bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mục lục tạp chí Cộng sản số 787 (5-2008)
Authors: Pape Helpe
Published: February 2021

Công tác thông tin đối ngoại là một bộ phận quan trọng trong hoạt động đối ngoại của Đảng và Nhà nước Việt Nam. Cùng với sự đi lên của đất nước, công tác thông tin đối ngoại đã có bước phát triển mạnh mẽ góp phần quan trọng chuyển tải đến thế giới thông tin và hình ảnh một Việt Nam đổi mới, hội nhập thành công và giàu tiềm năng hợp tác. Tuy nhiên, so với yêu cầu của tình hình mới, công tác thông tin đối ngoại đứng trước những cơ hội và thách thức mới, đòi hỏi phải có những biện pháp nhằm tiếp tục đổi mới và nâng cao hiệu quả của công tác này.
Ba giai đoạn xuất bản quốc tế của giới học thuật Việt Nam
Authors: Pape Helpe
Published: February 2021

Trong giai đoạn 1986-2008, xuất bản quốc tế hầu như không tồn tại trong giới học thuật Việt Nam, ngoại trừ ngành Toán. Kể từ năm 2008, sự xuất hiện của Quỹ phát triển Khoa học và Công nghệ Quốc gia đã thúc đẩy quá trình xuất bản quốc tế; đồng thời, việc nâng cao nhận thức về tầm quan trọng của xuất bản quốc tế cũng là bàn đạp cho năng suất xuất bản sau này.
The Nature of Light: What Hidden Behind Young's Double-Slit Experiment?
Authors: Huang X. Q.
Published: February 2021

We experimentally prove that the famous single- and double-slit experimentsare the scattered-light phase transition by slit edges rather thanthe conventional view of the transmitted-light effect by slits. Thenature of the wave-particle duality of light quanta can be well understoodwith the help of the dynamic hypothesis of the quantized chiral photons havingan intrinsic dual-energy (implicit electric field energy and hiddenmagnetic field energy) cyclic exchange property. With the suggestedtheoretical framework, the experimental diffraction pattern of thesingle slit is analytically determined and numerically confirmed.
Perilaku Merokok Pada Remaja
Authors: Rahmawati Widya
Published: February 2021

Perilaku merokok adalah aktivitas menghisap atau menghirup asap rokok dengan menggunakan pipa atau rokok yang dilakukan secara menetap dan terbentuk melalui empat tahap, yaitu: tahap preparation, initiation, becoming a smoker, dan maintenance of smoking (Maman, 2009).Merokok merupakan salah satu masalah yang sulit di pecahkan. Hal ini menjadi sulit, karena berkaitan dengan banyak faktor yang saling memicu, sehingga seolah-olah sudah menjadi lingkaran setan. Terlebih diketahui bahwa sebagian besar adalah remaja, kebiasaan merokok bagi para remaja bermula karena kurangnya informasi dan kesalah pahaman informasi, termakan iklan atau terbujuk rayuan teman. Banyak yang beranggapan bahwa merokok dapat menghilangkan stress. Padahal hal tersebut merupakan sebagian dari efek dari nikotin yang sifatnya memberikan rasa tenang sesaat. Di tinjau dari segi kesehatan, merokok harus di hentikan karena menyebabkan kanker di penyumbatan pembuluh darah yang mengakibatkan kematian, oleh karena itu merokok harus di hentikan sebagai usaha pencegahan sedini mungkin. Sehingga perlu adanya pencegahan dini yang dimulai dari pihak sekolah dan orang tua.
Thang Đo Nỗi Sợ COVID-19 Phiên Bản Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale
Authors: San Van Bui  , Vu Tung Son , Vo Hoang-Long , Van Nguyen Tuan
Published: February 2021

Dựa vào thang đo nỗi sợ Covid-19 (Fear of COVID-19 Scale) của tác giả Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu và cộng sự - được công bố trên tập san International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8), chúng tôi đã dịch bộ công cụ này từ phiên bản ngôn ngữ tiếng anh sang ngôn ngữ tiếng việt.
The N-arachidonyl glycine receptor, GPR18, is differentially expressed in the lymph nodes of patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: February 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the N-arachidonyl glycine receptor, also known as G protein-coupled receptor 18, encoded by GPR18, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. GPR18 mRNA was present at increased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of GPR18 in primary tumors of the breast was significantly correlated with patient overall survival, in lymph node positive but not lymph node negative patients. Modulation of GPR18 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Bahaya Rokok Bagi Kesehatan Dan Cara Mengatasinya
Authors: RINALDHI IWONG ARI
Published: February 2021

AbstrakPerludiketahuibahwa,merokoktidakbaikuntukkesehatanbaikitukesehatandirisendirimaupunkesehatanorang-orangdisekitarperokoktersebut.Danpadabungkuskemasanrokokjugasudahmenerangkanbahwamerokokdapatmenyebabkankanker,seranganjantung,impotensi,gangguankehamilandanjanin.Rokokmerupakansuatubarangyangtelahmenjadihalyangberbahayabagitubuhdanorangsekita
Seasonal Arctic sea ice forecasting with probabilistic deep learning
Authors: Andersson Tom , Hosking J. , Pérez-Ortiz Maria , Paige Brooks , Elliott Andrew , Russell Chris , Law Stephen , Jones Dan , Wilkinson Jeremy , Phillips Tony , Tietsche Steffen , Sarojini Beena , Blanchard-Wrigglesworth Eduardo , Aksenov Yevgeny , Downie Rod , Shuckburgh Emily
Published: February 2021

Anthropogenic warming has led to an unprecedented year-round reduction in Arctic sea ice extent. This has far-reaching consequences for indigenous and local communities, polar ecosystems, and global climate, motivating the need for accurate seasonal sea ice forecasts. While physics-based dynamical models can successfully forecast sea ice concentration several weeks ahead, they struggle to outperform simple statistical models at longer lead times. We present a probabilistic, deep learning sea ice forecasting system, IceNet. The system has been trained on climate simulations and observational data to forecast the next 6 months of monthly-averaged sea ice concentration maps. We show that IceNet advances the range of accurate sea ice forecasts, outperforming a state-of-the-art dynamical model in seasonal forecasts of summer sea ice, particularly for extreme sea ice events. This step-change in sea ice forecasting ability brings us closer to conservation tools that mitigate risks associated with rapid sea ice loss.
The Effect of Social Anxiety on the Acquisition and Extinction of Low-Cost Avoidance
Authors: Wake Shannon Jade , van Reekum Carien M. , Dodd Helen
Published: February 2021

Excessive avoidance and safety behaviours are a hallmark feature of social anxiety disorder. However, the conditioning and extinction of avoidance behaviour in social anxiety is understudied. Here, we examined the effect of individual differences in social anxiety on low-cost operant avoidance conditioning and extinction in 80 female participants. We employed an avoidance conditioning and extinction paradigm and measured skin conductance response, threat expectancy ratings and avoidance behaviour throughout the task. Findings demonstrated that elevated levels of social anxiety predicted the generalisation of conditioned avoidance responses across to safety cues during avoidance conditioning. When the opportunity to avoid was returned after extinction learning, elevated social anxiety was associated with increased avoidance behaviour to both threat and safety cues. The results suggest that compromised extinction of avoidance behaviour is a characteristic of social anxiety and supports the strategy of minimising avoidance and safety behaviours during exposure therapy for the treatment of social anxiety disorder. Future research should utilise the avoidance conditioning and extinction paradigm as a laboratory model for clinical research to investigate how, and under what circumstances, the extinction of avoidance and safety behaviours can be improved for individuals high in social anxiety.
Storm Clouds and Silver Linings: Impacts of COVID-19 and Daily Emotional Health in Adolescent Girls
Authors: Silk Jennifer Susan , Scott Lori , Hutchinson Emily Anne , Lu Celine , Sequeira Stefanie , McKone Kirsten M.P. , B. Quyen , Ladouceur Cecile
Published: February 2021

Objective: Changes to daily life resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have the potential to contribute to adolescent girls’ emotional health in both positive and negative ways, but the effects of these profound changes on adolescent daily functioning are unknown. Method: We conducted a 10-day daily diary study in a sample of 93 U.S. adolescent girls (aged 12-17) enriched for temperamental risk for anxiety and depression. The study was conducted in April/May 2020 when all participants were under state-issued stay-at-home orders. Girls provided daily reports of positive and negative affect, depressive and anxious symptoms, activities, and positive and negative impacts resulting from the pandemic. Results: Girls reported engaging in many activities that may contribute to well-being. Positive impacts associated with improved same-day emotional health included spending more time with family, more time to relax, and reduced pressure from school and activities. Negative impacts associated with poorer same-day emotional health included problems with online schooling, lack of space/privacy, lack of a regular schedule, and family conflict. Conclusion: Findings suggest that, when safe and feasible, families and communities should prioritize in-person or quality online schooling, resources and space for learning, promoting daily routines, and spending time with their teens while reducing conflict. The COVID-19 pandemic also appears to have offered many adolescent girls a respite from the chronic stress associated with modern teen life, with time to relax and engage in creative and healthy pursuits showing benefits for daily emotional health, which should be considered following the return to normal life.
Feasibility of Assessing Brain Activity using Mobile, In-home Collection of Electroencephalography: Methods and Analysis
Authors: Troller-Renfree Sonya V. , Morales Santiago , Leach Stephanie , Bowers Maureen , Debnath Ranjan , Fifer William P. , Fox Nathan , Noble Kimberly G.
Published: February 2021

The last decade has seen increased availability of mobile electroencephalography (EEG). These mobile systems enable researchers to conduct data collection “in-context,” reducing participant burden and potentially increasing diversity and representation of research samples. Our research team completed in-home data collection from more than 400 12-month-old infants from low-income backgrounds using a mobile EEG system. In this manuscript, we provide methodological and analytic guidance for the collection of high-quality, mobile EEG in infants. Specifically, we provide insights and recommendations for equipment selection, data collection, and data analysis, highlighting important considerations for selecting a mobile EEG system. Examples include the size of the recording equipment, electrode type, reference types, and available montages. We also highlight important recommendations surrounding preparing a non-standardized recording environment for EEG collection, obtaining informed consent from parents, instructions for parents during capping and recording, stimuli and task design, training researchers, and monitoring data as it comes in. Additionally, we provide access to analysis code and demonstrate the robustness of the data (e.g., split-half reliability) from a recent study using this approach. Finally, we provide recommendations and publicly available resources for future studies aiming to collect mobile EEG.
Competence-based helping: Children’s consideration of need when providing others with help
Authors: Sierksma Jellie , Shutts Kristin
Published: February 2021

When and how other people’s needs influence children’s helping is poorly understood. Here we focus on whether children use information about other people’s competence in their helping. In Study 1 (n = 128, 4-8 years) children could provide help to both an incompetent and a competent target by pushing levers. Although older children helped incompetent targets more than competent targets, younger children helped both targets equally. Two further experiments (n = 20; n = 28) revealed that 4-year-old children understood that the incompetent person needed more help and also understood how they could help. Thus, young children do not, like older children, give more help to those who need it the most. We discuss potential developmental changes toward competence-based helping
People with intellectual disabilities living in care facilities engaging in virtual social contact: A systematic review of the feasibility and effects on well-being
Authors: Bakkum Lianne , Schuengel Carlo , Sterkenburg Paula , Frielink Noud , Embregts Petri , de Schipper Clasien , Brug Annet ten , Tharner Anne
Published: February 2021

During the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, many people with disabilities living in care facilities could not receive visitors. The use of virtual social contact has been recommended by health authorities such as the World Health Organization. This systematic review examined the scientific evidence of the use and feasibility of information and communication technology (ICT) for social contact by people with intellectual disabilities living in care facilities, and potential effects on well-being.
How race and gender shape the development of social prototypes in the United States
Authors: Lei Ryan , Leshin Rachel , Moty Kelsey , Foster-Hanson Emily , Rhodes Marjorie
Published: February 2021

The present studies examined how gender and race information shape children’s prototypes of various social categories. Children (N=543; Mage=5.81, range=2.75 - 10.62; 281 girls, 262 boys; 193 White, 114 Asian, 71 Black, 50 Hispanic, 39 Multiracial, 7 Middle-Eastern, 69 race unreported) most often chose White people as prototypical of boys and men—a pattern that increased with age. For female gender categories, children most often selected a White girl as prototypical of girls, but an Asian woman as prototypical of women. For superordinate social categories (person and kid), children tended to choose members of their own gender as most representative. Overall, the findings reveal how cultural ideologies and identity-based processes interact to shape the development of social prototypes across childhood.
The decline of bars and drinking establishments, 2006-2016
Authors: Mattson Greggor
Published: February 2021

The growth of the food and beverage service industry in the 2010s obscured the decline of one of its sectors: bars and drinking establishments with limited food offerings. This research notepresents 2006-2016 data from the U.S. Census Bureau County Business Patterns, a time periodthat captures industry peaks on either side of the Great Recession of 2008. Data show that whilethe food and beverage service sector as a whole grew by 17.7%, the bar sector decreased by10.5%. City-level data from the 30-largest municipalities show much internal variation in both sectors, but the bar sector’s share of the food and beverage service industry declined in 28 of 30 municipalities under study. Restaurant industry growth in this decade ranged from 5.0% to 48.4%, while bar sector change ranged from -37.7% to an increase of 56.5%. The implications of this changing industry mix and its municipal variation are discussed for future research into the changing food and drink service industry, its role in urban revitalization, strategies for publichealth and safety, and the likely acceleration of these trends due to COVID-19.
Empat Tempat Perempuan dalam Kitab Kuning
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: February 2021

Riset kualitatif tipe desktriptif ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat macam penempatan perempuan dalam kitab kuning, yaitu : (1) melebur dalam lelaki; (2) separuh harga lelaki; (3) sejajar dengan lelaki, dan ; (4) lebih tinggi dibanding lelaki.
Editorial Vol.10(1)
Authors: Jha A. K.
Published: February 2021

Not available.
Nepali Communist Parties in Elections: Participation and Representation
Authors: Shrestha Amrit Kumar
Published: February 2021

The communist parties are not gaining popularity throughout the countries of the world, as they are shrinking. The revolutionary communist forces are in a defensive position, and the reformist communists have failed to achieve good results in the elections. Communist parties are struggling just for their existence in the developed countries. They are not in a decisive position, even in developing countries as well. Nevertheless, communists of Nepal are obtaining popularity through the elections. Although the communists of Nepal are split into many factions, they have been able to win the significant number of seats of electoral offices. This article tries to analyze the position of communist parties in the general elections of Nepal. It examines seven general elections of Nepal held from 1959 to 2017. Facts, which were published by the Elections Commission of Nepal at different times, were the basic sources of information for this article. Similarly, governmental and scholarly publications were also used in the article.
Status of Organization Citizen Behavior (OCB) in Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Niroula Khagendra Bahadur , Chamlagai Ganga Prasad
Published: February 2021

The paper aims to analyze the status of organization citizen behavior in Nepalese Commercial Banks. This study is based on Likert scale data. Twenty-seven questions are entertained in the set of questionnaires containing major demographic variables such as gender, experience, designation and qualifications of employees in sampled commercial banks. Primary data are collected through convenient and snowball sampling. Collected data are analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation, regression model by Andrew Haney’s and Welch‘s ANOVA. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 25 versions is used for the analysis of data. The result indicates that OCB favorably exits in Nepalese commercial banks. All dimensions of OCB have positive correlations among each other. The Welch’s ANOVA posits that all employees of commercial banks have same levels of OCB irrespective of their nature. Further, the study proves that OCB at individual and organizational level significantly impact the composite OCB. Gender and education strengthen the relationship between OCB at individual level and composite OCB but these and other variables do not influence in the relationship of OCB at organizational level and composite OCB.
Employee Motivation in Private Schools of Birgunj Metropolitan City
Authors: Dwibedi Lalan
Published: February 2021

The paper aims to find out which motivational factors can effectively increase employee motivation, to know whether the delivered incentives are sufficient or not and also to know effect of incentives in their performance. Motivation and its influence on organizational performance has always remained highly researched area and have gone through many discussions and repetitions. In this research both exploratory and descriptive research design used to explore employee motivation issues in schools of Birgunj Metropolitan city. Data was collected through Questionnaire and content analysis. It is revealed that motivating factors and motivational packages has positive impact on employee motivation in private schools. The responses of this paper were analyzed and found that monetary and non-monetary both incentives are active tools to motivate workforce. Good salary and allowances have been used as monetary motivators, while, good working environment, freedom to work and recognition as non-monetary motivator. This study has recommended that promotion system of the career development is desired to satisfy and motivate the employee. Moreover, the work appreciation should craft the feeling that they are value for the organization.
एघार नोभेम्बरका कथाहरूमा सामाजिक पर्यावरण Eghara Novemberka Kathama Samajik Paryabaran
Authors: विद्रोही Bidrohee राजेश Rajesh
Published: February 2021

यो अध्ययनएघार नोभेम्बर कथा सङ्ग्रहमा सङ्कलित कथाहरूमा प्रस्तुत सामाजिक पर्यावरणको विश्लेषणमाकेन्द्रित छ । यस अध्ययनमा एघार नोभेम्बरका कथाहरू र समाजको सम्बन्धलाई केलाइएको छ । यस सङ्ग्रहमासङ्कलितअधिकांश कथाहरूले‘लाहुरे–जीवन’ को अँध्यारो पाटोलाई देखाएका छन् । विपन्नताका कारण विदेशीसेनामा भर्ती हुन बाध्य नेपाली नागरिकहरूको सामाजिक पर्यावरण र तिनका पीडालाई उजागर गर्ने यी कथाहरूलेतिनका सङ्घर्ष र विवशतालाई यथार्थपरक ढङ्गमा प्रस्तुत गरेका छन् । कतिपय कथामा सहरिया सामाजिकपर्यावरणको चित्रण गरिएको छ । विपन्न समुदायका बालबालिकाहरूको दयनीय र कारुणिक जीवनको चित्रण,नेपाली समाजमा व्याप्त शासकीय अव्यवस्था र जातीय पहिचानप्रतिको श्रद्धाभावलाई प्रस्तुत गर्न कथाकारलेनेपाली ग्राम्य र सहरी क्षेत्रको सामाजिक पर्यावरणलाई माध्यम बनाएका छन् । नेपाली समाजमा स्थापित लाहुरे–संस्कृति र यसले सामाजिक जीवनमा पारेको नकारात्मक प्रभावलाई सङ्ग्रहका कथाहरूले उद्घाटन गरेका छन् ।सामग्री सङ्कलनका क्रममा एघार नोभेम्बर कथा सङ्ग्रहलाई प्राथमिक स्रोतका रूपमा र कथाहरूबारे गरिएकासमीक्षा–समालोचना र शोध प्रतिवेदनलाई द्वितीय स्रोतका रूपमा लिएर एच.ए. टेनको ‘जाति, पर्यावरण र युग’सम्बन्धी सिद्धान्तका आधारमा गुणात्मक विधिबाट विश्लेषण गरिएको छ ।
Diasporic Characters in Rajab’s Short Stories
Authors: Timalsina Ramji
Published: February 2021

This article has attempted to find how the short stories in Rajab‘s collection entitled Paai [Pie] have depicted the realities in the Diaspora through the presentation of characters. Three stories have been selected from the collection. These short fictions are studied in the light of the theory of characterization in short stories. The analysis concentrates on the diasporic identity related cultural, emotional and existential conditions of the characters. The study has found that all the diasporic characters have undergone different types of problems as per their diverse life situations. Generally, all diasporans have identity crisis related to culture. This crisis is connected with their emotion and existence, too. I have also found that there are three types of main characters: general diasporas, senior citizens and young couples. The general diasporans have been used to show the existential conditions of any diasporan in the host land. The depiction of the senior citizens shows how a new land cannot be a good place for them: Most of them are emotionally shocked and unsettled. Even the young couples who reach the USA using all possible means finally feel frustrated and disoriented. Almost all the characters in these stories are unhappy diasporans. It is hoped that this article will encourage researchers to study other diasporic fictions from the point of view of characterization.
Ocenianie wypowiedzi pisemnej na egzaminie certyfikacyjnym z języka angielskiego (poziom B2) – analiza jakościowa wyników badania projakościowego
Authors: Sujecka-Zając Jolanta , Kucharczyk Radosław
Published: February 2021

The aim of this paper is to reflect on the method of assessing the B2 English writing subtest in the context of English certification exams administered by the University of Warsaw Council for the Certification of Language Proficiency. The paper starts with a brief discussion of two types of assessment: holistic and analytical. Next, the results of a qualitative study conducted among the raters of the English language certification exams are presented. The aim of the study – of a pro-quality nature –was to determine which of the two types of assessment (analytical vs holistic) results in a more reliable and accurate assessment of candidates’ language skills.
Introducing interactive speaking tasks to improve the construct coverage of a test: A welcome change for test users?
Authors: Sobejko Monika
Published: February 2021

The paired format of a speaking test appears to off er a more interactionally symmetric alternative to traditionally used Oral Proficiency Interviews (OPIs) (e.g., Lazaraton, 1992, 1996; van Lier, 1989). Th is article focuses on two paired tasks, a simulated discussion and a problem-solving task, which have been developed to enhance the construct of the speaking test which is currently used at the Jagiellonian Language Centre at the Jagiellonian University.
Konstruowanie egzaminów certyfikacyjnych z języka hebrajskiego – trudności i wyzwania
Authors: Adamczyk Angelika
Published: February 2021

This paper discusses difficulties associated with developing Hebrew certification exams and preparing students to pass the exam in accordance with the CEFR standards. These difficulties are mainly related to the discrepancy between the main assumptions of the Hebrew language teaching methodology in Israel and the requirements for foreign language courses and certification exams at the University of Warsaw.
Formy grzecznościowe w konstruowaniu zadań testowych – analiza autorska na przykładzie języka tureckiego
Authors: Stanek Kamila
Published: February 2021

One of the elements tested during an exam is the ability to interact in particular communication situations. Th is skill is not only based on understanding the senders’ message (i.e. words) and the context of the utterance (situation), but on the knowledge of the conventional typical answer. The Turkish language, which, like most oriental languages, has a very extensive system of polite expressions, forces its users to know about 100 standardized formulas.
Oczekiwania wobec kompetencji językowych żołnierzy a certyfikacja ich biegłości – STANAG 6001
Authors: Iwanowska Anna
Published: February 2021

This paper discusses the specificity of the certification of specialized language varieties. Th e subject of the analysis and reflection is the certification of proficiency in military language according to the STANAG 6001 standards. The paper reviews detailed requirements for the individual linguistic skills, as well as the nature and the design of the exam along with the examples of the tasks for each proficiency level. The discussion is supplemented with teaching implications relevant specifically for the STANAG 6001 exams
Exploiting CEFR descriptors in developing pre-service teachers’ language assessment literacy (Ukrainian context)
Authors: Ukrayinska Olga
Published: February 2021

Teachers and researchers of foreign languages have been concerned about integrating CEFR descriptors into teaching and assessment practices for some time now. Due to its reference nature, the CEFR is open for interpretation and its use therefore requires initial training. Th e chapter presents the theoretical background to such training and sample activities used to help Ukrainian preservice FL teachers to operationalize the CEFR.
Language in assessment: Universalist vs. demotic approaches
Authors: Leung Constant
Published: February 2021

The paper argues that recent research has alerted us to the changing nature of the use of language in communication in contemporary societies. In relation to the assessment of academic writing, particularly with reference to English, it is suggested that there is a need to broaden the concept of construct. I will draw on studies in English as a Lingua Franca and informal logic of argument to support my argument.
How to construct your test: The influence of test length on students’ achievement
Authors: Prosenjak Bojan
Published: February 2021

Our study investigated the difference in achievement between two groups of high school students – those who took shorter tests more frequently, and those who took longer tests less frequently. Both tests types tested listening, reading and writing skills. Th e results showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups, and the participants’ preferences as to the length and frequency of tests indicated a difference of only just above fi ve percentage points in favour of shorter and more frequent tests. Teachers should thus examine their students’ attitudes and motivation, adapt their revision lessons and teaching material accordingly, and construct the most appropriate instrument for testing their students’ achievement.
Assessment of the quality of medical services to relatives of the mentally ill who are in inpatient treatment
Authors: Chorna V. V. , Makhniuk V. M. , Khliestova S. S. , Gumeniuk N. I.
Published: February 2021

The mental state of the mentally ill is one of the most important factors in the treatment of the patient by a medical professional. But aggression, high-pitched communication, indifference of a doctor or health care worker can negatively affect the outcome of treatment and recovery of a patient with mental and behavioral disorders. The problem of modern medical deontology in Ukraine is the stigmatization of health workers to patients with mental disorders, which lead to self-stigmatization of both patients and their families. The purpose of the study is to enable the relatives of mentally ill people undergoing long-term inpatient treatment, to determine the quality of medical services in a psychoneurological hospital, to identify ethical and deontological shortcomings in the doctor’s relationship with relatives of mentally ill person, to determine the level of self-stigmatization in relatives of the patient by medical staff. The analysis of domestic and foreign scientific sources, bibliosemantic, analytical and statistical research methods were used in the work. A questionnaire was conducted (using a specially designed questionnaire) with elements of interviews of 92 respondents (relatives of mentally ill patients who were treated at a psychoneurological hospital in Vinnytsia). The results were processed using the licensed standardized package "Statistica 6.1". The need to comply with state building codes for health care facilities in accordance with European requirements has been proven. This will eliminate the feeling of hopelessness during hospitalization in public psychoneurological hospitals, which are a great trauma for relatives of patients. It has been shown that in order to prevent stigmatization of relatives of patients in psychoneurological hospitals, it is necessary to conduct trainings and interviews after training, which will determine the degree of stigmatization and subsequent preventive measures. It is shown that for relatives of mentally ill on the basis of psychoneurological hospitals it is necessary to equip rooms for psychodiagnostics and further psychocorrection. Development of affordable correctional programs for relatives of patients will reduce maladaptation and improve life satisfaction.
Correlations of linear sizes of molars with cephalometric indicators of practically healthy men of the southern region of Ukraine
Authors: Soboń J. S. , Cherkasova O. V. , Gunas V. I. , Babych L. V. , Kotsyura O. O.
Published: February 2021

The high prevalence of pathologies of the dental and tooth-jaw system both in Ukraine and abroad requires scientists to search for new, fundamental discoveries, in particular, to identify patterns of the relationship between cephalometric and odontometric indicators within certain ethnic populations. The purpose of the study is to establish the features of the correlations of computed tomography sizes of molars with cephalometric parameters of practically healthy men in the southern region of Ukraine. 33 practically healthy men of the first mature age, inhabitants of the southern region of Ukraine (from Mykolayiv, Kherson, Odesa, Zaporizhia regions and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea) underwent cephalometry and cone-beam computed tomography followed by odontometry of molars. The correlations between odonto- and cephalometric parameters were assessed in the license package “Statistica 6.1” using non-parametric Spearman statistics. In almost healthy men of the southern region of Ukraine in the qualitative analysis of multiple nature, mostly direct reliable and medium unreliable correlations, found only between most sizes of molars on the lower jaw and the length and height of the nose. Quantitative analysis revealed the most significant correlations between computed tomography sizes of molars and face sizes (7.4 % on the upper jaw, most of which are inverse, and 13.2 % on the lower jaw, almost evenly straight and inverse). With the indicators of the skull, the relative majority of reliable, mostly inverse correlations are observed with the height of the teeth, their crowns and the length of the roots (on the upper jaw 11.4 %, on the lower jaw 5.4 %); and with indicators of the facial skull – almost evenly with the height of the teeth, their crowns and the length of the roots (on the upper jaw 6.4 %, on the lower jaw 14.6 %, in both cases mostly reverse) and with vestibular-lingual and mesio-distal dimensions (on the upper jaw 8.7 %, mostly reverse, on the lower jaw 11.8 %, mostly straight). The obtained results of correlation analysis of computed tomography sizes of molars with cephalometric indicators and indices confirm the population specificity of the features of the dental system and are necessary for the correct construction of regression models.
Features of translation of some rarely used anthropometric terms from Ukrainian into English
Authors: Cherepakha O.L. , Gadzhula N.G. , Hnenna V.O. , Hrytsenko A.S.
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, anthropometric researches have confidently taken its place in medicine. They are useful not only for health assessment, but also are used in many fields: forensic medicine (to estimate the age of the subject), forensic dentistry (it is an interdiscipline of forensic medicine and dentistry) for the identification of individual and age estimation, dentistry (anthropometric diagnostic methods of dentognathic anomalies and deformations, and there is a potential correlation among number of teeth, chewing ability and anthropometric profile), pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, as well as for the diagnosis of overweight (important indicators of nutritional status in the children and adults), for sports control and for the standardization purpose. The symptoms of many diseases are expressed in anthropometric changes. Unfortunately, in Ukraine there is still no generally accepted translation of anthropometric terms from Ukrainian into English. Often for the same medical anthropological term, different names and definitions are used in foreign scientific works. Therefore, the aim of the work was to unify and standardize the translation of rarely used anthropometric terms from Ukrainian into English, as well as determination of the place of the anthropometric point measurement and its schematic representation. We have used the standardized techniques proposed by Shaparenko P.P. and Burikh M.P. (2000), set out in the “Anthropometric data analysis sets manual” (1994), in the works of Hobbs P.C. (1975) and Brinkley J.F with co-authors (2016), where some anthropometric terms were described that are used when measuring the head, determining the height above the floor of some points of the trunk and upper limb of a person, and anthropometric parameters of the hand. The conclusion is made about the correctness of the proposed translation from Ukrainian into English, considering the specialized terminology. We hope that in the future this list will be supplemented with the new terms related to measurements of the auricle, upper and lower extremities.
The role of sorbents and probiotics in prevention of structural and morphological disorders in the small intestine of animals developing in dysbiosis
Authors: Bobyr V.V. , Stechenko L.O. , Shirobokov V.P. , Nazarchuk O.A. , Rymsha O.V.
Published: February 2021

The past decade is characterized by a noticeable increase in the interest of physicians in all areas of activity in the development of new and improvement of existing approaches to the correction of dysbiotic disorders. Among them, the concept of using probiotics occupies a leading position. At the same time, some enterosorbents, the mechanism of action of which is largely due to the sanitation of the intestinal lumen and due to this improvement of conditions for the vital activity of the physiological microbiota, can be attributed to the group of means of improving the normal microflora. In the context of an increase in the level of resistance to antibacterial agents, the inclusion of enterosorbents in the complex therapy of dysbiosis is an important and pathogenetically justified approach. The aim of the work was to clarify the effectiveness of the use of sorbents and probiotics for the prevention of structural and morphological disorders in the small intestine of white mice developing against the background of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. Electron-microscopic methods showed that in the mucous membrane of the small intestine of mice after using the probiotic “Simbiter” the extinction of manifestations of cytodestructive disorders is observed. In addition, the obtained electron microscopic data, indicating the ability of probiotic drugs with the simultaneous introduction into the body of animals with a complex of antibiotics, to stimulate the body’s immune response. As a result of ultrastructural analysis of the mucous membrane of the small intestine of mice, the formation of dysbiosis in which occurred against the background of the use of enterosorbents, a decrease in the severity of structural damage was found, compared with the group of animals that received only antibiotics. After using “Symbiogel”, activation of plasma cells was registered, which can be an indicator of the inflammatory process and the activity of the immune response in general, as evidenced by the detection of plasma cells with dilated tubules. In general, it should be noted that the use of “Symbiogel” for the prevention of dysbiotic disorders contributes to the formation of a more pronounced immune response, compared with probiotic drugs. So, on the model of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis at the ultrastructural level, the ability of multiprobiotics “Simbiter®” and sorbent “Symbiogel” to reduce cytodestructive changes in the mucous membrane of the small intestine of mice and normalize morphoimunogenesis was proved.
Features correlations of the sizes of molars with cephalometric indicators of men of the western region of Ukraine
Authors: Gunas V.I. , Kotsyura O.O. , Babych L.V. , Shevchuk Yu.G. , Cherkasova O.V.
Published: February 2021

Expanding the theoretical knowledge of medical anthropology in the modern field of dental services is one of the main drivers of progress in the orthodontic field. The only way to successfully develop the relationship of these disciplines is to create and fill a database of normative data and search for correlations between various, both obviously related and, at first glance, completely unrelated structures of the human body. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the relationship between the linear dimensions of molars with the cephalometric parameters of practically healthy men of the first mature age, residents of the western region of Ukraine. Cone-beam computed tomography was performed in 36 practically healthy men of the first mature age, residents of the western region of Ukraine (from Rivne, Volyn, Chernivtsi, Lviv, Ternopil, Khmelnytsky, Ivano-Frankivsk and Zakarpattia regions) followed by odontometry research and cephalometry. Statistical processing of the results was performed in the license package “Statistica 6.1” using non-parametric Spearman’s statistics. As a result of quantitative analysis of reliable and average strength of unreliable correlations of linear computed tomographic sizes of molars with cephalometric indicators and indices of practically healthy men of the western region of Ukraine it is established that the percentage, mainly direct, reliable and average strength of unreliable correlations of linear sizes of molars with cephalometric indices and with indicators of the cerebral or facial skull is almost no different. The largest number of reliable and medium-strength unreliable correlations of linear molars sizes with cranial indices was found with vestibular-lingual and mesio-distal tooth sizes (20.5% with upper molars and 25.0% with lower molars). The highest number of reliable and medium-strength unreliable correlations of linear molars sizes with facial skull indices was found for upper molars with tooth height, crowns and root length (10.8%) and vestibular-lingual and mesio-distal dimensions (12.8%), and for lower molars – only with vestibular-lingual and mesio-distal dimensions (19.4%). The obtained data testify to the prospects of the chosen scientific direction of research, which will further improve the work of physicians in various fields of medicine, including preventive.
Use of azimuthal-invariant Mueller-matrix images of linear dichroism of histological sections of brain substance for diagnosis of hemorrhage genesis
Authors: Garazdiuk M.S. , Dubolazov O.V. , Malanchuk S.M.
Published: February 2021

Differential diagnosis of the cause of death (CD) from ischemic cerebral infarction (ICI), hemorrhages of traumatic (HTG) and non-traumatic (HNG) genesis exclude the violent nature of death. The aim of our work was to develop forensic criteria for hemorrhage differentiation of traumatic and non-traumatic genesis and ICI by azimuthal-invariant Mueller-matrix images of linear dichroism of histological sections of brain substance (HBS). For the study were used native sections of HBS from 130 corpses in the case of: death from coronary heart disease – 40 of native sections (group 1 – control); HTG – 30 sections (group 2), ICI – 30 native sections (group 3), HNG – 30 native sections (group 4). Measuring the coordinate allocation meanings of parameters of polarization in the points of microscopic images was carried out at the location of the standard stokes-polarimeter. The effectiveness of intergroup differentiation of samples of deaths from traumatic hemorrhage and ischemic cerebral infarction reaches a satisfactory level and is 76-83%. Efficiency between group differentiation of samples of deaths from nontraumatic and traumatic hemorrhages reaches a satisfactory level and is 75-82%. As for differentiation between ischemic cerebral infarction and nontraumatic hemorrhages thise method is ineffective.
Patchwork Flap for Immediate Nipple-Areolar Complex Reconstruction
Authors: Z. Cai Elijah , Z. Cai Elijah , Hung Janet , Lee Hanjing , Lim Thiam Chye , Lim Jane
Published: February 2021

Loss of nipple projection is commonly encountered during nipple-areolar reconstruction. The patchwork
flap was developed to overcome this problem. The thickness of the buried dermofat flap can be modified to
the desired nipple projection. Areolar is reconstructed with multiple skin flap islands, which negates the
need for skin grafting. The dimensions of the skin islands can be modified to the desired areolar size.
Respostas na fisiologia da digestão ruminal ao uso de taninos na alimentação de ruminantes
Authors: Tontini Jalise , Silva Joseane Anjos da , Farias Mariana de Souza , Poli Cesar Henrique Espírito Candal
Published: February 2021

The livestock activity in Brazil is basically represented by the pastoral system. However, climatic adversities promote a lack of uniformity in forage supply and quality, leading to greater intensification of production systems. The search for feeding alternatives aiming to improve animal performance has been the object of many researches, such as the use of forages adapted to certain environmental conditions. Generally, these plants may have compounds that alter animal production, either positively or negatively. These compounds include condensed tannins (CT), which are polyphenolic compounds from secondary plant metabolism. At high concentrations (6 to 12% of dry matter (DM)) they reduce palatability, consumption, enzyme activity, protein and carbohydrate digestibility, and consequently reduce animal performance. However, when this consumption is medium or low (2 to 5 % of DM), it allows an efficient use of dietary protein, forming complexes through hydrogen bonds, thus protecting the protein from ruminal degradation, increasing amino acid flow for intestinal absorption. In addition to improving the protein efficiency of the diet, CT can be said to reduce methane production, and bring benefits in the control of gastrointestinal parasites, improves reproductive performance, fetal development, immune system response, serum hormone concentrations, wool production and lactation. The use of plants with low concentration of condensed tannins may be a good nutritional strategy for ruminants, provided that its mechanism of action on protein metabolism is considered. This review aims to provide some answers to the use of CT in ruminant feeding, focusing on changes in rumen digestive physiology, which becomes responsible for the secondary consequences of tannins on animal production.
Eutanásia: Morte Humanitária
Authors: Santos Isabele
Published: February 2021

In veterinary medicine euthanasia is a very common practice, where it aims to interrupt the animal's suffering, due to some pathology that has no cure or painful processes. The word euthanasia according to the dictionary means a death without pain or suffering. Based on the position of being able to carry out this process and also having the competence to be able to evaluate and decide when euthanasia should be carried out, the veterinarian must know what methods and procedures are allowed and prohibited before carrying out this process. As it is still a very controversial procedure for many people to understand, veterinarians end up not receiving all the recognition they deserve, and often for lack of information, after all this is one of the most delicate situations found in this profession. This work aims to gather and expose the maximum amont of information about euthanasia in the literature, and to emphasize that this procedure is bases on legislation, and to be able to clarify that it is a procedure that is necessary to be more debated during academic life, why in professional life the veterinarian life must be prepared to decide when to perform and deal with external factors, such as psychological impacts.
O excesso de carboidrato na dieta do gato doméstico
Authors: BARRETO TARCISIO , Oliveira Fonsêca Anny Gabriele , Dantas Fernanda Ingrid , Da Silva João Antônio , Botêlho Garcia Melina , Silva Bochnakian Mariana , Da Silva Galvíncio Jaqueline
Published: February 2021

Excess carbohydrate in the domestic cat's dietAbstract. Excess carbohydrates consumed in industrial diets by domestic cats can cause various pathologies and harms to the welfare of the animal. The cat is classified as a strict carnivore and therefore has uniqueness in its food. Even with the increasing investment of feed manufacturers, there is no significant scientific information on feline nutrition and nutrient bioavailability. Many brands of feed use more than half of the carbohydrates in the raw material of their feed, however, cats do not have their nutritional needs, affecting their digestibility and forming anti-nutritional factors. Thus, it can be stated that feline nutrition needs to be more scientifically debated and it is necessary that the dietary peculiarities of proteins, lipids, vitamins, as well as a better knowledge of their inherited behavior of wild felines of these animals, must be respected for the most part. health promotion and quality of life.