bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Study Towards Total Synthesis of Antibiotic Agrocin 84.
Authors: FILIPPOV D. , TIMMERS C. M. , VAN DER MAREL G. A. , VAN BOOM J. H.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Boranophosphate Oligonucleotides: New Synthetic Approaches.
Authors: SERGUEEV D. , HASAN A. , RAMASWAMY M. , RAMSAY SHAW B.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pseudouridine.
Authors: HEMPEL A. , LANE B. G. , CAMERMAN N.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies in Marine Macrolide Synthesis: Synthesis of a C16—C28 Subunit of Spongistatin 1 (Altohyrtin A) Incorporating the CD‐Spiroacetal Moiety.
Authors: PATERSON I. , WALLACE D. J. , GIBSON K. R.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Phenyl Nitrogen Mustard and Half‐Mustard Derivatives of Amidino‐Modified Distamycin.
Authors: COZZI P. , BERIA I. , BIASOLI G. , CALDARELLI M. , CAPOLONGO L. , GERONI C. , MONGELLI N.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First Total Synthesis of Acerogenin C and Aceroside IV.
Authors: ISLAS GONZALEZ G. , ZHU J.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of Cyclic Structures.
Authors: RANDIC M.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Incorporation of Buckminsterfullerene C60 in the Supercages of Zeolite Y.
Authors: SASTRE G. , CANO M. L. , CORMA A. , GARCIA H. , NICOLOPOULOS S. , GONZALEZ‐CALBET J. M. , VALLET‐REGI M.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiviral Nucleoside Analogues with Axial Chirality
Authors: ZEMLICKA J.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiomeric Recognition of Amine Compounds by Chiral Macrocyclic Receptors
Authors: ZHANG X. X. , BRADSHAW J. S. , IZATT R. M.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Fluorides: Compounds Containing Carbon—Metal—Fluorine Fragments of d‐Block Metals
Authors: MURPHY E. F. , MURUGAVEL R. , ROESKY H. W.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Cyclic Homodetic Peptides
Authors: BLACKBURN C. , KATES S. A.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Properties of Solid Supports
Authors: MELDAL M.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Topological Aspects of Anion Coordination
Authors: ATWOOD J. L. , STEED J. W.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Separation of Lanthanoids and Actinoids with Ionizable Crown Ethers
Authors: WAI C. M.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vernoniosides and an Androstane Glycoside from Vernonia kotschyana.
Authors: SANOGO R. , GERMANO M. P. , DE TOMMASI N. , PIZZA C. , AQUINO R.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Approach for the Synthesis of Pseudo‐Peptides Incorporating a (2S,3R)‐2‐Amino‐cyclopropane Carboxylic Acid Residue.
Authors: HIBBS D. E. , HURSTHOUSE M. B. , JONES I. G. , JONES W. , MALIK K. M. A. , NORTH M.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cupolamide A: A Cytotoxic Cyclic Heptapeptide from Two Samples of the Sponge Theonella cupola.
Authors: BONNINGTON L. S. , TANAKA J. , HIGA T. , KIMURA J. , YOSHIMURA Y. , NAKAO Y. , YOSHIDA W. Y. , SCHEUER P. J.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 4‐Aryl and 4‐Vinylphenylalanines by Stille Cross‐Coupling Reaction.
Authors: MORERA E. , ORTAR G.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 5‐Methylphosphono‐D‐arabino Hydroximolactone, Inhibitor of Glucosamine‐6‐phosphate Synthase and Phosphoglucose Isomerase.
Authors: LE CAMUS C. , CHASSAGNE A. , BADET‐DENISOT M.‐A. , BADET B.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Secoiridoid Glucosides from Jasminum urophyllum.
Authors: SHEN Y.‐C. , HSIEH P.‐W.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopeptide Alkaloids of Scutia buxifolia.
Authors: MOREL A. F. , MACHADO E. C. S. , MOREIRA J. J. , MENEZES A. S. , MOSTARDEIRO M. A. , ZANATTA N. , WESSJOHANN L. A.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Indole Alkaloids from Aerial Parts of Vinca sardoa.
Authors: NICOLETTI M. , SERAFINI M. , FEDERICI E. , GALEFFI C. , POLI F.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Prenylated C6—C3 Compounds from Root Bark of Illicium anisatum.
Authors: KOUNO I. , SHIMAMOTO S. , JIANG Z.‐H. , TANAKA T.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Isoflavonoids and a Pterocarpan from Gliricidia sepium.
Authors: HERATH H. M. T. B. , DASSANAYAKE R. S. , PRIYADARSHANI A. M. A. , DE SILVA S. , WANNIGAMA G. P. , JAMIE J.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New β‐Lactam Monocyclic Inhibitors of Human Elastases: Synthesis and anti‐Elastase Properties of 1‐Carbamoyl‐4‐methyleneaminoxyazetidinone Derivatives.
Authors: BALSAMO A. , ASTI C. , BELFIORE M. S. , BRANDOLINI L. , CERCIGNANI G. , GENTILI D. , MACCHIA M. , MANTOVANINI M. , ORLANDINI E. , ROSSELLO A.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards a Total Synthesis of Ulapualide A. A Concise Synthesis of the tris‐Oxazole Macrolide Core and Entire Carbon Skeleton.
Authors: CHATTOPADHYAY S. K. , PATTENDEN G.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Succinylanthranilic Acid Ester and Other Bioactive Constituents of Jolyna laminarioides.
Authors: ATTA‐UR‐RAHMAN ATTA‐UR‐RAHMAN , CHOUDHARY M. I. , MAJEED A. , SHABBIR M. , GHANI U. , SHAMEEL M.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Redox Properties of MCM‐48 Containing Copper and Zinc.
Authors: HARTMANN M. , RACOUCHOT S. , BISCHOF C.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Reactions
Authors: TIETZE L. F.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Spontaneous Hydrogen Atom Transfer on Ionization: Characterization of Enol Radical Cations in Cryogenic Matrices
Authors: GEBICKI J. , BALLY T.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molybdenum Open‐Shell Organometallics. Spin State Changes and Pairing Energy Effects
Authors: POLI R.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Building Block Approaches to Aliphatic Organofluorine Compounds
Authors: PERCY J. M.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Poly(ethylene Glycol)‐containing Supports for Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Peptides and Combinatorial Organic Libraries
Authors: BARANY G. , ALBERICIO F. , KATES S. A. , KEMPE M.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Strained Olefins
Authors: SANDSTROM J.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Voglibose (Basen®), an Antidiabetic Agent
Authors: FUKASE H.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenolic Constituents of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Species)
Authors: NOMURA T. , FUKAI T.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modelling of the Nonlinear Behavior of Compatibilized Polyethylene/Polyamide Blends in Shear and Extensional Flows
Authors: Huitric Jacques , Moan Michel , Klopffer Marie‐Hélène
Published: July 2010

We have studied the effect of the amount Φc of a reactive compatibilizer on the rheological properties of a polyethylene/polyamide blend, under steady shear and transient extensional flows. Here, we propose to describe the viscosity η(γ) and the first normal stress coefficient γ1(γ) using a Carreau‐type power‐law model, which is a three‐parameter model. A single model is sufficient to express the behavior of γ1(γ) On the other hand, the complete η(γ) curve is described by the superposition of two Carreau models, in relation to the presence of two relaxation mechanisms. Moreover, the extentional viscosity ηE(ϵ), estimated using the end pressure drop observed in capillary flow experiments, is expressed by a two‐parameter power‐law model.
Flow Regime Transitions in Trickle‐bed Reactors with Structured Packings
Authors: Battista Jorge , Muzen Alejandra , Cassanello Miryan , Böhm Ursula
Published: July 2010

The flow pattern in a trickle‐bed reactor (TBR) filled with structured packings (SPs) is inspected within a wide range of gas and liquid velocities using air and water, or CMC solutions of different viscosities, as model fluids. Flow regime transitions are identified from the analysis of time series of the current intensity measured with a polarized electrode that is part of the packing. Results are compared with a reported general correlation for determining flow regime transitions in conventional TBR.
Mass Distribution and Diffusion of [1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium][Y] Ionic Liquids Adsorbed on the Graphite Surface at 300–800 K
Authors: Dou Qiang , Sha Maolin , Fu Haiying , Wu Guozhong
Published: July 2010

The structure and diffusion behavior of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ([bmim]+) ionic liquids with [Cl]−, [PF6]−, and [Tf2N]− counterions near a hydrophobic graphite surface are investigated by molecular dynamics simulation over the temperature range of 300–800 K. Near the graphite surface the structure of the ionic liquid differs from that in the bulk and it forms a well‐ordered region extending over 30 Å from the surface. The bottom layer of the ionic liquid is stable over the investigated temperature range due to the inherent slow dynamics of the ionic liquid and the strong Coulombic interactions between cation and anion. In the bottom layer, diffusion is strongly anisotropic and predominantly occurs along the graphite surface. Diffusion perpendicular to the interface (interfacial mass transfer rate kt) is very slow due to strong ion–substrate interaction. The diffusion behaviors of the three ionic liquids in the two directions all follow an Arrhenius relation, and the activation barrier increases with decreasing anion size. Such an Arrhenius relation is applied to surface‐adsorbed ionic liquids for the first time. The ion size and the surface electrical charge density of the anions are the major factors determining the diffusion behavior of the ionic liquid adjacent to the graphite surface.
Pressure‐Induced Structural Transition in WO3 Nanowires
Authors: Chen Jian , Chen Shanghui , Lu Dongyu , Zhang Weihong , Xie Fangyan , Xie Weiguang , Gong Li , Wang Chengxin
Published: July 2010

Raman spectroscopic analysis is performed on WO3 nanowires at room temperature at pressures from ambient conditions to 45 GPa. Linear dependence of the first‐order Raman signal on various high‐pressure (HP) sections is observed. Upon increasing the applied pressure, the WO3 nanowires undergo four phase transitions at pressures around 1.7, 4.6, 21.5, and 26.2 GPa, which are all less than that reported for bulk WO3. When the pressure is up to 42.5 GPa, a new high‐pressure phase (HP5) appears. This phase has never been reported and is not reversible while unloading the pressure.
Primary stromal sarcoma of breast with malignant fibrous histiocytoma‐like features causing diagnostic dilemma on fine‐needle aspiration cytology in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of cervix: A case report
Authors: Prasad Priyavadhana Rajan , Kumar Bipin , Kumar Surendra , Basu Debdatta , Siddaraju Neelaiah
Published: July 2010

A variety of malignant spindle‐cell tumors are known to occur in the breast, which are collectively referred to as “breast spindle‐cell tumors.” Their interpretation on fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can be highly tricky. Here, we report a case.

A 47‐year‐old female presented with a hard, mobile lump in the right breast for 4 months. Five years previous to this, she was treated with radiotherapy for squamous‐cell carcinoma (SCC) of cervix. FNA of the breast lump showed high‐cell yield with clusters, fascicles, and dissociated cells displaying spindle‐cell morphology, with marked pleomorphism, many bizarre uninucleate/multinucleate giant cells, and a striking mitotic activity. At places, the cells in a necrotic background simulated keratinized squamous cells. Considering the past history of SCC of cervix, the first possibility of metastatic SCC with a differential diagnosis of metaplastic carcinoma, malignant phylloides, and a primary sarcoma of the breast was considered. Subsequent trucut/excision biopsy with appropriate immunomarkers revealed it to be a case of primary stromal sarcoma ofthe breast with malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH)‐like features.

Malignant spindle‐cell tumor of breast in a patient with SCC of cervix (which also has a tendency to manifest with spindle cell morphology) can cause genuine diagnostic difficulty. In such patients, use of appropriate panel of markers is mandatory for distinguishing between the metastatic SCC from cervix and other more commonly occurring spindle‐cell malignancies of the breast. Diagn. Cytopathol.2011;39:223–228. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FN1, GALE, MET, and QPCT overexpression in papillary thyroid carcinoma: Molecular analysis using frozen tissue and routine fine‐needle aspiration biopsy samples
Authors: da Silveira Mitteldorf Cristina Aparecida Troques , de Sousa‐Canavez Juliana Moreira , Leite Kátia Ramos Moreira , Massumoto Celso , Camara‐Lopes Luis Heraldo
Published: July 2010

Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem, and fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is widely used for its evaluation. Only 5% are malignant, being papillary carcinoma (PC) the most frequent neoplasia. Approximately 20% are classified as indeterminate or suspicious for malignancy. Gene‐expression pattern may be useful for diagnosing PC in difficult or ambiguous cases. In our prior study, we were able to apply RT‐PCR method in a series of routinely performed FNAB of thyroid nodules using individual, residual samples. In this study, a total of 70 thyroid samples were evaluated for the expression of MPPED2, H/HBA2, MET, FN1, GALE, and QPCT genes, including 24 cases of frozen thyroid tissue, 12 nodular hyperplasia and 12 PC, and the 46 consecutive thyroid FNAB samples, previously analyzed (3 positive, 10 indeterminate and 32 negative for malignancy, and 1 insufficient). FN1, GALE, MET, and QPCT mRNA expression were significantly different in benign and malignant samples, with similar pattern of overexpression in aspirates compared to frozen tissue. H/HBA2 and MPPED2 expression varied. Histological correlation was possible in five indeterminate cases, revealing one PC and four benign lesions. In conclusion, FN1, GALE, MET, and QPCT were significantly overexpressed in thyroid PC. RT‐PCR method could be applied to routine FNAB, showing a similar pattern of overexpression. Despite the small number of cases evaluated, our results suggest that molecular analysis may be of assistance in patients with indeterminate/suspicious cytology, adding elements for preoperative diagnosis and better management of these patients. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of early traumatic experience on vocal expression of emotion in young female rhesus macaques
Authors: Jovanovic Tanja , Maestripieri Dario
Published: July 2010

The present study used a cross‐fostering procedure to investigate the effects of early traumatic experience on vocal expressions of emotions in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). The subjects of the study were 12 juvenile females: six were born to abusive mothers and reared by nonabusive controls, and six were born to controls and reared by abusive mothers. The cross‐fostering took place within 24–48 hr after birth. Vocalizations were recorded from the subjects in their social groups during their first 2 years of life. Abusive mothers maltreated their adopted daughters in the first 2–3 months after birth with patterns similar to those previously shown with their biological offspring. Abused females produced proportionally more noisy screams compared to controls. While controls used noisy screams during contact aggression and tonal screams during non‐contact aggression, the screams from the abused animals appeared to be distributed equally across contexts. Acoustical analyses revealed that the screams of the abused females were less modulated and had lower fundamental frequencies compared to the screams of controls. Taken together, these results suggest that traumatic experiencee in the first few months of life can have long‐term effects on vocal emotional expression in rhesus macaques. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 794–801, 2010.
The association of variable number of tandem repeats of the insulin gene with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes among Korean subjects
Authors: Chung Hye Rim , Yang Sei Won , Shin Choong Ho , Park Kyong Soo , Lee Young Ah , Kim Jae Hyun , Lee Sun Hee , Kim Ji Hyun
Published: July 2010

Background

There is ethnic variation in the variable number of tandem repeats of the insulin gene (INS VNTR), one of the susceptibility loci for developing type 1 diabetes (T1D). We evaluated the influence of the genotypes and subdivisions of INS VNTR on the development of T1D in Korean subjects.

Methods

The study included 352 Korean patients, under the age of 18 years who were diagnosed as having T1D, and 356 control subjects. The insulin − 23HphI A/T single nucleotide polymorphism was used as a marker of class I and III alleles. Surrounding polymorphisms at nucleotide positions + 1127, + 1140, + 2331 and + 2336 were determined as subdivisions of INS VNTR.

Results

Classes I/I, I/III and III/III were observed at frequencies of 95.8, 4.2 and 0% among all subjects, respectively. Class I/III genotype was significantly less frequent in patients with T1D than in controls (2.56 versus 5.90%; odds ratio 0.419; P = 0.039). In a subdivision analysis, the ID/ID genotype was decreased among patients (P = 0.017, adjusted P = 0.085) and the IC allele tended to increase. The frequency of the class I/III genotype was significantly lower among patients who were diagnosed when younger than 7 years of age than in controls (odds ratio 0.115; P = 0.011).

Conclusions

INS VNTR has predominance of class I over class III alleles and is associated with susceptibility to T1D in Koreans. In addition, INS VNTR shows distinctive susceptibility according to the age at the onset of T1D. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental auditing for industry: A European perspective
Authors: Clement Keith , Clement Keith
Published: July 2010

The environmental audit is becoming increasingly important across Europe. In the light of recent EC proposals, Keith Clement discusses the varying applications of the environmental audit and outlines its potential.
The common fisheries policy of the European community: A genuine crisis or business as usual?
Authors: Redmond John
Published: July 2010

European fisheries axe a truly international natural resource often cited as a classic example of a common property. As in many cases, the absence of international intervention would render conservation impossible; fish stocks would be over‐exploited and eventually disappear. Through the Common Fisheries Policy, the EC has aimed to manage fisheries through balanced exploitation. John Redmond charts the growth of the CFP and assesses its economic and environmental effectiveness.
The European community's environment policy: Meeting the challenges of the 90's
Authors: Ryan Philip
Published: July 2010

Next year the European Commission will release its Fifth Environmental Action Plan, which will set out its plans for environmental policy over the next five years. In an all embracing speech to the European Environment Conference, Philip Ryan of DG XI proposes that it is time for the EC's environmental policy to move into a new gear, suggesting that this will involve a fundamental reappraisal of socio‐economic activity and the application of a significantly broader range of instruments.

Against the background of deepening concern for the environment and natural resources, and the realisation of the negative economic effects of environmental degradation, it is now clear that environmentally sound industry is no longer a matter of luxury but rather a matter of necessity.
Environmental policy in Italy: The case of the ceramic tile district
Authors: Lewanski Rudolf
Published: July 2010

Local authorities have a central position in the implementation of environmental policies throughout Europe. In relation to Italian environmental policy, Rudolf Lewanski charts the widespread growth of a heavily polluting industry within a region and discusses the response both from industry and the regional authorities to the problems caused.
The environmental impact of recreation and tourism development: A review
Authors: Ravenscroft Neil
Published: July 2010

Throughout the EC, recreation and tourism are of great economic and environmental significance. As this significance is set to increase, Neil Ravenscroft sets out the framework of environmental impact assessment and applies it to the interaction of tourism and the environment.

Tourism can sometimes provide a conundrum. A poor country has a natural or cultural attraction and wishes to exploit to the maximum the economic benefits which can flow from it in the short term; foreigners may be concerned about its preservation ‐ but those foreigners are not on the poverty line. But after a few years of successful tourism, the attraction can suffer permanent damage, so depriving future generations not only of the attraction but the possibility it offers to provide tourism flows and economic benefits (Bodlender, 1990).

In terms of the impact of recreational activities on the environment, whilst not especially significant when compared to factors such as industrial pollution, there are a range of impacts that cannot be ignored, since the gravity of those impacts is strongly related to levels of use ‐ and recreation and tourism are amongst the fastest growing industries in the world.

The role of environmental assessment has now moved from the periphery to the centre of the development process, both as a means of identifying the likely impact of the development and of providing a more formal channel for public involvement in statutory planning.
Valuing water quality improvements
Authors: Ramchandani Richard
Published: July 2010

The ability to obtain monetary values for water quality improvements plays a crucial role in justifying expenditure on water pollution control projects. Richard Ramchandani of WRc illustrates how the achievement of local Water Quality Objectives can be valued using the basic methods provided by economic analysis.
Green words and black deeds? The implementation of european environmental law
Authors: Renger Michael
Published: July 2010

The future development of EC environmental legislation is threatened by disparities in its interpretation and enforcement throughout the Member States. A recent report from the European Commission has studied relative adoption and implementation rates in the EC, and, as Michael Renger 1 discusses, some commonly held views are challenged by its findings 2.
A guide to ECO‐labelung and the EC ECO‐labelling scheme
Authors: Welford Richard
Published: July 2010

1993 will see the first products to be awarded the new EC eco‐label based on a life‐cycle assessment (LCA) of their environmental impacts. This. article outlines the demands of the eco‐labelling scheme and emphasises the internal company dimension required for the award of a label. The article challenges the view that a full LCA will be necessary for a product to be awarded the label.
Local authority environmental audits: Implementation and management systems
Authors: Richards Laurie
Published: July 2010

As the application of environmental audits within local authorities expands, attention shifts toward achieving the recommendations made within the audit report. Laurie Richards focuses on the adaption of the ECs eco‐audit Regulation and the British Standard on Environmental Management Systems standard for local authorities as an aid to implementation.
Environmental audits, clean technologies and environmental protection in Denmark
Authors: Christensen Per , Nielsen Eskild Holm
Published: July 2010

Environmental auditing has a key role to play in the diffusion of cleaner technologies. However, it is vital that clean technologies and environmental audits are applicable in the small and medium sized companies that form the basis of many economies. This is particularly true in Denmark, as Per Christensen and Eskild Holm Nielsen discuss in the light of the new EC eco‐management and audit scheme.
Industrial competitiveness and the environment: The need for eu policy integration
Authors: Barnes Pamela
Published: July 2010

Later this month, the economic and finance ministers of the European Union will present a White Paper on Growth to address growing unemployment and industrial unrest throughout the Union. If the goals of the 5th EU Environmental Action Programme are to stand any chance of being achieved, then such a growth strategy must be based on high standards of environmental performance in industry. However, as Pamela Barnes discusses, while EU environmental policy is beginning to incorporate the aims of industrial policy, the integration of environmental policy objectives into other policy spheres is notably absent despite the past rhetoric of the EU.
The role of interest groups in EU environmental policy formulation: A case study of the draft packaging directive
Authors: Porter Martin , Philip Alan Buff
Published: July 2010

Given the nature and procedures of EU policy making, there is ample opportunity for interest group lobbying. Martin Porter and Alan Butt Philip examine the structures and influence of these interest groups in relation to the proposed packaging and packaging wastes directive, the subject of intense lobbying activity.
Cost sharing for the abatement of acidification in Europe: The missing link in the new sulphur protocol
Authors: Sliggers Johan , Klaassen Ger
Published: July 2010

To achieve significant reductions in European acidification emissions, side‐payments to less affluent countries are not only desirable, but also probably necessary. An Acidification Fund to support reductions to which the richer European countries donate and from which the less affluent ones receive money is one of the possibilities. Simple rules based on GDP, GDP per capita and abatement costs in each country are proposed to determine contributions to and receipts from such a fund. Within this paper, potential payments to and receipts from the fund are calculated for the reduction scenario used as a reference in the negotiations for the new sulphur protocol which is to be signed in May of this year. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of such a fund, the role of institutions governing the payments and receipts, and the obligations of the countries who may receive payments.
Setting precedents for eu environmental liability? the polluter pays principle and the UK Cambridge water case
Authors: Sykes Stephen
Published: July 2010

While the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) lies at the foundation of EU environmental policy, its usefulness as an applicable concept remains limited. Following recent policy developments from the Council of Europe and from the European Commission relating to environmental liability, the UK courts have recently come to a final decision in a liability case which has been described as the most important legal case in the UK this century. Given its importance, and the potential impact that it has on EU policy, this paper sets out the issues surrounding the case, particularly in relation to the application of the PPP.
Economic tax reform: Shifting the tax burden from economic goods to environmental bads
Authors: Gee David
Published: July 2010

It is increasingly recognised that ‘end‐of‐pipe’ environmental policies which limit environmental impact are not sufficient. Instead, ‘along‐the‐pipe’ policies are needed which will change the overall patterns of economic activity in order to preclude environmental damage. As this paper discusses, Eco‐Tax Reform has the potential to deliver pervasive change, not only to protect the environment, but also to encourage the provision of employment and even to enhance overall competitivity.
Recycling policies in Europe: Effective responses to the looming waste crisis?
Authors: Brisson Inger
Published: July 2010

As a reaction to a looming waste crisis, a number of European countries have introduced recycling policies. This paper offers an examination of the recycling policies of Germany, France, Austria, the UK and the European Union. It suggests that they are all economically inefficient because of their use of arbitrary recycling or recovery targets which do not take account of the costs and benefits of recycling, but promote recycling on the assumption that recycling by definition is beneficial. However, the paper also suggests that some of these policies, such as those of France and Britain, are less inefficient in allowing some flexibility in how the recovery targets are reached, than for instance the very rigid German Packaging Ordinance, which prescribes recycling rates for individual material types allowing only reuse and material recycling. Finally, it is proposed that a recycling policy alone cannot solve the waste crisis, and that the focus on recycling may be diverting attention from real solutions to the problem at hand, such as the introduction of a price mechanism for waste disposal.
Voluntary agreements with industry: The case of dutch covenants
Authors: Suurland Jan
Published: July 2010

This paper presents the main features of the Dutch covenant approach regarding the control of industrial emissions. The covenants are agreements between central government, licencing authorities and particular sectors of industry. The agreements provide for detailed arrangements regarding the implementation of sector specific medium and longer term emission reduction targets. Companies are expected to draw up medium term company environmental plans which after approval by the authorities will serve as a basis for formal licencing procedures. Central government and licencing authorities will take appropriate measures to ensure a co‐ordinated approach in licencing and to avoid as much as possible distortions in competitive relations. Implementation of the covenants is being monitored and evaluated by Sectoral Consultative Committees that will issue annual progress reports to the Minister of the Environment.
Voluntary strategies in pollution prevention: Experience from Denmark and the Netherlands
Authors: Lorenzen Kirstine Hjorth , Pedersen Mette LÜCke , Thomsen Hanne , Klemmensen BØRge
Published: July 2010

Economic activity continues to move away from the application end‐of‐pipe pollution control toward preventative source‐oriented approaches. This new strategy, aiming ultimately for sustainable production, requires support and commitment from industrial managers and can thus be best put into practice at the level of the firm. This paper examines the use of voluntary regulation in Denmark and the Netherlands as an alternative to traditional command and control environmental policies. It suggests that in some instances covenants between the authorities and industrial trade bodies and contracts between the authorities and individual companies have a number of advantages over traditional policy. However, while the prospects for voluntary regulation may be good, the paper concludes that experiences so far are limited.
The implementation of the climate change convention: A comparison of northern European state perspectives
Authors: Jordan Andrew , Rowbotham Elizabeth
Published: July 2010

Politicians and policy analysts are equally guilty of focusing more of their attention on the making of policy rather than the manner and ultimate extent to which it is actually implemented. This much is certainly true of the many international agreements which now form part of a wider body of international (including European Union) environmental law. This article attempts to redress this imbalance by comparing and contrasting the more recent attempts made by three North European states to implement the terms of the Convention on climate change within their own domestic territories. To date, the pathways through which each state has chosen to implement the Convention have been shaped both by more ‘stable’ cultural, economic and historical factors, as well as more ‘sporadic’ reactions to unforseen contingencies. On a broader plane, the three case studies give examples of the kinds of interesting and highly disparate dilemmas which now increasingly confront national governments as they seek to reconcile their international environmental obligations with domestic political imperatives.
Molybdenum Dithiolene Complexes as Structural Models for the Active Sites of Molybdenum(IV) Sulfide Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts
Authors: Nguyen Neilson , Harrison Daniel J. , Lough Alan J. , De Crisci Antonio G. , Fekl Ulrich
Published: July 2010

The removal of sulfur (as H2S) from organosulfur species in petroleum feedstocks (hydrodesulfurization, HDS) is carried out on an enormous scale by using heterogeneous catalysts based on MoS2 (usually doped with Co). Partially hydrogenated thiophenes are postulated intermediates in the MoS2‐catalyzed hydrodesulfurization of thiophene. The present contribution describes new molecular models for the proposed active sites in HDS catalysis. The models are derived from a mixed‐ligand (push–pull) molybdenum trisdithiolene {[Mo(tfd)2(bdt)]; tfd = S2C2(CF3)2, bdt = S2C6H4}: selective intraligand alkyne binding converts the bdt group to a labile Mo‐chelating benzodithiin, which can be substituted with a variety of weak donor ligands. The complexes [Mo(tfd)2(dht)2] and [Mo(tfd)2(tht)2] (dht = 2,5‐dihydrothiophene; tht = tetrahydrothiophene) were synthesized and crystallographically characterized. The Mo(tfd)2 substructures closely resemble the presumed active site in MoS2 HDS catalysts. The coordination geometries at molybdenum are approximately trigonal prismatic, and the metal bears two strongly bound dithiolene (tfd) groups and two comparatively weakly bound thioether ligands (dht or tht). Competitive binding experiments establish that tht binds more strongly to the Mo center than dht (Keq = 6.5 ± 0.5). Preliminary reactivity studies reveal that [Mo(tfd)2(dht)2] decomposes to [Mo(tfd)3], thiophene, and unidentified species upon heating. Further, [Mo(tfd)2(tht)2] induces the isomerization of 1,4‐cyclohexadiene to 1,3‐cyclohexadiene at elevated temperatures.
Coordination Versatility of Pyrazole‐Based Ligands towards High‐Nuclearity Transition‐Metal and Rare‐Earth Clusters
Authors: Viciano‐Chumillas Marta , Tanase Stefania , de Jongh L. Jos , Reedijk Jan
Published: July 2010

The synthesis of transition‐metal and rare‐earth clusters has become a very active research field, mainly because these compounds can behave as molecule‐based magnets. The formation of such compounds strongly depends on the choice of the bridging ligand. This review covers the progress made by pyrazole‐based ligands in the formation of new transition‐metal and rare‐earth clusters. Synthetic approaches, structural diversity and magnetic properties are described. The formation of other interesting supramolecular structures, such as metallocycles or metallohelicates is also described to emphasize the richness of this type of ligands.
Two‐dimensional capillary electrophoresis: Capillary isoelectric focusing and capillary zone electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection
Authors: Dickerson Jane A. , Ramsay Lauren M. , Dada Oluwatosin O. , Cermak Nathan , Dovichi Norman J.
Published: July 2010

CIEF and CZE are coupled with LIF detection to create an ultrasensitive 2‐D separation method for proteins. In this method, two capillaries are joined through a buffer‐filled interface. Separate power supplies control the potential at the injection end of the first capillary and at the interface; the detector is held at ground potential. Proteins are labeled with the fluorogenic reagent Chromeo P503, which preserves the isoelectric point of the labeled protein. The labeled proteins were mixed with ampholytes and injected into the first‐dimension capillary. A focusing step was performed with the injection end of the capillary at high pH and the interface at low pH. To mobilize components, the interface was filled with a high pH buffer, which was compatible with the second‐dimension separation. A fraction was transferred to the second‐dimension capillary for separation. The process of fraction transfer and second dimension separation was repeated two dozen times. The separation produced a spot capacity of 125.