bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The SARSense Campaign: Air- and Space-Borne C- and L-Band SAR for the Analysis of Soil and Plant Parameters in Agriculture
Authors: Mengen David , Montzka Carsten , Jagdhuber Thomas , Fluhrer Anke , Brogi Cosimo , Baum Stephani , Schüttemeyer Dirk , Bayat Bagher , Bogena Heye , Coccia Alex , Masalias Gerard , Trinkel Verena , Jakobi Jannis , Jonard François , Ma Yueling , Mattia Francesco , Palmisano Davide , Rascher Uwe , Satalino Giuseppe , Schumacher Maike , Koyama Christian , Schmidt Marius , Vereecken Harry
Published: February 2021

With the upcoming L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite mission Radar Observing System for Europe L-band SAR (ROSE-L) and its integration into existing C-band satellite missions such as Sentinel-1, multi-frequency SAR observations with high temporal and spatial resolution will become available. The SARSense campaign was conducted between June and August 2019 to investigate the potential for estimating soil and plant parameters at the agricultural test site in Selhausen (Germany). It included C- and L-band air- and space-borne observations accompanied by extensive in situ soil and plant sampling as well as unmanned aerial system (UAS) based multispectral and thermal infrared measurements. In this regard, we introduce a new publicly available SAR data set and present the first analysis of C- and L-band co- and cross-polarized backscattering signals regarding their sensitivity to soil and plant parameters. Results indicate that a multi-frequency approach is relevant to disentangle soil and plant contributions to the SAR signal and to identify specific scattering mechanisms associated with the characteristics of different crop type, especially for root crops and cereals.
Factors Influencing the Accuracy of Shallow Snow Depth Measured Using UAV-Based Photogrammetry
Authors: Lee Sangku , Park Jeongha , Choi Eunsoo , Kim Dongkyun
Published: February 2021

Factors influencing the accuracy of UAV-photogrammetry-based snow depth distribution maps were investigated. First, UAV-based surveys were performed on the 0.04 km2 snow-covered study site in South Korea for 37 times over the period of 13 days under 16 prescribed conditions composed of various photographing times, flight altitudes, and photograph overlap ratios. Then, multi-temporal Digital Surface Models (DSMs) of the study area covered with shallow snow were obtained using digital photogrammetric techniques. Next, the multi-temporal snow depth distribution maps were created by subtracting the snow-free DSM from the multi-temporal DSMs of the study area. Then, snow depth in these UAV-Photogrammetry-based snow maps were compared to the in situ measurements at 21 locations. The accuracy of each of the multi-temporal snow maps were quantified in terms of bias (median of residuals, QΔD) and precision (the Normalized Median Absolute Deviation, NMAD). Lastly, various factors influencing these performance metrics were investigated. The results are as follows: (1) the QΔD and NMAD of the eight surveys performed at the optimal condition (50 m flight altitude and 80% overlap ratio) ranged from −2.30 cm to 5.90 cm and from 1.78 cm to 4.89 cm, respectively. The best survey case had −2.30 cm of QΔD and 1.78 cm of NMAD; (2) Lower UAV flight altitude and greater photograph overlap lower the NMAD and QΔD; (3) Greater number of Ground Control Points (GCPs) lowers the NMAD and QΔD; (4) Spatial configuration and accuracy of GCP coordinates influenced the accuracy of the snow depth distribution map; (5) Greater number of tie-points leads to higher accuracy; (6) Smooth fresh snow cover did not provide many tie-points, either resulting in a significant error or making the entire photogrammetry process impossible.
Using Saildrones to Validate Arctic Sea-Surface Salinity from the SMAP Satellite and from Ocean Models
Authors: Vazquez-Cuervo Jorge , Gentemann Chelle , Tang Wenqing , Carroll Dustin , Zhang Hong , Menemenlis Dimitris , Gomez-Valdes Jose , Bouali Marouan , Steele Michael
Published: February 2021

The Arctic Ocean is one of the most important and challenging regions to observe—it experiences the largest changes from climate warming, and at the same time is one of the most difficult to sample because of sea ice and extreme cold temperatures. Two NASA-sponsored deployments of the Saildrone vehicle provided a unique opportunity for validating sea-surface salinity (SSS) derived from three separate products that use data from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite. To examine possible issues in resolving mesoscale-to-submesoscale variability, comparisons were also made with two versions of the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) model (Carroll, D; Menmenlis, D; Zhang, H.). The results indicate that the three SMAP products resolve the runoff signal associated with the Yukon River, with high correlation between SMAP products and Saildrone SSS. Spectral slopes, overall, replicate the −2.0 slopes associated with mesoscale-submesoscale variability. Statistically significant spatial coherences exist for all products, with peaks close to 100 km. Based on these encouraging results, future research should focus on improving derivations of satellite-derived SSS in the Arctic Ocean and integrating model results to complement remote sensing observations.
Generating Datasets for Anomaly-Based Intrusion Detection Systems in IoT and Industrial IoT Networks
Authors: Essop Ismael , Ribeiro José C. , Papaioannou Maria , Zachos Georgios , Mantas Georgios , Rodriguez Jonathan
Published: February 2021

Over the past few years, we have witnessed the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial IoT networks that bring significant benefits to citizens, society, and industry. However, their heterogeneous and resource-constrained nature makes them vulnerable to a wide range of threats. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel security mechanisms such as accurate and efficient anomaly-based intrusion detection systems (AIDSs) to be developed before these networks reach their full potential. Nevertheless, there is a lack of up-to-date, representative, and well-structured IoT/IIoT-specific datasets which are publicly available and constitute benchmark datasets for training and evaluating machine learning models used in AIDSs for IoT/IIoT networks. Contribution to filling this research gap is the main target of our recent research work and thus, we focus on the generation of new labelled IoT/IIoT-specific datasets by utilising the Cooja simulator. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the Cooja simulator is used, in a systematic way, to generate comprehensive IoT/IIoT datasets. In this paper, we present the approach that we followed to generate an initial set of benign and malicious IoT/IIoT datasets. The generated IIoT-specific information was captured from the Contiki plugin “powertrace” and the Cooja tool “Radio messages”.
IoT-Based Research Equipment Sharing System for Remotely Controlled Two-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy
Authors: Park Eunwoo , Lim Jaehyun , Park Byung Cheol , Kim Daekeun
Published: February 2021

In this study, two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) based on the internet of things (IoT) is proposed as a remote research equipment sharing system, which enables the remote sharing economy. IoT modules, where data are transmitted to and received from the remote users in the web service via IoT, instead of a data acquisition (DAQ) system embedded in the conventional TPLSM, are installed in the IoT-based TPLSM (IoT-TPLSM). The performance for each IoT module is evaluated independently, and it is confirmed that it works well even in a personal computer-free environment. In addition, a message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol is applied to the DAQ interface in the web service, and a graphic user interface for enabling the remote users to operate IoT-TPLSM remotely is also designed and implemented. For the image acquisition demonstration, the stained cellular images and the autofluorescent tissue images are obtained in IoT-TPLSM. Lastly, it is confirmed that the comparable performance is provided with the conventional TPLSM by evaluating the imaging conditions and qualities of the three-dimensional image stacks processed in IoT-TPLSM.
Development of a Virtual Reality Simulator for an Intelligent Robotic System Used in Ankle Rehabilitation
Authors: Covaciu Florin , Pisla Adrian , Iordan Anca-Elena
Published: February 2021

The traditional systems used in the physiotherapy rehabilitation process are evolving towards more advanced systems that use virtual reality (VR) environments so that the patient in the rehabilitation process can perform various exercises in an interactive way, thus improving the patient’s motivation and reducing the therapist’s work. The paper presents a VR simulator for an intelligent robotic system of physiotherapeutic rehabilitation of the ankle of a person who has had a stroke. This simulator can interact with a real human subject by attaching a sensor that contains a gyroscope and accelerometer to identify the position and acceleration of foot movement on three axes. An electromyography (EMG) sensor is also attached to the patient’s leg muscles to measure muscle activity because a patient who is in a worse condition has weaker muscle activity. The data collected from the sensors are taken by an intelligent module that uses machine learning to create new levels of exercise and control of the robotic rehabilitation structure of the virtual environment. Starting from these objectives, the virtual reality simulator created will have a low dependence on the therapist, this being the main improvement over other simulators already created for this purpose.
Kalman Filter-Based Fusion of Collocated Acceleration, GNSS and Rotation Data for 6C Motion Tracking
Authors: Rossi Yara , Tatsis Konstantinos , Awadaljeed Mudathir , Arbogast Konstantin , Chatzi Eleni , Rothacher Markus , Clinton John
Published: February 2021

The ground motion of an earthquake or the ambient motion of a large engineered structure not only has translational motion, but it also includes rotation around all three axes. No current sensor can record all six components, while the fusion of individual instruments that could provide such recordings, such as accelerometers or Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, and rotational sensors, is non-trivial. We propose achieving such a fusion via a six-component (6C) Kalman filter (KF) that is suitable for structural monitoring applications, as well as earthquake monitoring. In order to develop and validate this methodology, we have set up an experimental case study, relying on the use of an industrial six-axis robot arm, on which the instruments are mounted. The robot simulates the structural motion resulting atop a wind-excited wind turbine tower. The quality of the 6C KF reconstruction is assessed by comparing the estimated response to the feedback system of the robot, which performed the experiments. The fusion of rotational information yields significant improvement for both the acceleration recordings but also the GNSS positions, as evidenced via the substantial reduction of the RMSE, expressed as the difference between the KF predictions and robot feedback. This work puts forth, for the first time, a KF-based fusion for all six motion components, validated against a high-precision ground truth measurement. The proposed filter formulation is able to exploit the strengths of each instrument and recover more precise motion estimates that can be exploited for multiple purposes.
Invariant Image Representation Using Novel Fractional-Order Polar Harmonic Fourier Moments
Authors: Wang Chunpeng , Gao Hongling , Yang Meihong , Li Jian , Ma Bin , Hao Qixian
Published: February 2021

Continuous orthogonal moments, for which continuous functions are used as kernel functions, are invariant to rotation and scaling, and they have been greatly developed over the recent years. Among continuous orthogonal moments, polar harmonic Fourier moments (PHFMs) have superior performance and strong image description ability. In order to improve the performance of PHFMs in noise resistance and image reconstruction, PHFMs, which can only take integer numbers, are extended to fractional-order polar harmonic Fourier moments (FrPHFMs) in this paper. Firstly, the radial polynomials of integer-order PHFMs are modified to obtain fractional-order radial polynomials, and FrPHFMs are constructed based on the fractional-order radial polynomials; subsequently, the strong reconstruction ability, orthogonality, and geometric invariance of the proposed FrPHFMs are proven; and, finally, the performance of the proposed FrPHFMs is compared with that of integer-order PHFMs, fractional-order radial harmonic Fourier moments (FrRHFMs), fractional-order polar harmonic transforms (FrPHTs), and fractional-order Zernike moments (FrZMs). The experimental results show that the FrPHFMs constructed in this paper are superior to integer-order PHFMs and other fractional-order continuous orthogonal moments in terms of performance in image reconstruction and object recognition, as well as that the proposed FrPHFMs have strong image description ability and good stability.
Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Using a Pressure Fluctuation Energy Harvester
Authors: Aranda Jesus Javier , Bader Sebastian , Oelmann Bengt
Published: February 2021

Condition monitoring devices in hydraulic systems that use batteries or require wired infrastructure have drawbacks that affect their installation, maintenance costs, and deployment flexibility. Energy harvesting technologies can serve as an alternative power supply for system loads, eliminating batteries and wiring requirements. Despite the interest in pressure fluctuation energy harvesters, few studies consider end-to-end implementations, especially for cases with low-amplitude pressure fluctuations. This generates a research gap regarding the practical amount of energy available to the load under these conditions, as well as interface circuit requirements and techniques for efficient energy conversion. In this paper, we present a self-powered sensor that integrates an energy harvester and a wireless sensing system. The energy harvester converts pressure fluctuations in hydraulic systems into electrical energy using an acoustic resonator, a piezoelectric stack, and an interface circuit. The prototype wireless sensor consists of an industrial pressure sensor and a low-power Bluetooth System-on-chip that samples and wirelessly transmits pressure data. We present a subsystem analysis and a full system implementation that considers hydraulic systems with pressure fluctuation amplitudes of less than 1 bar and frequencies of less than 300 Hz. The study examines the frequency response of the energy harvester, the performance of the interface circuit, and the advantages of using an active power improvement unit adapted for piezoelectric stacks. We show that the interface circuit used improves the performance of the energy harvester compared to previous similar studies, showing more power generation compared to the standard interface. Experimental measurements show that the self-powered sensor system can start up by harvesting energy from pressure fluctuations with amplitudes starting at 0.2 bar at 200 Hz. It can also sample and transmit sensor data at a rate of 100 Hz at 0.7 bar at 200 Hz. The system is implemented with off-the-shelf circuits.
Investigating the Trackability of Silicon Microprobes in High-Speed Surface Measurements
Authors: Xu Min , Li Zhi , Fahrbach Michael , Peiner Erwin , Brand Uwe
Published: February 2021

High-speed tactile roughness measurements set high demand on the trackability of the stylus probe. Because of the features of low mass, low probing force, and high signal linearity, the piezoresistive silicon microprobe is a hopeful candidate for high-speed roughness measurements. This paper investigates the trackability of these microprobes through building a theoretical dynamic model, measuring their resonant response, and performing tip-flight experiments on surfaces with sharp variations. Two microprobes are investigated and compared: one with an integrated silicon tip and one with a diamond tip glued to the end of the cantilever. The result indicates that the microprobe with the silicon tip has high trackability for measurements up to traverse speeds of 10 mm/s, while the resonant response of the microprobe with diamond tip needs to be improved for the application in high-speed topography measurements.
DTM to NURBS—A Parametric Approach to Landscape Modeling for an Environmentally-Conscious Design
Authors: D’Uva Domenico , Eugeni Federico
Published: February 2021

This research aims to develop a methodology for geometric analysis of the territory, which, by means of a specially designed digital tool, allows quantitative assessments useful for drawing up sustainability policies. The difficulty of working with this type of procedure is the sectorialisation of technical skills among those who deal with design at the architectural scale and those who work at territorial scale. The undertaken methodology establishes a workflow that can export data from a GIS tool and import it into a three-dimensional modeler. To do this you need an intermediate tool, a parametric software. The explained procedure aims to have maximum freedom of model geometries processing. Therefore, it has been based on Nurbs mathematical models. The application tested with this is the solar radiation analysis in the territory of Ortona, Italy, on the Adriatic coast. Starting from the cartographic data of the Abruzzo Region, the three-dimensional model has been developed and it has built a base for further analysis. This working methodology ensures efficient results with a low amount of human iteration to generate the final model. Some of the procedure’s limitations have been explained in detail, mainly due to the structure of the used components.
The Impact of Economic Freedom on Economic and Environmental Performance: Evidence from European Countries
Authors: Rapsikevicius Jonas , Bruneckiene Jurgita , Lukauskas Mantas , Mikalonis Sarunas
Published: February 2021

The EU Green Deal and its impact on economic transformation provoked a slightly forgotten free market vs. market regulation discussion, but in the light of a new context—economic and environmental performance development. The economic shock caused by COVID-19, which transformed economies and societies, intensified this discussion. This article analyses the impact of economic freedom on economic performance and environmental performance in European countries. The article contributes to a gap in the literature, because, to date, research has examined the effects of economic freedom, or some of its components, on economic or environmental measures in groups of nations with a lacking sustainable development context. In addition, the mixed results obtained led to confusion in perceptions and knowledge about the influence and usefulness of economic freedom for economic and environmental performance. We also found mixed results regarding the influence of economic freedom on economic and environmental performance, but the introduction of a new concept—the optimal level of economic freedom—organized the different results into a coherent logical sequence. The paper provides original empirical evidence and specifies the targets of structural reforms. The results are thus useful for policymakers to develop more appropriate and efficient economic freedom.
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for Fault Dislocation Magnitude Induced by Strong Earthquakes: A Case Study of the Sichuan-Yunnan Region
Authors: Fu Xingwei , Ma Yalina , Cui Zhen
Published: February 2021

Seismic risk in this region is high in Sichuan-Yunnan region of western China, and active faults are well developed in this region. Tunneling in this region would inevitably come across with active faults, and the stability of the tunnel would face serious threats due to the dislocation of an active fault. The magnitude of the fault dislocation is an important design parameter in the design work of tunnels across an active fault. However, traditionally this parameter is estimated as a deterministic value that is often overestimated. In this paper, the probabilistic analysis method was introduced into the estimation of the dislocation magnitude for a tunnel in Sichuan-Yunnan region. To demonstrate the proposed approach, the Xianglushan tunnel in the Central-Yunnan-Water-Transmission Project, which crosses the Longpan–Qiaohou active fault, was taken as an example case. The seismicity parameters in Sichuan-Yunnan region and the dislocation probability caused by earthquakes are considered. The fault dislocation magnitude that may occur during the service life of the tunnel can be estimated as a probability function, and parameter analysis was conducted. Thus, anti-dislocation design work of the tunnel may be conducted based on this reasonable estimation.
Innovative Green Initiatives in the Manufacturing SME Sector in Poland
Authors: Wysocki Jacek
Published: February 2021

Operating a business in the context of current environmental challenges requires managers to shift away from the management model focused solely on the achievement of economic goals. In this situation, pro-ecological (green) initiatives, in particular those that are innovative, are gaining significance. These measures allow for the mitigation and/or elimination of the environmental pollution while generating at the same time certain benefits for the companies implementing them, which is reflected in the improved financial performance. Ecological innovation (eco-innovation) is an ideal solution that allows business entities to achieve both environmental and economic goals. Nevertheless, other green initiatives may also contribute to the accomplishment of such objectives. This article aims to indicate innovative green initiatives undertaken in the SME sector, while identifying at the same time their impact on the operation of entities in this sector. It was accomplished on the basis of empirical research conducted on a sample of 342 manufacturing enterprises operating in Poland. The obtained results gave rise to the conclusion that the undertaken innovative green initiatives do not only combine environmental objectives with economic objectives, but also bring measurable benefits to the implementers (e.g., revenue growth), which occurs in parallel to environmental safety maintenance.
Enhancing Air Quality for Embedded Hospital Germicidal Lamps
Authors: Chen Jung-Shun
Published: February 2021

The indoor air of a hospital is always full of bacteria and viruses due to patients with different diseases. These bacteria and viruses could be highly infectious to the people in the hospital irrespective of their health conditions, and could be hazardous to the patients, their care takers, and hospital staff. Thus, keeping a good hospital air quality is very essential to the operation of the hospital. This study aims at enhancing ventilation of the interior lighting of hospitals with germicidal capabilities. Air disinfection is accomplished by adding the specially designed disinfecting filters and fans to existing embedded lamps in the hospitals. The embedded lamp has a square shape of 601 mm in width and 112 mm in thickness. In the design stage, the air flow inside the embedded lamp with the added filters and fans was investigated by numerical simulation using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool. Three designs, referred to as Types 1, 2, and 3, were evaluated using steady-state CFD flow simulations. The ventilation rate of the Type 1 design was about 251.9 CMH, and 348.3 CMH for the Type 2 design by increasing the fan outlet area. However, even though the ventilation was increased by 34%, the flow field of the Type 2 design was not uniform, resulting in flows being circulated around the side locations. Thus, the Type 3 design further treats this aspect by streamlining the outlet geometry and adding flow guiding vanes to reduce flow resistance and flow unsteadiness; the corresponding air ventilation rate reached 376.3 CMH. Hence, the Type 3 design was fabricated and tested. The test results confirm that the design not only has a higher ventilation rate but also operates under a smaller pressure drop, thus accomplishing the goal of providing good air quality in the hospital environment efficiently. Moreover, the associated flow noise is reduced by about 8 dBA. Hence, both an increase in the air ventilation rate and a reduction of noise are achieved simultaneously by the present method.
Environmental Regulation, Resource Misallocation and Industrial Total Factor Productivity: A Spatial Empirical Study Based on China’s Provincial Panel Data
Authors: Dong Xu , Yang Yali , Zhao Xiaomeng , Feng Yingjie , Liu Chenguang
Published: February 2021

A vast theoretical and empirical literature has been devoted to exploring the relationship between environmental regulation and total factor productivity (TFP), but no consensus has been reached and the reason may be attributed to the fact that the resource reallocation effect of environmental regulation is ignored. In this paper, we introduce resource misallocation in the process of discussing the impact of environmental regulation on TFP, taking China’s provincial industrial panel data from 1997 to 2017 as a sample, and the spatial econometric method is employed to investigate whether environmental regulation has a resource reallocation effect and affects TFP. The results indicate that there is a U-shaped relationship between environmental regulation and industrial TFP and a negative spatial spillover effect of environmental regulation on industrial TFP at the provincial level in China. Both capital misallocation and labor misallocation will lead to the loss of industrial TFP. Capital misallocation has a negative spatial spillover effect on industrial TFP, while labor misallocation is just the opposite. Environmental regulation can produce a positive resource reallocation effect, which in turn promotes the industrial TFP in the range of 28% to 33%, while capital misallocation and labor misallocation are only partial mediator.
A Combined Measurement and Modelling Approach to Assess the Sustainability of Whole-Tree Harvesting—A Swedish Case Study
Authors: Akselsson Cecilia , Kronnäs Veronika , Stadlinger Nadja , Zanchi Giuliana , Belyazid Salim , Karlsson Per Erik , Hellsten Sofie , Karlsson Gunilla Pihl
Published: February 2021

The demand of renewable energy has increased the interest in whole-tree harvesting. The sustainability of whole-tree harvesting after clear-cutting, from an acidification point of view, depends on two factors: the present acidification status and the further loss of buffering capacity at harvesting. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between these two factors at 26 sites along an acidification gradient in Sweden, to divide the sites into risk classes, and to examine the geographical distribution of them in order to provide policy-relevant insights. The present status was represented by the acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) in soil solution, and the loss of buffering capacity was represented by the estimated exceedance of critical biomass harvesting (CBH). The sites were divided into three risk classes combining ANC and exceedance of CBH. ANC and exceedance of CBH were negatively correlated, and most sites had either ANC < 0 and exceedance (high risk) or ANC > 0 and no exceedance (low risk). There was a geographical pattern, with the high risk class concentrated to southern Sweden, which was mainly explained by higher historical sulfur deposition and site productivity in the south. The risk classes can be used in the formulation of policies on whole-tree harvesting and wood ash recycling.
Applying Deep Learning Techniques for Sentiment Analysis to Assess Sustainable Transport
Authors: Serna Ainhoa , Soroa Aitor , Agerri Rodrigo
Published: February 2021

Users voluntarily generate large amounts of textual content by expressing their opinions, in social media and specialized portals, on every possible issue, including transport and sustainability. In this work we have leveraged such User Generated Content to obtain a high accuracy sentiment analysis model which automatically analyses the negative and positive opinions expressed in the transport domain. In order to develop such model, we have semiautomatically generated an annotated corpus of opinions about transport, which has then been used to fine-tune a large pretrained language model based on recent deep learning techniques. Our empirical results demonstrate the robustness of our approach, which can be applied to automatically process massive amounts of opinions about transport. We believe that our method can help to complement data from official statistics and traditional surveys about transport sustainability. Finally, apart from the model and annotated dataset, we also provide a transport classification score with respect to the sustainability of the transport types found in the use case dataset.
Erasing the Invisible Line to Empower the Pandemic Response
Authors: Decaro Nicola , Lorusso Alessio , Capua Ilaria
Published: February 2021

A challenging debate has arisen on the role of veterinary expertise in facing the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. It seems totally unreasonable that in most countries, veterinary diagnostic and tracing forces were not deployed at the start to perform strategic tasks, which could have mitigated the outcome of this dramatic health emergency. Erasing the invisible line between human and veterinary virology will empower the response to future pandemics.
Antiviral Bioactive Compounds of Mushrooms and Their Antiviral Mechanisms: A Review
Authors: Seo Dong Joo , Choi Changsun
Published: February 2021

Mushrooms are used in their natural form as a food supplement and food additive. In addition, several bioactive compounds beneficial for human health have been derived from mushrooms. Among them, polysaccharides, carbohydrate-binding protein, peptides, proteins, enzymes, polyphenols, triterpenes, triterpenoids, and several other compounds exert antiviral activity against DNA and RNA viruses. Their antiviral targets were mostly virus entry, viral genome replication, viral proteins, and cellular proteins and influenced immune modulation, which was evaluated through pre-, simultaneous-, co-, and post-treatment in vitro and in vivo studies. In particular, they treated and relieved the viral diseases caused by herpes simplex virus, influenza virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Some mushroom compounds that act against HIV, influenza A virus, and hepatitis C virus showed antiviral effects comparable to those of antiviral drugs. Therefore, bioactive compounds from mushrooms could be candidates for treating viral infections.
Recent Advances in Bunyavirus Glycoprotein Research: Precursor Processing, Receptor Binding and Structure
Authors: Hulswit Ruben J. G. , Paesen Guido C. , Bowden Thomas A. , Shi Xiaohong
Published: February 2021

The Bunyavirales order accommodates related viruses (bunyaviruses) with segmented, linear, single-stranded, negative- or ambi-sense RNA genomes. Their glycoproteins form capsomeric projections or spikes on the virion surface and play a crucial role in virus entry, assembly, morphogenesis. Bunyavirus glycoproteins are encoded by a single RNA segment as a polyprotein precursor that is co- and post-translationally cleaved by host cell enzymes to yield two mature glycoproteins, Gn and Gc (or GP1 and GP2 in arenaviruses). These glycoproteins undergo extensive N-linked glycosylation and despite their cleavage, remain associated to the virion to form an integral transmembrane glycoprotein complex. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of bunyavirus glycoproteins, including their processing, structure, and known interactions with host factors that facilitate cell entry.
Global intercultural conflicts between East and West and their reflection in the Turkish press
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Bazdyreva Ekaterina Sergeevna
Published: February 2021

Turkey, which has a certain status due to its special geographic and geopolitical position, once again faces a choice of further development path. A country that positions itself on the world stage as a connecting link between the regions of East and West today, at the end of two hundred years of Westernization, is again putting forward the thesis of the sacred foundations of social life — the spiritual values ​​of Islam. The situation is complicated by the fact that over the past decade, phenomena (extremism, terrorism, Islamophobia) have become widespread throughout the world, which in the minds of modern society are associated with the internal problems of Islam
Intervención educativa para la prevención de la escabiosis dirigida a representantes de preescolares de 5-6 años
Authors: Peraza Rodríguez Michael David
Published: February 2021

Introducción: La escabiosis constituye un problema de salud pública en especial en los niños, es una infestación cutánea, altamente pruriginosa y contagiosa endémica en países en vías de desarrollo, afecta a todos los grupos socioeconómicos y a todas las edades es causa la alta morbilidad Objetivo: Determinar la información sobre prevención de escabiosis que poseen los representantes de preescolares de 5-6 años de la comunidad de la Peña posterior a una intervención educativa Materiales y métodos: Investigación cuasi experimental de pre test y post test de las intervenciones educativas. El universo estuvo conformado por 143 representantes de preescolares, la muestra intencionada fue de 86 personas, el instrumento fue un cuestionario conformado por ítems de respuestas dicotómicas que se administró a los representantes antes de la intervención educativa y posterior a la misma. Resultados: Antes de la intervención existía muy baja información acerca de la prevención de la escabiosis lo que representaba el 67.4 %. Posterior a la misma se incrementa el número de representantes que mejoran su nivel de información hasta llegar a 73.2%. Conclusión: El desarrollo y aplicación de la intervención educativa logro elevar los conocimientos sobre que es la escabiosis identificar cuáles son los factores de riesgo.
Planificación microcurrícular de asignaturas en la profesión de enfermería y su vinculación con los modelos conceptuales
Authors: Vera Márquez María , Urdaneta de Primera Esther
Published: February 2021

Introducción: El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar desde la academia la inclusión y utilización de los modelos conceptuales, ligadas al proceso de atención, en las asignaturas relacionadas al cuidado dentro del microcurrículo, para verificar su nivel de inserción en la planificación curricular y transferencia de conocimientos al estudiante. Método: Se tipificó como descriptiva, de campo, transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 29 docentes del área profesionalizantes. Se diseñaron 2 instrumentos de recolección de datos: Ficha de registro de 12 sílabos para el análisis de los contenidos del cuidado con vinculación de teorizantes en y test a los docentes para confrontar su utilidad en las clases. Resultados: La revisión de los sílabos evidenció el 21,43% incluyen teorizantes y el 78,57% no involucran en la planificación de las asignaturas, organización basada en patologías clínicas y no a diagnósticos enfermeros. La aplicación del test evidencia un dominio medio 63,06% en el conocimiento de los modelos conceptuales, un dominio medio 46,55% en el conocimiento y utilización de las teorizantes en el proceso de atención, 39,65% corresponde al involucramiento de las teorizantes en los contenidos de las asignaturas seguido de un 31,03% con utilización bajo. Conclusiones: Se evidencia la poca inclusión de las teorizantes de enfermería, en el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería en la mayoría de las asignaturas de la unidad profesional y en las guías prácticas, lo que dificulta la relación teoría–practica del hacer enfermero.
Uso de plantas medicinales en las mujeres de la Sierra Centro, Ecuador durante el postparto
Authors: Inga Huilca Silvia , Zavala Calahorrano Alicia
Published: February 2021

Introducción: El empleo de plantas medicinales se encuentra extendido en diversas partes del mundo, dependiendo de la flora y fauna propia de cada región, específicamente la región altoandina en Ecuador las mujeres conservan la utilización de plantas con uso medicinal en la época del posparto. Objetivo: Conocer el uso de la medicina tradicional en mujeres durante la etapa de postparto. Método: Se realizó una investigación de tipo cualitativo, fenomenológico usando teoría fundamentada para el análisis de los datos, por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas de las mujeres en postparto, familias y prestadores de salud tradicional. Se realizó entrevista a 15 mujeres en postparto y a 22 personas entre familiares y prestadores de salud del Cantón Pujilí- Cotopaxi – Ecuador. Resultados: Se realizó el análisis de los datos, encontrando que los principales usos de las plantas eran en infusión y en emplastos. Se dividió en 4 grupos de categorías 1) uso de plantas medicinales como infusión para purificación abdominal (purga), 2) uso de plantas medicinales como infusión para baño (baño postparto), 3) uso de plantas medicinales como infusión para limpieza de heridas (limpieza desinflamante), 4) uso de plantas medicinales como secretagogo (agüita para que no seque la leche). Conclusiones: El uso de plantas se encuentra es parte de la cultura y el desarrollo social y la comunidad encuentra cuatro categorías de uso de plantas medicinales en la época del postparto para las mujeres de la región altoandina. El personal de salud debe considerar el realizar más estudios en este campo específico contribuyendo así a preservar la salud de madre e hijo.
Edema de Berlín secundario a Traumatismo ocular cerrado
Authors: Silva Cayatopa Fermín , González Méndez Ana Luisa , Barrientos Ortiz Robinson , Ortiz Saavedra Gladys
Published: February 2021

Introducción: El trauma ocular es una de las causas que difieren entre áreas urbanas de un país a otro y entre diferentes clases demográficas o socioeconómicas. Objetivo: Demostrar la evolución y características clínicas del edema de Berlín secundario a trauma ocular cerrado. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de caso observacional en un paciente masculino de 11 años que presentó una AVMC 20/20 en OD y cuenta dedos 50 cm en OI posterior a trauma ocular cerrado contuso con objeto romo. Desde el inicio desarrolló una conmoción retiniana asociada a edema de Berlín en OI. Con seguimiento desde 11 de diciembre de 2019 al 27 de enero de 2020. Las variables fueron: agudeza visual mejor corregida, retinografía, tomografía de coherencia óptica de dominio espectral macular. Resultados: Se indicó metilprednisolona 500 mg endovenoso diario por 3 días; prednisona 30 mg oral disminuyendo gradualmente durante 10 días; acetato de prednisolona 1% tópico cada 2 horas, moxifloxacina 0,5% cada 6 horas, ciclopentolato 1% cada 8 horas. 7 semanas después, no hubo mejoría clínica a pesar de medicación, manteniéndose en observación médica con AVMC OD 20/20 y OI cuenta dedos 2 metros. Discusión: Edema de Berlín (commotio retinae) una afección común causada por una lesión contusa en el ojo, suele ser autolimitante y no existe un tratamiento como tal. Conclusión: El trauma ocular cerrado contuso con compromiso retiniano puede causar daño macular como el edema de Berlín, como éste caso que puede condicionar el pronóstico visual a pesar de que mayormente es favorable.
Proceso enfermero aplicado a un paciente con úlceras por presión
Authors: Rodríguez Cruz Dora Luz , Hernández Landaverde Claudia , Cruz Núñez Fabiola , Lavoignet Acosta Blanca Judith
Published: February 2021

Las escaras (también llamadas úlceras por presión y úlceras de decúbito) son lesiones en la piel y el tejido inferior, resultan de una presión prolongada sobre la misma. En la mayoría de los casos, se manifiestan en la piel que recubre las partes óseas del cuerpo, como talones, tobillos, caderas y coxis. Las personas que corren mayor riesgo de tener escaras tienen limitada su capacidad para cambiar de posición o pasan la mayor parte del tiempo en una cama o una silla de ruedas. Pueden desarrollarse en el transcurso de horas o días, la mayoría se curan con tratamiento, pero algunas nunca se curan completamente. El proceso enfermero es una herramienta metodológica a través del cual Enfermería puede apoyar al paciente y/o familiar en brindar cuidados y educación en la prevención y atención de las úlceras por presión. En México, dos estudios metacéntricos reportan que la prevalencia cruda de UPP es del 12,94% y del 17%, respectivamente. El presente caso se trata de una mujer adulto mayor, en edad extrema (81 años), atendida por su familiar, con regular adherencia a su tratamiento terapéutico y de cuidados, pasa la mayor parte del tiempo en cama, movilización regular aunque con buena higiene, con una escara de región sacra limpia en estadio ll, la paciente y familiar muestra disponibilidad y motivación para aprender acciones de cuidado y prevención adoptar cambios en los hábitos de vida, ser más saludable además mejorar la salud familiar.
El proceso de apropiación y concentración de la tierra rural en el departamento Presidencia de la Plaza (Chaco)
Authors: Roberto Martínez Gerardo
Published: February 2021

El objetivo es mostrar el proceso de posesión de la tierra en el departamento Presidencia de la Plaza, situación similar al de otros departamentos del centro este de la provincia del Chaco (Argentina), analizando la estratificación por superficie y la participación relativa de los diferentes estratos en el total de las explotaciones departamentales. En su elaboración se recurrió a los censos de población y agropecuarios realizados, a material bibliográfico y artículos periodísticos sobre el área estudiada, como también entrevistas a pobladores locales, siendo la misma parte de la investigación doctoral del autor.
Las primeras normas legales favorecían la concentración de la tierra, promoviendo la entrega de grandes extensiones e impidiendo el acceso a los pequeños productores. Hacia finales del siglo XX se vivió un proceso de concentración promovido por el cambio del modelo productivo y, a diferencia de lo ocurrido en otras regiones del Chaco, donde se vivió un proceso de concentración de la tierra por parte de capitales extra provinciales, en Presidencia de la Plaza esto no sucedió así, sino que fue un proceso con mayoritarias características locales. La explicación obedece a que productores que estaban endeudados y que para resolver esa situación necesitaban vender su tierra, a los agentes extra-regionales se les complicaba la adquisición porque alrededor del predio que se ofrecía a la venta tenían productores que no querían vender; la distribución parcelaria impidió el ingreso extra-regional, pero el modo de producción y la estructura del sector se modificaron sustancialmente en comparación con la correspondiente a la etapa algodonera; los que no le pudieron vender a los agronegocios les vendieron a sus vecinos, produciendo en cierta medida un proceso de concentración de la tierra que confirma el efecto Mateo en este sector.
Hybrid Triboelectric Nanogenerators: From Energy Complementation to Integration
Authors: Xie Lingjie , Zhai Ningning , Liu Yina , Wen Zhen , Sun Xuhui
Published: February 2021

Energy collection ways using solar energy, wave, wind, or mechanical energy have attracted widespread attention for small self-powered electronic devices with low power consumption, such as sensors, wearable devices, electronic skin, and implantable devices. Among them, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) operated by coupling effect of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction has gradually gained prominence due to its advantages such as low cost, lightweight, high degree of freedom in material selection, large power, and high applicability. The device with a single energy exchange mechanism is limited by its conversion efficiency and work environment and cannot achieve the maximum conversion of energy. Thus, this article reviews the research status of different types of hybrid generators based on TENG in recent years. Hybrid energy generators will improve the output performance though the integration of different energy exchange methods, which have an excellent application prospect. From the perspective of energy complementation, it can be divided into harvesting mechanical energy by various principles, combining with harvesters of other clean energy, and converting mechanical energy or various energy sources into hydrogen energy. For integrating multitype energy harvesters, mechanism of single device and structural design of integrated units for different application scenarios are summarized. The expanding energy harvesting efficiency of the hybrid TENG makes the scheme of self-charging unit to power intelligent mobile electronic feasible and has practical significance for the development of self-powered sensor network.
ВІДТВОРЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНО МАРКОВАНОЇ ЛЕКСИКИ В ПЕРЕКЛАДІ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ КАЗОК АНГЛІЙСЬКОЮ МОВОЮ
Authors: Карпенко Н. А. , Клавкіна М. О.
Published: February 2021

Стаття присвячена дослідженню національно маркованої лексики, що її виокремлено в українських народних казках. Особливу увагу сфокусовано на безеквівалентній лексиці, що становить труднощі в процесі перекладу англійською, оскільки вона не має відповідників у цій мові. У дослідженні проаналізовано наявні переклади казок, обґрунтовано доцільність використання конкретних перекладацьких трансформацій, запропоновано можливі способи перекладу безеквівалентної лексики, що забезпечують відтворення прагматики оригінальних текстів.
КОМУНІКАТИВНІ СТРАТЕГІЇ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПОЗИТИВНОГО ІМІДЖУ НАТО В АНГЛО-УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ ПЕРЕКЛАДІ
Authors: Старух В. О.
Published: February 2021

Стаття присвячена виявленню специфіки відтворення комунікативних стратегій формування позитивного іміджу НАТО в англо-українському перекладі. Актуальність дослідження зумовлена необхідністю встановлення інвентарю комунікативних стратегій успішного спілкування як компонента професійної діяльності політичних діячів, важливістю з’ясування особливостей корпоративної комунікації окремої організації для формування її позитивного іміджу та виявлення специфіки відтворення комунікативних стратегій формування позитивного іміджу в перекладі. У статті розв'язано коло завдань: окреслені поняття іміджу та комунікативної стратегії; виокремлені комунікативні стратегії, які сприяють формуванню позитивного іміджу НАТО; репрезентовано варіанти перекладу комунікативних стратегій формування позитивного іміджу НАТО на матеріалі промов ексГенерального секретаря Андерса Фог Расмуссена.
ФУНКЦІЙНО-СЕМАНТИЧНА ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЦІЯ КОНСТРУКЦІЙ З ПАРТИКУЛОЮ (НЕ)ХАЙ
Authors: Умрихіна Л. В.
Published: February 2021

Стаття присвячена актуальному для сучасної лінгвістики питанню розмежування модально орієнтованих конструкцій однакового структурно-граматичного типу з огляду на функційно-семантичну різнорідність. Запропоновано перелік основних модальних значень, здатних реалізовуватися засобом синтаксичних конструкцій із предикатом у формі дієслова спонукального способу з партикулою (не)хай. Звернено увагу на потребу розрізнення спонукальних і неспонукальних конструкцій з дотриманням тривимірного погляду на природу синтаксичної одиниці
ДО ПРОБЛЕМИ ЛЕКСИКОГРАФІЧНОГО ОПИСУ СТАЛИХ СПОЛУЧЕНЬ РОСІЙСЬКОЇ, УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ І ПОЛЬСЬКОЇ МОВ
Authors: Лучик А. А.
Published: February 2021

Аналіз наявних лексикографічних джерел російської, української і польської мов дав змогу висновкувати, що система подання в них сталих сполучень слів виявляється мало зручною для користувачів цих праць. Особливі ускладнення виникають у процесі перекладацької діяльності. Доводиться, що назріла нагальна необхідність у створенні комплексних словників сталих сполучень усіх типів для кожної мови окремо, які в подальшому слугуватимуть джерельною базою для перекладу їхніх структурних компонентів іншими мовами. Метою пропонованої роботи є визначення шляхів формування концепції нового типу комплексного словника з реєстровими нарізнооформленими одиницями.