A sensor development for analyzing the interaction processes of charged particles and control of the radioactive elements content
Authors:   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), Goncharov Igor , Рukhaeva Nelli ,   Joint  Institute for Nuclear Research, Tlekhugov Astemir ,   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), Gutnov Amurkhan ,   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University)
Published: October 2024

Of great interest are the processes associated with the results of interaction of charged particles accelerated to energies of several giga-electron volts; they can be applied in the most modern science and technology. To obtain maximum information about the interaction of charged particles in accelerators, special radiation sensors are required that operate in the corresponding sections of the spectrum, both simple ones, such as cathode and photo luminescent detectors, and complex highly sensitive vacuum equipment that not only records even very weak radiation, but also significantly amplifies it. In this work, an automated calculation of the electron-optical and amplifying system of the device will be carried out, a photocathode will be selected, a design of the vacuum block of the sensor will be proposed, and its electric power supply modes will be indicated. Materials and methods. Theoretical analysis based on the studied specialized literature and practical work experience. Development of high-tech products using the automated design system. Optimization and system analysis. Results. An automated calculation of the electron-optical and amplifying system of a photomultiplier-type device with micro-channel amplification was performed, a photocathode was selected, and conditions for minimizing noise during radiation monitoring were provided. Based on the calculations performed, a design of the vacuum block of the sensor was proposed, its electrical power supply modes were specified, and technological issues were considered. Discussion. The modes of operation of the radiation sensor were identified, providing conditions for minimizing noise in operation, concerning the energy of photoelectrons approaching the secondary electron multipliers, the configuration of the signal beam. The design of the radiation sensor of the PMT type was developed, providing the required high levels of the main parameters: sensitivity threshold, signal gain coefficient, photoelectron collection coefficient, anode dark current, and response speed. Conclusion. A critical analysis of approaches to the study of the interaction process of charged particles and experimental means was carried out. The design of a highly efficient radiation sensor was developed, its optimization was carried out in terms of increasing the efficiency of interaction of photoelectrons with the amplification system. An assembly drawing of the vacuum block design was developed, the most important technological issues of its manufacture were resolved. Resume. The results of the work can be useful in setting up experiments to study the processes of interaction of particles accelerated to energies of several giga-electron volts, as well as in the development of devices using ultraviolet radiation, including medical ones.