bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Business evaluation of Pangasionodon hypophthalmus nursery in Sukamandijaya Village, Subang
Authors: Budiardi Tatag , Rolin Febrina , Hadiroseyani Yani
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

 

Nursery business of 1-inch Siam-catfish in Sukamandijaya Village has been conducted based on experience and no information was available regarding to its economical efficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the production performance and input optimalization to maximize profit. The methods used in this study was survey with purposive sampling, while production performance asessment was carried out by direct observations. Economic data were analyzed using Cobb-Douglas production function. Number of fish farmer respondens in this survey was 21 respondents. The volume of nursery tanks were about 3,188−9,860 L at stocking density of 15−47 fish/L. The average of absolute length growth, survival, and daily weight growth rate were 2.77±0.19 cm, 56.04±1.07 %, 27.96±1.09 % respectively. Based on the analysis, the optimal input was at the stocking density of 80 larvae/L and sludge worm density of 0.0919 kg/L.

Keywords: input optimalization, maximum profit, production performance, nursery, Siam-catfish

 

ABSTRAK

 

Usaha pendederan ikan patin ukuran 1-inci di Desa Sukamandijaya masih berdasarkan pengalaman dan tidak tersedia informasi mengenai efisiensi ekonomi usaha ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi kinerja produksi dan optimalisasi input produksi untuk menghasilkan keuntungan yang maksimal. Survei dilakukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan parameter kinerja produksi diperoleh melalui pengamatan langsung. Data ekonomi dianalisis menggunakan fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas. Jumlah responden pembudidaya pada penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 21 responden. Volume wadah pendederan berkisar 3.188−9.860 L dengan padat tebar berkisar 15−47 ekor/L. Pertumbuhan panjang mutlak rata-rata ikan patin sebesar 2,77±0,19 cm, tingkat kelangsungan hidup sebesar 56,04±1,07 %, dan laju pertumbuhan bobot harian sebesar 27,96±1,09%. Berdasarkan analisis, penggunaan input yang optimal adalah padat tebar 80 ekor/L untuk larva dan pakan berupa cacing sutra dengan kepadatan 0,0919 kg/L.

 

Kata kunci: optimalisasi input, keuntungan maksimal, kinerja produksi, pendederan, ikan patin
Growth performance of 3-g Anguilla bicolor bicolor at different density
Authors: Diansyah Sufal , Budiardi Tatag , Sudrajat Agus Oman
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to evaluate growth performancce of eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) at the density of 2 g/L, 3 g/L, and 4 g/L in the recirculation system. The experimental design used was completely randomized design with three replications. The eel used for this study was Anguilla bicolor bicolor at stadia elver with average body weight of 3 g/fish. Fish were reared for 60 days. Analysis of the blood profile and blood glucose level were done every ten days, while cortisol measurement was performed three times on the day-0, 30, and 60. Results showed that stocking density affected biomass growth. The best stocking density was 4 g/L with the growth of 10.62 g biomass/day, the specific growth of 1.47%, 1.16 feed conversion, and survival of 96.24%. All treatments did not give significant effect on the blood glucose and cortisol level. Keywords: elver, stocking density, growth, stress response, recirculation system  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja pertumbuhan ikan sidat (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) dengan padat tebar 2 g/L, 3 g/L, dan 4 g/L dalam sistem resirkulasi. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga ulangan. Ikan sidat yang digunakan adalah spesies Anguilla bicolor bicolor stadia elver dengan bobot rata-rata 3±1 g/ekor. Pemeliharaan dilakukan selama 60 hari. Analisis gambaran darah dan glukosa darah dilakukan setiap sepuluh hari sekali, sedangkan pengukuran kortisol dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali yaitu pada hari ke-0, 30, dan 60. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan padat tebar berpengaruh nyata terhadap laju pertumbuhan biomassa. Padat tebar terbaik adalah 4 g/L dengan laju pertumbuhan biomassa 10,62 g/hari, laju pertumbuhan spesifik 1,47%, konversi pakan 1,16, dan sintasan 96,24%. Semua perlakuan padat tebar tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan kortisol. Kata kunci : elver, padat tebar, pertumbuhan, respons stres, sistem resirkulasi
Preliminary study of rubber seed Hevea brasiliensis oil utilization for tilapia diet
Authors: Komariyah Siti , Suprayudi Muhammad Agus , Jusadi Dedi
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT This research was conducted as a preliminary study on utilization of RBO for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) diet by also evaluating its effect on growth the performance. This research used SULTANA strain at average initial body weights of 8.33±0.07 g/ind. Experimental design was set in completely randomized design. Each treatment was done in triplicates. The treatments were various additions of RBO to replace corn oil in the diet, which were 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Feeding rate, feed efficiency, protein retention, fat retention, specific growth rate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL (high-density lipoprotein), and hematology were used as evaluating parameters. The results showed that the growth performance, blood chemistry and hematology of fish decreased as the increasing of RBO level in the diet. These are caused by feed intake decreased significantly, which were 583.5 g to 145.6 g of treatments 0% to 100% RBO. Blood glucose, haemoglobin and specific growth of fish in the treatment of 0–100% RBO were 48.7–22.2 mg/dL, 7.6–5.4%, and 3.5–0.8%, respectively. The lowest survival was observed in fish fed 100% RBO (66.7%). Fish growth performance of 0% RBO was the best, so RBO could not be utilized yet as a source of fatty acid or corn oil replacement in tilapia diet. Keywords: free radical, HCN, Oreochromis sp., rubber seed oil  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai studi awal pemanfaatan minyak biji karet (MBK) untuk pakan ikan nila dan mengevaluasi pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan ikan nila. Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah ikan nila strain SULTANA dengan bobot awal rata-rata 8,33±0,07 g/ind. Penelitian didesain dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji berbagai sumbangan MBK untuk mengganti minyak jagung dalam pakan, yaitu 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100%. Selama pemeliharaan, beberapa parameter yang diukur adalah jumlah konsumsi pakan, efisiensi pakan, retensi protein, retensi lemak, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, glukosa, kolesterol, trigliserida, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), dan gambaran darah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja pertumbuhan, kimia darah dan gambaran darah ikan semakin menurun seiring dengan penambahan MBK dalam pakan. Hal ini disebabkan semakin menurunnya jumlah konsumsi pakan secara signifikan, yaitu 583,5 g menjadi 145,7 g dari perlakuan 0% ke 100% MBK. Glukosa darah, hemoglobin dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik ikan pada perlakuan 0–100% MBK masing-masing adalah 48,7–22,2 mg/dL, 7,6–5,4% dan 3,5–0,8%. Sintasan ikan terendah terjadi pada perlakuan 100% MBK, yaitu 66,7%. Kinerja pertumbuhan pada perlakuan 0% MBK adalah yang paling baik sehingga MBK belum dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber lemak menggantikan minyak jagung pada pakan ikan nila. Kata kunci: radikal bebas, HCN, Oreochromis sp., minyak biji karet
The utilization of seagrass and macroalgae substrate for settlement of sandfish Holothuria scabra larvae
Authors: Indriana Lisa Fajar , Marjuky , , Hilyana Sitti
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT Sandfish (Holothuria scabra) is one of endangered species, which has high economical value but has not been commonly cultivated. One factor that affects the success of sandfish culture is survival of larvae during attachment phase . In this phase the larvae of H. scabra need a substrate as a place to live. This study investigated the effect of seagrass and macroalgae as the settlement substrates on the survival of H. scabra larvae. The experiment trial was conducted in UPT LPBIL LIPI Mataram using completely randomized design with five replications for each substrate treatment. The settlement substrates used were Ulva sp. (P1), Gracilaria gigas (P2), Enhalus acoroides (P3), and Eucheuma cottoni (P4). Surface area was 14x19 cm2 in each treatment. At the beginning of experiment trial, one thousand larvae were distributed into plastic tank containing 10 L seawater for each tank. After 13 days experimental period, the survival of H. scabra larvae showed significantly different among substrates treatment. The highest survival was achieved by E. acoroides (15.53±2.23%), and followed by Ulva sp. (5.07±0.74%), E. cottoni (2.57±0.25%), and G. gigas (1.96±0.17%). Keywords: settlement, Holothuria scabra, substrate, seagrass, macroalgae  ABSTRAK Teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra) adalah salah satu spesies berekonomi tinggi yang terancam punah, tetapi belum banyak dibudidayakan. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat keberhasilan budidaya teripang pasir adalah sintasan pada fase penempelan. Pada fase tersebut larva H. scabra memerlukan substrat sebagai tempat hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh jenis substrat lamun dan makroalga yang berbeda terhadap sintasan (STS) larva teripang pasir pada fase penempelan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Budidaya UPT LPBIL LIPI Mataram menggunakan metode eksperimental rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima ulangan. Perlakuan jenis substrat, yaitu: Ulva sp. (P1), Gracilaria gigas (P2), Enhalus acoroides (P3), dan Eucheuma cottonii (P4). Substrat dirangkai dengan luasan yang sama sebesar 14x19 cm2. Wadah pemeliharaan berupa wadah plastik dengan volume air laut 10 L, kepadatan awal 1.000 individu/wadah. Perhitungan akhir STS dilakukan pada hari ke-13 masa pemeliharaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis substrat yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap STS larva teripang pasir. Substrat E. acoroides memberikan sintasan tertinggi sebesar 15,53±2,23%. STS perlakuan substrat Ulva sp. sebesar 5,07±0,74%, perlakuan E. cottonii sebesar 2,57±0,25%, dan perlakuan G. gigas sebesar 1,96±0,17%. Kata kunci: penempelan, Holothuria scabra, substrat, lamun, makroalga
Site selection for seaweed culture at Gerupuk Bay - West Nusa Tenggara using remote sensing and GIS
Authors: Nirmala Kukuh , Ratnasari Arlina , Budiman Syarif
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT Site selection for seaweed culture faces some problems that require more cost, time, and energy. Technology such as remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) were regarded as good solutions for site selection to increase seaweed culture. The aim of this study was to analyze suitable location for seaweed culture at Gerupuk Bay, West Nusa Tenggara. The site selection used Landsat 8 satellite with sea surface temperature (SST), total suspended matter (TSM), and protected location as the parameters. Each parameters were processed using Er Mapper 7.0 software and then Arcview GIS 3.2 software to create the thematic GIS map. Site selection for seaweed culture could be determined by maps overlay technique. The results of this study showed that the most suitable site for seaweed culture at Gerupuk Bay was 342.44 ha (25.22%), moderate suitable site was 190.78 ha (14.05%), and unsuitable site was 669.32 ha (49.3%). Keywords: GIS, remote sensing, location suitability, seaweed culture  ABSTRAK Penentuan lokasi budidaya rumput laut sering mengalami kendala yang membutuhkan banyak biaya, waktu, dan tenaga. Teknologi berupa penginderaan jauh (inderaja) dan sistem informasi geografis (SIG) menjadi solusi yang baik dalam penentuan lokasi yang sesuai untuk pengembangan budidaya rumput laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian lokasi budidaya rumput laut perairan Teluk Gerupuk, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penentuan kesesuaian lokasi budidaya rumput laut menggunakan citra satelit Landsat 8 dengan parameter suhu permukaan laut (SPL), muatan padatan tersuspensi (MPT), dan keterlindungan. Parameter tersebut diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak Er Mapper 7.0 kemudian dilakukan pengolahan SIG menggunakan perangkat lunak Arcview GIS 3.2 sehingga dihasilkan peta tematik. Peta tematik tersebut ditumpang susun sehingga dihasilkan peta kesesuaian lokasi budidaya rumput laut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lokasi yang sesuai untuk budidaya rumput laut di Teluk Gerupuk adalah 342,44 ha (25,22%), luas lokasi cukup sesuai adalah 190,78 ha (14,05%), dan luas lokasi tidak sesuai adalah 669,32 ha (49,3%). Kata kunci: SIG, penginderaan jauh, kecocokan lokasi, budidaya rumput laut
Induced maturation of eel weighed 100–150 gram with PMSG, antidopamine, and 17α-methyltestosterone
Authors: Aryani Nadia Mega , Sudrajat Agus Oman , Carman Odang
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT Marketed eel Anguilla bicolor bicolor is commonly produced from larvae rearing activity whose broodstocks and larvae are caught from the nature. Supply of eel broodstock is restricted by its life cycle and uncertain size variation of mature male and female. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of hormonal induction through injection to enhance masculinization and gonadal maturation of eel at the weight of 100–150 g. The experiment used completely random design with the use of combination pregnant mare serum gonadotropin  (PMSG), antidopamine (AD), dan 17α-methyltestosterone (MT), which were (10 IU/kg PMSG + 0,01 mg/kg AD), P2 (20 IU/kg PMSG + 0,01 mg/kg AD), P3 (10 IU/kg PMSG + 0,01 mg/kg AD + 150 µg/kg MT), P4 (20 IU/kg PMSG + 0,01 mg/kg AD + 150 µg/kg MT), and P5 (control; without hormonal treatment). The result showed that an increasing of fish length along with fish weight were performed by treatment P4 and P3. The highest gonadosomatic index value was obtained by treatment P3 (1,3030±0,24262). Based on gonadal histology analysis, 2nd phase of spermatogonia development was found in P3 in week-8. The highest testosterone level was obtained by treatment P3, followed by P4, P2, and P1 in week-4. Combination of 10 IU/kg PMSG + 0,01 mg/kg AD + 150 µg/kg MT could enhance masculinization and gonadal maturation of eel in eight weeks of rearing period. Keywords: gonadal maturation, Anguilla bicolor bicolor, PMSG, AD, MT  ABSTRAK Ikan sidat Anguilla bicolor bicolor yang dipasarkan pada umumnya merupakan hasil usaha pembesaran yang benih dan induknya masih diperoleh dari alam. Penyediaan induk ikan sidat terkendala dengan siklus hidup dan variasi perbedaan ukuran induk ikan sidat jantan dan betina matang gonad yang belum pasti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran induksi hormonal yang disuntikkan pada ikan sidat dalam mempercepat proses pematangan gonad ikan sidat ukuran 100–150 g. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen rancangan acak lengkap dengan kombinasi pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG), antidopamin (AD), dan  17α-metiltestosteron (MT) sebagai berikut P1 (10 IU/kg PMSG + 0,01 mg/kg AD), P2 (20 IU/kg PMSG + 0,01 mg/kg AD), P3 (10 IU/kg PMSG + 0,01 mg/kg AD + 150 µg/kg MT), P4 (20 IU/kg PMSG + 0,01 mg/kg AD + 150 µg/kg MT), dan P5 (kontrol; tanpa perlakuan hormon). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan pertambahan panjang seiring dengan pertambahan bobot diperoleh dari perlakuan P4 dan P3. Indeks gonadosomatik tertinggi diperoleh dari perlakuan P3 (1,3030±0,24262). Hasil histologi gonad ditemukan perkembangan spermatogonia fase 2 pada P3 di minggu kedelapan. Konsentrasi testosteron tertinggi didapat dari perlakuan P3 kemudian diikuti P4, P2, dan P1 pada minggu keempat. Kombinasi hormon 10 IU/kg PMSG + 0,01 mg/kg AD + 150 µg/kg MT dapat mempercepat pematangan gonad dan pertumbuhan pada ikan sidat selama delapan minggu pemeliharaan. Kata kunci: pematangan gonad, Anguilla bicolor bicolor, PMSG, AD, MT
Increasing of C/N ratio with addition of tapioca starch in Oligochaetes culture substrate
Authors: Hadiroseyani Yani , Puspitasari Ardina , Budiardi Tatag
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT This study was aimed to improve the productivity of sludge worm (Oligochaetes) in culture systems using the addition of tapioca flour to the substrate to increase C/N ratio up to 10, 20, and 30. The substrate used was a mixture of mud and chicken manure with a ratio of 1:1 on the container measuring 100×12×15 cm3. Culture system used was a recirculation system. Initial stock of the worm was at density 150 g/m2. Results showed the highest population and biomass of the worm in each treatments was occurred on tenth day. The highest density of sludge worm, i.e. 421,145 ind/m2 with total biomass of 1,497.80 g/m2, was obtained on the treatment of C/N ratio at 20 (P <0.05). Keywords: Oligochaetes, C/N ratio, tapioca starch, recirculation system  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas cacing sutra (Oligochaeta) pada sistem budidaya dengan memperbaiki kualitas substrat cacing menggunakan penambahan tepung tapioka sehingga mencapai rasio C/N 10, 20, dan 30. Substrat yang digunakan yaitu campuran lumpur tanah dan kotoran ayam dengan perbandingan 1:1 pada wadah budidaya berukuran 100×12×15 cm3. Sistem budidaya yang digunakan yaitu sistem resirkulasi. Cacing dibudidayakan pada padat penebaran 150 g/m2. Hasil menunjukkan puncak populasi dan biomassa cacing sutra terjadi pada hari kesepuluh. Kepadatan cacing tertinggi, yaitu 421.145 ind/m2 dengan biomassa 1.497,80 g/m2, diperoleh pada perlakuan penambahan tepung tapioka dengan C/N rasio 20 (P<0,05). Kata kunci: cacing sutra, rasio C/N, tepung tapioka, sistem resirkulasi
The use of zeolite, active carbon, and clove oil in closed transportation of giant freshwater prawn juvenile
Authors: Anandasari Rahma Vida , Supriyono Eddy , Carman Odang , Adiyana Kukuh
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effect of zeolite, active carbon, and clove oil on water quality (dissolved oxygen/DO, total ammonia nitrogen/TAN, temperature) and biological quality (glucose concentration, total protein, survival/SR) of giant freshwater prawn juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii in closed transportation system. The study was conducted in laboratory scale with a completely randomized design. The biota used was juvenile giant prawn with an average weight 0.407 ± 0.005 g/ind. The type and dose of additive used were A (20 g/L zeolite + 10 g/L active carbon + 14 µL/L clove oil), B (20 g/L zeolite + 10 g/L active carbon + 9.33 µL/L clove oil), C (20 g/L zeolite + 10 g/L active carbon + 4.67 µL/L clove oil), D (20 g/L zeolite + 10 g/L active carbon + 1.87 µL/L clove oil), K+ (20 g/L zeolite + 10 g/L active carbon), and K- (without material addition). The glucose concentration of treatment B and C significantly different with treatment A, D, K+, K-. Total protein of treatment A, B, C and K+ significantly different with treatment K-. DO, TAN, and temperature of the transportation media were still in the suitable concentration for living of giant prawn. The highest survival of the prawn was observed in group C. The result showed the combination of 20 g/L zeolite + 10 g/L active carbon + 4.67 µL/L clove oil in the water is suitable for closed transportation system for juvenile giant freshwater prawn. Keywords: glucose concentration, total protein, DO, TAN, temperature  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh pemberian zeolit, karbon aktif, dan minyak cengkeh terhadap kualitas air (dissolved oxygen/DO, total ammonia nitrogen/TAN, suhu) dan kualitas biologi (konsentrasi glukosa, total protein, tingkat kelangsungan hidup/TKH) benih udang galah Macrobrachium rosenbergii pada sistem transportasi tertutup. Penelitian dilakukan pada skala laboratorium dengan rancangan acak lengkap. Biota yang digunakan yaitu benih udang galah dengan bobot rata-rata 0,407±0,005 g/ekor. Dosis bahan tambahan yang digunakan adalah: A (20 g/L zeolit + 10 g/L karbon aktif + 14 µL/L minyak cengkeh), B (20 g/L zeolit + 10 g/L karbon aktif + 9,33 µL/L minyak cengkeh), C (20 g/L zeolit + 10 g/L karbon aktif + 4,67 µL/L minyak cengkeh), D (20 g/L zeolit + 10 g/L karbon aktif + 1,87 µL/L minyak cengkeh), K+ (20 g/L zeolit + 10 g/L karbon aktif), dan K- (tanpa bahan tambahan). Konsentrasi glukosa perlakuan B dan C berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan A, D, K+, K-. Total protein perlakuan A, B, C, D, dan K+ berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan K-. DO, TAN dan suhu media transportasi masih sesuai dengan kehidupan udang galah. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup transportasi tertinggi yaitu pada perlakuan C. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi 20 g/L zeolit + 10 g/L karbon aktif + 4,67 µL/L minyak cengkeh adalah perlakuan yang sesuai untuk transportasi tertutup benih udang galah. Kata kunci: konsentrasi glukosa, total protein, DO, TAN, suhu
Administration of Vibrio SKT-b Probiotic Bacteria on Tiger Shrimp Larvae Through Artemia Enrichment
Authors: Widanarni . , Soelistyowati D.T. , Suwanto A.
Published: February 2017

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of probiotic bacteria (Vibrio SKT-b) administration on tiger shrimp larvae through Artemia enrichment.  This experiment was done in two treatments; shrimp larvae fed on Vibrio SKT-b enriched Artemia and fed on Artemia without enrichment.  Enrichment of Vibrio SKT-b into Artemia rearing media used initial concentration of 106 CFU/ml.  Application of Artemia to shrimp larvae was done in fourteen days.  Growth in length and weight of shrimp larvae were observed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment; while survival rate of larvae was observed at the end of the experiment.  Growth in body length and weight of shrimp larvae fed on Vibrio SKT-b enriched Artemia were higher than control.  Survival rate were 89-93%, and insignificantly different than that of control (70-80%).

Keywords: tiger shrimp, larvae, probiotic, Vibrio SKT-b, enrichment, Artemia

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian bakteri probiotik Vibrio SKT-b pada larva udang windu melalui pengkayaan Artemia.  Percobaan dilakukan dengan dua perlakuan; pertama larva udang diberi pakan Artemia yang diperkaya dengan Vibrio SKT-b dan kedua larva udang diberi pakan Artemia tanpa pengkayaan (kontrol).  Pengkayaan dilakukan dengan cara menambahkan Vibrio SKT-b pada media pemeliharaan Artemia dengan konsentrasi awal 106 CFU/ml media.  Pemberian Artemia ke larva udang dilakukan selama 14 hari.  Pertumbuhan panjang dan bobot larva udang diamati pada awal dan akhir percobaan, sedangkan kelangsungan hidup dihitung pada akhir percobaan.  Larva udang yang diberi Artemia yang diperkaya dengan Vibrio SKT-b memiliki laju pertumbuhan harian bobot dan panjang yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol.  Kelangsungan hidup tidak berbeda nyata antara perlakuan dan kontrol dengan nilai antara 80-93% untuk yang diberi pakan Artemia yang diperkaya dengan Vibrio SKT-b dan 70-80% untuk kontrol.

Kata kunci: udang windu, larva, probiotik, Vibrio SKT-b, pengkayaan, Artemia
Preliminary Study on Bacterial Pathogenic in Grouper Culture and Its Inhibitor Bacteria in Lampung Bay
Authors: Hatmanti A. , Nuchsin R. , Darmayati Y.
Published: February 2017

Investigation of pathogenic bacteria and its inhibitor on grouper culture in some places of Lampung Bay had been carried out. Six strains of pathogenic bacteria and 28 strains of inhibitior bacteria were found in grouper and its habitat.  By inhibition test, 4 strains inhibited pathogenic bacteria were obtained. Inhibition test for Vibrio harveyi had also been performed using a bacterial collection of Marine Microbiology Laboratory of Research Center of Oceanography-LIPI.  The result showed that 3 strains could be used against bacterial infection. This study offers a positive prospect to prevent outbreak of bacterial diseases in grouper culture.

Keywords: grouper culture, Lampung, inhibitor bacteria, pathogenic bacteria, inhibition test

 
 ABSTRAK
Penelitian penyakit bakterial dan bakteri penghambatnya pada budidaya ikan kerapu di beberapa tempat di perairan Teluk Lampung telah dilakukan. Enam strain bakteri patogen dan 28 strain bakteri penghambat telah berhasil diisolasi dari ikan kerapu dan habitat tempat hidupnya.  Dari hasil uji tantang (inhibition test) yang dilakukan, diperoleh 4 strain bakteri penghambat yang mampu menekan pertumbuhan bakteri patogen. Selain itu, uji tantang terhadap bakteri patogen Vibrio harveyi, menggunakan bakteri penghambat koleksi Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Laut Puslit Oseanografi LIPI juga telah dilakukan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 3 strain bakteri mampu memberikan hambatan terhadap pertumbuhan Vibrio harveyi.  Studi ini memberikan prospek positif terhadap penanggulangan penyakit bakterial pada budidaya ikan kerapu.

Kata kunci: budidaya kerapu, Lampung, bakteri penghambat, bakteri patogen, uji tantang
The Usage of Garlic Extract (Allium sativum) to Cure Pangasius Fish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) Infected by Aeromonas hydrophylla
Authors: Muslim Muslim , Maraulina Hotly , Widjajanti Harry
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this research was to know effectivity of the garlic extract to cure Pangasius catfish that infected by A. hidrophylla bacteria. This research was done on February to April 2007, at Aquaculture Laboratory FP UNSRI. This research used Completely Randomised Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. The concentration of the garlic extract that used were 0 % (control), 0.2 %, 0.4 %, 0.6 %, 0.8 %. The parameters inspected include SR of fish that infected; SR of fish had been treatment, Relative Percent Survival (RPS), clinical symptom and water quality. The highest survival rate percentage is treatments A4 (0.8 %) with average value 66.66 %. The best concentration of garlic extract that can heal the fish until ≥ 50 % (RPS value) from totally sample of fish were treatments A4 (0.8 %), A3 (0.6 %), and A2 (0.4 %). The clinical symptom after cure and care as long as fourteen days indicated in control (without garlic extract has been found hard damage bodies organ and the mortality fish effect, but in treatments A1 (0.2 %), A2 (0.4 %), A3 (0.6 %), and A4 (0.8 %) recover after submerged with garlic extract. The water quality parameters during experiment in each treatments such as temperature was 27 - 29 oC, pH 6-6.5, Dissolved Oxygen 5.24 - 6.87 mg/l, and Ammonia 0.09 - 0.46 mg/l.Keywords: garlic extract, pangasius fish, A. hydrophylla bacteria ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak bawang putih untuk mengobati penyakit bakterial pada ikan patin yang disebabkan A. hidrophylla. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari - April  2007, di Laboratorium Budidaya Perairan, FP UNSRI. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap,  5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan.  Konsentrasi ekstrak bawang putih yang digunakan adalah  0 % (kontrol), 0,2 %, 0,4 %, 0,6 %, 0,8 %.  Parameter yang diamati meliputi SR ikan yang terinfeksi, SR ikan setelah diberi perlakuan, RPS, gejala klinis serta kualitas air. Persentase SR tertinggi pada perlakuan A4  (0,8 %) sebesar 66,66 %. Konsentrasi ekstrak bawang putih yang dapat menyembuhkan ikan sampai ≥ 50 % (nilai RPS) dari jumlah total ikan berturut-turut adalah perlakuan A4 (0,8 %), A3 (0,6 %), dan A2 (0,4 %).  Gejala klinis setelah pengobatan dan pemeliharaan selama 14 hari menunjukkan pada perlakuan kontrol (tanpa ekstrak bawang putih) terdapat kerusakan organ tubuh paling parah dan menyebabkan ikan mati, sedangkan pada perlakuan A1   (0,2 %), A2 (0,4 %), A3 ( 0,6 %), dan A4 (0,8 %), gejala klinis pada tubuh ikan berangsur sembuh setelah direndam dengan ekstrak bawang putih. Parameter kualitas air selama pemeliharaan pada masing-masing perlakuan yaitu suhu (27-29oC), pH (6-6,5), O2 terlarut (5,24-6,87 mg/l) dan amonia (0,09-0,46 mg/l).Kata kunci : ekstrak bawang putih,  ikan patin, bakteri A . hydrophylla.
El dilema de la Reforma Tributaria: ¿estructural o fiscalista?
Authors: Vallejo Zamudio Luis Eudoro
Published: February 2017

El 20 de octubre, el ministro de Hacienda, Mauricio Cárdenas, presentó ante el Congreso el proyecto de Ley de Reforma Tributaria, cuyo fundamento, en buena parte, es el informe de la Comisión de Expertos Tributaristas. El Gobierno nacional aspira a recaudar $7.2 billones y, de esta forma, compensar la reducción de los ingresos de la nación provocados por factores tales como la caída de los precios del petróleo,  la reducción del crecimiento económico, que -de acuerdo con proyecciones para 2016 del Banco de la República, puede ser de alrededor del 2 %-,  y  la eliminación de impuestos temporales a partir del 2018.
Vocabularies of Citizenship: West Coast Secondary Students Describe Their Civic Subjectivities, Skills, and Classrooms
Authors: Elbert Jamie
Published: February 2017

Canada’s changing geopolitical landscape will require a generation of engaged and active citizens. Citizenship education in British Columbia must negotiate conflicting narratives while opening spaces for students to develop civic skills and subjectivities. Given negative program reviews, empirical evidence for the impact of identity - especially group identifications - on behaviours and beliefs, and continued low youth political engagement, there is a great need to understand how citizenship and civic subjectivities are constructed in real school contexts in order to gain insight into how secondary civics classrooms might support students’ active political voices and development of efficacious subjectivities. This article reports preliminary results from a large mixed methods, multiple-case study project. The data reported here focuses on students (n = 64) from two purposefully sampled secondary school classrooms on Vancouver Island: a special civics program, and a regular stream Social Studies classroom in the same school. Data collection consisted of a class-wide online survey near the beginning of the course. Grounded in the larger understandings of social identity theory and rooted cosmopolitanism, qualitative data from open-ended questionnaire responses analyzed with a constant comparative coding technique explored the extent to which students construct regional, national, or global notions of citizenship. A preliminary report of quantitative items investigates the level of conflict present between levels of identification and suggests avenues for future research. Examined against previous research and the theory of rooted cosmopolitanism, this project aims to question the popular narrative of youth apathy and to describe the ways in which students characterize their civic subjectivities. In giving voice to student perspectives on their civic selves and their Civics classrooms, this study aims to contribute to more representative classrooms and pedagogies.
Pursuit of the Red Passport: Perceptions of Global Citizenship Among Low-paid Global Workers
Authors: Haynes Whitney
Published: February 2017

The movement of people around the world for the sole purpose of their labour has existed for hundreds of years and is at the root of a growing capitalist regime. Today, millions of people, particularly from low-income countries, are forced to move without their families across borders to high-income countries in order to send home remittances to help their families survive. The control of their global movement is based on a system of borders and visa regulations, where their passports, determined by their citizenship, offer very limited global mobility. This article explores the current context of low-paid labour migration in relation to global citizenship and global mobility rights. Workers interviewed in Canada, parts of Europe and Asia (n=24) describe their quests for the freedom of global mobility and navigating citizenship systems in order to obtain a strong passport/citizenship, also known as the “red passport.” The fight for the red passport and the right to global mobility is linked to their understandings of true global citizenship.
“They Wanted to Study Us; They Didn’t Want to Help Us”: Socially Just and Participatory Research Methodologies for Demographically Changing Schools
Authors: Hamm Lyle Donald , Massfeller Helen , Scott Amanda , Cormier Kevin
Published: February 2017

Educators and leaders across Canada must re-conceptualize their pedagogies and leadership approaches and reflect on their own worldviews to enhance the transitions of new immigrant, international and refugee students into their schools. This paper reports on ongoing case study research in New Brunswick, Canada. The researchers are investigating the impact and implications of immigration and demographic changes on school and community stakeholders. The authors discuss the social justice and participatory methodological framework they are employing in the first school of five in their investigation and report the mid-case thematic findings related to the changing demographic conditions in the province. The findings have been consistently shared with school leaders and teachers through active participation, open communication and co-construction of meanings. The authors are hopeful that the key findings from this research will inform educators and policy-makers as they respond to the educational and social needs of their students and community members.
Peanut Residue Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization under Simulated Conventional and Conservation Tillage
Authors: Mulvaney Michael J. , Balkcom Kipling S. , Wood C. Wes , Jordan David
Published: February 2017

Core Ideas

Recommendations of 22 to 67 kg N ha−1 credit after peanut are not substantiated.

Decomposition of peanut residue in North Carolina and Alabama fit double exponential decay equations.

Nitrogen credit to wheat was 14 to 24 kg N ha−1, but to cotton was 2 to 10 kg N ha−1.

Nitrogen credits differ by location and placement of residue.

Nitrogen credits should be specified to which crop they are applied.

Residue management is an important aspect of cropping systems. Availability of plant residue N to succeeding crops depends on N mineralization rates. Cooperative Extension currently recommends 22 to 67 kg N ha−1 credit to subsequent crops following peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), but these recommendations are not supported in the literature, nor do they specify if the credit is applied to a subsequent winter or spring crop. The objective of this study was to assess N release rates from residues of three peanut cultivars (NC V‐11, GA 02‐C, and ANorden) at two placements (surface and 10‐cm deep) and two locations representing northern and southern extremes of U.S. commercial peanut production (North Carolina and Alabama). Litterbags containing the equivalent of 3.5 Mg ha−1 were placed in a completely randomized design at both locations with four replications and retrieved periodically up to 335 d after application. Results were fit to single or double exponential decay models. Based on empirical models, the N credit to a subsequent winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop was estimated at 14 to 19 kg N ha−1 when peanut residues were buried after harvest, and 19 to 24 kg N ha−1 when on the soil surface. When N credits were applied to a subsequent cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop, they were reduced to 2 to 9 kg N ha−1 (buried) and 6 to 10 kg N ha−1 (surface). Current recommendations are higher than the results obtained in this study suggest and warrant re‐examination.
Forage Radish and Winter Pea Cover Crops Outperformed Rye in a Potato Cropping System
Authors: Jahanzad E. , Barker A. V. , Hashemi M. , Sadeghpour A. , Eaton T.
Published: February 2017

Core Ideas

Forage radish and winter pea cover crops improved nitrogen‐use efficiency in a potato cropping system.

A high N‐yielding winterkilled cover crop is preferred over rye for early planting of potato.

Rye may not provide the succeeding potato with sufficient N because of early termination.

Growers in the northeastern United States often over‐apply N fertilizer to guard against yield limitations. Over fertilization increases costs of production and raises environmental concerns. This study was conducted to evaluate whether using cover crops and N fertilizer management can improve tuber yield and nitrogen‐use efficiency (NUE) in a potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production system. Three cover crop species including forage radish (Raphanus sativus L.), cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), and winter pea (Pisum sativum L.); four N fertilizer rates (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha−1) and two potato varieties (Dark Red Norland [DRN] and Superior [SUP]) were used in a 2‐yr field experiment. Results indicated that tuber yield and NUE indices can be restricted by either the lowest or highest levels of N fertilizer (75 and 225 kg N ha−1, respectively). Potato grown in no cover crop plots needed to be fertilized at 225 kg N ha−1 to produce the highest yield (26.5 Mg ha−1) whereas potato after winter pea or forage radish produced the same or higher yields at 75 and 150 Kg N ha−1, respectively (P ≤ 0.01). Forage radish or winter pea improved NUE in either potato variety as more synchrony existed with respect to N release from cover crop residues and potato N requirements than that of cereal rye. Overall, forage radish or winter pea could be suitable alternatives to cereal rye in rotation with potato as indicated by the cover crop biomass production and N yield, N use metrics, and potato tuber yield.
Crop Yield and Soil Organic Carbon in Conventional and No‐till Organic Systems on a Claypan Soil
Authors: Clark Kerry M. , Boardman Dara L. , Staples Jill S. , Easterby Steven , Reinbott T. M. , Kremer Robert J. , Kitchen Newell R. , Veum Kristen S.
Published: February 2017

Core Ideas

Soybean in organic no‐till yielded as well as conventional organic.

Corn in organic no‐till had lower yield than conventional organic.

A crimped cover crop can cause N immobilization and reduced corn yield.

Organic crop production is dependent on tillage for weed control, but because tillage can lead to decreased levels of soil organic carbon (SOC) alternative management needs to be explored. This study was conducted in Boone County, Missouri, in 2012 to 2014 to determine the effects of three organic production systems and four poultry compost rates on crop yield and SOC on a claypan soil. The production systems included tillage with no cover crop, tillage with a mowed and incorporated cover crop, and no‐till with a crimped cover crop in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation. Cover crops included cereal rye (Secale cereale L) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.). Compost rates were 0, half the recommended rate, the recommended rate, and 1.5 times the recommended rate. Achieving cover crop biomass sufficient for weed suppression was a challenge when soil fertility declined during the study. Corn yield was reduced 30% in 2013 in no‐till plots compared to tilled although plant populations were nearly equal, indicating that N immobilization may be significant in crimped cover crops. When there was adequate soil moisture and weed control from the cover crop, soybean grown under organic no‐till was competitive with tilled treatments. Optimum timing of cover crop crimping for acceptable weed control was more successful in a soybean system compared with corn. Organic no‐till in this study was more successful in soybean and wheat than in corn, when the cover crop biomass was sufficient to suppress weeds.
Evaluación de productos de descarte de una empresa de bebidas no alcohólicas para ser usados como sustrato fermentable por Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Matute Almeida Lenis Del Carmen , Galindo S. Yhonaisy Alejandra , Delahais Iván
Published: February 2017

Se evaluaron productos de desecho de la industria de bebidas no alcohólicas para ser usados como sustrato fermentable por Saccharomyces cerevisiae, debido a que estos residuos presentan entre 5,5 a 13% de azúcares. Bajo un diseño completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial 23, se estudió la cinética de crecimiento de S. cerevisiae, empleando un medio estéril a base de bebidas no alcohólicas descartadas (cola negra (P) con 12% de azúcar, cafeína, ácido fofórico y agua carbonatada o una bebida isotónica (G) con 7% de azúcar, ácido cítrico y sales), cuyos pH fueron ajustados a valores de 4 o 4,5. Los medios fueron inoculados con una concentración de 10 g/L de levadura comercial, siendo incubados a 30 °C con agitación constante de 100 rpm o de 130 rpm. Se tomaron muestras cada 2 h, desde la inoculación hasta el tiempo final de fermentación (12 h), midiéndose el contenido de sólidos solubles, la concentración de etanol y la producción de biomasa. El análisis estadístico demostró que el tiempo de incubación y el sustrato influyeron sobre la producción de biomasa (p˂0,01). La mayor producción de biomasa bajo las condiciones de estudio, se obtuvo cuando se ajustó el pH inicial a 4,5 y usando 130 rpm como velocidad de agitación para ambos sustratos. Obteniéndose 15,4 g/L de biomasa a las 8 h de incubación en el sustrato P (p˂0,05) y 12,8 g/L de biomasa en el sustrato G. Asimismo, se logró la remoción del color de las bebidas y una disminución del 10% en los valores de DQO. Con base en estos resultados se puede señalar que es posible emplear bebidas no alcohólicas descartadas como sustrato fermentable en procesos en donde se inocule, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Major ions behaviour during evaporation of different saline type water of Western Mongolian lakes (geochemical modelling)
Authors: Kolpakova Marina N. , Gaskova Olga L.
Published: February 2017

The main Mongolian water resources are lakes whose volume has significantly reduced in recent years as a consequence of global warming. This article presents research on three different types of nearly disposed Western Mongolian lakes with a wide range of brines’ composition: Shaazgai-Nuur (soda), Davsan-Nuur (chloride) and Tonhil-Nuur (sulfate). The aim of this study was to determine the differences in geochemical evolution associated with evaporation-crystallization processes of representative lakes of various chemical types. The modelling was performed by using PHREEQC and HCh software that allows application of Pitzer's approach for saline solutions. The modelling was performed for these natural objects for the first time. The model demonstrated that the evaporation-crystallization processes are different for soda and chloride/sulfate brines. Soda type lake maintained unchanged ion composition while chemical composition of chloride and sulfate lakes went through significant alterations according to a sequence of mineral precipitation. The calculated model did not confirm the possibility of long-term transformation from SO4-Mg brines to Cl-Mg due to evaporative concentration only; additional factors including mixing with inflow water also influence sodium and chloride increase. Close agreement between the model and the actual mineralogical data was observed, testifying to the proper software and reliability of our assumptions.
Cardiomyocyte Reprogramming: A Potential Strategy for Cardiac Regeneration
Authors: Tendean Marshel , Oktaviono Yudi Her , Sandra Ferry
Published: February 2017

Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Within decades a limited process of cardiac cell regeneration was under observation. Embryonic stem cell (ESC) shows great potential for cell and tissue regeneration. Studies indicate that ESC has the potential to enhance myocardial perfusion and/or contractile performance in ischemic myocardium. However there is still challenge to evaluate the issues of teratoma. Then induced pluripotent stem cell was invented by introducing four transcriptional factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc). iPSC was created from murine fibroblast and then differentiated into cardiomyocyte. Reprogramming the adult cell could be performed in full, partial or direct reprogramming. Several studies add the significance by reprogramming the cells through more efficient techniques. However several limitations are still remained.Keywords: cardiomyocyte, reprogramming, iPSC, fibroblast
Case Series Using Montelukast in Patients with Memory Loss and Dementia
Authors: Rozin Spencer I.
Published: February 2017

Cognitive decline and dementia are a growing problem as the population ages. Effective therapies to prevent and treat these problems are limited. Neuro-inflammation has been suggested as a cause of dementia [1]. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used to treat seasonal allergies and asthma. It acts as a cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT1) receptor antagonist blocking the action of leukotrienes and decreasing inflammation [2]. Animal studies have shown that administering Montelukast improves memory function [3]. This case series of patients in a private Internal Medicine practice between 2013-2014 used Montelukast in patients with various levels of memory impairment and dementia. Patients were given Montelukast 80 mg daily in 4 divided doses every 2-3 hours. Memory impaired patients had subjective improvement in the memory and recall. Patients with dementia were noted by family members to be less agitated, but had no memory improvement at the doses used. Montelukast may be useful to treat memory impairment and dementia. Long term use might act as a prophylactic to prevent dementia.
Ethical Sensitivity in Nursing Ethical Leadership: A Content Analysis of Iranian Nurses Experiences
Authors: Esmaelzadeh Fatemeh , Abbaszadeh Abbas , Borhani Fariba , Peyrovi Hamid
Published: February 2017

Background:

Considering that many nursing actions affect other people’s health and life, sensitivity to ethics in nursing practice is highly important to ethical leaders as a role model.

Objective:

The study aims to explore ethical sensitivity in ethical nursing leaders in Iran.

Method:

This was a qualitative study based on the conventional content analysis in 2015. Data were collected using deep and semi-structured interviews with 20 Iranian nurses. The participants were chosen using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. In order to increase the accuracy and integrity of the data, Lincoln and Guba's criteria were considered.

Results:

Fourteen sub-categories and five main categories emerged. Main categories consisted of sensitivity to care, sensitivity to errors, sensitivity to communication, sensitivity in decision making and sensitivity to ethical practice.

Conclusion:

Ethical sensitivity appears to be a valuable attribute for ethical nurse leaders, having an important effect on various aspects of professional practice and help the development of ethics in nursing practice.
A Influência Midiática e do Setor Publicitário no Consumo Precoce: Um Olhar a Partir da Educação Ecológica para um Consumo Sustentável
Authors: Reis Patrícia Dos , Dallafavera Rafaela Bolson
Published: February 2017

O trabalho versa sobre os estímulos midiáticos e do setor publicitário no desenvolvimento de crianças e a adolescentes. Objetiva verificar se a exposição à publicidade do consumo influencia no comportamento dos infantes frente ao meio ambiente. Especificamente, descreve o meio ambiente como Direito Fundamental das presentes e futuras gerações sob a ótica da Doutrina da Proteção Integral, bem como a relação das mídias televisiva e online com o consumo precoce. Ainda, analisa o papel da educação ecológica na conscientização para um consumo sustentável. Para tanto, utiliza-se o método de abordagem dedutivo, método de procedimento monográfico e técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica.
Consumo e Obsolescência Programada: Sustentabilidade e Responsabilidade do Fornecedor
Authors: Efing Antônio Carlos , Paiva Leonardo Lindroth de
Published: February 2017

A atual sociedade de consumo é produto do mundo globalizado e que precisa de urgente reeducação, sob pena de riscos imprevisíveis e incalculáveis serem produzidos a partir das atitudes humanas. Inobstante, não se nega a necessidade da evolução, a qual pode ser solução para combater os imbróglios produzidos pela sociedade. Diante disso, busca-se, numa análise crítica, com vistas a demonstração dos problemas que podem ser causados com o desenvolvimento imensurado, refletir sobre políticas públicas para viabilizar o desenvolvimento sustentável, além de tratar acerca da responsabilidade do fornecedor pelas violações decorrentes da obsolescência antecipada de seus produtos que agridem a sustentabilidade.