bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Change on Production and Income of Red Chili Farmers
Authors: Saidah Zumi , Harianto  , Hartoyo Sri , Asmarantaka Ratna Winandi
Published: June 2020

Climate change in the farming of red chili can cause a significant decrease in production as a result of high pest and drought attacks. The study wanted to find out the impact of climate change on the production and income of red chili which was carried out starting from planting to harvest in Garut Regency, West Java Province. Qualitative analysis is used to analyze the use of production inputs in red chili farming. Farmer income is done by analyzing agricultural income, while the factors that influence red Chilean production are analyzed using logistic regression. This finding concludes that the effects of climate change affect production efficiency and red chili income. This can be seen from the large value of the R/C ratio in red chili farming both in the dry season and in the rainy season is still greater than one. This means that the cultivation of red chili is still feasible to be developed. Besides, increased production of red chili farming has the opportunity to be increased by increasing the use of production inputs such as land area, fertilizer and labor use.
The Effectiveness of Fruit Extract and Temperature for In Vitro Culture of Kepok Banana (Musa balbisiana)
Authors: Rachmi D. , Samanhudi  , Purnomo D.
Published: June 2020

Kepok Banana (Musa balbisiana) is beneficial in fulfilling nutrition for it has a high B vitamin complex. Additionally, it is of high economic value as a food processing material. Bananas as processed ingredients for industrial scale are constrained by unsustainable production. Thus, efforts are needed to supply quality, uniform seeds and meet cropping patterns. In vitro culture technique is an innovation in meeting the availability of standardized banana seed sources. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of fruit extracts and temperature differences for in vitro culture in Kepok banana. Murashige and Skoog (MS) base media were used in the multiplication stage with the addition of melon, banana, and papaya extracts (150 g.L−1). The explants were stored at various growth room temperatures (±25, ±28, and ±31°C). The results showed that the Kepok banana explants morphogenesis using MS media enriched with papaya extract gave no difference effectivity result with vitamin synthesis in the parameters of number of shoots (4), number of leaves (7), number of roots (7.3), and length roots (6.3 cm) and showed the highest results with parameter height of plantlets (9 cm). The best condition for the proliferation of Kepok banana explants was room temperature (±28°C).
Factors Affecting The Quality Financial Statement of Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Bumdes)
Authors: Ginanjar Y , Hernita N , Riyadi W , Rahmayani M W
Published: June 2020

Effective and efficient financial management plays an important role in the sustainability of BUMDes (village-owned enterprises). Unfortunately, most of BUMDes financial statements quality vary and not in accordance with the standards. As a result, BUMDes does not run well as it should. This study aims to identify factors causing a different level of quality of financial statements and is conducted using descriptive and verification methods. The population of this research is 150 BUMDes and it applies Slovin’s formula sampling technique to obtain 109 BUMDes research samples spread in various villages in Majalengka Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. Data analysis tools used are research instrument test, classical assumptions, correlations, determination, and hypothesis testing. The results show that the use of information systems, the understanding of accounting standards, and the role of assistance/companion have a significant effect both partially and simultaneously on the quality of financial statements with contributions of 77%.
The Development Strategy of Puncak Damar Ecotourism
Authors: Djuwendah E , Karyani T , Wulandari E , Prakarsa B
Published: June 2020

Sumedang District in West Java is aggressively developing tourism potential. The various types of tourist attractions and the number of visitors in Sumedang have a huge potential for tourism development. Puncak Damar in Sumedang has potential in the development of ecotourism. However, the utilization of ecotourism of Puncak Damar is not ideal yet. This study aimed to seek strategy to develop Puncak Damar-ecotourism-based by conducting SWOT and QSPM analysis. The results of the analysis showed that Puncak Damar had not been ideal yet in developing ecotourism concept since the utilization of the strengths and opportunities had not ideal and could not reduce the weaknesses and threats. The results of the IFE and EFE analysis with a total score of 2,377 and 2,549 respectively indicated that the Puncak damar ecotourism was in the fifth quadrant position. This meant that the strategies used are hold and maintained by product development and penetrating markets. The alternative strategy suggested by this study was to improve the infrastructure and facilities to support ecotourism in maximizing attractiveness and to have a good coordination among managers.
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of An Organic Nanoparticle Synthesized from Gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb) Wood Bark
Authors: Sutrisno  , Alamsyah E M , Syamsudin T S , Purwasasmita B S , Suzuki S , Kobori H
Published: June 2020

The objective of this research is to investigate the characteristics of an organic nanoparticle produced from Gmelina wood bark using ball milling with liquid nitrogen treatment. In this study Gmelina wood bark was converted into nanoparticles using the ball milling method for 96 h and then filtered using four types of sieves (T77, T90, T120, and T200). These nanoparticles were characterized by particle size, morphology, chemical components, functional groups, and crystallinity using TEM, SEM, SEM-EDS, FTIR and XRD. The process resulted in nanosized organic material produced from Gmelina wood bark, with diameter sizes less than 1000 nm. The existence of carbon, oxygen, potassium, and calcium were observed from the SEM-EDS analysis. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of C-O-C in a plane and symmetric band at 829 cm−1for the nanoparticle produced from the T200 sieve type, while not observed in the nanoparticle produced from T77, T90 and T120 of sieve types. The crystalline structure as obtained from the XRD analysis contained calcium oxalate hydrate (C2CaO4.H2O) with a 20 nm crystalline diameter size that was produced using the T77 and T200 sieve types.
Development of Tourism Village Based On Agro-Creative And Disaster Consideration, case of Cikondang Village, Cingambul District, Majalengka Regency
Authors: Fatimah Sri , Wazni Qisthi K.
Published: June 2020

Cikondang Village in Majalengka has the potential to be developed as an Agro-creative tourism village because of agriculture as its dominant land use and also the residents’ matches to the characteristics of creative tourism. Cikondang Village also has the potential based on its tourism attractiveness. However, these potentials are still idle because of less optimum management. This paper aims at assessing the prospect of Cikondang Village to develop into tourism village considering the existing circumstances of Cikondang Village based on the classifications and elements of agro-creative tourism village including disasters. This paper descriptively elaborate primary and secondary data in the analysis mainly in identifying existing potentials and attractiveness of Cikondang Village so that prioritized strategies can be formulated. Primary data is gained based on direct observation and Focus Group Discussion (FGD), while secondary data is obtained from relevant literatures. The result show that Cikondang village has the potential (strength and opportunity) to be an agro-creative tourism village based on agrotourism services and creative tourism characteristics. But note must be given as there are several weaknesses and threats that need improvement in the management sector and collaboration between the government and the community.
Rural Tourism Development: Institution, Disaster and Communication
Authors: Fatimah Sri , Ayu S.K.
Published: June 2020

The emergence of rural tourism began to bloom initiated in various regions in Indonesia, including the Sindulang Village Area. The development of rural tourism is still fluctuating; this is thought to be a result of the still weak institutions at the local scale of the tourist villages. This situation then demands the existence of implementing organization that has independence in management. The development of the Sindulang Tourism Village carries a traditional concept which involves the local community in its management. Efforts to increase the capacity of all elements involved in the development of rural tourism are carried out by the village government. This study aims to assess the capacity building strategies in order to achieve the development potential of tourism villages in Sindulang. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach of a case study. Data and information were obtained through literature review, field observations, and unstructured interviews. The results showed that the development of Sindulang Village tourism through capacity building strategies had an impact on increasing local capacity of human resources, improving village infrastructure, and furthermore the welfare of the local community. An institution framework is identified to implement the rural tourism program and especially in relation to disaster prevention.
Empowering of Young Farmer for Arabica Coffee Farming Business in Simalungun
Authors: Nainggolan Mai Fernando , Nugraha DR , Turnip Arjon
Published: June 2020

Arabica coffee is a global product, and Simalungun arabica coffee is able to compete internationally. The sustainability of the Arabica coffee business depends on young farmers. Young farmers as the next generation of agricultural businesses need special attention so that agricultural products can compete in the global era. The research method uses a qualitative approach with primary data types. The data collection technique was FGD 2 times each followed by 15 young coffee farmers and in-depth interviews with snow ball techniques of 11 young coffee farmers. The research subjects were young farmers who were involved in the coffee business. The results showed: the strategy of empowering young coffee farmers requires two components, namely driving and facilitating factors. The driving factors include: changes in non-market economic systems to markets, changes in client patron systems into markets; opening access to coffee processing tools, shaping the image of young farmers as active and critical agents, placing young coffee farmers as dynamic subjects in building leadership and entrepreneurial character. Facilitating factors include: building collectiveity, organizing young coffee farmers by strengthening social capital, protecting the water and land resource base by implementing good agricultural practices (GAP), diversifying livelihoods, opening market access, counseling and mentoring coffee and information and technology-based coffee businesses. In the free market era (MEA), it is necessary to reposition young coffee farmers from producer farmers to supplier farmers.
Cooperative Farming Concept as Business Development Strategy Model of Native Chickens in Province North Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Kalangi J K J , Rintjap A K , Lainawa J
Published: June 2020

The development of native chicken production in North Sulawesi is still very low due to the traditional maintenance system so that it is very influential on the needs of market demand. The aim of this research is to find the right strategy model for management of the development native chicken agribusiness in North Sulawesi.The concept for analysis instrument in strategy management of “cooperative farming” needs four strategies that social engineering, economic engineering, technology engineering and value added engineering.The method in this research is qualitative case study approach, and four stages with qualitative analysis and three stages of strategy formulation.The results of the research,that farmers in North Sulawesi survive with traditional maintenance systems because they feel safe with a small risk of loss. So there needs to be an effort to empower farmers if to make the native chicken farm business to an agribusiness business.
Influence of Body Condition Score on Carcass Characteristics of Cull Bali Cows
Authors: Jelantik I G N , Benu I , Malelak G E M
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of body condition score (BCS) on dressing percentage and carcass characteristics of cull Bali cows. Three groups of Bali cows (n=4) with body condition of 2, 3 and 4 were used in this experiment. They were assigned as BCS2, BCS3 and BCS4, respectively. The animals were slaughtered at the faculty slaughter house. Weight of non-carcass parts (skin, blood, fluck, offal, hide and head) were recorded. Hot carcass was weighed and fabricated into lean, fat and bone of each sub-primal cuts. Results showed that the percentage of non-carcass part did not differ (P>0.05) among cows with different BCS. Dressing percentage of cull Bali cows was improved (P<0.05) from 48% in BCS2 to 58% in BCS3 and BCS4. Front legs and rib were highest in BCS4, meanwhile hind legs did not differ among cows with different BCS. Total lean meat cut was significantly increased (P<0.05) from 36.84% in BCS2 to 40.63 and 41.12% in BCS3 and BCS4 respectively. Meat from hind quarter and rib were highest in BCS3 but tender loin was highest in BCS4. Carcass fat percentage, however, was also significantly increased (P<0.05) in BCS4, while bone was comparable among cows with different BCS. It can be concluded that although carcass and precious primal cuts are higher in cows with BCS 4 but the excessive degree of carcass fatness made slaughtering cull Bali cows is optimal at body condition score less than 4.
The Effect of Cryopreservation Method to the Quality of Bovine Cumulus Cells Primary Culture
Authors: Kaiin E M , Uazalia S , Gunawan M , Wijayanti G E
Published: June 2020

Cumulus cells are play a role as nucleus donor in Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) technology. This study was conducted to find a suitable method for cryopreserving cumulus cells in aim to provide donor cell stock of primary cell culture. The freezing temperature was made at three levels: -20°C, -80 °C, and -196 °C (liquid nitrogen), while cryopreservation was performed by adding cryoprotectants (CPs) that made from 10% Ethylene Glycol (EG) or 10% Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) in Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffer Saline (DPBS) + 20% New Born Calf Serum (NBCS) medium. The results showed that the freezing temperature, cryoprotectants and their interaction had no significant effects on the cell concentration (p>0.05). The cell viability efficiency was decreased significantly when the cell were freezing at -20°C compared to freezing temperature at -80°C and -196°C (p<0.05). The highest cell viability efficiency was obtained from the cell preserved at -196°C using 10% DMSO. The regression test showed that the decrease in temperature will increase the viability efficiency. In conclusion, cumulus cell primary culture can be cryopreserved in temperature of - 80°C and -196°C with CPs of 10% DMSO or 10%EG.
Evaluate Non-Linear Model Logistic, Gompertz, and Weibull: Study Case on Calcium and phosphor Requirements of Laying Hen
Authors: Sholikin M M , Alifian M D , Purba F M , Harahap R P , Jayanegara A , Nahrowi
Published: June 2020

This study was to build and evaluate a non-linear model to describe the macro-mineral requirement of the laying hen. Using micro-mineral (Calcium, Total Phosphor, and Available Phosphor) requirements from 8 to 35 weeks, non-linear (Logistic, Gompertz, and Weibull) models were used to estimate patterns of 644 data from 23 laying hen breeds. Data collected from Hendrix Genetics and Lohmann Tierzucht. Data were converted to metabolism body weight (BW0.75) and transformed using min-max transformation. The non-linear model was run in R-base 3.6.0 using the build-in function nls and SS. The RMSE and MAE used to validate the model. The lowest value states that the model has high uniformity and consistency. The lowest RMSE value (0.0629) of the non-linear model of calcium requirement was Logistic, but the lowest MAE value (0.0401) was Weibull. The lowest RMSE and MAE values of the non-linear model of the total phosphor requirement were Weibull models with values of 0.0554 and 0.0424, respectively. The lowest RMSE and MAE values of the non-linear model of the available phosphor requirement were Weibull models with values of 0.0689 and 0.0568, respectively. Therefore, based on the RMSE and MAE, the macro-mineral can accurately be described by the Weibull model.
Milk Quality Distribution of Dairy Cattle at Local Farm in West Java
Authors: Yanthi N D , Muladno  , Herlina N , Damayanti R , Anggraeni A , Said S
Published: June 2020

This research aimed to analyze the quality of milk (content and chemical composition) at several local farms in West Java province. Milk is a food that has complete nutritional value in balanced proportion. Good quality of milk contains the composition of fat content, total solids, protein, water and contamination level that meet the criteria in the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 3141.1.2011. The milk quality parameters were analyzed by the FT 120 MilkoScanTM (Foss). The milk was collected as much as 50 ml and then dipped in a milkoScan probe. The parameters observed included pH, specific gravity, fat, protein, water and non-fat dry matter (%). The highest fat content found in milk samples from Subang district i.e. 3.62 ± 1.40. Lembang district has the highest lactose concentration among the other sampling regions which is 4.58 ± 0.22. The highest concentration of dry matter content was found in Subang district (12.57 ± 1.87). The highest value at the content of the non-fat dry ingredients in the Subang area was 8.87 ± 0.70. The milk density from Pangalengan and Lembang were 103 2.44 ± 2.51 and 1032.27 ± 1.74 respectively. The concentration of FPD from the Subang district was 0.55 ± 0.06 (highest results and overreach the SNI value). The highest concentration of acidity was in the Subang district with a value of 7.84 ± 1.41.
Genotyping and Chi-Square Analysis of 967 bp Leptin Gene in Bligon Goat
Authors: Hartatik T , Latifah  , Yuliana R , Kustantinah A
Published: June 2020

Leptin gene has contribution to affect the economical function in livestock such as growth rate and reproduction. The aim of the study was to identify the genetic marker related to growth and reproduction base on single nucleotide polymorphism in Leptin gene as a basic data for genotyping in Bligon goat. Thirty blood sample of Bligon goat have been extracted for DNA analysis. The target sequence of Leptin gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction method. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected at position g.758G/A, g.864C/T, g.1171G/A, dan g.1454G/A. Three out of four SNP can be used for genotyping. Two genotypes at those loci were found in this study. Genotype CC at locus g.864C/T have greater amount than genotype CT. The same result was also for genotype GG at both locus g. 1171G/A and g.1454G/A have higher number than the genotype AG. Frequency of allele C (0.97) and allele G (0.97) at Bligon goat population was higher than allele T (0.03) and alel A (0.03). The chi-square analysis shows that the population of Bligon goat still in genetics equilibrium with the value X2=0,849. This study provided the basic information for genotyping of local goat in Indonesia based on Leptin gene. The association of the genotype in Leptin gene with growth and reproduction trait can be the next agenda research in Bligon goat.
Protein Fraction Profiles on Dry Holstein Cows Vaccinated Using H5N1 Avian Influenza Vaccine
Authors: Esfandiari A , Andriyanto  , Sulaiman S H , Murtini S , Widhyari S D , Wulansari R , Maylina L , Mihardi A P
Published: June 2020

The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of H5N1 avian influenza vaccination on protein fraction profiles of pregnant cows. Dry Holstein cows, clinically healthy, were divided into two groups, control (n=3) and vaccinated (n=7). The vaccinated group were injected by commercial killed avian influenza H5N1 vaccine subcutaneously, four doses/head, three times every two weeks. Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein, starting before the 1st vaccination, repeated every two weeks until calving for the concentration of total protein, albumin, and globulin analysis. Results of this experiment showed that there were no differences in total protein, albumin, and globulin concentration between groups and time of vaccination (P>0.05). In conclusion, the vaccination on dry Holstein cows using commercial killed avian influenza H5N1 vaccine three times before calving does not influence the profiles of protein fraction.
The Effect of Fresh and Hay Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Supplementation on Carcass Quality of Hybrid Duck
Authors: Suwignyo B , Suryanto E , Sasongko H , Erwanto Y , Rini E A
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to determine the effect of alfalfa fresh or hay supplementation in the diets on the meat quality of hybrid duck. 75 hybrid ducks with 3 treatments and 5 replications were used in this study. Each replication consisted of 5 ducks. The diets were used in the trial consisted of P0 = Basal diets without alfalfa supplementation, P1 = Basal diets + 6% fresh alfalfa supplementation and P2 = Basal diets + 6% alfalfa hay supplementation. Either fresh or hay alfalfa was computed based on dry matter. Drinking water was given in ad libitum. Parameters observed were live weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, and income. This study was designed with Completely Randomized Design. Data collected were analyzed (Anova) with Statistical Product for Service Solution version 22. Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test was used in the analysis with significant results. Supplementation of 6% fresh and hay alfalfa did not increase live weight, carcass weight and carcass percentage of hybrid duck until the age of 35 days. However, supplementation of alfalfa (fresh or hay) can reduce the feed cost, thus giving impact to income. The highest income was earned from the duck with 6% alfalfa hay supplementation followed by 6% alfalfa fresh and control. It is recommended to sell the live weight of 35 days harvested duck instead of the carcass to raise the income.
The Evaluation of Sunflower Seed Meal as Protein Source in Lamb Ration
Authors: Wijayanti I , Sari A Z Y , Khotijah L
Published: June 2020

Sunflower seeds meal is one of feed ingredient that has crude protein content similar to coconut meal. Sunflower seeds meal contains unsaturated fatty acids and crude fiber in high concentration. In this study we use female lamb as animal model with average of body weight 13.58 ± 1.82 kg and aged 2 to 3 months. The experimental design used a randomized block design (RBD) with 3 treatments and 4 groups, Treatment without addition of sunflower seeds meal (P0), with addition of 10% sunflower seeds meal (P1), and with addition of 15% sunflower seed meal (P2). Based on the results it can be concluded that substitution of sunflower seeds meal in diet did not improve feed consumption, body weight gain, feed efficiency, as well as metabolites of blood glucose and cholesterol. The use of sunflower seed meal in diet up to 15% is still safe for performance of ewes.
The Effect of Bromelain from Pineapple (Ananas comosus) on Increasing Protein Digestibility of Milk Replacer for Lamb
Authors: Putriana L , Bachruddin Z , Hanim C , Kurniawati A , Yusiati L M , Widayati O
Published: June 2020

The research aimed to determine the addition of bromelain for increasing the protein digestibility of milk replacer for lamb. Bromelain extraction from pineapple (Ananas comosus) was precipitated by ammonium sulphate with different concentrations which were 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%; then those samples were dialyzed to obtain the best of specific enzyme activities. Milk replacer formulated by mixing skim powder and soybean meal. The research consisted of three replications for each treatment. The treatments were P0 or milk replacer without enzyme (control), P1 or milk replacer with 5% bromelain addition, and P2 or milk replacer with 10% bromelain addition. Specific enzyme activity from each precipitation, dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), crude protein digestibility (CPD), and crude fibre digestibility (CFD) analysed by ANOVA according to one way complete randomized design and continued by Duncan multiple range test for significant differences due to treatments. The result showed that bromelain from a 50% saturation level of ammonium sulphate had the best of specific enzyme activity compared to other treatments. The addition by 5% of bromelain enzyme increased DMD, OMD, and CPD (P<0.05). In contrast, the addition of bromelain had no significant effect on CFD compared to the control (P>0.05). To conclude, the addition of purified bromelain in terms of the milk replacer increased the nutrient digestibility of milk replacer.
Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Nematode of Cattle in Udapi Hilir Sub-District Manokwari Regency West Papua Province Indonesia
Authors: Purwaningsih  , Palulungan J A , Tethool A N , Noviyanti  , Satrija F , Murtini S
Published: June 2020

This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism (GP), and to determine the effects of age, sex, body condition score and different rearing system to the risk of infection of gastrointestinal nematode in cattle. A purposive sampling was carried out from April to May 2019 in and around Udapi Hilir Sub-district Manokwari Regency. A total of 120 faecal samples of cattle of different sexes and ages were collected and examined for GI nematode eggs using sedimentation techniques. Out of these, 46 (38.33%) animals were found positive for one or mixed GI nematode infection. The result of fecal examination revealed eggs of Strongyle-type, Strongyloid, Ascaris and Trichuris species. Cattle infected one-parasite eggs were more common (82.61%) than those harbouring two (15.22%) or three (2.17%). Four G1 nematode parasite egg-types were detected; Strongyloid (30.43%), Strongyle (80.44%), Ascaris (8.69%), and Trichuris spp (6.52%). The intensity of the gastrointestinal nematode infections was light in most animals, the overall mean nematode burden being 426 epg (range 50-7,850). This study showed that there was no association (P>0.05), indicating that the prevalence was similar in the different age, sex, body conditions score, and rearing system. The prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode infection was higher in traditional rearing system cattle as compared to that of palm cattle, but the difference was non-significant (P>0.05). Therefore, prevention of cattle from these gastrointestinal nematode infection using an improved feeding and management of cattle should be attempted.
Effect of Tomato Powder and Sepiolite to Liver Damage in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Aflatoxin
Authors: Purnama N W , Sjofjan O , Widodo E
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of adding combination of tomato powder (TP) and sepiolite to feed with aflatoxin contaminated corn on liver damage of broiler chickens. The method was in vivo experiment by using a Completely Randomized Design with 7 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments consisted of T0=positive control (corn contaminated 10 ppb aflatoxin), T1=negative control (corn contaminated 102.5 ppb), P2=P1+0.25% sepiolite, P3 = P2+0.5% TT, P4 = T2+1% TP, T5=T2+1.5% TP, and T6 = T2+2% TP. The measured variable were SGPT, SGOT and liver histopathological change according to Manja Roenigk scoring. The data were analysed by ANOVA and continued with Duncan’s multiple range test. The result showed that the highest SGPT level (P<0.01) was in T2 (8.13±0.12) and the lowest was in T4(4.67±0.31). The treatments did not affect to SGOT levels. The lowest level of liver damage (P<0.01) according to Manja Roenigk score was in T5 (230±17,80). The conclusion of this research was addition of 0.25% sepiolite and 1% tomato powder in feed with aflatoxin contaminated corn decrease the liver damage in broilers.
Body Weight and Body Measurement Characteristics of Seven Goat Breeds in Indonesia
Authors: Kusminanto R Y , Alawiansyah A , Pramono A , Sutarno  , Cahyadi M
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was to characterize body weight and body measurement traits of seven goat breeds developing in Indonesia. A total of 202 goats (Boer, Peranakan Ettawa (PE), Bligon, Kacang, Gembrong, Boerja, and Kejobong breeds) were used. Body weight (BW), body length (BL), withers height (WH), and chest girth (CG) were measured. The data were analyzed using general the linear model (GLM) by R program. Tukey’s test has been applied to differentiate among breeds. The result showed that BW of Boer breed was 50.73 kg, which belongs to the large breed, PE goat belonged to medium breed with 40.56 kg, and the rest of goat breeds were categorized as small breeds. In term of body measurement traits, BL was significantly different among goat breeds. Boar and PE breeds were completely longer BL than other breeds. Moreover, the PE goat population was found significantly higher WH value than other breeds, except Bligon goat. By following CG value, Boer goat was found having the highest CG value than others. These results suggested that body weight and body measurements were different among seven goat breeds. It may be beneficial for conservation and breeding strategy of Indonesian goats.
Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Fermented Synbiotic Milk Enriched with Inulin at Room Temperature as Functional Drinking Products
Authors: Sawitri M E , Padaga M C , Manab A
Published: June 2020

Fermentation of milk products has been widely known to offer various health benefits to human. In this research, we observe the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of fermented milk fortified with inulin. The observed physicochemical characteristics include color, emulsion stability and activity, while the observed microbiological characteristics include total lactic acid content and total lactic acid bacteria. The fermented milk was divided into two groups, which were fermented milk with 2% inulin fortification (K1), and without inulin fortification (K0) as the control. All of the data were then analyzed with ANOVA. This research concludes that 2% inulin fortification can improve the physical characteristics of synbiotic fermented milk at room temperature which was needed to support consumer acceptability of the functional drinking product.
The Effect of Feed Protein Level on Feed Consumption, Body Weight Gain and Feed Conversion of Finisher Java Super Male Chicken
Authors: Muharlien  , Nursita I W , Pangestu V M
Published: June 2020

The research was conducted to determine the effect of feed protein level on feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion of finisher male Super Java chicken. The materials used were 168 male Super Java chick of 3 weeks old and average body weight 154.34 ± 9.74 g. and give treatment at 3 until 8 weeks. The method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments (P1: 14%; P2: 16%; P3: 18% and P4: 20%) and 6 replications. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and if the result show significatly different than continued by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result showed that the higher protein level in the feed resulted in increased (P<0.01) feed consumption and body weight gain but reduced feed conversion. It can be concluded that the best level is P4 with 20% protein level with feed consumption of 2066,83 ± 78,91 g, body weight gain of 638,79 ± 24,32 g and feed conversion of 3,29 ± 0,08 (during observation with the age of 3 untill 8 weeks).
Adsorbents Abilities to Purify Animal Manure Biogas into Biomethane
Authors: Junus M , Tiffany M , Rizal F
Published: June 2020

This research aimed to 1). perceive the abilities of various types of adsorbents towards the percentage of CH4 (biomethane) and 2). determine the potential types of adsorbents to increase the percentage of CH4. The first experiment was P which consisted of P0, P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5; each of them contained grit of chicken waste adsorbent (BLAR) and chicken eggshell (CTAR). Then, the second experiment was T which consisted of T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5; each of them contained BLAR and hydrated lime (KP). The measured variables were (1). biogas volume (dm3), (2). filtration rate (second), (3). percentage of filtered CO2, (4). percentage of CH4 produced. The observation results from the first and second experiment had a highly significant effect (P <0.01) on all four variables except for the second experiment on the biogas filtration rate which had a significant effect (P <0.05). Thus, it could be concluded that (1). P1, P2, P4, and T2 were the adsorbents which were able to purify animal manure biogas into biomethane and (2). the potential adsorbent in filtering biogas was 100% BLAR or the addition of CTAR or KP up to 75%.
Evaluation of Curcumin as An Additive on Egg Yolk Pigmentation of White Laying Hens
Authors: Nuningtyas Y F , Chang H L , Lin M J , Widodo E
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this experiment was to know the effect of curcumin on egg yolk pigmentation of white laying hens. In this experiment were used thirty-two (32) of Lohman LSL-lite white laying hens, there were reared on the bateray cages with the comerrcial feed and differences by the treatment with the addition of curcumin on the water. Level of the addition curcumin was divided into 4 treatments and 8 replications on each treatment. Treatments were used 0 ml (control), 1 ml, 2ml, and 3 ml of curcumin on every 100 ml water. Eggs were collected everyday, respectively. Color stability of eggs were analyzed every weeks start from 23-28 weeks. Data was analyze using GLM in a windows-based software package, SAS version 9.1 and the differences were tested by LSM. L*, a*, and b* values were used to calculate the reflectance colorimeter of fresh egg yolk. The addition of 2 ml curcumin/100 ml water (2%) has significantly effect on reflectance colorimetry consist of lightness, redness and yellowness. The addition of 3 ml curcumin/100 ml water (3 %) has significantly improved on the color stability. The conclusions of this research showed that the used curcumin as feed adidtive has the ability to improved reflectance colorimetry and color stability of egg.
Effect of Pollard and Soybean Meal Protected with Condensed Tannin in Concentrate on In Vitro Gas Production
Authors: Chuzaemi S , Mashudi  , Eryantristan H , Huda A N
Published: June 2020

The method used in this study was in vitro gas production. Data were analyzed using a nested randomized block design with 4 inclusion levels of condensed tannin (CT) in pollard (P) and soybean meal (SBM). The treatments consisted of P0: pollard + 0% CT, P2: pollard + 2% CT, P4: pollard + 4% CT, P6: pollard + 6% CT, SBM0 = SBM + 0% CT, SBM2: SBM + 2% CT, SBM4: SBM + 4% CT, SBM6: SBM + 6% CT. The diet consisted of maize stover and concentrate. Variables measured were in vitro cumulative gas production, b value (gas production from undissolved material but potentially degraded), and c value (gas production rate from potentially degraded material). The results indicated the highest cumulative gas production was achieved in P0 and SBM0 with 140.89 and 125.83 ml/500 mg dry matter, respectively. While the lowest one was in P6 and SBM6 with 106.10 and 100.26 ml/500 mg dry matter, respectively. The highest b value was observed in P0 and SBM0 with 154.14 and 139.01 ml/500 mg dry matter, respectively. The c value was not significantly differed among treatments. It could be concluded that the CT inclusion is beneficial to decrease in vitro cumulative gas production and b value of pollard and soybean meal.
The Effect of EM-4 on Sugarcane Top Silage (Saccharum officinarum Linn) on Nutritive Value and In Vitro Nutrients Digestibility
Authors: Hartutik  , Sudarwati H , Putri F A , Oktadela G A
Published: June 2020

The utilization of agriculture by-product is one of alternative to be used as main feed source for ruminant forage, although the nutrient content in sugarcane is still classified as low-quality feed. One of alternative measure to optimise using sugarcane by-product is making silage. Therefore, making silage from the sugarcane top is one attempt to enhancement the nutrient value. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the addition of EM4 on sugarcane top silage. The method used in this study was in vitro digestibility. Variables measured in this study were nutrient content, fiber components, feed digestibility and gas production in vitro. The result showed that sugarcane top silage with a treatment period of 7 days incubation (T1) was the best treatment with CF value of 9.33%, fiber component 46.56% ADF and 70.27% NDF, DMD value of 45.77% and OMD 66.78%, the total value of 96 hours gas production was 87.70 ml/500 mg DM, the value of gas production potential was 103.30 ml/500 mg DM, the rate of gas production was 0.0217 ml/hour, the degradation value of DM by 40.03% and degradation of organic matter by 52.75%, so it can be concluded that the use of EM-4 and bran in the production of sugarcane top silage can shorten the incubation time.
Germination of Seven Different Sorghum Varieties for Hydroponic Sorghum Forage Production as Feed
Authors: Jaliyah A K , Subagiyo I , Chuzaemi S , Marjuki
Published: June 2020

This study aims to evaluate the germination and growth rate of seven sorghum varieties, namely KD4, Super 1, Super 2, Pahat, Samurai 1, Samurai 2 and Black Sorghum Rote Island cultivars as a reference for hydroponic sorghum forage production. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Breeding in the Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. The experiment used a completely randomized design with the seven different sorghum varieties as treatments and 4 replications. The seven sorghum varieties were evaluated for their germination and growth rate using Rolled Paper Test method in plastic sheet (UKDdp) in a germinator machine. The parameters were the percentage of germination, daily germination rate and percentage of normal shoots. Data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the treatments gave highly significant effect (P<0.01) on the percentage of germination, where Super 2 variety showed the highest germination percentage of 95%, daily germination rate of 22.03%, and percentage of normal shoots of 88.00%. While Black Sorghum variety of Rote Island cultivar showed the lowest values for all of the three parameter, i.e. 0%. percentage of germination, i.e. 0%. Black sorghum variety has very hard seed coat that prevent water immersion into the seeds during germination test. Thus, the seeds of Super 2 sorghum variety must be the best seeds variety for hydroponic sorghum forage production.
The Effect of Parity on Colostrum Quality of Friesian Holstein Crossbred Cows in Indonesia
Authors: Djoharjani T , Ridhowi A , Kemal S
Published: June 2020

A study was conducted to figure out the colostrum quality at first milking from various parity of Friesian Holstein crossbred cows in rural area of Ngantang, Malang Regency, East Java. Colostrum quality was determined using Brix Refractometer (%). Thirty cows from first to fifth parity were used in this study. Each parity consisted of 6 cows. The colostrum samples were taken from first milking of each teat of the cows. The experimental method was using a Nested in Completely Randomized Design with parity as the treatment and teats position were nested to the parity. The data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if there was a significant difference in the averages it was continued by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that parity had a significant effect (P< 0.01) on the colostum quality, in which the higher the parity, the better the colostrum quality, from second parity (26.88 ± 1.20% Brix) to fifth parity (29.46 ± 1.68% Brix). However, that of first parity (28.92 ± 1.46% Brix) was higher than second parity. While the teats position were not significantly affect the colostrum quality, but there was a tendency that the rear teats had better colostrum quality than the front teats.
Social Network Analysis of Beef Cattle Business
Authors: Putritamara J A , Azizah S , Sari N P
Published: June 2020

The research purpose of analyzing the role of beef cattle stakeholders based on participation in communication and structure of the communication network based on the interests and roles of the actors. Actors involved include farmers, brokers, agency local area farms, and slaughterhouses selected by snowball sampling. Data analysis used UCINET 6,682, which a specific open-source software analyzes communication network patterns. The results showed the highest in-degree value 100% for communication between farmers relating to the development of beef cattle business, which means the role of farmers in this communication was high and the highest out-degree value of 55.66% was related to communication between the party and services to farmers, which means the farmer communication network structure with broker was high. The lowest in degree value was 33.33% related to the distribution of information among farmers, and it means that between farmers has no effective communication in delivering new messages about business development and the lowest out-degree value 11.11% with the source and information of communication material development of beef cattle, which means the farmers’ communication network with stakeholders were limited because farmers limit themselves, especially with the livestock service
Effect of Different Pruning Intervals on Nutrient Composition of Vines from Seven Sweet Potato Cultivars
Authors: Thiasari N , Indawan E , Lestari S U , Sasongko P
Published: June 2020

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different pruning intervals on nutrient composition and yield of vines from seven sweet potato cultivars. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. The pruning intervals were 80, 90, 120, and 150 days after planting as the main-plots and the trimming volume of sweet potato vine was 25%. Seven sweet potato cultivars (Kuningan Putih, Beta 2, Kuningan Merah, BIS OP-61, 73 OP-5, BIS OP-61-♀-29 and BIS OP-61-OP-22) were in the sub-plots and allocated at random. Results showed that increasing the pruning intervals increased dry matter, organic matter, and crude fiber significantly. However, ash and crude protein were decreased as the trimming intervals increased. Eter Extract was unaffected by trimming intervals.
Analysis of Some Predictors for Estimating Carcass Weight in Brahman Cross Cattle
Authors: Maylinda S , Busono W
Published: June 2020

Carcass weight is an important variable in beef cattle farm, noting that it can only be measured after being slaughtered. A method to estimate the carcass weight is needed it in order to reduce losses due to incorrect selection of cattle. The aim of this research is to analyze various variables as carcass weight predictors. The study was conducted at PT. KASA Central Lampung through a survey and field research from 145 cattle consisted of 80 heifers and 65 young steer. The data were collected by direct measurement in the field and added with the production records. The measured variables include carcass weight (CW), chest circumference (CC), body length (BL), body height (BH) and body condition score (BCS) which used as carcass weight predictors. All of the collected data were analyzed with linear and multiple regression to determine the predictors equation, and with one-way classification ANOVA with unbalanced model design by using Minitab software version 13.1. The results showed that sex significantly affect the carcass weight, and the predictors (CC, BL, BH and BCS) analysis showed that all predictors have very high accuracy (P<0.01) by using linear regression. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (R2adj. is 89.7% for CC, 71.2% for BL, 85.3% for BH, 71.6% for BCS) is lower than multiple regression in predicting the carcass weight (CW = - 470 + 0.748 CC + 0.878 BL + 2.23 BH + 15.5 BCS), with the coefficient of determination at R2adj.>90%. The research concludes that the use of multiple regression with CW, CC, BL, BH, and BCS as predictors in the function would be more accurate compared to the linear regression with similar predictor variables.
Sea Cucumber Viscera Hydrolysate as a Potential Animal Feed Supplement
Authors: Babji A S , Lim S J , ‘Aliah D Nur , Nadia M Nurul , Chan C H , Tey C C
Published: June 2020

Among the seafood items, Sea Cucumbers are one of those popular seafood products in the Chinese community, fetching with reasonable high pricing. A major issue with Sea Cucumber is the waste generated up to 30-40% waste. Sea Cucumber internal Organs (SCiO) and washed water, containing soluble components usually discarded as waste in the industry has considerable amount of nutritional components. A preliminary study by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) research team recently discovered that, on dry weight basis, the SCiO contains 50.27% and 22.16% of protein and fat contents respectively. Amino Acids Profile (AAP), Fatty Acids Profile (FAP), soluble minerals and peptides of the various components obtained from the processing steps, i.e., hydrolysis, filtration, membrane separation, concentration and finally spray drying and/or freeze-drying of the SCiO were determined. Overall, SCiO contains all the 9 essential amino acids, which corresponds to 36.65 ± 0.06 % of the total amino acids. Aside from that, the SCiO oil contains 39.76 ± 0.29 % saturated fatty acids, 26.86 ± 0.01 % monounsaturated fatty acids, and 33.39 ± 0.28 % polyunsaturated fatty acids. Interestingly, the Omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (C20:5n3), an essential fatty acid, was found to be the major fatty acid of SCiO hydrolysates, amounting to 27.60 ± 0.14 % of total oil content. This corresponds to approximately 6.5-7.2% of the SCiO hydrolysates being EPA, which is high and valuable, especially coming from a waste material. Thus, there is a huge potential to recover these functional components, together with the other potential functional properties, from the SCiO hydrolysate that may contribute as animal nutritional feed supplement.
Effect of Different Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) Levels on the Sperm Viability of Ongole Cross Bred Bull during 5°C Storage
Authors: Rachmawati A , Ismaya  , Widyobroto B P , Bintara S , Susilawati T
Published: June 2020

Improving the productivity and genetic quality of local cattle, especially Ongole Cross Bred (known as PO) is applied through Artificial Insemination (AI). The success of AI must be supported by semen quality. Semen processing at 5°C can cause sperm membrane damage resulting in decreased semen quality, especially the viability of sperm. This results in reduced sperm fertility at the time of fertilization with the ovum. Viability is an important indicator for cold semen processing. The use of semen diluents, Cauda Epididymal Plasma-2 (CEP-2), has been shown to be able to maintain semen quality during storage at 5°C. The addition of BSA as an extracellular cryoprotectant supported the function of egg yolk in CEP-2 to prevent cold shock during storage. This study used fresh ejaculate of PO bull with a minimum requirement of 80% viability. The ejaculate was diluted by CEP-2 with BSA level 0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8 and 1%. The diluted ejaculate was stored for eight days at 5°C. The results showed that the viability of sperm fluctuated in line with the length of storage at each level of BSA. Significant influence of BSA on sperm viability occurred at storage day 4 (83.29±3.53)% at 1% level and day 8 (89.36±2.65)% at 0.2 % level (P <0.01). The conclusion was the BSA 0.2% level maintains the highest viability of sperm during eight days of storage. Suggestion for further research was the need for research on motility and abnormality as a support for the successful processing of liquid semen.