bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attraction or Repelling Effects of Commercial Plant Essential Oils on the Synanthropic Cheiracanthium mildei (Araneae: Cheiracanthiidae)
Authors: Gloríková Nela , Skuhrovec Jiří , Nový Pavel , Klouček Pavel , Řezáč Milan
Published: June 2022

The northern yellow sac spider Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch, is expanding its range to Central Europe, especially to synanthropic habitats. The spiders become unwanted companions because of the unreasonable fear – arachnophobia, and estetic reason – silk retreats in corners, capturing dust. The most commonly used substances against spiders are pesticides, which are, however, toxic. In our work we tested the attraction or repellence of 15 essential oils (EO) from plants representing eight families to C. mildei. Our research has shown a significant repellent effect of EO from three plants, namely Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et L. M. Perry (Myrtales: Myrtaceae), Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. (Poales: Bromeliaceae) and Musa sp. (L.) (Zingiberales: Musaceae). In contrast, some EOs appeared to have an attraction effect, particularly Carum carvi L. (Apiales: Apiaceae). Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) reduced the tendency of spiders to construct the silken retreat. S. aromaticum, A. sativus, Musa sp. and Z. officinale have the potential to be used as natural repellents against spiders.
The Associations of Multivitamin and Antioxidant Use With Mortality Among Women and Men Diagnosed With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Figueiredo Jane C , Guinter Mark A , Newton Christina C , McCullough Marjorie L , Um Caroline Y , Patel Alpa V , Campbell Peter T
Published: June 2022

Background

Colorectal cancer survivors often use multivitamins and other over-the-counter dietary supplements, but evidence is limited regarding their potential associations with mortality.

Methods

This prospective analysis included women and men from the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort who were cancer-free at baseline (1992 or 1993) and diagnosed with colorectal cancer through June 2015. Detailed information on multivitamin use, vitamin C supplements, and vitamin E supplements was self-reported on questionnaires at baseline, in 1997, and every 2 years thereafter. Pre- and postdiagnosis data were available for 3176 and 2006 colorectal cancer survivors, respectively, among whom 2116 (648 from colorectal cancer) and 1256 (242 from colorectal cancer) died. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models examined associations. All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results

Among colorectal cancer survivors, 49.7% and 58.5% reported multivitamin use before and after diagnosis, respectively (vitamin C use before and after diagnosis: 27.8% and 28.1%; vitamin E use before and after diagnosis: 27.5% and 29.4%, respectively). There were no statistically significant associations of pre- or postdiagnosis multivitamin use with all-cause, colorectal cancer-specific, or noncolorectal cancer mortality. Vitamin C was also not associated with any mortality outcomes. However, prediagnosis vitamin E use was associated with a non-statistically significant increased risk of all-cause mortality (multivariable adjusted hazard ratio = 1.08, 95% confidence intervals = 0.96 to 1.23) and all other noncolorectal cancer mortality (multivariable adjusted hazard ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence intervals = 0.97 to 1.31).

Conclusions

These results suggest that multivitamin use before or after diagnosis is not associated with mortality in colorectal cancer survivors. However, vitamin E use may be associated with increased risk of mortality and merits further investigation.
Novel bi-allelic variants in KASH5 are associated with meiotic arrest and non-obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Yang Chao , Lin Xiaoqi , Ji Zhiyong , Huang Yuhua , Zhang Ling , Luo Jiaqiang , Chen Huixing , Li Peng , Tian Ruhui , Zhi Erlei , Hong Yan , Zhou Zhi , Zhang Feng , Li Zheng , Yao Chencheng
Published: June 2022

KASH5 is an essential component of the LINC (linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex that regulates chromosome movements and nuclear envelope (NE) remodeling in mouse spermatocytes during meiosis prophase I, but its expression and function in human cells, as well as its association with male infertility are largely unknown. In this study, a novel heterozygous copy number variation (CNV) (seq [GRCh37] del(19) (19q13.33) chr19: g.49894043-49903011del) and a heterozygous loss of function variant (NM_144688: c.979_980del: p.R327Sfs*21) in human KASH5 were identified in a non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA)-affected patient and in his infertile sister by whole-exome sequencing and CNV array. Spermatogenesis in the proband was arrested at zygotene-like stage with a deficiency in homolog pairing and synapsis. KASH5 protein expression in human spermatocytes was evaluated and reported first in this study. Single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrated that the LINC complex and associated genes in human and mouse shared a similar expression pattern, indicating a conserved mechanism in the regulation of chromosome movements and NE remodeling. Kash5 knockout mouse displayed similar phenotypes, including a meiotic arrest at a zygotene-like stage and impaired pairing and synapsis. Collectively, we have identified novel rare variants within human KASH5 in patients with NOA and meiosis arrest. Our study expands the knowledge of KASH5 and associated proteins in regulating human meiosis prophase I progress and provides new insight into the genetic etiology of NOA.
Evolution of humoral lesions on follow-up biopsy stratifies the risk for renal graft loss after antibody-mediated rejection treatment
Authors: Bouchet Antonin , Muller Brieuc , Olagne Jerome , Barba Thomas , Joly Mélanie , Obrecht Augustin , Rabeyrin Maud , Dijoud Frédérique , Picard Cécile , Mezaache Sarah , Sicard Antoine , Koenig Alice , Parissiadis Anne , Dubois Valérie , Morelon Emmanuel , Caillard Sophie , Thaunat Olivier
Published: June 2022

Background

The standard-of-care protocol, based on plasma exchanges, high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin and optimization of maintenance immunosuppression, can slow down the evolution of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), but with high interindividual variability. Identification of a reliable predictive tool of the response to AMR treatment is a mandatory step for personalization of the follow-up strategy and to guide second-line therapies.

Methods

Interrogation of the electronic databases of 2 French university hospitals (Lyon and Strasbourg) retrospectively identified 81 renal transplant recipients diagnosed with AMR without chronic lesions (cg score ≤1) at diagnosis and for whom a follow-up biopsy had been performed 3–6 months after initiation of therapy.

Results

The evolution of humoral lesions on follow-up biopsy (disappearance versus persistence versus progression) correlated with the risk for allograft loss (logrank test, P = .001). Patients with disappearance of humoral lesions had ∼80% graft survival at 10 years. The hazard ratio for graft loss in multivariate analysis was 3.91 (P = .04) and 5.15 (P = .02) for patients with persistence and progression of lesions, respectively. The non-invasive parameters classically used to follow the intensity of humoral alloimmune response (evolution of immunodominant DSA mean fluorescence intensity) and the decline of renal graft function (estimated glomerular filtration rate decrease and persistent proteinuria) showed little clinical value to predict the histological response to AMR therapy.

Conclusion

We conclude that invasive monitoring of the evolution of humoral lesions by the mean of follow-up biopsy performed 3–6 months after the initiation of therapy is an interesting tool to predict long-term outcome after AMR treatment.
Emphasizing the importance of using cold-ironing technology by determining the share of hotelling emission value within the total emission
Authors: Kose S , Sekban D M
Published: June 2022

Considering the number of deaths due to air pollution, it is clear that it poses a great danger to public health. Sources that cause air pollution can be divided into two groups: natural resources (such as desert storms, fires and volcanic eruptions) and artificial sources (residences, industrial sector and motor vehicles), which cause a much higher rate of air pollution than natural resources. It is known that air pollutants originating from ships and port operations have an important share among vehicle sourced pollutants. Considering the emissions from both ships and operational reasons and their proximity to human habitats, it is obvious that port regions are important points in terms of emissions harmful to human health. The use of cold-ironing technology in ports instead of providing the energy needed from ship auxiliary machinery during the hotelling period at the port is the most effective method used to reduce the amount of ship-sourced emissions in the port area. On the other hand, it is seen that the number of ports where cold-ironing technology is used, which is extremely effective in reducing emissions harmful to human health, is quite limited. In this context, the share of the emission amount during the hotelling period in the total emission amount in the port area was calculated according to ship type and duration of hotelling in the port, and the importance of the use of cold-ironing technology in reducing the port-originated emissions was emphasized.
Microglia and macrophages contribute to the development and maintenance of sciatica in lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Lu Xuan , Chen Lunhao , Jiang Chao , Cao Kelei , Gao Zhihua , Wang Yue
Published: June 2022

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a major cause of sciatica. Emerging evidence indicated that inflammation induced by the herniated nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues plays a major role in the pathogenesis of sciatica. However, the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Although microglia and macrophages have been implicated in nerve injury–induced neuropathic pain, their roles in LDH-induced sciatica largely remain unknown. This study successfully established and modified a mouse model of LDH. We found that nerve root compression using degenerated NP tissues can initiate remarkable and persistent sciatica, with increased and prolonged macrophage infiltration in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and significant activation of microglia in the spinal dorsal horn. Instead, compression of the nerve root with nondegenerated NP tissues only led to transient sciatica, with transient infiltration and activation of macrophages and microglia. Moreover, continuous treatment of PLX5622, a specific colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor antagonist, ablated both macrophages and microglia, which effectively alleviated LDH-induced sciatica. However, mechanical allodynia reoccurred along with the repopulation of macrophages and microglia after the withdrawal of PLX5622. Using RNA sequencing analysis, the current study depicted transcriptional profile changes of DRG after LDH and identified several macrophage-related potential target candidates. Our results suggested that microglia and macrophages may play an essential role in the development and maintenance of LDH-induced sciatica. Targeting microglia and macrophages may be a promising treatment for chronic LDH-induced sciatica.
Integrating Interprofessional Collaborative Practice Into Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety Education
Authors: McCullagh Marjorie C. , Valentín-Cortés Mislael A. , D'Souza Clive , Batterman Stuart A. , Neitzel Richard , Zhen Harry , O'Neill Marie S.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Although occupational health and safety programs are expected to prepare graduates to function in an interprofessional collaborative environment, research to support training in this area is far less common in this discipline than among clinical programs. We incorporated interprofessional education (IPE) competencies into an occupational health and safety course for graduate students in diverse disciplines (public health, engineering, nursing) and evaluated effectiveness.

Methods

We assessed course offerings for content learning and attitudes toward IPE and analyzed data using a mixed-methods approach.

Results

In general, students increased their understanding of the role of other disciplines, confidence in working in interprofessional teams, and valuation of IPE.

Conclusion

Introducing IPE competencies into graduate education in worker health and safety is feasible and can equip students to more effectively work in occupational health–oriented multidisciplinary teams.
COVID-19 Infections in Health Care Personnel by Source of Exposure and Correlation With Community Incidence
Authors: Wight Elizabeth , Swift Melanie , O'Horo John C. , Hainy Caitlin , Molella Robin , Morrow Allison , Breeher Laura
Published: June 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to describe the rate of household, community, occupational, and travel-related COVID-19 infections among health care personnel (HCP).

Methods

In a retrospective cohort study of 3694 HCP with COVID-19 infections from July 5 to December 19, 2020, we analyzed infection source data and rates, compared with local and state infection rates, and performed a correlation analysis.

Results

Household (27.1%) and community (15.6%) exposures were the most common sources of infection. Occupational exposures accounted for 3.55% of HCP infections. Unattributable infections (no known exposure source) accounted for 53.1% and correlated with community rather than occupational exposure (R = 0.99 vs 0.78, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

COVID-19 infections in this large HCP cohort correlated closely with infection rates in the community. The low incidence of occupational infections supports the effectiveness of institutional infection prevention and control measures.
One Drop Improves Productivity for Workers With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lavaysse Lindsey M. , Imrisek Steven D. , Lee Matthew , Osborn Chandra Y. , Hirsch Ashley , Hoy-Rosas Jamillah , Nagra Harpreet , Goldner Dan , Dachis Jeff , Sears Lindsay E.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Diabetes research on work productivity has been largely cross-sectional and retrospective, with only one known randomized controlled trial (RCT) published, to our knowledge. Secondary analysis of the Fit-One RCT tested the effect of One Drop’s digital health program on workplace productivity outcomes, absenteeism, and presenteeism, for employees and specifically for older workers with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Analysis of the 3-month Fit-One trial data from employees who have type 2 diabetes explored productivity using logistic analyses and generalized estimating equations.

Results

Treatment and control group comparisons showed that workers (N = 125) using One Drop see direct benefits to workplace productivity, which leads to productivity savings for employers.

Conclusion

This was the first RCT to demonstrate that a mobile health application for managing type 2 diabetes can positively affect productivity at work.
Sodium Bicarbonate Locks May Be a Safe and Effective Alternative in Pediatric Intestinal Failure: A Pilot Study
Authors: Josyabhatla Rohit , Naik Mamta , Liu Yuying , Speer Allison L. , Imseis Essam M.
Published: June 2022

This was a retrospective study that compared outcomes in pediatric intestinal failure (IF) patients that were switched from ethanol lock therapy (ELT) to sodium bicarbonate lock therapy (SBLT). The primary outcome was rate of catheter-related blood stream infections (CRBSI). The secondary outcomes were number of hospitalizations, emergency room (ER) visits, central venous catheter (CVC)-related complications. In 4 patients, median rates of CRBSI were 2.77 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.6–5.6) on ELT versus 0 on SBLT per 1000 catheter days (P= 0.17). The median rates of hospitalizations and ER visits for CVC-related complications were 6.1 (IQR 3.2–10.2) on ELT versus 0 on SBLT (IQR 0–0;P= 0.11) and 2.8 (IQR 2–3.6) on ELT versus 1.8 (IQR 0–3.7) on SBLT per 1000 catheter days (P= 0.50), respectively. Rates of CVC-related complications were similar. No adverse events were reported. SBLT may be safe and effective for pediatric IF.
Reimagining Critical Care Education During COVID-19 With High-Level Technology
Authors: Beck Nancy M. , Murray Paula , Quintanilla Benjamin
Published: June 2022

Methods of critical care (CC) education were quickly challenged when faced with the COVID-19 pandemic requiring social distancing and limited group sizes. A new delivery model was designed—one that included a smart video conferencing and recording system and an online platform to access education. Over the course of 4 weeks, the CC program was revamped to meet the immediate needs of CC new hires coming to this tertiary and quaternary medical center.
Five-Step Scapula Tip Flap Harvesting for Oromaxillofacial Defects Reconstruction
Authors: Gomez-Martinez de Lecea Cristina , Schweizer Riccardo , Thor Andreas , Rodriguez-Lorenzo Andres
Published: June 2022

In the last 10 years, there has been an increased focus on the scapula tip free flap for head and neck reconstructions. Its several advantages make it a versatile and reliable reconstructive option for patients with orofacial compound defects. The aim of this article is to present a systematic surgical approach for the harvesting of the scapula tip free flap. Herein, a step-by-step surgical approach and some technical tips are described to make the scapula tip flap dissection simpler, safer, and more straightforward.
Concentrations of Efavirenz, Tenofovir, and Emtricitabine in Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Solanke Toyosi , Kamau Festus , Esterhuizen Tonya , Maartens Gary , Khoo Saye , Joska John A. , Kellermann Tracy , Strijdom Hans. , Decloedt Eric H.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Obesity is increasing worldwide including in people living with HIV (PLWH). Antiretroviral pharmacokinetic data in obesity are limited.

Objectives:

To measure antiretroviral drug concentrations in obese and nonobese PLWH treated with the fixed-dose combination of efavirenz–tenofovir–emtricitabine. To determine pharmacokinetic differences across indicators of obesity and their associated immunovirological outcomes.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional sample analysis of 2 cohort studies. We measured mid-dose efavirenz, 8-hydroxy-efavirenz, tenofovir, and emtricitabine concentrations. Antiretroviral drug concentrations were analyzed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR).

Results:

We performed a study of 213 participants: General obesity was detected in 20.4% using BMI and abdominal obesity in 53.6% using WC and 62.4% using WHR, respectively. The median concentrations of all antiretroviral drugs were lower among obese participants determined by BMI and WC, with efavirenz showing greater differences than tenofovir or emtricitabine. For BMI, results were most striking for efavirenz (1752.3 vs 2342.9 ng/mL, P = 0.002) with lower concentrations in obese participants. Using WC, efavirenz (1845.8 vs 2571.2 ng/mL, P < 0.001), tenofovir (65.8 vs 73.2 ng/mL, P = 0.036), and emtricitabine (159.5 vs 221.0 ng/mL, P = 0.005) concentrations were lower in obese participants. Eight-hydroxyefavirenz concentrations were similar in nonobese and obese participants for WC. Using WHR, the concentrations of all antiretroviral drugs were lower in the obese population, most strikingly for emtricitabine (173.5 vs 229.0 ng/mL, P = 0.015). There were no immunovirological associations.

Conclusion:

We found lower antiretroviral concentrations in all obese groups, most strikingly in participants with abdominal obesity determined by WC. Lower drug concentrations had no immunovirological associations.
Challenges and Opportunities in the Supply of Living Kidney Donation in the UK National Health Service: An Economic Perspective
Authors: Morris Tiyi , Maple Hannah , Norton Sam , Chilcot Joseph , Burnapp Lisa , Draper Heather , Mamode Nizam , McCrone Paul
Published: June 2022

End-stage kidney disease is a significant burden on the healthcare systems of many countries, and this is likely to continue because of an increasingly aging and comorbid population. Multiple studies have demonstrated a significant clinical benefit in transplantation when compared with dialysis, however, there continues to be a shortage of donor kidneys available. This article provides an economic perspective on issues pertinent to living kidney donation and transplantation. Although ethics, equity, and cultural considerations often seem at odds with economic concepts around resource allocation, this article explains the situation around supply and demand for living kidneys and illustrates how this has been addressed in the economic literature. The article discusses different policy recommendations for resolving the imbalance between supply and demand in kidney donation, through policies under 3 main approaches: increasing supply, decreasing demand, and improving the allocation of kidney supply.
Life after autoantibody-mediated encephalitis: optimizing follow-up and management in recovering patients
Authors: Turcano Pierpaolo , Day Gregory S.
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review

Timely diagnosis and treatment is essential to optimize outcomes in patients with antibody-mediated encephalitis (AME); yet even with early diagnosis and treatment, long-term outcomes may still fall short of expectations. Identifying patients at greater risk of adverse outcomes is key to personalizing care, supporting accurate counseling of patients and family members, and informing therapeutic decisions in patients with AME. This review considers long-term outcomes in recovering patients, including approaches to measure and manage common sequelae that influence life after AME.

Recent findings

Cognitive impairment, fatigue, and sleep disturbances affect most recovering AME patients. This realization highlights the need for outcome measures that encompass more than motor function. Standardized questionnaires, surveys, and clinical assessment tools may be adapted to support comprehensive and reproducible clinical assessments and to identify patients who may benefit from additional therapies.

Good outcomes continue to be reported in recovering patients, emphasizing the high potential for recovery following AME. However, cognitive, behavioral, and physical sequelae may limit the potential for great outcomes following AME. Multidisciplinary follow-up is needed to recognize and treat sequelae that compromise long-term recovery and limit quality of life in recovering patients.
Progress in the mechanism of neuronal surface P antigen modulating hippocampal function and implications for autoimmune brain disease
Authors: Barake Francisca , Bravo-Zehnder Marcela , González Alfonso
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review

The aim of this study was to present a new regulation system in the hippocampus constituted by the neuronal surface P antigen (NSPA) and the tyrosine phosphatase PTPMEG/PTPN4, which provides mechanistic and therapeutic possibilities for cognitive dysfunction driven by antiribosomal P protein autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Recent findings

Mice models lacking the function of NSPA as an E3 ubiquitin ligase show impaired glutamatergic synaptic plasticity, decreased levels of NMDAR at the postsynaptic density in hippocampus and memory deficits. The levels of PTPMEG/PTPN4 are increased due to lower ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, resulting in dephosphorylation of tyrosines that control endocytosis in GluN2 NMDAR subunits. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) that normally contributes to memory processes is also defective in the absence of NSPA.

NSPA function is crucial in memory processes controlling the stability of NMDAR at PSD through the ubiquitination of PTPMEG/PTPN4 and also through AHN. As anti-P autoantibodies reproduce the impairments of glutamatergic transmission, plasticity and memory performance seen in the absence of NSPA, it might be expected to perturb the NSPA/PTPMEG/PTPN4 pathway leading to hypofunction of NMDAR. This neuropathogenic mechanism contrasts with that of anti-NMDAR antibodies also involved in lupus cognitive dysfunction. Testing this hypothesis might open new therapeutic possibilities for cognitive dysfunction in SLE patients bearing anti-P autoantibodies.
Cycling multisensory changes in migraine: more than a headache
Authors: Peng Kuan-Po , May Arne , Basedau Hauke
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review

Research on migraine usually focuses on the headache; however, accumulating evidence suggests that migraine not only changes the somatosensory system for nociception (pain), but also the other modalities of perception, such as visual, auditory or tactile sense. More importantly, the multisensory changes exist beyond the headache (ictal) phase of migraine and show cyclic changes, suggesting a central generator driving the multiple sensory changes across different migraine phases. This review summarizes the latest studies that explored the cyclic sensory changes of migraine.

Recent findings

Considerable evidence from recent neurophysiological and functional imaging studies suggests that alterations in brain activation start at least 48 h before the migraine headache and outlast the pain itself for 24 h. Several sensory modalities are involved with cyclic changes in sensitivity that peak during the ictal phase.

In many ways, migraine represents more than just vascular-mediated headaches. Migraine alters the propagation of sensory information long before the headache attack starts.
Functional MRI in migraine
Authors: Messina Roberta , Gollion Cedric , Christensen Rune Häckert , Amin Faisal Mohammad
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review

The underlying mechanisms of migraine are complex and heterogenous. Advances in neuroimaging techniques during the past few decades have contributed to our understanding of migraine pathophysiology. Brain function in migraine patients has been widely explored using functional MRI (fMRI). This review will highlight the major fMRI findings that characterize the different phases of migraine.

Recent findings

The migraine attack starts with hypothalamic hyperexcitability and early reorganization of the common ascending pain and central trigeminovascular pathways. Moreover, the visual cortex becomes hyperexcitable during the aura phase. During the headache phase, further disruptions of the pontine, thalamic, sensorimotor and visual networks occur, although the hypothalamic activity and connectivity normalizes. The visual cortex remains hyperexcitable during the postdromal phase. Asymptomatic migraine patients can also experience functional alternations of pain and visual processing brain areas. At present, the heterogeneity of the asymptomatic phase and fMRI findings make it difficult to find common denominator.

fMRI studies have captured functional brain changes associated with migraine phases, leading to an improvement of our understanding of migraine pathophysiology. Further MRI studies are needed to disclose whether the migraine attack is triggered by intrinsic brain dysfunction or external factors.
Therapies targeting CGRP signaling for medication overuse headache
Authors: Koumprentziotis Ioannis-Alexios , Mitsikostas Dimos D.
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review

Medication overuse headache (MOH) affects more than 60 million individuals worldwide causing enormous personal and social burden. Only repurposed drugs are available for MOH that share limited evidence for efficacy. The preclinical data suggesting that activation of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway is involved in headache chronification along with clinical evidence that monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP (anti-CGRP mAbs) have good efficacy in preventing chronic migraine, triggered this review that aims to summarize the current data on the effectiveness and safety of mAbs against CGRP in MOH.

Recent findings

Post hoc analyses of phase-3 trials of erenumab, fremanezumab, galcanezumab, and eptinezumab for the prevention of chronic migraine revealed that patients with MOH benefit from the treatment over placebo. Several real-world studies confirm the efficacy of erenumab and galcanezumab in patients with MO. However, all published trials evaluated treatments in patients with chronic migraine with MO collectively, not in patients with MOH exclusively.

The available data indicate that anti-CGRP mAbs represent a good mechanism-based and disease-specific therapeutical option with for MOH as long as detoxification and additional nonpharmaceutical interventions are operated. Future research should focus on long-term-controlled trials in MOH populations exclusively.
Virtual recruitment and participant engagement for substance use research during a pandemic
Authors: Hoeflich Carolin C. , Wang Anna , Otufowora Ayodeji , Cottler Linda B. , Striley Catherine W.
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic resulted in cataclysmic changes to the research enterprise, causing a forced shutdown or rapid pivot to virtual methods. Adapting studies to the virtual environment also impacted recruitment and retention strategies. This review elucidated challenges and offered pragmatic recommendations, drawing on published literature and our prior work, to assist researchers in re-evaluating and amending best-practice techniques to bolster inclusive recruitment and study engagement of people using substances, particularly for virtual interviews or focus groups.

Recent findings

Ameliorating recruitment strategies and research protocols to better fit virtual methods of recruitment and study administration required careful consideration of ethical and logistical implications. Many procedures to increase enrollment of underrepresented populations, such as building mutually beneficial and respectful community partnerships, recruiting via social media, or providing ambulatory research centers, existed prior to this specific pandemic. However, unprecedented disruptions in resources needed to participate in virtual interviews or focus groups, privacy concerns, and possible deteriorating trust in research necessitated continued adaptation and expansion of these strategies.

Building upon prepandemic, community-engaged strategies may continue to facilitate diverse recruitment efforts and advance science productivity in the substance use and addiction field during the pandemic and thereafter.
Computational Analysis of Six Expression Studies Reveals miRNA-mRNA Interactions and 25 Consistently Disrupted Genes in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Gao Sarah , Gao Andrew
Published: June 2022

Atopic dermatitis (AD), known as eczema, affects millions of people worldwide and is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. It is associated with risks of developing asthma, food allergies, and various other diseases related to the immune system. AD can also negatively affect the self-esteem of patients. Gene expression data could yield new insights into molecular mechanisms and pathways of AD, however, results often vary drastically between studies. In this study, expression data from five mRNA studies and one miRNA study were combined to identify differences between atopic dermatitis skin and unaffected, normal skin. Protein interaction network analysis and Panther analysis revealed that pathways related to leukocyte behavior, antimicrobial defense, metal sequestration, and type 1 interferon signaling were significantly affected in AD. In total, 25 genes, such as SERPINB4 and ST1007 were consistently identified to be disrupted across studies. Within the 25, 11 were underexpressed and 14 were overexpressed. Several genes implicated in skin cancers were among the 25. We also identified underexpressed 13 miRNAs, many of which regulate some of the 14 overexpressed genes. Gene FOXM1 was targeted by 6 underexpressed miRNAs and was on average overexpressed by 9.53 times in AD. Presumably, underexpression of miRNAs led to overexpression of their gene targets. The results of this research have implications for diagnostic tests and therapies for AD. It elucidates molecular mechanisms of AD with greater confidence than does a single study alone. Future steps include experiments regarding the role of SERPINB4, ST1007, neutrophil and leukocyte aggregation, and interferon signaling in AD. Additionally, the associations between AD and skin cancers should be further investigated.
Early Treatment of Favipiravir in COVID-19 Patients Without Pneumonia: A Multicentre, Open-Labelled, Randomized Control Study
Authors: Sirijatuphat Rujipas , Manosuthi Weerawat , Niyomnaitham Suvimol , Owen Andrew , Copeland Katherine K. , Charoenpong Lantharita , Rattanasompattikul Manoch , Mahasirimongkol Surakameth , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya
Published: June 2022

We investigated Favipiravir (FPV) efficacy in mild cases of COVID-19 without pneumonia and its effects towards viral clearance, clinical condition, and risk of COVID-19 pneumonia development. PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients without pneumonia were enrolled (2:1) within 10 days of symptomatic onset into FPV and control arms. The former received 1800 mg FPV twice-daily (BID) on Day 1 and 800 mg BID 5-14 days thereafter until negative viral detection, while the latter received supportive care only. The primary endpoint was time to clinical improvement, which was defined by a reduced National Early Warning Score (NEWS) or score of ≤1. 62 patients (41 female) comprised the FPV arm (median age: 32 years, median BMI: 22 kg/m²) and 31 patients (19 female) comprised the control arm (median age: 28 years, median BMI: 22 kg/m². The median time to sustained clinical improvement by NEWS was 2 vs 14 days for FPV and control arms respectively (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 2.77, 95% CI 1.57-4.88, P <0.001). The FPV arm also had significantly higher likelihoods of clinical improvement within 14 days after enrolment by NEWS (79% vs 32% respectively, P <0.001), particularly female patients (aOR 6.35, 95% CI 1.49-27.07, P <0.001). 8 (12.9%) and 7 (22.6%) patients in FPV and control arms developed mild pneumonia at a median (range) 6.5 (1-13) and 7 (1-13) days after treatment, respectively (P = 0.316); all recovered well without complications. We can conclude that early treatment of FPV in symptomatic COVID-19 patients without pneumonia was associated with faster clinical improvement.
α2,6-Sialylation is Upregulated in Severe COVID-19 Implicating the Complement Cascade
Authors: Qin Rui , Kurz Emma , Chen Shuhui , Zeck Briana , Chiribogas Luis , Jackson Dana , Herchen Alex , Attia Tyson , Carlock Michael , Rapkiewicz Amy , Bar-Sagi Dafna , Ritchie Bruce , Ross Ted M. , Mahal Lara K.
Published: June 2022

Better understanding of the mechanisms of COVID-19 severity is desperately needed in current times. Although hyper-inflammation drives severe COVID-19, precise mechanisms triggering this cascade and what role glycosylation might play therein is unknown. Here we report the first high-throughput glycomic analysis of COVID-19 plasma samples and autopsy tissues. We find α2,6-sialylation is upregulated in plasma of patients with severe COVID-19 and in the lung. This glycan motif is enriched on members of the complement cascade, which show higher levels of sialylation in severe COVID-19. In the lung tissue, we observe increased complement deposition, associated with elevated α2,6-sialylation levels, corresponding to elevated markers of poor prognosis (IL-6) and fibrotic response. We also observe upregulation of the α2,6-sialylation enzyme ST6GAL1 in patients who succumbed to COVID-19. Our work identifies a heretofore undescribed relationship between sialylation and complement in severe COVID-19, potentially informing future therapeutic development.
The association between visual hallucinations and secondary psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dadwal Amber Kaur , Blackman Graham , Teixeira-Dias Maria , ffytche Dominic
Published: June 2022

Background

Visual hallucinations are often considered by clinicians to be suggestive of a secondary cause of psychosis, however, this association has never been assessed meta-analytically. We aimed to compare the presence of visual hallucinations in patients with psychosis due to a primary or secondary cause.

Method

A meta-analysis of case-control studies directly comparing primary and secondary psychosis was conducted. PubMed, OVID, MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO and Global Health databases were searched without date restrictions. Two researchers performed the search independently. The inclusion criteria were studies that reported the frequency of visual hallucinations in patients with primary and secondary psychosis and were published in English. A random-effects model, following the DerSimonian and Laird method, was used to pool studies and generate overall odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Fourteen studies (904 primary and 804 secondary psychosis patients) were included. Visual hallucinations were significantly associated with secondary psychosis (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.7-5.1, p<0.001) with moderate between-study heterogeneity (I2=70%). Subgroup analysis by type of secondary psychosis (organic, drug-induced, mixed) was non-significant. Analysis of the content of visual hallucinations (51 primary and 142 secondary psychosis patients) found hallucinations of inanimate objects more likely to be associated with secondary psychosis (OR = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.01-0.8, p=0.03).

Conclusions

Visual hallucinations were found to be strongly associated with a secondary cause of psychosis. The presence of visual hallucinations in a patient presenting with psychosis may serve as a potential ‘red flag’ for a secondary cause and warrant further investigation.

Key messages

What is already known

Psychotic symptoms may arise due to either an idiopathic primary (‘non-organic’) disorder or a secondary cause, such as an underlying medical (‘organic’) disorder. Whilst it is widely accepted amongst clinicians that visual hallucinations are associated with a secondary psychosis, this has never been established meta analytically.

What this study adds

Patients with a secondary cause of psychosis are approximately three times more likely to experience visual hallucinations than patients with a primary psychiatric disorder. The content of visual hallucinations in patients with a secondary cause also differs compared to patient with a primary cause.

How this study might affect practice

Findings provide the strongest evidence to date for routinely assessing patients for the presence of visual hallucinations as part of the standard psychiatric assessment. A positive finding should be considered a ‘red flag’ for a secondary cause.
Early intervention with ColdZyme mouth spray after self-diagnosis of common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Lindberg B. Fredrik , Nelson Ida , Ranstam Jonas , Riker Donald K.
Published: June 2022

Background

A glycerol throat spray containing cold-adapted cod trypsin creates a protective barrier and is known to deactivate common cold virus in vitro and decrease pharyngeal rhinovirus load after inoculation in humans. Early self-diagnosis and use of the medical device ColdZyme indicate a safe alternative for treatment in naturally occurring common colds.

Methods

This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study conducted at ten German sites to evaluate the efficacy of the medical device ColdZyme, a glycerol mouth spray containing cold-adapted cod trypsin, for naturally occurring common cold, versus placebo. Adults experiencing a minimum of three common colds during the previous year, but otherwise healthy, were enrolled to begin treatment with the mouth spray or placebo six times daily at first sign of a common cold. Jackson’s symptom scale and the 9-item Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey-21 (WURSS-21) quality of life (QoL) domain and sore throat scale were recorded daily by subjects, as well as any use of allowed rescue treatment. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03794804.

Results

Between January and April 2019, 701 subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned to the ColdZyme group (n=351) or the placebo group (n=350). Of the 701 subjects, 438 (62.5%) subjects developed symptoms typical of common cold, and all 438 started study treatment (n=220 in the ColdZyme group and n=218 in the placebo group).

There were no differences between the groups in primary and major secondary endpoints, however, the assessment using the WURSS-21 QoL domain and Jackson score suggests a slightly faster recovery with ColdZyme, as symptoms and complaints affecting the quality of life were shortened about 1 day. The beneficial effect of ColdZyme was particularly noticeable on the fifth day of the common cold. A positive difference between treatment groups was also seen for the subjects’ assessments of global efficacy of the investigational product, and a robust safety profile for ColdZyme was demonstrated throughout the study.

Conclusion

The safety and tolerability of ColdZyme have been confirmed in a larger study population, while establishing evidence of a slightly faster recovery from common cold symptoms.
CONCEPTUAL ADVANCEMENT: SOCIAL HEALTH AS A FACILITATOR IN THE USE OF COGNITIVE RESERVE
Authors: Vernooij-Dassen Myrra , Verspoor Eline , Samtani Suraj , Sachdev Perminder , Ikram M. Arfan , Vernooij Meike W. , Hubers Claudia , Chattat Rabih , Lenart Marta , Rymaszewska Joanna , Szczesnia Dorota , Brodaty Henry , Welmer Anna-Karin , Maddock Jane , van der Velpen Isabelle , Wiegelmann Henrik , Marseglia Anna , Richards Marcus , Melis Rene , de Vugt Marjolein , Moniz-Cook Esme , Jeon Yun-Hee , Perry Marieke , Wolf-Ostermann Karin
Published: June 2022

Dementia is a syndrome where the origins are not fully understood, and we have no cure. New thinking through exploration of paradigms beyond biological approaches has scope to improve knowledge about this complex condition. We aim to explore the role of social health in cognitive decline and the onset of dementia. We performed a scoping and a systematic review of the literature, hypothesizing that social health acts as a driver for stimulating the use of cognitive reserve. The review yielded theoretical pathways and evidence for the association between neurobiological and social health markers. However, lack of conceptual clarity on social health hinders its articulation and associated inclusion of social health markers in epidemiological studies. We therefore apply concept advancement of social health. We developed a conceptual framework, and we present a first testing of our overarching hypothesis. This framework proved to effectively guide the identification of social health markers in our epidemiological data bases. This promotes the identification of modifiable risk factors, which may in turn shape new avenues for preventive interventions.
Pilot Protocol for the Parent and Infant Inter(X)action Intervention (PIXI) Feasibility Study
Authors: Wheeler Anne C , Okoniewski Katherine , Scott Samantha , Edwards Anne , Cheves Emily , Turner-Brown Lauren
Published: June 2022

This paper provides the detailed protocol for a pilot study testing the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a targeted two-phase, remotely delivered early intervention program for infants with neurogenetic conditions (NGC) and their caregivers. The Parent and Infant Inter(X)action Intervention (PIXI) is designed to support parents and infants with an NGC diagnosed in the first year of life. PIXI is implemented in two phases, with the first phase focusing on psychoeducation, parent support, and how to establish routines for supporting infant development. Phase II helps parents learn targeted skills to support their infant’s development as symptoms may begin to emerge. The proposed case series will establish the feasibility of a year-long virtually implemented intervention program to support new parents of an infant diagnosed with an NGC.
Impact of the aileron gap sealing on the aileron effectiveness
Authors: Kowalska Anna , Goetzendorf-Grabowski Tomasz
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the presented aileron modification analysis is the improvement of the flight handling by eliminating adverse phenomena in the aileron area, such as aileron shaking movements, without the risk of deterioration of flow characteristics during manoeuvres. It was also crucial to reduce aileron forces acting on the control stick.

Design/methodology/approach

Numerical CFD analysis of the aileron system with modifications of sealing in the aileron gap area were performed. The effect of the caulking strip at the upper surface of the aileron gap was determined, as well as caulking at the entrance to the aileron gap on the bottom surface. A solution has also been proposed, consisting of completely closing the aileron gap by using a diaphragm. The three-dimensional flow analysis was carried out, allowing localization of the flow disturbances in the aileron gap at cruising speed. The result of the analysis are the aerodynamic and the hinge moment coefficients determining forces on the control stick, depending on the type of seals.

Findings

It has been shown that the use of subsequent sealing means has a direct impact on the hinge moment value. The results of the CFD analysis showed that the more closed aileron gap is, the higher aileron forces are generated on the control stick. Completely closing the flow in the aileron gap changes the character of the force generated on the control stick.

Practical implications

Through CFD analyses of the aileron gap sealing in the PZL-130 Orlik aircraft, the impact of successive aileron gap sealing on the aileron efficiency was determined. It has been shown that simple change of the aileron gap size by the slat sealing can significantly affect the value of the forces generated on the control stick.

Originality/value

The research using CFD methods allowed to verify the impact of the particular type of aileron gap sealing on the hinge moment value and thus to determine proper sealing configuration for the PZL-130 Orlik aircraft at low computational cost.
The Coronavirus Shopping Anxiety Scale: initial validation and development
Authors: Sachdeva Ruchika
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop a scale to measure coronavirus shopping anxiety. Numerous studies have developed a scale for measuring coronavirus anxiety and fear, notably absent is a concerted effort to review and assess the impact of coronavirus on the shopping anxiety of consumers. This scale fulfills this gap.

Design/methodology/approach

The steps taken for checking the various psychometrics of the scale include item generation, followed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) through SPSS and confirmatory factor analysis through AMOS. The data were collected from over 208 respondents.

Findings

This study resulted in the development of a nine-item scale with robust psychometric properties. The scale resulted in highlighting two factors related to anxiety: in-store shopping anxiety and online shopping anxiety.

Research limitations/implications

The scale developed has the desirable reliable and valid properties that could be used by aspiring researchers.

Practical implications

The scale developed highlighted that the restrictions in shopping impact the mental health and psychology of consumers. The scale resulted in analyzing the factors related to shopping anxiety, which could give top management a perspective and vision to look into the minds of the consumer's shopping anxiety behaviors.

Social implications

Companies, firms, health professionals and marketers could use this scale to investigate the various shopping anxiety perceptions among consumers in society.

Originality/value

This research fills the gap by developing a first nine-item scale based on the qualitative research and quantitative assessment for measuring shopping anxiety caused due to the pandemic.