bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Experimental Study on the De-Icing Performance of Multiple Actuators
Authors: Zhang Jiajun , Liang Hua , Wei Biao , Bian Dongliang , Liu Shimin , Liu Hongrui
Published: June 2024

The issue of aircraft icing poses a substantial threat to flight safety. In order to investigate more efficient anti-icing and de-icing technologies, a comparative analysis was conducted on the de-icing characteristics of three types of actuator materials under varying conditions. Initially, experimental research was undertaken to analyze the temperature traits of three actuators under ice-free conditions. Three power densities were chosen for the experiment: 0.170 W/cm2, 0.727 W/cm2, and 1.427 W/cm2. The research findings revealed distinct characteristics: plasma actuators and resistance wire actuators exhibited a strip-like high-temperature region during operation, with well-defined boundaries between the high-temperature and low-temperature zones, whereas ceramic-based semiconductor actuators showcased a uniform high-temperature region. As energy consumption rose, the thermal equilibrium temperatures of all three types tended to converge, with resistance wire actuators operating at 1.427 W/cm2, showing the highest temperature rise rate at that power density. Subsequently, experimental research was carried out on the de-icing performance of three actuators under icing conditions at a specific power density. Following 120 s of de-icing, the ice layer covering the surface of the plasma actuator completely melted, forming a cavity. Conversely, the ice layer on the ceramic-based semiconductor actuator remained partially intact in a strip shape. Ice deposits were still visible on the surface of the resistance wire actuator. This observation highlights the remarkable de-icing speed of the plasma actuator. The propulsive force of plasma generated on the fluid inside the ice layer enhances heat transfer efficiency, thereby accelerating the de-icing process of the plasma actuator at the same power density. The analysis of the de-icing performance of these three novel types of actuators establishes a robust groundwork for exploring more effective aircraft de-icing methods. Furthermore, it furnishes theoretical underpinning for the advancement of composite anti-icing and de-icing strategies.
Optimizing an Organic Method of Sugar Beet Cultivation and Yield Gap Decrease in Northern Poland
Authors: Tyburski Józef , Nowakowski Mirosław , Nelke Robert , Żurek Marcin
Published: June 2024

In the period of 2016–2018, two series of field studies on organic sugar beet growing (Beta vulgaris L.) were carried out in northern Poland on Luvisol loamy soil (medium–heavy) soil in Bałcyny and Płonne. The aim of this study was to decrease the yield gap between organic and conventional beets. Factors to increase the yield of organic beet were differentiated fertilization (cattle farmyard manure (FYM), compost, and Bioilsa) and choice of varieties (Eliska, Jampol, and Sobieski). The reference point was the conventional cultivation of the same sugar beet varieties, fertilized with manure and NPK mineral fertilizers, the prevailing standard of sugar beet cultivation in Poland. High sugar beet root yields exceeding the average yield in Poland by 25–30% were obtained in both studies, both in conventional and organic cultivation. Higher root and white sugar yields were obtained in the study conducted at Płonne (with similar soil conditions to those at Bałcyny), but they were characterized by higher temperatures during the growing season. The lowest root yields in both experiments were obtained by fertilizing the organic beet with compost (66.1 t per ha in Bałcyny and 78.13 t per ha in Płonne), which were 10.8% and 8.5% lower than the conventional crop, respectively. Higher root yields in organic cultivation were obtained by fertilizing the sugar beet with FYM, which reduced the differences from conventional beet to 7.7% in the study in Bałcyny and 2.1% in the study in Płonne. Thus, the results showed no need to convert cattle FYM to compost. The highest root yields in organic cultivation were obtained by fertilizing the sugar beet with Bioilsa N 12.5 supplemented with mineral fertilization of K, Mg, and S (Patentkali). This fertilization provided a yield of 78.1 t of roots per ha in Bałcyny, which is a reduction in the yield gap to 1.4%, a statistically insignificant value. Moreover, in the study at Płonne, organic sugar beet fertilized with Bioilsa and Patentkali yielded 86.7 t of roots per ha, compared to 85.6 t per ha of conventional beet, so a yield gap was not seen here. The choice of varieties was also of great importance for root and pure sugar yields in both farming systems. The lowest yields were obtained from the Eliska variety, and at Bałcyny, a change of beet cultivar to Jampol increased the organic root yield from 68.8 t per ha to 76.0 t per ha, while reducing the yield gap from 10.1% to 2.2%. At Płonne, replacing the Eliska variety with Jampol reduced the yield gap between organic and conventional roots from 6.6% to 0.3%.
GC-MS Analysis and Evaluation of Essential Oils as Volatile Biopesticides: Assessing Their Acaricidal Potential against Varroa destructor
Authors: Raza Muhammad Fahad , Hyder Moazam , Zhao Chonghui , Li Wenfeng
Published: June 2024

Honey bees are crucial for ecosystem pollination and honey production, yet the Varroa destructor mite hinders their productivity and health. Efforts to manage Varroa mites with synthetic pesticides have had limited success, highlighting the need for naturally derived acaricides as a primary option. However, the acaricidal efficacy of essential oils from Salvia officinalis L. (sage), Cannabis sativa (hemp), and Laurus nobilis (laurel) remains to be fully understood. This study aims to investigate the acaricidal efficacy of these three essential oils at varying concentrations and their impact on honey production, focusing on the efficient reduction in Varroa mites. The sugar roll method was employed to assess Varroa mite infestation levels, while GC-MS analysis was utilized to verify the composition of the essential oils. Honey production measurements were also performed. The efficacy rates (%) at concentrations of 15%, 10%, and 5% for hemp oil were 95.4% ± 0.30%, 85.71% ± 0.85%, and 64.48% ± 0.26%, respectively; for sage oil, they were 81.08% ± 0.57%, 69.42% ± 1.72%, and 50.35% ± 0.70%; and for laurel oil, they were 68.96% ± 0.34%, 54.66% ± 0.37%, and 33.58% ± 0.30%, respectively. Key compounds identified include trans-caryophyllene, α-pinene, and viridiflorol in hemp oil; myrcene, limonene, and β-caryophyllene in sage oil; and phytol, β-myrcene, and n-heneicosane in laurel oil. The overall findings indicate that hemp oil is highly effective in controlling Varroa mites. However, further research is needed to evaluate its potential side effects on bees to ensure its sustainability and safety.
Novel Technical Parameters-Based Classification of Harvesters Using Principal Component Analysis and Q-Type Cluster Model
Authors: Yusuf Kibiya Abubakar , Amisi Edwin O. , Ding Qishuo , Chen Xinxin , Xu Gaoming , Jibril Abdulaziz Nuhu , Gedeon Moussita G. , Abdulhamid Zakariya M.
Published: June 2024

The advancement of agricultural mechanization necessitates precise and standardized classification based on technical characteristics to enhance green, efficient, and high-quality development. The current lack of scientific and standardized definitions and classifications for various types of agricultural machinery has become a bottleneck, complicating the machine selection and affecting the compatibility of the machinery with optimized field operations. To address this complexity, we propose a comprehensive classification method that integrates principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, and the qualitative analysis of the functional components for defining and scientifically classifying harvesters. The key functional and technical properties of harvesters were analyzed, and eight primary parameters (machine weight, cutting width, feed rate, rated power, overall machine length, width, height, and working efficiency) were selected, supplemented by nine key functional components (walking mechanism, cutting device, threshing device, separating device, cleaning device, grain collecting device, grain unloading device, cabin, and track size). In the first step, principal component analysis was performed to reduce the dimensionality of the parameters, yielding three principal components with contribution rates of 41.610%, 28.579%, and 15.134%, respectively. One primary parameter from each component was selected for further analysis. In the second stage, Q-type cluster analysis classified the harvesters based on the squared Euclidean distance between the operational parameters, resulting in three classes of harvesters. Finally, functional component analysis provided detailed insights, further refining the classification into four major categories: mini, small, medium, and large harvesters. The results of this work provide a scientific basis for the definition and classification of the harvester products available on the market. This method offers a robust framework for the rational selection and planning of agricultural machinery, promoting sustainable mechanization with a focus on technical parameters and functional attributes.
Design and Experiment of Dual-Row Seedling Pick-Up Device for High-Speed Automatic Transplanting Machine
Authors: Yue Rencai , Yao Mengjiao , Zhang Tengfei , Shi Jiawei , Zhou Jinhao , Hu Jianping
Published: June 2024

To address the inefficiency and instability of automatic transplanting machines, a dual-row seedling pick-up device and its corresponding control system were developed. Existing seedling end-effectors are primarily mechanically controlled, and the seedling needles can easily cause damage to the interior of the bowl. In order to reduce the damage inflicted by the end-effectors to the bowl, this paper conducted a mechanical analysis of the end-effector. At the same time, a buffer optimization analysis was conducted on the operation of the end-effector, and a flexible pneumatic end-effector for seedling picking was designed. The control system combined the detection of multiple sensors to monitor the process of seedling picking and throwing. By coordinating the lifting cylinder and clamping cylinder, the system effectively reduced seedling pot damage while improving seedling picking efficiency. By setting the operating parameters of the servo motor, the goal of low-speed and high-efficiency seedling picking was achieved. To evaluate the performance of the control system, the linear displacement sensors and acceleration testing systems were used to analyze the performance of the seedling throwing. The results showed that the seedling picking efficiency could reach 180 plants min−1, with no significant difference between the actual measured moving distance and the theoretical setting distance. The positioning error remained stable between 0.5 and 0.9 mm, which met the requirements for seedling picking accuracy. The buffer optimization design reduced the peak acceleration of the end-effector from −22.1 m/s2 to −13.4 m/s2, and the peak value was reduced by 39.4%, which proved the significant effectiveness of the buffer design. A performance test was conducted using 128-hole seed trays and 33-day-old cabbage seedlings for seedling picking and throwing. When the planting frequency reached 90 plants/row·min−1, the average success rate of picking and throwing seedlings was 97.3%. This indicates that the various components of the designed seedling pick-up device work in good coordination during operation, and the control system operates stably. Technical requirements for the automatic mechanical transplanting of tray seedlings were achieved, which can provide reference for research on automatic transplanting machines.
Effect of an Enriched Elevated Platform Rearing System on the Welfare and Bone Quality of Fattening Pigs
Authors: Yang Yue , Zhou Sitong , Li Xin , Fu Qin , Zhang Xiaohong , Ji Wenbo , Liu Honggui
Published: June 2024

An intensive breeding environment usually sacrifices the biological needs of pigs and will have a negative impact on the welfare and production efficiency of pigs. In this study, a bedding elevated platform rearing system was established and its effect on the welfare of fattening pigs was evaluated. A total of 456 fattening pigs were divided into the elevated platform rearing system group (EP) and control group (CON). The welfare of pigs during the rearing period (57–97 days of age) and the fattening periods (98–168 days of age) was assessed through behavioral observation, physiological indicators, growth performance, and bone quality. Pigs in the EP group showed less manipulating behavior and more playing behavior than pigs in the CON group during the first 48 h of the test. Moreover, EP pigs expressed more standing, play, and exploratory behaviors and less sitting, lying down, manipulating, and fighting behaviors than the CON pigs during the rearing period. More standing and playing behavior and less sitting, manipulating behavior, and fighting behavior were expressed in the EP group than the CON group during the fattening period. In both of the rearing and fattening periods, serum cortisol concentrations were lower in the EP group than the CON group; C-reactive protein concentrations were significantly higher in the EP group than CON group; TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IgA, IgG, and IgM levels were significantly higher in the EP group than the CON group, but IL-10 levels were significantly lower in the EP group than the CON group. The EP group had less skin lesions and a higher final body weight. Our study confirms that the enriched elevated platform rearing system promotes the expression of positive behaviors and reduced skin and limb lesions, which also improve the growth performance of pigs.
Are Heat Shock Proteins Important in Low-Temperature-Stressed Plants? A Minireview
Authors: Sadura Iwona , Janeczko Anna
Published: June 2024

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are mainly known to play important roles in plants against high-temperature (HT) stress. Their main function is to act as molecular chaperones for other proteins. It has also been proven that HSPs have a protective effect during other environmental stresses including low temperature (LT). To the best of our knowledge, the expression and role of HSPs in plants that have been exposed to LT have not yet been sufficiently reviewed. The aims of this minireview were (1) to briefly describe the origin, classification, structure, localisation and functions of HSPs, (2) to present the current knowledge about the changes in the accumulation of HSPs in plants that have been exposed to LT, (3) to discuss some of the molecular changes that occur during LT action and that lead to the accumulation of HSPs in plants and (4) to discuss the potential role of HSPs in acquiring tolerance to cold and frost in plants including economically important crop species. Some directions of research on the role of HSPs in plants growing in LT conditions are proposed.
Optimizing Nitrogen Application for Enhanced Yield and Quality of Strong-Gluten Wheat: A Case Study of Zhongmai 578 in the North China Plain
Authors: Meng Fangang , Zhao Ludi , Li Wenlu , Zhao Changxing
Published: June 2024

This study was designed to determine the optimal nitrogen application rate for strong-gluten wheat cultivation in the North China Plain. Employing Zhongmai 578, a strong-gluten wheat variety, a field experiment was conducted with the following four nitrogen levels: 0 kg/ha (N0), 150 kg/ha (N1), 210 kg/ha (N2), and 270 kg/ha (N3). The research focused on examining the impact of nitrogen application on the photosynthesis, yield, and quality of strong-gluten wheat. The findings revealed that the N2 treatment (210 kg/ha) yielded the highest results compared to the N0 treatment. Photosynthetic parameters, including chlorophyll content in wheat flag leaves, generally exhibited an increase followed by a decrease, peaking at 7 days after anthesis (except for the transpiration rate, which peaked at 14 days post-anthesis). In the first year, quality indices such as water absorption, capacity, sedimentation value, ductility, protein, and wet gluten initially increased and then decreased with rising nitrogen levels. Conversely, in the second year, these quality indices, including hardness, showed a progressive increase with elevated nitrogen application. These results indicate that enhanced nitrogen application can significantly improve the photosynthetic characteristics of strong-gluten wheat, thereby augmenting both yield and quality. Within the parameters of this experiment, an application of 210 kg/ha of nitrogen emerged as the optimal rate, promoting the superior yield and quality of strong-gluten wheat in the North China Plain.
Climate-Informed Management of Irrigated Cotton in Western Kansas to Reduce Groundwater Withdrawals
Authors: Baumhardt R. L. , Haag L. A. , Schwartz R. C. , Marek G. W.
Published: June 2024

The Ogallala aquifer, underlying eight states from South Dakota to Texas, is practically non-recharging south of Nebraska, and groundwater withdrawals for irrigation have lowered the aquifer in western Kansas. Subsequent well-yield declines encourage deficit irrigation, greater reliance on precipitation, and producing profitable drought-tolerant crops like upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum (L.)). Our objective was to evaluate deficit irrigated cotton growth, yield, and water productivity (CWP) in northwest, west-central, and southwest Kansas in relation to El Niño southern oscillation (ENSO) phase effects on precipitation and growing season cumulative thermal energy (CGDD). Using the GOSSYM crop growth simulator with actual 1961–2000 location weather records partitioned by the ENSO phase, we modeled crop growth, yield, and evapotranspiration (ET) for irrigation capacities of 2.5, 3.75, and 5.0 mmd−1 and periods of 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Regardless of location, the ENSO phase did not influence CGDD, but precipitation and lint yield decreased significantly in southwest Kansas during La Niña compared with the Neutral and El Niño phases. Simulated lint yields, ET, CWP, and leaf area index (LAI) increased with increasing irrigation capacity despite application duration. Southwestern Kansas producers may use ENSO phase information with deficit irrigation to reduce groundwater withdrawals while preserving desirable cotton yields.
Drought-Stressed Apple Tree Grafted onto Different Rootstocks in a Coastal Sandy Soil: Link between Fast Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Production Yield
Authors: Colpo Andrea , Demaria Sara , Zaccarini Marzio , Forlani Alessandro , Senatore Antonia , Marrocchino Elena , Martina Angela , Ferroni Lorenzo
Published: June 2024

Domesticated apple is a drought-sensitive species that spread from continental to Mediterranean temperate regions, where it can particularly experience prolonged water stress. One strategy to improve drought resistance in apple is engrafting on selected rootstocks. This study explores the potential of fast chlorophyll a fluorescence for the comparison of rootstock sensitivity to drought, looking for significant correlations with fruit productivity. The experiment was conducted in a field located in the coastal Po River Plain, Northern Italy, characterized by a loamy sandy soil, particularly prone to drought (86% sand). Mature plants of apple cv. Superchief® Sandidge engrafted on three different rootstocks (CIVP21pbr, MM106, M26) were monitored throughout the summer of 2021 and compared between irrigated and non-irrigated parcels, and at the end of the season, fruit production was evaluated. Despite soil water tension only reaching −13 kPa, the non-irrigated plants experienced a small but consistent loss of Photosystem II (PSII) activity and a lesser capacity of light energy conservation in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. The fruit weight correlated with PSII photochemical indexes recorded during early drought, particularly FV/FM and PIABS; a correlation emerged between fruit number per plant and median values of electron transport parameters, including PITOT. Although all rootstocks underwent a 40% loss of productivity, the fluorescence parameters revealed a graded susceptibility to drought, M26 > CIVP21pbr > MM106, which matched well with the plant vigour. The least drought-sensitive MM106 produced less numerous but heavier fruits than the other two rootstocks.
Soil Microbial Functions Linked Fragrant Rice 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline with Soil Active Carbon Pool: Evidence from Soil Metagenomic Sequencing of Tillage Practices
Authors: Huang Xiangwen , Lin Jiajun , Xie Qihuan , Shi Jingdan , Du Xiaoxu , Pan Shenggang , Tang Xiangru , Qi Jianying
Published: June 2024

Improved tillage management in fragrant rice cropping systems can enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) and the content of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2-AP), a crucial volatile compound contributing to the aroma of fragrant rice. Despite this, the interplay between 2-AP content in fragrant rice and SOC metabolism, alongside the influences exerted by soil microbial functions, remains poorly understood. This study introduces a comprehensive 6-year field experiment which aims to correlate SOC with rice grain 2-AP content by analyzing soil microbial KEGG functions, such as carbon and amino acid metabolism, using metagenomic sequencing. The experiment assessed three tillage practices, conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and no tillage (NT), with soil samples collected on three dates in 2022. The results indicated that NT significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced SOC content and modified carbon metabolism by upregulating the Calvin cycle (K01601) and reducing hemicellulose degradation (K01710). Additionally, NT notably increased the soil levels of alkaline amino acids, such as histidine and ornithine, which were 165.17% and 1218.42% higher, respectively, than those in CT, possibly linked to an increase in soil pH. Furthermore, the 2-AP content in fragrant rice under NT was significantly higher by 52.02% and 13.90% compared to under RT and CT, respectively. NT also upregulated K00250 (alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism) and K00290 (valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis), leading to significantly higher levels of 2-AP biosynthesis-related amino acids proline and glutamate in fragrant rice grain. This study links SOC and 2-AP biosynthesis via soil microbial functions, presenting a novel strategy for improving the quality of fragrant rice through soil management practices.
Evaluation of the Tibial Plateau–Patella Angle (TPPA) in Dogs
Authors: Zaimovic Nedim , Lorinson Dragan , Lorinson Karin , Tichy Alexander , Bockstahler Barbara
Published: June 2024

Estimating a dog’s patellar position involves various methods, which categorize it as norma, alta (high), or baja (low). However, they require various calculations. We aimed to evaluate the clinical applicability of a new method, the tibial plateau–patella angle (TPPA). This could aid in planning patella luxation surgery, estimating the patella position after TPLO and various osteotomies. We conducted a two-step study: first, on 15 stifles without pathologies from nine canine cadavers, and second, using 100 patient X-rays from the archive. Three stifle angle positions (45 ± 5°, 90 ± 5°, and 135 ± 5°) and three weight groups (S, M, and L) were evaluated in the first part of this study. Based on these results, the second part of this study was conducted using 100 pathology-free radiographs at the optimal stifle angle (90 ± 5°) from the archive. All radiographs were measured by three observers with varying levels of experience. Our results indicate that the stifle angle significantly impacted the TPPA, whereby lower values were detected with higher stifle angles, which remained consistent within the weight groups. High inter- and intra-observer agreement was achieved. The physiological TPPA values ranged from 26.7° to 48.8°, remaining consistent within the various weight groups. Observer 3 in Group S exhibited a 20% (insignificant) deviation, possibly due to challenges in determining the caudal point of the tibial plateau. In contrast with humans, TPPA values in dogs are negatively correlated with stifle angles, independent of weight. Our reliable and reproducible protocol suggests the potential benefits of training on small-breed dogs stifles.
Lactobacillus delbrueckii Ameliorated Blood Lipids via Intestinal Microbiota Modulation and Fecal Bile Acid Excretion in a Ningxiang Pig Model
Authors: Hou Gaifeng , Wei Liangkai , Li Rui , Chen Fengming , Yin Jie , Huang Xingguo , Yin Yulong
Published: June 2024

Lactobacillus delbrueckii intervention can regulate body lipid metabolism, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our study investigated the effects of L. delbrueckii on serum lipid levels, tissular fat metabolism and deposition, bile acid metabolism, and gut microbiota in Ningxiang pigs. Ninety-six pigs were divided into two groups and fed basal diets containing either 0 (CON) or 0.1% L. delbrueckii (LD) for 60 days. Dietary L. delbrueckii promoted fecal total bile acid (TBA) excretion and increased hepatic enzyme activities related to cholesterol and bile synthesis but decreased hepatic and serum lipid concentrations. L. delbrueckii downregulated gene expression associated with fatty acid synthesis but upregulated gene expression related to lipolysis and β-fatty acid oxidation in liver and subcutaneous fat. L. delbrueckii elevated gut Lactobacillus abundance and colonic short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria but declined the abundance of some pathogenic bacteria. These findings demonstrated that L. delbrueckii modulated intestinal microbiota composition and facilitated fecal TBA excretion to regulate hepatic fat metabolism, which resulted in less lipid deposition in the liver and reduced levels of serum lipids.
First Report of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Leporine Shadow of Prion Protein Gene (SPRN) and Absence of Nonsynonymous SNPs in the Open Reading Frame (ORF) in Rabbits
Authors: Memon Sameeullah , Wang Zerui , Zou Wen-Quan , Kim Yong-Chan , Jeong Byung-Hoon
Published: June 2024

Prion disorders are fatal infectious diseases that are caused by a buildup of pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) in susceptible mammals. According to new findings, the shadow of prion protein (Sho) encoded by the shadow of prion protein gene (SPRN) is associated with prion protein (PrP), promoting the progression of prion diseases. Although genetic polymorphisms in SPRN are associated with susceptibility to several prion diseases, genetic polymorphisms in the rabbit SPRN gene have not been investigated in depth. We discovered two novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the leporine SPRN gene on chromosome 18 and found strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) between them. Additionally, strong LD was not found between the polymorphisms of PRNP and SPRN genes in rabbits. Furthermore, nonsynonymous SNPs that alter the amino acid sequences within the open reading frame (ORF) of SPRN have been observed in prion disease-susceptible animals, but this is the first report in rabbits. As far as we are aware, this study represents the first examination of the genetic features of the rabbit SPRN gene.
Cellulosimicrobium Infections in Humans—A Narrative Review
Authors: Ioannou Petros , Vorria Alexandra , Samonis George
Published: June 2024

Cellulosimicrobium species (formerly known as Oerskovia) are Gram-positive filamentous bacteria in the family Promicromonosporaceae and are more commonly found in sewage and soil. The present study aimed to identify all the published cases of Cellulosimicrobium species infections in the literature, describe the epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological characteristics, and provide data regarding its antimicrobial resistance, treatment, and outcomes. A narrative review was performed based on a PubMed and Scopus database search. In total, 38 studies provided data on 40 patients with infections by these species. The median age of patients was 52.5 years, and 55% were male. The most common infection types were bacteremia, infective endocarditis (IE), osteoarticular infections, peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis, and endophthalmitis. Antimicrobial resistance to vancomycin and the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole was minimal, and vancomycin was the most commonly used antimicrobial for treating these infections. Overall mortality was minimal for all infections, except for bacteremia and IE, which carried high mortality rates.
Biphasic Medium Using Nicotinamide for Detection of Pyrazinamide Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Thuansuwan Waraporn , Chuchottaworn Charoen , Nakajima Chie , Suzuki Yasuhiko , Chaichanawongsaroj Nuntaree
Published: June 2024

Reliable drug susceptibility testing of pyrazinamide (PZA) is technically difficult, since PZA activity is pH sensitive. The aim of this study was to evaluate a biphasic medium assay (BMA) for the reliable detection of PZA resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) using nicotinamide (NIC) as a surrogate for PZA and identifying the appropriate cut-off value for the assay. The PZA susceptibility of 122 multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) isolates and 39 drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB) isolates was examined using the BMA with NIC at four different concentrations (250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/L) and comparing the results with results from the BACTEC MGIT 960 reference method. Out of 122 MDR-TB isolates, 40 were identified as resistant by the BACTEC MGIT 960 system, of which 92.5% contained mutations within their pncA gene plus promoter region. A minimum inhibitory concentration of NIC ≥ 1000 mg/L was used as the cut-off concentration to define resistance in correlation with the MGIT 960 outcomes. NIC-BMA had a sensitivity of 90.91%, a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 97.52% compared with the MGIT 960 method. NIC-BMA is a promising assay to screen PZA resistance in microbiological laboratories without automation or advanced molecular instruments.
Oxidative Stress as a Target for Non-Pharmacological Intervention in MAFLD: Could There Be a Role for EVOO?
Authors: Seidita Aurelio , Cusimano Alessandra , Giuliano Alessandra , Meli Maria , Carroccio Antonio , Soresi Maurizio , Giannitrapani Lydia
Published: June 2024

Oxidative stress plays a central role in most chronic liver diseases and, in particular, in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), the new definition of an old condition known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mechanisms leading to hepatocellular fat accumulation in genetically predisposed individuals who adopt a sedentary lifestyle and consume an obesogenic diet progress through mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, which amplifies reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, and influence the release of chronic inflammation and liver damage biomarkers, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. This close pathogenetic link has been a key stimulus in the search for therapeutic approaches targeting oxidative stress to treat steatosis, and a number of clinical trials have been conducted to date on subjects with NAFLD using drugs as well as supplements or nutraceutical products. Vitamin E, Vitamin D, and Silybin are the most studied substances, but several non-pharmacological approaches have also been explored, especially lifestyle and diet modifications. Among the dietary approaches, the Mediterranean Diet (MD) seems to be the most reliable for affecting liver steatosis, probably with the added value of the presence of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a healthy food with a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, and variable concentrations of phenols (oleocanthal) and phenolic alcohols, such as hydroxytyrosol (HT) and tyrosol (Tyr). In this review, we focus on non-pharmacological interventions in MAFLD treatment that target oxidative stress and, in particular, on the role of EVOO as one of the main antioxidant components of the MD.
Cytotoxic Oxidative Stress Effects of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps’ Components on Cattle Spermatozoa
Authors: Rivera-Concha Rodrigo , León Marion , Prado-Sanhueza Aurora , Sánchez Raúl , Taubert Anja , Hermosilla Carlos , Uribe Pamela , Zambrano Fabiola
Published: June 2024

Bovine spermatozoa are highly susceptible to oxidative stress (OS), and it is known to affect their cellular functions. The main leukocyte producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mammalian semen are polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). PMN activation can result in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which have been shown to affect the motility and function of spermatozoa. However, OS effects on bull spermatozoa derived from individual NETs components have not been investigated. The hypothesis of this study was that specific NETs components might generate OS on bull spermatozoa. Bovine sperm cells were incubated with five NETs-associated molecules, including 30 μg/mL histone 2A (H2A), neutrophil elastase (NE), 1 μg/mL myeloperoxidase (MPO), cathepsin G (Cat-G), and cathelicidin LL37 (LL-37), for a time course ranging from 15 to 240 min. Fluorescence microscopy was used to evaluate the coincubation of bovine PMN and sperm cells. Within 15 min, H2A, NE, and LL-37 caused membrane disruption, while MPO and Cat-G caused OS on bull spermatozoa after 1 h of coincubation. NET formation was observed within 15 min of coincubation in co-cultures of bovine PMN/sperm cells. This study is the first to report on the role of cytotoxic OS effects caused by NETs-derived components in bovine sperm in vitro.
The Interactive Effects of the Anti-Sea Lice Pesticide Azamethiphos and Temperature on Oxidative Damage and Antioxidant Responses in the Oyster Ostrea chilensis
Authors: Montory Jaime A. , Cubillos Victor M. , Chaparro Oscar R. , Gebauer Paulina , Lee Matthew R. , Ramírez-Kuschel Eduardo , Paredes-Molina Francisco , Lara-Sandoval Valentina , Cumillaf Juan P. , Salas-Yanquin Luis P. , Büchner-Miranda Joseline A.
Published: June 2024

Azamethiphos is used in the salmon industry to treat sea lice and is subsequently discharged into the sea, which may affect non-target species (NTS). A rise in seawater temperature could enhance the sensitivity of NTS. Thus, in the present investigation, the combined effects of azamethiphos (0 µg L−1, 15 µg L−1 and 100 µg L−1) and temperature (12 °C and 15 °C) was assessed over time (7 days) in the gonads and gills of the oyster Ostrea chilensis, assessing its oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls) and total antioxidant capacity. Our results indicated that in gonads and gills, lipid peroxidation levels increased over time during exposure to both pesticide concentrations. Protein carbonyl levels in gills increased significantly in all experimental treatments; however, in gonads, only pesticide concentration and exposure time effected a significant increase in protein damage. In both, gill and gonad temperature did not influence oxidative damage levels. Total antioxidant capacity in gonads was influenced only by temperature treatment, whereas in the gills, neither temperature nor azamethiphos concentration influenced defensive responses. In conclusion, our results indicated the time of pesticide exposure (both concentrations) had a greater influence than temperature on the cellular damage in this oyster.
The Role of the Logistics Operator in the Network Coordination of Omni-Channels
Authors: Kramarz Marzena , Kmiecik Mariusz
Published: June 2024

This research aims to bridge a critical gap within the realm of logistics coordination, specifically targeted at bolstering the coordination of flows in omni-channels. The outcome of this study culminates in the creation of a comprehensive tool for evaluating logistics operators, discerning those who exhibit supreme proficiency in orchestrating network dynamics within omni-channel contexts. To fulfil the objectives of this paper and elucidate pertinent research inquiries, an exhaustive literature review is coupled with meticulous scrutiny of the SCOPUS database via the advanced VOSviewer 1.6.20 software. The research delineates an array of coordination mechanisms accessible to logistics operators, which can be judiciously tailored as a bespoke fusion of market-driven, social, hierarchical, and logistical coordination tactics. These mechanisms expand upon antecedent investigations, encompassing both network coordination paradigms and the pivotal role of logistics operators within omni-channel frameworks. Experts assessed that forecasting network flows is the most significant element in logistical coordination, receiving a weight of 0.1312, while managing network participants’ resources from the logistics operator level received a weight of 0.1148. A tangible contribution to the academic discourse transpires as we introduce a pioneering tool meticulously designed for stakeholders entrenched in omni-channel distribution networks. Termed the ‘Multicriteria Assessment Sheet for Evaluating the Coordination Competence of Logistics Operators within Omni-channel Systems,’ this instrument augments the scholarly landscape.
Investigating the Performance of a Novel Modified Binary Black Hole Optimization Algorithm for Enhancing Feature Selection
Authors: Al-Eiadeh Mohammad Ryiad , Qaddoura Raneem , Abdallah Mustafa
Published: June 2024

High-dimensional datasets often harbor redundant, irrelevant, and noisy features that detrimentally impact classification algorithm performance. Feature selection (FS) aims to mitigate this issue by identifying and retaining only the most pertinent features, thus reducing dataset dimensions. In this study, we propose an FS approach based on black hole algorithms (BHOs) augmented with a mutation technique termed MBHO. BHO typically comprises two primary phases. During the exploration phase, a set of stars is iteratively modified based on existing solutions, with the best star selected as the “black hole”. In the exploration phase, stars nearing the event horizon are replaced, preventing the algorithm from being trapped in local optima. To address the potential randomness-induced challenges, we introduce inversion mutation. Moreover, we enhance a widely used objective function for wrapper feature selection by integrating two new terms based on the correlation among selected features and between features and classification labels. Additionally, we employ a transfer function, the V2 transfer function, to convert continuous values into discrete ones, thereby enhancing the search process. Our approach undergoes rigorous evaluation experiments using fourteen benchmark datasets, and it is compared favorably against Binary Cuckoo Search (BCS), Mutual Information Maximization (MIM), Joint Mutual Information (JMI), and minimum Redundancy Maximum Eelevance (mRMR), approaches. The results demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed model in selecting superior features that enhance classifier performance metrics. Thus, MBHO is presented as a viable alternative to the existing state-of-the-art approaches. We make our implementation source code available for community use and further development.
Machine Learning-Based Classification of Rock Bursts in an Active Coal Mine Dominated by Non-Destructive Tremors
Authors: Wojtecki Łukasz , Bukowska Mirosława , Iwaszenko Sebastian , Apel Derek B.
Published: June 2024

Rock bursts are dynamic phenomena in underground openings, causing damage to support and infrastructure, and are one of the main natural hazards in underground coal mines. The prediction of rock bursts is important for improving safety in mine openings. The hazard of rock bursts is correlated with seismic activity, but rock bursts are rare compared to non-destructive tremors. The five machine learning classifiers (multilayer perceptron, adaptive boosting, gradient boosting, K-nearest neighbors, and Gaussian naïve Bayes), along with an ensemble hard-voting classifier composed of these classifiers, were used to recognize rock bursts among the dominant non-destructive tremors. Machine learning models were trained and tested on ten sets of randomly selected data obtained from one of the active hard coal mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland. For each of the 627 cases in the database, 15 features representing geological, geomechanical, mining, and technical conditions in the opening as well as tremor energy and correlated peak particle velocity were determined. Geological and geomechanical parameters of the coal seams and surrounding rocks were aggregated into a single GEO index. The share of rock bursts in the database was only about 8.5%; therefore, the ADASYN balancing method, which addresses imbalanced datasets, was used. The ensemble hard-voting classifier most effectively classified rock bursts, with an average recall of 0.74.
Optimization Challenges in Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Systems and Artificial Intelligence Solving Methods
Authors: Escoto Marc , Guerrero Antoni , Ghorbani Elnaz , Juan Angel A.
Published: June 2024

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems play a key role in the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into smart grids by enabling bidirectional energy flows between EVs and the grid. Optimizing V2G operations poses significant challenges due to the dynamic nature of energy demand, grid constraints, and user preferences. This paper addresses the optimization challenges in V2G systems and explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) methods to tackle these challenges. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of existing work on optimization in V2G systems and identifies gaps where AI-driven algorithms, machine learning, metaheuristic extensions, and agile optimization concepts can be applied. Case studies and examples demonstrate the efficacy of AI-driven algorithms in optimizing V2G operations, leading to improved grid stability, cost optimization, and user satisfaction. Furthermore, agile optimization concepts are introduced to enhance flexibility and responsiveness in V2G optimization. The paper concludes with a discussion on the challenges and future directions for integrating AI-driven methods into V2G systems, highlighting the potential for these intelligent algorithms and methods.
Seismic Blind Deconvolution Based on Self-Supervised Machine Learning
Authors: Yin Xia , Xu Wenhao , Yang Zhifang , Wu Bangyu
Published: June 2024

Seismic deconvolution is a useful tool in seismic data processing. Classical non-machine learning deconvolution methods usually apply quite a few constraints to both wavelet inversion and reflectivity inversion. Supervised machine learning deconvolution methods often require appropriate training labels. The existing self-supervised machine learning deconvolution methods need a given wavelet, which is a non-blind process. To overcome these issues, we propose a blind deconvolution method based on self-supervised machine learning. This method first estimates an initial zero-phase wavelet by smoothing the amplitude spectrum of averaged seismic data. Then, the loss function of self-supervised machine learning is taken as the error between the observed seismic data and the reconstructed seismic data that come from the convolution of phase-rotated wavelet and reflectivity generated by the network. We utilize a residual neural network with long skip connections as the reflectivity inversion network and a fully connected convolutional neural network as the wavelet phase inversion network. Numerical experiments on synthetic data and field data show that the proposed method can obtain reflectivity inversion results with higher resolution than the existing self-supervised machine learning method without given wavelet.
Experimental Analysis and Numerical Modelling of the Mechanical Behavior of a Sisal-Fiber-Reinforced Geopolymer
Authors: Benfratello Salvatore , Cirello Antonino , Palizzolo Luigi , Sanfilippo Carmelo , Valenza Antonino
Published: June 2024

The present paper is devoted to the proposal of appropriate numerical modelling able to provide a suitable description of the mechanical behavior of a composite geopolymer. Reference is made to a natural sisal-fiber-reinforced geopolymer. The study is based on the results of appropriate experimental investigations for compressive, flexural and splitting loadings, taking into account different weight percentages of fibers to evidence their role in the mechanical behavior. The main objective of the paper is to calibrate the microplane constitutive model, available in ANSYS software version 18.1, where the numerical analyses are performed. Therefore, the present study is structured in two different steps. Firstly, the mechanical behavior of geopolymers reinforced with sisal fibers is experimentally investigated, and subsequently, the gathered test data are interpreted and utilized to calibrate the relevant constitutive model to be used in the numerical stage. The obtained results are compared with experimental data, yielding good correlations. The paper’s results supply the parameters required to obtain an affordable numerical model of the reinforced geopolymer for different percentages of fibers to be adopted for material design with assigned mechanical properties.
Swimming Performance Interpreted through Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)—Practical Tests and Training Variables Modelling
Authors: Carvalho Diogo Duarte , Goethel Márcio Fagundes , Silva António J. , Vilas-Boas João Paulo , Pyne David B. , Fernandes Ricardo J.
Published: June 2024

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) models with Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) values allows multidimensional representation of movement performance interpreted on both global and local levels in terms understandable to human intuition. We aimed to evaluate the swimming performance (World Aquatics points) predictability of a combination of demographic, training, anthropometric, and biomechanical variables (inputs) through XAI. Forty-seven swimmers (16 males), after completing a training questionnaire (background and duration) and anthropometric assessment, performed, in a randomised order, a 25 m front crawl and three countermovement jumps, at maximal intensity. The predicted World Aquatics points (516 ± 159; mean ± SD) were highly correlated (r2 = 0.93) with the 529 ± 158 actual values. The duration of swimming training was the most important variable (95_SHAP), followed by the countermovement jump impulse (37_SHAP), both with a positive effect on performance. In contrast, a higher percentage of fat mass (21_SHAP) corresponded to lower World Aquatics points. Impulse, when interpreted together with dryland training duration and stroke rate, shows the positive effects of upper and lower limb power on swimming performance. Height should be interpreted together with arm span when exploring positive effects of anthropometric traits on swimming performance. The XAI modelling highlights the usefulness of specific training, technical and physical testing, and anthropometric factors for monitoring swimmers.