bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avrupa da Hümanizmin Arka Plânı ve Erasmus
Authors: Aydın Mehmet
Published: January 2023

Orta Çağ’ın skolâstik düşünce ve dini baskısından kurtulma sancılarını yaşayan Avrupa, XV. Yüzyıldan itibaren üç yeni düşünce akımı ile karşı karşıya gelmiştir. Bunlar, sırasıyla, Rönesans-Reform ve Hümanizmdir. Rönesans’ın merkezi olan Floransa’nın üzerinde bugüne kadar çok durulmamıştır. Hâlbuki Rönesans’ın ateşleme fitili önce, Floransa’da yanmaya başlamıştır. Bu ateşlemenin gerçek sahipleri, Cosme De Medicis (+ 1464) ile Lorent Medicis (+ 1492) olmuştur. Medicis ailesi, Eflatuncu felsefenin hayranları olarak, Pléthon’a (+ 1450) destek vermişler ve Pléthon, onların sarayında, Eflatuncu bir akademi kurmuştur. Bu akademide, Marcile Ficin (+ 1499) çok önemli bir yer işgal etmektedir. Ficin, Ploton’dan ve Plotin’den seçilen Yunanca metinleri, Latinceye çeviriyordu. İşte bu akademinin yayımladığı HERMETİK METİNLER, o dönemin Avrupa’sında en eski vahiyler olarak kabul edilerek, Batı aydınlarının düşüncesinde âdeta yeni ufuklar açmıştır. Corpus Hermeticum adı verilen bu metinlerin, Hz. Musa’dan da önceki bir vahiyi temsil ettiğine iyice inanılmıştı. Bu durum, XV. Yüzyıl Avrupa’sının içinde bulunduğu yeni bir durumdu. Bu dönemin aydınları, Platon’a, Mısır ve İran dinlerinin sırlarına dayanan en eski bir vahye duydukları özlemle birlikte, Orta Çağ Hıristiyan ilâhiyatının da mirası olan derin bir tatminsizliği de açıklıyordu. Böylece, iki asra yakın bir zaman, HERMETİSME, inançlı olduğu kadar, inançsız, gizli ateist olan birçok ilâhiyatçı ve filozofu etkilemiştir. En eski bir vahiy olarak kabul edilen, Corpus Hermeticum, Yunan bilgin, İsaac Casaubon (+1514)nun, filolojik temellere dayanarak, çok eski bir vahiy değil, çağımızdan iki veya üç asır öncesine kadar bile gitmeyen Helenistik Hıristiyan Senkretizmini yansıtan bir metin olduğunu ispat edince, Avrupalı aydınlar, şaşkına dönmüşlerdi.
Hafızlık Sorumlulukları Açısından Hafız Adaylarının Özyeterlilik Durumları
Authors: Şenat Fatma Asiye
Published: January 2023

Hafızlık Kur’an’ın anlam dünyasını kavramanın en etkin yollarından birisidir. Bir insanın sahip olabileceği en kıymetli payelerden olan hafızlık, bazı sorumlulukların taşınmasını zorunlu kılar. Doğru okuma; doğru kavrama ve yaşamanın ayrılmaz parçası olduğundan, bir hafızın önce mahreç ve tecvide riâyet ederek Kur’an’ı okuyabilmesi gerekir. Sağlam bir ezber ise hafızın Kur’an’a karşı ikinci sorumluluğudur. Okuduğu âyetlerin anlamından haberdar olmak ve anladıklarını hayata taşımak da hafızlık için olmazsa olmaz bir gerekliliktir. Birbirinden beslenen bu temel sorumluluk alanları zaman içinde özellikle anadili Arapça olmayan hafızların algısında bariz değişikliklere uğramış; doğru okuma ve özellikle ezberin sağlam olması fazlaca genişlerken, okuduklarını anlama zorunluluğu ise neredeyse tamamen kaybolmuştur. Bu makalede Kütahya-Tavşanlı Kavaklı Kur’an Kursu’na devam eden öğrencilere uygulanan bir anket özelinde hafız adaylarının hafızlık algıları, beklentileri üzerinde durulmuş ve Kur’an’a karşı temel sorumlulukları açısından kendilerini nasıl değerlendirdikleri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, ülkemizde yürütülen hafızlık çalışmalarındaki temel imkânlar ve sorunlar çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiş, genç talebelerden çok emek isteyen bu faaliyetin asli amaçlarına uygun şekilde icrası için gerekli farkındalıklar üzerinde durulmuştur.
Bir Edebî Tür Olarak Kıyâfet-nâme ve Bursalı Murâdî nin Kıyâfet-nâme si
Authors: Dikkaya Harun
Published: January 2023

Kıyâfet-nâme, bir kimsenin saç, göz, el ayak gibi organlarına ve fizikî özelliklerine bakarak onun ahlâkı ve karakteri hakkında tahmin ve tespitte bulunmayı konu edinen ilimdir. İnsanın fizikî yapısını dikkate alarak kişilik özellikleri ile ilgili yapılan tespitlerin varlığı çok eskilere dayanmakla birlikte, bir edebî tür olarak kıyâfet-nâme Türk edebiyatına, Arap ve Fars kaynakları üzerinden girmiştir. İnsanın dış görünüşünden yola çıkarak iç dünyası hakkında hüküm vermek ile ilgili konuların işlendiği kıyâfet-nâmelerin Türk edebiyatında birçok örneğine rastlanır. Türün, Türk edebiyatındaki ilk örneğinde telif sebebi, erkek hizmetçi ve cariye alımında dikkat edilmesi gereken hususların bilinmesi olarak zikredilir. Sonraki dönemlerde kaleme alınan kıyâfet-nâmelerde telif sebebinin, insanın başkalarını tanıması ve bu şekilde karakterlerine göre muamale etmesi, hayır ve şerrin kimden geleceğini bilerek amel etmesinin sağlanması, yaratılışın sırlarını bilmesi ve ebedî mutluluğa vakıf olmayı öğrenmesi olarak zikredildiği görülür. Kıyâfet-nâme türünün Türk edebiyatındaki manzum örneklerinden biri II. Bayezid devri şairlerinden Bursalı Murâdî’ye aittir. Murâdî'nin Kıyâfet-nâmesi’nde insana ait fizikî özellikler yirmi fasılda değerlendirilmiştir. Eserde yer alan değerlendirmelerin, Türk edebiyatında kıyâfetnâme türünün öne çıkan örnekleri olarak kabul edilen Hamdullah Hamdî, Erzurumlu İbrahim Hakkı ve Şaban-ı Sivrihisarî'nin Kıyâfet-nâme'leriyle büyük ölçüde benzerlik gösterdiği görülmektedir. Bu makalede önce kıyâfet-nâmelerin Arap, Fars ve Türk edebiyatlarındaki örnekleri hakkında bilgi verilmiş, ardından Bursalı Murâdî’nin Kıyâfetnâmesi şekil ve muhteva özellikleri açısından incelenmiştir. İçerdiği hükümler açısından türün öne çıkan diğer örnekleriyle mukayese edilen eser, ilk kez neşredilmiştir.
Kur an Ayetleri ve Tarihȋ Nakiller Bağlamında Hz. Yahya nın Akıbeti
Authors: Youssef Abdulsalam , Turan Maşallah
Published: January 2023

Tefsir, âlimlerimizin üzerinde önemle durdukları, belirli unsurlara ve araçlara gereksinim duyan bir ilimdir. Tefsirle ilgili bir veri, bize sahih bir şekilde ulaştığında ki -buna rivayet tefsiri denir-, onu almamız konusunda görüş birliği mevcuttur. Bu tarz bir tefsir, en güzel tefsir yollarından biri olarak itibar görür. Şayet bir konu hakkında sağlam bir rivayete sahip değilsek, o zaman içtihat veya akıl yürütme yoluna başvururuz. Bunun kabul gören en temel unsuru ise tüm bölümleri, kolları, kaideleri ve ilkeleri ile dildir. Biz de dilin imkânları sayesinde ayette kastedilen anlamı açığa çıkarmaya çalışırız. Ancak bu noktada son derece ilmî ve reel bir sorunla karşı karşıyayız. Şayet tarihî rivayetler ile Kur’an ayetleri arasında bir çelişki buluyorsak, acaba böyle bir durumda hangisini esas almalıyız? Aradaki çelişkiyi nasıl gidermeliyiz ve neye göre bir tercihte bulunmalıyız? Çalışmamız, bu tarz bir problemi, Yahya Peygamberin akıbeti bağlamında ele almaktadır. Zira Kur’an ayetleri Hz. Yahya’nın akıbetiyle ilgili “ölüm” ifadesini kullanırken, rivayetler onun acımasızca “katledildiği”nden bahsetmektedir. Rivayetlere göre o normal bir şekilde eceliyle ölmemiştir. İşte bu makale, Yahya Peygamberle ilgisi bulunan bütün ayetleri bir arada sunmak suretiyle konuyu ele almaktadır. Konu hakkındaki bütün ayetler, gerek lafzıyla gerekse bağlamıyla Hz. Yahya’nın normal bir şekilde eceliyle ölmesinden bahsetmektedir. Ayrıca onun hayat hikâyesiyle, teyzesinin oğlu olan ve öldürülmediği Kur’an’da net bir şekilde açıklanan Hz. İsa’nın hayat hikâyesi arasında enteresan benzerlikler de mevcuttur. Çalışmada betimleme, tahlil, tümevarım ve eleştiri yöntemleri kullanılacaktır.
The role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the evaluation of hepatobiliary lesions and its correlation with pathological findings
Authors: Kumar Krishan , Kaur Sandeep , Kaur Rupinderjeet , Kaur Taranjeet , Singh Paramdeep
Published: January 2023

Introduction

To evaluate the efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in assessing hepatobiliary lesions, and to correlate the findings of CEUS for hepatobiliary lesions with those of pathological examination performed through fine needle aspiration.

Material and methods

This prospective observational study included 50 patients with hepatobiliary lesions, who were referred for CEUS. The findings of CEUS were correlated with pathological findings.

Results

CEUS was determined to be a highly sensitive and specific imaging modality for the detection and characterization of hepatobiliary lesions, with the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of CEUS being 100.0%, 96.8%, 66.7%, 100.0%, and 96.7%, respectively, when correlated with pathological findings.

Conclusions

CEUS is a highly sensitive and specific imaging modality for the detection and characterization of hepatobiliary lesions, with wide availability in the present scenario.
Determinants of Customer Attitude and Behavioral Intention for Online Food Delivery: A Study from Karachi
Authors: Khan Shaista Kamal
Published: January 2023

Technology diffusion and COVID-19 pandemic have changed consumers’ attitudes toward online food purchasing. At the same time, the fast food sector has also transformed to attract and retain online food customers. Thus this study, by extending TRA and TAM model, investigates the impact of “perceived usefulness, online trust, time-saving orientation, purchase orientation” on attitudes toward online food purchase intention. It also examines the impact of attitudes and purchase intention and the mediating role of attitudes. Based on the data set of the five leading universities of Karachi, the study found that “perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, time[1]saving orientation, and perceived saving orientation” significantly affect attitudes toward online food purchasing. The study also found a significant association between attitudes and online food purchase intention. However, we did not find any support for the association between trust and online purchase intention. Our study supported all the mediating effects except the mediating effect of attitudes on trust and online food purchase intention.
Comparison of laser therapy and galvanic stimulation on facial appearance and function in Bell’s palsy among south Indian population
Authors: G. Tharani , K. Kamatchi , S. Sharmila , G. Yuvarani , G. Vaishnavi , Pravalika Pothuraju
Published: January 2023

Introduction and Aim: Bell’s palsy is an instantaneous lower motor neurons injury of 7th cranial nerve associated with infection and swelling. It produces unexpected unilateral weakness of facial muscles, progresses rapidly and attains peak symptoms within a week. The most common age of incidence is between 20 to 40 years. Although facial paralysis in Bell’s palsy is self-limited, only 80% of the patients make a full recovery. There are studies stating that both galvanic electrical stimulation and laser therapy speed up the recovery of facial paralysis, but the extent of complete recovery is unknown. Hence, this study is an attempt to understand and compare how laser therapy and galvanic electrical stimulation affect facial appearance and facial muscle functions in Bell's palsy.
 
Materials and Methods: This study included thirty subjects with acute onset of Bell’s palsy aged between 20-40 years. They were randomly grouped into A and B. Galvanic electrical stimulation and low-level laser therapy were given to group A and group B respectively for 6 weeks (3 sessions/week) along with facial exercises. Facial disability index scale was used to measure facial muscle function and Sunny brook scale was used to measure facial symmetry in pre- and post-treatment periods.
 
Results: When comparing the pre- and post-mean values of groups A and B on the Sunny Brook facial grading and the facial disability index (physical, social), group B (with low level laser therapy) showed a highly significant difference in mean values at p 0.001.
 
Conclusion: Low-level laser therapy can be used as an adjective in treating the patients with Bell’s palsy.
Overview of chromosomal translocations associated with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: U. Shivani , A. Shetty Reshma , Kumari N. Suchetha , Shetty D. Prashanth
Published: January 2023

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is a slow progressing condition caused by balanced translocations of chromosomes 9 and 22, also defined as the Philadelphia (Ph)chromosome, containing the BCR-ABL1 oncogene. CML is classified into three stages; the Chronic, the Accelerated and the Blast crisis phase. These phases are associated with chromosomal translocations and secondary changes. Over the years, innovative scientific development in cancer cytogenetics has considerably improved the detection of chromosomal abnormalities. Fluorescence In situ Hybridization (FISH) method allows further identification of chromosomal alterations that karyotyping cannot resolve. Karyotyping is a gold standard technique that provides the human genome overview. This review mainly focuses on further chromosomal abnormalities, biology of CML, pathways, and therapeutic regimens. The study highlights CML subdivisions and the clinical importance of additional chromosomal abnormalities.
Bacillus strains from the ovaries of Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus): deciphering of probiotic potential through an in vitro approach
Authors: Pilakkavil Chirakkara Sreejesh , Abraham Asha
Published: January 2023

Introduction and Aim: The health advantages, enhanced organoleptic features, and global economic significance of probiotic-enriched food items have motivated researchers to discover novel probiotics. In light of this, a study was performed to assess the probiotic potential of five Bacillus strains isolated from the ovaries of 8-week-old mice in a previous study.
 
Materials and Methods: The five Bacillus strains were appraised for their probiotic potentials, such as tolerance to acidic pH, bile salt, and phenol. The haemolytic behaviour, antibiotic sensitivity characteristics, and capacity to produce amylase, protease and L-asparaginase were also assessed.
 
Results: All the isolates exhibited high survival in simulated gastric juice conditions such as pepsin containing acidic pH environments, up to 1% bile, and 0.5% phenol. Bacillus cereus OM02 and Bacillus velezensis OM03 exhibited the highest tolerance, with 50 % of survival at pH 2.5 and 1% bile salt-containing media. All the isolates were found to be amylase and protease producers and non-beta-haemolytic, however, OM02 and OM04 were beta-haemolytic. Extracts from the strain OM03 also exhibited dosage-dependent ferric-reducing antioxidant power. Except for OM04, which is resistant to ampicillin and sulphatriad, and OM01 and OM02, which are sulphatriad-resistant, all isolates were susceptible to most antibiotics. This is the first study on Bacillus species from Swiss albino mouse ovarian to evaluate probiotic potential.
 
Conclusion: These findings suggest that Bacillus velezensis OM03, Bacillus aerius OM01, and Bacillus subtilis OM05 are suitable probiotic candidates and may be used in both animal and human formulations to improve consumer health.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices among medical students on blood donation
Authors: P. Khadilkar Niranjan , B.V. Mamatha , M. Bhat Bhagyajyothi , Shreya Crasta Preeval
Published: January 2023

Introduction and Aim: Blood is a lifesaving component on many occasions.  Despite increasing awareness of the importance of blood, there is a wide gap between the demand and supply of blood and its various components. The aim was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices on blood donation among the students of a medical college in Mangalore, Dakshina Kannada.
 
Materials and Methods: The present descriptive observational study was based on the students’ response to the pre-validated questionnaire which had questions regarding the knowledge, attitudes and practices of blood donation. The students studying in different classes of MBBS had been included in the study. The data was analysed using the statistical software SPSS version 28. Qualitative variables were presented as frequency and percentage and quantitative variables as mean± SD. Chi square test was used to find the association of knowledge and attitudes among the gender, p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
 
Results: The MBBS students had an overall good knowledge and favourable attitudes about blood donation. However, many failed to answer some questions regarding the advantage of blood donation and the number of patients who benefited from one unit of blood. We observed a poor practice of blood donation among the MBBS students. This was attributed to lack of opportunity.
 
Conclusion: The study emphasizes the need for awareness programs and advertisements regarding voluntary blood donation.
ANALISIS KERENTANAN PADA SUATU WEBSITE MENGGUNAKAN TOOLS XSPEAR, XSSCON, DAN PWNXSS
Authors: Anwari Zulvan Avito , Wedana I Gede Pasek , Deva Jaya , Widyaputra Kadek Dwika Darma , Saskara Gede Arna Jude , Listartha I Made Edy
Published: January 2023

Salah satu cara untuk melakukan analisis kerentanan pada website sebagai kontrol preventif adalah dengan cara scanning. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian terapan, dengan fokus pada analisis hasil evaluasi untuk memberikan informasi sebagai masukan atau untuk mengambil keputusan tertentu tergantung urgensi tujuan. Secara teknis, studi ini akan dilakukan dengan menggunakan 3 tahapan utama proses, yaitu menentukan batasan proyek, implementasi scanning pada website dan menganalisis hasil dari scanning yang telah dilakukan. Scanning dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak XSpear, PwnXSS, XSScon dan Acunetix Acuart sebagai target website dalam testing. Proses scanning pada website Acunetix Acuart berbasis pada OS Kali Linux berjalan dengan baik dan menghasilkan penemuan kelemahan atau kerentanan. XSpear menemukan 24 kerentanan data, PwnXSS menemukan 45 kerentanan data, sedangkan XSSCon menemukan 44 kerentanan data.
Evaluation of Two Proximity Warning Devices on a Mobile Elevating Work Platform
Authors: Raszeja Scott
Published: January 2023

Contact between a mobile elevating work platform (MEWP) and an energized overhead powerline (OHPL) is a warned-against event that is associated with damage to property as well as injury or death. The objective of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of two different proximity warning devices (PWDs) installed on an MEWP operated near OHPLs. The general procedure used was to rotate the MEWP work platform horizontally away from, then toward, the OHPL from each side of the MEWP (at various platform heights), noting the distance between the MEWP and the OHPL when an alarm occurred. PWD2 allowed violation of the simulated OSHA boundary on 74.3% of the total rotations without initiating a warning alarm and was too sensitive to be practical as a startup alarm system. PWD1 did not allow operation of the MEWP within 20 feet of the actual OSHA minimum approach distance. The results of the startup test for PWD1 were no-where near consistent.
Meteorology and Physics Analysis of Rail Car Fatality
Authors: Peake Drew , Salman Muhammad
Published: January 2023

When borax gets wet, it clumps. In this case, 76,000 pounds of previously wetted borax clumped on the inside of a rail car. The unbalanced load caused the rail car to fall on a yard worker, killing him. Tracking meteorological conditions in transit from Turkey to a port in Deleware, truck transit to a warehouse, handling at the warehouse, and rail transit to an interim transfer station was key to developing the origin and cause for the rail car derailing. There was evidence that clumping had rendered the product unusable by the end-user. However, this event occurred at the interim transfer station where the rail car product was transferred to trucks. This paper describes the process of determining how and where the borax absorbed moisture and shows physics that determined derailing was the result of an unbalanced load. This demonstrates the cause and effect of this event.
Forensic Engineering Investigation of Factors Contributing to the Explosion of an International Natural Gas Pipeline
Authors: Rasty Jahan , Parker Olin , Mills Mathew
Published: January 2023

Following the explosion of a natural gas pipeline that resulted in extensive property damage, personal injury, and loss of life, a forensic engineering investigation was performed to determine factors that signifi-cantly contributed to the failure. Metallurgical analysis of the failure region resulted in the conclusion that the pipeline rupture was caused by hydrogen embrittlement acting on hard spots created during manufactur-ing. The next phase of this investigation involved root cause analysis of factors contributing to the pipeline rupture as well as evaluation of missed risk-reduction opportunities of the nondestructive analyses employed. It was ultimately determined that hydrogen embrittlement, caused by improper operation and maintenance procedures, resulted in an overabundance of hydrogen from excessive cathodic protection. Additionally, excessive operating pressure exceeded the resulting degraded ultimate capacity of the pipeline, which then manifested in the rupture of the natural gas pipeline and the ensuing explosion. It is recommended that op-erators exercise due diligence by considering the age of a pipeline when determining appropriate operating, monitoring, and maintenance procedures.
Cuidados de enfermería en aspectos psicológicos en madres con diabetes
Authors: Herrera López José Luis , Silva Chico Anthony Steven
Published: January 2023

Una de las experiencias que se logra a través de la investigación realizada, no solo es verificar que aspectos emocionales afectan a las madres en su etapa de gestación, además buscar la manera de planificar un adecuado plan de cuidados para la madre, verificando que así el aspecto psicológico y cuidado general puedan están a la par para que no exista complicaciones a futuro. La investigación presenta un enfoque cualitativo, con un alcance exploratorio en el cual pacientes embarazadas con diabetes gestacional se les realizo una entrevista individualizada de acuerdo a su aspecto emocional con una duración de aproximadamente 30 min. Como conclusión, según resultados obtenidos en la entrevista se logró encontrar algunas respuestas negativas tanto en el ámbito personal, familiar y social, a pesar de las respuestas negativas obtenidas, otras fueron completamente alentadoras ya que fueron completamente positivas.
Actuación de enfermería en traumatismo craneoencefálico penetrante
Authors: Sandoval Balarezo Gessi Maribel , Chisag Guamán Maria Marlene , Sánchez Zurita Mayra Alexandra , Quinatoa Caba Gabriela Giovanna
Published: January 2023

Introducción: El Traumatismo Craneoencefálico penetrante (TCE), es considerado como una lesión física que deteriora el estado funcional del contenido craneal, generando la muerte o lesiones graves como incapacidad física o cognitiva. El tratamiento oportuno permitirá proporcionar una atención prioritaria en los pacientes evitando de esta manera lesiones cerebrales secundarias. Objetivo: Implementar un plan de cuidados de enfermería orientado a un paciente con Traumatismo Craneoencefálico penetrante. Metodología: La metodología empleada para el análisis del estudio comprende un modelo descriptivo, comparativo, debido a que se recolectó información mediante la revisión de la historia clínica del paciente. Resultados: En base al análisis, según varios autores se concuerda que el TCE penetrante en adultos mayores en una afección considerada como unos de los principales causantes de discapacidad y muerte, producido por laceración y contusión de un vaso sanguíneo desgarrado que provoca una hemorragia subdural, epidural o parenquimatosa. Conclusión: La implementación de un plan de cuidados de enfermería dirigido hacia esta patología permite sistematizar las intervenciones centrándolas en base a las necesidades del paciente, tomando en cuenta que los signos y síntomas varían de acuerdo con el grado de Escala de coma de Glasgow (ECG).
Satisfacción de las mujeres en la experiencia del parto
Authors: Zúñiga Paredes Lizbeth Alexandra , Salguero Fiallos Carmen Marlene
Published: January 2023

La investigación se desarrolló con el objetivo de identificar el grado de satisfacción de la mujer sobre el parto, por medio de una investigación cuantitativa, con un nivel descriptivo, de diseño de campo – transversal, cuya población objeto de estudio fueron las mujeres de la comunidad Valle Hermoso, donde se efectuó un muestreo no probabilístico, basado en criterios de inclusión y exclusión de los que se seleccionó una muestra de 165 participantes, a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta basa en la escala de Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale que alcanza una fiabilidad de 0,85 y un coeficiente Alfha de Cronbach de 0,94. Los datos fueron recolectados de manera personal y a posterior fueron analizados en el programa estadístico SPSS versión 26. Los resultados principales indican que el 77% de las mujeres se hallan satisfechas con la atención recibida durante el parto, al igual que el 64,8% está muy satisfechas con la experiencia del nacimiento del bebé. Concluyendo que los profesionales de salud que han atendido a las madres han mostrado capacidad, conocimiento y competencia profesional durante el parto, al igual que la matrona quien ha actuado como un apoyo constante y se ha encargado de velar por que se cumplan con las necesidades físicas y emocionales de la mujer, así mismo el confort del recién nacido después del parto ha sido satisfactorio, por lo que la experiencia del parto ha constituido un evento placentero para las madres de la comunidad Valle Hermoso.
La competencia digital en la formación de los profesores de matemáticas
Authors: Benítez-Mero Félix Antonio , Chávez-Ruano Lucia Germania , Benavides-Solís Nilo Alberto , Mora-Caicedo Nelson Xavier
Published: January 2023

El avance las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) es imparable afectando los diferentes ámbitos en la que nos desenvolvemos como miembros de una sociedad, entre ellos el ámbito educativo.  Ahora más que nunca es necesario que incorporemos herramientas digitales a los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje que permitan la internación del alumnado en las distintas asignaturas tal es el caso de las matemáticas. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el nivel de competencia digital docente de los maestrantes en matemática mención modelación y docencia que oferta la Universidad Técnica Luis Vargas Torres de Esmeraldas (UTLVTE) tomando como referencia para ello el Marco común de competencia digital docente desarrollado por el Instituto Nacional de Tecnologías y Formación del profesorado (INTEF, 2017).  El estudio tiene un enfoque cuantitativo no experimental descriptivo cuya muestra está constituida por los 30 maestrantes profesores del área de matemáticas de nivel medio y superior. Los resultados en primera instancia muestran que a pesar que la mayoría de los maestrantes tienen un nivel de competencia digital medio es decir que conocen el funcionamiento de aplicaciones no la utilizan como herramientas para el desarrollo de sus clases.
Global zonal wind variations and responses to solar activity, and QBO, ENSO during 2002–2019
Authors: Liu Xiao , Xu Jiyao , Yue Jia , Andrioli Vania F.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Variations of global wind are important in changing the atmospheric structure and circulation, in the coupling of atmospheric layers, in influencing the wave propagations. Due to the difficulty of directly measuring zonal wind from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere, we derived the global balance wind (BU), which captured the main feature of the monthly zonal mean wind, to study its variations (i.e., annual, semiannual, terannual, and linear) and responses to QBO (quasi-biennial oscillation), ENSO (El Niño/Southern Oscillation), and solar activity. Same procedure is performed on the MERRA2 zonal wind (MerU) to validate BU and its responses below 70 km. The annual, semiannual, terannual oscillations of BU and MerU have similar amplitudes and phases. The semi-annual oscillation of BU has peaks around 80 km, which are stronger in the southern tropical region and coincide with previous satellite observations. The responses to QBO shift from positive to negative and extend from the equator to higher latitudes with the increasing height. The responses to ENSO and F10.7 are strongest (positive and negatively, respectively) in the southern stratospheric polar jet region below 70 km and exhibit hemispheric asymmetry. While above 70 km, the responses of BU to F10.7 and ENSO are mainly positive. Both BU and MerU exhibit similar linear changes, but the negative linear changes of BU at 50° N are absent in MerU during October–January. The discussions on the possible influences of the temporal intervals and sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) on the variations and responses of BU illustrate that: (1) the seasonal variations and the responses to QBO are almost independent on the temporal intervals selected; (2) the responses to ENSO and F10.7 are robust but slightly dependent on the temporal intervals; (3) the linear changes of both BU and MerU depend strongly on the temporal intervals; (4) SSWs affect the magnitudes but do not affect the hemispheric asymmetry of the variations and responses of BU at least in the monthly mean sense. The variations and responses of global zonal wind to various factors are based on BU, which is derived from observations, and thus provide a good complementary to model studies and ground-based observations.
Using Optimal Estimation to Retrieve Winds from VAD scans by a Doppler Lidar
Authors: Baidar Sunil , Wagner Timothy J. , Turner David D. , Brewer W. Alan
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Low-powered commercially-available coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) provides continuous measurement of vertical profiles of wind in the lower troposphere, usually close to or up to the top of the planetary boundary layer. The vertical extent of these wind profiles is limited by the availability of scatterers, and thus varies substantially throughout the day and from one day to the next. This makes it challenging to develop continuous products that rely on CDL-observed wind profiles. In order to overcome this problem, we have developed a new method for wind profile retrievals from CDL that combines the traditional velocity-azimuth display (VAD) technique with optimal estimation (OE) to provide continuous wind profiles up to 3 km. The new method exploits the level-to-level covariance present in the wind profile to fill in the gaps where the signal to noise ratio of the CDL return is too low to provide reliable results using the traditional VAD method. Another advantage of the new method is that it provides the full error covariance matrix of the solution and profiles of information content, which more easily facilitates the assimilation of the observed wind profiles into numerical weather prediction models. This method was tested using CDL measurements at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) Central Facility. Comparison with the ARM operational CDL wind profile product and collocated radiosonde wind measurements shows excellent agreement (R2 > 0.99) with no degradation in results where the traditional VAD provided a valid solution. In the region where traditional VAD do not provide results, the OE wind speed has uncertainty of 4.5 m/s. As a result, the new method provides additional information over the standard technique and increases the effective range of existing CDL systems without the need for additional hardware.
Comparison of six approaches to predicting droplet activation of surface active aerosol – Part 2: strong surfactants
Authors: Vepsäläinen Sampo , Calderón Silvia M. , Prisle Nønne L.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Surfactants have been a focus of investigation in atmospheric sciences for decades due to their ability to modify the water uptake and cloud formation potential of aerosols. Surfactants adsorb to the air–solution interface and can decrease the surface tension, while in microscopic aqueous droplets simultaneously depleting the droplet bulk. While this mechanism is now broadly accepted, the representation in atmospheric and cloud droplet models is still not well constrained. We compare the predictions of five bulk–surface partitioning models and a general bulk solution model documented in the literature to represent aerosol surface activity in Köhler calculations of cloud droplet activation. The models are applied to a suite of common aerosol particle systems, consisting of strong surfactants (sodium myristate or myristic acid) and sodium chloride in a wide range of relative mixing ratios. The partitioning models predict comparable critical droplet properties at small surfactant mass fractions, but differences between the model predictions for identical particles increase significantly with the surfactant mass fraction in the particles. For the same particles and simulation conditions, the partitioning models also predict significantly different surface compositions and surface tensions for growing droplets along the Köhler curves. The inter-model variation is furthermore different for these particles comprising strongly surface active organics, than for moderately surface active atmospheric aerosol components. Our results show that experimental validation across a range of atmospherically relevant aerosol compositions, surface active properties, and droplet states is necessary before a given model can be generally applied in atmospheric predictions.
Deep learning of subgrid-scale parametrisations for short-term forecasting of sea-ice dynamics with a Maxwell-Elasto-Brittle rheology
Authors: Finn Tobias Sebastian , Durand Charlotte , Farchi Alban , Bocquet Marc , Chen Yumeng , Carrassi Alberto , Dansereau Véronique
Published: January 2023

Abstract. We introduce a scalable approach to parametrise the unresolved subgrid-scale of sea-ice dynamics with deep learning techniques. We apply this data-driven approach to a regional sea-ice model that accounts exclusively for dynamical processes with a Maxwell-Elasto-Brittle rheology. Our channel-like model setup is driven by a wave-like wind forcing, which generates examples of sharp transitions between unfractured and fully-fractured sea ice. Using a convolutional U-Net architecture, the parametrising neural network extracts multiscale and anisotropic features and, thus, includes important inductive biases needed for sea-ice dynamics. The neural network is trained to correct all nine model variables at the same time. With the initial and forecast state as input into the neural network, we cast the subgrid-scale parametrisation as model error correction, needed to correct unresolved model dynamics. We test the here-proposed approach in twin experiments, where forecasts of a low-resolution forecast model are corrected towards high-resolution truth states for a forecast lead time of about 10 min. At this lead time, our approach reduces the forecast errors by more than 75 %, averaged over all model variables. The neural network learns hereby a physically-explainable input-to-output relation. Furthermore, cycling the subgrid-scale parametrisation together with the geophysical model improves the short-term forecast up to one hour. We consequently show that neural networks can parametrise the subgrid-scale for sea-ice dynamics. We therefore see this study as an important first step towards hybrid modelling to forecast sea-ice dynamics on an hourly to daily timescale.
Seismic wave modeling of fluid-saturated fractured porous rock: Including fluid pressure diffusion effects of discrete distributed large-scale fractures
Authors: Qi Yingkai , Chen Xuehua , Zhao Qingwei , Luo Xin , Feng Chunqiang
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The scattered seismic waves of fractured porous rock are strongly affected by the wave-induced fluid pressure diffusion effects between the compliant fractures and the stiffer embedding background. To include these poroelastic effects in seismic modeling, we develop a numerical scheme for discrete distributed large-scale fractures embedded in fluid-saturated porous rock. Using Coates and Schoenberg’s local effective medium theory and Barbosa’s dynamic linear slip model characterized by complex-valued and frequency-dependent fracture compliances, we derive the effective viscoelastic compliances in each spatial discretized cell by superimposing the compliances of the background and the fractures. The effective governing equations of the fractured porous rock are then characterized by the derived anisotropic, complex-valued, and frequency-dependent effective compliances. We numerically solved the effective governing equations by mixed-grid stencil frequency-domain finite-difference method. The good consistency between the scattered waves off a single horizontal fracture calculated using our proposed scheme and those calculated using the poroelastic linear slip model shows that our modeling scheme can properly include the FPD effects. We also find that for a P-point source, the amplitudes of the scattered waves from a single horizontal fracture are strongly affected by the fluid stiffening effects due to fluid pressure diffusion, while for an S-point source, the scattered waves are less sensitive to fluid pressure diffusion. In the case of the conjugate fracture system, the scattered waves from the bottom of the fractured reservoir and the reflected waves from the underlying formation are attenuated and dispersed by the FPD effects for both P- and S-point sources. The proposed numerical modeling scheme can also be used to improve migration quality and the estimation of fracture mechanical characteristics in inversion.
CHONK 1.0: landscape evolution framework: cellular automata meets graph theory
Authors: Gailleton Boris , Malatesta Luca , Cordonnier Guillaume , Braun Jean
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Landscape Evolution Models (LEMs) are prime tools to simulate the evolution of source-to-sink systems through ranges of spatial and temporal scales. Plethora of different empirical laws have been successfully applied to describe the different parts of these systems: fluvial erosion, sediment transport and deposition, hillslope diffusion, or hydrology. Numerical frameworks exist to facilitate the combination of different subsets of laws, mostly by superposing grids of fluxes calculated independently. However the exercise becomes increasingly challenging when the different laws are inter-connected: for example when a lake breaks the upstream-downstream continuum of the amount of sediment and water it receives and transmits; or when erosional efficiency depends of the composition of a sediment flux affected by multiple processes. In this contribution, we present a method mixing the advantages of cellular-automata and graph theory to address such cases. We demonstrate how the former guarantees finite knowledge of all fluxes independently from the process-law implemented in the model while the latter offer a wide range of tools to process numerical landscapes, including landscapes with closed basins. We provide three scenario largely benefiting from our method: i) one where lake systems are primary controls on Landscape evolution, ii) one where sediment provenance is closely monitored through the stratigraphy and iii) one where heterogeneous provenance influences fluvial incision dynamically. We finally outline the way forward to make this method more generic and flexible.
Global impact of COVID-19 lockdown on surface concentration and health risk of atmospheric benzene
Authors: Ling Chaohao , Cui Lulu , Li Rui
Published: January 2023

Abstract. To curb the spread of COVID-19 pandemic, many countries around the world imposed an unprecedented lockdown producing reductions in pollutant emissions. Unfortunately, the lockdown-driven global ambient benzene changes still remained unknown. The ensemble machine-learning model coupled with the chemical transport models (CTMs) was applied to estimate global high-resolution ambient benzene levels. Afterwards, the XGBoost algorithm was employed to decouple the contributions of meteorology and emission reduction to ambient benzene. The change ratio (Pdew) of deweathered benzene concentration from pre-lockdown to lockdown period was in the order of India (−23.6 %) > Europe (−21.9 %) > United States (−16.2 %) > China (−15.6 %). The detrended change (P*) of deweathered benzene level (change ratio in 2020 – change ratio in 2019) followed the order of India (P* = −16.2 %) > Europe (P* = −13.9 %) > China (P* = −13.3 %) > United States (P* = −6.00 %). Substantial decreases of atmospheric benzene levels saved sufficient health benefits. The global average lifetime carcinogenic risks (LCR) and hazard index (HI) decreased from 4.89 × 10−7 and 5.90 × 10−3 and 4.51 × 10−7 and 5.40 × 10−3, respectively.
Large Uncertainty in Observed Meridional Stream Function Tropical Expansion
Authors: Baldassare Daniel , Reichler Thomas , Plink-Björklund Piret , Slawson Jacob
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Recent tropical expansion rate estimates vary substantially, as a multitude of methods and reanalysis datasets yield conflicting results. Among the many methods of estimating the tropical width, the meridional stream function 500 hPa zero-crossing is the most widely used, as it is directly related to the poleward edge of the Hadley Cell (HC). Other common metrics use atmospheric phenomena associated with the HC as a proxy, for instance the zonal surface wind zero-crossing. As each of these metrics require different data, each with varying error, the level of data-driven uncertainty differs between each metric. While previous work has analyzed the statistical and dynamical relationships between metrics, to date no study has quantified and compared the uncertainty in different HC metrics. In this study, we use ERA5 ensemble members, which include small perturbations in atmospheric variables based on the data error, to quantify the uncertainty associated with six commonly used HC metrics as well as the range of their trend estimates. In the Northern Hemisphere, the tropical expansion rate calculated by the stream function is roughly 0.05 degrees per decade, while the Southern Hemisphere rate is 0.2 degrees per decade. Of the six metrics, only the meridional stream function and precipitation minus evaporation have substantial uncertainties. The stream function errors are large due to uncertainty in the underlying meridional wind data and the presence of large regions of near-neutral circulation at the poleward edge of the tropics. These errors have decreased in recent decades because of improvements in the assimilated observations. Despite these improvements, we recommended using the zonal surface wind zero crossing to analyze tropical extent trends in reanalyses. This is particularly important in the Northern Hemisphere, before the year 2000, and when studying individual seasons other than winter.
A Colorful look at Climate Sensitivity
Authors: Stevens Bjorn , Kluft Lukas
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The radiative response to warming, and to changing concentrations of CO2, is studied in spectral space. If relative humidity does not change with temperature, clear-sky emissions over spectral intervals in which water vapor is optically thick become independent of surface temperature, giving rise to the idea of spectral masking. It is demonstrated that this idea allows one to derive simple, physically informative, and surprisingly accurate, expressions for the clear sky radiative forcing, radiative response to warming and hence climate sensitivity. Extending these concepts to include the effects of clouds, leads to the expectation that (i) clouds damp the clear-sky response to forcing, (ii) that diminutive clouds near the surface, which are often thought to be unimportant, may be particularly effective at enhancing the clear-sky sensitivity over deep moist tropical boundary layers; and (iii) even small changes in high-clouds over deep moist regions in the tropics makes these regions radiatively more responsive to warming that previously believed. The analysis demonstrates that the net effect of clouds on warming is ambiguous, justifying the assertion that the clear-sky (fixed RH) climate sensitivity – which after accounting for clear-sky surface albedo feedbacks, is about 3 K – provides a reasonable prior for Bayesian updates accounting for how clouds are distributed, how they they might change, and for deviations associated with changes in relative humidity with temperature. These effects are best assessed by quantifying the distribution of clouds and water vapor, and how they change, in temperature, rather than geographic space.
On the persistence of warm and cold spells in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics: regionalisation, synoptic-scale dynamics, and temperature budget
Authors: Tuel Alexandre , Martius Olivia
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Persistent warm and cold spells are often high-impact events that may lead to significant increases in mortality and crop damage, and can put substantial pressure on the power grid. Their spatial extent is seldom taken into account, or only based on case studies. Yet, the spatial dependence in prolonged warm or cold anomalies is critical to correctly understand the associated risks, whether in present-day or future climates. Here, we present a regionalisation of 3-week warm and cold spells in winter and summer across the Northern Hemisphere based on their sensitivity to the large-scale circulation. We identify spatially coherent regions and discuss the physical drivers responsible for persistent extreme temperature anomalies. Blocks are important precursors of such events – co-localized blocks for persistent summer warm spells and upstream blocks for winter cold spells. Recurrent Rossby wave patterns are also relevant for many mid-latitude regions. Additionally, summer warm spells are – unsurprisingly – often accompanied by negative precipitation anomalies that likely play an important role through land-atmosphere feedbacks.
Water release and homogenization by dynamic recrystallization of quartz
Authors: Fukuda Junichi , Okudaira Takamoto , Ohtomo Yukiko
Published: January 2023

Abstract. To evaluate changes in water distribution generated by dynamic recrystallization of quartz, we performed infrared (IR) spectroscopy mapping of quartz in deformed granite from the Wariyama uplift zone in NE Japan. We analyzed three granite samples with different degrees of deformation: almost undeformed, weakly deformed, and strongly deformed. Dynamically recrystallized quartz grains with a grain size of ~10 µm are found in these three samples, but the percentages of recrystallized grains and recrystallization processes are different. Quartz in the almost undeformed sample shows wavy grain boundaries with a few bulged quartz grains. In the weakly deformed sample, bulging of quartz is developed in regions a few hundred micrometers from adjacent host quartz grains. In the strongly deformed sample, almost all quartz grains are recrystallized by subgrain rotation. IR spectra of quartz in the three samples commonly show a broad water band owing to H2O fluid at 2800–3750 cm−1 with no structural OH bands. Water contents in host quartz grains in the almost undeformed sample are in the range of 40–1750 wt. ppm, with a mean of 500 ± 280 wt. ppm H2O. On the other hand, water contents in regions of recrystallized grains, regardless of the recrystallization processes involved, are in the range of 100–510 wt. ppm, with a mean of 220 ± 70 wt. ppm, which are low and homogeneous compared with contents in host quartz grains. Water contents in regions of subgrains are intermediate between those in host and recrystallized grains. These results for water distribution in quartz imply that water is released by dynamic recrystallization.