bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women as Teachers and Disciples in Early Buddhist Communities
Authors: Collett Alice
Published: January 2016

Inscriptions from ancient India reveal to us two related phenomena about early Buddhist nuns: firstly, that nuns were teachers of other women, and secondly that nuns considered themselves to be (or were recorded to be) direct disciples of male monastic teachers. The first of these is confirmed by the textual evidence, and sits as part of our picture of the lives of nuns at the time of the historical Buddha and subsequently. The second, however, challenges assumptions about the operations of early Buddhist communities. Monastic male-female teaching relationships, according to the textual evidence, were largely formal and institutional, as typified by the role of monk advisor to nuns (bhikkhunovadaka). As recorded in the texts, nuns should formally request instruction from monks, and certain monks were charged with dispensing such duties. The monastic male female teaching relationships recorded in the epigraphy do not chime with this state of affairs, instead suggesting that closer and more personal relationships existed.
Peace, Conflict and Identity in Religious Representations of India
Authors: Krishnan K. Unni
Published: January 2016

This article explores the history of a semi-religious local figure established through visuals, in relation to local, national and global society, culture and politics. The topic is the mother goddess Thayee Bhuvaneshwari, represented as the embodiment of the state of Karnataka and beloved daughter of Mother India or Bharat Mata. Representations of the goddess are discussed against the backdrop of political developments during the twentieth century: the politics of linguistic communities, agitations by minorities over language, the dispute over the Kaveri river waters, and questions of territoriality. While there has been much work on Indian poster art and its relation to popular visuals, little of it is on south India. The article deals with iconography, the politics of poster art, and the relationship between such art and popular visuals. From a socio-religious perspective, it explores how this icon has contributed in developing the identity of the state of Karnataka in close parallel to the role played by the concept of Bharat Mata at the national level. secondly, it illustrates the religious influence of the mother representation and the role the goddess played during the movement for the formation of the state of Karnataka after Independence. Finally it delineates the peace-keeping role of the goddess as a patron of all religious communities of Karnataka.
One More Universality Result for P Systems with Objects on Membranes
Authors: Păun Gheorghe
Published: January 2016

We continue here the attempt to bridge brane calculi with membrane computing, following the investigation started in [2]. Specifically, we consider P systems with objects placed on membranes, and processed by membrane operations. The operations used in this paper are membrane creation (cre), and membrane dissolution (dis), defined in a way which reminds the operations pino, exo from a brane calculus from [1]. For P systems based on these operations we prove the universality, for one of the two possible variants of the operations; for the other variant the problem remains open.
A TECTÔNICA DISTENSIVA PÓS-MESOZÓICA NA ORIGEM DOS DEPÓSITOS DE BAUXITA DA ZONA DA MATA MINEIRA.
Authors: Romano Antônio W. , Castañeda Cristiane
Published: January 2016

Os depósitos de bauxita da Zona da Mata Mineira constituem um importante cinturão aluminoso,orientado NE-SO, desde Minas Gerais até o Espírito Santo. Os protólitos são essencialmentecharnoquitos e paragnaisses neoproterozóicos. As bauxitas apresentam teores entre 40% e 60% deAl2O3 e as reservas totais são atualmente superiores a 100 Mt. Considerando as características geraisdos depósitos é levantada a hipótese de que a gênese da bauxita foi condicionada à existência de umextenso pediplano, provavelmente eoterciário, que marcava o nível de base regional e era bemirrigado por um sistema de drenagem volumoso. O fato que mais contribuiu para a gênese destesdepósitos foi a atuação de uma tectônica pós-mesozóica, regionalmente de caráter distensivo, que sedesenvolveu na costa brasileira a partir da abertura do Atlântico, com geração de estruturas tipo horste hemigrabens alinhados e paralelos à atual costa continental. A mais importante estrutura, no planoregional, é uma extensa faixa de direção NE-SO denominado Horst da Serra da Boa Vista. A formaçãoda bauxita foi possível durante a ascensão dessa estrutura, com manutenção do regime hídrico superficiale conseqüente aprofundamento do nível de alteração intempérica. A sua ascensão máxima implicouno rejuvenescimento do relevo, exumação e erosão dos níveis bauxitícos formados, e constituição deuma grande quantidade de leques coluviais e aluviões associados, ambos ricos em argilas aluminosas. Aexistência de níveis bauxíticos com a base entre 700 e 900 metros é explicada pelo deslocamento ebasculamento de blocos de dimensões menores no interior da grande estrutura. Tal acomodação deblocos condiciona o padrão de drenagem atual, conspicuamente retangular e materializa a últimamovimentação crustal regional, cuja idade é seguramente quaternária.
O SUPERGRUPO ESPINHAÇO EM MINAS GERAIS: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE SUA ESTRATIGRAFIA E SEU ARRANJO ESTRUTURAL
Authors: Knauer Luiz Guilherme
Published: January 2016

This article presents data and interpretations on the Espinhaço Supergroup in Minas Gerais, emphasizingstratigraphic and structural data of the Serra do Espinhaço, where arise sequences from Archean (granites/gnaisses/migmatites and units of lower metamorphic degree) to Neoproterozoic. Espinhaço Supergroup hasit’s development in the end of the Paleoproterozoic until the Mesoproterozoic, and in the Meridional Sectionit’s base is represented by the Guinda Group, with quartzites, phylites and metaconglomerates/breccias offluvial to shallow marine origins, presenting intercalations of metavolcanics and real paleosoils (part ofhematitic phylites). Above arise eolian metasediments of the Galho do Miguel Formation and the marine tofluvial metasediments of the Conselheiro Mata Group. At the Setentrional Sector, three big groups, mainlypresenting continental characteristics (compatible with the opening of a rift), can be recognized formingthis super group in the setentrional sector of the mountain rage: Metavulcanossedimentar Unit, InferiorMetassedimentar Unit and Superior Metassedimentar Unit. The region is structured by a system of inversefaults/ ductile shear zones that cause frequent stratigraphic inversions and that spread marked blocks internallyby open folds to closed with West vergence. The analysis of quantity of deformation proves the non-axialcharacter of these mass transportations, and confirms the location of part of the shear zones.
CAATINGA DO CARIRI PARAIBANO
Authors: Alves Jose Jakson Amâncio
Published: January 2016

potencial de regeneração, porém, seus mecanismos de autodefesa tornam-se consideravelmente vulneráveis as condições que lhes são impostas. Os processos morfoclimáticos típicos do meio semi-árido, com suas estações contrastadas e as degradações antrópicas, são responsáveis por um dinamismo da vegetação em que a caatinga raquítica e rala representa um sub-clímax e a caatinga em fase de regeneração são disclimax antrópicos. A caatinga arbórea ou floresta seca seria, neste caso, o verdadeiro clímax mesmo atingido pelas ações antrópicas. A partir desse pressuposto objetivou-se nesse estudo estabelecer uma classificação provisória baseada na pressão antrópica e descrever fitogeograficamente a caatinga da região do Cariri Paraibano, onde apesar das características de pobreza do estrato herbáceo é rica em espécies e em biomassa. Também é importante considerar o processo de ocupação da região, os desmatamentos indiscriminados, associados à fragilidade natural desse ecossistema, que acarretaram sérias conseqüências para os geótopos e para as biocenoses, dentre estas a redução da diversidade biológica da vegetação nativa, produzindo uma diversidade de extratos, apresentada nesse trabalho como comunidade-tipo.Palavras–chaves: Vegetação Nativa; Fitogeografia; Comunidade-Tipo; Semi-Árido. ABSTRACT: The Caatinga biome is an ecosystem are adapted to extremely arid conditions, with a remarkable potential for regeneration, but its mechanisms of self-defense become far more vulnerable to conditions imposed on them. The typical morphoclimatic processes of the semi-arid environment, with its contrasting seasons and anthropogenic degradation, are responsible for the dynamism of vegetation in the Caatinga is a rickety thin sub-climax Caatinga in the process of regeneration is a anthropic disclimax. Tree caatinga or dry forest tree would, in this case, the true climax even reached by human actions. From this assumption objective of this study is to establish a provisional classification based on human disturbance, to describe the phytogeography of the Caatinga of Cariri of the Paraiba State (NW region of Brazil), where despite the poverty characteristics of the herb is rich in species and biomass. It is also important to consider the process of occupation of the region, the indiscriminate deforestation, coupled with the weakness of natural ecosystem, which led to serious consequences for geotope and the aquatic communities, among them the reduction of biological diversity of native vegetation, producing a variety of extracts, presented in this work as a community type.Keywords: Native Vegetation; Fitogeography; Community-Kind; Semi-Arid.
O EVENTO GOAL-BRAZIL 2010 - “MINERAÇÃO SUSTENTÁVEL E MEIO AMBIENTE”
Authors: Evento _Coordenadores do
Published: January 2016

O evento, Geo-Network of Latinoamerican-German-Alumni - GOAL Brazil 2010 www.goaldaad.com.ar/goal/,ocorrido na capital mineira em julho de 2010 objetivou alcançar vários propósitos, tais como:- informar, através de apresentações orais, o estado da arte da mineração sustentável e da preservação do meioambiente;- promover discussões frutíferas com representantes de indústrias multinacional e nacional estabelecidas noBrasil, em Minas Gerais;- definir e divulgar as possibilidades de contribuições mais efetivas para o desenvolvimento da mineração sustentável no nosso país e no mundo.Coordenadores do evento:Juliana Alves dos Santos Oliveira (juliana@qui.ufmg.br)Adolf Heinrich Horn (hahorn@ufmg.br)Hernando Baggio Junior (hernandobaggio@yahoo.com.br)
O GRUPO BAMBUÍ NA FOLHA LUZ (SE-23-Y-D-V)
Authors: Kuchenbecker Matheus , Pedrosa-Soares Antônio Carlos
Published: January 2016

Sintetiza-se aqui resultados obtidos durante o mapeamento da Folha Luz (SE-23-Y-D-V), realizado pormeio de contrato entre o CPMTC/UFMG e a CODEMIG. Na região mapeada predominam rochas pelíticase carbonáticas Neoproterozoicas do Grupo Bambuí, deformadas sob influência da Faixa Brasília, a oeste. Aanálise dos dados sedimentológicos e estratigráficos coletados indica para as rochas do Grupo Bambuí umagênese marinha, em ambientes que variam de marinho plataformal proximal a distal. As rochas apresentamdeformação de regime dúctil-rúptil, representada por um padrão de dobramento com eixos predominantementeNW e dobras em cúspide ou chevron, usualmente com vergência pouco definida ou com fraca vergênciapara leste. Entre os recursos minerais associados ao Grupo Bambuí destacam-se o calcário e o verdete, esteúltimo um litotipo exclusivo e característico da Formação Serra da Saudade. ABSTRACT: This paper synthesizes results obtained during the mapping of the Luz Sheet (SE-23-YDV), carried outby the CODEMIG – CPMTC/UFMG project. The mapped region is dominated by Neoproterozoic pelitesand carbonates of Bambuí Group, deformed under influence of the Brasília Belt. The analysis of thesedimentological and stratigraphic data indicates a marine genesis to the rocks of the Bambuí Group, inenvironments ranging from shallow to deep marine shelf. The rocks show a ductile to brittle deformation,represented by a fold pattern with NW axis and chevron to cuspate folds, usually without vergence orweakly vergent to east. The mineral resources founded are mainly limestones and potassic rich sedimentsdenominated “verdete”, the last an exclusive litotipe of Serra da Saudade Formation.
PECULIARIDADES DA ‘METADE SUL’ GAÚCHA E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A GEOCONSERVAÇÃO, O GEOTURISMO E OS GEOPARQUES
Authors: Borba André Weissheimer de , Figueiró Adriano Severo , Garcia Taís da Silva , Domingues Silvio Ávila , Souza Luiz Paulo Martins e
Published: January 2016

A ‘metade sul’ gaúcha possui um patrimônio geológico singular: (a) lagoas, praias e dunas do litoral; (b) paisagens graníticas dasserras do Herval e Canguçu, raízes de antiga cadeia montanhosa; (c) Caçapava do Sul, incomparável sala de aula ao ar livre para o ensino degeociências; (d) cerros tabulares e areais que testemunham a superposição de desertos; e (e) o Cerro do Jarau, cratera de meteoro ecenário de lendas gaúchas. Por outro lado, a região apresenta deficiências profundas na educação, sua infraestrutura turística é precária, eseus atributos naturais estão desprotegidos e vulneráveis frente a empreendimentos danosos. As geociências, nessa nova tendência debusca da sustentabilidade e retorno socioambiental, precisam divulgar a importância e a necessidade de proteção desse geopatrimônioinsubstituível. Para que, no futuro, se possa pensar em ‘geoparques’, os geocientistas devem imediatamente focalizar ações efetivas degeoconservação na região: (1) apontar geossítios importantes, a serem protegidos por UC, figuras legais imprescindíveis à qualidadeambiental da região; (2) qualificar professores da educação básica em tópicos de geociências, estimulando o uso de exemplos locais emsuas aulas; e (3) participar na montagem de roteiros geoturísticos interessantes, recheados de cultura e conhecimento.Palavras-chave: patrimônio geológico, geoconservação, ‘metade sul’, Rio Grande do Sul. ABSTRACT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 'SOUTHERN HALF' OF THE RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FORGEOCONSERVATION, GEOTOURISM, AND GEOPARKS. The so-called ‘southern half’ of the Rio Grande do Sul State possesses a singulargeological heritage: (a) beaches, lagoons, and dune fields at the coast; (b) granitic landscapes of Herval and Canguçu, roots of an ancientmountain range; (c) the Caçapava do Sul region, unmatched open-air classroom for geosciences teaching; (d) table hills and sand fields thatrecord the superposition of deserts; and (e) the Jarau hill, meteor crater and scenario of traditional gaucho tales. On the other hand, theregion displays profound deficiencies in basic education, weak tourist structure, and nature monuments threatened by potentiallydamaging enterprises. Geosciences, in the current trend of seeking sustainability and social-environmental feedback, must divulge theimportance and the protection need of this irreplaceable geoheritage. In order to consider, in the future, eventual bids for the ‘geopark’certification, geoscientists should immediately focus on effective geoconservation initiatives for the region: (1) recommending geositessuitable for legal protection; (2) qualifying basic education teachers in geology-related topics, stimulating the use of local examples in theclasses; and (3) participating in the design of interesting, knowledge-based tourist programs.Keywords: geological heritage, geoconservation, ‘southern half’, Rio Grande do Sul State.
EVOLUÇÃO GEOLÓGICA DOS GRUPOS CANASTRA E IBIÁ NA REGIÃO ENTRE COROMANDEL E GUARDA-MOR, MG
Authors: Pereira Luciana Felício , Dardenne Marcel Auguste , Rosière Carlos Alberto , Pedrosa-Soares Antônio Carlos
Published: January 2016

The stratigraphic column established for the Canastra Group, in the Alto Paranaíba region in the centralportion of the Brasília Fold Belt, represents a regressive megasequence of sediments deposited on an openseacontinental platform. The following units occur from base to top: a turbiditic sequence with arenaceousand argillaceous intercalations; an arenaceous sequence containing storm beds; and a clay-rich arenaceoussequence with structures reflecting shallow marine and tidal flat environments. The Ibiá Group overlies theCanastra Group on an erosional disconformity. Its base consists of a metadiamictite of glacial origin (CubatãoFormation) while the uppermost unit (Rio Verde Formation) comprises an extensive and monotonous packageof banded calcareous phyllites. The contact between these two formations is gradational and both units havesimilar mineralogic composition. The Canastra and Ibiá Groups were affected by a single event of progressivedeformation, E1, during the Brasiliano Cycle, manifested as two distinct compressional stages. The earliestand most compressive stage, D1, is represented by thrust tectonics, associated with greenschist faciesmetamorphism. The second stage of deformation, D2, is characterized by a dominant component of pureshear in a ductile-brittle regime. When compared with other similar units in the geochronological record, thecharacteristics of the studied units show that the Ibiá Group metadiamictites are contemporaneous with theJequitaí tillite, with a probable age of deposition between 900 and 1000 Ma and the Canastra Group istherefore older than 1000 Ma.
ESPINHAÇO - QUO VADIS ? (ONDE ESTÁ? - AONDE VAI?) A EVOLUÇÃO DOS CONHECIMENTOS SOBRE A CORDILHEIRA DO ESPINHAÇO MERIDIONAL EM MINAS GERAIS ENTRE 1979 E 1995
Authors: Renger Friedrich E. , Knauer Luiz Guilherme
Published: January 2016

In this paper a brief review is given of master and doctoral thesis as well of articles published duringthe last 16 years, concerning the geology of the Serra do Espinhaço in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The differentproposals of a subdivision of the Archean basement and sedimentary sequences of Pre-Espinhaço age arereviewed. The existing geochronological data are insufficient for a complete understanding of these units.The Espinhaço rift started its evolution about 1800 Ma ago with continental sediments with intercalationof acidic and basic volcanics evolving in the upper part of the sequence to shallow marine sedimentation.Aspects of stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Espinhaço Supergroup as well as those of structuraland economic geology are briefly discussed. Diamonds washed in the Sopa-Brumadinho conglomeratesand in alluvials remains the principal mineral resource as about 160 years ago predicted by L.W. vonEschwege. In recent years exploration work was successful to identify the gold deposit at Riacho dosMachados in the northern extension of the Serra do Espinhaço.A chapter resumes the geodymamic models presented during the considered period. Finally, suggestionsfor future investigations are listed.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO E CLASSIFICAÇÃO DOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS NO PARQUE FLORESTAL ESTADUAL DO RIO DOCE – MG
Authors: Gontijo Bernardo Machado , Britto Cristiano Quirino
Published: January 2016

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EVENTOS DE “DESEQUILÍBRIO MORFODINÂMICO” NA EVOLUÇÃO GEOMORFOLÓGICA DE MINAS GERAIS – O CASO DE TEÓFILO OTONI / CARAÍ – REGIÃO NORDESTE DO ESTADO
Authors: Magalhães Jr Antônio , Moreira Patrícia de Fátima
Published: January 2016

A evolução morfodinâmica do estado de Minas Gerais vem resultando em uma rica diversidade dedomínios geomorfológicos, originados pela intrínseca associação de fatores litológicos, climáticos eestruturais. Apesar das variações espaciais quanto ao grau de intensidade, tem sido consensual a proposiçãode significativas influências tectônicas sobre a evolução do modelado e atuação dos processos morfogenéticosno estado. Evidências dessas influências são encontradas, muitas vezes, através da análise estratigráfica dedepósitos cenozóicos. Através da estratigrafia de depósitos coluviais nos municípios de Teófilo Otoni eCaraí, região de divisores entre as bacias dos rios Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, foram encontradas evidências deeventos de “desequilíbrio morfodinâmico” na evolução geomorfológica da área, ocasionados por influênciastectônicas. Grandes movimentos de massa foram gerados sob clima úmido, modelando anfiteatros eentulhando fundos de vale. Este trabalho visa analisar as evidências e possíveis causas destes eventos,verificando suas consequências para a morfodinâmica local.
REGISTROS DA TECTÔNICA BRASILIANA NA REGIÃO DE GUANHÃES (SE, BRASIL): DEFORMAÇÃO E METAMORFISMO DAS ROCHAS DE IDADE PÓS-TRANSAMAZÔNICA
Authors: Dussin Tania M. , Duarte Patrícia , Dussin Ivo A.
Published: January 2016

Paleoproterozoic granitoids (~1,7Ga) intrude gneisses and migmatites of the tonalitic-trondjemiticgranodioriticbasement of the Neoproterozoic Araçuaí fold-thrust belt in the Guanhães region (MinasGerais).Previous studies attributed deformation and metamorphism of the country rocks to thePaleoproterozoic Transamazonian Event. The role of the younger Brasiliano Event is not well understoodand different interpretations have been postulated. Post-Transamazonian rocks, recently identified in theregion, are deformed and metamorphosed. The deformation is complex, with a ductil character increasingto east. The associated metamorphism reach the amphibolite facies, with migmatitic remobilization, andgranitogenesis at about 540 Ma. The available data suggest that after the Transamazonian event the Guanhãesregion underwent granitogenesis, deformation, metamorphose in the course of the Neoproterozoic BrasilianoEvent.
MÁRMORES DA REGIÃO DE ITAOCA (ES) E ESCARNITOS NO CONTATO COM DIQUES MÁFICOS E FÉLSICOS: MINERALOGIA E PETROGÊNESE
Authors: Evangelista Hanna Jordt , Viana Deiwys José
Published: January 2016

Skarns at the contact of marbles and mafic as well as felsic dikes located in the Itaoca region (Espírito SantoState, eastern Brazil) were investigated in terms of mineralogy and genesis. Marbles and the older mafic dykeswere affected by high grade metamorphism of Brasiliano age, as comproved by the presence of spinel. Theundeformed younger granitic dykes are post-tectonic. Skarns related to the granite dykes were formed as outcomesof silica addition in marble layers during the intrusion, generating zones composed of i)olivine + carbonate +pyroxene + amphibole ± phlogopite; ii)pyroxene + amphibole ± phlogopite ± scapolite, and iii)pyroxene ±phlogopite. The last mineral association occurs close to the granite and shows the maximum silica enrichment.Evidence of Ca-metassomatism in the granite is shown by the strongly zoned plagioclase crystals, which showcentral portions with An17 and border zone with An43. Skarns generated at the contact with amphibolite dykesare wider than the former, probably because the original contact metamorphic reaction zones generated duringthe intusion were reinforced by granulite facies metamorphism. The reaction aureoles display the followingmineral associations: i) carbonate ± olivine, ii) carbonate + diopside ± scapolite ± epidote, iii) plagioclase +diopside ± scapolite ± epidote, and iv) amphibole + plagioclase ± phlogopite ± hercinite ± grossularite. The firstassociation belongs to the marble at the contact, and the last to the amphibolite. There are mineralogical andtextural evidences for metamorphic and metassomatic reactions due to the migration of Ca, Mg and Si, leading,for example, to the scapolitization of the plagioclase.
Desempenho de genótipos alagoanos de milho em diferentes densidades de semeadura
Authors: Silva J. P. , Ferreira P. V. , Carvalho I. D. E. , Oliveira F. S.
Published: January 2016

O trabalho foi conduzido na Área Experimental do Setor de Melhoramento Genético de Plantas do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (SMGP-CECA-UFAL), objetivando-se avaliar o desempenho de genótipos de milho em diferentes densidades de semeadura. Foram avaliados quatro genótipos de milho, sendo três desenvolvidos pelo SMGP-CECA-UFAL e um desenvolvido pela EMBRAPA, em três densidades de semeadura: 50.000, 62.500 e 83.333 plantas.ha-1 . Foi usado o delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram: Diâmetro do Colmo (DC), Altura de Inserção de Primeira Espiga (AIPE), Altura de Planta (AP), Porcentagem de Prolificidade (PROL), Porcentagem de Plantas Acamadas (PPA), Comprimento de Espiga (CE), Diâmetro de Espiga (DE), Número de Fileiras de Grãos (NFG), Peso de Cem Grãos (PCG), Rendimento de Espigas com Palha (REP) e Rendimento de Grãos (RG). Não houve diferença significativa entre os genótipos avaliados para as seguintes variáveis: DC, PPA, CE, DE, PCG, REP e RG. Os genótipos desenvolvidos pelo SMGP-CECA-UFAL apresentaram um excelente desempenho para todas as variáveis estudadas, especialmente no rendimento de grãos, com uma produtividade média de 6.379,00 kg.ha-1. A densidade de semeadura de 83.333 plantas por hectare promoveu um maior rendimento de grãos com 7.888,96 kg.ha-1. 

Performance of alagoanos genotypes of maize in different planting densities

Abstract: The work was conducted in the Experimental area of the Setor de Melhoramento Genético de Plantas do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (SMGP-CECA-UFAL), aiming to evaluate the performance of genotypes of maize in different planting densities. Four corn genotypes were evaluated, being three developed by SMGP-CECA-UFAL and one developed by EMBRAPA, in three seeding densities: 50,000, 62,500 and 83,333. plants ha-1. Experimental design was used in randomized blocks with three replications. The variables evaluated were: Culm Diameter (DC), Time of First insertion Cob (AIPE), plant height (AP), percentage of Prolificacy (FAVOUR), percentage of Plants Jumble (PPA), Tang (EC) Length, diameter of the cob (DE), number of grain Rows (NFG), weight of 100 grains (PCG), yield of Spikes with straw (REP) and grain Yield (RG). There was no significant difference between the genotypes evaluated for the following variables: DC, PPA, CE, DE, PCG, REP and RG. The genotypes developed by SMGP-CECA-UFAL presented an outstanding performance for all variables studied, especially in grain yield, with an average productivity of 6,379 .00 kg.ha-1. The sowing density of plants per hectare 83,333 promoted a greater yield of grain with 7,888.96 kg ha-1.
Starworld: Preparing Accountants For The Future: A Case-Based Approach To Teach International Financial Reporting Standards Using ERP Software
Authors: Ragan Joseph M. , Savino Christopher J. , Parashac Paul , Hosler Jonathan C.
Published: January 2016

International Financial Reporting Standards now constitute an important part of educating young professional accountants.  This paper looks at a case based process to teach International Financial Reporting Standards using integrated Enterprise Resource Planning software.  The case contained within the paper can be used within a variety of courses to teach International Financial Reporting Standards within an ethical framework.  This case does not require access to a live SAP ECC 6.0 server.  Students desiring a real time technical experience can either use a live system or utilize the practice capability within this case.  The product demonstrated uses the current version of SAP ECC 6.0.
Disaster Management Response Guidelines for Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Born Christopher , Mamczak Christiaan , Pagenkopf Eric , McAndrew Mark , Richardson Mark , Teague David , Wolinsky Philip , Monchik Keith
Published: January 2016

➢ Complacency and lack of preparation are major barriers to an effective disaster response.

➢ Leadership assignments and departmental organization for a response should be outlined in advance.

➢ Response rehearsal and after-action reviews allow for thoughtful change to a response plan.

➢ Hospital disaster alert notification systems should be standardized and should be understood.

➢ Communication systems used in a disaster should have redundancy.

➢ A department’s response plan must be integrated into the overall hospital plan.

➢ Large casualty volumes require appropriate triage and resource allocation.

➢ Response provider emotional and health support is an important consideration.
A comparison of electrochemical oxidation performance of PbO2 and SnO2 electrodes
Authors: Duan X. Y. , Li J. R. , Chang L. M. , Yang C. W.
Published: January 2016

PbO2 and SnO2 are two promising anode materials for electrochemical oxidation. In order to highlight the difference between two kinds of electrodes in an electrochemical oxidation process, their morphology, structural, oxygen evolution overpotential (OEP), electrochemical activity and service life-time were compared in detail in this paper. Surface characterization by scanning electron microscope shows that the film of the PbO2 electrode is even, compact, non-porous, and non-cracked, while many cracks are present on the film of the SnO2 electrode. Electrochemical studies based on linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) prove that the OEP for the SnO2 electrode was much higher than that of the PbO2 electrode, and the electron-transfer kinetics and the reversibility of electrode reaction of the SnO2 electrode were superior to those of the PbO2 electrode. In electrochemical decomposition of p-nitrophenol, the degradation ratios at PbO2 and SnO2 anodes achieved 86.9% and 96.5%, respectively, after 120 min electrolysis, which verified the results of LSV and CV. The accelerated lifetime tests show that the service life time of the SnO2 electrode is far shorter than that of the PbO2 electrode, even though it was shown to be superior to the PbO2 in electrocatalytic activity.
‘I long to get together with all of you …’: A Letter from Sabina Spielrein-Scheftel (Rostov-on-Don) to Max Eitingon, 24 AUGUST 1927
Authors: Richebächer Sabine
Published: January 2016

Sabina Spielrein (1885–1942), Russian-Jewish pioneer of psychoanalysis, was highly esteemed by Sigmund Freud, and later by young left-wing analysts like Otto Fenichel, for being a creative thinker with a talent for stimulating new questions and original research (notably in ego psychology, child analysis, linguistics and neuropsychology). When she returned to her home country in 1923, however, her traces largely disappear. For this reason, the thirteen-page handwritten letter, which Spielrein wrote to Max Eitingon on 24 August 1927, in the run up to the tenth International Psychoanalytic Congress, is a particularly welcome discovery. She reports on professional and private matters, and above all we learn for the first time something about Spielrein's position in the disputes over the relation between psychoanalysis and Marxism in the Soviet Union. Spielrein's spirited engagement in the increasingly acrimonious debate over ‘Freudism’ and Marx-influenced behavioural science is sketched in the context of the development of Russian psychoanalysis, from its brief flowering under Trotsky's protection to its crushing under Stalin.
Ethnic Kawasaki Disease Risk Associated with Blood Mercury and Cadmium in U.S. Children
Authors: Yeter Deniz , Portman Michael , Aschner Michael , Farina Marcelo , Chan Wen-Ching , Hsieh Kai-Sheng , Kuo Ho-Chang
Published: January 2016

Kawasaki disease (KD) primarily affects children <5 years of age (75%–80%) and is currently the leading cause of acquired heart disease in developed nations. Even when residing in the West, East Asian children are 10 to 20 times more likely to develop KD. We hypothesized cultural variations influencing pediatric mercury (Hg) exposure from seafood consumption may mediate ethnic KD risk among children in the United States. Hospitalization rates of KD in US children aged 0–4 years (n = 10,880) and blood Hg levels in US children aged 1–5 years (n = 713) were determined using separate US federal datasets. Our cohort primarily presented with blood Hg levels <0.1 micrograms (µg) per kg bodyweight (96.5%) that are considered normal and subtoxic. Increased ethnic KD risk was significantly associated with both increasing levels and detection rates of blood Hg or cadmium (Cd) in a linear dose-responsive manner between ethnic African, Asian, Caucasian, and Hispanic children in the US (p ≤ 0.05). Increasing low-dose exposure to Hg or Cd may induce KD or contribute to its later development in susceptible children. However, our preliminary results require further replication in other ethnic populations, in addition to more in-depth examination of metal exposure and toxicokinetics.
Association between CRP and TNF-α genes Variants and Cardiovascular Heart Disease in a Mexican Population: Protocol for a Case-Control Study
Authors: Hernández-Díaz Yazmín , Tovilla-Zárate Carlos , Juárez-Rojop Isela , López-Narváez María , Álvarez-Cámara José , González-Castro Thelma
Published: January 2016

Background: The C-reactive protein (CRP) and the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are considered markers of inflammation and have been shown to predict the risk of incident cardiovascular events. However, few studies have undertaken a comprehensive examination of SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) of the CRP and TNF-α genes; due to this, we will present a protocol study to evaluate the role of the CRP and TNF-α genes in Mexican individuals. Methods/design: we will perform a case-control study to explore the CRP and TNF-α genotype distribution as well as the serum influence of rs1800947, rs1130864, rs2794521 and rs1205 (polymorphisms of the CRP gene) and rs361525, rs1800629, rs1799724, rs1800630, rs1799964 (of the TNF-α gene) in Mexican individuals who present coronary artery disease. Ethics and dissemination: a written informed consent will be obtained from all the participating subjects. An article detailing the results of the study will be submitted for publication in an international peer-reviewed journal, in accordance with STROBE criteria.
Activity Regulation by Heteromerization of Arabidopsis Allene Oxide Cyclase Family Members
Authors: Otto Markus , Naumann Christin , Brandt Wolfgang , Wasternack Claus , Hause Bettina
Published: January 2016

Jasmonates (JAs) are lipid-derived signals in plant stress responses and development. A crucial step in JA biosynthesis is catalyzed by allene oxide cyclase (AOC). Four genes encoding functional AOCs (AOC1, AOC2, AOC3 and AOC4) have been characterized for Arabidopsis thaliana in terms of organ- and tissue-specific expression, mutant phenotypes, promoter activities and initial in vivo protein interaction studies suggesting functional redundancy and diversification, including first hints at enzyme activity control by protein-protein interaction. Here, these analyses were extended by detailed analysis of recombinant proteins produced in Escherichia coli. Treatment of purified AOC2 with SDS at different temperatures, chemical cross-linking experiments and protein structure analysis by molecular modelling approaches were performed. Several salt bridges between monomers and a hydrophobic core within the AOC2 trimer were identified and functionally proven by site-directed mutagenesis. The data obtained showed that AOC2 acts as a trimer. Finally, AOC activity was determined in heteromers formed by pairwise combinations of the four AOC isoforms. The highest activities were found for heteromers containing AOC4 + AOC1 and AOC4 + AOC2, respectively. All data are in line with an enzyme activity control of all four AOCs by heteromerization, thereby supporting a putative fine-tuning in JA formation by various regulatory principles.
Active Zones
Authors: Langacker Ronald
Published: January 2016

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984)
On the semantics of cantonese changed tone or women, matches, and chinese broccoli
Authors: Jurafsky Dan
Published: January 2016

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The syntax of Tzotzil Auxiliaries and directionals: the grammaticalization of "motion"
Authors: Haviland John B.
Published: January 2016

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Table of Contents and Preface
Authors: Editors BLS
Published: January 2016

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Political Consumption as Supplement to Conventional Political Participation in Promoting Social Change
Authors: Adugu Emmanuel
Published: January 2016

Research indicates that individual consumers with food safety, environmental and ethical concerns regarding the provisioning of food may be motivated to use the marketplace as a site for political action to promote social change—a phenomenon known as political consumption (PC). Using data from Ohio 2007 Survey of Food, Farming and Environment, this research examined individual level attributes shaping engagement in PC and conventional political action. Findings based on logistic regression analyses, reveal that engagement in conventional political behavior is positively related to the likelihood of engagement in political consumption. This suggests that engagement in conventional political action and political consumption are not mutually exclusive. The main factors associated with engagement in political consumption are: knowledge about food production, environmental and food safety concerns. These findings suggest that consumers with concerns about the organization and character of food production believe they can create social changes via their consumptive decisions.
Problem of Plenty
Authors: Sohani Shrihari S , Maheshwari Sunil
Published: January 2016

The article deals with understanding the phenomena of employee rationalisation in firms especially the ones operating in dynamic environments. In this paper the authors do an extensive review of literature to understand the complete cycle, which is from environmental conditions leading to employee surplus consequently leading to firm implementing relevant strategies to deal with the situation and the consequences thereof on firm and individuals. The authors focus their attention on high technology firms and the relevant strategies for managing employee surplus in such firms. They extend the literature by proposing the relevance of tacit knowledge in situations where employee surplus needs to be managed and how it can be retained for preserving the competitiveness of firms.
Exploring the Impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Perceptions of E-Filing Success
Authors: Carter Lemuria , McFadden-Wade Gwendolyn , Wells Jean T.
Published: January 2016

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and perceived organizational support (POS) have been explored extensively in the literature. highlights the need for more Information Systems (IS) research in this area. In this study the authors explore how technological advancements have improved the online tax filing process in the United States. In particular, we administered a survey to 102 Volunteer Income Tax Assistance program (VITA) Site Coordinators to explore the role of OCB and POS on user perceptions of e-filing system success. The results and implications for research and practice are discussed.
Fusing Theory to Practice
Authors: Kazmi S. Asiya Z. , Naaranoja Marja , Kytölä Juha
Published: January 2016

Modern companies implement strategic mechanisms to support corporate competitive analysis. On this theme, the current study is an attempt to connect transformational leadership with strategic thinking capability by establishing a diagnostic research tool. The aim behind establishing such a research instrument is to evaluate strong or weak corporate operations and practices, being followed at the three selected work locations of a European multinational company. Following construct theory, this study's mid-range theorizing revealed that, the employees at the three target work locations are not significantly empowered and therefore incapable to take independent work decisions. Such incapability, in return, obstruct the process of effective corporate strategic leadership. In accordance with the study findings, the categories of “intellectual stimulation” and “individualized consideration” are identified as the weak areas, linked to the work leadership operations. In addition, the aspects, namely, “work situation” and “situational referencing” are identified as weak processes associated with the strategic thinking construct. Furthermore, “investigative approach” and “situational handling” appeared as potentially strong strategic elements. The above referred findings are critically significant to support future testing and refinement of the proposed research tool. The current study offers wider implications for specialists, practitioners and researchers through the process of re-evaluation or cross comparative analysis of the study results.
Global Governance of Science
Authors: Sayamov Yury Nikolayevich
Published: January 2016

The article draws attention to the role of education technologies within the entire issue of the global governance of science considered here to be of growing importance for the present world development. Introducing the notions of the global knowledge world and the knowledge society, the author presents the vision of the management of science as of an international task and one of development goals. He analyses the relationship of science and bureaucracy establishing a kind of a systematization for the decision making process related to science and explains his point of view that the global governance of science could be based on the activities of international bodies and structures of intergovernmental nature (IIGOs), most importantly of UN and UNESCO, and of non-governmental character (INGOs). Taking into account various aspects of internal and external management of science, the author points out that the global management of science appears to be a life necessity due to the growing need to jointly search for global scientific responses to the global problems, new risks and challenges that mankind is facing. In conclusion some ideas are expressed and proposals given how, in the author's opinion, to foster the goal of the global governance of science.
Designing and Analyzing Social Dynamics for Collaborative
Authors: Ahamer Gilbert
Published: January 2016

The negotiation-oriented and partly web-based game “Surfing Global Change” (SGC) produces characteristic collaborative behavior in student groups. Its social dynamics were statistically analyzed with sets of university students in Austria. The architecture of SGC was already explained in other articles and gives a framework for “game based learning” along five interactive game levels: 1) learn content and pass quizzes; 2) write and reflect a personal standpoint; 3) win with a team in a competitive discussion; 4) negotiate a complex consensus between teams; 5) integrate views when recognizing and analyzing long-term global trends. This paper provides correlation analyses of parameters that describe student activities in a web-based space of interaction that intends to introduce collaborative behavior. The conclusion of the statistical analyses suggests that the set of SGC game rules acts as a boundary condition for expected processes of social self-organization. Interest in a good grade (= function of collected rewards) in this sense steers team size, work attitude and individual affinity for sticking to personal convictions. Rules trigger two distinct processes: social dynamics in the class and the striving for grades for the course; these targets do not necessarily match.
Conclusions from Social Dynamics in Collaborative Environmental Didactics
Authors: Ahamer Gilbert
Published: January 2016

The social and didactic dynamics produced in implementations of the negotiation-oriented and partly web-based game “Surfing Global Change” (SGC) was analyzed by independent experts after their observations in advanced interdisciplinary university courses. It could be empirically demonstrated that the intended didactics of SGC were successful; namely that they were grounded on “active, self-organized learning”, training of “competence to act” and on responsibility for both practicable and sustainable solutions for the future society. The outlay of SGC succeeds in equilibrating competition vs. consensus, self-study vs. team work, sharpening the individual standpoint vs. readiness to compromise, differentiation into details vs. integration into a whole and hence mirrors professional realities. In this spirit, the architecture of SGC gives a framework for “game based learning” along its five interactive game levels. The conclusion is made that the set of game rules acts as a boundary condition for expected processes of social self-organization. The independent expert opinions express the importance of self-responsibility, for example when defining team size (ideally 3-5), during the identification of students with a project relevant to real life, and with the trainer staying on the meta level without entering into student discussions. Hence, self-organization in SGC allows for self-responsibility.
Knowledge Management in Private Investigations of White-Collar Crime
Authors: Gottschalk Petter
Published: January 2016

The activity of private investigations by fraud examiners is a business of lawyers, auditors and other professionals who investigate suspicions of financial crime by white-collar criminals. Private investigations represent an interesting and unique field of knowledge management research for several reasons. A possible white-collar crime has occurred, and examiners are to figure out what, how, who and why. It is a puzzle of information pieces that has to be solved. If one piece is missing in a puzzle of thousands of pieces, the crime will never be solved. Second, knowledge cannot be shared freely. Knowledge has to be applied in a sequence of investigative steps, where witnesses and suspects are involved to the extent that the investigation makes progress. Colleagues in the firm and executives in the client organization do only get to know about a current investigation to the extent that they have a role to play in it. A senior investigating person plays the role of a knowledge manager, who monitors information flows. Only when the private investigation is completed, is knowledge from the case to be shared in the broader field of stakeholders and spectators.
Study of Turbulent Convective Heat Transfer Enhancement by Al2O3-Water Nanofluid through a Rough Circular Tube
Authors: Ehsan M. Monjurul , Noor Shafi , Salehin Sayedus , Sadrul Islam A.K.M.
Published: January 2016

Nanotechnology is a novel approach in thermal engineering science to enhance the overall thermal performance of compact heat exchangers by the homogeneous dispersion of solid nanoparticles of higher thermal conductivity in conventional base fluid like water, oil, ethylene glycol etc. The heat transfer rate is substantially intensified by the addition of nanosized solid particles which provide superior thermo-physical properties in comparison with base fluid. In the present study, a numerical simulation is performed to investigate the turbulent convective heat transfer characteristics of Al2O3-water nanofluid of volume fractions (1%, 3% and 5%) through a rough circular tube subjected to constant heat flux for a range of Reynolds number 10,000 to 30,000. The finite volume method is employed for solving the governing equations and k-ω SST turbulent model for single phase analysis is considered. At a Reynolds number of 25000, application of nanofluid combined with rough tube enhances the Nusselt number by 13.10%, 21.86% and 63.03% in case of relative roughness of the wall of 0.001, 0.005 and 0.01 respectively.
On the Neumann Problem for Monge-Ampére Type Equations
Authors: Jiang Feida , Trudinger Neil S. , Ni Xiang
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we study the global regularity for regular Monge-Ampère type equations associated with semilinear Neumann boundary conditions. By establishing a priori estimates for second order derivatives, the classical solvability of the Neumann boundary value problem is proved under natural conditions. The techniques build upon the delicate and intricate treatment of the standard Monge-Ampère case by Lions, Trudinger, and Urbas in 1986 and the recent barrier constructions and second derivative bounds by Jiang, Trudinger, and Yang for the Dirichlet problem. We also consider more general oblique boundary value problems in the strictly regular case.
The Relationship Between ϵ-Kronecker Sets and Sidon Sets
Authors: Hare Kathryn , Ramsey L. Thomas
Published: January 2016

A subset E of a discrete abelian group is called ϵ-Kronecker if all E-functions of modulus one can be approximated to within ϵ by characters. E is called a Sidon set if all bounded E-functions can be interpolated by the Fourier transform of measures on the dual group. As ϵ-Kronecker sets with ϵ < 2 possess the same arithmetic properties as Sidon sets, it is natural to ask if they are Sidon. We use the Pisier net characterization of Sidonicity to prove this is true.