bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moving beyond rigid orthodoxies in the teaching and assessment of movement in Swedish physical education teacher education: A student perspective
Authors: Backman Erik , Nyberg Gunn , Larsson Håkan
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this paper is to analyse and discuss physical education teacher education (PETE) students’ conceptions of teaching and assessment of movement capability as a part of content knowledge in aquatics, dance and ice-skating at a university in Sweden. The theoretical perspective involves Shulman’s concept of content knowledge, the further elaboration of content knowledge into common content knowledge, and the theoretical perspective underpinning movement capability. The sample consists of two groups with a total of seven PETE students who volunteered to take part in group interviews. Semi-structured interviews with the two groups were conducted on three occasions. Findings display that the students’ conceptions of movement capability seem to be focused around performance of movements. Further, the participants felt the messages to be unclear in terms of what they are to know regarding movement capability before entering PETE. There was also a contradiction in that the PETE students felt it to be obvious that they would ‘know’ certain movements, and at the same time they requested clear and distinct criteria when it came to the performance of movements. This study shows that expectations in terms of PETE students’ levels of movement content knowledge need to be further investigated and discussed. This study also highlights the importance of conceptualising what PETE students need to learn if they are to see the need to develop their movement capability on their own. Assessments of students’ reflections on what it means to master movements are discussed as an alternative to assessment of performance of movements.
The impact of parental attitudes toward children with primary headaches
Authors: Ertem Devrimsel Harika , Bingol Ayhan , Ugurcan Busra , Mercan Özlem , Simsek Ismail , Sağlam Hanife , Ozge Aynur , Uluduz Derya
Published: March 2019

There is a lack of data on parental attitudes toward children with primary headaches. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between primary headaches and parental attitudes in the pre-adolescent pediatric population. In this cross-sectional study, 195 children with primary headache and 43 healthy children aged 9–16 years were included. A questionnaire for sociodemographic variables, visual analog scale (VAS), Social Anxiety Scale and Depression Inventory for Adolescents and Children, and Parental Attitudes Determining Scale (PATS), which is an attitude measure specifically designed to evaluate psychological adjustment, were administered. Of 195 children (female/male ratio: 89/106, mean age: 12.59 ± 1.09 years), episodic migraine ( n = 90), chronic migraine ( n = 25), and tension-type headache ( n = 80) were evaluated. There was no significant difference among headache groups and healthy subjects in terms of depression, anxiety, and fathers’ attitude scale scores. However, there were significant differences in mean mothers’ attitude scale scores and VAS scores ( p = .002, p = .000). Mean oppressive-authoritarian attitude subscale scores of mothers’ was significantly higher in children with chronic migraine ( p = .000). A relationship between depression and VAS scores among all patient groups was detected ( p = .000). Parental age was negatively related to PATS scores of children with episodic migraine and tension-type headache ( p = .037 and p = .036). Parental attitudes may elevate psychiatric symptoms and influence children’s perception of pain intensity and result in chronification of headache. Our findings support that mothers’ attitude toward children with chronic migraine has strong impacts on the child’s pain experience.
Acceptance and identity change: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of carers’ experiences in myalgic encephalopathy/chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Catchpole Sarah , Garip Gulcan
Published: March 2019

Myalgic encephalopathy/chronic fatigue syndrome is a debilitating condition and many people rely heavily on family carers. This study explored the caring experiences of seven family carers. Four themes were established: relations with others, role and identity changes, coping with change and uncertainty, and information and support seeking. Caring disrupted multiple areas of carers’ lives, including their identities and relationships. Scepticism from others about myalgic encephalopathy/chronic fatigue syndrome was particularly distressing. Acceptance was important for coping and helped some carers achieve positive growth within spousal relationships. Improving support and advice for carers and acknowledging their caring burden could improve their well-being.
Living with multimorbidity? The lived experience of multiple chronic conditions in later life
Authors: Porter Tom , Ong Bie Nio , Sanders Tom
Published: March 2019

Multimorbidity is defined biomedically as the co-existence of two or more long-term conditions in an individual. Globally, the number of people living with multiple conditions is increasing, posing stark challenges both to the clinical management of patients and the organisation of health systems. Qualitative literature has begun to address how concurrency affects the self-management of chronic conditions, and the concept of illness prioritisation predominates. In this article, we adopt a phenomenological lens to show how older people with multiple conditions experience illness. This UK study was qualitative and longitudinal in design. Sampling was purposive and drew upon an existing cohort study. In total, 15 older people living with multiple conditions took part in 27 in-depth interviews. The practical stages of analysis were guided by Constructivist Grounded Theory. We argue that the concept of multimorbidity as biomedically imagined has limited relevance to lived experience, while concurrency may also be erroneous. In response, we outline a lived experience of multiple chronic conditions in later life, which highlights differences between clinical and lay assumptions and makes the latter visible.
Student and staff social dynamics and transitions during school redesign
Authors: Patel Sejal , Cummins Natalie
Published: March 2019

This qualitative case study investigates student and school staff perceptions of transitions and changing social dynamics due to a temporary closure of an elementary school undergoing redesign in an inner-city neighbourhood in Toronto, Canada. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with 75 students (Kindergarten to Grade 8) and 28 staff who transitioned to two neighbouring schools during the school closure in 2011 and 2012. Students reported changes in their sense of belonging, incidents of bullying and violence, and student–student and student–teacher social dynamics during the transitional period. School staff also reported changing social dynamics among staff and students, the importance of strong leadership and teacher support during transitions and changes to school climate as a result of the transition. Suggestions and recommendations for future transitions associated with school redesign are discussed.
Short-term exposure assessment to particulate matter and total volatile organic compounds in indoor air during cooking Ethiopian sauces (Wot) using electricity, kerosene and charcoal fuels
Authors: Embiale Asamene , Zewge Feleke , Chandravanshi Bhagwan Singh , Sahle-Demessie Endalkachew
Published: March 2019

A total of 45 households were selected to participate in a study to assess indoor exposure to particulate matter (PM) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) while cooking a widely consumed Ethiopian traditional stew sauce ( Wot, in Amharic). The geometric mean (GOM) concentrations of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 when electricity, kerosene and charcoal fuel sources were used during the wet season ranged 11.4–151 µg.m−3, whereas the GOM concentrations during the dry season ranged 7.7–222 µg.m−3. The GOM of TVOC during the wet and dry seasons using electricity, kerosene and charcoal fuel ranged 350–812 µg m−3. The health risks associated with exposure to PM2.5, PM10 and total suspended particulate matter (TSP), either as a single pollutant or cumulative based on the hazard quotient (HQ) or hazard index (HI) calculation by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, indicate that exposure to PM2.5, PM10 or TSP while cooking Wot using electricity, kerosene and charcoal fuels may not cause health problems to a healthy adult. However, long-term exposure to high levels of PM10 emissions when charcoal fuel is used is considered to be unsafe. The exposure to all the emitted pollutants during the use of any of the three fuels sources may also pose a human health impact to individuals near the sources.
Is building ventilation a process of diluting contaminants or delivering clean air?
Authors: Sandberg Mats , Kabanshi Alan , Wigö Hans
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the performance of air distribution systems intended for dilution of contaminants (e.g. mixing ventilation) and those intended for delivery of clean air to local regions within rooms (e.g. personalized ventilation). We first start by distinguishing the systems by their visiting frequency behaviour. Then, the performance of the systems with respect to their possibility to influence contaminant concentration in the room or regions within the room is dealt with. Dilution capacity concept for mixing systems is discussed, and delivery capacity concept for systems intended to deliver clean air locally is introduced. Various ways for supply of clean air to regions within the room are presented and their pros and cons are discussed. In delivery capacity systems, the most important single parameter is the entrainment of ambient air into the primary supply flow. Therefore, methods of determining entrainment in these systems need to be defined and the results should be included when describing the performance of the air terminal devices.
Whither decolonisation? Indigenous scholars and the problem of inclusion in the neoliberal university
Authors: Kidman Joanna
Published: March 2019

What is the role of the indigenous critic and conscience of society in the neoliberal university? Much has been written about neoliberalism in higher education but less attention is given to how it is enacted in settler-colonial societies where intellectual labour is shaped by histories of imperialism, invasion and violence. These historical forces are reflected in a political economy of knowledge forged in the interplay of power relations between coloniality and free-market capitalism. Indigenous academics who mobilise a form of public/tribal scholarship alongside native publics and counter-publics often have an uneasy relationship with the neoliberal academy which celebrates their inclusion as diversity ‘partners’ at the same time as consigning them to the institutional margins. This article traces a cohort of Māori senior academics in New Zealand whose intellectual labour is structured around public/tribal scholarship and examines how this unsettles and challenges the problem of neoliberal inclusivity in settler-colonial institutions.
“Walk the line”: An ethnographic study of the ritual of crossing the Arctic Circle—Case Rovaniemi
Authors: Varnajot Alix
Published: March 2019

The Arctic Circle is the most commonly used border to delimit the Arctic region, and has been used in this way to such an extent that across the circumpolar North, municipalities and local communities have built various types of signs, shops and tourist centers for its celebration. This is especially the case in Rovaniemi, Finland, with the creation of the Santa Claus Village, “right” on the Arctic Circle, leading to several thousands of tourists crossing the magical line every year. This article focuses on tourists’ practices around Arctic Circle landmarks in Rovaniemi. This study acknowledges the hegemony of the selfie era that is indubitably linked to what is referred to in this article as “border-crossing postures”, pertaining to the ritual of performing specific practices, actions and postures that suggest the crossing of a borderline. However, it is argued that in the case of the Arctic Circle in Rovaniemi, these specific postures come from the physical aspect of the landmarks, rather than the tourists recognizing the Arctic Circle as a border.
Creating engagement with solutions visuals: testing the effects of problem-oriented versus solution-oriented photojournalism
Authors: Dahmen Nicole Smith , Thier Kathryn , Walth Brent
Published: March 2019

An increasing number of news organizations are reporting stories about responses to persistent societal problems, a reporting form known as solutions journalism. While this type of reporting practice is typically text-based, visual reporting can also be solutions journalism. Photojournalism theory and practice pose particular insights for advancing academic understanding of solutions journalism. This study uses an experiment to examine effects of exposure to problem-oriented versus solution-oriented photojournalism for three different story topics. The study examines important variables such as narrative engagement, interest, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions. Study data suggest that narrative engagement can play an important role in involving audiences in visual solutions reporting, with data showing that solutions visual reporting is more engaging on average. Further, when audiences are more engaged in the visual solutions reporting, participants report more positive outcomes for interest, self-efficacy, and behavior intentions. Study findings have implications for both journalism theory and for the practice of visual solutions journalism.
Fourier components of cylindrical illuminance
Authors: Lynes JA
Published: March 2019

Fourier analysis is applied to the profile of illuminance around the curved surface of a small cylinder, due to one, two and three point sources of light and due to an extended source. This reveals only one odd harmonic, whose amplitude is equal to half that of the illumination vector. Lighting can also generate a diminishing series of even harmonics. The lighting at any point in open space can be expressed in terms of the harmonics of illuminance around three mutually perpendicular cylinders. Visual discomfort is often associated with the presence of even harmonics. The photometry of cylindrical and semi-cylindrical illuminance, and of cylindrical harmonics, is discussed.
Makeovers Made Over: Ubuntu and Decolonization in Reality TV
Authors: Tavernaro-Haidarian Leyla
Published: March 2019

Narratives about Africa are often shaped by deficit discourses that frame “development” as an instrument for advancing the interests of global capitalism. From within this neoliberal view, Africa has to “catch up” to and “be taught” how to emulate and achieve the standards promulgated in mainstream media. Through the lens of an alternative realism, however, such narratives can be reshaped. The African philosophy of ubuntu is one example of a deeply relational ethic from within which development can be reconceptualized as “freedom” in terms of democratic ideals and which can be used as a guiding principle for media work and the refashioning of (reality television) images.
Environmental health in the biology century: Transitions from population to personalized prevention
Authors: Groopman John D
Published: March 2019

Within the last decade, for the first time in human history, deaths from chronic diseases have exceeded mortality from acute causes worldwide. These chronic diseases encompass a spectrum of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, and the emerging consequences of obesity and over nutrition. Further, there are more people today who are cancer survivors as well as people who are afflicted with multiple chronic diseases. This results in an emerging new group of susceptible populations with complex biology’s that will drive the development of new experimental models. Since environmental exposures have a profound impact from the etiology of disease through progression and response to therapeutic and preventive interventions, a new appreciation of the role of environmental health has emerged. This mini-review will attempt to provide a global perspective on the transitions that have occurred in environmental health over the last 200 years and how these transitions are impacting diverse populations globally. The extraordinary advances in our understanding of the biology of normal development and the molecular progression of disease processes have created unprecedented opportunities for the translation of basic science to therapy and prevention. The need to integrate findings from the biological, physical, engineering, social, and behavioral sciences, sometimes called convergence, points to an imperative to develop new team science approaches to address the health consequences of environmental exposures. Finally, as it is increasingly recognized that disease outbreaks in one part of the world are no longer isolated from global impacts, there is a need to assure that our next generations of trained scientists have grounding in global collaborations.

Impact statement

There is a rapidly occurring, dynamic change, in the causes of morbidity and mortality in different populations across the globe. More people today are being diagnosed and treated for chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes than ever before. Environmental exposures across the lifespan have a profound impact on the outcomes of these chronic diseases. Further, there are more people living today who have survived their therapy from these diagnoses and who are now differentially susceptible to environmental exposures. Collectively, this poses both the challenge and opportunity to the experimental biology and medicine community to build new models that reflect this changing human situation. The extraordinary advances in our understanding of the biology of disease provide extraordinary insights for both therapeutic and prevention strategies. Multidisciplinary teams including biological, physical, engineering and social and behavioral scientists will be needed to address this problem over the next several decades.
Global Awareness Dialogue Project: Exploring Potential for Faculty Transformation Through a Professional Development Series
Authors: Senyshyn Roxanna M. , Smith Paula
Published: March 2019

This article examines a faculty professional development program aimed at engaging faculty in an ongoing discussion about global awareness and the practices surrounding teaching and learning in a linguistically and culturally diverse classroom. The program is modeled on two key components: the engagement of undergraduate students and faculty in a structured dialogue outside the classroom and the contributions of experts to faculty discussions to locate and contextualize best practices. The initiative’s potential to affect faculty perspectives is explored through a transformative learning framework. Short-term and long-term assessments show that participants were motivated to improve and implement new instructional practices.
I Stand
Authors: Cobb Kinsley
Published: March 2019

This reflection is a personal observation of the day-to-day duties of a chaplain.
Improving Compliance With Institutional Review Board Continuing Review Requirements
Authors: Tsan Min-Fu , Nguyen Yen
Published: March 2019

Continuing review of ongoing research is one way by which institutional review boards (IRBs) ensure protection of human subjects. Among the 25 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) human research protection program performance metrics collected annually since 2010, lapse in IRB continuing reviews had the highest noncompliance rate. In 2013, 10 facilities with lapse rates higher than the VA national average for 3 consecutive years from 2011 to 2013 implemented remedial action plans. Using data from 2011 through 2018, we demonstrated that 70% of these facilities’ lapse rates remain significantly improved. In contrast, none of the 10 facilities with their lapse rates that were higher than the national averages in 2 out of 3 years from 2011 to 2013 and that did not implement remedial action plans showed any improvement. Thus, implementation of effective remedial measures in facilities with high lapse rates can result in long-lasting improvement in the majority of these facilities.
Factor Analysis of the CES-D 12 among a Community Sample of Black Men
Authors: Adams Leslie B. , Gottfredson Nisha , Lightfoot Alexandra F. , Corbie-Smith Giselle , Golin Carol , Powell Wizdom
Published: March 2019

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale is one of the most widely used measures for assessing depression in population-based research. Little is known about the varying range of symptomatology expressed by Black men, who report higher chronicity and disability of their depressive symptoms compared to men of other racial and ethnic backgrounds. This study assessed the dimensional structure of the CES-D 12-item scale using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a community-based sample of Black men ( n = 683). Two latent factors emerged from the scale that best fit the data: interpersonal negative affect (INA) and diminished positive affect (DPA). The item “I felt like everything I did was an effort” was removed from the final measure, resulting in an 11-item scale. The total score for the revised CES-D-11 displayed acceptable internal consistency on both latent factors (Cronbach’s α = 0.83 [INA] and 0.73 [DPA]) and model fit (χ2 = 165.58, TLI = 0.967, CFI = 0.974, RMSEA = 0.065). Results differ from CES-D factor analyses in other demographic groups, including studies with other male subpopulations, such that depressed mood and interpersonal problems factors are merged as a unidimensional construct. Findings suggest that the “effort” item from the CES-D 12 should be interpreted with caution among Black men. Future studies should continue to disentangle the divergent pathways in which Black men express depressed mood.
Low Rate of Complications Following Intramedullary Headless Compression Screw Fixation of Metacarpal Fractures
Authors: Warrender William J. , Ruchelsman David E. , Livesey Michael G. , Mudgal Chaitanya S. , Rivlin Michael
Published: March 2019

Background: There has been a recent increase in the use of headless compression screws for fixation of metacarpal neck and shaft fractures as they offer several advantages, and minimal complications have been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical complications and their solutions following retrograde intramedullary headless compression screw fixation of metacarpal fractures. We describe complications and the approach to their management. Methods: We performed a multicenter case series through retrospective review of all patients treated with intramedullary headless screw fixation of metacarpal fractures by 3 fellowship-trained hand surgeons. Patient demographics, implant used, type of complication, pre- and postoperative radiographs, operative reports, and sequelae were reviewed for each case. We defined complications as infection, loss of fixation, hardware failure, malrotation, nonunion, malunion, metal allergy, and any repeat surgical intervention. Results: Four complications (2.5%) were identified through the review of 160 total metacarpal fractures. One complication was a nickel allergy, one was a broken screw after repeat trauma, and 2 patients had bent intramedullary screws. Screw removal in 3 patients was simple and without complications or persistent limitations. One bent screw with a refracture was left in place. No serious complications were seen. Conclusion: Intramedullary screw fixation of metacarpal fractures is safe with a low incidence of complications (2.5%) that can be safely and effectively managed.
Initial Debridement of Dorsal Hand Abscesses in the Operating Room Does Not Improve Outcomes
Authors: Jennings John D. , Vroome Colin , Ly Justin A. , Thoder Joseph
Published: March 2019

Background: Hand infections frequently involve the dorsal aspect of the hand and often develop secondary to some traumatic mechanism. Although Staphylococcus aureus is most commonly isolated, anaerobic and polymicrobial infections are not uncommon. To date, treatment is largely anecdotal, with some surgeons preferring a formal debridement in the operating room, while others opt for an initial debridement at the bedside. The goals of this study were to compare outcomes between treatment modalities and to identify the most common causative organisms. Methods: A 10-year retrospective chart review was conducted to identify adult patients who presented with a dorsal hand infection to a single, level 1, urban trauma center. Demographic data were collected as well as the abscess size, location, duration of symptoms, treatment administered, number of formal debridements, length of hospital stay, and complications. Results: The number of formal debridements was significantly less in the initial bedside debridement group ( P < .01), as was the hospital length of stay ( P < .01). There was no significant difference in hospital readmissions, complications, or infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. There was also no significant difference in abscess size, duration of symptoms, or demographic data including age, sex, comorbidities, intravenous drug use status, and immunocompromised status. Conclusions: An initial debridement of dorsal hand infections at the bedside is at least as effective as formal debridement in the operating room. This decreases number of formal debridements and days in the hospital, without any increase in complications. This permits safe, expeditious, and cost-effective treatment for this common condition.
Trends in Primary Proximal Interphalangeal Joint System and Revisions for Osteoarthritis of the Hand in the Medicare Database
Authors: Madden Michael O. , Palmer Joseph R. , Ameri Bijan J. , Vakharia Rushabh M. , Landes Jacob , Roche Martin W.
Published: March 2019

Background: Proximal interphalangeal arthroplasty (PIPA) has been indicated for patients suffering from osteoarthritis (OA) or rheumatoid arthritis of the hand. Although there is extensive literature showing the outcomes of PIPA, there is paucity in the literature regarding trends of PIPA in patients with OA of the hand. The purpose of this study was to determine annual primary utilization and revision PIPA trends within the Medicare population with the use of an administrative database. Methods: A retrospective query was performed using the Medicare Standard Analytical Files from the PearlDiver database. Patients undergoing primary and revision PIPA with hand OA were queried using International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, and Current Procedural Terminology coding. Primary outcomes analyzed included annual and revision utilization of PIPA and demographic comparison of age, gender, and geographic location. Statistical analysis was primarily descriptive. An α value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The query returned 10 191 patients who underwent primary and revision PIPA between 2005 and 2013. Calculated annual growth rate for primary and revision PIPA was 2.40% and −0.03%, respectively ( P < .001). Patients between the ages of 70 and 74 years represented most of the patients undergoing a primary PIPA, whereas patients between 65 and 69 years most commonly underwent a revision procedure. Regionally, primary and revision PIPA were most commonly performed in the South. Conclusion: The data demonstrate an increased use of primary PIPA utilization for patients with OA, whereas revision PIPA decreased. The increased use indicates the increasing demand for PIPA in the United States.
Obstacle detection and tracking method for autonomous vehicle based on three-dimensional LiDAR
Authors: Xie Desheng , Xu Youchun , Wang Rendong
Published: March 2019

The movement state of obstacle including position, velocity, and yaw angle in the real traffic scenarios has a great impact on the path planning and decision-making of autonomous vehicle. Aiming at how to get the obstacle’s movement state in the real traffic scenarios, an approach is proposed to detect and track obstacle based on three-dimensional Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR). Firstly, the point-cloud data produced by three-dimensional LiDAR after the road segmentation is rasterized, and the reuse of useful non-obstacle cells is carried out on the basis of the rasterized point-cloud data. The proposed eight-neighbor cells clustering algorithm is used to cluster the obstacle. Based on the clustering result, static obstacle detection of multi-frame fusion is worked out by combining real-time kinematic global positioning system data and inertial navigation system data of autonomous vehicle. And we further use the static obstacle detection result to detect moving obstacle located in the travelable area. After that, an improved dynamic tracking point model and Kalman filter are applied to track moving obstacle stably, and we finally get the moving obstacle’s stable movement state. A large amount of experiments on the autonomous vehicle developed by us show that the method has a high degree of reliability.
The relationship between principals’ perceptions of school practices and student achievement in science: The implicit ethical meaning of the TIMSS
Authors: Shapira-Lishchinsky Orly
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to explore principals’ perceptions of school practices that have ethical meaning through a transnational perspective based on the 8th grade TIMSS 2015 international assessment. The sample comprised 8353 principals from 8353 different schools and 280,130 students that participated in the TIMSS 2015 survey. We used principals’ ranking procedure and Mplus for exploratory and confirmatory analyses, multilevel confirmatory analysis, and multiple group comparison. The results indicated that principals’ perceptions include three main dimensions with an ethical meaning: ‘caring for students’ learning’, ‘respecting the rules amongst students and teachers’ and ‘parents’ and students’ involvement in schooling’. These dimensions broaden the meaning of existing dimensions describing ethical practices in school leadership. In addition, they were found to positively predict students’ science achievements. The novelty of this study is reflected by the results, leading to the understanding that the TIMSS principals’ questionnaire has an additional meaning, which goes beyond its original parameters. The findings may lead to a better understanding of the importance of the role of educational leaders in promoting ethical school practices. This study set out to elicit a new transnational measure, which may warrant an exploration of the similarities and differences between countries.
Competing locals in an autonomous schooling system: The fracturing of the ‘social’ in social justice
Authors: Holloway Jessica , Keddie Amanda
Published: March 2019

This paper troubles notions of ‘social justice’ as being compromised and fractured by the autonomous school agenda. Drawing on interviews with 13 autonomous school principals in Australia, it demonstrates how the devolution of schooling simultaneously rips the seams of the ‘social’ fabric that makes collective justice possible. The stories of these principals signal a fracturing of the social cohesion that is necessary for creating a just and equal society. We aim to distinguish between individual efforts to create socially just conditions at the local level versus collective projects to create socially just conditions at the system level. We argue that, on the one hand, school autonomy affords individual principals opportunities to exercise what might be considered socially just discretion; on the other hand, this sometimes occurs at the expense of fracturing the cohesion of the greater public education system. In doing so, we challenge the extent to which social justice can be realised within a decentralised schooling system.
Successful coach learning: Digital workbook informed by pedagogical principles
Authors: Berntsen Hedda , Kristiansen Elsa
Published: March 2019

This study was based on the hypothesis that advances in cognitive science may be helpful for Coach Development Programs. We wondered: How can a learning tool such as a digital workbook that is informed by evidence-based pedagogical principles be helpful for coach development? After designing the learning material, based on the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, the digital workbook was used in a coach development program that aimed to improve coaches' need-supportiveness. Ten coaches at an elite sport school in Norway attended the program over a season, and afterwards they were asked whether the learning material had contributed to their knowledge of need-supportive skills. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed visualization, awareness, and transfer to one’s practice as the three main themes describing the educational value of the digital workbook. The material showed the coaches how need-support can be acted out in a sport-specific context. Additionally, the learning material resulted in increased engagement and awareness through coaches' reflections, which is an important step towards integrating new material to prior knowledge and create meaningful learning. Finally, the coaches highlighted transfer of the presented learning material to their practice experiences. We conclude that cognitive science may have useful implications for the design of effective learning materials for coach development programs.
Galerkin method with splines for total variation minimization
Authors: Hong Qianying , Lai Ming-Jun , Messi Leopold Matamba , Wang Jingyue
Published: March 2019

Total variation smoothing methods have been proven to be very efficient at discriminating between structures (edges and textures) and noise in images. Recently, it was shown that such methods do not create new discontinuities and preserve the modulus of continuity of functions. In this paper, we propose a Galerkin–Ritz method to solve the Rudin–Osher–Fatemi image denoising model where smooth bivariate spline functions on triangulations are used as approximating spaces. Using the extension property of functions of bounded variation on Lipschitz domains, we construct a minimizing sequence of continuous bivariate spline functions of arbitrary degree, d, for the TV- L2 energy functional and prove the convergence of the finite element solutions to the solution of the Rudin, Osher, and Fatemi model. Moreover, an iterative algorithm for computing spline minimizers is developed and the convergence of the algorithm is proved.
Kinetic studies on clinical and immunological modulations by intramuscular injection of Escherichia coli LPS in laying hens
Authors: Liermann Wendy , Frahm Jana , Halle Ingrid , Bühler Susanne , Kluess Jeannette , Hüther Liane , Dänicke Sven
Published: March 2019

The present study investigated clinical and immunological modulations due to intramuscular injection of Escherichia coli LPS in 49-wk-old laying hens over 48 h post injection (p.i.). LPS induced characteristic sickness behavior but no significant body temperature alterations ( P > 0.05). During experimental period decreases in blood albumin, calcium, phosphorus and tryptophan concentrations, hyperglycemia, increased plasma nitrite concentrations, leucopenia, decreased thrombocyte counts, lymphopenia, heterophilia and an increased heterophilic granulocyte/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio were observed after LPS administration. Time-dependent effects were shown on T and B cell subsets in caecal tonsils (CT) and on splenic CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ proportions, on IL-1β and -10 and inducible NO synthase mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), liver, spleen and CT, and on the mRNA expression of the TLR4 in PBL, liver and spleen p.i. ( P < 0.05). The main responding period of mentioned alterations due to LPS appears to include the period from 2 until 8 h p.i. According to the H/L ratio, the most stressful phase was 5 h p.i. T and B cell subsets in CT, the IL-1β and TLR4 mRNA expression in liver and plasma nitrite concentrations seemed to be affected for a longer period.
Debating global justice with Carr: The crisis of laissez faire and the legitimacy problem in the twenty-first century
Authors: Karkour Haro L
Published: March 2019

In Carr’s ethics, there is a link between the rise of the socialised nation and the crisis of laissez faire due to its loss of legitimacy among the lesser privileged. How far is this link in Carr’s ethics relevant today? There are two aspects to this relevance – theoretical and empirical. Theoretically, the article argues, Carr’s analysis is relevant to the statist-cosmopolitan debate on global justice. It highlights the political vacuum in which this debate operates in the absence of a framework of rights and obligations under laissez faire. Consequently, statist and cosmopolitan arguments are implicit in their acceptance of the violence committed by the status quo and lack the legitimacy Carr deemed necessary for international justice in the age of the socialised nation. The article then turns to highlight the empirical relevance of this critique. Here, it argues that the resurgence of nationalism in world politics shows that the problem of legitimacy is especially pressing today. The article thus calls for the debate on global justice to engage more seriously with Carr’s analysis of the crisis of laissez faire – specifically the legitimacy problem it raises in the twenty-first century.
Lyme disease
Authors: Lingard Jamie , Keeley Alex J , Douglas James
Published: March 2019

Lyme disease (LD) is the most common tick-borne infectious disease in the Northern hemisphere. LD can present with a wide range of symptoms depending on time since infection; from localised skin reactions such as erythema migrans, to widespread multi-system involvement. There may be non-specific symptoms of malaise, aching joints and muscles, and cognitive effects. Treatment with antibiotics is effective, especially if started in the early stages of infection. There is rising awareness of LD by the general public through media coverage and high-profile celebrity cases. Greater awareness has benefits, such as increased diagnosis and treatment of LD. However, cases in the media tend to highlight delays in diagnosis and complications of LD, which can lead to high levels of patient anxiety about the risks of LD.
Breaking the silence: Providing authentic opportunities for parents to be heard
Authors: Solvason Carla , Cliffe Johanna , Bailey Emma
Published: March 2019

Within western society over the past 30 years, a vivid picture has emerged of exactly what a ‘good’ parent looks like. This ideal parent works hard in order to contribute to the economic well-being of the nation at the same time as having abundant time for the nurture and educational development of their child. This parent does not question or challenge, but rather silently supports the superior knowledge of researchers, policymakers and educationalists. This parent is ‘valued’ as the child’s first educator, yet, the authors argue in this article, has no voice. In this literature-based article, the authors explore the silencing of parents within educational systems and look at the possibility of creating more authentic partnerships between them and educational settings. They challenge notions of parental conformity and instead encourage educational cultures where parents are invited to suggest and challenge, inspire and educate. They look at ways of opening positive channels of communication between parents and educationalists, where knowledge and perceptions of quality can be genuinely shared, recognising and respecting the multiple dimensions of school and family life.
Understanding health information management practices in public hospitals in Kuwait
Authors: Alhuwail Dari
Published: March 2019

Background:

Health information technology (IT) solutions can aid healthcare reform efforts, but without proper information management, these efforts are futile. In this study, we used Kuwait as an example of a high per-capita gross domestic product country that faces information management challenges to draw insights that can be generalised to other developed countries.

Objective:

(i) to uncover the status quo of information management practices in public hospitals and (ii) to offer recommendations to improve them.

Method:

This study analysed qualitative and quantitative accreditation-related data pertaining to the compliance with the information management standard at all secondary care public hospitals over two accreditation cycles.

Results:

Overall, public hospitals had made positive progress in their compliance with the information management standard. However, issues still existed with (i) developing and implementing an information management plan, (ii) involving the appropriate stakeholders in selecting health IT solutions and (iii) access to the Internet by staff and patients.

Conclusion:

Evidence underscored the importance of proper information management driven by clear centralised strategic plans.

Implications:

With the rapid adoption of digital health systems, the role of health information management leaders should not be undervalued. Embracing health IT solutions with strong information management practices can aid healthcare reform efforts.
Optimism Development Across Adulthood and Associations With Positive and Negative Life Events
Authors: Schwaba Ted , Robins Richard W. , Sanghavi Priyanka H. , Bleidorn Wiebke
Published: March 2019

Numerous studies have demonstrated long-term benefits of optimism for physical and mental health. However, little research has examined how optimism develops across the life span and how it is shaped by positive and negative life experiences. In this study, we examined the normative trajectory of optimism development from ages 26 to 71 in a longitudinal sample ( N = 1,169) of Mexican-origin couples assessed 4 times across 7 years. Latent growth curve analyses indicated that optimism increased throughout early and middle adulthood before plateauing at age 55, with significant individual differences in change. Furthermore, the experience of positive events was associated with optimism development across adulthood, but negative life events were not associated with development. Men and women developed similarly in optimism, while U.S.-born participants developed differently from Mexican-born participants. We discuss how these findings inform our understanding of optimism as a dynamic, adaptive construct.
Anaphylactic reaction to ethylene oxide in a hemodialysis patient
Authors: Akhavan Bobak J , Osborn Ugochi A , Mathew Reeba
Published: March 2019

We present the case of a patient who developed a severe systemic allergic reaction during initiation of hemodialysis. The reaction completely resolved by switching the dialysis filter sterilized by ethylene oxide to a steam sterilized filter. Ethylene oxide is used to sterilize heat sensitive medical devices, and although allergic reactions related to ethylene oxide have been reported before, awareness is lacking among providers in the inpatient setting, specifically in the intensive care unit setting.
Experience of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women living with HIV
Authors: Howells P , Modarres M , Samuel M , Taylor C , Hamoda H
Published: March 2019

Objective

To assess the uptake of hormone replacement therapy in women living with HIV (WLHIV) in particular acceptability, response to treatment and compliance.

Study design

Retrospective review of menopausal women attending a HIV medical gynaecology clinic in a tertiary referral London Hospital between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2016.

Main outcome measures

Patient demographics, presenting symptoms, uptake of hormone replacement therapy, type of hormone replacement therapy used and bone density assessment findings at presentation.

Results

Seventy-three HIV patients were evaluated. Of them 64 (87%) were of black ethnicity and 9 (13%) were of white ethnicity. The commonest presenting complaints were vasomotor symptoms (40/73, (55%)) followed by low mood/irritability (20/73, (27%)). When offered hormone replacement therapy, this was accepted by 28/53 (52%) in WLHIV. The commonest regimen prescribed was transdermal oestradiol/micronised progesterone. A total of 22/24 (91%) women of black ethnicity reported good symptom control if they had started hormone replacement therapy, with 4/24 (17%) subsequently discontinuing it; 3/4 (75%) of white women reported good symptom control with hormone replacement therapy, with no one discontinuing it. The commonest reason for discontinuation was irregular bleeding. Of WLHIV who had a bone density assessment, 15/25 (60%) had osteopenia while 2/25 (8%) had osteoporosis.

Conclusion

Our data show that only around 50% WLHIV accepted hormone replacement therapy when offered and a high proportion of these women discontinued it. Further research is needed to explore the reason leading to low uptake and high rates of stopping hormone replacement therapy. In addition, there is a need to increase awareness of the benefits of hormone replacement therapy in WLHIV both in the context of preventing osteoporosis and menopausal symptom management.
Patient centeredness: The perspectives of uninsured primary care patients in the United States
Authors: Kamimura Akiko , Weaver Shannon , Armenta Bianca , Gull Bethany , Ashby Jeanie
Published: March 2019

Introduction

Patient-centered care has become increasingly important within the United States (US) healthcare system. Given that patient-centered care predicts patient satisfaction, health outcomes, and cost-effectiveness, it is of the utmost importance to study patient-centered care from the perspectives of marginalized populations including minorities, immigrants, and other underserved populations. The purpose of this study is to examine factors that affect underserved primary care patients’ perceptions of patient centeredness.

Methods

The data were cross-sectional and collected in Fall 2016. Free clinic patients (N = 723) completed a self-administered survey, which measures patient centeredness, patient involvement in care, and clinical empathy. Validated measures were part of the survey, and the internal consistency of scales was tested. The general linear model was performed to predict factors associated with patients’ perceptions of patient centeredness.

Results

Higher levels of perceived patient involvement in care and higher levels of perceived empathy in consultation are related to higher levels of patient centeredness. While better physical health is associated with higher levels of perceived empathy in consultation, high levels of emotional health and depression are not.

Conclusions

Patients’ perceptions of involvement and empathy are important factors for patient-centered care, although this study did not show causal directions among variables. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that future studies should focus on the following three points: (1) to develop and evaluate trainings for providers, (2) develop education classes for patients who utilize free clinics, (3) analyze how these programs affect patient-centered care and health outcomes.