bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Virtual Power Plant Based on Hydropower Suppressing Wind Power Fluctuation
Authors: Wu Xiong , Zhou Hanze , Zheng Chuanliang , Gao Jianyu , Zheng Tao , Liu Lianguang
Published: August 2020

In order to assess the effects of the virtual power plants (VPP) participating in power grid regulation, this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system of virtual power plants based on hydropower suppressing wind power fluctuations from three aspects: hydropower regulation ability, grid operation and dispatching, and economy of VPPs. The weight of each index is determined by the combination weighting method based on the entropy weight method (EWM) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). To verify the rationality and scientificity of the index and the weighting method in this paper, a regional power grid in Fujian has been taken as an example. Three VPP construction schemes including wind farms and small hydropower stations are selected and then the score of compare each index and total score of each scheme are calculated to determine the optimal scheme. The conclusion indicates that the evaluation index system and method is applied to the VPPs composed of wind power and hydropower and provides a theoretical reference for the construction and planning of VPPs in areas rich in wind and water resources.
Research on the Load Rate of Substation Considering Distributed Photovoltaics
Authors: Yan Wei , Tang Qinghua , Liu Liqing , Li Yunfei , Jiao Bingqi , Zhang Xin
Published: August 2020

The load rate of the substation can be increased after the distributed power source is connected to the distribution network. This paper proposes a calculation method of distribution network substation load rate that can effectively take into account distributed photovoltaic output. By simplifying distributed photovoltaic into a special transformer, the complexity of distribution network substation load rate analysis is reduced; The probabilistic effect of distributed photovoltaic on the load rate of substations is evaluated by the verification of “N-1”. Through the analysis of examples, the effectiveness of the method in this paper is proved.
Maintenance Expense Optimization Method for High Temperature Reactor Equipment Group
Authors: Che Shuping , Wu Qiaojun , Zhang Yanpeng , Geng Jie
Published: August 2020

The composition of the high-temperature reactor system is relatively complicated. The failure mechanism and degradation process of each component in the system are not the same, and the timing of failure is not the same, resulting it impossible to ensure all components being maintained by preventive planning maintenance. According to the fault correlation, time correlation, functional correlation and structural correlation between components in the multi-component system, the components that meet the maintenance conditions within a certain period of time can be integrated and repaired, which can not only share the fixed cost, but also reduce the downtime. It also increases the overall availability of the equipment.
Examining CO2 Emissions, Health Expenditure, and Economic Growth Nexus for China: A Co-integration Approach
Authors: Wang Chien-Ming , Chang Chi-Yun , Yuan Chien-Chung , Wang Jinwei , Feng Yin
Published: August 2020

This study most importantly illustrates the long-run and short-run shocks between the three key variables of environmental pollution, health factors and economic development. The highly industrialized situation in China has caused a lot of energy consumption and a healthy decline. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between China’s health expenditure and CO2 emissions taking into account economic growth using the bootstrap ARDL test variable. The results show that the long-term CO2 emissions and medical costs have a critical impact on China’s economic development. On the other hand, this study found that there is a two-way causal relationship between China’s health expenditure and economic growth, as well as two-way causation between health expenditure and CO2 emissions. But the impact of the economy on the environment is only one-way causality. Therefore, our research has important policy implications for China to develop energy plans and strategies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and protect human health.
Case Study on Prefabricated Sunspace-Addition Renovation for Existing High-Rise Residential Buildings and Its Energy Consumption Simulations
Authors: Song Ge , Chen Wenli , Xu Muyang
Published: August 2020

A large number of existing high-rise residential buildings in China have problems such as high energy consumption and poor comfort. Renovating them is an important way for sustainable urban development. This article first introduces a European sunspace addition method for existing high-rise residences, and then sets up unit models of different depths for energy consumption simulation. Four cities of cold regions of China are selected and simulation comparison of original state, conventional renovation, sunspace addition and its variants are made. The size of the window, the presence or absence of external shading, and the presence or absence of internal curtains influence factors for the energy performance of the sunspace. In addition, the effects of changing depth of sunspace on winter heating energy consumption and summer cooling energy consumption, as well as the impact of different construction details on energy consumption were also studied. The article verifies the feasibility of the objective renovation mode in terms of energy consumption and summarizes the corresponding conclusions.
Development Concept of Integrated Energy Network and Hydrogen Energy Industry Based on Hydrogen Production Using Surplus Hydropower
Authors: Ma Fangping , Li Lin , Zeng Qing , Zheng Jianmin
Published: August 2020

The development of hydropower industry is progressing rapidly in China, and the installed capacity and power generation are increasing year by year. However, due to factors such as transmission channels and power grid peaking capacity, hydropower consumption in some areas is facing greater pressure. As an excellent medium for energy interconnection, hydrogen energy can play an important role in promoting hydropower consumption. This paper introduces the current status and trends of hydrogen energy development in major developed countries and China, and analyzes the current status of China’s hydropower abandoned water. Based on the production of hydrogen using surplus hydropower in the Dadu River Basin in Sichuan, an integrated energy network research plan including hydropower, electrolytic hydrogen production, storage and transportation, hydrogen refueling, and hydrogen-powered vehicles is proposed. At the same time, the development concept of hydrogen energy industry including hydrogen energy source economy, hydrogen energy industry ecosphere and hydrogen energy sky road in western Sichuan is also proposed.
Exploring Critical Factors Influencing Green Development of the Power Grid Based on DEMATEL-ISM Model
Authors: Li Songrui , Chai Jianxue , Wang Meishun , Zhang Lihui , Tian Xin
Published: August 2020

Under the background of the Paris Agreement and Energy Revolution, the power grid, as a hub of energy supply, needs to explore the influencing factors of the green development to clear the development path. By analysing the framework of green power grid development, a three-level power grid green development indicator system including the power grid coordination upstream and downstream and the life cycle of power grid construction is constructed. The DEMATEL-ISM integration method was used to analyse the structure of the first-level indicators. Then, the results were analysed from three aspects: deep-rooted influencing factors, middle-level indirect influencing factors and surface-level direct influencing factors. The research results show that 22 influencing factors are interrelated, forming a hierarchical structure with 6 levels of influencing factors, of which 7 indicators are key factors. The study clarifies the impact of the power grid as a configuration and trading platform on the ecological environment, and provides an implementation path for the green development of the power grid to promote the coordinated of the power grid and the environment.
Energy Metal Lithium Research: Based on the Weilasituo Lepidolite and the Dahongliutan Spodumene Deposits
Authors: Yang Yongqiang , Xin Jiang , Guan Huiming , Wang Yang , Wang Fang
Published: August 2020

Lithium has very active chemical properties and is widely used in various fields. It is known as “the energy metal of the 21st century”, so we paid more attention on it. Basic characteristics and exploration progress of the Weilasituo lepidolite deposit and the spodumene ore deposit in the Dahongliutan area are introduced in this paper, in order to have a deep research for lithium. The discovery of thses special large lithium deposits have brought new attention to the research of granite pegmatite type lithium ore at north China. The group took the rare metal mining right of the Dahongliutan, which costs 2 billion yuan, so we need get more information for future exploration.
Research on Integrated Energy Technology of Green Campus Combined with Wind, Solar, Storage, Charging, Industry, Academia and Research
Authors: Long Min , Hu Bizheng , Wei Meifang , Han Chaowei , Cheng Xiang , Yang Jing
Published: August 2020

The research on the integration of wind, solar, storage, charging, industry, academia and research is an important embodiment of promoting the traditional energy system to step forward into the energy Internet system. The green smart campus is also a typical demonstration of the energy Internet. In this paper, an integrated construction scheme of wind, solar, storage, charging, industry, academia and research is put forward in combination with the actual situation. In order to realize multi-energy complementarity in a more scientific way, the operation mode of the micro-grid system is studied and analyzed in depth under grid-connected and off-grid modes, so that the emergency power for critical loads can be guaranteed when power is lost. The scheme provides a set of new and concrete solutions for colleges and universities to realize green and smart campus.
Review on Risk Early Warning of Coal-Based Synthetic Oil
Authors: Tian Shuicheng , Yang Pengfei , Tang Kai
Published: August 2020

In recent years, with the maturity of coal chemical technology, coal chemical industry has been developed by leaps and bounds. The following is the increase of coal chemical enterprises. The increase of coal chemical industry enterprises are naturally accompanied by the rising trend of coal chemical accidents. Because accidents of coal chemical industry are easy to cause heavy casualties, property losses and environmental pollution, it is important particularly to prevent accidents of coal chemical industry. In order to understand the research status of coal-based synthetic oil risk early warning, this article mainly reviewed the research status and the main research achievements of the risk index system of chemical industry in recent years. Taking risk identification, risk evaluation and risk early warning process as the main line, and compared the advantages and disadvantages of different early warning indicators system. And based on the study of coal-based synthetic oil related process flow, we forecasted the development trend of the risk early warning for coal-based synthetic oil.
Power Supply Reliability Assessment Including Island Division and Network Reconfiguration
Authors: Fu Xiaofei , Chen Ran , Wang Min , Wu Chao , Shen Bing , Yang Chao , Wang Yun
Published: August 2020

After the power distribution system (DS) fails, a single power supply recovery method will cause certain loads to fail to recover in time. To improve the reliability of distribution systems with distributed generation, this paper proposes a two-stage network restoration reliability assessment method considering island division and network reconfiguration. In the process of network fault recovery, firstly, distributed generation is used to supply power to the load point of power loss, islanding of the network after fault with the aim of minimizing power loss. Then the residual network is reconstructed and optimized by considering the network loss and voltage quality. Finally, the improved ieee33 node network is simulated based on Monte Carlo simulation method. The results show that this method is superior and can realize real-time load transfer, reduce power loss, improve the reliability of DS and the economy of system operation, Considering the continuous change of the network structure, the running state of the system can be described more accurately.
Study of the Development of Low-Carbon Energy in Beijing
Authors: Fu Jiaxin , Liu Yingqi
Published: August 2020

As in recent years Beijing has stuck to the new concept of development with the supply-side structural reform as the main thread, its socioeconomic growth has ushered in a new pattern revolving around the strategic positioning of the capital city. Meanwhile, the energy demand and supporting task of megacities have become more complicated and diverse and raised higher requirements for energy development. By drawing urban carbon emission charts, this article conducts an in-depth analysis of the carbon emissions of Beijing in 2017 largely in light of the supply side and the consumer end. The results show that total carbon emissions of Beijing are on the decrease, mainly because Beijing has continuously optimized its energy structure with a significantly increased proportion of clean energy, energetically developed renewable energies and continued to increase the rate of comprehensive energy utilization.
SSO Suppression Strategy of DFIG-Based Wind Turbine Based on Impedance Reshaping
Authors: Liu Qihui , Shi Chun , Pang Simin
Published: August 2020

In order to suppress the sub-synchronous oscillation (SSO) of DFIG-based wind power generation system, a new suppression strategy based on impedance reshaping is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the impedance model of DFIG-based wind power generation system set in static coordinate system is established, and the mechanism of SSO is analyzed through aggregated RLC equivalent circuit. Then, an impedance reshaping suppression strategy is proposed, the impedance model with additional suppression strategy is established, and its suppression mechanism is explained. Finally, the effectiveness of the impedance reshaping suppression strategy is verified by semi-physical experimental.
Research on Gas Mixing Characteristics and Combustion Performance of Micro Burner with Different Channel Angle
Authors: Long Peng , She Yanwen , Chen Hongjie
Published: August 2020

In this study, the cold and hot processes at different incident angles of the micro-burner are numerically simulated, and the flow field, concentration field and temperature field in the burner are analysed. The mixing effect of cold H2 and air streams is the worst when the angle is 15°, and the best while the angle is 75°.When considering the combustion process, the velocity distribution of air and H2 is similar to the cold state. The combustion temperature rises first, and the average temperature rise rate gradient of the section is the largest while the angle is 15°. The section temperature reaches the maximum in the length of 15mm. When the space of the micro-burner is sufficient, the angle has little effect on the combustion process. In the vicinity of the entrance section, different angles of incidence have a greater impact on the position of the fire in the burner and the violent reaction zone.
Theoretical Analysis of a Novel Tidal Current Energy Converter
Authors: Wu S , Wang S J , Liu Y J
Published: August 2020

Low tidal current velocity can be observed in most coastal areas of China. However, the device suitable for the effective conversion of tidal current energy under low flow velocity, and this conversion is necessary for tidal current energy extraction. This paper proposes a novel tidal current energy converter based on vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and artificial muscles. The converter uses the VIV phenomenon in the flow of the cylinder vibrator to efficiently convert the kinetic energy of the tidal current into the kinetic energy of the moving parts and uses the inverse phenomenon of the electric-motion characteristic of artificial muscles to directly convert the kinetic energy into electrical energy. This paper also discusses the VIV characteristics of the converter’s vibrator when connected to nonlinear damping. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and prototype testing were used to determine the influence of various parameters on its hydrodynamic properties and a selection of structural parameters to achieve an optimal performance index. The analysis results showed that the prototype of the converter worked successfully when the flow velocity of the water was in the range of 0.5 m s−1 to 0.75 m s−1.
Key Issues in the Application of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fracturing in Unconventional Gas Well
Authors: Zhou Yi , Ni Hongjian , Shen Zhonghou , Teng Xueqing
Published: August 2020

Supercritical carbon dioxide is a promising approach to enhance oil recovery in a greener way compared to conventional fracturing technology. SC-CO2 fracturing has advantages of the complicated fracture network, low formation pollution, and methane replacement on account of its good performance of permeability, anhydrous fracturing fluid, less chemical additives, and solubility. Technical features and research state of SC-CO2 fracturing were discussed in this paper. Key issues in the application of SC-CO2 fracturing was summarized in the following aspects: Flow laws of SC-CO2 in the wellbore and fracture need to be lucubrated to provide a basis for fracturing design; Interactions between formation rock and SC-CO2 need to be studied to find the Fracture propagation laws; The proppant-carrying laws need to be explained clearly to form better support effect of the fracture; Effective CO2 tackifier and ultra-light proppant need to be found to improve the proppant-carrying capacity; SC-CO2 source and fracturing devices should be further considered to reduce the cost, increase the efficiency ensure production safety of SC-CO2 fracturing.
The Spatial Distribution and Potential for Energy Recovery of Urban-Rural Wastes in Guangdong Province, Southern China
Authors: Xiao Huaping , Tang Zhihua , Tan Yunkai , Yi Linzi
Published: August 2020

Wastes-to-energy (WTE) has been widely recognized as an effective way to save resources while minimizing environmental pollution, which has become the key issue for a sustainable society. Urban-rural wastes include all kinds of waste generated during human activities, which have a wide range from municipal solid waste (MSW) to agricultural residues and animal excrement, etc. In order to evaluate their potential for energy recovery and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation in Guangdong province, the generation, spatial distribution and energy potential of three typical waste streams (i.e. MSW, agricultural residues and animal excrement) were investigated using statistical and estimation methods. Results showed that: (1) MSW was mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta, but agricultural residues and animal excrement mainly distributed in the East Wing, West Wing and Mountainous Areas; (2) energy potential of studied wastes at least can reach 15.661 million tons of coal-equivalent and corresponding GHG mitigation is 41.720 million tons CO2 equivalent. The pattern of distributed utilization may be appropriate for rural wastes, such as agricultural residues and animal excrement, because recycling is difficult due to they are dispersed distribution. Results of this study may help decision-makers to evaluate the proper management of urban-rural wastes and can be a reference for other developing countries.
Controllable Fabrication of a Hierarchical CuO-Al2O3/C Composite from Green Algae for Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen
Authors: Zhang Xiangjun
Published: August 2020

In this work, a hierarchical composite with copper-alumina loaded on biochar from green algae (H-CuAl/BC) was prepared and removal process of ammonia nitrogen from simulation wastewater was developed. The composites were characterized by using SEM, XRD, BET and FTIR to investigate their morphologies and structures. The effects of temperature, dosage, initial ammonia concentration were investigated. The BET surface area of H-CuAl/BC was 302.3 m2/g. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic model of the adsorption of AN onto H-CuAl/BC from the simulated solution were investigated and the adsorption mechanism was discussed. In addition, the maximum adsorption capacity was achieved 52.89 mg/g. The mechanism of AN adsorption include the micropore adsorption by Va n der Waals forces, electrostatic attraction of hierarchical Al2O3 and complexation by copper-based.
Simulation Study on Urea Thermal Decomposition for SCR Process of Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Yu Xiaowei , Liu Yi , Zhou Yu , Wang Yanpeng , Zhang Yang , Zhu Yue
Published: August 2020

Urea was used for SCR reducer in many power plants, but its pyrolysis process was very complex, and this process was showed by the TGA-DSC experimental results. An effective method for urea-water solution thermal decomposition was investigated in this paper. The factors of temperature, O2 concentration and catalyst had been mainly studied and analyzed. It can be concluded that in range of 200-650 °C, with temperature increasing, the NH3 conversion rate increased, HNCO could be hydrolyzed to produce NH3 and CO2 when temperature was higher than 400 °C, and the NH3 conversion rate was higher than 50%, and the maximal NH3 conversion rate was 85.1% when temperature was 650 °C; NH3 conversion rate decreased with O2 concentration in carrier gas increasing. More NH3 was produced by hydrolysis of HNCO on SCR catalyst below 400 °C, because the hydrolysis of HNCO took place at temperature lower than 400 °C mainly, however, the promotion of catalyst for hydrolysis of HNCO was not observed at higher temperature.
The Sorption of Iodine by Modified Layered Double Hydroxides from Aqueous Solutions: Effects of Intercalation Groups and Cationic Ratio
Authors: Zhang Ling , Zhang Miaomiao , Zhao Hongting , Zhang Dong
Published: August 2020

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been considered as one of promising sorbents to treat radioactive iodine contaminated soil. In the study, we investigate the effects of intercalation anions and cationic ratio of LDHs on the sorption of iodine from aqueous. The results from kinetic and isotherm sorption experiments showed that intercalation of organic anions (e.g., SDBS, SDS) and higher Mg:Al ratio (e.g., 4:1) have a benefit for the sorption of iodine. The sorption affinity (L·kg−1) of iodine with LDHs followed the order: SDS (604.5) > SDBS (528.2) > Cl− (514.2) > CO3
2- (461.8) > SO4
2- (311.4) and 4:1 (2912) > 3:1 (514.2)> 2:1 (281.2). It seems that the intercalation of SDBS and SDS provide additional aromatic structures, which is responsible to the specific binding between aromatic carbon with iodine.
Review of Tires Wear Particles Emission Research Status
Authors: Zhang Xinfeng , Chen Ping , Liu Fengyang
Published: August 2020

Tires ae the only components of the vehicle that direct contact with the ground. Tires act as the roles of the vehicle loading, driving and steering and so on. In the process of driving, the small particles will generate from the wear between tires and ground that are released to the atmosphere, soil and river. Considering tires wear principle, test methods, environmental effect and the working process of UN WP29 GRPE PMP group, this article give the summary and analysis. This article will briefly describe the generation and physical characteristics of tire wear particles, also include the test methods, transportation path and environmental effect.
Effects of Electro-fermentation on Increasing Lipid Extraction from Schizochytrium
Authors: Huang Kaiguo , Wang Lu , Tian Weikun , Wang Dian , Shi Yue , Zhang Kun
Published: August 2020

In this study, electro-fermentation was used as one of the ways to break the wall of microalgal biomass. Schizochytrium is a marine microalga rich in lipids. Chloroform and methanol are excellent solvents for extracting lipids from microalgae in that they can surmount the obstacles of cell walls, but they are too contaminated and exorbitant and are not suitable for large-scale fuel production. For the purpose of improving the extraction rate of microalgae lipid, utilizing electro-fermentation, the crude lipids content was increased by 55.6%, the lipids extraction efficiency was increased by 1373% after extraction with a series of solvents. Compared with 100% Bligh & Dyer, 80% lipids yield can be obtained by using only a small amount of chloroform, methanol and isopropanol.This study demonstrates that electro-fermentation could be an effective and energy-saving method of increasing lipid extraction efficiency from Schizochytrium.
Changes in Physical Properties of Hydrate Deposit during Hydrate Formation and Dissociation
Authors: Zheng Mingming , Wang Xiaoyu , Wei Meng , Wang Kai , Liu Tianle , Jiang Guosheng
Published: August 2020

The microscopic distribution pattern of hydrates in pores is closely related to the accuracy of seismic data and acoustic data in the exploration of hydrate resources, and has important influence on the permeability and mechanical stability of reservoirs during mining. This study performed macro-micro experiments of tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate formation and dissociation in solution and pore space. Dissociation characteristics of pore hydrate with different saturation and distribution pattern were observed, 2D and 3D models were built, fluid and quartz particle migration, channel blockage and reformation were captured and analysed. Results demonstrated that, as the concentration of THF in the solution increases from 19%, 24% to 29%, the main distribution pattern of the hydrate formed in the pores gradually changes from pore filling, particle cementation to skeleton supporting, while the dissociation behaviour of pore hydrate mainly happened at the pore filled area, particle surface and the particle connection area. As the saturation increases, the amount of water generated by dissociation increases, the more obvious the water migration, the greater the impact on the stability of the particles, and the more the formation of channels and blockages. During field methane recovery, controlling the dissociation rate of hydrates and fluid migration rate are helpful to maintain reservoir mechanical stability. Therefore, when temperature and pressure conditions are relatively stable, increasing the drainage channel can effectively reduce the turbulent oscillation, the impact on particle stability and blockage of sand production channel.
Risk Assessment of Sudden Water Pollution Accidents Based on the One-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Model for Weihe River Basin, China
Authors: Liu Yinge , Zhang Yonggang , Long Yan , Wang Lingang
Published: August 2020

The frequent water pollution incidents can lead to deterioration of water environment and increase risk of endangering people’s health. According to the characteristics of sudden water pollution accidents, a one-dimensional river-water pollution model was established in this study using hydrodynamic method. Then, taking the Weihe river basin as an example, the longest distance, size of longitudinal dissociation, and the risk range of contaminants were estimated via the model. Moreover, the changes of contaminant concentration risk in the different flow were assessed by the emergency measures of water diversion, which could achieve the purpose of improving water quality in a short time, and greatly reduce the risk of water pollution accidents. The results showed that, in the flow of 30m3.s−1 and 60m3.s−1 the maximum contaminant distance moved forward 34% and 49% than natural condition. Meanwhile, the maximum concentration was decreased by 30 to 40% and the total length section was approximately reduced by 25 to 45%. These validations have showed the method is an ideal tool for making pollution accident emergency treatment. However, the parameters of the model should be adjusted for different watersheds. This study can provide the basis for the water pollution risk decision management.
Improving the Viscosity of Polymer Solutions Prepared with Sewage through Bio-competitive Exclusion in Shengli Oilfield
Authors: Du Chun’an , Xu Peng
Published: August 2020

This paper summarized and analyzed the research and application of biocompetitive exclusion technique to remove sulfides produced in wastewater and inhibit SRB from producing new sulfides to mitigate the loss of viscosity of polymer solutions prepared with sewage water in the Shengli Oilfield. The results indicated that by adding a regulator can activate NR-SOB and RB in sewage water, which inhibit SRB activity and prevent them for producing new sulfides by competing for nutrient substrates and living space. The inhibition of SRB leads to improved polymer solution viscosity and high viscosity stability.
Optimal Design of Presplit Blasting Network of Deep Concave Open-Pit Mine Slope with Heterogeneous Complex Rock Mass
Authors: Chen Yajun , Zhao Juanjuan , Cao De
Published: August 2020

To ensure that the mining steps of deep concave open-pit coal mines with heterogeneous complex rock masses in arid areas are safely bounded by the design requirements and form a fixed side wall, to avoid the occurrence of instability and disaster caused by blasting vibration, based on non-homogeneous rock mass structure, lithology characteristics, fracture surface composition, morphology and joints, analysis of fissure development trend, and case studies of wedge-shaped landslide accident caused by blasting vibration, we proposed: (1) The pre-split instantaneous denotation charge is the dosage used for the segment unit charge of the primary blast hole and buffer hole, and it’s used for calculating . Based on this, the time intervals of segmented detonating cord and fuse are calculated and the actual detonating unit charge is decided. (2) Leave lateral free surface on the fixed side boundary and drill inclined blast holes along the slope of the steps, connect detonating cords to the blasting network, multi-point instantaneous detonate uncoupled segmented charge holes, use the pre-crack and fracture surface to reduce the damage caused by the explosion shock wave of the primary and buffer blasting holes. (3) The main blast hole and buffer hole are connected by non-conductive detonating cord and “four-way” blasting network, couple continuous concentrated charge using non-conductive detonating cord and fuse plus or detonator plus segmented ammonium dynamite initiator and expanded ammonium oil charge for millisecond interval detonation. Control the number of blasting holes and unit detonating charge over equal segments of fuse and detonating cord, reduce the impact of close-range blasting vibration of vertical deep holes on fixed side wall and step slope. Results of the blasting experiment show that using the technology of detonating cord in combination with non-conductive detonator’s pre-split hole millisecond differential blasting network plus reserved free face and segmented unit charge detonation, provide 1-2 blasting lateral free face or positive free face, making the blasting effect dispersed around the blasting hole. It has better solved the major safety problem of instability and disaster caused by the blasting effect on the fixed border-to-boundary steps of deep concave open-pit mine in arid region.
Study on the Mode and Strategy of Rural Land Circulation Management Based on the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy
Authors: Zhong Wen , Zhong Changbiao , Zheng Minggui
Published: August 2020

Rural land circulation is of great practical significance to ease the contradiction between urban and rural land supply and demand, to realize the complementarity of urban and rural resources, economic integration, urbanization and construction, and the land circulation mode chosen to adopt is related to the efficiency of land resource utilization. At present, China has made fruitful achievements in the exploration of land circulation mode, but there are still many problems in the current agricultural land circulation mode, so we should start from the national conditions of our country and the development situation of different regions, adhere to the principle of science, and construct a reasonable model of agricultural land circulation.
Optimization Design Method Based on Energy Balance Calculations for Passive House
Authors: Chen Mengyuan , Gao Caifeng , Yu Zhen , Wang Jianghua
Published: August 2020

The Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) is a design tool for energy efficiency for architects and engineers. It uses a quasi-state energy consumption calculation method given by ISO 13790 to calculate the heating, cooling, primary energy demand and renewable energy production of buildings. Based on the technical requirements and energy demand goal of Passive House, this paper analyzes the energy balance calculation model of PHPP software, and developed a Matlab program to find the optimal design parameters. Validated by applying the program to typical projects, the calculation result of the program has acceptable precision, thus can be used for rapid comparison of a large number of passive energy-saving plans, to optimize the design of Passive House based on predicted energy performance.
An Evaluation on the Transformation of Energy-Based Cities in China
Authors: Zhao Fang , Meng Wei , Zhang Huan
Published: August 2020

This paper selects 11 typical energy-based cities in China, constructs the transformation evaluation index system of energy-based cities, and adopts the principal component analysis to conduct comprehensive evaluation on transformative capability and transformation effect of these cities. The study found that, due to the solid economic base and abundant human resource reserve, supporting capacity of industrial transformation is strong in petroleum-based cities, whose transformation effects are also fairly good. Whereas there exists great difference in transformation effects among coal-based cities, which is mainly attributed to the significant difference in development stage, economic base, resource condition and industrial transformation policy of each city. Local governments are suggested to closely combine specific conditions of their city and take following measures to further promote the smooth transformation, such as optimize and upgrade the original industrial system, strengthen support for finance and monetary, create favorable external environment for the transformation etc.
Distributions, Source and Pollution Status of Heavy Metals of Urban Soil in Xining, China
Authors: Han Li , Li Yun
Published: August 2020

In recent years, the topsoil has suffered from remarkable heavy metal contamination with a rapid development of urbanization and industrialization in Xining. However, there are less detailed studies on the heavy metals contamination in Xining topsoil. We collected 40 soils samples from the upper 5 cm of the soil layer and detected the concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, As, Sb, Cr, Ni in the soil by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and that of Hg was tested by mercury detector. Compared with Chinese other part of soil, the concentrations of heavy metals in urban soils of Xining were significantly higher, and the average values of Zn, Cd, Sb, Pb and Hg were 9.13, 72.96, 5.30, 6.13, and 8.23 times as high as their corresponding background values, respectively. On the basis of the results of the correlation coefficient analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), the spatial distribution pattern analysis and heavy metal ratio analysis, we discovered that Hg, As, Cu, Sb, Pb, Cd and Zn had similar patterns, and their hotspots were primarily associated with three industrial districts in Xining, especially the Ganhe Industrial District in the southwest of Xining, while Cr and Ni mainly came from the natural source (loess around Xining). Heavy metal enrichment factor (EF) further confirms the source identification and degree of contamination. Moreover, the wind direction analysis shows the southwest and northwest winds transport lots of pollutions from the industry districts to the urban zones. The results of this paper clearly highlight that all people in xining are in sore need of pulling together to control industrial emissions/site, and meanwhile remedy seriously contaminated urban soils.
Effects of Different Air distributions on the Thermal Environment in the Office
Authors: Wu Haodong , Mu Yanjuan , Wang Jianfei
Published: August 2020

Three kinds of air distribution, including “upper supply and top return”, “upper supply and lower return” and displacement ventilation, are researched in an office building by fluent simulation software, the effect of the air distribution to the indoor environment can be obtained by analyzing the temperature and velocity distribution. Three physical models (10X20X2.75, widthX lengthX height, unit: m) with different air distribution are established in the research, the temperature field and velocity field are obtained by simulation. The results show that it is beneficial to creating a uniform temperature field and weakening the thermal discomfort caused by draught when the “upper supply and lower return” mode is applied in the office. However, the air vents in the lower part of the room need to be kept clean, otherwise the indoor air quality will be deteriorated, therefore, the selection of air distribution will lead to differences in the initial structure and economy.
Dynamic Relation between Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy Consumption: Evidence from ECOWAS Region
Authors: Moustapha M A M , Yu Q , Danqauh B A
Published: August 2020

This paper studies Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) economic growth and renewable energy consumption (REC) dynamic relation over the period of 2002 to 2016. This study conducts an empirical analysis using Autoregressive Distributed Lag- Bounds approach (ARDL) and VECM based on Granger causality. The results show that renewable energy consumption has significant and positive impact on economic growth; also show unidirectional Granger Causality from renewable energy consumption and the percentage of electricity access to economic growth. In addition, findings indicate bidirectional Granger causality between economic growth and carbon dioxide emission. Moreover our findings indicate that REC increase by 1 per cent leads to 0.009 increases in Real GDP in long run. Therefore, REC can play an important role to ensure sustainable development in the ECOWAS. However, further investments and policies to promote renewable energy consumption are required to enhance sustainable development the region.
Research on Short-Term Prediction Method and Application of Energy Consumption in Guangzhou and its Districts
Authors: Zhang Y T , Cai G T , Ke S J , Gao L P
Published: August 2020

Guangzhou’s energy consumption accounts for 24.9% of the energy consumption of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). The improvement of Guangzhou’s energy management system has a significant impact and exemplary role on the energy management of GBA. Therefore, Guangzhou needs annual, quarterly and monthly energy consumption prediction for the requirements of energy consumption control and establishment of refined energy management system. Meanwhile, due to the lack of historical data, it also needs a short-term prediction method of energy consumption with short cycle and small sample. The paper provided variety of city level prediction methods and all districts energy consumption prediction method to predict the energy consumption of Guangzhou in 2018.Then this paper verify the prediction methods, and apply them to the prediction of energy consumption in 2019 and 2020. The results show that in the case of short-term prediction and small data samples, we can use a variety of factors to predict the energy consumption by refining the data collection area. And the result of all districts energy consumption prediction method is closer to the actual value than that of other methods. However, there are some difficulties in data collection of districts. Thus, in order to establish an accurate short-term prediction method, it is also necessary to strengthen the combination of city and district level energy monitoring and management systems, and expands the channels for collection and summary of district level energy data. Finally, in the future, the prediction method can be applied to GBA after the establishment of unified energy information statistics system of each city in GBA.
Study on Environmental Benefits through Life Cycle Value Co-creation in B2C Sharing Economy
Authors: Wu Yi , Zhang Dandan , Nie Jing
Published: August 2020

In B2C sharing economy, businesses and individual customers temporally trade product-based services through sharing platform. Life cycle management provides a good insight to assess the environmental benefits in such sharing environment. This paper discusses how information is generated during consumption and how information sharing facilitates life cycle value co-creation to enrich environmental benefits eventually. An in-depth case study is conducted to examine Mobike’s practices as a bike sharing case in China. It is concluded that customers join with businesses in value co-creation for service sharing in B2C sharing economy. Through well-established platforms, various types of information are co-created during consumption can be shared and serve as valuable input for life cycle management to co-create more values. Ultimately, environmental benefits can be expanded and enriched.
Study and Practical on Eco-environment Sustainable Development of Ecological Flow Design on Kohala Hydro-Power Project under “China-Pakistan Economic Corridor” in Pakistan
Authors: Zhang Jun , Bai Xiansheng
Published: August 2020

The “Belt and Road” Initiative proposed by China in 2013 creates a cooperation platform and development opportunity both for China and Pakistan. The “China-Pakistan Economic Corridor” (“CPEC”) cooperation agreements [1] of many energy and infrastructure projects were successfully signed and implemented under the initiative. Given China and Pakistan are all-weather strategic cooperation partners, construction of CPEC projects plays crucial strategic role [2] with political implication. Many Chinese companies and Chinese standards involved in these projects, though offered with good opportunity “Going Abroad” and environment, are significantly confronted with political risk, environmental risk, legal risk, safety/security risk and religion-cultural difference. Stressing the study on Eco-environment Sustainable Development of Kohala Hydro-power Project(KHP), one of the actively promoted schemes under CPEC, and reviewing the research, analysis and argumentation conducted by several international and domestic consultants on ecological flow, the paper finally determines scientific and rational ecological flow in the project and effectively mitigates environmental risk and social risk, achieving its long term cooperation and sustainable development in terms of environment protection, social stability and economic benefit.
Numerical Simulation of Near-Surface Atmospheric Conditions during a Radiation Fog over the Complex Terrain
Authors: Zhang Feimin , Ren Bohang , Dou Chunlei , Wang Chenghai
Published: August 2020

Numerical simulation of near-surface atmosphere during a radiation fog episode over the complex terrain is conducted. Results indicate that, the simulation of near-surface atmospheric wind, temperature, and humidity are very sensitive to land surface and boundary layer parameterization schemes. Simulation impacts of land surface and boundary layer scheme are manifested mainly in near-surface thermodynamic and dynamic quantities, respectively. The NOAH land surface scheme evidently overestimates the near-surface temperature, while underestimates the near-surface dew point and humidity during the fog formation period. The MYNN boundary layer scheme outperforms in near-surface wind simulation than other schemes. Combination of RUC land surface scheme and MYNN boundary layer scheme best simulates and reproduces the near-surface atmospheric conditions. Inter-comparison on the dynamic and thermodynamic of near-surface atmosphere among the experiments indicates that the simulation discrepancies are mainly in near-surface atmospheric stability, which could be the key factor in affecting the simulation performances. In particular, during the fog period, near-surface atmosphere is dominated by stable stratification, and the vertical velocity is relatively weak; before and after the fog period, the near-surface atmospheric stability is unstable.
Practice and Consideration on Restoration of Sandbar-Lagoon Geomorphology: A Case Study on Fudu Estuary Sandbar
Authors: Wang Peng , Lin Xia , Yan Jishun , Zhang Lianjie , Yu Yonghai
Published: August 2020

With the development and construction of the coastal economic belt, the marine ecological environment is under great pressure. The typical river mouth sandbar - lagoon hydro-geomorphological system is facing unprecedented threats, and it is extremely urgent to restore this typical geomorphological system. Taking the Fudu River Mouth Sandbar as a case study, combining with the characteristics of surrounding marine resources and the current situation of exploitation and utilization of sea area, this paper puts forward various ecological restoration measures including the construction of landscape ecological corridor, sandbar maintenance, demolition of reclamation works and structures, landscape park construction, on-line water quality monitoring, fisherman wharf reconstruction, etc. to solve the major problems in this area. This paper also suggests that, during the implementation of marine ecological restoration, the following measures should be taken, including to establish a library of coastline remediation and restoration projects within the study area, give full play to the technological advantages of universities and research institutes at the national and provincial levels, strengthen scientific and technological support, and implement the target-oriented responsibility system for marine ecological remediation and restoration by taking marine ecological remediation and restoration targets as indicators to assess cadres’ performance
Research on the Development of Green Buildings in China
Authors: Zhang Duwei , Wu Wanjing , Fang Ping
Published: August 2020

With the development of social economy, the environmental problems caused by traditional buildings are becoming increasingly obvious, which has aroused widespread concern in the society. The main social contradictions in China changed in 2017, which means that people have put forward higher requirements for other aspects of a better life, such as the environment. China’s economic structure is centered on heavy pollution and low-end manufacturing. In the long run, the cost of restoring the environment is much higher than the profitability of the enterprise. In addition, some resources are not renewable, and the mining industry is bound to face the problem of resource depletion. Therefore, China’s development model needs to be transformed. In the context of the conversion of old and new kinetic energy, green buildings are gradually becoming the mainstream of the construction industry. This article mainly introduces the development status of green buildings in China, exposes the existing problems and gives corresponding measures to better achieve sustainable development.