bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Pricing Method in the E-Commerce Industry Using Machine Learning
Authors: Nowak Marcin , Pawłowska-Nowak Marta
Published: December 2024

One of the key areas of contemporary marketing is the formulation of a pricing strategy, which is one of the four pillars of the traditional marketing mix. One way to implement this strategy is through dynamic pricing. It is currently gaining popularity in many industries for two reasons. Firstly, it is possible, easy, and cheap to collect information about transactions and customers. Secondly, machine learning mechanisms, for which these data are essential, are becoming widely available. The aim of this article is to propose a dynamic pricing method for the e-commerce industry. To achieve this goal, machine learning methods such as the Naive Bayes classifier, support vector machines (linear and nonlinear), decision trees, and the k-nearest neighbor algorithm were used. The empirical results indicate that the linear support vector machine achieved the highest accuracy (86.92%), demonstrating the model’s effectiveness in classifying pricing decisions. This article aligns with two leading research trends in dynamic pricing: personalized dynamic pricing (the target model considers customer-related criteria) and the development of systems to assist managers in optimizing pricing strategies to increase revenues (using machine learning methods). This article presents a literature review on dynamic pricing and then discusses the machine learning methods applied. In the final part of this article, verification of the developed dynamic pricing method using real-world conditions is presented.
Solution-Processed Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Using a Lamination Method
Authors: Yoo Dong-Heon , Moon Cheol-Hee
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to improve the luminous characteristics of laminated OLEDs using the electron injection layer as an adhesive layer by introducing several materials to overcome the limitations of previous studies. We improved the adhesiveness and electron injection ability at the same time by mixing polyethylene glycol (PEG) and D-sorbitol with polyethyleneimine (PEI). In addition, we introduced TPBi and PBD, which are electron-transport and hole-blocking (ET/HB) materials, to improve the electron-transport capability of laminated OLEDs. We fabricated a single-carrier device to analyze the balance of movement of holes and electrons, and a single-substrate OLED device to evaluate the luminance performance by comparing ET/HB materials. Finally, the OLED devices laminating the two substrates were manufactured by applying the optimal conditions found in the above experiments. The results showed that there was a serious imbalance between the electron current and the hole current, which was improved by introducing TPBi and PBD as ET/HB materials. In the case of the laminated OLED device, the device applying D-sorbitol to the adhesive layer showed more stable performance than the device using PEG. As a result, the laminated OLED device applying D-sorbitol showed performance similar to that of the single-substrate OLED, and operated stably even at a high voltage.
Design of Multi-Wing Deployment Mechanism Based on Multiple Performance Indicators and Topology: Theoretical and Experimental Study
Authors: Zhai Guangqing , Tao Jianguo , Xiao Hong , Guo Hongwei , Yang Guang , Zhao Runchao , Yao Chen , Liu Rongqiang
Published: December 2024

The folding wing deployment mechanisms of aircraft are constrained by weight and space limitations, necessitating fewer actuators, multiple outputs, compact designs, and high efficiency. However, existing folding wing mechanisms often overlook the impact of performance in configuration design. Additionally, they struggle to achieve the synchronous unfolding of multiple wings using a single drive. This paper presents a design methodology for multi-wing deployment mechanisms based on configuration topology and multiple performance indicators. Specifically, seventeen configurations of multi-wing deployment mechanisms are developed based on functional requirements, along with expression methods for performance indicators, including compactness, mechanism stiffness, dynamic sensitivity, motion transmission, and joint transmission efficiency. The optimal configuration for the multi-wing deployment mechanism is identified utilizing the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Moreover, the transmission efficiency of multiple configurations is calculated across different scale parameters. Simulation analyses and prototype experiments are conducted to validate the design. The results indicate that the transmission efficiency of the optimized configuration consistently exceeds that of the other configurations. Maximum efficiencies surpass those of the other configurations by 2.4% and 5.7%. Importantly, this study introduces a quantitative expression method for multiple performance indicators at the configuration design stage. This approach enables the integration of various performance metrics with configuration designs. Overall, this research provides a novel approach for the innovative design of multi-wing deployment mechanisms in aircraft. Additionally, considering performance in the selection of mechanism configurations during engineering design offers valuable insights and potential applications.
Occurrence of Microplastics in the Sediments of an Irish River and Their Effects on Nematode Survival and Biodiversity
Authors: Murphy Loriane , Germaine Kieran , Cleary John , Kakouli-Duarte Thomais
Published: December 2024

Microplastics (MPs), defined as plastic particles of less than 5 mm, pose a significant global environmental threat, particularly in aquatic ecosystems, due to their persistence and potential harmful effects on wildlife and human health. They can absorb persistent organic pollutants (POPs), like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), raising concerns about their impact on biota. To elucidate this impact, the present study employed attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to analyse the characteristics of MPs sourced from commercial cosmetics. We investigated the toxicity of MPs on Caenorhabditis elegans and two entomopathogenic nematode species, Steinernema feltiae (the enviroCORE strain SB12(1)) and Steinernema carpocapsae (a commercial strain from e-NEMA) in laboratory bioassays. Nematodes were exposed to various concentrations of MPs and other pollutants, including atrazine, 1,3-dichloropropene, naphthalene, and fluorene, in controlled settings over 72 to 96 h. Additionally, high-throughput 18S rDNA sequencing was used to analyse nematode biodiversity in sediments from the River Barrow (RB) in SE Ireland. Our findings revealed that MPs increased nematode mortality and adversely affected community structure, as indicated by nematode maturity and sigma maturity indices, suggesting a potential disruption of the ecological balance in river sediments. This highlighted the ecological risks posed by MP pollution and emphasised the urgent need for further research into the health of benthic ecosystems in Ireland, particularly in relation to how MPs may influence nematode community dynamics and biodiversity.
The Influence of Climate Change and Socioeconomic Transformations on Land Use and NDVI in Ordos, China
Authors: Cao Yin , Ye Zhigang , Bao Yuhai
Published: December 2024

Land use change is related to a series of core issues of global environmental change, such as environmental quality improvement, sustainable utilization of resources, energy reuse and climate change. In this study, Google Earth Engine (GEE), a remote sensing natural environment monitoring and analysis platform, was used to realize the combination of Landsat TM/OLI data images with spectral features and topographic features, and the random forest machine learning classification method was used to supervise and classify the low-cloud composite image data of Ordos City. The results show that: (1) GEE has a powerful computing function, which can realize efficient and high-precision in-depth analysis of long-term multi-temporal remote sensing images and monitoring of land use change, and the accuracy of acquisition can reach 87%. Compared with other data sets in the same period, the overall and local classification results are more distinct than ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute) and GlobeLand 30 data products. Slightly lower than the Institute of Aerospace Information Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to obtain global 30 m of land cover fine classification products. (2) The overall accuracy of the land cover data of Ordos City from 2003 to 2023 is between 79–87%, and the Kappa coefficient is between 0.79–0.84. (3) Climate, terrain, population and other interactive factors combined with socio-economic population data and national and local policies are the main factors affecting land use change between 2003 and 2023.
The Impact of Ecological Governance Projects on Regional Ecological Carrying Capacity Under Climate Change
Authors: Liu Shaobo
Published: December 2024

Ecological governance projects have great potential benefits, but there is a lack of quantitative evaluation of their impacts in terms of enhancing regional ecological carrying capacity under climate change. To quantitatively evaluate the impact of ecological governance projects on regional ecological carrying capacity, a quantitative evaluation model was developed by coupling the classical ecological footprint and ecological service value theory. This model was validated using the water source treatment project (hereinafter referred to as the “DZ” project) of the Middle Route of China’s South to North Water Diversion Project, which is the world’s largest water diversion project, as an example. The results showed the following: (1) During the implementation of the “DZ” project, the per capita ecological carrying capacity of the reservoir area experienced a wave-like growth trend, with an increase of 0.103615 hm2 and a yield increase rate of 20.00%. The “DZ” project has outstanding ecological benefits, valued at approximately USD 125.272266 million. (2) The “DZ” project has contributed to the improvement of the ecological carrying capacity in the Henan area of the Danjiang Reservoir by about 10.14%, demonstrating that such projects have a considerable impact on efforts to improve regional ecological carrying capacity under climate change.
How Does Deep Neural Network-Based Noise Reduction in Hearing Aids Impact Cochlear Implant Candidacy?
Authors: Saoji Aniket A. , Sheikh Bilal A. , Bertsch Natasha J. , Goulson Kayla R. , Graham Madison K. , McDonald Elizabeth A. , Bross Abigail E. , Vaisberg Jonathan M. , Kühnel Volker , Voss Solveig C. , Qian Jinyu , Hogan Cynthia H. , DeJong Melissa D.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Adult hearing-impaired patients qualifying for cochlear implants typically exhibit less than 60% sentence recognition under the best hearing aid conditions, either in quiet or noisy environments, with speech and noise presented through a single speaker. This study examines the influence of deep neural network-based (DNN-based) noise reduction on cochlear implant evaluation. Methods: Speech perception was assessed using AzBio sentences in both quiet and noisy conditions (multi-talker babble) at 5 and 10 dB signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) through one loudspeaker. Sentence recognition scores were measured for 10 hearing-impaired patients using three hearing aid programs: calm situation, speech in noise, and spheric speech in loud noise (DNN-based noise reduction). Speech perception results were compared to bench analyses comprising the phase inversion technique, employed to predict SNR improvement, and the Hearing-Aid Speech Perception Index (HASPI v2), utilized to predict speech intelligibility. Results: The spheric speech in loud noise program improved speech perception by 20 to 32% points as compared to the calm situation program. Thus, DNN-based noise reduction can improve speech perception in noisy environments, potentially reducing the need for cochlear implants in some cases. The phase inversion method showed a 4–5 dB SNR improvement for the DNN-based noise reduction program compared to the other two programs. HASPI v2 predicted slightly better speech intelligibility than was measured in this study. Conclusions: DNN-based noise reduction might make it difficult for some patients with significant residual hearing to qualify for cochlear implantation, potentially delaying its adoption or eliminating the need for it entirely.
The Unique Roles of Ion Channels in Pluripotent Stem Cells in Response to Biological Stimuli
Authors: Kaitsuka Taku
Published: December 2024

Ion channels are essential for mineral ion homeostasis in mammalian cells, and these are activated or inhibited by environmental stimuli such as heat, cold, mechanical, acidic, or basic stresses. These expressions and functions are quite diverse between cell types. The function and importance of ion channels are well-studied in neurons and cardiac cells, while those functions in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) were not fully understood. Some sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, transient receptor potential channels and mechanosensitive Piezo channels are found to be expressed and implicated in pluripotency and self-renewal capacity in PSCs. This review summarizes present and previous reports about ion channels and their response to environmental stimuli in PSCs. Furthermore, we compare the expressions and roles between PSCs and their differentiated embryoid bodies. We then discuss those contributions to pluripotency and differentiation.
Neuroprotective Effects of Functionalized Hydrophilic Carbon Clusters: Targeted Therapy of Traumatic Brain Injury in an Open Blast Rat Model
Authors: Padmanabhan Parasuraman , Lu Jia , Ng Kian Chye , Srinivasan Dinesh Kumar , Sundramurthy Kumar , Nilewski Lizanne Greer , Sikkema William K. A. , Tour James M. , Kent Thomas A. , Gulyás Balázs , Carlstedt-Duke Jan
Published: December 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes multiple cerebrovascular disruptions and oxidative stress. These pathological mechanisms are often accompanied by serious impairment of cerebral blood flow autoregulation and neuronal and glial degeneration. Background/Objectives: Multiple biochemical cascades are triggered by brain damage, resulting in reactive oxygen species production alongside blood loss and hypoxia. However, most currently available early antioxidant therapies lack capacity and hence sufficient efficacy against TBI. The aim of this study was to test a novel catalytic antioxidant nanoparticle to alleviate the damage occurring in blast TBI. Methods: TBI was elicited in an open blast rat model, in which the rats were exposed to the effects of an explosive blast. Key events of the post-traumatic chain in the brain parenchyma were studied using immunohistochemistry. The application of a newly developed biologically compatible catalytic superoxide dismutase mimetic carbon-based nanocluster, a poly-ethylene-glycol-functionalized hydrophilic carbon cluster (PEG-HCC), was tested post-blast to modulate the components of the TBI process. Results: The PEG-HCC was shown to significantly ameliorate neuronal loss in the brain cortex, the dentate gyrus, and hippocampus when administered shortly after the blast. There was also a significant increase in endothelial activity to repair blood–brain barrier damage as well as the modulation of microglial and astrocyte activity and an increase in inducible NO synthase in the cortex. Conclusions: We have demonstrated qualitatively and quantitatively that the previously demonstrated antioxidant properties of PEG-HCCs have a neuroprotective effect after traumatic brain injury following an explosive blast, acting at multiple levels of the pathological chain of events elicited by TBI.
Spectrum of Pathogenic Variants of the ATP7B Gene and Genotype–Phenotype Correlation in Eastern Eurasian Patient Cohorts with Wilson’s Disease
Authors: Garbuz Mikhail , Ovchinnikova Elena , Ovchinnikova Anna , Vinokurova Valeriya , Aristarkhova Yulya , Kuziakova Olga , Mashurova Mariya , Kumeiko Vadim
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Wilson’s disease (WD) (OMIM 277900) or hepatolenticular degeneration is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by impaired copper excretion with subsequent accumulation in the liver, brain, and other tissues of the body. The defects in copper metabolism are based on various pathogenic variants of the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting P-type ATPase. The aim of this work is to search for pathogenic variants of the ATP7B gene among Eastern Eurasian patient cohorts and to pick correlations between pathogenic variants, gender, age of onset of the disease, and the course of the disease. Methods: The material for the study was the biomaterial of 100 people. The search for mutations was carried out by Sanger sequencing. Multiple alignment of nucleotide sequences and their analysis was performed using the MEGA-X software. To study the genotype-phenotypic correlation, an analysis of the medical records of each patient was carried out. Results: Most common pathogenic variant (48%) in the sample is p.His1069Gln (c.3207C>A), located in exon 14 of the ATP7B gene. Pathogenic variants of p.Glu1064Lys (c.3190G>A)—20%—and p.Met769HisfsTer26 (c.2304insC)—8%—of exons 14 and 8 were also common. For patients with pathogenic alleles p.His1069Gln (c.3207C>A) and p.Glu1064Lys (c.3190G>A), typical deviations are mental and neurological manifestations of WD. In patients with the pathogenic allele p.Met769HisfsTer26 (c.2304insC), deviations are more characteristic of the liver and a combination of various symptoms that are atypical for WD. Conclusions: In this study, we were able to obtain differences in symptoms in patients with different pathogenic alleles of the ATP7B gene.
Alarming Signal from the Ear: Tinnitus, a Possible Epiphenomenon of Silent Hyperlipidaemia
Authors: Piros Zsuzsanna , Kispál Kristóf , Szekeres Réka , Takács Barbara , Kiss Rita , Szabó Adrienn Mónika , Ujvárosy Dóra , Szabó Zoltán , Szilvássy Zoltán , Gesztelyi Rudolf , Juhász Béla
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Over the past few decades, many studies have been conducted to explore the link between tinnitus and lipid metabolism, yielding inconsistent results. In our current study, we compared the prevalence of various lipid metabolism abnormalities in patients with chronic subjective idiopathic tinnitus (CSIT) to the official prevalence data of dyslipidaemia in the general adult Hungarian population. To counteract the distorting effect of the co-increase in both conditions with age, we also examined this relationship by age groups. Methods: A total of 231 adult patients, suffering from CSIT, who underwent rheological treatment at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery of the Clinical Center (University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary), were involved in a retrospective study. Total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, LDL-C, ApoB, HDL-C, ApoA, and Lp(a) were utilized. Results: For the aggregated data, we found that the occurrence of dyslipidaemia among our patients (78.35%) significantly exceeded the corresponding official data about the occurrence of dyslipidaemia in the whole adult Hungarian population (16.51%). This finding was supported by our age-specific approach and the results imply an association between CSIT and dyslipidaemia. This finding suggests an association between CSIT and dyslipidaemia. Conclusions: Considering the relationship between CSIT and dyslipidaemia suggested by our results, tinnitus could be an indicator of dyslipidaemia, even at a young age. Therefore, careful investigation of each tinnitus patient, along with a lipidological evaluation for those with CSIT, may be recommended. This approach could lower mortality from lipid-related diseases, particularly atherosclerosis and its complications, by serving as the first line of defence against a harmful and life-threatening lipid-related conditions.
Multifractal Analysis and Experimental Evaluation of MCM-48 Mesoporous Silica as a Drug Delivery System for Metformin Hydrochloride
Authors: Sha’at Mousa , Ignat Maria , Sacarescu Liviu , Spac Adrian Florin , Barsan (Bujor) Alexandra , Ghizdovat Vlad , Nazaretian Emanuel , Dumitras Catalin , Agop Maricel , Rusu Cristina Marcela , Ochiuz Lacramioara
Published: December 2024

Background: This study explored the potential of MCM-48 mesoporous silica matrices as a drug delivery system for metformin hydrochloride, aimed at improving the therapeutic management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objectives included the synthesis and characterization of MCM-48, assessment of its drug loading capacity, analysis of drug release profiles under simulated physiological conditions, and the development of a multifractal dynamics-based theoretical framework to model and interpret the release kinetics. Methods: MCM-48 was synthesized using a sol–gel method and characterized by SEM-EDX, TEM, and nitrogen adsorption techniques. Drug loading was performed via adsorption at pH 12 using metformin hydrochloride solutions of 1 mg/mL (P-1) and 3 mg/mL (P-2). In vitro dissolution studies were conducted to evaluate the release profiles in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. A multifractal dynamics model was developed to interpret the release kinetics. Results: SEM-EDX confirmed the uniform distribution of silicon and oxygen, while TEM images revealed a highly ordered cubic mesoporous structure. Nitrogen adsorption analyses showed a high specific surface area of 1325.96 m²/g for unloaded MCM-48, which decreased with drug loading, confirming efficient incorporation of metformin hydrochloride. The loading capacities were 59.788 mg/g (P-1) and 160.978 mg/g (P-2), with efficiencies of 99.65% and 89.43%, respectively. In vitro dissolution studies showed a biphasic release profile: an initial rapid release in gastric conditions followed by sustained release in intestinal fluids, achieving cumulative releases of 92.63% (P-1) and 82.64% (P-2) after 14 hours. The multifractal dynamics-based theoretical release curves closely matched the experimental data. Conclusions: MCM-48 mesoporous silica effectively enhanced metformin delivery, offering a controlled release profile well-suited for type 2 diabetes management. The multifractal theoretical framework provided valuable insights into drug release dynamics, contributing to the advancement of innovative drug delivery systems.
The Differential Complement, Fc and Chemokine Receptor Expression of B Cells in IgG4-Related Pancreatobiliary Disease and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Its Relevance for Targeting B Cell Pathways in Disease
Authors: Cargill Tamsin , Barnes Eleanor , Rispens Theo , Culver Emma L.
Published: December 2024

Background: Immune-mediated liver and biliary conditions, such as IgG4-related pancreatobiliary disease (IgG4-PB) and a subset of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC- high(h)IgG4), exhibit increased IgG4 levels in the blood. The relative expression of IgG4+ and IgG1+ B cells in the blood and the expression of complement and Fc receptors on these IgG1+ and IgG4+ B cells in IgG4-PB and PSC have not been previously described. We hypothesised that the patterns of expression of these cells and their receptors would differ, are relevant to disease pathogenesis and may represent therapeutic targets. Methods: CD19+ B cells were sorted from blood collected from patients with IgG4-PB, PSC-high(h)IgG4 and healthy volunteers. Cells were stained with fluorescent labelled antibodies specific to IgG1, IgG4, complement receptors (CR1 and CR2), Fc receptors (FcεRII and FcγRIIb) and chemokine receptors (CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5) and were analysed by flow cytometry. Findings: IgG4-PB, compared to healthy volunteers, showed decreased CR2 expression on IgG1+ B cells (MFI 416 (275–552) vs. 865 (515–3631), p = 0.04) and IgG4+ B cells (MFI 337 (231–353) vs. 571 (398–2521), p = 0.03). IgG4-PB, compared to healthy volunteers, showed increased FcεRII expression on IgG4+ B cells (MFI 296 (225–617) vs. 100 (92–138), p = 0.0145) and decreased FcγRIIb expression on IgG1+ B cells (134 (72–161) vs. 234 (175–291), p = 0.0262). FcγRIIb expression was also decreased in IgG1+ B cells in patients with PSC-hIgG4 compared to healthy volunteers. Conclusions: This exploratory study indicates that in IgG4-PB, B cells have decreased CR2 and FcγRIIb expression and increased FcεRII expression, suggesting altered sensitivity to complement, IgG-mediated inhibition and sensitisation by IgE, which may promote the relative expansion of IgG4+ B cells in this disease.
Establishment of Sample-to-Answer Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification-Based Nucleic Acid Testing Using the Sampling, Processing, Incubation, Detection and Lateral Flow Immunoassay Platforms
Authors: Pommiès Lilas , Boutal Hervé , Fras David , Volland Hervé
Published: December 2024

Diagnostics often require specialized equipment and trained personnel in laboratory settings, creating a growing need for point-of-care tests (POCTs). Among the genetic testing methods available, Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) offers a viable solution for developing genetic POCT due to its compatibility with simplified devices. This study aimed to create a genetic test that integrates all steps from sample processing to analyzing results while minimizing the complexity, handling, equipment, and time required. Several challenges were addressed to achieve this goal: (1) the development of a buffer for bacterial DNA extraction that is compatible with both LAMP and immunochromatographic tests; (2) the adaption of the LAMP protocol for use with the SPID device; and (3) the optimization of the detection protocol for specific test conditions, with a lateral flow immunoassay format selected for its POCT compatibility. Following these developments, the test was validated using Escherichia coli (E. coli) and non-E. coli strains. A portable heating station was also developed to enable amplification without costly equipment. The resulting genetic POCT achieved 100% sensitivity and 85% specificity, with results available in 60 to 75 min. This study demonstrated that our POCT efficiently performs DNA extraction, amplification, and detection for bacterial identification. The test’s simplicity and cost-effectiveness will support its implementation in various settings.
Machine Learning-Driven Innovations in Microfluidics
Authors: Park Jinseok , Kim Yang Woo , Jeon Hee-Jae
Published: December 2024

Microfluidic devices have revolutionized biosensing by enabling precise manipulation of minute fluid volumes across diverse applications. This review investigates the incorporation of machine learning (ML) into the design, fabrication, and application of microfluidic biosensors, emphasizing how ML algorithms enhance performance by improving design accuracy, operational efficiency, and the management of complex diagnostic datasets. Integrating microfluidics with ML has fostered intelligent systems capable of automating experimental workflows, enabling real-time data analysis, and supporting informed decision-making. Recent advances in health diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and synthetic biology driven by ML are critically examined. This review highlights the transformative potential of ML-enhanced microfluidic systems, offering insights into the future trajectory of this rapidly evolving field.
Massive Screening of Food Extracts for Quality Assessment and Standardization of Allergenic Activity
Authors: Tortajada-Genaro Luis Antonio
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: In drug discovery and pharmaceutical quality control, a challenge is to assess protein extracts used for allergy therapy and in vivo diagnosis, such as prick tests. Indeed, there are significant differences between the features of marketed products due to variations in raw materials, purification processes, and formulation techniques. (2) Methods: A protein array technology has been developed to provide comprehensive information on protein–biomarker interactions on a large scale to support the pharmaceutical industry and clinical research. The biosensing method is based on immobilizing low volumes of protein extracts (40 nL) on thermoplastic chips in array format. The biological activity was estimated by incubating with serum from representative food allergy patients. (3) Results: The reproducible optical signals were registered (deviation lower than 10%) using low-cost technologies such as a smartphone and a reader of digital versatile discs. The method was applied to pharmaceutical products to diagnose ten common food allergies, including barley, kiwi, milk, prawn, egg, peanut, wheat, peach, walnut, and squid. Quality indicators were established from spot intensities, enabling an effective comparison of manufacturers. (4) Conclusions: A biosensing-based strategy for screening pharmaceutical products emerges as a reliable and advantageous alternative to traditional approaches such as electrophoresis, fluorescence chips, and ELISA assays. This high-throughput method can contribute to understanding complex biological processes and evaluate the performance of pharmaceutical products.
Mental Health Literacy and Attitudes Towards Mental Health Problems Among College Students, Nepal
Authors: Poudel Dev Bandhu , Sharif Loujain Saud , Acharya Samjhana , Mahsoon Alaa , Sharif Khalid , Wright Rebecca
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: Research on mental health literacy (MHL) and attitudes toward mental health problems (ATMHP) among non-medical college students in Nepal is limited. This study examined the relationship between MHL and ATMHP, considering demographic variables and familiarity with mental health issues; (2) Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey with 385 college students from Chitwan and Kathmandu, Nepal, using opportunity sampling. Descriptive and inferential statistics examined demographic differences, while Pearson’s correlation assessed relationships among latent variables; (3) Results: No relationship was found between MHL and ATMHP (r = −0.01, p = 0.92). Females had greater awareness of stereotypes (p = 0.025, g = 0.24). Hotel management students showed better self-help strategies (p = 0.036, d = 0.46). Public college students scored higher in self-help strategies than government (p = 0.036, d = −0.32) and private college students (p = 0.02, d = −0.32). Non-employed students outperformed employed ones in self-help strategies (p = 0.002, g = −0.46). Other demographic factors showed no significant relationships; (4) Conclusions: MHL and ATMHP were unrelated, indicating that increasing MHL alone may not improve attitudes. Multidimensional interventions combining education and experiential learning are needed. Certain demographic factors influenced stereotypes and self-help strategies, while others showed no significant impact.
Relationship Between Problematic Smartphone Use and Graduate Students’ Research Self-Efficacy: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Li Peng , Chen Jiangyuan , Duan Zhitong , Xu Wei , Feng Yangcun
Published: December 2024

As Generation Z youth grow up with the Internet, problematic smartphone use is growing more prevalent. This study administered questionnaires containing measures such as the Mobile Phone Addiction Index, the Research Self-Efficacy Scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and the Stress Mindset Measure. The survey targeted 2278 graduate students and explored the mechanism through which problematic smartphone use affects research self-efficacy (RSE). The results reveal that problematic smartphone use has significant negative effects on self-efficacy, with mental stress playing a mediating role in this process; that is, problematic smartphone use lowers RSE by increasing mental stress. Meanwhile, the aforementioned negative impacts caused by problematic smartphone use are moderated by stress mindsets: the “stress-is-enhancing” mindset reduces the negative effects of smartphone use on RSE, whereas the “stress-is-debilitating” mindset amplifies these negative effects by enhancing the mediating effect of mental stress.
Does Trauma Change the Way Individuals with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Deal with Positive Stimuli?
Authors: Pino Olimpia , Rossi Maurizio , Malvezzi Matteo Charles
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent disorder and a highly debilitating condition. Although current theories focused on depressed mood and intrusion as critical dimensions, the mechanism through which depression increases the risk of PTSD remains unclear. Research usually concentrates on the hyperactive negative valence system (NVS) (e.g., increased fear and threat responses), but some evidence suggests a significant role for the hypoactive positive valence system (PVS) (e.g., less neural activation towards rewards). Method: The main aim of the present research was to investigate whether probable PTSD leads to a different evaluation of the implicit processing in a refugee’s sample. Ratings of arousal, dominance, and valence from 60 International Affective Picture System (IAPS) pictures (positive, neutral, and negative) were collected from 42 individuals with probable PTSD, and a group of 26 trauma-exposed individuals (Mage = 28.49 years, SD = ±7.78). Results: ANOVA results revealed a main group effect (η2p = 0.379) on arousal, dominance, valence dimensions, and pictures’ categories (η2p = 0.620), confirming evidence according to which PTSD origins a state of maladaptive hyperarousal and troubles the regulation of emotions, and not supporting the view that such difficulties arise only with negative stimuli. Participants with probable PTSD deemed negative stimuli as more threatening than they really are, reacting to unpleasant images with greater negative emotionality (i.e., enhanced arousal and lower valence ratings) compared with individuals without PTSD. Moreover, they rated positive stimuli as less pleasant. Furthermore, arousal ratings were negatively correlated with valence (r = −0.709, p < 0.01) indicating that pictures with high arousal (negative) were associated with lower valence. Discussion: Our findings supported evidence according to which PTSD caused a constant state of hyperarousal and difficulties in regulating emotions facing environmental stimuli. Positive stimuli are considered less pleasant, and this inhibits from completely benefiting from them. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence for a differential and potentially complementary involvement of NVS and PVS in PTSD development. Intervention for PTSD may, thus, target both negative and positive valence processing.
The Role of Guilt Feelings in the Development of the Burnout Process: The Influence on Psychosomatic Problems
Authors: Gil-LaOrden Pedro , Carlotto Mary Sandra , Gil-Monte Pedro R.
Published: December 2024

Burnout is a psychological consequence of prolonged work-related stress. Previous studies have concluded that guilt feelings could explain the development of the burnout process and its relationship with other health disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mediating role of guilt feelings in the relationship between burnout and psychosomatic problems. The sample comprised 714 Brazilian teachers (82.10% women). Burnout was assessed using the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI). The hypotheses were evaluated together using a path model to test the mediating role of guilt feelings in the development of burnout and its relationship with psychosomatic problems. Two models were constructed: the hypothesized model (i.e., indolence → guilt → psychosomatic problems) vs. the alternative model (i.e., indolence → psychosomatic problems → guilt). According to the results, the hypothesized model obtained a satisfactory fit to the data, whereas the alternative model’s fit was found to be inadequate. We concluded that the hypothesized model was a good representation of the relationship among burnout, guilt feelings and psychosomatic problems. We recommend taking into consideration feelings of guilt to improve the diagnosis of burnout.
The Impact of Physical Hazards on Workers’ Job Satisfaction in the Construction Industry: A Case Study of Korea
Authors: Seo Hyun Jeong , Hyun Eun-jung , Yoon Young-Geun
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of workplace physical hazards on job satisfaction in the construction industry, focusing on the mediating role of mental threats and the moderating effects of perceived job quality and security. The study findings indicate that exposure to physical hazards significantly contributes to mental stress, leading to reduced job satisfaction. Importantly, a heightened awareness of physical risks amplifies the mental burden, further decreasing job satisfaction. Furthermore, the study highlights that perceived job quality and job security can buffer the negative effects of mental threats on job satisfaction, suggesting that enhancing these factors may alleviate some of the adverse impacts of physical hazards. This research provides important insights into the complex relationships between physical work conditions, psychological stress, and employee satisfaction. It emphasizes the need for construction companies to implement practices that not only reduce physical hazards but also improve perceived job quality and security to foster employee well-being. The study contributes to the literature on occupational health and safety, offering practical implications for managers and policymakers aiming to enhance job satisfaction and retention in physically demanding environments. Future research should explore the long-term effects of these relationships and how they may extend to other high-risk industries.
Theoretical Research on Suspension Bridge Cable Damage Assessment Based on Vehicle-Induced Cable Force
Authors: He Tiantao , Li Bo , Yang Jipeng , Xia Ye , Qian Ji
Published: December 2024

As one of the most critical load-bearing components in suspension bridges, cables require accurate damage assessments. Contemporary research methodologies primarily rely on cross-validation across multiple cables, which can present challenges in identifying damage under certain conditions. To address this limitation, this study proposes an evaluation method utilizing the cable force of individual cables. A damage index is introduced by the ratio of vehicle-induced cable tension (defined as the ratio of vehicle-induced cable force without weight to its baseline value), and the finite element model of a suspension bridge is used to verify this index. Initially, the finite element model of a suspension bridge is established, and a large number of datasets are generated using this model. These datasets include vehicle weight and vehicle-induced cable force. Subsequently, Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) clustering is employed to categorize the dataset according to lanes, thereby establishing baseline values for each lane. Finally, damage assessments are conducted using data from individual cables and are validated against the outcomes obtained from the upstream–downstream cable force ratio method. The results show that the data trend of the damage index is clearly visible in six lanes, with the most pronounced trend occurring in the lane farthest from the cable (the sixth lane). The robustness of the index is also verified by adding 2% Gaussian white noise data, providing a research basis for related engineering projects.
Flexural Behavior and Failure Modes of Pultruded GFRP Tube Concrete-Filled Composite Beams: A Review of Experimental and Numerical Studies
Authors: Al-Ezzi Mohammed Jalal , Ayamsir Agusril , Supian A. B. M. , Beddu Salmia , Al-Dala’ien Rayeh Nasr
Published: December 2024

Pultruded glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) materials are increasingly recognized in civil engineering for their exceptional properties, including a high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and ease of fabrication, making them ideal for composite structural applications. The use of concrete infill enhances the structural integrity of thin-walled GFRP sections and compensates for the low elastic modulus of hollow profiles. Despite the widespread adoption of concrete-filled pultruded GFRP tubes in composite beams, critical gaps remain in understanding their flexural behavior and failure mechanisms, particularly concerning design optimization and manufacturing strategies to mitigate failure modes. This paper provides a comprehensive review of experimental and numerical studies that investigate the impact of key parameters, such as concrete infill types, reinforcement strategies, bonding levels, and GFRP tube geometries, on the flexural performance and failure behavior of concrete-filled pultruded GFRP tubular members in composite beam applications. The analysis includes full-scale GFRP beam studies, offering a thorough comparison of documented flexural responses, failure modes, and structural performance outcomes. The findings are synthesized to highlight current trends, identify research gaps, and propose strategies to advance the understanding and application of these composite systems. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations for future research, emphasizing the development of innovative material combinations, optimization of structural designs, and refinement of numerical modeling techniques.
Shear Fragility Analysis of Non-Classically Damped Three-Dimensional Structures Under Seismic Excitation
Authors: Wang Jinghui , Tan Ping , Huang Tiancan , He Xuefeng , Zhou Fulin
Published: December 2024

This study proposes a seismic performance evaluation method for structures using the base shear index to calculate the collapse probability. After non-proportional damping was applied to the three-dimensional bar system model, the structural dynamic response was computed through large-scale finite element analysis. A three-dimensional matrix element for calculating viscous dampers was established in this study. The viscous unified elastoplastic (VUEL) damper element program was compiled using the Fortran language into the ABAQUS 6.14 software. An incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) routine was developed using Python 3.0 within the environment of ABAQUS. The uncontrolled structure was designed using the forced decoupling response spectrum method (FD-RSM), while the damped structure was designed using the complex modal response spectrum method (CM-RSM). Seismic fragility analysis was conducted on both uncontrolled and damped structures using the recommended far-field and near-field earthquake records from ATC-63 FEMAP-695. The shear-based fragility index and collapse probability were investigated to comprehensively assess the seismic performance of the uncontrolled and damped structures. The analysis results indicated that the ratios of the limit performance states for moderate damage (IO), severe damage (LS), and complete damage (CP) in the structure were 1:1.6:2.6. Compared with the various limit performance states of the uncontrolled structures, the increments in the moderate, severe, and complete damage limit performance states of the damped structures were 12.79%, 14.86%, and 16.97%, respectively.
Endoscopic and Histological Characteristics of Gastric Cancer Detected Long After Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy
Authors: Abe Ryo , Uchikoshi Shu , Horikawa Yohei , Mimori Nobuya , Kato Yuhei , Tahata Yuta , Fushimi Saki , Saito Masahiro , Takahashi Satsuki
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Since 2013, eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori gastritis (Hp-ET) has been covered by the National Health Insurance of Japan. Recently, the risk of post-eradication gastric cancer (pE-GC) has increased. pE-GC includes cancers that develop immediately and several years after Hp-ET. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the endoscopic and histological characteristics of late types of pE-GCs. Method: One hundred patients with differentiated cancers detected after Hp-ET who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection from 2015 to 2023 were compared. Patients were divided into two groups; the immediate group (n = 69), with cancer detected within 6 years, and the delayed group (n = 31), with cancer detected within >6 years after Hp-ET. The background mucosa and tumor mucosa were examined individually. The endoscopic findings were as follows: enlarged folds, map-like redness, intermediate zone irregularity, and the presence of a regular arrangement of collecting venules and a light blue crest (background); an irregular surface structure, an irregular vascular pattern, an irregular surface pattern, and a gastritis-like appearance (tumor). The histological findings were as follows: a low remnant rate of the fundic glands, intestinal metaplasia (IM), crypt enlargement, and neutrophil infiltration (background); mosaicism, the elongation of noncancer ducts, and an overlying non-neoplastic epithelium (tumor). Results: There was no significant difference regarding the background mucosa and tumor mucosa between the two groups. In the delayed group, the remnant rate of the fundic glands was 19.8 ± 15.6%, and IM was 87.1% (27/31). Further, 90.3% (28/31) of the patients exhibited persistent neutrophil infiltration. Conclusion: This study suggested that patients with a low remnant rate of the fundic gland and IM and persistent mucosal inflammation were at high risk for developing pE-GCs.
Risk Factors for Surgical Wound Infection and Fascial Dehiscence After Open Gynecologic Oncologic Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hagedorn Carolin , Dornhöfer Nadja , Aktas Bahriye , Weydandt Laura , Lia Massimiliano
Published: December 2024

Background: Numerous studies have identified typical risk factors for surgical site infections (SSI) and fascial dehiscence (FD), but patients with gynecological cancer are often excluded. This study aimed to assess the key risk factors for SSI and FD in gynecological oncological patients undergoing median laparotomy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent median laparotomy for gynecological cancer between January 2017 and December 2020. Machine learning (random forest) was employed to identify interactions among predictors, while multivariable logistic regression was used to develop a model, validated through bootstrapping. Results: A total of 204 women underwent open surgery for malignant gynecological diseases at our institution. A total of 50 patients developed SSI (24.5%) and 18 of these additionally suffered from FD (8.8%). The duration of the surgical procedure was independently associated with both SSI and FD. However, this association was only significant if the bowel was opened during surgery (either accidentally or intentionally). Conversely, if the bowel was left intact, the duration of the operation had no effect on either SSI (p = 0.88) or FD (p = 0.06). Additionally, a lower age of the patients significantly (p = 0.013) independently influenced the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the SSI rate. Conclusions: Our study supports the importance of duration of surgery in predicting SSI and FD in patients with gynecological cancer. This correlation between operation time and wound complications depends on whether bowel surgery was performed. Additionally, the relevance of obesity as a risk factor is higher in younger than in older patients.