bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological characterization of chronic antibody‐mediated rejection in ABO‐identical or ABO‐compatible pediatric liver graft recipients
Authors: Dao Myriam , Habès Dalila , Taupin Jean‐Luc , Mussini Charlotte , Redon Marie‐José , Suberbielle Caroline , Jacquemin Emmanuel , Gonzales Emmanuel , Guettier Catherine
Published: April 2018

This study aims to define the morphological profile associated with the presence of donor‐specific antibodies (DSAs) and/or C4d immunostaining in ABO‐identical or compatible pediatric liver grafts. Ten‐year protocol liver graft biopsies performed at 131.3 ± 15.3 months after transplantation in 53 pediatric liver graft recipients were reviewed. Immunostaining for C4d was systematically performed and semiquantitatively analyzed. DSAs were concurrently quantified, and results were available for 44 patients. All biopsies demonstrated fibrotic changes with a mean liver allograft fibrosis score (LAFSc) of 5.1 ± 2.2. A total of 31 (58%) biopsies exhibited C4d positivity. DSAs were detected in 20 (45%) patients, and mean maximal mean fluorescence intensity was 12,977 ± 6731. LAFSc (6.3 ± 1.3 versus 3.9 ± 2.2; P = 0.008), perivenular fibrosis (2.7 ± 0.5 versus 1.3 ± 1.0; P < 0.001), and portal inflammation (1.4 ± 0.8 versus 0.3 ± 0.5; P = 0.009) were significantly higher in the double‐DSA and C4d‐positive group versus the double‐negative group. We defined a histological scoring system from these results, which was integrated with the 2016 Banff definition and allowed reclassifying patients for the diagnosis of chronic active antibody‐mediated rejection (cAMR; 11/53 versus 13/53). Diagnoses of probable cAMR according to Banff 2016 (n = 4) were unchanged, but 2 among the 9 patients classified as possible cAMR according to the 2016 Banff definition were excluded for this diagnostic when using our histological score. In conclusion, our results confirmed that perivenular fibrosis and portal inflammation in late pediatric liver graft biopsies are features of cAMR. Our histological score could improve the accuracy of the 2016 Banff definition for the diagnosis of cAMR. Liver Transplantation 24 897–907 2018 AASLD.
Green Tea Polyphenols Mitigate Gliadin‐Mediated Inflammation and Permeability in Vitro
Authors: Van Buiten Charlene B. , Lambert Joshua D. , Elias Ryan J.
Published: April 2018

Scope

Green tea, a polyphenol‐rich beverage, has been reported to mitigate a number of inflammatory and hypersensitivity disorders in laboratory models, and has been shown to moderate pathways related to food allergies in vitro. The present study investigates the impact of decaffeinated green tea extract (GTE) on the digestion of gliadin protein in vitro and the effect of physical interactions with GTE on the ability of gliadin to stimulate celiac disease‐related symptoms in vitro.

Methods and results

Complexation of GTE and gliadin in vitro is confirmed by monitoring increases in turbidity upon titration of GTE into a gliadin solution. This phenomenon is also observed during in vitro digestion when gliadin is exposed to the digestive proteases pepsin and trypsin. SDS‐PAGE and enzymatic assays reveal that GTE inhibits digestive protease activity and gliadin digestion. In differentiated Caco‐2 cell monolayers as a model of the small intestinal epithelium, complexation of gliadin with GTE reduces gliadin‐stimulated monolayer permeability and the release of interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐8.

Conclusion

There are potential beneficial effects of GTE as an adjuvant therapy for celiac disease through direct interaction between gliadin proteins and green tea polyphenols.
Inter‐laboratory comparison of channelized hotelling observer computation
Authors: Ba Alexandre , Abbey Craig K. , Baek Jongduk , Han Minah , Bouwman Ramona W. , Balta Christiana , Brankov Jovan , Massanes Francesc , Gifford Howard C. , Hernandez‐Giron Irene , Veldkamp Wouter J. H. , Petrov Dimitar , Marshall Nicholas , Samuelson Frank W. , Zeng Rongping , Solomon Justin B. , Samei Ehsan , Timberg Pontus , Förnvik Hannie , Reiser Ingrid , Yu Lifeng , Gong Hao , Bochud François O.
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The task‐based assessment of image quality using model observers is increasingly used for the assessment of different imaging modalities. However, the performance computation of model observers needs standardization as well as a well‐established trust in its implementation methodology and uncertainty estimation. The purpose of this work was to determine the degree of equivalence of the channelized Hotelling observer performance and uncertainty estimation using an intercomparison exercise.

Materials and Methods

Image samples to estimate model observer performance for detection tasks were generated from two‐dimensional CT image slices of a uniform water phantom. A common set of images was sent to participating laboratories to perform and document the following tasks: (a) estimate the detectability index of a well‐defined CHO and its uncertainty in three conditions involving different sized targets all at the same dose, and (b) apply this CHO to an image set where ground truth was unknown to participants (lower image dose). In addition, and on an optional basis, we asked the participating laboratories to (c) estimate the performance of real human observers from a psychophysical experiment of their choice. Each of the 13 participating laboratories was confidentially assigned a participant number and image sets could be downloaded through a secure server. Results were distributed with each participant recognizable by its number and then each laboratory was able to modify their results with justification as model observer calculation are not yet a routine and potentially error prone.

Results

Detectability index increased with signal size for all participants and was very consistent for 6 mm sized target while showing higher variability for 8 and 10 mm sized target. There was one order of magnitude between the lowest and the largest uncertainty estimation.

Conclusions

This intercomparison helped define the state of the art of model observer performance computation and with thirteen participants, reflects openness and trust within the medical imaging community. The performance of a CHO with explicitly defined channels and a relatively large number of test images was consistently estimated by all participants. In contrast, the paper demonstrates that there is no agreement on estimating the variance of detectability in the training and testing setting.
Responsibility for patient care in perioperative practice
Authors: Blomberg Ann‐Catrin , Bisholt Birgitta , Lindwall Lillemor
Published: April 2018

Aim

To obtain an understanding of operating theatre nurses' experiences of responsibility for patient care and safety in perioperative practice.

Design

A hermeneutic design were used.

Method

Data were collected during 2012 from 15 operating theatre nurses who participated in individual interviews. The text was analyzed by hermeneutical text interpretation.

Findings

The texts revealed two main themes: A formal external responsibility and personal ethical value. Responsibility that the patient was not exposed to risks, protecting the patient's body, systematically planning and organizing work in the surgical team. The personal ethical value meant confirming the patient as a person, caring for the patient and preserving the patient's dignity. A new understanding emerged that the operating theatre nurse always have the patient in mind.
Enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis and paradoxical inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase mediated by 14‐3‐3η in oncocytomas
Authors: Feng Jie , Zhang Qi , Li Chuzhong , Zhou Yang , Zhao Sida , Hong Lichuan , Song Qi , Yu Shenyuan , Hu Chunxiu , Wang Herui , Mao Chengyuan , Shepard Matthew J , Hao Shuyu , Dominah Gifty , Sun Mitchell , Wan Hong , Park Deric M , Gilbert Mark R , Xu Guowang , Zhuang Zhengping , Zhang Yazhuo
Published: April 2018

Oncocytomas represent a subset of benign pituitary adenomas that are characterized by significant mitochondrial hyperplasia. Mitochondria are key organelles for energy generation and metabolic intermediate production for biosynthesis in tumour cells, so understanding the mechanism underlying mitochondrial biogenesis and its impact on cellular metabolism in oncocytoma is vital. Here, we studied surgically resected pituitary oncocytomas by using multi‐omic analyses. Whole‐exome sequencing did not reveal any nuclear mutations, but identified several somatic mutations of mitochondrial DNA, and dysfunctional respiratory complex I. Metabolomic analysis suggested that oxidative phosphorylation was reduced within individual mitochondria, and that there was no reciprocal increase in glycolytic activity. Interestingly, we found a reduction in the cellular lactate level and reduced expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which contributed to mitochondrial biogenesis in an in vitro cell model. It is of note that the hypoxia‐response signalling pathway was not upregulated in pituitary oncocytomas, thereby failing to enhance glycolysis. Proteomic analysis showed that 14‐3‐3η was exclusively overexpressed in oncocytomas, and that 14‐3‐3η was capable of inhibiting glycolysis, leading to mitochondrial biogenesis in the presence of rotenone. In particular, 14‐3‐3η inhibited LDHA by direct interaction in the setting of complex I dysfunction, highlighting the role of 14‐3‐3η overexpression and inefficient oxidative phosphorylation in oncocytoma mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings deepen our understanding of the metabolic changes that occur within oncocytomas, and shine a light on the mechanism of mitochondrial biogenesis, providing a novel perspective on metabolic adaptation in tumour cells. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
The combined effect of wrinkles and noncircular shape of fibers on wetting behavior of electrospun cellulose acetate membranes
Authors: Yousefi Bahareh , Gharehaghaji Ali Akbar , Asgharian Jeddi Ali Asghar , Karimi Mohammad
Published: April 2018

Roughness‐induced hydrophobicity is an area of rapid growth which can be achieved through surface texture or surface porosity. Characterizing the effect of surface roughness on wetting behavior of surfaces with irregular shapes has always been a challenging problem. In this work, changing the environmental conditions during electrospinning of hydrophilic cellulose acetate solutions produced highly porous ribbon like fibers, differed widely in their surface morphologies. All samples showed apparent hydrophobicity with water contact angles between 121° and 146°. The specific surface area was introduced for the first time, as a comprehensive parameter to predict contact angles of noncircular fibers. Statistical modeling revealed that the log‐linear models would better fit the data in comparison with the other linear forms. These results confirmed that the specific surface area could be an appropriate single variable for predicting the contact angles of multiscale porous and wrinkled structures of electrospun fibers. Moreover, the membrane produced at 20 °C temperature and the relative humidity of 60% revealed surprisingly high specific surface area (276.63 m2/g) that seems very promising for industrial applications such as separation technologies. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1012–1020
Fabrication of helical microfibers from melt blown polymer blends
Authors: Li Hui , Huang Hui , Meng Xiaohua , Zeng Yongchun
Published: April 2018

Helical fibers in micro/nanoscale resembling plant tendrils have been of increasing interest due to their unique characteristics. Fabrication of helical microfibers from polymer blends using melt blowing technique is reported in this study. An elastomeric and a stiff polymer are chosen as the raw materials, and a designed swirl‐die melt‐blowing device is used to prepare the microfibrous nonwovens. Focusing on the interfacial interaction between the polymer components induced by the polymer structure and intrinsic properties, airflow field characteristics, and processing parameters, we explore the effects of various parameters on helical fiber formation. Differential scanning calorimeter is employed to examine the rigidity of polymer chains, and the three‐dimensional airflow field simulation is carried out to reveal the airflow field characteristics. This work can provide a promising technique for producing stretchable microfibrous materials which have potential applications in field such as filtration materials and oil sorbents. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2018,56, 970–977
Current status of chirality in agrochemicals
Authors: Jeschke Peter
Published: April 2018

The agrochemical industry is searching continuously for new pesticides to develop products that have optimal efficacy, lower application rates in the field, increased selectivity, favourable toxicological and environmental safety, enhanced user friendliness and better economic viability. One strategy by which to achieve these ambitious goals makes use of the unique properties of molecules containing asymmetric centres. In the past, many natural products and their congeners have been a source of inspiration in the design of new active ingredients, and the molecular structures of the resulting compounds have become increasingly complex; some 30% contain fragments with asymmetric centres. However, despite enormous progress in catalytic asymmetric processes over the past decade, few agrochemicals are produced in an enantiomerically pure or enriched form on an industrial scale. Since 2007, ∼ 43% of the 44 products launched (insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, nematicides and herbicides) contain one or more asymmetric centres in the molecule (∼ 47%) and most have been launched as racemic mixtures of enantiomers or diastereomers. This review provides an overview of the current status of chiral agrochemicals launched over the past 10 years and describes the inherently connected challenges of modern agricultural chemistry by managing important aspects resulting from the stereochemistry of these innovative products. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A cryptic diapause strategy in Halotydeus destructor (Tucker) (Trombidiformes: Penthaleidae) induced by multiple cues
Authors: Cheng Xuan , Hoffmann Ary A , Maino James L , Umina Paul A
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

The polyphagous mite pest, Halotydeus destructor, typically has three generations during the cool moist season in Australia and produces over‐summering diapause eggs in spring. Diapause eggs have a distinct thick and dark chorion and can survive heat, desiccation and the application of pesticides. Farmers suppress mites producing diapause eggs by a carefully timed spring pesticide application using Timerite®, which predicts the onset of diapause egg production based largely on day length. We investigated the association between diapause induction and other environmental factors that may complicate diapause predictions.

RESULTS

Diapause in H. destructor induction was influenced by three interacting environmental factors, namely day length, temperature and soil moisture. A cryptic type of diapause egg that lacked a thick chorion and was instead morphologically similar to non‐diapause eggs was also discovered. Like diapause eggs, this newly discovered egg type could also survive hot and dry summer conditions.

CONCLUSIONS

There is an opportunity to refine the Timerite® spring spray by incorporating knowledge of other environmental factors inducing diapause in H. destructor. Compared with typical diapause eggs, the production of cryptic diapause eggs could reflect a strategy to deal with diversifying environmental stresses and/or represent a bet‐hedging strategy to adapt to unpredictable environments. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A precisely targeted application strategy of dipping young cucumber fruit in fungicide to control cucumber gray mold
Authors: He Leiming , Cui Kaidi , Song Yufei , Zhang Zhengqun , Li Beixing , Mu Wei , Liu Feng
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Gray mold is a ubiquitous destructive plant disease found worldwide. To avoid the shortcomings of conventional spraying systems for controlling this disease, such as high selection pressure on Botrytis cinerea for resistance and fungicide waste resulting from spray drift, a precisely targeted application strategy of dipping young cucumber fruit in a mixture of fungicide and forchlorfenuron (plant growth regulator, PGR) during the bloom period to control cucumber gray mold was developed in the current study.

RESULTS

Without leaving above‐limit residues in cucumber fruits, dipping in fludioxonil at 30 mg L−1 provided a greater efficacy (85.4%) against cucumber gray mold than did spraying at 100 mg L−1 (76.4%). Importantly, fludioxonil mixed with forchlorfenuron from 25 to 35 mg L−1 increased the yield of cucumbers by 26.2–36.7% compared to dipping fruit only in forchlorfenuron. The increased yield may be a benefit of controlling gray mold.

CONCLUSION

Dipping fruit in fungicides and PGRs seems to be a potential precisely targeted application strategy to not only control cucumber gray mold effectively but also, through the action of PGRs, to increase the cucumber yield. This novel application method is believed to have a bright prospect in cucumber production in Chinese solar glasshouses. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
GoldCLIP: Gel-Omitted Ligation-Dependent CLIP
Authors: Gu Jiaqi , Wang Ming , Yang Yang , Qiu Ding , Zhang Yiqun , Ma Jinbiao , Zhou Yu , Hannon Gregory J. , Yu Yang
Published: April 2018

Protein–RNA interaction networks are essential to understand gene regulation control. Identifying binding sites of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) by the UV-crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) represents one of the most powerful methods to map protein–RNA interactions in vivo. However, the traditional CLIP protocol is technically challenging, which requires radioactive labeling and suffers from material loss during PAGE-membrane transfer procedures. Here we introduce a super-efficient CLIP method (GoldCLIP) that omits all gel purification steps. This nonisotopic method allows us to perform highly reproducible CLIP experiments with polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB), a classical RBP in human cell lines. In principle, our method guarantees sequencing library constructions, providing the protein of interest can be successfully crosslinked to RNAs in living cells. GoldCLIP is readily applicable to diverse proteins to uncover their endogenous RNA targets.
Fostering Private Equity Using a Law-First Approach: Lessons from South Korea
Authors: KIM Sung Eun (Summer)
Published: April 2018

In 2004, South Korean lawmakers introduced sweeping legislation to regulate Korean private equity funds. I describe this Korean regulatory initiative as a ‘law-first’ approach to financial regulation: the laws first clearly outline the terms of an ideal private equity structure, and private equity funds and their managers are required to comply with such terms to gain entry into the Korean private equity market. Elsewhere, private equity funds are referred to as shadow banks, with the descriptor ‘shadow’ referring to the funds’ ability to remain outside of the regulatory purview. Attempts to regulate private equity funds and other shadow banks more extensively have been resisted with claims that such regulation will go either too far and regulate shadow banks out of existence, or not nearly far enough as shadow banks expediently exploit loopholes to navigate around new regulation. This article presents the Korean private equity regulatory regime as a counterexample to the existing discourse by showing that private equity funds can survive, and in some cases thrive, under a law-first regulatory approach.
When Natural Disaster Follows Economic Downturn: The Incremental Impact of Multiple Stressor Events on Trajectories of Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Mandavia Amar D. , Bonanno George A.
Published: April 2018

Objective

To determine whether there were incremental mental health impacts, specifically on depression trajectories, as a result of the 2008 economic crisis (the Great Recession) and subsequent Hurricane Sandy.

Method

Using latent growth mixture modeling and the ORANJ BOWL dataset, we examined prospective trajectories of depression among older adults (mean age, 60.67; SD, 6.86) who were exposed to the 2 events. We also collected community economic and criminal justice data to examine their impact upon depression trajectories. Participants (N=1172) were assessed at 3 times for affect, successful aging, and symptoms of depression. We additionally assessed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomology after Hurricane Sandy.

Results

We identified 3 prospective trajectories of depression. The majority (83.6%) had no significant change in depression from before to after these events (resilience), while 7.2% of the sample increased in depression incrementally after each event (incremental depression). A third group (9.2%) went from high to low depression symptomology following the 2 events (depressive-improving). Only those in the incremental depression group had significant PTSD symptoms following Hurricane Sandy.

Conclusion

We identified a small group of individuals for whom the experience of multiple stressful events had an incremental negative effect on mental health outcomes. These results highlight the importance of understanding the perseveration of depression symptomology from one event to another. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:173–182)
Development and Psychometric Properties of NEGORI (Negative Orientation Questionnaire)
Authors: Kasik László , Gál Zita , Tóth Edit
Published: April 2018

There are several available questionnaires that measure negative problem orientation with one factor. Our aim was to create a multifactor questionnaire that enables a more detailed and reliable analysis of interpersonal problems and one's negative orientation toward their solutions in adolescence. We carried out two data collections during the development of the questionnaire (N2016 = 952, N2017 = 835) among 12-, 15- and 18-year-olds. The tested statements were chosen based on the category system of an earlier pilot research, as well as students’ and professionals’ statements, which were then organised into a factor structure. To analyse convergent and discriminative validity, the Social Problem-Solving Inventory — Revised (SPSI-R; D'Zurilla et al., 2002) was used. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) greatly support the theoretical factor structure, and the structural equation model (SEM) also confirmed what had been thought about the system of connections of the latent dimensions. The result of the questionnaire development is the 21-item, six-factor NEGORI (Negative Orientation Questionnaire), which bears good reliability indexes in all age groups and can measure the following aspects within negative orientation: negative self-efficacy; negative consequences; positive consequences; habits, pattern; waiting; fending off the problem. We gained different and more detailed information as compared to previous data related to age and gender.
ON LINEAR COMPLEMENTARY DUAL FOUR CIRCULANT CODES
Authors: ZHU HONGWEI , SHI MINJIA
Published: April 2018

We study linear complementary dual four circulant codes of length $4n$ over $\mathbb{F}_{q}$ when $q$ is an odd prime power. When $q^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}}+1$ is divisible by $n$, we obtain an exact count of linear complementary dual four circulant codes of length $4n$ over $\mathbb{F}_{q}$. For certain values of $n$ and $q$ and assuming Artin’s conjecture for primitive roots, we show that the relative distance of these codes satisfies a modified Gilbert–Varshamov bound.
PROTESTANT MILITARY HUMANISM IN EARLY STUART IRELAND
Authors: ALAN ORR D.
Published: April 2018

This article addresses the role of Protestant military humanism in early Stuart Ireland. The central argument is that Protestant military humanism as embodied in the works of such authors as Geoffrey Gates (fl. 1566–80) and Barnabe Rich (1541–1617) played a vital role in the Jacobean plantation of Ulster. These authors combined a strong commitment to the Protestant religion with the conviction that martial virtue was essential for the preservation of the commonwealth against the threats of domestic rebellion and foreign domination. The example of the soldier-planter Sir Thomas Phillips of Limavady (c. 1560–1636) and his criticisms of the City of London's plantation in Derry during the 1620s demonstrates that military humanist values not only offered a persuasive rationale for colonization, but also significantly shaped the course of plantation on the ground. Phillips's lengthy conflict with the City of London demonstrated a fundamental disjuncture between his own Protestant military humanist outlook, and the City's own understanding of its civilizing mission in Ireland; however, rather than a conflict between aristocratic and civic values, close study reveals instead a struggle grounded in competing hierarchies of civic values.
Contemporary challenges to iodine status and nutrition: the role of foods, dietary recommendations, fortification and supplementation
Authors: Bouga M. , Lean M. E. J. , Combet E.
Published: April 2018

Iodine deficiency (ID) in women of childbearing age remains a global public health concern, mainly through its impact on fetal and infant neurodevelopment. While iodine status is improving globally, ID is still prevalent in pregnancy, when requirements increase. More than 120 countries have implemented salt iodisation and food fortification, strategies that have been partially successful. Supplementation during pregnancy is recommended in some countries and supported by the WHO when mandatory salt iodisation is not present. The UK is listed as one of the ten countries with the lowest iodine status globally, with approximately 60 % of pregnant women not meeting the WHO recommended intake. Without mandatory iodine fortification or recommendation for supplementation in pregnancy, the UK population depends on dietary sources of iodine. Both women and healthcare professionals have low knowledge and awareness of iodine, its sources or its role for health. Dairy and seafood products are the richest sources of iodine and their consumption is essential to support adequate iodine status. Increasing iodine through the diet might be possible if iodine-rich foods get repositioned in the diet, as they now contribute towards only about 13 % of the average energy intake of adult women. This review examines the use of iodine-rich foods in parallel with other public health strategies, to increase iodine intake and highlights the rare opportunity in the UK for randomised trials, due to the lack of mandatory fortification programmes.
Taming English modals
Authors: Torres–Martínez Sergio
Published: April 2018

In the present paper, I pursue a Construction Grammar (CxG) characterization of English modal auxiliaries (e.g.,can-could, must, have (got) to, should, ought to, need to, will-would) that seeks to add to established lexical approaches. It is argued that Construction Grammar (e.g., Goldberg, 1995, 2006; Tomasello, 2003) can successfully account for underlying modality patterns, the understanding of which can lead to distinct gains for both linguistics and second language acquisition research. To that end, some of the tenets of CxG are invoked.
Assessment of Factors Controlling Clumped Isotopes and δ18O Values of Hydrothermal Vent Calcites
Authors: Kluge Tobias , John Cédric M. , Boch Ronny , Kele Sándor
Published: April 2018

The clumped isotope composition of CaCO3 (Δ47) is a geochemical proxy that can provide mineral formation temperatures and, together with measured carbonate δ18O, inferred fluid δ18O values. Under natural conditions, carbonates form within a relatively wide pH range and varying growth rates which are typically not reflected in laboratory‐based calibrations (mostly ∼pH 8, moderate growth rates). A pH and growth‐rate dependence is known for oxygen isotopes and was also postulated for clumped isotopes. Theoretical predictions suggest that Δ47 values could lie between the carbonate equilibrium value and the value inherited from the dissolved inorganic carbon (predicted offset: +0.04‰ pH < 4 and −0.025‰ at high pH > 12). Here we test whether pH (in addition to temperature) is recorded in the carbonate clumped isotope composition using modern calcites from natural travertine‐forming streams and scales precipitated in pipes of deep geothermal wells from Italy, Hungary, and Turkey (pH: 6.1–7.5, T: 33–100°C). Although a comparison of all samples with expected equilibrium values in this pH range and known formation temperatures reveals only an insignificant Δ47 offset (0.006 ± 0.004‰, 1SE, n = 9), the clumped isotope values of samples with the highest growth rates (0.014 ± 0.007‰, 1SE, n = 5) are consistent with the theoretical prediction attributable to pH of 0.01‰. Similarly, deviations in δ18O of up to −2‰ follow a growth‐rate dependence. This field‐based study shows that pH‐related effects are mostly small for Δ47 in the subsurface environment at lower pH and that high mineral growth rates control the magnitude of this disequilibrium.
Influence of Sea Level Change and Centennial East Asian Monsoon Variations on Northern South China Sea Sediments Over the Past 36 kyr
Authors: Li Mingkun , Ouyang Tingping , Roberts Andrew P. , Heslop David , Zhu Zhaoyu , Zhao Xiang , Tian Chengjing , Peng Shasha , Zhong Hexian , Peng Xuechao , Qiu Yan
Published: April 2018

South China Sea (SCS) sediments can provide important paleoclimate records because of their generally high deposition rates and strong regional influence of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) variations. However, interpretation of sedimentary records from the northwestern SCS slope is complicated because sedimentation is sensitive to sea level and provenance variations. We seek to develop a paleoclimatic record of SCS sediments by analyzing sediment magnetic properties over the past ∼36 kyr from core PC338. The dominant magnetic minerals are magnetite and hematite in most parts of the core. The hematite concentration increased profoundly over the ∼15–32 kyr B.P. period when sea level was lower than −90 m below the present level. This suggests that Red River inputs were enhanced significantly in this period. Moreover, increased coarse magnetite contents were recorded in association with an enhanced East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) during the Last Glacial Maximum and Heinrich event 1. Low‐field and frequency‐dependent magnetic susceptibility variations were coeval with EASM‐controlled climate change recorded in South China and the SCS over the past 15 kyr, probably because regional terrestrial weathering and erosion of iron‐bearing minerals, and their transportation are dominated by climate. Rhythmic coarsening of Holocene magnetic mineral concentrations coincided with global cooling events, which indicates that core PC338 also contains signals of enhanced EAWM variations. The study demonstrates that magnetic proxies are indicative of sediment supply and deposition variations on the SCS continental slope that are useful for understanding the effects of sea level and climate change on SCS sediments.
Understanding the Dominant Sources and Tracks of Moisture for Summer Rainfall in the Southwest United States
Authors: Jana Srijita , Rajagopalan Balaji , Alexander Michael A. , Ray Andrea J.
Published: April 2018

We investigated the moisture sources and tracks that enable summer rainfall over the four‐state southwestern U.S. region of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah by employing a high‐resolution Lagrangian particle tracking model. Six locations were selected—Cedar City (Utah), Grand Junction (Colorado), Eastonville (Colorado), Laveen (Arizona), Redrock (New Mexico), and Melrose (New Mexico)—together, they represent six spatial regions of summer precipitation for the Southwest. Moisture tracks were generated for all the rainy days at these stations for the historical period 1979–2013. Tracks were generated for a 3‐day period ending with the day of rainfall, which were then used to identify the source of moisture, pathway or trajectory, and the modulation along the track. The four major sources of moisture—Gulf of California, Gulf of Mexico (GoM), land, and the Pacific Ocean—were identified as responsible for summer rainfall over southwestern United States. The two dominant moisture sources at Laveen, Cedar City, Redrock, Grand Junction, and Eastonville were Gulf of California and land; at Melrose GoM and land were the dominant sources. The leading source of moisture at each location contributed to most of the extreme rainfall events. Tracks from GoM traveled the fastest and those from land sources were the slowest. Large‐scale circulation features–pressure, convergence, and specific humidity–were consistent with the moisture tracks and were found to be strong throughout the 3‐day period. This detailed and comprehensive generation of rainfall tracks offers unique insights into the moisture source and delivery for summer rainfall over southwestern United States.
Time‐Varying Storage–Water Age Relationships in a Catchment With a Mediterranean Climate
Authors: Rodriguez Nicolas B. , McGuire Kevin J. , Klaus Julian
Published: April 2018

Recent studies on the relationships between catchment storage and water ages using Travel Time Distributions (TTDs), Residence Time Distributions (RTDs), and StorAge Selection (SAS) functions have led to the hypothesis that streamflow preferentially mobilizes younger water when catchment storage is high. This so‐called “Inverse Storage Effect” (ISE) needs further evaluation in more catchments with diverse climates and physiographical features. In this work, we assessed the validity of the ISE in WS10 (H. J. Andrews forest, Oregon, USA), a forested headwater catchment in a Mediterranean climate. A conceptual model of the catchment, developed based on experimental observations of water flow paths in WS10, was calibrated to streamflow and δ18O in streamflow. Based on the calibrated model results, we determined RTDs, and streamflow TTDs and SAS functions by assuming that the soil reservoir and the groundwater reservoir act as well‐mixed systems. The streamflow SAS functions and travel time dynamics showed that the ISE generally applies in WS10. Yet, during transitions from dry summer periods to wet winter periods and vice versa, the marked seasonal climate caused rapid and strong storage variations in the catchment, which led to deviations from the ISE. The seasonality of streamflow travel times in WS10 is the result of the seasonal contributions of younger water from the hillslopes added to the rather constant groundwater contributions of older water. The streamflow SAS functions were able to capture the relative importance of contrasting flow paths in the soils and in the bedrock highlighted by previous studies in WS10.
Sensitivity of Probable Maximum Flood in a Changing Environment
Authors: Gangrade Sudershan , Kao Shih‐Chieh , Naz Bibi S. , Rastogi Deeksha , Ashfaq Moetasim , Singh Nagendra , Preston Benjamin L.
Published: April 2018

With likely increases in probable maximum precipitation (PMP) in a changing environment, critical infrastructures such as major reservoirs and nuclear power plants are subject to elevated risk. To understand how factors such as PMP variability, climate change, land use land cover (LULC) change, antecedent soil moisture conditions, and reservoir storage may individually or jointly affect the magnitude of probable maximum flood (PMF), we conducted integrated hydrometeorological simulations involving both the Weather Research Forecasting model and the distributed hydrologic model (DHSVM) over the Alabama‐Coosa‐Tallapoosa (ACT) River Basin in the southeastern United States. A total of 120 relative humidity‐maximized PMP storms under historic and projected future climate conditions were used to drive DHSVM in current and projected future LULC conditions. Overall, PMP and PMF are projected to increase significantly over the ACT River Basin. Sources of meteorological forcing data sets and climate change were found to be the most sensitive factors affecting PMF, followed by antecedent soil moisture, reservoir storage, and then LULC change. The ensemble of PMP and PMF simulations, along with their sensitivity, allows us to better quantify the potential risks associated with hydroclimatic extreme events to critical infrastructures for energy‐water security.
Efficient Monte Carlo With Graph‐Based Subsurface Flow and Transport Models
Authors: O'Malley D. , Karra S. , Hyman J. D. , Viswanathan H. S. , Srinivasan G.
Published: April 2018

Simulating flow and transport in fractured porous media frequently involves solving numerical discretizations of partial differential equations with a large number of degrees of freedom using discrete fracture network (DFN) models. Uncertainty in the properties of the fracture network that controls flow and transport requires a large number of DFN simulations to statistically describe quantities of interest. However, the computational cost of solving more than a few realizations of a large DFN can be intractable. As a means of circumventing this problem, we utilize both a high‐fidelity DFN model and a graph‐based model of flow and transport in combination with a multifidelity Monte Carlo (MC) method to reduce the number of high‐fidelity simulations that are needed to obtain an accurate estimate of the quantity of interest. We demonstrate the approach by estimating quantiles of the breakthrough time for a conservative tracer in an ensemble of fractured porous media. Our results demonstrate that a multifidelity MC estimate, whose computational cost is equal to the cost of 10 DFN simulations, can be as accurate as a standard MC estimate that utilizes 1,000 DFN simulations. Thus the combination of our graph‐based model with multifidelity MC estimates effectively reduces the computational cost of the problem by a factor of approximately 100.
On Integrating Sedimentology and Hydrogeology in Streambeds
Authors: Partington Daniel , Simmons Craig , Therrien René , Brunner Philip
Published: April 2018

A new modeling blueprint seeks to unify sedimentology, hydrology, and hydrogeology in the modeling of streambeds.
Assessing New and Old Methods in Paleomagnetic Paleothermometry: A Test Case at Mt. St. Helens, USA
Authors: Bowles Julie A. , Gerzich Devin M. , Jackson Mike J.
Published: April 2018

Paleomagnetic data can be used to estimate deposit temperatures (Tdep) of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) by finding the laboratory temperature at which a PDC‐associated thermal remanence is removed. Paleomagnetic paleothermometry assumes that (1) blocking (Tb) and unblocking (Tub) temperatures are equivalent, and (2) the blocking spectrum remains constant through time. The first assumption fails for multidomain (MD) grains, and recent evidence shows that the second is violated in many titanomagnetites, where Tc is a strong function of thermal history. Here we assess the extent to which the standard paleomagnetic method may be biased by a changing Tb spectrum, and we explore a new magnetic technique that instead exploits these changes. Using samples from the 1980 PDCs at Mt. St. Helens, we find that standard methods on oriented lithic clasts provide a Tdep range that overlaps with measured temperatures, but is systematically slightly higher. By contrast, juvenile pumice give Tdep_min estimates that greatly exceed lithic estimates and measured temperatures. We attribute this overestimate to (1) depth‐dependent variations in Tc and Tub resulting from thermally activated crystal‐chemical reordering and (2) MD titanomagnetite where Tub > Tb. Stratigraphic variations in Tc are interpreted in terms of Tdep, giving results mostly consistent with measured temperatures and with the lower end of estimates from lithic clasts. This new method allows us to evaluate temporal and spatial variations in Tdep that would not have been possible using standard paleomagnetic techniques in these lithic‐poor deposits. It also provides information on deposits not accessible by surface temperature probes.
Highly efficient electrochemical ammonia synthesis via nitrogen reduction reactions on a VN nanowire array under ambient conditions
Authors: Zhang Xiaoping , Kong Rong-Mei , Du Huitong , Xia Lian , Qu Fengli
Published: April 2018

A VN nanowire array on carbon cloth (VN/CC) as a high-performance catalyst for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) affords high ammonia yield (2.48 × 10−10 mol−1 s−1 cm−2) and faradaic efficiency (3.58%) at −0.3 V versus RHE in 0.1 M HCl.
A high-nuclearity isopolyoxotungstate based manganese cluster: one-pot synthesis and step-by-step assembly
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhang Mengrui , Shi Hongyu , Zeng Qingdao , Zhang Dongdi , Zhao Yaqing , Wang Yuan , Ma Pengtao , Wang Jingping , Niu Jingyang
Published: April 2018

A high-nuclearity manganese–tungsten supercluster Na8H32[{MnIV24MnIII12O28(H2O)23}2(W24O120)2]·66H2O (Mn72W48) has been successfully synthesized and its formation mechanism is investigated by ESI-MS.
Supramolecular solvatochromism: mechanistic insight from crystallography, spectroscopy and theory
Authors: Nikolayenko Varvara I. , van Wyk Lisa M. , Munro Orde Q. , Barbour Leonard J.
Published: April 2018

A solvatochromic dinuclear copper(ii) metallocycle effectively traps tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether and pentane significantly above their boiling points.
Pressure-induced emission band separation of the hybridized local and charge transfer excited state in a TPE-based crystal
Authors: Liu Xuedan , Li Aisen , Xu Weiqing , Ma Zhiyong , Jia Xinru
Published: April 2018

We herein report a newly synthesized simple molecule, named TPEC4, with twisted D–A structure. TPEC4 showed two intrinsic emission bands ascribed to locally excited (LE) state and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state under high pressure.
Electrowetting-driven solar indoor lighting (e-SIL): an optofluidic approach towards sustainable buildings
Authors: Thio Si Kuan , Jiang Dongyue , Park Sung-Yong
Published: April 2018

An e-SIL system enable the use of rooftop solar energy for indoor illumination with active control of lighting power.
Cotton fiber-supported layered double hydroxides for the highly efficient adsorption of anionic organic pollutants in water
Authors: Wang Xuemei , Zhou Wei , Wang Chenlu , Chen Zilin
Published: April 2018

Cotton fiber is used as a substrate for the immobilization of LDHs and applied for the adsorption anionic pharmaceuticals and dyes.
Total synthesis of (−)-akaol A via a conformational constraint strategy
Authors: Liu Hao-Miao , Chen Dong , Xu Wen-Dan , Dang Li-Zhi , Qin Hong-Bo
Published: April 2018

Our synthesis of akaol A features a well-designed Friedel–Crafts cyclization, which ensures a cis-fused B/C ring through a conformational constraint strategy.
Heteroatomic TexS1−x molecule/C nanocomposites as stable cathode materials in carbonate-based electrolytes for lithium–chalcogen batteries
Authors: Sun Fugen , Zhang Bo , Tang Hao , Yue Zhihao , Li Xiaomin , Yin Chuanqiang , Zhou Lang
Published: April 2018

A stable cathode material in a conventional carbonate-based electrolyte was successfully fabricated by homogeneously confining heteroatomic TexS1−x molecules into CMK-3.
‘Leaf vein’ inspired structural design of Cu nanowire electrodes for the optimization of organic solar cells
Authors: Wang Xiao , Wang Ranran , Zhai Haitao , Shi Liangjing , Sun Jing
Published: April 2018

Inspired by the structure–function relationship of leaf veins, hybrid Cu nanowire electrodes were constructed for the optimization of OSCs.
An anion-driven Sn2+ exchange reaction in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals towards tunable and high photoluminescence
Authors: Li Meng , Zhang Xiao , Matras-Postolek Katarzyna , Chen Hsueh-Shih , Yang Ping
Published: April 2018

Halide-driven partial and complete exchange of Pb2+ and Sn2+ occurred deliberately. It is found that more Pb ions originated from the Pb–Br species to form Pb–OA complexes. Such halide exchange reaction opened the octahedral structure of CsPbBr3 NCs.
Thermoresponsive AIE supramolecular complexes in dilute solution: sensitively probing the phase transition from two different temperature-dependent emission responses
Authors: Xiu Ming-Ming , Kang Qing , Tao Min-Li , Chen Yu , Wang Yong
Published: April 2018

Sensitively probing the phase transition of an AIE thermoresponsive supramolecular system in dilute solution was developed by using a fluorescence technique in this study.
Model‐free optimal tracking control for discrete‐time system with delays using reinforcement Q‐learning
Authors: Liu Yang , Yu Rui
Published: April 2018

Reinforcement Q‐learning algorithm for the optimal tracking control problem with unknown dynamics and delays is proposed. Traditional reinforcement learning methods require an accurate system model, which is avoided by means of the Q‐learning method. This is very meaningful in practical implementation because all or part of the model of the system is often difficult to obtain or requires an additional high cost. First, the augmented system composed of the original system and reference trajectory is constructed, then the corresponding augmented linear quadratic tracking (LQT) Bellman equation is derived. Based on this, the reinforcement Q‐learning algorithm is presented at the end. To implement this method, the iteration equations are solved online by using the least squares technique.
New SV selection strategy and local–global regularisation method for improving online SVM learning
Authors: Tang Tinglong , Chen Shengyong , Luo Jake
Published: April 2018

During the online learning process of support vector machines (SVMs), when a newly added sample is violating the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker) conditions, the new sample should be a new SV and transfer the old samples between the SVs and the non‐SVs. Normally, the performance of an SVM model is decided by the SVs, and the model should be updated by the newly added SVs; therefore, the selection of high‐quality candidate SVs will lead to a better learning accuracy, whereas low‐quality candidate SVs may result in low learning efficiency and unnecessary updating. A new strategy is proposed to select the candidate SVs. SVs are selected according to two new criteria: the importance and the informativeness criteria. Furthermore, a mixed local–global regularisation method is applied during the online learning process to improve the penalty coefficients. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a better performance with a faster speed and a higher accuracy when compared with traditional methods.
Influence of uncertainties and parameter structural dependencies in distribution system state estimation
Authors: Liao Huilian , Milanović Jovica V , Hasan Kazi N , Tang Xiaoqing
Published: April 2018

This study evaluates a number of uncertain parameters that affect the accuracy of distribution system state estimation (SE), and ranks their importance using an efficient sensitivity analysis technique, Morris screening method. The influence of the uncertain parameters on SE performance is analysed globally and zonally. Furthermore, the dependence structure between the critical variable and SE accuracy is analysed using copula to establish their relationship at different section of the bivariate space. The sensitivity of the critical parameter at different ranges is also studied and ranked using Morris screening methods to present the variation of SE performance when the critical variable is allocated at different sections within the feasible range. Accurate assessment of the importance of various uncertain parameters and the analysis of the dependence structure can inform power system operators which parameters will require the greatest levels of mitigation or increased monitoring accuracy in order to have satisfactory performance of distribution system SE.