bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and safety of intrinsic antitachycardia pacing
Authors: Onuki Koumei , Nagashima Michio , Fukunaga Masato , Misonou Keigo , Kuroda Maiko , Kono Hiroyuki , Katsuki Tomonori , Kuji Rei , Korai Kengo , Hiroshima Kenichi , Ando Kenji
Published: January 2025

Background

The clinical outcomes of a novel antitachycardia pacing (ATP) algorithm—intrinsic ATP (iATP)—compared to conventional ATP (cATP) have yet to be fully elucidated.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed 128 patients and 1962 ventricular tachycardia (VT) episodes treated with the iATP or the cATP at Kokura Memorial Hospital. Patients were categorized into two groups: the iATP group (23 patients, 182 episodes) and the cATP group (105 patients, 1780 episodes). We evaluated ATP success rates and baseline patient characteristics on a per‐patient basis. Additionally, we extracted VT that were not terminated by a single ATP and compared ATP success rates using propensity score matching.

Results

Per patient; The iATP group exhibited significantly lower creatinine levels (1.18 ± 0.40 mg/dL vs. 1.82 ± 1.61 mg/dL, p = .021) and a shorter follow‐up period (609 ± 323 days vs. 1017 ± 252 days, p < .001) compared to the cATP group. ATP success was observed in 19 patients in the iATP group and 62 patients in the cATP group (82.6% vs. 59%, p = .054). Per episode; there was no significant difference in ATP success rate (91.8% vs. 92.7%, p = .645) or in acceleration rate (1.1% vs. 2.4%, p = .274). However, when limited to episodes in which VT was not terminated by a single ATP and propensity score matching was performed, the iATP showed a higher VT termination rate (84.1% vs. 53.6%, p < .001) and a lower acceleration rate (0% vs. 10.1%, p = .013) than the cATP.

Conclusions

The efficacy and safety of the iATP for VT that was not terminated by the first sequence of ATP was demonstrated.
Effect of probiotic extracellular vesicles and their applications on health and disease
Authors: Wang Guangzhao , Wang Yang , Sheng Kangliang , Wang Yongzhong
Published: January 2025

Probiotics have been established to exert a positive impact on the treatment of various diseases. Indeed, these active microorganisms have garnered significant attention in recent years for their potential to prevent and treat illnesses. Their beneficial effects have been hypothesized to be linked to their released extracellular vesicles. These nanoscale structures, secreted during the growth and metabolism of probiotics, possess favorable biocompatibility and targeting properties, thereby promoting intercellular material transport and signaling. This article aimed to review the bioactive components and functions of these probiotics vesicles, highlighting their role in the treatment of various diseases and discussing their potential future applications. By exploring the mechanisms of probiotic extracellular vesicles in disease development, this review aimed to provide a theoretical reference for further research on their therapeutic potential. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Construction and Characterization of Multi‐Stimuli Responsive Shape Memory Assisted Self‐Healing Thermoplastic Elastomeric Materials Based on TPU/ENR/Fe3O4 Blends
Authors: S Aiswarya , Banerjee Shib Shankar
Published: January 2025

In this work, multi‐stimuli responsive shape memory‐assisted self‐healing thermoplastic elastomeric materials are designed by incorporating Fe3O4 particles in dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomeric materials based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) blends. A thermodynamic perspective is employed to predict the potential distribution of Fe3O4 in the developed blends in which Fe3O4 is selectively distributed in the ENR phase. Interestingly, the Fe3O4‐loaded TPV exhibited multi‐stimuli responsive shape memory‐assisted self‐healing functionality, more specifically in the presence of an alternating magnetic field, infrared light, and heat. The resulting dynamically vulcanized TPU/ENR/Fe3O4 blends demonstrated healing efficiencies of ≈53%, ≈78%, and ≈69% under oven heat, under a magnetic field, and under infrared light exposure, respectively. Thermal image mapping is used to understand the stimulus‐dependent healing mechanisms. The developed Fe3O4 filled dynamically vulcanized TPV also shows excellent shape memory properties with a shape recovery ratio in the range of 88%–90% under the aforementioned conditions. The incorporation of Fe3O4 possibly induces coordination interactions with zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA), used as a coagent during dynamic vulcanization, as evidenced by FTIR and XRD analyses, thereby enhancing the functional properties of the developed TPVs.
The Financial Superiority of Cooperation in Household Entrepreneurship: Insights From the Chinese Household Financial Survey
Authors: Nai Yixiao , Hu Di , Jin Fei , Liu Beichen
Published: January 2025

Teamwork is common in entrepreneurship, yet its impact on households remains underexplored. This study investigates the differences in household entrepreneurship outcomes between cooperative and solo ventures. The findings reveal that cooperative entrepreneurship significantly outperforms solo entrepreneurship in financial terms. Cooperative households, by substituting entrepreneurial resources, boost performance through resource sharing. Furthermore, cooperation enhances productivity in small‐scale ventures and in regions with strong legal frameworks, driving greater entrepreneurial success. Importantly, the primary motivation for household cooperation often lies in overcoming resource constraints. This paper offers innovative insights and practical strategies to address the resource limitations faced by household enterprises.
All‐Polymer Solid Desiccant With High Moisture Capture Capacity and Fast Sorption Kinetics
Authors: Qu Yangxu , Mi Deyi , Guo Mingyu
Published: January 2025

Desiccants play crucial importance in both daily life and industrial production. The development of low‐cost and easy industrial scale production all‐polymer solid desiccants with high water adsorption capacity, low regeneration temperature, and fast sorption kinetics remains great challenges. Herein, we report a novel all‐polymer porous solid desiccant (APPSD) with high moisture capture capacity, low regeneration temperature, and fast sorption kinetics via a new zero‐waste, eco‐friendly, and easily scaled‐up process. The present APPSD could adsorb 0.8 g/g water vapor at 70% relative humidity (RH) within 1.5 h, and 1.9 g/g at 90% RH within 2.0 h at 25°C, exhibiting fast adsorption kinetics. The equilibrium moisture adsorptive capacity is as high as 2.16 g/g at 90% RH and 25°C, much higher than most reported solid polymer desiccants without hygroscopic salts under the same conditions. Amazingly, more than 92% of the absorbed water could be released at 40°C and 20% RH within 30 min, demonstrating extreme low regeneration temperature and high regeneration efficiency. Furthermore, almost no performance decline was observed during a 20‐cycle adsorption–desorption measurement, showing excellent recycling stability.
Public–Private Networks for Green Innovation: Insights From an Energy Sector Supply‐Chain Partnership
Authors: Cambra‐Fierro Jesús J. , López‐Pérez Mª. Eugenia , Pérez Lourdes , Tejada‐Tejada Macarena
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the structure, dynamics, and outcomes of an innovative, sustainable Research & Development (R&D) project within an energy supply network. Using data from the La Graciosa Project, industry experience, media sources, and interviews with key participants, the study highlights how private firms, R&D institutions, and public administrations can effectively collaborate in green innovation initiatives through public–private networks. Key findings emphasize (i) the need for alignment with external conditions, supported by trust and incentives; (ii) the importance of a shared vision to unify diverse objectives; (iii) the value of clear contracts defining stakeholder roles and the role of neutral mediators in resolving conflicts; (iv) the potential for all partners to gain from collaborative efforts, even with varying benefits; (v) the importance of innovative thinking to advance sustainability goals; and (vi) the inclusion consumer, societal and natural well‐being. These insights provide practical guidance for managers to navigate changes in energy supply chains, including shifts in traditional producer–consumer relationships.
Direct Partial Transformation of 2D Antimony Oxybromide to Halide Perovskite Heterostructure for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Yuan Su‐Xian , Su Ke , Zhang Meng‐Ran , Feng You‐Xiang , Li Yu , Zhang Min , Lu Tong‐Bu
Published: January 2025

The photocatalytic activity of lead‐free perovskite heterostructures currently suffers from low efficiency due to the lack of active sites and the inadequate photogenerated carrier separation, the latter of which is hindered by slow charge transfer at the heterostructure interfaces. Herein, a facile strategy is reported for the construction of lead‐free halide‐perovskite‐based heterostructure with swift interfacial charge transfer, achieved through direct partial conversion of 2D antimony oxybromide Sb4O5Br2 to generate Cs3Sb2Br9/Sb4O5Br2 heterostructure. Compared to the traditional electrostatic self‐assembly method, this approach endows the Cs3Sb2Br9/Sb4O5Br2 heterostructure with a tightly interconnected interface through in situ partial conversion, significantly accelerating interfacial charge transfer and thereby enhancing the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers. The cobalt‐doped Cs3Sb2Br9/Sb4O5Br2 heterostructure demonstrates a record‐high electron consumption rate of 840 µmol g−1 h−1 for photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO coupled with H2O oxidation to O2, which is over 74‐ and 16‐fold higher than that of individual Sb4O5Br2 and Cs3Sb2Br9, respectively. This work provides an effective strategy for promoting charge separation in photocatalysts to improve the performance of artificial photosynthesis.
Decoding Dual‐Functionality in N‐doped Defective Carbon: Unveiling Active Sites for Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Bhardwaj Sakshi , Pathak Arupjyoti , Das Sabuj Kanti , Das Prasenjit , Thapa Ranjit , Dey Ramendra Sundar
Published: January 2025

Oxygen electrocatalysis plays a pivotal role in energy conversion and storage technologies. The precise identification of active sites for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for developing an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst. However, this remains a challenging endeavor. Here, it is demonstrated that metal‐free N‐doped defective carbon material derived from triazene derivative exhibits excellent bifunctional activity, achieving a notable ΔE value of 0.72 V. Through comprehensive X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopic analyses, the active sites responsible for oxygen electrocatalysis are elucidated, resolving a long‐standing issue. Specifically, pyridinic‐N sites are crucial for ORR, while graphitic‐N are good for OER. A predictive model utilizing π‐electron descriptors further aids in identifying these sites, with theoretical insights aligning with experimental results. Additionally, in situ ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy provides clarity on reaction intermediates for both reactions. This research paves the way for developing metal‐free, site‐specific electrocatalysts for practical applications in energy technologies.
In Situ Spectroscopic Probing of the Hydroxylamine Pathway of Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction on Iron‐Oxy‐Hydroxide
Authors: Garg Dikshita , Mallick Laxmikanta , Kundu Avinava , Chakraborty Biswarup
Published: January 2025

Crystalline γ‐FeO(OH) dominantly possessing ─OH terminals (𝛾‐FeO(OH)c), polycrystalline γ‐FeO(OH) containing multiple ─O, ─OH, and Fe terminals (𝛾‐FeO(OH)pc), and α‐Fe2O3 majorly containing ─O surface terminals are used as electrocatalysts to study the effect of surface terminals on electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (eNO3RR) selectivity and stabilization of reaction intermediates. Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller analysis and electrochemically determined surface area suggest a high active surface area of 117.79 m2 g−1 (ECSA: 0.211 cm2) for 𝛾‐FeO(OH)c maximizing the surface accessibility for nitrate adsorption and exhibiting selective eNO3RR to NH3 at pH 7 with a yield rate 18.326 mg h−1 cm−2, >85% Faradaic efficiency (FE), and at least nine‐times catalyst‐recyclability. 15N‐ and D‐labeling combined with in situ IR and Raman studies validate the adsorption of nitrate ions on the ─OH terminals of 𝛾‐FeO(OH)c and the generation of nitrite and hydroxyl amine as eNO3RR intermediates. A kinetic isotope effect (KIE) value of 2.1 indicates H2O as the proton source and proton‐coupled electron transfer as the rate‐limiting step. The rotating‐ring disk electrochemical (RRDE) study and subsequent Koutecký‐Levich analysis reveal the electron‐transfer rate constant (k) for the 2e‐ reduction of nitrate to nitrite is 5.7 × 10−6 cm s−1. This study provides direct evidence of the hydroxyl amine formation as the dominant pathway of eNO3RR on γ‐FeO(OH).
Editors' Introduction to Lyn Lofland's Intellectual Legacy
Authors: Francis Ara , Silva Eric O.
Published: January 2025

In this editors' introduction to the special issue honoring the work of Lyn Lofland, we familiarize the reader with Lofland's scholarship and outline the themes taken up by this project. We argue that because Lofland's scholarship exemplifies a particular tradition within late 20th‐century American symbolic interaction, it serves as a model for those of us working in the same vein, while also offering a steelman case against which we can consider the downsides of our tradition. Thus, this special issue allows us to consider how we, as contemporary scholars, attend to tensions in our work related to the nature of social structure and social process, generalization, and the politics of knowledge.
Human Formation in the Age of Automation
Authors: Adamson Christopher
Published: January 2025

This chapter responds to the recent crisis surrounding developments in large language models (LLMs) and generative AI with a relational view of education informed by the emerging world‐centered approach to education and a synthesis of personalist character formation with feminist care ethics. It proposes that the instinct to manage student use of generative AI with carceral practices, characterized by surveillance and control, undermines the project of forming students as whole persons who can evaluate and use or reject emerging technologies in a mature way. The chapter concludes with practical suggestions for the classroom that can be aligned with institutional strategic plans.
Temporal comparison of radiological and functional outcomes in calcaneal fracture surgery with and without iliac crest graft application: Mid- to long-term results
Authors: Polat Enes , Afacan Muhammed Yusuf , Karaismailoglu Bedri , Botanlioglu Huseyin , Seker Ali
Published: January 2025

Background

The standard approach for addressing intra-articular calcaneal fractures involves open reduction with plate and screw fixation, with ongoing discourse regarding the application of grafts to address bone gaps. The aim of this study is the temporal comparison of the radiological and functional outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for intra-articular calcaneal fractures, with a specific focus on the use of bone grafts.

Methods

Thirty patients, comprising 13 with iliac grafts and 17 without, were enrolled in the study. Preoperative and postoperative assessments included Gissane and Böhler angles, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle hindfoot scale, and Kellgreen-Lawrance subtalar arthrosis stages. The average follow-up period was 6.7 years, ranging from a minimum of 3.5 to a maximum of 10 years.

Results

The Böhler angle exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.001), while the Gissane angle did not show significant changes in the early postoperative period across the entire study group (p = 0.1). Graft-treated patients demonstrated a significantly higher Böhler angle in the early and late postoperative periods compared to preoperative values (p = 0.04, p = 0.05). Similarly, patients without grafts exhibited a significantly higher Böhler angle in the early and late postoperative periods compared to preoperative values (p = 0.004, p = 0.002). No significant differences were observed between periods in Gissane measurements (p = 0.3), VAS scores, AOFAS scores, and the development of subtalar arthrosis in both grafted and non-grafted patients.

Conclusions

Evaluation of patients with calcaneal fractures, both with and without grafts, was conducted using Böhler and Gissane angles, VAS scores, AOFAS scores, and the development of fracture union and subtalar arthrosis, assessing preoperative, early, and late postoperative periods. No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of clinical and radiological outcomes during mid-to long-term follow-up.

Level of evidence

A retrospective cohort study.
Energie und Verletzungspotenzial von gezielt aus einem Fahrzeug abgeworfenen Steinen nach Durchschlag durch eine Pkw-Windschutzscheibe
Authors: Münnich G. , Graw M. , Adamec J.
Published: January 2025

Wir berichten aus Anlass eines Strafverfahrens über Versuche und deren biomechanische Bewertung hinsichtlich des möglichen Verletzungspotenzials von Steinen, welche vorsätzlich im Begegnungsverkehr auf entgegenkommende Fahrzeuge geworfen werden und nach Durchschlag der Windschutzscheibe Personen im Fahrzeuginneren treffen können. Durch Versuche im Realmaßstab konnten konkrete Werte für mögliche verbleibende kinetische Energien der etwa pflaumengroßen, bis zu 100 g schweren Steine nach Windschutzscheibendurchschlag gewonnen werden. Es zeigte sich bei den vorliegenden Gegebenheiten, dass die Restenergie des Steins im Fahrzeuginnenraum im ungünstigen Fall noch so hoch sein kann, dass Schädelfrakturen und entsprechende interkraniale Verletzungen entstehen können.
Poly ADP‐ribosylation regulates Arc expression and promotes adaptive stress-coping
Authors: Dahan Eliyahu , Pergamenshik Leah , Taub Tze’ela , Vovk Arthur , Manier Jade , Avneri Raphael , Lax Elad
Published: January 2025

Rationale

Rapid adaptation to stressful events is essential for survival and requires acute stress response and stress-coping strategy. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern this coping strategy have yet to be fully discovered.

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the effects of poly ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) on stress-coping strategies following acute stress and to identify the target genes influenced by Parp1-induced histone PARylation.

Methods

Mice were subjected to a forced swim test, a well-established acute stress paradigm, to evaluate cortical PARylation and assess the expression of activity-dependent genes. The pharmacological inhibition of Parp1 was conducted using ABT888 (Veliparib) to determine its effects on stress-coping behavior and related molecular changes.

Results

The forced swim test increased cortical PARylation and upregulated the expression of activity-dependent genes. Systemic inhibition of Parp1 with ABT888 led to impaired stress-coping behavior, evidenced by a reduced immobility response during a subsequent forced swim test done 24 hours later. This impairment was associated with decreased chromatin PARylation and histone H4 acetylation at the Arc promoter and reduced Arc expression observed one hour after Parp1 inhibition.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that chromatin PARylation at the Arc promoters regulates histone H4 acetylation and Arc gene expression, and a subsequent impact on successful stress-coping behavior in response to acute stress.
A Novel Application of In Situ Block Size Distribution and Shape Classification in Dimension Stone Quarries
Authors: Taboni Battista , Ferrero Anna Maria , Umili Gessica
Published: January 2025

The connection between rock mechanics and the world of mines and quarries is evident, as most primary resources needed by industry are concentrated in mineral deposits, often in rock masses. This can be seen at all levels, from the design phase to running the extraction process and providing protection to workers. Equally important is the optimization of the process, to enhance cost-effectiveness and reduce impact on the environment. A rock mass is characterized by blocks identified by discontinuities. It is, thus, useful to exploit the fragmented nature of the rock mass to optimize the excavation process. In the case of dimension stone quarries, the role of rock mechanics is even more evident as the precise and accurate knowledge of the features of the target rock mass is a fundamental requirement. The assessment of the block size distribution influences the feasibility of the operation and allows to identify a suitable and advantageous size for the extraction process. The orientation of the joints directly impacts the direction of excavation and the geometry of the fronts in terms of stability and productivity. The present work focuses on assessing the geometrical properties of a rock mass, namely block size and shape, aimed at optimizing the design and extraction process of a dimension stone quarry. For this purpose, a novel application of the In situ Block Size Distribution (IBSD) and shape distribution approach to dimension stones quarries is discussed. A robust statistical analysis of the rock mass geometric properties is coupled with the IBSD approach to block size and a new shape classification system. A set of synthetic data will then be employed to present a general case study, while a suitable case study is presented, describing the context of a real marble quarry (Lorgino quarry, Crevoladossola, Piemonte, Northern Italy) where the discussed approach could yield positive results.
A method for mimicking tumour tissue in brain ex-vivo ultrasound for research application and clinical training
Authors: Weld Alistair , Dixon Luke , Anichini Giulio , Faoro Giovanni , Menciassi Arianna , Camp Sophie , Giannarou Stamatia
Published: January 2025

Background

Intraoperative ultrasound is becoming a common tool in neurosurgery. However, effective simulation methods are limited. Current, commercial, and homemade phantoms lack replication of anatomical correctness and texture complexity of brain and tumour tissue in ultrasound images.

Methods

We utilise ex-vivo brain tissue, as opposed to synthetic materials, to achieve realistic echogenic complexity and anatomical correctness. Agar, at 10–20% concentrate, is injected into brain tissue to simulate the tumour mass. A commercially available phantom was purchased for benchmarking.

Results

Qualitative analysis is performed by experienced professionals, measuring the impact of the addition of agar and comparing it to the commercial phantom. Overall, the use of ex vivo tissue was deemed more accurate and representative, compared to the synthetic materials-based phantom, as it provided good visualisation of real brain anatomy and good contrast within tissue. The agar tumour correctly produced a region of higher echogenicity with slight diffusion along the margin and expected interaction with the neighbouring anatomy.

Conclusion

The proposed method for creating tumour-mimicking tissue in brain tissue is inexpensive, accurate, and simple. Beneficial for both the trainee clinician and the researcher. A total of 576 annotated images are made publicly available upon request.
The incidence of vascular injuries in patients with negative cervical computed tomography (CT) following blunt trauma
Authors: Aslan Assala , Eskew Joseph , Zaheri Spencer , Arceneaux Ridge , Field Elizabeth , Thibodeaux Elise , Roque Morgan , De Alba Luis , Arevalo Octavio , Cuellar Hugo
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Computed tomography (CT) angiography is commonly utilized to quickly identify vascular injuries caused by blunt cervical trauma. It is often conducted alongside a cervical spine CT, based on established criteria. This study assessed the prevalence of cervical vascular injuries identified via CT angiography (CTA) in patients who had negative findings on cervical CT scans.

Materials and methods

A retrospective study was performed on patients who experienced blunt trauma from January 2020 to December 2022 and underwent both cervical CT and CTA. The sample size was determined using the formula: n = (Z^2 * P * (1 - P)) / E^2, assuming a 99% confidence interval, a 2% margin of error, and a proportion of 0.05.

Results

A total of 1,165 patients presented with acute blunt trauma to the head and neck during the study period. Out of those, 800 patients (68.7%) had negative cervical CT scans and only 5 patients (0.6%) were found to have vascular injuries on CTA, with an average age of 44.2 years. Regarding the severity of the injuries, three were classified as grade I and two as grade II. On the other hand, of the 365 patients with positive cervical CT, 44 patients (12%) had vascular injury on CTA, including 16 patients (4.5%) with grades III and IV injuries.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that CTA in patients with negative cervical CT scans seldom reveals vascular injuries, with no injuries exceeding grade II. This highlights the selective utility of CTA in this patient group.
Health-related quality of life following cranioplasty: a cross-sectional cohort study – Cranio-PRO
Authors: Mustafa Mohammad A. , Millward Christopher P. , Gillespie Conor S. , Richardson George E. , Clynch Abigail L. , Keshwara Sumirat M. , Doherty John , Humphries Thomas , Islim Abdurrahman I. , Duncan Christian , McMahon Catherine J. , Brodbelt Andrew R. , Jenkinson Michael D. , Sinha Ajay
Published: January 2025

Cranioplasty is an operation that aims to repair a defect in the skull. Indications commonly include Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), tumours, and infections. It carries a high rate of postoperative morbidity. Due to underlying pathology and the nature of the operation patients’ Health-related Quality of life (QoL) can be severely affected. Patient reported outcomes (PROs) are poorly understood following cranioplasty. To investigate PROs following cranioplasty a cross-sectional cohort study of adults undergoing cranioplasty between 01/03/2010–30/08/2020 was conducted. If consent was provided, participants were sent five health reporting questionnaires: a study specific questionnaire, EuroQoL – 5D – 5L (EQ-5D-5L), RAND Short-Form 36 (SF-36), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Derriford Appearance Scale (DAS-24). 239 eligible patients were contacted and 72 (30.8%) participated. Median [Range] age was 52.5 [23 – 95] of which 59.7% (n= 43) were male. 16.9% (n = 12) were categorised with borderline and 29.0% (n = 20) with extreme depression, 15.9% (n = 11) reported borderline and 35.2% (n = 25) extreme anxiety. 69.1% (n = 47) had problems with usual activities and 71.6% (n = 49) suffered from pain/discomfort. Median (Range) EQ-5D-5L visual analogue scale score for overall health was 70.0 (5–100). 76.0% (n = 53) reported feeling conscious or having negative feelings towards their appearance. When compared to normative UK population, physical functioning, overall health, and energy/fatigue were the most affected. After cranioplasty, patients may have reduced HRQoL. Signposting and referral to well-being services could benefit patients’ care. Adequately powered longitudinal studies are required to further elucidate change in PROs following cranioplasty.
Playing with robots in a nursery: a sociomaterial focus on interaction and learning
Authors: Rossini Gisella , Manzi Federico , Di Dio Cinzia , Iannaccone Antonio , Marchetti Antonella , Massaro Davide
Published: January 2025

In the field of educational robotics, it is important to understand the processes trough which child-robot interactions are established during play activities. In terms of socio-material characteristics, robots can vary widely, from more mechanical robots to more anthropomorphic ones. Research has shown that the degree of anthropomorphization of the robot has an impact on how children perceive and interact with the robot. The role of the socio-material characteristics is still poorly explore in the 18–36-month age group. The aim of the study was to investigate how the presence of two robots, which differed in their socio-material characteristic of anthropomorphization, shapes both the individual and group play activities of 25 children aged 18–36 months. The children were observed during free group play sessions in which they had access to two types of robots: Idol, with more human-like features, and Pixy, a more mechanical robot with minimal anthropomorphism. Observations made through video recordings were transcribed. Qualitative analysis was conducted, and six units of analysis of children’s interaction with robots were identified. The main finding from our study is that children as early as 18 months are sensitive to the socio-material characteristics of the robotic artefact, influencing the way they interact with the robot and with each other. Notably, children displayed more imitation behaviors and social interactions with Idol, the more anthropomorphic robot, while Pixy, the mechanical robot, was primarily explored for its mechanical features. From an educational point of view, we highlight the importance of the construction of the learning environment and the choice of materials to propose to the children in play; the robot could be used to reinforce symbolic play, imitation, and to support group interaction.
Factors influencing the use of digital technologies in primary mathematics teaching: Voices from Chinese educators
Authors: Li Mao , Vale Colleen , Tan Hazel , Blannin Jo
Published: January 2025

This study examines the multifaceted aspects of using digital technology in Chinese primary mathematics education through qualitative analysis. Participants included eight primary mathematics teachers and five vice-principals from four primary schools in Chongqing. Through in-depth interviews with these teachers and leaders, the research uncovers a complex interplay of internal and external influences on technology use. These influences range from individual attitudes and teachers' pedagogical beliefs to systemic factors like infrastructure and resource access. Based on these findings, the study proposes the Technological Pedagogical Readiness framework (TPR), which encapsulates the intricate interplay of these factors. The framework advocates for a balanced consideration of internal influences, such as Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) and attitudes towards technology integration, and external influences, including educational environment, teacher professional development, educational challenges, students’ technology literacy and parental and community involvement. This framework, developed from the analysis, represents an initial step towards a more comprehensive model for using digital technology in education. It informs theoretical discussions and practical applications, providing a foundation for future curriculum development, teacher training initiatives, and policy considerations. The study's approach to proposing this framework reflects its developmental nature and underscores the need for further empirical validation. This research aims to inspire continued exploration into practical strategies for enhancing mathematics teaching and learning in the digital era by contributing a novel perspective to the ongoing dialogue on digital technology in education.
Leveraging entrepreneurial identity and technology: legitimacy of art securitization platforms
Authors: Liu Jiaxin , Lee Boram , Rentschler Ruth
Published: January 2025

The paper investigates how online platforms achieve legitimacy in the context of art securitization. Art securitization platforms are new ventures in the art market that leverage blockchain technology to enable fractional ownership of art, thereby increasing liquidity and accessibility for online investors. While traditional art market intermediaries, such as auction houses Sotheby’s and Christie’s, face legitimacy challenges like price-fixing issues, new intermediaries, such as art securitization platforms, require legitimacy with investors in order to secure a primary source of stability and survival in the art market. This study investigates how four leading art securitization platforms, Maecenas, Masterworks, Otis, and Artory achieve legitimacy with investors in the art market. We analyze both the art securitization platforms’ 6306 social media posts to decode their legitimacy-achieving approaches and draw on the positivity of 2510 post comments to measure how their legitimacy is perceived by investors. Our findings suggest that highlighting technological distinctiveness and entrepreneurial identity aids art platforms in achieving legitimacy, despite raising concerns among conservative investors. Positive legitimacy judgements are also awarded by investors to platforms that conform to stakeholders’ expected levels of return, transparency, and security.
Lilobot: A Cognitive Conversational Agent to Train Counsellors at Children’s Helplines
Authors: Grundmann Sharon , Al Owayyed Mohammed , Bruijnes Merijn , Vroonhof Ellen , Brinkman Willem-Paul
Published: January 2025

To equip new counsellors at a Dutch child helpline with the needed counselling skills, the helpline uses role-playing, a form of learning through simulation in which one counsellor-in-training portrays a child seeking help and the other portrays a counsellor. However, this process is time-intensive and logistically challenging-issues that a conversational agent could help address. In this paper, we propose an initial design for a computer agent that acts as a child help-seeker to be used in a role-play setting. Our agent, Lilobot, is based on a Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) model to simulate the reasoning process of a child who is being bullied at school. Through interaction with Lilobot, counsellors-in-training can practise the Five Phase Model, a conversation strategy that underpins the helpline’s counselling principle of keeping conversations child-centred. We compared a training session with Lilobot to a text-based training, inviting experienced counsellors from the Dutch child helpline to participate in both sessions. We conducted pre- and post-measurement comparisons for both training sessions. Contrary to our expectations, the results show a decrease in counselling self-efficacy at post-measurement, particularly in Lilobot’s condition. Still, the counsellors’ qualitative feedback indicated that, with further development and refinements, they believed Lilobot could potentially serve as a useful supplementary tool for training new helpline counsellors. Our work also highlights three future research directions for training simulators in this domain: integrating emotions into the model, providing guided feedback to the counsellor, and incorporating Large Language Models (LLMs) into the conversations.
LCN2 blockade mitigating metabolic dysregulation and redefining appetite control in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ernesto Cifuentes-Mendiola Saúl , Laura Sólis-Suarez Diana , Obed Pérez-Martínez Isaac , David Andrade-González Rey , Eloy García-Gama Jahaziel , Lilia García-Hernández Ana
Published: January 2025

LCN2 has an osteokine important for appetite regulation; in type 2 diabetes (T2D) it is not known whether appetite regulation mediated by LCN2 in the brain is altered. In this work, we focus on exploring the role of blocking LCN2 in metabolic health and appetite regulation within the central nervous system of mice with T2D. Material and methods: 4-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were used, divided into four experimental groups: intact, T2D, TD2/anti-LCN2, and T2D/IgG as isotype control. T2D was induced by low doses of streptozotocin and a high-carbohydrate diet. LCN2 blockade was performed by intraperitoneal administration of a polyclonal anti-LCN2 antibody. We analyzed metabolic parameters, food intake, feeding patterns, and serum LCN2 and leptin concentrations. In another group of intact or T2D mice, we analyzed the effect of blocking LCN2 and recombinant LCN2 on food consumption in a fasting-refeeding test and, the expression of cFOS and LCN2 in brain sections, specifically in the hypothalamus, piriform cortex, visceral area, arcuate nucleus and caudate-putamen. Results: T2D caused an increase in serum LCN2, without alterations in Ad libitum feeding, but with changes in the feeding pattern associated with alterations in LCN2-cFOS signalling in hypothalamic and non-hypothalamic brain regions. Blocking LCN2 improved metabolic parameters, increased Ad libitum feeding, and restored the feeding pattern after fasting, which is associated with enhanced LCN2 signalling in the brain. Conclusions: Blocking LCN2 restores metabolic health and normalizes the pattern of food consumption by normalizing LCN2 signalling in different brain regions.

Graphical Abstract
Italian adaptation and psychometric analysis of the moral foundations questionnaire 2
Authors: Frisari Francesca Valeria , Bonora Matteo , Parisse Chiara , Livi Stefano , Kosic Ankica
Published: January 2025

Within the framework of Moral Foundations Theory (MFT; Haidt & Graham, Social Justice Research, 20(1), 98–116, 2007; Haidt & Joseph, Daedalus, 133(4), 55–66, 2004), the aim of the present study is to adapt and discuss the psychometric features of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire 2 (MFQ-2; Atari et al., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2023) in the Italian context. Utilizing a sample of 947 Italian adults, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted, which confirmed the six-factor solution initially proposed for the MFQ-2. Each moral foundation demonstrated acceptable reliability, underscoring the robustness of the questionnaire’s internal consistency. Correlation analyses between the MFQ-2 and MFQ-1 dimensions indicate a significant consistency across the dimensions of both versions, affirming the convergent validity of the MFQ-2. Additionally, Multi-Group Confirmatory Analyses (MGCFAs) indicated that the MFQ-2 exhibits configural invariance across genders. Despite several limitations, this study provides precious insights into the adaptation process of the MFQ-2 for the Italian cultural context, contributing to a broader understanding of the MFT in Italy.
Psychometric characteristics of the n-back task: Construct validity across age and stimulus type, internal consistency, test-retest and alternate forms reliability
Authors: Hepdarcan Ilgım , Can Seda
Published: January 2025

Age-related impairments are observed in a variety of cognitive constructs, including significant deteriorations in working memory (WM) performance. To measure the WM, the commonly used task in cognitive aging is the n-back. Despite its widespread use, however, its psychometric properties have not been sufficiently studied. Previous research has typically examined construct validity by correlating n-back task measures with other WM tasks and has primarily assessed reliability through test-retest, occasionally including split-half reliability. In this study, we comprehensively examined the psychometric properties of the n-back task by evaluating its construct validity across different age groups (younger and older adults) and stimulus types (verbal and non-verbal) and by assessing reliability through three methods: test-retest, split-half, and alternate forms. Our findings showed similar performance in verbal and non-verbal n-back tasks for both younger and older adults in terms of discrimination ability and reaction time. However, age-related differences favored younger adults, providing evidence for construct validity. In addition, the n-back measures were stable over time, consistent for two halves, and comparable for different forms, demonstrating task. This study provides the first evidence supporting the validity of the n-back task with regard to age and stimulus type, alongside its reliability. These findings have important implications for clinical research and practice, suggesting that the n-back task can be confidently utilized in neuropsychological assessments.
Investigation of a Donor Primary School Student’s Perspective on the Concept of Family: a Narrative Study
Authors: Özden Gökhan , Ütkür-Güllühan Nur
Published: January 2025

The study focused on a family structure consisting of a donor child and his mother, which differs from the traditional family structure, aiming to reveal the donor child’s perspective on the concept of family. In this context, a narrative research design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. To explore the child’s life through narratives, interviews were conducted with the donor child, his mother, and his primary school teacher. The study’s data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using narrative thematic analysis. Based on family theories such as “attachment theory, role theory, and network theory,” significant findings were obtained regarding a donor-conceived child’s perception of the concept of family as a combination of a secure attachment relationship and experiences in the social environment. It was generally concluded that the child’s relationships with people in the home, school, and social environments were positive. Additionally, the child demonstrated a positive approach toward concepts such as “family, father, and relatives” when he was with his securely attached mother. However, it was observed that he exhibited negative attitudes toward the absence of a father and other relatives in school and social environments where he was away from his securely attached mother. It is believed that this study will shed light on future research concerning the education and family life of donor-conceived children.
Manufacturing and decorating cardial pottery: shell tools at the Neolithic site of Cabecicos Negros (Vera, Almeria, Spain)
Authors: Lastra-Alonso Elena , Cuenca-Solana David , García-Escárzaga Asier , Rodríguez-Santos Javier , Clop-García Xavier , Camalich-Massieu María Dolores , Martín-Socas Dimas
Published: January 2025

Traditional research approaches on pottery production based on typological and morphometric classifications have changed in favour of new lines of research. One of them is based on the study of the technological equipment used in ceramic manufacturing processes. For example, ethnographic evidence shows the use of shell tools as technological equipment in different phases of ceramic production. In this study, the methodology of use-wear analysis has been applied to the archaeomalacological material from the Neolithic site of Cabecicos Negros (Andalusia, Spain) to establish if the shells were used as work tools. This analysis has been completed with the development of an experimental program composed of two analytical and one prospective experiments, carried out to provide new data about the cardial decorative technique and to define the use-wear traces that appear on the active area of the shells after their technological use. The results obtained in this investigation show the use of shells in different stages of pottery production. On the one hand, during the modelling and regularization phase of the ceramic surface and, on the other hand, during the cardial decorative phase. In this way, through this work, it has been possible to establish that the archaeological site of Cabecicos Negros was a pottery production center where domestic pieces were made during its Neolithic occupation. In addition, these findings reaffirm the importance of shells in ceramic manufacture during the Neolithic period, mainly in terms of the technical process linked to the cardial-type of ceramic decoration.
Numerical modeling of clamp load relaxation of plastic nuts under varying moisture and fiber contents
Authors: Wippermann Jan , Meschut Gerson
Published: January 2025

This study presents a numerical approach using a 3D finite element model to quantify the remaining clamp load of a plastic nut joint after a specific time. The viscoelastic relaxation of a thermoplastic nut, which is predominantly screwed on a welding stud, is described by a material card using Prony Series. Prony Series are derived from experimental dynamical mechanical analysis with different moisture and fiber contents of the thermoplastic. Since plastic nuts usually do not have preformed threads, the increased temperatures and resulting stresses from the thread-forming process are considered in the simulation. An FE model is created and verified by substrate stress relaxation tests. Experimental clamp load measurements with miniature compression load cells verify the clamp load prediction and show a good agreement. The developed model is used to analyze the clamp load distribution within the threads and reveals an almost even distribution within the threads.
Climate change trauma and collective dissociation: Unraveling the impact on mental health and advocating for collective action
Authors: Shomuyiwa Deborah Oluwaseun , Lucero-Prisno Don-Eliseo
Published: January 2025

The climate change crisis is a complex global challenge that has far- reaching implications for public health and well-being. Rising temperatures and more frequent extreme weather events are impacting physical health, mental well-being, and ecological balance. Vulnerable communities are disproportionately affected, especially in terms of food security. Furthermore, climate-related disasters have profound and lasting effects on mental health, leading to trauma responses and dissociation as coping mechanisms. This perspective delves into the concept of collective dissociation, a subconscious defense mechanism that hinders effective action in the face of the overwhelming climate crisis. Understanding and characterizing this phenomenon is essential to promote meaningful climate action. To combat collective dissociation and facilitate effective collective action, several strategies are proposed. Responsible information management for advocacy, local moral support, strategic policy development, and research on climate trauma processing are highlighted as vital approaches. By addressing the mental health implications of climate change, raising awareness, and prioritizing resilience and cooperation, societies can transcend collective dissociation and work together towards a more sustainable future for both the planet and its inhabitants. This call to action underscores the need for comprehensive and guided measures to safeguard planetary and population health in the face of this pressing crisis.
Paleomagnetic data from volcanic rocks in the southern Central Andes of Argentina and their implications for tectonics and geomagnetic field behavior
Authors: Perez M.L. , Milanese F.N. , Geuna S.E. , Franceschinis P.R. , Puigdomenech C. , Folguera A. , Rapalini A.E.
Published: January 2025

A paleomagnetic study of basaltic lava flows exposed in the northern Neuquén Cordillera, southernmost Central Andes, along the Antiñir-Copahue fault zone (ACFZ), involved 25 sites of the Cola de Zorro Formation (Pliocene–Early Pleistocene) along two different sections. The sites show exclusive normal polarity, corresponding to the Late Pliocene Gauss chron (3.6–2.6 Ma). The angular standard deviation of virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs; ASD = 14.8°) is consistent with the expected values from recent geomagnetic models, in opposition to anomalously low dispersion found in previous studies in Pleistocene VGPs of reverse polarity from neighboring areas to our study zone. Mean paleomagnetic directions for Bella Vista (Dec = 0.0°, Inc = −50.0°, α₉₅ = 7.6°, K = 36.7, N = 11) and Río Huaraco sections (Dec = 354.9°, Inc = −57.0°, α₉₅ = 7.5°, K = 55.7, N = 8) do not show tectonic rotation around vertical axes. Combining and regrouping our and previous data by area confirmed the absence of tectonic rotations in the Huaraco-Trohunco block and a statistically significant clockwise rotation of 14.4° ± 10.3° of three adjacent tectonic blocks located south of our study locality in Pleistocene times. These results suggest that strike-slip deformation along some sections of the ACFZ was significant in the Pleistocene structural evolution of this region.