bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling Analysis of the CCT Gene Family in Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum melongena
Authors: Cai Liangyu , Xiang Rui , Jiang Yaqin , Li Weiliu , Yang Qihong , Gan Guiyun , Li Wenjia , Yu Chuying , Wang Yikui
Published: October 2024

CCT family genes play crucial roles in photoperiodic flowering and environmental stress response; however, there are limited reports in Solanum species with considerable edible and medicinal value. In this study, we conducted genome-wide characterization and expression profiling analysis of the CCT gene family in two Solanum species: tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). A total of 27 SlCCT and 29 SmCCT genes were identified in the tomato and eggplant genomes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the CCT gene family could be divided into six subgroups (COL I, COL II, COL III, PRR, CMF I, and CMF II) in Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana. The similarity in the distribution of exon–intron structures and conserved motifs within the same subgroup indicated the conservation of SlCCT and SmCCT genes during evolution. Intraspecies collinearity analysis revealed that six pairs of SlCCT genes and seven pairs of SmCCT genes showed collinear relationships, suggesting that segmental duplication played a vital role in the expansion of the SlCCT and SmCCT family genes. Cis-acting element prediction indicated that SlCCT and SmCCT were likely to be involved in multiple responses stimulated by light, phytohormones, and abiotic stress. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that SmCCT15, SlCCT6/SlCCT14, and SlCCT23/SmCCT9 responded significantly to salt, drought, and cold stress, respectively. Our comprehensive analysis of the CCT gene family in tomato and eggplant provides a basis for further studies on its molecular role in regulating flowering and resistance to abiotic stress, and provides valuable candidate gene resources for tomato and eggplant molecular breeding.
Texture Analysis and Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Treatment in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Mariani Ilaria , Maino Cesare , Giandola Teresa Paola , Franco Paolo Niccolò , Drago Silvia Girolama , Corso Rocco , Talei Franzesi Cammillo , Ippolito Davide
Published: October 2024

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the texture analysis extracted from preoperative rectal magnetic resonance (MR) studies and the response to neoadjuvant treatment. Materials and Methods: In total, 88 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent staging MR between 2017 and 2022 were retrospectively enrolled. After the completion of neoadjuvant treatment, they underwent surgical resection. The tumour regression grade (TRG) was collected. Patients with TRG 1–2 were classified as responders, while patients with TRG 3 to 5 were classified as non-responders. A texture analysis was conducted using LIFEx software (v 7.6.0), where T2-weighted MR sequences on oriented axial planes were uploaded, and a region of interest (ROI) was manually drawn on a single slice. Features with a Spearman correlation index > 0.5 have been discarded, and a LASSO feature selection has been applied. Selected features were trained using bootstrapping. Results: According to the TRG classes, 49 patients (55.8%) were considered responders, while 39 (44.2) were non-responders. Two features were associated with the responder class: GLCM_Homogeneity and Discretized Histo Entropy log 2. Regarding GLCM_Homogeneity, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were 0.779 (95% CIs = 0.771–0.816), 86% (80–90), and 67% (60–71). Regarding Discretized Histo Entropy log 2, we found 0.775 AUC (0.700–0.801), 80% sensitivity (74–83), and 63% specificity (58–69). Combining both radiomics features the radiomics signature diagnostic accuracy increased (AUC = 0.844). Finally, the AUC of 1000 bootstraps were 0.810. Conclusions: Texture analysis can be considered an advanced tool for determining a possible correlation between pre-surgical MR data and the response to neoadjuvant therapy.
Young Children Benefit from Intensive, Group-Based Pediatric Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy
Authors: Ryan-Bloomer Katherine S.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: This quasi-experimental study examined the effectiveness of an intensive, group-based pediatric constraint-induced movement therapy (pCIMT) program for young children. Methods: Thirty-five children aged 21 months to 6 years, with unilateral hemiparesis (HP), or weakness on one side of the body from varying etiologies, participated in a 4-week intensive, interprofessional, theme- and group-based pCIMT clinic program in the Midwest, United States. The program ran for 4 weeks with 3 h of therapy per day, 5 days per week with 3 weeks of 24 h casting for the unaffected arm, followed by 1 week of bimanual focus. Outcome measures included the Quality Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST), Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA), Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Results: The participants statistically significantly improved the unilateral function of the HP arm in four of five QUEST variables (p < 0.009), bimanual coordination as measured by the AHA (p < 0.001), and some areas of occupational performance as measured by the COPM (p < 0.001) and PEDI (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study revealed the intensive, group-based pCIMT clinic model was effective and feasible to implement with the support from various stakeholders.
Health-Promoting Behaviors, Physical Self-Efficacy, Exercise Adherence, and Sports Commitment Among Older Adults Who Participate in Sports Activities
Authors: Woo Seung-Hwan , Seo Jae-Pil , Kim Hyun-Ryun , So Wi-Young , Sim Young-Kyun
Published: October 2024

Objectives: The Republic of Korea is progressively becoming a super-aged society, emphasizing the need for regular physical activity among older adults because it has physical, psychological, and social benefits. Recently, increasing depression and suicide rates have been reported among older adults living alone. However, research that considers older adults’ living situations is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between health-promoting behaviors (HPB), physical self-efficacy (PSE), exercise adherence, and sports commitment among older adults aged ≥ 65 years who participated in sports activities and investigate the influence of their living situation. Methods: The participants were 452 individuals aged ≥ 65 who lived in the metropolitan areas of Chungcheong-do, Jeolla-do, and Gwangju Provinces, Republic of Korea, and who regularly participated in sports activities (men = 283, women = 169). This study was conducted from January to May 2024. Data were collected using a structured and validated questionnaire, and the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and multi-group analysis. Results: Structural equation modeling showed that the research model was appropriate, and all five paths showed statistical significance. The identity of the model was verified in the multi-group analysis, but path coefficients differed between older adults living alone and those living with family members. HPB significantly affected PSE, exercise adherence, and sports commitment among both groups of older adults. However, the impact of PSE on exercise adherence and sports commitment was not statistically significant among older adults living alone. Conclusions: The results highlight the need to consider older adults’ living situations when establishing regular physical activity. Efforts should also be made to promote regular exercise participation among older adults living alone.
The Effect of a Biofeedback-Based Integrated Intervention for Older Adults with Orthostatic Hypotension: A Secondary Analysis on Psychological Health Outcomes in a Non-Randomized Pilot Trial
Authors: Kim Nahyun , Han Jeonghwa , Kang Hyunwook
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Aging-related physical changes and dysfunctions in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) often lead to orthostatic hypotension (OH) in older adults. OH negatively impacts both the physical and psychological well-being of those affected. Previous studies have demonstrated that the biofeedback-based integrated program (BBIP), a multicomponent intervention focused on heart rate variability biofeedback, effectively improves OH, as well as symptoms related to ANS function. This substudy aims to examine the effects of the BBIP on psychological health outcomes among community-dwelling older adults with OH. Methods: This study employed a non-randomized controlled trial design with a convenience sampling strategy. A total of 51 older adults with OH were recruited from two senior welfare centers and randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 27) or the control group (n = 24). The intervention group participated in a 12-week BBIP, which included weekly biofeedback sessions and group education on lifestyle modification to alleviate OH. Telephone counseling was also provided to promote compliance. Results: The intervention group showed significant improvements in health-related quality of life, depression, anxiety, and fall efficacy after the 12-week BBIP, whereas the control group exhibited no significant changes. There was a significant reduction in the percentage of participants in the intervention group reporting problems in all five dimensions of the EQ-5D (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression). Conclusions: The BBIP was effective in improving the psychological health outcomes of older adults with OH. Future studies should explore the long-term effects of the BBIP using a larger sample size and a randomized controlled trial design.
Comparative Efficacy of Cavotricuspid Isthmus Ablation in Sinus Rhythm Versus Typical Atrial Flutter
Authors: Katov Lyuboslav , Teumer Yannick , Schlarb Alyssa , Reiländer Sonja , Aktolga Deniz , Diofano Federica , Bothner Carlo , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Weinmann-Emhardt Karolina
Published: October 2024

Background: Cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent atrial flutter (AFL) is the most common atrial macro-reentrant tachycardia, characterized by a typical ECG pattern (type I ECG). Often, tachycardia terminates before it can be confirmed by an electrophysiological study (EPS), necessitating CTI ablation in sinus rhythm (SR). This study aims to compare the success rate of CTI ablation in patients with type I ECG during SR versus ongoing CTI-dependent AFL, focusing on arrhythmia recurrence. Methods: We screened patients at Ulm University Heart Center from January 2010 to November 2020 with type I ECG who underwent CTI ablation. Patients were divided into two groups: those whose tachycardia terminated before EPS and underwent ablation in SR, and those with ongoing CTI-dependent AFL during EPS. CTI ablation was deemed complete when a bidirectional conductance block was achieved, confirmed after 30 min. Results: A total of 230 patients were included, all showing typical AFL in ECG recordings. Of these, 67 patients underwent ablation in SR, while 163 were ablated during ongoing AFL. The median follow-up time was 2.7 years. Recurrence of CTI-dependent AFL occurred in 8.3% of patients: 4.5% in the SR ablation group and 9.8% in the ongoing AFL group. Kaplan–Meier estimation showed similar efficacy for both methods regarding arrhythmia recurrence (log-rank p = 0.07). Conclusions: Our decade-long study indicates that CTI ablation during SR is as effective as ablation during ongoing CTI-dependent AFL in achieving long-term freedom from arrhythmia. This research supports the efficacy of both techniques in clinical settings, validating a widely practiced approach.
Evaluating the Effect of Adaptive Reuse in the Energy Performance of Historic Buildings: A Case Study from Türkiye
Authors: Alasmar Reham , Anaç Merve , Bakan Merve Karabeyeser
Published: October 2024

The building sector accounts for 30% to 40% of total energy consumption, and historic buildings play an important role in this proportion. Historical buildings that do not meet the required comfort conditions for the residents are adaptively reused, with various revisions. Recognizing the energy design of a historical building in its original condition and comparing the current situation can help create future solutions. This study examines the changes that a historic house in a hot climate zone in Türkiye experiences, from its original state up until the current situation. Energy analyses of the pre- and post-restoration situation are carried out, and the effect of adaptive reuse decisions on the energy performance of the building is investigated. A dynamic thermal simulation created with DesignBuilder was used to identify the energy use, carbon emissions, and thermal comfort. TM59 adaptive thermal comfort was used for the pre-restoration and the Fanger model for the post-restoration phase. This building, which was repurposed from a three-block residence, consists of a four-block hotel. Although the preservation of its original value is at the forefront, various structural changes were observed. The analysis demonstrates a higher occurrence of discomfort hours during summer compared to winter, consistent across both phases. Furthermore, energy consumption increased significantly, predominantly for heating, representing a doubling of energy use during the post-restoration phase. This is attributed to the building’s conversion into a hotel and the use of mechanical systems. Future research is required to develop strategies to reduce the energy consumption, carbon emissions, and discomfort hours while maintaining the value of the historic building and its materials.
Simulation of Flood-Control Reservoirs: Comparing Fully 2D and 0D–1D Models
Authors: Dazzi Susanna , Verbeni Riccardo , Mignosa Paolo , Vacondio Renato
Published: October 2024

Flood-control reservoirs are often used as a structural measure to mitigate fluvial floods, and numerical models are a fundamental tool for assessing their effectiveness. This work aims to analyze the suitability of fully 2D shallow-water models to simulate these systems by adopting internal boundary conditions to describe hydraulic structures (i.e., dams) and by using a parallelized code to reduce the computational burden. The 2D results are also compared with the more established approach of coupling a 1D model for the river and a 0D model for the reservoir. Two test cases, including an in-stream reservoir and an off-stream basin, both located in Italy, are considered. Results show that the fully 2D model can effectively handle the simulation of a complex flood-control system. Moreover, compared with the 0D–1D model, it captures the velocity field and the filling/emptying process of the reservoir more realistically, especially for off-stream reservoirs. Conversely, when the basin is characterized by very limited flood dynamics, the two approaches provide similar results (maximum levels in the reservoir differ by less than 10 cm, and peak discharges by about 5%). Thanks to parallelization and the inclusion of internal boundary conditions, fully 2D models can be applied not only for local hydrodynamic analyses but also for river-scale studies, including flood-control reservoirs, with reasonable computational effort (i.e., ratios of physical to computational times on the order of 30–100).
Psychosocial Workloads and Resilience of Heads of Municipal Public Health Authorities in Germany During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perceptions of Operational Organization, Communication, and Measures
Authors: Kinne Veit , Trommer Sabine , Mitic Dragisa , Ehrenberg Sandra , Jurke Annette , Schwerdtner Nora-Lynn , van der Wall Astrid , Wischnewski Nicoletta , Kipp Frank
Published: October 2024

Healthcare professionals are particularly vulnerable to mental health issues during epidemics, as evidenced by the COVID-19 crisis. German public health authorities, crucial for disease prevention, faced significant strain from chronic understaffing and resource limitations exacerbated by the pandemic. The study was designed as a cross-sectional, observational online survey. This study conducted an online needs assessment survey among heads of municipal public health authorities in Thuringia, Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, Bavaria, and Berlin between June and November 2023. Of the 191 contacted authorities, 74 responses (38.7%) were analyzed, focusing on professional demands, recognition, stress resilience, general life satisfaction, operational organization, and communication during the pandemic. Validated scales such as ERI, RS-13, L-1, and the COVID-19 add-on module of the COPSOQ were utilized. Statistical tests included descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, Chi-Square tests, linear regression, T-tests, and ANOVA with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Respondents were mainly from North Rhine-Westphalia (43.3%) and Bavaria (24.3%), predominantly female (54.1%), and had a mean age of 52.7 years. The majority were medical specialists (71.9%). The RS-13 mean score was 72.66 (SD = 12.42), with 58.9% demonstrating high stress resilience. Public health degree holders showed the highest resilience. The ER-ratio indicated high effort versus reward for 96.7% of heads. Larger districts showed lower ER-ratios, suggesting resilient organizational structures. The study highlights high psychosocial workload and resilience among German public health authority heads during COVID-19, suggesting the need for optimized crisis management and scalable staffing for future pandemics and crises.
Conceptual Model on Access to Food in the Favela Food Environment
Authors: Rocha Luana , Canella Daniela , Canuto Raquel , Jardim Mariana , Cardoso Letícia , Friche Amelia , Mendes Larissa
Published: October 2024

The inequalities of Brazilian society are amplified in favelas, affecting access to basic sanitation, health, education services, and food. More research is needed to better understand the favela food environment and propose appropriate public food and nutrition policies to increase the availability of and access to healthy food. In this context, this study aimed to develop a conceptual model of the relationship between access to food and the favela food environment and its determinants. In developing the conceptual model, this study undertook a bibliographical survey of the food environment, and a preliminary version was submitted to an expert panel. The model represents a set of dimensions (individual, micro-environment, macro-environment, and decision-making) and elements that interact in a complex manner and help understand access to food in areas subject to multiple social vulnerabilities. This model can guide future research and aid policymakers in designing effective strategies to improve the food security and health of populations in areas of high socio-spatial vulnerability.
Electronic Health Record Adoption and Its Effects on Healthcare Staff: A Qualitative Study of Well-Being and Workplace Stress
Authors: Provenzano Maria , Cillara Nicola , Curcio Felice , Pisu Maria Orsola , González Cesar Iván Avilés , Jiménez-Herrera Maria Francisca
Published: October 2024

Adopting electronic health records (EHRs) offers improved communication and information sharing and reduces medical staff errors. Despite these potential benefits, EHR adoption often introduces new challenges for healthcare staff, including increased administrative burdens and workplace stress. This study examines the impact of EHR systems on the well-being and workplace stress of healthcare staff in a hospital setting. Using a qualitative multi-perspective research approach, 16 guideline-based interviews were conducted to explore experiences, insight, and perceptions surrounding the anticipated introduction of EHRs. Data analysis reveals a complex interplay between the perceived advantages of EHRs, such as improved data accessibility and patient safety, and the challenges related to increased workload. Based on interviewers’ perceptions, emerging themes were categorized as technostress creators or inhibitors. The findings highlight a dual impact of EHRs: while participants acknowledged improvements in patient safety and information access, they also expressed concerns about increased workload, technostress, and potential disruptions to team dynamics. This study identified two major themes: “EHR Adoption as a Double-Edged Sword” and “EHRs’ Influence on Professional Dynamics”. These findings underscore the need for organizational readiness and staff support to mitigate the negative impacts of EHRs on healthcare workers’ well-being and job satisfaction.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Urban Gas Station Site Selection Under Territorial Spatial Planning Constraints
Authors: Zhu Jie , Zhu Mengyao , Chen Li , Luo Li , Wang Weihua , Zhu Xueming , Sun Yizhong
Published: October 2024

The traditional process for selecting urban gas station sites often emphasizes economic benefits and return on investment, frequently overlooking mandatory and guiding constraints established by territorial spatial planning regulations. This neglect can compromise the effective layout and future growth of cities, potentially affecting their long-term development. To address this issue, this study develops a systematic framework for urban gas station site selection that integrates both mandatory and guiding constraints. By conducting detailed analyses of feasible construction areas and fuel demand, the framework quantifies relevant indicators and establishes a comprehensive index system for site selection. A multi-objective optimization model employing genetic algorithms was utilized to maximize fuel demand coverage, minimize inter-station redundancy, and achieve optimal site coverage. This framework was applied to the central urban area of Lishui City, China, as a case study. The site selection schemes achieved a coverage rate exceeding 90%, an inter-station redundancy rate around 30%, and a demand coverage rate surpassing 90%, optimizing the key objectives. Compared to traditional methods that often ignore territorial spatial planning constraints, this framework effectively avoids conflicts with urban planning and regulatory requirements. It enhances infrastructure coordination, supports environmental sustainability, and exhibits strong adaptability to diverse urban contexts, thus offering valuable support for practical decision-making.
Special Issue “Advances in Molecular Research on Autoimmune Diseases”
Authors: Cossu Davide
Published: October 2024

Autoimmune diseases represent a diverse array of disorders in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells and tissues [...]
Super-Resolution Microscopy as a Versatile Tool in Probing Molecular Assembly
Authors: Sun Nan , Bai Shiwei , Dai Luru , Jia Yi
Published: October 2024

Molecular assembly is promising in the construction of advanced materials, obtaining structures with specific functions. In-depth investigation of the relationships between the formation, dynamics, structure, and functionality of the specific molecular assemblies is one of the greatest challenges in nanotechnology and chemistry, which is essential in the rational design and development of functional materials for a variety of applications. Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has been used as a versatile tool for investigating and elucidating the structures of individual molecular assemblies with its nanometric resolution, multicolor ability, and minimal invasiveness, which are also complementary to conventional optical or electronic techniques that provide the direct observation. In this review, we will provide an overview of the representative studies that utilize SRM to probe molecular assemblies, mainly focusing on the imaging of biomolecular assemblies (lipid-based, peptide-based, protein-based, and DNA-based), organic–inorganic hybrid assemblies, and polymer assemblies. This review will provide guidelines for the evaluation of the dynamics of molecular assemblies, assembly and disassembly processes with distinct dynamic behaviors, and multicomponent assembly through the application of these advanced imaging techniques. We believe that this review will inspire new ideas and propel the development of structural analyses of molecular assemblies to promote the exploitation of new-generation functional materials.
NRF2 Modulators of Plant Origin and Their Ability to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Cancers
Authors: Wadowski Piotr , Juszczak Michał , Woźniak Katarzyna
Published: October 2024

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death in the world. Despite the fact that there are many types of therapies available, cancer treatment remains a major challenge. The main reason for the ineffectiveness of chemotherapy is the acquisition of multidrug resistance (MDR) by cancer cells. One of the factors responsible for the acquisition of MDR is the NRF2 transcription factor, which regulates the expression of proteins such as HO-1, NQO1, MRP1, MRP2, and GST. In normal cells, NRF2 is the first line of defense against oxidative stress, thereby preventing carcinogenesis. Still, its hyperactivation in cancer cells causes them to acquire MDR, which significantly reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Considering the important role NRF2 plays in the acquisition of MDR, its modulators and, above all, inhibitors are being sought after, including among compounds of plant origin. NRF2 inhibition may prove to be a key element of anticancer therapy. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about plant NRF2 inhibitors and presents the effects of their use in overcoming MDR in cancer.
Phosphatidylcholine Transfer Protein OsPCTP Interacts with Ascorbate Peroxidase OsAPX8 to Regulate Bacterial Blight Resistance in Rice
Authors: Gong Rong , Cao Huasheng , Pan Yangyang , Liu Wei , Wang Zhidong , Chen Yibo , Li Hong , Zhao Lei , Huang Daoqiang
Published: October 2024

Rice phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PCTP), which contains a steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer (START) domain, responds to bacterial blight disease. Overexpression of OsPCTP quantitatively enhances resistance to pathogen in rice, whereas depletion of it has the opposite effect. Further analysis showed that OsPCTP physically interacts with OsAPX8, a ROS scavenging enzyme, and influences ascorbate peroxidase enzymatic activity in vivo. In addition, the expression of pathogenesis-related genes PR1a, PR1b and PR10 were significantly induced in OsPCTP-OE plants compared with that in wild-type plants ZH11. Taken together, these results suggested that OsPCTP mediates bacterial blight resistance in rice through regulating the ROS defense pathway.
Targeting Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenases to Enhance Temozolomide Therapy in Glioblastoma
Authors: Jiménez Rafael , Constantinescu Andrada , Yazir Muhube , Alfonso-Triguero Paula , Pequerul Raquel , Parés Xavier , Pérez-Alea Mileidys , Candiota Ana Paula , Farrés Jaume , Lorenzo Julia
Published: October 2024

Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive malignant central nervous system tumor that is currently incurable. One of the main pitfalls of GB treatment is resistance to the chemotherapeutic standard of care, temozolomide (TMZ). The role of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) in the glioma stem cell (GSC) subpopulation has been related to chemoresistance. ALDHs take part in processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, invasiveness or metastasis and have been studied as pharmacological targets in cancer treatment. In the present work, three novel α,β-acetylenic amino thiolester compounds, with demonstrated efficacy as ALDH inhibitors, were tested in vitro on a panel of six human GB cell lines and one murine GB cell line. Firstly, the expression of the ALDH1A isoforms was assessed, and then inhibitors were tested for their cytotoxicity and their ability to inhibit cellular ALDH activity. Drug combination assays with TMZ were performed, as well as an assessment of the cell death mechanism and generation of ROS. A knockout of several ALDH genes was carried out in one of the human GB cell lines, allowing us to discuss their role in cell proliferation, migration capacity and resistance to treatment. Our results strongly suggest that ALDH inhibitors could be an interesting approach in the treatment of GB, with EC50 values in the order of micromolar, decreasing ALDH activity in GB cell lines to 40–50%.
Genetic Diversity and Association Analysis of Traits Related to Water-Use Efficiency and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency of Populus deltoides Based on SSR Markers
Authors: Gao Chengcheng , Chen Cun , Liu Ning , Liu Fenfen , Su Xiaohua , Liu Chenggong , Huang Qinjun
Published: October 2024

Populus deltoides is one of the primary tree species for bioenergy production in temperate regions. In arid/semi-arid northern China, the scarcity of water and nitrogen significantly limits the productivity of poplar plantations. The identification of relevant molecular markers can promote the breeding of resource-efficient varieties. In this study, 188 genotypes of P. deltoides from six provenances served as experimental material. Genetic differentiation analysis, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering, and genetic structure analysis were performed using selected simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Based on these analyses, the association analysis of water-use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) were conducted using general linear model (GLM) and mixed linear model (MLM) approaches. The results showed that 15 pairs of SSR primers successfully amplified across all 188 individuals, with an average of 7.33 alleles (Na) observed per primer pair. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.060 to 0.897, with an average of 0.544, indicating high genetic diversity in the selected markers. The average inbreeding coefficient intra-population (Fis), inbreeding coefficient inter-population (Fit), and inter-population genetic fraction coefficient (Fst) values were 0.005, 0.135, and 0.132, respectively, indicating high heterozygosity, substantial inbreeding within populations, and moderate genetic differentiation, with an average gene flow (Nm) of 1.964, suggesting substantial gene flow between populations. Additionally, molecular variance was primarily within individuals (84.12%). Genetic structure analysis revealed four subgroups, with some degree of genetic admixture among the provenances. In the GLM model, 11 markers were significantly associated with five traits (p < 0.05), with an average contribution rate of 15.82%. Notably, SSR132 and SSR143 were significantly associated with multiple traits (p < 0.05). The MLM model identified two markers (SSR47 and SSR85) significantly associated with ground diameter (p < 0.05) and one marker (SSR80) significantly associated with NUE (p < 0.05). This study identifies loci associated with WUE and NUE, laying a foundation for future genetic improvement and marker-assisted breeding strategies in poplar.
Genetic Associations of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1-Related miRNA Variants with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ha Yong Hyun , Sung Jung Hoon , Ryu Chang Soo , Ko Eun Ju , Park Hyeon Woo , Park Han Sung , Kim Ok Joon , Kim In Jai , Kim Nam Keun
Published: October 2024

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common types of cardiovascular disease and can lead to a heart attack as plaque gradually builds up inside the coronary arteries, blocking blood flow. Previous studies have shown that polymorphisms in the PAI-1 gene are associated with CAD; however, studies of the PAI-1 3′-untranslated region, containing a miRNA binding site, and the miRNAs that interact with it, are insufficient. To investigate the association between miRNA polymorphisms and CAD in the Korean population based on post-transcriptional regulation, we genotyped five polymorphisms in four miRNAs targeting the 3′-untranslated region of PAI-1 using real-time PCR and TaqMan assays. We found that the mutant genotype of miR-30c rs928508 A > G was strongly associated with increased CAD susceptibility. In a genotype combination analysis, the combination of the homozygous mutant genotype (GG) of miR-30c rs928508 with the wild-type genotype (GG) of miR-143 rs41291957 resulted in increased risk for CAD. Also, in an allele combination analysis, the combination of the mutant allele (G) of miR-30c rs928508 and the wild-type allele (G) of miR-143 rs41291957 resulted in increased risk for CAD. Furthermore, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus showed synergistic effects on CAD risk when combined with miR-30c rs928508. These results can be applied to identify CAD prognostic biomarkers among miRNA polymorphisms and various clinical factors.
Synthetic Flavonoid 3,7-Dihydroxy-Isoflav-3-Ene (DHIF) Reduces In-Stent Restenosis in an Atherosclerotic Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbit Stent Model
Authors: Hytönen Jarkko P. , Leppänen Olli , Taavitsainen Jouni , Ylä-Herttuala Seppo
Published: October 2024

Inflammation is a major component of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and the formation of in-stent restenosis (ISR). A novel flavonoid, DHIF, attenuates reactive oxygen species and nf-κB signaling and has potential to limit ISR via antioxidant action. While current drug eluting stents (DESs) perform well in clinical practice, new therapies to prevent ISR without dependance on cytotoxic drugs are warranted. Our objective was to test whether DHIF reduces ISR in a hyperlipidemic rabbit aorta model of ISR via attenuated inflammatory responses. WHHL rabbit aortas (n = 24) were denuded. Six weeks after injury, stents were implanted into the denuded aortas. DHIF was dissolved in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and administered orally with two doses. CMC served as a control. The animals were sacrificed six weeks after stenting. ISR was evaluated from stent histomorphometry and immunohistology was used to assess the inflammatory and antiproliferative effects of the treatment. ISR was reduced from 20.9 ± 3.0% in controls to 15.2 ± 2.4% (p = 0.0009) and 16.4 ± 2.1% (p = 0.004) in the low- and high-dose groups, respectively. The neointimal area covered by macrophages was 32 ± 9.3% in the controls, 17.2 ± 5.9% (p = 0.005) in the low-dose group and 19.4 ± 7.9% (p = 0.008) in the high-dose group. DHIF significantly reduces ISR and local inflammation in stented arterial regions and could be used to reduce ISR when bare metal stents are used. Targeting local inflammation in the arterial wall may provide a way to reduce ISR in a clinical setting and further studies are warranted.
Investigating the Biological Efficacy of Albumin-Enriched Platelet-Rich Fibrin (Alb-PRF): A Study on Cytokine Dynamics and Osteoblast Behavior
Authors: Lourenço Emanuelle Stellet , Rocha Neilane Rodrigues Santiago , de Lima Barbosa Renata , Mello-Machado Rafael Coutinho , de Souza Lima Victor Hugo , Leite Paulo Emilio Correa , Pereira Mariana Rodrigues , Casado Priscila Ladeira , Kawase Tomoyuki , Mourão Carlos Fernando , Alves Gutemberg Gomes
Published: October 2024

The development of effective biomaterials for tissue regeneration has led to the exploration of blood derivatives such as leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF). A novel variant, Albumin-Enriched Platelet-Rich Fibrin (Alb-PRF), has been introduced to improve structural stability and bioactivity, making it a promising candidate for bone regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate Alb-PRF’s capacity for cytokine and growth factor release, along with its effects on the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of human osteoblasts in vitro. Alb-PRF membranes were analyzed using histological, scanning electron microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy techniques. Cytokine and growth factor release was quantified over seven days, and osteoinductive potential was evaluated with MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. Structural analysis showed Alb-PRF as a biphasic, highly cellularized material that releases lower levels of inflammatory cytokines and higher concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) compared to L-PRF. Alb-PRF exhibited higher early alkaline phosphatase activity and in vitro mineralization (p < 0.05) and significantly increased the OPG/RANKL mRNA ratio (p < 0.05). These results indicate that Alb-PRF has promising potential as a scaffold for bone repair, warranting further in vivo and clinical assessments to confirm its suitability for clinical applications.
GM1 Oligosaccharide Ameliorates Rett Syndrome Phenotypes In Vitro and In Vivo via Trk Receptor Activation
Authors: Fazzari Maria , Lunghi Giulia , Carsana Emma Veronica , Valsecchi Manuela , Spiombi Eleonora , Breccia Martina , Casati Silvia Rosanna , Pedretti Silvia , Mitro Nico , Mauri Laura , Ciampa Maria Grazia , Sonnino Sandro , Landsberger Nicoletta , Frasca Angelisa , Chiricozzi Elena
Published: October 2024

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder primarily caused by mutations in the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. Despite advancements in research, no cure exists due to an incomplete understanding of the molecular effects of MeCP2 deficiency. Previous studies have identified impaired tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) neurotrophin (NTP) signaling and mitochondrial redox imbalances as key drivers of the pathology. Moreover, altered glycosphingolipid metabolism has been reported in RTT. GM1 ganglioside is a known regulator of the nervous system, and growing evidence indicates its importance in maintaining neuronal homeostasis via its oligosaccharide chain, coded as GM1-OS. GM1-OS directly interacts with the Trk receptors on the cell surface, triggering neurotrophic and neuroprotective pathways in neurons. In this study, we demonstrate that GM1-OS ameliorates RTT deficits in the Mecp2-null model. GM1-OS restored synaptogenesis and reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress of Mecp2-knock-out (ko) cortical neurons. When administered in vivo, GM1-OS mitigated RTT-like symptoms. Our findings indicate that GM1-OS effects were mediated by Trk receptor activation on the neuron’s plasma membrane. Overall, our results highlight GM1-OS as a promising candidate for RTT treatment.
Advancing Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Hegazi Ahmad , Rager Lauren Elizabeth , Watkins Dean Edward , Su Kuo-Hui
Published: October 2024

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the deadliest malignancies, with a consistently low five-year survival rate for the past several decades. This is in stark contrast to other cancers, which have seen significant improvement in survival and prognosis due to recent developments in therapeutic modalities. These modest improvements in pancreatic cancer outcomes have primarily resulted from minor advances in cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, with limited progress in other treatment approaches. A major focus of current therapeutic research is the further development of immunomodulatory therapies characterized by antibody-based approaches, cellular therapies, and vaccines. Although initial results utilizing immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer have been mixed, recent clinical trials have demonstrated significant improvements in patient outcomes. In this review, we detail these three approaches to immunomodulation, highlighting their common targets and distinct shortcomings, and we provide a narrative summary of completed and ongoing clinical trials that utilize these approaches to immunomodulation. Within this context, we aim to inform future research efforts by identifying promising areas that warrant further exploration.
Exploring the Plastic Surgery Related Experiences, Needs, Confidence and Knowledge Gaps of Foundation Year Doctors
Authors: Gili Natalia
Published: October 2024

Plastic surgery is a diverse speciality relevant to non-plastic doctors, as plastic surgeons frequently collaborate with other specialities and its basic principles are transferable across multiple specialities. Foundation-year (FY) doctors are the most junior doctors in the workforce and may need to apply plastic surgery knowledge and principles during their clinical duties. Despite this, formal plastic surgery education for junior doctors is limited, resulting in an educational gap. This study gains insight into the perceived confidence, knowledge gaps, skills, educational activities and needs related to plastic surgery. This qualitative study uses phenomenology through semi-structured individual interviews with eight FY doctors. Data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. This study revealed that plastic surgery features diversely in the work life of FYs, who often manage patients with a lack of knowledge and confidence, influencing patient care and FY wellbeing. FYs primarily acquire knowledge and confidence through experiential learning and individual initiative. A need for curriculum improvements was expressed. FYs are an essential part of the workforce who exhibited educational gaps and a lack of confidence in plastic surgery knowledge. We suggest improved integration of plastic surgery into the FY curriculum for improved FY knowledge and patient care.
On a Simplified Approach to Achieve Parallel Performance and Portability Across CPU and GPU Architectures
Authors: Morgan Nathaniel , Yenusah Caleb , Diaz Adrian , Dunning Daniel , Moore Jacob , Heilman Erin , Roth Calvin , Lieberman Evan , Walton Steven , Brown Sarah , Holladay Daniel , Knezevic Marko , Whetstone Gavin , Baker Zachary , Robey Robert
Published: October 2024

This paper presents software advances to easily exploit computer architectures consisting of a multi-core CPU and CPU+GPU to accelerate diverse types of high-performance computing (HPC) applications using a single code implementation. The paper describes and demonstrates the performance of the open-source C++ matrix and array (MATAR) library that uniquely offers: (1) a straightforward syntax for programming productivity, (2) usable data structures for data-oriented programming (DOP) for performance, and (3) a simple interface to the open-source C++ Kokkos library for portability and memory management across CPUs and GPUs. The portability across architectures with a single code implementation is achieved by automatically switching between diverse fine-grained parallelism backends (e.g., CUDA, HIP, OpenMP, pthreads, etc.) at compile time. The MATAR library solves many longstanding challenges associated with easily writing software that can run in parallel on any computer architecture. This work benefits projects seeking to write new C++ codes while also addressing the challenges of quickly making existing Fortran codes performant and portable over modern computer architectures with minimal syntactical changes from Fortran to C++. We demonstrate the feasibility of readily writing new C++ codes and modernizing existing codes with MATAR to be performant, parallel, and portable across diverse computer architectures.
Benchmarking In-Sensor Machine Learning Computing: An Extension to the MLCommons-Tiny Suite
Authors: Aymone Fabrizio Maria , Pau Danilo Pietro
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a new benchmark specifically designed for in-sensor digital machine learning computing to meet an ultra-low embedded memory requirement. With the exponential growth of edge devices, efficient local processing is essential to mitigate economic costs, latency, and privacy concerns associated with the centralized cloud processing. Emerging intelligent sensors equipped with computing assets to run neural network inferences and embedded in the same package, which hosts the sensing elements, present new challenges due to their limited memory resources and computational skills. This benchmark evaluates models trained with Quantization Aware Training (QAT) and compares their performance with Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) across three use cases: Human Activity Recognition (HAR) by means of the SHL dataset, Physical Activity Monitoring (PAM) by means of the PAMAP2 dataset, and superficial electromyography (sEMG) regression with the NINAPRO DB8 dataset. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of QAT over PTQ in most scenarios, highlighting the potential for deploying advanced AI models on highly resource-constrained sensors. The INT8 versions of the models always outperformed their FP32, regarding memory and latency reductions, except for the activations for CNN. The CNN model exhibited reduced memory usage and latency with respect to its Dense counterpart, allowing it to meet the stringent 8KiB data RAM and 32 KiB program RAM limits of the ISPU. The TCN model proved to be too large to fit within the memory constraints of the ISPU, primarily due to its greater capacity in terms of number of parameters, designed for processing more complex signals like EMG. This benchmark aims to guide the development of efficient AI solutions for In-Sensor Machine Learning Computing, fostering innovation in the field of Edge AI benchmarking, such as the one conducted by the MLCommons-Tiny working group.
Investigation of the Influence of Spoiler and Maintenance Track on Second-Order Heaving Vortex-Induced Vibration
Authors: Wang Feng , Luo Jiqing , Xu Shuohua , Li Peisen , Dang Jiamin , Gao Guangzhong , Wang Jiaying , Li Haodao
Published: October 2024

To improve the guidance for the wind tunnel test, this study initially conducted thorough research on the wind environment at a coastal bridge site to ascertain the characteristics of the wind parameters varying along the bridge span. Subsequently, the measured results were utilized to steer wind tunnel test research, focusing on analyzing the influence of the spoiler and maintenance track on the second-order heaving vortex-induced vibration of the flat steel box girder. This investigation uncovered two distinct distributions in the angle of attack along the span: bimodal distribution and asymmetric unimodal distribution. The angle of attack of the incoming flow was primarily concentrated within ±5°. Both the two-side and the windward spoiler were found to exert similar effects on the second-order heaving vortex-induced vibration, primarily impacting the second lock-in region. Furthermore, the outer maintenance track could effectively suppress the vortex-induced vibration, while the spacing of the inner maintenance track significantly affected the vortex-induced vibration at high wind speeds.