bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso de análise espectral e regras de filtragem em operações com contratos futuros de soja no Brasil
Authors: Souza Waldemar Antônio da Rocha de , Carmo Filho Manoel Martins do , Martines Filho João Gomes , Marques Pedro Valentim
Published: September 2013

Objetivou-se examinar a hipótese de eficiência semiforte de mercado (HEM) nos contratos futuros de soja do Brasil, negociados na BM&F-Bovespa, aplicando análise espectral e regras de filtragem. Os resultados comparados da teoria indicam conclusões diversas quanto à HEM em mercados futuros de commodities agropecuárias. Entretanto, a eficiência semiforte de mercado parece não se confirmar em preços futuros de soja. Após o teste, rejeitou-se o modelo de passeio aleatório para os preços futuros de ajuste da soja brasileiros. A avaliação ilustrou o potencial de arbitragem dos contratos, classificado posteriormente aplicando-se regras de filtragem com base em diversos intervalos de variação percentual dos preços de ajuste do grão na bolsa. Compuseram-se diversas estratégias operacionais de compra e venda no período amostral entre 2004 e 2010 com base nos intervalos. Classificando os resultados financeiros e percentuais de acertos lucrativos dos negócios, identificaram-se determinados subperíodos com maior incidência de ganhos positivos. A diferença entre os resultados pode ser atribuída ao recente regime de preços de commodities, prevalecente no mercado após 2008. Também, o potencial de lucratividade possibilita atrair novas operações de hedge e especulativas para o mercado futuro de soja brasileiro, aumentando o volume de negócios no mercado futuro de soja da BM&F-Bovespa. A lucratividade potencial examinada pode atrair novas operações de hedge e especulação, incrementando o volume negociado. O aumento dos negócios consolidará o contrato como uma alternativa eficiente de mitigação de risco e geradora de operações lucrativas no mercado futuro agropecuário brasileiro. Adicionalmente, o processo de descoberta de preços avaliando a constelação de preços futuros de um contrato desenhado com as características próprias da soja brasileira aumentará a eficácia administrativa do processo de comercialização do grão. A análise é inédita na literatura brasileira.
Atores sociais e campo organizacional: estratégias discursivas e de mobilização de recursos na construção do complexo avícola na Cooperativa Agroindustrial Copagril
Authors: Sander Josué Alexandre , Cunha Cleverson Renan da
Published: September 2013

O artigo tem o objetivo de analisar como os atores sociais utilizaram estratégias discursivas e mobilizaram recursos no processo de adoção de uma estratégia de diversificação, já que esta estava presente no campo organizacional. São utilizados como base teórica os pressupostos da teoria institucional, especialmente os temas que analisam a agência e a mudança como o empreendedorismo institucional. Também é descrito o processo de circulação da ideia pelo campo organizacional, destacando o papel dos condutores e das organizações de referência. Para compreender como ocorre esse processo, foi realizado um estudo empírico, com abordagem qualitativa. A estratégia utilizada foi o estudo de caso da construção do complexo avícola da Cooperativa Agroindustrial Copagril. O trabalho, baseado nos estudo de empreendedorismo institucional, agrupa as ações desempenhadas pelos atores em duas categorias: mobilização de recursos (de ordem financeira e social) e o uso do discurso. A análise demonstra que os atores sociais atuaram ativamente em um processo de mudança convergente, sendo fundamentais para identificar a ideia, mobilizar recursos e construir raciocínios para apoiar a ideia apresentada. Também é relatada a importância da construção de significados, que serão compartilhados pelos atores sociais, para apoiar a estratégia adotada pela organização. O processo de construção dos significados foi auxiliado pela existência de organizações no campo que adotavam a ideia e que foram utilizadas como referência. A análise também destacou a importância dos sistemas relacionais como condutores da ideia até a organização e a influência das organizações de referências no processo de identificação da ideia. A originalidade da pesquisa está presente na análise do papel dos indivíduos no processo de adoção de uma ideia presente no campo organizacional, diferenciando-se dos estudos de empreendedorismo institucional que analisam a adoção de uma ideia inovadora no campo organizacional. Outra contribuição relevante é o foco no trabalho prático desempenhado pelos atores sociais no processo de adoção de uma estratégia, que pode gerar pontes de conversação entre quem estuda organizações e quem trabalha nelas, incentivando a tradução das ideias institucionais em discursos não acadêmicos.
In vitro evaluation of Biosilicate® dissolution on dentin surface: a SEM analysis
Authors: Pinheiro Michele Carolina , Lopes Beatriz Maria Valério , Cavassim Rodrigo , Pinto Shelon Cristina Souza , Sampaio José Eduardo Cezar
Published: September 2013

INTRODUCTION: Biomaterials such as bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics have been proposed for the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the dissolution of a novel bioactive glass-ceramic (Biosilicate® 1-20 µm particles) on dentin surface samples, with different application methods and different dilution medium used for applying Biosilicate®. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 280 dentin samples were randomly divided into four groups: (1) Biosilicate® plus fluoride gel applied with Robinson brush; (2) Biosilicate® plus fluoride gel applied with microbrush; (3) Biosilicate® plus distilled water applied with Robinson brush; (4) Biosilicate® plus distilled water applied with microbrush. After treatment, the samples were immersed in saliva at different periods (0, 15 and 30 minutes, 1, 2, 12 and 24 hours). Two photomicrographs were obtained from each sample and were further analyzed by a blind calibrated examiner according to a "Particle Dissolution Index" created for this study. RESULT: The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests. There was no statistical difference among the degrees of dissolution between the 4 groups in any period. CONCLUSION: Biosilicate® can be incorporated in both substances without differences in the degree of dissolution of the particles in any of the evaluated periods and the application of dentine can be performed with both methods evaluated.
Perception of oral health by patients who use dental clinics
Authors: Nóbrega Lorena Marques da , Temóteo Lorenna Mendes , Dias Joselúcia da Nóbrega , Lima Monalyza Myllenna Silva Monteiro , Fontes Luciana de Barros Correia , Cavalcanti Sérgio d'Avila Lins Bezerra
Published: September 2013

INTRODUCTION: The use of clinical indicators to evaluate oral health status and the need for treatment is recognized as having limitations, and nowadays other factors, among them social and quality of life, have been used. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the self-perception of oral health in adults using the Dental clinics at a public university. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study had a sample of 86 participants. A questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic data and application of the GOHAI index were used. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed with absolute and percentage data, using the Epi Info. version 6 software program. RESULT: The majority of users were women (89.7 %); marital status: married (69.8 %); age-range from 35 to 38 years (39.6 %), they had completed high school (32.6 %), and had a monthly income from 1 to 3 minimum wages (79.1 %). Results of the GOHAI index were classified as low, presenting a score value of 27.06. CONCLUSION: A low index and negative impact of oral health conditions on the daily lives of the evaluated users was verified.
Conduct of pediatricians in relation to the oral health of children
Authors: Soares Isadora Mello Vilarinho , Silva Alynne Moreira Reis Borges da , Moura Lúcia de Fátima Almeida de Deus , Lima Marina de Deus Moura de , Sousa Nétto Otacílio Batista de , Moura Marcoeli Silva de
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE: Pediatricians are health professionals who treat the child during the first years of their life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the conduct adopted by pediatricians regarding the oral health of children. METHOD: This was a descriptive cross-sectional observational study with a sample of 100 physicians specialized in pediatrics, working in the public and private sectors. A questionnaire was used for data collection, and the pediatricians were approached in their workplaces. RESULT: Most pediatricians (69%) belong to the female gender, with an average age of 48 years, and work in both the public and private sectors of health and have over 20 years of professional experience. Regarding their level of knowledge on oral health, 59% consider it to be good and 59% said that they had not been approached about this issue during their training in pediatrics. Ninety-two percent routinely examine the oral cavity of the baby; 64% recommend the use of fluoridated toothpaste, and 66.7% direct patients to a dental appointment in the first year of life. Regarding breastfeeding at night, 55.6% do not make the association between breastfeeding and the onset of early childhood caries. Furthermore, 74.7% do not justify the associations between the eruption of the first primary teeth and systemic manifestations, and 93% contraindicate the use of a dummy. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that pediatricians have proactive attitudes with regards to oral health. However, they need more information on the importance of fluoride for the control of dental caries
Inorganic elemental analysis and identification of residual monomers released from different glass ionomer cements in cell culture medium
Authors: Tanaka Marcia Hiromi , Alécio Alberto Camilo , Flumignan Danilo Luiz , Oliveira José Eduardo de , Giro Elisa Maria Aparecida
Published: September 2013

INTRODUCTION: Glass ionomer cements (GICs) release inorganic elements and organic residual monomers with the potential for deleterious effects on pulp cells. OBJECTIVE: To identify and quantify inorganic elements present in different GICs and released components from these materials in cell culture medium. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Samples of two resin-modified GICs for base/liner (Vitrebond and Fuji Lining LC), two resin-modified restorative GICs (Vitremer and Fuji II LC) and two conventional restorative GICs (Ketac Fil Plus and Ketac Molar Easymix) were prepared and analyzed by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (EDXRF). Extracts of these materials were obtained by immersion of each sample in separate containers of DMEM for 24 h (total surface-liquid ratio = 45.7 mm²/mL). The extracts were analyzed by EDXRF and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULT: Higher percentages of strontium, silicon and aluminum were identified in Vitrebond, Vitremer, Fuji Lining LC, Fuji II LC, and Ketac Fil Plus, while zinc was detected only in Vitrebond. Ketac Molar Easymix presented a greater atomic composition of lanthanum, calcium, aluminum and silicon. Strontium was detected in the extracts from all materials except Ketac Molar Easymix; calcium was present in extracts from Ketac Fil Plus; zinc only in Vitrebond; and silicon in Fuji II LC extract. The analysis by GC-MS detected 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA) in the extracts from all resin-modified GICs, and iodine benzene was detected only in the Vitrebond extract. CONCLUSION: Of the GICs sampled, Vitrebond released the highest number of components with cytotoxic potential.
Cartografar é traçar um plano comum
Authors: Kastrup Virgínia , Passos Eduardo
Published: September 2013

A pesquisa de campo sobre produção da subjetividade enfrenta o problema de construir conhecimento envolvendo pesquisadores e pesquisados, com territórios e semióticas singulares. Surgem questões relativas ao protagonismo dos participantes e a como traçar com eles um plano comum, garantindo o caráter participativo da pesquisa. No contexto do método da cartografia, o artigo tem como objetivo tratar do tema do comum num duplo aspecto. Num primeiro, discute o acesso ao plano comum. Com base em Gilles Deleuze e Felix Guattari, tal plano não é dito homogêneo nem reúne atores que manteriam entre si relações de identidade, mas opera comunicação entre singularidades, sendo pré-individual e coletivo. Num segundo aspecto, aponta que, enquanto pesquisa-intervenção, a cartografia se compromete com a criação de um mundo comum e heterogêneo. O artigo mostra que o traçado do comum tem como diretriz metodológica a tranversalidade e examina os procedimentos de participação, inclusão e tradução.
A entrevista na pesquisa cartográfica: a experiência do dizer
Authors: Tedesco Silvia Helena , Sade Christian , Caliman Luciana Vieira
Published: September 2013

O artigo visa discutir a aplicação da entrevista, seja individual ou coletiva, em pesquisa, segundo a perspectiva do método cartográfico. Não indica um modelo específico de "entrevista cartográfica", mas um ethos cartográfico como orientação geral dos procedimentos ligados à sua construção. Apoiado nos estudos da pragmática, afirma a importância da montagem da entrevista como experiência compartilhada, entre entrevistador e entrevistado (s), estabelecida no domínio da linguagem. A questão do manejo é examinada, tendo em vista o caráter de intervenção recíproca entre signos e mundo. A partir de alguns exemplos empíricos, procedimentos e propostas são apresentadas na direção da abertura da experiência, ali em jogo, aos processos de criação de si e de mundos.
O trabalho do cartógrafo do ponto de vista da atividade
Authors: Barros Maria Elizabeth Barros de , Silva Fabio Hebert da
Published: September 2013

Neste artigo são apresentadas diretrizes para pensar o trabalho do pesquisador cartógrafo do ponto de vista da atividade, a partir de contribuições das Clínicas do Trabalho. O desdobramento dessas diretrizes leva à proposição de um gênero pesquisador-cartógrafo. A partir de uma pesquisa com docentes em instituições de ensino superior privada na Grande Vitória, são compartilhadas algumas reflexões sobre a complexidade das relações que constituem esse gênero pesquisador-cartógrafo. Nessa pista do método cartográfico considera-se que a atividade do cartógrafo é a constituição de um gênero sempre em vias de estilização, em meio a processos de aprendizagem e intervenções recíprocas. Esse gênero sempre toma como objeto uma atividade e tem como aposta metodológica a problematização da atividade do pesquisador, que convoca para o diálogo pesquisadores engajados num modo de fazer pesquisa que considera a experiência situada com suas irregularidades e imprevistos.
As durações do devir: como construir objetos-problema com a cartografia
Authors: Fonseca Tania Mara Galli , Costa Luis Artur
Published: September 2013

Como podemos falar de objetos, duração e estabilidade em um mundo feito de vertigem e puro fluxo? Este artigo propõe a problematização do conceito de objeto na prática cartográfica para pensar a formação do cartógrafo. Para tanto, necessitamos ultrapassar o dualismo entre estável e instável. Por meio de conceitos como os de tensão e complexidade podemos produzir uma ontologia metaestável. Para produzir esta ontologia relacional, criativa e complexa, vamos usar uma caixa de ferramentas conceitual advinda de dois autores. De Henri Bergson tomaremos os conceitos de duração, intuição, seleção e sentido. De A. N. Whitehead tomaremos os conceitos de preensão, sentires e criação. A partir desses conceitos produziremos um conceito de objeto adequado ao empirismo transcendental e suas virtualidades, um conceito de objeto que ultrapasse os dualismos entre os fluidos e os sólidos: objeto-acontecimento, objeto-problema.
Algal and Cyanobacterial communities in two rivers of the province of San Luis (Argentina) subjected to anthropogenic influence
Authors: Daruich Jorgelina , Tripole Susana , Gil María Angélica , Vallania Adriana
Published: September 2013

AIM: The use of biological indicators of pollution has increased in recent years as an alternative to the monitoring of water quality. Phytoplankton community selectively respond to different anthropogenic disturbances, such as water dams and the increase of nutrients coming from city centers, which leads to the eutrophication of the aquatic environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the composition and the structure of the algal and Cyanobacterial communities in order to prove human influences by the presence of reservoirs with some degree of eutrophication and the impact of urbanization in two rivers at the Bebedero basin in San Luis province (Argentine). METHODS: Four sites were sampled: two of them were placed before dams and villages (V1) and (P1) and two after them (V2) and (P2). Each site was visited in every season of the year: summer, autumn, winter and spring. Qualitative and semi-quantitative phytoplankton samples were taken, and the frequency of occurrence was determined. Variations between pairs of sampling stations were analyzed through the Jaccard similarity and complementarity indices. RESULTS: Ninety two taxa were identified, of which diatoms were the most frequent. The most affected station was P2 with high abundance, less diversity and equitability, whereas the species more tolerant to the presence of organic matter were Melosira varians, Navicula tripunctata, Oscillatoria limosa, Gomphonema parvulum and Coelastrum microporum, and some species of euglenophytas. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the structure and composition of the algal and Cyanobacterial communities allowed us to identify sections more sensitive to human-induced alterations.
Post-tensioned structures – improved standards
Authors: Clark Gordon Marshall
Published: September 2013

Between 1979 and 1992 the UK Standing Committee on Structural Safety published annual reports which included reports on suspected deficiencies of grouting of post-tensioning tendons; then in 1992 the UK Department of Transport banned ducted grouted post-tensioning in bridges. This marked the beginning of a process of investigation and review of standards and procedures which led over 20 years to national and international bodies introducing improvements to help ensure the safety and reliability of post-tensioned structures. This is a prime example of where industry had to learn from the past, and has used that knowledge to introduce improvements, culminating in the publication of new ISO standards. This paper describes significant lessons to learn from this process for structural designers, material scientists and owners of structures, both for new designs and for asset maintenance.
Does agricultural crop diversity enhance soil microbial biomass and organic matter dynamics? A meta‐analysis
Authors: McDaniel M. D. , Tiemann L. K. , Grandy A. S.
Published: September 2013

Our increasing dependence on a small number of agricultural crops, such as corn, is leading to reductions in agricultural biodiversity. Reductions in the number of crops in rotation or the replacement of rotations by monocultures are responsible for this loss of biodiversity. The belowground implications of simplifying agricultural plant communities remain unresolved; however, agroecosystem sustainability will be severely compromised if reductions in biodiversity reduce soil C and N concentrations, alter microbial communities, and degrade soil ecosystem functions as reported in natural communities. We conducted a meta‐analysis of 122 studies to examine crop rotation effects on total soil C and N concentrations, and the faster cycling microbial biomass C and N pools that play key roles in soil nutrient cycling and physical processes such as aggregate formation. We specifically examined how rotation crop type and management practices influence C and N dynamics in different climates and soil types. We found that adding one or more crops in rotation to a monoculture increased total soil C by 3.6% and total N by 5.3%, but when rotations included a cover crop (i.e., crops that are not harvested but produced to enrich the soil and capture inorganic N), total C increased by 8.5% and total N 12.8%. Rotations substantially increased the soil microbial biomass C (20.7%) and N (26.1%) pools, and these overwhelming effects on microbial biomass were not moderated by crop type or management practices. Crop rotations, especially those that include cover crops, sustain soil quality and productivity by enhancing soil C, N, and microbial biomass, making them a cornerstone for sustainable agroecosystems.
Factors influencing water conservation behavior among urban residents in China's arid areas
Authors: Chang Genying
Published: September 2013

Insufficient academic attention has been paid to household water conservation behavior in arid and semi-arid areas of developing countries. Based on a questionnaire survey, this study analyzed factors influencing the water conservation behavior of urban residents in Zhangye City in China. Of the two variables addressed in the theory of reasoned action, attitudes toward water conservation had no obvious influence on water conservation behavior, whereas subjective norms did have an influence. Furthermore, general environmental concerns had no direct, significant influence on water conservation behavior. It has been argued that environmental motivational factors have a limited influence on water conservation behavior. The theory of reasoned action may not sufficiently explain domestic water conservation behavior in the study area, where the economy remains underdeveloped. Three contextual factors, beliefs regarding local water resources, incremental water conservation information and attitudes toward frugality, were significantly correlated with water conservation behavior.
Institutional water reforms in Kenya: an analytical review
Authors: Sambu D. K. , Tarhule A.
Published: September 2013

This paper reviews institutional reforms in the Kenyan water sector and their effect on water access. Despite a long history of reforms, a large proportion of the population still lacks access to water. The review showed that reforms during the colonial period gave the colonial government full control of land and water to satisfy the imperial quest for plantation agriculture and further limited water access to the locals through legislative fiat. After independence, the reforms initiated under ‘African Socialism’ to enhance equity that was severely neglected during the colonial period were adversely affected by global financial crisis of the 1980s. Similarly, the global initiative to ensure ‘water for all’ by 1990 was affected by a similar crisis and the subsequent introduction of neo-liberal policies in the country. The most recent reforms (initiated in 2000) are meant to reduce poverty and promote sustainable development in order to meet the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. The paper shows that by pegging its initiatives on global targets and foreign aid, Kenya has changed its policies and institutions to reflect the global trend several times. This has adversely affected the smooth continuity of policy process in the country.
Household water constraints and agricultural labour productivity in Tanzania
Authors: Allen Summer , Qaim Matin , Temu Andrew
Published: September 2013

While previous research has analysed the links between drinking water access and health, and to some extent between health and agriculture, the direct impact of household water access on agricultural productivity has hardly been studied. We address this research gap, using survey data from Tanzania. Regression models show that water access constraints significantly decrease labour productivity for households that require more than the median time for water collection, doubling the time required for water collection reduces labour productivity by over 20%. For these water-constrained households we also identify a negative effect of water collection time on crop yield. Since we control for differences in irrigation, input use, crop type and other factors, we conclude that the productivity effects are mainly due to poorer health in water-constrained households. These results suggest that there are important linkages between drinking water access and agricultural growth which have often been overlooked in the past. Improving water access for rural households should receive higher policy priority not only from a health perspective but also from an agricultural growth perspective.
Compassion as the foundation of patient-centered care: the importance of compassion in action
Authors: Frampton Susan B , Guastello Sara , Lepore Michael
Published: September 2013

The Institute of Medicine defines patient-centered care as “providing care that is respectful of, and responsive to, individual patient preferences, needs and values, and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions.” What is missing in this definition is an explicit emphasis on compassion. This perspective article draws on the experience of Planetree (CT, USA), a not-for-profit organization that partners with healthcare establishments to drive adoption of patient-centered care principles and practices by connecting healthcare professionals with the voices and perspectives of the patients and family members who utilize their services. Across hundreds of focus groups facilitated by Planetree, patients and their loved ones emphasize that paramount among their needs, preferences and values are compassionate human interactions. For care to be truly patient-centered, a foundation of compassion is essential. Reports from patients and the media, and research from healthcare systems around the world demonstrate the fallacy of assuming that compassion is a current or prevalent feature of the care experience. Concurrently, a growing evidence base highlights the supreme importance of compassion in driving high-quality, high-value care. However, good intentions are not sufficient for delivering compassionate care. Drawing on the experiences of exemplary patient-centered hospitals (recognized as such following a rigorous culture audit to determine fulfillment of the criteria for formal recognition as a Designated® Patient-Centered Hospital [Planetree]), this paper explores practical approaches for embedding compassion in healthcare delivery and organizational culture to meet patients‘ expressed desires for empathic and respectful human interactions.
Identification of topics for comparative effectiveness systematic reviews in the field of cancer imaging
Authors: Rao Madhu , Concannon Thomas W , Iovin Ramon , Yu Winifred W , Chan Jeffrey A , Lypas Georgios , Terasawa Teruhiko , Gaylor James M , Kong Lina , Rausch Andrew C , Lau Joseph , Kitsios Georgios D
Published: September 2013

Aim:
With rapid innovations in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in cancer care, comparative effectiveness reviews (CERs) are essential to inform clinical practice and guide future research. However, the optimal means to identify priority CER topics are uninvestigated. We aimed to devise a transparent and reproducible process to identify ten to 12 CER topics in the area of cancer imaging relevant to a wide range of stakeholders.
Materials & methods:
Environmental scans and explicit prioritization criteria supported interactions (email communications, web-based discussions and live teleconferences) with experts and stakeholders culminating in a three-phase deductive exercise for prioritization of CER topics.
Results:
We prioritized 12 CER topics in breast, lung and gastrointestinal cancers that addressed screening, diagnosis, staging, monitoring and evaluating response to treatment.
Conclusion:
Our project developed and implemented a transparent and reproducible process for research prioritization and topic nomination that can be further refined to improve the relevance of future CERs.
Various parameterizations of “latitude” equation – Cartesian to geodetic coordinates transformation
Authors: Ligas M.
Published: September 2013

The paper presents a solution to one of the basic problems of computational geodesy - conversion between Cartesian and geodetic coordinates on a biaxial ellipsoid. The solution is based on what is known in the literature as “latitude equation”. The equation is presented in three different parameterizations commonly used in geodesy - geodetic, parametric (reduced) and geocentric latitudes. Although the resulting equations may be derived in many ways, here, we present a very elegant one based on vectors orthogonality. As the “original latitude equations” are trigonometric ones, their representation has been changed into an irrational form after Fukushima (1999, 2006). Furthermore, in order to avoid division operations we have followed Fukushima’s strategy again and rewritten the equations in a fractional form (a pair of iterative formulas). The resulting formulas involving parametric latitude are essentially the same as those introduced by Fukushima (2006) (considered the most efficient today). All the resulting variants are solved with Newton’s second-order and Halley’s third-order formulas. It turns out that all parameterizations of the “latitude equation” show a comparable level of performance.
Nothing but Trouble: Studies on the Effects of Reforms in Elderly Care in Sweden and Poland
Authors: Sobis Iwona
Published: September 2013

Reforms of the public sector, conducted in the spirit of NPM since the 1990s, are frequently studied by Western and Eastern scholars. The research shows national variations in how the NPM idea was translated and adapted into a country’s context and regulations. Care for the elderly is an interesting example of reforms conducted in the spirit of NPM, because it relates to welfare and health care and to the competences of provincial and local authorities in most European countries.

This paper addresses the following questions: What do we know about the reforms conducted in the spirit of NPM and its practical implication within the field of care for the elderly during 1990 - 2010? What kind of knowledge about care for the elderly is still missing and should be developed in the future ? Th is paper conducts comparative research on what is known about the effects of the Swedish and the Polish reforms regarding care for the elderly. It argues that most literature points to negative effects, but also to the fact that there are still gaps in our knowledge about the effects of reforms concerning elderly care, especially regarding its organization. Hence, despite all the research done, we do not know what kind of social and health-care services for seniors represent the best practices for the future.
Efficient simulation of unidirectional pulse propagation in high-contrast nonlinear nanowaveguides
Authors: Andreasen Jonathan , Kolesik Miroslav
Published: September 2013

This work demonstrates an improved method to simulate long-distance femtosecond pulse propagation in highcontrast nanowaveguides. Different from typical beam propagation methods, the foundational tool here is capable of simulating strong spatiotemporal waveform reshaping and extreme spectral dynamics. Meanwhile, the ability to fully capture effects due to index contrast in the transverse direction is retained, without requiring a decomposition of the electric field in terms of waveguide modes. These simulations can be computationally expensive, however, so cost is reduced in the improved method by considering only the waveguide core. Fields in the cladding are then properly accounted for through a boundary condition suitable for the case of total internal reflection.
DIMwid – Decoder Inspection for Moses (using Widgets)
Authors: Kurtz Robin , Seemann Nina , Braune Fabienne , Maletti Andreas
Published: September 2013

The development of accurate machine translation systems requires detailed analyses of the recurring translation mistakes. However, the manual inspection of the decoder log files is a daunting task because of their sheer size and their uncomfortable format, in which the relevant data is widely spread. For all major platforms, DIMwid offers a graphical user interface that allows the quick inspection of the decoder stacks or chart cells for a given span in a uniform way. Currently, DIMwid can process the decoder log files of the phrase-based stack decoder and the syntax-based chart decoder inside the Moses framework.
morphogen: Translation into Morphologically Rich Languages with Synthetic Phrases
Authors: Schlinger Eva , Chahuneau Victor , Dyer Chris
Published: September 2013

We present morphogen, a tool for improving translation into morphologically rich languages with synthetic phrases. We approach the problem of translating into morphologically rich languages in two phases. First, an inflection model is learned to predict target word inflections from source side context. Then this model is used to create additional sentence specific translation phrases. These “synthetic phrases” augment the standard translation grammars and decoding proceeds normally with a standard translation model. We present an open source Python implementation of our method, as well as a method of obtaining an unsupervised morphological analysis of the target language when no supervised analyzer is available.
Autonomous Oscillation of Nonthermoresponsive Polymers and Gels Induced by the Belousov–Zhabotinsky Reaction
Authors: Hara Yusuke
Published: September 2013

This review introduces the self-oscillating behavior of two types of nonthermoresponsive polymer systems with Ru catalyst moieties for the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction: one with a poly-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) main chain, and the other with a poly(2-propenamide) (polyacrylamide) (PAM) main chain. The amplitude of the VP-based self-oscillating polymer chain and the activation energy for self-oscillation are hardly affected by the initial concentrations of the BZ substrates. The influences of the initial concentrations of the BZ substrates and the temperature on the period of the swelling-deswelling self-oscillation are examined in detail. Logarithmic plots of the period against the initial concentration of one BZ substrate, when the concentrations of the other two BZ substrates are fixed, show good linear relationships. The period of the swelling-deswelling self-oscillation decreases with increasing temperature, in accordance with the Arrhenius equation. The maximum frequency (0.5 Hz) of the poly(VP-co-Ru(bpy)3) gel is 20 times that of the poly(NIPAAm-co-Ru(bpy)3) gel. It is also demonstrated that the amplitude of the volume self-oscillation for the gel has a tradeoff with the self-oscillation period. In addition, this review reports the self-oscillating behavior of an AM-based self-oscillating polymer chain as compared to that of the VP-based polymer chain.
Improved Time Complexities for Learning Boolean Networks
Authors: Zheng Yun , Kwoh Chee
Published: September 2013

Existing algorithms for learning Boolean networks (BNs) have time complexities of at least O(N · n0:7(k+1)), where n is the number of variables, N is the number of samples and k is the number of inputs in Boolean functions. Some recent studies propose more efficient methods with O(N · n2) time complexities. However, these methods can only be used to learn monotonic BNs, and their performances are not satisfactory when the sample size is small. In this paper, we mathematically prove that OR/AND BNs, where the variables are related with logical OR/AND operations, can be found with the time complexity of O(k·(N+ logn)·n2), if there are enough noiseless training samples randomly generated from a uniform distribution. We also demonstrate that our method can successfully learn most BNs, whose variables are not related with exclusive OR and Boolean equality operations, with the same order of time complexity for learning OR/AND BNs, indicating our method has good efficiency for learning general BNs other than monotonic BNs. When the datasets are noisy, our method can still successfully identify most BNs with the same efficiency. When compared with two existing methods with the same settings, our method achieves a better comprehensive performance than both of them, especially for small training sample sizes. More importantly, our method can be used to learn all BNs. However, of the two methods that are compared, one can only be used to learn monotonic BNs, and the other one has a much worse time complexity than our method. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that Boolean networks can be learned with improved time complexities.
Effect of Nanopore Length on the Translocation Process of a Biopolymer: Numerical Study
Authors: Alapati Suresh , Che Woo , Suh Yong
Published: September 2013

In this study, we simulate the electrophoretic motion of a bio-polymer through a synthetic nanopore in the presence of an external bias voltage by considering the hydrodynamic interactions between the polymer and the fluid explicitly. The motion of the polymer is simulated by 3D Langevin dynamics technique by modeling the polymer as a worm-like-chain, while the hydrodynamic interactions are incorporated by the lattice Boltzmann equation. We report the simulation results for three different lengths of the nanopore. The translocation time increases with the pore length even though the electrophoretic force on the polymer is the same irrespective of the pore length. This is attributed to the fact that the translocation velocity of each bead inside the nanopore decreases with the pore length due to the increased fluid resistance force caused by the increase in the straightened portion of the polymer. We confirmed this using a theoretical formula.
In Vivo and in Vitro Effects of Secondary Metabolites against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
Authors: Velasco Pablo , Lema Margarita , Francisco Marta , Soengas Pilar , Cartea María
Published: September 2013

Brassica rapa is a crucifer that is grown worldwide, mainly as a vegetable. The quality of B. rapa crops is highly affected by the disease caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). Glucosinolates and phenolic compounds can confer resistance to Brassica crops against pests and diseases, but few works have been done to evaluate their role in Xcc resistance. The objectives of this work were: (1) to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro antibacterial effect of gluconapin, its isothiocyanate and the methanolic extracts of B. rapa against the type 4 of Xcc, and (2) to test if there is induced resistance mediated by glucosinolates or phenolic compounds in two varieties of B. rapa. Gluconapin and its ITC varieties had an antibacterial effect on the development of Xanthomonas and this effect was strongly dependent on the concentration applied. Methanolic extracts from B. rapa, containing glucosinolates and phenolic compounds, inhibited the growth of these bacteria. Concentration of gluconapin is higher in resistant plants than in the susceptible ones and there is an induction of gluconapin, some flavonoids and sinapic acid 48 to 72 h after inoculation. Gluconapin plays a role in the constitutive resistance to Xcc, while gluconapin, some flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids are induced by a Xcc infection but it is not clear if this induction confers resistance to this disease.
An Efficient Synthesis of Enantiopure (R)-heteroarylpyrimidine Analogs
Authors: Yang Xiu-Yan , Xia Guang-Qiang , Wang Xiao-Kui , Zheng Zhi-Bing , Zhao Dong-Mei , Zhao Guo-Ming , Li Song
Published: September 2013

An efficient synthesis of enantiopure (R)-heteroarylpyrimidine analogs is described here, which involves introduction of a chiral group, formation and separation of diasteroisomers and final transformation of an amide to an ester. The absolute configuration of the enantiopure HAPs is confirmed by X-ray analysis of their intermediates.
VIIRS Nightfire: Satellite Pyrometry at Night
Authors: Elvidge Christopher , Zhizhin Mikhail , Hsu Feng-Chi , Baugh Kimberly
Published: September 2013

The Nightfire algorithm detects and characterizes sub-pixel hot sources using multispectral data collected globally, each night, by the Suomi National Polar Partnership (NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The spectral bands utilized span visible, near-infrared (NIR), short-wave infrared (SWIR), and mid-wave infrared (MWIR). The primary detection band is in the SWIR, centered at 1.6 μm. Without solar input, the SWIR spectral band records sensor noise, punctuated by high radiant emissions associated with gas flares, biomass burning, volcanoes, and industrial sites such as steel mills. Planck curve fitting of the hot source radiances yields temperature (K) and emission scaling factor (ESF). Additional calculations are done to estimate source size (m2), radiant heat intensity (W/m2), and radiant heat (MW). Use of the sensor noise limited M7, M8, and M10 spectral bands at night reduce scene background effects, which are widely reported for fire algorithms based on MWIR and long-wave infrared. High atmospheric transmissivity in the M10 spectral band reduces atmospheric effects on temperature and radiant heat retrievals. Nightfire retrieved temperature estimates for sub-pixel hot sources ranging from 600 to 6,000 K. An intercomparison study of biomass burning in Sumatra from June 2013 found Nightfire radiant heat (MW) to be highly correlated to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) Fire Radiative Power (MW).
La ciudad anarquista americana. Estudio de una utopía libertaria
Authors: Aínsa Fernando
Published: September 2013

Resumen. — Estudio sobre el proyecto de Pierre Quiroule, «La ciudad anarquista americana» (1914), en el contexto de las proposiciones del socialismo utópico en América Latina en general y en Argentina en particular. Antecedentes de tentatives prácticas de establecimiento de ciudades-ideales en el siglo XIX en México, Paraguay, Brasil. Descripción y funcionamiento del proyecto de Quiroule.
Aspects de la violence dans la presse anarchiste du Chili (1898-1914)
Authors: Fraysse Maurice
Published: September 2013

Résumé. — Des opinions contradictoires s'expriment dans la presse anarchiste du Chili sur le problème de la violence. Au-delà de la polémique, le secteur où le discours de la rébellion éclate avec le plus de virulence est celui de la poésie libertaire.
El obispado de Santa Cruz de la Sierra en el siglo XVII : el fracaso de una institución
Authors: Garcia Recio José María
Published: September 2013

Résumé. — Une étude des causes de la fondation de l'évêché de Santa Cruz de la Sierra dans une zone marginale de la colonie, et des problèmes économiques qui ont fait obstacle à la bonne marche de l'institution. Un bilan documenté de l'importance sociale du clergé dans ce diocèse, et des répercussions sur la population de l'action évangélisatrice de l'église.
Borrosidades patológicas
Authors: Ferrer i Balsebre Luis
Published: September 2013

En este artículo se analizan los cambios sociales derivados de la llamada Posmodernidad y su relación con las patologías psíquicas emergentes. El declive de los valores, el cambio en las categorías de tiempo y espacio, los cambios en los sentimientos de pudor y vergu.enza, la pérdida de la función de autoridad junto con la adultización del niño y la infantilización del adulto, el fenómeno del consumo, el riesgo como factor de vida y la primacía de la emoción, los cambios en la estructura familiar y la función social de los hijos, son algunos de los puntos analizados. Dichos factores determinan la aparición de nuevas patologías así como cambios de prevalencia de diversos cuadros clínicos.
Aves, cerdos, vacas y otras locuras. Poshumanismo y tecnociencia
Authors: Moya Eugenio
Published: September 2013

A la luz de la fenomenología de la vida de Kant y Jonas, el autor defiende una necesaria ética de la especie humana y problematiza los principios de un emergente movimiento filosófico: el Transhumanismo, que defiende las oportunidades tecnológicas de rediseñar la condición humana, de aumentar de las capacidades intelectuales, físicas y emocionales de la humanidad y de liberarnos del confinamiento en el planeta Tierra.
“Horae canonicae”, España y los dos Auden
Authors: Insausti Gabriel
Published: September 2013

“Horae canonicae”, la serie de poemas incluida en The Shield of Achilles con el Gólgota por tema central, constituye una de las piezas más importantes del Auden de los años cincuenta. La crítica ha situado habitualmente este conjunto en el contexto del cristianismo ulterior del poeta y su evolución ideológica hacia un tibio conservadurismo, tras unos años de juventud en los que coqueteó con el izquierdismo revolucionario. No obstante, “Horae canonicae” contiene algunos elementos sumamente enigmáticos sobre los que conviene llamar la atención, y que permiten leer el texto como una suerte de palinodia cuyo intertexto serían poemas como el célebre “Spain”.
Analysis on the Angle-Based Pattern Recognition Algorithm
Authors: Chen Si Hui
Published: September 2013

Along with the continuous improvement of China's science and technology, pattern recognition calculation methods have attained a rapid development, among which the new algorithms have been popularized and applied in pattern recognition. The angle of pattern refers to the intersection angle between two adjacent vectors, and owns the geometrical characteristics such as stretching, displacement, and rotation invariance, which are better unification for pattern characteristics. In this paper, the angle-based pattern recognition algorithm is mainly analyzed.
The Food Warehouse Temperature Measurement System Design Based on Microcontroller
Authors: Xia Qi Bing
Published: September 2013

The thesis takes the microcontroller STC89C52 as the core control element. It selects the platinum thermal resistance PT100 sensor as a temperature detection element, and we use it to collect the temperature of the food warehouse act in concert with the Amplifier circuit and the ADC0809 analog-to-digital converter chip in real time. The collected temperature is displayed on the LCD1602 display module. According to the result of the comparison of the collected temperature values and setting values, this system gives off the corresponding alarm signal , and then starts the heating device or cooling device to achieve the purpose of controlling the temperature inside the warehouse, in this way, we can ensure the temperature of the warehouse in an appropriate range.
The Study and Application on Water Treatment Technology of High-Frequency Electric Field
Authors: Li Sen , Wang Hai Feng
Published: September 2013

Nowadays the treatment way of circulating cooling water is mainly confined in the scale removal direction and effect is limited, but in scale inhibition direction few reports. To solve this problem, the study proposed a new technology of high-frequency electric field-colloid-electric adsorption. Simulation circulating water was treated by the self-made electrolytic system in high frequency DC electric field, obtained the optimum conditions by adjusting different electrochemical parameters, and analysed the mechanism of the process. The result suggests that this process has excellent scale inhibition, it reflected the good descaling effect by soften and peel the aging scale, it also can effectively change the crystal morphology, it is convenient, efficient and environment friendly.
Design of a Miniature Short-Stroke Constant-Force Linear Actuator
Authors: Besuchet Romain , Gabella Alexandre , Perriard Yves
Published: September 2013

This paper presents the modelling, design and testing of a short-stroke linear actuator to be embedded in a battery-powered positioning device. The particularity of this small (1 cm3) electromagnetic actuator is that it has to provide a constant force along its nominal stroke (1 mm), required by the specifications. In order to achieve this goal, an analytical and two Finite-Element-Method-based models have been developed. A genetic algorithm that takes the force profile into account is used to maximise the nominal thrust force of the actuator. The prototype shows a force profile that has less than 4% of deviation over the stroke and a nominal thrust force of 1.35 N.