bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tsunami run-up estimation based on a hybrid numerical flume and a parameterization of real topobathymetric profiles
Authors: Aniel-Quiroga Íñigo , Quetzalcóatl Omar , González Mauricio , Guillou Louise
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Tsunami run-up is a key value to determine when calculating and assessing the
tsunami hazard in a tsunami-prone area. Run-up can be accurately calculated
by means of numerical models, but these models require high-resolution
topobathymetric data, which are not always available, and long computational
times. These drawbacks restrict the application of these models to the
assessment of small areas. As an alternative method, to address large areas
empirical formulae are commonly applied to estimate run-up. These formulae
are based on numerical or physical experiments on idealized geometries. In
this paper, a new methodology is presented to calculate tsunami hazard at
large scales. This methodology determines the tsunami flooding by using a
coupled model that combines a nonlinear shallow water model (2D-H) and a
volume-of-fluid model (RANS 2D-V) and applies the optimal numerical models in
each phase of the tsunami generation–propagation–inundation process. The
hybrid model has been widely applied to build a tsunami run-up database
(TRD). The aim of this database is to form an interpolation domain with which
to estimate the tsunami run-up of new scenarios without running a numerical
simulation. The TRD was generated by simulating the propagation of
parameterized tsunami waves on real non-scaled profiles. A database and
hybrid numerical model were validated using real and synthetic scenarios. The
new methodology provides feasible estimations of the tsunami run-up;
engineers and scientists can use this methodology to address tsunami hazard
at large scales.
Wave energy dissipation in the mangrove vegetation off Mumbai, India
Authors: Volvaiker Samiksha S. , Vethamony Ponnumony , Bhaskaran Prasad K. , Pednekar Premanand , Jishad Mhamsa , James Arthur
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Coastal regions of India are prone to sea level rise, cyclones, storm surges and human induced activities, resulting in flood, erosion and inundation. The primary aim of the study is to estimate wave energy attenuation by mangrove vegetation using SWAN model, and validate the model results with measurements for the Mumbai coastal region. Wave measurements were carried out during 5–8 August 2015 at 3 locations in a transect normal to the coast using surface mounted pressure level sensors in spring tide conditions. The measured data presents wave height attenuation of the order of 52 %. The study shows a linear relationship between wave height attenuation and gradual changes in water level in the nearshore region, in phase with the tides. Model set-up and sensitivity analyses were conducted to understand the model performance to vegetation parameters. It was observed that wave attenuation increases with an increase in drag coefficient, vegetation density and stem diameter. For a typical set-up for Mumbai coastal region having vegetation density of 0.175 per m2, stem diameter of 0.3 m and drag coefficient varying from 0.4 to 1.5, the model reproduced attenuation, ranging from 49 to 55 %, which matches well with the measured data. Spectral analysis performed for the cases with and without vegetation very clearly portrays energy dissipation in the vegetation area. This study has the potential of improving the quality of wave prediction in vegetation areas, especially during monsoon season and extreme weather events.
Heródoto y Protágoras: una recepción polémica de los conceptos de νόμος y φύσις
Authors: Barrionuevo Sergio
Published: May 2018

El presente artículo se propone identificar, desde una perspectiva histórica, la recepción del pensamiento protagórico en las Historias de Heródoto. Para ello se efectuará un análisis de los pasajes en los que Heródoto remite a νόμος y φύσις, los cuales constituyen una antítesis conceptual en el marco de la sofística del siglo V a.C. A partir de este análisis se pretende mostrar que Heródoto retoma las discusiones intelectuales del siglo V a.C., pero realiza una recepción polémica de dichos conceptos poniendo en evidencia el clima de conflictividad en el plano de lo simbólico.
La religión del amor: Feuerbach y los filósofos del diálogo
Authors: Valdecasas Medina José Ignacio García- , Belmonte García Olga
Published: May 2018

En este artículo se parte de la crítica de Feuerbach a la religión para recuperar el sentido humanista de dicha crítica, que más que una afirmación del ateísmo o una negación de la existencia de Dios es una defensa de la dignidad y de la libertad humana. A lo largo de este estudio se sitúa el pensamiento de Feuerbach más allá de la discusión entre el teísmo y el ateísmo, estableciendo un diálogo que deja a un lado las limitaciones de esta dicotomía. En la Historia de la filosofía se ha insistido en la importancia del pensamiento de Feuerbach para la posterior filosofía de la sospecha, pero en este caso se recorre una vía menos explorada: su relación con el pensamiento dialógico y la religión del amor.
The morphological and antioxidant characteristics of inflorescences within wild-growing genotypes of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.)
Authors: Horčinová Sedláčková Vladimí­ra , Grygorieva Olga , Fatrcová-Šramková Katarí­na , Vergun Olena , Vinogradova Yulia , Ivanišová Eva , Brindza Ján
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the basic morphological characteristics (weight, length) and antioxidant activity (using DPPH method) of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) inflorescences as well as some elderberry-derived food products prepared from fresh (honey, alcoholic extract, tea infusions) and dried inflorescences (syrup). For the study of problematic, it was used 113 wild-growing genotypes of elderberry from 56 locations in Slovakia growing at an altitude of 98.15 - 712.32 m. The weight of fresh inflorescences ranged from 0.45 to 57.59 g (75.65% coefficient of variation value), the total length of inflorescences ranged from 19.0 to 282.0 mm (22.42%), the length of inflorescence´s stems from 9.0 to 197.0 mm (31.51%), a number of petals predominated pentanumerous petals. Variability in primary and secondary branching reported a low to high degree of variability among as well as within the genotypes. Results showed significant differences in the shape of inflorescences and the colour of flowers among each genotype. Antioxidant activity by DPPH method in elderberry inflorescence water extract was between 85.12 and 89.29%. Activation of tea infusions and beverages was ensured using a mechanism Kalyxx based on galvanic effect. In beverages made from 10% diluted honey prepared from fresh inflorescences in the carbohydrate-based extract, anti-radical activity was determined in the range of 16.81 - 24.16%. In an alcoholic extract from fresh inflorescences, anti-radical activity was between 90.99 and 93.16%. In beverages acquired from the syrup of flowers, we identified antioxidant activity ranging from 37.92 (10%) to 62.82% (40%). Results indicated that elderberry inflorescences and elderberry-derived food products can be attractive to consumers and in future can increase the assortments of healthy products.
Opaque Idioms in Arabic and English: A Perspective Analysis of their Semantic Anomaly
Authors: Elkheir Elgobshawi Abdalla
Published: May 2018

This paper provides a semantic contrast of opaque idioms in Arabic and English. It focuses on idioms that have anomalous nature and it traces out their idiosyncratic features. Linguistic analysis of opaque idioms sets for its task the recognition and examination of the metaphorical and the etymological resources of these idioms. The researcher has chosen for his data some idioms that satisfy the criterion set forth for identifying opaque idioms. Such idioms do not yield their meaning from the meanings of their constituents words. In addition, they lack clues to the understanding their meaning. The semantic analysis of these idioms reveals that the features underling such idioms could not be conventionalized and categorized according to regular rules. They have a metaphorical formulation which in most cases could only be attributed to folkloric and etymological interpretations. Instead, they generally need to be treated in isolation because each of these idioms has its own peculiarities.
El Salvador: la negociación del acuerdo de paz ¿Un modelo para el mundo?
Authors: Ribera Ricardo
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 37, 1994: 89-134
El gobierno en los programas de gobierno
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 38, 1994: 153-181
1994: transición y elecciones en El Salvador
Authors: Guido Bejar Rafael
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 38, 1994: 183-192
El "signo de los tiempos" en el devenir del tiempo histórico. El Salvador de 1960 a 1994: crisis, guerra, transición
Authors: Ribera Ricardo
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 38, 1994: 217-259
Explorando el lado oculto de los resultados electorales de 1994 en El Salvador
Authors: Lungo Mario
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 40, 1994: 607-616
El papel de las redes familiares en la configuración de la elite de poder centroamericana (El caso de la familia Díaz Durán)
Authors: Casaús Arzú Marta Elena
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 42, 1994: 973-1014
Experiences with a First International Programme (Philosophy, Politics and Economics – PPE) at Witten/Herdecke University
Authors: Blankers Batya , Zweynert Joachim , Weingaertner Joern , Ehlers Jan P.
Published: May 2018

In 2014, the Faculty of Management and Economics at Witten/Herdecke University introduced its first international programme, the MA PPE which served as a test case within the overall internationalisation strategy. Despite some teething problems the overall implementation deemed successful. The university derived many valuable lessons for further internationalisation: embedding an international programme in clear and structured general internationalisation strategy of the university; offering relevent assistance to international students in all organisational and bureaucratic aspects; actively creating interfaces between international and domestic students; formulating a clear vision and mission for international programmes to be shared equally by students, academic and administrative staff.
Effective strategies for nurses empowering the life quality and antipsychotic adherence of patients with schizophrenia
Authors: El-Azzab Saida I. , Abu-Salem Entisar M.
Published: May 2018

Background and objective: Schizophrenia requires preservation of treatment with psychotropic medication and psycho-educational therapy. The nurse uses effective strategies to train those patients about stress management; relaxation technique and increase self-awareness, to improve their quality of life and enhance antipsychotic adherence. The study aimed to assess the effective strategies for nurses empowering the life quality and antipsychotic adherence of patients with schizophrenia.Methods: Quasi-experimental research design was utilized in this study. The present study was achieved at the outpatient departments of the Mental Hospital in Beni-Suef, Egypt. A non-probability sampling of 60 patients with schizophrenia were recruited for the study. Tools of this study included: A structured interview questionnaire related to soci-demographic data, the quality of life scale, and the medication adherence rating scale. The training program consisted of 8 sessions.Results: The study indicated that there were statistically significant improvements in the life quality and antipsychotic adherence for patients with schizophrenia after application of psychiatric nursing instructions.Conclusions and recommendations: The results of this study concluded that psychiatric nursing approaches were effective in the improvement the quality life and adherence to antipsychotic of patients with schizophrenic disorders. Recommendations: This study recommended that a psychiatric nurse must use the effective strategies for empowering the life quality and antipsychotic adherence of patients with schizophrenia.
The effect of maternity nursing logbook on internship students' skills at woman's health hospital, Assiut Governorate
Authors: Mahmoud Ghadah Abdelrahman , Omar Ayat Masoud
Published: May 2018

Background and objective: Practical skills in Maternity Nursing are complex actions containing movement abilities, caring intentions, theoretical and practical skills, ethical and moral deliberation. This study aimed to assess the effect of Maternity Nursing logbook on cognitive and practical skills of internship students.Methods: Quasi-experimental research was carried out in this study. 112 internship students of Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University who were enrolled for Maternity training course around one year by using logbook. Setting: The study was done at the Woman's Health Hospital, Assiut University from beginning of September 2015 to the end August 2016 (internship Training year).Results: The total score of internship nursing student's cognitive and practical skills revealed that the vast majority of them (98%) had satisfactory knowledge and practical skills in post training with significant difference between pre and post training of the internship nursing students.Conclusions: The using of logbook was associated with increased clinical, cognitive with highly significant difference between pre and post training of the internship nursing students. Recommendations: Implementation of logbook in undergraduate and postgraduate clinical education for all clinical courses.
Encontrabilidade da informação e videoativismo: uma análise do atributo folksonomia no YouTube
Authors: Nascimento Jéssica Amorim do , Carvalho Angela Maria Grossi de
Published: May 2018

Introdução: As tecnologias digitais associadas à mobilidade e à web social transformaram as relações sociais em diversas esferas. Os ambientes têm se tornado cada dia mais cooperativos e a massa de informação depositada e compartilhada diariamente cresce de acordo com o número de usuários – o que modificou a relação que temos com a forma de compartilhar as informações na web, bem como a forma que produzimos ou realizamos qualquer tipo de manifestação social. Objetivo: De acordo com essa premissa, este artigo apresenta um estudo que buscou analisar a folksonomia – atributo da Encontrabilidade da Informação de Vechiato e Vidotti (2014), que analisa a etiquetagem social – partindo dos usuários. Metodologia: A análise foi realizada no ambiente YouTube, coletando as informações sobre os protestos do dia 17 de julho de 2013 e identificando o conteúdo de videoativismo para compreender de que forma o atributo presta contribuição para a aplicação da Encontrabilidade da Informação. Resultado: No YouTube, são apresentados aproximadamente 145 mil resultados com a busca “17 de junho de 2013”, e em sua maioria, não pertencem à mídia tradicional – são propostas videoativistas. Destes, após análise de acordo com a metodologia de observação, o número foi reduzido para 8 páginas de conteúdo relevantes.Conclusão: Foi possível utilizar a folksonomia no momento da publicação do vídeo. Com a busca “17 de junho de 2013”, e o resultado foi 145 mil vídeos. Após utilização da informação, este número mudou para 159 vídeos que possuem real ligação com o tema proposto – que classifica o atributo folksonomia como bastante relevante para a Encontrabilidade no ambiente estudado. Palavras-Chave: Encontrabilidade da Informação, Folksonomia, Videoativismo.
O ensino das mídias sociais nos cursos de graduação em Biblioteconomia do sul do Brasil
Authors: Cardoso Ana Cristina Luckmann , Pereira Ana Maria
Published: May 2018

Introdução: A globalização e as TIC’s contribuíram para o surgimento de novas exigências profissionais. Desta forma, o bibliotecário, como gestor da informação, passou a ter um campo de atuação mais amplo. Objetivo: Esta comunicação apresenta as mídias sociais como um recurso para o trabalho do bibliotecário e investiga o ensino das mídias sociais nas matrizes curriculares dos Cursos de Graduação em Biblioteconomia das Instituições de Ensino Superior da região Sul do Brasil, verificando a abordagem dos termos redes sociais, Facebook, Twitter, blogs e internet; bem como, o conhecimento das disciplinas que tem o ensino das mídias sociais em seus currículos. Metodologia: Nos procedimentos metodológicos, foram apresentados como universo da pesquisa as sete Instituições de Ensino Superior: em Santa Catarina, a UDESC, UFSC e a Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó; no Paraná a UEL, e; no Rio Grande do Sul, a UFRGS, a FURG e a Universidade de Caxias do Sul. Para a coleta de dados, foi realizado o levantamento nos sites dos cursos de Biblioteconomia destas instituições e a aplicação do questionário aos coordenadores e chefes dos cursos. Resultados: Nos resultados foram constatados que em três das Instituições supracitadas, existe o ensino das mídias sociais no Curso de Graduação em Biblioteconomia. Conclusões: Cada vez mais as mídias sociais fazem parte do cotidiano dos acadêmicos de biblioteconomia e essa é uma realidade imutável. Concluiu-se que 75% dos respondentes consideram muito importante incluir as mídias sociais nas matrizes curriculares dos cursos, realizar discussões sobre as mídias sociais na área da Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação, bem como oferecer subsídios para reflexões do profissional sobre o uso das novas ferramentas de trabalho, unindo teoria e prática em sua área de atuação. Também aponta a necessidade dos cursos se manterem atualizados com as mídias sociais e as novas tendências tecnológicas, propõe ajustes em sua matriz curricular, respeitando suas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCNs), mas ao mesmo tempo, buscando atender às novas exigências do mercado cada vez mais competitivo e inovador.
Generating a Cancellable Fingerprint using Matrices Operations and Its Fingerprint Processing Requirements
Authors: Mukhaiyar Riki
Published: May 2018

Cancellable fingerprint uses transformed or intentionally distorted biometric data instead of the original biometric data for identifying person. When a set of biometric data is found to be compromised, they can be discarded, and a new set of biometric data can be regenerated. This initial principal is identical with a non-invertible concept in matrices operations. In matrix domain, a matrix cannot be transformed into its original form if it meets several requirements such as non-square form matrix, consist of one zero row/column, and no row as multiple of another row. These conditions can be acquired by implementing three matrix operations using Kronecker Product (KP) operation, Elementary Row Operation (ERO), and Inverse Matrix (INV) operation. KP is useful to produce a non-square form matrix, to enlarge the size of matrix, to distinguish and disguise the element of matrix by multiplying each of elements of the matrix with a particular matrix. ERO can be defined as multiplication and addition force to matrix rows. INV is utilized to transform one matrix to another one with a different element or form as a reciprocal matrix of the original. These three matrix operations should be implemented together in generating the cancellable feature to robust image. So, if once three conditions are met by imposter, it is impossible to find the original image of the fingerprint. The initial aim of these operations is to camouflage the original look of the fingerprint feature into an abstract-look to deceive an un-authorized personal using the fingerprint irresponsibly. In this research, several fingerprint processing steps such as fingerprint pre-processing, core-point identification, region of interest, minutiae extration, etc; are determined to improve the quality of the cancellable feature. Three different databases i.e. FVC2002, FVC2004, and BRC are utilized in this work.
The Research on Evaluation of College Students’ Ability to Achieve the Physical Exercising Habit and Volition
Authors: Chu Xiaodong , Kuang Jianxin , Liu Jun
Published: May 2018

With the development of modern society, the competition in all fields is becoming increasingly intensified. Therefore, people must be strong in volition if they want to stand out in such a competitive society. Especially for college students, they should form strong volition with the help of school education, or it will be difficult for them to make a career in the future. The research on college students’ ability to develop the physical exercising habit and volition is vital to the physical education of college students. This paper researches on the feasibility of developing college students’ ability to form volition by developing their physical exercising habit through school education, and analyses the influence factors of the formation of volition, hoping to give some theoretical references to the evaluation system of the ability to develop the physical exercising habit and volition.
Early Childhood Education and Child Development Outcomes in Least Developed Countries: Empirical Evidence from Lao PDR
Authors: Phongsopha Manivone , Pholphirul Piriya
Published: May 2018

Given the benefits of early childhood education, many countries try to ensure universal accessibilityto early childhood education. However, with their limited budgets and chronic poverty, least developed countries face a huge disadvantage in providing access to early childhood education, especially for children of lower income families and those living in remote areas. This study aims to determine how accessibility to early childhood education and child development affects cognitive, learning, physical, and social-emotional readiness.We use nationally representative data from the Lao Social Indicator Survey (LSIS) for a case study of Lao PDR, which is representative of least-developed countries. Our estimation indicates that mother’s educational attainment and economic status of the family have an important impact on children’s preschool enrollment. In terms of children’s development, receiving early childhood education is likely to play a significant role in developing cognitive skills. Furthermore, in addition to early childhood education per se, activities associated such education also play an important role in fostering children’s development. Hence, early childhood education should be promoted in order to enhance all children’s access to preschools and thus ensure that their development remains on track.
Inhibiting Factor of Primary School Teacher Competence in Indonesia: Pedagogic and Professionalism
Authors: Setiawan Deny , Sitorus Joni , Natsir M.
Published: May 2018

The study aims to describe inhibiting factors of pedagogic and professional competencies from primary school teacher, as well as its problems. Primary data obtained through interviews on focus group discussion, and secondary data obtained through document. Research informants are teachers, principals, head of Education Department, head of District Staffing Agency, and head of District Planning and Development Agency. Data were analyzed descriptively. Result shows that there were four inhibiting factors of teacher competence, such as: inadequate school infrastructure; teacher educational qualification was low; implementation of teacher training was ineffective; and lack of government attention in reward for outstanding teachers.
The Integration of the Pottery Handicraft Together with the Basketwork Handicraft Promoting Economic Community Strength
Authors: Pattanapanithipong Panu
Published: May 2018

A study of the integration of the pottery handicraft together with the basketwork promoting economic community strength aims to 1) to study the basketwork identity to apply with the pottery handicraft 2) to examine the experimental design and to develop the pottery handicraft product combined with the basketwork in order to beautiful identical according to market qualifications and 3) to evaluate the market testing of the handicraft product developed conduce to the guidelines for producers apply to use. The samples were 400 people who interested in handicraft wherewith purposive sampling at the handicraft shop by used the accidental sampling, inquired for collect the data before as well as after design, evaluated by 3 groups of community product producer as 3 stars level which experience 10 years at least and 3 product design experts in order to evaluate the optimal pattern of product modified, therefrom, created the prototype as well as evaluated the opinion comments of consumer towards product designs. The results revealed that the most wanted of consumer that were the lamp product, basket product and decorated item products, the container rim of the 3rd pattern by weaving method was appropriate for forming pattern which were combined method with easy, strong and stable pattern, easy to fix when being ruined, the product pattern have been tested marketing by consumer found the satisfaction overall was the highest level, furthermore they satisfied in term of beauty than in term of usability.
The Study on Mobile Teaching of Taekwondo in Colleges and Universities Under the Background of “Internet +”
Authors: Hu Xiuying , Wang Guanjun
Published: May 2018

We would carry out the important directive spirit of general secretary Xi jin Ping, which was On promoting education informationization. We should vigorously promote the in-depth integration of information technology and university teaching. Only in this way, we could adapt to the current wave of classroom teaching reform in "Internet + teaching".In this paper, the author has used the methods of document data, expert interview, experiment and comprehensive analysis to research. This paper has studied the new mobile teaching mode of taekwondo course in colleges and universities under the background of " internet +", and has used some various forms of mobile teaching to carry out experimental research.The results showed that the “dynamic, subtle, video, feedback and evaluation in time” of mobile teaching. It has made the taekwondo students study interest, efficiency, initiative and innovation ability have remarkable improvement, the effect was obviously. It was easy to popularize and popularize.
Study on the Administrative Divisions in China’s Border Areas from the Perspective of Nation-state Building --- Changes to the Administrative Divisions in Inner Mongolia in the 20th Century
Authors: Jing Sun
Published: May 2018

From the end of the Yuan Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, when Inner Mongolia was still a special administrative region of the Qing Empire, the Mongolian nomad's territory went through numerous significant changes. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the administrative divisions in Inner Mongolia underwent three major changes and after continuous integration they were incorporated into the administrative territory of the People's Republic of China in a manner that was compatible with the behavior of a modern nation-state. Such changes can neither be ascribed to the natural process of national development and it’s accompanying fissions nor to the sinocization of Inner Mongolian initiated by Han migrants. Instead, it is derived from the game of power played in the region by various forces, from the Manchu and Han peoples, to the Mongolians, Russians and Japanese, and the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party in the period of surging modern nationalism. This is evidenced by the changes of division in Hulunbuir in particular. This case is enough to demonstrate that the issues of China’s border and nations are not simply equivalent to the binary opposition between Central Plains and border areas, between Han and ethnic minorities, but a process teeming with complex and diverse points of contention, political wrestling matches and other interactions.
Risk of Material Misstatement in Fluctuated Economic Environments: The Case of Greece
Authors: Dritsas Stamatios , Petrakos George
Published: May 2018

The aim of this paper is a) to investigate the relationship between the business risk and the risk of material misstatement at an overall financial level and b) to determine the dependencies between the risk of material misstatement and selected risk factors affecting pervasively the financial statements and many assertions. The study was based on data collected from a statistical survey among experienced statutory auditors employed by the five largest international audit firms in Greece. The research suggests a statistically significant relationship between the business risk and the risk of material misstatement at the overall financial statements level. Furthermore, although the majority of the survey participants believes that the recent financial crisis in Greece affected their assessments on going concern risk and the risk linked to accounting estimations substantially, the dependencies between those two risks and the risk of material misstatement at an overall financial statements level are not validated by the survey data.
A Study of the Wellbeing of Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Sibling Efficacy, Positive and Negative Affect, and Coping Strategies
Authors: Habelrih Emily , Hicks Richard , Vanstone Daisy
Published: May 2018

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) include pervasive developmental disorders characterised by communication deficits, difficulty with social understanding, and repetitive behaviors. Few studies have compared the efficacy, affect, and coping strategies of siblings of typically developing children with siblings of children with ASD. Typically developing siblings are understood to be at an increased risk of externalising and internalising problems. The current study examined whether siblings of children with ASD differed in levels of efficacy, affect, and coping from siblings of typically developing children. Participants (156) included an Australia-wide sample involving 82 siblings of children with ASD, and 74 siblings of typically developing individuals. Participants completed The Self-Efficacy Scale for Children (assessing social, emotional, and academic efficacy), the Positive and Negative Affect Scales, the Brief COPE Scale, and other scales as part of the larger study. Results showed that ASD siblings reported lower scores on emotional efficacy, social efficacy, and positive affect, and higher negative affect, than did the comparison group siblings. However, no significant differences were found in coping strategies or academic efficacy between the ASD siblings and the typically developing siblings. Consistent with earlier research findings, there are perceived negative effects or risks from being a sibling of an individual with ASD, suggesting support interventions may assist the development of emotional and social efficacy and increased positive affect for these individuals.
Over de grenzen van de criminologie
Authors: Weerdesteijn Maartje
Published: May 2018

Beyond the Borders of Criminology: International Relations and International Criminology

Criminologists decided over the last few decades that it is important to study international crimes, meaning genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, from a criminological perspective. With the international community taking up the responsibility to protect populations from these crimes and the prominence of international criminal justice on the world stage, it is argued that international criminology should embrace international relations more as an important sub-discipline.
Not by Behaviour Alone: In Defence of Self-Reports and ‘Finger Movements’
Authors: Jetten Jolanda , Haslam S. Alexander
Published: May 2018

We agree that it is important to study behaviour in psychology but warn against putting behaviour on a scientific pedestal. We argue that this would be problematic for at least three reasons. First, behaviour should not be seen as disconnected from thoughts and feelings; moreover, quarantining different domains of responses does not help to explain human psychology comprehensively. Second, because behaviour hardly ever speaks for itself, it is essential to gather other responses from participants (including self-reports and “finger movement responses”) to understand what their behaviour really means. Finally, and most importantly, we observe that the main response to the crisis in social psychology has consisted of calls to change our empirical practices. Here this call takes the form of arguing for studying one particular dependent variable: behaviour. Even though we agree that there is value in measuring behaviour, promoting such practices is not going to be a silver bullet that overcomes the key challenges that social psychology as a discipline is currently facing. To do that, a more fruitful avenue would be to focus on the theory that needs to underpin and inform that empirical work. Indeed, without a proper theoretical framework to guide the study of behaviour, developing a “science of behaviour” is in our view rather futile.
Energy exchanges at contact events guide sensorimotor integration
Authors: Farshchian Ali , Sciutti Alessandra , Pressman Assaf , Nisky Ilana , Mussa-Ivaldi Ferdinando A
Published: May 2018

The brain must consider the arm’s inertia to predict the arm's movements elicited by commands impressed upon the muscles. Here, we present evidence suggesting that the integration of sensory information leading to the representation of the arm's inertia does not take place continuously in time but only at discrete transient events, in which kinetic energy is exchanged between the arm and the environment. We used a visuomotor delay to induce cross-modal variations in state feedback and uncovered that the difference between visual and proprioceptive velocity estimations at isolated collision events was compensated by a change in the representation of arm inertia. The compensation maintained an invariant estimate across modalities of the expected energy exchange with the environment. This invariance captures different types of dysmetria observed across individuals following prolonged exposure to a fixed intermodal temporal perturbation and provides a new interpretation for cerebellar ataxia.
Prediction error induced motor contagions in human behaviors
Authors: Ikegami Tsuyoshi , Ganesh Gowrishankar , Takeuchi Tatsuya , Nakamoto Hiroki
Published: May 2018

Motor contagions refer to implicit effects on one's actions induced by observed actions. Motor contagions are believed to be induced simply by action observation and cause an observer's action to become similar to the action observed. In contrast, here we report a new motor contagion that is induced only when the observation is accompanied by prediction errors - differences between actions one observes and those he/she predicts or expects. In two experiments, one on whole-body baseball pitching and another on simple arm reaching, we show that the observation of the same action induces distinct motor contagions, depending on whether prediction errors are present or not. In the absence of prediction errors, as in previous reports, participants' actions changed to become similar to the observed action, while in the presence of prediction errors, their actions changed to diverge away from it, suggesting distinct effects of action observation and action prediction on human actions.
A twist defect mechanism for ATP-dependent translocation of nucleosomal DNA
Authors: Winger Jessica , Nodelman Ilana M , Levendosky Robert F , Bowman Gregory D
Published: May 2018

As superfamily 2 (SF2)-type translocases, chromatin remodelers are expected to use an inchworm-type mechanism to walk along DNA. Yet how they move DNA around the histone core has not been clear. Here we show that a remodeler ATPase motor can shift large segments of DNA by changing the twist and length of nucleosomal DNA at superhelix location 2 (SHL2). Using canonical and variant 601 nucleosomes, we find that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Chd1 remodeler decreased DNA twist at SHL2 in nucleotide-free and ADP-bound states, and increased twist with transition state analogs. These differences in DNA twist allow the open state of the ATPase to pull in ~1 base pair (bp) by stabilizing a small DNA bulge, and closure of the ATPase to shift the DNA bulge toward the dyad. We propose that such formation and elimination of twist defects underlie the mechanism of nucleosome sliding by CHD-, ISWI-, and SWI/SNF-type remodelers.
Neurocranial anatomy of an enigmatic Early Devonian fish sheds light on early osteichthyan evolution
Authors: Clement Alice M , King Benedict , Giles Sam , Choo Brian , Ahlberg Per E , Young Gavin C , Long John A
Published: May 2018

The skull of ‘Ligulalepis’ from the Early Devonian of Australia (AM-F101607) has significantly expanded our knowledge of early osteichthyan anatomy, but its phylogenetic position has remained uncertain. We herein describe a second skull of ‘Ligulalepis’ and present micro-CT data on both specimens to reveal novel anatomical features, including cranial endocasts. Several features previously considered to link ‘Ligulalepis’ with actinopterygians are now considered generalized osteichthyan characters or of uncertain polarity. The presence of a lateral cranial canal is shown to be variable in its development between specimens. Other notable new features include the presence of a pineal foramen, the some detail of skull roof sutures, the shape of the nasal capsules, a placoderm-like hypophysial vein, and a chondrichthyan-like labyrinth system. New phylogenetic analyses place ‘Ligulalepis’ as a stem osteichthyan, specifically as the sister taxon to ‘psarolepids’ plus crown osteichthyans. The precise position of ‘psarolepids’ differs between parsimony and Bayesian analyses.
A surface proton antenna in carbonic anhydrase II supports lactate transport in cancer cells
Authors: Noor Sina Ibne , Jamali Somayeh , Ames Samantha , Langer Silke , Deitmer Joachim W , Becker Holger M
Published: May 2018

Many tumor cells produce vast amounts of lactate and acid, which have to be removed from the cell to prevent intracellular lactacidosis and suffocation of metabolism. In the present study, we show that proton-driven lactate flux is enhanced by the intracellular carbonic anhydrase CAII, which is colocalized with the monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Co-expression of MCTs with various CAII mutants in Xenopus oocytes demonstrated that CAII facilitates MCT transport activity in a process involving CAII-Glu69 and CAII-Asp72, which could function as surface proton antennae for the enzyme. CAII-Glu69 and CAII-Asp72 seem to mediate proton transfer between enzyme and transporter, but CAII-His64, the central residue of the enzyme’s intramolecular proton shuttle, is not involved in proton shuttling between the two proteins. Instead, this residue mediates binding between MCT and CAII. Taken together, the results suggest that CAII features a moiety that exclusively mediates proton exchange with the MCT to facilitate transport activity.
Agronomical, biochemical and histological response of resistant and susceptible wheat and barley under BYDV stress
Authors: Choudhury Shormin , Hu Hongliang , Larkin Philip , Meinke Holger , Shabala Sergey , Ahmed Ibrahim , Zhou Meixue
Published: May 2018

Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) is one of the major viruses causing a widespread and serious viral disease affecting cereal crops. To gain a better understanding of plant defence mechanisms of BYDV resistance genes (Bdv2 and RYd2) against BYDV-PAV infection, the differences in agronomical, biochemical and histological changes between susceptible and resistant wheat and barley cultivars were investigated. We found that root growth and total dry matter of susceptible cultivars showed greater reduction than that of resistant ones after infection. BYDV infected leaves in susceptible wheat and barley cultivars showed a significant reduction in photosynthetic pigments, an increase in the concentration of reducing sugar. The protein levels were also low in infected leaves. There was a significant increase in total phenol contents in resistant cultivars, which might reflect a protective mechanism of plants against virus infection. In phloem tissue, sieve elements (SE) and companion cells (CC) were severely damaged in susceptible cultivars after infection. It is suggested that restriction of viral movement in the phloem tissue and increased production of phenolic compounds may play a role in the resistance and defensive mechanisms of both Bdv2 and RYd2 against virus infection.
Estimation of different data compositions for early-season crop type classification
Authors: Hao Pengyu , Wu Mingquan , Niu Zheng , Wang Li , Zhan Yulin
Published: May 2018

Timely and accurate crop type distribution maps are an important inputs for crop yield estimation and production forecasting as multi-temporal images can observe phenological differences among crops. Therefore, time series remote sensing data are essential for crop type mapping, and image composition has commonly been used to improve the quality of the image time series. However, the optimal composition period is unclear as long composition periods (such as compositions lasting half a year) are less informative and short composition periods lead to information redundancy and missing pixels. In this study, we initially acquired daily 30 m Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series by fusing MODIS, Landsat, Gaofen and Huanjing (HJ) NDVI, and then composited the NDVI time series using four strategies (daily, 8-day, 16-day, and 32-day). We used Random Forest to identify crop types and evaluated the classification performances of the NDVI time series generated from four composition strategies in two studies regions from Xinjiang, China. Results indicated that crop classification performance improved as crop separabilities and classification accuracies increased, and classification uncertainties dropped in the green-up stage of the crops. When using daily NDVI time series, overall accuracies saturated at 113-day and 116-day in Bole and Luntai, and the saturated overall accuracies (OAs) were 86.13% and 91.89%, respectively. Cotton could be identified 40∼60 days and 35∼45 days earlier than the harvest in Bole and Luntai when using daily, 8-day and 16-day composition NDVI time series since both producer’s accuracies (PAs) and user’s accuracies (UAs) were higher than 85%. Among the four compositions, the daily NDVI time series generated the highest classification accuracies. Although the 8-day, 16-day and 32-day compositions had similar saturated overall accuracies (around 85% in Bole and 83% in Luntai), the 8-day and 16-day compositions achieved these accuracies around 155-day in Bole and 133-day in Luntai, which were earlier than the 32-day composition (170-day in both Bole and Luntai). Therefore, when the daily NDVI time series cannot be acquired, the 16-day composition is recommended in this study.
Tea cultivar classification and biochemical parameter estimation from hyperspectral imagery obtained by UAV
Authors: Tu Yexin , Bian Meng , Wan Yinkang , Fei Teng
Published: May 2018

It is generally feasible to classify different species of vegetation based on remotely sensed images, but identification of different sub-species or even cultivars is uncommon. Tea trees (Camellia sinensisL.) have been proven to show great differences in taste and quality between cultivars. We hypothesize that hyperspectral remote sensing would make it possibly to classify cultivars of plants and even to estimate their taste-related biochemical components. In this study, hyperspectral data of the canopies of tea trees were collected by hyperspectral camera mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Tea cultivars were classified according to the spectral characteristics of the tea canopies. Furthermore, two major components influencing the taste of tea, tea polyphenols (TP) and amino acids (AA), were predicted. The results showed that the overall accuracy of tea cultivar classification achieved by support vector machine is higher than 95% with proper spectral pre-processing method. The best results to predict the TP and AA were achieved by partial least squares regression with standard normal variant normalized spectra, and the ratio of TP to AA—which is one proven index for tea taste—achieved the highest accuracy (RCV= 0.66, RMSECV= 13.27) followed by AA (RCV= 0.62, RMSECV= 1.16) and TP (RCV= 0.58, RMSECV= 10.01). The results indicated that classification of tea cultivars using the hyperspectral remote sensing from UAV was successful, and there is a potential to map the taste-related chemical components in tea plantations from UAV platform; however, further exploration is needed to increase the accuracy.
LinearLepidopteran ambidensovirus1 sequences drive random integration of a reporter gene in transfectedSpodoptera frugiperdacells
Authors: Rizk Francine , Laverdure Sylvain , d’Alençon Emmanuelle , Bossin Hervé , Dupressoir Thierry
Published: May 2018

Background

TheLepidopteran ambidensovirus1 isolated fromJunonia coenia(hereafter JcDV) is an invertebrate parvovirus considered as a viral transduction vector as well as a potential tool for the biological control of insect pests. Previous works showed that JcDV-based circular plasmids experimentally integrate into insect cells genomic DNA.

Methods

In order to approach the natural conditions of infection and possible integration, we generated linear JcDV-gfpbased molecules which were transfected into non permissiveSpodoptera frugiperda(Sf9) cultured cells. Cells were monitored for the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and DNA was analyzed for integration of transduced viral sequences. Non-structural protein modulation of the VP-gene cassette promoter activity was additionally assayed.

Results

We show that linear JcDV-derived molecules are capable of long term genomic integration and sustained transgene expression inSf9cells. As expected, only the deletion of both inverted terminal repeats (ITR) or the polyadenylation signals ofNSandVPgenes dramatically impairs the global transduction/expression efficiency. However, all the integrated viral sequences we characterized appear “scrambled” whatever the viral content of the transfected vector. Despite a strong GFP expression, we were unable to recover any full sequence of the original constructs and found rearranged viral and non-viral sequences as well. Cellular flanking sequences were identified as non-coding ones. On the other hand, the kinetics of GFP expression over time led us to investigate the apparent down-regulation by non-structural proteins of the VP-gene cassette promoter.

Conclusion

Altogether, our results show that JcDV-derived sequences included in linear DNA molecules are able to drive efficiently the integration and expression of a foreign gene into the genome of insect cells, whatever their composition, provided that at least one ITR is present. However, the transfected sequences were extensively rearranged with cellular DNA during or after random integration in the host cell genome. Lastly, the non-structural proteins seem to participate in the regulation of p9 promoter activity rather than to the integration of viral sequences.