bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pancreatitis as a Main Consequence of APOC2-Related Hypertriglyceridemia: The Role of Nonsense and Frameshift Variants
Authors: Rabbani Bahareh , Moghadam Mohadeseh Aghli , Esmaeili Shiva , Rabbani Amirhassan , Akbari Bahman , Mahdieh Nejat
Published: May 2024

APOC2-related hypertriglyceridemia occurs due to biallelic variants of this gene. Here, genotype-phenotype architecture of all pathogenic APOC2 variants is investigated among heterozygous and homozygous individuals. Clinical heterogeneity of various types of the variants is also described, and pancreatitis in more than half of homozygotes carrying chain-termination variants is highlighted as well. For this study, patients were selected who had a plasma triglyceride level above 250 mg/dL. The coding and intronic regions of the APOC2 gene were amplified using the Sanger sequencing to investigate the presence of variants. The genotypes, lipid profiles, and detailed clinical features were documented for all APOC2-related patients and heterozygous individuals. Pathogenicity of the variants was predicted and categorized using available bioinformatics tools such as MutationTaster and PolyPhen-2 and ACMG criteria. MetaDome and Phyre2 were applied for structural and functional in silico analyses. 40% (12 out of 30) of APOC2 variants were chain-termination (nonsense and frameshift) variants. These types of variants were determined in 60.53% of patients. 55% of these patients showed pancreatitis followed by lipemia retinalis (29%), abdominal pain (24%), hepatosplenomegaly (24%), and xanthomas (18%). The mean age of onset was about 22 years old. In at least 50% of 38 homozygous individuals, the TG level was more than 2000 mg/dL. More than 25% of heterozygous individuals showed at least one symptom. Pancreatitis and a severe form of HTG were found in 5 and 2% of heterozygous individuals, respectively. The main clinical features of APOC2-related hypertriglyceridemia include pancreatitis, lipemia retinalis, abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, and xanthomas. Nonsense and frameshift homozygous variants usually lead to a severe form of hypertriglyceridemia. Pancreatitis is one of the main consequences of these types of mutations; thus, it is important to consider this point when evaluating asymptomatic individuals. Heterozygous individuals may become symptomatic due to the role of unknown modifying agent including environmental genetic factors.
Molecular Epidemiology of Human Norovirus Variants from Outbreaks in Zhejiang Province, China, during 2021
Authors: Sun Yi , Yuan Yongjuan , Mao Haiyan , Su Lingxuan , Ge Qiong , Gao Jian , Xu Changping , Gong Liming
Published: May 2024

Background. Noroviruses are the most frequent cause of epidemic acute viral gastroenteritis in China. Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreaks and the molecular genetic features of norovirus in Zhejiang Province during 2021. Methods. First, the local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the outbreak area conducted on-site epidemiologic investigations and collected samples from ill patients for initial testing. The general epidemiologic characteristics of the demographic information are presented through descriptive analysis. Positive samples were sent to the Microbiology Laboratory of Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention for further verification. The presence of norovirus genogroups I (GI) and II (GII), along with sapovirus, was detected. Subsequently, the specimens positive for norovirus were sequenced for genotyping purposes. Furthermore, the whole genomes of positive samples were sequenced, enabling the characterization of both nucleotide and amino acid differences within the virus. Finally, phylogenetic trees were constructed to further analyze and understand the genetic relationships among the detected viruses. Result. 227 norovirus outbreaks were reported in Zhejiang Province, China, during 2021. Schools were the main setting while January was the peak month for outbreaks. A total of 17 diverse genotypes of norovirus were identified in 2021, and GII.P16-GII.2 was the most frequent genotype (30.19%). Seven genomes (five GI.P4-GI.5 and two GII.P16-GII.2) were obtained. Although GI.P4-GI.5 is considered to be a rare genotype of norovirus, the prevalence might have been underestimated. Capsid microvariation of GII.2 displayed histo-blood group antigen binding patterns compared to the GII.2 prototype, although VP1 sequences were considered to have a minimal impact on antigenicity. Conclusion. This study revealed the diversity of norovirus strains’ genotypes circulating in Zhejiang Province in 2021. Continued molecular surveillance of noroviruses should be strengthened in our further efforts to the development of vaccines.
Long-Term Effects of a 6-Week Power-Based Resistance Training and Fast Walking Interval Training Program on Physical Function, Muscle Power, Disability, and Frailty in Pre-Frail and Frail Older Adults
Authors: Baltasar-Fernandez Ivan , Soto-Paniagua Hector , Alcazar Julian , Uceta Espinosa María Isabel , Alegre Luis M. , Gracía-García Francisco José , Ara Ignacio , Alfaro Acha Ana , Losa-Reyna José
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Concurrent training has been shown to be a beneficial approach to improve overall health status in older adults. However, little is known about the adaptations of this type of training in the long term (i.e., after cessation of exercise), even less in older people affected by frailty syndrome. Therefore, this study aimed (i) to assess the effects of a 6-week concurrent training program composed of power-oriented resistance training and fast walking interval training on physical function, muscle power, disability in activities of daily living and frailty in pre-frail and frail older people, and (ii) to assess the effects of a 6-month detraining period on these outcomes. Methods: A total of 59 pre-frail and frail older adults (>75 years old; Frailty Phenotype >1) were allocated into intervention (INT; n = 32; 81.8 years; 21 women) or control (CON; n = 27; 82.5 years; 19 women) groups. Primary outcomes of this study were Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), relative sit-to-stand (STS) power, Barthel index, Lawton scale and Frailty Phenotype. Assessments were performed at baseline (PRE), after the concurrent training programme (POST) and after 6 months of follow-up (DET) in both groups. Mixed model repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc tests was used. Results: Immediately after the intervention (∆ = POST-PRE), INT improved SPPB (∆ = 3.0 points; p < 0.001), relative STS power (∆ = 0.87 W·kg−1; p < 0.001) and reduced their frailty levels (∆ = −1.42 criteria; p < 0.001), while no changes were observed in CON. After 6 months of detraining (∆ = DET-PRE), INT showed higher SPPB (∆ = 2.2 points; p < 0.001), higher relative STS power (∆ = 0.73 W·kg−1; p < 0.001) and lower frailty (∆ = −1.24 criteria; p < 0.001) values than those reported at baseline, which were significantly different than those reported by CON. Both, Barthel index and Lawton scale values were not modified during the study in either group. Conclusions: The 6-week concurrent training program improved physical function, muscle power and reduced frailty in pre-frail and frail older people and these improvements were maintained above baseline levels after 6 months of detraining. However, due to the individual variability found, future studies of long-term responders versus non-responders in frail populations are required.
Efficacy and Safety of Cannabis Transdermal Patch for Alleviating Psoriasis Symptoms: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (CanPatch).
Authors: Sermsaksasithorn Pim , Asawanonda Pravit , Phutrakool Phanupong , Ondee Thunnicha , Chariyavilaskul Pajaree , Payungporn Sunchai , Pongpirul Krit , Hirankarn Nattiya
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Current topical treatments for psoriasis offer limited efficacy and are associated with long-term adverse effects in a subset of patients, highlighting the need for new therapeutic options. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid derived from Cannabis sativa L., has shown potential in reversing psoriasis pathology through its action on skin receptors in preclinical studies. Given the promising properties of CBD, transdermal patches containing this compound represent a novel approach to psoriasis treatment. However, comprehensive data on their efficacy and safety remain scarce.
Methods: We outline a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of CBD transdermal patches with minimal tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in 60 patients with mild to moderate plaque-type psoriasis at a university hospital in Thailand (n=60). This study aims to evaluate the changes in the Local Psoriasis Severity Index (LPSI), itch score via a visual analog scale, and occurrence of adverse events on day 0, 30, 60, and 90 of the study. Additionally, we will examine the alteration in the skin, gut, and oral microbiome in a subset of participants to explore potential correlations with treatment outcomes. The primary outcome will focus on the difference in LPSI scores at the end of the study period, employing an intention-to-treat analysis. Multivariate logistic regression will be used to identify baseline clinical and microbiological predictors of treatment response.
Conclusion: This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of cannabidiol transdermal patches in alleviating the symptoms of psoriasis. The results of this study may highlight a novel topical treatment option that reduces suffering in patients with psoriasis. We also designed to provide a holistic evaluation by considering both clinical outcomes and the underlying biological mechanisms, including the interaction with the human microbiome. Through this trial, we aim to contribute valuable insights into personalized psoriasis management strategies.
Statistical Analysis Plan for the INTEnsive Ambulance-Delivered Blood Pressure Reduction in Hyper-ACute Stroke Trial
Authors: Billot Laurent , Chen Chen , Song Lili , Lin Yapeng , Liu Feifeng , Chen Xiaoying , Arima Hisatomi , Bath Philip M. , Ford Gary A. , Robinson Thompson G. , Sandset Else Charlotte , Saver Jeffrey L. , Sprigg Nikola , van der Worp H. Bart , Yang Jie , Li Gang , Anderson Craig S. ,   on behalf of the INTERACT4 Investigators
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Recruitment is complete in the fourth INTEnsive ambulance-delivered blood pressure Reduction in hyper-ACute stroke Trial (INTERACT4), a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint assessed trial of prehospital blood pressure (BP) lowering initiated in the ambulance for patients with a suspected acute stroke and elevated BP in China. According to the registered and published trial protocol and developed by the blinded trial Steering Committee and Operations team, this manuscript outlines a detailed statistical analysis plan for the trial prior to database lock. Methods: Patients were randomized (1:1) to intensive (target systolic BP 130–140 mm Hg within 30 min) or guideline-recommended BP management (BP lowering only considered if systolic BP >220 mm Hg) group. Primary outcome is an ordinal analysis of the full range of scores on the modified Rankin scale at 90 days. A modified sample size of 2,320 was estimated to provide 90% power to detect a 22% reduction in the odds (common odds ratio of 0.78) of a worse functional outcome using ordinal logistic regression, on the assumption of 5% patients with missing outcome and 6% patients with a stroke mimic. Conclusion: The statistical analysis plan for the trial has been developed to ensure transparent, verifiable, and prespecified analysis and to avoid potential bias in the evaluation of the trial intervention.
China's role growth of the brazilian economy: a counterfactual analysis of the export-led growth hypothesis
Authors: Vieira Edson Roberto , Xavier Clésio Lourenço
Published: May 2024

Este trabalho testa a hipótese do export-led growth para o Brasil e veri- fica se o resultado tem relação com o crescimento das exportações do país para a China. Foi realizada uma análise contrafactual pelo método de controle sintético para estudos comparativos e procedidas as aplicações dos testes de cointegração de Johansen e de causalidade de Granger. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que a evolução das exportações domésticas nos anos recentes está relacionada com as importações de produtos brasileiros pela China e que o crescimento econômico do Brasil já era liderado pelas exportações antes mesmo de o país asiático se tornar seu principal mercado.
Current account balance and the real exchange rate: the Brazilian case in the last two decades
Authors: Alves Denisard C. O. , Fava Vera L. , Silber Simão D.
Published: May 2024

Este estudo analisa a existência de um equilíbrio de longo prazo entre a taxa real de câmbio e a conta de transações correntes do balanço de pagamentos. Foi aplicado um modelo estrutural para entender a relação entre o déficit em transações correntes, taxa real de câmbio, renda nacional e comércio mundial. Assim, foi possível testar a relação de longo prazo entre essas variáveis, bem como os efeitos do desequilíbrio de curto prazo no déficit em conta corrente. A parte empírica aplica a metodologia de Johansen com o objetivo de encontrar as relações de cointegração entre as variáveis mencionadas. Esta análise permite separar a relação de longo prazo da dinâmica de curto prazo, de modo a permitir o entendimento do impacto de choques no equilíbrio dessas variáveis.
Plano Real: do sucesso ao impasse
Authors: Belluzzo Luiz Gonzaga
Published: May 2024

Este artigo trata inicialmente do colapso cambial e da crise monetária e sua influência nas experiências inflacionárias mundiais após 1979. Analisa a seguir a grande dependência da estabilização durante o Plano Real em relação aos financiamentos externos. Uma análise crítica da política de âncora cambial seguida no Brasil após 1994 e então incorporada ao texto. Argumenta-se sobre a inconsistência desta política cambial e da política monetária contracionista de juros altos.
O Brasil depois do Plano Real
Authors: Batista Junior Paulo Nogueira
Published: May 2024

Four years after its inception, an overall assessment of the Real Plan reveals ambiguous and paradoxical results. Great success in terms of disinflation was achieved without the deep changes in the fiscal-monetary regime that many considered indispensable for the stabilization of the Brazilian currency. However, a persistent overvaluation of the exchange rate and an acceleration of import liberalization produced large external deficits and rapid growth in the country's international liabilities. Moreover, lax fiscal policy and high domestic interest rates led to an increase in government deficits and short term internal public debt. As a result, the Brazilian economy became financially vulnerable and highly dependent on the availability of foreign resources. The consolidation of monetary stability and a return to sustained economic growth rates require a solution for the public sector’s financial problems and, particularly, the removal of the structural disequilibrium in the external accounts.
O desequilíbrio externo e a taxa de câmbio
Authors: Almonacid Ruben D. , Scrimini Gabriel
Published: May 2024

O artigo possui duas partes. A primeira calcula qual seria o ajuste no dólar necessário para trazer o déficit em transações correntes no Brasil de 4,5% do PIB para 2,5% do PIB. Se isso fosse feito sem alterar o nível de atividade, seria necessária uma desvalorização do real entre 12,3% e 18,63%. Se se quisesse evitar a desvalorização mas cortar a atividade econômica, a renda deveria cair entre 11,5% e 14,88%. Para ao mesmo tempo recuperar o nível de pleno emprego e gerar o mesmo resultado no setor externo a desvalorização deveria ser de 18,5% a 28,56%. A segunda parte analisa criticamente a estratégia de política cambial seguida depois de 13.01.99 e tenta avaliar as consequências para a taxa de câmbio de equilíbrio para cinco possíveis cenários internacionais. O ajuste cambial médio varia de 23,36% para o cenário mais favorável a 99,56% para o menos favorável. O trabalho termina com uma análise comparativa entre os sistemas de câmbio livre, flutuação suja, currency board e dolarização.
Occupation mismatch in Brazilian Metropolitan Areas: comparing immigrants and natives
Authors: Gama Luiz Carlos Day , Hermeto Ana , Mendes Philipe Scherrer
Published: May 2024

We aim to study the role of labor market mismatch in the context of international migration. Mismatch employment occurs when high-skill workers are employed in occupations that do not need such education and vice versa. The results show: i) undereducation is on average lower among immigrants, while overeducation is higher among immigrants; ii) immigrants are more likely to be employed than natives; iii) mismatch is important in explaining wages; iv) there are differences in occupational mismatch effects; v) the immigrant’s place of origin is not important to explain occupation status but it is very important to explain differences in wages.
How much to trim? A methodology for calculating core inflation, with an application for Brazil
Authors: Picchetti Paulo , Toledo Celso
Published: May 2024

O conceito de núcleo da inflação tem ocupado um papel central nas discussões envolvendo políticas macroeconômicas. A despeito disso, nenhuma medida consensual deste conceito existe até agora. Neste artigo, propomos a aplicação da metodologia estatística baseada em médias aparadas, onde o tamanho da apara é baseado em uma referência proporcionada por modelos de componentes estocásticos comuns, os quais acreditamos captar a essência do conceito de nucleo da inflação. Estas medidas são aplicadas ao IPC-FIPE e ao IPCA-IBGE, dois dos principais índices de preços ao consumidor no Brasil, e comentamos os resultados.
A efetividade da educação superior a distância no Brasil - o caso das licenciaturas
Authors: Marques Felipe César , Cunha Marina Silva da
Published: May 2024

A pesquisa analisa a efetividade dos cursos de licenciatura na modalidade de educação a distância e do Sistema Universidade Aberta do Brasil, adotando como variável de resultado o desempenho dos alunos no Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes de 2017. Para viabilizar a criação dos resultados contrafactuais, são utilizadas diferentes técnicas baseadas nos escores de propensão. Os resultados da pesquisa variam, essencialmente, entre impactos negativos ou nulos, a depender do curso em consideração. No entanto, a maior parte dos alunos da educação a distância está concentrada em cursos cujo desempenho é inferior ao do ensino presencial, especialmente em Pedagogia.
“De um lado armas, do outro, palavras”: apontamentos sobre a relação entre a literatura e a história em Os sobreviventes da noite, de Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa
Authors: Souza Ubiratã
Published: May 2024

A partir de uma análise das configurações estéticas do romance Os sobreviventes da noite (2008), de Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa, é possível perceber certa estrutura persistente, o aqui chamado presente dependente, que se relaciona com a urgência em narrar uma multiplicidade de histórias, que, se analisada em relação às tendências hegemônicas e centralizadoras do tenso ambiente político da guerra pós-independência em Moçambique, surgem como uma estratégia estética de resistência.
De fantasia e vingança- "Um muito humano Fabiano"
Authors: Barros Luzia Carvalho
Published: May 2024

Buscando perscrutar o interior do protagonista de Vidas Secas, de Graciliano Ramos, analisaremos as noites descritas no romance, iluminadas por velas ou fogueiras, cuja luz se reflete no interior da personagem, levando-a à reflexão. O percurso do protagonista para reaver sua dignidade, após a prisão, levando-o a querer ser um cangaceiro, é analisado com base nas concepções de banditismo de Eric Hobsbawm e na relação entre fome e banditismo entendida por Josué de Castro. Lembrando que, na busca da superação, a entrada para o mundo do crime é uma possibilidade humana em cenários de crise de abastecimento.
Two new critically endangered species of Vellozia (Velloziaceae) from the Campos Rupestres of Espinhaço Range, Brazil
Authors: MAGRI R.A. , CABRAL A. , PRADO J. , LOPES J.C.
Published: May 2024

Two new narrowly distributed species of Vellozia (Velloziaceae) are described, illustrated, and a preliminary status of conservation was assessed, Vellozia flavida Mello-Silva ex Magri and V. formosa Mello-Silva ex Magri. Both species occur in the municipality of Monte Azul, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in the Campos Rupestres vegetation. Vellozia flavida is closely related to V. luteola and both are easily recognized by having yellow perianth, an uncommon character in the genus. Vellozia flavida however is distinguished by the high number of stamens (22) and the presence of capitate hypanthial emergences, whereas V. luteola has 15 stamens and subulate hypanthial emergences. Vellozia formosa is morphologically related to V. nanuzae, showing similar habits, however, it is distinguished by the leaf blades covered with long emergences on both surfaces vs. glabrous in V. nanuzae. Due to the narrow distribution of V. flavida and V. formosa and threats to their habitat such as mining and livestock industries, they were considered as critically endangered (CR) according to IUCN criteria.
Three new Mesoamerican species of Magnolia (M. sect. Talauma, Magnoliaceae) from the Chimalapas-Uxpanapa region, Mexico
Authors: VÁZQUEZ-GARCÍA J. ANTONIO , PADILLA-LEPE JESÚS , GALLARDO-YOBAL SERGIO , RODRÍGUEZ-PÉREZ CIRO , GARCÍA-ESCOBAR ALAN , MUÑIZ-CASTRO MIGUEL Á.
Published: May 2024

Three new species of Magnolia from lowland tropical rain forests of south-eastern Mexico are described and illustrated: Magnolia chimalapana, M. heribertoi and M. uxpanapana. We contrast these with morphologically similar species. The three new species are endemic to the Chimalapas region and are evaluated as critically endangered (CR). A map of published Magnolia species from the Chimalapas-Uxpanapa region and key for the Mexican species of M. section Talauma are also provided.
Integrating Stability Maintenance into Comprehensive Governance: The Burgeoning “Safe China” Behemoth
Authors: Trevaskes Susan , Lin Delia
Published: May 2024

This article examines the Xi Jinping–era stability maintenance behemoth called “Safe China.” Safe China is a regime of activities that integrates “public order” policing and surveillance with “social governance.” It is linked to the Chinese Communist Party’s “Overall National Security Outlook” and its main task is “political security.” Our analysis of Safe China recognizes integration as its main animating principle. Three elements of Safe China—its ideological rationale, its on-the-ground public order and social governance mechanisms, and the party’s absolute leadership over its operation at the grassroots—are conducive to this integration process. Ultimately, through Safe China, the party is seeking to modernize its own governance capacity and embed its leadership more fully into grassroots society, to ensure long-lasting “peace and safety,” not only for the nation but for itself.
Effects of regulating emotional expression on authenticity and likeability in stranger dyads
Authors: Birg Jessica A. , English Tammy
Published: May 2024

The present study compares effects of expressive suppression to a less researched form of expression-focused emotion regulation (namely, amplification) in terms of impact on authenticity and socioemotional outcomes. We expected amplification to result in more positive outcomes than suppression because of its role in facilitating communication. Participants ( N = 306) formed 153 previously unacquainted dyads and were randomly assigned to a suppression of expression, amplification of expression, or control condition. After discussing recent personal negative events, participants reported their subjective authenticity, emotional experience, and impressions of their partner. Results revealed that suppressors felt less authentic compared to amplifiers and participants in the control condition. Partners’ perceptions of authenticity, however, did not differ across conditions, and only suppressors were rated as less likeable than those in the control condition. Consistent with prior work, amplification was unrelated to change in emotional experience, while suppression predicted decreased positive emotions from before to after the interaction. Building on prior work, these findings support the notion that expressive suppression can lead to interpersonal costs that hinder relationship formation, even though the inauthenticity suppression creates may largely go undetected by others. In contrast, amplification may serve as a relatively more adaptive expression-based strategy, at least in the context of non-close interactions.
Intentional Homicides and Alcohol Abuse in Lithuania
Authors: Černevičiūtė Sigita , Dobryninas Aleksandras , Stumbrys Daumantas
Published: May 2024

The aim of the present study is to examine the links between high intentional homicide rates and alcohol abuse in the context of social transition in Lithuania. According to the extant literature, both the increase in homicide rates and the increase in alcohol abuse have a negative impact on public health and are often associated with challenges at the macrosocial level. In recent decades, Lithuania has experienced substantial political, economic, and social transformations. Lithuanian society has transitioned from a Soviet regime to embrace the Western principles of liberal democracy. Yet, despite positive political and economic progress, Lithuania remains a country with one of the highest homicide and alcohol-related harm rates in the European Union. These characteristics have made the Lithuanian homicide situation a captivating topic for a range of international and national studies, expert analyses, and evaluations. Unfortunately, the lack of reliable and consistent data on homicide continues to obstruct researchers from delving deeper into the analysis and explanation of the homicide phenomenon in Lithuania. To mitigate this issue, in this work, we present thoroughly collected and processed historical data on intentional homicide trends from 1961 to 2022. We also examine changes in the rate of homicide suspects, including their socio-demographic characteristics and alcohol intoxication for the 2004–2022 period. Finally, we investigate changes in homicide mortality rates and homicide victims’ socio-demographic characteristics. Our analyses are based on data sourced from the Lithuanian Special Archives, as well as national and international databases of crime statistics and demographic data. We noted a continuous decline in intentional homicide rates after the steep increase in 1989–1994. Furthermore, between 2004 and 2022, more than half of intentional homicide suspects were under the influence of alcohol. These findings are discussed in the broader context of societal changes in Lithuania.
Challenges Reported by Family and Friend Caregivers to Older Adults in the Saskatchewan Caregiver Experience Study
Authors: Hall Steven , Rohatinsky Noelle , Holtslander Lorraine , Peacock Shelley
Published: May 2024

The Saskatchewan Caregiver Experience Study sought to map the experiences of family and friend caregivers of older adults in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. This study aimed to capture the lived experiences of these caregivers through a qualitative survey in June and July of 2022. This manuscript analyzes responses from 354 participants to the question: “What is the most challenging aspect of being a caregiver?” An inductive content analysis approach was taken to analyze the data. We identified key challenges related to caregiving in Saskatchewan, Canada, including exhaustion, balancing personal life, navigating complex systems, self-doubt, and caregiving from a distance. Participants emphasized the need for targeted support and interventions to assist them in their caregiving role. Participants’ experiences reflect a need for more supportive measures in healthcare and policy, especially considering the unique demographic and geographic context of Saskatchewan. A paradigm shift is needed toward supporting caregivers to allow older adults to age in place, rather than relying on institutions and care facilities. In the global context, these findings align with the need for culturally sensitive and region-specific support systems, addressing the universal aspects of caregiving.
Reducing Reactance to Ads by Voice Assistants: The Role of Ad Customization, Ad Personalization, and Privacy Customization
Authors: Snyder Eugene Cho , Sundar S. Shyam , Lee Jae-Gil
Published: May 2024

Voice assistants are adopted widely, but they have proven challenging for advertisers because persuasive communication via this new medium has evoked negative user reactions. As a potential solution, this study examines four information tailoring techniques that may reduce ad reactance by affording more control to users: ad customization, overt ad personalization, voice deletion, and voice recognition. To do so, a 16-condition full-factorial experiment was conducted, using a voice-assistant app developed for this study (N = 405). Ad customization reduced ad reactance via increased sense of control and decreased threat to freedom, but only when accompanied by covert (rather than overt) ad personalization. When voice deletion was offered, the presence (or absence) of both ad customization and voice recognition led to lower ad reactance. On the other hand, when voice deletion was not offered, ad customization tended to decrease ad reactance regardless of the presence of voice recognition. Theoretically, the findings highlight the role of control afforded by customization as a precursor to reactance reduction by alleviating threat to freedom. Practically, the findings inform ways to secure the positive effects of ad customization, by employing more transparent and effective personalization and privacy features.
A love letter to drag
Authors: Farrell Andrew
Published: May 2024

Drag as an enduring artform has reached the masses through the hit reality television show RuPaul’s Drag Race (2009–2024). This article explores an intimate reflection on the series through the lens of a queer Aboriginal person who is both a fan and practitioner of the art of drag. Beyond the scope of niche fandoms at queer margins, this letter points to the violent and liberatory entanglements generated by the mainstreaming of drag.
Coding Indigenous culture as post-traumatic stress disorder: an ethical dilemma
Authors: Byers Lisa G
Published: May 2024

This autoethnography explored an ethical dilemma for an Indigenous investigator involved in a study of adult Indigenous boarding school survivors. As research team members coded post-traumatic stress disorder for an interview, the author was at an ethical crossroads that involved betrayal, stigma, oppression, and within-group diversity. The author deemed that the interview was an expression of culturally sanctioned behavior versus mental illness. The author had been taught not to discuss the cultural experience portrayed in the interview with outsiders based on stigma and oppression within American society. Intersectionality provides the framework to understand this ethical dilemma and provides tools that can assist future Indigenous researchers involved in the study of their own people.
Freezing for ‘unlove’: Declining fertility, heterosexual partnering and conflicting subjectivities among women pursuing social egg freezing in their 30s in Norway
Authors: Førde Kristin Engh
Published: May 2024

This article discusses so-called social egg freezing among women in Norway. The women, single and in their thirties, link the desire to freeze their eggs to challenges with heterosexual partnering and the lingering threat of becoming ‘desperate’ due to presumed declining fertility. I show that ‘desperation’ stands for impulses, desires, priorities and strategies, which are in conflict with an ideal feminine subjectivity – the ‘strong independent woman’ – who is gender equal, autonomous, rational and self-regulating. At the same time, normative coupledom based on ‘true love’ remains at the heart of the women’s idea of an optimal way of life. Drawing on feminist sociologist Eva Ilouz’ theorisation of the effects of late capitalism on heterosexual dynamics and relationships, I show how egg freezing is pursued in order to retain and improve one’s ability for what Illouz calls ‘unlove’: to avoid and escape substandard relationships and prioritise autonomy and self-empowerment over a desire for attachment. I contend that, although in some cases (and/or for some time) experienced as empowering and an enhancement of gender equality, egg freezing remains an individualised, and largely ineffective, response to conflicts and dilemmas stemming from gendered paradoxes of late capitalist intimate normativity, where norms of ‘true love’ coupledom come into conflict with an ideal subjectivity of radical autonomy. ‘Freezing for unlove’, thus, also highlights the ambiguous effects of an individualist neoliberal feminism, which fails to adequately address material gender differences, and to problematise adjustment to a male norm as a strategy for gender equality.
Exploring gastronomic experiences: Tourists’ emotions, quality of life and behavioural intentions
Authors: Moreno-Lobato Ana , Di-Clemente Elide , Campón-Cerro Ana-María , Pasaco-González Bábara-Sofía
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to approach the tourists’ affective-cognitive process in a gastronomy tourism experience, splitting experience assessment into sensorial and intellectual realms. Analysing the experiential outcomes associated with quality of life and emotional arousal and highlighting the relevance of future intentions toward the experience and the tasted gastronomic product. An empirical approach was developed. A total of 180 face-to-face questionnaires have been collected form tourists during a cheese fair. Partial least squares-structural equation modelling is used for data analysis. The results confirm the relevance of sensorial elements over intellectual ones in this kind of experiences, being both determining factors of quality of life and emotional arousal. This process leads and encourages positive behavioural intentions toward similar experiences. This study is among the first to highlight and explore the effect of specific experience’s realms and emotions on quality of life and the results of this assessment process on behavioural results, focused both toward the experience and the tasted product, in the context of gastronomic events.
Long-term Outcome Comparison of 2 Techniques for Embolization of Splenic Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Troisi Nicola , Bertagna Giulia , Tomei Francesca , Adami Daniele , Cioni Roberto , Perrone Orsola , Juszczak Maciej , Berchiolli Raffaella
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

The aim of the study is to analyze our single-center experience in endovascular treatment of splenic artery aneurysms (SAAs) with transcatheter coil embolization, comparing long-term outcomes of packing and sandwich techniques.

Materials and Methods:

Between January 2010 and December 2021, 28 patients with certain diagnosis of non-ruptured asymptomatic SAA were treated with 2 different embolization techniques (packing, n=10, and sandwich, n=18). Early outcomes assessed were technical success, overall mortality, mean hospital stay, post-embolization syndrome rate, and freedom from splenectomy rate. Estimated 5-year outcomes in terms of freedom from sac reperfusion, and freedom from reintervention were evaluated and compared between the 2 different embolization techniques.

Results:

The mean SAA diameter was 2.8±0.8 cm. Overall technical success rate was 100%. Intraoperative and 30-day mortality rates were 0 in both groups. One patient in the sandwich group required a postoperative splenectomy. The mean follow-up period was 58.3±44.5 months. Estimated overall 5-year survival was 86.7%. Five-year freedom from sac reperfusion was 100% in the sandwich group, and 85.7% in the packing group, with no difference between the 2 groups (p=0.131), whereas freedom from reintervention was 100% in the sandwich group, and 75% in the packing group with a statistically significant difference (p=0.049; log-rank=3.750).

Conclusions:

Embolization of SAAs seemed to be safe and effective with 100% of technical success rate and good perioperative results. Both sandwich and packing techniques yielded promising results also in the long-term period.

Clinical Impact

Transcatheter coil embolization of splenic artery aneurysms seems to be a safe and effective procedure with a 100% technical success and satisfactory perioperative outcomes. Sandwich and packing techniques offer good results in the long-term period. Freedom from reintervention seems to be optimal and comparable between the 2 techniques.
Mended Windows, Not Broken Windows: A Du Boisian Analysis of Urban Policing
Authors: Rocha Beardall Theresa , Kurwa Rahim , Lewis Demar F.
Published: May 2024

This study draws from W. E. B. Du Boi’s urban sociology in The Philadelphia Negro, Darkwater, and Black Reconstruction in America to offer a conceptual foil to present-day broken windows policing. We suggest that the Chicago School’s ecological model of urban life facilitated a broken windows approach to policing by labeling people and places as disordered but also that a Du Boisian approach—what we call “mended windows”—offers new ways of addressing underlying inequalities that reproduce harm. After drawing out the distinct intellectual trajectories of these two approaches, we turn to two contemporary cases of racialized police violence—Syracuse, NY, and the Antelope Valley, CA—to illustrate the theoretical and methodological significance of a Du Boisian mended windows analysis of urban policing across time and place. We conclude by considering what this approach might have foretold about contemporary movements to defund policing in favor of investing in community vitality.
Prediction method of TBM tunnel surrounding rock classification based on LSTM-SVM
Authors: Liu Feixiang , Yang Mei , Ke Jie
Published: May 2024

TBM tunnel surrounding rock classification is a key indicator for supporting decision-making and ensuring safe construction. And predicting the surrounding rock type accurately in advance is of great significance for TBM intelligent construction. This paper established the surrounding rock classification model based on support vector machine (LIBSVM), including preprocesses historical tunneling parameters, extracts data information that can accurately reflect the relationship between rock and machine, analyzes the correlation between different parameters and surrounding rock categories, and obtains highly relevant parameters. Based on the long short-term memory (LSTM), the prediction model of total thrust, cutter head torque, gripper pressure, cutter head rotate speed, and propulsion speed are established, which is the strongly correlated parameters with surrounding rock. Combining the parameter prediction model with the surrounding rock classification algorithm, the LSTM-SVM tunnel surrounding rock classification prediction model is established. The results showed that the coefficient of determination of the total thrust model, the cutter head torque, the gripper pressure, the cutter head speed, and the propulsion speed were 0.9825, 0.9396, 0.9974, 0.9843, and 0.9636. The overall prediction accuracy of the surrounding rock category can reach 86.0686%, which can provide a certain reference for predicting the surrounding rock condition in a short distance.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Teenage Pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa: Multilevel Modified Poisson Regression Analysis
Authors: Aderajew Zemene Melkamu , Ayele Belete Achamyelew , Zewde Edgeit Abebe , Yimer Tigist Yismaw , Hailemeskel Habtamu Shimels , Tiruneh Sofonyas Abebaw
Published: May 2024

In sub-Saharan African countries, teenage pregnancy received less attention and weak policy responses, and the pooled prevalence of teenage pregnancy is not yet studied. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence and determinants of teenage pregnancy in sub-Saharan African countries. A total weighted sample of 96,185 teenage girls were included in the study. A multilevel modified poison regression analysis model was fitted to identify factors associated with teenage pregnancy. Finally, the Adjusted Prevalence Odds Ratio (APOR) with its 95% confidence interval was reported. Statistical significance was declared at p-value <.05. The overall pooled prevalence of teenage pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa was 21.36% (95% CI: 21.10, 21.62%). Being 18 to 19 years (APOR = 1.70, 95% CI [1.64, 1.77]), teenager’s mother is working (APOR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.13), married adolescents (APOR = 5.54, 95% CI [5.01, 6.12]), media exposure (APOR = 0.96, 95% CI [0.94, 0.99]), middle and high wealth index (APOR = 0.96, 95% CI [0.93, 0.98]), and (APOR = 0.79, 95% CI [0.75, 0.83]), low-middle-income countries (APOR = 0.79, 95% CI [0.63, 0.92]), upper-middle-income (APOR = 0.61, 95% CI [0.41, 0.80]) and the Central African region (APOR = 1.46, 95% CI [1.29, 1.64]) were the factors found to be associated with teenage pregnancy. Teenage pregnancy in SSA was unacceptably high. Age, adolescent marital status, teenager’s mother’s working status, media exposure, wealth index, countries’ income, and regions of SSA had a significant association with teenage pregnancy. Therefore, addressing geographical disparities and socio-economic inequalities help to reduce teenage pregnancy.
Engagement, Interaction, and Socialization of Islamic Education Pre-service Teachers through Virtual Discussions
Authors: Alkandari Kalthoum
Published: May 2024

Virtual learning, necessitated by COVID-19, is novel in Kuwait. This study explores Islamic education pre-service teachers’ perceptions regarding online learning experiences with virtual discussions to demonstrate its effectiveness in interaction, engagement, and socialization. Data were collected from 161 female Islamic education pre-service teachers enrolled at (Kuwait University). A mixed methods research approach confirmed the participants’ positive perceptions regarding the virtual learning experience and the role of virtual discussions in fostering engagement, interaction, and perceived learning. Virtual discussions maximized peer cooperation, enforced communication skills, and generated constructive feedback. The drawback was that a few pre-service teachers dominated the discussion, highlighting the importance of the instructor’s guidance in achieving learning outcomes. For these teachers in training, this study clarifies the impact of virtual discussions on learning outcomes and in fostering interaction and engagement and helps them understand the importance of being heard, communicating ideas, and sharing perspectives in a virtual environment.
Book review: Intan Suwandi, Value Chains: The New Economic Imperialism
Authors: Ng’oma Nedson
Published: May 2024

Intan Suwandi, Value Chains: The New Economic Imperialism New York: Monthly Review Press, 2019, 216 pp., US$23.00, ISBN: 9781583677810 (Paperback).
Gamification in Digital Marketing: Proposing a Theoretical Framework Based on Uses and Gratifications Theory
Authors: Gupta Shelleka , Dutt Ronnie , Sharma Antra , Sharma Bonia
Published: May 2024

Gamification is one of the most popular and exciting digital marketing tools. The use of gaming aspects in sectors other than gaming is called ‘Gamification’. Several well-known companies like Nike, MakeMyTrip, Amazon, Paytm, Zomato, One Plus and Flipkart use this innovative marketing tool to share their informational and entertaining marketing content with potential consumers. Using gamified content, brands tap into their consumers’ competitive nature and accelerate their engagement by rewarding them with discount coupons and other shopping benefits. Hence, owing to the amplified popularity and increased usage of gamification in marketing, this review article deliberates in detail about gamification as a digital marketing tool. The article proposes a theoretical framework based on the theory of uses and gratifications in the gamification context. Additionally, it also highlights the several positive outcomes marketers can enjoy using gamification in their digital marketing campaigns. Implications and future research agendas are also discussed.
Expert Opinion on Screening and Risk Stratification of Heart Diseases in Indian Women
Authors: Moorthy Asha , K Satish , Khan Javed , Gupta Satya , Shah Jay , Jagadeeswari A , Karlekar Manjiri , Pawar Dipak , Mate Pradip , Kumar Lokesh , Patel Kamlesh ,   On Behalf of SHAKTI Expert Group
Published: May 2024

This expert opinion addresses the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among Indian women, suggesting strategies for screening and risk assessment. A panel of expert cardiologists ( n = 99) developed a questionnaire for screening CVD and risk stratification, analyzing discussion points and opinions to formulate recommendations. Experts strongly agreed that ischemic heart diseases remain underdiagnosed and undertreated among Indian women. Women should be screened for future risk of atherosclerotic CVD at the age of 45–50 years if they have diabetes or other CV risk factors. Experts strongly recommended targeted screening for CVD among women during and post-pregnancy period. Women should be screened for peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) risks during pregnancy and post-delivery, with dyspnea, edema, and tachycardia being the most common red flags in the diagnosis of PPCM among Indian women. This expert opinion report provides a comprehensive overview of expert cardiologists’ recommendations for screening heart diseases and risk stratification in Indian women.
Determinants of cognitive dysfunction in adults with sickle cell–related stroke or suspected neurological morbidity
Authors: Messimeris Despina , Bismuth Hugo , Provost Corentin , Emaer Clémentine , Mélé Nicolas , Kitenge Robert , Arlet Jean-Benoit , Joseph Laure , Ranque Brigitte , Bartolucci Pablo , Narme Pauline , Calvet David
Published: May 2024

The prognosis of sickle cell disease (SCD) in adults is determined primarily by damage to targeted organs such as the brain. Cognitive dysfunction in SCD is a common chronic neurological manifestation, but studies remain mostly descriptive in adults. The objective of this study was to better characterize the cognitive profile and the association between cognitive dysfunction and brain lesions. We included adult patients with SCD referred for a neurological assessment. An adapted battery of neuropsychological tests was used to assess cognitive deficits. Brain or arterial abnormalities were assessed using brain magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance angiography and a cervical and transcranial Doppler ultrasound. The cognitive profile of 96 patients was characterized by deficits in processing speed (58%), short-term memory (34%), and working memory (24%). Brain infarcts were found in 56% of patients and intracranial vasculopathy in 49%. Twenty percent of patients had no brain abnormalities. Processing speed dysfunction was associated with territorial infarcts (odds ratio [OR], 3.1; P = .03) and education outside of France (OR, 4.7; P = .02). Short-term memory dysfunction was associated with territorial infarcts (OR, 3.4; P = .01) and a low educational level (OR, 8.2; P = .01). Working memory dysfunction was associated with a low educational level (OR, 4.3; P = .05) and vasculopathy (OR, 3.7; P = .03). Cognitive dysfunction appears to be a hallmark sign of SCD, particularly for adults with sickle cell-related stroke or suspected neurological morbidity. Assessment of such dysfunction could be used in longitudinal follow-up and clinical trials.