bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different genotypes and species of symbiotic fungi mediate the behavioral response of invasive Sirex noctilio fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae)
Authors: Wang Ming , Gao ChengLong , Xu QinWang , Fu NingNing , Li JiaLe , Ren LiLi , Luo YouQing
Published: July 2024

In northeast China, the invasive woodwasp., Sirex noctilio, attacks Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv and often shares habitat with native Sirex nitobei. Previous research showed that S. noctilio can utilize the volatiles from its symbiotic fungus (A. areolatum IGS-BD) to locate host trees. Consequently, symbiotic fungi (A. areolatum IGS-D and A. chailletii) carried by S. nitobei may influence the behavioral selection of S. noctilio. This study aimed to investigate the impact of fungal odor sources on S. noctilio’s behavior in laboratory and field experiments. Our observations revealed that female woodwasps exhibited greater attraction toward the fungal volatiles of 14-day-old Amylostereum IGS-D in a “Y”-tube olfactometer and wind tunnel. When woodwasps were released into bolts inoculated separately with three strains in the field, females of S. noctilio exhibited a preference for those bolts pre-inoculated with A. areolatum IGS-BD. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed that the volatiles emitted by the two genotypes of A. areolatum were similar yet significantly distinct from those of Ampelopsis chailletii. Hence, we postulate that the existence of native A. areolatum IGS-D could potentially facilitate the colonization of S. noctilio in scenarios with minimal or no A. areolatum IGS-BD present in the host.
An outbreak of Providencia rettgeri bacteremia at a Ptyas mucosus farm in Hainan, China
Authors: Fan Lixia , Pan Jiwen , Zeng Jifeng , Guo Guiying , Yang Nou , Li Xuesong , Nafees Ur Rehman Muhammad , Zheng Jiping
Published: July 2024

Aim

To describe the histopathology and etiology of an outbreak of respiratory disease at a Ptyas mucosus farm in Hainan, China.

Methods and results

The etiology was confirmed by gross examination and microscopic analysis. The bacterial isolates from blood and internal organs were identified by biochemical analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The virulence and antibiotic resistance characteristics of the isolates were further demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), disk diffusion testing, and LD50 analysis in Kunming mice. Histopathological analysis of the diseased P. mucosus revealed systemic lesions, including severe airway obstruction with large numbers of inflammatory cells and cellulose exudates in the lungs; severe multifocal hepatocyte vacuolar degeneration and necrosis in the liver with excessive inflammatory exudates and chronic granuloma; splenic hemorrhage and partial loss of splenic structure; and renal vascular and interstitial congestion. Providencia rettgeri was isolated from the blood and multiple internal organs (liver, spleen, kidneys, and lungs). All examined isolates (H1, H4, and H13) were multidrug-resistant but sensitive to four antibiotics—cefepime, imipenem, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. Both H1 and H4 carried five resistance genes [blaOXA, tet(A), tet(B), tet(E), and aac (3)-IIa], whereas H13 only carried the tet(A) gene. The dominant virulence pattern of the three isolates was hlyA + ZapA + luxS + rsbA. The virulence of H1 strain was tested, and its 50% lethal dose (LD50) in mice was 2.29 × 108 CFU ml−1.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe an outbreak of bacteremia caused by P. rettgeri in farmed rat snakes.

Significance and impact of the study

The results highlight that P. rettgeri is an emerging bacterial pathogen in farmed reptiles.
Bibliometric analysis on CRISPR/Cas: a potential Sherlock Holmes for disease detection
Authors: Kumar Sachan Rohan Samir , Choudhary Adarsh , Devgon Inderpal , Karnwal Arun , Al-Tawaha Abdel Rahman Mohammad Said , Malik Tabarak
Published: July 2024

CRISPR has revolutionized illness detection by using precision gene editing to identify specific sequences in recent years. Using the Scopus database, this study performs a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, looking at academic papers on CRISPR that were published between 1992 and 2023. After screening a dataset of 1407 articles using Zotero, trends in annual publishing, citation patterns, author affiliations, and keyword co-occurrence are revealed using analysis tools such as VOSviewer, RStudio, and MS Excel. According to the report, there was only one CRISPR publication in 1992. By 2017, there were a meager 64 papers. Nonetheless, there is a notable upsurge between 2018 and 2023. Leading nations involved in CRISPR-based illness detection research include Germany, the United States, China, India, and the United Kingdom. Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University Medical University, and Chongqing University Bioengineering College are a few of the top institutions. With the greatest publication numbers (1688 and 1616) and strong total link strengths (TLS) of 42 and 77, respectively, authors Liu, C., and Li, Y., stand out. The field with the greatest citation counts as of 2023 is Broughton’s 2020 study on CRISPR-based SARS-CoV-2 detection in Nature Biotechnology, with 1598 citations. Biosensors and Bioelectronics comprise 14.99% of papers. Researchers, decision-makers, and interested parties can use this thorough summary to help them make well-informed decisions about future CRISPR-based disease detection studies.
The impact of education and occupation on cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Zhong Tangsheng , Li Shiyuan , Liu Peiqi , Wang Yonghong , Chen Li
Published: July 2024

Background and objectives

Education, occupation, and cognitive activity are key indicators of cognitive reserve and are thought to influence cognitive impairment. However, the individual and combined impacts of these factors are not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the roles of education and occupation in cognitive impairment while controlling for brain reserve and cognitive activity.

Methods

This cross-sectional study involved 369 participants aged 50 years or older from urban outpatient clinics in Jilin Province, China. Cognitive impairment was assessed using neuropsychological scales and brain imaging. Cognitive activity was evaluated with the Cognitive Reserve Scale (CRS). Covariance analysis and logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations, adjusting for age, sex, education, and occupation.

Results

Higher education was significantly associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment (p < 0.001), regardless of occupation. In contrast, occupational complexity and cognitive activity did not show a significant relationship with cognitive impairment (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Education, rather than occupation or cognitive activities, is a significant predictor of cognitive impairment, highlighting the importance of educational attainment in cognitive health.
Gender medicine and sleep disorders: from basic science to clinical research
Authors: Perger Elisa , Silvestri Rosalia , Bonanni Enrica , Di Perri Maria Caterina , Fernandes Mariana , Provini Federica , Zoccoli Giovanna , Lombardi Carolina
Published: July 2024

Several pivotal differences in sleep and sleep disorders are recognized between women and men. This is not only due to changes in hormonal balance during women's reproductive life, such as in pregnancy and menopause. Women are more likely to report insomnia and non-specific symptoms of apneas, such as fatigue or mood disturbance, compared to men. Thus, it is important for clinicians and researchers to take sex and gender differences into account when addressing sleep disorders in order to acknowledge the biology unique to women. We present a narrative review that delves into the primary sleep disorders, starting from basic science, to explore the impact of gender differences on sleep and the current status of research on women's sleep health.
Radiogenomics nomogram based on MRI and microRNAs to predict microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hu Guangchao , Qu Jianyi , Gao Jie , Chen Yuqian , Wang Fang , Zhang Haicheng , Zhang Han , Wang Xuefeng , Ma Heng , Xie Haizhu , Xu Cong , Li Naixuan , Zhang Qianqian
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to develop and validate a radiogenomics nomogram for predicting microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on the basis of MRI and microRNAs (miRNAs).

Materials and methods

This cohort study included 168 patients (training cohort: n = 116; validation cohort: n = 52) with pathologically confirmed HCC, who underwent preoperative MRI and plasma miRNA examination. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify independent risk factors associated with MVI. These risk factors were used to produce a nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1-score. Decision curve analysis was performed to determine whether the nomogram was clinically useful.

Results

The independent risk factors for MVI were maximum tumor length, rad-score, and miRNA-21 (all P < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1-score of the nomogram in the validation cohort were 0.970, 0.722, 0.884, and 0.916, respectively. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.900 (95% CI: 0.808–0.992) in the validation cohort, higher than that of any other single factor model (maximum tumor length, rad-score, and miRNA-21).

Conclusion

The radiogenomics nomogram shows satisfactory predictive performance in predicting MVI in HCC and provides a feasible and practical reference for tumor treatment decisions.
Successful use of remimazolam combined with remifentanil for painless gastroscopy in a patient with morbid obesity: a case report
Authors: Feng Hai-Shan , Xie Meng-Ran , Meng Yu , Pei Huan-Shuang , Yu Jia-Jia
Published: July 2024

Backgroud

In recent years, as the number of people with obesity has surged, the number of morbidly obese patients has also grown. The pathophysiological changes in morbid obesity can lead to combined lung diseases, which may result in hypoventilation, hypoxemia, acute upper airway obstruction, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and sleep apnea syndrome, posing serious challenges to anesthesia management. Here, we describe a case of the administration of remimazolam combined with remifentanil in a patient with morbid obesity undergoing gastroscopy. This has rarely been reported in clinical practice, and we present our management experience here with the aim of providing a reference for clinical work.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 32-year-old male hypertensive patient with a height of 180 cm, weight of 145 kg, and body mass index of 44.8 kg/m2. The patient’s main complaint was intermittent hunger pain for more than 1 year, and duodenal polyps were found. Considering the patient’s morbid obesity and the combination of sleep apnea syndrome and hypertension, we administered remimazolam along with remifentanil to ensure perioperative safety.

Conclusion

The procedure lasted 30 min, and the anesthesia was satisfactory with no complications. Remimazolam combined with remifentanil intravenous anesthesia is safe for short gastroscopy in patients with morbidly obesity. The administration of a small dose of split-titration delivery facilitates the maintenance of stable vital signs.
Predicting Ki-67 expression levels in breast cancer using radiomics-based approaches on digital breast tomosynthesis and ultrasound
Authors: Liu Jie , Yan Caiying , Liu Chenlu , Wang Yanxiao , Chen Qian , Chen Ying , Guo Jianfeng , Chen Shuangqing
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To construct and validate radiomics models that utilize ultrasound (US) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) images independently and in combination to non-invasively predict the Ki-67 status in breast cancer.

Materials and methods

149 breast cancer women who underwent DBT and US scans were retrospectively enrolled from June 2018 to August 2023 in total. Radiomics features were acquired from both the DBT and US images, then selected and reduced in dimensionality using several screening approaches. Establish radiomics models based on DBT, and US separately and combined. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity were utilized to validate the predictive ability of the models. The decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical applicability of the models. The output of the classifier with the best AUC performance was converted into Rad-score and was regarded as Rad-Score model. A nomogram was constructed using the logistic regression method, integrating the Rad-Score and clinical factors. The model’s stability was assessed through AUC, calibration curves, and DCA.

Results

Support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), and random forest (RF) were trained to establish radiomics models with the selected features, with SVM showing optimal results. The AUC values for three models (US_SVM, DBT_SVM, and merge_SVM) were 0.668, 0.704, and 0.800 respectively. The DeLong test indicated a notable disparity in the area under the curve (AUC) between merge_SVM and US_SVM (p = 0.048), while there was no substantial variability between merge_SVM and DBT_SVM (p = 0.149). The DCA curve indicates that merge_SVM is superior to unimodal models in predicting high Ki-67 level, showing more clinical values. The nomogram integrating Rad-Score with tumor size obtained the better performance in test set (AUC: 0.818) and had more clinical net.

Conclusion

The fusion radiomics model performed better in predicting the Ki-67 expression level of breast carcinoma, but the gain effect is limited; thus, DBT is preferred as a preoperative diagnosis mode when resources are limited. Nomogram offers predictive advantages over other methods and can be a valuable tool for predicting Ki-67 levels in BC.
Prognostic nomogram based on the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio for patients with compensated cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma after local ablation
Authors: Qiao Wenying , Li Jiashuo , Wang Peiyi , Zhang Yuanyuan , Jin Ronghua , Li Jianjun
Published: July 2024

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with compensated cirrhosis typically face a high prevalence and unfavorable prognosis. However, there is currently a deficiency in prediction models to anticipate the prognosis of these patients. Therefore, our study included the Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio (GPR) in analysis and aimed to develop a nomogram for HCC patients with compensated cirrhosis after local ablation.

Methods

Enrolling 669 patients who underwent local ablation at Beijing You’an Hospital during the period from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2022, this study focused on individuals with compensated cirrhotic HCC. In a ratio of 7:3, patients were allocated to the training cohort (n=468) and the validation cohort (n=201). Lasso-Cox regression was employed to identify independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). Subsequently, a nomogram was constructed using these factors and was validated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

GPR, age, and hemoglobin were identified by Lasso-Cox regression as independent prognostic factors of the nomogram. The area under the ROC curves (AUCs) for 3-, 5-, and 8-year OS (0.701, 0.755, and 0.768 for the training cohort; 0.684, 0.707, and 0.778 for the validation cohort), and C-indices (0.695 for training cohort; 0.679 for validation cohort) exhibited the excellent predictive ability of the nomogram. Calibration curves and DCA curves indicated favorable calibration performance and clinical utility. Patients were further stratified into two risk groups according to the median nomogram score. There existed an obvious distinction between the two groups both in the training cohort and validation cohort.

Conclusion

In summary, this research established and validated a novel nomogram to predict OS, which had good predictive power for HCC patients with compensated cirrhosis after local ablation.
The effects of blood flow restriction training on post activation potentiation and upper limb muscle activation: a meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Haiyang , Jiang Lizhu , Wang Jian
Published: July 2024

Objective

This meta-analysis aims to systematically evaluate the impact of blood flow restriction training (BFRT) on muscle activation and post-activation potentiation (PAP) in the upper limbs, to provide guidance for upper limb protocols aiming to enhance explosive strength and activation.

Methods

PubMed, CNKI, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases were queried to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of upper limb BFRT on muscle activation and PAP. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied using the Cochrane bias risk tool. Literature quality assessment and statistical analysis were conducted using Revman 5.4 and Stata 17.0 software. Sensitivity analysis and funnel plots were utilized to assess result stability and publication bias.

Results

A total of 31 articles involving 484 participants were included in the analysis. Meta-analysis results showed that upper limb BFRT significantly increased muscle iEMG values [SMD = 0.89, 95%CI (0.21, 1.58), p = 0.01]. BFRT had a significant effect on upper limb explosive force [SMD = 0.73, 95%CI (0.41, 1.04), p < 0.00001]. Subgroup analysis based on literature heterogeneity (I2 = 92%, 80%) showed that exhaustive BFRT significantly decreased upper limb iEMG [SMD = −0.67, 95%CI (−1.25, −0.09), p = 0.01], with exercise modes including maximum output power of bench press [SMD = 1.87, 95%CI (0.22, 3.53), p < 0.0001], exercise intensity of 40%–70% 1RM [SMD = 1.31, 95%CI (0.61, 2.01), p < 0.0001], and pressure intensity of ≥60% AOP [SMD = 0.83, 95%CI (0.43, 1.23), p < 0.0001] reaching maximum effects and statistical significance.

Conclusion

Upper limb BFRT can induce muscle activation and PAP. BFRT with 40%–70% 1RM and ≥60% AOP in the upper limbs is more likely to promote PAP.

Systematic Review Registration

http://inplasy.com, identifier INPLASY202430008.
Considerations for oral and dental tissues in holistic care during long-haul space flights
Authors: Bakr Mahmoud M. , Caswell Gabrielle M. , Hussein Habiba , Shamel Mohamed , Al-Ankily Mahmoud M.
Published: July 2024

The health of astronauts during and after the return from long-haul space missions is paramount. There is plethora of research in the literature about the medical side of astronauts’ health, however, the dental and oral health of the space crew seem to be overlooked with limited information in the literature about the effects of the space environment and microgravity on the oral and dental tissues. In this article, we shed some light on the latest available research related to space dentistry and provide some hypotheses that could guide the directions of future research and help maintain the oral health of space crews. We also promote for the importance of regenerative medicine and dentistry as well highlight the opportunities available in the expanding field of bioprinting/biomanufacturing through utilizing the effects of microgravity on stem cells culture techniques. Finally, we provide recommendations for adopting a multidisciplinary approach for oral healthcare during long-haul space flights.
Ischemic heart disease and stroke in male couriers: a cohort study using the national health insurance data and national employment insurance data
Authors: Yoon Jiyoung , Min Jeehee , Kim Eun Mi , Kim Jaiyong , Kim Inah
Published: July 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke among male couriers in Korea by linking the data from the National Health Insurance (NHI) and National Employee Insurance (NEI) databases.

Methods

As of 2015, the NHI and NEI databases were linked using individual IDs. A cohort of male couriers, aged between 20 and 64 years, (N = 5,012) was constructed using the Korean Employment Insurance Occupational Classification (KECO-2007). For comparison, a cohort of male total wage workers (N = 5,429,176) and a cohort of office workers (N = 632,848) within the same age group were also constructed. The follow-up was conducted until 31 December 2020 to confirm the occurrence of IHD and stroke. The diagnoses were defined using the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) codes. The criteria included medical services for more than 1 day of hospitalization or more than 2 outpatient visits. The age-standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated to evaluate the risk of occurrence. The hazard ratio (HR) was calculated using the Cox model after adjusting for age, alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity, income level, and employment duration as confounding variables.

Results

The SIR of IHD for couriers was 1.54 (95% CI 1.31–1.78), while for office workers, it was 1.08 (95% CI 1.06–1.10), compared to male total wage workers. The SIR for stroke was higher for couriers at 1.84 (95% CI 1.40–2.28) and lower for office workers at 0.86, compared to male total wage workers. Couriers had a higher SIR for stroke at 1.84 (95% CI 1.40–2.28) and lower for office workers at 0.86 (0.83–0.89). Compared to total wage workers, couriers had a significantly higher adjusted HR for IHD at 1.60 (95% CI 1.37–1.87) and a higher HR for stroke at 1.39 (95% CI 1.07–1.79). Compared to office workers, couriers had a significantly higher HR for IHD at 1.34 (95% CI 1.13–1.59) as well as for for stroke at 1.43 (95% CI 1.08–1.88).

Conclusion

The incidence of IHD and stroke was higher among male couriers compared to male office workers and total wage workers, highlighting the need for implementing public health interventions to prevent IHD and stroke among couriers.
Depression literacy, mental health literacy, and their relationship with psychological status and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Jafari Alireza , Moshki Mahdi , Naddafi Fatemehzahra , Ghelichi-Ghojogh Mousa , Armanmehr Vajihe , Kazemi Kimia , Nejatian Mahbobeh
Published: July 2024

Background

This study was conducted to measure depression literacy (D-Lit) and mental health literacy (MHL) and to investigate their relationship with psychological status and quality of life among Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 among 400 patients with T2DM in Iran. Samples were selected using proportional stratified sampling. Data collection tools comprised a demographic questionnaire, measures of MHL and D-Lit, the diabetes quality of life (DQOL) scale, and the DASS-21. After confirming the normality of the data using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, parametric statistical tests (such as one-way ANOVA, independent samples t-test, and Chi-Square) were used to investigate the relationship between the variables using SPSS v22 software. The results of continuous quantitative data are reported in the form of means and standard deviations, and qualitative data are reported in the form of absolute and relative frequencies.

Results

In this study, 10.25% of the participants (n = 41) had severe depression, while 36.75% (n = 147) experienced severe anxiety. The mean (standard deviation) of MHL was 80.92 (9.16) from 130 points. Of the participants, only 1.7% (n = 7) did not answer any questions correctly on the D-lit scale, and only 5.8% (n = 23) were able to answer 15 questions or more correctly on the D-lit. MHL had a significant negative correlation with depression (r = −0.236), anxiety (r = −0.243), and stress (r = −0.155) (P < 0.001). There was a positive and significant correlation between MHL and D-Lit (r = 0.186) (P < 0.001). D-Lit had a significant negative correlation with depression (r = −0.192), anxiety (r = −0.238), and stress (r = −0.156) (P < 0.001). There was a positive and significant correlation between the ability to recognize disorders (r = 0.163), knowledge of self-treatment (r = 0.154), and DQOL (P < 0.001). Depression (r = −0.251), anxiety (r = −0.257), and stress (r = −0.203) had a significant negative correlation with DQOL (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

MHL and D-Lit levels were found to be inadequate in patients with T2DM. These low levels of MHL and D-Lit among patients with T2DM were associated with higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress, as well as a lower quality of life. Therefore, designing and implementing preventive programs to improve the mental health of patients with T2DM can help prevent mental disorders and ultimately improve their quality of life.
Tribological coatings for electric vehicle applications
Authors: Lee Seungjoo , Farfan-Cabrera Leonardo Israel , Berman Diana , Rosenkranz Andreas , Erdemir Ali
Published: July 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) represent a new paradigm for a sustainable transportation future with the potential to offer unparalleled energy security, environmental cleanliness, and economic prosperity for all humanity. However, rapid development and adaptation of this new transportation approach depend on addressing multiple challenges, including the development of new materials and coatings that can meet the more stringent thermal, electrical, and tribological requirements of EV drivetrains. Specifically, the operating conditions of moving mechanical assemblies (i.e., bearings, gears, among others) in EVs differ radically from those found in conventional internal combustion (IC) engines—thus giving rise to notable reliability issues. In particular, as the function of bearings and gear systems shift from mostly load-carrying (in IC engines) to the torque-transferring mode in EVs, durability concerns of these assemblies due to severe deformation, wear, micro-pitting, fatigue, and scuffing may worsen—as electric motors can generate maximum torque at near zero speeds but maximum efficiency at around 90% speed (this is opposite of conventional IC engines, which generate high torques at high speeds). These conflicting requirements require a different set of lubricant-material combinations to circumvent such problems under high loads and low-speed conditions of EVs. Therefore, new materials, coatings, and lubrication strategies need to be developed and implemented for future EVs to become tribologically viable and reliable. Accordingly, EV drivetrains can potentially benefit from advanced functional coatings that have already significantly improved the functionality of moving components of IC engines. The main objective of this article is to draw attention to some of the tribological issues in EVs and how advanced functional coatings can help resolve these issues due to their unique thermal, electrical, mechanical, and tribological properties, ultimately making EVs more durable and reliable.
Ethical approach to the use of immersive technologies. Advance about digitalisation of multilingual programs in the EHEA
Authors: Peña-Acuña Beatriz , Rubio-Alcalá Fernando David
Published: July 2024

This study explores the ethical implications of integrating advanced immersive technologies into education using a snowball documentary methodology, considering multidisciplinary perspectives. Advocating for a holistic approach, it suggests combining legal frameworks, ethical codes, and educational programs centered on core values. The evolving ethical landscape of immersive technologies reveals varied viewpoints among researchers, with some emphasizing concerns and others highlighting advantages. Additionally, some leverage immersive technologies for ethical education in response to emerging challenges. Post-implementation, ethical challenges and norms contribute to the ongoing expansion of the topic. A closer examination identifies nuanced differences and commonalities between immersive technologies and the Metaverse, emphasizing multifaceted considerations. Legal aspects are thoroughly covered in AR, VR, and MxR technologies, while the Metaverse focuses on identity protection. In education, immersive technologies exhibit more developed ethical concerns, underscoring the richness compared to the Metaverse.
Therapy for Children With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Hronis Anastasia , Kneebone Ian
Published: July 2024

Anxiety is when people feel worried or nervous, and it is something that many people around the world go through. Some people are more likely to have anxiety than others. Some children are not as good as others at learning and understanding, which is known as an intellectual disability. Children with intellectual disabilities are more likely to experience anxiety—but unfortunately, they often do not get the help they need to feel better. Our research set out to help children with anxiety, especially those with an intellectual disability. We reviewed the research that has already been performed, asked mental health professionals questions, and talked to parents to learn what might work best. Then, we created Fearless Me! Fearless Me! is a program designed especially for children who have difficulties learning and understanding. So far, the Fearless Me! program seems to help reduce anxiety in children with intellectual disabilities.
Mapping Rocks From Space
Authors: Bohon Wendy , Tripathy-Lang Alka
Published: July 2024

The Himalayan mountain range is known for its majestic beauty and towering heights, but the very features that make it famous can keep scientists from understanding its details. To make sense of the history of this mountain range, geologists need to see the rocks that they are made of. However, this can be difficult because of the sheer heights and inaccessibility of parts of the range. To solve this, we got a bird’s eye view of these mountains—from space! Using data from the ASTER instrument aboard NASA’s Terra satellite, we looked at the spectral signature of the rocks that make up the mountains. A spectral signature is almost like a fingerprint. We used this information to make a geologic map of the northwestern Himalaya, which helped us to piece together part of the history of these mighty mountains.
Ex Situ Left Ventricular Pressure-Volume Loop Analyses for Donor Hearts: Proof of Concept in an Ovine Experimental Model
Authors: Ertugrul I. A. , Puspitarani R. A. D. A. , Wijntjes B. , Vervoorn M. T. , Ballan E. M. , van der Kaaij N. P. , van Goor H. , Westenbrink B. D. , van der Plaats A. , Nijhuis F. , van Suylen V. , Erasmus M. E.
Published: July 2024

Ex situ heart perfusion (ESHP) has emerged as an important strategy to preserve donation after brain death (DBD) and donation after circulatory death (DCD) donor hearts. Clinically, both DBD and DCD hearts are successfully preserved using ESHP. Viability assessment is currently based on biochemical values, while a reliable method for graft function assessment in a physiologic working mode is unavailable. As functional assessment during ESHP has demonstrated the highest predictive value of outcome post-transplantation, this is an important area for improvement. In this study, a novel method for ex situ assessment of left ventricular function with pressure-volume loop analyses is evaluated. Ovine hearts were functionally evaluated during normothermic ESHP with the novel pressure-volume loop system. This system provides an afterload and adjustable preload to the left ventricle. By increasing the preload and measuring end-systolic elastance, the system could successfully assess the left ventricular function. End-systolic elastance at 60 min and 120 min was 2.8 ± 1.8 mmHg/mL and 2.7 ± 0.7 mmHg/mL, respectively. In this study we show a novel method for functional graft assessment with ex situ pressure-loop analyses during ESHP. When further validated, this method for pressure-volume assessments, could be used for better graft selection in both DBD and DCD donor hearts.
Artificial Intelligence and Food Processing Firms Productivity: Evidence from China
Authors: Liu Huanan , Wang Yan , Yan Zhoufu
Published: July 2024

Amidst the tremendous evolution of the digital economy and the expedited establishment of a new development paradigm, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies holds significant importance in achieving superior economic development. While much of the previous research focused on the macroeconomic impact of AI, this study examined how AI technology affects food processing firm performance, productivity, and labor skill structure at the food processing firm level. This study utilized panel data from listed food processing enterprises in Shanghai and Shenzhen spanning from 2010 to 2021, performing textual analysis on the annual reports of listed companies and then creating enterprise-level AI indicators to empirically examine the influence of AI applications on enterprise performance and its underlying mechanisms. The findings indicate a substantial improvement in business performance due to the application of artificial intelligence, which is a conclusion corroborated through a series of stability tests. Exploring channels and mechanisms, the analysis revealed that AI-driven advancements in production technologies stimulated the requirement for highly skilled labor, thereby inducing shifts in the labor force’s structure. Further investigation demonstrated that artificial intelligence contributed to enhancing the total factor productivity, consequently bolstering the overall enterprise performance. A heterogeneity analysis showed that firm-level factors, such as the nature of property rights and factor intensity, had an impact on the influence of AI on firm performance. In addition, the geographic location and time of year of a company also had impacts on the productivity benefits of artificial intelligence. This research deepened the cognition and understanding of the role played by AI in the production process at the micro-enterprise level and provided suggestions for promoting the development of artificial intelligence technologies at the micro-enterprise level, which will facilitate the transformation of the labor structure to further augment enterprise efficiency.
La politique européenne du parti socialiste. Théorie et pratique (1945-1965 )
Authors: Rathkolb Olivier
Published: July 2024

Même au cours des discussions sur la politique d’intégration qui suivirent en Autriche -par exemple dans le cadre de la polémique avec l’économiste Franz Nemschak, partisan virulent de la CEE -Kreisky et le SPÖe soutinrent des opi¬ nions allant strictement dans le sens de la neutralité. C’est surtout après la mort de Julius Raab que les membres de l’OeVP, qui se montraient sceptiques à l’égard de la neutralité et étaient en faveur de la CEE, recommencèrent à s’expri¬ mer, tandis que l’on avait assisté au processus inverse au sein du SPOe : très grande réserve dans les phases décisives pour l’élaboration du concept de neutra- lité, scepticisme voire rejet quant à une neutralité de l’Autriche, en 1954-55 ; dans les années 60 adoption de plus en plus nette de la ligne du ministre des Affaires étrangères en faveur d’un respect inconditionnel des clauses juridiques de la neutralité face aux questions d’intégration.

Au vu des traditions idéologiques, le “partenariat social” eut des “effets” concrets, comme le montre la concordance des intérêts entre l’union des indus¬ triels autrichiens et des experts de la Arbeiterkammer de Vienne et de l’OeGB. Dans la mesure où Kreisky, qui avait opté pour le pragmatisme en politique, fai¬ sait appel à l’avis d’experts extérieurs au parti pour le processus de prise de déci¬ sion, les rapports du ministre des Affaires étrangères portant sur des questions de droit public international, mais aussi de politique économique, prirent de plus en plus d’importance. Par la suite, les arguments mettant en jeu le partenariat social furent dominés par les “intérêts d’Etat”.

Kreisky se montra très favorablement impressionné par la théorie gaullienne d’une “Europe de l’Islande à Istambul et de l’Atlantique à l’Oural”, sans partager le rejet que de Gaulle opposait à la Grande-Bretagne (27). Face au président Kennedy lui-même, il cita de Gaulle en 1963 : puisque “L’Europe ne constitue pas une unité, on pourrait parler peut-être d’une “Europe des patries” et d’une “Europe des affaires” “ (28) -indépendamment de l’intégration économique au sein de la CEE. Partant du même principe que de Gaulle, Kreisky tenta, en raison précisément de la concentration des Six en Europe de l’Ouest, de développer les relations avec ses voisins d’Europe de l’Est dans le sens d’une politique de détente concrète, et d’élargir au-delà de l’Europe les perspectives en matière de politique étrangère. C’est précisément en cette phase particulièrement difficile d’adaptation des pays non membres de la CEE aux conséquences économiques de l’intégration dans la petite Europe que le petit Etat qu’est l’Autriche dévelop¬ pa une politique étrangère active et engagée, dont le point de cristallisation est la neutralité permanente.
D'un à priori à l'autre. J. Alberto Coffa : The semantic tradition from Kant to Carnap. To the Vienna Station. Cambridge University Press, 1991, 445 p.
Authors: Bourdeau Michel
Published: July 2024

In the years 1925-1935, Vienna was one of the intellectual centers of Europa. It is there that Wittgenstein and Carnap elaborated the first theory of the a priori at last able to supersede Kant’s doctrine, that had become obsolete. In order to put this discovery in its natural framework, the first part describes the decline of the kantian “pure intuition” and the slow constitution, from Bolzano to Russell, through Elemholtz and Frege, of a semantic tradition. Coffa’s book is one of the best that has ever been written about neo-positivism and it is a pity that, due to the unexpected death of the author, it has not yet received the attention it deserves.
Une opérette "sérieuse" ? À propos du Baron Tzigane (1885) de Johann Strauß fils
Authors: Banoun Bernard
Published: July 2024

Johann Strauss' Der Zigeunerbaron (The Gipsy Baron, 1885), like Die Fledermaus, has maintained its position in the repertory of German-speaking stages in Strauss' 1886 modified version. However, in recent years some theatres have started playing the first version. In spite of the absence of a critical edition, it is possible to study the musical and dramatic structures of Der Zigeunerbaron's first version, which reveals Strauss' initial plan, with its two long and through-composed finales («durchkomponiert »). Viewed in this way the work is in the tradition of Lortzing's Spieloper rather than in that of the Viennese comedy. The study of comic elements in Der Zigeunerbaron also shows that it is not atypical operetta of the "Golden Age". Nevertheless, Viennese operetta always bears witness to the historical context of the Habsburg monarchy, and Der Zigeunerbaron is then examined from this point of view.
Quelques remarques marginales sur la fin du monde chez Heiner Müller et Karl Kraus
Authors: Baillet Florence
Published: July 2024

Si le nom de Karl Kraus était jugé indésirable par le discours officiel du régime de la RDA, il existait cependant une présence krausienne de ce côté-là du mur, comme peut en témoigner, par exemple, l’influence de l’écrivain viennois sur l’auteur dramatique est-allemand Heiner Müller. Quand on compare Les derniers jours de l’humanité à Germania Mort à Berlin, on note en effet des parentés entre ces pièces de théâtre. Elles ont toutes deux recours à une déconstruction des catégories dramatiques dites "traditionnelles", caractérisée par le refus de l’harmonie, par des "dissonances" qui se manifestent concrètement, sur la scène, dans la cacophonie mêlant les voix aux bruits de bataille. Ces œuvres ont également en commun leur thématique : l’Histoire de l’humanité serait dominée par une logique de destruction, niant toute idée de progrès (en particulier technique) et aboutissant à un anéantissement de la Création. Müller s’emploie même à dénoncer les mensonges des médias, à l’aide d’un humour noir et de scènes grotesques qui sont de véritables citations de Kraus.
Héros sur terre, héros des airs. Une atteinte à l’honneur
Authors: Früh Eckart
Published: July 2024

Le titre indique clairement ce dont il s'agit : d'une véritable atteinte à l'honneur, commise en se référant au satiriste polémique Karl Kraus. L'objet de cette polémique sont les militaires, héros anonymes ou de renom, qui pendant la Première Guerre aussi bien que pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale (et après), se sont précipités dans une “aventure technoromantique” et ont cru en sortir couverts de gloire. Ces réflexions prennent appui sur le drame Les derniers jours de l'humanité, complété par des articles de journaux publiés pendant les deux guerres mondiales. D'une part elles montrent ainsi l'œuvre de destruction menée par tous les moyens dont disposent les techniques d'armement modernes, d'autre part elles démasquent les mensonges d'une phraséologie mise en place pour magnifier un “conflit d'industries de guerre modernes” en le qualifiant de chevaleresque et conforme aux règles de l'honneur. C'est ce contre quoi Kraus s'est insurgé avec vigueur ; en effet, comment parler d'honneur «quand il s’agit d’accomplir ou de ne pas accomplir son devoir dans une activité qui est, par nature, devant Dieu et au regard de l’avenir de toute l’humanité, la plus dénuée d’honneur qui soit ».
Auto-mythification et auto-dérision, L’éventail blanc (1897) de Hugo von Hofmannsthal
Authors: Winkler Jean-Marie
Published: July 2024

Si les drames lyriques du jeune Hofmannsthal peuvent représenter la " Vienne 1900", une (re)lecture de L'éventail blanc met au jour les ambiguïtés fondamentales de cet état d'esprit. Les duplicités, les mensonges, les carences sont inscrits dans le texte, ainsi que dans l'ironie structurelle qui oppose les personnages principaux au sein de la comédie esquissée. Pour le lecteur attentif, il n'est nul besoin de recourir à une quelconque sociologie de la littérature, voire à une politisation du texte, démarches qui reviendraient toutes deux à séparer arbitrairement littérature et histoire, en privilégiant certes non le texte, mais l'approche factuelle. La lecture immanente proposée par Peter Szondi montre, avec bonheur, le chemin à suivre pour trouver, dans l'œuvre même, le hiatus inscrit au cœur de l'époque.
Musil et Kraus
Authors: Gödicke Stéphane
Published: July 2024

Robert Musil et Karl Kraus sont aujourd'hui considérés comme des figures de proue de la modernité viennoise, malgré leurs efforts pour s'en démarquer. Ce point commun ne doit cependant pas masquer que leurs rapports ont été particulièrement complexes, jusqu'à se demander si l'on peut même parler de rapports. En effet, Musil s'est toujours montré très dur envers son collègue, tant en privé qu'en public, tandis que ce dernier a refusé toute sa vie d'émettre un jugement sur Musil, alors que tout porte à croire qu'il l'avait lu. Il est pourtant possible de décrypter les raisons de cet antagonisme et d'en retracer les principales étapes : les fronts ont été tracés à l'occasion de l'affaire Kerr du printemps 1911, Musil s'attachant à défendre son mentor tandis que Kraus le démolissait en bonne et due forme. Au début des années 1920, une seconde polémique allait opposer les deux hommes autour de la figure de Nestroy, Kraus réussissant le tour de force de se battre contre son ennemi sans le nommer une seule fois, mais en multipliant les allusions perfides. Attaques et contre-attaques se soldent par une inimitié sincère et durable, en dépit de parentés thématiques évidentes entre leurs oeuvres.
Egon Schiele, produit et victime de la « Vienne 1900 »
Authors: Kreissler Félix
Published: July 2024

Egon Schiele, im Zentrum des Dreigespanns Klimt-Schiele-Kokoschka, musste lange und hart kämpfen, um als Künstler anerkannt zu werden und seinen Platz in einer kühnen und subversiven Avantgarde zurecht einzunehmen. Um sich gegen den konservativen Geist der damals - und heute - herrschenden Kreise durchzusetzen, musste er Demütigungen und Verfolgungen erleiden. Gezeichnet vom Niedergang einer vom Monarchismus geprägten Gesellschaft, und gleichzeitig an der artistischen Revolution seiner Zeit teilnehmend, zu früh verstorben, kann man Schiele zweifellos als Produkt und als Opfer von "Wien 1900" bezeichnen.
La bibliothèque viennoise de Carl Menger conservée au Japon : étude des sources d’une pensée économique
Authors: Campagnolo Gilles
Published: July 2024

Die Privatbibliothek des Begründers der Grenznutzentheorie, Carl Menger (1840-1921), war am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts in Europa eine der ersten im Bereich der Sozialwissenschaften. Sie enthält Informationsquellen, die für eine Untersuchung der Herkunft von Mengers Denken sowie dessen Nachwirkungen in der sogenannten „österreichischen Schule der Nationalökonomie“ unabdingbar sind. Aber wohl aufgrund des Umstands, dass sich die Bibliothek seit Mengers Tod in Japan befindet, sind diese Dokumente bisher kaum erforscht worden. Ein Stipendienaufenthalt vor Ort dank des japanischen Forschungsministeriums hat uns die Möglichkeit verschafft, die Quintessenz daraus zu ziehen : nach der Rekonstruktion der erstaunlichen Geschichte der Reise dieser Sammlung konnten wir, vor allem aufgrund der Analyse der handschriftlichen Randnotizen Mengers, die Rolle der antiken philosophischen Quellen bei der Herstellung eines der wichtigsten wirtschaftlichen Paradigmata der modernen Wissenschaftsgeschichte herausarbeiten. Schließlich liefert unsere Studio auch das Portrat eines Wissenschaftlers im Wien der 80er Jahre des 19. Jahrhunderts, der ein treuer Echo des josephinischen Fortschrittsdenkens und ein „Mann ohne Vorurteil“ war.
„Originelle Dichtung“ mit „Niveau“ ? Zu Aspekten der Lyrik Erich Frieds von 1945 bis zum Ende der fünfziger Jahre
Authors: Kaukoreit Volker
Published: July 2024

Après ses premières publications dans son exil londonien pendant la guerre, ce n’est qu’en 1958 que Fried publie de nouveau un recueil poétique, le volume Gedichte qui, par ailleurs, fut sa première publication sur le "continent de langue allemande". Cependant, entre 1945 et la fin des années cinquante, Fried a écrit une foule de poèmes, ce qui trouve entre autres son reflet dans le recueil de cycles poétiques Reich der Steine (Hambourg, 1963). Notre contribution traite de la ‘polyphonie poétique’ de cette production et de la question de sa place dans l’histoire et la vie littéraires. Dans cette perspective, la prise en compte de l’expérience de l’exil et de l’influence potentielle de la culture anglaise semble cruciale. Erich Fried lui-même a déclaré que ses poèmes ultérieurs ne peuvent être compris sans connaissance de cette période de sa création.
Celui qui prêche dans le désert. Sur l’utilisation de l’Ancien Testament dans Höre, Israel !
Authors: Millot Cécile
Published: July 2024

Im Lyrikband Höre, Israel ! kritisiert der jüdische Agnostiker Erich Fried die Politik des Staates Israel ; in mehreren Gedichten greift er dabei auf das Alte Testament zurück. Dieser Beitrag analysiert zwei Kategorien von Texten, die zwei Modi der Auseinandersetzung Frieds mit der Bibel dokumentieren.

Fried kritisiert die Verwendung der Bibel und mancher Episoden und Bilder aus der biblischen Geschichte als Gründungsmythos des Staates Israel. Er zeigt, wie die zionistische Propaganda das Volk Israel als ein heute noch „auserwähltes Volk“ stilisiert, das auf das „gelobte Land“ ein Anrecht hat. Er distanziert sich vom Gebrauch eines Jahrtausende alten religiösen Textes als Begründung der Ansprüche eines modernen Staates.

Der von Fried angestellte Versuch, die Sprache der alttestamentarischen Propheten im Sinne seiner eigenen Stellungnahme neu zu beleben, führt zu problematischen Ergebnissen. Die Reaktualisierung dieser Figuren erweist sich erst dann als möglich, wenn sie auch modernisiert werden, wobei die Distanz, die Fried vom Alten Testament trennt, deutlich zum Vorschein kommt. Auffallend ist die Nähe von Frieds Prophetenfiguren zu einer eher neutestamentarischen moralischen und politischen Aufklärung.