bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise dos usos, coberturas e ocupação da terra no município de Canguçu/RS
Authors: Dutra Danilo da Silva , Robaina Luis Eduardo de Souza
Published: March 2022

Os estudos de uso e ocupação da terra são importantes nas análises ambientais pois permite identificar a condição das relações entre a sociedade e a natureza. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho é a análise dos usos, coberturas e ocupação da terra no município de Canguçu/RS/Brasil. Para desenvolver esse trabalho fez-se pesquisas em sites de diferentes instituições e de imagens de satélite de média resolução espacial, além de trabalhos de campo. Como resultados observou-se características típicas da agricultura familiar, apesar da presença de latifúndios associados, principalmente as áreas mais ao Norte. Essas características contribuem com teorias que afirmam que Canguçu é a capital brasileira da agricultura familiar. Dos usos e coberturas, predominam as coberturas nativas como os campos e matas, importantes potencialidades ambientais. As lavouras de maior porte e a silvicultura são importantes na porção Norte do município. Com essa pesquisa espera-se contribuir com o conhecimento do ambiente que caracteriza a área de estudo, e dessa forma, despertar para as ações de gerenciamento ambiental do município de Canguçu.
Análise de dados de Sensoriamento Remoto nas estimativas de variabilidade espacial e temporal de superfícies de inundação na planície fluvial do rio Javaés, TO
Authors: Santos Daniel Araujo Ramos dos , Cherem Luis Felipe Soares
Published: March 2022

A presente pesquisa analisou a variabilidade da inundação na zona deposicional do rio Javaés, em relação com a dinâmica de precipitação e vazão entre 1984 a 2020. A metodologia consistiu na coleta de dados, processamento de imagens, estatística e análise dos resultados. Os resultados revelam que a sazonalidade climática estabelece ciclos de inundação monomodais, com maior recorrência em planos abaciados, atingindo um terço da área de estudo, com a redução de 3,3% durante secas anuais. O teste de tendência Mann-Kendall indica forte regressão na ocorrência da inundação nos últimos 35 anos. Testes sazonais de Mann-kendall também indicam significativas regressões na vazão e precipitação no rio Javaés, com concentração nos meses de seca e no início das chuvas. Dados topográficos revelam que paleoformas no interior da ilha do Bananal controlam a conectividade entre áreas inundadas.
A recommodização da economia urbana em Acra, Gana
Authors: Santos Kaue Lopes dos
Published: March 2022

Nas primeiras décadas do século XXI, o aumento expressivo da produção de resíduos de equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos (REEE) verificou-se em todo o mundo. Nesse contexto, chama atenção o fato de grande parcela desses resíduos – também conhecidos como e-waste – serem ilegalmente exportados dos países do Norte Global para diversas cidades portuárias localizadas nos territórios do Sul Global. Nesses locais, eles são reciclados sob precárias condições técnicas e normativas, as quais geram elevados riscos à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente. Assim, a partir de uma caracterização panorâmica das recentes dinâmicas de produção e importação de REEE nos países do Sul Global, este artigo busca analisar como ocorre a reciclagem do e-waste na Grande Região de Acra – em Gana –, que se tornou uma das principais áreas de destinações desse tipo de resíduo no mundo na atualidade. A análise aqui apresentada desenvolveu-se metodologicamente a partir do conceito de circuito espacial produtivo das recommodities. Através da combinação de dados qualitativos e quantitativos obtidos em fontes primárias (descrição densa e entrevistas semiestruturadas) e secundárias (artigos acadêmicos, relatórios setoriais e legislações nacionais) ficou evidenciado a escala local e regional dos impactos sociais e ambientais negativos da reciclagem de REEE, configurando mais uma manifestação de como os países do Sul Global, seus territórios e suas populações, estão inseridos de forma desigual na Divisão Internacional do Trabalho contemporânea.
Dissecando a fome no Brasil durante a pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Xavier Gabriela Taíse Poiati , Alves Mariana Medeiros , Santos Leonardo Lencioni Mattos , Bertachi Marcos Vinícius , Coca Estevan Leopoldo de Freitas
Published: March 2022

Dentre os diversos tipos de desigualdade que têm sido enfatizados como resultado indireto da pandemia da COVID-19 destaca-se a fome. Fatores como a inflação, a diminuição do poder de compra e a desestabilização de cadeias de abastecimento têm feito com que a fome cresça em todos os continentes. Assim, ao mesmo tempo em que existe um desafio fitossanitário gerado pela COVID-19, a crise social da fome também tem se agravado. Isso torna ainda mais difícil o cumprimento do Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável de acabar com a fome e a miséria. Através da análise de dados secundários buscamos dissecar a construção social e política da fome com ênfase no período pandêmico e na realidade brasileira. O texto traz duas contribuições: i) ele demonstra como a fome gera e é gerada por outros tipos de desigualdades como regional, gênero e raça e; ii) destaca como o desmonte de políticas de bem-estar social tem acelerado a fome no Brasil.
O efeito do Planalto Ocidental Paulista na Variabilidade e nos Anos Extremos das Chuvas no período de 1979-2019
Authors: Santos Bruno César dos , Souza Paulo Henrique de , Sanches Rafael Grecco , Bolleli Talyson de Melo , Tech Adriano Rogério Bruno
Published: March 2022

O estudo ocupou-se com a análise da influência da orografia no comportamento da precipitação na região Centro-Leste do estado de São Paulo nos domínios das “Cuestas” Basálticas situadas na transição entre a Depressão Periférica Paulista e o Planalto Ocidental Paulista. As análises dos dados obtidos junto a plataforma online hidroweb, pertencente a Agencia Nacional de Águas (ANA) e no site do Departamento de Águas e Energia Elétrica (DAEE) empregaram as metodologias RClimdex, Ponderação Regional, Interpolação (Inverso da Distância) e Anos Padrão. Segundo os resultados obtidos demonstraram, as chuvas permaneceram dentro da habitualidade (46%), seguida pelos anos secos (29,3%) e chuvosos (24,6%), concentrando-se espacialmente nas superfícies onde a orografia destaca-se, a saber, as regiões central, sul e norte da área de estudo.
Cultura e Pandemia:
Authors: Corrêa Jhonatan da Silva , Alves Flamarion Dutra , Vieira Felipe da Silva , Costa Tamyris Maria Moreira da
Published: March 2022

Em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19, muitas atividades culturais sofreram intercorrências do distanciamento social e suas espacialidades e temporalidades tiveram que se readequar a esse novo momento. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a cultura e sua manifestação em tempos de pandemia, focando nas estratégias da cultura popular e sua consolidação nos festejos populares religiosos. Para tal, foram analisadas as Festas de São Benedito em Machado-MG e Aparecida-SP e a Festa de Nossa Senhora do Rosário em Silvianópolis-MG. Para cumprir com seu propósito, foram realizadas revisões bibliográficas sobre a temática e trabalhos de campo com o uso da netnografia para a compreensão da nova estrutura presente nas manifestações culturais festivas em diferentes municípios e estados.
Aplicativos para intervenção comportamental de estudantes com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo
Authors: Trevisan Diogo Fernando , Benitez Priscila , Gois João Paulo , Elias Nassim Chamel
Published: March 2022

Considerando o uso de aplicativos como estratégia complementar para garantir intervenção comportamental intensiva para pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), o estudo teórico teve como objetivo identificar quais desses estão disponíveis nas lojas virtuais, recuperando-os e foram avaliados em trabalhos científicos no Google Acadêmico, assim como mapear as suas principais características em relação às tarefas de ensino e demais aspectos que garantam sua usabilidade e escalabilidade. Os aplicativos foram categorizados em ensino por tentativa discreta, de comunicação por pictograma e gerais que forneciam registro de resposta ou consequência ou apresentavam uma história. São propostas reflexões para aprimoramento e produção de novos aplicativos, como a personalização de tarefas e estímulos, para garantir o processo de ensino e aprendizagem de comportamentos específicos para pessoas com TEA, em uma perspectiva interdisciplinar dos conhecimentos produzidos tanto na área das Ciências da Computação Aplicada e da Psicologia Comportamental.
HandArch: A deep learning architecture for LIBRAS hand configuration recognition
Authors: Carvalho Gabriel Peixoto de , Brandão André Luiz , Ferreira Fernando Teubl
Published: March 2022

Despite the recent advancements in deep learning, sign language recognition persists as a challenge in computer vision due to its complexity in shape and movement patterns. Current studies that address sign language recognition treat hand pose recognition as an image classification problem. Based on this approach, we introduce HandArch, a novel architecture for realtime hand pose recognition from video to accelerate the development of sign language recognition applications. Furthermore, we present Libras91, a novel dataset of Brazilian sign language (LIBRAS) hand configurations containing 91 classes and 108,896 samples. Experimental results show that our approach surpasses the accuracy of previous studies while working in real-time on video files. The recognition accuracy of our system is 99% for the novel dataset and over 95% for other hand pose datasets.
Evaluation of normalization technique on classification with deep learning features
Authors: Freitas André D. , Silva Adriano B. , Martins Alessandro S. , Neves Leandro A. , Tosta Thaína A. A. , Faria Paulo R. de , Nascimento Marcelo Z. do
Published: March 2022

Cancer is one of the diseases with the highest mortality rate in the world. Dysplasia is a difficult-to-diagnose precancerous lesion, which may not have a good Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain ratio, making it difficult for the histology specialist to diagnose. In this work, a method for normalizing H&E stains in histological images was investigated. This method uses a generative neural network based on a U-net for image generation and a PatchGAN architecture for information discrimination. Then, the normalized histological images were employed in classification algorithms to investigate the detection of the level of dysplasia present in the histological tissue of the oral cavity. The CNN models as well as hybrid models based on learning features and machine learning algorithms were evaluated. The employment of the ResNet-50 architecture and the Random Forest algorithm provided results with an accuracy rate around 97% for the images normalized with the investigated method.
Sprachliche Aufmerksamkeitslenkung
Authors: Tacke Felix
Published: March 2022

Directing attention, especially the establishment of joint attention, represents one of the most important basic communicative functions. For this purpose, the Romance languages possess a particularly fascinating deictic category of expression: "pointing act constructions". These include, on the one hand, sentence-valued expressions - besides it. ecco and fr. voici/voilà, also kat. vet/veus, heus, sp. he (aquí), pt. eis and rum. iată - and, on the other hand, recent verb-subject constructions (among others, sp. aquí/ahí está, pt. aqui/cá está). In addition to analyzing their syntactic and pragmatic properties in contemporary languages, this book provides for the first time a comprehensive historical-comparative study of their forms, functions, and main literary and non-literary usage traditions. The most famous: "Ecce homo" or "Voilà un homme".
Flexible Project Scheduling Algorithms
Authors: T. Kosztyán Zsolt
Published: March 2022

Despite the emerging importance of flexible project management approaches, such as agile extreme and hybrid methodologies, the algorithmic support of these approaches is still insufficient. In addition, single project scheduling has received far more attention than have schedules of multilevel projects, such as project portfolios or multi projects. This lack of scheduling techniques is especially true for flexible portfolios, such as agile, hybrid, and extreme project portfolios. While multilevel project scheduling algorithms already exist for fixed multilevel project structures, they are not able to handle flexible structures. This chapter proposes algorithms to schedule both flexible single and multilevel projects. The proposed algorithms handle both flexible and unplanned tasks and dependencies. They handle both single and multimode completion modes, and both renewable and nonrenewable resources. In addition, this chapter proposes a matrix-based risk-valuation framework to evaluate risk effects for flexible projects and portfolios. With this framework, project scheduling approaches are compared.
A Review on the Contact Mechanics Modeling of Rough Surfaces in the Elastic Regime: Fundamentals, Theories, and Numerical Implementations
Authors: Maaboudallah Farouk , Najah Mohamed , Atalla Noureddine
Published: March 2022

This chapter reviews advanced models for solving the normal contact problem of two elastic bodies with rough boundaries. Starting from the fundamental formulation of Greenwood and Williamson, an extension is proposed with details on the possible algorithmic implementation to consider the interactions between asperities. A second multi-scale-based approach, considering the self-affine nature of the rough surface, also known as Persson’s theory, is briefly discussed. As a third method, special attention is given to review the standard Boundary Element Method (BEM). Finally, all the mentioned methods are applied to a rough gold surface measured by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and the evolution of the real contact area with loading is analyzed. The aim of this contribution is to present the basic guidelines to tackle the problem of contacting rough surfaces, accounting for the real surface topography.
Perspective Chapter: Advanced Manufacturing for Bone Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: (Ross) Salary Roozbeh
Published: March 2022

This book chapter delineates advanced additive manufacturing processes used in clinical practice for high-resolution fabrication of mechanically-robust and dimensionally-accurate bone tissue scaffolds with a focus on pneumatic micro-extrusion, fused deposition modeling, polymer jet printing, and digital light processing. The main components as well as the underlying physics behind each process are explained. Furthermore, this chapter is integrated with a review of literature; the aim is to show how these additive manufacturing processes are potentially utilized in clinical practice for bone tissue engineering. This chapter serves as an introductory platform toward advanced studies and/or research works in the area of bone regenerative medicine. Finally, this chapter will be helpful to engineering and medical students as well as researchers from academia and industry.
Developing Novel Molecular Targeted Therapeutics for Topical Treatment of Psoriasis
Authors: Liu Suxing , Li Di , Tao Weikang
Published: March 2022

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder. The prevalence of psoriasis is estimated at approximately 100 million people worldwide. In mild-to-moderate, as well as moderate-to-severe, psoriasis, 70–80% of patients start with topical agents and continue to use them with other active therapies. This group of patients can benefit from topical treatment with minimal systemic exposure. The expression levels of IL-23 and IL-17 are upregulated in psoriatic skin compared with non-lesional skin, associated with psoriasis pathogenesis. The skin epidermal proliferation and psoriasis are caused by overactive Th17 cells, which are promoted and stabilized by the activated IL-23 receptor, forming part of the positive feedback loop. FDA approved biologics in IL-23/IL-17 axis (ustekinumab, guselkumab, risankizumab, tildrakizumab, ixekizumab, secukinumab and brodalumab) demonstrated superior clinical efficacy in the systemic treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis, providing the clinical proof of concept of the IL-23/IL-17 axis as a major immune pathway underlying the pathophysiology of psoriasis. However, due to the large size and poor permeability into skin, biologics are not suitable to deliver via topical route. Current topical treatments of mild-to-moderate psoriasis are corticosteroids and vitamin D analogues, which have limited efficacy with significant side effects so that patients must avoid long-term use. This chapter reviews current molecular targeted therapeutics under development for topical treatment of psoriasis.
Establishing Sustainable Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Program in Nigeria: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Andrew Nwafor Ikechukwu , Maduabuchi Chinawa Josephat , Chukwuemeka Eze John , Anayo Onyekwulu Fidelis
Published: March 2022

Unlike in the Western world, the delivery of cardiovascular services to children and adults born with congenital heart defects (CHDs) in Nigeria is grossly inadequate. There are problems all through the ages of these unfortunate patients. Accurate statistical data of CHD in Nigeria is lacking, but it is comparable to 8 per 1000 live births as seen in other countries. The burden is presently being ameliorated by medical tourisms and foreign cardiac surgery missions, but such services are still inadequate. There is a need for the government to share resources between this noncommunicable (CHD) and communicable diseases. When this is done with assistance of international partners and humanitarian organizations, a sustainable pediatric cardiac surgery program will be established that will definitely enhance the care of these patients at childhood, adolescent, and adult stages of their lives.
Kidney Injuries in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Ghosh Samit
Published: March 2022

Sickle cell disease (SCD), characterized by the presence of unstable sickle hemoglobin in the homozygous state (HbSS), results in progressive organ damage and early mortality with the median age of death in the 40s. The kidney is one of the most severely affected organs in SCD. Kidney diseases gradually develop in individuals with SCD. Microalbuminuria is evident in childhood, progressing to apparent proteinuria, deteriorating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in early adulthood. While CKD becomes prevalent in adults. Moreover, among SCD patients, exacerbation of anemia is an independent risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI) which is a predisposing factor for CKD and End Stage Renal Diseases (ESRD), altogether contributing to 16–18% mortality among this patients’ population. The pathogenesis of renal diseases in SCD is not completely understood. While epidemiological studies have shown a strong association between rate of hemolysis, severity of anemia and CKD, intrinsic inflammatory, oxidative and hypercoagulative stress that contribute to the characteristic endothelial dysfunction also promotes development of renal diseases in SCD. This chapter will elaborately discuss current research on the pathogenesis of AKI, AKI-to-CKD transition and future research perspectives for development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Essential Oil as Green Preservative Obtained by Ecofriendly Extraction Techniques
Authors: Fathy Sayed Morsy Nashwa
Published: March 2022

Essential oils are formed by a complex matrix of substances that are biosynthesized in the secondary metabolism of plants. Nowadays, different ecofriendly extraction techniques (e.g., ultrasound-, microwave-, enzyme-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid by CO2, etc.) have been adopted to obtain essential oils. These techniques provide unique quality of essentials oils or extracts from aromatic plants in a short time with high energy savings. Essential oils not only impart aroma, but also possess antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Health limitations in the use of synthetic additives have drawn researchers’ attention towards essential oils as safe natural preservatives. Therefore, this chapter summarizes novel technologies to recover essential oils or extracts. In addition, it focuses on application of essential oils and their constituents as green preservatives to retard microbial growth and oxidative spoilage.
TiO2 Based Nanomaterials and Their Application as Anode for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: El Halya Nabil , Elouardi Karim , Chari Abdelwahed , El Bouari Abdeslam , Alami Jones , Dahbi Mouad
Published: March 2022

Titanium dioxide- (TiO2-) based nanomaterials have been widely adopted as active materials for photocatalysis, sensors, solar cells, and for energy storage and conversion devices, especially rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), due to their excellent structural and cycling stability, high discharge voltage plateau (more than 1.7 V versus Li+/Li), high safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost. However, due to their relatively low theoretical capacity and electrical conductivity, their use in practical applications, i.e. anode materials for LIBs, is limited. Several strategies have been developed to improve the conductivity, the capacity, the cycling stability, and the rate capability of TiO2-based materials such as designing different nanostructures (1D, 2D, and 3D), Coating or combining TiO2 with carbonaceous materials, and selective doping with mono and heteroatoms. This chapter is devoted to the development of a simple and cost-efficient strategies for the preparation of TiO2 nanoparticles as anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). These strategies consist of using the Sol–Gel method, with a sodium alginate biopolymer as a templating agent and studying the influence of calcination temperature and phosphorus doping on the structural, the morphological and the textural properties of TiO2 material. Moreover, the synthetized materials were tested electrochemically as anode material for lithium ion battery. TiO2 electrodes calcined at 300°C and 450°C have delivered a reversible capacity of 266 mAh g−1, 275 mAh g−1 with coulombic efficiencies of 70%, 75% during the first cycle under C/10 current rate, respectively. Besides, the phosphorus doped TiO2 electrodes were presented excellent lithium storage properties compared to the non-doped electrodes which can be attributed to the beneficial role of phosphorus doping to inhibit the growth of TiO2 nanoparticles during the synthesis process and provide a high electronic conductivity.
Utility of Temporal Bone Computed Tomography in Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Authors: Benyo Sarah , Benn Darrin , Saadi Robert , Gangai Linda , Kasmire Kathryn , Isildak Huseyin , Goyal Neerav
Published: March 2022

Objective: Temporal bone computed tomography (CT) requires a relatively high radiation dose to produce high-resolution images required to define surgical anatomy. In the acute setting, the need for this detailed evaluation of temporal bone pathology may not be required for nonsurgical management and clinical decision-making. We performed a retrospective review of the clinical characteristics and subsequent management of children who underwent CT of the temporal bone with the goal of optimizing clinical decision-making and mitigating the risks of radiation exposure in children.

Methods: We included pediatric patients (<18 years of age) with International Classification of Diseases (9th or 10th revision) diagnoses consistent with otitis externa, otitis media, mastoiditis, head trauma, temporal bone fracture, and otalgia who were treated in the emergency department and underwent temporal bone CT from January 1, 2012–December 31, 2016. We collected data regarding the patients’ presenting symptoms, physical exam findings, indications for imaging, radiographic findings, disposition, and operative intervention within 30 days of imaging. Features of the suspected mastoiditis group were compared between operative and non-operative patients.

Results: Over the four-year study period there were 96 temporal bone CTs. Most studies (70%) were associated with a subsequent inpatient admission. Common indications for imaging included evaluation of acute mastoiditis (55%) or trauma (41%). Of the 53 patients with concern for mastoiditis, 27 (51%) required otologic surgery. Two patients in the trauma group required surgical intervention, both for facial nerve decompression. In patients with suspected mastoiditis, mental status changes (P = 0.02), auricular proptosis (P = 0.05), and fluctuance (P = 0.02) were significantly more prevalent in the operative group; however, no other findings were significantly associated with operative intervention.

Conclusion: Temporal bone CT is beneficial in guiding diagnosis and management of acute mastoiditis. We found that a majority of patients with suspected mastoiditis who underwent temporal bone CT ultimately required surgery or hospital admission. However, the potential for reduction in the use of CT still exists in this population. Fractures of the temporal bone typically do not require urgent operative intervention in the absence of complete facial nerve paralysis; thus, the utility of temporal bone CT in trauma evaluation may be limited.
Clinician Absences and Contributing Factors During a COVID-19 Surge: Potential Areas for Intervention and Planning
Authors: Grahf David , Dandashi Jad , Deledda John , Vallee Phyllis , Vohra Taher
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Our goal was to quantify healthcare clinician (HCC) absenteeism in the emergency department (ED) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surge and to identify potential interventions that may mitigate the number of absences.

Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive record review that included 82 resident physicians, physician assistants, and staff physicians who were scheduled to work more than three clinical shifts during March 2020 in an urban, academic ED that received a high number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Exposure was defined as a healthcare clinician who was not wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) having contact with a confirmed COVID-19 positive patient in the ED. The main outcome was the number of HCC absences secondary to exposure to or symptoms concerning for COVID-19.

Results: During March 2020, of 82 ED HCCs, 28 (34%) required an absence from clinical duties, totaling 152 absentee calendar days (N = 13 women [46%]; N = 15 men [54%]). Median HCC age was 32 years (interquartile range 28-39), and median number of days absent was four (interquartile range 3-7). While 16 (57%) of the total absences were secondary to a known exposure, 12 (43%) were symptomatic without a known exposure. A total of 25 (89%) absent HCCs received COVID-19 testing (N = 5 positive [20%]; N = 20 negative [80%]) with test results returning in 1-10 days. Eleven (39%) symptomatic HCCs had traveled domestically or internationally in the prior 30 days.

Conclusion: Emergency departments should anticipate substantial HCC absences during the initial surge of a pandemic. Possible interventions to mitigate absences include early and broad use of PPE, planning for many asymptomatic HCC absences secondary to exposures, prioritizing HCC virus testing, and mandating early travel restrictions.
Educating and Empowering Inner-City High School Students in Bleeding Control
Authors: Okereke Millicent , Zerzan Jessica , Fruchter Elizabeth , Pallos Valerie , Seegers Maya , Quereshi Mehr , Model Lynn , Jenkins Monique , Ramsey Gia , Rizkalla Christine
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Unintentional bleeding is the leading cause of death in people 1-44 years of age in the United States. The Stop the Bleed (STB) campaign is a nationwide course that teaches the public to ensure their own safety, call 911, find the bleeding injury, and achieve temporary hemorrhage control by several techniques. Although the national campaign for the training course was inspired by active shooter events, the training can be applied to motor vehicle accidents and small-scale penetrating and gunshot wounds. Extending the audience to inner-city high school students in a violence-prone neighborhood has the potential to save lives if they are first on the scene.

Objectives: We hypothesized that students would have a greater degree of comfort, willingness, and preparedness to intervene in acute bleeding after taking the course.

Methods: This was a prospective, interventional pilot study in one inner-city high school in Brooklyn, New York. Students were given the option to participate in the STB course with pre- and postsurveys. We recruited 286 students from physical education or health education class to take a 50-minute bleeding control training course. Mean age was 15.7 years old. Students were divided into groups of 20-25 and taught by 2-3 emergency medicine, pediatric, or trauma surgery STB instructors. Each course included 2-3 skills stations for placing a tourniquet, wound packing, and pressure control.

Results: Prior to the course, only 43.8% of the students reported being somewhat likely or very likely to help an injured person who was bleeding. After the course, this increased to 80.8% of students even if no bleeding control kit was available. Additionally, there were significant improvements in self-rated comfort level from pre- to post-course 45.4% to 76.5%, and in self-rated preparedness from 25.1% to 83.8%. All three measures showed statistically significant improvement, P <.0001.

Conclusion: Teaching the STB course to high school students from a community with high levels of violence resulted in increased comfort level, willingness, and preparedness to act to control bleeding. If these opinions translate into action, students’ willingness to act could decrease pre-hospital blood loss and empower youth to perform life-saving interventions.
Novel Use of Video Logs to Deliver Educational Interventions to Black Women for Disease Prevention
Authors: Hill Mandy , Coker Sandra
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Cisgender Black women comprise 67% of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses among women in the South and are 11 times more likely to become HIV positive than White women in Texas. Optimal progress toward ending the HIV epidemic requires strategies that will interrupt transmission pathways in hotspot locations like Harris County, TX. Researchers are calling for public health interventions that can prevent HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) transmission; thus, we launched the first video log (vlog)-based, pilot HIV prevention intervention.

Methods: In a prospective. randomized controlled trial of two educational intervention strategies delivered as vlogs eligible participants were randomized to either 1) an interactive gaming, education-based strategy, or 2) a storytelling, education-based strategy. Eligible participants were cisgender Black women being seen in the emergency department (ED) for a non-emergent condition who reported recent condomless heterosexual sex, were ages 18-45, and had social media access. Enrolled women completed a screening assessment, informed consent, randomization, and 10-item pre-and-post assessments with true/false statements before and after viewing a brief vlog on a tablet device to identify changes in knowledge before and after being educated on HIV/STI transmission.

Results: Twenty-six women were randomized to the Taboo group, an interactive gaming, education-based strategy, (14 [53.8%]), or to storytelling, an education-based strategy using non-fictional and fictional case scenarios (12 [46.2%]). Taboo participants self-identified as African-American (12 [85.7%]), Black (1 [7.1%]) or “other” (1 [7.1%]), were younger (28.6% were ≥ 30 years), single (57.1%), reported a previous STI (8 [57.1%]), and were likely employed (57.2%). Storytelling participants self-identified as African-American (7 [58.3%]) or Black (5 [41.7%]), were older (49.9% were ≥ 30 years), in a relationship but not married (50%), and half were unemployed. Highest level of education and monthly income varied. The storytelling strategy increased knowledge in two areas and the Taboo strategy increased knowledge in one. No intervention effect was identified in three areas, and a significant decrease in knowledge (P < .0001) was discerned in eight areas for Taboo and six areas for storytelling.

Conclusion: Further research is necessary to confirm whether delivery of HIV prevention interventions with vlogs is a useful approach for HIV-vulnerable populations. Findings suggest that vlogs are a feasible approach to brief behavioral interventions during an ED visit.
Association of Suicide Attempt with Stimulant Abuse in California Emergency Departments in 2011: A Study of 10 Million ED Visits
Authors: Lotfipour Shahram , Shah Nikhil , Patel Hina , Saadat Soheil , Bruckner Tim , Singh Parvati , Chakravarthy Bharath
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Our goal in this study was to identify stimulant abuser patients who are at specifically high risk of suicide attempt (SAT), in order to prioritize them in preventive and risk mitigation programs.

Methods: We used the California State Emergency Department Database (SEDD) to obtain discharge information for 2011. The SEDD contains discharge information on all outpatient ED encounters, including uninsured patients and those covered by Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance. We identified SAT and stimulant abuse by using the relevant International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes.

Results: The study included 10,124,598 outpatient ED visits. Stimulant abuse was observed in 0.97% of ED visits. Stimulant abuse was more common among young and middle-aged males and people with low median household income. Moreover, it was more common among Native American (1.8%) and Black (1.8%), followed by non-Hispanic White (1.1%) patients. The prevalence of SAT was 2.0% (N = 2000) for ED visits by patients with a history of stimulant abuse, and 0.3% (N = 28,606) for ED visits without a history of stimulant abuse (odds ratio 7.29, 95% confidence interval, 6.97-7.64). The SATs were directly associated with stimulant abuse, younger age (age groups >10), and non-Hispanic White and Native American race. Association of SAT with stimulant abuse was stronger in female patients.

Conclusion: Stimulant abuse was the only modifiable risk factor for suicide attempt in our study. Reaching out to populations with higher prevalence of stimulant abuse (young and middle-aged individuals who are Native American or Black, with lower household income) to control the stimulant abuse problem, may reduce the risk of SAT. In this regard, people who are at higher risk of SAT due to non-modifiable risk factors (younger age, and Native American or White race) should be prioritized. Moreover, controlling stimulant abuse among women may be specifically effective in SAT prevention.
Páskovka Cepaea vindobonensis (Pulmonata: Helicidae) v západních Čechách [The snail Cepaea vindobonensis (Pulmonata: Helicidae) in West Bohemia]
Authors: Dvořák Libor , Hlaváč Jaroslav Č.
Published: March 2022

Snail Cepaea vindobonensis (C. Pfeiffer, 1828) was recorded at two isolated localities in Marienbad and close to the village of Štítary in the foothills of the Český les Mts. (West Bohemia). While only a single specimen was recorded along a blind railway line near the railway station in Marienbad, the locality by Štítary hosts a rich viable population in rocky steppe vegetation with shrubs at a xeric south-facing steep slope. Further searches in Marienbad were not positive in 2012 and 2013. However, future research is needed to understand if the species occurrence was only accidental or if a stable population lives there. The site Marienbad represents the westernmost record throughout the entire species distribution area and also the location at the highest altitude in the Czech Republic.
On the ‘Christian Turn’ in Foucault’s Thought
Authors: Rosemann Philipp W. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2022

The recently published volume Foucault, les Pères, le sexe brings together sixteen papers delivered at a conference held in 2018 to mark the launch of Les aveux de la chair, the posthumous fourth volume of the History of Sexuality. This review essay focuses on the contribution of the Foucault Archives to research on the philosopher’s thought; on critical reactions by patrologists to Foucault’s venture into study of the Church Fathers; and, finally, on the significance of the ‘Christian turn’ in the late Foucault’s lectures and writings.
Estrategias para la aplicación de Peirce a la literatura
Authors: Santaella Braga Lucia
Published: March 2022

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Ch. S. Peirce y la teoría literaria
Authors: Domínguez Caparrós José
Published: March 2022

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Peirce y la literatura: el estado de la cuestión
Authors: Santaella Braga Lucia
Published: March 2022

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estrategias de la memoria: Julio Cortázar recordado por Mario Vargas Llosa (Análisis semiológico)
Authors: González de Ávila Manuel
Published: March 2022

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problema del cambio, desde la diacronía al sistemismo
Authors: Martínez Alfredo
Published: March 2022

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Del excentrismo formalista al principio del montaje
Authors: Sánchez Biosca Vicente
Published: March 2022

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Semiótica de la cultura española II: el léxico
Authors: Abad Nebot Francisco
Published: March 2022

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Challenging Students to Experience Mathematics as Mathematicians
Authors: O’Dell Jenna R. , Langrall Cynthia W. , Cullen Amanda L.
Published: March 2022

An unsolved problem gets elementary and middle school students thinking and doing mathematics like mathematicians.
Problems to Ponder
Authors: Johns Justin Gregory , Harrow Chris , Alexander Kaitlyn
Published: March 2022

Problems to Ponder provides 28 varying, classroom-ready mathematics problems that collectively span PK–12, arranged in the order of the grade level. Answers to the problems are available online. Individuals are encouraged to submit a problem or a collection of problems directly to mtlt@nctm.org. If published, the authors of problems will be acknowledged.
GPS: Counting Concepts across the Grades
Authors: Ariemma Marin Katherine , Gerstenschlager Natasha E.
Published: March 2022

Growing Problem Solvers provides four original, related, classroom-ready mathematical tasks, one for each grade band. Together, these tasks illustrate the trajectory of learners’ growth as problem solvers across their years of school mathematics.
Generalized Klein-Gordon oscillator in Lorentz symmetry violation framework
Authors: Wang En-Quan , Chen Hao , Yang Yi , Long Zheng-Wen , Hassanabadi Hassan ,   College of Physics, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China,   Faculty of Physics, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
Published: March 2022

In this paper, the generalized Klein-Gordon oscillator is studied in the framework of Lorentz symmetry violation, and the Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used to analyze the Klein-Gordon oscillator with and without magnetic field. On this basis, we analyze some special cases of Klein-Gordon oscillators with Cornell potential functions in detail. The results show that the wave function and the energy eigenvalues of the generalized Klein-Gordon oscillator obviously depend on the Lorentz symmetry violation effect, and the Cornell potential function also has a non-negligible effect on the Klein-Gordon oscillator.
Lattice Boltzmann Simulation on Two Dimensional Vapour Bubble Ripening
Authors: 陈效鹏  , 冯君鹏  , 胡海豹  , 杜鹏  , 王体康
Published: March 2022

Ostwald ripening refers to a process of a particle/droplet/bubble system under thermal equilibrium state adjusting the size distribution spontaneously to reduce the total surface energy. With knowing lack in numerical studies, a lattice Boltzmann approach is used to simulate the ripening process of two dimensional vapour bubble cluster dominated by phase transition kinetics. By comparing the numerical results with the theoretical prediction derived in two dimensional space, it is shown that the lattice Boltzmann method is accurate in the simulations. The results also indicate that the mass transfer in liquid phase is driven by hydrodynamic pressure distribution and the hydrodynamic collapse of bubbles influences the size distribution function in small size region. The impact of the parameters of the equation of state of the material is studied further. A positive relation between phase transition speed and specific internal energy is proposed, which enhances the thermal fundamental of phase transition.
A coefficient searching based vibration correction method
Authors: Yao Jia-Min , Zhuang Wei , Feng Jin-Yang , Wang Qi-Yu , Zhao Yang , Wang Shao-Kai , Wu Shu-Qing , Li Tian-Chu ,   National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
Published: March 2022

Absolute gravimeter has played an important role in geophysics, metrology, geological exploration, etc. It is an instrument applying laser interferometry or atom interferometry to the measurement of gravitational acceleration g (approximately 9.8 m/s2). To achieve a high accuracy, a vibration correction method is often employed to reduce the influence of the vibration of the reference object (a retro-reflector or a mirror) on the measurement result of absolute gravimeter. Specifically, in an atomic-interferometry absolute gravimeter, the phase noise caused by the vibration of the reference mirror, namely the vibration phase, can be calculated from the output signal of a sensor, either a seismometer or an accelerometer, placed below or next to the mirror. Considering this vibration phase, the fringe signal of the atomic interferometer as a function of the phase shift set by the control system of the gravimeter can be corrected to approach to an ideal sinusoidal curve, thus reducing the fitting residual. Currently, the parameters in the algorithm of most vibration correction methods used in atomic-interferometry absolute gravimeters are set to be constant. As a result, the performances of these methods may be limited when the practical transfer function between the real vibration of the reference mirror and the signal of the sensor has a variation due to the change of measurement environments. In this paper, based on a simplified model of the practical transfer function previously proposed in an algorithm used in laser-interferometry absolute gravimeter, a new vibration correction method for atomic-interferometry absolute gravimeter is presented. Firstly, a detailed description of its principle is introduced. With a searching algorithm, the time delay and the proportional element in the simplified model can be obtained from the fringe signal of the atomic interferometer and the output of the vibration sensor. In this way, the parameters used to calculate the vibration phase can be adjusted to approach to their true values in different environments, causing the fitting residual of the corrected fringe to decrease as much as possible. Then the measurement results of the homemade NIM-AGRb-1 atomic-interferometry absolute gravimeters using this method is analyzed. It is indicated that with the vibration correction algorithm, the standard deviation of the fitting residual of the measured fringe signal can be reduced by 58% at the best level in a quiet environment. In the future, the performance of this vibration correction algorithm will be further improved in other atomic-interferometry absolute gravimeters during their measurements in hostile environments.
Additional Akin Proximal Phalanx Procedure Has a Limited Effect on the Outcome of Scarf Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus Surgery
Authors: Milczarek Marcin , Nowak Krzysztof , Tomasik Bartlomiej , Milczarek Julia , Laganowski Przemyslaw , Domzalski Marcin
Published: March 2022

Background

One of the most common supplementary techniques for hallux valgus (HV) surgery is proximal phalanx correction proposed by Akin. This study aims to determine the influence of the Akin procedure on the outcome of scarf osteotomy for HV correction.

Methods

This prospective randomized study on 145 patients diagnosed with moderate to severe HV who underwent a scarf corrective osteotomy was carried out between 2011 and 2016. Patients were divided into two groups based on the additional Akin correction of the proximal phalanx. Postoperative follow-up was 2 years. The patients underwent an examination performed by two orthopedic surgeons twice—at the primary visit (qualification for the surgery and the study) and at the final follow-up. In between, the patients remained under the care of one of the physicians. Data collected included biometric records, radiographs (eg, hallux valgus angle [HVA]), intermetatarsal angle, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal Index, and visual analog scale score for pain and satisfaction.

Results

There was a significant difference in comparison of the HVA between the groups at the final follow-up. Other collected parameters were similar (American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal Index, level of pain, and satisfaction). The complication rate was also similar between the groups. We observed comparable rates of reconsent to the treatment and foot appearance satisfaction in both groups.

Conclusions

Regardless of additional Akin correction, the outcome was comparable. Despite a significant difference in HVA score, pain and satisfaction level were similar. Based on our results, the Akin procedure may not provide substantial benefit as an adjunct to the scarf procedure.
Machine-learning-based automated quantification machine for virus plaque assay counting
Authors: Phanomchoeng Gridsada , Kukiattikoon Chayatorn , Plengkham Suphanut , Boonyasuppayakorn Siwaporn , Salakij Saran , Poomrittigul Suvit , Wuttisittikulkij Lunchakorn
Published: March 2022

The plaque assay is a standard quantification system in virology for verifying infectious particles. One of the complex steps of plaque assay is the counting of the number of viral plaques in multiwell plates to study and evaluate viruses. Manual counting plaques are time-consuming and subjective. There is a need to reduce the workload in plaque counting and for a machine to read virus plaque assay; thus, herein, we developed a machine-learning (ML)-based automated quantification machine for viral plaque counting. The machine consists of two major systems: hardware for image acquisition and ML-based software for image viral plaque counting. The hardware is relatively simple to set up, affordable, portable, and automatically acquires a single image or multiple images from a multiwell plate for users. For a 96-well plate, the machine could capture and display all images in less than 1 min. The software is implemented by K-mean clustering using ML and unsupervised learning algorithms to help users and reduce the number of setup parameters for counting and is evaluated using 96-well plates of dengue virus. Bland–Altman analysis indicates that more than 95% of the measurement error is in the upper and lower boundaries [±2 standard deviation]. Also, gage repeatability and reproducibility analysis showed that the machine is capable of applications. Moreover, the average correct measurements by the machine are 85.8%. The ML-based automated quantification machine effectively quantifies the number of viral plaques.