bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the volatility distribution of organic aerosol combining thermodenuder and isothermal dilution measurements
Authors: Louvaris Evangelos E. , Karnezi Eleni , Kostenidou Evangelia , Kaltsonoudis Christos , Pandis Spyros N.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. A method is developed for the determination of the organic aerosol (OA) volatility distribution combining thermodenuder and isothermal dilution measurements. The approach was tested in experiments that were conducted in a smog chamber using organic aerosol (OA) produced during meat charbroiling. A thermodenuder (TD) was operated at temperatures ranging from 25 to 250 °C with a 14 s centerline residence time coupled to a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). In parallel, a dilution chamber filled with clean air was used to dilute isothermally the aerosol of the larger chamber by approximately a factor of 10. The OA mass fraction remaining was measured as a function of temperature in the TD and as a function of time in the isothermal dilution chamber. These two sets of measurements were used together to estimate the volatility distribution of the OA and its effective vaporization enthalpy and accommodation coefficient. In the isothermal dilution experiments approximately 20 % of the OA evaporated within 15 min. Almost all the OA evaporated in the TD at approximately 200 °C. The resulting volatility distributions suggested that around 60–75 % of the cooking OA (COA) at concentrations around 500 μg m−3 consisted of low volatility organic compounds (LVOCs), 20–30 % of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and around 10 % of intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs). The estimated effective vaporization enthalpy of COA was 100 ± 20 kJ mol−1 and the effective accommodation coefficient was 0.06–0.07. Addition of the dilution measurements to the TD data results in a lower uncertainty of the estimated vaporization enthalpy as well as the SVOC content of the OA.
SMOS near real time soil moisture product: processor overview and
first validation results
Authors: Rodríguez-Fernández Nemesio , Muñoz Sabater Joaquin , Richaume Philippe , de Rosnay Patricia , Kerr Yann , Albergel Clement , Drusch Matthias , Mecklenburg Susanne
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Measurements of the surface soil moisture (SM) content are important for a wide range of applications. Among them, operational hydrology and numerical weather prediction, for instance, need soil moisture information in near-real-time (NRT), typically not later than 3 hours after sensing. The European Space Agency (ESA) Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite is the first mission specifically designed to measure soil moisture from space. The ESA level 2 SM retrieval algorithm is based on a detailed geophysical modelling and cannot provide SM in NRT. This paper presents the new ESA SMOS NRT SM product. It uses a neural network (NN) to provide SM in NRT. The NN inputs are SMOS brightness temperatures for horizontal and vertical polarizations and incidence angles from 30º to 45º. In addition, the NN uses surface soil temperature from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecast System (IFS). The NN was trained on SMOS Level 2 SM. The swath of the NRT SM retrieval is somewhat narrower (~ 915 km) than that of the L2 SM dataset (~ 1150 km), which implies a slightly lower revisit time. The new SMOS NRT SM product was compared to the SMOS Level 2 SM product. The NRT SM data shows a standard deviation of the difference with respect to the L2 data of
A two-parameter design storm for Mediterranean convective rainfall
Authors: García-Bartual Rafael , Andrés-Doménech Ignacio
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The following research explores the feasibility of building effective design storms for extreme hydrological regimes, such as the one which characterizes the rainfall regime of the east and south-east of the Iberian Peninsula, without employing intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves as a starting point. Nowadays, after decades of functioning hydrological automatic networks, there is an abundance of high-resolution rainfall data with a reasonable statistic representation, which enable the direct research of temporal patterns and inner structures of rainfall events at a given geographic location, with the aim of establishing a statistical synthesis directly based on those observed patterns. The authors propose a temporal design storm defined in analytical terms, through a two-parameter gamma-type function. The two parameters are directly estimated from 73 independent storms identified from rainfall records of high temporal resolution in Valencia (Spain). All the relevant analytical properties derived from that function are developed in order to use this storm in real applications. In particular, in order to assign a probability to the design storm (return period), an auxiliary variable combining maximum intensity and total cumulated rainfall is introduced. As a result, for a given return period, a set of three storms with different duration, depth and peak intensity are defined. The consistency of the results is verified by means of comparison with the classic method of alternating blocks based on an IDF curve, for the above mentioned study case.
Intensity–duration–frequency curves from remote sensing rainfall estimates: comparing satellite and weather radar over the eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Marra Francesco , Morin Efrat , Peleg Nadav , Mei Yiwen , Anagnostou Emmanouil N.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves are widely used to quantify the probability of occurrence of rainfall extremes. The usual rain gauge-based approach provides accurate curves for a specific location, but uncertainties arise when ungauged regions are examined or catchment-scale information is required. Remote sensing rainfall records, e.g. from weather radars and satellites, are recently becoming available, providing high-resolution estimates at regional or even global scales; their uncertainty and implications on water resources applications urge to be investigated. This study compares IDF curves from radar and satellite (CMORPH) estimates over the eastern Mediterranean (covering Mediterranean, semiarid, and arid climates) and quantifies the uncertainty related to their limited record on varying climates. We show that radar identifies thicker-tailed distributions than satellite, in particular for short durations, and that the tail of the distributions depends on the spatial and temporal aggregation scales. The spatial correlation between radar IDF and satellite IDF is as high as 0.7 for 2–5-year return period and decreases with longer return periods, especially for short durations. The uncertainty related to the use of short records is important when the record length is comparable to the return period ( ∼  50,  ∼  100, and  ∼  150 % for Mediterranean, semiarid, and arid climates, respectively). The agreement between IDF curves derived from different sensors on Mediterranean and, to a good extent, semiarid climates, demonstrates the potential of remote sensing datasets and instils confidence on their quantitative use for ungauged areas of the Earth.
The spatial distribution and temporal variation of desert riparian forests and their influencing factors in the downstream Heihe River basin, China
Authors: Ding Jingyi , Zhao Wenwu , Daryanto Stefani , Wang Lixin , Fan Hao , Feng Qiang , Wang Yaping
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Desert riparian forests are the main restored vegetation community in Heihe River basin. They provide critical habitats and a variety of ecosystem services in this arid environment. Since desert riparian forests are also sensitive to disturbance, examining the spatial distribution and temporal variation of these forests and their influencing factors is important to determine the limiting factors of vegetation recovery after long-term restoration. In this study, field experiment and remote sensing data were used to determine the spatial distribution and temporal variation of desert riparian forests and their relationship with the environmental factors. We classified five types of vegetation communities at different distances from the river channel. Community coverage and diversity formed a bimodal pattern, peaking at the distances of 1000 and 3000 m from the river channel. In general, the temporal normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) trend from 2000 to 2014 was positive at different distances from the river channel, except for the region closest to the river bank (i.e. within 500 m from the river channel), which had been undergoing degradation since 2011. The spatial distribution of desert riparian forests was mainly influenced by the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties (e.g. soil moisture, bulk density and soil particle composition). Meanwhile, while the temporal variation of vegetation was affected by both the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties (e.g. soil moisture and soil particle composition) and to a lesser extent, the temporal variation of water availability (e.g. annual average and variability of groundwater, soil moisture and runoff). Since surface (0–30 cm) and deep (100–200 cm) soil moisture, bulk density and the annual average of soil moisture at 100 cm obtained from the remote sensing data were regarded as major determining factors of community distribution and temporal variation, conservation measures that protect the soil structure and prevent soil moisture depletion (e.g. artificial soil cover and water conveyance channels) were suggested to better protect desert riparian forests under climate change and intensive human disturbance.
obspyDMT: A Python Toolbox for Retrieving and Processing of Large Seismological Datasets
Authors: Hosseini Kasra , Sigloch Karin
Published: May 2017

Abstract. We present obspyDMT, a free, open source software toolbox for the query, retrieval, processing and management of seismological data sets, including very large, heterogeneous, and/or dynamically growing ones. obspyDMT simplifies and speeds up user-interaction with data centres, in more versatile ways than existing tools. The user is shielded from the complexities of interacting with different data centres and data exchange protocols, and is provided with powerful diagnostic and plotting tools to check the retrieved data and meta-data. While primarily a productivity tool for research seismologists and observatories, easy-to-use syntax and plotting functionality also make obspyDMT an effective teaching aid. Written in the Python programming language, it can be used as a stand-alone command line tool (requiring no knowledge of Python) or can be integrated as a module with other Python codes. It facilitates data archival, pre-processing, instrument correction, and quality control -- routine but non-trivial tasks that can consume much user time. We describe obspyDMT's functionality, design and technical implementation, accompanied by an overview of its use cases. As an example of a typical problem encountered in seismogram preprocessing, we show how to check for inconsistencies in response files of two example stations. We also demonstrate the fully automated request, remote computation, and retrieval of synthetic seismograms from IRIS DMC's Syngine webservice.
Evaluation of digital soil mapping approaches with large sets of environmental covariates
Authors: Nussbaum Madlene , Spiess Kay , Baltensweiler Andri , Grob Urs , Keller Armin , Greiner Lucie , Schaepman Michael E. , Papritz Andreas
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Spatial assessment of soil functions requires maps of basic soil properties. Unfortunately, these are either missing for many regions or are not available at the desired spatial resolution or down to required soil depth. Conventional soil map generation remains costly. Field based generation of large soil data sets and of conventional soil maps remains costly. Meanwhile, soil legacy data and comprehensive sets of spatial environmental data are available for many regions. Digital soil mapping (DSM) approaches – relating soil data (responses) to environmental data (covariates) – are facing the challenge to build statistical models from large sets of covariates originating for example from airborne imaging spectroscopy or multi-scale terrain analysis. We evaluated six approaches for DSM in three study regions in Switzerland (Berne, Greifensee, ZH forest) by mapping effective soil depth available to plants (SD), pH, soil organic matter (SOM), effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), clay, silt, gravel content and bulk density for four soil layers (totalling 48 responses). Models were built from 300–500 environmental covariates by selecting linear models by (1) grouped lasso and by an ad-hoc stepwise procedure for (2) robust external-drift kriging (EDK). For (3) geoadditive models we selected penalized smoothing spline terms by componentwise gradient boosting (geoGAM). We further used two tree-based methods: (4) boosted regression trees (BRT) and (5) Random Forest (RF). Lastly, we computed (6) weighted model averages (MA) from predictions obtained from methods 1–5. Lasso, georob and geoGAM successfully selected strongly reduced sets of covariates (subsets of 3–6 % of all covariates). To automatically select a sparse trend model for EDK was however difficult, and the applied ad hoc procedure was computationally inefficient and over-fitted the data. Differences in predictive performance, tested on independent validation data, were mostly small and did not reveal a single best method for 48 responses. Nevertheless, RF was on average often best among methods 1–5 (28 of 48 responses), but was outcompeted by MA for 14 of these 28 responses. RF tended to over-fit the data. Performance of BRT was slightly worse than RF. GeoGAM performed poorly on some responses and was only best for 7 of 48 responses. Predictive precision of lasso was intermediate. All models generally had small bias. Only the computationally very efficient lasso had slightly larger bias likely because it tended to under-fit the data. Summarizing, although differences were small, the frequencies of best and worst performance clearly favoured RF if a single method is applied MA if multiple prediction models can be developed.
How unusual was 2015 in the 1984–2015 period of North Cascade Glacier Annual Mass Balance?
Authors: Pelto Mauri S.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. In 1983 the North Cascade Glacier Climate Project (NCGCP) began annual monitoring 10 glaciers throughout the range, to identify their response to climate change. The annual observations include mass balance, terminus behaviour, and accumulation area ratio (AAR). Annual mass balance (Ba) measurements have been continued on 7 original glaciers that still exist. Two glaciers have disappeared: the Lewis Glacier and Spider Glacier. Foss Glacier was discontinued in 2014 as it has separated into several sections. In 1990, Easton Glacier and Sholes Glacier were added to the annual balance program. This comparatively long record from glaciers in one region conducted by the same research program using the same methods offers some useful comparative data to place the impact of regional climate warmth of 2015 in perspective. The mean annual balance of the North Cascade glaciers is reported in water equivalent thicknesses to the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS). From 1984–2015 the mean Ba is –0.54 ma-1, ranging from –0.44 to –0.67  ma-1 for individual glacier's. This is equivalent to the WGMS global average for this period of –0.56 ma-1. The cumulative loss of 17.2 m w.e. and ~ 19 m of ice thickness represents more than 30 % of the volume of the glaciers. In 2015 the mean Ba of nine North Cascade glaciers was –3.10 m w.e., the most negative in the 32 year record, with 2005 the previous maximum loss at –2.84 m. The mean AAR of 3 % was likewise a minimum, previous minimum was 16 % in 2005. The correlation coefficient of Ba is above 0.80 between all glaciers including the USGS benchmark glacier, South Cascade Glacier. This indicates that the response is regional and not controlled by local factors. The similar mass balance losses in alpine glacier regions globally suggest global climate change is the principal driving force.
AS CONCEPÇÕES DE LINGUA(GEM) E SUA CONTRIBUIÇÃO NO ESTUDO DAS FRASEOLOGIAS DA LÍNGUA AFRICANA TEWE
Authors: QUIRAQUE Zacarias Alberto S.
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar breves considerações sobre as concepções de linguagem desde a Antiguidade até a linguística moderna (SAUSSURE, 1916), e mostrar a importância das suas contribuições para os estudos das fraseologias, em particular dos provérbios da língua africana tewe. Ademais, será nosso propósito demonstrar o quão estes estudos contribuíram substancialmente para os estudos das fraseologias, por estas constituírem um repositório e riqueza da cultura de um povo. Através do método de revisão bibliográfica e introspetivo, concluímos que apesar de os estudos de linguagem na Antiguidade permaneceram como objeto de especulação e não de observação, isto é, não houve preocupação em estudar e descrever a linguagem por ela mesma, nem em verificar se as categorias fundadas em gramática grega ou latina tinham validade geral (BENVENISTE, 1995), já era notório o interesse, por alguns linguistas, no estudo das unidades fraseológicas, que trazem consigo o conhecimento, mito, as crenças, costumes, comparações e similitudes etc. de cada comunidade linguística.
The Foreign Exchange Exposures and Enterprise Risk Management: Evidence from Hospitality Industry in Taiwan
Authors: Hsiao Chiu Ming
Published: May 2017

This paper adopts ARIMA model to explore the relationship between business performance and the fluctuation of exchange rate. The empirical results show that the impacts of the fluctuation of foreign exchange rate on the business performance of hotels are significant and different across currencies and the size of a hotel.  Furthermore, based on the framework of Kim (2013), a modern portfolio theory proposed by Markowitz (1952) gives an optimal allocation of foreign exchange for a hotel’s decision-makers, who would avoid exchange rate risk exposure and complete the construction of enterprise risk management system (ERM) to reduce losses.
Property Risk, Foreclosure Costs and Rational Lending Discrimination
Authors: Nickerson David , Scofield David
Published: May 2017

Observations of significant differences in access to credit, loan terms and the volume of lending between demographically distinct groups of borrowers are often interpreted as evidence of potential ethnic, racial or gender discrimination by lenders. The competitive structure of credit markets and the accuracy of measuring individual credit risk render extant models of lending discrimination based on assumptions of credit market inefficiencies, such as adverse selection, increasingly implausible. In stark contrast to existing models of demographic discrimination, we consider a model of mortgage lending in an economy having complete markets, common knowledge and arbitrage-free pricing. Market equilibria in this classical environment may exhibit discrimination even when borrowers, who are distinguished only by observable demographic traits, share an identical measure of individual credit risk. Relatively costlier loan terms, a higher frequency of loan denials, or a complete rationing of credit to a particular demographic class of borrowers may be a value-maximizing strategy when rational lenders perceive that one or more such traits are directly related to adverse features of the representative property securing the loan to a borrower in this class. Omitted from standard statistical underwriting and regulatory review procedures, these features reduce the value of the collateral available to the lender in the event of future default. When loans are secured by such properties and both lenders and borrowers act strategically, discrimination on this basis will be a property of all market equilibria and can be consistent with an efficient allocation of credit.
Optimization of the Extraction and Nutritional Value of Tiger Nut Milk by Sequential Design Strategy
Authors: Costa neto Jonas Jesus gomes , Amaral Priscilla Filomena Fonseca , Rocha Leão Maria Helena Miguez , Gomes Taisa Lisboa Montagner , Sant'Ana Gizele Cardoso Fontes
Published: May 2017

Sequential experimental design strategy was applied in order to investigate the best conditions for tiger nut milk extraction process taking into account performance and physicochemical features, simultaneously. Protein, lipid, starch, calcium and total sugar composition were considered for this optimization. The tested factors were: sodium metabisulphite concentration (X1), soaking time (X2), soaking temperature (X3) and water proportion (X4). From the 24-1 fractional factorial design all independent variables were found to be statistically significant (p <0.1) and X1, X2 and X3 were chosen for the central composite design as water proportion was already in the minimum value. The best operational conditions, obtained by desirability function, were: 8 h of soaking time, 22° C for soaking temperature, 0.20% (w/v) of sodium metabisulphite and 1:1 tuber (g): water (ml) proportion. In those conditions a 78% yield was obtained for a tiger nut milk with 2.60% protein, 3.7% total sugar and 8.72% starch. The high yield obtained and the great nutritional value shows that this milk has a great potential for application in the food industry.
O Outro e o desafio dos direitos humanos: uma análise fundada na Opinião Consultiva nº 18/03
Authors: Souza Elden Borges
Published: May 2017

A crise europeia dos refugiados fez emergir um dos problemas centrais dos Direitos Humanos, o reconhecimento do outro como sujeito de direitos, respeitando sua singularidade. Essa questão de como lidar com a diversidade sobre aspectos fundamentais da vida humana é um pressuposto na discussão sobre os direitos humanos. Trata-se, na verdade, de uma discussão sobre a relação entre igualdade e direitos humanos. Por isso, organismos internacionais já precisaram se manifestar nessa matéria. No Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos o marco dessa discussão é a Opinião Consultiva nº 18/03. Considerando essa manifestação, o objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar como se dá a relação entre igualdade e direitos humanos em um contexto em que o contato com o Outro é marcado pela diversidade e pelo desafio de reconhecimento sem eliminação da identidade. A metodologia empregada foi de pesquisa bibliográfica.
The Impact of Incidental and Intentional L2 Vocabulary Learning on Depths and Breadth Dimensions of Vocabulary Knowledge
Authors: Mirghasempoor Ahmadi Seyyed Rasool
Published: May 2017

Through the introduction of different dimensions of vocabulary knowledge, various studies attempted to examinenumerous effective factors on these dimensions. The present study aimed to show the effects of different vocabularylearning styles through extensive and intensive reading programs on depth and breadth aspects of vocabularyknowledge. To achieve this goal, 45 sophomore undergraduate students of English language teaching and translationin Payam-e-Noor University participated in this study. Initially, in order to homogenize the learners based on theirlevel of language proficiency, MEPT was administered. Then, by measuring the mean and standard deviation ofparticipants’ scores, the number of participants reduced to 35. The ultimate subjects’ scores on the readingcomprehension items of MEPT show that they are all at the intermediate level of reading ability. Participantsdivided into three experimental groups randomly: two groups were in the extensive reading program with differentform-focused and meaning-focused tasks as incidental vocabulary learning style. And the third group was in theintensive reading program as intentional vocabulary learning style. Participants in these experimental groups readlong stories or passages per week with ten goal-oriented words. After 8 weeks, Word Associates Test (WAT) andVocabulary Knowledge Scale (VKS) were administered to measure the acquired knowledge of new words and also,determining the effects of various learning styles on different dimensions of vocabulary knowledge. The results ofPaired-samples and Independent T-tests revealed that both incidental and intentional groups developed in the periodbetween the pre- and post-test, but, there was a significant difference between the effects of incidental vocabularylearning in the form of ER program and intentional vocabulary learning in the form of IR program. Moreover, therewas a significant difference between the effects of the form-focused and meaning-focused task.
Error reporting from the da Vinci surgical system in robotic surgery: A Canadian multispecialty experience at a single academic centre
Authors: Rajih Emad , Tholomier Côme , Cormier Beatrice , Samouëlian Vanessa , Warkus Thomas , Liberman Moishe , Widmer Hugues , Lattouf Jean-Baptiste , Alenizi Abdullah M. , Meskawi Malek , Valdivieso Roger , Hueber Pierre-Alain , Karakewicz Pierre I. , El-Hakim Assaad , Zorn Kevin C.
Published: May 2017

Introduction: The goal of the study is to evaluate and report on the third-generation da Vinci surgical (Si) system malfunctions.Methods: A total of 1228 robotic surgeries were performed between January 2012 and December 2015 at our academic centre. All cases were performed by using a single, dual console, four-arm, da Vinci Si robot system. The three specialties included urology, gynecology, and thoracic surgery. Studied outcomes included the robotic surgical error types, immediate consequences, and operative side effects. Error rate trend with time was also examined.Results: Overall robotic malfunctions were documented on the da Vinci Si systems event log in 4.97% (61/1228) of the cases. The most common error was related to pressure sensors in the robotic arms indicating out of limit output. This recoverable fault was noted in 2.04% (25/1228) of cases. Other errors included unrecoverable electronic communication-related in 1.06% (13/1228) of cases, failed encoder error in 0.57% (7/1228), illuminator-related in 0.33% (4/1228), faulty switch in 0.24% (3/1228), battery-related failures in 0.24% (3/1228), and software/hardware error in 0.08% (1/1228) of cases. Surgical delay was reported only in one patient. No conversion to either open or laparoscopic occurred secondary to robotic malfunctions. In 2015, the incidence of robotic error rose to 1.71% (21/1228) from 0.81% (10/1228) in 2014.Conclusions: Robotic malfunction is not infrequent in the current era of robotic surgery in various surgical subspecialties, but rarely consequential. Their seldom occurrence does not seem to affect patient safety or surgical outcome.
Connecting dark matter particles with the primary, obscure and normal particles through implicit causality
Authors: Soln Josip
Published: May 2017

The primary, obscure and normal particles with respective limiting velocities c1, c2 and c3,solutions from bicubic equation, offer comfortable venues to tackle the newly emergent dark matter particles. Particular emphasis is given to particles with velocities of O(10-3c) ( with c the velocity of light) and whose energies are from 1eV to over 100GeV for which the congruent parameter z = 3p3mv2/2E assumes values of 10-6 and 10-7. At z = 10-6 with mc2 = 100GeV one can have E = 260GeV or with E = 1eV one can have mc2 = 0:38eV; while at z = 10-7 with mc2 = 100GeV one can have E = 2:6TeV or with E = 1eV one can have mc2 = 0:038eV. The small values of the congruent parameter z allow the limiting velocities c1, c2 and c3 as well as the resulting energy expressions be written down perturbatevly in terms of the congruent parameter z.It is shown that for mc2 = 100GeV particle in the MilkyWay Dark Matter Velocity Profile (Laha, 2016), the derived limiting velocities of primary, obscure and normal particles as dark matter particles are: c1 = 1; 7c (z = 10-7), 1:34c; 2:15c (z = 10-6); c2 = +-i1; 7c (z = 10-7), +-i1:34c; +-i2:15c (z = 10-6), and c3 = v (z = 10-7; 10-6). Perturbatively, for a very small common primary and obscure particle velocity v compared to the absolute values of their limiting velocities, one shows that the obscure particle acquires (-mv2) intrinsic negative energy with respect to the primary particle,with m being their common mass.
Het subversieve Brabant
Authors: Klerks P.
Published: May 2017

Subversive Brabant

Various forms of organized crime are concentrated in the Dutch province of North Brabant, bordering Belgium. In this essay it is argued that specific historic, geographic, social economic, cultural and social psychological factors created an enduring window of opportunity in which criminality can flourish. Brabant is portrayed as a marginalized province that suffered from war, exploitation by the central government, rural gangs, a lack of law enforcement, extreme poverty as well as from discrimination because of its mainly catholic population. Against this background the population developed a mentality of solving problems on their own. Their survival strategies implied not only legal activities like agriculture and small-scale production in private houses, workplaces and factories, but also smuggling and illegal alcohol production. In more recent times the production of synthetic drugs, growing cannabis and transport criminality became widespread.
De verschuiving van illegale drugsmarkten van Nederland naar België
Authors: De Middeleer F. , De Ruyver B.
Published: May 2017

The displacement of illegal drug markets from the Netherlands to Belgium. Perception or reality?

Recent figures indicate that certain drug markets, or at least parts of it, shift from the Netherlands to Belgium. However, it is still unclear whether it is a displacement of some parts of the illicit drug markets or whether it should be seen as a diversification of certain parts of some illicit drug markets in terms of spreading of risks and taking profit of new opportunities. In this respect, this article contributes to an ongoing research (DISMARK) by providing an overview of drug policy measures most recently taken by the Netherlands, from a Belgian point of view, and by trying to link these developments to drug-related trends in Belgium. It is clear that both countries will have to invest in a common approach of their common drug problems. However, it is not yet possible to draw any profound conclusions on the actual displacement of illicit drug markets.
Covidence and Rayyan
Authors: Couban Rachel
Published: May 2017

Two new software products are making a splash in the world of systematic reviews, Covidence and Rayyan. Both have ben developed from within the SR community, by and for users, on a not-for-profit basis. Rayyan is free for anyone, and Covidence is free for Cochrane Reviews. Both are user-friendly and work well for title and abstract screening!
Evaluation of the Long-Term Impact of a Curriculum-Integrated Medical Information Literacy Program
Authors: Maranda Suzanne , Harding Brittany , Kinderman Laura
Published: May 2017

Introduction: Medical libraries have long provided educational programs to support evidence-based practice. Medical students at Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, participate in a curriculum-integrated information literacy program during the first two years of medical school. Do they retain, improve, or forget the skills? Do they continue to use the library resources during clerkship? Did they encounter barriers to prevent them from using the resources? Methods: A short survey was administered to 99 students at the end of medical school. The survey included questions about medical students’ attitudes and behaviours, their use of information resources, and their medical information literacy knowledge. Some of the knowledge questions were compared to pre- and post-tests that the same class completed in first year. Results: Fifty-three students completed the survey. The students rated their abilities very highly but there was only a weak positive relationship with the knowledge scores. Information resources were well used, both for clinical questions and to complete the mini-scholar exercises.Discussion: Medical students feel better prepared to answer clinical questions and their skills improved or remained the same for the content that could be compared between first and fourth year. Different resources were used for day-to day information needs and for the completion of the minischolar exercises. The results will inform changes to the Medical Information Literacy program at Queen’s University. The librarians will explore some of the barriers to access to ensure that future students can use information resources with more ease while away from campus.
Лукізм: україномовна версія
Authors: Chernenko Anna
Published: May 2017

The author reveals the existance of such kind of hate speech as lооkism in the Ukrainian
language. For these purposes the data of lexicographical sources has been analyzed.
Diff erent manifestations of lookism in the Ukrainian language system have been described,
among them: the lexemes and idioms (including proverbs and sayings) that name the
peculiarities of a person’s appearance and have axiological connotative components in their
meanings. Special attention has been paid to the usage labels and examples given in the
defi nitions from dictionaries. Besides, the author emphasizes the importance of dictionaries
as a means of fi xation, preservation and transmission of social values, including the
discriminatory attitudes.
Відображення суспільного статусу руської (української) мови
у правових документах ХVI ст
Authors: Farion Irina
Published: May 2017

Social status of the Rus (Ukrainian) language in the diachrony, namely in the 16th century,
is the representation of the language-ethnical (national) consciousness of that time
and the ability of the then Rus’ elite to legally maintain the main spiritual backbone of the
nation, i.e. language, despite the loss of the own state. The subject of research is the evolution
of the Rus language through the prism of signifi cant legal documents of the 16th century
and identifying main language problems in the context of: 1. The creation of socio-demographic
basis of the language functioning through the prism of opposition
domestic-foreign; 2. The legal directions of the social status of the Rus language; 3. Defi ning
motivational components of the struggle for the status of the Rus language. The main
sources of research are the Statutes of Lithuania of 1529, 1566 and 1588, and the petitions
of the Rus nobility to the king of Rich Pospolyta (the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth).
Аналітичні публікації Петра
Волиняка: ідеологічний аспект
(на матеріалі „Нових Днів”
за 1950–1951 роки)
Authors: Yablonsky Maksim
Published: May 2017

The article analyses the analytical publications of the editor of the monthly ”Novi Dni”
(Toronto) Petro Volyak during the years 1950–1951, with a particular focus on the ideological
aspect. It analyses the actual social and political issues of the articles, reviews and
a commentary related to the events in the Soviet Union and Canada. It demonstrates how
Petro Volyak comprehended literary and artistic problems in relation to the ideological
aspect. It is concluded that the publicist used research methods such as analysis, synthesis,
comparison, and generalization. It was found that the ideological aspect in Petro Volyak’s
analytical publications was realized with the help of the analysis of social facts and phenomena,
press review, historical tours, elements of journalism investigation and forecasting.
A signifi cant role of personal experience of the author is emphasized.
LUDICIDADE: O JOGO E A BRINCADEIRA NA LINGUAGEM DA DANÇA
Authors: Kellermann Mariana Marques
Published: May 2017

Este artigo propõe reflexão sobre a importância do desenvolvimento psicomotor no ensino-aprendizagem da dança, seja nos conteúdos apresentados pela escola formal, seja nas escolas de dança que se interessam pelos estudos da percepção corporal e por seu desenvolvimento lúdico como fio condutor para a compreensão de um ser integrado. O objetivo é mapear jogos e brincadeiras surgidos da intensidade e da espontaneidade nas aulas de dança com crianças de 7 a 9 anos de idade que pretendiam ingressar em Cursos de Formação para Bailarinos na Escola de Teatro e Dança da Universidade Federal do Pará (ETDUFPA) em 2003, na cidade de Belém do Pará.

 

ABSTRACT

This article proposes a reflection towards the importance of the psychomotor development in the teaching/learning of dance, be it in the regular school curricula or in the dance schools interested in body perception and its ludic development as guidance to the understanding of an integrated being. The objective is to map games and plays springing from the intensity and spontaneity in dance classes with 7-to-9 year old children, who intended to enter training courses for ballet dancers at the Federal University of Pará’s Drama and Dance School (ETDUFPA) in 2003, Belém city, state of Pará.

Keywords: Edutainment. Body. Dance. Movement.
Applying welfare science to bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Clegg ILK , Van Elk CE , Delfour F
Published: May 2017

Animal welfare science is a burgeoning field, but research on cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) is lacking. Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are the most well-known and studied cetaceans, particularly in captivity, and thus are used in this review as a model for other cetacean species. Despite the public interest and need for such research, studies specifically investigating dolphin welfare are lacking. This review uses the three broad categories of behaviour, health, and cognition, to discuss how dolphin welfare has been assessed thus far, and could be assessed in future. We present welfare indicators validated in other species that could be applied to dolphins, including innovative measures, such as cognitive appraisal of emotions. We provide a summary of practical recommendations for validating the indicators of bottlenose dolphin welfare. This paper aims to stimulate further research into dolphin welfare which could improve the lives of the animals themselves and ultimately support regulatory decisions. We recommend uniting expertise in cetology and welfare science in order to develop a holistic approach to dolphin welfare assessment.
Purchasing popular purebreds: investigating the influence of breed-type on the pre-purchase motivations and behaviour of dog owners
Authors: Packer RMA , Murphy D , Farnworth MJ
Published: May 2017

How and why dog owners select a specific breed may impact upon the health of the dog they acquire, and upon the wider health of the breed they select. Brachycephalic breeds are rapidly increasing in popularity despite increasing evidence linking brachycephalism with chronic and severe health conditions. This study used a questionnaire to explore pre-, during and post-purchase behaviours and attitudes of dog-owners who own popular brachycephalic dog breeds (n = 3 breeds) compared to popular non-brachycephalic dog breeds (n = 7 breeds). The survey received 1,427 valid responses. Brachycephalic breed owners were younger, more likely to live with children, and to be buying their chosen breed for the first time. The factor that most highly influenced brachycephalic owners’ decisions to buy their breed was appearance, followed by breed size suited to lifestyle, good dog breed for children and good companion breed. Perceived health of the breed was less influential in decision-making for brachycephalic owners compared to non-brachycephalic owners. The way in which owners acquired their dog differed by breed type, with brachycephalic owners more likely to use puppyselling websites to find their dog, less likely to see either parent of their puppy, and less likely to ask to see any health records. Despite many brachycephalic breed health issues being directly related to conformation, appearance remains the most significant determinant in why people desire these breeds. More targeted educational interventions are needed to change buyer attitudes and, if ineffective, other more direct mechanisms (eg legislation) may be required to protect canine welfare.
La prise de parole poétique de la longue décennie 1970 : une trace de la franco-américanité
Authors: Thibeault Jimmy
Published: May 2017

Ce texte aborde le discours poétique d’affirmation identitaire qui se met en place en Acadie et en Ontario français au cours des années 1970 et 1980, à travers le prisme de la franco-américanité. Au lendemain de la Révolution tranquille québécoise et de l’éclatement du Canada français tel qu’on le connaissait jusque-là, on constate une volonté des artistes acadiens et franco-ontariens d’affirmer leur identité. Cette volonté est particulièrement présente en poésie, un genre qui contribuera largement à donner une nouvelle profondeur sémiotique à la région à laquelle se rattachent les auteurs. Si chacun a son identité propre, un regard sur l’ensemble de leurs textes permet de relever certaines similitudes dans le processus d’affirmation tel qu’il se produit en Acadie et en Ontario français. C’est à partir de ces ressemblances que Jimmy Thibeault s’interroge sur la possible réactualisation d’un Canada français, non plus envisagé dans un esprit national, mais comme une pluralité de voix porteuses d’une certaine franco-américanité.
Évolution de la poésie contemporaine du Manitoba français (1970-1985) : Paul Savoie, J. R. Léveillé et Charles Leblanc
Authors: Gaboury-Diallo Lise
Published: May 2017

Cet essai propose une étude de l’oeuvre de trois poètes qui ont occupé l’avant-scène littéraire du Manitoba français pendant la « longue décennie » 1970. En publiant leurs premiers recueils de poésie au cours de ces années, Paul Savoie, Joseph Roger Louis (J. R.) Léveillé et Charles Leblanc deviennent les fers de lance d’une littérature franco-canadienne différente et autre. Résolument tournés vers l’avenir, ces trois auteurs optent pour la modernité à une époque où le Manitoba français subit de profondes mutations, tant politiques que socioculturelles.
Court-circuitages dionysiaques de la filiation, stérilisation imaginaire et bébés jetés avec l’eau du bain : malaise dans la contre-culture québécoise
Authors: Bissonnette Thierry
Published: May 2017

La mouvance contre-culturelle québécoise, en affichant un rejet de la figure paternelle et du passé, fait ressortir certaines apories typiques de la modernité. Cet article examine le difficile rapport à la durée et à la transmission qui caractérise plusieurs oeuvres emblématiques en poésie, en particulier celles de Claude Péloquin et de Lucien Francoeur. Dans ces dernières, on voit se profiler un repli progressif vers la transgression instituée, un déclin du présent créateur vers l’image passée de la création personnelle, ce qui amène ces écrivains à remettre en question leur pratique d’écriture et leur statut, et à ressentir un malaise face à leurs successeurs. Ayant maudit la fonction paternelle, ces poètes éprouvent naturellement de la difficulté à devenir eux-mêmes des pères, à manier le capital symbolique acquis précédemment. Par contraste, on pourrait dégager une éthique de la transmission du refus grâce à laquelle, sans renier la phase d’opposition virulente, il s’agirait de retrouver un sens à la « famille », littéraire autant qu’humaine.
Homo naledi and Pleistocene hominin evolution in subequatorial Africa
Authors: Berger Lee R , Hawks John , Dirks Paul HGM , Elliott Marina , Roberts Eric M
Published: May 2017

New discoveries and dating of fossil remains from the Rising Star cave system, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa, have strong implications for our understanding of Pleistocene human evolution in Africa. Direct dating of Homo naledi fossils from the Dinaledi Chamber (Berger et al., 2015) shows that they were deposited between about 236 ka and 335 ka (Dirks et al., 2017), placing H. naledi in the later Middle Pleistocene. Hawks and colleagues (Hawks et al., 2017) report the discovery of a second chamber within the Rising Star system (Dirks et al., 2015) that contains H. naledi remains. Previously, only large-brained modern humans or their close relatives had been demonstrated to exist at this late time in Africa, but the fossil evidence for any hominins in subequatorial Africa was very sparse. It is now evident that a diversity of hominin lineages existed in this region, with some divergent lineages contributing DNA to living humans and at least H. naledi representing a survivor from the earliest stages of diversification within Homo. The existence of a diverse array of hominins in subequatorial comports with our present knowledge of diversity across other savanna-adapted species, as well as with palaeoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. H. naledi casts the fossil and archaeological records into a new light, as we cannot exclude that this lineage was responsible for the production of Acheulean or Middle Stone Age tool industries.
Evolution of reduced co-activator dependence led to target expansion of a starvation response pathway
Authors: He Bin Z , Zhou Xu , O’Shea Erin K
Published: May 2017

Although combinatorial regulation is a common feature in gene regulatory networks, how it evolves and affects network structure and function is not well understood. In S. cerevisiae, the phosphate starvation (PHO) responsive transcription factors Pho4 and Pho2 are required for gene induction and survival during phosphate starvation. In the related human commensal C. glabrata, Pho4 is required but Pho2 is dispensable for survival in phosphate starvation and is only partially required for inducing PHO genes. Phylogenetic survey suggests that reduced dependence on Pho2 evolved in C. glabrata and closely related species. In S. cerevisiae, less Pho2-dependent Pho4 orthologs induce more genes. In C. glabrata, its Pho4 binds to more locations and induces three times as many genes as Pho4 in S. cerevisiae does. Our work shows how evolution of combinatorial regulation allows for rapid expansion of a gene regulatory network’s targets, possibly extending its physiological functions.
A Corpus-Based Evaluation on Two Different English for Nursing Purposes (ENP) Course Books
Authors: Fairus Nor Mohamad Alif , Nor Puteh Sharifah
Published: May 2017

It is difficult for most of the second language learners in Malaysia to function proficiently in English language due to limited vocabulary knowledge. It has also been challenging for TESL graduates to fit in as ENP teachers due to the lack of specialized vocabulary knowledge in nursing field.  Thus, a course books has always been a highly dependable aid in facilitating the teaching and learning in an ENP classroom. The objective of this research is to identify the possible pedagogical aspects of two ENP commercial course books (Oxford English for Careers Nursing 1” (OEFCN1) written by Tony Grice and “Nursing Your English Second Edition” (NYE) by Siti Salina Salim and Mazura Mastura Muhammad) in socializing learners into their discourse communities. The present research looks at the extent of vocabulary coverage in comparison with General Service List (GSL), Academic Word List (AWL), Nursing Education Word List (NEWL) and the 2,000 most frequent nursing words.  These course books were photocopied, scanned and converted into computer text files before they were analyzed using WordSmith 4.0 as it is able to provide elemental knowledge on the vocabulary coverage in both course books.  The results indicated that both books showed significant result in terms of their coverage based on the three word lists. On the other hand, it is proven that the 2000 most frequent nursing words wordlist is not able to cover as much tokens as compared to GSL, AWL and NEWL combined.