bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creative productive way
Authors: Gilavyan Martin
Published: July 2024

Suren Ayvazyan's fiction is one of the remarkable pages of Armenian Modern literature of the latest period and stands out for its subtle psychological penetrations, uncomplicated style of narration, unique manifestations of language thinking.

The heroes of his stories, novelettes and novels are presented in different dimensions of space and time: the chaos of the 18th century, the times of the feverish search for "The Armenian Road", pre-Soviet Armenia, economic recovery, and the Great Patriotic War. In those works, although the actions take place in different spatial dimensions, their basin is Zangezur, which apparently completes the miniature of Armenia.

For Ayvazyan, the people of his birthplace, its unique colors and aromas were a constant source of enthusiasm and heartfelt inspiration. In the nature of Khndzoresk, the writer searched for the heroes of his stories, novelettes and novels - natural people who were and always remained pure before society and especially before their conscience.
The heroes of Ayvazyan's stories and novels have their own prototypes, which the author knew very well and knew in his childhood. They are wise people with years of life experience, people with a thousand and one worries and pains, prominent personalities that generalize the image of time.

There is no imaginary story in Ayvazyan's short stories and novels, and the most characteristic thing for a writer is that he is able to find what is distinctive and typical for these people and to make it fictional with great skills.

Finally, there is no doubt that it is the right time for S. Ayvazyan's rich literary legacy should be thoroughly and systematically examined in literary studies.
V. Davtyan as the Interpreter of Western Armenian Poetry of the Beginning of the 20th century
Authors: Sargsyan Nara
Published: July 2024

The results of the research allow us to outline the following conclusions;

In the history of Armenian poetry V. Davtyan newly evaluates and underlines the importance of Western Armenian lyric poetry of the beginning of the 20th century, which differs with its high artistry, intertwinement of the national and universal and upgrades Armenian literature to the level of the world literature.
The articles of V. Davtyan reveal him as a literary critic of Western Armenian poetry. They illustrate the philosophical-aesthetic, theoretical understandings and principles of the theorist, which clearly define the aesthetic creed and the worldview of the writer.
Davtyan's articles are the generalizations of profound analysis distinguished with subtle observations, brief and accurate descriptions, high literary value and relevance.
The articles are differentiated with a stunning imagery based on individual and national dramas.
Davtyan supports the continuous reverberation of the classical poetry created in Western Armenia from generation to generation.
The Armenian critic reveals the artistic value and the hidden beauty of the tiny masterpieces of Western Armenian lyrical poetry of the beginning of the century,
The critic touches upon the question of the identity of the Western Armenian poet, his national image and socio-political activities.
The personal tragedy of the Western Armenian poets was accompanied by their creative accomplishments which acquired universal significance.
The literary greatness of the Western Armenian poet is measured by his individualism, national and universal perception, love and understanding.
Davtyan in his research juxtaposes the ideal and the reality.
The critic focuses on the essence of the Armenian writer, aiming at preservation of the literary traditions and intertwining them with the modern periods.
Eduard Hayrapetyan Piano quartet (1981 – 1998)
Authors: Karapetyan Gohar
Published: July 2024

As a result of the study of the theme, our conclusions are as follows:

In the present article we deal with the piano quartet of the composer Eduard Hayrapetyan. This musical work has its incomparable place both in the creative activity of the composer and in the Armenian chamber instrumental music.
Eduard Hayrapetyan is one of the prominent representatives of the Armenian composer school.
He created European classic music  derived from Armenian professional musical traditions, synthesized contemporary melodic elements  with folk and  folk  - professional elements.
He also responded with great interest to the contemporary professional musical structure and in this way created his own special composer trend.In the 20th century composer creative life was flourishing. Eduard Hayrapetyan belongs to those composers whose creative activity is appreciated by the musicians and by the listeners. 
In 1981 he created the piano trio for violin, cello and piano. However some time later he transformed  the trio into the piano quartet  (violin, viola, cello and piano).The second part of the quartet was transformed in the  figurative meaning. It became more meditative, but not in the meaning of Buddhist meditation, where human thinking is separated from reasonable notion.  He described spiritual state of a human being as the heavenly spiritual world. At the same time he restrained human emotions and deep feelings.
The piano quartet is unique by its composition. It lacks the general thematic development, i. E.it is based on the mutual transition of the variations, which is expressed very brightly.
WHAT DO THE MANUSCRIPTS HIDE? ABOUT THE DESCRIPTION OF A MANUSCRIPT PUBLISHED IN THE "SION" MAGAZINE
Authors: HOVSEPYAN LILIT , MANUKYAN TATEVIK
Published: July 2024

Maksoudian published in 1968 in the magazine “Sion” a description of the manuscript of 1311, supplementing the manuscript heritage of the medieval Artske, copied by the scribe Hovhannes in the “Desert of Artske” under the title Recently discovered Armenian manuscript in America. The manuscript contains the books of Solomon the Wise: Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Wisdom, as well as the work by Grigor Nyusatsi Interpretation of the Song of Songs. The article considers this description as an important source, equivalent to a manuscript, for the study of the written environment of Artske.
In 1317 the Hovhannes, in the same Artske desert, made an exact copy of the manuscript (colophons and contents coincide), which is the manuscript number 76 of the Mashtots Matenadaran. The comparative textological-codicological analysis of these two manuscripts from the Artske Desert reveals new details both about the copyist Hovhannes and about the writing environment of Artske at the beginning of the 14th century; the worldly name of the copyist and the names of his relatives become known, of whom there is no mention in the colophon of the manuscript number 76.
The article highlights the fact that Solomon's Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs and Wisdom were copied in a separate manuscript as a unique phenomenon of copying the biblical text, which justifies the presence in this copied text of noteworthy discrepancies that are absent in the readings of the Bible, considered authoritative, published by Hovhannes Zohrabian in 1805 year, and may contribute to a future work on the composition of the critical text of the Bible.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VERB-PARTICLE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE COMPONENT UP, ABOVE-ՎԵՐ/ՎԵՐև, AGAINST-ԴԵՄ/ԸՆԴԴԵՄ IN MODERN ENGLISH AND ARMENIAN
Authors: SIMONYAN SONA
Published: July 2024

English and Armenian exhibit richness in infinitive+preposition/postposition or adverb constructions. These constructions are referred to as verb-particle constructions in Armenian and phrasal verbs in English. These constructions reflect the richness and flexibility of expressing thoughts and actions in English and Armenian languages. The non-verbal component of these constructions is preposition, postposition or adverb with a sense of place and direction. Examples include take up «prefer», blow up «explode», վեր հանել (literally «to take up», meaning «to open the secret, to find out smth», and դեմ ընկնել (literally «fall against», meaning «to ask, to beg»). When studying these constructions, it is necessary to pay attention to the context in order to accurately determine their meanings and usage in each language.
This article presents a comparative analysis of verb-particle constructions with the particles up, above, against, վեր/վերև, դեմ, ընդդեմ.
The verb-particle constructions in English and Armenian exhibit numerous similarities. It is noteworthy that units with the mentioned components are often used in similar contexts, conveying similar meanings and exhibiting comparable structural characteristics. However, in addition to their common meanings, these units also possess distinct meanings unique to one language.
In Armenian, due to the synthetic nature of the language, the meanings of English phrasal verbs featuring the components up, above, and against can be also expressed through the use of endings.
Pilgrimage in Tayk Ashkharh
Authors: Avetisyan Gagik
Published: July 2024

Thus, having comprehensively studied the historical process and the current state of the monuments of the Tayk, we came to the following conclusions.

The current competent authorities of Turkey, cooperating with their Georgian colleagues with the involvement of relevant specialists, restore several famous Armenian monumental monuments of Tayk in accordance with the Chalcedonian Canon.
Under the guise of restoration, by cutting out fragments of inscriptions confirming Armenian authenticity, native Armenian monuments are presented as Georgian heritage.
Some monuments have been vandalized and in the absence of proper attention, years later they will not even leave a trace.
For a significant part of the Armenians, pilgrimages to Western Armenia are limited only to visiting the central districts, mostly ignoring the Armenian Taуk.

                Proceeding from the above, we believe that the most important condition for the formation of a patriot citizen continues to be an educated person who knows and appreciates his history and religion, one of the best ways of which is pilgrimage and exploring even the most remote places of the historical homeland from the main routes. Therefore, the problem of pilgrimage, research and constant monitoring of particularly remote, little-known and disputed parts of the lost homeland is now relevant and requires concrete solutions.
A potential role of nanophytocompounds in diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Thapa Komal , Kanojia Neha , Verma Nitin
Published: July 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia, which is a common endocrine disease. DM and its complications may lead to diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). DFU is associated with reduced wound healing because of altered cellular and cytokine responses, inadequate vascularization, infection, and neuropathy. One novel and promising approach to treating diabetic wound healing is the administration of compounds based on nanotherapeutics, such as nanoparticles and nanoscaffolds. Plant extracts can be administered more successfully by using nanoscale delivery methods. Plant extracts and their related phytocompounds can be nanostructured to enhance their bioavailability, regulate their release via extended delivery techniques to the wound site, and increase their penetration to the deeper layers of the skin. All these benefits are critical for the healing process. This brief overview covers the most recent methods to develop phytomedicine nanotherapeutics for the treatment of diabetic wounds.
Condition of collections of Juglans and Carya (Juglandaceae) in the N. V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden RAS
Authors: Мухина Н. , Серая Г. , Каштанова А. , Яценко О. , Трусов А. , Соколова В. , Мамонтов К. , Политыко А.
Published: July 2024

Обследованы растения коллекций семейства Juglandaceae: род Juglans L. и род Carya Nutt., произрастающие в дендрарии и на территории отдела природной флоры ГБС РАН (Москва). Оценены состояние и морфометрические показатели растений разных видов. Выявлен видовой состав фитопатогенов и дендрофагов, другие ослабляющие факторы и их влияние на сохранность коллекций. Показаны перспективы выращивания Juglans nigra, J. ailanthifolia ssp. cordiformis, J. mandshurica, J. ailanthifolia и Carya cordiformis, C. laciniosa, C. ovata в средней полосе России. Рекомендованы мероприятия по улучшению состояния растений.
Tree-Ring Analysis of 445 Year Chronology of Scots Pine from Baikal National Park
Authors: Румянцев Д. , Черакшев А.
Published: July 2024

Исследован методический аспект обработки дендрохронологической информации, связанной с выделением долговременной и кратковременной компонент изменчивости из временного ряда радиального прироста, полученного по трем кернам из старовозрастной сосны с острова Ольхон. Проанализированы различные варианты индексации хронологии и рассчитан коэффициент корреляции между хронологиями разного типа. По результатам исследования определен лучший вариант индексации. Для долговременной компоненты установлена связь с числами Вольфа, при этом она демонстрирует цикличность колебаний, соответствующую истинному Солнечному циклу.

The most part of known in present time long tree-ring chronologies were build with use of timber cores from wooden buildings and archeological timber samples, wchich were dated with use cores from living trees by cross-date method. Thus, they consist of dendrochronological information from several organisms. At the same time, the investigation of features of tree-rings forming by one genotype for maximally possible long time interval has the independent value for progress of our knowledge about biological base of radial growth variability and the wood stock forming. The goal of investigation wath the analisys of radial growth variability in uncial ald-age tree of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) The length of investigated chronology was 445 years. The investigated tree is situated on Baycal island Olchon in forest on sandy soils near Saraysk bay. Three cores were taken by Pressler borer and was delivered to the laboratory where specially prepared for future research. Rings width were measured and analysed with use of special equipment Lintab and computer program TSAP. By results of measuring of each core was made three individual chronology, and on the base of them was calculated the average chronology. The correlation between absolutely value of radial growth chronologies and chchronologies calculated by indexation with use of different variants of growth norm; the features of long-term component of the radial growth calculated by method of of 11-year moving average; features of correlation between sunspot activity and long-term and short-term components of radial growth were investigated. It was established, that for investigation of short-term variability of radial growth and effect of climate changes on radial growth the best variant of indexation is on the base of 5-year average norm of ring width. Also it was established, that impact of solar activity on radial growth has nonstationary function and probably modified by impact of other astrophysical factors.
Priority Technologies in Forest Protection Against Hazardous Organisms
Authors: Лямцев Н.И. , Сергеева Ю.А. , Гниненко Ю.И. , Комарова И.А.
Published: July 2024

Рассматриваются вопросы научного обеспечения системы мероприятий по защите лесов от вредных организмов, а также методы прогнозирования массовых размножений опасных для насаждений видов насекомых и угрозы повреждения насаждений. Приведены эффективные биологические агенты и технологии их массового производства и применения против ряда вредителей лесов, а также результаты испытаний новых препаратов для расширения ассортимента разрешенных к применению средств защиты лесов.

The paper highlights development of environmental and economically efficient integrated forest protection operation packages including updated technologies of phytosanitary prevention, forest pathology monitoring and survey, suppression of widely spread and quarantine forest insect and disease outbreaks. Development of mass outbreak forecast procedures for hazardous insects and forest damage risks is based on longterm stationary studies, Pheromone application technology for population monitoring of 11 leaf and needle eating pest species, 9 coniferous stem pest species, as well as 3 shoot moth species has been developed and its population thresholds identified. Insect pheromone application to cut its population primarily systematic catch of population share in reservation areas has been recommended. New preparation trials to extend allowable applicable forest protection agent range are underway. Efficient biological agent search, its mass production and application technology development has been done. Pilot laboratory small scale production of forest protection virus biological agent against red pine sawfly has been established. Chouioia cunea entomoparasitoid mass rearing and application technology has been developed. Studies that ensure insect host rearing and 3 eggeater species cultivation and its applications in forest pest protection has been conducted. Small scale predator Thanasimus and Rhizophagus entomophage production and application technologies to prevent shaping of bark beetle and other stem pest mass outbreaks have been developed. Biology and damage rate of some hazardous invasive organisms have been studies and its detection and identification technologies developed. Studies to develop efficient protection operations against such new invaders in Russian forest communities.
Research on Biological Productivity of Forests in the Institute of Forest Science RAS
Authors: Гульбе Я.И. , Гульбе А.Я. , Ермолова Л.С. , Гульбе Т.А.
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрены история, методика и результаты почти 70-летних исследований по первичной биологической продуктивности лесов в Институте лесоведения РАН. За этот период исследования, направленные в основном на получение фактического материала о фитомассе и годичной продукции лесных фитоценозов, перешли на новый качественный уровень разработку нормативной базы для определения биологической продуктивности лесов и теории продукционного процесса.

Over the years of research at the Institute of Forest Science RAS, a unique material has been obtained on the biological productivity of forest biogeocenoses in various natural zones of the European part of Russia. Throughout the research, much attention was paid to methodological issues, which made it possible to ensure sufficient accuracy and reliability of the data obtained during field work, office and statistical processing of the material. The presence of a long-term monitoring network made it possible to organize long-term monitoring of the forest biogeocenoses production process at permanent plots. Along with works on the assessment of the biological productivity of vegetation cover and the study of biological cycle in biogeocenoses, the Institute also develops theoretical questions, in particular, formulated the concept of production invariance of forest phytocenoses, outlined approaches to dividing the canopy of forest stands into biogeo-horizon. Together with the CEPF RAS, a regulatory framework was created for assessing the phytomass of forests and its dynamics, which made it possible to evaluate pools and carbon fluxes on the territory of the forest fund of Russia and some federal districts and federal subjects. The data on the biological productivity of the age series of stands and monitoring of the production process at permanent plots of observation made it possible to approach the preparation of the balance of organic matter in the aboveground part of forest phytocenoses. An assessment is made of the production potential of forest phytocenoses forming on abandoned agricultural lands and their impact on the regional carbon cycle. Further research in the study of biological productivity is focused, first of all, on improving the regulatory framework for determining phytomass and annual production of forest phytocenoses and developing the theoretical foundations of the production process.
Old-Growth Forests Of Serebryanoborsky Forestry
Authors: Татарников Д.В. , Львов Ю.Г.
Published: July 2024

Проанализирована структура некоторыхстаровозрастныхнасажденийСеребряноборскоголесничества: липового, дубово-липового и соснового. Сосновое насаждение за время своего существования неоднократно подвергалось выборочным рубкам, и в его составе присутствуют три поколения березы, появившиеся в разное время. В древостое возрастает участие липы и клена. Липняк в 110 лет остается устойчивым насаждением. А дубово-липовое насаждение, в котором долгие годы преобладал дуб, сегодня стало почти чистым липняком.

Structure of some old-growth woods of Serebryanoborsky forestry (linden forest, oak-linden forest, pine forest) has been analysed. Age of dominant trees was: near 110 years in linden forest, near 130 years in oak-linden forest, more 200 years in pine forest. Forests around big cities such as Moscow are turned out forestry exploitation, and there are many old aged tree stands in these forests. Structure of old aged tree stands was created by growth of different tree generations and various disturbances, which occurred during long history of existence of wood. In the pine forest there are three generations of birch, which have appeared after local cutting of pine at different time. The role of linden and maple in the stand was being increased during last seventy years. In the oak-linden forest domination has changed from oak to linden in recent time as result of plural oak drying.Thelindentreestandremainsstable.
Influence of Substrate Composition On Survival Rate and Root Formation of Adaptable ex vitro Plants of North American Varieties of Half-Highbush Blueberry
Authors: Макаров С.С. , Родин С.А. , Кузнецова И.Б.
Published: July 2024

В статье приведены результаты исследований по изучению влияния состава субстрата на приживаемость и корнеобразование на этапе адаптации к условиям ex vitro растений голубики полувысокой североамериканских сортов Northblue и Northcountry. Подобран почвенный субстрат для адаптации растений, размноженных in vitro, к нестерильным условиям ex vitro. Самая высокая приживаемость растений голубики выявлена на торфе переходного типа.

The article presents the results of studies of the influence of substrate composition on the survival rate and root formation at the stage of adaptation of North American varieties (Northblue and Northcountry) of half-highbush blueberry plants to the ex vitro conditions. The half-highbush blueberry is a hybrid of Vaccinium corymbosum × V. angustifolium Ait species. This species is frost-resistant, high-yielding, and resistant to various diseases and pests. Blueberry fruits contain a rich composition of biologically active substances, provitamin A, vitamins B1, B2, C, PP, phosphorus, calcium and iron in an easily digestible form. Studies on the adaptation of blueberry plants of the half-highbush varieties Northblue and Northcountry on three types of soil substrate: peat+soil 1:1, peat+sand 3:1, transitional peat type. An optimal soil substrate is selected for plant adaptation in vitro to ex vitro non-sterile conditions. The highest percentage of blueberry plant survival is on the substrate peat of the transitional type. The largest total length of the roots is observed in adapted plants on the substrate “peat + soil 1: 1” is observed (14,5 cm), on the substrate “peat + sand 3: 1” – 9,6 cm. Both the composition of the substrate and the variety have a significant impact on the average length of blueberry roots. The average root length of Northcountry blueberry varieties is 1,8 cm, which is longer than Northblue (1,6 cm). The largest total length of the roots is observed in Northblue blueberry plants. The percentage survival rate of viable plants of the half-highbush blueberry reached up to 90%.
Forecasting of Yield of Rubus Caesius Berry-Field in the Forests of the Steppe Pridonye
Authors: Коробова Я.В. , Турчин Т.Я.
Published: July 2024

Приводятся результаты краткосрочного прогнозирования урожайности ягодников ежевики сизой в различных группах типов леса степного Придонья. С помощью корреляционного анализа установлена точность полученных прогнозных значений.

The article deals with research of specificities of forecasting of yield of Rubus caesius in the main groups of forests of the steppe Pridonye [1]. Relevance of the research is due to the fact that, in natural forests of the steppe Pridonye the Rubus caesius is widely spread. According to data of the previous researches, there are the following factors, that influence growth and fruiting of wild Rubus caesius berry-field: type of forest, crown density and weather conditions. At the same time, the issue of forecasting of yield of Rubus caesius in forests of the steppe Pridonye remains open. As the result of this work, it was established by authors, that the most quantity of flowers of Rubus caesius per square meter is approximately the same in all groups of types of forest of the studied territory (65–86 pcs./m2), except oak ravine thalweg forests, where this value is significantly lower (40–43 pcs./m2). At the same time, the most quantity of sets were founded in black poplars near the riverbed (47–63 pcs./m2) and birch steppe sandy banded forests (48–60 pcs./m2),and the lowest – in oak ravine thalweg forests (21–22 pcs./m2). Long-time average annual weight of a berry on all sample plots under review is almost the same and ranges within the frame of 0,8–0,9 g. The only exceptions are the sample plot 2 and the sample plot 8, where this value is 1,0 g and 1,2 g respectively. Besides that, the authors received forecasting data of yield of Rubus caesius berry-field in the main groups of types of forests of the steppe Pridonye. To hold accuracy analysis of obtained forecasting values there was also calculated and given long-time average annual yield of Rubus caesius on the sample plots under review according to data of field researches 2012–2017 years. The results of comparative analysis represent that the obtained forecasting values in all cases exceed data of actual yield. At the same time, it should be noted, that values, that have been calculated by quantity of sets per square meter of berry-fields by using coefficient of long-time average annual fruitfulness of fruits setting turned out more similar to actual data. Using for calculation the data of flowering has shown large differences from real values. Reference 1. Turchin, Т.Y. The forests of steppe Pridonye / Т.Y. Turchin, Т.А. Turchina. – Rostov-on-Don: Publishing office of Rost. University, 2005. – 204 p.
Age Structure and Composition of Pine Stands in the Altai-Novosibirsk Region of Forest-Steppe and Ribbon Forests
Authors: Осипенко А.Е. , Осипенко Р.А. , Залесов С.В.
Published: July 2024

В статье представлены результаты анализа возрастной структуры и точности таксации 6-ти сосновых древостоев, произрастающих в условиях типов леса сухой бор пологих всхолмлений и свежий бор. Установлено, что все исследуемые сосновые древостои являются одноярусными, условно разновозрастными и разновозрастными.

The article constitutes an analysis of the structure of pine stands by age, height, diameter, and wood stock. The study was carried out on the territory of the Rakitovsky forestry of the Altai Krai for six pine stands that grow in the conditions of the forest types “dry coniferous wood on gentle slopes” and “fresh coniferous wood”. The article presents graphs of the wood stock distribution and the number of trees in the studied stands by diameter classes, as well as the distribution of age and height indicators by diameter classes. The felling age established in the Rakitovsky forestry for stands with the predominance of common pine of the III and lower yield classes is from 121 to 140 years. Under these conditions, trees of this age can have completely different diameters – 40 cm and more or from 16 to 20 cm. At the same time, trees belonging to the diameter classes with a thickness of 40 cm or more can have a smaller age. The range of variation in the age of trees within the same diameter class can be from 10 to 164 years with an average value of 40 years which certainly makes it difficult to divide trees into age generations. The study found that all the pine stands under study were single-tiered, conditionally mixed-age, and mixed-age. The stands in which the distribution of the stock by diameter classes has two or more vertices were evaluated as pine trees consisting of 2 3 generations. For two of the six pine stands, there is an overestimation of the average age of forest elements based on forest management materials and an underestimation of the average age for one of the stands. Such taxation indicators of forest elements as the average height and average diameter in the forest management materials correspond to reality. The study also found that for stands that grow in the conditions of the fresh coniferous wood type, the largest number of trees was concentrated in diameter classes of 8 to 12. In the conditions of the type “dry coniferous wood on gentle slopes”, the distribution of trees along the diameter class is more uniform. Based on the obtained data on the age of the registered trees and stocks of the studied pine stands, corrected formulas for their compositions were proposed.
To the Question of Inventory Protective Forestry on Landagricultural Appointment (on the Example of the Rostov region)
Authors: Дубенок Н.Н. , Танюкевич В.В. , Михин В.И. , Кулик А.В. , Хмелева Д.В. , Кваша А.А.
Published: July 2024

Проанализированы результаты инвентаризации защитных лесных насаждений, предусматривающей сбор и систематизацию сведений об их площадях, местоположении, породном и возрастном составе, состоянии, таксационных и мелиоративных показателях, правовом статусе. Приведены апробированные рекомендации для проведения инвентаризации агролесомелиоративных насаждений в отдельных субъектах Российской Федерации.

The article summarizes the experience of inventory of protective forest stands on agricultural land in the Rostov region. The need to take into account the agroforestry fund is determined by the law of the Russian Federation “About land reclamation”. The customers of the works are the owners of agricultural land. The main part of the article describes the content of the inventory stages. Preparatory work consists of collecting and analyzing reference and archival materials. The composition and equipment of forest inventory parties are given. At the field stage, an agroforestry survey is carried out on field-protective, culvert, off-shore, horticultural forest belts and near-farm plantations. Their area, construction, species composition, age, forest inventory performance and safety are determined. Forest management measures are assigned to improve the condition and reclamation efficiency of plantings: thinning, uprooting, reconstruction. In the course of desk work, an inventory report is issued. It is established that in the Rostov region the area of plantings used by agricultural organizations is 224,190 ha, leased 8,316 ha, owned 5,887 ha, on reserve lands 1,505 ha, in the district land redistribution fund 314 ha. Shelter and near-shore forest belts prevail: 52 % and 16 % of the total planted area. Protective forest cover of arable land is 2,6 %. The need for additional shelter forest belts is 116 thousand hectares. The main species of agroforestry are robinia, green ash, squat elm and petiolate oak aged 40–70 years. Recommended uprooting of plantings on an area of 4,670 ha, thinning of 219,220 ha, reconstruction of 6,032 ha. An example of the layout of protective forest stands on agricultural land is given. The article notes the prospects of using remote methods for assessing protective forest stands, offers suggestions for legal regulation of agroforestry, accounting for protective forest stands, and provides developed scientific and practical recommendations for conducting a one-time inventory of protective forest stands on agricultural land.
Aviation Protection of Russian Forests – 90 years!
Authors: Ковалев Н.А.
Published: July 2024

В статье представлена история становления и развития авиационной охраны лесов в России, создания баз авиационной охраны лесов и централизации Авиалесоохраны, а также рассмотрено современное состояние системы авиационной охраны лесов в стране. Приведены новые технологии и перспективные направления развития.

The article presents the history of the formation and development of aviation forest protection in Russia, the creation of aviation forest protection bases and the centralization of Aviation forest protection, as well as the current state of the aviation forest protection system in the country. New technologies and promising areas of development are presented.
Natural Seed Regeneration under Single-Storied Plantation Canopy in Dendro Orchard, Dendro Park and Urban Forest
Authors: Родин С.А. , Межибовский А.М. , Чемарина О.В.
Published: July 2024

Изучено естественное семенное возобновление хвойных и лиственных древесных пород в рукотворных насаждениях (дендросаду, дендропарке) и городском лесу в северо-восточной части Московской обл. Осуществлён учёт самосева и подроста под пологом лесных массивов, биологических групп и под проекциями крон отдельных деревьев. Приведена оценка адаптации хвойных и лиственных пород по их способности к естественному семенному возобновлению. При полном отсутствии семенного возобновления на указанных объектах адаптация древесной породы оценивалась как неудовлетворительная. При наличии в насаждении естественного жизнеспособного семенного возобновления адаптация древесной породы признавалась удовлетворительной и хорошей в зависимости от количества самосева и подроста. Адаптация хвойных пород на всех изученных объектах признана неудовлетворительной; дубов красного и черешчатого, ореха маньчжурского, клёна остролистного и вяза гладкого - удовлетворительной и хорошей. Установлено, что у мелкого подроста дуба красного после первого механического повреждения утрачивается центральный побег и формируется под углом 30-40о замещающий побег; после второго механического повреждения такое растение погибает. Адаптация остальных изученных лиственных древесных пород признана неудовлетворительной. Для сохранения биологического разнообразия, оздоровления приземного слоя воздуха и привлекательности в парках и городских лесах рекомендуется использовать следующие древесные породы: дубы красный и черешчатый, орех маньчжурский (на суглинистых почвах), клён остролистный, вяз гладкий.

Softwood and hardwood tree species natural seed regeneration in man-made plantations (dendrological orchard and dendrological park) and urban forest in north-eastern part of the Moscow region was under study. Natural regeneration and undergrowth under forest area canopy, biological groups under individual tree crown cover were taken into account. Softwood hardwood tree species natural seed regeneration adaptation potential has been assessed. Complete lack of seed regeneration in the said sites tree species adaptation was assessed as unsatisfactory. With available viable natural seed regeneration tree species adaptation was considered satisfactory or good depending on available seed regeneration and undergrowth. Softwood species adaptation in all studied sites was found unsatisfactory while red and common oaks, Manchurian walnut, Norway maple and European white elm -satisfactory or good. It was found that small red oak undergrowth after 1st mechanical damage lose its central shoot and shape substitution shoot at 30-40 angle but after 2nd damage such plant dies. Adaptation of other studied hardwood tree species was regarded unsatisfactory. To promote bio-diversity conservation, recovery of ground air layer, attraction of urban parks and forests it is recommended to use the following tree species: oaks red and common, Manchurian walnut (in loam soils), Norway maple and European white elm.
Methodological Aspects of Snow Water Supplies Assessment Based on Kanopus-V Satellite Imagery Data
Authors: Сидоренков В.М. , Астапов Д.О. , Ачиколова Ю.С. , Алентьев Ю.Ю.
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрены методические подходы к оценке запаса воды в снеге на основе результатов лесотаксационного дешифрирования, полученных по данным съемки со спутника Канопус-В. Исследования базируются на результатах экспериментальных работ по снегосъемке на территории Истринского стационара Федерального бюджетного учреждения «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт лесоводства и механизации лесного хозяйства» (ФБУ ВНИИЛМ), а также данных таксации 28 пробных площадей. Запасы воды в снеге определены на основе взаимосвязи данного показателя с полнотой, запасом, возрастом и количеством деревьев в насаждении. Результаты исследований имеют важное значение при расчете запасов воды в снеге с использованием спутниковой съемки в летний и зимний периоды для определения основных таксационных характеристик насаждений. По итогам проведенной работы выполнено зонирование территории изучаемого района по запасам воды в снеге в феврале–марте 2021 г.

The article discusses methodological approaches to assessing water supplies in snow cover using forestry interpretation data of Kanopus-V satellite imagery. The study analyses materials of snow survey implemented on the territory of Istra research station of All-Russian Research Institute of Forestry and Forestry Mechanization (FBU VNIILM), along with forest inventory data of 28 sampling plots. Determination of snow water supplies was carried out concerning its relationships with forest density, standing volume and number of trees. The research results are crucial while estimating snow water supplies using summer and winter satellite imagery to determine the main forest characteristics. Based on the study results zoning study area according to water content in snow cover for the period of February-March 2021 was implemented.
Biometric Indicators of Seedlings of Coniferous Species with an Open and Closed Root System
Authors: Третьякова Р.А. , Паркина О.В. , Якубенко О.Е. , Якубенко А.А.
Published: July 2024

Биологические особенности ели сибирской и сосны кедровой сибирской определяют возможность их эффективного использования в условиях Западной Сибири. На территории УПХ «Сад Мичуринцев» Новосибирска изучена вертикально-фракционная структура фитомассы посадочного материала этих пород и развитие открытой и закрытой корневой системы. Проанализированы биометрические показатели саженцев с открытой и закрытой корневой системой. Установлено, что способ выращивания оказывает влияние на формирование подземной и надземной части посадочного материала. Так, у саженцев исследуемых пород с открытой корневой системой наблюдаются более высокие показатели прироста в высоту, чем у саженцев с закрытой корневой системой. Сделан вывод о том, что в прирост осевого побега у посадочного материала хвойных пород наибольший вклад вносит вид корневой системы – 64 %.

The biological features of Siberian spruce and Siberian stone pine determine the possibility of their effective use in the conditions of Western Siberia. The vertical-fractional structure of the phytomass of the planting material of these species and the development of an open and closed root system were studied on the territory of the UPH "Garden Michurintsev" of Novosibirsk. The biometric indicators of seedlings with open and closed root systems were analyzed. It has been established that the cultivation method has an impact on the formation of the underground and above-ground parts of the planting material. Thus, in seedlings of the studied species with an open root system, higher rates of growth in height are observed than in seedlings with a closed root system. It was concluded that the type of root system makes the greatest contribution to the growth of the axial shoot in the planting material of coniferous species – 64%.
Candidate of Economic Sciences
Authors: Жидкова Е.В.
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрено ведение лесного хозяйства в Италии. Состояние лесов страны представлено в разрезе регионов по показателям общей площади, лесистости, запасам древесины, породному составу и доступности лесов для заготовки древесины. Проанализированы типы охраняемых лесных территорий и распределение их площади по регионам. Рассмотрена структура собственников лесных участков. Приведены данные о планировании лесного хозяйства и методах ведения лесного хозяйства Италии. Представлены причины и объёмы повреждения лесов, динамика годовых объёмов вывозки древесины. Определена роль Италии в мировом экспорте и импорте лесной продукции.

The concept of forest used in Italy is considered. The state of forests was studied in the context of Italian regions in terms of total area, forest cover, timber reserves, species composition and availability of forests for timber harvesting. The distribution of forest area in Italy by region and altitude class was studied. The types of protected forest areas in Italy and the distribution of their area by region are analyzed. The structure of owners of forest plots is considered. Data on forestry planning and forestry practices in Italy are presented. The causes and extent of damage to Italian forests have been studied. The dynamics of annual volumes of wood removal in Italy are analyzed. The role of Italy in the world export and import of forest products is determined.
Experiment in Transforming Native Birch Forests into Siberian Pine Forests
Authors: Дебков Н.М. , Панёвин В.С. , Сидоренков В.М. , Ачиколова Ю.С. , Сидоренкова Е.М.
Published: July 2024

Представлены результаты многолетних работ по переформированию мягколиственных малоценных насаждений в кедровые (сосна сибирская кедровая) на территории Березовско-Лавровской лесной дачи Томской обл. Исследования имеют значение для планирования систем ведения лесного хозяйства в орехово-промысловых зонах, примыкающих к населенным пунктам. Результаты показывают, что при выполнении мероприятий по переформированию мягколиственных насаждений в кедровые необходимо применять комплексный подход, сочетающий в себе уход за сформированными насаждениями кедра и культурами кедра, а также организацию системы противопожарного обустройства.

The article presents materials of long-term work on converting soft-leaved low-value forests into Siberian pine stands on the Berezovsko-Lavrovskaya dacha’s territory in the Tomsk region. The study has a great potential for planning forestry systems in Siberian pine’ seeds (nuts) producing areas adjacent to populated areas. The results show that when implementing measures of transformation soft-leaved forests into pine plantations, it is necessary to apply an integrated approach combining the care of formed Siberian pine plantations and its crops, and the fire-fighting system organization.
Morphometric Assessment оf the Development оf Scots Pine Trees in the Zone of Extremely High Degree of Forest Contamination with Cesium-137
Authors: Ромашкина И.В. , Астраханцева Н.В. , Ромашкин Д.Ю.
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрены особенности формирования древесины ствола и индекс флуктуирующей асимметрии (ИФА) хвои 50-летних деревьев сосны обыкновенной, произрастающих в зоне крайне высокой степени радиоактивного загрязнения (>40 Ки/км2). Анализ средних приростов за период роста деревьев с 1962 по 2013 г. показал, что выбросы радиоактивных веществ в результате катастрофы на ЧАЭС в 1986 г. не оказали заметного влияния на развитие ксилемы исследованных деревьев, что может свидетельствовать об их меньшей чувствительности в результате пережитого более сильного стрессового воздействия климатических факторов 1968–1969 гг. Предполагаем, что это воздействие могло послужить причиной невысоких значений ИФА хвои сосны обыкновенной данной популяции.

The features of trunk wood formation and the index of fluctuating asymmetry (ELISA) of needles of 50-year-old Scots pine trees growing in an area with extremely high levels of radioactive contamination (>40 Ki/km2) are considered. An analysis of the average growth over the period of tree growth from 1962 to 2013 showed that the emissions of radioactive substances as a result of the Chernobyl disaster in 1986 did not have a noticeable effect on the development of the xylem of the studied trees, which may indicate their lower sensitivity as a result of the more severe stress of climatic factors of 1968–1969, we assume that this effect it could be the reason for the low values of the IFA of the needles of the common pine of this population.
Evaluation of fluid responsiveness using liver compression in dogs with experimentally induced hypovolemia
Authors: Seo Daeyun , Lim Seongsoo , Namgoong Beomkwan , Choe Ahreum , Uhm Heesung , Hong Hyeajeong , Lee Nanju , Kim Isong , Heo Seunghun , Her Jiwoong , Kim Min-Su
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE

To investigate whether liver compression (LC) could increase stroke volume (SV) by more than 15% in healthy, anesthetized dogs with hypovolemia and suggest LC as a novel method to evaluate fluid responsiveness.

ANIMALS

6 healthy Beagles.

METHODS

This prospective, nonrandomized experimental study was conducted from November 2023 to February 2024. The dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane and mechanically ventilated under neuromuscular blockade. After instrumentation, the dogs underwent the following 4 experimental stages in a sequential, nonrandomized manner: stage 1, baseline; stage 2, 30% withdrawal of circulating blood volume; stage 3, 50% infusion of the collected blood; and stage 4, the remaining 50% infusion of the collected blood. At each stage, SV via pulmonary artery thermodilution and hemodynamic variables were measured before, during, and after the LC.

RESULTS

In stage 2, LC significantly increased mean SV by 30%, from 6.9 to 9 mL/beat. Simultaneously, LC significantly increased mean arterial pressure by 11 mm Hg and mean central venous pressure by 2 mm Hg, while pulse pressure variation significantly decreased from 28% to 22%. In stages 1, 3, and 4, LC did not significantly change mean SV, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure variation; however, mean central venous pressure significantly increased during stage 3.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

This study demonstrates that LC at 22 mm Hg for 1 minute could increase SV more than 15% in anesthetized, hypovolemic dogs and LC could be used as a novel method to evaluate fluid responsiveness.
Topical naltrexone potentiates cutaneous wound healing in blackbelt cichlids (Vieja maculicauda)
Authors: Cerreta Anthony J. , McEntire Michael S. , Landolfi Jennifer A. , Robeck Todd R. , Tang Karisa N.
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effects of topical naltrexone on wound healing in freshwater fish.

ANIMALS

25 blackbelt cichlids (Vieja maculicauda).

METHODS

A randomized, controlled, experimental trial was performed, with each individual serving as its own control. Bilateral 6-mm periepaxial cutaneous wounds were created in the body-wall skin of each fish under anesthesia. Three treatment groups were as follows: topical 0.04% naltrexone in administration vehicle (iLEX ointment; iLEX Health Products) at day 0 only (n = 10), topical 0.04% naltrexone in iLEX every 72 to 96 hours (n = 10), or iLEX only every 72 to 96 hours (n = 5) for 10 total treatments. The contralateral wound was left untreated as a control. Fish were maintained in a common enclosure at 24.7 to 25.4 °C for 35 days. Macroscopic wound assessment and image collection were performed every 72 to 96 hours. On day 35, fish were humanely euthanized, and skin samples were collected for histopathology.

RESULTS

Time to complete visual resolution of wound healing was faster (P = .002) in wounds treated every 72 to 96 hours with topical 0.04% naltrexone in iLEX (day 19.4) compared to untreated wounds (day 23.3). An interaction between treatment and day was observed (P = .002), with fish treated with 0.04% naltrexone in iLEX every 72 to 96 hours having reduced (P < .05) wound area compared to both controls and fish treated with topical 0.04% naltrexone in iLEX once. No significant differences were noted in histologic sections of wound sites examined at day 35.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Fish improved earlier postsurgery and time to complete wound resolution was faster in wounds treated with topical 0.04% naltrexone in iLEX every 72 to 96 hours.