Performance of Scheduled Banks in India
Authors: - Laxmi Narayan Kaushik , - Dr. Manu Dogra 
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the financial performance of scheduled banks in India, specifically focusing on the distinction between public sector banks and private sector banks. By utilizing financial ratios obtained from secondary data sources such as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the study aims to uncover intrinsic differences and similarities between these two sectors. The ultimate goal is to provide insights that can inform decision-making and policy formulation for stakeholders such as policymakers, industry practitioners, and enthusiasts interested in the Indian banking sector.
Research Design: The research design employed in this study is primarily quantitative and comparative. The study utilizes secondary data obtained from sources like the RBI and money control, covering a period from 2013 to 2023. A sample size of 12 public sector banks and 21 private sector bank is selected for analysis. Financial ratios such as net profit margin, operating profit margin, return on assets, and others are calculated and compared across the selected banks to assess their financial performance. Comparative analysis, aided by tools like Excel and graphical representations, is used to interpret the data and identify trends and patterns over the ten-year period.
Results and Findings: The results of the study reveal significant variations in the financial performance of scheduled banks in India, particularly between public sector and private sector banks. HDFC Bank emerges as a top performer, consistently demonstrating high net profit margins, positive operating profit margins, and robust returns on assets. On the other hand, banks like IDBI Bank, IDFC First Bank Ltd., and Yes Bank Ltd. exhibit poor performance across multiple indicators, including negative operating profit margins and low returns on assets. Several banks, including ICICI Bank and Axis Bank, display inconsistent performance, indicating areas for improvement in operational efficiency and cost control. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of maintaining stable profitability, effective asset utilization, and prudent cost management strategies for sustainable growth in the banking sector.
Originality of the Study: This study contributes to the existing literature on the Indian banking sector by providing a comprehensive analysis of the financial performance of scheduled banks, with a specific focus on the distinction between public and private sectors. By utilizing a ten-year dataset and employing financial ratios as analytical tools, the study offers valuable insights into the dynamics of the banking industry in India. Furthermore, the comparative approach adopted in the study enhances its originality by allowing for a nuanced examination of performance trends and patterns across different banks. Overall, the study fills a gap in the literature by addressing the need for empirical research on the financial performance of scheduled banks in India, thereby offering valuable implications for policymakers, industry practitioners, and other stakeholders.