bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An innovation-based cycle-slip, multipath estimation, detection and mitigation method for tightly coupled GNSS/INS/Vision navigation in urban areas
Authors: Xu Bo , Zhang Shoujian , Wang Jingrong , Li Jiancheng
Published: January 2024

Accurate, continuous and reliable positioning is crucial in various applications. The multi-sensor fusion technique, for example, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/Inertial navigation system (INS)/Vision integration system, which leverages the strengths of different sensors to achieve high precision positioning services, has been widely applied in mass-market, which could provide global positioning information, is indispensable in localization with multi-sensor fusion. Nevertheless, the positioning performance of GNSS degrades in urban areas due to the frequent signal deteriorating and blocking, which further has a negative effect on the multi-sensor integration positioning. To alleviate the impact of multipath effects and cycle slips on positioning caused by obstructions in urban situations, we propose an innovation-based cycle slip/multipath estimation, detection and mitigation (I-EDM) method for GNSS pseudorange and carrier phase observations. The method obtains the innovations of GNSS observations with cluster analysis method, and then the innovations are used to detect the cycle slips and multipath. Compared with the residual-based preprocessing method, the innovation-based method avoids the residual overfitting caused by the least square method, resulting in better detection of outliers within the observations. The proposed method is validated by the vehicle experiments conducted in urban areas. Experimental results indicates that the accuracy of 0.23, 0.11, 0.31 m in the east, north and up components can be achieved by the GNSS/INS/Vision integration system with I-EDM method, which has a maximum of 21.6% improvement compared with that with residual-based EDM (R-EDM) method.
A novel mutation in the FLCN gene in a chinese family with Birt-Hogg-Dubé(BHD) syndrome
Authors: Miao He , Zhou Yulin , Ge Silun , Gu Yufeng , Qu Le , Zhou Wenquan , He Haowei
Published: January 2024

Background
Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHDS) is an autosomal dominant inherited syndrome caused by folliculin (FLCN) mutation, and FLCN is identified as a tumor suppressor gene. The main objective of this study was to identify disease-causing mutations in a Chinese family affected with BHDS.
Methods
A chinese proband was diagnosed with BHDS for renal tumors, a novel variant in the FLCN gene was identified by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Sanger sequencing was conducted on blood samples from family members to validate the presence of this mutation.
Results
A novel germline frameshift variant (NM_144997.5:c.977dup) was detected in affected family members. Additionally, a somatic frameshift mutation (NM_144997.5:c.1252del) was also detected in the renal tumors of the proband. No mutation was detected in unaffected family members. The mutation seems to be more likely to develop BHDS-associated renal tumors.
Conclusions
A novel mutation was detected in the FLCN gene. It expands the spectrum of FLCN mutations, provides insights into genotype-phenotype correlations of BHDS and a basis for the diagnosis value of testing for FLCN mutations in patients with suspected BHDS.
Impact of model resolution on the response of Arctic hydrological cycle to climate warming
Authors: Ridley Jeff , Blockley Edward
Published: January 2024

The Arctic hydrological cycle is amplified due to sea ice decline, which can influence warming and precipitation over land. However, the response of the terrestrial hydrological cycle, in climate models, to Arctic warming may be dependent on model spatial resolution. Two spatial resolutions of the same CMIP6 physical climate model, HadGEM3-GC3.1, show that the hydrological storage terms and precipitation behave identically with warming. The exception is snow volume which declines faster at low spatial resolution. Surface elevations are smoothed for low resolution, with the result that orographically induced precipitation is lower than at higher resolution. As a consequence, low resolution models will likely overestimate the rate of snow decline with warming compared with higher resolution models. Thus, caution is advised when using low resolution climate models for regional snow impact studies, and with mixed resolution models for climate model inter-comparisons,
Klein-Gordon potentials solvable in terms of the general Heun func
Authors: Ishkhanyan Artur , Krainov Vladimir
Published: January 2024

We study the potentials for which the one-dimensional stationary Klein-Gordon equation can be solved in terms of the general Heun function, a special function of the new generation that generalizes the ordinary hypergeometric function. We reveal that, under the assumption of independent variability of all potential parameters, there are only 35 possible forms of the independent variable transformation that allow reduction of the Klein-Gordon equation to the general Heun equation, each of these transformations generating an unconditionally exactly solvable potential. Due to the symmetry of the Heun equation with respect to the transposition of its singularities, only 11 out of 35 admissible potentials are independent; the others can be derived from these 11 by specifying the involved parameters to particular (real or complex) values. Since one of these latter potentials is a constant, there are just 10 nontrivial independent potentials. Four of these potentials are six-parametric; the other six are five-parametric. Four of the potentials possess ordinary hypergeometric sub-potentials. We present explicit solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation using the general Heun functions for these 10 independent potentials, and provide a comprehensive representation of the involved parameters.
PACS numbers: 03.65.Ge: Solutions of wave equations: bound states, 03.65.Pm: Relativistic wave equations, 02.30.Ik Integrable systems, 02.30.Gp: Special functions
Near surface oxidation of elemental mercury explains high mercury levels in the Arctic Ocean biota
Authors: Kwon Sae Yun , Lim Seung Hyeon , Kim Younggwang , Motta Laura , Yang Eun Jin , Rhee Tae Siek , Hong Jong , Han Seunghee
Published: January 2024

It has been well-established that mercury oxidized (Hg2+) in the atmosphere and those exported from rivers are the main sources to the open ocean waters and biota. A recent modelled result of gaseous elemental Hg (Hg0) invasion into the Arctic Ocean seawater raises ecological concern, given the prevalence of Hg0 driven by long-range transport and surface re-emissions. We measured Hg isotope ratios in zooplankton, Arctic cod, and in samples of total gaseous Hg, sediment, seawater, snowpack in the Bering Strait, Chukchi Sea, and the Beaufort Sea. The Δ200Hg, used to differentiate between Hg0 and Hg2+, show, on average, 70% of Hg0 in all sampled biota and environmental matrices, except for the seawater (Hg2+). This is intriguing given that plankton cells cannot passively uptake Hg0. We show that this isotopic pattern can only be explained by near-surface Hg0 oxidation via terrestrial vegetation and coastally evaded halogen and sea salt aerosols, which preserve near-zero Δ200Hg of Hg0 upon oxidation. Our results contrast positive Δ200Hg anomalies reported from mid-latitude oceans, where upper atmospheric oxidation supplies the majority of bioavailable Hg2+. Our study highlights the importance of near-surface Hg0 oxidation to explain the high Hg levels reported in the Arctic Ocean biota.
Novel applications of Convolutional Neural Networks in the age of Transformers
Authors: Ersavas Tansel , Smith Martin A. , Mattick John S.
Published: January 2024

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been central to the Deep Learning revolution and played a key role in initiating the new age of Artificial Intelligence. However, in recent years newer architectures such as Transformers have dominated both research and practical applications. While CNNs still play critical roles in many of the newer developments such as Generative AI, they are far from being thoroughly understood and utilised to their full potential. Here we show that CNNs can recognise patterns in images with scattered pixels and can be used to analyse complex datasets by transforming them into pseudo images in a standardised way for any high dimensional dataset, representing a major advance in the application of CNNs to datasets such as in molecular biology, text, and speech. We introduce a simple approach called DeepMapping, which allows analysis of very high dimensional datasets without intermediate filtering and dimension reduction, thus preserving the full texture of the data, enabling the ability to detect small perturbations. We also demonstrate that DeepMapper is superior in speed and on par in accuracy to prior work in processing large datasets with large numbers of features.
VRainSUD: Content validation of a Cognitive Training Program using the Delphi Method
Authors: Caetano Tânia , Pinho Maria Salomé , Freire Hugo , Mota Dany , Ramadas Eduardo , Lopes Jessica , Dixe Maris dos Anjos
Published: January 2024

Substance abuse has undeniable effects on a number of cognitive dimensions, namely memory and executive functioning. In turn, deficits in these dimensions have been associated with poorer treatment outcomes for Substance Use Disorders (SUD). The main goal of this study was to validate VRainSUD, a cognitive training program composed of a virtual reality platform and a mobile follow-up application that proposes to reduce cognitive deficits in individuals with SUD. The Delphi method was used to reach a consensus on each of the program’s characteristics (e.g., structure, cognitive training tasks). A panel of experts was invited to participate in the content validation by answering two rounds of questions (scale and free-text boxes) regarding the program. Changes were made between the rounds according to the results of the first round. The consensus was defined as at least 70% of the experts agreeing on the validity of a characteristic. From 39 invited experts, 11 completed the first round, and 6 completed both rounds. The structure of the program reached a consensus on the first round, along with most tasks (with the exception of two mobile application tasks). Significant changes were made following the feedback received, namely turning the program personalizable, and adding positive feedback to the tasks in order to improve adherence and engagement. The Delphi method was a valuable tool to improve VRainSUD. The experts’ opinions not only allowed for the validation of main features, but also informed important additional changes.
Analysis of Endophytic Bacterial Diversity in Seeds of Different Genotypes of Cotton and the Suppression of Verticillium Wilt Pathogen Infection by a Synthetic Microbial Community
Authors: Wu Chong-Die , Fan Yong-Bin , Chen Xue , Cao Jiang-Wei , Ye Jing-Yi , Feng Meng-Lei , Liu Xing-Xing , Sun Wen-Jing , Liu Rui-Na , Wang Ai-Ying
Published: January 2024

Background In agricultural production, fungal diseases significantly impact the yield and quality of cotton (Gossypium spp.) with Verticillium wilt posing a particularly severe threat.
Results This study is focused on investigating the effectiveness of endophytic microbial communities present in the seeds of disease-resistant cotton genotypes in the control of cotton Verticillium wilt. The technique of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing identified a significant enrichment of the Bacillus genus in the resistant genotype Xinluzao 78, which differed from the endophytic bacterial community structure in the susceptible genotype Xinluzao 63. Specific enriched strains were isolated and screened from the seeds of Xinluzao 78 to further explore the biological functions of seed endophytes. A synthetic microbial community (SynCom) was constructed using the broken-rod model, and seeds of the susceptible genotype Xinluzao 63 in this community that had been soaked with the SynCom were found to significantly control the occurrence of Verticillium wilt and regulate the growth of cotton plants. Antibiotic screening techniques were used to preliminarily identify the colonization of strains in the community. These techniques revealed that the strains can colonize plant tissues and occupy ecological niches in cotton tissues through a priority effect, which prevents infection by pathogens.
Conclusion This study highlights the key role of seed endophytes in driving plant disease defense and provides a theoretical basis for the future application of SynComs in agriculture.
Appropriateness of recommendations for surveillance colonoscopy after polypectomy – a comparison of adherence to the 2012 and 2020 USMSTF guidelines
Authors: Idouchi Kacey , Gregoski Mathew J. , Rockey Don C.
Published: January 2024

Background
Screening colonoscopy detects precancerous polyps, which when resected, prevents colon cancer. Recommendations for surveillance colonoscopy after polypectomy are based on the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force guidelines (USMSTF).
Aim
to examine provider recommendations based on 2012 and 2020 USMSTF guidelines.
Methods
A prospective analysis was performed to examine provider recommendations for index screening and surveillance colonoscopy from March 2022 to January 2023. Procedures with unknown histology or unsatisfactory bowel preparation were excluded. We recorded polyp morphology, histology, and subsequent recommendations made by endoscopists, to compare to the USMSTF guidelines.
Results
241 patients were included, with 371 endoscopies reviewed. For index screening colonoscopies, 86%, performed between 2012 and 2020, adhered to 2012 guidelines, while 71%, performed after 2020, adhered to the 2020 guidelines. For surveillance colonoscopies, 62% from 2012 and 2020, and 50% after 2020, adhered to the 2012 and 2020 guidelines, respectively (P < 0.001). For polyp types, recommendations after index colonoscopies showed low-risk adenoma (LRA) had 88% adherence to 2012 guidelines versus 73% adherence to 2020 guidelines. For surveillance colonoscopies, LRA had 73% adherence to 2012 guidelines versus 42% adherence to 2020 guidelines (P < 0.001). Recommendations after index colonoscopy showed high-risk adenoma (HRA) had 79% adherence to 2012 guidelines versus 63% adherence to 2020 guidelines. For surveillance colonoscopies, HRA had 88% adherence to the 2012 guidelines versus 69% adherence to 2020 guidelines (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Adherence declined for the introduction of 2020 guidelines and was poorer after 2nd surveillance exams. Increasing the evidence for interval recommendations may increase guideline adherence.
Follicular metabolic alterations are associated with obesity in mares and can be mitigated by dietary supplementation
Authors: Catandi Giovana D , Fresa Kyle J , Cheng Ming-Hao , Whitcomb Luke A , Broeckling Corey D , Chen Thomas W , Chicco Adam J , Carnevale Elaine M
Published: January 2024

Obesity is a growing concern in human and equine populations, predisposing to metabolic pathologies and reproductive disturbances. Cellular lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction play an important role in the pathologic consequences of obesity, which may be mitigated by dietary interventions targeting these processes. We hypothesized that obesity in the mare promotes follicular lipid accumulation and altered mitochondrial function of oocytes and granulosa cells, potentially contributing to impaired fertility in this population. We also predicted that these effects could be mitigated by dietary supplementation with a combination of targeted nutrients to improve follicular cell metabolism. Twenty mares were grouped as: Normal Weight (NW, n = 6, BCS 5.7±0.3), Obese (OB, n = 7, BCS 7.7±0.2), and Obese Diet Supplemented (OBD, n = 7, BCS 7.7±0.2), and fed specific feed regimens for ≥ 6 weeks before sampling. Granulosa cells, follicular fluid, and cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected from follicles ≥ 35 mm during estrus and after induction of maturation. Obesity promoted several mitochondrial metabolic disturbances in granulosa cells, reduced L-carnitine availability in the follicle, promoted lipid accumulation in cumulus cells and oocytes, and increased basal oocyte metabolism. Diet supplementation of a complex nutrient mixture mitigated most of the metabolic changes in the follicles of obese mares, resulting in parameters similar to NW mares. In conclusion, obesity disturbs the equine ovarian follicle by promoting lipid accumulation and altering mitochondrial function. These effects may be partially mitigated with targeted nutritional intervention, thereby potentially improving fertility outcomes in the obese female.
Applying Multimodal Data Fusion based on Deep Learning Methods for the Diagnosis of Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Minyilu Yohannes , Abebe Mohammed , Meshesha Million
Published: January 2024

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are the most prevalent diseases worldwide, affecting one-tenth of the world population. Although there are multiple approaches to diagnosing these diseases, using skin manifestations and lesions caused as a result of these diseases along with other medical records is the preferred method. This fact triggers the need to explore and implement a deep learning-based diagnostic model using multimodal data fusion (MMDF) techniques to enhance the diagnostic process. This paper, thus, endeavors to present a thorough systematic review of studies regarding the implementation of MMDF techniques for the diagnosis of skin-related NTDs. To achieve its objective, the study used the PRISMA method based on predefined questions and collected 427 articles from seven major and reputed sources and critically appraised each article. Since no previous studies were found regarding the implementation of MMDF for the diagnoses of skin related NTDs, similar studies using MMDF for the diagnoses of other skin diseases, such as skin cancer, were collected and analyzed in this review to extract information about the implementation of these methods. In doing so, various studies are analyzed using six different parameters, including research approaches, disease selected for diagnosis, dataset, algorithms, performance achievements, and future directions. Accordingly, although all the studies used diverse research methods and datasets based on their problems, deep learning-based convolutional neural networks (CNN) algorithms are found to be the most frequently used and best-performing models in all the studies reviewed.
Evaluation of two stable internal fixation techniques in mandibular ramus sagittal osteotomy: a three-dimensional finite element study
Authors: Silva Kaline de Moura , Machado Leonardo Mendes Ribeiro , Leite Milena Gomes Melo , Noritomi Pedro Yoshito , de Jesus Giorge Pessoa , de Moura Andrezza Lauria
Published: January 2024

Purpose
To evaluate and compare, using finite elements three-dimensional (3D) analysis, two techniques of stable internal fixation in 2 patterns of sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) and the repercussions of occlusal load distribution in the postoperative period.
Methods
A 3D finite element model of a hemimandible was created. The models were divided into 2 split patterns of SSRO advanced 5 mm forward, a split pattern (1) following the Epker osteotomy design and another split pattern (2) following Posnick osteotomy design, simulated by CAD (Computer Aided Engineering) Rhinoceros 3D®. Two internal fixation techniques were simulated by HyperMesh: A – one titanium miniplate of the Arnett system (1mm) for orthognathic surgery fixed with four monocortical screws; B – one titanium plate fixed with four monocortical screws and one bicortical screw. Resistance, stress and displacement were analyzed applying a 200N vertical load to the occlusal surface region of the mandibular first molar and a 100N to the incisal surface of the mandibular central incisor.
Results
The results were presented through the von Mises stress analysis. A difference in the displacement of the models fixed with only one miniplate and four monocortical screws was observed. The models with split pattern (2) presented smaller displacements when compared to the split pattern (1). For metallic components, the split pattern (2) exhibits lower strain values, although it has no significant difference.
Conclusion
The fixation technique B proved to be more rigid and lower stress values both in the bone and in the plate, as well as lower deformation and displacements were showed in comparison to fixation technique A for all mandibular movements and forces.
How do Nigerian women construct the patterns of meaning of their identity and quality of life as breast cancer survivors? Illuminating Margaret Newman’s theory of health as expanding consciousness.
Authors: Nwozichi Chinomso , Ojewale Margaret Olutosin , Ogunmuyiwa Ayodeji Olubunmi , Olabode Opeoluwa Oluwatoyin , Salako Omolabake , Martins-Akinlose Oluwaseun Deborah
Published: January 2024

Purpose: This study was conducted to open up a dialogue between the voices of Nigerian female breast cancer survivors and the imperatives of Margaret Newman’s theory of health as expanding consciousness. Margaret Newman’s theory was used to describe the structure of the meaning of survivorship and quality of life for Nigerian female breast Cancer survivors.
Methods: A qualitative approach was used to interview 22 participants. Interviews of the participants were digitally audio-taped and then transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was conducted using NVivo 14 software. Data categories were reviewed and sorted to discover recurrent patterns within the data.
Results: Three core concepts surfaced: (1) encountering Selfhood-Otherhood in the survivorship journey, (2) Be-ing within the rhythms of change, and (3) Living out the paradox of order-disorder life patterns. Through conceptual integration, these concepts emerged as the paradoxical rhythm of living as a breast cancer survivor in unique ways.
Conclusions: This study enhances the knowledge of the quality of life, expands Newman’s theory of health as expanding consciousness, and demonstrates its value for uncovering the structure of the meaning of survivorship and lived experiences. Furthermore, this study provides insights for future nursing research and contributes to guiding nursing practice, living the art with more profound knowledge about breast cancer survivors living quality.
Implications for Cancer Survivors: We argue that greater attention is needed to the affective, temporal, and economic dimensions of breast cancer survivorship, where the nurses help the survivors to find meaning in their situation and their lives, having understood that Order and disorder in the human life experience are part of an expansion of consciousness. Breast cancer survivors need to be helped to recognize their own pattern of living and to exert their own strengths in finding meaningin their survivorship journey and their lives.
Intelligent prediction of dynamic characteristics during exercise in stroke patients
Authors: Zhang Nan , Meng QingHua , Bao ChunYu
Published: January 2024

Objective To use an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor instead of a 3D optical motion capture system to improve the accuracy of the PCA-BP (principal component analysis-back propagation) model and increase the model prediction task (hip, knee and ankle moment on the affected side of the stairs in stroke patients).Methods Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and Kistler force plates were used to collect kinematic and kinetic data of 30 stroke patients when walking, ascending and descending stairs. Opensim was used to calculate the hip, knee and ankle moment of stroke patients, and PCA was used to screen the initial variables with a cumulative contribution rate of 99%, and the standard root mean squared error (NRMSE), root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error were used error, MAPE) and mean absolute error (MAE) and R2 were used as the evaluation indexes of the PCA-BP model. Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was used to evaluate the consistency between the calculated and predicted moments.Results PCA data showed that the trunk, pelvis, hip, knee and ankle joints on the affected side had a significant effect on the moment of the hip, knee and ankle on the affected side in the x, y, and z axes (x, y, and z were the sagittal axis, coronal, and vertical axes, respectively). The NRMSE was 4.14%~5.26%, the RMSE was 0.132 ~ 0.194, the MAPE was 1.6%~2.9%, the MAE was 0.108 ~ 0.147, and the R2 was ≥ 0.99.Conclusion The established PCA-BP model can more accurately predict the hip, knee and ankle moment on the affected side of stroke patients, and the model can also accurately predict the hip, knee and ankle moment on the affected side when patients go up and down stairs, which significantly shortens the measurement time. In addition, in the gait analysis of stroke patients, the IMU sensor can replace the traditional 3D optical motion capture system, so that the patient is not limited by the laboratory environment, and the sports scientists and therapists are more convenient and concise in clinical treatment research.
Leveraging Distributed Detection and Semantic Characteristics for Advanced English Passage Evaluation: An AI-Powered Approach
Authors: Xu Weihong , Shang Yu , Chen Lina
Published: January 2024

Background
With the continuous development of artificial intelligence technology, the educational circles are gradually applying intelligent identification technology to the evaluation of English discourse. On the basis of semantic analysis of English passages, this paper adopts distributed detection technology based on semantic characteristics to construct an auxiliary evaluation system of English passages, so as to effectively improve the evaluation level of English texts.
Methods
Based on the information processing mode of English segment evaluation by manual identification, and combined with the intelligent evaluation expert system of English segments, the output semantic information analysis mode of English segment auxiliary evaluation is constructed, and English evaluation is carried out through the auxiliary evaluation of English segments, thus helping the accuracy of English evaluation.
Results
In order to improve the reading level of English discourse, a set of English discourse evaluation system is developed by using artificial intelligence technology.
Conclusions
This study's novelty becomes apparent through its convergence of contemporary pedagogical techniques and artificial intelligence to establish an immersive learning atmosphere, addressing a critical domain in present-day education. The findings reveal that learners utilizing the AI-powered instructional support system will demonstrate notably elevated levels of English language proficiency in contrast to those engaged in conventional English courses.
Prospects for Legal Evolution in Sports Contracts: An In-Depth Study
Authors: Singh Aryaman , Malik Khushboo
Published: January 2024

The article explores the dynamic landscape of sports law, synthesizing reform proposals, and regulatory recommendations, and anticipating future trends. It begins by advocating for the harmonization of international standards, especially in football, to address globalization challenges. The focus then shifts to the regulation of player contracts in Indian football and cricket leagues, emphasizing the need for standardized contracts, player unions, and collective bargaining frameworks. The article delves into the delicate balance between competitive interests and player rights, proposing mechanisms like salary caps and luxury taxes. Transparency and accountability in sports contracts are championed in the next section, promoting financial transparency, stronger player representation, and independent oversight. Legal mechanisms for dispute resolution in player contracts take center stage, emphasizing the efficiency of negotiation, mediation, and arbitration. Emerging trends in international player contracts are explored, including contract duration, release clauses, performance bonuses, and the impact of technology on decision-making. Anticipated changes in Indian sports leagues are discussed, predicting shifts in governance, revenue models, player contracts, transfers, and technological integration. The influence of technology on contractual practices is highlighted, focusing on data analytics, digital platforms, and sports technology. The article concludes by addressing the broader landscape of global sports, encompassing increased commercialization, labor mobility, revenue sharing, private investment, athlete health, and the pursuit of new audience and revenue pools. It underscores the need for adapting labor relations frameworks to accommodate evolving revenue models, mobility patterns, and safety considerations. In essence, the article provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities in sports law, offering insights into legal evolution and future trends in the international sports arena.
Radiological manifestations of thoracic tuberculosis, a study in Damascus Hospital
Authors: Kweider Minas , khattab Khalid , Bardan Housam
Published: January 2024

Objective: To review the radiological manifestations of thoracic tuberculosis.
Study design: A cross-sectional study in the period between January 1\1\2023 and January 1\1\2024.
Setting: Damascus (Al-Mujtahid) Hospital, Damascus, Syria
Patients: Eight hundred and fifty-nine patients had pulmonary tuberculosis.
Results: The ratio of males/females was approximately 2/1, the percentage of chronic cough producing phlegm was 87%, the percentage of positive tuberculin reaction test was 95%, the percentage of upper lobes being infected with tuberculosis was 86%, and the percentage of presence of angulation mark on CT and chest images (67%, 54%). ) respectively, and the sign of pleural effusion (85%, 60%) respectively, and pericardial effusion (15%, 35 respectively), the density of pleural fluid more than 20 units is the highest 65%, the percentage of presence of Conn's complex on the tomography is 95%, while The chest image was 77%, and the second stage cases represented 34%. The percentage of upper lobe involvement with primary tuberculosis was 85%. The percentage of nodular hyperplasia on the chest image was 77%, while on the axial tomography it was 98%. Nodules measuring 15-20 mm are the most common, and the percentage of nodules Hypodense phlegmon is the highest (75%), the percentage of nodules showing peripheral enhancement is the highest (87%), the percentage of phlegmatic nodules in the right umbilicus is the highest (98%), most of the phlegmatic nodules were distributed in the umbilicus at a rate of 66%, and the percentage of lobular condensation is The highest percentage is (55%), the percentage of calcification is the highest (70%), the percentage of the presence of a single cave is the highest (75%), and the percentage of the presence of 1-3 mm smoking nodules is the highest (97%).
Conclusion: Although significant improvements have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of TB over the past three decades, TB remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide. TB is still present in all regions of the world, and has a greater impact in developing countries. Review This research examines the most common imaging manifestations of primary and post-primary tuberculosis, their complications, and the crucial role of imaging in diagnosing and following up infected patients.
Conserving the critically endangered Hangul (Cervus hanglu hanglu) - Future distribution and efficiency of protected areas under climate change: Implications for the conservation of Dachigam landscape
Authors: Haq Shiekh Marifatul , Waheed Muhammad , Walas Łukasz , Alipour Shirin , Ahmad Riyaz , Bussmann Rainer W.
Published: January 2024

Climate change is impacting species distribution, posing a significant threat to biodiversity. Special attention is needed for vulnerable species like the Kashmir Red Deer (Cervus hanglu hanglu). Despite being a global conservation symbol, holistic management is hindered by limited research. A comprehensive study mapping the potential habitat changes for the Hangul in the Dachigam landscape is crucial to enhance conservation efforts. We examined the prospective effects of expected global warming on the distribution of Hangul by assessing species range shifts and employing a maximum entropy approach. The Hangul was anticipated to be sensitive to upcoming global warming and would raise its risk of local extinction. The severity of repercussions from climate change grew as the time horizon increased and decreased the species' suitable habitat. By 2080, predictions indicated a gradual reduction in range or, in some scenarios, the complete loss of habitat, regardless of the potential for Hangul to disperse indefinitely. We estimated that the overall very highly suitable habitat in the protected region is currently 2220 ha, while its huge distribution area in the unprotected zone is 30,445 ha, emphasizing the necessity of establishing corridor connectivity between fragment populations and promoting conservation efforts. Among various climate conditions, the core-to-edge ratio is at its highest level in the current conditions. Our study reveals two critical findings: Firstly, endangered species unique to a particular region are highly susceptible to the ramifications of global warming. Secondly, when evaluating the outcomes of global warming, the highly suitable habitat is expected to shift under predicted climatic changes, with an average altitudinal migration of 700m. Consequently, conservation strategies must consider the expected regional shifts and are designed with a clear understanding of the accuracy in projecting climate change effects.
Association between post-operative mobility restrictions and acute colonic pseudo-obstruction after spinal fixation in major trauma patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Carroll James Patrick , Hayes Ian , Read David
Published: January 2024

Purpose
Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO) is a common and potentially serious complication of surgical and trauma care. A possible contributor to ACPO development is impaired mobility. Major trauma patients, particularly those with spinal trauma, are at risk of prolonged mobility restrictions. The aim of this study was to assess the association between impaired mobility and the development of ACPO in major trauma patients undergoing acute thoraco-lumbar spinal fixation.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study involving major trauma patients admitted to a tertiary trauma facility was performed. The Hospital Trauma Registry was utilised to identify consecutive major trauma patients having urgent thoraco-lumbar spinal fixation. ACPO was defined as dilation of the transverse colon > 6cm or caecum > 9cm without mechanical cause. Immobility was defined by proxy as surgeon-prescribed mobility restrictions. Analysis was performed using multivariable logistic regression.
Results
ACPO occurred in 34 of 454 patients studied (7.5%). Colonoscopic decompression was required twice. Neostigmine and surgical resection were not required. There was no ACPO-related mortality. On multivariable regression, adjusted for confounding variables, post-operative mobility restrictions were associated with a three-fold increase in odds of ACPO (Odds Ratio 3.0; 95% confidence interval 1.1–8.2, P = 0.03).
Conclusion
ACPO was a common, although low-morbidity complication in this cohort. Surgically-prescribed mobility restrictions were associated with higher odds of ACPO in major trauma patients having thoraco-lumbar spinal fixation. Attention should be given to early mobilisation, where possible, in these patients.
Humic and Fulvic Acids Promote Growth and Flowering in Petunias at Low and Optimal Fertility
Authors: Martins Evili Marai , Pillajo Juan Quijia , Jones Michelle L.
Published: January 2024

Humic substances are components of soil organic matter that influence soil structure and fertility. Humic and fulvic acids can be extracted from soil and other organic sources, and are used as biostimulants to promote plant growth and increase nutrient availability and uptake. The goal of this study was to determine whether selected humic and fulvic acid–based commercial products would promote growth and flowering of petunia (Petunia ×hybrida) ‘Picobella Blue’ grown in soilless media with low or optimal fertilizer rates. Plants were grown in 11.4-cm pots filled with peat-based media [80:20 peat:perlite (v/v); pH 5.4]. Three biostimulant products were evaluated at different rates and application frequencies: Huma Pro, a liquid humic acid biostimulant; Fulvi Pro, a liquid fulvic acid biostimulant; and Micromate, a powder containing both humic and fulvic acids. In Expt. 1, Huma Pro and Fulvi Pro were drenched weekly onto the growing media at a rate of 5, 10, or 20 mL⋅L–1; Micromate was drenched weekly at a rate of 5, 10, 20, or 40 g⋅L–1. Plants were fertilized with either 50 mg⋅L–1 nitrogen (N) (low fertility) or 100 mg⋅L–1 N (optimal fertility) from Jack’s Professional 20N–1.3P–15.7K Petunia FeED each irrigation. Control plants received fertilizer but no biostimulant treatments. In Expt. 2, biostimulant treatments were drenched once at transplant, biweekly, or weekly at a rate of 1.25, 2.5, 5, or 10 mL⋅L–1 for Huma Pro and Fulvi Pro; and at 5, 10, 20, or 40 g⋅L–1 for Micromate. All plants received constant liquid feed at the lower fertilizer rate of 50 mg⋅L–1 N. In Expt. 1, plants fertilized with 100 mg⋅L–1 N and treated with 20 g⋅L–1 Micromate had the best performance. The average shoot dry weight was 32% greater than that of the control plants. Micromate (20 g⋅L–1)-treated plants had an average of five more flowers per plant, and they flowered 4 days earlier than untreated control plants. In Expt. 2, plants treated with 40 g⋅L–1 of Micromate weekly had the greatest shoot dry weight compared with the other treatments. Weekly Micromate treatments (40 g⋅L–1) resulted in plants with an average of 13 more flowers per plant, which flowered 7 days earlier than control plants. Plants treated with Fulvi Pro and Huma Pro at 20 mL⋅L–1 had a significantly greater concentration of potassium in shoot tissue, whereas Micromate treatments at 20 and 40 g⋅L–1 resulted in a greater concentration of phosphorous in the shoots. The humic and fulvic acids in Micromate improved petunia crop quality by promoting vegetative growth, increasing flower numbers, and reducing the time to flower.
Effects of Root Zone Temperature of Hydroponic Lettuce Affects Plant Growth, Nutrient Uptake, and Vitamin A Content
Authors: Moccio Madeline , Dunn Bruce L. , Kaur Amandeep , Fontanier Charles , Zhang Lu
Published: January 2024

Water temperature can affect plant growth and quality in hydroponic production. Lettuce ‘Antonet’, ‘Waldman’s Dark Green’, ‘Parris Island’, ‘Jericho’, and ‘Rex’ were grown using the nutrient film technique with chilled (water temperature set at 21.1 °C) or ambient water. Data were collected on plant growth, foliar nutrient content, and vitamin A content. ‘Jericho’ had the greatest shoot fresh weight but was only significantly different from ‘Antonet’, which had the lowest shoot fresh weight but the greatest vitamin A content. SPAD was greatest in ‘Paris Island’ and was significantly greater in chilled water over ambient for ‘Antonet’. Plants grown in ambient water had greater number of leaves and root dry weight, whereas SPAD was greatest with chilled water. Greater nutrient values were observed in ‘Rex’, ‘Jericho’, and ‘Waldman’s Dark Green’ in chilled water, whereas no nutrient differences were observed in ‘Antonet’ and ‘Parris Island’.
A Cultivar Attribute Database Derived from Ira J. Condit (1955): “Fig Varieties: A Monograph”
Authors: Frost Richard B.
Published: January 2024

During California’s broad experiment with fig cultivation, Ira J. Condit became known as the “High Priest of the Fig.” Herein is a large set of fig attributes deemed agriculturally important by Ira J. Condit in his 1955 monograph. The attributes are divided into five categories and distributed across 717 cultivars. All data and software source code have been made available publicly on Figshare.
Evolution of orogenic gold mineralization in the southern and eastern framing structures of the Siberian craton
Authors: Goryachev N. A. , Budyak A. E. , Mikhalitsyna T. I. , Tarasova Yu. I. , Goryachev I. N. , Sotskaya O. T.
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the research is to compare the evolution of gold ore mineralization in the structures of the Baikal-Patom and Verkhoyansk-Kolyma marginal continental orogenic belts that arose on the passive margin of the Siberian continent in the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic and Paleozoic-Mesozoic, and hosting the largest gold deposits in Russia. The similarities are noted as they reveal themselves in the characteristics of the mineralization stages, and in the typomorphism of pyrite that is the main mineral of ore formations. The study demonstrated the role of polychronic orogenic events of the Paleozoic and late Mesozoic times, which led to the formation of large fold belts in the development of large-scale gold mineralization of the southern and eastern framing of the Siberian craton. These events caused precious metals to mobilize and redistribute from precious metal-rich stratigraphic horizons as corresponding orogenic plutonometamorphic belts were formed. A comparative analysis of the Paleozoic-Mesozoic and Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic metallogenic profiles of the southern and eastern margins of the Siberian craton demonstrates the influence of the formation processes of orogenic gold mineralization, regardless of the composition of the host strata and mineralization age. General metallogenic characteristics of paleogeodynamic formation settings of noble metal mineralization of the orogenic-type, regardless of its age, can serve as the basis for geological-genetic and forecasting predictions as well as for the development of integrated assessment criteria for their prospects within the regions under investigation.
First results of using mineral concentration methods for metal recover from technogenically contaminated soils with significant organic concentrations
Authors: Trusova V. V. , Kachor O. L. , Alekseev A. S. , Parshin A. V.
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the article is to present the research results on the application of concentration methods to hazardous waste from the industrial site of the former Vostsibelement battery plant located in the town of Svirsk, Irkutsk region (Russia), which is the facility of accumulated environmental damage. The previous studies have identified significant contents of heavy metals and arsenic that exceed standard values by hundreds and thousands of times in the industrial site soils. This fact determines soil high hazard class – II and III. To reduce the hazard class and decrease the volume of hazardous waste it is proposed to use a recuperative approach, that means to recover some metals and arsenic in order to return them in economic circulation. A spiral concentrator, a shaking table and a centrifugal concentrator were used for gravity concentration of metals and arsenic. The best results were obtained using a shaking table. The latter made it possible to increase the lead content in the concentrate by 22 times as compared to the content in the original sample, arsenic content by 7.7 times, and iron content by 16.7 times. Magnetic concentration of the shaking table middlings made it possible to obtain a concentrate with a high content and recovery of iron, copper and zinc. Despite the fact that the soil waste contains a significant amount of organic matter unlike the case of ore processing, the possibility of successful metal recover and significant reduction of metal concentrations in soil is shown. The proposals for a further waste-recycling scheme are made on the basis of the data obtained.
EXPLORING THE UNCANNY VALLEY: HOW HUMANOID ROBOTS ARE REDEFINING REALISM
Authors: Das Shaurya
Published: January 2024

Humanoid robots, or human-like robots are designed to resemble humans in appearance and behaviour. The concept of the uncanny valley describes the reaction humans have to humanoid robots that resemble humans. Humanoid robots have the potential to revolutionize various industries and redefine realism. This article explores the history and development of humanoid robots and their psychological impact. From their humble beginnings to the remarkable machines we see today, humanoid robots have come a long way with their lifelike appearance, behaviour, and potential applications, these robots have the power to revolutionize various industries and enhance our lives in unprecedented ways. However, the concept of the uncanny valley and the psychological impact it has on humans cannot be ignored. The challenges and limitations that humanoid robots face, along with the ethical considerations surrounding their use, require careful thought and consideration. As we navigate the future of humanoid robots, it is essential to strike a balance between technological advancements and the preservation of human values. By harnessing the potential of these remarkable machines responsibly, we can create a future where humans and humanoid robots coexist harmoniously, benefiting from each others strengths and capabilities.
ENCOURAGING THE PROVISION OF CONSIDERATE RESPECTFUL MATERNITY CARE ON A GLOBAL SCALE-AN ESSENTIAL HUMAN RIGHT
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing Science and Research, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India., Pal Monalisha , a Abha ,   Public Health Nursing Officer Department of Public Health, Rural Health Training Centre (RHTC), Najafgarh, Delhi, India., Lalia Hemlata ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing Science and Research, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India., Tiwari Khushboo ,   Masters in Nursing, Department of CTVS, Nightingale Institute of Nursing Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India., a Nanki ,   Community Health Officer, Medical Health and Family Welfare.
Published: January 2024

The majority of women and their families see pregnancy, labour, and delivery as life-altering physiological events, hence cooperation between medical professionals providing maternity care is beneficial. When it comes to providing the best care possible for women and infants, particularly those who are at risk of obstetrical or neonatal difficulties, multidisciplinary education and teamwork-which includes consultation, communication, collaboration, and referral-are crucial. Aim: To promote the provision of thoughtful, respectful maternity care worldwide i.e. a fundamental human right. Methodology: Relevant literature was identified through a search on Medline and PubMed, National Health library. several maternal health modules. Outcomes: Professional emergency and routine care delivered in a pleasant, safe, and economical manner should be a frequent resource for all pregnant mothers. Conclusion: More than simply having access to treatments, medications, and supplies is necessary for providing high-quality maternity and neonatal care. Care that is inclusive and courteous is essential to providing high-quality treatment.