bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Objectively measured physical activity levels and adherence to physical activity guidelines in people with multimorbidity—A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jørgensen Lars Bo , Bricca Alessio , Bernhardt Anna , Juhl Carsten B. , Tang Lars Hermann , Mortensen Sofie Rath , Eriksen Jonas Ahler , Walløe Sisse , Skou Søren T.
Published: October 2022

Objective

To determine levels of objectively measured physical activity (PA) and the proportion of adults with multimorbidity that adheres to PA guidelines.

Methods

All studies, where PA was measured at baseline using an activity monitor in an adult (≥18 years) multimorbid (≥80% of the population had ≥2 chronic conditions) population. A systematic literature search was performed in Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, opengrey.eu and google.com from inception up until 18th of January 2022. Risk of bias was assessed with a modified version of the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. A random-effects meta-analyses was performed to estimate daily minutes of sedentary behavior (SB), light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA), moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and steps. Proportions adhering to PA guidelines was narratively synthesized. Certainty of evidence was determined using The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results

Fifteen studies (2,172 participants) were included. The most frequent combination of conditions were type 2 diabetes and hypertension (six studies). Participants spent a daily average of 500.5 (95% CI: 407.1 to 593.9) minutes in SB, 325.6 (95% CI: 246.4 to 404.7 minutes in LPA and 32.7 (95% CI: 20.2 to 45.3) minutes in MVPA. The mean daily number of steps was 5,145 (95% CI: 4264 to 6026) for people in free-living conditions. The proportion adhering to PA guidelines ranged widely (7.4% to 43%). All studies were rated as at high risk of bias and the certainty of evidence was very low.

Conclusions

PA levels and adherence varied from low to above guideline recommended levels for adults with chronic conditions, depending on PA intensity. The very low certainty of evidence calls for high quality studies focusing on detailed descriptions of PA behavior in people with multimorbidity.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020172456.
Investigation of the association between the antibody responses to neurotropic viruses and dementia outcomes in the UK Biobank
Authors: Mekli Krisztina , Lophatananon Artitaya , Cant Rachel , Burns Alistair , Dobson Curtis B. , Itzhaki Ruth F. , Muir Kenneth R.
Published: October 2022

The causes that trigger the onset of dementia are still unknown. Recently there has been an increasing interest in the possible role of infectious agents in the brain in the pathogenesis of this condition. Amongst the viruses, members of the Herpesviridae family, namely herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV1), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus-6 (HHV6), human herpesvirus-7 (HHV7) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) have been suggested as potential causes of the disease. However, the relative importance of these and other viruses in contributing to dementia remains unclear. We evaluated the association between seropositivity status of all viruses available in a large, population-based dataset (the UK Biobank) and dementia risk in an unbiased way. Of the 15 viruses investigated, our results showed a statistically significant increase of dementia risk associated only with HSV1 seropositivity (OR 2.14, 95% C.I. 1.21–3.81). However, by combining the data we found that seropositivity for 4 viruses (HSV1, HHV6, HHV7 and VZV) also significantly increases the risk of dementia (OR = 2.37, 95% C.I. 1.43–3.92). These four viruses have been described previously as neurotropic viruses. Our results provide support for a role for neurotropic viruses in the pathology of dementia.
The breeding biology of erect-crested penguins, Eudyptes sclateri: Hormones, behavior, obligate brood reduction and conservation
Authors: Davis Lloyd S. , Renner Martin , Houston David , Zhu Lei , Finkler Wiebke , Mattern Thomas
Published: October 2022

Erect-crested penguins are the least studied of all penguins. They breed on two isolated subantarctic island groups, the Antipodes and Bounty Islands. Sporadic nest counts indicate a dramatic decline in numbers of erect-crested penguins over the last 50 years. Here we present data from a study undertaken in 1998 on the breeding biology, behavior and hormones of erect-crested penguins. It represents, even today, by far the most detailed data available on this species. The penguins exhibited extreme reversed egg-size dimorphism, whereby the first-laid A-egg was much smaller than the second-laid B-egg. A-eggs were lost before (42.3%) or on (37.8%) the day the B-egg was laid, and none survived more than 7 days after that. The penguins were in a low state of reproductive readiness, as evidenced by low levels of copulation, fighting, and testosterone in males during the courtship/laying period when, curiously, plasma levels of testosterone were at least as high in females. The laying interval (5.4 days) is the longest recorded for any penguin species, and incubation was highly variable until clutch completion. Most nests (91.2%) contained no nesting material and eggs were laid directly onto the ground. A-eggs were lost mainly by rolling out of the nest. However, even when prevented from doing so by an experimental manipulation, A-eggs survived no longer than those in control nests. Testosterone levels in males increased after clutch completion, when they remained in attendance at the nest for up to 13 days, despite females assuming most of the incubation duties. The bills of males were significantly larger than those of females and probably help with guarding the nest. We discuss explanations for obligate brood reduction in crested penguins and the options for conservation in light of our census results, which indicate that this enigmatic penguin species could be in trouble.
Biostratinomic alterations of an Edmontosaurus “mummy” reveal a pathway for soft tissue preservation without invoking “exceptional conditions”
Authors: Drumheller Stephanie K. , Boyd Clint A. , Barnes Becky M. S. , Householder Mindy L.
Published: October 2022

Removal or protection from biostratinomic agents of decomposition, such as predators and scavengers, is widely seen as a requirement for high-quality preservation of soft tissues in the fossil record. In this context, extremely rapid burial is an oft-cited mechanism for shielding remains from degradation, but not all fossils fit nicely into this paradigm. Dinosaurian mummies in particular seemingly require two mutually exclusive taphonomic processes to preserve under that framework: desiccation and rapid burial. Here we present a recently preparedEdmontosaurusmummy that reveals an alternate fossilization pathway for resistant soft tissues (e.g., skin and nails). While the skin on this specimen is well-preserved in three dimensions and contains biomarkers, it is deflated and marked by the first documented examples of injuries consistent with carnivore activity on dinosaurian soft tissue during the perimortem interval. Incomplete scavenging of the carcass provided a route for the gases, fluids, and microbes associated with decomposition to escape, allowing more durable soft tissues to persist through the weeks to months required for desiccation prior to entombment and fossilization. This pathway is consistent with actualistic observations and explains why dinosaurian skin, while rare, is more commonly preserved than expected if extreme circumstances were required for its preservation. More broadly, our assumptions guide specimen collection and research, and the presence of soft tissues and biomolecules in fossils that demonstrably were not rapidly buried, such as this mummy, suggests that such types of evidence may be substantially more common than previously assumed.
A new buffering theory of social support and psychological stress
Authors: Bekiros Stelios , Jahanshahi Hadi , Munoz-Pacheco Jesus M.
Published: October 2022

A dynamical model linking stress, social support, and health has been recently proposed and numerically analyzed from a classical point of view of integer-order calculus. Although interesting observations have been obtained in this way, the present work conducts a fractional-order analysis of that model. Under a periodic forcing of an environmental stress variable, the perceived stress has been analyzed through bifurcation diagrams and two well-known metrics of entropy and complexity, such as spectral entropy and C0 complexity. The results obtained by numerical simulations have shown novel insights into how stress evolves with frequency and amplitude of the perturbation, as well as with initial conditions for the system variables. More precisely, it has been observed that stress can alternate between chaos, periodic oscillations, and stable behaviors as the fractional order varies. Moreover, the perturbation frequency has revealed a narrow interval for the chaotic oscillations, while its amplitude may present different values indicating a low sensitivity regarding chaos generation. Also, the perceived stress has been noted to be highly sensitive to initial conditions for the symptoms of stress-related ill-health and for the social support received from family and friends. This work opens new directions of research whereby fractional calculus might offer more insight into psychology, life sciences, mental disorders, and stress-free well-being.
The health benefit of physical exercise on COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from mainland China
Authors: Lin Ruofei , Hu Xiaoli , Guo Lige , Huang Junpei
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Our study aims to investigate the health benefit of regular physical exercise participation on a series of COVID-19 outcomes including COVID-19 morbidity, mortality, and cure rate.

Methods

Prefecture-level panel data related to physical exercise and the COVID-19 pandemic in China were collected from January 1 to March 17, 2020, (N = 21379). Multiple linear regression was conducted, and the ordinary least squares technique was used to estimate the coefficient.

Results

It was shown that regular sports participation significantly negatively affected COVID-19 morbidity (estimate = -1.1061, p<0.01) and mortality (estimate = -0.3836, p<0.01), and positively affected cure rate (estimate = 0.0448, p<0.01), implying that engaging in physical exercise regularly does have a significant positive effect on COVID-19 outcomes. Then, we explored the heterogeneity of the effect of physical exercise on areas with different risk levels and it was revealed that the effect of physical exercise was more pronounced in high-risk areas in terms of morbidity (estimate = -1.8776, p<0.01 in high-risk areas; estimate = -0.0037, p<0.01 in low-risk areas), mortality (estimate = -0.3982, p<0.01 in high-risk areas; estimate = -0.3492, p<0.01 in low-risk areas), and cure rate (estimate = 0.0807, p<0.01 in high-risk areas; 0.0193 = -0.0037, p<0.05 in low-risk areas).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that regularly engaging in physical exercise before the pandemic has positive health effects, especially in the case of a more severe epidemic. Therefore, we urge readers to actively engage in physical exercise so that we can reduce the risks in the event of a pandemic.
Interspecific synchrony on breeding performance and the role of anthropogenic food subsidies
Authors: Payo-Payo Ana , Igual José-Manuel , Sanz-Aguilar Ana , Real Enric , Genovart Meritxell , Oro Daniel , Tavecchia Giacomo
Published: October 2022

Synchrony can have important consequences for long-term metapopulations persistence, community dynamics and ecosystems functioning. While the causes and consequences of intra-specific synchrony on population size and demographic rates have received considerable attention only a few factors that may affect inter-specific synchrony have been described. We formulate the hypothesis that food subsidies can buffer the influence of environmental stochasticity on community dynamics, disrupting and masking originally synchronized systems. To illustrate this hypothesis, we assessed the consequences of European policies implementation affecting subsidy availability on the temporal synchrony of egg volume as a proxy of breeding investment in two sympatric marine top predators with differential subsidy use. We show how 7-year synchrony appears on egg volume fluctuations after subsidy cessation suggesting that food subsidies could disrupt interspecific synchrony. Moreover, cross correlation increased after subsidy cessation and environmental buffering seems to act during synchronization period. We emphasize that subsidies dynamics and waste management provide novel insights on the emergence of synchrony in natural populations.
How do manufacturing and producer service agglomerations affect urban innovation differently? Empirical evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Mingdou , Li Weilu , Zhang Rui , Yang Xia
Published: October 2022

Despite the growing body of literature on the influence of industrial agglomeration on urban innovation, no consensus has been reached on the mechanism of the spillover effect. This empirical study exploits heterogeneity in spillover effects between manufacturing and producer service agglomerations on urban innovation based on a sample of 262 prefecture-level cities in China. We find some intriguing and new findings: (1) The threshold effect can be identified for the spillover effect of manufacturing agglomeration but not for that of producer service agglomeration. (2) Manufacturing and producer service agglomerations have opposite decomposition indirect effect. (3) The spatial spillover effect of industrial agglomeration can be restrained by absorptive capacity of nearby cities. This study not only provides empirical evidence for the reconciliation of the debate on the effect of manufacturing and producer service agglomeration, but also has important policy implication for reconsidering the role of industrial agglomeration in urban innovation.
Phenotypic variation in biomass and related traits among four generations advanced lines of Cleome (Gynandropsis gynandra L. (Briq.))
Authors: Houdegbe Aristide Carlos , Achigan-Dako Enoch G. , Sogbohossou E. O. Dêêdi , Schranz M. Eric , Odindo Alfred O. , Sibiya Julia
Published: October 2022

Gynandropsis gynandra (spider plant) is an African traditional leafy vegetable rich in minerals, vitamins and health-promoting compounds with potential for health promotion, micronutrients supplementation and income generation for stakeholders, including pharmaceutical companies. However, information on biomass productivity is limited and consequently constrains breeders’ ability to select high-yielding genotypes and end-users to make decisions on suitable cultivation and production systems. This study aimed to assess the phenotypic variability in biomass and related traits in a collection of G. gynandra advanced lines to select elite genotypes for improved cultivar development. Seventy-one advanced lines selected from accessions originating from Asia, West Africa, East Africa and Southern Africa were evaluated over two years with two replicates in a greenhouse using a 9 x 8 alpha lattice design. Significant statistical differences were observed among lines and genotype origins for all fourteen biomass and related traits. The results revealed three clusters, with each cluster dominated by lines derived from accessions from Asia (Cluster 1), West Africa (Cluster 2), and East/Southern Africa (Cluster 3). The West African and East/Southern African groups were comparable in biomass productivity and superior to the Asian group. Specifically, the West African group had a low number of long primary branches, high dry matter content and flowered early. The East/Southern African group was characterized by broad leaves, late flowering, a high number of short primary branches and medium dry matter content and was a candidate for cultivar release. The maintenance of lines’ membership to their group of origin strengthens the hypothesis of geographical signature in cleome diversity and genetic driver of the observed variation. High genetic variance, broad-sense heritability and genetic gains showed the potential to improve biomass yield and related traits. Significant and positive correlations among biomass per plant, plant height, stem diameter and leaf size showed the potential of simultaneous and direct selection for farmers’ desired traits. The present results provide insights into the diversity of spider plant genotypes for biomass productivity and represent key resources for further improvement in the species.
Biogasification of methanol extract of lignite and its residue: A case study of Yima coalfield, China
Authors: Liu Jianmin , Ren Hengxing , Jin Yi , He Huan , Chen Linyong , Li Guofu , Wang Baoyu
Published: October 2022

To investigate the biogas generation characteristics of the organic matter in lignite, methanol extraction was conducted to obtain the soluble fraction and the residual of lignite, which were subsequently taken as the sole carbon source for biogas production by a methanogenic consortium. Afterward, the composition of compounds before and after the fermentation was characterized by UV-Vis, GC-MS, and HPLC-MS analysis. The results indicated that the methanogenic microorganisms could produce H2 and CO2 without accumulating CH4 by utilizing the extract, and the methane production of the residue was 18% larger than that of raw lignite, reaching 1.03 mmol/g. Moreover, the organic compounds in the methanol extract were degraded and their molecular weight was reduced. Compounds such as 1, 6-dimethyl-4-(2-methylethyl) naphthalene, 7-butyl-1-hexylnaphthalene, simonellite, and retene were completely degraded by microorganisms. In addition, both aromatic and non-aromatic metabolites produced in the biodegradation were detected, some of which may have a negative effect on the methanogenesis process. These results revealed the complexity of the interaction between coal and organism from another point of view.
Kernel-based gene–environment interaction tests for rare variants with multiple quantitative phenotypes
Authors: Jin Xiaoqin , Shi Gang
Published: October 2022

Previous studies have suggested that gene–environment interactions (GEIs) between a common variant and an environmental factor can influence multiple correlated phenotypes simultaneously, that is, GEI pleiotropy, and that analyzing multiple phenotypes jointly is more powerful than analyzing phenotypes separately by using single-phenotype GEI tests. Methods to test the GEI for rare variants with multiple phenotypes are, however, lacking. In our work, we model the correlation among the GEI effects of a variant on multiple quantitative phenotypes through four kernels and propose four multiphenotype GEI tests for rare variants, which are a test with a homogeneous kernel (Hom-GEI), a test with a heterogeneous kernel (Het-GEI), a test with a projection phenotype kernel (PPK-GEI) and a test with a linear phenotype kernel (LPK-GEI). Through numerical simulations, we show that correlation among phenotypes can enhance the statistical power except for LPK-GEI, which simply combines statistics from single-phenotype GEI tests and ignores the phenotypic correlations. Among almost all considered scenarios, Het-GEI and PPK-GEI are more powerful than Hom-GEI and LPK-GEI. We apply Het-GEI and PPK-GEI in the genome-wide GEI analysis of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the UK Biobank. We analyze 18,101 genes and find thatLEUTXis associated with SBP and DBP (p = 2.20×10−6) through its interaction with hemoglobin. The single-phenotype GEI test and our multiphenotype GEI tests Het-GEI and PPK-GEI are also used to evaluate the gene–hemoglobin interactions for 22 genes that were previously reported to be associated with SBP or DBP in a meta-analysis of genetic main effects.MYO1Cshows nominal significance (p < 0.05) by the Het-GEI test.NOS3shows nominal significance in DBP andMYO1Cin both SBP and DBP by the single-phenotype GEI test.
A toolbox of engineered mosquito lines to study salivary gland biology and malaria transmission
Authors: Klug Dennis , Arnold Katharina , Mela-Lopez Raquel , Marois Eric , Blandin Stéphanie A.
Published: October 2022

Mosquito saliva is a vehicle for the transmission of vector borne pathogens such as Plasmodium parasites and different arboviruses. Despite the key role of the salivary glands in the process of disease transmission, knowledge of host-pathogen interactions taking place within this organ is very limited. To improve the experimental tractability of the salivary glands, we have generated fluorescent reporter lines in the African malaria mosquito Anopheles coluzzii using the salivary gland-specific promoters of the anopheline antiplatelet protein (AAPP), the triple functional domain protein (TRIO) and saglin (SAG) coding genes. Promoter activity was specifically observed in the distal-lateral lobes or in the median lobe of the salivary glands. Besides a comparison of the expression patterns of the selected promoters, the fluorescent probes allowed us to evaluate the inducibility of the selected promoters upon blood feeding and to measure intracellular redox changes. We also combined the aapp-DsRed fluorescent reporter line with a pigmentation-deficient yellow(-) mosquito mutant to assess the feasibility of in vivo microscopy of parasitized salivary glands. This combination allowed locating the salivary gland through the cuticle and imaging of individual sporozoites in vivo, which facilitates live imaging studies of salivary gland colonization by Plasmodium sporozoites.
Between presence and absence in Tuni Chatterji’s Okul Nodi
Authors: Basu Priyanka
Published: October 2022

This article examines the layers of vistas of landscape, archival audio, ambient sound and documentation of history and culture in Los Angeles–based filmmaker Tuni Chatterji’s experimental documentary filmOkul Nodi(Endless River) (2012). Chatterji’s film consists mainly of luminous shots of boatmen travelling along Bangladeshi rivers. During key sequences, recordings of Bangladeshi boatmen’s songs known asbhatiyaliare heard on the soundtrack. Interspersed among these shots and tracks are brief interview scenes with anthropologists and archivists of this musical form and musicians who perform or study the genre. This article shows how the film fuses experimental filmic approaches from artisanal to structural with documentary, ethnographic and archival modes, including that of ‘ecocinema’, highlighting questions of seeing and knowing. It also traces how the film obliquely brings to light a history of twentieth-century engagement with and archiving of this musical genre on the part of collectors of folk and Indigenous music, as well as radical subcontinental modern artists, thinkers and activists across Partition’s borders.
London’s Arts Labs and the 60s Avant-Garde, David Curtis (2020)
Authors: Hamlyn Nicky
Published: October 2022

Review of: London’s Arts Labs and the 60s Avant-Garde, David Curtis (2020)

Artists’ Film, David Curtis (2021)

New Barnet: John Libbey, 170 pp., ISBN 978-0-86196-748-3, p/bk, £24.99 eISBN 978-0-86196-979-1, e-book, £17.20

London: Thames and Hudson, 338 pp., ISBN 978-0-50020-473-3, p/bk, £16.99
Ectopic Vaginal Varices With Hemorrhage After Hysterectomy
Authors: Smith John K. , Gautam Manjushree , Wortley Phillip G. , Elsiesy Hussien , Gonzalez Stevan A.
Published: October 2022

Vaginal and uterine varices are well documented in pregnancy, although development of vaginal varices in patients with portal hypertension occurs in an exceptionally rare subset. Only 12 cases are reported in the literature; all but 3 of these cases involved patients with a history of hysterectomy, with 1 of the remaining 2 exhibiting partial obliteration of the uterine plexus due to radiation therapy for cervical cancer. We present a case of recurrent vaginal variceal bleeding in a patient with a history of hysterectomy, initially managed with vaginal tamponade and ultimately requiring definitive treatment with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion.
Indolent T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disease: A Rare Case of a Benign Lymphoma of the Gastrointestinal Tract With Extra-Gastrointestinal Involvement
Authors: David Robin , Mishra Kajali , Gilbert Emily R. , Mirza Kamran M. , Hendler Steven
Published: October 2022

Indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is an exceedingly rare benign proliferation of clonal and mature-appearing lymphoid cells originating from the GI tract. We discuss the case of a 52-year-old woman with indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disease of the GI tract manifesting as chronic diarrhea and profound weight loss. Interestingly, the patient also had extra-GI involvement of her disease process, which has not been previously reported. Our patient was managed with steroids with improvement in symptoms and weight gain. We provide a review of the literature to highlight the importance of early recognition and intervention of this disease entity.
Correlation Between the Phonological System of Mother’s Language and Multicultural Children’s Korean Pronunciation - Based on Vietnamese, Chinese and Korean Affricates Sounds -
Authors: Park Jiyoon
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the phonological system of mother’s language is correlated with the Korean pronunciation of multicultural children. An experimental acoustic analysis and interview were conducted on a total of 126 mothers and children from Vietnam and China living in Jeollabuk-do, and Korean mothers and children. The following results were derived through the measurements of F1, F2, and Closure Duration (CD) and examined the causes of difficulty in articulation through interview. The results of this study are as follows. The phonological systems of Vietnamese and Chinese were correlated with their children's Korean articulation. In addition, the reason why it is difficult to articulate the Korean affricates is significant in that it newly showed the back-forth tongue position, aspirates features, literacy. The findings suggest that the reason why mothers and children from Vietnam and China have difficulty pronouncing of Korean affricates is not because of the high-low tongue position, but because of back-forth tongue position.
Comparative Study of Structural and Mechanical Properties of as Deposited and Shock Wave Exposed NiW Nano Structured Thin Films
Authors: Nivetha G , Kannan R. , Selvambikai M , Vasantharaj C , Praveen Kumar B , Prem Kumar P. S , Sundararaj K
Published: October 2022

The current work describes the effect of shock wave exposure on electroplated NiW thin films. NiW thin films were deposited through electrodeposition process by varying the bath temperatures (35°C and 70°C) at constant current density of 1A/dm2. The deposited NiW thin films were exposed to shock waves with varying Mach numbers of 1.13 and 2.33 using an in-house shock wave tube facility. The as-deposited and shock wave-exposed NiW thin films were characterized by XRD, FESEM, EDS, and EIS to reveal its structural and mechanical properties. The XRD results disclose the stable cubic structural phase of as deposited and shock wave exposed NiW thin films with average crystallite size varying between 5 nm to 17nm. The elemental composition of as-deposited and shock-wave exposed films are similar as confirmed in the EDS analysis. This henceforth represents the stability of nanostructured NiW film in terms of compositional and structural aspect. Morphological analysis through FESEM shows that the exposed thin film is defect free due to the impact of shock waves. Furthermore, corrosion resistance is observed to enhance ten times in shock-wave exposed thin film than as-deposited thin film for higher mach number (Pressure ~63 bar). Similarly, corrosion resistance for low mach number (pressure ~13 bar) increases by three times of as deposited film according to the EIS analysis. Therefore, the structural, morphological and corrosion properties were enhanced upon surface treatment by shock wave exposure. NiW thin films with enhanced mechanical properties such as low corrosion rate, high corrosion resistance is used in various industrial applications like defense applications, aircraft, and marine applications.
Experimental Study on the Impact of Seasonal Sound Speed Variability on Signal Detection Range in Arabian Sea
Authors: Shani N X Elizabeth , R Nair Nimmi , Raju RP , R Sajeev
Published: October 2022

Temporal variability of Signal Detection Range (SDR) with respect to measured noise level and sound speed is examined. An N x 2D acoustic model which included bathymetric variations, was used to study detection ranges for an area in Arabian Sea. Azimuthal and seasonal SDR at octave bands within 500 Hz were determined at different receiver depths. Study shows that seasonal change in sound speed profile resulted in high SDR and noise level in winter at the location. Study also confirms the significant seasonal difference in detection range corresponds to the cut off frequency at 160 Hz. Detection range for a receiver at a depth 40 m is observed to be high across the azimuth and seasons of study.
Alternativas para tratar lodos originados en sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales: una revisión
Authors: Cárdenas Torrado Geraldine , Molina Pérez Francisco José
Published: October 2022

Contexto: La investigación han demostrado la eficiencia de diversos tratamientos para lodos. Sin embargo, se han presentado nuevas alternativas que ameritan una revisión actualizada. Es por ello que este trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar dicha actualización con respecto a técnicas convencionales y nuevas para tratar los lodos.
Método: Este artículo está basado en una revisión de documentos en diversas bases de datos, agrupando en primera instancia las alternativas convencionales y posteriormente las nuevas, constituidas ambas por alternativas de técnicas de espesamiento, estabilización y deshidratación de lodos, y analizándolas con base en criterios económicos, técnicos y ambientales.
Resultados: En este estudio se encontró que la ósmosis directa es una de las alternativas más prometedoras en el espesamiento de lodos, la oxidación de agua supercrítica y la pirólisis en la estabilización y la filtración al vacío en la deshidratación de dichos subproductos.
Conclusiones: Este artículo permitió la revisión actualizada de alternativas convencionales y nuevas para el tratamiento de lodos, observando que, tanto en el espesamiento como en la estabilización, las nuevas alternativas tienen eficiencias altas, mientras la filtración al vacío, una alternativa convencional, mejoró su rendimiento mediante el uso del floculante modificado, destacándose en la deshidratación de lodos. Es por ello que se requieren más investigaciones que mejoren los desafíos y rendimientos presentes e indaguen sobre la liberación al ambiente de contaminantes al utilizar los biosólidos.
Oportunidades de mejora para los procesos de recepción, fabricación y despacho de máquinas despulpadoras de café
Authors: Pérez-González Jairo Roberto , Cárdenas Cortés Xiomy Carolina , Ocampo-Arias Daniela , Ceballos Yony Fernando
Published: October 2022

Contexto: El café es una bebida popular que se obtiene de la semilla de un arbusto denominado cafeto, esta es molida y tostada para obtener el polvo que se utiliza para la elaboración de la bebida. Para su transformación es necesario emplear diferentes tipos de máquinas, lo cual es un nicho de mercado importante para la economía del país. Por lo tanto, se hace necesario identificar oportunidades de mejora en las actividades del proceso que comprende pedido, producción y despacho de las máquinas despulpadoras de café en una empresa colombiana.
Método: A partir del uso de simulación como herramienta, se procede a construir un modelo que represente apropiadamente la realidad de la empresa, iniciando por la delimitación del problema, siguiendo con la identificación de variables clave, la toma de muestras y su análisis estadístico, la construcción de la simulación con sus respectivos procesos de validación y verificación, y finalmente el análisis de resultados, y las posibilidades de aplicación en la empresa en conjunto con conclusiones del proceso.
Resultados: A partir de los escenarios construidos, se recomienda diseñar un área de despacho para acceder a la información de forma rápida y oportuna junto con el desarrollo de un software especializado que permita digitalizar órdenes y remisiones, adicionalmente la planeación de rutas de entrega de pedidos priorizados según las variables clave en el proceso. Con la implantación de las anteriores sugerencias, la cola de máquinas ensambladas y sin ser despachadas se redujo en un 51 % y los despachos de las máquinas despulpadoras de café incrementaron en un 49 % mejorando la satisfacción del cliente.
Conclusiones: La inversión necesaria para implementar el escenario de solución representa retornos a mediano plazo, lo cual, junto con la satisfacción del cliente, permite hacer competitiva a la empresa. Se propone hacer un estudio de la logística de despacho de los pedidos, dado que esta parte del problema se evidencia, pero no se puede resolver mediante simulación.
Sobre la determinación del umbral del rango del factor de intensidad de tensiones y los factores que lo afectan
Authors: Medina Bernal Kebin Alberto , Vanegas Useche Libardo Vicente
Published: October 2022

Contexto: El umbral del rango del factor de intensidad de tensiones (ΔKth) es un valor por debajo del cual la propagación de grietas de fatiga es insignificante. Este suele usarse para establecer la vida a fatiga de un elemento ingenieril. Sin embargo, su determinación, la forma en que diferentes factores influyen en su valor y su aplicación aún son temas de discusión. Método: Este trabajo discute sobre los métodos y criterios existentes para la determinación de ΔKth y los factores que lo afectan. Resultados: Los métodos experimentales estándar ASTM son los ensayos más usados. Sin embargo, estos pueden resultar inexactos, pues los ensayos de preagrietamiento a compresión pueden producir resultados conservativos. Recientemente se han propuesto muchos métodos analíticos y numéricos para determinar el umbral. Muchos factores y variables afectan el valor de ΔKth, tales como el cierre de grieta, la geometría, el tamaño de la grieta, las características de la carga, la microestructura, las propiedades del material, el ambiente, las tensiones residuales y las cargas de modo mixto. Conclusiones: El umbral puede determinarse mediante ensayos estándar ASTM o métodos teóricos o numéricos. Se ha avanzado mucho en este campo, pero se requiere más investigación para mejorar los métodos experimentales y obtener métodos analíticos o numéricos que capturen más integralmente las diferentes complejidades, factores y variables que afectan el umbral.
Flujo de potencia en redes de distribución eléctrica trifásicas no equilibradas utilizando Matlab: Teoría, análisis y simulación cuasi-dinámica
Authors: Garcés-Ruiz Alejandro
Published: October 2022

Contexto: El flujo de potencia es un problema clásico para la operación de redes de distribución de energía. Es un problema desafiante debido a la gran cantidad de nodos, la alta relación $r/x$ típica de las redes de baja tensión y la naturaleza desequilibrada de la carga.
Métodos: Este documento revisa cuatro métodos para el análisis de flujo de potencia, a saber: el método de Newton convencional, el método de Newton en un dominio complejo, el algoritmo de punto fijo que utiliza la representación de admitancia nodal ($Y_\text{bus$) y el algoritmo de barrido hacia atrás y hacia adelante. Se presenta la convergencia de estos métodos en teoría y práctica. Es bien sabido que el método de Newton tiene convergencia cuadrática, mientras que el algoritmo de barrido hacia atrás y adelante tiene convergencia lineal. Sin embargo, el análisis formal de esta tasa de convergencia es menos conocido en la literatura de ingeniería.
Resultados: se desarrolla una caja de herramientas de Matlab para realizar simulaciones numéricas tanto en el caso estático como en una simulación cuasi-dinámica usando el sistema de pruebe IEEE de 900 nodos. 
Conclusiones: Los algoritmos de punto fijo resultaron más rápidos.  No obstante, los algoritmos basados en Newton requirieron menor número de iteraciones.
ELECTRIC DRIVE SYSTEM OF PIPE ROLLING MILL PJSC “CHELYABINSK PIPE PLANT”
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Maksimov N.M. , Savosteenko N.V. , Kushnarev V.A. , Khryukin D.Yu.
Published: October 2022

The relevance of the presented work is to increase the speed in the operation of the pipe cold rolling mill for a possible in-crease in technical and economic indicators. In the pilot plant, it was decided to take the KhPT-450 machine (PJSC Chel-yabinsk Pipe Rolling Plant), the speed of which was increased to 30 % by switching on energy-efficient equipment. The analysis of cyclic automation showed that the operating time of the electric drive is about 30 %, which gives a positive technical and economic indicator. In view of this, it was decided to take a decision from the mechanical power circuit of the bevel gear, which in turn turned into a mechanical part of the system. However, reducing the gear ratio of the gearbox leads to a dynamic load on the motor shaft. The analysis of the work of the technological process with the help of the technique of synthesis of the power part of the electric drive is carried out. The method includes several stages of analysis: determination of the trajectory of motion parameters, electrical equipment, structure selection, as well as corrective connection parameters. This method allows you to give a complete reverse opera-tion of the electric drive. As a result, the speed, position, and torque control loop data is carefully correc¬ted. In the Agree-ment, a feasibility study was carried out from the introduction of the presented methodology. The indicators show that the positive effect is not only manifested in the speed of work by 80 %, but the economic effect is also growing in a positive way.
PROCESSES OF POLLUTION AND CLEANING OF TURBINE OIL IN LUBRICATION SYSTEMS OF STEAM TURBINES
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Osintcev K.V. , Pshenisnov N.A. , Pshenisnov A.I. ,   Limited Liability Company “EnergoService”, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Published: October 2022

The dependence of the parameters (cleanliness, contamination and purification) of the working fluid of the bearing lubrica-tion system and steam turbine control is obtained. Filters are intended to purify by removing solid contaminants that are harmful to the oil and the machine. If the filter is doing a good job, it is removing contaminants as fast as they are entering (ingression). This is known as mass balance. The number of particles coming into the oil system (particle ingression) equals the number being caught by the filter (particle removal); this achieves a stabilized and controlled oil cleanliness lev-el. The effect of air dispersed in oil on the operation of frame filters in steam turbine lubrication systems was analyzed. It has been established that when filtering aerated oil, soft particles (gas bubbles) increase the screening ratio of solid con-taminants by more than 4 times. Calculations show that air dispersed in oil increases the purity of the filtrate in the system by 21 times.
Influence of 4 weeks of downhill running on calcium sensitivity of rat single muscle fibers
Authors: Hubbard Emma F. , Hinks Avery , Mashouri Parastoo , Power Geoffrey A.
Published: October 2022

Improved Ca2+ sensitivity has been suggested as a mechanism behind enhancements in muscle mechanical function following eccentric training. However, little is known regarding the effects of eccentric training on single muscle fiber Ca2+ sensitivity. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (sacrificial age ~18 weeks; mass = 400.1 ± 34.8 g) were assigned to an eccentric training (n = 5) or sedentary control group (n = 6). Eccentric training consisted of 4 weeks of weighted downhill running 3×/week at a 15° decline and 16 m/min for 35 min per day in 5‐min bouts. After sacrifice, vastus intermedius single muscle fibers were dissected, chemically permeabilized, and stored until testing. Fibers (n = 63) were isolated, and standard Ca2+ sensitivity, force, rate of force redevelopment (ktr), and active instantaneous stiffness tests were performed using [Ca2+] ranging from 7.0 to 4.5. Following all mechanical testing, fiber type was determined using SDS‐PAGE. There was no difference in pCa50 (i.e., [Ca2+] needed to elicit half of maximal force) between groups or between fiber types. However, when comparing normalized force across pCa values, fibers from the control group produced greater forces than fibers from the trained group at lower Ca2+ concentrations (p < 0.05), and this was most evident for Type I fibers (p = 0.002). Type II fibers produced faster (p < 0.001) ktr than Type I fibers, but there were no differences in absolute force, normalized force, or other measures of mechanical function between fibers from the trained and control groups. These findings indicate that eccentric training does not appear to improve single muscle fiber Ca2+ sensitivity.
Sonodynamic therapy for breast cancer: A literature review
Authors: Zhou Hai-ying , Chen Yi , Li Ping , He Xiaoxin , Zhong Jieyu , Hu Zhengming , Liu Li , Chen Yun , Cui Guanghui , Sun Desheng , Zheng Tingting
Published: October 2022

Breast cancer (BC) is a malignant tumor with the highest incidence among women. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are currently used as the first-line methods for treating BC. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) in combination with sonosensitizers exerts a synergistic effect. The therapeutic effects of SDT depend on factors, such as the intensity, frequency, and duration of ultrasound, and the type and the biological model of sonosensitizer. Current reviews have focused on the possibility of using tumor-seeking sonosensitizers, sometimes in combination with different therapies, such as immunotherapy. This study elucidates the therapeutic mechanism of interaction between SDT and tissue as well as the current progress in medical applications of SDT to BC.
Impact of disease on a two-patch eco-epidemic model in presence of prey dispersal
Authors: Saha Sangeeta , Samanta Guruprasad
Published: October 2022

The present model is dealt with prey-predator interactions in two different patches where only prey species are allowed to disperse among the patches. Each of these two patches has different predator population but the predator in Patch-2 only is affected with a disease. The proposed model is biologically welldefined. Also, the feasibility of the equilibrium points and corresponding stability conditions are analysed. It is found that the disease among predator, even in one patch, makes an important role to control the whole system dynamics as it starts to oscillates by regulating the disease transmission rate. Moreover, the disease transmission rate has a stabilizing as well as destabilizing effect on the system dynamics. From the results, it is observed that a high dispersal rate decreases the count of infected predator in a patch in presence of prey dispersal. There is another interesting result: it is observed that the prey dispersal cannot destabilize the coexistence state, i.e., the system which is stable in absence of dispersal remains stable when the prey species disperse between two patches.
Regulation of Lysosomal Associated Membrane Protein 3 (LAMP3) in Lung Epithelial Cells by Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1/2) and Type I Interferon Signaling
Authors: Ramana Chilakamarti V. , Das Bikul
Published: October 2022

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a major risk factor for mortality and morbidity in critical care hospitals around the world. Lung epithelial type II cells play a major role in the recognition and clearance of respiratory viruses as well as repair of lung injury in response to environmental toxicants. Gene expression profiling studies revealed that mouse lung epithelial type II cells express several cell-specific markers including surfactant proteins and Lysosomal associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3) located in lysosomes, endosomes and lamellar bodies. These intracellular organelles are involved in vesicular transport and facilitate viral entry and release of the viral genome into the host cell cytoplasm. In this study, regulation of LAMP3 expression in human lung epithelial cells by several respiratory viruses and type I interferon signaling was investigated. Respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 significantly induced LAMP3 expression in lung epithelial cells within 24 hours after infection that required the presence of ACE2 viral entry receptors. Time course experiments revealed that the induced expression of LAMP3 was correlated with the induced expression of Interferon–beta (IFNB1) and STAT1 at mRNA levels. LAMP3 was also induced by direct IFN-beta treatment in multiple lung epithelial cell lines or by infection with influenza virus lacking the non-structural protein1(NS1) in NHBE bronchial epithelial cells. LAMP3 expression was also induced by several respiratory viruses in human lung epithelial cells including RSV and HPIV3. Location in lysosomes and endosomes aswell as induction by respiratory viruses and type I Interferon suggests that LAMP3 may have an important role in inter-organellar regulation of innate immunity and a potential target for therapeutic modulation in health and disease. Furthermore, bioinformatics revealed that a subset of lung type II genes were differentially regulated in the lungs of COVID-19 patients.
On the existence of global weak solutions of a 2D sediment transport model
Authors: Zongo Yacouba , Roamba Brahima , Yira Boulaye , De Dieu Zabsonré Jean
Published: October 2022

In the abstract, homogenize the references as follows: In this paper,we study the existence of global weak solutions of a two dimensionnal model. The model is inspired by the one studied in [Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. 19 (2009), 477-499]. Our model is a particular case of the two-dimensionnal sediment transport model derived in [Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis 51 (2017), 115-145]. The main contribution of this article is to extend the results obtained 10 in [C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris, 344 (2007), 443-446; Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. 19 (2009), 477-499] by showing the existence of global weak solution of a sediment transport model without assuming the data to be small enough, following the ideas proposed in [Inv. Math.206 (2016), 935-974].
Mean girls, queen bees and iron maidens? Female leadership and accusations of workplace bullying
Authors: Stolz Celina , Reinhard Marc-André , Ende Luise
Published: October 2022

We examined whether female leaders would be evaluated less favorably compared to male leaders regarding workplace bullying. Previous research has demonstrated that women violating prescriptive gender norms of communality experience backlash, and that female leaders are stereotyped of having a communality deficit. Building on that, we hypothesized (1) more moral outrage against and (2) more intentions to punish a female leader compared to a male leader. We further hypothesized (3) the accusations of workplace bullying against a female leader were going to be judged as more accurate than against a male leader. Further, defendants that stereotypically fit to the crime they are accused of were found to be judged guilty more often. So, we assumed, (4) a suspected bully that is a female leader was going to be judged as less credible, while (2) the suspected victim of a female leader bully was going to be judged as more credible compared to a male leader. Participants (N = 202) read a workplace bullying scenario with a female employee accusing either a female or a male leader of bullying. No effect of gender of suspected bully was found for moral outrage measures, punishment intention judgments, and credibility judgments. Contrary to our predictions, participants found the accusations against the male leader significantly more accurate than against the female leader. Gender and sex-role scores of participants were found to be linked to judgments. Implications for future research are discussed.