bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection on breast cancer cells
Authors: Sommariva Michele , Dolci Maria , Triulzi Tiziana , Ambrogi Federico , Dugo Matteo , De Cecco Loris , Le Noci Valentino , Bernardo Giancarla , Anselmi Martina , Montanari Elena , Pupa Serenella M. , Signorini Lucia , Gagliano Nicoletta , Sfondrini Lucia , Delbue Serena , Tagliabue Elda
Published: June 2024

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), had severe repercussions for breast cancer patients. Increasing evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection may directly impact breast cancer biology, but the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on breast tumor cells are still unknown. Here, we analyzed the molecular events occurring in the MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 breast cancer cell lines, representative of the luminal A, basal B/claudin-low and basal A subtypes, respectively, upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Viral replication was monitored over time, and gene expression profiling was conducted. We found that MCF7 cells were the most permissive to viral replication. Treatment of MCF7 cells with Tamoxifen reduced the SARS-CoV-2 replication rate, suggesting an involvement of the estrogen receptor in sustaining virus replication in malignant cells. Interestingly, a metagene signature based on genes upregulated by SARS-CoV-2 infection in all three cell lines distinguished a subgroup of premenopausal luminal A breast cancer patients with a poor prognosis. As SARS-CoV-2 still spreads among the population, it is essential to understand the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on breast cancer, particularly in premenopausal patients diagnosed with the luminal A subtype, and to assess the long-term impact of COVID-19 on breast cancer outcomes.
POF-based biosensors for cortisol detection in seawater as a tool for aquaculture systems
Authors: Arcadio Francesco , Soares Simone , Nedoma Jan , Aguiar Dayana , Pereira Ana Cristina , Zeni Luigi , Cennamo Nunzio , Marques Carlos
Published: June 2024

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon implemented via D-shaped polymer optical fiber (POF) is exploited to realize cortisol biosensors. In this work, two immonosensors are designed and developed for the qualitative as well as quantitative measurement of cortisol in artificial and real samples. The performances of the POF-based biosensors in cortisol recognition are achieved using different functionalization protocols to make the same antibody receptor layer over the SPR surface via cysteamine and lipoic acid, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.8 pg/mL and 0.2 pg/mL, respectively. More specifically, the use of cysteamine or lipoic acid changes the distance between the receptor layer and the SPR surface, improving the sensitivity at low concentrations of about one order of magnitude in the configuration based on lipoic acid. The LODs of both cortisol biosensors are achieved well competitively with other sensor systems but without the need for amplification or sample treatments. In order to obtain the selectivity tests, cholesterol and testosterone were used as interfering substances. Moreover, tests in simulated seawater were performed for the same cortisol concentration range achieved in buffer solution to assess the immunosensor response to the complex matrix. Finally, the developed cortisol biosensor was used in a real seawater sample to estimate the cortisol concentration value. The gold standard method has confirmed the estimated cortisol concentration value in real seawater samples. Liquid–liquid extraction was implemented to maximize the response of cortisol in liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis.
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein reactive Th17 cells drive Janus Kinase 1 dependent transcriptional reprogramming in astrocytes and alter cell surface cytokine receptor profiles during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Milne Sarah M. , Lahiri Anirudhya , Sanchez Cristina L. , Marshall Micah J. , Jahan Ishrat , Meares Gordon P.
Published: June 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). T helper (Th) 17 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of MS and its animal model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by infiltrating the CNS and producing effector molecules that engage resident glial cells. Among these glial cells, astrocytes have a central role in coordinating inflammatory processes by responding to cytokines and chemokines released by Th17 cells. In this study, we examined the impact of pathogenic Th17 cells on astrocytes in vitro and in vivo. We identified that Th17 cells reprogram astrocytes by driving transcriptomic changes partly through a Janus Kinase (JAK)1-dependent mechanism, which included increased chemokines, interferon-inducible genes, and cytokine receptors. In vivo, we observed a region-specific heterogeneity in the expression of cell surface cytokine receptors on astrocytes, including those for IFN-γ, IL-1, TNF-α, IL-17, TGFβ, and IL-10. Additionally, these receptors were dynamically regulated during EAE induced by adoptive transfer of myelin-reactive Th17 cells. This study overall provides evidence of Th17 cell reprogramming of astrocytes, which may drive changes in the astrocytic responsiveness to cytokines during autoimmune neuroinflammation.
Identification of subclusters and prognostic genes based on GLS-associated molecular signature in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Xie Yang , Li Jun , Tao Qing , Wu Yonghui , Liu Zide , Chen Youxiang , Zeng Chunyan
Published: June 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease that affects the colon and rectum. The response to treatment varies among individuals with UC. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and explore potential biomarkers for different subtypes of UC and examine their association with immune cell infiltration. We obtained UC RNA sequencing data from the GEO database, which included the training set GSE92415 and the validation set GSE87473 and GSE72514. UC patients were classified based on GLS and its associated genes using consensus clustering analysis. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in different UC subtypes through a differential expression analysis of the training cohort. Machine learning algorithms, including Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), and Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE), were utilized to identify marker genes for UC. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to determine the abundance of various immune cells in UC and their correlation with UC signature genes. Finally, we validated the expression of GLS through in vivo and ex vivo experiments. The expression of GLS was found to be elevated in patients with UC compared to normal patients. GLS and its related genes were able to classify UC patients into two subtypes, C1 and C2. The C1 subtype, as compared to the C2 subtype, showed a higher Mayo score and poorer treatment response. A total of 18 DEGs were identified in both subtypes, including 7 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated genes. Four UC signature genes (CWH43, HEPACAM2, IL24, and PCK1) were identified and their diagnostic value was validated in a separate cohort (AUC > 0.85). Furthermore, we found that UC signature biomarkers were linked to the immune cell infiltration. CWH43, HEPACAM2, IL24, and PCK1 may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosing different subtypes of UC, which could contribute to the development of targeted molecular therapy and immunotherapy for UC.
Investigation on dynamic mechanism of fault slip and casing deformation during multi-fracturing in shale gas wells
Authors: Zhao Chaojie , Jin Yanxin , Wang Xue
Published: June 2024

Fracturing horizontal well casing deformation has become very prominent, particularly in tectonic stress-concentrated shale gas fields, limiting the efficient development progress of shale gas. The main failure mode of casing shearing deformation had been attributed to fault slip caused by multi-fracturing. The current research did not provide a clear picture of the dynamic evolution relationship between hydraulic fracturing, fault slip, and casing deformation. In this paper, the dynamic model of fault slip induced by formation pressure change is established, incorporating the effects of stress drop, physical change of friction, and casing and cement-sheath resistance loads. The discontinuous displacement approach and explicit/implicit coupling iteration methods are used to reveal the relationships between the effective normal stress, shear stress, friction coefficient, and sliding velocity during the fault slip process. Furthermore, the microscopic process of casing deformation sheared by fault slip is investigated using static equilibrium theory, and a characterization method for determining the amount casing deformation caused by real-scale fault slip is proposed. The results show that three stages exist in the process of casing deformation sheared by fault slip, including trigger activation stage, accelerated slip stage, and deceleration slip stage. Fault slip is clearly influenced by fault strike. To reduce the amount of fault slip, the fault direction with the maximum in-situ stress should be avoided as much as possible. Serious casing deformation still occurs for large-scale activated faults even though the optimization measure of wellbore structure has been well taken. To fundamentally reduce the possibility of casing shear deformation, it is necessary to prevent fault slip through optimizing the design of hydraulic fracturing. This study lays the theoretical groundwork for the casing deformation control method in shale gas wells.
A genome-wide association study reveals a polygenic architecture of speech-in-noise deficits in individuals with self-reported normal hearing
Authors: Bhatt Ishan Sunilkumar , Garay Juan Antonio Raygoza , Bhagavan Srividya Grama , Ingalls Valerie , Dias Raquel , Torkamani Ali
Published: June 2024

Speech-in-noise (SIN) perception is a primary complaint of individuals with audiometric hearing loss. SIN performance varies drastically, even among individuals with normal hearing. The present genome-wide association study (GWAS) investigated the genetic basis of SIN deficits in individuals with self-reported normal hearing in quiet situations. GWAS was performed on 279,911 individuals from the UB Biobank cohort, with 58,847 reporting SIN deficits despite reporting normal hearing in quiet. GWAS identified 996 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), achieving significance (p < 5*10−8) across four genomic loci. 720 SNPs across 21 loci achieved suggestive significance (p < 10−6). GWAS signals were enriched in brain tissues, such as the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and inferior temporal cortex. Cochlear cell types revealed no significant association with SIN deficits. SIN deficits were associated with various health traits, including neuropsychiatric, sensory, cognitive, metabolic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory conditions. A replication analysis was conducted on 242 healthy young adults. Self-reported speech perception, hearing thresholds (0.25–16 kHz), and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (1–16 kHz) were utilized for the replication analysis. 73 SNPs were replicated with a self-reported speech perception measure. 211 SNPs were replicated with at least one and 66 with at least two audiological measures. 12 SNPs near or within MAPT, GRM3, and HLA-DQA1 were replicated for all audiological measures. The present study highlighted a polygenic architecture underlying SIN deficits in individuals with self-reported normal hearing.
Association between Life’s Essential 8 and cataract among US adults
Authors: Meng Yang , Tan Zongbiao , Sawut Abdulla , Li Lu , Chen Changzheng
Published: June 2024

Currently, a comprehensive assessment of the relationship between ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) indicators and cataract risk is lacking. Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) is the latest concept proposed by the American Heart Association to comprehensively reflect CVH status. LE8 includes four health behaviors (diet, physical activity, smoking, and sleep) and four health factors (blood lipid, blood sugar, blood pressure, and body mass index). This study tried to evaluate the association between LE8 and cataract using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2008, a continuous research program which aims to monitor and evaluate the health and nutrition status of the US population. A cross-sectional study of 2720 non-cataract participants and 602 cataract participants. All participants were assigned to the poor, intermediate, and ideal CVH status groups based on LE8 score. Weighted multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the correlation between the LE8 score and cataract, as well as the correlation between each of the eight subitems and cataract, with potential confounding variables being adjusted. Then, restricted cubic spline analysis was used to further explore whether there was a nonlinear relationship between LE8 score and cataract. The proportion of cataract participants was 14.1%, 18.2%, and 20.6% in the ideal, intermediate, and poor CVH groups, respectively (P < 0.05). LE8 score was inversely associated with cataract risk, with each 10-point increase in LE8 score associated with a 14% reduction in cataract risk [odds ratio (OR) = 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79–0.93, P < 0.01]. Among all the LE8 subitems, physical activity, sleep, and blood glucose were significantly associated with cataract risk (all P < 0.05). Better CVH, defined by a higher LE8 score, is associated with a lower cataract risk. Efforts to improve LE8 score (especially when it comes to physical activity, sleep, and blood glucose) may serve as a novel strategy to help reduce the risk of cataract.
Zinc oxide nano-fertilizer differentially effect on morphological and physiological identity of redox-enzymes and biochemical attributes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Nazir Muneeba Anum , Hasan Murtaza , Mustafa Ghazala , Tariq Tuba , Ahmed Muhammad Mahmood , Golzari Dehno Rosa , Ghorbanpour Mansour
Published: June 2024

The aim of current study was to prepared zinc oxide nanofertilzers by ecofriendly friendly, economically feasible, free of chemical contamination and safe for biological use. The study focused on crude extract of Withania coagulans as reducing agent for the green synthesis of ZnO nano-particles. Biosynthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR and GC–MS analysis. However, zinc oxide as green Nano fertilizer was used to analyze responses induced by different doses of ZnO NPs [0, 25, 50,100, 200 mg/l and Zn acetate (100 mg/l)] in Triticum aestivum (wheat). The stimulatory and inhibitory effects of foliar application of ZnO NPs were studied on wheat (Triticum aestivum) with aspect of biomass accumulation, morphological attributes, biochemical parameters and anatomical modifications. Wheat plant showed significant (p < 0.01) enhancement of growth parameters upon exposure to ZnO NPs at specific concentrations. In addition, wheat plant showed significant increase in biochemical attributes, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, carbohydrate and protein contents. Antioxidant enzyme (POD, SOD, CAT) and total flavonoid content also confirmed nurturing impact on wheat plant. Increased stem, leaf and root anatomical parameters, all showed ZnO NPs mitigating capacity when applied to wheat. According to the current research, ZnO NPs application on wheat might be used to increase growth, yield, and Zn biofortification in wheat plants.
Fabrication of heart tubes from iPSC derived cardiomyocytes and human fibrinogen by rotating mold technology
Authors: Andrée Birgit , Voß Nils , Kriedemann Nils , Triebert Wiebke , Teske Jana , Mertens Mira , Witte Merlin , Szádocka Sára , Hilfiker Andres , Aper Thomas , Gruh Ina , Zweigerdt Robert
Published: June 2024

Due to its structural and functional complexity the heart imposes immense physical, physiological and electromechanical challenges on the engineering of a biological replacement. Therefore, to come closer to clinical translation, the development of a simpler biological assist device is requested. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of tubular cardiac constructs with substantial dimensions of 6 cm in length and 11 mm in diameter by combining human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and human foreskin fibroblast (hFFs) in human fibrin employing a rotating mold technology. By centrifugal forces employed in the process a cell-dense layer was generated enabling a timely functional coupling of iPSC-CMs demonstrated by a transgenic calcium sensor, rhythmic tissue contractions, and responsiveness to electrical pacing. Adjusting the degree of remodeling as a function of hFF-content and inhibition of fibrinolysis resulted in stable tissue integrity for up to 5 weeks. The rotating mold device developed in frame of this work enabled the production of tubes with clinically relevant dimensions of up to 10 cm in length and 22 mm in diameter which—in combination with advanced bioreactor technology for controlled production of functional iPSC-derivatives—paves the way towards the clinical translation of a biological cardiac assist device.
FADS2 confers SCD1 inhibition resistance to cancer cells by modulating the ER stress response
Authors: Ikeda Toshikatsu , Katoh Yuki , Hino Hirotsugu , Seta Daichi , Ogawa Tadashi , Iwata Takashi , Nishio Hiroshi , Sugawara Masaki , Hirai Shuichi
Published: June 2024

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is an attractive target for cancer therapy. However, the clinical efficacy of SCD1 inhibitor monotherapy is limited. There is thus a need to elucidate the mechanisms of resistance to SCD1 inhibition and develop new therapeutic strategies for combination therapy. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which cancer cells acquire resistance to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-dependent cancer cell death induced by SCD1 inhibition. SCD1 inhibitor-sensitive and -resistant cancer cells were treated with SCD1 inhibitors in vitro, and SCD1 inhibitor-sensitive cancer cells accumulated palmitic acid and underwent ER stress response-induced cell death. Conversely, SCD1-resistant cancer cells did not undergo ER stress response-induced cell death because fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) eliminated the accumulation of palmitic acid. Furthermore, genetic depletion using siRNA showed that FADS2 is a key determinant of sensitivity/resistance of cancer cells to SCD1 inhibitor. A549 cells, an SCD1 inhibitor-resistant cancer cell line, underwent ER stress-dependent cancer cell death upon dual inhibition of SCD1 and FADS2. Thus, combination therapy with SCD1 inhibition and FADS2 inhibition is potentially a new cancer therapeutic strategy targeting fatty acid metabolism.
Effect of digital multimedia on the adoption of agricultural green production technology among farmers in Liaoning Province, China
Authors: Yu Xueying , Sheng Guojun , Sun Dongshi , He Rui
Published: June 2024

Agricultural green production technology (AGPT) is essential for the sustainable development of agriculture, yet adoption rates among farmers are often low due to limited access to education and information. Based on the extended technology acceptance model, this study takes Liaoning, a major agricultural province in China, as a representative region to explore how digital multimedia influences the adoption of AGPT by farmers. The findings show that the perceived ease of use of these technologies significantly enhances farmers' intentions to adopt, while perceived risks detract from these intentions. Although digital multimedia effectively promotes AGPT by improving its perceived ease of use and usefulness, its role in mitigating perceived risks is minimal. Based on these results, we recommend that the government improve the quality of information on digital platforms by involving experts in the field and offer specific digital marketing training to potential users to increase the adoption of sustainable agricultural technologies.
Ixodes scapularis density and Borrelia burgdorferi prevalence along a residential-woodland gradient in a region of emerging Lyme disease risk
Authors: Logan James J. , Knudby Anders , Leighton Patrick A. , Talbot Benoit , McKay Roman , Ramsay Tim , Blanford Justine I. , Ogden Nicholas H. , Kulkarni Manisha A.
Published: June 2024

The environmental risk of Lyme disease, defined by the density of Ixodes scapularis ticks and their prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi infection, is increasing across the Ottawa, Ontario region, making this a unique location to explore the factors associated with environmental risk along a residential-woodland gradient. In this study, we collected I. scapularis ticks and trapped Peromyscus spp. mice, tested both for tick-borne pathogens, and monitored the intensity of foraging activity by deer in residential, woodland, and residential-woodland interface zones of four neighbourhoods. We constructed mixed-effect models to test for site-specific characteristics associated with densities of questing nymphal and adult ticks and the infection prevalence of nymphal and adult ticks. Compared to residential zones, we found a strong increasing gradient in tick density from interface to woodland zones, with 4 and 15 times as many nymphal ticks, respectively. Infection prevalence of nymphs and adults together was 15 to 24 times greater in non-residential zone habitats. Ecological site characteristics, including soil moisture, leaf litter depth, and understory density, were associated with variations in nymphal density and their infection prevalence. Our results suggest that high environmental risk bordering residential areas poses a concern for human-tick encounters, highlighting the need for targeted disease prevention.
Molecular networking and computational NMR analyses uncover six polyketide-terpene hybrids from termite-associated Xylaria isolates
Authors: Lee Seoung Rak , Dayras Marie , Fricke Janis , Guo Huijuan , Balluff Sven , Schalk Felix , Yu Jae Sik , Jeong Se Yun , Morgenstern Bernd , Slippers Bernard , Beemelmanns Christine , Kim Ki Hyun
Published: June 2024

Fungi constitute the Earth’s second most diverse kingdom, however only a small percentage of these have been thoroughly examined and categorized for their secondary metabolites, which still limits our understanding of the ecological chemical and pharmacological potential of fungi. In this study, we explored members of the co-evolved termite-associated fungal genus Xylaria and identified a family of highly oxygenated polyketide-terpene hybrid natural products using an MS/MS molecular networking-based dereplication approach. Overall, we isolated six no yet reported xylasporin derivatives, of which xylasporin A (1) features a rare cyclic-carbonate moiety. Extensive comparative spectrometric (HRMS2) and spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR) studies allowed to determine the relative configuration across the xylasporin family, which was supported by chemical shift calculations of more than 50 stereoisomers and DP4+ probability analyses. The absolute configuration of xylasporin A (1) was also proposed based on TDDFT-ECD calculations. Additionally, we were able to revise the relative and absolute configurations of co-secreted xylacremolide B produced by single x-ray crystallography. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analysis allowed us to deduce the putative biosynthetic assembly line of xylasporins in the producer strain X802, and could guide future engineering efforts of the biosynthetic pathway.
Density profile of 3He in a nanoscale 3He-4He superfluid film determined by neutron scattering
Authors: Kirichek Oleg , Lawson Christopher R. , Kinane Christy J. , Caruana Andrew J. , Langridge Sean , Charlton Timothy R. , McClintock Peter V. E.
Published: June 2024

For decades, superfluid helium has attracted the interest of the scientific community as an extremely pure realisation of a quantum liquid, only accessible at temperatures close to absolute zero. Previously, helium films have only been observed directly using X-rays. However, this method is limited to temperatures above 1 K due to the high levels of energy deposition, and it also suffers from an inability to distinguish between helium isotopes. Here we show that a 3He layer on top of a phase separated mixture film at 170 mK gradually dissolves into the 4He with increasing temperature. We also observe an anomaly in film behaviour near 300 mK and unexpected restoration of the layered structure at 1.5 K which is consistent with a re-entrant phase transition leading to the suppression of superfluidity in the film near 300 mK. Our successful application of neutron scattering to study helium films at ultra-low temperatures opens up new possibilities for future research.
Nanoparticle-reinforced SiOC ceramic matrix composite films with structure gradient fabricated by inkjet printing and laser sintering
Authors: Chen Xiangyu , Qiu Lu , Zhang Mengsen , Huang Jia , Tao Zhi
Published: June 2024

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) play an important role in various load-bearing applications. However, fabricating CMCs with both high toughness and stiffness, which are normally mutually exclusive properties, is challenging. Here, we develop an SiOC composite film reinforced with nanoscale tungsten-based particles with a structure and property gradient by integrating hybrid nanoparticle inkjet printing and selective laser sintering. Mechanical results of the resulting SiOC-WOx films exhibit a stiffness-toughness co-enhancement, including a 2-fold improvement in hardness and modulus, and a 3.8-fold better fracture toughness than the matrix material. Moreover, the films exhibit interfacial bonding strengths of up to 86.6 MPa and operate stably at 1050 °C. This performance is attributed to a gradient in the metal-to-ceramic composition and uniformly dispersed self-assembled nanoscale reinforcing particles. This nanoparticle laser sintering method could be used to prepare other materials with structure and property gradients.
Current national nature reserves are insufficient to safeguard the long-term survival of birds and mammals in China
Authors: Sun Weicheng , Zhao Yujin , Chen Wenhe , Bai Yongfei
Published: June 2024

Enhancing the connectivity of protected areas is a global consensus for conserving biodiversity. Yet, it is unclear whether habitats are sufficiently connected within protected areas to efficiently protect wildlife populations for long-term survival. Here we show that, in general, China’s national nature reserves can effectively protect about one-half of the bird and mammal populations within protected areas for long-term survival. However, they can only protect 25% of birds and 13% of terrestrial mammals with high motility. Areas of low conservation effectiveness are highly overlapped with protected areas of small size and high intensity of human activity. Artificial landscapes (arable land and built-up land), which account for less than 2% area of the protected areas, disproportionately cause nearly 40% of the connectivity loss. The results suggest that maintaining high levels of functional connectivity within protected areas is as important as maintaining high connectivity in the national or global protected area networks. Our findings have important implications for improving the management of protected areas in China and beyond.
A mild increase in nutrient signaling to mTORC1 in mice leads to parenchymal damage, myeloid inflammation and shortened lifespan
Authors: Ortega-Molina Ana , Lebrero-Fernández Cristina , Sanz Alba , Calvo-Rubio Miguel , Deleyto-Seldas Nerea , de Prado-Rivas Lucía , Plata-Gómez Ana Belén , Fernández-Florido Elena , González-García Patricia , Vivas-García Yurena , Sánchez García Elena , Graña-Castro Osvaldo , Price Nathan L. , Aroca-Crevillén Alejandra , Caleiras Eduardo , Monleón Daniel , Borrás Consuelo , Casanova-Acebes María , de Cabo Rafael , Efeyan Alejo
Published: June 2024

The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 controls cellular anabolism in response to growth factor signaling and to nutrient sufficiency signaled through the Rag GTPases. Inhibition of mTOR reproducibly extends longevity across eukaryotes. Here we report that mice that endogenously express active mutant variants of RagC exhibit multiple features of parenchymal damage that include senescence, expression of inflammatory molecules, increased myeloid inflammation with extensive features of inflammaging and a ~30% reduction in lifespan. Through bone marrow transplantation experiments, we show that myeloid cells are abnormally activated by signals emanating from dysfunctional RagC-mutant parenchyma, causing neutrophil extravasation that inflicts additional inflammatory damage. Therapeutic suppression of myeloid inflammation in aged RagC-mutant mice attenuates parenchymal damage and extends survival. Together, our findings link mildly increased nutrient signaling to limited lifespan in mammals, and support a two-component process of parenchymal damage and myeloid inflammation that together precipitate a time-dependent organ deterioration that limits longevity.
A new scheme for low-carbon recycling of urban and rural organic waste based on carbon footprint assessment: A case study in China
Authors: Zhou Kai , Li Yongze , Tang Yazhou , Yang Yuchen , Tian Ganpei , Liu Bo , Bian Bo , He Chao
Published: June 2024

Organic waste treatment is a major driver of global carbon emissions, thus its low-carbon utilization is essential yet unclear. Through a life cycle assessment of organic waste data from 34 provincial-level regions in China, we have determined that the synergistic and integrated utilization scheme (URIRP) with organic fertilizer and biochar as the primary products can reduce the annual life cycle carbon emissions from 6.9 Mt CO2e to 2.83 Mt CO2e. This reduction can offset 6% of the carbon emissions from the electricity industry mainly through carbon sequestration by application of biochar-based fertilizer, and fossil fuel displacement by bio-energy. Moreover, URIRP can promote the recycling of N and P, reduce annual emission of air pollutants by 866 Mt, and increase topsoil organic matter content by 0.25‰ and economic efficiency by 135%. These findings indicate that URIRP could realize sustainable management of UROSW with significant environmental and economic benefits, and contribute to the realization of China’s carbon neutrality goal.
Youth daily stressors predict their parents’ wellbeing
Authors: Lippold Melissa A. , Jenkins Melissa , Ehrlich Katherine B. , Lee Soomi , Almeida David M.
Published: June 2024

The experiences of family members are intertwined and the stressors of one family member may crossover to affect the wellbeing of others in the family as well. Prior studies have established that the stress experienced by one marital spouse can affect the wellbeing of their spouse and that parent stress can affect their children’s wellbeing. This study used daily diary data from 318 parent-youth dyads (Mean age parent = 41.34, adolescent = 13.18) to examine whether youth daily stressors (i.e., interpersonal conflicts and demands), were associated with parent wellbeing and cortisol levels. Parents report more negative affect, more physical symptoms (i.e., headaches/fatigue/stomach problems), and exhibit higher bedtime cortisol levels on days when youth experience stressors. These effects were consistent across different types of youth stressors, including parent, family, and non-family stressors. Youth stress may have important implications for parent wellbeing.
Rainfall intensification amplifies exposure of American Southwest to conditions that trigger postfire debris flows
Authors: Thomas Matthew A. , Michaelis Allison C. , Oakley Nina S. , Kean Jason W. , Gensini Victor A. , Ashley Walker S.
Published: June 2024

Short-duration, high-intensity rainfall can initiate deadly and destructive debris flows after wildfire. Methods to estimate the conditions that can trigger debris flows exist and guidance to determine how often those thresholds will be exceeded under the present climate are available. However, the limited spatiotemporal resolution of climate models has hampered efforts to characterize how rainfall intensification driven by global warming may affect debris-flow hazards. We use novel, dynamically downscaled (3.75-km), convection-permitting simulations of short-duration (15-min) rainfall to evaluate threshold exceedance for late 21st-century climate scenarios in the American Southwest. We observe significant increases in the frequency and magnitude of exceedances for regions dominated by cool- and warm-season rainfall. We also observe an increased frequency of exceedance in regions where postfire debris flows have not been documented, and communities are unaccustomed to the hazard. Our findings can inform planning efforts to increase resiliency to debris flows under a changing climate.
Cold H2–Ar plasma interaction with nickel α-hydroxide as a versatile nanofabrication tool for Ni@Cgr nanoparticles
Authors: Dragassi Marie-Charlotte , Haj-Khlifa Sonia , Menguy Nicolas , Redolfi Michael , Ammar Souad
Published: June 2024

Polyol-made turbostratically disordered nickel layered hydroxyacetate salt was exposed to microwave H2–Ar (90:10) plasma to successfully produce Ni@Cgr core-shell nanoparticles.
Insight into the transport of ions from salts of moderated solubility through nanochannels: negative incremental resistance assisted by geometry
Authors: Laucirica Gregorio , Hernández Parra L. Miguel , Huamani Angel L. , Wagner Michael F. , Albesa Alberto G. , Toimil-Molares María Eugenia , Marmisollé Waldemar , Azzaroni Omar
Published: June 2024

Asymmetrical nanochannels may show a high gating efficiency with a negative incremental resistance, leading to an inactivated state with low and stable ion current when the transmembrane voltage is sufficiently raised.
Natural triterpenoid-aided identification of the druggable interface of HMGB1 occupied by TLR4
Authors: Shen Pingping , Jiang Xuewa , Kuang Yi , Wang Weiwei , Raj Richa , Wang Wei , Zhu Yuyuan , Zhang Xiaochun , Yu Boyang , Zhang Jian
Published: June 2024

Using the unique triterpenoid probe, we found that the binding interface of HMGB1 was responsible for the recognition of TLR4 located on the “L” shaped B-box with K114 as a crucial hot-spot residue.
Dearomative pyrrole (3+2) reaction with geminal bromonitroalkane: synthesis of 2,3-dihydropyrroles
Authors: Shi Lin , Liu Lidong , Lei Xingyu , Wang Yihan , Fang Yeguang , Jiao Peng
Published: June 2024

Dearomative 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of 1-Boc-pyrroles with in situ generated silver α-bromo alkylidenenitronates delivered a series of 3a,6a-dihydro-4-Boc-pyrrolo[2,3-d]isoxazole-2-oxides (17–91% yields) under very mild conditions.
Combined experimental and computational study of the photoabsorption of the monodoped and nondoped nanoclusters Au24Pt(SR)18, Ag24Pt(SR)18, and Ag25(SR)18
Authors: D’Antoni Pierpaolo , Sementa Luca , Bonacchi Sara , Reato Mattia , Maran Flavio , Fortunelli Alessandro , Stener Mauro
Published: June 2024

The photoabsorption spectra of a set of monolayer-protected clusters and nanoalloys have been obtained at low temperature and compared with accurate TDDFT calculations. An excellent match between theory and experiment was obtained.
Unraveling the folding-assisted unbinding mechanism of TCF with its binding partner β-catenin
Authors: Vijay Amal , Mukherjee Arnab
Published: June 2024

This study utilizes molecular dynamics simulations aided with multiple walker parallel bias metadynamics to investigate the TCF unbinding mechanism from the β-catenin interface.
Manifestation of anharmonicities in terms of Fano scattering and phonon lifetime of scissors modes in α-MoO3
Authors: Nitharwal Ravindra Kumar , Kumar Vivek , Sahoo Anubhab , Rao M. S. Ramachandra , Dixit Tejendra , Krishnan Sivarama
Published: June 2024

Temperature-dependent vibrational characteristics of scissors modes of α-MoO3 in terms of Fano resonance and anharmonicity.
Binding energies of ethanol and ethylamine on interstellar water ices: synergy between theory and experiments
Authors: Perrero Jessica , Vitorino Julie , Congiu Emanuele , Ugliengo Piero , Rimola Albert , Dulieu François
Published: June 2024

Computed cohesive energy represents well the experimental desorption energy of ethanol and ethylamine deposited on a bare gold surface. Their binding energies on water ice cannot be measured experimentally, but can be provided by computations.
The effect of aging conditions at equal OH exposure in an oxidation flow reactor on the composition of toluene-derived secondary organic aerosols
Authors: Czech Hendryk , Yli-Pirilä Pasi , Tiitta Petri , Ihalainen Mika , Hartikainen Anni , Schneider Eric , Martens Patrick , Paul Andreas , Hohaus Thorsten , Rüger Christopher P. , Jokiniemi Jorma , Zimmermann Ralf , Sippula Olli
Published: June 2024

Analysis of physical-chemical aerosol properties challenges the concept of atmospherically relevant and irrelevant reactions in oxidation flow reactor chemistry.
Achieving reversible Zn chemistry by constructing a built-in internal electric field to dynamically eliminate local charge accumulation
Authors: Yang Xueru , Zhang Zhaoyu , Zhang Yufei , Du Wencheng , Ye Minghui , Tang Yongchao , Wen Zhipeng , Liu Xiaoqing , Li Cheng Chao
Published: June 2024

An innovative concept of constructing a built-in interfacial electric field for Zn stabilization is demonstrated using amphoteric polyelectrolyte complexes (CPs).
Review of the application of ionic liquid systems in achieving green and sustainable recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Shi Huiying , Luo Yi , Yin Chengzhe , Ou Leming
Published: June 2024

Over the past few years, the proliferation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as pivotal energy storage solutions has surged dramatically.
Periodontal disease and emerging point-of-care technologies for its diagnosis
Authors: Korgaonkar Jayesh , Tarman Azra Yaprak , Ceylan Koydemir Hatice , Chukkapalli Sasanka S.
Published: June 2024

Schematic representation of established biomarkers and various methods developed for diagnosing PD. Created with https://www.BioRender.com.
A comparative study of moisture adsorption on GO, MOF-5, and GO/MOF-5 composite for applications in atmospheric water harvesting
Authors: Saeed-Ul-Hassan Muhammad , Ehtisham Muhammad , Badawi Ahmad K. , Khan Asad Muhammad , Khan Rafaqat Ali , Ismail Bushra
Published: June 2024

Water scarcity is an alarming situation across the globe.
Design of Fe and Cu bimetallic integration into nitrogen-containing microporous graphene-like carbon via a hard-template-assisted strategy as an oxygen reduction catalyst for Al–air batteries
Authors: Liu Kun , Hu Ke , Zhang Nannan , Ling Yujing , Guan Xianglong , Xu Taotao , Zhang Angli , Wang Jing , Liu Xiaowu , Fu Xucheng
Published: June 2024

The performance of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) can be enhanced through the utilization of multi-heteroatom doped, porous, and layered electrocatalysts.
Porous high-entropy oxide nanosheets as highly-efficient electrocatalysts for water oxidation
Authors: Huang Ting , Gao Cui , Tong Yun , Lu Xiuli
Published: June 2024

A universal morphology-oriented strategy is developed for the rational synthesis of high-entropy oxide nanosheet with porous structure, which are presented as excellent high-entropy electrocatalysts for the electrocatalytic water oxidation.
l-Carnosine loaded on carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels for promoting wound healing
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Xinyi , Chen Wenjian , Huang Xiaoyi , Hua Tianfeng , Hu Jinpeng , Zhu Jing , Ye Sheng , Li Xiaojing
Published: June 2024

A novel carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel loaded with l-carnosine exhibits remarkable efficacy in enhancing the wound-healing process.
Selective C–H functionalizations of arenes catalyzed by poly NHC–Pd in flow
Authors: Huang Shiqi , Hao Runqi , Li Qiao , Wan Li , Chen Fener
Published: June 2024

A series of heterogenized NHC–Pd catalysts were prepared and exploited in flow C–H acetoxylation, iodination and nitrosation.
A green and efficient monoacylation strategy for symmetrical diamines in microreactors
Authors: Xu Qilin , Liu Hui , Li Zhenxin , Zang Yongjun , Li Guosi , Zhu Fucheng , Ma Shitang , Ma Yunfeng , Liao Maoliang
Published: June 2024

Superior selectivity and yield for monoacylated diamines; green reagents and relatively benign by-products; efficient processes with short residence time are discussed.
High-efficiency degradation of norfloxacin by Co–N co-doped biochar synergistically activated peroxymonosulfate: experiments and DFT calculations
Authors: Ta Mingming , Zhang Tiantian , Wang Tuo , Guo Juan , Yang Rui , Ren Jingyu , Zhen Yanzhong , Yang Chunming , Bai Chao , An Yanyan , Wang Yufeng , Liu Gaihui , Zhang Fuchun
Published: June 2024

Co–N co-doped biochar synergistically activated PMS for high-efficiency degradation of NOR. Graphitic N and pyridinic N co-promoted the non-radical mechanisms, including direct electron transfer, 1O2, and high-valent cobalt-oxo (CoIVO) species.
Correction: Interface construction of CuCoSe@NiS based on an ultrathin nanosheet for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Wu Wenrui , Yan Yue , Wang Xing , Wei Chengzhi , Yang Yang , Xu Tao , Li Xianfu
Published: June 2024

Correction for ‘Interface construction of CuCoSe@NiS based on an ultrathin nanosheet for high-performance supercapacitors’ by Wenrui Wu et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TA01430H.
pH-Sensitive doxorubicin delivery using zinc oxide nanoparticles as a rectified theranostic platform: in vitro anti-proliferative, apoptotic, cell cycle arrest and in vivo radio-distribution studies
Authors: Swidan Mohamed M. , Marzook Fawzy , Sakr Tamer M.
Published: June 2024

An innovative pH-responsive and biocompatible agent (Tc-99m labelled DOX-loaded ZnO@dextran) is developed as an intelligent platform for tumor-targeted theranostic applications.
Striving towards robust phase diversity on-sky
Authors: Kuznetsov Arseniy , Oberti Sylvain , Neichel Benoit , Fusco Thierry
Published: June 2024

Context.The recent IRLOS upgrade for VLT/MUSE narrow field mode (NFM) introduced a full-pupil mode to enhance sensitivity and sky coverage. This involved replacing the 2 × 2 Shack-Hartmann sensor with a single lens for full-aperture photon collection, which also enabled the engagement of the linearized focal-plane technique (LIFT) wavefront sensor instead. However, initial on-sky LIFT experiments have highlighted a complex point spread function (PSF) structure due to strong and polychromatic non-common path aberrations (NCPAs), complicating the accurate retrieval of tip-tilt and focus using LIFT.

Aims.This study aims to conduct the first on-sky validation of LIFT on VLT/UT4, outline challenges encountered during the tests, and propose solutions for increasing the robustness of LIFT in on-sky operations.

Methods.We developed a two-stage approach to focal-plane wavefront sensing, where tip-tilt and focus retrieval done with LIFT is preceded by the NCPA calibration step. The resulting NCPA estimate is subsequently used by LIFT. To perform the calibration, we proposed a method capable of retrieving the information about NCPAs directly from on-sky focal-plane PSFs.

Results.We verified the efficacy of this approach in simulated and on-sky tests. Our results demonstrate that adopting the two-stage approach has led to a significant improvement in the accuracy of the defocus estimation performed by LIFT, even under challenging low-flux conditions.

Conclusions.The efficacy of LIFT as a slow and truth focus sensor in practical scenarios has been demonstrated. However, integrating NCPA calibration with LIFT is essential to verifying its practical application in the real system. Additionally, the proposed calibration step can serve as an independent and minimally invasive approach to evaluate NCPA on-sky.
Photometric segregation of dwarf and giant FGK stars using the SVO Filter Profile Service and photometric tools
Authors: Rodrigo Carlos , Cruz Patricia , Aguilar John F. , Aller Alba , Solano Enrique , Gálvez-Ortiz Maria Cruz , Jiménez-Esteban Francisco , Mas-Buitrago Pedro , Bayo Amelia , Cortés-Contreras Miriam , Murillo-Ojeda Raquel , Bonoli Silvia , Cenarro Javier , Dupke Renato , López-Sanjuan Carlos , Marín-Franch Antonio , de Oliveira Claudia Mendes , Moles Mariano , Taylor Keith , Varela Jesús , Ramió Héctor Vázquez
Published: June 2024

Aims. This paper is focused on the segregation of FGK dwarf and giant stars through narrow-band photometric data using the Spanish Virtual Observatory (SVO) Filter Profile Service and associated photometric tools.

Methods. We selected spectra from the MILES, STELIB, and ELODIE stellar libraries, and used SVO photometric tools to derive the synthetic photometry in 15 J-PAS narrow filters, which were especially selected to cover spectral features sensitive to gravity changes. Using machine-learning techniques as the Gaussian mixture model and the support vector machine, we defined several criteria based on J-PAS colours to discriminate between dwarf and giant stars.

Results. We selected five colour-colour diagrams that presented the most promising separation between both samples. Our results show an overall accuracy in the studied sample of ~0.97 for FGK stars, although a dependence on the luminosity type and the stellar effective temperature was found. We also defined a colour-temperature relation for dwarf stars with effective temperatures between 4 000 and 7 000 K, which allows one to estimate the stellar effective temperature from four J-PAS filters (J0450, J0510, J0550, and J0620). Additionally, we extended the study to M-type giant and dwarf stars, achieving a similar accuracy to that for FGK stars.