bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive wave-particle decomposition in UGKWP method for high-speed flow simulations
Authors: Wei Yufeng , Cao Junzhe , Ji Xing , Xu Kun
Published: October 2023

With wave-particle decomposition, a unified gas-kinetic wave-particle (UGKWP) method has been developed for multiscale flow simulations. With the variation of the cell Knudsen number, the UGKWP method captures the transport process in all flow regimes without the kinetic solver’s constraint on the numerical mesh size and time step being determined by the kinetic particle mean free path and particle collision time. In the current UGKWP method, the cell Knudsen number, which is defined as the ratio of particle collision time to numerical time step, is used to distribute the components in the wave-particle decomposition. The adaptation of particles in the UGKWP method is mainly for the capturing of the non-equilibrium transport. In this aspect, the cell Knudsen number alone is not enough to identify the non-equilibrium state. For example, in the equilibrium flow regime with a Maxwellian distribution function, even at a large cell Knudsen number, the flow evolution can be still modelled by the Navier-Stokes solver. More specifically, in the near space environment both the hypersonic flow around a space vehicle and the plume flow from a satellite nozzle will encounter a far field rarefied equilibrium flow in a large computational domain. In the background dilute equilibrium region, the large particle collision time and a uniform small numerical time step can result in a large local cell Knudsen number and make the UGKWP method track a huge number of particles for the far field background flow in the original approach. But, in this region the analytical wave representation can be legitimately used in the UGKWP method to capture the nearly equilibrium flow evolution. Therefore, to further improve the efficiency of the UGKWP method for multiscale flow simulations, an adaptive UGKWP (AUGKWP) method is developed with the introduction of an additional local flow variable gradient-dependent Knudsen number. As a result, the wave-particle decomposition in the UGKWP method is determined by both the cell and gradient Knudsen numbers, and the use of particles in the UGKWP method is solely to capture the non-equilibrium flow transport. The current AUGKWP method becomes much more efficient than the previous one with the cell Knudsen number only in the determination of wave-particle composition. Many numerical tests, including Sod shock tube, normal shock structure, hypersonic flow around cylinder, flow around reentry capsule, and an unsteady nozzle plume flow, have been conducted to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the AUGKWP method. Compared with the original UGKWP method, the AUGKWP method achieves the same accuracy, but has advantages in memory reduction and computational efficiency in the simulation for flows with the co-existing of multiple regimes.
Management of soft tissues in patients with periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Shao Hongyi , Zhou Yixin
Published: October 2023

Background

Appropriate soft tissue management represents a critical step in treating periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). This review discusses relevant guidelines that surgeons should follow in the management of soft tissues in PJI treatment.

Body

It is imperative for arthroplasty surgeons to thoroughly debride and rebuild soft tissue with a good blood supply. Relevant guidelines that surgeons should follow rigorously include preoperative evaluation of soft tissue status and plan-making, adequate surgical area exposure, intraoperative removal of all necrotic and infected soft tissues, adequate coverage of soft tissue defects, timely postoperative assessment and management of soft tissues, wound management and proper rehabilitation.

Conclusion

Soft tissue management plays a critical role in the treatment of PJI. To improve the infection control rate and postoperative joint function, surgeons should be familiar with these general principles and rigorously practice them in PJI management.
Optimal domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behaviors for blood lipids among Japanese children: a compositional data analysis
Authors: Kidokoro Tetsuhiro , Kitano Naruki , Imai Natsuko , Lang Justin J. , Tomkinson Grant R. , Magnussen Costan G.
Published: October 2023

Background

Optimizing childhood domain-specific physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) for blood lipid profile is not well understood. We aimed to (1) determine the associations between accelerometer-measured PA and SB for each domain (school time and out-of-school time) with blood lipid profile and (2) estimate predicted changes in blood lipid profile with hypothetical time-reallocation between domain-specific SB and PA among Japanese children using compositional data analysis (CoDA).

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 284 children (147 boys and 137 girls) aged 9–12 years (mean age [years]: 10.1 ± 1.2 for boys, 10.0 ± 1.1 for girls; mean body mass index: 18.2 ± 3.2 for boys, 17.5 ± 2.5 for girls). Time spent in domain-specific SB, light-intensity PA (LPA), moderate-intensity PA (MPA), and vigorous-intensity PA (VPA) was assessed using accelerometry. The non-fasting lipid profile considered measures of triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-HDL-C levels. CoDA and isotemporal substitution model were performed to examine the associations of domain-specific PA and SB with blood lipids.

Results

Time spent in out-of-school VPA relative to the other behaviors was negatively associated with non-HDL-C (boys: βilr1 = − 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] =  − 0.19 to − 0.01), TG (boys: βilr1 = − 0.45, 95% CI = − 0.68 to − 0.22), and positively associated with HDL-C (girls: βilr1 = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.16) after adjusting for age, body mass index, and time spent in SB, LPA, and MPA. During the out-of-school period, a replacement of 1 min of any other behavior with VPA was associated with decreases in LDL-C in boys (predicted changes [95% CI] − 0.03 mmol/L [− 0.05 to − 0.00] for LPA), non-HDL-C in boys (predicted changes [95% CI] − 0.03 mmol/L [− 0.06 to − 0.01] for SB and LPA) and TG in boys (predicted changes [95% CI] − 0.04 mmol/L [− 0.06 to − 0.02] for SB and LPA, − 0.05 mmol/L [− 0.07 to − 0.02] for MPA) and in girls (predicted changes [95% CI] − 0.02 mmol/L [− 0.04 to − 0.00] for LPA), and increases in HDL-C in girls (predicted changes [95% CI] 0.02 mmol/L [0.00 to 0.04] for SB and LPA, 0.03 mmol/L [0.00 to 0.05] for MPA).

Conclusions

Increasing out-of-school VPA might be an effective approach to improve blood lipid profiles among Japanese children.
Έκθεση ασθενών με εμφυτεύματα σε ραδιοσυχνοτικά πεδία μαγνητικής τομογραφίας
Authors: Τσανίδης Γεώργιος
Published: October 2023

Η ανάγκη για εξέταση Απεικόνισης Μαγνητικού Συντονισμού (Magnetic Resonance Imaging – MRI) έχει αυξηθεί τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες, εξαιτίας των πολλαπλών πλεονεκτημάτων της, αλλά από αυτή την ιατρική εξέταση εξαιρούνται οι ασθενείς με ενεργά εμφυτεύματα, λόγω της αλληλεπίδρασης τους με τα υψηλά ηλεκτρομαγνητικά πεδία. Ο αριθμός, όμως, των ασθενών αυτών συνεχώς αυξάνεται και μαζί με αυτόν μεγαλώνει και η ανάγκη τους για αυτήν την εξέταση. Στην παρούσα εργασία, αρχικά, πραγματοποιήθηκε μια συνοπτική βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση στις συνέπειες αυτής της αλληλεπίδρασης, καθώς και μελετήθηκαν τα πρότυπα και οδηγίες που αφορούν την ασφάλεια του ασθενή με εμφύτευμα μέσα σε ένα MRI σύστημα. Στη συνέχεια, πραγματοποιήθηκε μελέτη του προσπίπτοντος ηλεκτρικού πεδίου κατά μήκος πιθανών διαδρομών καρδιακών εμφυτευμάτων, υπό διαφορετικά σενάρια απεικόνισης, όπου και διαπιστώθηκαν αριθμητικά οι παράγοντες που τελικά επιδρούν στην εναπόθεση της ισχύος στους περιβάλλοντες ιστούς. Επιπλέον, προτάθηκε, η χρήση αριθμητικών μοντέλων, αντί πειραματικών μετρήσεων, για τον υπολογισμό του ηλεκτρικού μοντέλου ενός εμφυτεύματος, καθώς και διαπιστώθηκε η αδυναμία της ακριβούς εκτίμησης της in vivo επαγόμενης ισχύος σε ένα κοχλιακό εμφύτευμα με την εφαρμογή ενός ομογενούς υλικού. Για αυτόν το λόγο προτάθηκε η χρήση ενός μεικτού μέσου για τον υπολογισμό του ηλεκτρικού μοντέλου του εμφυτεύματος. Ακόμη, αναπτύχθηκε μια τροποποιημένη αριθμητική διαδικασία για την εκτίμηση της αύξησης θερμοκρασίας στους ιστούς γύρω από ζευγάρι εμφυτευμάτων, η οποία λαμβάνει υπόψη την αμοιβαία σύζευξη μεταξύ τους. Επιπλέον, μελετήθηκε η επίδραση ενός σπασμένου καλωδίου στην επαγόμενη ισχύ στο άκρο ενός εμφυτεύματος με πολλαπλά ηλεκτρόδια και τέλος, αναπτύχθηκε μια αριθμητική μεθοδολογία, για την εκτίμηση του προκύπτοντος ηλεκτρικού μοντέλου ενός εμφυτεύματος από την παρουσία περισσοτέρων του ενός σπασμένου καλωδίου.
The potential of intellectual capital as a source of competitive advantage for banks using CART classification trees
Authors: Anielak-Sobczak Karolina
Published: October 2023

Motivation: Most of the available analyzes on building banks’ competitiveness were based on typical financial ratios. The challenge for every modern bank is not just understanding the meaning of intellectual capital, but defining its elements and determining measures that enable its effective management, leading to the improvement and maintenance of a strong competitive position. Empirical research concerning the competitiveness of banks in Poland is increasingly focused not only on efficiency and financial indicators but more often on emphasizing the significance of the components describing the IC subsystems, which include: service quality, bank reputation, customer confidence in the financial service of a given bank and the attractiveness and comprehensiveness of its offer as significant determinants of the overall assessment of a given entity.Aim: The aim of the article is to systematize the definition of a bank’s intellectual capital and to indicate its role in building a bank’s long-term competitive position using multidimensional statistical analysis — classification tree (CART method).Results: The conducted analysis will allow to find rules (based on diagnostic indicators) classifying banks into separate groups (A, B, C). This will lead to the conclusion which indicators from the economic (EC) and intellectual (IC) capital layers have the greatest impact on the competitiveness of banks (2009–2020).
Objectives of the ESG bonds issues
Authors: Frydrych Sylwia
Published: October 2023

Motivation: In the face of a growing interest in social, environmental, and sustainable economic development in recent years, attention should be paid to debt instruments with an ESG label. Proceeds from the issue of these instruments are intended for purposes related to the financing of projects contributing to meeting the ESG criteria.Aim: The aim of the article is to analyse the objectives of the ESG bond issues. The study is an attempt to answer the question which industries issue ESG bonds, contributing to the fulfilment of ESG criteria, and for what purposes the funds from the issue are allocated.Results: Database collected from the Refinitiv Eikon for the period between 2012 and 2021 allows also to conclude that there is weak positive relationship between sectors and ESG bond issuance objectives. Whereas there is strong positive relationship between ESG bond issue objectives such as Clean Transport, Energy Efficiency, Eligible Green Projects, Green Construction Buildings and Alternative Energy. On the other hand, an inverse weak relationship has been observed between issue’s targets such as Climate Change Adaptation and Renewable Energy Project as well as Climate Change Adaptation and Alternative Energy.
Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Clavicle Joint and its impact on sports participation – Description of 2 Cases: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Bielak Maciej , Bielak Ryszard , Kędra Kamila , Michalik Izabela , Zarańska Julia , Aab Arkadiusz , Bielak Karolina
Published: October 2023

Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Clavicle (CPC) is a rare condition stemming fromincomplete clavicular ossification nuclei fusion. Our work discusses CPC’s history, etiology,clinical features, and methods of therapy. We especially emphasize athletes affected by this condition. Here we presents two clinical cases, treatmentapproaches and outcomes. CPC’s distinct presentation, often painless, with central claviculardiscontinuity and swelling, allows to differentiate it from other conditions. However, in sport athletes, due to the significant physical exertion involved, symptoms can manifest. Accuratediagnosis is crucial for effective management.
Prostate cancer - risk factors and prevention strategies
Authors: Rybak Jakub , Magiera Barbara , Magiera Karol
Published: October 2023

Introduction and purpose: Prostate cancer is the second most frequent malignancy in men worldwide. The aim of this study is to analyze the key modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with the development of prostate cancer and to discuss existing prevention strategies.
Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted using the "PubMed" database with the keywords "prostate cancer", "prostate cancer risk factors", "prostate cancer prevention”.
State of knowledge: Prostate cancer risk factors can be divided into two groups: modifiable and non-modifiable. Modifiable risk factors include: diet, infections and alcohol use. Non-modifiable risk factors include: age, race, genetic factors, and family history. Chemoprevention plays an important role in the prevention of prostate cancer.
Summary: Despite the fact that prostate cancer remains a significant challenge for current medicine, the development of preventive methods in recent years gives hope for reducing mortality associated with the disease. Research is still being conducted to identify prostate cancer risk factors and to improve methods of primary and secondary prevention.
Fundusz Wsparcia Sił Zbrojnych jako źródło finansowania rozwoju Sił Zbrojnych RP – ujęcie na tle rozwiązań systemowych
Authors: Cilak Małgorzata
Published: October 2023

Ustawa o obronie Ojczyzny z 11 marca 2022 r. ustanowiła nowe źródło finansowania rozwoju Sił Zbrojnych RP w postaci Funduszu Wsparcia Sił Zbrojnych. Zastąpił on dotychczas działający państwowy fundusz celowy – Fundusz Modernizacji Sił Zbrojnych. Celem artykułu jest zbadanie statusu prawnego Funduszu Wsparcia Sił Zbrojnych w świetle Konstytucji, ustawy o finansach publicznych oraz podstawowych zasad budżetowych.
Udzielanie wyjaśnień przez regionalne izby obrachunkowe w sprawach dotyczących stosowania przepisów o finansach publicznych. Zagadnienie prawne, praktyczne i problemowe
Authors: Krauschar Kamil
Published: October 2023

W ślad za paremią clara non sunt interpretanda w orzecznictwie sądowoadministracyjnym została utrwalona koncepcja wykładni prawa powszechnie obowiązującego, odpowiadająca zasadzie prawa wspólnotowego Unii Europejskiej – acte clair, która opiera się na założeniu dokonywania wykładni prawa jedynie w sytuacjach powstałych wątpliwości co do jasności i zrozumiałości tekstu prawnego. Jednostki samorządu terytorialnego uczestniczą w sprawowaniu władzy publicznej, a przysługujące im w ramach ustaw istotną część zadań publicznych samorząd wykonują w imieniu własnym i na własną odpowiedzialność. Ponadto, respektując zasadę praworządności, tym samym interpretując prawidłowo normy prawa, obowiązane są do podejmowania czynności zarówno faktycznych, jak i prawnych, z uregulowaniem stosunku prawnego wedle własnej woli, uzewnętrznionej przez organy przedstawicielskie. Prawidłowe zrozumienie tekstu prawnego, ewentualnie odkodowanie jego za pośrednictwem wykładni, stanowi działanie następcze do przywołanej paremii, jest „niekwestionowanym składnikiem kultury prawnej, na gruncie której toczy się dyskurs związany z wykładnią operatywną”. Zbadanie problematyki w stosowaniu prawa finansowego przez jednostki samorządu terytorialnego, opartego na jego praktycznym aspekcie, stanowi de facto pole działania regionalnych izb obrachunkowych, z racji wypełniania nadzoru i kontroli, ale także z realizacji ustawowych kompetencji w przedmiocie udzielania wyjaśnień w sprawach dotyczących stosowania przepisów o finansach publicznych. Celem i zakresem publikacji jest próba uzyskania odpowiedzi na postawione w niej tezy. Dopełnienie dokonanych rozważań o poglądy doktryny stanowi analiza dotychczasowego nurtu orzeczniczego regionalnych izb obrachunkowych, sądów administracyjnych i Trybunału Konstytucyjnego. Przedstawiona publikacja stanowi próbę całościowego ujęcia zagadnienia w sposób teoretyczny i praktyczny.
Opieka formalna nad osobą starszą w ujęciu geragogiki – założenia koncepcyjne opieki wspierającej
Authors: Leszczyńska-Rejchert Anna
Published: October 2023

W dobie postępującego starzenia się społeczeństw opieka nad osobami starszymi staje się istotnym zagadnieniem gerontologicznym oraz ważnym obszarem zainteresowania nauk o wychowaniu. Kształtowanie właściwie sprawowanej opieki nad seniorami jest szczególnym wyzwaniem i zadaniem geragogiki. W artykule ukazano opiekę nad ludźmi starszymi jako przedmiot zainteresowań różnych dyscyplin naukowych, w szczególności geragogiki. Zasadniczą treść stanowi autorska koncepcja formalnej opieki wspierającej osoby starsze. W koncepcji wykorzystano założenia teorii: wsparcia społecznego, aktywności, wychowania do starości, gerotranscendencji, selektywnej optymalizacji i kompensacji. Odwołano się także do koncepcji pomyślnego i pozytywnego starzenia się. Tekst kończą wnioski i rekomendacje dla osób realizujących opiekę formalną osób starszych. Najważniejsze z nich wyrażają się w postulacie zadbania o profesjonalne przygotowanie opiekunów formalnych, którzy powinni posiadać stosowne kompetencje, obejmujące wiedzę z zakresu gerontologii, jak i umiejętności, oparte na metodycznym warsztacie pracy z osobami starszymi. Należy też wymagać, aby ich działania były zgodne z kulturą opieki nad człowiekiem starszym, zgodnie z którą – kierując się zasadą jego dobra – dąży się do zapewnienia jak najwyższej jakości życia oraz tworzy warunki do osiągnięcia dobrostanu. Opieka formalna nad ludźmi starszymi powinna być tzw. opieką wspierającą, opartą na wszystkich rodzajach wsparcia społecznego i zawierającą działania z zakresu wspomagania rozwoju.
Międzypokoleniowe uczenie się w ramach domowych środowisk czytelniczych – rola dziadków w rozwijaniu umiejętności językowych i czytelniczych dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym
Authors: Kuracki Kamil
Published: October 2023

W artykule podjęto problematykę dotyczącą znaczenia rodzin wielopokoleniowych dla funkcjonowania domowych środowisk czytelniczych, w szczególności dla rozwijania umiejętności czytelniczych i językowych dzieci w okresie średniego dzieciństwa. Przeprowadzona analiza opisowo-krytyczna literatury miała na celu znalezienie odpowiedzi na pytanie w jaki sposób dziadkowie mogą się przyczyniać do wczesnej alfabetyzacji wnuków, a także rozpoznanie teoretycznych i empirycznych przesłanek pozwalających określić możliwości wzajemnego międzypokoleniowego uczenia się dziadków i wnuków w ramach podejmowanych w środowisku domowym wspólnych aktywności czytelniczych. W tekście omówiono kolejno zagadnienia dotyczące: wybranych aspektów domowych środowisk czytelniczych, roli dziadków w rozwijaniu umiejętności poznawczych i językowych wnuków, możliwości wynikających z międzypokoleniowego uczenia się oraz korzyści z zaangażowania dziadków w wychowanie wnuków. Wskazano również implikacje dla praktyki pedagogicznej, odnoszące się m.in. do potrzeby intensyfikacji podejmowanych w ramach partnerstwa edukacyjnego działań sprzyjających rozwijaniu umiejętności językowych i czytelniczych dzieci poprzez kontakty z dziadkami. Zgromadzone w wyniku analizy polskiego i zagranicznego piśmiennictwa dane dostarczyły argumentów na rzecz potrzeby promowania działań wspierających inicjatywy międzypokoleniowego uczenia się w ramach domowych środowisk czytelniczych.
Starzejąc się z filmami – przypadek Clinta Eastwooda
Authors: Cywiński Aleksander
Published: October 2023

Starość jest jednym z głównych tematów w dyskursie dotyczącym kultury, obecnym w literaturze, sztuce i muzyce. W tym kontekście analizie poddane zostały przedstawienia starości w dziełach Clinta Eastwooda, wybitnego amerykańskiego aktora i reżysera. Filmy fabularne mają znaczący wpływ na społeczeństwo, kształtując myślenie, decyzje i zachowania ludzi. Służą promocji wartości, norm społecznych, tradycji i zwyczajów, ale także przedstawiają aktualne kwestie kulturowe, społeczne, ekonomiczne i polityczne. Filmy mogą wpływać na percepcję różnych grup społecznych, inspirować do dążenia do celów, zmiany życia lub pomocy innym. Poprzez ich analizę dostrzega się zarówno ciemne strony procesu starzenia, jak i praktyki „przeciwstarzeniowe”. Praca Eastwooda na przestrzeni ostatnich 30 lat w roli reżysera, producenta i aktora, znacznie przyczyniła się do walki z negatywnymi stereotypami związanymi z procesem starzenia. Eastwood, starzejąc się publicznie w trakcie swojej filmowej kariery, stał się nieformalnym rzecznikiem pozytywnego wizerunku starości, przedstawiając ten etap życia jako okres, do którego człowiek dąży przez całe swoje życie. Analiza opowieści zawartych w jego filmach ukazuje monumentalność procesu starzenia, niemającą odpowiednika w historii kinematografii. W filmach Eastwooda dominuje motyw walki z niesprawiedliwością świata, co zdaje się nabierać szczególnej wagi w kontekście odpowiedzialności wobec najbliższych.
Współuzależnienie i relacje zależnościowe w biograficznych doświadczeniach parentyfikacji
Authors: Chojnacka Barbara
Published: October 2023

Artykuł ma charakter koncepcyjno-badawczy. Celem naukowym było przeanalizowanie możliwości zestawienia dwóch konceptów: współuzależnienia oraz parentyfikacji w rodzinie. Przedmiotem rozważań uczyniono zatem zależnościowe mechanizmy rodzinne uruchamiane w sytuacjach problemowych i kryzysowych, a służące utrzymaniu jej funkcjonalności. Artykuł stanowi uzupełnienie dotychczasowych badań nad zjawiskiem odwracania ról w rodzinie oraz silnego ich osadzania w zależnościowych układach rodzinnych. Egzemplifikację dla czynionych tu refleksji stanowiły analizy autobiograficznych wywiadów narracyjnych zrealizowanych przy zastosowaniu techniki zaproponowanej przez Fritza Schützego. Retrospektywne i przyjmujące pespektywę całożyciową postrzeganie parentyfikacji oraz procesów rodzinnych pozwoliło na wskazanie symptomów współuzależnienia obecnych w odwróconym porządku ról rodzinnych: odpowiedzialności, zależności i przyjmowanych obowiązków. Zgodnie z adaptacyjnym modelem, także tutaj pełnią one funkcję adaptacyjną, mającą jednakże charakter dysfunkcyjny i często destrukcyjny dla samej jednostki. Teoretycznym tłem w podjętych rozważaniach uczyniono teorię systemową, która jednocześnie stała u podstaw konstruowania pojęcia „parentyfikacji”. Refleksje i końcowe wnioski prowadzą do postulatu poszerzania perspektywy rozpoznawania i analizowania doświadczeń zależnościowych w rodzinie.
HIPÓTESIS DE RECONSTRUCCIÓN DEL ANTIGUO RETABLO MAYOR DE LA PARROQUIA DEL SAGRARIO DE SEVILLA: UNA PROPUESTA PICTÓRICA RAZONADA
Authors: Romero Benítez Jesús
Published: October 2023

El origen de este trabajo no responde a una investigación de archivo, sino a la realización de una pintura al óleo que ejecuté en el año 2018. En ella pretendía proponer una hipótesis de reconstrucción del antiguo retablo mayor de la iglesia del Sagrario de Sevilla, obra de Jerónimo Balbás y Pedro Duque Cornejo, realizada entre 1706 y 1712 y destruida en 1824. Como base de información tomamos el texto sobre la iglesia del Sagrario de Juan Agustín Ceán Bermúdez, así como otras observaciones de diferentes autores posteriores. La intención primera no es otra que provocar, en quien contemple el lienzo, una sensación parecida a la que debieron sentir aquellos que durante el siglo XVIII accedían al templo sevillano.
When Sharing Economy Meets Traditional Business: Coopetition Between Ride-Sharing Platforms and Car-Rental Firms
Authors: Zhang Chenglong , Chen Jianqing , Raghunathan Srinivasan
Published: October 2023

Coopetition has been a common practice, especially among emerging markets. The coopetition relationship between a ride-sharing platform and a car-rental firm is distinct in that they operate under two different business models. Although the platform controls both its demand and supply by setting rider prices and driver wages, the car-rental firm operates under the traditional model with a fixed supply and cost structure. Both the platform and car-rental firm compete for riders seeking transportation. If the two cooperate, a driver is allowed to rent from the rental firm and drive for the platform; otherwise, only those owning personal vehicles are allowed to drive for the platform. We show that such supply-side cooperation intensifies demand-side price competition and decreases total revenue. Therefore, coopetition is mutually beneficial only when it leads to a significant decrease in supply costs. We find that the two firms are likely to form a coopetition relationship when the total rider market size is not high, the degree of rider substitutability between the two firms is low, and the platform has a significant market-size advantage over the rental firm. Coopetition between the platform and the rental firm benefits riders and hurts drivers, but it benefits society overall.
Leader Signals and “Growth Mindset”: A Natural Field Experiment in Attracting Minorities to High-Profile Positions
Authors: Flory Jeffrey A. , Leibbrandt Andreas , Rott Christina , Stoddard Olga
Published: October 2023

We conduct a large-scale natural field experiment with a Fortune 500 company to test several light-touch approaches to attract minorities to high-profile positions. A total of 5,000 prospective applicants were randomized into treatments that vary a small portion of recruiting materials. We find that self-selection at two early-career stages exhibits a substantial race gap. We then show that this gap can be strongly influenced by several treatments, with some closing the race gap and increasing application rates of minorities by 40% and others being particularly effective for minority women. These effects are not accompanied by any declines in application rates of majority group job seekers. In addition, we do not find that endorsing the “business case” for diversity reduces the race gap or raises application rates by minorities or women. The heterogeneities we find by gender, race, and career stage shed light on the underlying drivers of self-selection barriers among minorities.

This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: The authors thank the Brigham Young University College of Family, Home, and Social Science for generous research support. This research was funded in part by the Lowe Institute of Political Economy at Claremont McKenna College as well as the Australian Research Council Future Fellowship grant Nr. 190100252. Christina Rott thanks the School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, for research support through the Hermine Weijland Fellowship.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4909 .
Religion in a Global Context: the reframing of the concept during early modern globalization
Authors: Cabral Bernabé Renata
Published: October 2023

In recent decades, many scholars have questioned the use of the term “religion” to describe non-Western cultures. Many espoused the idea that the word had no accurate translation or correspondence in these contexts, and hence, it had to be invented. However, even in the West, the concept went through significant transformations throughout History. This article discusses the transformations it underwent during the early modern period when global connections were forged due to European expansion initially led by the Iberian kingdoms. Building on debates raised by the scholarship that regards religion as an invented category artificially applied to non-Western settings, but also countering its conclusions, I argue that a new understanding of “religion” developed as a result of early modern globalization and Christianity’s universal aspiration combined. Since the concept of “religion” incorporated and responded to non-European realities and traditions, it cannot be interpreted as an exclusively Western concept.
“Garotas modernas”: como as estudantes do ensino médio percebem seu papel social. Análise das revistas de escolas femininas no Chile, primeira metade do século XX
Authors: Pavez Marchant Katerinne
Published: October 2023

A publicação de revistas com notícias e literatura em instituições de ensino médio foi uma prática difundida durante a primeira metade do século XX no Chile. Este artigo procura identificar e descrever a percepção que as estudantes tinham de seu papel como mulheres educadas, por meio de seus escritos publicados nessas revistas. As jovens descreveram seu ambiente, o que pensavam sobre sua educação e sua missão como mulheres, além de ponderar os papéis tradicionais e modernos que percebiam como seus. É possível observar que as estudantes valorizam positivamente poder obter educação formal. Além disso, observa-se que sua percepção do que significa ser uma “menina moderna” implica uma possibilidade de exercer maiores liberdades, mas também incorpora uma série de deveres de acordo com os valores de seu tempo.
Mercadorias orientais na cidade da Bahia: as fazendas de Antonio Manoel de Melo e Castro (1795)
Authors: Carneiro Sousa Victória , Fagundes da Silva dos Santos Augusto
Published: October 2023

O presente artigo realiza um levantamento das mercadorias orientais existentes no inventário post-mortem de Antônio Manoel de Melo e Castro. Nascido em Goa, na Índia, esse indivíduo era filho do capitão general português Francisco de Melo e Castro e de Maria Antonia Álvares Pereira de Lacerda, que também era natural de Goa. Antônio Manoel de Melo e Castro foi Governador da Capitania de Rios de Sena entre 1780 e 1786, e depois Governador-geral de Moçambique, durante os anos de 1786 a 1793. Malgrado seus laços nas terras do Índico, foi dono de um comércio de fazendas secas com confecções têxteis, louças, joias e outros itens de luxo de origens asiáticas na Bahia, onde faleceu em 1795. O artigo discute alguns elementos da trajetória de Melo e Castro, o contexto de recrudescimento do comércio oriental na Carreira da Índia no final do século XVIII, e analisa as fazendas de seu inventário na dinâmica local, onde o consumo dessas mercadorias foi uma forma de distinção para os grupos mais abastados da cidade da Bahia no período colonial.
A Diversidade cultural nas práticas de ensino de Ciências humanas e sociais planejadas pelos futuros professores do primário
Authors: Araújo-Oliveira Anderson
Published: October 2023

O artigo propõe uma reflexão preliminar sobre a inclusão escolar, por um lado, a partir da consideração da questão da diversidade cultural no currículo da escola quebequense e, por outro lado, a partir das modalidades de tratamento didático dessa diversidade no ensino das ciências humanas e sociais no ensino primário. O objetivo aqui é estabelecer um esboço de quadro conceitual que possibilite conceber uma certa modelagem do tratamento didático da diversidade no ensino dessa disciplina. Assim, após a apresentação de um breve panorama da evolução histórica da diversidade cultural no Quebec e de sua consideração nos programas de formação da escola quebequense, o texto destaca três visões distintas do tratamento didático da diversidade no ensino das ciências humanas e sociais (a visão “é evidente”, a visão da justaposição e a visão interacionista) oriundas da análise sistemática de situações de ensino-aprendizagem desenvolvidas por futuros professores no âmbito de um curso de Didática das ciências humanas e sociais para o ensino primário.
Assessing antenatal health education given by nurse-midwives in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Irinoye Omolola O , Adesoji Bukola A , Adeaga Ayobami T , Oladimeji Temidayo Y
Published: October 2023

Background/Aims

In Nigeria, nurse-midwives provide health information and support for pregnant women, as well as treating minor pregnancy-related concerns. Little is currently documented about the contents, methods and supporting structures available for antenatal health education in Osun state. This study explored the health education provided by nurse-midwives during antenatal care, including its contents, methods and resources, as well as barriers and facilitators to its provision.

Methods

This descriptive study used a checklist and questionnaires to gather data from 189 pregnant women and 14 nurse-midwives from six selected health facilities in Ile-Ife, Osun. Univariate and bivariate analyses were used to assess sociodemographic data, the contents of antenatal care education, education methods and barriers to health education.

Results

Personal and environmental hygiene, physical activity and exclusive breastfeeding were the main topics taught, with coverage declining by trimester. Lectures followed by a question and answer session were mainly used to educate women, but flip charts, models, audio, video and multimedia were also sparingly used to facilitate learning at antenatal clinics.

Conclusions

Current health education at antenatal clinics in Ile-Ife reflects the poor periodic training given to nurse-midwives, and a lack of structure to inform the methods and contents of antenatal education. Additionally, there were few resources available to facilitate learning activities. It is recommended that national guidelines on health education are formulated and made available to facilitate unified and accurate education for pregnant women.
Midwives' attitudes to and practice of prevention of nosocomial infections in Nigeria
Authors: Maitanmi Julius Olatade , Folorunso Oluwanifemi , Adesokan Zainab Oluwatomisin , Maitanmi Bukola Titilope , Gayatri Mergy , Akingbade Oluwadamilare
Published: October 2023

Background/Aims

Nosocomial infections are transmitted in hospitals and can be air- or vector borne, through direct or indirect transmission. Medical appliances and surfaces serve as reservoirs for micro-organisms that cause nosocomial infections. This study aimed to assess midwives' attitudes and self-reported practice of nosocomial infection prevention in Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to investigate midwives' attitudes to and practice of prevention of nosocomial infections in a sample of 107 respondents. Data were collected with a structured pre-tested questionnaire. Attitude was measured using a 5-point Likert scale to rate agreement with seven statements (maximum score: 35) while practice was measured using a 4-point scale against eight statements (maximum score: 32). The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with the Chi-squared test used to assess associations between characteristics and adequacy of practice.

Results

The majority of midwives (84.1%) had a positive attitude to prevention of nosocomial infections, with a mean score of 3.42±0.16. However, 51.4% had inadequate practice of prevention, with a mean score of 3.84±3.22. A significant association was found between education and practice of nosocomial infection prevention (P<0.001), and experience and practice (P<0.001).

Conclusions

While midwives' attitudes to nosocomial infections were good, their practice was below average. This highlights the need for efforts to ensure compliance with standard precautions.
The Weighting Game
Authors: Stone Tom
Published: October 2023

How much longer will we have to wait for a world where direct enforcement with high-speed weigh-in-motion is an everyday reality? Tom Stone speaks to the experts who are getting closer to this goal and discovers other ways in which WIM is being augmented
Responsible use of parasiticides in pets
Authors: Elsheikha Hany
Published: October 2023

Parasiticides are an integral part of parasite treatment and prevention in pets. Despite their importance as life-saving medications and a major contributor to better health and quality of life, widespread and inappropriate use of parasiticides could have important consequences. Concerns over parasite control practices involving ‘blanket-treatment’ have caused key organisations to call for more responsible use of parasiticides to minimise the risk of environmental contamination and limit the development of antiparasitic drug resistance. Veterinary professionals are encouraged to follow a more targeted and individualised risk-based approach to parasite control. However, successful adoption and effective implementation of this new approach requires the veterinary profession to overcome many barriers and contextual differences in the way effective parasite control is perceived by the various stakeholders. Recently, evidence-based diagnosis (treatment based on confirmed diagnosis) together with antiparasitic drug stewardship (avoiding unnecessary antiparasitic use in pets which do not benefit from treatment) have been suggested to reconcile the trade-offs between avoiding parasiticide overuse and achieving effective parasite control. Although these new approaches cannot yet fully address the challenges of attaining optimal parasite control, they have the potential to improve the outcomes of parasite treatment and preserve the efficacy of parasiticides, the most essential component of any parasite control regimen.
The identification and management of feline conjunctivitis
Authors: Foote Amber
Published: October 2023

Feline conjunctivitis commonly presents in veterinary practice due to a variety of reasons; it can stem from a primary conjunctival disease or be secondary to an underlying extraocular, intraocular or systemic condition. Clinical signs of conjunctivitis are often non-specific and may be similar despite various aetiologies, therefore a methodical clinical examination should be followed. This article aims to explore the presentation, pathology and management options for feline conjunctivitis, whilst examining the role of registered veterinary nurses through the treatment of ocular conditions.
Regeneration of injured articular cartilage using the recombinant human amelogenin protein
Authors: Helwa-Shalom Omer , Saba Faris , Spitzer Elad , Hanhan Salem , Goren Koby , Markowitz Shany I. , Shilo Dekel , Khaimov Nissim , Gellman Yechiel N. , Deutsch Dan , Blumenfeld Anat , Nevo Hani , Haze Amir
Published: October 2023

Aims

Cartilage injuries rarely heal spontaneously and often require surgical intervention, leading to the formation of biomechanically inferior fibrous tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the possible effect of amelogenin on the healing process of a large osteochondral injury (OCI) in a rat model.

Methods

A reproducible large OCI was created in the right leg femoral trochlea of 93 rats. The OCIs were treated with 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 μg/μl recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM+) dissolved in propylene glycol alginate (PGA) carrier, or with PGA carrier alone. The degree of healing was evaluated 12 weeks after treatment by morphometric analysis and histological evaluation. Cell recruitment to the site of injury as well as the origin of the migrating cells were assessed four days after treatment with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM+ using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.

Results

A total of 12 weeks after treatment, 0.5 μg/μl rHAM+ brought about significant repair of the subchondral bone and cartilage. Increased expression of proteoglycan and type II collagen and decreased expression of type I collagen were revealed at the surface of the defect, and an elevated level of type X collagen at the newly developed tide mark region. Conversely, the control group showed osteoarthritic alterations. Recruitment of cells expressing the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers CD105 and STRO-1, from adjacent bone marrow toward the OCI, was noted four days after treatment.

Conclusion

We found that 0.5 μg/μl rHAM+ induced in vivo healing of injured articular cartilage and subchondral bone in a rat model, preventing the destructive post-traumatic osteoarthritic changes seen in control OCIs, through paracrine recruitment of cells a few days after treatment.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(10):615–623.
Kleist in Italy: An Icon of Gendered Conflicts
Authors: Giannuzzi Mariaenrica
Published: October 2023

Abstract: In this essay I analyze citational practices around Heinrich von Kleist in Italian postmodern theater and Italian feminist biopolitics. In this realm, the reference to Kleist performs a gesture of interruption of traditional eroticism (Catholic, modern, based on women’s sexual slavery), in particular, by using and rewriting Kleist’s narrative of the Amazons, the legendary tribe of women who would cut their breast to embrace the art of war. Postmodern citations of Kleist introduce a new language around sexuality instead of reenacting the ferocious narrative embedded in the ancient icon. The essay conducts a contrastive reading of two postmodern versions of the Kleistian Amazon in Italy: the first version is Lina Mangiacapre’s and Angela Putino’s philosophical conversation in “Androgina/Amazzone” as well as in Mangiacapre’s stage plays; the second version is Carmelo Bene’s cycle of performances on Achilles’s “necrophilia.” While intellectuals like Laura Mulvey in the UK and Gilles Deleuze in France tend to condemn Kleist for his necrophiliac account of romantic love, in Italy Kleist’s pessimistic image of romantic relationships offers a queer standpoint to develop a sustained critique of violent forms of desire.
Images >> Jean-Xavier Renaud
Authors: Dubreuil Laurent
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Renaud, the illuminator. Renaud, the chronicler. “JXR” is not exactly recording facts and documents, although he often paints on the basis of “found images,” taking digital photos he collects from websites as a basis for his own work. He is not an archivist either, although he uses collage and routinely incorporates pictures or logotypes into his digital drawings. The chronicling work remains. In Renaud’s oeuvre, the times are being shown in all their glorious stupidity. An optimist nevertheless, the artist exhibits through the grotesque dehiscence of the ordinary the raw nature of survival. By his alliance of artistic métier and critical force, of iconoclastic crudeness and reflection on society, of laughter and precision, Renaud’s art is undoubtedly related to that of Honoré Daumier, George Grosz, or Philip Guston. JXR has in common with all three painters that he excels at displaying the ridicule of adventitious grandeur and the vulgarity of the norm.
Destiny, Discretion, and the Demonic: On Isak Dinesen's 'Alkmene'
Authors: Paik Peter Yoonsuk
Published: October 2023

Abstract: What kind of role does fate play in a world that denies its existence? This article explores this question in relation to 'Alkmene', a tale by Isak Dinesen (Karen Blixen), which depicts the relationship between a young nobleman and the title character, an orphan who resists the Christian faith of her adoptive parents. The article examines the mysterious events that conspire to thwart the budding romance between the two. The denial of destiny draws the nobleman into the grip of a demonic silence.
Dual-mode vortex beam transmission metasurface antenna based on linear-to-circular polarization converter
Authors: Wang Ziyue , Zhou Dongfang , Liu Qikun , Yan Mengyao , Wang Xian
Published: October 2023

The generation of multi-mode vortex beams at the same aperture is currently emerging as a research hotspot. In this paper, a method based on a linearly polarized-circularly polarized translational transmission metasurface (TM) is proposed to enable a dual-circularly polarized dual-mode vortex beam generation. Through the judicious implementation of an additional rotational phase and the combination of the initial transmission phase, the phases of the left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) and right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) waves can be manipulated arbitrarily and independently. Meanwhile, the design of the array phase is utilized for the dual-mode dual-circularly polarized beam generation. Simulation and sample measurements provide validation data for the feasibility of this method, in which the measurement results are in excellent consistency with the simulation ones. This proposed method paves the way toward the enhancement of the channel capacity of mobile communication.
Direct amplification of femtosecond optical vortices in a single-crystal fiber
Authors: Zhao Yongguang , Zheng Changsheng , Du Tianyi , Zhu Lei , Wang Zhanxin , Tian Kangzhen , Yang Zhiyong , Yu Haohai , Petrov Valentin
Published: October 2023

Spatially twisted light with femtosecond temporal structure is of particular interest in strong-field physics and light-matter interactions. However, present femtosecond vortex sources exhibit limited power handling capabilities, and their amplification remains an ongoing challenge particularly for high-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) states due to several inherent technical difficulties. Here, we exploit a straightforward approach to directly amplify a femtosecond optical vortex (FOV, OAM = ‒8ħ) by using a two-stage single-crystal fiber (SCF) amplifier system without pulse stretching and compression in the time domain, delivering 23 W, 163-fs pulses at a repetition rate of 1 MHz. The spatial and temporal features are well-conserved during the amplification, as well as the high modal purity (> 96%). The results indicate that the multi-stage SCF amplifier system is particularly suited for direct amplification of high-order FOVs. The generated high-power femtosecond OAM laser beams are expected to help reveal complex physical phenomena in light-matter interactions and pave the way for practical applications in attoscience, laser plasma acceleration and high-dimension micromachining.
A qualitative evaluation of a multi-modal cancer prehabilitation programme for colorectal, head and neck and lung cancers patients
Authors: Bingham Sharon Linsey , Small Sarah , Semple Cherith Jane
Published: October 2023

Background

Growing evidence indicates patients’ survivorship outcomes can be enhanced through active engagement in a multi-modal cancer prehabilitation programme (MCPP), although this intervention is not uniformly embedded as a standard of care. MCPP aims to optimise patients physiologically and psychologically for cancer treatments, shorten recovery time, reduce complications, promote healthier lifestyles and improve quality of life. South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust (SET) developed and evaluated a system-wide collaborative approach to MMCP across three tumour groups (colorectal, lung, head and neck cancer). Addressing the lack of qualitative evaluation of MCPPs, this novel paper explores mechanisms promoting feasibility and acceptability of MCPP from patients’ and interdisciplinary professionals’ perspectives.

Methods

Semi-structured virtual one-to-one interviews were conducted with 24 interdisciplinary professionals and nine patients. Transcripts were recorded, transcribed verbatim and themes developed using Framework Analysis.

Results

Analysis of findings identified three themes providing an in-depth understanding of key elements required to develop and promote system-wide delivery of a MCPP: 1) Equipping the team: Capability and capacity, 2) Timing of intervention and delivery timeframe and 3) Systems and processes.

Conclusion

The system-wide collaborative approach to developing a MCPP was deemed both feasible and acceptable. Success was attributed to visionary leadership, alongside a diverse group of interdisciplinary professionals being engaged, motivated and committed to intervention delivery in an effort to improve patient outcomes. Iterative, responsive troubleshooting during initial delivery is required to facilitate successful implementation. Further training is required for greater adherence to provision of prescriptive high intensity exercise within the programme, which may further promote enhanced patient outcomes. To enable sustainability of MCPP, ongoing training for professionals and funding is required.