bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimising passive seismic investigations of the ice-bedrock interface zone for the great ice sheets
Authors: Kelly Ian , Reading Anya , Staal Tobias , Bassom Andrew
Published: February 2023

The need to better predict how the great ice sheets will respond to continued atmospheric and ocean warming is paramount. Ice deformation and mechanisms for ice sliding across the bedrock underneath are both key considerations. Constraints of this critical ice-bedrock interface zone, particularly over extensive inland areas of Antarctica and Greenland, remain a major hurdle in ice-sheet modeling and estimations of future sea level rise.Passive seismology offers a logistically-efficient avenue for such investigations, with improvements in sensor technologies, autonomous power solutions and telemetry systems encouraging the deployment of temporary arrays for subglacial mapping and real-time monitoring. Previous experiments have demonstrated the potential of techniques such as receiver functions, horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSR) and ambient noise interferometry for characterising the depth and nature of the ice-bedrock zone. This research looks to fully explore the sensitivity range of available passive seismic methods for the ice-bedrock interface, with a view towards optimising data collection and array geometries for future applications. In this contribution, we present an optimised workflow making use of HVSR analysis and the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) technique using numerical simulations and field data collected from East Antarctica. The results from this study provide a benchmark to guide future deployments in the polar regions.
Ozone production and chemical regime analysis in the upper tropical troposphere
Authors: Nussbaumer Clara M. , Pozzer Andrea , Lelieveld Jos , Fischer Horst
Published: February 2023

Ozone is a greenhouse gas and, after water, the second most relevant contributor to global warming in the upper troposphere. Therefore, understanding and monitoring the processes contributing to ozone production is an important tool in observing the progression of climate change. The two main tropospheric precursors to ozone formation are nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOC). Depending on their availability, ozone production can be limited by either of its precursors. In our study, we focus on processes contributing to ozone formation and loss in the upper tropical troposphere, where changes in ozone have one of the largest impacts on the radiative forcing. Based on modeled trace gas concentrations and meteorological parameters by the EMAC atmospheric chemistry - general circulation model, we analyze a variety of metrics including net ozone production rates (NOPR), the formaldehyde (HCHO) to NO2 ratio and the share of methyl peroxyradicals (CH3O2) forming HCHO (αCH3O2) in their ability to indicate the dominating ozone regime in the upper troposphere between 30°N and 30°S latitude.
Increasing 2020-Like Boreal Summer Rainfall Extremes Over Northeast Indian Subcontinent Under Greenhouse Warming
Authors: Tang Haosu , Huang Gang , Hu Kaiming , Wang Jun
Published: February 2023

Due to windward slope topography and monsoon activities, the populated Northeast Indian subcontinent (NEI) suffers from heavy rainfall and floods almost every year. Extreme persistent downpours lashed NEI in summer 2020, ranked the second heaviest on record since 1901. This event caused about 550 fatalities and economic loss up to hundreds of millions of dollars. It is highly compelling but challenging to understand the weather drivers and future risks of this high-impact event. Here, we suggested this event was likely caused by the anomalous anticyclone (AAC) over the Indo-Northwest Pacific region and La Niña-induced Walker circulation intensification. The overall effect of current human-induced climate change contributed little to the occurrence probability of this event, as most of the warming and wetting effects of greenhouse gases were canceled out by anthropogenic aerosols. Climate models project an increasing risk of 1.77 (1.97), 2.08 (2.59), 2.58 (3.88), and 3.10 (5.52) times of such extreme event in the median-term (long-term) future under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5, respectively. It is mainly caused by the increases in atmospheric water vapor and 2020-like AAC frequency. Our findings indicate that future flooding risk over NEI will increase robustly if greenhouse warming continues.
Causes, Monitoring, Extinction, and Eco-environmental Impacts of Underground Coal Fires: A Comprehensive Perspective
Authors: Zeng Qiang
Published: February 2023

Underground coal fire (UCF) is a disaster associated with coal mining activities which occurs in almost all main coal-producing countries. UCF not only burns up massive coal resource, but also causes damages and pollutions to local eco-environment, such as the land subsidence, the contamination to soil and nearby water resource, the pollution to air, and so on. In this presentation, the author attempts to illustrate a comprehensive understanding to UCF from micro and macro perspectives, including the mechanism of UCF occurrence and propagation, the monitoring and early warning of UCF, the efficient advanced materials depressed the UCF and the UCF’s impact on local eco-environment, which is helpful to understanding well of UCF. Methods and technologies which were employed in this study include analyses of the remote sensing data, the TG data, the C13- NMR data, the HRTEM data, the FTIR data, the XRD and XPS data, etc. Necessary models for quantifying UCF occurrence and propagation were established by analyzing the process of UCF. And a novel method was proposed by analyzing the distribution of surface temperature coupled with the NDVI data and InSar data. Some inhibitors were used in this study to depress the proceeds of coal oxidation which is useful to control the UCF. In addition, considering the UCF’s impacts on local eco-environment, coal-fire-induced heavy metal contamination to soil also were investigated which show that the heat effect is a major factor influences the distribution of heavy metal. Finally, strategies were suggested to carry out the restoration of UCF sites after it was extinguished.Keywords: Underground Coal Fire; Mechanism of Occurring and Propagating; Remote Sensing; Inhibitor; Eco-environment Impact
An alternative approach to the ocean eddy parameterization roblem
Authors: Shevchenko Igor
Published: February 2023

It is typical for low-resolution ocean simulations to miss not only small- but also large-scale patterns of the flow dynamics compared with their high-resolution analogues. It is usually attributed to the inability of coarse-grid models to properly reproduce the effects of the unresolved small-scale dynamics on the resolved large scales. In part, the reason for that is that coarse-grid models fail to at least keep the coarse-grid solution within the region of phase space occupied by the reference solution  (the high-resolution solution projected onto the coarse grid). In this presentation we discuss two methods to solve this problem: (1) computation of the image point in the phase space restricted to the region of the reference flow dynamics, and (2) reconstruction of a dynamical system from the available reference solution data. The proposed methods show encouraging results for both low- and high-dimensional phase spaces.One of the important and general conclusions that can be drawn from our results is that not only mesoscale eddy parameterisation is possible in principle but also it can be highly accurate (up to reproducing individual vortices). This conclusion provides great optimism for the ongoing parameterisation studies.
Velocity Analyses of the Reference Rock in Korea
Authors: Noh Myunghyun
Published: February 2023

The reference rock is the rock expected to show little variation of seismic properties at different locations, therefore, can be used as a basis for site response analysis. The P-wave velocity (Vp,ref) and S-wave velocity (Vs,ref) of the reference rock were analyzed using bore-hole velocity measurements in Korea. The velocity measurements had been obtained by the down-hole test, the cross-hole test, or the SP logging.The minimum S-wave velocity of 2,000 m/s was applied to the Vs,ref analysis, while the minimum P-wave of 3,500 m/s to the Vp,ref analysis. The velocity gradient along depth was limited not to exceed 25 (m/s)/m in the reference rock. The Vs,ref was identified and estimated in 108 S-wave velocity profiles of total 345 profiles. The Vp,ref was identified and estimated in 94 P-wave velocity profiles of total 212 profiles.Depth ranges and velocity estimates of the reference rock were found to have a clear correlation with weathering grades, but no correlation with rock types. The velocity measurements affected by weathering were excluded in the estimation of the reference velocities. The estimates of Vs,ref and Vp,ref shows no systemic differences according to sites as well as velocity-measurement methods. This enabled us to assume that the whole estimates of the reference velocities were sampled from the same populations.The averages of Vs,ref and Vp,ref are 2,529 ms/s and 5,152 m/s, respectively. The distribution test revealed that the velocities measured in the depth range of the reference rock follow neither a normal distribution nor a log-normal distribution with a significance level of 5%. The distribution test also revealed that Vs,ref and Vp,ref follow neither a normal distribution nor a log-normal distribution with a significance level of 5%.
Evolution of the East African Rift System from trap-scale to plate-scale rifting
Authors: Michon Laurent , Famin Vincent , Quidelleur Xavier
Published: February 2023

Many continental rifts are subjected to volcanism in tandem with rifting, which has raised a long-standing debate about whether magmatism is the cause or the consequence of plate fragmentation. To re-evaluate this chicken-and-egg question, we took advantage of five decades of research on the East African Rift System (EARS), the largest active continental rift on Earth, to explore the spatial and temporal relationship between rifting and magmatism. By comparing the co-occurrence of tectonics and volcanism since the Eocene with the present-day seismicity, we delimit the EARS as a ~ 5000 km-wide zone of volcano-tectonics made of four branches affecting not only East Africa but also the Mozambique channel and Madagascar. We then developed a quality filtering procedure of published radiometric ages in order to build two independent, robust, and comprehensive age compilations for magmatism and rifting over this extended EARS. Our thorough quality-checked selection of ages reveals that the EARS presents two distinct regimes of volcanism. Since the Upper Eocene, the rift system was affected by (1) pulses of volcanism in 500–1000 km-wide areas, and (2) a discontinuous but remarkably simultaneous volcanic activity, scattered along the four branches of the EARS since 25–27 Ma. Combining this spatio-temporal evolution of volcanism with a critical review of the timing of rifting, we show that the tectonics of the EARS evolves through time from trap-scale to plate-scale rifting. Until the Middle Miocene, extension structures first developed following flood basalt events and plateau uplifts. Then, volcanism resumed synchronously all over the EARS at ca. 12–12.5 Ma, followed by a general extensional deformation. This evolution, which cannot be explained by the sole action of a plume or of tectonics, is therefore interpreted in an intermediate way in which the EARS results from (1) extensive stresses acting on the African lithosphere in the long-lived context of the Gondwana breakup and (2) an overall complex mantle upwelling dynamics arising from the African Large Low Shear Velocity Province (LLSVP). We propose that extension stresses affecting the African lithosphere also modulate the melting of mantle anomalies and/or the collection of magma through the Pan-African belts. This influence explains the synchronous occurrence of many magmatic and tectonic events in the EARS and at the boundaries of the Nubia and Somali plates. Finally, our results suggest that the source of extension stresses affecting the African plate probably evolved from a dominant far-field origin to prevailing variations of gravitational potential energy (GPE) and a diverging basal shear of the Nubia and Somali litho- sphere. This change would stem from an increase of the mantle flux in the Middle Miocene, yielding a change in the EARS’ dynamics from trap-scale to plate-scale rifting.
Lunar Mission Planning and Exploration using NASA’s Moon Trek Portal
Authors: Law Emily , Day Brian ,   Solar System Treks
Published: February 2023

NASA’s Moon Trek (https://trek.nasa.gov/moon/) is one of a growing number of interactive, browser-based, online portals for planetary data visualization and analysis produced by NASA’s Solar System Treks Project (SSTP). Moon Trek continues to be enhanced with new data and new capabilities enabling it to facilitate the planning and conducting of upcoming lunar missions by NASA, its commercial partners, and its international partners, as well as scientific research.Moon Trek’s innovation visualization and analysis tools are already being used by a growing number of missions and scientists around the world. The tools deployed including interactive 2D and 3D visualization, a DEM and Ortho Mosaic Image production pipeline as well as tools for distance measurement, elevation profile generation, solar altitude and azimuth calculation, 3D print file generation, virtual reality visualization generation, lighting analysis, electrostatic surface potential analysis, slope analysis, rock detection, crater detection, rockfall detection, and profiling of raster data.Moon Trek has added a new set of visualization and analysis tools include line of sight analysis (facilitating communications planning and detailed studies of solar illumination), traverse path planning, and 3D traverse path visualization tool, among others. This presentation for EGU will highlight Moon Trek’s latest tools and demonstrate their usage targeted for Lunar mission planning and exploration in this exciting Artemis era.
Quantifying the BIPV window benefit in urban environment under climate change: a comparison of three Chinese cities
Authors: yang jiachuan , Chen Liutao , Zheng Xing
Published: February 2023

Building-integrated photovoltaic technology (BIPV) has been proven as an effective way to increase renewable energy in the urban environment. Without occupying any land resources, this technology has great potentials for achieving low carbon in the economically developed cities. Due to the lack of modelling tools, the impact of BIPV window in the street canyon is not well understood. To fill the gap, we developed a new parameterization scheme for BIPV window, and incorporated it into building energy simulations coupled with a single-layer urban canyon model. Model evaluation suggests that the coupled model is able to reasonably capture the diurnal profiles of BIPV window temperature and power generation, building cooling load, and outdoor microclimate. Canyon aspect ratio, window coverage, façade orientation, and power generation efficiency are found to be the most critical factors in maximizing the power generation of BIPV windows. Simulation results of an office floor in three Chinese cities under different climate backgrounds show that Beijing has the greatest solar potential in south orientation for power generation, which is 1.5 times the power generation in Shenzhen and Nanjing. Compared to clear window, BIPV window has positive benefits when window coverage is greater than 60% in open canyon. With lighting energy saving and power generation, BIPV window consistently has positive benefits than wall materials. The benefit of BIPV windows is larger in Beijing, followed by Shenzhen and Nanjing. Under future climate forcing of year 2050, the net electricity benefit of BIPV window will be larger than 15%. Findings in this study provide guidance for BIPV application in the built environment, and cast light on the construction of sustainable and low-carbon neighborhoods.
Benthic foraminifera in the plankton: how might this impact on palaeoecological interpretations?
Authors: Hart Malcolm , Smart Christopher , Molina Giulia , Widdicombe Claire
Published: February 2023

The Western Channel Observatory (Smyth et al., 2015) was established by the Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC), with Plymouth Marine Laboratory managing the two autonomous buoys that are located to the south of Plymouth in the English Channel (Stations L4 and E1). These two locations are now monitored continually and there is regular sampling of the water column and the sea floor at Station L4. At this location, despite it being located in water with a depth of 50 m, benthic foraminifera are regularly found in the surface water plankton samples. Some of these benthic foraminifera appear to contain algal symbionts, indicating that they may have been living at the time of capture. If benthic foraminifera can be entrained in the water column, while still living, then this provides a mechanism for dispersal or migration that is much more rapid and efficient than the rate at which protists could migrate within, or on, the sediment surface. Re-colonization by foraminifera, following disturbance, could well be facilitated by this mechanism which has only rarely been reported in the literature (Murray, 1965). It is clearly limited to depths impacted by fair weather (~30 m) or storm wave base (80–100 m).Observations of vertical plankton tow (20 μm mesh) samples collected at Station L4 during the three winters (2015–2018) have shown that, following significant storms, the numbers of benthic foraminifera in the plankton tows are increased (Hart et al., 2017). Some of the specimens contain sediment, indicating that they have been picked up from the sediment surface and are in the process of being re-deposited. Such assemblage mixing has significant implications for the interpretation of both modern, and ancient, environments. Analysis of sea floor samples in the area has shown that the recorded species are from the area of Station L4 or Hillmars (in 50 m water depth) although some may have been transported from shallower-water settings by increased run-off during the storm events.Clearly, re-distribution of foraminifera in the environment might make subsequent interpretations of ecology less accurate if the ‘living’ assemblage is not identified (by staining), but in the fossil record such changes could go completely un-detected and lead to inaccuracy in interpretations of palaeoecology. Hart, M.B., Molina, G.S., Smart, C.W. and Widdicombe, C.E. 2017. The Western Channel Observatory: benthic foraminifera in the plankton following storms. Geoscience in South-West England, 14(1), 39–45. [for 2016]Murray, J.W. 1965. Significance of benthic foraminiferids in plankton samples. Journal of Paleontology, 39, 156–157.Smyth, T., Atkinson, A., Widdicombe, S., Frost, M., Allen, I., Fishwick, J., Queiros, A., Sims, D. and Barange, M. 2015. The Western Channel Observatory. Progress in Oceanography, 137, 335–341. 
Analysis of long-term variations in fair-weather PG, the positive air conductivity and conduction current density at Geophysical Observatory in Świder, Poland, and implications for the Global Electric Circuit
Authors: Odzimek Anna , Pawlak Izabela , Kępski Daniel
Published: February 2023

The ground-level potential gradient atmospheric electric field, the air conductivity, and concentration of cloud condensation nuclei have been recorded at Stanislaw Kalinowski Geophysical Observatory in Świder, Poland (52°07' N, 21°14' E), for several decades. A new digitisation project of Świder atmospheric electric data published in the observatory year books provides an opportunity to review the results of studies of the long-term variation of the electric parameters. New results of an analysis of both short-term and long-term variations in the positive conductivity and related component of the air-Earth current density are presented, and implications for the Global Electric Circuit studies using the Świder dataset are discussed. This work is supported by Poland National Science Centre grant no 2021/41/B/ST10/04448.
SoVegI: a new and efficient model coupling photosynthesis and hydraulic transport within the soil-plant continuum
Authors: Corvi Oscar , Weill Sylvain , Belfort Benjamin , Ackerer Philippe , Bonal Damien , Cuntz Matthias
Published: February 2023

Climate change impacts on forests cannot be understood without representing the hydraulic functioning of forests. In this work we present SoVegI (Soil-Vegetation Interaction model), a numerically efficient, process-based model of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, developed to represent groundwater-forest interactions under drought conditions for broadleaf and deciduous forests of Europe.The model includes (1) a single layer sun/shade model of mass and energy fluxes at the canopy scale, (2) a stomatal conductance model depending, among other things, on leaf water potential describing the direct link with soil water availability, (3) a process-based soil-root-xylem hydraulic transport scheme assuming the hydraulic transport to be analogous with water transport in a porous media, and (4) a root water uptake model representing the direct coupling between the soil and the vegetation.The novelty of the model is to present a fast and efficient numerical implementation of the hydraulic transport process within the whole soil-plant-atmosphere continuum that allows coupling with large spatial models. The porous media analogy results in a set of three coupled nonlinear partial differential equations similar to Richards’ equation for porous media in soil. The system is solved using a finite volume, time-implicit approach and an advanced iterative scheme is used to treat the non-linearity of the system.This new numerical model was successfully tested at the tree and the forest scales at two sites in northern France after being calibrated against sap flow measurements and eddy covariance data, respectively. At the tree scale, the model was able to reproduce the mid-day partial stomatal closure showing the availability of the model to catch the dynamic feedback between the atmospheric and soil water conditions. The model was also capable of reproducing the water storage pool drainage during day time and the night time replenishment, opening interesting perspectives to investigate forests’ risks to hydraulic failure. At the forest scale, the model was able to reproduce the transpiration response to the 2003 soil drought and heat wave in northern Europe with limited computational efforts. These preliminary steps open interesting research perspectives where SoVegI will be coupled with a physically-based integrated hydrologic model to assess the impact of extreme events on groundwater-forest relations.
Data-driven Attributing of Climate Events with Climate Index Collection based on Model Data (CICMoD)
Authors: Landt-Hayen Marco , Rath Willi , Wahl Sebastian , Niebaum Nils , Claus Martin , Kröger Peer
Published: February 2023

Machine learning (ML) and in particular artificial neural networks (ANNs) push state-of-the-art solutions for many hard problems e.g., image classification, speech recognition or time series forecasting. In the domain of climate science, ANNs have good prospects to identify causally linked modes of climate variability as key to understand the climate system and to improve the predictive skills of forecast systems. To attribute climate events in a data-driven way with ANNs, we need sufficient training data, which is often limited for real world measurements. The data science community provides standard data sets for many applications. As a new data set, we introduce a collection of climate indices typically used to describe Earth System dynamics. This collection is consistent and comprehensive as we use control simulations from Earth System Models (ESMs) over 1,000 years to derive climate indices. The data set is provided as an open-source framework that can be extended and customized to individual needs. It allows to develop new ML methodologies and to compare results to existing methods and models as benchmark. Exemplary, we use the data set to predict rainfall in the African Sahel region and El Niño Southern Oscillation with various ML models. We argue that this new data set allows to thoroughly explore techniques from the domain of explainable artificial intelligence to have trustworthy models, that are accepted by domain scientists. Our aim is to build a bridge between the data science community and researchers and practitioners from the domain of climate science to jointly improve our understanding of the climate system.
Tracing Arctic outflow through the Fram Strait and its interaction with North Atlantic waters
Authors: Dey Dipanjan , Marsh Robert , Drijfhout Sybren
Published: February 2023

The Arctic region is warming four times quicker than the global average, a phenomenon known as the Arctic amplification. Some studies suggested that this warming may lead to seasonally ice-free Arctic Ocean by ≈ 2050 which will have potentially devastating consequences for Arctic oceanography, marine ecosystems and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The relation between the slowdown of the AMOC and the Arctic Ocean is believed to be linked with enhanced freshwater outflow primarily through the Fram Strait which increases the stratification over sites of deep convection in the Irminger Sea. Earlier studies have also confirmed a link between deep water formation and freshwater release from the Arctic. In the current study, our objectives are to understand how and where the Arctic outflow is changing temperature, salinity and density, moving into the North Atlantic, during the historical period and in a warmer future climate. We use the Lagrangian parcel tracing algorithm, TRACMASS, to trace both the southward flows from Fram Strait and North Atlantic flows into the Nordic Sea. The results quantify how and where Arctic outflow increases temperature and salinity, and decreases density, in transit. This is primarily associated with mixing between the cold, fresh outflow and the relatively warmer, saltier Atlantic waters at Denmark Strait, despite some surface cooling in transit from Fram to Denmark Straits that is due to net surface heat loss and sea ice melting.
Future irreversible loss of Thwaites Glacier relative to global warming
Authors: Jin Emilia Kyung , Park In-Woo , Lee Hyun Joo , Lee Won Sang
Published: February 2023

The speed of West Antarctic melting is a very important factor in determining the degree of future global sea level rise. Loss of the Thwaites glacier due to global warming will have various regime changes in line with changes in the Earth system. The basal melting as a result of ocean warming can cause loss at an inhomogeneous rate across the underlying topography and overlying ice volume, while the change in precipitation from snow to rain as atmospheric warming can accelerate surface melting and trigger the irreversible loss.  In this study, the ISSM model was driven with the ocean and atmospheric forcings obtained from the CMIP6 earth system model results, and future prediction experiments were performed until 2300. As a result, the accelerated period of melting of the Thwaites glacier related with forcings and the period of irreversible loss according to the structural characteristics and degree of warming are investigated. The mechanisms and timing that cause rapid ice loss are analyzed and the tipping point at which irreversible losses are triggered has been proposed as a function of warming.
Modelling flood frequency and magnitude in glacially conditioned settings: land use matters
Authors: Tetford Pamela Elizabeth , Desloges Joseph Robert
Published: February 2023

Abstract. A reliable flood frequency analysis (FFA) requires selection of an appropriate statistical distribution to model historic streamflow data and, where streamflow data are not available (ungauged sites), a regression-based regional flood frequency analysis (RFFA) often correlates well with downstream channel discharge to drainage area relations. However, the predictive strength of the accepted RFFA relies on an assumption of homogeneous watershed conditions. For glacially conditioned fluvial systems, inherited glacial landforms, sediments, and variable land use can alter flow paths and modify flow regimes. This study compares a multi-variate RFFA that considers 28 explanatory variables to characterize variable watershed conditions (i.e., surficial geology, climate, topography, and land use) to an accepted power-law relationship between discharge and drainage area. Archived gauge data from southern Ontario, Canada are used to test these ideas. Mathematical goodness-of-fit criteria best estimate flood discharge for a broad range of flood recurrence intervals, i.e., 1.25, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years. The LN, EV1, LP3, and GEV distributions are found most appropriate in 42.5 %, 31.9 %, 21.7 %, and 3.9 % of cases, respectively, suggesting that systematic model selection criterion is required for FFA in heterogeneous landscapes. Multi-variate regression of estimated flood quantiles with backward elimination of explanatory variables using principal component and discriminant analyses reveal that precipitation provides a greater predictive relationship for more frequent flood events, whereas surficial geology demonstrates more predictive ability for high magnitude, less frequent flood events. In this study, all seven flood quantiles identify a statistically significant two-predictor model that incorporates upstream drainage area and the percentage of naturalized landscape with 5 % improvement in predictive power over the commonly used single-variable drainage area model (p < 2.2e−16). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) further supports the two-predictor model indicating a decrease in the sum of squares of residuals and an F statistic (p < 0.001) that demonstrates very strong evidence in favour of the two-predictor model (i.e., drainage area and land use) when estimating flood discharge in this low-relief landscape with pronounced glacial legacy effects and heterogenous land use.
Seasonal evolution of the supraglacial drainage network at Humboldt Glacier, North Greenland, between 2016 and 2020
Authors: Rawlins Lauren D. , Rippin David M. , Sole Andrew J. , Livingstone Stephen J. , Yang Kang
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Supraglacial rivers and lakes are important for the routing and storage of surface meltwater during the summer melt season across the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), yet remain poorly mapped and quantified across the northern part of the ice sheet, which is rapidly losing mass. Here we produce, for the first time, a high-resolution record of the supraglacial drainage network (including both rivers and lakes) and its seasonal behaviour at Humboldt Glacier, a wide-outlet glacier draining a large hydrologic catchment (13,488 km2), spanning the period 2016 to 2020 using 10 m spatial resolution Sentinel-2 imagery. Our results reveal a perennially extensive yet interannually-variable supraglacial network extending from an elevation of 200 m a.s.l to a maximum of ~1440 m a.s.l recorded in 2020, with limited development of the network observed in the low melt years of 2017 and 2018. The supraglacial drainage network is shown to cover an area ranging between 965.7 km2 (2018) and 1566.3 km2 (2019) at its maximum seasonal extent, with spatial coverage of up to 2685 km2 recorded during the early phases of the melt season when a slush zone is most prominent. Up-glacier expansion and the development of an efficient supraglacial drainage network as surface runoff increases and the snowline retreats is clearly visible. Preconditioning of the ice surface following a high melt year is also observed, with the earlier widespread exposure of the supraglacial drainage network in 2020 compared to other years; a finding that may become representative with persistent warmer years into the future. Overall, this study provides evidence of a persistent, yet dynamic, supraglacial drainage network at this prominent northern GrIS outlet glacier and advances our understanding of such hydrologic processes, particularly under ongoing climatic warming and enhanced runoff.
Sub-optimal Investments in Public Health: A Case for Persisting Poverty
Authors: Akhter Shirin , Akhter Naqvi Simin
Published: February 2023

Investment in Human capital is one of the most important variables that determine long run economic growth of an economy, even more so for low income, capital deficient, labour abundant economies. In the context of additions to value added, endowments of education and health of workers take prominence. This paper theoretically and empirically shows that suboptimal investments in health care lead to slowing down of economic growth in the long run and causes poverty and inequality to persist. This persistence of poverty can be despite rapid rates of economic growth in the short run. The paper uses endogenous growth models to argue that investments in health are necessary for long run, sustainable economic growth. It also uses secondary data to draw an overview of the public health scenario in India, bringing to fore the inadequacies of the structure and the need for a greater and more dedicated intervention by the state.
The Relevance of Food Processing Industry in Women Empowerment: A Case Study of Prayagraj District in India
Authors: Khan Adil , Singh Arun Kumar
Published: February 2023

The research article is concerned with the importance and performance of food processing industry in generating sufficient employment opportunities for female workers. A case study on a specific district brings out crucial aspects related to working conditions and struggles faced by women in these industries. The data collection and analysis are based upon the overall number of women employed. They are further categorized as per the type of employment offered to them under different kinds of industries. The findings show that the share of women in employment is much lower as compared to men. Various forms of gender discrimination are found at industrial workplaces. The lack of government support coupled with an adverse social mindset against working women is also observed in the region. The scope of entrepreneurship development is limited to SHGs. Nevertheless, FPIs could be a way forward to shift surplus women engaged in agricultural activities or construction sites to a better source of income generation while raising social status.
An Analysis of Work Life Balance and Mental Health of Women in India during Work from Home with Special Reference to IT Sector
Authors: Vijayalakshmi S. , Nirmala T. , Subasree R.
Published: February 2023

The Indian IT industry has helped place India on the world platform. With the sector’s rise has come a rise in female employment. Work-life balance is a problem that affects all genders, although it affects women more than men. Work-life balance is vital for women in the Indian IT industry because of cultural considerations and the fact that professional women in India still do most, if not all, domestic tasks. The current research explores the mental health of top female IT employees to identify their work-life balance concerns especially during working from home. The majority of respondents agreed that parental recognition and economic circumstances at home influence women’s career perspective, they disagreed that women with career growth focus are less likely to be responsible spouses, mothers, or daughters-in-law, or to take on extra family obligations. The respondents also agreed that work-life balance is tied to self-inclination as well as ambition; several of them believed that a woman who wants it would seek solutions. Working at home and balancing personal life as well is the hard task for women in India.
Criptomoeda e o sistema financeiro nacional: discutindo o debate brasileiro
Authors: Fontgalland Isabel Lausanne , Menezes Luka Tarssis Ramalho Cavalcanti Montenegro de , Félix Augusto César Trigueiro
Published: February 2023

O presente estudo tem como cerne a análise do Sistema Financeiro Nacional à luz do impacto das criptomoedas do mercado financeiro tradicional. A pesquisa é do tipo estudo de caso e teve por pergunta como as criptomoedas se estruturam no SFN, a partir de seus órgãos componentes e suas respectivas atribuições? Foram explorados os aspectos históricos do SFN, a nova lei 14.478, e as competências das entidades; destrinchando conceitos e, apresentando as instituições que fazem parte da sua abrangência, suscitando a importância de se regulamentar os ativos digitais enquanto nova modalidade de investimento surgida no mercado mundial, trazendo à baila conceitos, especificações e marcos normativos servindo de base, e delimitando o tema ora estudado. Como resultados discutiu-se o papel da nova lei 14.478 que regula as moedas digitais como meios de pagamento, reserva de valor, suas derivações e as situações adversas.
Effect of Elderly Exercise on Pain Scale in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Supriadi Dedi , Purwanti Reni , Rosmiati Rosmiati , Kusumawaty Jajuk , Firmansyah Andan
Published: February 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common articular inflammatory disease in the elderly. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic disease that typically develops slowly and is characterized by recurrent inflammation of the diarthrodial joints and associated structures. According to the Ciamis District Office, from the entire Ciamis District Health Center, 17,492 cases of rheumatoid arthritis were diagnosed. To determine the effect of elderly exercise on pain scale in patients with rheumatoid arthritis at the Ciamis Public Health Center. This research method is a pre-experimental design in the form of one group One-Shot Case Study. The population in this study were the elderly aged 45-59 years as many as 129 people. The sampling technique in this research is accidental sampling. The sample in this study were the elderly aged 45-59 years as many as 56 people. The results of the study stated that there was an influence of elderly exercise on the pain scale in patients with rheumatoid arthritis at the Ciamis Health Center, with the significance value of the Wilcoxon test results showing (P = 0.029 <0.05). This means that rheumatoid arthritis can be reduced by doing sports, one of which is by doing elderly gymnastics. Exercise that is done regularly can strengthen the muscles around the joints, reduce pain or aches, improve balance and provide more energy in the body. Conclusion is  elderly exercise can affect the pain scale of rheumatoid arthritis sufferers
Удосконалення конструкції балонів для дихальних апаратів на стисненому повітрі
Authors: Sobyna Vitaliy , Taraduda Dmutro , Dement Mukhaylo
Published: February 2023

Проведено дослідження щодо підвищення надійності, довговічності, а також зниження маси балонів для дихальних апаратів на стисненому повітрі підрозділів рятувальних служб. Розроблено конструкцію композитних балонів із повітрям під високим тиском з покращеними характеристиками, такими як міцність, проникність та забезпечення гігієнічних норм. З метою подальшої практичної реалізації запропонованої конструкції балонів проведено розрахунки, на підставі яких була підтверджена можливість і доцільність виготовлення балонів високого тиску з мінерального волокна в комбінації із в'яжучим, що відрізняється відносно низькою вартістю і технологічністю при виробництві традиційними методами. Розроблено конструкцію балона високої масової досконалості і вартості менше, ніж аналогічний металопластиковий балон; забезпечено необхідну несучу здатності балонів; визначено проникності повітря через стінку лейнера, вид та кількість виділення органічних сполук з матеріалу лейнерів в процесі зберігання балона, заправленого повітрям. Встановлено, що: балон з лейнером товщиною стінки 2,2 мм втратить герметичність через 45 діб витримки при робочому тиску 30 МПа через неякісно виготовлену прес-форму, стоншення лейнера у цьому місці до 1,3 мм; балон з лейнером товщиною стінки 4 мм при робочому тиску 30 МПа при спостереженні протягом 135 діб втратить у вазі лише 30 г. Дослідження гігієнічних характеристик балонів показало, що після витримки протягом 30 діб при температурі 20 ˚С при робочому тиску 30 МПа, в повітряному середовищі балонів були виявлені органічні речовини, що відносяться до класу аліфатичних спиртів. Дослідження доводять високу ефективність застосування композитно-полімерних балонів з метою покращення характеристик дихальних апаратів на стисненому повітрі, що підтверджує їх корисність і важливість.
Accounting Practices in A Digitalized World: Nigerian Perspective
Authors: L.K. Fijabi , O.R. Lasisi
Published: February 2023

This paper reviewed the digitalization of accounting practices with emphasis on Nigeria. The survival and competition to remain afloat in business exerted pressures on several businesses to adopt digitalization. The accounting industry is not different from other industries that lagged behind in digital innovation. This study examined the accounting practices in a digitalized world from a Nigerian perspective through a survey method; a questionnaire was administered to obtain respondents’ opinion. The hypotheses were tested and established with the use of ANOVA through SPSS version 23.0. The findings revealed that digitalization had a direct effect on accounting practices in Nigeria in the areas of audit practice efficiency in Nigeria, tax services performance in Nigeria, financial advisory performance in Nigeria, and that accounting practices have significant relationship with digitalization in Nigeria. The study recommended that professional accountants should seek more training so as to enhance their performance
Analisa Excitement dan Sincerity dengan Destination Image Sebagai Mediator di Industri Café Seaview Batam
Authors: Go Jessica , Anggraini Ratih
Published: February 2023

This research aims to tell more deeply to the general public about the fun that exists in the industry in modern times, and educate that we must keep up with the times. The implementation of the rebranding also aims to help advance the café seaview of course in the city of batam through social media accounts. Or the method of approaching the problem is done in how to collect data from the source of respondents from the questionnaire. The expected results can be useful for cafes in increasing the number of visitors who are willing to go there and can be useful for prospective visitors and provide café references that have never been visited before.
Propuesta para protocolizar el abordaje de daños emocionales en investigación con seres humanos
Authors: Valencia-Contrera Miguel , Valenzuela-Suazo Sandra
Published: February 2023

Artículo teórico-reflexivo que responde al objetivo de generar lineamientos para el abordaje de daños en el ámbito emocional en investigaciones con seres humanos. Utilizando directrices de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, de la Asociación Profesional de Enfermeras de Ontario y, como referente, a la teorista Joyce Travelbee, se genera un diagrama de flujo como propuesta para protocolizar el abordaje de daños emocionales en investigación con seres humanos, con base en la formalidad, la rigurosidad y la empatía que requiere el proceso de ayuda ante potenciales daños generados en una investigación. Esto debido a que resulta perentorio presentar guías predefinidas en cualquier investigación que, tras un minucioso análisis, presente el riesgo de compromiso emocional en los participantes.
Le bolle che non ti aspetti: un raro caso di pemfigo volgare in età pediatrica
Authors: Benelli Elisa , Demarin Giulia Camilla , Corneli Paola , Gatti Alessandro , Martelossi Stefano
Published: February 2023

A healthy 15-year-old boy in full well-being presents with multiple ulcerative lesions with an erosive appearance at the level of the oral cavity and the nasal mucosa. Two months after the onset, vesicular lesions also appear on the skin. As pemphigus vulgaris is suspected, a biopsy of the oral mucosa is performed which shows suprabasal bubbles, which confirms the diagnosis. Direct immuno-fluorescence tests show the presence of IgG against the epidermal substance and immunoserological tests detect anti-desmoglein I and III autoantibodies. Oral steroid therapy is prescribed, showing initial good symptom control. During the decalage, the lesions reappear, associated with significant difficulty in feeding and weight loss. After excluding paraneoplastic forms and other autoimmune pathologies, intravenous steroid therapy and azathioprine are started. At the follow-up after 3 months, a marked improvement of the lesions was observed, with the persistence of only a few skin vesicles. The patient has currently been on therapy for 10 months, with complete remission of the clinical picture. Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disease, rare in childhood, involving skin and mucous membranes, characterized by intraepidermal blisters with a flaccid roof. Treatment should be prompt and appropriate, using full dose corticosteroids. It is also recommended the concomitant initiation of immunosuppressant therapies to allow the steroid to be phased out. There are rare secondary forms, which must therefore be excluded at the time of diagnosis.
On Time and Tense in Aristotle
Authors: Haas Andrew
Published: February 2023

Tense is the clue to the discovery of the meaning of time. Speaking hints at thinking, and language suggests a way to conceive of philosophical concepts. Here, the universality of temporality is that out of which the grammar of tense and the concept of time first come. Temporality, however, is not simply present in tense or time. On the contrary, temporality’s way of being—like being’s—is implication: tense is implied by how the verbality of verbs can be spoken; time, by how temporal beings come to presence—just as being is implied in Greek, and many other languages. But then, the habits of modern Western language and philosophy must be radically reformed in order to learn how to imply again, and to think and speak about time and being as implications.
Parenting education programs in the Arab region
Authors: Al-Badayneh Diab , El Kahlout Dana , AbuTayeh Aydah
Published: February 2023

This paper provides an analysis of three focus group discussions (FGDs) held in Morocco, Jordan, and Oman, with a specific focus on the importance of fathers' involvement in the programs. Data is based on the 2021 Doha International Family Institute study entitled “Parenting Programs in the Arab Region” conducted by the Ibn Khaldun Center for Research and Studies, Jordan. It begins with the information currently accessible based on assessing pertinent literature on parenting education programs. Members participated in the FGDs to explore their experiences with parenting programs and how those programs affected their parenting knowledge and skills. All three focus group sessions were only attended by women, reinforcing the perception of traditional gender roles and obligations. The paper concludes with recommendations toward the promotion of fathers’ involvement in programs, such as enacting paternity and parental laws, involving religious clerics that can advocate for the importance of father involvement during Friday prayers.