bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconciliation in Resignation: The 2015 Greek Referendum on the Lenders’ Conditions
Authors: SCHÖNHÄRL Korinna
Published: July 2022

On 5 July 2015, the Greek voters were presented with a referendum on the austeri‐ ty policy that the European institutions demanded Greece should implement. Over 60% answered “No”, a vote that, however, the Greek government of then Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras did not act according to this outcome. The paper argues that the memorandum nonetheless revealed a consensus among the Greeks that their country should remain a member of the eurozone and the European Union. It therefore contributed to a resigned conciliation of contrary societal forces under catastrophic economic conditions. The paper develops this hypothesis by analysing the political and economic circumstances of the referendum and the national re‐ membrance culture which was activated during the referendum’s campaign. In ad‐ dition, possible motives that led to Tsipras’ government proclaiming the referen‐ dum are discussed, especially in the field of party politics. The question of consti‐ tutionality is also discussed, as is the renewed victory of SYRIZA in the parliamen‐ tary elections in September 2015.
The French Referenda of 1992 and 2005: Towards Mainstream Euroscepticism?
Authors: WARLOUZET Laurent
Published: July 2022

This article contributes to the historical debate about the two French referenda of 1992 and 2005, the former on the Maastricht Treaty (a feeble “yes”) and the latter on the Constitutional Treaty (a resounding “no”), by adding three further elements that the passing of time has revealed. First, new sources on the history of European economic policies reveal the role of the rise of neoliberal policies, and hence of their major importance in the second referendum. Second, the perspective given by subsequent events, such as the Brexit vote, sheds light on two factors hardly men‐ tioned in studies about the 2005 referendum: the importance of the internet as a source of alternative information during the campaign, and the role played by a key pivotal figure - namely, a globalist associated with international liberalisation who eventually supported a Euroscepticist stance. Third, thanks to the 2005 referendum, Euroscepticism (to be differentiated from Europhobia) morphed into a mainstream ideology in France, including among part of the elite.
Eine Grounded Theory Solidarischer Ökonomie in Österreich. Strategien und Mechanismen sozial-ökologischer Transformation im Verständnis von Praxisakteur:innen
Authors: Exner Andreas
Published: July 2022

Bislang sind Theorien sozial-ökologischer Transformation häufig abstrakt und technologieorientiert. Auf Basis von Interviews mit Aktivist:innen Solidarischer Ökonomie in Österreich analysiert der Artikel, wie Praxisakteur:innen selbst den Stellenwert, die Entwicklungsdynamik und notwendige Strategien einer Transformation verstehen. Das zentrale Handlungsproblem Solidarischer Ökonomie besteht demnach darin, erfolgreich mit dem kapitalistischen System zu konkurrieren, sodass sich Solidarische Ökonomie zur dominierenden Wirtschaftsweise entwickelt. Dabei werden kurzfristige von längerfristigen Strategien unterschieden, die notwendig sind, um Hindernisse der Transformation zu überwinden.
Pemphigus Vulgaris
Authors: Su Kucuk Ozlem , Taşlidere Nazan
Published: July 2022

Pemphigus vulgaris is a life-threatening bullous disease characterized by acantholysis resulting in the formation of intraepithelial blebs in the mucous membranes and skin. It is a chronic autoimmune bullous dermatosis caused by the production of autoantibodies against desmoglein 1 and 3. It often begins with blisters and erosions on the oral mucosa, followed by lesions on other mucous membranes and drooping blisters that may spread to the skin. If there is clinical suspicion, the diagnosis can be confirmed by cytological examination, histopathological examination, direct and indirect immunofluorescence tests. Before the introduction of corticosteroids, PV was fatal due to dehydration or secondary systemic infections. The mainstay of treatment is still systemic steroids. Immunosuppressants such as azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil and methotrexate, high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins, CD20 monoclonal antibody Rituximab treatments are used as an adjuvant with steroids in suitable patients and successful results are obtained.
Purinergic Signaling in Covid-19 Disease
Authors: Shen Hailian
Published: July 2022

SARS-CoV-2 virus infection causes the Covid-19 disease pandemic. Purinergic signaling is a form of extracellular signaling. Purinergic signaling plays significant role in the pathology of Covid-19. Purinergic system includes extracellular nucleotides, nucleosides, ectonucleotidases, and purinergic receptors. ATP, ADP, and adenosine are the main nucleotides, nucleosides. CD39 and CD73 are the main ectonucleotidases. There are two classes of purinergic receptors, P1 and P2. Each of them can be further divided, P1 into A1, A2A, A2B, and A3, P2 into P2X, and P2Y. In Covid-19, the purinergic system is disordered. SARS-CoV-2 viruses invading leads to extracellular ATP and ADP accumulation, purinergic receptor abnormally activation, tissue homeostasis balance is broken, which lead to inflammation even hyperinflammation with cytokine storm and thrombosis et al. symptoms. Currently, Covid-19 therapeutic medicine is still in shortage. Target purinergic system components is a promising way to treat Covid-19, which will help inhibit inflammation and prevent thrombosis. Currently, many relevant preclinical and clinical trials are ongoing. Some are very promising.
Accidental Injury Analysis and Protection for Automated Vehicles
Authors: Zhao Jay , Scott Gayzik Francis
Published: July 2022

This chapter summarizes our recent research on accidental injury analysis and new passive restraint concepts for automated vehicle occupant protection. Recent trends to develop highly automated driving systems (ADS) may enable occupants to sit in non-conventional ways with various seating positions. Such seating position may subject occupants to 360 degree of principal direction of force (PDOF). Current government regulatory crash tests and evaluation standards known as New Car Assessment Programs (NCAP) and other motor safety regulations have been implemented in the automotive industry mainly for the protection of forward-facing seated occupants in frontal, side, and rollover vehicle crashes. Automated vehicles will pose challenges and opportunities for occupant protection. In addition, automation may lead to an increase in occupants from more diverse populations in crash conditions and seating arrangements. More studies are required to better understand the kinematics, injuries, and protection for the ADS occupants on other new seating positions and postures from various crashes. Our latest research focused on occupant injury risk analysis and new restraint concepts for the ADS occupants at different seating positions, especially at the side-facing seat. This chapter summarizes our major findings from the research, including occupant injury risk assessment methods, estimated injury patterns and severities at different PDOF and seating arrangements, as well as new restraint concepts for mitigation of the ADS occupant injures.
Perspective Chapter: Design and Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Achieving Electric Vehicle Takeoff, Flight, and Landing
Authors: Amin Ruhul , Muralidharan Nitin , Dixit Marm , Parejiya Anand , Essehli Rachid , Belharouak Ilias
Published: July 2022

Today, the burgeoning drive towards global urbanization with over half the earth’s population living in cities, has created major challenges with regards to intracity and intercity transit and mobility. This problem is compounded due to the fact that almost always urbanization and increase in standard of living drives individual automobile ownerships. Over 95% of automobiles are presently powered by some form of fossil fuel and as an unintended consequence, urban centers have also been centers for peak greenhouse gas emissions, a major contributor to global climate change. A revolutionary solution to this conundrum is flight capable electric automobiles or electric aerial vehicles that can tackle both urban mobility and climate change challenges. For such advanced electric platforms, energy storage and delivery component is the vital component towards achieving takeoff, flight, cruise, and landing. The requirements and duty cycle demands on the energy storage system is drastically different when compared to the performance metrics required for terrestrial electric vehicles. As the widely deployed lithium ion-based battery systems are often the primary go-to energy storage choice in electric vehicle related applications, it is imperative that performance metrics and specifications for such batteries towards areal electric vehicles need to be established. In this nascent field, there exists ample opportunities for battery material innovations, understanding degradation mechanism, battery design, development and deployment of battery control and management systems. Thus, this chapter comprehensively discusses battery requirements and identifies battery material chemistries suitable for handling aerial electric automobile duty cycles. The chapter also discusses the battery cell-level metrics pertaining to electrochemical, chemical, mechanical, and structural parameters. Furthermore, specific models for battery degradation, state of health (SOH), capacity and models for full cell performance and degradation are also discussed here. Finally, the chapter also discusses battery safety and future directions of batteries that would power these next generation urban electric aircrafts.
Temperature Based Agrometeorology Indices Variability in South Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Saifullah Muhammad , Adnan Muhammad , Arshad Muhammad , Waqas Muhammad , Mehmood Asif
Published: July 2022

Climate change has a major impact on crop yield all over the world. Pakistan is one of the major affected countries by climate change. The agrometeorology indices were determined for the South Punjab region, which is a hot spot for climate change and food security. This region is rich in agriculture, but crop yield relationship is estimated with agrometeorology indices (AMI). Temperature stress (33°C), average diurnal temperature range (12°C), Average accumulative growing degree days (1303°C), phototemperature (27°C) and nyctotemperature (21°C) indices were determined for Multan. The variation in diurnal temperature was found at 0.39 for Bahawalpur region and similar variation was observed in growing degree days, which is 0.11 more than the diurnal temperature range. The extreme of these indices which influence the crop yield was found in May and June. The cropping period from sowing to harvest varied due to climate change and cause to decrease in the yield of the crop. The indices are regarded as crop performance indicators. So, policymakers and agricultural scientists should take necessary measures to mitigate such kinds of challenges.
Mosquito Excito-Repellency: Effects on Behavior and the Development of Insecticide Resistance
Authors: J. Contreras-Perera Yamili , Martin-Park Abdiel , Puerta-Guardo Henry , Che-Mendoza Azael , Pérez-Carrillo Silvia , Pablo Rodríguez-Sánchez Irám , Manrique-Saide Pablo , Flores-Suarez Adriana
Published: July 2022

Mosquito’s resistance to avoiding insecticide-treated surfaces (“excito-repellency”) has two effects: irritation from direct contact with a treated area and repellency as an avoidance response to contact with treated surfaces. Nowadays, this behavior appears to reduce the success of mosquito control programs, particularly those based on insecticide-driven strategies. Different systems have been designed to assess the excito-repellency, evaluating numerous insecticides’ irritants, deterrents, and toxic properties at different concentrations. The information provides valuable insights regarding the patterns of mosquito behavior based on their physiological conditions, such as the age of the mosquitoes and the duration of the tests. However, the physiological processes resulting from chemical stimulus contact “chemoreception”) are still poorly explored and understood. This review provides an overview of insecticide effects on mosquito behavior and describes the mechanisms involved in chemical stimuli uptake, translation, and recognition.
Trans-facet Pedicle Sparing Approach Versus Transthoracic Approach for Thoracic Disc Disease: A Review of 19 Cases
Authors: Komlakh Khalil , Athari Mirbahador , Mohammadi Hassan Reza , Hasanzadeh Alireza , Mohammadzadeh Sevda , Beikmarzehei Alireza , Athari Mirbardia
Published: July 2022

Background: Thoracic disc herniation is a rare illness and is mainly asymptomatic. There are some surgical approaches to treat symptomatic patients, and none has absolute dominance over the others. For this reason, there is a debate between spine surgeons to decide which method could help these patients with better efficacy and safety. Objectives: To seek the potential differences between the two of these methods, the conventional anterior transthoracic and the more recent modified transfacet approaches, we conducted this study. Methods: This is a retrospective case-series study comparing the anterior transthoracic and the modified transfacet method; each of these approaches was preferred and performed by one surgery team. Patients were divided into two groups based on the procedure and assessed using Frankel’s Score, Visual Along Scale (VAS) Score, Short-Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36), and the spine functional index (SFI). Results: Eleven patients underwent a transthoracic approach, and eight patients had a posterior transfacet pedicle-sparing approach. The Frankel’s score improved at least one score in ten patients from the transthoracic group and seven patients from the transfacet pedicle-sparing group. No major difference was found between the two groups concerning SFI and SF-36 questionnaire. Conclusions: This study exhibited satisfying efficacy and safety of the modified transfacet pedicle-sparing method compared to the transthoracic approach. Both improved Frankel’s scores, SFI, and patients’ quality of life. Despite encountering some limitations, especially a small number of subjects, our study suggests that these surgical methods could be used efficiently considering the patient’s comorbidities, location of the herniated disc and its calcification, and experience and skill of the surgeon.
Development and Validation of COVID-19 Stress Scale (CSS) in an Iranian Non-clinical Population
Authors: Nooripour Roghieh , Ghanbari Nikzad , Radwin Laurel E. , Hosseinian Simin , Hassani-Abharian Peyman , Hosseinbor Mohsen , Kakabraee Keyvan , Amiri Majd Mojtaba , Brand Serge , Soleimani Esmaeil , Ilanloo Hossein
Published: July 2022

: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) generated profound concerns in public. However, few validated scales measure COVID-related stress. We developed and psychometrically assessed a unique COVID-19 Stress Scale (CSS) in an Iranian non-clinical population. The CSS was developed to evaluate the existing stress measures, specialists' reviews, and interviews with healthy individuals. Experts provided feedback on content validity. The correlation of CSS with the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) was evaluated to assess convergent validity. Moreover, construct validity and reliability were assessed. Seven items were found acceptable after experts' review. The online method was used to collect information due to the dangerous conditions of COVID-19 and traffic restrictions in Iran. The scale link was shared as an invitation on the virtual social network pages for people to respond. The statistical population of this study included all Iranian people aged 18 - 60. All 755 people, including 511 females and 244 males who completed the questionnaire online, were selected as a sample. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed a one-factor structure. Correlations between items were acceptable, with item-total correlations being 0.49 - 0.58. The CFA resulted in acceptable factor loadings and fit statistics. Internal consistency reliability was found as α = 0.74. Regarding convergent validity, CSS had moderate to strong correlations with the depression (r = 0.53), anxiety (r = 0.59), and stress (r = 0.64) subscales of DASS-21 (P < 0.05). The seven-item CSS demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties and can be a useful measure of research and evaluation. There is a need to test the scale's validity in a random sample and other nationalities.
This Side – The Other Side. Shifts in the Perception of Death. Alternatives and Changes in Modern Burial (antropo-bio & land-art)
Authors: Butkutė Ieva
Published: July 2022

In modern society, death is misunderstood: it is perceived as unusual, and people are afraid to talk about it. It is a phenomenon which originated in industrial society and has not changed until now. The fear is usually caused by the way ritual spaces and cemeteries are developed. Often, it is a utilitarian space which is not adapted to people. More precisely, cemeteries are understood as an objectionable urban space. An experiment was carried out in a specific location of the industrial park of Kėdainiai. Both of the spaces explored – cemeteries and industrial parks – are understood as “non-places” (Peter Osborne). This shows a symmetry between two unwanted urban spaces. The aim is to create two different processes, metamorphoses. One of them is the transformation of the human body to soil (antropo-bio) and the other one is a conversion of an industrial park and substitution of phosphogypsum by structural plaster. In other words, a site construction (landscape+ architecture=site construction, Rosalind Krauss) with two composts, two cycles has been created in the same site. The aim is to show that not only death does not mean the end and that it can become a new life, but also the ethics and aesthetics of transformation. Facing the current geological epoch, the Anthropocene, it is important to withstand consequences caused by the human being. The experiment showed how a non-destructive relation has been created between the human and the environment in a devalued space. Transformation to soil gives a meaning to the identification with nature and other species.
Age-Friendly
Authors: Chivers Sally
Published: July 2022

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Population
Authors: Katz Stephen
Published: July 2022

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Right cerebellar stroke with a right vertebral artery occlusion following an embolization of the right glomus tympanicum tumor: Case report with literature review
Authors: Kajtazi Naim I. , Manzoor Muhammad Usman , Ghamdi Juman Al , Zahrani Hanadi Al , Suwaidan Faisal Al , Qahtani Sultan Al , Bafaquh Mohammad
Published: July 2022

A 35-year-old female presented with episodes of frequent dizziness, ear fullness, and right ear tinnitus for 12 months. Head imaging revealed a right glomus tympanicum tumor. She underwent pre-operative endovascular embolization of the glomus tympanicum tumor with surgical, cyanoacrylate-based glue. Immediately after the procedure, she developed drowsiness and severe pain in the right temporal region. Further investigations revealed a right cerebellar stroke in the posterior inferior cerebellar artery territory. She was treated with intravenous heparin, followed by one year of oral anticoagulation. With rehabilitation, she significantly recovered from her post embolization stroke. However, the tumor was resected at another institution. Ten years later, follow-up imaging indicated a gradual increase in the size of the glomus jugulare tumor compressing the nearby critical vascular structures. She subsequently received radiation therapy to treat the residual tumor. Currently, she has no neurological deficit, but her mild dizziness, right ear tinnitus, and hearing impairment persist.
Influence of Cr interlayer with different thickness on transition of magnetoresistance effect of Gd/FeCo thin films
Authors: Zhang Yi-Wei , Song Heng-Bo , Li Xiao-Yan , Sun Li , Liu Xiao-Ying , Kou Zhao-Xia , Zhang Dong , Fei Hong-Yang , Zhao Zhi-Bin , Zhai Ya ,   College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China,   School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China,   School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
Published: July 2022

As one of the most representative features characterizing the spin valve structure, magnetoresistance is an important method to study the interlayer coupling in multilayers. Considering the induced magnetism of rare earth at room temperature due to the coupling and magnetic proximity effect in the structure of rare earth/magnetic transition metal, an intermediate nonmagnetic metal can be inserted to form the spin valve structure to regulate the interlayer coupling, which expands the scope of applications of rare earth in spintronics. In this work, the interlayer exchange coupling and interfacial effects of Gd (4 nm)/Cr (tCr)/FeCo (5 nm) trilayers with different Cr layer thickness (tCr) are studied by means of in plane magnetoresistance. Compared with FeCo film, Gd/FeCo film obtains more obvious anisotropic magnetoresistance. While the magnetoresistance value obtained for the configuration of I⊥H shows a minimum value at the peak due to the insertion of Cr layer, and this minimum value becomes more pronounced with the increase of tCr. When tCr = 3 nm, the negative spin valve effect almost totally overcomes the anisotropic-magnetoresistance effect. Different spin asymmetries of scattering that are formed in FeCo layer and Cr/Gd layers are mainly responsible for creating the negative spin valve magnetoresistance, in which the resistance becomes smaller near the coercive, while the resistance becomes larger at high field parallel to magnetic moment. The oscillation of magnetoresistance with tCr at I // H and the hysteresis loops at 5 K further confirm the existence of interlayer coupling both at room temperature and 5 K.
Magneto-electronic properties and manipulation effects of Fe-adsorbed Sb/WS2 heterostructure
Authors: He Xin , Li Xin-Yan , Li Jing-Hui , Zhang Zhen-Hua ,   Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
Published: July 2022

To study the induced magnetism mechanism and magneto-electronic properties of non-magnetic two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure adsorbing magnetic atoms, we construct Sb/WS2 heterostructure, and consider its adsorbed Fe atoms. The calculated adsorption energy shows that TW, VSb adsorption are the most likely positions for Fe atom adsorbed below and above the heterostructure, respectively, and TS_M adsorption is the most likely position for Fe atom adsorbed between two monolayers. The induced magnetism is due to the electron-spin rearrangement caused by the expansion of valence electronic configuration (VEC) and charge transfer after Fe atoms have been adsorbed. The TW adsorption and the TS_M adsorption make the nonmagnetic semiconducting heterostructure become a half-semiconductor (HSC), while VSb adsorption turns the heterostructure into a bipolar magnetic semiconductor (BMS). In particular, the calculated magnetized energy indicates that the interlayer TS_M adsorption leads the heterostructure to holding the highest magnetic stability, which is enough to resist the influence of thermal fluctuation at room temperature. Quantum manipulation can cause the heterostructure to produce abundant magnetism, especially the flexible change of magnetic phase. For example, the application of external electric field can give rise to the magnetic phase transition among HSC, HM (half-metal) and BMS for the heterostructure, and the vertical strain can make the heterostructure realize the magnetic phase transition among HSC, HM and MM (magnetic metal). This study shows that the heterostructure can increase the adsorption region of transition metal atoms (below, interlayer and above), so as to produce rich magnetism, especially for the interlayer adsorption of transition metals, its magnetic stability against temperature is significantly enhanced.
Narrowband near-ultraviolet photodetector fabricated from porous GaN/CuZnS heterojunction
Authors: Guo Yue , Sun Yi-Ming , Song Wei-Dong ,   School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529000, China,   School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
Published: July 2022

Narrowband photodetection systems are widely used in fluorescence detection, artificial vision and other fields. In order to realize the narrow spectral detection of special band, it is traditionally necessary to integrate broadband detectors with optical filters. However, with the development of detection technology, higher requirements have also been placed on the power consumption, size, and cost of the detection system, and the applications of traditional narrowband photodetectors with complex structures and high costs are limited. Thus, a filterless, narrowband near-ultraviolet photodetector based on a porous GaN/CuZnS heterojunction is demonstrated. The porous GaN thin films with low defect density and CuZnS thin films with high hole conductivity are fabricated by photoelectrochemical etching and water bath growth methods, respectively, and the porous GaN/CuZnS heterojunction near-ultraviolet photodetectors are thus fabricated. Benefiting from the porous structure of GaN and the optical filtering effect of CuZnS, the photo-dark current ratio of the device exceeds four orders of magnitudes under –2 V bias and 370 nm light illumination; more importantly, the device has an ultra-narrowband near-ultraviolet photoresponse with a full width at half maximum of <8 nm (peak at 370 nm). In addition, the peak responsivity, external quantum efficiency and specific detectivity reach 0.41 A/W, 138.6% and 9.8×1012 Jones, respectively. These excellent device performances show that the near-ultraviolet photodetectors based on porous GaN/CuZnS heterojunctions have broad application prospects in the field of narrow-spectrum ultraviolet photodetection.
UP-DOWN states and ripples differentially modulate membrane potential dynamics across DG, CA3, and CA1 in awake mice
Authors: Kajikawa Koichiro , Hulse Brad K , Siapas Athanassios G , Lubenov Evgueniy V
Published: July 2022

Hippocampal ripples are transient population bursts that structure cortico-hippocampal communication and play a central role in memory processing. However, the mechanisms controlling ripple initiation in behaving animals remain poorly understood. Here we combine multisite extracellular and whole-cell recordings in awake mice to contrast the brain state and ripple modulation of subthreshold dynamics across hippocampal subfields. We find that entorhinal input to the dentate gyrus (DG) exhibits UP and DOWN dynamics with ripples occurring exclusively in UP states. While elevated cortical input in UP states generates depolarization in DG and CA1, it produces persistent hyperpolarization in CA3 neurons. Furthermore, growing inhibition is evident in CA3 throughout the course of the ripple buildup, while DG and CA1 neurons exhibit depolarization transients 100 ms before and during ripples. These observations highlight the importance of CA3 inhibition for ripple generation, while pre-ripple responses indicate a long and orchestrated ripple initiation process in the awake state.
BK channel properties correlate with neurobehavioral severity in three KCNMA1-linked channelopathy mouse models
Authors: Park Su Mi , Roache Cooper E , Iffland Philip H , Moldenhauer Hans J , Matychak Katia K , Plante Amber E , Lieberman Abby G , Crino Peter B , Meredith Andrea
Published: July 2022

KCNMA1 forms the pore of BK K+ channels, which regulate neuronal and muscle excitability. Recently, genetic screening identified heterozygous KCNMA1 variants in a subset of patients with debilitating paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia, presenting with or without epilepsy (PNKD3). However, the relevance of KCNMA1 mutations and the basis for clinical heterogeneity in PNKD3 has not been established. Here, we evaluate the relative severity of three KCNMA1 patient variants in BK channels, neurons, and mice. In heterologous cells, BKN999S and BKD434G channels displayed gain-of-function (GOF) properties, whereas BKH444Q channels showed loss-of-function (LOF) properties. The relative degree of channel activity was BKN999S > BKD434G>WT > BKH444Q. BK currents and action potential firing were increased, and seizure thresholds decreased, in Kcnma1N999S/WT and Kcnma1D434G/WT transgenic mice but not Kcnma1H444Q/WT mice. In a novel behavioral test for paroxysmal dyskinesia, the more severely affected Kcnma1N999S/WT mice became immobile after stress. This was abrogated by acute dextroamphetamine treatment, consistent with PNKD3-affected individuals. Homozygous Kcnma1D434G/D434G mice showed similar immobility, but in contrast, homozygous Kcnma1H444Q/H444Q mice displayed hyperkinetic behavior. These data establish the relative pathogenic potential of patient alleles as N999S>D434G>H444Q and validate Kcnma1N999S/WT mice as a model for PNKD3 with increased seizure propensity.
Human muscle spindles are wired to function as controllable signal-processing devices
Authors: Dimitriou Michael
Published: July 2022

Muscle spindles are encapsulated sensory organs found in most of our muscles. Prevalent models of sensorimotor control assume the role of spindles is to reliably encode limb posture and movement. Here, I argue that the traditional view of spindles is outdated. Spindle organs can be tuned by spinal γ motor neurons that receive top-down and peripheral input, including from cutaneous afferents. A new model is presented, viewing γ motor activity as an intermediate coordinate transformation that allows multimodal information to converge on spindles, creating flexible coordinate representations at the level of the peripheral nervous system. That is, I propose that spindles play a unique overarching role in the nervous system: that of a peripheral signal-processing device that flexibly facilitates sensorimotor performance, according to task characteristics. This role is compatible with previous findings and supported by recent studies with naturalistically active humans. Such studies have so far shown that spindle tuning enables the independent preparatory control of reflex muscle stiffness, the selective extraction of information during implicit motor adaptation, and for segmental stretch reflexes to operate in joint space. Incorporation of advanced signal-processing at the periphery may well prove a critical step in the evolution of sensorimotor control theories.
Analysis of allelic cross-reactivity of monoclonal IgG antibodies by a multiplexed reverse FluoroSpot assay
Authors: Hoffmann-Veltung Henriette , Anabire Nsoh Godwin , Ofori Michael Fokuo , Janhmatz Peter , Ahlborg Niklas , Hviid Lars , Quintana Maria del Pilar
Published: July 2022

The issue of antibody cross-reactivity is of central importance in immunology, and not least in protective immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria, where key antigens show substantial allelic variation (polymorphism). However, serological analysis often does not allow the distinction between true cross-reactivity (one antibody recognizing multiple antigen variants) and apparent cross-reactivity (presence of multiple variant-specific antibodies), as it requires analysis at the single B-cell/monoclonal antibody level. ELISpot is an assay that enables that, and a recently developed multiplexed variant of ELISpot (FluoroSpot) facilitates simultaneous assessment of B-cell/antibody reactivity to several different antigens. In this study, we present a further enhancement of this assay that makes direct analysis of monoclonal antibody-level cross-reactivity with allelic variants feasible. Using VAR2CSA-type PfEMP1—a notoriously polymorphic antigen involved in the pathogenesis of placental malaria—as a model, we demonstrate the robustness of the assay and its applicability to analysis of true cross-reactivity of monoclonal VAR2CSA-specific antibodies in naturally exposed individuals. The assay is adaptable to the analysis of other polymorphic antigens, rendering it a powerful tool in studies of immunity to malaria and many other diseases.
Lectio inauguralis: Saber escuchar los silencios de la Biblia
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Noll Sonja
Published: July 2022

Los autores de artículos aceptados en Teología y Vida conservan los derechos de propiedad intelectual sobre sus trabajos y otorgan a la revista los permisos de distribución y comunicación pública de los mismos, consintiendo que se publiquen bajo una licencia Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) 4.0 Internacional, que se otorga por todo el plazo de protección de la obra y con un carácter no exclusivo. La única limitación para el autor es que sólo podrá otorgar licencias no exclusivas sobre su obra. Esta licencia no permite la generación de obras derivadas ni hacer un uso comercial de la obra original, es decir, sólo son posibles los usos y finalidad que no tengan carácter comercial. Se recomienda a los autores publicar su trabajo en Internet (por ejemplo en páginas institucionales o personales, repositorios, etc.) respetando las condiciones de esta licencia y citando debidamente la fuente original.
Rosario Athié - Javier Ros Codoñer, Subsidiarieda. Familia, comunidad y sociedad política
Authors:   Universidad Panamericana. Sede Guadalajara. México, Gómez Ruiz Maria Jose
Published: July 2022

Los autores de artículos aceptados en Teología y Vida conservan los derechos de propiedad intelectual sobre sus trabajos y otorgan a la revista los permisos de distribución y comunicación pública de los mismos, consintiendo que se publiquen bajo una licencia Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) 4.0 Internacional, que se otorga por todo el plazo de protección de la obra y con un carácter no exclusivo. La única limitación para el autor es que sólo podrá otorgar licencias no exclusivas sobre su obra. Esta licencia no permite la generación de obras derivadas ni hacer un uso comercial de la obra original, es decir, sólo son posibles los usos y finalidad que no tengan carácter comercial. Se recomienda a los autores publicar su trabajo en Internet (por ejemplo en páginas institucionales o personales, repositorios, etc.) respetando las condiciones de esta licencia y citando debidamente la fuente original.
Clinical Profile and Outcome Analysis among Patients with Urosepsis at a Tertiary Care Centre: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Murugan P Puvai , Iyyan A Bhalaguru
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Urosepsis is a systemic reaction of the body to a bacterial infection of the urogenital organs with the risk of lifethreatening complications including septic shock. Aim: To assess the profile of patients with urosepsis and to analyse outcomes in patient management at a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, single-centre study was conducted between January 2015 and December 2019 including patients of either sex, aged ≥20 to <80 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of urosepsis. Clinical report forms were reviewed to obtain patient characteristics (including age, sex, co-morbid conditions and clinical data). Blood, pus, urine culture data were evaluated to identify the source of infection. Details of upper and lower urinary tract symptoms and their imaging and urological intervention done were also recorded. Results: A total of 582 patients with urosepsis were included in this study. The majority of patients belonged to the age group of 41 to 60 years (n=315). The most frequent radiological diagnosis was infected hydronephrosis with calculus disease (n=237). The associated co-morbid conditions contributing to the perpetuation of urosepsis were Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), systemic hypertension, chronic kidney disease, decompensated liver disease, neurological disease, and coronary artery disease. Escherichia coli was the most commonly observed uropathogen (57.90%) in this study. Bilateral Double-J (DJ) stenting was usually preferred in patients with infected hydronephrosis and acute pyelonephritis (n=85, 76.58%). The insertion of a suprapubic catheter was more frequent among patients with obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms. Multivariate analysis showed that urosepsis with emphysematous pyelonephritis, uncontrolled diabetes, and persistent hypotension inspite of inotropic agents had a prolonged intensive care unit and higher mortality rate. Conclusion: Renal salvage is achievable in majority of cases with early surgical intervention, either DJ stenting or percutaneous nephrostomy. Suprapubic catheterisation is indicated in urosepsis patients with predominant lower urinary tract symptoms. An early diagnosis and an appropriate treatment can reduce the costs of hospitalisation, morbidity, mortality and better outcome.
Folate Mediated One Carbon Metabolism in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Palaskar Sangeeta Jayant , Mukkanwar Rutuja Narsing , Joshi Kalpana
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most prevalent cancers of upper aerodigestive tract, with squamous cell carcinomas accounting for the majority of cases. Vitamin B such as folate has been associated with carcinogenesis. Folate is essential for one carbon metabolism, which involves the transfer of one carbon units for Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) production, amino acid metabolism and methylation. Aim: To evaluate the association of folate mediated One carbon metabolism with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). Materials and Methods: For this systematic review, Electronic bibliographic databases search of PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus was done. The electronic search was performed between November 15th to November 30th, 2020 by two researchers independently. All original research, observational studies, full text articles, in which blood samples or questionnaires or both, focused on the assessment of folate mediated one carbon metabolism in HNSCC, published upto November 2020 were reviewed. Four studies published from 2005 to 2019 were included in which three studies were case-control and one study was a comparative cross-sectional study. This systematic review was carried out by two reviewers, using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) checklist and the New Castle Ottawa Scale (NOS) for quality assessment. Results: In this systematic review, total of four studies included, had 1504 HNSCC patients and 2970 Controls. One study was reported from Nigeria, one from the European countries, one from Japan, and one from the United States of America (USA). One study had a quality score of 8 whereas 3 studies had 7, considering all the four studies included are of good quality. Conclusion: Significant low levels of serum folate was present in HNSCC when compared to controls. Serum folate levels can differ due to tumor growth and subsequent metabolic changes, or they may precede and accelerate tumor progression.
Outcomes and Learning Curve in Total Extraperitoneal Hernia Repair: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Maheshwari Sarvesh , Gupta Neelkamal , Jagtap Saurabh , Sharma Brijesh Kumar
Published: July 2022

Introduction: A hernia surgery can be performed via the classical open technique, or laparoscopically. However, the later techniques i.e, total extraperitoneal repair and transabdominal preperitoneal techniquesare allied to a steep learning curve. Aim: To define the learning curve associated with a Total Extraperitoneal (TEP) in inguinal hernia repair. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Department of Surgery at Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, from January 2018 and January 2022. Total 125 patients with inguinal hernia posted for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair by a TEP technique, to assess the learning curve using the moving average method. Two surgeons i.e, surgeon 1 (assessee, junior surgeon) and surgeon 2 (assessor, senior surgeon) were chosen. The learning curve was assessed for surgeon 1, who was a general laparoscopic surgeon, not performing laparoscopic hernia repair, while surgeon 2 was regularly performing laparoscopic hernia repairs. A direct comparison was made, based on operative time, peritoneal laceration, vascular injury, conversionrates, hospital stay and complications. Results: Out of 125 patients, 50 patients were operated by the surgeon1 and 75 were operated by surgeon 2. Mean operating time by surgeon 2 was 52±4.5 minutes, and 66±4.18 minutes for surgeon 1 with a p-value of 0.0005. This was the only statistically significant variable, while hospital stay and surgical complications like peritoneal laceration, vascular injury or conversions to TAPP were statistically insignificant (p-value <0.05). Surgeon 1 (assessee) required to perform 10 TEP surgeries to overcome the learning curve. Oral intake was started at mean of postoperative day 1.08±0.32 for surgeon 1 and 1.04±0.20 for surgeon 2. Full diet was initiated on postoperative day 1.5±0.5 for senior surgeon, while 2.08±0.8 days for the junior surgeon. Conclusion: Surgeons with a prior experience in laparoscopic surgery needs a shorter learning curve ascompared to a beginner in laparoscopic surgery, when it comes to laparoendoscopic groin hernia repair.
The Effect of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) Sweetener Addition on Physical Quality of Synbiotic Yoghurt Containing Extract of Evaporated Red Dragon Fruit Peels (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Authors: Nurdyanto Rifky Deftian , Sawitri Manik Eirry , Manab Abdul
Published: July 2022

This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya from August to October 2021. Synbiotic yoghurt is a combination of probiotics and prebiotics, so adding stevia sweetener can improve the physical quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding stevia sweetener to synbiotic yoghurt of evaporated red dragon fruit peel extract in terms of physical quality. The research method used is a laboratory experiment using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) pattern with four treatments and five replications. The percentage treatment of stevia sweetener carried out was the control treatment 0% (T0), 0.5% (T1), 2% (T2), 3.5% (T3). The analysis results showed that stevia sweetener concentration added a very significant difference (T<0.01) to pH, syneresis, and color L*a*b. However, it did not have a significant effect (P>0.05) on the water holding capacity. Based on the results of the research conducted, it can be concluded that the treatment with physical quality as the best treatment was T1 with the addition of 0.5% stevia sweetener with an average pH 4.15; syneresis 27.11%; water holding capacity 71.33%, and color L value 38.38; a value 13.46; b value 4.60. The physical quality of synbiotic yoghurt with the addition of 0.5% Stevia sweetener complies with SNI 2981:2009, and the use of 0.5% Stevia percentage is more efficient than the other percentage additions.
Perceived Gratification, Difficulties and Suggestion among the Registered Farmers of Integrated Technology Enabled Agri Management System (iTEAMS), Meghalaya, India
Authors: Passah Nikky , Bhuvaneswari S. Srivara Buddhi , Sebastian Shibi , Selvi R. Gangai
Published: July 2022

The 1917 iTEAMS (Integrated Technology Enabled Agri Management System) is an initiative by the government of Meghalaya employing ICT to fulfil its objectives of providing organised evacuation logistics, access to markets and agro-advisories to the farmers upon registering with them. According to the recent data, a total of 84,246 farmers are registered with iTEAMS so far. The present study was conducted to understand the perceived gratification, difficulties and suggestions among the registered farmers of iTEAMS. Empirical data were collected from 120 registered farmers from Ri bhoi district of Meghalaya, India. Findings of the study reveal the majority of farmers were satisfied with the timing of the services offered by iTEAMS, followed by the services provided by the centre to them during the Covid-19 lockdown, in the sale of their produce. The farmers' biggest challenge, according to the findings, was a lack of understanding of how the centre worked. Farmers also expressed a lack of interest in availing of the services. It was observed that the farmers were not completely aware of iTEAMS and there was a lack of interest among the farmers to avail the services. There is a need to spread awareness not just about ICT among the farmers but also about the very many benefits that can be drawn from employing it.
Human and Wildlife Co-existence in Mbomipa, Iringa, Tanzania: Is it a Long-lasting and Equitable Equilibrium?
Authors: Mdete Janeth , Mbije Nsajigwa Emmanuel
Published: July 2022

Matumizi Bora ya Malihai Idodi na Pawaga (Mbomipa) is among the community-based wildlife management approaches (WMA) within the Ruaha-Rungwa Ecosystem. The major purpose is to promote wildlife conservation among communities living adjacent to the ecosystem. This study was conducted around MBOMIPA in four villages of Tungamalenga, Mapogoro (in Idodi Division), Itunundu and Kinyika (in Pawaga Division) to assess the effectiveness of the approach in biodiversity conservation and its contribution to local communities’ livelihoods. Data were collected through questionnaire survey, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. The Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. The results showed that there was a significant difference (Chi-square; p<0.05) in responses towards community awareness on biodiversity activities and their contribution to biodiversity conservation; whereby the majority of the respondents were aware of biodiversity conservation.. The study found that majority of the respondents participated in conservation activities through reporting illegal activities, rescuing animals, scaring animals, tree planting and anti-poaching control. Furthermore, the study found that local communities benefited from the MBOMIPA WMA, although their primary source of income was linked to agricultural activities. Revenue and employment opportunities obtained from investors were among the benefits local community gained. The study concludes that it is important to involve communities in the management of wildlife within their localities. Finally, the study is contribution towards understanding functioning of the wildlife management areas in the face of increasing human population associated with economic activities such as agriculture and pastoralism.
Pala'wan "Sudsugid" Stories and their Viability in Developing Story Books for Indigenous People Education (IPED)
Authors: Cansino Jerone Avel S. , Sagucio Donnabelle E. , Amerhasan Esmaira C. , Lundani Analene S. , Adda Mary Rose M. , Midlina Rowena M.
Published: July 2022

This study documents “sudusugid” oral literature in a community in Sitio Tagbituka, Brgy. Tarusan, Bataraza. The researchers accomplished it by using a qualitative approach in the form of narrative research. Community elders served as key informants for this study. During the site visits from April 26 to May 20, 2022, ten (10) "sudsugid" stories were told by the key informants but mentioned that not all of them are appropriate to be developed into storybooks for elementary learners as some of them have inappropriate themes. From the ten stories presented by the key informants, they have suggested two stories that could be developed as storybooks. Results also indicate how each individual story reflects the Pala'wan culture, such as their cosmology and value system.