bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Betriebserlaubnisse nach § 45 SGB VIII für außerunterrichtliche Angebote im offenen Ganztag?
Authors: Münder Johannes
Published: February 2024

Nach § 45 Abs. 1 Satz 1 SGB VIII ist für außerunterrichtlichen Angebote außerschulischer Träger an Ganztagsschulen grundsätzlich eine Betriebserlaubnis erforderlich. Sie entfällt nach § 45 Abs. 1 Satz 2 Nr. 3 SGB VIII, wenn außerhalb der Jugendhilfe liegende Aufgaben wahrgenommen werden und eine entsprechende gesetzliche Aufsicht besteht. In (offenen) Ganztagsschulen liegen außerunterrichtlichen Angebote außerschulischer Jugendhilfeträger in der Regel nicht außerhalb der Jugendhilfe. Falls es sich um Angebote außerhalb der Jugendhilfe handelt, bedarf es einer Betriebserlaubnis, da keine anderweitige gesetzliche Aufsicht besteht. Die gegenwärtige Schulaufsicht ist keine entsprechende gesetzliche Aufsicht.
Schulen im Steuerwettbewerb
Authors: Wolff Stefan
Published: February 2024

Der wesentlichste Wettbewerbsfaktor für die öffentliche Finanzförderung einer Schule in freier Trägerschaft (i. F. auch Privatschule) ist der staatliche Genehmigungsvorbehalt aus Art. 7 IV 2–4 GG. Für die Besteuerung dieser Schulen ist dies hingegen der Status der Gemeinnützigkeit. Allerdings knüpfen teils auch Steuervergünstigungen direkt an das Vorliegen der staatlichen Genehmigung und umgekehrt einige landesrechtlichen Finanzhilfen an den Status der Gemeinnützigkeit an. Außerdem sollten freie Trägerschaften nicht nur die staatliche, sondern auch die private Konkurrenz in den Blick nehmen, denn mit der negativen Konkurrentenklage besteht ein taugliches Abwehrinstrument gegen die rechtswidrige steuerliche Privilegierung eines Konkurrenten.
„Das weiß aber oben quasi keiner“. Normative Ansprüche und Bearbeitungsmodi von Arbeitskonflikten in der Care-Arbeit am Beispiel der stationären Kinder- und Jugendhilfe
Authors: Menz Wolfgang , Rowitz Lara
Published: February 2024

In Anschluss an und kritischer Auseinandersetzung mit der Industrial-Relations- sowie der Care-Forschung beschäftigt sich der Beitrag mit Arbeitskonflikten „neben“ und „unterhalb“ öffentlich-sichtbarer Arbeitskämpfe in der Care-Arbeit am Beispiel der stationären Kinder- und Jugendhilfe. Im Fokus steht die Frage nach Akteur*innen, (innerbetrieblichen) Schauplätzen und Bearbeitungsmodi von Arbeitskonflikten. Dazu nehmen wir unter Rückgriff auf empirisches Material in Form von leitfadengestützten Beschäftigteninterviews mit Erzieher*innen und Sozialarbeiter*innen Interessen und normative Ansprüche von Care-Arbeitenden in den Blick und untersuchen, auf welche Weise diese in die verschiedenen Bearbeitungsmodi von Konflikten abseits tariflicher und öffentlicher Auseinandersetzungen und gewerkschaftlicher Organisierung eingebettet sind. Wir rekonstruieren sechs solcher Bearbeitungsmodi von Arbeitskonflikten, die sich entlang der Dimensionen Akteur*innenschaft und Austragungsweise differenzieren und in ihren Zusammenhängen analysieren lassen.
Klausuren und Hausarbeiten im Strafrecht
Authors: Wohlers Wolfgang , Schuhr Jan C. , Kudlich Hans
Published: February 2024

Keine Punkte durch leicht vermeidbare Fehler verschenken! Nicht selten erzielen Kandidat:innen in juristischen Prüfungen schlechtere Ergebnisse, als es ihrem Wissensstand entsprechen würde, weil ihnen vermeidbare Fehler bei der Fallbearbeitung und bei der Präsentation ihrer Überlegungen unterlaufen. Die Technik der Bearbeitung juristischer Fälle und der Darstellung ihrer Lösung lässt sich erlernen und ist die Visitenkarte, die Prüflinge unabhängig von der Frage, ob ihnen der konkrete Fall gerade mehr oder weniger liegt, stets abgeben. In diesem Buch werden die Aufarbeitung des Sachverhalts, die grundlegende Technik des Gutachtenstils mit ihren Prüfungsschritten, der Umgang mit Meinungsständen und die formalen Anforderungen sowie die Verarbeitung von Literatur und Rechtsprechung in Hausarbeiten erläutert. Das praktische Können, das in Übungen und Arbeitsgemeinschaften vermittelt wird, erfährt dadurch noch einmal eine theoretische Vertiefung und wird in Prüfungssituationen leichter abrufbar.
Understanding the Immunological Significance of Blood Groups in Organ Transplantation
Authors: Pushpa B. , Shanmugha Priya R.A. , S. Kumar Ushus , Saminathan J.
Published: February 2024

This chapter investigates the relationship between blood groups and the immune system in the background of organ transplantation. It explores how blood group compatibility plays a serious role in determining the success of organ transplants and mitigating the risk of rejection. The chapter focuses on the underlying mechanisms that affect graft acceptance or rejection by looking at the immunological importance of blood types. It explores the complex interactions between antibodies, antigens, and the immune response and emphasizes how variations in blood type antigens may trigger the immunological reactions and affect the success of transplants. Furthermore, the clinical implications of blood group matching in organ transplantation are also highlighted in this chapter. It also discusses emerging advancements in immunogenetics and immunosuppressive therapies that aim to overcome the immunological challenges associated with blood group disparities. Overall. The chapter serves as a valuable resource for healthcare professionals and researchers to facilitate improved matching strategies and enhanced outcomes in the field of transplantation medicine.
Perspective Chapter: Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Authors: Daniyal Nawaz Ahmed , Zaidi Amine , Elsayed Basant , Jemmieh Khaleed , Eledrisi Mohsen
Published: February 2024

Diabetes is one of the most common diseases worldwide, with steady increase in its prevalence around the globe. One of the common and most devastating complication of such disease is diabetic foot ulcer. The prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) among adults with diabetes globally has been estimated at 6.3%, while the annual incidence has been reported to range between 9.1 to 26.1 million cases. DFU is associated with several risk factors including a longer duration of diabetes, poorly controlled diabetes, diabetic neuropathy and foot deformities such as foot callus and flat foot. It can also result in many complications, among which infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Infections are estimated to occur in 60% of all diabetic ulcers. Moreover, the mortality rate is higher by 2.5-fold in patients with diabetes with foot ulcers compared to patients with diabetes without foot ulcers. In this chapter, we discuss the epidemiology of DFU, and review its prevalence in different parts of the world, along with risk factors, complication rates and overall impact on quality of life.
Therapeutic Uses of Aspirin
Authors: I. Trapali Maria
Published: February 2024

Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to reduce pain, fever, and/or inflammation, and as an antithrombotic. Specific inflammatory conditions that aspirin is used to treat include many different diseases. Lower doses of aspirin have also been indicated to decrease the threat of loss of life from a heart strike, or the risk of stroke in people who are at high risk or who have cardiovascular illness, but not in elderly people who are healthful. Recent research suggests that aspirin may help prevent the development of cancerous tumors, such as those of the stomach, intestines, or even the breast. However, despite the fact that aspirin is considered a “good” medicine for the prevention and treatment of many diseases, doctors recommend that no one should take aspirin without a doctor’s approval, because taking it is not only not safe for all people but it can also interact with other medicines and cause harm. The most useful therapeutic properties of aspirin depend on its inhibition of prostaglandin formation. Along with interference in thromboxane production, aspirin inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins. Under normal background, thromboxane and prostacyclin are in homeostatic equilibrium, with incompatible effects on platelet aggregation and vascular action. In this chapter, therapeutic uses of aspirin will be presented.
Genetics of CPSP
Authors: Sciberras Stephen
Published: February 2024

Various polymorphisms in several genes appear to be involved in the development of chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP). These genes are involved in the transduction, transmission and modulation of a nociceptive impulse. Understanding the influence of such polymorphisms would lead to a better awareness of the underlying processing in CPSP, with the possibility of stratifying the risk of CPSP for individual patients. It may also identify new treatment options by targeting specific points in this pathway. We look into six genes—SCN9A, KCNS1, GCH1, COMT, OPRM1, OPRK1—that are involved in nociception, and look at current literature to support their involvement in the development of CPSP. We also describe the potential use of such information in clinical practice.
Utilizing Waste Derived fromElaeis guineensis(African Oil Palm) for Partial Cement Replacement in Stabilizing Compressed Earth Blocks
Authors: Sarah Ajayi Adeola
Published: February 2024

The increasing demand for sustainable construction practices necessitates innovative approaches to reduce the environmental impact of conventional building materials like cement. African oil palm waste, abundant in palm-producing regions, represents a promising alternative material. This research explores the feasibility of utilizing waste materials derived from Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm) as a partial cement replacement in the stabilization of compressed earth blocks (CEBs). This study involves the collection and preparation of shells from oil palm waste for use in compressed earth block (CEB) production. Various proportions of these waste materials are mixed with conventional soil and cement to assess their impact on CEB properties. Compressive strength, durability, and environmental considerations are key parameters evaluated in this investigation. Preliminary findings suggest that incorporating oil palm waste in CEBs can enhance their compressive strength and reduce the carbon footprint associated with cement production. Moreover, this approach has the potential to address waste management issues in palm oil-producing regions while promoting sustainable construction practices. The research contributes to the development of eco-friendly building materials and aligns with global efforts to mitigate the environmental impact of the construction industry.
Principles and Advancements of Microelectrode Arrays in Brain-Machine Interfaces
Authors: Ahmadi Seyedkhani Shahab , Mohammadpour Raheleh , Irajizad Azam
Published: February 2024

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of microelectrode arrays (MEAs) in the field of neuroscience and electrophysiology. The chapter begins with an introduction, elucidating the nature of MEAs, tracing their historical development, and emphasizing their significance in advancing our understanding of neural processes. It then delves into the principles of MEAs, encompassing topics such as design, configurations, fabrication processes, and electrode properties. The chapter elucidates various recording and stimulation techniques, including signal acquisition methods, and electrical stimulation. Furthermore, it explores diverse applications of MEAs in neurophysiology, spanning in vitro and in vivo studies, neural network investigations, synaptic plasticity, connectivity analyses, disease modeling, and drug screening. Finally, the chapter outlines the latest advances in MEA technology, including emerging materials, miniaturization, integration, and wireless and implantable systems. This comprehensive exploration of MEAs serves as an invaluable resource for researchers, engineers, and neuroscientists interested in harnessing MEAs to unravel the complexities of neural circuits and advance the field of neurophysiology.
Chairside CAD/CAM Restorations
Authors: Jivanescu Anca , Codruta Ille , Rotar Raul
Published: February 2024

Dentistry has experienced dramatic transformations in the last 10 years once digital technologies have revolutionized the entire operational flow. From simple crowns and inlays, almost the entire range of fixed and removable prosthetic restorations on natural teeth or implants can now be made using CAD/CAM technology. The evolution of these systems has led to the need for a change in the mentality. Moving from analog to digital for these technologies involves equipment costs, software, and training time. For a dentist, the first step in CAD/CAM technology is to purchase an intraoral scanner and move to the digital impression. Then it will transmit the information (the. STL file) to a laboratory that will take over the design and milling task. However, if he wants to invest more, he will be able to make the final restoration with chairside CAD/CAM systems, without involving the dental technician.
Advanced Methods and Tools for Color Measuring and Matching: For Quality Check of Colored Products of Textiles and Apparel Industry
Authors: Kumar Samanta Ashis
Published: February 2024

This introductory chapter for advances in colorimetry mainly addresses the basic principles of color quantification and the measurement of different known color parameters, color differences, dye uniformity, and tolerances for different parameters of color differences for assessing color matching efficacy. Few advances in the analysis of color-related issues for the textile and apparel industry have made this task easier with the aid of computer-aided color measuring and matching systems as indispensable tools. In addition, identification of colorant molecules on colored products by using UV–VIS spectrophotometry has become essential. Analysis of the quantifiable grade/rating of compatibility between two dyes for a pair of binary mixtures of colorants (dyes and pigments) to obtain a desirable shade has become a daily need in the production of dyed textiles and apparel products. Hence, in the present chapter, all such issues of advanced colorimetric analysis for color measurement and matching and quality checks of dyed/colored products of textiles and the apparel industry are discussed here along with the principles of working and design features of reflectance spectrophotometers. A few case studies with experimental data as examples are also elaborated here to understand these issues for better dissemination of knowledge in this field for industry colorists and researchers.
Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Hematologic Malignancies and Invasive Aspergillosis: A Cross-sectional Clinical Report from Iran
Authors: Salehi Mohammadreza , Shahrbaf Nafiseh , Shahi Farhad , Khodavaisy Sadegh , Dehghan Manshadi Seyed Ali , Rafat Zahra , Roudini Kamran , Nakhostin Maryam , Kamali Sarvestani Hasti
Published: February 2024

Background: The incidence of invasive aspergillosis (IA) has significantly increased in recent decades. In patients with hematologic malignancies (HM), IA is associated with higher mortality rates. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the clinical features of IA in patients with HM. Methods: In this retrospective study, we used the hospital information system (HIS) database to extract clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients with various HMs who received a diagnosis of probable or proven IA during their hospitalization at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex in Tehran, Iran, between March 2018 and March 2022. Results: After evaluating 350 patients with HM, 51 patients with IA (14.6%) were identified, of whom 40 cases (78.4%) were probable and 11 (21.6%) were proven. Among these, 34 individuals (66.7%) were male. The most common symptoms were fever (n = 23, 62.7%), cough (n = 20, 39.2%), and fever that did not respond to antibiotic therapy (n = 16, 31.4%). The most prevalent malignancies were AML (n = 28, 54.9%), ALL (n = 16, 31.4%), and lymphoma (n = 7, 13.7%). Out of the 51 patients with HM and IA, 48 (94.1%) had abnormal findings on chest CT scans, with the majority (n = 31, 72.1%) showing a nodule with a halo sign. Aspergillus flavus (n = 19/24, 79.2%) was the most commonly isolated species. Initially, patients received liposomal amphotericin B or caspofungin as empiric antifungal therapy, which was then switched to voriconazole once the diagnosis of IA was probable or proven. Eight patients (15.6%) died. Conclusions: Patients with HM presenting with fever and cough should undergo close monitoring for IA. A higher incidence of IA is observed in AML patients, and voriconazole could be considered as antifungal prophylaxis in HM patients. A. flavus is likely the most frequent cause of IA in Iranian patients with HM.
Рецепция «Портрета» Гоголя в «Вальтере Эйзенберге» К. Аксакова
Authors: Кривонос Владислав Шаевич
Published: February 2024

В статье анализируются особенности рецепции повести Гоголя «Портрет» (редакция «Арабесок») в фантастической повести К. Аксакова «Вальтер Эйзенберг». Главное внимание уделено усвоению и переосмыслению К. Аксаковым использованного в гоголевской повести мотива оживающего портрета. Автор доказывает, что именно этот мотив играет исключительно важную роль в сюжетных событиях как в гоголевской, так и в аксаковской повестях, являясь ключевым в художественной структуре «Портрета» и актуальным в смысловой организации «Вальтера Эйзенберга». Рассматривается специфика функционирования мотива оживающего портрета у Гоголя, при этом объясняются причины аномального сдвига границ портрета, лишенного эстетической автономности. Показано, как трансформируется К. Аксаковым мотив оживающего портрета и как эта трансформация связана с личностью и историей героя. В результате проведенного анализа раскрывается своеобразие художественной трактовки в аксаковской повести обозначенного мотива.
Проблема интерпретации исторического контента в дилогии В. Ф. Одоевского «Саламандра»
Authors: Романова Елена Алексеевна , Паршукова Надежда Алексеевна
Published: February 2024

В статье подвергается критике долгое время доминировавший в российском литературоведении сугубо рационалистический метод «исторической интерпретации» мистико-фантастических произведений русского романтизма, в частности, одной из таинственных повестей В. Ф. Одоевского — дилогии «Саламандра». Выявляются возникающие при подобном подходе очевидные противоречия и натяжки в интерпретации ее основной идеи и сюжета. Проводится сравнительный анализ исторического романа А. С. Пушкина «Арап Петра Великого» и мистической повести В. Ф. Одоевского «Южный берег Финляндии в начале XVIII столетия» на предмет выявления принципиальных расхождений в изображении Петра I.
Roman bells and Avar pellet bells cast in copper alloys : the materials' influence on acoustic and psychoacoustic
Authors: Mühlhans Jörg , Pomberger Beate Maria
Published: February 2024

76 Roman bells and 91 pellet bells from the Early Medieval Avar and Carolingian periods from Austria, Hungary, and Slovakia cast in various copper alloys were investigated. They were classified into archaeological types and chemical analyses were carried out to get knowledge about their alloys' compositions. Since the material, among other parameters, influences timbre and sound perception, one Roman bell and one Avar pellet bell were reproduced in six different copper alloys, to examine the influence of the materials. Additionally, six bars were cast, and five plates were forged. All objects were recorded and analysed (psycho-)acoustically for a multitude of parameters to find out which are rather influenced by material and which are mainly altered by other parameters, such as shape or weight.
SISTEM PENYALIRAN AIR DI ROM STOCKPILE PT MULTI HARAPAN UTAMA SUB PT MITRA TERMINAL KALTIM
Authors: Sebastian Toba Haposan Samosir
Published: February 2024

Area port pada PT. Multi Harapan Utama dengan Kontraktor PT. Mitra Terminal Kaltim Sistem penyaliran tambang di rom adalah suatu upaya yang diterapkan pada kegiatan penambangan untuk mencegah, mengeringkan, atau mengalirkan air yang masuk ke bukaan tambang. Upaya ini dimaksudkan untuk mencegah tergantungnya aktivitas penambangan akibat adanya air dalam jumlah yang berlebihan, terutama pada musim hujan. Salah satu sumber air tambang di port antara lain air hujan, air limpasan, dan air tanah. Sumber air tambang di port tersebut harus diketahui volume per jamnya serta penentuan debit limpasan yang masuk ke area port dalam perdetiknya dan penentuan dimensi saluran terbuka. Supaya mendapatkan target produksi batubara untuk para konsumen. Pada pengamatan di lapangan terlihat kondisi port ROM stockpile terjadi genangan air yang dimana genangan tersebut terjadi akibat curah yang tinggi. Untuk menangani hal tersebut diperlukan upaya yang optimal untuk penanganan air yang masuk di port ROM stockpile dengan menganalisi debit limpasan yang masuk ke port ROM stockpile dan mengevaluasi dimensi saluran terbuka agar tidak terjadi genangan pada area port ROM stockpile. Dari hasil perhitungan data curah hujan yang terjadi pada tahun 2013-2022 diperoleh curah dan intensitas curah hujannya sebesar 25 mm/jam untuk periode ulang hujan 10 tahun. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dan hasil perhitungan yang telah dilakukan, luas daerah tangkapan hujan di Area ROM seluas 7,47572 Ha. Debit air limpasan permukaan pada Area Rom tersebut 183,86 m3/jam. Kapasitas air pada saluran terbuka 5,78 m3/detik. Kapasitas volume settling pond 194,21 m3 untuk dibagi per 4 kompartement.
Barley variety interacts positively with floor malting to produce different malts and beers
Authors: Morrissy Campbell , Davenport Curtis , Fisk Scott , Johnson Vern , Culp Darrin , Sutton Hayley , Bettenhausen Harmonie , Silberstein Ron , Hayes Patrick
Published: February 2024

Why was the work done: Floor malting maintains a small but notable market share due to its reputed contributions to beer flavour. These malts are viewed as premium products and are produced in both historic and contemporary floor maltings. Despite this, little work has been performed on floor malting to evaluate its effect on malt and subsequent beer quality and flavour. Accordingly, this work investigated whether floor malting produces distinct malts and beers relative to pneumatic maltings.
How was the work done: A mini-floor malting protocol was developed to malt small quantities of grain in a repeatable system that produces malt comparable to the production scale. Two winter barley varieties (Lontra and Thunder) were used to understand whether there was a malting type by variety interaction effect on beer flavour.
What are the main findings: Both floor and pneumatic malts produced similar malts and beers based on quality metrics and the differences found between malts were more attributable to variety and the respective rate of proteolysis. Sensory results showed that there was a significant malting type by variety interaction driving hedonic and descriptive sensory results.
Why is the work important: These results suggest that while the different malting types produce analytically similar malt, selection of barley variety can be used to optimise the floor malting process to produce distinct beer flavour profiles.
Psychosocial benefits of the inclusive controlled physical activities in children and youth with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Kornatovská Zuzana , Mgr. Petkov Slav , Korellas Panagiotis , Kalaydzhiev Georgi
Published: February 2024

Background: The project was addressed to horizontal priority of the social inclusion in Programme “Erasmus +”, to actions that help address diversity and promote – in particular through innovative and integrated approaches – ownership of shared values, equality, including non-discrimination and social inclusion through education, training, youth and sport activities. Aim: The main goal of the presented paper is to present psychosocial benefits of the inclusive controlled physical activities in juvenile individuals with intellectual disabilities, applied in leisure time. Partial goal is to demonstrate types of the popular controlled activities for children and youth with intellectual disability in the participated countries of the project, i.e. Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Greece and Macedonia. The aim and all activities of the project are in accordance with EU Work Plans for Sport 2017-2020 with a focus on Priority 3: Sport and Society - Access to sport for people with disabilities. Methods: Battery of following methods was used - Content analysis of literary sources; Brustman tapping test; Bourdon proofreading - examination of the properties of attention; Emotional instability (model tremometry); Creativity Assessment Packet; Intervention “You are part of us”; for statistics the method of Qualitative Comparative Analysis was used. Results, discussion: Positive changes were observed in the measured of two measures of attention, i.e. “Attention in concentration” and the “Attention in switch ability”. Adaptation ability of the monitored samples has been improved. Conclusion: Emotional stability and ability to concentration has been improved.
Teachers’ reflections on linguistic diversity in the linguistic and semiotic landscapes of Swedish-medium ECEC units in Finland
Authors: Pakarinen Sanna , Hansell Katri , Kvist Maria
Published: February 2024

This article examines teachers’ reflections on their practices regarding linguistic diversity in linguistic and semiotic landscapes (LSLs) in Swedish-medium early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Finland. Data comprising 14 videos and written assignments were collected during in-service training for ECEC staff. Based on a qualitative thematic analysis, four practices related to the interplay between the language of instruction and children’s other languages were identified and related to different spatial frameworks in the physical learning environments. The findings reveal a distinct promotion of the language of instruction throughout the landscapes. Linguistic and semiotic resources were produced or emplaced by the teachers to enhance interaction in and learning of the language of instruction for all children. Other languages were displayed, especially in the entrance hall, with caregivers as the primary audience, welcoming the families to the unit and providing a means of disseminating information, but not as a learning resource for the whole group. While the study reveals that teachers are aware of the potential of using LSLs as a part of their pedagogical work, it also reveals a lack of systematic planning when it comes to developing the landscape to support language awareness for all children.
Linguistic diversity in transition: Shifting language orientations in the Swedish ECEC curricula
Authors: Papakosma Maria
Published: February 2024

This article explores the dominant language orientations within the Swedish national curricula for early childhood education and care (ECEC), with a focus on multilingualism, an approach traditionally embraced in Sweden but recently under strain. Through documentary analysis of relevant policy documents over a period of 30 years, the research utilizes Ruíz’ (1984) analytical framework that identifies three orientations towards language in education policies: language-as-a-right, language-as-a-problem, and language-as-a-resource. The findings indicate first that language is seen as a positive resource, and multilingualism has been consistently embedded in curricular policy discourses even though there are shifts in the presence and emphasis of such discourses across time. Second, the differences in how much value is placed on diverse languages used in preschools, and their perceived associated functions, reflect changes in educational and social goals of ECEC. Finally, the findings identify a general shift in policies towards the prioritisation of competence development and Swedish language proficiency for future educational, social, and economic purposes. The article argues for a more comprehensive language policy approach and a policy orientation that helps preschool teachers to value and support multilingualism.
Acknowledging Sámi as indigenous people in early childhood teacher education in Finland – A study in the light of values, knowledge, and competencies
Authors: Lundkvist Marina , Sopanen Pauliina
Published: February 2024

The study examines if and how the Sámi, their languages, culture, and rights as indigenous people are acknowledged in early childhood teacher education in Finland. In addition, it assesses what kinds of competencies connected to language, culture and rights are taught in early childhood teacher training programmes and what competencies future teachers need to develop. The data consists of focus group discussions with teacher educators from two universities. The discussions, led by the corresponding authors, included semi-structured questions, analysed using inductive content analysis. The results show that early childhood teacher educators see a discrepancy between the idealistic formulations in the different steering documents and the, at times, more complex real world. While the languages, culture, and rights of the indigenous Sámi people are acknowledged in different courses at both universities, teacher educators find it difficult to have more in-depth discussions because of their position as outsiders and a lack of knowledge. However, they also see the importance of better acknowledging the Sámi and their rights so that future early childhood teachers have a deeper understanding of the Sámi people, linguistic and cultural diversity within Finland, and additional competencies to support children and their identity construction.
تجاوز الحق في التدخل الدولي الإنساني نحو مسؤولية الحماية
Authors: العرجي د.محمد هيثم
Published: February 2024

إن جملة التحولات التي حدثت في نظام ما بعد الحرب الباردة خاصة في طبيعة النظام الدولي وتحوله من الثنائية القطبية إلى الأحادية القطبية، والتحول في المفاهيم الخاصة بحقوق الإنسان ومبدأ السيادة هو ما عجل في ظهور التدخل الإنساني من جديد والذي صار يعرف في مفهومه الواسع بأنه «لجوء شخص من أشخاص القانون الدولي إلى وسائل الإكراه السياسية والاقتصادية وحتى العسكرية لأجل إيقاف الانتهاكات الجسيمة لحقوق الإنسان، لاسيما الحقوق المتعلقة بالحياة والوجود ومنع الإبادة الجماعية على أن يكون ذلك عن طريق قرارات صحيحة من المنتظم الدولي وإذن فلا مجال لإعمال القوة من أجل حماية الاختيارات الديمقراطية للشعوب في صورة التدخل الديمقراطي كذلك فإن التبرير الخاص بحماية السلم والأمن الدوليين كتأسيس لإعمال التدخل الإنساني هو في الحقيقة منقبيل التبرير غير المباشر والعرضي . في الوقت نفسه فأن التدخل الإنساني لم يعد السابق، عديم الشرعية فقد شرع ميثاق منظمة الإتحاد الإفريقي مثلا التدخل الإنساني بموجب المادة (4/4)ي) لتنقل فكرة التدخل الإنساني سنة 2001م من خلال اللجنة الدولية للتدخل وسيادة الدول على مقاربة جديدة تحت عنوان ( مسؤولية الحماية التي تضمن حقوق الإنسان) دون أن تفرط في مبدأ السيادة، وهذا معناه أن مسؤولية الحماية تعني أن الدولة في البدء هي المسؤولة عن حماية مواطنيها من الكوارث الطبيعية والإنسانية أو الدولية، وإذا كانت لا تستطيع أو لا ترغب في منع هذه الانتهاكات الجسيمة لحقوق الإنسان فإن مبدأ عدم التدخل يتنحى لصالح مسؤولية الحماية الدولية .
Zróżnicowanie kapitału ludzkiego na rynku pracy
Authors: Młodak Andrzej
Published: February 2024

Results of an analysis of spatial diversification of human capital on the labour market, performed within preparatory activities to the National Population and Housing Census 2011, are presented in the article. The study concerned the gminas and powiats of the Mazowieckie and Wielkopolskie Voivodships. Using data collected during the previous census conducted in 2002, 15 indicative variables describing this phenomena were selected and next their verification on the account of variation and correlation was performed. Next, the complex measure was constructed using the trimmed Weber median to the characteristic normalisation. On the basis of the measure value, the collection of areas was divided into typological classes and conclusions for census necessities were formulated.
Definicje, klasyfikacje oraz modele integracji rejestrów publicznych
Authors: Nyczaj Krzysztof , Ruszkowski Jacek
Published: February 2024

A review of public, official and administrative register definitions have been made in the paper. The survey stated that the public register definition (on the example of Health Care System) are non-adequate. This definition, on the one hand, excludes from public registers some elements which are important for the state information structure, on the other, it grants a public status to typical private registers. An attention was paid to significant differences between register, file and list. The distinction of the concepts is one of key issues for the information deal implementation. A classification review of registers used in the subject literature as well as an attempt to built a classification of health care registers were made in the paper. This very classification was used for integration models' creation of public registers in the health care system.
Prognozy i oceny koniunktury w ankietach GUS
Authors: Guzik Bogusław
Published: February 2024

The question, “in which degree the surveyed business cycles test use the conservative principle status quo,” is considered in the paper. The survey concerned construction, commercial and industrial business cycles in general as well as by enterprise size. Three variables were compared between following sectors: sale, general company situation as well as payment capacity. The conformity of the direction, dynamic and conjuncture force was surveyed. Results indicate a diversification of company types. It can be estimated that prognoses are formulated with 50 per cent coefficient of the prognostic conservatism.
Wykorzystanie funduszy strukturalnych Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Zimny Artur
Published: February 2024

The aim of this article is to compare needs of Polish regions in two areas: human resources, information society as well as R&D, in pre-accession period with directions of EU Structural Funds usage in the years 2004–2006. Thanks to this it will be possible to find out, if regions with greater needs have spent larger part of EU funds on satisfying these needs? The results of the conducted analysis show that there exists the positive correlation between scale of needs of individual regions in area of human resources and the percentage of EU funds which have been spent on implementation of operations in this area in the years 2004–2006. With regard to area of information society and R&D there is the negative correlation between scale of needs of individual regions and percentage of EU funds which have been spent on satisfying needs in this area in the first years of EU membership.
Wielowymiarowy obraz ubóstwa w Polsce w ujęciu terytorialnym
Authors: Panek Tomasz
Published: February 2024

A multidimensional poverty analysis in Poland 2007 by voivodships has been presented in the article. It was based on the fuzzy sets theory. Four indices, measuring the extend and depth of monetary and non-monetary poverty threat were used. Moreover, two composite measures were used which estimated the range of the monetary and non-monetary poverty threat coincidence.
Metadane w pracy statystyka
Authors: Szutkowska Jolanta
Published: February 2024

A synthetic review of different aspects of metadata studies as well as tendencies of these studies are purpose of the article. These studies are continuous and need the integration as well as interdisciplinary way of thinking. Information on metadata is presented as follows: the role of metadata in society, the model of metadata, metadata and stages of a statistical survey, standardisation in metadata, different views of metadata (metadata and domain databases, metadata and improving statistical information quality).
LIMITAÇÃO DOS JUROS CONVENCIONAIS NOS CONTRATOS DE MÚTUO BANCÁRIO: reflexões à luz do Código de Defesa do Consumidor
Authors: Ricardo Lucas Nacur Almeida
Published: February 2024

A limitação dos juros convencionais nos contratos bancários é um tema recorrente no sistema jurídico penal brasileiro, especialmente por se tratar de uma das principais causas do superendividamento das famílias neste país. O tema é nebuloso, tendo em vista a contraposição de interesses entre partes extremamente desiguais: de um lado o forte poderio das instituições financeiras e de outro os consumidores, hipossuficientes faticamente, que muitas das vezes sequer compreendem com suficiência o instituto dos juros e o seu cálculo. Destarte, o presente artigo propõe uma abordagem crítica acerca do modo como vem sendo trabalhada a questão pelos tribunais superiores, propondo, ao final, uma nova forma de pensar o tema de forma mais justa, com base na doutrina nacional. Metodologicamente, privilegia-se a revisão bibliográfica.
ODE Model of Gene Regulation (for StanCon)
Authors: Modrák Martin
Published: February 2024

I have just finished my submission to StanCon Helsinki 2018 which deals with my ongoing work on Bayesian modelling for gene regulation. I submitted late, because I procrastinated a lot on it and I recently have terrible time management in general. So we will se if it will even get considered. View the compiled submission or check the Genexpi-Stan GitHub repository, to view the source code.
Approximate Densities for Sums of Variables: Negative Binomials and Saddlepoint
Authors: Modrák Martin
Published: February 2024

The Approximation - Big Picture Saddlepoint for Sum of NBs Implementing the Approximation in Stan A Simple Baseline Eyeballing Masses Evaluating Performance Summing up Saddlepoint Approximations for Other Families I recently needed to find the distribution of sum of non-identical but independent negative binomial (NB) random variables. Although for some special cases the sum is itself NB, analytical solution is not feasible in the general case.
The Supreme Court of the United States of America and the right to abortion: What changes does the repeal of Roe V. Wade ruling bring after 50 years of validity?
Authors: Mikić Vladimir
Published: February 2024

In its 2022 Dobbs, State Health Officer of the Mississippi Department of Health decision, the United States Supreme Court overturned the historic Roe v. Wade, adopted in 1973. This was achieved by referring to the fact that the right to abortion is neither expressly guaranteed by the Constitution or its amendments, nor by the American national tradition, and by referring to the member states of the United States as the only entities entitled to regulate the right to abortion. By reintroducing the possibility of limiting or abolishing the right to abortion through the laws of member states into the U.S. legal system, the Court laid new foundations for the debate that has for decades divided constitutional lawyers and American society into two mutually very distant poles.
About the legal nature of the European Union: European Union as a federation?!
Authors: Jagica Ferenc
Published: February 2024

Ultimately, after everything presented and analyzed - observing the European Union from the prism of constitutional and international public law - we could draw the following conclusions: If we are guided by the introductory pages of our work, we can say that the federalism(as we are nominated synonymously - in accordance by the subject and goal of our work - integrations) - according to the theoretical model of Daniel Elazar - evident. When we talk about the European Union as a federation bearing in mind the theoretical framework related to the federal government set by Ronald Watts and Wilfried Swenden, at the same time observing the simplest and most suitable analysis trough the three constitutive elements that make up the state: territory, population and sovereign power - we can see how it is beyond any doubt that it possesses the characteristics that define is as a federation, while, on the other hand, there are also noticeable peculiarities that lean towards the national sovereignty of the member states, Of course, in addition to all the features that place it in "something between". Hence it is, all things considered, a diabolic creation. Finally, federalization on the example of the European Union, is obvious. It was initiated and supported "from the top", not paying too much attention to the determination of the electorate body. At last, we could conclude that the existence of the European Union as a federation is desirable and, in all likelihood, the only state structure suitable to establish its state, constitutional and legal framework. Also, the most inconvenient thing seems to us is the establishment and functioning of the sovereign power, in addition to the clearly expressed necessity of respecting the authentic determination of the population and the territory of the member states. Of course, it is difficult to predict the course, pace and dynamics of these processes in realistic time frames, as well as the willingness to disregard (over)emphasize - not to deny! - the national sovereignty of member states, equalize equal opportunities and concretely balance, first of all, economic benefits. Consequently, the question is which country from the membership of the European Union would be eligible and entitled to be designated as the leader of its federal structure, at the same time ready and able to respond to considerable demands and challenges - of which, as we stated of the beginning of the paper, the decisive influence is the USA which, practically, after the end of the Second World War, predominantly guided the pace and dynamics of European integration flows - which, as we are witnessing, are placed on that path?!
Age-sex structure of the population of North Macedonia in the beginning of the 21st century
Authors: Apostolovska-Toševska Biljana , Ljakoska Marija , Madjevikj Mirjanka , Ninevska Hristina
Published: February 2024

The population sex and age structure is of exceptional importance, because of the remarkable demographic and economic consequences it leaves behind, so, its detailed analysis allows us to estimate the present and future potential of the structure's progressive tendencies, as well as the differences existing within the territory we want to analyze. Also, the sex and age population structures are extremely important for the future demographic and economic development of the country. These basic biological structures, in addition to the population's natural change, are conditioned by the modern general, social, and economic flows, i.e., the demographic transition, which spatially redistributes the population and thereby determines the characteristics of the population's sex and age structure in different areas. This paper aims to analyze the changes in the population sex and age structure in the Republic of North Macedonia according to the data from the two censuses conducted in 2002, and 2021 on a national and regional level and to point out the changes that have occurred during this period and their connection and relatedness to the demographic, social, economic and overall development.
Role of working capital management in achieving profitability in Serbia
Authors: Balaban Suzana , Stoiljković Bojan , Madžar Lidija
Published: February 2024

Most authors argue that working capital management has a significant role in achieving profitability. The aim of this research is to determine an influence of working capital management on the profitability of 141 Serbian companies with the highest level of business income that operate in the domestic manufacturing sector. Based on the applied System generalized method of moment (SYS-GMM) model, the authors show that the longer inventory conversion cycle has a negative and statistically significant impact on the profitability of the observed companies, while the other control variables, such as liquidity, financial leverage, activity and sales growth do not affect profitability. Based on the obtained results, the authors may conclude that the role of working capital management in achieving profitability in Serbian manufacturing companies is relatively significant during the period from 2016 to 2020. The obtained findings are significant for financial managers of manufacturing companies in the Republic of Serbia since they provide useful information about the intensity and direction of certain determinants of profitability. On the other hand, the results of this research are also of interest to wider public and policymakers, considering the fact that profitable manufacturing companies provide jobs, pay taxes, produce necessary goods and services and contribute to the creation of social well-being.
Impact of the event on the sustainability of the tourist destination: Perception and attitudes of the local population
Authors: Rudančić Andreja , Guzovski Marina , Smoljić Mirko
Published: February 2024

The issue of sustainability is at the centre of international concern with pressure on both commercial operators of all sizes and from all sectors, as well as private citizens to adapt their daily lives to reduce negative impacts on the environment. Tourism and its contribution to climate change are increasingly the focus of discussions. More specifically, the events sector has attracted attention and there is now a growing international debate on how to encourage event organizations to become more environmentally sustainable. The aim of this paper is to examine the perception and attitudes of the local population of the tourist destination Split on the holding of the Ultra Europe event. Empirical research is focused on examining the personal attitudes and reflections of the resident population by holding events on the sustainability of their destination. The general conclusion of the research is that the local population resents organized events, which causes negative phenomena such as saturation of the space by exceeding the reception potential, pollution of the environment with various municipal waste as well as noise in the space, which disrupts the natural harmony of the destination as well as its sustainability. Based on the results of the research, certain conclusions and reflections were projected that could be of importance to interested subjects in understanding both encouraging and warning situations.
Topical pharmaceutical formulations for irradiated skin care
Authors: Milutinov Jovana , Pavlović Nebojša
Published: February 2024

Radiotherapy as the application of ionizing radiation is one of the main current therapeutic modalities for cancer. However, one of the most frequent adverse effects of this therapeutic strategy is radiodermatitis, which significantly affects quality of patients' lives. Nowadays, there is no consensus on the appropriate therapy of radiodermatitis, however there are basic recommendations that should be followed. The aim of this study was to make a review of current recommendations during radiotherapy for the prevention of radiodermatitis through application or avoidance of application of certain topical pharmaceutical formulations. Most studies proposed the adequate personal hygiene as a general preventive measure. Basic recommendations also include wearing loose-fitting clothing, using an electric shaver, sunscreens, moisturizers, and avoiding alcohol and cigarettes. According to the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC), the only recommendation for the prevention and treatment of radiodermatitis is gentle washing using mild soap, as well as the use of topical steroids and silver sulfadiazine. Some studies report the possibility of using photobiomodulatory therapy in the prevention of radiodermatitis, as well as non-corticosteroid creams based on aloe, hyaluronic acid, calendula and comfrey. The use of comedogenic topical preparations, those containing alcohol, benzoyl peroxide and/or alpha-hydroxy acids, as well as those containing potential contact allergens and irritants, should be avoided. Adequate guidelines supported by strong evidence and consensus do not exist, and many recommendations were later refuted. Therefore, further research in this field is necessary to find a satisfying solution for an issue of radiation dermatitis.