bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Compatibility in the Single Cell of the NiO/LSGM/LSCF
Authors: Noviyanti Atiek Rostika , Agesti Claudia , Deawati Yusi , Syarif Dani Gustaman
Published: November 2020

The compatibility between anode, electrolyte, and cathode in a solid fuel cell determines its performance. Research on the compatibility between fuel cell components is challenging, especially for SOFCs that operate at high temperatures. Therefore, efforts to reduce the operating temperature to become intermediate temperature SOFC (IT-SOFC) are essential to facilitate compatibility between its components. La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) has been recognized as one of the most promising cathode materials for (IT-SOFC) due to its high electronic conductivity and excellent electrical performance. While La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3–δ (LSGM) has a high oxygen ion conductivity at low temperatures, its chemical stability is still not good. LSGM is known to have interface reactivity with other components such as NiO and LSCF in fuel cells. This study looked at the compatibility of NiO/LSGM/LSCF cells prepared by the solid chemical synthesis method. Compatibility evaluation is determined by the Thermal Expansion Coefficient (TEC) parameter using the dilatometric method, Area Specific Resistance (ASR), and TBF area morphology by Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). While the conductivity of the cells is determined by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). NiO/LSGM/LSCF cells have good compatibility with a value of 78.05 kg-1.K.A.s3.µ2 at a temperature of 600°C. The ASR values of cells tend to decrease with increasing temperature and conductivity values at small TEC values. Based on these parameter values, delamination in NiO/LSGM/LSCF cells did not occur.
Comparative Optimization of Cellulase and Laccase Enzymes in Deinking Process of Used Newspapers
Authors: Gea Saharman , Oktari Noni , Andriayani Andriayani , Rahayu Sri , Piliang Averroes F
Published: November 2020

The use of enzymes in the bio-deinking process of newspaper waste has promising potential. However, investigations on the concentration of enzyme combinations need to be carried out to obtain the optimum ratio of cellulase and laccase enzymes for the bio-deinking process of recycled newspapers. The mixture of the two enzymes at various ratios was used to remove the ink on paper pulp from used newspapers by mechanical disintegration method treatment and followed by the bio-deinking process in an incubator shaker. The characterization of functional groups, structures, and thermal properties of bio-deinked pulp paper was carried out by FTIR, XRD, DTG/TGA, and an analysis of the degree of brightness to the prepared paper. FTIR results confirmed three main components of papers, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The XRD results showed that the equal ratio of cellulase and laccase enzymes had an effect on a higher crystallinity index, which was 78.8% compared to those obtained from the conventional methods with a crystallinity index of 69.7%. Thermal analysis showed that the optimum combination of both enzymes contributed the most at the highest temperature where the rate of degradation decreased. Brightness analysis showed that bio-deinking had met the quality requirements for newsprint paper in SNI 7273:2008. Our findings show that the combination of cellulase and laccase enzymes at the same ratio can produce optimal bio-deinked pulp for paper fabrication with excellent characteristics in brightness, thermal, and physical properties.
Effect of Pit and Fissure Sealants on the Prevention of Enamel Demineralization After Exposure to Streptococcus mutans Biofilm: An Vitro Study
Authors: DA SILVA Patrícia da Silva Lopes Pereira
Published: November 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sealants on the prevention of enamel demineralization and on biofilm metabolic activity. Materials and Methods: Cavity preparations were performed on 45 blocks of bovine teeth (4x4x4 mm) randomly assigned to three groups (n=15): RI-Riva Light Cure®/SDI; EM-Embrace™ WetBond™ Pulpdent Corp.®; and CO-Natural Flow/DFL resin (negative control). The sealed blocks were subjected to thermocycling (500 cycles/30 s). Half of the blocks were covered with acidresistant varnish to create a control area (RI, EM, and CO) and an experimental area (RI-EX, EM-EX, and CO-EX). They were subsequently exposed to Streptococcus mutans biofilm for assessment of demineralization by the Knoop microhardness test (50 g/15 s), at 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μm from the interface. In another test, the cylinders of the sealants (4 mmx3 mm) were subjected to the biofilm metabolic activity test. Results: The RI-EX group showed higher microhardness than CO-EX (p<0.05) and less demineralization when compared to RI at all distances. Microbial activity was lower in EM compared to CO, but not statistically significant in relation to RI. Conclusion: Both sealants can inhibit enamel demineralization in the presence of S. mutans biofilm.
Comparative Study of Concordance of Digital Models, Plaster Models, and 3D Printed Filament Models with Clinical Measurements in Children
Authors: ROSIN Hugo Ricardo
Published: November 2020

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate, in pediatric patients, the concordance of intraoral scanner for dental measurements, comparing the measurements obtained clinically with digital models, 3D printed filament models, and conventional plaster models. Materials and Methods: For this study, 31 patients with mixed dentition were selected, with at least the upper central incisors and upper first permanent molars erupted. The dental size measurement obtained with 3Shape Trios Scanner was compared with that obtained clinically with the aid of a digital caliper, as well as the measurements made with plaster models and filament printed models. For data analysis, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was performed and the agreement was categorized according to it. The Bland–Altman analysis was also applied to the data to graphically display the concordance. Results: There was no difference in agreement between measurements made in plaster and filament models compared to the reference method, and for measurements in the digital model, the agreement was low or zero in the molar region. Conclusion: According to the present study, we can conclude that both plaster and filament models presented values that are faithful to those obtained clinically and that the evaluated region affected the agreement with the reference method.
Grow Local Manufacturing along US/Mexico Border Region for an Integrated Supply Chain in the Post–COVID-19 Era
Authors: Li Jianzhi
Published: November 2020

The current coronavirus disease pandemic, plus the strong movement of manufacturing reshoring, provide a unique opportunity for many US regions to grow local manufacturers. This technical note attempts to review the current situation and trend in US manufacturing. We then discuss challenges and necessary steps, such as asset mapping, required to grow local suppliers. Suggestions are then made to support growing local suppliers along the US/Mexico border region.
Improving Youth Mental Health Services Access Using a Single-Session Therapy Approach
Authors: Kachor Maureen , Brothwell Joanne
Published: November 2020

This article describes the implementation and evaluation of a single-session therapy (SST) pilot project in a youth community-based mental health clinic. The intent was to improve access to therapy services in order to reduce wait times, support youth's and their caregivers’ functioning, relieve immediate distress and connect youth to resources while waiting for ongoing therapy. Wait times were reduced by 90 days when SST was implemented following intake. Caregivers reported clinically significant improvement in adolescent well-being at one-month follow-up using the Outcome Rating Scale. Clinicians embraced the implementation of SST as a complementary service to multisession therapy in the clinic setting.
CALICIVIROSE SISTÊMICA: UMA ENFERMIDADE EMERGENTE ASSOCIADA AO CALICIVÍRUS FELINO
Authors: Becker Alice Silveira , Monteiro Francielle Liz , Costa Fernanda Vieira Amorim da , Lima Marcelo De , Fischer Geferson , Hübner Silvia De Oliveira
Published: November 2020

O calicivírus felino está distribuído mundialmente na população de gatos domésticos, estando geralmente associado a um complexo de doenças que afetam o sistema respiratório e cavidade oral, e incluem conjuntivite, rinosinusite, lacrimejamento, ulceração na mucosa oral e gengivite. Embora ainda não descrito no Brasil, nas últimas décadas alguns países têm relatado surtos envolvendo cepas de calicivírus denominadas de Calicivírus Virulento Sistêmico (Virulent Systemic Feline Calicivirus, VS-FCV) causando uma enfermidade nova, denominada de Calicivirose Sistêmica. Tal desordem clínica tem um mecanismo complexo e ainda pouco compreendido, que parece afetar mais gravemente gatos adultos e vacinados, resultando em altas taxas de mortalidade. Neste sentido, tanto a enfermidade como o seu agente etiológico vêm se tornando uma preocupação cada vez maior na medicina veterinária. Esta revisão acerca da Calicivirose Sistêmica aborda as características das cepas virais envolvidas, bem como sinais clínicos, métodos de diagnóstico, e possíveis alternativas de tratamento e prevenção.
Risk of Target Organ Damage in Patients with Masked Hypertension versus Sustained Hypertension: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Yue , Zhang Guoyue , Hu Rong , Du Jianlin
Published: November 2020

Objective: To compare the risk of target organ damage in masked hypertension (MH) and sustained hypertension (SH).

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. A search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library of relevant case-control studies was performed from inception to December 2019, and articles on MH and SH selected according to the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The primary end point was target organ damage in the heart. The secondary end points were target organ damage in the kidneys and blood vessels.

Results: Seventeen studies that met the screening criteria were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the SH group, in the MH group carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and E/A ratio were significantly greater and the prevalence of left ventricular remodeling and the pulse wave velocity were significantly lower. Other indicators in the heart, kidneys, and blood vessels were not statistically different between the two groups. IMT: P=0.01, E/A ratio: P=0.01, prevalence of left ventricular remodeling: P=0.02, pulse wave velocity: P=0.01.

Conclusion: Our study has shown that MH may have almost the same degree of target organ damage as SH, so clinicians may need to consider target organ damage.
Representaciones del no-lugar en Lost in Translation y Somewhere de Sofía Coppola
Authors: Llinás Lamboglia Stefano
Published: November 2020

Teorizando sobre la conceptualización cinematográfica del espacio, este trabajo pone bajo escrutinio dos largometrajes de la directora y guionista estadounidense Sofía Coppola, Lost in Translation (2003) y Somewhere (2010), para analizar las técnicas personales de la representación espacial y cómo éstas ayudan en el planteamiento ideológico y/o moral de la obra. Se relacionará el espacio fílmico con el espacio real, subrayando la diferencia entre la creación metódica del primero —la cual tiene el fin estético de paralelar o contrastar el ánima humana que lo transita— y la inabarcable existencia del segundo —que también resulta indiferente a sus ocupantes—. Tomando el concepto de «no-lugar» ideado por Marc Augé y ampliando su abanico de utilización al traerlo al campo del espacio representado de manera audiovisual, se discute cómo la acepción de este término puede concordar con la construcción del espacio fílmico llevada a cabo por la directora, ejemplificando con escenas y demás aspectos de cada filme en particular. Además, se aplican las ideas antropológicas de Manuel Delgado en la discusión sobre la posible filiación moral del espacio fílmico con la del espacio real, para finalmente adoptar el punto de vista sociológico a partir del trabajo de David Riesman en un intento por establecer la posibilidad de redención o apropiación del espacio por parte de los personajes de cada filme.
Brave new world an update on COVID-19 pandemic – A review
Authors: Gadó K. , Domján Gy. , Nagy Z.Z.
Published: November 2020

Epidemics and pandemics have happened throughout the history of mankind. Before the end of the 20th century, scientific progress successfully eradicated several of the pathogens. While no one has to be afraid of smallpox anymore, there are some new pathogens that have never caused human disease before. Coronaviruses are a family of enveloped RNA viruses. In the 21st century, three of them have caused serious pandemics, including severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2002 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in 2012. In 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has destroyed hundreds of thousands of lives and continues to rage.
The Society’s Perception of Maddoa’ Ceremony in Enrekang South Sulawesi
Authors: Musyarif M. , Shaleh Muh. , Ahdar A. , Nirwana N.
Published: November 2020

Maddoa’ is a traditional ceremony for society after conducting harvest rice in Enrekang South Sulawesi. It is an expression of joy and gratitude towards God Almighty for the success of farming. It has many values in social, cultural and religious lives and provides benefits for people’s life.  This research discusses the process of carrying the traditional ceremony and the perception of society toward Maddoa’ in Kaju Bulo Village, Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi. This research employs qualitative method with anthropology, sociology, and the phenomenology of religious approach. Thus, the data collected through observation, interview, and documentation. The result showed that Maddoa’ is held in the month of Muharram every Friday. It is held with other ceremonies of Mappadendang, Mappasosso, and eating together on the last day. The Maddoa’ gives various perception from society in Kaju Bulo village, Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi. The Maddoa’ contained many values that must be preserved by the next generation. The values were friendship, unity, cooperation, and solidarity.
ENHANCEMENT OF MICROCLIMATE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN POTATO STORE BUILDINGS
Authors: Kalashnikov M. P
Published: November 2020

When storing fruits and vegetables, vital processes (respiration, heat and carbon dioxide) are actively proceeding. These processes lead to loss of production, significantly affect the temperature, humidity and gas composition of the air in the storage. The optimal storage conditions for fruits and vegetables are rather low positive temperatures and rather high humidity with a sufficient oxygen content in the air. Achieving this difficult task is most effectively accomplished by using active ventilation systems in the storage. The article provides a comparative assessment of setting up air exchange by energy-efficient microclimate systems in potato storages. The results of field studies of air conditions during operation of active air distribution systems in a potato storage are presented. Studies have shown that intensive flow ventilation of products close to the supply duct leads to an increase in losses (shrinkage) of vegetables up to 15 %. Since a number of containers with products are adjacent to large supply air holes thus subjected to the most severe blowing, the quality of potatoes is bound to deteriorate. The use in the active ventilation system of a highly efficient regenerative rotary heat exchanger ( E ≥ 85-90 %) and electronically-switched EC fans allows saving heat and electric energy, as well as reducing the mass loss of products by 21-26 % with directional supply of treated air to the inter-container space and containers with products.
Asymptotic stress fields in the vicinity of the crack in perfectly plastic solids under mixed mode loading
Authors: Stepanova L. V
Published: November 2020

In the paper presents the asymptotic stress fields in the vicinity of the crack tip in perfectly plastic Mises materials under mixed mode loading for a full range of the mode mixities. This objective is engendered by the necessity of considering all the values of the mixity parameter for the full range of the mode mixities both for plane strain and plane stress conditions to grasp stress tensor components behaviour in the vicinity of the crack tip as the mixity parameter is changing from 0 to 1. To gain a better understanding of the stress distributions, all values of the mixity parameter within 0.1 were considered and analyzed. The asymptotic solution to the statically determinate problem is obtained using the eigenfunction expansion method. Steady - state stress distributions for the full range of the mode mixities are found. The type of the mixed mode loading is controlled by the mixity parameter changing from zero for pure mode II loading to 1 for pure mode I loading. It is shown that the analytical solution is described by different relations in different sectors, the value of which is changing from 7 sectors to 5 sectors. At loadings close to pure mode II, seven sectors determine the solution whereas six and five sectors define the solution for the mixity parameter higher 0.33 and less than 0.89 and higher 0.89 respectively for plane strain conditions and seven sectors determine the asymptotic solution for the mixity parameter less than 0.39, while five sectors determine the solution for other values of the mixity parameter for plane stress conditions. The number of sectors depends on the mixity parameter. The angular stress distributions are not fully continuous and radial stresses are discontinuous for some values of the mixity parameter. It is interesting to note that the characteristic feature of the asymptotic solution obtained is the presence of a segment of values of the mixity parameter for which the solution does not depend on the mixity parameter (the solution does not depend on the mixity parameter for the mixity parameter from 0.89 to 1 and the solution coincides with the solution for mode I crack in perfect plastic materials for plane strain conditions). Thus, the salient point of the study is that the asymptotic solution is described by the same formulae for all values of the mixity parameter from 0.89 to 1 for plane strain. For plane stress conditions this segment can’t be observed. The solution in each sector corresponds to the certain value of the mixity parameter. The obtained solutions for plane strain and plane stress conditions can be considered as the limit solution for power law hardening materials and creeping power law materials.
Limit states and safety factors under repeated loading
Authors: Chernyavsky O. F , Chernyavsky A. O
Published: November 2020

Verification of the structures operating possibility using numerical modeling beyond the elastic limit requires standardization of safety factors and calculation methods used to get them. In the framework of the discussion on the improvement of the strength standards of the aviation and nuclear industries for structures operating under low-cycle mechanical and reversible dilatation (temperature, hydrogen) external influences, the article discusses the limiting states; the deformation properties of materials necessary for their calculation; safety factors for loads and durability; calculation methods. The article divides limit states of structures under low-cycle actions into two groups: typical, corresponding to a qualitative change in the deformation type, and individual, determined by allowable displacements and cracks for a particular structure. The following types of deformation are considered: inelastic deformation only at the running-in stage (that changes to elastic after the auspicious residual stresses develop and cyclic hardening of the material); alternating flow (that continues with the number of cycles); progressive accumulation of strains and displacements; combined deformation (when both strain span and strain increment are non-zero in a stable cycle). The types of deformation differ in possible consequences for the structure and the initial data for the calculation: mechanical properties of the material required for modeling different types of deformation should be determined by fundamentally different tests. An analysis of individual limit states without taking into account differences in the types of deformation - and thus typical limit states - may be incorrect. The main focus of the article is on typical limit states. The limit states vary depending on the stage of operation at which inelastic cyclic deformation is allowed. Inelastic deformation expands allowable load range, the expansion due to the inelastic deformation at the running-in stage only is usually more significant than additional expansion due to the continuous inelastic deformation; besides, the inelastic deformation only at the running-in stage does not demand analysis of low-cycle fatigue and accumulated strains. Further expansion of the permissible load range, as well as solution of safety problems based on risk assessments, requires a more complete study of the deformation properties of materials at the pre-fracture stage, where cyclic softening predominates.
GAYA KOMUNIKASI KEPIMPINAN PENTADBIR AKADEMIK: SATU KAJIAN GENDER DAN WACANA
Authors: BAKAR KESUMAWATI A.
Published: November 2020

Artikel ini mengkaji wacana 3 pentadbir akademik wanita dalam mempamerkan keindividuan mereka dan membentuk identiti feminin yang bertentangan dengan stereotaip gender dalam konteks wacana mesyuarat pengurusan. Selain daripada memahami gaya komunikasi individu pentadbir wanita, kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk memperlihatkan variasi dalam gaya komunikatif yang wujud dalam satu kumpulan gender dan etnik yang sama, seterusnya mengkaji semula paradigma gender dikotik yang lazim digunakan dalam kajian bahasa dan gender. Data kajian ini diperolehi dari enam interaksi dalam mesyuarat yang telah dirakam tanpa sebarang campur tangan daripada pengkaji. Berpandukan klasifikasi enam fungsi bahasa dalam mesyuarat (Goodale 1987; Barnard 2018), analisis tertumpu kepada kaedah- kaedah yang digunakan oleh tiga pentadbir wanita untuk (1) mencapai matlamat mesyuarat (2) dan mengawal perbincangan dalam mesyuarat. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan beberapa strategi komunikatif yang digunakan oleh subjek kajian ini adalah antitesis bentuk perilaku gender yang mungkin dicetuskan oleh keperluan institusi, kepimpinan serta faktor individualiti.
Raw material composition at Rusal Achinsk and its impact on the production indicators
Authors:   RUSAL ETC (LLC), Saint Petersburg, Russia, Chistyakov D. G. , Golubev V. O. ,   RUSAL ETC (LLC), Saint Petersburg, Russia, Sizyakov V. M. ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Brichkin V. N. ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: November 2020

It is well known that an unstable composition of ore and auxiliary materials creates the need to manage material flows and their composition in order to ensure the required productivity and achieve the desired qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the final products. The above problem was decided to find a solution for through analysis and mathematical processing of the RUSAL Achinsk database containing data on the incoming nepheline ore and limestone. Thus, one could analyze variations in the ore composition and carry out a statistical analysis by calculating the root-mean-square (standard) deviation and the variation coefficient. A digital model of the alumina and soda product production process employed by RUSAL Achinsk was used as the main tool for calculating production indicators as a function of the raw material composition. The model was built by RUSAL ETC on the basis of lumped parameters modelling. It is shown that the chemical composition of the raw materials supplied to RUSAL Achinsk and their variability in the current operating conditions of the Kiya-Shaltyr nepheline mine and Mazoul limestone mine have a significant impact on the alumina and by-product production process and some adjustment of the process flows is required. It was estimated how the output and the consumption of soda-sulfate mixture and potash are likely to change depending on the concentration of Al2O3, K2O, Na2O and SO3 in the feed material. Based on the obtained results, one can identify the most innovative process solutions that would enable to raise the output of by-products while maintaining the output of alumina due to the introduction of appropriate corrective ingredients. In this case, the output of potassium sulfate is expected to rise from 1.22 to 5.78%, and that of soda ash — from 1.27 to 6.5%, which determines a significant increase in profit for these two products. This research study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation under the Grant Agreement No. 18-19-00577 dated 26th April 2018 on fundamental scien tific research and exploratory scientific research.
Phosphate solution wetting of graphite blocks for magnesium electrolysis to enhance their oxidation resistance. Part 1
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Feshchenko R. Yu. , Eremin R. N. ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Erokhina O. O. ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Dydin V. M. ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: November 2020

Graphitized electrodes are broadly used in industry. However, when they are used in high-temperature operating environments, they are subject to oxidation, which can lead to abnormal operation or premature failure of an electrolytic cell. Use of protective coatings or special wetting solutions (melts) help increase the oxidation resistance of a wide assortment of components. It is obvious that a coating that covers an electrode completely will hinder or stop the electric current from flowing at the electrode/electrolyte boundary, which makes this technique inapplicable to anodes for magnesium electrolysis. Aqueous solutions of phosphates are widely used around the world to make materials more resistant to high-temperature oxidation due to the formation of glassy phases during drying. This paper examines the efficiency of using a mixture of zinc and aluminium dihydrophosphates dissolved in an aqueous solution of orthophosphoric acid to enhance the oxidation resistance of the graphite electrode EGP (NR). A comprehensive thermal analysis was carried out to examine the solution for suitability. And X-ray diffractometry helped verify the formation of crystals after the solution had been dried. Cube-shaped specimens with the side length of 50 mm were used in the experiments aimed at identifying optimum graphite wetting and drying conditions. Isopropanol was used as a surfactant to ensure proper wetting. The specimens were first subjected to vacuum degassing for air to be removed from the pores, and then they were soaked in a rarefied solution. A kinetic model was selected to describe the post-wetting drying procedure. The oxidation resistance was analyzed in a dynamic air flow. The experiments were carried out at 700 oC as it is the highest possible temperature for magnesium electrolysis. The results of the experiments showed that the above wetting technique, when applied in a laboratory environment, helped achieve a five-fold increase in the oxidation resistance of the model graphite electrodes. The authors looked at the feasibility of scaling the experiments and developing process circuits to produce graphite with high oxidation resistance.
Process control quality analysis
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Vasilieva N. V. , Fedorova E. R. ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: November 2020

All production processes are controlled by control systems, in which several information flows are generated. However, operators only use a small percent of this information as the processing capacity of a human mind is limited. The paper demonstrates that production process control is to a great extent influenced by human factor. The paper describes a production data processing technique that enables the personnel to make a better use of their resources for operations control. An approach is considered to studying metallurgical processes through analysis of indirect indicators – i.e. the spectral density and autocorrelation function of the key process indicator signals. A method is described to check the efficiency of material flow control systems. The above techniques were applied to a big array of monitoring data collected during a 24-hour smelting operation for copper-nickel sulphide material. Data from three different shifts were used for this analysis. Different operators have different control patterns. The proposed technique, which enables to analyze big arrays of monitoring data, helps minimize the human factor. The adopted experimental data processing technique helps interpret the obtained results for further practical use, development of new control algorithms and optimization of the current control system.
From Henry Bessemer’s invention to comprehensive converter process optimization
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Bazhin V. Yu. , Konovalov G. V. ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Kosovtseva T. R. ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Schenk J. ,   Montanuniversität, Leoben, Austria
Published: November 2020

The Bessemer process enabling to produce high-quality steels was implemented at steel mills of the Urals region more than 200 years ago. At the beginning of the 20th century, the process was modified by scientists from the Mining Institute and was then adopted by copper and nickel alloy producers. The converter process became one of the key processing stages with Russian copper and nickel smelters. This paper examines certain ways to improve the tuyere air flow in a horizontal converter. The authors came up with a generic equation for calculating specific blast air pressure and discuss the use of hydrothermal and aerodynamic techniques for tuyere purging. The blast air limit was determined for a horizontal converter that is characterized with massive melt ejections. The authors demonstrate that, in spite of all the process and design improvements, the modern converter process still has three major drawbacks. They include process cycling, the gas ductwork not being completely tight, unbalanced thermal and chemical status of the vessel leading to excessive thermal and chemical loads on the tuyere zone and incomplete slag formation in zones that are farther from the tuyeres. Research work is ongoing on a novel continuous converter design which involves the use of special-design unsubmerged tuyeres. Such tuyeres produce spatially oriented high-pressure blasts which enable consistent rotation of the molten matte in a tight cylindrical vessel.
InZnON-based Thin Film Transistor for the Development of New Type Photo Detec-tors with a Colloidal Quantum Dots Sensitive Layer
Authors:   he P. S. Nakhimov Black Sea Higher Naval Order of the Red Star School, Sevastopol, 299028, Russian Federation, Cheremisin A.B. , Macegor S.A. ,   he P. S. Nakhimov Black Sea Higher Naval Order of the Red Star School, Sevastopol, 299028, Russian Federation, Puzanov D.M. ,   he P. S. Nakhimov Black Sea Higher Naval Order of the Red Star School, Sevastopol, 299028, Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

Some applications of thin film transistors (TFTs) need the bottom-gate architecture and unpassivated channel backside. In present work, we propose rather simple way to fabricate nitrogen doped InZnO-based TFT by DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique. The moderate nitrogen doping of the channel's semiconductor layer is studied in terms of the reproducibility and stability device's electrical characteristics. When nitrogen concentration in gas mix reaches the upper level of 71 % the best TFT parameters are achieved such as VON = -0.3 V, μ = 12 cm2/Vs, SS = 0.5 V/dec. The TFTs operate in depletion mode exhibiting high turn on/turn off current ratio more than 106. It is shown that the oxidative post-fabrication annealing at 250 °C in pure oxygen and next ageing in dry air for several hours provide highly stable operational characteristics under negative and positive bias stresses despite open channel backside. The prospects of using the thin-film transistor for the new type of photo detectors with a colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) sensitive layer are demonstrated. The solution-cast colloidal-quantum-dots were decorated on the nitrogen doped InZnO layer by spin-coating method. N-type CdSe/ZnS CQDs modified by the ligand (pyridine) are utilized as electron donor to inject electron to the channel layer. Higher photocurrent responsibility about 104 A/W at incident monochromatic light 405 nm is reached for hybrid phototransistor.
Blue-Green Solutions and Everyday Ethicalities: Affordances and Matters of Concern in Augustenborg, Malmö
Authors: Mottaghi Misagh , Kärrholm Mattias , Sternudd Catharina
Published: November 2020

This article aims to understand how the introduction of blue-green solutions affects ethical concerns and expectations of an urban environment. Blue-green solutions are complementary technical solutions, introduced into urban water management, in order to deal with the impact of urbanisation and climate change. These kinds of solutions establish new affordances that have an impact on everyday life in the urban environment. This article describes how blue-green solutions become part of urban settings and how they influence the inhabitant’s perceptions, desires and matters of care concerning these settings. The article examines the interplay between blue-green technologies and the social, material and cultural context in the Augustenborg district in Malmö, Sweden. The study is based on the analysis of free-text answers to a questionnaire aimed to collect information about the interaction between blue-green solutions and everyday life in public spaces. By exploring the inhabitants’ point of view, the article then seeks to recognise the meanings and thoughts entangled with place concerning different types of blue-green solutions. We summarise the main concerns raised by the inhabitants and discuss how the implementation of blue-green solutions relates to the transformation of everyday ethicalities and matters of concern relating to the neighbourhood. We conclude that blue-green infrastructure seems to come with a new kind of sensitivity, as well as with an intensification of concerns, in an existing urban environment. This has important social repercussions, which also makes it important to study the social role and implications of blue-green technologies further.
Dialectical Design Dialogues: Negotiating Ethics in Participatory Planning by Building a Critical Design Atlas
Authors: Roosen Barbara , Huybrechts Liesbeth , Devisch Oswald , Van den Broeck Pieter
Published: November 2020

This article explores ‘dialectical design dialogues’ as an approach to engage with ethics in everyday urban planning contexts. It starts from Paulo Freire’s pedagogical view (1970/2017), in which dialogues imply the establishment of a horizontal relation between professionals and amateurs, in order to understand, question and imagine things in everyday reality, in this case, urban transformations, applied to participatory planning and enriched through David Harvey’s (2000, 2009) dialectical approach. A dialectical approach to design dialogues acknowledges and renegotiates contrasts and convergences of ethical concerns specific to the reality of concrete daily life, rather than artificially presenting daily life as made of consensus or homogeneity. The article analyses an atlas as a tool to facilitate dialectical design dialogues in a case study of a low-density residential neighbourhood in the city of Genk, Belgium. It sees the production of the atlas as a collective endeavour during which planners, authorities and citizens reflect on possible futures starting from a confrontation of competing uses and perspectives of neighbourhood spaces. The article contributes to the state-of-the-art in participatory urban planning in two ways: (1) by reframing the theoretical discussion on ethics by arguing that not only the verbal discourses around designerly atlas techniques but also the techniques themselves can support urban planners in dealing more consciously with ethics (accountability, morality and authorship) throughout urban planning processes, (2) by offering a concrete practice-based example of producing an atlas that supports the participatory articulation and negotiation of dialectical inquiry of ethics through dialogues in a ‘real-time’ urban planning process.
Lack of Participatory Effort: On the Ethics of Communicating Urban Planning
Authors: Sandin Gunnar
Published: November 2020

In all planning processes, including those we label participatory, there are neglected parties. Even when co-produced decisions, equity objectives, or common initiatives are at hand, some actors are likely to be less listened to, or they are never even recognised, hence, ‘perfect’ participation does not exist. Nevertheless, participatory objectives continue to be an important resilience factor in attempts to make—and architectonically shape—new built environments, based as much in concerned parties’ wishes and knowledge of local circumstances, as in the repertoire of traditional professional solutions and political or profit-driven exploitation. This article makes a sample survey on land-use oriented planning and its capacity to include concerned parties, ranging from total neglect of residents to formalised government-steered participation and more spontaneous or insurgent community-driven attempts to communicate a wish. Two basic questions with ethical implications are here raised concerning how planning communication is grounded: Who is invited into dialogue, and what kind of flaws in the establishment of communicational links can be found? These questions are discussed here as examples of ethical dilemmas in planning concerning previously analysed cases in Sweden with an initial reflection also on known cases in India, Germany and Australia. Communicational mechanisms such as ‘dialogic reciprocity’ and ‘successive translational steps’ are especially discussed as areas of possible improvement in participatory practices.
In Vitro Studies of Xylitol and Erythritol Inhibition of Streptococcus Mutans and Streptococcus Sobrinus Growth and Biofilm Production
Authors: Cannon M l , Merchant M , Kabat W , Catherine Le , White K , Unruh B , Ramones A
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate synergy and inhibitory effects of xylitol and erythritol on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus growth and biomass production on a polystyrene plastic surface. Study design; S. mutans and sobrinus strains (American Type Culture Collection reference strains 31341, 35668, 25175, sobrinus 33478) were cultivated in media (Todd Hewitt Broth with 1% sucrose or heart-brain infusion broth with 1% sucrose) at differing concentrations of xylitol or erythritol in microtiter assay plates incubated for 48 hours. Bacterial growth was quantified and measured by optical density using a microplate reader. Experiments assessing synergy and biofilm growth were carried out also using microdilution assays. All four strains were inhibited by 30% (w/v) xylitol, and 15% erythritol at 150mg/ml erythritol, 2/4 strains had reduced growth; at 270mg/ml, 4/4 strains were inhibited. Bactericidal effects were not observed at any polyol concentration. Combinations of both polyols in a checker board array were used to determine if there were any benefits of polyol combinations. Results The combination studies yielded mixed outcomes with indifference in growth for strains 68 and 78, potential additive effect for strain 75 and possible antagonism for strain 41. Assessment of biomass formation and polyol interference were also performed post MIC assessment. Strains 41, 68 and 75 produced significant biomass in the absence of either polyol. Both polyols inhibited biomass formation in a dose-dependent fashion. Strain 75 is a poor biomass producer and could not be assessed for polyol effects in our assay. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate significant polyol influence on the oral Streptococcal strains tested in our laboratory.
Сравнительный анализ систем образования в Российской Федерации и Китайской Народной Республике
Authors: Гаврюшина Екатерина Дмитриевна
Published: November 2020

В статье проводится сравнительный анализ российской и китайской системы образования, выявлены ключевые образовательные проекты и методики, обозначены приоритетные направления развития.
Dream Experiences in Alexithymia
Authors: Rohoza Klaudia , Obrębska Monika
Published: November 2020

Aleksytymia jest zaburzeniem, które w sposób znaczny ogranicza możliwość wglądu we własne stany emocjonalne, tym samym powodując brak identyfikowania i zrozumienia informacji płynących z przeżywanych przez jednostkę emocji. Zaburzenie to obejmuje takie obszary deficytowe, jak: niezdolność do werbalizacji emocji, niezdolność do odróżnienia pobudzenia fizjologicznego od emocji, operacyjny styl myślenia oraz ubóstwo życia wyobrażeniowego. Taki sposób funkcjonowania aleksytymików może mieć istotny wpływ na doświadczanie stresu – badania sugerują, że osoby te przeżywają przedłużony negatywny afekt w obliczu stresu, który prawdopodobnie wynika z nieumiejętności regulacji własnych emocji oraz z dysfunkcjonalnych strategii radzenia sobie. Ze względu na obszary deficytowe występujące u aleksytymików ciekawy wydaje się sposób doświadczania marzeń sennych przez takie osoby, a dokładniej ilość pamiętanych snów, koszmarów sennych, przeżywanych paraliżów sennych oraz świadomych snów. Obecnie literatura dotycząca związków aleksytymii z doświadczeniami sennymi jest stosunkowo skromna; wskazuje się w niej na występowanie istotnych związków tego zaburzenia z ilością koszmarów sennych oraz pamiętanych snów. Badania wykazują również istotne związki pomiędzy podwyższonym poziomem stresu oraz występowaniem koszmarów sennych i paraliżu sennego.
Coping with Stress of (Non)conformist Employees
Authors: Bernacka Ryszarda Ewa
Published: November 2020

W artykule omówiono zagadnienie nonkonformizmu jako osobowościowego potencjału pracowników do zachowań innowacyjnych w kontekście radzenia sobie ze stresem. Polska należy do krajów europejskich z najwyższym procentem zestresowanych pracowników. Destrukcyjny stres może zniszczyć potencjał pracowników w miejscu pracy. Głównym celem badawczym było sprawdzenie, czy pracownicy nonkonformistyczni różnią się od konformistycznych pod względem sposobów radzenia sobie ze stresem. Przeanalizowano wyniki 100 pracowników w wieku 25–48 lat. W badaniach zastosowano Kwestionariusz Twórczego Zachowania (KANH III) oraz Wielowymiarowy Inwentarz do Pomiaru Radzenia Sobie ze Stresem (COPE). Wyniki analiz statystycznych pozwalają na sformułowanie wniosku, że w grupie pracowników zatrudnionych przy taśmie produkcyjnej przeważają konformiści. Nie wystąpiły istotne związki między wymiarem konformizm – nonkonformizm a stylami radzenia sobie z stresem ani istotne różnice w stylach i strategiach radzenia sobie ze stresem między pracownikami konformistycznymi i nonkonformistycznymi. Nonkonformiści tylko w jednej strategii radzenia sobie ze stresem różnili się od konformistów, stosowali strategię przerywania działania.
How Personality Disorder Traits Relate to the Experience of Romantic Love in Prisoners
Authors: Czubak Katarzyna , Gawda Barbara
Published: November 2020

Niniejszy artykuł koncentruje się na analizie związku między cechami zaburzeń osobowości a doświadczaniem romantycznej miłości u więźniów. Na podstawie literatury przedmiotu należy wskazać, że szeroka gama patologii w sferze osobistej i społecznej wynika z patologii miłości. W opracowaniu skoncentrowano się na osobach z cechami zaburzeń osobowości, gdyż przyczyniają się one do wyzwalania wielu problemów społecznych i osobistych. Badaniem objęto 185 więźniów z czterech różnych więzień wykazujących cechy zaburzeń osobowości. Cechy te zostały zmierzone za pomocą Ustrukturyzowanego Wywiadu Klinicznego do Badania Zaburzeń Osobowości z osi II (wydanie 4). Doświadczenie miłości analizowano za pomocą techniki narracyjnej. Analizy regresji wielokrotnej wykazały, w jaki sposób określone cechy zaburzeń osobowości wyjaśniają różne sposoby doświadczania miłości u więźniów. Cechy zaburzeń osobowości na ogół przyczyniają się do zmian w doświadczaniu miłości, czyniąc go zwykle negatywnym, ambiwalentnym lub niejasnym, natomiast pozytywne aspekty miłości są negatywnie powiązane z cechami zaburzeń osobowości. Doświadczanie miłości u więźniów wskazuje na większe poczucie zaprzeczania miłości, wycofania się z jej doświadczania. Cechy zaburzeń osobowości u więźniów wiążą się z odrzuceniem miłości.
Iron deficiency in febrile seizures: a prospective case control study
Authors: Kumar Vasanth N. , Hassan Farogh , Jha Lata , Kumar Abnish , Bandopadhyay Chandreyi , Choudhury Indranil
Published: November 2020

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of iron deficiency in febrile seizures.Methods: Case control study conducted at Pediatric department of Tertiary care hospital. A total 70 cases and 70 controls were included in the study. Consecutive cases and controls were selected. Cases were children of age group 6 months to 5 years with simple febrile seizures and controls were children of same age group with short febrile illness without any seizures. After consent, detailed history was taken and clinical examination were carried out for both groups. Blood investigations were done to diagnose iron deficiency in both cases and controls. Iron deficiency was diagnosed as per WHO criteria haemoglobin <11 g/dl in cases <5 years mean corpuscular volume<70 fl, mean corpuscular haemoglobin <27 pg and serum ferritin<30 microgram/dl.Results: Mean corpuscular volume was less than 70 fl/ml in 51% cases and 31% controls and mean corpuscular hemoglobin was less than 27 pg/ml in 84% cases and 40% of controls indicating statistically significant association of MCV and MCH between cases and controls .Serum ferritin was less than 30 ng/ml in 44% in cases as compared to 26% of controls, there was statistically significant difference between serum ferritin levels in cases and controls. From the above findings, study showed statistically significant association between iron deficiency anaemia and febrile seizures (p value <0.01; OR- 8.05 (3.6-17.93) (df-1).Conclusions: Iron deficiency is a major risk factor for simple febrile seizures in age group of 6 months to 60 months.