bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED ARTICLE: 8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin suppress stemness of SMMC-7721 cells induced by co-culture of liver cancer stem-like cells with hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Wen Qi , Xu Chang , Zhou Jie , Liu Nuo-Min , Cui Ying-Hong , Quan Mei-Fang , Cao Jian-Guo , Ren Kai-qun
Published: March 2019

Background

Our previous works have demonstrated that 8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin suppressed stemness of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line SMMC-7721 induced by condition medium from hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 that was activated by liver cancer stem-like cells (LCSCs). However, whether and whereby BrMC inhibits the stemness induced by co-culture of LCSCs and LX-2 cells remains to be investigated.

Methods

The second-generation spheres by sphere culture were identified and used as SMMC-7721-and MHCC97H-derived LCSLCs. SMMC-7721-and MHCC97-derived LCSCs/LX-2 cells transwell co-culture system was treated with BrMC and its lead compound chrysin. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, HGF and PDGF in condition medium from co-culture were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The stemness of SMMC-7721 cells was evaluated by sphere formation assay and western blot analysis for expression levels of cancer stem cell markers (CD133 and CD44).The expression levels of cancer-associated fibroblast markers (FAP-α and α-SMA) were employed to evaluate pathologic activation of LX-2 cells. Addition of IL-6 and/or HGF or deletion of IL-6 and/or HGF was conducted to investigate the mechanisms for BrMC and chrysin treatment in SMMC-7721-derived LCSLCs co-cultured with LX-2cells.

Results

The co-culture of LCSLCs with LX-2 cells increased sphere formation capability as well as expression of CD133 and CD44 in SMMC-7721 cells, meanwhile, upregulated expression of FAP-α in LX-2 cells. ELISA indicated that the concentrations of IL-6 and HGF were significantly elevated in Co-CM than that of condition media from co-cultured SMMC-7721 cells/LX-2 cells. Treatment of BrMC and chrysin with co-cultures of SMMC-7721- and MHCC97H-derived LCSLCs and LX-2 cells effectively inhibited the above responses. Moreover, addition of IL-6 and/or HGF induced stemness of SMMC-7721 cells and activation of LX-2 cells, conversely, deletion of IL-6 and/or HGF suppressed those. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of BrMC and chrysin on stemness of SMMC-7721 cells and activation of LX-2 cells were attenuated by addition of IL-6 or HGF, and enhanced by deletion of IL-6 or HGF.

Conclusions

Our results suggest IL-6 and HGF may be the key communication molecules for the interaction between LCSLCs and HSCs, and BrMC and chrysin could block these effects and be the novel therapeutic candidates for HCC management.
Compatibility enhancement and performance measurement for socket interface with PCIe interconnections
Authors: Shim Cheol , Shinde Rupali , Choi Min
Published: March 2019

Today the key technology of high-performance computing systems is the emergence of interconnect technology that makes multiple computers into one computer cluster. This technique is a general method in which each constituent node processes its own operation and communicates with different nodes. Therefore, a high-performance network has been required. InfiniBand and Gigabit Ethernet technologies are typical examples of high-performance network. As an alternative to those technologies the development of interconnection technology using PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express), officially abbreviated as PCIe or PCI-e, is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard, which has characteristics of high speed, low power, and high protocol efficiency is actively under development. In a high-performance network, the TCP/IP protocol consumes CPU resources and memory bandwidth by nature, which is a bottleneck. In this paper, we implement the PCIe based interconnection network system with low latency, low power, RDMA, and other characteristics. We utilize Socket API which is mainly used in the user-level application program rather than the existing MPI and PGAS model interfaces. The implemented PCIe interconnection network system was measured with the metrics as the bandwidth using the Iperf Benchmark which uses the Socket API. The bandwidth at 4 Mbyte of transmission data size was measured to be 1084 Mbyte/s bandwidth based on PCIe, which is about 96 times higher than that of 11.2 Mbyte/s bandwidth based on Ethernet.
Home treatment for acute mental healthcare: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Stulz Niklaus , Wyder Lea , Maeck Lienhard , Hilpert Matthias , Lerzer Helmut , Zander Eduard , Kawohl Wolfram , grosse Holtforth Martin , Schnyder Ulrich , Hepp Urs
Published: March 2019

Background

Home treatment has been proposed as an alternative to acute in-patient care for mentally ill patients. However, there is only moderate evidence in support of home treatment.

Aims

To test whether and to what degree home treatment services would enable a reduction (substitution) of hospital use.

Method

A total of 707 consecutively admitted adult patients with a broad spectrum of mental disorders (ICD-10: F2–F6, F8–F9, Z) experiencing crises that necessitated immediate admission to hospital, were randomly allocated to either a service model including a home treatment alternative to hospital care (experimental group) or a conventional service model that lacked a home treatment alternative to in-patient care (control group) (trial registration at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02322437).

Results

The mean number of hospital days per patient within 24 months after the index crisis necessitating hospital admission (primary outcome) was reduced by 30.4% (mean 41.3 v. 59.3, P<0.001) when a home treatment team was available (intention-to-treat analysis). Regarding secondary outcomes, average overall treatment duration (hospital days + home treatment days) per patient (mean 50.4 v. 59.3, P = 0.969) and mean number of hospital admissions per patient (mean 1.86 v. 1.93, P = 0.885) did not differ statistically significantly between the experimental and control groups within 24 months after the index crisis. There were no significant between-group differences regarding clinical and social outcomes (Health of the Nation Outcome Scales: mean 9.9 v. 9.7, P = 0.652) or patient satisfaction with care (Perception of Care questionnaire: mean 0.78 v. 0.80, P = 0.242).

Conclusions

Home treatment services can reduce hospital use among severely ill patients in acute crises and seem to result in comparable clinical/social outcomes and patient satisfaction as standard in-patient care.
Fat Oxidation Rates in Professional Soccer Players
Authors: RANDELL REBECCA K. , CARTER JAMES M. , JEUKENDRUP ASKER E. , LIZARRAGA MARIA ANTONIA , YANGUAS JAVIER I. , ROLLO IAN
Published: March 2019

Purpose

Large interindividual variation exists in maximal fat oxidation (MFO) rates and the exercise intensity at which it occurs (FATMAX). However, there are no data describing the shape of the fat oxidation curve or if individual differences exist when tested on separate occasions. Furthermore, there are limited data on fat metabolism in professional team sport athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test–retest the concavity (shape) and intercept (height) of fat oxidation curves within a group of professional soccer players.

Method

On two occasions, 16 professional male soccer players completed a graded exercise test in a fasted state (≥5 h). Rates of fat oxidation were determined using indirect calorimetry. Maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) was measured to calculate FATMAX (%V˙O2max). The shape of the fat oxidation curves were modeled on an individual basis using third-degree polynomial. Test-by-test differences, in the shape and vertical shift of the fat oxidation curves, were established to assess within-individual variability.

Results

Average absolute MFO was 0.69 ± 0.15 g·min−1(range, 0.45–0.99 g·min−1). On a group level, no significant differences were found in MFO between the two tests. No differences were found (P> 0.05) in the shape of the fat oxidation curves in 13 of 16 players (test 1 vs test 2). There were also no differences (P> 0.05) in the vertical shift of the fat oxidation curves in 10 players.

Conclusions

In general, the shape of the fat oxidation curve does not change within an individual; however, the vertical shift is more susceptible to change, which may be due to training status and body composition. Understanding a player’s metabolism may be of value to practitioners working within sport, with regard to personalizing nutrition strategies.
Testosterone and Resistance Training Improve Muscle Quality in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: HOLMAN MATTHEW E. , GORGEY ASHRAF S.
Published: March 2019

Purpose

Spinal cord injury (SCI) negatively impacts muscle quality and testosterone levels. Resistance training (RT) has been shown to increase muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) after SCI, whereas testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) has been shown to improve muscle quality in other populations. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine if the combined effects of these interventions, TRT + RT, may maximize the beneficial effects on muscle quality after SCI.

Methods

Twenty-two SCI subjects randomized into either a TRT + RT (n = 11) or TRT (n = 11) intervention for 16 wk. Muscle quality measured by peak torque (PT) at speeds of 0°·s−1 (PT-0°), 60°·s−1 (PT-60°), 90°·s−1 (PT-90°), and 180°·s−1 (PT-180°), knee extensor CSA, specific tension, and contractile speed (rise time [RTi], and half-time to relaxation [½TiR]) was assessed for each limb at baseline and postintervention using 2 × 2 mixed models.

Results

After 16 wk, subjects in the TRT + RT group increased PT-0° (48.4%, P = 0.017), knee extensor CSA (30.8%, P < 0.0001), and RTi (17.7%, P = 0.012); with no significant changes observed in the TRT group. Regardless of the intervention, changes to PT-60° (28.4%, P = 0.020), PT-90° (26.1%, P = 0.055), and PT-180° (20.6%, P = 0.09) for each group were similar.

Conclusions

The addition of mechanical stress via RT to TRT maximizes improvements to muscle quality after complete SCI when compared with TRT administered alone. Our evidence shows that this intervention increases muscle size and strength while also improving muscle contractile properties.
Comparative effectiveness of intensity modulated radiation therapy to 3-dimensional conformal radiation in locally advanced lung cancer: pathological and clinical outcomes
Authors: Appel Sarit , Bar Jair , Ben-Nun Alon , Perelman Marina , Alezra Dror , Urban Damien , Ben-Ayun Maoz , Honig Nir , Ofek Efrat , Katzman Tamar , Onn Amir , Chatterji Sumit , Dubinski Sergey , Tsvang Lev , Felder Shira , Kraitman Judith , Haisraely Ory , Rabin Alezra Tatiana , Lieberman Sivan , Marom Edith M , Golan Nir , Simansky David , Symon Zvi , Lawrence Yaacov Richard
Published: March 2019

Objective:

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has better normal-tissue sparing compared with 3-dimensional conformal radiation (3DCRT). We sought to assess the impact of radiation technique on pathological and clinical outcomes in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LANSCLC) treated with a trimodality strategy.

Methods:

Retrospective review of LANSCLC patients treated from August 2012 to August 2018 at Sheba Medical Center, Israel. The trimodality strategy consisted of concomitant chemoradiation to 60 Gray (Gy) followed by completion surgery. The planning target volume (PTV) was defined by co-registered PET/CT. Here we compare the pathological regression, surgical margin status, local control rates (LC), disease free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) between 3DCRT and IMRT.

Results:

Our cohort consisted of 74 patients with mean age 62.9 years, male in 51/74 (69%), adenocarcinoma in 46/74 (62.1%), stage 3 in 59/74 (79.7%) and chemotherapy in 72/74 (97.3%). Radiation mean dose: 59.2 Gy (SD ± 3.8). Radiation technique : 3DCRT in 51/74 (68.9%), IMRT in 23/74 (31%). Other variables were similar between groups.Major pathological response (including pathological complete response or less than 10% residual tumor cells) was similar: 32/51 (62.7%) in 3DCRT and 15/23 (65.2%) in IMRT, p=0.83. Pathological complete response (pCR) rates were similar: 17/51 (33.3%) in 3DCRT and 8/23 (34.8%) in IMRT, p=0.9. Surgical margins were negative in 46/51 (90.1%) in 3DCRT vs. 17/19 (89.4%) in IMRT (p=1.0).The 2-year LC rates were 81.6% (95% CI 69-89.4%); DFS 58.3% (95% CI 45.5-69%) and 3-year OS 70% (95% CI57-80%). Comparing radiation techniques, there were no significant differences in LC (p=0.94), DFS (p=0.33) and OS (p=0.72).

Conclusion:

When used to treat LANSCLC in the neoadjuvant setting, both IMRT and 3DCRT produce comparable pathological and clinical outcomes.

Advances in knowledge:

This study validates the real-world effectiveness of IMRT compared to 3DCRT.
CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PECULIARITIES OF COMORBID OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME AND ASTHMA
Authors: Шелудько Елизавета , Shelud'ko Elizaveta , Наумов Денис , Naumov Denis , Приходько Анна , Prikhodko Anna , Колосов Виктор , Kolosov Viktor
Published: March 2019

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a pathogenetically heterogeneous condition that aggravates the course of asthma. For this reason, timely diagnosis and treatment of OSAS may improve asthma control, reduce the number of exacerbations and the frequency of short-acting bronchodilators use. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical and functional features of patients with asthma and OSAS, and to identify risk factors that allow suspecting the comorbidity. A total of 194 patients with asthma were examined. The research methods included assessment of symptoms using the ACT questionnaire, spirometry with bronchoprovocational tests, body plethysmography and determination of lung diffusion capacity, analysis of the cellular composition of induced sputum, echocardiography, overnight cardiorespiratory monitoring. According to the results of cardio-respiratory monitoring OSAS of varying severity was detected in 33% of patients (n=65). Epworth sleepiness scale did not allow specific discrimination of OSAS among the examined patients. In general, patients with the comorbid pathologies were more often men of older age groups, they had a long history of disease and smoking. In patients with OSAS diabetes and cardiovascular diseases were more common in the structure of concomitant pathology. The presence of OSAS did not significantly affect spirometry but was associated with a pronounced airway hyperresponsiveness regardless of the provocative stimulus. In addition, a higher airway resistance and an increase in lung diffusion capacity were noted in OSAS patients. Neutrophilic phenotype of inflammation was three times more common in case of concomitant OSAS, and signs of cardiac remodeling and an increase in pulmonary artery pressure were also observed in these patients. Thus, knowledge of the above features of asthma-OSAS phenotype will facilitate timely diagnosis and optimal therapeutic care for patients with a combination of pathologies.
English: electricity and electrical engineering
Authors: Новикова Анжелика , Novikova Anzhelika
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the textbook is to familiarize students with the vocabulary in the specialty (electricity and electrical technology) on the basis of the average degree complexity of texts, the translation skills development, abstracting and annotating, activation and accumulation of terminological lexicon.
Presented texts for reading, exercises and creative tasks contribute to the formation of communicative, professionally-oriented competencies. As a result of the material mastering the student will: know • lexical units of general and terminological; able • to read wiring diagrams; • use electrical tools in the work; master • the skills of oral and written professional communication.
The textbook is intended for undergraduate training direction 13.03.02 "Power and Electrical Engineering." It can be used to organize individual and group work, as well as reference material. The textbook consists of four parts.
The first part presents the tasks in the texts form, combining with a common theme, exercises series aimed at the assimilation of terminological vocabulary and develop oral statements skills.
In the second part are suggested additional reading texts with different complexity levels; the texts are necessary comments and there is a glossary.
The third part introduces the students with professional work tools and their purpose; this part is provided with a glossary and verification tasks.
The fourth part there is a voluminous dictionary of phrases and expressions used in the electrical engineering.
A Case Study: Rome's Orchestra di Piazza Vittorio and the Social Function of Music
Authors: Gammaitoni Milena
Published: March 2019

The research presented here is based on studies of the sociology of music, as well as on analyses of the dynamics of immigration. This explored some of the social dynamics and actions of a multi-ethnic orchestra founded and operating in Rome. The purpose of the study was to examine this orchestra as an example of good practice regarding intercultural integration and was the criterion by which we chose to analyse the Orchestra di Piazza Vittorio, founded in 2002 by Mario Tronco in one of Rome’s central multi-ethnic districts, the Esquiline. The question posed here is whether the creation of a multi-ethnic orchestra can act as an alternative model which, by means of the socialisation process, redefines and rediscovers the age-old relational and integrating functions of music, availing of the collective memory, identity, heritage and varieties of music, without forfeiting its own identity.
The Decay of American Culture? Pitirim Sorokin's View on the Relevance of the Sex Revolution
Authors: Sarnacki Andrzej
Published: March 2019

The undeniable shift in American culture over last decades, regarding the values and self-identity of its citizens, has been a subject of extensive inquiries. While there have been studies of many problematic developments, such as the erosion of social capital or the rise of narcissism, not much attention has been dedicated to the meta-perspective of the ongoing transformation and self-destructive mechanisms of modern social and cultural agendas. Pitirim Sorokin has pointed out the importance of a dominant attitude towards sex, which virtually predestines the future of a given society. Conservative in its outlook, his view is worth taking into consideration, especially due to its references to the historical data of past civilizations. This perspective is especially relevant for the modern cultural and scientific paradigm, which regards contestation of sexual expansion as unjustified and even illegitimate. Sorokin’s perspective on “sexual anarchy” might prove to be a valid one in regard to Western civilization.
A Assistência Psicológica a Crianças em Unidades Básicas de Saúde
Authors: Alves Carolina Martins Pereira , Serralha Conceição Aparecida
Published: March 2019

A presente pesquisa objetivou conhecer a realidade do acompanhamento psicológico a crianças em UBS do município de Uberaba-MG. Participaram do estudo 15 psicólogos, que atuam nessa rede. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados receberam tratamento qualitativo mediante Análise de Conteúdo temática, complementada por uma análise da enunciação. Os resultados mostraram que o atendimento às demandas de saúde mental de crianças é realizado por apenas sete psicólogos, dentre os 15 entrevistados, e quando ocorre, é de forma majoritariamente individual. Foi possível levantar as dificuldades na realização deste acompanhamento relacionadas principalmente à falta de recursos, à fragilidade de apoio da gestão e à formação do profissional, além de levantar as possibilidades de atuação em meio a essas dificuldades. Constatou-se que, para a produção de ações coletivas e integradas, o psicólogo deve ter uma atuação generalista, destacando-se a importância de se repensar a formação profissional em Psicologia.
A lógica do fantasma na passagem da modernidade à contemporaneidade
Authors: Oliveira Flavia Lana Garcia de , Santos Tania Coelho dos
Published: March 2019

A clínica contemporânea nos confronta com sujeitos sujeitados a imposições maciças do gozo. As fixações pulsionais comparecem, muitas vezes, livres do ocultamento fantasmático no inconsciente. Prevalece um tipo de laço com o Outro que remonta às modalidades mais arcaicas de relação do eu com o objeto. Diante deste cenário, interrogamos qual seria o estatuto do fantasma hoje. Nosso fio condutor será a hipótese de um rebaixamento da eficácia simbólica da autoridade paterna em conter o egoísmo pulsional que se manifesta na radicalização dos apelos ao gozo ilimitado. A gramática fantasmática é um anteparo simbólico-imaginário que permite interpretar a posição libidinal de cada um diante do real do desejo do Outro. O desmentido da função do pai como agente da castração, engendra um sujeito voraz, cuja debilidade do eu resulta em alterações psicóticas do caráter.
Eva Borwowska de Mikusinski, H. J. Eysenck y los estudios científicos de la personalidad en Argentina
Authors: Piñeda María Andrea
Published: March 2019

O texto apresenta uma abordagem policêntrica relativa a uma história local sobre Eva Borkowska de Mikusinski.Polonesa que migrou para a Argentina após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, tornou-se uma das primeiras psicólogas graduadas na região. Algumas de suas motivações são exploradas ao mostrar certos dilemas entre sua vida familiar e profissional.Descrevem-se as circunstâncias em que conheceu H. J. Eysenck, explicando como esse fato a levou a novos projetos que propiciaram uma mudança histórica a sua comunidade acadêmica. Sua pesquisa científica sobre as motivações do comportamento humano permitiu que se tornasse uma referência local pioneira no modelo de Eysenck, no qual ela baseou o treinamento de psicólogos e um programa de pesquisa, apesar da cultura hegemônica psicanalítica. As condições da universidade argentina e do sistema científico são descritas, com o objetivo de explicar, por um lado, como elas permitiram que ela desenvolvesse sua profissão, mas também como, por outro lado, inibiram o escopo e incidência de seu trabalho.
EXPEDIENTE - v18n3
Authors: Tsallis Alexandra Cleopatre , Jacó Vilela Ana Maria , Mendes Deise Maria Fernandes , Quadros Laura Cristina de Toledo , Darriba Vinicius Anciães
Published: March 2019

EXPEDIENTE - v18n3
Ser enfermeira intensivista: elementos identitários presentes no campo das representações sociais
Authors: Silva Rafael Celestino da , Ferreira Márcia De Assunção , Apostolidis Thémis
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: identificar os aspectos identitários presentes nas representações sociais de enfermeiras sobre as práticas de cuidar do cliente hospitalizado na terapia intensiva. Método: estudo de campo, qualitativo, descritivo-explicativo, apoiado na teoria das representações sociais e no conceito de identidade social. Após aprovação do projeto pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, realizaram-se entrevistas com 21 enfermeiros atuantes na assistência de uma unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital federal no ano de 2011, com uso de um roteiro semiestruturado de questões, cujos dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: evidenciam-se aspectos de identificação social e valorização do endogrupo, e de comparação social e estereotipização do exogrupo, quais sejam: os modos de usar as tecnologias, o delineamento da figura típica do paciente, bem como os atributos do enfermeiro ideal, o sentido do trabalho, o relacionamento intra e interequipes. Conclusão: recomenda-se reorganizar o campo da representação social a partir de intervenções sob elementos da identidade.
Representações Sociais da Biossegurança no Contexto do HIV/Aids: Contribuições para Saúde do Trabalhador
Authors: Pontes Ana Paula Munhen de , Oliveira Denize Cristina de , Nogueira Virginia Paiva Figueiredo , Machado Yndira Yta
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: analisar as representações sociais de biossegurança construídas pelos enfermeiros que atuam com pacientes soropositivos ao HIV. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, fundamentada na Teoria das Representações Sociais, realizada em oito instituições de saúde do Município do Rio de Janeiro, com 19 enfermeiras. Os dados foram analisados com o software ALCESTE 4.10.  Resultados: na análise originaram-se duas temáticas: o desenvolvimento da biossegurança em HIV/AIDS na vida pessoal; e a biossegurança em HIV/AIDS e a execução do cuidado de enfermagem. Identificou-se que a autoproteção é um dos elementos fundamentais que constitui a representação social das enfermeiras sobre biossegurança, assumindo as facetas da autoproteção na vida profissional e na vida pessoal. O uso de luvas de procedimento é caracterizado como a principal medida de precaução no trabalho. Conclusão: destaca-se a influência exercida pela representação social do HIV/Aids nas ações de autoproteção desenvolvidas por estas enfermeiras.
Uji Asumsi Proportional Hazard pada Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Waktu Tahan Hidup Pasien Kanker Paru
Authors: Aditya Elnatan Dimas , Handajani Sri Sulistijowati , Setiyowati Ririn
Published: March 2019

Lung cancer is the disease that its death risk always increase, because of that the survival time of its patient is interesting to be researched. One of the method that can be used to research survival time of lung cancer patient is Cox regression. It has an assumption that called proportional hazard assumption. Proportional hazard assumption can be tested by graph method that is log-log graph, but the result is only used as temporary suspicion. For a better result, the goodness of fit test can be used by calculate the correlation between rank of survival time and schoenfeld residual. The result is age variabel doesn’t satisfy proportional hazard assumption.

 
Keywords : cox regression; proportional hazard assumption; log-log graph; goodness of fit test.
Screening of crows and waterfowls for Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes infection
Authors: Fadel Hanaa Mohamed , Ahmed Amira
Published: March 2019

Background and Aim: Wild birds can carry a number of potential human and animal pathogens. These birds can intrude into human habitats giving the opportunity to transmission of such infection. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the role of crows and waterfowls as vectors of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes and to compare cultivation methods with direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of infection. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 fecal dropping samples were collected. Salmonella was cultivated by three step method (Universal Pre-enrichment Broth [UPB], Rappaport-Vassiliadis Broth, and Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate agar). The recovered isolates were characterized by biotyping, serotyping, and PCR detection of enterotoxin (stn) gene. The antibiogram pattern of isolates against a panel of 8 antibiotics was recorded. L. monocytogenes was cultivated on UPB, then on Listeria Oxford Agar and Listeria CHROMagar. The recovered isolates were characterized by biotyping and PCR detection of listeriolysin (hylA) gene. Results: The percentages of Salmonella infection in crows and waterfowls were 10 and 20, respectively. The most frequently recovered serovars were Typhimurium, Potengi, Enteritidis, and Kentucky. Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis of Salmonella isolates showed that the resistance rates for gentamicin were the highest (92%), followed by amoxicillin (88%) and cefixime (60%). Resistance to 8 antibiotics was recorded in 60% (15/25) of Salmonella isolates. The percentages of L. monocytogenes infection in crows and waterfowls were 1.3 and 2, respectively. Direct PCR applied to UPB revealed that 12% and 3% of samples were positive for Salmonella and L. monocytogenes, respectively, and there was no significant difference between direct PCR and cultivation method for the detection of infection. Conclusion: The present findings indicate that wild birds can harbor zoonotic enteric pathogens and this necessitates monitoring the epidemiologic status of these pathogens among wild birds and humans and applying the appropriate intervention measures to prevent the spread of infection.
Controle estatístico de processo paramétrico e não paramétrico em uma indústria de laticínios
Authors: Ribeiro Luiz Henrique Marra da Silva , Araújo Tatiane Gomes de , Ferreira Eric Batista , Zamboni Jovelino Elias
Published: March 2019

O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores mundiais de leite bovino, sendo que grande parte é destinada para fabricação de queijos. Para que a indústria queijei ra se mantenha, o leite, sua principal matéria-prima, deve ser de qualidade. Sendo a qualidade do leite avaliada por diversas variáveis em fluxo contínuo, o controle estatístico de processo (CEP) pode ser uma ferramenta para monitorá-la. Neste trabalho foram utilizadas cartas de controle paramétricas e não paramétricas para verificar se o processo de recebimento de leite em uma queijaria da cidade de São Luís de Montes Belos, Goiás, estava sob controle estatístico. Foram verificadas normalidade e simetria dos dados, e como esperado, o CEP paramétrico se mostrou aparentemente mais poderoso. Os autores sugerem a utilização de CEP como ferramenta para assegurar a qualidade de laticínios, mas sempre verificando se as pressuposições de cada metodologia são atendidas. Em específico, se verificada normalidade, as cartas paramétricas são mais poderosas e por isso, são aconselhadas.
Sex and revolution: Programme of feminist and sexed/gendered political memories at CeDInCI
Authors: Cordero Laura Fernández
Published: March 2019

The aim of this article is to present the programme of Feminist and Sexed-Gendered Political Memories, known also by the name Sex and Revolution (Sexo y Revolución). This programme is part of the Centre for Documentation and Research on Leftist Culture (Centro de Documentación e Investigación de la Cultura de Izquierdas or CeDInCI for its acronym in Spanish). CeDInCI is a documentation centre (library, newspaper collection and archive) located in Buenos Aires (Argentina) and devoted to the preservation, conservation, cataloguing and dissemination of political and cultural productions of Latin American lefts from its beginnings, in the second half of the 19th century, up to the present day. The programme has many objectives: to create visibility for the materials that CeDInCI has available for public consultation; to attract donations; to establish and consolidate cooperation relationships with other existing or potential archives that are especially devoted to political feminist and sexed-gendered memories; to develop the study of and debates about the relationship between women’s movements, feminist and sexed-gendered groups and the wide spectrum of left movements; and to become a concrete working space for critical thought on feminist and sexed-gendered memories, as well as a key promoter of activities connected with these areas of interest.
Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime: Are New Institutions Needed?
Authors: SAYGIN Hasan , UZUN Özüm Sezin
Published: March 2019

The existence of nuclear weapons, including the increasing of tactical nuclear weapons, is the major causeof a current nuclear threat at both the international and regional levels. In addition to the continuationof political and military motivations of states to acquire nuclear weapons, the institutional challengesof nuclear nonproliferation do also complicate this current problem. Even though the political andmilitary motivations of states to acquire nuclear weapons are examined by the vast amount of studies,the effectiveness of international nuclear regime is rarely analyzed. Regarding the continuation ofnuclear energy importance and the dual nature of nuclear technology, the necessity for reliable andeffective institutions to prevent proliferation of nuclear weapons became more apparent. Therefore, thisarticle aims to shed light on the ineffectiveness of the current international nuclear regime and the needfor new institutional mechanism. This article analyzed the effectiveness of international nuclear regimemeasuring its capability of problem-solving, reducing nuclear motivations of states, providing legalframework and verification process, and creating and consolidating normative principles. While thenuclear regime could partly be seen as effective regarding the low number of current nuclear weaponstates than the expected numbers in 1960s, it faces with serious challenges in solving the nuclearproblem. One of the challenges emerges because of the lack of universal acceptance of the internationaltreaties and organizations. The regime has also not effectively addressed to reduce the nuclearmotivations of states. Even though it has provided legal framework and verifying process, there are stilldifficulties to detect nuclear activities for military purposes. Lastly, the regime has effectively createdthe non-use and deterrence norms, while failed to create and consolidate the nonproliferation norm,based on total elimination of nuclear weapons. In fact, this article argues that the current institutional mechanism should be revised considering the causes of threats; furthermore, new mechanisms shouldbe established in order to meet the newly emerged challenges in the post-Cold War era. In that respect,this article firstly analyzes the ineffectiveness of current international nuclear regime in order todemonstrate the urgent need for a paradigm shift. Then, it suggests a new multilateral mechanism, asan attempt to contribute to create a discussion platform for alternative institutional mechanisms.
Deparliamentarization in Turkey: A Major Decline in the Scrutiny Function
Authors: KABASAKAL Mehmet
Published: March 2019

In parliamentary democracies, governments are formed through parliamentary elections, and both thecabinet and budget must receive the confidence of the legislature. The “golden age”, when parliamentsmake laws without any pressure from the executives and have strong control over cabinets, ended by20th century. For the last few decades, however, legislative studies have been pointing to a shift in thebalance of power from the legislative to the executive branch in many countries. The declining powerof parliaments is explained by many factors. Scholars who studied “declining parliaments” generallyagree on the commonly accepted contributing factors for deparliamentarization. These factors are“constitutional arrangements, increasing global regulations, the complexity of issues and technicalfocusin policy making, disciplinary party structures, the lack of intra-party democracy, the dominationof parties by their leaders, and electoral systems.” Although a trend of deparliamentarization has beennoted, mainly in parliamentary democracies, the decline of parliaments has not been as glaring andforbidding everywhere. Thus, the variation, especially among similar democratic systems, calls fora closer analysis of country cases. This study examines Turkey, and discusses the changes regardingthe power balance between the executive and legislative branches of government by identifying thepattern of changes in constitutions and country’s electoral system, and party structures which tendto stress party discipline and maintain leaders’ control. The paper analyzes the politics of Turkeybetween 1946 and 2014 especially by focusing on the AKP rule after 2002. The power shift in Turkeyhas been from parliamentary supremacy to a very strong executive, and deparliamentarization hasbeen particularly rapid and profound since the 1980s,. In 2017, a change in the constitution allowed atransition to a presidential system and the new system is legalized by the constitutional amendments.The paper concludes with the analysis that there is a significant decline in the power of the parliamentin Turkey, after 1980s, mainly in its scrutiny function. The longitudinal study of changes shows thatdeparliamentarization, or the increase in the power of the executive, was caused by multiple domesticand international factors that occurred simultaneously and reinforced each other’s impact. Thesignificant difference of Turkey from the other world cases are rapid constitutional changes, increasingleader authority within the parties, and existence of dominant party system in Turkey since 15 years.
Türk Yerel Yönetim Sisteminde “Yeni Büyükşehir” Uygulamasının Kapatılan Bir Belde Belediyesi Üzerinden Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YILMAZ Onur Kemal
Published: March 2019

Türkiye’de yerel yönetimler alanında çok önemli bir düzenleme 2012 yılında 6360 sayılı Kanun ilehayata geçirilmiş; yeni büyükşehir uygulaması artık Türk yerel yönetim sisteminin en öne çıkan özelliğiolmuştur. Düzenleme kapsamında ilk olarak büyükşehir belediyeleri kendi illerinin mülki sınırlarınakadar sorumlu olmuşlardır. İkinci olarak büyükşehir idaresi bulunan illerde mevcut olan beldebelediyeleri ve köy idareleri kapatılarak, en yakın ilçeye bağlı mahalle konumuna getirilmişlerdir. Üçüncüolarak da büyükşehir bulunan illerde il özel idareleri kapatılmıştır. Böylece yeni büyükşehir sistemiylebirlikte büyükşehir idaresi bulunan illerde en önemli hizmet yüklenicisi kurum, tüm il geneline hizmetgötürecek olan büyükşehir belediyeleri olmuştur. 2014 yerel yönetim seçimleriyle uygulamaya giren budüzenlemenin üzerinden yaklaşık beş yıl (bir seçim dönemi) geçmiştir. Dolayısıyla bu zaman dilimi,yapılan yeni düzenlemenin irdelenmesi için gerekli olan verileri bizlere sağlamaktadır. Bu kapsamdayeni büyükşehir uygulamasının kapatılan bir belde belediyesi üzerinden incelenmesi konunun dahasomut ve ölçülebilir olmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında amaçlanan, kapatılan Altınolukbelde belediyesi üzerinden konunun değerlendirilmesidir. Öncelikle konunun temellerini açıklamakiçin Türkiye’de yeni büyükşehir sisteminin teorik altyapısı açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra BalıkesirBüyükşehir Belediyesi ve Edremit Belediyesi yetkilileriyle, ayrıca Altınoluk’ta görev yapan muhtarlarlamülakat tekniğine dayalı görüşmeler yapılarak, yeni büyükşehir sisteminin Altınoluk’a olan yansımalarıtespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada ikinci olarak anket yöntemi kullanılmış, Altınoluk halkınınyeni büyükşehir uygulamasına yönelik görüşleri öğrenilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında son olarak gözlemyöntemi kullanılmış, yeni büyükşehir uygulamasına göre Altınoluk’a Balıkesir ve Edremit Belediyeleritarafından yapılan yatırımlar sahada gözlemlenmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalar neticesinde Balıkesir veEdremit Belediyelerinin yetkilileriyle yapılan görüşmede, yeni büyükşehir sistemiyle küçük yerleşimyerlerinin daha büyük ölçekli ve kaliteli hizmet aldığı; dolayısıyla yeni büyükşehir sisteminin Türk yerel yönetim sistemi için önemli bir fayda sağladığı dile getirilmiştir. Altınoluk halkı ile yapılan anketsonucunda belde belediyesinin kapatılmasına önemli oranda karşı çıkıldığı görülmüştür. Sahadayapılan gözlemlerde ise, Balıkesir ve Edremit Belediyeleri tarafından Altınoluk’a bir hizmet dönemindegeniş çaplı yatırımlar yapıldığı dikkat çekmiştir.
Dağıtımdan Tanınmaya Toplumsal Adaletin Anlamı
Authors: GÖK Alihan
Published: March 2019

Modern koşullar altında biçimlenen toplumsal adalet toplumsal kaynakların dağıtımını, normatifilkelere dayanan ideal bir kurumsal ve siyasi yapı içinde ele alır. Böyle bir yapıda devletin rolü mevcuteşitsizlikleri, dağıtımcı bir adalet anlayışı çerçevesinde düzenlemektir. John Rawls’un liberal eşitlikçibir perspektiften ortaya koyduğu kuramı, bu çağdaş adalet anlayışının en olgun ifadesi sayılır. Öteyandan modern toplumsal koşulların sadece kaynakların dağıtımı üzerinde değil, tüm topluma yayılanözneler-arası ilişkiler üzerinde de önemli etkileri vardır. Axel Honneth’in toplumsal patolojiler olarakadlandırdığı bu olumsuz etkiler, toplumsal adaletin sınırlarının dağıtımdan daha öteye, tanınmamücadelelerine doğru genişletilmesi gerektiğini işaret eder. Adaletin kapsamını sorgulamamızaizin veren bu yaklaşım, onu yalnızca kuramsal bir tartışmanın konusu olarak değil, adaletsizlikdeneyimlerinden yola çıkarak sürekli yeniden tanımlanan bir kavram olarak ele alır. Çağdaş toplumsalhareketler nezdinde tanınma mücadeleleri olarak karşımıza çıkan ahlaki taleplerin toplumsal adaletingeleneksel çerçevesini zorlaması, adil bir toplum fikrinin, sınırlı dağıtımcı perspektifin ötesindearanması gerektiğini gösterir. Tanınma taleplerinin ötesinde ortak bir “toplumsal adalet mücadelesi”oluşturmak ise ancak tekil adaletsizlik deneyimleri arasında pratikte olduğu gibi kuramsal düzlemdede bağ kurabilmekle mümkündür
Farklı Gelir Gruplarının Konut Satın Alabilirliğinde Bölgesel Farklılıkların İncelenmesi
Authors: ALKAY Elif , ÖVENÇ Gökhan
Published: March 2019

2000’li yılların ilk yarısından itibaren merkez ekonomi politikalarına paralel olarak inşaat sektöründeözellikle de konut inşaat sektörü hacminde kayda değer artış sağlanmıştır. Bu artışta ekonomipolitikalarının yanı sıra planlama mevzuatı ile Toplu Konut Kanunu’nda yapılan yasal düzenlemelerönemli paya sahiptir. Tüm bu yeniden yapılanma ve düzenleme sürecinde konut piyasasının hedefindeorta ve üst gelir grupları vardır. Konut edinelebilirliği olanaklı kılmak amacıyla yapılan ve MortgageYasası olarak bilinen finansal düzenleme de orta ve üst gelir gruplarına odaklanmaktadır. Sunununpiyasa konutları ile sınırlı olduğu bu ortamda, dar gelir gruplarının piyasa konutu edinebilmek için,yasanın belirlediği koşullarda, kredi alma ve kullanma olanakları neredeyse imkân dışıdır. Dar gelirgruplarının yeni konut sunusu içinden konut edinebilirliği, sunu miktarındaki ve çeşitliliğindekidikkate değer artışa rağmen, hala önemli bir problemdir. Oysa temel olarak, yeni konut sunusunadönük politikaların hem toplumun tüm farklı gelir gruplarının finansal olarak erişebileceği hemde sosyal çeşitlilik, kentin sunduğu iş, eğitim ve kentsel hizmetlere erişimde sosyal adaleti sağlayanyapıda olması hedeflenmelidir. Bu çalışmada, 2000’li yılların ilk yarısından itibaren yeniden şekillenenkonut piyasasında, %20’lik gelir dilimlerine mensup hane halklarının yeni konut sunusu içinden 100m2 standart kabul edilen bir konutu satın alınabilirlik düzeyleri ve bunun yıllar içinde nasıl değiştiğikonut satınalınabilirlik indeksi ile ortaya konmuştur. Elde edilebilir veriye bağlı olarak, indeks 2006-2014 yılları arasını kapsamaktadır ve indeks değerleri beş ayrı NUTS1 bölgesi için hesaplanmıştır.Indeks değerleri, belirtilen varsayımlar altında, artan konut sunusuna rağmen, dar gelir gruplarınıngereksinimleri doğrultusunda mevcut finansal araçları kullanarak yeni konut sunusu içinden standartbir konutu satın alabilirliklerinin olanaklı olmadığını göstermiştir. Beş farklı NUTS1 bölgesi indeksdeğerleri yeni konut sunusundan konut satınalabilirlik düzeylerinin bölgelere göre değiştiğini degöstermektedir. Ayrıca, nüfus hareketlerinin daha etkili olduğu, dolayısıyla konut talebinin dahayüksek olduğu bölgelerde, indeks değerlerinin dar gelirliler aleyhine olması, bu konuda geliştirilecekpolitikalarda mekansal önceliklerin olduğunu ve politika kurgusunda yerel özelliklerin ihmedilmemesi gereğini ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle, dar gelir gruplarının yeni konut sunusu içinden kendileri için uygun ve yaşanabilir konutlara erişebilirliği, mekansal farklılıklar, yerel özellikler, değişenkonut fiyatı ve gelir düzeyine odaklanılarak planlama ve konut politikaları bağlamında tartışılmalıdır.
“The Final Push Against the Eternal Enemy” The Serbian Preparations for the First Balkan War
Authors: SARENAC Danilo
Published: March 2019

The Ottoman Empire played an important role in the formation of the Serbian nationalism. It wasperceived as an archenemy that had to be pushed away from the Balkans. The paper explores theSerbian preparations for the potential conflict with the Ottoman Empire at the end of the XIX century.From 1878 to1912 Serbian state invested huge resources in its military in order to be prepared forexploiting any favorable opportunity for penetrating into the “Serbian historical lands” –Kosovo andMacedonia. Apart from the army, the preparatory work encompassed all the aspects of social lifesuch as education, art or public discourse. Decades of meticulous work brought results in Octoberof 1912 when Serbia’s citizens responded in formidable numbers to the mobilization call. However,Serbian war preparations were too focused on defeating the Ottoman troops which was linked withtroublesome history of the Serb-Turkish relations during the entire XIX century. Problems of postwarorganization of the new territories were hardly tackled in detail. Moreover, the Serbian national projectwas too narrow for encompassing diverse ethnical and religious communities which lived in the formerOttoman possessions in the Balkans.
Myocardial dysfunction in relation to serum thiamine levels in children with diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Mohamed Ragaa Abd-Elsalam , Abu Farag Ibrahim Mohamed , Elhady Marwa , Ibrahim Radwa Saeed
Published: March 2019

Background

Thiamine deficiency is commonly reported in patients with diabetes especially during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) that could attribute to myocardial dysfunction in those patients. However, there is limited data regarding its relation to myocardial function among those patients. This study aimed to explore the association between myocardial function and serum thiamine levels in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods

This cross-sectional comparative study included 25 patients with DKA. Clinical data assessment, echocardiographic examination and measurement of serum high-sensitive troponin T (hs-cTnT) and thiamine levels were done. We also assessed the association between troponin levels, echocardiographic ventricular systolic and diastolic function and serum thiamine.

Results

Twenty-four percent of children with DKA had thiamine deficiency. DKA children with thiamine deficiency had significant acidosis and higher serum troponin levels and significant impairment of diastolic function than those without thiamine deficiency. The serum thiamine level had a significant positive correlation with the echocardiographic indices of diastolic function but negative correlation with troponin levels.

Conclusions

Thiamine deficiency is a common finding during the treatment of children with DKA, and this deficiency may be associated with myocardial dysfunction.
Net Neutrality Regulation: Much Ado about Nothing?
Authors: Vogelsang Ingo
Published: March 2019

The economics literature on Net Neutrality (NN) has been largely critical of NN regulation on the basis of theoretical findings that NN violations can be both welfare improving and welfare deteriorating, depending on the circumstances of the case in question. Thus, an ex post competition policy approach would be preferable to a strict ex ante prohibition of NN violations. In contrast, the current paper argues that NN regulation is largely ineffective, in particular, when it comes to the prohibition of fast lanes and other quality of service (QoS) differentiations, and to a lesser extent, when it comes to the zero price rule. NN regulation is only effective in preventing the blocking of specific content and in preventing the favoring of ISP owned content and in preventing some price discriminations. These are also areas where NN regulations are more likely to be welfare-enhancing. Where they are ineffective, NN regulations are likely to create inefficiencies through the cost and allocative inefficiencies caused by NN bypass. The paper ends with a call for theoretical and empirical economic analyses of NN circumvention techniques.