bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion surgery for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a biomechanical study
Authors: Kong Qing-Jie , Sun Xiao-Fei , Wang Yuan , Sun Pei-Dong , Sun Jing-Chuan , Ouyang Jun , Zhong Shi-Zhen , Shi Jian-Gang
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

The traditional anterior approach for multilevel severe cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is demanding and risky. Recently, a novel surgical procedure—anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF)—was introduced by the authors to deal with these problems and achieve better clinical outcomes. However, to the authors’ knowledge, the immediate and long-term biomechanical stability obtained after this procedure has never been evaluated. Therefore, the authors compared the postoperative biomechanical stability of ACAF with those of more traditional approaches: anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF).

METHODS

To determine and assess pre- and postsurgical range of motion (ROM) (2 Nm torque) in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation in the cervical spine, the authors collected cervical areas (C1–T1) from 18 cadaveric spines. The cyclic fatigue loading test was set up with a 3-Nm cycled load (2 Hz, 3000 cycles). All samples used in this study were randomly divided into three groups according to surgical procedures: ACDF, ACAF, and ACCF. The spines were tested under the following conditions: 1) intact state flexibility test; 2) postoperative model (ACDF, ACAF, ACCF) flexibility test; 3) cyclic loading (n = 3000); and 4) fatigue model flexibility test.

RESULTS

After operations were performed on the cadaveric spines, the segmental and total postoperative ROM values in all directions showed significant reductions for all groups. Then, the ROMs tended to increase during the fatigue test. No significant crossover effect was detected between evaluation time and operation method. Therefore, segmental and total ROM change trends were parallel among the three groups. However, the postoperative and fatigue ROMs in the ACCF group tended to be larger in all directions. No significant differences between these ROMs were detected in the ACDF and ACAF groups.

CONCLUSIONS

This in vitro biomechanical study demonstrated that the biomechanical stability levels for ACAF and ACDF were similar and were both significantly greater than that of ACCF. The clinical superiority of ACAF combined with our current results showed that this procedure is likely to be an acceptable alternative method for multilevel cervical OPLL treatment.
JENIS TUMBUHAN SUMBER PAKAN LEBAH (Trigona sp.) DI DESA MIRRING POLEWALI MANDAR SULAWESI BARAT
Authors: Tahir Hestia , Irundu Daud , Rusmidin Rusmidin
Published: January 2022

The presence of feed and its availability is one of the keys to the successful management of Trigona sp. The presence and availability of feed can be seen from the diversity of feed-producing plants (pollen, nectar, resin). Mirring Village is one of the villages in Polewali Mandar which has the potential for Trigona sp. This study aims to identify and analyze the diversity of feed sources for Trigona sp. in Mirring Village. This research is quantitative research with purposive method. The results showed that there were 42 types of plant sources for bee Trigona sp.  found in coastal areas as many as 3 species  with INP 88.99 – 102.30 and H' 0.99, residential areas there are 30 species with INP 3.15 - 56.20 and H' 3.1, and in mountainous areas there are 18 type with IN 4.77 – 47.22 and H' 2.40. Based on the results for residential and mountainous areas, it is sufficient to provide a source of food, while the enrichment of plant species diversity as a source of food for Trigona sp bees is best carried out in coastal areas
ANGKA KAPANG DAN KHAMIR PADA LADA PUTIH ASAL BANGKA
Authors: Rosani Oktavio , Susanty Devy , Triyanto Ary
Published: January 2022

Numbers of Mold and Yeast on White Pepper from BangkaWhite pepper is one of Indonesia's spices that are needed for both public consumption and exports. Post-harvest processing of white pepper by farmers is often done with unclean. Each source of white pepper has different water content and will affect the quality of white pepper. In this study, seven samples (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7) were from Bangka. All samples tested had higher water content than SNI quality standard (13%), but still below the quality standard 2 (18%). Sample S2 has the highest water content compared to other samples. Sample S1 and S2 have high Numbers of Mold and Yeast (AKK) and do not suitable with quality standart of BPOM. Of all samples, S2  had the highest AKK (5,51 x 104 colony / g) and sample S5 had the smallest AKK (8,8 x 102 colony / g). This shows the relationship between water content in white pepper with AKK. White pepper that has a high water content has a high AKK, whereas white pepper that has low moisture content has low AKK.Keywords: white pepper, Numbers of Mold and Yeast, moisture contentABSTRAKLada putih adalah salah satu rempah Indonesia  yang  banyak dibutuhkan baik untuk konsumsi masyarakat ataupun ekspor. Proses pengolahan pasca panen lada putih oleh petani sering dilakukan dengan tidak bersih. Setiap sumber lada putih memiliki kadar air yang berbeda dan akan mempengaruhi kualitas lada putih. Pada penelitian ini,tujuh sampel (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7)  berasal dari Bangka. Semua sampel yang di uji memiliki kadar air yang lebih tinggi dari standar mutu 1 SNI (13%), namun masih berada di bawah standar mutu 2 (18 %). Sampel S2 memiliki kadar air yang paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan sampel lainnya. Sampel S1 dan S2 memiliki  (Angka Kapang Khamir) AKK yang tinggi dan tidak memenuhi syarat mutu. BPOM. Dari semua sampel, sampel S2 memiliki AKK paling tinggi (5,51 x 104 koloni/g) dan sampel S5 memiliki AKK paling kecil (8,8 x 102 koloni/g). Hal ini menunjukan hubungan antara kadar air pada lada putih dengan AKK. Lada putih yang memiliki kadar air tinggi memiliki AKK yang juga tinggi, sedangkan lada putih yang memiliki kadar air rendah memiki AKK yang  rendah.Kata Kunci: Lada putih, Angka kapang khamir, Kadar Air
FERMENTASI TALAS BELITUNG (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) DENGAN VARIASI RAGI DAN PENAMBAHAN NUTRISI DALAM
Authors: Mardiyah Mardiyah , Srikandi Srikandi , Sutamihardja RTM
Published: January 2022

Fermentation of Belitung Taro (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) with variation of Yeast and Adding Nutrition to Produce Ethanol Plants that are potential to produce bioethanol are plants that have sugar or carbohydrate levels one of which is Belitung taro (Xanthosoma sagittifolium). This research aims to make bioethanol with simple fermentation process with variation on yeast type (bread yeast and tape yeast) and with the addition of nutrients (NPK fertilizer) to obtain maximum bioethanol content. This research was begun by making taro pulp with four treatments and each treatment repeated 3 times. The four treatments consist of taro belt with yeast bread, yeast bread and NPK, yeast tape, yeast tape and NPK. Observations were performed on days 2, 4, 6, 7, 14 which included observation of pH and ethanol content. In addition, proximate test is also done. The results showed that the highest ethanol content in the fermentation process with yeast yeast occurred on the 7th day of 3.64% while in the yeast tape the highest level occurred on the 4th day of 3.07%. Addition of NPK can not produce maximum ethanol content. For proximate test, the result showed that the content of ash is high enough that is 4.57% while for carbohydrate, protein, fat, coarse fiber, and moisture content obtained results equivalent to the literature.Keywords: Ethanol, Fermentation, Belitung Taro, Bioethanol ABSTRAKTumbuhan yang potensial untuk menghasilkan bioetanol adalah tanaman yang memiliki kadar gula atau karbohidrat salah satunya yaitu talas belitung (Xanthosoma sagittifolium). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat bioetanol dengan proses fermentasi sederhana dengan variasi pada jenis ragi (ragi roti dan ragi tape) serta dengan penambahan nutrisi (pupuk NPK) sehingga didapatkan kadar bioetanol yang maksimal. Diawali dengan membuat bubur talas belitung dengan empat perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Empat perlakuan terdiri atas talas belitung dengan ragi roti, ragi roti dan NPK, ragi tape, ragi tape dan NPK. Pengamatan dilakukan pada hari ke 2, 4, 6, 7, 14 yang meliputi pengamatan pH dan kadar etanol. Selain itu dilakukan juga uji proksimat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar etanol tertinggi pada proses fermentasi dengan ragi roti terjadi pada hari ke-7 yaitu 3,64% sedangkan pada ragi tape  kadar tertinggi terjadi pada hari ke-4 yaitu 3,07%. Penambahan NPK tidak dapat menghasilkan kadar etanol yang maksimal. Untuk pengujian proksimat didapatkan kadar abu yang cukup tinggi yaitu 4,57% sedangkan untuk kadar karbohidrat, protein, lemak, serat kasar, dan kadar air didapatkan hasil yang setara dengan literatur.Kata Kunci : Etanol, Fermentasi, Talas Belitung, Bioetanol
PENGUJIAN PARAMETER FISIK SABUN MANDI CAIR DARI SURFAKTAN SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE (SLES)
Authors: Cahyaningsih Devita , Ariesta Nina , Amelia Rizki
Published: January 2022

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUID SHOWER SOAP CONTAINED OF SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE (SLES) SURFACTANTSoap could be produced by saponification and neutralization process. It was contained of fatty acid, KOH, glycerin, and surfactan. The properties of surfactant determined physical properties of soap as the quality parameter of soap.  The study was conducted to examine some of the physical parameters of liquid bath soap (stability test: color, aroma, viscosity, homogeneity, viscosity and pH) in accordance with applicable standards. The study was conducted using soap which was contained of SLES surfactants (Sodium Laureth Ether Sulfate). The results were pH 8.61 and viscosity 55254 cps on stability test include oven test, cycle test, room test, and sun test.Keywords: liquid shower, Sodium Laureth Ether Sulfate, soap stability ABSTRAKSabun yang merupakan salah satu kosmetik pembersih dapat dibuat melalui dua proses, yaitu saponifikasi dan netralisasi. Sabun tersusun dari berbagai bahan, seperti asam lemak, KOH, gliserin, dan surfaktan. Sifat surfaktan dalam sabun menentukan sifat fisik dari sabun yang dihasilkan dan sebagai salah satu faktor penentu mutu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji beberapa parameter fisik sabun mandi cair (uji stabilitas: warna, aroma, kekentalan, homogenitas, viskositas dan pH) sesuai dengan standar yang berlaku, sehingga dapat dilanjutkan ke tahap pengujian berikutnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan surfaktan SLES (Sodium Laureth Ether Sulfate). Beberapa parameter fisik terukur adalah pH 8,61 dan viskositas 55254 cps pada pengujian stabilitas meliputi oven test, cycle test, room test, dan sun test.Kata Kunci: sabun cair, Sodium Laureth Ether Sulfate, stabilitas sabun
STATUS KUALITAS AIR TANAH DI KELURAHAN PEDURENAN, KECAMATAN MUSTIKAJAYA, BEKASI TIMUR
Authors: Inggraini Maulin , Nurfajriah Siti , Andareas Pangeran
Published: January 2022

Status of  Ground Water Quality in The Village of Pedurenan, Mustikajaya District, East BekasiSanitation and poor hygiene practice and unsafe drinking water contributes to 88% of childhood deaths from diarrhea in worldwide. For children who survive often suffer from diarrhea contribute to nutritional problems, preventing children to be able to achieve their maximum potential. According to the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2013, the incidence and prevalence of diarrhea for all age groups in Indonesia is 3,5% and 7,0%. Respectively the incidence of diarrhea is closely associated with the quality of sanitation and groundwater used by society. This study aimed to determine the quality of water used for sanitation especially groundwater, in Sub Pedurenan, District Mustikajaya, East Bekasi. Results showed that groundwater quality inspection using the Most Probable Number (MPN) in RW 02, Village and District Pedurenan Mustikajaya, there were 4 samples were negative of coliform, and 25 coliform positive samples, with the highest number of 1100 cells / 100 mL. This indicates that ground water for sanitation and groundwater of sampling locations are generally contaminated by coliform bacteria.Keywords: groun water, coliform, diarrhea, water quality, MPN ABSTRAK Sanitasi dan perilaku kebersihan yang buruk serta air minum yang tidak aman berkontribusi terhadap 88% kematian anak akibat diare di seluruh dunia. Bagi anak-anak yang bertahan hidup, seringnya menderita diare berkontribusi terhadap masalah gizi, sehingga menghalangi anak-anak untuk dapat mencapai potensi maksimal mereka. Menurut hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2013, insiden dan prevalensi diare untuk seluruh kelompok umur di Indonesia adalah 3,5% dan 7,0%. Kejadian diare sangat erat kaitannya dengan kualitas sanitasi dan air tanah yang digunakan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air yang digunakan untuk sanitasi serta air tanah khususnya di Kelurahan Pedurenan, Kecamatan Mustikajaya, Bekasi Timur. Hasil menunjukkah bahwa pemeriksaan kualitas air tanah menggunakan metode Most Probable Number (MPN) di RW 02 Kelurahan Pedurenan dan Kecamatan Mustikajaya, terdapat 4 sampel yang negatif coliform, dan 25 sampel positif coliform, dengan jumLah tertinggi 1100 sel/100 mL. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa air tanah untuk sanitasi dan air tanah di lokasi pengambilan sampel umumnya tercemar oleh bakteri coliform.Kata Kunci: Air tanah, coliform, diarrhea, Kualitas Air, MPN
PENGARUH WAKTU PERENDAMAN DALAM AIR, KADAR PATI DAN KADAR LIGNIN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK BAMBU AMPEL (Bambusa vulgaris Schard)
Authors: Abdurachman Abdurachman , Ismanto Agus
Published: January 2022

The effect of immersion time in the water, starch and lignin content physical and mechanical properties of Ampel bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris Schard)The studied effect of immersion time in the water on physical and mechanical properties of ampel bamboo had been studied  at the Forest Products Research and Development Center Bogor. Round Bamboo of ampel species (Bambusa vulgaris Schard) a length of 50 cm was immersed in running water, stagnant and in the sludge for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Then the changes in starch and lignin content, physical and mechanical properties were evaluated. The physical properties studied were evaluated density and moisture content, while mechanical properties were bending and parallel tensile strength of fiber. The results showed that the media and immersion time significantly affect the density and moisture content, but did not affect the physical and mechanical properties. Increased starch content in a variety of treatments, especially on immersion in water, otherwise the lignin content decreases, causing a decrease in the nature of Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR). Immersion in stagnant water better than by soaking in the mud and in running water.Keywords: Bambusa vulgaris Schard,  media, immersion time, physical and mechanical properties ABSTRAKPenelitian pengaruh waktu perendaman dalam air terhadap sifat fisik dan mekanik bambu ampel (bambusa vulgaris) telah dilakukan di Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan Bogor. Bambu bulat berukuran panjang 50 cm direndam dalam air mengalir, tergenang dan lumpur selama 7, 14, 21 dan 28 hari, kemudian diamati perubahan kadar pati,diuji sifat fisik dan mekaniknya. Sifat fisik yang diteliti adalah kerapatan dan kadar air, sedangkan sifat mekanik adalah keteguhan lentur dan tarik sejajar serat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media dan waktu rendaman berpengaruh nyata terhadap kerapatan dan kadar air, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis bambu yang diteliti. Kadar pati meningkat pada berbagai perlakuan terutama pada rendaman dalam air mengalir, sebaliknya kandungan lignin menurun sehingga menyebabkan penurunan sifat Modulus elastisitas (MOE) dan keteguhan lentur maksimum (MOR). Perendaman dalam air tergenang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan cara perendaman dalam lumpur maupun dalam air mengalir.Kata kunci : Bambusa vulgaris Schard, media, waktu perendaman, sifat fisis dan mekanis
PERBANDINGAN HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIS DAN ASAM TERHADAP PATI JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays L.) DALAM PEMBUATAN GULA CAIR
Authors: Sutamihardja RTM , Azizah Mia , Mafiana Bekti Dwisepti
Published: January 2022

Comparison Hydrolisis of Enzymatic and Acid of  Sweet Corn Starch (Zea mays L.) in Liquid Sugar ProductionSweet corn starch (Zea mays L.) contains high carbohydrate that can be used for food and industrial purposes. Sweet corn starch can be used for liquid sugar as alternative sweetener by enzymatic or acid hydrolysis. The enzymatic hydrolysis was performed by treating the starch with alpha amylase for liquefaction and glucoamylase for saccharification, while acid hydrolysis was performed by mixing the starch with 1,0 N hydrochloric acid. According to the results, the yield of enzymatic hydrolysis is higher than acid hydrolysis. The highest yield of liquid sugar is 91,73% produced by enzymatic hydrolysis using alpha amylase 42µL and glucoamylase 42µL and 59,40% of reducing sugar. The yield of liquid sugar produced by acid hydrolysis using HCl 1,0 N is 78,55% and 31,48% of reducing sugar.Key words: Zea mays, starch, liquid sugar, hydrolisis of hydrochloric acid, hydrolisis of alpha amylase, hydrolisis of glucoamylaseABSTRAKPati jagung manis (Zea mays L.) mengandung karbohidrat cukup tinggi yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk bahan pangan dan industri. Pati jagung manis dapat diolah menjadi gula cair dan digunakan sebagai pemanis alternatif melalui hidrolisis pati baik secara enzimatis atau asam. Hidrolisis enzimatis melalui tahap likuifikasi menggunakan alfa amilase dan tahap sakarifikasi menggunakan glukoamilase. Hidrolisis asam dilakukan menggunakan asam klorida 0,1 N. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gula cair hasil hidrolisis enzimatis menghasilkan rendemen lebih tinggi dibandingkan hidrolisis asam. Rendemen gula cair paling tinggi dihasilkan pada proses hidrolisis enzimatis menggunakan alfa amilase 42µL dan glukoamilase 42µL sebesar 91,73% dengan nilai gula pereduksi sebesar 59,40%. Rendemen gula cair hidrolisis asam menggunakan HCl 1,0 N sebesar 78,55% dengan nilai gula pereduksi sebesar 31,48%.Kata kunci: Zea mays, pati, gula cair, hidrolisis HCl, hidrolisis enzim alfa-amilase, hidrolisis enzim glukoamilase
PENETAPAN NILAI KALORI DALAM BATUBARA DENGAN KALORIMETER PARR 6200
Authors: Istomo Finda Pratiwi , Tristiasti Ameylia
Published: January 2022

Determining Calory Value of Coal With Calorimeter Parr 6200 Coal is a source of energy utilized by the process of making cement. This type of coal determines the quality and calorific value of the coal. Determination of calorific value on coal is done by using calorimeter. Coal types studied were A and B coal mixture with ratio 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50. The results showed that the mixture of A and B coal with a ratio of 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50 can be used for combustion in the manufacture of cement in the furnace because it has a calorific value above 6000 in accordance with the standards of the cement factory . Water content affects the calorific value of coal, the higher of moisture content, the lower the heating value.Keywords: Coal, Calorimeter, Heat valueABSTRAK Batubara merupakan sumber energi yang dimanfaatkan oleh proses pembuatan semen. Jenis batubara menentukan kualitas dan nilai kalor dari batubara tersebut. Penentuan nilai kalor pada batu bara dilakukan dengan menggunakan kalorimeter. Jenis batubara yang diteliti yaitu Campuran batubara A dan B dengan perbandingan 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, dan 50:50. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa campuran batubara A dan B dengan perbandingan 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, dan 50:50 dapat digunakan untuk pembakaran dalam pembuatan semen di tanur bakar karena memiliki nilai kalori diatas 6000 sesuai dengan standar perusahan pabrik semen. Kadar air mempengaruhi nilai kalori batubara, yaitu semakin tinggi kadar air semakin rendah nilai kalor.Kata Kunci: Batu Bara, Kalorimeter, nilai kalor
Application of integrated PCA and FIS approach to the selection of current and vibration signal features in mechanical fault classification of induction motor
Authors: Gunapriya D. , Muniraj C. , Lakshmi K.
Published: January 2022

The detection as well as analysis of faults in Induction Motor (IM) is prominent in the industrial process in recent decades, since it has been a demanding issue in industries to confirm the safe and reliable operations of IM. Though the electrical faults, mechanical faults and environmental faults cause damages in IM, as per Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) statistical studies, the faults due to (i) rotor mass unbalance and (ii) rotor shaft bending substantially contribute 8-9% of the total motor fault. This present research work focuses on the issue of detecting and analysing the faults by studying the current and vibration data obtained from the three-phase squirrel cage IM under healthy and faulty conditions using the experimental workbench. It also depicts the development of a fault detection model for IM which comprises the integrated approach of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Fuzzy Interference System (FIS) and two level decision fuzzy measures. Besides, fuzzy integral data fusion technique has been used in this work for the improvement of diagnosing accuracy. The data acquired from the workbench system are first investigated through the PCA to extricate the appropriate features that provide the major information of collected data without reducing its dimensions. The projected data space using the principal components is non-deterministic for further synthesis process of fault classification. Hence, to classify the faults in IM, the obtained feature vectors from PCA are fed into FIS as an input and the classification performance is compared finally. The work experiment has been carried out under the healthy and different faulty conditions of motor and the proposed integrated approach is executed by using MATLAB.
Fuzzy fractional mathematical model of COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Padmapriya V. , Kaliyappan M.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we develop a mathematical model with a Caputo fractional derivative under fuzzy sense for the prediction of COVID-19. We present numerical results of the mathematical model for COVID-19 of most three infected countries such as the USA, India and Italy. Using the proposed model, we estimate predicting future outbreaks, the effectiveness of preventive measures and potential control strategies of the infection. We provide a comparative study of the proposed model with Ahmadian’s fuzzy fractional mathematical model. The results demonstrate that our proposed fuzzy fractional model gives a nearer forecast to the actual data. The present study can confirm the efficiency and applicability of the fractional derivative under uncertainty conditions to mathematical epidemiology.
A discrete animal migration algorithm for dual-resource constrained energy-saving flexible job shop scheduling problem
Authors: Jiang Tianhua , Zhu Huiqi , Gu Jiuchun , Liu Lu , Song Haicao
Published: January 2022

This paper presents a discrete animal migration optimization (DAMO) to solve the dual-resource constrained energy-saving flexible job shop scheduling problem (DRCESFJSP), with the aim of minimizing the total energy consumption in the workshop. A job-resource-based two-vector encoding method is designed to represent the scheduling solution, and an energy-saving decoding approach is given based on the left-shift rule. To ensure the quality and diversity of initial scheduling solutions, a heuristic approach is employed for the resource assignment, and some dispatching rules are applied to acquire the operation permutation. In the proposed DAMO, based on the characteristics of the DRCESFJSP problem, the search operators of the basic AMO are discretized to adapt to the problem under study. An animal migration operator is presented based on six problem-based neighborhood structures, which dynamically changes the search scale of each animal according to its solution quality. An individual updating operator based on crossover operation is designed to obtain new individuals through the crossover operation between the current individual and the best individual or a random individual. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, the Taguchi design of experiment method is first applied to obtain the best combination of parameters. Numerical experiments are carried out based on 32 instances in the existing literature. Computational data and statistical comparisons indicate that both the left-shift decoding rule and population initialization strategy are effective in enhancing the quality of the scheduling solutions. It also demonstrate that the proposed DAMO has advantages against other compared algorithms in terms of the solving accuracy for solving the DRCESFJSP.
A hybrid imperialist competitive algorithm for the outpatient scheduling problem with switching and preparation times
Authors: Yu Hui , Li Jun-qing , Chen Xiao-Long , Zhang Wei-meng
Published: January 2022

During recent years, the outpatient scheduling problem has attracted much attention from both academic and medical fields. This paper considers the outpatient scheduling problem as an extension of the flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSP), where each patient is considered as one job. Two realistic constraints, i.e., switching and preparation times of patients are considered simultaneously. To solve the outpatient scheduling problem, a hybrid imperialist competitive algorithm (HICA) is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, first, the mutation strategy with different mutation probabilities is utilized to generate feasible and efficient solutions. Then, the diversified assimilation strategy is developed. The enhanced global search heuristic, which includes the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm and estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA), is adopted in the assimilation strategy to improve the global search ability of the algorithm.?Moreover, four kinds of neighborhood search strategies are introduced to?generate new?promising?solutions.?Finally, the empires invasion strategy?is?proposed to?increase the diversity of the population. To verify the performance of the proposed HICA, four efficient algorithms, including imperialist competitive algorithm, improved genetic algorithm, EDA, and modified artificial immune algorithm, are selected for detailed comparisons. The simulation results confirm that the proposed algorithm can solve the outpatient scheduling problem with high efficiency.
Human pose estimation based on parallel atrous convolution and body structure constraints
Authors: Zhang Min , Yang Haijie , Li Pengfei , Jiang Ming
Published: January 2022

Human pose estimation is still a challenging task in computer vision, especially in the case of camera view transformation, joints occlusions and overlapping, the task will be of ever-increasing difficulty to achieve success. Most existing methods pass the input through a network, which typically consists of high-to-low resolution sub-networks that are connected in series. Still, during the up-sampling process, the spatial relationships and details might be lost. This paper designs a parallel atrous convolutional network with body structure constraints (PAC-BCNet) to address the problem. Among the mentioned techniques, the parallel atrous convolution (PAC) is constructed to deal with scale changes by connecting multiple different atrous convolution sub-networks in parallel. And it is used to extract features from different scales without reducing the resolution. Besides, the body structure constraints (BC), which enhance the correlation between each keypoint, are constructed to obtain better spatial relationships of the body by designing keypoints constraints sets and improving the loss function. In this work, a comparative experiment of the serial atrous convolution, the parallel atrous convolution, the ablation study with and without body structure constraints are conducted, which reasonably proves the effectiveness of the approach. The model is evaluated on two widely used human pose estimation benchmarks (MPII and LSP). The method achieves better performance on both datasets.
A fuzzy fixed-point theorem and its applications to maximal elements and Nash equilibria in noncompact CAT(0) spaces
Authors: Lu Haishu , Li Rong
Published: January 2022

In this paper, based on the KKM method, we prove a new fuzzy fixed-point theorem in noncompact CAT(0) spaces. As applications of this fixed-point theorem, we obtain some existence theorems of fuzzy maximal element points. Finally, we utilize these fuzzy maximal element theorems to establish some new existence theorems of Nash equilibrium points for generalized fuzzy noncooperative games and fuzzy noncooperative qualitative games in noncompact CAT(0) spaces. The results obtained in this paper generalize and extend many known results in the existing literature.
A frequency-weighted energy operator and swarm decomposition for bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Zhong Xianyou , Xia Tianyi , Zhao Yankun , Zhao Xiao
Published: January 2022

The weak fault characteristics of rolling bearings are difficult to identify due to strong background noise. To address this issue, a bearing fault detection scheme combining swarm decomposition (SWD) and frequency-weighted energy operator (FWEO) is presented. First, SWD is applied to decompose the bearing fault signal into single mode components. Then, a new evaluation index termed LEP is constructed by combining the advantages of envelope entropy, Pearson correlation coefficient and L-kurtosis, and it is utilized to choose the sensitive component containing the richest bearing fault characteristics. Finally, FWEO is employed for extracting the bearing fault features from the sensitive component. Simulation and experimental analyses indicate that the LEP index has better performance than the L-kurtosis index in determining the sensitive component. The method has the effect of suppressing noise and enhancing impulse characteristics, which is superior to the SWD-based envelope demodulation method.
A novel difference and derivative of linearly correlated fuzzy number-valued functions
Authors: Shen Yonghong
Published: January 2022

In the present paper, the notion of the linearly correlated difference for linearly correlated fuzzy numbers is introduced. Especially, the linearly correlated difference and the generalized Hukuhara difference are coincident for interval numbers or even symmetric fuzzy numbers. Accordingly, an appropriate metric is induced by using the norm and the linearly correlated difference in the set of linearly correlated fuzzy numbers. Based on the symmetry of the basic fuzzy number, the linearly correlated derivative is proposed by the linearly correlated difference of linearly correlated fuzzy number-valued functions. In both non-symmetric and symmetric cases, the equivalent characterizations of the linearly correlated differentiability of a linearly correlated fuzzy number-valued function are established, respectively. Moreover, it is shown that the linearly correlated derivative is consistent with the generalized Hukuhara derivative for interval-valued functions.
Transdifferentiation Meets Next-generation Biotechnologies
Authors: Ke Xiaoshan , Thakur Abhimanyu , Chen Huanhuan Joyce
Published: January 2022

Transdifferentiation is the process of converting terminally differentiated cells to another cell type. Being less time-consuming and free from tumorigenesis, it is a promising alternative to directed differentiation, which provides cell sources for tissue regeneration therapy and disease modeling. In the past decades, transdifferentiation was found to happen within or across the cell lineages, being induced by overexpression of key transcription factors, chemical cocktail treatments, etc. Implementing next-generation biotechnologies, such as genome editing tools and scRNA-seq, improves current protocols and has the potential to facilitate discovery in new pathways of transdifferentiation, which will accelerate its application in clinical use.
Diagnostic accuracy of ‘modified’ Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) for Obstructive Apnea Syndromes in pediatric age
Authors: Spinuzza Paola , Giuliana Giovanna , Maniscalco Laura , Manzella Vincenza , Pizzo Giuseppe , Matranga Domenica , La Mantia Gaetano , Panzarella Vera
Published: January 2022

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) characterized by total or partial collapse of the upper airways during sleep. The Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) is one of the most used and validated screening tools, but it lacks the comprehensive assessment of some determinants of OSAS, specifically anamnestic assessment and sleep quality. This lack with modified PSQ was addressed in a recent study  which however had some limitations such as a small sample.  This study aims to overcome these limitations by involving a larger sample. The modified PSQ was administered via a digital form to the parents of children (age range: 3–18 years) attending schools in Palermo (Sicily-Italy). For each item, added in the original PSQ,  sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated. The highest sensitivity (71.4, 95% CI: 29,0; 96,3), in combination with the highest specificity (60.0, 95% IC: 51.9;67.6), was found for the Item 8 ('Does your child sweat at night?'). Furthermore the highest specificity (96.8 95% CI:92.8;98.9), in combination with the highest sensitivity (14.2, 95% CI: 0.3;57.8) was found for the Item 11 ('Does your child have confused awakenings, e.g., the child looks awake but confused, disoriented and sometimes aggressive?'). Compared to the previous study, this study  highlights how other Items related to sleep quality can be essential for the diagnosis of OSAS. Although these results should be validated with clinical diagnoses, they suggest that including the factors discriminating sleep quality could further increase the efficiency and accuracy of PSQ.

KEYWORDS: paediatric Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders (SRBD); paediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS); Paediatric Sleep Question (PSQ); Di.Chir.On.S 2021
The link between clinical, biological and metabolic factors in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with immunotherapy
Authors: Russo Antonio
Published: January 2022

Lorena Incorvaia*2, CHIARA BRANDO1, Fanale Daniele1, Algeri Laura1, Scalia Raimondo1, Dimino Alessandra1, Bonasera Annalisa1, Fiorino Alessia1, Pedone Erika1, Bono Marco1, Barraco Nadia1, Galvano Antonio1, Gristina Valerio1, Corsini Lidia Rita1, Badalamenti Giuseppe1, Bazan Viviana2, Russo Antonio1.

1Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.

2Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Effects of the number of removed lymph nodes on survival outcome in patients with sentinel node-negative breast cancer
Authors: Saputo Federica
Published: January 2022

_Background_: Sentinel lymph node biopsy is the gold standard surgical technique for axillary staging in patients with clinically node-negative. However, it is still uncertain what is the optimal number of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) to be removed to reduce the false-negative rate. The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients with a single negative SLN have a worse prognosis than those with two or more negative SLNs. 

_Methods:_ A retrospective review was conducted on a large series of SLN-negative breast cancer patients. Survival outcomes and regional recurrence rate were evaluated according to the number of removed SLNs. Secondly, the contribution of diferent adjuvant therapies on disease-free survival was explored. Statistical analysis included the chisquare, Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. 

_Results_: A total of 1080 patients were included in the study. A frst group consisted of 328 patients in whom a single SLN was retrieved, and a second group consisted of 752 patients in whom two or more SLNs were retrieved. There was no relevant diference in median DFS (64.9 vs 41.4) for SLN = 1 vs SLN > 1 groups (HR 0.76, CI 95% 0.39–1.46; p = 0.38). A statistically signifcant diference in mDFS was showed only for HT-treated patients who were SLN = 1 if compared to SLN > 1 (100.6 months versus 35.3 months). 

_Conclusions: _There is likely a relationship between the number of resected SNL and mDFS. Our results, however, showed no relevant diference in median DFS for SLN = 1 vs SLN > 1 group, except for a subset of the patients treated with hormone therapy.
Regenerative Surgery with Adipose Stem Cells and 3D Bioprinted Scaffolds for Cleft Palate Repair
Authors: Cordova Adriana , Matta Daniele , Toia Francesca
Published: January 2022

Cleft lip and palate (CL/P) is the most prevalent craniofacial birth defect in humans. To date, none of the known surgical techniques and proposed therapeutic approaches is able to guarantee a definitive correction of the hard palate defect in a single surgical step. So, patients often undergo various surgical interventions and autologous bone grafts with additional scarring and further complications. The aim of regenerative medicine is to avoid the numerous surgical approaches, devising a bioengineered tissue that can be used for reconstructing the loss of substance in a quick and less invasive way. For this reason, we think that adipose tissue can be the optimal "donor tissue" and an an excellent source of adipose stem cells due to its already known regenerative properties. In our study, we want to investigate “in vitro” regenerative capacity of stem cells from adipose tissue in association with 3D bio-printed scaffolds of natural origin. The future objective will be to “package” a custom-made “negative mold” of the original hard palate/maxilla defect; this would allow us to quickly and less-invasively repair the defect, guaranteeing an excellent restitutio ad integrum and relieving the patient from the numerous complications related to multi-step surgical repair.
Regenerative Surgery with Adipose Stem Cells and 3D Bioprinted Scaffolds for Cleft Palate Repair
Authors: Cordova Adriana , Matta Daniele , Toia Francesca , Di Stefano Anna Barbara
Published: January 2022

Cleft lip and palate (CL/P) is the most prevalent craniofacial birth defect in humans. To date, none of the known surgical techniques and proposed therapeutic approaches is able to guarantee a definitive correction of the hard palate defect in a single surgical step. So, patients often undergo various surgical interventions and autologous bone grafts with additional scarring and further complications. The aim of regenerative medicine is to avoid the numerous surgical approaches, devising a bioengineered tissue that can be used for reconstructing the loss of substance in a quick and less invasive way. For this reason, we think that adipose tissue can be the optimal "donor tissue" and an an excellent source of adipose stem cells due to its already known regenerative properties. In our study, we want to investigate “in vitro” regenerative capacity of stem cells from adipose tissue in association with 3D bio-printed scaffolds of natural origin. The future objective will be to “package” a custom-made “negative mold” of the original hard palate/maxilla defect; this would allow us to quickly and less-invasively repair the defect, guaranteeing an excellent restitutio ad integrum and relieving the patient from the numerous complications related to multi-step surgical repair.
Confianza empresarial, midiendo la temperatura de La Araucanía
Authors: Salas Humberto
Published: January 2022

Artículo Revista profesional "Desafíos"
La deuda de los hogares: un gran problema
Authors: Salas Humberto
Published: January 2022

Columna de opinión.
Equilibrémonos Bienestar Psicológico
Authors: Quiñones María José , Martínez Carla , Figueroa Carla , Guajardo Claudia , Zapata Francisca , Bello María Elena
Published: January 2022

Publicación orientada a entregar herramientas que favorecen la salud mental
A Case Study of Students’ Barriers in Passive Voice Sentences
Authors: Zahratul Idami  , Pratiwi Diah Ayu Pratiwi
Published: January 2022

This study was to find out the errors experienced by students in composing passive voice sentences. It also explained the factors that caused students' barriers in constructing passive voice sentences. This study focused on students' errors and bariers in constructing passive voice sentences in the form of Simple Present Tense, Simple Past Tense, and Present Future Perfect Tense. The research approach used was a qualitative method through a case study. The subject of this research was 12 students in class XII of SMKS Yaspenmas Sei Lepan. Data collection techniques were tests and interviews. The findings of this study were the types of student errors on omission 62.4%, misinformation 10.6%, misordering 27%. As well as the location of the error in the passive voice sentence in the form of Simple Present Tense in the use of to be 75%, past participle 100%, then the use of to be in the Simple Past Tense 95, 83% and  past participle 64.6%, then the use of have in Present Future Perfect Tense 36.1%, been 100%, and past participle 33.3%. These errors were due to internal factors and external factors. The internal factors were students’ lack of interest in learning English as well as lack of vocabulary mastery and lack of understanding of grammar. The external factors were lack of parental attention, lack of supporting media in the learning process, inadequate school infrastructures, and the road to school was difficult to pass.
Idiomatic Expressions in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Prisoner of Azkaban
Authors: Amalia Mutiara , Hilman Evert H. , Putri Evi Jovita
Published: January 2022

The paper argues that the quality of idiom translations depends on the appropriate strategy used while translating them because idiomatic expressions cannot be translated from their words. This study was carried out to describe the meaning of the idiomatic expression and the application of Chesterman's strategies in translating idioms and identify the speech acts of the utterances conveyed by the speaker in the data. This research used a descriptive qualitative method. The data were gathered from J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. The study also used their Indonesian version to find out the translation of the idiomatic expressions. One hundred five quotes were taken from the novels. As a result, Unit Shift appears more frequently in the novel as a syntactic strategy followed by Scheme Change. Furthermore, in terms of semantic approach, distribution Change is the most common strategy that emerges from the novels, followed by Trope Change. The Assertive Act is the most dominant act delivered by the speaker behind the utterances in speech acts.
Anthropological study of Kyrgyz population of the Pamirs. Part II. Dermatoglyphic characteristics of the Kyrgyz of Dzhirgatal
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Mokhovaya st., 11, Moscow, 125009, Russia, Stepanova Alevtina Vladimirovna
Published: January 2022

The dermatoglyphic collection (84 male and 62 female handprints) was collected as part of a genetic-anthropological expedition to the Pamirs (1984). Palm prints were taken using the ink method. The collection was processed according to the method of H. Cummins and Ch. Midlo. Finger and palm patterns were studied. The Cummins index and delta index were calculated. Circular polygons of signs of dermatoglyphics were built and the values of the Caucasian-Mongoloid complex were calculated. Literary data were used for comparative analysis. Results and discussion. As a result of the study, data on the dermatoglyphics of the Kyrgyz of the village of Dzhirgatal were introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Frequencies of finger and palmar patterns in the studied group are presented. It has been shown that bilateral and sex differences in dermatoglyphic signs reflect general distribution trends. Constructed on the basis of key dermatoglyphic features, the combination polygons for the male and female groups of the Kyrgyz of Dzhirgatal, on the whole, have a shape characteristic of the Mongoloids, while revealing features of both the South Siberian and Central Asian local races. Conclusion. The results obtained clearly demonstrate that skin patterns are a source of historical and biological information, and dermatoglyphics greatly support the data obtained by other methods in anthropology, showing its high value for anthropological analysis, which is a prerequisite for further analysis of the studied group in terms of racial diagnosis and search for associations signs of dermatoglyphics and other genetically determined systems.
NDE Outlook: Informatization of NDT and NDE
Authors: Vrana Johannes
Published: January 2022

Informatization is defined as the process
by which information technologies,
such as the World Wide Web and other
communication technologies, have
transformed economic and social relations
to such an extent that cultural and
economic barriers are minimized.
What does this mean for nondestructive
testing and evaluation (NDT/E)? In
short: informatization in NDT and NDE
has happened and will continue to
happen, independent of whether individuals
or companies like it or
not. However, we can shape
it—together.
Polyphenols in Matily Herbal & Spices Boosts Antibodies in an Elderly Following COVID 19 Infections – A Case Study
Authors: Eapen John Thottukadavil
Published: January 2022

An elderly patient had COVID-19 infection in August 2020 and started the home remedies treatment for the first 18 hours, followed by Azithromycin 250 mg for 6 days. The patient revered well, and the infection was confirmed by antibodies in the patient's serum. Later on, the patient was on Matily Herbal Drink and Matily Herbal & Spices Mix to avoid complications connected with COVID-19 re-infection. After completing 12 months of post COVID-19 infection, the antibodies were assessed to find the status. It was found to be increased in qualitative assessment. The quantitative assessment of antibodies showed a much higher value compared with individuals who had both the dose of vaccines and tested the blood after two weeks since the second dose of vaccine. We suggest that the increased antibodies could be because of the bioavailability of polyphenols present in the Matily Herbal Drink and Matily Herbal & Spices Mix.

Polyphenols inactivate COVID-19 virus and this may have helped the body to increase its antibody production. The bioavailability of polyphenols depends on various factors, including acidulants in the diet. Based on the present studies, we suggest India should have her own strategies to increase antibodies in the population instead of just following the norms laid by International Agencies for the booster dose of vaccine 

Keywords: COVID-19, Matily Herbal Drink, Matily Herbal, Spices Mix