bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring health professionals’ capability to respond to health consumers’ health literacy needs: a scoping review
Authors: Nash Rosie , Choi-Lundberg Derek , Eccleston Claire , Elmer Shandell , Melis Gina , Douglas Tracy , Eslick Melanie , Triffett Laura , Mather Carey , Maxwell Hazel , Martin Romany , Truong Phu , Sward Jonathon , Watkins Karen , Bird Marie-Louise
Published: December 2024

Health literacy-responsive health professionals will be increasingly important in addressing healthcare access and equity issues. This international scoping review aims to understand the extent and ways in which health professionals respond to healthcare users’ health literacy, identifying tools used to measure health literacy responsiveness and training to support the development of these attributes. Four online databases were searched. Using Covidence software and pre-determined inclusion/exclusion criteria, all articles were screened by two authors. Data were extracted using a researcher-developed data extraction tool. From the 1531 studies located, 656 were screened at title and abstract and 137 were assessed at full text; 68 studies met the inclusion criteria and 61 were identified through hand searching resulting in 129 papers in total. Five overlapping thematic elements describing thirty attributes of health literacy responsive health professionals were identified: (i) communication, (ii) literacies, (iii) andragogy, (iv) social/relational attributes and (v) responding to diversity. Other concepts of ‘tailoring’ and ‘patient-centred care’ that cut across multiple themes were reported. Forty-four tools were identified that assessed some aspects of health literacy responsiveness. Thirty of the tools reported were custom tools designed to test an intervention, and 14 tools were specifically employed to assess health literacy responsiveness as a general concept. Seventy studies described education and training for health professionals or students. This scoping review provides a contemporary list of key attributes required for health literacy-responsive health professionals, which may serve as a foundation for future health literacy research including the development of curricula in health professional education and tools to measure health professional health literacy responsiveness.
The key role of visual coordination in the formation of collective routinized actions
Authors: Calluso Cinzia , Marino Alessandro , Devetag Maria Giovanna , Prencipe Andrea
Published: December 2024

Using the theoretical framework of joint actions, here we hypothesize that routines’ formation is regulated by visual coordination and task difficulty. We conducted a laboratory experiment manipulating the availability of visual information and the difficulty of routinization. The presence of visual information allowed participants to reach the game’s goal faster, although the performance was less accurate. Task difficulty had a limited impact. Overall, visual coordination appears to regulate the speed–accuracy trade-off of routines, playing a pivotal role in complex joint actions.
Acute coronary syndrome rates by age and sex before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel: nationwide study
Authors: Kagan Alexander , Zwas Donna R , Haklai Ziona , Levine Hagai
Published: December 2024

Background

There have been reports of sharp declines in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aims to assess nationwide ACS emergency department (ED) visit rates across age and sex subgroups and the general population, with a comparison before and throughout the pandemic’s various phases.

Methods

A multiple interrupted time series analysis was used to assess 61 349 ACS nationwide hospital visits from January 2018 to December 2021 at monthly intervals. The study period was divided into three periods: January 2018–February 2020 (pre-pandemic period); March 2020–January 2021 (early-pandemic period); February 2021–December 2021 (late-pandemic period). Segmented regression with a seasonally adjusted autoregressive moving average structure was used to build predictive models with an estimated reference trendline (counterfactual).

Results

Over 11 months of the early-pandemic period (lockdowns), the largest decrease in visits was seen in women aged 65 and above, of 18.4% [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77–0.86]. The lowest decrease was observed in men aged 25–64, of 7.2% (IRR 0.93; 0.91–0.94). During the late-pandemic period, which included high vaccination coverage and no lockdowns, the largest further decrease was in women aged 25–64 of 20.1% (IRR 0.80; 0.75–0.84) on average.

Conclusions

The pandemic influenced ACS ED visits variably, with substantial declines during phases of high COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Older individuals, particularly women, demonstrated the largest decrease in ACS ED visits, highlighting the need for tailored public health strategies to maintain public confidence in access to critical care during future health emergencies.
Intelligent planning and scheduling strategies for low-carbon distribution networks under high proportions of renewable energy integration
Authors: Li Xuejun , Wang Linfeng , Dong Yu , Liu Hang , Feng Shengtao
Published: December 2024

This article proposes an intelligent planning and scheduling strategy for low-carbon distribution networks under the condition of high-penetration renewable energy. Initially, based on the deep neural network and particle swarm optimization algorithm models, it forecasts the power loads as well as photovoltaic and wind generation capacities. Through the multitime scale optimal scheduling theory, it dynamically adjusts the operational state of the distribution network, striving to minimize carbon emissions and enhance energy utilization efficiency. This holds significant guiding implications for the realization of intelligent planning in distribution networks.
Class Conflict as Catalyst of Trust: A New Research Agenda for International Political Sociology
Authors: Simon Hendrik
Published: December 2024

While it is widely believed that the ongoing transformation of the global economy and the accompanying fragmentation of capitalist production is undermining solidarity, cohesion and trust among workers, this article presents a contrasting perspective: my main argument is that conflicts between capital and labor are complex processes that can serve as catalysts for fostering both solidaristic trust among workers as well as antagonistic trust between capital and labor representatives. While these varieties of trust are in a certain political tension with each other, they both point to the fact that conflicts play a crucial role in politicizing workers and revitalizing their collective power at local, regional, national, transnational, and global levels of the production process. What is at stake in these conflicts is not only collective bargaining, but also how the “political” of labor is constituted under conditions of the global capitalist production, namely via the (re)construction of political consciousness and common identities among workers in daily practices. I develop this argument theoretically by drawing on organizational, industrial, and conflict sociology as well as social movement studies and underpin it empirically with reference to three qualitative and ethnographic research projects on trust and capital–labor conflicts at national and transnational levels. As I show, trust and (class) conflict are not mutually exclusive, but can reinforce each other dialectically, true to the motto: In conflict, we trust!
The Effect of International Actors on Public Support for Government Spending Decisions
Authors: Pinto Pablo M , Rickard Stephanie J , Vreeland James Raymond
Published: December 2024

Does the intervention of an international organization in domestic politics render policy change more popular? While voters may ultimately care only about policy outcomes, the involvement of international actors often seems to lead to resentment. Still, citizens may have greater faith in the wisdom of international actors than in their own government. As others have argued, a well-respected international actor might provide a cue, especially for voters considering controversial policies like spending cuts. We test this argument in a novel pre–post experimental panel study conducted in Spain. We find that citizens become less opposed to unpopular spending cuts when informed that they are required by an international institution. The effects differ, however, across the two organizations that we test: They are stronger for the European Union than for the International Monetary Fund. Our findings lend support to studies arguing that the endorsement of specific international organizations can help push through otherwise unpopular policies.
Quantification of maternal and fetal valaciclovir exposure in a pharmacokinetic study of cytomegalovirus-infected pregnant women treated to prevent vertical transmission
Authors: Faure-Bardon Valentine , Bouazza Naïm , Benaboud Sihem , Foissac Frantz , Rouillon Steeve , Froelicher-Bournaud Léo , Leruez-Ville Marianne , Guilleminot Tiffany , Lui Gabrielle , Tréluyer Jean-Marc , Ville Yves
Published: December 2024

Background

In cases of maternal primary infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV-MPI) maternal treatment with oral valaciclovir 8 g/day has been shown to reduce the risk of fetal infection. The pharmacological profile of this high dosage during pregnancy is not yet known.

Objectives

To quantify maternal-fetal exposure to valaciclovir 8 g/day in a population pharmacokinetic (popPK) study.

Methods

Between October 2019 and April 2023, pregnant women referred for CMV-MPI were offered to participate following: (i) CMV-MPI <14 weeks of gestation; (ii) acceptance of valaciclovir 8 g/day; and (iii) consent for amniocentesis. Amniotic fluid was tested for (i) CMV PCR for prenatal diagnosis; and (ii) dosage of aciclovir concentration (the active form of valaciclovir). Maternal serum levels of aciclovir were also measured. Aciclovir assays in both compartments were used for popPK analysis. Pharmacokinetics were described using non-linear mixed-effect modelling.

Results

We prospectively included 119 women with their 122 fetuses. CMV-MPI occurred at a median of 3.0 (range: −12; + 14) weeks of gestation. CMV-infected pregnant women were treated at a median of 12.3 (range: 4.6–21.4) weeks of gestation for a median duration of 35 days (range: 7–90 days). Median pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmin, Cmax and AUC0–24) were all successfully defined in both maternal blood and amniotic fluid compartments. No differences in aciclovir exposure were observed between infected (n = 12, 9.8%) and non-infected fetuses. Simulations showed that after a last maternal dose, aciclovir concentration would be undetectable in the amniotic fluid after 43–47 h.

Conclusions

In this popPK study, maternal and fetal pharmacokinetics were established using in vivo data. The results provide a better understanding of how this fetal therapy works.
Behavioural impact of antibiotic stewardship in children in primary care: interviews with GPs and parents
Authors: D’hulster Erinn , Digregorio Marina , De Burghgraeve Tine , Luyten Jeroen , Coenen Samuel , Anthierens Sibyl , Verbakel Jan Y
Published: December 2024

Background

The ARON study, a randomized controlled trial, assesses a behavioural intervention incorporating clinically guided C-reactive protein (CRP) point-of-care testing and a parental information booklet to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions for acutely ill children in Belgian primary care.

Objectives

To explore GP and parent views and experiences regarding the ARON trial intervention.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative embedded process evaluation in Belgian general practice. Semi-structured interviews were held with purposively sampled GPs and a convenience sample of mothers of acutely ill children presenting to primary care. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Thirty-four interviews were conducted with 17 GPs and 17 parents from the intervention arm, and four themes were identified. The first theme centres on the supportive role of CRP point-of-care testing in reducing diagnostic uncertainty and decreasing inappropriate prescriptions. The second theme explores the use of CRP in managing perceived parental expectations of antibiotics. The third theme discusses the use of intermediate CRP levels (above the trial’s 5 mg/L cut-off) as an indicator of serious infection, as opposed to its intended role in the trial as a rule-out factor. The final theme delves into the dual functionality of the booklet, enhancing self-management and offering reassurance through safety-netting advice. A logic model depicts the assumptions and (un)anticipated dynamics underlying the relationships between these themes and their subthemes.

Conclusion

Both GPs and parents consider the intervention to be a helpful complementary tool during consultations for acutely ill children.
Variations in digital health literacy for pediatric caregivers of hospitalized children: implications for digital health equity
Authors: Crook Steven , Rosenbluth Glenn , Glidden David V , Fernandez Alicia , Lee Chuan-Mei , Avina Lizette , Magana Leslie , Washington Kiana , Bardach Naomi S
Published: December 2024

Objectives

We sought to assess whether race, ethnicity, and preferred language were associated with digital health literacy in pediatric caregivers.

Materials and Methods

We used linear regression to measure associations between 3 eHealth Literacy Questionnaire (eHLQ) domains (score range: 1-4) and demographic characteristics.

Results

Non-Latinx White respondents (n = 230) had highest adjusted mean eHLQ scores: 3.44 (95% confidence interval: 3.36-3.52) in “Ability to engage,” 3.39 (3.31 to 3.47) in “Feel safe and in control,” and 3.34 (3.25 to 3.41) in “Motivated.” By contrast, Spanish-preferring Latinx respondents (n = 246) had lower adjusted mean scores across all 3 eHLQ domains: 2.97 (P < .0001), 3.21 (P = .004), and 3.19 (P = .033), respectively.

Discussion

Our study contributes insights in variations across ethnoracial and language preference groups by different eHLQ domains, with implications for addressing digital health inequities.

Conclusion

Digital health literacy was lower in Spanish-preferring Latinx pediatric caregivers compared to non-Latinx White caregivers across 3 eHLQ domains. It was lower than English-preferring Latinx caregivers in “Ability.”
2-Oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases as oxygen sensors: their importance in health and disease
Authors: Lee Peter W T , Kobayashi Minoru , Dohkai Takakuni , Takahashi Itsuki , Yoshida Takumi , Harada Hiroshi
Published: December 2024

Since low oxygen conditions below physiological levels, hypoxia, are associated with various diseases, it is crucial to understand the molecular basis behind cellular response to hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have been revealed to primarily orchestrate the hypoxic response at the transcription level and have continuously attracted great attention over the past three decades. In addition to these hypoxia-responsive effector proteins, 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2-OGDD) superfamily including prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain-containing proteins (PHDs) and factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1) has attracted even greater attention in recent years as factors that act as direct oxygen sensors due to their necessity of oxygen for the regulation of the expression and activity of the regulatory subunit of HIFs. Herein, we present a detailed classification of 2-OGDD superfamily proteins, such as Jumonji C-domain-containing histone demethylases, ten-eleven translocation enzymes, AlkB family of DNA/RNA demethylases and lysyl hydroxylases, and discuss their specific functions and associations with various diseases. By introducing the multifaceted roles of 2-OGDD superfamily proteins in the hypoxic response, this review aims to summarize the accumulated knowledge about the complex mechanisms governing cellular adaptation to hypoxia in various physiological and pathophysiological contexts.
Circulating lipocalin-2 across the adult lifespan
Authors: Bauer Carlie , Smith Cassandra , Vogrin Sara , Palmer Andrew S , Woessner Mary , Landen Shanie , Jacques Macsue , Byrnes Elizabeth , Eynon Nir , Sim Marc , Lewis Joshua R , Levinger Itamar
Published: December 2024

Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), a hormone produced by adipocytes, osteoblasts, and renal tubular cells, is implicated in age-related diseases, including cardio-metabolic disease. To understand the role LCN2 may play in pathological states, we first need to elucidate the relationship between circulating LCN2 with indices of cardio-metabolic health during “normal” aging. This study examined the relationship between serum levels of LCN2, age, and cardio-metabolic measures across the adult lifespan in males and females. We conducted a pooled cohort analysis including 124 community-dwelling males (n = 52) and females (n = 72) (age 20–87 yr, median BMI 25.92 [23.04, 29.81] kg/m2). Serum LCN2 was analyzed using a two-step chemiluminescent microparticle monoclonal immunoassay. The relationship between LCN2 and age was evaluated by linear regression and cubic spline. Simple linear regressions were performed to investigate the relationship between LCN2 and the following variables: BMI, VO2peak, serum glucose, and body composition (DXA). For every 1 yr increase in age, LCN2 levels were 0.26 mg/L higher (P = .007, 95% CI [0.07, 0.45]). Each 1 unit increase in BMI (kg/m2) was associated with 0.88 mg/L higher LCN2 levels (P = .027, [0.10, 1.66]) and each 1 unit increase in VO2peak (mL/kg/min) was associated with 0.38 mg/L lower LCN2 (p = .003, [−0.63, −0.13]).There was no significant relationship between LCN2 and sex, glucose levels or body composition (all p > .05). LCN2 increased linearly across the adult lifespan while it decreased as fitness level increased. Future research should build on these findings to determine whether LCN2 can be used as a biomarker for chronic disease and if exercise can mitigate age-related disease associated with LCN2 changes.
A sign language journey to the land of smiles: Thailand study abroad
Authors: Meek David R , Ballentine Pauline M , Buchanan Beverly J , Clark M Diane , Cohen Brad S , Simmons Paul K
Published: December 2024

This qualitative study focused on the synergistic experience of a group of Deaf1 and hearing participants during a 2-week international study-abroad program to investigate the impact of immersing hearing American Sign Language (ASL) undergraduate majors with culturally Deaf faculty and doctoral students. 20 participants included undergraduate students who were ASL majors, Deaf doctoral students, faculty members, and an interpreter. Data included narratives with the Deaf faculty leader and the hearing ASL interpreter, a content analysis with the hearing undergraduates, and a section focused on the Deaf perspective with a thematic analysis with the Deaf faculty, students, and alumni. 6 themes emerged in the discussion of students’ experiences during the tour in Thailand, including being immersed into the Deaf world, the challenge of not comprehending what was happening, the patience of the Thai people, experiencing cultural differences, receptive skills improving, comprehension increasing, and issues related to scheduling of events. The impact of both international and multicultural influences are discussed. Additionally, recommendations for travel agencies that work with Deaf study-abroad leaders are included.
A Bayesian approach to the analysis of dose–response data: estimating natural survivorship without Abbott’s correction and inclusion of overdispersion estimates
Authors: Caprio Michael A , Malaquias Jose B , Reisig Dominic
Published: December 2024

We assessed the utility of a Bayesian analysis of dose–mortality curves using probit analysis. A Bayesian equivalent of a conventional single population probit analysis using Abbott’s correction demonstrated the ability of the Bayesian model to recover parameters from generative data. We then developed a model that removed Abbott’s correction and estimated natural survivorship as part of the overall model fitting process. Based on WAIC (information content) scores, this model was selected over the model using Abbott’s corrected data in 196 out of 200 randomly generated datasets. This suggests that considerable information on control survivorship exists in response to treated doses in a bioassay, information that is partially removed when using Abbott’s correction. Overdispersion in count data is common in ecological data, and a final model was developed that estimated overdispersion (kappa) as part of the model fitting process. When this model was compared to a model without overdispersion, it was selected as the best model in all 200 randomly generated datasets when kappa was low (5–20, high levels of overdispersion), while the 2 models performed equally well when kappa was large (500–2,000, low levels of overdispersion). The model with overdispersion was used to estimate parameters from bioassays of 10 populations of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) exposed to Vip3a toxin, identifying 26 out of 45 pairwise comparisons that showed strong evidence of differences in LC50 estimates, adjusted for multiple comparisons.
The law for mini-organ prototypes in a dish. Mapping the legal status options for organoids in Swiss law
Authors: Fausch Inesa
Published: December 2024

Advances in generating human mini-organ prototypes will further improve fundamental research,1 disease modeling,2 drug screening3 and the development of personalized medicine.4 Currently, there is no legal definition, identified legal status, or existing regulatory framework for organoids. Ethical discussions regarding brain and embryo-like mini-organ models leave researchers uncertain about the extent to which work on any organoids is legally permissible. The legal protection of human embryos, many other separated human body parts5 as well as organoids is more complex than the application of the traditional rules of rights in rem or of the law of personality alone. The paper’s focus is to examine whether the legal status of organoids or lack thereof, could influence their concrete regulatory framework, or whether a legal status in private law is necessary for their regulation. This paper deliberately chooses not to attempt a unifying theory of law but rather to argue for a possible regulation of organoids using the example of Swiss law.6 While, at present, there is no comprehensive research addressing either the status or the regulation of organoids, we believe that the argumentation presented could improve the overall understanding of how a potential organoid regulation could be set out within national legal frameworks.
Practical Wisdom, Clinical Judgments, and the Agential View
Authors: Jotterand Fabrice , Derse Arthur , Spellecy Ryan , Stawski Chris , Kalet Adina
Published: December 2024

This paper argues that practical wisdom represents a useful framework for understanding the synthesis of the scientific, technical, and moral dimensions of medical practice and may, therefore, guide the meaningful integration of concepts of competence and character into the education and support of both the technical and moral agency of medical professionals. The authors show the importance of practical wisdom in three distinct domains: (1) in effective deliberation in clinical judgments; (2) in helping clinicians flourish by making wise decisions in light of the moral and emotional challenges they face in their practice; and (3) in helping physicians navigate between the rights of patients, the physician’s own moral good, and the objective good intrinsic to medicine. To promote the physician’s own moral good and the objective good intrinsic to medicine, the authors propose a philosophical position, the agential view, that preserves an essentialist view of medicine but emphasizes the necessity to develop a personal moral philosophy of clinical practice.
Obesity Is a Risk Factor for Severe Influenza Virus Infection and COVID-19 in Children
Authors: Noye Ellesandra C , Bekkering Siroon , Sng Julian D J , Burgner David , Longmore Danielle K , Short Kirsty R
Published: December 2024

During influenza A virus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in adults, obesity is an independent risk factor for severe disease. In children, evidence is less clear. Research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underpinning any association between obesity and severe respiratory viral infections in children.
Joint modelling of national cultures accounting for within and between-country heterogeneity
Authors: Vinciotti Veronica , De Benedictis Luca , Wit Ernst C
Published: December 2024

Cultural values vary significantly around the world. Despite a large heterogeneity, similarities across national cultures are present. This article studies cross-country culture heterogeneity via the joint inference of country-specific copula graphical models from world-wide survey data. To this end, a random graph generative model of the cultural networks is introduced, with a latent space and proximity measures that embed cultural relatedness across countries. Within-country heterogeneity is also accounted for, via parametric modelling of the marginal distributions of each cultural trait. Altogether, the different components of the model are able to identify several dimensions of culture.
Scalable couplings for the random walk Metropolis algorithm
Authors: Papp Tamás P , Sherlock Chris
Published: December 2024

There has been a recent surge of interest in coupling methods for Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms: they facilitate convergence quantification and unbiased estimation, while exploiting embarrassingly parallel computing capabilities. Motivated by these, we consider the design and analysis of couplings of the random walk Metropolis algorithm which scale well with the dimension of the target measure. Methodologically, we introduce a low-rank modification of the synchronous coupling that is provably optimally contractive in standard high-dimensional asymptotic regimes. We expose a shortcoming of the reflection coupling, the state of the art at the time of writing, and we propose a modification which mitigates the issue. Our analysis bridges the gap to the optimal scaling literature and builds a framework of asymptotic optimality which may be of independent interest. We illustrate the applicability of our proposed couplings, and the potential for extending our ideas, with various numerical experiments.
Adaptive conformal classification with noisy labels
Authors: Sesia Matteo , Wang Y X Rachel , Tong Xin
Published: December 2024

This article develops a conformal prediction method for classification tasks that can adapt to random label contamination in the calibration sample, often leading to more informative prediction sets with stronger coverage guarantees compared to existing approaches. This is obtained through a precise characterization of the coverage inflation (or deflation) suffered by standard conformal inferences in the presence of label contamination, which is then made actionable through a new calibration algorithm. Our solution can leverage different modelling assumptions about the contamination process, while requiring no knowledge of the underlying data distribution or of the inner workings of the classification model. The empirical performance of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulations and an application to object classification with the CIFAR-10H image data set.
A rare case of appendiceal haemorrhage causing life-threatening haematochezia
Authors: Tang Howard H Y , Pan Daming , Fitzdowse Andrew , Ow Aaron , Chan Stephen , Tan Jason S C
Published: December 2024

Our case involved a 28-year-old man who presented with life-threatening haematochezia. Computed tomography angiogram revealed contrast extravasation from the appendix pooling in the caecum. Management via laparoscopic stapled partial caecectomy was successful. Histopathology revealed focal mild acute appendicitis with focal ulceration to submucosa.
Pelvic lipomatosis—a rare diagnosis and a challenging management: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ata Yaser M , Al-Jassim Fatima A , Alabassi Kholoud , Albakr Ahmed , Ismail Taha , Al Jalham Khalid
Published: December 2024

Pelvic lipomatosis (PL) involves nonmalignant excess fat growth in perirectal and perivesical areas, gaining recognition over three decades. This review addresses its clinicopathological aspects amid controversies, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive examination of current literature. This report outlines a 42-year-old man’s diagnostic journey for persistent urological symptoms, ultimately identified as PL. PL, if untreated, adversely impacts the urinary system, affecting kidney function and causing systemic complications. Management involves accurate diagnosis through radiological methods and surgical intervention, aiming to alleviate symptoms and enhance affected individuals’ quality of life.
Temporomandibular joint ganglion-induced external auditory canal obstruction associated with osteoarthritis: a case report
Authors: Nishimura Nao Yamamoto , Usuki Takasuke , Seki Soju , Nishio Takahiro , Ishibashi Miki , Hamaguchi Munehiro
Published: December 2024

Ganglions are pseudocysts that develop from part of the joint capsule or tendon sheath and are filled with synovial fluid. In this report, we describe a case of external auditory canal obstruction caused by a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ganglion that was thought to be related to osteoarthritis. A 62-year-old man with the chief complaint of swelling of the anterior wall of the left external auditory canal underwent cystectomy at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology. Histopathological examination revealed a ganglion. Three months later, the swelling reappeared; computed tomography revealed an enlarged left temporomandibular head, which prompted the patient to visit our department. Subsequently, the ear canal was completely obstructed due to worsened swelling, and TMJ arthroplasty and ear canalplasty were performed. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well with no recurrence of swelling. Ganglions that arise as masses in the external auditory canal may be accompanied by osteoarthritis.
Vaginal myomectomy for a large intrastromal cervical fibroid: a case report
Authors: Alebrahim Yousef , Lim Ee Thong , Manias Theofanis , Tsampras Nikolaos
Published: December 2024

Fibroids affect up to two-thirds of women of reproductive age and can lead to significant symptoms, including abnormal uterine bleeding and reproductive dysfunction. Cervical fibroids are rare, with an incidence of only 0.6%. Currently, there is no consensus on the optimal surgical approach for management of cervical fibroids. Pedunculated extracervical fibroids are routinely removed vaginally. However, intrastromal (intracervical) fibroids often require a laparoscopic or laparotomic approach. We report a case of vaginal myomectomy for the management of a large cervical fibroid in a 43-year-old patient seeking fertility treatment. We discuss the feasibility of this surgical approach and its potential for enhanced recovery.
The transnational governance model as a necessary tool for building a transnational regulatory system for the de-carbonization actions for the oil and gas sector
Authors: Braga Luciana Palmeira , Pinto Helder Queiroz
Published: December 2024

Climate change is undeniable. It is necessary to reduce emissions in order to curb global warming and meet the Paris Agreement goals. Globally, the energy sector is the bigger greenhouse gases emitter, especially for the use of fossil fuels. Thus, it is important to think about strategies to reduce the intensity of emissions from these sources and to replace them. Previous energy transitions occurred due to the discovery of cheaper and more efficient sources, in a long-term process. The challenge imposed by this transition is to make it in a short time while moving towards less efficient sources and more expensive technologies. So, the state will have a central role to play, drawing up public policies and regulations to encourage the transition to a low-carbon economy. Thus, the state will need to act as the main promoter of this transition, offering the conditions for a fairly process, without representing too high cost for the most vulnerable populations, and in a short term. To face it, the state cannot rely solely on its resources. As proposed by Abbott and Snidal, the state will need to exercise a new form of governance, orchestrating a plurality of actors and rules from different natures to build an adequate regulation with the capacity to update itself more promptly. The state can accelerate the timing of its actions by counting on the expertise and resources of other actors, ensuring that the public interest is pursued and that the involvement of society is guaranteed in the drafting of regulations. Thus, the regulatory system for decarbonization actions in the O&G sector will be produced jointly by state and non-state actors, combining expertise and resources. It will be made up of national, international, and transnational rules, forming a transnational legal order, as proposed by Halliday and Shaffer. As Weaver argues, time is short and the collaboration and information sharing are essential, especially when both regulated private energy companies and the state actors have pledged to meet a net-zero goal to face the climate emergency. Also, the importance of creating partnerships to achieve a more sustainable reality is even included in the UN’s 17th Sustainable Development Goals. In sum, cooperation has the power to expand respective national response capabilities and generate substantive global results.
The terminator region atmosphere of the hot Jupiter WASP-77 A b with ESPRESSO/VLT observations
Authors: Jiang Zewen , Wang Wei , Chen Guo , Shi Yaqing , Zhai Meng , Rojo Patricio , Liu Yujuan , Zhao Gang
Published: December 2024

Atmospheric studies are essential for elucidating the formation history, evolutionary processes, and atmospheric dynamics of exoplanets. High-resolution transmission spectroscopy offers the advantage of detecting subtle variations in stellar spectral profiles, thereby enabling the identification of the sources of observed signals. In this study, we present the transmission spectra of the exoplanet WASP-77 A b, a hot Jupiter with a 1.36-d orbital period around a G8 host star with $V=11.29 \, {\rm mag}$. These observations were conducted using the high-resolution spectrograph ESPRESSO (Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanets and Stable Spectroscopic Observations) at the VLT (Very Large Telescope) over three transit events. We analyse the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect for WASP-77 A and determine a projected spin–orbit angle of ${\lambda = 16.131^{\circ }}^{+2.106}_{-2.324}$, indicating that the planet’s orbit is nearly aligned. Following the generation of transmission spectra for the three nights, we model and correct for centre-to-limb variation and the Rossiter–McLaughlin effects. In the residual transmission spectra, we detect ${\rm H} \, \alpha$, ${\rm H} \, \beta$, and Ca ii H with a significance exceeding $3.5 \sigma$. After applying $0.1\!-\!0.5$ Å masks to the cores of these lines to mitigate stellar contamination, all of them still show visible absorptions although not significant, suggesting at least partial planet contribution to them. Therefore, we are yet unable to confirm or reject the planetary origin of these spectral signals based on the current data set. Further investigation of WASP-77 A b’s atmosphere, particularly in areas beyond the terminator region, is essential to illuminate the planet’s two-dimensional atmospheric structure.
ChiTaRS 8.0: the comprehensive database of chimeric transcripts and RNA-seq data with applications in liquid biopsy
Authors: DSouza Dylan , Bik Lihi , Giwa Olawumi , Cohen Shahaf , Barazany Hilit Levy , Siegal Tali , Frenkel-Morgenstern Milana
Published: December 2024

Gene fusions are nucleotide sequences formed due to errors in replication and transcription control. These errors, resulting from chromosomal translocation, transcriptional errors or trans-splicing, vary from cell to cell. The identification of fusions has become critical as key biomarkers for disease diagnosis and therapy in various cancers, significantly influencing modern medicine. Chimeric Transcripts and RNA-Sequencing database version 8.0 (ChiTaRS 8.0; http://biosrv.org/chitars) is a specialized repository for human chimeric transcripts, containing 47 445 curated RNA transcripts and over 100 000 chimeric sequences in humans. This updated database provides unique information on 1055 chimeric breakpoints derived from public datasets using chromosome conformation capture techniques (the Hi-C datasets). It also includes an expanded list of gene fusions that are potential drug targets, and chimeric breakpoints across 934 cell lines, positioning ChiTaRS 8.0 as a valuable resource for testing personalized cancer therapies. By utilizing text mining on a curated selection of disease-specific RNA-sequencing data from public datasets, as well as patient blood and plasma samples, we have identified novel chimeras—particularly in diseases such as oral squamous cell carcinoma and glioblastoma—now catalogued in ChiTaRS. Thus, ChiTaRS 8.0 serves as an enhanced fusion transcript repository that incorporates insights into the functional landscape of chimeras in cancers and other complex diseases, based on liquid biopsy results.
Enhanced detection and genotyping of disease-associated tandem repeats using HMMSTR and targeted long-read sequencing
Authors: Van Deynze Kinsey , Mumm Camille , Maltby Connor J , Switzenberg Jessica A , Todd Peter K , Boyle Alan P
Published: December 2024

Tandem repeat sequences comprise approximately 8% of the human genome and are linked to more than 50 neurodegenerative disorders. Accurate characterization of disease-associated repeat loci remains resource intensive and often lacks high resolution genotype calls. We introduce a multiplexed, targeted nanopore sequencing panel and HMMSTR, a sequence-based tandem repeat copy number caller which outperforms current signal- and sequence-based callers relative to two assemblies and we show it performs with high accuracy in heterozygous regions and at low read coverage. The flexible panel allows us to capture disease associated regions at an average coverage of >150x. Using these tools, we successfully characterize known or suspected repeat expansions in patient derived samples. In these samples, we also identify unexpected expanded alleles at tandem repeat loci not previously associated with the underlying diagnosis. This genotyping approach for tandem repeat expansions is scalable, simple, flexible and accurate, offering significant potential for diagnostic applications and investigation of expansion co-occurrence in neurodegenerative disorders.
Magnetar emergence in a peculiar gamma-ray burst from a compact star merger
Authors: Sun H , Wang C-W , Yang J , Zhang B-B , Xiong S-L , Yin Y-H I , Liu Y , Li Y , Xue W-C , Yan Z-Y , Zhang C , Tan W-J , Pan H-W , Liu J-C , Cheng H-Q , Zhang Y-Q , Hu J-W , Zheng C , An Z-H , Cai C , Cai Z-M , Hu L , Jin C , Li D-Y , Li X-Q , Liu H-Y , Liu M , Peng W-X , Song L-M , Sun S-L , Sun X-J , Wang X-L , Wen X-Y , Xiao S , Yi S-X , Zhang F , Zhang W-D , Zhang X-F , Zhang Y-H , Zhao D-H , Zheng S-J , Ling Z-X , Zhang S-N , Yuan W , Zhang B
Published: December 2024

The central engine that powers gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the most powerful explosions in the universe, is still not identified. Besides hyper-accreting black holes, rapidly spinning and highly magnetized neutron stars, known as millisecond magnetars, have been suggested to power both long and short GRBs[1–8]. The presence of a magnetar engine following compact star mergers is of particular interest as it would provide essential constraints on the poorly understood equation of state for neutron stars[9,10]. Indirect indications of a magnetar engine in these merger sources have been observed in the form of plateau features present in the X-ray afterglow light curves of some short GRBs[11,12]. Additionally, some X-ray transients lacking gamma-ray bursts have been identified as potential magnetar candidates originating from compact star mergers[7,13,14]. Nevertheless, smoking gun evidence is still lacking for a magnetar engine in short GRBs, and associated theoretical challenges have been raised[15]. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the broad-band prompt emission data of a peculiar, very bright GRB 230307A. Despite its apparently long duration, the prompt emission and host galaxy properties are consistent with a compact star merger origin, as suggested by its association with a kilonova[16]. Intriguingly, an extended X-ray emission component shows up as the γ-ray emission dies out, signifying the likely emergence of a magnetar central engine. We also identify an achromatic temporal break in the high-energy band during the prompt emission phase, which was never observed in previous bursts and reveals a narrow jet with half opening angle of ∼3.4○(RGRB/1015 cm)−1/2, where RGRB is the GRB prompt emission radius.
Prevalence and Predictors of Concomitant Bacterial Infections in Patients With Respiratory Viruses in Ontario: A Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Yue , Swayze Sarah , Brown Kevin A , MacFadden Derek R , Lee Samantha M , Schwartz Kevin L , Daneman Nick , Langford Bradley J
Published: December 2024

Background

To investigate the prevalence of concomitant bacterial infection across common viral infections.

Methods

This population-based cohort study included patients infected with influenza A and B (FLUA, FLUB) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Ontario between 2017 and 2019 and patients with SARS-CoV-2 between 2020 and 2021. Specific bacteria present in concomitant infections were identified. Concomitant infections were further classified into different categories (eg, coinfection −2 to +2 days from viral infection and secondary infection >2 days after viral infection). We used logistic regression models to estimate the odds of bacterial infections for FLUA, FLUB, and RSV relative to SARS-CoV-2 while adjusting for confounders.

Results

A total of 4230 (0.5%, 885 004) viral cases had concomitant bacterial infections, encompassing 422 of FLUB (4.7%, 8891), 861 of FLUA (3.9%, 22 313), 428 of RSV (3.4%, 12 774), and 2519 of COVID-19 (0.3%, 841 026). The most prevalent species causing concomitant bacterial infection were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. When compared with SARS-CoV-2, the adjusted odds ratio for bacterial infection was 1.69 (95% CI, 1.48–1.93) for FLUA, 2.30 (95% CI, 1.97–2.69) for FLUB, and 1.56 (95% CI, 1.33–1.82) for RSV. The adjusted odds of coinfection in patients with SARS-CoV-2 were lower but higher for secondary infection as compared with the other viruses.

Conclusions

A higher prevalence and risk of concomitant bacterial infection were found in FLUA, FLUB, and RSV as compared with SARS-CoV-2, although this is largely driven by coinfections. Ongoing surveillance efforts are needed to compare the risk of concomitant infections during periods when these viruses are cocirculating.
Enhancing early career development in pain medicine: the comprehensive role of mentorship
Authors: Eshraghi Yashar , Barad Meredith , Pritzlaff Scott , Emerick Trent , Wahezi Sayed , Anitescu Magdalena , Kohan Lynn
Published: December 2024

Mentorship plays a vital role in pain medicine, guiding professionals from medical training through independent practice. This article explores how mentorship fosters research, enhances clinical competence, and promotes multidisciplinary collaboration. Drawing on insights from leading institutions, we propose a structured mentorship framework tailored to different career stages. Effective mentorship cultivates research skills, expands academic networks, and provides early exposure to the field, shaping long-term career trajectories. It also strengthens clinical expertise, encourages cross-disciplinary collaboration, and advances diversity, equity, and inclusion in medicine. Structured academic mentorship models offer longitudinal guidance for sustained professional development. By aligning mentor-mentee goals and ensuring consistent support, mentorship programs maximize professional growth and ultimately improve patient outcomes. This article outlines key strategies and tools for building effective mentorship programs, emphasizing their transformative impact on the field of pain medicine.
The role of nailfold video-capillaroscopy in the assessment of dermatomyositis
Authors: Xu Hui , Qian Jie
Published: December 2024

Objectives

The clinical manifestations of dermatomyositis (DM) are diverse, nailfold video-capillaroscopy (NVC) can reflect microangiopathy, a process believed to contribute significantly to the clinical manifestations of DM. We aimed to explore the distinctive alterations and implications of nailfold capillary for evaluating disease progression in individuals with DM.

Methods

We gathered clinical data from 76 DM patients who underwent NVC in the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University between September 2017 and September 2022. Additionally, we recruited 26 anti-synthase antibody syndrome (ASS) patients and 33 systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients as controls. Utilizing an unsupervised machine learning method (hierarchical clustering analysis) to categorized patients based on NVC results and compared clinical characteristics and survival outcomes. The follow-up period ended in December 2022.

Results

Anomalous NVC patterns were detected in 73.7% of the 76 DM patients and manifested as diminished capillary density and abnormal capillary morphology. Patients displaying abnormal NVC findings exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon and a greater likelihood of being managed with triple combination therapy. Compared with SSc patients, milder NVC changes were observed in patients with DM, nonetheless, NVC abnormalities were more prominent in DM patients when contrasted with individuals with ASS. Furthermore, the patients were classified into two different clusters according to NVC data. Patients in cluster 1 were more likely to develop interstitial lung disease (ILD). Survival outcomes did not differ significantly between the two clusters.

Conclusion

DM patients can experience varying degrees of aberrant NVC patterns, which can impact ILD risk and warrant clinical vigilance.
Global innovation cooperation and governance: evidence from China
Authors: Sun Tara Qian , Liu Yun , Fu Xiaolan , Rogers Juan
Published: December 2024

Global innovation cooperation and governance have become increasingly critical against the backdrop of rapid digital transformation and evolving international dynamics. The purpose of this special section is to examine the pivotal role of collaborative innovation frameworks amid the swift proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, emphasizing the importance of harmonized international regulations and institutional arrangements with evidance from China at the firm, industrial, and regional levels. By situating AI as both a driver of economic competitiveness and a potential source of regulatory challenges, the special section underscores the need for robust global partnerships and policy coordination. Such initiatives not only facilitate shared research and development efforts but also foster an environment conducive to ethical, transparent, and sustainable innovation. Drawing on recent advancements and ongoing policy debates, this special section provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and strategies necessary to enhance cross-border collaboration. Ultimately, the findings highlight the imperative of building an inclusive, adaptable, and future-oriented governance system, ensuring that innovation and technological progress contribute to equitable and enduring global development.