bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fungal Community Composition and Its Relationship with Volatile Compounds during Spontaneous Fermentation of Cabernet Sauvignon from Two Chinese Wine-Growing Regions
Authors: Gao Jie , Geng Huiying , Chai Ruru , Wu Tianyang , Huang Weidong , You Yilin , Zhan Jicheng
Published: December 2023

The microbial community structure associated with wine in a wine-growing region is shaped by diverse ecological factors within that region, profoundly impacting the wine flavor. In wine fermentation, fungi contribute more sensory-active biochemical compounds than bacteria. In this study, we employed amplicon sequencing to measure samples from the spontaneous fermentation process of cabernet sauvignon wines from two wine-growing regions in China to study the diversity and structural evolution of fungi during spontaneous fermentation and analyze the correlation between fungi and volatile compounds. The results showed significant differences in fungal community structure and diversity in cabernet sauvignon musts from different geographical origins, and these differences affected the flavor quality of the wines. As alcoholic fermentation progressed, Saccharomyces became the dominant fungal genus and reshaped the fungal community structure, and the diversity of the fungal community decreased. However, the fungal communities of each wine-growing region remained distinct throughout the fermentation process. Furthermore, the correlation between the fungal community and volatile compounds indicated that wine is a product of fermentation involving multiple fungal genera, and the flavor is influenced by a variety of fungi. Our study enhances the comprehension of fungal communities in Chinese wine-growing regions, explaining the regulatory role of wine-related fungal microorganisms in wine flavor.
Antimicrobial Activity of Artemisia dracunculus Oil-Loaded Agarose/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogel for Bio-Applications
Authors: Rîmbu Cristina Mihaela , Serbezeanu Diana , Vlad-Bubulac Tăchiță , Suflet Dana Mihaela , Motrescu Iuliana , Lungoci Constantin , Robu Teodor , Vrînceanu Narcisa , Grecu Mariana , Cozma Andreea Paula , Fotea Lenuța , Anița Dragoș Constantin , Popovici Ivona , Horhogea Cristina Elena
Published: December 2023

In this study, the potential use of Artemisia dracunculus essential oil in bio-applications was investigated. Firstly, the phytochemicals from Artemisia dracunculus were analyzed by different methods. Secondly, the Artemisia dracunculus essential oil was incorporated into the hydrogel matrix based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and agar (A). The structural, morphological, and physical properties of the hydrogel matrix loaded with different amounts of Artemisia dracunculus essential oil were thoroughly investigated. FTIR analysis revealed the successful loading of the essential oil Artemisia dracunculus into the PVA/A hydrogel matrix. The influence of the mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity of the PVA/A hydrogel matrix loaded with different amounts of Artemisia dracunculus was also assessed. The antimicrobial activity of Artemisia dracunculus (EO Artemisia dracunculus) essential oil was tested using the disk diffusion method and the time-kill assay method after entrapment in the PVA/A hydrogel matrices. The results showed that PVA/agar-based hydrogels loaded with EO Artemisia dracunculus exhibited significant antimicrobial activity (log reduction ratio in the range of 85.5111–100%) against nine pathogenic isolates, both Gram-positive (S. aureus, MRSA, E. faecalis, L. monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, and A. salmonicida). The resulted biocompatible polymers proved to have enhanced properties when functionalized with the essential oil of Artemisia dracunculus, offering opportunities and possibilities for novel applications.
Challenging Diagnosis of Invasive Sinus Aspergillosis Mimicking Gradenigo’s Syndrome in an Elderly Patient with T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Ramos de Ascanio Victoria , Liaño-Esteso Gloria , Roldán David , Collazo-Lorduy Teresa , Martínez-Flores Sara , Hernández-Rivas José Ángel , González-Gascón-y-Marín Isabel
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: Gradenigo’s Syndrome (GS) is a rare complication of acute otitis media characterized by the triad of diplopia, otitis, and facial pain. The widespread use of antibiotics has significantly reduced its occurrence. (2) Case summary: We present the case of an elderly patient with T-cell lymphoma who developed neurological deficits resembling GS. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with invasive sinus aspergillosis. The diagnostic process was challenging due to the atypical clinical presentation and the lack of specific imaging findings. A biopsy was the most important test for clarifying the diagnosis. (3) Conclusions: The prognosis for this complication is extremely poor without surgery, and the patient died despite adequate antifungal coverage. Therefore, maintaining high clinical suspicion is paramount to avoid adverse outcomes in similar cases, particularly in the geriatric population, wherein this syndrome’s occurrence may not be expected.
Does Sex Matter to the Biomedical Approach in Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs)?: A Systematic Review of Methodology Documents Used in the Spanish National Health System
Authors: González Ramos Ana M. , Serrano-Gemes Gema
Published: December 2023

Sex and gender are important variables in health, although their incorporation in medicine has been very slow. If research is sensitive and yields fruitful sex and gender evidence, these results should be included in the guidelines for clinical practices. However, literature claims that clinical practice guidelines devote very little space to these categories. The present systematic review addresses the relevance of sex and gender dimensions through methodology documents for the development of clinical practice guidelines based on three sources: the AGREE Reporting Checklist, the GRADE Handbook, and the Spanish GuíaSalud NHS Clinical Guideline Program. Findings suggest that neglecting sex and gender issues in the biomedical approach may lead to continuing to ignore relevant evidence on biological and social dimensions that do indeed influence people’s health and diseases.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Auxin Response Factor (ARF) Gene Family in Betula pendula
Authors: Mu Huaizhi , Jin Xuhong , Lv Songtong , Long Sheng , Liu Yang , Chen Le , Lin Lin
Published: December 2023

As the key transcription factors regulating auxin responsive genes expression, auxin response factors (ARFs) play critical roles in diverse aspects of plant growth and development. Betula pendula is a valuable ornamental tree, and the information on ARF gene family of B. pendula is needed for better understanding. The publication of the genome sequence of B. pendula enable to analyze the bioinformatics information and expression pattern of BpeARF gene family on the genome-wide basis. In this study, physical and chemical properties, chromosome location, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, conserved domain, motif composition, and cis-acting element of BpeARF gene family were analyzed, and expression patterns of BpeARF genes were investigated using completely random design in different tissues and under exogenous NAA and drought treatments. A total of 17 BpeARF genes was identified from B. pendula genome, which were unevenly distributed on 13 chromosomes and encoded adequate proteins ranging from 613 to 1135 amino acids in length. Three BpeARF gene pairs were formed by segmental duplication, and the Ka/Ks values of these BpeARF gene pairs were less than 1. According to the phylogenetic relationship among B. pendula, Betula platyphylla, Populus trichocarpa, and Arabidopsis thaliana, the BpeARF genes were divided into four classes, and the intron/exon structure, conserved domain, and motif composition showed high similarity among the BpeARF genes within the same class. The cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of BpeARF genes were related to tissue development, hormone response, and stress resistance. Quantitative real-time PCR exhibited diverse expression patterns of BpeARF genes in different tissues and in response to exogenous auxin treatment and drought stress. The expressions of one, ten, seven, and three BpeARF genes were the high levels in buds, young leaves, stems, and roots, respectively. Under exogenous NAA treatment, six BpeARF genes in stems and roots were upregulated expression at all timepoints. Under drought stress, BpeARF7 and BpeARF15 were upregulated in stems and roots, and BpeARF5 and BpeARF6 were downregulated in leaves, stems, and roots. Our results provided valuable information for the classification and putative functions of BpeARF gene family, which may be helpful for selecting candidate genes and verifying gene function in the genetic engineering of birch trees in further research.
LED White Light Treatment Delays Postharvest Senescence of ‘Zaosu’ Pear Fruit with Inhibited Chlorophyll Degradation
Authors: Mi Hongbo , Zhou Xu , Yang Jun , Chen Jingxin , Liu Bin
Published: December 2023

To investigate the effects of LED white light treatment (LWT) on the storage quality of postharvest ‘Zaosu’ pears, as well as its role in maintaining fruit greenness and delaying senescence, pear fruits were treated with intermittent irradiation using LED white light for 12 h per day, with a light source distance of 30 ± 1 cm and a photon flux density of 151 μmoL/(m2·s) at 25 °C. The results showed that LWT preserved the postharvest quality of ‘Zaosu’ pear fruit by reducing weight loss and ascorbic acid degradation and promoting the ratio of sugar and organic acid. Meanwhile, LWT also substantially inhibited the respiration intensity and ethylene production during the storage process. Accordingly, the expressions of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and signaling were reduced in LWT fruit. Notably, LWT retarded the decrease in chlorophyll content of fruit by increasing the activities of enzymes associated with chlorophyll synthase. Additionally, LWT also suppressed the chlorophyll degradation-related enzymes and their gene expressions in pear peel. These findings suggest that a moderate light irradiation can delay the de-green progress and benefit post-harvest storage of ‘Zaosu’ pear.
Assessment of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers Derived from Whole-Genome Sequence (WGS) of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek): Cross-Species Transferability and Population Genetic Studies in Vigna Species
Authors: Saini Pawan , Sirari Asmita , Gnanesh Belaghihalli N. , Mandahal Kamalpreet Singh , Ludhar Navkiran Kaur , Nagpal Sharon , Patel S. A. H. , Akhatar Javed , Saini Pooja , Pratap Aditya , Bains Tejinderjit Singh , Yadav Inderjit Singh
Published: December 2023

The genus Vigna is pan-tropical, having more than 200 species with many desirable economically important traits. This study aimed to validate the in silico polymorphism of whole-genome-sequence-developed mungbean-specific SSR markers and their transferability among different Vigna species. The present study utilized a set of 200 SSR markers developed from the whole-genome sequence of mungbean and validated them using a diversity panel of 25 accessions that belong to 13 Vigna species. Out of 200 SSR markers, 130 markers (65%) were polymorphic across the various Vigna species, and the number of alleles amplified varied from 7 to 24. The SSR markers showed more than 90 percent transferability across the different Vigna species accessions. Utilizing allelic data, the 25 Vigna accessions were clustered into three groups using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The two integral coalitions explained 50.79 and 15.42% of the total variance. The principal coordinate analysis (PCA) biplot graph and UPGMA-based neighbor-joining clustering diagram showed a similar pattern of Vigna accession distribution. A population structure assessment grouped the cultivated and wild species accessions into two sub-populations based upon a maximum delta K value of 144.79, which drew a sharp peak at K = 2. The estimated marker parameters, such as the polymorphic information content (0.09–0.84), marker index (0.091–3.342), and effective multiplex ratio (1.0–4.0), suggested their adequacy for several genetic studies, such as parental selection, hybrid testing, genetic mapping, and marker-aided breeding programs, for the genetic enhancement of species belonging to the Vigna genus.
Integrating IOTA’s Tangle with the Internet of Things for Sustainable Agriculture: A Proof-of-Concept Study on Rice Cultivation
Authors: Pullo Sandro , Pareschi Remo , Piantadosi Valentina , Salzano Francesco , Carlini Roberto
Published: December 2023

Addressing the critical challenges of resource inefficiency and environmental impact in the agrifood sector, this study explores the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies with IOTA’s Tangle, a Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). This integration aims to enhance sustainable agricultural practices, using rice cultivation as a case study of high relevance and reapplicability given its importance in the food chain and the high irrigation requirement of its cultivation. The approach employs sensor-based intelligent irrigation systems to optimize water efficiency. These systems enable real-time monitoring of agricultural parameters through IoT sensors. Data management is facilitated by IOTA’s Tangle, providing secure and efficient data handling, and integrated with MongoDB, a Database Management System (DBMS), for effective data storage and retrieval. The collaboration between IoT and IOTA led to significant reductions in resource consumption. Implementing sustainable agricultural practices resulted in a 50% reduction in water usage, 25% decrease in nitrogen consumption, and a 50% to 70% reduction in methane emissions. Additionally, the system contributed to lower electricity consumption for irrigation pumps and generated comprehensive historical water depth records, aiding future resource management decisions. This study concludes that the integration of IoT with IOTA’s Tangle presents a highly promising solution for advancing sustainable agriculture. This approach significantly contributes to environmental conservation and food security. Furthermore, it establishes that DLTs like IOTA are not only viable but also effective for real-time monitoring and implementation of sustainable agricultural practices.
The Respiratory Microbiome in Paediatric Chronic Wet Cough: What Is Known and Future Directions
Authors: Atto Brianna , Anteneh Yitayal , Bialasiewicz Seweryn , Binks Michael J. , Hashemi Mostafa , Hill Jane , Thornton Ruth B. , Westaway Jacob , Marsh Robyn L.
Published: December 2023

Chronic wet cough for longer than 4 weeks is a hallmark of chronic suppurative lung diseases (CSLD), including protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB), and bronchiectasis in children. Severe lower respiratory infection early in life is a major risk factor of PBB and paediatric bronchiectasis. In these conditions, failure to clear an underlying endobronchial infection is hypothesised to drive ongoing inflammation and progressive tissue damage that culminates in irreversible bronchiectasis. Historically, the microbiology of paediatric chronic wet cough has been defined by culture-based studies focused on the detection and eradication of specific bacterial pathogens. Various ‘omics technologies now allow for a more nuanced investigation of respiratory pathobiology and are enabling development of endotype-based models of care. Recent years have seen substantial advances in defining respiratory endotypes among adults with CSLD; however, less is understood about diseases affecting children. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the airway microbiome among children with chronic wet cough related to the PBB–bronchiectasis diagnostic continuum. We explore concepts emerging from the gut–lung axis and multi-omic studies that are expected to influence PBB and bronchiectasis endotyping efforts. We also consider how our evolving understanding of the airway microbiome is translating to new approaches in chronic wet cough diagnostics and treatments.
More than 30 Years of POSSUM: Are Scoring Systems Still Relevant Today for Colorectal Surgery?
Authors: Bürtin Florian , Ludwig Tobias , Leuchter Matthias , Hendricks Alexander , Schafmayer Clemens , Philipp Mark
Published: December 2023

Background: The Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM) weights the patient’s individual health status and the extent of the surgical procedure to estimate the probability of postoperative complications and death of general surgery patients. The variations Portsmouth-POSSUM (P-POSSUM) and colorectal POSSUM (CR-POSSUM) were developed for estimating mortality in patients with low perioperative risk and for patients with colorectal carcinoma, respectively. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the significance of POSSUM, P-POSSUM, and CR-POSSUM in two independent colorectal cancer cohorts undergoing surgery, with an emphasis on laparoscopic procedures. Methods: For each patient, an individual physiological score (PS) and operative severity score (OS) was attributed to calculate the predicted morbidity and mortality, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the possible correlation between the subscores and the probability of postoperative complications and mortality. Results: The POSSUM equation significantly overpredicted postoperative morbidity, and all three scoring systems considerably overpredicted in-hospital mortality. However, the POSSUM score identified patients at risk of anastomotic leakage, sepsis, and the need for reoperation. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between the subscores and the probability of postoperative complications and mortality, respectively. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the three scoring systems are too imprecise for the estimation of perioperative complications and mortality of patients undergoing colorectal surgery in the present day. Since the subscores proved valid, a revision of the scoring systems could increase their reliability in the clinical setting.
Beliefs about Medicines and the Level of Intentional Non-Adherence to Treatment among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Treated with First-Line Drugs
Authors: Kołtuniuk Aleksandra , Chojdak-Łukasiewicz Justyna
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. MS has no curable disease but drug modifying therapy (DMT) can delay the long-term disability progression of the disease. The effectiveness of MS treatment depends on the patient’s adherence to therapy. Aim: This study evaluated the level of intentional non-adherence and the relationship between beliefs about medication and the level of intentional non-adherence to treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis. Material and methods: A group of 146 patients with relapsing–remitting MS were included. To assess different aspect of adherence, the Intentional Non-Adherence Scale (INAS) was used. For evaluating patients’ beliefs and opinions regarding medication, the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) was used. Results: The mean total INAS score was 51.41 ± 27.83 points. Patients were most concerned about the necessity to take medication and least concerned about the harm caused by medication. The overuse and harm domains of the BMQ were significantly correlated with INAS scores (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Independent determinant of intentional non-adherence was overuse.
How Close Is Existing C/C++ Code to a Safe Subset?
Authors: DeLozier Christian
Published: December 2023

Using a safe subset of C++ is a promising direction for increasing the safety of the programming language while maintaining its performance and productivity. In this paper, we examine how close existing C/C++ code is to conforming to a safe subset of C++. We examine the rules presented in existing safe C/C++ standards and safe C/C++ subsets. We analyze the code characteristics of 5.8 million code samples from the Exebench benchmark suite, two C/C++ benchmark suites, and five modern C++ applications using a static analysis tool. We find that raw pointers, unsafe casts, and unsafe library functions are used in both C/C++ code at large and in modern C++ applications. In general, C/C++ code at large does not differ much from modern C++ code, and continued work will be required to transition from existing C/C++ code to a safe subset of C++.
Effect of Ceramic Thickness and Technician Variability on the Shade Duplication of Dental Ceramo-Metallic Restorations
Authors: Abdelraouf Rasha M. , Moussa Taheya A. , Hamdy Tamer M. , Abuhaimed Reem A. , Alotaibi Alanoud M. , Jurado Carlos A. , Alhotan Abdulaziz , Alhelal Bushra , Habib Nour A.
Published: December 2023

Ceramic thickness and technicians’ manipulative variables are critical factors affecting the resultant shade of dental ceramo-metallic restorations. This study investigated the effect of the following variables on shade duplication of ceramo-metallic specimens: (a) ceramic thickness; (b) differences between several technicians (inter-technician variability); and (c) the ability of each technician to repeat the resultant shade (intra-technician variability). Ninety ceramo-metallic specimens were prepared and divided into three main groups (n = 30/gp) according to the different technicians who built up the veneering ceramic of the specimens. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups (n = 10/subgroup) according to the thickness of the ceramic (1, 1.5, and 2 mm built over a 0.5 mm-thick metal substructure). Three different technicians were asked to follow the same protocol as regards the same ceramic batch (Shade 3M2, Vita VM13, Zahnfabrik, Germany), firing temperature, and number of firing cycles. Meanwhile, each technician followed his own protocol with regard to other ceramic manipulative variables. The duplicated shades of the specimens were investigated using the Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer by using the verify shade mode. Color difference (∆E) values were calculated between the target shade (3M2) and the duplicated shades of the specimens automatically by the Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer (Vita, Zahnfabrik, Germany). The effect of ceramic thickness and inter- and intra-technician variability on the duplication of the target shade was investigated. The results showed that the effect of ceramic thickness on the duplicated shades depended on inter-technician variability. High inter-technician variability (∆E = 2–6.4) was noticed in contrast to low intra-technician variability (∆E = 0.2–1.5). It could be concluded that proper shade-duplication of ceramo-metallic restoration was a cumulative technique intimately related to manipulative variables and ceramic thickness.
Reply to Vilela, R.; Mendoza, L. Current Nomenclature of Paracoccidioides lobogeorgii’s Disease Name. Comment on “Grotta et al. Fungal Density in Lobomycosis in French Guiana: A Proposal for a New Clinico-Histological and Therapeutic Classification. J. Fungi 2023, 9, 1005”
Authors: Grotta Geoffrey , Blaizot Romain
Published: December 2023

We have read with interest the comment sent by Raquel Vilela and Leonel Mendoza [...]
Umbellaceae fam. nov. (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) for Umbellus sinensis gen. et sp. nov. and Three New Combinations
Authors: Wang Xue-Wei , Zhou Li-Wei
Published: December 2023

Hymenochaetales, belonging to Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, comprises most polypores and corticioid fungi and, also, a few agarics. The latest taxonomic framework accepts 14 families in this order. When further exploring species diversity of Hymenochaetales, two corticioid specimens collected from China producing cystidia with large umbrella-shaped crystalline heads attracted our attention. This kind of cystidia was reported only in three unsequenced species, viz. Tubulicrinis corneri, T. hamatus and T. umbraculus, which were accepted in Tubulicrinaceae, Hymenochaetales. The current multilocus-based phylogeny supports that the two Chinese specimens formed an independent lineage from Tubulicrinaceae as well as the additional 13 families and all sampled genera in Hymenochaetales. Therefore, a monotypic family, Umbellaceae, is newly described with the new genus Umbellus as the type genus to represent this lineage. The two Chinese specimens are newly described as U. sinensis, which differs from T. corneri, T. hamatus, and T. umbraculus in a combination of a smooth to grandinioid hymenophoral surface, not flattened, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with a tiny apiculus, and growth on angiosperm wood. Due to the presence of the unique cystidia, the three species of Tubulicrinis, even though they lack available molecular sequences, are transferred to Umbellus as U. corneri, U. hamatus, and U. umbraculus. Hereafter, all known species with large umbrella-shaped crystalline-headed cystidia are in a single genus. In summary, the current study provides a supplement to the latest taxonomic framework of Hymenochaetales and will help to further explore species diversity and the evolution of this fungal order.
Incidence of Tracheal Stenosis in ICU Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Results from a Prospective, Observational, Multicenter Study
Authors: Perroni Gianluca , Radovanovic Dejan , Mondoni Michele , Mangiameli Giuseppe , Giudici Veronica Maria , Crepaldi Alessandro , Giatti Valentina , Morenghi Emanuela , Stella Giulia Maria , Pavesi Stefano , Mantero Marco , Corsico Angelo Guido , Spotti Maura , Premuda Chiara , Mangili Stefano Attilio , Franceschi Elisa , Narvena Veronica Macioce , Vanoni Nicolò , Pilocane Tommaso , Russo Gianluca , Di Marco Fabiano , Alloisio Marco , Aliberti Stefano , Marulli Giuseppe , Bertuzzi Alexia Francesca , Cipolla Giuseppe , Centanni Stefano , Blasi Francesco , Santus Pierachille , Cariboni Umberto
Published: December 2023

Background: Tracheal stenosis represents a fearsome complication that substantially impairs quality of life. The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic increased the number of patients requiring invasive ventilation through prolonged intubation or tracheostomy, increasing the risk of tracheal stenosis. Study design and methods: In this prospective, observational, multicenter study performed in Lombardy (Italy), we have exanimated 281 patients who underwent prolonged intubation (more than 7 days) or tracheostomy for severe COVID-19. Patients underwent CT scan and spirometry 2 months after hospital discharge and a subsequent clinical follow-up after an additional 6 months (overall 8 months of follow-up duration) to detect any tracheal lumen reduction above 1%. The last follow-up evaluation was completed on 31 August 2022. Results: In the study period, 24 patients (8.5%, CI 5.6–12.4) developed tracheal stenosis in a median time of 112 days and within a period of 200 days from intubation. Compared to patients without tracheal stenosis, tracheostomy was performed more frequently in patients that developed stenosis (75% vs 54%, p = 0.034). Tracheostomy and alcohol consumption (1 unit of alcohol per day) increased risk of developing tracheal stenosis of 2.6-fold (p = 0.047; IC 0.99–6.8) and 5.4-fold (p = 0.002; CI 1.9–16), respectively. Conclusions: In a large cohort of patients, the incidence of tracheal stenosis increased during pandemic, probably related to the increased use of prolonged intubation. Patients with histories of prolonged intubation should be monitored for at least 200 days from invasive ventilation in order to detect tracheal stenosis at early stage. Alcohol use and tracheostomy are risk factors for developing tracheal stenosis.
Correlation between Kidney Uptake at [18F]FDG PET/CT and Renal Function
Authors: Dondi Francesco , Pisani Antonio , Lucarelli Nicola , Gazzilli Maria , Talin Anna , Albano Domenico , Rubini Dino , Maggialetti Nicola , Rubini Giuseppe , Bertagna Francesco
Published: December 2023

Different insights into the connection between kidney [18F]fluorodesoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) uptake at positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and renal function have been proposed in the past. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the presence of a correlation between these two parameters. Kidney uptakes were assessed and compared to the creatinine (Cr) values and estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR) among different classes of renal functional impairment or kidney status. A total of 339 patients and 385 different PET/CT scans were included in this study. Significant correlations between kidney uptakes and renal function parameters were reported in most of the groups studied, with the exception of patients with Cr < 1.2 mg/dL and subjects with a kidney transplantation. Strong concordance in the assessment of renal parenchymal uptakes between the different readers was reported. To conclude, strong correlations for renal [18F]FDG uptake with Cr levels and the EGFR were reported, with the exception of the group of patients with a Cr value < 1.2 mg/dL and for the group with a kidney transplantation.
The Influence of Physical Activity during Pregnancy on Maternal Pain and Discomfort: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sánchez-Polán Miguel , Nagpal Taniya S. , Zhang Dingfeng , Silva-Jose Cristina , Montejo Rocío , Barakat Rubén
Published: December 2023

Pregnant women may experience pain and discomfort during pregnancy, especially in areas such as the lower back and pelvic girdle. Pain in pregnancy is associated with poor quality of life, and because it is a common occurrence, pregnant women may be offered several resources to prevent discomforts throughout pregnancy, such as engaging in physical activity. This study was a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (prospectively registered in Prospero, registration number: CRD42023451320) aimed to assess the effects of physical activity during pregnancy on maternal pain and discomfort. We analysed 16 randomised clinical trials. The results of these analyses indicate that women who performed physical activity had significantly less intensity of pain (z = <2.69, p = <0.007; SMD = −0.66, 95% CI = −1.13, −0.18, I2 = <91%, Pheterogeneity = <0.001) and a reduction observed in the disability questionnaire (z = <2.37, p = <0.02; SMD = −0.80, 95% CI = −1.47, −0.14, I2 = <91%, Pheterogeneity = <0.001), and overall reduced general pain (z = <3.87, p = <0.001; SMD = −0.56, 95% CI = −0.84, −0.27, I2 = <86%, Pheterogeneity = <0.001) than women who did not practice physical activity during pregnancy. In conclusion, physical activity during pregnancy could effectively help to diminish pain intensity, reduce disability due to pain, and generally reduce pain.
Multimodality Imaging Diagnosis in Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Babes Elena Emilia , Bustea Cristiana , Ilias Tiberia Ioana , Babes Victor Vlad , Luca Silvia-Ana , Luca Constantin Tudor , Radu Andrei-Flavius , Tarce Alexandra Georgiana , Bungau Alexa Florina , Bustea Cristian
Published: December 2023

Imaging is an important tool in the diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis (IE). Echocardiography is an essential examination, especially in native valve endocarditis (NVE), but its diagnostic accuracy is reduced in prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). The diagnostic ability is superior for transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE), but a negative test cannot exclude PVE. Both transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and TEE can provide normal or inconclusive findings in up to 30% of cases, especially in patients with prosthetic devices. New advanced non-invasive imaging tests are increasingly used in the diagnosis of IE. Nuclear medicine imaging techniques have demonstrated their superiority over TEE for the diagnosis of PVE and cardiac implantable electronic device infective endocarditis (CIED-IE). Cardiac computed tomography angiography imaging is useful in PVE cases with inconclusive TTE and TEE investigations and for the evaluation of paravalvular complications. In the present review, imaging tools are described with their values and limitations for improving diagnosis in NVE, PVE and CIED-IE. Current knowledge about multimodality imaging approaches in IE and imaging methods to assess the local and distant complications of IE is also reviewed. Furthermore, a potential diagnostic work-up for different clinical scenarios is described. However, further studies are essential for refining diagnostic and management approaches in infective endocarditis, addressing limitations and optimizing advanced imaging techniques across different clinical scenarios.
Adaptive Dynamic Threshold Graph Neural Network: A Novel Deep Learning Framework for Cross-Condition Bearing Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Zheng Linjie , Jiang Yonghua , Jiang Hongkui , Tang Chao , Jiao Weidong , Shi Zhuoqi , Rehman Attiq Ur
Published: December 2023

Recently, bearing fault diagnosis methods based on deep learning have achieved significant success. However, in practical engineering applications, the limited labeled data and various working conditions severely constrain the widespread application of most deep-learning-based fault diagnosis methods. Additionally, many methods focus solely on the amplitude information of samples, neglecting the rich relational information between samples. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel cross-condition few-shot fault diagnosis method based on an adaptive dynamic threshold graph neural network (ADTGNN). The aim of the proposed method is to rapidly identify fault types after they occur only a few times or even once. The adaptive threshold computation module (ATCM) in ADTGNN dynamically assigns thresholds to each edge based on edge confidence, optimizing the graph structure and effectively alleviating the over-smoothing issue. Furthermore, a dynamic threshold adjustment strategy (DTAS) is introduced to gradually increase the threshold with the training iterations, preventing the model from prematurely discarding crucial edges due to insufficient performance. The proposed model’s effectiveness is demonstrated using three bearing datasets. The experimental results indicate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms other comparison methods in cross-condition bearing fault diagnosis.
Blockchain-Based Data Breach Detection: Approaches, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Ansar Kainat , Ahmed Mansoor , Helfert Markus , Kim Jungsuk
Published: December 2023

In cybersecurity, personal data breaches have become one of the significant issues. This fact indicates that data breaches require unique detection systems, techniques, and solutions, which necessitate the potential to facilitate precise and quick data breach detection. Various research works on data breach detection and related areas in dealing with this problem have been proposed. Several survey studies have been conducted to comprehend insider data breaches better. However, these works did not examine techniques related to blockchain and innovative smart contract technologies to detect data breaches. In this survey, we examine blockchain-based data breach detection mechanisms developed so far to deal with data breach detection. We compare blockchain-based data breach detection techniques based on type, platform, smart contracts, consensus algorithm language/tool, and evaluation measures. We also present a taxonomy of contemporary data breach types. We conclude our study by outlining existing methodologies’ issues, offering ideas for overcoming those challenges, and pointing the way forward.
A Coupled Machine Learning and Lattice Boltzmann Method Approach for Immiscible Two-Phase Flows
Authors: Li Peisheng , Zhou Hongsheng , Ke Zhaoqing , Zhao Shuting , Zhang Ying , Liu Jiansheng , Tian Yuan
Published: December 2023

An innovative coupling numerical algorithm is proposed in the current paper, the front-tracking method–lattice Boltzmann method–machine learning (FTM-LBM-ML) method, to precisely capture fluid flow phase interfaces at the mesoscale and accurately simulate dynamic processes. This method combines the distinctive abilities of the FTM to accurately capture phase interfaces and the advantages of the LBM for easy handling of mesoscopic multi-component flow fields. Taking a single vacuole rising as an example, the input and output sets of the machine learning model are constructed using the FTM’s flow field, such as the velocity and position data from phase interface markers. Such datasets are used to train the Bayesian-Regularized Back Propagation Neural Network (BRBPNN) machine learning model to establish the corresponding relationship between the phase interface velocity and the position. Finally, the trained BRBPNN neural network is utilized within the multi-relaxation LBM pseudo potential model flow field to predict the phase interface position, which is compared with the FTM simulation. It was observed that the BRBPNN-predicted interface within the LBM exhibits a high degree of consistency with the FTM-predicted interface position, showing that the BRBPNN model is feasible and satisfies the accuracy requirements of the FT-LB coupling model.
RBFNN-Based Distributed Coverage Control on an Unknown Region
Authors: Zhang Ankang , Wang Xiaoling
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we investigate the problem of achieving distributed coverage control of a mobile sensor network on an unknown region using local measurements. To accomplish this objective, each sensor is equipped with two-layer dynamics. The upper layer dynamic employs a completely distributed observer algorithm on the target region for state estimation of the density function. The lower layer dynamic utilizes a radial basis function neural network-based motion algorithm, which involves only the estimated state obtained by the upper layer dynamics, to guide the sensors towards an optimal coverage configuration. We demonstrate that with only the joint detectability of the partial outputs measurement, it is possible to achieve distributed coverage control in the unknown region without requiring additional information about the density function, communication topology associated with the sensors, or coupling gains. Finally, two examples are used to validate the theoretical findings.
Expanding Robotic-Assisted Surgery in Gynecology Using the Potential of an Advanced Robotic System
Authors: Alkatout Ibrahim , O’Sullivan Odile , Peters Göntje , Maass Nicolai
Published: December 2023

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in gynecology was introduced to achieve the same surgical objectives as traditional open surgery while minimizing trauma to surrounding tissues, reducing pain, accelerating recovery, and improving overall patient outcomes. Minimally invasive approaches, such as laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgeries, have become the standard for many gynecological procedures. In this review, we aim to summarize the advantages and main limitations to a broader adoption of robotic-assisted surgery compared to laparoscopic surgeries in gynecology. We present a new surgical system, the Dexter Robotic System™ (Distalmotion, Switzerland), that facilitates the transition from laparoscopy expertise to robotic-assisted surgery.
The Characteristics and Laboratory Findings of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients during the First Three COVID-19 Waves in Portugal—A Retrospective Single-Center Study
Authors: Von Rekowski Cristiana P. , Fonseca Tiago A. H. , Araújo Rúben , Brás-Geraldes Carlos , Calado Cecília R. C. , Bento Luís , Pinto Iola
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives: Given the wide spectrum of clinical and laboratory manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is imperative to identify potential contributing factors to patients’ outcomes. However, a limited number of studies have assessed how the different waves affected the progression of the disease, more so in Portugal. Therefore, our main purpose was to study the clinical and laboratory patterns of COVID-19 in an unvaccinated population admitted to the intensive care unit, identifying characteristics associated with death, in each of the first three waves of the pandemic. Materials and Methods: This study included 337 COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit of a single-center hospital in Lisbon, Portugal, between March 2020 and March 2021. Comparisons were made between three COVID-19 waves, in the second (n = 325) and seventh (n = 216) days after admission, and between discharged and deceased patients. Results: Deceased patients were considerably older (p = 0.021) and needed greater ventilatory assistance (p = 0.023), especially in the first wave. Differences between discharged and deceased patients’ biomarkers were minimal in the first wave, on both analyzed days. In the second wave significant differences emerged in troponins, lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and white blood cell subpopulations, as well as platelet-to-lymphocyte and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, in the third wave, platelets and D-dimers were also significantly different between patients’ groups (all p < 0.05). From the second to the seventh days, troponins and lactate dehydrogenase showed significant decreases, mainly for discharged patients, while platelet counts increased (all p < 0.01). Lymphocytes significantly increased in discharged patients (all p < 0.05), while white blood cells rose in the second (all p < 0.001) and third (all p < 0.05) waves among deceased patients. Conclusions: This study yields insights into COVID-19 patients’ characteristics and mortality-associated biomarkers during Portugal’s first three COVID-19 waves, highlighting the importance of considering wave variations in future research due to potential significant outcome differences.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of the Miller Laryngoscope and the McGrath-MAC Video Laryngoscope in Direct Visualization of the Glottic Opening
Authors: Küçükosman Gamze , Bollucuoğlu Keziban , Ava Mahmut , Ayoğlu Hilal
Published: December 2023

Background and Objective: Placing the laryngoscope blade directly under the epiglottis (known as the direct view (DV) method) during videolaryngoscopy offers a superior view of the glottis when compared to the indirect method of lifting the epiglottis by positioning the Macintosh blade tip over the vallecula. While there are few studies comparing glottic views using Miller and Macintosh blades in pediatric patients, we have not come across such a study in adults. In this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness and hemodynamic responses of the Miller laryngoscope and the McGrath-MAC videolaryngoscope (VL) in visualizing the glottic opening using the DV method. Material and Methods: A prospective study was conducted between August and December 2022 at XXX Hospital on 85 patients scheduled for surgical procedures involving endotracheal intubation. Patients were divided into two groups: Miller laryngoscope (Group M) and McGrath-MAC videolaryngoscope (Group VL) and intubated using the direct lifting method of the epiglottis. Hemodynamic responses before and after induction, as well as during laryngoscopy, intubation time, number of attempts, Cormack and Lehane (C&L) score, percentage of glottic opening (POGO), duration of the view of the opening, and need for external laryngeal pressure during intubation were recorded. Results: Both laryngoscopes showed similar effectiveness in terms of POGO and C&L score when used with the direct lifting method of the epiglottis. The median POGO values according to the DV method were 80% in Group M and 70% in Group VL (p = 0.099). Hemodynamic responses, intubation time, number of attempts, duration of view of the glottis opening, and the need for external laryngeal pressure were similar between the groups. Conclusions: Due to its ability to provide effective intubation conditions, we believe that the McGrath-MAC VL, when used with the indirect view method, can also be utilized in anesthesia practices alongside the DV method.
Hot Deformation Behavior of Fe40Mn20Cr20Ni20 Medium-Entropy Alloy
Authors: Wang Zhen , Ma Qixin , Mao Zhouzhu , He Xikou , Zhao Lei , Che Hongyan , Qiao Junwei
Published: December 2023

Fe40Mn20Cr20Ni20 medium-entropy alloy (MEA) has a single-phase crystal structure with high strength and good ductility at room temperature. It is important to study the hot deformation behavior for this alloy at a partially recrystallized state for possible high-temperature applications. In this investigation, the tensile tests were conducted on sheet materials treated via cold rolling combined with annealing at strain rates of 1 × 10−3–1 × 10−1 s−1 and deformation temperatures of 573–873 K. And the hyperbolic sine model was used to study the relationship between the peak stress, deformation energy storage and Zener–Hollomon parameter (Z parameter) of Fe40Mn20Cr20Ni20 medium-entropy alloys under high-temperature tension. According to the Arrhenius-type model, the constitutive equation of the alloys based on the flow stress was constructed, and the deformation activation energy and material parameters under different strain conditions were obtained. Based on the power dissipation theory and the instability criterion of the dynamic material model, the power dissipation diagram and the instability diagram were constructed, and the hot working map with a strain of 0.1 was obtained. The results show that the hyperbolic sine relation between the peak stress and Zener–Hollomon parameters can be well satisfied, and the deformation activation energy Q is 242.51 KJ/mol. Finally, the excellent thermo-mechanical processing range is calculated based on the hot working map. The flow instability region is 620–700 K and the strain rate is 2 × 10−3–4 × 10−3 s−1, as well as in the range of 787–873 K and 2 × 10−3–2.73 × 10−2 s−1. The optimum thermo-mechanical window is 850–873 K, ε˙ = 1 × 10−3–2 × 10−3 s−1.
Effect of Texture on the Ductile–Brittle Transition Range and Fracture Mechanisms of the Ultrafine-Grained Two-Phase Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy
Authors: Modina Iuliia M. , Dyakonov Grigory S. , Polyakov Alexander V. , Stotskiy Andrey G. , Semenova Irina P.
Published: December 2023

In this work, the technique of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) that enables producing bulk billets was used to form a UFG structure in Ti-6Al-4V alloy. A subsequent warm upsetting simulates die forging and the production of a part. We studied the evolution of the UFG alloy’s crystallographic texture in the process of deformation during the production of a semi-product and/or a part, as well as its effect on the ductile–brittle transition region in the temperature range from −196 °C to 500 °C and the material’s fracture mechanisms. To test Charpy impact strength, standard samples of square cross-section with a V-shape notch were used (KCV). It was found that the impact toughness anisotropy is caused by textural effects and has a pronounced character at temperatures in the ductile–brittle transition range. Up to 100 °C the KCV values are close in the specimens processed by ECAP and ECAP+upsetting (along and perpendicularly to the upsetting axis—along the Z-axis and along the Y-axis, respectively), while a large difference is observed at test temperatures of 200 °C and higher. At a temperature of 500 °C, the impact toughness of the UFG Ti-6Al-4V alloy after ECAP reaches a level of that after ECAP+upsetting in the fracture direction along the Z-axis (1.60 and 1.77 MJ/m2, respectively). Additionally, an additional ECAP upsetting after ECAP decreases the ductile–brittle transition temperature of the UFG Ti-6Al-4V alloy, which increases the temperature margin of the toughness of the structural material and reduces the risk of the catastrophic failure of a product. The fractographic analysis of the fracture surface of the specimens after Charpy tests in a wide temperature range revealed the features of crack propagation depending on the type of the alloy’s microstructure and texture in the fracture direction.