bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circadian variations in the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and urinary excretion of nifedipine after a single oral administration to rats
Authors: Cao Qing‐Ri , Kim Tae‐Wan , Choi Jun Shik , Lee Beom‐Jin
Published: October 2005

Circadian variations in the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and urinary excretion of nifedipine were examined in fasted rats after administering a single oral dose at three different dosing times (08:00 am, 16:00 pm, 00:00 am). The plasma concentrations, the areas under the plasma concentration‐time curve from zero to 6 h (AUC0–6 h) and the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) were significantly higher in the rats dosed at 08:00 am (immediately inactive), and was lower at 16:00 pm (most inactive) and 00:00 am (most active). The time to reach the Cmax (Tmax) was the shortest in the rats dosed at 08:00 am. It was very interesting to observe the double peak phenomena in the plasma concentration profiles, showing a larger peak followed by a smaller peak. There was a dosing time dependency on the tissue distribution 30 min after administration, showing a similar tendency to the pharmacokinetic behavior. However, there was no distinct dosing time dependency observed at 2 h after administration due to the extensive disposition. The cumulative urine excretion of nifedipine in the rats dosed at 08:00 am was significantly higher (about two‐fold) than in those dosed at 16:00 pm and 00:00 am. The pharmacokinetics of nifedipine in the rats was consistent with that observed in human subjects in terms of the day–night clock time but the biological time was the opposite, as marked by the rest–activity cycles. These results may help to explain the circadian time‐dependency of nifedipine pharmacokinetics. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zinc as an insulin replacement in hybridoma cultures
Authors: Wong Victor V.T. , Nissom Peter M. , Sim Siow‐Leng , Yeo Jessna H.M. , Chuah Song‐Hui , Yap Miranda G.S.
Published: October 2005

There are many advantages to the use of protein‐free media for biologics production, including a reduced risk of viral contamination from animal‐derived proteins and simplification of downstream purification. In the course of developing protein‐free media for hybridoma and myeloma cells, zinc was found to be an effective replacement for insulin, with no negative impact on viable cell density and antibody production. Transcript profiling using DNA microarrays indicated no major change in the global expression profile between the insulin and zinc‐supplemented cultures, which is consistent with their similar growth and metabolic characteristics. Both DNA microarray and quantitative RT‐PCR analysis showed increase in insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1) expression in zinc‐supplemented cultures, while several key genes downstream of Irs1 in the insulin‐signaling pathway, such as protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and 3‐phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1 (Pdpk1) did not show significant differences at the transcript level. Comparison of transcript profiles from cultures with low versus optimal zinc supplementation implicated the involvement of the insulin‐related genes Pax6 and Phas1. Subtle differences were also observed between insulin and zinc in the serine‐473 phosphorylation of Akt. Zinc increased serine‐473 phosphorylation of Akt, but to a lesser extent than insulin. The phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, wortmannin, totally blocked the effect of both zinc and insulin on Akt activation, indicating the involvement of PI3K in the activation of Akt by zinc, rather than zinc acting on Akt directly. Our results highlight the impact of trace metal supplementation as protein‐free media formulations move towards greater chemical definition. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thorium Encapsulated Caged Clusters of Germanium: Th@Gen, n = 16,18, and 20.
Authors: Singh Abhishek Kumar , Kumar Vijay , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Porous Inorganic Capsules in Action: Modelling Transmembrane Cation‐Transport Parameter‐Dependence Based on Water as Vehicle.
Authors: Haupt Erhard T. K. , Wontorra Claudia , Rehder Dieter , Mueller Achim
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Binding Energy and Bonding in Dialane.
Authors: Goebbert Daniel J. , Hernandez Heriberto , Francisco Joseph S. , Wenthold Paul G.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystal Structure of the Ordered Double Perovskite, Sr2NiTeO6.
Authors: Ortega‐San Martin L. , Chapman J. P. , Cuello G. , Gonzalez‐Calbet J. , Arriortua M. I. , Rojo T.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structural Chemistry and Magnetic Properties of Nd2BaLiRuO7.
Authors: Rodgers Jennifer A. , Battle Peter D. , Grey Clare P. , Sloan Jeremy
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ferroelectricity from Iron Valence Ordering in the Charge‐Frustrated System LuFe2O4.
Authors: Ikeda Naoshi , et al. et al.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of New Oxygen Ion Conductors Based on Nd4GeO8 and Nd3GaO6.
Authors: Purohit Ram Dayal , Chesnaud Anthony , Lachgar Abdessadek , Joubert Olivier , Caldes Maria Teresa , Piffard Yves , Brohan Luc
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Isothermal Section of the Y2Se3—Cu2Se—Sn(Pb)Se Systems at 870 K and Crystal Structure of the Y4.2.Pb0.7Se7 Compound.
Authors: Shemet V. Ya. , Gulay L. D. , Olekseyuk I. D.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Phase Stability, and Electrochemically Driven Transformations in the LiCuO2—Li2CuO2 System.
Authors: Prakash A. S. , Larcher D. , Morcrette M. , Hegde M. S. , Leriche J.‐B. , Masquelier C.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Combinatorial Approach to Identification of Catalysts for the Photoelectrolysis of Water.
Authors: Woodhouse Michael , Herman G. S. , Parkinson B. A.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Hollandite and Its Application in Emission Control.
Authors: Li Liyu , King David L.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Growth Behavior of Bulk GaN Single Crystals Grown with Various Flux Ratios Using Solvent‐Thermal Method.
Authors: Shin T. I. , Yoon D. H.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Organic‐Inorganic Hybid Materials Based on Molybdophosphate and Organic Polyammonium.
Authors: Jin Su‐Rong , Zhang Lian‐Meng , Liu Shi‐Zhong , Yao Li‐Feng , Hu Xue‐Lei , Zhao Wei‐Feng
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Hydrated Sodium Uranyl Oxonium Silicate.
Authors: Martin‐Gil J. , Martin‐Gil F. J. , Jose‐Yacaman M. , Carapia‐Morales L. , Falcon‐Barcenas T.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Growth of Highly Oriented Chalcocite Thin Films on Glass by Aerosol‐Assisted Spray Pyrolysis Using A New Single‐Source Copper Thiolate Precursor.
Authors: Schneider Sven , Yang Yu , Marks Tobin J.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Versatile Synthesis of Phosphine—Aminophosphine Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis.
Authors: Boaz Neil W. , Ponasik James A. Jr. , Large Shannon E.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cinchona Alkaloid Phase‐Transfer Catalysts Revisited: Influence of Substituted Aryl Groups on the Enantioselectivity of Glycine Ester Enolate Alkylation.
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Ramachandran Uma
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ammonium Phenoxides‐Catalyzed syn‐Selective Aldol Reaction Between an Aldehyde and an Trimethylsilyl Enolate.
Authors: Fujisawa Hidehiko , Nagata Yuzo , Sato Yoshinori , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Fluorination and Chlorination Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds Capable of Two‐Point Binding.
Authors: Shibata Norio , Kohno Junji , Takai Kazumi , Ishimaru Takehisa , Nakamura Shuichi , Toru Takeshi , Kanemasa Shuji
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Applications of 4,4′‐(Me3Si)2‐BINAP in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Carbon—Carbon Bond‐Forming Reactions.
Authors: Ogasawara Masamichi , Ngo Helen L. , Sakamoto Takeshi , Takahashi Tamotsu , Lin Wenbin
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Regioselective, Catalytic Asymmetric Reductive Coupling of 1,3‐Enynes and Ketones.
Authors: Miller Karen M. , Jamison Timothy F.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Amidation of Amines with Esters Catalyzed by Candida antarctica Lipase (CAL).
Authors: Yang Bo , Zhang Yanjun , Zhang Shusheng , Izumi T.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Trans Dialkoxylation of Cyclic Alkenes: A Prevost‐Type Reaction.
Authors: Schauble J. Herman , Trauffer Edward A. , Deshpande Prashant P. , Evans Robert D.
Published: October 2005

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An In‐Depth Look at the Effect of Lewis Acid Catalysts on Diels—Alder Cycloadditions in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Silvero Guadalupe , Arevalo Maria Jose , Bravo Jose Luis , Avalos Martin , Jimenez Jose Luis , Lopez Ignacio
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Intramolecular 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Geminal Difluoro Azomethine Ylides at Multiple Carbon—Carbon Bonds.
Authors: Novikov M. S. , Khlebnikov A. F. , Voznyi I. V. , Besedina O. V. , Kostikov R. R.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Oxadiazoles, Phthalazines and Indolinones.
Authors: Shetgiri N. P. , Nayak B. K.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient and Reusable PdCl2(MeCN)2/CuCl2/PEG‐400 System for Cyclization of Alkenyl β‐Keto Esters and Amides.
Authors: Li Jin‐Heng , Zhu Qi‐Ming , Liang Yun , Yang Dan
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Some Substituted Aroyl Thiosemicarbazides, ‐mercaptotriazoles and ‐aminothiadiazoles.
Authors: Saramet Ioana , Almajan Gabriela‐Laura , Barbuceanu Stefania , Draghici Constantin , Banciu Mircea D.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of New Cationic Cp*Ir N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes and Their High Catalytic Activities in the Oppenauer‐Type Oxidation of Primary and Secondary Alcohols.
Authors: Hanasaka Fumihiro , Fujita Ken‐ichi , Yamaguchi Ryohei
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
In situ Generation of o‐Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) and the Catalytic Use of It in Oxidation Reactions in the Presence of Oxone as a Co‐oxidant.
Authors: Thottumkara Arun P. , Bowsher Michael S. , Vinod Thottumkara K.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Task‐Specific Ionic Liquids as Efficient, Green and Recyclable Reagents and Solvents for Oxidation of Olefins.
Authors: Wang Zhiming , Wang Congna , Bao Weiliang , Ying Taokei
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N‐Bromophthalimide [NBPI] as a Powerful Oxidizing Agent for the Facile and Chemoselective Oxidation of Thiols to Symmetrical Disulfides.
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Manesh Abbas Amini , Rostami Amin
Published: October 2005

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A Metal Nanoparticle‐Based Supramolecular Approach for Aqueous Biphasic Reactions.
Authors: Mhadgut Shilpa C. , Palaniappan Kumaranand , Thimmaiah Muralidhara , Hackney Stephen A. , Toeroek Bela , Liu Jian
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling with Aryl Chlorides Using a Bulky Phenanthryl N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand.
Authors: Song Chun , Ma Yudao , Chai Qiang , Ma Chanqin , Jiang Wei , Andrus Merritt B.
Published: October 2005

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Trimethylsilyl Triflate Mediated New Carbon—Carbon Bond Forming Reactions Between Benzyl Diphenylphosphinates and Organosilicon Compounds.
Authors: Kobashi Yohei , Minowa Tomofumi , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile Insertion Reaction of Arynes into Carbon—Carbon σ‐Bonds.
Authors: Yoshida Hiroto , Watanabe Masahiko , Ohshita Joji , Kunai Atsutaka
Published: October 2005

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An Effective and Highly Stereoselective Julia Olefination of Cyclopropyl Carbinol Mediated by CeCl3×7H2O/NaI.
Authors: Li Wei‐Dong Z. , Peng Yu
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Ionic Liquid‐Tagged Second Generation Hoveyda—Grubbs′ Ruthenium Carbene Complex as Highly Reactive and Recyclable Catalyst for Ring‐Closing Metathesis of Di‐, Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted Dienes.
Authors: Yao Qingwei , Sheets Matthew
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Expeditious Hydroxyamidation of Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Ech‐Chahad Abdellah , Minassi Alberto , Berton Luca , Appendino Giovanni
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of Functionalized Aryl Magnesium Reagents by the Addition of Magnesium Aryl Thiolates and Amides to Arynes.
Authors: Lin Wenwei , Sapountzis Ioannis , Knochel Paul
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,6‐Addition of Aryl Zinc Reagents to Dienones.
Authors: Hayashi Tamio , Yamamoto Shohei , Tokunaga Norihito
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Direct Asymmetric Zn—Aldol Reaction of Methyl Vinyl Ketone and Its Synthetic Applications.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Shin Seunghoon , Sclafani Joseph A.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
NaOH‐Catalyzed Crossed Claisen Condensation Between Ketene Silyl Acetals and Methyl Esters.
Authors: Iida Akira , Takai Kenta , Okabayashi Tomohito , Misaki Tomonori , Tanabe Yoo
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Carbamoylimidazolium and Thiocarbamoylimidazolium Salts: Novel Reagents for the Synthesis of Ureas, Thioureas, Carbamates, Thiocarbamates and Amides.
Authors: Grzyb Justyna A. , Shen Ming , Yoshina‐Ishii Chiaki , Chi W. , Brown R. Stanley , Batey Robert A.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selective Michael—Aldol Reaction by Use of Sterically Hindered Aluminum Aryloxides as Lewis Acids: An Easy Approach to Cyclobutane Amino Acids.
Authors: Avenoza Alberto , Busto Jesus H. , Canal Noelia , Peregrina Jesus M. , Perez‐Fernandez Marta
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photooxygenation of 5‐ and 6‐Chloro‐1,3‐cycloheptadienes and Reactions of Their Endoperoxides with Base: Effects of the Chloro Substituent on the Reactions.
Authors: Menzek Abdullah , Senguel M. Emin , Cetinkaya Yasin , Ceylan Selami
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Amino Acid Promoted/CuI‐Catalyzed C—N Bond Formation Between Aryl Halides and Amines or N‐Containing Heterocycles.
Authors: Zhang Hui , Cai Qian , Ma Dawei
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Alkynylation of Aryl Bromides with Propargylamines Catalyzed by a Palladium‐Tetraphosphine Complex.
Authors: Lemhadri Mhamed , Doucet Henri , Santelli Maurice
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Chemistry of Alkylstrontium Halide Analogues: Barbier‐Type Alkylation of Imines with Alkyl Halides.
Authors: Miyoshi Norikazu , Ikehara Daitetsu , Kohno Tadashi , Matsui Aki , Wada Makoto
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Pentafluorophenylmethylamines via Silicon Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Dilman Alexander D. , Belyakov Pavel A. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Struchkova Marina I. , Tartakovsky Vladimir A.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unprecedented, Fully Recyclable, Solid‐Supported Reagent for the Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Amines Through Enantioselective N‐Acetylation.
Authors: Arseniyadis Stellios , Subhash Pithani V. , Valleix Alain , Wagner Alain , Mioskowski Charles
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by New Chiral Oxazolidine Ligand.
Authors: Kang Yong‐feng , Liu Lei , Wang Rui , Ni Ming , Han Zhi‐jian
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rapid and High‐Yield Synthesis of Aryloxyacetates under Microwave Irradiation and Phase‐Transfer Catalysis Conditions.
Authors: Wei Tai‐Bao , Liu Hong , Li Man‐Lin , Zhang You‐Ming
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of (Z)‐3‐Aryl‐3‐chloropropenals with Nucleophiles: Stereoselective Formation of (E)‐Vinylogous Esters, (E)‐Vinylogous Amides, and Vinamidinium Salts.
Authors: Clough Stuart , et al. et al.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Deprotection of Thioacetal Using 1‐Butyl‐4‐aza‐1‐azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Dichromate (BABOD) in the Presence of AlCl3.
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Bagheri Hamid , Ruoho Arnold E.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lewis Base Catalyzed, Enantioselective Aldol Addition of Methyl Trichlorosilyl Ketene Acetal to Ketones.
Authors: Denmark Scott E. , Fan Yu , Eastgate Martin D.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid Catalyzed Alkylation of Arenes with Methyl (2R)‐Glycidate.
Authors: Linares‐Palomino Pablo J. , Prakash G. K. Surya , Olah George A.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Imines, Acid Chlorides, and Organostannanes: A Multicomponent Synthesis of α‐Substituted Amides.
Authors: Black Daniel A. , Arndtsen Bruce A.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Zinc Mediated Facile and Efficient Dehydration of Aldoximes to Nitriles.
Authors: Saini Anil , Kumar Sanjay , Sandhu Jagir S.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of trans‐Cinnamic Acids from Aryl Aldehydes and Aryl Aldehyde Bisulfite Adducts with Malonic Acid Using Piperazine.
Authors: Khosropour Ahmad Reza , Khodaei Mohammad Mehdi , Moghanian Hassan
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
CeCl3/Sm Induced Reductive Cleavage of the S—S Bond in Disulfide: A Novel Method for the Synthesis of β‐Thioesters, Thiol‐esters and Alkylphenyl Sulfides.
Authors: Li Xue , Zhang Songlin , Zhang Yongmin
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Transformation of Carbonates into Sulfones at the Benzylic Position via Palladium‐Catalyzed Benzylic Substitution.
Authors: Kuwano Ryoichi , Kondo Yutaka , Shirahama Tsuyoshi
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Decarbonylative Diarylation of α‐Methoxyacetic Acid Yielding Diarylmethanes Mediated by Lewis Acid and Trifluoroacetic Anhydrides.
Authors: Jobashi Takashi , Hino Tetsuo , Maeyama Katsuya , Ozaki Hiroyuki , Ogino Kenji , Yonezawa Noriyuki
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Substitution of Benzylic Hydroxyl Groups with Vinyl Moieties Using Vinylboron Dihalides.
Authors: Kabalka George W. , Yao Min‐Liang , Borella Scott , Wu Zhong‐Zhi
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enynylation of 2‐Iodo‐4‐(phenylchalcogenyl)‐1‐butenes via Intramolecular Chelation: Approach to the Synthesis of Conjugated Dienynes or Trienynes.
Authors: Shi Min , Liu Le‐Ping , Tang Jie
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 1,3‐Diaryl‐3‐aminopropynes via the Dethiolation of Thioamides Promoted by the Samarium/Samarium Diiodide Mixed Reagent.
Authors: Zhu Weimin , Qian Weixing , Zhang Yongmin
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of 4‐Arylcyclopentenes by Sequential Diallylation of Arylaldehydes and Ring‐Closing Metathesis.
Authors: Durand Anne‐Catherine , Brahmi Lamia , Lahrech Mokhtar , Hacini Salih , Santelli Maurice
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Hydrophenanthrenes Through a “Green” Fischer Carbene—Alkyne Coupling Process.
Authors: Li Rongti , Camacho‐Davila Alejandro , Herndon James W.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Degenerate Rearrangement of 9,10‐Dimethyl‐9‐(cis‐1‐methylprop‐1‐enyl)phenanthrenium Cation. First Example for the 1,2‐Vinyl Shift in the Persistent Carbocation.
Authors: Bushmelev V. A. , Genaev A. M. , Shubin V. G.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Synthesis of gem‐Dichloroaziridines from Imines via the KF/Al2O3‐Promoted Generation of Dichlorocarbene from Chloroform.
Authors: Mihara Masatoshi , Ishino Yoshio , Minakata Satoshi , Komatsu Mitsuo
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydrofuran Spiro‐β‐Lactams by Ru‐Catalyzed Metathesis of 7‐Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptenes.
Authors: Csaky Aurelio G. , Medel Rocio , Murcia M. Carmen , Plumet Joaquin
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 3,4‐Disubstituted 2,5‐Dihydrofurans Starting from the Baylis—Hillman Adducts via Consecutive Radical Cyclization, Halolactonization, and Decarboxylation Strategy.
Authors: Gowrisankar Saravanan , Lee Ka Young , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation and Electrophilic Cyclization of Multisubstituted Dienamides Leading to Cyclic Iminoethers.
Authors: Wang Congyang , Lu Jiang , Mao Guoliang , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: October 2005

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Molybdenum‐ and Rhenium‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Cyclopropanemethanols to Tetrahydrofurans.
Authors: Maeda Yasunari , Nishimura Takahiro , Uemura Sakae
Published: October 2005

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Diastereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurans via Reaction of γ,δ‐Epoxycarbanions with Aldehydes.
Authors: Makosza Mieczyslaw , Barbasiewicz Michal , Krajewski Dariusz
Published: October 2005

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Inter‐ and Intramolecular Radical Couplings of Ene‐ynes or Halo‐alkenes Promoted by an InCl3/MeONa/Ph2SiH2 System.
Authors: Hayashi Naoki , Shibata Ikuya , Baba Akio
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Intramolecular Cyclotrimerization of Triynes Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene—CoCl2/Zn or —FeCl3/Zn.
Authors: Saino Naoko , Kogure Daisuke , Okamoto Sentaro
Published: October 2005

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Synthesis of Polyfunctionally Substituted Thiophene, Thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine and Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Wardakhan Wagnat W. , Shams Hoda Z. , Moustafa Hosam E.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Expeditious Approach to 5‐Aroyl‐pyrrolidinones by a Novel PIFA‐Mediated Alkyne Amidation Reaction.
Authors: Serna Sonia , Tellitu Imanol , Dominguez Esther , Moreno Isabel , SanMartin Raul
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tandem Hydroformylation—Hydrazone Formation—Fischer Indole Synthesis: A Novel Approach to Tryptamides.
Authors: Schmidt Axel M. , Eilbracht Peter
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemoselective Reaction of Benz(g)indole Based Bisheterocycle Dicarboxylate Towards Hydrazine Hydrate: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of New Triheterocycles‐5‐pyrrolylaminocarbonyl/mercaptooxadiazolyl/4‐allyl‐5‐me rcaptotriazolylmethoxy‐1‐furfuryl‐2‐methylbenz(g)indoles.
Authors: Donawade Dundappa S. , Raghu A. V. , Muddapur U. M. , Gadaginamath Guru S.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Single‐Site Hydroxyapatite‐Bound Zinc Catalyst for Highly Efficient Chemical Fixation of Carbon Dioxide with Epoxides.
Authors: Mori Kohsuke , Mitani Yohei , Hara Takayoshi , Mizugaki Tomoo , Ebitani Kohki , Kaneda Kiyotomi
Published: October 2005

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Reaction of 3,3,5,5‐Tetramethylthiolane‐2,4‐dithione with Benzyne: Novel Formation of Benzodithiole.
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Tsubone Taeko , Shigetomi Toshiyuki , Shioji Kosei , Yokomori Yoshinobu
Published: October 2005

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Facile Synthesis of 2H‐Indazole Derivatives Starting from the Baylis—Hillman Adducts of 2‐Cyclohexen‐1‐one.
Authors: Lee Ka Young , Gowrisankar Saravanan , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: October 2005

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The Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Methyl N‐Arylthiocarbamates, Dimethyl N‐Aryldithiocarbonimidates and 2‐Arylamino‐2‐imidazolines.
Authors: Servi Sueleyman , Genc Murat , Guer Seher , Koca Murat
Published: October 2005

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Syntheses of 2‐Alkylthio‐(4,5‐diaryl)imidazoles (VI).
Authors: Salimi Mona , Amini Mohsen , Shafiee Abbas
Published: October 2005

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Synthesis of Isomeric 3‐Phenyl‐5‐(pyridylmethylene)‐2‐thiohydantoins and Their S‐Methylated Derivatives. Molecular and Crystal Structures of (5Z)‐3‐Phenyl‐5‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethylene)‐2‐thiohydantoin and (5Z)‐2‐Methylthio‐3‐phenyl‐5‐ (pyridin‐2‐ylmethylene)‐3,5‐dihydro‐4H‐imidazol‐4‐one.
Authors: Majouga A. G. , Beloglazkina E. K. , Vatsadze S. Z. , Frolova N. A. , Zyk N. V.
Published: October 2005

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Synthesis of Novel 4‐Functionalized Oxazolidin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Widyan Khalid , Kurz Thomas
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
“Huisgen Reaction” of Aldonitrones with N‐Benzyl Maleimide Leading to Synthesis of 2,3‐Diaryl‐5‐benzyl‐2H‐3,3a,4,5,6,6a‐hexahydropyrrolo [3,4‐d]isoxazole‐4,6‐diones
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet , Singh Baldev , Singal Kewal Krishan
Published: October 2005

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Synthesis of Spirocyclohexanone Ring Containing Thiazolidine Nucleus: A Regioselective Approach.
Authors: Chande Madhukar S. , Suryanarayan Vijay
Published: October 2005

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Synthesis of Thiazolo[2,3‐c]‐s‐triazoles Using Poly[(4‐diacetoxyiodo)styrene].
Authors: Liu Shi‐juan , Zhang Ji‐zhen , Tian Guan‐rong , Liu Ping
Published: October 2005

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Synthesis of Quinoxaline 1,4‐Dioxides from 5,6‐Diethylbenzofuroxan on Silica Gel.
Authors: Sekimura Nobuo , Saito Hiroaki , Miyairi Shinichi , Takabatake Tohru
Published: October 2005

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Syntheses of 4,5‐Diaryl‐1,2,3‐thiadiazoles.
Authors: Karimi Lila , Navidpour Latifeh , Amini Mohsen , Shafiee Abbas
Published: October 2005

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Phosphine‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 6‐Substituted 2‐Pyrones: Manifestation of E/Z‐Isomerism in the Zwitterionic Intermediate.
Authors: Zhu Xue‐Feng , Schaffner Arnaud‐Pierre , Li Ronald C. , Kwon Ohyun
Published: October 2005

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Synthesis of New Iminocoumarins and Their Transformations into N‐Chloro and Hydrazono Compounds.
Authors: Volmajer Julija , Toplak Renata , Leban Ivan , Le Marechal Alenka Majcen
Published: October 2005

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DABCO‐Catalyzed Reaction of Allenic Esters and Ketones with Salicyl N‐Tosylimines: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Chromenes.
Authors: Shi Yong‐Ling , Shi Min
Published: October 2005

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Cycloadditions of Aryl‐Substituted 1,2,4‐Triazines with 2‐Cyclopropylidene‐1,3‐dimethylimidazolidine — Zwitterions as Discrete Intermediates.
Authors: Ernd Michael , Heuschmann Manfred , Zipse Hendrik
Published: October 2005

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Efficient Preparation of 2‐Pyridylpyridines Using β‐N,N‐Dialkylated Aminoacroleins or Their Equivalent as Vinadinium Tetrafluoroborate.
Authors: Kuwabara Hirokazu , Umihara Ken , Furugori Yasushi , Itoh Isamu
Published: October 2005

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Synthesis of 2‐Pyridylpyridines via Aza‐Diels—Alder Reactions Between 3‐Pyridyl‐1,2,4‐triazines and Some Vinyl Alkanoates.
Authors: Shintou Taichi , Ikeuchi Fumiaki , Kuwabara Hirokazu , Umihara Ken , Itoh Isamu
Published: October 2005

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A Silver‐Catalyzed Domino Route Toward 1,2‐Dihydroquinoline Derivatives from Simple Anilines and Alkynes.
Authors: Luo Yumei , Li Zigang , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: October 2005

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Cyclization of o‐Functionalized α‐Trifluoromethylstyrenes: Synthesis of Isoquinoline Derivatives Bearing Fluorinated One‐Carbon Units.
Authors: Mori Takashi , Iwai Yu , Ichikawa Junji
Published: October 2005

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Diels—Alder Reactions of N‐Acyl‐2‐alkyl(aryl)‐5‐vinyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐4‐pyridones.
Authors: Comins Daniel L. , Kuethe Jeffrey T. , Miller Teresa M. , Fevrier Florence C. , Brooks Clinton A.
Published: October 2005

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Titanium(IV) Chloride Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones and Thiones
Authors: Nagawade Rahul R. , Kotharkar Sandeep A. , Shinde Devanand B.
Published: October 2005

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Reaction Between Alkyl or Aryl Isocyanides and Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates in the Presence of N,N′‐Dimethylbarbituric Acid: Synthesis of 4H‐Pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidines.
Authors: Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Hazeri Norollah , Navvabian Hossein , Razmjoo Zahra , Marandi Ghasem
Published: October 2005

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Synthesis of 3‐Benzylxanthine and Lumazine Analogues.
Authors: El Ashry El Sayed H. , Youssif Shaker , El Ahwany Maged , El Sanan Mohamed
Published: October 2005

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Molecular Modeling Directed Synthesis of a Bicyclic Analogue of the δ Opioid Receptor Agonist SNC 80.
Authors: Jung Bettina , Englberger Werner , Wuensch Bernhard
Published: October 2005

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Superacid‐Catalyzed Reactions of Olefinic Pyrazines: An Example of anti‐Markovnikov Addition Involving Superelectrophiles.
Authors: Zhang Yiliang , Briski Jason , Zhang Yun , Rendy Rendy , Klumpp Douglas A.
Published: October 2005

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Alkoxycarbonyloxyethyl Ester Prodrugs of FR900098 with Improved in vivo Antimalarial Activity.
Authors: Ortmann Regina , Wiesner Jochen , Reichenberg Armin , Henschker Dajana , Beck Ewald , Jomaa Hassan , Schlitzer Martin
Published: October 2005

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Highly Stereoselective One‐Pot Procedure to Prepare Bis‐ and Tris‐chalcogenide Alkenes via Addition of Disulfides and Diselenides to Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Venturini Moro Angelica , Nogueira Cristina W. , Barbosa Nilda B. V. , Menezes Paulo Henrique , Teixeira da Rocha Joao Batista , Zeni Gilson
Published: October 2005

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Selenium‐Containing Heterocycles From Isoselenocyanates: Synthesis of 1,3‐Selenazolidine and Perhydro‐1,3‐selenazine Derivatives.
Authors: Sommen Geoffroy L. , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz
Published: October 2005

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A Facile Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3‐Dienyltellurides via Palladium Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Cai Mingzhong , Chen Junmin , Hao Wenyan
Published: October 2005

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The Total Synthesis of Coleophomones B, C, and D.
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Montagnon Tamsyn , Vassilikogiannakis Georgios , Mathison Casey J. N.
Published: October 2005

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Catalytic Asymmetric Diazoacetate Cyclopropanation of 1‐Tosyl‐3‐vinylindoles. A Route to Conformationally Restricted Homotryptamines.
Authors: Marcin Lawrence R. , Denhart Derek J. , Mattson Ronald J.
Published: October 2005

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Ring Expansion of Azetidinium Ylides: Rapid Access to the Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Turneforcidine (V) and Platynecine (VI).
Authors: Vanecko John A. , West F. G.
Published: October 2005

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Steryl Epoxide, Secobutanolide and Butanolides from the Stem Wood of Machilus zuihoensis.
Authors: Cheng Ming‐Jen , Tsai Ian‐Lih , Lee Shoiw‐Ju , Jayaprakasam Bolleddula , Chen Ih‐Sheng
Published: October 2005

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Prenylated Anthronoid Antioxidants from the Stem Bark of Harungana madagascariensis
Authors: Kouam Simeon F. , Ngadjui Bonaventure T. , Krohn Karsten , Wafo Pascal , Ajaz Asma , Choudhary M. Iqbal
Published: October 2005

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New Approach for the Removal of Metal Ions from Water: Adsorption onto Aquatic Plants and Microwave Reaction for the Fabrication of Nanometals.
Authors: Chefetz B. , Sominski L. , Pinchas M. , Ginsburg T. , Elmachliy S. , Tel‐Or E. , Gedanken A.
Published: October 2005

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Superparamagnetic Gadonanotubes Are High‐Performance MRI Contrast Agents.
Authors: Wilson L. J. , et al. et al.
Published: October 2005

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Synthesis and Characterization of Single‐Crystalline Alkali Titanate Nanowires.
Authors: Xu Cheng‐Yan , Zhang Qi , Zhang Han , Zhen Liang , Tang Jie , Qin Lu‐Chang
Published: October 2005

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Solid Electrolyte Materials, Devices and Applications
Authors: Joshi Ashok V. , Steppan James J. , Taylor Dale M. , Elangovan S.
Published: October 2005

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Chemical Vapor Deposition of Thin‐Film Dielectrics
Authors: Vasilev V. Yu. , Repinsky S. M.
Published: October 2005

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Transactinide Superheavy Elements: Isolation and Chemical Properties in Solution
Authors: Guseva L. I.
Published: October 2005

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Mesocrystals: Inorganic Superstructures Made by Highly Parallel Crystallization and Controlled Alignment
Authors: Coelfen Helmut , Antonietti Markus
Published: October 2005

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Gold Nanocages: Engineering Their Structure for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Chen Jingyi , Wiley Benjamin , Li Zhi‐Yuan , Campbell Dean , Saeki Fusayo , Cang Hu , Au Leslie , Lee Jennifer , Li Xingde , Xia Younan
Published: October 2005

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Symmetry‐Controlled Colloidal Nanocrystals: Nonhydrolytic Chemical Synthesis and Shape Determining Parameters
Authors: Jun Young‐wook , Lee Jae‐Hyun , Choi Jin‐sil , Cheon Jinwoo
Published: October 2005

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Framework Materials Based on Azamacrocyclic Complexes of Transition Metals and Carboxylates
Authors: Lampeka Ya. D. , Tsymbal L. V.
Published: October 2005

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Recent Advances in the Design and Construction of Helical Coordination Polymers
Authors: Han Lei , Hong Maochun
Published: October 2005

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Strategies for Hydrogen Storage in Metal—Organic Frameworks
Authors: Rowsell Jesse L. C. , Yaghi Omar M.
Published: October 2005

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Hydrocarboxylation and Hydroesterification Reactions Catalyzed by Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: El Ali Bassam , Alper Howard
Published: October 2005

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Multiple Carbon—Carbon Bond Formations under Hydroformylation Conditions
Authors: Eilbracht Peter , Schmidt Axel M.
Published: October 2005

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New Synthetic Applications of Tandem Reactions under Hydroformylation Conditions
Authors: Eilbracht Peter , Schmidt Axel M.
Published: October 2005

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Basic Aspects of Organic Synthesis with Transition Metals
Authors: Trost Barry M.
Published: October 2005

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Organic Synthesis with Transition Metal Complexes Using Compressed Carbon Dioxide as Reaction Medium
Authors: Francio Giancarlo , Leitner Walter
Published: October 2005

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Catalytic Asymmetric Sulfide Oxidations
Authors: Kagan H. B. , Luukas T. O.
Published: October 2005

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Aerobic, Metal‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Marko Istvan E. , Giles Paul R. , Tsukazaki Masao , Gautier Arnaud , Dumeunier Raphael , Dodo Kanae , Philippart Freddi , Chelle‐Regnault Isabelle , Mutonkole Jean‐Luc , Brown Stephen M. , et al. et al.
Published: October 2005

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Oxidative Cleavage of Olefins
Authors: Kuehn Fritz E. , Fischer Richard W. , Herrmann Wolfgang A. , Weskamp Thomas
Published: October 2005

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Catalytic Amination Reactions of Olefins and Alkynes
Authors: Beller Matthias , Tillack Annegret , Seayad Jaysree
Published: October 2005

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Wacker‐Type Oxidations
Authors: Hintermann Lukas
Published: October 2005

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Asymmetric Aminohydroxylation — Recent Developments
Authors: Muniz‐Fernandez Kilian
Published: October 2005

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Combinatorial Parallel Synthesis of Biologically Active Libraries on Soluble Polymer Supports
Authors: Lee Ming‐Juan , Sun Chung‐Ming
Published: October 2005

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Ambiphilic Zinc Carbenoid as a New Tool for Multicomponent Condensation Reactions
Authors: Marek Ilan
Published: October 2005

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Parallel Synthesis Technologies in Lead Discovery and Optimization: Strategies and Applications
Authors: Pasteris Robert J.
Published: October 2005

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The Development and Application of Chiral Trisoxazolines in Asymmetric Catalysis and Molecular Recognition
Authors: Zhou Jian , Tang Yong
Published: October 2005

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C1 and C2‐Symmetric Carbohydrate Phosphorus Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Castillon Sergio , Claver Carmen , Diaz Yolanda
Published: October 2005

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Sugar Allyltin Compounds: Preparation and Application in Organic Synthesis.
Authors: Jarosz Slawomir , Gawel Anna
Published: October 2005

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Borinium, Borenium, and Boronium Ions: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Applications
Authors: Piers Warren E. , Bourke Sara C. , Conroy Korey D.
Published: October 2005

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Recent Progress of Halogen‐Dance Reactions in Heterocycles
Authors: Duan Xin‐Fang , Zhang Zhan‐Bin
Published: October 2005

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The Endocannabinoid System: Drug Targets, Lead Compounds, and Potential Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Lambert Didier M. , Fowler Christopher J.
Published: October 2005

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A Comparative Analysis of the Total Syntheses of the Amphidinolide T Natural Products
Authors: Colby Elizabeth A. , Jamison Timothy F.
Published: October 2005

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α,β‐Diamino Acids: Biological Significance and Synthetic Approaches
Authors: Viso Alma , Fernandez de la Pradilla Roberto , Garcia Ana , Flores Aida
Published: October 2005

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Self‐Assembled Complexes of Non‐Cross‐linked Amphiphilic Polymeric Ligands with Inorganic Species: Highly Active and Reusable Solid‐Phase Polymeric Catalysts
Authors: Yamada Yoichi M. A.
Published: October 2005

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Overcoming the Chelate Effect: Hypodentate Coordination of Common Multidentate Amine Ligands
Authors: Blackman Allan G.
Published: October 2005

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Recent Progress in Supported Metal Catalysed C1 Chemistry
Authors: Guerrero‐Ruiz A. , Rodriguez‐Ramos I.
Published: October 2005

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Preparation of Supported Metal Catalysts
Authors: Mul Guido , Moulijn Jacob A.
Published: October 2005

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Epimerization by Non‐Classical Acetalization: Applications in Carbohydrate and Inositol Chemistry
Authors: Miethchen Ralf
Published: October 2005

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Mutarotation of γ‐Irradiated D‐Glucoses
Authors: Chostenko A. , Truszkowski S. , Buchalski A. , Churkin A.
Published: October 2005

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Enzyme Reactions as the Key Step in the Synthesis of Terpenoids, Degraded Carotenoids, Steroids, and Related Substances
Authors: Fuhshuku Ken‐ichi , Oda Shinobu , Sugai Takeshi
Published: October 2005

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First Total Synthesis of (+)‐Amphidinolide T1
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Liu Chunfeng
Published: October 2005

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Thermochemistry of Organolithium Compounds
Authors: Slayden Suzanne W. , Liebman Joel F.
Published: October 2005

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Evolution of β‐Lactam Biosynthesis Genes and Recruitment of trans‐Acting Factors
Authors: Brakhage Axel A. , Al‐Abdallah Qusai , Tuencher Andre , Sproete Petra
Published: October 2005

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Chromatin Modifications as Targets for New Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Schaefer Stefan , Jung Manfred
Published: October 2005

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Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Inherited Thrombophilia Using Invader
Authors: Keller Margaret A.
Published: October 2005

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Solid‐State Dye Lasers Based on Dipyrromethene Dyes: Recent Developments
Authors: Alvarez M. , Amat‐Guerri F. , Campo L. , Costela A. , Garcia‐Moreno I. , Garcia O. , Gomez C. , Gutierrez C. , Liras M. , Sastre R.
Published: October 2005

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Liquid/Solid Catalyst Recycling Method without Fluorous Solvents
Authors: Ishihara Kazuaki , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: October 2005

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Residual Dipolar Couplings — A Valuable NMR Parameter for Small Organic Molecules
Authors: Gschwind Ruth M.
Published: October 2005

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Recent Developments in Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Noncovalently Bound Protein Complexes
Authors: Ashcroft Alison E.
Published: October 2005

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The Maximum Entropy Principle in the Treatment of Structural Data from Liquid Crystal NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Cinacchi Giorgio , Veracini Carlo Alberto
Published: October 2005

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Vibrational Spectroscopy of Organolithium Compounds
Authors: Pavel I. , Kiefer W. , Stalke D.
Published: October 2005

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Vibrational Spectroscopy: A “Vanishing” Discipline?
Authors: Meier Robert J.
Published: October 2005

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Preparation and Characterization of Novel Ionic Liquids Based on Schiff Base Cation
Authors: Qing‐Hai Cai , Hong Wang , Chao Jin , Bin Lu , Feng Wu , Yong‐Kui Shan
Published: October 2005

Two novel ionic liquids, N,N′‐disalicylideneethylenediaminium acetate and N,N′‐disalicylideneethylenediaminium trifluoroacetate, were prepared and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, DTA‐TG and elemental analysis. The experimental results indicate that the new ionic liquids possess lower melting point and higher electrical conductivity. It is noteworthy that the ionic liquids reported herein are the first member of the ionic liquid family with the Schiff base functional group in the cation.
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)
Authors: Combs Stephanie E. , Widmer Verena , Thilmann Christoph , Hof Holger , Debus Juergen , Schulz‐Ertner Daniela
Published: October 2005

BACKGROUND

This article describes the results of a study of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the treatment of patients with recurrent malignant glioma.

METHODS

Thirty‐two patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) were treated for 36 lesions with SRS from 1993 to 2001. Nineteen patients were male and 13 were female. The median age at primary diagnosis of the tumor was 56 years (range, 33–76 yrs). At the time of initial diagnosis a total neurosurgical resection was performed in 7, a subtotal resection in 21, and a biopsy in 4 patients. Histology evaluations revealed glioblastoma multiforme (WHO Grade IV) in all 32 patients. In all patients radiotherapy was performed as the first‐line therapy, applied as fractionated external beam radiotherapy. The median interval between primary irradiation and reirradiation was 10 months. The median dose applied was 15 Gy (range, 10–20 Gy) prescribed to the 80% isodose line that encompassed the target volume. No concomitant chemotherapy was applied.

RESULTS

Treatment was well tolerated by all patients. No acute toxicities > CTC Grade II occurred. No severe long‐term toxicities including radionecrosis were observed. The median follow‐up time was 13 months (range, 1–89 mo). All patients died of tumor progression during follow‐up. The median overall survival from primary diagnosis of the tumor was 22 months (range, 9–133 mo). The survival rate at 1 year was 90%, and 49% and 26% at 2 and 3 years, respectively. Median overall survival after SRS was 10 months. At 6 and 12 months after SRS, survival rates were 72% and 28%, respectively. Median progression‐free survival after SRS was 7 months.

CONCLUSIONS

SRS offers effective treatment as a salvage therapy for a subgroup of patients with smaller lesions of recurrent GBM. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.