bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The History of Chinese-Korean Baduk in Jilin Province
Authors: Li Chengyu , Kim Jinhwan
Published: March 2024

This study explored the development process of Jilin Chinese-Korean Baduk by collecting data on Jilin Chinese-Korean Baduk scattered sporadically around publications such as Jilin Newspaper and Yanbian TV Radio Broadcasting Station to systematically establish the history of Jilin Chinese-Korean Baduk. Through this, the history of Chinese-Korean Baduk in Jilin Province was divided into four stages, and the characteristics and significance of each stage are summarized as follows. First, with the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, a clear definition and district division of the Chinese-Korean people was created, and the Chinese-Korean people of this period learned from the sight of the Japanese playing Baduk before liberation. From this time on, it showed the beginning of Jilin Province Chinese-Korean Baduk. Second, in 1978 Chinese-Korean Baduk started and the peak was the 1984 China-Japan Super Competition. Due to the influence of China-Japan Super Competition, there was also a Baduk class in Jilin Province that taught Baduk to Chinese-Korean for the first time. Baduk competition was also held for Chinese-Korean. Third, the leap period began after the establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and China in 1992. Many Koreans came to china and among them, there was a Baduk director who taught Baduk, and the language of the Chinese-Korean was similar to that of Korea, so they naturally trained a lot of Chinese-Korean Baduk players. In addition, several Baduk exchanges were conducted by connecting the Korean Baduk community and the Jilin Chinese-Korean Baduk Association. In addition, the Korean director, who teaches Baduk, has a history of sending international students to Korea's Yoo Chang-hyuk and Yang Jae-ho's Baduk Dojo. During this period, the Yanbian Chinese-Korean Autonomous Baduk Association were founded and the Chinese-Korean School in Jilin Province officially promoted Chinese-Korean Baduk. The first official Chinese-Korean Baduk competition hosted by the Yanbian Korean Baduk Autonomous named "Yanbian Chinese-Korean Baduk championship" was held from 1988 to 1995, and the school selected Baduk as a regular subject for first and second graders after school. Fourth, the decline lasted from 2010 to the present. From 2010 to 2020, about 10% of Chinese-Korean living in Jilin Province are living in other cities or foreign countries in China, especially Korea, and the trend is gradually expanding. The decline in the Chinese-Korean population is the biggest reason for the development of Chinese-Korean Baduk. In addition, the Communist Party's “minority national united front” policy also weakens the characteristics of Chinese-Korean.
Impact of Remote Criminal Trial on the Evidentiary Value of Witness Testimony and Cross-Examination
Authors: Ahmad Syed Shaharyar
Published: March 2024

This article evaluates the credibility and evidentiary value of witness testimony and cross-examination conducted remotely in a criminal trial. It begins by discussing the difference between a typical criminal trial/proceeding and a criminal trial conducted remotely through video-link via Zoom, Google Meet, or other online video-meeting platforms. Furthermore, it elaborates on the principles of a fair trial. It makes a critical inquiry as to whether the parameters of a fair trial are met if the trial is conducted remotely. The article aims to establish that while remote criminal trials can serve as an alternative to regular criminal trials, this benefit does come with a significant cost. It is for the judges and jury to decide whether the benefit outweighs the price through a cost-benefit analysis of the entire scenario. The main argument behind discouraging the trend of remote criminal trials is its impact on the evidentiary value of witness testimony and cross-examination. These two components are considered to be the essence of a criminal trial. Lastly, it discusses the impact of remote criminal trials on the evidentiary value of these components in light of the comparative analysis of procedural formalities and requirements.
Estilos de afrontamiento del estrés en mujeres y hombres universitarias (os) Post-Covid-19, del Sureste de México
Authors: López Caamal María Eugenia , Ruiz de Chávez Figueroa María Concepción , Lomelí Gutiérrez Ruth
Published: March 2024

Estudio realizado con estudiantes universitarios de trabajo social de los estados de Campeche y Veracruz. Objetivo. Analizar las estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés en mujeres y hombres universitarios en el contexto Post Covid-19, del Sureste de México, de los años 2021 al 2023. Método. Estudio con alcance descriptivo, enfoque cuantitativo, transversal y de campo; participaron 308 universitarios, se empleó el método de análisis y para la recolección de datos el “Cuestionario de Afrontamiento del Estrés (CAE)” de Sandín y Chorot (2003), que consta de 42 ítems, con un rango de respuesta de cinco puntos y siete factores de primer orden: BAS = Búsqueda de apoyo social, REP = Reevaluación positiva, FSP = Focalización en la solución de problemas, RLG = Religión, EEA = Expresión emocional abierta, AFN = Auto-focalización negativa, y EVT = Evitación. Los siete factores de primer orden se definen en dos dimensiones o factores de segundo orden: Estilo de Afrontamiento Positivo o centrado en el problema (EAP) con BAS, FSP y REP, y Estilo de Afrontamiento Negativo o centrado en la emoción (EAN) con EEA, RLG, EVT y AFN. El coeficiente α de Cronbach de los siete factores variaron de .64 y .92, con una media de .79, en la muestra española de 592 estudiantes (Sandín y Chorot, 2003), y de .67 y .91, con una media de .76, en la muestra mexicana de 365 estudiantes. Se realizó prueba t para muestras independientes, prueba Anova y estadísticos descriptivos.  Resultados. En los factores de afrontamiento del estrés, en Autofocalización negativa (AFN) se encontró diferencias significativas entre mujeres y hombres, en los seis restantes no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas en las puntuaciones.
MEI FEI – THE CONCUBINE PLUM BLOSSOM
Authors: Doncheva Ivanka
Published: March 2024

Mei Fei was one of the favourite concubines of Emperor Xuan Zong (685–762) of the Tang Dynasty, whose stay in the palace coincided with that of another favourite of the emperor, Yang Guifei. But while much has been written about Yang Guifei, almost nothing is known about Mei Fei. The little that is known about her is mostly due to a copy (dating from the end of the 11th – the beginning of the 12th century) of a scroll taken by the bookseller Zhu Zundu, known by the nickname Zhu Wanjuan (“Zhu – the ten thousand scrolls”).
MIDI Z AND THE ANXIOUS WORLDS OF THE ACTRESSES BETWEEN LIFE AND DEATH
Authors: Martonova Andronika
Published: March 2024

The paper draws unusual parallels between a Taiwanese, a Hong Kong and a Bulgarian feature film: ‘Nina Wu’ by Midi Z, ‘Center Stage’ by Stanley Kwan and ‘Scenes from the life of an actress’ by Ivan Vladimirov. Through the unrestful portrait of the actress in cinema these directors explore different tensions in heterogeneous social circles – both close (family and friendship) and professional (in the field of film production). The three directors – Stanley Kwan, Midi Z and Ivan Vladimirov, looking for an appropriate artistic expression in their works and personal style – disintegrate and defragment the fragile actor’s soul. The general dramaturgical model is related to the attempt to create a meta-biographical narrative through the language of the documentary and the subliminal.
INTERNATIONAL LAW ASPECTS OF THE CHINESE-BULGARIAN REGIONAL PARTNERSHIP IN THE NORTHEAST REGION
Authors: Tian Jianjun , Tian Mariana
Published: March 2024

The study covers Chinese cities and areas twinned with Bulgarian cities and areas located in the Northeast (the territory of Varna Region, Dobrich Region, Targovishte Region and Shumen Region) NUTS-2 statistical region. In addition to the brief geographical, historical, cultural, educational and commercial-economic information about the Chinese settlements, the article also presents the specific normative acts which set the beginning of the “twinning” between them. The article also follows the development of their cooperation in various spheres, the achieved results, as well as the unrealized projects laid down in the preliminary plans. The final part analyzes the opportunities, obstacles, challenges and prospects for a further partnership with the local authorities and citizens of the Bulgarian and Chinese sities, settlements and regions under discussion.
PROSPECTS FOR DECARBONIZING THE CHINESE ECONOMY
Authors: Peneva Teodora
Published: March 2024

hina is the world’s largest carbon emitter, with 10.7 million kilotons of emissions in 2019, accounting for 31.6% of the world’s total emissions, according to World Bank data. At the end of 2020, China committed to peak emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 20602, an ambitious goal that requires a comprehensive policy framework for each polluting sector and the creation of a sound financial system to provide capital for the investment. What is the task before China and what are the prospects for its implementation? The article offers an overview of the objectives by sector, the policies to achieve them, the challenges and prospects for the implementation of the objectives.
MULTI-LINGUAL EDUCATION IN THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE: CHALLENGES AND SUGGESTIONS
Authors: Xiao Shan , Xu Chenghui , Zeng Weijin
Published: March 2024

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a great systematic project and the implementation of BRI has brought broader development prospects for the countries (regions) along the route. Language support is the guarantee for the realization of BRI. According to statistics, the countries along the Belt and Road are rich in language resources with a wide range of languages in nine major language families. Through a brief description of the language policies in the BRI countries and an analysis of the language education development, this paper summarizes the current challenges facing language education and offers constructive suggestions on how to address the language issues under the BRI framework.
THE ACCELERATION OF THE CHINESE SPACE PROGRAM
Authors: Manov Boris
Published: March 2024

The acceleration of the Chinese Space program in the recent years is undisputable and definitive, asserting China’s ambitions towards the space sector and a contest of the final frontier. The pace of this acceleration has intensified as the Chinese space progress has amplified in the last years, allowing the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to dwell upon decades of space research and create space technologies with the ability to match the capabilities of traditional space nations. The Chinese National Space Agency (CNSA) has been at the helm of the developing space capabilities enabling China to compete and cooperate with other nations in outer space. Due to the nature of space, the discourse of international relations has become encompassing and dynamic, allowing the participants of the upcoming space race to shift the balance of power and project their power across the international spectrum. Recent developments in the space sector illustrate the Chinese attempts to intensify the utilization of space as a key area of interest and expand their influence globally.
CHINESE DAILY LIFE DURING THE 18th CENTURY IN JOHN BELL’S TRAVEL NOTES
Authors: Petkov Pavel
Published: March 2024

The article discusses John Bell’s travel account The Travels of John Bell (1719) and focuses on the passages in which the author discusses the daily lives of common Chinese people. The analysis demonstrates that Bell’s travelogue follows – to a certain extent – the established imagological trends characteristic of the 18th century and in doing so falls well within the cultural paradigm of the Enlightenment. At the same time, it becomes clear that the Scottish physician is no ordinary traveler: he manages to maintain a much more objective and level-headed attitude towards the East than many of his traveling contemporaries.
A YOUNG LADY’S ROAD TO THE POLITICAL LIFE OF CHINA – FROM SOONG QINGLING TO MADAME SUN YAT-SEN AND HONORARY CHAIRMAN OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Authors: Yonkova Teodora
Published: March 2024

This work follows the path of the young girl Soong Qingling’s becoming a part of the political life or revolutionary and communist China. It starts with the brief story of her father Charlie Soong – one of the first Chinese people to convert to Christianity. His background and his connection to the revolution and SunYat-sen are also mentioned. Then the life of Sun Yat-sen and his connection with the Soong family are explained as well as the role of Soong Qingling in the political life of China through some major events from the beginning of the Revolution to the establishment of PRC.
ACADEMIES FOR CLASSICAL EDUCATION 书院 AS PART OF CULTURAL LIFE AND EDUCATION IN CHINA
Authors: Tsoncheva Polina
Published: March 2024

For thousands of years academies for classical education 书院 were an important part not only of the educational but also of the cultural life of Chinese feudal society. Unlike all previous similar institutions, the academies managed to expand their activities beyond the borders of the imperial court. Thanks to private funding, 书院 has expanded its activity filling important gaps in Chinese society. Relying both on state and private funding, these educational, research and library centers manage for a long period of time to develop beyond the control of the state, pursuing scientific freedom and innovation. The overall history of the development of academies is marked by periods of stagnation, prosperity and even prohibition of their activity. The uniqueness of this institution made it popular not only in China but also in other Asian countries.
ELIN PELIN’S SHORT STORY “THE OLD OX”
Authors: Chileva Nora
Published: March 2024

Elin Pelin, one of Bulgaria’s most prominent authors, has been translated into many languages, including Chinese. This paper adopts the method of close reading of the Chinese text to interpret one of the key works of Elin Pelin, The Old Ox (Lao Niu). In the 1920s it was translated by Mao Dun, who was impressed by the story. In 1980 Foreign Literature Publishing House published the translated version of Chen Wenyuan and Wei Zhendong. It is a given that the translator‘s writing style determines the Chinese readers’ understanding of the original. Mao’s translation is short and anciently beautiful and the one from the 80s is longer and simple in expression. However, neither version accurately expresses the style of the original because none of the translators read Bulgarian; as a result the translated work shows the translator’s writing style rather than the style of the original.
国际学生安全管理研究
Authors: Liu Guoqiang , Wang Hua
Published: March 2024

国际学生管理涉及到国际学生来华之后的教学管理、生活管理、学生事务管理等各个方面，而这些事项的核心是国际学生的安全管理问题。对国内外有关国际学生管理的文献进行分析，发现世界各国对国际学生安全管理的问题高度重视，尤其是借力教育、文化的手段推进文化适应性管理的策略，维护好国际学生安全管理的根脉，进而维护国家安全。本文通过本源、本然、本性和本位的视角提出了国际学生安全管理的风险点，并为高职院校的国际学生安全管理提出了四项管理举措，即不忘本源，健全国际学生安全稳定管理工作体系；不忘本然，坚守文化互信，夯实国际学生安全管理的文化基础；不忘本性，坚定政治立场，坚守国际学生安全管理的政治红线；不忘本位，坚持“以人为本”和“趋同化管理”相统一。
高职院校专业核心课程网络学习平台建设 ——以会展策划与管理专业为例
Authors: Zhang Yourui
Published: March 2024

在高等职业教育中，培养学生自主学习能力是推动其可持续发展的重要保障。而基于专业核心课程建立网络学习平台是培养学生自主学习意识与能力的有效手段，同时也有助于专业教学质量的提升以及课程教学目标的达成。本文将以高职院校会展策划和管理专业为例，基于其当前专业教学方面存在的不足，探讨建构专业核心课程网络学习平台的有效策略。
教学诊改视阈下的教师支持服务思忖
Authors: Wang Jing
Published: March 2024

教学诊改以学生学习成效持续改善为导向，教学支持服务和学习者满意度是教学质量诊改的一个关键考量因素。围绕教学诊改中的“信息采集”“数据分析”“反馈改进”三个环节，从支持服务的意义、数据分析要点及教学评价三个部分进行思忖，以此来促进教学诊改成效，倒逼教学服务质量提升。
Overuse shoulder injuries among competitive male volleyball players in Kuwait
Authors:   , Alnaser Tasneem Basel Al-Zaid
Published: March 2024

Overuse shoulder injuries are common in overhead sports including volleyball. The development of injury prevention programs requires a holistic understanding of the multiple risk factors involved in their occurrence. In addition, performance-driven contexts and other contextual determinants contribute to the complexity of overuse shoulder injuries. To our knowledge, no study investigated overuse shoulder injuries of male competitive volleyball players in Kuwait. Therefore, this thesis aimed to investigate overuse shoulder injuries in a population of male sub-elite volleyball players in Kuwait. This research adopted a pragmatic, mixed methods research design and a revised “Sequence of Prevention” framework that considers context. This involved three studies: 1. one-season prospective cohort study, 2. cross-sectional study, and 3. qualitative study. In line of the first step of the “Sequence of Prevention”, the extent of the overuse shoulder injury problem has been established through the first study which includes: the prevalence of overuse shoulder injuries which was high (39%; 95% CI 37.45% to 40.3%), the incidence of overuse shoulder injuries that were 2.46/1000 hours (95% Cl: 2.1, 2.8), as well as severe impacts on performance (U = 297), pain (U =159), training volume (U = 228), and task difficulty (U = 290.5) (P ≤ 0.001). As v the second step of the “Sequence of Prevention”, the multiple risk factors were investigated via study one (personal and training-related risk factors) and study two (physical risk factors). Although, there were no significant personal or training-related risk factors (RR=0-4%), rotator cuff muscle weakness (IER=10, IIR=13.5, EER=13.6) and glenohumeral range of motion deficiencies (ER=6.4°, IR, U = 149.5) of external rotation and internal rotation were indicated as a significant physical risk factors of overuse shoulder injuries (P ≤ 0.05). In a way to retrieve step one and two of “Sequence of Prevention” model, a qualitative study (study three) was conducted using semi-structured interviews with injured volleyball players. Contextual determinants of injury were perceived at multiple stakeholder levels: individual (e.g., lifestyle), interpersonal (e.g., unsupportive coaches), organizational (e.g., too many games), and at the policymaker level (lack of professionalization). This research is the first which provides an evidence-based, and context-driven understanding of overuse shoulder injuries in a population of male sub-elite volleyball players in Kuwait. Therefore, our data can be used as a reference for many regional countries. Further research with larger sample size and gender variation are needed. The findings are a call to action for translating this research into injury prevention programs that take into consideration the context and levels of the socioecological framework. Guidelines and recommendations may be produced for the different stakeholders to help prevent these injuries in volleyball players.
The efficacy of the load-velocity profile to predict one repetition maximum
Authors:   , Thompson Stephen William
Published: March 2024

Autoregulation is the process of acutely manipulating training variables in response to an individual’s fluctuations in strength and fatigue and is vital for optimising programming. Load-velocity profiles (LVPs) have been proposed as effective flexible programming strategies to optimise resistance training load (kg), often through the daily estimation of one repetition maximum (1RM). This PhD, therefore, adopted a pragmatic, mixed methods research design and followed an applied research model (ARMSS) to devise a series of studies to ascertain a novel, efficient, and valid approach to LVP-based 1RM prediction. Prior to choosing an autoregulatory method, strength and conditioning (S&C) practitioners must first determine an appropriate non-flexible programming strategy. A systematic review of literature revealed percentages of 1RM (% 1RM) as the superior method for increasing maximal strength (study one). After thematic analyses (study two) revealed barriers such as inaccurate 1RM predictions, time-costly protocols, and “iPad coaching” to the implementation of LVPs within practice; common velocity-based technology used by coaches; and the combination of ballistic and non-ballistic exercise when profiling, a new LVP method addressing these factors was devised in a key training, but under-researched exercise, the free-weight back squat. The new approach to LVP-based 1RM prediction developed from this thesis utilised the Gymaware linear-position transducer given its superior reliability and validity (study three); individualised profiling due to stronger load-velocity relationships and large between-participant variability observed (study four); ballistic (jump squat) exercise after larger mechanical output was revealed in 0-60% 1RM when compared to non-ballistic (back squat) (study five); a submaximal point of extrapolation (80% 1RM mean velocity) due to poor within-participant reliability of loads > 85% 1RM (study four); quadratic modelling (study four); and as few as four incremental loads. Results revealed this combination to be an effective method for estimating 1RM and autoregulating daily load for S&C coaches.
Entrevista con Irma Vilà i Òdena
Authors: Vilà Odena Irma
Published: March 2024

Mosaic lanzó su primer número en 2001, ¿recuerdas qué hacías y cuáles eran tus intereses en aquel momento? En 2001, estaba realizando (y también dejando) los estudios de Ciencias Físicas en la Universidad de Barcelona y (empezando) Ingeniería Técnica Multimedia en la Universidad Ramon Llull –¡durante un semestre realicé las dos a la vez! –, y, en 2003, realizaría el trabajo final de carrera. Programé EMO (en el desaparecido lenguaje Lingo de Macromedia Director), un site de un proyecto artístico de Konic Thtr. EMO era un proyecto basado en un programa interactivo que permitía el análisis del estado de ánimo del usuario o usuaria a partir de su uso del ratón y de parámetros de interacción previamente establecidos, y usar esta interacción para afectar a la legibilidad de los textos y palabras en 3D propuestos por el proyecto. El año siguiente, en 2004, cursé el máster en Comisariado y Prácticas Culturales en Arte y Nuevos Medios del MECAD, que me permitió enfocar mi carrera profesional y realizar prácticas en el CCCB, el Centro de Cultura Contemporánea de Barcelona, donde me quedé a trabajar unos años tanto en el departamento de exposiciones como en el de actividades culturales.
Three-dimensional spatial orbital angular momentum holography
Authors: Jia Yi-Cheng , Zhang Fu-Rong , Zhang Jing-Feng , Kong Ling-Jun , Zhang Xiang-Dong ,   Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Published: March 2024

The degree of freedom of orbital angular momentum of light has been used as a new information carrier in optical holographic information processing technology. However, current research on orbital angular momentum holography mainly focuses on two-dimensional orbital angular momentum holography, where the reconstructed two-dimensional holographic image is located in a certain plane in three-dimensional space. How to further implement three-dimensional spatial orbital angular momentum holographic technology and use it to increase the information capacity of holographic communication is still a blank. Here, we implement three-dimensional spatial orbital angular momentum holographic technology based on the degrees of freedom of orbital angular momentum and the positional degrees of freedom of reconstructed two-dimensional images in three-dimensional space. In other words, in the three-dimensional spatial orbital angular momentum holography, the acquisition of the target object image requires not only the correct orbital angular momentum state used for decoding, but also the correct spatial position where the object’s image is detected. In addition, we further investigate the three-dimensional spatial orbit angular momentum holographic multiplexing technology and point out that this multiplexing technology can be used for information encryption. Compared with traditional two-dimensional orbital angular momentum holography, three-dimensional spatial orbital angular momentum holography uses an additional degree of freedom. Therefore, the encryption scheme based on three-dimensional spatial orbital angular momentum holographic technology can further improve the security level of information. Our simulation results and experimental results have verified the feasibility of three-dimensional spatial orbit angular momentum holographic technology and three-dimensional spatial orbit angular momentum holographic encryption technology.
A Remarkable Genetic Shift in a Transmitted/Founder Virus Broadens Antibody Responses Against HIV-1
Authors: Jain Swati , Uritskiy Gherman , Mahalingam Marthandan , Batra Himanshu , Chand Subhash , Trinh Hung V. , Beck Charles , Shin Woong-Hee , AlSalmi Wadad , Kijak Gustavo , Eller Leigh A. , Kim Jerome , Kihara Daisuke , Tovanabutra Sodsai , Ferrari Guido , Robb Merlin L. , Rao Mangala , Rao Venigalla B.
Published: March 2024

A productive HIV-1 infection in humans is often established by transmission and propagation of a single transmitted/founder (T/F) virus, which then evolves into a complex mixture of variants during the lifetime of infection. An effective HIV-1 vaccine should elicit broad immune responses in order to block the entry of diverse T/F viruses. Currently, no such vaccine exists. An in-depth study of escape variants emerging under host immune pressure during very early stages of infection might provide insights into such a HIV-1 vaccine design. Here, in a rare longitudinal study involving HIV-1 infected individuals just days after infection in the absence of antiretroviral therapy, we discovered a remarkable genetic shift that resulted in near complete disappearance of the original T/F virus and appearance of a variant with H173Y mutation in the variable V2 domain of the HIV-1 envelope protein. This coincided with the disappearance of the first wave of strictly H173-specific antibodies and emergence of a second wave of Y173-specific antibodies with increased breadth. Structural analyses indicated conformational dynamism of the envelope protein which likely allowed selection of escape variants with a conformational switch in the V2 domain from an α-helix (H173) to a β-strand (Y173) and induction of broadly reactive antibody responses. This differential breadth due to a single mutational change was also recapitulated in a mouse model. Rationally designed combinatorial libraries containing 54 conformational variants of V2 domain around position 173 further demonstrated increased breadth of antibody responses elicited to diverse HIV-1 envelope proteins. These results offer new insights into designing broadly effective HIV-1 vaccines.
The Evolution of Terrorism in the Digital Age: Investigating the Adaptation of Terrorist Groups to Cyber Technologies for Recruitment, Propaganda, and Cyberattacks
Authors: Adigwe Chinasa Susan , Mayeke Nanyeneke Ravana , Olabanji Samuel Oladiipo , Okunleye Olalekan Jamiu , Joeaneke Princess Chimmy , Olaniyi Oluwaseun Oladeji
Published: March 2024

This paper delves into the critical and evolving challenge posed by terrorist organizations' adaptation to cyber technologies, as the proliferation of these technologies significantly impacts societal and security dynamics globally. The paper highlights the case of ISIS as a prime example, illustrating the group's sophisticated use of cyberspace for purposes ranging from global recruitment to attack planning, thereby demonstrating the complexity and reach of modern cyberterrorism. Aiming to investigate the adaptation of terrorist groups to cyber technologies, the study primarily focuses on methods used for recruitment, propaganda, and execution of cyberattacks. The research employs a quantitative methodology, relying on a survey strategy to gather data, and it significantly engages with consultants and policy specialists in counter-terrorism, alongside cybersecurity experts. The findings reveal a substantial impact of digital platforms on the global reach and influence of terrorist groups, the increasing sophistication of cyberattacks, and the extensive socio-economic repercussions of digital-age terrorism. The study culminates in offering insightful recommendations, urging a multifaceted response integrating technological, social, and international measures. It emphasizes enhancing digital literacy and public awareness to combat the influence of extremist narratives and misinformation. The necessity of international cooperation and intelligence sharing is underscored, highlighting the global nature of the threat and the need for unified standards in regulating digital spaces. Additionally, the paper advocates for stringent regulatory measures and advanced detection technologies to counter the misuse of drones and 3D-printed weapons, pointing to the necessity of collaborative efforts across various sectors to strike a balance between security and innovation.
The Role of ChatGPT in Exploring Science and Its Applications: A Case Study at the “Citizen” Program
Authors: Nepal Tej Kumar
Published: March 2024

From the citizen science perspective, this study investigates the multidimensional function that ChatGPT, an innovative language model developed by OpenAI, plays in the field. Using its capacity to generate text that is incredibly similar to that produced by humans, ChatGPT shows a great deal of promise in enabling and improving a variety of facets of collaborative scientific activities. While the paper does an excellent job of showing the potential uses, it also discusses the limitations and difficulties of implementing ChatGPT into citizen science programs.
Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck.) Influenced by Plant Spacing and Varieties
Authors: Bangoria Urvi V. , Kumari Monu , Patel N. B. , Champaneri Dushyant. D.
Published: March 2024

Optimum plant spacing and availability of suitable high yielding cultivars may help the farmers to achieve more returns per unit area by efficient absorption of nutrients and trapping of solar energy. The effect of growing different varieties at various spacing under south Gujarat condition is not tested. Keeping this in view, the present investigation was planned to study during Rabi, 2019-20 at Vegetable Research Farm, Regional Horticultural Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India. There were nine treatment combinations comprising three levels of plant spacings i.e. S1: 30 cm × 30 cm, S2: 45 cm × 30 cm and S3: 45 cm × 45 cm as well as three varieties i.e. V1: Pusa KTS 1, V2: Palam Samridhi and V3: Ganesh Broccoli in a Randomized Block Design (Factorial) with three replications. The results of the study inferred that, maximum values for growth, yield and quality parameters were observed at wider spacing of 45 cm × 45 cm while maximum yield was obtained from closer spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm. Among the all varieties Palam Samridhi performed best and recorded highest values for growth, yield and quality parameters. Variety Palam Samridhi at closer spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm found best for securing higher yield (13.86 t ha-1) and higher BCR (1.91) ratio of broccoli.
Expression Studies of BmNPV Antiviral Proteins Serine Protease and Lipase in Mulberry Plant
Authors: Lakshmeesha, R  , Nagesha, N  , Natesha, J  , Harish J.
Published: March 2024

Sericulture is a significant agricultural cottage enterprise. The silkworm Bombyx mori L. is used in the commercial manufacture of silk. Silkworms are prone to fungal, bacterial, viral, and protozoan infections. Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) causes grasserie, a viral illness in silkworm that is a severe economic loss to the sericulture business. The current study focuses on the transformation of antiviral genes, serine protease, and lipase into mulberry leaves by agro infiltration. Antiviral proteins from BmNPV were cloned into the plant expression vector pBI121. The plant expression vector pBI121 was effectively transferred into Agro-bacterium cells for mulberry agroinfiltration investigations. PCR amplification and SDS-PAGE analysis validated the gene integration and production of antiviral proteins, which were discovered to be 885 bp of lipase gene with protein size of 29 Kda and 855 bp of serine protease gene with protein size of 24 Kda. Lipase and serine protease antiviral protein genes were cloned into the bacterial expression vector pET32a for bioassay experiments.
Occurrence of Pea Root Rot in Different Regions of Himachal Pradesh and Identification of Pathogen Associated with Disease
Authors: Kaur Khushwinder , Thakur BR. , Dhillon Kulveer Singh , Patel Jaina V
Published: March 2024

Pea root rot has emerged as a significant concern in select cultivation regions of Himachal Pradesh, with varying levels of disease incidence recorded across districts. In this study, disease incidence was quantified, with notable rates documented in Bir, Chougan, and Kukumseri. The widespread presence of pea root rot, underscores the severity of the issue. Previous research has identified Fusarium solani F. sp. pisi as a primary pathogen. The morphological, cultural, and pathogenic evaluations, confirm the involvement of Fusarium solani F. sp. pisi in pea root rot. Economic implications of this disease complex are significant, necessitating comprehensive understanding and management strategies. The methodological approach, including pathogenicity tests using Hoagland's solution, offers insights into disease progression and symptomatology. These findings contribute valuable insights into the biology and management of pea root rot, essential for developing effective disease control strategies in pea cultivation.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Exposure to Camphor & Eucalyptus Essential Oils and Risk of Seizure Disorder in Children: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Nkolo Marie Victoria Eyog , Desire Mbassi, Awah Hubert , Fokunang Estella Tembe , Fokunang Charles Ntungwen
Published: March 2024

Background: Camphor and eucalyptus essential oils contain camphor and eucalyptol respectively which serve as active ingredients in over-the-counter drugs to manage upper respiratory tract infections and pain in children.  However, because of their pro-convulsant properties, seizures constitute a documented complication of their toxicity after ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents and health personnel on the risk of onset of seizures in children exposed to pharmaceutical products containing camphor and/or eucalyptus essential oils.

Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in the Mother and Child Centre of Chantal Biya Foundation, a reference hospital. The survey was conducted using questionnaires directed to health personnel and parents of hospitalized children under 8 years old.

Results: A total of 350 parents out of the 360 encountered were included in the study and 57 health personnel out of the 100 encountered. Parents 337 (96.3%) and health personnel 18 (31.6%) had poor knowledge on the issue. Parents 338 (96.6%) and health personnel 54 (94.75%) had very satisfactory attitude scores. Both parents 319 (91.1%) and health personnel 31 (54.4%) had harmful practices scores.

Conclusion: This study showed that both parents and health personnel had poor knowledge, very satisfactory attitudes and harmful practices towards the risk of onset of seizures in children exposed to pharmaceutical products containing camphor and/or eucalyptus essential oils.
Cupreines and Cupreidines: An Emerging Class of Bifunctional Cinchona Organocatalysts
Authors: Marcelli Tommaso , van Maarseveen Jan H. , Hiemstra Henk
Published: October 2006

In the steadily expanding field of organocatalysis, cinchona alkaloids play a prominent role. Until the late 1990s, bifunctional catalysts based on this scaffold relied exclusively on the C9‐hydroxy group as the hydrogen‐bond donor. Recently, new cinchona catalysts have been developed that feature a phenolic OH group in the C6′ position—a structural feature that allows a diverse set of reactions to be catalyzed in a highly stereoselective fashion. This Minireview describes the scope and modes of action of this new class of asymmetric bifunctional organocatalysts.
Radiological trace of mandibular primary growth center in postnatal human mandibles
Authors: Lee Young Joon , Lee Sang Shin , Park Byoung Geol , Woo Sang Doo , Kim Eun Cheol , Kim Yeon Sook , Lee Suk Keun , Chi Je Geun
Published: October 2006

The mandibular primary growth center (MdPGC) of human fetus was conspicuously defined in the soft X‐ray view of fetal mandibles. As the peripheral adaptive growth of mandible advances during the postnatal period, the MdPGC image became overshadowed by condensed cortical bones in soft X‐ray view. In this study, we traced a sclerotic sequela of MdPGC during the postnatal period. Panoramic radiograms of 200 adults and soft X‐ray views of 30 dried adult mandibles were analyzed by statistical methods. The former clearly showed an MdPGC below the middle portion of apices of canine and first premolar, which was distinguishable from mental foramen, and the latter also showed the MdPGC at the same area as a radiating and condensed radiopaque image, measuring 0.5–1.0 cm in diameter. This MdPGC position was seldom changed in the elderly people, even in the edentulous mandibles. Additionally, in the radiological examination, the benign tumors including odontogenic cysts hardly involved the MdPGC, while the malignant tumors of both primary and metastatic cancer frequently destroyed the MdPGC. Anat Rec Part A, 2006. © 2006 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Expression of VEGF and pleiotrophin in deer antler
Authors: Clark Dawn E. , Lord Eric A. , Suttie James M.
Published: October 2006

Deer antlers represent a unique model of mammalian regeneration in that they cast and fully regenerate every year. The deer antler thus provides a fascinating model of both rapid angiogenesis and chondrogenesis and the opportunity to investigate unique growth regulatory processes. One such phenomenon is the presence of vascularized cartilage in the growing antler tip—unlike other cartilage, which is typically avascular. The mechanisms by which blood vessels grow in the cartilage as well as the factors that drive antler extension at approximately 1 cm a day have been hitherto largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of VEGF and pleiotrophin within the growing antler tip. We isolated cervine VEGF121 and VEGF165 from deer antler and found that mRNA is produced for VEGF in the precartilage and cartilage regions. By in situ hybridization, we examined whether the VEGF receptors Flt‐1 and KDR are present in deer antler and found only KDR mRNA within the endothelial cells of the precartilage region. This finding is compatible with VEGF having an angiogenic effect within antler. Pleiotrophin mRNA was found in the vascular smooth muscle cells of the dermis, thus supporting a possible role in vascular growth. High levels of pleiotrophin mRNA were also detected in the precartilage region with possible implications for both angiogenesis and chondrogenesis. This is the first report of cervine angiogenic growth factors within the growing antler tip. Anat Rec Part: 2006. © 2006 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Asymmetric Baylis–Hillman Reactions Promoted by Chiral Imidazolines
Authors: Xu Junye , Guan Yanyi , Yang Shihui , Ng Yurui , Peh Guangrong , Tan Choon‐Hong
Published: October 2006

The coupling of electrophiles with activated alkenes by using tertiary amines or phosphines is generally known as the Baylis–Hillman reaction. It is a useful and atom‐economical carbon–carbon bond‐forming reaction that generates multifunctionalized products. This reaction is notoriously slow; yields are often low and substrate‐dependent. The asymmetric reaction is still limited especially for unactivated olefins such as acrylates. Imidazolines have been developed as ligands in metal‐catalyzed reactions and have also been used as privileged structures in diversity‐oriented synthesis. A series of novel chiral imidazolines were prepared and used to develop asymmetric Baylis–Hillman reactions. These imidazolines promote the reactions of various aromatic aldehydes with unactivated acrylates. Enantiomeric excesses of up to 60 % and high yields were obtained by using stoichiometric amounts of the promoter. Furthermore, the imidazolines are also suitable promoters for the reactions between aromatic aldehydes and alkyl vinyl ketones. Enantiomeric excesses of up to 78 % and high yields were obtained with 50 mol % of an imidazoline with a chiral methylnaphthyl group. These chiral imidazolines are easily prepared from commercially available amino alcohols and can be easily recovered for reuse without loss of product enantioselectivity.
Over‐expression of Hsp70 in BHK‐21 cells engineered to produce recombinant factor VIII promotes resistance to apoptosis and enhances secretion
Authors: Ishaque Adiba , Thrift John , Murphy John E. , Konstantinov Konstantin
Published: October 2006

Production of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) by recombinant cell lines is limited by its failure to reach or maintain the native conformation in the endoplasmic reticulum. This results in significant cytoplasmic degradation and/or aggregation of the misfolded product. The molecular chaperone Hsp70 was overexpressed in an attempt to increase the recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) secretion. The characteristics of increased Hsp70 expression were investigated by comparing a clone of BHK‐21 cells expressing rFVIII (rBHK‐21host) to a chaperone clone derived by transfection of the host clone with human Hsp70 (rBHK‐21Hsp70) in small‐scale batch cell cultures. To aid this investigation a number of fluorescence based cellular apoptosis assays were developed and optimized. These assays demonstrated sub‐populations of rBHK‐21host cells that were apoptotic in nature and were identified prior to the loss in plasma membrane integrity. Dual staining for intracellular rFVIII and caspase‐3 activation showed a reduction in intracellular rFVIII in rBHK‐21host cells that correlated with a significant increase in active caspase‐3, suggesting that apoptosis was a factor limiting rFVIII secretion. In sharp contrast there was more intracellular rFVIII and less active caspase‐3 in rBHK‐21Hsp70 cell cultures. Moreover when grown in batch culture, rBHK‐21Hsp70 cells released rFVIII of higher specific activity (active FVIII protein/total FVIII protein), suggesting improved product quality. Thus, increased expression of HSP70 led to an increased yield of a secreted recombinant protein by inhibition of apoptosis and promoting proper conformational maturation of rFVIII in sub‐optimal bioreactor conditions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97: 144–155. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Targeted delivery of antibody conjugated liposomal drug carriers to rat myocardial infarction
Authors: Scott Robert C. , Wang Bin , Nallamothu RamaKrishna , Pattillo Christopher B. , Perez‐Liz Georgina , Issekutz Andrew , Valle Luis Del , Wood George C. , Kiani Mohammad F.
Published: October 2006

Immunoliposome (IL) targeting to areas of inflammation after an acute myocardial infarction (MI) could provide the means by which pro‐angiogenic compounds can be selectively targeted to the infarcted region. The adhesion of model drug carriers and ILs coated with an antibody to P‐selectin was quantified in a rat model of MI following left coronary artery ligation. Anti‐P‐selectin coated model drug carriers showed a 140% and 180% increase in adhesion in the border zone of the MI 1 and 4 h post‐MI, respectively. Radiolabeled anti‐P‐selectin ILs injected immediately post‐MI and allowed to circulate 24 h showed an 83% increase in targeting to infarcted myocardium when compared to adjacent non‐infarcted myocardium. Radiolabeled anti‐P‐selectin ILs injected 4 h post‐MI and allowed to circulate for 24 h showed a 92% increase in accumulation in infarcted myocardium when compared to adjacent non‐infarcted myocardium. Targeting to upregulated adhesion molecules on the endothelium provides a promising strategy for selectively delivering compounds to the infarct region of the myocardium using our liposomal‐based drug delivery vehicle. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96:795–802. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Importance of duodenogastric reflux in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Fein M , Maroske J , Fuchs K-H
Published: October 2006

Background

Bile in the oesophagus occurs frequently in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and has been linked to Barrett's metaplasia and cancer. Although duodenogastric reflux is a prerequisite for bile in the oesophagus, little is known about its importance in GORD.

Methods

Some 341 patients with GORD were assessed by simultaneous 24-h gastric and oesophageal bilirubin monitoring. Definitions of increased bilirubin exposure were based on the 95th percentiles in healthy volunteers. The relationship between gastric and oesophageal bilirubin exposure and the correlation with disease severity were analysed.

Results

Of the 341 patients with GORD, 130 (38·1 per cent) had increased gastric and 173 (50·7 per cent) had increased oesophageal bilirubin exposure. Of the 173 patients with bile in the oesophagus, 89 (51·4 per cent) had normal and 84 (48·6 per cent) had increased gastric bilirubin exposure. Of these 84 patients, 75 (89 per cent) had oesophagitis or Barrett's oesophagus (P = 0·003). These effects were mainly related to differences in supine reflux.

Conclusion

Bile in the oesophagus originates from either normal or increased gastric bilirubin exposure. Patients with increased duodenogastric reflux are more likely to have oesophagitis or Barrett's oesophagus. These findings highlight the role of duodenogastric reflux as an additional factor in the pathogenesis of GORD.
Case-orientated approach to the management of hepatocellular adenoma
Authors: van der Windt D J , Kok N F M , Hussain S M , Zondervan P E , Alwayn I P J , de Man R A , IJzermans J N M
Published: October 2006

Background

Treatment of suspected hepatocellular adenoma (HA) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the management of HA at a time when magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are highly sensitive methods for diagnosing HA.

Methods

Between January 2000 and January 2005, data from 48 consecutive women with HA (median age 36 years) were prospectively collected. The protocol for diagnostic work-up consisted of multiphasic MRI or CT. Management was observation if the tumour was smaller than 5 cm and surgical intervention if it was 5 cm or larger.

Results

The median follow-up was 24 (range 3–73) months. Sixteen (33 per cent) patients had invasive procedures because of tumour size 5 cm or larger, malignant characteristics or haemorrhage. The remaining 32 patients (67 per cent) were observed; haemorrhage and malignant degeneration did not occur and none of the lesions showed enlargement after withdrawal of oral contraceptives. Multiple HAs were found in 32 (67 per cent) patients; liver steatosis was significantly more common in these patients than in those with a solitary lesion (59 versus 19 per cent; P = 0·008).

Conclusion

Observation of adenomas smaller than 5 cm is justified because of improved radiological reliability. Resection should be reserved for patients with malignant tumour characteristics or with single lesions 5 cm or larger.