bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathogenetically justified tactics of management of pregnancy with retrochorial hematoma
Authors: Sultangadzhieva K. G. , Babaeva N. N. , Egorova E. S. , Khizroeva J. Kh. , Sultangadzhiev M. G.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Retrochorial hematoma (RH) often detected during routine ultrasound examination represents one of the multiple causes resulting in early pregnancy loss. RH results from the detachment of the chorionic plate from the vertebrae of the uterine decidual membrane and may lead to complicated course of pregnancy.

Aim: to develop a differential approach to diagnose and manage pregnancy with RH.

Materials and Methods. A prospective open-ended interventional non-randomized study was conducted by enrolling 170 women. The main group consisted of 85 pregnant women with RH, which were divided into 2 groups: group I (n = 45) – patients with RH and burdened obstetric history; and group II (n = 40) – pregnant women with RH without a history of obstetric complications. The control group included 85 women with uncomplicated pregnancy. The incidence of hereditary thrombophilia was assessed by measuring rate of high thrombogenic risk mutations in the genes of factor (F) V Leiden and prothrombin (FII) G20210A; blood levels of lupus anticoagulant (LA) and anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCL), β2-glycoprotein 1 (β2-GP1), annexin V and prothrombin; ADAMTS-13; rate of low thrombogenic risk polymorphisms, prevalence and spectrum of bacterial-viral infections.

Results. It was revealed that women with RH had occasional genetic and acquired hemostasis defects as well as impaired florocenosis of the urogenital tract. Defects in the fibrinolysis system prevailed among the hereditary hemostasis defects: 75.5 % in group I, 32.2 % in group II, and 4.7 % in the control group. No decrease in the activity of natural anticoagulants – antithrombin and protein C was found. Among the acquired thrombophilic conditions, a large proportion of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) was found: 46.6 % in group I, 27.5 % in group II, and 2.3 % in the control group. Cervicitis of nonspecific etiology prevailed among dysbiosis signs: 53.3 % in group I, 47.5 % in group II and 11.7 % in the control group.

Conclusion. RG formation is a multifactorial process, which pathogenesis involves both genetic and acquired factors such as APA, especially in combination with genetic thrombophilia (FV Leiden and FII G20210A), as well as inflammatory or pro-inflammatory status. We consider that all patients with RG as well as those with former RG are indicated to undergo the above-mentioned studies. It is advisable to include tranexamic acid, progesterone, low molecular weight heparins and antibiotics in the therapy regimen if indicated.
Eric Adolf von Willebrand
Authors: Makatsariya N. A.
Published: November 2021

The article highlights historic aspects of medical and research work of the hematologist Eric Adolf von Willebrand by describing his contribution to investigating blood coagulation issues.
Pregnancy-related pelvic vein thrombosis
Authors: Schulman S.
Published: November 2021

Pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state due to pro-hemostatic changes in the activity of coagulation factors and fibrinolysis and due to progressively increasing pressure on the iliac veins from the growing uterus. Thus, it is not surprising that there is an increased risk for thrombotic events and especially in the pelvic veins. With the trauma of delivery, and particularly caesarian section, the risk is accentuated in the early days postpartum. Multiparity seems to be another risk factor, which may be due to the older age of the patient. The epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, management and prognosis of iliac, ovarian and uterine vein thrombosis will be reviewed here, with emphasis on the relation to pregnancy.
How Good is a Paleoseismic Record of Megathrust Earthquakes for Probabilistic Forecasting?
Authors: Acuña Francisco , Montalva Gonzalo A. , Melnick Daniel
Published: November 2021

Time-dependent earthquake forecast depends on the frequency and number of past events and time since the last event. Unfortunately, only a few past events are historically documented along subduction zones where forecasting relies mostly on paleoseismic catalogs. We address the role of dating uncertainty and completeness of paleoseismic catalogs on probabilistic estimates of forthcoming earthquakes using a 3.6-ka-long catalog including 11 paleoseismic and 1 historic (Mw≥8.6) earthquakes that preceded the great 1960 Chile earthquake. We set the clock to 1940 and estimate the conditional probability of a future event using five different recurrence models. We find that the Weibull model predicts the highest forecasting probabilities of 44% and 72% in the next 50 and 100 yr, respectively. Uncertainties in earthquake chronologies due to missing events and dating uncertainties may produce changes in forecast probabilities of up to 50%. Our study provides a framework to use paleoseismic records in seismic hazard assessments including epistemic uncertainties.
An Evaluation of the Timing Accuracy of Global and Regional Seismic Stations and Networks
Authors: Yang Yi , Song Xiaodong , Ringler Adam T.
Published: November 2021

Clock accuracy is a basic parameter of any seismic station and has become increasingly important for seismology as the community seeks to refine structures and dynamic processes of the Earth. In this study, we measure the arrival time differences of moderate repeating earthquakes with magnitude 5.0–5.9 in the time range of 1991–2017 at the same seismic stations by cross-correlating their highly similar waveforms and thereby identify potential timing errors from the outliers of the measurements. The method has very high precision of about 10 ms and shows great potential to be used for routine inspection of the timing accuracy of historical and future digital seismic data. Here, we report 5131 probable cases of timing errors from 451 global and regional stations available from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Management Center, ranging from several tens of milliseconds to over 10 s. Clock accuracy seems to be a prevailing problem in permanent stations with long-running histories. Although most of the timing errors have already been tagged with low timing quality, there are quite a few exceptions, which call for greater attention from network operators and the seismological community. In addition, seismic studies, especially those on temporal changes of the Earth’s media from absolute arrival times, should be careful to avoid misinterpreting timing errors as temporal changes, which is indeed a problem in some previous studies of the Earth’s inner core boundary.
International register “Analysis of Chronic Non-infectious Diseases Dynamics After COVID-19 Infection in Adult Patients (ACTIV SARS-CoV-2)”
Authors: Arutyunov G. P. , Tarlovskaya E. I. , Arutyunov A. G. , Belenkov Y. N. , Konradi A. O. , Lopatin Y. M. , Tereshchenko S. N. , Rebrov A. P. , Chesnikova A. I. , Fomin I. V. , Grigorieva N. U. , Boldina V. M. , Vaisberg A. R. , Blagonravova A. S. , Makarova E. V. , Shaposhnik I. I. , Kuznetsova T. Y. , Malchikova S. V. , Protsenko D. N. , Evzerikhina A. V. , Petrova M. M. , Demko I. V. , Saphonov D. V. , Hayrapetyan H. G. , Galyavich A. S. , Kim Z. F. , Sugraliev A. B. , Nedogoda S. V. , Tsoma V. V. , Sayganov S. A. , Gomonova V. V. , Gubareva I. V. , Sarybaev A. S. , Ruzanau D. Y. , Majseenko V. I. , Babin A. P. , Kamilova U. K. , Koroleva E. V. , Vilkova O. E. , Fomina I. Y. , Pudova I. A. , Soloveva D. V. , Doshchannikov D. A. , Kiseleva N. V. , Zelyaeva N. V. , Kouranova I. M. , Pogrebetskaya V. A. , Muradova F. N. , Omarova Y. V. , Badina O. Y. , Kovalishena O. V. , Gаlova A. E. , Plastinina S. S. , Grigorovich M. S. , Lyubavina N. A. , Vezikova N. N. , Levankova V. I. , Ivanova S. Y. , Ermilova A. N. , Muradyan R. G. , Gostishev R. V. , Tikhonova E. P. , Kuzmina T. Y. , Soloveva I. A. , Kraposhina A. Y. , Kolyadich M. I. , Kolchinskaya T. P. , Genkel V. V. , Kuznetsova A. S. , Kazakovtseva M. V. , Odegova A. A. , Chudinovskikh T. I. , Baramzina S. V. , Rozanova N. A. , Kerimova A. S. , Krivosheina N. A. , Chukhlova S. Y. , Levchenko A. A. , Avoyan H. G. , Azarian K. K. , Musaelian S. N. , Avetisian S. A. , Levin M. E. , Karpov O. V. , Sokhova F. M. , Burygina L. A. , Sheshina T. V. , Tiurin A. A. , Dolgikh O. Y. , Kazymova E. V. , Konstantinov D. Y. , Chumakova O. A. , Kondriakova O. V. , Shishkov K. Y. , Fil S. T. , Prokofeva N. A. , Konoval M. P. , Simonov A. A. , Bitieva A. M. , Trostianetckaia N. A. , Cholponbaeva M. B. , Kerimbekova Z. B. , Duyshobayev M. Y. , Akunov A. C. , Kushubakova N. A. , Melnikov E. S. , Kim E. S. , Sherbakov S. Y. , Trofimov D. A. , Evdokimov D. S. , Ayipova D. A. , Duvanov I. A. , Abdrahmanova A. K. , Aimakhanova G. T. , Ospanova S. O. , Dabylova G. M. , Tursunova A. T. , Kaskaeva D. S. , Tulichev A. A. , Ashina E. Y. , Kordukova V. A. , Barisheva O. Y. , Egorova K. E. , Varlamova D. D. , Kuprina T. V. , Pahomova E. V. , Kurchugina N. Y. , Frolova I. A. , Mazalov K. V. , Subbotin A. K. , Kamardina N. A. , Zarechnova N. V. , Mamutova E. M. , Smirnova L. A. , Klimova A. V. , Shakhgildyan L. D. , Tokmin D. S. , Tupitsin D. I. , Kriukova T. V. , Polyakov D. S. , Karoli N. A. , Grigorieva E. V. , Magdeyeva N. A. , Aparkina A. V. , Nikitina N. M. , Petrov L. D. , Budu A. M. , Rasulova Z. D. , Tagayeva D. R. , Fatenkov O. V. , Gubareva E. Y. , Demchenko A. I. , Klimenko D. A. , Serikbolkyzy S. , Zheldybayeva A. E.
Published: November 2021

.
Construcción y validación de una Escala de Motivación Lectora para Profesores de Lenguaje y Comunicación (EMLPLC).
Authors: Jodeck-Osses Mijal , Tapia-Salinas Daniela , Puente Anibal
Published: November 2021

La lectura, entendida como herramienta universal constituye un factor determinante y transversal en los aprendizajes escolares y sociales. En psicología y didáctica se acrecienta el interés por indagar acerca de las prácticas lectoras de aquellos maestros encargados de mediar este proceso, bajo el supuesto de que aquellos considerados buenos lectores, son también mejores mediadores del aprendizaje lector de sus estudiantes. Con este propósito se ha construido y validado una escala motivacional, tipo Likert, tomando como información los juicios de ocho expertos. La escala se inspira en el modelo Expectativa-Valor de Eccles y Wigfield (2002), que destacan los indicadores referidos a los hábitos de lectura de docentes en el ámbito personal y profesional. La validación de la escala se realizó mediante el procedimiento estadístico de Lawshe (1975), modificado por Tristán-López (2008), que permitió definir la pertinencia y claridad de los indicadores de Expectativa-Valor. Los resultados del estudio confirman que la escala de motivación lectora diseñada para profesores de lenguaje y comunicación, en una muestra chilena, es un instrumento válido y confiable que permite conocer las fortalezas y debilidades en el ámbito de la motivación lectora, por medio de la valoración de sus propias expectativas y el valor atribuido a la lectura.
Instructions New Technology of Color Image Encryption Based Two Improved Vigenere Laps Separated by a Genetic Mutation
Authors: Jarjar Mohamed , Hraoui Said , Najah Said , Zenkouar Khalid
Published: November 2021

This document traces the development of a new cryptosystem using two circuits ensured by a deep Vigenere classical technique improvement. This new technique employs several dynamic substitutions matrices attached to chaotic replacement functions; whose construction will be detailed. The first round will start by modifying the seed pixels based on the initial values calculated from the original image, and will be infected through the chaotic map used to overcome the uniform image problem, followed by the injection of Vigenere technology improvements. The output vector will be subdivided into three sized blocks for future application of deeply improved genetic mutations to better adapt to medicine and color image encryption. The second round will increase the complexity of the attack and improve the installed systems. Simulations performed on a large number of images of different sizes and formats ensure that our approach is not exposed to known attacks.
Socio-Cultural Field as the Factor of Youth Personalities' Social Adaptation
Authors:   Saratov State University, Tarasova L. Е.
Published: November 2021

The article presents the meaning of socio-cultural field of a personality by its ascriptive status, based on social background, economic status, place of residence and territorial belonging. It discusses the opportunity of socio-cultural field study as the factor of youth personalities’ social adaptation on the basis of dichotomy center – province (city – village). It shows that one of the most important differences of a village from a city is that a village subculture primarily remains a classical subculture of village producers – traditionalist, memorial-oriented, while a city one has clear prognostic orientations. The author marks that the process of social adaptation of the city and village youth generally depends on the conditions of socialization (city – village), varying principles of social organization and regulation of life activity of a personality, that leads to actualization of different adaptational mechanisms.
Stylistic Peculiarities of Personality Behavior Self-regulation in Late Adolescence
Authors:   Saratov State University, Papsheva L. V.
Published: November 2021

The results of the study on stylistic peculiarities of personality behavior self-regulation in late adolescence are stated. The data of analysis of psychological concepts of conscious activity and behavior self-regulation are given (after C. Sherrington, I. M. Sechenov, L. S. Vygotsky, O. A. Konopkin, V. I. Morosanova). The work concentrates on understanding of stylistic peculiarities of self-regulation as being typical for a person and most essential individual peculiarities of self-organization and controlling external and internal goal-oriented activity which consistently shows itself in different types of one. Empiric research is made on the sample of senior school children of general educational schools of Saratov (n = 180, age 15–16). Complex of methods was applied: sixteen personality factor questionnaire by Cattel, Bass - Darky questionnaire, Zung Depression Scale (adapted by T. I. Balashova), “Anxiety state” test (C. D. Spielberg, L. Yu. Khanin), “Style of behavior selfregulation” questionnaire by V. I. Morosanova; method of correlative analysis allowed pointing out the structure of self-regulation stylistic peculiarities depending on personal characteristics of adolescent. The peculiarities of interrelations between self-regulation components and a variety of personal characteristics are represented. Thus, for instance, it is typical for the adolescents with high rate of distrust to other people to carefully premeditate his/her ways of actions towards objectives, circumstantiate and expand programs under development with account of significance of the external and internal conditions of his/her activity. The applied aspect of the problem under study can be actualized by solving tasks of psychological follow-up for school children’s personal development.
Proven pulmonary aspergillosis in a COVID-19 patient: A case report
Authors: Khodavaisy Sadegh , Khajavirad Nasim , Hashemi Seyed Jamal , Izadi Alireza , Dehghan Manshadi Seyed Ali , Abdollahi Alireza , Aliramezani Amir , Sasani Elahe , Abdorahim Mahsa , Kiyaeie Reyhaneh Sadat , Khosravany Zohre , Ibrahim Getso Muhammad , Salehi Mohammadreza
Published: November 2021

Background and Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a significant clinical challenge in healthcare settings all over the world. Critically ill COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome may be at increased risk of co-infection with pulmonary aspergillosis. This study aimed to describe a clinical case of proven pulmonary aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus tubingensis in a 59-year-old man with a history of hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection.
Case report: The Covid-19 infection was confirmed by positive nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction. He had a cavitary lesion measured 20 mm in diameter with intracavitary soft tissue density in the left lung in the first chest computerized tomography scan. After 25 days, he showed two cavitary lesions in both lungs which raised suspicion of fungal infection; hence, the patient underwent a trans-thoracic biopsy of the cavitary lesion. The direct examination and culture of the biopsy material revealed Aspergillus species. To confirm the Aspergillus species identification, the beta-tubulin region was sequenced. The patient was treated with oral voriconazole.
Conclusion: This report underlined the importance of early diagnosis and management of invasive fungal infections in severe COVID-19 patients
Differentiation of Candida albicans complex species isolated from invasive and non-invasive infections using HWP1 gene size polymorphism
Authors: Salehipour Kourosh , Aboutalebian Shima , Charsizadeh Arezoo , Ahmadi Bahram , Mirhendi Hossein
Published: November 2021

Background and Purpose: The taxonomy of Candida is controversial and has undergone changes due to the investigation of the novel species. Candida africana and Candida dubliniensis are new members of C. albicans complex that are currently gaining both clinical and epidemiologic significance. This study reports the prevalence of C. africana among the strains isolated from patients, by using HWP1 gene size polymorphism.
Materials and Methods: A total of 235 yeasts confirmed as C. albicans complex based on chromogenic media and ITS-sequencing isolated from various clinical forms of invasive and non-invasive candidiasis mainly candidemia, were re-identified based on HWP1 gene polymorphisms. The Hwp1-PCR amplicons were re-confirmed by sequencing and BLAST analysis.
Results: Based on the HWP1 gene size polymorphism, 223 strains were identified as C. albicans (94.89%) from which 7 isolates produced two DNA fragments (850 and 941 bp). C. dubliniensis (n=4, 1.7%), C. africana (n=1, 0.42%) and mix of C. albicans and C. africana (n=7, 2.97%) were also identified.
Conclusion: Although C. albicans remains the most common Candida species, C. dubliniensis and C. africana are rarely found among the patient isolates. Due to limited information on the molecular epidemiology of this novel yeast, more studies using molecular methods are recommended.
Phenotypic features and molecular study of airborne Penicillium species isolated in the northern part of the Persian Gulf, Bushehr, Iran
Authors: Naeimi Behrouz , Mohsenifard Iman , Ansari Saham , Sadeghzadeh Farzaneh , Khamisipour Gholamreza , Dobaradaran Sina , Faraji Ghasemi Fatemeh , Ahmadi Bahram
Published: November 2021

Background and Purpose: The main environmental saprobes, such as Penicillium, play an essential role in natural ecosystems as economically, ecologically, and medically important microorganisms. Biodiversity of this genus has not been described in Bushehr city, Iran. The present study is based on air biodiversity of Penicillium species on culture dependent approach and culture-independent technique using partial b-tubulin sequences.
Materials and Methods: By using active sampling with a high volume air sampler, a total of 157 Penicillium isolates were selected and screened for phenotypic characters. For the purposes of the study, 46 strains representative of 11 morphological species were selected and identified by molecular analysis.
Results: Based on the findings, P. crustosum (18 isolates, 39.1%) and P. chrysogenum (15 isolates, 32.6%) were the most common isolated species, followed by P. brevicompactum, P. rubens, P. citrinum, P. italicum (each 2 isolates, 4.3%), P. olsonii, P. expansum, P. griseofulvum, P. palitans, and P. polonicum (each 1 isolate, 2.1%).Except for P. chrysogenum and P. expansum with floccose colony texture, the rest of the isolated species had velutinous texture.
Conclusion: This is the first report in southern Iran to identify a large number of Penicillium strains isolated from air samples, showing P. crustosum and P. chrysogenum as the most common isolated species.
Catastrophic Candida prosthetic valve endocarditis and COVID-19 comorbidity: A rare case
Authors: Davoodi Lotfollah , Faeli Leila , Mirzakhani Rogheye , Jalalian Rozita , Shokohi Tahereh , Kermani Firoozeh
Published: November 2021

Background and Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Candida prostatic valve endocarditis present various clinical manifestations which may overlap;hence, discrimination between them is extremely difficult.
Case report: The case was a 66-year-old man with a past medical history of mitral and aortic valves replacement one year before COVID-19 co-infection. He was admitted with fever (for 7 days), shortness of breath, cough, seizure, lethargy,headache, and 85% oxygen saturation. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed multiple large-sized, highly mobile masses on both sides of the mechanical mitral valve highly suggestive of vegetation. Chest computed tomography scanning showed simulating scattered COVID-19 peripheral ground-glass opacities confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The set of blood cultures yielded yeast colonies that were identified as Candida tropicalis. The patient died of septic shock shortly after receiving antifungal therapy.
Conclusion: This case emphasized the importance of early diagnosis and implementation of antifungal treatment, particularly in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves, to reduce their unfavorable outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
The Establishment of Legal Education in the Territory of Sevastopol. A Historical and Biographic Aspect
Authors:   Director of the Law Institute of the Sevastopol State University Honored Lawyer of Ukraine, Honored Lawyer of the Republic of Crimea LL.D., Koval Vladimir N.
Published: November 2021

The paper explores historical and social circumstances of the foundation of the Institute of Law of Sevastopol in 1919–1920, the focus being on the importance of various triggering political events, the October Revolution and the Russian Civil War (1917–1922), among others, which have influenced the birth and life of this educational institution. Further emphasis is laid on the fundamentals and significance of Russian legal education, its place in social life and emerging intellectual circles of a specific historical period. The article probes the historical and biographical contexts of the lives and fates of such seminal members of staff of the Sevastopol Law Institute as Gogel S.K. and Pashe-Ozerski N.N. At that, the biographical approach provides deep insight into how historical events like the October Revolution, the Russian Civil War, repression and emigration are interrelated and what impact they had had on society as a whole and individuals in particular. The article then goes on to explore the role and function of certain departments affiliated with the Sevastopol Law Institute, as well as its faculties and the board of trustees. It also concerns the purpose of a peasant law course specially designated as part of the Institute`s curriculum and its effects on a land reform implemented to grant the maximum possible freedom of land administration and zemstvo activities. Accomplished by General Wrangel P. N. in 1920, the reform could certainly become a landmark agricultural initiative for the future of Russia and fundamentally revitalize the social and political system.
The View of Professor O.A. Zhidkov on Legal Systems and Families
Authors:   Head of the Department of History of Law and State of the Law Institute of the Peoples` Friendship University of Russia (PFUR) LL.D., Professor, Nemytina Marina V.
Published: November 2021

The present article addressees the doctrine on legal systems and families within the frame work of the Universal History of State and Law. The writings of Oleg Andreevich Zhidkov (1931–2005), a recognized leader in this domain of scientific knowledge, are explored. The methodological scheme of legal systems and families helps in understanding ways of societal development of countries and peoples.
The Essential Link between Mythological and Legal Consciousness
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Theory of State and Law of the Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation LL.D., Professor, Malakhov Valeriy P.
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes the mythological roots of the legal consciousness both at its doctrinal and masseveryday level. The basis for the characterization of the mythological nature of the main forms of public consciousness is the dialectic of the general and individual. The result of the analysis of this dialectic is the conclusion that law-consciousness, in comparison with other forms of social consciousness associated with organizational and regulatory activities in society, is the most mythologized. The author reveals the specifics of the mythological component in the modern public legal consciousness.
The Criteria of Historical Truth in Research
Authors:   Head of the Department of History of State and Law of the Institute of Law and National Security of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA) LL.D., Professor, Lapteva Lyudmila E.
Published: November 2021

The article deals with a problem of scientific determination of the “historical truth” concept used in legislation. The question raised is the possibility of the historical truth determination within the procedure for objective truth stating by the court
Issues of Historical Legal Source Studies
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University LL.D., Associate Professor, Lonskaya Svetlana V.
Published: November 2021

The methodology of historical and legal source study as an independent direction in science is still at the stage of formation. The article substantiates the methodology of the “source-centered” approach in the humanities, an attempt is made to delimit the basic concepts of historical and legal source study, the place of carriers of historical and legal information in the general classification of sources is determined. The sides of source study problems in historical and legal research are considered.
The Establishment of Laws and the Doctrine on Criminal Liability and Punishment of Minors
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Criminal Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) LL.D., Professor, Chuchaev Aleksandr I.
Published: November 2021

The article attempts at determination of the beginning of differentiation of criminal liability and punishment of minors and infants in Russian laws, identification of tendencies in the establishment of the minimum criminal liability age (the man’s ability to commit a sin before the age of 21), characterization of punishment of the said persons depending on their age (10–14 years, 14–17 years, 17–21 years) and the essence of the misdemeanor and its gravity. Special attention is paid to “peak” situations in fixing of the criminal liability age in Soviet criminal law (from the age of 17 and 12). Besides, the author shows theoretical fundamentals of the doctrine on the age of criminal liability of infants and minors considering their full incapacity, relative incapacity and softened punishability (by A.F. Berner, A.M. Bogdanovskiy, O. Goreglyad, A.F. Kistyakovskiy, N.N. Pustoroslev, N.D. Sergeevskiy, N.S. Tagantsev, etc.).
Cuban State and Legal Subjectivity in the 19th Century: Origins and Process of Formation
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of History of State and Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Sergeev Aleksandr L.
Published: November 2021

This article is devoted to the origins of the Cuban state-legal subjectivity. The Cuban nation, which was born in the second half of the 18th century, went through a series of fundamental transformations in the 19th century, the basic result of which was the liberation from the yoke of the Spanish metropolis and the achievement of national independence. A number of social, foreign policy, and financial and economic factors contributed to this aspect. The American protectorate, however, imposed on Cuba in the form of the Platt Constitutional Amendment of 1901, did not allow the Island of Liberty to enjoy full sovereignty, which ultimately led to the victory of the Cuban Revolution of 1959.
Information Technology for Strategic Planning in Russia: Development Stages and Prospects
Authors:   Leading Research Scientist of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, LL.D., Associate Professor, Kudryashova Ekaterina V.
Published: November 2021

The implementation of information technologies for governance fist become tasks in the program documents and later start to influence the governance itself. The technologies for strategic planning followed this algorithm. Today the information technologies play serious role in strategic planning and have their legal basis. Technologies influence the direction of strategic planning development — the transfer to the government as a platform shall impact the governance. At the same time the trends of exaggerating the role of technologic solutions and attempts to shift the problems to the technologies can be identified.
On the Relevant Problems of the Constitutional Liability of Supreme Government Authorities and Officials in View of the Introduced Amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Deputy Chairperson of the State Legal Committee of the Administration of the Head of the Republic of Buryatia and the Government of the Republic of Buryatia, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Constitutional, Administrative and Municipal Law of the Buryat State University named after D. Banzarov, Honored Lawyer of the Republic of Buryatia, PhD (Law), Akchurina Anna V.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the amendments made to the Constitution of the Russian Federation from the point of view of their influence on the development of the institution of constitutional legal responsibility, the issues of constitutional consolidation of certain measures of state coercion, the emergence of new forms of implementation of constitutional and legal responsibility and possible problems of their application are examined. The aspects of the preservation of incomplete regulation of the key provisions of the grounds for the application of constitutional and legal sanctions affecting the functioning of the system of checks and balances are touched upon. At the same time, theses were put forward on the importance of the constitutional consolidation of the responsibility of judges of higher courts, the expansion of the subject and institutional composition of participants in the implementation of measures of constitutional and legal responsibility of the highest bodies of state power of the Russian Federation, the inherent tendencies towards the expansion of this legal institution and the degree of enrichment of the substantive value of the introduced innovations. The selected vectors for building state power, building relationships between them and measures of mutual responsibility, laid down by the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, are proposed for understanding.
Irrational Preferences of Investors and Their Influence on Placement of External Bond Loans of the Russian Federation on the International Capital Market
Authors:   Trainee Researcher of the Center for Financial Policy of the Financial Faculty of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Ilyanov Dmitriy S.
Published: November 2021

Due to the constant growth of competition, as well as the need to introduce innovative technologies in production processes and build a customer-oriented model, the issue of attracting additional funding is particularly acute for both the state and companies. The relevance of this article is due to the fact that the current approach of the Russian Federation to the designation of investment attractiveness cannot fully determine the basis for the trust and interest of foreign investors. This article is intended to consider the psychological aspects that affect the irrational behavior of investors and their impact on the placement of foreign bond loans of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this article is to form proposals for creating a positive investment expectation and to use this experience in Russian practice. In the process of studying this problem, general scientific empirical methods were used: data collection and study, comparison and synthesis, and the method of scientific abstraction. As a result of the study, the author came to the conclusion that in order to increase the level of investment attractiveness of domestic companies and the country as a whole, it is necessary to take into account psychological factors, as well as to improve the methodology for assessing investment attractiveness, which would take into account the expectations and «investment mood» of investors.
Class Rank: The Concept Content and Transformation in the State Civil Service Sphere in the XVIII to the XXI Century
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of State and Legal Disciplines of the Law Institute of the Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, PhD (History), Patova Elena M.
Published: November 2021

he article deals with one of the key concepts of the institute of state civil service — "class rank". Turning to the past, the author analyzes the perception of the content of the concept of "rank" in different historical epochs. It is concluded that the rank played a huge role in the XIX century and was perceived as a title that determines the status of a civil servant of the Russian Empire, a guarantee for obtaining certain material benefits. In the current legislation of the Russian Federation, the content and meaning of the definition of "class rank" differ from the understanding that was characteristic of pre-revolutionary Russia. At the same time, the preservation of this concept indicates continuity in the development of the institution of state civil service.
A Journey of a Thousand Miles Begins with a Single Step
Authors:   Chief Research Scientist of the Center for Criminal, Criminal Procedure Legislation and Judicial Practice of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, LL.D., Professor, Mikhaylov Valentin I.
Published: November 2021

The article is dedicated to the 65th anniversary of Professor Alexander Vyacheslavovich Fedorov. It provides some data about the hero of the day, names the main directions of his scientific research and gives a brief description of the works published by him. The multifaceted nature of the practical and scientific activities of A.V. Fedorov.
Educational Barriers of the Economic Security of the EAEU
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Education and Information Law of the School of Law of the Institute of Law and Management of the Moscow City University, Kulikova Tatyana B.
Published: November 2021

The object of scientific research within the framework of this article is ways of overcoming barriers and exemptions on the way of the implementation by the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union of their international obligations on the mutual recognition of education. To achieve this goal, an analysis was carried out of the reasons for the ineffectiveness of the obligations declared at the level of the integration association to recognize in one of the EAEU member states documents on education and (or) qualifications, documents on academic degrees and titles obtained in another state of the Union. The author substantiated the possibility of using the tools of professional and public accreditation of educational programs in the context under consideration, subject to expanding the territorial boundaries of its implementation and recognizing the significance of the results obtained within the integrated educational space. The proposed measures for the implementation and implementation of these instruments at the international level will ensure the effectiveness of the freedom of movement of labor within the studied integration association.
Global Initiatives and Efficiency of Business Corruption Combating Operations of the Group of Twenty
Authors:   Chief Research Scientist of the National Research Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation LL.D., Professor, Kobets Petr N.
Published: November 2021

The relevance of this issue is due to the fact that the events that began in the new Millennium in the global anti-corruption movement have further highlighted the important role of the fight against corruption in the business sector. A special role in combating corruption in the sphere at the global level is assigned to the Group of twenty — G20. In the course of the research, the author came to the conclusion that, quite positively, the functioning of the business sphere was affected by the adoption in November 12, 2010 in the city of In Seoul, the leaders of the G20 “Anti-corruption action Plan”, which for the first time openly called for a closer public-private partnership in the fight against corruption. Today, the G20 is a group of key countries with developed and emerging market economies. As major trading powers, the G20 has a special responsibility to prevent and combat corruption, create a legal and policy framework that promotes a clean business environment, and continue to assist countries in their efforts to build capacity to fight corruption. Today, the G20 sets a good example for many countries, international associations, and groups to fight corruption in business.
A Socioeconomic Analysis of Property Right Regulation
Authors:   Department Head of the International Law Institute Associate Professor of the Department of Sociology of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation PhD (Sociology), Associate Professor, Gruntovskiy Iosif I. , Moiseev Vladimir S. ,   Graduate Student of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: November 2021

The article presents the authors’ view of the issue of the relativity of property rights as a criterion that determines the basis of socio-economic interaction of individuals. The results obtained form the basis for comparing the ratio of property rights in the state and its constitution, including through the economic assessment of its stabilizing and developing functions.
On Some Issues of Countering the Falsification of Financial Accounting Documents and Reporting of a Financial Organization
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of International and Public Law of the Law Faculty of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Malakhova Veronika Yu. , Molchanova Marina A. ,   Junior Research Scientist of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: November 2021

This article discusses the severity of the problem of falsification of financial accounting documents and financial statements of a financial organization. Particular attention is paid to the criminal methods of such behavior. The significance and main directions of countering this criminal behavior are determined, first of all, through the organization of various forms of control. At the same time, the features of those forms that are implemented within the framework of individual specific organizations and enterprises are revealed.
On Ensuring the Protection of the Rights and Legitimate Interests of Persons Engaged in Entrepreneurial Activity from Criminal Encroachments
Authors:   Chief Researcher of the Research Center of the Management Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation, Honored lawyer of the Russian Federation, LL.D., Professor, Ivanov Petr I.
Published: November 2021

In the article, against the background of the implementation of the state policy to reduce undue pressure on business from law enforcement agencies, a set of measures taken by the Internal Affairs bodies and their divisions of economic security and anticorruption, to protect the property and economic interests of bona fide entrepreneurs from criminal encroachments is considered. The creation of a special structure of the ANO “Platform for Working with Entrepreneurs Appeals” leaves its mark on the daily operational and official activities of law enforcement agencies to take timely measures on entrepreneurs appeals. The paper presents the author’s classification of measures to combat economic and corruption crimes committed in the field of entrepreneurship.
Tactical Features of the Interrogation of a Suspect in the Investigation of Fraud Associated with Deliberate Failure to Fulfill Contractual Obligations in the Field of Entrepreneurial Activity
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Forensic Science of the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Zaleskina Anna N.
Published: November 2021

Interrogation is one of the main investigative actions carried out in criminal cases of fraud associated with the deliberate failure to fulfill contractual obligations in the field of entrepreneurial activity. Despite the frequency of the interrogation, in some situations it causes serious difficulties for the persons conducting it, which is explained by the specifics of the crime in question, as well as poor-quality preparation for its production. The study revealed the need for a qualitative study of the personality of the interrogated person prior to the production of an investigative action. The main list of questions has been determined in order to clarify the characteristics of the suspect’s personality, and a list of questions has been determined that can disclose information about the committed fraud, in order to establish the objective and subjective side of the crime. The article considers the tactical features of the interrogation of a suspect in criminal cases about fraud associated with deliberate failure to fulfill contractual obligations in the field of entrepreneurial activity. Focusing on practical application, tactical techniques are proposed, the use of which is advisable in conflict situations that develop during the interrogation of a suspect in the investigation of this type of fraud.
The Problem of Execution of ECHR Judgments within the Framework of the Novelties of the Constitution of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Deputy Head of the Division of the Legal Department of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation PhD (Law), Alekseeva Tatyana M.
Published: November 2021

This article is about the problem of execution international courts decisions in connection with the changes that were contributed to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020. The author believes that the review cases in view of new circumstances in connection with the violations were established by the European Court of Human Rights of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950 provisions may be significantly limited. The article states that an appeal to the European Court of Human Rights and the obligation its decisions in relation to the violating country cease to be an effective remedy.
Peculiarities of the Liability for Illegal Extraction and Circulation of Amber, Nephrite or Other Semi-Precious Stones
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law of the Law Institute of the Irkutsk State University PhD (Law), Zabavko Roman A. , Rogova Evgenia V. ,   Professor of the Department of Criminal and Legal Disciplines of the Irkutsk Law Institute (Branch) of the University of Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation LL.D., Associate Professor
Published: November 2021

In a scientific article, the authors examined in detail the main problems arising in judicial and investigative practice associated with the application of updated editions of criminal law norms, which secure responsibility for illegal circulation and unauthorized extraction of amber, jade and other semiprecious stones (Articles 191 and 255 of the Criminal Code RF). It has been established that the practice of applying these norms, even taking into account their low prevalence and rather high latency, is extremely small. According to the official data of the Judicial Department of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation for the year for the illegal circulation of jade, only one person was convicted of a crime under Art. 191 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. According to the authors, this situation is due to a number of problems associated with the legislative presentation of the elements of the offenses provided for in Art. 191 and 255 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, their inconsistency with each other, with the composition of the administrative offense under Art. 7.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, the lack of a unified approach to understanding the subject of these crimes, as well as the lack of effective methods for determining its size. In the conclusion, sufficiently substantiated measures are proposed to optimize criminal liability for these types of crimes.
The system of legal urbanology as a scientific direction of legal science
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Public Law and Legal Regulation of Management of the State University of Management LL.D., Professor, Tabolin Vladimir V.
Published: November 2021

The system of legal urbanology as a scientific direction is considered, which is a set of interdisciplinary complexes: city law, legal aspects of urban sociology, economic and legal, political and legal, environmental and legal, psychological and legal, legal foundations of urban studies, etc.
Determination of individual collective subjects of constitutional and legal relations by the territory of their functioning, including cities
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Administrative Law of the Sevastopol State University PhD (Law), Vasiliev Stanislav A.
Published: November 2021

A very difficult issue in the theory of constitutional law is the correct definition of subjects and those legal relations in which they participate. Some can be identified immediately, seeing, for example, the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation, but the state in its physical or other expression is more difficult to identify. This is despite the fact that most scientific literature is devoted to the relationship of these particular subjects among themselves. Collective subjects, some of which are such only in relation to the territory in which they carry out their functions, are very important in contemporary reality. This issue is devoted to this work.