bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Powers and Specific Features of the Activity of Insurance Agents and Brokers
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law of the Southwest State University, PhD (History), Tsokur Elena F.
Published: December 2020

The article considers the legal status of insurance agents and insurance brokers in the light of recent legislative changes. The provision of insurance services to the population is an urgent topic that requires detailed consideration, especially the legal status of insurance intermediaries causes a lot of discussion. This study examines the legal status, powers and features of insurance agents and insurance brokers. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that it is necessary to introduce legislative amendments to control the activities of insurance intermediaries and to determine the legal status of the document circulation of insurance brokers.
Independent Guarantee and Suretyship: On the Expediency of Establishment of a Sole Private
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Labor, Environmental Law, and Civil Procedure of the Law Institute of the Kemerovo State University (KemSU), Degree-Seeking Student of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure and Private International Law of the Law Institute of the Peoples` Friendship University of Russia (PFUR), Trezubov Egor S.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the advisability of the simultaneous existence of two named personal means of securing obligations — a suretyship and an independent guarantee. Suretyship is a traditional guaranteeing obligation that has arisen in a modern form in the law of Ancient Rome and has been developing for two millennia. In turn, an independent guarantee is the result of the evolution of an artificially created, or rather, copied from foreign banking practice, to solve the problems of the command economy by the Soviet civil law institute of guarantee. As a result of the permanent reform of domestic law of obligations, the introduction of pro-creditor approaches in the practice of resolving disputes related to securing obligations, the borders between the suretyship and an independent guarantee are washed away. Both of these means today assume a third party’s monetary liability in case of a debtor’s malfunction in a secured obligation (suretyship is de jure, and an independent guarantee is de facto). There are obvious tendencies to give the qualities of accessory independence of an independent guarantee and, on the contrary, to the formation of signs of the abstractness of suretyship. In this regard, the author makes an assumption about the further development of personal methods of securing obligations in Russian civil law.
Linguistic Means of Misrepresentation or Fictitious Permissions in Structures of Civil Law Contracts
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Civil and Labor Law, Civil Procedure of the Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, LL.D., Professor, Deryugina Tatyana V.
Published: December 2020

The article raises the problem of the use of language tools in the conclusion of contracts, allowing to mislead contractors. The author analyzes the normative and linguistic prerequisites that contribute to the emergence of the possibility of dual interpretation of treaties. A detailed analysis of the legal doctrine and legal acts is carried out. The attention is focused on the rules of law in which incorrect use of the Russian language can not only lead to double current, but also mislead the subject of interpretation. Indicates the issue of double meaning of legal terms, and different interpretation of concepts from the point of view of the Russian language and the Russian legal language. The author studies various means of the Russian language used in the drafting of the text of contracts. There is a critical attitude to the use of evaluative concepts by the legislator, which do not have a clear semantic content and can vary significantly among different subjects of law. The problem of inclusion in the content of the contract of “as if” dispositive and “as if” permissive rules that mislead the party to the agreement is raised. Analyses of the situation to include the erroneous statements due to incorrect syntactic construction of the text of the article. Proposals are made to eliminate the problems associated with the use of language tools in the conclusion of contracts.
Legal Regulation of Biobanks Activity in Russia
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil and Entrepreneurial Law of the Samara National Research University (Samara University), PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Kryukova Elena S. , Ruzanova Valentina D. ,   Head of the Department of Civil and Entrepreneurial Law of the Samara National Research University (Samara University), PhD (Law), Associate Professor
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the concept and role of biobanks in carrying out genomic research and concludes that it is necessary, on the basis of an agreed conceptual apparatus, to formulate general provisions on the status of subjects with biobanks, on the regime of bio samples and information obtained on their basis. It is proposed to ensure interaction of organizations engaged in biobanking by improving the legal regime of biobanks, forming registers of genetic data and strengthening state control over their activities. The idea is substantiated that the legal regulation of biobanking in Russia should be based on the principles laid down in international acts, ethical rules and doctrine. In the article, considerations were made regarding the need to separate within the framework of the general rules of procedure for the provision of biomaterials and genetic information for scientific purposes, special attention was paid to the procedure for transboundary exchange of information.
On Recovery of Damage as Granting for a Tort Liability
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Civil and Labor Law, Civil Procedure of the Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, LL.D., Professor, Chegovadze Lyudmila A.
Published: December 2020

The article reveals the essence of the categories “harm”, “damage” and “loss”, based on the fact that they are fundamentally different: harm is caused, damage is expressed, losses serve as a method of compensation, when it is impossible or undesirable to compensate in kind. The author concludes that harm and damage is something that is always in the property sphere of the victim, while losses can change their affiliation as a provision under a tort obligation.
Assessment of the safety of chicory root crops during winter storage
Authors: Novikova I. A. , Smirnova I. V. , Vyutnova O. M. , Evseeva E. A. , Polyanina T. Yu. , Ratnikova N. A.
Published: December 2020

Relevance and methods. For the production of chicory seeds, care must be taken not only to obtain a high-grade source material, i.e. varietal seeds and masterbatch root crops, but also to store the resulting root crops in winter with minimal losses. The main requirement for growing mother chicory root crops is the placement of crops on fertile soils that are clean of weeds. Installed. That on podzolized loams the best dose of mineral fertilizers for this crop is N45P120K60, where an increased dose of superphosphate increases the yield and rootability of Queen cells, increases seed productivity for the second year. Materials and methods. The purpose of this work is to analyze the safety of root crops of chicory root and the degree of their damage by root rot during winter storage in plastic bags in burts. The purpose of the study is to identify the best way to store the mother chicory root crops and the effect of reproduction on the rootability of root crops in winter. Questions of storage of the mother material of root chicory were studied in the laboratory of selection and seed production on the example of the Petrovsky variety in 2017-2019. The material for research was the families of chicory of the Petrovsky variety in the control and elite nursery. Results. The obtained data show that when evaluating and selecting families for the purpose of obtaining highly productive seed material, the safety of root crops in long-term winter storage should be taken into account. If its values are low, the entire family should be completely excluded from the process of primary seed production. In selection and seed-growing work, a mandatory component of the assessment should be the safety of root crops during long-term winter storage.
Influence of drop irrigation and ways of primary tillage on yield and quality of fruits of sweet pepper in the conditions of the Republic of Dagestan
Authors: Magomedova D. S. , Kurbanov S. A. , Ramazanov D. M.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. In the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of lowland Dagestan, the beneficial effect of drip irrigation in combination with dump cultivation on the yield and quality of sweet pepper fruits from Moldova proved. Results. It experimentally established that maintaining moisture in the active 0.5 m soil layer during the growing season within 80- 100% of LMC against the background of dump processing to a depth of 0.23-0.25 m led to an increase in yield and biochemical composition of sweet pepper fruits. Differences in the influence of dump and small (0.10-0.12 m) tillage on agrophysical and phytosanitary indicators of fertility of meadow medium loamy soil were revealed. The data showing the inappropriateness of using small-scale cultivation under conditions of irrigated vegetable growing, which leads to a deterioration in the agrophysical indicators of fertility: increase in soil density by 0.05-0.08 t/m3, decrease in the number of water-resistant units by 7,0%, water permeability reduction by 22.0% and water resistance coefficient by 12.9%, 2.1 times increase in planting weed and 212.6% potential soil weed. Of the three studied thresholds of soil moisture (70, 80 and 90% LMC), it was established that the best conditions for plant growth and development, optimization of their photosynthetic activity are created at a humidity threshold of 80% LMC, at which the most efficient use of irrigation water is noted. Drip irrigation with maintaining the pre-irrigation threshold for soil moisture not lower than 80% of against the background of dump processing leads to an increase in the number of fruits on 1 plant, an increase in the mass of 1 fruit, which contributed to an increase in yield to 62 t/ha.
Evaluation of promising varieties of leeks as sources of early maturity, yield, commercial product in the North Caucasus of Russia
Authors: Novikova L. N. , Novikov B. N.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Leek (Allium porrum L.) has been known as a cultivated plant since ancient times. It plays an important role in human nutrition. To increase the interest of the population, increase demand and consumption, as well as widespread and popularize this culture, it is urgent to create new promising varieties of leeks that meet modern requirements and have valuable economically useful traits. The creation of new highly productive varieties is associated with the search for sources of valuable biological and economic traits: productivity, early maturity, yield. The aim of the research was to study collection varieties of leeks, to identify the sources of the necessary valuable traits for their further use in breeding work. Materials and methods. The initial material was 73 samples of leeks of the European subspecies of various ecological and geographical origin from the collection of VIR. The studies were carried out at the collection site of the Krymsk EBS, VIR Branch (Krasnodar Territory, the city of Krymsk). Results. As a result of the study of phenological, biological, morphometric and economic characteristics, the foliage of the plant, the size of its and the false stem of the "leg", productivity and yield were determined. Formed groups of samples by ripeness and use. Comparative assessment of collection samples made it possible to identify the sources of productivity: the weight of the plant and the stem, its diameter and height, the yield of plants and the yield of marketable products. The isolated sources of valuable traits are recommended as a starting material for the selection of leeks.
Influence of methods of forming okra plants on yield in conditions of spring film unheated greenhouses
Authors: Terekhova V. I. , Konstantinovich A. V. , Dyykanova M. E.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Okra is rich in useful substances: carbohydrates, dietary fiber, lipids, amino acids, vitamins A, K, C, mineral salts. The polysaccharides contained in okra fruits are chemically inert, non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible polymers. To expand the range of vegetable products in our country, a study of okra in the summer-autumn turnover in a film greenhouse was carried out. Material and methods. The aim of the research was to substantiate the elements of the technology for growing okra in film unheated soil greenhouses under the conditions of the 3rd light zone. Research was carried out in 2019-2020 on the basis of the Educational and Scientific Production Center "Vegetable Experimental Station named after Edelstein" of Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in the summerautumn turnover in a film unheated ground greenhouse. The objects of the study were the varieties: Damskie palchiki, Krasniy barkhat. Results. Based on the results of studying the effect of the formation of okra varieties in one and two shoots on growth and yield in the conditions of summer-autumn turnover in film soil greenhouses, we recommend growing plants of the Damskie palchiki variety in 2 shoots to obtain the highest fruit yield, Krasniy barkhat plants in one shoot.
Assortment of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) of Belarusian selection for the production of pumpkin oil
Authors: Khleborodov A. Ya. , Pochitskaya I. M. , Provotorova O. S. , Skripkovich P. A.
Published: December 2020

Relevance and methods. Pumpkin fruits and seeds are valuable raw materials for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Of particular value are pumpkin seeds, from which oil and protein products are obtained. The purpose of our research is to identify the best breeding samples of pumpkin in terms of seed yield and pumpkin oil and to study their biochemical composition. The evaluation of 12 samples of pumpkin was carried out according to the main economic and biological characteristics. Results. According to the yield of seeds and the yield of pumpkin oil, the following samples were distinguished: Delta, Golosemyanno-kustovaya, Line 2-3, Line 2-5. The biochemical composition of seed samples with high seed yields was studied in terms of the content of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. A biochemical analysis of pumpkin seed oil for fatty acids, sterols and minerals was carried out. Seeds of hard-barked pumpkin of Belarusian selection are sources of high protein content (34-35%) with a wide range of essential amino acids, fats (43-45.8%), unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, as well as carbohydrates (9.6-11.9%) , a number of vitamins, macro- and microelements.
Variability and heritage of the reaction of promising tomato lines to high temperatures
Authors: Mihnea N. I. , Lupashku G. A. , Cristea N. I. , Cosalic C. V.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. In the Republic of Moldova in recent years, during tomato flowering, air temperature reaches 35°С and higher, which significantly reduces fruit set, yield and product quality, therefore, the creation of varieties resistant to temperature stress is of particular importance. The relevance of the studies is due to the need to identify tomato genotypes resistant to high temperatures, to identify the genetic nature of the variability and degree of inheritance of tomato growth organs when interacting with different temperature conditions. The purpose of the research is to determine the effect of stress temperatures on the organs of growth and development of tomato plants at an early stage of ontogenesis, the degree of genetic, phenotypic variation and inheritance of characters. Materials and methods. The research material was 5 promising lines of tomato with high economically valuable traits. As a standard, a omologated variety Mary Gratefully was used. Four temperature levels were used – optimal (25°С) and stress (38, 40 and 42°С). The length of the germinal root and stem of 7-day-old plants was measured. The experiment was made in 3 replicates. The following were studied: genetic and phenotypic variants, heritability coefficient, phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation, genetic progress. The data were processed in the STATISTICA 7 software package. Results. As a result of the studies, a significant differentiation of the reaction of tomato genotypes to temperature stress was revealed. A significant effect of temperature on the genetic and phenotypic varieties of signs of growth and development of tomato plants, heritability in the broad sense, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, and genetic progress have been established. Of a great interest for further studies are the Mary Gratefully, L 304, L 306 genotypes, which are highly resistant to the studied traits.
The combining ability of new lines of cucumber for the main economically valuable traits
Authors: Borasulov A. M. , Aramov M. H. , Abdullayev F. H. , Mavlyanova R. F.
Published: December 2020

Relevance.To create heterotic cucumber hybrids, it is important to have a high general and specificcombining ability of the initial material, which makes it possible to select valuable genotypes at anearly stage of selection.Material and methods.The research was carried out in 2018-2020. at the Research Institute ofVegetable, Melon Crops and Potatoes, located in the Tashkent region of Uzbekistan (SRIVMC&P).Studied 6 accessions of cucumber. As a result of diallelic crosses, 36 hybrid combinations wereobtained (p2). Hybridological analysis was carried out according to the first Griffing's method, including forward and backcrossing and the use of parental forms (p2). To determine the combining ability,conventional methodologies were used (1,15). Genetic-statistical analyzes were carried out usingthe MS Excel application package.Results.Studies have established that according to the traits "the number of days from seed germination to the opening of female flowers" and "the number of days until the technical ripeness offruits" in all studied cucumber accessions, the ratio (σ2ĝi<σ2si) is observed, where the dominant rolein the inheritance of this trait also belongs to genes with dominant and epistatic effects. The trait“number of fruits per plant” is controlled by dominant and epistatic gene effects (σ2ĝi<σ2si) in almostall cucumber accessions, and in the accession A-6 - by additive gene effects (σ2ĝi<σ2si). Thephenomenon (σ2ĝi<σ2si) was noted for the trait "average fruit weight", where the expression of thetrait is controlled by the dominant and epistatic effects of genes (σ2ĝi<σ2si) in three studied cucumber accessions (C-25/1, A-6 and A-9), and in the other three accessions, additive gene effects (σ2ĝi<σ2si) are more important in inheritance. The trait "productivity of one plant" is controlled by the dominant and epistatic effects of genes (σ2ĝi<σ2si) in the three studied cucumber accessions, and in theother three accessions (C-25/1, A-6 and A-9), genes play a special role for the expression of the traitwith additive effects. Promising hybrid combinations with the best performance for their use as a initial material for breeding have been revealed.
Study of biomorphological features of tulips (Tulipa L.) in the forcing crop
Authors: Voronchikhina I. N. , Shchuklina O. A. , Alenicheva A. D. , Klimenkova I. N. , Klimenkov F. I. , Langaeva N. N. , Zavgorodny S. V.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Morphological features of 10 sorts of tulips in the conditions of early-spring forcing explored. An assessment of the influence of tulip bulb preplanting on the rate of plant growth and development as well as final product yield (cut flowers) taken. Material and methods. 10 varieties of tulips of early and middle-early flowering period: Algarve (DHT), Аvocado (TT), Crispion Sweet (FT), Davenport (FT), Destination (TT), Double Price (DVT), Luba (TT), Surrender (TT), Largo (DVT) и Snowboard (TT) were selected as objects of study. Country of origin - Netherlands. Before planting one part of tulip bulbs were completely peeled of cover scale and the other part were left unpeeled. Each variant of bulb preparation for bedding were evaluated by growth and development rate of plants, as well as the number of cut flowers on the plot. During the growing season, we studied the following morphological characteristics: plant height, flower diameter, flower height, number of leaves. Results. Studies conducted have found that all varieties under research are suitable to early spring forcing and they differ in decorativeness and fully correspond to saleable quality standards. It was found out that in case of complete removing of cover scale, the tulip bulbs root faster, start to bloom faster and give much higher percentage of flowering plants in the plots in comparison with unpeeled samples.
Influence of carbohydrate correction of raw materials on the growth of lactic acid microorganisms in the process of directed fermentation of vegetables
Authors: Semenova J. A. , Posokina N. E. , Tereshonok V. I.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. The use of certain single or mixed cultures of lactic acid microorganisms and the mandatory control of the fermentation process of white cabbage are of great importance to ensure that the product is of stable quality without the need for any chemical preservatives or harsh processing conditions. Carbohydrates contained in raw materials play an important role in this process, since carbohydrates are the main source of maintaining the viability of lactic acid microorganisms. By adjusting the carbohydrate component of raw materials at different stages of fermentation, it is possible to maintain a high titer of microorganisms, while obtaining not only a high-quality product, but also giving it, along with prebiotic (a source of fiber) and probiotic properties. Materials and methods. The purpose of this research work was to ensure the direction of the biotechnological process in the direction of stabilization of the concentration of functional microflora (starting systems of lactic acid microorganisms), under the influence of introduced carbohydrate nutrients. In this work, we studied two fermentation systems of microorganisms that are fundamental microorganisms in the fermentation of cabbage, namely, systems consisting of a pre-fermentation culture of Leuconostoc mesenteroides and one of the cultures of lactobacilli: Lactobacillus plantarum or Lactobacillus brevis. The study used the usual microbiological method for determining the number of microorganisms by seeding in an agarized culture medium, as well as processing experimental data. Results. As a result, we found that the introduction of a carbohydrate Supplement allows us to stabilize the dynamics of changes in the concentration of the studied starting systems at the same initial level throughout the main stage of fermentation.
Nutritive Value of Major Browse Species in East Dembia District, Central Gondar, Ethiopia
Authors: Fekade Muluye , Bayissa Merga , Nurfeta Ajebu
Published: December 2020

Background: Regardless of having ample number of farm animals, its contribution to GDP is limited due to insufficient year round livestock feed supply in terms of quantity and quality, particularly during the dry season. This study was conducted to assess the most commonly used browse species as livestock feed particularly during dry period and to determine their nutritive value from four kebeles of East Dembiya district. Methods: Stratified random sampling was used for the selection of respondents. A total of 12 plots of 20m *20m (400m2) were established at an interval of 200m along the transect line to identify and record the available browse species. The leaves and petioles of A. abyssinica, C. africana, F. thonigii, F. sycomorus, V. amygdolina, M. arbutifolia and A. seyal were collected for chemical analysis. General linear model procedure of SAS was used for statistical analysis. Result: The mean CP content of the browse species ranged from 12.13% (F. sycomorus) to 29.74% (V. amygdolina). The IVDMD varied from 38.5% for M. arbutifolia to 71.67% for F. sycomorus. High gas production from immediately soluble component (a) was recorded for C. africana. The gas production from insoluble but potential degradable fraction (b), production potential (a+b) and organic matter digestibility were higher for F. thounigii but low for V. amygdolina. The browse species in the current study could be used as protein supplements to livestock fed on low quality feeds due to their high levels of crude protein, low fiber contents and high digestibility potentials.
Mandibular and Sublingual Sialoadenectomy to Treat Cervical Sialocele in Dogs
Authors: Kumar Ashwani , Sangwan Vandana , Devi N. Umeshwori , Deshmukh Siddharath
Published: December 2020

Background: Cervical sialocele is one of the most common type of mucoceles. It results from continuous leakage of saliva from the injured duct and/or gland and it is characterized by a gradually growing, fluctuating and painless swelling in the inter-mandibular region or ventrally along the proximal cervical region. Aspiration and drainage are usually inadequate treatments; therefore, surgical ablation of the affected glands along with duct is recommended. Scanty literature on the occurrence and surgical management of cervical sialcocele is traceable in Indian conditions. This clinical study describes mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy to treat idiopathic cervical sialocele in dogs. Methods: This clinical study included seven cases of cervical sialocele in adult dogs. Five cases had unilateral while in two it appeared bilateral. The condition was diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical and cytological findings. Unilateral or bilateral sialoadenectomy of the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands, using lateral surgical approach, was done under general anaesthesia. Result: Lateral surgical approach was found adequate without any intra-operative complications. Histopathology of the resected glands showed normal architecture suggesting possibility of physical trauma as an etiology. All cases recovered uneventfully with no recurrence on the same or contralateral side on follow up of 1 year. This clinical study demonstrated that unilateral or bilateral mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy using lateral surgical approach may be done safely for the successful management of cervical sialocele in dogs.
Nutrient and PGR Based Foliar Feeding for Yield Maximization in Pulses: A Review
Authors: Pooja A.P. , Ameena M.
Published: December 2020

Pulses are the cheapest and pioneer source of protein for human diet. They have immense potential in improving human health, conserving soil, protecting the environment and contributing to global food security. However, productivity of pulses is lower compared to cereals. Application of nutrients via foliage, in addition to recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) and plant growth regulators (PGRs) at critical growth stages is a unique and easy way to increase the pulse productivity by curbing the barriers encountered during flowering and pod setting. Nutrients applied via foliage will be absorbed and translocated into the vascular system and made available for plant metabolism. The commonly used fertilizers for foliar application are urea, DAP, K2SO4 and micronutrient mixtures. Foliar application of PGRs can modify the source-sink relationship by stimulating the photo-assimilate translocation leading higher productivity. PGRs like NAA, IBA, salicylic acid, brassinosteriods etc. are effective for foliar application. Providing nutrients as wells as PGRs are known to enhance the yield by 15-25% compared to soil nutrition alone.
Association Analysis between Polymorphism of GnRH-1 Genes and Carcass Traits of Quail (Coturnix coturnix)
Authors: Bai Junyan , Dong Zhihao , Fan Zhengyu , Wang Xinle , Lei Ying , Pang Youzhi , Zhao Shujuan , Chen Yu , Li Jingyun
Published: December 2020

Background: GnRH-1 mainly exists in hypothalamus and it is vital to gonad development and sexual maturity of animals. This study mainly analyzed the association between GnRH-1 polymorphism and carcass traits of quails, Research conclusions can provide references for breeding of new species of quail. Methods: From 2018 to 2019, 31 female samples of Chinese Yellow quail, beijingbai quail and Korean quail were collected in Luolong District, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China.
SNP mutation sites of GnRH-1 gene were investigated in China yellow quail, Beijing white quail and Korean quail through PCR amplification and DNA sequencing technologys. Moreover, correlation analysis between polymorphism sites of GnRH-1 gene and carcass traits of quail was performed. Result: According to research results, a total of 14 SNP mutation sites of GnRH-1 were detected in China yellow quail, Beijing white quail and Korean quail, which were C71T, C108T, C168T, C178T, A184G, C206T, A209C, C215T, A252G, A279T, C281T, C293G, C339T and C458T. For A209C and C281T, only 2 genotypes were detected in China yellow quail and Beijing white quail, while for the remaining 12 SNP mutation sites, 3 genotypes were detected in three quail species. Correlation analysis showed that A209C, A279T, C281T and C339T were significantly correlated with liver weight (P less than 0.05), A209C, C281T and C339T were significantly correlated with dressing percentage (P less than 0.05), C215T and A279T were significantly correlated with breast muscle weight(whole) (P less than 0.05), A209C was significantly correlated with body weight, dressed carcass weight and whole net carcass weight (P less than 0.05).
Molecular Cloning, Primary Sequence Characterization and Phylogentic Analysis of Cathepsin B cysteine from Sheep (Ovis aries) Ovarian
Authors: Liu Aiju , Liu Menghe , Qi Xin , Ma Xiaofei , Huang Heling , Zhang Limeng , Tian Shujun
Published: December 2020

Background: CathepsinB (CTSB) is a lysosomal cysteine protease which has been implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. However, the sequence and structure characteristics of sheep CTSB gene are still unclear, which severely restricts the further study about genetic variation, molecular evolution. Methods: Therefore the coding sequence (CDS) of sheep CTSB gene from ovary was cloned by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) amplification and regular sequencing technology. The characteristics of nucleotide and amino acid sequence of CTSB gene were analyzed through bioinformatics and the phylogenetic tree was constructed employing the Bayesian inference based on amino acid sequence of different species in this study. Result: A complete coding sequence of 1008 bp of CTSB was obtained from ovary, which encoded 335 amino acids. Functional prediction of CTSB protein suggested that containing five conserved sequence motif sites in which the site of amino acids between 158 and 205 was the most conserved region. Secondary structure analysis showed that á-helices were the major structure at the N-terminus, while random coils were the major structure at the C-terminus. Additionally, the motif II in the random coils, in which two active sites of His278 and Asn298 were located therein, was more conserved. The high similarity of CTSB amino acids alignment between sheep and other species recommended that CTSB was highly conservative in the evolutionary process.
Analysis of Immune Gene Expression in Seabass (Lates calcarifer) Immunized with Inactivated Vaccine against Similar Damselfish Virus
Authors: Sivasankar P. , John K. Riji , George M. Rosalind , Mansoor M. Mohamed , Kumar P. Magesh , Selvamagheswaran M. , Srinivasan A. , Veerabhadran K.
Published: December 2020

Background: Control of viral disease outbreaks in aquaculture and minimizing the loss of production can be achieved by development of effective vaccines. Efficacy of these vaccines can be improved by using adjuvants, immunostimulants or vaccine carriers. In this study, inactivated similar damselfish virus (SRDV) vaccine was prepared and expression profiles of immune related genes against virus challenge of the vaccine were investigated in seabass (Lates calcarifer). Methods: Formalin-inactivated virus vaccine was developed to assess its immune responses to SRDV challenge in fish. The immune response was induced by intra-peritoneal injection with inactivated viral vaccine added Quil-A® adjuvant. The transcriptional levels of immune genes IRF-7 and IL-10 were evaluated in the spleen and kidney of seabass from different groups by quantitative real-time RT-PCR assays. Result: Expression profiles of both genes (IRF-7 and IL-10) in the kidney and spleen of seabass immunized with vaccine added adjuvant were up-regulated at 48 hpi of the virus. In comparison, spleen of seabass immunized with vaccine added adjuvant showed highest expression profiles than kidney. The current study provides evidence for the presence of expression profiles of immune-related genes during the SRDV infection. The study also strongly suggests that Quil-A® adjuvant enhances the immune response of the vaccine candidates.
Use of Beta-tricalcium Phosphate Bone Graft with Collagen Membrane as Guided Bone Regeneration in Long Bone Fractures with Bone Loss in Dogs: A Clinical Study
Authors: Preethi K. , Kumar V. Gireesh , Raghavender K.B.P. , Kumar D. Pramod , Lakshman M.
Published: December 2020

Background: Fractures associated with bone loss requires stabilization with suitable fixation devices, placement of appropriate bone grafts to fill up the bone defects and barrier membranes as space maintainers for enhanced bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bone graft with collagen membrane as guided bone regeneration in long bone fractures with bone loss in dogs. Method: Six dogs with long bone fractures accompanied with bone loss in Radius-ulna, Femur and Tibia were surgically treated with suitable bone plate as internal fixation with β-TCP bone graft along with collagen membrane placed at the fracture site. Conclusion: The application of β-TCP along with collagen membrane for filling the bone defect is extremely simple, convenient and less time consuming and proved to be effective in promoting early bone healing with rapid later phase bone healing and provided osteoconductive support and early resorption.
Effect of LH and Estradiol-17β Supplementation at Different Time Points on In vitro Development of Preantral Follicles in Sheep
Authors: Reddy L.S.S. Varaprasad , Naik B.R. , Sivakumar A.V.N. , Punyakumari B. , Suresh J.
Published: December 2020

Background: Ovarian follicular development and growth are controlled by many hormones and growth factors. Despite the fact that LH and estradiol-17β have been utilized for the in vitro culture of preantral follicles yet, the suitable time points of supplementation of LH and estradiol-17β is not known. Therefore this study aimed to investigate the influence of addition of LH and estradiol-17β at different time points on in vitro development of preantral follicles (PFs’) in sheep. Method: Preantral follicles isolated from the ovarian cortical slices using micro dissection method were cultured for six days in Bicarbonate buffered Tissue culture medium 199B (TCM 199B) or in a standard culture medium supplemented with LH (2 μg/ml) and estradiol-17β (5 ng/ml) at different points during the culture period. COCs isolated from the follicles at the end of six day culture in different treatments were subjected to in vitro maturation for additional 24h. Result: Supplementation of LH and estradiol-17β during last two days of the culture supported better proportion of PFs’ exhibiting growth whereas supplementation of LH and estradiol-17β during first two days of the culture supported better average increase in diameter and proportion of PFs’ exhibiting antrum formation at the end of six day culture. Further the oocytes in COCs isolated at the end of culture in these treatments and subsequently subjected to in vitro maturation (IVM) for 24hr developed at a higher frequency to MII (metaphase II) stage. Supplementation of LH and estradiol-17β to TCM 199B culture medium in early stages followed by standard medium alone in later stages supports better development of PFs’ in vitro. Following supplementation with LH and estradiol-17β for the first two days culture of PFs’ in standard medium appears to be advantageous for the development of preantral follicles in vitro.
Modulation of Performance Index, Glucose and Cholesterol Level in Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Different Supplements
Authors: Chauhan S.S. , Sharma R.K. , Kumar A. , Shukla S.K. , Palod J. , Singh M.K.
Published: December 2020

Background: The present study evaluated the effect of dietary inclusion of various feed supplements and their combination on the performance index, glucose and serum cholesterol for 6 weeks. Methods: Day-old broiler chicks (n=252) were randomly assigned to seven treatment groups, each with 3 replicates. The first treatment was designated as control (T0) in which no supplement was added to the feed, while in treatments T1; organic mineral mixture (Organomin forte), T2; organic mineral mixture (Vannamin), T3; probiotics (Microguard), T4; enzyme (Brozyme -XPR) and probiotics, T5; emulsifier (Lipigon) were provided through feed. In the T6 group, 3 percent less energy was given through feed. Result: Significant improvement (p less than 0.05) was observed in performance index and HDL cholesterol and significant (P less than 0.05) decline in the glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride in broilers under supplementary groups as compared to control groups. The results of the present study indicated that it is possible to produce lean meat to an extent by manipulating diets which lead to better performance index of broilers during the overall period, which led to the release of more nutrients which helped in absorption, assimilation and utilization.
Sonographic Evaluation of Coprostatic Impaction with Sand and Ingesta in Draft Equids
Authors: Farooq Uiase Bin , Kumar Adarsh , Mirza Urfeya , Ahmad Shabir
Published: December 2020

Background: Impaction of colons is a major cause of deaths in equines; therefore the objective of the current study was to perform the detailed ultrasonographic examination of equids suffering from abdominal discomfort and to identify which measurable parameters were important in reaching a diagnosis of small intestinal abnormality and determining treatment options. Methods: In this study twenty five equids (age 10-13 years) with history of cessation of defecation ranging from 2-4 days were subjected to sonography. Result: The impaction of left ventral colon in all animals was imaged as hyperechoic intraluminal structure casting a strong acoustic shadow with loss of normal sacculations, edema, increase in wall thickness and absence of peristaltic activity. Findings giving an indication of sand colic were the flattening of left ventral colon wall against the ventral body wall with loss of normal sacculations, peristaltic activity, presence of small pinpoint hyperechoic structures on the mucosal surface seen casting small acoustic shadows and reverberation artifacts in different directions were highly suggestive of sand impaction. In all animals the loops of small intestine were observed in transverse as well as longitudinal sections as hypermotile distended with fluidy ingesta and hyperechoic feed particles swirling inside that fluidly ingesta. The presence of dilated multiple loops of intestine in a single scanning area was a consistent feature of left ventral colon impaction. Hence detailed ultrasonographic examination was useful to delineate normal and abnormal conditions and to distinguish between true and false colic which provided an important diagnostic lead in management of affections of left ventral colon.
Serum Hepcidin as a Clinical Prognostic Marker to Discriminate the Outcome of Canine Babesiosis
Authors: Rajamanickam K. , Leela V. , Loganathasamy K. , Latha Bhaskaran Ravi , Balagangatharathilagar M.
Published: December 2020

Background: We aimed to identify the prognostic value of hepcidin in discriminating against the survival outcome of canine babesiosis. Methods: Semi-nested polymerase chain reaction was performed to confirm the presence of infection. Existence of oxidative stress and inflammatory response, changes in systemic iron status and hepcidin level were assessed in the study population. Based on the outcome Babesia infected dogs were classified into survivors (n=18) and non-survivors (n=14) of infection. 32 healthy dogs formed the control group. Conclusion: In non-survivors of infection, serum hepcidin was positively associated with C-reactive protein (P less than 0.01), serum iron (P less than 0.01), transferrin iron-binding capacity (P less than 0.05), unsaturated iron-binding capacity (P less than 0.01), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (P less than 0.05) and negatively associated with catalase (P less than 0.01), zinc (P less than 0.01) and low haemoglobin density (P less than 0.01). The prognostic cut-off value of hepcidin in discriminating the survivability of infected dogs was 32.32 ng/mL with 100.00% specificity and 92.86 % sensitivity. The area under the curve of hepcidin in discriminating survivability was about 0.984 and Youden’s index was 0.928. Hence, hepcidin can predict the survival outcome of the disease enabling intensive care for animals with a cut-off value of hepcidin more than 32.32 ng/mL.
Clinico-diagnosis and Surgico-therapeutic Management of Lower Urinary Tract Disorders in Dogs
Authors: Parmar J.J. , Parikh P.V. , Panchal M.T. , Ghodasara D.J. , Bhanderi B.B.
Published: December 2020

Background: The available literature and work done so far on diagnosis and therapeutic management of lower urinary tract affections in canine practice is very meagre specially on urethro-cystoscopic examinations, medicinal dissolution of calculi and immunotherapy for neoplasia of UB in dogs. Methods: The present study was carried in 55 dogs with lower urinary tract affections classify according to pathological conditions and therapeutic management. The diagnostic modalities like radiography, ultrasonography in all dogs, urethro-cystoscopy in seven dogs and their findings were studied. The response of therapeutics were also studied. Conclusion: The dogs having small size calculi treated according to urine pH with oral medicinal dissolution using Ammonium Chloride (Group 1A, n=9) and Di Sodium Hydrogen Citrate (Group 1B, n=10) for sixty days, Group 1C (n=25) dogs with cystitis (n=17) subjected for bacterial culture treated according to sensitive antibiotics, TCC of bladder (n=7) with immunotherapy using BCG vaccine and a dog with leiomyosarcoma with cystotomy. The dogs (Group 2, n=11) with large size calculi (n=10), a lodge catheter in UB and dogs (Group 3, n=6) did not responded medicinal dissolution from group 1A (n=2) and 1B (n=4) treated surgically. One to multiple, variable size recovered calculi (n=24) revealed highest brown colour grossly, calcium oxalate type, higher in Pomeranian breed and dogs fed with combination of vegetarian and commercial feed.
Prevalence of Generalized Swine Tuberculosis with Special Reference to Pathological Study in Middle Gangetic Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Niyogi Debasish , Joshi Rajesh Kumar , Joshi Namita , Singh Satyavrat , Vishen Amit Singh , Maurya Pankaj Kumar
Published: December 2020

Background: Swine tuberculosis (TB) is a highly progressive granulomatous infectious disease. The cases usually go undiagnosed and become a potent source of infection to other animals and humans. In Ayodhya and Sultanpur districts, no such study has been conducted so far. Keeping in view the zoonotic importance of this disease, the present study was, therefore, designed to study the prevalence of generalized swine tuberculosis in middle gangetic plain zone of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Methods: Forty-two (42) pigs were presented for postmortem at Department of Veterinary Pathology, C.V. Sc. and A.H., ANDUAT, Ayodhya from nearby villages of Ayodhya and Sultanpur districts from April 2017 to February 2020. Pigs were screened for typical lesions of tubercles throughout the body during postmortem examination. Result: The prevalence was 7.14% out of 42 pigs presented for postmortem examination. Eight pigs (19.04%) had nodules in either lungs or liver but these were diagnosed negative for TB on ZN (Ziehl-Neelsen) staining. Typical tubercles were evident in liver, spleen and lungs and were characterized by the presence of circumscribed yellowish white raised lesions of various sizes and numbers. Microscopically, granulomatous lesions revealed necrotic areas surrounded by mixed inflammatory cells including macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells. The ZN stain reveals presence of acid fast bacilli in impression smear made from lung, spleen and liver.
Studies on Character Association and Genetic Divergence in White Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.)
Authors: Jana Sayan , Kumar Nitesh , Mukherjee Subhra , Bhattacharyya Prabir Kumar , Mandal Gouranga Sundar , Ghoshal Sitangshu
Published: December 2020

Background: In white jute, very limited success has been reported by researchers to break yield plateau due to the narrow genetic base of the genetic material available with the breeders. Evaluation of agronomic traits and information about genetic variance in the breeding population is essential for selection and in planning crosses to enhance the productivity and diversity in cultivars. Yield character components are inherited and each one accounts for variations in yield, hence interrelated with each other. The current investigation was done to measure the genetic variability and genetic diversity of white jute genotypes for characters and interrelationship that contribute to yield and fibre quality. Methods: In the present study, fifty-two white jute (C. capsularis L.) genotypes were assessed during the Pre-Kharif season of 2017 at the Teaching Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mandouri, Nadia, West Bengal. Plants were raised in randomized block design with three replications. Statistical analysis was done for the estimation of ANOVA variability, correlation and path analysis and genetic divergence. Result: Plant height and bark thickness with high heritability and high genetic advance were identified as important selection parameters. Plant height, bark thickness and green weight per plant had a significantly high positive correlation with dry fibre weight per plant both at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Plant height had the highest contribution toward the dry fibre weight followed by bark thickness. Genotypes were grouped into 13 clusters and cluster I had the highest number of 23 genotypes. The inter-cluster distance was found maximum between cluster I and cluster VI. Cluster XI recorded the highest mean for the plant height. Ten genotypes identified from different clusters in this study can be incorporated as donors in hybridization to combine both yield and improved fibre quality.