bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Counterfactual Assessment in the Design of Tax Reforms: Model Decomposition of Revenue and Redistribution Effects.
Authors:   Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, Badenes Nuria , Gambau Borja ,   Analistas Financieros Internacionales (Afi), RedEv and Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Labeaga José M. ,   Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we propose a methodology for the evaluation of tax reforms through the design of counterfactual scenarios using Euromod. For this purpose, we develop two theorical model decompositions to explain the differences in tax revenue collection and the redistributive impact. We provide empirical evidence by designing a tax reform in Spain based on the French personal income tax. The approach can explain the isolated causes of differences based on the contribution of the tax system design and the income distribution. This result could help determining whether policy recommendations should focus on pre-distribution or redistribution.
AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE ON THYROID DISORDER: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Parveen Tabassum , Itani Naresh , Pathak Divya , Sharma Reetu
Published: November 2023

Endocrine disorders are most common in India, of which thyroid disorders represent a major subset. Thyroid dysfunction is rising at an alarming rate in the Indian population. Hypothyroidism & hyperthyroidism constitute the maximum percentage of thyroid disease in India. The thyroid gland fails to produce enough thyroid hormone due to structural or functional impairment. The incidence of thyroid disorders is increasing daily, so there is a need to increase demand to treat thyroid disease by the Ayurvedic method, as they are entirely safe and natural. In this article, effort is made to review some Ayurvedic diets, such as medicines, yoga, and pranayama, towards the correction of tridosha and the function of the thyroid gland.
A CRITICAL APPRAISAL ON SUVARNA (GOLD) BHASMA
Authors: Joshi Pallavi , Vyas Prem Prakash , Singhal Harish Kumar
Published: November 2023

The Ayurveda system of medicine has appreciable antiquity, dating back to about 5000 years B.C. Materia Medica of Ayurveda contains resources in the form of drugs derived from plant, animal, metal, and mineral sources. Gold is found in the form of fine gold dust, red colloidal solution, Suvarnapatra, Suvarnabhasma, Suvarnaparpati, Kharaliya (triturated) formulations, and Sindoorkalpa. These are used in single or in combination form along with Ghrita and Madhu (honey) to enhance Medhya (intellect) and Rasayana (rejuvenation). Bhasmas are Ayurvedic metal-based preparations manufactured through various steps along with the use of certain herbs. Thus converting raw metal into its therapeutic active form known as Suvarna Bhasma. This Suvarna Bhasama is a traditional Ayurvedic medicine that contains nano and colloidal gold particles. In this review article, the author tries to gather all available information on gold that establishes its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-carcinogenic, anti-rheumatic and antioxidant properties through published research articles and experimental and clinical studies.
Impact of Mangrove Deforestation on Fiddler Crab Distribution and Soil Physico-chemistry at Eagle Island, Rivers State
Authors: Dick-Abbey Ibiene W. , Numbere Aroloye O. , Ohia Peace K.
Published: November 2023

Mangrove forest in the Niger Delta and its associated biotic and abiotic has been greatly impacted by several factors, some natural and others anthropogenic in nature.  Anthropogenic activities have negatively affected the organisms that inhabit the forest resulting in the decrease in size of population of fiddler crabs (Uca tangeri). To investigate the influence of anthropogenic activities on the mangrove habitat, burrow distribution and population of fiddler crabs and soil physico-chemistry were determined in forested and deforested sites. Burrows and number of crabs outside burrows were counted while samples of soil were retrieved and moved to the laboratory for the determination of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), total hydrocarbon content (THC) and Zinc (Zn) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The conclusions show a lack of significant difference in burrow distribution between forested and deforested areas (P>0.05). Contrastingly there is significance in the difference in crab population in forested and deforested sites. (P<0.05), which showed that there were more crabs in deforested areas than forested areas. There was also a significant difference in chemical and microbial population (P<0.05).  There was higher THC in deforested areas, which was probably impacted by the heavy-duty vehicles used to cut down the trees. The result implies that human activities of deforestation and pollution influence crab population and soil physicochemistry in mangrove forest.
A Comparative Study on the Exercises of "Linear Equation with One Unknown" in the Middle School Mathematics Textbooks between China and the United States Based on Core Literacy
Authors: Chen Zhiyu , Zhang Zhaobingxun , Ji Zeyang , Kang Qianqian , Jia Suijun
Published: November 2023

With the introduction of the "Chinese Compulsory Education Mathematics Curriculum Standard" in 2022, the state attaches more importance to the cultivation of students' core literacy in mathematics, As an important tool for cultivating students' abilities, textbook exercises play a crucial role in cultivating students' core literacy. In the context of globalization, as a major national project, education should also strengthen international exchange and cooperation, and learn from the advanced experience of other countries. As a fundamental concept in mathematics, equations have a wide range of applications in daily life, it plays an important role in disciplines such as physics, economics, engineering, and biology. The linear equation with one unknown is the simplest equation in mathematics, and students' learning of linear equation with one unknown can cultivate their logical thinking and problem-solving abilities, laying a foundation for future algebra learning. Based on this, we selects the exercises in the chapter "Linear Equation with one unknown" of the Virginia edition of the U.S. junior high school mathematics textbook and the three Chinese mathematics textbooks editions, Zhejiang Education edition (ZJE), People's Education Press edition (PEP), and Beijing Normal University edition (BNU), as the objects of study, the types and levels of mathematical core literacy in the four editions of textbook exercises were compared. Through the comparative study, it is found that different editions of the textbooks focus on different types of mathematical core literacy, the exercises in the four editions of the textbooks pay more attention to mathematical arithmetic literacy and less attention to mathematical modeling literacy; the distribution proportion of the levels of the mathematical core literacy embodied in the exercises of each edition of the textbooks is different, but each edition focuses on different levels, and the levels of the core literacy embodied in each edition of the textbooks are in the relatively basic stage.
The Use of the Organizational Identification to Enhance Psychological Empowerment among a Sample of Workers in the Saladin Education Directorate
Authors: Al-Jubouri Nisreen Abdullah Bdowey , Al-essaw Hadi M. Ahmed , Kamil Layth Abdulrazzaq
Published: November 2023

The research examines an issue of organizational behavior concerned with studying the extent to which employees belong to their organizations. To achieve the aims hypotheses, the study uses the descriptive analytical approach in presenting and discussing the data. To collect data required to solve the research problem, the questionnaire form was used, which was distributed to a sample of (131) workers in the Directorate of Education of Saladin and through the use of a set of statistical methods. The most important conclusion is finding strong correlation and a significant influence between organizational identification in its dimensions and psychological empowerment
High-Sensitivity vs Conventional Troponin Cutoffs for Risk Stratification in Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Bikdeli Behnood , Muriel Alfonso , Rodríguez Carmen , González Sara , Briceño Winnifer , Mehdipoor Ghazaleh , Piazza Gregory , Ballaz Aitor , Lippi Giuseppe , Yusen Roger D. , Otero Remedios , Jiménez David
Published: November 2023

Importance

High-sensitivity troponin tests can detect even milder cardiac troponin elevations in plasma, beyond the threshold of conventional troponin tests. Whether detection of low-grade cardiac troponin elevation is associated with outcomes of patients with hemodynamically stable pulmonary embolism (PE) and helps with risk stratification is unknown.

Objective

To determine the association between high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) compared with conventional cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and PE risk designations according to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2019 classification scheme and clinical outcomes in patients with hemodynamically stable PE.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This is a post hoc analysis of data from the prospective Prognostic Value of Computed Tomography (PROTECT) multicenter cohort study enrolling patients from 12 hospital emergency departments in Spain. In this analysis, cTnI and hs-cTnI were compared with respect to ESC risk designation, and the association between troponin values and a complicated course after PE diagnosis was evaluated. Of 848 patients enrolled in PROTECT, 834 (98.3%) had hsTnI and cTnI values available and were included in the present analysis. Data were analyzed from May to December 2022.

Exposures

Troponin blood testing with cTnI (threshold of >0.05 ng/mL) vs hs-cTnI (threshold of >0.029 ng/mL) assays at the time of PE diagnosis.

Main Outcomes

Complicated course, defined as hemodynamic collapse, recurrent PE, or all-cause death, within 30 days after PE.

Results

Of 834 patients (mean [SEM] age, 67.5 [0.6] years; 424 [50.8%] female), 139 (16.7%) had elevated cTnI and 264 (31.7%) elevated hs-TnI, respectively. During follow-up, 62 patients (7.4%; 95% CI, 5.7-9.4) had a complicated course. Analyzing troponin elevation as a binary variable, elevated cTnI (odds ratio [OR], 2.84; 95% CI, 1.62-4.98) but not hs-cTnI (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.65-1.93) was associated with increased odds of a complicated course. Of 125 patients who had elevated hs-cTnI but normal cTnI, none (0; 95% CI, 0.0-2.9) developed a complicated course. Using the 2019 ESC risk stratification scheme, hs-TnI classified fewer patients as low risk compared with cTnI. Among 78 patients designated as ESC low risk when using cTnI but not with hsTnI, none (0; 95% CI, 0.0-4.6) had a complicated course.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study of patients with hemodynamically stable PE, hs-cTnI identified modest elevations in cardiac troponin levels. However, the results did not provide additive clinical value compared with cTnI. These findings suggest that use of hs-cTnI may result in overestimation of the risk in patients with stable PE.
AATOD CEO on state of affairs of OTPs today
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2023

Mark Parrino, founder and President of the American Association for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence (AATOD), highlighted some of the reasons for the current outlook on opioid treatment programs (OTPs) – which for a few months or years, depending on your perspective, has not been great. The main reason is the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), which used to be a solid partner of AATOD and OTPs (see https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.30330), but which in recent years has had a change in leadership and advocacy. What ASAM wants now is for MOTAA to pass – a bill which would allow ASAM‐certified physicians to prescribe methadone for opioid use disorder (OUD) to their patients. Under current federal law and regulation, only federally certified OTPs can provide (prescribe and dispense) methadone, and they do a lot more than just provide the medication.
Magneto‐Mechano‐Electric Cascade Stimulation System Accelerates Wound Healing Constructed by Biodegradable Magnetoelectric Nanofibers
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhu Jianhua , Liu Hongmei , Fei Xiang , Zhu Meifang
Published: November 2023

Reconstructing the intricate biophysical microenvironment to provide multiple biologically beneficial stimulation is deemed a promising therapeutic strategy. However, developing multi‐biophysical stimuli with wireless integration and accurate management remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a novel design of a magneto‐mechano‐electric (MME) cascade stimulation system based on aligned magnetoelectric nanofibrous membranes (PLLA/CFO) is reported. Simply regulating the loading amount of CFO nanoparticles endows the PLLA/CFO membranes with excellent magnetism, enhanced crystallization, and resultant piezoelectric responsiveness, thus providing built‐in topographical guidance and nanoscale magnetic field as well as manageably remote stimulation. Specifically, assisted by an external magnetic field (EMF), the magnetic response in PLLA/CFO can be amplified to offer an apparent deformation, which then induces the output of mechanical and electrical cues. Benefiting from the slow degradability of PLLA and continuous EMF triggering, such a performance can be well modulated to match the practical wound healing process, demonstrated by the repair of a rat full‐thickness skin defect. More importantly, this work offers a new strategy to reconstruct the complex biophysical microenvironment in a wireless remote manner.
Global “Interface‐Space” Dual‐Modulation by Functional Supramolecules Organic Frameworks on Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fu Meng , Zhao Qiwen , Long Kecheng , Li Quanyu , Kuang Gui‐chao , Zhou Liangjun , Wei Weifeng , Ji Xiaobo , Chen Libao , Chen Yuejiao
Published: November 2023

The uneven zinc‐ion flux and interfacial contact between the anode and electrolyte trigger malignant dendrites and byproducts, significantly hindering the practical application of zinc‐metal batteries. Herein, a H‐bonded supramolecular organic framework (HSOF) is proposed to help regulate Zn2+ flux and stabilize interfacial chemistry. The self‐assembled supermolecule structures by in‐plane H‐bond networks firmly trap water molecules to assist Zn2+ de‐solvation and block interfacial corrosion. The abundant polar groups provide strong guidance for Zn2+ distribution, ensuring homogeneous, and rapid ion transport‐deposition kinetics. Meanwhile, the π–π stacked space‐layout structure affords preferred Zn(002) plane stacking for smooth and flat growth. Benefiting from these advantages, the HSOFs are employed on Zn surface for interfacial adjustment and on separator decoration for spatial manipulation, successfully realizing an overall “interface‐space” dual‐regulation effect. It delivers over 3000 h for the HSOF@Zn anode in symmetric cell and up to 5000 h for HSOF‐decorated separator in Zn||Zn symmetric cell, respectively. The HSOF@Zn||V2O5 full cell with the HSOF‐decorated separator demonstrates enhanced capacity retention of 92.7% after 2500 cycles at 5 A g−1. The full cell can be easily scaled up into a pouch cell, which still has a capacity retention rate of 94% after 1000 cycles.
Schottky Heterojunction Facilitates Osteosarcoma Ferroptosis and Enhances Bone Formation in a Switchable Mode
Authors: Lv Zhongyang , Wu Yizhang , Lin Jintao , Li Weitong , Weisbecker Hannah , Wang Peng , Song Xueru , Sun Wei , Sun Ziying , Xie Ya , Meng Jia , Dong Jian , An Xueying , Chen Jiaqi , Yang Shaoqiang , Yuan Tao , Jiang Hui , Sun Chang , Yang Xiaojiang , Qian Hong , Cai Hongling , Zhao Jianning , Bai Wubin , Shi Dongquan , Bao Nirong
Published: November 2023

Effective antitumor agents with concurrent osteogenic properties are essential for comprehensive osteosarcoma (OS) treatment. However, the current clinical therapeutic strategies of OS fail to completely eradicate tumors while simultaneously encouraging bone formation. To address this issue, a switchable strategy for dynamic OS ablation and static bone regeneration is developed by integrating piezoelectric BaTiO3 (BTO) with atomic‐thin Ti3C2 (TC) through a Schottky heterojunction, resulting in the formation of TC@BTO. Under sequential ultrasound and near‐infrared irradiation, the optimized carrier transport of TC@BTO, based on Schottky heterojunction, exhibits excellent characteristics of photothermal conversion and reactive oxygen species generation. This results in ferroptosis of tumor cells and eventual elimination of OS. Moreover, in the static state, the interfacial Schottky heterojunction facilitates the carriers’ directed transfer from the semiconductor to the metal. The Schottky heterojunction‐enhanced static electrical stimulation enhances the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells and repair of bone defects. Furthermore, RNA‐sequencing analysis reveals that static TC@BTO promotes bone regeneration by activating Wnt signaling pathway, and remarkably, pharmacological inhibition of Wnt signaling suppresses the TC@BTO‐induced osteogenesis. Overall, this work broadens the biomedical potential of Schottky heterojunction‐based therapies and provides a comprehensive strategy for overall OS ablation and bone regeneration.
Lab‐on‐a‐Fiber Wearable Multi‐Sensor for Monitoring Wound Healing
Authors: Giovannini Giorgia , Sharma Khushdeep , Boesel Luciano F. , Rossi René M.
Published: November 2023

Chronic wounds are regarded as a silent epidemic, affecting 1–2% of the population and representing 2–4% of healthcare expenses. The current methods used to assess the wound healing process are based on the visual evaluation of physical parameters. This work aims to design a wearable non‐invasive device capable of evaluating three parameters simultaneously: the pH and the levels of glucose and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) present in the wound exudate. The device is composed of three independent polymer optical fibers functionalized with fluorescent‐based sensing chemistries specific to the targeted analytes. Each fiber is characterized in terms of detection sensitivity and selectivity confirming their suitability for monitoring the targeted parameters in ranges relevant to the wound environment. The selectivity and robustness of the multi‐sensing device are confirmed with analyses using complex solutions with different pH levels (5, 6, and 7), different concentrations of glucose (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mm), and MMP (1.25, 2.5, and 5 µg mL−1). Given the simple set‐up, the affordability of the materials used and the possibility of detecting additional parameters relevant to wound healing, such multi‐sensing fiber‐based devices could pave the way for novel non‐invasive wearable tools enabling the assessment of wound healing from the molecular perspective.
Self‐Healing Hydrogel Bioelectronics
Authors: Li Zhikang , Lu Jijian , Ji Tian , Xue Yumeng , Zhao Libo , Zhao Kang , Jia Boqing , Wang Bin , Wang Jiaxiang , Zhang Shiming , Jiang Zhuangde
Published: November 2023

Hydrogels have emerged as powerful building blocks to develop various soft bioelectronics because of their tissue‐like mechanical properties, superior bio‐compatibility, the ability to conduct both electrons and ions, and multiple stimuli‐responsiveness. However, hydrogels are vulnerable to mechanical damage, which limits their usage in developing durable hydrogel‐based bioelectronics. Self‐healing hydrogels aim to endow bioelectronics with the property of repairing specific functions after mechanical failure, thus improving their durability, reliability, and longevity. This review discusses recent advances in self‐healing hydrogels, from the self‐healing mechanisms, material chemistry, and strategies for multiple properties improvement of hydrogel materials, to the design, fabrication, and applications of various hydrogel‐based bioelectronics, including wearable physical and biochemical sensors, supercapacitors, flexible display devices, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), implantable bioelectronics, etc. Furthermore, the persisting challenges hampering the development of self‐healing hydrogel bioelectronics and their prospects are proposed. This review is expected to expedite the research and applications of self‐healing hydrogels for various self‐healing bioelectronics.
Construction of 2D S‐Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst
Authors: Zhu Bicheng , Sun Jian , Zhao Yanyan , Zhang Liuyang , Yu Jiaguo
Published: November 2023

Semiconductor photocatalytic technology holds immense promise for converting sustainable solar energy into chemically storable energy, with significant applications in the realms of energy and the environment. However, the inherent issue of rapid recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes hinders the performance of single photocatalysts. To overcome this challenge, the construction of 2D S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts emerges as an effective strategy. The deliberate design of dimensionality ensures a substantial interfacial area; while, the S‐scheme charge transfer mechanism facilitates efficient charge separation and maximizes redox capabilities. This review commences with a fresh perspective on the charge transfer mechanism in S‐scheme heterojunctions, followed by a comprehensive exploration of preparation methods and characterization techniques. Subsequently, the recent advancements in 2D S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts are summarized. Notably, the mechanism behind activity enhancement is elucidated. Finally, the prospects for the development of 2D S‐scheme photocatalysts are presented.
Efficiency Boost in All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells: Insights from the Re‐Ordering Kinetics
Authors: Sun Xiaokang , Lv Jie , Wang Fei , Zhang Chenyang , Zhu Liangxiang , Zhang Guangye , Xu Tongle , Luo Zhenghui , Lin Haoran , Ouyang Xiaoping , Yang Chunming , Yang Chuluo , Li Gang , Hu Hanlin
Published: November 2023

Achieving high‐performance in all‐small‐molecule organic solar cells (ASM‐OSCs) significantly relies on precise nanoscale phase separation through domain size manipulation in the active layer. Nonetheless, for ASM‐OSC systems, forging a clear connection between the tuning of domain size and the intricacies of phase separation proves to be a formidable challenge. This study investigates the intricate interplay between domain size adjustment and the creation of optimal phase separation morphology, crucial for ASM‐OSCs’ performance. It is demonstrated that exceptional phase separation in ASM‐OSCs’ active layer is achieved by meticulously controlling the continuity and uniformity of domains via re‐packing process. A series of halogen‐substituted solvents (Fluorobenzene, Chlorobenzene, Bromobenzene, and Iodobenzene) is adopted to tune the re‐packing kinetics, the ASM‐OSCs treated with CB exhibited an impressive 16.2% power conversion efficiency (PCE). The PCE enhancement can be attributed to the gradual crystallization process, promoting a smoothly interconnected and uniformly distributed domain size. This, in turn, leads to a favorable phase separation morphology, enhanced charge transfer, extended carrier lifetime, and consequently, reduced recombination of free charges. The findings emphasize the pivotal role of re‐packing kinetics in achieving optimal phase separation in ASM‐OSCs, offering valuable insights for designing high‐performance ASM‐OSCs fabrication strategies.
Robust and Fast‐Ion Conducting Interphase Empowering SiOx Anode Toward High Energy Lithium–Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Rongxian , Du Xiaofan , Liu Tao , Zhuang Xiangchun , Guan Peng , Zhang Bingqian , Zhang Shenghang , Gao Chenhui , Xu Gaojie , Zhou Xinhong , Cui Guanglei
Published: November 2023

Silicon suboxides (SiOx) materials are highly desirable as anode for high energy Li‐ion batteries due to their much higher specific capacity than conventional graphite anode. However, the low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and inadequate capacity retention of SiOx anode arising from its immense volume variation during repeated lithiation/delithiation process greatly hinder its practical applications. To address these drawbacks of SiOx, by a simple calcination method, a robust and fast‐ion conducting interphase enriched of LiF, Li2C2O4, LiBO2, and Li2B4O7 is rationally pre‐constructed With the assistance of this pre‐constructed artificial protective layer, the formed solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer possesses high Young's modulus and fast Li+ conducting, and thus can accommodate the plastic deformation of SiOx anode, alleviate the parasitic reactions, and maintain the electrode integrity upon cycling. Thus, the modified SiOx (M‐SiOx) anode exhibits higher ICE, better capacity retention and superior rate capability. More encouragingly, full cells pairing the M‐SiOx anode with LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode show a high capacity retention of 80.6% for 200 cycles. This paper reveals the importance of pre‐constructing an artificial SEI layer and regulating interfacial chemistry in improving the performance of SiOx‐based anodes, which is a milestone work for boosting the large scale application of SiOx‐based anodes.
Dendritic sp Carbon‐Conjugated Benzothiadiazole‐Based Polymers with Synergistic Multi‐Active Groups for High‐Performance Lithium Organic Batteries
Authors: Cao Yingnan , Sun Yi , Guo Chaofei , Sun Weiwei , Wu Yang , Xu Yi , Liu Tiancun , Wang Yong
Published: November 2023

Green organic materials composed of C, H, O, and N elements are receiving more and more attention worldwide. However, the high solubility, poor electrical conductivity, and long activation time limit the development of organic materials in practice. Herein, two stable covalent organic materials with alkynyl linkage between benzene rings and benzothiadiazole groups with different amounts of fluorine atoms modification (defined as BOP‐0F and BOP‐2F), are designed for lithium‐ion batteries. Both BOP‐0F and BOP‐2F can achieve superior reversible capacities of ≈719.8 and 713.5 mAh g−1 over 100 cycles on account of the redox activity of alkynyl (two‐electron involved) and benzothiadiazole units (five‐electron involved) in these organic materials. While BOP‐2F electrodes exhibit much more stable cycling performance than BOP‐0F electrodes, especially without pronounced capacity ascending during initial cycling. It can be assigned to the synergy effect of alkynyl linkage and fluorine atom modification in BOP‐2F. The lithium storage and activation mechanism of alkynyl, benzothiadiazole, and fluorine groups have also been deeply probed by a series of material characterizations and theoretical simulations. This work could be noteworthy in providing novel tactics for the molecular design and investigation of high‐efficiency organic electrodes for energy storage.
Modelling and simulation of thermal runaway phenomenon in lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Alshammari Ali , Al‐Obaidi Mudhar A. , Staggs John
Published: November 2023

To improve the operational time of electronic devices and the driving spectra of electric cars, multiple investigation missions regarding batteries are focussed on refining the energy capacity of batteries. However, this pursuit of better performance introduces potential risks, such as fire incidents, due to the use of dynamic materials in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) to enhance their electrochemical performance. These fire incidents have resulted in financial losses and raised safety concerns. One common type of battery failure, called thermal runaway (TR), takes place when the rate of heat discharge from internal chain reactions accelerates the level of external cooling. This study aims to model and comprehensively analyse the phenomenon of TR in LIBs by investigating its underlying physics.

To conduct this research systematically, a mathematical framework of heat transfer from existing literature has been employed as a foundation to come up with a novel framework specifically for LIBs built on the ideas of Semenov's equation. The established model associates both thermal and mass balance aspects, with the consideration of response kinetics including other heat transfer modes (convective and radiation). Range–Kutta technique is used to unravel the model's equations instantaneously using MATLAB. Consequently, the impact of model factors on the thermal performance of LIBs has been evaluated. The outcomes of the study reveal that when an increase in activation temperature occurs, a decrease in peak temperature is followed whilst constant circumstances are ensured. This implies that more time is needed in order for the temperature to reach its maximum. Furthermore, the simulation demonstrated that any growth in the body capacity of the battery for absorbing heat during the reaction results in a higher maximum temperature. Heat convection is found to have a greater impact on the occurrence of TR in LIBs compared to heat radiation. For improved accuracy in calculating LIBs TR, an accurate kinetic model could be utilised in future research endeavours.
Analysis of PF6− Anion Intercalation/De‐Intercalation Mechanisms in Graphite Cathodes of Sodium Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cameán Ignacio , Lobato Belén , Cuesta Nuria , García Ana B.
Published: November 2023

A detailed study of the intercalation/de‐intercalation mechanisms of PF6− anions in a graphite cathode of sodium dual‐ion batteries is carried out by cyclic voltammetry. The influence of the continuous anion intercalation/de‐intercalation on the graphite structure is investigated by ex‐situ XRD after cycling. It was concluded that the intercalation/de‐intercalation occurs through a combination of diffusion‐controlled and pseudocapacitive mechanisms. Initially, the contribution of the diffusion‐controlled is significant, specifically at the highest voltage and at the lowest scan rates which agrees with the slow kinetic of this mechanism and its usual prevalence in carbon materials with a graphitic structure. However, the continuous anion intercalation/de‐intercalation causes some deterioration of the graphite structural order, even from the initial cycles, as it was demonstrated by the evolution of the crystalline parameters, interlayer spacing, d002, and crystallite size, Lc. This deterioration hinders the diffusion‐controlled anion intercalation/de‐intercalation and, as a consequence, the pseudocapacitive becomes the main mechanism along cycling. Therefore, since graphite is capable of intercalating PF6− anions at high voltages through a capacitive mechanism, with its consequent rapid kinetics, this carbon material is an excellent candidate for using as cathode in high power sodium dual‐ion batteries, in which, kinetically fast mechanisms are required.
Metal‐free click and bioorthogonal reactions of aggregation‐induced emission probes for lighting up living systems
Authors: Segawa Shinsuke , He Xuewen , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2023

In 2002, two transformative research paradigms emerged: ‘click chemistry’ and ‘aggregation‐induced emission (AIE),’ both leaving significant impacts on early 21st‐century academia. Click chemistry, which describes the straightforward and reliable reactions for linking two building blocks, has simplified complex molecular syntheses and functionalization, propelling advancements in polymer, material, and life science. In particular, nontoxic, metal‐free click reactions involving abiotic functional groups have matured into bioorthogonal reactions. These are organic ligations capable of selective and efficient operations even in congested living systems, therefore enabling in vitro to in vivo biomolecular labelling. Concurrently, AIE, a fluorogenic phenomenon of twisted π‐conjugated compounds upon aggregation, has offered profound insight into solid‐state photophysics and promoted the creation of aggregate materials. The inherent fluorogenicity and aggregate‐emission properties of AIE luminogens have found extensive application in biological imaging, characterized by their high‐contrast and photostable fluorescent signals. As such, the convergence of these two domains to yield efficient labelling with excellent fluorescence images is an anticipated progression in recent life science research. In this review, we intend to showcase the synergetic applications of AIE probes and metal‐free click or bioorthogonal reactions, highlighting both the achievements and the unexplored avenues in this promising field.
Using eDNA to survey amphibians: Methods, applications, and challenges
Authors: Sun Xiaoxuan , Guo Ningning , Gao Jianan , Xiao Nengwen
Published: November 2023

In recent years, environmental DNA (eDNA) has received attention from biologists due to its sensitivity, convenience, labor and material efficiency, and lack of damage to organisms. The extensive application of eDNA has opened avenues for the monitoring and biodiversity assessment of amphibians, which are frequently small and difficult to observe in the field, in areas such as biodiversity survey assessment and detection of specific, rare and threatened, or alien invasive species. However, the accuracy of eDNA can be influenced by factors such as ambient temperature, pH, and false positives or false negatives, which makes eDNA an adjunctive tool rather than a replacement for traditional surveys. This review provides a concise overview of the eDNA method and its workflow, summarizes the differences between applying eDNA for detecting amphibians and other organisms, reviews the research progress in eDNA technology for amphibian monitoring, identifies factors influencing detection efficiency, and discusses the challenges and prospects of eDNA. It aims to serve as a reference for future research on the application of eDNA in amphibian detection.
Upregulation of Pin1 contributes to alleviation of cognitive dysfunction in diabetic mice
Authors: Qiu Dan , Liu Tong , Qianping Wei
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the role of Pin1 in cognitive dysfunction in diabetic mice.

Methods

Using a streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mouse model, an adeno‐associated virus carrying the Pin1 gene was used to upregulate Pin1 expression in the hippocampus of diabetic mice. Animal behavior tests and molecular biology techniques were further used to explore the role of Pin1 in cognitive dysfunction in diabetic mice.

Results

Our study demonstrated that upregulation of Pin1 expression increased the phosphorylation of AKT and insulin receptor substrate 1 downstream signaling molecules of the IR‐IGF1R pathway, increased the phosphorylation of GSK‐3β, and concomitantly decreased the phosphorylation of Tau in the hippocampus of diabetic mice, thereby improving the ultrastructural pathology of the hippocampus and further alleviating diabetes‐related cognitive impairment.

Conclusion

Pin1 can improve cognitive dysfunction in diabetic mice.
Smoking status among cancer patients by medical specialty: A U.S. nationwide representative analysis
Authors: Nolazco José Ignacio , Tang Yuzhe , Alkhatib Khalid Y. , King Andrew J. , Mossanen Matthew , Chang Steven Lee
Published: November 2023

Background

Persistence in tobacco use among cancer survivors has been associated with a multitude of clinicodemographic factors. However, there is a paucity of understanding regarding the role the healthcare professional's specialty plays in tobacco cessation in tobacco‐related cancer survivors.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of data from cancer survivors with a smoking history using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) database to examine differences in the proportion of patients continuing tobacco use among patients with a diagnosis of cancer segregated by cancer site specialty over the 2016–2020 period. We accounted for complex survey design and used sampling weights to obtain a nationwide representative sample. We employed modified Poisson regression adjusting for age, gender, education, income, race, marital status, and medical specialty.

Results

We analyzed 19,855 cancer survivors with a current or past history of tobacco use, of whom 5222 (26,3%) self‐reported to be current smokers. Patients with urological and gynecological tobacco‐related malignancies had a higher relative risk (RR) of being current smokers with a RR of 1.30 (95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.51) and 1.25 (95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.39) respectively. Malignant Hematology had the lowest RR of smoking status among all other specialties RR 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.59–1.21).

Conclusions

Continuing smoking rates among tobacco‐related cancer survivors were different between specialties. One in four cancer survivors were current smokers; this emphasizes health professionals' paramount role in tobacco cessation counseling.
Gene dosage compensation: Origins, criteria to identify compensated genes, and mechanisms including sensor loops as an emerging systems‐level property in cancer
Authors: Bravo‐Estupiñan Diana M. , Aguilar‐Guerrero Karol , Quirós Steve , Acón Man‐Sai , Marín‐Müller Christian , Ibáñez‐Hernández Miguel , Mora‐Rodríguez Rodrigo A.
Published: November 2023

The gene dosage compensation hypothesis presents a mechanism through which the expression of certain genes is modulated to compensate for differences in the dose of genes when additional chromosomes are present. It is one of the means through which cancer cells actively cope with the potential damaging effects of aneuploidy, a hallmark of most cancers. Dosage compensation arises through several processes, including downregulation or overexpression of specific genes and the relocation of dosage‐sensitive genes. In cancer, a majority of compensated genes are generally thought to be regulated at the translational or post‐translational level, and include the basic components of a compensation loop, including sensors of gene dosage and modulators of gene expression. Post‐translational regulation is mostly undertaken by a general degradation or aggregation of remaining protein subunits of macromolecular complexes. An increasingly important role has also been observed for transcriptional level regulation. This article reviews the process of targeted gene dosage compensation in cancer and other biological conditions, along with the mechanisms by which cells regulate specific genes to restore cellular homeostasis. These mechanisms represent potential targets for the inhibition of dosage compensation of specific genes in aneuploid cancers. This article critically examines the process of targeted gene dosage compensation in cancer and other biological contexts, alongside the criteria for identifying genes subject to dosage compensation and the intricate mechanisms by which cells orchestrate the regulation of specific genes to reinstate cellular homeostasis. Ultimately, our aim is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the intricate nature of a systems‐level property. This property hinges upon the kinetic parameters of regulatory motifs, which we have termed “gene dosage sensor loops.” These loops have the potential to operate at both the transcriptional and translational levels, thus emerging as promising candidates for the inhibition of dosage compensation in specific genes. Additionally, they represent novel and highly specific therapeutic targets in the context of aneuploid cancer.
Comparing the impact of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and lenvatinib on the liver function in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: A mixed‐effects regression model approach
Authors: Hatanaka Takeshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Hiraoka Atsushi , Tada Toshifumi , Hirooka Masashi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tani Joji , Atsukawa Masanori , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Fukunishi Shinya , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Tajiri Kazuto , Ochi Hironori , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Ogawa Chikara , Yokohama Keisuke , Nishikawa Hiroki , Nishimura Takashi , Shimada Noritomo , Kawata Kazuhito , Kosaka Hisashi , Naganuma Atsushi , Yata Yutaka , Ohama Hideko , Kuroda Hidekatsu , Tanaka Kazunari , Tanaka Takaaki , Tada Fujimasa , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morishita Asahiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Imai Michitaka , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Kaibori Masaki , Iijima Hiroko , Hiasa Yoichi , Kudo Masatoshi , Kumada Takashi ,   the Real‐life Practice Experts for HCC (RELPEC) Study Group, and HCC 48 Group (hepatocellular carcinoma experts from 48 clinics in Japan)
Published: November 2023

Aim

This retrospective study compared the impact of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) and lenvatinib (LEN) on the liver function in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods

We included 526 patients who received Atez/Bev and 731 who received LEN March 2018 and July 2022 in this study. We conducted a 1:1 propensity‐score‐matched analysis and identified 324 patients in each group for inclusion in the present analysis. Nonlinear mixed‐effects regression models were employed, allowing for the evaluation and inclusion of cases where treatment was interrupted due to disease progression, adverse events, or loss to follow‐up. These models were used to compare the ALBI score between the Atez/Bev and LEN groups.

Results

Following propensity score matching, the mean ALBI scores in the Atez/Bev and LEN groups were −2.41 ± 0.40 and −2.44 ± 0.42 at baseline, and −2.17 ± 0.56 and −2.19 ± 0.58 at 12 weeks, respectively. Although the ALBI score significantly worsened during treatment in both groups (p < 0.001), there was no significant difference in the rate of ALBI score deterioration between the groups (p = 0.06). Subgroup analyses showed that LEN‐treated patients with BCLC advanced stage (p = 0.02) and those who initially received the full dose (p < 0.001) had a significantly greater worsening of ALBI score compared to Atez/Bev.

Conclusions

Using a nonlinear mixed‐effects regression approach, which allowed for the inclusion of cases with treatment interruption, we found no significant difference in the trend of liver function deterioration between the Atez/Bev and LEN groups. Caution should be exercised for LEN‐treated patients with BCLC advanced stage or those receiving the full dose of LEN.
New Dipterocarpol‐Based Molecules with α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory and Hypoglycemic Activity
Authors: Smirnova Irina E. , Galimova Zarema I. , Sapozhnikova Tatyana A. , Khisamutdinova Regina Yu. , Thi Thu Ha Nguyen , Kazakova Oxana B.
Published: November 2023

Dammarane triterpenoids are affordable and bioactive natural metabolites with great structural potential, which makes them attractive sources for drug development. The aim of the study was to investigate the potency of new dipterocarpol derivatives for the treatment of diabetes. Two dammaranes (dipterocarpol and its 20(24)‐diene derivative) were modified by a Claisen‐Schmidt aldol condensation to afford C2(E)‐arylidenes in good yields. The majority of the synthesized compounds exhibited an excellent‐to‐moderate inhibitory effect toward α‐glucosidase (from S. saccharomyces), among them eight compounds showed IC50 values less than 10 μM. 3‐Oxo‐dammarane‐2(E)‐benzylidenes (holding p‐hydroxy‐ 3 l and p‐carbonyl‐ 3 m substituents) demonstrated the most potent α‐glucosidase inhibition with IC50 0.753 and 0.204 μM, being 232‐ and 857‐times more active than acarbose (IC50 174.90 μM), and a high level of NO inhibition in Raw 264.7 cells with IC50 of 1.75 and 4.57 μM, respectively. An in vivo testing of compound 3 m (in a dose of 20 mg/kg) on a model of streptozotocin‐induced T1DM in rats showed a pronounced hypoglycemic activity, the ability to reduce effectively the processes of lipid peroxidation in liver tissue and decrease the excretion of glucose and pyruvic acid in the urine. Compound 3 m reduced the death of diabetic rats and preserved their motor activity.
Electrochemical N‐Aroylation of Sulfoximines by Using Benzoyl Hydrazines with H2 Generation
Authors: Alam Tipu , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: November 2023

Developed here is a robust electrochemical cross‐coupling reaction between aroyl hydrazine and NH‐sulfoximine via concomitant cleavage and formation of C(sp2)−N bonds with the evolution of H2 and N2 as innocuous by‐products. This sustainable protocol avoids the use of toxic reagents and occurs at room temperature. The reaction proceeds via the generation of an aroyl and a sulfoximidoyl radical via anodic oxidation under constant current electrolysis (CCE), affording N‐aroylated sulfoximine. The strategy is applied to late‐stage sulfoximidation of L‐menthol, (−)‐borneol, D‐glucose, vitamin‐E derivatives, and marketed drugs such as probenecid, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, ciprofibrate, and sulindac. In addition, the present methodology is mild, high functional group tolerance with broad substrate scope and scalable.
Exclusion of Women from Phase I Trials: Perspectives from Investigators and Research Oversight Officials
Authors: Waltz Margaret , Lyerly Anne Drapkin , Fisher Jill A.
Published: November 2023

Over the past 30 years, progress has been made in increasing women's representation in clinical research. However, women continue to be underrepresented in phase I clinical trials—those trials that test the safety and tolerability of investigational drugs, often on healthy individuals. As sex‐based differences in adverse drug reactions are often linked to drug dose, pivotal safety information in phase I trials is often insufficiently—and inequitably—captured for females. Yet there has been little attention to how clinical investigators and those charged with overseeing the ethical conduct of these trials perceive the barriers to women's inclusion in phase I trials. To address this gap, we report on 22 interviews with U.S. phase I investigators and institutional review board (IRB) members. Our findings indicate that although these investigators and IRB members acknowledged the importance of including women in clinical trials, they justified women's exclusion from phase I trials by citing the need to manage their reproductive potential. In particular, we identified four key themes that informants used to warrant women's exclusion from phase I trials: the structure of the drug‐development system itself, fears about risks to potential fetuses, distrust of women to prevent pregnancy, and concerns about risks and burdens to institutions from resulting pregnancies. We argue that these rationales reflect structural and cultural barriers to women's inclusion in clinical research that ultimately fail to respect female research participants as persons, highlighting the need for broad‐based solutions.
Homogeneity in terrestrial land cover is reflected in fish diversity patterns in a Chinese river system
Authors: Kirschner Dominik , Zhang Yan , Zhong Wenjun , Zhang Xiaowei , Pellissier Loïc , Altermatt Florian
Published: November 2023

In river systems worldwide, land cover changes have been identified as major drivers of biodiversity change. Quantifying how terrestrial land cover impacts riverine diversity requires local biodiversity assessments. In this study, we investigated the association of terrestrial land cover and the corresponding riverine fish species communities using eDNA‐metabarcoding in the Chinese Shaying River basin. This basin is home to about 37 million people and is largely dominated by a mix of intense agriculture and urban areas, creating a relatively homogeneous, intensely used landscape. We investigated whether the homogeneous landscape is mirrored in the composition and structure of fish communities in the river network. We sampled eDNA in spring and fall of 2018, amplified it with a primer designed for local fish species and used operational taxonomic units (OTU) assigned to fish as proxy for diversity. Furthermore, we used redundancy analysis, general linear models, and distance decay curves to assess the effects of land cover on fish communities. We found that the Shaying River showed relatively high basin‐wide richness (63 OTU) and seasonal differences in local richness, but limited community differentiation. Variations in alpha‐ and beta‐diversity, measured as local OTU richness and pairwise distance‐decay across the basin were low. Redundancy analysis showed only a weak association between observed aquatic communities and their terrestrial surroundings in a 10 km buffer upstream. The lack of community differentiation assessed by eDNA metabarcoding reflects the homogeneous and intense land‐use in this basin.