bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inclusão de surdos na Educação Profissional e Tecnológica por meio de vídeo instrucional
Authors: Souza Keller Batista de , Riama Coelho Gouveia
Published: October 2024

Esta pesquisa teve como proposta realizar um estudo de caso sobre os benefícios do uso de um vídeo com conteúdo introdutório acerca da linguagem HTML, elaborado com técnicas de ensino proporcionadas pela pedagogia visual, com o objetivo de avaliar as contribuições desse vídeo no processo educativo de alunos surdos dentro da formação profissional e tecnológica. Foram utilizados como técnicas de coleta de dados a pesquisa documental, questionários aplicados aos docentes e entrevista com alunos surdos. Os dados coletados foram avaliados com base em elementos da análise de conteúdo e os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as técnicas visuoespaciais da pedagogia visual empregadas no vídeo, trouxeram como contribuição ao desenvolvimento da aprendizagem e da autonomia por parte do estudante surdo.
The Growth and Development of the Potato According to their Variety in the Central Area of Romania
Authors: DRĂGHICI Nicolae-Tiberiu , NAGY Alexandra-Mihaela , SAVA-SAND Camelia
Published: October 2024

In Europe, the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was first cultivated in botanical gardens. Currently, in our country, special emphasis is placed on potato cultivation, especially in the central area of ​​the country. In Romania, potato consumption is high, being considered ”the second bread” by the entire population. In this study, the capacity of growth and development for some potato varieties was observed, to highlight their suitability in the central area of Romania. Four varieties of potatoes as certified seed tubers were used in this study (`Productiv`, `Alouette`, `Salad Blue` and `Paradiso`). Varieties were provided by the Potato Research - Development Station from Romania. During the vegetation period, the following criterias were monitorized: the height of the main stem, the number of principal stems, the number of leaves on the main stem, the length of the median leaf on the main stem and the chlorophyll content of the leaves. The three potato varieties (`Alouette`, `Salad Blue` and `Paradiso`), were grown under the same conditions as the control (`Productiv`), in Sibiu county, Romania. Following the measurements and their interpretation from a statistical point of view, it was demonstrated that the `Alouette` variety had the best growth and development.
Effect of High-Power Ultrasound Treatment on Bioactive Compound Content and Chromatic Characteristics of Red Wines
Authors: MAIER Alina , PADUREANU Vasile , LUPU Mirabela , CANJA Cristina , BRANESCU Geronimo Raducu , PADUREANU Cristina , POIANA Mariana-Atena
Published: October 2024

The objective of this work was to investigate, at a laboratory scale, the effect of ultrasound treatment (frequency 20 kHz) on the extraction of total phenolic compounds and monomeric anthocyanins from crushed Merlot grapes in order to reduce maceration time. Antioxidant capacity expressed as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and chromatic properties were also investigated. Microvinification was performed on samples both sonicated with a probe-type ultrasonic instrument and untreated (control) and the maceration operation was carried out with sequential extraction (after 3, 5 and 7 days) to evaluate the effect of two factors such as amplitude (A), 70 and 90% and treatment time (t), 3, 4 and 5 minutes on the extraction kinetics of bioactive compounds and chromatic characteristics of the samples. The results showed that throughout the maceration process, the sonicated samples exhibited higher levels of bioactive compounds and chromatic characteristics compared to the control, with the values obtained correlating with maceration time, US treatment time and amplitude. Improvement in all investigated characteristics is evident for ultrasound treated samples compared to untreated ones. Our study provided useful data concerning the impact of ultrasound on the bioactive properties and sensory attributes of red wine, thus offering a theoretical basis for the implementation of this technique in winemaking.
Yellow and Red Synthetic Food Dyes and Potential Health Hazards: A Mini Review
Authors: BANC Roxana , FILIP Lorena , COZMA-PETRUȚ Anamaria , CIOBÂRCĂ Daniela , MIERE Doina
Published: October 2024

Synthetic dyes are widely used in the food industry to maintain or restore the colour of food during processing or storage, the azo ones occupying the first place in terms of the extent of use. Compared to dyes obtained from natural sources, synthetic ones present relevant advantages, such as higher stability and lower cost. Despite these advantages, their use has been linked to side effects, such as allergic reactions, carcinogenic effects, behavioural and neurocognitive effects, but also medium and long-term toxicity. In this context, this review describes the most used yellow and red synthetic dyes, namely Tartrazine, Quinoline Yellow, Sunset Yellow FCF, Carmoisine/Azorubine, Amaranth, Ponceau 4R, Allura Red AC, as well as their applications in food products. Moreover, it aims to provide current data on the toxicity issues and the possible negative effects on children's behaviour of these dyes, based on the evaluations previously carried out by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), but also on subsequent studies available in the literature.
Effects of Green Husks of Hungarian-Bred Cultivars on Their Walnut Bacterial Blight Susceptivity
Authors: BUJDOSÓ Géza , LENGYEL-KÓNYA Éva , BERKI Mária , VÉGH Anita , KITHI Laurine , ADÁNYI Nóra
Published: October 2024

The Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) is one of Central Europe's most grown nut trees. In the green husks of walnuts, among the most important bioactive compounds are phenolics (hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, naphthoquinones), which play an important role in the plant defense mechanisms against stress caused by various pathogens e.g., Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis, furthermore mentioned as Xaj. The study examined the full Hungarian walnut assortment to detect the difference in phenolic profiles of their green husk and the relationship between the concentration of phenolic compounds, as well as their effects on tolerance against Xaj. All the phenological stages were recorded by Ctifl scheme. The phenolic compounds were determined by HPLC-DAD-ESI-QDA method, after which susceptibility test was carried out. The results show that concentration of the phenolic compounds varied by cultivars; it was higher in the locally-bred cultivars compared to ‘Chandler’, a more widespread cultivar. Phenolic compounds inhibited the artificial Xaj infection in the green husk. This effect had a strong correlation with the high phenols’ concentration, except for ‘Bonifác’. It is likely that the phenolics’ concentration in the walnut green husk has an important role in their defense against Xaj infection.
The Economic Sustainability of Industrial Potato Production Within Entrepreneurial Strategies
Authors: HAMEED Khansa , HARUN Rezhen , FATAH Ava Omer
Published: October 2024

The study was driven by rising global potato consumption, the potato sector's economic impact, and the need for ecologically sustainable growing methods. The objective of the study was to identify entrepreneurial activity and the spirit in the context of entrepreneurship to achieve economic sustainability via the cultivation of industrial potatoes. Furthermore, it accurately recognized the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats this agribusiness in Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region of Iraq is confronting. This study classifies the farmer as an entrepreneur based on his alignment with various entrepreneurial activities, such as product diversification, hiring professional farmers, implementing an irrigation system, owning resources, conducting research and development, adding value to products, engaging in inter-sector interactions, and creating employment opportunities. Additionally, the farmer demonstrates entrepreneurial spirit through activities such as agro-climatic zoning, risk analysis, developing marketing strategies, having a vision, taking advantage of opportunities, encouraging others, employing critical thinking, and displaying resilience. In this study also the SWOT analysis was used. the primary strength identified was the improvement of the economy, whilst the biggest opportunity for the farmer included the establishment of a Lays chips plant by Green Iraq Company. Lastly, the major threats encompassed the lack of financial services and political instability.
Consumers’ Perception and Purchase Intention Towards Local Food: A Case Study in Sulaimani City
Authors: OSMAN Rebaz , HARUN Rezhen
Published: October 2024

Local food production in a short distance for consumers depends on a social structure and supply chain system.  In simple terms, the local food system is all about producing and selling food within a particular area. Decisions by individuals, households, and society regarding the utilization and disposal of food, as well as efforts to share food with others, are influenced by various factors such as gender, age, and social dynamics. Additionally, actions aimed at fostering transformations in food environments are also taken into account in order to achieve these goals, a questionnaire- based was carried out in the Sulaimani City in KRG-Iraq. Data was collected from consumers who were participated by an online-google form. A total number of 469 questionnaires were validated. A principal component analysis was run, followed by cluster analysis. The results lead to 3 cluster solution: “local food consumers”, “local agricultural supporters”, “health concerned”, being statistically significant different in terms of socio-demographic characteristics. The results are useful for future development policies of the local products.
Empirical Insights - Mapping the Key Factors that Have an Influence on Clusters Competitiveness
Authors: CHIFOR Diana-Cosmina , MAIER Lucian Cezar , ARION Felix Horatiu
Published: October 2024

In today's global economy, clusters have emerged as crucial drivers of regional economic development and competitiveness. This article presents a comprehensive literature review that sheds light on the factors that influence the competitiveness of clusters. Drawing upon a broad range of scholarly sources across various fields, including economics, geography, and management, we synthesize existing research to identify and analyze the key determinants that shape cluster competitiveness. The review highlights the importance of several factors such as industry specialization, knowledge spillovers, innovation networks, infrastructure, and institutional support in enhancing the competitive performance of clusters. Furthermore, the paper critically examines the methodological approaches employed in studying cluster competitiveness, providing valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers. By analyzing and evaluating the literature, this paper provides a deeper understanding of the dynamics of cluster competitiveness. Therefore, the research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on this important subject and underscores the significance of clusters in shaping regional economic development and competitiveness.
Prevalence of Corneal Lesions in Dogs After Non-Ocular Surgery: Impact of Preoperative Topical Lubrication and Duration of Anaesthesia
Authors: HERLE Adria , BOGDAN Sidonia , BETEG Florin
Published: October 2024

Corneal lesions are the most common ophthalmologic complication that occurs during general anesthesia (GA) for non-ocular surgery (Di Pietro et al., 2021). The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of corneal lesions in dogs that were administered preoperative ocular lubrication and those that did not and how the duration of anesthesia influences the occurrence of them. A fluorescein test was performed before and after anesthesia in 18 dogs undergoing non-ophthalmic procedures. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of 9 subjects each, group A which received preoperative ocular lubrication and group B that did not. Subsequently, the subjects were divided into three groups according to the duration of anesthesia in order to highlight the correlation between its duration and the occurrence of corneal lesions: group 1 (under 90 minutes) with 4 subjects, group 2 (between 90 and 180 minutes) with 9 subjects and group 3 (over 180 minutes) with 5 subjects. Only 11% (1 subject) of group A showed postoperative corneal lesion, while no subjects in the group B showed a positive fluorescein test result. 20% of subjects (1 subject) from group 3 had postoperative corneal lesions and a positive fluorescein test result, while no subjects from group 1 and 2 showed a postoperative positive fluorescein test result. The results of the study could not highlight the protective role of preoperative ocular lubrication. Further studies on a larger number of subjects and homogeneous groups are needed for more relevant results.
Effects of chemical regulation on the growth, yield and fiber quality of cotton varieties with different plant architectures
Authors: YE Sihong , GAO Jin , SUN Jiangxiong , PAN Zongjin , LIU Fei , DENG Xiaonan , HAN Wenbing , YANG Hua , WANG Baohua , Wang Wei
Published: October 2024

Chemical regulation has beneficial effects on the growth, yield, and fiber quality of cotton with different plant architectures. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of chemical regulators such as mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethyl-piperidiniuchloride, DPC), chlormequat chloride (CCC), thidiazuron (TDZ), and ethephon (ETH) during the growth period of cotton. Different combinations of chemical regulators were applied to examine the growth, development, yield, and quality of cotton. The results showed that the application of different chemical regulators had varying effects on the yields of the two cotton varieties with distinct plant architecture. Specifically, K1C1 (before and after topping with 1:1 25% DPC, 50% TDZ, and 40% ETH) and K2C2 (before topping with 25% DPC and after topping with 50% CCC, 50% TDZ, and 40% ETH) were sprayed on ‘Wankemian-1’ and ‘Wanmian-191’, thereby increasing the cotton yield. The K2C2 treatment increased the upper half mean length and fiber strength of the two varieties but decreased the fiber length uniformity index. The fiber strength, fiber length uniformity index, and spinning consistency index of ‘Wankemian-1’ were higher than those of ‘Wanmian-191’. Based on comprehensive yield, quality, and economic benefits, K1C1 and K2C2 were determined to be the most effective chemical regulators of ‘Wankemian-1’ and ‘Wanmian-191’, respectively.
Biological and phytochemical analysis of fractionated extracts of Ziziphus nummularia against pathogenic bacteria, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity
Authors: IMRAN Sehrish , BIBI Yamin , QAYYUM Abdul , NISA Sobia , SHAHZAD Raheem , ALHARBI Sulaiman A. , ANSARI Mohammad J.
Published: October 2024

In modern medicine, synthetic drugs are predominant, yet they often pose health hazards. So, there is a need to find natural alternatives. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. F.) Wight & Arn., belongs to family Rhamnaceae, is well known for its traditional value such as its fruits have been used as natural appetizer and orally consumed around the world. This study investigated the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of crude and fractionated extracts from the stem bark of Ziziphus nummularia. Crude extracts were prepared using cold maceration, followed by partitioning based on polarity into n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions. These extracts were subjected to phytochemical analysis and evaluated for antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities. The crude methanolic extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 136.49 μg/mL in DPPH and 78.9 μg/mL in ABTS assays. Antibacterial tests using the agar well diffusion method revealed that the methanolic extract, ethyl acetate, and chloroform fractions demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis, with inhibition zones ranging from 0 to 8.43 ± 0.23 mm at 400 mg/mL. The brine shrimp lethality assay indicated significant cytotoxicity in the methanolic, ethyl acetate, and chloroform extracts, compared to the negligible effect of the n-hexane fraction. These findings highlight the potential of Z. nummularia as a source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic applications against infectious diseases, toxins, and oxidative stress. Further isolation of pure compounds and animal trials are recommended to explore its potential in drug discovery.
Role of iron oxide nanoparticles in maize (Zea mays L.) to enhance salinity stress tolerance
Authors: MUKHTIAR Asif , ZIA Muhammad A. , ALAWADI Hussam F.N. , NAQVE Maria , SELEIMAN Mahmoud F. , MAHMOOD Athar , MAJEED Muhammad I. , HAFEEZ Muhammad B. , KHAN Bilal A. , KHAN Naeem
Published: October 2024

Soils have been getting worse over time, which has led to lower crop yields and nutritional value. This is because of too many conventional fertilizers, anthropogenic activities, and climate change. Soil salinity is also a big problem and challenge for agricultural scientists. To address this issue, nanoparticles are gaining a reputation in agriculture that can enhance salinity tolerance in crops, especially at early growth stages.  A pot experiment was conducted at Post Agricultural Research Station (PARS), Faisalabad to assess the impact of iron oxide nanoparticles (0, 15, and 30 ppm) and four levels of salinity (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) on morphological, physiological and yield traits of maize (Zea mays L.) in salinity stress. Salinity stress significantly negatively affected the growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, ion content (Na+, K+, and Ca2+) of maize plants. Salinity has also increased the levels of MDA, H2O2, and Na+ ions. The application of iron oxide nanoparticles through foliar spray had a notable impact in enhancing the growth and yield of the tested maize variety. It was achieved by promoting the activities of antioxidant enzymes, increasing photosynthetic pigments, and elevating K+ and Ca2+ ion levels under both normal and salinity-stressed conditions. Additionally, iron oxide nanoparticles mitigated the adverse effects of salinity stress by effectively reducing Na+ ion concentration, MDA levels, and H2O2 concentration. Among the different concentrations tested, 30 ppm of iron oxide nanoparticles proved best in alleviating the negative impacts of salinity stress in maize. Thus, field use of 30 ppm iron oxide nanoparticles as foliar spray could effectively mitigate salinity stress in maize.
Identification and expression profiling of heteroglycan glucosidase 1 enzyme of Cenchrus americanus
Authors: ALMUTAIRI Zainab M.
Published: October 2024

Maltose metabolism is a critical process during plant growth, which provides energy during development and reproduction. To investigate maltose metabolism in C4 plants, we identified and analyzed the expression of the heteroglycan glucosidase 1 (HGL1) enzyme from Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone. The sequenced cDNA of CaHGL1 (3469 bp) encoded for a deduced protein of 1047 aa. Transmembrane topology revealed that CaHGL1 is a membrane-bound protein that comprises a signal peptide and a transmembrane helix. The promoter of CaHGL1 contains cis-elements related to the responses to light, abiotic stress and phytohormones. Real-time PCR revealed high expression in inflorescence and roots during the vegetative stage. Moreover, phytohormone treatments caused an activation of CaHGL1 expression in the seedling root and shoot by ABA, cytokinin, and BL, and an inhibition by JA in the seedling root and shoot. However, treatment with GA and IAA caused an activation in the CaHGL1 expression only in the shoot. Stress treatment induced the expression of CaHGL1 under drought, cold, and salt stress. The results of the current study give insight into the activity of the HGL1 enzyme in maltose metabolism under abiotic stress, which can aid in understanding the different metabolic pathways in Cenchrus americanus under stress.
Protective role of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles synthesized using sesame oil as biocontrol approach against Erwinia amylovora causing fire blight in pears (Pyrus communis L.)
Authors: ATTIA Mohamed S. , ABDALWAHAB Mohamed A. , AWAD Adel A. , KANDIL Eslam K. , ASHRY Noha M. , ABDEL-MAKSOUD Mostafa A. , MALIK Abdul , KIANI Bushra H. , SALEH Sherif S.
Published: October 2024

Erwinia amylovora, the primary cause of fire blight, is thought to be one of the most difficult crop diseases to eradicate. The study aimed to evaluate the performance of essential sesame oil (SO) and silver nanoparticle synthesized by sesame oil SO-AgNPs against E. amylovora. Using GC-MS, it was found that essential sesame oil contains the main component of the oil was sesamin, asarninin, heptane, c-Sitosterol, anethol, and trimethyl -6- ((s) - 4-methylcyclohexan – 3 – en-1-yl)) tetrahydro -2H-pyran. The diluted sesame oil (SO) was used as a reducing agent in synthesis of AgNPs in aqueous solution. By using UV-Visible spectrophotometry (UV–Vis), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and Fourier Transformer InfraRed (FTIR) analysis, the produced Ag NPs were studied. The average particle size of the spherical Ag NPs was determined to be 54.98 nm using data from HRTEM and DLS. SO-Ag NPs (20 µg/ml) showed a promising antibacterial against E. amylovora, producing a 22.9 mm Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) against E. amylovora, followed by SO-Ag NPs (10 ug/ml) that gave 18.2 mm ZOI., compared to gentamicin that produced 13.2 mm ZOI. The most effective inducers were SO-Ag NPs at 10 ug/ml, which decreased the percentage of disease severity by 27.5 and increased the percentage of protection against disease infection by 68.39%. SO-Ag NPs was the most effective inducers which decreased the contents of Malonaldehyde (MDA) and H2O2 by 41.3% and 77.1%. Applying SO-Ag NPs or SO lowered the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and improved the fruit set and yield in infected trees. We could assume that, to prevent E. amylovora fire blight disease in pears, SO-Ag NPs, SO are safe, effective, and environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional antibiotics.
Effects of chemical fertilizer nitrogen substitution with rapeseed cake on microbial community in tobacco rhizosphere soil
Authors: WUJIN Xie , CAN Wang , CHAOLIN Liao , PENGHUA Xiang , ZHIPENG Xiao , YUFEI Zhang , MINGYUN Ma , MENGYU Xiao
Published: October 2024

Rapeseed cake is an important agricultural waste and it has the potential to improve soil fertility, crop productivity and microbial activities. Nonetheless, the effects of rapeseed cake on microbes of tobacco rhizosphere have not studied yet. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of rapeseed cake fertilizer on the inter-root soil microbial community of roasted tobacco. The present study was comprised of different proportions of nitrogen replacement fertilizers such as rapeseed cake fertilizer (N30:30%, N60:60%, N100:100%), and recommended nitrogen application as control.  The results of diversity analysis showed that cake fertilizer significantly increased the Ace and Chao indices of soil microbial populations, and Shannon and Invsimpson indices were significantly higher. Furthermore, cake fertilizer also significantly increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Ascomycetes, Intrasporangium, Chaetomium and Mortierella and decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Basidiomycota and Fusicolla. Moreover, cake fertilizer also significantly increased the abundance of stress-tolerant bacteria and animal pathogen-dung saprotroph-endophyte-epiphyte-plant saprotroph-wood saprotroph fungi, and decreased the abundance of their potentially pathogenic and anaerobic bacteria and unknown saprophytic types and plant pathogenic fungi. Further, available phosphorus (AP), soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) were identified as the main factors affecting the structure of the inter-root soil microbial community of baked tobacco. In conclusion, rapeseed -cake based fertility could be an important strategy to modulate the composition of bacterial and fungal communities in tobacco rhizosphere by improving soil properties, and decreasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SAC-OCDMA BASED MULTIPLEXED-FSO SYSTEM OVER GAMMA-GAMMA FADING USING ZCC OPTICAL CODE
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Khandelwal Vineet
Published: October 2024

The free space optics (FSO) and spectral amplitude coding-optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA)
systems have become two important areas for research in communication engineering. To utilize the advantages of both techniques, performance analysis of the SAC-OCDMA-based multiplexed-FSO system over gamma-gamma fading using zero cross-correlation optical code (ZCCOC) under the influence of atmospheric turbulence of different levels is presented in this paper. The system proposed here is simulated. The performance has been evaluated for four users with a data rate of 1 Gbps in terms of bit error rate (BER), Q-factor, received power, and with the aid of eye diagrams. This presented system minimizes the effect of multiple access interference noise (MAIN) and phase intensity induced noise (PIIN). For the designed system, optimal link range limits are identified and system performance is compared under different weather conditions. Moreover, the proposed communication system is also investigated for change in transmitted source power, receiver aperture diameter, and beam divergence values to find the optimal performance limits of these design parameters. Simulation
results prove that the system presented here performs reliably up to sufficient long link range values
ranging from 100 m to 9,000 m under extremely turbulent and clear weather conditions, respectively. Additionally, the system performs reliably without any significant amount of distortion with a low source power level of less than 10 dBm. Results also show that the system performs to a satisfactory level with 0 dBm, 15 cm, and 3 mrad as limiting values for the design parameters: transmitted source power, receiver aperture diameter, and beam divergence, respectively, under specified FSO distance values and atmospheric weather conditions.
The “English Model” of Agrarian Development: Past History, Present Historiography
Authors: Tribe Keith Philip
Published: October 2024

The English "Agricultural Revolution" of the later eighteenth century was widely seen at the time in Europe as the result of exemplary agricultural practice, and Arthur Young as its principal exponent. However, today economic historians disagree on both chronology and characteristics of this revolution, and the reliability of Young's voluminous writing is often questioned. The notion of an "Agricultural Revolution" itself dates only from around 1900; like the idea of an "Industrial Revolution" from which it borrowed, it is an idea that was not invoked during the period to which it refers. This disjunction between historiography and history - between the way in which events are subsequently described, and how contemporaries actually talked and wrote about their present - is overlaid by a further disjunction: while there was indeed at the time an ample European literature about the exemplary nature of English agriculture, not until the 1830s did the idea that the preceding fifty years were characterised by rapid industrial change become a commonplace. Today the mantra of "ideas in context" is broadly accepted; but which context? The context created by modern historiographies, or that of the beliefs and language and actions of historial actors?
Shareholder Loans: Fact or Fiction
Authors: Stevens Richard Arno , Steyn Liline
Published: October 2024

Shareholder loans are often used as an alternative to traditional third-party loans or equity especially for private companies in various jurisdictions, including South Africa, to finance their business activities. These loans provide companies with greater flexibility to meet their financing needs, i.e., there is no need to seek external financing while offering shareholders a potentially profitable investment opportunity. However, the legal nature of shareholder loans could pose complex legal questions and this form of loans may not necessarily be as straightforward as it first appears. This article explores the legal framework and practical considerations surrounding shareholder loans in South Africa in small private companies, with a focus on developments in case law and their implications for companies and shareholders. Amongst other issues, the application of the principle of arbitrium boni viri to the interpretation and enforcement of these agreements will be discussed. The article aims to provide a critical analysis of the legal questions associated with shareholder loans in South Africa.
Análisis multitemporal del cambio de uso y ocupación del suelo en el tramo del Qhapac Ñan Achupallas-Ingapirca
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Avilés-Sacoto Estefanía C. , Rodríguez-Ponce Jhonny P. ,   AGP Geospatial Company
Published: October 2024

El Qhapac Ñan, o Camino Inca, fue una importante red de caminos y senderos que conectaba los territorios del imperio incaico en América del Sur (UNESCO, 2014). En Ecuador, el camino se extiende por más de 100 kilómetros, pasando por varias regiones y provincias del Ecuador; según el Ministerio de Cultura y Patrimonio de Ecuador, el Qhapac Ñan
en el país fue construido a lo largo de varios siglos, comenzando en el siglo XV y continuando hasta la llegada de los españoles en el siglo XVI (Instituto Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural, 2022).
Crystallisation of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro v1
Authors: not provided blake.h.balcomb , Marples Peter , Koekemoer Lizbé , Fearon Daren , Tomlinson Charlie
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to identify novel therapeutic interventions and strategies for pandemic preparedness against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This protocol outlines the crystallization protocol and buffer conditions used to obtain reproducible SARS-CoV-2 Mpro crystals suitable for XChem fragment screening.
Sinai SCENT TMC - FFPE Blocking, Sectioning, and TMA Construction v1
Authors: Kim Sojin
Published: October 2024

FFPE Blocking and Sectioning protocol
Noise-resistant technique for recording pulse waves and measuring cardiac intervals to improve the accuracy of operational assessment of the patient’s functional state during a magnetic therapy session
Authors: Gurzhin S.G. , Shulyakov A.V. , Proshin E.M.
Published: October 2024

Modern non-invasive means of quickly assessing the functional state of a patient, widely used in clinical practice and especially in intensive care units, are based on the method of variational pulsometry, where the sources of information are the pulse wave signal (photoplethysmogram signal) and the duration of cardio intervals. However, due to a number of reasons caused by the action of various interferences, artifacts and the nature of the change in the photoplethysmogram signal over time, the measured values of the durations of cardiac intervals may be distorted and unreliable. These factors reduce the diagnostic accuracy of the method. To develop a methodology and hardware and software that work effectively in conditions of all kinds of interference, increasing the accuracy of recording the photoplethysmogram signal and measuring the duration of cardiac intervals. A method and technical means are proposed that ensure reliable collection of a pulse wave signal from a patient during a magnetic therapy session, its conversion into code, processing, noise-resistant registration of signal implementations on each cardiac cycle and measurement of their durations, which are used for prompt assessment of the patient’s current functional state using a number of calculated diagnostic indicators. Physical modeling of the pulse wave signal and simulation of possible random interference and artifacts made it possible to determine the potential noise immunity of the proposed technique and estimate the errors in measuring the durations of cardiac intervals. The introduction of the developed methodology and hardware and software into the “Multimag” chronomagnetic therapy complex will make it possible to significantly increase the diagnostic accuracy of the operational determination of the patient’s functional state during a magnetic therapy session, and accordingly increase the effectiveness of treatment.
Method of determination of integral and differential nonlinearities of ADC by three histograms during tests of diagnostic channels in complex magnetotherapy
Authors: Abramov A.M.
Published: October 2024

One of the most important components of modern electronic systems in the fields of medical technology, automotive, 5G communications, etc. are microchips containing analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) on a single chip. Aging effects, environment and mechanical vibrations have a significant impact on the operation of electronic systems, so microcircuits need to be periodically verified, calibrated and even replaced. For this reason, in order to control metrological and technical characteristics of hardware and software of the "Multimag-M" complex, which contains diagnostic channels for measuring pulse wave, respiration process, blood pressure and blood oxygen saturation (saturation), it was proposed to introduce an automated block of control, testing and self-calibration into the structure of the chronomagnetotherapy complex [1]. Application of BIST (Build-in Self Test) - built-in means of self-testing is a promising approach to solving problems of reliability improvement of modern microcircuits [2]. Most of the known BIST methods of ADCs require on-chip highly linear test signal generator (TS) [3-4], which is the most complex block. The ability to test ADCs with a large number of digits is limited by the linearity of the TS generator and as the resolution of ADCs increases, it becomes a difficult task to provide linear TS generation on-chip. The aim of the work is to develop a method for determining the integral and differential nonlinearities of ADC independent of the linearity of the test signal. A method for determining the integral and differential nonlinearities of the ADC, taking into account the nonlinear component of the TS, is proposed. This is achieved by sequentially feeding to the input of the tested ADC a periodic TS of triangular shape, a level-shifted down TS and a level-shifted up TS. The first histogram of ADC codes distribution at absence of TS offset, and also the second and the third histograms at TS downward and upward shifting. Using the three linked histograms, the contribution of the nonlinear component of the TS to the integral nonlinearity for each ADC code is determined. Given the nonlinear component of the TS, the integral nonlinearity for each ADC code is further determined, and then the differential nonlinearity of the ADC is determined from the integral nonlinearity. In addition, the method determines the displacement voltages of the TS, which reduces the requirements for the accuracy of the displacement signal reference. The practical value of the research result lies in the application of the method reducing requirements to TS linearity at self-diagnostics and self-calibration of microcircuits containing ADCs will allow to reduce the complexity of crystal design.
Methods for studying heart rate variability (review)
Authors: Vityazeva T.A. , Mikheev A.A.
Published: October 2024

Currently, one of the most popular methods worldwide for studying and evaluating the work of the heart, the functional state of the body as a whole and the state of various departments of the autonomic nervous system is the analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). To understand the mechanisms of analysis, it is necessary to review modern HRV research methods and analyze modern scientific data on existing research methods to assess heart rate variability. In order to obtain a complete picture of modern methods of studying heart rate variability, to study the long-term experience of scientists, physicians and engineers. To analyze a number of domestic and foreign publications in order to identify promising areas of research methodologies for an important diagnostic parameter – heart rate variability. Also, to show criteria that can increase the informative characteristics of the studied signal due to new methods of processing the electrocardiosignal. The analysis of a number of publications from domestic and foreign literature has been carried out and modern methods of analyzing heart rate variability have been studied. In order to increase the informative characteristics of the electrocardiosignal and the reliability of the analysis data, it is proposed to use new methods for processing heart rate variability in conjunction with the respiratory signal. The study and analysis of modern methods for studying heart rate variability allowed us to conclude about promising methods for analyzing the electrocardiosignal in real time, which is very important in the realities of time. Identifying the features of HRV analysis data processing leads to errors. The use of new electrocardiosignal processing techniques will increase the reliability of the analysis of heart rate variability data and informative characteristics of the analysis.
Rethinking large-scale assessment
Authors: Shula Lyn , Wilson Robert
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the implications of using large-scale assessment results (a) to make judgements about student achievement of educational goals and (b) to provide educators with directions for improving teaching and learning. First, an exploration of the goals of education and how they are developed is outlined, followed by a description of large-scale assessment programmes.  The construct of validity in both a programme sense and an assessment sense is described, followed by an analysis of the degree to which large-scale assessment programmes adhere to the resultant criteria. All of this discussion is then related to the experiences of two classroom teachers as they confronted their own dilemmas in assessing their students’ achievement and their growth towards educational goals.  Finally, the paper analyses the twin practices of large-scale and classroom assessment and makes some recommendations for future investigation of how they fit together.
Activities of N.I. Bulanov as City Head of the Stavropol City Duma
Authors:   Tolyatti State University, Kuznetsova Daria V. , Rumyantseva Nadezhda M. ,   Tolyatti State University
Published: October 2024

In 1873, the City Duma was established in Stavropol (now Tolyatti) as the highest body of local government. It was in charge of various issues: the formation of the external appearance of the city, the organization of cultural events, the development of education and healthcare. The functioning of the local government system remains one of the main issues today. Having studied this problem, it can be noted that, based on the accumulated experience, there is a transformation of the relationship between the government and the heads of local government. The authors made an attempt to address the history of the Stavropol City Duma of the 19th century and analyze one of the key figures in the system of self-government – the city Mayor, who occupied a fairly high status due to the concentration of both legislative and executive power in his hands. The focus of the study is on the activities of the City Head of the Stavropol Duma, Nikolai Ivanovich Bulanov, who was born into a merchant family and was able to receive a higher education, which made him very different from his fellow officers. Nikolai Bulanov worked for more than 30 years in the Stavropol city government and during this time made a significant contribution to the development of city infrastructure. The source base is includes materials from the Tolyatti archive: journals of City Duma meetings on issues of city improvement, formal lists, ballot papers for city mayor election, reports of city councils.
Novel derivative of nicotinic acid ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury via regulation of redox homeostasis
Authors: Loboda Yana V. , Korokin Mikhail V. , Kuznetsov Alexey V. , Malorodova Tatiana N. , Danilenko Anton P. , Peresypkina Anna A. , Gudyrev Oleg S. , Kop’eva Ol’ga A. , Pokrovskaya Tatyana G. , Korokina Liliya V. , Khruslova Valeriya N. , Nazarenko Valeriya A. , Avtina Tatyana V. , Deikin Alexey V. , Dolzhikov Aleksandr A. , Puzanova Tatiana V. , Danilenko Lyudmila M.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic with considerable significance in clinics as an anticancer agent, which is limited by its cardiotoxicity, though. A large number of possible therapeutic strategies for reducing cardiotoxicity with doxorubicin have been studied. However, none of them fully meets the requirements of clinical practice. The aim of the study: to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of a new original heterocyclic compound, a pyridine-3-carboxylic acid derivative potassium 5-hydroxynicotinate.

Materials and Methods: Cardiac injury was induced by intraperitoneal administration of doxorubicin (DOX) at a dose of 20 mg/kg. After 48 hours, the parameters of left ventricular contractility and StTTI coefficient were assessed on isolated heart in the Langendorff system under the conditions of 480 beats per minute for 11 seconds. Additionally, specific markers of myocardial injury were determined. The lipid peroxidation products and SOD activity were measured as well to challenge whether the compound is able to reduce oxidative stress.

Results: The study showed that pretreatment by potassium 5-hydroxynicotinate (35 mg/kg, 48 h) attenuated DOX-induced damage, resulting in a significant decrease in the StТТI coefficient to 3.3 values and in the restoration of the antioxidant activity of enzymes.

Conclusion: The obtained data totally demonstrate the protective effects of potassium 5-hydroxynicotinate in DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. A significant role in potassium 5-hydroxynicotinate-mediated cardioprotection is, apparently, related to the reduction of oxidative stress and down-regulation of the level of intracellular calcium.
Reviewed: The Face Authentication Processes for Accessing Cloud Computing Services using iPhone
Authors: Pukdesree Sorapak , Netinant Paniti
Published: October 2024

Presently, there are several IT services that provide services for convenient access. Users can access those services by local access or remote access from anytime or anywhere including services which are on cloud computing system. Furthermore, mobile devices are very more widely used in our society as we have seen the large number of delivered mobile devices each year. However, the security for accessing the cloud services must be concerned because there are many of illicit uses of the processes easier for fraudsters. Authentication is one of the ways to prevent fraudsters. This research proposes both physical features by using face recognition and voice recognition system and behavioural feature using password. This paper describes face recognition processes in more detail. Researchers also proposed adaptive biometric authentication for accessing cloud computing services using iPhone. The research integrates the adaptive biometric authentication with multi-modal approaches which have advantages in term of flexibility and security. The status of this research is in progress.
The Effectivity of Authentic Assessment Based Character Education Evaluation Model
Authors: Karim Abd Azis , Abduh Amir , Manda Darman , Yunus Muhammad
Published: October 2024

The research is aimed at finding out how effective the use of authentic assessment based character education evaluation model is when conducted and carried out in Model Elementary School PAM, Makassar. Besides, this research particularly studies some basic characters such as accountability and responsibility, honesty, togetherness, and discipline especially in the fourth grade of any elementary school in the city of Makassar. The type of the research is Research and Development (R&D) referring to 10 (ten) model steps. However, the implementation, in reality, does not always go the way it is supposed to be as a result of limited time and ability as well as the budget availability. The ten steps have been modified into three simple steps, namely: (1) introductory and preliminary research, (2) model design, (3) and the development of the model. The concept used, developed, applied within the essence is what research and development (R &D) is really about. The result of data analysis showed that the evaluation model of character building based on authentic assessment using behaviour approach meets the criteria of effectivity.
Examining Technological and Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Special Education Teachers Based on Various Variables
Authors: Demirok Mukaddes Sakalli , Baglama Basak
Published: October 2024

Integration of technology in special education has gained great importance recently and special education teachers are expected to have higher levels of competencies in integrating technology in special education settings and other important components of knowledge and skills related with technology. This study aims to examine technological and pedagogical content knowledge levels of special education teachers based on various variables. The study has quantitative nature and a survey model was used. Data were collected with demographic information form and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Scale. Results showed adequate levels of technological and pedagogical content knowledge levels of special education teachers and significant difference was observed between the teaching experience and the technological and pedagogical content knowledge levels.
Instructors’ Behavioural Intention to use Learning Management System: An Integrated TAM Perspective
Authors: Mokhtar Shamsul Anuar , Katan Hamidon , Hidayat-ur-Rehman Imdadullah
Published: October 2024

The higher educational institutions are introducing and implementing Learning Management Systems (LMS) for effective communications with students and for adoption of technology based learning processes. However, the success of LMS depends mostly on instructors’ adoption of LMS. This study is incorporating different important factors with TAM to study the impacts of these factors on instructors’ behavioural intention to use LMS. A sample of 247 instructors was used for model testing. PLS-SEM technique was used as a testing method. The PLS-SEM results show that Task Technology Fit (TTF), Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) have direct impacts on behavioural intention while TTF, Compatibility, Convenience, Self-Efficacy, Personal Innovativeness and Subjective Norm have significant impacts on PU and PEOU. Empirical findings of this research provide a better understanding for instructors’ adoption of LMS. In addition, the research highlights different aspects that lead towards successful adoption of LMS.
Test Bench for Functionality and Reliability of Power Protection Devices
Authors: Stanca Aurel Cornel , Ordace Anamaria , Ogrutan Petre Lucian , Aciu Lia Elena
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a test bench, designed for testing the functionality and reliability of a microcontroller based device meant to protect the consumers connected to the power grid. By means of this test system, the testing device is repeatedly applied to overvoltages, overloads, electric ground leakages
and an electric arc. The test system checks up the load disconnection, as well as its automated reconnection, and in the end it generates a test report.