bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Klasa średnia: mit czy byt?
Authors: Tittenbrun Jacek
Published: November 2022

Celem tekstu jest analiza tzw. klasy średniej. Artykuł składa się z czterech części. Rozpoczyna się on od podkreślenia, że „klasa średnia” to kategoria – by posłużyć się określeniem Leona Petrażyckiego – „skacząca” (pozbawiona ściśle określonego desygnatu), najczęściej luźno powiązana z dochodem gospodarstwa domowego. W kolejnej części porównuje się teorie klasowe z teoriami uwarstwienia, zwracając uwagę na częste ich mylenie. Następnie omawia się specyfikę uwarstwienia (hierarchii społecznej) i klasowości (struktury społecznej). Ostatni rozdział skupia się na – często błędnych – reprezentacjach koncepcji klasowej Williama Lloyda Warnera, dokonywanych przez czołowych polskich socjologów.
Metal-support interactions regulate substrate binding in Fe/Co/Se cluster catalysts
Authors: Mitchell Benjamin , Chirila Andrei , Zhou Daniel , Kephart Jonathan , Velian Alexandra
Published: November 2022

Here, we investigate the stereo-electronic requirements of a family of Fe/Co6Se8 molecular clusters to achieve a Goldilocks regime of substrate affinity for the catalytic coupling of tosyl azide and tert-butyl isocyanide. The reactivity of a catalytically competent iron-nitrenoid intermediate, observed in situ, is explored towards nitrene transfer and hydrogen atom abstraction. The dual role of isocyanide, which on one hand prevents catalyst degradation, but, in large amounts, slows down reactivity is exposed. The impact of distal changes (number of neighboring active sites and identity of supporting ligands) on substrate affinity, electronic properties, and catalytic activity is investigated. Overall, the study reveals that the dynamic, push-pull interactions between the substrate (tBuNC), active site (Fe), and support (Co6Se8) create a regime where increased substrate activation occurs concomitantly with expedited dissociation.
Pre-equilibrium Reaction Mechanism as a Strategy to Enhance Rate and Lower Overpotential in Electrocatalysis
Authors: Pattanayak Santanu , Berben Louise
Published: November 2022

Pre-equilibrium reaction kinetics enable the overall rate of a catalytic reaction to be orders of magnitude faster than the rate-determining step. Herein, we demonstrate how pre-equilibrium kinetics can be applied to breaking the linear free energy rela-tionship (LFER) for electrocatalysis, leading to rate enhancement five orders of magnitude and lowering of overpotential by 100 mV to almost thermoneutral at 10 mV. This approach is applied to pre-equilibrium formation of a metal-hydride interme-diate to achieve fast formate formation rates from CO2 reduction without loss of selectivity (ie. H2 evolution). Fast pre-equilibrium metal-hydride formation, at 108 M-1s-1, boosts the CO2 electroreduction to formate rate up to 5.26 × 102 s-1 at an overpotential of just ~10 mV. Compared with molecular catalysts that have similar overpotential, this rate is enhanced by five orders of magnitude. As an alternative comparison, overpotential is lowered by 100 mV compared to catalysts with similar rate. The principles elucidated here to obtain pre-equilibrium reaction kinetics via catalyst design are general. Design and devel-opment that builds on these principles should be possible in both molecular homogeneous and heterogeneous electrocatalysis.
What for the future, from learning the past?
Authors: Neill Carol , Bell Rachael , Belgrave Michael , Meihana Peter , Watson Geoff
Published: November 2022

Important curriculum development work has progressed since the 2019 announcement that Aotearoa New Zealand histories would become compulsory learning across all schools. Much effort has gone into considering how learning ‘our’ histories can engage, inspire and empower children in schools through years 1 to 10, and recent writing has focused on how to address challenges in building knowledge and capability to meet those aims. However, what will be the effects beyond those years? Will students still be drawn to choose history in their senior school years, or will they be ‘over it’? In a quest to gauge the implications of the new curriculum, our research team surveyed secondary school history students on their motivations and areas of interest in learning history, and their views on Aotearoa New Zealand history becoming compulsory for Years 1-10.

Findings from our research confirmed that students’ past engagement with history influenced their ongoing interest, motivation and understanding of the subject. However, the positive learning that had drawn them to history was often about everyone else’s history rather than their own. Students identified international histories – often involving war or conflict – as favourite topics. So, while most supported the implementation of the new curriculum, they equally expressed concern that the local focus should not be at the expense of wider perspectives. They felt history could become repetitive and boring; elements which could put students off engaging with history in future.  We conclude by presenting important considerations for ensuring such negative impacts do not occur.
Whose voice is heard?
Authors: Sanga Kabini , Reynolds Martyn
Published: November 2022

Aotearoa New Zealand has had a long association with other states in the Pacific, notably with Pacific Island countries generally grouped as Polynesia and Melanesia. Donor-aid and the introduced ideas of consultants have been currencies in many of these well-appreciated relationships. However, more collaborative arrangements have also born significant fruit. These include the collaborative publications of the now dis-established He Pārekereke Institute for Research and Development in Māori and Pacific Education. This article offers a sketch of the potential of He Pārekereke as an example of a small-scale unit associated with a university to influence policy development. What emerges is the significance of such ventures to affect New Zealand Pacific policy in the field of education through privileging the strengths, priorities, understandings and ideas of Pacific Island peoples to balance those introduced to the region.
"Something in the Body": Material Memoir and Posthuman Horror in Samanta Schweblin's Fever Dream
Authors: Ferebee K.M.
Published: November 2022

Samanta Schweblin’s 2014 novel Distancia de rescate, published in English as Fever Dream, tells the unsettling tale of a mother who, while vacationing in a rural area of Argentina, may or may not be exposed to a toxic agricultural chemical that may or may not have poisoned the area’s children, who have been subjected to an unconventional healing treatment that may or may not have displaced their souls from their bodies, causing pieces of them to reside in someone else. The novel has been read as “a toxic ecohorror tale” (Meyer) or as an “ecological horror story... about toxic agribusiness” (Economist), yet here I argue for another interpretation of Fever Dream: one that utilizes the tropes of what Stacy Alaimo characterizes as the “material memoir,” peeling back their familiarity to expose a toxic uncanny and literalizing the leaky, confused human subject that is found dwelling in it. The novel’s ambivalent, dread-laced depiction of a posthumanist reality in which the whole, complete, and “real” human subject is unrecoverable— and in which we contaminate and are contaminated by the familiar body of the human other as well as the foreign body of the nonhuman threat— offers, I suggest, the possibility of a new approach to ethics of responsibility in the Anthropocene.
PENGARUH PERAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN BUDAYA SEKOLAH TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA GURU SMP NEGERI DI WILAYAH KENDAL KABUPATEN KENDAL
Authors: Sukajiyah Sukajiyah , Noor Noor , Soedjono Soedjono
Published: November 2022

Abstrak Kepuasan kerja guru merupakan variabel penting dalam pencapaian kualitas pendidikan. Kepala sekolah memiliki peran yang sangat strategis dalam mengkoordinasi, menggerakkan, dan memberdayakan sumber daya pendidikan di sekolah. Kepuasan kerja guru terbentuk melalui budaya sekolah yang merupakan nilai, prinsip, kebiasaan dan tradisi pembentuk karakter dan citra sekolah.Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) mengetahui pengaruh peran kepala sekolah terhadap kepuasan kerja guru. (2) mengetahui pengaruh budaya sekolah terhadap kepuasan kerja guru. (3) mengetahui pengaruh peran kepala sekolah dan budaya sekolah secara bersama-sama terhadap kepuasan kerja guru SMP Negeri di Wilayah Kendal Kabupaten Kendal.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan populasi sebanyak 147 guru yang tersebar di 4 sekolah dengan sampel 92 guru yang dipilih secara proporsional random sampling. Uji validitas, reliabilitas, normalitas, linearitas data dan uji hipotesis menggunakan program SPSS for Windows Release 21.0.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) peran kepala sekolah berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja guru sebesar 38,7 % sisanya sebesar  61,3% dipengaruhi variabel  lain  diluar  peran  kepala  sekolah. (2) Budaya sekolah berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja guru     sebesar 43,3 % sisanya sebesar  56,7% dipengaruhi variabel lain diluar budaya sekolah. (3) Peran kepala sekolah dan budaya sekolah secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan kerja guru SMP Negeri di Wilayah Kendal Kabupaten Kendal sebesar 53,5% dengan persamaan regresi Ȳ = 31,888 + 0,238X1 + 0,332X2.Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, maka direkomendasikan. (1) Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan hendaknya melakukan pelatihan intensif bagi kepala sekolah untuk melaksanakan supervisi akademik dan pembinaan guru. (2) Kepala sekolah mengoptimalkan peran pengawasan dengan  melaksanakan tindak lanjut hasil supervisi sebagai bentuk layanan bantuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam pembelajaran. (3) Guru meningkatkan kemampuan berinovasi dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran dan bekerja secara efektif dan efisien untuk meningkatkan performa guru sehingga tercapai kepuasan kerja. Kata kunci: peran kepala sekolah, budaya sekolah, kepuasan kerja
Challenges of Software Engineering in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Scientific Software Projects
Authors: Aldwairi Tamer
Published: November 2022

Computational biology scientific software projects are continuously growing and the volume and the task of analyzing, designing, implementing, testing, and maintaining these projects to ensure high-quality software products are only getting harder and more complicated. Conventional software development methodologies are not sufficient in ensuring that scientific software is error-free or up to the standard or comparable to the software designed in the industry. For this reason, it is important to investigate projects that utilized the best software engineering practices during their development and find and understand the problems that arise during the development of those projects. Such understanding will serve as the first step in the process of developing high-quality software products and will enable us to design and propose solutions to the problems that commonly occur during the development of such projects. In this paper, we will discuss different studies that applied software engineering practices and approaches in their computational biology projects. The challenges they encountered and the benefits they gained from employing software engineering quality assurance and testing techniques. In addition, we will demonstrate some of our own experiences when designing, developing, and testing computational biology projects within academic settings. We will also present, based on our experience, some solutions, methodologies, and practices that when adopted will benefit the scientific computational biology software community throughout the process of designing and testing the software.
Determining Optimal Control Frequency for Large Numbers of Virtual Agents within an Augmented Reality Application
Authors: Towle Bradford
Published: November 2022

Augmented reality (AR) devices are becoming more prevalent and powerful enough to allow more virtual agents to be run simultaneously. This paper explores the ideal frequency to update the control logic for each virtual agent using the framerate as a measurement. This paper details the averaged result of a stair-step confidence test that was run five times for each frequency. This experiment was run on the Microsoft HoloLens 2.
Accelerating pipeline implementation of dynamic programming on GPU
Authors: Matsumae Susumu
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we show the effectiveness of pipeline implementations of Dynamic Pro- gramming (DP) on Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). We deal with a simplified DP problem where each element of its solution table is calculated in order by semi-group operations among several of already computed elements in the table. We implement the DP program on GPU in a pipeline fashion, i.e., we use GPU cores for supporting pipeline-stages so that several elements of the solution tables are partially computed at one time. Further, to accelerate the pipeline implementation, we propose a p-fold pipeline technique, which enables larger parallelism more than the number of pipeline-stages.
Towards The Conceptual Digital Skills Framework in South African Public and Private Sector
Authors: Tabane Elias
Published: November 2022

The aim of this paper to propose conceptual framework for digital skills in south African private and public sector. The Digital skills remains a critical requirement in this era of 4IR, in south Africa the unemployment rate the remain high and the majoring of our youth have university degrees but still lacks the experience and the digital skills which is been sought by their different industries. The methodological approach which has been selected for this study is based on qualitative research methods using grounded theory. Qualitative research is suitable when seeking to understand experiences and understanding their context in words. This study was conducted using primary and secondary data sets. Secondary data sets were sourced from reputable academic sources and recognized international organizations. This research aims to contribute to the body of knowledge by making available literature that can be referenced for implementation initiatives, furthermore the proposed Conceptual Digital skills framework can be adopted by the South African government and private sector to accelerating digital skills development efforts in closing the digital divide and skills shortage in this 4IR era. It is evident from the results presented in this study that the conceptualization of digital skills needed for the digital revolution is key to accelerating digital skills development efforts. Indeed, research shows that efforts to successfully deliver these skills should begin at the national level through promoting good practices, developing a National Digital Skills Development Strategy, and building this capacity at school level to equip the young generation with the foundational skills
Development of a Prototype for a Process Support and Analysis Platform for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
Authors: Kallisch Jonas , Wunck Christoph
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a prototype for an information exchange system, which allows information exchange between companies without actually sharing data. First, the need for such an intercompany exchange platform is explained and the value for supply chains resulting from such a platform is described. A literature review presents the existing concepts and techniques contributing to the development of an architecture. Finally. The information exchange concept and the prototype implementation are explained in detail.*
A Catalogue of Robotic Device Actions for Creating Swarm Intelligence Ontologies
Authors: Chibaya Colin
Published: November 2022

Efforts to synchronize mobile robotic devices into desired formation are a niche research area. Most tips for programming plausible swarm intelligence are discretely taken from mathematics, physics, biology, chemistry, or nature. However, integration of the different cues into useful swarm intelligence systems is challenging. The notion of swarm intelligence ontologies is compelling. It captures theories, rules, policies, and meta-information about the creation of practical swarm systems. Swarm intelligence ontologies can establish the relationships between different swarm modelling paradigms to bring about generality. Such generality requires us to review various forms of swarm intelligence systems seeking to understand simulated robotic device actions that give rise to emergent behaviour. Two arms of such robotic device actions are noted. One set of robotic device actions are non-interactive. These actions are mainly taken from mathematics, physics laws, or other elitist methods. On the other hand, there are robotic devices actions regarded as interactive. Commonly, interactive robotic devices are bio- inspired. This article sequentially discusses these two categories of robotic device actions towards building a catalogue of actions to inspire the creation of swarm intelligence ontologies. Notably, most non-interactive robotic devices have abilities to recall the paths they previously followed. In other cases, robotic devices can use some form of language to share directional cues. However, the bulky of the literature points to robotic devices that can follow chemical tips towards the targets. A very small chunk of non-interactive robotic devices can rely on geometry, calculus, forces, beacons, or landmarks to orientate. Some interactive robotic devices can explicitly message pass. Some use environment mediated interactions. The type of data shared between such robotic devices is usually overtly connoted, including stacks, vectors, chemicals, forces, landmarks, or beacons. That way, the key robotic devices actions at individual level are apparently associated with reading stacks, interpreting language verbs, detecting chemicals, self-localizing, motion planning, or finding directions. This specificity in the characteristics of robotic device actions is the basis for the design of the swarm intelligence ontologies we envision.
Building a Distributed System for Live Virtual Machine Introspection
Authors: Valle Steven , Prabakar Nagarajan , Upadhyay Himanshu
Published: November 2022

The introspection of virtual machines is an important aspect of protecting against the threat of malware that can hide from traditional automated malware-detection systems. A distributed system for live virtual machine introspection is presented utilizing the Xen Project hypervisor and LibVMI for introspection. The system incorporates the importing of VMs through the OVF specification, VM management through libvirt, and the streaming of various kernel data structures and system calls into data stores with no delay between introspection and storage.
Skilling and reskilling students for relevance in a 4IR economy
Authors: Olaitan Olutoyin , Mavuso Nosipho
Published: November 2022

The disruptive nature of technologies such as artificial intelligence, additive manufacturing nanomaterials and robotics has decidedly made the workplace of the future more complex, with traditional skillsets falling short in addressing the demands of the 4IR era. The authors discuss the need for current tertiary students to be skilled for futuristic, technology driven jobs in a 4IR economy. This paper examines the current school curriculum, vis-a –vis the literature on what the 4IR economy requires of its workforce. We submit that the current curriculum for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) courses at most South African universities do not align with skills requirements for a 4IR economy. A methodical, structured literature review was conducted for the purpose of this research. The PRISMA framework was employed to select the relevant literature for the study. After screening and elimination of articles, 26 sources remained and were included in the study. The study proposes four critical success factors that government can adopt in order to formulate strategic and sustainable plans to ensure that students are appropriately skilled and positioned to operate in a competitive 4IR economy once they graduate. The literature reveals a disjuncture between the current STEM curriculum and the required skillset required in a 4IR economy. The challenge leads to a state of unpreparedness of students in handling the fast approaching revolution in skills demand. The authors also found that soft skills, ideation, creativity and problem solving, which are not taught at school are critical for the workforce of the future. Probable solution to the skills gap challenges is the implementation of content knowledge, incorporated with experiential techniques. This will lead to the shift from the institutions of higher education to the individuals through investing in skilling and reskilling students in practical ways. Future research should focus on how government, Industry and academia can effectively collaborate in ensuring that students are trained to apply content knowledge in creative ways which can solve many of the continent’s problems. The findings reveal that government must work closely with academia and industry towards the goal of graduating skilled, employable graduates in the 4IR economy. Future research will investigate the extent to which students are being skilled by faculty to face future challenges.
Yarıiletken Silindirik Kuantum Noktanın Optik Özellikleri
Authors: BABANLI Arif , SABYROV Vepa
Published: November 2022

Bu çalışmada yarıiletken silindirik kuantum noktanın optik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Etkin kütle ve parabolik bant yaklaşımı dikkate alınarak yarıiletken silindirik kuantum noktanın enerji spektrumu ve dalga fonksiyonu köşegenleştirme yöntemiyle hesaplanmıştır. Elde ettiğimiz öz değer ve öz fonksiyon ifadelerini kullanarak alt enerji seviyeler arası optik geçişler için soğurma katsayısını hesaplamak için kullanılmıştır. Yarıiletken silindirik kuantum noktanın soğurma katsayısı gelen foton enerjisinin fonksiyonu olarak silindirin yarıçapı ve yüksekliği gibi parametrelerinin farklı değerlerine göre davranışı sayısal olarak araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca soğurma katsayı manyetik alanın farklı değerlerine göre değişimi araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre yarıiletken kuantum noktanın soğurma katsayısı manyetik alanın değişiminden bağımsız ve silindirin yarıçap ve yükseklik parametrelerinin değişimine bağlı olduğu görülmüştür.
Synthesis, Characterization and Investigation of Electrical Conductivity of Poly(2-Oxo-2-Phenyl Ethyl -2-Amino Benzoate)/Bentonite Nanocomposite
Authors: YEŞİL Tolga Acar , DİLEK Ömer , TİLKİ Tahir , YAVUZ Mustafa
Published: November 2022

This study was carried out in two stages. In the first stage; 2-oxo-2-phenylethyl-2-aminobenzoate (OPA) compound, which was an aniline derivative, was synthesized by starting the appropriate components. Then, poly(OPA) was obtained via chemical polymerization of the OPA in the presence of ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) as the initiator and DMF as the solvent. Poly(OPA)/Bentonite (BNT) nanocomposite was synthesized by effectively dispersing the inorganic nanolayers of BNT in poly(OPA) matrix by means of intercalation method. In the second stage; the characterization of the synthesized OPA, poly(OPA) and poly(OPA)/BNT nanocomposite was investigated. The OPA was characterized by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/TOF-MS). The structures of the poly(OPA) and nanocomposite(OPA) were characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the conductivity of poly(OPA)/BNT nanocomposite was investigated and change in electrical conductivity was examined.
Rough I_((λ,μ) )-Statistical Convergence of Double Sequences in Gradual Normed Linear Spaces
Authors: KİŞİ Ömer , CHOUDHURY Chiranjib
Published: November 2022

The aim of this paper is to we examine the notion of gradually rough I_((λ,μ) )-statistical convergence of double sequences in gradual normed linear spaces (GNLS). In addition, we define the concept of gradually rough I_((λ,μ) )-statistical limit set of double sequences and obtain some algebraic and topological features of this set. Theorems are proved in the light of GNLS theory approach. Results are obtained via different perspective and new examples are established to justify the counterparts and indicate existence of introduced notions. We produce significant results that present several fundamental properties of this notion. The results established in this research work supplies an exhaustive foundation in GNLS and make a significant contribution in the theoretical development of GNLS in literature. The original aspect of this study is the first wholly up-to-date and thorough examination of the features and implementations of new introduced notions in GNLS.
The problem of the web: Can we prioritize both participatory practices and privacy?
Authors: Stewart Bonnie E.
Published: November 2022

This paper is a critical case study tracing the professional history of a self-professed open educator over more than two decades. It frames the narrative of an individual as a window on the broader arc of the field, from early open learning as a means of widening participation, through the rise of the participatory web at scale, to the current datafied and extractive infrastructure of higher education. It outlines how the field of online education has changed, as the web and the social and societal forces shaping use of the web have shifted. Through these lenses of change, the case study explores the dilemma facing open and participatory education at this juncture: that the current structure of the web threatens privacy, higher education governance structures, and the spirit of open, participatory sharing. The paper explores the problem of the web as one without direct solutions but does consider ways that educators might mitigate their open practice in more critical directions.
Neuropragmatics
Authors: Bischetti Luca , Frau Federico , Bambini Valentina
Published: November 2022

CITE AS Bischetti, Frau, & Bambini (2024). Neuropragmatics. In M. J. Ball, N. Müller, & E. Spencer (Eds.), The Handbook of Clinical Linguistics, 2nd Edition (pp. 41-54). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119875949.ch4
Geographical Information System (GIS) as a Planning Support System (PSS) in Urban Planning: Theoretical Review and its Practice in Urban Renewal Process in Hong Kong
Authors: Bhatta Kishan Datta , Joshi Janardan
Published: November 2022

Planning Support system (PSS) is considered essential to urban planning specifically to make decisions or choices about alternative ways of using available resources, with the aim of achieving particular goals in future. Geographical Information System (GIS) has been used extensively in urban planning activities, whereas PSS are a class of geo-information systems composed of data/information, models and visualization tools that are primarily developed to support different phases of the planning process and its function. In this context, the GIS-based planning support systems is supposed to allow planners and citizens to quickly and efficiently create and test alternative development scenarios and determine their likely impacts on future land use patterns, associated population and employment trends, thus allowing public officials to make informed planning decisions (Ospina, 2004). Based on the archival research, this study aims to explore (i) the theoretical discourse underpinning the Geographical Information System (GIS), Planning Support System (PSS) and use of GIS as a PSS in the urban planning; (ii) the practical implication of GIS as a PSS with reference to the case of urban renewal process in Hong Kong; and (iii) key opportunities as well as limitations of use of GIS as a PSS in Urban Planning Process. This paper contributes to enrich theoretical discourse on use of Computer based technologies such as GIS as a fundamental tool in Planning Support Systems specifically to promote effective and efficient decision-making and urban planning process.
Angiographic Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Acute STEMI Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal
Authors: Pathak S. R. , Gajurel R. M. , Poudel C. M. , Shrestha H. , Thapa S. , Thapa S. , Koirala P.
Published: November 2022

Background Patients with diabetes mellitus have a higher prevalence of atherosclerotic heart disease and a higher incidence of myocardial infarction than the general population. Definitive diagnosis and precise assessment of anatomic severity of Coronary Artery Disease requires invasive diagnostic modality like coronary angiography.

Objective To study angiographic characteristics and severity involving coronary arteries in patients with acute ST segment elevation Myocardial infarction and to compare the same in diabetics and non-diabetics.

Method Among 150 patients with acute coronary syndrome, 75 diabetics and 75 nondiabetics admitted in Manmohan Cardiothoracic vascular and transplant Centre were selected randomly during a period of one year formed the study group. Random Blood Sugar, Fasting Blood Sugar was done in all 150 patients, HbA1c in all diabetics. All subjects with acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction were taken up for coronary angiography intended for primary PCI.

Result In our study, 35 (46.7%) out of 75 diabetic patients had triple or multi-vessel disease compared to 10 (13.4%) out of 75 non diabetics. Non-diabetic patients had significantly higher single vessel disease (65.3%). There was a statistically significant association of duration of DM with vessels involved. The occurrence of Triple Vessel Disease/Multivessel Disease was significantly higher in the patients with DM duration > 10 years compared to patients with DM duration < 10 years (64.7% vs. 35.3%, P < 0.001), however there was no significant difference in type of vessel involved. Similarly, a significantly higher proportion of Triple vessel disease was observed in patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 8.5%). 72.2% of the patients with HbA1c > 8.5% had Triple vessel disease/Multi vessel disease, whereas patients with good glycemic control (HbA1c < 7.0%) had predominantly Single vessel disease (90.0%), with no occurrence of Triple vessel disease/Multi vessel disease

Conclusion Diabetic patients presenting with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction are likely to have triple/multiple vessel disease compared to non-diabetic patients. The occurrence of Triple Vessel Disease/Multivessel Disease was significantly higher in the patients with DM duration > 10 years compared to patients with DM duration <10 years.
Risk Factors of Malnutrition among under Five Children Admitted in Kanti Children’s Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Karki S. , Koirala S. , Shrestha S.
Published: November 2022

Background World Health Organization (WHO) stated that malnutrition is a major global health and social problem from which many people are suffering, particularly children. Poor feeding and care practices, insufficient nutrient intake, high rate of infection and teenage pregnancy are the immediate causes of chronic malnutrition.

Objective To identify the risk factors for malnutrition among under five children.

Method A case control study was carried out among the mothers having under-5 years’ children who were admitted in the Kanti Children’s Hospital of Nepal from 1st August 2019 to 7th September 2020. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select 50 children with malnutrition and 100 children without malnutrition matched on age, sex and setting. A structured interview was used to collect data from mothers of both cases and controls. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.

Result Present study reveals that 58% girl got marriage before 20 years. After confounders adjusted, mother’s age ≥ 20 years at marriage (OR: 2.74, 95% CI: 0.98-7.63. p=0.05), and mother’s age ≥ 20 years at child birth (OR: 7.74, 95% CI: 2.37-25.27. p=0.001), were significantly associated with having malnutrition among under five children. Similarly, accessibility of health facility (OR: 3.31, 95% CI: 1-10.94. p=0.05), fathers who completed master in education (OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01-0.88. p=0.04), children who lived in joint family (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.07-0.86. p=0.03), child < 2.5 kg at birth (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.05-0.62. p=0.01), and second and third or above in order (OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01-1.04. p=0.05) had significantly less chance of having malnutrition. Children’s whose birth interval was 2-3 years were significantly (OR: 9.74, 95% CI: 1.16-82.23. p=0.04) associated with the occurrence of malnutrition. Children who had suffered from multiple co-morbidities in last one year were (OR: 4.55, 95% CI: 0.48-43.03. p=0.18) more chance of having malnutrition.

Likewise, the mothers who feed colostrum to their child had (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 0.52- 9.26. p=0.29) almost two-fold less chance of having malnutrition. Mothers who had done exclusive breast feeding ≥ 4 months had (OR: 40.55, 95% CI: 3.35-1.490.92. p=0.008) significantly associated with having malnutrition.

Conclusion Low education status of father, living in single family, exclusive breast feeding ≥ 4 months, lack of balance diet were significant risk factors of malnutrition. Based on finding, reliable longitudinal studies, interventions and program to educate parent for prevention of malnutrition are necessary in future.
The Postural Effects on Electrical Activities of Heart in Apparently Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Chaudhary S. , Ranamagar R. , Shrestha L. , Pun D. B. , Karmacharya P. , Mahotra N. B.
Published: November 2022

Background The electrical activities of heart recorded as electrocardiogram (ECG) are mostly done in supine postures. The body postural changes have effects in these electrical activities in heart which needs to be properly recognized.

Objective To find the variations in electrocardiogram during postural changes from supine to upright i.e. sitting and standing postures among apparently healthy young adults.

Method A cross sectional study was carried out in Manipal College of Medical Sciences after the institutional ethical clearance. The apparently healthy 30 Nepalese male medical students between 18-25 years of age were enrolled. The electrocardiography was elicited in supine, sitting and standing postures in the participants after 5 minutes’ interval between each procedure in each participant.

Result The highest mean amplitudes of Q wave were seen in sitting postures (0.12±0.04 mm), R wave in standing postures (1.46±0.55 mm) and S wave also in standing postures (0.23±0.2 mm). The mean amplitudes of Q and S waves showed statistically significant difference when compared between supine and upright postures. The maximum QRS duration was found while sitting (0.08±0.01 ms) and maximum heart rate in standing posture (82.43±10.59/min). The mean comparison of heart rate was statistically highly significant when compared between supine and standing postures. The mean QRS frontal axis was comparatively increased while standing (64.30±39.29).

Conclusion The electrical activities of heart vary during postural changes among apparently healthy young adults. These changes are most prominent when compared between supine and standing postures which urges for careful interpretation of electrocardiogram if it is done in upright postures.
Marine deposits of the Chuy Formation (Late Pleistocene) and isostatic readjustments in the area of Laguna de Rocha (Uruguay)
Authors: Castiglioni Eduardo , Gaucher Claudio , Perillo Gerardo M. E. , Sial Alcides N.
Published: November 2022

The Chuy Formation is characterized by up to 135 m of an alternation of green pelites and fine to coarse sandstones with sparse invertebrate fossils. The marine deposits are interbedded with continental, loessic deposits of the Libertad Formation and overlain by the Dolores Formation, made up of mudstones with calcareous concretions. The results of the radiocarbon dating showed calibrated ages of 13.9±0.2, 41.5±1.9 and 50±3 ka BP on bioclasts of marine fossils at an elevation (above sea level, asl) of -2.8, -6.13 and -8 m respectively. Such ages and elevations are in disagreement with the sea-level evolution inferred for the Late Pleistocene. Two possible explanations are: (a) the ages represent minimum ages and deposition took place during the last interglacial at 115-130 ka (Marine Isotope Stage MIS 5e), or (b) they represent depositional ages but the area experimented large isostatic readjustments during and after the last glaciation. Several lines of evidence suggest a Late Pleistocene age for the upper Chuy Formation, including the d18O curve obtained from invertebrate shells, which shows large secular variations consistent with MIS 1 to 7. The proposed scenario envisages significant subsidence between 50-20 ka due to the far-field effects of glacial load in the Andes/Patagonia. At 20 ka the eustatic regression outpaced subsidence, leading to continentalization of the Laguna de Rocha area. Marine conditions returned at 15 ka and into the Holocene, except for continental deposits (Dolores Formation) at ca. 11-10 ka (Younger Dryas). An uplift of 115 m took place between 15 and 9 ka in the area, which is interpreted as post-glacial rebound. In the Holocene, moderate subsidence was further recorded. A regional trend is observed, with uplift of marine deposits increasing towards the W-SW, which is consistent with an explanation as post-glacial isostatic rebound.
First report of root and crown rot caused by Dactylonectria novozelandica on strawberry in Uruguay
Authors: Vigliecca Micaela , González Pablo , Machín Alex , Vicente Esteban , Silvera Elisa
Published: November 2022

Since 2015, a high mortality rate of strawberry plants has been observed in the north of Uruguay related to crown and root diseases caused by a pathogens complex. In 2016, associated with the death of plants, Cylindrocarpon spp. was isolated with a frequency of 42.4 %, ranking third, preceded by Neopestalotiopsis sp. and Fusarium spp. Aiming to increase the knowledge of the pathogens that integrate the complex, three isolates of Cylindrocarpon spp. were characterized by molecular, morphological and pathogenicity analyses in strawberry plants. Dactylonectria novozelandica was identified as causal agent of crown and root necrosis of strawberry in Salto, Uruguay.
Representation of the concept “Traditional food”
Authors: García Barrón Sergio Erick , Rivera Muñoz Roberto Efraín , Camacho David , Pérez Camarillo Juan Pablo , Leyva Trinidad Doris Arianna
Published: November 2022

Foods fulfil social and nutritional functions. Knowing the meaning of foods is essential to understand the behavior towards them, especially when it comes to traditional foods. Two groups of people from Mezquital Valley and the Comarca Minera region in Hidalgo, Mexico, were interviewed through word association to find out what words they associated with the concept of "traditional food". The results were analyzed using the Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). Through the LSA, nine dimensions were found for the Mezquital Valley and seven for the Comarca Minera region. These were further reduced to three defining dimensions shared between regions: Nutrition and nutritional quality, Territorial identity of a region, and Experiences derived from consumption. The Food Culture dimension was typical of the Mezquital Valley. Our findings suggest that LSA is suitable for the analysis of concepts and that regions have dimensions of their own geocultural context.
Cultivos de uso ilícito y procesos de transformación campesina en La Macarena (Meta, Colombia)
Authors: Guerrero Demis , Acevedo Álvaro
Published: November 2022

Este trabajo aborda la economía campesina como sujeto de procesos de transformación en función de la economía de mercado. El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre los sistemas productivos y las trasformaciones campesinas en la configuración de Planes de Desarrollo Alterno (PDA) en La Macarena. Se empleó una metodología mixta, combinando una metodología sistémica con una dialéctica, y encontrando que el campesino recurre a los cultivos de uso ilícito inmerso en la dialéctica sujeto-estructura condicionada por el problema agrario no resuelto. Existen cuatro variables susceptibles de manejo por el campesinado en los sistemas productivos de sustitución, surgidos de los PDA del Programa Nacional de Sustitución de Cultivos de Uso Ilícito (PNIS): Eficiencia Energética, Relación Beneficio Costo, Riesgo Ambiental y Organización; sus índices mejorarían estableciendo sinergias con los planes de desarrollo endógeno de la Zona de Reserva Campesina de Losada y Guayabero (ZRC-LG).
Diversity and Habitat Preferences of Moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in Indikadamukalana, a Lowland Wet Zone Forest in Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunathunga P. , Dangalle C.D. , Pallewatta N.
Published: November 2022

The moths (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of Sri Lanka have not been well studied and no comprehensive scientific study on their diversity has been carried out over the past 100 years. Thus, establishing species richness and diversity of moths in different habitats of the island is important. The present study was carried out to investigate moth species diversity and habitat factors which can affect moths in Indikadamukalana Forest Reserve situated in the wet zone of Sri Lanka. Moth diversity of the forest was investigated for a period of approximately seven months in 2018, where two habitat types as forest edge and within forest were studied. Transect line count method was used to sample diurnal moths and light traps were used to study nocturnal moths. Aerial nets and fruit-baited traps were used to improve the sampling efficiency. Weather parameters of the two habitat types were estimated using a potable weather station. A total of 138 moth species of 19 families were recorded, with forest edge habitat recording 18 families (91 species) and within the forest habitat recording 15 families (47 species). Crambidae and Erebidae were the most prominent families of moths found in both habitats of the forest. Gelechiidae was recorded only from within the forest habitat while Sphingidae, Hepialidae, Tortricidae and Bombycidae were recorded only from the forest edge habitat.  Weather parameters between the two habitats did not depict a significant difference. Maintenance of Sri Lanka’s biodiversity hotspot status lies within the wet zone of the country. Thus, long term studies of moth communities of the wet zone are of vital importance
Developing Social Capital through School-Based Collaborations: A Mixed Methods Social Network Analysis
Authors: Mahatmya Duhita , Brown Elizabeth L. , Valenti Michael , Celedonia Karen L. , Sweet Tracy , Bethea Canaan
Published: November 2022

Collaboration has become an important way for organizations to leverage human resources to create shared organizational goals. Schools, as organizations, thrive on positive collegial partnerships among educators, with effective educator collaborations linked to improved school effectiveness and student outcomes. However, not all collaborations are successful. The current study draws heavily from Coleman’s (1988) social capital framework to understand with whom educators choose to interact and how patterns of interaction facilitate educators’ social capital development. Using an equal status, sequential mixed methods design, K–12 educators’ interview and survey data were iteratively analyzed to explore how educators describe their school-based collaborations, how collaborations reveal distinct social network structures, and how school-based collaborations and network structures lead to educators’ social capital. Findings illuminated four distinct profiles of collaboration that emerged as educators described their school-based collaboration, which were linked to different social network structures and qualities of social capital. These results can be used to inform professional development practices for school administrators and human resources teams through consideration of profiles that may inform responsive school-based collaborations. We discuss additional implications for educator hiring and retention as well as policy around PK–12 teacher standards.
Metaverse and education: the pioneering case of Minecraft in immersive digital learning
Authors: Sánchez-López Iván , Roig-Vila Rosabel , Pérez-Rodríguez Amor
Published: November 2022

The metaverse is presented as a possible new technological iteration for the Internet. The generation of virtual universes in which the physical and the digital converge raises the question of how education will be addressed in these new systems. We find, however, pioneering exercises such as Minecraft: Education Edition. This platform is a version based on the popular sandbox video game, which was originally created by a community of teachers. The aim of this research is to analyze and describe the idiosyncratic characteristics of Minecraft as an educational platform, framing it as one of the pioneering exercises in the metaverse. To this end, we have employed a methodology that combines Multimodal Discourse Analysis with Grounded Theory and the Constant Comparative Method. As conclusions, we observe how the Minecraft Education platform reinforces from its approach pre-existing aspects from the physical world, resizing them to adapt them to its connected digital environment. These are key elements such as the identity of the participants, their ability to act within the system, creativity through lessons as a guide to the educational objectives and the community as the backbone of the process. At the same time, it presents differential components, such as the use of avatars, the transition from textual literacy to multimodal literacy, game mechanics that boost creativity or transhuman capabilities that defy physical space-time. All in all, the platform is designed for teachers, parents and managers, to whom it offers a series of benefits. Therefore, the pedagogical action will depend on their judgment and execution, especially through the elaboration of lessons and worlds, the management of the sessions and their interaction in community environments. It is their responsibility to ensure that the educational experience is truly empowering or, on the contrary, that it ends up being governed by reproductive criteria linked to symbolic violence.
Heavy drinking and drinking harms for cisgender and transgender college students
Authors: Dermody Sarah , Lamb Kalina M. , Kerr David C. R.
Published: November 2022

Objective: We examined alcohol use and harms, and their interrelations among cisgender and transgender college students. Method:  We conducted a secondary analysis a U.S. sample of 4-year college students (n=242,624; M age =20.24, SD=1.67; 12.31% Hispanic/Latinx and 62.11% non-Hispanic/Latinx White, 3.99% Black, 11.88% Asian or Pacific Islander, 0.37% American Indian, Alaskan Native or Native Hawaiian, 9.35% Multiracial/ethnic/other). These outcomes were compared between cisgender women (68.53%) and cisgender men (29.27%), transgender men (0.91%), transgender women (0.23%), and non-binary students (1.06%): level (number of drinks) of recent alcohol use, frequency of binge drinking (≥ 5 drinks) in the past 2 weeks, and occurrence and count of harms while drinking in past year. Gender differences in the association between drinking level and consequences were also examined. Results: Cisgender women were the reference group for all of the comparisons. Cisgender men reported less occurrence of regret, sex without their consent, and unprotected sex when drinking, but greater occurrence of injury and trouble with police. Transgender women and non-binary individuals reported lower odds of regret and unprotected sex when drinking. Transgender men reported increased odds of sex without their consent when drinking. All transgender subgroups reported increased odds of suicidal ideation when drinking. Finally, associations between level of recent drinking and odds of experiencing harms differed by gender identity. Conclusions: Patterns of alcohol use, consequences, and their interrelationship differed for cisgender men, transgender women and men, and non-binary individuals relative to cisgender women. There is a need for gender-inclusive prevention for alcohol harms among students.