bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laboratory assessment of semi-permeable properties of a natural sodium bentonite
Authors: Dominijanni Andrea , Guarena Nicolò , Manassero Mario
Published: February 2018

The relevance of the semi-permeable properties of bentonites, which affect both their transport processes and mechanical behaviour, has been assessed through the experimental determination of three parameters: the reflection coefficient, ω; the osmotic effective diffusion coefficient, [Formula: see text]; and the swell coefficient, ϖ. Two multi-stage tests were conducted on a natural sodium bentonite, while varying both the specimen void ratio, e, and the solute concentration, cs, of the equilibrium sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. The measured phenomenological parameters were interpreted through a mechanistic model, in which the electric charge of clay particles is taken into account via a single material parameter, [Formula: see text], referred to as the “solid charge coefficient”. A constant value of [Formula: see text] = 110 mmol/L was found to provide an accurate interpretation of the experimental data, at least within the investigated range of bentonite void ratios (3.33 ≤ e ≤ 4.18) and NaCl concentrations of the external bulk solutions (5 ≤ cs≤ 90 mmol/L). The results support the hypothesis that both chemical osmosis and swelling pressure are macroscopic manifestations of the same interactions, which occur at the microscopic scale between the clay particles and the ions contained in the pore solution, and that both of them can be modelled through a single theoretical framework.
On the adiabatic theorem when eigenvalues dive into the continuum
Authors: Cornean H. D. , Jensen A. , Knörr H. K. , Nenciu G.
Published: February 2018

We consider a reduced two-channel model of an atom consisting of a quantum dot coupled to an open scattering channel described by a three-dimensional Laplacian. We are interested in the survival probability of a bound state when the dot energy varies smoothly and adiabatically in time. The initial state corresponds to a discrete eigenvalue which dives into the continuous spectrum and re-emerges from it as the dot energy is varied in time and finally returns to its initial value. Our main result is that for a large class of couplings, the survival probability of this bound state vanishes in the adiabatic limit. At the end of the paper, we present a short outlook on how our method may be extended to cover other classes of Hamiltonians; details will be given elsewhere.
An Efficient IR-HARQ Power Allocation for Relay-Aided Cellular Networks
Authors: Mangayarkarasi P. , Raja J.
Published: February 2018

Energy-efficient and reliable data transmission is a challenging task in wireless relay networks (WRNs). Energy efficiency in cellular networks has received significant attention because of the present need for reduced energy consumption, thereby maintaining the profitability of networks, which in turn makes these networks “greener”. The urban cell topography needs more energy to cover the total area of the cell. The base station does not cover the entire area in a given topography and adding more number of base stations is a cost prohibitive one. Energy-efficient relay placement model which calculates the maximum cell coverage is proposed in this work that covers all sectors and also an energy-efficient incremental redundancy-hybrid automatic repeat request (IR-HARQ) power allocation scheme to improve the reliability of the network by improving the overall network throughput is proposed. An IR-HARQ power allocation method maximizes the average incremental mutual information at each round, and its throughput quickly converges to the ergodic channel capacity as the number of retransmissions increases. Simulation results show that the proposed IR-HARQ power allocation achieves full channel capacity with average transmission delay and maintains good throughput under less power consumption. Also the impact of relaying performance on node distances between relay station and base station as well as between user and relay station and relay height for line of sight conditions are analyzed using full decode and forward (FDF) and partial decode and forward (PDF) relaying schemes. Compared to FDF scheme, PDF scheme provides better performance and allows more freedom in the relay placement for an increase in cell coverage.
Optimal Tabu K-Means Clustering Using Massively Parallel Architecture
Authors: Saveetha V. , Sophia S.
Published: February 2018

Parallel discovery of inherent clusters using massively threaded architectures is the solution for handling computational challenges raised by fat datasets in cluster analysis. The Graphics Processing Unit and Compute Unified Device Architecture form a convincing platform to parallelize clustering algorithms. The parallel K-means algorithm aims at increasing the speedup, but often faces the hitch of falling into local minima. The heuristic search procedure to discover the global optima in the solution space is known as Tabu Search. The K-means clustering solution is fine-tuned by applying parallel implementation of Tabu Search K-means clustering in order to increase efficacy. The aim is to combine optimization characteristic of Tabu Search for calculation of centroids with clustering attitude of K-means and to enhance the solution using processing power of GPU. The parallelization strategy used exhibits increase in speedup. The parallel Tabu-KM algorithm is tested on standard datasets, and performance is compared with sequential K-means, parallel K-means and sequential Tabu K-means algorithms. The experimental results confirm yet another parallelization technique to unravel data clustering problems.
Back reaction of the gravitational radiation on the metric of spacetime
Authors: Grib A. A. , Pavlov Yu. V.
Published: February 2018

The problem of back reaction of the gravitational radiation of the two merging black holes on the metric of the spacetime is investigated. It is shown for some models that large energy density of the gravitational waves close to the merger can lead to the disappearance of the visible accretion disc of the merged pair of black holes.
Singly injective modules
Authors: Moradzadeh-Dehkordi A. , Shojaee S. H.
Published: February 2018

A left [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] is said to be left singly injective if [Formula: see text] for any cyclic submodule [Formula: see text] of any finitely generated free left [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study the notion of singly injective modules which is generalization of injective modules and absolutely pure modules. In this direction, we give conditions which guarantee that each singly injective left [Formula: see text]-module is either injective or absolutely pure. Finally, we study rings whose simple modules are singly injective (SSI-rings).
Generalized Yetter–Drinfeld (quasi)modules and Yetter–Drinfeld–Long bi(quasi)modules for Hopf quasigroups
Authors: Shi Gui-Qi , Fang Xiao-Li , Torrecillas Blas
Published: February 2018

As generalizations of Yetter–Drinfeld module over a Hopf quasigroup, we introduce the notions of Yetter–Drinfeld–Long bimodule and generalize the Yetter–Drinfeld module over a Hopf quasigroup in this paper, and show that the category of Yetter–Drinfeld–Long bimodules [Formula: see text] over Hopf quasigroups is braided, which generalizes the results in Alonso Álvarez et al. [Projections and Yetter–Drinfeld modules over Hopf (co)quasigroups, J. Algebra 443 (2015) 153–199]. We also prove that the category of [Formula: see text] having all the categories of generalized Yetter–Drinfeld modules [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] as components is a crossed [Formula: see text]-category.
Kolmogorov proof of the Clauser, Horne, Shimony and Holt inequalities
Authors: Revzen M.
Published: February 2018

Boolean logic is used to prove the CHSH inequalities. The proof elucidates the connection between Einstein elements of reality and quantum non-locality. The violation of the CHSH inequality by quantum theory is discussed and the two-stage view of quantum measurement relevance to incompatible observables is outlined.
Impact Dynamics-Based Torso Control for Dynamic Walking Biped Robots
Authors: Luo Xiang , Xia Dan , Zhu Chi
Published: February 2018

This paper presents a control method of the torso for dynamic walking of biped robots. Specifically, we want to save the energy and improve the walking stability by the planning and control of torso orientation at landing. First, the impact process of leg exchange is formulated using a simplified model. Based on this, the influence of the torso orientation at landing on walking performance is investigated. Second, a control method of torso orientation, which is an under actuated control, is proposed to regulate the torso orientation in the single support phase (SSP). Third, the control module of the torso is integrated into the previously established control frame of 3D biped walking to implement the control objective of a 3D humanoid robot. The results of a number of simulations show the feasibility of the proposed method, and also explore the relations between the speed, stability and energy consumption with the landing orientation of the torso.
GPAtlasRRT: A Local Tactile Exploration Planner for Recovering the Shape of Novel Objects
Authors: Rosales Carlos , Spinelli Federico , Gabiccini Marco , Zito Claudio , Wyatt Jeremy L.
Published: February 2018

Touch is an important modality to recover object shape. We present a method for a robot to complete a partial shape model by local tactile exploration. In local tactile exploration, the finger is constrained to follow the local surface. This is useful for recovering information about a contiguous portion of the object and is frequently employed by humans. There are three contributions. First, we show how to segment an initial point cloud of a grasped, unknown object into hand and object. Second, we present a local tactile exploration planner. This combines a Gaussian Process (GP) model of the object surface with an AtlasRRT planner. The GP predicts the unexplored surface and the uncertainty of that prediction. The AtlasRRT creates a tactile exploration path across this predicted surface, driving it towards the region of greatest uncertainty. Finally, we experimentally compare the planner with alternatives in simulation, and demonstrate the complete approach on a real robot. We show that our planner successfully traverses the object, and that the full object shape can be recovered with a good degree of accuracy.
Ethnography for Accessibility to Public Open Spaces
Authors: Lu Yuwen , Leng Hong , Yuan Qing
Published: February 2018

The access to public open spaces (POSs) has been catching the attention of urban planners and architects alike to inject dynamism into their design so as to bring life back into the static structures they have or about to create. POSs are not just green spaces existing between buildings, but spaces to host events, grounds for physical exercise, as well as rehabilitation workout places for patients discharged from the hospitals. In China, 44.6% of the country, mostly located in high latitude and altitude areas, accessibility to POSs is often hampered by bad weather. In this paper, we reported on an ethnography process from the point of view of pedestrians walking in the cold to experience the accessibility to POSs using Global Position System (GPS) mobile phones carried in their pockets, as a biosensor, to study the behaviors of pedestrians on the move, so as to identify the access points for possible urban redevelopment, where weatherproof linkways could be put in place to facilitate and encourage people to venture out into the open during winter months. In the course of our research, we undertook a case study in the central districts of Harbin that includes Nangang, Daoli, Daowai and Xiangfang districts, during the winter months (from December 2015 to June 2016), enduring an average monthly temperature of [Formula: see text]C, to ethnography, the pattern of pedestrians walking in the cold. The results confirm our hypothesis that harsh cold environment and the extreme climate conditions have discouraged the access to POSs. At the same time, the data collected have also helped us to pinpoint access points where weatherproof link way could be provided to facilitate and encourage people to travel by foot during winter months.
Structural and Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured C-Ag Thin Films Synthesized by Thermionic Vacuum Arc Method
Authors: Vladoiu Rodica , Mandes Aurelia , Dinca-Balan Virginia , Bursikova Vilma
Published: February 2018

Nanostructured C-Ag thin films of 200 nm thickness were successfully synthesized by the Thermionic Vacuum Arc (TVA) method. The influence of different substrates (glass, silicon wafers, and stainless steel) on the microstructure, morphology, and mechanical properties of nanostructured C-Ag thin films was characterized by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and TI 950 (Hysitron) nanoindenter equipped with Berkovich indenter, respectively. The film’s hardness deposited on glass (HC-Ag/Gl = 1.8 GPa) was slightly lower than in the case of the C-Ag film deposited on a silicon substrate (HC-Ag/Si = 2.2 GPa). Also the apparent elastic modulus Eeff was lower for C-Ag/Gl sample (Eeff = 100 GPa) than for C-Ag/Si (Eeff = 170 GPa), while the values for average roughness are Ra=2.9 nm (C-Ag/Si) and Ra=10.6 (C-Ag/Gl). Using the modulus mapping mode, spontaneous and indentation-induced aggregation of the silver nanoparticles was observed for both C-Ag/Gl and C-Ag/Si samples. The nanocomposite C-Ag film exhibited not only higher hardness and effective elastic modulus, but also a higher fracture resistance toughness to the silicon substrate compared to the glass substrate.
Interleukin-30/IL27p28 Shapes Prostate Cancer Stem-like Cell Behavior and Is Critical for Tumor Onset and Metastasization
Authors: Sorrentino Carlo , Ciummo Stefania L. , Cipollone Giuseppe , Caputo Sara , Bellone Matteo , Di Carlo Emma
Published: February 2018

Prostate cancer stem-like cells (PCSLC) are believed to be responsible for prostate cancer onset and metastasis. Autocrine and microenvironmental signals dictate PCSLC behavior and patient outcome. In prostate cancer patients, IL30/IL27p28 has been linked with tumor progression, but the mechanisms underlying this link remain mostly elusive. Here, we asked whether IL30 may favor prostate cancer progression by conditioning PCSLCs and assessed the value of blocking IL30 to suppress tumor growth. IL30 was produced by PCSLCs in human and murine prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and displayed significant autocrine and paracrine effects. PCSLC-derived IL30 supported PCSLC viability, self-renewal and tumorigenicity, expression of inflammatory mediators and growth factors, tumor immune evasion, and regulated chemokine and chemokine receptor genes, primarily via STAT1/STAT3 signaling. IL30 overproduction by PCSLCs promoted tumor onset and development associated with increased proliferation, vascularization, and myeloid cell recruitment. Furthermore, it promoted PCSLC dissemination to lymph nodes and bone marrow by upregulating the CXCR5/CXCL13 axis, and drove metastasis to lungs through the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis. These mechanisms were drastically hindered by IL30 knockdown or knockout in PCSLCs. Collectively, these results mark IL30 as a key driver of PCSLC behavior. Targeting IL30 signaling may be a potential therapeutic strategy against prostate cancer progression and recurrence.

Significance: IL30 plays an important role in regulating prostate cancer stem-like cell behavior and metastatic potential, therefore targeting this cytokine could hamper prostate cancer progression or recurrence. Cancer Res; 78(10); 2654–68. ©2018 AACR.
Heterochromatin Protein 1α Mediates Development and Aggressiveness of Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ci Xinpei , Hao Jun , Dong Xin , Choi Stephen Y. , Xue Hui , Wu Rebecca , Qu Sifeng , Gout Peter W. , Zhang Fang , Haegert Anne M. , Fazli Ladan , Crea Francesco , Ong Christopher J. , Zoubeidi Amina , He Housheng H. , Gleave Martin E. , Collins Colin C. , Lin Dong , Wang Yuzhuo
Published: February 2018

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a lethal subtype of prostate cancer arising mostly from adenocarcinoma via neuroendocrine transdifferentiation following androgen deprivation therapy. Mechanisms contributing to both NEPC development and its aggressiveness remain elusive. In light of the fact that hyperchromatic nuclei are a distinguishing histopathologic feature of NEPC, we utilized transcriptomic analyses of our patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, multiple clinical cohorts, and genetically engineered mouse models to identify 36 heterochromatin-related genes that are significantly enriched in NEPC. Longitudinal analysis using our unique, first-in-field PDX model of adenocarcinoma-to-NEPC transdifferentiation revealed that, among those 36 heterochromatin-related genes, heterochromatin protein 1α (HP1α) expression increased early and steadily during NEPC development and remained elevated in the developed NEPC tumor. Its elevated expression was further confirmed in multiple PDX and clinical NEPC samples. HP1α knockdown in the NCI-H660 NEPC cell line inhibited proliferation, ablated colony formation, and induced apoptotic cell death, ultimately leading to tumor growth arrest. Its ectopic expression significantly promoted NE transdifferentiation in adenocarcinoma cells subjected to androgen deprivation treatment. Mechanistically, HP1α reduced expression of androgen receptor and RE1 silencing transcription factor and enriched the repressive trimethylated histone H3 at Lys9 mark on their respective gene promoters. These observations indicate a novel mechanism underlying NEPC development mediated by abnormally expressed heterochromatin genes, with HP1α as an early functional mediator and a potential therapeutic target for NEPC prevention and management.

Significance: Heterochromatin proteins play a fundamental role in NEPC, illuminating new therapeutic targets for this aggressive disease. Cancer Res; 78(10); 2691–704. ©2018 AACR.
Preclinical Activity of Abemaciclib Alone or in Combination with Antimitotic and Targeted Therapies in Breast Cancer
Authors: O'Brien Neil , Conklin Dylan , Beckmann Richard , Luo Tong , Chau Kevin , Thomas Josh , Mc Nulty Ann , Marchal Christophe , Kalous Ondrej , von Euw Erika , Hurvitz Sara , Mockbee Colleen , Slamon Dennis J.
Published: February 2018

The cyclinD:CDK4/6:Rb axis is dysregulated in a variety of human cancers. Targeting this pathway has proven to be a successful therapeutic approach in ER+ breast cancer. In this study, in vitro and in vivo preclinical breast cancer models were used to investigate the expanded use of the CDK4/6 inhibitor, abemaciclib. Using a panel of 44 breast cancer cell lines, differential sensitivity to abemaciclib was observed and was seen predominately in the luminal ER+/HER2− and ER+/HER2+ subtypes. However, a subset of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines with intact Rb signaling were also found to be responsive. Equivalent levels of tumor growth inhibition were observed in ER+/HER2−, ER+/HER2+ as well as biomarker selected TNBC xenografts in response to abemaciclib. In addition, abemaciclib combined with hormonal blockade and/or HER2-targeted therapy induced significantly improved antitumor activity. CDK4/6 inhibition with abemaciclib combined with antimitotic agents, both in vitro and in vivo, did not antagonize the effect of either agent. Finally, we identified a set of Rb/E2F-regulated genes that consistently track with growth inhibitory response and constitute potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers of response to abemaciclib. Taken together, these data represent a comprehensive analysis of the preclinical activity of abemaciclib, used alone or in combination, in human breast cancer models. The subtypes most likely to respond to abemaciclib-based therapies can be identified by measurement of a specific set of biomarkers associated with increased dependency on cyclinD:CDK4/6:Rb signaling. These data support the clinical development of abemaciclib as monotherapy or as a combination partner in selected ER+/HER2−, HER2+/ER+, and TNBCs. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(5); 897–907. ©2018 AACR.
MCT4 Expression Is a Potential Therapeutic Target in Colorectal Cancer with Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Authors: Kim Hee Kyung , Lee InKyoung , Bang Heejin , Kim Hee Cheol , Lee Woo Yong , Yun Seong Hyeon , Lee Jeeyun , Lee Su Jin , Park Young Suk , Kim Kyoung-Mee , Kang Won Ki
Published: February 2018

Monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) are transmembrane proteins that control the lactate metabolism and are associated with poor prognosis in solid tumors, including colorectal cancer. Here, we aimed to investigate the biological and clinical role of MCTs in colorectal cancer and to assess the potential of therapeutic application. A total of 16 human colorectal cancer cell lines, 11 patient-derived cells from malignant ascites [patient-derived cells (PDC)], and 39 matched pairs of primary colorectal cancer and normal colorectal tissues were used to assess the role of MCT in vitro and in vivo. siRNA methodology was used to determine the effect of MCT inhibition and molecular mechanism of hypoxia- and angiogenesis-related factors in addition to MCT4. The effect of MCT inhibition was confirmed in mouse xenograft models. MCT4 expression in surgical tissue was evaluated by IHC and used for survival analysis. Expression of MCTs was demonstrated in colorectal cancer cell lines. siRNA-mediated MCT silencing caused significant decline of cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. An additive effect of MCT inhibition was induced by combined treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In particular, the expression of MCT4 was markedly increased in PDCs, and MCT4 inhibition significantly decreased PDC proliferation. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF1α) was also highly expressed in PDCs, whereas HIF1α knockdown reduced MCT4 expression and of other angiogenesis-related mediators. The patients with high MCT4 expression by IHC showed shorter relapse-free survival compared with low expression. These findings suggest that MCT4 may represent a new therapeutic target for colorectal cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis and serve as a prognostic indicator. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(4); 838–48. ©2018 AACR.
Experiences From an Extension Program: Awareness of the Population About the Importance and Use of Pharmacogenetics
Authors: Moraes Jordana Carvalhaes de , Lacchini Riccardo
Published: February 2018

A expressão “farmacogenética” indica a existência de variações na sequência de DNA que podem influenciar a maneira como o corpo responde aos medicamentos, tanto em relação à eficácia terapêutica quanto à ocorrência de reações adversas aos medicamentos. Apesar de muito bem estabelecida e aplicada internacionalmente, o uso da farmacogenética ainda não é uma realidade no Brasil, especialmente no SUS. O objetivo geral desse trabalho foi produzir uma cartilha informativa sobre farmacogenética e aplicar essa cartilha para a população frequentadora do campus da USP de Ribeirão Preto, e fornecer de forma gratuita aos participantes um exame genético com a determinação dos alelos *2 e *3 da enzima CYP2C9, tema da cartilha. O presente projeto de extensão foi feito em paralelo a uma pesquisa clínica cujos resultados serão submetidos para revistas científicas e não serão reproduzidos aqui. Os participantes receberam informações gerais sobre farmacogenética de forma oral, em seguida leram a cartilha e a avaliaram através de um questionário. Esse estudo mostrou que, com o uso de materiais e método simples, é possível trazer a farmacogenética até mesmo para leigos, e isto pode ser uma importante abordagem para estimular o uso dessas informações por profissionais da saúde.
Study of the Relationship of Parents of Elementary School Students with the Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering FZEA / USP
Authors: Rocha Delaine Goulart da , Martello Luciane Silva , Gameiro Mariana Bombo Perozzi , Zuin Luis Fernando Soares
Published: February 2018

Este artigo é o resultado de uma análise qualitativa e quantitativa referente ao levantamento das percepções de pais de alunos do ensino fundamental da rede pública, em relação à Universidade de São Paulo (USP), durante participação no projeto “USP na Escolinha”. O objetivo foi retratar a sinestesia de pais participantes e verificar a inserção desses sujeitos perante essa universidade pública. Conclui-se que o grupo estudado desconhece informações importantes, por exemplo, se a USP recolhe mensalidades dos alunos ou não. Percebe-se o interesse da comunidade em participar de atividades ofertadas pela instituição de ensino estudada, porém, há desconhecimento sobre como participar. Como método, os autores realizaram a coleta de dados por meio de questionários, distribuídos pelo projeto de extensão universitária da instituição, tendo como público-alvo os pais de crianças com idade entre seis e dez anos, participantes desse projeto. O resultado contribui para contextualizar os desafios da comunicação entre comunidade e universidade pública; além disso, o trabalho serve de referência para outras universidades públicas brasileiras interessadas em aprimorar os trabalhos de extensão.
Universal Health Coverage for Undocumented Migrants. The Spanish Case
Authors: Dalli María
Published: February 2018

Implementation of the universal right to health, along with the UN’s goal to achieve universal health coverage (UHC), face common challenges to ensuring universal health care entitlement. One of these difficulties is health care restrictions for undocumented migrants. A recent example is the Spanish health care regulation that places universal coverage at risk by restricting access to it by this group. The work herein examines the right to health and UHC’s regulations with the aim of determining if access to health care services for undocumented migrants is indeed recognized and if this recognition could therefore be valid to limit those kinds of measures. The UHC proposal does not sufficiently deal with this problem. Regarding the right to health, even though there are some limitations within international human rights laws regarding protection for this group, it can be concluded that the right to health is also applicable to undocumented migrants.
Interpretation of Nature: Peirce’s Theory of Interpretation
Authors: Lee Cheongho
Published: February 2018

In his theory of interpretation, Peirce’s attention is drawn to the work of “mind,” especially its appropriation of signs. Mind interprets nature by using signs in every form of inquiry. Based on his three categories, Peirce defines interpretation as a determinate process of interpretations of interpretations. Communicative process thus means, instead of just being determined as an interpretant by an object, that the interpreter is determined by a “communicative effort.” In the communicative effort, for Peirce, temporal unit is the necessary condition of meaning. In other words, in order to mean something, the communicative effort has to be performed in a continuum from a past to a future. Concealed possibilities can be actualized when the continuum is “broken,” genuinely divided. Peirce truly acknowledges that the possibility can be actualized when it is broken into parts.
On the Nature of Belief in Pluralistic Ignorance
Authors: Joven-Romero Marco Antonio
Published: February 2018

I apply recent research on the links between belief, truth and pragmatism based on Williams (1970) statement that “beliefs aim at truth,” to the phenomenon of pluralistic ignorance, in which agents act contrary to their private beliefs because they believe that other agents believe the contrary. I consider three positions; an epistemic position, a pragmatic position, and a third position coordinating the first two. I apply them to pluralistic ignorance while considering the recent study of Bjerring, Hansend and Pedersen (2014). I conclude that a purely epistemic approach is better for understanding pluralistic ignorance.
Rediscovery of Thismia neptunis (Thismiaceae) after 151 years
Authors: SOCHOR MICHAL , EGERTOVÁ ZUZANA , HRONEŠ MICHAL , DANČÁK MARTIN
Published: February 2018

Thismia neptunis, as many of its congeners, is a poorly understood species that has only been known from the type collection and its limited original description. In January 2017 it was rediscovered in the type area in the Gunung Matang massif, western Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia. The paper provides the amended description and drawings of the species, very first available photographs and short notes on taxonomy and historical context of Beccari’s work on Thismia.
The genus Rosalba Thomson, 1864 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini)
Authors: SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO , GALILEO MARIA HELENA M. , JOLY LUIS J. , TAVAKILIAN GÉRARD L.
Published: February 2018

Nineteen new species are described: Rosalba wappesi, from Bolivia; R. giesberti, from Bolivia; R. skillmani, from Bolivia; R. lingafelteri, from Bolivia; R. senecauxi, from French Guiana; R. dalensi, from French Guiana; R. giuglarisi, from French Guiana; R. nearnsi, from French Guiana; R. cerdai, from French Guiana; R. gaianii, from Venezuela; R. pittieri, from Venezuela; R. clinei, from Bolivia and Brazil; R. morrisi, from Costa Rica and Panama; R. schneppi, from Panama; R. birai, from Colombia; R. stenodesma, from Venezuela and French Guiana; R. similis, from Peru and Ecuador; R. bezarki, from Ecuador; and R.seraisorum, from Ecuador and Brazil (Amazonas). The following new synonymies are established: Aletretia dissimilis Belon, 1903 = A. fimbriata Belon, 1903; Aletretia consobrina Melzer, 1934, Rosalba gounellei Galileo & Martins, 2013 and Rosalba vanini Galileo & Martins, 2013 = Aletretia inscripta Bates, 1866; Aletretia mediofasciata Breuning, 1943 = Aletretia bucki Melzer, 1934; Aletretia peraffinis Breuning, 1940 = Aletretia approximata Melzer, 1934. The following species are redescribed: Rosalba strandiella (Breuning, 1940); and Rosalba rufescens (Breuning, 1940). The following new records are reported: Rosalba strandiella for Bolivia; R. strandi (Breuning, 1943) from the Brazilian states of São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina; R. inscripta from Peru and the Brazilian state of Acre; R. smaragdina (Breuning, 1940) from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais; R. obliqua (Thomson, 1868) from Brazil; and Rosalba fimbriata (Belon, 1903) from Ecuador.
Audiometric Testing Guideline Adherence in Children Undergoing Tympanostomy Tubes: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Beyea Jason A. , Rosen Emily , Stephens Trina , Nguyen Paul , Hall Stephen F.
Published: February 2018

Objective

Tympanostomy tube (TT) insertion is the most common ambulatory surgery performed on children. American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Founda‐tion (AAO‐HNSF) Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) recommend hearing testing for all pediatric TT candidates. The aim of this study was to assess audiometric testing in this population.

Study Design

Retrospective population‐based cohort study.

Setting

All hospitals in the Canadian province of Ontario.

Subjects and Methods

All patients 12 years of age and younger who underwent at least 1 TT procedure between January 1993 and June 2016. The primary outcomes were the percentage of patients who underwent a hearing test within 1 year before and/or 1 year after surgery.

Results

A total of 316,599 bilateral TT procedures were performed during the study period (1993 to 2016). Presurgical hearing tests increased from 55.7% to 74.9%, and postsurgical hearing tests increased from 42.2% to 68.9%. Younger surgeons demonstrated a greater adherence to the CPGs (relative risk [RR], 1.22; 95% CI, 1.08‐1.38; P =. 001). Remarkably, there was not a spike in preoperative hearing tests following the introduction of the CPGs in 2013 (RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.85‐1.47; P =. 432). Presurgical hearing testing ranged from 26.1% to 83.5% across health regions.

Conclusion

In this cohort of children who underwent TT placement, the trends of preoperative and postoperative audiometric testing are increasing but are still lower than recommended by the CPGs, despite a tripling of practicing audiologists. This study describes the current state of testing in Ontario and highlights issues of access to audiology services, possible parent preferences, and the importance of ongoing continuing medical education for all health care practitioners.
The Effect of Gender on Attributions for Women’s Anxiety and Doubt in a Science Narrative
Authors: Freedman Gili , Green Melanie C. , Flanagan Mary , Fitzgerald Kaitlin , Kaufman Geoff
Published: February 2018

Although the effect of biases and stereotype threat on women in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields is well documented, less is known about how men and women attribute an undergraduate woman’s anxieties in a STEM class. We examined how undergraduate men and women perceive a woman facing emotional struggles in a physics class (Study 1, N = 309; Study 2, N = 271) and having her contributions ignored in an environmental science class (Study 3, N = 344) in three studies and an internal meta-analysis. Across the studies and meta-analysis, we found gender differences in reactions to the stories. Men were less likely than women to attribute the student’s anxiety to bias-related factors, such as awareness of stereotypes or instructor treatment, and more likely than women to attribute the anxiety to the student’s lack of preparation. Women were more likely to view the narratives as reflecting real-life experiences of women in STEM. The results indicate a lack of awareness, on the part of undergraduate men, of the difficulties faced by women in STEM classes. Based on the current findings, educators and researchers should consider the role that gender plays in how women’s emotional responses in STEM contexts are interpreted. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684318754528
Infrared and Mössbauer spectroscopy of Fe-rich smectites from Morrón de Mateo bentonite deposit (Spain)
Authors: Pelayo M. , Marco J. F. , Fernández A. M. , Vergara L. , Melón A. M. , Pérez del Villar L.
Published: February 2018

The Morrón de Mateo bentonite deposit has been studied as a natural analogue of the thermal effect on the bentonite barrier of a geological radioactive waste repository. This deposit was intruded by a volcanic dome that induced hydrothermal activity affecting the smectite clay minerals close to the dome. Previous studies of proximal bentonites indicated that Al-montmorillonites were transformed into Fe-rich smectites with intermediate composition between beidellite and saponite through gradual steps formed by smectites increasingly rich in Mg and Fe. In order to confirm the suggested transformation and the Fe distribution into the smectites, infrared and Mössbauer spectroscopy studies were performed. Infrared spectra of samples away from the dome show typical bands for montmorillonite type with prevailing Al in octahedral positions, while proximal samples also show bands of Fe-rich smectites. Mössbauer data confirm that Fe present in the fine fraction of bentonites is fundamentally located in the smectites structure, mainly as octahedrally coordinated Fe(III). Proximal smectites have a considerably more distorted octahedral environment for Fe(III) which probably stemmed from a significant degree of substitution of Al by Fe(III). These results confirm that an alteration process occurred related to the volcanic intrusion which produced an increase in temperature and Fe-rich solutions responsible for the transformation of Al-montmorillonites.
Autophagy in stem cells: repair, remodelling and metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Boya Patricia , Codogno Patrice , Rodriguez-Muela Natalia
Published: February 2018

Autophagy is a catabolic pathway by which cellular components are delivered to the lysosome for degradation and recycling. Autophagy serves as a crucial intracellular quality control and repair mechanism but is also involved in cell remodelling during development and cell differentiation. In addition, mitophagy, the process by which damaged mitochondria undergo autophagy, has emerged as key regulator of cell metabolism. In recent years, a number of studies have revealed roles for autophagy and mitophagy in the regulation of stem cells, which represent the origin for all tissues during embryonic and postnatal development, and contribute to tissue homeostasis and repair throughout adult life. Here, we review these studies, focussing on the latest evidence that supports the quality control, remodelling and metabolic functions of autophagy during the activation, self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic, adult and cancer stem cells.
Personalization in Email Marketing: The Role of Noninformative Advertising Content
Authors: Sahni Navdeep S. , Wheeler S. Christian , Chintagunta Pradeep
Published: February 2018

In collaboration with three companies selling a diverse set of products, we conducted randomized field experiments in which experimentally tailored email ads were sent to millions of individuals. We found consistently that personalizing the emails by adding consumer-specific information (e.g., recipient’s name) benefited the advertisers. Importantly, such content is not likely to be informative about the advertised product or the company. In our main experiment, we found that adding the name of the message recipient to the email’s subject line increased the probability of the recipient opening it by 20% (from 9.05% to 10.80%), which translated to an increase in sales’ leads by 31% (from 0.39% to 0.51%) and a reduction in the number of individuals unsubscribing from the email campaign by 17% (from 1.2% to 1.0%). We present similar experiments conducted with other companies, which show that the effects we document extend from objectives ranging from acquiring new customers to retaining customers who have purchased from the company in the past. Our investigation of several possible mechanisms suggests that such content increases the effort consumers make in processing the other content in the rest of the advertising message. Our paper quantifies the benefits from personalization and sheds light on the role of noninformative advertising content by analyzing several detailed measures of recipient’s interaction with the message. It provides external validity to psychological mechanisms and has clear implications for the firms that are designing their advertising campaigns.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1066 .
Can You Gig It? An Empirical Examination of the Gig Economy and Entrepreneurial Activity
Authors: Burtch Gordon , Carnahan Seth , Greenwood Brad N.
Published: February 2018

We examine how the entry of gig-economy platforms influences local entrepreneurial activity. On the one hand, such platforms may reduce entrepreneurial activity by offering stable employment for the unemployed and underemployed. On the other hand, such platforms may enable entrepreneurial activity by offering work flexibility that allows the entrepreneur to redeploy resources strategically in order to pursue the nascent venture. To resolve this tension, we examine the entry of the ridesharing platform Uber X into local areas. We use two measures of entrepreneurial activity: crowdfunding campaign launches at Kickstarter, the world’s largest reward-based crowdfunding platform, and levels of self-employment from the Current Population Survey. Results indicate a negative and significant relationship between platform entry and both measures of entrepreneurial activity. Importantly, the effect manifests primarily amongst unsuccessful Kickstarter campaigns and unincorporated entrepreneurial ventures, suggesting that gig-economy platforms predominantly reduce lower quality entrepreneurial activity, seemingly by offering viable employment for the unemployed and underemployed. These relationships are corroborated with a first-hand survey conducted with gig-economy service providers.

This paper was accepted by Anandhi Bharadwaj, information systems.
Petrographic Study of Silica-rich Continental Carbonates from São José de Itaboraí Basin (Brazil)
Authors: Valente Brenda Da Silva , Pereira Gustavo Do Couto Ramos , Oliveira Emiliano Castro , Bergamaschi Sergio
Published: February 2018

São José de Itaboraí Basin (SJIB) is located in the city of Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil), at about 60 km from the Rio de Janeiro city. Despite the small size area, about 1.5 km2, this basin represents an important source of scientific knowledge, due to the occurrence of banded carbonates and exuberant fossil assemblages. In the last decade, following the discovery of massive carbonates in South Atlantic Ocean, this basin has attracted the attention due to the presence of continental carbonates, in the form of travertines which are included the Itaboraí Formation. The SJIB carbonate rocks have been recognized as possible analogues of the pre-salt reservoir rocks or at least, similar in their depositional processes. The SJIB travertines were submitted to some diagenetic influence due to the presence of silica rich fluids, similar to that found in pre-salt carbonates. The present research aims to perform a petrographic analysis regarding the silica-rich travertine facies, and to recognize textures and structures in order to provide a better understanding of the relationship between silica and carbonate. The deposits associated with silica are easily characterized by their reddish/brown coloring and their higher resistance, due to the presence of iron oxide and silica replacing the carbonate. In some extreme cases can occur the complete substitution of the carbonate fabric generating silex materials. The relationship between silica and iron oxide/carbonate allowed the development of different structures as the banding formation, probably due to mineralogical and rheological differences during recrystallization. In some regions where the diagenetic process was more intense it could be noticed a complete replacement of the primary carbonate material. While, in other cases, the diagenesis preserved structures and past textures, such as iron oxide mouldic features.
Trabajo Social en la realidad española en los años 1960 a 1980: a la búsqueda de autodefinición y reconocimiento profesional
Authors: Carrara Virgínia Alves , Perelló Miguel Àngel Oliver , Matos-Silveira Rosana , Xavier Marinêz De Oliveira , Aguiar Rafaela De Souza Reis , Bergamo Denise
Published: February 2018

Resumen: En este artículo presentamos los análisis, aún preliminares, de los movimientos contestatarios experimentados por el Trabajo social en España en el período de 1960 a 1980, y que mantienen una relación indisociable con el movimiento macro societario interno de la sociedad española, y externamente, a partir del ingreso del Estado Español en los mecanismos de las políticas internacionales desarrollados especialmente por los Estados Unidos desde los años 1950. Dentro de ese período, el Movimiento de Reconceptualización Latinoamericano fue conocido entre los trabajadores sociales españolas, pero su influencia no se generalizó, apareciendo en segmentos de la profesión con posiciones politizadas más progresistas, reconociendo su importancia y buscando una producción teórica e intervencionista de la profesión adaptada a la realidad española. Palabras-clave: movimiento de reconceptualización; trabajo social en España; movimientos contestatarios; agente de cambio; análisis crítico. Resumo Neste artigo apresentamos as análises, ainda preliminares, dos movimentos contestatórios experimentados pelo Serviço Social na Espanha no período de 1960/1980, e que mantêm relação indissociável com o movimento macrossocietário interno da sociedade espanhola, e externamente, a partir do ingresso do Estado Espanhol nos mecanismos de políticas internacionais desenvolvidos especialmente pelos Estados Unidos, desde os anos 1950. Dentro desse período, o Movimento de Reconceituação Latino-americano foi conhecido entre os trabalhadores sociais espanhóis, mas sua influência não se generalizou, aparecendo em segmentos da profissão com posições politizadas mais progressistas, ora reconhecendo sua importância, ora buscando uma produção teórica e interventiva da profissão adaptada à realidade espanhola. Palavras-Chave: movimento de reconceituação; trabalho social em Espanha; movimentos contestatórios; agente de câmbio; análise crítica. Abstract – In this article we present the preliminary analysis of the contestatory movements experimented by social work in Spain in the period of 1960-1980, which is inseparable from, internally, the Spanish macro-society movement, and externally, the adoption by Spain of international policy mechanisms developed especially by the United States since the 1950s. In this period, the Latin American reconstruction movement was known among Spanish social workers, but its influence was not generalized, appearing in segments of the profession with politicized and more progressive stances. These segments recognized its importance, but also sought a theoretical and interventionist production of the profession adapted to the Spanish scenario. Keywords: reconceptualization movement; social work in Spain; contestatory movements; exchange agent; critical analysis.
Reconceituação do Serviço Social: processo e movimento da Escuela de Trabajo Social da Universidade Católica de Valparaíso
Authors: Faleiros Vicente De Paula
Published: February 2018

Resumo – Este artigo de micro-história reflexiva refere-se à história da mudança do paradigma do Serviço Social funcionalista no processo de reconceituação vivido na Escola de Trabalho Social da Universidade Católica de Valparaíso, no Chile, de 1970 a 1973. Tem por objetivo discutir a fundamentação e a prática do paradigma reconceituado no contexto da experiência chilena de transição para o socialismo com liberdade e da articulação com o marxismo. O relato histórico tem como referência a escrita de uma micro-história na perspectiva de uma análise da totalidade, com base em narrativa pessoal e em documentos da época, conforme sugere Burke (1992), numa perspectiva da sociologia reflexiva (MELUCCI, 2005). A discussão da experiência aponta para a construção de uma articulação do Serviço Social com a ação política comprometida com a transformação das relações de dominação. Palavras-Chave: Reconceituação do Serviço Social; Funcionalismo; Dialética; Experiência Chilena.  Abstract – This reflective microhistory article refers to the history of the paradigm shift of the functionalist social service in the process of reconceptualization lived in the Social Work School of the Catholic University of Valparaíso - Chile from 1970 to 1973. Its purpose is to discuss the fundaments and the practice of the paradigm reconceptualized in the context of the Chilean experience of transition to socialism with freedom and this articulation with Marxism. The historical account has as reference the writing of a microhistory in the perspective of an analysis of the totality, based on personal narrative and documents of the time, as suggested by Burke (1992), from a perspective of reflective sociology (MELUCCI, 2005). The discussion of experience points to the construction of an articulation of social work with political action committed to the transformation of relations of domination.Keywords: Social Work Reconceptualization; Functionalism; Dialectics; Chilean experience.