bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Farm Front with the Victory Farm Volunteers
Authors: Holt Marilyn Irvin
Published: June 2022

During World War II, American agriculture grappled with labor shortages while being expected to produce more for the military and the home front. Historians have studied the use of labor sources such as migrant workers and the Women's Land Army during this time, but the Victory Farm Volunteers, a program of the federal US Crop Corps, have been largely overlooked, despite the numbers of urban youth who participated. This study examines the program as it was carried out in the states of the Great Plains, particularly its relationship to 4-H and its impact on farm production goals during the war and in the immediate postwar era.
Alternatives in the Midst of Ruination
Authors: Quintana Laura
Published: June 2022

This article claims that capitalism is not a homogeneous logic but a heterogeneous regime, deployed in multiple practices, forms of knowledge, techniques, and temporalities that have become embodied, created spaces and participate in different forms of life. Subsequently, within the ruination capitalism has produced, it is possible for political and economic reconfigurations to arise. What is at stake here are possibilities for critical agency today, particularly in contexts ruined by forms of intensive exploitation, contexts where a collective desire to be different seems to have spent itself but can in fact emerge in new ways.
Case Report: Hydranencephaly in a female newborn with congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Dewiyanti Lilia , Diyo Andrew Robert , Afandy Jonathan Edbert , . Jennefer , Pramana Cipta
Published: June 2022

Background: Hydranencephaly is a congenital abnormality of the central nervous system characterized by massive hemispheric necrosis and ventricular dilatation with most of the cerebral hemispheres being replaced by membranous sacs filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can be one of the causes of hydranencephaly. The choice of therapy for hydranencephaly is a challenge because of poor prognosis, but now neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation may give new hope.

Case report: We report a case of a female newborn born at term by cesarean section from a gravida 5, para 3, abortus 1 (G5P3A1) mother with suspected hydrocephalus. Head circumference was 35 cm at birth. The baby was born crying immediately, looked active, and did not appear cyanotic, but on the second day, the baby looked less active, moaned, showed acral cyanosis, and had a large fontanelle that was dilated and soft. Signs of hydrocephalus such as Macewen’s sign, setting sun phenomenon, and transillumination were found to be positive. Echocardiographic examination showed floppy interatrial septum and mild mitral regurgitation. Non-contrast computerized tomography (CT) scan of the head showed hydranencephaly. The toxoplasmosis, rubella, CMV, and herpes simplex virus (TORCH) screening showed positive anti-CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG). The baby underwent a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt procedure with a head circumference of 36 cm before surgery. VP shunt was performed with an opening pressure of 15 cmH2O.

Conclusions: After the VP shunt procedure, the baby's general condition improved with the head circumference within normal limits. The baby was discharged from the hospital after 16 days of treatment.
The demographic effects and public health infrastructure dearth of COVID-19 in Ghana
Authors: Conduah Andrew Kweku
Published: June 2022

Background: Over the last two years, the world has been experiencing a worldwide health catastrophe. The Corona Virus (COVID-19) struck at the heart of societies and is a major health-care infrastructure problem. Infrastructure has been characterised as the basic requirement for carrying out productive and relevant public health actions. Mortality has direct and indirect relationship, with the former causing short and long-term mortality, resulting in a short life expectancy. Reduced accessibility and quality of health care, isolation, loneliness, and poverty were some of the indirect repercussions. The outcomes were sad and deeply felt when the two collided with ageing and persons with co-morbidities. The fertility effect of COVID-19 in the short-term on contraception presented itself in increased difficulties in accessing services and disruptions in the supply chain. Migration was mainly affected due to travel bans and restriction of movements through stay-at-home instructions.

Methods:This paper uses the qualitative paradigm of research that used corpus construction in the selection of material to represent a whole and this make it functionally equivalent to sampling but structurally different. It used secondary data to ascertain the demographic effects and the extent of health infrastructure deficit and ingenious ways to curb the challenges as exposed by the COVID -19.

Results:The study underscores how demographic factors can be disrupted by pandemics to bring about high rates of mortality. Global health function is under-funded and under-produced, as a study by the World Health Organization suggests.

Conclusions:  The study brings to bear that anthropogenic activities, air greenhouse gases, lifespan and hospital beds are key drivers of COVID-19 growth. The path forward to mitigate such pandemics is international harmony and alliances in the distribution of vaccines, strengthening of international health systems ability to hold back major infectious disease, addressing service quality and providing key financial injection.
Reporting characteristics of allergic rhinitis trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov and in publications: an observational study
Authors: Paladin Ivan , Pranić Shelly
Published: June 2022

Background: Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Allergic rhinitis (AR) should be complete and consistent throughout multiple sources to ensure accurate evidence-based information. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are discrepancies in the reported data from AR trials.

Methods: This cross-sectional study retrospectively analyzed completed RCTs on AR registered in ClinicalTrials.gov and last updated between 9/27/2009 and 10/4/2019 with results and corresponding publications. Completeness, informativeness and major changes to World Health Organization Trial Registration Data Set items as well as completeness of results data in ClinicalTrials.gov and corresponding publications were analyzed.

Results: Omitted items were present in 35 (46.1%) of the 76 trials at initial registration, 15 (19.7%) at last registration, and in 22 (56.4%) of the 39 publications. All 76 trials between first and last registration and all 39 publications had major changes in registration items. Uninformative reporting of analyzed items were present both in ClinicalTrials.gov and publications. Completeness of results in ClinicalTrials.gov was satisfactory. In contrast, publications reported fewer adverse events.

Conclusions: Discrepancies in data elements of AR trials are common both in ClinicalTrials.gov and subsequent publications. To ensure transparent data reporting from AR trials, multiple stakeholders should control the accuracy, consistency, and completeness of AR trial data to notice discrepancies before publication.
L0-Regularized Learning for High-Dimensional Additive Hazards Regression
Authors: Zheng Zemin , Zhang Jie , Li Yang
Published: June 2022

Sparse learning in high-dimensional survival analysis is of great practical importance, as exemplified by modern applications in credit risk analysis and high-throughput genomic data analysis. In this article, we consider the L0-regularized learning for simultaneous variable selection and estimation under the framework of additive hazards models and utilize the idea of primal dual active sets to develop an algorithm targeted at solving the traditionally nonpolynomial time optimization problem. Under interpretable conditions, comprehensive statistical properties, including model selection consistency, oracle inequalities under various estimation losses, and the oracle property, are established for the global optimizer of the proposed approach. Moreover, our theoretical analysis for the algorithmic solution reveals that the proposed L0-regularized learning can be more efficient than other regularization methods in that it requests a smaller sample size as well as a lower minimum signal strength to identify the significant features. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evidenced by simulation studies and real-data analysis.

Summary of Contribution: Feature selection is a fundamental statistical learning technique under high dimensions and routinely encountered in various areas, including operations research and computing. This paper focuses on the L0-regularized learning for feature selection in high-dimensional additive hazards regression. The matching algorithm for solving the nonconvex L0-constrained problem is scalable and enjoys comprehensive theoretical properties.
Design and Testing of a Commercial Prototype Press to Extract the Juice from Sweet Sorghum Biomass
Authors: Lefebvre Nicholas , Khelifi Mohamed
Published: June 2022

Highlights

A commercial-scale prototype press to extract the juice from sweet sorghum biomass was designed, built, and tested.

Extraction rates of up to 45% were obtained with this prototype.

Abstract. With the rising concerns related to climate change issues, different alternatives have been explored to reduce the use of fossil fuels. Laws forcing the use of ethanol at gas pumps have been enforced across North America. While ethanol is a good alternative, it is mainly made from corn, which is a very demanding crop in terms of water, fertilizers, and climate conditions. The sweet sorghum has been proved to be a good alternative crop, but current pressing methods require transportation of the biomass to a plant, thus resulting in high transportation costs and emissions as well as depriving the soil from an important source of fertilization, which is the pressing residue. The objective of this research was to develop and test a commercial scale prototype press able to extract juice from the sweet sorghum directly in the field. A sequential two-chamber piston press able to apply up to 1.6 MPa of pressure on the biomass was developed and tested. The prototype press was used in extracting juice from sweet sorghum and the influence of operational parameters (pressure and extraction time) on the extraction rate and juice yield was evaluated. Sweet sorghum plants were first harvested and chopped with a forage harvester, then weighed and pressed. The pressing juice was collected and the residue (bagasse) was returned to the field as fertilizer. Obtained results from pressing tests carried out in 2014, 2015, and 2018 showed a juice extraction rate of up to 45% of the initial weight of the biomass. Keywords: Bioethanol, Biomass, Ethanol, Juice, Pressing, Sweet sorghum.
Editorial Introduction — Migration and (In)Equality in the Global South
Authors: Crawley Heaven , Garba Faisal , Nyamnjoh Francis
Published: June 2022

This Special Issue draws on the work of migration scholars, artists, and activists from across the Global South collaborating through the South-South Migration for Development and Equality (MIDEQ) Hub to explore the intersections, contestations, and possibilities associated with migration in the Global South.Our aim is to contribute a better understanding of the structural inequalities – poverty, gender inequalities, and racism – that drive migration and limit its potential to contribute to personal, societal, and global development.
To what extent can space be compressed? Bandwidth limits of spaceplates
Authors: Shastri Kunal , Reshef Orad , Boyd Robert W. , Lundeen Jeff S. , Monticone Francesco
Published: June 2022

Spaceplates are novel flat-optic devices that implement the optical response of a free-space volume over a smaller length, effectively “compressing space” for light propagation. Together with flat lenses such as metalenses or diffractive lenses, spaceplates have the potential to enable the miniaturization of any free-space optical system. While the fundamental and practical bounds on the performance metrics of flat lenses have been well studied in recent years, a similar understanding of the ultimate limits of spaceplates is lacking, especially regarding the issue of bandwidth, which remains as a crucial roadblock for the adoption of this platform. In this work, we derive fundamental bounds on the bandwidth of spaceplates as a function of their numerical aperture and compression ratio (ratio by which the free-space pathway is compressed). The general form of these bounds is universal and can be applied and specialized for different broad classes of space-compression devices, regardless of their particular implementation. Our findings also offer relevant insights into the physical mechanism at the origin of generic space-compression effects and may guide the design of higher performance spaceplates, opening new opportunities for ultra-compact, monolithic, planar optical systems for a variety of applications.
Identification and functional characterization of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, short interspersed nuclear elements
Authors: Firsov Sergei Yu. , Kosherova Karina A. , Mukha Dmitry V.
Published: June 2022

In recent decades, experimental data has accumulated indicating that short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) can play a significant functional role in the regulation of gene expression in the host genome. In addition, molecular markers based on SINE insertion polymorphisms have been developed and are widely used for genetic differentiation of populations of eukaryotic organisms. Using routine bioinformatics analysis and publicly available genomic DNA and small RNA-seq data, we first described nine SINEs in the genome of the German cockroach,Blattella germanica. All described SINEs have tRNA promoters, and the start of their transcription begins 11 bp upstream of an “A” box of these promoters. The number of copies of the described SINEs in theB.germanicagenome ranges from several copies to more than a thousand copies in a SINE-specific manner. Some of the described SINEs and their degenerate copies can be localized both in the introns of genes and loci known as piRNA clusters. piRNAs originating from piRNA clusters are shown to be mapped to seven of the nine types of SINEs described, including copies of SINEs localized in gene introns. We speculate that SINEs, localized in the introns of certain genes, may regulate the level of expression of these genes by a PIWI-related molecular mechanism.
The cost- effectiveness of early dental visit in infants and toddlers focused on regional deprivation in South Korea: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ahn Eunsuk , Kim Sun-Mi
Published: June 2022

Background

The aims of this study are to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of early dental visits (EDVs) and to investigate how regional deprivation impacts the economic evaluation.

Methods

This study used the South Korea National Health Insurance database, which included medical claim data and voluntary-based oral examination data. The subjects of this study included whole participants for oral examinations for infants and toddlers of the National Health Insurance Corporation. A retrospective cohort study was designed and measured all oral treatments, costs, and number of visits for 208,969 children (experimental group, 101,768; non- experimental group, 107,201) who underwent oral examination for infants and toddlers from 2007 to 2014. The cost-effectiveness was measured using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, and the T-health index was used as the measurement for effectiveness. In addition, the difference in the effect according to the level of regional deprivation was confirmed.

Results

The findings of this study showed that EDVs were cost-effective and that children who participated in EDVs had better oral health (T-health-2 index difference 0.32 point in most deprived regions) and needed 5 USD less costly dental treatments than those who did not have EDVs. The cost-effectiveness of EDVs varied according to the level of regional deprivation and was the highest in the most deprived regions.

Conclusions

The study findings suggested that the provision of oral examination for infants and toddlers was a cost-effective dental policy. Additionally, EDVs were more effective in children who resided in the most deprived regions, a finding that will lead to the development of policy intervention to improve dental care despite spatial inequality for disadvantaged population groups. Regarding the distribution of dental hospitals/clinics, incentive based dental polices for either dental providers or patients are needed that will assure the delivery of dental care despite spatial inequality.
Indigenous knowledges and perspectives in university journalism education: Exploring experiences, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Thomson T. J. , McLaughlin Julie , King-Smith Leah , Bell Aaron , Tsimpikas Matt
Published: June 2022

News media coverage of Indigenous Australian peoples and perspectives is often absent or, when present, unfair or shallow in context or understanding. This raises the question of how much – and what kind of – exposure to Indigenous knowledges and perspectives journalists-in-training receive in their university studies. To find out, this study analyses 30 unit outlines and assessment details of journalism subjects at three Australian universities. It follows this analysis with interviews of seventeen undergraduate journalism students at these universities to explore their perceptions of if and how their journalism programmes paid attention to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander topics and perspectives in the classroom setting. The results reveal that the journalism students in this sample, even those from the same university, had an uneven experience related to Indigenous knowledges and perspectives in their university journalism subjects. This testifies to the generic nature of unit outlines and learning objectives and to the broad discretionary power that individual tutors and lecturers have to shape the flow of information that is engaged with during the learning opportunities they oversee. Student recommendations for how Indigenous knowledges and perspectives could be more usefully integrated into journalism education were also gathered and reported.
‘It’s always there’: A study of the sources and motivations for Australian teens’ news consumption
Authors: Blakston Angela , Waller Lisa
Published: June 2022

There is much to learn about the news habits of Australian teens and this study contributes to the small body of current research through an exploration of the news-consumption practices of 13–17-year-olds at a Victorian independent school. In doing so, it explores the complex behaviours of younger people who are immersed in a physical and digital environment where, in their own words, news and information ‘is always there’. Through an analysis of focus-group data, informed by Potter’s theory of media literacy, this study supports international research findings that teens are aware of a range of daily news sources but mostly experience them incidentally. They purposefully seek news when it is a topic that holds their interest or is somehow personally relevant to them. Other significant findings suggest that Australian teens rely heavily on the search engine Google for news and information and have little to no allegiance to specific news providers. Teens believe ‘knowing’ the news will become more relevant to them as they get older and take on adult responsibilities.
Sound Citizens: Australian Women Broadcasters Claim their Voice, 1923–1956, Catherine Fisher (2021)
Authors: Anderson Heather
Published: June 2022

Review of: Sound Citizens: Australian Women Broadcasters Claim their Voice, 1923–1956, Catherine Fisher (2021)

Acton: ACT: ANU Press, 184 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-76046-430-1, p/bk, $50
Exterior façade design and its impact on boosting business and attracting customers in retail sectors
Authors: Majid Zenab Kassim
Published: June 2022

In recent years, exterior façades have become one of the common architectural features in most of the retail business premises. The external façades, in this case, are considered as aesthetic instruments that add more value to the businesses through continued customer attraction. The exterior façade design should incorporate the architectural elements that are attractive for the customers to develop the willingness to get into the business premises. In the retail business buildings, there is a crucial need to have uniquely designed exterior façades that will enhance the aesthetic qualities. This research was conducted to state the façade design effect towards customer preferences in high-end retailer stores. The case study selected was the façade of Louis Vuitton store in Tokyo’s Ginza shopping district, comparing between its original and current façade designs. This research used an experimental approach by altering research variables. The altered variables were the façade design elements, whereas the influenced variables were customers’ preferences. The decidedness of sample used purposeful sampling method with a technical survey via a questionnaire. The determination of the customers’ level of attraction towards the exterior façade design of the retail building had been done after calculating and breaking down the façade elements and features. Moreover, the author offers two façade designs of the same building: the original façade design (Façade A) and the current façade design (Façade B) to get a description of customers’ preferences. By comparing both façades’ elements, the result showed that the exterior façade design had a significant effect on customer attraction and aids in enhancing the business value for retail businesses. The building that houses the Louis Vuitton store without a very distinctive external façade was upgraded and the outcomes for this study were assessed. Very limited research has been done about building façades in general. This study about façade design in particular and its influence on customer attraction, resulting in boosting a business, is unique and original in its nature.
Játékfélelem és cselekvőképesség a túlélő-horrorban
Authors: Szabó Judit
Published: June 2022

A játékokkal kapcsolatos pszichológiai kutatások középpontjában többek között az érzelmi folyamatok feltérképezése áll, amelyek egyrészt a játékok irányításával függenek össze (gameplay érzelmek), másrészt pedig az avatárral való azonosulásból fakadnak, azaz a játékvilágban megvalósuló cselekvésekhez kapcsolódnak (diegetikus érzelmek). Jelen tanulmányban ezeknek az érzelmi folyamatoknak az egymásra hatását vizsgáljuk a túlélő-horror játékok műfajában, amelyek játékdizájnja speciálisan a félelemválaszok kiváltását célozza. Érvelésünk szerint a túlélő-horror játékokban a félelem kiváltásának hatékony eszközei a játékélmény és irányítás különböző módszerekkel történő befolyásolása, illetve az avatár cselekvési és érzékelési lehetőségeinek korlátozása. Jelen írásban amellett érvelünk, hogy ezen paraméterek módosítása, legalábbis kognitív pszichológiai megközelítésben, nem csökkenti radikálisan és szükségszerű módon a játékos cselekvőképességét.
Et Tu, Zimmerman?
Authors: Hasker William
Published: June 2022

Dean Zimmerman is an open theist.  However, he has constructed an argument to the effect that, if simple foreknowledge (foreknowledge without middle knowledge) did exist, this knowledge would be providentially useful to God.  I show that his argument fails: if simple foreknowledge did exist, it would be providentially useless.
Investigation of basic psychological needs of leisure time of Faculty of Sport Sciences students in terms of some variables
Authors: Özmaden Murat , Ölçücü Burçin , Dokuzoğlu Gökhan , Çevik Ali , Eren Muhammed Ömer , Yaylı Hakan
Published: June 2022

Objective: In this study, the basic psychological needs of sports sciences students at leisure time were analyzed in terms of certain variables. The population of the study is the students from the faculty of sports sciences.
Method: The questionnaire which was used to collect the related data in the study consists of two parts. The personal information form created by the researcher, and in the second section, Basic Psychological Needs Scale in Leisure Activity (BPNSLA), which was adapted into Turkish by Güneş (2019), developed by Vlachopoulos and Mchailidou (2006) was used. Statistical analysis was performed on the obtained data using the SPSS 25.0 package program. A Mann Whitney U test was applied for binary variables, and a Kruskal Wallis H test was conducted for more than two variables. The findings were statistically tested with significance level of p<0.05.
Findings: The scores on the participants' Basic Psychological Needs Scale in Leisure Activity (BPNSLA) scala, show that they are generally high in scale totals and sub-dimensions. According to the analysis conducted between the participants' leisure time psychological needs and gender variable, there is statistically significant difference in the autonomy sub-dimension, in the average scale and all sub-dimensions at department variable, in the sub-dimension of association at the class variable, and in the average scale and all sub-dimensions at the leisure time evaluation variable (p<0.05).
​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
 
Özet
Amaç: Bu araştırmada spor bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinin serbest zaman temel psikolojik ihtiyaçları bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmiştir.
Yöntem: Araştırmada ilgili verilerin toplanması için kullanılan anket iki bölümden oluşmuştur. Birinci bölümde araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan kişisel bilgiler formu, ikinci bölümde Vlachopoulos ve Mchailidou (2006) tarafından geliştirilen Güneş (2019) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlaması yapılan Serbest Zaman Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 25.0 paket programı kullanılarak istatistiksel analiz yapılmıştır. İkili değişkenler için Mann Whitney U testi, ikiden fazla  değişkenler için Kruskal Wallis H testi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular istatistiksel olarak p<0,05 anlamlılık düzeyi ile test edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların Serbest Zaman Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar Ölçeği puanlarına baktığımızda ölçek toplamlarında ve alt boyutlarında genel olarak ölçek puanlarının yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Katılımcıların serbest zaman psikolojik ihtiyaçları ile cinsiyet değişkeni arasında yapılan analiz sonucu özerklik alt boyutunda, bölüm değişkeninde ölçek ortalama ve tüm alt boyutlarında, sınıf değişkeninde ilişkili olma alt boyutunda ve boş zaman değerlendirme değişkeninde ölçek ortalama ve tüm alt boyutlarda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olduğu görülmektedir (p<0.05).
Efek Pemberian Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica) Terhadap Diameter Hepatosit Tikus (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Kusuma Alfana Bagus , Saraswati Tyas Rini , Sitasiwi Agung Janika
Published: June 2022

Neem leaf (Azadirachta indica) was known as infertility herb. Neem leaf contain of flavonoid compounds which inhibit the damage of cell. This research aimed to examine the effect of neem leaf on hepotocyte and liver lobules diameter. The total of labolatory animals in this research were 12 male Rattus novergicus. This research was conducted by using the Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The animal was treated by neem leaf extracted with 12, 16, and 20 mg/animal/day (PO, P1, P2, P3) respectively. The treatment was treated during 14 days. The liver was made as histological slide by using HE stain with 3-4 µ in thickness. The observed parameters were hepatocyte diameter, liver lobules diameter, the final body weight and liver weight. Data here analyzed by ANOVA test. All the analysis were performed with 5% significant level. The results showed that the giving of neem leaf extract had no significant effects (p>0.05) on hepatocyte diameter, liver lobules diameter, liver weight and final body weight. It could be concluded that the giving of ethanolic neem leaves extract with 20 mg/animal/day for 14 days did not affect the hepatocyte diameter, liver diameter, liver weight and final body weight
Pengaruh Perbedaan Aplikasi Pestisida pada Struktur Komunitas Mikroarthropoda Tanah dalam Skala Lapangan dan Laboratorium
Authors: Niswah Rofiatun , Rahadian Rully , Tarwotjo Udi
Published: June 2022

The choice of using pesticides with natural ingredients or synthetic chemicals is a differentiator between organic farming systems and inorganic farming systems. Pesticides are additives in agriculture to control pests or weeds. Abamectin is one of the active ingredients that can be found in pesticides. Ground microarthropods are members of the soil mesofauna, which are soil animals that have a body size ranging from 0.2-2 mm. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of differences in the application of pesticides on a field or laboratory scale on the structure of soil microarthropod communities. Soil samples were taken from three agricultural lands, namely Bandungan inorganic agricultural land, Kopeng inorganic agricultural land and Kopeng organic agricultural land. The study was conducted in August to December 2018 in the Ecology and Biosystematic Laboratory of the Department of Biology, FSM Undip. Found a total of 60 species species richness originating from 13 orders. The application of pesticides which include the concentration and frequency of pesticide spraying has a negative influence on the structure of soil microarthopod communities. Application of abamectin pesticides on a laboratory scale proves that the administration of abamectin pesticides that exceeds the recommended concentration will adversely affect the structure of the soil microathropod community. Based on statistical tests of soil microarthropod species diversity from the results of the application of pesticides on a field and laboratory scale is significantly different.
Aktivitas Enzim dan Identifikasi Fenotipik Isolat Kapang Aspergillus Kelompok Flavi Dari DUCC (Diponegoro University Culture Collections)
Authors: Karima Radhita , Rukmi MG Isworo , Kusumaningrum Hermin Pancasakti
Published: June 2022

Fungi has an important role as decomposer since they can produce hydrolytic enzymes.   The enzyme produced by fungi can be useful for industrial and biotechnology purposes.  Aspergillus section Flavi are known to have the ability in producing several enzymes. The aims of this study were to find out the ability of  Aspergillus  section  Flavi  from  Diponegoro  University  Culture  Collection  in  producing  amylase, protease  and  cellulase  enzymes  and  also  identify  the  species  using  phenotypic  method.  The  fungal enzymatic activity was examined by calculating enzymatic index on specific media. The results showed that all isolates have a potential as enzyme producers.  Phenotypic identification were characterized based on  macro- and micromorphology.  Isolates F130, F80CB, F138 dan F10A were identified as A.tamarii, while F43 and F20A were identified as A.flavus.
Kelimpahan Dan Keragaman Serangga OPT (Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman) dan Musuh Alaminya pada Tanaman Jagung dan Padi dengan Sistem Rotasi Tanaman
Authors: Ervianna Ana Rita , Hadi Mochamad , Rahadian Rully
Published: June 2022

Insects in agricultural ecosystem can play a role as pests or natural enemies. The abundance and diversity of insect pests and natural enemies are interconnected because insect pests are food for natural enemy insects. The aims of the study were to compare the abundance and diversity of pest insects and natural enemies of corn and rice plant, and to determine the similarity of pest insects and natural enemies of corn and rice plant using crop rotation systems. The sampling has performed four times i.e, in the vegetative phase of corn, generative corn, vegetative rice, and generative rice. The sampling method used sweep net method. The results showed that the number of individual pest insects and natural enemies of each growth phase of corn plants were lower than rice plants. The number of species pest insect and natural enemies of each growth phase of corn plants were lower than rice plants. In addition the diversity of pest insect of each growth phase of corn plants was higher than rice plants while the diversity of natural enemies in each growth phase of corn plants was lower than rice plants. The diversity index of pest insects and natural enemies of each growth phase in corn plants and rice plants was in the medium category. The presence of pest insects and  natural enemies in each growth phase of corn and rice plants shows the species in the two compared ecosystems were different.
Pengaruh Penyiraman Air Cucian Beras Fermentasi Satu Hari Dan Fermentasi Lima Belas Hari Terhadap Kadar Pigmen Fotosintetik Dan Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Fadilah Aprilia Nurul , Darmanti Sri , Haryanti Sri
Published: June 2022

Mustard plants are a type of vegetable favored by most people. Demand formustard plants continues to increase along with the increasing population and awareness of nutritional needs, but there are obstacles in increasing the production. This is due to the lack of nutrients needed by the mustard plant for its growth. One effort to increase the production of mustard plants is by adding nutrients through fertilization. Fertilizers are divided into two types, namely organic and inorganic fertilizers. However, long-term use of inorganic fertilizers can reduce soil quality and environmental health. One alternative to overcome these problems is to use liquid organic fertilizer in the form of fermented rice washing water. This study aims to determine the effect of 1-day fermented rice washing water and 15-days fermented rice washing water at different concentrations on photosynthetic pigment content and vegetative growth of green mustard plants and find out the best dose of rice washing water for the growth of green mustard plants. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) of 1 factor with 5 treatments. Each treatment with 4 replications with ordinary water as a control, 1-day fermented rice washing water with the concentration of 50% and 100%, and 15-days of fermented rice washing water with the concentration of 50%, and 100%. The results showed that the watering on 1-day fermented rice washing water with the concentration of 50% and 100% and 15-days of fermented rice washing water with a concentration of 50% had no effect on all parameters but the watering of 15-days fermented rice washing water with a concentration of 100% had an effect on increasing the plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, plant fresh weight, and plant dry weight. The growth of mustard green plants (Brassica juncea L) is best obtained in the treatment of 15-days fermented rice washing water with a concentration of 100%.
Pengaruh Vitamin B Kompleks Pada Produksi Senyawa Antimicrobial Peptides dari Pediococcus pentosaceus Serta Uji Aktivitasnya Terhadap Bacillus cereus dan Eschericia coli
Authors: Febrianty Debby Ananda , Wijanarka W , Rukmi Isworo
Published: June 2022

Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms can produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) which function as a self-defense mechanism against other harmful organisms in the same ecological niche. Pediococcus pentosaceus is a species of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) capable of producing AMPs in the form of bacteriocins and bacterocin-like inhibitory substances. The compounds it produces have received Generally Regarded as Safe status by the Food and Drug Association (FDA) and have potential as biological preservatives in the food sector. The production of these compounds can be influenced by environmental factors and growth medium of producing bacteria, so that optimization studies for the production of bacteriocin have been developed, in order to obtain optimal its activity. Vitamin B Complex is one of the growth factors needed by living things including bacteria to support their metabolism. This study aims to determine whether the addition of vitamin B complex affects the production and activity of AMPs from P. pentosaceus. Vitamin B Complex concentrations of 0 ppm, 0.1 ppm, 1 ppm and 10 ppm were added to the production medium of P. pentosaceus. Cell-free supernatants were harvested by centrifugation, then their activity was tested against Bacillus cereus and Eschericia coli using the Kirby Bauer method and analyzed using one way ANOVA parametric statistical test with a significance level of 0.05 and Duncan's post hoc test. The results showed that the addition of vitamin B complex was not significantly different to the activity of AMPs compounds, but in higher concentrations could reduce the activity of these compounds.
Kajian Etnobotani Loloh dan Teh Herbal Lokal sebagai Penunjang Ekonomi Kreatif Masyarakat Desa Tradisional Penglipuran Kabupaten Bangli-Bali
Authors: Pebiana Ni Putu Nadia , Puspasari Yeni Dina , Dewi Resty Mutiara , Arnyana Ida Bagus Putu
Published: June 2022

Penglipuran Village is a village in Bali that implements ethnobotany which is used as a medicinal plant which has been inherited in the form of a variety of traditional drinks that make use of typical plants in the village and has been widely marketed. The traditional drinks they produce are loloh cem-cem, loloh telang, turmeric loloh, plum fruit loloh and kelor and bawang berlian tea. The purpose of this article is to study the properties needed in plants used as loloh and herbal teas as well as the benefits of ethnobotany loloh and herbal teas as economic support as seen from the level of income of the people involved in their production. The writing of this article was done by taking a sample of snowballs in Penglipuran Village. Data collection techniques used in this study are: observation techniques, interview techniques, literature study techniques and data analysis using descriptive qualitative techniques. Data obtained in the field in accordance with the debates reviewed are described and interpreted qualitatively. The results obtained from this study are some plants that have been produced by economic products that are designed for local drinks, namely loloh and herbal teas. Using plants as traditional medicine by the people of Penglipuran Village, has now developed into an effort that provides economic benefits for the community. Based on the results of the study found three types of local traditional drinks (loloh) that support the welfare and economy of the Penglipuran Traditional Village community namely loloh cemcem, loloh telang flowers, and kelba tea (kelor bawang berlian) seen from the results of production in each transaction and marketing has been quite extensive.
Keanekaragaman dan Hubungan Kekerabatan Fenetik Spesies Anggota Famili Asteraceae di Jalur Pendakian Gunung Lawu Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologis
Authors: Qatrunnada Q , Susandarini Ratna
Published: June 2022

Asteraceae is one of the most diverse families in Angiosperms with an estimated of 23,600 species worldwide. One of the interesting place to explore the diversity of Asteraceae is Mount Lawu which has high potential for ecotourism. The newest track commonly used to climb to Mount Lawu is through Candi Cetho hiking track that was established in 2015. The study on the diversity of Asteraceae species on Candi Cetho hiking track has not been done before. The objective of this study was to explore the species diversity of Asteraceae and to determine their taxonomic relationship based on morphological characters. Plant samples were collected using explorative method along the hiking track, covering the altitude of 1,440 to 2,550 m above sea level. Identification of plant specimens based on morphological characters showed the existence of 13 species. Cluster analysis on 50 morphological characters was done using Euclidean distance and UPGMA method resulted in the recognition of two clusters.  Based on the principal component analysis, the morphological characters which showed highest role in the grouping of Asteceae species into two clusters were the base of the upper leaf, flower color, and upper leaf attachment type.
Struktur Komunitas dan Habitat Odonata di Kawasan Wisata Waduk Jatibarang Semarang
Authors: Yuditaningtyas Megayani , Hadi Mochamad , Tarwotjo Udi
Published: June 2022

Jatibarang Reservoir is a freshwater dam in Semarang which has different habitat types. The different of habitat types can affect biodiversity, including dragonflies (odonata). Dragonflies are insects that have an important function as a bioindicator of water quality and play a role in maintaining the balances of tropic levels in the food chain. The study aims to determine the abundance, diversity, evenness, similarity and distribution of dragonflies and to determine the abiotic and biotic factors of each habitat type in Jatibarang Reservoir tourist area. The study used Point Count method. The results showed that there were 22 types of dragonflies consisting of 7 different families. The dragonfly which has the highest abundance in the total number of individuals is Eupahea variegata with an index of 16.77%. Diversity of dragonflies in low and medium categories. The evenness level of dragonfly species is evenly. The similarity of species has a low to high degree of similarity. The distribution of dragonflies are clumped and regular. The differences in abiotic and biotic conditions in each habitat affect the structure of dragonfly community.
Analysis of Porous Silicon Formation on N-type Si (100) using Laser-Assisted Electrochemical Anodization Method
Authors: Suryana Risa , Aini Nabila Qurrota
Published: June 2022

Porous silicon (PSi) was formed on n-type Si (100) substrates using the laser-assisted electrochemical anodization method. The silicon surface was anodized in the solution of HF (40%) and ethanol (99%) in a ratio of 3:1 at a current density of 20 mA/cm2 for 15 min. The laser was illuminated on a silicon surface during the etching process. PSi surface morphology was characterized by SEM and identification of chemical bonds using FTIR. The highest number of pores, the best pore size homogeneity, and the smallest pore diameter in PSi were formed in Si which was illuminated by a green laser (2.33 eV). In contrast to red (1.91 eV) and purple (3.06 eV) formed irregular pores because of their small number and inhomogeneous size. On the PSi surface, Si-H and Si-O-Si bonds are formed. The number of Si-Hn and Si-O-Si bonds is directly proportional to the number of pores formed in PSi.
Ne/kritická reflexe minulosti a přeshraniční spolupráce v trojmezních Euroregionech Nisa a Šumava. Na cestě od nostalgického hledání kořenů k dialogickému vzpomínání?
Authors: Fleissner Kamil , Müller Karel B. , Kný Daniel , Fráně Luděk
Published: June 2022

The research article aims to contribute to the discussion on the process of Europeanization of collective memory. We examine the relationship between non/reflexive memory approaches and cross-border cooperation (CBC) in the triangle Euroregions Nisa and Šumava. We assume that key local agents of CBC defend dialogic remembering approach, therefore contribute to the process of horizontal Europeanization. To test this assumption, we conducted a questionnaire survey with 79 mayors and 52 semi-structured interviews with various agents in CBC in all sides of both Euroregions. Collected statistic data were analysed through the use of crosstabulation. In the interviews were identified multiple discourses on the historical conflicts and CBC. We interpreted both quantitative and qualitative data using the concept of the active border [Müller 2014, 2018] and four models of dealing with the traumatic past [Assman 2010]. We found evidence that traumatic past ceases to be perceived as a barrier and becomes to be seen as a catalyst for CBC. In this process, the following factors were identified as most crucial: structural perception of memory, cross-border socialisation, attachment towards EU project and, above all, generational gap. We prove that the leading supporters of dialogic remembering are representatives of the middle-aged generation of mayors, for whom the re/construction of cross-border relationships have become a lifelong challenge.
Konformita, společenský fenomén projevující se v chování většiny lidí
Authors: Mišovič Ján
Published: June 2022

The manifestations of the public social conformity have caught the interest of authors, especially in recent decades. In past events they are searching for the answer to the question, why does the public, in its majority, adjust to changing political measures, why is it conformal. To get an answer it is required to analyze events, which lead to the adaptation of new conditions, not neccesarily only political ones. The conformity can be characterised both in its narrower and broader concept. In the narrower sense, it is the adjustment of thoughts and opinions, and in the broader sense it´s the adaptation of values and attitudes. Social mechanisms, institutions, community and the social group to which an individual belongs, support the conformity. It is shaped by circumstances of individual’s livelihood, by the conflict of social roles and the influence of the communication. The fundamentals and principles upheld by the prevailing social mechanisms, are aided by the “pressure” of the social group through the social norms and influence of the media. Compliance with said norms leads to their adoption. The media shape the strategic effort of the individual, which manifests itself as conformity in public, but autonomous opinion in privacy. Those who fail to adapt to the conformity avoid it by ignoring social pressure. Autonomous individuals make decisions for a conformist or nonconformist attitude, the compliant ones adapt, therefore they are conformal. At each stage of development of a particular society, it shapes the specific form of social conformity. During the course of history did the manifestation of accepted conformity change along with the portion of conformal public in any particular society. We can evaluate its effects based on whether they contribute to balancing of social interactions, confirmation of generally accepted values and principles vital for both the majority as well as marginalized social groups, while informing agendas of political, economic, medial and other elites.
Sociální a ekonomické strategie života městských domácností v Kyrgyzstánu
Authors: Loktionová Světlana , Kšandová Drahoslava , Hejzlarová Tereza
Published: June 2022

The dissolution of the USSR and the transition from a planned to a market economy gave rise to significant changes across all areas of people’s daily lives in Kyrgyzstan. These processes have influenced its social institutions through an effect on household survival strategies. The purpose of this article is to identify differences and similarities in the means of survival chosen by Kyrgyz and Russian households. Employment, income, and expenses are important components of budget planning that affect the saving behaviour of household members. A qualitative method – a semi-structured interview – along with statistical data, was used to identify differences and similarities in the behaviour of Kyrgyz and Russian households, especially regarding their attitude to loans and social networks. The findings highlight the attitudes of different generations of households in contrasting cultural settings to these components.
Some Estimates for Virtual Element Methods in Three Dimensions
Authors: Huang Jianguo , Yu Yue
Published: June 2022

Some estimates on virtual element methods (VEMs), including inverse inequalities, norm equivalence, and interpolation error estimates, are developed for star-shaped polyhedral meshes whose faces admit virtual regular and quasi-uniform triangulations. This mesh regularity covers the usual ones used for theoretical analysis of VEMs, and the proofs are carried out in a straightforward way.