bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability of ordered and disordered phases in the Heisenberg-Kitaev model in a magnetic field
Authors: Cônsoli Pedro M , Andrade Eric C
Published: March 2022

The S = 1/2 Kitaev honeycomb model has attracted significant attention as an exactly solvable example with a quantum spin liquid ground state. In an properly oriented external magnetic field, the system exhibits chiral Majorana edge modes with an associated quantized thermal Hall conductance, and a distinct spin-disordered phase emerges at intermediate field strengths, below the polarized phase. However, since material realizations of Kitaev magnetism invariably display competing exchange interactions, the stability of these exotic phases with respect to additional couplings is a key issue. Here, we report a 24-site exact diagonalization study of the Heisenberg-Kitaev model in a magnetic field applied in the [001] and [111] directions. By mapping the full phase diagram of the model and contrasting the results to recent nonlinear spin-wave calculations, we show that both methods agree well, thus establishing that quantum corrections substantially modify the classical phase diagram. Furthermore, we find that, in a [111] field, the intermediate-field spin-disordered phase is remarkably stable to Heisenberg interactions and may potentially end in a novel quantum tricritical point.
Impurity-Robust Bulk Gapless Excitation in the Yb-Based Zigzag Chain Compound YbCuS2
Authors: Hori Fumiya , Kinjo Katsuki , Kitagawa Shunksaku , Ishida Kenji , Ohmagari Yudai , Onimaru Takahiro
Published: March 2022

We have performed 63Cu-nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) measurements using a lump sample of the Yb zigzag-chain compound YbCuS2 with a small surface area to investigate the sample dependence of low-temperature magnetic properties in YbCuS2 by comparing with the previous study with different powdered sample. The line width of NQR signals in the present lump sample is larger than that in the previous powdered sample. In addition, the transition temperature T
N ∼ 0.92 K in the present lump sample is lower than that in the previous powdered sample (∼ 0.95 K). These results suggest that the quality of the present lump sample is worse than that of the previous powdered sample. However, the T-linear behavior of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T1 was observed below 0.5 K and the value of 1/T
1
T in both samples is almost the same even though the sample quality and sample geometry are different. This suggests that T-linear behavior in 1/T
1 arises from the impurity-robust bulk gapless excitation inherent in YbCuS2 rather than from sample issues such as the sample quality or geometry.
Discord effects of inter-cluster interactions on a cluster-based Haldane state in a triangular spin tube
Authors: Sugimoto Takanori , Tohyama Takami
Published: March 2022

We have recently proposed a new concept of cluster-based Haldane states supported by an inherent chirality in a triangular spin tube with equivalent inter-cluster interactions. In this state, there appear spin-1/2 degrees of freedom consisting of a real spin and a scalar chirality as edge states. With applying a magnetic field, we can observe approximately a half of magnetization of S = 1/2 spin, i.e., a quarter spin magnetization, due to symmetrization of the real spin and the chirality. Here, we consider effects of discord between two types of inter-cluster interactions, inducing anisotropic biquadratic interactions of effective S = 1 spins. The discord brings the edge magnetization nearer to an exact value of quarter spin magnetization, whereas localization of the edge states becomes worse. These effects are also confirmed in a corresponding spin-1 model.
Correlations among Tc, A, and Γ
ο within FL region of T-p phase diagram of heavy-Fermion superconductors
Authors: ElMassalami M. , Castro P. B. , Silva Neto M.B.
Published: March 2022

Extensively reported experimental observations indicate that on varying a control parameter, such as pressure p, within the phase diagram of most quantum critical heavy fermion HF superconductors, one identifies a cascade of distinct electronic states which may be magnetic, of Kondo-type, non-conventional superconducting, Fermi Liquid, FL, or non-FL character. Of particular interest is the part of the phase diagram wherein superconductivity emerges from a strongly renormalized FL state. This region resembles the overdoped region of the T-doping phase diagram of cuprate superconductors. Remarkably, within this highly nontrivial region, one identifies a universal correlation among Tc and

A:
In

T
c

θ

∝

A

−

1
2

(θ is a characteristic energy scale and A is the coefficient of T
2 resistivity term). Commonly, these features are considered to be driven by a Spin-Fluctuation-mediated electron-electron scattering channel. On adopting such a channel and applying standard theories of Migdal-Eliashberg (superconductivity) and Boltzmann (transport), we derive analytic expressions that satisfactorily reproduce the aforementioned empirical correlations.
High-field magnetization and magnetoresistance of the honeycomb Kondo lattice alloys Ce(Pt1-x
Pd
x
)6Al3
Authors: Oishi R. , Miyake A. , Tokunaga M. , Shimura Y. , Umeo K. , Onimaru T. , Takabatake T.
Published: March 2022

CePt6Al3 is a rare example of the Ce-based honeycomb lattice compound. Substitution of the isovalent Pt for Pd transforms the ground state from a paramagnetic heavy-fermion state to an antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordered state. To gain insight into the role of magnetic frustration in the honeycomb Kondo lattice, we have measured the magnetization M(B) and electrical resistivity ρ(B) of Ce(Pt1-x
Pd
x
)6Al3 (x ≤ 0.3) in pulsed magnetic fields up to 60 T. For the single crystal with x = 0, M(B) for B along the easy c axis exhibits a metamagnetic increase and ρ(B || c) bends at Bm = 28 T. Taking the temperature at a shoulder in the magnetic susceptibility χ
(ल) for B ‖ c as T

χm = 17 K, the ratio
μB
B
m/K
B
T

>χm is estimated to be 1.1. This value agrees with those reported for Ce-based paramagnetic heavy-fermion compounds with similar magnitudes of B
m. With increasing x from 0 to 0.3 in polycrystalline samples, the magnitude of M(B = 60 T) at 1.4 K increases from 0.75 to 2.0
μβ/Ce, indicating the recovery of localized 4f moments by the Pd substitution for Pt. Using the data of M(B) and ρ(B) for x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, we constructed B-T phase diagrams, which show a trend from a small moment AFM ordered state for x = 0.1 to a large moment AFM ordered state for x = 0.3.
Low-temperature physical properties of a new cubic compound CeMgZn2
Authors: Matsuoka E , Yoshimoto T , Sugawara H , Sakurai T , Ohta H
Published: March 2022

Magnetic and transport properties of a new cubic compound CeMgZn2 have been examined by measuring the magnetic susceptibility, the magnetization, the electrical resistivity, and the specific heat. CeMgZn2 is a Kondo-lattice compound with trivalent Ce ions. The magnetic susceptibility measured at 0.1 T exhibits a shoulder and a cusp at T
N1 = 5.4 K and T
N2 = 3.1 K, respectively. T
N1 and T
N2 correspond to the antiferromagnetic-transition temperatures since these temperatures decrease with increasing magnetic field. The large value of the paramagnetic Curie temperature divided by T
N1 (13.5) implies that T
N1 is suppressed by geometrical frustration on a face-centered cubic Ce sublattice. The geometrical frustration may also be responsible for the appearance of many magnetic phases in magnetic fields.
Low-temperature physical properties of a new orthorhombic compound Ce2Ir3Sb4
Authors: Komoda T , Matsuoka E , Sugawara H , Sakurai T , Ohta H
Published: March 2022

We have synthesized polycrystalline samples of a new orthorhombic compound Ce2lr3Sb4 and investigated their physical properties by measuring the magnetization, the electrical resistivity, and the specific heat down to 0.4 K. From the results of electrical resistivity measurements, it was found that Ce2Ir3Sb4 is a Kondo lattice compound. We found that Ce2Ir3Sb4 does not show any phase transition down to 0.4 K. The specific heat peak at 1.3 K is not due to a phase transition but due to the Schottky specific heat caused by the crystalline electric field splitting of the 4f level of Ce ions.
Possible routes for the synthesis of nanowires of intermetallic compounds: The case of CeIn3
Authors: Carvalho M. H. , Freitas G. S. , Souza J. C. , Campanelli R. B. , Pizzi H. B. , Mercena S. G. , Puydinger dos Santos M.V. , Béron F. , Rosa P. F. S. , Pirota K.R. , Pagliuso P. G.
Published: March 2022

In this work, we investigated the role of different parameters in the synthesis of intermetallic nanowires of CeIn3 by the metallic-flux nanonucleation (MFNN) method such as template pore diameter, crystallization temperature, heat treatment temperature, and synthesis time. Depending on the growing parameters, we obtained CeIn3 nanowires (d ∼ 350 nm) or CeAlO3 nanotubes. For the nanowires, we observed a suppression of the CeIn3 antiferromagnetic transition from the bulk TN ∼ 10 K to the nanowire system TN ∼ 3 K, which may be associated with the dimensionality affecting the interplay between magnetic exchange interactions, crystalline electrical field, and Kondo effects. We assume that the CeAlO3 nanotubes may result from a reaction with the alumina template and consequent rare-earth oxidation. Our work shows that even it is a great challenge to find the correct growth path of a particular intermetallic compound, the MFNN method can be a promising route to obtain rare-earth based nanowires.
Effect of 3p- and 5d-electron doping on the Kondo Semiconductor CeFe2Al10
Authors: Tripathi Rajesh , Adroja D T , Lees M R , Anand V K , Sundaresan A , Langridge S , Bhattacharyya A , Muro Y , Hayashi K , Takabatake T
Published: March 2022

We examined the effect of 3p- and 5d-electron doping on the Kondo semiconductor CeFe2Al10 by means of the electrical resistivity (ρ), magnetic susceptibility (χ), and specific heat (C) measurements. The results show that in the 3p-electron-doped system CeFe2Al10−y
Si
y
, the semiconducting behavior is suppressed for y = 0.05, and the system adopts a metallic ground state with an increase in the density of states at the Fermi level. The Si substitution leads to a large decrease in the paramagnetic Weiss temperature θP
indicating a reduction in c-f hybridization strength, however the Si does not induce magnetic order up to y = 0.3 down to 2K. The systematic changes in ρ(T), χ(T), and C(T) are similar to those for 5d-electron doped system CeFe2−x
Ir
x
Al10, although, Ir substitution induces a bulk antiferromagnetic transition below 3.1 K in CeFe1.7Ir0.3Al10. These changes can be explained by the collapse of the hybridization gap due to the suppression of the c-f hybridization effect. Our results further confirm that the collapse of the spin/charge gap by an excess electron doping is one of the universal features of the Kondo semiconductors CeT
2Al10 (T = Fe, Ru, and Os).
Electronic structure of a Kondo lattice system CeCuAs2
Authors: Datta Sawani , Pandeya Ram Prakash , Dey Arka Bikash , Schlueter Christoph , Gloskovskii Andrei , Peixoto Thiago , Thamizhavel Arumugam , Maiti Kalobaran
Published: March 2022

We study the electronic properties of a Ce-based Kondo material, CeCuAs2 employing high-resolution hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The measurements were done with different photon energies to probe the surface-bulk differences of the electronic structure. Experimental results show significant difference in the hybridization physics for the surface and bulk electronic structures indicating different Ce valency at the surface compared to the bulk. Surface termination appears to play an important role in the correlation physics of this system. In addition, the experimental spectra show loss features due to plasmon excitations. These results bring out complexity of this novel Kondo lattice system that does not show magnetic order down to the lowest temperature studied and have significantly different surface-bulk properties.
Inelastic neutron scattering study of crystalline electric field excitations in a cubic compound PrMgNi4
Authors: Kusanose Y. , Onimaru T. , Yamane Y. , Umeo K. , Takabatake T. , Guidi T. , Le D. , Adroja D.T.
Published: March 2022

We performed inelastic neutron scattering experiments on PrMgNi4 with the cubic MgSnCu4-type structure. The magnetic excitations were observed at 1.1, 2.5, 5.9, 10.7, and 11.7 meV. Since the energy of the excitations is constant for |
Q
| < 5 Å−1, they are ascribed to the crystalline electric field (CEF) excitations of the Pr3+ ions. We adopted CEF parameters of W = −3.3 K and x = 0.8 for the cubic T
d point group to reproduce the strong excitations at 1.1, 10.7, and 11.7 meV. The calculated CEF level scheme reveals the Γ3 doublet ground state with the quadrupolar degrees of freedom and the excited states of Γ4 triplet (1.4 meV), Γ1 singlet (3.4 meV), and Γ5 triplet (13.5 meV). This scheme, however, does not explain the observed two excitations at 2.5 and 5.9 meV. These additional excitations may arise from splitting of the doublet by symmetry lowering due to excess Mg atoms occupying the Pr sites. This splitting is probably responsible for the absence of the long-range quadrupole order in PrMgNi4.
Magnetic structure of an antiferromagnet NdRh2Zn20 investigated by powder neutron diffraction
Authors: Yamamoto R. , Shimura Y. , Umeo K. , Takabatake T. , Damay F. , Mignot J.-M. , Onimaru T.
Published: March 2022

Powder neutron diffraction measurements were carried out to investigate the magnetic structure of the antiferromagnet NdRh2Zn20. The magnetic reflections observed for T ≤ 1.0 K are indexed by the propagation vector of k = (1/2, 1/2, 1/2). From the analysis of the intensity of magnetic reflections, a magnetic structure described by the Γ6 representation is proposed. The magnetic moments are parallel to the

[
11

2
¯

]

or

[

1
¯

10
]

direction and stacked with a sequence of up-up-down-down along the [111] direction.
DFT+U study on the multipolar nematic state of nonmagnetic FeSe
Authors: Yamada Takemi , Tohyama Takami
Published: March 2022

In this study, we investigate the electronic structure of FeSe in the normal and nematic states based on the DFT+U method in combination with the multipole analyses, and discuss their microscopic properties and origin. In the normal state, the topological change of the Fermi surface occurs before the nematic transition with increasing the on-site Coulomb interaction U. The resulting nematic ground state is a multipolar state having both hexadecapoles in the E-representation and multipoles in the B
2-representation on each Fe site, where the appearance of the E-type multipoles induces non-trivial spontaneous orbital hybridizations between dxy, dx2-y2

and dxz
/dyz
orbitals. Such the spontaneous orbital mixings due to E-type multipoles is inherent in the FeSe and related systems, and is expected to play an important role in the formation of the nematic states in other iron-based superconductors.
Charge and crystal field electronic states in CeRh2Si2 and Ba2IrO4
Authors: Radwanski R. J. , Nalecz D. M. , Ropka Z.
Published: March 2022

We point out the scientific importance of the increasing evidence for the existence of the discrete low-energy meV-energy states in compounds containing atoms with incomplete 4f, 5f, 3d shells and recently in iridates (5d shell). We point out that the realized charge state of the 3d/4f/5f/4d/5d atoms/ions in oxides is very close to the formal one obtained within the ionic model. In Ba2IrO4 the charge states are very close to Ba2+, Ir4+ and O2−. In CeRh2Si2, which is intermetallic and considered as a Kondo-lattice antiferromagnet, by detailed analysis of temperature dependence of the specific heat we have proved the realization of the trivalent charge state of practically all cerium ions. In the magnetic state, below TN
of 36 K, the Kramers doublet becomes split and there appears a spin gap growing to 6 meV at T = 0 K.
The correlation between magnetic interactions and lattice distortions in Pr and Eu substituted NdCrO3
Authors: Gupta Pragya , Pal D.
Published: March 2022

The study reveals the comparison of Nd0.9Pr0.1CrO3 and Nd0.9Eu0.1CrO3 samples where the A-site is doped by Pr3+ having the larger ionic radius (1.126 A°) corresponding to less chemical pressure and Eu3+ (1.066 A°) having the smaller ionic radius corresponding to enhanced chemical pressure exerted on the NdCrO3, with the help of X-ray diffraction, Raman spetroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and dc magnetization measurements. The different spin configuration Pr3+ (J = 4) and Eu3+ (J = 0) altering the strong coupling between Nd3+ (J = 9/2) and Cr3+ (S = 3/2) spins result in the variation of the optical band gap, fermi energy and exchange bias.
Electrical conductivity in helical and conical magnetic states
Authors: Okumura Shun , Morimoto Takahiro , Kato Yasuyuki , Motome Yukitoshi
Published: March 2022

We theoretically study the electrical conductivity in a one-dimensional helimagnet whose spin texture changes from helimagnetic to conical magnetic, and to forced ferromagnetic state while increasing the magnetic field along the helical axis. We find that the conductivity in the helimagnetic state at zero field depends on the electron filling and the coefficient of the spin-charge coupling. We also find that the conductivity in the conical magnetic state changes nonlinearly to the applied field, and the magnetoresistance becomes negative and positive depending on the model parameters.
Phase shift, ellipticity, angle, and topological number in skyrmion lattices
Authors: Shimizu Kotaro , Okumura Shun , Kato Yasuyuki , Motome Yukitoshi
Published: March 2022

We theoretically study skyrmion lattices realized in a Kondo lattice model on a triangular lattice, focusing on the phase, ellipticity, and angle of the constituent multiple-Q waves. Analyzing the numerical data obtained in the previous study [Ozawa R, Hayami S and Motome Y 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 147205], we extract these parameters for the two types of skyrmion lattices with the skyrmion number of 1 and 2. We show that the topological transition between the two skyrmion lattices driven by an external magnetic field is accompanied by significant modulations of all three parameters.
Machine learning for track reconstruction at the LHC
Authors: Gagnon L.-G.
Published: March 2022

The planned upgrade of the LHC to its High-Luminosity counterpart (HL-LHC) circa 2027 will bring about a drastic increase in instantaneous luminosity, pileup, and trigger rates. Currently, most LHC experiments use Kalman filter based track reconstruction algorithms which exhibit outstanding physics performance but scale poorly with the amount of data produced per bunch crossing. Therefore, the high energy physics community is currently performing intensive R&D to commission new or improved algorithms for this crucial data reconstruction task. This article presents many approaches such as running existing Kalman filter algorithms on accelerated hardware and overhauling the current approaches with machine learning techniques. A new algorithm testbed for research in track reconstruction, ACTS, is also discussed.
Sea ice-free corridors for large swell to reach Antarctic ice shelves
Authors: Teder N J , Bennetts L G , Reid P A , Massom R A
Published: March 2022

Sea ice can attenuate Southern Ocean swell before it reaches Antarctic ice shelves and imposes flexural stresses, which promote calving of outer ice-shelf margins and influence ice shelf stability. An algorithm is developed to identify sea ice-free corridors that connect the open Southern Ocean to Antarctic ice shelves from daily satellite sea ice concentration data between September 1979 and August 2019. Large swell in the corridors available to impact the ice shelves is extracted from spectral wave model hindcast data. For a selection of ice shelves around the Antarctic coastline, corridors are assessed in terms of duration and areal extent. The availability of large swell to impact certain ice shelves through the corridors is evaluated from spectral wave data for daily statistical properties and the number of large swell days per year. Results integrated over a large number of ice shelves are used to assess overall trends. Large variations are found between individual ice shelves for both corridors and available swell, with contrasting trends between the West and East Antarctic Ice Sheet. The findings indicate ice shelves likely to experience prolonged periods of appreciable outer margin flexure due to large swell action, such as the Fimbul, Shackleton and Ross Ice Shelves, which could exacerbate climate-driven weakening and decreasing buttressing capacity, with implications for sea-level rise.
The effects of climate change mitigation strategies on the energy system of Africa and its associated water footprint
Authors: Pappis Ioannis , Sridharan Vignesh , Howells Mark , Medarac Hrvoje , Kougias Ioannis , Sánchez Rocío González , Shivakumar Abhishek , Usher Will
Published: March 2022

Africa’s economic and population growth prospects are likely to increase energy and water demands. This quantitative study shows that energy decarbonisation pathways reduce water withdrawals (WWs) and water consumption (WC) relative to the baseline scenario. However, the more aggressive decarbonisation pathway (1.5 °C) leads to higher overall WWs than the 2.0 °C scenario but lower WC levels by 2065. By 2065, investments in low-carbon energy infrastructure increase annual WWs from 1% (52 bcm) in the 2.0 °C to 2% (85 bcm) in the 1.5 °C scenarios of total renewable water resources in Africa compared to 3% (159 bcm) in the baseline scenario with lower final energy demands in the mitigation scenarios. WC decreases from 1.2 bcm in the 2.0 °C to 1 bcm in the 1.5 °C scenario, compared to 2.2 bcm in the baseline scenario by 2065, due to the lower water intensity of the low-carbon energy systems. To meet the 1.5 °C pathway, the energy sector requires a higher WW than the 2.0 °C scenario, both in total and per unit of final energy. Overall, these findings demonstrate the crucial role of integrated water-energy planning, and the need for joined-up carbon policy and water resources management for the continent to achieve climate-compatible growth.
Specifying geospatial data product characteristics for forest and fuel management applications
Authors: Meddens Arjan J H , Steen-Adams Michelle M , Hudak Andrew T , Mauro Francisco , Byassee Paige M , Strunk Jacob
Published: March 2022

One of the greatest challenges for land managers is to maintain a multitude of ecosystem services while reducing hazards posed by wildfires, insect outbreaks, and other disturbances accelerating due to climate change. In response to limited available resources and improved technical abilities, natural resource managers are increasingly using geospatial data to plan and evaluate their management actions. Large amounts of public resources are invested in research and development to improve geospatial datasets, yet there is limited knowledge about the specific data types and data characteristics that clients (e.g. land managers) prefer. Our overall objective was to investigate what geospatial data characteristics are preferred by natural resource professionals to monitor and manage forests and fuels across large landscapes. We performed an online survey and collected supplemental data at a subsequent workshop during the 2020 Operational Lidar Inventory meeting to investigate preferred data use and data characteristics of data users of the Pacific Northwest. Our online survey was completed by 69 respondents represented by managers and natural resource professionals from tribal/state, federal, academic, and industry/consulting entities. We found that metrics related to species composition, total biomass/timber volume, and vegetation height were the most preferred attributes, yet preference differed slightly by employment type. From the workshop we found that metric preferences depend upon which management priorities are central to the management application. There was preference for data with Landsat pixel-level (30 m) spatial resolution, annual temporal resolution, and at regional spatial extents. To maintain viable ecosystem services in the long term, it is important to understand the metrics and their data characteristics that are most useful. We conclude that our study is a useful way to understand (a) how to improve the data utility for the users (clients) and (b) the development and investment needs for the data developers and funders.
Time-resolved reversible optical switching of the ultralow-loss phase change material Sb2Se3
Authors: Lawson Daniel , Hewak Daniel W , Muskens Otto L , Zeimpekis Ioannis
Published: March 2022

The antimony-based chalcogenide Sb2Se3 is a rapidly emerging material for photonic phase change applications owing to its ultra-low optical losses at telecommunication wavelengths in both crystalline and amorphous phases. Here, we investigate the dynamical response of these materials from nanoseconds to milliseconds under optical pumping conditions. We apply bichromatic pump-probe transient reflectance spectroscopy which is a widely used method to study the optical performance of optical phase change materials during phase transitions induced by direct pulsed optical switching. Amorphous regions of several hundreds of nanometers in diameter are induced by pulsed excitation of the material using a wavelength of 488 nm above the absorption edge, while the transient reflectance is probed using a continuous wave 980 nm laser, well below the absorption edge of the material. We find vitrification dynamics in the nanosecond range and observe crystallization on millisecond time scales. These results show a large five-orders of magnitude difference in time scales between crystallization and vitrification dynamics in this material. The insights provided in this work are fundamental for the optimisation of the material family and its employment in photonic applications.
Copper and nickel co-doping effects on the structural, optical and electrical properties of tungsten trioxide nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation technique
Authors: Lachore Wegene Lema , Hone Fekadu Gashaw , Andoshe Dinsefa Mensur , Tegegne Newayemedhin A , Mekonnen Mulualem Abebe
Published: March 2022

The pristine WO3 (tungsten trioxide) and Cu/Ni Co-doped WO3 nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation synthesis methods with fixed wt.% of nickel, i.e., 5 wt.%, and different wt.% of copper, i.e., 2, 3, 5 wt.%. The structural, optical and electrical properties, as well as the surface morphology were investigated thoroughly by various characterization techniques. All the doped/co-doped and un-doped samples had an orthorhombic structure, according to the XRD measurements. The XRD results further confirmed that the average crystalline size ranged from 46 to 25 nm after the dopant concentration was introduced. Reflectance spectroscopy was used to investigate the optical properties of the prepared nanomaterials and revealed that the optical band gap varied from 2.80 to 2.63 eV with dopant concentrations. The room temperature photoluminescence study showed that the emission peaks were observed in the visible region with slight peak shift towards short wavelength with dopant concentrations. The FTIR studies described the different mode of band related to a functional groups present in the materials and the stretching mode of O–W–W observed from 550 to 1050 cm−1. The I-V studies confirmed that the prepared samples had a good ohmic contact behavior and the resistivity decreased from 6.3 × 10−3Ω.cm to 0.63 × 10−3 Ω.cm with doping concentrations.
Weak hypergraph regularity and applications to geometric Ramsey theory
Authors: Lyall Neil , Magyar Ákos
Published: March 2022

Let

Δ
=

Δ
1

×
…
×

Δ
d

⊆

R

n

\Delta =\Delta _1\times \ldots \times \Delta _d\subseteq \mathbb {R}^n

, where

R

n

=

R

n
1

×
⋯
×

R

n
d

\mathbb {R}^n=\mathbb {R}^{n_1}\times \cdots \times \mathbb {R}^{n_d}

with each

Δ
i

⊆

R

n
i

\Delta _i\subseteq \mathbb {R}^{n_i}

a non-degenerate simplex of

n
i

n_i

points. We prove that any set

S
⊆

R

n

S\subseteq \mathbb {R}^n

, with

n
=

n
1

+
⋯
+

n
d

n=n_1+\cdots +n_d

of positive upper Banach density necessarily contains an isometric copy of all sufficiently large dilates of the configuration

Δ
\Delta

. In particular any such set

S
⊆

R

2
d

S\subseteq \mathbb {R}^{2d}

contains a

d
d

-dimensional cube of side length

λ
\lambda

, for all

λ
≥

λ
0

(
S
)

\lambda \geq \lambda _0(S)

. We also prove analogous results with the underlying space being the integer lattice. The proof is based on a weak hypergraph regularity lemma and an associated counting lemma developed in the context of Euclidean spaces and the integer lattice.
The Legendre-Hardy inequality on bounded domains
Authors: Byeon Jaeyoung , Jin Sangdon
Published: March 2022

There have been numerous studies on Hardy’s inequality on a bounded domain, which holds for functions vanishing on the boundary. On the other hand, the classical Legendre differential equation defined in an interval can be regarded as a Neumann version of the Hardy inequality with subcritical weight functions. In this paper we study a Neumann version of the Hardy inequality on a bounded

C
2

C^2

-domain in

R

n

\mathbb {R}^n

of the following form
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="integral Underscript normal upper Omega Endscripts d Superscript beta Baseline left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis StartAbsoluteValue nabla u left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis EndAbsoluteValue squared d x greater-than-or-equal-to upper C left-parenthesis alpha comma beta right-parenthesis integral Underscript normal upper Omega Endscripts StartFraction StartAbsoluteValue u left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis EndAbsoluteValue squared Over d Superscript alpha Baseline left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis EndFraction d x with integral Underscript normal upper Omega Endscripts StartFraction u left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis Over d Superscript alpha Baseline left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis EndFraction d x equals 0 comma">

∫
Ω

d

β

(
x
)

|

∇
u
(
x
)

|

2

d
x
≥
C
(
α
,
β
)

∫
Ω

|

u
(
x
)

|

2

d

α

(
x
)

d
x

 with 

∫
Ω

u
(
x
)

d

α

(
x
)

d
x
=
0
,

\begin{equation*} \int _\Omega d^{\beta }(x) |\nabla u(x) |^2 dx \ge C(\alpha ,\beta ) \int _\Omega \frac {|u(x)|^2}{d^{\alpha }(x)} dx \quad \text { with }\quad \int _\Omega \frac {u(x)}{d^{\alpha }(x)} dx=0, \end{equation*}

where

d
(
x
)

d(x)

is the distance from

x
∈
Ω

x \in \Omega

to the boundary

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

and

α
,
β
∈

R

\alpha ,\beta \in \mathbb {R}

. We classify all

(
α
,
β
)
∈

R

2

(\alpha ,\beta ) \in \mathbb {R}^2

for which

C
(
α
,
β
)
>
0

C(\alpha ,\beta ) > 0

. Then, we study whether an optimal constant

C
(
α
,
β
)

C(\alpha ,\beta )

is attained or not. Our study on

C
(
α
,
β
)

C(\alpha ,\beta )

for general

(
α
,
β
)
∈

R

2

(\alpha ,\beta ) \in \mathbb {R}^2

shows that the (classical) Hardy inequality can be regarded as a special case of the Neumann version.
Stable maps, Q-operators and category 𝒪
Authors: Hernandez David
Published: March 2022

Motivated by Maulik-Okounkov stable maps associated to quiver varieties, we define and construct algebraic stable maps on tensor products of representations in the category

O

\mathcal {O}

of the Borel subalgebra of an arbitrary untwisted quantum affine algebra. Our representation-theoretical construction is based on the study of the action of Cartan-Drinfeld subalgebras. We prove the algebraic stable maps are invertible and depend rationally on the spectral parameter. As an application, we obtain new

R
R

-matrices in the category

O

\mathcal {O}

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Phylogenetic profiling and cellular analyses of ARL16 reveal roles in traffic of IFT140 and INPP5E
Authors: Dewees Skylar I. , Vargová Romana , Hardin Katherine R. , Turn Rachel E. , Devi Saroja , Linnert Joshua , Wolfrum Uwe , Caspary Tamara , Eliáš Marek , Kahn Richard A.
Published: March 2022

Phylogenetic analyses of ARF family GTPases predict that ARL16 is linked to cilia. This was confirmed using mouse embryonic fibroblasts deleted for ARL16, resulting in defects in Golgi-to-cilium traffic, with accumulation of IFT140 and INPP5E at Golgi.
Country Music and the Problem of Authenticity
Authors: Malone Evan
Published: March 2022

In the small but growing literature on the philosophy of country music, the question of how we ought to understand the genre’s notion of authenticity has emerged as one of the central questions. Many country music scholars argue that authenticity claims track attributions of cultural standing or artistic self-expression. However, careful attention to the history of the genre reveals that these claims are simply factually wrong. On the basis of this, we have grounds for dismissing these attributions. Here, I argue for an alternative model of authenticity in which we take claims about the relative authenticity of country music to be evidence of ‘country’ being a dual-character concept in the same way that it has been suggested of punk rock and hip-hop. Authentic country music is country music that embodies the core value commitments of the genre. These values form the basis of country artists’ and audiences’ practical identities. Part of country music’s aesthetic practice is that audiences reconnect with, reify, and revise this common practical identity through identification with artists and works that manifest these values. We should then think of authenticity discourse within country music as a kind of game within the genre’s practice of shaping and maintaining this practical identity.
Inspiratory muscle training in addition to whole body vibration for functional and physical outcomes in pre-frail older women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: de Souza Helga Cecília Muniz , Pessoa Maíra Florentino , dos Santos Clemente Rafaela , da Silva Alanna Vasconcelos , de Andrade Erika Alves Marinho , Neves Patrícia Areias Feitosa , Fernandes Juliana , Dornelas de Andrade Arméle
Published: March 2022

Background

to investigate the efficacy of addition of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) to the whole body vibration (WBV) on functional outcomes, physical performance, muscle strength and metabolism in pre-frail older women.

Methods

this study was a randomized double-blind trial. Forty-two older women aged 60–80 years who meet the Cardiovascular Health Study frailty criteria for pre-frailty were randomly allocated to IMT + WBV, IMTsham + WBV or Sham groups. IMT + WBV group received 12 weeks of both trainings, whereas IMTsham + WVB received 12 weeks of WBV alone. Sham group received 12 weeks of IMT with a low fixed load and were positioned at the vibratory platform without therapeutic effect. Participants were evaluated before and after the intervention for the following outcomes: 6-min walk test distance (6MWD), balance using Tinetti test, functional mobility using timed up and go test (TUG), handgrip strength (HGS) and peripheral muscle metabolism (glucose and lactate levels).

Results

after the training, both groups IMT + WBV and IMTsham + WBV improved 6MWD [mean percentage changes = 20.31 (SD = 14.62) and 13.02 (SD = 12.14), respectively] compared with Sham [0.27 (SD = 6.51)], P <0.01. There was also a significant decrease of mean percentage changes on time of the TUG for IMT + WBV [−21.87 (SD = 7.87)] and IMTsham + WBV [−11.15 (SD = 13.64)] compared with Sham [−4.25 (SD = 13.25)], P <0.01. IMT + WBV group improved balance when compared with IMTsham + WBV and Sham groups (P <0.05 and < 0.01, respectively). HGS and levels of lactate and glucose were similar between groups.

Conclusions

the addition of IMT to the WBV was effective to improve functionality, balance and physical performance in pre-frail older women.
What Makes an Ideal Partner? African Libraries and Neoliberal Discourses in International Development
Authors: Lynch Renee , Young Jason C , Jowaisas Chris , Boakye-Achampong Stanley , Sam Joel
Published: March 2022

This study investigates ‘partnership’ as a key discursive tool for extending neoliberalism in the field of international development. As a case study, it examines the language-in-use among development organizations when discussing public libraries as potential partners in Africa. Critical discourse analysis of 20 interviews with development practitioners via Fairclough’s three-part framework and keyword analysis illuminates how libraries are discursively constructed as partners. Findings reveal discourses centered around competition, visibility, and growth which uphold market logic and responsibilize potential partners, reproducing colonial power imbalances between Global North and South. As other institutions such as universities and NGOs grapple with similar dynamics, we must be attendant to the power asymmetries that are obscured by discourses of partnership in order to navigate the tension between increasing access to funding and advancing economic justice. We suggest measures for organizations to resist neoliberalism through self-conscious effort and investment toward more equitable partnerships.
Intelligible Beauty
Authors: Shelley James
Published: March 2022

Arthur Danto argued from the premiss that artworks are essentially cognitive to the conclusion that they are incidentally aesthetic. I wonder why Danto, and the very many of us he persuaded, came to believe that the cognitive and the aesthetic oppose one another. I argue, contrary to Danto’s historical claims, that the cognitive and the aesthetic did not come into opposition until the late nineteenth or early twentieth century, and that they were brought into opposition for reasons of art-critical expediency rather than philosophical necessity. I conclude that a robustly cognitive notion of the aesthetic remains an option for us.
OMAMO: orthology-based alternative model organism selection
Authors: Nicheperovich Alina , Altenhoff Adrian M , Dessimoz Christophe , Majidian Sina
Published: March 2022

The conservation of pathways and genes across species has allowed scientists to use non-human model organisms to gain a deeper understanding of human biology. However, the use of traditional model systems such as mice, rats and zebrafish is costly, time-consuming and increasingly raises ethical concerns, which highlights the need to search for less complex model organisms. Existing tools only focus on the few well-studied model systems, most of which are complex animals. To address these issues, we have developed Orthologous Matrix and Alternative Model Organism (OMAMO), a software and a web service that provides the user with the best non-complex organism for research into a biological process of interest based on orthologous relationships between human and the species. The outputs provided by OMAMO were supported by a systematic literature review.

Availability and implementation

https://omabrowser.org/omamo/, https://github.com/DessimozLab/omamo.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Modeling functional difference between gyri and sulci within intrinsic connectivity networks
Authors: Wang Qiyu , Zhao Shijie , He Zhibin , Zhang Shu , Jiang Xi , Zhang Tuo , Liu Tianming , Liu Cirong , Han Junwei
Published: March 2022

Recently, the functional roles of the human cortical folding patterns have attracted increasing interest in the neuroimaging community. However, most existing studies have focused on the gyro-sulcal functional relationship on a whole-brain scale but possibly overlooked the localized and subtle functional differences of brain networks. Actually, accumulating evidences suggest that functional brain networks are the basic unit to realize the brain function; thus, the functional relationships between gyri and sulci still need to be further explored within different functional brain networks. Inspired by these evidences, we proposed a novel intrinsic connectivity network (ICN)-guided pooling-trimmed convolutional neural network (I-ptFCN) to revisit the functional difference between gyri and sulci. By testing the proposed model on the task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets of the Human Connectome Project, we found that the classification accuracy of gyral and sulcal fMRI signals varied significantly for different ICNs, indicating functional heterogeneity of cortical folding patterns in different brain networks. The heterogeneity may be contributed by sulci, as only sulcal signals show heterogeneous frequency features across different ICNs, whereas the frequency features of gyri are homogeneous. These results offer novel insights into the functional difference between gyri and sulci and enlighten the functional roles of cortical folding patterns.
Distinct neurocognitive mechanisms underlying learning and representations of symbols of life and death
Authors: Gao Tianyu , Han Shihui
Published: March 2022

Life and death are 2 fundamental concepts regarding existence of organisms. People often signify these concepts using symbols to facilitate communications, but how the brain learns and represents these symbols remains unclear. In the present study, we quantified behavioral and brain responses during learning associations between words (“life” or “death”) with shapes as concrete referents. Behavioral responses to word-shape pairs showed an affirmative response bias to life-shape pairs but a denial response bias to death-shape pairs. Multimodal brain imaging results revealed that the right frontal and dorsal cingulate cortices monitored these response biases, respectively. Moreover, relative to unlearned shapes, life-related shapes induced increased alpha (9–14 Hz) oscillations in the right parietal cortex and precuneus, whereas death-related shapes enhanced beta (15–30 Hz) oscillations in the left parietal cortex, superior temporal sulcus, and precuneus. Our findings unraveled distinct neurocognitive mechanisms underlying learning and representations of concrete referents of life and death concepts.
Gender differences in patient-reported outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Rasmussen Anne Ankerstjerne , Fridlund Bengt , Nielsen Karina , Rasmussen Trine Bernholdt , Thrysoee Lars , Borregaard Britt , Thorup Charlotte Brun , Berg Selina Kikkenborg , Mols Rikke Elmose
Published: March 2022

Aims

Women report worse health-related patient-reported outcomes (PROs) compared with men following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, this association is not well established when accounting for demographic and clinical patient characteristics at discharge. This knowledge is essential for clinicians when planning individualised care for patients following AMI. The aim of this study is to examine whether gender is associated with health-related PROs at discharge from a Danish heart centre, combining PROs with data from the national health and administrative registries.

Methods and results

A cross-sectional study of 2131 patients with AMI discharged from a Danish heart centre responding to the following health-related PRO questionnaires: the Health-survey Short-Form-12 (SF-12), generating a physical component summary (PCS) and a mental component summary (MCS) score; the HeartQoL, providing a global, emotional, and physical score; the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS); the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), generating an anxiety and depression score (HADS-A and HADS-D); the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS); the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ). Patient-reported outcomes were linked to registry-based information adjusting for potential demographic and clinical confounding factors. In adjusted regression models, women reported worse health-related PROs compared with men in SF-12 PCS and SF-12 MCS, HeartQoL global, the HeartQoL emotional and HeartQoL physical score, EQ-5D-5L and EQ VAS, the HADS-A, ESAS, and in six out of eight B-IPQ items.

Conclusions

Women reported worse health-related PROs compared with men. Health-related PROs have the potential to be further investigated to facilitate a more individualised healthcare follow-up after AMI.
Demographic and clinical predictors of post-operative atrial fibrillation in cardio-surgical patients
Authors: Samaritaki Evangelia , Tsiligianni Ioanna , Basta Maria , Alegkakis Athanasios , Vlassiadis Konstantinos , Lazopoulos Georgios
Published: March 2022

Aims

Post-operative atrial fibrillation is defined as an episode of atrial fibrillation that occurs 1–5 days after a surgical procedure in patients without a previous history of atrial fibrillation. Multiple factors such as demographics, cardiac surgical, endogenous, or mental health may relate to post-operative atrial fibrillation.

The aim of this study was to identify multivariable high-risk factors for post-operative atrial fibrillation and to propose a risk-assessment tool.

Methods and results

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a University Hospital of Greece. Predictor variables examined demographic and clinical variables, anxiety, depression, health-related quality of life, frailty, perioperative mortality (European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II), and 10-year survival/mortality risk (Charlson Comorbidity Index score). The outcome variable was post-operative atrial fibrillation. Multivariable analysis was assessed to identify predictors of post-operative atrial fibrillation.

Ninety-one patients were included in our sample. Post-operative atrial fibrillation was diagnosed in 44 (48.4%). Factors associated with post-operative atrial fibrillation are the following: age group of 66–75 years [OR 5.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37–24.34], Charlson Comorbidity Index score (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.07–1.89), and hours of mechanical ventilation (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.06). The Charlson Comorbidity Index score was identified as an independent predictor of post-operative atrial fibrillation (exp: 1.412, 95% CI: 1.017–1.961).

Conclusion

Patients with post-operative atrial fibrillation had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was identified as an independent clinical predictor of post-operative atrial fibrillation. The risk-assessment tool proposed includes age, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and hours of mechanical ventilation. Future studies are needed to establish such an assessment.
Bacteriophages in sewage: abundance, roles, and applications
Authors: Ballesté Elisenda , Blanch Anicet R , Muniesa Maite , García-Aljaro Cristina , Rodríguez-Rubio Lorena , Martín-Díaz Julia , Pascual-Benito Miriam , Jofre J
Published: March 2022

The raw sewage that flows through sewage systems contains a complex microbial community whose main source is the human gut microbiome, with bacteriophages being as abundant as bacteria or even more so. Phages that infect common strains of the human gut bacteriome and transient bacterial pathogens have been isolated in raw sewage, as have other phages corresponding to non-sewage inputs. Although human gut phages do not seem to replicate during their transit through the sewers, they predominate at the entrance of wastewater treatment plants, inside which the dominant populations of bacteria and phages undergo a swift change. The sheer abundance of phages in the sewage virome prompts several questions, some of which are addressed in this review. There is growing concern about their potential role in the horizontal transfer of genes, including those related with bacterial pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. On the other hand, some phages that infect human gut bacteria are being used as indicators of fecal/viral water pollution and as source tracking markers and have been introduced in water quality legislation. Other potential applications of enteric phages to control bacterial pathogens in sewage or undesirable bacteria that impede the efficacy of wastewater treatments, including biofilm formation on membranes, are still being researched.