bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human exposure to mercury and its hematological effects: a systematic review
Authors: Vianna Angélica dos Santos , Matos Elisabete Pedra de , Jesus Iracina Maura de , Asmus Carmen Ildes Rodrigues Fróes , Câmara Volney de Magalhães
Published: February 2019

Mercury is a metal found in the environment from natural and anthropogenic sources. It is highly toxic to ecosystems and living beings. Most human exposures come from ingestion of contaminated seafood, outgassing from dental amalgam or occupational exposure (e.g. gold mining), among other cases. Large populations are exposed to mercury, making it a very important issue from the public health perspective. Adverse health effects are commonly seen in the nervous system, but every organ is a potential target, such as the bone marrow. The main goal of this study was to assess the available evidence on human exposure to mercury and its hematological effects. A search strategy was constructed, including key terms (MeSH, text word and equivalents) for querying 2 repositories of master dissertation and PhD thesis (Fiocruz/ARCA and University of São Paulo) and 4 different electronic databases: BVS/LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus and TOXLINE/NIH, for articles published from 1950 to February 2018. There was no language restriction and a tool (EPHPP) was used to assess the quality of included studies. According to pre-established criteria, 80 studies were retrieved, all of them observational (48 case reports, 24 cross-sectional, 6 case series and 2 cohorts), comprising 9,284 people. Despite the fact that most exposed ones (6,012) had normal blood cell count and mercury hematological effects did not seem very usual (1,914 cases: 14 severe and 29 deaths), three studies reported association (β) for anemia, lymphopenia, neutrophilia and basophilia. We concluded that the gathered information pointed to mercury hematotoxic effects, some of them may be serious and even fatal.
ANALYSIS OF THE CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PERIANAL FISTULISING CROHN’S DISEASE IN A SINGLE CENTER
Authors: XU Min-Min , ZHU Ping , WANG Hao , YANG Bo-Lin , CHEN Hong-Jin , ZENG Li
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT Background: Clinical characteristics are keys to improve identification and treatment of Crohn´s disease (CD) so that large sample analysis is of great value. Aim: To explore the clinical characteristics of perianal fistulising CD. Methods: Analysis of 139 cases focused on their clinical data. Results: The proportion of males and females is 3.3:1; the mean age is 28.2 years; 47.5% of patients had anal fistula before CD diagnosis. Patients with prior perianal surgery and medication accounted for 64.7% and 74.1% respectively. The L3 type of lesion was present in 49.6% and the B1 and B2 types for 51.8% and 48.2% respectively; complex anal fistula was diagnosed in 90.6%. Symptoms of diarrhea were found in 46% and perianal lesions alone in 29.5% of patients. Abnormal BMI values was present in 44.6%; active CD activity index in 64.7%; and 94.2% had active perianal disease activity index. A proportion of patients manifest abnormal C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, platelet, hemoglobin and albumin. Conclusion: We suggest that patients with anal fistula associated to these clinical features should alert the medical team to the possibility of CD, which should be further investigated through endoscopy and imaging examination of alimentary tract to avoid the damage of anal function by routine anal fistula surgery.
ALVEOLAR BONE PATTERN AND SALIVARY LEPTIN LEVELS AMONG PREMENOPAUSAL OBESE WOMEN
Authors: SALES-PERES Silvia Helena de Carvalho , GROPPO Francisco Carlos , BONATO Rafaela Carolina Soares , SALES-PERES Matheus de Carvalho , HAITER-NETO Francisco , CHAIM Elinton Adami
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT Background: Systemic bone loss may lead to more severe periodontal destruction, decreasing local bone mineral density. Aim: A cross-sectional designed was performed to study associations among alveolar bone pattern, salivary leptin concentrations, and clinical periodontal status in premenopausal obese and eutrophic women. Methods: Thirty morbid obese (G1) and 30 normal-weight (G2) women were included. Anthropometric and periodontal measurements (probing depth - PD, clinical attachment levels - CAL, presence of calculus, bleeding on probing -BOP, and plaque accumulation) were assessed. OHIP-14 was used for assessment of oral health impact on quality of life. Panoramic radiography was used to obtain the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical index (MCI), and mental index (MI). Intraoral periapical (PA) radiography was taken to measure the total trabecular bone volume. Leptin was measured in saliva of fasted overnight women. Results: Groups 1 and 2 differed in all anthropometric aspects, but height. Pocket depth, calculus, BOP, and plaque index were worse in G1. No differences between groups were found considering OHIP. Normal-weight subjects showed higher proportion of dense bone trabeculae than obese subjects for pre-molars, but not for molars. Mental and panoramic mandibular indexes did not differ and were in normal level. Leptin concentration was dependent only on BMI. Conclusion: Obesity affected the periodontal conditions, the alveolar bone pattern, and the salivary leptin concentration.
SYSTEMIZATION OF LAPAROSCOPIC INGUINAL HERNIA REPAIR (TAPP) BASED ON A NEW ANATOMICAL CONCEPT: INVERTED Y AND FIVE TRIANGLES
Authors: FURTADO Marcelo , CLAUS Christiano M. P. , CAVAZZOLA Leandro Totti , MALCHER Flavio , BAKONYI-NETO Alexandre , SAAD-HOSSNE Rogério
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT Background: Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair has been shown to be superior than open repairs with faster return to daily activities and decrease in the occurrence of chronic pain. However, higher direct costs and mandatory use of general anesthesia are arguments against their use. In addition, increased complexity of surgery resulting from an anatomy that is unusual to general surgeons prevents the widespread adoption of laparoscopic approach. Aim: To propose a technical systematization for transabdominal laparoscopic repair (TAPP) of inguinal hernias based on anatomical concepts. Method: To offer a systematization of TAPP repair based on well defined anatomic landmarks, describing the concept of “inverted Y”, identification of five triangles and three zones of dissection, to achieve the “critical view of safety” for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Results: Since this standardization was developed five years ago, many surgeons were trained following these precepts. Reproducibility is high, as far as, it´s rate of adoption among surgeons. Conclusion: The concept of the “inverted Y”, “Five triangles” and the dissection based in “Three Zones” establish an effective and reproducible standardization of the TAPP technique.
PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS: SURGICAL RESECTION
Authors: BELOTTO Marcos , CROUZILLARD Bruna do Nascimento Santos , ARAUJO Karla de Oliveira , PEIXOTO Renata D’Alpino
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) correspond to about 3% of all tumors in pancreas and could be presented as a difficult diagnosis and management. Objective: To review the diagnosis and treatment of the pNET available in scientific literature. Method: A bibliographic survey was performed by means of an online survey of MeSH terms in the Pubmed database. A total of 104 articles were published in the last 15 years, of which 23 were selected as the basis for the writing of this article. Results: pNET is an infrequent neoplasia and their incidence, in USA, is about 1:100.000 inhabitants/year. Thereabout 30% of them produce hormones presenting as a symptomatic disease and others 70% of the cases could be silent disease. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and/or Computed Tomography (CT) have similar sensitivy to detect pNET. They are very important when associated to nuclear medicine mainly Positron Emission Tomography (PET-CT) Gallium-68 to find primary tumor and its staging. The appropriate treatment should be chosen based on characteristics of the tumor, its staging and associated comorbidities. Conclusion: The surgical resection is still the best treatment for patients with ressectable pancreatic NETs. However, the size, grade, tumor functionality, stage and association with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) are important to define who will be eligible for surgical treatment. In general, tumors bigger than 2 cm are eligible for surgical treatment, except insulinomas whose surgical resection is recommended no matter the size.
What is the best temperature-humidity index equation to indicate heat stress in crossbred dairy calves in a tropical environment?
Authors: Nascimento Fernanda Gatti de Oliveira , Aguiar Hellen Cris Pinto , Rodrigues Gustavo Moya , Guimarães Ednaldo Carvalho , Nascimento Mara Regina Bueno de Mattos
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine among nine temperature-humidity index (THI) equations, the one that best represents the effects of heat stress on crossbred dairy calves reared in a tropical environment. Twelve male and female calves, aged 20 to 60 days, and raised in a tropical pen were evaluated. Respiratory (RR) and heart rates (HR), rectal (RT), body surface (BST), dry bulb (Tdb) and wet bulb (Tbw) temperatures, partial vapor pressure (Pv), relative humidity (RH) and dew point temperature (Tpo) were quantified in the morning and afternoon. Nine THI equations were calculated. The highest correlation between physiological variables and this was used to select the best THI equation. Averages for nine THI equations, Tdb, Twb, Pv, Tdp, RR, HR, RT, and BST were higher in the afternoon than in the morning, whereas that for RH was the opposite. The highest values for RT occurred at temperatures above 26.4°C and when humidity was below 55.5%. The Tdb and Pv correlations with RR (0.697 and 0.707), RT (0.703 and 0.706) and BST (0.818 and 0.817) were significant and positive, whereas the RH correlations with the same physiological variables were significant and negative (-0.622, -0.590 and -0.638, respectively). The best index was the THI sensible heat-based ( T H I = 3.43 + 1.058 x T d b - 0.293 x R H + 0.0164 x T d b x R H + 35.7), which was significantly correlated with RR (r=0.668 and r²=0.446), HR (r=0.259 and r²=0.067), RT (r=0.693 and r²=0.479) and BST (r=0.807 and r²=0.650). In conclusion, the THI sensible heat-based equation best represents the effects of heat stress on crossbred dairy calves reared in a tropical environment.
Anesthetic induction of juveniles of Rhamdia quelen and Ctenopharyngodon idella with Ocimum micranthum essential oil
Authors: Zeppenfeld Carla Cristina , Brasil Marisa Teresinha de Bastos , Cavalcante Gisela , Silva Lenise Vargas Flôres da , Mourão Rosa Helena , Cunha Mauro Alves da , Baldisserotto Bernardo
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT: Anesthetics are effective to reduce or minimize stress in handling operations related to fish cultures. Aiming to avoid residual effects of synthetic drugs, several natural agents, such as essential oils (EOs), have been tested. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of the EO of Ocimum micranthum for induction of anesthesia in juveniles of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Results demonstrated that the most suitable concentration to sedate silver catfish and carp is 25μL/L, while to anesthetize 200μL/L is more suitable for silver catfish and 100μL/L for grass carp, because these concentrations induce deep anesthesia in less than three min and recovery in less than five min. Analysis of the EO constituents showed methyl chavicol, a compound with carcinogenic potential, as the major component (58.2%). Therefore, the EO of O. micranthum is not recommended for fish anesthesia if the fish are to be used as food.
Forage production and mineral composition of cactus intercropped with legumes and fertilized with different sources of manure
Authors: Miranda Karina Rodrigues de , Dubeux Junior José Carlos Batista , Mello Alexandre Carneiro Leão de , Silva Maria da Conceição , Santos Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos , Santos Djalma Cordeiro dos
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive potential and mineral composition of the forage cactus IPA-Sertânia (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck). This species was analyzed both in monoculture and intercropped with leucaena [Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit.] and gliricidia [Gliricidia sepium (Jacq. Steud.], and was assessed with different sources of manure (cattle, sheep, goat, and broiler litter) serving as fertilizer. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco in Caruaru, PE, Brazil. Treatments were allocated in a split-plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. Main plots consisted of cropping systems, while the split-plots were dedicated to manure sources. Cactus harvest was carried out after two years of regrowth. Response variables included both production and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations. No differences were observed for cactus production between the cropping systems, with an average value of 22.1Mg dry matter ha-1 2 years-1. In the intercropped systems, greater proximity to the legumes increased the production of the cactus in the treatments with the cattle and sheep manure, and increased the concentrations of P, K, and Mg, but not of N. The introduction of tree legumes, along with the application of manure, contributes to an increase in production and nutrient concentration of IPA-Sertânia cactus.
Effectiveness of a rapid soil incubation method for determining potential acidity of soils in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Brunetto Gustavo , Souza Rodrigo Otávio Schneider , Piccin Rogério , Bellinaso Roque Junior Sartori , Kaminski João , Ceretta Carlos Alberto , Stefanello Lincon , Krammes Rodrigo , Hindersmann Jacson , Gatiboni Luciano Colpo
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT: Potential soil acidity can be measured by two methods in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC): solution SMP or solution TSM (Buffer Santa Maria). Calibration of these methods is done by incubating soils for long periods (180 days) of CaCO3. The hypothesis of this study is that it is possible to reduce the incubation period in soils by using a soluble base such as calcium hydroxide. The study aimed to estimate potential acidity in a group of soils by moist incubation with Ca(OH)2 (short) as an alternative to the typical method with CaCO3 (long) and relate to the values estimated by the equation used by the Soil Chemistry and Fertility Commission of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina (CQFS-RS/SC; 2016). Ten soils with sandy texture and low organic matter content were collected at 0-20cm in the Campanha Gaúcha region of the state of RS and incubated for 180 days with doses of CaCO3 equivalent to 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the lime requirement estimated by the solution TSM to raise to pH 6.0. Soils were also incubated for 4 days in an oven at 35ºC with 0.22mol L-1 Ca(OH)2 at doses equivalent to CaCO3. Short incubation of the soil with Ca(OH)2 may substitute long incubation with CaCO3. Also, estimating potential acidity using the equation of the CQFS-RS/SC (2016) overestimated potential acidity in soils with solution TSM pH values lower than 6.0 in this study.
Acute toxicity of nitrate in Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles at low salinity levels
Authors: Alves Neto Inácio , Brandão Hellyjúnyor , Furtado Plínio Schmidt , Wasielesky Jr Wilson
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT: Different technologies have been developed to improve the performance of Litopenaeus vannamei in low salinity, mainly in super-intensive systems like recirculation and BFT (Biofloc Technology System) systems. However, there is an accumulation of toxic nitrogenous compounds to the shrimps such as nitrate, that at high concentrations and depending on the salinity of the culture water can be lethal. Acute toxicity tests allow to analyze the relationship between the compound and other abiotic or biotic variables. The aim of this research was to determine the acute toxicity and safety level of nitrate (N-NO3 -) for juveniles of L. vannamei at salinities of 5 and 10g.L-1. For salinity of 5g.L-1, a control and 5 treatments were tested, with nitrate concentrations of 100, 500, 1500, 2500 and 3500mg.L-1.For salinity of 10mg.L-1, a 4500mg.L-1nitrate concentration was added. Juveniles were exposed to concentrations during 24, 48, 72, 96 hours in static system. The Mean Lethal Concentration (LCC50) was calculated and the recommended safety level for L. vannamei cultivation is 60.05 and 127.61mg.L-1 of nitrate for salinities 5 and 10g.L-1, respectively.
Nutrient intake and apparent digestibility coefficient of lambs fed with coffee husk in replacement of oat hay
Authors: Rego Fabíola Cristine de Almeida , Belan Laís , Pertile Simone Fernanda Nedel , Lima Lisiane Dorneles de , Ludovico Agostinho , Zundt Marilice , Lopes Flávio Guiselli , Porto Petrônio Pinheiro
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing oat hay with coffee husk in the diet of lambs on the intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). The experimental design was 4×4 Latin square with four levels of replacement of oat hay with coffee husk (0, 7.5, 15, and 22.5%) with four individually housed Texel sheep. Intake and apparent digestibility coefficients were measured at four periods of 12 days. All orts and feces were collected, weighed, homogenized, and sampled. The use of coffee husk at up to 22.5% of the total DM in the diet of lambs improved the intake of nutrients. Except for NDF, no significant differences were observed for the apparent digestibility of other parameters (DM, OM, CP, EE, NFC, and the ADF). Coffee husk can be included at up to 22.5% of total dry matter in diets with 30% roughage and 70% concentrate, being a good alternative to reduce feed costs in lamb production.
Genetic parameters in agronomic characters for selection of superior lineages of Ricinus communis L
Authors: Santos Laurenice Araujo dos , Silva Simone Alves , Souza Deoclides Ricardo de , Araujo Gilmara de Melo , Almeida Vanessa de Oliveira , Neves Cláudia Garcia
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT: Knowledge on the variability and heritability of agronomic characters of interest aid the selection of superior materials. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic parameters of agronomic traits in castor bean plant lineages and to quantify the genetic correlations between them. The study was performed in the experimental area of the Federal University of the Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia. Seed oil content, vegetative cycle, plant height, and the number and weight of seeds per plant were evaluated in 47 lineages of castor bean seedlings. The coefficient of genetic variation was higher for weight of seeds per plant, revealing greater variability. The broad-sense heritability of individual plots presented a higher value for oil content and a lower value for seed number per plant. Selection precision was moderate for plant height, number and weight of seeds per plant, high for vegetative cycle, and very high for oil content. The genetic parameters allowed superior genotypes to be ranked and selected. Positive correlations between vegetative cycle and plant height, associated with negative correlations for number and weight of seeds, and oil content, allow significant gains for crop productivity.
A Convencionalização na Produção de Sementes na Agricultura Orgânica Brasileira
Authors: Parra Filho Antonio Carlos Mendes , Norder Luiz Antonio Cabello , Jovchelevich Pedro , Kinjo Sakae
Published: February 2019

Resumo: O crescimento da produção orgânica em muitos países está associado à adoção, pelos produtores, de práticas, tecnologias e formas de organização e comercialização encontradas na agricultura convencional. Isso levou a um debate internacional sobre a teoria da convencionalização da agricultura orgânica. Entretanto, o uso na agricultura orgânica de sementes e materiais de propagação contendo agroquímicos não tem sido suficientemente mencionado e estudado como parte deste processo. Diante disso, este artigo analisa a utilização de sementes convencionais como expressão da convencionalização de uma parcela da agricultura orgânica. Para tanto, apresenta uma caracterização do debate sobre convencionalização e da regulamentação brasileira sobre produção de sementes orgânicas; além disso, descreve e analisa iniciativas de empresas, agências governamentais e de organizações do terceiro setor visando a produção de sementes orgânicas para o mercado formal. A metodologia da pesquisa inclui a consulta a artigos científicos, análise de documentos e realização de entrevistas. Os resultados apontam para a complexidade e contradições da convencionalização na produção de sementes na agricultura orgânica e para a importância das organizações da agricultura familiar identificadas com o movimento agroecológico e dos agricultores vinculados aos movimentos “pioneiros” da agricultura ecológica na criação de novos canais de abastecimento de sementes orgânicas.
Capital Social e Ações Conjuntas: um estudo de caso no Arranjo Produtivo de vinhos de altitude catarinense
Authors: Sampaio Gustavo Cristiano , Marini Marcos Junior , Santos Gilson Ditzel
Published: February 2019

Resumo: o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as relações entre o capital social dos agentes e as ações conjuntas desenvolvidas no Arranjo Produtivo Local de vinhos de altitude catarinense. Esta pesquisa classifica-se como descritiva de caráter exploratório, utilizando-se de dados em abordagem quali e quantitativa, com aplicação de questionários estruturados como instrumento de coleta e técnica de pesquisa de campo usando da entrevista. Os resultados apontam para um bom nível de capital social, com destaque para o ótimo nível de confiança, traduzindo-se em ações conjuntas na rede de agentes. Isso tem gerado um bom nível de envolvimento e efetividade de ações conjuntas, a se destacar a organização de eventos, participação conjunta em feiras e eventos, campanha de marketing, desenvolvimento de produtos e processos e capacitação de recursos humanos. Há um pequeno grupo de agentes que apresenta um capital social forte e um ambiente propício para o aumento desse capital em toda a rede. Porém, a avaliação de reciprocidade e densidade apresenta um terço das possibilidades desta rede, ocasionado principalmente pela distância geográfica de muitos agentes que compõem o APL.
Implicações Sociais, Econômicas e Ambientais de Uma Iniciativa de Manejo Florestal Comunitário em Assentamento na Amazônia Oriental
Authors: Porro Roberto , Porro Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka , Watrin Orlando dos Santos , Assunção Helder do Nascimento , Santos Junior Cezário Ferreira dos
Published: February 2019

Resumo: Este estudo buscou analisar as conexões entre a participação em manejo florestal comunitário (MFC) e as variáveis mobilidade, renda e desmatamento. O trabalho foi conduzido na região da rodovia Transamazônica, no Projeto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (PDS) Virola-Jatobá, em Anapu (PA), onde o MFC tem sido, desde 2006, uma das principais propostas do governo para conter o desmatamento, coibir a rotatividade ocupacional dos lotes e melhorar a renda. A análise de uma iniciativa de manejo florestal através de acordo empresa-comunidade indica que recursos derivados da venda de madeira não foram suficientes para conter a mobilidade espacial, reduzir o desmatamento e garantir a manutenção de meios de vida locais. Observações diretas em pesquisa-ação, de cunho antropológico, indicam que o MFC só será bem-sucedido se resultar de ação coletiva minimamente congregando os diversos e divergentes segmentos sociais do PDS. Identificou-se a resiliência de determinadas normas sociais locais em torno do cultivo da roça, como instituição camponesa, com potencial de gerar ação coletiva, inclusive para o manejo florestal. Considerando-se a diversidade de atores e a complexidade de contextos, conclui-se que o ajuste dessas normas sociais locais articulando a produção agrícola com o manejo florestal é condição essencial para a efetividade do MFC e de uma reforma agrária ambientalmente diferenciada.
Extrativismo e Produção de Alimentos como Estratégia de Reprodução de Agricultores Familiares do Assentamento Seringal, Amazônia Meridional
Authors: Soares Keller Regina , Ferreira Esvanio Edipo da Silva , Seabra Junior Santino , Neves Sandra Mara Alves da Silva
Published: February 2019

Resumo: A soberania alimentar do agricultor familiar está relacionada à transformação do agroecossistema, articulando a geração de trabalho e renda e sua capacidade de autoprodução de alimentos. Assim, este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a produção de alimentos destinado ao autoconsumo e o extrativismo de látex realizados por agricultores familiares do assentamento de reforma agrária Seringal, no município matogrossense de Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, pertencente à Amazônia Meridional. Foram investigados agricultores familiares vinculados à Associação de Produtores de Látex (Aprolatex), através de entrevistas. Foi utilizado formulário semiestruturado abordando questões socioeconômicas e de produção. A heveicultura é a principal atividade agrícola exercida na unidade produtiva, correspondendo a até 65% da renda anual agrícola. O complemento da renda ocorre pela criação de pequenos animais, produção de leite e agricultura. As principais culturas produzidas são: mandioca, pepino, milho, abacaxi, batata doce e melancia, utilizados na alimentação familiar. A motivação para a produção para autoconsumo ocorre pela redução de despesas com compra de alimentos e a disponibilidades destes em quantidade e qualidade, garantindo a “segurança alimentar” dessas famílias. Os resultados demonstram a importância da produção de alimentos como estratégia para a permanência das famílias no campo e a necessidade de políticas públicas voltadas para a atividade extrativista.
A Configuração das Lógicas Institucionais do Campo da Cachaça de Alambique em Minas Gerais
Authors: Paiva André Luiz de , Brito Mozar José de
Published: February 2019

Resumo: O campo organizacional da cachaça de alambique em Minas Gerais é constituído por diferentes atores e estruturas sociais. Esta configuração passou por diversas transformações desde o período colonial, marcado pela fabricação e pelo consumo marginalizados, até a atualidade, quando a bebida se consolidou como símbolo da cultura nacional. Em certos segmentos, a cachaça figura, inclusive, como um produto de alta distinção social e ampla inserção no mercado externo. Nessa direção, este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever a configuração das lógicas institucionais que constituem esse campo organizacional. Inicialmente, procuramos resgatar o contexto sócio histórico da bebida por meio de fontes documentais e entrevistas com atores que representam organizações do campo. Em seguida, delineamos as quatro principais lógicas que servem de referência para os produtores de cachaça de alambique, a saber: tradição, mercado, Estado e a lógica técnico-científica. Descrevemos os principais aspectos constitutivos destas lógicas, destacando seus pressupostos e orientações em relação a práticas e à dimensão simbólica. Nessa direção, foi possível evidenciar como a dinâmica institucional, especialmente a partir da emergência da lógica técnico-científica, orientou mudanças na configuração normativa da produção e do consumo de cachaça.
Monitoring and Evaluation of the Agricultural and Rural Renewal Program in Algeria: case of the Ouarsenis area
Authors: Tebani Mohamed , Mederbal Khalladi
Published: February 2019

Abstract: In Algeria, agriculture continues to suffer from short-term strategies and is unsuitable for the needs of populations and rural areas. This study examines the evaluation of the Agricultural and Rural Program (ARRP) initiated in Algeria for the period (2009-2014). This work was carried in the Ouarsenis area located in the north-west of the country. It is based on regular monitoring on the ground of the rate of achievement of the targets foreseen. We concentrated our efforts on the projects financed by the main intervention funds of this program. The results achieved are far from the targets for the economic component, a situation mainly expressed by the low income of the rural population and the number of jobs created. However, an improvement in the living conditions of the population was recorded in the social component. Concerning the environmental aspect, the results are considered acceptable for the restoration of the forest patrimony and low for the protection of the soil. We believe that this policy rests on foundations that have not really been translated into the field in the continuity of previous approaches and lack of governance with poorly managed material, financial and human resources.
As origens do romance-folhetim: do espaço textual ao recorte de uma obra de ficção
Authors: Mollier Jean-Yves
Published: February 2019

Resumo Este artigo explora as mudanças ocorridas na literatura francesa no século XIX a partir da criação do folhetim enquanto espaço textual dedicado à crítica, situado no rodapé dos jornais, até a criação de um novo gênero literário: o romance-folhetim. Este novo modo de conceber a ficção, ritmado pela publicação cotidiana dos jornais, contribuiu para a expansão do público leitor e do mercado editorial, promovendo, assim, a popularização da literatura. Por outro lado, suscitou reações da crítica que, não admitindo a relação entre a literatura e o dinheiro, preferiu desqualificá-la, tachando-a de “literatura industrial”. Analisam-se aqui dois exemplos da época que denunciaram esse novo tipo de produção literária: um panfleto e um romance que atacam Alexandre Dumas e Honoré de Balzac. O artigo destaca igualmente que diferentes suportes, ritmos de publicação, formatos e preços são fatores determinantes para a recepção de uma obra.
Inversão de papéis: jogos de gênero e imaginação literária em Rachel de Queiroz
Authors: Britto Clovis Carvalho , Prado Paulo Brito do
Published: February 2019

Resumo Este artigo examina os jogos de gênero e a imaginação literária de Rachel de Queiroz. Utilizando fontes produzidas no começo da carreira da escritora propõe aproximações entre história da vida literária e história das mulheres a partir da análise dos embates no espaço literário brasileiro na primeira metade do século XX. O objetivo é destacar o impacto dos papéis que Rachel de Queiroz desenvolveu enquanto mulher indisciplinada nas confluências entre sua trajetória e a arquitetura de seus projetos literários em espaços marcadamente masculinos. Problematiza as estratégias da escritora ao inverter os papéis destinados às mulheres e reinventar espaços de liberdade no âmbito da profissionalização e da produção de repertórios sobre a diferença entre os sexos.
Sob o sol tropical: o imigrante português no Rio de Janeiro de Aluísio Azevedo
Authors: Figueiredo Mônica
Published: February 2019

Resumo O presente trabalho pretende resgatar a obra de Aluísio Azevedo do esquecimento a que parece ter sido condenada por boa parte de nossa crítica que, desde o fim dos oitocentos, vem tratando suas narrativas como exemplos escolares de um naturalismo de segunda mão. Partindo da análise da trajetória e da composição de suas principais personagens, pretende-se averiguar como a condição do imigrante português foi recriada pelas linhas da ficção, a fim de questionar o pretenso antilusitanismo de que tantas vezes foi acusado o autor de O Cortiço.
O uso sublime de uma figura de linguagem e o pathos retórico de Alberto Caeiro
Authors: Pereira Mariella Augusta
Published: February 2019

Resumo Este artigo propõe uma leitura em chave retórica da obra de Fernando Pessoa, ao identificar a heteronímia com uma figura de linguagem - a etopeia -, e também investiga o pathos apreendido do discurso de Alberto Caeiro.
Travessias identitárias: representações dos refugiados em Macau na obra de Rodrigo Leal de Carvalho
Authors: Gago Dora Nunes
Published: February 2019

Resumo Este artigo explora as representações dos refugiados e apátridas nos romances de Rodrigo Leal de Carvalho: Requiem para Irina Ostrakoff (1993) e A Mãe (2001). Atendendo aos contributos teóricos de Hall, Leerssen, Said, Arendt, Hamon, entre outros, analisaremos o modo como a condição e a identidade do refugiado apátrida são representadas num discurso de contornos realistas, através da criação de personagens “vivas”,verossímeis, e de alguns ecos de uma “comédia humana” (na linha de Balzac), transposta para o pequeno espaço longínquo de Macau.
Horizontes da pós-colonialidade: o ciclo antilhano de Simone e André Schwarz-Bart
Authors: Rocha Vanessa Massoni Da
Published: February 2019

Resumo Este artigo analisa a importância do tráfico negreiro e da escravidão na formação identitária das Américas, mais particularmente nas ilhas caribenhas de Martinica e Guadalupe. Trata-se de observar os entrelaçamentos entre o fazer literário e a história da escravidão a partir do ciclo antilhano, projeto romanesco em curso de Simone e André Schwarz-Bart. O projeto coloca em cena a personagem Solitude, símbolo da resistência negra guadalupense, e sua linhagem feminina para compreensão do período (pós)colonial entre 1760 e 1953 na tentativa de recriar ficcionalmente os horizontes da pós-colonialidade, de promover novas versão da crônica antilhana e de suprir as lacunas e os silêncios da memória.
Mihai Eminescu en español. Prolegómenos para un estudio traductológico comparativo
Authors: Iliescu Gheorghiu Catalina
Published: February 2019

Resumen Este trabajo se propone abordar la figura del poeta rumano más universal desde la proyección que ha tenido en el ámbito hispano, a través de sus exégetas y sus traductores, tanto españoles como latinoamericanos. Una vez fijadas brevemente las coordenadas de su lugar en la literatura rumana, así como en las letras universales, identificaremos algunos condicionantes que intervienen en el nivel preliminar de decisión (según el modelo Lambert-Van Gorp) del proyecto traductor, susceptibles de tener un nivel de incidencia significativo en la prevalencia de uno de los dos polos en binomios traductológicos básicos como pueden ser: aceptabilidad-adecuación; traducción filológica-traducción poética; o rasgos prosódicos-complejidad semántica. A continuación, propondremos una clasificación de estos condicionantes extraídos de la observación de cuatro versiones en lengua española de la poesía de Eminescu y analizaremos su posible influencia en el nivel preliminar de estas traducciones.
Símbolo, complexo e mito: o mistério Bachelard
Authors: Costa Cristina Henrique da
Published: February 2019

Resumo A contribuição deste artigo está em renovar a interpretação do lugar da imaginação no pensamento de Gaston Bachelard. Procurando restituir certo contexto estético que sustém as teses poéticas do autor, mostra-se aqui que, por um lado a afirmação da autonomia da dimensão simbólica primitiva do homem almeja proteger a imaginação poética dos efeitos racionais da dialética histórica, e por outro lado a atualidade da atividade de imaginação leva a pensá-la como dimensão crítica no próprio âmbito da história. Tenta-se, então, captar dois momentos fundamentais deste dispositivo ao mesmo tempo simbólico e crítico, o qual coloca a cultura e a literatura poética em posição de destaque. Primeiro, o momento primitivo do nascimento do símbolo com o fogo, enquanto misto de tecné e de phusis. Em seguida, o momento do homem culto, que busca viver poeticamente sua humanização do mundo graças à matéria aquática, retornando reflexivamente à natureza do símbolo.
Para uma outra modernidade: Francis Ponge e os deslocamentos da tradição
Authors: Almeida Danielle Grace de
Published: February 2019

Resumo Este artigo pretende examinar a visão de modernidade encenada no projeto poético de Francis Ponge, levando em consideração alguns modelos literários e culturais presentes na tradição francesa. Trata-se, assim, de tentar entender de que modo o poeta problematiza a ideia que temos da poesia ao escapar das dicotomias que caracterizariam as definições de modernidade em oposição a certo passado. Para tanto, pretende-se investigar a articulação entre os textos “rascunhados” de Ponge - que compõem os livros Comment une figue de paroles et pourquoi e La Table - e o desenvolvimento do olhar lançado à matéria na era do surgimento da anatomia a partir do século XVI. Tal aproximação permite também um diálogo com o conceito de serendipidade, cujo paradigma indiciário aponta para a linguagem como conjunto de indícios a serem seguidos.
O que mudou nas últimas décadas na profilaxia do tromboembolismo venoso em pacientes internados: artigo de revisão
Authors: Raymundo Selma Regina de Oliveira , Lobo Suzana Margareth Ajeje , Hussain Kassim Mohamede Kassim , Hussein Kassim Guzzon , Secches Isabela Tobal
Published: February 2019

Resumo O tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) é uma doença frequente e de alta morbimortalidade, sendo considerada a maior causa evitável de mortalidade em pacientes hospitalizados. Apesar da incidência altíssima de TEV em todos os países e das evidências de que a tromboprofilaxia reduz as complicações tromboembólicas em pacientes clínicos e cirúrgicos, e a custo baixo, persistem grandes dúvidas quanto à segurança desse tipo de intervenção nos pacientes e quanto à tromboprofilaxia ideal. Inúmeros estudos e recomendações baseadas em evidências comprovam a eficácia da profilaxia na prevenção do TEV e/ou da morte dos pacientes, mas ainda hoje ela é subutilizada. Neste artigo, apresentamos uma ampla revisão dos métodos de profilaxia existentes até os dias atuais, publicados em diretrizes e estudos nacionais e internacionais sobre tromboprofilaxia.
Management of COPD within the Brazilian Unified Health Care System in the state of Bahia: an analysis of real-life medication use patterns
Authors: Pinto Charleston Ribeiro , Lemos Antônio Carlos Moreira , Assunção-Costa Lindemberg , Alcântara Aramis Tupiná de , Yamamura Laira Lorena Lima , Souza Gisélia Santana , Martins Netto Eduardo
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe COPD pharmacological treatment patterns in the state of Bahia, Brazil, and to evaluate the extent to which these patterns conform to clinical guidelines for the management of COPD. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 441 patients referred from the Public Health Care Network of the state of Bahia to a public referral outpatient clinic of a COPD management program of the Brazilian Unified Health Care System. Individuals with a spirometry-confirmed diagnosis of moderate to very severe COPD were included in the study. Patients were evaluated as to whether they had used any COPD medications in the last seven days. The appropriateness or inappropriateness (undertreatment or overtreatment) of the patient’s pharmacological treatment was evaluated by comparing the patient’s current treatment with that recommended by national and international guidelines. Results: A total of 383 individuals were included in the analysis. Approximately half of the patients (49.1%) used long-acting bronchodilators. These patients were older and had had the disease longer. Of the sample as a whole, 63.7% and 83.0% did not receive pharmacological treatment in accordance with international and national recommendations, respectively. Inappropriateness due to undertreatment was indentified in more than half of the patients. Conclusions: Long-acting bronchodilators are frequently underused in individuals with moderate to very severe COPD within the Brazilian Unified Health Care System in the state of Bahia. Most patients in our sample were treated inappropriately, and undertreatment predominated. Strategies to improve access to long-acting bronchodilators and the quality of COPD pharmacological management are required.
Obstructive sleep apnea and quality of life in elderly patients with a pacemaker
Authors: Lima Tatiana Albuquerque Gonçalves de , Brito Evandro Cabral de , Martins Robson , Lima Sandro Gonçalves de , Pedrosa Rodrigo Pinto
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate quality of life in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who have a pacemaker. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving elderly patients (≥ 60 years of age) with a pacemaker. The dependent variable was quality of life, as evaluated with the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Sociodemographic and clinical parameters, including anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score), as well as the presence of OSA (defined as an apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 15 events/h), were analyzed as independent variables. Patients with cognitive/neurological deficits or decompensated heart failure were excluded. Results: We evaluated 72 patients, 17 (23.6%) of whom presented OSA. Of those 17 patients, 9 (52.9%) were male. The mean age was 72.3 ± 9.3 years. A diagnosis of OSA was not associated with gender (p = 0.132), age (p = 0.294), or body mass index (p = 0.790). There were no differences between the patients with OSA and those without, in terms of the SF-36 domain scores. Fourteen patients (19.4%) presented moderate or severe anxiety. Of those 14 patients, only 3 (21.4%) had OSA (p = 0.89 vs. no OSA). Twelve patients (16.6%) had moderate or severe depression. Of those 12 patients, only 2 (16.6%) had OSA (p = 0.73 vs. no OSA). Conclusions: In elderly patients with a pacemaker, OSA was not found to be associated with quality of life or with symptoms of anxiety or depression.
Dysfunctional breathing: what do we know?
Authors: Vidotto Laís Silva , Carvalho Celso Ricardo Fernandes de , Harvey Alex , Jones Mandy
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT Dysfunctional breathing (DB) is a respiratory condition characterized by irregular breathing patterns that occur either in the absence of concurrent diseases or secondary to cardiopulmonary diseases. Although the primary symptom is often dyspnea or “air hunger”, DB is also associated with nonrespiratory symptoms such as dizziness and palpitations. DB has been identified across all ages. Its prevalence among adults in primary care in the United Kingdom is approximately 9.5%. In addition, among individuals with asthma, a positive diagnosis of DB is found in a third of women and a fifth of men. Although DB has been investigated for decades, it remains poorly understood because of a paucity of high-quality clinical trials and validated outcome measures specific to this population. Accordingly, DB is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, given the similarity of its associated symptoms (dyspnea, tachycardia, and dizziness) to those of other common cardiopulmonary diseases such as COPD and asthma. The high rates of misdiagnosis of DB suggest that health care professionals do not fully understand this condition and may therefore fail to provide patients with an appropriate treatment. Given the multifarious, psychophysiological nature of DB, a holistic, multidimensional assessment would seem the most appropriate way to enhance understanding and diagnostic accuracy. The present narrative review was developed as a means of summarizing the available evidence about DB, as well as improving understanding of the condition by researchers and practitioners.
Back to the future: a case series of minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum with regular instruments
Authors: Tedde Miguel Lia , Togoro Silvia Yukari , Eisinger Robert Stephen , Okumura Erica Mie , Fernandes Angelo , Pêgo-Fernandes Paulo Manuel , Campos Jose Ribas Milanez de
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: Minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) is a surgical treatment for PE. During the procedure, a specialized introducer is used to tunnel across the mediastinum for thoracoscopic insertion of a metal bar. There have been reported cases of cardiac perforation during this risky step. The large introducer can be a dangerous lever in unskilled hands. We set out to determine the safety and feasibility of using regular instruments (i.e., not relying on special devices or tools) to create the retrosternal tunnel during MIRPE. Methods: This was a preliminary study of MIRPE with regular instruments (MIRPERI), involving 28 patients with PE. We recorded basic patient demographics, chest measurements, and surgical details, as well as intraoperative and postoperative complications. Results: Patients undergoing MIRPERI had Haller index values ranging from 2.58 to 5.56. No intraoperative complications occurred. Postoperative complications included nausea/vomiting in 8 patients, pruritus in 2, and dizziness in 2, as well as atelectasis, pneumothorax with thoracic drainage, pleural effusion, and dyspnea in 1 patient each. Conclusions: In this preliminary study, the rate of complications associated with MIRPERI was comparable to that reported in the literature for MIRPE. The MIRPERI approach has the potential to improve the safety of PE repair, particularly for surgeons that do not have access to certain special instruments or have not been trained in their use.
Is a low level of education a limiting factor for asthma control in a population with access to pulmonologists and to treatment?
Authors: Emilio Cassia Caroline , Mingotti Cintia Fernanda Bertagni , Fiorin Paula Regina , Lima Leydiane Araujo , Muniz Raisa Lemos , Bigotto Luis Henrique , Marchi Evaldo , Ponte Eduardo Vieira
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine whether a low level of education is a risk factor for uncontrolled asthma in a population of patients who have access to pulmonologists and to treatment. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving outpatients > 10 years of age diagnosed with asthma who were followed by a pulmonologist for at least 3 months in the city of Jundiai, located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The patients completed a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, the 6-item Asthma Control Questionnaire (to assess the control of asthma symptoms), and a questionnaire designed to assess treatment adherence. Patients underwent spirometry, and patient inhaler technique was assessed. Results: 358 patients were enrolled in the study. Level of education was not considered a risk factor for uncontrolled asthma symptoms (OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.94-1.05), spirometry findings consistent with obstructive lung disease (OR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99-1.01), uncontrolled asthma (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.95-1.10), or the need for moderate/high doses of inhaled medication (OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.94-1.06). The number of years of schooling was similar between the patients in whom treatment adherence was good and those in whom it was poor (p = 0.08), as well as between those who demonstrated proper inhaler technique and those who did not (p = 0.41). Conclusions: Among asthma patients with access to pulmonologists and to treatment, a low level of education does not appear to be a limiting factor for adequate asthma control.