bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
56.3: Invited Paper: New Color Rendering Standards and Implications for Displays that Provide Illumination: The Promise and Peril of Solid State Lighting
Authors: Whitehead Lorne A.
Published: July 2015

As displays become larger and more efficient, they may come to provide illumination as well as imagery. This will require reconciling a conflict between color gamut and color rendering. Standards for color rendering are also evolving, and this should be taken into account in the optimization of displays that are intended to serve these two purposes.
57.2: Electrical Characterization of BCE‐TFTs with a‐IGZTO Oxide Semiconductor Compatible with Cu and Al interconnections
Authors: Ochi Mototaka , Morita Shinya , Takanashi Yasuyuki , Tao Hiroaki , Goto Hiroshi , Kugimiya Toshihiro , Kanamaru Moriyoshi
Published: July 2015

We have developed an amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐Sn‐O (a‐IGZTO) semiconducting thin film for back channel etching (BCE) type thin‐film transistors (TFTs). As the material is highly stable to acid etchants, the fabrication of the IGZTO TFTs having both Al and Cu interconnections is viable by back channel etching using conventional etchant such as PAN and H2O2‐based etchants.
57.3: Distinguished Paper: New Pixel Circuits for Controlling Threshold Voltage by Back‐gate Bias Voltage using Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor FETs
Authors: Kaneyasu Makoto , Toyotaka Kouhei , Shishido Hideaki , Isa Toshiyuki , Eguchi Shingo , Miyake Hiroyuki , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Yamazaki Shunpei , Dobashi Masayoshi , Fujiwara Chieko
Published: July 2015

We devised a threshold voltage compensation pixel circuit using back‐gate bias voltage. Variations in threshold voltage can be reduced to 10% while improving the saturation characteristics of a driving transistor. We fabricated a 5.29‐in Quad‐VGA OLED display using this pixel circuit.
57.4: Invited Paper: Device Physics of Amorphous Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Dodabalapur Ananth , Schulz Leander , Lee Chenguan , Cobb Brian , Kim Bongjun , Kim Seohee
Published: July 2015

We describe the device and transport characteristics of amorphous zinc tin oxide thin‐film (ZTO) transistors. In samples with a sufficiently high mobility and at a high gate voltage, a crossover occurs from transport governed by thermal excitation of trapped charges to one where the charge carriers reside for a sufficiently long time in extended states. Very few semiconductors exhibit this range of behavior in the same device under different conditions. We also describe the correct methods to extract mobility values and ionization energies from current voltage characteristics.
70.2: An 81‐in. 8k x 4k OLED Kawara‐Type Multidisplay that Provides a Seamless, Continuous Image
Authors: Nakamura Daiki , Ikeda Hisao , Sugisawa Nozomu , Yanagisawa Yuichi , Eguchi Shingo , Kawashima Susumu , Shiokawa Masataka , Miyake Hiroyuki , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Yamazaki Shunpei , Idojiri Satoru , Ishii Akira , Yokoyama Masatoshi
Published: July 2015

A kawara‐type multidisplay providing a seamless, continuous image was fabricated by precisely arranging 13.5‐inch organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) flexible panels with transparent edges on two adjacent sides. By using 36 panels, an 81‐inch 8k4k OLED kawara‐type multidisplay, the world's largest display, was fabricated.
59.1: Invited Paper: Flexible Flat‐Panel Display Designs with Gate Driver Circuits Integrated within the Pixel Area
Authors: Yoshida Hidefumi , Tanaka Kohei , Noma Takeshi , Nishiyama Takayuki , Yonebayashi Ryo , Nasu Yasuhiro , Ishida Takeshi , Murata Mitsuhiro , Nakanishi Yohei , Kadowaki Shinya , Watanabe Hisashi , Tomotoshi Takuma , Yuki Ryuzo , Kanehiro Masayuki
Published: July 2015

We have developed a new stylish TFT‐LCD. We located gatedriver monolithic circuits in the pixel area. As there are no electronic circuits in the frame area, we can realize a narrow border and round corners or a multi‐concave shape, and the frame shape can be easily revised.
71.1: High Throughput and Scalable Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 as a Moisture Barrier for Flexible OLED Display
Authors: Choi Hagyoung , Shin Seokyooon , Choi Yonghyuk , Choi Yeongtae , Kim Junghun , Kim Sanghun , Kim Hyungkyu , Park Jongsik , Chung Seog Chul , Jeon Hyeongtag , Oh Kiyoung
Published: July 2015

We have developed high throughput and scalable space divided atomic layer deposition (ALD) system for thin filmencapsulation (TFE) of flexible OLEDs display. In this paper, we report high moisture barrier properties of Al2O3 films deposited by our new developed high throughput (70 Å/min) spatial ALD with 2G glass substrate size (370 × 470 mm2). The WVTR on flexible substrate could achieve ∼10−5 g/m2‐day under tritium test.
28.2: Invited Paper: Reverse Intersystem Crossing From High‐lying Triplet Energy Levels to Excited Singlet: A “Hot excition” Path for OLEDs
Authors: Hu Dehua , Yao Liang , Yang Bing , Ma Yuguang
Published: July 2015

The photophysical process of reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) from high‐lying triplet levels to singlet manifold is innovatively utilized to enhance the efficiency of fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (FOLEDs) by simultaneously harvesting singlet and triplet excitons. Efforts are devoted to developing materials with high photoluminescence efficiency and effective RISC.
72.1: World's First 55‐in. 120Hz‐Driven 8K4K IPS‐LCDs with Wide Color Gamut
Authors: Oke Ryutaro , Nakai Takashi , Maruyama Junichi , Kajita Daisuke , Miyazaki Kaori , Ishii Masahiro , Matsukawa Hideki
Published: July 2015

We applied the unique pixel driving technology, Next‐APD, to 55 inch diagonal 8K4K panels and realized the high resolution and quality 8K4K display for the first time in the world. Here, this compact 8K4K display is more suitable for such applications as medical, broadcast, and industrial displays.
29.4: Flexible AMOLED Display with Integrated Gate Driver Operating at Operation Speed Compatible with 4k2k
Authors: Steudel Soeren , Cobb Brian , Nag Manoj , Obata Koji , Murata Mitsuhiro , Myny Kris , Schols Sarah , Vicca Peter , Tung Huei Ke , Smout Steve , Willegems Myriam , Ameys Marc , Bhoolokam Ajay , Kumar Abhishek , van der Steen Jan‐Laurens , Genoe Jan , Gelinck Gerwin , Heremans Paul
Published: July 2015

We present a QVGA (320x240 with 3 sub‐pixel) top‐emitting AMOLED display with 250ppi resolution using a self‐aligned (SA) IGZO TFT backplane on polyimide‐foil with full barrier. The back plane process flow is based on a 7 layer photolithography process. The aperture ratio of the top‐emitting OLEDs is approx. 80%. An integrated gate driver is shown that can be driven at operation speed equivalent to a 4k2k display at 100Hz.
30.1: Review on Dynamic Holography in Materials for Large‐size Holographic 3D Video Display
Authors: Gao Hongyue , Liu Jicheng , Yu Yingjie , Zeng Chao , Yao Qiuxiang , Liu Pan , Zheng Huadong
Published: July 2015

Some novel results were reported on dynamic holography recently. We furthermore obtained real‐time holographic 3D video display in super‐fast liquid crystals. Some of the latest holographic 3D display developments are presented in this paper. These achievements might become good candidates to realize large‐size, high‐resolution and color 3D holographic video displays.
73.4: Reflective LCD with High Reflectance and Color Reproductivity for Reduced Eye Strain
Authors: Kubota Daisuke , Niikura Yasuhiro , Hatsumi Ryo , Ishitani Tetsuji , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Miyake Hiroyuki , Yamazaki Shunpei , Nakamura Ami , Chubachi Yuka , Katayama Masahiro
Published: July 2015

We fabricated prototypes of a 434‐ppi 5.9‐in reflective liquid crystal display for use as an e‐book reader. With high‐level optical characteristics with a reflectance of 25.1% and an NTSC ratio of 37%, we achieved eye‐friendly reflective LCD.
31.4: Properties of Nano‐Phase‐Separated Liquid Crystals (NPS LCs) with Fast Response
Authors: Fujisawa Toru , Jang Keumhee , Kodera Fumiaki , Gushiken Marina , Sudou Gou , Hasebe Hiroshi , Takatsu Haruyoshi
Published: July 2015

A Nano‐Phase Separated LCs, which is one of polymer/liquid crystal composite, realizes faster response than polymer sustained vertical aligned liquid crystals (PSA). In further improvement, the decay time less than 1 ms is achieved by 22 volts of driving voltage (V90).
74.1L: Late‐News Paper: Force‐Sensing Touch screens
Authors: Li Hao , Maniar Papu
Published: July 2015

We present breakthrough touchscreens having dual capacitive and force‐sensing technologies. NDT's screen‐printed force‐sensing module is attached directly under the capacitive touchscreens, thus providing high sensitivity, fine spatial resolution and scalability to bigger display sizes. This is in contrast to present force‐sensing displays with capacitive plates or force‐sensing resistors on the display periphery.
32.3: Enhancing Interferometric Display Color View Angle Performance Using a Fiber Array Film
Authors: Ma Jian , Hong Brandon , Hong John , Chang Tallis
Published: July 2015

Viewing angle dependent color shift is a fundamental property of all interferometric displays, including Qualcomm's Mirasol™ displays. We present a solution to reduce the color shift using a fiber array fabricated in a polycarbonate film via nano embossing. We discuss FDTD simulation, fabrication, and experimental result.
32.4L: Late‐News Paper: Frontlighting Reflective Display and Enhancing Image using Optical Noise Filtering‐Multilayer LGP
Authors: Käläntär Kälil
Published: July 2015

The reflective displays, such as electronic papers, micro‐electromechanical systems and micro‐electro‐optical‐mechanical systems, reflective liquid‐crystal displays have great advantages over the transmissive displays in terms of low power consumption, color gamut and high contrast under bright ambient illumination. However, the optical characteristics are deteriorated under dim environment. In general, a single prismatic light‐guide plate (LGP) is employed in frontlight unit (FLU) to illuminate a reflective display, in spite adding optical noise to the display module. In this paper the optical characteristic of a FLU that employs functional integrated LGP, i.e. multilayer/stacked LGPs with luminance enhancing function is studied.
33.1: Invited Paper: A Novel Vertical‐Type Light‐Emitting Transistor and Panel Design on Amorphous Silicon Backplane for High Resolution TV Application
Authors: Hirai Tadahiko , Bown Mark , Ueno Kazunori
Published: July 2015

We have developed novel vertical‐type transistors (VTs) and vertical‐type light‐emitting transistors (VLTs) using a combination of metal oxide and organic semiconductor materials. We have obtained an ON/OFF ratio =3.7 and Gain =16.7 in the first VT device. We also report pixel and circuit design for a 42″ 4K bottom emission VLT panel on a conventional amorphous silicon (a‐Si) backplane with 60% aperture ratio operated by a novel high speed feedback compensation circuit.
35.3: Resolution Enhancement Based on Shifted Superposition
Authors: Barshan Elnaz , Lamm Mark , Scharfenberger Christian , Fieguth Paul
Published: July 2015

We propose a resolution enhancement approach called Shifted Superposition (SSPOS) to project high‐resolution content using a low‐resolution projection system with an opto‐mechanical image shifter. Given a high‐resolution source, SSPOS learns a set of optimum spatially shifted low‐resolution (i.e., the native projector resolution) images whose superimposed projection can reproduce the high‐resolution content on the screen. Extensive evaluations using a variety of metrics demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed SSPOS.
36.2: Speckle Suppression in a Scaled Holographic Display from Single Phase‐Only Computer Generated Hologram
Authors: Chang Chenliang , Xia Jun , Li Qing , Lei Wei
Published: July 2015

We proposed a method to suppress the speckle noise in scaled phase‐only holographic display. First, the complex Fresnel hologram is calculated by using the scaled diffraction algorithm. Then the phase‐only computer generated hologram (CGH) is calculated by using the error diffusion filter process. Based on this method, both of the amplitude and phase distribution on image plane reconstructed from the phase‐only CGH are optimized. The phase distribution on the image plane is smoothed and uniform so the interference among adjacent pixels is greatly suppressed. The experiment results show a prominent effect in the reconstruction with speckle suppression compared with the conventional iterative based method.
19.1: OLED Power Reduction Algorithm Using Gray‐level Mapping Conversion
Authors: Ahn YongDuck , Kang Suk‐Ju
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a new OLED power reduction algorithm. It computes the optimal power reduction level by modifying the gray‐level mapping curve between input and output signals based on the image quality metric. Therefore, it does not need any circuit modification or additional circuits for the power reduction.
19.4: Denoising for Polarizer‐Free Imaging of Liquid Crystal Lens
Authors: Cui Chunhui , Bao Rui , Yu Shuda , Mai Huafu , Ye Mao
Published: July 2015

Polarizer‐free imaging (PFI) methods have been proposed to address the problem of polarizer dependency of liquid crystal (LC) lens. PFI can generate images with high contrast, but will also raise the image noise. This paper presents a denoising method specially designed for the images generated by PFI, namely PFI denoising. The Salient noises and image textures can be accurately detected. Different denoising filters are then applied to different image regions. Good performance of PFI denoising is demonstrated by experimental results.
I3.1: Invited Paper: The Importance of Focus Cues in Stereo 3D Displays
Authors: Banks Martin S.
Published: July 2015

Stereoscopic displays present different images to the two eyes and thereby create a compelling three‐dimensional (3D) sensation. They have proven useful for a wide range of applications including entertainment, medical diagnosis and treatment, prototyping, scientific visualization, and more. But stereoscopic displays are also subject to perceptual distortions, performance decrements, and visual discomfort. These problems occur because some of the presented depth cues (i.e., perspective and binocular disparity) specify the intended 3D scene while focus cues (blur and accommodation) specify the fixed distance of the display itself. In a series of experiments, we have investigated how focus cues affect 3D shape perception, visual performance, and, most importantly, visual comfort. I will offer guidelines for minimizing these adverse effects and discuss foreseeable display technologies that may eventually eliminate the adverse effects altogether.
37.1: Distinguished Paper: A Novel Blue Phase Liquid Crystal Display Applying Wall‐Electrode and High Driving Voltage Circuit
Authors: Tsai Cheng‐Yeh , Yu Fang‐Cheng , Lan Yi‐Fen , Huang Pu‐Jung , Lin Szu‐Yu , Chen Yi‐Ting , Tsao Tzu‐I , Hsieh Chia‐Ting , Tseng Bo‐Shiang , Kuo Chia‐Wei , Lin Ching‐Huan , Kuo Chien‐Chih , Chen Chung‐Hung , Hsieh Hsiang‐Yuan , Chuang Chin‐Tang , Sugiura Norio , Lin Chih‐Lung , Cheng Mao‐Hsun
Published: July 2015

A novel polymer‐stabilized blue phase liquid crystal display (PS‐BPLCD) using an optimized BPLC for new wall‐electrode cell structure and also new driving method has been developed. Those technologies enable BPLCDs to apply conventional source driver IC in AMLCD applications. This novel PS‐BPLCDs successfully achieved high‐performance LCDs with over 2 times higher optoelectronic properties and a superior reliability.
Shoyogan improves dietary intake in severely anorexic patients with malignant or non‐malignant disease
Authors: Ito Takashi , Kimura Yoko , Shimamura Shizuka , Yamamoto Shohaku , Aoyagi Haruhiko , Ozawa Tomoaki , Suda Norio
Published: July 2015

Aim

Shoyogan is a Kampo medicine originally introduced as early as the 2nd century AD in Jin Gui Yao Lue. Clinical evidence of its efficacy, however, is lacking. Here, we show that shoyogan improves dietary intake in severely anorexic patients with a wide range of malignant or non‐malignant diseases.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed effectiveness of this medicine in 79 severely anorexic patients (31 with malignant disease and 48 with non‐malignant disease) following oral shoyogan treatment, and analyzed the percentage of supplied food eaten by 16 anorexic inpatients according to medical records.

Results

In 28 severely anorexic patients with malignant disease, 18 (64%) had increased dietary intake following shoyogan treatment. In particular, 11 out of 14 patients (79%) with pulmonary cancer had increased dietary intake following treatment. Further, among 43 severely anorexic patients with non‐malignant disease, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and liver cirrhosis, 32 patients (74%) had increased dietary intake. In the initial 9 days of oral shoyogan treatment, the average dietary intake of 16 anorexic inpatients (7 with malignancy and 9 without) was significantly improved from 25% of the supplied amount before medication to 44% on the second day, and reached 55% on the eighth day.

Conclusions

Although the active component(s) of shoyogan have not been identified, this Kampo medicine may be useful in the care of aged and terminally ill patients.
Visual to Print Transfer
Authors: Buelow Stephanie
Published: July 2015

This article shares a literacy strategy to support students’ analysis of the theme of text and provide evidence to support their assertion. The strategy is called Visual to Print Transfer (VPT). The VPT strategy leverages students’ out‐of‐school literacy practices involving media images of Hollywood icons as a way to support their understanding of how the elements of text contribute to the underlying theme in visual images and in literature. Student work samples are provided to highlight the strategy in practice.
Biophysical and biochemical markers at 35–37 weeks' gestation in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome
Authors: Valiño N. , Giunta G. , Gallo D. M. , Akolekar R. , Nicolaides K. H.
Published: July 2015

Objective

To investigate the potential value of biophysical and biochemical markers at 35–37 weeks' gestation in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome.

Methods

This was a screening study in 3953 singleton pregnancies at 35–37 weeks' gestation. Estimated fetal weight (EFW), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI), umbilical artery (UA)‐PI, fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA)‐PI, mean arterial pressure (MAP), serum placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) were measured. The detection rate (DR) and false‐positive rate (FPR) of screening by each biomarker were estimated for pre‐eclampsia (PE), delivery of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonates, Cesarean section for fetal distress before or during labor, umbilical arterial cord blood pH ≤ 7.0 or umbilical venous cord blood pH ≤ 7.1, 5‐min Apgar score < 7 and admission to the neonatal unit (NNU).

Results

Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that significant prediction of PE was provided by PlGF, sFlt‐1 and MAP, with a DR of 73% at a 10% FPR. Prediction of SGA was provided by EFW, PlGF and UtA‐PI, with a DR of 63% at a 10% FPR. Prediction of Cesarean section for fetal distress before labor was provided by EFW and UA‐PI with DR of 100% at 10% FPR. Prediction of fetal distress in labor was provided by EFW and sFlt‐1, with a DR of 15% at a 10% FPR. There were no significant differences between those with a normal outcome and those with low cord blood pH, low Apgar score or NNU admission for any of the biomarkers assessed.

Conclusion

At 35–37 weeks' gestation biomarkers of impaired placentation and fetal hypoxemia provide good prediction of PE, SGA and fetal distress before labor, but poor or no prediction of adverse events in labor or after birth. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The effect of blending sequence on the structure and properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/chicken eggshell powder composites
Authors: Sharmeeni M. , Munusamy Y. , Ismail H.
Published: July 2015

The effect of the blending sequence of poly(vinyl chloride)/chicken eggshell powder (PVC/ESP) composites on the processing, mechanical properties, morphology, and thermal decomposition were investigated. The compounding of composites was done by using a Rheomix mixture internal mixer at 180°C and a rotor speed of 30 rpm for 10 min to allow the mixing torque to reach a steady state. The mechanical and morphological properties of PVC/ESP composites under different blending sequences have been characterized by a lightweight tensile tester and scanning electron microscopy. The thermal stability and thermal analysis of the composites were performed by thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analysis. Good interfacial adhesion between filler and matrix in composites prepared via blending sequence 2 has improved the tensile strength and thermal stability of the PVC/ESP composite compared with blending sequence 1 as proved from scanning electron microscopy results on the tensile fracture surface of the composites. Thermogravimetric analysis results show that blending sequence 2 exhibited higher thermal stability comparable with blending sequence 1. In addition, the differential scanning calorimetric analysis results illustrate that the composites prepared via blending sequence 2 exhibit higher melting and crystallization temperature values compared with composites prepared via blending sequence 1. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:298–304, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Testing of self‐similarity and helical symmetry in vortex generator flow simulations
Authors: Fernández‐Gámiz Unai , Marika Velte Clara , Réthoré Pierre‐Elouan , Sørensen Niels N. , Egusquiza Eduard
Published: July 2015

Vortex generators (VGs) are used increasingly by the wind turbine industry as flow control devices to improve rotor blade performance. According to experimental observations, the vortices generated by VGs have previously been observed to be self‐similar for both the axial (uz) and azimuthal (uθ) velocity components. Furthermore, the measured vortices have been observed to obey the criteria for helical symmetry. These are powerful results, as it reduces the highly complex 3‐D flow to merely four parameters and therefore significantly facilitates the modeling of this type of flow, which in a larger perspective can assist in parametric studies to increase the total power output of wind turbines. In this study, corresponding computer simulations using Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations have been carried out and compared with the experimental observations. The main objective is to investigate how well the simulations can reproduce these aspects of the physics of the flow, i.e., investigate if the same analytical model can be applied and therefore significantly facilitate the modeling of this type of flow, which in a larger perspective can assist in parametric studies to increase the total power output of wind turbines. This is especially interesting since these types of flows are notoriously difficult for the turbulence models to predict correctly. Using this model, parametric studies can be significantly reduced, and moreover, reliable simulations can substantially reduce the costs of the parametric studies themselves. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surfactant (in situ)–Surfactant (Synthetic) Interaction in Na2CO3/Surfactant/Acidic Oil Systems for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Its Contribution to Dynamic Interfacial Tension Behavior
Authors: Hadji Moundher , Al‐Rubkhi Adil , Al‐Maamari Rashid S. , Aoudia Mohamed
Published: July 2015

The effect of synthetic surfactant molecular structure on the dynamic interfacial tension (DIFT) behavior in Na2CO3/surfactant/crude oil was investigated. Three surfactants, a nonionic (iC17(EO)13), an alcohol propoxy sulfate (C14–15(PO)8SO4), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were considered in this study. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) was added to ensure complete compatibility between brine and Na2CO3. In Na2CO3/iC17(EO)13/oil and Na2CO3/C14–15(PO)8SO4/oil systems, a strong synergistic effect for lowering the dynamic interfacial tension was observed, in which the dynamic IFT are initially reduced to ultralow transient minima in the range 1.1 × 10−3–6.6 × 10−3 mNm−1 followed by an increment to a practically similar equilibrium value of 0.22 mNm−1 independent of Na2CO3 concentration (for iC17(EO)13) and to decreasing equilibrium values with increasing alkali concentrations (for C14–15(PO)8SO4). The observed difference in the equilibrium IFT for the two systems suggest that in both systems, the mixed interfacial film is efficient in reducing the dynamic interfacial tension to ultralow transient minima (∼10−3 mNm−1) but the mixed film soap‐iC17(EO)13 is much less efficient than the mixed film soap‐C14–15(PO)8SO4 in resisting soap diffusion from the interface to the bulk phases. In both systems, the synergism was attributed, in part, to the intermolecular and intramolecular ion–dipole interactions between the soap molecules and the synthetic surfactant as well as to some shielding effect of the electrostatic repulsion between the carboxylate groups by the nearby ethylene oxide (13 EO) and propylene oxide (8 PO) groups in the mixed interfacial monolayer. SDS surfactant showed a much lower synergism relative to iC17(EO)13 and C14–15(PO)8SO4, probably due to the absence of ion–dipole interactions and shielding effect in the mixed interfacial layer at the oil–water interface.
The utility of radiographs prior to pin removal after operative treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures in children
Authors: Schlechter John A. , Dempewolf Michael
Published: July 2015

Purpose

To determine the safety, utility, and efficacy of pin removal prior to radiographs during the postoperative care of surgically treated displaced pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures.

Methods

Retrospective review of 532 children with supracondylar humerus fractures treated with closed reduction and pinning from 2007 to 2012. Group 1: children who had their splint/cast removed and radiographs prior to pin removal. Group 2: children with radiographs taken after removal. Data recorded and analyzed included: demographic and radiographic data at the time of surgery and at final follow-up, including the number of radiographs taken prior to pin removal and if pins were ever retained after radiographs were performed on the date of intended removal.

Results

There was no difference between the groups’ demographics. The number of postoperative radiographs taken prior to pin removal ranged from zero to two. No statistically significant change in Baumann's ( p = 0.79) or lateral humeral capitellar angles ( p = 0.19) was noted between the groups. No children in group 1 (0/438) had their pins retained after radiographs were taken on the date of intended removal.

Conclusion

Obtaining postoperative radiographs prior to pin removal, although commonplace, is not necessary. If fracture stability is noted intraoperatively, and there is an uneventful postoperative course, it is safe and effective to discontinue immobilization and remove pins prior to X-ray. This is safely done without change in alignment or clinical sequelae. Doing so can aid in clinic flow, may decrease child anxiety, and limit multiple cast room visits.

Level of evidence

Level III therapeutic study.
Bachelard et la pulsation mathématique
Authors: Guitart René
Published: July 2015

Le mathématicien au travail sait faire un geste que l'on appelle la« pulsation mathématique», qui s'exprime en tennes de bougé créatif nécessaire dans les diagrammes de pensée et d'interprétation des écrits mathématiques. Dans cette perspective Je statut d'objet est définitivement en révision, sous condition du jeu des relations. Le but ici est de construire aujourd'hui cette pulsation à partir de ce que Bachelard proposait hier comme épistémologie, aussi bien de la mathématique que de la science dite physique mathématique. Les liens entre la pensée bachelardienne et les propositions plus récentes de Gilles Châtelet, Charles Alunni, ou René Guitart, sont mis en relief ainsi que ceux d'autres auteurs comme Jacques Lacan, Arthur Koestler, Alfred N. Whitehead, Charles S. Peirce. Nous proposons que le travail mathématique soit pensable comme du mouvement dans l'espace des diagrammes, du bougé pulsatif en icelui, et que cette manière de voir soit éminemment compatible avec la vue bacheJardienne suivant laquelle la forme intellectuelle précède l'objet empirique, lequel provient in fine, comme d'une concrétion de la pulsation de la pensée. Nous terminons donc sur un schème catégoricien de la pulsation.
Gaston bachelard ou la rêverie anagogique dans les enjeux du surrationnel
Authors: Castellana Mario
Published: July 2015

Les études récentes consacrées à la pensée épistémologique de Bachelard en France et en Italie mettent en évidence le caractère créatif et propulsif assigné aux mathématiques dans la construction du réel physique. Les travaux de Bachelard consacrés à la mécanique quantique dans les années '30, et en particulier à la physique théorique de Dirac, introduisent un concept particulier, celui de« rêverie anagogique » pour comprendre le caractère toujours plus abstrait et créateur de la mathématique dans la pensée des différents niveaux de la réalité physique. Sur les traces de ce que Federigo Enriques qualifiait de « poésie mathématique », Bachelard propose une véritable « nouménologie mathématique » qui fournit les bases épistémiques pour comprendre I '« efficacité rationnelle » des mathématiques et leur application au réel. Pour toutes ces raisons, Bachelard utilisera dans ces années-là un terme nouveau pour désigner son engagement rationaliste: le « surrationalisme » qui condense ce qu' Enriques appelait « la philosophie implicite » dans les sciences, soit la « pensée des sciences » où, à travers la fonction jouée par la « rêverie anagogique », les mathématiques mettent en acte les « enjeux » continus du rationnel comme tel.
Althusser/bachelard: une coupure et ses enjeux
Authors: Cavazzini Andrea
Published: July 2015

Louis Althusser s'est réclamé de Bachelard et de l'épistémologie historique française pour fonder sa propre entreprise de reconstruction du marxisme. Pourtant, la nature et le fonctionnement réels de ces emprunts sont loin d'être univoques. Le lien entre Bachelard et Althusser a été souvent réduit à une série de formules figées qui ont fini par cacher les usages de l'épistémologie chez Althusser et la pensée des sciences qu'ils impliquent.
Économètres, vos probabilités sont proches de leur fin. économistes, cherchez un nouveau monde
Authors: Brian Éric
Published: July 2015

L'article étudie diverses strates épistémiques de raisonnement stochastique à l'oeuvre dans l'économétrie actuelle et dans les méthodes économiques: (1) le niveau argumentatif; (2) le raisonnement fondé sur l'analogie avec les jeux de hasard; (3) les modèles basés sur le calcul analytique des probabilités, où le phénomène est tenu pour centré, son incertitude étant maîtrisée par un bruit blanc quant à sa fluctuation; (4) le calcul axiomatique. L'intrication de ces strates est observée. L'article appelle à un renforcement de la réflexion critique à ce sujet parmi les spécialistes. Il introduit ce faisant le concept d'artefact cognitif stochastique.
Tenancy and African American Marriage in the Postbellum South
Authors: Bloome Deirdre , Muller Christopher
Published: July 2015

The pervasiveness of tenancy in the postbellum South had countervailing effects on marriage between African Americans. Tenancy placed severe constraints on African American women’s ability to find independent agricultural work. Freedwomen confronted not only planters’ reluctance to contract directly with women but also whites’ refusal to sell land to African Americans. Marriage consequently became one of African American women’s few viable routes into the agricultural labor market. We find that the more counties relied on tenant farming, the more common was marriage among their youngest and oldest African American residents. However, many freedwomen resented their subordinate status within tenant marriages. Thus, we find that tenancy contributed to union dissolution as well as union formation among freedpeople. Microdata tracing individuals’ marital transitions are consistent with these county-level results.
Adolescent predictors of satisfaction with social support six years later: An Australian longitudinal study
Authors: Winefield Helen R. , Delfabbro Paul H. , Winefield Anthony H. , Plueckhahn Tania , Malvaso Catia G.
Published: July 2015

The importance of socially supportive relationships in assisting people to cope with stress and adverse events is well recognised, but the trajectories whereby individuals develop the capacity to attract those supports have been infrequently studied. Taking advantage of a substantial longitudinal data set, we aimed to explore the precursors during mid‐adolescence, of satisfaction with social supports in young adulthood. Both personality factors (extraversion, neuroticism) and adolescent experiences of high‐quality interpersonal relationships with parents and peers were hypothesised to predict subsequent satisfactory supports; we wished to compare the influence of these factors. Participants in a study of the school to work transition (N = 558) provided psychosocial information at 16–17 years of age and then again six years later at 23, using paper and online questionnaires and standardised measures. Personality and family climate variables both predicted adult social support, with family cohesiveness and neuroticism having the largest roles. The possible implications for mental health promotion are discussed.
Structure and intrinsic disorder of the proteins of theTrypanosoma brucei editosome
Authors: Czerwoniec Anna , Kasprzak Joanna M. , Bytner Patrycja , Dobrychłop Mateusz , Bujnicki Janusz M.
Published: July 2015

Mitochondrial pre‐mRNAs in trypanosomatids undergo RNA editing to be converted into translatable mRNAs. The reaction is characterized by the insertion and deletion of uridine residues and is catalyzed by a macromolecular protein complex called the editosome. Despite intensive research, structural information for the majority of editosome proteins is still missing and no high resolution structure for the editosome exists. Here we present a comprehensive structural bioinformatics analysis of all proteins of theTrypanosoma brucei editosome. We specifically focus on the interplay between intrinsic order and disorder. According to computational predictions, editosome proteins involved in the basal reaction steps of the processing cycle are mostly ordered. By contrast, thirty percent of the amino acid content of the editosome is intrinsically disordered, which includes most prominently proteins with OB‐fold domains. Based on the data we suggest a functional model, in which the structurally disordered domains of the complex are correlated with the RNA binding and RNA unfolding activity of theT. brucei editosome.
Comprehensive transcriptome and improved genome annotation of Bacillus licheniformis WX‐02
Authors: Guo Jing , Cheng Gang , Gou Xiang-Yong , Xing Feng , Li Sen , Han Yi-Chao , Wang Long , Song Jia-Ming , Shu Cheng-Cheng , Chen Shou-Wen , Chen Ling-Ling
Published: July 2015

The updated genome of Bacillus licheniformis WX‐02 comprises a circular chromosome of 4 286 821 base‐pairs containing 4512 protein‐coding genes. We applied strand‐specific RNA‐sequencing to explore the transcriptome profiles of B. licheniformis WX‐02 under normal and high‐salt conditions (NaCl 6%). We identified 2381 co‐expressed gene pairs constituting 871 operon structures. In addition, 1169 antisense transcripts and 90 small RNAs were detected. Systematic comparison of differentially expressed genes under different conditions revealed that genes involved in multiple functions were significantly repressed in long‐term high salt adaptation process. Genes related to promotion of glutamic acid synthesis were activated by 6% NaCl, potentially explaining the high yield of γ‐PGA under salt condition. This study will be useful for the optimization of crucial metabolic activities in this bacterium.
Transcription factor Nrf1 is negatively regulated by its O‐GlcNAcylation status
Authors: Chen Jiayu , Liu Xiping , Lü Fenglin , Liu Xinping , Ru Yi , Ren Yonggang , Yao Libo , Zhang Yiguo
Published: July 2015

O‐Linked N‐acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) was identified as an Nrf1‐interacting protein. Herein, we show that Nrf1 enables interaction with OGT and their co‐immunoprecipitates are O‐GlcNAcylated by the enzyme. The putative O‐GlcNAcylation negatively regulates Nrf1/TCF11 to reduce both its protein stability and transactivation activity of target gene expression. The turnover of Nrf1 is enhanced upon overexpression of OGT, which promotes ubiquitination of the CNC‐bZIP protein. Furthermore, the serine/theorine‐rich sequence of PEST2 degron within Nrf1 is identified to be involved in the protein O‐GlcNAcylation by OGT. Overall, Nrf1 is negatively regulated by its O‐GlcNAcylation status that depends on the glucose concentrations.
Bardet–Biedl syndrome: Is it only cilia dysfunction?
Authors: Novas Rossina , Cardenas-Rodriguez Magdalena , Irigoín Florencia , Badano Jose L.
Published: July 2015

Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetically heterogeneous, pleiotropic disorder, characterized by both congenital and late onset defects. From the analysis of the mutational burden in patients to the functional characterization of the BBS proteins, this syndrome has become a model for both understanding oligogenic patterns of inheritance and the biology of a particular cellular organelle: the primary cilium. Here we briefly review the genetics of BBS to then focus on the function of the BBS proteins, not only in the context of the cilium but also highlighting potential extra‐ciliary roles that could be relevant to the etiology of the disorder. Finally, we provide an overview of how the study of this rare syndrome has contributed to the understanding of cilia biology and how this knowledge has informed on the cellular basis of different clinical manifestations that characterize BBS and the ciliopathies.
Multivalent IDP assemblies: Unique properties of LC8‐associated, IDP duplex scaffolds
Authors: Clark Sarah A. , Jespersen Nathan , Woodward Clare , Barbar Elisar
Published: July 2015

A wide variety of subcellular complexes are composed of one or more intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that are multivalent, flexible, and characterized by dynamic binding of diverse partner proteins. These multivalent IDP assemblies, of broad functional diversity, are classified here into five categories distinguished by the number of IDP chains and the arrangement of partner proteins in the functional complex. Examples of each category are summarized in the context of the exceptional molecular and biological properties of IDPs. One type – IDP duplex scaffolds – is considered in detail. Its unique features include parallel alignment of two IDP chains, formation of new self‐associated domains, enhanced affinity for additional bivalent ligands, and ubiquitous binding of the hub protein LC8. For two IDP duplex scaffolds, dynein intermediate chain IC and nucleoporin Nup159, these duplex features, together with the inherent flexibility of IDPs, are central to their assembly and function. A new type of IDP–LC8 interaction, distributed binding of LC8 among multiple IDP recognition sites, is described for Nup159 assembly.
The pH sensibility of actin‐bundling LIM proteins is governed by the acidic properties of their C‐terminal domain
Authors: Moes Danièle , Hoffmann Céline , Dieterle Monika , Moreau Flora , Neumann Katrin , Papuga Jessica , Furtado Angela Tavares , Steinmetz André , Thomas Clément
Published: July 2015

Actin‐bundling Arabidopsis LIM proteins are subdivided into two subfamilies differing in their pH sensitivity. Widely‐expressed WLIMs are active under low and high physiologically‐relevant pH conditions, whereas pollen‐enriched PLIMs are inactivated by pH values above 6.8. By a domain swapping approach we identified the C‐terminal (Ct) domain of PLIMs as the domain responsible for pH responsiveness. Remarkably, this domain conferred pH sensitivity to LIM proteins, when provided “in trans” (i.e., as a single, independent, peptide), indicating that it operates through the interaction with another domain. An acidic 6xc‐Myc peptide functionally mimicked the Ct domain of PLIMs and efficiently inhibited LIM actin bundling activity under high pH conditions. Together, our data suggest a model where PLIMs are regulated by an intermolecular interaction between their acidic Ct domain and another, yet unidentified, domain.
Structural disorder and its role in proteasomal degradation
Authors: Aufderheide Antje , Unverdorben Pia , Baumeister Wolfgang , Förster Friedrich
Published: July 2015

The ubiquitin proteasome system is responsible for the controlled degradation of a vast number of intracellular proteins. It targets misfolded or otherwise aberrant proteins as well as proteins no longer needed at a given point in time. The 26S proteasome is a large macromolecular machine comprising 33 distinct subunits as well as a number of transiently associating cofactors. Being essentially a non‐specific protease, specificity is conferred by the ubiquitin system, which selects and marks substrates for degradation. Here, we review our current understanding of the structure and function of the 26S proteasome; in doing so we highlight the role of disordered protein regions. Disordered segments in substrates promote their degradation, whereas low complexity regions prevent their proteolysis. In the 26S proteasome itself a main role of disordered segments seems to be rendering the ubiquitin receptors mobile, possibly supporting recruitment of polyubiquitylated substrates. Thus, these structural features of substrates as well as of the 26S proteasome itself likely play important roles at different stages of the protein degradation process.
Hypoxia inducible factor 1α down regulates cell surface expression of α1,2‐fucosylated glycans in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Belo Ana I. , van Vliet Sandra J. , Maus Andreas , Laan Lisa C. , Nauta Tessa D. , Koolwijk Pieter , Tefsen Boris , van Die Irma
Published: July 2015

The α1,2‐fucosyltransferase activity in pancreatic tumors is much lower compared to normal pancreatic tissue. Here we show that hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1α is constitutively expressed in the pancreatic cancer cell lines Pa‐Tu‐8988S and Pa‐Tu‐8988T and suppresses the expression of the α1,2‐fucosyltransferase genes FUT1 and FUT2. Down regulation of HIF‐1α expression resulted in elevated FUT1 and FUT2 transcript levels and an increased expression of α1,2‐fucosylated glycan structures on the surface of these cells. In conclusion, our data are the first to identify HIF‐1α as a suppressor of FUT1/2 expression, thereby regulating α1,2‐fucosylation of cell‐surface glycans.
The effect of antibiotic exposure on eicosanoid generation from arachidonic acid and gene expression in a primitive chordate,Branchiostoma belcheri
Authors: Yuan Dongjuan , Pan Minming , Zou Qiuqiong , Chen Chengyong , Chen Shangwu , Xu Anlong
Published: July 2015

Chloramphenicol (Chl) is an effective antimicrobial agent widely used in veterinary medicine and commonly used in fish. Its use is restricted in the clinic because of adverse effects on the immune system and oxidative stress in mammals. However, the effects of Chl treatment on invertebrates remain unclear. Amphioxus, a basal chordate, is an ideal model to study the origin and evolution of the vertebrate immune system as it has a primary vertebrate‐like arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic system. Here, we combined transcriptomic and lipidomic approaches to investigate the immune system and observe the oxygenated metabolites of AA to address the antibiotic effects on amphioxus. Tissue necrosis of the gill slits occurred in the Chl‐treated amphioxus, but fewer epithelial cells were lost when treated with both Chl and ampicillin (Amp). The immune related pathways were dysregulated in both of the antibiotic treatment groups. The Chl alone treatment resulted in immunosuppression with down‐regulation of the innate immune genes. In contrast, the Chl + Amp treatment resulted in immunostimulation to some extent, as shown by KEGG clustering. Furthermore, Chl induced a 3‐fold reduction in the level of the eicosanoids, while the Chl + Amp treatment resulted in 1.7‐fold increase of eicosanoid level. Thus in amphioxus, Amp might relieve the effects of the Chl‐induced immune suppression and increase the level of eicosanoids from AA. Finally, the oxygenated metabolites from AA might be crucial to evaluate the effects of Chl treatment in animals.
The problem with workarounds is that they work: The persistence of resource shortages
Authors: Morrison Bradley
Published: July 2015

Industrious, well‐intentioned workers often improvisein situsolutions to workplace challenges foist on them by shortcomings of the systems in which they work. For example, resource shortages trigger workplace pressures that may stimulate front line coping mechanisms, often called workarounds. There has been surprisingly little attention to questions about why these resource shortages occur and even more insidiously why they persist despite the apparently clear adverse consequences. Motivated by field work at a manufacturing firm adopting lean manufacturing, this paper develops a system dynamics model to understand chronic resource shortages and calls attention to the nature of workarounds as both a solution to a front line problem and a mask of the underlying system weakness. The model illuminates how the actions of various groups (e.g., managers, production workers, and other shop floor workers) interact with each other and with the physical characteristics of the workplace to sustain problematic resource shortages.
Genotyping concordance in DNA extracted from formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) breast tumor and whole blood for pharmacogenetic analyses
Authors: Hertz Daniel L. , Kidwell Kelley M. , Thibert Jacklyn N. , Gersch Christina , Regan Meredith M. , Skaar Todd C. , Henry N. Lynn , Hayes Daniel F. , Van Poznak Catherine H. , Rae James M.
Published: July 2015

Background

Cancer pharmacogenetic studies use archival tumor samples as a DNA source when germline DNA is unavailable. Genotyping DNA from formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded tumors (FFPE‐T) may be inaccurate due to FFPE storage, genetic aberrations, and/or insufficient DNA extraction. Our objective was to assess the extent and source of genotyping inaccuracy from FFPE‐T DNA and demonstrate analytical validity of FFPE‐T genotyping of candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for pharmacogenetic analyses.

Methods

Cancer pharmacogenetics SNPs were genotyped by Sequenom MassARRAYs in DNA harvested from matched FFPE‐T, FFPE lymph node (FFPE‐LN), and whole blood leukocyte samples obtained from breast cancer patients. No‐ and discordant‐call rates were calculated for each tissue type and SNP. Analytical validity was defined as any SNP with <5% discordance between FFPE‐T and blood and <10% discordance plus no‐calls.

Results

Matched samples from 114 patients were genotyped for 247 SNPs. No‐call rate in FFPE‐T was greater than FFPE‐LN and blood (4.3% vs. 3.0% vs. 0.5%, p < 0.001). Discordant‐call rate between FFPE‐T and blood was very low, but greater than that between FFPE‐LN and blood (1.1% vs. 0.3%, p < 0.001). Samples with heterozygous genotypes were more likely to be no‐ or discordantly‐called in either tissue (p < 0.001). Analytical validity of FFPE‐T genotyping was demonstrated for 218 (88%) SNPs.

Conclusions

No‐ and discordant‐call rates were below concerning thresholds, confirming that most SNPs can be accurately genotyped from FFPE‐T on our Sequenom platform. FFPE‐T is a viable DNA source for prospective–retrospective pharmacogenetic analyses of clinical trial cohorts.