bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel numerical approach toward hybrid nanofluid flow subject to Lorentz force and homogenous/heterogeneous chemical reaction across coaxial cylinders
Authors: Janjua Khuram Hina , Bilal Muhammad , Riaz Muhammad Bilal , Saqib Abdul Baseer , Ismail Emad A. A. , Awwad Fuad A.
Published: July 2024

The combination of AA7075 and Ti6Al4V aluminum alloys provides an effective balance of endurance, corrosion resistance, and lightness. Some potential applications include aviation components, marine structures with anti-corrosion characteristics, surgical instruments, and athletic apparel. Therefore, the hybrid nanofluid (Hnf) consists of aluminum alloys (AA7075-Ti6Al4V), water (50%), and ethylene glycol (EG-50%) in the current analysis. The Hnf flow subject to heat radiation and Lorentz force is studied through coaxial cylinders. In addition, the flow has been observed under the impacts of homogeneous-heterogeneous (HH) chemical reaction and exponential heat source/sink. The modeled equations (continuity, momentum, HH, and heat equations) are renovated into the non-dimensional form through the similarity approach, which are further numerically computed by employing the ND-solve technique coupling with the shooting method. It can be noticed from the graphical results that the flow rate of Hnf drops with the rising effect of porosity and magnetic field parameters. The addition of AA7075-Ti6Al4V nanoparticles (NPs) also reduces the fluid temperature and velocity profile. Furthermore, the concentration distribution diminishes with the flourishing effect of HH parameters.
Dimensional crossover of microscopic magnetic metasurfaces for magnetic field amplification
Authors: Lejeune N. , Fourneau E. , Barrera A. , Morris O. , Leonard O. , Arregi J. A. , Navau C. , Uhlíř V. , Bending S. , Palau A. , Silhanek A. V.
Published: July 2024

Transformation optics applied to low frequency magnetic systems have been recently implemented to design magnetic field concentrators and cloaks with superior performance. Although this achievement has been amply demonstrated theoretically and experimentally in bulk 3D macrostructures, the performance of these devices at low dimensions remains an open question. In this work, we numerically investigate the non-monotonic evolution of the gain of a magnetic metamaterial field concentrator as the axial dimension is progressively shrunk. In particular, we show that in planar structures, the role played by the diamagnetic components becomes negligible, whereas the paramagnetic elements increase their magnetic field channeling efficiency. This is further demonstrated experimentally by tracking the gain of superconductor-ferromagnet concentrators through the superconducting transition. Interestingly, for thicknesses where the diamagnetic petals play an important role in the concentration gain, they also help to reduce the stray field of the concentrator, thus limiting the perturbation of the external field (invisibility). Our findings establish a roadmap and set clear geometrical limits for designing low dimensional magnetic field concentrators.
Quantum theory of orbital angular momentum in spatiotemporal optical vortices
Authors: Das Pronoy , Bharadwaj Sathwik , Jacob Zubin
Published: July 2024

Spatiotemporal Optical Vortices (STOVs) are structured electromagnetic fields propagating in free space with phase singularities in the space-time domain. Depending on the tilt of the helical phase front, STOVs can carry both longitudinal and transverse orbital angular momentum (OAM). Although STOVs have gained significant interest in the recent years, the current understanding is limited to the semi-classical picture. Here, we develop a quantum theory for STOVs with an arbitrary tilt, extending beyond the paraxial limit. We demonstrate that quantum STOV states, such as Fock and coherent twisted photon pulses, display non-vanishing longitudinal OAM fluctuations that are absent in conventional monochromatic twisted pulses. We show that these quantum fluctuations exhibit a unique texture, i.e. a spatial distribution which can be used to experimentally isolate these quantum effects. Our findings represent a step towards the exploitation of quantum effects of structured light for various applications such as OAM-based encoding protocols and platforms to explore novel light–matter interaction in 2D material systems.
Analysis and Evaluation of Earthquake Hazard Zones Based on Spatial Models for Regency Regional Development Bantul
Authors: Susri Nurhaci Dian , Setianto Agung , Wilopo Wahyu
Published: July 2024

Earthquakes are a natural disaster that occur frequently in Indonesia. A region susceptible to earthquakes is the Bantul district. Buildings and infrastructure could be damaged by this disaster, especially in highly populated metropolitan areas where the Bantul Regency earthquake (Mw 6.4) on May 27, 2006, resulted in significant damage.The purpose of this research is to identify the distribution of the region’s level of stability against the possibility of an earthquake occurring, as well as the degree of compatibility between the vulnerability zone and the Development Territory Unit (SWP) of Bantul district. This research uses data collection techniques by direct observation with microtremors to calculate surface peak ground acceleration (PGA) with a value of Vs.30. The regional stability weighting matrix approach is used in this study, which is governed by Minister of Public Works Regulation Number 21 of 2007 covering Guidelines for Spatial Planning in Volcanic Eruptions and Earthquake-Prone Areas. The research results for Bantul Regency have a distribution of Vs.30 values between 175 - 350 m/s which is included in the Soft Rock (SC) category with surface peak ground acceleration (PGA) values between 0.112 g - 0.418 g. The final score for Bantul Regency is 20 - 43 which falls into the stable and less stable categories. The Development Area Unit (SWP) of Bantul Regency SWP, which is in the unstable zone, is dominantly distributed around the Opak Fault. SWP II, III, IV, and V require mitigation measures when used for residential areas. Spatial planning that is in accordance with built-up and non-built zones will be able to reduce risk factors.
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Weight of Evidence Method in the Purwanegara District and Surrounding Areas, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Saniya Maharani Inas , Wilopo Wahyu , Hendrayana Heru
Published: July 2024

The research location is in the Purwanegara Subdistrict, Banjarnegara Regency, Province of Central Java. According to the Geological Agency of Indonesia, this location is a landslide-prone area, and many landslides occur yearly. Therefore, it needs a landslide susceptibility map is basic information for landslide mitigation in this area. The parameters used in this research are slope, lithology, distance from structural geology, distance from the river, land use, and rainfall. Using six parameters, the weight of evidence (WoE) method was used to develop a landslide susceptibility map. This research aims to make a zonation of landslide susceptibility in this area. The data were collected by field survey and visiting some related institutions. The landslide data used are 85 landslide events in the last three years. All data was then randomly divided into two groups: 70% as model data sets and 30% as validation data sets. The map of every parameter will be overlaid to create a landslide susceptibility zone. The Area Under Curve (AUC) method validated the final map. The result shows that landslide susceptibility zonation can be divided into four zones: very low susceptibility zone, low susceptibility zone, medium susceptibility zone, and high susceptibility zone. The very low susceptibility zone is mostly located in the north, the low susceptibility zone is mostly in the north and south, the moderate susceptibility zone is in the middle, and the high susceptibility zone is in the middle of the research’s location. The validation results of the success and prediction rates using the AUC method show an accuracy value of 0.86 and 0.82, respectively. According to the validation result, both can be classified as very good.
Mud Volcanoes and Adjacent Vegetation Adaptation in the Rembang Zone, Indonesia: An Approach for Mud Volcano Investigation
Authors: Sitinjak Eri S. , Harbowo D G.
Published: July 2024

The Rembang Zone is a physiographic zone located in the northern part of Java, Indonesia. Rembang zone includes the areas from Rembang to Tuban and reaches the island of Madura. Ten mud volcanoes were identified, each with varying levels of eruptive intensity. Locals have reported that newly erupted mud materials can disrupt soil fertility in the surrounding areas, leading to vegetation death. Interestingly, we discovered several types of vegetation at mud volcano sites that have adapted, survived, and supported vegetation succession in the surrounding areas. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the vegetation around mud volcanoes in the Rembang Zone and its mud characteristics. We employed Sankey diagram analysis to explore the adapted plant taxa at mud volcano sites in the Rembang Zone. Additionally, we assessed the substrate using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and conducted geochemical analyses on fluid and non-condensable gas using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of this study reveal that there are at least 10 potential mud volcano sites in the Rembang Zone that could be inhabited by vegetation from the Poaceae family (20%), Asteraceae (18%), Cyperaceae (15%), Fabaceae (13%), Euphorbiaceae (9%), and other plant families (2%). These plants tend to adapt to the mud volcano substrate composed of Fe (0.00-0.35 mg/L), Ca (2.9-0.16%), Na (0.02-23.7%), and Cl (13-74%). This demonstrates that vegetation around mud volcanoes in the Rembang Zone can adapt to high-salinity conditions. SEM observations revealed a high smectite content associated with limestone rock. The mud volcanoes frequently emit gases such as N2 (2.3-73%), CH4 (0-8.8%), and CO2 (17-95%), indicating a tendency to produce substrates with nearly water-boiling temperatures (45-105°C). These findings serve as a reference for further understanding the presence of vegetation around mud volcanoes, particularly for identifying the presence of other mud volcanoes through remote sensing.
Characteristics of Dioritic Intrusion at Kaligono Area, Kulon Progo Mountains, Indonesia: A Preliminary Study for Petrogenesis Implications
Authors: Dwi Astuti Nur , Dewi Titisari Anastasia , Idrus Arifudin
Published: July 2024

This study defines the characteristics of dioritic rock intrusion in the Kaligono area, Kulonprogo Mountains, Indonesia. Previous studies suggest the existence of porphyry deposit system in the mentioned area, hosted by the dioritic intrusion. According to the Geologic Map of Yogyakarta Quadrangle, age of the dioritic intrusion is the Miocene. Study of the intrusion characteristics is very important to gain a better understanding of the geological model associated with the deposit system. This preliminary study focused on determining petrogenesis of the dioritic intrusion. Methods carried out in this study were field data collection, petrographic analysis, and geochemical analysis using ICP-AES (Inductive Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry) and ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) analysis. Petrography analysis showed that igneous rocks in this research area consist of dioritic rock with phorphyritic texture and oscillatory zoning. Based on its geochemical composition, the rock samples can be classified as diorite and granodiorite and calc-alkaline suites. These rocks are enriched in LILEs (Rb, Ba, Sr, and K) and depleted in HFSEs (Nb, Ti, Zr). In addition, REE shows a slight enrichment of light-REE and depletion of HREE. These patterns of the trace elements including REE show a typical pattern of calc alkaline arc. Petrographic observation and geochemical variation indicate that the magma has undergone fractional crystallization.
Geology of the Kebasen Paleovolcano in Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Taruna S Y , Setijadji L D , Akmaluddin
Published: July 2024

The new interpretation on geology of Kebasen district in Central Java, Indonesia which is located in the middle parts of Sunda Arc indicates the existence of a paleovolcano. This conclusion is achieved through 1:25,000 geological mapping with a focus on volcanic facies, characterization of lithology types, mineralogy, and fossil analysis, to clarify its volcanic history and paleo-environment. Laboratory analysis works on representative rock samples are done using petrography and fossil identification on calcareous sedimentary members. Our research results conclude that Kebasen paleovolcano was a composite volcano with a diameter of about 8 km, elongated in NW-SE orientation, with Kebasen city located at the SW rim of the old volcanic edifice. The volcanic history and resulting volcanic rocks consisted of two contrasting volcanic stages. The first one was explosive caldera-forming eruptions that produced thick and partly welded pyroclastic rocks, dominated by pyroclastic breccia at the lower parts and finer tuff members at the upper parts. After caldera-forming eruptions, volcanic activity was followed by effusive eruptions of basaltic to andesitic lavas that covered the caldera floor. The lavas have abundant pillow structures indicating a submarine environment, intermediate to basaltic composition, and porphyritic texture, with plagioclase and pyroxene as the most abundant phenocryst minerals. Available rock geochemistry data demonstrate that lavas have mafic to intermediate compositions, with magma affinity at the transition of calc-alkaline to tholeiitic series. Results of geomorphological and lithology association analysis conclude that the research area was part of the central to distal facies of a paleovolcano complex, with the paleo depositional environment in the open marine environment. The results of fossil analysis on calcareous sedimentary rocks between volcanic layers indicate that the age of volcanism was Early Pliocene (N18) with the paleobathymetry transitioning from upper-middle bathyal to outer–middle neritic, which were parts of the continental margin. It is concluded that Kebasen paleovolcano is a newly identified submarine caldera-type Pliocene volcano within the middle parts of the Sunda Arc in Central Java, Indonesia.
Transgression patterns of Muara Enim Formation at Tanjung Agung Village based on stratigraphic data measurements
Authors: Dwi Mayasari Elisabet , Hendra Amijaya Donatus , Akmaluddin
Published: July 2024

Muara Enim Formation is one of the formations which is composed in the South Sumatra Basin in the Late Miocene Epoch. It has a specific lithology which shows how the conditions of the depositional environment were the formation was deposited. The purpose of this research is to determine the pattern of transgression and regression of Muara Enim Formation. Transgression and regression patterns are used to determine how the shoreline moves. It is caused by the supply of sediment material. The finer sediment material is deposited and the smoother the movement of the material towards the land, showing the indication of transgression, and vice versa. This research uses analytical-interpretative as the method, which is using the result of sampling analysis and then interpreting how the pattern of transgression and regression are changed. This method is used to determine the physical properties of the lithology composing the Muara Enim Formation. Based on field observations on the Air Enim River, it is known that the Muara Enim Formation is composed of lithology dominated by fine grain size (claystone) to medium grain size (tuffaceous sandstone) with thin coal in several locations. Based on field outcrop (surface data) it is known that the claystone lithology is thickened to a younger layer (about 2.5 m thickness) with massive sedimentary structure. It is interpreted that the Muara Enim Formation was deposited in a transgression pattern in a depositional phase which was influenced by sediment supply factors and weak depositional currents.
Microfacies and Paleomire Reconstruction of Coal in the Tanjung Formation, Barito Basin, Kandangan Area, South Kalimantan
Authors: Sinabang P V P , Anggara F , Amijaya D H , Rahmat S B
Published: July 2024

The occurrence of the Tanjung Formation as a coal-bearing formation that has thick coals and is laterally distributed along in Barito Basin causes it to be well-known as one of the biggest coal-producing basins in Indonesia. The genesis of Eocene coal formed in terrestrial depositional environment influenced by freshwater and marine transgression is the uniqueness of this coal and interesting to examine maceral’s characteristic and its microfacies, and the evolution of paleomire seam AGM-B3, AGM-B4, AGM-B5, and AGM-B6 in Kandangan area by organic petrography’s analysis and coal’s chemical analysis. The result of subbituminous coal’s petrography show vitrinite is the most abundant maceral ranging from 56,.6% - 80.36% vol, liptinite (15.27% - 39.45% vol), inertinite (0.55% - 15.18% vol), and mineral matter (0.18% - 4.36% vol) which is dominated by pyrite.

Based on maceral’s assemblages, coal’s microfacies divided into four groups are (1) telovitrinite-rich group, (2) detrovitrinite-rich group, (3) telovitrinite-liptinite-rich group, (4) inertinite-rich group. The basal section of seam AGM-B6 is characterized by detrovitrinite-rich group while seam AGM-B3, AGM-B4, and AGM-B5 are characterized by telovitrinite-liptinite-rich group. The middle section only represented the inertinite-rich group in seam AGM-B3, and the top section of the coal seams, except AGM-B6, is typically represented by the telovitrinite-rich group. The vertical profile of paleomire evolution shows a repetition of topogenous mire changing into ombrogenous mire and then back to topogenous mire. The paleomire type developed includes wet forest swamp, forested peatlands, and intermittently dry forested swamp and the environmental conditions are telmatic. The correlation between paleomire’s type and coal maceral’s abundance in the Kandangan area reflects that the type of vegetation from woody plants that underwent high degradation, moderate gelification, and intensive oxidation processes triggered by a short dry season.
Signal to Noise Ratio Improvement Using Stacking Method on Shallow Refraction Seismic Data
Authors: Wijatmoko Bambang , Alfaridzi Raihan , Hendarmawan  , Rosandi Yudi
Published: July 2024

The improvement of signal-to-noise ratio in refraction seismic survey data is intriguing, especially when a long source-sensor distance and low energy vibration source is in use. In this work, we analyzed the effectiveness of the stacking procedure to extract geophone response signals buried under the noise level. The straight forward strategy to improve the signal quality is by doing multiple acquisition on every offset location and performing stacking procedure on the recorded data. For such activities, the sensor offset location is classified as near-offset (4-26m), middle-offset (28-50m) and far-offset (52-72m). To increase the usefulness of the proposed method, we developed the algorithm using an opensource programming language, and presented it in a step-by-step manner. We presented the procedure accompanied by the pre- and post- processing algorithm, consisting of seismic signal filtering and cross-correlation procedure in order to allow a precise determination of the first break time of the propagated seismic wave. The results give an overview on how to develop a seismic signal processing routine, as well as the possibility to improve the range of the refraction seismic instrumentation systems. The stacking procedure has a high level of significance for the middle offset. For the near offset the stacking procedure is not necessary, whereas for the far offset the large number of data is more important.
In vitro osteogenesis of hMSCs on collagen membranes embedded within LEGO®-inspired 3D printed PCL constructs for mandibular bone repair
Authors: van der Heide Daphne , Hatt Luan Phelipe , Wirth Sylvie , Pirera Maria E , Armiento Angela R , Stoddart Martin J
Published: July 2024

The field of bone tissue engineering aims to develop an effective and aesthetical bone graft substitute capable of repairing large mandibular defects. However, graft failure resulting from necrosis and insufficient integration with native tissue due to lack of oxygen and nutrient transportation remains a concern. To overcome these drawbacks, this study aims to develop a 3D printed polycaprolactone layered construct with a LEGO®-inspired interlocking mechanism enabling spatial distribution of biological components. To highlight its in vitro osteogenic potential, human mesenchymal stromal cells are cultured onto Bio-Gide® Compressed collagen (Col) membranes, which are embedded within the layered construct for 28 d. The osteogenic response is assessed through the measurement of proliferation, relevant markers for osteogenesis including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, expression of transcriptional genes (SP7, RUNX2/SOX9) as well matrix-related genes (COL1A1, ALPL IBSP, SPP1), osteoprotegerin secretion. In vitro osteogenic differentiation results showed increased levels of these osteogenic markers, indicating the layered construct’s potential to support osteogenesis. In this study, a novel workflow of 3D printing a patient-specific LEGO®-inspired layered construct that can spatially deliver biological elements was successfully demonstrated. These layered constructs have the potential to be employed as a bone tissue engineering strategy, with particular focus on the repair of large mandibular defects.
Effect of heat treatment on microstructure of near-eutectic Al-Ni-Mn alloy, and determination of mechanical and thermoelectrical properties
Authors: Kaygısız Yusuf
Published: July 2024

This study examined the impact of solution heat treatment on the microstructure, mechanical characteristics, thermophysical properties, and electrical resistivity of an Al-Ni-Mn near-eutectic alloy. The investigation focused on varying temperatures and holding periods. The composition of the Al-Ni-Mn near-eutectic alloy system was chosen as Al-5.3%Ni-1.0%Mn (wt). In the non-heat-treated sample, the matrix phase (α-Al) is in equilibrium with the intermetallic Al9(Mn,Ni)2 and Al3Ni phases. The hardness value of the non-heat-treated sample (49.8 kg mm−2) increased to 70.1 kg mm−2 with 2 h of solution heat treatment at 570 °C and then 8 h of artificial aging at 180 °C. The hardness value increased by approximately 41%. TE: 651.81 °C for the non-heat-treated sample and TE:648.79 °C for the heat-treated sample. Fusion enthalpy (ΔH) value was determined as 336.79 (J g−1) for the non-heat-treated sample and 516.36 (J g−1) for the heat-treated sample. Heat Capacity (Cpl) value was found to be 0.364 J g−1.K for the non-heat-treated sample and 0.560 J g−1.K for the heat-treated sample. The electrical resistivity value of the 2 h’ solution heat-treated sample at 600 °C reached its highest value.
Key polynomials and preminimal pairs
Authors: Ershov Yu.
Published: July 2024

The paper pertains to the theory of valued fields and is devoted to describing extensions of valuations to the field of rational functions in one variable. An efficient tool here is the notion of a key polynomial introduced by S. Maclane in 1936. With the use of the notion of a preminimal pair introduced recently, a new description of key polynomials over Henselian fields is found.
Weighted means and an analytic characterization of discs
Authors: Kuznetsov N.
Published: July 2024

Weighted means are obtained for solutions of the two-dimensional Helmholtz and modified Helmholtz equations and also for harmonic functions. The presence of a logarithmic weight reduces the coefficient in the last two mean value identities. A new theorem characterizing disks in the Euclidean plane

R

2

\mathbb {R}^2

analytically is proved; it is based on the weighted mean value property of solutions to the modified Helmholtz equation.
On procongruence curve complexes and their automorphisms
Authors: Lochak P.
Published: July 2024

This paper launches the exploration of the procongruence completions for three varieties of curve complexes attached to hyperbolic surfaces, as well as their automorphisms groups. The discrete counterparts of these objects, especially the curve complex and the so-called pants complex were defined long ago and have been the subject of numerous studies. Introducing some form of completions is natural and indeed necessary to lay the ground for a topological version of the Grothendieck–Teichmüller theory. Here several results of foundational nature are stated and proved, among which reconstruction theorems in the discrete and complete settings, which give a graph theoretic characterization of versions of the curve complex as well as a rigidity theorem for the complete pants complex, in sharp contrast with the case of the (complete) curve complex, whose automorphisms actually define a version of the Grothendieck–Teichmüller group, to be studied elsewhere. We work all along with the procongruence completions — and for good reasons — recalling however that the so-called congruence conjecture predicts that this completion should coincide with the full profinite completion.
Norm inequalities with fractional integrals
Authors: Ushakova E. , Ushakova K. E.
Published: July 2024

Fractional spline wavelet systems are considered. Together with the Battle–Lemarié scaling and wavelet functions of natural orders, they are used to find conditions that ensure certain inequalities between the norms of images and pre-images of fractional integration operators in Besov spaces with Muckenhoupt weights on

R

\mathbb {R}

.
The Argument from Early Development (1)
Authors: Laurence Stephen , Margolis Eric
Published: July 2024

This chapter presents the first of our seven arguments for concept nativism—the argument from early development. Although this argument is often taken to be the quintessential argument for concept nativism, it is also frequently misunderstood. This chapter aims to clarify the logic of the argument and how it contributes to the overall case for our version of concept nativism. We do this by considering a selection of case studies, including the representation of faces and numerical quantity. This chapter focuses on how the argument from early development works in cases of representational abilities that are present at birth. While it may seem obvious that psychological traits that are present at birth should be taken to be innate, the link between being innate and being present at birth isn’t so simple. We explain why and how exactly the argument should be understood in light of these important complications.
The Argument from Universality
Authors: Laurence Stephen , Margolis Eric
Published: July 2024

This chapter presents the third of our seven arguments for concept nativism—the argument from universality. As in the previous chapters in Part IV, our discussion has a dual focus. It aims both to clarify the logic of the argument from universality and to use this argument to continue building the case for our version of concept nativism. The argument from universality has perhaps been the most central form of argument in the history of the rationalism-empiricism debate in philosophy. But it has also been widely misunderstood by empiricists from Locke to the present. This chapter addresses these misunderstandings by offering a fully developed account of how this argument works and by explaining exactly what type of support it can provide for concept nativism. The main case studies discussed focus on representations of geometrical properties, beliefs, death, and logical connectives (in particular, the concept or).
The Argument from Initial Representational Access
Authors: Laurence Stephen , Margolis Eric
Published: July 2024

This chapter presents the fourth of our seven arguments for concept nativism—the argument from initial representational access. Unlike the previous three arguments discussed in Chapters 8–11, this argument is relatively unknown. The central problem raised by the argument from initial representational access is to explain how a representational system that is restricted to a limited range of representational domains (e.g., to representing perceptual properties like shape, size, and colour) could break into a new foundational representational domain (e.g., come to represent time, or causality, or necessity). As in the previous chapters in Part II, our discussion has a dual focus. It aims both to clarify the logic of the argument from initial representational access and to continue building the case for our version of concept nativism. The main case studies discussed focus on representations of causation, belief, logic, modality, number, and time.
The Argument from Neural Wiring
Authors: Laurence Stephen , Margolis Eric
Published: July 2024

This chapter presents the fifth of our seven arguments for concept nativism—the argument from neural wiring. Considerations centred around the brain’s plasticity have been widely taken to argue for empiricist views of conceptual development and against rationalist views. The argument from neural wiring turns this traditional wisdom on its head, arguing that considerations centred around the brain’s plasticity can provide a powerful form of argument for concept nativism and against concept empiricism. As with the previous chapters in Part II, our discussion in this chapter has a dual focus. It aims both to clarify the logic of the argument from neural wiring and to use this argument to continue building the case for our version of concept nativism. The main case studies discussed focus on representations of space and motion, faces and individuals, living and non-living kinds, tools, action categories, and mental states.
The Argument from Cognitive and Behavioural Quirks
Authors: Laurence Stephen , Margolis Eric
Published: July 2024

This chapter presents the seventh of our seven arguments for concept nativism—the argument from cognitive and behavioural quirks. This argument is another relatively unknown argument for concept nativism. The quirky phenomena referred to by this argument are surprising or unexpected facts about people’s minds or behaviour that are especially puzzling if it is assumed that concept acquisition is a purely domain-general process. As in the previous chapters in Part II, our discussion has a dual focus. It aims both to clarify the logic of the argument from cognitive and behavioural quirks and to use this argument to continue building the case for our version of concept nativism. The main case studies discussed focus on representations of route selection, social categorization, and physical reasoning.
Methodological Empiricism
Authors: Laurence Stephen , Margolis Eric
Published: July 2024

In Part IV of the book we examine a representative sample of the most important and influential empiricist challenges and alternatives to concept nativism. In this chapter, we begin with the challenge stemming from what we call methodological empiricism. This widely held view contends that empiricist approaches should be considered the default position in the rationalism-empiricism debate about the origins of concepts and that rationalism should only be considered as a last resort if all possible empiricist alternatives have been ruled out. Our discussion of this challenge is centred around the origins of the concept of physical objects, but the morals of our discussion generalize. We show that there are no grounds for accepting methodological empiricism as a general position, and that consideration of the argument as applied to the case of the concept of physical objects only provides further support for concept nativism in this domain.
Neo-Associationism
Authors: Laurence Stephen , Margolis Eric
Published: July 2024

This chapter examines what may be the most important and influential form of empiricism: associationism. It distinguishes and examines two ways in which processes of association play an important role in contemporary empiricist theorizing. The first of these focuses on evidence that rationalists have cited in favour of concept nativism, arguing that such data are better explained by deflationary accounts in terms of learned associations involving low-level perceptual properties. The second offers positive proposals for the origins of concepts that are exhausted by domain-general associative processes. To evaluate these two forms of associationism, we provide an in-depth analysis of their prospects regarding a domain that constitutes an ideal test case: the domain of sociomoral cognition. We show that neither form of associationism works in this domain and explain why this means that associationism is unable to provide a plausible general alternative to concept nativism.
The Argument from Prepared Learning
Authors: Laurence Stephen , Margolis Eric
Published: July 2024

This chapter presents the sixth of our seven arguments for concept nativism—the argument from prepared learning. This argument was once a well-known argument for rationalist views of cognitive and conceptual development, but it has been neglected as a form of argument for rationalism in recent years. At the heart of the argument is the fact that learning often does not happen equally easily across different conceptual domains and that patterns in the relative ease or difficulty of learning across different conceptual domains can argue for the existence of rationalist learning mechanisms. As in the previous chapters in Part II, our discussion has a dual focus. It aims both to clarify the logic of the argument from prepared learning and to use this argument to continue building the case for our version of concept nativism. The main case studies discussed focus on representations of animals, danger, food, teleology, and emotion.
Urban Community Practice Realm
Authors: Delgado Melvin
Published: July 2024

Preserving an empty closed church for historical purposes is not always economically feasible. Thus, a fundamental decision will need to be made—tear the building down and erect a new structure, or keep the building and repurpose it for a new mission. If repurposing is the answer, will the new structure be considered a “respectful” and a “welcome” addition to be community, or will it have a purpose that is considered “disrespectful,” such as a bar or a music venue? Community practitioners can help communities in this deliberative process, looking to bring to fruition their desired goals for a former house of worship. This chapter provides a lens for understanding and responding to church repurposing. Community practice, however, will also be integrated throughout this book. Community practice must permeate our thinking and actions rather than being relegated to one time period or set of actions. Community practice is like the air we breathe—we cannot do without it! This worldview of practice emanates from a core belief system.
Poincaré and SimBio: a versatile and extensible Python ecosystem for modeling systems
Authors: Silberberg Mauro , Hermjakob Henning , Malik-Sheriff Rahuman S , Grecco Hernán E
Published: July 2024

Motivation

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) play a pivotal role in diverse fields such as systems biology, biochemistry, chemical engineering, and epidemiology. High-level definitions of CRNs enables to use various simulation approaches, including deterministic and stochastic methods, from the same model. However, existing Python tools for simulation of CRN typically wrap external C/C++ libraries for model definition, translation into equations and/or numerically solving them, limiting their extensibility and integration with the broader Python ecosystem.

Results

In response, we developed Poincaré and SimBio, two novel Python packages for simulation of dynamical systems and CRNs. Poincaré serves as a foundation for dynamical systems modeling, while SimBio extends this functionality to CRNs, including support for the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML). Poincaré and SimBio are developed as pure Python packages enabling users to easily extend their simulation capabilities by writing new or leveraging other Python packages. Moreover, this does not compromise the performance, as code can be just-in-time compiled with Numba. Our benchmark tests using curated models from the BioModels repository demonstrate that these tools may provide a potentially superior performance advantage compared to other existing tools. In addition, to ensure a user-friendly experience, our packages use standard typed modern Python syntax that provides a seamless integration with integrated development environments. Our Python-centric approach significantly enhances code analysis, error detection, and refactoring capabilities, positioning Poincaré and SimBio as valuable tools for the modeling community.

Availability and implementation

Poincaré and SimBio are released under the MIT license. Their source code is available on GitHub (https://github.com/maurosilber/poincare and https://github.com/hgrecco/simbio) and can be installed from PyPI or conda-forge.
RawHash2: mapping raw nanopore signals using hash-based seeding and adaptive quantization
Authors: Firtina Can , Soysal Melina , Lindegger Joël , Mutlu Onur
Published: July 2024

Raw nanopore signals can be analyzed while they are being generated, a process known as real-time analysis. Real-time analysis of raw signals is essential to utilize the unique features that nanopore sequencing provides, enabling the early stopping of the sequencing of a read or the entire sequencing run based on the analysis. The state-of-the-art mechanism, RawHash, offers the first hash-based efficient and accurate similarity identification between raw signals and a reference genome by quickly matching their hash values. In this work, we introduce RawHash2, which provides major improvements over RawHash, including more sensitive quantization and chaining algorithms, weighted mapping decisions, frequency filters to reduce ambiguous seed hits, minimizers for hash-based sketching, and support for the R10.4 flow cell version and POD5 and SLOW5 file formats. Compared to RawHash, RawHash2 provides better F1 accuracy (on average by 10.57% and up to 20.25%) and better throughput (on average by 4.0× and up to 9.9×) than RawHash.

Availability and implementation

RawHash2 is available at https://github.com/CMU-SAFARI/RawHash. We also provide the scripts to fully reproduce our results on our GitHub page.
GRIEVOUS: your command-line general for resolving cross-dataset genotype inconsistencies
Authors: Talwar James V , Klie Adam , Pagadala Meghana S , Carter Hannah
Published: July 2024

Harmonizing variant indexing and allele assignments across datasets is crucial for data integrity in cross-dataset studies such as multi-cohort genome-wide association studies, meta-analyses, and the development, validation, and application of polygenic risk scores. Ensuring this indexing and allele consistency is a laborious, time-consuming, and error-prone process requiring a certain degree of computational proficiency. Here, we introduce GRIEVOUS, a command-line tool for cross-dataset variant homogenization. By means of an internal database and a custom indexing methodology, GRIEVOUS identifies, formats, and aligns all biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across all summary statistic and genotype files of interest. Upon completion of dataset harmonization, GRIEVOUS can also be used to extract the maximal set of biallelic SNPs common to all datasets.

Availability and implementation

GRIEVOUS and all supporting documentation and tutorials can be found at https://github.com/jvtalwar/GRIEVOUS. It is freely and publicly available under the MIT license and can be installed via pip.
Determinants of invasive left atrial pressure in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Bonelli Andrea , Degiovanni Anna , Cersosimo Angelica , Spinoni Enrico Guido , Bosco Manuel , Dell’Era Gabriele , Moreo Antonella , De Chiara Benedetta Carla , Gigli Lorenzo , Salghetti Francesca , Arabia Gianmarco , Lombardi Carlo Mario , Brangi Elisa , Giannattasio Cristina , Patti Giuseppe , Curnis Antonio , Metra Marco , Inciardi Riccardo M
Published: July 2024

Aims

Estimation of left ventricular (LV) filling pressures in patients with a history of atrial fibrillation (AF) is challenging due to lack of reliable parameters. This study investigates the association between cardiac structure and function and invasive mean left atrial pressure (LAP).

Methods and results

This is a multi-centre prospective study enrolling patients undergoing transcatheter ablation for AF. The invasive measurement of LAP was performed at the time of the procedure while the echocardiography within the previous 24 h. A mean LAP ≥ 15 mmHg was considered as increased. Overall, 101 patients were included (mean age 65.8 ± 8.5 years, 68% male, mean LV ejection fraction 56.6 ± 8.0%). No significant differences regarding clinical characteristics were detected between the group of patients with normal (n = 47) or increased LAP (n = 54). The latter showed lower values of LV global longitudinal strain, larger left atrial volumes (LAVs) and worse right ventricular (RV) function. After multivariable adjustment, higher E/e′ ratio (P = 0.041) and minimal LAV index (LAVI min) (P = 0.031), lower peak atrial longitudinal strain (P = 0.030), and RV free wall longitudinal strain (P = 0.037), but not maximal LAV index (LAVI max) (P = 0.137), were significantly associated with mean LAP. The associations were not modified by cardiac rhythm. Overall, LAVI min showed the best diagnostic accuracy to predict elevated LAP (area under the curve 0.703).

Conclusion

LA structure and function assessment well correlates with mean LAP in patients with a history of AF. These measures may be used in the assessment of filling pressure in these patients.
Multiple recurrences of a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm: a case report
Authors: Umer Muhammad , Peters Matthew , Dholiya Hardeep , Sagheer Usman , Bhandari Sagar , Ghafghazi Shahab , Slaughter Mark S , Kalra Dinesh K
Published: July 2024

Background

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is being diagnosed more often with its increased recognition over the past 2 decades and with the availability of imaging such as point-of-care echocardiography and tissue characterization by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).

Case summary

A young man developed pericarditis and was treated with steroids. A few weeks later, he suffered classic TTS and then presented a week later with the rare complication of apical myocardial rupture and a left ventricular (LV) pseudoaneurysm. He subsequently sustained two recurrences, likely secondary to the poor tensile strength of the repair in the region of necrotic myocardium.

Discussion

Various features of both syndromes are discussed herein (myopericarditis and TTS) as well as their classic imaging findings with an emphasis on the echocardiographic diagnosis of an LV pseudoaneurysm and differentiating it from an aneurysm. Furthermore, we elucidate the classic imaging findings of CMR in myocarditis, myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries, and TTS. Lastly, we discuss treatment options for LV pseudoaneurysms and strategies to prevent recurrence.
Cardiac troponin T associates with left ventricular function and synchrony assessed by CMR in the general population: results from the Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 Study
Authors: Sulkowska Joanna , Melles Aikilu Woldegabriel , Skranes Julia Brox , Berge Trygve , Tveit Arnljot , Røsjø Helge , Lyngbakken Magnus Nakrem , Omland Torbjørn , Heck Siri Lagethon
Published: July 2024

Background and aim

Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) is a blood biomarker of myocardial injury that is associated with future adverse cardiovascular events in the general population. Left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) and mechanical dispersion (MD) are metrics of systolic function and synchrony that can be obtained from cardiac imaging. Studies suggest an association between cTnT and echocardiographically assessed GLS and MD, but it is unknown whether cTnT relates to these metrics when assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). We hypothesized that cTnT associates with GLS and with MD assessed by CMR feature tracking (CMR-FT) in the general population.

Methods and results

cTnT and CMR-FT measurements were performed in 186 community dwellers from the Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 Study. The participants’ age ranged from 68 to 70 years. Median cTnT concentration was 7.0 ng/L (interquartile interval 5.0–12.6 ng/L), median absolute value of GLS was 17.3% (interquartile interval 15.7–18.8%), and median MD was 80.7 milliseconds (interquartile interval 61.8–105.0 milliseconds). In multivariable linear regression models adjusted for common clinical risk factors of cardiovascular disease, with GLS and MD as outcome and cTnT as the predictor variable of interest, log10 transformed cTnT was significantly associated with both absolute GLS [β-coefficient −1.65, confidence interval (−2.84, −0.46)] and MD [β-coefficient 28.56, confidence interval (12.14, 44.92)].

Conclusion

In older adults from the general population, higher cTnT concentrations are associated with worse systolic function and synchrony assessed by CMR-FT LV GLS and MD, adding information about myocardial function to traditional risk factors.
Myocardial calcification: case reports and a systematic review
Authors: Kido Takashi , Tanimoto Kazuki , Watanabe Takuji , Taira Masaki , Narita Jun , Ishida Hidekazu , Ishii Ryo , Ueno Takayoshi , Miyagawa Shigeru
Published: July 2024

Aims

Myocardial calcification is an unusual condition in which excess calcium is deposited in the myocardium. Herein, we report two cases of myocardial calcification from our clinical experience. Furthermore, we conduct a systematic review to examine the clinical course and associated pathologies of myocardial calcification.

Methods and results

This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023463285). PubMed and Scopus were searched according to the following inclusion criteria: (i) case reports or case series describing patients with myocardial calcification; (ii) diagnosis of myocardial calcification by computed tomography (CT); (iii) adequate description of patients, including their chief complaint, medical history, evaluations, and treatments; and (iv) publication in English. Among the 75 patients, 24 had sepsis, 14 had myocarditis, and 37 had other pathologies. The mortality rate was 33% for patients with sepsis, 14% for patients with myocarditis, and 11% for patients with other pathologies. Follow-up CT findings beyond 2 years were reported in six patients, showing that the CT findings of myocardial calcification persisted but subsided over time. Autopsy was performed in seven patients, and extensive interstitial fibrosis and collection of inflammatory cells were observed in patients with myocarditis, sepsis, and ischaemic heart disease.

Conclusion

While various medical conditions can cause myocardial calcification, accompanying conditions commonly reported with myocardial calcification were sepsis and myocarditis. The CT findings of myocardial calcification tend to regress over time if the underlying disease can be treated.