bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: NORBORNANES. PART 7. SYNTHESIS OF 6‐SUBSTITUTED 2‐NORBORNANOLS
Authors: GROB C. A. , GUENTHER B. + , WALDNER A.
Published: April 2016

Für eine mechanistische Untersuchung, über die kürzlich berichtet worden ist, werden die exo‐Norbomyltosylate (II) der entsprechenden Norbornanole (I) sowie die Mode1l‐Verbindungen (III)‐(VI) benötigt.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRONIC CONTROL OF STEREOSELECTIVITY. 10. ARYL SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS ON ELECTROPHILIC STEREOSELECTION IN 11‐ISOPROPYLIDENEDIBENZONORBORNADIENES. DIRECT COMPETITION OF DISSIMILARLY FUNCTIONALIZED BENZO GROUPS
Authors: PAQUETTE L. A. , KLINGER F. , HERTEL L. W.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem bekannten Isopropyliden‐benzonorbornadien (I) erhält man mit 1,4‐Dichlor‐butadien (II) ein Addukt (IIIa), das mit m‐Chlorperbenzoesäure zu den isomeren Epoxiden (IVa) und (Va) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISM OF GRAHAM′S REACTION
Authors: MOSS R. A. , WLOSTOWSKA J. , GUO W. , FEDORYNSKI M. , SPRINGER J. P. , HIRSHFIELD J. M.
Published: April 2016

Amidine (I) werden durch Hypochlorit über die Zwischenstufen (II) bzw. (III) zu den Diazirinen (IV) kondensiert.
ChemInform Abstract: OZONOLYSIS OF TETRAPHENYLCYCLOPENTADIENONE
Authors: BAILEY P. S. , FERRELL T. M.
Published: April 2016

Die Ozonolyse von Tetraphenylcyclopentadienon (I) liefert über diskutierte Zwischenstufen den Lacton‐ester (II) sowie Triphenylpropandion (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Action of Methylmagnesium Iodide and Hydrazines on Trans‐β‐2,5‐dimethylbenzoyl‐ N‐aryl‐acrylamides.
Authors: ISMAIL M. F. , KANDILE N. G.
Published: April 2016

Methylmagnesiumiodid (II) addiert sich an die Acrylamide (I) im wesentlichen in 1,4‐Stellung; nach Hydrolyse erhält man die Verbindungen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ACIDIC EPINEPHRINE ANALOGS DERIVED FROM 1H,3H‐2,1,3‐BENZOTHIADIAZOLE 2,2‐DIOXIDE AND FROM TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONANILIDE. NEW SYNTHESIS OF 1H,3H‐2,1,3‐BENZOTHIADIAZOLE 2,2‐DIOXIDE
Authors: ACHESON R. M. , BITE M. G. , KEMP J. E. G.
Published: April 2016

Durch Quaternisierung von Benzimidazol (I) und anschließende Hydrolyse erhält man das Dibenzyl‐l ,2‐diaminobenzol (II), das nach Cyclisierung zum Monoxid (III) mit Persäure zum Dioxid (IV) oxidiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRANS. PART 89. DIMERIC CANNABINOIDS WITH AN ETHANE BRIDGE
Authors: EIDEN F. , GERSTLAUER C.
Published: April 2016

Die aus den Stilbenderivaten (I) bzw. (VII) zugänglichen Tetrahydroxydiphenylethane (II) und (VIII) werden in einer Pechmann‐Duisberg‐Reaktion mit den Ketoestern (III) zu den Bis‐Cumarin‐Derivaten (IV) und (IX) kondensiert, aus denen mit Methylmagnesiumiodid (V) die dimeren Cannabinoide (VI) bzw. (X) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMETASTATIC PROPERTIES OF STEREOISOMERIC TRICYCLIC BIS(DIOXOPIPERAZINE) ANALOGS IN A B16 MELANOMA MODEL
Authors: WITIAK D. T. , TRIVEDI B. K. , CAMPOLITO L. B. , ZWILLING B. S. , REICHES N. A.
Published: April 2016

Pyrazin‐2,3‐dicarbonsäureamid (I) wird nach Hydrierung zum Piperazin (II) mit Bromessigsäureestern zu den Verbindungen (III) substituiert, die in Gegenwart von Alkali zum trans‐Bis‐dioxopiperazin (IV) cyclisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: SIDE‐CHAIN EFFECTS ON PHENOTHIAZINE CATION RADICAL REACTIONS
Authors: SACKETT P. H. , MAYAUSKY J. S. , SMITH T. , KALUS S. , MCCREERY R. L.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktion von Radikalen der Phenothiazine (I) in wäßriger Lösung und der Einfluß der Radikalstruktur auf die Bildung von hydroxylierten und Sulfoxid‐Metaboliten werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTICOCCIDIAL DERIVATIVES OF 6‐AZAURACIL. 4. A 1000‐FOLD ENHANCEMENT OF POTENCY BY PHENYL SULFIDE AND PHENYL SULFONE SIDE CHAINS
Authors: MILLER M. W. , MYLARI B. L. , HOWES H. L. JUN. , FIGDOR S. K. , LYNCH M. J. , LYNCH J. E. , GUPTA S. K. , CHAPPEL L. R. , KOCH R. C.
Published: April 2016

Das Methylnitroanilin (Ia) ergibt mit Chlor in konz. Salzsäure das Chlorid (Ib), aus dem man durch Diazotierung und Substitution das Dichlorbenzol (II) erhält.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,4,9,9A‐TETRAHYDRO‐1,4‐ETHANO‐3,4A‐(IMINOETHANO)‐4AH‐CARBAZOL‐2(1H)‐ONE DERIVATIVES AND N,3‐DISUBSTITUTED 3,3A,4,4A,10,10A‐HEXAHYDRO‐3A‐HYDROXY‐2‐OXO‐1,9B:4,10‐DIETHANOIMIDAZO(4,5‐B)CARBAZOLE‐5(2H)‐CARBOXAMIDES
Authors: BOBOWSKI G. , MORRISON G. C.
Published: April 2016

Das Enamid (I) das nach Pictet‐Spengler zu (III) cyclisiert wird, wird mit Schwefelsäure zu (IIa) kondensiert.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF INVERSE MICELLES ON THE COMPETITION BETWEEN LACTONIZATION AND POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS OF AN Ω‐HYDROXY CARBOXYLIC ACID
Authors: JAEGER D. A. , IPPOLITI J. T.
Published: April 2016

In Gegenwart von Carbodi‐ imiden wie (VI) oder (VII) entstehen aus der Hydroxycarbonsäure (I) das Lacton (II) oder Polymere (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOPENTANONES FROM CYCLOPROPANONE ETHYL HEMIKETAL VIA SILYLATED 1‐VINYLCYCLOPROPANOLS. TOTAL CONVERGENT SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.) 11‐DEOXYPROSTAGLANDIN
Authors: SALAUEN J. + , OLLIVIER J.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Magnesiumsalzen des Cyclopropanonhemiacetals (I) werden durch Umsetzung mit den Acetylenverbindungen (II), Reduktion zu (IV) und nachfolgende Silylierung die Trimethylsilyloxyvinylcyclopropane (V) erhalten, die thermisch zu den Enolethern (VI) umgelagert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CERTAIN PROPERTIES OF O‐ALKYLSELENOPHOSPHORIC ACID DICHLORIDES
Authors: MEL'NIK YA. I. , KOLODII YA. I.
Published: April 2016

Die Alkyl‐dichlorphosphite (I) addieren Selen (II) zu den O‐Alkyl‐dichlor‐seleno‐phosphaten (IIIa)‐(IIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE COORDINATION CHEMISTRY OF ZINC DIALKYLS. XVI. SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF DINORBORNYLZINC COMPOUNDS
Authors: THIELE K.‐H. , DIMITROV V. , THIELEMAN J. , BRUESER W. + , ZSCHUNKE A.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindungen (I)‐(III) und zu Vergleichszwecken Bis‐[7‐norbomenyl]‐zink (IV) wurden aus ZnCl, und den entsprechenden Grignardverbindungen bzw. NorbornyllithiumVerbindungen bei 20°C in Et2O bzw. EtzO/Pentan dargestellt und mittels ihrer IR‐ und 13C‐NMR‐Spektren ((I)‐(III) auch durch MS‐Spektren) und des thermischen Zerfalls untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CHEMISTRY OF BINARY ZEROVALENT TRANSITION METAL PHOSPHITE COMPLEXES
Authors: CHOI H. W. , MUETTERTIES E. L.
Published: April 2016

Die aus MoCl5 bzw. WCl6 und Donatorliganden erhaltenen Komplexe (Ia) und (III) bzw. (Ib) liefern nach Reduktion und nachfolgender Reaktion mit P(O‐Me)3 die Titelkomplexe (II), wobei im Falle von (IIb) (IV) und (V) als Nebenprodukte entstehen.
ChemInform Abstract: LIGAND SUBSTITUTION PROPERTIES OF THE MFE3S4 DOUBLE‐CUBANE CLUSTER COMPLEXES (MO2FE6S8(SR)9)3‐ AND (M2FE7S8(SR)12)3‐ (M = MOLYBDENUM, TUNGSTEN)
Authors: PALERMO R. E. , POWER P. P. , HOLM R. H.
Published: April 2016

Substitutionsreaktionen der Doppelkuban‐Cluster (Ia) und (IIa), die sowohl terminale als auch Brücken‐Thiolat‐ S‐Atome tragen, werden zur Diskussion des Austauschs dieser Gruppen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PERFLUORO(ALKYL, ARYL)TETRACARBONYLS OF IRON. SYMMETRIZATION REACTION OF PERFLUORO(ALKYL, ARYL)IRONTETRACARBONYL IODIDES
Authors: YAGUPOL'SKII YU. L. , GERUS I. I. , YAGUPOL'SKII L. M.
Published: April 2016

Die Perfluoralkyliodide (I) werden mit Fe(CO)5 in die Iodide (II) übergeführt, von denen (IIa) offenbar literaturbekannt ist.
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF DIPOLAR SPIN‐COUPLED DIMERS OF AN IRREGULARLY PENTACCORDINATE COPPER(II) COMPLEX, (CU(5‐MEIIN)(DBM))
Authors: ADDISON A. W. , BURKE P. J. , HENRICK K.
Published: April 2016

Durch Sieden von Cuacetathydrat mit dem entsprechenden Isoindolin, Dibenzoylmethan und Triethylamin in Methanol wird in quantitativer Ausb. der ternäre Komplex (Ia) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF (N,N,N′,N′‐TETRAKIS(2‐PYRIDYLMETHYL)ETHYLENEDIAMINE)DICOPPER(I) AND ITS DICARBONYL ADDUCT
Authors: GAGNE R. R. , KREH R. P. , DODGE J. A. , MARSH R. E. , MCCOOL M.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktion des wie aufgezeigt dargestellten Liganden (II) mit Cu(II) führt zum Komplex (III) mit Cu‐Cu‐Wechselwirkung.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF STEROIDAL HAPTENS IN RADIOIMMUNOASSAY
Authors: OH‐UCHI R. , KAMBEGAWA A. , MORI H.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend von 4‐Androsten‐ 3,1 1,17‐trion (I), 17β‐Hydroxy‐4‐androsten‐3,l.l‐dion (III) und 4‐Pregnen‐3,1 1,20‐ trion (V) werden die 1 1‐Succinoyloxy‐Derivate (II), (IV) und (VI) hergestellt, die nach Bindung an Rinderserumalbumin zur Herstellung sgezifischer Antiseren verwendet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Über die Enaminreaktionsfähigkeit von Dehydroglaucin.
Authors: PHILIPOV S. , PETROV O. , MOLLOV N.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktivität der Enamingruppierung im Dehydroglaucin (I) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies Aimed at the Synthesis of Morphine. Part 4. A New Approach to N‐Norreticuline Derivatives from Homoveratronitrile.
Authors: SZANTAY C. , DOERNYEI G. + , BLASKO G. , BARCZAI‐BEKE M. , PECHY P.
Published: April 2016

Die partielle Demethylierung von Homoveratronitril (I) zu den Phenolen (IIa) und (IIb) sowie deren Trennung werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐L‐Rhamnopyranosyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐α]pyridine. 4′‐ and 3′‐ Oxidation Products. Synthesis and Structure‐Activity Relationships. Synthesis of C‐Nucleosides. Part 19.
Authors: ALLARD P. , DINH T. H. , GOUYETTE C. , IGOLEN J. , CHERMANN J.‐C. , SINOUSSI B.
Published: April 2016

Die 6‐Desoxy‐L‐manno‐hexopyranose (I) reagiert mit gasförmigem Bromwasserstoff in Essigsäure zum Bromid (II), das über die Nitrile (III) in die Thioiminoetherhydro‐Chloride (IV) umgewandelt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME ESTERS, AMIDES, AND HYDRAZIDES OF 3‐CARBOXYRIFAMYCIN S. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY OF ANSAMYCINS
Authors: BELLOMO P. , MARCHI E. , MASCELLANI G. , BRUFANI M.
Published: April 2016

(VII) umwandehi läßt. In vitro zeigen letztere eine nur geringe mikrobiologische Wirkung.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF THE TETRACYCLIC RING SYSTEM PRESENT IN STREPTONIGRIN
Authors: CUSHMAN M. , MATHEW J.
Published: April 2016

Chinolin‐2‐carbonsäurechlorid (I) reagiert mit dem Dilithio‐Derivat (II) zu einem Diketon (III), das über die im Formelschema angegebenen Zwischenstufen (IV)‐(VI) zum Streptonigrin‐Analogen (VII) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: APPROACH TO THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF CHLOROTHRICOLIDE: SYNTHESIS OF “7‐EPI‐BOTTOM HALF” AND ITS UNION WITH “TOP HALF” SYSTEMS
Authors: IRELAND R. E. , THOMPSON W. J. , SROUJI G. H. , ETTER R.
Published: April 2016

Synthesemöglichkeiten für das Antibioticum‐Aglykon Chlorothricolid (I) werden diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐DIPOLE‐METALATED QUINONE STRATEGY TO (.+‐.)‐4‐DEMETHOXYDAUNOMYCINONE AND (.+‐.)‐DAUNOMYCINONE. ANNELATION OF BENZOCYCLOBUTENEDIONE MONOKETALS WITH LITHIOQUINONE BISKETALS
Authors: SWENTON J. S. , ANDERSON D. K. , JACKSON D. K. , NARASIMHAN L.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Thermolyse des Phthalazins (I) entsteht das Benzocyclobutendion (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE 6α‐METHOXY PENEM
Authors: FOGLIO M. , FRANCESHCI G. , SCARAFILE C. , ZINI P.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend von dem S‐Oxid (I) wird auf dem im Formelschema angegebenen Weg das Lactam (VII) synthetisiert, das beim Erhitzen in guter Ausbeute zum Penem (VIII) cyclisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: RbIO3 and RbIO2F2: Two Promising Nonlinear Optical Materials in Mid‐IR Region and Influence of Partially Replacing Oxygen with Fluorine for Improving Laser Damage Threshold.
Authors: Wu Qi , Liu Hongming , Jiang Fangchao , Kang Lei , Yang Lei , Lin Zheshuai , Hu Zhanggui , Chen Xingguo , Meng Xianggao , Qin Jingui
Published: April 2016

Crystals of (II) and (III) are characterized by single crystal XRD, IR spectroscopy, UV/VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallic Ternary Telluride with Sphalerite Superstructure.
Authors: Adhikary Amit , Mohapatra Sudip , Lee Seng Huat , Hor Yew San , Adhikari Puja , Ching Wai‐Yim , Choudhury Amitava
Published: April 2016

Cu5Sn2Te7 is prepared by melting and annealing stoichiometric amounts of the elements (evacuated quartz tubes, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, NMR Spectroscopy, and Vibrational Spectroscopy of Sr(PO3F)·H2O and Sr(PO3F).
Authors: Jantz Stephan G. , van Wuellen Leo , Fischer Andreas , Libowitzky Eugen , Baran Enrique J. , Weil Matthias , Hoeppe Henning A.
Published: April 2016

Sr(PO3F)·H2O (P21/c, Z = 4) is obtained from an aqueous solution of Na2(PO3F) by metathesis reaction with aqueous Sr(NO3)2 followed by either the addition of Me2CO for the polycrystalline precipitate or overnight solvent evaporation for single crystal growth.
ChemInform Abstract: Trigonal‐Bipyramidal Coordination in First Ammoniates of ZnF2: ZnF2(NH3)3 and ZnF2(NH3)2.
Authors: Richter Theresia M. M. , LeTonquesse Sylvain , Alt Nicolas S. A. , Schluecker Eberhard , Niewa Rainer
Published: April 2016

Single crystals of ZnF2(NH3)3 (I) are prepared by ammonothermal reaction of ZnF2, Zn, NH4F, and NH3 (autoclave, 250 °C, 196 MPa).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Two‐Dimensional Coordination Polymer Constructed from Bi‐Capped Keggin Molybdenum—Vanadium Polyoxoanions and Nickel Ethylenediamine Complexes.
Authors: Sun Ying‐Hua , Li Guo‐Dong , Cui Xiao‐Bing , Xu Ji‐Qing , Mei Ze‐Min
Published: April 2016

The new compound (IV) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Fdd2 with Z = 8 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Sr2Pd4Al5: Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structures, and Chemical Bonding of a Polar Intermetallic Compound.
Authors: Stegemann Frank , Benndorf Christopher , Touzani Rachid St. , Fokwa Boniface P. T. , Janka Oliver
Published: April 2016

Sr2Pd4Al5 is prepared by heating the elements in stoichiometric amounts (Nb ampoules in evacuated silica tubes, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphene Oxide as a Heterogeneous Reagent Promoted Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 1,3‐Benzazoles in Water.
Authors: Khalili Dariush , Banazadeh Ali Reza
Published: April 2016

Benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, and benzoxazoles are prepared by condensation of aldehydes with phenylenediamine, aminothiophenol, and aminophenol, resp., using graphene oxide as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric H2O‐Nucleophilic Ring Opening of D—A Cyclopropanes: Catalyst Serves as a Source of Water.
Authors: Kang Qi‐Kai , Wang Lijia , Liu Qiong‐Jie , Li Jun‐Fang , Tang Yong
Published: April 2016

The catalytic enantioselective ring‐opening reaction of donor—acceptor cyclopropanes with alcohols or water provides a direct approach to γ‐substituted GBH derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic and Theoretical Investigation on the One‐Pot Halogenation of β‐Amino Alcohols and Nucleophilic Ring Opening of Aziridinium Ions.
Authors: Chen Yunwei , Sun Xiang , Wu Ningjie , Li Jingbai , Jin Shengnan , Zhong Yongliang , Liu Zirui , Rogachev Andrey , Chong Hyun‐Soon
Published: April 2016

A variety of optically active secondary N,N‐disubstituted β‐halo amines are efficiently synthesized from N,N‐disubstituted alaninol via formation and ring opening (at the more hindered carbon) of aziridinium ions by halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Oxidase Catalysis for Site‐Selective C—H Alkenylations with Ambient O2 as the Sole Oxidant.
Authors: Bechtoldt Alexander , Tirler Carina , Raghuvanshi Keshav , Warratz Svenja , Kornhaass Christoph , Ackermann Lutz
Published: April 2016

The ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed oxidative alkenylation of arenes with weakly coordinating and removable directing groups is applied to the synthesis of various isoindolinones, phthalides, and aromatic alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Remote Oxidation of Aliphatic C—H Bonds in Nitrogen‐Containing Molecules.
Authors: Howell Jennifer M. , Feng Kaibo , Clark Joseph R. , Trzepkowski Louis J. , White M. Christina
Published: April 2016

A nitrogen complexation strategy using a strong Broensted acid (HBF4) or an azaphilic Lewis acid (BF3, not shown) enables remote, non‐directed C(sp3)—H oxidations of tertiary, secondary, and primary amine‐ and pyridine‐containing molecules with tunable iron catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Long‐Distance Aryl Migration from Carbon Center to Nitrogen Center.
Authors: Zhou Taigang , Luo Fei‐Xian , Yang Ming‐Yu , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: April 2016

A silver‐promoted radical mechanism is proposed for this reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Studies Lead to Dramatically Improved Reaction Conditions for the Cu‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroamination of Olefins.
Authors: Bandar Jeffrey S. , Pirnot Michael T. , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: April 2016

Kinetic and spectroscopic studies are performed on the enantioselective copper(I) hydride‐catalyzed hydroamination of styrene.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral β‐Amino Nitroalkanes via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation.
Authors: Li Pan , Zhou Ming , Zhao Qingyang , Wu Weilong , Hu Xinquan , Dong Xiu‐Qin , Zhang Xumu
Published: April 2016

The products are obtained in very high yields and with high (alkyl) or excellent (aryl and hetaryl substituted derivatives) enantiomeric excesses.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed gem‐Difluoroallylation of Arylboronic Acids with γ,γ‐Difluoroallylic Acetates.
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhang Xingang
Published: April 2016

The title reaction proceeds with high regio‐ and E/Z‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Carboxylation of Acetanilides: An Efficient Usage of N,N‐Dimethyloxamic Acid as the Carboxylate Source.
Authors: Wu Yinuo , Jiang Cheng , Wu Deyan , Gu Qiong , Luo Zhang‐Yi , Luo Hai‐Bin
Published: April 2016

A novel Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling between acetanilides and N,N‐dimethyloxamic acid (II) is presented, using the latter for the first time as carboxylate source in C—H bond carboxylations.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Amino Amides by Catalytic Enantioconvergent 2‐Aza‐Cope Rearrangement.
Authors: Goodman C. Guy , Johnson Jeffrey S.
Published: April 2016

Chiral phosphoric acids catalyze dynamic kinetic resolutions of α‐stereogenic‐β‐formyl amides in asymmetric 2‐aza‐Cope rearrangements.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed Expeditious Synthesis of Sulfonamides from Sulfonyl Hydrazides and Amines.
Authors: Yotphan Sirilata , Sumunnee Ladawan , Beukeaw Danupat , Buathongjan Chonchanok , Reutrakul Vichai
Published: April 2016

A new protocol for the synthesis of sulfonamides via an iodine‐catalyzed sulfonylation of amines with sulfonyl hydrazides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Amination of Aromatics with Sodium Azide in BF3—H2O.
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Gurung Laxman , Marinez Eric R. , Mathew Thomas , Olah George A.
Published: April 2016

The combination of NaN3/BF3·H2O is found to be an efficient reagent system for aromatic electrophilic amination providing a facile direct access to aromatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild, Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of Homoallylic Alcohols Using Potassium Allyltrifluoroborate Promoted by Salicylic Acid.
Authors: Silva Jadson F. , Lima Josefa A. C. , de Freitas Jucleiton J. R. , Freitas Ladjane P. S. R. , Menezes Paulo H. , Freitas Juliano C. R.
Published: April 2016

An environmentally friendly, regio‐ and chemoselective method for the preparation of the title alcohols by allylation of aldehydes with potassium allyltrifluoroborates in short times and moderate to high yields is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 1,2‐Difunctionalized Ethanes with Aryl Iodides in Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling: Application to Synthesis of Phenols.
Authors: Kim Jihye , Battsengel Oyunsaikhan , Liu Yajun , Chae Junghyun
Published: April 2016

A series of the title ethanes is investigated to test the reactivity with aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Coupling Involving Arynes, Aromatic Tertiary Amines, and Aldehydes via Aryl—Aryl Amino Group Migration.
Authors: Bhojgude Sachin Suresh , Baviskar Dnyaneshwar R. , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Biju Akkattu T.
Published: April 2016

2‐Functionalized tertiary amines are rapidly synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Peroxide‐Mediated Direct Synthesis of Amides from Aroyl Surrogates.
Authors: Hong Gang , Wu Shengying , Zhu Xiaoyan , Mao Dan , Wang Limin
Published: April 2016

A scalable, efficient and metal‐free preparation of arylamides is developed starting from azobenzenes and benzylic or aliphatic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free Deacylative Cleavage of Unstrained C(sp3)—C(sp2) Bonds: Cyanide‐Free Access to Aryl and Aliphatic Nitriles from Ketones and Aldehydes.
Authors: Ge Jing‐Jie , Yao Chuan‐Zhi , Wang Mei‐Mei , Zheng Hong‐Xing , Kang Yan‐Biao , Li Yadong
Published: April 2016

An efficient and practical transformation of various benzylic or aliphatic methyl ketones to nitriles is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryldiols via Organocatalytic Arylation of 2‐Naphthols.
Authors: Chen Ye‐Hui , Cheng Dao‐Juan , Zhang Jian , Wang Yong , Liu Xin‐Yuan , Tan Bin
Published: April 2016

The scalable reaction of 2‐naphthols with quinone derivatives offers access to the title products in high yields and with very high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: A New, One‐Pot, Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 5‐Methyl‐3H,3′H‐spiro[furan‐2,1′‐isobenzofuran]‐3,3′‐dione Derivatives in Water.
Authors: Mohammadizadeh Mohammad Reza , Saberi Dariush , Taghavi S. Zainabkhatoon
Published: April 2016

Condensation reaction between ninhydrin and various 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds followed by oxidative cleavage of furans (III) afford the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Diarylation of Alkenes.
Authors: You Wei , Brown M. Kevin
Published: April 2016

A protocol for preparation of highly enantioenriched 2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans and indolines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Broensted Acid Mediated Synthesis of Fully Substituted Thiophenes via Chemo‐ and Regioselective Intramolecular Cyclization of α,α′‐Bis(β‐oxodithioesters) at Room Temperature.
Authors: Ramulu B. Janaki , Koley Suvajit , Singh Maya Shankar
Published: April 2016

A straightforward, operationally simple and efficient method for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted thiophenes in high yields is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Dearomatization of Indoles via Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic C—H Activation.
Authors: Zhang Heng , Hu Rong‐Bin , Liu Na , Li Shi‐Xia , Yang Shang‐Dong
Published: April 2016

A one‐pot tandem allylic C—H activation/dearomatization reaction sequence between indole derivatives and allylarenes provides 3‐arylpropenyl substituted indolenines in often high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Bifunctional Ferrocenylphosphine Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: Hu Haiwen , Yu Shuxian , Zhu Linglong , Zhou Lingxiu , Zhong Weihui
Published: April 2016

A new class of chiral phosphines based on both planar chiral and point chiral ferrocene‐based bifunctional N‐acyl aminophosphines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel (S)‐N‐Boc‐3‐Pyrazolylalanine‐Derived α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Groselj Uros , Svete Jurij
Published: April 2016

Compound (I) is used as starting material for the preparation of a small library of N‐Boc‐protected 3‐pyrazolylalanine tert‐butyl esters (II, VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxone‐Mediated Facile Access to Substituted Pyrazoles.
Authors: Kashiwa Mitsuhiro , Kuwata Yoshiyuki , Sonoda Motohiro , Tanimori Shinji
Published: April 2016

Starting from easily accessible hydrazones, aryl‐ and alkyl‐ substituted pyrazoles are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: An SiO2/ZnBr2 Mediated Expeditious Approach to 3‐Methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐one Derivatives in Water under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Parveen Mehtab , Azaz Shaista , Malla Ali Mohammed , Ahmad Faheem , Ahmad Musheer , Gupta Mayank
Published: April 2016

The one‐pot three‐component title reaction between ethylacetoacetate, phenyl‐ or 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine and various aryl or hetaryl aldehydes proves more practical, efficient and eco‐friendly than previously developed methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Superoxide Ion Promoted Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzimidazoles from Schiff Bases.
Authors: Raghuvanshi Raghvendra S. , Yadav Virendra P. , Singh Vinod K.
Published: April 2016

The title compounds are prepared by oxidative intramolecular cyclization of Schiff bases using in situ generated superoxide Et4NO2 as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Zn/Sc Bimetallic Relay Catalysis: One Pot Cycloisomerization/Carbonyl—Ene Reaction Toward Oxazole Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Bin , Chen Ying , Zhou Ling , Wang Jianwu , Xu Zhenghu
Published: April 2016

A variety of oxazole derivatives is synthesized from easily available N‐(propargyl)arylamides and aromatic aldehydes using a novel Zn/Sc bimetallic relay catalyst system.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Highly Efficient Synthesis of 3,5‐Disubstituted Isoxazoles Using Cu/Graphene/Clay Nanohybrid as a New Heterogeneous Nano Catalyst.
Authors: Behrouz Somayeh , Rad Mohammad Navid Soltani
Published: April 2016

A facile protocol is presented for the dipolar click cycloaddition of alkynes with in‐situ generated nitrile oxides in presence of the nanohybrid catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: TBAI‐Catalyzed Reaction Between N‐Tosylhydrazones and Sulfur: A Procedure Toward 1,2,3‐Thiadiazole.
Authors: Chen Jiangfei , Jiang Yan , Yu Jin‐Tao , Cheng Jiang
Published: April 2016

The TBAI‐catalyzed direct annulation of acetophenone tosylhydrazone and sulfur powder leads to thiadiazoles in moderate to excellent yields under metal‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Utility of Bifunctional N‐Heterocyclic Phosphine (NHP)‐Thioureas for Metal‐Free Carbon—Phosphorus Bond Construction Toward Regio‐ and Stereoselective Formation of Vinylphosphonates.
Authors: Mulla Karimulla , Aleshire Kyle L. , Forster Paul M. , Kang Jun Yong
Published: April 2016

This novel N‐heterocyclic phosphine‐promoted phospha‐Michael/intramolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction allows for the stereoselective construction of vinyldiazaphosphonates in moderate to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe(OTf)3‐Mediated Synthesis of Sulfonyl Dihydropyrans.
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Chen Yu‐Hsin , Cheng Yu‐Chieh
Published: April 2016

The reaction is not limited to β‐ketosulfones but works for selected β‐dicarbonyl compounds and deoxybenzoins like (X) as well.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Approach to Flavones via a One‐Pot Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenation/Oxidative Boron‐Heck Coupling Sequence of Chromanones.
Authors: Lee Jun , Yu Jihyun , Son Seung Hwan , Heo Jinyuk , Kim Taelim , An Ji‐Young , Inn Kyung‐Soo , Kim Nam‐Jung
Published: April 2016

A versatile approach to diverse flavones from readily available chromanones and arylboronic acid pinacol esters via a Pd(II)‐catalyzed dehydrogenation and oxidative boron‐Heck coupling reaction in a one‐pot sequence is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Uncatalyzed, Highly Stereoselective Addition of α‐Morpholinostyrene to 3‐Nitro‐2‐(trihalomethyl)‐2H‐chromenes. Synthesis of trans—cis‐ and trans—trans‐3‐Nitro‐4‐phenacyl‐(2‐trihalomethyl)chromanes.
Authors: Korotaev Vladislav Yu. , Kotovich Ivan V. , Barkov Alexey Yu. , Kutyashev Igor B. , Kodess Mikhail I. , Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya.
Published: April 2016

The diastereoselectivity of the title addition depends on the reaction temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Alkylarylation of Substituted N‐Allylbenzamides for the Construction of Dihydroisoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones and Isoquinoline‐1,3(2H,4H)‐diones.
Authors: Qian Ping , Du Bingnan , Jiao Wei , Mei Haibo , Han Jianlin , Pan Yi
Published: April 2016

A metal‐free cascade functionalization of unactivated C(sp3)—H bonds and cyclization reactions of N‐substituted allylbenzamides are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalyst Free, Multicomponent‐Tandem, Facile Synthesis of Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines Using Glycerol as a Recyclable Promoting Medium.
Authors: Singh Swastika , Saquib Mohammad , Singh Mandavi , Tiwari Jyoti , Tufail Fatima , Singh Jaya , Singh Jagdamba
Published: April 2016

An environmentally friendly three‐component synthesis of the title compounds using glycerol as biodegradable and reusable promoting medium is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of trans‐Perfluoroalkylated [1,3]Oxazino[2,3‐a]isoquinolines from Aromatic Aldehydes, Methyl Perfluoroalk‐2‐ynoates and Isoquinolines.
Authors: Xu Zhiliang , Sun Tianqi , Cai Qiuqi , Ni Fei , Han Jing , Chen Jie , Deng Hongmei , Shao Min , Zhang Hui , Cao Weiguo
Published: April 2016

An efficient, one‐pot, three‐component procedure for the synthesis of fluorinated oxazinoisoquinolines with excellent regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni/Cu‐Catalyzed Defluoroborylation of Fluoroarenes for Diverse C—F Bond Functionalizations.
Authors: Niwa Takashi , Ochiai Hidenori , Watanabe Yasuyoshi , Hosoya Takamitsu
Published: April 2016

The method tolerates fluoroarenes equipped with various electron‐neutral or electron‐withdrawing substituents, including sterically hindered ones, but no electron‐withdrawing functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl‐ and Benzyltrimethylammonium Salts via C—N Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Hu Jiefeng , Sun Heqing , Cai Wangshui , Pu Xinghui , Zhang Yemin , Shi Zhuangzhi
Published: April 2016

The catalytic system is capable of activating aryl and benzyl ammonium bonds for C—N borylation to produce a variety of organoborates.
ChemInform Abstract: A Free‐Radical‐Promoted Stereospecific Decarboxylative Silylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Acids with Silanes.
Authors: Zhang Lizhi , Hang Zhaojia , Liu Zhong‐Quan
Published: April 2016

A range of alkenyl and alkynyl organo‐silicon compounds is efficiently synthesized via decarboxylative C‐Si bond formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Organophosphorus Compounds from P—H Compounds Using O‐(Trimethylsilyl)aryl Triflates as Aryne Precursors.
Authors: Yang Guoqiang , Shen Chaoren , Quan Mao , Zhang Wanbin
Published: April 2016

The practical procedure allows for the synthesis of arylphosphonates, diarylphosphinates, and aryl phosphine oxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic Tigliane‐Type Diterpenoids from Croton tiglium.
Authors: Zhang Dong‐Dong , Zhou Bin , Yu Jin‐Hai , Xu Cheng‐Hui , Ding Jian , Zhang Hua , Yue Jian‐Min
Published: April 2016

The title compounds show moderate inhibitory activity against human HL‐60 and A549 cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Gd(OTf)3 Catalyzed Preparation of 2,3‐Unsaturated O‐, S‐, N‐, and C‐Pyranosides from Glycals by Ferrier Rearrangement.
Authors: Chen Peiran , Su Jie
Published: April 2016

The title reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions in good yields with high anomeric selectivies.
ChemInform Abstract: Cristazine, a New Cytotoxic Dioxopiperazine Alkaloid from the Mudflat‐Sediment‐Derived Fungus Chaetomium cristatum.
Authors: Yun Keumja , Khong Trung Thang , Leutou Alain Simplice , Kim Gun‐Do , Hong Jongki , Lee Choong‐Hwan , Son Byeng Wha
Published: April 2016

The structure and absolute stereochemistry of cristazine (I), a new class of dioxopiperazine alkaloid, is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Allahabadolactones A and B from the Endophytic Fungus, Aspergillus allahabadii BCC45335.
Authors: Sadorn Karoon , Saepua Siriporn , Boonyuen Nattawut , Laksanacharoen Pattiyaa , Rachtawee Pranee , Prabpai Samran , Kongsaeree Palangpon , Pittayakhajonwut Pattama
Published: April 2016

Two new natural products, allahabadolactones A (I) and B (II), are isolated from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus allahabadii BCC45335 along with several known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: HF‐Free Hydrothermal Route for Synthesis of Highly Efficient Narrow‐Band Red Emitting Phosphor K2Si1‐xF6:xMn4+ for Warm White Light‐Emitting Diodes.
Authors: Huang Lin , Zhu Yiwen , Zhang Xuejie , Zou Rui , Pan Fengjuan , Wang Jing , Wu Mingmei
Published: April 2016

The title phosphor is synthesized by a new environmentally friendly hydrothermal method from solutions of SiO2, KHF2, and Mn(HPO4)2 (autoclave, 180 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Nitrides for Electrocatalytic Energy Conversion: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Xie Junfeng , Xie Yi
Published: April 2016

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Surprising Intrazeolitic Chemistry of Silver
Authors: Heo Nam Ho , Kim Yang , Kim Jong Jin , Seff Karl
Published: April 2016

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystallographic and Structural Characterization of Heterometallic Platinum Complexes. Part VI. Heterohexanuclear Complexes
Authors: Melnik Milan , Mikus Peter , Holloway Clive E.
Published: April 2016

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hexaaluminates: A Review of the Structure, Synthesis and Catalytic Performance
Authors: Tian M. , Wang X. D. , Zhang T.
Published: April 2016

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Organometallic Chemistry of Boron‐Containing Pincer Ligands Based on Diazaboroles and Carboranes
Authors: Yamashita Makoto
Published: April 2016

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: O,S‐Disubstituted Xanthogenates in Heterocyclic Synthesis
Authors: Chalikidi Petrakis N.
Published: April 2016

Review: [22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral Tertiary Alcohols by CuI‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of Organomagnesium Reagents to Ketones
Authors: Rong Jiawei , Pellegrini Tilde , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R.
Published: April 2016

Review: [35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Reactions of Epoxides: Recent Progress
Authors: Meninno Sara , Lattanzi Alessandra
Published: April 2016

Review: [49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Soluble Perylenediimides: Design Concepts and Biological Applications
Authors: Sun Mengmeng , Muellen Klaus , Yin Meizhen
Published: April 2016

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Dearomatization (CADA) Reactions of Phenol and Aniline Derivatives
Authors: Wu Wen‐Ting , Zhang Liming , You Shu‐Li
Published: April 2016

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: In vacuo Interfacial Tetrapyrrole Metalation
Authors: Diller Katharina , Papageorgiou Anthoula C. , Klappenberger Florian , Allegretti Francesco , Barth Johannes V. , Auwaerter Willi
Published: April 2016

Review: comprehensive overview of tetrapyrrole metalation at well‐defined surfaces under ultra‐high vacuum conditions, including state‐of‐the‐art methodology; 171 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Olefination of Aryl C—H Bonds by Using Directing Scaffolds
Authors: Bag Sukdev , Maiti Debabrata
Published: April 2016

Review: [51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent and Multicatalytic Reactions — A Synthetic Strategy Inspired by Nature
Authors: Galvan Alicia , Fananas Francisco J. , Rodriguez Felix
Published: April 2016

Review: [26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Current Diversity of Cyclic Anhydrides for the Castagnoli—Cushman‐Type Formal Cycloaddition Reactions: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Krasavin Mikhail , Dar'in Dmitry
Published: April 2016

Review: [36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Deep Eutectic Solvents for Organocatalysis, Biotransformations, and Multistep Organocatalyst/Enzyme Combinations
Authors: Guajardo Nadia , Mueller Christoph R. , Schrebler Rodrigo , Carlesi Carlos , Dominguez de Maria Pablo
Published: April 2016

Review: [54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular Peptide Cross‐Linking by Using Diaminodicarboxylic Acids
Authors: Kamalov Meder , Kaur Harveen , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: April 2016

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microfluidic‐Based Biomimetic Models for Life Science Research
Authors: Jiang Keqiu , Dong Chengyong , Xu Yakun , Wang Liming
Published: April 2016

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards the Next Generation of Biomedicines by Site‐Selective Conjugation
Authors: Hu Qi‐Ying , Berti Francesco , Adamo Roberto
Published: April 2016

Review: 255 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycosylation, an Effective Synthetic Strategy to Improve the Bioavailability of Therapeutic Peptides
Authors: Moradi Shayli Varasteh , Hussein Waleed M. , Varamini Pegah , Simerska Pavla , Toth Istvan
Published: April 2016

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembled DNA Nanostructures for Drug Delivery
Authors: Jia Ruokun , Wang Ting , Jiang Qiao , Wang Zhengang , Song Chen , Ding Baoquan
Published: April 2016

Review: 119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: DNA Nanotechnology Mediated Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates and Their Applications in Biomedicine
Authors: Wang Chenguang , Zhang Huan , Zeng Dongdong , San Lili , Mi Xianqiang
Published: April 2016

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: DNA Directed Self‐Assembly of Fluorescent Colloidal Semiconductor Quantum Dots and Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles Heterogeneous Nanomaterials
Authors: Guo Yan , Hu Yue , Deng Zhengtao
Published: April 2016

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Models of Methanol and Dimethyl Ether Conversion to Olefins over Zeolite Catalysts (Review)
Authors: Khadzhiev S. N. , Magomedova M. V. , Peresypkina E. G.
Published: April 2016

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Developing and Understanding Biofluid Vibrational Spectroscopy: A Critical Review
Authors: Baker Matthew J. , Hussain Shawn R. , Lovergne Lila , Untereiner Valerie , Hughes Caryn , Lukaszewski Roman A. , Thiefin Gerard , Sockalingum Ganesh D.
Published: April 2016

Review: 129 refs.
Clinical significance of atypical glandular cells in Pap tests: An analysis of more than 3000 cases at a large academic women's center
Authors: Pradhan Dinesh , Li Zaibo , Ocque Rebecca , Patadji Stell , Zhao Chengquan
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND

The interpretation of atypical glandular cells (AGC) in Papanicolaou (Pap) tests and screening for glandular neoplasia remain challenging.

METHODS

Pap tests with an AGC interpretation from January 2008 to December 2013 were retrieved from a pathology database, and cases with histologic follow‐up within 1 year were included in the study.

RESULTS

There were 589,830 Pap tests during the study period, and 3709 cases (0.6%) were reported as AGC, which included the following: AGC, not otherwise specified (52.0%); atypical endocervical cells (28.0%); and other categories. There were 3007 cases (81.1%) with histologic follow‐up results within 1 year. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 (CIN2/3), cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)/adenocarcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma were identified in 5.6%, 1.9%, and 5.5% of cases, respectively. Glandular neoplasia was more likely to be identified in cases with pure AGC subcategories than cases with AGC and squamous abnormalities. Endometrial neoplasia was more likely to be identified in cases with atypical endometrial cells than other categories. Overall, the most common severe abnormality on histologic follow‐up was CIN2/3. Although CIN2/3 was the most common severe lesion in patients younger than 30 years (10.0%) and in patients aged 30 to 49 years (6.4%), endometrial carcinoma was the most common lesion in women who were 50 years old or older (13.7%). Endocervical glandular lesions (AIS and adenocarcinoma) occurred in only 1.9% of women.

CONCLUSIONS

AGC subtypes and ages significantly affect histological follow‐up results; 90.5% of cases with carcinoma on histologic follow‐up were either endometrial or metastatic carcinoma. This study supports the recommendation that women with AGC Pap test results should be followed up with both endocervical and endometrial sampling. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:589‐95. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methane by Ruthenium Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquid
Authors: Melo Catarina I. , Szczepańska Anna , Bogel‐Łukasik Ewa , Nunes da Ponte Manuel , Branco Luís C.
Published: April 2016

The efficient transformation of carbon dioxide into fuels can be an excellent alternative to sequestration. In this work, we describe CO2 hydrogenation to methane in imidazolium‐based ionic liquid media, using ruthenium nanoparticles prepared in situ as catalyst. The best yield of methane (69 %) was achieved using 0.24 mol % ruthenium catalyst (in [omim][NTf2], 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide, at 40 bar of hydrogen pressure plus 40 bar of CO2 pressure, and at 150 °C.
Air Oxidation of Activated Carbon to Synthesize a Biomimetic Catalyst for Hydrolysis of Cellulose
Authors: Shrotri Abhijit , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Fukuoka Atsushi
Published: April 2016

Oxygenated carbon catalyzes the hydrolysis of cellulose present in lignocellulosic biomass by utilizing the weakly acidic functional groups on its surface. Here we report the synthesis of a biomimetic carbon catalyst by simple and economical air‐oxidation of a commercially available activated carbon. Air‐ oxidation at 450–500 °C introduced 2000–2400 μmol g−1 of oxygenated functional groups on the material with minor changes in the textural properties. Selectivity towards the formation of carboxylic groups on the catalyst surface increased with the increase in oxidation temperature. The degree of oxidation on carbon catalyst was found to be proportional to its activity for hydrolysis of cellulose. The hydrolysis of eucalyptus in the presence of carbon oxidized at 475 °C afforded glucose yield of 77 % and xylose yield of 67 %.
Divide‐by‐2 LC injection‐locked frequency divider with wide locking range at low and high injection powers
Authors: Jang Sheng‐Lyang , Liu Yi‐You , Fang Chih‐Han , Lai Wen Cheng , Juang Miin‐Horng
Published: April 2016

A wide locking range nMOS divide‐by‐2 RLC injection‐locked frequency divider (ILFD) was designed and implemented in the TSMC 0.18‐µm BiCMOS process. The ILFD is based on a cross‐coupled oscillator with one direct injection MOSFET and a RLC resonator. The RLC resonator is used to extend the locking range so that dual‐band locking ranges can be merged in one locking range at both low and high injection powers. At the drain‐source bias of 0.9 V for switching transistors, and at the incident power of 0 dBm the locking range of the divide‐by‐2 ILFD is 7.24 GHz, from the incident frequency 2.65 to 9.89 GHz, the locking range percentage is 115.47%. The power consumption of ILFD core is 8.685 mW. The die area is 0.726 × 0.930 mm2. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Internal Energy of the Classical Two‐ and Three‐Dimensional One‐Component‐Plasma
Authors: Khrapak S. A. , Khrapak A. G.
Published: April 2016

We summarize several semi‐phenomenological approaches to estimate the internal energy of one‐componentplasma (OCP) in two (2D) and three (3D) dimensions. Particular attention is given to a hybrid approach, which reproduces the Debye‐Hückel asymptote in the limit of weak coupling, the ion sphere (3D) and ion disc (2D) asymptotes in the limit of strong coupling, and provides reasonable interpolation between these two limits. More accurate ways to estimate the internal energy of 2D and 3D OCP are also discussed. The accuracy of these analytic results is quantified by comparison with existing data from numerical simulations. The relevance of the KTHNY theory in locating melting transition in 2D OCP is briefly discussed. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ontogeny of tool use: how do toddlers use hammers?
Authors: Fragaszy Dorothy , Simpson Kathy , Cummins‐Sebree Sarah , Brakke Karen
Published: April 2016

Hammering with a hand tool appears early in life. Skillful hammering involves accommodating movements to properties of the hammer, orienting the hammer's head to the item to be struck, and maintaining stable posture during forceful action with the arm(s). We aimed to characterize development of these abilities in young children (12, 18, and 24 months old). Children struck at a peg with a hammer held in the hand or a hammer attached to a handle. Children struck more frequently with a hard hammer surface than a soft one, and more frequently (although less accurately) with handled hammers than with non‐handled hammers. Developmental differences were evident in accuracy, number of strikes, and kinematic parameters, especially with the handled object. Children's ability to use objects for forceful and accurate percussion changed measurably over the second year, in tandem with improving postural stability and greater motion of the elbow.
Capturing neutral and adaptive genetic diversity for conservation in a highly structured tree species
Authors: Rodríguez‐Quilón Isabel , Santos‐del‐Blanco Luis , Serra‐Varela María Jesús , Koskela Jarkko , González‐Martínez Santiago C. , Alía Ricardo
Published: April 2016

Preserving intraspecific genetic diversity is essential for long‐term forest sustainability in a climate change scenario. Despite that, genetic information is largely neglected in conservation planning, and how conservation units should be defined is still heatedly debated. Here, we use maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.), an outcrossing long‐lived tree with a highly fragmented distribution in the Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot, to prove the importance of accounting for genetic variation, of both neutral molecular markers and quantitative traits, to define useful conservation units. Six gene pools associated to distinct evolutionary histories were identified within the species using 12 microsatellites and 266 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In addition, height and survival standing variation, their genetic control, and plasticity were assessed in a multisite clonal common garden experiment (16 544 trees). We found high levels of quantitative genetic differentiation within previously defined neutral gene pools. Subsequent cluster analysis and post hoc trait distribution comparisons allowed us to define 10 genetically homogeneous population groups with high evolutionary potential. They constitute the minimum number of units to be represented in a maritime pine dynamic conservation program. Our results uphold that the identification of conservation units below the species level should account for key neutral and adaptive components of genetic diversity, especially in species with strong population structure and complex evolutionary histories. The environmental zonation approach currently used by the pan‐European genetic conservation strategy for forest trees would be largely improved by gradually integrating molecular and quantitative trait information, as data become available.
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Quinoline–Oxazole Peptides
Authors: Kudo Mayumi , Carbajo López Daniel , Maurizot Victor , Masu Hyuma , Tanatani Aya , Huc Ivan
Published: April 2016

The incorporation of flexible aliphatic units into otherwise rigid aromatic foldamer sequences may result in different outcomes. The flexible units may have conformational preferences of their own that can be expressed orthogonally to those of the aromatic units. Alternatively, the latter may dictate their folding behavior onto the former. Hybrid aliphatic–aromatic peptidic oligomers combining oxazole‐based (O) and quinoline‐based (Q) amino acids have been synthesized, and their folding behavior has been investigated in solution by NMR spectroscopy and CD spectroscopy, and in the solid state by X‐ray crystallography. Sequences based on the OQQ repeat motif were shown to fold into a canonical aromatic helix motif dominated by the preferences of the quinoline, whereas sequences based on OQ repetitions preferred to fold into a herringbone helix in which the conformational preference of the oxazole units is also expressed.