bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Achievements of the College 1948–61
Authors: Tarry F. T.
Published: December 2017

The author is greatly obliged to Chief Superintendent S. Roberts, Director of the Department of Police Procedure at the Police College, for compiling the statistical information.
The International Police Rally
Authors: Gott John
Published: December 2017

Our Motoring Correspondent describes one of the most truly international forms of sport confined to serving police officers.
Motoring
Authors: Gott John
Published: December 2017

Our Motoring Correspondent gives his impressions of a much improved model from a famous factory.
The Police Mutual Assurance Society
Authors: Brown William
Published: December 2017

It is over 30 years since the Police Journal published an article on the P.M.A.S. Chief Inspector Brown, a member of the Society's General Committee and also of its Committee of Management, now brings its story up to date.
The Promotion Exams
Authors: Devlin J. Daniel
Published: December 2017

The third of a series of articles of special interest to examination candidates and to all concerned with training.
The Promotion Exams
Authors: Devlin J. Daniel
Published: December 2017

The fourth of a series of articles of interest to examination candidates and to all concerned with training.
The Promotion Exams
Authors: Devlin J. Daniel
Published: December 2017

The ninth of a series of articles of interest to examination candidates and all concerned with training.
The Promotion Exams
Authors: Devlin J. Daniel
Published: December 2017

The thirteenth of a series of articles of interest to examination candidates and all concerned with training.
The Burton Atrocity
Authors: Brockwell D. M.
Published: December 2017

This account of the successful investigation of a murder committed in circumstances of mass violence is surely a classic of police science.
Crime and the Liberty of the Subject
Authors: Shawcross Lord
Published: December 2017

Lord Shawcross's article is based on a lecture he gave to the Police College, Bramshil, on June 13, 1966
The Promotion Exams
Authors: Devlin J. Daniel
Published: December 2017

This is the fourth of a series of articles of special interest to candidates for the Promotion Exams. The articles all deal with aspects of police administration and organization, which is one of the subjects in Part II of the syllabus, and of those sections of Part I of the syllabus which deal with police procedure. Mr. Devlin is Author of Police Procedure, Administration and Organization
The Problem of Our Time
Authors: Muir A. A.
Published: December 2017

Mr. Muir reflects on some of the issues raised during the International Police Exhibition in Hanover last September
A New Look at Recruit and Probationer Training
Authors: Mahir T. E.
Published: December 2017

Mr. Mahir, who retired from the Metropolitan Police in January of this year, was Assistant Commissioner “D”. Training was one of his responsibilities and during his period of office great advances in this field were made in his Force in respect of recruit, probationer and cadet training. Our readers will remember Mr. Mahir's key article “Managing People” in our August, 1966 issue.
The Future of the Police
Authors: Jacob Ian
Published: December 2017

We publish below the full text of the third Frank Newsam Memorial Lecture, delivered before a distinguished audience at the Police College, Bramshill, on June 15, 1967.
The One I Remember
Authors: Eads P.
Published: December 2017

We congratulate Mr. Eads on having been awarded the first place in our “The One I Remember” Competition.
Homicide Investigation
Authors: Lockley Thomas
Published: December 2017

We invited Mr. Lockley to review Homicide Investigation by Le Moyne Snyder, published by Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, U.S.A., at $14. His article was so interesting that we decided not to relegate it to our book section. Mr. Lockley, prior to his retirement, was assistant chief constable of Staffordshire, and will be known to many of our readers as a former Deputy Commandant of the Police College, head of the British Police Unit in Cyprus during the emergency, and chief of the Staffordshire C.I.D.
The Queen's Police Gold Medal Essay Competition
Authors: Whitrod R. W.
Published: December 2017

We congratulate Mr. Whitrod on winning The Queen's Gold Medal for the following Essay.
“Strange Things Happen”
Authors: Muncie William
Published: December 2017

Another of Mr. Muncie's early cases, this time about the ignorance which soon ceased to be bliss for a sneak thief
The Police Use of Firearms: Some Problems
Authors: Greenwood Colin
Published: December 2017

The following article is entirely unofficial and represents only the views of the author.
The Police Research and Development Branch
Authors: Watts Peter
Published: December 2017

The work of the Police Research and Development Branch at the Home Office, despite the wide circulation of its Bulletin, is still too little known to the Service. We asked Mr. Watts, therefore, to set out for our readers some information on its activities.
Squatters
Authors: Wood J. C.
Published: December 2017

Our Legal Correspondent gives his views on a difficult and very topical issue.
Police Science: The American Revolution
Authors: Bopp William
Published: December 2017

Mr. Bopp served as a police officer in Dade County (Florida) Sheriff's Department and the Oakland Police Department before taking up an academic career. He is now an instructor in Police Science and Criminology at Central Piedmont Community College, Charlotte, North Carolina.
A Look at Parole
Authors: Griffin John
Published: December 2017

Mr. Griffin was a post-graduate student in Criminology at the University of Keele when he wrote this article. The parole scheme has now been operating for over two years; he describes its working and discusses various views of its worth.
Coloured Immigrant Communities and the Police
Authors: Dear G. J.
Published: December 2017

Mr. Dear's article is based upon a study he made whilst attending the Senior Command Course at the Police College, Bramshill. It constitutes a general appreciation of the position regarding coloured immigrant communities with particular reference to problems presented to the police.
Race and Public Order in an American City
Authors: Banton Michael
Published: December 2017

This is the first of two articles based on Professor Banton's recent study of policing in the United States. (The second article: “Labour-Management Relations in an American Police Department” will appear in our October issue.)
The Missing Twenty Thousand
Authors: Lockley Thomas
Published: December 2017

A famous former chief officer of police reviews a recent book on the Service in the light of his own beliefs and experience.
Communications and Crime
Authors: Gay William O.
Published: December 2017

We publish below the first of two highly authoritative articles on the policing of rail transport.
Emerging Patterns in American Police Administration
Authors: Wilson James Q.
Published: December 2017

Professor Wilson's article was first presented as a paper at a seminar on the Sociology of the Police, convened by Professor Michael Banton at the University of Bristol. We are honoured to have this contribution from the author of Varieties of Police Behaviour (Harvard University Press, 1968).
Police and Public: Communication
Authors: Hunt R. A.
Published: December 2017

We congratulate Chief Inspector Hunt on winning Her Majesty's Gold Medal with the following essay, submitted in the 1972 Queen's Police Gold Medal Essay Competition. The theme set was: “The art of communication between Police and Public has become more complex and increasingly important — Can it be improved?”
Jury Trial in Criminal Cases
Authors: Copley Peter
Published: December 2017

A famous actor of stage, screen and television appears in a new role in this account and criticism of trial by jury
Armament for Police Officers on Protection
Authors: Harold M. C. D.
Published: December 2017

The following article is entirely unofficial and represents only the views of the author.
Is Stress a Factor That is Considered When Officers are Posted within the Police Service?
Authors: Ashworth J. S.
Published: December 2017

Chief Inspector Ashworth's article arises out of a research paper he prepared whilst a member of the Junior Command Course at the Police Staff College. Mr. Ashworth makes no claim to being an “expert” on police stress but he has been, to use his own words, “of longstanding supervisory rank and also a branch board representative.” What he has done is to pose pertinent questions to forces concerning their policies in relation to police postings and stress. The replies, which he analyses here, are both intriguing and challenging.
Charles Reith Man of Principle 1886–1957
Authors: Stanley Clifford R.
Published: December 2017

One of the best horses ever to come from the stable of police research since Major Melville Lee. Determined, dedicated, forthright, provocative and a man of the highest integrity, he was a peculiarly sensitive interpreter of the hitherto neglected 18th and 19th century British Police affairs of a kind who had no equal. His First World War experiences and of the many races and nationalities coupled with his deep and thorough researches into the origin of the British Police Principles upon which the British Police is based which can be found in all his works he had a fervent desire to see those principles applied on an international scale — prompted him to write “Police Principles and the Problem of War”, which was published by Oxford University Press shortly after the outbreak of the Second World War.
The Royal Commission — Cataclysm or Catalyst?
Authors: Acres Paul
Published: December 2017

As part of its term of reference to examine the effectiveness of the criminal justice system in securing the conviction of the guilty and the acquittal of the innocent, the Runciman Royal Commission will consider whether changes are needed in the conduct and supervision of police investigations. This paper argues that the fundamental issue to be addressed is the integrity of evidence, a problem which has been of concern to every Royal Commission into the police this century yet which remains outstanding. It argues that it is now both necessary and politically acceptable for ACPO to use the commission as a catalyst to increase its leadership and policy setting role to address the problem nationally from a central perspective. It examines integrity in relation to evidence gathering and attempts to define its importance, to assess how it is lost and to recommend how it can be restored. It suggests that whilst systems have value in this respect they do not address the underlying behaviour or the culture from which malpractice springs and that, whatever the commission recommends, it is the more fundamental issue of culture which will have to be addressed by internal central direction. Rather than wait for changes to be imposed from outside the service it recommends that ACPO should seize the initiative, carefully research all issues, design and introduce new internal systems to improve procedures and then introduce and promulgate an applied code of ethics to enhance the professionalism and culture of our organization. It envisages that ACPO might wish to invoke a joint association approach, similar to that involved in the preparation of the Operational Policing review, to do so. Having put its own house in order, it suggests the service should then submit details of its internal response to the commission together with its carefully researched recommendations for other ‘external’ changes which would improve the whole criminal justice system. It contends the price of not responding in such a positive manner may be the imposition of working practices less effective than those the service might design - perhaps cataclysmic change and a lost opportunity to radically improve the judicial system. Cataclysm or catalyst? The choice it suggests is ours.
Factors Affecting Police/Social Work Inter-Agency Co-Operation in a Child Protection Unit
Authors: Lardner Ronald
Published: December 2017

A case study of a joint police/social work child protection unit identified factors which were perceived by staff as affecting co-operation. Factors identified reflected differences in the management structure and style, time scale, training, quality of communication, quality of information sought and decision-making processes found in the two organizations. The degree of openness and honesty in working relationships was sub-optimal. Such work led to certain personal changes amongst the staff. Findings are discussed in the light of literature on police/social work cooperation and occupational psychology. It is concluded that scope exists for improvement to be made to the degree of co-operation by adopting changes in management style, providing more social support for staff and training on both inter-agency co-operation and stress.
A Warning Shot!
Authors: Marshall Robert
Published: December 2017

As we all know, firearms are relatively new to the majority of British police officers. As such, many of the training and tactical techniques have been imported. There is one foreign practice however that Home Office officials and firearms instructors should consider carefully before incorporating it in future training programmes. I refer to what at first sight seems the perfectly reasonable concept of firing a warning shot in the air.
Judicial Review — How the Police are Helping with Their Own Inquiries: Part Two
Authors: Beckley Alan
Published: December 2017

This article, which is divided into three parts, examines cases decided by judicial review in which police officers have participated as plaintiffs and defendants. When the cases are viewed as a whole, it appears that the police have played a significant role in developing this area of the law, whether they have been willing or unwilling litigants. Part One examined legal procedures and principles. Overall, the cases have determined substantial areas of civil liberty law and have given guidelines on the power and authority of police forces and individual police officers.
The effect of fabric movement on washing performance in a front-loading washer V: Focusing on the role and shape of the lifter
Authors: Yun Changsang , Choi Han Ra , Park Sohyun , Park Chung Hee
Published: December 2017

When washing clothes in a front-loading washer, the lifter affects fabric movement and detergency by lifting up the fabric and then making it fall. In order to clarify the role of the lifter in a front-loading washer, fabric movement, and detergency were examined with or without a lifter. Seven factors are involved in the lifter shape, namely back width ( Wb), middle width ( Wm), front width ( Wf), the ratio between the top and bottom width ( c), back height ( Hb), front height ( Hf), and length ( L), which were altered to identify the most effective factors in the lifter shape and how fabric movement and detergency were changed according to lifter shape. When the middle width ( Wm), length ( L), and gap between the back height ( Hb) and the front height ( Hf) were increased, fabric movement became more complex and detergency was also increased. A new lifter developed by optimizing these shape factors showed 6.8% higher detergency than a conventional lifter.
Context-Based Leisure Travel Facilitation among People with Mobility Challenges: A Self-Determination Theory Approach
Authors: Zhang Ye , Cole Shu , Ricci Peter , Gao Jie
Published: December 2017

In response to the pressing need to psychologically empower people with mobility challenges (PwMC) to travel, this study proposes the facilitation of self-determined travel motivations as a promising approach. The variation of self-determined travel facilitation across different challenge levels is examined through a quasi-experimental design and analyzed with a new test of moderated mediation based on Hayes’ (2015a) model. The results indicate that for PwMC with significant travel challenge levels, the tourism industry should prioritize the cultivation of intrinsic travel motivations and perceived travel competence satisfaction over less-autonomous motivation dimensions and satisfaction of alternative psychological needs. Such cross-context exploration extends self-determination theory with a new moderator of challenge levels. The adopted new analysis of moderated mediations is competitive regarding accuracy, efficiency, and robustness for less-controlled, real-world tourism experiments. Results can also guide the customization of motivational programs for different PwMC to maximize the effectiveness of psychological empowerment for travel.
Science, state, and spirituality: Stories of four creationists in South Korea
Authors: Park Hyung Wook , Cho Kyuhoon
Published: December 2017

This paper presents an analysis of the birth and growth of scientific creationism in South Korea by focusing on the lives of four major contributors. After creationism arrived in Korea in 1980 through the global campaign of leading American creationists, including Henry Morris and Duane Gish, it steadily grew in the country, reflecting its historical and social conditions, and especially its developmental state with its structured mode of managing science and appropriating religion. We argue that while South Korea’s creationism started with the state-centered conservative Christianity under the government that also vigilantly managed scientists, it subsequently constituted some technical experts’ efforts to move away from the state and its religion and science through their negotiation of a new identity as Christian intellectuals ( chisigin). Our historical study will thus explain why South Korea became what Ronald Numbers has called “the creationist capital of the world.”
Psychology Students’ Expectations Regarding Educational Requirements and Salary for Desired Careers
Authors: Strapp Chehalis M. , Drapela Danica J. , Henderson Cierra I. , Nasciemento Emily , Roscoe Lauren J.
Published: December 2017

This study investigated the accuracy of psychology majors’ expectations regarding careers. Psychology majors, including 101 women and 35 men ( Mage = 23 years; standard deviationage = 6.25), indicated a desired career and estimated the level of education needed and the expected annual salary for the career. Students’ expectations were compared with Bureau of Labor Statistics data. Students completed the Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form to assess the career efficacy and expectations. Students overestimated education needed for a career, but salary estimates did not differ from market statistics. Students’ confidence in career choice and expected income was related to career efficacy. Results highlight the importance of career advising and support for psychology students entering the job market.
Psychology Doctoral Program Admissions
Authors: Littleford Linh Nguyen , Buxton Kim , Bucher Meredith A. , Simon-Dack Stephanie L. , Yang Kao Lee
Published: December 2017

What do psychology doctorate programs require and prefer in their master’s level applicants? Do the programs value students’ graduate experiences during and postadmission? Doctoral programs’ ( n = 221) responses to an online survey showed that most required letters of recommendation, personal statements, Graduate Records Examination scores, and undergraduate grade point average. These credentials, interviewing skills, and student–mentor research match are crucial to admission decisions. However, clinical PhD, counseling PhD, clinical and counseling PsyD, practice subfields (e.g., school psychology), and research subfields (e.g., social psychology) evaluated differently 8 of the 26 credentials. Master’s-level applicants benefit more than bachelor’s-level applicants when beginning their doctoral work (e.g., having their master’s theses waived), but the advantages vary by subfields. Implications and recommendations for doctoral applicants are discussed.
Affordances and Alignments
Authors: Landrum R. Eric
Published: December 2017

Challenges abound in providing accurate and useful information to prospective and declared psychology majors about their career options and how to make decisions that will lead to satisfying and rewarding postgraduate lives. One component of this challenge is that by majoring in psychology, career affordances (i.e., the opportunities and limitations inherent to psychology) lead to generalized opportunities that are available to many different disciplinary majors. Another component of this challenge is the alignment between students’ self-reflection and understanding about career goals being aligned with accurate and available information about the desired careers. Understanding how affordances and alignments affect psychology major advising may provide a fruitful framework in moving forward to provide the best professional development resources possible.
The Impact of Experiential Avoidance and Event Centrality in Trauma-Related Rumination and Posttraumatic Stress
Authors: Bishop Lia S. , Ameral Victoria E. , Palm Reed Kathleen M.
Published: December 2017

Cognitive control strategies like rumination often increase posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, extant research has provided equivocal results when attempting to explain why this phenomenon occurs. The current study explored several mechanisms that may clarify such findings. For this study, 193 trauma-exposed community members completed measures of PTSD, rumination, experiential avoidance, and event centrality. Elevated reports of rumination were associated with greater PTSD symptomology, experiential avoidance, and event centrality. Results suggest that rumination indirectly influenced PTSD symptom severity through experiential avoidance. This pattern held true regardless of whether a trauma survivor viewed their reported trauma as central or peripheral to their personal identity. These data suggest that the link between ruminating about a traumatic experience and enhanced PTSD symptomology may be partially explained by increasingly restrictive cognitive patterns and enhanced avoidance of aversive internal stimuli. Furthermore, they provide preliminary evidence to suggest that rumination and experiential avoidance are strongly associated with one another (and subsequent PTSD symptomology) among trauma survivors, regardless of how central a traumatic event is to an individual’s personal narrative. Such findings support clinical interventions like exposure, which progressively support new learning in response to feared or unwanted experiences in service of expanding an individual’s cognitive and behavioral repertoires.
Safety Culture, Patient Safety, and Quality of Care Outcomes: A Literature Review
Authors: Lee Seung Eun , Scott Linda D. , Dahinten V. Susan , Vincent Catherine , Lopez Karen Dunn , Park Chang Gi
Published: December 2017

This integrative literature review was conducted to examine the relationships between safety culture and patient safety and quality of care outcomes in hospital settings and to identify directions for future research. Using a search of six electronic databases, 17 studies that met the study criteria were selected for review. This review revealed semantic inconsistencies, infrequent use of a theory or theoretical framework, limited discussions of validity of instruments used, and significant methodological variations. Most notably, this review identified a large array of nonsignificant and inconsistent relationships between safety culture and patient safety and quality of care outcomes. To improve understanding of the relationships, investigators should consider using a theoretical framework and valid measures of the key concepts. Researchers should also give more attention to selecting appropriate sampling and data collection methods, units of analysis, levels of data measurement and aggregation, and statistical analyses.
Understanding third parties at Westminster: The SNP in the 2015 parliament
Authors: Thompson Louise
Published: December 2017

Opposition politics in the British House of Commons is dominated by the ‘Official’ Opposition. However, other parties also carry out opposition roles in the chamber. This is particularly true of the third largest party, which is afforded some parliamentary privileges yet is overlooked in studies of Parliament. This article fills this gap, using a case study of the Scottish National Party (SNP) to analyse the challenges facing the third party in the Commons. It additionally contributes to the literature on regional nationalist parties, exploring the micro level variables affecting their agenda-setting capacities within a state level parliament. Drawing primarily on elite interviews with SNP members of parliaments (MPs) and staff, it finds that third party rights are not as significant as they may appear. Party size alone is not sufficient to guarantee impact in the Commons. Strategies to overcome the inherent procedural constraints of the chamber are also required. In the SNP case, this included incremental organisational change, a highly collegiate intra-party culture, and mentoring from existing MPs during the 2015 Parliament.
Attachment and self-regulation performance in preadolescence
Authors: Heylen Joke , De Raedt Rudi , Verbruggen Frederick , Bosmans Guy
Published: December 2017

In preadolescence, research has shown links between the quality of children’s attachment relationships and children’s perceived self-regulatory abilities. However, less research has focused on the association between attachment and preadolescents’ self-regulation performance. In a sample of 120 children, aged 9–13, we administered questionnaires to assess trust in maternal support and anxious and avoidant attachment. In addition, mothers reported about their children’s self-regulatory abilities, and children performed the Stop-Signal Task (SST). Consistent with predictions, correlation analyses revealed that a more insecure attachment relationship with mother was not only associated with less self-regulatory abilities as perceived by mother but also with preadolescents’ lower self-regulation performance in the SST. Adding demographic variables as covariates to the analyses did not significantly alter these effects. The current multi-method study contributes to an increasing awareness of the importance of the quality of the mother–child relationship for children’s self-regulation.
Receiving supportive communication from Facebook friends: A model of social ties and supportive communication in social network sites
Authors: High Andrew C. , Buehler Emily M.
Published: December 2017

This study distinguishes perceptions of, preferences for, and outcomes related to people’s social ties online. It expands understanding of when and why using social network sites (SNSs) provides people with several types of supportive communication by integrating users’ social capital and preference for weak tie support. Prior research is synthesized and extended to build a heuristic model of social ties and supportive communication in SNSs that considers network-based variables (i.e., social capital, preference for weak ties) as mechanisms that link the use of SNSs to the supportive messages people receive. A community sample ( N = 553) completed an online questionnaire. Results indicated that intensity of Facebook use corresponds with both social capital and received support. Moreover, social capital mediates and preference for weak ties moderates the relationship between using Facebook and receiving support, and results differ according to the types of social capital and support under consideration. Facebook use, for example, only corresponds with receiving informational and esteem support when users exhibit sufficient preferences for weak tie support.
Maximizing Efficiency in State Infrastructure Finance: The Role of Competition, Citizen Monitoring Capacity, and Institutions
Authors: Chen Can
Published: December 2017

In the United States, despite record levels of public infrastructure spending, evidence on rising traffic congestion and deteriorating infrastructure condition raises questions about the efficiency of government infrastructure spending. This research aims at empirically assessing and explaining the relative efficiency in producing public highway infrastructure outcomes among American states. To achieve this purpose, a semiparametric analysis—the two-stage double bootstrap data envelopment analysis method—is applied to examine how highway infrastructure efficiency scores can be estimated and explained by a number of exogenous variables among 47 American states from 1995 to 2009. This study finds that there is a large efficiency variation among states in terms of producing quality highway infrastructure services. Furthermore, interstate competition, jurisdiction size, fiscal capacity, and political and fiscal institutions are the key factors influencing the efficiency performance of state highway infrastructure systems.
Incarcerated Women’s Experiences and Perceptions of Participating in Research
Authors: Schelbe Lisa , Hardwick Amanda , Wilfong Ashley N. , Hanifin Cynthia E. , Tripodi Stephen J. , Pettus-Davis Carrie
Published: December 2017

The research process within prisons has largely considered researchers’ perspectives. Only one known study explicitly examined incarcerated persons’ perceptions and no known studies have explored incarcerated persons’ experiences with research on sensitive topics. This study examines incarcerated women’s experiences with participating in research on victimization. A thematic analysis was conducted on responses to open-ended questions about participating in a research study from 227 women in two prisons who participated in a study about victimization. Women prisoners were overwhelmingly positive about participating in the research study with the vast majority willing to participate in a future study. Participants believed participating in the study provided opportunities for them to share their story, heal, reflect, grow, and help others. Some women mentioned that discussing certain topics created uncomfortable emotions and memories. Participants perceived benefits of participating in research. Implications for research in prisons are presented.
“A Writer More Than . . . a Child”: A Longitudinal Study Examining Adolescent Writer Identity
Authors: Lammers Jayne C. , Marsh Valerie L.
Published: December 2017

This article reconsiders theoretical claims of identity fluidity, stability, and agency through a longitudinal case study investigating one adolescent’s writing over time and across spaces. Qualitative data spanning her four years of high school were collected and analyzed using a grounded theory approach with literacy-and-identity theory providing sensitizing concepts. Findings uncovered how she laminated identity positions of perfectionism, expertise, risk taking, and learning as she enacted her passionate writer identity in personal creative writing, English classrooms, an online fanfiction community, and theater contexts. Using “identity cube” as a theoretical construct, the authors examine enduring elements of a writer’s identity and the contextual positioning that occurs when youth write for different audiences and purposes. Findings suggest that adolescents approach writing with a durable core identity while flexibly laminating multiple sides of their identity cube, a reframing of identity that has implications for literacy-and-identity research.
Role of Neuroinflammation in Evolution of Childhood Epilepsy
Authors: Koh Sookyong
Published: December 2017

Until a decade ago, epilepsy research had focused mainly on alterations of neuronal activities and excitability. Such neurocentric emphasis has neglected the role of glia and involvement of inflammation in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. It is becoming clear that immune and inflammatory reactions do occur in the brain despite the brain’s lack of conventional lymphatic drainage and graft acceptance and the presence of vascular brain barrier that tightly regulates infiltration of blood monocytes and lymphocytes. The critical roles of brain-resident immune mediators and of brain-infiltrating peripheral leukocytes are increasingly recognized. Inflammatory processes, including activation of microglia and astrocytes and production of proinflammatory cytokines and related molecules, occur in human epilepsy as well as in experimental models of epilepsy. Immune mechanism that underlies evolution of drug-resistant epilepsy and epileptic encephalopathy represents a new target and will aid in development of novel immunotherapeutic drugs and therapies against the key constituents in immune pathways.
Intimate Partner Violence Among Patients With Dissociative Disorders
Authors: Webermann Aliya R. , Brand Bethany L. , Kumar Shaina A.
Published: December 2017

Childhood trauma is common among survivors and perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV). Although symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociative disorders (DDs) are predictors of IPV victimization and perpetration, few studies explore IPV among those with DDs. The present study examined IPV and symptoms as predictors among participants in the Treatment of Patients With Dissociative Disorders (TOP DD) Network study, an educational intervention for individuals with DDs and their clinicians. Both clinicians and patients reported on patients’ history of physical, emotional, and sexual IPV as both victims and perpetrators. Patients self-reported dissociative, posttraumatic (PTSD), and emotion dysregulation symptoms, as well as IPV-specific dissociative symptoms. According to patients and clinicians, patients were frequently victims of IPV, most commonly emotional IPV. Dissociative symptoms predicted IPV exposure, whereas dissociative and emotion dysregulation symptoms predicted IPV-specific dissociative symptoms.
Legally Armed but Presumed Dangerous: An Intersectional Analysis of Gun Carry Licensing as a Racial/Gender Degradation Ceremony
Authors: Carlson Jennifer
Published: December 2017

This article analyzes gun carry licensing as a disciplinary mechanism that places African American men in a liminal zone where they are legally armed but presumed dangerous, even as African Americans now experience broadened access to concealed pistol licenses (CPLs) amid contemporary U.S. gun laws. Using observational data from now-defunct public gun boards in Metropolitan Detroit, this article systematically explores how CPLs are mobilized by administrators to reflect and reinforce racial/gender hierarchies. This article broadens scholarly understandings of how tropes of criminality shape racialized men’s encounters with the state beyond nonvoluntary, coercive settings and unpacks how race and gender interlock to shape these encounters. I extend insights from intersectionality scholarship to examine gun board meetings as degradation ceremonies whereby African American men are held accountable to controlling images of Black masculinity in exchange for a CPL. This article sharpens the conceptual apparatus that accounts for marginalized men’s subordination vis-à-vis the state by focusing on the provision of legitimate violence and revealing the persistent, if paradoxical, mobilization of legitimate violence in the reproduction of racial/gender hierarchies.
Friendship potential: Conversation-based programming and immigrant integration
Authors: Johnston Jamie
Published: December 2017

Using Contact Theory as a lens, this article presents the results of a case-based study in Norway on language cafes and integration. The methodology includes participant observation and questionnaires for both the programmes’ participants and volunteers. The results show that the programming reduces intergroup prejudice by fostering the following four processes: learning about the out-group, changing behaviour, generating affective ties, and in-group reappraisal, as well as offering a high degree of friendship potential. Thus, the programming supports the expansion of social networks across intercultural lines and, thereby, facilitates integration.
Keeping the doors open in an age of austerity? Qualitative analysis of stakeholder views on volunteers in public libraries
Authors: Casselden Biddy , Pickard Alison , Walton Geoff , McLeod Julie
Published: December 2017

English public libraries are increasingly adopting a hybrid approach to volunteer use, whereby volunteers plug the gaps created by reductions in paid staff, in response to local authority cuts arising from the Conservative Government’s austerity measures. This article builds on an initial phase of research reported in a previous article from 2015, which examined library service managers’ views of volunteering in public libraries using a Delphi study method. The second phase of research uses a case study method to investigate a variety of stakeholder views regarding public library volunteer use, using interviews, focus groups and surveys, thereby providing a complex picture of understandings and meanings. Results indicate that there is a clear mismatch of opinions relating to this phenomenon, in addition to a number of unintended consequences, directly attributable to the challenges identified. Key consequences of volunteer use relate to social exclusion, reductions in service accountability and quality, and a blurring of the boundaries that exist within the library, causing tensions for all stakeholders. Formal and informal strategies for ensuring these consequences are minimized are vital for library professionals who may be managing these volunteers, and a carefully planned volunteer relationship management strategy is suggested, which underpins the volunteer use equation, ensuring a mutually beneficial arrangement for all. A series of key recommendations are discussed that may help to counter some of the challenges identified, and provide a possible way forward for library professionals having to deal with this complex situation.
Comparison of Slovenian and Korean library laws
Authors: Ryu Hyeonsook , Južnič Primož
Published: December 2017

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive report of the results of a comparative study of Slovenian and Korean library law. Although the countries of Slovenia and Korea have entirely different historical backgrounds, the library laws of both countries are of a comprehensive nature. Despite this, there are many differences between them. This study aims to clarify the differences between the library legislation of Slovenia and Korea and indicates the origins of these differences. The library laws of Slovenia and Korea share a common comprehensive nature and in both countries, library policy is administered by the Ministry charged with culture. Nonetheless, significant differences may be observed in their chapter structures, description methods, composition, as well as the characteristics of the shared national bibliographic system, etc. Additional findings indicate that as a small country surrounded by larger states, Slovenia has historically been more prone to accepting different cultures and can interact with them easily. On the other hand, by not embracing multiple cultures within its system of library law, Korea still fails to provide social and cultural security to ethnic minorities and migrants. This paper represents not only a juxtaposed comparison of Slovenian and Korean library laws, but also provides a detailed cross comparison, considering all of the similarities and differences that may be understood through this process. This study clarifies how each country’s social systems and the environment surrounding library affected the enactments of currently applicable library legislation.
Neuropsychiatric manifestations are not uncommon in Indian lupus patients and negatively affect quality of life
Authors: Muhammed H , Goyal M , Lal V , Singh S , Dhir V
Published: December 2017

Objectives

The objectives of this paper are to look at the prevalence of neuropsychiatric manifestations and assess their impact on quality of life in North Indian lupus patients.

Methods

The study included consecutive patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who were older than 18 years and met the SLICC 2012 criteria. A diagnosis of a neuropsychiatric syndrome was made as per ACR 1999 definitions. Manifestations occurring at any point in time after the diagnosis of SLE were considered if a reliable history and medical records were available. Quality of life was assessed by EuroQol-5D questionnaire. Means were compared by student t test for normally distributed data. Comparison of quality of life between groups was performed by the Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test.

Results

This study included 101 patients of SLE with mean (±SD) age of 32.3 ± 10.0 years and a majority ( n = 92) were females. Mean (±SD) age of diagnosis of SLE was 27.8 ± 9.2 years and disease duration (after diagnosis) was 4.6 ± 4.5 years. Thirty-three patients had neuropsychiatric manifestations with a total of 42 events. The most common manifestation was headache (10%) followed by anxiety disorder (5%) and peripheral neuropathy (9%). Other NPSLE syndromes observed in the study are seizure (4%), cognitive dysfunction (4%), depression (4%), acute confusional state (2%), autonomic neuropathy (2%), movement disorder (1%), and mononeuritis multiplex (1%). On comparing the groups of NPSLE, nephritis, and neither, there was a significant difference in mobility, self-care, pain, and worry. On post hoc test, there was a significant difference between the NPSLE and neither group.

Conclusion

Neuropsychiatric manifestations significantly affect quality of life in North Indian SLE patients.
Parametric estimates for the receiver operating characteristic curve generalization for non-monotone relationships
Authors: Martínez-Camblor Pablo , Pardo-Fernández Juan C
Published: December 2017

Diagnostic procedures are based on establishing certain conditions and then checking if those conditions are satisfied by a given individual. When the diagnostic procedure is based on a continuous marker, this is equivalent to fix a region or classification subset and then check if the observed value of the marker belongs to that region. Receiver operating characteristic curve is a valuable and popular tool to study and compare the diagnostic ability of a given marker. Besides, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve is frequently used as an index of the global discrimination ability. This paper revises and widens the scope of the receiver operating characteristic curve definition by setting the classification subsets in which the final decision is based in the spotlight of the analysis. We revise the definition of the receiver operating characteristic curve in terms of particular classes of classification subsets and then focus on a receiver operating characteristic curve generalization for situations in which both low and high values of the marker are associated with more probability of having the studied characteristic. Parametric and non-parametric estimators of the receiver operating characteristic curve generalization are investigated. Monte Carlo studies and real data examples illustrate their practical performance.
Financial Market Development and Bank Capitalization Ratio
Authors: Etudaiye-Muhtar Oyebola Fatima , Ahmad Rubi , Olaniyi Taiwo Azeez , Abdulmumin Bilqees Ayoola
Published: December 2017

Financial sector liberalization in many African countries, set in a series of financial sector reforms, aimed at developing the system. Theoretically, reforms that develop the banking sector are expected to improve banks’ performance and reduce excessive bank-risk taking by enhancing bank capital ratio in addition to maintain the stability in the system. Nonetheless, literature also shows that the health of the financial system may be at risk following a liberalization process in the form of contagion effects of financial markets integration. A recent example is the global 2007/2008 global financial crisis. Against this background, this article examines the extent to which banking sector development in selected African countries affect the commercial banks’ capitalization ratio. Employing a dynamic panel regression technique for the examination while controlling for bank-specific and macroeconomic factors over the period 2000–2014, this article finds that banking sector development in the selected countries improves bank capital ratio consistent with the aims of banking sector reforms and the maintenance of stable financial system.
Gender Contamination in Indian Automobile Advertisements
Authors: Sandhu Namrata , Singh Dilpreet
Published: December 2017

Datsun Go surely and boldly disturbed the prevailing gender order in automobile advertisements by airing a series of ‘women only’ automobile advertisements on Indian television channels. This study uncovers the phenomenological response of men to this supposed gender contamination of a male-gendered product. The study captures the change in participants’ construction of gender identity meanings of the car and its purchase probability in response to exposure to differently gendered advertisements of the car. Results indicate the significant impact of gender signals in advertisements on the viewers’ perception of the gender identity meanings of the car. The study also provides evidence of male acceptance of gender bending in automobiles. Managerial implications and theoretical contributions are discussed.
The Night of and the Mourning After: Truth and Transference in the Election of Donald Trump
Authors: Bochner Arthur P.
Published: December 2017

The writer presents an autoethnographic account of the night of the 2016 presidential election and the days and months that followed. Tormented by the prospect of Donald Trump’s election, he expresses the feelings of gloom and doom that permeate the academic convention he is attending as he and colleagues from around the country respond to the menacing prospect of a Donald Trump presidency. Invited to speak at a postelection riff, he contemplates the ways in which Trump served as an ideal transference object for many White working-class people, providing a kind of heroic self-validation they lack. In the concluding sections of the article, he focuses on the question of Trump’s heralded “authenticity” during the campaign and the tyrannical threat posed by Trump’s failure to care about truth.
Safety Assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its Salts, and Benzyl Benzoate
Authors: Johnson Wilbur , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Andersen F. Alan
Published: December 2017

Benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid and its salts, and benzyl benzoate function mostly as fragrance ingredients/preservatives in cosmetic products. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel previously established concentration limits for benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and sodium benzoate in cosmetics and determined that the available data were insufficient to support the safety of these ingredients during inhalation exposure. After reviewing newly available data, it was concluded that benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid and its salts, and benzyl benzoate are safe in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.