bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Similarity-Based Unsupervised Spelling Correction Using BioWordVec: Development and Usability Study of Bacterial Culture and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Reports
Authors: Kim Taehyeong , Han Sung Won , Kang Minji , Lee Se Ha , Kim Jong-Ho , Joo Hyung Joon , Sohn Jang Wook
Published: January 2021

Background

Existing bacterial culture test results for infectious diseases are written in unrefined text, resulting in many problems, including typographical errors and stop words. Effective spelling correction processes are needed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of data for the study of infectious diseases, including medical terminology extraction. If a dictionary is established, spelling algorithms using edit distance are efficient. However, in the absence of a dictionary, traditional spelling correction algorithms that utilize only edit distances have limitations.

Objective

In this research, we proposed a similarity-based spelling correction algorithm using pretrained word embedding with the BioWordVec technique. This method uses a character-level N-grams–based distributed representation through unsupervised learning rather than the existing rule-based method. In other words, we propose a framework that detects and corrects typographical errors when a dictionary is not in place.

Methods

For detected typographical errors not mapped to Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) clinical terms, a correction candidate group with high similarity considering the edit distance was generated using pretrained word embedding from the clinical database. From the embedding matrix in which the vocabulary is arranged in descending order according to frequency, a grid search was used to search for candidate groups of similar words. Thereafter, the correction candidate words were ranked in consideration of the frequency of the words, and the typographical errors were finally corrected according to the ranking.

Results

Bacterial identification words were extracted from 27,544 bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility reports, and 16 types of spelling errors and 914 misspelled words were found. The similarity-based spelling correction algorithm using BioWordVec proposed in this research corrected 12 types of typographical errors and showed very high performance in correcting 97.48% (based on F1 score) of all spelling errors.

Conclusions

This tool corrected spelling errors effectively in the absence of a dictionary based on bacterial identification words in bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility reports. This method will help build a high-quality refined database of vast text data for electronic health records.
Food Allergy Symptom Self-Management With Technology (FASST) mHealth Intervention to Address Psychosocial Outcomes in Caregivers of Children With Newly Diagnosed Food Allergy: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Broome Brantlee , Madisetti Mohan , Prentice Margaret , Williams Kelli Wong , Kelechi Teresa
Published: January 2021

Background

Approximately 2.4 million children in the United States suffer from food-induced anaphylaxis, a condition that is annually responsible for over 200 deaths and 200,000 emergency room visits. As a result, caregivers of children newly diagnosed with severe and life-threatening food allergic reactions experience clinically significant symptoms of psychological distress, including fatigue, anxiety, depressed mood, social isolation, and substantially reduced quality of life. Despite this recognition, there is a lack of caregiver-centered self-management interventions to address these concerns.

Objective

In this protocol, we propose to develop and conduct feasibility testing of a technology-enhanced, self-management, mobile health, smartphone app intervention called Food Allergy Symptom Self-Management with Technology for Caregivers (FASST) designed to meet the psychosocial health needs of caregivers of children with a new diagnosis of food allergy.

Methods

This pilot study uses qualitative work (Phase I) to inform a 4-week longitudinal randomized controlled trial (Phase II). In Phase I, 10 caregivers of children (≤18 years old) with established food allergy (≥1 year from diagnosis) will participate in semistructured interviews to inform the development of the FASST app. In Phase II, 30 caregivers of children (≤18 years old) with a newly diagnosed food allergy (≤90 days from diagnosis) will be randomized 2:1 to receive the FASST intervention (n=20) or control condition (basic app with educational resources; n=10). Process measures include feasibility, caregiver acceptability, adherence, and satisfaction. Outcome measures include caregiver fatigue, anxiety, depression, sleep, self-efficacy, and quality of life measured at baseline, week 4, and 3 months post study completion.

Results

Phase I study activities have been completed, and Phase II participant enrollment into the randomized controlled trial is expected to commence in 2021.

Conclusions

With limited readily available resources at their disposal, the results from this study have the potential to provide caregivers of children with a newly diagnosed food allergy a tool to help them self-manage and mitigate negative psychosocial factors during a critical time period in the caregiving/condition trajectory.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04512924: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04512924

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/25805
Collaborating in the Time of COVID-19: The Scope and Scale of Innovative Responses to a Global Pandemic
Authors: Bernardo Theresa , Sobkowich Kurtis Edward , Forrest Russell Othmer , Stewart Luke Silva , D'Agostino Marcelo , Perez Gutierrez Enrique , Gillis Daniel
Published: January 2021

The emergence of COVID-19 spurred the formation of myriad teams to tackle every conceivable aspect of the virus and thwart its spread. Enabled by global digital connectedness, collaboration has become a constant theme throughout the pandemic, resulting in the expedition of the scientific process (including vaccine development), rapid consolidation of global outbreak data and statistics, and experimentation with novel partnerships. To document the evolution of these collaborative efforts, the authors collected illustrative examples as the pandemic unfolded, supplemented with publications from the JMIR COVID-19 Special Issue. Over 60 projects rooted in collaboration are categorized into five main themes: knowledge dissemination, data propagation, crowdsourcing, artificial intelligence, and hardware design and development. They highlight the numerous ways that citizens, industry professionals, researchers, and academics have come together worldwide to consolidate information and produce products to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Initially, researchers and citizen scientists scrambled to access quality data within an overwhelming quantity of information. As global curated data sets emerged, derivative works such as visualizations or models were developed that depended on consistent data and would fail when there were unanticipated changes. Crowdsourcing was used to collect and analyze data, aid in contact tracing, and produce personal protective equipment by sharing open designs for 3D printing. An international consortium of entrepreneurs and researchers created a ventilator based on an open-source design. A coalition of nongovernmental organizations and governmental organizations, led by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, created a shared open resource of over 200,000 research publications about COVID-19 and subsequently offered cash prizes for the best solutions to 17 key questions involving artificial intelligence. A thread of collaboration weaved throughout the pandemic response, which will shape future efforts. Novel partnerships will cross boundaries to create better processes, products, and solutions to consequential societal challenges.
Toward a Working Definition of eCohort Studies in Health Research: Narrative Literature Review (Preprint)
Authors: Nittas Vasileios , Puhan Milo Alan , von Wyl Viktor
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

The wide availability of internet-connected devices and new sensor technologies increasingly infuse longitudinal observational study designs and cohort studies. Simultaneously, the costly and time-consuming nature of traditional cohorts has given rise to alternative, technology-driven designs such as eCohorts, which remain inadequately described in the scientific literature.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to outline and discuss what may constitute an eCohort, as well as to formulate a first working definition for health researchers based on a review of the relevant literature.

METHODS

A two-staged review and synthesis process was performed comparing 10 traditional cohorts and 10 eCohorts across the six core steps in the life cycle of cohort designs.

RESULTS

eCohorts are a novel type of technology-driven cohort study that are not physically linked to a clinical setting, follow more relaxed and not necessarily random sampling procedures, are primarily based on self-reported and digitally collected data, and systematically aim to leverage the internet and digitalization to achieve flexibility, interactivity, patient-centeredness, and scalability. This approach comes with some hurdles such as data quality, generalizability, and privacy concerns.

CONCLUSIONS

eCohorts have similarities to their traditional counterparts; however, they are sufficiently distinct to be treated as a separate type of cohort design. The novelty of eCohorts is associated with a range of strengths and weaknesses that require further exploration.
Detecting and Measuring Depression on Social Media Using a Machine Learning Approach: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Liu Danxia , Feng Xing Lin , Ahmed Farooq , Shahid Muhammad , Guo Jing
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Detection of depression gained prominence soon after this troublesome disease emerged as a serious public health concern worldwide.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aims to summarize the findings of previous studies concerning applying machine learning (ML) methods to text data from social media to detect depressive symptoms and to suggest directions for future research in this area.

METHODS

A bibliographic search was conducted for the period of January 1990 to December 2020 in Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, ERIC, PsycINFO, and BioMed. Two reviewers retrieved and independently assessed the 418 studies consisting of 322 articles identified through database searching and 96 articles identified through other sources; 17 of the studies met the criteria for inclusion.

RESULTS

Of the 17 studies, 10 had identified depression based on researcher-inferred mental status, 5 had identified it based on users’ own descriptions of their mental status, and 2 were identified based on community membership. The ML approaches of 13 of the 17 studies were supervised learning approaches, while 3 used unsupervised learning approaches; the remaining 1 study did not describe its ML approach. Challenges in areas such as sampling, optimization of approaches to prediction and their features, generalizability, privacy, and other ethical issues call for further research.

CONCLUSIONS

ML approaches applied to text data from users on social media can work effectively in depression detection and could serve as complementary tools in public mental health practice.
Assessing Elderly User Preference for Telehealth Solutions in China: Exploratory Quantitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Nuoya , Liu Pengqi
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

In the next 15 to 20 years, the Chinese population will reach a plateau and start to decline. With the changing family structure and rushed urbanization policies, there will be greater demand for high-quality medical resources at urban centers and home-based elderly care driven by telehealth solutions. This paper describes an exploratory study regarding elderly users’ preference for telehealth solutions in the next 5 to 10 years in 4 cities, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Wuhan, and Yichang.

OBJECTIVE

The goal is to analyze why users choose telehealth solutions over traditional health solutions based on a questionnaire study involving 4 age groups (50-60, 61-70, 71-80, and 80+) in 4 cities (Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Wuhan, and Yichang) in the next 10 to 20 years. The legal retirement age for female workers in China is 50 to 55 years and 60 years for male workers. To simulate reality in terms of elderly care in China, the authors use the Chinese definition of elderly for employees, defined as being 50 to 60 years old rather than 65 years, as defined by the World Health Organization.

METHODS

The questionnaires were collected from Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Wuhan, and Yichang randomly with 390 valid data samples. The questionnaire consists of 31 questions distributed offline on tablet devices by local investigators. Subsequently, Stata 16.0 and SPSS 24.0 were used to analyze the data. O-logit ordered regression and principal component analysis (PCA) were the main theoretical models used. The study is currently in the exploratory stage and therefore does not seek generalization of the results.

RESULTS

Approximately 71.09% (280/390) of the respondents reported having at least 1 type of chronic disease. We started with PCA and categorized all Likert scale variables into 3 factors. The influence of demographic variables on Factors 1, 2, and 3 was verified using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t tests. The ordered logit regression results suggest that health-related motivations are positively related to the willingness to use telehealth solutions, and trust on data collected from telehealth solutions is negatively correlated with the willingness to use telehealth solutions.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings suggest that there is a need to address the gap in community health care and ensure health care continuity between different levels of health care institutions in China by providing telehealth solutions. Meanwhile, telehealth solution providers must focus on improving users’ health awareness and lower health risk for chronic diseases by addressing lifestyle changes such as regular exercise and social activity. The interoperability between the electronic health record system and telehealth solutions remains a hurdle for telehealth solutions to add value in health care. The hurdle is that doctors neither adjust health care plans nor diagnose based on data collected by telehealth solutions.
EFL lecturers’ needs for professional development: A case study of an institution in the Mekong Delta
Authors: Mai Le Xuan
Published: January 2021

Professional development is considered as an essential element in improving teachers’ competencies which, in turn, enhance students’ learning outcomes. In order to provide useful input for the design of more effective and productive professional training programs, this small-scale study was conducted to investigate EFL lecturers’ strengths and weaknesses, and their needs for professional development. Seventeen lecturers were recruited for this descriptive study; they provided information via questionnaire and four of them participated in semi-structured interviews. The English Teacher Competency Framework was mainly used to explore the lecturers’ strengths and weaknesses on five domains, namely knowledge of subject, knowledge of teaching, knowledge of learners, professional attitudes and values, and practice and context of language teaching. The semi-structured interview was employed to get more information about their needs for professional development. Almost all EFL lecturer participants in this study reported a high level of confidence on all domains. The common PD activities that the lecturers need more training or sharing refer to their teaching (e.g. teaching language skills, techniques for classroom management and groupwork management, designing lesson plans for mixed ability class) and their own learning (e.g. reading professional materials and resources, participating activities related to professional community, observing colleagues’ teaching, and attending seminars, workshops or conferences). The findings from this study raise the lecturers’ awareness of their own strengths, weaknesses and needs as well as inform training program developers and administrators in designing appropriate professional training programs and suggest related research areas in the future.
Teachers’ motivation and its influence on quality education: A study at a center for foreign languages in Vietnam
Authors: Hung Luu Nguyen Quoc
Published: January 2021

Teacher is one of the most important elements in education. The quality of education is largely determined by the teacher’s quality. Few would argue against the view that motivated staff are a central resource for the success and quality of an organization, and thus attention needs to be given to examining teachers’ motivation as a key to guaranteed quality education. At the Center of Foreign Languages, Can Tho University, teachers are always recognized as key factors for the success of the institution. This small-scale study was conducted with 42 teachers of English of the Center for Foreign Languages with the aim to examine common factors affecting teachers’ motivation and their perceptions towards quality education. The results of the survey revealed the most common factors for teachers’ motivation and the findings from focus group discussions indicated the positive relationship of teachers’ level of motivation with quality education.
Pyrazole substituted resorcinol derivatives with PI3K inhibitory potential
Authors: Bepary Sukumar , De Tran Quang , Lee Ge Hyeong
Published: January 2021

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma enzymes play significant roles in inflammatory cell recruitment to tumors and accordingly lot of studies have targeted development of small molecule inhibitors against these enzymes for managing various chronic inflammatory disorders. In this study, a number of Pyrazole substituted Resorcinol derivatives have been synthesized in the laboratory and then were evaluated for the inhibitory potential against the gamma isozyme. Highest inhibitory potential was observed from the introduction of non-polar phenyl or methylbenzyl substitution (66.4% and 59.5%) on the OH group of the resorcinol. Addition of relatively polar moiety resulted in decrease in the inhibitory potential and lowest inhibition was observed from 4-pyridyl methyl and 2-morpholino ethyl moieties (23.6% and 24.5% inhibition respectively). The results were encouraging due to remarkable inhibition showed by these compounds against the PI3K enzyme. Thus the scaffold appears as interesting pharmacophore suitable for further development.
Perawatan Lansia: Menerjemahkan Peraturan Nasional ke dalam Program Lokal di Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Hastuti Yuni , Darwin Muhadjir , Sukamdi Sukamdi , Hadna Agus Heruanto
Published: January 2021

One of the important issues related to the elderly is the elder people is significantly increase in the number. In accordance to that, the problems faced by the elderly are also increase and vary. This study aims to examine whether the regulation as the basis for policy formulation and elderly care programs is sufficient. Besides that, this study also tends to identify the translating of existing regulations into elderly care programs in City of Yogyakarta. To answer these problems, research was conducted by combining three ways: document study, survey and qualitative study through in-depth interviews with stakeholders in City of Yogyakarta.The results show that normatively regulation at the national and provincial levels are sufficient as a basis for the formulation of elderly care policies. Nevertheless another serious problem is the operationalization of regulations into the program. The mandate in the law or other regulations was not fully be fulfilled at the level of programs and activities. At the operational level, several programs that have been carried out in City of Yogyakarta have been able to respond to the needs of the elderly. The survey shows that most of the elderly need to join a gathering of fellow seniors and this has been responded to by Rusela program (healthy elderly homes). However there are still some needs, especially regarding the economy and health that have not been responded optimally.
Kebijakan Pertamina dalam Perdagangan Minyak Indonesia (1969–2015)
Authors: Soemarinda Sukusen , Keban Yeremias T. , Darwin Muhadjir , Tumiran Tumiran
Published: January 2021

Pertamina has a long history of oil trading and was influenced by the actors seizing for the power. The first oil shipments was held in 1958, while this research only discussesPertamina oil trading from 1969 to 2015 through a special subsidiary which was established to carry out the trading for almost fifty years since it was still named as Perta Group (1969) until Petral (2015). The purpose of this research is to know how Pertamina oil trading policy was specified and implemented over a period of time and parties affecting the process so rent- seeking and corruption happened throughout the history of Pertamina oil trading. The method of research a descriptive qualitative method of case study. The data was collected from various documents and interview of perpetrators related. Based on the research carried out, Pertamina oil trading from Perta Group (1969) until Petral (2015) could be classified into three periods, i.e. Perta Group period (1969-1978), POML period (1978-1998), and Petral (1998-2015). The first and second period occurred under the authority of the New Order government, while the third period under the reformation periodThe first period was characterized by the domination of military interests and the second period influenced by the interests of inner circle and family business related to the ruler of the New Order and the third period was dominated by the influence of powerfull person/company.
Survival Strategies of Indonesian Immigrants in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Dzurizah Ibrahim , Shah Jalihah Md , Tibok Rose Patsy
Published: January 2021

Findings of studies on the presence of immigrant workers in Malaysia often present negative social and economic implications. Their entry into the country is frequently a contentious issue due to their presence associated often with illegal foreign workers. This paper however is an attempt to provide insights into the involvement of Indonesian immigrants in the food business sector, their business adaptability and their survival strategies in a foreign land. The Indonesian immigrants’ experiences, from their beginnings in Sabah until their current social and community achievements, are presented in this study. Anchored on a biography study orientation and the in-depth interview method, this exploratory study examines the life experiences of five food business entrepreneurs in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah using the snowball effect as a sampling method with the subsequent data analysed thematically. Findings indicate determination and dedication as the main threads in the positive survival among Indonesian food business entrepreneurs. This study identifies seven survival strategies instrumental to the success and adaptability of the Indonesian immigrant community in their host country. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that (1) not all immigrants become liabilities to their host country and community, (2) some immigrants develop local communities by building public religious schools, and (3) some immigrants contribute to the development of local economies. The findings from this study can be utilised to develop better and more positive social and economic development overtures that could sustain a harmonious and peaceful society.
Pola Asuh Orang Tua pada Anak Usia 10-14 Tahun di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Listyaningsih Umi , Alfana Muhammad Arif Fahrudin , Pujihastuti Resti , Amrullah Hilma
Published: January 2021

Usia 10-14 tahun merupakan masa remaja awal dimana usia tersebut merupakan usia persiapan anak saat tumbuh menjadi pribadi yang matang. Oleh sebab itu, pola asuh orang tua yang tepat pada usia ini akan menjadi hal yang penting bagi tahap perkembangan selanjutnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan pola asuh orang tua pada anak usia 10-14 tahun di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode surveidengan sampel sebanyak 150 rumah tangga yang dipilih secara acak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pola asuh orang tua di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta terdiri atas pola asuh demokratis, otoriter, permisif dan acuh. Berdasarkan keempat pola asuh tersebut, sebagian besar keluarga menyatakan telah menerapkan pola asuh demokratis untuk mendidik anak-anaknya. Children aged 10-14 years are the stages of early adolescence. It is the age of preparation when they grow into mature ones. Parenting at this age will be very important for the next stage of children development. The purpose of the present study is to describe parenting in children aged 10-14 years in Special Region of Yogyakarta. The present study used a survey method with a sample of 150 households chosen randomly. The results indicated that parenting implemented by the families in the Special Region of Yogyakarta consisted of democratic parenting, authoritarian/otoriter parenting, permissive parenting and neglectful parenting. Based on the four types of parenting, most families implemented democratic parenting to raise and care their children.
Peran Pekerja Perempuan dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Keluarga Migran di Kecamatan Ilir Barat I Kota Palembang
Authors: Hazani Ilham Alhaq , Taqwa Ridho , Abdullah Rosmiyati
Published: January 2021

Selain sebagai ibu rumah tangga, biasanya perempuan memiliki peran sebagai pekerja. Tekanan ekonomi dan pendapatan yang tidak mencukupi merupakan alasan yang membuat perempuan memutuskan bekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran pekerja perempuan dalam meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga migran di Kota Palembang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam (in- depth interview). Sumber data yang digunakan adalah informan yang berjumlah dua belas orang yang dipilih dengan purposive sampling. Peneliti menggunakan tahap credibility, transferability, dependability, dan confirmability untuk menguji keabsahan data, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan tahap reduction, display, dan conclusion. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pekerja perempuan berperan dalam meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga migran, seperti membantu memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari, menambah penghasilan, menambahan modal usaha dan investasi, tabungan serta biaya kesehatan dan biaya pendidikan.Aside from being housewives, women usually have a role as workers. Economic pressure and an inadequate income are the reasons why women decide to work. The present study aims to analyze the role of female workers in increasing the income of migrant families in Palembang City. The research method used in the present study was a qualitative method by collecting data through in-depth interviews. The sources of data were twelve informants selected by using a purposive sampling. To test the validity of data, the researchers used credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability, while data analysis used stages of reduction, display, and conclution. The present study reveals that female workers played an important role in increasing the income of migrant families, such as helping to meet the daily living needs, increasing the income, the business capital and investment, savings, as well as medical expenses and education costs.
Maternal Healthcare Services and the Health Workers among the Migrant Slum Dwellers of Bangalore City, Karnataka, India
Authors: Mishra Suchismita , Prasad T. Rajendra
Published: January 2021

The health workers play a variety of roles which include provision of outreach, information, referral, advocacy and other support to promote health and help people meet their healthcare. The poor migrants usually settle in unauthorized slums or settlements. The migrant health is found in a disadvantageous position due to poor access to healthcare services. The present paper examines the maternal healthcare services provided by the peripheral health workers among the interstate migrants living in slums of Bangalore city. After conducting a pilot survey, five slums (migrant camps/non-notified slums) were identified based on the criteria of 1) inter- state migration 2) year of migration <7 years 3) having more than 100 households. Mothers with a child below 2 years (n=100) were interviewed with a pretested questionnaire. Qualitative data were collected from the mothers, key informants and healthcare workers through in- depth interviews. The maternal healthcare services by the health workers are not able to reach the migrant population due to migrants’ location of staying and many women went back to their native place for child delivery. The migrants who moved for delivery to their native place (32.4%) accessed the services of the health workers better than the respondents who stayed in the Bangalore city (13.5%). Similar situation was found for the visit of the heath workers for post-natal care. Some institutional lacuna like lack of space, toilets, water and also the shortage of staff etc. were pointed out by the health workers, which are required. The study warrants the need to understand the realities and healthcare needs of the migrant population. A better mechanism should be developed to improve the services of peripheral health workers in delivering primary healthcare services like maternal health care.
Resensi Buku: Tak Ada Tempat untuk Mengelak
Authors: Darwin M.P.A. Muhadjir
Published: January 2021

Judul: Digital Disruption: The Future of Work, Skills, Leadership, Education, and Careers in a Digital WorldPenulis: Dr. Tracey WilenPenerbit: Peter Lang, New York : Pertama, 2018Cetakan: 204 halaman
Correlation of saliva characteristics and caries in beta-thalassemia major patients
Authors: Dewi Siti Rusdiana Puspa , Septhimoranie Sherly , Muchzal Suryadi
Published: January 2021

A patient with beta-thalassemia major is known to have poor oral hygiene and a high risk of caries. Some studies showed that patients with beta-thalassemia have low salivary flow rate and acidic saliva. A reduction in salivary flow rate and pH would increase caries susceptibility. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between salivary flow rate and pH with DMFT index in patients with beta-thalassemia major. This study was a cross-sectional design. A total of 38 patients with beta-thalassemia major aged more than 12 years old at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Hospital were included in this study. Their unstimulated saliva was collected by spitting methods, and the teeth were examined with DMFT Index. The salivary flow rate was expressed as ml/min and the pH was measured using a saliva pH indicator paper. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test to determine the correlation between variables. The result showed that the mean age of the patients in this study was 16.6 years old, with a higher number of female patients than males. Patients with beta-thalassemia major had low salivary flow rate (0.72 ml/5 min), acidic saliva (6.34), and high DMFT index (8.34). This correlation was statistically significant (p<0.01). It can be concluded that there is a strong negative relation between DMFT index with salivary flow rate and salivary pH in patients with beta-thalassemia major.
CHARLES BALLY’S THEORY OF ACTUALIZATION
Authors:   Elena V. Shelukhova Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Shelukhova Elena V.
Published: January 2021

The present article is focused on Charles Bally’s theory of actualization. In his work the linguist describes in detail actualization of the concept (thing or process) and gives the definition to the actualized concept paying attention to the difference in actualization between nouns and verbs. He points out that the concept can be actualized via context or special means or actualizers that assist in actualization of the potential concept. Bally supposes that the actualized concept is a two-sided linguistic symbol where the role of the formal identifier is played by the actualizer which can be expressed by an internal form of the word (case endings) as well as external one (articles, adverbs, pronouns, etc.). The scientist distinguishes three types of actualization: implicit, partly explicit and fully explicit. The linguist explains as well the difference between actualization and characterization of the concept. Also, Ch. Bally observes cases when concepts can be actualized without context or actualizers.
ON THE STATUS AND MODIFICATIONS OF THE INTERNAL SYLLABLE STRUCTURE IN SYLLABIC LANGUAGES (BASED ON MANDARIN CHINESE)
Authors:   Marina V. Lobacheva mur State University, Lobacheva Marina V. , Androsova Svetlana V. ,   Svetlana V. Androsova Amur State University
Published: January 2021

The current paper touches upon two points of view on syllable nature in syllabic languages that are widely observed in literature. According to the first one, the syllable can be described as a grouping of smaller elements using the terms "phoneme," "allophone", "vowel", "consonant" that apply to non-syllabic languages. The second one is to regard the syllable as a minimal paradigmatic unit, similar to the phoneme in the non-syllabic languages. The obtained results enable to assume that such syllable constituents variation in Chinese spontaneous speech that might be a reflection of a common tendency in the Chinese speech flow.
EVALUATIVE COMPONENT IN THE MEANING OF THE GERMAN SET EXPRESSIONS WITH THE LEXEME DER GOTT
Authors:   Tatyana V. Kravets Amur State University, Kravets Tatyana V.
Published: January 2021

The paper deals with connotations of the lexeme der Gott in German proverbs. As proverbs have an evaluative character, they are a rich field for searching connotative meanings. Evaluative judgments in such set expressions as proverbs reflect cultural traditions and basic values of the German nation. In German proverbs a component der Gott has a stable position as a subject and interacts with various predicates. The groups of proverbs with combinations of the subject der Gott with predicates containing evaluation, that is, the views about what things are good or evil. The results of the current study enable to conclude that the proverbs can express both positive and negative connotations of motivated and unmotivated events. Among them positive ones prevail. Various connotations of the lexeme der Gott in German proverbs prove that the concept of «God» objectified in the German language with the token der Gott is considerably significant in the German culture. Thus, a paremic picture of the world enables to determine the place of the concept «God» in the linguistic world picture of German native speakers.
BEYOND THE TEACHING PROCESS: OUTLINING THE PROBLEM
Authors:   TATIANA N. CHUGAEVA  Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chugaeva Tatiana N. , Martens Maria A. ,   Maria A. Martens  Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis
Published: January 2021

Studying a foreign language still remains a challenge for many adults in the Russian Federation due to a number of psychological problems: the lack of self confidence, negative past experience etc. However, if the process of study is organized properly, these challenges could be overcome. The process of teaching a foreign language has much in common with psychoanalytical therapy. During foreign language classes, new and often more comfortable speech and activity patterns are formed due to the shift of the focus of attention from content to form, and that gives more freedom to express thoughts and feelings than by means of the native language. The use of language games combined with teacher’s empathy, amiability, tolerance can produce a consistent therapeutic effect.
SOCIOLINGUISTICAL SITUATION IN THE UST-NYUKZHA SETTLEMENT, TYNDA DISTRICT, AMUR REGION
Authors:   Yulia Р. Ivanashko  Amur State University, Ivanashko Yulia Р. , Morozova Olga N. ,   Olga N. Morozova Amur State University, Bulatova Nadezhda Ya. ,   Nadezhda Ya. Bulatova Institute of Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Maksimova Lubov N. ,   Lubov N. Maksimova Municipal general autonomous educational institution «Ust-Nyukzha GES»
Published: January 2021

The article presents a sociolinguistic study of the Evenks - residents of the Ust-Nyukzha settlement of the Tynda district of the Amur Region. The paper gives the background of the Ust-Nyukzha settlement and statistical data on its ethnic composition. The paper analyzes connected spontaneous speech of the innate of the Ust-Nyukzha settlement - the Evenki language native speakers. The results demonstrate the tendency of using Russian words and morphemes in the Evenki speech. It has been established that Russian insertions into Evenki speech are not predominantly usual. These trends are illustrative of the gradual replacement of the Evenki language of Ust-Nyukzha settlement by the dominating Russian one.
REALIZATION OF RUSSIAN CONSONANTS IN 3-YEAR-OLDS SPEECH
Authors:   TATIANA V. SHUISKAYA  Amur State University, SHUISKAYA TATIANA V. , ANDROSOVA SVETLANA V. ,   Svetlana V. Androsova Amur State University
Published: January 2021

This paper presents an empirical study of errors of various types committed in consonant realization by 20 Russian male and female 3-year-olds. We aimed at ranging Russian consonants according to the difficulty of their articulation focusing on common error tendencies and idiosyncratic error features. The results of the acoustic study of phoneme opposition phonetic manifestation showed that /г/, /rV, /1/, /IV, /J7, /JV, /3/, /tJ7 were the most difficult for 3-year-olds performance. A further finding was high across-speaker variability in the studied age group as far as the level of native language acquisition. Coronals and some labials, but not velars, were consistently palatalized. Doubly articulated /JV, /J7, /3/, /tJ7 underwent [si], [s], [z], [z] and [ts] fronting. Realization of certain consonant clusters involved reduction and a number of errors found for single consonants including gliding, fronting, and palatalizing.
EDUCAÇÃO SEXUAL NAS ESCOLAS: um desafio possível
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Sousa Alexia Jade Machado , Araújo Marielli Monte , Sousa Alessandra Jaira Machado ,   Cristo Faculdade do Piauí, Araújo Paula Monte ,   Universidade Federal do Piauí, Figueiredo Eugênia Bridget Gadelha ,   Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba
Published: January 2021

Introduction: In the last 50 years there has been an increase in the sexual activity of children and adolescents, with a consequent increase in the number of pregnancies and the prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Objective: To analyze in the national literature of the last 5 years aspects related to some challenges and potential of sex education actions in schools. Method: A literature review was carried out. Results: The development of sex education practices in schools began in the 20th century, focusing on epidemiological control, where there were only hygienic religious discussions as a public health strategy. Conclusion: Changes in society and feminist movements have stimulated debates, such as, for example, on the topic of sexual education, bringing to the daily routine the relevance of working on this issue. In this sense, more research needs to be done and the data deserve to be analyzed, so that they do not only serve as epidemiological knowledge, but also to work on what they themselves reveal.
THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NAVAL MEDICINE AND DENTAL SERVICE OF CITIZENS
Authors: Iordanishvili A. K.
Published: January 2021

The article presents the main stages of the life path of a prominent dentist and maxillofacial surgeon Sergo Nesterovich Ugulava. Its role in the formation and development of military dentistry, including in the Black Sea Fleet, as well as its contribution to the development of the theory and practice of marine medicine and dentistry, the formation and optimization of planned rehabilitation of the oral cavity of the naval personnel has been shown. It is noted that in 1947, on his initiative, the Scientific Society of Dentists of the Main Base of the Fleet of the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet was created, which was an important form of increasing special knowledge, familiarizing physicians with scientific work.
Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Compressed Coated Tablets of Simvastatin for Pulsatile Drug Delivery
Authors: P.V. Kamala Kumari  , V. Mounica  , Y. Srinivasa Rao
Published: January 2021

Pulsatile drug delivery system is one type of drug delivery system, where the delivery device is capable of releasing drugs after a predetermined time-delay (i.e. lag time). This system has a peculiar mechanism of delivering the drug rapidly and completely after a "lag time," i.e., a period of "no drug release." These systems are beneficial for drugs having high first-pass effect drugs administered for diseases that follow chrono pharmacological behavior such as drugs having specific absorption sites in GIT, targeting to colon; and cases where nighttime dosing is required. The objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate a press coated pulsatile drug delivery system of simvastatin in order to attain a time controlled release to lower the blood cholesterol level by releasing the drug with a distinct predetermined lag time of five hrs. Simvastatin is a water insoluble drug and its absorption is dissolution rate limited. The core formulations were composed of simvastatin and disintegrants like lycoat, SSG, ludiflash in different ratios and was coated with xanthan gum, guar gum, HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M as a release modifier. Press coated tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content, and in vitro drug release. Result of in vitro dissolution study of the prepared tablet suggested that, the release of drug from press coated tablets match with chrono-biological requirement of disease.
Intervention of Screening Programme for Hypertension and Lipid Profile on Prescribing Pattern of Antihypertensive and Antihyperlipidemic Agents
Authors: Madeshwaran.  M  , Parimalakrishnan. S  , Manivannan.  R
Published: January 2021

The aim of the present  study is to assess the impact of screening  programme  for the patients  visiting  community pharmacies  and factors influencing the prescribing  pattern of antihypertensive  and/ or antihyperlipidemic  agents. The study was designed as a prospective cohort study conducted between December 2017 and November 2019. Data were collected from the hypertensive patients visiting regularly in the 5 selected community pharmacies located at 5 Taluks of Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India. The required data were collected either from the patient’s record or interview.  Data were collected from 946 (75.68%) patients of 1250 patients visited the selected community pharmacies.49.4%  and 50.6% of patients were randomly allotted to the control (group I) and intervention (group II) groups respectively.In this study 50.56% and 46.67% of males were in group I and II respectively.  Average  SBP was measured  as 151.5  ± 11.8 mmHg  and 168.1  ± 13.6 mmHg  for the patients  in group  I and II respectively  whereas  92.9 ± 9.3 mmHg  and 92.6 ± 9.5 mmHg  were  the DBP readings  among  the patients  in group  I and II respectively.  Average  total cholesterol  was measured  as 253.66 ± 33.67 mg/dL  and 271.04 ± 39.91 mg/dL  for the patients  in group I and II respectively. The difference in the prevalence is 0.7 and 2.05 for the antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic agents respectively  whereas  the  incidence  was  observed  as  4.75  and  2.5  for  the  antihypertensive  and  antihyperlipidemic  agents respectively.  The odds ratio  of SBP and DBP is 1.12 and 0.99 respectively  in the group II. The values of multivariate  analysis showed  that  there  is  an  agreement  between  intervention  and  utilization  pattern  of  antihypertensive  and  antihyperlipidemic agents.  It is to conclude  that  the  preliminary  screening  of blood  pressure  and  lipid  profile  showed  many  patients  were  not visiting regularly for consultations. The screening programme has   resulted in good improvement in the utilization pattern of antihypertensive  and  antihyperlipidemic  agents.  The  age,  lipid  levels  and  comorbid  conditions  were  main  factors  among  the individuals which have determined the prescribing pattern of agents.
Thinking with Christian Existentialism: Freedom in Burke’s Dramatism and Berdyaev’s Dostoevsky
Authors: Mailloux Steven
Published: January 2021

Kenneth Burke’s logology is a way of thinking about how to understand the use of language—what he calls “symbolic action”—and how to use language to make sense of various human practices, including interpretive acts. This is a dialectic in thought between rhetoric as language-use and interpretation as making-sense. In The Rhetoric of Religion Burke’s theotropic logology uses theology to interpret symbolic action and symbolic action to interpret theology. Burke extends to other interpretive projects this same rhetorical-hermeneutic strategy of analogically translating words from one domain into another, from one meaning into another. This strategy is one way Burke thinks with other authors and their texts. The present essay uses some of Burke’s published and unpublished work to show how he thinks with the Christian Existentialism of Nicholas Berdyaev and Fyodor Dostoevsky, especially on the topic of freedom. In his thinking with Berdyaev, Burke agrees with the Russian theo-philosopher about the importance of freedom. Indeed, the act of freedom, dramatized in Dostoevsky and described by Berdyaev, forms the very center of Burke’s theory of symbolic action, his Dramatism and ultimately his Logology. Freedom is the condition of possibility for human action as opposed to mere motion, and free will is the necessary product of the cycle of terms implicit in the idea of hierarchical order presented in Burke’s The Rhetoric of Religion.
Matriarch of Latin American Studies in Russia. Vera Kuteishchikova’s Birth Centenary
Authors: Kofman Andrey F.
Published: January 2021

The paper is dedicated to the famous Russian Latin Americanist Vera Nikolaevna Kuteishchikova (1919–2012), who became the second Russian woman after A. Kollontai to be awarded with the Mexican Order of the Aztec Eagle for her merits in the study of Mexican literature. However, V. Kuteishchikova’s specialization was not limited to the Mexican literature; her academic interests included a wide range of issues. The paper demonstrates that she laid the foundations for the scientific study of Latin American literature in Russia and outlined the ways for further research in the field. Therefore, V. Kuteishchikova’s life and work are considered in an inseparable context with the development of Latin American literary studies in Russia. The list of the Russian editions and translations of Latin American writers and the number of critical works published before the 1960s clearly confirm the fact that until then Latin American literary studies did not exist as an independent branch of philological science in Russia, since Russian scholars had a very vague notion of the Latin American literature. The first research work in philology on the Latin American literature was the monograph by V.N. Kuteishchikova Latin American Novel in the XX century (1964). The paper pays special attention to this significant work. An analysis of this book proves that its author identified and revealed a number of essential topics and problems that would be center of Latin American studies in Russia. With an amazing sagacity V.N. Kuteishchikova mapped out a program for Latin American studies for half a century ahead. These ideas were developed in her work in 1970s, in particular, in New Latin American Novel (1976), co-written with her husband, L.S. Ospovat. The paper traces the participation of V.N. Kuteishchikova in the creation of the academic five-volume History of Latin American Literatures; analyzes her last book Moscow – Mexico – Moscow. A Lifelong Road (2000), gives a spiritual portrait of the Russian scholar.