bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seed bank formation and removal of Pinus hartwegii (Pinaceae) seeds along an altitudinal gradient in the Cofre de Perote National Park, Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Tejeda Landero Victor Manuel , Sánchez-Velásquez Lázaro Rafael , Viveros-Viveros Héctor , Aparicio-Rentería Armando , Flores-Peredo Rafael
Published: December 2019

Background: Seed banks, an important element in the natural regeneration of plant communities, are regulated mostly by granivores along an altitudinal gradient. Question/Hypothesis: Pinus hartwegii forms transient and probably persistent seed banks along an altitudinal gradient. Seed removal will vary according to the removing agents, the altitude and the season. Species under study/Data description/Mathematical model: The formation of seed banks and the removal of Pinus hartwegii (Pinaceae) seeds along an altitudinal gradient were evaluated in different seasons using a linear model with two factorial variance analyses.  Site and years of study: The study was conducted at the Cofre de Perote National Park, Veracruz, Mexico, over an altitudinal gradient (at 3,400, 3,600, 3,800 and 4,000 m a.s.l.) in July-September 2015 (rainy season), and January-March 2016 (dry season).  Methods: In order to understand seed bank formation and identify the removal agents along an altitudinal gradient, two experiments were conducted with seeds from 10 trees at each altitudinal tier. Results: The results of the first experiment, after one year, demonstrated the formation of transient and probably persistent seed banks along an altitudinal gradient ( P < 0.0001). The results of the second experiment showed significant variations in seed removal according to the removal agents and the seasons ( P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Pinus hartwegii forms transient and probably persistent seed banks along an altitudinal gradient. Seed removal varies according to altitude and season.
Orquídeas silvestres comercializadas en un mercado tradicional de Chiapas, México
Authors: Jiménez-López Derio Antonio , Pérez-García Eduardo Alberto , Martínez-Meléndez Nayely , Solano Rodolfo
Published: December 2019

Antecedentes: La comercialización de orquídeas es una práctica común en los mercados mexicanos, especialmente en regiones de alta biodiversidad.
Preguntas y/o hipótesis: ¿Cuántas especies de orquídeas se vendieron en el mercado de Las Margaritas? ¿De dónde se extrajeron? ¿Su disponibilidad (riqueza) mostró una variación temporal a lo largo de un año? ¿Cuál fue la relación entre la vistosidad de las flores (tamaño) y su precio de venta?
Especies en estudio: Familia Orchidaceae.
Sitio de estudio y fechas: Mercado de Las Margaritas, Chiapas, 2014.
Métodos: Entrevistamos a 15 vendedores del mercado (12 mujeres y tres hombres).  Determinamos todas las especies comercializadas, su lugar de extracción, y analizamos la relación entre la vistosidad de cada flor y su precio de venta, mediante un análisis de correlación.
Resultados: Se registraron 60 orquídeas en venta. Cuatro de éstas, estaban en alguna categoría de riesgo (NOM-059- SEMARNAT-2010): Lycaste skinneri , Laelia superbiens , Cuitlauzina pulchella and Oncidium leucochilum . El período de mayor venta fue de diciembre a enero, mientras que el más bajo fue septiembre y octubre. La mayoría de las orquídeas fueron extraídas de la Región Terrestre Prioritaria El Momón-Montebello. La vistosidad se relacionó con precios de venta más altos ( r = 0,67, p < 0,01).
Conclusiones: Se observó una relación significativa entre la vistosidad de la flor y el precio de venta. La comercialización de orquídeas se realizó durante todo el año; sin embargo, mostró dos picos altos (entre diciembre - enero y  mayo -junio). Por lo tanto, es necesario organizar talleres con los vendedores para discutir la posibilidad de continuar esta actividad bajo un marco legal regulado.
Allocating species in Grime’s strategy space: an alternative to trait-based approaches
Authors: Pedraza Fernando , Martorell Carlos
Published: December 2019

Background:  The three primary-strategy theory proposed by Grime identifies stress and disturbance as key environmental factors leading to the emergence of distinct plant strategies. These are defined by a combination of stress and disturbance tolerance. Plant strategies are usually inferred from sets of traits, but this may lead to circular reasoning and artificial restrictions to species’ distribution in strategy space. 
Question: Can measurements of stress and disturbance tolerance be used to estimate the position of different species relative to each other in Grime’s strategy space?
Data description: Stress, disturbance, and abundances for 50 species at 25 0.5 ha sites.
Study site and dates: Semiarid grassland, Oaxaca, Mexico, 2014.
Methods: Species’ tolerance to stress and disturbance were inferred from abundances, and used to allocate species in Grime’s space. We tested if some attributes of our study species changed over the strategy space according to theoretical expectations.
Results: Most species were allocated towards high disturbance and low stress intensities. Species attributes were in line with the trends expected from their position in the strategy space. 
Discussion: Perhaps because of a long grazing history, most species were tolerant to disturbance. The allocation of species in the strategy space using stress and disturbance measurements seemed correct based on their attributes. Thus, our measurements seem to reflect the basic principles proposed by Grime. Our method provides relative positions in the strategy space, and (as previous work) requires defining somewhat arbitrary limits to such space if we wish to label species as ruderals, competitors or stress-tolerant.
Datataxa: a new script to extract metadata sequence information from GenBank, the Flora of Bajío as a case study
Authors: Ruiz-Sanchez Eduardo , Maya-Lastra Carlos Alonso , Steinmann Victor W. , Zamudio Sergio , Carranza Eleazar , Murillo Rosa María , Rzedowski Jerzy
Published: December 2019

Background : GenBank is a public repository that houses millions of nucleotide sequences. Several software have been developed to extract information stored in GenBank. However, none of them are useful to extract and organize GenBank accession based on metadata. We developed a new script called Datataxa, which works to mine GenBank information. The checklist of the Flora del Bajío y de Regiones Adyacentes (FBRA) was used as a case study to apply our script.
Questions: How many species occurring in the FBRA have records in GenBank? What percentage of those records have been used for phylogenetic, phylogeographic, phylogenomic, barcoding, genetic diversity, and biogeographic studies?
Methods: Datataxa was written in AutoIt Scripting Language in order to facilitate the extraction of information from GenBank. This information was classified in six study categories. A checklist of species published fascicles of FBRA was used as study case to apply our new script, and the previous categories were applied to the FBRA species list.
Results : The script allowed us to search for meta information, like publication titles, for 2,558 species that were included in the FBRA. Of these, 1,575 had a least one record in GenBank. A total of 1,322 species were used in phylogenetic studies, followed by barcoding studies (326) and biogeographic studies (298). Phylogenomic (41), phylogeographic (34), and diversity studies (34) were the least represented.
Conclusions : Datataxa was useful for mining metadata sequence information from GenBank and can be used with any list of species to get the GenBank accessions’ metadata.
Effect of canopy management in the water status of cacao ( Theobroma cacao ) and the microclimate within the crop area
Authors: Jiménez-Pérez Alfredo , Cach-Pérez Manuel J. , Valdez-Hernández Mirna , De la Rosa-Manzano Edilia
Published: December 2019

Background: Cacao is an umbrophile species and therefore the handling of shade by producers can cause a microclimatic modification that influences the physiology of the plant. Questions: Can canopy management influence the microclimate of the crop area and the water content of cacao? Species of study: Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae). Study site: Comalcalco, Tabasco, Mexico; dry and rainy season 2018. Methods: Three sites were selected with an open canopy (OC) and three with a closed canopy (CC), where we determined air temperature and humidity, soil temperature, vapor pressure deficit, photosynthetically active radiation, soil water potential and leaf water potential in 15 cacao trees and the sap flow density in 12 trees, by canopy condition and by season. Results: Higher values of solar radiation, air and soil temperature, vapor pressure deficit and lower relative humidity were recorded under OC compared to CC, in both seasons. Differences in soil water potential between 10 and 60 cm depth in CC were recorded during the dry season. There was a lower sap flow density and daily water use in OC. The leaf water potential was similar between canopy conditions, in both seasons. Conclusions: Changes in canopy coverage significantly modify the microclimate of the crop area, a less stressful environment being generated under closed canopy conditions, influencing the sap flow density of cacao trees.
Demografía y estructura poblacional de Dioon angustifolium (Zamiaceae) en el noreste de México
Authors: Rubio-Méndez Gabriel , Yañez-Espinosa Laura , Salinas-Rodriguez María Magdalena , Hernández-Hernández Karen Abigail , Balderas-González David
Published: December 2019

Antecedentes: Dioon angustifolium es una especie endémica que se distribuye en el extremo
noreste de la Sierra Madre Oriental. Se clasifica como especie en peligro de extinción debido a actividades antrópicas como la extracción ilegal con fines comerciales.
Pregunta: ¿Cuál es el estado actual de la estructura de las poblaciones de Dioon angustifolium en su área de distribución?
Especie en estudio: Dioon angustifolium Miq. (Zamiaceae), especie endémica de la Sierra Madre Oriental en México.
Lugar y años de estudio: El estudio se realizó en tres poblaciones de D. angustifolium en Nuevo León (DA1, DA2) y Tamaulipas (DA3) durante el verano de 2018
Métodos: Se determinó la densidad y estructura poblacional de D. angustifolium mediante transectos de 100 m de largo. Para cada una de las poblaciones analizadas se construyó una tabla de vida estática.
Resultados: La mayor densidad correspondió a la población DA1 y la menor a DA3. Esta última población está dominada por individuos en fase juvenil. Las tablas de vida indican alta tasa de mortalidad en las primeras etapas del establecimiento, lo que provoca que las poblaciones se encuentren en decremento por la falta de reclutamiento de nuevos individuos.
Conclusiones: La extracción de individuos para su comercialización, así como el cambio de uso de suelo disminuyen el tamaño de las poblaciones. De acuerdo con información proporcionada por lugareños, las semillas son utilizadas para elaborar tortillas y atole, sin que se tengan datos de los volúmenes de extracción para poder cuantificar el efecto sobre la dinámica poblacional.
Damage in Cactaceae, their geographic distribution and new evidences
Authors: Bravo-Avilez David , Zavala-Hurtado José Alejandro , Rendón-Aguilar Beatriz
Published: December 2019

Background: Field observations of damage in columnar cacti of central Mexico, and previous evidence in scientific literature, indicated the absence of systematic information about kinds of damage, vectors, and pathogens, in this botanical family.
Questions: How is the knowledge of damage and defense mechanisms in cacti? Is there a pattern in causal agents and their geographical distribution in the Americas?
Methods: A database of 58 taxa by 51 types of damage was developed from literature recorded in ISI Web of Knowledge, Cabdirect, and Google Scholar, and it was analyzed by multivariate methods.
Results: From 1,500 species of Cactaceae, only 58 have been studied through this scope. Subfamily Cactoideae has been the most studied, in particular tribe Echinocereeae (= Pachycereeae columnar cacti). Multivariate analysis grouped cacti according to the kind of damage: biotic, or abiotic. Damage due to biotic factors was sub-grouped depending on the herbivores. Damage by abiotic factors is more frequent in extreme latitudes. Fourteen species of columnar cacti were reported with herbivory and rot damage in Central Mexico, of which eight represent new records of damaged cacti.  
Conclusions: The evidence from field observations, and few recent publications suggest that some generalist herbivores are becoming dangerous in this region, Future research is necessary in order to understand the dynamics of the dispersion of some kinds of damage, the role of human disturbance, and the role and changes in defense mechanisms in wild and domesticated cacti.
Inventario de las plantas vasculares y tipos de vegetación del Santuario El Palmito, Sinaloa, México
Authors: Ávila-González Heriberto , González-Gallegos Jesús Guadalupe , López-Enríquez Irma Lorena , Ruacho-González Lizeth , Rubio-Cardoza Jaciel , Castro-Castro Arturo
Published: December 2019

Antecedentes: El Santuario El Palmito es parte de una de las regiones terrestres prioritarias de México. Destaca por su diversidad de aves y alberga a uno de los bosques mesófilos más norteños en la vertiente del Pacífico. Sin embargo, carece de un inventario sistemático de su flora.
Preguntas: ¿Cuáles son los tipos de vegetación y sus elementos característicos en el Santuario? ¿Cuántas y cuáles familias, géneros y especies de plantas vasculares alberga? ¿Cuáles son las formas biológicas presentes en el área? ¿Existen especies bajo alguna categoría de protección?
Especies de estudio: Plantas vasculares.
Sitio de estudio y años de estudio: Santuario El Palmito, Sinaloa, México; octubre 2017 a octubre 2018.
Métodos: Se realizaron muestreos de la flora cada mes durante un año. Los ejemplares se identificaron con ayuda de literatura especializada, taxónomos especialistas y cotejo con ejemplares de herbario. El inventario se complementó con algunas bases de datos en línea y especímenes de herbario.
Resultados: Se registraron 492 especies, 285 géneros y 103 familias. Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Orchidaceae, Poaceae, Fagaceae y Lamiaceae fueron las familias con mayor riqueza. Se obtuvieron 53 registros nuevos de plantas vasculares para Sinaloa . Las formas biológicas predominantes fueron las hierbas (370 spp.), luego los arbustos (73) y los árboles (60). Por otra parte se registraron 14 especies (2.8 %) en alguna de las categorías de riesgo de la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 y la UICN.
Conclusiones: El alto porcentaje de registros nuevos para la flora sinaloense pone de manifiesto la necesidad de continuar con las exploraciones en la entidad.
Conhecimento das colaboradoras de uma instituição de sobre atendimento odontológico durante a gravidez
Authors: Andrade Wesley Lima , Gonçalves Ana Letícia de Lima , De Lima Gonçalves Ana Letícia , De Andrade Éllen Maria Matos , Nogueira Daniela Nunes , Carvalho Guereth Alexsanderson Oliveira , Dantas Neta Neusa Barros
Published: December 2019

RESUMO: Existem muitas crenças, tabus e mitos sobre o atendimento odontológico na gravidez. OBJETIVO: avaliar o conhecimento das colaboradoras sobre alterações bucais e necessidade de tratamento odontológico durante a gravidez. METODOLOGIA: Tratou-se de um estudo transversal. Foram incluídas na pesquisa mulheres colaboradoras ativas que trabalhavam na instituição de ensino em 2017. Foram excluídas da pesquisa colaboradoras que estivessem ausentes da faculdade na época. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista através de questionário individual composto por questões objetivas que abordavam o conhecimento das colaboradoras, executada por um único avaliador, em seguida foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados, apresentando-os com valores absolutos e porcentagens. RESULTADOS: Participaram da pesquisa 96 colaboradoras (taxa de resposta 88,9%). Verificou-se que apenas 25% responderam corretamente todas as questões. 58,3% responderam que a gravidez causava problemas nos dentes. O problema mais citado foi sensibilidade dentária. Dentre as que responderam que poderia ser realizado algum procedimento, o procedimento mais relatado foi a limpeza dos dentes (91,7%). CONCLUSÃO: É possível as grávidas se submeterem aos tratamentos odontológicos. Ainda são encontradas dificuldades para o atendimento odontológico da gestante.
A new record linkage for assessing infant mortality rates in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Fell Deshayne B. , Park Alison L. , Sprague Ann E. , Islam Nehal , Ray Joel G.
Published: December 2019

Objective

Infant mortality statistics for Canada have routinely omitted Ontario—Canada’s most populous province—as a high proportion of Vital Statistics infant death registrations could not be linked with their corresponding Vital Statistics live birth registrations. We assessed the feasibility of linking an alternative source of live birth information with infant death registrations.

Methods

All infant deaths occurring before 365 days of age registered in Ontario’s Vital Statistics in 2010–2011 were linked with birth records in the Canadian Institute for Health Information’s hospitalization database. Crude birthweight-specific and gestational age-specific infant mortality rates were calculated, and rates examined according to maternal and infant characteristics.

Results

Of 1311 infant death registrations, only 47 (3.6%) could not be linked to a hospital birth record. The overall crude infant mortality rate was 4.7 deaths per 1000 live births (95% CI, 4.4 to 4.9), the same as previously reported for the rest of Canada in 2011. Infant mortality was higher in women < 20 years (5.8 per 1000 live births) and ≥ 40 years (5.9 per 1000 live births), and lowest among those aged 25–29 years (3.9 per 1000 live births). Infant mortality was notably higher in the lowest (5.1 per 1000 live births) residential income quintile than the highest (3.4 per 1000 live births).

Conclusion

Use of birth hospitalization records resulted in near-complete linkage of all Vital Statistics infant death registrations. This approach could enhance the conduct of representative surveillance and research on infant mortality when direct linkage of live birth and infant death registrations is not achievable.
Olurluğu arttırılmış parçacık sürü optimizasyonunda çok amaçlı ve tek amaçlı yaklaşımların kıyaslanması
Authors: HASANOĞLU Mehmet Sinan , DÖLEN Melik
Published: December 2019

Çok
amaçlı ve kısıtlı eniyileme problemleri için Pareto esasına dayalı çok amaçlı
olurluğu arttırılmış parçacık sürü optimizasyonuyla (MOFEPSO) elde edilen
çözümler ile bu problemlerin sabit ağırlıklı doğrusal fonksiyonlarla tek amaca
indirgenen halleri için tek amaçlı eniyileme yaklaşımıyla bulunan çözülmeler
karşılaştırılmıştır. İkisi aşırı kısıtlı olmak üzere toplam üç farklı problem
için gerçekleştirilen karşılaştırmalarda amaç fonksiyonlarına önceden bir
ağırlık verilmeksizin çok amaçlı bir yaklaşımla gerçekleştirilen eniyilemenin
incelenen tüm tek amaçlı kıstaslar için de uygun sonuçlar verebildiği
görülmüştür. Çok amaçlı yaklaşımla amaç fonksiyonlarına sonradan (eniyileme
sonrasında) ağırlık verilebilir ve eniyileme koşusunun tekrarlanmasına gerek
olmadan ağırlıklar değiştirilebilir.
Daha hızlı bölgesel evrişimsel sinir ağları ile köpek davranışlarının tanınması ve takibi
Authors: DANDIL Emre , POLATTİMUR Rukiye
Published: December 2019

Hayvan yüzlerinin, vücut duruşlarının,
davranışlarının ve fiziksel hareketlerinin tespiti ve tanınması son zamanlarda
disiplinlerarası bir alan olarak ön plana çıkmıştır. Bilgisayarlı görü yöntemi
ile hayvanların davranışlarının tespitine, sonraki davranışların öngörülmesine
ve hayvanların evcilleştirilmesine katkı sunabilir. Bu çalışmada, köpeklerin
davranışlarının tespit edilmesi ve sınıflandırılması için derin öğrenmeye
dayalı bir sistem önerilmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle, insanlar ile temastan
kaçınmayan köpeklerin
davranışlarını içeren videolar toplanarak bir veri seti oluşturulmuştur. Elde
edilen videolar üzerinde gerekli analizler yapıldıktan sonra belirlenen
davranışlar videolardan çıkarılarak, daha anlamlı bölümlerden oluşan
özelleştirilmiş bir veri seti geliştirilmiştir. Bu anlamlı video bölümlerinden anahtar çerçeveler seçilerek Daha Hızlı
Bölgesel-Evrişimsel Sinir Ağları (DH B-ESA) ile davranışlar tanınmıştır. Son aşamada ise, köpeğin davranışı tanındıktan sonra, video
üzerinde ilgili davranışlar takipçi ile izlenmiştir. Yapılan deneysel
çalışmalar sonucunda, köpeklerin ağız
açma, dil çıkarma, koklama, kulak dikme, kuyruk sallama ve oyun oynama davranışları incelenmiş ve bu davranışlar
için sırasıyla %94.00, %98.00, %99.33, %99.33, %98.00, %98.67 doğruluk oranı
elde edilmiştir.
Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar ile anahtar çerçeve seçimi ve ilgi bölgelerin
belirlenmesine dayalı önerilen yöntemin, köpeklerin davranışlarını tanımada
başarılı olduğu görülmüştür.
Features of information psychological war in translated fiction
Authors: Bernatskaya Ada Alexandrovna
Published: December 2019

The article raises the question of the involvement of modern foreign fiction, offered to the Russian reader in the translation into Russian, to the phenomenon of information psychological war. The conditions of selection of the material for analysis are the same as in the previous publications of the author based on the material of Russian literature (see the electronic journal “Ecology of language and communicative practice” 2015, no 2; 2016, no 1; 2017, no3,4; 2018, no 1; 2019, no 1). The method of solving the problem is linguoideological analysis for the features/symptoms of information psychological war. The dominant targets are the aggressiveness of the Russian foreign policy; the results of the Second World War; the mentality of the Russian people (traditional laziness, theft, drunkenness, physical and moral incleanliness). A natural question is whether it is necessary to translate and print, and therefore, to popularize the foreign works that form and convey a negative, namely, totally negative image of our country. There is a complete coincidence of the dominant features and the totally negative vector of evaluation in the discursive practices of information psychological war in the studied Russian and translated texts. A paradoxical situation: some modern Russian writers create no less negative image of Russia in its present and historical perspective than foreign authors: the author is ours, a stereotype is the others’
Harmanlanmış Öğrenme Ortamlarında Bilgisayar Cebiri Sistemlerinin Akademik Başarıya Etkisi
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Kemal , İPEK Jale
Published: December 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı, harmanlanmış öğrenme
ortamlarında kullanılan Bilgisayar Cebiri Sistemlerinin (BCS), belirli integral
konusunun öğretiminde öğrencilerin akademik başarıları, kavramsal anlamaları,
işlemsel becerileri ve problem çözme becerileri üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir.
Araştırma için Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknolojileri Eğitimi Bölümü birinci sınıf
öğrencilerinden 43 kişi seçilmiş ve genel matematik konularına yönelik hazır
bulunuşlukları ve matematiğe yönelik tutumları denk seviyede olan 21 ve 22’şer
kişilik iki grup belirlenmiştir. Harmanlanmış öğrenme ortamlarında BCS’nin
etkisini araştırmak amacıyla deney grubuna yapılandırmacı yaklaşım ilkelerine
göre BCS destekli öğretim yapılırken, kontrol grubuna ise sadece yapılandırmacı
yaklaşım ilkelerine göre bir öğretim yapılmıştır. 7 haftalık (28 ders saati)
uygulama sonucunda Belirli İntegral Testi uygulanmış, elde edilen veriler
analiz edilerek yorumlanmıştır. Belirli İntegral Testi ve bu testin alt
boyutlarının değerlendirilmesi sonucu deney grubundaki öğrencilerin kontrol
grubundaki öğrencilerden istatistiksel olarak daha başarılı olduğu tespit
edilmiştir
¿Torres sin alquerías? De nuevo sobre el origen de la torre residencial en al-Andalus
Authors: Castaño Aguilar José Manuel
Published: December 2019

En el debate sobre la desaparición de la residencia aristocrática tardoantigua y su sustitución por otro inmueble distinto a la villa, Manuel Acién introdujo hace algunos años una posible vía representada por un tipo de torre. Estas torres ya aparecían mencionadas en la documentación de época emiral, sin embargo todas las conservadas eran interpretadas de forma genérica como torres de alquería. Inspirado por la metodología aplicada entonces por M. Acién, este trabajo pretende aportar más datos para apoyar aquella propuesta, aunque centrándose en un territorio más acotado, como es el de la actual Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía por corresponderse esencialmente con la antigua provincia Bética romana.
WEB SERVER ON ARDUINO WITH AUTHORIZATION AND GRAPHIC REPRESEN-TATION OF INFORMATION FROM SENSORS
Authors: Myasischev A. , Komarova L. , Gritsky R. , Kulik K.
Published: December 2019

In the work on the basis of Arduino Mega and the W5100 controller, a web server is built for graphical display of remote client data obtained from temperature, pressure, humidity sensors. The server program is written in the Arduino IDE development environment. The Ethernet library for the W5100 has been updated, which for Arduino IDE ver. 1.0.3, 1.0.5-r2 caused the server to hang. The possibility of using the Dygraphs library for graphical visualization of data obtained with sensors is shown. Written scripts for drawing graphics for the projected web server. The data transfer rate from the Arduino web server for various network controllers ENC28J60, W5100, W5500 for the Arduino IDE programming environment and UIPEthernet, Ethernet, Ethernet2 libraries was analyzed. It is shown that with the lowest speed the data is transmitted by the web server with the ENC28J60 controller - 3.3Kb/s, with the largest controller W5500 - 23.4Kbytes/s. It is noted that these servers do not support multithreaded work. Therefore, they can not be used to create miniature universal web servers for processing multiple requests simultaneously. The server considered in the work can serve only one request from one remote client. The speed parameters of data transfer for the server on the ATmega328p microcontroller (Arduino UNO) with the network controller ENC28J60 are analyzed. The server program is implemented in C language in the AVR Studio programming environment. A high data transfer rate of 140Kb/s and a possibility of multithreading are noted. It is established that with simultaneous transmission of three files to different clients, the total transmission speed reaches 120-130Kb/s, and for each client 40-50Kb/s. It is shown that the use of such a server to solve the problem of graphical representation of data from sensors is difficult due to the complexity of transferring software to other microcontrollers and the limited library for working with a microSD card. The operation of the server developed here for three years has shown high reliability of its operation. The paper discusses the creation of a web server on the Arduino, which is a modernized HTTP basic authentication. The upgrade consists in the fact that for authorization a password is used from the list of passwords that is selected by the user on the basis of the key sent by the server. With each new login to the server, the previous password becomes invalid. Presents a practical example of a web server on Arduino Mega, Ethernet controllers: enc28j60 and w5500.
Ismael Nery e Murilo Mendes, criador e criatura reciprocamente
Authors: Barbosa Correia Éverton
Published: December 2019

Tendo sido publicado esparsamente, a primeira vez que um poema de Ismael Nery aparece em livro é na Antologia de poetas brasileiros bissextos contemporâneos (1946), organizada por Manuel Bandeira e de onde será extraído o corpus de análise deste artigo: um poema que já havia sido publicado na revista A ordem e dois inéditos até então. Devido à relação entre os poetas, a escrita muriliana – ora em prosa, ora em verso – se oferece, pelas circunstâncias, como mediadora da compreensão lírica do amigo por meio do poema replicado e do volume Recordações de Ismael Nery, dimensionando simultaneamente a amizade e os conflitos que os imantavam. Para dispor de uma visão contrapontística àqueles significantes verbais, a prosa memorialística de Pedro Nava será acionada por meio de O círio perfeito, porque detalha com precisão o perfil da persona em foco.
Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovaascular events: what are the evidances?
Authors: Yenny Yenny
Published: December 2019

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in the United States, accounting for about 1 in 3 deaths.(1) In view of the healthcare and economic burdens of cardiovascular disease, the public health aim should be the prevention of cardiovascular events through risk factor optimization.
The role of urine albumin creatinine ratio and serum β2 microglobulin as biomarkers of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Eguvbe Augustine Onovuakpo , Nwagu Marcellinus Uchechukwu , Idogun Eshiotseme Sylvester , Akande Adeyinka Abdulrasaq
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUNDChronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing burden on individuals and on the healthcare system. The need to identify more sensitive and specific markers of CKD cannot be overemphasized to facilitate detection and appropriate intervention. β2 microglobulin is one of such markers of CKD. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivities and specificities of serum β2 microglobulin and major biochemical markers of CKD, namely creatinine and urine albumin. METHODSThis was a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 124 subjects with CKD and 124 healthy controls. Participants were categorized in two groups : group 1 the CKD based on persistent reduction in GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and group 2 healthy subjects as controls. Blood (serum) samples of participants were analyzed for serum creatinine and serum β2 microglobulin while their urine samples were analyzed for creatinine and albumin. Urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) was calculated from the results of the analyses. RESULTSThere was a very strong positive correlation of serum β2 microglobulin with serum creatinine (r=0.750; p=0.000) and UACR (r=0.775; p=0.000), respectively. Also, there was a very strong negative correlation between serum β2 microglobulin and eGFR (r=-0.866; p=0.000). UACR had the highest sensitivity and specificity as shown by receiver operating curve characteristics (ROC) analysis. CONCLUSIONIn CKD, UACR and serum β2 microglobulin had the best diagnostic value. Periodic renal assessment of renal patients is mandatory as they may be affected by hidden renal dysfunction.
APPLICATION OF THE PAIRWISE COMPARISON METHOD IN THE DESIGNING OF COMPOSITE FRAMEWORK OF SPACE TELESCOPES
Authors:   LLC Special Development and Technology Bureau «Plastik», Syzran, Russia, Zhidkova O.G.
Published: December 2019

The problem of designing precision large-sized composite framework constructions is considered in the article. The prospects of using composite materials in large-sized supporting constructions of space telescopes are noted. The design task of creating a cylindrical construction of the telescope body of the optoelectronic complex is formulated at the verbal level and in standard form in terms of non-linear mathematical programming. The decomposition of the problem into a number of structural and parametric subtasks is proposed. The ways of solving the difficultly formalized problems of choosing structural solutions are discussed using the example of a composite framework construction of a space telescope. The choice of the concept of the framework telescope power scheme and the directive technology for its manufacture is considered in detail. To make a choice of design options and manufacturing techniques for designing the case, the method of pairwise comparisons from the system analysis was applied, taking into account the heterogeneous requirements for the product. New technical solutions are given: a shell with an external set of reinforcing ribs and the technology of its molding using elastic forming elements, confirmed by patents. Examples of framework structures from composite materials designed and manufactured using the presented methods are shown. The effectiveness of the applied methods in the design of composite framework in conditions of product requirements validity is confirmed by the parameters of the manufactured products.
Hydroxychloroquine and the Prevention of Pregnancy Losses
Authors: Frishman M  , Radin M  , Cecchi I  , Sciascia S  , Schreiber K
Published: December 2019

Pregnancy loss is a common and devastating pregnancy complication. Recurrent early miscarriage (REM) isdefined as two or more consecutive pregnancy losses during the first trimester of pregnancy. It is a distinct entity and in approximately 50% of these patients, the underlying cause is never established. REM can be idiopathic, i.e. of unknown cause, be related to infections, anatomical or chromosomal abnormalities and can also be related to the presence of autoimmune connective tissue diseases or antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an antimalarial immunomodulator and is currently being investigated for its role in the prevention of idiopathic REM and REM related to antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). In this article we review the evidence that exists to date regarding the use of HCQ in the setting of unexplained REM and REM in relation to connective tissue diseases and aPL and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).
Az értékváltás jelensége a magyar nyelvben
Authors: Szabó Martina Katalin
Published: December 2019

Ez a cikk az úgynevezett negatív érzelmi elemek speciális felhasználását, az értékváltás jelenségét tárgyalja. Azok a negatív érzelmi elemek, amelyek önmagukban, kontextuson kívül olyan szemantikai tartalmat mutatnak, amely valamilyen negatív érzelemnek megfelelőnek tekinthető, értékvesztésen vagy ritkábban értékváltáson megy keresztül. Az előbbi kifejezés alatt azt a jelenséget értem, amikor egy negatív elem egy másik szó erősödő módosítójává válik, mint például a brutálisan gyors ’brutálisan gyorsan’. Utóbbi kifejezés alatt azokat az eseteket értem, amikor az elem eredendően negatív tartalma ellenére a beszélő meglepődését vagy pozitív értékítéletét fejezi ki, mint a brutális alaplap „brutális [= rendkívül/meglepően jó] alaplap”-ban. A negatív érzelmi elemek számos nyelven megtalálhatók, és történelmileg is igazolhatók. Mindazonáltal, figyelmen kívül hagyva saját korábbi tanulmányaimat, nagyon kevés cikk tárgyalja ezeket, és főként az értékvesztés jelenségére koncentrálnak. Jelen írás célja ennek a hiánynak a pótlása azáltal, hogy néhány észrevételt tesz közzé a negatív érzelmi elemek értékváltásával kapcsolatban.
Comparison of Imagery Training With Self Talk on the Results of the Accuracy Landing in Paragliding Sports
Authors: Hadi Moh Sholekhul , Doewes Muchsin , Kunta Sapta
Published: December 2019

This research is motivated by psychological problems when the match naturally becomes a work that needs to be addressed so that young athletes have a strong mentality during the competition, the proper method of mental training is expected to have young athletes having a mental steel from an early age. The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of imagery and self talk exercises on the accuracy of landing results in Paragliding.This type of research is an experiment with division into 2 groups. The population in this study were 18 athletes. Sampling technique with total sampling. The data collection technique is by landing accuracy test (Sky tronic). Data analysis techniques using ANNAVA.The results of this study indicate differences in results between the initial test and the final test, as shown in the results table of improvement in the Self Talk method group by 87% no better than the increase in the Imagery method group which has an increase of 96%. It can be concluded that there is a significant effect of mental training on Land Accuracy Results. The Imagery training method gives a better effect than the Self Talk method.
Information Seeking in the Elite PDI Perjuangan about Gibran Election as the Solo Mayor
Authors: Fatmayani Musayyarah , Pawito Drs , Muktiyo Widodo
Published: December 2019

This study aims to express an understanding of how information-seeking patterns among the political elite of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle in Surakarta relate to the issue of the possible nomination of Gibran Rakabuming Raka - son of Indonesian President Joko Widodo as a candidate for Mayor of Surakarta. This research analyzes through social media, especially Facebook, about the relationship between information seeking behavior of the political elite of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI Perjuangan) with certainty about the issues circulating in the community. This research paradigm uses phenomenology with a qualitative approach. The source / participant of this research is the political elite PDI Perjuangan this is because according to the news circulating Gibran will run for office using PDI Perjuangan party vehicles. This study concludes that the pattern of information seeking among the political elite of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI Perjuangan) in Surakarta with information certainty needs. The need for information seeking is growing, making the PDI Perjuangan elite in Surakarta a source of information which then forms information search behavior patterns based on the use of social media, especially Facebook.
Authority of General Election Commission for the Electoral Constitutional Rights
Authors: Nasruddin Nasruddin , Asmara Galang , Cahyowati RR.
Published: December 2019

Indonesia is a country that adopts a democratic system that puts sovereignty in the hands of the people. As a manifestation of people's sovereignty, there is a direct election process, in which the people can determine their choices in electing the House of Representatives, the Regional Representative Council, the Regional People's Representative Council, the President and Vice President, the Governor and Deputy Governor, the Regent and Deputy Regent, as well as the Mayor and Deputy Mayor. The purpose of the study was to analyze the discretionary authority of the National Election Commission as a state institution. Research methods, this type of research is normative research, using a statutory approach, and conceptual. Sources of legal materials use primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. After the legal materials are collected and identified, the analysis of legal materials is carried out using analytical prescrisive methods, namely studying the purpose of the law, the values of justice, the validity of the rule of law, legal concepts, and legal norms. In conclusion, the General Election Commission is a supporting state institution or an auxiliary institution or an independent institution that is of a national, permanent and independent nature which holds elections in Indonesia. The General Election Commission in safeguarding the constitutional rights of voters has the authority to make discretionary decisions on issues if the laws and regulations do not regulate, are incomplete or unclear so that it causes stagnation at some stages, especially in the preparation and determination of the Voter List in the Data Upgrading Stages.
SUPORTE A IDOSAS CUIDADORAS DE FAMILIARES DEPENDENTES
Authors: Gomes Nildete Pereira , Pedreira Larissa Chaves , Gomes Nadirlene Pereira , Menezes Tania Maria de Oliva , Soares Mateus Vieira , Lopes Arianna Oliveira Santana
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: conhecer os suportes para as idosas cuidadoras no cuidado de familiares dependentes. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada entre março e junho de 2017 com seis idosas cuidadoras de pessoas dependentes cadastradas no programa público de atenção domiciliar em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Os dados das entrevistas foram analisados com base na Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: o estudo apontou que as idosas cuidadoras, no processo de cuidar do ente dependente, contam com o suporte de familiares, cuidadores formais, empregadas domésticas, programa de atendimento domiciliar e o atendimento móvel de urgência 24 horas. Conclusão: as idosas cuidadoras, no processo de cuidar do ente dependente, contavam com diversos suportes, os quais minimizavam a sobrecarga do cuidado e possibilitavam-lhes maior qualidade de vida.

Descritores: Cuidadoras. Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente. Enfermagem Domiciliar. Saúde do Idoso. Enfermagem Geriátrica.
EXPERIÊNCIAS DE PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE NO MANEJO DA VIOLÊNCIA INFANTIL
Authors: Santos Leidiene Ferreira , Javaé Ana Carolina Rodrigues de Sousa , Costa Maraína Moreira da , Silva Maitê Da Veiga Feitoza Borges , Mutti Cinta Flôres , Pacheco Leonora Rezende
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: conhecer a experiência de profissionais de saúde da atenção básica no manejo da violência infantil. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, exploratório. Entrevistaram-se profissionais de saúde que atuavam em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas norteadas por questões relacionadas à assistência à criança e à família em risco ou situação de violência. Submeteram-se os depoimentos à Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: identificaram-se várias representações da violência na perspectiva dos entrevistados, as quais deram origem à categoria “Lidando com a violência contra a criança: fatores que comprometem a assistência”. Conclusão: a experiência de profissionais de saúde da atenção básica no manejo da violência infantil experimenta diversas dificuldades na prática, especialmente relacionadas à falta de conhecimento, interferência e participação da família e desarticulação da rede de proteção infantil.

Descritores: Crianças. Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente. Maus-tratos Infantis. Violência. Violência Doméstica. Pessoal de Saúde.
PERCEPÇÕES E EXPERIÊNCIAS DE TRABALHADORES DE ENFERMAGEM SOBRE O CUIDADO AO PACIENTE EM MORTE ENCEFÁLICA
Authors: Cesar Mariana Pellegrini , Camponogara Silviamar , Da Cunha Quezia Boeira , Pinno Camila , Girardon-Perlini Nara Marilene Oliveira , Flores Cintia Lovato
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: conhecer as percepções e experiências dos trabalhadores de enfermagem atuantes em terapia intensiva acerca do cuidado de pacientes com suspeita ou diagnóstico de morte encefálica. Método: pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, de caráter exploratório-descritivo, realizada com 19 profissionais de enfermagem de um Hospital Universitário no interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e questionário sociodemográfico. Resultados: o cuidado com paciente em morte encefálica está permeado por problemáticas relativas ao desgaste emocional e por complexidade. Além disso, destacam-se as dificuldades na abordagem da família do potencial doador, bem como a falta de qualificação e preparo requeridos para o cuidado. Conclusão: o cuidado de enfermagem para com o paciente em morte encefálica está permeado por inúmeras dificuldades e enfrentamentos, resultando na necessidade de qualificação profissional e apoio psicológico para os trabalhadores.

Descritores: Profissionais de Enfermagem. Morte Encefálica. Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos. Cuidados de Enfermagem. Unidades de Terapia Intensiva.
Partidos políticos y movimientos sociales en América Latina (2011-2016)
Authors: Albala Adrián
Published: December 2019

Este trabajo procura contestar a la pregunta acerca de cuáles son las condiciones para el desapego entre movimientos sociales y representación política en América Latina. Mediante el estudio de ocho casos, y recurriendo al método configuracional Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) se elaboran y testean cuatro hipótesis, con lo que se evidencia la relevancia de condiciones como la presencia del Estado y la identificación de las ofertas políticas como condiciones de la autonomización de los movimientos sociales vis-à-vis de los partidos políticos.
acción colectiva en Argentina
Authors: Gamallo Leandro
Published: December 2019

Este artículo presenta una breve historia de la conflictividad social en Argentina del periodo 1989-2017. La evolución de los conflictos sociales se indaga a partir del análisis dinámico de la acción colectiva en su relación con los procesos políticos. Se trabaja en particular con tres de sus dimensiones: los actores contenciosos, las demandas principales que estos enuncian, y las formas de lucha llevadas a cabo. A nivel general, se muestra el proceso hacia la heterogeneidad de la acción colectiva y un impacto creciente de los conflictos en el desarrollo de la política institucional.
Ecosistema y actividad emprendedora en México
Authors: Guerrero Maribel , Santamaría-Velasco Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2019

Este artículo analiza los elementos que componen un ecosistema emprendedor para comprender la vinculación entre el emprendimiento y el desarrollo económico. Se utiliza una metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa, la cual se ha aplicado para la región Centro-Occidente de México. Los resultados revelan los elementos del ecosistema que han incidido en la configuración de una diversidad emprendedora (rural-urbano, tecnológico-no tecnológico, familiar-no familiar) en dicha región, y muestran el impacto de la diversidad emprendedora en el desarrollo económico y social. Con base en esto se presentan las implicaciones para los agentes del ecosistema emprendedor en la región analizada.
Migración y transnacionalismo. Extrañando la tierrita…, de Ana Melissa Pardo Montaño
Authors: Venegas Jorge Arturo Mirabal
Published: December 2019

En los últimos diez años se ha vuelto la mirada para revisar las nociones de la región, los espacios y sus hechos sociales como un cúmulo en cadena, relacionándolos para comprender las implicaciones territoriales y los movimientos poblacionales. El libro de Pardo Montaño sigue este curso, pues acerca la geografía a una metodología interdisciplinaria en la que se asume la necesidad de observar y retomar todo elemento constitutivo del espacio o hecho social. Así, la autora nos coloca ante la emergencia en las ciencias sociales de las discusiones alternas que ayudan a entender la complejidad de todos los aspectos que conforman un hecho social, su contexto y sus estructuras subyacentes.
Mujeres, migración centroamericana y violencia: un diagnóstico para el caso de Puebla, de Almudena Cortés y Josefina Manjarrez (Coords.)
Authors: Tinoco-González Itzel Abril
Published: December 2019

La década de 1990 es el periodo en el que se intensifica y cobra atención un perfil de la presencia migratoria de nacionales de Centroamérica en México diferenciado de otros concurridos, histórica o coyunturalmente, desde la región. Aquel conformado por los flujos de población no documentada en tránsito, preponderantemente oriundos de Guatemala, El Salvador y Honduras, que han tenido como destino el propio país pero que en su mayoría se han dirigido hacia Estados Unidos. Tras casi tres décadas, e incentivados por la precarización socioeconómica y el incremento de la violencia social, dichos desplazamientos se han mantenido y han adquirido notoriedad y visibilidad en los últimos años.