bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ADJUVANTS OF INFLUENZA VACCINES: NEW POSSIBILITIES OF USING SULPHATED POLYSACCHARIDES FROM MARINE BROWN ALGAE
Authors: Kuznetsova T. A. , Persiyanova E. V. , Zaporozhets T. S. , Besednova N. N.
Published: April 2020

The review article presents the characteristics of the main adjuvant groups (mineral salts of aluminum, synthetic squalene-based adjuvants - MF59 and AS03, CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides, virosomes, polyoxidonium, sovidone) included in the licensed influenza vaccine. The main mechanisms of adjuvant action, advantages and disadvantages of these adjuvants are shown. The vaccines adjuvants in the phase of experimental studies and clinical trials (ISCOMs, Advax™, chitosan) are described too. Particular attention is paid to sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidans) from marine brown algae as vaccine adjuvants. Numerous results of their application in compositions of experimental vaccines are presented. The prospects of sulfated polysaccharides using in the design of influenza vaccines are estimated. These prospects are determined by high biocompatibility, low toxicity and good tolerance of the human body to fucoidans, as well as mechanisms of their adjuvant activity. Sulfated polysaccharides are agonists of toll-like receptors of innate immunity cells and powerful inducers of the cellular and humoral immune response, which is important for the development of influenza vaccines. The review is based on the information presented in the bibliographic and abstract databases of scientific publications, search engines and publishers: RSCI, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer Nature, Elsevier and others.
THE STUDY OF THE INNATE AND ACQUIRED CELLULAR IMMUNITY CHAINS INDICATORS IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION
Authors: Serebrovskaya L. V. , Ivanova L. A. , Selimova L. M. , Kalnina L. B. , Nosik D. N.
Published: April 2020

In this study was made an attempt to reveal additional laboratory markers of white blood for preliminary estimation level of HIV-infection development. Essentially such markers these are in progress without complex equipment and expensive reagent. It was studied alterations of basic values cells of innate and acquired immunity of peripheral blood HIV-infected individuals with and without antiretroviral treatment (ART) during infection. It was estimate value leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, lymhpocytes, T-lymhpocytes, CD4+, CD8+ T-cells, CD4/CD8 index. It was used the first analysis in the time of registration for regular medical check-up and the intermediate derived during 2017-2018 years. Patients without ART and with ART before and after treatment had rates of leukocytes, lymhpocytes, T-lymhpocytes, monocytes and neutrophils within the normal guideline. Essential changes were observed in basic conventional laboratory parameters evaluation of HIV-infection dynamic (parameters of CD4+and CD8+ cells, CD4/CD8 index). Thereby it was impossible to reveal supplementary immunological markers of HIV-infection.
Effect of Oxidation Time on Wear Behaviour of Thermally Oxidized CoCrMo Alloy
Authors: Çomaklı Onur
Published: April 2020

CoCrMo alloy has been oxidized for 3 and 5h at the temperature of 850°C with 100% O2 gas by thermal oxidation. The XRD, SEM, microhardness and ball-on-disc wear test devices were used to find out the structure, mechanical and wear properties of untreated and treated specimens. Outcomes showed wear resistance of oxidized specimens were became better than untreated CoCrMo alloy. Also, wear resistance of oxidized specimens improved with increased processing time (from 3h to 5h) increased.
Effort Estimation For Software Development On Mobile Application Of 'Tangkap Reptil'
Authors: Kartiko Condro , Nugraha Novanda Alim Setya , Sudrajat Dery
Published: April 2020

An essential aspect of planning and management of software design projects is to estimate work time, costs, and human resources. The calculation solution made in this study aims to assist in calculating the estimated time of developing a reptile capture application using the Use Case Point (UCP) method. The UCP method is a software effort estimation method that shows better performance compared to other methods. The result of this research is the risk of software development on the mobile application of 'Tangkap Reptil' has a small chance, can be done in a relatively short time, and does not require a lot of resources.
Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak dan Fraksi Tanaman Senggugu (Rotheca serrata (L.) Steane & Mabb.) terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Maulana Ifan Arif , Triatmoko Bawon , Nugraha Ari Satia
Published: April 2020

Irasionalitas terapi antibiotik yang tidak terkontrol dilaporkan menyebabkan bakteri resisten antibiotik, sehingga memicu penemuan agen antibakteri baru. Eksplorasi keanekaragaman tanaman obat Indonesia masih menjanjikan sebagai agen antibakteri yang potensial, termasuk tanaman senggugu (Rotheca serrata (L.) Steane & Mabb.). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dan kandungan fitokimia dari ekstrak dan fraksi senggugu terhadap bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metanol. Fraksinasi bertingkat dilakukan untuk mendapatkan fraksi n-heksana, diklorometana, etil asetat, dan residu. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan untuk menentukan alkaloid, terpenoid/steroid, flavonoid, dan polifenol menggunakan metode KLT. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode mikrodilusi untuk menentukan nilai IC50. Ekstrak mengandung terpenoid/steroid, flavonoid, polifenol. Fraksi n-heksana dan diklorometana mengandung terpenoid/steroid. Fraksi etil asetat dan residu mengandung flavonoid dan polifenol. Nilai IC50 terendah dicapai oleh fraksi n-heksana sebesar 176,919 ± 6,303 µg/mL. Ekstrak dan fraksi senggugu memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang moderat.
Gambaran Penggunaan Antibiotik di Bangsal Penyakit Dalam RSUD Bangil Kabupaten Pasuruan
Authors: Rachmawati Sinta , Fazeri Rizki Laili , Norcahyanti Ika
Published: April 2020

Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat akan berdampak terhadap terjadinya resistansi. Oleh karena itu, studi penggunaan antibiotik perlu dilakukan di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, termasuk rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran penggunaan antibiotik di bangsal penyakit dalam Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Bangil Kabupaten Pasuruan dengan menggunakan metode Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC)/Defined Daily Dose (DDD). ATC/DDD adalah metode perhitungan penggunaan antibiotik secara kuantitatif yang direkomendasikan oleh World Health Organization (WHO). Pengambilan data dilakukan secara retrospektif menggunakan sumber data excel berupa rekapitulasi rekam medik. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien rawat inap dewasa di bangsal penyakit dalam sepanjang tahun 2017. Sejumlah 973 data dari keseluruhan populasi memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisis data dilakukan berdasarkan pada karakteristik pasien, profil antibiotik dan perhitungan kuantitatif dengan metode ATC/DDD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa golongan antibiotik yang paling banyak digunakan adalah golongan sefalosporin sebesar 51,41%, sedangkan jenis antibiotik yang paling banyak diresepkan yaitu ceftriaxone dengan jumlah sebesar 25,86%. DDD/100 patient-days tertingi adalah ceftriaxone dengan nilai 27,79 DDD/100 patient-days. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan menggunakan metode Gyssens untuk mengetahui rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotik.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Postoperative Pain
Authors: Bakker Caitlin J. , Wise Kelsey L. , Williams Benjamin R. , Swiontkowski Marc F.
Published: April 2020

Background:

The treatment of postoperative pain is an ongoing challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Poorly controlled pain is associated with poorer patient outcomes, and the prescription of opioids may lead to prolonged, nonmedical use. Complementary and alternative medicine is widely adopted by the general public, and its use in chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions has been studied; however, its efficacy in a postoperative context has not yet been established.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic literature review of 10 databases to identify all relevant publications. We extracted variables related to pain measurement and postoperative opioid prescriptions.

Results:

We identified 8 relevant publications from an initial pool of 2,517 items. Of these, 5 were randomized studies and 3 were nonrandomized studies. All 8 studies addressed postoperative pain, with 5 showing significant decreases (p < 0.05) in postoperative pain. Also, 5 studies addressed postoperative opioid use, with 2 showing significant differences (p < 0.05) in opioid consumption. Substantial heterogeneity among the studies precluded meta-analysis. No articles were found to be free of potential bias.

Conclusions:

Currently, there is insufficient evidence to determine the efficacy of complementary and alternative medicines for postoperative pain management or as an alternative to opioid use following orthopaedic surgery.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Optimum Designs for Large Database Research in Musculoskeletal Pain Management
Authors: Bedard Nicholas A. , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Kim Seoyoung C. ,   on behalf of the Large Database Research Discussion Group
Published: April 2020

➢ In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in musculoskeletal pain-management research involving the use of large databases such as administrative health-care claims and clinical registries.

➢ These datasets can be powerful tools for researchers. However, research utilizing health data collected without a specific a priori research question in place is particularly sensitive to study design, and there are many pitfalls that researchers can encounter when working with large databases in the arena of musculoskeletal pain management.

➢ Here, we present optimal design strategies specific to musculoskeletal pain-management research utilizing large datasets and identify directions for future research in this area.
Individual Gait Features Are Associated with Clinical Improvement After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Young-Shand Kathryn L. , Dunbar Michael J. , Astephen Wilson Janie L.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Over 20% of patients do not report clinically relevant pain relief or functional improvements after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of demographics, pre-TKA knee-joint biomechanics, and postoperative changes in knee biomechanics on meaningful improvements in self-reported pain and function after TKA.

Methods:

Forty-six patients underwent 3-dimensional gait analysis and completed the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire before and 1 year after TKA. Response to treatment in terms of pain relief and functional improvement (“pain and function responders”) was defined as improvements in WOMAC scores that met minimal clinically important difference thresholds in the pain and function domains. Differences between responder and non-responder demographics, severity of the osteoarthritis as seen radiographically, and knee kinematics and kinetics before TKA were explored using the t test and Mann-Whitney U test. Correlations and regression models were used to examine demographics, baseline knee kinematics and kinetics, and post-TKA kinematic and kinetic improvements associated with being a pain responder and a function responder separately. Analyses were conducted using a hypothesis-driving approach.

Results:

Of the 46 patients, 34 were pain responders and 36 were function responders. Preoperatively, both responder groups had a higher radiographic severity (Kellgren-Lawrence) grade (p = 0.03) and pain responders were more symptomatic according to their WOMAC score (p < 0.04). Less preoperative stance-phase flexion-extension angle range (p ≤ 0.03), lower preoperative stance-phase adduction (varus) angle magnitude (p = 0.01), and less postoperative reduction in the adduction angle magnitude (p ≤ 0.009) were independently associated with more self-reported improvement in pain and function.

Conclusions:

Patients with a higher radiographic severity grade, with specific frontal and sagittal knee kinematic patterns during gait before TKA, and who demonstrated less reduction in frontal plane angles during gait after TKA had greater self-reported pain and function score improvements after standard TKA. Gait analysis may aid preoperative identification of kinematic subgroups associated with self-reported improvements after TKA, and provide evidence that may inform triaging, surgical planning, and expectation management strategies.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
TightRope Versus Biocomposite Interference Screw for Fixation in Allograft ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Yari Shahram Shawn , El Naga Ashraf N. , Patel Amar , Qadeer Ali Asaf , Shah Anup
Published: April 2020

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a commonly performed procedure with many options regarding graft choice and graft fixation. The purpose of this study was to compare suspensory and aperture fixation in terms of femoral osseous integration of the bone block after ACL reconstruction with an Achilles tendon allograft.

Methods:

After institutional review board approval and patient consent were obtained, 37 patients underwent ACL reconstruction with an Achilles tendon allograft. The patients were randomized according to the graft femoral fixation technique, which was with either a suspensory device (Arthrex TightRope) or aperture fixation by a biocomposite interference screw (Arthrex BioComposite Interference Screw or DePuy Mitek MILAGRO Interference Screw). Tibial fixation, performed with a biocomposite screw and knotless anchor, was identical in all patients. All patients underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan at 6 months to evaluate bone block incorporation of the femoral graft within the femoral tunnel, which was the study’s primary outcome. Secondary outcome measures included a postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, range-of-motion measures, and International Knee Documentation Committee scores. Demographic data were collected.

Results:

Thirty-three patients (89%) completed the study’s 6-month follow-up, at which time the femoral ossification score was significantly greater in the aperture fixation group (p = 0.025). There was no substantial difference between the 2 groups with regard to any other outcome measure.

Conclusions:

Performing Achilles tendon allograft ACL reconstruction with femoral aperture fixation results in greater femoral bone block incorporation at 6 months postoperatively compared with what is seen after suspensory fixation.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Fruit-specific expression of crtB, HpBHY, CrBKT and SlLCYB triggers hyper-production of carotenoids in tomato fruit
Authors: Lin Yuanyuan , Huang Junchao
Published: April 2020

Background Tomato is a major source of dietary carotenoids that play an important role in human health. The biosynthesis of carotenoids involved in a number of catalytic steps, among which the phytoene synthase (crtB) is the first committed enzyme for carotenoid biosynthesis, and the lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB) catalyzes the synthesis of β-carotene, β-carotene hydroxylase (BHY) or β-carotene ketolase (BKT) plays a vital role in synthesizing xanthophylls. Although there are some studies about improving the carotenoids of tomato fruit, it is still challenged to engineer tomato landraces with good traits for hyper-production of carotenoids, and the effects of vital carotenogenic genes working together remain unclear. The aim of this study is to improve the production of carotenoids in a tomato landrace by fruit-specific expression of four carotenogenic genes. Results A plant expression cassette containing the tomato E8 promotor to drive the four genes ( crtB , HpBHY , CrBKT , and SlLCYB ) in a polycistronic structure was constructed and introduced into a tomato landrace “ Huang Song ”. Three independent lines were confirmed to be putative transformants, which showed similar phenotypes to wild-type (WT) control excepting for the fruit colors. The transgenic fruit exhibited deep red color due to the accumulation of novel ketocarotenoids including astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and ketolutein and much more lycopene. The contents of total carotenoids in transgenic fruit were up to 3.1~6.6 mg/g dry weight (DW), 20~44-fold of that in WT fruit which only accumulated low levels of lutein, lycopene and β-carotene. Furthermore, various generations of the transgenic plants (T0, T1, and T2) exhibited similar growing status and carotenoid profiles, indicating that the transformants were genetically stable. Moreover, most of the endogenous carotenogenic genes were up-regulated in transgenic fruits at mature stage, and more plastoglobules were found in chromoplast, suggested the causes of the enhanced accumulation of carotenoids and antioxidant activity in transgenic plants. Conclusions Fruit-specific expression of crtB , HpBHY , CrBKT and SlLCYB triggers hyper-production of carotenoids and the synthesis of ketocarotenoids in tomato fruit. This study provides insights into metabolic engineering of tomato for enhanced production of value-added carotenoids.
Systematic Analysis and Quality Evaluation for Pharmacoeconomic Studies on Traditional Chinese Medicines
Authors: Yang Nan , Zhang Huihui , Deng Taoyi , Hu Ming
Published: April 2020

Background: This study aimed to describe the current situation of the published Pharmacoeconomic researches on Traditional Chinese Medicine and evaluate the quality of the researches to analyze existing problem and make suggestions for improvement.Methods: We developed a search strategy, set inclusion and exclusion criteria and searched the articles of Pharmacoecnomic studies on Traditional Chinese Medicine from CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Sinomed database and Pubmed from their inception to February 2020. Basic information of the literatures was extracted. Then quality of each article was evaluated by using Guidelines for authors and peer reviewers of economic submissions to the BMJ.Results: 430 articles with 433 pharmacoeconomics studies were included. And the information of time of publication, journal, author, funding, diseases, interventions, research design, evaluation methods, cost identification, health outcomes, uncertainty analysis and so on. The overall quality score of the literatures was 0.62 according to the evaluation standard of BMJ guidelines. The highest mark was 0.85 and the lowest mark was 0.38.Conclusions: Quality of pharmacoeconomic studies on traditional Chinese medicines was generally low.There were some problems in the published pharmacoeconomic articles, such as lack of fund support, short research horizon, unclear perspective and research design, misidentification of cost, poor comparability of health outcome and so on. We suggested to develop guidelines for pharmacoeconomic evaluation on Traditional Chinese Medicine to standardize the research procedure and establish reasonable health outcome indicators of Traditional Chinese Medicine to enhance comparability and generalization of studies.
Noise exposure-induced intestinal flora dysbiosis disrupts homeostasis of oxi-inflamm-barrier in the gut–brain axis of APP/PS1 mice: implications for early onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Cui Bo , Chi Huimin , Cao Wa , Su Donghong , Yang Honglian , Li Zhe , She Xiaojun , Wang Kun , Gao Xiujie , Ma Kefeng
Published: April 2020

Background: Environmental noise exposure and genetic risk factors are thought to be associated with gut microbiome that exacerbates Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. However, the role and mechanism of environmental risk factors in early-onset AD (EOAD) pathogenesis remain unclear. Methods: We established APP/PS1 Tg and C57BL/6 (wild type [WT]) mouse models to evaluate the molecular pathways underlying EOAD pathophysiology following environmental noise exposure. 16S rRNA sequencing analyses were used for intestinal flora measurements and Tax4Fun were used to predict the metagenome content from 16S rRNA sequencing results; and assessment of the flora dysbiosis-triggered dyshomeostasis of oxi-inflamm-barrier and the effects of the CNS end of the gut–brain axis were conducted to explore the underlying pathological mechanisms. Results: Both WT and APP/PS1 mice showed statistically significant relationship between environmental noise and the taxonomic composition of the corresponding gut microbiome. Bacterial-encoded functional categories in noise-exposed WT and APP/PS1 mice included phospholipid and galactose metabolism, oxidative stress, and cell senescence. These alterations corresponded with imbalanced intestinal oxidation and anti-oxidation systems and low-grade systemic inflammation after noise exposure. Mechanistically, axis-series experiments demonstrated that after noise exposure, intestinal and hippocampal tight junction proteins levels reduced, whereas serum levels of inflammatory mediator were elevated. With regard to APP/PS1 overexpression, noise-induced abnormalities in the gut–brain axis may contribute to aggravation of neuropathology in the presymptomatic stage of EOAD mice model. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that noise exposure has deleterious effects on the homeostasis of oxi-inflamm-barrier in the microbiome–gut–brain axis. Therefore, at least in a genetic context, chronic noise may aggravate the progression of EOAD.
Interleukin 17-producing γδ T cell induced demyelination of brain during Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection
Authors: Feng Ying , Zhou Zongpu , Zheng Cunjing , Feng Feng , Xie Fukang , Wu Zhongdao
Published: April 2020

Background: Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection is one typical reason of eosinophilic encephalitis (EM), which has been reported to induce serious damage in the central nervous system. Both parasite and host factors contribute to the onset of EM, but the related immune-inflammation pathogenesis remain poorly characterized.Methods: A. cantonensis infection model was generated through infecting mice by gavage. TEM and IF were used to assess the pathologic changes of brain. The mRNA expression of inflammatory factors was tested by qRT-PCR. Combining flow cytometry with western blotting to evaluate the alteration of inflammatory cells and related cytokines. Critical role of IL-17 was found, to evaluate the function of IL-17A, we injected IL-17A mAb to naive and A. cantonensis infected mice. Results: A. cantonensis larvae altered immune homeostasis in the brain, led to the destruction of myelin shealth and activation of microglia. IL-17A accumulation was observed, IL-17RA was expressed on oligodendrocyte and microglia during the infection. More important, γδ T cells are the source of IL-17A induced by parasite. After IL-17A neutralizing antibody was applied, alterations of microglia state and myelination were discorved, mice neurobehavioral test also improved.Conclusion: Our study reveals a previously unrecognized impact of the IL-17+ γδ T cells in parasitic encephalopathy and emphasizes that blocking IL17A signaling can attenuate microglia activation, thus reducing CNS demyelination and ameliorate behavioral deficit in A. cantonensis infected mice.
Profiling Circulating Inflammation and Microbial Translocation Biomarkers Associated with Advanced Liver Fibrosis in HIV/HCV Coinfected Persons
Authors: Chen Xiaochen , Liu Xing , Duan Song , Tang Renhai , Zhou Sujuan , Ye Runhua , Yang Yuecheng , Wang Jibao , Yao Shitang , He Na
Published: April 2020

Background: HIV/HCV coinfection leads to accelerated liver fibrosis, in which microbial translocation and systemic inflammation might play important roles. This study aimed to provide an extensive profile of plasma microbial translocation and inflammation biomarkers associated with advanced liver fibrosis among HIV/HCV coinfected patients.Methods:This cross-sectional study recruited 343 HIV/HCV coinfected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) from a rural prefecture of Yunnan province in Southwest China. Plasma concentrations of sCD14 and 27 cytokines/chemokines were assayed, and were compared against advanced or mild levels of liver fibrosis.Results: Of the 343 HIV/HCV coinfected patients, 188 (54.8%) had severe or advanced liver fibrosis (FIB-4 >3.25). Patients with advanced liver fibrosis (FIB-4 >3.25 vs. FIB-4 ≤3.25) had higher plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, FGF-basic and MCP-1. Multivariable logistic regression models showed that advanced liver fibrosis was associated with increased plasma level of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-7, IL-12, IL-17, GM- CSF, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL -10, MCP-1, Eotaxin and FGF-basic, with FGF-basic remained to be positively and significantly associated with advanced liver fibrosis after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (aOR=1.82; 95%CI: 1.26-2.66; p=0.002). Plasma sCD14 was also significantly associated with advanced liver fibrosis (aOR=1.14; 95%CI: 1.01-1.30; p=0.048).Conclusions: HIV/HCV coinfected patients are living with high prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis which coexists with a mixture of elevated plasma inflammation and microbial translocation biomarkers. The significant associations of advanced liver fibrosis with FGF-basic and sCD14 may reveal pathogenic mechanisms and potential clinical intervention targets of liver fibrosis in HCV/HIV coinfection.
Design, Analysis And Experimental Study Of Worm And Worm Gear Pair For Plug Valve Application
Authors: Shah Abhijeet P , Jadhav Yuvraj
Published: April 2020

The design procedure, load capacity, mathematical model, analysis of worm and worm gear for plug valve has not been investigated, which is a great barrier for the users. This research focuses on addressing these issues by design of gear, developing mathematical model, dynamic analysis of gear and experimental study to find out efficiency of worm gear for plug valve application.
Management of Hemorrhoidal Disease in Special Conditions: A Word of Caution
Authors: Salusso Paola , Testa Valentina , Mochet Sylvie , Arezzo Alberto , Allaix Marco Ettore , Salzano Antonio , Morino Mario , Mistrangelo Massimiliano
Published: April 2020

Background:

Hemorrhoids are a common disease that is often considered an easy
problem to solve. Unfortunately, some particular clinical conditions, including Inflammatory Bowel
Diseases (IBD), pregnancy, immunosuppression, coagulopathy, cirrhosis with portal hypertension,
and proctitis after radiotherapy, challenge hemorrhoids management and the outcomes.

Methods::

Research and online contents related to hemorrhoids’ treatment in special conditions are
reviewed in order to help colorectal surgeons in daily practice.

Results:

There are very limited data about the outcomes of hemorrhoids treatment in these subgroups
of patients. Patients in pregnancy can be effectively treated with medical therapy, reserving
surgical intervention in highly selected and urgent cases. In case of thrombosed haemorrhoids, the
excision allows a fast symptoms’ resolution, with a low incidence of recurrence and a long remission
interval. In case of immunosuppressed patients, there is no consensus for the best treatment,
even in most HIV positive patients, a surgical procedure can be safely proposed when indicated.
There is no sufficient data in the literature related to transplanted patients. The surgical treatment
of hemorrhoids in patients with IBD, especially Crohn’s Disease, can be unsafe, although there is a
paucity of literature on this topic. In case of previous pelvic radiotherapy, it must always be considered
that severe complications, like abscesses and fistulas with subsequent pelvic and retroperitoneal
sepsis, can occur after surgical treatment of hemorrhoids, so a conservative treatment is advocated.
Moreover, caution is recommended in treating patients with coagulopathy, considering
possible complications (mostly bleeding) also after outpatient treatments. In case of portal hypertension
and cirrhosis, a ‘conservative treatment’ is recommended. Bleeding hemorrhoids can be treated
with hemorrhoidectomy when they do not respond to other treatments.

Conclusion:

International literature is very scant about the treatment of patients affected by hemorrhoids
in particular situations. A word of caution and concern even about the indication for minor
outpatient procedures must be expressed in these patients, in order to avoid possible life-threatening
complications. The first-line treatment is the conservative medical approach associated with the
treatment of the primary disease.
Digital Mental Health Resources for Asylum Seekers, Refugees, and Immigrants: Protocol for a Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Raphiphatthana Buaphrao , Maulana Herdiyan , Howarth Timothy , Gardner Karen , Nagel Tricia
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Asylum seekers, refugees, and immigrants experience a number of risk factors for mental health problems. However, in comparison to the host population, these populations are less likely to use mental health services. Digital mental health approaches have been shown to be effective in improving well-being for the general population. Thus, they may provide an effective and culturally appropriate strategy to bridge the treatment gap for these populations vulnerable to mental health risks.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to provide the background and rationale for conducting a scoping review on digital mental health resources for asylum seekers, refugees, and immigrants. It also provides an outline of the methods and analyses, which will be used to answer the following questions. What are the available digital mental health resources for asylum seekers, refugees, and immigrants? Are they effective, feasible, appropriate, and accepted by the population? What are the knowledge gaps in the field?

METHODS

The scoping review methodology will follow 5 phases: identifying the research question; identifying relevant studies; study selection; charting the data; and collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. Searches will be conducted in the following databases: EBSCOhost databases (CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE with Full Text, APA PsycArticles, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and APA PsycInfo), PubMed, and Scopus. Additionally, OpenGrey, Mednar, and Eldis will be searched for gray literature. All primary studies and gray literature in English concerning the use of information and communication technology to deliver services addressing mental health issues for asylum seekers, refugees, and immigrants will be included.

RESULTS

This scoping review will provide an overview of the available digital mental health resources for asylum seekers, refugees, and immigrants and describe the implementation outcomes of feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of such approaches for those populations. Potential gaps in the field will also be identified.

CONCLUSIONS

As of February 2020, there were no scoping reviews, which assessed the effectiveness, feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of the available digital mental health resources for asylum seekers, refugees, and immigrants. This review will provide an extensive coverage on a promising and innovative intervention for such populations. It will give insight into the range of approaches, their effectiveness, and progress in their implementation. It will also provide valuable information for health practitioners, policy makers, and researchers working with the population.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/19031
Mining the Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients in China: Analysis of Social Media Posts (Preprint)
Authors: Huang Chunmei , Xu Xinjie , Cai Yuyang , Ge Qinmin , Zeng Guangwang , Li Xiaopan , Zhang Weide , Ji Chen , Yang Ling
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

In December 2019, pneumonia cases of unknown origin were reported in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. Identified as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the number of cases grew rapidly by human-to-human transmission in Wuhan. Social media, especially Sina Weibo (a major Chinese microblogging social media site), has become an important platform for the public to obtain information and seek help.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of suspected or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients who asked for help on Sina Weibo.

METHODS

We conducted data mining on Sina Weibo and extracted the data of 485 patients who presented with clinical symptoms and imaging descriptions of suspected or laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19. In total, 9878 posts seeking help on Sina Weibo from February 3 to 20, 2020 were analyzed. We used a descriptive research methodology to describe the distribution and other epidemiological characteristics of patients with suspected or laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection. The distance between patients’ home and the nearest designated hospital was calculated using the geographic information system ArcGIS.

RESULTS

All patients included in this study who sought help on Sina Weibo lived in Wuhan, with a median age of 63.0 years (IQR 55.0-71.0). Fever (408/485, 84.12%) was the most common symptom. Ground-glass opacity (237/314, 75.48%) was the most common pattern on chest computed tomography; 39.67% (167/421) of families had suspected and/or laboratory-confirmed family members; 36.58% (154/421) of families had 1 or 2 suspected and/or laboratory-confirmed members; and 70.52% (232/329) of patients needed to rely on their relatives for help. The median time from illness onset to real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was 8 days (IQR 5.0-10.0), and the median time from illness onset to online help was 10 days (IQR 6.0-12.0). Of 481 patients, 32.22% (n=155) lived more than 3 kilometers away from the nearest designated hospital.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings show that patients seeking help on Sina Weibo lived in Wuhan and most were elderly. Most patients had fever symptoms, and ground-glass opacities were noted in chest computed tomography. The onset of the disease was characterized by family clustering and most families lived far from the designated hospital. Therefore, we recommend the following: (1) the most stringent centralized medical observation measures should be taken to avoid transmission in family clusters; and (2) social media can help these patients get early attention during Wuhan’s lockdown. These findings can help the government and the health department identify high-risk patients and accelerate emergency responses following public demands for help.
SDA-COVID-19: Social Distancing App for COVID-19 Track and Control (Preprint)
Authors: Abu-Taieh Evon , AlHadid Issam , Zolait Ali , Abu-Tayeh Jeihan
Published: April 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

COVID-19 is a highly contagious and lethal virus-based disease. Social distancing is the only way to stop the virus from spreading. In this context, the researchers suggest a social distancing application named SDA-COVID-19. The suggested App (SDA-COVID-19) will help individuals maintain social distancing by the exchange of data among phones about potentially infected and/or contaminated people with COVID-19, with whom an individual socialized or came in contact, whereby, an individual will be alerted if a COVID-19 infected person is in close proximity. Two versions are suggested for SDA-COVID-19 one is Service-Oriented and the other is Bluetooth oriented.
Attraction of Yellow Stem Borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker) to Different Colored Light-emitting Diodes
Authors: Arialistya Yhone , Suputa Suputa , Trisyono Y. Andi , Firmansyah Eka
Published: April 2020

The yellow rice stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker) is a major pests on rice. Light traps have been used for monitoring and controlling S. incertulas with white and ultraviolet color light sources. The purpose of this research was to invent trap which uses an effective color that attracts S. incertulas. This research begins by sampling female S. incertulas pre-oviposition from the field then tested in the laboratory. The experiment was designed with factorial randomized block design with light colors and light intencity as factors. Light-emitting diodes used in this research, consisted of normal red, normal yellow, normal green, superbright red, superbright yellow, superbright green, superbright blue, UV, and white. LED white, UV, and superbright blue were attractive colors to S. incertulas  when exposure time was 15 minutes. Effective light intencity to attract S. incertulas was 1000 lux.
Morphological and Molecular Characteristics of Pratylenchus coffeae from the Origin of Robusta Coffee Plantation in Malang, East Java
Authors: Budiman Aris , Supramana Supramana , Giyanto Giyanto
Published: April 2020

Pratylenchus coffeae is the most important plant-parasitic nematode in Robusta coffee plantations. Information regarding morphology, morphometric and molecular characters of P. coffeae has not been reported in Indonesia. This study is aimed to describe those characters of P. coffeae that attack Robusta coffee. Root samples were taken from Robusta coffee plantation in Malang, East Java. Nematode extractions was conducted using a mist chamber method. Morphology and morphometric characters were observed from the permanent nematode slides. Single nematode DNA extract was amplified at the D2D3 segment of 28S rRNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rRNA with universal primers. Amplicon was sequenced and analysed for phylogenetic tree relationships. Female morphological key character of P. coffeae observed are: lip with two annulations, four lateral lines, esophageal overlap with intestine ventrally, monodelphic, and truncated tail shape. Male spicules curved ventrally. Female morphometrics are: n=26, L = 556.4 μm, DGO = 2.4 μm, anterior gonad = 174.8 μm, a = 28.5, b = 6.1, b’ = 4.1, c = 20.1, c’ = 2.3, V = 81.7. A Male is smaller than a female with n=24, L = 505.9 μm,  a = 32.3, b = 5.5, b '= 3.9, c = 15.3, c' = 2.8 and T = 40.6. The molecular characters of P. coffeae were investigated for two isolates, namely SA1 and SA2.  Based on the D2D3 and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions, isolate SA1 has similarity level of 99% and 97% to the P. coffeae  from NCBI. Similar result was shown by Isolate SA2 with similarity of 100% and 100% respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis using Maximum Likelihood at the D2D3 segment of 28S rRNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions showed that P. coffeae in this study was included in one clade with P. coffeae from several countries.
The skills-based approach and the action perspective: what impact on writing performance?
Authors: Mouad BENAYAD
Published: April 2020

The teaching/learning of French in Morocco faces several difficulties. Learners' performance in this area leaves something to be desired, so finding didactic solutions turn out to be a complex task. As part of the action-oriented approach, Social tasks that are fairly engaging and adapted to the needs of learners respond to the problematic of this study. This study presents the design of two didactic units around the same theme "water and life" in order to raise awareness of the protection of natural resources : The first unit is mounted according to current practices : the skills approach, the second is developed according to the principles of the action-oriented approach. The tasks were designed and tested with a class group of 15 learners with the intention of analyzing and comparing them to define how they can better improve the performance of learners in writing.
WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEKS BASED ON “PROMBLEMS BASED INSTRUCTION (PBI) AT X STUDENTS IN SMK TRIATMA JAYA DALUNG
Authors: Putri Putu Ayuning January Punia
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
This study aims to describe the use of instruction-based instructional model, knowing what kind of error students find in writing descriptive text as well as to to improve students' self confidence in English, especially in descriptive writing writing skill. The sample of this research is class X students of SMK Triatma Jaya Dalung consisting of 25 students. The study was conducted in January and February 2018 from two research cycles. The first cycle for the pretest and the second cycle for posttes. The results of the study found that the application of Problem Based Instruction (PBI) based learning process can improve the writing of paragraphs of argument on Class X SMK Triatma Jaya Dalung. Application of learning with the PBI model can also increase student learning activities. The mistakes often made by the students of class X of SMK Triatma Jaya Dalung in writing descriptive text paragraphs among them in terms of creativity of topic development, in terms of organization that includes the structure of argumentation and in terms of vocabulary selection, language use, and mechanical aspects, the argumentation has several deficiency. Management of learning with the right PBI model can improve the skills of writing paragraphs of descriptive text of students of Class X SMK Triatma Jaya Dalung. First, the PBI model is more fun in learning to write descriptive text paragraphs. Secondly, the PBI model is more effective in writing descriptive text paragraphs because the problems that exist in reading are easier and inspire students in generating ideas. Third, the PBI model can enhance student creativity.

Keywords: writing, descriptive text, problem based instruction
Music Brands
Authors: O’Reilly Dr Daragh , Larsen Dr Gretchen , Kubacki Dr Krzysztof
Published: April 2020

Fender Stratocasters, Steinway grand pianos, Marshall amplifiers, the iPod – these are all brands associated with the music business in one way or another. However, in addition to these product brands, there is regular talk within the music industry of pop idols, rock icons, pop stars, jazz greats, rock gods, legendary opera singers, cult bands, guitar heroes, stellar performances, trademark sounds, signature tunes, classic albums, breakthrough singles, rock ‘n’ roll myths, anthemic songs, breakout/ breakthrough recordings, and – of course – hype. These terms have in common the signification of some kind of, or some claim to, cultural distinction. From a marketing point of view, this kind of talk fits very easily into the strategic notion of positioning, as well as the discourse of branding.
Musicians
Authors: O’Reilly Dr Daragh , Larsen Dr Gretchen , Kubacki Dr Krzysztof
Published: April 2020

Being a musician can be like playing the Lottery – many try it, almost all enjoy the thrill, but very few win the jackpot. The reasons why someone decides to become a musician can be puzzling: it offers irregular and, on average, rather low income, is a competitive job market with low barriers to entry, entails a need to rely on financial support from others and the necessity to subsidise artistic work by taking jobs outside the music industry, and relies on self-proclaimed music experts who vote with their money and can make or break the musician’s career. And although practically everyone, at some point in their lives, has known at least one person who has claimed to be a musician, still only one out of thousands achieve any financial stability. Of those lucky ones who sign up with a record company, only about 5% break even (Seifert and Hadiba, 2006), and those who manage their own careers often end up spending more time on non-musical activities then they do actually playing music. Most musicians find it impossible to support themselves from their creative work alone. The old economic models tell us that no rationally thinking individual should decide to become a musician (Nagel, 1988).
The Effect of Increasing the Air Flow Pressure on the Properties of Coatings During the Arc Spraying of Cored Wires
Authors: Mykhailo Student , Volodymyr Gvozdetsky , Oleksandra Student , Olegas Prentkovskis , Pavlo Maruschak , Olena Olenyuk , Liudmyla Titova
Published: April 2020

The melting conditions of the electrode wires and the structure of coatings, obtained by the electric arc spraying method depending on the pressure of the spraying air flow, are analysed in the current paper. The effect of air pressure on the spraying angle of the flow of melted metal droplets is demonstrated. It is established that due to the decrease in this spraying angle, the temperature of the droplets increases. In addition, high-speed airflow is more easily captured by smaller molten metal droplets and during the contact with the substrate surface their deformations were more strongly. Due to such phenomenon, the porosity of the coatings was reduced and the number of lamellae, welded to each other, increased. With the increasing pressure of the air flow, the thicknesses of the lamellae were decreased, however, the amount of the oxide phase in the coatings has increased. As a result, the hardness, wear resistance and cohesive strength of the coatings, obtained at a higher pressure of the air flow, have increased, and the level of residual stresses of the first kind in them decreased.
The role of regional and local taxes in the formation of revenues of consolidated budgets of Russian constituents
Authors: Aguzarova F.S.
Published: April 2020

Subject. This article discusses the importance of regional and local taxes in the formation of revenues of consolidated budgets of regions.
Objectives. The article aims to define the role of property tax in the formation of revenues of budgets of territories of Russia and make economically sound proposals to improve the efficiency of regional and local taxation.
Methods. For the study, I used the systemic-functional method, graphical method, methods of observation and statistics data collection, method of scientific abstraction, and the methods of synthesis and analysis.
Results. The survey confirms the low role of regional and local taxes in sub budgets. The article proposes to increase the value of these taxes by changing individual elements, taking into account the financial status of taxpayers. Identifying the facts of tax avoidance will strengthen the significance of taxes. Eliminating the shadow economy will help obtain additional revenues of the territories.
Conclusions. The proposed measures will strengthen the financial component of the economic actors and create the basis for their self-financing.
Can a virtual on-line nation-wide mentorship-matching process meet the need?
Authors: Hollenberg Morley D.
Published: April 2020

In Homer’s 8th century BC Greek epic poem “Odyssey”, Odysseus, upon leaving town to do battle for an extended period, could not have done better than to leave his son, Telemachus, in the care of a trusted friend, Mentor. Thus, “mentorship” can be seen as a key process, whereby a more experienced individual takes on an advisor role for a less-experienced colleague.