bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining the Benefits of Biotin–Streptavidin Aptamer Immobilization with the Versatility of Ni-NTA Regeneration Strategies for SPR
Authors: Hanson Eliza K. , Whelan Rebecca J.
Published: April 2024

The high affinity of the biotin–streptavidin interaction has made this non-covalent coupling an indispensable strategy for the immobilization and enrichment of biomolecular affinity reagents. However, the irreversible nature of the biotin–streptavidin bond renders surfaces functionalized using this strategy permanently modified and not amenable to regeneration strategies that could increase assay reusability and throughput. To increase the utility of biotinylated targets, we here introduce a method for reversibly immobilizing biotinylated thrombin-binding aptamers onto a Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) sensor chip using 6xHis-tagged streptavidin as a regenerable capture ligand. This approach enabled the reproducible immobilization of aptamers and measurements of aptamer–protein interaction in a surface plasmon resonance assay. The immobilized aptamer surface was stable during five experiments over two days, despite the reversible attachment of 6xHis-streptavidin to the Ni-NTA surface. In addition, we demonstrate the reproducibility of this immobilization method and the affinity assays performed using it. Finally, we verify the specificity of the biotin tag–streptavidin interaction and assess the efficiency of a straightforward method to regenerate and reuse the surface. The method described here will allow researchers to leverage the versatility and stability of the biotin–streptavidin interaction while increasing throughput and improving assay efficiency.
Online Detection of Hydrogen Fluoride under Corona Discharge in Gas-Insulated Switchgear Based on Photoacoustic Spectroscopy
Authors: Wan Liujie , Zhao Xiaohe , Li Kang
Published: April 2024

Internal discharge and overheating faults in sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas-insulated electrical equipment will generate a series of characteristic gas products. Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is one of the main decomposition gases under discharge failure. Because of its extremely corrosive nature, it can react with other materials in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), resulting in a short existence time, so it needs to be detected online. Resonant gas photoacoustic spectroscopy has the advantage of high sensitivity, fast response, and no sample gas consumption, and can be used for the online detection of flowing gas. In this paper, a simulated GIS corona discharge experimental platform was built, and the HF generated in the discharge was detected online by gas photoacoustic spectroscopy. The absorption peak of HF molecule near 1312.59 nm was selected as the absorption spectral line, and a resonant photoacoustic cell was designed. To improve the detection sensitivity of HF, wavelength modulation and second-harmonic detection technology were used. The online monitoring of HF in the simulated GIS corona discharge fault was successfully realized. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the designed photoacoustic spectroscopy detection system for HF is 0.445 μV/(μL/L), and the limit of detection (LOD) is 0.611 μL/L.
Minimizing Task Age upon Decision for Low-Latency MEC Networks Task Offloading with Action-Masked Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Jiang Zhouxi , Yang Jianfeng , Gao Xun
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we consider a low-latency Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) network where multiple User Equipment (UE) wirelessly reports to a decision-making edge server. At the same time, the transmissions are operated with Finite Blocklength (FBL) codes to achieve low-latency transmission. We introduce the task of Age upon Decision (AuD) aimed at the timeliness of tasks used for decision-making, which highlights the timeliness of the information at decision-making moments. For the case in which dynamic task generation and random fading channels are considered, we provide a task AuD minimization design by jointly selecting UE and allocating blocklength. In particular, to solve the task AuD minimization problem, we transform the optimization problem to a Markov Decision Process problem and propose an Error Probability-Controlled Action-Masked Proximal Policy Optimization (EMPPO) algorithm. Via simulation, we show that the proposed design achieves a lower AuD than baseline methods across various network conditions, especially in scenarios with significant channel Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) differences and low average SNR, which shows the robustness of EMPPO and its potential for real-time applications.
Comparison of Perioperative, Functional, and Oncologic Outcomes of Open vs. Robot-Assisted Off-Clamp Partial Nephrectomy: A Propensity Scored Match Analysis
Authors: Mastroianni Riccardo , Chiacchio Giuseppe , Perpepaj Leonard , Tuderti Gabriele , Brassetti Aldo , Anceschi Umberto , Ferriero Mariaconsiglia , Misuraca Leonardo , D’Annunzio Simone , Bove Alfredo Maria , Guaglianone Salvatore , Flammia Rocco Simone , Proietti Flavia , Pula Marco , Milanese Giulio , Leonardo Costantino , Galosi Andrea Benedetto , Simone Giuseppe
Published: April 2024

Off-clamp partial nephrectomy represents one of the latest developments in nephron-sparing surgery, with the goal of preserving renal function and reducing ischemia time. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the functional, oncologic, and perioperative outcomes between off-clamp robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (off-C RAPN) and off-clamp open partial nephrectomy (off-C OPN) through a propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis. A 1:1 PSM analysis was used to balance variables potentially affecting postoperative outcomes. To report surgical quality, 1 year trifecta was used. Univariable Cox regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of trifecta achievement. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to compare cancer-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and metastasis-free survival (MFS) probabilities between groups. Overall, 542 patients were included. After PSM analysis, two homogeneous cohorts of 147 patients were obtained. The off-C RAPN cohort experienced shorter length of stay (LoS) (3.4 days vs. 5.4 days; p < 0.001), increased likelihoods of achieving 1 year trifecta (89.8% vs. 80.3%; p = 0.03), lower postoperative Clavien–Dindo ≤ 2 complications (1.3% vs. 18.3%, p < 0.001), and lower postoperative transfusion rates (3.4% vs. 12.2%, p = 0.008). At univariable analysis, the surgical approach (off-C RAPN vs. off-C OPN, OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.09–4.46, p = 0.02) was the only predictor of 1 year trifecta achievement. At Kaplan–Meier analysis, no differences were observed between the two groups in terms of OS (log-rank p = 0.451), CSS (log-rank p = 0.476), DFS (log-rank p = 0.678), and MFS (log-rank p = 0.226). Comparing RAPN and OPN in a purely off-clamp scenario, the minimally invasive approach proved to be a feasible and safe surgical approach, with a significantly lower LoS and minor rate of postoperative complications and transfusions as a result of improved surgical quality expressed by higher 1 year trifecta achievement.
Review of Sensor-Based Subgrade Distress Identifications
Authors: Cheng Zhiheng , Xie Zhengjian , Wei Mingzhao , Peng Yuqing , Du Cong , Tian Yuan , Song Xiuguang
Published: April 2024

The attributes of diversity and concealment pose formidable challenges in the accurate detection and efficacious management of distresses within subgrade structures. The onset of subgrade distresses may precipitate structural degradation, thereby amplifying the frequency of traffic incidents and instigating economic ramifications. Accurate and timely detection of subgrade distresses is essential for maintaining and repairing road sections with existing distresses. This helps to prolong the service life of road infrastructure and reduce financial burden. In recent years, the advent of numerous novel technologies and methodologies has propelled significant advancements in subgrade distress detection. Therefore, this review delineates a concentrated examination of subgrade distress detection, methodically consolidating and presenting various techniques while dissecting their respective merits and constraints. By furnishing comprehensive guidance on subgrade distress detection, this review facilitates the expedient identification and targeted treatment of subgrade distresses, thereby fortifying safety and enhancing durability. The pivotal role of this review in bolstering the construction and operational facets of transportation infrastructure is underscored.
3D-Printed Conformal Meta-Lens with Multiple Beam-Shaping Functionalities for Mm-Wave Sensing Applications
Authors: Melouki Noureddine , Ahmed Fahad , PourMohammadi Peyman , Naseri Hassan , Bizan Mohamed Sedigh , Iqbal Amjad , Denidni Tayeb A.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a 3D conformal meta-lens designed for manipulating electromagnetic beams via height-to-phase control is proposed. The structure consists of a 40 × 20 array of tunable unit cells fabricated using 3D printing, enabling full 360° phase compensation. A novel automatic synthesizing method (ASM) with an integrated optimization process based on genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted here to create the meta-lens. Simulation using CST Microwave Studio and MATLAB reveals the antenna’s beam deflection capability by adjusting phase compensations for each unit cell. Various beam scanning techniques are demonstrated, including single-beam, dual-beam generation, and orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam deflection at different angles of 0°, 10°, 15°, 25°, 30°, and 45°. A 3D-printed prototype of the dual-beam feature has been fabricated and measured for validation purposes, with good agreement between both simulation and measurement results, with small discrepancies due to 3D printing’s low resolution and fabrication errors. This meta-lens shows promise for low-cost, high-gain beam deflection in mm-wave wireless communication systems, especially for sensing applications, with potential for wider 2D beam scanning and independent beam deflection enhancements.
DeepChestGNN: A Comprehensive Framework for Enhanced Lung Disease Identification through Advanced Graphical Deep Features
Authors: Rana Shakil , Hosen Md Jabed , Tonni Tasnim Jahan , Rony Md. Awlad Hossen , Fatema Kaniz , Hasan Md. Zahid , Rahman Md. Tanvir , Khan Risala Tasin , Jan Tony , Whaiduzzaman Md
Published: April 2024

Lung diseases are the third-leading cause of mortality in the world. Due to compromised lung function, respiratory difficulties, and physiological complications, lung disease brought on by toxic substances, pollution, infections, or smoking results in millions of deaths every year. Chest X-ray images pose a challenge for classification due to their visual similarity, leading to confusion among radiologists. To imitate those issues, we created an automated system with a large data hub that contains 17 datasets of chest X-ray images for a total of 71,096, and we aim to classify ten different disease classes. For combining various resources, our large datasets contain noise and annotations, class imbalances, data redundancy, etc. We conducted several image pre-processing techniques to eliminate noise and artifacts from images, such as resizing, de-annotation, CLAHE, and filtering. The elastic deformation augmentation technique also generates a balanced dataset. Then, we developed DeepChestGNN, a novel medical image classification model utilizing a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) to extract 100 significant deep features indicative of various lung diseases. This model, incorporating Batch Normalization, MaxPooling, and Dropout layers, achieved a remarkable 99.74% accuracy in extensive trials. By combining graph neural networks (GNNs) with feedforward layers, the architecture is very flexible when it comes to working with graph data for accurate lung disease classification. This study highlights the significant impact of combining advanced research with clinical application potential in diagnosing lung diseases, providing an optimal framework for precise and efficient disease identification and classification.
Design of AD Converters in 0.35 µm SiGe BiCMOS Technology for Ultra-Wideband M-Sequence Radar Sensors
Authors: Sokol Miroslav , Galajda Pavol , Saliga Jan , Jurik Patrik
Published: April 2024

The article presents the analysis, design, and low-cost implementation of application-specific AD converters for M-sequence-based UWB applications to minimize and integrate the whole UWB sensor system. Therefore, the main goal of this article is to integrate the AD converter’s own design with the UWB analog part into the system-in-package (SiP) or directly into the system-on-a-chip (SoC), which cannot be implemented with commercial AD converters, or which would be disproportionately expensive. Based on the current and used UWB sensor system requirements, to achieve the maximum possible bandwidth in the proposed semiconductor technology, a parallel converter structure is designed and presented in this article. Moreover, 5-bit and 4-bit parallel flash AD converters were initially designed as part of the research and design of UWB M-sequence radar systems for specific applications, and are briefly introduced in this article. The requirements of the newly proposed specific UWB M-sequence systems were established based on the knowledge gained from these initial designs. After thorough testing and evaluation of the concept of the early proposed AD converters for these specific UWB M-sequence systems, the design of a new AD converter was initiated. After confirming sufficient characteristics based on the requirements of UWB M-sequence systems for specific applications, a 7-bit AD converter in low-cost 0.35 µm SiGe BiCMOS technology from AMS was designed, fabricated, and presented in this article. The proposed 7-bit AD converter achieves the following parameters: ENOB = 6.4 bits, SINAD = 38 dB, SFDR = 42 dBc, INL = ±2-bit LSB, and DNL = ±1.5 LSB. The maximum sampling rate reaches 1.4 Gs/s, the power consumption at 20 Ms/s is 1050 mW, and at 1.4 Gs/s is 1290 mW, with a power supply of −3.3 V.
Integration of Unemployed Venezuelan Immigrant Women in Colombia
Authors: Cuberos María-Antonia , Albornoz-Arias Neida , Ramírez-Martínez Carolina , Santafé-Rojas Akever-Karina
Published: April 2024

The integration of immigrants in a host society must consider aspects related to the labour field, as well as other factors including their differences. The existence of 97 unemployed Venezuelan migrant women living in Cúcuta, Los Patios and La Parada, border cities of Norte de Santander, Colombia with the state of Táchira, places them at a disadvantage in terms of integration; hence, this study set out to propose strategies to guide governance officials and actors in managing their integration. By means of a multidimensional analysis, three profiles of these unemployed migrant women were obtained for their diversity, generating strategies for each profile in structural, social and cultural contexts; through this, it became evident that the characteristics of those who settle as immigrants can be considered in order to establish integration strategies in line with these characteristics. Thus, the methodology of the study could be useful in other areas of migration for the design of integration strategies that consider the heterogeneity of immigrants to facilitate their contribution to the society and economy of the country that has hosted them.
Bilateral Asymmetry of Spatiotemporal Running Gait Parameters in U14 Athletes at Different Speeds
Authors: Cartón-Llorente Antonio , Cardiel-Sánchez Silvia , Molina-Molina Alejandro , Ráfales-Perucha Andrés , Rubio-Peirotén Alberto
Published: April 2024

The assessment of leg asymmetries is gaining scientific interest due to its potential impact on performance and injury development. Athletes around puberty exhibit increased gait variability due to a non-established running pattern. This study aims to describe the asymmetries in the spatiotemporal running parameters in developmentally aged athletes. Forty athletes under 14 (U14) (22 females and 18 males) were assessed running on a treadmill at constant speeds of 12 and 14 km·h−1 for 3 min. Step length, step frequency, along with contact (CT) and flight time, both in absolute values and as a percentage of step time, were recorded using a RunScribe sensor attached to the laces of each shoe. U14 runners exhibited high bilateral symmetry in the spatiotemporal parameters of running, with mean asymmetry values (1–5.7%) lower than the intra-limb coefficient of variation (1.7–9.6%). Furthermore, bilateral asymmetries did not vary between the two speeds. An individual-based interpretation of asymmetries identified subjects with consistent asymmetries at both speeds, particularly in terms of CT and contact ratio (%, CT/step time). This study confirms the high symmetry of pubertal runners and paves the way for the application of portable running assessment technology to detect asymmetries on an individual basis.
A Retrospective Analysis of the Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Health Markers and Performance Outcomes among Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: McKeever Amy N. , Drouet Phillip C. , Vera Jesus A. , Thomas William E. , Coburn Jared W. , Costa Pablo B.
Published: April 2024

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cardiac rehabilitation on health markers and performance outcomes among diabetic and nondiabetic patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: One hundred and ninety-seven patients with PCI and CABG, who attended phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation, were included in the study. Patient data were separated by cardiac diagnosis, (PCI and CABG), diabetes category (diabetic and nondiabetic), number of sessions attended (12–24 or 25–36), and time (pre- to post-test). The Duke Activity Score Index and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 questionnaires and measurements for total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and, if diabetic, A1c and fasting blood glucose, were taken at baseline and upon completion of the program. Results: High-density lipoprotein (p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.004), Duke Activity Score Index questionnaire (p < 0.001), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (p < 0.001), and A1c (p = 0.003) significantly improved from pre- to post-testing. Total cholesterol (p < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein (p < 0.001) for the 25–36 nondiabetic PCI group significantly decreased. Triglycerides decreased for all 12–24 session groups (p = 0.015). Fasting blood glucose significantly decreased (p = 0.037) for the 12–24 PCI group with diabetes. No significant interactions were found for systolic blood pressure and body weight. Conclusion: Cardiac rehabilitation resulted in significant improvements in the lipid panel, diastolic blood pressure, and questionnaire results, regardless of the number of sessions attended. However, no significant benefits for systolic blood pressure were observed.
Sector-Level Inter-Provincial Virtual Water Trade in China: Implications for Regional Water Stress
Authors: Zhou Bo , Li Yu , Ali Tariq
Published: April 2024

China faces severe water resource shortages due to the uneven distribution of water resources and ever-increasing water demand driven by rapid industrialization and urbanization. The virtual water trade (VWT) is a potential solution to conserve water resources by transferring water from water-abundant/water-productive regions to water-scarce/less water-productive regions. Based on the inter-provincial input-output model, the provincial VWT of China was estimated at the sectoral level. The relationship of VWT with water resources in 30 provinces was analyzed in relation to the water stress index (WSI). It was found that (1) total inter-provincial VW trade showed a downward trend during the study period, with 363.91 km3 in 2002, 283.72 km3 in 2007, and 285.23 km3 in 2012. Overall, the primary industry dominated the VWT for most provinces. (2) China’s virtual water flowed from the relatively underdeveloped central and western regions to the east with a relatively developed economy from the inter-provincial level. This trend became increasingly prominent. (3) In many instances, VW was transferred from water-poor to water-rich areas. These results imply that China needs to improve its water use efficiency and optimize its regional industrial structure. Additionally, establishing an ecological compensation mechanism is considered a valuable measure for China to alleviate regional water resource pressure.
Performance Evaluation and Cycle Time Optimization of Vapor-Compression/Adsorption Cascade Refrigeration Systems
Authors: Elsheniti Mahmoud Badawy , Al-Ansary Hany , Orfi Jamel , El-Leathy Abdelrahman
Published: April 2024

The reliance on more sustainable refrigeration systems with less electricity consumption attracts a lot of attention as the demand for refrigeration increases due to population growth and global warming threats. This study examines the use of a cascade vapor-compression/adsorption refrigeration system in hot weather, focusing on condensing temperatures of 50, 55, and 60 °C, whereas an air-cooled condenser is in use due to practical considerations. A fully coupled transient model is developed using COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the integrated system, considering the practical limitations of the vapor compression system (VCS) and the dynamic nature of the adsorption system (ADS). The model combines a lumped model for the ADS with the manufacturer’s data for a VCS compressor at different condensing and evaporating temperatures. It was found that the VCS is more sensitive to the change in the ADS’s condensing temperature, since when the temperature is raised from 50 °C to 60 °C, the VCS’s COP decreases by 29.5%, while the ADS’s COP decreases by 7.55%. Furthermore, the cycle time of ADS plays an important role in providing the cooling requirements for the bottoming cycle (VCS), and it can be optimized to maximize the energy conversion efficiency of the VCS. At optimum cycle time and compared to the conventional VCS, the cascade system can boost the cooling capacity of the VCS by 18.2%, lower the compressor power by 63.2%, and greatly enhance the COP by 221%. These results indicate that the application of the cascade VCS/ADS in such severe conditions is a more sustainable and energy-efficient solution to meet the growing need for refrigeration.
Ghosts in the Machine: How Big Data Analytics Can Be Used to Strengthen Online Public Procurement Accountability
Authors: Sanda Mihai-Răzvan , Siminică Marian-Ilie , Avram Costin-Daniel , Popescu Luminița
Published: April 2024

The core of sustainable public procurement lies in its ability to stem uneconomical public expenditures that waste taxpayer money and stifle social trust and development. The external audit of public procurement proves problematic since current research fails to provide sufficient empirical studies aimed at identifying procurement fraud. The development of online portals with embedded e-procurement solutions, along with the big data revolution, open new horizons and allow us to reveal trends otherwise impossible to spot, such as transactions achieved in an exclusive commercial relationship, in which a vendor engages only with a single public entity. By using innovative data acquisition techniques, our research encompasses 2.25 million online direct public procurement procedures conducted in 2023 using the Romanian portal for public procurement, totaling EUR 3.22 billion. By aggregating databases obtained from various public sources, our analysis achieved remarkable granularity, using over 112 million data elements—50 pertaining to each transaction. Research results indicate a unique sub-population of public procurement procedures—those conducted with “in-house” vendors totaling 14.28% of all direct public acquisitions and which is significantly differentiated along the entire list of analyzed criteria—financial, geographical, statistical, or risk-wise—illustrating a troubling phenomenon: possible gerrymandering of the online public procurement landscape, which, at least in theory, resembles a perfect market, by cultivating preferential commercial relations, thus affecting the legality, regularity, and economical aspects of public procurement.
A Review of Effective Technology-Based Writing Interventions: A Componential Analysis
Authors: González-Laguna María Victoria , Fidalgo Raquel , López Paula , Rijlaarsdam Gert
Published: April 2024

Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of ICT-based writing instructional practices, but they do not show an in-depth analysis of their instructional elements, which could be key to explaining such effectiveness. This study aims to analyze the instructional design of effective ICT-based writing practices according to content and instructional dimensions. An empirical review was performed following the PRISMA statement guidelines with a sample of 22 studies. For the content dimension, learning objectives were coded in terms of target focus, subject-specific knowledge, and learning outcomes. For the instructional dimension, types of learning and instructional activities were coded, identifying their specific elements. Results showed that learning objectives were mostly focused on practice/internalization of high-level processes. Regarding learning activities, ICT was mainly used in practicing/applying, structuring, and observing/noting activities. Regarding instructional activities, application and demonstration principles appeared most frequently in the interventions, with application activities being most frequently performed by ICTs. Product-focused and corrective types of feedback, as well as static and procedural scaffolding types, were the most frequently performed using ICT. In conclusion, this study provides useful information on what writing activities can be performed using ICT and provide the basis for future studies analyzing to what extent these activities contribute to program effectiveness.
Tourist Tracking Techniques and Their Role in Destination Management: A Bibliometric Study, 2007–2023
Authors: Julio Guerrero Yarlein Ivama , Dias Francisco Teixeira Pinto
Published: April 2024

The tourism industry has recently undergone a significant evolution because of the implementation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). These changes have raised new conceptions of destinations, thus giving rise to smart destinations. In this context, digital tracking of tourists has become of great interest. This article aims to analyze the research landscape on tourist tracking through a bibliometric study, which allows the evaluation of the performance of publications, recognition of the prominent SciVal topics, analysis of the evolution of the techniques, and recognition of their use as a tool that contributes to the development of smart destinations. Unlike prior studies in this area, in addition to the performance analysis of publications, this paper focuses only on empirical studies on tourist tracking, identifies the prominent SciVal topics, and analyzes the linkage thereof with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The bibliometric study was carried out based on articles on tourist tracking extracted from the Scopus database and published between 2007 and 2023. This research is mainly quantitative, based on research performance analysis (journals, authors, institutions, and countries) and science mapping (citation analysis, co-word analysis, co-authorship analysis). Results show the quality of the publications made in the 2007–2023 period and indicate that the most used techniques have been GPS devices, social media, and app-based GPS/GNSS. In addition, it was found that the evolution of the techniques occurred at the same time as the development of ICT and that the prominent SciVal topic that covers the largest number of publications is associated with destination management. It is concluded that the application of tourist tracking techniques contributes to the transformation of destinations into smart destinations, as they provide useful relevant information to tourism market stakeholders for the development of strategies that improve decision-making and allow for the sustainable management of destinations.
Transforming Urban Environments: Understanding the Social Implications of Metrobus (MBS) Service Development in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Anwar Ayesha , Leng Hong , Ahmad Pir Noman
Published: April 2024

This research investigates how the Lahore Metrobus system (MBS) influences perceptions of urban space quality through the lens of urban design and transport infrastructure. Lahore is undergoing significant urban changes with the introduction of a newly constructed mass transit system, which thus necessitates a joint development strategy to preserve its cultural heritage. Recent evolutions in transport planning has heightened the interest in analyzing the way mobility factors affect the perceptions of a place’s quality. The gap in previous work lies in the limited focus on qualitative, human-centered perspectives regarding the impacts of public projects like the MBS on urban space quality. This study uniquely fills this void by examining the influence of the MBS on people’s lives and the quality of urban spaces. Comparing pre- and post-Metrobus scenarios, along with questionnaire surveys of riders and shopkeepers, exposes the neglect of the social image during design and construction. The system was implemented with a focus solely on hard, core infrastructure, thereby neglecting soft components such as area development, social and cultural value, and human-centered design. The government should unite transport agencies, stakeholders, and the public to craft a joint policy for enhancing revenue, ridership, and fostering transit-oriented development (TOD). Research findings will help in achieving social and cultural sustainability for upcoming transport lines in Pakistan, as well as directions for other developing nations looking to implement mass transit networks.
How Does the Spatial Structure of Urban Agglomerations Affect the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Population Aging?
Authors: Fu Miao , Wang Lucang , Li Qianguo
Published: April 2024

China has fully become an aging society, and the scientific response to population aging has become a major task that the country must face in the future. Research on population aging in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration (CCUA) can provide a scientific basis for future population management in the CCUA. This paper applies spatial autocorrelation, geodetection, and other methods to analyze the temporal and spatial pattern of population aging and its driving factors in the CCUA from 2000 to 2020, taking districts (counties) as the basic unit and combining them with the spatial structure of the urban agglomeration. The results show that: ① in the time dimension, the population aging in CCUA has gone through the evolution process of “mild–moderate–heavy”; in the spatial dimension, the influence of the urban agglomeration’s development planning axes on the spatial differentiation of the aging population has become more and more prominent. ② The aging level has a strong spatial correlation, and with time, the spatial correlation has changed from weak to strong, and the spatial difference has increased. The dual core city shows a typical spatial pattern of a decreasing aging level in the core area and an increasing aging level in the peripheral area, and the heavily aging area is spreading along the axis. ③ The overall aging speed is high, and the aging speeds of the core cities and node cities are lower than those of other regions. There is a clearer positive correlation between the aging level and the speed of aging, showing the characteristic of “the older the faster”. ④ Endogenous factors such as the aging level and fertility level at the beginning of the period have a significant determining power on the change in the aging level, while exogenous factors such as the in-migration rate and the out-migration rate have a persistent determining power on the urban agglomerations and key areas (core cities, central cities, main axes of development, city belts, and dense urban areas).
Effectiveness of Company Value Creation Based on Excess Market Value-Added Assessment
Authors: Kaczmarek Jarosław
Published: April 2024

This article aims to assess the usefulness of excess market value added to equity as an external measure of company value creation from the perspective of meeting shareholder expectations. This measure compares the expected value as an increase in stock exchange capitalisation in relation to return on equity, equivalent to its cost, decreased by this capital, in relation to the actually achieved level of capitalisation. This paper investigates relations with other external and internal measures. This research is based on measuring value creation in WIG30 Warsaw Stock Exchange companies in 2017–2023. The assessment of the research results was based on mathematical statistics tools, the density measure and the taxonomic measure of similarity. The study tested four hypotheses. The results of this research showed that the excess measure does not distort market information and can be used to assess the effectiveness of shareholder value creation, taking into account shareholder expectations. Secondly, the paper pointed to an unsatisfactory level of value creation in WSE WIG30 companies. The negative assessment of value creation management refers both to effectiveness and efficiency. Thirdly, shareholders continue to use classical financial measures despite the existence of a wide spectrum of value measures. Fourthly, the paper points to the lack of theoretical equality between the market value added (an external measure) and capitalised economic value added (an internal measure). The presented research contributes to unbiased assessments of whether or not shareholder value is simultaneously created and realised in increased share prices (capitalisation) to a higher degree than shareholder expectations. Up to now, no such research studies have been conducted for Polish and foreign capital markets. The research methodology has practical applications in expectations-based management.
Prospects for a Megacity Region Transition in Australia: A Preliminary Examination of Transport and Communication Drivers
Authors: Newton Peter , Whitten James , Glackin Stephen , Reynolds Margaret , Moglia Magnus
Published: April 2024

Australian governments continue to search for a model capable of planning future urban settlements at an extended spatial scale (the mega-metropolitan region) to accommodate high population growth more sustainably. Attempts at decentralisation over the past half century have failed, as state capital cities continue to sprawl in an unsustainable manner and increase their primacy at the expense of regional cities. This paper examines how two technologies, broadband and fast rail—both infrastructures capable of re-shaping space–time relationships—could underpin a transition of Australia’s largest capital cities into megacity regions by functionally integrating regional cities into their core metropolitan agglomerations. With the Melbourne megacity region as a spatial framework, changes in population and economic development are examined for Melbourne and several regional cities in Victoria following the introduction of regional fast rail (RFR) and broadband. The impact of high-speed rail (HSR) for intercity corridors in southeast England is analysed as a possible analogue for future application in Victoria. The results revealed that RFR primarily served to extend capital city suburban development. Only HSR had the capacity to ‘punch through’ and boost growth for ‘basic’ new economy industries in ‘on-line’ urban centres in corridors linked to London. High-speed broadband proved most attractive to Melbourne’s agglomeration of high-skilled information workers. Lower speed broadband services were more uniformly taken up across all centres. This discussion speculates on the impacts of these and other green economy and digitalisation drivers on prospects for a future megacity region transition in Victoria.
High Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) Bycatch Rate along with Several Endangered Target Species: Two Reasons to Look for Alternative to Traditional Large-Mesh Bottom-Set Gillnets (Garrasia) for More Sustainable Fisheries in the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia)
Authors: Louhichi Maissa , Girard Alexandre , Jribi Imed
Published: April 2024

Fishery bycatch poses a significant threat to sea turtles. This study provides an updated assessment of Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) bycatch in the Gulf of Gabès, focusing on the impact of the Garrasia gillnets. Through 61 onboard observations conducted alongside fishermen in Zarzis deploying a bottom-set gillnet, called “Garrasia”, and targeting elasmobranch species, comprehensive data were collected, including the number of sea turtles captured, soak time, length of gillnets, location, and biometric data of sea turtles. Analysis revealed a catch per unit effort (CPUE) for sea turtles of 0.63 (95% CI [0.355–0.893]) turtles per kilometer per 24 h with a notably high mortality rate of 92.06% (95% CI [87.3–96.8]). In the Gulf of Gabès, 23 vessels are reported to use Garrasia, resulting in an estimated annual total capture of 3756.53 turtles with a 95% CI [1907.81–5902.30]. These findings underscore the significant impact of Garrasia on sea turtle populations in the Gulf of Gabès. The study calls for immediate collaborative efforts among researchers, local stakeholders, authorities and fishermen to elaborate balanced conservation strategies that consider both ecological sustainability and socio-economic factors, aiming to achieve a sustainable marine ecosystem.
Sustainability in Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration: Combining Classical and Remote Sensing Methods for Effective Water Quality Management
Authors: Mazur Robert , Kowalewski Zbigniew , Głowienka Ewa , Santos Luis , Jakubiak Mateusz
Published: April 2024

The utilization of Effective Microorganisms (EMs) for lake restoration represents a sustainable approach to enhancing water quality and rebalancing the ecology of aquatic ecosystems. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two bioremediation treatment cycles employing EM-enriched biopreparations on water quality in the Siemiatycze lakes. Specifically, this research analyzed various parameters, including dissolved oxygen, transparency, chlorophyll-a, pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and suspended matter (SM), across eleven designated sampling locations. Additionally, this study employed remote sensing techniques, leveraging Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and the Maximum Chlorophyll Index (MCI), to detect and quantify algal blooms, with a particular focus on elevated chlorophyll-a concentrations. This comprehensive approach aimed to provide a holistic understanding of the impact of biotechnological reclamation on aquatic ecosystem restoration and sustainability. The study’s findings indicated a significant improvement in water quality in all lakes, with enhanced water clarity and oxygen profiles. Further, remote sensing studies indicated a reduction in algal blooms, particularly those with high chlorophyll-a concentrations. A considerable decrease in water eutrophication intensity was observed due to diminished nutrient concentrations. The improvements in water parameters are likely to enhance the living conditions of aquatic organisms. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of using EM-enriched biopreparations in the bioremediation of lakes, providing a sustainable approach to enhancing water quality and balancing aquatic ecosystems.
Evaluation of the Knowledge and Awareness of Firefighters in Turkey in Disaster Risk Management
Authors: Ütük Ayşe , Baraçlı Hayri
Published: April 2024

Firefighters stand as one of the most effective task forces, striving to minimize losses incurred during disasters. Clarifying the present status of disaster risk management for firefighters can offer insights into the factors influencing response during disasters and how preparedness for such events can be enhanced. The aim of this study is to assess the current status of fire and rescue services, actively engage in crisis management during disaster risk management, to identify areas for improvement that enhance their involvement in preparatory stages, and to bolster their effectiveness in crisis management. This descriptive, cross-sectional study involved 772 firefighters who had prior experience in disaster response. The findings of this study revealed that firefighters who had undergone first aid training demonstrated the ability to anticipate hazardous situations and behaviors, regularly inspected their equipment, showed awareness of work-related accidents and occupational diseases, and scored statistically higher on the scales. These findings are expected to assist fire departments in establishing a sustainable and comprehensive disaster management cycle.
Construyendo una economía del conocimiento: desafíos y perspectivas en Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas
Authors: Zapata Barros Angel Enrique
Published: April 2024

Este estudio cualitativo tiene como objetivo analizar el proceso de construcción de una economía del conocimiento en Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, y proponer recomendaciones para superar los desafíos identificados. Se utilizan entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis de documentos para recopilar datos, los cuales son evaluados con software de análisis de datos cualitativos. El análisis revela obstáculos como el acceso limitado a la educación de calidad, la falta de infraestructura tecnológica y la escasa inversión en investigación y desarrollo. Sin embargo, también se identifican oportunidades, incluyendo los recursos naturales, patrimonio cultural y colaboraciones con socios nacionales e internacionales. Con base en estos hallazgos, se recomienda fortalecer las instituciones educativas, fomentar la innovación y el espíritu empresarial, mejorar la infraestructura tecnológica y promover alianzas público-privadas. El estudio subraya el potencial de Santo Domingo para desarrollar una EBC pese a los desafíos
Análisis comparativo de la recaudación del Impuesto al Valor Agregado sobre los servicios digitales en Ecuador y Chile, año 2021
Authors: García Zamora Nayeska Carolina , Zambrano Zambrano Elisa Juverly
Published: April 2024

El Impuesto al Valor Agregado sobre los servicios digitales se implementa para gravar las operaciones realizadas a través de Internet y asegurar que se pague el impuesto en los países donde operan los proveedores, independientemente de su ubicación física, buscando prevenir la evasión fiscal y nivelar la competencia con empresas locales que ofrecen servicios similares. El objetivo de la investigación es comparar la recaudación del IVA sobre servicios digitales en Ecuador y Chile en 2021. La metodología utilizada fue aplicada, de diseño no experimental y transeccional, con un enfoque mixto y de alcance descriptivo; se emplearon los métodos histórico-lógico e inductivo, y se aplicaron técnicas como la revisión bibliográfica y análisis de información de diversas fuentes como leyes, normativas, informes, estadísticas; así como una entrevista estructurada de cinco preguntas a especialistas con experiencia en tributación. Los principales hallazgos demostraron que, en
2021, Ecuador experimentó un leve aumento en la recaudación total del IVA equivalente al 22,16%; mientras que en Chile se registró un aumento notable del 38,72%; sin embargo, la recaudación por servicios digitales representa una proporción pequeña de los ingresos fiscales totales en ambos países. A pesar de ello, las perspectivas futuras apuntan hacia un crecimiento constante en este ámbito; sin embargo, persisten desafíos y preocupaciones relacionados con la economía digital y sus efectos.
Potencial del segmento turístico de reuniones en el departamento Santa Cruz, Bolivia
Authors: Olivares Alvares David Max , Rodríguez Julián Leoncio
Published: April 2024

El turismo de reuniones o MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions) ha demostrado ser una estrategia relevante de los destinos urbanos para obtener mejores resultados en la reducción de estacionalidad, diversificación de la demanda e incremento de la ocupación hotelera. Además, produce un efecto multiplicador de los ingresos por turismo en otros sectores. Esta investigación es exploratoria y tiene como objetivo examinar la situación actual del turismo de reuniones en el Departamento Santa Cruz (Bolivia); así como la potencialidad que posee como destino para esta actividad. El estudio se llevó a cabo mediante una investigación cualitativa e implicó la recopilación de datos de expertos mediante entrevistas, reseñas de artículos en revistas científicas y otros datos de investigación y estadísticas relacionados con el turismo en el Departamento Santa Cruz.  Se concluye que el sector turístico cruceño la captación de turistas internacionales representa un desafío que requiere ser tratado desde las potencialidades y fortalezas identificadas en esta investigación.  Además, para fortalecer el desarrollo del turismo MICE en Santa Cruz es fundamental implementar políticas y estrategias que contribuyan al desarrollo sostenible del turismo MICE y medidas que minimicen el impacto de los conflictos sociales.
Investigation of Early Childhood and Primary School Education Teacher Candidates' Attitudes to Gender Roles in Terms of Gender, Grade, Mother’s and Father’s Education Levels
Authors: Filiz Ünser Ayşe , Ören Meral
Published: April 2024

Gender inequality indeed persists as a pervasive issue worldwide, infiltrating numerous facets of society and impeding progress toward a more equitable and just world. Schools play a crucial role as essential institutions where children embark on their initial journey into social life, contributing to the formation of values, norms, and social relationships. During these early years, children observe, imitate, and internalize the words, behaviors, and attitudes of teachers, shaping their understanding of the world around them. Therefore, children's perceptions of gender and attitudes toward gender can be significantly influenced by the attitudes and behaviors of their teachers. This research aims to examine whether there are differences in the gender-role attitudes among pre-service early childhood and primary school teachers based on gender, grade level, mother's and father's education level. The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey model, and data were collected from 1st and 4th-grade students enrolled in Early Childhood and Primary School Education Programs at a university in Turkey. The data were collected using a Personal Information Form and the Gender Role Attitude Scale (GRAS). The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests in SPSS 22.0, and effect sizes were calculated. Analysis indicated that there were statistically significant differences in gender role attitudes between genders, grade level, and mother’s education level. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the scores based on the father's education level. Female teacher candidates were found to have more egalitarian gender role attitudes compared to male teacher candidates, and 4th-grade students exhibited more egalitarian attitudes than 1st-grade students. Additionally, it was observed that teacher candidates whose mothers were illiterate tended to have more traditional gender role attitudes compared to those whose mothers had primary school, middle school, high school, or college degrees.