bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causal associations between osteoporosis and HBV infection across Asian and European populations: evidence from Mendelian randomization and colocalization analysis
Authors: Li Zhengnan , Cao Jiarui , Li Ke , Wu Yixin , Luo Zhanpeng , Cao Rui , Cheng Zhiheng , Tian Zhendong , Han Yiyang , Lai Yuping , Wang Bangqi , Chen Shen
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Clinical studies have demonstrated a potential association between chronic hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and osteoporosis. However, the causal relationship between HBV infection and osteoporosis remains to be determined.

Methods

We investigated whether HBV infection is causally associated with osteoporosis using Mendelian randomization (MR) in East Asian and European populations, respectively. The data we utilized were obtained from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) database. Various MR methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, simple median and simple mode were employed to estimate the association between HBV infection and osteoporosis. Heterogeneity analysis and sensitivity tests were performed to ensure the robustness of the results. Bayesian co-localization (coloc) analysis was also applied to calculate the posterior probability of causal variants and to identify common genetic variants between HBV infection and osteoporosis.

Results

MR analysis indicated that HBV infection increased the risk of osteoporosis onset in two East Asian cohort (IVW, OR = 1.058, 95% CI = 1.021 to 1.097, P = 0.002 and OR = 1.067, 95% CI = 1.029 to 1.106, P < 0.001). However, a clear effect of genetic susceptibility to HBV on the enhanced risk of osteoporosis was not observed in two European cohort (IVW, OR = 1.000, 95% CI = 0.999 to 1.001, P = 0.171 and OR = 1.003, 95% CI = 0.981 to 1.025, P = 0.780). Additional MR methods and sensitivity analyses further validated the reliability and robustness of our results. Bayesian co-localization analysis revealed co-localization of HBV infection and osteoporosis on STAT4 at rs11889341based on East Asian GWAS data.

Conclusions

Our study identified a causal relationship between HBV infection and osteoporosis in East Asian and European populations. These results provided strong evidence that HBV infection augmented the risk of developing osteoporosis in East Asian populations and provided novel therapeutic targets.
Sleep quality during pregnancy following assisted reproductive technology and natural conceiving: a prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Xie Yidong , Peng Ruoti , Xiao Li , Li Shangwei , Li Xiaohong
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To investigate the association of sleep quality during pregnancy on in vitro fertilization/intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) and natural conceiving (NC), as well as anxiety, depression, and perceived stress.

Methods

This prospective cohort study includes 500 infertile pregnant women undergoing IVF/ICSI and 678 NC women in a Sichuan birth cohort. Data on sleep, anxiety, depression, and stress was collected in the first trimester (T1), second trimester (T2), and third trimester (T3) using integrated questionnaires. Sleep quality is quantified by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) with a cut-point of 5 indicating poor sleep. The Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Center for Epidemiologic Study of Depression scale (CES-D), and the Perceived Stress scale (PSS) were used for assessing anxiety, depression, and perceived stress symptoms. Additionally, the matched husbands are surveyed. Multivariable logistic regression models with adjustments for influencing factors were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of sleep quality.

Results

In the IVF/ICSI group, 61.1%, 55.5%, and 66.5% of participants in T1, T2, and T3 reported poorer sleep quality compared to the NC group, which had 43.2%, 37.4%, and 46.4% throughout the same trimesters. Additionally, the IVF/ICSI group exhibited higher levels of negative psychological factors as measured by the CES-D and PSS during T1 and T2, showing statistical significance in T1 (P = 0.008, P < 0.001) and T2 (P = 0.038, P < 0.001), except at T3 (P = 0.107, P = 0.253). In addition to psychological factors and IVF/ICSI treatment, poor sleep quality was also associated with advanced age. However, there was no significant difference in sleep quality between the husbands of the IVF/ICSI and NC groups.

Conclusion

The study reveals that women receiving IVF/ICSI treatment are at a higher risk of experiencing sleep disturbances throughout their pregnancy compared with women with natural conception. While partners typically do not report major sleep problems, they do exhibit increased anxiety levels. These findings underscore the necessity for screening and addressing sleep issues in women pregnant through assisted IVF/ICSI treatment, to promote their well-being during this critical period.
Sirtuins in kidney homeostasis and disease: where are we now?
Authors: Fan Zhongyu , Wei Xuejiao , Zhu Xiaoyu , Du Yujun
Published: January 2025

Sirtuins, identified as (NAD+)- dependent class III histone deacetylases, engage in a spectrum of biological functions, encompassing DNA damage repair, oxidative stress, immune modulation, mitochondrial homeostasis, apoptosis and autophagy. Sirtuins play an apoptosis role in regulating cellular operations and overall organism health. Mounting data indicate that dysregulated sirtuin expression is linked to the onset of renal diseases. Effective modulation of sirtuins expression and activity has been shown to improve renal function and attenuate the advancement of kidney diseases. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the biological impacts of sirtuins and their molecular targets in regulating renal diseases. Additionally, we detail advancements in elucidating sirtuin roles in the pathophysiology of both chronic and acute renal disorders. We review compounds that modulate sirtuin activity through activation or inhibition, potentially improving outcomes in renal disease. In summary, strategic manipulation of sirtuin activity represents a prospective therapeutic approach for renal diseases.
The prognostic association of triglyceride-glucose index and its derived indicators with stable coronary artery disease patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Shan Yu , Lin Maoning , Gu Fangfang , Li Duanbin , Zhu Qiongjun , Chen Zhezhe , Zhang Wenbin , Fu Guosheng , Wang Min
Published: January 2025

Aims

Research on the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) remains relatively limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association of the TyG index and its derived indicators, including the baseline TyG index, the baseline triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), the mean TyG index, and the triglyceride glucose index-standard deviation (TyG-SD), with the prognosis of SCAD patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled 2,306 patients. The Cox proportional hazards model was utilized to evaluate the association between the four TyG indicators and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). The predictive ability of the four TyG indicators for MACCE was assessed using the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was employed to assess the prognostic differences among groups.

Results

After a median follow-up of 26.1 months, a total of 352 patients (15.3%) experienced MACCE. The Cox regression analysis revealed that under a fully adjusted model, when the four TyG indicators were stratified by tertiles, patients in the highest tertile of each TyG indicator had a significantly increased risk of MACCE compared to those in the lowest tertile. Specifically, the hazard ratio for baseline TyG index was 1.653 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.234-2.214), for baseline TyG-BMI was 2.467 (95%CI: 1.849-3.293), for mean TyG index was 2.451 (95%CI: 1.794-3.349), and for TyG-SD was 1.896 (95%CI: 1.430-2.513). Time-dependent ROC curve demonstrated that the mean TyG index had the strongest predictive ability for MACCE at each follow-up time point. The Kaplan-Meier analysis results showed that when the four TyG indicators were grouped by tertiles, there were significant differences in the cumulative incidence of MACCE among the three groups for each indicator (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Higher levels of the TyG index and its derived indicators were each independently and positively associated with the risk of MACCE in SCAD patients undergoing PCI. Among these indicators, the mean TyG index demonstrated the greatest predictive value for the risk of MACCE at each follow-up time point. Consequently, tracking the long-term trends of the TyG index may be prioritized in clinical practice.
Research progress on the mechanism and markers of metabolic disorders in the occurrence and development of cognitive dysfunction after ischemic stroke
Authors: Li Huaqiang , Ke Xiaohua , Feng Bianying , Tian Huan , Cai Zhenzhen , Zhang Anren , Man Qiuhong
Published: January 2025

Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common complication following a stroke that significantly affects patients’ quality of life and rehabilitation outcomes. It also imposes a heavy economic burden. There is an urgent need to better understand the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of PSCI, as well as to identify markers that can predict PSCI early in the clinical stage, facilitating early prevention, monitoring, and treatment. Although the mechanisms underlying PSCI are complex and multifaceted, involving factors such as atherosclerosis and neuroinflammation, metabolic disorders also play a critical role. This article primarily reviews the relationship between metabolic disorders of the three major nutrients—sugar, fat, and protein—and the development of cognitive dysfunction following ischemic stroke (IS). It aims to elucidate how these metabolic disturbances contribute to cognitive dysfunction post-stroke and to explore potential metabolic biomarkers for PSCI. We believe that this review will offer new insights into the early identification, treatment, and prognostic assessment of PSCI.
Redefining bladder cancer treatment: innovations in overcoming drug resistance and immune evasion
Authors: Huang Peng , Wang Jie , Yu Zongze , Lu Jiaan , Sun Zhou , Chen Zhigui
Published: January 2025

Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary system and has always presented great challenges in treatment due to its intricate biological features and high recurrence rates. Although great developments were achieved in immunotherapy and targeted therapies within the last decade, therapeutic outcomes for a great number of patients remain unsatisfactory, particularly as to long-term efficacy. Review discusses the molecular mechanisms developed during the process of bladder cancer progression: genetic and epigenetic alterations, dynamics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and dysregulation and abnormal activation of various signaling pathways—all contributing to therapeutic resistance. It is genetic mutation, especially in both low- and high-grade tumors, that, alongside epigenetic modifications, plays a considerable role in tumor aggressiveness and drug resistance. TME, comprising cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immunosuppressive cells, and different components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), orchestrates a setting that fosters tumor growth and immune evasion and confers resistance on any therapeutic regime that might be used. The review also provides an overview of PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways in the progression of bladder cancer and the development of targeted therapies against them. Further, it discusses the challenges and mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy, including those involving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Other promising approaches include the development of new therapeutic strategies that target not only the signaling pathways but also immune checkpoints in combination therapies. This review aims to contribute to the elaboration of more effective and personalized treatment strategies by fully understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in bladder cancer.
Government and farmer responses to the fall armyworm outbreak in mainland Southeast Asia
Authors: Kusano Eiichi , Poapongsakorn Nipon , Jantarasiri Urairat , Pantakua Kamphol , Tran Cuong H. , Khin Akari Tar  , Kong Thong , Phimphachanhvongsod Viengsavanh V. , Kobori Youichi
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Native to the Americas and highly polyphagous, the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has garnered attention for causing significant damage, primarily to maize.

Methods

This study synthesizes FAW emergence, government responses, and farmer reactions in mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA), and assesses the feasibility of government-recommended measures in terms of efficacy and cost-efficiency.

Results

From late 2018 to the rainy season of 2019, FAW infestations extensively emerged in MSEA maize fields. MSEA governments promptly issued strategies and guidelines through plant protection divisions/departments, which involved international organizations, foreign governments, and private web portals. Alongside the foliar application of emamectin benzoate (EMB), which is the most frequently mentioned method, MSEA governments advocated for integrated pest management (IPM)-oriented approaches. These include application methods of chemical insecticides, use of host plant resistance, biological control, cultural and interference methods, and local measures aimed at reducing chemical usage. Despite comprehensive recommendations, maize farmers primarily rely on EMB foliar treatment for FAW control.

Discussion

We highlight the need for further research and dissemination regarding the widely accepted foliar application of chemical insecticides, specifically in relation to human safety, improvements in application technology, and clear guidelines for large-scale outbreaks. On the other hand, the concentrative foliar application of chemical insecticides raises concerns about resistance evolution. Alternatives to foliar treatment with chemical insecticides, mainly EMB, such as seed treatment with diamides and neonicotinoids, genetically modified maize seeds approved only in Vietnam, and biological control, have demonstrated efficacy. Seed treatment provides cost and labor benefits for early-stage FAW infestation prevention. Validation of natural enemy rearing costs may prove advantageous as preliminary estimates suggest they could be relatively low. Not all strategies recommended by the government or widely discussed are necessarily relevant at farm-level. This study provides the following suggestions for the proposal of more acceptable strategies. 1) Studying the actual responses of governments and farmers with special emphasis on cost efficiency; 2) Making alternatives to EMB foliar application more cost-effective inclusive of the cost of labor; and finally, 3) Verifying the effectiveness of the alternative techniques.
Physical drivers of bio-optical properties in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area during the winter dry season
Authors: Xu Wenlong , Hu Shuibo , Hayward Alex , Wang Zuomin , Liu Shuaiwei
Published: January 2025

Understanding the variability of bio-optical properties in coastal seas is essential to assessing the impact of natural and anthropogenic activities on the quality of the coastal environments and their resources. This study investigated the vertical distribution of bio-optical properties and their potential driving forces in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) using a bio-optical dataset collected during the winter dry season. The hydrographic and biogeochemical properties observed across the GBA exhibited significant spatial variability, allowing the classification of the waters into three distinct regions: estuarine diluted water (EDW), Guangdong coastal current water (GCCW), and dense shelf water (DSW). Our findings show that EDW exhibited beam attenuation and optical backscatter coefficients an order of magnitude greater compared to the other two regions, which was attributed to factors such as higher concentrations of suspended particulate matter and organic material from estuarine sources. In contrast, the GCCW was characterized by lower salinity, temperature, and suspended particulate matter and displayed reduced turbidity near the coast, whereas nutrient-rich GCCW waters transported to the mid-shelf region supported increased phytoplankton biomass and a greater abundance of micro-phytoplankton. By exploring the bio-optical characteristics and their underlying processes in the GBA, this study enhances our understanding of the complex dynamics shaping the optical properties of coastal waters in this heavily urbanized region.
Experimental and discrete element method study on the mechanical properties of hole-fracture sandstone
Authors: Lou Peijie , Sun Lichen , Pan Cheng , Ji Penghui , Liu Huan
Published: January 2025

To explore the interaction between holes and fractures in defective white sandstone, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on samples with varying horizontal distances between holes and fractures. The technique known as Digital Image Correlation (DIC) was employed to analyze the deformation patterns, while CT scanning technology was implemented to elucidate the interior crack propagation features. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations were performed to investigate the micro-scale fracture evolution. The findings demonstrate that load-bearing capacity and deformation resistance decreased as the horizontal hole-fracture distance increased. The failure mode transitioned from a mixed tensile-shear failure to a more rapid tensile failure. Tensile wing fractures caused by tensile failure reinforced the merging of rock bridges. Furthermore, the trajectories of fracture propagated from the outside to the inside of the rocks progressively simplify, resulting in accelerated instability and collapse. DEM simulations indicate that the augmentation of horizontal distance between holes and fractures influenced the displacement field and the orientation of micro-fractures inside the samples. The formation of micro-fractures progressively adhered to a “clusteringexpansion-coalescence” sequence along the paths of the hole-fracture structures. The maximum strength of the samples declined in a three-phase pattern: gradual decline, steep decline, and gradual decline. These findings provide valuable insights for engineering applications, such as tunnel excavation and mining operations.
Padlet: a tool for fostering collaborative learning and feedback literacy in dental education
Authors: Rath Avita
Published: January 2025

Background

While health professions education has embraced collaborative and co-creative learning approaches, the integration of digital technologies into feedback practices remains limited, especially in undergraduate dental education. This study investigated the impact of Padlet, a digital pinboard, on collaborative learning and feedback literacy among undergraduate dental students during a formative assessment activity guided by Nicol and MacFarlane's feedback principles.

Methods

A convenience sample of 39 Year 3 dental students (25 women and 14 men, mean age = 22) enrolled in a Bachelor of Dental Surgery program at a private dental school in Malaysia participated in a week-long Padlet-based peer feedback activity focused on periodontics. Thematic analysis was conducted on student interactions and reflections collected from Padlet posts and individual student reflections.

Results

The study yielded promising outcomes. Padlet's asynchronous and anonymous nature fostered in-depth discussions, broader participation, and constructive feedback. Students reported a boost in confidence, increased engagement, and a sense of camaraderie. Thematic analysis revealed the successful application of Nicol and MacFarlane's feedback principles, including clarifying expectations, promoting self-assessment, facilitating teacher–student dialogue, and encouraging reflection and action.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that Padlet, with its unique features, offers a valuable tool for educators seeking to foster collaborative learning and feedback literacy in dental education. Padlet's affordances can significantly enhance collaborative learning and feedback literacy, promoting a trusting environment for student-centered learning and self-regulation in dental education. The study's findings suggest that Padlet can foster cognitive flexibility, allowing students to consider multiple perspectives and adapt their thinking. The platform's asynchronous nature and anonymity feature appeared to contribute to a sense of community and psychological safety, fostering trust among students. The findings of this study have practical implications for educators seeking to implement effective feedback practices and leverage technology to create engaging learning experiences that foster trust, collaboration, and, ultimately, student success.
Bibliometric analysis of pyroptosis in pathogenesis and treatment of acute lung injury
Authors: Wang Chun , Liu Na
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to assess the present state, thematic focus, and emerging developments in the research literature on the involvement of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of acute lung injury (PFALI), as well as other pertinent research areas.

Methods

This bibliometric study examined PFALI research published from 1 January 2004 to 24 May 2024, utilizing the Web of Science database. The analysis was conducted using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, R, and GraphPad Prism 8.0, and encompassed metadata on the countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords represented in the literature.

Results

This study analyzed 1,495 publications, comprising 1,194 articles and 301 reviews, to assess the publication output on PFALI. China exhibited the highest output with 964 (64.48%) articles. Central South University was the most prolific institution, contributing 54 (3.61%) publications. Zhou, Yong had the greatest individual publication record, with 15 (3.59%) articles. The journal International Immunopharmacology published the most PFALI-related articles at 76 (5.09%). The identified research frontiers for upcoming years include “iron,” “sirt1,” “repair,” and “alveolar macrophage pyroptosis.”

Conclusion

This bibliometric analysis comprehensively examined research trends and advancements related to PFALI, including the contributions of key authors, institutions, and countries.
Combination of metagenomic next-generation sequencing and morphology for identifying Coccidioides immitis: a case report
Authors: Liu Hong , Zhou Kaixin , Zhong Chaoran , Guan Ming
Published: January 2025

Coccidioidomycosis is a systemic infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Coccidioides spp., endemic to the Southwestern United States and Central and South America. In this article, we report a case of Coccidioides immitis-induced meningitis in a 27-year-old man who was experiencing recurrent fever and headache. His cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemical markers indicated an infection in the central nervous system. However, repeated routine cultures of the CSF for bacterial detection were all negative. Only metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) detected low reads of C. immitis. To verify the mNGS results, the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory in Huashan Hospital optimized its culture conditions. Ultimately, 12 days after sampling, the fungal bottle containing the cerebrospinal fluid tested positive. Furthermore, the diagnosis of C. immitis was then confirmed by smear staining combined with morphological characteristics of the colony, which provided an important etiological basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. As coccidioidomycosis is a rare disease in China, its pathogen-specific diagnostic methods are limited. In this case, we combined two universal methods, mNGS and traditional morphological observation, to confirm the diagnosis. This combined strategy is critical for quick and accurate diagnosis.
Female genital tuberculosis presenting as a protruding anterior vaginal wall mass: a case report
Authors: Bicha Mequanint Melesse , Kebede Tewodros Zenabu , Arefeaynie Ayalew Lingerih , Meressa Eden Woldegerima
Published: January 2025

Although pulmonary tuberculosis is a common infectious disease, especially in low-and middle-income countries, female genital tract tuberculosis (TB) is rarely reported. Female genital TB might be asymptomatic or manifest clinically in an unusual way, making an early diagnosis challenging. The most often affected regions of the genital system are the fallopian tubes and endometrium. Menstrual abnormalities, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain are frequent presenting symptoms. Rare reports of vulvar and vaginal TB exist. This case report features a 35-year-old woman who had a bulging tumor in her vagina for a year before being identified with anterior vaginal wall TB, treated with anti-tuberculosis medication, and made improvements.
Clonorchis sinensis and Echinostoma hortense detected by endoscopy and molecular characterization: two case reports and update on diagnosis
Authors: Wen Lijia , Wang Benhe , Zhang Hui
Published: January 2025

Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) and Echinostoma hortense (E. Hortense) infections represent significant food-borne zoonotic parasitic diseases. C. sinensis stands as the primary parasite underlying cholangitis, cholelithiasis, and even cholangiocarcinoma, whereas E. Hortense parasitizes the duodenum. Unfortunately, the non-specific clinical presentations of these two trematodes frequently mislead clinicians, resulting in overlooks or misdiagnoses, and consequently, inadequate treatment. We diagnosed digestive system trematodes through endoscopic observation and molecular methods. Herein, we present a case where C. sinensis was definitively diagnosed through direct observation under duodenoscopy. For the first time, we captured the entire migratory process of the parasite from the common bile duct into the intestinal lumen. In another case, multiple active trematodes were detected on the duodenal wall under duodenoscopy, subsequently extracted using endoscopic forceps. Based on the morphology of the worms and their eggs, an initial diagnosis of Echinostoma was made. To confirm the species, we designed primers targeting the ribosomal ITS (internal transcribed spacer) and mitochondrial COX-1 (cyclooxygenase-1) genes, followed by PCR amplification and sequencing. The results conclusively matched the sequence of E. Hortense, verifying our final diagnosis. Our proposed approach, integrating endoscopy with molecular characteristics, offers novel strategies for diagnosing trematode infections. This methodology represents a significant advancement in the field, enhancing the accuracy and timeliness of treatment interventions.
Systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence and risk factors of oral frailty among older adults
Authors: Huang Pingping , Wu Linjing , Zhang Rongxiang , Chen Shiqi , Zhang Yu , Chen Yuan
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The present study aim to systematically review the prevalence and influencing factors of oral frailty in older people.

Methods

A search strategy was developed and implemented to systematically review literature across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE (via EBSCOhost), CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), Wanfang Data, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), and Weipu Database (VIP), in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Our search encompassed studies published up to June 28, 2024, that investigated the prevalence or risk factors of oral frailty among older adults. Literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were independently performed by two researchers, followed by data analysis using Stata 17 software. This study has been registered with PROSPERO.

Results

A total of 35 studies involving 202,864 participants were analyzed. The overall prevalence of oral frailty among older adults was 34.0% (95% CI: 27.9–40.1%, I2 = 99.7%, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed statistically significant differences in the prevalence of oral frailty among different assessment tools and age groups (p < 0.05). Univariate meta-regression analysis indicated that the age was related to heterogeneity in the study (p < 0.05). Factors such as age, gender, physical frailty, pre-frailty, and unattached were identified as key risk factors for oral frailty in older adults (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The incidence of oral frailty among older adults is notably high and influenced by a variety of factors. Healthcare professionals are encouraged to actively implement preventive and treatment measures addressing the controllable factors associated with oral frailty. Such proactive efforts are essential for early identification of high-risk individuals, which can help reduce the prevalence of oral frailty among older adults and enhance their quality of life.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO (CRD42023488653: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).
Intravenous thrombolysis prevents neurological deterioration in patients with acute pontine infarction
Authors: Chai Zhenxiao , Chen Weili , Ye Yichan , Song Mengwan , Lin Lingling , Lin Dongdong , Huang Xuerong , Chi Lifen , Huang Ruyue
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Neurological deterioration (ND) is common after acute isolated pontine infarction, and no evidence-based treatment is available to prevent this. We determined whether intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with tissue plasminogen activator soon after pontine infarction prevents ND.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled consecutive patients admitted to our hospital within 4.5 h after the onset of isolated pontine infarction identified using diffusion-weighted imaging. Patients were divided into the IVT and non-IVT groups. ND was defined as any ≥2-point increase in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score between the maximal and initial neurological deficits during hospitalization. Patients' clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and outcomes were analyzed to determine the efficacy and safety of IVT.

Results

Of 211 study patients (median age, 67 years [interquartile range, 57–75 years]; 132 [62.6%] men), 74 received IVT; 137 patients did not receive IVT, but accepted other antithrombotic therapies, including antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs. The NIHSS score on admission was higher in the IVT group than in the non-IVT group (7 vs. 4, P = 0.000), but that at discharge was similar in both groups (4 vs. 5, P = 0.975). ND occurred in 17 (23.0%) and 51 (37.2%) patients in the IVT and non-IVT groups, respectively (P = 0.044). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified IVT (odds ratio, 1.509; 95% confidence interval, 1.250–3.034) as an independent factor for preventing ND. The incidence of intracranial hemorrhagic transformation (P = 0.351) and major visceral organ hemorrhage (P = 0.122) was similar in both groups.

Conclusions

IVT may prevent early ND after acute pontine infarction without increasing intracranial hemorrhagic transformation, possibly by decreasing the total thrombotic burden.
A new score for predicting intracranial hemorrhage in patients using anticoagulant drugs
Authors: Ma Fuxin , Zeng Zhiwei , Chen Jiana , Guan Chengfu , Xu Wenlin , Wang Chunhua , Zhang Jinhua
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The use of anticoagulants in patients increases the risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Our aim was to identify factors associated with cerebral hemorrhage in patients using anticoagulants and to develop a predictive model that would provide an effective tool for the clinical assessment of cerebral hemorrhage.

Methods

In our study, indications for patients receiving anticoagulation included AF, VTE, stroke/TIA, arteriosclerosis, peripheral vascular diseases (PVD), prosthetic mechanical valve replacement, etc. Data were obtained from the patient record hospitalization system. Logistic regression, area under the curve (AUC), and bar graphs were used to build predictive models in the development cohort. The models were internally validated, analytically characterized, and calibrated using AUC, calibration curves, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test.

Results

This single-center retrospective study included 617 patients treated with anticoagulants. Multifactorial analysis showed that male, leukoaraiosis, high risk of falls, APTT ≥ 45.4 s, and FIB ≥ 4.2 g/L were independent risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage, and β-blockers were protective factors. The model was constructed using these six factors with an AUC value of 0.883. In the validation cohort, the model had good discriminatory power (AUC = 0.801) and calibration power. Five-fold cross-validation showed Kappa of 0.483.

Conclusion

Predictive models based on a patient’s medical record hospitalization system can be used to identify patients at risk for cerebral hemorrhage. Identifying people at risk can provide proactive interventions for patients.
Association between novel anthropometric indices and overactive bladder: a population-based study
Authors: Liu Heng , Dong Huqiang , Jin Mingchu , Zhou Yu , Hao Haidong , Yuan Yutang , Jia Hongtao , He Min
Published: January 2025

Background

Abdominal obesity is recognized as a key risk factor for developing OAB. However, traditional measures of obesity, such as the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI), may not sufficiently capture fat distribution in the body. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between novel anthropometric indices and OAB, providing a more accurate assessment of obesity-related risk factors.

Methods

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2007 to 2018 were utilized, comprising 27,560 participants. To assess the association and discriminative ability of novel anthropometric indices, including the Body Roundness Index (BRI), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Waist-to-Weight Index (WWI), and Relative Fat Mass (RFM), with OAB, we employed multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, subgroup analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve methods.

Results

Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that higher levels of novel anthropometric indices were positively associated with OAB prevalence. One z-score increase in WWI, BRI, RFM, and ABSI was associated with a 16, 31, 57, and 5% higher likelihood of OAB, respectively. RCS analysis revealed a non-linear relationship between RFM and OAB. ROC analysis indicated that WWI (AUC = 0.680) and RFM (AUC = 0.661) provided better diagnostic accuracy than traditional measures such as BMI (AUC = 0.599). Subgroup analyses supported the robustness of these findings.

Conclusion

Novel anthropometric indices were positively associated with OAB prevalence. WWI and RFM demonstrated significantly better diagnostic value for OAB than BMI and WHtR. Future studies should investigate the potential of combining multiple anthropometric indices to improve predictive accuracy and conduct prospective studies to determine causality.
The association between dietary sodium density and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in US adults
Authors: An Peilin , Wang Silin , Liu Lingyun , Li Xuelin , Lv Xin
Published: January 2025

Background

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune thyroid disease characterized by the presence of antibodies against thyroid-specific antigens. Dietary sodium intake has been implicated in the development of several autoimmune diseases, but its association with HT remains unclear.

Methods

This study investigates the relationship between dietary sodium density (the ratio of sodium to energy intake) and HT using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2012. A cross-sectional study was conducted using NHANES data, focusing on adults aged 20 years and older with available dietary and thyroid profile data. Sodium density was calculated from two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations of sodium density with HT, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were performed to explore non-linear relationships.

Results

A total of 6,258 participants were included, with 576 (9.20%) diagnosed with HT. An additional unit of dietary sodium density was associated with a 24% increased risk of HT (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01–1.50) in adjusted model. A breakpoint at 2.43 mg/kcal in dietary sodium density was identified using a piecewise regression model. Below this threshold, HT risk increased with rising sodium density, while above it, the risk plateaued. Higher sodium density was also associated with increased TPOAb positivity (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.05–1.56), but not TgAb positivity.

Conclusion

Elevated dietary sodium density is associated with an increased risk of HT and TPOAb positivity, suggesting that sodium intake may play a role in the pathogenesis of HT.
Physicochemical properties of Alisma starch
Authors: Han Fenxia , Wang Yongqiang , Zhang Hao , Zhang Sheng
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Alisma starch (AS) from Alismatis Rhizoma has potential applications but has been less studied compared to common starches like corn starch (CS) and potato starch (PS).

Methods

We used scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and rapid visco analysis to study the granule morphology, crystal structure, pasting properties, freeze -thaw stability, solubility, swelling degree, and gel strength of AS, CS, and PS.

Results

AS has a lower starch content but higher amylose content than CS and PS. It has a smaller particle size and is A-type starch. Its pasting temperature and trough viscosity are higher, and its freeze -thaw stability is intermediate. Gel strength increases with concentration and shows no significant difference between 10% AS and 12% PS.

Discussion

AS has good heat resistance, shear resistance, and gel strength, indicating potential for high-temperature processed foods. Future research should focus on its heat resistance mechanism and broader applications.
Trends and determinants of exclusive and predominant breastfeeding practices for two decades (2000–2019) in Ethiopia
Authors: Hassen Hailemariam Mamo
Published: January 2025

Background

Ethiopia has had a long-standing national commitment to improving child health. However, evidence on trends in breastfeeding has remained fragmented, and there is a paucity of information on the impacts of breastfeeding policy on breast feeding practices and associated factors influencing it. This study examined trends and determinants of exclusive and predominant breastfeeding in the last two decades.

Methods

The study employed a retrospective observational design using Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS2000-2019) dataset for children aged <6 months and their mothers. Data analyses were performed via SPSS version 25. Trend analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used.

Results

Exclusive and predominant breastfeeding practices have fluctuated inconsistently over the past two decades. Exclusive breastfeeding increased from 59.96% in 2000 to 66.01% in 2016 and then decreased to 59.86% in 2019. Predominant breastfeeding decreased from 40.04% in 2000 to 32.95% in 2016 and increased to 39.43% in 2019. Regional state, place of residence, and religion were significantly (p < 0.001) associated with the likelihood of practicing exclusive or predominant breastfeeding.

Conclusion

These inconsistent trends and the complex interplay of various factors suggest the limited success of previous policies and strategies and highlight the need for further investigation and revisiting current policies for a more nuanced and targeted approach in future interventions.
Association between the dietary index for gut microbiota and diabetes: the mediating role of phenotypic age and body mass index
Authors: Huang Yingxuan , Liu Xiaobo , Lin Chanchan , Chen Xinqi , Li Yingyi , Huang Yisen , Wang Yubin , Liu Xiaoqiang
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The global prevalence of diabetes is continuously rising, and the gut microbiota is closely associated with it. The Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) assesses the impact of diet on the microbiota, but its association with diabetes risk remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between DI-GM and the risk of diabetes and analyze the mediating roles of phenotypic age and body mass index (BMI).

Methods

Utilizing data from the National Health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 1999–2018, we included 17,444 adults aged 20 years and older. DI-GM (score range: 0–13) was calculated based on dietary recall. Diabetes was diagnosed based on laboratory results and self-reported information. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association between DI-GM and diabetes, adjusting for relevant covariates. Mediation analysis evaluated the roles of phenotypic age and BMI.

Results

After adjusting for confounders, higher DI-GM scores were significantly associated with a lower risk of diabetes (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.90–0.96, p < 0.001). Compared to the group with DI-GM scores of 0–3, those with scores of 5 (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.67–0.86) and ≥ 6 (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.68–0.88) had significantly reduced diabetes risk. Phenotypic age and BMI accounted for 41.02 and 25.57% of the association between DI-GM and diabetes, respectively.

Conclusion

Higher DI-GM scores are associated with a lower risk of diabetes, partially mediated through reduced phenotypic age and BMI.
Brigatinib treatment in a patient with advanced NSCLC with XPO1-ALK fusion: a case report
Authors: Zhang Yang , Li Ke-jie , Wang Can , Zou Chang-lin , Su Meng
Published: January 2025

Patients with ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are treated with ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK TKIs) have better prognoses. In this case report, we provide evidence of a novel ALK fusion, XPO1-ALK (intergenic), identified by next-generation DNA sequencing in a patient with advanced lung cancer. After 5 months of brigatinib targeted therapy, the patient clearly experienced tumor disintegration, and this treatment resulted in partial remission. To date, this patient has experienced 5 months of progression-free survival after brigatinib treatment. In addition to reporting the identification of a novel ALK fusion, XPO1-ALK (intergenic), and the sensitivity and safety of brigatinib treatment for lung cancer, this study increased the list of known ALK fusion partners in ALK-positive NSCLC. This case report has a significant clinical reference.
Changes in gut microbiota after gastric cancer surgery: a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: He Yuhua , Gao Shilin , Jiang Lili , Yang Jie
Published: January 2025

Background

This study was designed to characterize gut microbiota changes of the patients with gastric cancer before and after the gastrectomy during their hospital staying periods.

Methods

16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing was used to evaluate differences in gut microbiota among patients with gastric cancer before and after the gastrectomy by comparing gut microbiota α diversity, β diversity, and structure composition at different taxonomic levels.

Results

A total of 120 fecal specimens were collected from 60 patients. There was no significant difference in Chao1 index, Shannon index, and Simpson index before and after gastrectomy (all P > 0.05). At the phylum level, the gut microbiota in the gastrectomy group showed less abundance of Bacteroidota, Synergistota, and Verrucomicrobiota but with higher abundance of Campylobacter, Actinobacteria, and Bacillota. At the genus level, the gut microbiota in the gastrectomy group showed less abundance of flora Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Blautia, and Lachnospiraceae nk4a136 group but with higher abundance of Campylobacter, Porphyromona, Finegordia, Dialist, Anaerococcus, and Corynebacterium.

Conclusions

There was no significant change in the diversity of intestinal flora before and after surgery. However, significant changes in the structure of intestinal flora before and after surgery were occurred.
Pirfenidone regulates seizures through the HMGB1/TLR4 axis to improve cognitive functions and modulate oxidative stress and neurotransmitters in PTZ-induced kindling in mice
Authors: Dahalia Mansi , Gupta Sparsh , Majid Haya , Vohora Divya , Nidhi
Published: January 2025

Background

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Pirfenidone, an antifibrotic drug, has shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in various disease models, including neurological conditions. However, its potential anticonvulsant effects have not been thoroughly explored. This study aims to evaluate the anticonvulsant potential of pirfenidone in a pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling model of epilepsy, focusing on its effect on seizure activity, cognition, antioxidant profiles, inflammatory markers, neurotransmitter balance, liver enzyme levels, and histopathological changes.

Methods

Healthy male Swiss albino mice were subjected to an acute Increasing Current Electroshock test and chronic pentylenetetrazol-kindling model. Pirfenidone was administered at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg, orally, with sodium valproate as a standard drug. Seizure severity and cognitive function were assessed in the pentylenetetrazol-kindling model, along with biochemical assays that evaluated antioxidant enzymes, inflammatory markers, neurotransmitter levels, and liver enzyme levels. Histopathological changes were also assessed in the hippocampus and cortex of experimental mice.

Results

Pirfenidone at 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg significantly increased Seizure Threshold Current in the Increasing Current Electroshock test, indicating a protective effect against seizures. In the pentylenetetrazol-kindling model, pirfenidone delayed seizure onset and reduced severity, with the 300 mg/kg dose showing the strongest impact. Pirfenidone also demonstrated significant improvements in cognitive function, as evidenced by enhanced performance in passive avoidance and elevated plus maze tests. Antioxidant profiles showed increased levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione, with a corresponding reduction in malondialdehyde and acetylcholinesterase levels. Pirfenidone significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, transforming growth factor-β, tumor necrosis factor- α, high-mobility group box-1, and toll-like receptor-4, elevated gamma-aminobutyric acid, decreased glutamate levels, modulated aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels. Histopathological analysis revealed that pirfenidone ameliorated cellular disintegration and neuronal damage in the hippocampus and cortex.

Conclusion

Pirfenidone shows potential as an anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective agent, with additional benefits in improving cognition and oxidative stress profiles in epilepsy treatment. Further studies are required to explore its long-term safety and efficacy.