bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do breast cancer survivors with a recent history of clinical depression report worse experiences with care? A retrospective cohort study using SEER‐CAHPS data
Authors: Arevalo Mariana , Pickering Trevor A. , Vernon Sally W. , Fujimoto Kayo , Peskin Melissa F. , Farias Albert J.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

We examined whether breast cancer survivors' experiences with care differed by a recent history of clinical depression, and whether associations differed by race/ethnicity.

Methods

Using the Epidemiology and End Results‐Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (SEER‐CAHPS) dataset, we analyzed records of breast cancer survivors who completed a survey at least 12 months after their cancer diagnosis. We assessed clinical depression 12 months prior to survey completion using Medicare claims. We used separate multivariable logistic regressions to examine the associations between depression and excellent (vs. less than excellent) ratings of experiences with care (i.e., doctor communication, getting needed care, getting care quickly, getting prescription drugs, specialist and overall care). We also assessed interactions of depression by race/ethnicity. All models were adjusted for demographics and cancer prognostic and treatment factors.

Results

Of the 2271 survivors, 7.6% were clinically depressed. After adjusting for covariates, survivors with clinical depression had lower odds of reporting excellent ratings of their ability to get needed care, care by their specialist, and overall care, compared to those without depression (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.40–0.84; AOR = 0.40, CI: 0.31–0.76; and AOR = 0.61, CI: 0.42–0.89, respectively). Among Hispanics, having depression was associated with higher odds of excellent ratings of one's ability to get needed care (AOR: 5.42, 95% CI: 1.02–28.81). No other statistically significant associations by race/ethnicity were found.

Conclusions

Breast cancer survivors with depression report poorer patient experiences with care. Further research is needed to understand complexities of ratings of experiences with care among survivors of diverse backgrounds.

Implications

Survivors with a recent history of clinical depression may benefit from additional supportive care services.
Underwater image enhancement method based on entropy weight fusion
Authors: Du Xue , Sun Xiujuan , Wang Kunpeng , Yang Junlong , Wang Chuanjiang
Published: August 2022

Due to the absorption and scattering of underwater light, underwater images often have some phenomena such as colorcast, low contrast, and blurred details. Therefore, an underwater image enhancement method based on entropy weight fusion is proposed. First, white balance processing can effectively correct the blue (green) color appearance of the image. Then the white‐balanced images are converted from RGB space to LAB space, and L channel is processed with improved adaptive gamma correction, and then converted back to RGB space. CLAHE and bilateral filtering are performed in RGB space. The RGB space is converted to HSV space, the V channel is processed by single‐scale retinex algorithm combined with guided filtering, stretching the R channel with s‐cosine curve,and then converted back to RGB space. Finally, the three results are fused by entropy weight to obtain the final enhanced image. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the contrast and clarity of underwater images, and effectively remove colorcast.
DNA‐Based Nanoprobes for Simultaneous Detection of Telomerase and Correlated Biomolecules
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Fan Zetan , Li Lele , Li Mengyuan
Published: August 2022

Telomerase (TE), a ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase, is enzymatically activated in most tumor cells and is responsible for promoting tumor progression and malignancy by enabling replicative immortality of cancer cells. TE has become an important hallmark for cancer diagnosis and a potential therapy target. Therefore, accurate in situ detection of TE activity, especially the simultaneous imaging of TE activity and its correlated biomolecules, is essential to medical diagnostics and therapeutics. DNA‐based nanoprobes, with their effective cell penetration capability and programmability, are the most advantageous for detection of intracellular TE activity. This concept article introduces the recent strategies for in situ sensing and imaging of TE activity, with a focus on simultaneous detection of TE and related biomolecules, and provides challenges and perspectives for the development of new strategies for such correlated imaging.
Silencing of COL3A1 represses proliferation, migration, invasion, and immune escape of triple negative breast cancer cells via down‐regulating PD‐L1 expression
Authors: Yang Fan , Lin Ling , Li Xiaohua , Wen Ronglan , Zhang Xin
Published: August 2022

This study is designed to illuminate the specific role and underlying mechanism of collagen type III alpha 1 chain (COL3A1) in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was applied to examine mRNA expression of COL3A1. Western blot analysis was employed to determine protein levels of COL3A1, programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1), Bcl‐2, and cleaved caspase‐3. Immunohistochemistry staining was utilized for assessing protein expression of Ki67 and COL3A1 in tissues. The proliferous capacity of cells was assessed through CCK‐8 assay and 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assay. Cell apoptosis and the percentage of CD8+ T cells were measured using flow cytometry. Migration and invasion of TNBC cells were examined via transwell assay. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured via a LDH assay kit. For establishing a xenograft tumor model, MDA‐MB‐231 cells were injected into the flank of mice through subcutaneous injection. COL3A1 expression was raised in TNBC tissues and cells, and it was inversely associated with overall survival data of TNBC patients. COL3A1 downregulation repressed proliferation, invasion, migration, and immune escape of TNBC cells along with tumor growth of xenograft mice. In TNBC cells and tumor tissues of mice, protein expression of PD‐L1 was reduced by COL3A1 knockdown. COL3A1 knockdown‐mediated inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and immune escape were reversed by PD‐L1 upregulation in vitro. Silencing of COL3A1 exerted an antitumor role in TNBC, implying its potential as a therapeutic target for TNBC.
Biocatalysis: A smart and green tool for the preparation of chiral drugs
Authors: Rossino Giacomo , Robescu Marina Simona , Licastro Ester , Tedesco Claudia , Martello Ilaria , Maffei Luciana , Vincenti Gregory , Bavaro Teodora , Collina Simona
Published: August 2022

Over the last decades, biocatalysis has achieved growing interest thanks to its potential to enable high efficiency, high yield, and eco‐friendly processes aimed at the production of pharmacologically relevant compounds. Particularly, biocatalysis proved an effective and potent tool in the preparation of chiral molecules, and the recent innovations of biotechnologies and nanotechnologies open up a new era of further developments in this field. Different strategies are now available for the synthesis of chiral drugs and their intermediates. Enzymes are green tools that offer several advantages, associated both to catalysis and environmentally friendly reactants. Specifically, the use of enzymes isolated from biological sources or of whole‐cell represents a valuable approach to obtain pharmaceutical products. The sustainability, the higher efficiency, and cost‐effectiveness of biocatalytic reactions result in improved performance and properties that can be translated from academia to industry. In this review, we focus on biocatalytic approaches for synthesizing chiral drugs or their intermediates. Aiming to unveil the potentialities of biocatalysis systems, we discuss different examples of innovative biocatalytic approaches and their applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
Niyama: Node scheduling for cloud workloads with resource isolation
Authors: Thiyyakat Meghana , Kalambur Subramaniam , Sitaram Dinkar
Published: August 2022

Cloud providers place tasks from multiple applications on the same resource pool to improve the resource utilization of the infrastructure. The consequent resource contention has an undesirable effect on latency‐sensitive tasks. In this article, we present Niyama—a resource isolation approach that uses a modified version of deadline scheduling to protect latency‐sensitive tasks from CPU bandwidth contention. Conventionally, deadline scheduling has been used to schedule real‐time tasks with well‐defined deadlines. Therefore, it cannot be used directly when the deadlines are unspecified. In Niyama, we estimate deadlines in intervals and secure bandwidth required for the interval, thereby ensuring optimal job response times. We compare our approach with cgroups: Linux's default resource isolation mechanism used in containers today. Our experiments show that Niyama reduces the average delay in tasks by 3–20 when compared to cgroups. Since Linux's deadline scheduling policy is work‐conserving in nature, there is a small drop in the server‐level CPU utilization when Niyama is used naively. We demonstrate how the use of core reservation and oversubscription in the inter‐node scheduler can be used to offset this drop; our experiments show a 1.3–2.24 decrease in delay in job response time over cgroups while achieving high CPU utilization.
Overprotective parenting experiences and early maladaptive schemas in adolescence and adulthood: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bruysters Niki Yuen Fen , Pilkington Pamela D.
Published: August 2022

Young's schema model identifies overprotection as a type of childhood experience associated with early maladaptive schemas. This review evaluated the evidence base examining overprotective parenting as a predictor of schema endorsement in adolescence and adulthood. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021258990). PsycINFO, CINAHL and PubMed databases were searched on 5 June 2021 for eligible studies reporting original data on unadjusted association(s) between overprotective parenting and schema endorsement in samples with a mean age of 12 years or older. Studies were excluded if they were not in English or peer reviewed or participants were exposed to an intervention. Meta‐analyses using Meta‐Essentials software examined the relationship between maternal and paternal overprotective parenting with Young's 18 schemas. An adapted version of the Appraisal tool for Cross‐Sectional Studies (AXIS) was used to assess methodological quality. A total of 16 articles were included. Based on 36 meta‐analyses (Pooled N = 1,496 to 3,218), several schemas demonstrated positive small correlations with maternal overprotective parenting (range: r = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.19 [Entitlement] to r = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.43 [Enmeshment]) and paternal overprotective parenting (range: r = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.20 [Abandonment] to r = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.10, .36 [Enmeshment]). Considerable heterogeneity was detected, but subgroup analyses were not significant. Overall, recollections of overprotective parenting experiences were primarily associated with schemas relating to disconnection and rejection, and impaired autonomy and performance. However, the literature has thus far relied on retrospective measures of parenting, and longitudinal research is needed to establish causality.
Alien insect dispersal mediated by the global movement of commodities
Authors: Fenn‐Moltu Gyda , Ollier Sébastien , Caton Barney , Liebhold Andrew M. , Nahrung Helen , Pureswaran Deepa S. , Turner Rebecca M. , Yamanaka Takehiko , Bertelsmeier Cleo
Published: August 2022

Globalization and economic growth are recognized as key drivers of biological invasions. Alien species have become a feature of almost every biological community worldwide, and rates of new introductions continue to rise as the movement of people and goods accelerates. Insects are among the most numerous and problematic alien organisms, and are mainly introduced unintentionally with imported cargo or arriving passengers. However, the processes occurring prior to insect introductions remain poorly understood. We used a unique dataset of 1,902,392 border interception records from inspections at air, land, and maritime ports in Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Japan, USA, and Canada to identify key commodities associated with insect movement through trade and travel. In total, 8939 species were intercepted, and commodity association data were available for 1242 species recorded between 1960 and 2019. We used rarefaction and extrapolation methods to estimate the total species richness and diversity associated with different commodity types. Plant and wood products were the main commodities associated with insect movement across cargo, passenger baggage, and international mail. Furthermore, certain species were mainly associated with specific commodities within these, and other broad categories. More closely related species tended to share similar commodity associations, but this occurred largely at the genus level rather than within orders or families. These similarities within genera can potentially inform pathway management of new alien species. Combining interception records across regions provides a unique window into the unintentional movement of insects, and provides valuable information on establishment risks associated with different commodity types and pathways.
Diet composition of an escaped captive‐born southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla) in a nonnative habitat in Asia
Authors: Sun Nick Ching‐Min , Lin Chung‐Chi , Liang Chun‐Chieh , Li Hou‐Feng
Published: August 2022

Studies on the role of natural predatory instincts in captive‐born mammalian myrmecophagy are rare. Consequently, researchers rely extensively on case reports to learn more about the contexts in which predatory behavior occurs among such animals. In this study, we recorded an uncommon case of a captive‐born southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla) that accidentally escaped from a zoo into a nonnative habitat in Asia. The southern tamandua was found alive 3 months later. Two fresh fecal samples were obtained, and the diet composition was examined. Three termite species (one family, three genera), and 14 ant species (four subfamilies, nine genera) were identified in the fecal samples. The studied southern tamandua preyed on terrestrial and arboreal ants and termites, as the wild populations of its species do. Ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae and termites of the subfamily Nasutitermitinae were the most abundant prey items in the samples, which is consistent with related reports on the wild populations. Soldier ants constituted <1% of the prey items in the fecal samples, suggesting that the southern tamandua likely avoided preying on ants of the soldier caste. Fungus‐growing termites Odontotermes (Isoptera: Macrotermitinae), which are not native to neotropical regions, were also ingested by the southern tamandua. This study provides information on how a captive‐born mammalian myrmecophagy applies its natural feeding instincts in nonnative natural settings.
The main driver of soil organic carbon differs greatly between topsoil and subsoil in a grazing steppe
Authors: Wu Yantao , Guo Zhiwei , Li Zhiyong , Liang Maowei , Tang Yongkang , Zhang Jinghui , Miao Bailing , Wang Lixin , Liang Cuizhu
Published: August 2022

Soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics is regulated by a complex interplay of factors such as climate and potential anthropogenic activities. Livestocks play a key role in regulating the C cycle in grasslands. However, the interrelationship between SOC and these drivers remains unclear at different soil layers, and their potential relationships network have rarely been quantitatively assessed. Here, we completed a six‐year manipulation experiment of grazing exclusion (no grazing: NG) and increasing grazing intensity (light grazing: LG, medium grazing: MG, heavy grazing: HG). We tested light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) and heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC) in 12 plots along grazing intensity in three soil layers (topsoil: 0–10 cm, mid‐soil: 10–30 cm, subsoil: 30–50 cm) to assess the drivers of SOC. Grazing significantly reduced SOC of the soil profile, but with significant depth and time dependencies. (1) SOC and SOC stability of the topsoil is primarily regulated by grazing duration (years). Specifically, grazing duration and grazing intensity increased the SOC lability of topsoil due to an increase in LFOC. (2) Grazing intensity was the major factor affecting the mid‐soil SOC dynamics, among which MG had significantly lower SOC than did NG. (3) Subsoil organic carbon dynamics were mainly regulated by climatic factors. The increase in mean annual temperature (MAT) may have promoted the turnover of LFOC to HFOC in the subsoil.Synthesis and applications.When evaluating the impacts of grazing on soil organic fraction, we need to consider the differences in sampling depth and the duration of grazing years. Our results highlight that the key factors influencing SOC dynamics differ among soil layers. Climatic and grazing factors have different roles in determining SOC in each soil layer.
Effects of pair migratory behavior on breeding phenology and success in a partially migratory shorebird population
Authors: Méndez Verónica , Alves Jose A. , Gill Jennifer A. , Þórisson Böðvar , Carneiro Camilio , Pálsdóttir Aldís E. , Vignisson Sölvi R. , Gunnarsson Tomas G.
Published: August 2022

In migratory systems, variation in individual phenology can arise through differences in individual migratory behaviors, and this may be particularly apparent in partial migrant systems, where migrant and resident individuals are present within the same population. Links between breeding phenology and migratory behavior or success are generally investigated at the individual level. However, for breeding phenology in particular, the migratory behaviors of each member of the pair may need to be considered simultaneously, as breeding phenology will likely be constrained by timing of the pair member that arrives last, and carryover effects on breeding success may vary depending on whether pair members share the same migratory behavior or not. We used tracking of marked individuals and monitoring of breeding success from a partially migrant population of Eurasian oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus) breeding in Iceland to test whether (a) breeding phenology varied with pair migratory behavior; (b) within‐pair consistency in timing of laying differed among pair migratory behaviors; and (c) reproductive performance varied with pair migratory behavior, timing of laying, and year. We found that annual variation in timing of laying differed among pair migratory behaviors, with resident pairs being more consistent than migrant and mixed pairs, and migrant/mixed pairs breeding earlier than residents in most years but later in one (unusually cold) year. Pairs that laid early were more likely to replace their clutch after nest loss, had higher productivity and higher fledging success, independent of pair migratory behavior. Our study suggests that the links between individual migratory behavior and reproductive success can vary over time and, to a much lesser extent, with mate migratory behavior and can be mediated by differences in laying dates. Understanding these cascading effects of pair phenology on breeding success is likely to be key to predicting the impact of changing environmental conditions on migratory species.
Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Thiabendazole in Fruits Using Ag−MoS2 Electrode
Authors: Mola Aster Manyazewal , Debebe Siraye Esubalew , Mekonnen Menbere Leul
Published: August 2022

Herein, Ag nanoparticles (NPs) modified MoS2 (Ag−MoS2) was applied to the surface of glassy carbon (GC) to produce a robust electrochemical sensor for the detection of thiabendazole, a common antifungal in the post‐harvesting of fruits. Cyclic voltammetry studies confirmed thiabendazole exhibited an irreversible, diffusion‐controlled process on Ag−MoS2 with a two‐fold increase in peak current than the pristine MoS2. A square wave voltammetry was used for the detection of TBZ. The developed sensor exhibited a linear range between 1–10 μM with LOD down to 0.1 μM (S/N>3). Analysis of TBZ in mango and banana matrices gave a recovery of 91.6–100.4 % indicating the suitability of the sensor for food safety monitoring.
Subjective disgust and facial electromyography responses towards unedited and morphed overweight self‐pictures in women with varying levels of eating disorder symptomatology
Authors: Masselman Irina , de Jong Peter J. , Glashouwer Klaske A.
Published: August 2022

Individuals with an eating disorder (ED) often report to be disgusted by their body. Body‐related self‐disgust could play an important role in the development and maintenance of EDs. We investigated if women with relatively high ED symptom scores indeed respond with disgust upon exposure to their body as indexed by facial electromyography (fEMG) of the m. levator labii superioris and self‐report. Given that one's self‐disgust may increase/decrease depending on the relative distance of the own body to the thin ideal, we also assessed women's disgust for overweight‐ and thin‐morphs of their body. Female undergraduate students (N = 104) were photographed and presented with their (morphed) body pictures, next to disgust‐relevant and overweight body control pictures. Higher levels of ED symptoms were associated with stronger self‐reported disgust to unedited body‐pictures and overweight‐morphs. Disgust to thin‐morphs was unrelated to ED symptoms. Participants generally showed heightened facial disgust towards overweight morphs, yet the strength of facial disgust was unrelated to ED symptoms. Thus, the findings provide evidence for the involvement of heightened body‐related self‐disgust in ED symptomatology, albeit only on the basis of self‐report.
Thermal performance assessment of phase change material for electronic cooling: An experimental investigation
Authors: Pandiyan Prashanth Soundra , Dandotiya Devendra , Alathadi Maloor Surendrakumar , Rajagopalan Sudheer
Published: August 2022

In the present study, an experimental investigation is performed to check the performance of phase change material (PCM) OM42 for passive electronic cooling applications. Rectangular fins were used as PCM thermal conductivity enhancers (TCEs) to enhance the thermal conductivity of PCM. The experiments were performed (a) by maintaining the required input heat flux to the heater and (b) by maintaining the set point temperature (SPT) of the heater. The heater wattage controller was used to supply the required power to the heater and thermostat W1209 was used to control the SPT of the heater. The experiments were performed in the combination of PCM and fins, with fins only, With PCM only, and with PCM and fins. The obtained results signify improved performance of the heat sink when PCM with fins was used. At input heat flux of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 kW/m2 the heat sink reaches the critical temperature in 80, 60, 55, 50 and 40 minutes respectively in the absence of PCM without fins, but with the presence of PCM without fins and PCM with fins, the heater sink is well below the critical temperature for a complete charging cycle. At input heat flux of 4 and 5 kW/m2, the intensity of PCM melting rate is faster and hence solid‐liquid interface decreases quite rapidly as the buoyancy force dominates the viscous force since the volume of liquid PCM rises as the natural convection effect increases in the liquid region.
Tanshinone IIA improves diabetes‐induced renal fibrosis by regulating the miR‐34‐5p/Notch1 axis
Authors: Zhang Lizhi , Yang Fan
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the improvement of tanshinone in renal fibrosis in vitro and in vivo study. It used streptozotocin to model diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice, and treated with different Tanshinone IIA concentrations. The pathology of kidney tissues was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's staining; the ultrastructure and apoptosis cell number of kidney tissues were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and TUNEL assay. Relative gene and protein expression was evaluated by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis, or western blot (WB) assay. In vitro study, using high‐glucose stimulated HK‐2 cell to model DN cell model, measuring cell proliferation, apoptosis rate, relative gene and protein expression, and LC 3B and P62 proteins expression by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8), flow cytometry, RT‐qPCR, WB, and cell immunofluorescence. Analysis correlation between Notch1 and miRNA‐34a‐5p was carried out by dual‐luciferase reporter. Fibrosis area and apoptosis cell rate were significantly up‐regulated (p < .001), with Tanshinone IIA supplement. The fibrosis area and apoptosis cell rate were also significantly improved in a dose‐dependent manner (p < .05). With si‐miRNA‐34a‐5p transfection, the Tanshinone IIA's treatment effects were significantly depressed. By dual‐luciferase reporter, miRNA‐34a‐5p could target Notch1 in the HK‐2 cell line. Tanshinone IIA improved DN‐induced renal fibrosis by regulating miRNA‐34a‐5p in vitro and in vivo study.
Prozesse der Versinterung – Kenntnisstand und aktuelle Herausforderungen
Authors: Dietzel Martin , Eichinger Stefanie
Published: August 2022

Scale formation in water drainage systems occurs in diverse forms. In tunnel drainage systems in particular, calcium carbonate deposition can significantly impair water discharge, resulting in costly maintenance work and tunnel closures. This review paper presents and discusses the state of knowledge as well as the current challenges regarding scale formation in tunnel drainage systems in terms of typification, parameters controlling formation, such as hydrochemistry, interfacial phenomena, microbial activity, and countermeasures, such as appropriate adaptation of construction materials, drainage design, inhibitor use and cleaning. Detailed knowledge of the case‐specific scale formation environment and the scaling capacities of the waters provides the basis for the tailored development and evaluation of suitable strategies for successfully reducing maintenance efforts and tunnel closure. For this purpose, time‐ and site‐resolved monitoring of the composition of the solid phases, waters and the tunnel atmosphere during the implementation of the construction project and during the operation of the tunnel is paramount.
Investigating the prediction of CpG methylation levels from SNP genotype data to help elucidate relationships between methylation, gene expression and complex traits
Authors: Fryett James J. , Morris Andrew P. , Cordell Heather J.
Published: August 2022

As popularised by PrediXcan (and related methods), transcriptome‐wide association studies (TWAS), in which gene expression is imputed from single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes and tested for association with a phenotype, are a popular approach for investigating the role of gene expression in complex traits. Like gene expression, DNA methylation is an important biological process and, being under genetic regulation, may be imputable from SNP genotypes. Here, we investigate prediction of CpG methylation levels from SNP genotype data to help elucidate relationships between methylation, gene expression and complex traits. We start by examining how well CpG methylation can be predicted from SNP genotypes, comparing three penalised regression approaches and examining whether changing the window size improves prediction accuracy. Although methylation at most CpG sites cannot be accurately predicted from SNP genotypes, for a subset it can be predicted well. We next apply our methylation prediction models (trained using the optimal method and window size) to carry out a methylome‐wide association study (MWAS) of primary biliary cholangitis. We intersect the regions identified via MWAS with those identified via TWAS, providing insight into the interplay between CpG methylation, gene expression and disease status. We conclude that MWAS has the potential to improve understanding of biological mechanisms in complex traits.
How adenomyosis changes throughout pregnancy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bertucci Emma , Sileo Filomena G. , Diamanti Marialaura , Alboni Carlo , Facchinetti Fabio , La Marca Antonio
Published: August 2022

Objective

To study how adenomyosis changes during pregnancy and to possibly correlate these changes to maternal and fetal outcomes.

Methods

Retrospective exploratory cohort study including 254 women with a pre‐conceptional/first‐trimester scan to document adenomyosis and known obstetric outcome. If visible, adenomyosis signs were documented in each trimester and postpartum. Mann–Whitney U tests or χ2 tests were used for continuous and categorical variables, respectively.

Results

A globular uterus was reported in 79% (n = 52) of women with adenomyosis in the first trimester, in 38% (n = 20) and 2% (n = 1) of women in the second and third trimesters, respectively, and postpartum in 77% (n = 34) of women. Asymmetrical thickening (n = 20, 30%) and cysts (n = 15, 23%) were only visible in 1st trimester. Adenomyosis was associated with miscarriage (odds ratio [OR] 5.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4–14.9, P < 0.001) also in normal conception only (OR 5.1, 95% CI 1.8–14.2, P = 0.002) or adjusting for maternal age (adjusted OR 5.9, 95% CI 2.3–15.2, P < 0.001). Gestational age at delivery was lower in adenomyosis (P = 0.004); the cesarean section rate was higher than in controls (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.3–4.8, P = 0.007) also adjusting for age (adjusted OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.06–4.08, P = 0.035).

Conclusions

Signs of adenomyosis were visible but progressively disappeared in pregnancy; adenomyosis was associated with an increased risk of early miscarriage. Prospective studies are needed to confirm our results.
European Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) gynecologic oncology survey: Status of ERAS protocol implementation across Europe
Authors: Gómez‐Hidalgo Natalia R. , Pletnev Andrei , Razumova Zoia , Bizzarri Nicolò , Selcuk Ilker , Theofanakis Charalampos , Zalewski Kamil , Nikolova Tanja , Lanner Maximilian , Kacperczyk‐Bartnik Joanna , El Hajj Houssein , Perez‐Benavente Assumpció , Nelson Gregg , Gil‐Moreno Antonio , Fotopoulou Christina , Sanchez‐Iglesias Jose Luis
Published: August 2022

Objective

To acquire a comprehensive assessment of the current status of implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols across Europe.

Methods

The survey was launched by The European Network of Young Gynecologic Oncologists (ENYGO). A 45‐item survey was disseminated online through the European Society of Gynecological Oncology (ESGO) Network database.

Results

A total of 116 ESGO centers participated in the survey between December 2020 and June 2021. Overall, 80 (70%) centers reported that ERAS was implemented at their institution: 63% reported a length of stay (LOS) for advanced ovarian cancer surgery between 5 and 7 days; 57 (81%) centers reported a LOS between 2 and 4 days in patients who underwent an early‐stage gynecologic cancer surgery. The ERAS items with high reported compliance (>75% “normally‐always”) included deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis (89%), antibiotic prophylaxis (79%), prevention of hypothermia (55%), and early mobilization (55%). The ERAS items that were poorly adhered to (less than 50%) included early removal of urinary catheter (33%), and avoidance of drains (25%).

Conclusion

This survey shows broad implementation of ERAS protocols across Europe; however, a wide variation in adherence to the various ERAS protocol items was reported.
Successful radiofrequency ablation of liver metastases from prostate cancer
Authors: Hino Daichi , Sugano Takahiro , Kino Mika , Nakata Takako , Kito Hiroki , Inoue Masafumi , Fujie Hajime , Akakura Koichiro
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Patients with liver metastases from prostate cancer show poor prognosis. We performed metastases‐directed therapy using radiofrequency ablation of liver metastases in an attempt to improve the prognosis in a patient with metastatic prostate cancer.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 66‐year‐old man who was treated for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer. Evaluation showed isolated liver metastases together with elevated serum prostate‐specific antigen levels. We performed metastases‐directed therapy using radiofrequency ablation of the liver tumor. The patient showed no recurrent liver metastases for 42 months and survived for 66 months after diagnosis of metastatic prostate cancer.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first report that describes radiofrequency ablation of liver metastases from prostate cancer. This procedure may be a useful therapeutic option for metastases‐directed therapy in patients with liver metastases from prostate cancer.
Synthetic oleanane triterpenoid derivative CDDO‐Me disrupts cellular bioenergetics to suppress pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via targeting SLC1A5
Authors: Akuetteh Percy D. P. , Huang Huimin , Wu Shijia , Zhou Hongfei , Jin Guihua , Hong Welong , Yang Hongbao , Lan Linhua , Shangguan Fugen , Zhang Qiyu
Published: August 2022

To investigate the potential antitumor activity of synthetic triterpenoid, methyl‐2‐cyano‐3,12‐dioxooleana‐1,9(11)‐dien‐28‐oate (CDDO‐Me) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), MTT cytotoxicity assay, and xenograft nude mice assay were performed to evaluate tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Seahorse XFe96 bioenergetics analyzer was applied to determine aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reactions are used to detect protein and messenger RNA transcripts of SLC1A5 and metabolic enzymes. We confirmed the strong antitumor activity of CDDO‐Me in suppressing PDAC growth. Mechanistically, we demonstrated CDDO‐Me induced mitochondrial respiration and aerobic glycolysis dysfunction. We also verified CDDO‐Me downregulated glutamine transporter SLC1A5, resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels that suppressed tumor growth. Moreover, we confirmed that SLC1A5 depletion reduced the ratio of glutathione/oxidized glutathione. We also found CDDO‐Me could inhibit N‐linked glycosylation of SLC1A5, which promotes protease‐mediated degradation. Finally, we confirmed SLC1A5 was significantly overexpressed in PDAC and closely correlated with the poor prognosis of PDAC patients. Our work uncovers CDDO‐Me is effective at suppressing PDAC cell growth in vitro and in vivo and illuminates CDDO‐Me caused excessive ROS and cellular bioenergetics disruption which contributed to CDDO‐Me inhibited PDAC growth. Our data highlights CDDO‐Me could be considered a potential compound for PDAC therapy, and SLC1A5 could be a novel biomarker for PDAC patients.
High COL10A1 expression potentially contributes to poor outcomes in gastric cancer with the help of LEF1 and Wnt2
Authors: Zhang Miaozun , Jin Ming , Gao Zhiqiang , Yu Weiming , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2022

Background

COL10A1 is a secreted, short‐chain collagen found in several types of cancer. Studies have shown that COL10A1 aberrant expression is considered an oncogenic factor. However, its underlying mechanisms and regulation of gastric cancer remain undefined.

Methods

The data on the expression of COL10A1, clinicopathological characteristics, and outcome of patients with GC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The ALGGEN‐PROMO database defined the related transcription factors. Quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis were used to identify the differential expression levels of COL10A1 and related transcription factors.

Results

We found that high COL10A1 expression is an independent risk factor for gastric cancer. Upregulation of LEF1 and Wnt2 was also observed in gastric cancer, suggesting a potential correlation between LEF1/COL10A1 regulation in the Wnt2 signaling pathway.

Conclusion

High COL10A1 expression may contribute to poor outcomes via upregulation of LEF1 and Wnt2 in gastric cancer.
Characterizing circular colouring mixing for pq<4 $\frac{p}{q}\lt 4$
Authors: Brewster Richard C. , Moore Benjamin
Published: August 2022

Given a graph , the ‐mixing problem asks: Starting with a ‐colouring of , can one obtain all ‐colourings of by changing the colour of only one vertex at a time, while at each step maintaining a ‐colouring? More generally, for a graph , the ‐mixing problem asks: Can one obtain all homomorphisms , starting from one homomorphism , by changing the image of only one vertex at a time, while at each step maintaining a homomorphism ? This paper focuses on a generalization of ‐colourings, namely, ‐circular colourings. We show that when , a graph is ‐mixing if and only if for any ‐colouring of , and any cycle of , the wind of the cycle under the colouring equals a particular value (which intuitively corresponds to having no wind). As a consequence we show that ‐mixing is closed under a restricted homomorphism called a fold. Using this, we deduce that ‐mixing is co‐NP‐complete for all , and by similar ideas we show that if the circular chromatic number of a connected graph is , then folds to . We use the characterization to settle a conjecture of Brewster and Noel, specifically that the circular mixing number of bipartite graphs is 2. Lastly, we give a polynomial time algorithm for ‐mixing in planar graphs when .
Susceptibility to mice and potential evolutionary characteristics of porcine deltacoronavirus
Authors: Zhang Honglei , Ding Qingwen , Yuan Jin , Han Fangfang , Wei Zhanyong , Hu Hui
Published: August 2022

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a novel coronavirus that causes diarrhea in suckling piglets and has the potential for cross‐species transmission, posing a threat to animal and human health. However, the susceptibility profile of different species of mice to PDCoV infection and its evolutionary characteristics are still unclear. In the current study, we found that BALB/c and Kunming mice are susceptible to PDCoV. Our results showed that there were obvious lesions in intestinal and lung tissues from the infected mice. PDCoV RNAs were detected in the lung, kidney, and intestinal tissues from the infected mice of both strains, and there existed wider tissue tropism in the PDCoV‐infected BALB/c mice. The RNA and protein levels of aminopeptidase N from mice were relatively high in the kidney and intestinal tissues and obviously increased after PDCoV infection. The viral‐specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies against PDCoV were detected in the serum of infected mice. An interesting finding was that two key amino acid mutations, D138H and Q641K, in the S protein were identified in the PDCoV‐infected mice. The essential roles of these two mutations for PDCoV‐adaptive evolution were confirmed by cryo‐electron microscope structure model analysis. The evolutionary characteristics of PDCoV among Deltacoronaviruses (δ‐CoVs) were further analyzed. δ‐CoVs from multiple mammals are closely related based on the phylogenetic analysis. The codon usage analysis demonstrated that similar codon usage patterns were used by most of the mammalian δ‐CoVs at the global codon, synonymous codon, and amino acid usage levels. These results may provide more insights into the evolution, host ranges, and cross‐species potential of PDCoV.
The values of ΔfHo298.15 and So298.15 of the radicals formed by the abstraction of H atom from the p‐Benzylphenol and Dimethyl Phthalate
Authors: Poskrebyshev Gregory A.
Published: August 2022

In the present work, the thermochemical properties of the radicals (Yj), formed by abstraction of H atom from Dimethyl Phthalate (o‐Ph(C(O)OCH3)2) and p‐Benzylphenol (p‐PhCH2PhOH), are determined at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) (j = 1), M06‐2X/6‐311++G(d,p) (j = 2), and RO/CBS‐4 M (j = 3 and 4) levels of theory. Their calculated values of Ho298.15(Yj, CALC) are used for the determination of thermochemistry of atomization (ΔrHo298.15(Yj,CALC)atom) and homodesmotic (ΔrHo298.15((RYi)j,CALC)REAC) reactions of considered radicals. The reported calibration dependencies are used for the correction of calculated values and determination of the most consistent and accurate values of ΔfHo298.15 and ΔfGo298.15. It is found that o‐CH3OC(O)PhC(O)OCH2∙ (1C), p‐PhC∙HPhOH (1D) and p‐PhCH2PhO∙ (3D) are the most thermochemically stable structures. The intersection of reported 3SEj (= 3σj) intervals of ΔfHo298.15(1Cj,CORR)atom of atomization results the value of ΔfHo298.15(1C,CORR)MEAN = −405.1 ± 1.3 kJ/mol (±3SEY = 3σY), while, the most accurate values of ΔfHo298.15(1D and 3D,CORR)REACMEAN = 114.7 ± 0.4 and 135.8 ± 5 kJ/mol (± 3SEYREAC = 3σYREAC) are determined using the values ΔfHo298.15((RYi)j,CORR)REAC of homodesmotic reactions. The values of ΔfGo298.15, determined using the values of ΔfHo298.15 and So298.15 of these radicals, demonstrate that the exothermic reaction (17) HO2∙ + p‐PhCH2PhOH → H2O2 + p‐PhC∙HPhOH (–22.9 kJ/mol) is thermochemically more favorable than the reaction (19) HO2∙ + p‐PhCH2PhOH → H2O2 + p‐PhCH2PhO∙ (–1.8 kJ/mol). However, the value of kT(17) = 1.63 × 10–14(T/298.15)3.6e(‐6282/T), calculated using the VTST, is kinetically more favorable at elevated temperatures, while, the reaction (19) (kT(19) = 1.04×10–16(T/298.15)2.17e(–5207/T)) is more important at T < 200 K. The thermochemical properties of these radicals, as well as the calculated rate constants of their formation in reactions of HO2∙ radicals with p‐Benzylphenol, are reported for the first time.
Vacuum‐Referred Binding Energies of Bismuth and Lanthanide Levels in LiTaO3 Perovskite: Toward Designing Energy Storage Phosphor for Anti‐Counterfeiting, X‐Ray Imaging, and Mechanoluminescence
Authors: Lyu Tianshuai , Dorenbos Pieter
Published: August 2022

Discovering UV‐light or X‐ray charged afterglow and storage phosphors with high charge carrier storage capacity remains challenging. Herein, a method is proposed by combining vacuum referred binding energy (VRBE) diagram construction and optimization of dopants’ concentration and compound synthesis. The refined chemical shift model, optical spectroscopy, and thermoluminescence will be combined to construct the VRBE diagram of LiTaO3 with the lanthanide and bismuth charge transition levels. Based on the constructed VRBE diagram of LiTaO3, Bi3+, and/or Ln3+ (Ln = Tb or Pr) doped LiTaO3 will be studied. By combining Bi3+ with Tb3+, Pr3+, or Bi3+ itself, Bi3+ emerges to act as a ≈0.62 eV deep electron trap, while Tb3+, Pr3+, or Bi3+ acts as about 1.5 eV deep hole capturing and recombination centres. The VRBE in the Bi2+ 2P1/2 ground state will be derived by thermoluminescence study. Proof‐of‐concept X‐ray imaging, compression force distribution monitoring, and color‐tailoring for anti‐counterfeiting will be demonstrated by using the developed Bi3+ and/or Ln3+ doped LiTaO3. This work promotes the understanding of trap level locations and on the trapping and release processes of charge carriers in Bi3+ and/or lanthanides doped inorganic compounds for rational design of new afterglow and storage phosphors.
A Comparative Study on the Addition of MgO and Mg(OH)2 Nanoparticles into PCL Electrospun Fibers
Authors: Salaris Valentina , Leonés Adrián , López Daniel , Kenny José Maria , Peponi Laura
Published: August 2022

In this work, a comparative study between the morphology, the thermal and the mechanical properties of poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL)‐based electrospun fiber mats reinforced with both MgO and Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles, is carried out. Both MgO and Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles have been added in a range of concentrations such as 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20 wt% with respect to the PCL matrix, with the aim of improving their mechanical properties in comparison with neat PCL electrospun fibers. From the morphological point of view, electrospun fibers are randomly collected and an increase in the average fiber diameter with the addition of nanoparticles is observed. The addition of both types of nanoparticles lower the onset degradation temperature as well as the maximum degradation temperature of neat ePCL of about 50 °C with the higher content of nanoparticles. Furthermore, PCL electrospun nanofiber mats show a degree of crystallinity of 53%, which is quite high. However, the addition of 20 wt% of both MgO and Mg(OH)2 lowers the crystallinity of the reinforced electrospun fibers to 50% and 43% for PCL + MgO 20 wt% and Mg(OH)2 20 wt%, respectively.
Hybrid Phenol‐Rhodamine Dye Based Mechanochromic Double Network Hydrogels with Tunable Stress Sensitivity
Authors: Xu Bo , Luo Zixiong , Xiao Rui , Wang Zhijian , Yang Jiping
Published: August 2022

Mechanochromic hydrogels, which can switch their color in response to the applied external force, have shown great potential in stress visualization and damage indication. However, the kinds of colors in the reported mechanochromic hydrogels are limited. It is challenging to develop mechanochromic hydrogels with new kinds of color changes. Herein, a kind of mechanochromic double network (DN) hydrogel is reported based on the hybrid phenol‐rhodamine mechanophore. The hydrogels turn into orange color with an emission wavelength of around 566/574 nm in response to tensile and compressive stress. The DN hydrogels show great reversibility. The color of DN hydrogels vanishes slowly after releasing the stress. The stress sensitivity can be tailored by the crosslinking density and the mechanophore concentration of the first network. In addition, the influence of the pH on the mechanochromic properties of DN hydrogels is also studied. This study provides an insightful study in tuning the stress sensitivity in the mechanochromic hydrogel, which will be beneficial for the development of mechanochromic materials.
Investigation on experiments and numerical modeling of the residual stress distribution in deformed surface layer of Al6061 alloy after ultrasonic peening treatment
Authors: Lak M. , Sadough Vanini S.A. , Ghasemi A.
Published: August 2022

Ultrasonic peening treatment is a modern technique that enhances the surface properties of the metallic components by imposing static and dynamic loadings. The efficiency of this technique dramatically is dependent on the controlling parameters of ultrasonic peening treatment. In this study, an experimental and numerical investigation on ultrasonic peening treatment was carried out. The numerically predicted residual stress profile was verified using x‐ray diffraction measurement. Moreover, a parametric study was performed to investigate the effect of needle diameter, impact number, device moving velocity and static force on residual stress distribution. Based on the results, increasing in needle diameter, impact number and static force had positive effects on residual stress profile. In contrast, higher device moving velocity caused to emerge undesirable effects.
Effects of antimony on eutectic silicon and fracture mode of A357 alloy at different cooling rates
Authors: Mao G. , Wu Z. , Liu S. , Zhong L. , Gao W.
Published: August 2022

The effects of antimony on eutectic silicon and fracture mode of A357 alloy were investigated at slow and fast cooling rates by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, polarizing microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscope and tensile testing. The slow cooling rate is 0.16 °C/s, and the fast cooling rate is 3.20 °C/s. The results show that with antimony addition, the eutectic silicon of A357 alloy is modified. Antimony does not modify eutectic silicon of A357 alloy by increasing the number of twins. Under the same cooling rate condition, with antimony addition, the volume fraction of eutectic phases increases, and when studying the modification of eutectic silicon of some modifiers, we also need to study the eutectic phases including eutectic silicon and eutectic α‐aluminum. With antimony addition, tensile strength and elongation of A357 alloy increase, especially under fast cooling rate conditions. With the increase of elongation, the fracture mode of A357 alloy changes from I to I+II to I+II+III.