bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 2013 Canadian Forces Mental Health Survey
Authors: Zamorski Mark A. , Bennett Rachel E. , Boulos David , Garber Bryan G. , Jetly Rakesh , Sareen Jitender
Published: March 2016

Objective:

The 2013 Canadian Forces Mental Health Survey (CFMHS) collected detailed information on mental health problems, their impacts, occupational and nonoccupational determinants of mental health, and the use of mental health services from a random sample of 8200 serving personnel. The objective of this article is to provide a firm scientific foundation for understanding and interpreting the CFMHS findings.

Methods:

This narrative review first provides a snapshot of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF), focusing on 2 key determinants of mental health: the deployment of more than 40,000 personnel in support of the mission in Afghanistan and the extensive renewal of the CAF mental health system. The findings of recent population-based CAF mental health research are reviewed, with a focus on findings from the very similar mental health survey done in 2002. Finally, key aspects of the methods of the 2013 CFMHS are presented.

Results:

The findings of 20 peer-reviewed publications using the 2002 mental health survey data are reviewed, along with those of 25 publications from other major CAF mental health research projects executed over the past decade.

Conclusions:

More than a decade of population-based mental health research in the CAF has provided a detailed picture of its mental health and use of mental health services. This knowledge base and the homology of the 2013 survey with the 2002 CAF survey and general population surveys in 2002 and 2012 will provide an unusual opportunity to use the CFMHS to situate mental health in the CAF in a historical and societal perspective.
Mechanical, hygrothermal ageing and moisture absorption properties of bamboo fibers reinforced with polypropylene composites
Authors: Chunhong Wang , Shengkai Liu , Zhanglong Ye
Published: March 2016

Bamboo fibers reinforced with non-woven fabric polypropylene composites were prepared via compression molding. Three types of bamboo fibers were used in the research: untreated, treated with a sodium hydroxide solution and treated with a sodium hydroxide solution followed by three-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The effects of the preformed structures and chemical treatments on the composite performances were investigated. The results showed that the composite attained optimum mechanical properties at an alkali concentration of 5% and at a silane coupling reagent concentration of 3%. The preformed structure composed of materials with bamboo fiber/polypropylene mass ratios of 50/50 and 70/30 exhibited ideal mechanical properties. The moisture absorption behavior of the composites with different bamboo fiber contents exhibited good agreement with Fick’s law. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composites prepared using alkali-silane-treated fibers demonstrated better bonding between the fibers and matrix and had fewer voids in the composites. We also confirmed that the modifications of the bamboo fibers improved the hygrothermal properties of the composites because of the improved interfacial adhesion between the fiber and matrix.
Early-Onset Multiple Sclerosis in Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Etemadifar Masoud , Nourian Sayed-Mohammadamin , Nourian Niloofaralsadat , Abtahi Seyed-Hossein , Sayahi Farnaz , Saraf Zahra , Fereidan-Esfahani Mahboobeh
Published: March 2016

It is estimated that early-onset multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis (early-onset multiple sclerosis) approximately incorporates 3-5% of the multiple sclerosis population. In this report on early-onset multiple sclerosis, the authors aimed to define demographic, clinical and imaging features in a case-series of true-childhood multiple sclerosis and to compare its characteristics with juvenile multiple sclerosis. The authors inspected the records of multiple sclerosis patients who were registered by Isfahan MS Society. Clinical and demographic data of children with less than 16 years of age were reviewed retrospectively. Out of 4536 multiple sclerosis patients referred to the authors’ center, 221 patients (4.8%) had multiple sclerosis starting at the age of 16 or less (11 true-childhood multiple sclerosis vs 210 juvenile-onset multiple sclerosis); the female to male ratio was 4.81:1. In the mean follow-up period of 6.2 years, 22 patients (10.5%) had positive family history of multiple sclerosis, 196 (88.6%) patients were classified as relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, the mean (± SD Expanded Disability Status Scale) was 1.5 ± 1.1 at the last evaluation. The most common initial presentation was optic nerve involvement (36.1%) and cerebellar sign and symptoms (14.6%). In all, 13 patients (5.8%) had experienced seizure in the course of multiple sclerosis. This study indicated that early-onset multiple sclerosis is not rare condition and overwhelmingly affects girls even at prepubertal onset. Physicians should consider multiple sclerosis in suspicious pediatric cases.
Blood compatibility evaluations of poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(lactic acid) copolymers
Authors: Li Chenghua , Ma Chengyan , Zhang Yi , Liu Zonghua , Xue Wei
Published: March 2016

Poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(lactic acid) (PEG–PLA) copolymers have been widely used for various biomedical applications. However, their hemocompatibility has not been clarified, which would lag their developments and clinical applications. In this work, we studied the effect of PEG–PLA copolymers on key human blood components in terms of their structure and bio-functions, including morphology and lysis of red blood cells, fibrinogen structure and conformation, and plasma and blood coagulation. To elucidate a structure–activity relationship, we used diblock PEG–PLA copolymers with different molecular weight, PEG(5 kDa)–PLA(25 kDa) and PEG(2 kDa)–PLA(2 kDa), abbreviated as PEG5k–PLA25k and PEG2k–PLA2k, respectively. The results show that the PEG–PLA copolymers at the concentration range studied in this work neither caused morphological alteration and lysis of red blood cells nor affected the oxygen delivery function and fibrinogen conformation. PEG5k–PLA25k from 10 to 100 mg/mL and PEG2k–PLA2k from 1.5 to 5 mg/mL disturbed the local microenvironments of fibrinogen molecules. PEG5k–PLA25k at up to 0.1 mg/mL did not interfere in the coagulation process of plasma or whole blood, while PEG2k–PLA2k from 0.1 mg/mL significantly interfered in the intrinsic plasma coagulation pathway and impaired whole blood coagulation. The results provide important information for the molecular design and clinical applications of PEG–PLA copolymers.
Valence uncertainty and the nature of the candidate pool in elections
Authors: Di Lonardo Livio
Published: March 2016

Political parties in US politics are becoming increasingly polarized, with a growing number of extreme candidates entering electoral races. Why would extremists challenge more moderate opponents, since their chances of winning are supposedly very slim? I develop a model of electoral competition and endogenous entry to show that extremists rely on the possibility that the campaign might reveal information about the opponents’ quality that can induce some voters to change their electoral decision. The weight voters place on candidates’ valence determines the incidence of uncontested elections and the degree of asymmetry in polarization of the candidates’ policy positions in contested elections. Finally, I extend the model to consider asymmetric information about individual valence levels. I show that uncontested races are still possible in equilibrium, that in contested races at least one candidate has high valence, and the valence-advantaged candidate can be the one with the more extreme policy stance.
Numerical simulation of fairing separation test for hypersonic air breathing vehicle
Authors: Raj Ankit , Anandhanarayanan K , Krishnamurthy R , Chakraborty Debasis
Published: March 2016

Fairings are provided to cover hypersonic air breathing vehicle to protect it from adverse aerodynamic loading and kinetic heating. Separation dynamics of fairings is an important event in the launch of vehicle. Extensive computational fluid dynamics simulations are carried out for the design of fairings and vehicle and selection of time sequences of various separation events. A ground test of fairing separation is conducted in the sled facility to check the structural integrity and functionality of various separation mechanisms and flight hardware. Simulations have been carried out to study the separation dynamics of fairings at test conditions using grid-free Euler solver to get the aerodynamic loads and the loads are integrated to get the trajectory of fairings. The aerodynamic loads are provided to verify the structural integrity of various components and the trajectory of panels is used in the test planning. The pressure distributions on the vehicle are compared with the test results.
Is Seeing Gesture Necessary to Gesture Like a Native Speaker?
Authors: Özçalışkan Şeyda , Lucero Ché , Goldin-Meadow Susan
Published: March 2016

Speakers of all languages gesture, but there are differences in the gestures that they produce. Do speakers learn language-specific gestures by watching others gesture or by learning to speak a particular language? We examined this question by studying the speech and gestures produced by 40 congenitally blind adult native speakers of English and Turkish ( n = 20/language), and comparing them with the speech and gestures of 40 sighted adult speakers in each language (20 wearing blindfolds, 20 not wearing blindfolds). We focused on speakers’ descriptions of physical motion, which display strong cross-linguistic differences in patterns of speech and gesture use. Congenitally blind speakers of English and Turkish produced speech that resembled the speech produced by sighted speakers of their native language. More important, blind speakers of each language used gestures that resembled the gestures of sighted speakers of that language. Our results suggest that hearing a particular language is sufficient to gesture like a native speaker of that language.
Health informatics: The ownership and use of mobile medical applications among Egyptian patients
Authors: Mansour Essam
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study, which was conducted through a survey, is to describe the ownership and use of mobile medical apps (MMAs) by Egyptian patients. Findings revealed that 65.4% of Egyptian patients did not use MMAs, of whom 69.7% were male and 30.3% female, older, with at least a high school education and working mainly as farmers and non-government workers. The study also found that 34.6% of Egyptian patients tended to be MMA users, of whom 61.8% were also male and 38.2% female, older, educated and working mainly as businessmen/women and accountants. Many MMA users showed that they had been using these apps for less than five years. The number of MMAs owned was described to be moderate, accessed mostly from home/dormitory and work. Reminder apps, healthy life apps and general facility information apps were found to be mostly used by Egyptian patients who adopted these apps for reasons such as finding specific information, checking materials and communication. To meet these reasons, 97.1% of them were spending from one to three hours a day. Almost two-thirds of Egyptian patients confirmed that the use of these apps was at least fairly easy to them and all of them saw these apps as at least fairly useful. A large number of MMA users showed very positive attitudes towards the use of these apps, since they allow for easy dissemination of information and are described as easily accessed. They also showed some negative attitudes, since they are addictive, violate privacy, are frustrating and require language skill. Users faced some significant barriers, such as lack of awareness of MMAs, lack of language and technical skills and lack of training in the use of MMAs.
Association between TYK2 polymorphisms and susceptibility to autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Y H , Bae S-C
Published: March 2016

Objective

This study aimed to explore whether TYK2 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

Methods

We conducted a meta-analysis on the association between TYK2 polymorphisms and autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

Results

Twelve studies with a total of 16,335 patients and 30,065 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed an association between rheumatic diseases and the 2 allele of the TYK2 rs2304256 (OR = 0.885, 95% CI = 0.802–0.978, p = 0.016). Furthermore, stratification by ethnicity identified a significant association between this polymorphism and rheumatic diseases in Caucasians (OR = 0.822, 95% CI = 0.706–0.889, p = 9.5 × 10−7), but not in Asians (OR = 1.127, 95% CI = 0.835–1.522, p = 0.434). Meta-analysis by rheumatic disease type revealed a significant association between the 2 allele of the TYK2 rs2304256 and SLE in Caucasians (OR = 0.737, 95% CI = 0.673–0.808, p < 1.0 × 10−8) but not in Asians (OR = 1.211, 95% CI = 0.813–1.804, p = 0.347). Meta-analysis revealed that the rs12720356 polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to rheumatic diseases in Caucasians (OR = 0.812, 95% CI = 0.661–0.997, p = 0.046) but not in Asians. Interestingly, the rs280519 polymorphism was significantly associated with susceptibility to SLE both in Caucasians and Asians. However, no associations were found between the rs12720270, rs280500, rs280523 and rs8108236 polymorphisms and susceptibility to rheumatic diseases.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis demonstrates that the TYK2 rs2304256 and rs12720356 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to rheumatic diseases, rs2304256 polymorphism is associated with SLE in Caucasians, and rs280519 polymorphism is associated with SLE in Caucasians and Asians.
Interval estimation in multi-stage drop-the-losers designs
Authors: Lu Xiaomin , He Ying , Wu Samuel S
Published: March 2016

Drop-the-losers designs have been discussed extensively in the past decades, mostly focusing on two-stage models. The designs with more than two stages have recently received increasing attention due to their improved efficiency over the corresponding two-stage designs. In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating and testing the effect of selected treatment under the setting of three-stage drop-the-losers designs. A conservative interval estimator is proposed, which is proved to have at least the specified coverage probability using a stochastic ordering approach. The proposed interval estimator is also demonstrated numerically to have narrower interval width but higher coverage rate than the bootstrap method proposed by Bowden and Glimm (Biometrical Journal, vol. 56, pp. 332–349) in most cases. It is also a straightforward derivation from the stochastic ordering result that the family-wise error rate is strongly controlled with the maximum achieved at the global null hypothesis.
Was There a ‘Monty Method’ after the Second World War? Field Marshal Bernard L. Montgomery and the Changing Character of Land Warfare, 1945–1958
Authors: Moody Simon J.
Published: March 2016

This article argues that the post-war military thought of Field Marshal Montgomery was much more progressive than is suggested by his biographers or by the literature on British military thought after 1945. A closer inspection of Montgomery’s official, public, and private writings reveals that the Field Marshal was quick to acknowledge the rapidly changing character of land warfare. It is maintained that important considerations pertaining to the size and composition of land forces, tactical doctrine, command and control, and battlefield technique were reconceptualized by Montgomery against the new background of nuclear land combat.
A ‘Fair Chance’? The Catholic Irish Brigade in the British Service, 1793–1798
Authors: McDonnell Ciarán
Published: March 2016

The Irish Brigade in the British service, formed in the 1790s, was composed of Irish Catholic soldiers, who had recently regained official permission to serve in the British armed forces, and Franco-Irish émigré officers. The British government believed that the brigade offered Catholics a ‘fair chance’ to participate in the armed forces, but the reality was quite different. This paper examines the brigade’s origins, difficult formation, and arduous service in the West Indies and Nova Scotia, where it was consigned because of Irish Protestant distrust and political manoeuvring, and explores the changing nature of Irish military identity.
Using Statistical Forecasting to Optimize Staff Scheduling in Healthcare Organizations
Authors: Ganguly Anirban , Nandi Saikat
Published: March 2016

Modern-day business environment of healthcare organizations demands the maximization of operational effectiveness and quality with optimal cost. Therefore, healthcare executives are often required to make difficult decisions based on subjective experience and judgement. An example of such a decision is scheduling of resources to fulfil demand for service. The effective use of statistical forecasting can lead to better personnel scheduling decisions based on estimates of patient arrival rates, resulting in improvement in quality of service as well as reduction of cost.

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the typical steps involved in applying forecasting techniques in patient care: This demonstration involves use of statistical techniques like Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to identify factors driving demand, and Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) to develop a forecasting model for optimal staff scheduling in healthcare organizations based on patient arrival rates. The models are developed and subsequently tested on a set of real data gathered from a regional hospital located in the US. Statistically significant difference in average patient count was found among different days of the week. The findings of the research suggests that resources like cleaning personnel can be better utilized by allocating different proportions of resources to different parts of the week, based on the understanding of different patient load over these time periods.
Sports and structured leisure as sites of victimization for children and young people in Finland: Looking at the significance of gender and ethnicity
Authors: Peltola Marja , Kivijärvi Antti
Published: March 2016

Availability and access have been central worries that are discussed related to children’s and young people’s sport and other structured leisure activities. In this article, we shift the focus towards children’s and young people’s experiences of violence perpetrated by coaches or leaders within such activities in Finland. We use a large-scale survey on children’s and young people’s experiences of violence in different spheres of life (Finnish Child Victim Survey 2013) as the data, and concentrate on the significance of gender and ethnicity for the experiences of violence within structured leisure. The results show that boys report significantly higher levels of emotional, physical and sexual violence perpetrated by a coach or a leader within leisure activities than girls; and immigrant background seems also to increase the risk of being victimized. With the help of logistic regression analysis, we assess the role of other background factors in experiencing violence within structured activities, but conclude that the significance of gender and ethnicity persists even when factors related to the family background are taken into consideration.
Client Experiences With Shelter and Community Care Services in the Netherlands
Authors: Asmoredjo Jolanda , Beijersbergen Mariëlle D. , Wolf Judith R. L. M.
Published: March 2016

Purpose:

To gain insight into client experiences with shelter or community care services for homeless people, homeless youth, and abused women and identify priority improvement areas.

Methods:

Seven hundred and forty-four clients rated their experiences and 116 clients rated the services’ importance.

Results:

Clients had most positive experiences with the client–worker relationship and least positive experiences with the results of services. Abused women’s service providers scored higher than homeless adults and youth service providers. Day and night shelters scored lowest, followed by crisis shelters, supported housing, and outreaching teams. The results of care have the highest need for quality improvement for homeless adults and youth.

Discussion:

Clients’ experiences with shelter and community care services in the Netherlands are generally positive, with a strong client–worker relationship forming the basis of good quality care. Monitoring outcomes and increasing the focus on results are integrated in recent approaches aimed at improving the quality of shelter care.
Incisura Morphology as a Risk Factor for Syndesmotic Malreduction
Authors: Cherney Steven M. , Spraggs-Hughes Amanda G. , McAndrew Christopher M. , Ricci William M. , Gardner Michael J.
Published: March 2016

Background:

The goal of this study was to objectively assess if rotational or translational syndesmotic malreduction is associated with certain syndesmotic morphologies. Prior studies based on subjective assessment of syndesmotic morphology and reduction have not shown any difference between groups.

Methods:

Thirty-five prospectively recruited patients with operatively treated syndesmotic injuries were recruited at an Urban Level I Trauma Center. Patients underwent postoperative bilateral computed tomographic (CT) scans of the ankle to assess incisura depth and syndesmotic reduction. The uninjured extremity was used as a control. Side-to-side differences of syndesmotic reduction were measured at several anatomic points and compared to the incisura depth.

Results:

There was a significant correlation between more shallow syndesmoses and increased anterior translation of the fibula in the incisura ( r = −0.63, P ≤ .001). Six of 8 patients with “shallow” (≤2.5 mm) incisura were anteriorly malreduced greater than or equal to 1.5 mm compared to the contralateral ankle. The anterior malreduction rate in those with a shallow incisura was significantly greater than in the “non-shallow” patients ( P < .001). There were 9 patients with incisurae greater than or equal to 4.5 mm deep. Five of the “deep” patients had posterior malreductions greater than or equal to 1.5 mm. The posterior malreduction rate in the “deep” group was significantly greater than the “non-deep” patients ( P = .02). There was a significant correlation between increasing syndesmotic depth and increased malrotation ( r = .46, P = .01).

Conclusion:

Syndesmotic morphology was found to be associated with specific malreduction patterns. Shallow syndesmoses were correlated with anterior fibular malreduction, and were less likely to be malrotated. Conversely, deep syndesmoses predisposed to posterior sagittal plane and rotational malalignment. Preoperative CT scans that assess the syndesmosis morphology may allow surgeons to alter reduction strategies to avoid syndesmotic malreduction.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
A new approach for the determination of the global minimum time for the Chaplygin sleigh brachistochrone problem
Authors: Radulović R , Šalinić S , Obradović A , Rusov S
Published: March 2016

A new approach for the determination of the global minimum time for the case of the brachistochronic motion of the Chaplygin sleigh is presented. The new approach is based on the use of the shooting method in solving the corresponding two-point boundary-value problem and defining either the crossing points of surfaces or the crossing points space of curves in a three-dimensional space of two costate variables and the time of the brachistochronic motion of the sleigh. A number of examples for multiple extremals of the Chaplygin sleigh brachistochrone problem are provided. In these examples, the global minimum is the solution to which the minimum time of motion corresponds.
Parallel-algorithm extension for tsunami and earthquake-cycle simulators for massively parallel execution on the K computer
Authors: Ando Kazuto , Hyodo Mamoru , Baba Toshitaka , Hori Takane , Kato Toshihiro , Watanabe Masaru , Ichikawa Shin-ichi , Kitahara Hisakuni , Uehara Hitoshi , Inoue Hikaru
Published: March 2016

This article presents a case study on the extension of parallel algorithms in tsunami and earthquake-cycle simulators for massively parallel execution on the K computer. We use two target applications: a tsunami-simulation program, “JAGURS,” and an earthquake-cycle program, “RSGDX.” Our optimization strategy for collective communication is to split the Message Passing Interface (MPI) communicator and perform multistage localized communication to minimize the communication frequency, transferred data size, and network congestion. Moreover, in the case of severe load imbalances, we apply cyclic distribution and extend the axes for parallelization. For each application, we conduct a performance evaluation with massively parallel execution on the K computer. It is shown that our optimized code enables JAGURS to attain a 21.8× speedup for collective communication and a 7.9× speedup for the time-step loop on 8748 nodes (69,984 cores). RSGDX attains a 4.25× speedup for collective communication and an 18.7× speedup for the time-step loop on 8192 nodes (65,536 cores).
“Things I did not know”: Retrospectives on a Canadian rural male youth suicide using an instrumental photovoice case study
Authors: Creighton Genevieve M , Oliffe John L , Lohan Maria , Ogrodniczuk John S , Palm Emma
Published: March 2016

In Canada, it is young, rural-based men who are at the greatest risk of suicide. While there is no consensus on the reasons for this, evidence points to contextual social factors including isolation, lack of confidential services, and pressure to uphold restrictive norms of rural masculinity. In this article, we share findings drawn from an instrumental photovoice case study to distil factors contributing to the suicide of a young, Canadian, rural-based man. Integrating photovoice methods and in-depth qualitative, we conducted interviews with seven family members and close friends of the deceased. The interviews and image data were analyzed using constant comparative methods to discern themes related to participants’ reflections on and perceptions about rural male suicide. Three inductively derived themes, “Missing the signs,” “Living up to his public image,” and “Down in Rural Canada,” reflect the challenges that survivors and young rural men can experience in attempting to be comply with restrictive dominant ideals of masculinity. We conclude that community-based suicide prevention efforts would benefit from gender-sensitive and place-specific approaches to advancing men’s mental health by making tangibly available and affirming an array of masculinities to foster the well-being of young, rural-based men.
The use of medical care and out-of-pocket payments in Russia
Authors: Zasimova Liudmila
Published: March 2016

Background: Despite the constitutional right of all Russian citizens to free medical care, out-of-pocket payment is a widespread phenomenon for all types of medical treatment. The aims of this paper are twofold: To present new evidence on the use of, and payment for, outpatient and inpatient treatment in Russia; and to compare the motivations behind both official and informal payments for outpatient services provided in public medical institutions. Methods: This study uses data from a quantitative household survey conducted in April 2014. The sample comprised 1602 individuals aged ⩾ 18 years, representing the entire adult population of the Russian Federation. We studied three types of medical care: inpatient treatment, outpatient treatment and medicines. Results: Our study found that 22.2% of patients pay for outpatient services, 37.5% pay for inpatient services and 91.5% pay for outpatient medicinal treatment. The informal payments are almost equally met in both outpatient (13.4%) and inpatient (12.2%) care; while the official payments are more common in inpatient care (25.2%), compared to outpatient care (8.8%). The main reasons for informal payment include: improvements in the quality of care and gratitude for medical staff. The official payments are more frequently motivated by an inability to receive a certain treatment free of charge. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that both official and informal payments for medical treatment are widespread in Russia: Informal payments are strongly preferred over official payments for outpatient care, while official payments dominate in inpatient care.
“It’s for their own good”: Techniques of neutralization and security guard violence against psychiatric patients
Authors: Johnston Matthew S , Kilty Jennifer M
Published: March 2016

Based on eight in-depth interviews conducted with security guards who work in the psychiatric units of two hospitals located in Ottawa, Canada, this research found that private security agents unknowingly draw on Sykes and Matza’s five techniques of neutralization to justify their use of violence and coercive force against patients and to overcome their feelings of guilt for participating in the administration of brutal intervention practices, including physical and chemical restraints. Guards claimed that these practices benefit the patients more than it hurts them and in cases where they believed the interventions to be unwarranted, guards either accepted the medical staff’s judgment to make decisions about when coercive force should be used or condemned the authority the nursing staff has in determining how to manage patients. They also drew on militant codes of security conduct to justify their tough demeanours and resilient attitudes towards medicalized violence. Implications for forensic practice include considerations of the effects of the (gendered) power relations that structure closed institutional settings and can harm already vulnerable patients, as well as the negative consequences of using security to enforce arbitrary institutional rules.
Missing the moral: Excited delirium as a negative case study of a moral panic
Authors: Wozniak Jesse SG
Published: March 2016

This article examines Excited Delirium, a controversial medical explanation offered as an explanation for a variety of in-custody deaths. It appears to fit all essential criteria to incite a moral panic, featuring a powerful moral entrepreneur playing off of well-established fears of drugs use and psychosis, with a classic folk devil in the form of young men of color. Yet Excited Delirium has failed to provoke a widespread response, raising the question of how a phenomenon that meets all the classic criteria can fail to incite a moral panic. I argue this stems from the entrepreneurs involved failing to present themselves as sufficiently moral, their campaign to medicalize the phenomenon meeting an unreceptive medical field, and their broad conception of Excited Delirium too easily facilitating strong counter-narratives. This study uses Excited Delirium as a negative case to demonstrate several important factors to consider in the development of moral panics.
Clothing makes the man: Impression management and prisoner reentry
Authors: Smiley Calvin John , Middlemass Keesha M
Published: March 2016

Building on the wealth of prisoner reentry scholarship focusing on the process of transitioning home, this article examines clothing and reentry, and the complex interplay of how clothing has meaning for both the wearer and the viewer during this process. Prisoner reintegration research demonstrates that former prisoners are in need of a multitude of items, yet the purpose of clothing as a function in impression management is rarely considered. This article contends that clothing plays an important role in mediating social interactions for men returning to the community. Drawing on ethnographic data from a two-year interdisciplinary project in Newark, New Jersey, we present empirical evidence that clothing supports substantial notions of identity and performance. Through the notion of liminality, we explore three typologies that reveal how clothing pertains to male performance and social practice: (1) loss of identity, (2) reclamation of identity, and (3) creation of identity. We find that clothing is a tool through which former prisoners are able to reengage with society as someone other than as a former prisoner.
Moving facts in an Arctic field: The expedition as anthropological method
Authors: Hastrup Kirsten , Flora Janne , Andersen Astrid O.
Published: March 2016

This article reflects on the merits of the expedition as an anthropological method on the basis of a recent cross-disciplinary experience, involving biologists, archaeologists and anthropologists working together in High Arctic Greenland. True to the term, the expedition had chartered a vessel from where the team could go ashore in places that would otherwise have been difficult to access, and where the individual perspectives could cross-fertilize each other in actual practice. It is argued that anthropology itself is a mode of experimentation in practice, which enables new trains of thought, and an engagement with other disciplinary practices. The gain of our cross-disciplinary experiment was therefore not only to know more about the makings of a particular landscape in a multi-disciplinary perspective, but also to understand how anthropology makes sense of inherently moving facts.
Effects of ethanol on combustion and emissions of a gasoline engine operating with different combustion modes
Authors: Ojapah Mohammed Moore , Zhao Hua , Zhang Yan
Published: March 2016

The introduction of fuel economy and CO2 emission legislations for passenger cars in many countries and regions has spurred the research and development of more efficient gasoline engines. The pumping loss at part-load operations is a major factor for the higher fuel consumption of spark-ignition gasoline engines than the diesel engines. Various approaches have been identified to reduce the pumping loss at part-load operations, leading to improved fuel economy, including early intake-valve closing, positive valve overlap and controlled auto-ignition combustion. On the other hand, in order to reduce the CO2 emissions from the fossil fuel, ethanol produced from renewable resources is becoming widely used in the gasoline engine. In this article, the performance, combustion and emissions were measured, analysed and compared between gasoline and its mixture with ethanol (E15 and E85) at a typical part-load condition when a direct-injection gasoline engine was operated with the controlled auto-ignition combustion by means of the negative valve overlap and spark-ignition combustion by means of the intake throttled, early intake-valve closing and positive valve overlap. An electro-hydraulic actuated camless system enabled the engine to be operated with controlled auto-ignition combustion and spark-ignition combustion of different valve timings and durations at the same load. The results showed that the controlled auto-ignition combustion reduces nitrogen oxide emissions by more than 90%. The positive valve overlap results in better mixture preparations and improved combustion efficiency and best fuel economy compared to all the other modes. The early intake-valve closing operation led to a moderate improvement in the fuel conversion efficiency over the throttled spark-ignition operation, but it was characterised by the slowest combustion and worst hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. Fewer and smaller particle numbers were detected in early intake-valve closing using E0 and E15 fuel blends. Using ethanol blends reduces the knocking combustion in controlled auto-ignition modes by about 50%. The use of E85 resulted in an increased number of particulate emissions in early intake-valve closing but increased indicated specific fuel consumption in all the modes. The particulate emission results showed that soot is the dominant particle in the exhaust.
Closeness and distance: Using close reading as a method of educational enquiry in English studies
Authors: Brookman Helen , Horn Julia
Published: March 2016

This article draws on a pedagogical case study in order to reflect on the value of using a Humanities disciplinary practice (the ‘close reading’ of literary studies) as a method of educational enquiry and to provide a worked example of this approach. We explore the introduction of a pedagogic strategy – students writing abstracts for essays and sharing them in advance of group discussion – into the tutorial at the University of Oxford, and an evaluation of it. We then read the student ‘texts’ (written abstracts and evaluation forms) more closely, to problematize the initial evaluation findings and reveal hidden aspects of student learning and the teaching relationship. We reflect upon our approach and suggest some of the difficulties and advantages of ‘close reading’ student texts while achieving scholarly ‘distance’ as a pedagogic research practice. In addition, we explore further the relations between social science and humanities approaches to educational enquiry.
Reflections of a community-based participatory researcher from the intersection of disability advocacy, engineering, and the academy
Authors: Raymaker Dora M
Published: March 2016

This article uses an evocative autoethnographic approach to explore the experience of being an insider-researcher in a community-based participatory research setting. Taking a holistic perspective and using the form of narrative story-telling, I examine the dynamics between the typically marginalizing (but sometimes empowering) experience of being an autistic woman and the typically privileging (but sometimes oppressive) experience of being an engineering professional, during a time of career upheaval. Themes of motivations and mentors, adversity from social services and the academy, belonging, the slipperiness of intersectional positioning, feedback cycles of opportunity, dichotomies of competence and inadequacy, heightened stakes, and power and resistance are explored through the narrative. While primarily leaving the narrative to speak for itself per the qualitative approach taken, the article concludes with a discussion of how the personal experiences described relate both to the broader work of insider-researchers within disability-related fields, and to misconceptions about self-reflection and capacity for story-telling in individuals on the autism spectrum.
‘Happiness education': A pedagogical-political commitment
Authors: Guilherme Alex , de Freitas Ana Lucia Souza
Published: March 2016

The topic of ‘happiness education' has received considerable attention in recent years in educational discourse, not just in academia but also in the public sphere. This movement understands that there is a ‘widespread incidence of psychological harm caused by damage to the child's sense of self-worth’ (Smith (2008) The long slide to happiness. Journal of Philosophy of Education 42(3–4): 560), including damage done by the educational system, and as a response to this, it seeks to make use of ‘happiness education' to repair this damage. In the light of this, some commentators, such as Smith (2008), Suissa ((2008) Lessons from a new science? On teaching happiness in schools. Journal of Philosophy of Education 42(3–4): 575–590) and Cigman (2008 ) have criticised this ‘science of happiness' as being reductionist and not taking into account the richness of life. We join these commentators in criticising this approach to ‘happiness education' and refer to Paulo Freire's thought, arguing for a ‘rich conception of happiness' in education (cf. Cigman (2014) Happiness rich and poor: Lessons from philosophy and literature. Journal of Philosophy of Education 48(2): 308–322). This article is divided into two parts. Firstly, we argue that education should be understood as a political act and put forward a critical view of the simplistic notion of ‘happiness education'. Secondly, we present the topic of ‘happiness' in the works of Paulo Freire and Georges Snyders, who defended that we must strive for a fuller, richer understanding of ‘happiness' in education, bringing back the pleasure to teach and to study, and transform educational settings in places that strengthen and encourage ‘happiness' in our lives, especially of those who suffer outside the school or university.
Sound the Alarm? Judicial Decisions Regarding Publication and Dissent
Authors: Hazelton Morgan , Hinkle Rachael K. , Jeon Jee Seon
Published: March 2016

Judges sitting on three-judge panels in the U.S. Courts of Appeals make decisions under the shadow of potential review by supervising courts, the full circuit sitting en banc and the Supreme Court. Review is more likely for published decisions, particularly when a dissent is present. Unpublished decisions do not have binding precedential status. These factors create the potential for judges to be strategic in deciding whether to publish a decision or write a dissent. We develop a formal model of decision aggregation that takes the possibility of negotiating a tradeoff between the ideological location of a rule and its precedential value into account. Implications of our model are tested empirically using an original data set of search and seizure cases. Our model and results indicate that preferences within the panel and judicial hierarchy coupled with discretionary review influence judges’ decisions regarding publication and dissent, and that these choices have important consequences.
Shedding a Light on Phototherapy Studies with People having Dementia
Authors: Aarts Mariëlle P. J. , Aries Myriam B. C. , Diakoumis Adonia , van Hoof Joost
Published: March 2016

Light therapy is applied to older people with dementia as a treatment to reset the biological clock, to improve the cognitive functioning, and to reduce behavioral symptoms. Although the methodological quality of light therapy studies is essential, many aspects concerning the description of the lighting applied are missing. This study reviewed light therapy studies concerning the effects on people with dementia as a way to check the methodological quality of the description of light from a light engineering perspective. Twelve studies meeting the inclusion criteria were chosen for further analysis. Each study was scored on a list of aspects relevant to a proper description of lighting aspects. The overview demonstrates that the overall quality of the methodologies is poor. The studies describe the lighting insufficiently and not in the correct metrics. The robustness of light therapy studies can be improved by involving a light engineer or specialist.
Citicoline retards myopia progression following form deprivation in guinea pigs
Authors: Mao Junfeng , Liu Shuangzhen , Fu Chunyan
Published: March 2016

The retinal dopaminergic system is involved in the myopic shift following form deprivation. Citicoline has been demonstrated to stimulate the dopaminergic system in the brain and retina. Furthermore, citicoline has been used in many neurogenic diseases, such as senile cognitive impairment, stroke and Parkinson's disease as well as in amblyopia and glaucoma. Our aim was to investigate the effect of citicoline on the refractive state and retinal dopamine level in form deprivation myopia of guinea pigs. Guinea pigs, at an age of four weeks, were randomly divided into normal control, deprivation, deprived + citicoline and deprived + vehicle groups. Form deprivation myopia was induced by a translucent eye shield covering the right eye. Citicoline was injected intraperitoneally twice a day (500 mg/kg, 9 am and 9 pm) for 10 days. In vitro, retinal explants were cultured with citicoline for 24 h, with a final citicoline concentration of 100 µmol/L. The ocular refractive parameters and retinal dopamine content were measured. After occlusion for 10 days, the form-deprived eyes became myopic with an increase in axial length and a decrease in retinal dopamine content. The intraperitoneal injection of citicoline reduced the myopic degree (from −3.25 ± 0.77D to −0.62 ± 0.47D, P < 0.001) and partially raised retinal dopamine levels (from 0.55 ± 0.21 ng to 0.81 ± 0.24 ng, P < 0.01) in the form-deprived eyes. After 24 h of culturing retinal explants with citicoline, retinal dopamine content increased significantly (from 0.42 ± 0.14 ng to 0.62 ± 0.21 ng, P < 0.05). These results demonstrated that an intraperitoneal injection of citicoline could retard the myopic shift induced by form deprivation in guinea pigs, which was mediated by an increase in the retinal dopamine levels.
Superior Mesenteric Artery Aneurysm Caused by Aortic Valve Endocarditis
Authors: de Troia Alessandro , Mottini Francesca , Biasi Lukla , Azzarone Matteo , Tecchio Tiziano , Salcuni PierFranco
Published: March 2016

Infectious aneurysms of the superior mesenteric artery are a rare but life-threatening condition due to the risk of visceral ischemia, sepsis, or hemorrhage. In this study, we report the case of a superior mesenteric artery aneurysm (SMAA) secondary to a bioprosthetic valve endocarditis, successfully managed with aneurysm resection and saphenous vein interposition graft. We performed an extensive PubMed-based rewiew of the literature of the last 10 years on SMAA, which include the detection of 38 articles quoting 41 SMAAs. The case histories were divided in 2 groups: 18 cases belonged to nonmycotic group A and 23 cases were included in mycotic group B. In group A, 44.4% of patients were treated surgically, whereas in group B, 90.5%. The 2 study groups significantly differed ( P = .01) in terms of surgical treatment. The surgical approach still remains the first choice of treatment in mycotic aneurysm.
Endovascular Treatment of Traumatic Pseudoaneurysm of the Superficial Temporal Artery
Authors: Cvetic Vladimir Zoran , Radmili Oliver , Lukic Borivoje , Colic Momcilo , Davidovic Lazar
Published: March 2016

Pseudoaneurysms of the superficial temporal artery (STA) are rare vascular lesions that mainly occur after blunt head trauma. Diagnosis can be made on clinical grounds and is confirmed by ultrasonography. They are usually treated by open surgery procedures, but when the aneurysm is located in inaccessible areas, catheter embolization can be an alternative therapeutic option. We describe a case of a traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the STA which was treated with the vascular plug embolization. We conclude that endovascular embolization can be an option in the treatment of STA pseudoaneurysms.
Employee Entitlement and Proactive Work Behaviors
Authors: Klimchak Malayka , Carsten Melissa , Morrell Daniel , MacKenzie William I.
Published: March 2016

Organizations are concerned that the newest generation of workers believe they are entitled to positive organizational outcomes, regardless of their level of effort. To better understand employee entitlement and organizational outcomes, we tested whether entitlement was directly related to the proactive work behaviors of voice and taking charge. We also examined whether narcissism and organizational identification moderated these relationships. Results suggest that entitlement is not directly related to either of the proactive work behaviors examined. However, support was found for a model where narcissism moderated the relationship between entitlement and taking charge behaviors. Low narcissism employees are less likely to exhibit taking charge behaviors when they report low levels of entitlement. When employees are high in narcissism, low entitlement employees are actually more likely to take charge than employees high in entitlement. Organizational identification was also found to moderate the relationship between entitlement and voice as well as between entitlement and taking charge. Highly entitled individuals will engage in more voice and taking charge when they demonstrate high levels of organizational identification. Implications for research and practice are discussed.