bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lexical and Syntactic Competency through Language Camp Activities Based on Multiple Intelligence Approach
Authors: Sutthisan Sasiwimon
Published: December 2018

The attempts of the present research were 1) to investigate the students’ problems in terms of lexical and syntactic usage in Language camp prior to the implementation of the activities based on multiple intelligence approach 2) to develop the students in terms of lexical and syntactic used in Language camp and 3) to compare the students’ learning achievement in terms of lexical and syntactic used in Language camp before and after implementing the activities based on multiple intelligence approach. The research sample, obtained by a purposive sampling technique, comprised 52 third-year students enrolled in Language Camp for English Skill Development course in the 2nd semester, Academic Year 2017. The research tools used in the study comprised of pre-and post-test, activities based on Multiple Intelligence approach, and standardized interview. The obtained quantitative data were computed by means, standard deviation, percentage, and independent sample t-test whereas the content analysis was done to elicit the qualitative data. The findings indicated that the students' problems of lexical and syntactic usage were categorized into two main issues: the confusion of using vocabularies and sentences and incorrect sentence orders. The results from the comparison before and after implementing the activities based on multiple intelligence approach revealed statistically significant differences at the .01 level. The students’ achievements were considerably improved after learning through the activities based on multiple intelligence approach and could employ each lexical and syntactic category with more confidence when retaking the exam.
Digital Natives’ Behaviours and Preferences: Pre-Service Teachers Studying Accounting
Authors: Muchsini Binti , Siswandari Siswandari
Published: December 2018

Digital natives are a new cultural generation born of aggressive digital technology penetration. The rapid development of technology is influencing their learning habits and behaviours, and consequently this generation has a unique way of thinking and learning. The purpose of this research is to analyse the behaviours and preferences of digital natives through understanding their preferences in the use of technology and their cultural values, as a basic strategy for selecting learning methods. This research uses a survey method to explore the use of technology and the cultural values of digital natives on accounting courses. The cultural values referred to in this paper are Hofstede's cultural dimensions, namely power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation. The research results reveal two main findings: 1) the level of use of technology for non-academic purposes tended to be high, and the preference of the students was to use smartphones rather than fixed PCs or laptops. This suggests that lecturers must actively use technology in the classroom, thus ensuring that pre-service accountancy teaching students are themselves ready to use technology in their teaching practice; 2) analysis results of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions indicate that the students prefer learning in technological environments, informal learning structures, unlimited space and time, that they expect quick feedback, prefer teamworking, and prefer active learning rather than reading and listening. These results can be used as the basis for designing quality learning methods.
Self-Actualization Measurement on Non-English Coastal Students’ Achievement: Rasch Model Analysis
Authors: Agust Satria , Subroto Gatot , Malik Abdul
Published: December 2018

The measurement of self-actualization can assist facilitators in knowing their students’ learning achievement in English. The dynamism of high and low self-actualization through their origins will impact learning processes. Their abilities to seize the best achievement in learning correspond to their multiple talents. The objectives of this study are: (1) describing those whose self-actualization is high and who will have satisfactory achievement in learning English, and (2) deducing those whose self-actualization is low who will have poor achievement in English learning. The researcher used descriptive qualitative research which was conducted in Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji (UMRAH), located in Riau Archipelago in December 2017. The subject was the first-year intake of non-English students. The data were in the form of qualitative and quantitative taken from documents and questionnaires to learn the students’ self-actualization levels. The researchers analysed the data by using the Rasch model measurement approach. The results are: (1) Those whose self-actualization is high (60.71%) come from rural areas (36.90%), from urban areas (23.81%), female participants (47.62%), and male (13.10%). They can maximize their potential and ability to reach satisfactory achievement in learning English; and (2) Those whose self-actualization is low (38.10%), come from rural areas (17.86%), from urban areas (20.24%) female participants (33.33%), and male (4.76%). They cannot develop their potential and ability, resulting in poor achievement in learning English. As a result, the facilitators will find it easy to reflect on what should be done in their classes in the future.
Aspergillus penicillioides Speg. Implicated in Keratomycosis
Authors: MACHOWICZ-MATEJKO EULALIA , FURMAŃCZYK AGNIESZKA , ZALEWSKA EWA DOROTA
Published: December 2018

The aim of the study was mycological examination of ulcerated corneal tissues from an ophthalmic patient. Tissue fragments were analyzed on potato-glucose agar (PDA) and maltose (MA) (Difco) media using standard laboratory techniques. Cultures were identified using classical and molecular methods. Macro- and microscopic colony morphology was characteristic of fungi from the genus Aspergillus (restricted growth series), most probably Aspergillus penicillioides Speg. Molecular analysis of the following rDNA regions: ITS1, ITS2, 5.8S, 28S rDNA, LSU and β-tubulin were carried out for the isolates studied. A high level of similarity was found between sequences from certain rDNA regions, i.e. ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and LSU, what confirmed the classification of the isolates to the species A. penicillioides. The classification of our isolates to A. penicillioides species was confirmed also by the phylogenetic analysis.
Functional and Transcriptomic Characterization of a Dye-decolorizing Fungus from Taxus Rhizosphere
Authors: HAO DA CHENG , SONG SI MENG , CHENG YAN , QIN ZHI QIANG , GE GUANG BO , AN BAI LIN , XIAO PEI GEN
Published: December 2018

We isolated three laccase-producing fungus strains from Taxus rhizosphere. Myrotheium verrucaria strain DJTU-sh7 had the highest laccase activity of 216.2 U/ml, which was increased to above 300 U/ml after optimization. DJTU-sh7 had the best decolorizing effect for three classes of reactive dyes. The DJTU-sh7-containing fungal consortium displayed the robust decolorizing ability. Both color removal efficiency and chemical oxygen demand were increased in the consortium mediated biotransformation. Transcriptome changes of M. verrucaria elicited by azo dye and phenolic were quantified by the high throughput transcriptome sequencing, and the activities of the selected oxidases and reductases were determined. The possible involvement of oxidases and reductases, especially laccase, aryl alcohol oxidase, and ferric reductase in the biotransformation of dye and phenolic compounds was revealed at both transcriptomic and phenotypic levels. Revealing the transcriptomic mechanisms of fungi in dealing with organic pollutants facilitates the fine-tuned manipulation of strains in developing novel bioremediation and biodegradation strategies.
Comparison of the Photosensitivity of Biofilms of Different Genera of Cariogenic Bacteria in Tooth Slices
Authors: DARMANI HOMA , TAWALBEH KHITAM H. , AL-HIYASAT AHMAD S. , AL-AKHRAS MOHAMMAD-ALI
Published: December 2018

This study compared the outcome of photosensitization on the viability of four different cariogens in planktonic form as well as biofilms in human dentine. Photodynamic therapy was carried out with a gallium aluminium arsenide laser (670 nm wavelength) using Toluidine blue O (TBO) as the photosensitizer. Cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus salivarius and Actinomyces viscosus) were exposed to TBO and then to the laser for 1 minute in planktonic suspension. Then, tooth slices previously incubated for 24 hours with broth cultures of broth culture of the four cariogenic organisms were exposed to antimicrobial photosensitization. The control samples consisted of planktonic and sessile cells that were exposed to TBO alone, laser alone and the bacterial cells that were not treated with TBO or laser. The results showed significant reductions in the viability of S. mutans, L. casei and A. viscosus in both planktonic form (to 13%, 30%, and 55%, respectively) and sessile form hosted in dentinal tubules (to 19%, 13% and 52%, respectively), relative to the controls. S. salivarius was the least affected in planktonic (94% viability) and sessile form (86% viability). In conclusion, sensitivity to photosensitization is species-dependent and sessile biofilm cells are affected to the same extent as their planktonic counterparts.
Comparison of PCR, Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization and Blood Cultures for Detection of Bacteremia in Children and Adolescents During Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: ŹRÓDŁOWSKI TOMASZ W. , JURKIEWICZ-BADACZ DANUTA , SROKA-OLEKSIAK AGNIESZKA , SALAMON DOMINIKA , BULANDA MAŁGORZATA , GOSIEWSKI TOMASZ
Published: December 2018

The gold standard in microbiological diagnostics of bacteremia is a blood culture in automated systems. This method may take several days and has low sensitivity. New screening methods that could quickly reveal the presence of bacteria would be extremely useful. The objective of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of these methods with respect to blood cultures in the context of antibiotic therapy. Blood samples from 92 children with sepsis were analyzed. Blood cultures were carried out in standard automated systems. Subsequently, FISH (Fluorescent In-Situ Hybridization) and nested multiplex-real-time-PCR (PCR) were performed. Blood cultures, FISH and PCR yielded positive results in 18%, 39.1%, and 71.7% of samples, respectively. Significant differences were found between the results obtained through culture before and after induction of antibiotherapy: 25.5% vs. 9.7%. There was no significant difference in FISH and PCR results in relation to antibiotics. The three methods employed demonstrated significant differences in detecting bacteria effectively. Time to obtain test results for FISH and PCR averaged 4–5 hours. FISH and PCR allow to detect bacteria in blood without prior culture. These methods had high sensitivity for the detection of bacteremia regardless of antibiotherapy. They provide more timely results as compared to automated blood culture, and may be useful as rapid screening tests in sepsis.
Drug Susceptibility of Non-tuberculous Strains of Mycobacterium Isolated from Birds from Poland
Authors: LEDWOŃ ALEKSANDRA , NAPIÓRKOWSKA AGNIESZKA , AUGUSTYNOWICZ-KOPEĆ EWA , SZELESZCZUK PIOTR
Published: December 2018

Mycobacterioses are a constant problem in backyard poultry, as well as pet birds. To date, no evidence of direct transmission of atypical bacilli between humans has been demonstrated, but it cannot be ruled out that sick animals can be a source of infection for people in their environment. The aim of the study was to identify mycobacteria isolated from birds with diagnosed mycobacteriosis and to determine the susceptibility of mycobacterial isolates from these animals to antituberculous drugs most commonly used in the treatment of mycobacterial infections in humans. For drug susceptibility tests, drugs such as isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, ethambutol, ofloxacin, capreomycin, cycloserine and ethionamide were used. A high degree of drug resistance was demonstrated, particularly in Mycobacterium avium. Isolates of Mycobacterium xenopi showed a relatively good susceptibility to the drugs tested. The drug resistance of Mycobacterium genavense has not been determined, but this mycobacterium was identified in ten cases, which is the second most frequent occurrence in the cases studied.
Evaluation of Neisseria meningitidis Carriage with the Analysis of Serogroups, Genogroups and Clonal Complexes among Polish Soldiers
Authors: KORZENIEWSKI KRZYSZTOF , KONIOR MONIKA
Published: December 2018

Neisseria meningitidis is an etiological factor of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). This Gram-negative diplococcus is transmitted from person to person via droplets or through a direct physical contact with secretions of infected patients or asymptomatic carriers. The latter account for 5–10% of the general population. The aim of the study was to estimate the actual N. meningitidis carriage rate in the military environment with identification of serogroups, genogroups, sequence types and clonal complexes of the isolates detected among Polish soldiers. The study was conducted during winter seasons of 2015 and 2016 and involved 883 professional soldiers from the Armoured Brigade in Świętoszów, Poland. The material for testing were nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from study participants. The samples were tested using standard microbiological methods (culture, incubation, microscopy, biochemical and automated identification). N. meningitidis isolates were subjected to slide agglutination test (identification of serogroups), the bacterial DNA was extracted and allowed to determine genogroups, clonal complexes and sequence types. 76 soldiers were found to be carriers of N. meningitidis, they accounted for 8.6% of the study group. The meningococcal isolates mostly belonged to serogroup B. Sequence types ST-11439, ST-136, ST-1136 and the clonal complex 41/44CC were found to be predominant. Clonal complexes responsible for IMD were detected in 15.8% of carriers and 1.4% of the whole study participants. Carriage rates of N. meningitidis among Polish soldiers were found to be similar to those reported in the general population.
Detection of Coxiella burnetii and Francisella tularensis in Tissues of Wild-living Animals and in Ticks of North-west Poland
Authors: BIELAWSKA-DRÓZD AGATA , CIEŚLIK PIOTR , ŻAKOWSKA DOROTA , GŁOWACKA PATRYCJA , WLIZŁO-SKOWRONEK BOŻENA , ZIĘBA PRZEMYSŁAW , ZDUN ARKADIUSZ
Published: December 2018

This work presents results of the research on the occurrence of Coxiella burnetii and Francisella tularensis in the tissues of wild-living animals and ticks collected from Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship. The real-time PCR testing for the pathogens comprised 928 samples of animal internal organs and 1551 ticks. The presence of C. burnetii was detected in 3% of wild-living animals and in 0.45–3.45% (dependent on collection areas) of ticks. The genetic sequences of F. tularensis were present in 0.49 % of ticks (only in one location – Drawa) and were not detected in animal tissues. The results indicate respectively low proportion of animals and ticks infected with C. burnetii and F. tularensis.
Microbiology and Drug Resistance of Pathogens in Patients Hospitalized at the Nephrology Department in the South of Poland
Authors: MICHNO MIKOŁAJ , SYDOR ANTONI , WAŁASZEK MARTA , SUŁOWICZ WŁADYSŁAW
Published: December 2018

A retrospective study was conducted among 498 patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) referred to our department from January 2013 to December 2015. This study was performed to evaluate the etiology of UTI and the antibiotic susceptibility profile of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the main etiological factor in different age groups. Urine samples were examined using standard microbiological methods. Three hundred sixty-three samples (72.9%) were identified as E. coli, of which 29 (8.0%) can produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). E. coli was highly sensitive to imipenem (100.0%), gentamicin (91.0%), nitrofurantoin (89.4%), amikacin (88.2%), piperacillin/ tazobactam (87.0%) and cephalosporins (79.7–89.5%). Low sensitivity was found in relation to fluoroquinolones (60.3–70.4%). E. coli was least sensitive to ampicillin (30.2%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (49.9%). We observed a significant fall in susceptibility level to piperacillin/tazobactam (68.4% vs. 88.8%; p = 0.017), amikacin (61.1% vs. 90.7%; p = 0.001), gentamicin (70.0% vs. 93.2%; p = 0.002), cefalexin (41.2% vs. 83.3%; p < 0.001), cefotaxime (63.6% vs. 89.4%; p = 0.002), ceftazidime (61.9% vs. 85.6%; p = 0.008), cefepime (73.7% vs. 91.1%; p = 0.025), ciprofloxacin (54.1% vs. 72.2%; p = 0.024) and norfloxacin (40.5% vs. 62.5%; p = 0.011) among patients with catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) compared to those with non-CAUTI. A similar susceptibility profile was observed between different age groups. In the longevity, E. coli showed a higher sensitivity to cephalosporins than in the young-old group. E. coli susceptibility to fluoroquinolones was low, which excludes them as a first-line drug in our department. Nitrofurantoin may be used as an alternative drug to carbapenems. Monitoring of susceptibility pattern is of great importance.
JAZZ IN SERVICE OF THE STRUGGLE
Authors: Thram Diane
Published: December 2018

This article contributes to the substantial body of publications on South African jazz with information on jazz performance and performers in New Brighton, a township adjacent to Port Elizabeth noted for its vibrant jazz scene and outstanding jazz musicians. The article covers several decades from the heyday of swing bands in the 1940s–50s through the 1960s–70s when New Brighton’s premier jazz combo, the Soul Jazzmen, were at the height of their artistry. The role of swing bands in New Brighton and surrounding communities as the training ground for members of the Soul Jazzmen and other local musicians of note is discussed, as well as how the Soul Jazzmen in turn were tutors for musicians of the next generation who became widely recognized artists, composers and arrangers. This is followed by a focus on the Soul Jazzmen and compositions by its members that protested against the apartheid regime in the 1960s–70s. The article is informed by historic photographs, newspaper clippings and information from oral history interviews that richly document how jazz was performed in service of the anti-apartheid struggle in New Brighton.
GENDERED SPACE TRANSGRESSORS
Authors: Samuel Kayode
Published: December 2018

The contemporary Nigerian musical landscape occasionally becomes a site for contesting and negotiating the established ideology of Yorùbá patriarchy. These movements are evident in many women’s decisions to venture into drumming, an age-old male dominated musical profession. Informed by the theory of spatial trialectics, this article investigates gendered space in relation to dùndún drumming with a view to understanding the changing nuances of gender relations among the Yorùbá of southwestern Nigeria. Ethnographic techniques were used to generate data on Àrà and Àyánbìnrin, two well-known urban popular female dùndún performers whose aspirations and career trajectories reside outside the Àyàn lineage and spiritual tradition. Biographical accounts and lived experiences of both artists suggest that women’s agency in Yorùbá drumming is hedged by different, prevailing socioeconomic contexts, including a determination to challenge limitations to a career path and economic progress. By describing how female dùndún drumming may be regarded as a response to social and musical change, and discussing how issues of masculinity and femininity are constructed, negotiated and contested, I argue that the belief forbidding women from playing Yorùbá drums is not strictly applicable to the dùndún because the dùndún ensemble is more connected to social than religious performances.
CONTINENTAL MUSICOLOGY: DECOLONISING THE MYTH OF A SINGULAR “AFRICAN MUSIC”
Authors: Pooley Thomas Mathew
Published: December 2018

The musical identity of the African continent is sustained in the popular imagination by the idea of its unity. This identity emerges from a constellation of ideas about Africa’s distinctiveness constructed by generations of scholars who have diminished its diversity to substantiate the claim that shared principles of musical structure and function in sub-Saharan cultures can be read as ideal types for the continent as a whole. The idea of a singular “African music” is predicated on the notion that African “traditional” music of precolonial origin in sub-Saharan Africa possesses a set of distinctive features that are essential to its identity. Musical cultures as diverse as Aka, Ewe, Shona, Yoruba, and Zulu are subsumed within a singular frame of reference; others that do not possess these features are, by implication, excluded. To make sense of this myth of a singular “African music” we must reckon with the universalising impulse that sustains it. This means interrogating the discursive formations out of which it has been fashioned. Whose interests does it serve? Taking a decolonial perspective on the power dynamics that structure global south-north relations in the academy, this article points to the ways in which the north perpetuates its authority and dominance over the south by subsuming others within its cultural and intellectual ambit. Decolonising “African music” means dismantling the hegemony of “continental musicology” and the myth of a singular “African music” that is its creation.
Analysis of the approaches to evaluate environmental security of enterprises
Authors: Mashchenko Maryna
Published: December 2018

Proved that to achieve socio-economic development of state it is necessary to ensure not only invarionmental security of state, but also of enterprise. There are a sufficiently large number of methods to evaluate the economic and ecological security of enterprise and, at the same time, there aren’t any practical methods to evaluate its environmental security. This confirms the necessity to analyse this issue in a more detailed way. The aim of the article is to analyse and identify the drawbacks of existing methods to evaluate the environmental security of enterprise and develop a system of indicators for environmental security of industrial enterprises. The following research methods were used in the article: method of analysis and synthesis to determine the drawbacks of existing methods to establish the level of environmental security, the graph analytic method to build a scheme of the process to develop the system of indicators for environmental security of industrial enterprise. It is determined that the process to develop the system of indicators for environmental security of industrial enterprise is a process of successive stages of determining the purpose and tasks to diagnose the state of environmental security of industrial enterprise, to select and process the necessary information and, directly, to develop a system of indicators of environmental security of industrial enterprise. The practical significance of this study is to determine the level of environmental security of industrial enterprise as an integral indicator. Its core is a set of social and economic, technical and technological, scientific and innovative, managerial and organizational indicators which have to account the criteria related to the external and internal environment of the enterprise activity. The proposed process to develop the system of indicators for environmental security of industrial enterprise allows determining the level of environmental security.
The marketing strategy for making optimal managerial decisions by means of smart analytics
Authors: Kozlovskyi Serhii , Shaulska Larysa , Butyrskyi Andrii , Burkina Natalia , Popovskyi Yurii
Published: December 2018

The article presents a methodology for developing the marketing strategy for the adoption of optimal managerial solutions by means of smart analytics. Such issues as marketing strategy modeling methods; software products based on the integration of smart analytics; optimal choosing electro mobile and others have been considered. The main subject of the article is constructing an optimal decision-making model using a combination of classical statistical and mathematical methods and models, as well as modern information technologies including methods of smart analytics. The conceptual scheme of the effective marketing management has been created according to the structural components: information, statistical, mathematical, analytical and technological etc. The structure and main features of every component have been considered in detail. The created conceptual scheme of the effective management was demonstrated through the simple example of optimal choosing electro mobile. To investigate sales on electro mobiles Ukrainian market a set of factors has been considered. According to them the correlation and cluster analyses have been conducted. The main factors, which are the most influent for the price of electro mobile on Ukrainian market have been revealed. All considered models of electro cars have been divided onto three groups depending on the characteristics price–quality.
The inactivation of Ascaris suum eggs by short exposure to high temperatures
Authors: Naidoo D. , Appleton C. C. , Archer C. E. , Foutch G. L.
Published: December 2018

Ascaris sp. is the most prominent and resilient helminth of human health importance found in faecal sludge, making Ascaris sp. an ideal index organism for inactivation testing. Heat treatment destroys helminths, allowing for safe handling and possible reuse of sludge. Technology development focuses on rapid heating to minimize equipment size and cost. This study evaluates Ascaris suum eggs' viability with short heating time. Ascaris eggs were placed in a water bath at temperatures from 60 to 80 °C for various exposure times (5 seconds to 4 minutes) and were immediately processed and analysed via light microscopy. For all samples within these temperature and time ranges, less than 10% viable eggs were recovered. For 70, 75 and 80 °C, complete inactivation was observed for exposure time of 5 seconds and above.
Análise das concepções de profissionais da educação sobre o desenvolvimento infantil: Um estudo em creches de uma cidade da Paraíba – Brasil
Authors: Alexandrino Vanessa Da Cruz , Braz-Aquino Fabíola De Sousa
Published: December 2018

A educação infantil é um importante período do processo de aprendizado e desenvolvimento infantil e o conhecimento dos profissionais da educação é importante para mediar práticas pedagógicas que integrem os aspectos físicos, emocionais, afetivos, cognitivos e sociais da criança, considerando o seu papel ativo no meio social. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e conhecer as concepções e ações de professoras da educação infantil, monitoras e psicólogas escolares sobre o desenvolvimento infantil em uma cidade do Estado da Paraíba. Participaram deste estudo 17 professoras, 17 monitoras e quatro psicólogas escolares, que atuavam em instituições públicas de educação infantil. Estas profissionais responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e a uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria das professoras e monitoras percebe o desenvolvimento infantil a partir das atividades propostas e pelas situações de brincadeira. Por sua vez, as psicólogas relataram que o desenvolvimento infantil é um processo contínuo e que pode ser percebido através das situações de interação entre o adulto e a criança. Esse estudo reafirmou a importância da influência das concepções sobre desenvolvimento infantil nas práticas dos profissionais.
Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento infantil; Educação infantil; Psicologia escolar
As vozes e perspetivas dos aprendentes no âmbito da investigação sobre a escrita
Authors: Carvalho José António Brandão , Barbeiro Luís Filipe , Pereira Luísa Álvares , Cardoso Inês , Calil Eduardo
Published: December 2018

A perspetiva dos alunos sobre a escrita constitui o eixo que percorre transversalmente este texto, a partir do contributo de estudos desenvolvidos em Portugal, desde a década de noventa até à atualidade. Nos primeiros três estudos considerados, essa perspetiva é captada no decurso do processo de escrita, focada na resolução de problemas por parte dos alunos, ao escreverem. As metodologias assentaram na escrita colaborativa e na integração, no processo, de estratégias facilitadoras da revisão. O segundo conjunto de estudos incide sobre as representações dos alunos em relação à escrita, considerando a pluralidade de contextos, géneros, recursos, saberes e atividades que implica. Metodologicamente, estes estudos mobilizaram textos explicitadores, questionários, entrevistas, diários, notas de campo. Os resultados mostram, em relação ao processo, uma progressão que torna salientes as limitações dos níveis de escolaridade mais baixos relativamente à reformulação e revisão. Quanto à relação com a escrita, surge em evidência o contraste entre a escrita escolar e extraescolar. As implicações remetem para a consideração didática das limitações encontradas e das potencialidades de dispositivos colaborativos e outros, facilitadores do processo, ao serviço de uma relação com a escrita que abranja a diversidade de géneros e motivações, em contextos escolares e extraescolares.

Palavras-chave: Escrita; Didática da escrita; Alunos; Investigação
Formação docente em processos de mudança: Análise de uma proposta de inovação curricular em cursos de licenciatura
Authors: Keller-franco Elize , Masetto Marcos Tarciso
Published: December 2018

A recorrente denúncia de que a formação inicial não tem respondido às novas exigências do trabalho dos professores na sociedade contemporânea coloca em questão a revisão dos currículos que formam esses profissionais. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo tem como foco a análise crítica de uma organização curricular alternativa desenvolvida em cursos de licenciatura de uma universidade pública brasileira. Escolheu-se como questão orientadora investigar em que medida a proposta que vem sendo implementada nesses cursos traz referentes para inovação curricular na formação inicial de professores. Adota-se como caminho metodológico a abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa. Para obtenção dos dados privilegiou-se a análise documental. A análise dos dados compreendeu três  etapas: pré-análise; exploração do material; tratamento dos resultados obtidos e interpretação. Os dados indicam que a inovação curricular em andamento se manifesta com movimentos de mudança em um conjunto de elementos centrais e relevantes, tais como concepção e organização curricular, saberes docentes, modelos de formação, atividades práticas/estágio e metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem.
Palavras-chave: Formação inicial de professores; Inovação curricular; Licenciaturas
Educação cidadã e abandono escolar: a cidadania negada
Authors: Redon Pantoja Silvia , Vallejos Silva Natalia , Angulo Rasco José Félix
Published: December 2018

El artículo que presentamos expone las contradicciones entre la formación para la ciudadanía y el abandono escolar. La primera parte analiza las iniciativas curriculares en la política educativa chilena con respecto a la formación para la ciudadanía en la escuela desde la década del 90 hasta el año 2016. En la segunda parte, se aborda el abandono escolar en secundaria y la realidad cotidiana de los sujetos que abandonan la escuela y se sienten abandonados por ella, en contraste con el discurso curricular oficial. La vivencia de una ciudadanía negada, al no ser “parte de la parte” y no poder usufructuar del gran derecho a la educación, se visibiliza en las matrices emergentes producto del análisis del discurso de entrevistas realizadas a jóvenes en riesgo de abandono escolar en Chile (en las zonas norte, central y sur del país). 
Palabras-clave: Ciudadanía; Currículum formación ciudadana; Abandono escolar
Opção sexual ou orientação sexual? A compreensão de professores de um curso de Medicina sobre sexualidade
Authors: Yared Yalin Brizola , Melo Sônia Maria Martins de
Published: December 2018

Este artigo apresenta parte de resultados de um estudo que investigou a compreensão de docentes de um curso de Medicina sobre a dimensão humana da sexualidade para desvelar processos de educação sexual vividos numa proposta de currículo inovador. A pesquisa foi norteada pelo paradigma do materialismo histórico dialético que utiliza o método dialético para análise da realidade. Os instrumentos de coleta compreenderam questionários e entrevistas. A análise de conteúdo desvelou contradições na prática pedagógica, que representa vivências ancoradas na vertente médico-biológica somada ao paradigma da medicina científica. Como resultado, registrou-se o uso ainda constante das palavras “opção sexual”, “escolha sexual” e “homossexualismo”, o que sugere a compreensão da diversidade por abordagens biológicas, patologizantes e reducionistas. O fortalecimento da formação continuada e permanente dos docentes torna-se urgente e necessária. Contudo, as contradições também apontam para um curso vivo, dinâmico e em transição paradigmática, onde há possibilidades de se vivenciar com plenitude pedagógica processos de educação sexual numa abordagem emancipatória.
Palavras-chave: Graduação em Medicina; Currículo integrado; Formação médica; Educação sexual emancipatória; Formação de professores
Nuevos registros de arañas (Arachnida: Araneae) para la Región del Cabo, península de Baja California, México
Authors: Jiménez María Luisa , Palacios-Cardiel Carlos , Maya-Morales Julieta , Berrian James Edwin
Published: December 2018

Se dan a conocer 11 nuevos registros de arañas para la Región del Cabo, península de Baja California. Dos son nuevos registros para México (Tennesseellum gollum y Araneus illaudatus); dos géneros (Edricus y Pozonia) y siete especies son nuevos registros para Baja California Sur (Eustala emertoni, Arctosa minuta, Frontinella pyramitela, Chrysso albomaculata, Ariamnes mexicanus, Neospintharus baboquivari y Xysticus californicus). Se reconfirma a Phioponella arizonica para esta región. Se discute la distribución discontinua peninsular y la distribución discontinua peninsular-continental de estas especies.
Depredación por larva de escarabajo de agua (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) y canibalismo en Lithobates berlandieri (Anura: Ranidae) en Huatusco, Veracruz, México
Authors: Vásquez-Cruz Víctor , Reynoso-Martínez Arleth
Published: December 2018

Documentamos por primera vez, un evento depredatorio junto con canibalismo, donde dos renacuajos de Lithobates berlandieri se acercaron al cuerpo de un renacuajo mientras era depredado por la larva de ditíscido y también se alimentaron del mismo. Este caso de canibalismo sugiere una respuesta competitiva.
OTOMATİK KORİDOR HIZ KONTROLÜ’NÜN BİR EĞİTİM YERLEŞKESİNDEKİ TEKRARLI SÜRÜCÜLERDEN OLUŞAN BİR ÖRNEKLEM ÜZERİNDEKİ GÖRÜŞLER VE HIZ ETKİLERİ ÜZERİNE ANALİZİ
Authors: ILGAZ Arzu , SALTAN Mehmet
Published: December 2018

Trafikte kazalara sebep olan yüksek hız problemini çözmek için uygulanan hız denetim sistemlerinden biri olan Otomatik Koridor Hız Kontrolü, dünya çapında son derece yüksek seviyede motorize olmuş ülkelerde popülerliği artan yeni ve gelişmiş bir akıllı ulaştırma sistemi uygulamasıdır. Bu makalede bir üniversite kampüsü içindeki düşük hız limitli güzergâhlara 2013 yılında mobil olarak kurulan bu sistemin, tekrarlı (her gün kampüse gidip gelen)  sürücülerin önce/sonra dönemlerindeki hızlarına ve görüşlerine etkisini araştıran bir çalışma sunulmaktadır. Sürücülere yapılan anketlerden ise 729 adedi geçerli sayılmıştır. Titizlikle yapılan tespitlere göre; anket katılımcılarından sadece 32 adedinin önce/sonra dönemlerinin her birinde en az 8 kere sistem tarafından ortalama hızları tespit edilenler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Önce dönemine ait hızların ortalaması 38.73 km/s iken, sonra döneminde hızlar 35.13 km/s’e düşmüştür. Sürücülerin kampüste uygulanan hız limitleri hakkındaki düşünceleri sorulduğunda ise, %3.3’ü hız limitlerinin yüksek olduğunu, %56.7’si düşük olduğunu, %36.7’si ise yeterli olduğunu belirtmiştir. Ankete katılan ve ortalama hızları tespit edilen sürücülerin “cinsiyet, yaş, görev, kaza sayısı, hız sınırı hakkında düşünceler” değişkenlerine göre önce/sonra dönemlerine ait ortalama hız farklılıklarını bulmak için Bağımsız iki örnek T testi  kullanılmış “eğitim düzeyi, araç kullanma yılı, diğer aracı geçme eğilimi” değişkenlerinin önce/sonra dönemlerine ait ortalama hız farklılıklarını bulmak için ise Tek değişkenli varyans analizi yapılmıştır. Analize göre farklar anlamlı değildir. Cezai yaptırım olmaksızın ortalama hızlar anlamlı düşüş göstermiştir; fakat hız sınırlarına daha yüksek bir uyum, bir uygulama yaptırımı ile sağlanabilir. Sürücülerin kaza geçmişleri ile ortalama hızlarındaki düşüşler arasında anlamlı fark görülmemiştir.
ZIMBALAMA BOYUT ETKİSİNDE İKİNCİL DEĞİŞKENLERİN İŞLEVİ
Authors: DÖNMEZ Ahmet Abdullah
Published: December 2018

Betonarme döşemelerin zımbalama kırılmalarında boyut etkisi gözlenir. Bu
etkinin matematiksel ifadesi konusunda mühendisler arasında bir fikir birliği
bulunmamaktadır. Tartışmalar yapısal elemanların doğrusal olmayan
davranışlarının betonun kırılma yüzeyinin şeklini değiştirdiği ve böylece boyut
etkisi asimptotik eğiminin -1/2’den
saptığı konusunda yoğunlaşmıştır. Fakat normal boyuttaki betonarme yapıların
asimptotik ekstrapolasyonu bizi lineer elastik kırılma mekaniğinin geçerli
olduğu durumlara yaklaştırır. Bu çalışmada zımbalama etkisindeki elemanların
boyutlarının artması ile lineerliği bozan ikincil parametrelerin etkilerinin azaldığı
gösterilmiştir. Yapı elemanlarının boyutlarının artması ile daha gevrek
davrandığı hipotezi üzerinde durulmuş olup bu durumun sonuçları üzerinde
tartışılmıştır.
Feasibility of a Therapist-Supported, Mobile Phone–Delivered Online Intervention for Depression: Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Goldin Philippe R , Lindholm Riku , Ranta Kristian , Hilgert Outi , Helteenvuori Tiia , Raevuori Anu
Published: December 2018

Background

Depression is a very common condition that impairs functioning and is often untreated. More than 60% of the treatments for depressive disorder are administered in primary care settings by care providers who lack the time and expertise to treat depression. To address this issue, we developed Ascend, a therapist-supported, mobile phone–delivered 8-week intervention administered at the Meru Health Online Clinic in Finland.

Objective

We conducted two pilot studies to examine the feasibility of the Ascend intervention, specifically, dropout rates, daily practice, weekly group chat use, and changes in depression symptoms. We also explored whether daily practice and weekly group chat use were associated with changes in depression symptoms.

Methods

A total of 117 Finnish adults with elevated depressive symptoms enrolled in Ascend, a program that included daily cognitive behavioral and mindfulness meditation exercises delivered through a mobile phone app, anonymous group chat with other users, and chat/phone access to a licensed therapist. Eight weekly themes were delivered in a fixed, sequential format. Depression symptoms were measured at baseline, every second week during the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 4 weeks after completion of the intervention. Data were analyzed using intent-to-treat repeated-measures analysis of variance and linear regression models.

Results

For studies 1 and 2, we observed dropout rates of 27% and 15%, respectively, decreasing daily practice and group chat use, and decreased depression symptoms from baseline to immediately and 4 weeks after the intervention (P<.001). We found that both more daily practice and chat group use predicted the occurrence of fewer depressive symptoms at 4 weeks postintervention (Study 1: ∆R2=.38, P=.004 and ∆R2=.38, P=.002, respectively; Study 2: ∆R2=.16, P<.001 and ∆R2=.08, P=.002, respectively).

Conclusions

This therapist-supported, mobile phone–delivered treatment for depression is feasible and associated with reduced depression symptoms. Design features that enhance daily practice and group chat use are areas of future investigation. Validation of these results using a controlled study design is needed to establish the evidence base for the Ascend intervention.
Impact of Food Preparation Video Exposure on Online Nutrition Education in Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program Participants: Retrospective Study
Authors: Bensley Robert J , Brusk John J
Published: December 2018

Background

The impact of integrating video into health education delivery has been extensively investigated; however, the effect of integrating video on a learner’s subsequent performance in an online educational setting is rarely reported. Results of the relationship between the learner’s online video viewing and subsequent progression toward health behavior change in a self-directed online educational session are lacking.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the relationship between viewing a Health eKitchen online video and key engagement performance indicators associated with online nutrition education for women, infants, and children (WIC).

Methods

This study involved a retrospective cohort of users grouped on the basis of whether Health eKitchen exposure occurred before or after completing a nutrition education lesson. A two-sample test for equality of proportions was performed to test the difference in the likelihood of progression between the groups overall and when stratified by lesson type, which was defined by whether the lesson focused on food preparation. Welch two-sample t tests were performed to test the difference in average link depth and duration of use between groups overall and stratified by lesson type. Logistic regression was conducted to validate the impact of video viewing prior to lesson completion while controlling for lesson type and factors known to be associated with WIC key performance indicators.

Results

A greater stage of change progression was observed for both food preparation (χ2=12.6, P<.001) and non-food preparation (χ2=62.8, P<.001) lessons among early stage users who had viewed a Health eKitchen video before completing a lesson. Time spent viewing educational learning resource links within the lesson was also significantly longer for both food preparation (t=7.8, P<.001) and non-food preparation (t=2.5, P=.01) lessons. Logistic regression analysis corroborated these results while controlling for known confounding factors. The odds of user progression were nearly three times greater among those who viewed a Health eKitchen video prior to lesson completion (odds ratio=2.61; 95% CI=2.08-3.29). Type of lesson (food vs non-food preparation) was the strongest predictor of progression odds (odds ratio=3.12; 95% CI=2.47-3.95).

Conclusions

User access to a Health eKitchen video prior to completion of an online educational session had a significant impact on achieving lesson goals, regardless of the food preparation focus. This observation suggests the potential benefit of providing an application-oriented video at the onset of online nutrition education lessons.
Understanding the Function Constitution and Influence Factors on Communication for the WeChat Official Account of Top Tertiary Hospitals in China: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Shen Lining , Wang Shimin , Chen Wenqiang , Fu Qiang , Evans Richard , Lan Fuqiang , Li Wei , Xu Juan , Zhang Zhiguo
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

Widespread adoption and continued developments in mobile health care technologies have led to the improved accessibility and quality of medical services. In China, WeChat, an instant messaging and social networking app released by the company Tencent, has developed a specific type of user account called WeChat official account (WOA), which is now widely adopted by hospitals in China. It enables health care providers to connect with local citizens, allowing them to, among other actions, send regular updates through mass circulation. However, with the diversity in function provided by WOA, little is known about its major constitution as well as the influence factors on the WeChat communication index (WCI). The WCI has been widely used in social media impact ranking with various types of WeChat content to fully reflect the dissemination and coverage of tweets as well as the maturity and impact of WOA.

OBJECTIVE

There are two typical WOAs available to users, namely, WeChat subscription account (WSSA) and WeChat service account (WSVA). The biggest difference between them is the frequency of messages transmitted. This study aimed to explore the function constitution of WSVA adopted by top tertiary hospitals in China and the major contributors of the WCI score.

METHODS

A total of 681 top tertiary hospitals were selected from the Hospital Quality Monitoring System; the WOA of every top tertiary hospital was retrieved in the WeChat app. We divided core functional items of WSVAs using categorical principal component analysis. To elicit the factors that influenced the use of WSVA, quantile regression was employed to analyze the WCI score.

RESULTS

From the 668 WOAs identified, adoption of WSVAs (543/668, 81.3%) was more than that of WSSAs (125/668, 18.7%). Functional items of WSVAs were categorized into four clusters: (1) hospital introduction, (2) medical services, (3) visiting assistants, and (4) others. With regard to the influence factors on the WCI, the impact of the activity index of WSVA and the total visiting number of outpatients and emergencies on WCI were statistically significant and positive in all quantiles. However, the year of certification, the type of hospital, the year of public hospital reform, and the number of beds merely affected the WCI at some quantiles.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings are considered helpful to tertiary hospitals in developing in-depth functional items that improve patient experience. The tertiary hospitals should take full advantage of times of posting and provide high-quality tweets to meet the various needs of patients.
Extraction of Geriatric Syndromes From Electronic Health Record Clinical Notes: Assessment of Statistical Natural Language Processing Methods (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Tao , Dredze Mark , Weiner Jonathan P , Hernandez Leilani , Kimura Joe , Kharrazi Hadi
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

Geriatric syndromes in older adults are associated with adverse outcomes. However, despite being reported in clinical notes, these syndromes are often poorly captured by diagnostic codes in the structured fields of electronic health records (EHRs) or administrative records.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to automatically determine if a patient has any geriatric syndromes by mining the free text of associated EHR clinical notes. We assessed which statistical natural language processing (NLP) techniques are most effective.

METHODS

We applied conditional random fields (CRFs), a widely used machine learning algorithm, to identify each of 10 geriatric syndrome constructs in a clinical note. We assessed three sets of features and attributes for CRF operations: a base set, enhanced token, and contextual features. We trained the CRF on 3901 manually annotated notes from 85 patients, tuned the CRF on a validation set of 50 patients, and evaluated it on 50 held-out test patients. These notes were from a group of US Medicare patients over 65 years of age enrolled in a Medicare Advantage Health Maintenance Organization and cared for by a large group practice in Massachusetts.

RESULTS

A final feature set was formed through comprehensive feature ablation experiments. The final CRF model performed well at patient-level determination (macroaverage F1=0.834, microaverage F1=0.851); however, performance varied by construct. For example, at phrase-partial evaluation, the CRF model worked well on constructs such as absence of fecal control (F1=0.857) and vision impairment (F1=0.798) but poorly on malnutrition (F1=0.155), weight loss (F1=0.394), and severe urinary control issues (F1=0.532). Errors were primarily due to previously unobserved words (ie, out-of-vocabulary) and a lack of context.

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows that statistical NLP can be used to identify geriatric syndromes from EHR-extracted clinical notes. This creates new opportunities to identify patients with geriatric syndromes and study their health outcomes.