bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Affective Neuroscience and Theory of Mind: An Analysis on Neural Connections
Authors: Özel Emir Halim
Published: December 2024

Theory of mind is a neurobiological capability that is concerned with the social cognition of living organisms and studied widely in cognitive neuroscience. Affective neuroscience is a comprehensive neuroscientific theory that examines the affective systems of living things from a neurobiological perspective. Affective neuroscience posits that there are 7 different affective systems in the mammalian brain and these systems are activated by subcortical structures. The aim of this article is to try to explain the theory of mind ability described in cognitive neuroscience with affective neuroscience's affective systems and to propose a region for the neuroanatomical structure of the SELF system that encompasses the theory of mind ability. The paper connects the 3 positive affective systems of affective neuroscience, namely SEEKING, PLAY and CARE, through the relationship between theory of mind and empathy. The main conclusion of the study is that theory of mind, which has deep neural connections within the neocortical structures, may be based on subcortical structures. This connection was established through neural circuits extending from the ventral tegmental area to the medial prefrontal cortex for the SEEKING system. However for the PLAY and CARE systems, this connection was established through the anterior medial cingulate cortex and anterior insula for affective empathy; and through the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, temporopatietal junction and superior temporal sulcus for cognitive empathy. We also argue that the theory of mind and SELF pathway may be encompassed in the pathways of the SEEKING, PLAY and CARE system, starting from the VTA and extending to mesolimbic and mesocortical regions..
Analyzing Attachment Representations and Aggression Tendencies of Individuals Diagnosed with Psychosomatic Skin Disease through Drawing Method
Authors: Akba Ömer , Demir Volkan
Published: December 2024

TObjective: This study aimed to explore attachment representations and aggression tendencies in individuals diagnosed with psychosomatic skin diseases, using drawing-based assessment methods.
Method: The study included 108 participants, comprising 53 individuals diagnosed with psychosomatic skin diseases and 55 without skin disease. Data were collected through the Draw a Bird's Nest Test and the Draw a Nonexistent Animal Test.
Results: Significant differences emerged between participants based on specific drawing characteristics. Those who included a parent bird near the nest or placed the nest on solid ground differed significantly from those who did not. Male participants showed a significant association between the dominant color in their drawings and certain traits, whereas this pattern was absent among females. Content analysis of bird nest stories revealed themes of absent parent birds, food-seeking, loneliness, and abandonment. In drawings of nonexistent animals, recurrent themes included aggression, lethality, and wildness.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that drawing-based tests can provide valuable insights into the attachment patterns and aggression tendencies of individuals with psychosomatic skin diseases, highlighting the potential of such tools for psychological assessment in this population.
From teaching experience. XV. Crystallographic borders and phyllotaxis
Authors: Voytehovskiy Yuri , Gunchenkova A.
Published: December 2024

Phyllotaxis is an orderly arrangement of leaves on plant stems and branches. Its origin is that each species in the course of evolution optimized the light flux for each leaf. The found optimum was fixed in the genotype and became a phenotypic trait. The possibility to use the crystallographic ideas in botany was shown by A. Bravais. The given paper proposes to describe the arrangement of leaves on a horizontal branch in terms of the theory of borders. All seven possible types of borders are found to be theoretically consistent. The suggested nomenclature in terms of symmetry operations strictly fixes straight and oblique arrangement of symmetrical and asymmetrical leaves on branches. Botanical prototypes have been established for all types of borders.
Mineralogical and technological assessment of waste from the Kuzbasskaya Central Processing Plant (Kemerovo region)
Authors: Chikisheva T. , Komarova A. , Tureckaya N.
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the results of the material composition studying of the Kuzbasskaya coal preparation plant waste. Such toxic elements as arsenic, chromium, mercury, selenium, beryllium and vanadium are included into the composition of this material. The valuable impurity elements are silver, lanthanum, molybdenum, scandium, selenium, lead and yttrium. The ash content of the original fuel was 22.4 %, which indicated the presence of non-combustible phases represented by inorganic matter. The optical and mineralogical analysis determined that this waste was composed of coal (82.51 %), in addition, it contained carbonates, feldspars, quartz, clay minerals, as well as magnetite and iron hydroxides. Sulfides, monazite, rutile, zircon and micas were visualized in single grains.
Application of neural networks for chitinozoans recognition in images
Authors: Yakupov R. , Gusmanova K.
Published: December 2024

Paleontological identification of microfauna using automated image recognition represents an innovative practical application of existing software methods for analysis and classification based on computer vision and machine learning technologies. The development of software capable of recognition of Chitinozoans in images will simplify and speed up the processing of large amounts of microfossil data. The use of neural networks for image analysis is also possible for other groups of paleoorganics.
Chitinozoans have a number of advantages that allow a step-by-step assessment of the applicability of automated image recognition technology for biostratigraphic problems compared to other groups of microfossils. The artificial paleontological classification of Chitinozoa is based on clear morphological characteristics and can be formalized. At the first stage of solving recognition problems, a classification function was constructed that predicts class, the fossil belongs to, based on the input feature vector — either "chitinozoa" or "non-chitinozoa". The developed model of the Chitinozoans recognition algorithm showed a high degree of accuracy (more than 98 %).
Corpo preto sem cabelo, humilhação de atriz estadunidense e emoções humanitárias
Authors: Nascimento Lucas
Published: December 2024

Retomadas ao recrudescimento de posturas contrárias ao bem social e ao desenvolvimento de pessoas são vividas no mundo. Há ódio político nas relações interpessoais e públicas. Diante disso, a exemplificar o cenário brasileiro, os Estados Unidos também demonstram os seus efeitos de uma gestão truculenta, para não dizer excludente, para precisar dizer o que foi a administração de direita à extrema-direita. Esses efeitos são diversos, a citar o que veremos em fato pontual de violência discursiva sustentada pela humilhação, pela exposição do corpo preto feminino, do cabelo de mulher preta estadunidense. Exposição da atriz Jada Smith que porta alopecia (uma condição de perda de cabelo), a dita calvície. Diante disso, o corpus de trabalho eleito são quatro imagens fotográficas e sete enunciados de Jada Pinkett Smith, Will Smith e Chris Rock. As perguntas de trabalho são: (1) qual é o funcionamento discursivo da piada do Chris Rock que coloca a atriz Jada em posição-sujeito de humilhação? (2) como a emoção expressa sentido de degradação no rosto de Jada Smith? (3) quais indícios da piada de Chris Rock acontecimentalizam discriminações (machismo, misoginia e racismo)? (4) por que o tapa de Will Smith em Chris Rock expressa a defesa e a honra das mulheres pretas em uma sociedade machista e do branqueamento? O embasamento teórico-analítico é a Análise do discursivo e os autores de referência são Pêcheux, Foucault e Courtine. Busca-se sobre a beleza preta e sua história para a chegada em questões sobre o corpo preto da atriz estadunidense Jada Smith e a humilhação sofrida no maior festival americano de cinema – Oscar 2022. Sobre o sentimento de humilhação e as emoções humanitárias, recorremos, respectivamente, a Haroche (2020) e Taithe (2020) no livro dirigido por Jean-Jacques Courtine – História das Emoções. O texto apresenta reflexões sobre a intolerância à diversidade e à ausência do cabelo pela doença alopecia da atriz Jada, além do machismo e dos indícios de reprodução discursiva discriminatória de chacota e riso discriminador e polêmico no Oscar 2022.
Reduction of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting with Spinal Anesthesia: Using Complementary Therapy Peppermint and Lavender Aromatherapy
Authors: Taufan Arif  , Maria Diah Ciptaningtyas  , Navalia Nailin Mudviyanti  , Fitriana Kurniasari Solikhah
Published: December 2024

Nausea and vomiting are common occurrences after surgery with spinal anesthesia, which can lead to complications and delay recovery. Hypotension associated with spinal, epidural, and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia was a significant factor contributing to PONV. This study aimed to determine the difference in effectiveness between peppermint and lavender aromatherapy in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients with spinal anesthesia. The study used a one-group pre-posttest design with a control group. The research sample consisted of at least 12 respondents in each group, resulting in 36 respondents, selected using a random sampling technique with a spinner wheel. Inclusion criteria were respondents who experienced moderate to severe nausea and vomiting (scores 9–24). This study utilized the Rhodes Index Nausea, Vomiting & Retching (RINVR) instrument to measure the level of nausea and vomiting scores over 6 hours. Mann whitney test result, the P value of peppermint aromatherapy is smaller than alpha (0.003 <0.05), the P value of lavender aromatherapy is smaller than alpha (0.017 <0.05) and the P value of post aromatherapy peppermint and lavender is smaller than alpha (0.00 <0.05), which means there is a difference in effectiveness between peppermint and lavender aromatherapy on reducing nausea and vomiting. Peppermint aromatherapy is more effective than lavender in reducing nausea vomiting because the refreshing effect of peppermint is preferred by respondents, making them more relaxed and reducing nausea vomiting.
Combination Therapy for Cryptosporidiosis in Immunocompromised Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wiwien Sugih Utami  , M.S. Irham Rozaq  , Laksmi Indreswari  , Cholis Abrori  , Bagus Hermansyah
Published: December 2024

Cryptosporidium sp. is a pathogen that causes gastroenteritis and may increase mortality and morbidity in immunocompromised patients. Cryptosporidium became widely recognized as a human pathogen. Diarrhea is a common problem in AIDS patients and about 30%–60% of patients in developed countries and 90% in developing countries experience diarrhea. This study was conducted using a systematic review design. Two articles with cohort design and two with case report design were selected based on the eligibility criteria. Three of these studies used a combination of nitazoxanide with azithromycin as an intervention, one in cohort design and two in case report design. One cohort study  used a nitazoxanide and fluoroquinolone combination as an intervention. 54 samples participated in this study were post kidney transplantation patients and one sample was with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Nitazoxanide and fluoroquinolone combination is a better therapy for cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients compared to nitazoxanide and azithromycin combination. The(OR) for stool clearance was significantly lower with nitazoxanide alone compared to that of nitazoxanide and fluoroquinolone (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.92, P= 0.01), and the OR for diarrhea stopped was significantly lower with nitazoxanide alone compared to that of nitazoxanide and fluoroquinolone (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.81, P= 0.004). The OR for stool clearance was lower with nitazoxanide and azithromycin than monotherapy (OR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.01, 5.77), but P=0.24, which means not statistically significant.
Prognostic Nutritional Index with Wound Complication After Laparotomy in Colorectal Cancer Patients at Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital Banda Aceh
Authors: Amirul Hadi  , Muhammad Yusuf  , Iflan Naufal  , Muslim  , Imam Hidayat
Published: December 2024

Colorectal cancer patients generally undergo laparotomy as part of the management. The earliest complications of laparotomy are bleeding, surgical wound infection, and anastomotic dehiscence. Albumin-lymphocytes are indicators of nutritional status and inflammation combined in the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI). Evaluation of PNI related to the degree of post-laparotomy wounds in colorectal cancer has not been widely explained. Objective: to find out the correlation of PNI for laparotomy wound complications in colorectal cancer patients at Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital Banda Aceh. Method: A cross-sectional study will assess the correlation of PNI to the degree of post-operative wounds with the South Hampton Wound Scale. PNI values were determined by albumin and lymphocytes. The subjects were colorectal cancer patients, aged 18 years and underwent laparotomy. The assessment was carried out on the 7th day after laparotomy. The Spearman test was performed to determine the correlation. Results: 30 colorectal cancer patients as samples, with an average age of 49.43 years old (±11.06), male (56.7%), moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (46.7%), average albumin 3.08 (±0.47) and lymphocytes 13.93 (±8.22). After evaluation, we found that patients with normal PNI values ​​had South Hampton grade 1 (23.3%), while mild malnutrition was in grade 1 (6.7%) and 2 (6.7%), moderate malnutrition was in grade 3 (23.3%) and grade 4 (16.7%) and severe malnutrition were in grade 4 (16.7%) and grade 5 (13.3%). Conclusion: There was a very strong correlation between PNI and postoperative wound complications in colorectal cancer.
Urine Periostin Level and Renal Function in Malignancy Patients Treated with High-Dose Cisplatine
Authors: Harry Yusuf  , Andhika Rachman  , M Bonar Marbun  , Hamzah Shatri  , Ahadini Putri Aliya
Published: December 2024

Cisplatin has been used extensively as a cancer treatment. Nephrotoxicity, which is assessed by blood urea levels, blood creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), is caused by cisplatin metabolites that build up in the kidneys. Because of these indicators' numerous flaws, optimal biological markers are required. One of the key mediators of inflammatory processes, such as kidney fibrosis and inflammation, is periostin. In cancer patients undergoing high-dose cisplatin therapy, the purpose of this study is to ascertain how urine periostin changes and how it relates to kidney function. This cross-sectional study was carried out at the National Center General Hospital of Cipto Mangunkusumo's medical hematology-oncology outer clinic and medical hematology-oncology ward on the eighth floor starting in November 2019 and ending when the minimum sample was obtained through consecutive sampling. Data was analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 23.0 based on the research objective. Of the 37 responders, 70.3% were men, 29.7% were between the ages of 41 and 50, 78.4% were married, 59.5% had completed high school, 37.8% were employed, 59.5% had NPC, and 64.9% had a Karnofsky score of 80. Between before and one week following chemotherapy II, the respondents' blood creatinine and urea levels rose. The eGFR value has also decreased. Periostin levels, on the other hand, tended to rise one week following treatment III after declining during chemotherapy I and II (p value>0.05). Urine periostin levels and other kidney function indicators did not significantly correlate (p>0.05), according to the correlation test, and several domains had negative directions. The correlation coefficient values were modest (r = 0.017-0.254). There is a changing of urine periostin level of malignant patients receiving high dose cisplatin therapy which increase after the third chemotherapy. No significant correlation was found between periostin levels and kidney function in malignant patients with high-dose cisplatin therapy.
Unveiling The Tubarial Gland: Key Anatomical Features and Clinical Significance
Authors: Aditya Dwi Martha Nur , Santosa Winnie Nirmala , HY Jefman Efendi Marzuki , Sukarno Devitya Angielevi , Baharuddin  , Prawitasari Dita Sukmaya , Sajuni  , Wicaksono Y Adhimas Setyo , Djuanda Stephanie Natasha
Published: December 2024

Medical technological advancements have revealed previously unknown anatomical features in the nasal cavity known as tubarial glands. However, many questions remain unanswered concerning these glands. The authors intend to give analysis of the tubarial glands, including their major discovery (MD), anatomical and histological features (AHF), and clinical significance (CS), through this systematic review. Articles were identified using the PRISMA methods, with data collected from SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and PubMed until September 2024. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were utilized using various terminology: "tubarial gland*", "tubarial salivary gland*", and "radiotherapy”. Inclusion criteria were: (1) type of study was original research report, case report, case studies, letter to editor, brief communication, commentary, editorial, and news (2) articles with full-text access only, and (3) The article provides information on the tubarial glands. Exclusion criteria were: (1) type of study systematic review, meta-analysis, or bibliometry and (2) article is not in english. The identification yielded a total of 37 articles worldwide.  The distribution of the types of studies includes original research (19; 51.3%), case report (3; 8.1%), letter to editor (6; 16.2%), brief communication (2; 5.4%), commentary (7; 18.9%), editorial (1; 2.7%), news (1; 2.7%). Based on research subjects and their total number includes healthy patients (1; 2.7%) with a total of 26 subjects, prostate cancer (12; 32.4%) with a total of 612 subjects, head and neck cancer (3; 8.1%) with a total of 38 subjects, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (1; 2.7%) with a total of 240 subjects, Sjorgren's syndrome (1; 2.7%) with a total of 29 subjects, oncocytic papillary cystadenoma (1; 2.7%) with a total of one subject, and others (20; 54.0%). This newly discovered gland has similar morphological, histological, and physiological properties to salivary glands and may have a function in upper airway lubrication and maintenance.
Overcoming drug resistance through extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery system in cancer treatment
Authors: Zheng Long , Chang Ruibai , Liang Bingjing , Wang Yitong , Zhu Yushan , Jia Zijing , Fan Jindian , Zhang Zhe , Du Bo , Kong Dexin
Published: December 2024

Drug resistance is a major challenge in cancer therapy that often leads to treatment failure and disease relapse. Despite advancements in chemotherapeutic agents and targeted therapies, cancers often develop drug resistance, making these treatments ineffective. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained attention for their potential applications in drug delivery because of their natural origin, biocompatibility, and ability to cross biological barriers. Using the unique properties of EVs could enhance drug accumulation at target sites, minimize systemic toxicity, and precisely target specific cells. Here, we discuss the characteristics and functionalization of EVs, the mechanisms of drug resistance, and the applications of engineered EVs to overcome drug resistance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in EV-based drug delivery systems and their applications in overcoming cancer drug resistance. We highlight the potential of EV-based drug delivery systems to revolutionize cancer therapy and offer promising strategies for more effective treatment modalities.
Друкарські та обробні процеси при виготовленні картонного паковання для харчових продуктів
Authors: Мельниченко Світлана Олексіївна , Золотухіна Катерина Ігорівна
Published: December 2024

Сучасний стан досліджень у сфері обробних процесів картонного паковання свідчить про постійний прогрес та розвиток. Завдяки сучасним технологіям та інноваціям, таким як цифровий друк, УФ-лакування та безклейове ламінування, вдається досягти високої якості паковання та забезпечити певні естетичні та експлуатаційні показники. Проте широкий вибір обробних процесів провокує удосконалення існуючих обробних процесів, щоб забезпечити високі стандарти якості безпеки та екологічності паковання. Експлуатаційні та естетичні показники картонного паковання можуть вимагати використання обробних процесів, які не є екологічними чи економічно доцільними. Наприклад, для досягнення високої міцності можуть знадобитися процес ламінування чи лакування, тобто вимагатимуть більших енергетичних витрат або використання матеріалів, що ускладнює процес переробки. Саме такі випадки потребують компромісних рішень, щоб забезпечити необхідні естетичні та експлуатаційні характеристики паковання і при цьому залишати мінімальний негативний вплив на навколишнє середовище. Такий підхід сприяє розвитку сталого та ефективного поліграфічного виробництва.
Розглянуто важливі аспекти екологічності, естетичності та експлуатаційних характеристик картонного паковання, зокрема обробних процесів, що допомагають досягти цих показників. Висвітлено взаємозв’язок між вибором обробних процесів та їх впливом на якість та екологічність паковання. Також розглянуто важливість балансу між потребами у високій естетичності та ефективності в експлуатації.
Відтак, висвітлення важливості екологічних, експлуатаційних та естетичних характеристик паковання та обробних процесів, що сприяють їх досягненню є актуальним. Аналіз взаємозв’язку вибору обробних процесів та якості паковання, зосереджуючись на забезпеченні екологічності, естетичності та ефективності у використанні є важливим для виготовлення паковальної продукції. За результатами досліджень виокремлено найбільш вживані друкарсько-обробні процеси, які є екологічними та ефективними з точки зору забезпечення потрібних експлуатаційних характеристик.
Cytotoxic evaluation of a mixture of four commonly used pesticides on mammalian cell lines
Authors: Agnandji Prudence , Attakpa Eugène S. , Cazier Fabrice
Published: December 2024

During the last decades, vegetable farming has increased in African cities along with an increasing use of pesticides by the vegetable farmers. This bears the risk of heightened exposure to insecticide residues in the populations consuming these vegetables. In this study, we investigated how four frequently used insecticides, namely cypermethrin (Cyp), cyfluthrin (Cyf), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), and β-endosulfan (β-End), that were previously detected in the blood of vegetable farmers in South Benin act together in mixtures. The cytotoxicity of the four insecticides and their mixture in the same concentration ratio as they had been detected in the blood (27% Cyp, 31% Cyf, 15% β-HCH, and 27% β-End) was tested on the arylhydrocarbon receptor-chemically activated luciferase expression (AhR-CALUX) assay using H4L7.5c2 cells derived from H4IIe. Apart from Cyf, none of the test compounds activated the AhR, but they exhibited cytotoxicity. The inhibitory concentrations for 10% of the cells, IC10, of the individual components were (1.1 ± 0.2) × 10−5 for β-End, (2.2 ± 0.2) × 10−5 M for Cyp, (2.0× ± 0.5) × 10−5 M for Cyf, and (3.8 ± 0.6) × 10−5 M for the mixture. β-HCH was too volatile to cause an effect. The cytotoxicity was compared to a quantitative structure-activity relationship for baseline toxicity, and chemicals were confirmed as baseline toxicants in this cell line. The study showed the need to account for mixture effects when assessing the risk of co-exposure to insecticides.
Antibiotic Resistance of Helicobacter pylori: Data from Central Asia
Authors: Seysenbekova Aizhan , Lavrinenko Aliona , Laryushina Yelena , Ayatbek Otemis , Volnovaya Olga , Solomadin Maxim , Yukhnevich Yekaterina , Chesca Antonella
Published: December 2024

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a global health concern, particularly in regions with a high incidence of stomach cancer. The effective eradication of this bacteria is essential for the prevention and treatment of related gastrointestinal disorders. However, antibiotic resistance has emerged as a significant challenge to effective treatment. This review examines antibiotic resistance among H. pylori populations in Central Asia, a region with limited data on this topic. We critically analyze the available literature, exploring the mechanisms behind resistance and highlighting implications for clinical practice and future research. Despite the lack of studies in the region, data suggest alarming levels of resistance to two common antibiotics, clarithromycin and metronidazole. These results underscore the need for enhanced surveillance and personalized treatment strategies to combat H. pylori infections and reduce the risk of stomach cancer in Central Asian populations. Hope to be useful for diagnosis. Also medical management is important for future trends. Youth age are also in attention.
On the Certain Salient Regularities of Strings of Assembly Theory
Authors: Bieniawski Wawrzyniec , Masierak Piotr , Tomski Andrzej , Łukaszyk Szymon
Published: December 2024

Using assembly theory of strings of any natural radix $b$ we find some of their salient regularities. In particular, we show that the upper bound of the assembly index depends quantitatively on the radix $b$ and the longest length $N$ of a string that has the assembly index of $N-k$ is given by $N_{(N-1)}=b^2+b+1$ and by $N_{(N-k)}=b^2+b+2k$ for $2 \le k \le 9$. We also provide particular forms of such strings. Knowing the latter bound, we conjecture that the maximum assembly index of a string of length $N_{(N-2)} \le N \le N_{\text{max}}$ is given by $a_{\text{max}}^{(N,b)} = \lfloor N/2 \rfloor + b(b+1)/2$, where $N_{\text{max}} = 4b^4$ if $b$ is even and $N_{\text{max}} = 4(b^4+1)$ otherwise. For $k=1$ such odd length strings are nearly balanced and there are four such different strings if $b=2$ and seventy-two if $b=3$. We also show that each $k$ copies of an $n$-plet contained in a string decrease its assembly index at least by $k(n-1) - a$, where $a$ is the assembly index of this $n$-plet. We show that the minimum assembly depth satisfies $d_{\text{min}}^{(N)} = \left\lceil \log_2(N) \right\rceil$, for all $b$, and is the assembly depth of a maximum assembly index string. We also provide the general formula for the lengths of the minimum assembly index strings having only one independent assembly step in their pathway. Since these results are also valid for $b=1$, assembly theory subsumes information theory.
On the P Versus NP Problem
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: December 2024

The P versus NP problem is a cornerstone of theoretical computer science, asking whether problems that are easy to check are also easy to solve. "Easy" here means solvable in polynomial time, where the computation time grows proportionally to the input size. While this problem's origins can be traced to John Nash's 1955 letter, its formalization is credited to Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin. Despite decades of research, a definitive answer remains elusive. Central to this question is the concept of NP-completeness. If even one NP-complete problem, like SAT, could be solved efficiently, it would imply that all NP problems could be solved efficiently, proving P=NP. This research proposes a groundbreaking claim: SAT, traditionally considered NP-complete, can be solved in polynomial time, establishing the equivalence of P and NP.
A Scalable Fog Computing Solution for Industrial Predictive Maintenance and Customization
Authors: D’Agostino Pietro , Violante Massimo , Macario Gianpaolo
Published: December 2024

This study presents a predictive maintenance system designed for industrial IoT environ- 1 ments, focusing on resource efficiency and adaptability. The system utilizes Nicla Sense ME sensors, 2 a Raspberry Pi-based concentrator for real-time monitoring, and an LSTM machine-learning model 3 for predictive analysis. Notably, the LSTM algorithm is an example of how the system’s sandbox 4 environment can be used, allowing external users to easily integrate custom models without altering 5 the core platform. In the laboratory, the system achieved a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 6 0.0156, with high accuracy across all sensors, detecting intentional anomalies with a 99.81% accuracy 7 rate. In the real-world phase, the system maintained robust performance, with sensors recording 8maximum Mean Absolute Errors (MAE) of 0.1821, an R-squared value of 0.8898, and a Mean Absolute 9 Percentage Error (MAPE) of 0.72%, demonstrating precision even in the presence of environmental 10 interferences. Additionally, the architecture supports scalability, accommodating up to 64 sensor 11 nodes without compromising performance. The sandbox environment enhances the platform’s 12 versatility, enabling customization for diverse industrial applications. The results highlight the 13 significant benefits of predictive maintenance in industrial contexts, including reduced downtime, 14 optimized resource use, and improved operational efficiency. These findings underscore the potential 15 of integrating AI-driven predictive maintenance into constrained environments, offering a reliable 16 solution for dynamic, real-time industrial operations.
Feasibility Study on AM Manufacturing of Feed Horn Operating in D-Band
Authors: Addamo Giuseppe , Scalcinati Lorenzo , Zannoni Mario , Peverini Oscar Antonio , Calignano Flaviana
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the outcomes of a feasibility study on the manufacturing of D-band horn antenna through Low Power Bed Fusion process. Different prototypes have been realized and tested showing nice results in terms of co-polarization component. On the other hand, a spurious cross-polarization component is present in the radiation pattern even in the principal planes, limiting the device to single polarization applications. A mechanical study of the realized devices has been conducted on the horn internal channel to understand the reasons of this issue and, subsequently, to address where improving the manufacturing process.
Methods and Approaches for User Engagement and User Experience Analysis based on Electroencephalography Recordings: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bellos Christos , Stefanou Konstantinos , Tzallas Alexandros , Stergios Georgios , Tsipouras Markos
Published: December 2024

This review paper explores the intersection of user engagement and user experience studies with Electroencephalography (EEG) analysis by investigating the existing literature in this field. User engagement describes the immediate, session-based experience of using interactive products and is commonly used as a metric to assess the success of games, online platforms, applications, and websites, while user experience encompasses the broader and longer-term aspects of user interaction. This review focuses on the use of EEG as a precise and objective method to gain insights into user engagement. EEG recordings capture brain activity as waves, which can be categorized into different frequency bands. By analyzing patterns of brain activity associated with attention, emotion, mental workload, and user experience, EEG provides valuable insights into user engagement. The review follows the PRISMA statement. The search process involved an extensive exploration of multiple databases, resulting in the identification of 74 relevant studies. The review encompasses the entire information flow of the experiments, including data acquisition, pre-processing analysis, feature extraction, and analysis. By examining the current literature, this review provides a comprehensive overview of various algorithms and processes utilized in EEG-based systems for studying user engagement and identifies potential directions for future research endeavors.
Improving Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: Developing a Novel Phantom for StandardizedMicrocalcification Detection Using Crystalline Growth System
Authors: Wu Dee H. , Preskitt Caroline , Stratemeier Natalie , Lau Hunter , Ponnam Sreeja , Koya Supriya
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Accurate detection of microcalcifications in mammograms is critical for the early detection of breast cancer. However, variability between different manufacturers is significant, particularly with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). Manufacturers have many design differences, including sweep angles, detector types, reconstruction techniques, filters, and focal spot size. This study describes developing a novel phantom model based on crystallizations to standardize microcalcification detection in DBT, aiming to create consistency in the evaluation, which can lead to inconsistent interpretations and patient management. Methods: We created a novel phantom model that simulates different types of breast tissue density with calcifications. Further, these crystalline-grown phantoms can more accurately represent microcalcification’s physiological shapes and compositions than other available phantoms for calcifications and can be evaluated on different systems. Microcalcification patterns were generated using evaporation of sodium chloride, transplantation of calcium carbonate crystals, and/or injection of hydroxyapatite. These patterns were embedded in multiple layers within the wax to simulate various depths and distributions of calcifications with the ability to generate a large variety of patterns. Results: Tomosynthesis imaging revealed that phantoms utilizing calcium carbonate crystals showed demonstrable visualization differences between the 3D DBT reconstructions and the magnification/2D view, illustrating the model's value. The phantom was able to highlight changes in contrast and resolution, which is crucial for accurate microcalcification evaluation. Conclusions: Based on crystalline growth, this phantom model offers an important new standardized target for evaluating DBT systems.  By promoting standardization, especially through the development of advanced breast calcification phantoms, this work and design aims to contribute to improving earlier and more accurate breast cancer detection.
Exploring the Role of Elevated Uric Acid in Acute Kidney Injury: A Comprehensive Review of Pathways and Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Bereda Tola Gudisa
Published: December 2024

Abstract Acute kidney injury caused by hyperuricemia is a serious disorder in which high serum uric acid levels damage the kidneys directly and indirectly. The purpose of this review is to clarify the role that hyperuricemia plays in acute kidney injury (AKI), encompassing both crystal-dependent and crystal-independent pathways. It covers the new insights of prerenal, intrinsic, and postrenal AKI pathways brought on by hyperuricemia. Finding pertinent studies by performing a thorough literature search across several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. After downloading the article, it was imported into Reference Manager and manually screened for duplicate references using the author names, journals, and publication dates (years) as a guide. Damaged tubular cells release damage-associated molecular patterns, which worsen kidney injury. Early identification and treatment of hyperuricemia are crucial to prevent permanent kidney damage or the onset of chronic renal disease.
Regulation of Flavonoid Biosynthesis by the MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) Complex in Plants and Its Specific Features in Cereals
Authors: Bulanov Andrey , Andreeva Elena , Tsvetkova Natalia Vladimirovna , Zykin Pavel
Published: December 2024

Flavonoids are a large group of secondary metabolites, which are responsible for pigmentation, signaling, protection from unfavorable environmental conditions, and other important functions, as well as providing numerous benefits for human health. Various stages of flavonoid biosynthesis are subject to complex regulation by three groups of transcription regulators – MYC-like bHLH, R2R3-MYB and WDR which form the MBW regulatory complex. We attempt to cover the main aspects of this intriguing regulatory system in plants, as well as to summarize information on their distinctive features in cereals. Published data revealed the following perspectives for further research: 1) In cereals, a large number of paralogs of MYC and MYB transcription factors are present, and their diversification has led to spatial and biochemical specialization, providing an opportunity to fine-tune the distribution and composition of flavonoid compounds; 2) Regulatory systems formed by MBW proteins in cereals possess distinctive features that are not yet fully understood and require further investigation; 3) Non-classical MB-EMSY-like complexes, WDR-independent MB complexes, and solely acting R2R3-MYB transcription factors are of particular interest for studying unique regulatory mechanisms in plants. More comprehensive understanding of flavonoid biosynthesis regulation will allow us to develop cereal varieties with the required flavonoid content and spatial distribution.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Prevention: Ghanaian Adolescent Students' Perspectives Through Focus Group Discussion
Authors: Abrefah Emmanuel , Agyei-Baffour Peter , Barimah Owusu Alex , Commeh Mary , Elizondo anjelica , Asare Matt
Published: December 2024

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine effectively reduces HPV-related cancers. Understanding the primary target populations' perceptions of HPV vaccination is critical. We examined the perspectives of Ghanaian adolescent students on HPV vaccination. We conducted four focus group discussions among students from Junior High and Senior High Schools in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Ten open-ended questions guided the discussions. Two independent coders transcribed and analyzed the data thematically using NVivo software. Fifty-nine students (mean age: 14.97 years, SD = 1.55) participated in the study. Themes emerged from the discussions included: (a) low knowledge of HPV vaccines but a strong understanding of the benefits of vaccines. (b) Barriers to accepting HPV vaccine include perceived side effects (e.g., pain, fear of injection, potential death), misconceptions (e.g., infertility, "destroying the womb," growing lean), and vaccine cost. (c) Facilitators to accepting vaccines include vaccine effectiveness, normative beliefs (e.g., parents, doctors, and friends), exposure to school-based vaccine education (e.g., seminars), and altruistic reasons (e.g., protecting others from infection). (d) No adolescent-parent communication, but adolescents indicated a willingness to communicate with parents when received accurate information. These findings underscore the need for targeted HPV education campaigns to improve vaccine uptake.
Thermochronology of the Kalba-Narym Granitoid Batholith and the Irtysh Shear Zone (Altai Accretion-Collision System): Geodynamic Implications
Authors: Travin Alexey Valentinovich , Buslov Mikhail Mikhailovich , Murzintsev Nikolay Gennadyevich , Kotler Pavel Dmitrievich , Khromykh Sergey Vladimirovich , Zindobriy Viktor Dmitrievich
Published: December 2024

The work is devoted to solving the problem of the tectonic evolution of the Late Paleozoic Altai accretion-collision system (AACS) on the basis of the reconstruction of the thermal history of the granitoids of the Kalba-Narym batholith in connection with the Chechek granite-gneiss structure. Traditionally, it is believed that Late Paleozoic strike-slips played an important role at all stages of the development of the AACS. They were supposed to control tectonic deformations, metamorphism, magmatism and metallogeny. Having collected the new geological and geochronological data, we have established the sequence of formation of the Kalba-Narym granitoid batholith and the Irtysh shear zone (ISZ), which are one of the main geological objects of the Altai accretion-collision system in Eastern Kazakhstan. It was revealed that in the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian (312–289 Ma), within the NE–SW compression, the Irtysh shear zone formed as a gentle thrust structure into which hot gabbroids of the Surov massif intruded. The combined overlaying of magmatic and tectonic processes caused the formation of tectonic melange with cataclastic gabbroids and metamorphic rocks of the Chechen granite-gneiss structure, framed by zones of green shales. Compression caused the formation of a cover-thrust structure. Melting of the thickened heated crust caused the formation of the Early Permian Kalba–Narym batholith (297–284 Ma) and subsequent denudation of the orogen to the Early Triassic (279–229 Ma). The sequence of formation of the Kalba-Narym granitoid batholith and the ISZ is consistent with the concepts of the stages of plume-lithospheric interaction within the AACS under the influence of the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian Tarim igneous province, but in the regime of cover-thrust tectonics.
Characterizing the Temporal Variation of Airborne Particulate Matter Using IoT-Based Air Quality Monitors in Urban Areas
Authors: Balagopal Gokul , Wijeratne Lakitha , Waczak John , Hathurusinghe Prabuddha , Iqbal Mazhar , Patra Rittik , Aker Adam , Lee Seth , Agnihotri Vardhan , Simmons Christopher , Lary David J
Published: December 2024

This study aims to determine the optimal frequency for monitoring airborne pollutants in densely populated urban areas to effectively capture their temporal variations. While environmental organizations worldwide typically update air quality data hourly, there is no global consensus on the ideal monitoring frequency to adequately resolve pollutant (Particulate Matter) time series. By applying temporal variogram analysis to particulate matter (PM) data over time, we identified specific measurement intervals that accurately reflect fluctuations in pollution levels. Using January 2023 air quality data from the Joppa neighborhood of Dallas, TX, Temporal Variogram analysis was conducted on three distinct days with varying PM2.5 pollution levels. For the most polluted day, the optimal sampling interval for PM2.5 was determined to be 12.25 seconds. This analysis shows that highly polluted days are associated with shorter sampling intervals, highlighting the need for highly granular observations to accurately capture variations in PM levels. Using the variogram analysis results from the most polluted day, we trained Machine Learning models that can predict the sampling time using meteorological parameters. Feature importance analysis revealed that humidity, temperature and wind speed could significantly impact the measurement time for PM2.5. The study also extends to the other size fractions measured by the air quality monitor. Our findings highlight how local conditions influence the frequency required to reliably track changes in air quality.
Ultrasonic Activation of Au₁₄₄/TiO₂: Tuning Hydroxyl Radical Production through Frequency and Nanocluster Size
Authors: Tsurunishi Takaaki , Furui Yuzuki , Kawasaki Hideya
Published: December 2024

This study explores the sonocatalytic activity of gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) combined with ti-tanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles, forming Au₁₄₄/TiO₂ composites. The hybrid material signif-icantly enhances hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation under ultrasonic conditions, attributed to high-energy cavitation bubbles formed during ultrasonication. The effects of frequency (200, 430, and 950 kHz) and power were systematically evaluated, identifying 430 kHz as optimal for •OH production due to its efficient cavitation energy. Au₁₄₄ NCs function as electron traps, reducing electron–hole recombination in ultrasonically activated TiO₂, thereby improving charge separa-tion and enhancing •OH generation. Size-dependent effects were also studied, showing an effi-ciency trend of Au₁₄₄ > Au₂₅ > plasmonic Au nanoparticles > bare TiO₂. These findings highlight the importance of ultrasonication frequency and Au NC size in optimizing sonocatalytic performance, providing valuable insights for designing advanced sonocatalysts with applications in chemical synthesis, environmental remediation, and biomedical fields.
Green Logistics Instruments: Classification and Ranking
Authors: Rakhmangulov Aleksandr , Osintsev Nikita
Published: December 2024

The concepts of Sustainable development, Triple Bottom Line and ESG have a strong influence on the process of formation and operation of supply chains today. This requires the implementation of various green solutions and practices to improve supply chain sustainability. The analysis conducted of supply chain research has not revealed a universally accepted methodology to systematize green solutions and practices for their effective use in chain management. It was revealed that there are many views on the content of green solutions, insufficient specificity of their description, as well as fragmentation of the use of green solutions in relation to the elements and functions of supply chains (procurement, production, warehousing, transportation, distribution). This reduces the effectiveness of green solutions' implementation. In this study, based on the literature review, a classification of currently existing green solutions and practices is made. The classification is done according to the affiliation of supply chain elements and the functions performed by the elements to promote and process the material flow from supplier to consumer. The proposed system of methods (GLM) and instruments (GLI) of green logistics covers all known functional areas of logistics and includes 27 methods and 105 instruments. The paper performs a ranking of methods and instruments using TOPSIS, MABAC and MARCOS methods. The most and least significant GLM and GLI for each element of the supply chain, as well as for chains of complex structure in general, are determined. The results of GLM and GLI ranking can be used as a basis for the implementation of management decisions to improve the sustainability of supply chains.
Understanding Reflex Epilepsy: Triggers, Mechanisms, and Management
Authors: Pitton Rissardo Jamir , Fornari Caprara Ana Leticia
Published: December 2024

Reflex epilepsy, a distinctive subset of epileptic disorders, is characterized by seizures reliably triggered by specific stimuli or activities. This comprehensive literature review synthesizes current knowledge and recent advancements in understanding reflex epilepsy, shedding light on its diverse triggers, clinical manifestations, and underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. The review explores the vast array of triggers, encompassing visual stimuli, specific movements, cognitive processes, and sensory inputs, revealing the intricate interplay between external stimuli and epileptic events. Significant clinical heterogeneity is observed in reflex epilepsy, with manifestations ranging from focal motor seizures to alterations in consciousness. Advances in neuroimaging and electroencephalography have contributed valuable insights into the neurophysiological basis of reflex epilepsy, emphasizing cortical hyperexcitability and abnormalities in sensory and cognitive processing. Genetic and molecular studies have uncovered potential markers associated with reflex epilepsy, offering a glimpse into its hereditary aspects and paving the way for future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The literature underscores the psychosocial impact of reflex epilepsy on the quality of life of affected individuals, prompting the need for holistic, patient-centered care approaches.