bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric observations consistent with reported decline in the UK's methane emissions (2013–2020)
Authors: Lunt Mark F. , Manning Alistair J. , Allen Grant , Arnold Tim , Bauguitte Stéphane J.-B. , Boesch Hartmut , Ganesan Anita L. , Grant Aoife , Helfter Carole , Nemitz Eiko , O'Doherty Simon J. , Palmer Paul I. , Pitt Joseph R. , Rennick Chris , Say Daniel , Stanley Kieran M. , Stavert Ann R. , Young Dickon , Rigby Matt
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric measurements can be used as a tool to evaluate national greenhouse gas inventories through inverse modelling. Using 8 years of continuous methane (CH4) concentration data, this work assesses the United Kingdom's (UK) CH4 emissions over the period 2013–2020. Using two different inversion methods, we find mean emissions of 2.10 ± 0.09 and 2.12 ± 0.26 Tg yr−1 between 2013 and 2020, an overall trend of −0.05 ± 0.01 and −0.06 ± 0.04 Tg yr−2 and a 2 %–3 % decrease each year. This compares with the mean emissions of 2.23 Tg yr−1 and the trend of −0.03 Tg yr−2 (1 % annual decrease) reported in the UK's 2021 inventory between 2013 and 2019. We examine how sensitive these estimates are to various components of the inversion set-up, such as the measurement network configuration, the prior emissions estimate, the inversion method and the atmospheric transport model used. We find the decreasing trend to be due, primarily, to a reduction in emissions from England, which accounts for 70 % of the UK CH4 emissions. Comparisons during 2015 demonstrate consistency when different atmospheric transport models are used to map the relationship between sources and atmospheric observations at the aggregation level of the UK. The posterior annual national means and negative trend are found to be consistent across changes in network configuration. We show, using only two monitoring sites, that the same conclusions on mean UK emissions and negative trend would be reached as using the full six-site network, albeit with larger posterior uncertainties. However, emissions estimates from Scotland fail to converge on the same posterior under different inversion set-ups, highlighting a shortcoming of the current observation network in monitoring all of the UK. Although CH4 emissions in 2020 are estimated to have declined relative to previous years, this decrease is in line with the longer-term emissions trend and is not necessarily a response to national lockdowns.
Calibration and evaluation of a broad supersaturation scanning (BS2) cloud condensation nuclei counter for rapid measurement of particle hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity
Authors: Kim Najin , Cheng Yafang , Ma Nan , Pöhlker Mira L. , Klimach Thomas , Mentel Thomas F. , Krüger Ovid O. , Pöschl Ulrich , Su Hang
Published: November 2021

Abstract. For understanding and assessing aerosol–cloud
interactions and their impact on climate, reliable measurement data on
aerosol particle hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity
are required. The CCN activity of aerosol particles can be determined by
scanning particle size and supersaturation (S) in CCN measurements. Compared
to an existing differential mobility analyzer (DMA) with CCN activity
measurement, a broad supersaturation scanning CCN (BS2-CCN) system, in which
particles are exposed to a range of S simultaneously, can measure the CCN
activity with a high time resolution. Based on a monotonic relation between
the activation supersaturation of aerosol particles (Saerosol) and the
activated fraction (Fact) of the BS2-CCN measurement, we can derive
κ, a single hygroscopicity parameter, directly. Here, we describe
how the BS2-CCN system can be effectively calibrated and which factors can
affect the calibration curve (Fact−Saerosol). For calibration,
size-resolved CCN measurements with ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride
particles are performed under three different thermal gradient (dT)
conditions (dT=6, 8, and 10 K). We point out key processes that can affect
the calibration curve and thereby need to be considered as follows: first,
the shape of the calibration curve is primarily influenced by Smax, the
maximum S in the activation tube. We need to determine appropriate Smax
depending on the particle size and κ to be investigated. To minimize the
effect of multiply charged particles, a small geometric mean diameter
(Dg) and geometric standard deviation (σg) in
number size distribution are recommended when generating the calibration
aerosols. Last, Fact is affected by particle number concentration and
has a decreasing rate of 0.02 per 100 cm−3 due to
the water consumption in the activation tube. For evaluating the BS2-CCN
system, intercomparison experiments between typical DMA-CCN and BS2-CCN
measurements were performed with a laboratory-generated aerosol mixture and
ambient aerosols. Good agreement of κ values between DMA-CCN and
BS2-CCN measurements for both experiments shows that the BS2-CCN system can
measure CCN activity well compared to the existing measurement method and can
measure a broad range of hygroscopicity distributions with a high
time resolution (∼1 s vs. a few minutes for a standard CCN
activity measurement). As the hygroscopicity can be used as a proxy for the
chemical composition, our method can also serve as a complementary approach
for fast and size-resolved detection and estimation of aerosol chemical
composition.
BAWLD-CH4: a comprehensive dataset of methane fluxes from boreal and arctic ecosystems
Authors: Kuhn McKenzie A. , Varner Ruth K. , Bastviken David , Crill Patrick , MacIntyre Sally , Turetsky Merritt , Walter Anthony Katey , McGuire Anthony D. , Olefeldt David
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from the boreal and arctic
region are globally significant and highly sensitive to climate change.
There is currently a wide range in estimates of high-latitude annual
CH4 fluxes, where estimates based on land cover inventories and
empirical CH4 flux data or process models (bottom-up approaches)
generally are greater than atmospheric inversions (top-down approaches). A
limitation of bottom-up approaches has been the lack of harmonization
between inventories of site-level CH4 flux data and the land cover
classes present in high-latitude spatial datasets. Here we present a
comprehensive dataset of small-scale, surface CH4 flux data from 540
terrestrial sites (wetland and non-wetland) and 1247 aquatic sites (lakes
and ponds), compiled from 189 studies. The Boreal–Arctic Wetland and Lake
Methane Dataset (BAWLD-CH4) was constructed in parallel with a
compatible land cover dataset, sharing the same land cover classes to enable
refined bottom-up assessments. BAWLD-CH4 includes information on
site-level CH4 fluxes but also on study design (measurement method,
timing, and frequency) and site characteristics (vegetation, climate,
hydrology, soil, and sediment types, permafrost conditions, lake size and
depth, and our determination of land cover class). The different land cover
classes had distinct CH4 fluxes, resulting from definitions that were
either based on or co-varied with key environmental controls. Fluxes of
CH4 from terrestrial ecosystems were primarily influenced by water
table position, soil temperature, and vegetation composition, while CH4
fluxes from aquatic ecosystems were primarily influenced by water
temperature, lake size, and lake genesis. Models could explain more of the
between-site variability in CH4 fluxes for terrestrial than aquatic
ecosystems, likely due to both less precise assessments of lake CH4
fluxes and fewer consistently reported lake site characteristics. Analysis
of BAWLD-CH4 identified both land cover classes and regions within the
boreal and arctic domain, where future studies should be focused, alongside
methodological approaches. Overall, BAWLD-CH4 provides a comprehensive
dataset of CH4 emissions from high-latitude ecosystems that are useful
for identifying research opportunities, for comparison against new field
data, and model parameterization or validation. BAWLD-CH4 can be
downloaded from https://doi.org/10.18739/A2DN3ZX1R (Kuhn et al., 2021).
The CHIMERE v2020r1 online chemistry-transport model
Authors: Menut Laurent , Bessagnet Bertrand , Briant Régis , Cholakian Arineh , Couvidat Florian , Mailler Sylvain , Pennel Romain , Siour Guillaume , Tuccella Paolo , Turquety Solène , Valari Myrto
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The CHIMERE chemistry-transport model v2020r1 replaces the v2017r5 version and provides numerous novelties. The most important of these is the online coupling with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) meteorological model via the OASIS3 – Model Coupling Toolkit (MCT) external coupler. The model can still be used in offline mode; the online mode enables us to take into account the direct and indirect effects of aerosols on meteorology. This coupling also enables using the meteorological parameters with sub-hourly time steps. Some new parameterizations are implemented to increase the model performance and the user's choices: dimethyl sulfide (DMS) emissions, additional schemes for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation with volatility basis set (VBS) and H2O, improved schemes for mineral dust, biomass burning, and sea-salt emissions. The NOx emissions from lightning are added. The model also includes the possibility to use the operator-splitting integration technique. The subgrid-scale variability calculation of concentrations due to emission activity sectors is now possible. Finally, a new vertical advection scheme has been implemented, which is able to simulate more correctly long-range transport of thin pollutant plumes.
Identification of wind turbine main-shaft torsional loads from high-frequency SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) measurements using an inverse-problem approach
Authors: Remigius W. Dheelibun , Natarajan Anand
Published: November 2021

Abstract. To assess the structural health and remaining useful life of wind turbines within wind farms, the site-specific structural response and modal parameters of the primary structures are required. In this regard, a novel inverse-problem-based methodology is proposed here to identify the dynamic quantities of the drivetrain main shaft, i.e. torsional displacement and coupled stiffness. As a model-based approach, an inverse problem of a mathematical model concerning the coupled-shaft torsional dynamics with high-frequency SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) measurements as input is solved. It involves Tikhonov regularisation to minimise the measurement noise and irregularities on the shaft torsional displacement obtained from measured rotor and generator speed. Subsequently, the regularised torsional displacement along with necessary SCADA measurements is used as an input to the mathematical model, and a model-based system identification method called the collage method is employed to estimate the coupled torsional stiffness. It is also demonstrated that the estimated shaft torsional displacement and coupled stiffness can be used to identify the site-specific main-shaft torsional loads.
It is shown that the torsional loads estimated by the proposed methodology is in good agreement with the aeroelastic simulations of the Vestas V52 wind turbine. Upon successful verification, the proposed methodology is applied to the V52 turbine to identify the site-specific main-shaft torsional loads and damage-equivalent load. Since the proposed methodology does not require a design basis or additional measurement sensors, it can be directly applied to wind turbines within a wind farm that possess high-frequency SCADA measurements.
Needlestick Injuries among Dental Professionals in Dental Colleges of Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Authors: Zara Batool , Shuja Eruj , Allah Nasar Um Min , Pervez Muddasar , Siddiquie Omer , Siddique Sohaib
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of Needlestick Injuries (NSIs) among dental professionals in various dental hospitals of Rawalpindi. Study Design and Setting: It was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in four different dental colleges of Rawalpindi from January 2019 to March 2019. Methodology: By using convenient sampling technique, a total of 252 dental professionals were approached for the data collection through a structured, pretested, self-designed questionnaire. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. P-value <= 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Among 252 participants; 36 (14.3%) were dental assistants, 158 (62.7%) were dentists, 38 (15.1%) were postgraduate trainees (PGTs) and 20 (7.9%) were consultant dentists. The mean age ± SD of participants was 26.9 ± 5.41. There were 92 (36.5%) male and 160 (63.5%) female participants. Mean knowledge score was best for consultant dentists (85.83 ± 15.74) followed by PGTs (80.70 ± 14.71) and dentists (76.58 ± 15.39) whereas it is lower for dental assistants (65.28 ± 11.87), p = 0.002. Practice response has shown that 22 (16%) of the dental assistants have never been vaccinated for Hepatitis B whereas most of the dental assistants have never reported the incident of NSIs to the concerned authorities. Conclusion: NSIs continue to be a serious occupational hazard in the field of Dentistry. This study concluded that despite the mean knowledge score was highest among consultant dentists, the dental assistants and dentists have lower overall knowledge and practice indicates a need to continuing education on safe injection techniques along with the hands-on programme to prevent NSIs in hospitals.
Correlation between Inferior Vena Cava Diameter Assessed on Ultrasonography and Central Venous Pressure among Critically ILL Patients Admitted In Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Zehra Shabih , Latif Atif , Kazi Asiya , Zaidi Syed
Published: November 2021

Objective: To assess the correlation between inferior vena cava(IVC) diameter and central venous pressure (CVP) in critical patients admitted in ICU. Study Design and Setting: The cross-sectional pilot study was conducted at Radiology Department of PNS SHIFA Hospital. Methodology: 18-80 years patients were included and patients with severe orthopnea, unable to lie in supine position, morbid obese, pneumothorax, mass in mediastinum, tricuspid regurgitation and intra-cerebral bleeds were excluded. Results: The mean age of 50 patients was 41.44±16.73 years. Mean measurement of CVP was considered as 10.41±4.18 mm. Mean diameter of IVC was 12.65±2.22 mm. The study results showed weak negative correlation between the CVP and IVC (r= - 0.110, p=0.04). It was also predicted that patients with age =50 years showed weak negative correlation between the CVP and IVC (r=-0.290, p=0.034). Similarly, in patients with age >50 years there was strong negative correlation between CVP and IVC (r=-0.680, p=0.045). The study results also showed that in male patients there was weak negative correlation between the CVP and IVC i.e. (r=-0.045, p=0.048). However, in female patients there was moderate positive correlation (r=0.685, p=0.001). Conclusion: Weak negative correlation was found between inferior vena cava diameter on ultrasonography and central venous pressure measurement among critically ill patients.
Awareness of Mammographic Screening Amongst Females Visiting Breast Clinic at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi
Authors: Shawana Summayyah , Shafique Sehrish , Rabbani Sarah , Hassan Sobia , Sidhwani Santosh , Siddiqui Rafia
Published: November 2021

Objective: To assess the awareness of mammographic screening among women visiting the breast clinic at a tertiary care facility in Karachi. Study Design and Setting: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre Karachi over one month period from 1-10-2019 to 31-10-2019. Methodology: After receiving ethical approval, relevant information from patients coming to the breast clinic over the study period, regarding age, level of education, family history, diagnosis and awareness regarding mammographic screening was recorded on specially designed proformas and was statistically analyzed on SPSS 23. P value </= to 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of the 100 participants included in the study 68 patients had malignant lesions, 18 had a benign diagnosis while 14 patients were undiagnosed. Only 42 had at least some knowledge of mammographic screening of breast cancers and only 15 patients actually had a screening mammogram performed. Of those aware of the screening majority were informed regarding the procedure by health care professionals or through media sources. Only 4 out of 17 participants with a positive history of breast cancer in the family had the screening done. 12 patients diagnosed with malignant breast lesions were under the age of 40 years. Conclusion: Awareness of mammographic screening for breast cancer among females in our setup is still unsatisfactory and calls for improvements in the awareness programs for breast cancer screening. An early age at diagnosis for malignant breast lesions should prompt the concerned to revise the recommended lower age limit for commencing mammographic screening
Awareness of Denture Cleansers and its Recognition among Dental Professionals
Authors: Abbasi Maria , Ishfaq Maleeha , Ahmed Naseer , Rahman Maryam , Kanwal Yusra , Irfan Adil
Published: November 2021

Objective: To assess the awareness of denture cleansers and its recognition among dental professionals in Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design and Setting: Cross-sectional study conducted at various institutes and hospitals of Karachi, over a period of 06 months from March to August’ 2019. Methodology: Total 200 dental practitioners were included in this study using nonprobability convenience sampling technique and according to the inclusion criteria. Those dental practitioners who were currently in practice; either at a hospital or clinic setting were included; others who were not in practice or only working as an academician were excluded. This study was conducted by administering a well-structured questionnaire, comprising of 12 close ended questions divided into two sections including demography and responses concerning the knowledge and attitude of dental practitioners regarding denture cleansers. The data was entered in SPSS version 25 for descriptive statistics for qualitative variables. Results: The study showed that 86.5% dentists were aware of denture cleansers and 89% prescribe them. However,58.5% were not aware of the adverse effects. Conclusion: Our analysis has shown that the dental professionals reinforce oral hygiene instructions in their dental practice and prescribe denture cleansers according to need. However, the knowledge regarding adverse effects among the subjects should be addressed
Joubert Syndrome Diagnosed at 16+6 Weeks Gestation and Molar Tooth Sign by 3D Modality
Authors: Sinha Prabha , Sibtain Shabnum
Published: November 2021

Joubert’s syndrome is a rare genetic disorder. It is an autosomal recessive neuro-developmental disorder involving mid and hind brain. This report describes a fetus at gestational age 16weeks+ 6 days, who presented with characteristic Molar tooth sign on the antenatal scan. This sign is a salient feature of Joubert syndrome (JS). Mostly the diagnosis of JS is made after birth. Few cases are diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound.
Role of Rifaximin in Prevention of Recurrent Hepatic Encephalopathy in Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Farzand Sahar , Khattak Abdul , Din Rafi ud , Bukhari Karamat , Amin Muhammad , Satti Shahzeb
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To determine the efficacy (in terms of recurrence) of rifaximin in Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) in chronic liver disease. Study Design and Setting: A descriptive study carried out from 4th September 2018 to 3rd March 2019 at the department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Quetta. Methodology: A total of 104 patients of chronic liver disease with HE, 25-65 years and both genders were included. Patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage, chronic renal insufficiency and anemia were excluded. Then tab Rifaximin 550 mg twice daily along with standard prescription i.e. Lactulose 30 to 60 ml in two to three divided doses per day was given to each patient and efficacy was noted. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20.0. Age, duration of disease and Conn’s score was presented as mean and standard deviation. A p value = 0.05 was considered as significant Results: Age range in our study was from 25 to 65 years with a mean of 45.73 ± 8.13 years. Most of the patients 54 (51.92%) were between 46 to 65 years of age range. Out of the 104 patients, 77 (74.04%) were male and male to female ratio was 2.9:1. Mean duration of disease was 13.66 ± 3.77 months. Mean conn’s score was 4.77 ± 1.43. Efficacy (no recurrence) of rifaximin in HE in chronic liver disease was found in 85 (81.73%) patients. Conclusion: It was inferred that rifaximin is useful in decreasing the recurrence of HE in chronic liver disease patients with previous episode/s of encephalopathy
E-Learning Among University Students During COVID-19
Authors: Aziz Khalid , Usman Muhammad , Fahim Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Somewhere in the beginning of March 2020, State Government suddenly announced the closure of all educational institutions as a preventive measure to restrict the spread of novel coronavirus. It has been over five months since the government has completely shut down the educational institutions
Analisis Tingkat Capaian Green Building Berdasarkan Greenship untuk Bangunan Baru Versi 1.2 (Studi Kasus: Hotel Kokoon Banyuwangi)
Authors: Fatmayati Dwi Marta , Trisiana Anita , Wicaksono Luthfi Amri
Published: November 2021

Hotel Kokoon Banyuwangi termasuk hotel baru dan merupakan bangunan tertinggi di Kabupaten Banyuwangi mencapai 13 lantai dengan ketinggian 57,7 meter. Adanya konsep green building diharapkan gedung tersebut telah menerapkan konsep green building. Penelitian dilakukan sesuai dengan kondisi gedung yang telah melewati masa konstruksi, sehingga tahap penilaian dilakukan hingga tahap Final Assessment. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui tingkat capaian green building berdasarkan greenship untuk bangunan baru versi 1.2 di Indonesia pada Hotel Kokoon Banyuwangi. Variabel penelitian meliputi 6 (enam) kategori greenship yakni kategori tepat guna lahan, efisiensi dan konservasi energi, konservasi air, siklus dan sumber material, kesehatan dan kenyamanan dalam ruang, manajemen lingkungan bangunan. Data primer pada penelitian ini meliputi sistem proteksi kebakaran, aksesibilitas difabel, pengukuran pencahayaan, pengukuran kebisingan, pengukuran suhu dan kelembaban, kuisioner tamu dari Hotel Kokoon Banyuwangi serta wawancara dengan pihak pengelola dan pelaksana. Data sekunder meliputi as-built drawing Hotel Kokoon Banyuwangi, dokumen RTRW kabupaten Banyuwangi, Bill of Quantity, Rencana Kerja dan Syarat-syarat (RKS), serta panduan teknis perangkat penilaian greenship untuk bangunan baru versi 1.2 Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan perhitungan, Hotel Kokoon Banyuwangi telah menerapkan konsep green building sebesar 49,505% atau setara dengan Silver, setelah dilakukannya rekomendasi Hotel Kokoon Banyuwangi mendapatkan persentase predikat sesuai dengan kemampuan gedung yaitu sebanyak 62,376% atau setara dengan Gold. Biaya yang diperlukan dalam upaya meningkatkan peringkat dari Silver ke Gold adalah sebesar Rp. 80.116.500,00.
Penerapan Building Information Modeling (BIM) Dalam Analisis Waktu Dan Anggaran Biaya Struktur Dan Arsitektur (Studi Kasus: Gedung Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Jember)
Authors: Irawan Deliar Ogi Prastica , Trisiana Anita , Sukmawati Sri
Published: November 2021

Perkembangan dunia konstruksi yang bertambah pesat menyebabkan persaingan penyedia jasa konstruksi untuk menerapkan sistem terintegrasi. Kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi menghadirkan inovasi sebuah sistem terintegrasi berupa platform digital yang bernama Building Information Modeling (BIM). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis proyek Gedung Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Jember menggunakan sistem BIM. Penggunaan BIM yaitu dengan melakukan pemodelan menggunakan Revit dan perencanaan penjadwalan menggunakan Synchro Pro. Data penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang didapatkan dari Biro Bagian Perencanaan Universitas Jember. Dari analisis data yang telah dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa total anggaran biaya pembangunan Gedung Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Jember sebesar Rp 7,054,568,108.31 dengan rincian biaya pada pekerjaan struktur sebesar Rp 3,448,641,620.63 dan pekerjaan arsitektur sebesar Rp 3,605,926,487.68. Lama waktu yang dibutuhkan dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan Gedung Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Jember adalah 148 hari dengan start date 1 Januari 2020 finish date 27 Mei 2020.
Does Endovascular Repair for Blunt Traumatic Aortic Injuries Provide Better Outcomes Compared to Its Open Technique? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors:   Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, Gogna Shekhar , Gachabayov Mahir ,   Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, Goyal Priya ,   Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, Latifi Rifat ,   Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Traumatic aortic injuries are devastating events in terms of high mortality and morbidity in most survivors. We aimed to compare the outcomes of endovascular repair (ER) vs. open repair (OR) in the treatment of traumatic aortic injuries. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched. Postoperative mortality was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, hospital length of stay, operating time, paraplegia, stroke, acute renal failure, and reoperation rate. The Mantel-Haenszel method (random-effects model) with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR (95% CI)), and the inverse variance method with the mean difference (MD (95% CI)), were used to measure the effects of continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Results: A total of 49 studies involving 12,857 patients were included. Postoperative mortality was not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.459). Among secondary outcomes, the paraplegia rate was significantly lower after ER (p=0.032). Other secondary endpoints such as ICU length of stay (p=0.329), hospital length of stay (p=0.192), operating time (p=0.973), stroke rate (p=0.121), ARF rate (p=0.928), and reoperation rate (p=0.643) did not significantly differ between the two groups. Conclusion: This meta-analysis found that ER was associated with a reduced paraplegia rate compared to OR for the management of traumatic aortic injury.
Intravascular Lithotripsy in the Treatment of Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors:   Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, New York, Hatzis Christopher , George Justin ,   Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, New York, Ilonzo Nicole ,   Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, New York, New York, Price Lucyna ,   Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery,  Stony Brook Medicine Stony Brook, New York, Tadros Rami ,   Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, New York
Published: November 2021

Endovascular intervention has become first-line treatment for the majority of atherosclerotic lesions associated with peripheral artery disease. Traditionally, treatment modalities have included various types of balloon angioplasty and stenting. However, recent technological advancements have introduced the concept of endovascular lithotripsy as a novel alternative to angioplasty and stenting. This new addition to the armamentarium of surgeons and interventionalists has the potential to alter the treatment paradigm for patients with complex peripheral artery disease.
Cordana sinensis sp. nov. from southern China
Authors: Qiu Ling , Zhang Kai , Xu Zhao-Huan , Castañeda-Ruíz Rafael F. , Ma Jian
Published: November 2021

A new species, Cordana sinensis, is described and illustrated from a specimen collected on dead branches of an unidentified broadleaf tree in Jiangxi Province, China. It is characterized by its integrated, polyblastic conidiogenous cells that produce ovoid to obclavate, medially
1–2-septate pale brown, smooth conidia with a slightly prominent hilum. A dichotomous key and a synoptic table to Cordana species, are provided.
Checklist of the lichens of The Reserva Florestal Adolphe Ducke in Manaus (Amazonas, Brazil)
Authors: Aptroot André , Cavalcante Janice Gomes , Santos Lidiane Alves dos , Oliveira Junior Isaias , Lima Dayane de Oliveira , Cáceres Marcela Eugenia da Silva
Published: November 2021

Mycotaxon is pleased to add a new annotated species distribution list to our 146 previously posted free-access fungae. The 39-page "Checklist of the lichens of The Reserva Florestal Adolphe Ducke in Manaus" by Aptroot, Cavalcante, Santos, Junior, Lima, and Cáceres may be downloaded
from our website via http://www.mycotaxon.com/mycobiota/index.html
Implementasi Teknik Penilaian Blended Learning Pada Keterampilan Pembelajaran Fiqih Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Nasir Ahmad Khoirun
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the application of the skill aspect of blended learning assessment techniques in fiqh learning during the covid-19 pandemic at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ngabar Ponorogo. The method used in this study uses a qualitative approach. The data collection using interview and documentation techniques. The results of this study indicate that the learning concept used in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ngabar Ponorogo uses a combination of two learning systems, namely online and offline or blended learning. The technique for assessing the skill aspect of blended learning uses performance appraisal techniques or practices and products in fiqih learning during the covid-19 pandemic and in its implementation there are advantages and disadvantages. The conclusion of this study is that the learning of fiqh at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ngabar Ponorogo applies a blended learning model with techniques for assessing aspects of performance skills or practices and products that are going well even though there are shortcomings in implementation in the field during the covid-19 pandemic.
Fungsi Sistem Indera Manusia Perspektif Sains Terintegrasi Al-Qur’an dan Hadits
Authors: Siregar Ida Yustika , Tanjung Indayana Febriani , Maysarah Siti
Published: November 2021

Human basically only know a science only from experts, without realizing the source of that knowledge. Science is the application of the Qur’an and Hadith is the source of knowledge. This study determine the integration of the functions of the sensory system according to the integrated scientific view of the Qur'an and hadith. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with the producing descriptive data in the words obtained when looking for references from literature sources with a literature review approach (Library Research). The results of this study indicate that the function of the human sensory system according to science is only in the essence of hearing, seeing, smelling, feeling and touching. In science the human senses function as producers of perception and even as facilities for developing knowledge about something. Meanwhile, according to the Qur'an and hadith, the function of the human sensory system is as a facility for increasing the faith and piety of a servant to Allah SWT. Based on science, the Qur'an and hadith both function the human senses as a complementary facilities in developing knowledge so that a person further increases the essence of Allah presence in carrying out sensory functions.
The use of laser processing to protect metal packaging materials from corrosion in food environments
Authors: Базаркин Андрей Юрьевич , Бессараб Ольга Владимировна
Published: November 2021

Рассмотрены способы защиты металлов и сплавов, используемых в пищевой промышленности от электрохимической коррозии. Исследовано влияние электронной структуры металлов и сплавов на процесс электрохимической коррозии. Изучены виды поверхностных твердых растворов, применяемых для защиты и упрочнения деталей технологического оборудования. Разработанные поверхностные твердые растворы представляют собой твердые растворы переменного состава, сформированные в поверхностных слоях. В условиях одновременного электрохимического воздействия коррозионно-активных сред, перепада температур, внешних механических воздействий (термомеханоциклирование) поверхностные твердые растворы являются наиболее стабильной защитной системой по сравнению с покрытиями покровного, диффузионного и покровно-диффузионного видов. Рассмотрены способы защиты металлов и сплавов от электрохимической коррозии при помощи лазерной химико-термической обработки. После лазерной химико-термической обработки поверхность обрабатываемого металла изменяется и приобретает другие свойства, а именно: повышается коррозионная стойкость, а также термо- и износостойкость. Изучен выбор наиболее подходящего метода для защиты от электрохимической коррозии металлов от агрессивных сред пищевой продукции. Целью данного исследования являлось обобщение данных, полученных в ходе анализа влияния электронной структуры металлов и сплавов на процесс электрохимической коррозии.

Methods of protection of metals and alloys used in the food industry from electrochemical corrosion are considered. The influence of the electronic structure of metals and alloys on the process of electrochemical corrosion has been investigated. The types of surface solid solutions used to protect and harden parts of technological equipment have been studied. The developed surface solid solutions are solid solutions of variable composition formed in surface layers. Under conditions of simultaneous electrochemical action of corrosive media, temperature differences, external mechanical influences (thermo-mechanical cycling), surface solid solutions are the most stable protective system in comparison with coatings of cover, diffusion and cover-diffusion types. Methods of protecting metals and alloys from electrochemical corrosion using laser chemical-thermal treatment are considered. After laser chemical-thermal treatment, the surface of the processed metal changes and acquires other properties, namely, corrosion resistance, as well as thermal and wear resistance increases. The choice of the most suitable method for protection against electrochemical corrosion of metals from corrosive environments of food products has been studied. The purpose of this study was to generalize the data obtained in the course of analyzing the influence of the electronic structure of metals and alloys on the process of electrochemical corrosion.
New species and records of Afrotropical Campoletis Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae)
Authors: Vas Zoltán
Published: November 2021

In this paper two new species of Campoletis Förster, 1869 (Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) are described from Kenya: Campoletis clepsydra sp. n. and Campoletis kangalogba sp. n. Additionally, Campoletis cinctula (Holmgren, 1868), a species known only from South Africa so far, is first reported from Ethiopia, and further Ethiopian and South African records of Campoletis pedunculata (Enderlein, 1914) are given. With four figures.
Anemia fetal grave secundária a hemorragia feto-materna
Authors: Sens Marilin , Feuerschuette Otto Henrique May
Published: November 2021

Gestante de 28 anos, G2A1, tipagem sanguínea O Rh +, sem intercorrências no pré-natal. Com 39 semanas procura o atendimento em razão de pródromos de trabalho de parto. Durante atendimento, realizou-se cardiotocografia (CTG) categoria 1, e a paciente foi liberada após exame. Retornou após 5 horas em trabalho de parto, e durante a internação foi realizado CTG com padrão sinusoidal, categoria 3. Perante a hipótese de sofrimento fetal provavelmente associado a anemia fetal, realizou-se cesariana. Recém-nascido do sexo masculino, com 3345 g, índice de Apgar de 6 ao 1º minuto e de 7 ao 5º minuto, no qual foi realizada ventilação com pressão positiva em sala de parto em função de palidez cutaneomucosa e dessaturação. Foi transferido para unidade terapia intensiva neonatal, onde permaneceu internado por quatro dias com anemia grave (hemoglobina ao nascer de 4,8 g/dL). Durane a internação, foi feita uma transfusão sanguínea. Tipagem sanguínea do RN O+, teste de Coombs direto negativo. O estudo de infecções virais (citomegalovírus e parvovírus B19) e o teste de Kleihauer-Betke na mãe foram negativos. A hemorragia feto-materna consiste na transferência de sangue fetal para a circulação materna. A grande maioria é de sangramentos de pequeno volume sem significado hemodinâmico, mas que podem levar à aloimunização. É considerada grave quando há transferência de mais de 30 ml de sangue fetal. Considerada uma situação incomum, ocorre entre 0,02 a 1,7% das gestações e gera suspeita perante um feto com franca diminuição dos movimentos e que apresenta m traçado não reativo, com presença eventual de padrão sinusoidal e desacelerações tardias. O padrão de frequência cardíaca fetal (FCF) sinusoidal está fortemente associado à anemia fetal grave de qualquer causa e pode ser uma das primeiras manifestações de hemorragia feto-materna (HFM) maciça. Em uma revisão sistêmica de 32 casos de anemia fetal grave (hemoglobina fetal ou neonatal 1,9 a 7,2 g/dL ) associada com HFM, o padrão de FCF foi relatado como sinusoidal em 17 dos 24 casos.
Avaliação dos desfechos perinatais adversos relacionados a obesidade materna prévia e ganho de peso excessivo na gestação
Authors: Oliveira Antonia Aparecida Deluca de , Silva Rodrigo Ribeiro e , Grabovski Tassiana Cristina Martins , Carvalho Leonardo Souza de , Renzo Carla Christina , Silva Jean Carl
Published: November 2021

Introdução: A gestação é um período de grandes transformações para as mulheres, que é dinâmico nos seus aspectos fisiológicos, metabólicos ­e/­ou nutricionais. Nesse sentido, em razão da condição nutricional materna pré-gestacional e do ganho de peso durante a gestação, os desfechos maternos e neonatais podem ser diversos. Objetivo: Avaliar os desfechos perinatais adversos relacionados a obesidade prévia e ganho de peso excessivo materno. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, analítico e transversal, realizado no período de agosto a dezembro de 2020. A amostra foi composta de puérperas maiores de 18 anos. Os desfechos primários avaliados foram via de parto, diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG), doença hipertensiva da gestação (DHEG) e recém-nascidos grandes para a idade gestacional (GIG). As puérperas foram divididas em quatro grupos no que se refere à obesidade pré-gestacional (índice de massa corporal ≥30) e ao ganho de peso excessivo na gestação. No cálculo de razão de chance (RC), utilizou-se o intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%, ajustando-se os fatores de confusão: idade, cesariana prévia, tabagismo, alcoolismo e outras drogas. Resultados: As puérperas foram classificadas em grupo 1 (controle) — não obesas com ganho de peso não excessivo (n=767/45,9%), grupo 2 — obesas com ganho de peso não excessivo (n=192/11,5%), grupo 3 — não obesas com ganho de peso excessivo (n=521/31,2%) e grupo 4 — obesas com ganho de peso excessivo (n=190/11,3%). Observou-se que a via de parto não sofreu influência dos parâmetros analisados. As chances foram significativas de DMG nos grupos 2, com RC de 3,5 (IC95% 2,5-5,1), e grupo 4, com RC de 1,9 (IC95% 1,3-2,9), de DHEG com RC de 2,1 (IC 95% 1,2-3,7), de 1,9 (IC95% 1,2-3,0) e de 3,6 (IC95% 2,2-5,9) e recém-nascidos GIG com RC de 1,9 (IC95% 1,2-3,1), de 2,5 (IC95% 1,8-3,5) e de 2,4 (IC95% 1,6-3,8) nos grupos 2, 3 e 4, respectivamente. Conclusão: A via de parto não foi influenciada pela obesidade ou ganho de peso excessivo. A chance de DMG foi maior nos grupos 2 e 4, enquanto a chance de DHEG e recém-nascidos GIG foi maior nos três grupos analisados.
Penerapan Bimbingan Klasikal dengan Metode Brainstorming atau Curah Pendapat untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konseli Generasi Z pada Topik Dampak Smartphone dan Media Sosial di Kelas XII MIPA.1 Semester 1 SMAN 4 Kota Bima Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021
Authors: Sarifuddin Sarifuddin
Published: November 2021

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan dan dampak penerapan bimbingan klasikal dengan metode brainstorming atau curah pendapat untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konseli generasi Z pada  topik dampak smarpthone dan media sosial di kelas XII MIPA.1 semester I SMAN 4 Kota Bima  tahun pelajaran 2020/2021. Konseli atau siswa yang peneliti bimbing adalah masuk dalam generasi Z, generasi native digital yang lahir tahun 1995-2010. Memahami tentang dampak  smartphone dan media sosial dengan demikian sangat penting bagi generasi Z  untuk membantu  konseli memperoleh perkembangan yang normal,  memiliki  mental yang sehat. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa atau konseli kelas XII MIPA.1 SMAN 4 Kota semester I tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 sebanyak sebanyak 33 konseli, terdiri dari 15 laki-laki  orang dan 18 di Bima. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketuntasan klasikan 70% pada pra siklus meningkat pada siklus I menjadi 80% dan 91, 50% pada siklus II. Hasil tersebut membuktikan bahwa penerapan bimbingan klasikal dengan metode brainstorming atau curah pendapat dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konseli generasi Z pada  topik dampak smarpthone dan media sosial di kelas XII MIPA.1 semester I SMAN 4 Kota Bima  tahun pelajaran 2020/2021.
Relationship between menstrual abnormalities, anemia and hematological parameters among university students
Authors: Masood Baig Nimra , Naz Shaikh Saima , Ali Samo Ayaz , Bibi Sayed Raheela , Warsi Jamshed , Ali Laghari Zulfiqar
Published: November 2021

Objective: To determine the relationship between anemia, menstrual abnormalities and hematological parameters among students, who are studying at Sindh University and are the permanent residents of Hyderabad city. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out at physiology department, university of Sindh Jamshoro. Study duration was one year from August 2018 to July 2019. All participants were the permanent resident of Hyderabad, aged from 18 to 25 years, and willing to contribute in the study. The questionnaire was designed to elicit comprehensive responses from participants regarding hematological parameters and menstrual abnormalities. Menstrual abnormalities such as poly-menorrhea, menorrhagia, oligo-menorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and amenorrhea were determined using the menstrual history. Participants with a hemoglobin level of <12 gm/dl were deemed anemic. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 300 individuals were randomly selected for this study, and 283 of them agreed to have their blood drawn. The participants' average age was 20.99±1.87 years. Most of the participants had irregular cycle 44.52%, followed by oligomenorrhea 13.43%, Polymenorrhea 11.66% and remaining were normal. Hypomenorrhea was seen in 8.48% of the respondents while hypermenorrhea was seen in 7.42% of the respondents. 14.49% of females reported the duration of menstrual bleeding for fewer than three days, and 34.63% reported normal duration of menstrual bleeding. Longer menstrual bleeding days (>7 days) was 26.85% Anemia in the participants was 45.94%, out of this mild, moderate and severe anemia was 32.51%, 7.42% and 6.01% respectively. RBCs, HCT and WBCs were statistically significant in terms of menstrual abnormalities (P<0.05), whereas other hematological parameters remained statistically insignificant in terms of menstrual abnormalities (p->0.05). Conclusion: Prevalence of menstrual abnormalities and anemia were observed to be frequently high among female students of Sindh University’s permanent residents of Hyderabad. Key words: Menstrual patterns, menstrual abnormalities, Anemia, University students
Do Different Types of Anaesthesia for Cesarean Delivery cause Subacute Low Back Pain ?
Authors: G. Ali Mohamed , A. Mohammed Abeer , A. Soliman Mohammed , S. Mamoon Rehab , A. Sarhan Mohammed , M. Youssef Amel , M. Okeel Fahima
Published: November 2021

Background: Low back pain is a common complaint after cesarean delivery, different causes may be involved however they are poorly understood due to many confounders. Methodology: We performed this retrospective cohort study to assess the intensity of low back pain among 38 women (26 of them underwent cesarean delivery, assessed after 6 to 12 weeks from delivery date, they were classified into: epidural anaesthetic group (Group A) n.=6, spinal anaesthetic group (Group B) n.=13, general anaesthetic group (Group C) n.=7 and they were either primiparous or multiparous who did not receive any type of anaesthesia for at least one year prior to the last obstetric anaesthesia while the other 12 women were the control group (Group D) who didn’t experience any pregnancy or anaesthesia. Results: The mean values of visual analogue scale (VAS) in Group A, Group B, Group C, and Group D were 5.00 ±1.67, 4.62 ±1.12, 5.14 ±1.21, and 2.17 ±0.71, respectively. The ANOVA test revealed a significant difference in VAS among groups A, B, C, and D. Despite, the post-hoc test revealed a significant difference in VAS between group A versus group D, group B versus group D, and group C versus group D, but there were no significant differences between group A versus group B, group A versus group C, and group B versus group C. Conclusion: Cesarean delivery with different anaesthetic types as: epidural, spinal and general anaesthesia was associated with subacute low back pain without significant differences in pain intensity between these anaesthetic types. Key words: Neuraxial Anaesthesia, General Anaesthesia,Cesarean Delivery, Subacute Period, Low Back Pain.
Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases Among Obese Adults in Mosul City.
Authors: Faris Abdulghani Mohammed , Thanoon Al-Abachii Khaldoon
Published: November 2021

Objective: The present study's objective is to determine the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver among obese adults in Mosul City, Iraq. Methodology: A prospective study design was applied to achieve the present study's objectives for November 1, 2019, to March 1, 2020. The total sample size was 225. All subjects were selected purposively from outpatient clinics at Al-Salam Teaching Hospital, Ibn Sina Teaching Hospital, and Mosul General Hospital. Results: Among obese adults, the prevalence of NAFLD is 68%; among the 225 patients examined herein,153 had NAFLD. Parameter comparisons between NAFLD and without NAFLD subjects and indicated the mean BMI was (38.8±4) Kg/m2 and (34.1±2.4) Kg/m2, respectively. WC was (106.6±3.9) cm in the NAFLD group and (102.7±3.3) cm in the subject without the NAFLD group. The mean triceps skinfold thickness was (3.8±1.4) cm in the NAFLD group and (2.9±0.9) cm in the subject without the NAFLD group. All parameters had high significance. Recommendations: Further studies on large populations are needed to facilitate the generalization of the current findings. Keywords: Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic, Mosul