bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A importância da composição da massa asfáltica para um bom desempenho
Authors: Pereira Luanderson Teles , Nóbrega Pedro Paiva da Costa , Eiras Diego Henrique Motta , Gomes Gustavo José da Costa
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo aborda os tipos de composição asfáltica existentes e a resistência que possuem em estradas de grande movimentação. O que define a resistência de uma massa asfáltica é a qualidade de materiais empregados bem como a quantidade de todos os materiais utilizados aliados a técnicas desenvolvidas por engenheiros especializados no assunto. O asfalto tem sido o principal material cimentante utilizado na construção de rodovias e vias urbanas. Entretanto, os aumentos do número de veículos comerciais e da carga transportada por eixo, entre outros fatores, contribuem para a ruptura prematura dos pavimentos, resultando em aumento dos custos de manutenção, engarrafamentos e atrasos aos usuários. O aumento do interesse pelo desenvolvimento de materiais mais resistentes para os pavimentos rodoviários se insere no contexto da melhoria das condições das vias a partir da diminuição dos defeitos funcionais e estruturais. As deformações permanentes podem ser decorrentes das solicitações de cargas elevadas associadas a elevadas temperaturas, enquanto o alto grau de trincamento pode decorrer da fadiga dos revestimentos quando não são utilizados materiais, dosagens e projetos adequados. O transporte viário de cargas é de grande volume diário e a pavimentação malfeita com materiais de qualidade ruins aliados a uma crise de responsabilidade política em nosso país, faz com que o asfalto mal feito gere transtornos gravíssimos como acidentes e retrabalho para o setor de Obras do DNER.
Identification of Drug Binding Sites and Action Mechanisms with Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Wang Yang , Lupala Cecylia Severin , Liu Haiguang , Lin Xubo
Published: December 2018

Identifying drug binding sites and elucidating drug action mechanisms are important components
in a drug discovery process. In this review, we briefly compared three different approaches (sequence-
based methods, structure-based methods and probe-based molecular dynamics (MD) methods)
to identifying drug binding sites, and concluded that probe-based MD methods are much more advantageous
in dealing with flexible target macromolecules and digging out druggable macromolecule conformations
for subsequent drug screening. The applications of MD simulation to studying drug-target
interactions were demonstrated with different types of target molecules, including lipid membrane, protein
and DNA. The results indicate that MD simulations with enhanced sampling methods provide a
powerful tool to determine free energy profiles/surfaces and identify important intermediate states,
which are essential for the elucidation of drug action mechanisms. The future development of methods
in MD simulations will benefit and speed up the drug discovery processes.
Correlation Between Insulin Levels and Thyroid Hormones in Diabetic Animals After Caffeine Consumption Associated with Exercise
Authors: da Silva Luiz Augusto , Wouk Jéssica , Weber Vinícius Müller Reis , de Almeida Pablo , Martins Julio C.L. , Malfatti Carlos R.M. , Osiecki Raul
Published: December 2018

Introduction:

Thyroid hormones (TH) are important determinants of glucose homeostasis,
and in contrast, insulin is the first hormone responsible for glycemic control.

Objective:

The objective of the present study was to correlate the levels of insulin and thyroid hormones
in diabetic animals after caffeine consumption associated with physical exercise.

Methods:

A total of 48 animals, 60 days old were allocated in eight experimental groups: Control,
Diabetic, Exercise, Diabetes + exercise, Caffeine, Diabetes + Caffeine, Caffeine + Exercise, and Diabetes
+ Exercise + Caffeine. Diabetes model was induced by intraperitoneal administration of 120
mg/kg of alloxan. On the test day, 6 mg/kg of caffeine was administrated 30 minutes before physical
exercise. After, animals performed a 60 minutes’ session of predominantly aerobic exercise, using an
overload of 6% of their body’s weight. Blood has been collected by a caudal puncture to future insulin,
TSH, T3, and T4 analyses.

Results:

After caffeine treatment and training, insulin values were higher for the control groups
(231%) when compared to the diabetic groups. A significant increase in plasmatic insulin concentration
was found in caffeine group (95%) and Exercise+Caffeine group (56%) when compared to Control
and Exercise groups. TSH values were increased for Diabetes, Diabetes+Caffeine and Diabetes+
Exercise+Caffeine groups (30%) compared to the other groups. A reduction in T4 values occurred
in the animals of groups Diabetes+Exercise and Diabetes +Caffeine (66%) compared to the
Control group. T3 values were significantly increased for the Diabetes+Exercise group (70%) when
compared to the Diabetes+Exercise+Caffeine group.

Conclusion:

Physical exercise and caffeine consumption were able to promote hormonal changes in
diabetic animals after 30 days of training. The study showed a reduction in the serum concentration
of thyroid hormones, but insulin levels were higher.
The Tolerant Immune System: Biological Significance and Clinical Implications of T Cell Tolerance
Authors: Magrone Thea , Jirillo Emilio
Published: December 2018

Background:

T cell tolerance both at thymic and peripheral levels is a mechanism of protection
finalized to eradicate autoreactive T cell clones and/or to maintain immune homeostasis, especially,
postnatally. Central tolerance occurs in the thymic medulla via a mechanism of negative selection
which leads to the eradication of autoreactive T cell clones.

Mechanisms of Action:

Such a tolerogenic event relies on Fas-mediated apoptosis of autoreactive T
cell clones operated by thymic dendritic cells (DCs), on the one hand. On the other hand, activated
thymic T regulatory (Treg) cells in cooperation with medullary thymic epithelial cells and DCs suppress
autoreactive T cell clones. Peripherally, different types of Treg cells exert the so-called peripheral
tolerance towards autoreactive T cell clones which may have escaped from negative selection
mechanisms. At the same time, peripheral Treg cells activated by tolerogenic DC have antiinflammatory
activities, especially in the intestine towards food and microbial antigens.

Drug Targeting:

Various natural and dietary products, such as vitamins (A, C, D), lactobacilli and
polyphenols will be described for their tolerogenic capacity to attenuate the inflammatory pathway, as
observed in preclinical and clinical studies.
The Inhibitory Role of M2000 (β-D-Mannuronic Acid) on Expression of Toll-like Receptor 2 and 4 in HT29 Cell Line
Authors: Sharifi Laleh , Moshiri Mona , Dallal Mohammad M.S. , Asgardoon Mohammad H. , Nourizadeh Maryam , Bokaie Saied , Mirshafiey Abbas
Published: December 2018

Background/Objectives:

Anti-inflammatory agents play a crucial role in controlling inflammatory
diseases such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) but their use is restricted due to their vast
side effects. M2000 (β-D-mannuronic acid) is a new immunomodulatory drug. According to the capacity
of M2000 in suppressing some molecules involved in Toll Like Receptors (TLRs) signaling and
reducing oxidative stress we hypothesize that, this molecule may have a potential role in decreasing
inflammatory responses in IBD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of M2000 and its
effect on the gene expression of TLR2 and TLR4.

Methods:

HEK293 cell line was grown and divided into 96-well cell plate and MTT assay was performed.
HT29 cells were cultured and treated with low and high doses of M2000. Total RNA was extracted
and cDNA synthesized and quantitative real-time PCR was done to quantify the TLR2 and
TLR4 mRNA expression.

Results:

We found that M2000 at the concentration of ≤ 1000µg/ml had no obvious cytotoxicity effect
on the HEK293 cells. Also, low and high doses of M2000 could significantly down-regulate both TLR2
and TLR4 mRNA expression. Moreover, a significant reduction in gene expression of TLR2 and TLR4
in an inflammatory condition resulted in high doses of M2000 in the presence of LPS.

Conclusion:

Our study which was conducted in colonic epithelial cell model, shows that M2000 can be
considered as a new anti-inflammatory agent in IBD. However, more comprehensive experimental and
clinical studies are required to recognize the molecular mechanism of M2000 and also its safety and
efficacy.
Exploring the Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells During Normothermic Organ Perfusion: A New Paradigm to Enhance Outcome Following Allograft Transplantation
Authors: Morsy Mohamed , Hossain Mohammad Ayaz , Bagul Atul
Published: December 2018

Background:

Normothermic Machine Perfusion (NMP) has been established in the field of solid organ transplantation for both liver and kidney allografts. The ability to perfuse organs at body temperature enables viability assessment as well as optimisation prior to implantation.

Discussion:

A recent in vitro report of the use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in the use of a normothermic lung perfusion circuit has raised the possibility of their use in solid organ transplantation. The aim of this short review is to outline the potential uses of bone marrow derived MSCs for their use in renal allograft ex vivo NMP. An overview is provided of current literature of NMP as well as theorised uses for MSCs.
Baker’s Yeast-Based Organocatalysis: Applications in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Sahoo Biswa Mohan , Banik Bimal Krishna
Published: December 2018

Background:

Catalyst speeds up any chemical reaction without changing the point of the
equilibrium. Catalysis process plays a key role in organic synthesis to produce new organic compounds.
Similarly, organocatalysis is a type of chemical catalysis in which the rate of a reaction is
accelerated by organic catalysts.

Methods:

Organocatalysts have gained significant utility in organic reactions due to their less of sensitivity
towards moisture, readily available, economic, large chiral pool and low toxicity as compared
to metal catalysts. Organocatalysts work via both formations of covalent bonds such as enamine and
iminium catalysis as well as through non-covalent interactions such as in hydrogen bonding. For example,
Bakers’ yeast based organocatalysis is widely used in various organic transformations.

Results:

Baker’s yeast is a fermentation product and used mainly in the preparation of bread dough.
It is produced by aerobic fermentation of yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Baker's yeast consists
of enzymes which can reduce a carbonyl group into a hydroxyl group with high yield and thereby
making it suitable for biotransformations in organic synthesis.

Conclusion:

Baker's yeast is widely used as a biocatalyst in various organic reactions such as oxidation,
reduction, condensation, hydrolysis, cyclization, etc. because it is readily available, inexpensive
and easy to handle.
Penguatan Peran Warga Masyarakat Dalam Perencanaan, Penganggaran, dan Evaluasi Hasil Pembangunan Desa
Authors: Susetiawan Susetiawan , Mulyono DC , Roniardian Muhammad Yunan
Published: December 2018

Law No. 6 of 2014 mandates that village development planning should be implemented in a participatory manner, involving all communities including vulnerable groups (minorities, disabled, women, poor). It is so that the development undertaken by the village really beneficial to all villagers in the village. However, to date, most villages in Indonesia are still unable to implement the mandate of the Act. There are villages that carry out elitist development planning, fully undertaken by the village administration without the involvement of the community. There are also villages that have tried to involve the community, through musrenbangdes mechanism, but unfortunately not all community components are invited in the musrenbangdes. The impact of development planning that has not been participatory is that village development can not be felt by all levels of society. Meanwhile, village development can not be said to succeed if there are still some people who have not been able to feel the benefits. As one of the efforts to realize the participatory village development planning, PSPK UGM conducts training on planning, budgeting and evalauasi of village development results in Jomboran Village. The activity involves representatives from all components of the village community (community members, administrators of social organizations, and village government), and through this training it is hoped that in the future village development planning can be implemented in a participatory manner so that the results of the builders can be felt by all citizens.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Nongsa Dengan Pembelajaran Penentuan Daerah Penangkapan Ikan Berbasis Teknologi Dibidang Kelautan
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Zainuddin , Anurogo Wenang , Pamungkas Daniel Sutopo
Published: December 2018

Keterbatasan teknologi di bidang kelautan merupakan masalah besar yang dimiliki setiap daerah pesisir di Indonesia. Dengan melihat penurunan tingkat pendapatan di daerah Kota Batam dan secara keseluruhannya adalah di Pulau Batam, maka teknologi adalah jawaban untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan masyarakat Pantai Bale-bale, Nongsa, Batam mengenai penentuan dan pemetaan daerah penangkapan ikan (DPI), hak kekayaan intelektual (Lokasi Penangkapan Ikan), serta pengembangan bahan ajar (buku ajar) di kampus Politeknik Negeri Batam. Masyarakat bermatapencaharian nelayan di Pantai Bale-bale, Nongsa, Batam ini sudah mampu mengoperasikan GPS Map 585 dan alat deteksi kedalaman instrumen Side Scan Sonar untuk mendeteksi dan menyimpan data lokasi yang terdapat banyak ikan. Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa partisipasi masyarakat di daerah Bale-Bale khususnya remaja yang mempunyai jiwa muda dan terampil, merupakan faktor kunci yang sangat menentukan keberhasilan proses pemanfaatan teknologi di bidang kelautan untuk menduga stok ikan dan membantu meningkatkan tingkat efisiensi dalam proses melaut.
TEKNOLOGI TEPAT GUNA PADA INDUK KAMBING MELALUI PENERAPAN BREEDING CENTER DAN FLUSHING DI SENTRA PETERNAKAN RAKYAT KEBON WULANGREH, DESA KARANGDUKUH, KLATEN
Authors: Atmoko Bayu Andri , Budisatria I Gede Suparta , Ngadiyono Nono , Aryanti Febri
Published: December 2018

Goat farms in Karangdukuh are still traditionally maintained in the yard of the house and grazed in the fields. The scale of ownership and the spread of the farm location make estrous detection so difficult, the absence of superior buck leads to a genetic quality degradation. The concept of breeding center is the provision of superior buck and mating house in one location. to support the increase of the does performance need for improvement of feed during in the breeding center, namely flushing. The partners of community engagement are farmers at Sentra Peternak Rakyat Kebon Wulangreh in Karangdukuh, Jogonalan, Klaten. It was done from April to October 2017. Activities began with socialization, followed by community learning and then was done the empowerment of farmers for built a breeding center was consisting of mating house, pasture, arteis well and electrical installation. The breeding center concept was applied after complete. Breeding center is a simple solution for estrous detecting and limitation of superior buck, more controlled does health, improvement for genetic quality and does performance, so that kids crop can be increases and finally impact on the farmer prosperity. Enggagement activities already done on target and get very postive responses. Farmers have doing together to build a breeding center area and have been used. They are able to make flushing and will be continued independently.Keywords: breeding center, flushing, kids crops, appropriate technology, goat
Penerapan Metode Integrasi Teileren-Poject pada Program Inovasi IPTEK dan Kreativitas Guru-Guru Elektronika Industri di SMKN 9 Kabupaten Garut dalam Kegiatan Workshop Aplikasi Mikrokontroller
Authors: Herdiana Budi , Aria Muhammad , Rahajoeningroem Tri , Kurniawan Bobi , Utama Jana , Hartono Budi
Published: December 2018

Success of workshop activities in community programs can be seen from the results of these activities which are able to improve students' skills to implement their knowledge that had been obtained previously. This program was done at SMKN 9 aimed at providing innovation and enhancing the creativity of teachers' skills in the field of microcontroller systems. Therefore the ability to understand microcontroller system requires supporting facilities such as hardware and software devices than also require a comprehensive and systematic of learning process. The alternative solution to problem is done by collaborating teileren method and project method simultaneously where learning subject is focused on the workshop material step by step before applying it. The expectation from this program is that teachers can get used to and have the ability to design microcontroller systems that can be applied as teaching materials and curriculum development. The accomplishment of this workshop can be measured by pre-test evaluation which shows value >65% and post-test results which shows an average value of  >70% with an average index of teacher capacity improvement based on final evaluation >60% compared to the previous test scores.
Analysis of the Style and Characteristic of Zhao Jiping’s Film Score
Authors: Ding Yue , Huang Shiyi
Published: December 2018

Zhao Jiping is a famous contemporary Chinese composer. In his film music creation, he pays great attention to the grasp and application of national style. Besides, he is renowned for his bold and advanced artistic conception, organic combination with film pictures as well as strong psychological shock brought to the audiences. All of these form the unique artistic charm of Zhao Jiping’s film music.
CORRELATION OF (PRO)RENIN RECEPTOR AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR EXPRESSION LEVEL IN THIRD TRIMESTER OF PREECLAMPSIA PLACENTAS
Authors: Marissa Nelly , A Jusman Sri Widia , Purwosunu Yuditiya , Prijanti Ani Retno
Published: December 2018

Objective: This cross-sectional study was designed to correlate the expression of mRNA and protein of (pro)renin receptor ([P]RR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene in preeclampsia placentas.Methods: We used 34 placenta tissues of normal pregnancy and 34 preeclampsia placenta tissues. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure relative expression of VEGF and (P)RR mRNAs, and protein concentration was measured using Sandwich ELISA technique.Results: VEGF mRNA relative expression of preeclampsia placenta was 2.83 times higher than the normal placenta (p=0.02). (P)RR mRNA relative expression on preeclampsia placenta was 1.7 times higher than the normal one (p=0.039). Expression of protein (P)RR and VEGF was lower on preeclampsia shown by p<0.05, R=0.441. From this research, it was considered that low protein of (P)RR and VEGF contributes to preeclampsia.Conclusion: There was a correlation between (P)RR and VEGF. It considers that there is any involvement of (P)RR on angiogenesis through VEGF expression in preeclampsia placenta.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY TO ANALYSE THE SIDE EFFECTS OF OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL AND ENALAPRIL IN HYPERTENSIVE SUBJECTS
Authors: Singh Parminderpal , Kiranjit Kiranjit
Published: December 2018

Objective: The present study was aimed to analyze the side effects of olmesartan medoxomil and enalapril in hypertensive subjects.Methods: The study consisted of newly diagnosed hypertension categorized according to 7th report of Joint National Commission on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. The subjects were divided into two groups. The Group A subjects received olmesartan, and Group B subjects received enalapril. Pressure was recorded both in supine and sitting positions. The appearance of side effects was observed in the follow-up, i.e., dry cough, headache, postural hypotension, angioedema, dizziness, skin rashes, taste alterations, and urticaria. A statistical data were prepared on the basis of information obtained and analyzed thoroughly for antihypertensive effects and side effects of olmesartan and enalapril. SPSS software was used for analysis.Results: There was observed an increase in the incidence of taste alteration with drug therapy in Group B (Enalapril). There was observed an increase in the incidence of postural hypotension with drug therapy in both groups. In Group A (Olmesartan), the incidence of postural hypotension at the beginning of trial, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks was 0%, 2%, and 2%, respectively. In Group A (Olmesartan), there was no incidence of a headache at the beginning of trial, at 4 weeks and 8 weeks.Conclusion: From the study, it can be concluded that both olmesartan and enalapril are effective in Stage I and Stage II hypertension, but olmesartan is tolerated well with lesser side effects.
REVIEW: A RECENT REVIEW IN APPLICATIONS OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT
Authors: D Mohanambal , G Sridevi , Antony S Arul , R Angayarkani
Published: December 2018

A wide development in the field of multidrug resistance in antimicrobial activity which enhance the search for development of new medicinal drugs with high potential. Schiff base heterocyclic metal complex with imine moiety, act as important antimicrobial agents due to their versatile properties such as chelation, adaptability of fine structure for a specific biological action, and chemotheraptic drugs. Schiff base compounds derived from various heterocyclic platforms have been competently reviewed.
THE EFFECTS OF GENTAMICIN-IMPREGNATED COLLAGEN SPONGE VERSUS GENTAMICIN-IMPREGNATED POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE BEADS IN PATIENTS WITH OSTEOMYELITIS
Authors: Arief Atan Ahmad , Bajuri Mohd Yazid , Ali Abdul Muhaimin , Rehir Rasyidah , Abd Rashid Ahmad Fazly
Published: December 2018

Objective: The usage of antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads is regarded as the gold standard for local antibiotic delivery. However, the relatively new antibiotic-impregnated collagen sponge has multiple advantages over it. The objective of this study is to compare the measurable effects between gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge and gentamicin-impregnated (PMMA) beads in patients with osteomyelitis.Methods: This is a case–control study which involved 60 patients who were diagnosed with osteomyelitis between January 2014 and June 2015, and underwent first surgical debridement with application of either gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge (n=28) or gentamicin-impregnated PMMA beads (n=32). The numbers of debridement, trend of blood parameters, duration of hospitalization, and total duration of systemic antibiotic therapy needed to be completed were reviewed from the patients’ file.Results: A total of 53 patients of 60 were diagnosed with osteomyelitis of the lower limbs, while the remaining seven were involving the upper limbs. The gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge group has significant lower reoperative rate (p<0.05) and also significant reduction of total white cell count in 6 weeks (p<0.05). The two groups showed no statistical difference in regard of duration of hospital admission, duration of systemic antibiotic therapy completed, and the reduction of C-reactive protein at 6 weeks post-debridement.Conclusion: This study reiterates the efficacy of gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge that results in lower reoperative rate as compared to conventional gentamicin-impregnated PMMA beads.
DRUG UTILIZATION STUDY IN POST-OPERATIVE PATIENTS IN THE SURGERY WARD OF A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SOUTH INDIA
Authors: Arshad Mohammad , M Raghunandan , Chavan Vasant R , Fayazuddin Mohd
Published: December 2018

Objectives: Pharmacotherapy with multiple agents before, during, and after surgery is marked in the present day indoor hospital setting. The main objective of our research is to evaluate the prescribing and drug utilization patterns using the World Health Organization (WHO) indicators in post-operative patients in the surgery ward of Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS) teaching hospital - Raichur, which will help us to use the medicines rationally and decrease the adverse effects in surgical patients.Methods: A retrospective study was done on post-operative patients of surgery ward in RIMS teaching hospital - Raichur. A total of 574 patients prescriptions/case record forms were collected over a period of 15 months from January 2015 to March 2016 from the medical record section of the hospital for analysis and rationalization. We analyzed the data using the various drug use indicators given by the WHO.Results: The average number of drugs per encounter was 7.04. Ranitidine, analgesics, antibiotics, and intravenous fluids accounted for majority of the drugs prescribed. Appendicectomy (34.84%) was most commonly performed surgical procedure. Percentage of encounters in which an antibiotic prescribed was 99.8%. Percentage of encounters with an injection prescribed was 100%. Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was 43.93%. Percentage of drugs prescribed from National List of Essential Medicines 2015 was 99.3%.Conclusion: Our study gave us an in general pattern about the use of drugs in post-operative patients in the surgical ward of a tertiary care hospital. Widespread polypharmacy, particularly in case of the antibiotics, lack of generic prescribing are some concerns that need to be addressed to conform to rational drug therapy. However, prescribing according to the national essential list of medicines is good in our study.
TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA OF TESTIS GERMINAL CELL IN GUINEA PIG (CAVIA PORCELLUS) AFTER EXPOSURE TO METHANOL EXTRACT OF THE SEEDS OF BITTER MELON (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA) AND DEPOT MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE
Authors: Ilyas Syafruddin , Hutahaean Salomo , Nursal Nursal
Published: December 2018

Objective: The discovery of male contraceptive drugs continues to be pursued, due to the very small participation of men associated with the lack of contraceptiveÐptions for men. The combination of methanol extract of bitter melon seed and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) becomes the choice that currently being pursued to be applied to men.Methods: The use of guinea pigs as experimental animals conducted research using experimental methods with complete randomized design. The study was divided into four control groups i.e K0; dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for 0 week (4 h),K1; Control group of DMSO for 4 weeks, K2; Control group of DMSO for 8 weeks, K3; Control group of DMSO for 12 weeks, and four treatment groups, i.e: group P0; bitter melon seed extract of 50 mg/100g body weight/day for 0 week (4 h), group P1; Bitter melon seed extract of 50 mg/100g BW/day for 4 weeks+DMPA, group P2; Bitter melon seed extract of 50 mg/100g BW/day for 8 weeks+DMPA, P3 group; Bitter melon seed extract of 50 mg/100g BW/day for 12 weeks+DMPA.Results: There was a significant effect (p<0.05) methanol extract of bitter melon seed to increase the transforming growth factor expression -β expression.Conclusion: The methanol extract of bitter melon seed was able to be candidate for herbal contraception.
IBRUTINIB IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Durga Ts Sree , K Pavithran , Devi P Uma
Published: December 2018

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a diverse group of lymphoid neoplasms, the prevalence of which has increased over the past few decades. NHL is diverse in the manner of presentation, response to various treatment and prognosis. The current case report describes a 40-year-old man who was diagnosed with small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia in 2006. The patient had disease progression during the course of 10 years from the time of diagnosis for which he received multiple lines of chemotherapy (chlorambucil/prednisolone; rituximab/cyclophosphamide/ fludarabine; bendamustine/rituximab; and ofatumumab). However, in 2016, his disease again showed signs of progression, and hence he was started on ibrutinib 140 mg 3 times daily. After treatment with ibrutinib, there were no clinical nodes and hepatosplenomegaly, and all counts also normalized. Since the commencement of this agent, no disease progression was observed for almost 16 months. However, in July 2017, again disease progression occurred, and the patient was started on with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (COP) regimen. He received one cycle of COP regimen and continued on treatment with ibrutinib, and the treatment was well tolerated. In December 2017, he expired due to the progression of the disease. Ibrutinib, a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, appears to be safe and effective in providing long-term disease control even in refractory cases of NHL.
THE PHYSIOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF GALACTOMANNAN EDIBLE FILM OF ARENGA PINNATA INCORPORATED WITH ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ESSENTIAL OIL
Authors: Br Tarigan Juliati , Nainggolan Irwana , Kaban Jamaran
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the incorporation of Zingiber officinale essential (ZOE) oil onto galactomannan from Arenga pinnata (GAP) matrix and determined the antibacterial activity of the edible films (EF).Methods: EF was obtained from the incorporation of GAP (0.5, 0.9, or 1.3 g) with ZOE (0.5 or 1 g) using glycerol (0.6 g) and monoglycerol oleic (0.2 g) as a plasticizer.Results: The thickness of the films increased with the increase of GAP and ZOE oil. However, the tensile strength and water permeability decreased in the fourth EF when the ZOE oil was increased. The maximum value of tensile strength and modulus elongation was obtained with the ratio of GAP to ZOE oil at 0.9, 0.5, 4.502 MPa, and 0.0633 MPa, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed that the interaction occurred between GAP and ZOE oil. The EFs showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the highest activity in the third EF. The total bacteria amount in a colony decreased until the 5th day compared with the control. Furthermore, the third EF could inhibit oxygen migration with a respiratory quotient of 7.71.Conclusions: This study revealed that EFs from GAP and ZOE could be prepared and have antibacterial activity against several pathogenic bacteria.
MORINDA COREIA HAS AN ANTI-HELICOBACTER PYLORI EFFECT AGAINST THE MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT CLINICAL ISOLATE OF NORTH-EAST INDIA
Authors: Mahant Shweta , Gehlot Valentina , Hoda Shanu , Vijayaraghavan Pooja , W Selvamurthy , N Thirumurthy , Das Rajashree
Published: December 2018

Objective: Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem in Helicobacter pylori eradication which is a microaerophilic bacterium causing various gastroduodenal diseases. The present study has been designed to test the efficacy of Morinda coreia against the metronidazole clarithromycin and levofloxacin-resistant H. pylori strains isolated from the biopsy taken from the patient suffering from gastric erosion in Guwahati, Assam.Method: The antimicrobial activity of n-hexane and chloroform extract of M. coreia was tested against multidrug-resistant H. pylori isolate of Guwahati, Assam, by agar well method and microdilution method.Result: In the present study, the H. pylori strain resistant for metronidazole (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] >64 μg/mL), clarithromycin at (MIC >0.5 μg/mL), and levofloxacin at (MIC >1 μg/mL) was tested against the n-hexane and chloroform extract of M. coreia. Both the extracts of M. coreia showed good efficacy against the multidrug-resistant strain of H. pylori shown inhibition at 1.2 μg/mL with n-hexane extract and 2 μg/mL with chloroform extract of M. coreia. Conclusion: The prevalence of metronidazole-resistant ranges between 50% and 90% in the developing countries, including India, clarithromycin ranges from 0% to 15% in India, and levofloxacin ranges between 50% and 70% in India, so there is a need of alternative therapy for the eradication of this bacterium from the stomach. Hence, this study suggests that M. coreia, which has been used traditionally as a folk medicine for the treatment of many gastric diseases, has also shown good efficacy against the multidrug-resistant H. pylori strain of North-east India.
PLACKETT–BURMAN DESIGN AS A TOOL FOR SCREENING AND PROCESS OPTIMIZATION OF RIVASTIGMINE-LOADED LIPID NANOCARRIERS
Authors: Anand Anubhav , Singh Gyanendra , A Saraf Shubhini
Published: December 2018

Objective: Plackett–Burman experimental design is used to identify the most important factors early in the experimentation phase when complete knowledge about the system is usually unavailable. The objective of this study was to screen out the most important factors affecting the size and entrapment efficiency of rivastigmine hydrogen tartrate (RHT) nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs).Methods: The RHT-loaded NLC was prepared by the modified solvent emulsification-diffusion method. The independent variables selected for Plackett–Burman design were drug: lipid ratio, solid lipid/liquid lipid (S/L) ratio, concentration Ryoto sugar ester (%w/v), the concentration of poloxamer 188 (%w/v), sonication time (min), sonication amplitude, and stirring time (h).Results: The R2 value for the particle size equation was 86.16%. p value was (<0.05) 0.048 in case of sonication time. In case of entrapment efficiency, the R2 value was 87.12%. The p value (p<0.05) for S/L ratio and the Ryoto sugar (% w/v) was 0.028 and 0.042, respectively.Conclusion: It can be concluded that sonication time has a significant effect on particle size, whereas S/L ratio and Ryoto sugar ester concentration have a significant effect on entrapment efficiency.
BIOACTIVITY SCREENING OF SELECTED TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL PLANTS OF KERALA
Authors: Alphons Baby Alby , Raphael K Regi
Published: December 2018

Objectives: Traditional medicines all over the world is revaluing nowadays by extensive research programs. To validate the traditional use, the active components in them need to be identified, characterized, and biologically evaluated. Stereospermum suaveolens, Hygrophila spinosa, and Naravelia zeylanica are important medicinal plants used by the ethnic people of Kerala against various ailments. The present study validates the ethnomedical uses of S. suaveolens, H. spinosa, and N. zeylanica by screening their antimicrobial, anthelmintic, and antioxidant properties.Method: All the analyses were done according to standard protocols.Results: The ethanolic extracts of their useful parts were investigated for antimicrobial activity against 10 human pathogenic microorganisms. All the three plants had shown prominent antimicrobial activities, and S. suaveolens exhibits comparatively more antifungal activity in their higher concentration (500 μg/mL). Anthelmintic efficiency of the plants was screened using Indian adult earthworm Pheretima posthuma. All of them had shown significant activity, and the highest was observed in S. suaveolens leaves. Antioxidant potential of the plants was screened using 2,2 diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and superoxide anion scavenging assay. In DPPH free radical scavenging assay, maximum radical scavenging was shown by S. suaveolens with IC50 value 61.6±2.3 μg/mL, and in superoxide anion scavenging assay, maximum activity was in N. zeylanica with IC50 value of 74.66±8.5 μg/mL.Conclusion: This study provides scientific evidence on the traditional use of S. suaveolens (leaves), H. spinosa (leaves), and N. zeylanica (aerial part) in treating microbial diseases, worm disturbances, and their potential as an antioxidant agent.
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF CYTOTOXIC AND GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF PLANT EXTRACTS FROM NOTHAPODYTES FOETIDA (WIGHT) SLEUMER (FAMILY: ICACINACEAE)
Authors: D Datkhile Kailas , P Durgawale Pratik , N Patil Madhavi
Published: December 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of aqueous and methanolic extracts of the aerial parts of Nothapodytes foetida (Wight) Sleumer plant.Methods: The cytotoxic effects of aqueous and methanol extract of leaves and stem bark on cell viability of HeLa, MCF7, and HCT-15 cell lines was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay. We also confirmed the genotoxic effects of plant extracts through DNA fragmentation in cancer cells and expression pattern of apoptotic genes including p53 and caspase-3 analyzed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting techniques.Results: The present study revealed that, when plant extract was tested for cytotoxic activity, the data obtained from cell viability results of HeLa and MCF7 cells revealed that methanol extract of leaves and stem bark exhibited a range of significant cytotoxic activities in a dose-dependent manner varying from 2.5 to 25 μg/mL, whereas an aqueous extract of leaves and stem bark showed decreased cell viability with an increase in the concentration of both the extracts from 5 to 50 μg/mL.Conclusion: These results indicated that the crude extract aerial parts of N. foetida plant contain promising substances having a potential as cytotoxic agent.
KNOWLEDGE OF THE DISEASE AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN MUMBAI, INDIA
Authors: Pahuja Vimal , Fernandes Genevie , Chatterjee Nilesh
Published: December 2018

Objective: An estimated 72 million in India live with diabetes; the country faces an impending health-care crisis with prevalence and complications of diabetes forecasted to multiply in the next decade. Improving patients’ knowledge about diabetes to manage the disease better is an urgent and important public health goal.Methods: Knowledge about diabetes, its complications, and management was surveyed using a structured questionnaire among 167 Type 2 diabetes patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India.Results: None of the participants had ever received any formal diabetes self-management education previously. Respondents’ mean and median correct knowledge scores were 20 of 32 test items. Although majority answered statements about blood sugar levels and complications, there was lack of knowledge about the causes and management of diabetes. Around 82% stated that medication was more important than dietary intake and physical activity in managing diabetes. A multiple regression model showed that postgraduate or graduate level education, not being married, having two or less children, and visiting a doctor 1–3 times a year (as compared to more than three visits) was independently associated with higher diabetes knowledge scores (*p<0.05) in this sample.Conclusion: An information disparity exists between patients who have higher levels of education versus those with lesser education. Future research will have to examine the mechanisms by which higher education contributes to better knowledge, and facilitate the design of diabetes education programs that bridge information gaps and improve required competencies in patients to better manage their condition.
ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING ETOPOSIDE USING ALBINO RATS AS EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODEL
Authors: T Ayyappan , S Shanmugam
Published: December 2018

Objective: Etoposide is a potent anticancer drug and a major limiting factor that hinders therapeutic use as its high levels of systemic circulation often associated with various off-target effects, particularly cardiotoxicity. The present study focuses on the evaluation of the anticancer activity of optimized etoposide nanoparticles compared with marketed etoposide formulation in experimental animal models.Methods: Albino rats (180–200 g) were used for the study. The anticancer effect of the formulated etoposide nanoparticles was evaluated by induction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The animals housed in cages and kept on a 12 h light/dark cycle. Following the acclimatization for 1 week, HCC will be induced in rats by adding 100 mg/L of diethylnitrosamine (DENA) in drinking water for 8 weeks. Drug treatment (etoposide [9 mg/kg] in 0.5 % carboxymethyl cellulose; p.o.) can be started at the end of 1 week after cancer induction and dose of 9 mg/kg of etoposide and lyophilized nanoparticles will be administered through oral route on 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Nanoformulations were evaluated in healthy rats, and anticancer activity was studied in DENA treated rats.Results: The results showed that the polymeric nanoparticles containing etoposide was screened for its anticancer activity by counting the liver nodules of rats with hematoxylin and eosin stain when comparing control and etoposide-treated group.Conclusion: The results of the study concluded that in rats treated with nanoformulations, the numbers of liver nodules were found to be significantly reduced.
NEPHROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS AGAINST CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY AND RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS
Authors: Av Yadav , Cd Upasani
Published: December 2018

Objective: The current study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of standardized hydroalcoholic extract of Asparagus racemosus (AR) against cisplatin (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats.Methods: AR extract was administered orally at three dose levels (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). Vitamin E (250 mg/kg) was used as a standard nephroprotective agent. The kidney function test (estimation of serum creatinine, albumin, and blood urea nitrogen [BUN]), oxidative stress study (estimation of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde [MDA] activity), and histological examination of kidneys were conducted.Results: The efficacy of AR was compared with CP-treated group. Serum creatinine and BUN were significantly (p<0.001) elevated in CP-treated group compared to control group. Hydroalcoholic extract of AR (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and Vitamin E (250 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.001) decreased the serum creatinine and BUN levels. CP exhibited significant (p<0.001) decrease in albumin when compared to control. Significant (p<0.001) increase in the serum albumin level was found in extract-treated group compared to CP group. Significant (p<0.001) decrease in activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was observed in the CP group as compared to control. AR (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.01) increased SOD levels. AR (400 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.001) increased SOD levels. AR (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.001) decreased MDA levels as compared to CP group. Histopathological examination of the kidneys showed that AR markedly ameliorated CP-induced renal tubular necrosis. Extract was found effective at all doses, although high dose (400 mg/kg) was found to be more effective and comparable with standard group (Vitamin E 250 mg/kg).Conclusion: The present investigation revealed that AR resulted in dose-dependent attenuation of CP-induced renal damage in rats.
CARBAMAZEPINE-INDUCED TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Alexander Sherin , Santhu Devayani , T Narendran , Mariam Joshua Julie , Vijayan Meenu , Thomas Jacob
Published: December 2018

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a life-threatening dermatological disorder characterized by erythematous lesions, necrosis, exfoliation, sepsis, and death. This may be due to different reasons such as chemical exposure, systemic infections, or some reactions of drugs such as carbamazepine, phenytoin, allopurinol, lamotrigine, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In this case, the patient was on carbamazepine for the management of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Moreover, this might be the reason for the occurrence of TEN. For his condition, he had given corticosteroids, antibiotics for sepsis, and other supportive measures.
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF RHIZOME EXTRACTS OF CURCUMA LONGA (LINN.)
Authors: Pandey Jyoti , Mishra Suman , Jaiswal Kamal
Published: December 2018

Objective: The current study was carried out to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of the rhizome extract of Curcuma longa as an alternative source of effective remedies for nematodiasis.Methods: The anthelmintic activity of the C. longa was assessed in vitro against Haemonchus spp., a gastrointestinal (abomasum) parasite of goats. Different concentrations of the extracts (1 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were tested, and the results expressed in terms of time of paralysis (minute) and time of death (minute) of the worms. Albendazole (1 mg/mL) was used as a reference (positive control) and PBS as a control group (negative control).Results: The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract (ME) of the plant disclosed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenol, anthraquinone, and carbohydrates; whereas, the aqueous extract (AE) showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrate, flavonoids, and saponins. Both ME and AE of the C. longa (rhizome) expressed significant efficacy (p≤0.05) in causing paralysis as well as the death of the worms within 12 h of exposure at all tested concentrations, as compared to the negative control. The rhizome extracts of C. longa showed dose-dependent efficacy in causing paralysis of the worm motility and the final progression to death. The results showed that the ME at 10 mg/mL was significantly more potent (p≤0.05) over the AE.Conclusions: This study concluded that the rhizome extract of C. longa exhibited potent anthelmintic efficacy against the nematode parasite, Haemonchus spp.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF 22’DICHLOROHYDROBENZOIN
Authors: B Thanuja , Kanagam Charles
Published: December 2018

Objective: The objective of this work to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of synthesized 22’dichlorohydrobenzoin (22’CD) a new organic crystal.Methods: 22’CD a new organic crystal was grown by vapor diffusion method. Single crystals of 22’CD have been subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis to estimate the lattice parameters and the space group. The molecular structure was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral analyses. Optical behavior and thermal stability of the crystal were determined using UV-Vis spectroscopy and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis curves. In the present study, antimicrobial activity of 22’CD was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis was evaluated by agar well diffusion method.Results: Antibacterial activity of 22’CD was analyzed with ciprofloxacin and miconazole standard and tested against E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella paratyphi, Klebsiella pneumonia’s, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus progenies, and B. subtilis.Conclusion: The 22’CD was found to be effective against E. coli and B. subtitles.