bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ältere Ein- und Zweifamilienhausbestände im Umbruch. Eine Clusteranalyse zur Identifizierung regionaler Betroffenheiten in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Authors: Adam Brigitte , Berndgen-Kaiser Andrea , Jochimsen Kerstin , Münter Angelika , Zakrzewski Philipp
Published: September 2017

Within the interplay of demographic factors, characteristics of the housing stock, spatial parameters and the resulting conditions on the housing market in many municipalities a declining demand for single family homes built in the 1950s to 1970s goes along with an increasing supply in this segment of the housing market. At this, however, strong regional disparities can be observed. In this paper, a concept of indicators on the municipal level to estimate the situation of the 1950s to the 1970s single-family homes is presented. Based on the example of North Rhine-Westphalia in a first step regional spatial patterns are identified based on some of these indicators. The focus of the paper is on the subsequent synthesis of the indicators by means of a cluster analysis (two-step method). As a result, six clusters with similar developments and challenges regarding the 1950s to 1970s single-family-homes stocks are identified and the operative requirements for these clusters are discussed. From the methodological perspective the paper shows that the cluster analysis by the means of the two-step method is a promising alternative to the Ward method frequently adopted in spatial sciences.
Rescaling of Metropolitan Governance and Spatial Planning in Europe: an Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Zimmermann Karsten
Published: September 2017

The article gives an introduction to the special issue about recent developments in metropolitan governance in Europe. The special issue seeks to contribute to a comparison of metropolitan governance with a particular emphasis on national policy initiatives. The presentation of recent developments in the six countries Germany, Italy, France, Poland, Spain and England follows a common framework. This framework is built on theories of rescaling and governance. All six countries have experienced dynamic changes in the scale and scope of metropolitan regionalism with different results. The contributions to the special issue show national policy initiatives as well as local case studies of metropolitan governance in terms of their history, structure and recent performance. The chapters show path-dependent developments in Germany, France and Spain as well as path-breaking changes in Poland, Italy and England. All in all, besides the fact that metropolitan regions are still high on the political agenda, a high degree of variation with regard to national policies remains.
Foucault statt Fürst? Gedanken zu einem an Bedeutung gewinnenden Paradigma
Authors: Lintz Gerd
Published: September 2017

Especially drawing on the contributions of Zimmermann (2012) and Balke and Reimer (2016) published in the journal “Raumforschung und Raumordnung”, this article deals with research done under the keywords constructivism, discourse and governmentality. Taking the example of those two contributions the author presents his thoughts on the relationship between the emerging social constructivist paradigm on the one hand and the (previous) mainstream on the other hand. He argues for an open discussion in order to improve the understanding of commonalities and divergences between these approaches.
Vae Victis! Spatial Planning in the Rescaled Metropolitan Governance in France
Authors: Geppert Anna
Published: September 2017

The paper focuses on the gap between the expectations and the effects of the recent rescaling of planning powers in France. Through a series of legislative reforms in 2010, 2014 and 2015, France has introduced “metropolises”. Designed for large cities of more than 500,000 inhabitants, metropolises are a new way of grouping municipalities (Etablissement Public de Coopération Intercommunale), more integrated than the previous bodies which they replace (communauté urbaine, communauté d’agglomération). With enlarged territories and increased decisional power, they were expected to become strong collective actors, providing better services for their inhabitants and making better use of their resources. However, the first outcomes of the reform do not meet these expectations. Metropolises are often smaller than expected. Their perimeters result more from political bargains than from geographical considerations. The emergence of a collective metropolitan power is slowed down by the mayors, who stick to localist approaches, as well as by the national government. Planning objectives have shifted from a redistributive approach (ensuring balanced territorial development) to a growth-oriented policy (enhancing metropolitan potentials). As a result, central areas are gaining economic weight and autonomy while peripheral areas keep declining: there are winners and losers.
„Nicht für Erich Honecker früher oder heute für Angela Merkel, sondern für sich selber“ – Eine Fallstudie zu ehrenamtlichen Engagementformen im ländlichen Raum zwischen gesellschaftspolitischen Ansprüchen und individuellen Wahrnehmungen
Authors: Schwarzenberg Tom , Miggelbrink Judith , Meyer Frank
Published: September 2017

For several years now, volunteer activity has been increasingly placed at the center of a political discourse monopolizing it for politics of dealing with socio- and spatio-political problems. It is particularly in those rural regions affected by out-migration and an ageing population that volunteering is considered an advisable way for securing local public responsibilities. Based on a critical reflection and discussion of these political positions we plead for a subject-oriented research approach in order to understand regionally problematised conditions not primarily as static parameters, but as individually negotiated aspects of everyday life. Accordingly, voluntary activity is investigated in terms of individually perceived challenges and underlying logics of action as a social practice of collaboratively organising everyday life in a shrinking rural region. Hence, using a case study conducted in the Altenburger Land in Thuringia we analyse the socially embedded negotiation of responsibilities between municipal actors and voluntary workers on the one hand and trace the influencing factors on voluntary activities considered relevant by involved actors on the other hand. Those factors include institutional and political support, municipality reforms, regional education and working conditions in the light of a problematic regional labour market, for example. Building on the results of our empirical research we finally discuss the political and analytical-conceptual implications resulting from the notion of a homogeneous community of voluntary workers and their political-strategic invocation and activation.
Empirische Fundierung von Zentrale-Orte-Konzepten – Vorschlag für ein idealtypisches Vorgehen
Authors: Terfrüchte Thomas , Greiving Stefan , Flex Florian
Published: September 2017

The topic of “central places” (again) steadily gains relevance in spatial science as well as in regional planning. Emphasising the requirement to verify central-place concepts empirically, corresponding aims of comprehensive regional planning can be justified in a reasonable way. It has so far remained open which methodological demands have to relate to this validation and how in particular these specifications should be fulfilled. These questions form the background for this article. It introduces four optional approaches towards the empirical foundation of central-place concepts as an indispensable prerequisite for legal certainty and proposes in the end an iterative approach as ideal type.
Thermal stratification effects on MHD radiative flow of nanofluid over nonlinear stretching sheet with variable thickness
Authors: Daniel Yahaya Shagaiya , Aziz Zainal Abdul , Ismail Zuhaila , Salah Faisal
Published: September 2017

The combined effects of thermal stratification, applied electric and magnetic fields, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation and Joules heating are numerically studied on a boundary layer flow of electrical conducting nanofluid over a nonlinearly stretching sheet with variable thickness. The governing equations which are partial differential equations are converted to a couple of ordinary differential equations with suitable similarity transformation techniques and are solved using implicit finite difference scheme. The electrical conducting nanofluid particle fraction on the boundary is passively rather than actively controlled. The effects of the emerging parameters on the electrical conducting nanofluid velocity, temperature, and nanoparticles concentration volume fraction with skin friction, heat transfer characteristics are examined with the aids of graphs and tabular form. It is observed that the variable thickness enhances the fluid velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration volume fraction. The heat and mass transfer rate at the surface increases with thermal stratification resulting to a reduction in the fluid temperature. Electric field enhances the nanofluid velocity which resolved the sticking effects caused by a magnetic field which suppressed the profiles. Radiative heat transfer and viscous dissipation are sensitive to an increase in the fluid temperature and thicker thermal boundary layer thickness. Comparison with published results is examined and presented.

Highlights MHD nanofluid due to stretching sheet with variable thickness with passively controlled. A similarity transformation is used then solved by Keller box method. Electric and magnetic fields are taken into account in velocity and energy analysis. Combined effect of thermal stratification is examined. The comparison is also made with the existing published data.
More social studies?: Examining instructional policies of time and testing in elementary school
Authors: Heafner Tina L.
Published: September 2017

Adding instructional time and holding teachers accountable for teaching social studies are touted as practical, logical steps toward reforming the age-old tradition of marginalization. This qualitative case study of an urban elementary school, examines how nine teachers and one administrator enacted district reforms that added 45 min to the instructional day and implemented a series of formative and summative assessments. Through classroom observations, interviews, time journals, and official school documents, this article describes underlying perceptions and priorities that were barriers to any positive impact time or testing might have afforded social studies. Two recommendations emerge from results: 1) time structures need to provide space for the teaching of and planning for social studies; and 2) testing can have positive outcomes, but these are limited when assessments structures are hierarchical, misaligned, and poorly communicated.
Perception of Employment by the Veterans Participating in the National Veterans Wheelchair Games: A Survey Study
Authors: Kim William , Lee Leah , Lans Daniel , Tostenrude David , Lee Kenneth
Published: September 2017

Background

Employment in those with disability is an important rehabilitation goal, along with achieving some measure of functional independence and is at the same time one of the most difficult goals to achieve. The number of people with disabilities participating in adaptive sports has been increasing steadily over the years. A few studies have looked at the relationship between physical fitness and employment status in those with disability, but there have been no studies that focused on the results of organized adaptive sports events affecting employment outcome.

Objective

To determine whether participation in the National Veterans Wheelchair Games (NVWG) has a positive impact on employment in those with disability.

Study Design

Prospective, cross‐sectional survey.

Setting

2015 NVWG in Dallas, Texas (nonclinic setting).

Participants

A total of 338 survey participants; 36 surveys were excluded due to incompletion.

Methods

Veterans who participated at the 2015 NVWG were given the opportunity to complete a 2‐page survey. Survey participants received $5.00 gift card as compensation.

Main Outcome Measurements

Percentage of those who perceived NVWG made a difference in attaining employment, risk ratio analyses.

Results

A total of 50% of the participants stated that the NVWG made a difference in attaining employment. Those currently working were 1.5 times more likely to say that the NVWG had a positive effect on employment than those not currently working (P < .01). Those who felt that the NVWG had a positive effect on employment attended 3‐4 more wheelchair games on average than those reporting that the NVWG did not have an impact on employment (P < .001). Positive responses were obtained from the Likert scale distribution.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that participating in the NVWG provides psychosocial support to the veterans and may have a positive influence in employment outcomes.

Level of Evidence

III
The Political Economy of the Small Welfare State in South Korea
Authors: Yang Jae-jin
Published: September 2017

This book explains why the Korean welfare state is underdeveloped despite successful industrialization, democratization, a militant labor movement, and a centralized meritocracy. Unlike most social science books on Korea, which tend to focus on its developmental state and past years' rapid economic development, this book deals with social welfare issues and politics during the critical junctures in Korea's history: industrialization in the 1960–70s, the democratization and labor movement in the mid-1980s, globalization and the financial crisis in the 1990s and the 'wind of free welfare' in the 2010s. It highlights the self-interested activities of Korea's militant enterprise unionism at variance with those of a more solidaristic industrial unionism in the European welfare states. Korean big business, the chaebol, accommodated the unions' call for higher wages and more corporate welfare, which removed practical incentives for unions to demand social welfare. Korea's single-member-district electoral rules also induce politicians to sell geographically targeted, narrow benefits rather than public welfare for all.
The Historical Roots of Corruption
Authors: Uslaner Eric M.
Published: September 2017

Why does corruption persist over long periods of time? Why is it so difficult to eliminate? Suggesting that corruption is deeply rooted in the underlying social and historical political structures of a country, Uslaner observes that there is a powerful statistical relationship between levels of mass education in 1870 and corruption levels in 2010 across 78 countries. He argues that an early introduction of universal education is shown to be linked to levels of economic equality and to efforts to increase state capacity. Societies with more equal education gave citizens more opportunities and power for opposing corruption, whilst the need for increased state capacity was a strong motivation for the introduction of universal education in many countries. Evidence for this argument is presented from statistical models, case studies from Northern and Southern Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, as well as a discussions of how some countries escaped the 'trap' of corruption.
Jacques Offenbach and the Making of Modern Culture
Authors: Senelick Laurence
Published: September 2017

Offenbach's operas were a significant force for cultural change, both in his own time and in the decades to follow. In this book, Laurence Senelick demonstrates the ways in which this musical phenomenon took hold globally, with Offenbach's work offering an alternative, irreverent, sexualized view of life which audiences found liberating, both personally and socially. In the theatre, the composer also inspired cutting-edge innovations in stagecraft and design, and in this book, he is recognized as a major cultural influence, with an extensive impact on the spheres of literature, art, film, and even politics. Senelick argues that Offenbach's importance spread far beyond France, and that his provocative and entertaining works, often seen as being more style than substance, influenced numerous key artists, writers, and thinkers, and made a major contribution to the development of modern society.
Measurement Techniques for Radio Frequency Nanoelectronics
Authors: Wallis T. Mitch , Kabos Pavel
Published: September 2017

Connect basic theory with real-world applications with this practical, cross-disciplinary guide to radio frequency measurement of nanoscale devices and materials. • Learn the techniques needed for characterizing the performance of devices and their constituent building blocks, including semiconducting nanowires, graphene, and other two dimensional materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides • Gain practical insights into instrumentation, including on-wafer measurement platforms and scanning microwave microscopy • Discover how measurement techniques can be applied to solve real-world problems, in areas such as passive and active nanoelectronic devices, semiconductor dopant profiling, subsurface nanoscale tomography, nanoscale magnetic device engineering, and broadband, spatially localized measurements of biological materials Featuring numerous practical examples, and written in a concise yet rigorous style, this is the ideal resource for researchers, practicing engineers, and graduate students new to the field of radio frequency nanoelectronics.
A New History of Management
Authors: Cummings Stephen , Bridgman Todd , Hassard John , Rowlinson Michael
Published: September 2017

Existing narratives about how we should organize are built upon, and reinforce, a concept of 'good management' derived from what is assumed to be a fundamental need to increase efficiency. But this assumption is based on a presentist, monocultural, and generally limited view of management's past. A New History of Management disputes these foundations. By reassessing conventional perspectives on past management theories and providing a new critical outline of present-day management, it highlights alternative conceptions of 'good management' focused on ethical aims, sustainability, and alternative views of good practice. From this new historical perspective, existing assumptions can be countered and simplistic views disputed, offering a platform from which graduate students, researchers, and reflective practitioners can develop alternative approaches for managing and organizing in the twenty-first century.
Debating Sex and Gender in Eighteenth-Century Spain
Authors: Vicente Marta V.
Published: September 2017

Eighteenth-century debates continue to set the terms of modern day discussions on how 'nature and nurture' shape sex and gender. Current dialogues - from the tension between 'real' and 'ideal' bodies, to how nature and society shape sexual difference - date back to the early modern period. Debating Sex and Gender is an innovative study of the creation of a two-sex model of human sexuality based on different genitalia within Spain, reflecting the enlightened quest to promote social reproduction and stability. Drawing on primary sources such as medical treatises and legal literature, Vicente traces the lives of individuals whose ambiguous sex and gender made them examples for physicians, legislators and educators for how nature, family upbringing, education, and the social environment shaped an individual's sex. This book brings together insights from the histories of sexuality, medicine and the law to shed new light on this timely and important field of study.
The Anticolonial Front
Authors: Munro John
Published: September 2017

This is a transnational history of the activist and intellectual network that connected the Black freedom struggle in the United States to liberation movements across the globe in the aftermath of World War II. John Munro charts the emergence of an anticolonial front within the postwar Black liberation movement comprising organisations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the Council on African Affairs and the American Society for African Culture and leading figures such as W. E. B. Du Bois, Claudia Jones, Alphaeus Hunton, George Padmore, Richard Wright, Esther Cooper Jackson, Jack O'Dell and C. L. R. James. Drawing on a diverse array of personal papers, organisational records, novels, newspapers and scholarly literatures, the book follows the fortunes of this political formation, recasting the Cold War in light of decolonisation and racial capitalism and the postwar history of the United States in light of global developments.
Solitary Confinement, Prisoner Litigation, and the Possibility of a Prison Abolitionist Lawyering Ethic
Authors: Parkes Debra
Published: September 2017

This paper considers the role that litigation might play in ending the human rights crisis of solitary confinement in Canada while also examining the relationship of prisoner rights litigation to broader, anti-carceral social movements. The paper proceeds in four parts. The first section provides a brief overview of the widespread use of solitary confinement in Canada’s federal prisons and in provincial and territorial jails. Next, current litigation seeking an end to solitary confinement in the federal prisons system is located in the context of a long history of prisoner rights litigation in both the US and Canada. The third section considers the possibilities and challenges of pursuing prisoner rights litigation with broader critiques of the carceral state in mind. The paper ends with examples of anti-carceral lawyering efforts and identifies some elements of a prison abolitionist lawyering ethic.
The dynamics of partial cavity formation, shedding and the influence of dissolved and injected non-condensable gas
Authors: Mäkiharju Simo A. , Ganesh Harish , Ceccio Steven L.
Published: September 2017

In the present study, the experimental set-up of Ganeshet al.(J. Fluid Mech., vol. 802, 2016, pp. 37–78) is used to examine the dynamics of a shedding cavity by examining the vapour production rate of the natural cavity and determining how minimal injection of non-condensable gas can substantially alter the vapour production rate, the resulting cavity flow and the cavity shedding process. The influence of the dissolved gas content on the shedding natural cavity flow is also examined. High-speed visual imaging and cinemagraphic X-ray densitometry were used to observe the void fraction dynamics of the cavity flow. Non-condensable gas is injected across the span of the cavity flow at two locations: immediately downstream of the cavity detachment location at the apex of the wedge or further downstream into mid-cavity. The gas injected near the apex is found to increase the pressure near the suction peak, which resulted in the suppression of vapour formation. Hence, the injection of gas could result in a substantial net reduction in the overall cavity void fraction. Injection at the mid-cavity did less to suppress the vapour production and resulted in less significant modification of both the mean cavity pressure and net volume fraction. Changes in the cavity void fraction, in turn, altered the dynamics of the bubbly shock formation. Variation of the dissolved gas content alone (i.e. without injection) did not significantly change the cavity dynamics.
EARLY PUBLIC ARCHITECTURE IN SOUTHERN CHILE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND PEDOLOGICAL RESULTS FROM THE MOCHA ISLAND MOUNDS-AND-PLATFORM COMPLEX
Authors: Campbell Roberto , Pfeiffer Marco
Published: September 2017

Public architecture emerged in conjunction with the development of early complex societies and is therefore a key feature for understanding them. Anthropogenic mounds and platforms in southern Chile dated to the Late Ceramic Period (AD 1000–1550), and historic indigenous inhabitants (AD 1550–present) are the southernmost manifestation of public architecture in the Americas. We report the results from excavation of an architectural complex on Mocha Island that covers an area of ~9.2 ha and a volume of ~43,000 m3. This paper describes its construction dynamics, placing its origin at around AD 1000, a moment of significant sociopolitical and economic changes in southern Chile. We then associate information obtained from this site with similar complexes on mainland southern Chile to locate this phenomenon within a more regional comparative context.
A RESPONSE TO THE COMMENTARY BY KAREN OLSEN BRUHNS, WILLIAM E. BROOKS, AND DEBORAH TRUHAN ON “ECUADORIAN CINNABAR AND THE PREHISPANIC TRADE IN VERMILION PIGMENT: VIABLE HYPOTHESIS OR RED HERRING?”
Authors: Burger Richard L. , Lane Kris E. , Cooke Colin A.
Published: September 2017

Our LAQ paper concluded that cinnabar pigment found by archaeologists in northern Peru was produced at Huancavelica in south-central Peru. In contrast, Bruhns and her colleagues suggest the mines near Azogues in southern Ecuador were an important cinnabar source for prehispanic Ecuador and Peru. In their commentary, they introduce new historic and geologic information to support their view, but a critical analysis demonstrates that it does not undermine our conclusions.
Microbial composition affects the performance of an artificial Tephritid larval diet
Authors: Rempoulakis P. , Sela (Saldinger) S. , Nemny-Lavy E. , Pinto R. , Birke A. , Nestel D.
Published: September 2017

The present study investigated the patterns of microorganisms in an artificial larval diet duringDacus ciliatus(Diptera;Tephritidae) larval development. Microbial population contents in the diet of total heterotrophic bacteria, yeast and molds, coliform and lactobacilli, and their dynamics during development, were monitored. Initially, the microbial composition in diet trays failing to produce viable pupae and in trays successfully producing pupae and adult flies was characterized. The failing diet trays contained large populations of lactobacilli that increased during larval development, and low populations of coliforms. In contrast, the successful diet showed an increasing population of coliforms and a low, or undetected, population of lactobacilli. To study the hypothesis that lactobacilli affectD. ciliatuslarval development, we conducted controlled inoculation experiments in whichLactobacillus plantarumwas added into fresh diet at the time of egg seeding.L. plantaruminoculated trays showed no production ofD. ciliatus. Control trays without lactobacilli inoculation showed variable results. One tray successfully produced viable pupae and adults, and showed a slight and slow increase in the indigenous populations of lactobacilli. The second tray, however, failed to produce pupae and showed a fast increase of the indigenous lactobacilli to very high levels. Monitored pH trends inL. plantarum-inoculated diet showed a sharp pH decrease during the first 4 days of larval development from 5 to less than 4 units, while successful diet, producing viableD. ciliatuspupae and adults, showed a moderate pH drop during most of the larval development period. The paper discusses the possible ecological interactions betweenD. ciliatuslarvae, the microbial content of the diet and the physical properties of the diet. The discussion also points out at the usefulness of this approach in understanding and managing mass production parameters of tephritid fruit flies industrial diets used for Sterile Insect Technique.
The Journey towards “No Man's Land”: Interpreting the China-Korea Borderland within Imperial and Colonial Contexts
Authors: Song Nianshen
Published: September 2017

In the early twentieth century, the sovereignty of a territory north of the China-Korea Tumen River border was under severe dispute between China, Korea, and Japan. Based on a Jesuit memoir and map of Korea published in eighteenth-century Europe, a Japanese colonial bureaucrat and international law expert, Shinoda Jisaku, asserted that a vast region north of the China-Korea border should be regarded as a “no man's land.” Employing Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and European materials, this article traces the origin and evolution of such a definition. It demonstrates that the Jesuit map and description were based on false geographic information, which the Korean court deliberately provided to a Manchu official in 1713 in order to safeguard its interests. During prolonged intercommunication between diverse areas of the globe during the past three centuries, spatial and legal knowledge has been produced, reproduced, and transformed within imperial and colonial contexts.
Genetic perspective of milk yield persistency in the first three lactations of Iranian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh Navid , Nazari Mohammad Ali , Shadparvar Abdol Ahad
Published: September 2017

The objectives of this study were to estimate the genetic parameters and genetic trends for different measures of persistency (PM) for milk yield in Iranian buffaloes using a random regression test day model. Test day records of the first three lactations of buffaloes within 715 herds comprising 43 014, 38 941 and 33 937 records, respectively, were obtained from the Animal Breeding Center of Iran during 1992 to 2012. Legendre polynomial functions were chosen to fit the lactation curves in the framework of a random regression test day model for estimating (co)variance components. Three measures of persistency were modified based on the lactation curve conditions of buffaloes: (1) The average of estimated breeding values (EBVs) for test day milk yields from day 226 to day 270 as a deviation from the average of EBVs from day 44 to day 62 (PM1), (2) A summation of contribution for each day from day 53 to day 247 as a deviation from day 248 (PM2), (3) The difference between EBVs for day 257 and day 80 (PM3). The highest heritability estimates were observed for PM2over the first three lactations (0·29, 0·80 and 0·42, respectively). Estimates of genetic correlations between persistency measures and milk yield varied from −0·48 to 0·29 (first lactation), from −0·12 to 0·48 (second lactation), and from −0·62 to 0·63 (third lactation). Estimate of genetic trend for first lactation PM2was negative (−0·0088 ± 0·0043;P< 0·05). It is essential to include milk yield persistency in the breeding goal of Iranian buffaloes along with other important traits such as milk yield or reproductive traits.
Effect of chelators on functionality of milk protein concentrates obtained by ultrafiltration at a constant pH and temperature
Authors: Ramchandran Lata , Luo XiaoXia , Vasiljevic Todor
Published: September 2017

Modulating conditions during ultrafiltration of skim milk appears to be a feasible strategy to obtain milk protein concentrates (MPC) with tailored functionalities. Adjustment of pH and process temperature attenuated properties of casein micelle resulting in enhanced emulsification capacity. Additional pre-treatment options such as addition of calcium chelators can further impact on the functionality of MPC by modifying the calcium distribution and casein micelle integrity. The objective of the project was to establish effects of pre-treating skim milk with calcium chelators (EDTA or citrate) in concentrations between 10 to 30 mmprior to UF on the physical properties of the feed, corresponding retentates and dried MPC, including particle size, zeta potential and calcium distribution in skim milk and the corresponding retentates, as well as the physical functionalities such as solubility, heat stability and emulsifying properties. Addition of calcium chelators (EDTA or citrate), at levels 20–30 mmconcentrations reduced casein micelle size as well as total, soluble and ionic calcium contents that resulted in MPC with enhanced solubility and heat stability. The emulsion capacity was, however, improved only with EDTA at 10 mmconcentration. The enhanced functionality is attributed to the reduced particle size resulting from the removal of calcium from the retentate that could modify micellar casein to an extent sufficient to cause such improvements.
The Architecture of ‘Passive Revolution’: Society, State and Space in Modern Mexico
Authors: MORTON ADAM DAVID
Published: September 2017

This article analyses the political economy of Henri Lefebvre's concept of ‘state space’ with specific attention directed towards the Monument to the Revolution in Mexico City, completed in 1938. The conditions of modernity can be generally related to the spatial ordering of urban landscapes within capital cities conjoining the specifics of national identity with imitative processes. Antonio Gramsci captured such sentiments through his understanding of the condition of ‘passive revolution’. The key contribution of this article is to draw attention to forms ofeveryday passive revolution, recognising both cosmopolitan and vernacular aspects of modern architecture in relation to the Monument to the Revolution. A focus on the Monument to the Revolution thus reveals specific spatial practices of everyday passive revolution relevant to the codification of architecture and the political economy of modern state formation in Mexico. These issues are revealed, literally, as vital expressions in the architecture of everyday passive revolution in modern Mexico.
Mood disorders and circulating levels of inflammatory markers in a longitudinal population-based study
Authors: Glaus J. , von Känel R. , Lasserre A. M. , Strippoli M.-P. F. , Vandeleur C. L. , Castelao E. , Gholam-Rezaee M. , Marangoni C. , Wagner E.-Y. N. , Marques-Vidal P. , Waeber G. , Vollenweider P. , Preisig M. , Merikangas K. R.
Published: September 2017

Background

There has been increasing evidence that chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with mood disorders. However, the findings have been inconsistent because of heterogeneity across studies and methodological limitations. Our aim is to prospectively evaluate the bi-directional associations between inflammatory markers including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with mood disorders.

Methods

The sample consisted of 3118 participants (53.7% women; mean age: 51.0, s.d. 8.8 years), randomly selected from the general population, who underwent comprehensive somatic and psychiatric evaluations at baseline and follow-up (mean follow-up duration = 5.5 years, s.d. 0.6). Current and remitted mood disorders including bipolar and major depressive disorders (MDD) and its subtypes (atypical, melancholic, combined atypical and melancholic, and unspecified) were based on semi-structured diagnostic interviews. Inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed in fasting blood samples. Associations were tested by multiple linear and logistic regression models.

Results

Current combined MDD [β = 0.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03–0.55] and current atypical MDD (β = 0.32, 95% CI 0.10–0.55) at baseline were associated with increased levels of hsCRP at follow-up. There was little evidence for inflammation markers at baseline predicting mood disorders at follow-up.

Conclusions

The prospective unidirectional association between current MDD subtype with atypical features and hsCRP levels at follow-up suggests that inflammation may be a consequence of this condition. The role of inflammation, particularly hsCRP that is critically involved in cardiovascular diseases, warrants further study. Future research that examines potential influences of medications on inflammatory processes is indicated.
The dynamics of social care and employment in mid-life
Authors: GOMEZ-LEON MADELIN , EVANDROU MARIA , FALKINGHAM JANE , VLACHANTONI ATHINA
Published: September 2017

This study investigates the relationship between the provision of informal care to older parents/parents-in-law and the employment status of adult children in mid-life. The study analyses unique panel data for a cohort of individuals born in 1958 in Britain, focusing on respondents at risk of providing care (i.e. with at least one surviving parent/parent-in-law) and in employment at 50. Logistic regression is used to investigate the impact of caring at 50 and 55 on employment status at 55, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, the respondent's health status and their partner's employment status. Separate models examine (a) the likelihood of exiting the labour force versus continuing work, and (b) amongst those continuing in work, the likelihood of reducing hours of employment. Different types of care (personal, basic and instrumental support) are distinguished, along with hours of caring. The results highlight that providing care for more personal tasks, and for a higher number of hours, are associated with exiting employment for both men and women carers. In contrast, the negative impact of more intense care-giving on reducing working hours was significant only for men – suggesting that women may juggle intensive care commitments alongside work or leave work altogether. Facilitating women and men to combine paid work and parental care in mid-life will be increasingly important in the context of rising longevity.
Stability of line solitons for the KP-II equation in ℝ2. II
Authors: Mizumachi Tetsu
Published: September 2017

The KP-II equation was derived by Kadmotsev and Petviashvili to explain stability of line solitary waves of shallow water. Recently, Mizumachi proved nonlinear stability of 1-line solitons for exponentially localized perturbations. In this paper, we prove stability of 1-line solitons for perturbations in (1 + x2)−1/2−0H1(ℝ2) and perturbations in H1(ℝ2) ∩ ∂xL2(ℝ2).
Conflicting science requirements impact on rare moss conservation measures
Authors: Pertierra Luis R. , Lara Francisco , Benayas Javier , Lewis-Smith Ronald I. , Hughes Kevin A.
Published: September 2017

The Antarctic Treaty recognizes the outstanding scientific values of the Antarctic environment through the designation of Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPAs) that have rigorous management plans specific to each site. Deception Island has the largest concentration of rare bryophyte species and communities in Antarctica, while also offering substantial opportunities for research in a range of scientific disciplines due to its volcanic nature. As a result, conflicts between research interests and conservation goals may arise. On the summit ridge of Caliente Hill severe trampling damage to the moss assemblages growing in association with localized geothermal activity was observed. The range of species affected included the entire known population of Schistidium deceptionense, an endemic moss known only from this site, as well as other very rare Antarctic mosses (Ditrichum ditrichoideum, Bryum orbiculatifolium, Bucklandiella subcrispipila, Pohlia wahlenbergii and Dicranella hookeri). A photomapping study was undertaken to characterize further the status of the site and monitor changes within it. Increased awareness, co-ordination of activities and a spatial zoning within the site could help mitigate damage from permitted activities. Nevertheless, prioritization of longer term conservation goals over short-term research interests may ultimately be necessary where local human impact cannot be managed by other means.
Unlearning overgenerated be through data-driven learning in the secondary EFL classroom
Authors: Moon Soyeon , Oh Sun-Young
Published: September 2017

This paper reports on the cognitive and affective benefits of data-driven learning (DDL), in which Korean EFL learners at the secondary level notice and unlearn their “overgeneratedbe” by comparing native English-speaker and learner corpora with guided induction. To select the target language item and compile learner-corpus-based materials, writing samples of 285 learners were collected. The participants were randomly divided into traditional grammar learning and DDL groups. After providing instruction for each group, one immediate and one delayed writing sessions were implemented. Revealing a lower ratio of overgeneratedbeafter the instruction than the control group, the DDL group showed statistically significant retention as well as immediate effects in terms of the raw counts of the target item. Based on this improvement in grammar learning and retention, DDL is considered helpful for these learners as it facilitated their efforts to discover and apply rules. In addition, their positive attitudes toward DDL including both native speaker and learner data provide useful pedagogical implications. Learning from the negative evidence produced in their own classroom helped learners, especially at lower levels, to raise their grammar consciousness and boost their motivation to learn.
During capacitation in bull spermatozoa, actin and PLC-ζ undergo dynamic interactions
Authors: Mejía-Flores Itzayana , Chiquete-Félix Natalia , Palma-Lara Icela , Uribe-Carvajal Salvador , de Lourdes Juárez-Mosqueda María
Published: September 2017

The migration pattern of sperm-specific phospholipase C-ζ (PLC-ζ) was followed and the role of this migration in actin cytoskeleton dynamics was determined. We investigated whether PLC-ζ exits sperm, opening the possibility that PLC-ζ is the ‘spermatozoidal activator factor’ (SOAF). As capacitation progresses, the highly dynamic actin cytoskeleton bound different proteins to regulate their location and activity. PLC-ζ participation at the start of fertilization was established. In non-capacitated spermatozoa, PLC-ζ is in the perinuclear theca (PT) and in the flagellum, therefore it was decided to determine whether bovine sperm actin interacts with PLC-ζ to direct its relocation as it progresses from non-capacitated (NC) to capacitated (C) and to acrosome-reacted (AR) spermatozoa. PLC-ζ interacted with actin in NC spermatozoa (100%), PLC-ζ levels decreased in C spermatozoa to 32% and in AR spermatozoa to 57% (P< 0.001). The level of actin/PLC-ζ interaction was twice as high in G-actin (P< 0.001) that reflected an increase in affinity. Upon reaching the AR spermatozoa, PLC-ζ was partially released from the cell. It was concluded that actin cytoskeleton dynamics control the migration of PLC-ζ during capacitation and leads to its partial release at AR spermatozoa. It is suggested that liberated PLC-ζ could reach the egg and favour fertilization.
The presence of acylated ghrelin duringin vitromaturation of bovine oocytes induces cumulus cell DNA damage and apoptosis, and impairs early embryo development
Authors: Sirini Matias A. , Anchordoquy Juan Mateo , Anchordoquy Juan Patricio , Pascua Ana M. , Nikoloff Noelia , Carranza Ana , Relling Alejandro E. , Furnus Cecilia C.
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acylated ghrelin supplementation duringin vitromaturation (IVM) of bovine oocytes. IVM medium was supplemented with 20, 40 or 60 pM acylated ghrelin concentrations. Cumulus expansion area and oocyte nuclear maturation were studied as maturation parameters. Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) were assessed with the comet, apoptosis and viability assays. Thein vitroeffects of acylated ghrelin on embryo developmental capacity and embryo quality were also evaluated. Results demonstrated that acylated ghrelin did not affect oocyte nuclear maturation and cumulus expansion area. However, it induced cumulus cell (CC) death, apoptosis and DNA damage. The damage increased as a function of the concentration employed. Additionally, the percentages of blastocyst yield, hatching and embryo quality decreased with all acylated ghrelin concentrations tested. Our study highlights the importance of acylated ghrelin in bovine reproduction, suggesting that this metabolic hormone could function as a signal that prevents the progress to reproductive processes.
Cell and genetic predictors of human blastocyst hatching success in assisted reproduction
Authors: Syrkasheva Anastasiya G. , Dolgushina Nataliya V. , Romanov Andrey Yu. , Burmenskaya Olga V. , Makarova Nataliya P. , Ibragimova Espet O. , Kalinina Elena A. , Sukhikh Gennady T.
Published: September 2017

The aim was to identify cell and genetic predictors of human blastocyst hatching success in assisted reproduction programmes via a prospective case–control study. Blastocysts, donated by couples in assisted reproduction programmes were used. Hatching success assessment was performed after 144–146 h post-fertilization. The mRNA expression levels of cathepsin V (CTSV), GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) and human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit 3, 5, 7 and 8 (CGB) genes were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The odds ratio (OR) of hatching due to zona pellucida (ZP) thickness, oocyte and sperm quality, embryo quality and mRNA expression of CTSV, GATA3 and CGB genes in blastocysts was determined. From 62 blastocysts included in the study, 47 (75.8%) were unable to hatch spontaneously. The ZP thickening, and oocyte and sperm quality did not affect human blastocyst ability to hatch, except the combination of cytoplasmic and extracytoplasmic oocyte dysmorphisms (OR = 1.25; 95% confidence interval = 1.08, 1.45). Hatching-capable blastocysts had higher Gardner scale grade and mRNA expression of CTSV, GATA3 and CGB genes than hatching-incapable blastocysts. The human blastocyst hatching success depends on the blastocyst Gardner grade, but not on ZP and gamete quality. Blastocyst development was regulated by CTSV, GATA3 and CGB gene expression.
Treating depressive episodes or symptoms in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: van Rooijen Geeske , Vermeulen Jentien Marloes , Ruhé Henricus Gerardus , de Haan Lieuwe
Published: September 2017

Depressive episodes or symptoms occur frequently in patients with schizophrenia and may have far-reaching consequences. Despite the high prevalence rate and clinical relevance of this comorbidity, knowledge about treatment options is still limited. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the literature concerning treatment options for depressive episodes or symptoms in schizophrenia. Based on the current evidence, we present a stepwise treatment approach. The first step is to evaluate the current antipsychotic treatment of psychotic symptoms and consider lowering the dosage, since increased blockade of the dopamine D2 receptors may be associated with a worse subjective sense of well-being and dysphoria. A second step is to consider switching antipsychotics, since there are indications that some antipsychotics (including sulpiride, clozapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole, quetiapine, lurasidone, or amisulpride) are slightly more effective in reducing depressive symptoms compared to other antipsychotics or placebo. In the case of a persistent depressive episode, additional therapeutic interventions are indicated. However, the evidence is indecisive regarding the treatment of choice: either starting cognitive-behavioral therapy or adding an antidepressant. A limited number of studies examined the use of antidepressants in depressed patients with schizophrenia showing modest effectiveness. Overall, additional research is needed to determine the most effective treatment approach for patients with schizophrenia and depressive episodes.
WEALTH CONSTRAINTS, MIGRANT SELECTION, AND INEQUALITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: Naval Joaquín
Published: September 2017

This paper builds a theoretical framework for studying migration and education in developing countries. Migration and education decisions are affected by migrants' wealth constraints. Technology and migration costs determine the pattern of migration through level of education, income, and wealth inequality. The model predicts that in the first stages of technological development, migration rates increase, as does economic inequality over time, for high migration costs. At more advanced stages of development, migration rates and wealth inequality decline. I show that these predictions are in line with the data.