bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addressing Trauma and Psychosocial Development in Juvenile Justice-Involved Youth: A Synthesis of the Developmental Neuroscience, Juvenile Justice and Trauma Literature
Authors: Evans-Chase Michelle
Published: October 2014

Youth incarcerated in the juvenile justice system are disproportionately exposed to traumas both in and outside of custody that are associated with poor social, behavioral, and developmental outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to describe one pathway through which trauma can impact a myriad of outcomes, including delinquency, violence, substance use, and other behaviors that are self-regulatory in nature. Relevant research from the developmental neuroscience, juvenile justice, and trauma literatures are drawn upon and synthesized to describe this pathway. Using a multi-disciplinary approach to understanding the role that brain development and neural activity play in the relationship between trauma and associated behavioral outcomes could serve to inform juvenile justice policy decisions and intervention practice. Such application could increase the effectiveness with which juvenile justice systems work with one of the most vulnerable and traumatized populations of youth in today’s society: those incarcerated in our juvenile justice system.
Bulk TiB2-Based Ceramic Composites with Improved Mechanical Property Using Fe–Ni–Ti–Al as a Sintering Aid
Authors: Yang Chao , Guo Hao , Mo Daguang , Qu Shengguan , Li Xiaoqiang , Zhang Weiwen , Zhang Laichang
Published: October 2014

The densification behavior, microstructure and mechanical properties of bulk TiB2-based ceramic composites, fabricated using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique with elements of (Fe–Ni–Ti–Al) sinter-aid were investigated. Comparing the change of shrinkage displacement of pure TiB2 and TiB2–5 wt% (Fe–Ni–Ti–Al), the addition of elements Fe–Ni–Ti–Al into TiB2 can facilitate sintering of the TiB2 ceramics. As the sintering temperature exceeds 1300 °C, the relative density does not significantly change. Alumina particles and austenite (Fe–Ni–Ti) metallic binder distributed homogeneously in the grain boundary of TiB2 can inhibit the growth of the TiB2 grains when the sintering temperature is below 1300 °C. The density and particle size of TiB2 greatly influence the mechanical behavior of TiB2–5 wt% (Fe–Ni–Ti–Al) composites. The specimen sintered at 1300 has the highest microhardness of 21.1 ± 0.1 GPa with an elastic modulus of 461.4 GPa. The content of secondary borides (M2B, being M = Fe, Ni), which are more brittle than TiB2 particles, can also influence the fracture toughness. The specimen sintered at 1500 °C has the highest fracture toughness of 6.16 ± 0.30 MPa·m1/2 with the smallest M2B phase. The results obtained provide insight into fabrication of ceramic composites with improved mechanical property.
Influence of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria on the Corrosion Residual Strength of an AZ91D Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Zhu Xianyong , Liu Yaohui , Wang Qiang , Liu Jiaan
Published: October 2014

In this paper, the corrosion residual strength of the AZ91D magnesium alloy in the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria is studied. In the experiments, the chemical composition of corrosion film was analyzed by a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In addition, a series of instruments, such as scanning electronic microscope, pH-meter and an AG-10TA materials test machine, were applied to test and record the morphology of the corrosion product, fracture texture and mechanical properties of the AZ91D magnesium alloy. The experiments show that the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) play an important role in the corrosion process of the AZ91D magnesium alloy. Pitting corrosion was enhanced by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Corrosion pits are important defects that could lead to a significant stress concentration in the tensile process. As a result, sulfate-reducing bacteria influence the corrosion residual strength of the AZ91D magnesium alloy by accelerating pitting corrosion.
The Use of Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) to Assess the Quality and Stability of Fruit Products: An Example Using Red Mombin Pulp (Spondias purpurea L.)
Authors: Todisco Katieli , Castro-Alves Victor , Garruti Deborah , Costa José , Clemente Edmar
Published: October 2014

The present study aimed to evaluate the volatiles profile of red mombin (Spondias purpurea) pulp and its powder produced by spray-drying (SD) as an example to show utility of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) in the analysis of parameters such as the quality and stability of fruit products. Volatiles profiles of the pulp were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), quantified by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and compared to the profile of the powder stored at 0, 60 and 120 days in plastic (PP) or laminated packages (LP). The results showed that the technique was able to identify 36 compounds in the red mombin pulp, 17 out of which have been described for the first time in this fruit, showing that red mombin fresh pulp appears to be unique in terms of volatiles composition. However, only 24 compounds were detected in the powder. This decrease is highly correlated (r2 = 0.99), at least for the majority of compounds, to the degree of volatility of compounds. Furthermore, the powder stored in PP or LP showed no statistical differences in the amounts of its components for a period of 120 days of storage. Finally, this work shows how HS-SPME analysis can be a valuable tool to assess the quality and stability of fruit products.
Radiation-Induced High-Temperature Conversion of Cellulose
Authors: Ponomarev Alexander , Ershov Boris
Published: October 2014

Thermal decomposition of cellulose can be upgraded by means of an electron-beam irradiation to produce valuable organic products via chain mechanisms. The samples being irradiated decompose effectively at temperatures below the threshold of pyrolysis inception. Cellulose decomposition resembles local “explosion” of the glucopyranose unit when fast elimination of carbon dioxide and water precede formation of residual carbonyl or carboxyl compounds. The dry distillation being performed during an irradiation gives a liquid condensate where furfural and its derivatives are dominant components. Excessively fast heating is adverse, as it results in a decrease of the yield of key organic products because pyrolysis predominates over the radiolytic-controlled decomposition of feedstock. Most likely, conversion of cellulose starts via radiolytic formation of macroradicals do not conform with each other, resulting in instability of the macroradical. As a consequence, glucosidic bond cleavage, elimination of light fragments (water, carbon oxides, formaldehyde, etc.) and formation of furfural take place.
Effects of Yerba maté, a Plant Extract Formulation (“YGD”) and Resveratrol in 3T3-L1 Adipogenesis
Authors: Santos Juliana , Gotardo Érica , Brianti Mitsue , Piraee Mahmood , Gambero Alessandra , Ribeiro Marcelo
Published: October 2014

We aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of yerba maté, YGD (a herbal preparation containing yerba maté, guarana and damiana), and resveratrol on adipogenesis. The anti-adipogenic effects of yerba mate, YGD, resveratrol and YGD + resveratrol and yerba mate + resveratrol combinations were evaluated in 3T3-L1 cells by Oil Red staining, cellular triglyceride content, and PCR quantitative array. The results demonstrated that all of the tested compounds inhibited adipogenesis. Yerba maté extract significantly down-regulated the expression of genes that play an important role in regulating adipogenesis, such as Adig, Axin, Cebpa, Fgf10, Lep, Lpl, and Pparγ2. In addition, these genes, YGD also repressed Bmp2, Ccnd1, Fasn, and Srebf1. Resveratrol also modulated the expression of Adig, Bmp2, Ccnd1, C/EBPα, Fasn, Fgf10, Lep, Lpl, and Pparγ2. Moreover, resveratrol repressed Cebpb, Cdk4, Fgf2, and Klf15. The yerba maté extract and YGD up-regulated the expression of genes involved in inhibiting adipogenesis, such as Dlk-1, Klf2, and Ucp1. Resveratrol also induced the expression of Klf2 and Ucp1. In addition resveratrol modulated the Ddit3, Foxo1, Sirt1, and Sirt2. The combined effects of these compounds on gene expression showed similar results observed from individual treatments. Our data indicates that the synergy between the compounds favors the inhibition of adipogenesis.
Severe Periodontitis Is Inversely Associated with Coffee Consumption in the Maintenance Phase of Periodontal Treatment
Authors: Machida Tatsuya , Tomofuji Takaaki , Ekuni Daisuke , Azuma Tetsuji , Takeuchi Noriko , Maruyama Takayuki , Mizutani Shinsuke , Kataoka Kota , Kawabata Yuya , Morita Manabu
Published: October 2014

This cross-sectional study addressed the relationship between coffee consumption and periodontitis in patients during the maintenance phase of periodontal treatment. A total of 414 periodontitis patients in the maintenance phase of periodontal treatment completed a questionnaire including items related to coffee intake and underwent periodontal examination. Logistic regression analysis showed that presence of moderate/severe periodontitis was correlated with presence of hypertension (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.99, p < 0.05), smoking (former, OR = 5.63, p < 0.01; current, OR = 6.81, p = 0.076), number of teeth present (OR = 0.89, p < 0.001), plaque control record ≥20% (OR = 1.88, p < 0.05), and duration of maintenance phase (OR = 1.07, p < 0.01). On the other hand, presence of severe periodontitis was correlated with smoking (former, OR = 1.35, p = 0.501; current, OR = 3.98, p < 0.05), coffee consumption (≥1 cup/day, OR = 0.55, p < 0.05), number of teeth present (OR = 0.95, p < 0.05), and bleeding on probing ≥ 20% (OR = 3.67, p < 0.001). There appears to be an inverse association between coffee consumption (≥1 cup/day) and prevalence of severe periodontitis in the maintenance phase of periodontal treatment.
The Use of Dietary Supplements to Alleviate Androgen Deprivation Therapy Side Effects during Prostate Cancer Treatment
Authors: Dueregger Andrea , Heidegger Isabel , Ofer Philipp , Perktold Bernhard , Ramoner Reinhold , Klocker Helmut , Eder Iris
Published: October 2014

Prostate cancer (PCa), the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second leading cause of male cancer death in Western societies, is typically androgen-dependent, a characteristic that underlies the rationale of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Approximately 90% of patients initially respond to ADT strategies, however many experience side effects including hot flashes, cardiotoxicity, metabolic and musculoskeletal alterations. This review summarizes pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating the ability of dietary supplements to alleviate adverse effects arising from ADT. In particular, we focus on herbal compounds, phytoestrogens, selenium (Se), fatty acids (FA), calcium, and Vitamins D and E. Indeed, there is some evidence that calcium and Vitamin D can prevent the development of osteoporosis during ADT. On the other hand, caution should be taken with the antioxidants Se and Vitamin E until the basis underlying their respective association with type 2 diabetes mellitus and PCa tumor development has been clarified. However, many other promising supplements have not yet been subjected large-scale clinical trials making it difficult to assess their efficacy. Given the demographic trend of increased PCa diagnoses and dependence on ADT as a major therapeutic strategy, further studies are required to objectively evaluate these supplements as adjuvant for PCa patients receiving ADT.
Nutrigenomics of Body Weight Regulation: A Rationale for Careful Dissection of Individual Contributors
Authors: Keijer Jaap , Hoevenaars Femke , Nieuwenhuizen Arie , Van Schothorst Evert
Published: October 2014

Body weight stability may imply active regulation towards a certain physiological condition, a body weight setpoint. This interpretation is ill at odds with the world-wide increase in overweight and obesity. Until now, a body weight setpoint has remained elusive and the setpoint theory did not provide practical clues for body weight reduction interventions. For this an alternative theoretical model is necessary, which is available as the settling point model. The settling point model postulates that there is little active regulation towards a predefined body weight, but that body weight settles based on the resultant of a number of contributors, represented by the individual’s genetic predisposition, in interaction with environmental and socioeconomic factors, such as diet and lifestyle. This review refines the settling point model and argues that by taking body weight regulation from a settling point perspective, the road will be opened to careful dissection of the various contributors to establishment of body weight and its regulation. This is both necessary and useful. Nutrigenomic technologies may help to delineate contributors to body weight settling. Understanding how and to which extent the different contributors influence body weight will allow the design of weight loss and weight maintenance interventions, which hopefully are more successful than those that are currently available.
The Prevalence of Food Addiction as Assessed by the Yale Food Addiction Scale: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pursey Kirrilly , Stanwell Peter , Gearhardt Ashley , Collins Clare , Burrows Tracy
Published: October 2014

Obesity is a global issue and it has been suggested that an addiction to certain foods could be a factor contributing to overeating and subsequent obesity. Only one tool, the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) has been developed to specifically assess food addiction. This review aimed to determine the prevalence of food addiction diagnosis and symptom scores, as assessed by the YFAS. Published studies to July 2014 were included if they reported the YFAS diagnosis or symptom score and were published in the English language. Twenty-five studies were identified including a total of 196,211 predominantly female, overweight/obese participants (60%). Using meta-analysis, the weighted mean prevalence of YFAS food addiction diagnosis was 19.9%. Food addiction (FA) diagnosis was found to be higher in adults aged >35 years, females, and overweight/obese participants. Additionally, YFAS diagnosis and symptom score was higher in clinical samples compared to non-clinical counterparts. YFAS outcomes were related to a range of other eating behavior measures and anthropometrics. Further research is required to explore YFAS outcomes across a broader spectrum of ages, other types of eating disorders and in conjunction with weight loss interventions to confirm the efficacy of the tool to assess for the presence of FA.
Animal Models for Influenza Viruses: Implications for Universal Vaccine Development
Authors: Margine Irina , Krammer Florian
Published: October 2014

Influenza virus infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the human population. Depending on the virulence of the influenza virus strain, as well as the immunological status of the infected individual, the severity of the respiratory disease may range from sub-clinical or mild symptoms to severe pneumonia that can sometimes lead to death. Vaccines remain the primary public health measure in reducing the influenza burden. Though the first influenza vaccine preparation was licensed more than 60 years ago, current research efforts seek to develop novel vaccination strategies with improved immunogenicity, effectiveness, and breadth of protection. Animal models of influenza have been essential in facilitating studies aimed at understanding viral factors that affect pathogenesis and contribute to disease or transmission. Among others, mice, ferrets, pigs, and nonhuman primates have been used to study influenza virus infection in vivo, as well as to do pre-clinical testing of novel vaccine approaches. Here we discuss and compare the unique advantages and limitations of each model.
Exploration of a Chemo-Mechanical Technique for the Isolation of Nanofibrillated Cellulosic Fiber from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch as a Reinforcing Agent in Composites Materials
Authors: Fatah Ireana , Khalil H. , Hossain Md. , Aziz Astimar , Davoudpour Yalda , Dungani Rudi , Bhat Amir
Published: October 2014

The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of sulphuric acid hydrolysis and high-pressure homogenization as an effective chemo-mechanical process for the isolation of quality nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). The cellulosic fiber was isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) using acid hydrolysis methods and, subsequently, homogenized using a high-pressure homogenizer to produce NFC. The structural analysis and the crystallinity of the raw fiber and extracted cellulose were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology and thermal stability were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, respectively. The FTIR results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed effectively from the extracted cellulose nanofibrils. XRD analysis revealed that the percentage of crystallinity was increased from raw EFB to microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), but the decrease for NFC might due to a break down the hydrogen bond. The size of the NFC was determined within the 5 to 10 nm. The TGA analysis showed that the isolated NFC had high thermal stability. The finding of present study reveals that combination of sulphuric acid hydrolysis and high-pressure homogenization could be an effective chemo-mechanical process to isolate cellulose nanofibers from cellulosic plant fiber for reinforced composite materials.
Application of a Remote Sensing Method for Estimating Monthly Blue Water Evapotranspiration in Irrigated Agriculture
Authors: Romaguera Mireia , Krol Maarten , Salama Mhd. , Su Zhongbo , Hoekstra Arjen
Published: October 2014

In this paper we show the potential of combining actual evapotranspiration (ETactual) series obtained from remote sensing and land surface modelling, to monitor community practice in irrigation at a monthly scale. This study estimates blue water evapotranspiration (ETb) in irrigated agriculture in two study areas: the Horn of Africa (2010–2012) and the province of Sichuan (China) (2001–2010). Both areas were affected by a drought event during the period of analysis, but are different in terms of water control and storage infrastructure. The monthly ETb results were separated by water source—surface water, groundwater or conjunctive use—based on the Global Irrigated Area Map and were analyzed per country/province. The preliminary results show that the temporal signature of the total ETb allows seasonal patterns to be distinguished within a year and inter-annual ETb dynamics. In Ethiopia, ETb decreased during the dry year, which suggests that less irrigation water was applied. Moreover, an increase of groundwater use was observed at the expense of surface water use. In Sichuan province, ETb in the dry year was of similar magnitude to the previous years or increased, especially in the month of August, which points to a higher amount of irrigation water used. This could be explained by the existence of infrastructure for water storage and water availability, in particular surface water. The application presented in this paper is innovative and has the potential to assess the existence of irrigation, the source of irrigation water, the duration and variability in time, at pixel and country scales, and is especially useful to monitor irrigation practice during periods of drought.
Slope Estimation from ICESat/GLAS
Authors: Mahoney Craig , Kljun Natascha , Los Sietse , Chasmer Laura , Hacker Jorg , Hopkinson Christopher , North Peter , Rosette Jacqueline , Van Gorsel Eva
Published: October 2014

We present a novel technique to infer ground slope angle from waveform LiDAR, known as the independent slope method (ISM). The technique is applied to large footprint waveforms (\(\sim\) mean diameter) from the Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) to produce a slope dataset of near-global coverage at \(0.5^{\circ} \times 0.5^{\circ}\) resolution. ISM slope estimates are compared against high resolution airborne LiDAR slope measurements for nine sites across three continents. ISM slope estimates compare better with the aircraft data (R\(^{2}=0.87\) and RMSE\(=5.16^{\circ}\)) than the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Digital Elevation Model (SRTM DEM) inferred slopes (R\(^{2}=0.71\) and RMSE\(=8.69^{\circ}\)) ISM slope estimates are concurrent with GLAS waveforms and can be used to correct biophysical parameters, such as tree height and biomass. They can also be fused with other DEMs, such as SRTM, to improve slope estimates.
The Uncertainty of Plot-Scale Forest Height Estimates from Complementary Spaceborne Observations in the Taiga-Tundra Ecotone
Authors: Montesano Paul , Sun Guoqing , Dubayah Ralph , Ranson Kenneth
Published: October 2014

Satellite-based estimates of vegetation structure capture broad-scale vegetation characteristics as well as differences in vegetation structure at plot-scales. Active remote sensing from laser altimetry and radar systems is regularly used to measure vegetation height and infer vegetation structural attributes, however, the current uncertainty of their spaceborne measurements is likely to mask actual plot-scale differences in vertical structures in sparse forests. In the taiga (boreal forest)—tundra ecotone (TTE) the accumulated effect of subtle plot-scale differences in vegetation height across broad-scales may be significant. This paper examines the uncertainty of plot-scale forest canopy height measurements in northern Siberia Larix stands by combining complementary canopy surface elevations derived from satellite photogrammetry and ground elevations derived from the Geosciences Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) from the ICESat-1 satellite. With a linear model, spaceborne-derived canopy height measurements at the plot-scale predicted TTE stand height ~5 m–~10 m tall (R2 = 0.55, bootstrapped 95% confidence interval of R2 = 0.36–0.74) with an uncertainty ranging from ±0.86 m–1.37 m. A larger sample may mitigate the broad uncertainty of the model fit, however, the methodology provides a means for capturing plot-scale canopy height and its uncertainty from spaceborne data at GLAS footprints in sparse TTE forests and may serve as a basis for scaling up plot-level TTE vegetation height measurements to forest patches.
Efficacy of Active Carbon towards the Absorption of Deoxynivalenol in Pigs
Authors: Devreese Mathias , Antonissen Gunther , De Backer Patrick , Croubels Siska
Published: October 2014

In order to assess the in vivo efficacy of mycotoxin binders, specific toxicokinetic parameters should be measured according to European guidelines. For this purpose, an absorption model in pigs is described with emphasis on absorption kinetics. Pigs received a single oral bolus of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol alone or in combination with active carbon (applied as mycotoxin binder). After administration of deoxynivalenol alone, significant plasma amounts of deoxynivalenol were detected and kinetic parameters were calculated using a one compartmental model. Activated carbon completely prevented the absorption of deoxynivalenol as no plasma amounts could be detected.
Development and Validation of a Multiplex Reverse Transcription PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Three Papaya Viruses
Authors: Tuo Decai , Shen Wentao , Yang Yong , Yan Pu , Li Xiaoying , Zhou Peng
Published: October 2014

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), Papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV), and Papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) produce similar symptoms in papaya. Each threatens commercial production of papaya on Hainan Island, China. In this study, a multiplex reverse transcription PCR assay was developed to detect simultaneously these three viruses by screening combinations of mixed primer pairs and optimizing the multiplex RT-PCR reaction conditions. A mixture of three specific primer pairs was used to amplify three distinct fragments of 613 bp from the P3 gene of PRSV, 355 bp from the CP gene of PLDMV, and 205 bp from the CP gene of PapMV, demonstrating the assay’s specificity. The sensitivity of the multiplex RT-PCR was evaluated by showing plasmids containing each of the viral target genes with 1.44 × 103, 1.79 × 103, and 1.91 × 102 copies for the three viruses could be detected successfully. The multiplex RT-PCR was applied successfully for detection of three viruses from 341 field samples collected from 18 counties of Hainan Island, China. Rates of single infections were 186/341 (54.5%), 93/341 (27.3%), and 3/341 (0.9%), for PRSV, PLDMV, and PapMV, respectively; 59/341 (17.3%) of the samples were co-infected with PRSV and PLDMV, which is the first time being reported in Hainan Island. This multiplex RT-PCR assay is a simple, rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective method for detecting multiple viruses in papaya and can be used for routine molecular diagnosis and epidemiological studies in papaya.
Modeling Flood Inundation Induced by River Flow and Storm Surges over a River Basin
Authors: Chen Wei-Bo , Liu Wen-Cheng
Published: October 2014

Low-lying coastal regions and their populations are at risk during storm surge events and high freshwater discharges from upriver. An integrated storm surge and flood inundation modeling system was used to simulate storm surge and inundation in the Tsengwen River basin and the adjacent coastal area in southern Taiwan. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model with an unstructured grid was used, which was driven by the tidal elevation at the open boundaries and freshwater discharge at the upriver boundary. The model was validated against the observed water levels for three typhoon events. The simulation results for the model were in reasonable agreement with the observational data. The model was then applied to investigate the effects of a storm surge, freshwater discharge, and a storm surge combined with freshwater discharge during an extreme typhoon event. The super Typhoon Haiyan (2013) was artificially shifted to hit Taiwan: the modeling results showed that the inundation area and depth would cause severe overbank flow and coastal flooding for a 200 year return period flow. A high-resolution grid model is essential for the accurate simulation of storm surges and inundation.
La dimension territoriale de la séparation sociale dans les «gated communities» en Californie du Sud
Authors: Le Goix Renaud
Published: October 2014

La dimension territoriale de la séparation sociale dans les «gated communities» en Californie du Sud — R. Le Goix.

Les gated communities, quartiers enclos et sécurisés interdits aux non-résidents représentent une part croissante des lotissements neufs. La fermeture physique et la sélection sociale qui président à ces produits immobiliers posent des problèmes inédits aux métropoles américaines : elles sont les manifestations de leur morcellement en villes privées, en quête d'une autonomie politique et fiscale préjudiciable à la métropole. L'article montre d'une part comment sont produites les logiques d' enclosure résidentielles dans le droit et dans la pratique. Dans un second temps, sur le terrain de Los Angeles, est étudié l'impact social de ces quartiers sur les municipalités et les voisinages d'appartenance. Il s'agit de mettre en évidence la construction des discontinuités associées à la fermeture. À partir d'une étude des disparités observées au niveau de l'enceinte de gated communities, on démontre l'effet de la fermeture sur les caractéristiques ethniques, sociales et sur l'âge des résidents, et sur la construction de territoires spécifiques.
Les mots du sexe et leurs destins
Authors: Schneider Monique
Published: October 2014

Alors que le terme sexual semble admis comme représentant, dans toutes les langues, de l’adjectif qui se rapporte à la sexualité, le texte du fondateur de la psychanalyse offre d’autres possibilités, parfois déroutantes. Les mots dérivant de racines latines –  sexual, sexuell  – voisinent avec des termes d’origine germanique, dont le plus fréquent est Geschlecht , qui signifie genre, lignée, sexe. Adjectivé, il devient geschlechtlich, terme abondamment présent dans le texte freudien. Une question principale : comment entendre l’insertion du terme schlecht  – apparemment porteur d’un interdit, puisqu’il signifie « mauvais » – dans ce qui désigne le sexuel ? Dans la rencontre clinique avec Élisabeth, la nomination, par Freud, du mouvement amoureux qu’il attribue à la patiente est reçue par elle comme accusation de Schlechtigkeit (vilenie, méchanceté). L’association entre le geschlechtlich (sexuel) et le schlecht (mauvais) est présente dans la formule par laquelle, dans une lettre à Fliess, Freud associe la psychanalyse à schlechte Behandlung (mauvais traitement). À l’inverse, l’absence de suspicion culpabilisante présente dans le terme français « puissance », suspicion qui ferait planer un risque d’érotisme, a pour conséquence de désexualiser ce terme et de le réserver à ce qui concerne le champ social ou financier.
L'intraduisible entre les échos chaleureux et meurtriers d'une même langue
Authors: Altounian Janine
Published: October 2014

Un voyage au pays meurtrier de ses parents rescapés du génocide arménien de 1915 amène l’auteur à expliquer comment le défi de traduire l’intraduisible a motivé son travail dans les deux champs de son activité de traductrice 1 – de Freud, 2 – de ce qui du silence des survivants aux meurtres de masse se transmet à leurs enfants. Pour recueillir et transmettre ce qui reste d’une culture détruite, il faut donc le traduire, tenter de traduire l’intraduisible. La pulsion à traduire naît d’une nécessité à défier paradoxalement l’impossibilité d’une traduction : soit celle à traduire un plaisir – pris à la langue étrangère ignorée de son lecteur ou procuré par l’amour secret des ascendants vécu naguère dans le mutisme –, soit celle à traduire une perte ou une douleur – la perte de la polysémie des mots lors du passage d’une langue-source à la langue-cible, ou la douleur partagée inconsciemment dans l’enfance avec ceux qui ont survécu à la perte de leur pays et de la foi en la vie.
La perte d'influence de la France sur la scène internationale
Authors: de La Sablière Jean-Marc
Published: October 2014

La France a toujours de nombreux atouts. Elle reste une puissance qui compte malgré un affaiblissement de son poids et de son influence liés à la mondialisation et à l’émergence de nouvelles puissances. La crise économique et financière accélère cependant son déclin car la France a du mal à s’adapter. Sa perte de crédibilité récente en Europe est un signe inquiétant. Le déséquilibre du couple franco-allemand affecte sa capacité à bâtir une « Europe puissance ». Or celle-ci est indispensable pour l’avenir de la France et de l’Europe dans le monde. Le redressement est heureusement possible. Il faut aller au-delà des réformes actuellement prévues. Si ce chemin est pris, ce qui suppose que les Français soient rassemblés, la crédibilité de la France et sa capacité d’agir en Europe et à travers l’Europe seront très vite restaurées.
La grande guerre du côté des malgaches quelles perspectives pour des colonisés ?
Authors: Rajaonah Faranirina V.
Published: October 2014

La grande majorité des 46 000 Malgaches, pour la plupart de modestes paysans, partirent au front sous la contrainte, avec cependant l’espoir de récompense. De fait, certains de ces indigènes revendiquèrent la citoyenneté au lendemain d’un conflit décidé par la France, mère Patrie de colonisés qui ont pu quelquefois avoir le sentiment de lutter plutôt pour leur « Terre des ancêtres » où 30 000 revinrent souvent déçus.
Bordeaux, capitale de la mobilisation industrielle (20 septembre 1914)
Authors: Bonin Hubert
Published: October 2014

La mise en œuvre « plan Joffre » en été 1914 déçoit et le ministre de la Guerre Millerand en tire la leçon. Une histoire méconnue se situe à Bordeaux en septembre 1914, quand des experts (officiers supérieurs, patrons d’entreprise, ministre) mettent au point une stratégie de mobilisation industrielle qui constitue une rupture. Il faut reconstituer les causes de cette inflexion militaire, préciser les circonstances, déterminer le rôle joué par certains acteurs clés, et apprécier les effets plus ou moins rapides des choix effectués.
Forces françaises de l'Ouest, forces françaises oubliées ?
Authors: Weiss Stéphane
Published: October 2014

Cet article analyse le paradoxal traitement mémoriel dont font l’objet les Forces françaises de l’Ouest, réunion des volontaires français engagés après septembre 1944 face aux poches allemandes maintenues sur la façade atlantique française : la mémoire collective de ces combattants s’est construite autour d’un sentiment d’oubli, illustré par l’ironique jeu de mots « Forces françaises de l’Ouest = Forces françaises oubliées » attesté dès l’hiver 1944-1945. Dans un premier temps, il est proposé d’étudier les conditions d’émergence de cette expression, entre enjeux militaires et représentations des combattants. Vient ensuite une analyse des conditions de transmission de cette expression jusqu’à nos jours, à travers l’historiographie relative à ces fronts secondaires.
La base de Séno, la France et l'Asie du Sud-Est (1953-1963)
Authors: Le Page Jean-Marc
Published: October 2014

Séno au Laos est une base aéroterrestre mise en place en 1953 au moment où la guerre du Vietnam s’étend à l’Indochine. Après les accords de Genève de juillet 1954 elle devient le principal centre de renseignement français en Asie et une carte diplomatique majeure dans les mains du général de Gaulle. En 1963, la fermeture de la base française symbolise la fin de la présence militaire française en Asie et une nouvelle orientation de sa politique étrangère.
La mobilité de genre à l'épreuve du discours enseignant
Authors: Flamigni Elettra , Pfister Giauque Barbara
Published: October 2014

Cette contribution porte sur la mobilité de genre au sein de la formation professionnelle duale en Suisse, et repose sur une analyse des discours d’enseignant·e·s dans les domaines de la peinture en bâtiment et de la coiffure. La comparaison de leurs propos révèle une dissymétrie certaine quant à la manière dont ils et elles se représentent filles ou garçons ayant effectué un choix de formation atypique du point de vue des normes de genre. Une analyse de contenu détaillée montre comment, par des jeux de différenciation et de hiérarchisation complexes, le phénomène de la mobilité de genre est réinterprété de sorte que les garçons, minoritaires ou non, paraissent toujours comme de meilleurs professionnels.
La perversion de la loi, II
Authors: Morin Isabelle
Published: October 2014

Il s’agit dans ce travail d’explorer l’écart entre transgression de la loi et perversion de la loi. Le sujet pervers, volontiers pédagogue, nous enseigne comment il retourne la loi, puisque, pour lui, la loi et le désir se soutiennent sur une bande de Möbius, ce qui l’empêche de transgresser la loi car manque une coupure. En conséquence, il reste aliéné à une loi féroce qui lui commande de jouir.
Une passe de l'ombre à la lumière
Authors: Casanova Claudine
Published: October 2014

La vérité la plus déconcertante de la passe fut la révélation que, sans renoncer à son analyse, le sujet y avait mis les freins inconscients les plus puissants, que si le chemin avait été si long et tortueux, il en avait eu sa part de responsabilité, et que les mots de résistance et de refoulement prenaient enfin toute leur consistance.
Savoirs des femmes. Médecine traditionnelle et nature (Maurice, Rodrigues, La Réunion)
Authors: Pourchez Laurence
Published: October 2014

Les savoirs des femmes ont longtemps été ignorés des chercheurs, voire niés ou dévalorisés. Cependant, depuis quelques décennies, ils tendent à être reconnus par des organismes internationaux comme la FAO, les Nations unies, la Banque mondiale ou l’Unesco. La connaissance de ces savoirs féminins apparaît en effet fondamentale pour la compréhension des sociétés de la zone sud, qu’elles soient, ou non, considérées comme industrialisées ou en voie de développement.
Le rôle des sages-femmes, une comparaison. France-Angleterre
Authors: Richard-Guerroudj Nour
Published: October 2014

Alors que la surmédicalisation de la naissance s’avère iatrogène, l’approche médicale obstétricale est remise en cause. Questionner le rôle des sages-femmes revient à s’interroger sur l’approche des soins en périnatalité. Leur art – la maïeutique – semble en concordance avec une philosophie des soins respectueuse des attentes des patientes et en faveur de la promotion de la physiologie de la naissance. À partir des années 1990, l’Angleterre a tenté de mettre en place un système de soins reposant sur les sages-femmes comme acteur central des soins. La transition anglaise du modèle obstétrical au modèle maïeuticien est toujours en cours. Mais, les deux pays ayant eu une histoire des soins périnataux très proche jusque-là, elle permet une comparaison avec la France, où les sages-femmes et la périnatalité semblent toujours en crise.
Ergonomie prospective et âge : proposition de méthodes nouvelles pour la conception d'un système de maintien à domicile
Authors: Moget Caroline , Bonnardel Nathalie , Galy Édith
Published: October 2014

Cet article s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un projet de conception d’un artefact innovant de maintien à domicile à destination de personnes âgées : le projet MADO. Dans cette perspective, nous décrivons et analysons différentes méthodes qui nous semblent utiles pour ce projet de conception et nous présentons des études antérieures qui fournissent des suggestions intéressantes. Cette analyse a lieu en amont de la spécification des fonctions du futur artefact et relève donc du champ de l’ergonomie prospective. Elle nous permet de proposer une méthodologie adaptée au projet MADO. Nous prévoyons notamment de faire appel à la créativité des futurs utilisateurs pour faire émerger leurs besoins dans le cadre de réunions en petits groupes. Sur la base à la fois des méthodes et études antérieures présentées et de l’analyse des spécificités du projet MADO, nous proposons et discutons des recommandations pour les démarches et les méthodes en ergonomie prospective.
Karaoké et politique
Authors: Veg Sebastian
Published: October 2014

Résumé À propos de « Plaisirs inconnus » de Jia Zhangke
Exterior Path Relinking for Zero-One Optimization
Authors: Glover Fred
Published: October 2014

Path relinking (PR) maintains a reference set of elite and diverse solutions, and generates new solutions between and beyond initiating and guiding solutions selected from this set as a foundation for an evolutionary solution process. However, in spite of the widespread application of path relinking in combinatorial optimization, almost all PR implementations only consider the between-form of PR. This note discusses the beyond-form of path relinking, which is called Exterior Path Relinking, and focuses on its relevance for diversification strategies in binary optimization. Finally, this work also observes how to combine the Exterior (beyond) and Interior (between) forms of path relinking.
Leafcutter Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Feature Subset Selection on Classifying Digital Mammograms
Authors: Mohideen Abubacker Kaja , Thangavel Kuttiannan
Published: October 2014

Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) has been applied in wide range of applications. In ACO, for every iteration the entire problem space is considered for the solution construction using the probability of the pheromone deposits. After convergence, the global solution is made with the path which has highest pheromone deposit. In this paper, a novel solution construction technique has been proposed to reduce the time complexity and to improve the performance of the ACO. The idea is derived from the behavior of a special ant species called ‘Leafcutter Ants', they spend much of their time for cutting leaves to make fertilizer to gardens in which they grow the fungi that they eat. This behavior is incorporated with the general ACO algorithm to propose a novel feature selection method called ‘Leafcutter Ant Colony Optimization' (LACO) algorithm. The LACO has been applied to select the relevant features for digital mammograms and their corresponding classification performance is studied and compared.
The Relationship between Metaheuristics Stopping Criteria and Performances
Authors: Sidi Mohamed-Mahmoud Ould , Quilot-Turion Bénédicte , Kadrani Abdeslam , Génard Michel , Lescourret Françoise
Published: October 2014

A major difficulty in the use of metaheuristics (i.e. evolutionary and particle swarm algorithms) to deal with multi-objective optimization problems is the choice of a convenient point at which to stop computation. Indeed, it is difficult to find the best compromise between the stopping criterion and the algorithm performance. This paper addresses this issue using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) and the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization with Crowding Distance (MOPSO-CD) for the model-based design of sustainable peach fruits. The optimization problem of interest contains three objectives: maximize fruit fresh mass, maximize fruit sugar content, and minimize the crack density on the fruit skin. This last objective targets a reduction in the use of fungicides and can thus enhance preservation of the environment and human health. Two versions of the NSGA-II and two of the MOPSO-CD were applied to tackle this difficult optimization problem: the original versions with a maximum number of generations used as stopping criterion and modified versions using the stopping criterion proposed by the authors of (Roudenko & Schoenauer, 2004). This second stopping criterion is based on the stabilization of the maximal crowding distance and aims to stop computation when many generations are performed without further improvement in the quality of the solutions. A benchmark consisting of four plant management scenarios has been used to compare the performances of the original versions (OV) and the modified versions (MV) of the NSGA-II and the MOPSO-CD. Twelve independent simulations were performed for each version and for each scenario, and a high number of generations were generated for the OV (e.g., 1500 for the NSGA-II and 200 for the MOPSO-CD). This paper compares the performances of the two versions of both algorithms using four standard metrics and statistical tests. For both algorithms, the MV obtained solutions similar in quality to those of the OV but after significantly fewer generations. The resulting reduction in computational time for the optimization step will provide opportunities for further studies on the sustainability of peach ideotypes.
Research on Optimal Economic Benefit of a Micro-Grid with Area Small Hydropower and New Energy Complementary
Authors: Sun Guo Cheng , Xu Zai De , Yang Lan Ying , Ma Hong Zhong
Published: October 2014

Wind power generation technology has become increasingly mature. Recently, the micro-grid with area small hydropower and new energy complementary is put forward. Take the hybrid wind-hydro power system as an example. The complementary micro-grid mainly consists of small hydropower group, wind power and energy storage devices. In this way, not only is the stability improved, but also the operational benefit is maximized. The paper sets forth the complementary system from the following aspects. First, based on fully knowing of the operation of the wind power and the hydro power, combine the knowledge of the micro grid and the energy storage technique and design the structure of the hybrid wind-hydro complementary generation system (HWCGS). At the same time, analyze the distinguishing complementary features of the wind power and the hydropower. In order to improve the stability, connect the micro grid with the power grid. Second, build up the equivalent model of the complementary system. In the end, evaluate the comprehensive optimization to build up the model under the optimal economic benefit.
The Diagnostics System for Power Transmission Lines of 6/10 kV
Authors: Shagiev Rinat Ildarovich , Karpov Arkadi Vasilyevich , Kalabanov Sergei Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2014

The article describes the diagnostics system of the power transmission lines of 6/10 kVolts on the basis of smart electric modems. It shows the description of the smart electric modem and the creation principle of the diagnostics system. The main feature here is the use of power transformers as coupling devices with a high-voltage power line.
Speed Control System Research on Hydraulic Torque Forklift
Authors: Li Ye Ni , Chen Shui Xuan , Xu Hu Xiu
Published: October 2014

By researching the characteristics of hydraulic torque forklifts, developed a device which achieved inching function. It can detect position of the handle, using Delta PLC controlled stepper motor driven screw movement, to achieve the control of the engine speed, and modify the control parameters via touch-screen on-site commissioning, to achieve a truck at idle operation, through the manipulation of the handle can Smooth and stable pan, lift or tilt operation, making operation more convenient forklift and reduces the operator's labor intensity, a high value market applications.
Investigation of Threading Building Blocks Framework on Real Time Visual Object Tracking Algorithm
Authors: Ang M.C. , Sundararajan Elankovan , Ng K.W. , Aghamohammadi Amirhossein , Lim T.L.
Published: October 2014

Object tracking plays important roles in various applications such as surveillance, search and rescue, augmented reality and robotics. This paper presents an investigation on multi-threading framework capability for color-based object tracking applications. A multi-threading framework based on Threading Building Blocks (TBB) was implemented on a multi-core system to enhance the image processing performance on a real-time visual object tracking algorithm. Intel Parallel Studio was used to implement this parallel framework. The performance between sequential and multi-threading framework was evaluated and compared. We demonstrated the multi-threading framework was approximately two times faster when compared to the sequential framework in our experiments.
Facial Prediction and Recognition Using Wavelets Transform Algorithm and Technique
Authors: Paul Okuwobi Idowu , Lu Yong Hua
Published: October 2014

An efficient facial representation is a crucial step for successful and effective performance of cognitive tasks such as object recognition, fixation, facial recognition system, etc. This paper demonstrates the use of Gabor wavelets transform for efficient facial representation and recognition. Facial recognition is influenced by several factors such as shape, reflectance, pose, occlusion and illumination which make it even more difficult. Gabor wavelet transform is used for facial features vector construction due to its powerful representation of the behavior of receptive fields in human visual system (HVS). The method is based on selecting peaks (high-energized points) of the Gabor wavelet responses as feature points. This paper work introduces the use of Gabor wavelets transform for efficient facial representation and recognition. Compare to predefined graph nodes of elastic graph matching, the approach used in this paper has better representative capability for Gabor wavelets transform. The feature points are automatically extracted using the local characteristics of each individual face in order to decrease the effect of occluded features. Based on the experiment, the proposed method performs better compared to the graph matching and eigenface based methods. The feature points are automatically extracted using the local characteristics of each individual face in order to decrease the effect of occluded features. The proposed system is validated using four different face databases of ORL, FERRET, Purdue and Stirling database.