bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harmonics of Pulsatile Pressure at Different Ages and Its Effect on Other Pulsatile Parameters and Waveform-Based Clinical Indices
Authors: Hao Zhili
Published: May 2023

Pulsatile pressure at an artery is a collection of harmonics of the heartbeat. This study examines harmonics of pulsatile pressure at different ages and its effect on other pulsatile parameters and waveform-based clinical indices. Based on a vibrating-string model of the arterial tree, wave velocity and characteristic impedance are related to arterial stiffness and radius. Blood velocity, wall shear stress (WSS), and driving force on the left ventricle (LV) are related to pulsatile pressure. Reflection magnitude and return time are related to input impedance. These relations are applied to pulsatile pressure and blood velocity at the ascending aorta (AA) and the carotid artery (CA) at different ages in a database to calculate harmonics of all the pulsatile parameters and reflection magnitude and return time at each harmonic. Harmonics of pulsatile pressure varies with aging and between the two arteries. Reflection magnitude and return time vary between harmonics. While wave reflection manifests the arterial tree (i.e., arterial stiffness and radius) and termination, harmonics of pulsatile pressure is a combination of the LV, the arterial tree, and termination. Harmonics of pulsatile pressure dictates harmonics of WSS and affects endothelial function. Harmonics of pulsatile pressure needs to serve as an independent clinical index indicative of the LV function and endothelial function. Reflection magnitude and return time of the 1st harmonic of pulsatile pressure serve as clinical indices indicative of arterial stiffness and radius.
Satellites reveal widespread decline in global lake water storage
Authors: Yao Fangfang , Livneh Ben , Rajagopalan Balaji , Wang Jida , Crétaux Jean-François , Wada Yoshihide , Berge-Nguyen Muriel
Published: May 2023

Climate change and human activities increasingly threaten lakes that store 87% of Earth’s liquid surface fresh water. Yet, recent trends and drivers of lake volume change remain largely unknown globally. Here, we analyze the 1972 largest global lakes using three decades of satellite observations, climate data, and hydrologic models, finding statistically significant storage declines for 53% of these water bodies over the period 1992–2020. The net volume loss in natural lakes is largely attributable to climate warming, increasing evaporative demand, and human water consumption, whereas sedimentation dominates storage losses in reservoirs. We estimate that roughly one-quarter of the world’s population resides in a basin of a drying lake, underscoring the necessity of incorporating climate change and sedimentation impacts into sustainable water resources management.
Interplay between calcium and sarcomeres directs cardiomyocyte maturation during regeneration
Authors: Nguyen Phong D. , Gooijers Iris , Campostrini Giulia , Verkerk Arie O. , Honkoop Hessel , Bouwman Mara , de Bakker Dennis E. M. , Koopmans Tim , Vink Aryan , Lamers Gerda E. M. , Shakked Avraham , Mars Jonas , Mulder Aat A. , Chocron Sonja , Bartscherer Kerstin , Tzahor Eldad , Mummery Christine L. , de Boer Teun P. , Bellin Milena , Bakkers Jeroen
Published: May 2023

Zebrafish hearts can regenerate by replacing damaged tissue with new cardiomyocytes. Although the steps leading up to the proliferation of surviving cardiomyocytes have been extensively studied, little is known about the mechanisms that control proliferation and redifferentiation to a mature state. We found that the cardiac dyad, a structure that regulates calcium handling and excitation-contraction coupling, played a key role in the redifferentiation process. A component of the cardiac dyad called leucine-rich repeat–containing 10 (Lrrc10) acted as a negative regulator of proliferation, prevented cardiomegaly, and induced redifferentiation. We found that its function was conserved in mammalian cardiomyocytes. This study highlights the importance of the underlying mechanisms required for heart regeneration and their application to the generation of fully functional cardiomyocytes.
Neuromorphic sensorimotor loop embodied by monolithically integrated, low-voltage, soft e-skin
Authors: Wang Weichen , Jiang Yuanwen , Zhong Donglai , Zhang Zhitao , Choudhury Snehashis , Lai Jian-Cheng , Gong Huaxin , Niu Simiao , Yan Xuzhou , Zheng Yu , Shih Chien-Chung , Ning Rui , Lin Qing , Li Deling , Kim Yun-Hi , Kim Jingwan , Wang Yi-Xuan , Zhao Chuanzhen , Xu Chengyi , Ji Xiaozhou , Nishio Yuya , Lyu Hao , Tok Jeffrey B.-H. , Bao Zhenan
Published: May 2023

Artificial skin that simultaneously mimics sensory feedback and mechanical properties of natural skin holds substantial promise for next-generation robotic and medical devices. However, achieving such a biomimetic system that can seamlessly integrate with the human body remains a challenge. Through rational design and engineering of material properties, device structures, and system architectures, we realized a monolithic soft prosthetic electronic skin (e-skin). It is capable of multimodal perception, neuromorphic pulse-train signal generation, and closed-loop actuation. With a trilayer, high-permittivity elastomeric dielectric, we achieved a low subthreshold swing comparable to that of polycrystalline silicon transistors, a low operation voltage, low power consumption, and medium-scale circuit integration complexity for stretchable organic devices. Our e-skin mimics the biological sensorimotor loop, whereby a solid-state synaptic transistor elicits stronger actuation when a stimulus of increasing pressure is applied.
The disappearing boundary between organism and machine
Authors: Sekitani Tsuyoshi
Published: May 2023

Artificial skin mimics the sensory feedback of biological skin
Fear of large carnivores amplifies human-caused mortality for mesopredators
Authors: Prugh Laura R. , Cunningham Calum X. , Windell Rebecca M. , Kertson Brian N. , Ganz Taylor R. , Walker Savanah L. , Wirsing Aaron J.
Published: May 2023

The challenge that large carnivores face in coexisting with humans calls into question their ability to carry out critical ecosystem functions such as mesopredator suppression outside protected areas. In this study, we examined the movements and fates of mesopredators and large carnivores across rural landscapes characterized by substantial human influences. Mesopredators shifted their movements toward areas with twofold-greater human influence in regions occupied by large carnivores, indicating that they perceived humans to be less of a threat. However, rather than shielding mesopredators, human-caused mortality was more than three times higher than large carnivore–caused mortality. Mesopredator suppression by apex predators may thus be amplified, rather than dampened, outside protected areas, because fear of large carnivores drives mesopredators into areas of even greater risk from human super predators.
Disentangling the activity-selectivity trade-off in catalytic conversion of syngas to light olefins
Authors: Jiao Feng , Bai Bing , Li Gen , Pan Xiulian , Ye Yihan , Qu Shengcheng , Xu Changqi , Xiao Jianping , Jia Zhenghao , Liu Wei , Peng Tao , Ding Yilun , Liu Cheng , Li Jinjing , Bao Xinhe
Published: May 2023

Breaking the trade-off between activity and selectivity has been a long-standing challenge in the field of catalysis. We demonstrate the importance of disentangling the target reaction from the secondary reactions for the case of direct syngas conversion to light olefins by incorporating germanium-substituted AlPO-18 within the framework of the metal oxide–zeolite (OXZEO) catalyst concept. The attenuated strength of the catalytically active Brønsted acid sites allows enhancing the targeted carbon-carbon coupling of ketene intermediates to form olefins by increasing the active site density while inhibiting secondary reactions that consume the olefins. Thus, a light-olefins selectivity of 83% among hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide conversion of 85% were obtained simultaneously, leading to an unprecedented light-olefins yield of 48% versus current reported light-olefins yields of ≤27%.
High-performance multimode elastocaloric cooling system
Authors: Qian Suxin , Catalini David , Muehlbauer Jan , Liu Boyang , Mevada Het , Hou Huilong , Hwang Yunho , Radermacher Reinhard , Takeuchi Ichiro
Published: May 2023

Developing zero–global warming potential refrigerants has emerged as one area that helps address global climate change concerns. Various high-efficiency caloric cooling techniques meet this goal, but scaling them up to technologically meaningful performance remains challenging. We have developed an elastocaloric cooling system with a maximum cooling power of 260 watts and a maximum temperature span of 22.5 kelvin. These values are among the highest reported for any caloric cooling system. Its key feature is the compression of fatigue-resistant elastocaloric nitinol (NiTi) tubes configured in a versatile multimode heat exchange architecture, which allows the harnessing of both high delivered cooling power and large temperature spans. Our system shows that elastocaloric cooling, which only emerged 8 years ago, is a promising direction for commercializing caloric cooling.
Moving beyond “Why Mars?”
For the Love of Mars: A Human History of the Red Planet
Matthew Shindell
University of Chicago Press, 2023. 248 pp.
Authors: Markley Robert
Published: May 2023

A historian probes the cultural contexts of our enduring fascination with the red planet
When the enemy of an enemy is no friend
Authors: Darimont Chris T. , Shukla Ishana
Published: May 2023

Some wildlife species mistakenly seek human-inhabited areas to avoid predators
Unmixed blessing
Authors: Stokstad Erik
Published: May 2023

Researchers are closing in on the long-sought goal of creating high-yielding hybrid crops that can be propagated indefinitely, without sex
Genomic Characterization of Mycoplasma arginini Isolated from a Housefly on a Dairy Farm and Comparison with Isolates from Bovine Milk and Lung Tissue
Authors: Gioia G. , Severgnini M. , Cremonesi P. , Castiglioni B. , Freeman J. , Sipka A. , Santisteban C. , Wieland M. , Gallardo V. Alanis , Scott J. G. , Moroni P. , Addis M. F.
Published: May 2023

It is critical to control the spread of bovine mastitis caused by
Mycoplasma
spp., as this disease can be highly contagious and have a severe economic impact on affected dairies. A better understanding of possible transmission routes is crucial for infection control and prevention.
Nitrate Reductase NarGHJI Modulates Virulence via Regulation of
agr
Expression in Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Strain USA300 LAC
Authors: Li Yujie , Pan Ting , Cao Ruobing , Li Wei , He Zhien , Sun Baolin
Published: May 2023

Staphylococcus aureus
is a notorious pathogen that poses a great threat to human health. The emergence of drug-resistant strains has significantly increased the difficulty of preventing and treating
S. aureus
infection and enhanced the pathogenic ability of the bacterium.
Burkholderia contaminans Bacteriophage CSP3 Requires O-Antigen Polysaccharides for Infection
Authors: Stanton Cassandra R. , Batinovic Steven , Petrovski Steve
Published: May 2023

Amid the global antibiotic resistance crisis, novel antimicrobials are needed to treat problematic bacterial infections, including those from the
Burkholderia cepacia
complex. One such alternative is the use of bacteriophages; however, a lot is still unknown about their biology.
1 Placental pharmacology studies to characterize the effects and disposition of pharmaceuticals: lessons from human tissues and cells for improving drug safety in pregnancy
Authors: Greupink Rick
Published: May 2023

The placenta plays a key role in maintaining a healthy pregnancy. In order to improve drug safety during pregnancy, it is therefore relevant to understand to which extent and at which rate drugs are transferred across the placenta and how pharmaceuticals may affect placental function. Translational and predictive pharmacology studies based on human tissues and cells are becoming increasingly important in characterizing the effects and disposition of pharmaceuticals. With regard to the placenta, such approaches may for example be readily combined with physiology-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to predict fetal exposure of drugs, as well as placental tissue exposure in the clinic. In addition, placental tissue and cells can be used to study potential effects of drugs, as well. The current presentation, will highlight several studies that investigated the placental disposition and effects of both small and large molecule pharmaceuticals, as well as how such data can help to better understand the clinical pharmacology of therapeutics.
17 Microdosing/microtracer based pediatric drug development
Authors: van Duijn Esther , Erpelinck Steven , Vaes Wouter
Published: May 2023

Introduction

An overview is given on the use of microdosing/microtracing studies for the safer and faster development of drugs in children. In a microdosing study a very small amount of radiolabelled (often 14C) drug is administered to a human volunteer. Using accelerator mass spectrometry extremely low amounts of the drug and metabolites can be traced and quantified.

Methods

Several publications show the feasibility of microdose/microtrace studies in the pediatric population, providing insight into the ontogenic differences between all age groups. So far well-known drugs have been used for these studies in children, such as midazolam and paracetamol. Information was generated on the absolute bioavailability, mass balance and metabolite profiles.

Results

In pediatric drug development especially metabolic pathways raise a challenge, as between age groups the expression levels and activity of metabolizing enzymes can differ significantly. In 2019 the FDA released a draft of the “General Clinical Pharmacology Considerations for Neonatal Studies for Drugs and Biological Products Guidance for Industry”. This document includes the recommendation to perform microdosing studies in neonates to assess ontogenic differences in the metabolic pathways compared to older populations.

Conclusions

The classic approach of developing a drug for the pediatric population is time consuming, as each age class, starting from human adults down to neonates is investigated consecutively. Using a microdosing approach information in all age groups could be generated in parallel without increasing safety risks, when dose linearity for the drug of interest is shown adults. Thereby providing the most accurate “prediction model” for drug behavior at therapeutic levels.
22 Favipiravir pharmacokinetics in immunocompromised infants and children with chronic RNA viral infections
Authors: Cheng Iek , Solas Caroline , Howley Evey , Breuer Judith , Standing Joseph , Kreins Alexandra
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Favipiravir selectively inhibits RNA polymerase responsible for single-stranded viral replication. It is licensed for treating influenza and repurposed to treat other diseases such as Ebola and COVID-19. It is metabolised by hepatic aldehyde oxidase (AO) and is an AO inhibitor with complex pharmacokinetics. We have used favipiravir, in combination with other antivirals, in severely immunocompromised children with life-threatening RNA virus infections. As an unlicensed indication, favipiravir pharmacokinetics were routinely monitored at our institution. Population pharmacokinetic model is used to describe the favipiravir pharmacokinetic properties, drug exposure and sources of variability in these children.

Methods

Routine favipiravir plasma levels of 9 patients (0.8–11yrs, mean age=5.3yrs; median weight=15kg) were analysed retrospectively (62 samples). All patients received favipiravir 200mg or 400mg tds and had at least one plasma level 45min (peak), 3h and 8h (trough) post-dose. Parameter estimation and model simulation properties (visual predictive check) were assessed using R language (v 4.1.2) and RStudio (2022.02.0+443).

Results

A one-compartment model with weight as covariate best describes the data, with (1) elimination clearance=1L/h and volume of distribution=7.54L, both allometric scaled centring at median weight, and (2) estimated t1/2=5.17h with Cmax = 24µg/mL at 200mg and 41µg/mL at 400mg.

Conclusions

To our knowledge this is the first report of favipiravir pharmacokinetic parameters in infants and young children. Weight significantly improves the model fit as a covariate. Reported EC50 for norovirus in vitro was 19–39µg/mL and enterovirus 71 was 23µg/mL, indicating higher favipiravir doses or combination with other antivirals are required.
6 PBPK model-informed dosing guidelines in pediatric clinical care – initiation and drug prioritization
Authors: Freriksen Jolien , de Hoop-Sommen Marika , van der Heijden Joyce , Greupink Rick , de Wildt Saskia
Published: May 2023

Introduction

With approximately 50% of the drugs being prescribed off-label, the pediatric population is in need for an innovative approach to establish harmonized, best evidence-based dosing guidelines. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling is a valuable approach to predict drug pharmacokinetics (PK) and to support dosing. As a first step to implement PBPK-informed dosing in pediatric clinical care, we aimed to identify drugs suitable to verify the PBPK approach and prioritize drugs in need of model-informed dosing.

Methods

To select a drug, it required to be listed on: 1. the Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (EMLc) of the WHO and on 2. the Dutch Pediatric Formulary (DPF). Also, a Simcyp® PBPK compound model had to be available. The level of evidence of the dosing recommendations in the DPF, the availability of pediatric pharmacokinetic data, and the opinion of clinicians on the relevance of the drug were reviewed for further prioritization.

Results

Of all drugs on the EMLc, 199 are listed in the DPF. For 76 of them, a Simcyp® compound model is available, either directly in the software, its repository, or from scientific literature. Eleven drugs have sufficient PK data to verify the PBPK modeling approach. For 48 drugs, we identify a moderate to high priority for a model-informed dose.

Conclusions

This work now provides input for the next steps which include verification of PBPK model performance in pediatrics and subsequent PBPK modelling to establish dosing guidelines. A joint effort and an internationally accessible platform are needed to share information on pediatric PBPK modelling to eventually implement model-informed doses in clinical practice.

This abstract is based on research funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Women and non-white people among Lasker Award recipients from 1946 to 2022: cross sectional study
Authors: Jacobs Jeremy W , Bibb Lorin A , Allen Elizabeth S , Ward Dawn C , Booth Garrett S , Silver Julie K , Adkins Brian D
Published: May 2023

Objective

To determine whether gender and racial inequities exist among Lasker Award recipients.

Design

Observational, cross sectional analysis.

Setting

Population based study.

Participants

Recipients of four Lasker Awards from 1946 to 2022.

Main outcome measures

Gender and race (non-white categorized as racialized
v
white categorized as non-racialized) of all Lasker Award recipients. Personal characteristics of award recipients were categorized by four independent authors using previously established methods and consistency of categorization among authors was analyzed. Women and non-white people were thought to be underrepresented among Lasker Award recipients compared with professional degree recipients overall.

Results

Among 397 Lasker Award recipients since 1946, 92.2% (366/397) were men. Most award recipients were identified as white (95.7%, 380/397). One non-white woman was identified as having received a Lasker Award over the course of seven decades. The proportion of women among award recipients in the most recent decade (2013-22) is similar to the first decade of awards (1946-55; 15.6%, 7/45
v
12.9%, 8/62). The median timeframe from terminal degree receipt to Lasker Award conferral for all award recipients is 30 years. The proportion of women who received a Lasker Award between 2019 and 2022 (7.1%) was less than would be expected based on the proportion of life science doctorates awarded to women

in 1989 (30 years previously; 38.1%).

Conclusions

The number of women and non-white people in academic medicine and biomedical research continues to increase, yet the proportion of women among Lasker Award recipients has not changed in more than 70 years. Additionally, time from terminal degree receipt to Lasker Award conferral does not appear to fully account for the observed inequities. These findings establish the need for further investigation of possible factors that could hinder women and non-white people from entering the pool of eligible award recipients, potentially limiting the diversification of the science and academic biomedical workforce.
Evaluation of emergency care education and triage implementation: an observational study at a hospital in rural Liberia
Authors: Towns Kathleen , Dolo Isaac , Pickering Ashley E , Ludmer Nicholas , Karanja Viola , Marsh Regan H , Horace Minnie , Dweh Denny , Dalieh Tresa , Myers Sharon , Bukhman Alice , Gashi Jason , Sonenthal Paul , Ulysse Patrick , Cook Rebecca , Rouhani Shada A
Published: May 2023

Introduction

In Liberia, emergency care is still in its early development. In 2019, two emergency care and triage education sessions were done at J. J. Dossen Hospital in Southeastern Liberia. The observational study objectives evaluated key process outcomes before and after the educational interventions.

Methods

Emergency department paper records from 1 February 2019 to 31 December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Simple descriptive statistics were used to describe patient demographics and χ2analyses were used to test for significance. ORs were calculated for key predetermined process measures.

Results

There were 8222 patient visits recorded that were included in our analysis. Patients in the post-intervention 1 group had higher odds of having a documented full set of vital signs compared with the baseline group (16% vs 3.5%, OR: 5.4 (95% CI: 4.3 to 6.7)). After triage implementation, patients who were triaged were 16 times more likely to have a full set of vitals compared with those who were not triaged. Similarly, compared with the baseline group, patients in the post-intervention 1 group had higher odds of having a glucose documented if they presented with altered mental status or a neurologic complaint (37% vs 30%, OR: 1.7 (95% CI: 1.3 to 2.2)), documented antibiotic administration if they had a presumed bacterial infection (87% vs 35%, OR: 12.8 (95% CI: 8.8 to 17.1)), documented malaria test if presenting with fever (76% vs 61%, OR: 2.05 (95% CI: 1.37 to 3.08)) or documented repeat set of vitals if presenting with shock (25% vs 6.6%, OR: 8.85 (95% CI: 1.67 to 14.06)). There was no significant difference in the above process outcomes between the education interventions.

Conclusion

This study showed improvement in most process measures between the baseline and post-intervention 1 groups, benefits that persisted post-intervention 2, thus supporting the importance of short-course education interventions to durably improve facility-based care.
Balloon Angioplasty for Symptomatic Intracranial Artery Stenosis (BASIS): protocol of a prospective, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Sun Xuan , Yang Ming , Sun Dapeng , Peng Guangge , Deng Yiming , Zhao Xingquan , Liu Liping , Ma Ning , Gao Feng , Mo Dapeng , Yu Wengui , Wang Yongjun , Wang Yilong , Miao Zhongrong
Published: May 2023

Background

The superiority of balloon angioplasty plus aggressive medical management (AMM) to AMM alone for symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis (sICAS) on efficacy and safety profiles still lacks evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Aim

To demonstrate the design of an RCT on balloon angioplasty plus AMM for sICAS.

Design

Balloon Angioplasty for Symptomatic Intracranial Artery Stenosis (BASIS) trial is a multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded end-point trial to investigate whether balloon angioplasty plus AMM could improve clinical outcome compared with AMM alone in patients with sICAS. Patients eligible in BASIS were 35–80 years old, with a recent transient ischaemic attack within the past 90 days or ischaemic stroke between 14 days and 90 days prior to enrolment due to severe atherosclerotic stenosis (70%–99%) of a major intracranial artery. The eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive balloon angioplasty plus AMM or AMM alone at a 1:1 ratio. Both groups will receive identical AMM, including standard dual antiplatelet therapy for 90 days followed by long-term single antiplatelet therapy, intensive risk factor management and life-style modification. All participants will be followed up for 3 years.

Study outcomes

Stroke or death in the next 30 days after enrolment or after balloon angioplasty procedure of the qualifying lesion during follow-up, or any ischaemic stroke or revascularisation from the qualifying artery after 30 days but before 12 months of enrolment, is the primary outcome.

Discussion

BASIS trail is the first RCT to compare the efficacy and safety of balloon angioplasty plus AMM to AMM alone in sICAS patients, which may provide an alternative perspective for treating sICAS.

Trial registration number

NCT03703635;https://www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Massively parallel fragment-based quantum chemistry for large molecular systems: the serestipy software
Authors: Eschenbach Patrick , Niemeyer Niklas , Neugebauer Johannes
Published: May 2023

We present the Serestipy software as an add-on to the quantum-chemistry program Serenity. Serestipy is a representational-state transfer-oriented application programming interface written in the Python programming language enabling parallel subsystem density-functional theory calculations. We introduce approximate strategies in the context of frozen-density embedding time-dependent density-functional theory to make parallel large-scale excited-state calculations feasible. Their accuracy is carefully benchmarked with calculations for a model system consisting of porphine rings. We apply this framework to a nanotube made up of those porphine rings consisting of 12 160 atoms (or 264 960 basis functions) and obtain its electronic structure and absorption spectrum in less than a day of computational time.
The S- and P-wave fully charmed tetraquark states and their radial excitations
Authors: Yu Guo-Liang , Li Zhen-Yu , Wang Zhi-Gang , Jie Lu , Meng Yan
Published: May 2023

Inspired by recent progresses in observations of the fully charmed tetraquark states by LHCb, CMS, and ATLAS collaborations, we perform a systematic study of the ground states and the first radial excitations of the S- and P-wave $$\textrm{cc}\bar{\textrm{c}}\bar{\textrm{c}}$$

cc

c

¯

c

¯

system. Their mass spectra, root mean square (r.m.s.) radii and radial density distributions are studied with the relativized quark model. The calculations show that there is no stable bound states for the fully charmed tetraquark states, and the r.m.s. radii of these tetraquark states are smaller than 1 fm. Our results support assigning X(6600) structure, M$$_{X(6600)}=6552\pm 10\pm 12$$

X
(
6600
)

=
6552
±
10
±
12

MeV, as one of the $$0^{++}$$

0

+
+

(1S) and $$2^{++}$$

2

+
+

(1S) states or their mixtures. Another structure also named as X(6600) by CMS Collaboration, M$$_{X(6600)}=6.62\pm 0.03^{+0.02}_{-0.01}$$

X
(
6600
)

=
6.62
±
0
.

03

-
0.01

+
0.02

GeV, may arise from the lowest 1P states with $$J^{PC}=0^{-+}$$

J

PC

=

0

-
+

, $$1^{-+}$$

1

-
+

, and $$2^{-+}$$

2

-
+

. The possible assignments for X(6900) include the $$0^{++}$$

0

+
+

(2S), $$2^{++}$$

2

+
+

(2S) states, and the highest 1P state with $$J^{PC}=0^{-+}$$

J

PC

=

0

-
+

. As for X(7200), it can be interpreted as one of the highest 2P states with $$J^{PC}=0^{-+}$$

J

PC

=

0

-
+

, $$1^{-+}$$

1

-
+

, and $$2^{-+}$$

2

-
+

, and the 3S states can not be completely excluded from the candidates.
Model-independent analysis of $$\varvec{b \rightarrow d}$$ processes
Authors: Bause Rigo , Gisbert Hector , Golz Marcel , Hiller Gudrun
Published: May 2023

We perform a model-independent analysis of $$|\Delta b|=|\Delta d|=1$$

|
Δ
b
|
=
|
Δ
d
|
=
1

processes to test the standard model and probe flavor patterns of new physics. Constraints on Wilson coefficients are obtained from global fits to $$B^+ \rightarrow \pi ^+ \,\mu ^+\mu ^-$$

B
+

→

π
+

μ
+

μ
-

, $$B^0_s\rightarrow \bar{K}^{*0}\, \mu ^+\mu ^-$$

B
s
0

→

K

¯

∗
0

μ
+

μ
-

, $$B^0\rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-$$

B
0

→

μ
+

μ
-

, and radiative $$B \rightarrow X_d \,\gamma $$

B
→

X
d

γ

decays data. The fits are consistent with the standard model but leave sizable room for new physics. Besides higher-statistics measurements and more data in theory-friendly bins of the dilepton mass, further complementary observables such as angular distributions of $$B_s^0 \rightarrow \bar{K}^{*0}\,\ell ^+ \ell ^-$$

B
s
0

→

K

¯

∗
0

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

, $$B \rightarrow \rho \,\ell ^+ \ell ^-$$

B
→
ρ

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

or the baryonic modes $$\Xi _b \rightarrow \Sigma \,\ell ^+ \ell ^-$$

Ξ
b

→
Σ

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

, $$\Omega _b^- \rightarrow \Xi ^- \, \ell ^+ \ell ^-$$

Ω
b
-

→

Ξ
-

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

are necessary to resolve the significant degeneracy in the fit for the semileptonic four-fermion operators. Assuming minimal quark flavor violation, the $$b \rightarrow s$$

b
→
s

global fit implies tight constraints on the $$b \rightarrow d$$

b
→
d

couplings, and hence allows to test this paradigm with improved data. Another benefit from $$|\Delta b|=|\Delta d|=1$$

|
Δ
b
|
=
|
Δ
d
|
=
1

processes is to shed light on the B-anomalies in $$|\Delta b|=|\Delta s|=1$$

|
Δ
b
|
=
|
Δ
s
|
=
1

modes from a new angle. Specifically, studies of lepton flavor-specific and dineutrino modes are informative on the lepton flavor structure. Rare $$b \rightarrow d \, \ell \ell , \nu \bar{\nu }$$

b
→
d

ℓ
ℓ
,
ν

ν

¯

decays can be studied at high luminosity flavor facilities LHCb, Belle II, and a future Z-factory.
Nonlinear Weighting Ensemble Learning Model to Diagnose Parkinson’s Disease Using Multimodal Data
Authors: Castillo-Barnes D. , Martinez-Murcia F. J. , Jimenez-Mesa C. , Arco J. E. , Salas-Gonzalez D. , Ramírez J. , Górriz J. M.
Published: May 2023

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder among adults. Although its triggers are still not clear, they may be due to a combination of different types of biomarkers measured through medical imaging, metabolomics, proteomics or genetics, among others. In this context, we have proposed a Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system that combines structural and functional imaging data from subjects in Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative dataset by means of an Ensemble Learning methodology trained to identify and penalize input sources with low classification rates and/ or high-variability. This proposal improves results published in recent years and provides an accurate solution not only from the point of view of image preprocessing (including a comparison between different intensity preservation techniques), but also in terms of dimensionality reduction methods (Isomap). In addition, we have also introduced a bagging classification schema for scenarios with unbalanced data.

As shown by our results, the CAD proposal is able to detect PD with [Formula: see text] of balanced accuracy, and opens up the possibility of combining any number of input data sources relevant for PD.
A note on attracting domains for holomorphic maps in ℂ2 tangent to the identity
Authors: Rong Feng
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we give sufficient conditions for the existence of attracting domains tangent to degenerate Fuchsian characteristic directions of holomorphic maps in [Formula: see text] tangent to the identity.
Motion of a neutrally buoyant circular particle in a lid-driven square cavity with a semicircular obstacle
Authors: Hu Junjie , He Huagang , Wang Lei , Wang Huili , Chai Zhenhua , Pan Hui
Published: May 2023

Understanding, predicting and controlling the motion of the solid particles in the square cavity with obstacles are important. This work performs a lattice Boltzmann study on the motion of a neutrally buoyant circular particle in a lid-driven square cavity with a semicircular obstacle, where the effects of Reynolds numbers and initial positions of the circular particle on the motion of the circular particle are investigated. The motion of the circular particle is affected significantly by the semicircular obstacle, which is quite different from the case without obstacles. With the increase of the Reynolds number, the motion of the circular particle is divided into three stages. At low Reynolds numbers ([Formula: see text]), similar to the case without obstacles, no matter where the initial position of the circular particle is, the limit cycle of the circular particle is the same. Beyond a critical Reynolds number (between 800 and 900), the limit cycle of the circular particle is dependent on the initial position of the circular particle obviously, which is attributed to the opposing centrifugal and wall-repulsion forces.
Topological insulators in relativistic quantum mechanics
Authors: Gamboa J. , Méndez F. , Ramírez R.
Published: May 2023

By employing supersymmetric quantum mechanics, the analog of relativistic quantum mechanics for topological insulators is considered. The procedure determines the general structure of the spin–orbit coupling even though it constrains the coupling constant. Through analogies with nonelativistic quantum mechanics, we construct relativistic Hamiltonians that share properties of topological insulators. As an application of our results, we study in detail the nonabelian extension of the Dirac–Landau oscillator and relativistic scattering with a spin–orbit coupling term.
Classifying word problems of finitely generated algebras via computable reducibility
Authors: Delle Rose Valentino , San Mauro Luca , Sorbi Andrea
Published: May 2023

We contribute to a recent research program which aims at revisiting the study of the complexity of word problems, a major area of research in combinatorial algebra, through the lens of the theory of computably enumerable equivalence relations (ceers), which has considerably grown in recent times. To pursue our analysis, we rely on the most popular way of assessing the complexity of ceers, that is via computable reducibility on equivalence relations, and its corresponding degree structure (the [Formula: see text]-degrees). On the negative side, building on previous work of Kasymov and Khoussainov, we individuate a collection of [Formula: see text]-degrees of ceers which cannot be realized by the word problem of any finitely generated algebra of finite type. On the positive side, we show that word problems of finitely generated semigroups realize a collection of [Formula: see text]-degrees which embeds rich structures and is large in several reasonable ways.
Quantum invariants of links and 3-manifolds with boundary defined via virtual links
Authors: Kauffman Louis H. , Ogasa Eiji
Published: May 2023

We introduce new topological quantum invariants, surface link quantum invariants, of compact oriented 3-manifolds with boundary where the boundary is a disjoint union of two identical surfaces. The invariants are constructed by using virtual knots and links.

These invariants are new, nontrivial, and calculable examples of quantum invariants of 3-manifolds with non-vacuous boundary.

Our new invariants, surface link quantum invariants, give new invariants of classical knots and links, i.e., knots and links in the 3-sphere. That is, virtual knot theory induces a new, classical knot invariant.
On quantum traversability of wormholes
Authors: Furtado J. , Muniz C. R. , Cunha M. S. , Silva J. E. G.
Published: May 2023

This paper explores the possibility of scalar quantum particles traversing generalized Ellis–Bronnikov wormholes, taking into account quantum effects like tunneling. We investigate the generalized Ellis–Bronnikov wormhole metric and discover that when the exponent parameter is [Formula: see text], there is a single barrier-shaped effective potential at the throat of the wormhole for any orbital angular momentum value. Conversely, for [Formula: see text], the potential can be symmetric and double barrier-shaped, depending on the orbital angular momentum value. We only find analytical solutions for the Schrödinger-like equation in the generalized Ellis–Bronnikov spacetime for [Formula: see text], which are expressed using confluent Heun functions. By making certain approximations, we derive the transmission and reflection coefficients for scalar particles to tunnel through the generalized Ellis–Bronnikov wormhole.
UPDATE ON SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CERVICAL KYPHOSIS IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
Authors: Chua Jian-Yuan , Yeh Kuang-Ting , Wu Wen-Tien
Published: May 2023

Cervical kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis is a debilitating disease for the patient as well as a complex deformity for the surgeon to treat. Ankylosing spondylitis patients should be assessed clinically and radiologically to determine their indications for surgery. Thorough preoperative evaluation of the patient and surgical planning are critical to the success of the corrective surgery. Various kyphotic deformities and osteotomy classifications can be taken into consideration for surgical planning. There are various types of corrective procedures for the treatment of cervical kyphosis. For patients with ankylosing spondylitis and chin-on-chest deformity, pedicle subtraction osteotomy offers the largest angle of correction. However, pedicle subtraction osteotomy is highly technically demanding and associated with a substantial risk for neurovascular complications.
Dynamics of Axially Functionally Graded Porous Nanotubes Containing Fluid Under a Moving Load
Authors: Wang Zhisheng , Cao Guohua , Meng Xianyu , Hassanifardi Ali
Published: May 2023

This paper modeled forced and free vibrations of an axially functionally graded (AFG) porous Rayleigh nanotube containing fluid surrounded by a viscoelastic foundation and acted by a traveling load. The material characteristics of the nanotube are graded longitudinally according to a power-law rule. Also, different porosity models in the longitudinal direction of the system are taken into account. The nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT) is applied to reflect the size-dependency of the model. The governing dynamic equation of the system incorporating the scale effects is derived by considering the effects of slip boundary conditions for the internal fluid. The vibration response of the system is obtained analytically. Several comparison studies verify this study’s results. Various dynamic phenomena, such as cancellation and maximum free response, are discussed in different operating conditions of the system. Besides, a detailed parametric investigation is conducted to identify the effects of influential parameters, including material gradient, porosity coefficient, fluid velocity, scale parameter ratio, and substrate characteristics, on the dynamic behavior of the system. These research results could be valuable in designing and optimizing advanced nanosensors and targeted drug delivery systems.
XOR and XNOR Gates in Instantaneous Noise-Based Logic
Authors: Khreishah Mohammad B. , Daugherity Walter C. , Kish Laszlo B.
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we propose a new method of applying the XOR and XNOR gates on exponentially large superpositions in Instantaneous Noise-Based Logic. These new gates are repeatable, and they can achieve an exponential speedup in computation with polynomial hardware complexity.
Reconsidering Electroluminescence Cooling of a Heated Diode
Authors: Kirk Alexander P.
Published: May 2023

Electroluminescence cooling of a heated infrared-emitting diode has been claimed [P. Santhanam, D. J. Gray, Jr. and R. J. Ram, Thermoelectrically pumped light-emitting diodes operating above unity efficiency, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012) 097403]. After analyzing the operating characteristics of this diode, it is evident that electroluminescence cooling was not demonstrated.
Symplectic version of Gram–Schmidt process
Authors: Chattopadhyay Pratyusha , Rao Ravi A.
Published: May 2023

The Gram–Schmidt process of Vaserstein for making an elementary matrix symplectic yields a nice set of generators for the odd-sized elementary group.
Generators of symmetric polynomials in free metabelian Leibniz algebras
Authors: Özkurt Zeynep , Fındık Şehmus
Published: May 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a field of characteristic zero, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be two sets of variables, [Formula: see text] be the free metabelian Leibniz algebra generated by [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] be the commutative polynomial algebra generated by [Formula: see text] over the base field [Formula: see text]. Polynomials [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are called symmetric if they satisfy [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively, for all [Formula: see text]. The sets [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of symmetric polynomials are the [Formula: see text]-invariant subalgebras of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. The Leibniz subalgebra [Formula: see text] in the commutator ideal [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is a right [Formula: see text]-module by the adjoint action. In this study, we provide a finite generating set for the right [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text]. In particular, we give free generating sets for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text]-module and [Formula: see text]-module, respectively.
NUMERIC ANALYSIS OF BIOMECHANICAL PERFORMANCE IN THE FEMORAL NECK FRACTURE OF A BIOMATERIAL
Authors: KUYUBAŞI SABIT NUMAN , GOK ARIF , INAL SERMET , URTEKIN LEVENT , ÜZÜMCÜGIL ALAADDIN OKTAR , KURT CENGIZHAN , KILIÇ ALI IHSAN , GOK KADIR
Published: May 2023

In this study, the biomechanical behavior of three different screw materials (Ti6Al4V, Magnesium AZ91 and Ti6Al4V-HA) was analyzed to fix the femoral neck fracture with triangular fixation under axial loading and it was investigated which material was better biomechanically. Geomagic Studio and SolidWorks software were used for three-dimensional (3D) process. The triangle configuration was preferred for femoral neck fracture. The computer-aided numerical analyses were carried out in AnsysWorkbench for two different materials. We believe that the fixation materials investigated may have a role in taking patients away from recurrent anesthesia and orthopaedic surgical risks.
Fuzzy Graph Coloring Using Gröbner Basis
Authors: Jafari Hossein , Farahani Hamed
Published: May 2023

Fuzzy graph theory has an important role in modeling uncertainty in the real environment. In this work, a new approach is proposed concerning the graph coloring problem of a fuzzy graph using Gröbner basis, and a generalization of the classical crisp chromatic number of a graph. This approach is established on the successive coloring functions of the crisp graphs. Using this method, we can determine whether or not, for a fixed [Formula: see text], the given graph can be colored. If such a coloring exists, the number of distinct [Formula: see text]-colorings and chromatic number in the given fuzzy graph can be obtained. As an application, we analyze the traffic lights problem by using this method.
Mathematical model and optimal control analysis of coffee berry borer with temperature and rainfall variability
Authors: Melese Abdisa Shiferaw
Published: May 2023

This study focuses on a nonlinear deterministic mathematical model for coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) with temperature and rainfall variability. In the model analysis, CBB free and coexistence equilibria are computed. The basic reproduction numbers at a minimum and maximum temperature and rainfall are derived. The qualitative analysis of the model revealed the scenario for equilibria together with basic reproduction numbers. The local stability of equilibria is established through the Jacobian matrix and the Routh–Hurwitz criteria, while the global stability of equilibria is demonstrated using an appropriate Lyapunov function. The normalized sensitivity analysis has also been performed to observe the impact of different parameters on basic reproduction numbers. The proposed model is extended into an optimal control problem by incorporating two control variables, namely, the preventive measure variable based on the separation of susceptible coffee berries from contacting the pests based on biological control and an increase in the death rate of colonizing females of CBB based on chemical control. Optimal disease control analysis is examined using Pontryagin’s minimum principle. Finally, the numerical simulations are performed based on analytical results and are discussed quantitatively. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of control strategies to determine the best approach to minimize the CBB burden was studied. The study is significant in providing reliable information on how one can use mathematical modeling to improve the roles of control strategies and prevention in CBB transmission in a coffee farm. The outcome of the study may guide public agriculture policymakers on optimal control strategies to control the pests. In particular, using chemical pesticides is very effective to combat pests with minimum costs.
Real tight contact structures on lens spaces and surface singularities
Authors: Onaran Sinem , Ozturk Ferit
Published: May 2023

We give a partial classification for the real tight contact structures on solid tori up to equivariant contact isotopy and apply the results to the classification of real tight structures on [Formula: see text] and real lens spaces [Formula: see text]. We prove that there is a unique real tight [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We show that there is at most one real tight [Formula: see text] with respect to one of its two possible real structures. With respect to the other we give lower and upper bounds for the count. To establish lower bounds we explicitly construct real tight manifolds through equivariant contact surgery, real open book decompositions and isolated real algebraic surface singularities. As a by-product we observe the existence of an invariant torus in an [Formula: see text] which cannot be made convex equivariantly.
Simplicial volume of closed locally homogeneous Riemannian manifolds
Authors: How Peng Hui
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we show that every closed, locally homogeneous Riemannian manifold with positive simplicial volume must be homeomorphic to a locally symmetric space of non-compact type, giving a converse to a result by Lafont and Schmidt within the scope of closed, locally homogeneous Riemannian manifolds. This characterizes all closed locally homogeneous Riemannian manifolds with nonzero simplicial volume.