bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ischemic Jejunitis as a Late Complication of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Kimchy Alexandra , Khambaty Fatima , Marino Gustavo
Published: January 2025

The rising prevalence of obesity has led to a substantial investment in the advancement of treatment options for the disease and its comorbid conditions including lifestyle, pharmacologic, and procedural interventions. In this study, we describe a patient with a history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass who was diagnosed with ischemic jejunitis on upper endoscopy because of the development of an internal hernia, a known late complication of bariatric surgery. This case highlights the diagnostic utility of endoscopy in postgastric bypass complications and the need for safer alternatives to surgery that have the potential to achieve significant weight loss such as bariatric endoscopic therapies.
Procedural justice and (in)equitable participation in climate negotiations
Authors: Klöck Carola , Baatz Christian , Wendler Nils
Published: January 2025

Formally, state parties are equal in all United Nations negotiations. In theory, every state, regardless of its size, economic or political power, has the same opportunities and rights to participate. Nevertheless, United Nations negotiations, such as those on climate, are often considered highly unequal in practice. Many states struggle to meaningfully engage in complex and highly technical multilateral negotiations, including because their delegations are smaller. Here we examine delegation size in United Nations climate negotiations through a procedural justice lens. Starting from normative principles of procedural justice, we argue that equitable negotiations demand the capability of all parties to send a sufficient number of delegates – around 15. Using descriptive analysis of data on delegation sizes of recent Conferences of the Parties, we then highlight that many parties in practice send smaller delegations. Based on these results, we suggest two routes for making climate negotiations more equitable: (i) providing additional resources to poor states to increase their delegation size; and (ii) trimming the overall negotiation agenda to lower the sufficiency threshold.
Educational Policy Analysis: Examining Pesantren Policies and Their Implications on the Independence of Kyai and Pesantren in the Contemporary Era
Authors: Nadhif Muhammad Mumtaz  , Alghani Evi Muafiah , Doli Witro
Published: January 2025

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the autonomy of “Kyai” (religious teachers) within Pesantren in making education policy. In examining these policies, it focuses on the evolution of teaching and the implementation of the “Asas Tunggal Pancasila” in Indonesian educational institutions, the struggles of Pesantren policies that led to the birth of Law No. 18 of 2019, and the dark side of the politicization of religion that has implications for educational policies.
Design/methods/approach – This type of research uses qualitative research with a case study of two Islamic boarding schools in East Java (research objects). Primary data sources come from observation and interview results. Secondary data sources come from library sources such as laws, scientific articles (journals), books, etc. Data collection used observation techniques, semi-structured in-depth interviews, and documentation (document analysis). Data analysis techniques used qualitative data analysis techniques, namely data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.
Findings – The research reveals that the law empowers Pesantren and Kyai to shape their institutions in alignment with societal demands, traditions, and evolving times. Though the Kyai’s independence significantly affects the Pesantren’s trajectory, it does not singularly define its identity. The law underscores the imperative for contemporary teaching methods, curriculum evolution, and infrastructure enhancement, urging Kyai to eschew rigid and authoritarian stances.
Research implications/limitations – The research has theoretical implications that two contrasting views concerning Pesantren policies’ influence on Kyai’s independence vis-à-vis political elites. Proponents (“Yes”) highlight Alignment of Interest, Empowerment and Development, and Community Engagement. Opponents (“No”) cite the Preservation of Autonomy, the potential for manipulation, and an inherent distrust of political parties.
Originality/value – The research provides direction for the complex interplay between religious education and the political domain in Indonesia.
Changes in carbon sequestration with age of trees in guava orchards at different locations in a tropical climate on Alfisols
Authors: Sipra M , Gobinda A C , Subash S C , Rupa T R , Dibya K S , Abhiram D , Ganeshamurthy A N , Bijay B K
Published: January 2025

Understanding changes in carbon (C) fluxes resulting from land-use change patterns is essential for formulating effective climate change mitigation strategies. This study conducted at two different locations focuses on the dynamics of carbon sequestration in guava orchards as a function of tree age, a land-use type that is increasingly prevalent in agricultural regions. Through comprehensive sampling in different agro-climatic zones, the carbon content stored in tree biomass, litter, weeds and soil layers was assessed, the evaluation of which provided insights into carbon levels in different environmental contexts. Carbon sequestration was observed to increase with guava orchard age, with mean carbon stocks of 106.84 t C/ha in Dhenkanal and 114.35 t C/ha in Rayagada. In guava orchards aboveground carbon accounted for 21.22% and 22.38% of total carbon sequestered per hectare at the recommended spacing of 6 × 6 m in Dhenkanal and Rayagada, respectively. Our findings provide critical baseline data on carbon stocks in guava orchards as a function of tree age, contributing to the understanding of the carbon cycle in these cultivated ecosystems. This study highlights the importance of region-specific data, and suggests future research to include guava orchards in other regions with larger sample sizes to comprehensively assess carbon sequestration potential nationwide.
Marketing channel assessment of natural rubber: Insights from Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Theoslin B T , Deepa N , Rohini A , Prahadeeswaran M , Kavitha P S
Published: January 2025

The study investigates the marketing dynamics of natural rubber in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, a traditional region for rubber cultivation in India. Utilizing a multistage random sampling method, data were collected from 150 respondents, including 120 rubber growers and 30 intermediaries, through structured questionnaires and personal interviews conducted between November 2023 and August 2024. The research aims to map the value chain of natural rubber, analyze marketing costs, margins, and price spreads, and identify production and marketing constraints faced by farmers. The findings revealed four primary marketing channels: direct sales to primary dealers, rubber producer societies, collection agents, and processing units. Each channel exhibited distinct marketing costs and efficiencies; notably, channels involving direct sales to dealers were more cost-effective for producers compared to those utilizing collection agents. However, intermediaries achieved higher margins in the latter. Key constraints identified include adverse weather conditions, fragmented landholdings, high production costs, lack of government subsidies, and inadequate access to technology. Marketing challenges such as poor standardization and grading practices exacerbate price volatility and reduce farmers' earnings. The study emphasized the need for improved marketing strategies and infrastructure to enhance the profitability of smallholder rubber farmers. By addressing these constraints through targeted interventions, stakeholders could foster a more sustainable and economically viable natural rubber sector in Kanyakumari district, ultimately benefiting the livelihoods of thousands reliant on this critical agricultural industry.
Sustainable fodder crop-feed integration practices: Impact on dairy farm economics and agricultural diversity
Authors: Renu J J , Velavan C , Rohini A , Maruthasalam S , Selvi R P
Published: January 2025

The study aimed to identify factors influencing feed purchase among dairy farmers in Tamil Nadu. The study highlights the crucial relationship between fodder crop cultivation and dairy farming economics. Local fodder crops like Hybrid Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) play a vital role in supplementing commercial cattle feed, potentially reducing feed costs by 15-20 %. Integrating sustainable fodder cultivation practices with commercial feed usage presents opportunities for improving dairy farm profitability while promoting agricultural diversity. A survey was conducted among 200 dairy farmers in the districts of Ariyalur and Perambalur to gain a deeper understanding of that consumer buying behaviour, cost of production, benefit-cost ratio, factors influence buying behaviour and constraints faced by the farmers while purchasing and using cattle feed, such as the fact that specific feeds are improperly prepared, that costs are prohibitively high and that obtaining credit to pay for feeds is difficult. Key determinants of feed choice include product-related factors, marketing, economic factors, distribution, farm and milk production, labour and Government support. It is concluded that producers, distributors and legislators have insightful information about how to raise feed quality, accessibility and affordability while also boosting the financial viability and sustainability of Tamil Nadus’ dairy industry.
Tainted by Deception: Reading Virgil’s Dido in Light of Ovid’s Dido
Authors: Wesołowska Elżbieta
Published: January 2025

The paper aims to reveal some aspects of deception and falsity in Virgil and Ovid’s famous portrayals of an unhappy Dido. Paradoxically, such a view helps us to understand not only the sophisticated game between the younger and older poet, but also the special tension existing in the structure of the image of Dido, Queen of Carthage, deceived or only abandoned by the Roman hero Aeneas.
Trawestacyjne i burleskowe kody „Eneidy” Iwana Kotlarewskiego (The Travesty and Burlesque Codes of Ivan Kotliarevsky’s Aeneid)
Authors: Nakhlik Yevhen
Published: January 2025

The article examines the relationship between the travesty and burlesque poem Aeneid (1794-1822) by the Ukrainian writer Ivan Kotliarevsky (1769-1838) and its sources – the Russian heroic-comic poem Aeneid by N. Osipov and A. Kotelnitsky and Virgil’s poem Aeneid. The codes of the comic (burlesque) travesty of the Ukrainian Aeneid are revealed: the code of three-textuality (Latin original – Russian and Ukrainian travesties), the code of Kotliarevsky’s situational and continuous approach to transforming the ancient plot and character images, the code of double textuality (occasional, according to the method of situational representation of characters, comparisons of Trojans or Latins and Rutulians to Cossacks).
O „Attysie” Katullusa słów kilka: propozycja przekładu literackiego (A Few Words on Catullus’ Attis: A Literary Translation Proposal)
Authors: Wapniarski Karol
Published: January 2025

The article presents a new literary translation of Catullus’ Carmen LXIII (De Attide) into the Polish language. The text is accompanied by a short introduction outlining the mythic history of Attis and commenting on previous Polish translations.
The impact of osteopathic recognition on multiple medical specialty residencies in a university-based setting
Authors: Nohomovich Brian , Tito Emmanuel , Baker Joanne , Gomes Theotonius
Published: January 2025

Context

In 2020, the allopathic and osteopathic residency programs were merged into a single residency system, with the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) as the sole accreditor for residencies and fellowships in the United States. As a result of this merger, osteopathic recognition (OR) emerged as a unique approach to promoting osteopathic training and practice. However, there is a lack of data on the effects of OR in residency, specifically university-based residency programs.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of OR on retaining and applying osteopathic principles in a mixed cohort of residents in a single-center setting.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study of allopathic and osteopathic-trained residents at varying years of postgraduate training in family medicine (FM), internal medicine (IM), and combined internal medicine–pediatric residencies at a single site. Participation in both the osteopathic curriculum and study was voluntary. We distributed a presurvey before the residents participated in the curriculum for that year and a follow-up 6 months later as a postsurvey. The surveys measured confidence levels based on a Likert scale and were aligned with the Osteopathic Recognition Milestones Project (ORMP). Statistical analysis with paired t tests and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted on participants who completed both surveys.

Results

We had 38 % (18/47) of participants complete both surveys. We observed significant improvements in confidence levels related to osteopathic principles (p=0.036). Residents reported statistically significant gains in their ability to conduct a literature review on osteopathic medicine (p=0.0288). Additionally, there was a trend toward significance in confidence levels regarding the patient’s perception of touch (p=0.0741) and the osteopathic treatment plan (p=0.0635). Notably, content knowledge was significantly improved (p=0.0313) for all participants. Based on the postsurvey responses, we discovered that participants who not only reported higher confidence overall but also had practiced osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in the last month were more likely to state they would practice osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) after residency.

Conclusions

We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess the effects of OR utilizing surveys aligned to the ORMP. We identified knowledge- and confidence-level gains on osteopathic principles and practice (OPP) in a single-center study. Residents in OR are more likely to utilize OMT after residency.
The crystal structure of catena-poly((μ
2-1,3,5-tri(1H- imidazol-1-yl)benzene κ2
N:N′)-bis(4-hydroxbenzoato-κ1
O)-zinc(II) monohydrate), C29H24N6O7Zn
Authors: Chen Wentao , Lai Zhongjie , An Hangyi , Luo Yani , Wang Airong , Li Yan , Li Jiaming
Published: January 2025

C29H24N6O7Zn, monoclinic, Cc (no. 9), a = 10.8388(9) Å, b = 20.8648(12) Å, c = 13.0363(13) Å, β = 111.921(11)°, V = 2735.0 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0406, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0946, T = 298.15 K.
The crystal structure of 1,1′-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine-1,4-diyl)bis(ethan-1-one), C12H18N2O2
Authors: Wang Yuwen , Cui Ruolin , Zhang Chunteng
Published: January 2025

C12H18N2O2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.2113(4) Å, b = 11.9224(6) Å, c = 11.4469(4) Å, β = 96.413(2)°, V = 1249.24(9) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0589, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1869, T = 655 K.
„Alig szabadultam ki a szerbek fogságából, már le kellett mennem a szerbek közé, de mégis lementem, mert lelkiismeretem nyugodt volt.”
Authors: Zsolt Vörös
Published: January 2025

The reminiscence published in this study originates from Janos Ete, who played a major role in the local public administration of Baranya County during the First World War and the subsequent Serbian occupation (1918–1921). One can well reconstruct the Hungarian public administration’s operation in the area, and how life became increasingly hopeless during the war through Ete’s remembrance. János Ete did not hide his worldview, neither his opinion about the Serbian occupiers. The occupiers considered him as a dangerous person to their aspirations, for which they interned him to Valjevo, in western Serbia. In his reminiscence, he recorded the narrative of the internment in detail. Outside of the war conditions, the story of the individuals interned from Mohács to Valjevo can be explored with the guidance of this document, which topic – the internment of Valjevo – constitutes a signifi cant part of my previous research. János Ete could write the undermentioned reminiscence during the final section of his life, throughout the 1960s, when he predominantly conducted local historical and ethnographical research in Mohács and the surrounding area. The document can be found in the Local Historical Database of the Kanizsai Dorottya Museum in Mohács.
határhelyzetből adódó lehetőségek és korlátozó tényezők vetületei Magyarország és a szomszédos országok példáján
Authors: Horeczki Réka , Lados Gábor , Nagy Dávid
Published: January 2025

Az Európai Unió fejlesztéspolitikájában kiemelt szerep jut a határ menti együttműködéseknek, ahol az érintett felek, a határ menti városoktól és régióktól kezdve az Európai Területi Társulások vagy akár az eurorégiók is lehetnek. Az integrációs folyamatban a határok szerepe folyamatosan elmosódik, a nemzetállamok mellett a határrégiók megerősödése is megfigyelhetővé vált. A demokratikus helyi és regionális struktúrák, valamint az azonos érdekeltségű határ menti lokális és regionális kooperációk tovább mélyítik a decentralizációs folyamatokat. Az EU-s pénzügyi támogatások jelentős mértékben elősegítették a határ mentén intézményesült együttműködések létrejöttét és fennmaradását. Azonban megfigyelhető a támogatási folyamat egy negatív hatása is, a támogatott projektek idején létrejövő partnerségek a források elmúltával gyengülnek, megszűnnek. A tanulmány megírását két kérdés felmerülése indította el: mely tényezők vezethetnek az együttműködéshez és melyek az érdekeltség megszűnéséhez? A stratégiai partnerségek kiépülése erőteljesen kötődik egyénekhez, kulcsintézményekhez, ezen személyek összefogási hajlandóságához, kapcsolati hálójához és belső motivációihoz. A magyar határszakaszokon a közös történelmi örökség elősegítheti a kooperációt?
A térségi és települési együttműködések alaposabb megismeréséhez Magyarország és a szomszédos országok tekintetében a tanulmányban egy 2015-ben zajlott Eurobarometer és egy 2018-ban történt kérdőíves felmérés eredményei kerülnek ismertetésre1. A felmérésekben a lakosság körében lekérdezésre került a határmenti, települési kooperáció, az együttműködési hajlandóság és a kapcsolatok aktivitása. A határszakaszokon található kooperációs attitűdök bemutatása arra kíván választ találni, hogy a Magyarország mely határszakaszán a legaktívabbak ezen kapcsolatok és milyen okok húzódnak e folyamatok mögött.
Palóc út szerepe és jelenlegi helyzete Palócföld vidéki turizmusában
Authors: Remenyik Bulcsú , Feketéné Benkó Kata , Szabó Lajos , Balogh Andrej , Vetró Richárd
Published: January 2025

A 19. és a 20. században az élő hagyomány alapján a palócnak tartott szűkebb csoport nyelvjárásával, kultúrájával hasonlóságot mutató táj környezetére egyre inkább alkalmazták a palóc kifejezést. A Palócföldön élőket nyugati-, közép-, és keleti palócokként tartották számon. Kutatási kérdésként a következőt fogalmaztuk meg: Van-e különbség a demográfiailag eltérő csoportok turisztikai igénye között? Autentikussá váltak-e a tematikus út egyes attrakciói?
A Palóc út ismertségével és szálláshelyeivel kapcsolatban felmérést végeztünk Nógrád vármegye északi részén 180 helyi lakos megkérdezésével.
A turisták által igénybe vett falusi szálláshelyeken az idilli, autentikus környezet egyértelműen a legfontosabb adottság, a válaszadóknak közel a fele választ a környezet alapján falusi szálláshelyet. A falusi szálláshely kiválasztása során az ár-érték arány, az elhelyezkedés és a megközelíthetőség került az első három helyre, de fontosnak tartották a külső megjelenést is. Nehéz egyértelműen megállapítani, hogy a vendégek többsége a modern vendégházat vagy az autentikus parasztházat részesítik-e előnyben. Ezt bizonyítja, hogy a piacon mindkét típusú szálláshelyből magas számban találunk kiadott vendégházat. Annak ellenére, hogy a koronavírus-járvány miatt a biztonsági tényező felértékelődött az utazások során, a kérdőív kitöltőinek több mint egyharmada számára kevésbé számított a biztonság. Továbbá felmérésre került a megkérdezettek körében a palóc gasztronómia és népszokások ismerete és az igénybe vehető szolgáltatások osztályozása is.
jogszabályi és intézményrendszeri változások hatása Nagykanizsa közművelődésére a rendszerváltástól napjainkig
Authors: Kománovics Alexandra
Published: January 2025

A közművelődési intézmények, mint a nonformális tanulás színterei számos kulturálódási lehetőséget kínálnak a különböző generációk számára. Ezen a kulturális területen is számos változás történt az évtizedek során. A rendszerváltást követően a közművelődésben dolgozók többsége várta, hogy a kulturális szektor ezen szegmense is átstrukturálásra kerül majd, mind törvényi szabályozás, mind intézményrendszer tekintetében, hiszen a szférára ekkor még az 1976. évi V. törvény vonatkozott. Több, mint 20 év várakozás után született csak meg az új, az 1997. évi CXL. törvény a muzeális intézményekről, a nyilvános könyvtári ellátásról és a közművelődésről. Ezt követően ismét 20 évet kellett várnia a szakmában dolgozóknak ahhoz, hogy 2017-ben történjen egy újabb jelentős törvénymódosítás, s most 2024-ben van kialakulóban az új kulturális törvény, amely előreláthatólag 2025. január 1-jén lép hatályba. A tanulmány kísérletet tesz a közművelődés jogszabályi és intézményrendszeri változásainak áttekintésére a rendszerváltástól napjainkig és vizsgálja ezen változások hatásait a Nagykanizsai közművelődési életre vonatkozóan. Mélyrehatóan a város legnagyobb és legmeghatározóbb közművelődési intézményét, a Kanizsai Kulturális Központot és annak főbb történeti fordulópontjait elemzi. Röviden betekintést nyújt a közművelődés jelenlegi helyzetébe, taglalja a főbb problémákat és részletesen ismerteti nagykanizsai kulturális közösségre vonatkozóan a Nemzeti Művelődési Intézet tevékenységét is.
Pincehelyi pille
Authors: Zádori Iván , Nemeskéri Zsolt , Kriston-Vízi József , Kis-Pongrácz Tamás
Published: January 2025

A Pincehelyre és a környező településekre jellemző pille-viselet több szempontból figyelemreméltó. A pille története jól illusztrálja a hagyományos paraszti viseletelemek folyamatos változását és fejlődését, mivel a pille a korábbi viseletelemek tovább fejlődéseként csak a 20. század első évtizedeiben alakult ki abban a formában, ahogyan ma is ismerjük. Ez az organikus fejlődés azonban az 1950-es években megtörik, amikor az egyes közösségek elhagyják hagyományos viseletelemeiket, és a pille, más hagyományos ruhaviseletekhez hasonlóan, kikopik a mindennapi használatból. Ezt követően megindul egy új folyamat, a beöltözés, amely bár az eredeti funkcióktól eltérően, de mégis biztosítja, hogy ez a különleges viselet ne tűnjön el teljesen, és megmaradjon a következő generációk számára.
Kutatásunk során helytörténeti és néprajzi forrásokat használtunk, valamint interjút készítettünk a Pincehelyért Egyesület vezetőivel is. Az Egyesület munkájának fontos eredménye, hogy a pille-viselet napjainkra jelentős kulturális szimbólummá válik, amely összeköti a közösséget hagyományaikkal, és helyi és nemzetközi szinten is egyre nagyobb figyelmet kap.
laboratóriumtól a civil társadalomig
Authors: Koltay Tibor
Published: January 2025

Bár egységes, elfogadott meghatározás híján az adatműveltségnek számtalan válfaja és elnevezése van, az adatok fontossága okán egyre többen foglalkoznak jellemzőivel. Felhasználása a kutatásban és az oktatásban sokrétű és ma már számos, részben kritikai típusa is van, de hagyományos megközelítései is jelen vannak. Az adatok létrehozása és felhasználása feltételezi, hogy ismerjük forrásaikat és azokat értékelni és elemezni is tudjuk. Az adatok számos válfaja és azok felhasználása ma már része életünknek. Ebben az írásban azonban főként a tudományos kutatást, az oktatást, és az állampolgárok igényeit szolgáló adatok kapnak figyelmet. Ezekkel az adatokkal szemben általános követelmény, hogy mindig etikus módon használjunk minden adatállományt, még akkor is, ha tudjuk, hogy az adatműveltségnek nincs egységes, elfogadott meghatározása. Mindezt figyelembe véve egyre többen elfogadják, hogy az adatok fontosak és értékesek, ami azt is eredményezi, hogy többet kell foglalkoznunk azzal, amelyet összefoglaló jelleggel adatműveltségnek nevezünk, viszont viszonylag kevés esetben szerepel a hazai szakirodalomban, ezért a következőkben főként idegen nyelvű forrásokra támaszkodunk.
gyerekek művelődésével törődni kell"
Authors: Farkas, K. Claudia
Published: January 2025

A gyermekkortörténeti kutatások a gyermekség múltjának feltárására törekednek, a gyermek életét és körülményeit emelik tudományos kutatás tárgyává. A gyermekkor megismerésének procedúrájában lényeges szerepet tölt be a nevelési-oktatási intézmények vizsgálata (Szabolcs, 2011), melyek a gyermekkultúra közvetítő rendszerének is szerves részei (Bús, 2013).
A tanulmány célja, hogy bővítse az ún. szocialista időszak gyermekkoráról szóló tudást, közelebbről a Magyarországon az 1970-es évtized első felében az alsófokú oktatásban részt vevő gyermekek életéről, kultúrájáról való gondolkodást, „A Tanító” című pedagógiai folyóirat 1970-1975 közötti lapszámainak vizsgálata alapján. A kutatás arra keres választ, hogy léteztek-e az iskola által kiemelten kezelt kulturális és nevelési területek, mely szféra élvezett prioritást és milyen pedagógiai célokkal, jellemzőkkel. A témafelvetés újszerű, kevés információ áll rendelkezésre a felvetett problémáról a megadott korszakra vonatkozóan.
A vizsgálat primer („A Tanító” folyóirat) és szekunder forrásokra épül, metodológiai szempontból kvalitatív szemléletű, deduktív megközelítésű, feltáró és magyarázó jellegű, a dokumentumelemzés módszerével él. Megállapítást nyert, hogy a vizsgált periódusban az iskola által kiemelten kezelt területet jelentett a gyermekek olvasóvá nevelése és művészeti nevelése, megvalósításuk több síkon, a gyermekkultúra közvetítő rendszerén keresztül, új módszerek és felvetések bevonásával történt. Az „olvasó ifjúság” nem csupán pedagógiai, de társadalmi célkitűzésként manifesztálódott. Sokszínűen valósult meg a gyermekek művészi ízlésformálása, felismerték személyiséget építő hatását és a környező világ megértésében játszott szerepét.
A tanulmány szélesíti a szocialista időszak gyermekkortörténetének értelmezési kereteit, új tanulságokkal szolgál és megismertet korabeli oktatási módszerekkel, melyek továbbgondolhatóak a jelenben.
O OFÍCIO DO ANTROPÓLOGO: etnografia em contexto de perícia
Authors: Salaini Cristian Jobi
Published: January 2025

Os contextos de perícia antropológica evidenciam um complexo quadro social, repleto de agentes e nuances que nem sempre são contemplados no texto do laudo ou do relatório técnico. Discutir as vicissitudes do trabalho de campo e da etnografia nestas situações produz um alargamento conceitual tanto da maneira como interpretamos os trabalhos técnicos, como também do próprio universo da antropologia social. Busco evidenciar como a variabilidade de contextos etnográficos desafia qualquer tentativa de operação dedutiva simples tendo como referência a categoria quilombo. Parto de premissa acerca da existência de um diálogo criativo entre os casos empíricos, operações classificatórias oficiais e as categorias antropológicas. O aparato legal que rege a questão quilombola (artigo 68 do Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias da Constituição Federal e suas derivações infraconstitucionais) funciona como enquadramento fundamental de produção identitária destes grupos sociais, não se apresentando, contudo, como o único. Neste sentido, existem diferentes enquadramentos que dialogam com as historicidades dos grupos e que produzem uma dinâmica classificatória de natureza complexa.
DILEMAS E TENSÕES NA ELABORAÇÃO DE UM DOCUMENTO: Considerações Acerca de uma Bolívia Plurinacional
Authors: De Souza Fabrício Antonio
Published: January 2025

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender a ideia de refundação, descolonização e de segunda república com que foi promulgada a nova Constituição boliviana, produzida no escopo do movimento denominado Novo Constitucionalismo Latino-Americano. Elucidando os conflitos que fazem parte do pano de fundo da promulgação de documentos oficiais (em nosso caso específico, a Constituição). Este processo histórico, político, cultural, social e econômico abre espaço para o surgimento de um protagonista que sempre viveu à margem histórica na Bolívia, o indígena, que levanta a bandeira da Bolívia enquanto um Estado Plurinacional. Como método de trabalho, utilizamos a análise de documentos, no caso específico, a Constituição boliviana. Apontando que o trabalho visa contribuir para reflexão sobre os desafios e as potencialidades da etnografia de documentos a partir de trabalhos de campo realizados em repartições burocráticas ou entre sujeitos, grupos e movimentos que por elas transitam ou com elas interagem. Visto que a escrita e os documentos são tecnologias e objetos centrais nas burocracias, estes passam a ser também artefatos etnográficos especialmente rentáveis em pesquisas que, de alguma maneira, lidam com este tipo de organização.
ENTRE FILHOS DE SANTO E OPONENTES: o conflito sucessório no extinto Terreiro da Gomeia (Duque de Caxias/RJ)
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo
Published: January 2025

Por meio de dados etnográficos, orais e periódicos analisados, o artigo versará sobre o conflito sucessório ocorrido, a partir do ano de 1971, no Terreiro da Gomeia (Duque de Caxias/RJ), pertencente à tradição Angola do Candomblé. O local era comandado pelo migrante baiano Joãozinho da Gomeia (ou Tata Londirá), grande liderança afro entre as décadas de 1940 a 1970. O conflito formou-se a partir de alas contrárias a sucessão e buscou indicar suas próprias lideranças, demonstrando uma quebra no poder do rito de consulta e de descendência no terreiro. A partir do referencial teórico de Victor Turner, faremos uma análise etnohistórica do caso, o que permite uma melhor compreensão do fato.
ARTEFATOS COMO SUPORTES DE MEMÓRIA NA CONSTRUÇÃO DA MASCULINIDADE NO PAMPA SUL-RIOGRANDENSE
Authors: Bilhalva Liza , Bonow Rodrigues Marta
Published: January 2025

Este texto tem por objetivo apresentar uma possibilidade de compreensão sobre como os homens do campo na região do pampa sul-riograndense constroem suas masculinidades, tanto no ambiente rural, como nos fluxos migratórios para as cidades, especialmente a partir da cultura material que permeia esse universo. Pensa-se, aqui, sobre as experiências que ultrapassam temporalidades e espacialidades, buscando se constituírem como sujeitos campeiros nos processos de transformação e dinamismo sociocultural.
Amyloid-β-Driven Synaptic Deficits Are Mediated by Synaptic Removal of GluA3-Containing AMPA Receptors
Authors: Reinders Niels R. , van der Spek Sophie J. F. , Klaassen Remco V. , Koymans Karin J. , MacGillavry Harold D. , Smit August B. , Kessels Helmut W.
Published: January 2025

The detrimental effects of oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) on synapses are considered the leading cause for cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. However, through which mechanism Aβ oligomers impair synaptic structure and function remains unknown. Here, we used electrophysiology and amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) imaging on mouse and rat neurons to demonstrate that GluA3 expression in neurons lacking GluA3 is sufficient to resensitize their synapses to the damaging effects of Aβ, indicating that GluA3-containing AMPARs at synapses are necessary and sufficient for Aβ to induce synaptic deficits. We found that Aβ oligomers trigger the endocytosis of GluA3 and promote its translocation toward endolysosomal compartments for degradation. Mechanistically, these Aβ-driven effects critically depend on the PDZ-binding motif of GluA3. A single point mutation in the GluA3 PDZ-binding motif prevented Aβ-driven effects and rendered synapses fully resistant to the effects of Aβ. Correspondingly, proteomics on synaptosome fractions from APP/PS1-transgenic mice revealed a selective reduction of GluA3 at an early age. These findings support a model where the endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of GluA3-containing AMPARs are a critical early step in the cascade of events through which Aβ accumulation causes a loss of synapses.
Partially Observable Markov Models Inferred Using Statistical Tests Reveal Context-Dependent Syllable Transitions in Bengalese Finch Songs
Authors: Lu Jiali , Surendralal Sumithra , Bouchard Kristofer E. , Jin Dezhe Z.
Published: January 2025

Generative models have diverse applications, including language processing and birdsong analysis. In this study, we demonstrate how a statistical test, designed to prevent overgeneralization in sequence generation, can be used to infer minimal models for the syllable sequences in Bengalese finch songs. We focus on the partially observable Markov model (POMM), which consists of states and the probabilistic transitions between them. Each state is associated with a specific syllable, with the possibility that multiple states may correspond to the same syllable. This characteristic differentiates the POMM from a standard Markov model, where each syllable is linked to a single state. The presence of multiple states for a syllable suggests that transitions between syllables are influenced by the specific contexts in which these transitions occur. We apply this method to analyze the songs of six adult male Bengalese finches, both before and after they were deafened. Our results indicate that auditory feedback plays a crucial role in shaping the context-dependent syllable transitions characteristic of Bengalese finch songs.
Voxel-Based Lesion–Symptom Mapping Localizes Residual Visual Function in Hemianopia
Authors: Willis Hanna E. , Hameed Junaid , Starling Lucy , Kaltenbach Carina , Moore Margaret Jane , Khan Amirah , Maxwell Rachel , Tamietto Marco , Ajina Sara , Bridge Holly
Published: January 2025

Damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) results in visual field deficits on the contralateral side of the world corresponding to the damaged region. Patients with such loss nonetheless show varying residual vision within this apparently blind region, with the neural mechanisms underlying this ability obscured by small study populations. We identified lesions on structural scans from 39 patients (12 female) with hemianopia and occipital lobe damage. We estimated the proportion of damage throughout the visual cortex and correlated this with performance in up to three different tests of residual vision in the blind field. We then performed voxel-based lesion–symptom mapping (VLSM) to determine the precise neural regions associated with residual vision. V1 damage did not show a relationship with residual vision measured with any task, although the extent of damage to V4 and hMT+/V5 both correlated with the ability to detect contrast-modulated stimuli. Indeed, damage to hMT+/V5 severely impacted performance across all three tasks, particularly motion detection. Although hMT+/V5 appeared necessary for residual vision, some patients with intact hMT+/V5 had no residual vision, indicating this area alone was not sufficient. VLSM revealed that damage to the optic radiation laterally was most highly associated with poor residual vision. Thus, VLSM indicates that hMT+/V5 and the optic radiation specifically are critical for residual vision in hemianopia.
Ghrelin Recruits the Endocannabinoid System to Modulate Food Reward
Authors: Edwards Alexander , DeSante Stephanie , Spencer Carl Duncan , Hyland Lindsay , Smith Andrea , Sankhe Aditi S. , Szilvásy-Szabó Anett , Fekete Csaba , Hill Matthew N. , Chee Melissa J. , Abizaid Alfonso
Published: January 2025

Ghrelin enhances feeding by activating the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). In the brain, GHSRs are expressed in regions responsible for regulating food motivation including the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Endogenous cannabinoids also promote food-seeking behaviors through the cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB-1Rs) in brain regions including the VTA. It is not known, however, if ghrelin and endocannabinoids interact in the VTA to produce these effects. We therefore examined if GHSR and CB-1R interact within the VTA to enhance food motivation. Results show that GHSR and CB-1R mRNA are expressed in the VTA cells in male and female rats and mice, with the GHSR being expressed in dopamine cells and the CB-1R being expressed primarily in nondopaminergic cells with no obvious sex differences. Ghrelin directly activated and increased excitatory tone onto dopamine cells of male and female mice. Male rats lacking fully functional GHSR signaling showed disrupted gene expression of transcripts important for regulating the synthesis, release, and degradation of endocannabinoids and lowered the levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) within the VTA. Moreover, pharmacological antagonism of VTA CB-1Rs attenuates the orexigenic and appetitive effects of intra-VTA ghrelin in rats and blocks the ability of ghrelin to promote excitatory drive to VTA dopamine neurons. Finally, blocking the breakdown of cannabinoids in the VTA enhances the effects of ghrelin on food motivation. Together, our data show that ghrelin stimulates VTA dopamine cells and ultimately food motivation in part through a mechanism that involves endocannabinoid signaling at the CB-1R.
Development and Application of Innovative Liberal Arts Education: Experience-Oriented and Student-Designed Liberal Arts
Authors:   Korea Assoc Hum Develop, Kwon Kinam
Published: January 2025

This study examines the impact of liberal arts education on the competency enhancement of college students, focusing on experience-oriented liberal arts and student-designed liberal arts at O University. We utilized the data from the core competency diagnostic survey conducted for freshmen in 2022, and conducted a paired-sample t-test on the results before and after completing the experience-oriented liberal arts curriculum. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, self-understanding ability of college students improved after completing experience-oriented character education. Second, problem-solving ability and digital literacy ability of college students improved after completing experience-oriented creative education. Third, problem-solving and communication skills of college students improved after completing the student-designed liberal arts program. Based on these results, we discuss specific ways to improve the competencies of college students based on experience-oriented and student-designed liberal arts education.
Od komizmu nowoczesnego do ponowoczesnego
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Sidoruk Elżbieta
Published: January 2025

The paper discusses the book by Tomasz Mizerkiewicz devoted to the phenomenon of humour in the Polish literature of the 20th and 21st centuries. Evaluating highly historical-literary merits of the work, the author draws attention to the need of a more precise defining the relation between humour, satire, comicality and grotesque. She also points to Mizerkiewicz marginalizing the satire resulting from understanding it in an exceedingly narrow sense.
Miasto jako teatr. Obraz Londynu we wczesnych zapiskach podróżnych Władysława Stanisława Reymonta
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Kochanowski Marek
Published: January 2025

Władysław Stanisław Reymont’s Notatki podróżne is the notes from the writer’s journey abroad in 1894. In the present paper the author analyses the ways of organizing semantics of the notes, which are connected with theatricalizing the writer’s own experience and perceiving the reality in the categories adequate for the theatrical stage. The main strategy Reymont employs is the role of the spectator, who presents described cities (Berlin, London, Paris) in the categories adequate for the theatre; the world is a spectacle of various kinds of behaviours and characters taking part in a number of performances. In this way the writer sets his own narration in the framework of the centuries-old, cultural metaphor, which says that the world is a theatre.
Modelos alternativos para la distribución porcentual de niveles de avance en proyectos de investigación
Authors: Dios-Castillo Christian Abraham , González-Palacio Liliana , Chávarry-Chankay Mariana , Carrión-Barco Gilberto
Published: January 2025

Introduction. There is a need to standardize the percentage distribution of research project progress levels. The research problem is: How can a percentage distribution of research project progress levels be designed, considering qualitative criteria? The general objective is to develop alternative models of percentage distribution of research project progress levels while considering qualitative criteria. Methodology. The study employed a descriptive-projective level of methodological development. The unit of analysis comprised descriptive, correlational, or explanatory research projects conducted by university faculty, with a total population of 126 projects. The research design was descriptive-longitudinal, utilizing documentary analysis as the data collection and analysis technique. A documentary analysis form was used as the instrument, and data processing was conducted quantitatively by calculating the percentage progress levels for each project. Results. Three models were developed for determining the progress levels of research projects, incorporating different criteria of percentage distribution, which can be considered for measuring results. Discussion. There is a logical relationship between the fundamental components of a strategy, enabling its effective development and impact on the results achieved. Measuring the effectiveness of a strategy requires integrating the achievement of specific objectives into the general objective. Therefore, it is important to consider a hierarchy of indicators to understand each phase’s contribution to achieving each specific objective; this includes determining the percentage of contribution to the project’s progress.
Idololatria Vilnensis: The Confessional Debates of Jesuits and Protestants on Sacred Images in the 16th Century Lithuania
Authors: Riklius Tomas
Published: January 2025

Despite the abundance of theological treatises in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the late 16th century, only five of the eighty-six known titles deal with the use of sacred images and reveal the opposing sides of Catholics and Protestants in such confessional debates. The Protestant perspective is represented by Andrzej Wolan’s 1583 treatise ‘An Attack on the Idolatry of the Loyolites of Vilnius’, which relies primarily on theological arguments to criticise the Catholic practice of using sacred images. Wolan’s critique, while rooted in theology, also touched on the Renaissance humanist perspective on aesthetics to question the sensual appeal of Catholic sacred art. In response, the Catholic theologian Andrzej Jurgiewicz defended the use of sacred images, emphasising their role as visual witnesses of Catholic tradition in a post-Tridentine aesthetic paradigm. This article analyses these theological and aesthetic arguments of Wolan and Jurgiewicz found in treatises representing Catholic and Protestant positions in the polemical debates on the use of sacred images in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the late 16th century.
The Ancient Greeks in the Thought of Arvydas Šliogeris: The Ambiguity of Reception
Authors: Škėmaitė Gintarė
Published: January 2025

This article examines Šliogeris’ engagement with the Ancient Greeks, focusing on the mature phase of his philosophy, where the concepts of Nihil and Presence are fully articulated. From the outset, Šliogeris’ reception of the Greeks is marked by a distinct ambivalence, oscillating between deep admiration and sharp critique. In this case, rather simultaneous ambiguities of direction are identified, reflecting not just temporal or semantic divides but also an intrinsic tension within his thought. The article analyses the sources of this interpretive instability, questioning what underlies Šliogeris’ positive and negative perspectives on the Greeks and exploring whether these modes hold equal weight or if one predominates. It argues that Šliogeris’ understanding of the Greeks reflects the ambivalence of his central concepts – Nihil and Presence, which represent opposing qualities. For Šliogeris’, the essence of being human lies in being “in between” these conflicting forces. The Greeks, as an early culture, exemplify the interplay of Nihil and Presence in its most genuine form. Therefore, the reception of the Greeks supports Šliogeris’ philosophical theory. This effect stems from the specifics of his thinking; he approaches it with passion and is unafraid of incoherence or repetition.
Tailored feminising hormone therapy and breast development: a real-life experience in a referral center cohort of Eastern India
Authors: Majumder Anirban , Mukherjee Poulomi , Roy Chaudhuri Soumyabrata , Chatterjee Sudip
Published: January 2025

Individuals with gender incongruence seeking gender affirmation as female (transgender women) may pursue hormonal and/or surgical gender-affirming interventions. Breast augmentation, the surgical procedure, though available, is associated with complications and prohibitive costs.
Effects of Xanthohumol supplementation on growth performance and carcass traits of rabbits
Authors: Zigo František , Farkašová Zuzana , Lacková Zuzana , Récky Andrej , Ješík Jakub , Arpášová Henrieta
Published: January 2025

This study evaluated the effects of xanthohumol (XN) supplementation's effects on growth performance and carcass traits in rabbit diets. Two groups of silver and chinchilla crossbred rabbits were fed pellets enriched with either 0.5% or 1.0% XN during a 63-day fattening period.
Роль мікроРНК у посттранскрипційній регуляції генів, або як крихітні черви спричинили значний прорив у генетиці
Authors: Романюк Світлана Іванівна , Комісаренко Сергій Васильович
Published: January 2025

Нобелівську премію з фізіології або медицини у 2024 р. присуджено двом американським вченим: професору медичної школи Массачусетського університету у Вустері Віктору Амбросу (Victor Ambros) і молекулярному біологу Массачусетської лікарні, професору генетики в Гарвардській медичній школі в Бостоні Гері Равкану (Gary Ruvkun) «за відкриття мікроРНК та її ролі в посттранскрипційній регуляції генів». Як зазначено у пресрелізі Нобелівського комітету, їхнє новаторське відкриття виявило абсолютно новий, життєво важливий регуляторний механізм, який використовується в клітинах для контролю активності генів. МікроРНК виявилися фундаментально важливими для розвитку та функціонування багатоклітинних організмів, зокрема й організму людини — на сьогодні відомо, що геном людини кодує понад тисячу мікроРНК. Роботи цьогорічних нобелівських лауреатів відкрили абсолютно новий вимір нашого розуміння регуляції активності генів.
Тенденції дронізації в Україні на сучасному етапі
Authors: Горбулін Володимир Павлович , Мосов Сергій Петрович
Published: January 2025

У статті розглянуто окремі питання, пов’язані зі справжнім революційним проривом у виробництві в Україні дронів різного військового призначення, які широко використовують у повітряному, наземному, надводному і підводному варіантах. Проаналізовано, як сучасні дронові інноваційні технології впливають на архітектуру військових операцій і приводять до змінення тактики ведення як загальновійськового бою, так і бойових дій на морі. Зазначено, що під час широкомасштабної війни дронізація актуалізувалася і набула в Україні системного характеру.
Наука, політика і науково-технічний прогрес
Authors: Локтєв Вадим Михайлович
Published: January 2025

Напередодні Нового року автор статті робить спробу проаналізувати поточний стан справ у Національній академії наук України, обговорити бачення Академією шляхів свого розвитку, а також намагається зрозуміти науково-освітню політику держави, яка за всі роки незалежності так і не змогла створити належні умови для забезпечення науково-технічного прогресу в країні. Наведено приклади наукової політики країн, які або вже мають розвинену наукову сферу, або інтенсивно її розвивають.