bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Politisasi Agenda Keamanan Siber Pada Era Industri 4.0 di Forum Multilateral
Authors: Jose Hino Samuel
Published: July 2021

Keamanan siber dalam forum multilateral masih mengalami perdebatan dan tantangan hingga saat ini di tahun 2021. Forum multilateral selain menjadi sarana kerjasama bagi para negara untuk mencari solusi bersama juga menjadi ruang untuk para aktor mengedepankan politisasi kepentingan mereka dalam agenda multilateral. Isu strategis dan substantif dari keamanan siber hingga saat ini sudah meluas ke konflik geopolitik sehingga terjadi redefinisi dari alam keamanan siber itu sendiri yang berpengaruh ke forum multilateral. Artikel ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif menggunakan data sekunder untuk menganalisa berbagai sub konteks yang relevan. Artikel ini akan membahas bagaimana politisasi keamanan siber dilakukan di forum multilateral pada era 4.0. Artikel ini juga membahas mengenai peran pemerintah yang diredefinisi oleh kebutuhan akan peran industri dan non-state actor dalam dinamika multilateral untuk agenda keamanan siber.
Figurative language in the time of Covid: English (Anglo-American) proverbs in the Coronavirus Corpus)
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dronov P.S.
Published: July 2021

The paper deals with the influence of the COVID pandemic on the English (not specifically Anglo-American) paremiology. Based on the novel Coronavirus Corpus compiled by Mark Davies’ team, the paper analyses metalinguistic use of proverbs (usually preceded by the parenthetic formula there is a proverb that says), as well as their variability exemplified by that of two proverbs, Handsome is as handsome does and Adversity/politics makes strange bedfellows. The primary conclusion is that the epidemiological crisis is reflected in lexicogrammatical changes of proverbs and in variants of phraseoschemata.
Optimalisasi Pemanfataan Potensi Laut Desa Buladu Kecamatan Sumalata Timur Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara
Authors: Lihawa Fitriane , Sahami Femy M
Published: July 2021

Desa Buladu merupakan salah satu desa di Kecamatan Sumalata Timur Kabupaten Gotrontalo Utara yang berbatasan langsung dengan Laut Sulawesi. Desa ini tentu memiliki potensi laut yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menunjang perekonomian masyarakat, namun di sisi lain desa ini memiliki potensi pertambangan emas rakyat. Kecenderungan yang terjadi adalah masyarakat Desa Buladu lebih lebih banyak memilih bekerja di pertambangan. Sementara kegiatan pertambangan emas dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Melalui program pemberdayaan masyarakat ini, diharapkan masyarakat dapat mengembangkan potensi laut untuk peningkatan ekonomi serta diharapkan pula ke depan masyarakat dapat beralih dari kegiatan pertambangan ke kegiatan produktif lainnya. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian yang dikemas dalam program Kuliah Kerja Sibermas (KKS) Tematik yang melibatkan mahasiswa dan dosen adalah ini adalah melakukan upaya optimalisasi pemanfaatan potensi laut melalui pembuatan demplot budidaya rumput laut dan pemanfaatan ikan teri (gisau) menjadi rempeyek. Metode yang diterapkan berupa transfer pengetahuan dan teknologi melalui teknik pembelajaran partisipatif dan praktek langsung dalam pembuatan demplot budidaya rumput laut dan pengolahan ikan gisau menjadi rempeyek. Luaran dari kegiatan ini adalah ditemukannya permasalahan masyarakat dalam budidaya rumput laut dan terciptanya produk olahan gisau. Target jangka panjang yang diharapkan adalah produk olahan gisau menjadi salah satu produk yang dapat menjadi mata pencaharian pencaharian alternative yang dapat menjadi usaha bisnis produk khas Desa Buladu.
Pembuatan Pakan Komplit Silfer dan Pupuk Organik sebagai Alternatif Penyedia Pakan dan Pupuk Bagi Petanipada Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Bahri Syamsul , Nurmi Nurmi
Published: July 2021

Upaya peningkatan produksi pertanian untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan menghadapi tantangan besar terutama dalam hal penyediaan pakan berkualitas tinggi dan penyediaan pupuk yang ramah lingkungan.  Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penyuluhan tentang manajemen pemeliharaan sapi potong, kesehatan ternak, seleksi dan perkawinan ternak dan pelatihan teknologi pembuatan pakan ternak sapi potong (pakan komplit silfer), memberikan penyuluhan tentang budidaya tanaman pangandan pelatihan tentang teknologi pembuatan pupuk tanaman pangan (pupuk organik), memberikan sosialisasi pencegahan wabah penyakit covid-19, dan membantu program-program Kecamatan terutama yang berkaitan dengan disiplin ilmu setiap mahasiswa peserta Proyek di Desa “Kampus Merdeka”. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan meliputi: persiapan, pembekalan, dan pelatihan.  Pelaksanaan pelatihan pembuatan pakan komplit silfer dan pembuatan pupuk organik dilakukan oleh mahasiswa didampingi oleh dosen pembimbing lapangan.Pembuatan pakan komplit silfer yaitu dengan melayukan bahan-bahan berupa tanaman yang baru dipanen selama 3-12 jam untuk mengurangi kandungan airnya, mencacah tanaman dengan ukuran 1-5 cm, mencampur bahan yang sudah dicacah dengan bahan konsentrat lainnya lalu dimasukkan kedalam silo atau kantung plastik lalu dipadatkan dan ditutup rapat. Proses fermentasi berlangsung selama 21 hari.Metode pembuatan pupuk organik padat menggunakan metode fermentasi dengan bahan baku limbah ternak dan limbah tanaman. Pembuatan pupuk organik dilakukan dengan cara semua bahan dicampurkan secara merata dan dimasukkan kedalam wadah kompos. Pemeraman berlangsung dalam waktu 21 hari, dimana setiap minggu dilakukan pembalikan hingga proses pengomposan dapat berlansung secara baik.  Adapun pembuatan pupuk organik cair menggunakan bahan dasar air kelapa yang difermentase dengan bantuan mikroba.Hasil pengabdian berupa pakan komplit silfer dan pupuk organik yang siap digunakan oleh mitra.Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwapembuatan pakan komplit silfer dan pupuk organik di Kecamatn Tilongkabila dapat menjadi alternatif penyedia pakan ternak dan pupuk bagi petani
Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Air sebagai Pembangkit Listrik Skala Pico untuk Menunjang Belajar, Kekerja dan Berkarya
Authors: Amali Lanto Mohamad Kamil , Mohamad Yasin , Ntobuo Nova Elysia
Published: July 2021

Energi terbarukan merupakan energi alternatif untuk masa depan. Potensi akan energi terbarukan di Indonesia sangatlah besar, salah satunya adalah Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air (PLTA). Pembangkit Listrik dengan nilai daya untuk di bawah 5000 W merupakan masuk kategori picohydro. Aliran sungai yang ada di setiap kampung di Indonesia menjadi potensi besar dalam mengembangkan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Picohydro. Sebagai mahasiswa dituntut untuk dapat melakukan dan mengaplikasikan ilmu atau keahliannya kepada masyarakat. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari akademisi, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo mengirimkan mahasiswanya ke suatu tempat yang layak untuk dikembangkan. Pembangunan picohydro ini dilaksanankan di Dusun Tumba, Desa Tamaila Utara, Kecamatan Tolangohula, Kabupaten Gorontalo, Provinsi Gorontalo.
Meningkatkan Ketersediaan Air Masa Pandemi COVID 19 di Kecamatan Anggrek Gorontalo Utara
Authors: Husnan Rawiyah , Desei Frice
Published: July 2021

Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat dalam bentuk Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) – Kampus Merdeka  ini bertujuan untuk membantu masyarakat dan menumbuh kembangkan partisipasi dan kemandirian masyarakat dalam meningkatkan ketersediaan air terutama dimasa pandemi Covid 19. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dalam bentuk Pendampingan Penyediaan Fasilitas untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan air dan upaya-upaya konservasi air untuk mendukung pemenuhan air bersih dalam masa Pandemi Covid 19 serta pelestarian lingkungan di Kecamatan Anggrek Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara. Target yang diharapkan tercapai melalui kegiatan ini adalah meningkatnya ketersediaan air melalui pemanenan air hujan, serta upaya konservasi air melalui pembuatan sumur resapan serta biopori.  Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah sosialisasi dan pendampingan. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah tersedianya Sistem Pemanenan Air Hujan (PAH) di Desa Iloheluma, Sistem resapan biopori di Desa Tolango serta adanya Sumur Resapan di Desa Tolongio. Disamping itu dengan selesainya kegitan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan pengetahuan masyarakat serta masyarakat termotivasi untuk  melakukan upaya-upaya meningkatkan ketersediaan  dan konservasi air secara mandiri  untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih untuk peningkatan kesehatan masyarakat       pelestarian lingkungan terutama kekestarian sumber daya air di Kecamatan Anggrek Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara.
Implementasi Teori Konstruktivisme Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Di Rumah Untuk Siswa Menengah Pertama Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Desa Huyula Kecamatan Randangan Kabupaten Pohuwato
Authors: Hulukati Evi , Payu Muhammad Rezky Friesta
Published: July 2021

Esensi dari para ahli mengantarkan model pembelajaran konstruktivisme menjadi pilihan yang tepat dalam menjalankan proses pembelajaran matematika di masa pandemi, hal ini dikarenakan konstruktivisme merupakan suatu model pembelajaran yang menjadikan siswa sebagai peserta didik aktif untuk membangun sendiri pengetahuannya. Melatih mahasiswa mengimplementasikan kegiatan Tridharma Perguruan Tinggi yaitu Pendidikan dan Pengajaran, Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat dalam waktu yang bersamaan. Di mana pada kegiatan ini mahasiswa adalah Tutor untuk masyarakat dalam rangka pembuatan media dan pada saat bersamaan mahasiswa melakukan penelitian serta berinteraksi dengan masyarakat melalui kegiatan pendataan dan pelatihan, melatih mahasiswa agar memiliki komitmen terhadap tujuan KKN yang ditujukan untuk memberikan pelayanan yang berkualitas pada individu, keluarga dan komunitas/masyarakat dan mendorong partisipasi mahasiswa untuk mengaplikasikan program pemerintah di masyarakat, Mendorong partisipasi masyarakat agar turut aktif dalam proses pemanfaatan bahan bekas dalam penyediaan media pembelajaran untuk mengenalkan konsep matematika awal pada masa pandemi dan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman masyarakat tentang arti penting dari model pembelajaran dalam mengenal konsep matematika. Adapun yang mejadi hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah Luaran praktis Terimplementasinya model pembelajaran konstruktivisme dalam pembelajaran matematika pada siswa di desa Huyula Kab. Pohuwato dan Luaran wajib yaitu laporan hasil pelaksanaan KKN, catatan harian kegiatan, catatan keuangan, laporan kegiatan mahasiswa, Publikasi media massa.
Implementasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Pemasaran Berbasis Digitalisasi Bilingual Pada Sentra Usaha Kecil Menengah Karawo Di Kabupaten Bone Bolango
Authors: Usu Novi Rusnarty , Danial Haris
Published: July 2021

Tujuan umum kegiatan ini adalah 1) Mahasiswa memperoleh pengalaman belajar dalam masyarakat yang secara langsung menemukan, merumuskan, memecahkan, dan menanggulangi permasalahan yang terdapat di lapangan; 2) Mahasiswa dapat memberikan pemikiran dalam menumbuhkan dan mempercepat gerak dalam menyiapkan kader di masa depan; 3) Mahasiswa bisa menjadi lebih kompeten dalam menyikapi permasalahan yang dihadapi masyarakat Lokasi sasaran dalam kegiatan ini adalah Desa Dunggala yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Bone Bolango. Jumlah mahasiswa dalam kegiatan ini adalah 30 orang berasal dari Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris. Luaran yang dihasilkan dari KKN ini adalah: 1)Manual book/ panduan aplikasi :a). Penjualan online (website bilingual); b). Desain grafis (Corel Draw dan Photoshop); c).Spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel); Artikel ilmiah hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan akan diterbitkan pada jurnal Pengabdian nasional ber ISSN/Prosiding.
Pemberdayaan Dan Pemanfaatan Tanaman Toga untuk Produk Minuman Immunostimulan di Masa Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Tuloli Teti S , Taupik Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Kondisi di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa selama ini pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan sumberdaya perdesaan sebagian besar dilakukan oleh laki-laki, mulai dari kegiatan di bidang pertanian, peternakan, industri kecil dan menengah, koperasi, dan kegiatan lain yang sifatnya kegiatan ekonomi. Padahal perempuan sebagai anggota masyarakat juga mempunyai hak untuk ikut serta dalam pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan sumberdaya perdesaan, meskipun kemungkinan peran perempuan tidak sebesar peran laki-laki. Oleh karena itu diperlukan adanya berbagai program yang dapat dilakukan perempuan dalam rangka peningkatan kesejahteraan keluarga dengan memanfaatkan dan mengelola lingkungan sekitarnya. Salah satu program yang dapat dilaksanakan oleh perempuan dalam upaya peningkatan kesejahteraan industri rumah tangga, khususnya di bidang pangan adalah program penanaman dan pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Keluarga (TOGA).Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat  dimasa pandemi covid 19 sekaligus menyediakan obat yang lebih murah dan efek samping yang lebih ringan. Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah dan praktik atau demonstrasi. Sehingga masyarakat dapat mempraktikkan secara langsung dan menerapkan dalam  rumah tangga. Dalam pelaksanaannya disampaikan metode pengolahan tanaman TOGA sehingga menjadi minuman immunostimulan yang menyehatkan maupun bagaimana cara menanamnya. Disamping itu juga bagaimana cara mengelola keuangan hasil penjualan hasil pengelohan tanaman TOGA tersebut. Bagaimana strategi pemasarannya kepada masyarakat atau konsumen yang membutuhkan sehingga bisa menghasilkan keuntungan.
TD 2667 -A função do estado no setor de energia nos países da OCDE: equilibrando a segurança energética, a eficiência e a sustentabilidade
Authors: Gutierrez Maria Bernadete G. P. Sarmiento
Published: July 2021

As reformas liberalizantes ocorridas nos países da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) e nos países emergentes a partir da década de 1990 no setor de energia reduziram a participação do Estado como proprietário, mas não nas funções de regulação, coordenação e planejamento. Destaca-se também que a transição para uma economia de baixo carbono, impondo-se de forma inequívoca no século XXI, ampliou a agenda do Estado nesse setor, em particular no alcance do Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) 7: energia acessível e limpa. De forma geral, o Estado ainda permanece como um ator fundamental no setor de energia, na busca da segurança energética, da eficiência e da sustentabilidade. Em um primeiro momento, este trabalho define a racionalidade, a participação e a diversidade da atuação do Estado no setor de energia; ao mesmo tempo, sugere que a participação estatal pode e deve coexistir com o setor privado de forma harmônica e complementar, aumentando a eficiência. Em um segundo momento, explora-se a base de dados da OCDE Indicators of Product Market Regulation (PMR) para o setor de energia. Esses indicadores são analisados à luz das reformas liberalizantes e das estruturas de governança de países selecionados, estabelecendo, assim, uma comparação entre o Brasil e os países da OCDE em termos de propriedade estatal, aspectos regulatórios e liberalização.
TD 2668 - Globalização, desglobalização e o Brasil
Authors: Baumann Renato
Published: July 2021

As últimas três décadas testemunharam mudanças importantes nas facilidades de transporte, de comunicações e de processamento de dados, com efeitos sobre os processos produtivos, os fluxos comerciais e a movimentação internacional de capitais. Do ponto de vista das economias em desenvolvimento, a recomendação passou a ser que aderir a esse processo poderia ser instrumento fundamental para estimular o desenvolvimento econômico e social. No caso da economia brasileira, a participação no processo de globalização foi limitada até aqui, exceto no tocante ao movimento de capitais. A participação no comércio de mercadorias permanece baixa, e o número de acordos preferenciais ainda é comparativamente reduzido. Não foi possível reduzir a “distância econômica” em relação às economias de alta renda.
TD 2669 - Investimento externo direto na América Latina: o papel dos acordos de investimento
Authors: Araújo Júnior Ignácio Tavares de
Published: July 2021

Com exceção do Brasil, os países da América Latina expandiram consideravelmente suas redes de tratados bilaterais de investimento (TBIs), durante os anos 1990, na busca de ampliar o ingresso de investimento estrangeiro direto (IED). Apesar de a teoria sobre o tema prever uma relação positiva entre o ingresso de IED e a celebração desses acordos, a literatura empírica não é conclusiva a respeito de quais impactos os TBIs exercem sobre o IED, tornando incertos os efeitos que esses acordos geraram nas decisões de investimento para a região. Este artigo contribui para literatura sobre o tema ao analisar como esses acordos têm contribuído para o volume de IED greenfield nos países da América Latina. Um modelo gravitacional foi estimado para essa finalidade e os resultados indicam que, para os países latino-americanos, os TBIs não têm efeito estatisticamente significativo sobre o IED. Os tamanhos das economias, o crescimento econômico, o grau de abertura comercial e a similaridade do retorno do capital têm explicado por que esse tipo de IED tem sido direcionado para os países da região. Evidenciou-se, ainda, que países com a melhor qualidade regulatória atraem mais IED. Países que ratificaram TBIs e que mais responderam por alguma reclamação em tribunal de arbitragem têm seus fluxos de investimento reduzidos. Por fim, levando em conta efeitos fixos setoriais, a estimação do modelo gravitacional sugeriu que os TBIs não têm efeito positivo em investimentos nos setores industrial, de serviços e relacionados à extração de recursos naturais.
OGLE-2018-BLG-1185b: A Low-mass Microlensing Planet Orbiting a Low-mass Dwarf
Authors: Kondo Iona , Yee Jennifer C. , Bennett David P. , Sumi Takahiro , Koshimoto Naoki , Bond Ian A. , Gould Andrew , Udalski Andrzej , Shvartzvald Yossi , Jung Youn Kil , Zang Weicheng , Bozza Valerio , Bachelet Etienne , Hundertmark Markus P. G. , Rattenbury Nicholas J. ,   (Leading Authors), Abe F. , Barry R. , Bhattacharya A. , Donachie M. , Fukui A. , Fujii H. , Hirao Y. , Silva S. Ishitani , Itow Y. , Kirikawa R. , Li M. C. A. , Matsubara Y. , Miyazaki S. , Muraki Y. , Olmschenk G. , Ranc C. , Satoh Y. , Shoji H. , Suzuki D. , Tanaka Y. , Tristram P. J. , Yamawaki T. , Yonehara A. ,   (The MOA Collaboration), Mróz P. , Poleski R. , Skowron J. , Szymański M. K. , Soszyński I. , Kozłowski S. , Pietrukowicz P. , Ulaczyk K. , Rybicki K. A. , Iwanek P. , Wrona M. ,   (The OGLE Collaboration), Albrow M. D. , Chung S.-J. , Han C. , Hwang K.-H. , Kim H.-W. , Shin I.-G. , Cha S.-M. , Kim D.-J. , Kim S.-L. , Lee C.-U. , Lee D.-J. , Lee Y. , Park B.-G. , Pogge R. W. , Ryu Y.-H. ,   (The KMTNet Collaboration), Beichman C. A. , Bryden G. , Novati S. Calchi , Carey S. , Gaudi B. S. , Henderson C. B. , Zhu W. ,   (The Spitzer Team), Maoz D. , Penny M. T. ,   (The LCO Follow-up Team), Dominik M. , Jørgensen U. G. , Longa-Peña P. , Peixinho N. , Sajadian S. , Skottfelt J. , Snodgrass C. , Tregloan-Reed J. , Burgdorf M. J. , Campbell-White J. , Dib S. , Fujii Y. I. , Hinse T. C. , Khalouei E. , Rahvar S. , Rabus M. , Southworth J. ,   (The MiNDSTEp Collaboration), Tsapras Y. , Street R. A. , Bramich D. M. , Cassan A. , Horne K. , Wambsganss J. , Mao S. , Saha A. ,   (The ROME/REA Project Team)
Published: July 2021

We report an analysis of the planetary microlensing event OGLE-2018-BLG-1185, which was observed by a large number of ground-based telescopes and by the Spitzer Space Telescope. The ground-based light curve indicates a low planet–host star mass ratio of q = (6.9 ± 0.2) × 10−5, which is near the peak of the wide-orbit exoplanet mass-ratio distribution. We estimate the host star and planet masses with a Bayesian analysis using the measured angular Einstein radius under the assumption that stars of all masses have an equal probability of hosting the planet. The flux variation observed by Spitzer is marginal, but still places a constraint on the microlens parallax. Imposing a conservative constraint that this flux variation should be Δf
Spz < 4 instrumental flux units yields a host mass of

M

host

=

0.37

−
0.21

+
0.35

M

⊙

and a planet mass of

m

p

=

8.4

−
4.7

+
7.9

M

⊕

. A Bayesian analysis including the full parallax constraint from Spitzer suggests smaller host star and planet masses of

M

host

=

0.091

−
0.018

+
0.064

M

⊙

and

m

p

=

2.1

−
0.4

+
1.5

M

⊕

, respectively. Future high-resolution imaging observations with the Hubble Space Telescope or Extremely Large Telescope could distinguish between these two scenarios and help reveal the planetary system properties in more detail.
A Comparison between Nuclear Ring Star Formation in LIRGs and in Normal Galaxies with the Very Large Array
Authors: Song Y. , Linden S. T. , Evans A. S. , Barcos-Muñoz L. , Privon G. C. , Yoon I. , Murphy E. J. , Larson K. L. , Díaz-Santos T. , Armus L. , Mazzarella Joseph M. , Howell J. , Inami H. , Torres-Albà N. , U V. , Charmandaris V. , McKinney J. , Kunneriath D. , Momjian E.
Published: July 2021

Nuclear rings are excellent laboratories for studying intense star formation. We present results from a study of nuclear star-forming rings in five nearby normal galaxies from the Star Formation in Radio Survey (SFRS) and four local LIRGs from the Great Observatories All-sky LIRG Survey at sub-kiloparsec resolutions using Very Large Array high-frequency radio continuum observations. We find that nuclear ring star formation (NRSF) contributes 49%–60% of the total star formation of the LIRGs, compared to 7%–40% for the normal galaxies. We characterize a total of 57 individual star-forming regions in these rings, and find that with measured sizes of 10–200 pc, NRSF regions in the LIRGs have star formation rate (SFR) and ΣSFR up to 1.7 M
⊙ yr−1 and 402 M
⊙ yr−1 kpc−2, respectively, which are about 10 times higher than in NRSF regions in the normal galaxies with similar sizes, and comparable to lensed high-z star-forming regions. At ∼100–300 pc scales, we estimate low contributions (<50%) of thermal free–free emission to total radio continuum emission at 33 GHz in the NRSF regions in the LIRGs, but large variations possibly exist at smaller physical scales. Finally, using archival sub-kiloparsec resolution CO (J = 1–0) data of nuclear rings in the normal galaxies and NGC 7469 (LIRG), we find a large scatter in gas depletion times at similar molecular gas surface densities, which tentatively points to a multimodal star formation relation on sub-kiloparsec scales.
Evolution of the Water Snow Line in Magnetically Accreting Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Mori Shoji , Okuzumi Satoshi , Kunitomo Masanobu , Bai Xue-Ning
Published: July 2021

The low water content of the terrestrial planets in the solar system suggests that the protoplanets formed within the water snow line. Accurate prediction of the snow line location moving with time provides a clue to constraining the formation process of the planets. In this paper, we investigate the migration of the snow line in protoplanetary disks whose accretion is controlled by laminar magnetic fields, which have been proposed by various nonideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. We propose an empirical model of the disk temperature based on our nonideal MHD simulations, which show that the accretion heating is significantly less efficient than that in turbulent disks, and calculate the snow line location over time. We find that the snow line in magnetically accreting laminar disks moves inside the current Earth’s orbit within 1 Myr after star formation, whereas the time for the conventional turbulent disk is much longer than 1 Myr. This result suggests that either the rocky protoplanets formed in such an early phase of the disk evolution, or the protoplanets moved outward to the current orbits after they formed close to the protosun.
Fallback Accretion Model for the Years-to-decades X-Ray Counterpart to GW170817
Authors: Ishizaki Wataru , Ioka Kunihito , Kiuchi Kenta
Published: July 2021

A new component was reported in the X-ray counterpart to the binary neutron star merger and gravitational-wave event GW170817, exceeding the afterglow emission from an off-axis structured jet. The afterglow emission from the kilonova/macronova ejecta may explain the X-ray excess but exceeds the radio observations if the spectrum is the same. We propose a fallback accretion model that a part of ejecta from the neutron star merger falls back and forms a disk around the central compact object. In the super-Eddington accretion phase, the X-ray luminosity stays near the Eddington limit of a few solar masses and the radio is weak, as observed. This will be followed by a power-law decay. The duration of the constant luminosity phase conveys the initial fallback timescale t
0 in the past. The current multiyear duration requires t
0 > 3–30 s, suggesting that the disk wind rather than the dynamical ejecta falls back after the jet launch. Future observations in the next decades will probe the timescale of t
0 ∼ 10–104 s, around the time of extended emission in short gamma-ray bursts. The fallback accretion has not been halted by the r-process heating, implying that fission is weak on the year scale. We predict that the X-ray counterpart will disappear in a few decades due to the r-process halting or the depletion of fallback matter.
Economic costs of biological invasions in Ecuador: the importance of the Galapagos Islands
Authors: Ballesteros-Mejia Liliana , Angulo Elena , Diagne Christophe , Cooke Brian , Nuñez Martin A. , Courchamp Franck
Published: July 2021

Biological invasions, as a result of human intervention through trade and mobility, are the second biggest cause of biodiversity loss. The impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) on the environment are well known, however, economic impacts are poorly estimated, especially in mega-diverse countries where both economic and ecological consequences of these effects can be catastrophic. Ecuador, one of the smallest mega-diverse countries, lacks a comprehensive description of the economic costs of IAS within its territory. Here, using "InvaCost", a public database that compiles all recorded monetary costs associated with IAS from English and Non-English sources, we investigated the economic costs of biological invasions. We found that between 1983 and 2017, the reported costs associated with biological invasions ranged between US$86.17 million (when considering only the most robust data) and US$626 million (when including all cost data) belonging to 37 species and 27 genera. Furthermore, 99% of the recorded cost entries were from the Galapagos Islands. From only robust data, the costliest identified taxonomic group was feral goats (Capra hircus; US$20 million), followed by Aedes mosquitoes (US$2.14 million) while organisms like plant species from the genus Rubus, a parasitic fly (Philornis downsi), black rats (Rattus rattus) and terrestrial gastropods (Achatina fulica) represented less than US$2 million each. Costs of "mixed-taxa" (i.e. plants and animals) represented the highest (61% of total robust costs; US$52.44 million). The most impacted activity sector was the national park authorities, which spent about US$84 million. Results from robust data also revealed that management expenditures were the major type of costs recorded in the Galapagos Islands; however, costs reported for medical losses related to Aedes mosquitoes causing dengue fever in mainland Ecuador would have ranked first if more detailed information had allowed us to categorize them as robust data. Over 70% of the IAS reported for Ecuador did not have reported costs. These results suggest that costs reported here are a massive underestimate of the actual economic toll of invasions in the country.
'Waiting for the Master's Dams to Crack': Hydro-dependency, Water Autonomy and World-literature
Authors: Deckard Sharae
Published: July 2021

This article examines 'hydro-dependency' in the neo-liberal era, exploring the cultural patterning and representations corresponding to the socio-ecological relations organising the extraction, production and consumption of water, both as commodity and as energy in the neo-liberal regime
of the capitalist world-ecology. I investigate how specific infrastructures of riparian water management and hydropower – the pipeline and the dam – are mediated in world-literary hydropoetry and hydrofiction and the ways in which they are depicted as producing path-dependence
and asymmetric distribution, often through tropes that evoke pathologised social addiction or exhaustion. However, I also demonstrate how texts reconceive water in terms of interdependence and hydrosocial interrelation, thus countering the hegemonic discourses through which flowing water is
transformed into exchangeable, quantifiable commodities or forms of energy. As such, I argue that these water-insurgent texts turn on a dialectical tension between hydrodependency and autonomy that mediates the contradictions facing the appropriation strategies of the neo-liberal hydrological
regime.
Lean and obese microbiota: differences in in vitro fermentation of food-by-products
Authors: de Souza C. Bussolo , Saad S. M. I. , Venema K.
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate the potential prebiotic effects of food-by-products (cassava bagasse (n=3), orange bagasse (n=2) and passion fruit peel (n=3)) using an in vitro model simulating the proximal colon, and to assess possible differences in fermentation when using faecal microbiota from lean or obese people. Fermentation of the by-products was compared to a control medium and the prebiotic inulin. The effects of the by-products on the dynamics of the gut microbiota differed according to the type of microbiota, as well as the type of by-product used. Principal Coordinate Analysis of the microbiota showed evidence of a clear separate clustering of lean and obese microbiota before the addition of substrates, which disappeared after fermentation, and instead, distinct clusters due to primary carbohydrate composition of the by-products (starch, fructan and pectin) were present. This is evidence that the substrates drove the obese microbiota to a healthier profile, more similar to that of the lean microbiota. Cassava bagasses enriched the beneficial genus Bifidobacterium in the obese microbiota. The production of total SCFA by cassava bagasses by the obese microbiota was higher than for control medium and inulin. Orange bagasses stimulated the growth of the butyrate-producing genus Coprococcus. Passion fruit peels were poorly fermented and generated negligible amounts of intermediate metabolites, indicating slow fermentation. Nevertheless, passion fruit peel fermentation resulted in a microbiota with the highest diversity and evenness, a positive trait regarding host health. In conclusion, the use of food-by-products could be an important step to tackle obesity and decrease the waste of valuable food material and consequently environmental pollution. They are an inexpensive and non-invasive way to be used as a dietary intervention to improve health, as they were shown here to drive the composition of the obese microbiota to a healthier profile.
Plastics value chain - Abatement of greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Kajaste R. ,   School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland, Oinas P.
Published: July 2021

This study focuses on the possibilities to abate greenhouse gas emissions in the value chain of plastics with special emphasis on efficiency improvements in the virgin plastics production and to recycle or reuse/regenerate plastics from waste streams. The study is restricted to the plastics and their intermediates produced in annual quantities over 20 million tons (Mt) on global scale. The chemicals and polymers considered include intermediate feedstocks ammonia, methanol, ethene and propene, polyolefins polyethylene and polypropylene, and other included polymers are polyester, polyamide and acrylic fibres, polyvinylchloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane resin and polystyrene. Improved efficiency in the virgin plastic value chain has the potential to reduce global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 531 Mt CO2eq/y, provided that all of the current global production is upgraded to meet the European Union's best benchmarked facilities. These improvements would mean a 15.4% reduction of all global chemical sector emissions. The evaluation of probability for all global production facilities to reach the EU benchmarked values is excluded as unclear. Increasing the global recycling rate of plastics from the current 18% to 42% would reduce global greenhouse gas emissions by 142.3 Mt CO2eq /a, provided that the segregation of recyclable materials is improved, and that incineration is not increased. These downstream improvements would mean a 4% reduction of all global chemical sector emissions and reduce the accumulation of plastics not only on land but also in the oceans.
Impact of estrogen population pharmacokinetics on a QSP model of mammary stem cell differentiation into myoepithelial cells
Authors: Le Sauteur-Robitaille Justin , Yu Zhe Si , Craig Morgan
Published: July 2021

Stem cell differentiation cascades are critical components of healthy tissue maintenance. Dysregulation in these systems can lead to serious diseases, including cancer. Myoepithelial mammary cells are produced from differentiated mammary stem cells in processes regulated, in part, by estrogen signalling and concentrations. To quantify and predict the production of mammary myoepithelial cell production by estrogen, we developed a mechanistic, quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model that includes the explicit characterization of free and unbound estrogen concentrations in circulation. Linking this model to a previously developed population pharmacokinetics model for ethinyl estradiol, a synthetic form of estrogen included in oral contraceptives, we predicted the effects of estrogen on myoepithelial cell development. Interestingly, pharmacokinetic intraindividual variability alone did not significantly impact on our modelos predictions, suggesting that combinations of physiological and pharmacokinetic variability drive heterogeneity in mechanistic QSP models. Our model is one component of an improved understanding of mammary myoepithelial cell production and development, and our results support the call for mechanistically constructed systems models for disease and pharmaceutical modelling.
Existence and subharmonicity of solutions for nonsmooth $ p $-Laplacian systems
Authors: Ning Yan ,   School of Mathematical Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China, Lu Daowei , Mao Anmin ,   Department of Mathematics, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong 273155, China
Published: July 2021

In this paper we study nonlinear periodic systems driven by the vectorial $ p $-Laplacian with a nonsmooth locally Lipschitz potential function. Using variational methods based on nonsmooth critical point theory, some existence of periodic and subharmonic results are obtained, which improve and extend related works.
MapReduce-Based Crow Search-Adopted Partitional Clustering Algorithms for Handling Large-Scale Data
Authors: Karthikeyani Visalakshi N.  , Shanthi S.  , Lakshmi K.
Published: July 2021

Cluster analysis is the prominent data mining technique in knowledge discovery and it discovers the hidden patterns from the data. The K-Means, K-Modes and K-Prototypes are partition based clustering algorithms and these algorithms select the initial centroids randomly. Because of its random selection of initial centroids, these algorithms provide the local optima in solutions. To solve these issues, the strategy of Crow Search algorithm is employed with these algorithms to obtain the global optimum solution. With the advances in information technology, the size of data increased in a drastic manner from terabytes to petabytes. To make proposed algorithms suitable to handle these voluminous data, the phenomena of parallel implementation of these clustering algorithms with Hadoop Mapreduce framework. The proposed algorithms are experimented with large scale data and the results are compared in terms of cluster evaluation measures and computation time with the number of nodes.
Prediction and Anticipation Features-Based Intellectual Assistant in Location-Based Services
Authors: Gupta Ajay Kr. , Shanker Udai
Published: July 2021

Intellectual assistant in a location based service (LBS) is considered here as assistive technology in healthcare system for helping users with sensory, physical or intellectual diminished capabilities. The proposed system has the speculative computation module which helps in orientation for predicting the users’ error and alerting them for ensuring a true traveling direction well in advance for the handicapped people of mild to moderate condition of disability in earlier phases of cognitive disabilities. A person with cognitive impairments has the Trajectory (T) associated with them which is a sequenced set of past global positioning system (GPS) points. The implementation and evaluation of the trajectory data mining method have been done for the purpose of achieving the travel route to the user preferences. For the simulation of proposed system, a client server queuing model has been used. The results show the minimization of the overhead with better precision as compared to earlier existing path guiding systems.
Models for Efficient Utilization of Resources for Upgrading Android Mobile Technology
Authors: Jain Abha , Bansal Ankita
Published: July 2021

The need of the customers to be connected to the network at all times has led to the evolution of mobile technology. Operating systems play a vitol role when we talk of technology. Nowadays, Android is one of the popularly used operating system in mobile phones. Authors have analysed three stable versions of Android, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0. Incorporating a change in the version after it is released requires a lot of rework and thus huge amount of costs are incurred. In this paper, the aim is to reduce this rework by identifying certain parts of a version during early phase of development which need careful attention. Machine learning prediction models are developed to identify the parts which are more prone to changes. The accuracy of such models should be high as the developers heavily rely on them. The high dimensionality of the dataset may hamper the accuracy of the models. Thus, the authors explore four dimensionality reduction techniques, which are unexplored in the field of network and communication. The results concluded that the accuracy improves after reducing the features.
Research and Analysis of an Enterprise E-Commerce Marketing System Under the Big Data Environment
Authors: Li Linze , Zhang Jun
Published: July 2021

As an emerging online shopping method, e-commerce has been widely popular since the popularization of the Internet. Online sales and online shopping have become the trend of modern business development. However, the functionality and performance conditions of the existing platform cannot be closely integrated with the merchant's own business. The purpose of this paper is to study the enterprise e-commerce marketing system based on big data. The system design of this paper adopts SSH framework as the main technology, the database selects HBase database, and the front end combines with Web2.0 technology for the interaction of interface display and operation. The experimental results show that applying big data technology to enterprise e-commerce marketing system has extremely important practical significance. Perform a performance analysis on this system,when the amount of data reaches 4000, the speed of HBase is 10.486s, and the query time of Mysql is 50.184s. It can be seen that the Hbase database query speed is much faster than the Mysql database query speed.
Determinants of Individual Knowledge Innovation Behavior
Authors: Chen Sihua , Xiao Hua , He Wei , Mou Jian , Siponen Mikko , Qiu Han , Xu Feng
Published: July 2021

With the upsurge of "emotional storm" in the field of organizational behavior, the studies on individual emotions in organizational context are rising. Especially the relationship between emotions and knowledge innovation has attracted much attention by scholars. In particular, individual emotions may exert great effect on knowledge innovation whereas the mechanism is still unclear. Based on the emotional event theory, this paper constructs a model which explores the interaction of positive and negative emotions with individual knowledge innovation. Based on questionnaire data analysis, the results show that knowledge sharing partly mediate the relationship between positive emotion and knowledge innovation as well as the relationship between negative emotion and knowledge innovation; team trust accentuates the relationship between positive emotion and knowledge innovation as well as the relationship between negative emotion and knowledge innovation. The above findings are helpful to clarify the impact mechanism of emotions on knowledge innovation.
Calciprotein Particles Induce IL-1β/α–Mediated Inflammation through NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms
Authors: Anzai Fumiya , Karasawa Tadayoshi , Komada Takanori , Yamada Naoya , Miura Yutaka , Sampilvanjil Ariunaa , Baatarjav Chintogtokh , Fujimura Kenta , Matsumura Takayoshi , Tago Kenji , Kurosu Hiroshi , Takeishi Yasuchika , Kuro-O Makoto , Takahashi Masafumi
Published: July 2021

Calciprotein particles (CPPs) are nanoparticles composed of calcium phosphate crystals and fetuin-A and have been implicated in diseases associated with inflammation. In the current study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying CPP-induced inflammation in mice. CPPs predominantly upregulated IL-1β and IL-1α and provided priming and activation signals for the NLRP3 inflammasome in murine macrophages. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome revealed that CPPs induced the release of IL-1β and IL-1α via NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent and -independent mechanisms, respectively. CPPs also induced necrotic cell death, but gasdermin D was dispensable for CPP-induced IL-1β release and necrotic cell death. Although phagocytosis of CPPs was required for CPP-induced IL-1β/α release and necrotic cell death, lysosomal dysfunction and K+ efflux were mainly involved in CPP-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and subsequent IL-1β release but not in CPP-induced IL-1α release and necrotic cell death. In vivo experiments showed that CPP administration evoked acute inflammatory responses characterized by neutrophil accumulation via both IL-1β and IL-1α. In particular, CPP-induced neutrophil inflammation was mediated predominantly through an IL-1α–induced CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling pathway. These results provide new insights into the mechanism underlying CPP-induced inflammation and suggest that targeting both IL-1β and IL-1α is necessary to regulate the CPP-induced inflammatory response and to treat CPP-associated inflammatory disorders.
A rare case of scrofuloderma along with lupus vulgaris
Authors: Sabbadini Chiara , Oberschmied Julia , Tauber Martina , Nobile Carla
Published: July 2021

Cutaneous forms of tuberculosis (TB) are rare, comprising about 1-1.5% of all cases, and show a wide range of clinical manifestations. Here we present a case of a patient with left cervical ulcerated lymphadenopathy associated with a violaceous plaque in the area of the manubrium of sternum. We performed a biopsy of the plaque for histopathology, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to test for mycobacteria and a smear of the ulcerated lymph node. Histopathology results showed a dermal infiltrate consisting of epithelioid granulomas without necrosis, PCR was negative and the culture was positive for M. tuberculosis. We made the diagnosis of scrofuloderma associated with lupus vulgaris. The patient was treated with an anti-tuberculous therapy with clinical regression of the lesions. Our case emphasizes the importance of recognizing that tuberculosis can occur as a primary cutaneous pathology, with a challenging diagnosis that requires the correlation of clinical findings with diagnostic testing.
Хаос и интегрируемость в $\operatorname{SL}(2,\mathbb R)$-геометрии
Authors: Bolsinov Aleksei Viktorovich , Veselov Aleksandr Petrovich , Ye Yiru
Published: July 2021

Мы даем обзор ситуации с интегрируемостью геодезических потоков на трехмерных многообразиях $\mathcal M^3$, допускающих одну из трех групповых геометрий в смысле Тeрстона, обращая особое внимание на случай $\operatorname{SL}(2,\mathbb R)$. Основными примерами являются факторы $\mathcal M^3_\Gamma=\Gamma\backslash \operatorname{PSL}(2,\mathbb R)$, где $\Gamma \subset \operatorname{PSL}(2,\mathbb R)$ - кофинитная фуксова группа. Мы показываем, что соответствующее фазовое пространство $T^*\mathcal M_\Gamma^3$ содержит две открытые области с интегрируемым и хаотическим поведением, в которых топологическая энтропия равна нулю и положительна соответственно.
В качестве конкретного примера мы рассматриваем модулярное 3-многообразие с модулярной группой $\Gamma=\operatorname{PSL}({2,\mathbb Z})$. Известно, что в этом случае $\mathcal M^3_\Gamma$ оказывается гомеоморфным дополнению к узлу-трилистнику $\mathcal K$ в 3-сфере. Э. Жис доказал замечательный факт: поднятие периодических геодезических с модулярной поверхности на $\mathcal M^3_\Gamma$ приводит к тому же изотопическому классу узлов, который возник в хаотической версии знаменитой системы Лоренца и был подробно изучен Дж. Бирман и Р. Уильямсом. Мы показываем, что в интегрируемом пределе геодезической системы на $\mathcal M^3_\Gamma$ эти узлы переходят в кабельные узлы трилистника.
Библиография: 60 названий.
Short report: knowledge and perceptions of health workers that strengthen adherence for paediatric and adolescent clients on the intensive adherence counselling program in Kampala, Uganda. A qualitative study
Authors: Nasuuna Esther , Kigozi Joanita , Muganzi Alex , Sewankambo Nelson , Nakanjako Damalie
Published: July 2021

Background: Health care workers (HWs) support HIV positive children and adolescents with detectable HIV viral loads on the intensive adherence counselling (IAC) program to achieve viral suppression through individual adherence counselling. Low re-suppression rates of 23% showed low program effectiveness in fifteen public health facilities.

Objectives: We set out to determine the knowledge and perceptions of HWs that support this program to improve its effectiveness.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative study where five HWs that oversee clinical care for children on ART were interviewed about the program. Data on their knowledge of the program, and perceptions on why it was not effective was collected. Thematic analysis using the inductive approach was used. Transcripts were read, coded and emergent themes determined.

Results: Five HWs participated and all were knowledgeable about the program. Two themes emerged as barriers to IAC program effectiveness, patient factors and health system factors. Patient factors were failure to attend appointments, failure to change adherence practices, and lack of consent. Health system factors were work overload, delay in getting results and drug stock outs.

Conclusion: HWs are knowledgeable about the IAC program and client specific barriers should be addressed to improve viral suppression for children.

Keywords: Intensive adherence counselling; health care worker barriers.