bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЗАХИСТ ЦИВІЛЬНОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: Шутяк Ірина , Іншеков Михайло , Євтушок Володимир
Published: February 2023

В роботі розглядається поняття воєнного стану. Актуальність теми зумовлена й тим, що норми, які врегульовують проблему захисту цивільного населення, як вразливої категорії, містяться у різних міжнародних договорах і більшість з них мають високий ступінь д
УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ СТРАТЕГІЇ УПРАВЛІННЯ ВИРОБНИЧИМ ПОТЕНЦІАЛОМ ГОТЕЛЬНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors: Свідло Карина , Завада Катерина
Published: February 2023

У статті розглянуто стратегію управління кадровим потенціалом мережі готелів на прикладі українських підприємств французької багатонаціональної компанії у сфері гостинності Accor S.A. Вказано етапи формування стратегічного управління кадровим потенціалом.
ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ТОЧНОСТІ АВІАЦІЙНОЇ ГРАВІМЕТРИЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ З ТРАНСФОРМАТОРНИМ ГРАВІМЕТРОМ В ЯКОСТІ ЧУТЛИВОГО ЕЛЕМЕНТА
Authors: Безвесільна Олена , Гриневич Марія , Толочко Тетяна
Published: February 2023

Актуальність авіаційних гравіметричних вимірювань є безперечною. Відомі авіаційні гравіметри мають як переваги так і недоліки, які визначено в цій статті. В основі даної роботи – висвітлення методів та засобів покращення точності авіаційної гравіметричної
ЧАТ-БОТ ЯК СОЦІАЛЬНИЙ ФУНКЦІОНАЛ ДЛЯ ОСІБ З ОСОБЛИВИМИ ПОТРЕБАМИ В ІНДУСТРІЇ ГОСТИННОСТІ
Authors: Любарець Владислава , Бірюкова Олександра
Published: February 2023

У статті наголошується на важливості і особливості інклюзії в індустрії гостинності з передбаченням спроможності державних інституцій враховувати інтереси всіх членів суспільства. В роботі досліджуються проблеми удосконалення комунікацій в індустрії гости
ТРАВ'ЯНИСТІ ДЕКОРАТИВНІ РОСЛИНИ ДЛЯ ЛАНДШАФТНОГО ДИЗАЙНУ
Authors: Шакалій Світлана , Баган Алла , Юрченко Світлана
Published: February 2023

Декоративні рослини: квіти, кущі, дерева – використовують для зеленого будівництва, вони прикрашають наші міста і села. Створено десятки тисяч садів, парків, лісопарків, скверів, зелених насаджень навколо житлових будинків, шкіл, лікарень, санаторіїв. Дек
ФАКТОРИ РИЗИКУ ЗНИЖЕННЯ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИХ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ СЕРЦЕВО-СУДИННОЇ СИСТЕМИ ШКОЛЯРІВ
Authors: Мельничук Лариса , Вострикова Ірина
Published: February 2023

Стаття присвячена проблемі зниження функціональних можливостей серцево-судинної системи дітей під час фізичних навантажень. З кожним роком кількість школярів, які допускаються до занять фізичною культурою в основній групі зменшується: з 81,4% у 2008 роц
ВОЛЬНЫЕ РАЗМЫШЛЕНИЯ ПСИХОАНАЛИТИКА, ПСИХИАТРА НА ВОЛНУЮЩИЕ СОБЫТИЯ, ПРОИСХОДЯЩИЕ В МИРЕ СЕЙЧАС
Authors: Рахманов Вагиф , Рахманов Васиф
Published: February 2023

Данная работа посвящена событиям, происходящим сегодня в мире, анализу психологического восприятия человеком своей роли в окружающей среде.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Давиденко О.М. , Мироник О.В.
Published: February 2023

The work deals with the organization of the educational process in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Issues of advantages and disadvantages of various forms of education are discussed. Distance education is not an alternative, but only one of the a
УПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ПЕДАГОГІЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ТАКТИЧНО-СТРАТЕГІЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ФАХІВЦІВ У ГАЛУЗІ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ В ПРАКТИКУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТСЬКОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Шаравара Володимир
Published: February 2023

У статті розглянуто процес упровадження педагогічної системи формування тактично-стратегічної компетентності студентів галузі знань «Інформаційні технології» у практику університетської освіти. Наведено зміст трьох етапів: мотиваційно-ціннісного, практичн
FEATURES OF THE ADAPTABILITY OF MILITARY SERVANTS
Authors: Теслюк Валентина , Морус Тетяна
Published: February 2023

The article establishes that the successful adaptation of combatants to peaceful life is defined as resilient reintegration. Peculiarities of adaptability of military personnel were studied. It was found that a sufficient level of adaptation is observed i
АДМІНІСТРАТИВНО-ПРАВОВА ТА ІНШІ ВИДИ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ ЗА ПРАВОПОРУШЕННЯ У БУДІВЕЛЬНІЙ ГАЛУЗІ
Authors: Тарасюк Ю.В.
Published: February 2023

дослідити особливості та сутність самочинного будівництва та надати рекомендації з приводу правового регулювання відповідних питань в Україні. Методи дослідження: дана наукова праця написана авторкою із використанням загальновизнаних методів наукового піз
PROBLEM OF ALTRUISM MANIFESTATION AND ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR BY YOUNG PEOPLE IN MODERN SOCIETY
Authors: Спицька Ліана
Published: February 2023

Under the influence of a society other people and interaction with them, specific standards of behaviour are formed and a person evaluates others with the help of those standards. But communication between members of the same group who are in the same sit
КОМУНІКАТИВНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ЯК ПЕДАГОГІЧНА ПРОБЛЕМА
Authors: Древняк Лада
Published: February 2023

В даній статті привертається увага до актуальності проблеми комунікативного розвитку, розкривається суть поняття комунікативна діяльність, проводиться паралель між визначеннями понять спілкування та комунікативна діяльність, доводиться їхня тотожність, п
МЕТОДИКА ВИХОВНОЇ РОБОТИ НАСТАВНИКА ЗІ СТУДЕНТСЬКОЮ МОЛОДДЮ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: Маценко Леся , Бричка Ірина , Мельник Альона
Published: February 2023

У роботі розглядаються напрямки виховної роботи наставника із студентською групою в умовах війни.
АКТУАЛІЗАЦІЯ ПОНЯТТЯ ДЕКОЛОНІЗОВАНОЇ СВІДОМОСТІ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ПИСЬМЕННИКА НА ТЛІ СУЧАСНИХ РЕАЛІЙ
Authors: Векуа Оксана
Published: February 2023

З метою формування цілісного уявлення про особливості репрезентації в українській ліриці деколонізованої свідомості, у дослідженні здійснено спробу аналізу різних ідейно-тематичних пластів поезії (громадянська, філософська, історична, інтимна, пейзажна).
ВПЛИВ КОЛИСКОВОЇ ПІСНІ НА СВІДОМІСТЬ І ПІДСВІДОМІСТЬ ДИТИНИ. ОНІРИЧНА ТА АПОТРОПЕЇЧНА ФУНКЦІЇ
Authors: Марчун Оксана
Published: February 2023

У статті представлені результати дослідження текстів колискових пісень які мають особливий вплив на свідомість та підсвідомість дитини. Колискова пісня є жанром народної родинної лірики, багатої на образність та різноманіття мотивів, що яскраво проаналі
Properties of fiberboards manufactured with use of modified carbamide-formaldehyde resin of the KFK-SF brand
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University) (MGTUB), Mytishchi Branch, Moscow District, Mytishchi, Pasko Yu. V. , Machneva O. P. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University) (MGTUB), Mytishchi Branch, Moscow District, Mytishchi
Published: February 2023

The production technology of fiberboards by a dry method with the use of carbamide-formaldehyde resin of the KFK-SF brand modified with fusel fraction (a mixture of alcohols) is considered. The effect of the modified binder on the physical-mechanical properties of the obtained materials has been studied.
Vliyaniye kardovogo polisul'fona na vyazkouprugiye svoystva epoksidnykh polimerov 76 / 5 000 Результаты перевода Перевод Effect of Cardo Polysulfone on the Viscoelastic Properties of Epoxy Polymers
Authors:   Mendleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Polunin S.V. , Gorbunova I.Yu. , Kerber M.L. , Morozova P.A. , Kravchenko T.P. ,   Mendleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Kryuchkov I.A. ,   Dukhov Automatics Research Institute
Published: February 2023

In this work, the viscoelastic properties of epoxy polymers modified with cardo copolymer of polysulfone were studied. The dependence of the modulus of elasticity on temperature for epoxy polymers with different content of thermoplastic is shown. The effect of a thermoplastic modifier on the average glass transition temperature of cured epoxyamine binders has been studied.
We are Human before We are Woman
Authors: Susanti R Hariyani
Published: February 2023

A book of poetry about woman written by a woman
SYSTEMATIC IMMUNIZATION OF PLANTS AND ITS MECHANISMS
Authors: viaScience
Published: February 2023

The article contains information about the immune system of plants and its mechanisms. Factors of resistance to diseases of plants, genetics of resistance and pathogenicity, types of stability and multifaceted biological activities, including antiviral, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities of biologically active substances, which are the basis for many studies and of great practical importance in the immune system detailed information is provided.
The difference in seeing "Nature" between Japan and Western countries
Authors: Vourkoutiotis Sifis Sato
Published: February 2023

Abstract: Living in Japan means having a close relationship with nature. The Japanese way of thinking about nature is that "without plants and animals there would be no food, and the rain that falls from the sky accumulates in the mountains and forests, and people eat it." The Japanese view of nature is that "without plants and animals, there would be no food. The Japanese have the phrase "Itadakimasu" (Thank you for the food) as a basis for this belief.　The Christian view, however, is quite different. The idea is that God is the creator of all things, including man, and that man is a special being who looks most like God. Therefore, they believe that he is the administrator of the rest. And in the West, especially Christianity, man is considered to have the right to dominate and conquer nature. In fact, the basis for the Western view of nature as an object of conquest is mountain climbing. The expression "I have conquered the mountain" is often used in the West when the summit is reached. This background led people to believe that they could use nature freely, and the idea of "conquering" nature was born. At the same time, the opposite idea to that of Japan, that nature worship is uncivilized and socially unacceptable, was born.
ESG Transformation: A Roadmap for Russia’s Sustainable Development /– Tallinn : OPEN EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF PUBLIC SCIENCES OÜ, 2023.
Authors: Kudryashov Alexander
Published: February 2023

The monograph delves into the notion of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors and their pivotal role in achieving sustainable development. In recent years, ESG has gained significant traction as a yardstick for evaluating a company’s non-financial performance. Stakeholders and investors alike are increasingly acknowledging the significance of ESG factors in risk management, stakeholder engagement, and creating long-term value.The paper explores the key trends and challenges in the current business environment, such as the proliferation of ESG reporting standards, the need for more standardized and comparable ESG data, and the importance of stakeholder participation in ESG policy implementation decisions.The author underscores the alignment between sustainable development goals and ESG factors in corporate activities. The study provides examples of successful ESG implementation by companies from diverse economic sectors.The theoretical foundation of ESG is examined, outlining its core principles and the link between ESG and corporate performance. The paper identifies ESG factors as critical drivers of the sustainability process and provides a detailed analysis of each factor, highlighting the opportunities and challenges they present for ESG implementation.The study also investigates specific challenges and opportunities for ESG in emerging economies, with a particular focus on Russia, where geopolitical tensions and sanctions pressure complicate the transition to a more resilient economy in 2022. The monograph examines the risks and opportunities associated with ESG adoption for companies and investors operating under sanctions.An analysis of ESG implementation practices in Russian organizations based on case studies and empirical data is presented to illustrate the current state of ESG implementation in the country. The author identifies the main challenges and opportunities for companies in Russia.Overall, the paper offers evidence-based conclusions and recommendations for companies, investors, policymakers, and society to guide their efforts towards a more sustainable future. The author emphasizes the importance of continuous learning, adapting ESG policies to business needs, and collaboration between companies and stakeholders to effectively implement ESG factors, which have the potential to shape sustainable development in the 21st century.
Multilevel Modeling in Single-Case Studies with Count and Proportion Data: A Demonstration and Evaluation
Authors: Li Haoran
Published: February 2023

The outcomes in single-case experimental designs (SCEDs) are often counts or proportions. In our study, we provided a colloquial illustration for a new class of generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to fit count and proportion data from SCEDs. We also addressed important aspects in the GLMM framework including overdispersion, estimation methods, statistical inferences, model selection methods by detecting overdispersion, and interpretations of regression coefficients. We then demonstrated the GLMMs with two empirical examples with count and proportion outcomes in SCEDs. In addition, we conducted simulation studies to examine the performance of GLMMs in terms of biases and coverage rates for the immediate treatment effect and treatment effect on the trend. We also examined the empirical Type I error rates significance tests. Finally, we provided recommendations about how to make sound statistical decisions to use GLMMs based on the findings from simulation studies. Our hope is that this article will provide SCED researchers with the basic information necessary to conduct appropriate statistical analysis of count and proportion data in their own research and outline the future agenda for methodologist to explore the full potential of GLMMs to analyze or meta-analyze SCED data.
Essential materials for Bayesian Mindsponge Framework analytics
Authors: Mindsponge AISDL
Published: February 2023

Acknowledging that many members of the SM3D Portal need reference documents related to Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics to conduct research projects effectively, we present the essential materials and most up-to-date studies employing the method in this post. By summarizing all the publications and preprints associated with BMF analytics, we also aim to help researchers reduce the time and effort for information seeking, enhance proactive self-learning, and facilitate knowledge exchange and community dialogue through transparency.
Tratamiento del cáncer de próstata | MAURICIO MARTI BRENES
Authors: MARTI-BRENES Prof.MARTÍ
Published: February 2023

The median age at diagnosis of prostate cancer is 67 years.[ 1 ] Prostate cancer can be cured when localized and often responds to treatment when it is widespread. The rate of tumor growth ranges from very slow to moderately fast, and some patients may have prolonged survival even after the cancer has metastasized to distant sites, such as bone. The 5-year relative survival rate for men diagnosed in the United States between 2012 and 2018 with local or regional disease was greater than 99%, and the rate of distant disease was 32%; a 97% survival rate was observed for all stages combined.[ 2] Treatment approach is influenced by age and coexisting medical problems. The side effects of the various forms of treatment should be considered when selecting the appropriate management.
Reconsidering electroluminescence cooling of a heated diode
Authors: Kirk Alexander P
Published: February 2023

Electroluminescence cooling of a heated infrared-emitting diode has been claimed [P. Santhanam, D. J. Gray, Jr., and R. J. Ram, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 097403 (2012)]. After analyzing the operating characteristics of this diode, it is evident that electroluminescence cooling was not demonstrated.
一个初中生对平面内平行线相交的自我见解
Authors: 李炯楷
Published: February 2023

用直角三角形解释平面内平行线可以相交A right triangle explains that parallel lines in a plane can intersect
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES PLAYING AN IMPORTANT PLACE IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Authors: viaScience
Published: February 2023

The article discusses the role of biologically active substances and their derivatives in human health, which are the basis for many studies and have great practical importance in the immune system due to their versatile biological activities, including antiviral, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities of vitamins. detailed information is provided.
ChatGPT a breakthrough in science and education: Can it fail a test?
Authors: Szabo Attila
Published: February 2023

Released less than three months ago, ChatGPT became the center of attention of scholars around the world. This artificial intelligence (AI) language model has over 100 million subscribers worldwide and generates many discussions concerning its accuracy, advantages, and threats to science and education. Its accuracy in law, linguistics, mathematics, and medicine has already been evaluated. Most results suggest that ChatGPT could generate a passing grade in these domains. Its performance in combined subjects or social sciences has yet to be tested. The large amount of information in this general area may yield more accurate performance. Still, specific subjects in the field, with controversial research findings, can lead to significant errors, which teachers and researchers could quickly spot. In this study, ChatGPT was tested on its accuracy on exercise addiction, a subject in sports sciences and psychology associated with more than 1,000 publications. ChatGPT gave several correct answers to 20 questions but failed the test with 45%. Its performance was like in other already tested subjects. However, when prompted to write a general introductory editorial on AI’s role in sports, ChatGPT performed well. Plagiarism detectors could not identify the AI-originated text, but AI detectors did. Therefore, it can be concluded that the system does a relatively good job on general issues but needs further development in more specific areas. Students and scholars cannot rely on ChatGPT to do their job. Still, future versions could yield dilemmas of originality since the system does not provide information for its source(s) of information.
A new regime divide? Partisan affect and attitudes towards democratic backsliding
Authors: Gessler Theresa , Wunsch Natasha
Published: February 2023

Affective polarization has been posited as a key explanation for citizens’ tolerance towards democratic backsliding. Our study adopts the opposite perspective, theorizing partisan-based affective divides not as a cause of backsliding, but its consequence. We contend that backsliding crystallizes an affective dislike among opposition supporters towards the governing party and its supporters that stems from a divide over democracy itself. To explore this argument, we leverage original survey data collected in Hungary and Poland. Our results point to a government-opposition divide in partisan affect and show how liberal democratic attitudes especially among opposition party supporters play into this dynamic. We submit that where backsliding persists over a longer period, this process can shift even multi-party systems towards increasing bipolarity along what we term a ‘democratic divide.’ Ultimately, our findings suggest that affective polarization may play a positive role in backsliding contexts by uniting the opposition around the defense of democracy.
Fungsi Pengawasan Dokumen
Authors: Nazhifah Dini Nurul
Published: February 2023

Pengawasan Dokumen adalah Salah satu bagian dari Pengelolaan Arsip. Setelah dokumen di arsipkan maka perlu adanya pengawasan agar arsip tetap terjaga.
THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE ON THE EXTERNAL AUDIT FEE IN SHARIA SHARES
Authors: Rasid Abdu
Published: February 2023

Introduction: This study aims to determine the impact of corporategovernance structures on external fees in sharia stocks that areconsistently listed in JII in 2013-2018.Methods: The number of samples in this study recorded 12 consistentsharia stocks listed in the years 2013-2018. This study uses a quantitativeapproach with panel data analysis method.Results: The results show that the average size of the board ofcommissioners is six to seven people, the average size of the board ofdirectors is seven to eight people, the average size of the auditcommittees is three to four people, and the average size of the internalaudit is fifteen to sixteen people. The hypothesis test shows thatvariables which have a significant impact on the audit fee are the size ofthe board of commissioners and the internal audit. Meanwhile, the sizeof the board of directors and the audit committees do not have apositive impact on audit fees.Conclusion and suggestion: Companies use more funding from debt thantheir own capital. Judging from the liquidity ratio, it shows that thecompany is in a liquid state, which is very capable of fulfilling obligationsor debts that must be immediately paid by the company.
Nhiều nhà khoa học của ĐH Duy Tân nằm trong số 35 người Việt vào Top nhà khoa học ảnh hưởng nhất thế giới 2022
Authors: Tân ĐH Duy
Published: February 2023

Nhiều nhà khoa học của ĐH Duy Tân nằm trong số 35 người Việt vào Top nhà khoa học ảnh hưởng nhất thế giới 2022, theo Tin tức Đại học Duy Tân.
Avoiding Neocolonial Neurolinguistics: A Commentary on Kidd & Garcia (2022)
Authors: Sjuls Guro Stensby , Endresen Dag Hjort
Published: February 2023

As pointed out in Kidd & Garcia (2022), there is a grave lack of diversity in child language research, with a handful of Indo-European languages dominating the field. This naturally poses a problem for theory-building of children's language acquisition as whole, as data on which the theories are built is highly skewed towards a limited set of languages. However, as linguistics is a methodologically diverse field, we argue that increasing the representation of languages included in the research (and by extension, groups of people from various environments) can contribute to sustaining structures along neocolonial lines, as some of the methods and subfields are developed from the point of view of, and for, Western researchers. Particularly, we discuss how diversification of neurolinguistics, although much needed, might lead to some undesired side effects.
YESUS SANG RAJA YANG MAHAMULIA
Authors: Harahap Ramli
Published: February 2023

Hari ini kita memasuki Minggu Estomihi yang artinya “Jadilah bagiku gunung batu tempat perlindungan - Sai Ho ma gabe Partanobatoan di ahu” (Mzm. 31:3b). Dan dalam Minggu ini kita akan membahas tema “Yesus Sang Raja yang Mahamulia”. Kedatangan Yesus sebagai Raja yang Mahamulia itu, bukanlah berita hoax atau berita isapan jempol saja, tetapi berita tentang Yesus sebagai Sang Raja yang Mahamulia itu merupakan berita yang benar dan disaksikan banyak orang.
Porosity evolution of mafic crystal mush during reactive flow
Authors: Gleeson Matthew , Lissenberg C. Johan , Antoshechkina Paula
Published: February 2023

The emergence of the “mush paradigm” has raised several questions for conventional models of magma storage and extraction: how are melts extracted to form eruptible liquid-rich domains? What mechanism controls melt transport in mush-rich systems? Recently, reactive flow has been proposed as a major contributing factor in the formation of high porosity, melt-rich regions. Yet, owing to the absence of accurate geochemical simulations, the influence of reactive flow on the porosity of natural mush systems remains under-constrained. Here, we use a thermodynamically constrained model of melt-mush reaction to simulate the chemical, mineralogical, and physical consequences of reactive flow in a multi-component mush system. Our results demonstrate that reactive flow within troctolitic to gabbroic mushes can drive large changes in mush porosity. For example, primitive magma recharge drives an increase in the system porosity and could trigger melt channelization or mush destabilization, aiding rapid melt transfer through low-porosity mush reservoirs.
The impact and perceived effectiveness of physical punishment: A qualitative study of young adults’ retrospective accounts
Authors: Chan Kelly Ming Yue , Lim Elinor , Cheung Hoi Shan , Choo Clarissa , Fu Charlene S. L.
Published: February 2023

Background: Physical discipline is a widely-studied parenting practice given its association with numerous negative outcomes, such as increased aggression and poor parent-child relationships. While research on this topic has been steadily growing, most studies have utilised quantitative data obtained from parents’ perspectives on the topic. As such, less is known about the heterogeneous experiences of children who had received physical punishment which may be better represented in qualitative feedback. Objective: This study aims to retrospectively explore the experience of having been physically disciplined from first-hand accounts.Participants: 25 young adults aged 18 to 24 (M = 21.4; female = 14) who had received physical discipline by their parents in the past were interviewed about their experiences over a video call. Methods: Interviews were conducted to explore participants’ experiences of parental discipline (physical and non-physical). Thematic analysis was conducted where the interviews were transcribed and coded, before being examined for concepts underlying the codes (“themes”). Results: Based on participants’ interviews, four themes were identified in relation to their experiences of physical punishment: 1) Unclear distinctions between physical discipline and abuse; 2) Negative consequences and the ineffectiveness of physical discipline; 3) Rationalising past experiences of physical discipline; 4) Negative past experiences of physical discipline does not preclude future use. Conclusions: The use of qualitative data provided rich insights into the nuances of receiving physical punishment. The four themes identified in this study were discussed in relation to existing literature. Implications of physical punishment on children’s mental health, as well as the importance of advocacy and legislation around physical punishment were highlighted.
Reexamining Developmental Continuity and Discontinuity in the 21st Century: Better Aligning Behaviors, Functions, and Mechanisms
Authors: Petersen Isaac T.
Published: February 2023

Developmental science aims to explain development across the lifespan. Jerome Kagan observed that the same behavior can occur for different reasons, and differing behaviors can occur for the same reason. To help account for persistence, desistence, and transformation of behavior across development, Kagan introduced various types of continuity and discontinuity of forms and functions of behavior. This framework provides opportunities for identifying explanatory mechanisms in behavior development. However, misconceptions remain in applying the concepts that Kagan introduced. Much of the literature assumes developmental continuity in constructs without examining whether assumptions are supported, leading to faulty developmental inferences. For instance, use of the same measure across time to assess development assumes that the behavior occurs for the same reason across time (homotypic continuity). In addition, just because one behavior predicts a different behavior at a later time does not necessarily indicate that age-differing behaviors occur for the same reason (heterotypic continuity). This review aims to advance conceptualizations of continuity and discontinuity from a contemporary perspective with aims to improve mechanistic understanding of behavior development across the lifespan. To better align behaviors, functions, and mechanisms, research should (1) examine (dis)continuity of individual behaviors rather than merely syndromes, (2) identify the function(s) of the given behavior(s), and (3) identify the cognitive and biological processes that underlie the behavior–function pairs. Incorporating examples from research on development of humans and nonhuman animals, I discuss challenges from work that has followed Kagan’s ideas and ways to advance understanding of continuity and discontinuity across development.
Depressive symptoms and weight change in inpatients with anorexia nervosa: a cross-lagged panel model
Authors: Meule Adrian , Kolar David R. , Gärtner Thomas , Osen Bernhard , Rauh Elisabeth , Naab Silke , Voderholzer Ulrich
Published: February 2023

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is marked by a high rate of comorbid depression, which raises the question whether depressive symptoms may adversely affect treatment outcome. Thus, we examined whether depressive symptoms at admission would predict weight change from admission to discharge in a large sample of inpatients with AN. In addition, we also explored the reverse direction, that is, whether body mass index (BMI) at admission would predict changes in depressive symptoms. A sample of 3011 adolescents and adults with AN (4% male) who received inpatient treatment at four Schoen Clinics was analyzed. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire–9. BMI significantly increased and depressive symptoms significantly decreased from admission to discharge. BMI and depressive symptoms were unrelated at admission. Higher BMI at admission predicted smaller decreases in depressive symptoms and higher depressive symptoms at admission predicted larger weight gain. The latter effect, however, was mediated by longer length of stay. Results indicate that depressive symptoms do not adversely affect weight gain during inpatient treatment in persons with AN. Instead, higher BMI at admission is predictive of smaller improvements in depressive symptoms but this effect seems to be negligible in terms of clinical relevance.
Computational Psychology
Authors: Kosinski Michal
Published: February 2023

The digital revolution has had a momentous impact on almost every facet of social life. This sea change offers social psychologists new tools to deploy in their quest to understand human behavior and new types of social interaction to study. In a short time span, large data sets have emerged containing “digital footprints” of people’s behavior, communication, and social interactions. The size and robustness of such samples offer new opportunities to enhance our understanding of individuals, groups, and societies, but their analysis presents unique methodological and ethical challenges. The data are also largely derived from new technologies, ranging from smartphones to social media, which facilitate interactions that seemed inconceivable in the days of Allport, Asch, and Lewin; it will be the task of social psychologists to examine these new forms of behavior, their impact, and how these nascent technologies can be used to improve individual and collective well-being.
Web-Browsing Patterns Reflect and Shape Mood and Mental Health
Authors: Kelly Christopher Anthony , Sharot Tali
Published: February 2023

Humans spend on average 6.5 hours a day online. A large portion is dedicated to information-seeking. How does this activity impact mental health? We assess this over four studies (N = 1145). We reveal that the valence of information sought affects mental health, which in turn influences the valence of information sought, forming a self-reinforcing loop. We quantified the valence of text on webpages participants chose to browse using natural language processing and found that browsing more negative information was associated with worse mental-health and mood. By manipulating the webpages browsed and measuring mood and vice versa, we show that the relationship is causal and bidirectional. Finally, we developed an intervention that altered web-browsing patterns in a manner that improved mood. Together, the findings suggest that the information sought reflects mental state and shapes it, creating a loop that may perpetuate mental health problems. The results also provide a potential method for assessing and enhancing welfare in the digital age.
Are we Safe? An Investigation on ‘Eve-teasing’ (or public sexual harassment) in India
Authors: RANA USHA
Published: February 2023

In recent years, many countries have tightened the rules against harassment at the workplace and violence in the home. On the other hand, the incidences of sexual harassment in public places have not been paid sufficient attention, specifically against women. Developing countries like India have recorded the increment of sexual harassment cases in public places due to the increment in participation of women in outside activities such as education and employment. In India, the term ‘Eve-teasing’ is a euphemism that is used for sexual harassment in public places. Eve-teasing is identified as a significant problem in the patriarchal society of India that causes dreadful implications on women. The daily encounter with sexual harassment leads to a decline in their career and also socio-economic and political opportunities for them. In recent years, these misdeeds have been spread at every corner of our society and have become a national problem. Eve-teasing is not considered atrocious and strong laws have not been enacted to counteract it. To this end, this study has been conducted to identify the socio-psychological repercussions of Eve-teasing on girl cadets of the National Cadet Corps (NCC) aged between 19 and 24 years. Moreover, the significance of NCC in empowering the girl cadets in dealing with daily harassment is also the focus of the investigation. Particularly, the structural feminist approach is adopted to offer a critical framework to examine the patriarchal socialization of men and women as the most common cause of Eve-teasing. A total of 262 women participated in this study. The data were collected at the national camp of NCC held in New Delhi through a semi-structured questionnaire and focus group discussions from January 18 to 29, 2020. Out of the total respondents, 83.20% were exposed to Eve-teasing in their lives, while 15.26% of them did not disclose about such incidents. The study concludes by highlighting the negative implications of Eve-teasing on the life of adolescent females and also with disclosing their suffering and struggle. Although, the respondents were the cadets of the National Cadet Corps (NCC), which helped them to shape self-confidence to fight against such sexual harassment acts. Therefore, it is suggested to the governments (state and central) to emphasize the involvement of the agencies having similar goals as NCC in empowering the females in the early years.
"Let Me Just Interrupt You": Estimating Gender Effects in Supreme Court Oral Arguments
Authors: Cai Erica , Gupta Ankita , Keith Katherine , O'Connor Brendan , Rice Douglas R.
Published: February 2023

Oral argument is the most public and visible part of the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision-making process. Yet what if some advocates are treated differently be- fore the Court solely because of aspects of their identity? In this work, we leverage a causal inference framework to quantify the effect of an advocate’s gender on interruptions of advocates at both the Court-level and the justice-level. Exam- ining nearly four decades of U.S. Supreme Court oral argument transcript data, we identify a clear and consistent gender effect that dwarfs other influences on justice interruption behavior, with female advocates interrupted more frequently than male advocates.
Examining the relationship between educational attainment and attitudes towards gender equality in Nigeria
Authors: Tuki Daniel
Published: February 2023

Using novel survey data collected from the states of Kaduna and Edo in Nigeria’s Northern and Southern Regions respectively, this study examined the relationship between educational attainment and attitudes towards gender equality. The measure for attitudes towards gender equality was derived from the question, “A university education is more important for a boy than a girl,” with responses on a 5-point scale ranging from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree.” Educational attainment was measured on a 10-point scale ranging from “no formal schooling” to “master’s degree or higher.” Educational attainment was found to correlate positively with support for gender equality in the two states. Keeping all covariates at their mean levels, the analysis showed that a 1 unit increase in educational attainment increased the likelihood of respondents choosing the “strongly disagree” response category by 7 percent in Kaduna, and by 3 percent in Edo. Being female increased the likelihood of supporting gender equality in both states, while Muslim self-identification reduced the likelihood of supporting gender equality only in Kaduna.
Solo Dance? Gender Differences in Housework among Solo Households in the United States
Authors: CHENG HAO-CHUN , Sayer Liana C
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the gender difference in housework activities among never-married American women and men living solo (one-person households), using 2005-2019 nationally representative data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS). We find that women in solo households spend more time on housework and old women and men spend more time on it, compared to their younger counterparts. Results also show that education only plays a modest role in time use in solo households, contrary to the negative association of education among partnered women and men. Our findings that influences of economic resources on housework are gender-neutral in solo households suggest dyadic interactions and processes gender resources – more than women’s resources being discounted when they enter a relationship. And gender socialization – and engagement in behaviors coded as feminine – may be more acceptable for younger adults living alone.
Small-scale community-embedded youth justice facilities: lessons from Dutch reforms and recommendations for cross-jurisdictional implementation.
Authors: Souverein Fleur , Oostermeijer Sanne , Johns Diana Frances , Ross Stuart , van Domburgh Lieke , Popma Arne , Mulder Eva
Published: February 2023

Youth justice settings should provide a safe, therapeutic environment and tailored approach. Current custodial models rarely meet these aims; in part because a focus on security tends to outweigh an emphasis on care, which diminishes rather than encourages young people’s positive development. Drawing on the results of a three-year evaluation of reforms in the Netherlands, including small-scale, community-embedded facilities with a focus on relational security. By outlining the target population, key operational elements, and conditions for implementation, we provide guidance for custodial staff, and for managers and policymakers seeking to promote political and financial investment in effective youth justice strategies.
Is It Daddy Time Yet? Trends in Men's Employment Hours around the Time of A Childbirth from 1989 to 2020
Authors: Li Anita
Published: February 2023

Scholars continue to debate the progress of the gender revolution. Some argue that the gender revolution is stalled while others see an emerging second half of the gender revolution, as marked by men’s increased involvement in the home. Investigating the cohort change and variation in men’s employment hours around a childbirth, I find evidence supporting the second half of the gender revolution. Using longitudinally linked monthly data from the Current Population Survey 1989-2020, I show that fathers from more recent cohorts are working fewer hours around the time of a new childbirth compared to earlier cohorts. The magnitude of change is modest, but is larger among college educated men, men with a college educated partner, and men in dual-earner households. Findings shed light on the changing relationship between parenthood and work for men and have implications for progress toward greater gender equality.
Characterization of occupational accidents in health workers in a highly complex hospital in Bogotá, Colombia, after three years of follow-up, January 2020 – December 2022
Authors: Rendón Andrés Felipe , Fernandez Felipe Páez , Ospina Felipe Navarrete , Zapata Elian , Palencia-Sánchez Francisco
Published: February 2023

Introduction:An accident at work is defined as “an event that occurs during working hours or in connection with it that causes an injury”. Therefore, the objective of the study is to characterize occupational accidents in health workers at a hospital during a 3-year follow-up.Methodology:A continuation and expansion of the study "Characterization of occupational accidents in workers of a highly complex hospital in Bogotá D.C. Colombia in the period between January 2020 – June 2022”. Through a descriptive analysis of occupational accidents based on information obtained from a database of occupational accidents in the period between January 2020 and December 2022. A proposal was made for a device to reduce accidents with the support of the department of industrial design.Results:The accident rate was higher in the female population (78.42%). The age range in which the most reports of occupational accidents were presented is 30–39 years (37.48%). The year with the highest number of accidents was 2020 with 268 cases. The position with the highest accident rate was that of health personnel representing (76.21%). The most frequent type of accident was the non-biological accident, with 399 reported cases (55.19%). The wound was the type of injury that occurred the most (24.76%). In injury mechanisms, in the first place, there is overexertion, excessive effort, or false movement (24.48%). The part of the body most affected in occupational accidents is the hands (40.11%). Just over half of the people who reported work accidents required medical leave.Conclusions:The accident rate of the workers of a hospital was described, and followed up for 3 years, to identify areas of intervention in reducing risks for institutional personnel, but also in optimizing the costs generated to the institution due to related absenteeism.
“You are not a horse”: Medicalization, social control, and academic discourse in the Covid-19 era
Authors: Chaufan Claudia
Published: February 2023

Since early 2020, public figures in government, medicine, public health, and academia have accused critics of official Covid-19 policy of subverting efforts to contain the crisis, by spreading “misinformation” leading to concerning levels of “vaccine hesitancy” or to the uptake of unproven, even dangerous, therapeutics. These accusations were compellingly captured in an August 2021 tweet from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), “You’re not a horse. You are not a cow. Seriously, y’all. Stop it”, warning anyone considering or already consuming the antiparasitic drug ivermectin to treat or prevent Covid-19 that the drug could be “dangerous and even lethal” if used outside of the scope of FDA guidelines. In this study I examine the role of academic popularizing discourse in Covid-19 debates. Drawing from theories and methods that share a concern with how medical language and frames are deployed to control social behaviour, I appraise articles from The Conversation, an outlet that disseminates academic knowledge to facilitate open exchange and democratic governance. My analysis challenges the outlet’s self-presentation, suggesting instead that, in the Covid-19 era, far from contributing to its ostensible goals, The Conversation’s stigmatizing and condemnatory messaging is largely undermining them, with dire implication for the normative academic principles of open inquiry, the free pursuit of knowledge, and the promotion of critical thinking among younger generations.
Technological Change and Preferences for Redistribution
Authors: Hope David , Limberg Julian , Weber Nina Sophie
Published: February 2023

Technological change has fundamentally transformed the US labour market in recent decades, with high-earning jobs becoming increasingly focused on nonroutine, complex tasks. While existing research shows that inequalities are perceived as fairer and demand for redistribution is lower when incomes are earned through effort rather than luck, the nature of the effort tasks performed has received little attention. In this paper, we provide a first experimental test of whether fairness perceptions and preferences for redistribution differ when top earners gain their incomes through luck, routine work, or complex work. We find that the desired tax rate on top earners is up to 5.3 percentage points lower for the complex work treatment than the routine work treatment and that high incomes from complex work are perceived as fairer and more deserved. Interestingly, performance on complex tasks is also more likely to be seen as the result of inherited intelligence, suggesting that meritocratic preferences might prove inconsistent beyond the simple luck versus effort distinction. In an additional survey experiment, we find that higher earning individuals are perceived to have more complex jobs,pointing to a novel explanation for falling top income tax rates in an era of rapidly rising top incomes shares.
Who and What is Driving Remote Working Research? A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Simova Tereza , Zychova Kristyna
Published: February 2023

In the light of the recent pandemic, remote working has become an inseparable part of our lives and a critical factor for many organizations. The article aims to review the last 10 years (2010–2020) of remote working research publications (in Business and Management Studies). We used a bibliometric analysis of 1,996 publications from the Web of Science. We created a conceptual structure map to describe core concepts of remote working research. We used the historical direct citation network to show the most important research. Based on our results, the USA, the United Kingdom and China are the leading countries. Results identified two historical areas of research—the first cluster connected by the topic of the multicultural dimension and the second cluster addressing issues of trust and communication, knowledge sharing, virtualness and leadership. The identified core concepts are organization and remote working capabilities, behaviour in remote working, consequences of remote working, management issues, home and gender. We conclude by summarizing the results of the bibliometric study into a theoretical framework for adaptation to remote working that will provide direction for future research and practical insights for policy and organizations.
Is the Male-to-Female Transgender Travel Experience Similar to Cisgender Female Travel Experience and in What Ways Are They Different
Authors: Lakes Suresh Oliver
Published: February 2023

This research seeks to understand in what ways the travel experiences of transgender women are different from those of cisgender women. Though much literature is available, they focus only on differences in airport spaces. The purpose of this study is to delve deeply into the lived experience of transgender women travellers by analysing social media content (YouTube) to discover the similarities and differences between the female transgender traveller and the cisgender traveller. The findings suggest that, like cisgender women, transgender women also fear sexual violence while travelling. Transgender women also love to engage in cultural activities such as cooking and homestay, similar to their cisgender counterparts. Unlike cisgender women, transgender women are more culturally sensitive, and try to blend in through the use of cultural artefacts such as clothing, and by attempting to learn and speak the language. However, limits to blending in exists based on the extent of ‘passability’ and success. The absence of attention in their home country means that transgender women seek more attention from countries that display tolerance. In terms of their perception of poverty, they, like many other individuals from wealthy nations, believe that poverty is associated with nobility and that poor people are actually happy. Overall, the research indicated that while transgender women travellers are similar to cisgender women in many ways, there are some differences.