bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflections on … Well-Being and Occupational Rights
Authors: Hammell Karen Whalley
Published: August 2007

Background. Although claiming that engagement in occupations influences well-being, the occupational therapy profession has largely failed to acknowledge and address the relationships between well-being, occupation, and human rights.Purpose. This paper supports the premise that the focus of occupational therapy should be on the right of all people to participate in meaningful occupations, and proposes allegiance to occupational rights: the right of all people to engage in meaningful occupations that contribute positively to their own well-being and the well-being of their communities.Practice implications. The connection between well-being and human rights would be made explicit, occupational rights would be recognized as a political issue and the profession's confinement within health-care services would end. This commitment to occupational rights would bring our practice into line with our espoused belief in the relationship between occupation and well-being, and enable us to state, unequivocally, what occupational therapy contributes to humanity.
Soft Tissue Profile after Distal Molar Movement with a Pendulum K-Loop Appliance Versus Cervical Headgear
Authors: Polat-Ozsoy Omur , Gokcelik Aylin , Güngör-Acar Ahu , Kircelli Beyza Hancioglu
Published: August 2007

Objective: To evaluate the soft tissue changes associated with the pendulum appliance that was supported with a K-loop buccally and to compare these treatment changes with a cervical headgear group.

Materials and Methods: The records of 30 patients having skeletal Class I, dental Class II malocclusions were divided to two groups. Group 1 consisted of 7 girls, 8 boys (mean age, 15.0 ± 3.4 years), and Group 2 consisted of 10 girls, 5 boys (mean age 14.2 ± 2.9 years). The first group was treated with a pendulum appliance that was supported with a K-loop buccally, and the second group was treated with cervical headgear. Lateral cephalograms were taken at the beginning of treatment and at the end of distal molar movement. Treatment changes within the groups were analyzed using the paired t-test, and between group changes were analyzed with the independent t-test.

Results: The results showed that the pendulum/K-loop appliance had no significant effect on skeletal and dental variables and soft tissue A point, upper lip thickness, and sagittal upper lip position relative to the E plane. A significant difference for the change in Vp-Ls distance was found in patients in the pendulum/K-loop group (P < .05). Patients in the cervical headgear group showed significant retrusion in skeletal, dental, and soft tissue measurements (P < .05).

Conclusions: The pendulum/K-loop appliance produces distal molar movement without causing any significant changes in the sagittal or vertical positions of either the jaw or the soft tissue profile.
In Vivo Bonding of Orthodontic Brackets to Fluorosed Enamel using an Adhesion Promotor
Authors: Noble James , Karaiskos Nicholas E. , Wiltshire William A.
Published: August 2007

Objectives: To determine the success of bracket retention using an adhesion promoter with and without the additional microabrasion of enamel.

Materials and Methods: Fifty-two teeth with severe dental fluorosis were bonded in vivo using a split-mouth design where the enamel surfaces of 26 teeth were microabraded with 50 μm of aluminum silicate for 5 seconds under rubber dam and high volume suction. Thirty-seven percent phosphoric acid was then applied to the enamel, washed and dried, and followed by placement of Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus Bonding Adhesive. Finally, precoated 3M Unitek Victory brackets were placed and light cured. The remaining teeth were bonded using the same protocol but without microabrasion.

Results: After 9 months of intraoral service, only one bond failure occurred in the control group where microabrasion was used. Chi-square analysis revealed P = .31, indicating no statistical significance between the two groups.

Conclusions: Bonding orthodontic attachments to fluorosed enamel using an adhesion promoter is a viable clinical procedure that does not require the additional micro-mechanical abrasion step.
Factors Regulating Endochondral Ossification in the Spheno-occipital Synchondrosis
Authors: Lei Wai Yip , Wong Ricky W. K. , Rabie A. B. M.
Published: August 2007

Objectives: To identify the temporal pattern of core-binding factor α1 (Cbfa1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions in the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in vitro with and without tensile stress.

Materials and Methods: Sixty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into an experimental group (with tensile stress) and a control group (without tensile stress) at each of five time points. Animals were sacrificed and the cranial base synchondroses were aseptically removed. In the experimental groups, mechanical stress was applied on the surgical explants with helical springs and incubated as organ culture for 6, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours. In the control group, the springs were kept at zero stress. Tissue sections were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for quantitative analysis of Cbfa1 and VEGF expression.

Results: Quantitative analysis revealed that Cbfa1 and VEGF expressions reached a peak increase at 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Compared with the control groups, both Cbfa1 and VEGF were expressed consistently higher in the experimental groups at all time points.

Conclusion: Mechanical stress applied to the spheno-occipital synchondrosis elicits Cbfa1 expression and subsequently up-regulates the expression of VEGF. Increased levels of expression of both factors could play a role in the growth of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis.
Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen during Experimental Tooth Movement
Authors: Gokce Sila , Bengi A. Osman , Akin Erol , Karacay Seniz , Sagdic Deniz , Kurkcu Mehmet , Gokce Hasan Suat
Published: August 2007

Objective: To determine the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male, adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. HBO was administered in the first group, and the second group served as a control. The mandibular first molars were moved mesially by means of Ni-Ti closed coil springs in all groups.

Results: Results were evaluated histomorphometrically and the parameters of trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular bone number (Tr.N), and trabecular separation (Tr.Sep) were evaluated at the interradicular bone area of the mandibular first molars. Increases in BV/TV and Tr.N and decreases in Tr.Sep revealed the osteoblastic activity of HBO. HBO application caused an increase in bone apposition and osteoblastic activity or a decrease in osteoclastic activity.

Conclusions: HBO enhanced the bone formation during experimental tooth movement. Therefore, the findings of this study support our hypothesis that osteoblastic activity might be modulated by changes in the environmental oxygen tension.
Patients' Perceptions Regarding Microimplant as Anchorage in Orthodontics
Authors: Lee Tony C. K. , McGrath Colman P. J. , Wong Ricky W. K. , Rabie A. Bakr M.
Published: August 2007

Objective: To determine patients' expectations, acceptance, and experience of pain with microimplant surgery compared to other orthodontic procedures.

Materials and Methods: Seventy-eight microimplants were placed in 37 patients as an anchorage unit for orthodontic treatment. Patients were asked to rate anticipated pain and pain experienced with various orthodontic procedures (tooth extraction, insertion of separators, initial tooth alignment, and microimplant surgery) on a visual analog scale (VAS) over a 7-day period. One month after insertion of microimplants, patients were asked to rate their acceptance of the procedure using a structured questionnaire.

Results: Unlike other orthodontic procedures, patients expected to experience a significantly higher level of pain with microimplant surgery than they experienced (P < .001). The postoperative pain experienced decreased continuously from day 1 to day 7 for all orthodontic procedures (P < .05). The total area under the curve (AUC) of pain experienced over the 7-day period was significantly larger for initial tooth alignment than for microimplant surgery (P < .05). Most patients were satisfied with the microimplant surgery (76%) and would recommend it to a friend or family member (78%).

Conclusions: Patients tended to overestimate the pain anticipated with microimplant surgery. Patients were accepting of the surgery and would recommend it to others.
Effectiveness of an Essential Oil Mouthrinse in Improving Oral Health in Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Tufekci Eser , Casagrande Zachary A. , Lindauer Steven J. , Fowler Chad E. , Williams Kelly T.
Published: August 2007

Objective: To test the null hypothesis that adding Listerine mouthrinse to the standard oral hygiene regimen has no added benefit for orthodontic patients in maintaining proper oral health.

Materials and Methods: Patients within their first 6 months of orthodontic treatment were assigned either to the brushing + flossing (N = 25) or brushing + flossing + Listerine (N = 25) group. Initially, all of the participants received a prophylaxis and instructions on how to brush and floss. Measurements were recorded for the bleeding, gingival, and plaque indices (BI, MGI, and PI, respectively) that provided baseline values (T1). Subsequent measurements were taken at 3 months (T2) and 6 months (T3). Mean BI, MGI, and PI at T1, T2, and T3 were compared statistically between the groups using repeated measures analysis of variance. The significance level was set at P ≤ .05.

Results: The response profiles for the BI, MGI, and PI over time were significantly different between the two groups. Patients who had Listerine in their daily oral hygiene regimen exhibited significantly lower scores for all three indices at T2 and T3 than the patients who only brushed and flossed.

Conclusions: The hypothesis is rejected. This study shows that use of Listerine mouthrinse can reduce the amount of plaque and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Adding Listerine to the standard oral hygiene regimen may be beneficial for orthodontic patients in maintaining proper oral health, thus reducing the likelihood that white spot lesions and gingivitis will develop.
PAR Evaluation of Treated Class I Extraction Patients
Authors: Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore , Freitas Daniel Salvatore , Valarelli Fabrício Pinelli , Freitas Marcos Roberto , Janson Guilherme
Published: August 2007

Objective: To evaluate treatment changes and quality of finishing occlusion in Class I patients treated with four premolar extractions.

Material and Methods: Dental casts of 94 subjects (50 males and 44 females) were evaluated. Mean pretreatment age was 13.46 years, and mean treatment time was 2.09 years. The peer assessment rating (PAR) index was obtained from pretreatment and posttreatment dental casts.

Results: The mean pretreatment PAR index of 29.46 was reduced to 6.32 at posttreatment stage, achieving a reduction of 78.54% with treatment. There was correlation between the initial PAR and correction during treatment, that is, the more severe the malocclusion the greater the treatment changes.

Conclusion: The cases evaluated showed a high-standard orthodontic finishing.
Nickel, Chromium and Iron Levels in the Saliva of Patients with Simulated Fixed Orthodontic Appliances
Authors: Matos de Souza Rodrigo , Macedo de Menezes Luciane
Published: August 2007

Objective: To assess the in vivo release of nickel, chromium, and iron ions into saliva by different metallic brackets.

Materials and Methods: Thirty volunteers wore removable appliances with bonded brackets and were divided according to the brand of brackets: group A, 3M/Unitek (AISI 303); group B, American Orthodontics (AISI 316L); and group C, Dentaurum (AISI 316L). The appliances were worn for 60 days, and saliva samples were collected at the following time points: T1, before placement of the appliance; T2, after 10 minutes; T3, 24 hours; T4, 7 days; T5, 30 days; and T6, 60 days after insertion of the removable appliance. Saliva samples were analyzed for nickel, chromium, and iron by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis was performed by nonparametric tests (Friedman, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis).

Results: Saliva evaluation revealed a large variation in concentration of these ions between individuals. The results also appeared to indicate an increase in nickel and chromium ions immediately after placement of the appliance (T2), but this was statistically significant only for groups B and C. There was no increase in iron levels. A tendency for increases in nickel and chromium concentrations was verified immediately after placement of the appliance, but these values are probably reduced because of biofilm formation regardless of the bracket used.

Conclusion: Nickel and chromium ion concentrations increased immediately after placement of the appliance in the mouth for all study groups. There were no significant differences in the nickel, chromium, and iron levels released by the three groups of appliances at all study periods.
Childhood Predictors of Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Franks Paul W. , Hanson Robert L. , Knowler William C. , Moffett Carol , Enos Gleebah , Infante Aniello M. , Krakoff Jonathan , Looker Helen C.
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVE—Optimal prevention of young-onset type 2 diabetes requires identification of the early-life modifiable risk factors. We aimed to do this using longitudinal data in 1,604 5- to 19-year-old initially nondiabetic American Indians.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—For type 2 diabetes prediction, we derived an optimally weighted, continuously distributed, standardized multivariate score (zMS) comprising commonly measured metabolic, anthropometric, and vascular traits (i.e., fasting and 2-h glucose, A1C, BMI, waist circumference, fasting insulin, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressures) and compared the predictive power for each feature against zMS.

RESULTS—In separate Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity, zMS and each of its component risk factors were associated with incident type 2 diabetes. Stepwise proportional hazards models selected fasting glucose, 2-h glucose, HDL cholesterol, and BMI as independent diabetes predictors; individually, these were weaker predictors than zMS (P < 0.01). However, a parsimonious summary score combining only these variables had predictive power similar to that of zMS (P = 0.33). Although intrauterine diabetes exposure or parental history of young-onset diabetes increased a child’s absolute risk of developing diabetes, the magnitude of the diabetes-risk relationships for zMS and the parsimonious score were similar irrespective of familial risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS—We have determined the relative value of the features of the metabolic syndrome in childhood for the prediction of subsequent type 2 diabetes. Our findings suggest that strategies targeting obesity, dysregulated glucose homeostasis, and low HDL cholesterol during childhood and adolescence may have the most success in preventing diabetes.
Contraction Stimulates Nitric Oxide–Independent Microvascular Recruitment and Increases Muscle Insulin Uptake
Authors: Inyard April C. , Clerk Lucy H. , Vincent Michelle A. , Barrett Eugene J.
Published: August 2007

We examined whether contraction-induced muscle microvascular recruitment would expand the surface area for insulin and nutrient exchange and thereby contribute to insulin-mediated glucose disposal. We measured in vivo rat hindlimb microvascular blood volume (MBV) using contrast ultrasound and femoral blood flow (FBF) using Doppler ultrasound in response to a stimulation frequency range. Ten minutes of 0.1-Hz isometric contraction more than doubled MBV (P < 0.05; n = 6) without affecting FBF (n = 7), whereas frequencies >0.5 Hz increased both. Specific inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase with Nω-l-nitro-arginine-methyl ester (n = 5) significantly elevated mean arterial pressure by ∼30 mmHg but had no effect on basal FBF or MBV. We next examined whether selectively elevating MBV without increasing FBF (0.1-Hz contractions) increased muscle uptake of albumin-bound Evans blue dye (EBD). Stimulation at 0.1 Hz (10 min) elicited more than twofold increases in EBD content (micrograms EBD per gram dry tissue) in stimulated versus contralateral muscle (n = 8; 52.2 ± 3.8 vs. 20 ± 2.5, respectively; P < 0.001). We then measured muscle uptake of EBD and 125I-labeled insulin (dpm per gram dry tissue) with 0.1-Hz stimulation (n = 6). Uptake of EBD (19.1 ± 3.8 vs. 9.9 ± 1; P < 0.05) and 125I-insulin (5,300 ± 800 vs. 4,244 ± 903; P < 0.05) was greater in stimulated muscle versus control. Low-frequency contraction increases muscle MBV by a NO-independent pathway and facilitates muscle uptake of albumin and insulin in the absence of blood flow increases. This microvascular response may, in part, explain enhanced insulin action in exercising skeletal muscle.
Variants in the Cav2.3 (α1E) Subunit of Voltage-Activated Ca2+ Channels Are Associated With Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes in Pima Indians
Authors: Li Muller Yunhua , Hanson Robert L. , Zimmerman Collin , Harper Inge , Sutherland Jeff , Kobes Sayuko ,   the International Type 2 Diabetes 1q Consortium, Knowler William C. , Bogardus Clifton , Baier Leslie J.
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVE— Linkage to type 2 diabetes has been reported on chromosome 1q21-25 in Pima Indians. Fine mapping identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the CACNA1E gene associated with this disease. CACNA1E encodes the voltage-dependent calcium channel Cav2.3 Ca2+, and mice lacking this channel exhibit impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. Therefore, CACNA1E was investigated as a positional candidate gene.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— CACNA1E was sequenced, and 28 SNPs were genotyped in the same group of Pima subjects who had been analyzed in the linkage study. Allele-specific expression was used to functionally evaluate a variant in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR).

RESULTS— A novel G/A variant in the 3′-UTR was associated with young-onset type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 2.09 per copy of the G-allele [95% CI 1.31–3.33], adjusted P = 0.001) and had an effect on the evidence for linkage at chromosome 1q21-25 (P = 0.004). Among 372 nondiabetic Pima subjects who had undergone metabolic testing, the risk allele was associated with reduced insulin action including increased fasting, 30, 60, and 120 min plasma glucose concentrations and increased fasting plasma insulin during an oral glucose tolerance test (all P < 0.01), as well as a decreased rate of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal at both physiologically and maximally stimulated insulin concentrations (both P < 0.002). Functional analysis of this variant showed that the nonrisk allele had a 2.3-fold higher expression compared with the risk allele.

CONCLUSIONS— A functional variant in CACNA1E contributes to type 2 diabetes susceptibility by affecting insulin action. This variant partially explains the linkage to type 2 diabetes on chromosome 1q21-25 in Pima Indians.
Hyperinsulinemia Rapidly Increases Human Muscle Microvascular Perfusion but Fails to Increase Muscle Insulin Clearance
Authors: Eggleston Emma M. , Jahn Linda A. , Barrett Eugene J.
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVE—Transport of insulin from the central circulation into muscle is rate limiting for the stimulation of glucose metabolism. By recruiting muscle microvasculature, insulin may promote its own movement into muscle interstitium. We tested whether in humans, as in the rat, insulin exerts an early action to recruit microvasculature within skeletal muscle. We further hypothesized that expansion of the microvascular volume of muscle would enhance muscle insulin clearance.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Microvascular volume, total blood flow, and muscle insulin and glucose uptake (forearm balance method) were measured in 14 lean, healthy volunteers before and during a 2-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (1 mU · kg−1 · min−1). Microvascular volume was measured using contrast-enhanced ultrasound.

RESULTS—Forearm muscle microvascular volume increased within 20 min of insulin infusion (P < 0.01), whereas an effect to increase total forearm flow was not observed until 100 min. Forearm insulin uptake increased with physiological hyperinsulinemia (15 ± 3 and 87 ± 13 fmol · min−1 · 100 ml−1 basal vs. last 40 min of clamp, P < 0.001). However, the extraction fraction and clearance of insulin declined (P = 0.02, for each), indicating saturability of muscle insulin uptake at physiological hyperinsulinemia.

CONCLUSIONS—Skeletal muscle contributes to peripheral insulin clearance both in the basal state and with physiological hyperinsulinemia. Insulin promptly expands human muscle microvascular volume but only slowly increases blood flow. Despite increased microvascular volume available for insulin uptake, muscle insulin clearance decreases significantly. These findings are consistent with the presence of a saturable transport mechanism facilitating the transendothelial transport of insulin into human muscle.
Protective Effects of Cyclooxygenase-2 Gene Inactivation Against Peripheral Nerve Dysfunction and Intraepidermal Nerve Fiber Loss in Experimental Diabetes
Authors: Kellogg Aaron P. , Wiggin Tim D. , Larkin Dennis D. , Hayes John M. , Stevens Martin J. , Pop-Busui Rodica
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVE—Activation of the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway with secondary neurovascular deficits are implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The aim of this study was to explore the interrelationships between hyperglycemia, activation of the COX-2 pathway, and oxidative stress and inflammation in mediating peripheral nerve dysfunction and whether COX-2 gene inactivation attenuates nerve fiber loss in long-term experimental diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Motor and sensory digital nerve conduction velocities, sciatic nerve indexes of oxidative stress, prostaglandin content, markers of inflammation, and intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density were measured after 6 months in control and diabetic COX-2–deficient (COX-2−/−) and littermate wild-type (COX-2+/+) mice. The effects of a selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, on these markers were also investigated in diabetic rats.

RESULTS—Under normal conditions, there were no differences in blood glucose, peripheral nerve electrophysiology, markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and IENF density between COX-2+/+ and COX-2−/− mice. After 6 months, diabetic COX-2+/+ mice experienced significant deterioration in nerve conduction velocities and IENF density and developed important signs of increased oxidative stress and inflammation compared with nondiabetic mice. Diabetic COX-2−/− mice were protected against functional and biochemical deficits of experimental DPN and against nerve fiber loss. In diabetic rats, selective COX-2 inhibition replicated this protection.

CONCLUSIONS—These data suggest that selective COX-2 inhibition may be useful for preventing or delaying DPN.
A non-associative generalization of MV-algebras
Authors: Chajda Ivan , Kühr Jan
Published: August 2007

We consider a non-associative generalization of MV-algebras. The underlying posets of our non-associative MV-algebras are not lattices, but they are related to so-called λ-lattices.
Strengthened fixed point property and products in ordered sets
Authors: Niederle Josef
Published: August 2007

Strengthened fixed point property for ordered sets is formulated. It is weaker than the strong fixed point property due to Duffus and Sauer and stronger than the product property meaning that A × Y has the fixed point property whenever A has the former and Y has the latter. In particular, doubly chain complete ordered sets with no infinite antichain have the strengthened fixed point property whenever they have the fixed point property, which yields a transparent proof of the well-known theorem saying that doubly chain complete ordered sets with no infinite antichain have the product property whenever they have the fixed point property. The new proof does not require the axiom of choice.
Modal operators on bounded commutative residuated ℓ-monoids
Authors: Rachůnek Jiří , Šalounová Dana
Published: August 2007

Bounded commutative residuated lattice ordered monoids (Rℓ-monoids) are a common generalization of, e.g., Heyting algebras and BL-algebras, i.e., algebras of intuitionistic logic and basic fuzzy logic, respectively. Modal operators (special cases of closure operators) on Heyting algebras were studied in [MacNAB, D. S.: Modal operators on Heyting algebras, Algebra Universalis 12 (1981), 5–29] and on MV-algebras in [HARLENDEROVÁ,M.—RACHŮNEK, J.: Modal operators on MV-algebras, Math. Bohem. 131 (2006), 39–48]. In the paper we generalize the notion of a modal operator for general bounded commutative Rℓ-monoids and investigate their properties also for certain derived algebras.
Relative purity over noetherian rings
Authors: Bican Ladislav
Published: August 2007

In this note we are going to show that if M is a left module over a left noetherian ring R of the infinite cardinality λ ≥ |R|, then its injective hull E(M) is of the same size. Further, if M is an injective module with |M| ≥ (2λ)+ and K ≤ M is its submodule such that |M/K| ≤ λ, then K contains an injective submodule L with |M/L| ≤ 2λ. These results are applied to modules which are torsionfree with respect to a given hereditary torsion theory and generalize the results obtained by different methods in author’s previous papers: [A note on pure subgroups, Contributions to General Algebra 12. Proceedings of the Vienna Conference, June 3–6, 1999, Verlag Johannes Heyn, Klagenfurt, 2000, pp. 105–107], [Pure subgroups, Math. Bohem. 126 (2001), 649–652].
Strongly almost convergent generalized difference sequences associated with multiplier sequences
Authors: Esi Ayhan , Tripathy Binod
Published: August 2007

Let Λ = (λk) be a sequence of non-zero complex numbers. In this paper we introduce the strongly almost convergent generalized difference sequence spaces associated with multiplier sequences i.e. w
0[A,Δm,Λ,p], w
1[A,Λm,Λ,p], w
∞[A,Δm,Λ,p] and study their different properties. We also introduce ΔΛm-statistically convergent sequences and give some inclusion relations between w
1[Δm,λ,p] convergence and ΔΛm-statistical convergence.
Rate of approximation for the Bézier variant of Balazs Kantorovich operators
Authors: Gupta Vijay , Zeng X.
Published: August 2007

In the present paper we study the Bézier variant of the well known Balazs-Kantorovich operators L
n,α(f,x), α ≥ 1. We establish the rate of convergence for functions of bounded variation. For particular value α = 1, our main theorem completes a result due to Agratini [Math. Notes (Miskolc) 2 (2001), 3–10].
Non-homeomorphic density topologies
Authors: Wroński Stanisław
Published: August 2007

In [ANISZCZYK, B.-FRANKIEWICZ, R.: Non homeomorphic density topologies, Bull. Polish Acad. Sci. Math. 34 (1986), 211–213] the authors constructed 2c non-homeomorphic density topologies tied to the concept of measure. In [WROŃSKI, S.: The number of non-homeomorphic I-density topologies. Institute of Mathematics of Polish Academy of Sciences. Preprint 482, December 1990, XXXIV Semester in Banach Center, Theory of Real Functions] an analogous construction has been given for topologies tied to the concept of category. Here we present a generalization containing both the results mentioned above. This generalization based only on the topological ideas is independent of the concept of measure or category.
Infinite products of filters
Authors: Davis Brian , Labuda Iwo
Published: August 2007

Stability of some classes of filters under the (infinite, Tikhonov) product operation is investigated. Applications to productivity of some types of set valued maps are given.
Strong laws of large numbers for weighted sums of
$$\tilde \rho $$
-mixing random variables
Authors: Cai Guang-hui
Published: August 2007

Strong laws are established for linear statistics that are weighted sums of a
$$\tilde \rho $$
-mixing random sample. The results obtained generalize the results of Baxter et al. [SLLN for weighted independent indentically distributed random variables, J. Theoret. Probab. 17 (2004), 165–181] to
$$\tilde \rho $$
-mixing random variables.
Different kinds of sufficiency in the general Gauss-Markov model
Authors: Kornacki Andrzej
Published: August 2007

Sufficiency is one of the fundamental notions in mathematical statistics. In connection with the general linear Gauss-Markov model GM (y,Xβ, σ
2
V), there are some modifications of this notion such as linear sufficiency (Baksalary and Kala, Drygas) invariant linearly sufficiency (Oktaba, Kornacki, Wawrzosek) and quadratic sufficiency (Mueller). All these variants denote such transformations of the model GM that preserve properties essential in statistical inference. In the present paper we give mutual relations between above three classes of statistics.
Some new sequence spaces defined by lacunary sequences
Authors: Savas Ekrem , Karakaya Vatan
Published: August 2007

It is natural to expect that lacunary almost convergence must be related to the some concept of lacunary almost bounded variations in the some view as almost convergence is related to almost bounded variation. The purpose of this paper is to examine this new concept in some details. Some inclusion theorems have been established.
Malaria
Authors: Vickery R.C.
Published: August 2007

Self‐Treatment Medication
Nanostructure‐Dependent Vertical Charge Transport in MEH‐PPV Films
Authors: Huang Y.‐F. , Inigo A. R. , Chang C.‐C. , Li K.‐C. , Liang C.‐F. , Chang C.‐W. , Lim T.‐S. , Chen S.‐H. , White J. D. , Jeng U‐S. , Su A.‐C. , Huang Y.‐S. , Peng K.‐Y. , Chen S.‐A. , Pai W.‐W. , Lin C.‐H. , Tameev A. R. , Novikov S. V. , Vannikov A. V. , Fann W.‐S.
Published: August 2007

The correlation between morphology and charge‐carrier mobility in the vertical direction in thin films of poly(2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene) (MEH‐PPV) is investigated by a combination of X‐ray reflectivity (XRR), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), fluorescence optical microscopy (FOM), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy (PLE), as well as time‐of‐flight (TOF) and transient electroluminescence (TrEL) techniques. The mobility is about two orders of magnitude greater for drop‐cast films than for their spin‐cast counterparts. Drop‐casting in the presence of a vertical static electric field (E‐casting) results in films with an additional increase in mobility of about one order of magnitude. While PL and PLE spectra vary with the method of film preparation, there is no correlation between emission spectra and charge‐carrier mobility. Our XRR measurements on spin‐cast films indicate layering along the film depth while no such structure is found in drop‐cast or E‐cast films, whereas FESEM examination indicates that nanodomains within drop‐cast films are eliminated in the E‐cast case. These observations indicate that carrier transport is influenced by structure on two different length scales. The low mobility observed in spin‐cast films is a direct result of a global layered structure with characteristic thickness of ca. 4 nm: in the absence of this layered structure, drop‐cast films with inherent nanoscale heterogeneities (ca. 20 nm in size) exhibit much better hole mobility. Elimination of nanodomains via electric‐field alignment results in further improved charge mobility.
New Family of Ruthenium‐Dye‐ Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO2 Solar Cells with a High Solar‐Energy‐Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Chen K.‐S. , Liu W.‐H. , Wang Y.‐H. , Lai C.‐H. , Chou P.‐T. , Lee G.‐H. , Chen K. , Chen H.‐Y. , Chi Y. , Tung F.‐C.
Published: August 2007

A new type of ruthenium complexes 6–8 with tridentate bipyridine–pyrazolate ancillary ligands has been synthesized in an attempt to elongate the π‐conjugated system as well as to increase the optical extinction coefficient, possible dye uptake on TiO2, and photostability. Structural characterization, photophysical studies, and corresponding theoretical approaches have been made to ensure their fundamental basis. As for dye‐sensitized solar cell applications, it was found that 6–8 possess a larger dye uptake of 2.4 × 10–7 mol cm–2, 1.5 × 10–7 mol cm–2, and 1.3 × 10–7 mol cm–2, respectively, on TiO2 than that of the commercial N3 dye (1.1 × 10–7 mol cm–2). Compound 8 works as a highly efficient photosensitizer for the dye‐sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cell, producing a 5.65 % solar‐light‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency (compare with 6.01 % for N3 in this study), a short‐circuit current density of 15.6 mA cm–2, an open‐circuit photovoltage of 0.64 V, and a fill factor of 0.57 under standard AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm–2). These, in combination with its superior thermal and light‐soaking stability, lead to the conclusion that the concomitant tridentate binding properties offered by the bipyridine‐pyrazolate ligand render a more stable complexation, such that extended life spans of DSSCs may be expected.
Agglomeration and adhesion free energy of paracetamol crystals in organic solvents
Authors: Ålander Eva M. , Rasmuson Åke C.
Published: August 2007

The agglomeration of paracetamol during crystallization in different pure solvents has been investigated. Narrowly sieved crystals were suspended as seeds and allowed to grow and agglomerate at constant supersaturation and temperature. Particles from each experiment were examined by image analysis and multivariate data evaluation, for the number of crystals per particle. From the resulting number distribution, parameters defining the “degree of agglomeration” were extracted. The degree of agglomeration among the product particles is fairly low in water, methanol, and ethanol, while it is substantial in acetone particularly, but also in acetonitrile and methyl ethyl ketone. Surfaces of large, well‐grown paracetamol crystals have been characterized by contact angle measurements. The surface free energy components of different crystal faces have been estimated using Lifshitz–van der Waals acid–base theory. The data are used for estimation of the solid–liquid interfacial free energy of each face in the solvents of the agglomeration experiments and the corresponding crystal–crystal adhesion free energy of pairs of faces. The degree of agglomeration in different solvents does correlate to the free energies of adhesion. This supports the hypothesis that the influence of the solvent on the crystal agglomeration relates to physico‐chemical adhesion forces between crystal faces in the solution. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 53, 2007
Two‐phase flow patterns in large diameter vertical pipes at high pressures
Authors: Omebere‐Iyari N. K. , Azzopardi B. J. , Ladam Y.
Published: August 2007

The flow pattern characteristics for a mixture of naphtha and nitrogen in a 52‐m high, 189‐mm diameter vertical pipe at 20 and 90 bar are reported. Time varying, void fraction and pressure variations along the riser were measured. For the former, gamma densitometers were employed. It was found that the classic slug flow pattern was not present in these experiments. The observed flow patterns are classified as bubble, intermittent, semiannular, and annular. All the methods for flow pattern transitions in vertical two‐phase flow tested against the present experiments give poor predictions. The identification and delineation of flow patterns using probability density function distribution of the cross‐sectionally averaged void fraction is consistent with the methods of employing pressure gradient fluctuations and structure velocity. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 53, 2007
Smoking increases the risk of venous thrombosis and acts synergistically with oral contraceptive use
Authors: Pomp Elisabeth R. , Rosendaal Frits R. , Doggen Carine J.M.
Published: August 2007

The results of studies investigating the relationship of smoking with venous thrombosis are inconsistent. Therefore, in the MEGA study, a large population‐based case–control study, we evaluated smoking as a risk factor for venous thrombosis and the joint effect with oral contraceptive use and the factor V Leiden mutation. Consecutive patients with a first venous thrombosis were included from six anticoagulation clinics. Partners of patients were asked to participate and additional controls were recruited using a random digit dialing method. Participants completed a standardized questionnaire. Individuals with known malignancies were excluded from the analyses, leaving a total of 3,989 patients and 4,900 controls. Current and former smoking resulted in a moderately increased risk of venous thrombosis (odds ratio (OR)current 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI95) 1.28–1.60, ORformer 1.23, CI95 1.09–1.38) compared with nonsmoking. Adjustment for fibrinogen levels did not substantially change these risk estimates. A high number of pack‐years resulted in the highest risk among young current smokers (OR≥20 pack‐years 4.30, CI95 2.59–7.14) compared with young nonsmokers. Women who were current smokers and used oral contraceptives had an 8.8‐fold higher risk (OR 8.79, CI95 5.73–13.49) than nonsmoking women who did not use oral contraceptives. Relative to nonsmoking noncarriers, the joint effect of factor V Leiden and current smoking led to a 5.0‐fold increased risk; for the prothrombin 20210A mutation this was a 6.0‐fold increased risk. In conclusion, smoking appears to be a risk factor for venous thrombosis with the greatest relative effect among young women using oral contraceptives. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rheological modeling of the tensile creep behavior of paper
Authors: DeMaio A. , Patterson T.
Published: August 2007

Paper is a networked structure of randomly bonded fibers. These fibers are composed of naturally occurring polymeric materials (cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin). Polymeric materials such as these exhibit viscoelastic deformation, and as a result, creep under an applied stress. A rheological model has been developed to predict the tensile creep behavior of paper under a uni‐axial stress. Specifically, the focus of this model was to predict creep strain using only stress, time, and efficiency factor (effectiveness of bonding). This rheological model offers insight into creep behavior (drawing from molecular creep mechanisms) and separates total strain from creep into initial elastic, primary creep, and secondary creep components. Interfiber bonding is taken into account through the use of an efficiency factor which represents how effectively bonding is distributing load throughout the fiber network of the paper. As a result, this model makes it possible to predict the creep behavior of paper over a range of bonding levels, induced by mechanical changes in bonded area or chemical modification of specific bond strength, using creep data from paper at any single level of bonding. This utility is retained as long as the fibers and the orientation of the fibers are not changed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
An inviscid regularization for the surface quasi‐geostrophic equation
Authors: Khouider Boualem , Titi Edriss S.
Published: August 2007

Inspired by recent developments in Berdina‐like models for turbulence, we propose an inviscid regularization for the surface quasi‐geostrophic (SQG) equations. We are particularly interested in the celebrated question of blowup in finite time of the solution gradient of the SQG equations. The new regularization yields a necessary and sufficient condition, satisfied by the regularized solution, when a regularization parameter α tends to 0 for the solution of the original SQG equations to develop a singularity in finite time. As opposed to the commonly used viscous regularization, the inviscid equations derived here conserve a modified energy. Therefore, the new regularization provides an attractive numerical procedure for finite‐time blowup testing. In particular, we prove that, if the initial condition is smooth, then the regularized solution remains as smooth as the initial data for all times. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the initial‐boundary value problem of the incompressible viscoelastic fluid system
Authors: Lin Fanghua , Zhang Ping
Published: August 2007

In this paper, we shall establish the local well‐posedness of the initial‐boundary value problem of the viscoelastic fluid system of the Oldroyd model. We shall also prove that the local solutions can be extended globally and that the global solutions decay exponentially fast as time goes to infinity provided that the initial data are sufficiently close to the equilibrium state. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
gLite Job Provenance—a job‐centric view
Authors: Křenek Aleš , Sitera Jiří , Matyska Luděk , Dvořák František , Mulač Miloš , Ruda Miroslav , Salvet Zdeněk
Published: August 2007

Job Provenance (JP), part of the gLite Grid middleware, is a service that keeps long‐term trace on completed computations for further reference. It is a job‐centric service, keeping records about job life cycle, its environment, inputs/outputs, user parameters, and annotations. During the first provenance challenge, we explored the relation between a specific job‐centric Grid‐oriented provenance and a more general data provenance approach. The challenge represents a use case which emphasizes fields that were not priorities in the original JP design. However, we proved that the design is sufficiently general to cope with this mode of use. We also identified several areas where it is feasible to extend the current implementation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Integration of Tellurium Oxide into Mixed‐Network‐Former Glasses: Connectivity Distribution in the System NaPO3–TeO2
Authors: Rinke Matthias T. , Zhang Long , Eckert Hellmut
Published: August 2007

Sodium phosphate tellurite glasses in the system (NaPO3)x(TeO2)1−x were prepared and structurally characterized by thermal analysis, vibrational spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and a variety of complementary solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Unlike the situation in other mixed‐network‐former glasses, the interaction between the two network formers tellurium oxide and phosphorus oxide produces no new structural units, and no sharing of the network modifier Na2O takes place. The glass structure can be regarded as a network of interlinked metaphosphate‐type P(2) tetrahedral and TeO4/2 antiprismatic units. The combined interpretation of the O 1s XPS data and the 31P solid‐state NMR spectra presents clear quantitative evidence for a nonstatistical connectivity distribution. Rather, the formation of homoatomic POP and TeOTe linkages is favored over mixed POTe connectivities. As a consequence of this chemical segregation effect, the spatial sodium distribution is not random, as also indicated by a detailed analysis of 31P/23Na rotational echo double‐resonance (REDOR) experiments.
Incompleteness of bifurcation diagram in predicting the behaviour of Ćuk converter in discontinuous conduction mode
Authors: Basak Biswarup , Parui Sukanya
Published: August 2007

The bifurcation phenomena have been studied in current mode‐controlled Ćuk converter considering continuous conduction as well as discontinuous conduction mode of operation. Some peculiarities have been observed in discontinuous conduction mode, which indicate some incompleteness of the bifurcation diagrams in providing details of the system behaviour. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diphthalocyaninatolanthanum as a New Phthalocyaninato‐Dianion Donor for the Synthesis of Heteroleptic Triple‐Decker Rare Earth Element Crown‐Phthalocyaninato Complexes
Authors: Martynov Alexander G. , Zubareva Olga V. , Gorbunova Yulia G. , Sakharov Sergey G. , Nefedov Sergey E. , Dolgushin Fedor M. , Tsivadze Aslan Yu.
Published: August 2007

A novel synthetic approach towards heteroleptic triple‐decker crown‐phthalocyaninato complexes [(15C5)4Pc]M[(15C5)4Pc]M(Pc) and (Pc)M[(15C5)4Pc]M(Pc) [where (15C5)4Pc2– = 2,3,9,10,16,17,24,25‐tetrakis(15‐crown‐5)phthalocyaninato dianion; Pc2– = phthalocyaninato dianion; M = Sm, Tb, Dy, Tm and Y] has been developed. It utilises the application of diphthalocyaninatolanthanum, La(Pc)2, as a new source of the phthalocyaninato dianion instead of well known Li2(Pc). In contrast to the highly hygroscopic Li2(Pc), La(Pc)2 is quite air‐stable and its use allowed a significant decrease in reaction times. All the synthesised complexes were characterised by UV/Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy as well as MALDI TOF mass spectrometry. The X‐ray structure of heteroleptic triple‐decker crown‐phthalocyaninato (Pc)Sm[(15C5)4Pc]Sm(Pc) was determined. These new heteroleptic phthalocyaninato complexes are interesting because of their potential as components in new supramolecular materials. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Size‐Controlled Water‐Soluble Ag Nanoparticles
Authors: Domínguez‐Vera José M. , Gálvez Natividad , Sánchez Purificación , Mota Antonio J. , Trasobares Susana , Hernández Juan C. , Calvino Jose J.
Published: August 2007

Ag nanoparticles of two different sizes (1 and 4 nm) were prepared within an apoferritin cavity by using an Ag+‐loaded apoferritin as a nanoconfined environment for their construction. The initial amount of Ag+ ions injected in the apoferritin cavity dictates the size of the final Ag particles. The protein shell prevents bulk aggregation of the metal particles, which renders them water soluble and extremely stable.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Remarkable Functions of Long‐Chain Alkyl Groups in Halogen‐Bridged Nickel(III) Nanowire Complexes
Authors: Ohtsu Hideki , Takaishi Shinya , Imamura Keita , Ishii Ayumi , Tanaka Koji , Hasegawa Miki , Yamashita Masahiro
Published: August 2007

The long‐chain alkyl groups of new bidentate ligands make it possible to generate nickel MX–chain complexes exhibiting the shortest NiIII–NiIII distance among all MX–chain compounds reported. Dissolution in organic solvents occurs without dissociation of the MX–chain units, and the successful fabrication of thin films is reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
In Pursuit ofcis,cis,cis‐Cyclonona‐2,5,8‐triene‐1,4,7‐trione – An Adventure in Medium‐Sized Ring Chemistry
Authors: Pleschke Axel , Geier Jens , Keller Manfred , Wörth Jürgen , Knothe Lothar , Prinzbach Horst
Published: August 2007

Attempts to synthesize the long soughtafter tris‐π‐homobenzenecis,cis,cis‐2,5,8‐cyclononatriene‐1,4,7‐trione, via the newly prepared cyclononane‐1,4,7‐trione (C9H6O3), through base‐catalysed threefold HBr elimination from an efficiently prepared and stereochemically uniform tribromo derivative, failed due to typical medium‐ring complications, transannular reactions and an exceptional ease of polymerization. In the cations generated in the vapour phase through electron‐impact ionization (MS), the threefold elimination of (H)Br, competing with the elimination of CO, led to C9H7O3+ions, whereas the impressively neat anionic three‐step fragmentation pathway resulted in C9H6O3–ion(s). Whilst the compositions of these bromine‐free ions, which were in part computationally approached {B3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p)}, and their assignments appeared compatible with the protonated and anionic target molecules, their true natures remain open. X‐ray structural analyses for several (bridged) nine‐membered ring compounds are provided. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)