bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning-Enhanced Flexible Mechanical Sensing
Authors: Wang Yuejiao , Adam Mukhtar Lawan , Zhao Yunlong , Zheng Weihao , Gao Libo , Yin Zongyou , Zhao Haitao
Published: February 2023

To realize a hyperconnected smart society with high productivity, advances in flexible sensing technology are highly needed. Nowadays, flexible sensing technology has witnessed improvements in both the hardware performances of sensor devices and the data processing capabilities of the device’s software. Significant research efforts have been devoted to improving materials, sensing mechanism, and configurations of flexible sensing systems in a quest to fulfill the requirements of future technology. Meanwhile, advanced data analysis methods are being developed to extract useful information from increasingly complicated data collected by a single sensor or network of sensors. Machine learning (ML) as an important branch of artificial intelligence can efficiently handle such complex data, which can be multi-dimensional and multi-faceted, thus providing a powerful tool for easy interpretation of sensing data. In this review, the fundamental working mechanisms and common types of flexible mechanical sensors are firstly presented. Then how ML-assisted data interpretation improves the applications of flexible mechanical sensors and other closely-related sensors in various areas is elaborated, which includes health monitoring, human–machine interfaces, object/surface recognition, pressure prediction, and human posture/motion identification. Finally, the advantages, challenges, and future perspectives associated with the fusion of flexible mechanical sensing technology and ML algorithms are discussed. These will give significant insights to enable the advancement of next-generation artificial flexible mechanical sensing.
Cyberbullying Roles and the Use of Psychoactive Substances: A Systematic Review
Authors: Biagioni Silvia , Baroni Marina , Melis Francesca , Baldini Federica , Menicucci Danilo , Potente Roberta , Molinaro Sabrina
Published: February 2023

Cyberbullying and psychoactive substance use are two common risky behaviors among adolescents, and a growing body of documents observe associations between these two phenomena. The present systematic review aims to clarify this association, analyzing the use of both legal and illegal psychoactive substances and all cyberbullying roles. To this purpose, a systematic search on PubMed, Scopus and PsycInfo databases was conducted, focusing on adolescents aged between 10 and 20 years old. The review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and it includes a total of fifty original articles. The majority of them observed a positive association between cyberbullying involvement and the use of psychoactive substances, especially tobacco and alcohol. Regarding moderator factors, some studies observed the aforementioned association only among girls. Moreover, controlling for gender, delinquent friends and low parental support, this association became not significant. Nevertheless, there was a lack of information about the role of those who witnessed cyberbullying, and the included articles showed mixed results regarding illegal substance use. The findings highlighted the need for further research in order to better clarify the association between cyberbullying and substance use, and equally explore all cyberbullying roles and substance types.
Size effect of anisotropic rock joint with two-order roughness
Authors: Huang Man , Liu Dan , Weng Hanqian , Hong Chenjie , Tao Zhigang , Huang Yixiao
Published: February 2023

The primary objective of this work is to improve the understanding of the characteristics of the joint anisotropy in two-order morphology and its variations in size. In this respect, the wavelet analysis method is applied to isolate waviness from unevenness in three lithological natural joints. The 3D parameter $$\theta_{\max }^{ * } /(C + 1)$$

θ

max

∗

/

(
C
+
1
)

is utilized to characterize the roughness of the two-order morphology in 36 directions, while the anisotropy behavior is quantified based on the anisotropic variation coefficient (AVC). The anisotropic distribution of two-order roughness in large-sized joint surfaces indicates that the first-order roughness mainly reflects the anisotropy of the total roughness, while the second-order roughness is mainly isotropic. Further analysis of the size effect of AVC values and the stable sizes of slate, tuff and limestone are determined to be 200 mm, 700 mm and 500 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the contribution rate of the two-order roughness to the total roughness is estimated in 36 directions based on the functional relationship between them, while the size effect of the contribution rate is utilized to explore the influence mechanism of the two-order roughness with size. These results provide a theoretical basis for exploring the size effect mechanism of the anisotropy of shear strength in two-order morphology.
A DEM–CFD coupling method for modelling two-hole synchronous hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Yang Wendong , Lv Xianxian , Wang Lige , Peng Di , Chen Xizhong
Published: February 2023

This work introduced a novel numerical approach for modelling hydraulic fracturing processes. The Edinburgh bonded particle model was employed to establish the discrete element model of the rock samples, and it was further coupled with computational fluid dynamics to simulate the hydraulic fracturing. The fracture propagation law was taken into account under various principal stress differences to confirm the viability of the model. In addition, the model was used to investigate the fracture propagation mechanism of two-hole synchronous hydraulic fracturing. The results indicate that the arrangement and spacing of two holes will affect the complexity of hydraulic fractures. The principal stress difference becomes more prominent in the direction of hydraulic fracture propagation with the increase in the principal stress difference.
Distributed Identification of Central Nodes with Less Communication
Authors: Masakuna Jordan F. , Kafunda Pierre K.
Published: February 2023

This paper is concerned with distributed detection of central nodes in complex networks using closeness centrality. Closeness centrality plays an essential role in network analysis. Distributed tasks such as leader election can make effective use of centrality information for highly central nodes, but complete network information is not locally available. Evaluating closeness centrality exactly requires complete knowledge of the network; for large networks, this may be inefficient, so closeness centrality should be approximated. Here, situations for decentralised network view construction where a node has zero knowledge about other nodes on the network at initial and there is no central node to coordinate evaluations of node closeness centrality are considered. Unlike centralized methods for detection of central nodes, in decentralized methods an approximated view of the network must be available at each node, then each node can evaluate its own closeness centrality before it can share it with others when applicable. Based on our knowledge, there is no much work done under this setting where the leading approach consists of running the breadth-first search Skiena (1998) on each node with a limited number of iterations (which is less than the diameter of the graph into consideration), as done by You et al. (2017), Wehmuth and Ziviani (2012), before each node evaluates its centrality. Running the breadth-first search on each node in a decentralized fashion requires high cost in terms of communication. Our contribution is to consider a better way of constructing network view in a decentralised manner with less communication cost. This paper refines a distributed centrality computation algorithm by You et al. (2017) by pruning nodes which are almost certainly not most central. For example, in a large network, leave nodes can not play a central role. This leads to a reduction in the number of messages exchanged to determine the centrality of the remaining nodes. Our results show that our approach reduces the number of messages for networks which contain many prunable nodes. Our results also show that reducing the number of messages may have a positive impact on running time and memory size.
Refresher: „ESHRE guidelines“ zum Management der POI
Authors: Blickenstorfer Kerstin
Published: February 2023

Bei der prämaturen Ovarialinsuffizienz (POI) kommt es zu einem Versiegen der ovariellen Funktion vor dem 40. Lebensjahr. Die Prävalenz liegt bei ca. 1 %. Klinisch präsentieren sich diese Patientinnen mit einer Oligo‑/Amenorrhö von mindestens vier Monaten, meist kombiniert mit diversen Östrogenmangelsymptomen. Diagnostisch zeigen sich hypergonadotrope Hormonwerte (FSH > 25 pmol/l), die in zwei Messungen im Abstand von mindestens vier Wochen bestimmt worden sein sollten. Bei nichtiatrogener POI sollten neben möglichen genetischen Ursachen auch autoimmunologische Ursachen ausgeschlossen werden. Bleiben alle Abklärungen unauffällig, spricht man von einer idiopathischen POI. Zunehmend ist die Anzahl der Patientinnen mit iatrogener POI, nach erfolgter Radiotherapie, Chemotherapie oder Operationen im Bereich von Ovarien und Uterus. Da aufgrund des Östrogenmangels bei POI neben diversen Östrogenmangelsymptomen auch ein erhöhtes Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen, Osteoporose sowie zunehmende kognitive Einschränkungen und eine erhöhte Gesamtmortalität bestehen, sollte bei diesen Patientinnen eine Hormonersatztherapie (HRT) initiiert und bis zum physiologischen Menopausenalter fortgeführt werden. Die Fertilität ist bei diesen Patientinnen deutlich reduziert. Bei spontan eingetretener POI liegt die Schwangerschaftschance bei maximal 5 %, sodass häufig nur der Weg der Eizellspende verbleibt. Patientinnen vor gonadotoxischen Therapien sollten vorgängig über die fertilitätserhaltenden Möglichkeiten an entsprechenden Zentren informiert und nachfolgend behandelt werden.
50 Jahre Unterrichtswissenschaft – Themen der Forschung über das Lehren und Lernen im Wandel
Authors: Kubsch Marcus , Neumann Knut , Rochnia Michael , Gräsel Cornelia
Published: February 2023

Seit 50 Jahren fokussiert die Zeitschrift Unterrichtswissenschaft auf die Erforschung von Fragen rund um das Lehren und Lernen, insbesondere in institutionalisierten Settings und im deutschsprachigen Raum. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick darüber, welche Themen die Zeitschrift in den letzten 50 Jahren behandelt hat und wie sich die Themen im Verlauf der Entwicklung verändern. Es stellt sich die Frage, mit welchen Methoden man die historische Themenentwicklung erfasst. Eine Möglichkeit wäre, erfahrene Expert*innen zu befragen, die die Entwicklung nicht nur lange verfolgt, sondern auch mitgestaltet haben. Die persönliche Expertise würde aber Gedächtnisverzerrungen und individuelle Bewertungen implizieren. Deshalb wurde im vorliegenden Beitrag auf das Verfahren der Computational Grounded Theory zurückgegriffen. Computational Grounded Theory basiert auf der Methode der Grounded Theory und nutzt KI-gestützte Verfahren, wie z. B. Natural Language Processing, um die subjektiven Teile des Interpretationsprozesses zu dokumentieren. Konkret wurde topic modeling genutzt, um aus den Abstracts sämtlicher in der 50-jährigen Geschichte der Unterrichtswissenschaft erschienenen Beiträge Themen zu destillieren. Die identifizierten Themen wurden durch die Autor*innen mit den ihnen zugeordneten Beiträgen abgeglichen und gegebenenfalls adaptiert, bevor anschließend die (relative) Bedeutung der Themen im Verlauf der Geschichte untersucht wurde. Die Ergebnisse werden auch in Bezug zur Entwicklung der Lehr-Lernforschung der letzten 50 Jahre interpretiert.
High-impact weather in Italy: a workshop to exchange the experience of weather forecasters and researchers
Authors: Miglietta Mario Marcello , Turato Barbara , Salvati Marta Rosa , Grazzini Federico , Marsigli Chiara , Alberoni Pier Paolo , Capecchi Valerio , Pucillo Arturo , Sudati Francesco , Cassola Federico , Iengo Antonio , Cacciamani Carlo
Published: February 2023

A workshop on high-impact meteorological events in Italy was jointly organized by the newly formed Italia Meteo Agency (AIM) and the Italian Association of Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology (AISAM) on September 27, 2022. The aim of the workshop was to promote the sharing of the experiences that all operational and research meteorological centers in Italy have gained on specific types of high-impact events, favoring the establishment of a common know-how of Italian operational meteorology.
Experimental Philosophy and the Origins of Empiricism
Authors: Anstey Peter R. , Vanzo Alberto
Published: February 2023

The emergence of experimental philosophy was one of the most significant developments in the early modern period. However, it is often overlooked in modern scholarship, despite being associated with leading figures such as Francis Bacon, Robert Boyle, Isaac Newton, Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, David Hume and Christian Wolff. Ranging from the early Royal Society of London in the seventeenth century to the uptake of experimental philosophy in Paris and Berlin in the eighteenth, this book provides new terms of reference for understanding early modern philosophy and science, and its eventual eclipse in the shadow of post-Kantian notions of empiricism and rationalism. Experimental Philosophy and the Origins of Empiricism is an integrated history of early modern experimental philosophy which challenges the rationalism and empiricism historiography that has dominated Anglophone history of philosophy for more than a century.
Sustainable Energy
Authors: Celik Serdar
Published: February 2023

This comprehensive guide to sustainable energy builds robust connections between abstract theory and practical applications, providing students with a global perspective on this most timely subject. Includes a succinct refresher on essential thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer, giving students a solid foundation on which to build. Introduces technologies for hydropower, biomass, geothermal, ocean, solar and wind energy, and fuel cells, with material on nuclear energy, fossil fuel generation and future energy directions, providing a consistent framework for analyzing past, present and future energy systems. Provides coding examples, and real-world case studies, giving students experience in applying theory to practice. Supported by topics for classroom debate, video solutions, and links to online resources, to interactively engage students and inspire further exploration. With a consistent structure and pedagogy, over 160 end-of-chapter problems, and solutions for instructors, this is the ideal introduction for senior undergraduate and graduate students, and a resource for energy professionals.
Making Sense of Youth Crime
Authors: Ross Jacqueline E. , Delpeuch Thierry
Published: February 2023

This comparative empirical study of policing in the United States and France draws on the authors' ten years of field work to contend that the police in both countries should be thought about as an amalgam of five distinct professional cultures or 'intelligence regimes'-each of which can be found in any given police department in both the United States and France. In particular, we contend that what police do as knowledge workers and how they make sense of the social problems such as collective offending by juveniles varies with the professional subcommunities or 'intelligence regimes' in which their particular knowledge work is embedded. The same problem can be looked at in fundamentally different ways even within a single police department, depending on the intelligence regime through which the problem is refracted.
Wittgenstein and Aesthetics
Authors: Appelqvist Hanne
Published: February 2023

This Element argues that aesthetics broadly conceived plays a significant role in Wittgenstein's philosophy. In doing so, it draws on the interpretative tradition that emphasizes affinities between Wittgenstein's thought and Kant's philosophy. Following the chronology of Wittgenstein's philosophical work, this Element addresses Wittgenstein's early equation between ethics and aesthetics, his middle-period discussion on the normative character of aesthetic judgments and the possibility of their justification, and his later comparison between language and music. As a whole, it traces a continuous line of thought pertaining to a non-conceptual form of encounter with reality, which is developed in close conjunction with aesthetics and contributes to Wittgenstein's understanding of language and the method of philosophy throughout his career. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
The effect of a plasma next-generation sequencing test on antimicrobial management in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients—A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Francisco Denise Marie A. , Woc-Colburn Laila , Carlson Travis J. , Lasco Todd , Barrett Miriam , Al Mohajer Mayar
Published: February 2023

Objective:

To describe the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and to determine whether NGS leads to changes in antimicrobial management.

Design and setting:

This retrospective cohort study included patients aged ≥18 years admitted to a single tertiary-care center in Houston, Texas, with an NGS test performed between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2018.

Patients:

In total, 167 NGS tests were performed. Most patients were of non-Hispanic ethnicity (n = 129), white (n = 106), and male (n = 116), with a mean age of 52 years (SD, 16). Moreover, 61 patients were immunocompromised: solid-organ transplant (n = 30), patients with human immunodeficiency virus (n = 14), and rheumatology patients on immunosuppressive therapy (n = 12).

Results:

Of the 167 NGS tests performed, 118 (71%) were positive. Test results associated with a change in antimicrobial management were found in 120 (72%) of 167 cases, with an average of 0.32 (SD, 1.57) fewer antimicrobials after the test. The largest change in antimicrobial management was in glycopeptide use (36 discontinuations) followed by antimycobacterial drug use (27 additions among 8 patients). Also, 49 patients had negative NGS results, but only 36 patients had their antibiotics discontinued.

Conclusions:

Plasma NGS testing is associated with a change in antimicrobial management in most cases. We observed a decrease in glycopeptide use after NGS results, which highlights physicians’ comfort in withdrawing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) coverage. In addition, antimycobacterial coverage increased, corresponding with early mycobacterial detection by NGS. Further studies are needed to determine effective ways to use NGS testing as an antimicrobial stewardship tool.
The role of organizational language in gaining legitimacy from the perspective of new institutional theory
Authors: Coşkun Recai , Arslan Salih
Published: February 2023

This research addresses the role of organizational language in the establishment of legitimacy from the perspective of New Institutional Theory. Several conceptual and methodical contributions have been made. First, by pairing cultural-cognitive legitimacy with phenomenological institutionalism and socio-political legitimacy with social organizational institutionalism, we have proposed a new way of classifying legitimacy. Second, we made connections between language strategies of organizations and cultural-cognitive and socio-political legitimacy. Finally, by re-categorizing language strategies aimed at legitimacy, we have provided a framework that is applicable in studying the relationship between different language strategies and legitimacy. Using this framework, we conducted an empirical study in which we analyzed the press releases of five major Turkish business groups. It was found that their language strategies were generally similar and mostly aimed at socio-political legitimacy.
Poisoned Babies, Shot Fathers, and Ruined Experiments: Experimental Evidence in Favor of the Compositionality Constraint of Actual Causation
Authors: Bauer Alexander Max , Kornmesser Stephan
Published: February 2023

Livengood and Sytsma (2020) challenge thecompositionality constraint of actual causation(CCAC), according to which each intermediary of a causal chain is an effect of its predecessor and a cause of its successor link. In several studies, they find support for their hypothesis that the CCAC is not in accordance with the ordinary causal attributions of laypeople. We argue that there are three interrelated problems in their studies’ design that we call thecausality-responsibility confusion(CRC), theintermediary-ontology confusion(IOC), and thecause-end questioning(CEQ). Avoiding the CRC, the IOC, and the CEQ leads to strong empirical support for the CCAC.
Multiscale Modeling in Neuroethology: The Significance of the Mesoscale
Authors: Bursten Julia R. S. , Dhein Kelle
Published: February 2023

Recent accounts of multiscale modeling investigate ontic and epistemic constraints imposed by relations between component models at varying relative scales (macro, meso, micro). These accounts often focus especially on the role of the meso, or intermediate, relative scale in a multiscale model. We aid this effort by highlighting a novel role for mesoscale models: functioning as a focal point, and explanation, for disagreement between researchers who otherwise share theoretical commitments. We present a case study in multiscale modeling of insect behavior to illustrate, arguing that the cognitive map debate in neuroethology research is best understood as a mesoscale disagreement.
Are Dynamic Shifts Dynamical Symmetries?
Authors: Jacobs Caspar
Published: February 2023

Shifts are a well-known feature of the literature on spacetime symmetries. Recently, discussions have focused on so-called dynamic shifts, which by analogy with static and kinematic shifts enact arbitrary linear accelerations of all matter (as well as a change in the gravitational potential). But in mathematical formulations of these shifts, the analogy breaks down: while static and kinematic shift act on the matter field, the dynamic shift acts on spacetime structure instead. I formulate a different, “active,” version of the dynamic shift which does act on matter, and analyse the consequences of this reformulation for Newton–Cartan theory and Maxwell gravitation.
Absolutely Zero Evidence
Authors: Vieland Veronica J. , Seok Sang-Cheol
Published: February 2023

Statistical analysis is often used to evaluate the strength of evidence for or against scientific hypotheses. Here we consider evidence measurement from the point of view of representational measurement theory, focusing in particular on the 0-points of measurement scales. We argue that a properly calibrated evidence measure will need to count up from absolute 0, in a sense to be defined, and that this 0-point is likely to be something other than what one might have expected. This suggests the need for a new theory of statistical evidence in the context of which calibrated evidence measurement becomes tractable.
Episodic Memory and Unrestricted Learning
Authors: Brown Simon Alexander Burns
Published: February 2023

Our thinking often uses rich memories of particular past events. Yet frequently we would do better to use other forms of memory. I show that existing accounts of the function of episodic memory cannot account for such cases, then develop an account which can. Roughly: rich representations of particular past events are required for Unrestricted Learning, learning which is not limited in how much of the world’s complexity it can capture; and episodic memory’s selection for Unrestricted Learning could explain its ubiquitous (and often inappropriate) use for other tasks. This proposal suggests many avenues for further empirical and computational research.
A Dialogue among Recent Views of Entity Realism
Authors: Khalili Mahdi
Published: February 2023

This paper concerns the recent revival of entity realism. Having been started with the work of Ian Hacking, Nancy Cartwright, and Ronald Giere, the project of entity realism has recently been developed by Matthias Egg, Markus Eronen, and Bence Nanay. The paper opens a dialogue among these recent views on entity realism and integrates them into a more advanced view. The result is an epistemological criterion for reality: the property-tokens of a certain type may be taken as real insofar as only they can be materially inferred from the evidence obtained in a variety of independent ways of detection.
Naturalness and the Forward-Looking Justification of Scientific Principles
Authors: Fischer Enno
Published: February 2023

It has been suggested that particle physics has reached the “dawn of the post-naturalness era.” I explain the current shift in particle physicists’ attitude toward naturalness. I argue that the naturalness principle was perceived to be supported by theories it has inspired. The potential coherence between major beyond the standard model (BSM) proposals and the naturalness principle led to an increasing degree of credibility of the principle among particle physicists. The absence of new physics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has undermined the potential coherence and has led to the principle’s loss of significance.
Nietzsche’s Critique of Power: Mimicry and the Advantage of the Weak
Authors: MEREDITH THOMAS
Published: February 2023

While most scholars understand Nietzsche as a full-throated proponent of power, I argue that his attitude toward power is far more ambivalent. Nietzsche’s critical attitude toward power is most apparent in his analysis of mimicry—the process whereby one organism (the mimic) gains an evolutionary advantage through superficially resembling another (the model). Nietzsche’s analysis of mimicry shows how power makes the strong not only indifferent but also actively hostile to adaptation and novelty. In contrast, the weak, precisely because of their weakness, are incentivized to understand, adapt to, and exploit the psychology of the strong. Nietzsche reveals that mimicry is the means by which the weak were able to achieve a revolution in values through persuasion rather than force. Ultimately, I argue that Nietzsche’s analysis of mimicry provides a compelling account of social change, and reveals how power is maladaptive, in that it blinds and ossifies the powerful.
Theistic expansive naturalism: which God?
Authors: Eastwood Jessica
Published: February 2023

This article looks at the question of whether and how there can be a theistic expansive naturalism. In light of Fiona Ellis's work, I will identify a crucial issue for this research programme moving forward, namely, the question of ‘which God?’. Ellis seeks to develop a metaphysical framework that offers a rationale for incorporating theism into naturalism, and the acceptance of God comes through a reflection on our relation to value. Offering a sympathetic interpretation of her position, the article will suggest that Ellis's conception of God has been significantly modified in her more recent writings, moving from a rather ‘thick’ conception of God to more a modest account. I will suggest a move toward a ‘less thick’ position is preferable.
God's Brigands: People, Party, and Sect in Flavius Josephus'sBellum Judaicum
Authors: Orwin Clifford
Published: February 2023

Renowned as a historian, Flavius Josephus enjoys little reputation as a political thinker. As heir to the classical historical tradition of Thucydides, however, considerations of the regime remained primary for him. All the more so given his most important task not inherited from them: the defense of the Jewish law and people against their pagan detractors. Josephus defended the law as having specified the best political regime (which he called “theocracy” but by which he meant a rigorous natural aristocracy). He defended the people as faithful to that law and as innocent of the terrible excesses of the great uprising of 66 CE. In so doing he was compelled to confront a phenomenon unknown to his classical predecessors: a politics not of class divisions but of sectarian ones. His response to it uncannily anticipated features of the modern (post-Machiavellian) reinterpretation of politics in terms of “peoples” and “elites.”
Exploring Social Entrepreneurship Co-Production Processes in the Disability Sector: Individual and Collection Action Views
Authors: Shang Liang , Chandra Yanto
Published: February 2023

From a humble experiment to tackle social problems, social enterprises (SEs) have transformed into key co-producers for a wide range of social services. However, despite an increasing interest in co-production, most SE studies in the field adopted a single-sided view of co-production, thereby limiting what co-production entails and how it works in SE. Drawing upon the New Public Governance (NPG) framework and an integrative view of co-production that embraces individual and collective action, we explored how the co-production process is enacted and designed from a service provider’s perspective and presented qualitative insights from eight SEs in providing work-integration services for people with disabilities. Our findings revealed strategic, operational and identity dimensions of co-production in SE. We also showed the different roles that SEs and their stakeholders play in co-production and how these affect the processes. We offer a new contribution to SE co-production literature by highlighting a multi-dimensional co-production process model of SEs in their quest to deliver social services.
The evolutionary roots of goal-directed mechanisms: A communication account
Authors: Badets Arnaud
Published: February 2023

Unleashed expressions for cooperation are mainly based on the expected perceptual effects of behaviours and not the behaviours themselves. From an evolutionary viewpoint, this goal-directed mechanism allows for a comprehensive story for the theory proposed by Heintz & Scott-Phillips. Over the past 2 million years, this situated mechanism has been reused for tool use and the language development for hominids.
The co-evolution of cooperation and communication: Alternative accounts
Authors: Mussavifard Nima , Csibra Gergely
Published: February 2023

We challenge the proposal that partner-choice ecology explains the evolutionary emergence of ostensive communication in humans. The good fit between these domains might be because of the opposite relation (ostensive communication promotes the evolution of cooperation) or because of the dependence of both these human-specific traits on a more ancient contributor to human cognitive evolution: the use of technology.
Illustrating continuity between linguistic and non-linguistic human communication and expression
Authors: Stehberger Martin
Published: February 2023

This commentary presents two illustrations, from the world of poker, of the continuity between linguistic and non-linguistic communication and expression, in support of Heintz & Scott-Phillips's account of the evolution of human expression and communication. I also come across the presumption of relevance in the context of a poker table.
Structuring unleashed expression: Developmental foundations of human communication
Authors: Rorot Wiktor , Skowrońska Katarzyna , Nagórska Ewa , Zieliński Konrad , Zubek Julian , Rączaszek-Leonardi Joanna
Published: February 2023

The target article highlights the sources of open-endedness of human communication. However, the authors' perspective does not account for the structure of particular communication systems. To this end, we extend the authors' perspective, in the spirit of evolutionary extended synthesis, with a detailed account of the sources of constraints imposed upon expression in the course of child development.
Being ostensive (reply to commentaries on “Expression unleashed”)
Authors: Heintz Christophe , Scott-Phillips Thom
Published: February 2023

One of our main goals with “Expression unleashed” was to highlight the distinctive, ostensive nature of human communication, and the many roles that ostension can play in human behavior and society. The commentaries we received forced us to be more precise about several aspects of this thesis. At the same time, no commentary challenged the central idea that the manifest diversity of human expression is underpinned by a common cognitive unity. Our reply is organized around six issues: (1) languages and their cultural evolution; (2) the pervasiveness of expression in human behavior; (3) artificial intelligence and ostensive communication; (4) communication in other animals; (5) the ecology and evolution of ostensive communication; and (6) biolinguistics and pragmatics.
Ethical Implications in Making Use of Human Cerebral Organoids for Investigating Stress—Related Mechanisms and Disorders
Authors: Bassil Katherine , Horstkötter Dorothee
Published: February 2023

The generation of three-dimensional cerebral organoids from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) has facilitated the investigation of mechanisms underlying several neuropsychiatric disorders, including stress-related disorders, namely major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Generating hPSC-derived neurons, cerebral organoids, and even assembloids (or multi-organoid complexes) can facilitate research into biomarkers for stress susceptibility or resilience and may even bring about advances in personalized medicine and biomarker research for stress-related psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, cerebral organoid research does not come without its own set of ethical considerations. With increased complexity and resemblance to in vivo conditions, discussions of increased moral status for these models are ongoing, including questions about sentience, consciousness, moral status, donor protection, and chimeras. There are, however, unique ethical considerations that arise and are worth looking into in the context of research into stress and stress-related disorders using cerebral organoids. This paper provides stress research-specific ethical considerations in the context of cerebral organoid generation and use for research purposes. The use of stress research as a case study here can help inform other practices of in vitro studies using brain models with high ethical considerations.
Relationship of Public Interest in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation with Cardiac Arrest Epidemiology and National Socioeconomic Indicators: Exploratory Infodemiology Study
Authors: Birkun Alexei A.
Published: February 2023

Study Objective:

Web-based big data analytics provides a great opportunity to measure public interest in cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study aimed to examine associations of online interest in CPR and CA with epidemiological characteristics of out-of-hospital CA (OHCA) and national socioeconomic indicators in a set of European countries.

Methods:

Country-level online search popularity data for CPR and CA topics measured in relative search volume (RSV) with Google Trends (GT), published OHCA epidemiological indicators, and World Bank’s socioeconomic statistics of 28 European countries for the year 2017 were analyzed for correlation using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rS).

Results:

Whereas OHCA incidence, bystander CPR rate, and hospital survival did not correlate with RSV for CPR or CA, the rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) demonstrated a positive correlation with RSV for CPR (rS = 0.388; P = .042). Further, RSV for CPR positively correlated with countries’ gross domestic product and health expenditure (rS = 0.939 and 0.566; P ≤.002) and negatively correlated with mortality caused by road traffic injury (rS = –0.412; P = .029).

Conclusion:

For the sample of European countries, public interest in CPR or CA showed no relationship with real bystander CPR rates and therefore could not be recommended as a proxy of community readiness to attempt resuscitation. The association of RSV for CPR with the rate of ROSC and countries’ socioeconomic characteristics suggests it could be used for identifying geographies with poor performance of prehospital systems in terms of managing CA, in particular where effective epidemiological surveillance for CA may be unavailable.
Causality‐Based Deep Learning Forecast of the Kuroshio Volume Transport in the East China Sea
Authors: Qian Junkai , Wang Qiang , Wu Yanling , Zhu Xiao‐Hua , Shi Yong
Published: February 2023

The Kuroshio volume transport (KVT) in the East China Sea has enormous impacts on navigation, circulation structure, ecological environment, and local climate. In this study, we aim to forecast the daily variability of the KVT at three different sections using the deep learning method. We train the deep learning model using data from 1982 to 2008 and validate the model with data of 2009–2010 and subsequently test it with data of 2011–2015. Four deep learning models, including Artificial Neural Network, Temporal Convolutional Network, Gated Recurrent Unit, and Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) models, are first tested to choose the best prediction model. As a result, the LSTM has the best performance for the KVT prediction at each section. We then employ a multivariate causal analysis method to identify the factors affecting the KVT at the current section, such as upstream and downstream KVT, regional mean wind stress, sea surface height and temperature and combine this method with the LSTM model to construct an information flow causality‐based LSTM (IFC‐LSTM) model for predicting daily KVT variability. The results indicate that IFC‐LSTM has the highest forecast skill compared to the standard LSTM (only input KVT at the current section into the LSTM), ALL‐LSTM (input all nine variables into the LSTM), multiple linear regression, and persistence model, which can forecast the KVT variability from 23 to 27 days in advance at the three sections with relative improvement rates of 12.5%–50%.
Reconstruction of the Paleo‐Ocean Environment Using Mineralogical and Geochemical Analyses of Mixed‐Type Ferromanganese Nodules From the Tabletop of Western Pacific Magellan Seamount
Authors: Park Jinsub , Jung Jaewoo , Ko Youngtak , Lee Yongmoon , Yang Kiho
Published: February 2023

Variations in the geochemistry and mineralogical compositions of ferromanganese (Fe‐Mn) nodules are closely related to variations in environmental parameters. Therefore, analysis of Fe‐Mn nodules can reconstruct the paleo‐ocean environment. Here, three differently shaped Fe‐Mn nodules were collected from the open seamount 9‐1 of the western Pacific Magellan Seamount. Geochemical and mineralogical analyses were conducted using micro X‐ray fluorescence (μ‐XRF) and Synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction to reconstruct the paleo‐ocean environment. We found that the shape of the three nodules was different; however, the variations in their geochemical and mineralogical properties were similar. For all three nodules, the μ‐XRF elemental distribution revealed a distinct alternation between the Mn‐rich and Fe‐rich layers. The Mn‐rich and Fe‐rich layers surrounded the nuclei and appeared as concentric circles. Fe‐rich and Mn‐rich layers exhibited low Mn/Fe ratios (<2.5) and were dominated by vernadite, whereas layers with high Mn/Fe ratios (>2.5) were dominated by todorokite, respectively. These findings suggest an early diagenesis process at tabletop of the Magellan Seamount. The high contents of Ca and P and the existence of carbonate fluorapatite in the center of Fe‐Mn nodules indicate that the formation of these nodules began during the Miocene phosphatization event (19–16 Ma). In the early stages of nodule formation, a diagenetic process drove Fe‐Mn nodule formation. Because of global cooling from 9 Ma, early diagenesis was weakened, after which the formation of hydrogenetic Fe‐Mn nodules became dominant. As a result, variations in oxygen minimum zones and oxic‐suboxic fronts were recorded in Fe‐Mn nodules from tabletop of the seamount.
Elastic Interaction Between a Mesoscale Eddy‐Pair and an Axisymmetrical Eddy
Authors: Zoeller V. , Viúdez A.
Published: February 2023

We investigate numerically the elastic interaction between an eddy‐pair and an axisymmetrical eddy in inviscid isochoric two‐dimensional (2D) flows, as well as in three‐dimensional (3D) flows under the quasi‐geostrophic (QG) approximation. The eddy‐pair is a straight moving Lamb‐Chaplygin dipole where the absolute value of either its positive or negative amount of vorticity equals the vorticity of the axisymmetrical eddy. The results for the 2D and 3D cases show that interactions with almost no vorticity exchange, or vorticity loss to the background field between ocean eddies, but causing changes in their displacement velocity, are possible. When the eddy‐pair approaches the axisymmetrical eddy, their respective potential flows interact, the eddy‐pair's trajectory acquires curvature and their vorticity poles separate. In the QG dynamics, the eddies suffer little vertical deformation, being the barotropic effects dominant. At the moment of highest interaction, the anticyclonic eddy of the pair elongates, simultaneously the cyclonic eddy of the pair evolves toward spherical geometry, and the axisymmetrical eddy acquires prolate ellipsoidal geometry in the vertically stretched QG space. Once the eddy‐pair moves away from the axisymmetrical eddy, its poles close, returning to their original geometry, and the anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies continue as an eddy‐pair with a straight trajectory but along a new direction. The interaction is sensitive to the initial conditions and, depending on the initial position of the eddy‐pair, as well as on small changes in the vorticity distribution of the axisymmetrical eddy, inelastic interactions may instead occur.
Revisiting the Geographical Extent of Exceptional Warmth in the Early Paleogene Southern Ocean
Authors: Frieling J. , Bohaty S. M. , Cramwinckel Marlow J. , Gallagher S. J. , Holdgate G. R. , Reichgelt T. , Peterse F. , Pross J. , Sluijs A. , Bijl P. K.
Published: February 2023

To assess zonal temperature and biogeographical patterns in the Southern Ocean during the Paleogene, we present new multi‐proxy air‐ and sea‐surface temperature data for the latest Paleocene (∼57–56 Ma) and the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; ∼56 Ma) from the northern margin of the Australo‐Antarctic Gulf (AAG). The various proxy data sets document the well‐known late Paleocene warming and, superimposed, two transient late Paleocene pre‐cursor warming events, hundreds of kyr prior to the PETM. Remarkably, temperature reconstructions for the AAG and southwest Pacific during the latest Paleocene, PETM and Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (∼53–49 Ma) show similar trends as well as similar absolute temperatures east and west of the closed Tasmanian Gateway. Our data imply that the exceptional warmth as recorded by previous studies for the southwest Pacific extended westward into the AAG. This contrasts with modeling‐derived circulation and temperature patterns. We suggest that simulations of ocean circulation underestimate heat transport in the southwest Pacific due to insufficient resolution, not allowing for mesoscale eddy‐related heat transport. We argue for a systematic approach to tackle model and proxy biases that may occur in marginal marine settings and non‐analog high‐latitude climates to assess the temperature reconstructions.
Recent progress in three-terminal artificial synapses based on 2D materials: from mechanisms to applications
Authors: Zhang Fanqing , Li Chunyang , Li Zhongyi , Dong Lixin , Zhao Jing
Published: February 2023

Synapses are essential for the transmission of neural signals. Synaptic plasticity allows for changes in synaptic strength, enabling the brain to learn from experience. With the rapid development of neuromorphic electronics, tremendous efforts have been devoted to designing and fabricating electronic devices that can mimic synapse operating modes. This growing interest in the field will provide unprecedented opportunities for new hardware architectures for artificial intelligence. In this review, we focus on research of three-terminal artificial synapses based on two-dimensional (2D) materials regulated by electrical, optical and mechanical stimulation. In addition, we systematically summarize artificial synapse applications in various sensory systems, including bioplastic bionics, logical transformation, associative learning, image recognition, and multimodal pattern recognition. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives involving integration, power consumption and functionality are outlined.
Epigenetic regulation in hematopoiesis and its implications in the targeted therapy of hematologic malignancies
Authors: Zhao Ailin , Zhou Hui , Yang Jinrong , Li Meng , Niu Ting
Published: February 2023

Hematologic malignancies are one of the most common cancers, and the incidence has been rising in recent decades. The clinical and molecular features of hematologic malignancies are highly heterogenous, and some hematologic malignancies are incurable, challenging the treatment, and prognosis of the patients. However, hematopoiesis and oncogenesis of hematologic malignancies are profoundly affected by epigenetic regulation. Studies have found that methylation-related mutations, abnormal methylation profiles of DNA, and abnormal histone deacetylase expression are recurrent in leukemia and lymphoma. Furthermore, the hypomethylating agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors are effective to treat acute myeloid leukemia and T-cell lymphomas, indicating that epigenetic regulation is indispensable to hematologic oncogenesis. Epigenetic regulation mainly includes DNA modifications, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA-mediated targeting, and regulates various DNA-based processes. This review presents the role of writers, readers, and erasers of DNA methylation and histone methylation, and acetylation in hematologic malignancies. In addition, this review provides the influence of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs on hematologic malignancies. Furthermore, the implication of epigenetic regulation in targeted treatment is discussed. This review comprehensively presents the change and function of each epigenetic regulator in normal and oncogenic hematopoiesis and provides innovative epigenetic-targeted treatment in clinical practice.
Exploiting PRMT5 as a target for combination therapy in mantle cell lymphoma characterized by frequent ATM and TP53 mutations
Authors: Che Yuxuan , Liu Yang , Yao Yixin , Hill Holly A. , Li Yijing , Cai Qingsong , Yan Fangfang , Jain Preetesh , Wang Wei , Rui Lixin , Wang Michael
Published: February 2023

Constant challenges for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) remain to be recurrent relapses and therapy resistance, especially in patients harboring somatic mutations in the tumor suppressors ATM and TP53, which are accumulated as therapy resistance emerges and the disease progresses, consistent with our OncoPrint results that ATM and TP53 alterations were most frequent in relapsed/refractory (R/R) MCL. We demonstrated that protein arginine methyltransferase-5 (PRMT5) was upregulated in R/R MCL, which predicted a poor prognosis. PRMT5 inhibitors displayed profound antitumor effects in the mouse models of MCL with mutated ATM and/or TP53, or refractory to CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy. Genetic knockout of PRMT5 robustly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Co-targeting PRMT5, and ATR or CDK4 by using their inhibitors showed synergistic antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo. Our results have provided a rational combination therapeutic strategy targeting multiple PRMT5-coordinated tumor-promoting processes for the treatment of R/R MCL with high mutation burdens.