bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA MULTICULTURALIDAD Y EL DESARROLLO DEL TALENTO CON RELACIÓN A LA COMPETITIVIDAD EMPRESARIAL
Authors: Lucero Acosta Jesús Manuel
Published: July 2022

La investigación que se presenta tiene como justificación la búsqueda de competitividad en las organizaciones, que puede surgir de diferentes modelos y uno de los menos investigados en la ciencia es sobre el capital humano y social, dado su complejidad y evolución constante. Esto recae en la necesidad de las organizaciones de buscar como capitalizar estos recursos y aprovechar las ventajas que le pueda brindar sobre la competencia. Como objetivo de este estudio, es la identificación teórica de la multiculturalidad y el desarrollo del talento humano para mostrar por medio de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales su relación con la competitividad empresarial. En la metodología que se utilizó en esta investigación fue transversal, analizando el enfoque cuantitativo, y las relaciones de reciprocidad entre las diferentes variables. Se presenta un modelo grafico con base en análisis de ecuaciones estructurales para la competitividad empresarial. Los resultados más importantes que se obtienen con los coeficientes estructurales es permitir determinar en qué medida el desarrollo del talento humano, así como la multiculturalidad tiene un impacto significativo con relaciones positivas en la competitividad empresarial. Para el análisis, en el caso los constructos del desarrollo del talento humano con liderazgo, habilidades individuales y planificación muestran valores positivos con las estimaciones estandarizadas de la regresión, lo que implica que estos factores tienen una asociación significativa para lograr el desarrollo del talento humano. Al igual la multiculturalidad con la identidad multicultural, la equidad étnica y la política de reconocimiento, presentan valores positivos de la regresión, por consiguiente, se demuestra relación de los constructos con la variable de multiculturalidad en el reconocimiento de la identificación de dicha variable. Lo cual permite concluir sobre la importancia de la necesidad de consolidación de estos capitales en las organizaciones para el beneficio de estas.
FACULTADES DISCRECIONALES DEL SAT EN DEDUCCIONES PERSONALES Y DERECHOS HUMANOS
Authors: Caamal Moo Zoila del Rosario , Del Ángel González Alberto
Published: July 2022

En el presente trabajo de investigación se tiene como principal objetivo el poder analizar las diferentes actuaciones que tiene el Servicio de Administración Tributaria, identificar las facultades discrecionales y conocer que tanto afecta los derechos humanos de las personas físicas que tributan en el país. La autoridad en busca de su propio beneficio, se permite hacer uso de facultades que exceden el poder que les otorga la ley en perjuicio del bienestar de la persona física, todo esto lo podemos observar con las diversas sentencias que han llevado a cabo los contribuyentes cuando las autoridades quieren limitar los estímulos violentando sus derechos.
Comparison of global UV spectral irradiance measurements between a BTS CCD-array and a Brewer spectroradiometer
Authors: González Carmen , Vilaplana José M. , Bogeat José A. , Serrano Antonio
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Spectral measurements of UV irradiance are of great
importance for protecting human health as well as for supporting
scientific research. To perform these measurements, double monochromator
scanning spectroradiometers are the preferred devices thanks to their
linearity and stray-light reduction. However, because of their high cost and demanding maintenance, CCD-array-based spectroradiometers are increasingly used for monitoring UV irradiance. Nevertheless, CCD-array
spectroradiometers have specific limitations, such as a high detection
threshold or stray-light contamination. To overcome these challenges,
several manufacturers are striving to develop improved instrumentation. In
particular, Gigahertz-Optik GmbH has developed the stray-light-reduced
BTS2048-UV-S spectroradiometer series (hereafter “BTS”). In this
study, the long-term performance of the BTS and its seasonal behavior,
regarding global UV irradiance, was assessed. To carry out the
analysis, BTS irradiance measurements were compared against
measurements from the Brewer MK-III #150 scanning spectrophotometer during
three campaigns. A total of 711 simultaneous spectra, measured under
cloud-free conditions and covering a wide range of solar zenith angles (SZAs; from
14 to 70∘) and UV indexes (from 2.4 to 10.6), were used
for the comparison. During the three measurement campaigns, the global UV
spectral ratio BTS / Brewer was almost constant (at around 0.93) in the
305–360 nm region for SZAs below 70∘.
Thus, the BTS calibration was stable during the whole period of study (∼ 1.5 years). Likewise, it showed no significant seasonal or SZA dependence
in this wavelength region. Regarding the UV index, a good correlation
between the BTS and the Brewer #150 was found, i.e., the dynamic range of
the BTS is comparable to that of the Brewer #150. These results confirm
the quality of the long-term performance of the BTS array spectroradiometer
in measuring global UV irradiance.
Controls on autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration in an ombrotrophic bog
Authors: Rankin Tracy E. , Roulet Nigel T. , Moore Tim R.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Northern peatlands are globally significant carbon stores, but the
sink strength may vary from year-to-year due to variations in environmental
and biogeochemical conditions. This variation is mainly brought about by
changes in primary production and in autotrophic respiration (AR;
respiration by plant parts), components that we understand reasonably well.
Heterotrophic respiration (HR; respiration by the soil microbial community,
mycorrhizal fungi, etc.), on the other hand, is crudely measured and
simulated, which may lead to biased estimates if a change favours one form
of respiration over another. HR has only recently been shown to be more
intimately linked to vegetation dynamics than once thought, particularly in
wetter, oligotrophic, sedge-dominated ecosystems. The objective of this
study is to determine the factors that relate to the spatial and temporal
variability in respiration and its autotrophic and heterotrophic components
in an ombrotrophic bog (Mer Bleue) where woody shrubs are dominant and to
see if the more dynamic nature of HR in sedges also exists in this bog. Plot
level measurements using manual chambers were used to partition respiration
from both the dominant shrubs and the sparse sedges at the site, and the
controls on respiration were explored by measuring a variety of
environmental variables, such as air and soil temperatures (T) and water
table (WT) depth. Results show that AR and HR correlate primarily with air
and soil T, with WT depth playing an important role in some cases, and that
a higher variability in respiration exists for the shrub plots than the
sedge plots, especially when WT levels are more variable. Our findings also
show that a plant's response to changes in climate is related to the plants'
root structure, which indicates different mechanisms of obtaining water
resources and utilizing associations with other plants around them. These
results will improve our understanding of peatland carbon cycling, as well
as improve the conceptualization of HR.
The hydrological cycle of the Maritime Continent in the mid-Pliocene: results from PlioMIP2
Authors: Ren Xin , Hendy Erica , Lunt Dan
Published: July 2022

The Maritime Continent (MC) forms the western boundary of the tropical Pacific Ocean, and relatively small changes in this region could impact the climate locally and remotely. In the mid-Pliocene (3.264 Ma and 3.025 Ma BP), atmospheric CO2 concentrations were ∼ 400 ppm, and the subaerial Sunda and Sahul shelves made the land-sea distribution of the MC different to today. These two effects, combined with other forcings, are therefore expected to have driven a substantial climate signal in MC region. By using the results the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (PlioMIP2) we study the mean climatic features of the MC in the mid-Pliocene, and the changes in Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). Results show a warmer and wetter climate of the MC and lower sea surface salinity. Another feature is enhanced easterlies over the western tropical Pacific Ocean which may result from the westward shift of the Pacific Walker Circulation and the intensified Southern Hemisphere Subtropical High pressure system. Furthermore, we quantify the volume transfer through the ITF; although the ITF may be expected to be hindered by the subaerial shelves, 7 out of 9 models show an increased volume transport.
In order to avoid undue influence from closely-related models, we introduce a new metric - the multi-cluster mean (MCM), based on cluster analysis of the individual models. We compare the MCM to the more traditional multi-model mean (MMM) and individual models by quantifying the discrepancy between model results and reconstructed proxy data. The result shows that the MCM can reproduce sea surface temperature better than more than half of the PlioMIP2 models in both the pre-industrial experiment and the mid-Pliocene experiment. The clusters include spatial signals that are not captured by the MMM, so the MCM  provides us with a new way to illustrate the results from multiple models.
Large-number detrital zircon U-Pb ages reveal global cooling caused formation of Chinese Loess Plateau during Late Miocene
Authors: Zhang Hanzhi , Lu Huayu , He Jing , Xie Wanting , Wang Hanlin , Zhang Honhyan , Breecker Daniel , Bird Anna , Stevens Thomas , Nie Junsheng , Li Gaojun
Published: July 2022

The formation of the unique landscape of Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is debated because of uncertainties on dust provenance and transport pathways. We present a detailed quantitative estimation of dust source contributions of the CLP, based on more than 37,100 detrital zircon U-Pb ages, combined with mineral assemblages and isotope analyses. Our results reveal that the CLP was stepwise formed by ~8 Ma, and is mainly composed of material from Northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (NQTP), with increased dust contributions from NQTP occurring at ~2.5 Ma and ~1.2 Ma, and the CLP was formally established. We infer that these changes were driven by stepwise global cooling, which induced aridification and enhanced silt production in glaciated high mountains, the NQTP, as well as dust ablation in the expanded arid regions. We propose that the global cooling, rather than regional tectonic deformation, was the main driver of the formation and evolution of the CLP.
Past terrestrial hydroclimate sensitivity controlled by Earth System Feedbacks
Authors: Feng Ran , Bhattacharya Tripti ,   PlioMIP2 colleagues
Published: July 2022

Despite tectonic conditions and atmospheric CO2 levels (pCO2) similar to those of present-day, geological reconstructions from the mid-Pliocene (3.3-3.0 Ma) document high lake levels in the Sahel and mesic conditions in subtropical Eurasia, suggesting drastic reorganizations of subtropical terrestrial hydroclimate during this interval. Here, using a compilation of proxy data and multi-model paleoclimate simulations, we show that the mid-Pliocene hydroclimate state is not driven by direct CO2 radiative forcing but by a loss of northern high-latitude ice sheets and continental greening. These ice sheet and vegetation changes are long-term Earth system feedbacks to elevated pCO2. Further, the moist conditions in the Sahel and subtropical Eurasia during the mid-Pliocene are a product of enhanced tropospheric humidity and a stationary wave response to the surface warming pattern, which varies strongly with land cover changes. These findings highlight the potential for amplified terrestrial hydroclimate responses over long timescales to a sustained CO2 forcing.
Sustained mid-Pliocene warmth led to deep water formation in the North Pacific
Authors: Ford Heather L. , Burls Natalie J. , Jacobs Peter , Jahn Alexandra , Caballero-Gill Rocio P. , Hodell David A. , Fedorov Alexey
Published: July 2022

Geologic intervals of sustained warmth such as the mid-Pliocene warm period can inform our understanding of future climate change, including the long-term consequences of oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon. Here we generate carbon isotope records and synthesize existing records to reconstruct the position of water masses and determine circulation patterns in the deep Pacific Ocean. We show that the mid-depth carbon isotope gradient in the North Pacific was reversed during the mid-Pliocene in comparison to today, which implies water flowed from north to south and deep-water formation likely formed in the subarctic North Pacific Deep Water. An isotopically enabled climate model that simulates this North Pacific Deep Water reproduces a similar carbon isotope pattern. Modelled levels of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) content in the North Pacific decreases slightly,  though the amount of carbon stored in the ocean actually increases by 1.6% relative to modern due to an increase in DIC in the surface ocean. Although the modelled Pliocene ocean maintains a carbon budget similar to the present, the change in deep ocean circulation configuration causes pronounced downstream changes in biogeochemistry.
Hydroenvironmental impacts of Pliocene climate variability in parts of Niger Delta basin, Nigeria
Authors: Okoyeh Elizabeth , Ahaneku Chibuzo
Published: July 2022

The impact of climate variability in Niger Delta Basin is enormous and poses unimaginable negative effects on the land and water environment of the area. The significant increase in temperature of 0.190C, high degree of variation in the on-set and cessation of rainfall resulting in substantial variation in annual rainfall amount of 2000mm has left negative imprint in the environment of the area. The increase in temperature and rainfall amount occasioned by variation in climatic condition of the Pliocene to recent results in hydroenvironmental extreme events of flooding, gully erosion and landslide with deterioration of water quality/quantity and degradation of the land. Over 580 active gully erosion sites have been identified in different parts of the basin with depth of about 75m and width of more than 20m in some places. The dimensions of the gullies increase with each rainy season silting surface water bodies and exposing shallow aquifers. The impacts of climate variability exacerbate water scarcity and development of bad land with implications on food security and public health in the area.  These are common triggers of communal conflict resulting in loss of live, properties and means of livelihood. The influence of variability in climate system is gender sensitive with significant effect on women and children in the rural area. The impact of the uncertainty of the climate system from Pliocene is aggravated by geogenic as well as anthropogenic activities in the basin to affect sustainable development. Varieties of plant and animal species and wildlife have been terminally-lost; by which all losses affecting parts of the Tropics of African countries are trending fast to an emerging regional biotic extinction within the Pliocene age. Integrated approach in Pliocene related research is recommended for better understanding of the climate system for the actualization of global sustainable development. 
Early to Late Pliocene climate change at mid-latitudinal North Atlantic Site U1313
Authors: Voelker Antje , Pang Xiaolei , Zhou Liping , Andersen Nils , Kuhnert Henning
Published: July 2022

The early Pliocene, with atmospheric CO2 concentrations at levels similar to today, is seen as a case study for Earth’s future climate evolution. During this period the progressive closing of the Central American Seaway led to increased poleward heat and salt transport within the Atlantic with North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) becoming warmer and saltier and resulting in an enhanced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). To evaluate the stability of the Pliocene AMOC, we are producing centennial-scale surface and deep-water records for IODP Site U1313 (41°N, 33°W, 3412m) for the interval from 3.3 to 4.4 Ma. This site is ideally located to monitor past AMOC changes with North Atlantic Drift waters at the surface and NADW, exported by the deep western boundary current, in the deep. Surface water variations are reconstructed based on the stable isotope data of the planktonic foraminifer genus Globigerinoides sp. and on Mg/Ca derived temperatures during the late Pliocene, whereas deep-water changes are revealed by the stable isotope records of the benthic foraminifer genus Cibicidoides. Besides the interglacial/glacial cycles, higher frequency oscillations are recorded in the foraminiferal records. Varying surface water conditions, especially during Late Pliocene interglacial periods, are observed and we will use the pending Mg/Ca temperature data to assess if they are linked to salinity changes. The high-frequency oscillations are related to precession forcing, especially its harmonics in the 5.5 kyr and 11 kyr ranges. The benthic δ13C values indicate nearly continuous NADW presence and confirm a strong AMOC throughout the studied interval, also during most of the glacial periods. During the early Pliocene, glacial stage Gi 6 had a stronger impact on the AMOC than Gi 2 and Gi 4. Overall, the AMOC was strong throughout, but experienced high frequency oscillations at a level similar to the middle Pleistocene interglacial periods.
Carbon dynamics in the subarctic Pacific Ocean - diatom δ11B insights into the past
Authors: Donald Hannah , Swann George , Foster Gavin
Published: July 2022

The intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (iNHG) at 2.73 Ma is associated in the subarctic Pacific Ocean with an abrupt drop in opal mass accumulation rates and the development of a halocline stratification. Uncertainty, however, remains around the extent to which these changes: 1) altered carbon dynamics in the water column; and 2) contributed to a reduction in atmospheric pCO2 over this period. These issues can be resolved by applying the boron isotope (δ11B) proxy to quantify past changes in the pH and pCO2 of ambient seawater. By analysing δ11B in diatom frustules, we document a surface water increase of 0.3 to 0.5 pH units in the subarctic Pacific Ocean over the iNHG. This confirms that the development of the halocline at 2.73 Ma both reorganised the vertical water column structure and limited CO2 outgassing from the ocean interior. In conjunction with other external and internal processes, including changes in the Southern Ocean, these events would have contributed to a lowering of atmospheric pCO2 and the long-term expansion of ice sheets across the Northern Hemisphere.

This research demonstrates the potential for diatom δ11B measurements to be used to reconstruct changes in pCO2, particularly in high-latitude settings where diatom frustules are readily preserved and dominate the sediment record. Such analyses have the potential to complement δ11B measurements in foraminifera and so provide further insights into the carbon dynamics of the “warm Pliocene” and other periods of interest.
The effect of the Antarctic ice sheet height changes on global climate: A case study of the mid-Pliocene
Authors: Huang Xiaofang , Yang Shiling , Haywood Alan , Tindall Julia , Jiang Dabang , wang Yongda , Sun Minmin , Zhang Shihao
Published: July 2022

Warming-induced topographic changes of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) could have significant influence on the climate. However, how large changes in the EAIS height could theoretically affect global climate have yet to be studied. Here, the influence of possible height changes of the EAIS on climate is investigated through numerical climate modeling, using the Pliocene as a test case. As expected, the investigation reveals that the reduction of ice sheet height leads to a warmer and wetter East Antarctica. However, unintuitively, both the surface air temperature and the sea surface temperature decrease over the rest of the globe. These temperature changes result from the higher air pressure over Antarctica and the corresponding lower air pressure over extra-Antarctic regions with the reduction of EAIS height. This topography effect is further confirmed by energy balance analyses. These findings could provide insights into future climate change caused by warming-induced height reduction of the Antarctic ice sheet.
Modelling the Antarctic ice sheet under warm Pliocene climates
Authors: o'neill james , Edwards Tamsin , Gregoire Lauren
Published: July 2022

Reconstructions of warm Pliocene sea level imply a large but uncertain contribution from the Antarctic ice sheet. Their high end implies collapse of the West Antarctic ice sheet, and mass loss from East Antarctic subglacial basins. Previous work has suggested that extensive East Antarctic retreat is facilitated by the marine ice cliff instability – where loss of ice shelves and mechanical failure of unbuttressed cliffs drives retreat. We explored the Antarctic ice sheet under warm Pliocene climate using BISICLES, a relatively higher-order physics ice sheet model, capable of simulating grounding line and ice stream dynamics at relatively high resolution. We used perturbed parameter ensemble experiments to explore uncertainty in Pliocene Antarctic retreat, without the marine ice cliff instability. We simulated the most dynamic regions of the ice sheet at relatively high resolution, down to 4 km in ice streams and at the grounding line . To explore uncertainties in basal sliding, surface mass balance processes, bedrock-ice sheet interactions and ice shelf basal melt sensitivity to ocean forcing, we ran a 120-member Latin Hypercube perturbed parameter ensemble. Climate forcing was based on results from four different PlioMIP2 climate models, which the ensemble was evenly divided across. This allowed us to explore the role of climate model choice in simulated Pliocene Antarctic configuration. Additional experiments explored parametric uncertainty under a modern climate, and initial condition uncertainty. We compared ensemble results to a reconstructed Pliocene sea level range, as well as geochemical provenance based reconstructions of grounding line retreat into the Wilkes subglacial basin (East Antarctica) – which some ensemble members successfully reproduced. We simulated a large Antarctic sea level contribution range, which was wider than the reconstructed Pliocene sea level contribution range. Moreover, simulated sea level contribution was highly sensitive to a perturbed basal sliding parameter. We show that our modelling framework can simulate the magnitude and location of Pliocene Antarctic mass loss consistent with proxy-based reconstructions under some modelling choices, however uncertainties remain in the representation of basal sliding.
Palaeo perspectives on climate extremes:  What can the Pliocene tell us?
Authors: Tindall Julia , Haywood Alan
Published: July 2022

The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP; phases 1 and 2) has provided a wealth of model output relating to a climate with CO2 ~400ppmv.  However much of the analysis of this dataset has focussed on temporally averaged diagnostics. 

Here we look at the contribution of the HadCM3 model to PlioMIP2 in more detail.  We consider daily precipitation, the maximum daily temperature, and the minimum daily temperature, and use these to derive indices of extreme weather and climate.    

We show that the area of land where the maximum daily temperature exceeds 40oC at some point during the year was greatly expanded in the Pliocene compared to the preindustrial.  We also show that, at many locations, most days in the year have daily temperatures that are above the warm extreme threshold for that calendar day in the preindustrial.  Correspondingly very few Pliocene temperatures are below the preindustrial cold extreme threshold.

These Pliocene extreme climate diagnostics can be compared with future extreme climate diagnostics to provide additional information about the analogous nature of the Pliocene climate.
Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during the M2 Pliocene glacial
Authors: Hill Daniel , Dolan Aisling
Published: July 2022

The large glacial period that immediately precedes the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP) is a ~0.6‰ benthic oxygen isotope shift at 3.3Ma, known as M2. The excursion is roughly equivalent to 60m of sea level drop or 40msle (metres sea level equivalent) more ice than today. However, there is significant uncertainty in both these values and the potential locations of any large volumes of ice. Previous modelling studies have either used Last Glacial Cycle analogues for the M2 ice sheets or failed to reproduce the large Northern Hemisphere ice sheets implied by global ice volume proxies.

 

Here we present new climate and ice sheet models simulating the M2 glacial period, by lowering Pliocene atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and selecting specific Pliocene orbital forcing. These climates are sufficiently cold to produce ice sheets in North America and northern Europe within our modelling framework. The largest components of these ice masses are centred over regions with significant landscape differences between Pliocene and present day, including the Hudson Bay, Canadian Archipelago and Barents Sea. This suggests that the M2 glacial may have had very different initiation locations to the most recent glacial cycles and that Pliocene palaeogeographic changes may be key to understanding the M2 glacial.
The Pliocene in the IPCC: AR6 and thoughts on AR7I
Authors: Lunt Dan , Haywood Alan , Kaufman Darrell
Published: July 2022

In the most recent IPCC assessment report (AR6), lines of evidence associated with paleoclimate were distributed throughout the report.  The Pliocene played a key role in Chapter 2 in terms of providing a benchmark against which recent and future changes could be measured, and in Chapter 7 in terms of model-data comparison and constraining climate sensitivity, in Chapter 9 in terms of sea level change, and also appeared in multiple other chapters.  Here, I will summarise some of these contributions, and also look forward to ways in which the Pliocene community can contribute to AR7.
Multi-scale temporal analysis of evaporation on a saline lake in the Atacama Desert
Authors: Lobos-Roco Felipe , Hartogensis Oscar , Suárez Francisco , Huerta-Viso Ariadna , Benedict Imme , de la Fuente Alberto , Vilà-Guerau de Arellano Jordi
Published: July 2022

Abstract. We investigate how evaporation changes depending on the scales in the Altiplano region of the Atacama Desert. More specifically, we focus on the temporal evolution from the climatological to the sub-diurnal scales on a high-altitude saline lake ecosystem. We analyze the evaporation trends over 70 years (1950–2020) at a high-spatial resolution. The method is based on the downscaling of 30 km ERA5 reanalysis data at hourly resolution to 0.1 km spatial resolution data, using artificial neural networks to analyze the main drivers of evaporation. To this end, we use the Penman open-water evaporation equation, modified to compensate for the energy balance non-closure and the ice cover formation on the lake during the night. Our estimation of the hourly climatology of evaporation shows a consistent agreement with eddy-covariance (EC) measurements and reveals that evaporation is controlled by different drivers depending on the time scale. At the sub-diurnal scale, mechanical turbulence is the primary driver of evaporation, and at this scale, it is not radiation-limited. At the seasonal scale, more than 70 % of the evaporation variability is explained by the radiative contribution term. At the same scale, and using a large-scale moisture tracking model, we identify the main sources of moisture to the Chilean Altiplano. In all cases, our regime of precipitation is controlled by large-scale weather patterns closely linked to climatological fluctuations. Moreover, seasonal evaporation significantly influences the saline lake surface spatial changes. From an interannual scale perspective, evaporation increased by 2.1 mm yr−1 during the entire study period, according to global temperature increases. Finally, we find that yearly evaporation depends on the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), where warm and cool ENSO phases are associated with higher evaporation and precipitation rates, respectively. Our results show that warm ENSO phases increase evaporation rates by 15 %, whereas cold phases decrease it by 2 %.
Spatial and temporal provenance variations of the Chinese Loess Plateau over the late Miocene to early Pleistocene: a window into the reorganization of the Yellow River and monsoon activity
Authors: Nie Junsheng , Pan Baotian , Peng Wenbin , Zhang Haobo , Pullen Alex
Published: July 2022

The Miocene–Holocene Red Clay, paleosol, and loess sequences composing the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) are one of the most complete terrestrial eolian sediment archives on Earth. We present the first large-n detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology dataset for the Miocene–Pliocene sequence from the northeastern CLP. The depositional ages of these samples are like those of other data sets from the central CLP, allowing comparison of spatial-temporal differences. These data show that the CLP had spatially varied provenance over the late Miocene–Pliocene, similar to the Quaternary strata. The data from the northeastern CLP indicate two shifts in dust sourcing around the Miocene-Pliocene and Pliocene-Quaternary boundaries. The shift around the Miocene-Pliocene boundary is consistent with elongation of the proto-Yellow River to incorporate the present-day ‘big bend’—allowing sediment transport to and ultimately through the Yinchuan-Hetao graben. The provenance shift around the Pliocene-Quaternary boundary is consistent with increased sediment contributions from the Lüliang Shan and the Cretaceous strata overlying the North China Craton. These interpretations challenge assertions linking eolian sediment accumulation on the CLP over the late Miocene–Pliocene primarily to aridification within the continental interior of eastern Asia, but rather point to the importance of riverine transport, catchment reorganization, sediment storage, and increased climatic fluctuations.
Dynamic modeling of a metro vehicle considering the motor–gearbox transmission system under traction conditions
Authors: Zhang Tao , Jin Taimu , Zhou Ziwei , Chen Zaigang , Wang Kaiyun
Published: July 2022

Abstract. As a vital means of transportation to alleviate urban
traffic congestion, the metro vehicle has been developing rapidly in China during recent
years. For the violent vibration and shock under the frequent
switches between traction and braking conditions, higher requirements are
put forward in the drive system. The dynamic performance of the traction
motor and gearbox, which are the key elements in the drive system of the
metro vehicle, is worthy of attention. Based on the classical vehicle–track coupled dynamics and the gear dynamics theory, a vertical–longitudinal dynamics model for a metro vehicle with frame-hung motors and gearboxes is developed in this paper. This model enables the consideration of some complicated excitations, such as external excitations (the track vertical irregularity) and internal excitations (the mesh stiffness and the dynamic transmission error). The established dynamics model is then validated by comparing the simulated results with the field test results in both time domain and time–frequency domain under traction conditions. Consequently, the established dynamics model is demonstrated to be capable of revealing the dynamic performance of the metro vehicle effectively, especially for the traction and transmission system in the entire vehicle vibration environment of a metro. In turn, the results indicate that the gear transmission has a great and lasting effect on the force state of the traction motors and gearboxes compared to its effect on the axle load transfer.
Coastal sea level monitoring in the Mediterranean and Black seas
Authors: Pérez Gómez Begoña , Vilibić Ivica , Šepić Jadranka , Međugorac Iva , Ličer Matjaž , Testut Laurent , Fraboul Claire , Marcos Marta , Abdellaoui Hassen , Álvarez Fanjul Enrique , Barbalić Darko , Casas Benjamín , Castaño-Tierno Antonio , Čupić Srđan , Drago Aldo , Fraile María Angeles , Galliano Daniele A. , Gauci Adam , Gloginja Branislav , Martín Guijarro Víctor , Jeromel Maja , Larrad Revuelto Marcos , Lazar Ayah , Keskin Ibrahim Haktan , Medvedev Igor , Menassri Abdelkader , Meslem Mohamed Aïssa , Mihanović Hrvoje , Morucci Sara , Niculescu Dragos , Quijano de Benito José Manuel , Pascual Josep , Palazov Atanas , Picone Marco , Raicich Fabio , Said Mohamed , Salat Jordi , Sezen Erdinc , Simav Mehmet , Sylaios Georgios , Tel Elena , Tintoré Joaquín , Zaimi Klodian , Zodiatis George
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Employed for over a century, the traditional way of monitoring sea level
variability by tide gauges – in combination with modern observational
techniques like satellite altimetry – is an inevitable ingredient in sea level
studies over the climate scales and in coastal seas. The development of the
instrumentation, remote data acquisition, processing, and archiving in the last
decades has allowed the extension of the applications to a variety of users
and coastal hazard managers. The Mediterranean and Black seas are examples
of such a transition – while having a long tradition of sea level
observations with several records spanning over a century, the number of
modern tide gauge stations is growing rapidly, with data available both in
real time and as a research product at different time resolutions. As no
comprehensive survey of the tide gauge networks has been carried out
recently in these basins, the aim of this paper is to map the existing
coastal sea level monitoring infrastructures and the respective data
availability. The survey encompasses a description of major monitoring
networks in the Mediterranean and Black seas and their characteristics,
including the type of sea level sensors, measuring resolutions, data
availability, and existence of ancillary measurements, altogether collecting
information about 240 presently operational tide gauge stations. The
availability of the Mediterranean and Black seas sea level data in the
global and European sea level repositories has been also screened and
classified following their sampling interval and level of quality check,
pointing to the necessity of harmonization of the data available with
different metadata and series in different repositories. Finally, an
assessment of the networks' capabilities for their use in different sea
level applications has been done, with recommendations that might mitigate
the bottlenecks and ensure further development of the networks in a
coordinated way, a critical need in the era of human-induced climate changes
and sea level rise.
Cosmogenic nuclide dating of two stacked ice masses: Ong Valley, Antarctica
Authors: Bergelin Marie , Putkonen Jaakko , Balco Greg , Morgan Daniel , Corbett Lee B. , Bierman Paul R.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. We collected a debris-rich ice core from a buried ice
mass in Ong Valley, located in the Transantarctic Mountains in Antarctica. We
measured cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in quartz obtained from the ice
core to determine the age of the buried ice mass and infer the processes
responsible for the emplacement of the debris currently overlaying the ice.
Such ice masses are valuable archives of paleoclimate proxies; however, the
preservation of ice beyond 800 kyr is rare, and therefore much effort has
been recently focused on finding ice that is older than 1 Myr. In Ong Valley,
the large, buried ice mass has been previously dated at > 1.1 Ma.
Here we provide a forward model that predicts the accumulation of the
cosmic-ray-produced nuclides 10Be, 21Ne, and 26Al in quartz
in the englacial and supraglacial debris and compare the model predictions
to measured nuclide concentrations in order to further constrain the age.
Large downcore variation in measured cosmogenic nuclide concentrations
suggests that the englacial debris is sourced both from subglacially derived
material and recycled paleo-surface debris that has experienced surface
exposure prior to entrainment. We find that the upper section of the ice
core is 2.95 + 0.18 / −0.22 Myr old. The average ice sublimation rate during
this time period is 22.86 + 0.10 / −0.09 m Myr−1, and the surface
erosion rate of the debris is 0.206 + 0.013 / −0.017 m Myr−1. Burial
dating of the recycled paleo-surface debris suggests that the lower section
of the ice core belongs to a separate, older ice mass which we estimate to
be 4.3–5.1 Myr old. The ages of these two stacked, separate ice masses can
be directly related to glacial advances of the Antarctic ice sheet and
potentially coincide with two major global glaciations during the early and
late Pliocene epoch when global temperatures and CO2 were higher than
present. These ancient ice masses represent new opportunities for gathering
ancient climate information.
Teaching a Large Course On Contemporary Fiction
Authors: Ohmann Richard
Published: July 2022

My intention was, not to survey political novels, or the ones I like best, or novels that meet some ahistorical standard of excellence, but to consider those that are in one way or another central to American bourgeois culture, and to help students understand that culture through their reading of the novels. . . . I adopted an approach that might be unsympa­thetically described as building the novels up in order to knock them down. But I think the strategy is warranted. Looking closely at what's good in one of these novels almost invariably means following some insight into the difficulty of living a good life on the terms offered by our society. (Many of the novelists would probably let it go at "living a good life," but since they take America as a given, the mimesis of capitalism is always there.) This is, to put it crudely, the problem posed by each novel, often revealingly. Most go on to hint at solutions, and here's where I think they fall apart. They displace politics and offer personal or anarchist or pre-industrial remedies for human sorrows that are rooted in advanced capitalist, industrial society.
English in America: The Next Twenty Years
Authors: Ohmann Richard
Published: July 2022

We find ourselves . . . in a vicious eddy of American economic history. Our fortunes as an occupational group have, for a hundred years, been closely bound to the evolution of industrial capitalism, for reasons I tried to analyze in English in America. Because our society expresses its values through the market, a sudden change in the market makes itself felt as a change in values. You can find in just about any of our professional publications now expressions of dismay that society does not seem to care about the humanities, about the full cultivation of the mind, about the higher literacy, about what we value most and are prepared to offer. Yet I doubt that American society, taken as a collection of individuals with personal values, holds literature or literacy any less dear in 1976 than in 1966. The point is that society determines our fortunes as a profession, not mainly through direct purchase of our services, but through the labor market where capitalists buy one or another kind of labor power. Right now they do not need nearly so much educated labor power as we, along with our colleagues in other fields, have been producing. This is the main fact about our present and future. The economic system is shaping our educational choices, and providing us the circumstances within which we will make our piece of history.
Is Class an Identity?
Authors: Ohmann Richard
Published: July 2022

The students make their way through the world with sensitive compasses and gyroscopes that tell them also which neighborhoods in Brooklyn are homelike to them and which parts of Boston; which places have nothing to do with their lives (e.g., Staten Island and Paterson); where are the places to go after college (New York, San Francisco, Seattle, Boston, Washington); where they might spend summers; what styles and fashions signify; how to speak in what Basil Bernstein called the "elaborated code" of the middle class;  how to place those who don't; how to avoid alienated labor by deploying credentials or creativity; and-- yes--whom to marry, should it come to such a pass. [...]most people don't so readily identify themselves by class as by gender or race, and perhaps don't even feel being working class or PMC the way they feel being white or male or straight or, especially, being Latino or black or female or gay--except of course when they are way out of their usual class habitat: a mechanic plunked down in the Century Club, say, or an English Professor at the Elks. [...]even such misadventures are not likely to endanger the displaced person, the way women and African Americans and gay men and others risk insult or violence in many venues. First generation college students, they had a big stake in believing anyone could make it in this country. [...]the ideology we take in with every breath has a lot to do with the many ways in which students at Wesleyan and at Middlesex Community College overlook or evade the hard reality of class.
Politics of Teaching
Authors: Ohmann Richard
Published: July 2022

[...]college education failed to address or even connect with the deepest concerns of students. According to descriptions of a program called University Studies at Portland State (www.ous.pdx.edu), much of the effort in first year courses goes to establishing small learning communities, each one comprising a faculty member, a peer mentor, and a group of students. [...]post-secondary education comes in ever smaller and precision-marketed units, for customers who are often refashioning themselves to meet the needs of employers. [...]liberal arts enrollments make up a much smaller share in the burgeoning proprietary and public sector, where most of the adult  students seek economic advantage, and business's needs determine what studies will yield that advantage.
Extrajudicial bodies for labor conflicts resolution
Authors: Piestsov Ruslan , Kupina Liudmyla , Karpova Nataliia , Vyshnovetska Svitlana , Ustynova Iryna
Published: July 2022

The article studies the legal status of extrajudicial bodies for the resolution of labor conflicts as well as the procedure of labor conflicts resolution. It also analyses domestic and foreign extrajudicial bodies experience in resolving labor disputes. The resolution of labor disputes is traditionally associated with the judiciary. However, due to the overload of the latter, the length of the judicial procedure of considering and resolving conflicts and the high level of court costs, the search for alternative extrajudicial solutions to labor disputes is highly in demand. On the other hand, alternative extrajudicial methods of resolving labor disputes will significantly reduce the workload of judicial bodies and the social tension among the participants in the process of resolving labor disputes. The comradely courts were endowed with the trust of the staff, acted as its willpower and were accountable to it. These courts turned into a kind of public courts which were created to consider and resolve minor legal conflicts that did not affect essential human rights. The main purpose of the newly created comradely courts was to educate people through persuasion and social influence. Their activity was based on such principles as production-territorial principle, that of expediency, election and accountability of judges. In addition, the comradely courts, as a body of justice, operated on the same principles as courts of general jurisdiction, in particular, election and independence of judges, open and oral character of court proceedings.
The active position of the court is the basis for the successful application of alternative measures in criminal proceedings
Authors: Rusman Galina
Published: July 2022

The institution of encouragement in criminal proceedings is an alternative form of making a final decision on a criminal case. The resolution of a criminal case through the use of incentive forms entailing the release from criminal liability of the defendant involves active actions of participants in procedural relations: the will and desire of the parties to terminate the criminal case in one of the alternative ways to the court verdict; negotiating to determine the main mutually beneficial conditions and their coordination; the fulfillment of these conditions and the final confirmation of such agreements by a single «conventional» petition for the termination of the criminal case on the appropriate grounds. The parties exercise active procedural powers within the framework of the principles of disposability and adversarial criminal proceedings. This indicates the universality of the incentive norm. It is possible to effectively apply alternative measures in criminal proceedings with the mandatory explanation by the court to the persons participating in the case of the procedural possibilities of these measures. The conducted analysis indicates the need for legislative consolidation of the procedural obligation of the court when considering criminal cases against persons brought to criminal responsibility for the first time on charges of committing a crime of small or medium gravity, to explain to the participants of the process the non-rehabilitating grounds for termination of criminal prosecution provided by the current legislation. The author believes that this duty of the court will allow to resolve the issue of initiating the procedure for the application of incentive norms by the parties, as well as the court to understand the procedural perspective of this procedure for resolving a criminal case.
Loneliness and Emotional Regulation among Un-Married Working Women
Authors: Ejaz Zahra , Sarfaraz Naeema , Sarfaraz Dr Ayesha
Published: July 2022

Loneliness is considered as a risk factor for various kinds of psychological and emotional outcomes, however, there is limited research in indigenous context exploring how it effects the mental health of unmarried women who have crossed the marriageable age. The present study investigated the relationship between loneliness and emotional regulation among un-married educated working women (25-55 years). Sample of un-married working women (N = 150) was taken from school (N = 50), college (N = 50) and university teachers (N = 50). University of California Loneliness Scale revised 20-items (Russell, 1996) and Emotional Regulation Questionnaire 10 items (Gross & John, 2003) were used. Data was statistically analyzed using Correlation, and One Way ANOVA analysis. Significant relationship was found between loneliness and emotional regulation in un -married working women. Results also concluded that different age ranges have no significant effect on un-married working women. It is also concluded that income affects the emotional regulation ability of working women. Finding of the research will help in understanding the strengths and struggles of working women who are single. The study sheds light on the so-called impression of the society that being single is a matter of great concern and it challenges the loneliness and emotional regulation level among woman but the results revealed that in educated women, single-hood is not a matter that determines loneliness and it does not affect the level of emotional regulation in professional un-married women.