bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Covariant Quantum Combinatorics with Applications to Zero-Error Communication
Authors: Verdon Dominic
Published: February 2024

We develop the theory of quantum (a.k.a. noncommutative) relations and quantum (a.k.a. noncommutative) graphs in the finite-dimensional covariant setting, where all systems (finite-dimensional $$C^*$$

C
∗

-algebras) carry an action of a compact quantum group G, and all channels (completely positive maps preserving a certain G-invariant functional) are covariant with respect to the G-actions. We motivate our definitions by applications to zero-error quantum communication theory with a symmetry constraint. Some key results are the following: (1) We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a covariant quantum relation to be the underlying relation of a covariant channel. (2) We show that every quantum confusability graph with a G-action (which we call a quantum G-graph) arises as the confusability graph of a covariant channel. (3) We show that a covariant channel is reversible precisely when its confusability G-graph is discrete. (4) When G is quasitriangular (this includes all compact groups), we show that covariant zero-error source-channel coding schemes are classified by covariant homomorphisms between confusability G-graphs.
Re-evaluation of dietary interventions in rheumatoid arthritis: can we improve patient conversations around food choices?
Authors: Sharma Prakriti , Brown Shannon , Sokoya Elke M.
Published: February 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of over 100 different types of autoimmune conditions. In RA, the cells of the immune system attack the tissue lining the joints, triggering inflammation. A large body of research suggests that the underlying trigger(s) of RA are unique to an individual. For example, increased risk of RA can be driven by smoking tobacco in one individual and mercury exposure in another. Due to the development of next-generation sequencing technology, the critical role of the microbiota in shaping RA risk has been elucidated. Therefore, it is surprising that diet, arguably the most important lever in shaping the gut microbiota, is ineffective in the treatment of RA, even in a sub-set of patients. To attempt to rationalise this apparent paradox, we conducted an umbrella review to address the question as to whether diet can affect outcomes in RA.
The prepontine block and its relevance for the development and treatment of hydrocephalus
Authors: Richetta Carla , Shiran Shelly I. , Constantini Shlomi , Roth Jonathan
Published: February 2024

Objective

Pulsatile CSF flow patterns include flow through the ventricles to the subarachnoid space and cisterns and from the infra- to the supratentorial subarachnoid space. In this study, we demonstrate how an obstruction at the level of the prepontine space may lead to obstructive hydrocephalus with specific radiological characteristics, as well as the implications for treatment options.

Methods

We retrospectively collected data of patients who underwent surgery between February 2010 and December 2022 for hydrocephalus secondary to a suspected prepontine block. One additional patient diagnosed with prepontine block who did not undergo surgery was also included. We excluded patients with a background of previous unrelated neurosurgical procedures or CNS infections.

Results

Six children and two adults were included. Three presented with hydrocephalus on imaging, without any other underlying pathology. Five had a suprasellar arachnoid cyst, with its lower border abating the pons and occluding the spinal subarachnoid space (SAS). All cases had an open aqueduct on T2 sagittal sequences, as well as an infracerebellar or retrocerebellar CSF collection. In most cases, a horizontal web was identified in the prepontine region. Seven cases were treated with an endoscopic fenestration. One patient subsequently underwent a shunt surgery. All the operated children reached normal developmental milestones after surgery.

Conclusions

This paper describes a rather small series of cases where clear obstruction was observed at the level of the prepontine subarachnoid space. We believe this anatomical subtlety adds to a better understanding of CSF pathways and the role of ETV in treating hydrocephalus, focusing on a small subgroup of patients without a clear obstruction.
Victims of drug facilitated sexual assault aged 13-24: a cross sectional study on the pool of users of a sexual violence relief centre in Northern Italy
Authors: Simonaggio Cinzia , Rubini Elena , Facci Giulia , Castagna Paola , Canavese Antonella , Scotti Lorenza , Gino Sarah
Published: February 2024

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the association between drugs and alcohol intake and sexual abuse in adolescents, otherwise defined as Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault (DFSA). We considered the survivors who accessed care at the Centre “Soccorso Violenza Sessuale” (SVS – Sexual Violence Relief Centre) in Turin (Italy), between May 2003 and May 2022. We found that 973 patients aged 13–24 among which 228 were victims of DFSA. Epidemiological and anamnestic aspects of the episode of sexual violence were examined, with a specific focus on investigating the alcohol and/or drug intake as reported by the victim, along with the results of the toxicological analysis. the study further accounts for the variations caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on DFSA-related accesses. Our findings show that 23% of adolescents accessing care at SVS were subjected to DFSA. Six out ten adolescents knew their aggressor, at times a partner (10%) oran acquaintance (43%). In 12% of cases violence was perpetrated by a group of people (12%). Almost 90% of young victims described alcohol consumption, while 37% reported drug use at the time of the assault. Alcohol taken alone or in combination with other substances was the most detected drug in our sample throughout the period considered. Given the large use of psychoactive substances among adolescents, it is imperative to implement harm reduction strategies alongside educational activities aimed at fostering awareness about consent. Health personnel should be trained to manage the needs of victims of DFSA clinically and forensically.
Counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses to hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes or without diabetes: the Hypo-RESOLVE hypoglycaemic clamp study
Authors: Fabricius Therese W. , Verhulst Clementine E. M. , Kristensen Peter L. , Holst Jens J. , Tack Cees J. , McCrimmon Rory J. , Heller Simon R. , Evans Mark L. , de Galan Bastiaan E. , Pedersen-Bjergaard Ulrik ,   the Hypo-RESOLVE consortium
Published: February 2024

Aim

The sympathetic nervous and hormonal counterregulatory responses to hypoglycaemia differ between people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and may change along the course of diabetes, but have not been directly compared. We aimed to compare counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses to hypoglycaemia between people with type 1 diabetes, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and controls without diabetes, using a standardised hyperinsulinaemic-hypoglycaemic clamp.

Materials

We included 47 people with type 1 diabetes, 15 with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, and 32 controls without diabetes. Controls were matched according to age and sex to the people with type 1 diabetes or with type 2 diabetes. All participants underwent a hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic-(5.2 ± 0.4 mmol/L)-hypoglycaemic-(2.8 ± 0.13 mmol/L)-clamp.

Results

The glucagon response was lower in people with type 1 diabetes (9.4 ± 0.8 pmol/L, 8.0 [7.0–10.0]) compared to type 2 diabetes (23.7 ± 3.7 pmol/L, 18.0 [12.0–28.0], p < 0.001) and controls (30.6 ± 4.7, 25.5 [17.8–35.8] pmol/L, p < 0.001). The adrenaline response was lower in type 1 diabetes (1.7 ± 0.2, 1.6 [1.3–5.2] nmol/L) compared to type 2 diabetes (3.4 ± 0.7, 2.6 [1.3–5.2] nmol/L, p = 0.001) and controls (2.7 ± 0.4, 2.8 [1.4–3.9] nmol/L, p = 0.012). Growth hormone was lower in people with type 2 diabetes than in type 1 diabetes, at baseline (3.4 ± 1.6 vs 7.7 ± 1.3 mU/L, p = 0.042) and during hypoglycaemia (24.7 ± 7.1 vs 62.4 ± 5.8 mU/L, p = 0.001). People with 1 diabetes had lower overall symptom responses than people with type 2 diabetes (45.3 ± 2.7 vs 58.7 ± 6.4, p = 0.018), driven by a lower neuroglycopenic score (27.4 ± 1.8 vs 36.7 ± 4.2, p = 0.012).

Conclusion

Acute counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses to experimental hypoglycaemia are lower in people with type 1 diabetes than in those with long-standing insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and controls.
Prevalence of mental disorders among Australian females: Comparison according to motherhood status using Australian birth cohort data
Authors: Sapkota Diksha , Ogilvie James , Dennison Susan , Thompson Carleen , Allard Troy
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Studies examining mental disorders among women have primarily focused on either depression, anxiety, or substance use disorders and not included the broader spectrum of mental disorders. Mixed evidence exists on the prevalence rates of mental disorders among mothers. This study compares the prevalence of different mental disorders and mental comorbidities between mothers and non-mothers and assesses correlates of mental disorders among mothers.

Methods

A population-based birth cohort design was adopted, consisting of 40,416 females born in Queensland, Australia, in 1983/84. Linked administrative data from hospital admissions were used to identify mental disorders. Cumulative incidence curves of different mental disorders were created separately for mothers and non-mothers.

Results

Mental disorder prevalence among females by age 29–31 years was 7.8% (11.0% for mothers and 5.2% for non-mothers). Mothers were overrepresented in almost all categories of mental disorders, with overrepresentation becoming more pronounced with age. Mothers with a mental disorder were more likely to be unmarried, Indigenous, young at birth of first child, have greater disadvantage, and have a single child, compared to mothers without a mental disorder. Nearly half of the mothers (46.9%) had received a mental disorder diagnosis before having their first child.

Conclusions

Mothers, particularly unmarried, Indigenous, having greater disadvantage, and younger at birth of first child, represent a unique group with high vulnerability to mental disorders, that begins in childhood and is amplified with age. Presence of significant mental disorder comorbidities among females highlights the critical importance of a comprehensive, integrated approach to prevent and address multiple comorbidities.
Inhibition of cysteine protease disturbs the topological relationship between bone resorption and formation in vitro
Authors: Ono Sayaka , Tsuji Naoki , Sakamoto Tomoaki , Oguchi Shuya , Nakamura Takashi , Hoshi Kazuto , Hikita Atsuhiko
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Osteoporosis is a global health issue. Bisphosphonates that are commonly used to treat osteoporosis suppress both bone resorption and subsequent bone formation. Inhibition of cathepsin K, a cysteine proteinase secreted by osteoclasts, was reported to suppress bone resorption while preserving or increasing bone formation. Analyses of the different effects of antiresorptive reagents such as bisphosphonates and cysteine proteinase inhibitors will contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying bone remodeling.

Materials and Methods

Our team has developed an in vitro system in which bone remodeling can be temporally observed at the cellular level by 2-photon microscopy. We used this system in the present study to examine the effects of the cysteine proteinase inhibitor E-64 and those of zoledronic acid on bone remodeling.

Results

In the control group, the amount of the reduction and the increase in the matrix were correlated in each region of interest, indicating the topological and quantitative coordination of bone resorption and formation. Parameters for osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and matrix resorption/formation were also correlated. E-64 disrupted the correlation between resorption and formation by potentially inhibiting the emergence of spherical osteoblasts, which are speculated to be reversal cells in the resorption sites.

Conclusion

These new findings help clarify coupling mechanisms and will contribute to the development of new drugs for osteoporosis.
Do maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms predict anxiety in children with and without ADHD at 8 years?
Authors: Ingeborgrud Christine Baalsrud , Oerbeck Beate , Friis Svein , Pripp Are Hugo , Zeiner Pål , Aase Heidi , Biele Guido , Dalsgaard Søren , Overgaard Kristin Romvig
Published: February 2024

Maternal anxiety and depression during pregnancy and early childhood have been associated with child anxiety and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, previous studies are limited by their short follow-up, few assessments of maternal symptoms, and by not including maternal and child ADHD. The present study aimed to fill these gaps by investigating whether maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms from pregnancy to child age 5 years increase the risk of child anxiety disorders at age 8 years. This study is part of the population-based Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. Maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL) six times from pregnancy through early childhood, and ADHD symptoms by the Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS). At age 8 years (n = 781), symptoms of anxiety disorders and ADHD were assessed, and disorders classified by the Child Symptom Inventory-4. Logistic regression models estimated the risk of child anxiety depending on maternal symptoms. The mothers of children classified with an anxiety disorder (n = 91) scored significantly higher on the SCL (at all time points) and ASRS compared with the other mothers. In univariable analyses, maternal anxiety and/or depression and ADHD were associated with increased risk of child anxiety (odds ratios = 2.99 and 3.64, respectively), remaining significant in the multivariable analysis adjusted for covariates. Our findings link maternal anxiety, depression, and ADHD during pregnancy and early childhood to child anxiety at age 8 years.
Real-world experience with meropenem/vaborbactam for the treatment of infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacterales and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Tiseo Giusy , Galfo Valentina , Riccardi Niccolò , Suardi Lorenzo Roberto , Pogliaghi Manuela , Giordano Cesira , Leonildi Alessandro , Barnini Simona , Falcone Marco
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Real-world experience with meropenem/vaborbactam (M/V) is limited. Our aim is to report a clinical experience of M/V in the treatment of resistant Gram-negative bacilli.

Methods

This is a prospective observational study including patients hospitalized in the University Hospital of Pisa (March 2021–Jan 2023) with infections by both extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) treated with M/V. The primary outcome measure was clinical success, defined as a composite of survival, resolution of signs and symptoms and absence of microbiological failure at day 30 from infection onset. A multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with clinical failure. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated.

Results

A total of 104 patients who received M/V were included: 24/104 (23.1%) infections were caused by ESBL non-hypervirulent Enterobacterales, 17/104 (16.3%) by ESBL-producing hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) and 63/104 (60.6%) by CRE. The most common infections were bloodstream infections, followed by urinary tract infections, hospital-acquired pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections and others. Septic shock occurred in 16/104 (15.4%) patients. Clinical success was achieved in 77% of patients, and 30-day mortality rate was 15.4%. In patients with KPC-producing Kp infections, clinical success and 30-day mortality rates were 82% and 11.5%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, SOFA score (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.02–1.7, p=0.032) was independently associated with clinical failure, while source control (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.03–0.89, p=0.036) was protective.

Conclusions

M/V is a promising therapeutic option against infections caused by difficult-to-treat ESBL-producing Enterobacterales and CR-Kp.
Performance improvement of air separation unit for an iron-steel industry using enhanced exergy analysis
Authors: Gürsoy Emrehan , Gedik Engin , Georgiev Aleksandar G. , Keçebaş Ali , Kurt Hüseyin
Published: February 2024

In this study, the thermodynamic performance of a real operating three-stage turbo/centrifugal type main air compressor for the air separation unit in an iron-steel industry was evaluated using both conventional and enhanced exergy analyses. Furthermore, the interaction and the potential for improvement of system components at two different airflow rates, 210,000 Nm3 h−1 and 240,000 Nm3 h−1, were investigated under real operating conditions. The results indicated that the conventional exergy analysis of the system yields efficiency rates of approximately 21.3% and 25.0% for these airflow rates, respectively. It was found that implementing operating conditions proposed by the enhanced exergy analysis could increase the system’s exergy efficiency to about 40.8% and 80.7%, respectively. The primary causes of exergy destruction in the compressor are generally attributed to frictions occurring in the impeller, diffuser, and volute, as well as shock waves and air circulation during the compression process. It was observed that system efficiency could potentially increase to 80.7% with improvements in compressors and pump. The study also determined that enhanced exergy analysis is beneficial for identifying losses in system components and is seen as a tool that complements conventional exergy analysis.
Psychometric properties of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life short form 36 (KDQOL-36) scale for the assessment of quality of life in Colombian patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis
Authors: Valderrama-Rios Martha Carolina , Sánchez Ricardo , Sanabria Mauricio
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Considering the importance of incorporating quality of life (QoL) construct during the health care of patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis, it is necessary to have evidence on the clinimetric properties of the instruments used for its measurement. This study aimed to establish the clinimetric properties of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form 36 (KDQOL-36) scale in patients with stage 5 CKD on dialysis in Colombia.

Methods

A scale validation study was conducted using the classical test theory methodology. The statistical analysis included exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) techniques performed on two independent subsamples; concurrent criterion validity assessments; internal consistency using four different coefficients; test–retest reliability; and sensitivity to change using mixed model for repeated measures.

Results

The KDQOL-36 scale was applied to 506 patients with a diagnosis of stage 5 CKD on dialysis, attended in five renal units in Colombia. The EFA endorsed the three-factor structure of the scale, and the CFA showed an adequate fit of both the original and empirical models. Spearman's correlation coefficient values ≥0.50 were found between the domains of the CKD-specific core of the KDQOL-36 scale and the KDQ. Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, Greatest lower bound (GLB), and Guttman's lambda coefficients were ≥0.89, indicating a high degree of consistency. A high level of concordance correlation was found between the two moments of application of the instrument, with values for Lin's concordance correlation coefficient ≥0.7. The application of the instrument after experiencing an event that could modify the quality of life showed statistically significant differences in the scores obtained.

Conclusion

The KDQOL-36 scale is an adequate instrument for measuring QoL in Colombian patients with stage 5 CKD on dialysis.
Preclinical and clinical aspects of P2X receptors as a common route in different diseases: A meeting report
Authors: Tattersall Luke , Adinolfi Elena , Antonioli Luca , Agrawal Ankita
Published: February 2024

PRESTO was established in 2022 and is a concerted effort by leading European experts in the field of P2XRs and extracellular ATP to promote and advance the transition to the clinic of P2XR-targeting therapies. Following the inaugural meeting in Ferrara which set the foundations of the action and generated interest from many groups and institutes, the second meeting covered the preclinical and clinical aspects of P2XRs as a common route in different diseases, recognising the multidisciplinary and collaborative approach required for a number of medical conditions.
Methodological Breakdown of Potato Peel’s Influence on Starch Digestibility, In Vitro Glycemic Response and Pasting Properties of Potato
Authors: Lal Milan Kumar , Tiwari Rahul Kumar , Kumar Awadhesh , Kumar Ravinder , Kumar Dharmendra , Jaiswal Arvind , Changan Sushil Sudhakar , Dutt Som , Popović-Djordjević Jelena , Singh Brajesh , Simal-Gandara Jesus
Published: February 2024

A Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a major staple food consumed worldwide. Potato peel is an important constituent that is generally discarded and considered agricultural waste before processing or cooking. The present investigation is an attempt to utilize different contents of potato peels (PP) with potato flesh (PF) of processing cultivar (Kufri Chipsona 3) and table cultivar (Kufri Jyoti), which affect starch nutritional profile, glycemic response, and pasting properties. The combination of PP at different concentrations of 5, 10, and 15%, respectively, to PF showed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in starch hydrolysis index (SHI), glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL). Similarly, there was also a significant increase in the resistant starch content of the PP + PF combination. The maximum change in the predicted glycemic response was observed in the PP with 15%. A higher reduction in the in vitro glycemic response was observed in the Kufri Chipsona 3 as compared to Kufri Jyoti. The pasting properties of also showed significant changes with the addition of PP to the PF flour, which might be due to the change in intrinsic properties such as amylose and amylopectin content. The current investigation will help to provide an understanding of the use of PP in the processing industries to prepare low-GI food products.
Lysozyme Peptides as a Novel Nutra-Preservative to Control Some Food Poisoning and Food Spoilage Microorganisms
Authors: Abdou Adham M. , Awad Dina A. B.
Published: February 2024

Foodborne illnesses and microbial food contamination are crucial concerns and still issues of great worldwide concern. Additionally, the serious health hazards associated with the use of chemical preservatives in food technology. Lysozyme (Lz) is an active protein against Gram-positive bacterial cell wall through its muramidase lytic activity; however, several authors could identify some antimicrobial peptides derived from Lz that have an exaggerated and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Therefore, a lysozyme peptides preparation (LzP) is developed to broaden the Lz spectrum. In this work, we investigated the potential efficacy of LzP as a novel Nutra-preservative (food origin) agent against some pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Our results showed that LzP demonstrated only 11% of the lysozyme lytic activity. However, LzP exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Pseudomonas species, while Salmonella typhi and Aeromonas hydrophila exhibited slight resistance. Despite the lowest LzP concentration (0.1%) employed, it performs stronger antibacterial activity than weak organic acids (0.3%). Interestingly, the synergistic multi-component formulation (LzP, glycine, and citric acid) could inhibit 6 log10 cfu/ml of E. coli survival growth. The effect of heat treatment on LzP showed a decrease in its antibacterial activity at 5 and 67% by boiling at 100 °C/30 min, and autoclaving at 121 °C/15 min; respectively. On the other hand, LzP acquired stable antibacterial activity at different pH values (4–7). In conclusion, LzP would be an innovative, natural, and food origin preservative to control the growth of food poisoning and spoilage bacteria in food instead chemical one.
Exploration of cephalexin adsorption mechanisms onto bauxite and palygorskite and regeneration of spent adsorbents with cold plasma bubbling
Authors: Giannoulia S. , Tekerlekopoulou A. G. , Aggelopoulos C. A.
Published: February 2024

The aim of the present study was the direct comparison of two popular minerals, bauxite and palygorskite, as adsorbents for the removal of cephalexin (CPX) from aqueous solutions and the regeneration of the spent adsorbents through cold atmospheric plasma. Batch kinetics and isotherm studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of contact time, initial CPX concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH and temperature. The adsorbents were characterized by ATR-FTIR, N2 sorption, SEM and XRD, while several isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic models were evaluated attempting to shed light on the adsorption mechanisms. CPX adsorption on both adsorbents was better described by Langmuir model, with an adsorption capacity of 112.36 mg/g for palygorskite and 11.79 mg/g for bauxite. Thermodynamics revealed the endothermic and the spontaneous character of the process, indicating chemisorption as the main adsorption mechanism for both adsorbents. The pseudo-second-order and the Elovich models fitted satisfactorily the adsorption onto bauxite, while adsorption onto palygorskite was well presented by Weber–Morris model, indicating that pore diffusion is also involved in the process. The adsorption capacity of both minerals decreased significantly after being used for several adsorption cycles and then almost completely recovered (regeneration efficiency was 99.6% and 98% for palygorskite and bauxite, respectively) inside a novel cold plasma microbubble reactor energized by high-voltage nanopulses, revealing the potential of these adsorbents to be reused. In addition to the regeneration of the adsorbents, the cold plasma completely eliminated the CPX transferred from the solid to the aqueous phase during the regeneration process.
SiO2 and microparticle transport in a saturated porous medium: effects of particle size and flow rate
Authors: Meng Qingling , Shi Fuqiang , Fan Wei , Wen Zhao , Sun Kaicheng , Wang Zijian
Published: February 2024

SiO2 and polystyrene (PS) are carriers of microorganisms and metals in porous media, which can produce changes in groundwater quality and cause issues related to clogging of the porous medium. Although SiO2 and PS particle transport in porous media has been previously studied, what influences transport at various particle sizes and flow rates remains unclear. Here, we looked at how pH and ionic strength affected the surface zeta potentials as well as how particle size and flow rate affected the transport of suspended SiO2/PS particles in a porous media. The results indicate that increasing pH and decreasing ionic strength increased the negative surface charges on both the SiO2 and PS particles, thereby yielding greater electrostatic repulsion between particles. At the same flow rate, the retention rate of 10 μm PS particles in the porous medium was 46.1% better than that of 2 μm particles, whereas the retention rate of 10 μm SiO2 particles was 7.88% better than that of 2 μm particles. For the same particle size, increasing the flow rate decreased SiO2 and PS retention in the porous medium. Thus, particle size and flow rate substantially impact the transport of SiO2 and PS-suspended particles in a porous media.
Nanocomposite hydrogel microneedles: a theranostic toolbox for personalized medicine
Authors: Martins Catarina F. , García-Astrain Clara , Conde João , Liz-Marzán Luis M.
Published: February 2024

Due to the severity and high prevalence of cancer, as well as its complex pathological condition, new strategies for cancer treatment and diagnostics are required. As such, it is important to design a toolbox that integrates multiple functions on a single smart platform. Theranostic hydrogels offer an innovative and personalized method to tackle cancer while also considering patient comfort, thereby facilitating future implementation and translation to the clinic. In terms of theranostic systems used in cancer therapy, nanoparticles are widely used as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Nanoparticles can achieve systemic circulation, evade host defenses, and deliver drugs and signaling agents at the targeted site, to diagnose and treat the disease at a cellular and molecular level. In this context, hydrogel microneedles have a high potential for multifunctional operation in medical devices, while avoiding the complications associated with the systemic delivery of therapeutics. Compared with oral administration and subcutaneous injection, microneedles offer advantages such as better patient compliance, faster onset of action, and improved permeability and efficacy. In addition, they comprise highly biocompatible polymers with excellent degradability and tunable properties. Nanoparticles and microneedles thus offer the possibility to expand the theranostic potential through combined synergistic use of their respective features. We review herein recent advances concerning processing methods and material requirements within the realm of hydrogel microneedles as theranostic platforms, various approaches toward cancer therapy, and the incorporation of nanoparticles for added functionality.

Graphical Abstract
Building Perfectionist Ethics into Action-theoretic Accounts of Function: A Beginner’s Guide
Authors: Wittingslow Ryan Mitchell
Published: February 2024

In her paper “Human Flourishing and Technology Affordances”, Avigail Ferdman argues that our descriptions and analyses of the relationship between digital technology, and the capacities approach to human flourishing, can be enriched by building ‘affordances’ into those descriptions and analyses. This commentary article serves as a supplement to Ferdman’s paper. Here I argue that, in building affordances into the capacities approach, Ferdman has developed the foundations of a method by which perfectionist ethics can be built into action-theoretic accounts of technical function. However, this is possible only if she is willing to expand the ambit of her theory beyond digital technologies and into technology more generally.
A General Materials Data Science Framework for Quantitative 2D Analysis of Particle Growth from Image Sequences
Authors: Nalin Venkat Sameera , Ciardi Thomas G. , Lu Mingjian , DeLeo Preston C. , Augustino Jube , Goodman Adam , Jimenez Jayvic Cristian , Mondal Anirban , Ernst Frank , Orme Christine A. , Wu Yinghui , French Roger H. , Bruckman Laura S.
Published: February 2024

Phase transformations are a challenging problem in materials science, which lead to changes in properties and may impact performance of material systems in various applications. We introduce a general framework for the analysis of particle growth kinetics by utilizing concepts from machine learning and graph theory. As a model system, we use image sequences of atomic force microscopy showing the crystallization of an amorphous fluoroelastomer film. To identify crystalline particles in an amorphous matrix and track the temporal evolution of the particle dispersion, we have developed quantitative methods of 2D analysis. 700 image sequences were analyzed using a neural network architecture, achieving 0.97 pixel-wise classification accuracy as a measure of the correctly classified pixels. The growth kinetics of isolated and impinged particles were tracked throughout time using these image sequences. The relationship between image sequences and spatiotemporal graph representations was explored to identify the proximity of crystallites from each other. The framework enables the analysis of all image sequences without the requirement of sampling for specific particles or timesteps for various materials systems.
Growing Medical Educators from Medical Students by Supporting Self-directing Learning Opportunities Born Out of Cadaveric Dissection
Authors: Kuo Ian , Hunt Bradley , Doyle David , Fakhoury Patrick , Ha Hyungee , Garmo Lucas , Cardwell Marian , Gillenkirk Aleah , Ridge Emily , Ren Tom , Sirhan Nicholas , Ireland Nicole , Fegan Taylor , McCollum Katherine , Timmerman Kiara , Root Kyle , Klukkert Zachary S. , Pandey Jyotsna
Published: February 2024

This study focuses on a subset of medical students who participated in an anatomy dissection program and undertook an additional self-directed learning (SDL) project investigating incidental findings of cadaveric pathology. The value of SDL activity is explored as a means of enhancing medical student education, particularly its student perceived value in preparing and developing them as future medical educators. It was assessed whether the project advanced student interest in medical education by analyzing their motivations for participation. The results of the study highlight the potential of SDL as an experiential learning opportunity for medical students and the role of anatomic pathology in connecting multiple domains of medical education.
An experiment in the role of identity in fostering coordination
Authors: Aldama Abraham , Draganoff Daniel , Pahwa Gantavya
Published: February 2024

Coordination problems arise in many economic, political, and social situations. Many times, authorities and institutions are created to solve these coordination problems. However, the success of these institutions depends on whether people are willing to follow their prescriptions. Using a behavioral experiment on Amazon Mechanical Turk we analyze whether an authority can aid in solving hawk-dove coordination games and whether its success depends on a shared identity by the players. The authority is represented in our experiment by a randomizing device that recommends actions to players to implement a socially efficient correlated equilibrium. In the game, players are better off following the recommendations if they believe others will do as well. We investigate whether people are more likely to follow recommendations when they have a shared identity. We find that the device's success is not driven by group membership, but rather by the content of its recommendations.
Performance prediction of roadheaders used in coal mines from the needle penetration index and the schmidt hammer value
Authors: Rostami Masoud , Kahraman Sair , Dibavar Behnaz , Fener Mustafa
Published: February 2024

Coal mine galleries and construction tunnels are commonly excavated using roadheaders. Estimating the performance of roadheaders is crucial for planning and cost estimation when planning tunnel or tunnel projects. The aim of this study is to derive generalized performance prediction models including Schmidt hammer value, needle penetration index, and volumetric joint count for roadheaders used in coal mines. The performance measurements of axial and transverse type roadheaders were carried out in six different coal mines. Schmidt hammer tests, needle penetration index tests, and of volumetric joint count measurements were also performed at the locations where the performance measurements were conducted. The extensive data were evaluated using multiple linear and nonlinear regression analysis. The developed formulas were evaluated using statistical tests. The Equations that include the Schmidt hammer value or needle penetration index value in addition to cutter head power have been shown to be unreliable. However, the equations that include Schmidt hammer value or needle penetration index value in addition to cutterhead power and volumetric joint count have been shown to be reliable. This study concludes that the developed reliable equations can be used for the performance assessment of roadheaders used in coal mines.
Investigation of the effects of titanium oxide concentration on the sinterability, microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties, in vitro bioactivity, and cell culture behavior of chicken-derived hydroxyapatite
Authors: Gökçe Hasan
Published: February 2024

This study focuses on how titanium oxide (TiO2) in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 4% by weight added the hydroxyapatite (CHA) made from chicken femur bones’, affects sinterability, microstructural, mechanical, and in vitro bioactivity properties. According to the results of the experiments, it was determined that CHA decomposed into whitlockite, alpha tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP), tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP), and calcium oxide (CaO) phases at different temperatures. Rutile and perovskite (CaTiO3) phases were also found in TiO2 added CHAs in addition to these phases. With increasing sintering temperature of CHA, the diameters and the heights of the samples decreased. Density increased up to 1250 °C and decreased at 1300 °C respectively. while the partial density value showed similar behavior with density and hardness, At 1200 °C, the maximum values of fracture toughness (1.071 MPam1/2) and compressive strength (145.417 MPa) were attained; however, as sintering temperatures increased, these values shifted downward to 0.882 MPam1/2 and 111.096 MPa, respectively. It has been determined that grain growth and decomposition are the underlying factors in obtaining the highest density, hardness, fracture toughness and compressive strength values for CHA at different temperatures. Among the TiO2 added CHAs, the best properties are obtained for CHA-0.5TiO2 sintered at 1300 °C (Density: 3.0057 g/cm3, Hardness: 3.973 GPa, Fracture toughness: 1.583 MPam1/2 and Compressive strength: 170.045 MPa) and the properties of the CHA-TiO2 composite decreased with increasing TiO2 ratio. This is due to the fact that increasing TiO2 has a detrimental impact on CHA’s sinterability behavior and causes it to become more porous and degrade more quickly. It was discovered through in vitro bioactivity and cell culture assays that the addition of TiO2 had a detrimental impact on the proliferation of bone tissues.
Albanian Cinema through the Fall of Communism
Authors: Williams Bruce
Published: February 2024

Albanian cinema truly represents a terra incognita for most of the world. Decidedly Europe's most isolated country during the Cold War era, communist Albania had already been cut off from the West for centuries as a one of the western-most outposts of the Ottoman empire. Nonetheless, and unknown to most of the world, communist Albania had a vibrant cinema tradition. Although bound by official orthodoxy, the films of the state-run Kinostudio enterprise were surprisingly innovative and, at times, daringly subversive. This book opens with examinations of moving images in Albania from the Ottoman period, through those captured under independence and the Fascist occupation. It subsequently foregrounds transformations in Kinostudio, from the early optimism of socialist realism through the brooding social angst of the 1980s, which constitute a bridge to the socioeconomic concerns of Albanian films of the postcommunist period.
Documentary Industrial Novels and the Sociology of Work in the Twentieth Century
Authors: de Gier Erik
Published: February 2024

In several European countries, the United States, and the Soviet Union, remarkable industrial novels based on empirical observations were written between 1900 and 1970. With two successive world wars and the rise of communism and fascism, this was an exceptionally turbulent time in the history of industrial capitalism as Taylorism and Fordism sought to increase production and consumption. This social landscape shaped modernist industrial novels. Key themes in these novels were class conflict, bad working conditions, worker alienation, changing workmen and employee cultures, urbanization, and worker migration. The primary goal was to document and publicize the real developments of working conditions in factories and offices, often aiming to influence both company welfare work and state social policies. This book focuses on the modernist industrial novel as written in five large industrial nations: the United States before WWII, the Stalinist Soviet Union, Weimar Germany, post-WWII Italy, and France.
Research Trends in University Rankings: A Scoping Review of the Top 100 Most Cited Articles in Academic Journals from 2017 to 2021
Authors: Ayhan İrfan
Published: February 2024

The objective of this research is to perform a comprehensive evaluation of the top 100 articles concerning university rankings, with the highest number of citations, which were published in academic journals during a period of five years, specifically from 2017 to 2021. This article adheres to the guidelines established by the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. The selection of the 100 most frequently cited articles on the subject of university rankings is carried out by initially identifying 684 articles and subsequently screening 537 of them. Through an examination of these articles, the prevailing research domains, methodologies, samples, data collection instruments, data analysis techniques, focused variables, and keywords are determined. The abstracts of these articles are subjected to content analysis, resulting in the identification of five key themes: rankings, methodology, analysis, approach, and education. This investigation stands out as one of the pioneering studies in the field of research articles on university rankings. By delineating the boundaries of such studies, it aims to illuminate the path for future researchers by highlighting the existing gaps in the current literature and areas that warrant further exploration.
Germination responses of the invasive hedge cactus (Cereus uruguayanus) to environmental factors
Authors: Panetta F. Dane , Campbell Shane , Brooks Simon , Brazier Dannielle , Chauhan Bhagirath Singh
Published: February 2024

Hedge cactus (Cereus uruguayanus R. Kiesling; syn.: Cereus hildmannianus K. Schum.) is a columnar cactus that was introduced to Australia as an ornamental plant and has since become invasive in subhumid regions of Queensland and New South Wales. Compared with its congener, queen of the night (Cereus jamacaru DC.), which is currently invasive in both eastern and southern Africa, information on seed biology of C. uruguayanus is lacking. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of alternating day/night temperature, salt stress, water stress, and burial depth on germination and seedling emergence of four seed accessions of C. uruguayanus. Seeds were also subjected to a controlled aging test (CAT) to obtain an estimate of potential persistence under field conditions. The optimum temperature regime for germination of all accessions was 30/20 C. Germination decreased with an increase in sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration, but germination of all accessions (range 26% to 81%) occurred at 160 mM NaCl, indicating very high salt tolerance. Seed germination gradually decreased with an increase in water stress, but germination in all accessions (range 19% to 47%) occurred at −0.8 MPa. Seed viability and dormancy status were unaffected by exposure to salt level (320 mM NaCl) and water (−1.6 MPa) stress under which germination did not occur. Germination responses to all three factors were generally similar to those documented for C. jamacaru. The emergence of C. uruguayanus decreased with an increase in seed burial depth. The highest emergence (43%) was recorded for surface-sown seeds, and emergence was reduced to 0 at a burial depth of 2 cm. CAT results for two seed accessions indicated that seeds of C. uruguayanus are likely to demonstrate extended (>3 yr) persistence under field conditions, a prediction that is supported by evidence that germination of its small (2-mm) seeds is markedly reduced by burial.
Field Observations of Hydrostatic Pressure Deviations in a Nearshore Sediment Bed
Authors: Marry Melissa , Foster Diane
Published: February 2024

Momentary liquefaction (ML), an instantaneous loss of effective stress between individual sand grains, is caused by the upward vertical pressure gradient of the excess pore‐water pressure in the sediment during the passage of a wave. Few field experiments have provided detailed observations of vertical pressure gradients within a sediment bed. Here, a novel autonomous pressure‐profiling instrument, the Pressure Stick, was deployed in the surf zone of an ocean beach in Rye, New Hampshire. The Pressure Stick has eight time‐synced absolute pressure sensors distributed over a 70 cm distance to measure absolute pressure in the water column and in the sediment bed. The absence of direct measurements of the sediment‐water interface location and sediment porosity limit direct observations of ML but allow for an examination of the hydrostatic pressure deviations. Observed upward vertical pressure head gradients within the sediment exceed the assumed effective weight of the sediment. Exceedances of two ML thresholds are observed within 16 cm of the sediment‐water interface and consistently occur at the onset of steeper and larger wave crests. Individual waves are characterized with an approximation of the Sleath parameter and the depth normalized wave height. The ML thresholds are exceeded 1%–40% of the time when the Sleath parameter is greater than 0.1 and 1%–33% of the time when the depth normalized wave height is greater than 0.4. These results suggest that wave steepness and nonlinearity may be necessary to induce large vertical pressure gradients that substantially deviate from hydrostatic pressure.
Versatile photonic molecule switch in multimode microresonators
Authors: Tao Zihan , Shen Bitao , Li Wencan , Xing Luwen , Wang Haoyu , Wu Yichen , Tao Yuansheng , Zhou Yan , He Yandong , Peng Chao , Shu Haowen , Wang Xingjun
Published: February 2024

Harnessing optical supermode interaction to construct artificial photonic molecules has uncovered a series of fundamental optical phenomena analogous to atomic physics. Previously, the distinct energy levels and interactions in such two-level systems were provided by coupled microresonators. The reconfigurability is limited, as they often require delicate external field stimuli or mechanically altering the geometric factors. These highly specific approaches also limit potential applications. Here, we propose a versatile on-chip photonic molecule in a multimode microring, utilizing a flexible regulation methodology to dynamically control the existence and interaction strength of spatial modes. The transition between single/multi-mode states enables the “switched-off/on” functionality of the photonic molecule, supporting wider generalized applications scenarios. In particular, “switched-on” state shows flexible and multidimensional mode splitting control in aspects of both coupling strength and phase difference, equivalent to the a.c. and d.c. Stark effect. “Switched-off” state allows for perfect low-loss single-mode transition (Qi~ 10 million) under an ultra-compact bend size (FSR ~ 115 GHz) in a foundry-based silicon microring. It breaks the stereotyped image of the FSR-Q factor trade-off, enabling ultra-wideband and high-resolution millimeter-wave photonic operations. Our demonstration provides a flexible and portable solution for the integrated photonic molecule system, extending its research scope from fundamental physics to real-world applications such as nonlinear optical signal processing and sixth-generation wireless communication.