bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Study of Resource Management Silver Pomfret (Pampus argentus) and Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) in Cirebon District, West Java - Indonesia
Authors: Fidhiani Dayang Diah , Rachmawani Dori
Published: March 2023

The result catches Fish of Silver pomfret (Pampus argentus), and Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) contributed significantly to improving the welfare of Fishermen, especially Cirebon Regency of West Java. The study aimed to estimate the optimal utilization and formulate Fisheries Management Models. To pass the estimation and management model, used the Model Bioeconomy. The results obtained from the estimated balance of the Bioeconomy optimum utilization of fishery resources fish of Barramundi the Harvest of 707,18 kg/year, efforts of 7063,49 trips/year, and Phi of Rp.15.824.173, 45/year and fish of Silver pomfret the Harvest of 280,96 kg/year, efforts of 2660,20 trips/year, and phi of Rp.2.400.882,73/year and then be created for the formulation of Economic Models of Resource Management fish of Silver pomfret and Barramundi optimal and sustainable in Cirebon Regency is the management regime based on sole owner/Maximum Economic Yield (MEY to form the optimal management of effort and catch.
Phytochemical Study and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Extracts of the Roots of Chrysopogon nigritanus
Authors: Mbodj Mamadou , Gaye Aissatou Alioune , Samb Issa , Gaye Mohamed Lamine
Published: March 2023

In this work, we were interested in a medicinal plant named Chrysopogon nigritanus, belonging to the Poaceae family. In order to carry out this study, we were interested first in the phytochemical screening test, after having carried out the extraction with two solvents (water and isopropanol), to characterize the different families of metabolites present in the extracts. Then, the assays of polyphenols and flavonoids were carried out in order to quantify the contents of these two compounds in each extract. Finally, the antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by three methods: the CUPRAC method, the trapping of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH•) and the trapping of the ABTS•+ radical-cation (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)). The best antioxidant activities were obtained with the ABTS•+ radical scavenging with IC50 of 0.13 mg/mL for the aqueous extract and 0.19 mg/mL for the isopropanol extract. Based on these first results, an in-depth study is underway for various biological tests and the isolation of bioactive molecules.
Study of Productivity and Economics of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Variety NBH-5658 in Relation to Potassium and Plant Growth Regulators
Authors: Sandeep Rathod , Singh Rajesh , Kumar Guggilla Akhil , Tejaswi Addanki
Published: March 2023

Background: Pearl millet can thrive in a wide range of local conditions. In areas where sorghum cannot thrive, pearl millet is a viable alternative. Sorghum and maize can't compete with pearl millet when it comes to soil moisture utilisation and heat tolerance.

Objectives: Effects of Potassium and plant growth regulators on yield and economics of pearl millet.

Methods: With the goal of studying the effect of Potassium and plant growth regulators on yield and economics of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Var. NBH - 5658 under a Randomized block design with 10 treatments (T1-T10 The experimental results revealed that Potassium 60 kg/ha + NAA-100ppm,+Traicontonol-500ppm, produced ear head length (20.50 cm), Number of grains/ear head (1970.0), grain yield (2.72 t/ha), Stover yield (3.78 t/ha) harvest index (41.84 %).T9 Potassium 60 kg/ha + NAA-100ppm,+Traicontonol-500ppm produced greater gross returns (1,36,000.00 INR/ha), net returns (92,840.00 INR/ha), , and benefit-to-cost ratios (2.14).
Effect of Biofertilizers and Foliar Application of Zinc on Growth and Yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)
Authors: Reddy Karnati Jahnavi , Mehera Biswarup , Kumar Prateek
Published: March 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments each replicated thrice on the basis of one year experimentation. The results showed that application of PSB 20g/kg seed + 0.75% ZnSO4 was recorded significantly higher plant height (97.37 cm), Number of nodules/plant (112.60), Plant dry weight (18.41 g/plant), Pods/plant (31.2), Seeds/pod (2.20), Test weight (38.46 g), Pod yield (3.00 t/ha), Seed yield (2.46 t/ha), Haulm yield (4.94 t/ha), Harvest index (49.83%), Shelling percentage (82.13%), gross returns (Rs.98,508.00/ha), net return (Rs.71,388.00/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.63).
Soil Fertility Status in Relation to Fallow Cycle in Shifting Cultivated Areas of DIMA HASAO
Authors: Nunisa Baosring , Tamuly Danish , Hojai Pallabi , Panging Khirud , Taropi Kamir
Published: March 2023

Aim: To understand the effect of fallow cycle on soil fertility status under shifting cultivation.

Study Design: Latin square design (LSD).

Place and Duration of Study: Dima Hasao District, Assam. Between September 2019- August 2021.

Methodology: The present investigation was carried to study the effect of jhum fallow cycle on soil properties in the DIMA HASAO district of Assam. Total of 120 geo-referenced soil samples were collected from short jhum (1-3yrs.) fallow cycle, medium jhum (4-6yrs.) fallow cycle, long jhum        (7-9 yrs.) fallow cycle and undisturbed soil. The collected soil samples were analyzed for parameters like pH, OC, N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, CEC and soil texture.

Results: The studied soil samples showed wide variations in texture varying from sandy loam to clay loam. Coarse texture sand was found to be dominant in short jhum and medium jhum while finer particles (silt and clay) were dominant in the long jhum and the undisturbed soil. The Soil pH was found lowest (mean value 4.55) in short jhum and highest (mean value 5.00) in the undisturbed soil. The OC content was minimum at initial short jhum fallow cycle and maximum was observed in the Undisturbed soil. The CEC of the study area was found highest in undisturbed soil (mean value 8.64 cmol (p+) kg-1) followed by long jhum, medium jhum and short jhum. The Avl. N content of the study area was found low to medium. Among the jhum fallow cycle Avl. N of short jhum was lowest (mean value 269.30kgha-1) followed by medium jhum, long jhum and highest in undisturbed soil (mean value 350.11 kgha-1). The Avl. P content of the study area was found low to medium, highest mean value 12.61 kg ha-1 was observed in long jhum fallow cycle and lowest in short jhum (mean value 9.33 kgha-1). The highest content of Avl. S was observed in long jhum fallow cycle and lowest in the short jhum. The highest of Ex. Ca, Mg was found in the undisturbed followed by long jhum, short jhum and lowest in the medium jhum. All the soil fertility parameters i.e., N, P, K, S, Ca and Mg exhibited significant positive correlation with pH, OC, CEC, and percent Clay.

Conclusion: From the study it was observed that minimum of 7 to 10 years jhum fallow cycle is required in Dima Hasao are for the soil to restore its fertility and sustainable jhum cultivation.
Examining the Influences of Short Video for Cosmetics on Consumer Purchase Intention of Consumers in Mainland China
Authors: Wong Anthony Tik-Tsuen
Published: March 2023

In today's Internet age, more and more consumers are using the Internet in shopping, watching videos or communicating in social media, and their shopping and lifestyle has changed accordingly. The explosive growth of short videos in recent years has led many Internet marketing companies to use short videos to promote their products, especially in the cosmetics industry which has great potential for market demand and sales in Mainland China, and can be able to promote their products by short video online. This study provides cosmetic marketers by understanding the factors in producing cosmetic short video which can affect consumers’ purchase intention in Mainland China when they are using cosmetic short video promotion. The literature review of this study identified six factors: informativeness, perceived usefulness, interesting content, quality of comments, quantity of comments and key opinion leader that have relationships with purchase intention. This study collected 195 responses from consumers in Mainland China and employs quantitative research to collect the questionnaires and data. This study found that perceived usefulness, quantity of comments and key opinion leader in cosmetic short video are significantly related to purchase intention, while informativeness, interesting contents and quality of comments had no effect on purchase intention. Therefore, cosmetics marketers should focus on the perceived usefulness, quantity of comments and key opinion leader factors in cosmetics video to increase consumers’ purchase intention when watching cosmetic short video.
The Square Theory of Economic Development
Authors: Angelov Ivaylo
Published: March 2023

Economic development is a complex process that involves multiple factors and dimensions. The square theory of economic development proposes that there are five distinct levels that must be addressed in order to foster sustainable economic growth. These levels include natural resources, infrastructure, investment climate, human capital, innovation, and entrepreneurship. This theory provides a framework for policymakers and researchers to better understand the factors that drive economic development to design effective policies and strategies to promote growth.
Politeness Employed by Hermanto Tanoko in Hermanto Tanoko Podcast
Authors: Goldine Jessica , Tjitrakusuma Nani Indrajani
Published: March 2023

This research examined Hermanto Tanoko's politeness while asking questions and using address terms to Tahir and Jehian Panangian Sijabat on his podcast. The writer also compared Hermanto Tanoko's  politeness to Jehian Panangian Sijabat and Tahir to find the similarities and differences. This research cites Watts (2003) for the politeness theory. Since politeness is cultural, the writer employed notions from Javanese culture by Suseno (2001). This qualitative research analyzed utterances made by Hermanto Tanoko. Hermanto Tanoko shows hormat (respect) by utilizing personal name, family term, or a combination of family term and personal name to address older people and using personal names to address younger people. Hermanto Tanoko used rukun (harmonious) while asking questions by hedging, being indirect, displaying attention or compassion, and joking. Despite their age gap, Hermanto Tanoko is polite to both guests which might happened due to the fact that Hermanto Tanoko is raised in the Indonesian (Javanese) culture.
Maintaining Funniness of Jokes Translated from Indonesian into English
Authors: Sutanto Jehoshua Yeremia Putra
Published: March 2023

This study is about translation of Indonesian jokes into English. This study is about maintaining the funniness of jokes in Indonesian when translated into Indonesian and the difficulties experienced while translating jokes. Mona Baker [2018] theory is used in this study. The difficulties found also varied, such as errors in word, above word, and grammar in humorous texts. To maintain the funniness of the jokes in English, the writer shifts the jokes after rereading and revising the translation.
Narrative Rhetoric of Young People’s Voices to be Heard in Najwa Shihab’s Talk Show
Authors: Hodiono Helen , Gunawan Samuel
Published: March 2023

The Mata Najwa (English: Najwa’s Eyes) program on October 27, 2021, entitled “Muda Bersuara” was a special episode to commemorate the Youth Pledge which fell the following day. Inviting notable guest stars from various societies, politicians, and artists, Najwa explored unsettling issues among our youths and highlighted whether or not their voices are still heard. This study was conducted because there is a widespread use of narratives on various social media platforms among youngsters but the level of literacy among them is still low. This study aimed to analyze the underlying structure of the narratives and to examine their functions. This study was done using a descriptive qualitative approach. The data analysis revealed that narratives found had a regular format in which each of them consisted of at least one structure. Every narrative was also unique and served a variety of functions with making present as its center.
Terms of Address Preferences and the Role of Chineseness of Two Chinese Surabayanese
Authors: Dewi Ida Mustika , Kuntjara Esther
Published: March 2023

This research is conducted to find out the terms of address preferences and the role of Chineseness of two Chinese Surabayanese. What terms of address do the informants of Chinese Indonesians in Surabaya prefer to be addressed at home? Why do they prefer to be addressed that way? How do their terms of address preferences show their Chineseness as Chinese Indonesians? The research used two informants of Surabayanese Chinese Indonesians, one (male) is from the totok family and the other one (female) is from the peranakan family. Qualitative approach combined with semi-structured and open-ended interview are used. Thematic analysis is used to analyze the findings. The findings show that the family’s background played the important role in the terms of address preferences. The one from totok family still maintained Chinese terms of address, while the one from peranakan family had already abandoned the Chinese terms of address.
At Eighteen: A Screenplay Dealing with Social Phobia in Adolescence
Authors: Setiawan Cathleen Sarah
Published: March 2023

Feeling nervous before performing in front of many people or worried in a new place is normal. However, if it significantly affects our daily lives, this might be a sign of fear of being judged or evaluated by people around us. This creative work, At Eighteen, intends to raise awareness of social phobia in adolescence by discussing the cause, effects, and a way to recover. All of these are based on theories by Rapee and Heimberg’s cognitive-behavioral model and Stallard’s cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The work is a screenplay about a high school writing champion, Elizabeth, who dreamed of attending college. Her journey was not easy as she moved to her mother’s hometown, transferred to public school, and failed to fulfill her own and her surroundings expectations with her writing skills. After seeing her avoiding people many times, Elizabeth was diagnosed with social phobia because she was afraid of getting negative evaluations. She recovered after attending several therapy sessions that helped change her dysfunctional thoughts to positive ones. This work falls under the drama genre to show Elizabeth’s personal life story and process of overcoming obstacles.
Western Influence in Contemporary Chinese Indonesian Weddings
Authors: Exelsior Arya Sandy Damara , Mochtar Jenny
Published: March 2023

In every culture, there is one important tradition: marriage. Marriage is important for Chinese Indonesians as it is considered to be a rite of passage. Due to globalization, many young Chinese Indonesians have little knowledge about Chinese traditions and tend to adopt Western wedding traditions as something more modern. Hence, Chinese Indonesian find new ways to convey their cultural identity as both Chinese and modern by using Chinese and Western wedding traditions. This article aims to identify the elements of Western culture that are commonly used in Chinese Indonesian weddings and the reasons they choose to use those elements. Western cultural elements commonly used in Chinese-Indonesian weddings can be seen in the wedding rituals, attire, and decorations. This article suggests that Chinese Indonesians who uses Western and Chinese wedding traditions create a new cultural identity as modern Chinese Indonesian. A hybrid culture emerges to form a contemporary or modern Chinese Indonesian wedding.
A Study on the Use of Denizli Folk Songs in Primary School Music Courses
Authors: DEMİREL Serkan , TERZİOĞLU Ahmet Mutlu
Published: March 2023

Folk songs, which have carried Turkish culture from generation to generation, are the living heritage of the Turks. The folk songs that witnessed the events in history were accepted as sacred. The use of folk songs as a tool in music education will both provide a benefit to music education and allow our cultural richness to be transferred to new generations. Thus, the study aims to explore the folk songs of the Denizli region for music education, provide material for primary school music lessons, and ensure that Turkish culture can reach new generations. In this context, through the data collected from the TRT repertoire, 90 Denizli folk songs were analyzed via content analysis. The data analyses were conducted in terms of the appropriateness of modal, method, and words, which were investigated by experts from each field. At the end of the research, 16 folk songs, which are suitable for implementation in primary school music lessons, were identified in the field. It is suggested that further research should include the effect of these 16 folk songs to have success in music education.
Discontinuation of Conventional Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Excellent Disease Control
Authors: Lillegraven Siri , Paulshus Sundlisæter Nina , Aga Anna-Birgitte , Sexton Joseph , Solomon Daniel H. , van der Heijde Désirée , Haavardsholm Espen A.
Published: March 2023

This open-label randomized clinical trial assessed the 12-month risk of disease activity flares after discontinuation of conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) compared with continuing half-dose csDMARDs in adult Norwegian patients with rheumatoid arthritis and excellent disease control.
Trends in Dietary Vitamin A Intake Among US Adults by Race and Ethnicity, 2003-2018
Authors: Cheng Ting-Yuan David , Ferderber Carrollyn , Kinder Benjamin , Wei Yu-Jung Jenny
Published: March 2023

This study uses data from the 2003-2004 to 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) to assess whether a difference exists in dietary vitamin A intake as a marker of consumption of vitamin A–rich foods among Black, Hispanic, and White adults in the US.
Low levels of WRAP53 predict decreased efficacy of radiotherapy and are prognostic for local recurrence and death from breast cancer: a long‐term follow‐up of the SweBCG91RT randomized trial
Authors: Egelberg Moa , De Marchi Tommaso , Pekar Gyula , Tran Lena , Bendahl Pär‐Ola , Tullberg Axel Stenmark , Holmberg Erik , Karlsson Per , Farnebo Marianne , Killander Fredrika , Nimeús Emma
Published: March 2023

Downregulation of the DNA repair protein WD40‐encoding RNA antisense to p53 (WRAP53) has been associated with radiotherapy resistance and reduced cancer survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate WRAP53 protein and RNA levels as prognostic and predictive markers in the SweBCG91RT trial, in which breast cancer patients were randomized for postoperative radiotherapy. Using tissue microarray and microarray‐based gene expression, 965 and 759 tumors were assessed for WRAP53 protein and RNA levels, respectively. Correlation with local recurrence and breast cancer‐related death was assessed for prognosis, and the interaction between WRAP53 and radiotherapy in relation to local recurrence was assessed for radioresistance prediction. Tumors with low WRAP53 protein levels had a higher subhazard ratio (SHR) for local recurrence [1.76 (95% CI 1.10–2.79)] and breast cancer‐related death [1.55 (1.02–2.38)]. Low WRAP53 RNA levels were associated with almost a three‐fold decreased effect of radiotherapy in relation to ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence [IBTR; SHR 0.87 (95% CI 0.44–1.72)] compared with high RNA levels [0.33 (0.19–0.55)], with a significant interaction (P = 0.024). In conclusion, low WRAP53 protein is prognostic for local recurrence and breast cancer‐related death. Low WRAP53 RNA is a potential marker for radioresistance.
Central and peripheral α‐synuclein in Parkinson disease detected by seed amplification assay
Authors: Chahine Lana M. , Beach Thomas G. , Adler Charles H. , Hepker Monica , Kanthasamy Anumantha , Appel Scott , Pritzkow Sandra , Pinho Michelle , Mosovsky Sherri , Serrano Geidy E. , Coffey Christopher , Brumm Michael C. , Oliveira Luis M. A. , Eberling Jamie , Mollenhauer Brit ,   For the Systemic Synuclein Sampling Study
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Detection of α‐synuclein aggregates by seed amplification is a promising Parkinson disease biomarker assay. Understanding intraindividual relationships of α‐synuclein measures could inform optimal biomarker development. The objectives were to test accuracy of α‐synuclein seed amplification assay in central (cerebrospinal fluid) and peripheral (submandibular gland) sources, compare to total α‐synuclein measures, and investigate within‐subject relationships.

Methods

The Systemic Synuclein Sampling Study aimed to characterize α‐synuclein in multiple tissues and biofluids within Parkinson disease subjects (n = 59) and compared to healthy controls (n = 21). Motor and non‐motor measures and dopamine transporter scans were obtained. Four measures of α‐synuclein were compared: seed amplification assay in cerebrospinal fluid and formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded submandibular gland, total α‐synuclein quantified in biofluids using enzyme‐linked immunoassay, and aggregated α‐synuclein in submandibular gland detected by immunohistochemistry. Accuracy of seed amplification assay for Parkinson disease diagnosis was examined and within‐subject α‐synuclein measures were compared.

Results

Sensitivity and specificity of α‐synuclein seed amplification assay for Parkinson disease diagnosis was 92.6% and 90.5% in cerebrospinal fluid, and 73.2% and 78.6% in submandibular gland, respectively. 25/38 (65.8%) Parkinson disease participants were positive for both cerebrospinal fluid and submandibular gland seed amplification assay. Comparing accuracy for Parkinson disease diagnosis of different α‐synuclein measures, cerebrospinal fluid seed amplification assay was the highest (Youden Index = 83.1%). 98.3% of all Parkinson disease cases had ≥1 measure of α‐synuclein positive.

Interpretation

α‐synuclein seed amplification assay (cerebrospinal fluid>submandibular gland) had higher sensitivity and specificity compared to total α‐synuclein measures, and within‐subject relationships of central and peripheral α‐synuclein measures emerged.
Tensile and Compressive Behavior of CHC‐Reinforced Copper using Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Faria Bruno , Silvestre Nuno , Canongia Lopes José N.
Published: March 2023

Graphene has been extensively studied as nanofiller to produce ultra‐strong and ductile metal nanocomposites but challenges such as poor adhesion at the metal–carbon interface have yet to be met. Carbon honeycombs (CHCs) are highly porous 3D graphene networks that possess a very large surface area‐to‐volume ratio, an outstanding physical absorption capacity and notable mechanical properties. Herein, these recently synthetized 3D CHCs are introduced in copper as nanofillers, and the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, such as elastic modulus, tensile strength, failure strain, compressive strength, and critical strain, are obtained using molecular dynamics simulations. Three CHC lattice types are studied, and the metal–carbon interface is accurately modeled by using melting and recrystallization of the copper matrix around the nanofiller. Gains between 28% and 50% are obtained for the Young's modulus, while the tensile strength improved between 43% and 49%. Pullout tests reveal that the copper nanopillars that form by the filling of the honeycomb cells of CHC by copper atoms considerably increase the pullout force and are responsible for improvements in adhesion and in loading stress transfer.
Lone‐pair Electrons Enhancement Effect: SnTe3O8 Hard X‐ray Detection with Stable High‐temperature Sensitivity and Ultralow Detection Limit
Authors: Guo Xiaojie , Gao Zeliang , Li Chengcheng , Zhang Jian , Tao Xutang
Published: March 2023

Sensitivity and detection limit of X‐ray detectors are crucial for security checks, medical diagnoses, and industrial inspections. In this study, it is reported that introducing some cations containing lone‐pair electrons is beneficial for enhancing the Compton scattering effect and thus improving X‐ray detection performance. As an example, SnTe3O8 is selected and grown as a novel high‐temperature X‐ray detection crystal. Because of the high resistivity of 2 × 1014 Ω cm and high mobility lifetime product of 3.22 × 10−4 cm2 V−1, SnTe3O8 X‐ray detector exhibits a high sensitivity of 436 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 under 120 keV hard X‐ray, a low dark current drift of 2.44 × 10−9 nA cm−1 s−1 V−1 and a record low detection limit of 8.19 nGyair s−1 among all oxide X‐ray detectors. Furthermore, the high‐temperature sensitivity of SnTe3O8 X‐ray detector is enhanced to 617 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 at 175 °C, which is ≈31 times larger than that of the commercial α‐Se. The high thermal stability and stable high‐temperature sensitivity of SnTe3O8 single crystal X‐ray detectors have potential applications in high‐temperature environments. The results not only provide an excellent high‐temperature X‐ray detection crystal but also propose an effective method to explore X‐ray detector materials with excellent performances.
Air Processing of Thick and Semitransparent Laminated Polymer:Non‐Fullerene Acceptor Blends Introduces Asymmetric Current–Voltage Characteristics
Authors: Rodríguez‐Martínez Xabier , Hartnagel Paula , Riera‐Galindo Sergi , Beket Gulzada , Österberg Thomas , Gao Feng , Kirchartz Thomas , Inganäs Olle
Published: March 2023

Non‐fullerene acceptors have recently revolutionized indoor organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with power conversion efficiencies exceeding 30% in laboratory scale. Nevertheless, transferring their superior performance to larger‐scale prototyping, i.e., air‐processing via roll‐to‐roll compatible techniques, still shows severe challenges. Herein, the industrial potential of the PM6:IO4Cl blend, which is one of the most successful indoor OPV photoactive layers (PALs), is thoroughly investigated. The corresponding thick and semitransparent laminated devices are fabricated entirely in air, by blade and slot‐die coating. Their current–voltage (J–V) characteristics show anomalous features depending on the illumination side, with the cathode side generally outperforming the anode counterpart. Electrical and optical modeling reveal that a plausible cause of such a phenomenon is a dead layer that forms at the PAL/anode contact interface that does not contribute to the photocurrent. Said layer becomes undetectable when the PALs are made thin enough (<35 nm each) leading to symmetric J–V curves and improved light utilization efficiency. By screening the photovoltaic performance of multiple donor:acceptor blends, certain all‐polymer and polymer:fullerene PALs are identified as adequately symmetric candidates for thick device up‐scaling. Finally, ternary blends based on PM6:IO4Cl:fullerene may constitute a viable route to mitigate the electrical asymmetry detected on conventional binary blends.
Directly Coated Iridium Nickel Oxide on Porous‐Transport Layer as Anode for High‐Performance Proton‐Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers
Authors: Kang Sun Young , Park Ji Eun , Jang Ga Young , Choi Changsoon , Cho Yong‐Hun , Sung Yung‐Eun
Published: March 2023

Developing a high‐performance anode design is important for a low‐cost proton‐exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE). In this study, an iridium nickel oxide directly coated anode (IrNiOx electrode) for high‐efficient PEMWE is reported. Five IrNiOx electrodes with different Ir‐to‐Ni ratios are developed using co‐electrodeposition. The resulting electrodes contain a thin IrNiOx layer on the carbon substrate. To develop the PEMWE incorporating IrNiOx electrode, the effect of fabrication methods, catalyst compositions, and porous transport layer are investigated. Consequently, the IrNiOx electrode prepared with 7:3 precursor solution (Ir0.5Ni0.5Ox) exhibits higher oxygen evolution reaction activity with a smaller overpotential than the electrode prepared with 10:0 precursor solution (IrOx) and the commercial IrO2. Furthermore, the performance of the PEMWE is higher with the Ir0.5Ni0.5Ox electrode than that with the sprayed electrode with commercial IrO2 nanoparticles. This enhancement is attributed to the high electrochemical surface area caused by introducing Ni in IrOx. Additionally, the performance of the directly coated Ir0.5Ni0.5Ox PEMWE is the highest reported in the literature.
Steric Effects in Ruddlesden–Popper Blue Perovskites for High Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Lee Ilgeum , Allam Omar , Kim Jiweon , Dou Yixuan , Ahn Hyungju , Proppe Andrew , Dong Yitong , Ma Dongxin , Quan Li Na , Sargent Edward H. , Jang Seung Soon , Kim Dong Ha
Published: March 2023

Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (RPPs) feature enhanced stability compared to their bulk counterparts and attract attention for potential applications in light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). However, to date, blue‐emitting RPPs rely on halide compositional tuning, resulting in spectral shifts due to halide segregation under photo‐/electrical‐excitation. Here, efficient blue‐emitting materials with single‐halide RPPs using organic spacer engineering are reported. Experimental and computational results show that the (110)‐oriented thin films exhibit larger bandgap and enhanced stability regardless of the choice of spacers, relative to the (100)‐oriented RPPs. The correlation between the lattice structures and optoelectronic properties reveals that this new class of RPPs exhibits sky‐blue emission at 483 nm with a quantum efficiency of ≈62%. Spearman correlation between the steric size of the spacers and the bandgap is estimated to be 92%, showing that the steric effect is crucial influencers. The protocol and strategy established in this study can be exploited to develop blue perovskite LEDs.
Natural Exponential and Three‐Dimensional Chaotic System
Authors: Liu Shiwei , Wang Qiaohua , Liu Chengkang , Sun Yanhua , He Lingsong
Published: March 2023

Existing chaotic system exhibits unpredictability and nonrepeatability in a deterministic nonlinear architecture, presented as a combination of definiteness and stochasticity. However, traditional two‐dimensional chaotic systems cannot provide sufficient information in the dynamic motion and usually feature low sensitivity to initial system input, which makes them computationally prohibitive in accurate time series prediction and weak periodic component detection. Here, a natural exponential and three‐dimensional chaotic system with higher sensitivity to initial system input conditions showing astonishing extensibility in time series prediction and image processing is proposed. The chaotic performance evaluated theoretically and experimentally by Poincare mapping, bifurcation diagram, phase space reconstruction, Lyapunov exponent, and correlation dimension provides a new perspective of nonlinear physical modeling and validation. The complexity, robustness, and consistency are studied by recursive and entropy analysis and comparison. The method improves the efficiency of time series prediction, nonlinear dynamics‐related problem solving and expands the potential scope of multi‐dimensional chaotic systems.
A self‐heuristic inquiry: Unpacking the use of “Decolonization” in therapy and mental health care with and for racialized communities
Authors: Sharma Rajni , Kivell Natalie
Published: March 2023

As a registered psychotherapist and art therapist, my clinical training was primarily based on North American clinical approaches influenced by traditional Euro and western‐centric clinical theories of human behavior. I completed my training feeling certain that traditional clinical mental health practices were not an appropriate fit for racialized communities and could have negative implications for their healing and well‐being. As clinicians, it is our moral obligation to support and enhance the quality of life for marginalized groups. We can do this by challenging our values and knowledge that have been defined and influenced by structures (i.e., education, training, etc.) embedded in these colonial teachings. For this paper, I used a heuristic self‐inquiry research method to investigate these concerns. I interviewed other racialized psychotherapists practicing in Turtle Island (currently mostly occupied by the political entities of Canada and the United States) with the aim to learn how and if decolonization can be used in therapy practice. With this research, I (1) identified a gap in care for racialized communities, (2) questioned if or how a decolonizing approach to care should be considered, (3) explored my discomfort with practitioners in the field that claim their position on decolonizing therapy, practice, and approaches, and lastly (4) propose other ways of knowing that can inform new ways of practicing therapy. The results of this research helped to problematize the language and use of decolonizing therapeutic practices while learning about other concepts that may be relevant yet distinct, such as principles of coloniality/decoloniality. Those of us, therapists or researchers, wanting to disrupt the current practice of therapy need to work together, share knowledge, and challenge each other, so that we can transform the way we practice as psychotherapists. This paper is my contribution to this conversation.
Developing an automated skeletal phenotyping pipeline to leverage biobank‐level medical imaging databases
Authors: Cataldo‐Ramirez Chelsea C. , Haddad David , Amenta Nina , Weaver Timothy D.
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Collecting skeletal measurements from medical imaging databases remains a tedious task, limiting the research utility of biobank‐level data. Here we present an automated phenotyping pipeline for obtaining skeletal measurements from DXA scans and compare its performance to manually collected measurements.

Materials and Methods

A pipeline that extends the Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTs) framework was developed on 341 whole‐body DXA scans of UK Biobank South Asian participants. A set of 10 measurements throughout the skeleton was automatically obtained via this process, and the performance of the method was tested on 20 additional DXA images by calculating percent error and concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) for manual and automated measurements. Stature was then regressed on the automated femoral and tibia lengths and compared to published stature regressions to further assess the reliability of the automated measurements.

Results

Based on percent error and CCC, the performance of the automated measurements falls into three categories: poor (sacral and acetabular breadths), variable (trunk length, upper thoracic breadth, and innominate height), and high (maximum pelvic aperture breadth, bi‐iliac breadth, femoral maximum length, and tibia length). Stature regression plots indicate that the automated measurements reflect realistic body proportions and appear consistent with published data reflecting these relationships in South Asian populations.

Discussion

Based on the performance of this pipeline, a subset of measurements can be reliably extracted from DXA scans, greatly expanding the utility of biobank‐level data for biological anthropologists and medical researchers.
APOE and immunity: Research highlights
Authors: Kloske Courtney M. , Barnum Christopher J. , Batista Andre F. , Bradshaw Elizabeth M. , Brickman Adam M. , Bu Guojun , Dennison Jessica , Gearon Mary D. , Goate Alison M. , Haass Christian , Heneka Michael T. , Hu William T. , Huggins Lenique K. L. , Jones Nahdia S. , Koldamova Radosveta , Lemere Cynthia A. , Liddelow Shane A. , Marcora Edoardo , Marsh Samuel E. , Nielsen Henrietta M. , Petersen Kellen K. , Petersen Melissa , Piña‐Escudero Stefanie D. , Qiu Wei Qiao , Quiroz Yakeel T. , Reiman Eric , Sexton Claire , Tansey Malú Gámez , TCW Julia , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Tijms Betty M. , van der Kant Rik , Wallings Rebecca , Weninger Stacie C. , Wharton Whitney , Wilcock Donna M. , Wishard Tyler James , Worley Susan L , Zetterberg Henrik , Carrillo Maria C.
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION

At the Alzheimer's Association's APOE and Immunity virtual conference, held in October 2021, leading neuroscience experts shared recent research advances on and inspiring insights into the various roles that both the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) and facets of immunity play in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.

METHODS

The meeting brought together more than 1200 registered attendees from 62 different countries, representing the realms of academia and industry.

RESULTS

During the 4‐day meeting, presenters illuminated aspects of the cross‐talk between APOE and immunity, with a focus on the roles of microglia, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), and components of inflammation (e.g., tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα]).

DISCUSSION

This manuscript emphasizes the importance of diversity in current and future research and presents an integrated view of innate immune functions in Alzheimer's disease as well as related promising directions in drug development.
Highly Stable Triangular Single‐Layer 2D Assemblies: Synthesis and Their Stimuli‐Responsive Elastic and Anisotropic Curling
Authors: Hao Yajiao , Yu Lin , Miyazawa Keisuke , Zhang Shengrui , Liu Mo , Yu Zhongqi , Liu Jun , Yu Yang , Li Song , Xu Shujue , Fukuma Takeshi , Xiao‐An Zhang Sean , Li Minjie
Published: March 2023

Synthesis of highly stable two‐dimensional single‐layer assemblies (SLAs) is a key challenge in supramolecular science, especially those with long‐range molecular order and well‐defined morphology. Here, thin (thickness <2 nm) triangular AuI‐thiolate SLAs with high thermo‐, solvato‐ and mechano‐ stability have been synthesized via a double‐ligand co‐assembly strategy. Furthermore, the SLAs show assembly‐level elastic and anisotropic deformation responses to external stimuli as a result of the long‐range anisotropic molecular packing, which provides SLAs with new application potentials in bio‐mimic nanomechanics.
Molecular Dipole Engineering of Carbonyl Additives for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jiang Xiaoqing , Zhang Bingqian , Yang Guangyue , Zhou Zhongmin , Guo Xin , Zhang Fengshan , Yu Shitao , Liu Shiwei , Pang Shuping
Published: March 2023

Carbonyl functional materials as additives are extensively applied to reduce the defects density of the perovskite film. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding for the effect of carbonyl additives to improve device performance. In this work, we systematically study the effect of carbonyl additive molecules on the passivation of defects in perovskite films. After a comprehensive investigation, the results confirm the importance of molecular dipole in amplifying the passivation effect of additive molecules. The additive with strong molecular dipole possesses the advantages of enhancing the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). After optimization, the companion efficiency of PSCs is 23.20 %, and it can maintain long‐term stability under harsh conditions. Additionally, a large‐area solar cell module‐modified DLBA was 20.18 % (14 cm2). This work provides an important reference for the selection and designing of efficient carbonyl additives.
Small Molecule Degraders of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B and T‐Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Dong Jiajun , Miao Jinmin , Miao Yiming , Qu Zihan , Zhang Sheng , Zhu Peipei , Wiede Florian , Jassim Brenson A. , Bai Yunpeng , Nguyen Quyen , Lin Jianping , Chen Lan , Tiganis Tony , Tao W. Andy , Zhang Zhong‐Yin
Published: March 2023

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and T‐cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC‐PTP) play non‐redundant negative regulatory roles in T‐cell activation, tumor antigen presentation, insulin and leptin signaling, and are potential targets for several therapeutic applications. Here, we report the development of a highly potent and selective small molecule degrader DU‐14 for both PTP1B and TC‐PTP. DU‐14 mediated PTP1B and TC‐PTP degradation requires both target protein(s) and VHL E3 ligase engagement and is also ubiquitination‐ and proteasome‐dependent. DU‐14 enhances IFN‐γ induced JAK1/2‐STAT1 pathway activation and promotes MHC‐I expression in tumor cells. DU‐14 also activates CD8+ T‐cells and augments STAT1 and STAT5 phosphorylation. Importantly, DU‐14 induces PTP1B and TC‐PTP degradation in vivo and suppresses MC38 syngeneic tumor growth. The results indicate that DU‐14, as the first PTP1B and TC‐PTP dual degrader, merits further development for treating cancer and other indications.
Muscular superheroes and girly ducks: Gender talk using comics in the classroom
Authors: Wallner Lars , Aman Robert
Published: March 2023

This paper explores how participants in a Swedish secondary school do gender talk with comics. Swedish schools are tasked with working with gender, but this can be a challenge for many teachers, and finding materials to work with gender aspects can be difficult. Meanwhile, literary research on comics has shown them to be a potential tool for problematising gender, but little educational research has investigated the gender discussions that comics can promote. Therefore, using conversation‐analytical methodology, we have documented situated classroom talk through video observations, focusing on the social construction of gender. Five excerpts are shown, where different aspects of gender talk are displayed and discussed. Results indicate that although students deconstruct and criticise gendered binaries in characteristics and behaviour from comics' imagery, this critique remains superficial, revolving around the hypersexualised body imagery of the muscular superhero the Phantom or the outdated femininity of the girly Daisy Duck. Although comics present an opportunity for discussions of norm critique in the classroom, we suggest that more social‐realistic comics, wherein gender roles are more subtle and nuanced, be used for furthering the research on this topic and allowing students more width when it comes to deconstructing gender binaries.
Effect of high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over M1 for consciousness recovery after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Shen Longbin , Huang Yixuan , Liao Yujun , Yin Xiaona , Huang Yulin , Ou Jianlin , Ouyang Hui , Chen Zhuoming , Long Jinyi
Published: March 2023

Background

The brain area stimulated during repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment is important in altered states of consciousness. However, the functional contribution of the M1 region during the treatment of high‐frequency rTMS remains unclear.

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the clinical [the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and the coma recovery scale‐revised (CRS‐R)] and neurophysiological (EEG reactivity and SSEP) responses in vegetative state (VS) patients following traumatic brain injury (TBI) before and after a protocol of high‐frequency rTMS over the M1 region.

Methods

Ninety‐nine patients in a VS following TBI were recruited so that their clinical and neurophysiological responses could be evaluated in this study. These patients were randomly allocated into three experimental groups: rTMS over the M1 region (test group; n = 33), rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (control group; n = 33) and placebo rTMS over the M1 region (placebo group; n = 33). Each rTMS treatment lasted 20 min and was carried out once a day. The duration of this protocol was a month with 20 treatments (5 times per week) occurring with that time.

Results

We found that the clinical and neurophysiological responses improved after treatment in the test, control, and placebo groups; the improvement was highest in the test group compared to that in the control and placebo groups.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate an effective method of high‐frequency rTMS over the M1 region for consciousness recovery after severe brain injury.
Early arrival did not ensure the early acquisition of intravenous thrombosis for acute ischemic stroke during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Qiang Huang , Jin‐mei Sun , Yan‐fei Han , Yong‐bo Zhang
Published: March 2023

Background

Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a time‐dependent treatment with a narrow therapeutic time window, in which the time delay could result from the deadline effect.

Methods

One hospital‐based cohort was recruited to detect the factors contributing to the deadline effect, where patients with the deadline effect were defined as those who were presented with the onset‐to‐door time (ODT) in the first 50%, while the door‐to‐needle time (DNT) was in the last quartile. DNT (in‐hospital delay) was further subdivided into several time intervals [door‐to‐examination time (DET), door‐to‐imaging time (DIT), door‐to‐laboratory time (DLT), and decision‐making time (DMT) of the patients or their proxies.

Results

A total of 186 IVT cases were enrolled, of which 17.2% (32/186) suffered a delay of the deadline effect. The median age was 66 years, and 35.5% were female. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups (all p > .05). For the comparisons of the time intervals, DIT (26 versus 15 min, p = .001) was significantly longer in the group with deadline effect, while the differences of DET, DLT, DMT, and ONT did not reach statistical significance (all p > .05). Upon multivariable adjustment in the binary logistic regression model, longer DIT [odds ratio (OR), 1.076; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.036–1.118; p < .001], and history of coronary heart disease (OR, 3.898; 95%CI, 1.415–10.735; p = .008) were independently associated with deadline effect in the binary logistic regression model, while admitted in the working day (OR, 0.674; 95%CI, 0.096–0.907; p = .033), and having medical insurance (OR, 0.350; 95% CI, 0.132–0.931; p = .035) were negatively associated with the deadline effect.

Conclusions

A speed‐safety tradeoff phenomenon from the deadline effect was observed in 17.2% of IVT cases during the COVID‐19 pandemic, where longer DIT contributed a lot to this time delay. Patients without medical insurance, or admitted in official holidays were more likely to experience a delay of the deadline effect.
Long‐term effects of childhood trauma subtypes on adult brain function
Authors: Cai Jianjian , Li Jia , Liu Dong , Gao Sikang , Zhao Yunyun , Zhang Jiaxuan , Liu Qin
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Childhood trauma is prevalent in our society, whereas little is known about why and how different forms of early traumatic experiences exert long‐term effects on differential brain function in adulthood.

Purpose

This study aimed to scale experience‐specific neural correlates of distinct subtypes of childhood trauma.

Methods

We used resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 216 adults with different degrees of childhood trauma. Graph analysis was combined with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire to inspect the impact of distinct subtypes of childhood trauma on the brain.

Results

We found that childhood trauma experiences have a detrimental effect on depression and anxiety behavior. On one hand, childhood neglect scores were positively associated with network transmission efficiency of regions involved in cognitive and executive functions, such as temporal lobe, insular cortex, and parahippocampal gyrus. On the other hand, childhood abuse scores were tightly linked to functional reorganizations of regions mediated by immature ego defense system and damaged emotion representation. Specifically, the abuse scores were positively associated with network transmission efficiency of the visual, auditory, linguistic, and motor cortex. Isolated communications in temporal cortex and supplementary motor cortex were related to emotional and physical abuse scores.

Conclusions

Our data showed the differential associations of abusive and neglectful experiences with brain function in adulthood. These experience‐specific associations could underpin potentially differential risks of specific forms of psychiatric sequelae in adulthood. More attentions to maltreated children and timely psychological treatment are needed to reduce the incidence of psychosis.