bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of Clostridium tyrobutyricum Spo0A overexpression in the intestine of mice
Authors: Liang Q. , Liu J. , Wei J. , Jia J. , Shen H. , Chen W. , Liang W. , Gao B. , Xu Z. , Zhang L.
Published: October 2020

Clostridium tyrobutyricum shows probiotic properties and can affect the composition of gut microbiota and regulate the intestinal immune system. Compared with other probiotics, this spore-producing bacterium shows unparalleled advantages in commercial production. In addition to being resistant to extreme living environments for extended periods, its endophytic spores are implicated in inhibiting cancer cell growth. We speculated that C. tyrobutyricum spores can also promote gut health, which mean it can maintain intestinal homeostasis. To date, the beneficial effects of C. tyrobutyricum spores on gut health have not been reported. In this study, a Spo0A-overexpressing C. tyrobutyricum strain was developed to increase spore production, and its probiotic effects on the gut were assessed. Compared with the wild-type, the engineered strain showed significantly increased sporulation rates. Mice administered with the engineered strain exhibited enhanced intestinal villi and the villus height/crypt depth ratio, weight gain and improved Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio to facilitate intestinal homeostasis. This study demonstrated for the first time that enhanced spore production in C. tyrobutyricum can improve intestinal homeostasis, which is advantageous for its commercial application in food and pharmaceutical industry.
Impact of Phyllantus niruri and Lactobacillus amylovorus SGL 14 in a mouse model of dietary hyperoxaluria
Authors: Manna L. , Rizzi E. , Bafile E. , Macchi C. , Ruscica M. , Salini R. , Rossi E. , Panebianco C. , Pazienza V. , Federici F.
Published: October 2020

Hyperoxaluria is a pathological condition which affects long-term health of kidneys. The present study evaluates the impact of the combination of Lactobacillus amylovorus SGL 14 and the plant extract Phyllantus niruri (namely Phyllantin 14™) on dietary hyperoxaluria. Safety and efficacy of Phyllantin 14 have been evaluated in vivo. Mice C57BL6 fed a high-oxalate diet were compared to mice fed the same diet administered with Phyllantin 14 by gavage for 6 weeks. Control mice were fed a standard diet without oxalate. No adverse effects were associated to Phyllantin 14 supplementation, supporting its safety. Mice fed a high-oxalate diet developed significant hyperoxaluria and those administered with Phyllantin 14 showed a reduced level of urinary oxalate and a lower oxalate-to-creatinine ratio. Soluble and insoluble caecal oxalate were significantly lower in treated group, a finding in agreement with the colonisation study, i.e. mice were colonised with SGL 14 after 3 weeks. Microbiota analysis demonstrated that both oxalate diet and Phyllantin 14 can differently modulate the microbiota. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Phyllantin 14 supplementation represents a potential supportive approach for reducing urinary oxalate and/or for enhancing the efficacy of existing treatments.
On the importance of intraindividual variation in nutritional research
Authors: Larsen O.F.A. , Claassen E. , Brummer R.J.
Published: October 2020

Nutritional intervention studies, like those with pre- and probiotics, are often hampered by low effect sizes, reducing the power to demonstrate potential efficacy. Here, we perform computer simulations of a hypothetical clinical trial using such an intervention in order to elucidate determining factors that can be influenced in order to optimise the statistical power. Our simulations demonstrate that steering the study population towards a low intraindividual variation dramatically improves statistical power. A more than 10-fold decrease of number-to-treat could be reached. Also, a careful balancing between the number of subjects and measurements per subject, in combination with possible stratification of the subjects into responders and non-responders, based on inherent intraindividual variation, improves the likelihood to reach statistically significant results. Our results also show that traditional dogmas, with respect to clinical trials, i.e. aiming at low interindividual variation and a high number (n) of study participants, should be re-evaluated in favour of reducing intraindividual variation. This reduction in intraindividual variation could be achieved by maintaining a steady lifestyle, including dietary habits among others, within the timeframe of the intervention study.
Refractive Outcomes of Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Combined With Cataract Surgery in Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy
Authors: Bae Steven S. , Ching Geoffrey , Holland Simon , McCarthy Martin , Ritenour Rusty , Iovieno Alfonso , Yeung Sonia N.
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the refractive outcomes of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty combined with cataract surgery (DMEK triple) in patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy.

METHODS:

A retrospective analysis of 68 eyes of 68 patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy who underwent DMEK triple between 2014 and 2018.

RESULTS:

The mean age of patients was 66.5 ± 8.6 years, and 65% (44 of 68) were female. Mean target refraction was −0.69 diopters (D) (interquartile range: −0.80 to −0.50 D). At 6 months, 47% (32 of 68) and 63% (43 of 68) of eyes were within ±0.50 and ±1.00 D of target refraction, respectively. Among eyes greater than 0.50 D from target, 78% (28 of 36) were hyperopic surprises. Mean spherical equivalent at 6 months was −0.14 ± 1.26 D, representing a mean hyperopic shift of 0.55 D from target. Preoperative pachymetry was higher in eyes with greater than 0.50 D of hyperopic surprise (648 ± 60 vs 613 ± 49 µm,
P
= .04). Refractive shift was greater in eyes with a preoperative central corneal thickness of 640 µm or greater versus eyes with a central corneal thickness of less than 640 µm (+1.20 ± 0.92 vs +0.40 ± 0.99 D,
P
= .02). None of the eyes with a preoperative central corneal thickness of 640 µm or greater shifted myopically compared to target (range: −0.09 to +2.89 D).

CONCLUSIONS:

A mean hyperopic shift of 0.55 D from target refraction occurred after DMEK triple, and 47% of eyes were within 0.50 D of target refraction at 6 months postoperatively. Thicker corneas preoperatively had greater hyperopic shift. A greater myopic target refraction may be warranted in eyes with a preoperative central corneal thickness of 640 µm or greater.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(10):661–666.]
Cross-sectional Study on Corneal Denervation in Contralateral Eyes Following SMILE Versus LASIK
Authors: Liu Yu-Chi , Jung Angel Se Ji , Chin Jia Ying , Yang Lily Wei Yun , Mehta Jodhbir S.
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE:

To compare long-term corneal nerve status following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) versus laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

METHODS:

Twenty-four patients were randomized to receive SMILE in one eye and LASIK in the other eye. In vivo confocal microscopy examination and dry eye assessments were performed at a mean of 4.1 years postoperatively. The patients were further divided into two groups based on the mean assessment time: 2.7 years postoperatively (2.7 years group) and 5.5 years postoperatively (5.5 years group). Another 6 age-matched normal patients were recruited.

RESULTS:

At 4.1 years, LASIK eyes had significantly less corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD), corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), and corneal total branch density and significantly more nerves with beading than SMILE eyes. The CNFD, CNBD, CNFL, and number of nerves with sprouting were significantly higher in the 5.5 years group than in the 2.7 years group, in both types of surgery, suggesting persistent nerve regeneration. The CNBD and CNFD in the 5.5 years group, regardless of surgical types, were significantly lower than those in the control group, indicating the nerve status had not recovered to normal ranges even at 5.5 years. High myopic treatment resulted in significantly reduced CNFD with LASIK but not with SMILE. There were no significant differences in the dry eye parameters between the two procedures at 4.1 years postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS:

The impact on corneal nerves following refractive surgery is long-lasting. SMILE had better nerve preservation and regeneration than LASIK, but neither procedure had recovered nerve status to normal levels even at 5.5 years.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(10):653–660.]
Early Corneal and Epithelial Remodeling Differences Identified by OCT Imaging and Artificial Intelligence Between Two Transepithelial PRK Platforms
Authors: Shetty Rohit , Narasimhan Raghav , Dadachanji Zelda , Patel Pavitra , Maheshwari Sonia , Chabra Aishwarya , Sinha Roy Abhijit
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE:

To analyze corneal and epithelial remodeling differences between SmartSurfACE reverse transepithelial PRK (SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions) and Streamlight (Alcon Laboratories, Inc) transepithelial PRK procedure using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and artificial intelligence (AI).

METHODS:

This was a prospective, interventional, and longitudinal study. A contralateral eye study was conducted in which one eye was assigned to the SmartSurfACE group and the fellow eye was assigned to the Streamlight group. OCT was performed preoperatively and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity and residual refractive error was measured only preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months. From OCT, curvature and aberrations of the air–epithelium (A–E) interface, epithelium–Bowman's layer (E-B) interface, and epithelium Zernike indices (EZI) were derived. Pain was evaluated at 1 day postoperatively using the Wong-Baker scale.

RESULTS:

Both groups had similar UDVA, CDVA, residual refractive error, and changes in A–E and E-B curvatures at 3 and 6 months postoperatively (
P
> .05). However, many parameters indicated that the Streamlight group underwent a greater change in A–E aberrations, E-B aberrations, and EZI than the SmartSurfACE group postoperatively (
P
< .05). The EZI indicated a greater level of epithelial thickness distortion in the Streamlight group than in the SmartSurfACE group (
P
< .05). Using AI, the EZI were most indicative of remodeling differences between the two groups. Further, the pain was significantly greater at 1 day in the Streamlight group (
P
< .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Early remodeling differences existed because the Streamlight procedure removed a greater amount of epithelium than the SmartSurfACE procedure. However, the visual and refractive outcomes were comparable.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(10):678–686.]
Evaluation of the Safety and Long-term Scleral Biomechanical Stability of UVA Cross-linking on Scleral Collagen in Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Sun Mingshen , Zhang Fengju , Li Yu , Ouyang Bowen , Wang Mengmeng , Jiao Xuan , Zhang Li , Wang Ningli
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE:

To investigate the changes of retinal and choroidal parameters, scleral biomechanical strength, and ocular histopathology after scleral ultraviolet-A (UVA) cross-linking (CXL) in rhesus monkeys eyes, and to evaluate the safety and long-term biomechanical stability of scleral CXL for preventing myopia from progressing further in clinic.

METHODS:

Six 3-year-old male rhesus monkeys (12 eyes) were randomized to receive UVA-CXL procedures applied on the superotemporal equatorial sclera. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) were used for examination before and 1 week and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after CXL. The stress-strain behaviors of equatorial scleral strips were analyzed 12 months postoperatively by a biomaterial tester. Hematoxylin–eosin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining were performed 12 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

For central retinal thickness, choroidal thickness, and flow density of central retinal superficial vascular networks, no statistical difference was noted between CXL eyes and control eyes at 12 months postoperatively (
P
> .05). The biomechanical stability of sclera was increased. The scleral stress and Young modulus at 8% strain corresponded to 184% and 183%, respectively, of the control values at 12 months (each
P
< .001). No retinal damage was detected on histology in scleral CXL eyes. There was no obvious difference between scleral CXL eyes and control eyes by hematoxylin–eosin and TUNEL staining (
P
> .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Scleral CXL with riboflavin/UVA in rhesus monkey eyes could strengthen the biomechanical properties of scleral tissues and maintain the stability for 12 months postoperatively. The UVA-CXL on the sclera of rhesus monkey eyes seems to be effective and safe.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(10):696–702.]
Screening for Mental Health Problems in Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Parkhurst John T. , Friedland Susan
Published: October 2020

Systematic mental health screening is a recommended but controversial process in the pediatricians' behavioral health tool kit. Although the American Academy of Pediatrics and other organizations promote routine behavioral health screening, implementing an effective and sustainable screening program can be challenging. We discuss the rationale for and barriers to screening in pediatric settings, identify accessible validated tools that can be easily incorporated into practice, and suggest a practical strategy for implementing a more accurate screening system for common mental health concerns in pediatric primary care.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(10):e421–e425.]
Evaluation of a Novel Decision Guide “Go to the Hospital or Stay Here?” for Nursing Home Residents and Families: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Tappen Ruth M. , Worch Sarah M. , Newman David O. , Hain Debra
Published: October 2020

Initiatives to reduce potentially preventable hospitalizations of nursing home residents have focused on staff response to changes in condition and advance care planning. Yet, resident and family insistence on transfer has been one of the most intractable sources of these hospitalizations, although not the target of active intervention until now. Consented residents and family members in the intervention group received a newly developed decision aid entitled, “Go to the Hospital or Stay Here?,” providing information on the risks and benefits of transfer versus remaining in the nursing home. This person-centered decision aid was developed from the results of 271 interviews of residents, families, and providers to identify what they wanted to know and any misunderstandings surrounding the transfer process. Engaging residents in the decision respects their right to participate and provides the information they need to make a deliberative decision. The intervention group showed a gain in knowledge and reduction in decisional conflict but reported decreased decisional preparation. There was no decrease in transfers compared to the control group. Evaluation of the decision guide by residents and families was positive.

Targets:

Nursing home residents and their family members.

Intervention:

To provide information regarding the decision to stay in the nursing home or transfer to acute care due to a change in condition.

Mechanisms of Action:

Decision aid “Go the “Hospital or Stay Here?” to impart knowledge regarding the decision to remain in the nursing home or transfer to acute care.

Outcomes:

Use of the Guide was found to increase residents' and family members' knowledge and decrease decisional conflict, but it did not increase decisional preparation. No reduction in transfers was found. Residents and families rated the Guide as very helpful. [
Research in Gerontological Nursing, 13
(6), 309–319.]
Stabilization of higher order Schrödinger equations on a finite interval: Part I
Authors: Batal Ahmet , Özsarı Türker , Yılmaz Kemal Cem
Published: October 2020

We study the backstepping stabilization of higher order linear and nonlinear Schrödinger equations on a finite interval, where the boundary feedback acts from the left Dirichlet boundary condition. The plant is stabilized with a prescribed rate of decay. The construction of the backstepping kernel is based on a challenging successive approximation analysis. This contrasts with the case of second order pdes. Second, we consider the case where the full state of the system cannot be measured at all times but some partial information such as measurements of a boundary trace are available. For this problem, we simultaneously construct an observer and the associated backstepping controller which is capable of stabilizing the original plant. Wellposedness and regularity results are provided for all pde models. Although the linear part of the model is similar to the KdV equation, the power type nonlinearity brings additional difficulties. We give two examples of boundary conditions and partial measurements. We also present numerical algorithms and simulations verifying our theoretical results to the fullest extent. Our numerical approach is novel in the sense that we solve the target systems first and obtain the solution to the feedback system by using the bounded invertibility of the backstepping transformation.
Besednovrstna in druga slovnična problematika besedja slovenskih protestantskih piscev 16. stoletja
Authors: Merše Majda
Published: October 2020

Prispevek ima namen okvirno in z izbranimi tipi predstaviti problematiko besednovrstnega označevanja besedja, zajetega s popolnim izpisom del slovenskih protestantskih piscev 16. stoletja. K zanesljivim in ustreznim rešitvam prispevajo poleg rezultatov analize celovitega gradiva tudi novi teoretični razmisleki, upoštevanje razvojnih sprememb v slovenskem jeziku ter upoštevanje jezikovnozgodovinskih dejstev, veljavnih za tiste jezike, ki so na slovenščino neposredno ali posredno vplivali, zlasti za nemščino. Na nujnost poznavanja realnega obsega besednovrstnih vlog posameznega leksema je pokazano na osnovi podrobnejše analize besedice kje (< kej), ki lahko nastopa samostojno ali kot sestavina zloženke.
Frazemi s pomenom 'piti' in 'biti pijan' v slovenskem in ruskem jeziku
Authors: Savelieva Elena
Published: October 2020

V prispevku ima avtorica namen prikazati, kako se prekrivata in razlikujeta frazeologiji slovenskega in ruskega jezika pri izražanju pijančevanja oz. pijanosti, ki sta v obeh jezikih predstavljena z bogato paleto frazemov.
Antihiatski pojavi v knjižni slovenščini
Authors: Jurgec Peter
Published: October 2020

Hiat kot strukturna posledica samoglasniškega niza je v jezikih sveta največkrat podvržen procesom, ki ga odpravljajo: diftongizacija, oblikovanje drsnika, vstavljanje soglasnika, sovpad v en(oten) samoglasnik ali izpad (Casali 1998). Analiza samoglasniških nizov v slovenščini (Jurgec 2004b) je pokazala, da se vsi našteti antihiatski pojavi pojavljajo tudi v slovenščini znotraj fonoloških besed: vstavljanje [j] in diftongizacija Vu na splošni sistemski fonološki ravni, oblikovanje drsnika in izpad sta omejena na posamezne primere, fonetično pa se pojavljajo reduktivni procesi (diftongizacija, izpad in sovpad) in razpad (vstavljanje [u], [!], [?] in [#]).
Digitalizacija pisnega narečnega gradiva v dialektološki sekciji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU v Ljubljani
Authors: Weiss Peter , Žejn Andreja
Published: October 2020

V prispevku je predstavljeno optično branje (skeniranje) narečnega gradiva, ki od leta 2003 poteka v dialektološki sekciji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU v Ljubljani, in sicer obseg in oblika optično prebranega gradiva, dokumentiranje slik ter standardi in postopki pri optičnem branju.
Frazemi s pomenom ‘premikati se’ v slovenskem knjižnem jeziku
Authors: Savelieva Elena
Published: October 2020

Razprava obravnava frazeme s skupnim pomenom »premikati se«, ki so analizirani s tematskega, motivacijskega in strukturnega vidika. Poskuša odgovoriti na vprašanje, kako se v frazemih slovenskega knjižnega jezika tematizira premikanje, katere vrste premikanja so zastopane z večjim številom frazemov in kakšno je razmerje med pomenom sestavin in celotnim pomenom frazema.
Slovenski knjižni jezik v 16. stoletju (jezikoslovni simpozij ob petstoletnici rojstva Primoža Trubarja) (Ljubljana, 17.–19. aprila 2008)
Authors: Novak France
Published: October 2020

V Ljubljani je od 17. do 19. aprila 2008 potekal jezikoslovni simpozij Slovenski knjižni jezik v 16. stoletju. Simpozija, ki ga je priredil Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša (Sekcija za zgodovino slovenskega jezika), se je udeležilo 32 referentov: 24 domačih in 8 tujih. Ob simpoziju je izšel Zbornik povzetkov. V njem so pregledni referati s posameznih jezikovnih ravnin za zadnja desetletja mimo prikaza najpomembnejših vlog slovenskega jezika v 16. stoletju (od narodotvorne vloge, vloga posredovalca božje besede in tudi posredovalca drugih vsebin) do predstavitev številnih jezikoslovnih problemov tega jezika in okoliščin, v kateri so Trubar in njegovi delovali in se odločali o jezikovnih vprašanjih.
Poletna terminološka šola (Ljubljana, 4.–6. 9. 2008)
Authors: Žagar Karer Mojca
Published: October 2020

V prispevku avtorica poroča o poletni terminološki šoli, ki je potekala od 4. do 6. septembra v prostorih ZRC SAZU. Šolo so organizirali Sekcija za terminološke slovarje in Leksikološka sekcija Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, Oddelek za prevajalstvo Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani ter organizaciji EAFT (The European Association for Terminology) in TermNet (International Network for Terminology). Poletne terminološke šole se je udeležilo 36 udeležencev, ki so poslušali 25 predavanj in se udeležili okrogle mize in treh delavnic, ki so potekale na Filozofski fakulteti.
Trubarjeva Hišna postila (1595) v odnosu do Lutrove prevodne predloge
Authors: Merše Majda
Published: October 2020

Prispevek je namenjen analizi Trubarjeve prevajalske tehnike v Hišni postili, ki je njegov najobsežnejši prevod, hkrati pa tudi njegova zadnja knjiga (izšla je leta 1595). Ker je Trubar prevajal Lutrovo postilo, sta bili v prevodnem razmerju nemščina in slovenščina 16. stoletja. V prispevku so naštete najopaznejše prevodne razlike, ki jih je deloma povzročila različnost jezikov, deloma pa so posledica različno motivirane Trubarjeve izbire.
Proces podomačevanja in vprašanje pisanja novejših prevzetih besed
Authors: Bizjak Končar Aleksandra , Dobrovoljc Helena
Published: October 2020

Prispevek obravnava vprašanje pisanja novejših v slovenščino prevzetih besed. Da bi pokazali, da je prevzemanje besed jezikovna sprememba, ki poteka postopoma, tako da v jeziku soobstajajo različne oblike, smo za raziskavo izbrali področje hrane in pijače. Analiza izbranega besedja, prevzetega v različnih časovnih obdobjih iz različnih jezikov, je pokazala, da je intenzivnost podomačevanja odvisna od prepleta jezikovnih, družbenih in psiholoških dejavnikov. V sklepnem delu pa opozorimo, da je spoznanja o podomačevanju kot procesu treba upoštevati pri slovarskem prikazu prevzetih besed.
Nikolaj Mihajlov (Nikolai Mikhailov)
Authors: Torkar Silvo
Published: October 2020

V torek, 25. maja 2010, je v Vidmu (Udine) na pragu svojega 43. rojstnega dne – rojen je bil 11. junija 1967 v Moskvi – nepričakovano sklenil svojo življenjsko pot baltist in slavist Nikolaj Mihajlov (Nikolai Mikhailov).
New Slovenian multiword lexemes from a lexicographic perspective
Authors: Petric Špela
Published: October 2020

This article discusses new multiword lexemes from a lexicographic perspective. The synthesis of studies on multiword lexemes to date and the analysis of the stability and semantic transparency of multiword headwords based on linguistic theory and a corpus analysis of the material serve as the premise for an experimental typology of multiword dictionary headwords from the list of headwords in the Slovar novejšega besedja slovenskega knjižnega jezika (Dictionary of New Standard Slovenian Vocabulary). It highlights the issues of including multiword lexemes in the dictionary and discusses the issue of dictionary definitions and the accentuation of components of multiword lexemes.
Borrowing words from German into sixteenth-century standard Slovenian
Authors: Legan Ravnikar Andreja
Published: October 2020

The book Besedje slovenskega knjižnega jezika 16. stoletja (The Sixteenth- Century Standard Slovenian Lexicon, 2011) reveals a relatively large share of words borrowed from or via German and new words coined from them. The loanwords were gradually adapted to Slovenian in terms of phonetics, morphology, word-formation, and ultimately spelling. This article presents the features of borrowing foreign words in the emerging standard language norm and the consequences and new elements that influenced the overall character of the oldest form of standard Slovenian.
Designations for ‘slap’ in Slovenian dialects in Austrian Carinthia: Expressivity on a linguistic map
Authors: Žejn Andrejka
Published: October 2020

The material collected for producing lexical linguistic maps and defining typical areas of designations in Slovenian dialects in Austrian Carinthia includes expressions denoting ‘slap’. The majority of these designations are expressive, and they also share an unclear or onomatopoetic origin. Based on a comparison of the meanings of etymologically and word-formationally related vocabulary, these designations can be classified into semantic groups. The areal distribution of designations for ‘slap’ is classified into several types of areal distributions of vocabulary in Austrian Carinthia.
The contribution of Murko’s and Pleteršnik’s dictionaries to the development of Slovenian botanical terminology
Authors: Ditmajer Nina
Published: October 2020

This article presents nineteenth-century Slovenian botanical terminology as seen in the two major Slovenian-German dictionaries from that century, by Murko (1833) and Pleteršnik (1894–1895). Various sources are presented that are or could be the basis of the botanical terms in the dictionaries. The article lists all of the botanical terms with Latin equivalents in Murko’s dictionary. This is not possible for Pleteršnik’s dictionary due to the large number of such equivalents because the field was already advanced at that time.
A Teaching Model for Developing Public Speaking Competence
Authors: Petek Tomaž
Published: October 2020

This article presents a teaching model for developing public speaking competence that also offers every public speaker later critical monitoring of his own progress and awareness of this area. Namely, effective public speaking is something that needs to be learned. The teaching model presented is composed of criteria for assessing speaking in public and recommendations based on them for successful and effective public speaking. Mastering this area is a precondition for every individual’s personal and professional success.
Primerjava govorov Babnega Polja in Ravnic v luči starejših in mlajših slovenskih jezikovnih sprememb
Authors: Gostenčnik Januška
Published: October 2020

Prispevek predstavlja primerjavo govorov krajev Babno Polje, ki spada v kostelsko narečje dolenjske narečne skupine, in Ravnice v Gorskem kotarju na Hrvaškem. Oba govora sta vključena v mrežo Slovenskega lingvističnega atlasa (SLA). Diahrona primerjava obeh govorov na fonološki ravnini kaže na njuno skupno lingvogenezo, s čimer se utemeljuje vključitev govora Ravnic v regularno mrežo SLA. Govor Ravnic je na osnovi mlajših jezikovnih pojavov uvrščen v kostelsko narečje.
Označevanje v slovenskih narečnih slovarjih
Authors: Weiss Peter
Published: October 2020

V zadnjih dveh desetletjih se v slovenskih narečnih slovarjih uporablja označevanje, in sicer predvsem z označevalniki, ki pripomorejo k temeljitemu in gospodarnemu opisu jezikovnih pojavov. V primerja vi s slo varji slo venskega knjižnega jezika ima označevanje v slovenskih narečnih slovarjih nekatere posebnosti, ki so obravnavane v tem prispevku.
Fonološki opis govora v Radencih
Authors: Koletnik Mihaela
Published: October 2020

Radenci danes niso več točka v mreži za SLA. Kraj, kije bil v Ramovševi mreži oštevilčen s številkami279,290in 304 (Benedik 1999: 109), je ob preureditvi mreže izpadel. Ker je raziskava slovenskogoriškega narečja1 (Koletnik 1999:1-433) pokazala, da so Radenci še zadnja vzhodna točka, kjer se govori slovenskogoriško narečje oz. njegovo vzhodno podnarečje (v sosednjih Petanjcih se govori prekmursko, na Kapelskem Vrhu in v Hrastju Moti pa prleško narečje), sem glasoslovje tega govora predstavila v obliki fonološkega opisa.
Rudolf Kuchar, Pravo a slovenčina v dejinäch. Vydalo Vydavatel'stvo Rak Budmerice. Budmerice 1998
Authors: Novak France
Published: October 2020

Na Slovaškem se je v zadnjih desetletjih razvilo močno jezikoslovje. Jezikoslovci posvečajo veliko pozornosti tudi zgodovini slovaščine.
Slovensko fôkselj (m.), gen. -na in sorodne besede
Authors: Jazbec Helena
Published: October 2020

Ker je v nemščini izpričano Faxe (f.) 'šala ', Faxer (m.), gen. -s 'cirkuški klovn', v švabski nemščini faxen 'uganjati norčije', v koroški nemščini pa fax (m.), gen. -es 'šaljivec ', se ugotavlja, da so slovenske besede fôkselj, fôksne, fôksler, fôksner izposojene iz bavarske nemščine. Ustreznih predlog za vse omenjene izposojenke v nemščini ni bilo mogoče najti, zato se izposoja dokazuje z nemškim besedotvor-jem in s priponsko enakimi izposojenkami v slovenščini, ki imajo ustrezne nemške predloge.
Fonološki opis govora Ložnice pri Žalcu (SLA 324)
Authors: Jakop Tjaša
Published: October 2020

Krajevni govor Ložnice pri Žalcu (Slovenski lingvistični atlas, točka št. 324) spada v štajersko narečno skupino, natančneje v srednjesavinjsko narečje. Živahna preteklost kraja in njegova lega ob glavni prometnici Celje-Ljubljana je vplivala (in še vedno vpliva) na precej hiter razvoj govora in medsebojna jezikovna prepletanja, zato prihaja do raznih nepredvidljivih dvojnic za istovrstne jezikovne pojave. Tudi dolgi samoglasniški sistem je zaradi številnih položajnih in prostih različic precej zapleten.
Fonološki opis govora pri Sv. Ani na Kremberku v Slovenskih goricah
Authors: Koletnik Mihaela
Published: October 2020

V članku je s fonološkim opisom predstavljen mejni govor zahodnega slovenskogoriškega podnarečja, tj. govor Sv. Ane na Kremberku v Slovenskih goricah. Ta je v Ramovševi mreži za Slovenski lingvistični atlas oštevilčen s številko 295 (Benedik 1999: 109). Ob preureditvi mreže je kraj izpadel, v mrežo pa je bil s številko 365 vključen bližnji zaselek Kremberk (Benedik 1999:113; Koletnik 1996: 165-178). Čez Sv. Ano na Kremberku je tekla zgodovinska meja med Karantanijo in Spodnjo Panonijo (Kovačič 1928:27-28; Murko 1962: 343), čez cerkev sv. Ane meja medjareninsko in radgonskopražupni-jo (Kovačič 1928: 64), danes pa po tej črti, tj. od Zgornje Velke na severu prek Sv. Ane na Kremberku v bližino Sv. Trojice in nato do Dvorjan pred Vurberkom ob Dravi, teče meja med zahodnim in vzhodnim slovenskogoriškimpodnarečjem (Koletnik 1999: 370).
Nekatera aktualna vprašanja poknjiževanja in razknjiževanja zemljepisnih lastnih imen
Authors: Torkar Silvo
Published: October 2020

V prispevku se zavračajo čedalje pogostejši poskusi vsiljevanja narečnih oblik za že standardizirana poknjižena slovenska zemljepisna lastna imena. Predstavljena so dosedanja praksa in pravila poknjiževanja. Avtor se načelno zavzema za večje upoštevanje starejših narečnih prvin pri standardizaciji in postavlja pod vprašaj dosledno kabinetno tvorjenje stanovniških imen.
Territorio y sociedad entre los Caya­pas del Siglo XVI
Authors: Palop Martínez Josefina
Published: October 2020

No disponible.
Españoles y americanos, agentes de un mercado regional
Authors: Converso Félix E.
Published: October 2020

No disponible.
La revolución y el comercio interior. Análisis de la desintegración del mercado virreinal rioplatense a partir del caso cordobés
Authors: Lobos Héctor Ramón
Published: October 2020

No disponible.
Las cooperativas de riego como instrumentos particulares de apropiación elitista de tierras en el valle del Rio Negro
Authors: Ockier María Cristina
Published: October 2020

No disponible.
Envejecimiento dinámico por deformación en aleaciones Mg-Gd solubilizadas ensayadas a compresión a temperaturas intermedias
Authors: Chávez Bryan W. , Garcés Gerardo , Pérez Pablo , Barea Rafael , Adeva Paloma
Published: October 2020

Tres aleaciones Mg-Gd ensayadas a compresión a temperaturas intermedias muestran un fenómeno de serrado dependiente de la velocidad de deformación y de la temperatura de ensayo. La aparición de este fenómeno se relaciona con la segregación de átomos de soluto en las dislocaciones móviles y/o en las fronteras de macla. Los ensayos de compresión se han realizado en un intervalo de temperaturas comprendido entre 25 y 300 °C y a velocidades de deformación comprendidas entre 4×10−5 y 8×10−3 s−1 con el fin de analizar el fenómeno de serrado, e implícitamente, el proceso de envejecimiento dinámico por deformación. Experimentalmente se ha comprobado que el aumento de la concentración de gadolinio en solución sólida disminuye la energía de activación del proceso.
Nationalismes dans la patrie du socialisme. Mobilisations nationales des étudiants du tiers-monde en Union soviétique
Authors: Katsakioris Constantin
Published: October 2020

L’article revisite le mouvement politique des étudiants d’Afrique et du Moyen-Orient en URSS pendant la guerre froide. Il entend démontrer qu’à côté des idéologies anti-impérialiste et communiste, plusieurs groupes nationaux ou issus des minorités nationales s’engagèrent en premier lieu pour leur cause nationale. Les Kurdes quittèrent l’union irakienne pour fonder une union kurde, les Somaliens soutinrent l’annexion des territoires peuplés par des Somaliens au Kenya et en Éthiopie, et les Biafrais combattirent pour la sécession pendant la guerre civile au Nigeria. La cause nationale était souvent beaucoup plus importante que celle du socialisme.
Histoire sociale d’une idée négro-africaine : la circulation transnationale de la négritude
Authors: Afom Frank
Published: October 2020

Née à Paris dans les années 1930, la négritude s’est progressivement détachée de la contingence de son origine et de ses pionniers pour devenir le leitmotiv de plusieurs générations d’écrivains originaires d’Afrique et des Caraïbes qui l’ont plus ou moins réévaluée. La négritude a ainsi voyagé dans le temps et dans l’espace en dessinant une trajectoire transnationale que cette recherche essaie de restituer. À travers ce prisme circulatoire inspiré de l’histoire sociale des idées politiques et de la théorie voyageuse, cet article expose la conception originale de la négritude. Il présente ensuite son caractère diasporique. Puis il rend compte des entreprises institutionnelles qui ont été au cœur de sa fabrique transnationale.
Décoder la diaspora de Stuart Hall. Historicité, performativité et performance d’un concept
Authors: Chivallon Christine
Published: October 2020

Cet article propose une analyse de la « diaspora de Stuart Hall » à partir des propres concepts forgés par le sociologue. Il cherche à travers le modèle du encoding-decoding (codage-décodage) à explorer les significations de la formation diasporique caribéenne et les positionnements théoriques de Stuart Hall. La première partie est consacrée à une comparaison de l’usage de la diaspora au sein des espaces académiques français et britannique en prenant appui sur deux textes exemplaires pour montrer l’hégémonie des normes discursives qui prévalent dans chacun de ces espaces. La « diaspora de Stuart Hall » apparaît alors dépendante de l’historicité des codes qui ont vu le basculement dans le paradigme postmoderne. La seconde partie s’intéresse aux marges depuis lesquelles Stuart Hall a reconfiguré ce basculement avec une « articulation » de son positionnement à la normativité académique et qui mettent au jour autant sa posture théorique critique vis-à-vis du postmodernisme que l’express.
Um olhar não heteronormativo sobre mobilidade e permanência em espaço urbano
Authors: Aleph Coletivo
Published: October 2020

O projecto do Coletivo Aleph centrou-se na discussão dos quotidianos em espaço urbano de pessoas com diferentes identidades, expressão de género e orientação sexual. Estes quotidianos que têm lugar em áreas públicas abertas (praças, ruas, jardins, parques), em espaços semipúblicos de recreação e lazer (cafés, academias, clubes desportivos, centros comerciais, etc.) e em espaço privado (em casa), são desafiados quando se questiona quem os concebeu e para quem foi projectada a cidade. Com efeito, nem todos esses espaços “socialmente aceites” são inclusivos, garantem segurança, promovem afectos e conforto. Talvez por serem pensados ​​e projectados a partir de lentes heteronormativas, as suas características produzem efeitos diferenciados na mobilidade, permanência, segurança e, não raras vezes, produzem práticas excludentes. Perguntamos, assim, se esses espaços não são, em última análise, aqueles que permitem a presença, a mobilidade e a acção de certos grupos e pessoas, mas inibem o pleno acesso de outras, levando ao debate sobre os direitos humanos, cidadania e direito à cidade. A crítica foi desenvolvida por esta investigação culminou na elaboração de um webdocumentário (ferramenta digital disponível em http://www.ceg.ulisboa.pt/mpps/#3).O instrumento comunicacional então utilizado para apresentar a nossa pesquisa (o webdocumentário) explora conteúdos relacionados com a experiência urbana de jovens estudantes universitários com diferentes identidades, expressão de género e orientação sexual, que narram, discutem e criticam o espaço urbano concebido segundo as lentes heteronormativas. Esta crítica é sustentada através das histórias dos sujeitos envolvidos e voluntários na nossa investigação. A metodologia que o Coletivo Aleph utilizou para a recolha de informação centrou-se nas técnicas qualitativas da narrativa, sob a forma de storytelling, storymapping, e go-along techniques, tendo resultado em mapas, fotos, registos escritos, áudios e infográficos que ilustram a vida urbana dos e das participantes. Além das narrativas obtidas sob os referidos formatos, foi utilizada uma aplicação em que foram registados os pontos-chave dos seus quotidianos urbanos, expressando assim as sensações/atmosferas de acolhimento, repulsa, tranquilidade, liberdade, etc. Este artigo explora os objectivos, metodologia e resultados a que o Coletivo chegou.
Contributos para a compreensão da mobilidade : Uma análise às travessias pedonais
Authors: Silva Márcia , Araújo Emília , Ribeiro Rita
Published: October 2020

Existem vários modelos de travessias pedonais que são acompanhados de pressupostos diversos sobre o comportamento dos peões durante o atravessamento. Neste artigo cruzam-se contributos de várias áreas científicas acerca dos tipos e usos das travessias pedonais e analisam-se os resultados de um estudo realizado sobre uma travessia pedonal sem sinais luminosos localizada na cidade de Braga. O estudo, que pretendeu caracterizar como os peões e automobilistas usam uma travessia, serve de fundamento empírico para a construção de um esboço de uma problemática acerca das travessias pedonais. Foi realizado durante o ano de 2019, com recurso a inquérito por questionário e observação directa. Assim, e de forma exploratória, o artigo permite identificar algumas das principais interrogações de ordem sociológica relevantes para o entendimento e a intervenção nas esferas da segurança rodoviária nas cidades e que implicam o planeamento e a tipologia de travessias pedonais, assim como o reforço do trabalho interdisciplinar sobre o tema.
Spineless cactus varieties resistant to carmine cochineal (Dactylopius sp.) on the composition and sensory properties of goat milk
Authors: Fernandes Beatriz Dantas Oliveira , Queiroga Rita de Cássia Ramos do Egypto , Costa Roberto Germano da , Silva Divan Soares da , Maciel Mariana de Lima , Ramos Alenice Ozino , Medeiros Ariosvaldo Nunes de
Published: October 2020

The physical-chemical characteristics and sensory attributes of milk are variable. This study aimed to evaluate how spineless cactus varieties resistant to carmine cochineal (Dactylopius sp.) influences the composition and sensory characteristics of goat milk. Twelve lactating goats with body weights of 51.35 ± 3.75 kg were distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square, with three simultaneous squares composed of four animals, four periods, and four experimental diets: Control - goats fed tifton grass hay and concentrate; SCOE - goats fed the Orelha-de-elefante spineless cactus, tifton hay, and concentrate; SCB – goats fed the Baiana spineless cactus, tifton hay, and concentrate; SCM – goats fed the Miúda spineless cactus, tifton hay, and concentrate. The levels of protein and non-greasy solids and the sensory attributes of the milk (odor, butter flavor, and global acceptance) did not differ between the treatments (p > 0.05). The lipid content of the milk was reduced in the SCOE treatment compared to the control (p = 0.0014). The milk obtained from animals fed the SCOE and SCM treatments had a stronger flavor (p < 0.05). These results suggest that varieties of spineless cactus resistant to carmine cochineal can be used as goat feed without affecting milk production or global acceptance.
Effect of different protocols for estrus synchronization on reproductive performance of Santa Inês ewes under Amazon environmental conditions
Authors: Silva Regina Oliveira da , Oliveira Roseane Pinto Martins de , Silva André Ferreira , Oliveira Franklyn Ferreira de , Rufino João Paulo Ferreira , Silva Márcia Lorena Monteiro da
Published: October 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different hormonal protocols on the reproductive performance of Santa Inês ewes in Amazon environmental conditions. Twenty-two Santa Inês ewes between 3 and 4 years-old were distributed in a randomized block experimental design, where the treatments consisted of two protocols for estrus synchronization (short and long) with eleven animals each. Data on the occurrence of estrus were described for each protocol. Data of estrus, pregnancy, and prolificity were firstly subjected to ANOVA and a subsequent Tukey’s test. Results were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. The short-term protocol presented an interesting successful rate, where above 70% ewes tested had estrus. The long-term protocol also achieved a high successful rate, where above 80% ewes tested had estrus. However, comparing the protocols, the long-term protocol presented better results of positive estrus and pregnancy rates in ewes. Thus, it can be concluded that both protocols presented satisfactory results regarding estrus manifestation, and prolificity (lambs produced per ewe). However, under Amazon environmental conditions, the long-term protocol presented better results regarding positive manifestation of estrus and pregnancy rate.
Agronomic characteristics of the Pennisetum glaucum submitted to water and saline stresses
Authors: Almeida Mirna Clarissa Rodrigues de , Leite Mauricio Luiz de Mello Vieira , Souza Luciana Sandra Bastos de , Simões Vicente José Laamon Pinto , Pessoa Luiz Guilherme Medeiros , Lucena Leandro Ricardo Rodrigues de , Cruz Manoela Gomes da , Sá Júnior Eduardo Henrique de
Published: October 2020

Agricultural production in semi-arid regions is limited due to water availability. In addition, the water quality available for irrigation is often compromised due to the high salt content present. Millet is a forage species considered tolerant to water deficit and moderately salt tolerant. In view of the above, the objective was to evaluate the growth of millet under water and saline stress associates. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, in a 4x3 factorial scheme, composed of four levels of water replacement, based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc): 25%.ETc, 50%.ETc, 75%.ETc and 100%.ETc and three levels of water salinity (0.03, 2.0 and 4.0 dS m-1). With 25%.ETc independent of salinity, all morphological characteristics of millet were affected, occurring death of plants in the initial growth phase. In the absence of salt and greater availability of water, greater plant growth occurred. With respect to salinity, there was a reduction in the increment of all variables evaluated, with the highest reduction at the highest saline level (4.0 dS m-1). Water and salt stresses, when associated, reduce the growth of millet, since concentrations above 2.0 dS m-1 and less than 50%.ETc compromise its full development, providing declines in yield.
O pesquisador e a divulgação científica em contexto de cibercultura e inteligência artificial
Authors: Conceição Verônica Alves dos Santos , Chagas Alexandre Meneses
Published: October 2020

A produção do conhecimento científico remete à compreensão do modo como se elabora um corpo de saberes legitimado como Ciência. Na trama produtiva destaca-se o papel do pesquisador em atos de pesquisa e divulgação do conhecimento produzido. Nessa perspectiva, o pesquisador utiliza-se da pesquisa como instrumento de elaboração da ciência e da divulgação como resposta à função social do conhecimento. Sendo produzir e divulgar vistas como etapas essenciais do processo de investigação, este estudo objetiva perceber como pesquisadores de programas de pós-graduação de uma universidade pública da Bahia compreendem o papel da divulgação científica e apresentar o contexto de Cibercultura e Inteligência Artificial como possibilitadores do ato de divulgar Ciência. Se constitui um recorte de uma pesquisa empírica que tematizou o pesquisador e a divulgação científica. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com três professores/pesquisadores de programas de pós-graduação e são analisados de modo compreensivo. Como resultado constata-se que pesquisadores reconhecem o contexto ciber e de Inteligência Artificial como fecundo para socializar o conhecimento produzido, mas não se sentem disponíveis e responsabilizados para tal tarefa. Conclui-se que, as compreensões de pesquisadores acerca da Ciência desenham os modos utilizados para produzir conhecimento e sustentam os comportamentos relacionados à divulgação científica. Dar visibilidade à Cibercultura e ao contexto de Inteligência Artificial, como espaço-tempo de socialização do saber e do fazer coletivo, contribui para a aproximação entre pesquisador/sociedade e ciência/cultura.
Sabedoria e política no De ratione
Authors: Caporali Riccardo
Published: October 2020

O artigo analisa a relação entre sabedoria e política nas primeiras obras de Vico. A primeira parte concerne às Orationes. A segunda examina o De ratione (sétima oratio, mais tarde transformada em ensaio independente, publicado em 1709). Finalmente, a terceira parte refere-se ao De antiquissima, um tratado publicado em 1710. O objetivo do artigo é demonstrar como o pensamento de Vico, a despeito da notável diversidade desses textos, gira em torno da idéia de uma primazia fundamental (metafísica e moral) da sabedoria sobre a política. Isso significa que, nessa primeira fase de sua reflexão teórica, o De ratione não constitui uma exceção, mesmo à luz de inovações metodológicas que induzem intérpretes a reconhecer uma ruptura em relação à concepção anterior. Apenas nas grandes obras (Direito universal e, em particular, as três edições da Ciência nova) a relação entre sabedoria e política terá uma diferente e muito mais complicada orientação, de modo a transformar completamente o sentido dessa antiga primazia.