bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF TOOL GEOMETRY OF FRICTION STIR WELDS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF 2218-T72 ALUMINUM ALLOY
Authors: Doos Qasim M. . , Mahmood Samer J.
Published: February 2024

Friction stir welding (FSW) process is an emerging solid state joining process in which the material that is being welded does not melt. This process uses a nonconsumable tool to generate frictional heat in the abutting surfaces. The welding parameters such as tool rotational speed, welding speed, axial force, etc., and tool pin profile play a major role in deciding the weld quality. In this investigation an attempthas been made to understand the effect of tool pin profile and rotation diameter on microstructure and mechanical properties in aluminum alloy (2218-T72). Five different tool pin profiles (straight cylindrical, threaded cylindrical, triangular, square, and threaded cylindrical with flat), with three different rotationdiameter (3, 4, 5) mm. have been used to fabricate the joint. Effect of tool pin profile on mechanical properties of welded joints were investigated using different mechanical tests including (tensile, bending and microhardness tests). Microstructure characteristic during (FSW) process was studied and different welding joint were investigated using optical microscope. Based on the stir welding experiments conducted in this study the results show that aluminum alloy (2218-T72) can be welded using (FSW) process with maximum welding efficiency (86.95%) and (83.21%) in terms of ultimate tensile strength and bending force respectively using tool pin profile (threaded cylindrical with flat) with rotation diameter (5) mm, rotation speed (900rpm) and (30mm/min) welding speed.
MEASUREMENT OF TRANSMITED VIBRATION TO TRACTOR SEAT
Authors: Abdullah Mudafer Kareem , AL-Mafraji Ahmed Abd Ali Hamid
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was conducted at experimental field of Mechanization Agriculture , theCollege of Agriculture , Abu – Ghraib , University of Baghdad .To measure transmitted vibration toseat tractor during operation tillage , mold board plow with New Holland 66-S- 80 tractor as onemachinery unit , Soil was treated at soil constant moisture ( 18 – 20 % ) with two depths of plowing(15 and 20 cm ) and three speed of tractor 2.0 , 3.5, 6.8 km / h . Three main dimensions in seattractor measurement vertical, longitudinal and lateral acceleration. Split plot design undercompletes block design with three replicates
DEVELOPING LAMINAR MIXED CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH VERTICAL CONCENTRIC ANNULI WITH ADIABATIC INNER CYLINDER
Authors: Hussain Ihsan Y. , Mohammed Akeel A. , Sadiq Ghada A.
Published: February 2024

Theoretical and experimental investigations have been carried out on developing laminarcombined free and forced convection heat transfer in a vertical concentric annulus with uniformlyheated outer cylinder (constant heat flux) and adiabatic inner cylinder for both aiding and opposingflows. The theoretical investigation involved a mathematical modeling and numerical solution fortwo dimensional, symmetric, simultaneously developing laminar air flows was achieved. Thegoverning equations of motion (continuity, momentum and energy) are solved by using implicitfinite difference method and the Gauss elimination technique. The theoretical work covers heat fluxrange from (200 to 1500) W/m2, Re range from 400 to 2000 and (1.36×105 ≤ Ra ≤ 1.1×107) withradius ratio of 0.555 which is the same radius ratio used in the experimental part of this study andPr=0.7. The experimental work includes construct a rig consists essentially of an annulus withuniformly heated outer cylinder and adiabatic inner cylinder to give clear insight into heat transferprocess and compare its results with that obtained in theoretical part, the range of the study are(Re= 383, 724, 1000, 1500) and heat flux equal to (q =370, 422, 588, 980) W/m2. Numerical resultswere represented by the temperature profile, axial velocity profile, outer surface temperature andthe distribution of local Nusselt number along the dimensionless axial distance. The velocity andtemperature profile results have revealed that the secondary flow created by natural convection havesignificant effects on the heat transfer process. Results reveal also that the experimental localNusselt number along the annulus follows the same trend as present theoretical results with meandifference 10.23 %.
INTERACTION EFFECTS OF HYDRODYNAMICALLY FULLY DEVELOPED PRIMARY FLOW AND SECONDARY FLOW IN THE THERMAL ENTRANCE REGION OF ANNULAR DUCT
Authors: Mohammed Akeel A.
Published: February 2024

Experiments have been conducted to study the local and average heat transfer by mixedconvection for hydrodynamically fully developed, thermally developing and fully developedlaminar upward air flow in an inclined annulus with adiabatic inner cast iron tube and uniformheated outer aluminum tube with an aspect ratio ( Ω = 0.72) and (L/Dh≈40) for both calming andtest sections). A wide range of Reynolds number from 859 to 2024 has been covered, and heatflux has been varied from 159 W/m2 to 812 W/m2 (these values of heat flux and Reynoldsnumber gave Richardson number range from 0.03 to 0.٣٨), with angles of annulus inclinationφ =0o (horizontal position), φ =60o (inclined position), and φ =90o (vertical position). The hydrodynamically fully developed condition has been achieved by using aluminum annulus(calming section) has the same dimensions as test section and has connected with it by Teflonpiece. The average Nusselt numbers have been correlated with the product of (Richardsonnumber and Reynolds number) and compared with available literature and showed satisfactoryagreement. The temperature and local Nusselt number profiles results have revealed that thesecondary flows created by natural convection have a significant effect on the heat transferprocess.
MODIFIED TRAINING METHOD FOR FEEDFORWARD NEURAL NETWORKS AND ITS APPLICATION in 4-LINK SCARA ROBOT IDENTIFICATION
Authors: Shiltagh Nadia A. , Ismail Kais Said
Published: February 2024

In this research the results of applying Artificial Neural Networks with modified activation function toperform the online and offline identification of four Degrees of Freedom (4-DOF) Selective ComplianceAssembly Robot Arm (SCARA) manipulator robot will be described. The proposed model ofidentification strategy consists of a feed-forward neural network with a modified activation function thatoperates in parallel with the SCARA robot model. Feed-Forward Neural Networks (FFNN) which havebeen trained online and offline have been used, without requiring any previous knowledge about thesystem to be identified. The activation function that is used in the hidden layer in FFNN is a modifiedversion of the wavelet function. This approach has been performed very successfully, with better resultsobtained with the FFNN with modified wavelet activation function (FFMW) when compared with classicFFNN with Sigmoid activation function (FFS) .One can notice from the simulation that the FFMW can becapable of identifying the 4-Links of SCARA robot more efficiently than the classic FFS.
التوجهات التكنولوجية الحديثة وتصميم محطات المطارات المعاصرة
Authors: شاهين بهجت رشاد , عبد الكريم دنيا جمعة
Published: February 2024

لا يخفى دور التكنولوجيا في تصميم محطات المطارات الحديثة والمعاصرة منها، فقد شهد النصف الثاني للقرن العشرين عدداغير قليل من المطارات تمثل فيها التكنولوجيا استعارة مجازية لثقافة العصر تؤثر على آلية التفكير والتصميم والانتاج معا. يهدفالبحث الى تحديد وتمييز هذه التوجهات وطبيعة تطبيقاتها في محطات المطارات المعاصرة .حيث لم يعد تصميم محطات المطارات_ والتي تعد احدى اهم انواع الابنية المتخصصة_ يعتمد على افكار تلبية الاداء الوظيفي اوطروحات الشكل كعمليات منفصلة لإنتاج هذا النمط المتحدي من المباني ذو ادائية ورمزية عاليتين. يلاحظ التوافق التام بينقضايا التصميم المختلفة لمحطات المطارات المعاصرة والتكنولوجيا الحديثة، وهذا مايميز التوجهات الجديدة لجيل المطارات، وادىالى صياغة مشكلة بحثية تتعلق بوجود نقص معرفي في تمييز دور التوجهات التكنولوجية الحديثة لمحطات المطارات المعاصرةوطبيعتها وابعاد تأثيرها على مفردات العملية التصميمية، تعامل البحث مع المشكلة باشتقاق فرضيته " توافق أسس التكنولوجياالحديثة مع القضايا التصميمية لأبنية محطات المطارات المعاصرة وتكامل منظوماتها التصميمية الرئيسية، مما انتج توجهاتجديدة متأثرة باستخدام البعد التكنولوجي كآلية للتفكير والانتاج وادوات للتعبير".
((الحلول المنشئية وجماليات الجسور المعاصرة ))
Authors: الخفاجي صبا جبار نعمة , احمد ازهار طارق
Published: February 2024

باتت الجسور في السنوات الأخيرة من أصعب الإنجازات وأكثرها دقة من حيث التصميم ، يستخدمها المارة للعبور اوللاستمتاعبالمناظر المحيطة، بعضها اكتسبت أهميتها من تاريخها العريق وبعضها من التحول الذي ادخله تشيدها الى منطقة معينة ، والبعضالأخر من التقنيات التكنولوجية العالية التي تحملها ، حيث أصبحت رمزا للتطور والتقنية التي تتمتع بها منطقة معينة، وقد ساعدتانظمتها المنشئية في تحقيق التواصل وسمحت لهذه المنشآت بالامتداد إلى مسافات شاسعة تفوق الخيال ، وقد سلط هذا الدور الذيتلعبه الجسور بشكل واسع ومتزايد الأنظار الى هذه الهياكل ، مما جعلها مميزة بالنسبة لمصمميها ومستخدميها ليس من ناحيةهندستها الإنشائية فحسب بل من ناحية هندستها المعمارية ايضا ، نتيجة هذا التميز اصبح لابد من دراسة تأثيراتها الجمالية علىمحيطاتها بشكل عام وعلى المتلقي بشكل خاص ، لذا ازدادتالدراسات المتعلقة بجماليات الجسور واعتباراتها الفنية بعد ان اصبحت حاجة ومعلما في ان واحد ضمن الفضاءات المفتوحة .وعلى المصمم التعامل مع مجموعة من العوامل البصرية طوال عملية التصميم ، ويجب اختيارها بدقة عالية لخلق قطعة فنية تليق بهذاالدور الحيوي المتزايد ، مع التأكيد على تطبيق القيود الوظيفية للتصميم .تطرق البحث الى التعريف بمفهوم الجمال في الجسور ومن ثم استعرض المفاهيم التطبيقية المتبعة عالميا المتعلقة بالموضوعوصولا الى تحديد بعض المفردات لأختبار الفرضية ، واستنتج البحث قاعدة عامة مفادها انه لا يمكن فصل المستوى الجمالي عنالأنشائي في عمارة الجسور لأن الجمال وفق كل المفاهيم التطبيقية (مفهوم الشكل والتشكيل المعماري والمفهوم الأنشائي والفني )
الفضاء المعماري في مملكة الحيرة والحكم الساساني أنذاك
Authors: رزوقي غادة موسى , حسن شذى عباس
Published: February 2024

شهدت العمارة الرافدينية منذ بداياتها الاولى في حضارات وادي الرافدين المتعاقبة مرورا بالحضارة الاسلامية وحتى مطلعالقرن العشرين سلسلة من الطرز المعمارية المتعددة خصها الباحثون والاثاريون والمؤرخون بدراسات وفيرة سواء علىمستوى الحقب التاريخية او على مستوى الانماط الوظيفية او الطرز المعمارية وحتى على مستوى العناصر المكونة لتلكالطرز.لكن يمكن تشخيص المشكلة البحثية محدودية في الدراسات التي ترصد العمارة الرافدينية خلال مملكة الحيرة والحكم الساسانيالمواكب لها.لذا يهدف البحث الى توثيق وتحليل العمارة الرافدينية في مملكة الحيرة والمدن التي ظهرت في نفس الحقبة التاريخية وعلىمستوى١- التشكيل الفضائي٢- العلاقات الفضائية٣- العناصر المعمارية٤- المعالجات التفصيلية.يعتمد البحث الدمج بين المنهج الوصفي والمنهج التحليلي المقارن في تقصي عمارة المرحلة وتحليلها على المستويات الاربعةالمكونة للفضاء المعماري انفة الذكر، ومن ثم بدأ البحث بالتقصي عن بدء ظهور المفردات المعمارية والتغيرات الحاصلة فيهاواختفاء مفردات وظهور اخرى مع جداول تحليلية توضح الحقب وانواع الابنية ووظائفها.وتوصل البحث الى استنتاج يخص كل مكون من مكونات الفضاء على مستوى التشكيل الفضائي، العلاقات الفضائية، العناصرالمعمارية، المعالجات التفصيلية.وشخص البحث تواصل كل من تلك المفردات مع مفردات واساليب معالجات العمارة الرافدينية القديمة وكما سيرد توضيح ذلكفي الاستنتاجات النهائية للبحث.
تقليل كمية الحرارة المنتقلة من سقف المبنى المعرض للبيئة باستخدام تقنية المسطحات الخضراء أو المائية (دراسة تجريبية)
Authors: حسن عاطف علي
Published: February 2024

يهدف البحث الى دراسة السلوك (الأداء) الحراري للمبنى المشيد مسبقًا بعد تغطية سقفه المعرض للظروف الخارجية.( بالمسطحات الخضراء (استخدام تراب بسمك 50 ملم لزراعة الثيل الامريكي مع الرش بالماء بمعدل 0.0004 لتر/ثانية/م ٢3) م ، تقع في الطابق الثالث لمبنى في مدينة بغداد (خط عرض 33.2 درجة x 4.5 x لذلك تم تشييد غرفة أبعادها ( 4.5شما ً لا) مع استخدام عازل حراري نوع الستايربور سمك 200 ملم لتغطية الجدران والأرضية من الداخل لتقليل التسربالحراري وتم تزويد الغرفة بمكيفة هواء سعة 1 طن تبريد لتوفير الظروف الحرارية القياسية، وتم قياس درجات الحرارةللسطح الخارجي والداخلي لسقف المبنى ودرجة حرارة الظل من الساعة 5:00 صباحًا الى 10:30 مساءًا ( 18 ساعة/يوم). وخلال أشهر الصيف (الشهر الخامس (ايار) ولغاية الشهر التاسع (أيلول))/ 2009تبين من خلال البحث أن استخدام المسطحات الخضراء ستوفر طاقة كهربائية تعادل ٥٣ % مما يستهلكه السقفالاعتيادي (بدون تغطية) بينما استخدام المسطحات المائية سيوفر ٣٨,٠ % مما يستهلكه السقف الاعتيادي وخلال فترة الصيف.
THE STATIC ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE AIRCRAFT WINGBOX STRUCTURE
Authors: Ali Ahmed A. , Farhood Azhar K.
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the static analysis for finding the best location of boxes inside the composite wing-box structure has been performed. A software ANSYS (ver.11) was used to analyses the Aluminum wing to find the maximum stresses reached in. These results are used as a base for the composite wingbox to find the numbers of layers and location of the box beam and its dimensions so that the composite wingbox may carry the same loading conditions in the Aluminum wing. Analysis showed that a composite wingbox having two boxes is better than the single or triple boxes wing based on stress to weight ratio. Mass saving of (40%) had been achieved when composite wing-box is used instead of Aluminum wing.
MECHANISTIC EVALUATION OF LIME-MODIFIED ASPHALT CONCRETE MIXTURES
Authors: Albayati Amjad H.
Published: February 2024

Frequently, Load associated mode of failure (rutting and fatigue) as well as, occasionally, moisture damage in some sections poorly drained are the main failure types found in some of the newly constructed road within Baghdad as well as other cities in Iraq. The use of hydrated lime in pavement construction could be one of the possible steps taken in the direction of improving pavement performance and meeting the required standards. In this study, the mechanistic properties of asphalt concrete mixes modified with hydrated lime as a partial replacement of limestone dust mineral filler were evaluated. Seven replacement rates were used; 0,0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 percent by weight of aggregate. Asphalt concrete mixes were prepared at their optimum asphalt content and then tested to evaluate their engineering properties which include moisture damage, resilient modulus, permanent deformation and fatigue characteristics. These properties have been evaluated using indirect tensile strength, uniaxial repeated loading and repeated flexural beam tests. Mixes modified with hydrated lime were found to have improved fatigue and permanent deformation characteristics, also showed lower moisture susceptibility and high resilient modulus. The use of 2 percent hydrated lime as a partial replacement of mineral filler has added to local knowledge the ability to produce more durable asphalt concrete mixtures with better serviceability.
BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOOTING ON SOFT CLAY IMPROVED BY COMPACTED FLY ASH
Authors: Al-Mosawe Mosa J. Aziz , Albusoda Bushra S. , Yaseen Azhar S.
Published: February 2024

Low bearing capacity of weak soil under shallow footings represents one of construction problems.Kaolin with water content converges to liquid limit used to represent the weak soil under shallowfooting prototype. On the other hand, fly ash, which can be defined as undesirable industrial wastematerial, was used to improve the bearing capacity of the soft soil considered in this research. The softsoil was prepared in steel box (36×36×25) cm and shallow square footing prototype (6×6) cm wereused .Group of physical and chemical tests were conducted on kaolin and fly ash. The soft soil wasimproved by a bed of compacted fly ash placed under the footing with dimensions equal to that offooting but with different depth ratios. The results show that there is a noticeable improvement in thebehavior of footing when improved by compacted fly ash. The improvement showed a decrease insettlement and increase in bearing capacity. The improvement ratio in bearing capacity was calculatedby comparing the ultimate bearing capacity value when testing the kaolin alone with its value of kaolinimproved with compacted fly ash at the same value of eccentricity. It is important to note thateccentricity values were chosen according to the rule of middle third of footing base(i.e.,e≤B/6). Theimprovement ratio was about (130%) in average value, that represent a good ratio of improvement
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF METHANOL-DIESEL BLENDS IN CI ENGINES
Authors: Abaas Khalil Ibrahim
Published: February 2024

Owing to the energy crisis and pollution problems of today, investigations have concentrated ondecreasing fuel consumption and on lowering the concentration of toxic components in combustionproducts by using non-petroleum, renewable, sustainable and non-polluting fuels. While conventional energy sources such as natural gas, oil and coal are non-renewable, alcohol can be coupled to renewable and sustainable energy sources.In this study, the combustion characteristics of diesel fuel and methanol blends were compared.The tests were performed at steady state conditions in a four-cylinder DI diesel engine at full load at1500-rpm engine speed. The experimental results showed that diesel methanol blends provided12.7% increase in brake-specific fuel consumption due to its lower heating value. The results indicated that methanol may be blended with diesel fuel to be used without any modification on the engine.
EFFECT OF TOOL SHOULDER DIAMETER ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 1200 ALUMINUM FRICTION STIR SPOT WELDING
Authors: Takhakh Ayad M. , AL-Jodi Samer J. , Al-khateeb Mohamed A.
Published: February 2024

A friction stir spot welding (FSSW) process is an emerging solid state joining process in which the material that is being welded does not melt. In this investigation an attempt has been made to understand the effect of tool shoulder diameter on the mechanical properties of the joint. For this purpose four welding tools diameter (10,13, 16 and 19) mm at constant preheating time and plunging time were used to carryout welding process. Effect of tool diameter on mechanical properties of welded joints was investigated using shear stress test and Microhardness of joint which welded was studied. Based on the stir welding experiments conducted in this study the results show that aluminum alloy (1200) can be welded using (FSSW) process with maximum welding efficiency (80%) shear strength using tool diameter(19mm) with rotation speed (900rpm).
FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF NOTCHED COMPOSITE LAMINATED CANTILEVER BEAMS
Authors: Ouyed Ahmed N.
Published: February 2024

The present work divided into two parts, first the experimental side which included themeasuring of the first natural frequency for the notched and unnotched cantilever composite beamswhich consisted of four symmetrical layers and made of Kevlar- epoxy reinforced. A numericalstudy covers the effect of notches on the natural frequencies of the same specimen used in theexperimental part. The mathematical model for the beam contains two open edges on the uppersurface. The effect of the location of cracks relative to the restricted end, depth of cracks, volumefraction of fibers and orientation of the fiber on the natural frequencies are explored. The resultswere calculated using the known engineering program (ANSYS), the results obtained has beencompared with those calculated analytically by (Sierakowski RL.), which have expressed the closestwell also the comparison between the experimental results with that calculated by (ANSYS) hasvery well. The study shows that the highest difference in frequencies occur when the value of thefiber orientation equal to 0odegree, the effect of location of the cracks decrease when the cracksmoving toward the free end and also shows that an increase of the depth of the cracks leads to adecrease in the values of natural frequencies.
Effect of Steering Wheel Vibration on drivers Hands in a Two-Wheel Drivers Hand tractor
Authors: Hamid Ahmed Abd Ali , Abdullah Mudhfer Kareem , Ali Ahmed Abdul Hussein , Fahem Ali Fahad
Published: February 2024

The paper presents research results of the vibration transmitted from the steering wheel of thetractor with a 2-wheel drive to the driver’s hands. The vibration measurements were carried out on thetractor randomly chosen from the collage of agriculture / university of Baghdad. Before testing thetractor was examined and adjusted following the producer’s recommendations. The vibration levelswere measured during the operation tillage at idling and at full load .The field was 3١٫٧ m above levelsea. Soil was treated at soil constant moisture (1٧-20 %) with depth of plowing (١٧ cm). Duringoperation the weather temperature was measured (15 C) and humidity was ( 27 % ) The vibration levelon the steering wheel was measured and analyzed .The frequency-weighted acceleration(RMS) , givenin m/ sec2 , was calculated. The vibration total value was defined as the root-mean-square of the threecomponent value.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL CONVECTION RADIATION AND MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC IN VERTICAL POROUS CYLINDRICAL CHANNEL
Authors: AL-Hafidh Manal H. , Mohammed Hayder I.
Published: February 2024

A numerical study has been carried out to investigate heat transfer by natural convection and radiation under the effect of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) for steady state axisymmetric twodimensional laminar flow in a vertical cylindrical channel filled with saturated porous media. Heat is generated uniformly along the center of the channel with its vertical surface remain with cooled constant wall temperature and insulated horizontal top and bottom surfaces. The governing equations which used are continuity, momentum and energy equations which are transformed to dimensionless equations. The finite difference approach is used to obtain all the computational results using the MATLAB-7 programming. The parameters affected on the system are Rayleigh number ranging within (102 ≤Ra≤104), radiation parameter (0 ≤Rd≤2) and MHD (Mn) (0 ≤Mn≤2). The results obtained are presented graphically in the form of streamline and isotherm contour plots and the results show that heat transfer enhanced by radiation effect but decrease with the increase of magnetohydrodynamic. A correlation has been set up to give the average Nusselt number variation with Ra, Rd and Mn for which the results are found to be in good agreement with previously published researches which give maximum deviation of 3.73% when compared with the results of (Prasad, 1989).
SIMULATION OF FLIGHT THROUGH GUST
Authors: Kadhum Kareem Jawad
Published: February 2024

A flight simulation programme has been developed on a personal computer using MicrosoftFORTRAN to simulate flight trajectories of a light aircraft by using Six-Degree-of-Freedomequation of motion. The simulation has been made realistic through pre-programmed the input tothe control surfaces, atmospheric gust during the flight mode. The programme plays an importantrole in the evaluation and validation of the aircraft design process. A light aircraft (Cessna 182T)has been tested through free flight, gliding flight, flight with gust. The results show good trend andshow that the programme could be dependent as a realistic flight test programme.
سيناريوهات مستقبل المدينة
Authors: العاني محمد قاسم , رشاد بهجت
Published: February 2024

In order to determine The Identity of Future Cities, the architecture does not provide us with one of the most basic needs (shelter), but also tangible evidence of the past and present as part of the communication, and best is an indicator of the future. Most of the  narratives of the transformations of urban in twenty one century agreed that the city changed from an industrial society, the dominant over the previous century, to a pattern dominated by knowledge,information and communications, especially those that are remote and penetrated into the urban fabric, which produced the perceptions about the nature of identity, urban cities of the future, focusing Alternative research efforts of the city's future on the role of modern communications, transportation, and the structure of intelligence in the formation of new cities and an end to the old cities, this is one of the main problems faced by our cities, including present day Baghdad specifically. This study aims to provide schematic design study of what should be the city of Baghdad as an Arab Islamic future and determine its dimensions and the strategic requirements. The city is formed according to the current strategy, based on traditional concepts, the research indicates that this method of urban planning today, witnessed by the city did not meet the requirements of the city of tomorrow based on physical, social, religious, economic, fundamentals. Different human activities are concerned with production and use of information and knowledge in the development of an  influential architectural style and structures that underliy the functions of urban lifestyles and social groups. The research suggests reconsideration of strategic plans on which the cities (including schemes of Developed Baghdad), which aspires to be humanitarian cities present the new and the coming future. Through the adoption of strategic schemes steming from the   Islamic thought, dynamism is poised to accommodate future multi scenarios.
Statistical Quality Control of Industrial Products at the General Company for Vegetable Oils
Authors: عمران سلمان حسين
Published: February 2024

This research includes the using of statistical to improve the quality of can plastics which is produced at the state company for Vegetable oils (Almaamon factory ) by using the percentage defective control chart ( p-chart ) of a fixed sample. A sample of size (450) cans daily for (30) days was selected to determine the rejected product . Operations research with a (win QSB ) package for ( p-chart ) was used to determine test quality level required for product specification to justify that the process that is statistically controlled.The results show high degree of accuracy by using the program and the mathematical operations (primary and secondary ) which used to draw the control limits charts and to reject the statistically uncontrolled samples . Moreover a final chart was drawn to be used in the factory .The research shows improvement of the can product by percentage (0.06 % ), product defects percentage was lowered from ( 0.53 % to 0.47 % ) for the production process which becomes statistically controlled .Also it was found that it was within Iraqi specification (1093).
Pelaksanaan Tradisi Bu’sobu’ Dalam Prosesi Akad Nikah Di Desa Klampar Kecamatan Proppo Kabupaten Pamekasan
Authors: Sufyan Akhmad Farid Mawardi , Ulfatul Hasanah Durriyah , Wusqo Urwatul , Amin Moh. Badruddin
Published: February 2024

Salah satu tradisi kebiasaan dalam pernikahan di Desa Klampar Kecamatan Proppo Kabupaten Pamekasan yang juga terdapat pada sebagian masyarakat Madura adalah tradisi pemasangan bu’sobu’ pada proses pernikahan mempelai wanita saat dalam pesta atupun walimah. Banyak masyarakat penganut agama Islam berkeyakinan bahwa acara tradisi bu’sobu’ tersebut merupakan hal biasa bahkan dianggap sebagai bagian daripada kegiatan keagamaan. Hal ini menimbulkan sekelumit pertanyaan bagaimana tradisi bu’sobu’ pada akad nikah dalam perspektif hukum Islam. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan penelitian lapangan disertai upaya menggali hakikat eksistensi tradisi bu’sobu’ berdasarkan wawancara dan lainnya. Di akhir pemaparan, disimpulkan bahwa tradisi bu’sobu’ ini mendapat dua kesimpulan antara boleh dilakukan dan tidak. (One of the customary traditions at weddings in Klampar Village, Proppo District, Pamekasan Regency, which is also found in some Madurese people, is the tradition of installing bu'sobu' at the bride's wedding at a party or walimah. Many people who adhere to the Islamic religion believe that the bu'sobu' tradition event is normal and even considered as part of religious activities. This raises a bit of a question about the bu'sobu' tradition in the marriage contract from the perspective of Islamic law. This study was conducted using field research along with efforts to explore the nature of the existence of the bu'sobu' tradition based on interviews and others. At the end of the presentation, it was concluded that this bu'sobu' tradition had two conclusions between it being permissible and not.)
Tinjuan Hukum Tentang Putusan Verstek Dan Upaya Hukumnya Dalam Perkara Cerai Di Pengadilan Agama
Authors: Suryantoro Dwi Dasa , Rofiq Ainur
Published: February 2024

Putusan verstek diputusakan oleh Hakim apabila tergugat setelah dipanggil secara sah tidak hadir sejak hari pertama di persidangan, atau tidak menyuruh hadir diwakili oleh kuasanya dan tidak ada pemberitahuannya kepada pengadilan, bahwa ia tidak dapat menghadiri sidang karena suatu alasan yang dibenarkan oleh undang-undang. Jadi putusan verstek adalah suatu putusan yang diambil diluar hadirnya tergugat Verzet adalah perlawanan terhadap verstek yang telah dijatuhkan oleh Pengadilan tingkat pertama, yang diajukan oleh Tergugat dengan diputus verstek, dalam waktu tertentu dan diajukan ke Pengadilan tingkat pertama yang memutus putusan verstek tergugat. Perlawanan merupakan satu kesatuan yang tidak terpisah dengan gugatan semula. Oleh karena itu, perlawanan bukan gugatan atau perkara baru, akan tetapi tiada lain merupakan bantahan yang ditujukan kepada ketidakbenaran dalil gugatan, dengan alasan putusan verstek yang dijatuhkan, keliru dan tidak benar. Sehubungan dengan itu, putusan MA No.307K Sip 1975 memperingatkan, bahwa verzet terhadap verstek tidak boleh diperiksa dan diputus sebagai perkara baru.
Makna Nushuz Bagi Istri di Era Digital
Authors: Jannah Shofi Al
Published: February 2024

Meningkatnya angka perceraian sebagian besar dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan teknologi, termasuk media sosial, yang digunakan dengan cara yang dapat menyebabkan istri melakukan perilaku nusyuz. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merekonstruksi nushuz istri di era digital, sebuah konsep yang biasa dikenal dengan istri yang keluar rumah tanpa izin suami. Sebagai penelitian normatif, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan konseptual. Studi ini mengumpulkan data dengan menggunakan studi dokumentasi atau studi pustaka, dan menganalisis data dengan membaca, memeriksa, menghubungkan, dan menafsirkan data, kemudian menguraikan data secara deskriptif. Temuan mengungkapkan bahwa media sosial telah digunakan sebagai platform untuk menunjukkan kepada publik kecantikan wanita, mengungkapkan aurat mereka (bagian intim), menyebarkan gosip, berbagi perilaku perselingkuhan, dan banyak lagi yang melanggar norma-norma agama dan universal, kolektif, individu, nilai-nilai lokal dan tradisional juga. Idealnya, semua ini harus dirahasiakan di rumah, karena rumah itu sendiri adalah tempat untuk melindungi apa pun yang ada di dalamnya. Hilangnya batas-batas kesopanan dan aturan pergaulan antara laki-laki dan perempuan sebagai konsekuensi dari aktivitas di media sosial telah membuat nushuz istri tidak relevan untuk diartikan secara sederhana sebagai istri meninggalkan rumah tanpa izin suami. Makna rumah dalam arti fisik dan media sosial harus sama dalam konteks rumah tangga. Nushuz harus dimaknai dalam perspektif yang lebih luas mengikuti perkembangan teknologi modern yang semakin meningkat.
Ratio legis Dan Ratio Decidendi Dispensasi Kawin (Studi Putusan Dispensasi Kawin di Pengadilan Agama Pamekasan)
Authors: Rahman Habib
Published: February 2024

Ratio legis tentang pemberian despensasi kawin dalam undang-undang perkawinan merupakan suatu pengecualian hukum untuk keadaan yang mendesak atau darurat sehingga anak yang masih belum mencapai batas minimal kawin dapat melangsungkan perkawinan dengan cara pengajuan permohonan dispensasi kawin. hal ini merupakan upaya negara memberikan suatu kepastian hukum dalam perkawinan anak dibawah umur, dan ratio decidendi putusan hakim Pengadilan Agama Pamekasan tentang dispensasi kawin dengan kepastian hukum anak dibawah umur yang hendak melangsungkan perkawinan. Ratio decidendi dalam penetapan dispensasi kawin tersebut sejalan dengan tujuan perkawinan. Sehingga kemanfaatan menjaga anak agar tidak terjerumus terhadap larangan agama serta tidak terjerumus terhadap pelanggaran ketentuan undang-undang yang berlaku, hal ini merupakan parameter hakim dalam mengabulkan dispensasi kawin anak dibawah umur yang masih belum mencapai batas minimal kawin yaitu 19 tahun. serta juga merupakan upaya hakim memberikan kepentingan terbaik bagi si anak berupa hak asasi yang melekat pada anak
Struggles and Strategies in Understanding Information Visualizations
Authors: Rezaie Maryam , Tory Melanie , Carpendale Sheelagh
Published: February 2024

While the visualization community is increasingly aware that people often find visualizations difficult to understand, there is less information about what we need to do to create comprehensible visualizations. To help visualization creators and designers improve their visualizations, we need to better understand what kind of support people are looking for in their sensemaking process. Empirical studies are needed to tease apart the details of what makes the process of understanding difficult for visualization viewers. We conducted a qualitative study with 14 participants, observing them as they described how they were trying to make sense of 20 information visualizations. We identified the challenges participants faced throughout their sensemaking process and the strategies they employed to help themselves in overcoming the challenges. Our findings show how details and nuances within visualizations can impact comprehensibility and offer research suggestions to help us move toward more understandable visualizations.
Structures of (m,n)-seminearring
Authors: Liedokto Muhsang Sudadama Lieko
Published: February 2024

This article introduces the (m,n)-seminearring structure, which is a generalization of (m,n)-semiring. This research aims to develop theories of (m,n)-seminearring. In particular, the concepts of (m,n)-seminearring, (m,n)- subseminearring, (m,n)-ideal, (m,n)-seminearring with unity, homomorphism of (m,n)-seminearrings, construction of factor (m,n)-seminearring of (m,n)- seminearring by congruence relation, and some of its exciting properties are given. The method used in this study is to adopt the theory in (m,n)-semiring.
(IM)PERFECTIVIDADE, ACIONALIDADE E ENSINO: USANDO NOÇÕES DA SEMÂNTICA FORMAL NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Azevedo de Souza Érica
Published: February 2024

This research report aims to describe the semantics of past tense inflection in Brazilian Portuguese and its relationship with the concept of (a)telicity and duration. The research is based on the theory of Formal Semantics and, therefore, through an introspective methodology of data analysis and contributions from the notions of tense, grammatical aspect (Klein, 1994) and lexical aspect (Vendler, 1967), we seek shown that the combinations between the temporal-aspectual morpheme of events in the past tense of the Brazilian Portuguese indicative with the lexicon can generate interpretative differences in declarative sentences. Furthermore, three didactic proposals were created based on the methodology of active linguistic learning (Pilati, 2017) as a suggestion for approaching the subjects discussed by the theory presented in basic education.
Social Cognition and Functional Connectivity in Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis
Authors: Rutherford Saige , Lasagna Carly A , Blain Scott D. , Marquand Andre F. , Wolfers Thomas , Tso Ivy Fei
Published: February 2024

Individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) experience pervasive, treatment-resistant impairments in social cognition that contribute to poor functional outcomes. However, the mechanisms of social cognitive dysfunction in SZ remain poorly understood, which impedes the design of novel interventions to improve outcomes. This pre-registered project examines the representation of social functioning in the brain’s functional architecture across early psychosis (EP) and SZ. The study contains two parts: a confirmatory and an exploratory portion. In the confirmatory portion, we identified specific resting-state brain connectivity disruptions evident in EP and SZ. We performed a seed-based connectivity analysis using brain regions associated with social cognitive dysfunction in SZ (based on a published review) to test whether aberrant functional connectivity observed in SZ was also present in EP. In the exploratory portion, we assessed the out-of-sample generalizability and precision of resting state connectivity-based predictive models of social cognition. We used machine learning to predict social cognition from whole-brain connectomes and established the generalizability of these brain-behavior relationships with out-of-sample testing and cross-validation (to handle confounding variables). Results reveal significant decreases between the left inferior frontal gyrus and intraparietal sulcus that were evident in SZ but not EP. This connectivity profile is significantly associated with social cognition/functioning in both SZ and EP. Null predictive modeling results reveal the importance of out-of-sample evaluation, proper null hypothesis testing, and confound removal procedures. Overall, this work provides insights into the brain's functional architecture in SZ and EP. This work suggests that IFG-IPS connectivity profiles could be an important prognostic biomarker of social impairments and may be a target for future interventions focused on improved treatment outcomes related to social functioning.
Reducing gender gap in self-assessment using feedback and information. A lab-in-the-field experiment in Colombia. (Experiment 1)
Authors: Del Carpio Pedro Gustavo , Villa David , Pizan Katherine
Published: February 2024

The present study sought to evaluate the effect of three behavioral science-based treatments (Message, Feedback and the combination of both) on: 1) the differences between self-assessments and actual performance and 2) levels of confidence in future career. The results show a reduction in the gaps between self-assessments and actual performance from the nudges assessed. Additionally, the study revealed that women present lower confidence in the future within the context of the experiment, and that the effect of the treatments varies according to gender.
El entorno personológico del comportamiento y su influencia en el rendimiento deportivo en el competidor de taekwondo
Authors: Soto Juana Elena Fernández , Martínez Carlos Andrés Pedroso , Blanco Benjamin Blass Thorfe
Published: February 2024

Currently, the work of the sports psychologist is in growing demand, nationally and internationally, due to the implications of the psychological preparation of the athlete in achieving superior performance. The investigations that have been carried out with the male and female high-performance Taekwondo youth team, with a population made up of 18 athletes, allowed studying and characterizing the complex psychological training of sports self-assessment, based on the analysis-synthesis methods, the Holmes, the completion of phrases variant composition and interviews, therefore, the intention of this article is aimed at offering psychologists and coaches a material that allows them to project their pedagogical and psychological work to the development of sports self-assessment and influence the formation of the personality of the athlete with the mental strength to face the challenges of training and the different competitions, self-confident.
Current Practice of Internal and External Dental Whitening: Epidemiological Study Among Dentists in Morocco (Part II: External Whitening)
Authors: Sofia Drouri , Amine Benichou , Othmane Boujdila , Zineb Al jalil , Malika Karami
Published: February 2024

Aim: To find out which whitening techniques and products are currently used by dentists in two cities, Marrakech and Khouribga-Morocco. Methods: Study type: Descriptive cross-sectional survey; Study population: 347 dentists practicing in the private sector, including 276 dentists in Marrakech and 71 in Khouribga; Study design: a questionnaire was drawn up to collect the data required for the study; Statistical analysis: data were analyzed using SPSS software at the FMDC Community Health Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Results: 205 responses out of 347 questionnaires distributed. External whitening was most widely used in Khouribga, and internal whitening most widely used in Marrakech; 35.7% of dentists used hydrogen peroxide at 35% as an internal whitening product; 35.9% of dentists used carbamide peroxide at 15% as an at-home bleaching product; 67% of dentists made casts with reservoirs; 66% of dentists used 35% hydrogen peroxide in the dental office; 81.2% of practitioners used the light activation as a means of activation, while 37% used the whitening product for 30 minutes with the light activation. Conclusion: Dentists in Khouribga and Marrakech frequently employ the oldest high concentration whitening procedures. It is imperative that dentists in these two cities receive ongoing training. It must be regular, demanding and of high quality, as the therapeutics of each dyschromia and the specificities of internal and external bleaching protocols call for up-to-date knowledge.
Advancing Translational Research: Humanized Rodent Models Integrating Full-Thickness Human Skin and Autologous Immune Cells
Authors: Jensen Aleksander
Published: February 2024

This research article investigates the frontier of translational research, unveiling an innovative paradigm in the form of humanized mouse and rat models. Integrating full-thickness human skin and autologous immune cells, this approach holds tremendous potential to elevate the translational relevance of preclinical studies, providing a more faithful representation of human biology. We delve into the methodology, applications, challenges, and future directions of these advanced models, elucidating their transformative impact on biomedical research.
Current Practice of Internal and External Dental Whitening: Epidemiological Study Among Dentists in Morocco (Part I: Internal whitening)
Authors: Malika Karami , Amine Benichou , Othmane Boujdila , Zineb Al jalil , Sofia Drouri
Published: February 2024

Aim: To find out which whitening techniques and products are currently used by dentists in two cities, Marrakech and Khouribga-Morocco. Methods: Study type: Descriptive cross-sectional survey; Study population: 347 dentists practicing in the private sector, including 276 dentists in Marrakech and 71 in Khouribga; Study design: a questionnaire was drawn up to collect the data required for the study; Statistical analysis: data were analyzed using SPSS software at the FMDC Community Health Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Results: 205 responses out of 347 questionnaires distributed; External whitening was most widely used in Khouribga, and internal whitening most widely used in Marrakech; 35.7% of dentists used hydrogen peroxide at 35% as an internal whitening product; 35.9% of dentists used carbamide peroxide at 15% as an ambulatory whitening product; 67% of dentists made casts with reservoirs; 66% of dentists used 35% hydrogen peroxide for chairside whitening; 81.2% of practitioners used the lamp as a means of activation, while 37% used the whitening product for 30 minutes with the lamp. Conclusion: Dentists in Khouribga and Marrakech frequently employ the oldest high concentration whitening procedures. It is imperative that dentists in these two cities receive ongoing training. It must be regular, demanding and of high quality, as the therapeutics of each dyschromia and the specificities of internal and external bleaching protocols call for up-to-date knowledge.
Systematic Review on the Current Situation and Development of Local Antimicrobial Agents in Revision Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI)
Authors: Jama Mohamed Abdullahi , Cao Li , Li Yichen , Ji B
Published: February 2024

Total joint arthroplasty is a common surgery to treat degenerative joint disease, and it significantly improves the lives of people suffering from conditions such as osteoarthritis. Moreover, it is very essential to know that the fact that the level of joint replacement surgery is discouraged by complications, therefore making the periprosthetic infection (PJI) to become a critical issue. As such PJI is full of significant negative results in a current pain, implant failure, and also as a systemic infection. Basically, the complex origin of PJI is usually involved in the formation of biofilms (protective communities of bacteria) which become resistant to the standard treatments. This capability to resist is able to highlight the urgency to look more into new strategies so as to particularly disrupt and to be able to prevent biofilm formation. In addition to that Topical antimicrobials that generally range from intraarticular antibiotic infusions and antibiotic-filled spacers, have therefore become the focus of this effort. In addition to this, the drugs are able to target the infection site directly, that probably leads to the minimization of systemic exposure and therefore increasing effectiveness of the treatment. Therefore, the knowledge of this challenges, this specific systematic review tends to aim so as to assess the current state and as well as advancements in local antimicrobial agents for the management of PJI. Moreover, by involving mechanisms, consideration of safety, in addition to its effectiveness, the review is able to give out insights that may shape more effective clinical approaches so as to fight Periprosthetic Joint Infection.
Australian Men’s Help-Seeking Pathways for Anxiety
Authors: Fisher Krista , Rice Simon , Wilson Michael , Benakovic Ruben , Olive John , Walther Andreas , Sharp Paul , Seidler Zac E.
Published: February 2024

Globally, there has been a substantial increase in the number of men being diagnosed with anxiety disorders. Despite this, men’s mental health research often focusses on uncovering why men don’t, rather than why they do, seek help. Within this context, men’s help-seeking pathways for anxiety are poorly understood. This study mapped the help-seeking pathways of 419 Australian-based men for anxiety. Respondents 16 to 77 years-old (M = 40.92 years, SD = 15.36) reported multiple instances of help-seeking (n=321, 77%) elaborating on their drivers for help-seeking via an open-text qualitative survey. Thematic analysis of men’s responses was used to generate three themes, first detailing common tipping points of men’s anxiety (namely relationship issues and work stress), and second, the reclusive causes and consequences of men’s anxiety (burdensome symptoms and unmet expectations). These two themes converged into a third theme of help-seeking where defeatist (i.e., resigned abandonment self-management strategies) or defiant (proactive motivation in reaction to new events) motivations propelled men into either assisted or solitary help-seeking pathways The current study findings afford important insights about the drivers that lead men to seek help for anxiety across the life course. Interventions targeting men’s help-seeking for anxiety should accentuate the potential benefits of community-based mental health treatment within the context of men’s social connectedness. Such interventions would also benefit from leveraging positive masculine ideals including strength, emotional-control and competition which can be both a barrier to, and driver for, help-seeking in the context of men’s anxiety.