bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mining Logical Circuits in Fungi
Authors: Roberts Nic , Adamatzky Andrew
Published: August 2021

Living substrates are capable for nontrivial mappings of electrical signals due to the substrate nonlinear electrical characteristics. This property can be used to realize Boolean functions. Input logical values are represented by amplitude or frequency of electrical stimuli. Output logical values are decoded from electrical responses of living substrates. We demonstrate how logical circuits can be implemented in mycelium bound composites. The mycelium bound composites (fungal materials) are getting growing recognition as building, packaging, decoration and clothing materials. Presently the fungal materials are passive. To make the fungal materials adaptive, i.e. sensing and computing, we should embed logical circuits into them. We demonstrate experimental laboratory prototypes of many-input Boolean functions implemented in fungal materials from oyster fungi P. ostreatus. We characterize complexity of the functions discovered via complexity of the space-time configurations of one-dimensional cellular automata governed by the functions. We show that the mycelium bound composites can implement representative functions from all classes of cellular automata complexity including the computationally universal. The results presented will make an impact in the field of unconventional computing, experimental demonstration of purposeful computing with fungi, and in the field of intelligent materials, as the prototypes of computing mycelium bound composites.
Temperate Climate Malaria in 19th Century Denmark
Authors: Ingholt Mathias Mølbak , Chen Tzu Tung , Hildebrandt Franziska , Pedersen Rasmus Kristoffer , Simonsen Lone
Published: August 2021

Background A now-extinct strain of Plasmodium vivax was endemic in northern Europe until the early 20th century. In light of the emergence of other vector borne diseases in Europe under climate change, temperate climate malaria warrants a re-examination. The purpose of this article is to characterize malaria epidemiology in late-19th century Denmark. Methods Malaria, listed as “koldfeber”, morbidity and mortality data were digitized from Danish medical records during the period 1862-1914. The seasonality and spatial patterns of malaria, and the relationship of the disease with environmental factors such as soil types, clay content and altitude, were studied. In addition, the age, sex, mortality and seasonal patterns of malaria were studied in the high-morbidity period of 1862-1880. Results The highest incidence occurred in coastal eastern Denmark, and malaria was most frequent in the region of Lolland-Falster. Eastern Denmark is characterized with high soil clay contents, and Lolland-Falster has a low altitude. Incidence typically peaked in May and the case fatality ratio was 0.17%. The disease affected both sexes and all age groups except for infants. In 1873, a large spring epidemic occurred following flooding during a storm surge in November 1872.Conclusion The Plasmodium parasite likely survived the temperate-climate winters through dormancy in the human host, followed by hypnozoites reactivation in the spring. This possibly explains why malaria epidemics typically occurred around May. The age-structure of malaria morbidity with high adult prevalence, indicate that malaria was not highly endemic in the late 19th century Denmark. The investigation of the relationship between malaria and environmental factors suggests a close connection with local settings, such as soil types and altitude, and especially in combination with extreme weather events like floods, these factors may have led to larger malaria epidemics.
A Comparative Study of Three Imaging Modalities for the Size Selection of Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device
Authors: Ruan Zhong-bao , Wang Fei , Chen Ge-cai , Zhu Jun-guo , Ren Yin , Li Wei , Jin Kai , Zhu Li
Published: August 2021

Background Accurate preprocedural measurements is important for left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). However, there were limited data comparing tomography angiography (CTA), trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for diagnostic accuracy and the utility for LAAC. This study aimed to compare the results of CTA, TEE and DSA measurements and analyze their accuracy, correlation and consistency in patients who successfully underwent LAAC.Methods 157 non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients who underwent LAAC were included. The maximum diameter and depth of LAA were recorded by CTA, TEE and DSA. Correlations and agreements were compared. Results All patients were successfully performed LAAC with Watchman device. There was no significant difference in the diameter measurement of LAA ostium between DSA and TEE. Meanwhile, The diameter of LAA ostium obtained by CTA was greater than that of DSA and TEE. There were good correlations between the LAA ostium measured by TEE, CTA, DSA and the Watchman device. DSA measurements and the actual device size were the widest limits of agreement, followed by TEE, CTA measurements were the narrowest limits of agreement. For the LAA depth measurements, mean CTA measurements was higher than that of TEE and DSA. There was no significant difference in the depth measurement among the three imaging modalities. Conclusions CTA, TEE and DSA measurements had good correlations with WATCHMAN device. The ostium diameter and depth of the LAA measured by CTA were greater than those measured by TEE and DSA. The relevance and concordance of CTA measurements were the best.
A 5-Channel DWDM Demultiplexer in C Band on Silicon Photonic Crystal Slab: Design and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Dhandrapati Leninbabu , Hegde Gopalkrishna , Talabattula Srinivas , Tupakula sreenivasulu
Published: August 2021

In this work we propose a novel design of 5-channel DWDM demultiplexer and, numerical analysis of its optimal design parameters and device performance is presented. Photonic crystal hexagonal ring resonators of airholes on a silicon slab are used as channel drop filters. Wavelength controlling is achieved by fine tuning of coupling holes outside each ring resonator. For the proposed design, the resolved wavelengths are in the range of 1535 to 1539nm, where Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers are applicable. The average coupling efficiency and cross talk are found to be 72.4% and -18.31dB, respectively. Photonic bandgap computation is performed by using plane wave expansion method and spectral characteristics are obtained by applying 3D finite difference time domain method.
Mathematical Modeling and Estimation for Next Wave of COVID19 in Poland
Authors: M.K. Arti , Wilinski Antoni
Published: August 2021

We investigate the problem of mathematical modeling of new corona virus (Covid19) in Poland and tries to predict the upcoming wave. A Gaussian mixture model is proposed to characterize the COVID-19 disease and to predict a new / future wave of COVID-19. This prediction is very much needed to prepare for medical setup and continue with the upcoming program. Specifically, data related to the new confirmed cases of COVID-19 per day are considered, and then we attempt to predict the data and statistical activity. A close match between actual data and analytical data by using the Gaussian mixture model shows that it is a suitable model to present new cases of COVID-19. In addition, it is thought that there are N waves of COVID-19 and that information for each future wave is also present in current and previous waves as well. Using this concept, predictions of a future wave can be made.
CSF-1-Induced DC-SIGN+ Macrophages Work In The Ovarian Endometriosis
Authors: Li Xiaocui , Hong Wei , Cai Yunlang , Zheng Zhenzhen , An Min
Published: August 2021

BackgroundCSF-1 was found to be accumulated in the lesions and peritoneal fluid of endometriosis patients, and CSF-1 induced THP-1-derived macrophages to polarize toward a suppressive phenotype. Researchers found that macrophages were the predominant cells in the peritoneal fluid (PF) of endometriosis patients, and the primary consensus is that the immune status in the PF of endometriosis patients exhibits a depressed state. Does the cytokine CSF-1 induce monocytes to differentiate into macrophages with a DC-SIGN+ suppressive phenotype in endometriosis?MethodsThe level of CSF-1 in control endometrium (N=11), eutopic endometrium (N=17), and ectopic (N=39) endometrium of endometriosis patients was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and in the PF of control (N=25) and endometriosis (N=35) patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CSF-1 was examined by a MILLIPLEX MAP Mouse Cytokine/Chemokine Magnetic Bead Panel in an in vivo study. DC-SIGN+ suppressive macrophages were detected by immunohistochemical staining of tissues and flow cytometric analysis of the PF of control (N=25) and endometriosis (N=35) patients. The phenotypes and biological activities of the resulting macrophages derived from THP-1 cells induced by CSF-1 were compared by an in vitro coculture system with peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal subjects.Results In this study, we found the proportion of DC-SIGN+ suppressive macrophages was larger in the abdominal immune microenvironment of endometriosis patients. CSF-1 was primarily secreted from the ectopic lesions and peritoneum of mice with endometriosis. And, CSF-1 induced the polarization of macrophages toward a DC-SIGN+ suppressive phenotype; this effect was abolished by the addition of anti-CSF-1R. CSF-1 induced DC-SIGN+ macrophages, leading to a depressed status of peripheral blood lymphocytes, including a high percentage of Treg cells and a low percentage of CD8+ T cells. Similarly, blockade with anti-CSF-1R abrogated this biological effect. This is the first study on the predominant role of DC-SIGN+ suppressive macrophages in the depressed immune status of endometriosis patients.Conclusions This is the first study on the predominant role of DC-SIGN+ suppressive macrophages in the depressed immune status of endometriosis patients. Further study of the mechanism and biological activities of CSF-1-induced DC-SIGN+ suppressive macrophages will enhance our understanding of the physiology of endometriosis and indicate new directions for further study.
Choosing the Adaptive Cardiac Phase for Assessing Cardiac Dimensions Using Cardiac Computed Tomography for Heart Disease
Authors: Wang Li , Zhou Jin-Rong , Chen Dong , Deng Yu-Jiao , Chen Jing
Published: August 2021

Background Choosing a suitable cardiac cycle to measure cardiac chamber dimensions and wall thickness can be a more accurate assessment of cardiovascular disease. Methods Cardiac CT was performed on 137 patients for suspected coronary disease. The parameters of left atrium (LA), left ventricle (LV), right atrium (RA), and right ventricle (RV), as well as the wall thickness of LV were measured in different cardiac phases. The general linear mixed model was used to analyze differences in different phases and the correlation between these parameters and traditional risk factors. ROC analysis was performed to estimate LA enlargement. Results The dimensions of LA, RA, and LV wall thickness achieved the maximum at the phase of 35–45%, and those of LV and RV, at 95–5%. Whereas, the changes of LA-B (antero-posterior diameter), LV-D1 (basal dimension), RA-B (minor dimension) and RV-D2 (mid cavity dimension) were relatively more stable during the cardiac cycle. The maximum LA-B diameter(95%CI 36.92,38.48mm), LV-D1 diameter(95%CI 44.36,45.83mm), RA-B diameter(95%CI 48.75,50.61mm), and RV-D2 diameter(95%CI 30.83,32.84mm) and the maximum interventricular septum thickness( 95%CI 10.79,11.51mm) was acquired. Heart rate (HR) and smoking were potential indicators of LVD2 (mid cavity dimension), while HR and LV myocardial mass were potential indicators of LVD3 (apical-basal dimension). In phase 45%, the cut-off value of LA-B was 37.12mm has high sensitivity of 90.9% for predicting LA enlargement. Conclusion Cardiac chamber dimensions and wall thickness vary with the cardiac phase. Choosing the adaptive cardiac phase for evaluating these parameters obtained by cardiac CT could provide a more accurate clinical measurement. Trial registration retrospectively registered.
The Effect of Hyperbolic Two-temperatures Model on Waves Propagation in a Semi-conductor Medium Containing Spherical Cavities
Authors: Abbas Ibrahim , Hobiny Aatef
Published: August 2021

This article is interested in the study of the carrier density, the redial displacement, the conductive temperature, thermodynamic temperature and the stresses in a semi-conductor material containing a spherical hole. This investigation deals with the photo-thermo-elastic interactions in a semi-conductor medium in the context of the new hyperbolic two-temperatures model with one relaxation time. The Laplace transform technique are used to obtain the problem analytical solution by the eigenvalues methods and the inversions of the Laplace transform were performed numerically. Numerical results for semi-conductor materials are shown graphically and discussed.
Etiological and Epidemiological of Viral Diarrhea Among Children Under the Age of Five in Shenyang From 2018 to 2020
Authors: Dong Xinxin , Qi Ying , Chai Ruiyu , Xu Han , Wang Jin , Wang Yingshuang , Chen Ye , Zhang Linlin , Lu Ying , Chen Huijie , yao yan
Published: August 2021

Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of death among children, especially in the age under five, but little data are available on the etiology of viral diarrhea in Shenyang. To understand the infection status and the relevant epidemiological characteristics of viral diarrhea and to fill gaps of how the distribution of viruses change across Shenyang in children under the age of five with diarrhea, stool specimens of children with diarrhea aged 0-59 months and surveillance data was collected from Sentinel Hospital of Shenyang. Rotavirus, calicivirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus 4 viruses were then analyzed, and the proportion of children who tested positive for each pathogen was calculated and seasonal and spatial patterns for major organisms were determined. Viruses were identified in 47.9% of the 897 samples from children with diarrhea. The main viruses of stool samples were rotavirus (16.9%, predominant type G9P[8]), calicivirus (14.7%, norovirus, predominant type GII ), adenovirus (11.8%), and astrovirus (4.5%). Viral infections were mainly detected in the age of 0-12 months. In the area of Shenyang, Huanggu has the most cases (198, 22.1%), followed by Dadong (137, 15.3%) and Hunnan (135, 15.1%). The positive rate of viruses in patients of different ages, seasons, and regions was not same. Public health entities and the government should develop corresponding measures for different age groups, seasons, and regions.
Neotropical Ostracode Oxygen and Carbon Isotope Signatures - Implications for Calcification Conditions
Authors: Wrozyna Claudia ,   Juliane Meyer2,   Martin Dietzel3,   Werner E. Piller4
Published: August 2021

Calcitic valves of non-marine ostracodes are important geochemical archives. Investigations of the relationship between the isotopic ranges of modern ostracode populations and their host water provide important information on local or regional conditions and influences. Here we present the first δ18Oostracode and δ13Costracode dataset of the freshwater ostracode species Cytheridella ilosvayi along with characterization of the precipitating water - chemical composition, δDwater, δ18Owater, δ13CDIC values - covering a large geographical range (Florida to Brazil). With this data we extended a newly developed approach based on the estimation of δ18O values of monthly equilibrium calcites as references for the interpretation of δ18Oostracode values.The expected apparent oxygen isotope fractionation between CaCO3 - and H2O is correlated with temperature with smaller values occurring at higher temperatures as valid at isotope equilibrium (δ18Ocalcite_eq). Additional to a species-specific offset, unusual high deviations of δ18Oostracode vs. δ18Owater values most likely reflect the time lag between valve calcification and sampling. Coincidence between δ18Oostracode and δ18Ocalcite_eq is restricted to few months indicating a seasonal calcification of Cytheridella. There is a characteristic pattern in its difference between mean δ18Oostracode and δ18Ocalcite_eq which implies that Cytheridella provides a synchronous life cycle in its geographical range with two calcification periods in spring (May, June) and autumn (October). This ubiquitous life cycle of Cytheridella in the entire study area is considered to be phylogenetically inherited. It might have originally been adapted to environmental conditions but has been conserved during the migration and radiation of the group over the Neotropical realm.
Long-term Health Benefits to Newly Diagnosed Type-2 Diabetes from Short-term Continuous-subcutaneous Insulin Injection Therapy
Authors: Zhang Wanjun , KE Weijian , HE Qun , Bian Qiao , GUO Huijie , LIU Liehua , ZHENG Dantong , LI Yanbing , XIA Yinghua
Published: August 2021

BackgroundContinuous-subcutaneous insulin injection (CSII) therapy to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients generated short-term health benefits. Our aims were to investigate long-term health benefits of CSII monotherapy, in combination with metformin and pioglitazone, or with sitagliptin. MethodsIn this randomized clinical trial, patients were treated for around 90 days and were monitored for one year. Demographic and laboratory data were analysed using the UKPDS_OM2 program to estimate 20-year health benefits. Multiple linear regression model was used to identify factors associated with changes of each health benefit.ResultsFor the 134 treated patients, most health benefit indicators were improved significantly, except for renal failure. For example, life expectancies increased by 0.41±0.48 year and quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) by 0.45±0.46 year (p<0.001). Reductions in 20-year risk were: amputation by 70.6%, ulcer 66.7%, blindness 57.1%, stroke 45.5%, myocardial infarction 43.5%, all-causes of death 20.5%, ischaemic heart disease 6.7%, with heart failure < 0.1%. However, no difference in benefits was found among the three therapeutic protocols. Health benefits were lower for older patients, for females in amputation and ulcer risk, and for smokers in blindness risk. ConclusionsShort-term CSII therapy produced significant and multiple long-term health benefits (based on simulated risk analyses) to T2DM patients and benefits were modified by age, sex and smoking factors. The three therapeutic protocols produced the same benefits. Trial registration The clinical trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov on November 15, 2011, with the registration number: NCT01471808.
The Process of Regional Trauma System Development in Shenzhen, China: An 8-Year Journey
Authors: Zhang Guixi , Leung Gilberto Ka Kit , Lo Chung Mao , Lo Richard Kwong-Yin , Wong John , Maier Ronald Vitt , Bulger Eileen M. , Fan Joe King Man , Fu Xiaobing
Published: August 2021

Background: International experiences have shown that trauma system development significantly reduces preventable deaths and disabilities. During the 8-year study, the aim was to find solutions for trauma system development in Shenzhen, China, so as to reduce trauma mortality and morbidity. Methods: Introducing the ATLS® program to mainland China was started in 2013. A geospatial analysis of traumatic incidents was conducted in 2014. A regional trauma center was illustrated as an example to be used as a reference. The trauma audit meeting was introduced as an approach to continuous trauma quality improvement. The Shenzhen Trauma Surgery Committee was established to finalize the plan for designation of trauma care hospitals. The American College of Surgeons Trauma System Development Guidelines were translated into Chinese. Results: ATLS® provider course was held in Shenzhen and totally 205 doctors received training. A regional trauma center where adopted ATLS® principles as the standard for trauma resuscitation and early trauma care, with results showing significant improvements in trauma team organization, trauma resuscitation, definitive trauma care and a significant reduction in mortality among major trauma patients. The trauma audit meeting was introduced to 8 hospitals. A new trauma system plan for Shenzhen was set up and a consensus was reached on trauma center designation. The American College of Surgeons' “Resources for Optimal Care of the Injured Patient” was translated into Chinese and published in November 2020. Conclusion: The critical steps in establishing the framework for the Shenzhen trauma system included: geospatial analysis of traumatic incidents, trauma care training for providers, trauma center development, regional trauma center designation and development of trauma quality improvement programs. This practical approach can be replicated in other countries seeking to establish a trauma system. We are now working toward extension of this approach to other regions of mainland China.
Human Erythrocyte-Like Transformation of Synthetic Polymer Vesicles
Authors: Yoshida Eri
Published: August 2021

This paper describes that synthetic polymer vesicles undergo a human erythrocyte-like transformation in response to temperature changes. The normally biconcave discoid erythrocytes, i.e., the discocytes, are transformed into various shapes by their environmental stresses. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) demonstrates that the spherical vesicles consisting of poly(methacrylic acid)-block-poly(n-butyl methacrylate-random-methacrylic acid), PMAA-b-P(BMA-r-MAA), transform into echinocyte-like crenate vesicles due to expansion by the component copolymers in being freed from the vesicle surface when heated in an aqueous methanol solution. An increase in the vesicle concentration transforms the spherical vesicles into stomatocyte-like cup-shaped vesicles via the membrane perforation or double invaginations followed by membrane coupling and fusion. Light scattering studies reveal the reversibility and repeatability of the transformations. These findings indicate that the erythrocyte transformations are attributed to the inherent property of the bilayer membrane. The polymer vesicles are helpful for a better understanding of the biomembrane.
Trends in COVID-19 Infected Cases and Deaths Based on Parametric and Nonparametric Regression Models
Authors: ARUNACHALAM RAJARATHINAM , PAKKIRISAMY TAMILSELVAN , Madhaiyan Ramji
Published: August 2021

The present investigation was carried out to study the trends in COVID-19 infected cases and deaths based on the parametric, exponential smoothing and non-parametric regression models by using COVID-19 cumulative infected cases and deaths due to infections The statistically most suited parametric models are selected based on the highest adjusted R2, significant regression co-efficient and co-efficient of determination (R2). Appropriate model is selected based on the model performance measures such as, Root Mean Square Error, Mean Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Percentage Error, assumptions of normality and independence of residuals. Nonparametric estimates of underlying growth functions are computed at each and every time points.
The cis-responsive element of Foot-and-mouth disease virus interacts with host cellular factor PCBP2 dependent on host specificity
Authors: Cheong JaeHun , Jang Jeong A , Ku Bok Kyung
Published: August 2021

I. Background: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious viral pathogen in cloven-hoofed animal including cattle and pig, yet progress in the molecular mechanisms of FMDV genome replication is notably lagging behind that for many RNA viruses. A positive single stranded RNA of FMDV encodes a single long open reading frame flanked by a long 5’-untranslated region (5’UTR) and a short 3’-UTR. The cis-responsive element (CRE) of 5’UTR is critical for FMDV genome replication. II. Methods and Results: Here, we described that poly(C)-binding protein 2 (PCBP2) is revealed as a CRE-binding cellular factor. The RNA immunoprecipitation experiment confirmed that the FMDV CRE interacts with PCBP2 protein. CRE derived from FMDV infection in pig bound stronger to PCBP2 protein of pig than cattle PCBP2, showing host specific RNA-protein interaction. In addition, PCBP2 interacts with FMDV 3B protein together with CRE. The interaction of PCBP and 3B protein with CRE also showed host-specific manners. III. Conclusions: These data suggest that cellular PCBP2 may serve as a host cellular factor of FMDV to facilitate viral replication through interaction with the viral genome and contribute to determine host susceptibility of FMDV variants. The inter-molecular interaction between cellular PCBP2 and FMDV 3B and CRE provides perspectives for antiviral strategy.
They forgot their “baby”?!: Factors that lead students to forget their cell phone
Authors: Rose Nathan , Doolen Abigail , O’Rear Andrea
Published: August 2021

Remembering intentions is critical for daily life, yet errors happen surprisingly often, even when there are fatal consequences, as in the “forgotten baby syndrome”. To study how people forget personally-important intentions, we took 192 students’ cell phones and attached an activity tracker to their clothes while they participated in an unrelated experiment in our lab. We examined how often students forgot to retrieve their cell phone (personally important task) and return the tracker (experimenter relevant task) when they left the lab, and whether it mattered if the instructions were explicitly encoded or not. Students only forgot the tracker 10-13% more often than their cell phone, and explicit instructions did not reduce forgetting; neither did longer, more distracting ongoing tasks. Between 60-70% of participants said the intention “popped into mind”. We suggest that PM intentions are “autonomically” encoded, yet even personally important tasks are forgotten at surprising rates.
Modelling Nigeria Male Mortality Using Functional Data Time Series Analysis Approach.
Authors: NDIKUBWIMANA Jean Bosco , F.K LAWAL , KARAMUZI James , DUKUNDE Angelique , GATABAZI Evariste , GASIGWA Joel , NGENDAHIMANA Frederic
Published: August 2021

Incidence and mortality rates are considered as a guideline for planning public health strategies and allocating resources. Several methods have been proposed and used for modeling mortalities of various countries. Among the leading mortality, models are the Lee-Carter model which has been used in various countries and adjudged to fit the mortality of these countries well. But it came with its own limitations as the model was used in a more developed nation. In this research work, we propose functional data analysis techniques to model Nigerian Male mortality using the data obtained from the Nigeria Bureau of Statistics from 1998-2010. We compared the results obtained using some parameters such as MAPE and MSE. From the results, we discovered that the improvement of the parameters of our model shows that it is better than the Lee-Carter model in analyzing Nigerian Male Mortality.
AN ANALYSIS OF IMPACT TESTING OF HIGH STRENGTH LOW-ALLOY STEELS USED IN SHIP CONSTRUCTION
Authors:   Institute for Materials Testing-IMS, Bulevar vojvode Mišića 43, Belgrade, Serbia, Bulatović Srđan , Aleksić Vujadin , Milović Ljubica ,   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia, Zečević Bojana ,   University of Belgrade, Innovation Centre of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: August 2021

Brittle damages have been examined widely since welding became common practice when it comes to carrying out robust structures. Welded structure of the ship hull has to be continuous. Brittle damages that occur on hull structures have always been examined thoroughly. Cracks are most commonly initiated at locations where stress concentrators exist. These concentrators can originate due to flaws that occur during the design phase or due to mistakes that occur during the assembly of the structure. When it comes to failures and damages that occur at ship structures, it has been noticed that damages due to brittleness practically always happen at low temperatures. Impact test analysis is significant due to the fact that it replicates the ductile to brittle transition of steel in practically identical range of temperatures for all ship structures. Impact of ductile-brittle transition temperature is an important factor especially because there have been many ship failures and damages in history. In ship structures made of welded joints of high strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels with their segments (parent metal, weld metal and heat-affected-zone), the toughness test determines the tendency of steel to brittle fracture, respectively the tendency to increase brittleness during exploitation. Parameters obtained by testing the properties of plasticity are the fundamental for the composition of ship structures with the aim of realize strengths under tested load. The test results of high strength low-alloy steel toughness assessment at different test temperatures show that temperature significantly affects the impact toughness of steels and their alloys.
The Effect of Different Regimens of Vaccination against Pneumococcal Infection on the Clinical Course of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Focus on Changes in Sputum Microorganism Population
Authors: Kostinov M. P. , Protasov А. D. , Zhetkov А. V. , Shteyner M. L. , Tezikov Yu. V. , Lipatov I. S.
Published: August 2021

The objective: development of the best vaccination regimen against pneumococcal infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with consideration of changes in microbiological and clinical parameters.

Subjects and Methods. 115 patients with COPD were randomized into 4 pneumococcal vaccination groups, they were examined and followed up for 4 years; 112 patients completed the study complying with the protocol. Detail medical history of all subjects was collected. To verify the diagnosis of COPD, all subjects underwent external respiratory function test and bronchodilator test (salbutamol, 400 μg) according to the standard method. The classic microbiological assessment was used in this study. The clinical effectiveness of vaccination was assessed. Statistical processing of the results was performed using StatPlus Pro 6.2.0.0 software (license number 2883).

Results. Сonsecutive vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines leads to decreased isolation rate of pneuniococcus from the sputum of CODP patients. The frequency of exacerbations, the need for antibiotic chemotherapy and hospitalizations also goes down.
Comparison of Intubating Supraglottic Airways LMA Fastrach™ and ILTS-D® under Normal and Simulated Difficult Airways — a Manikin Study
Authors: Andreenko Aleksander A. , Grachev I. N. , Faizov I. I.
Published: August 2021

Objectives. The goal of study was to compare the effectiveness of using Fastrach ™ and iLTS-D® on a manikin by novices 1st year resident-anesthesiologists under normal and simulated difficult airways. Material and Methods. At the first stage the participants conducted four consecutive trials on a manikin. Each trial included insertion, ventilation and blind intubation the manikin using iLTS-D® and Fastrach™. ‘Time to ventilation’, ‘time to tracheal ventilation’, success rates and number of attempts were recorded for the both devices. At the second stage participants performed one attempt of ventilation and blind intubation under simulated difficult airways (midline head stabilization and limited mouth opening 3 cm). It was estimated the difference between devices in ‘time to ventilation’ and ‘time to tracheal ventilation’; differences in success rates at trial 4 and at the second stage. Results. There was no difference in ‘time to ventilation’ between either device in trial 4 (median: Fastrach: 14.7 s, iLTS-D: 13.2 s, p = 0.14). Also there was no difference in ‘time to tracheal ventilation’ between either device in trial 4 (median: Fastrach: 15.4 s., iLTS-D: 13.9 s, p = 0.55). Both devices were equally effective in a simulated difficult airway, ventilation and intubation at the first attempt was successful in all cases, there was no significant difference in ‘time to ventilation’ (Fastrach: 12.3 s, iLTS-D: 13.5 s, p = 0.14) and ‘time to tracheal ventilation’ (Fastrach: 12.6 s, iLTS-D: 12.5 s, p = 0.77).
Perioperative Management of Patients with Tachyarrhythmias in Non-cardiac Surgery
Authors: Myasnikova Victoria V. , Karakhalis N. B. , Musaeva T. S. , Zabolotskikh I. B.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases has dramatically changed over past decades. Accompanied by an incredible increase in pathophysiological understanding and availability of treatment options, surgical and anesthetic technics have rapidly evolved. The understanding of electrophysiological basics of arrhythmia, pharmacological and non- pharmacological approaches its treatment, in many respects determines clinical efficacy of perioperative management patients with comorbidities by anesthesiologists. Objectives. This article reviewed Russian and international guidelines and recommendations on tachyarrhythmia’s management in non-cardiac surgery patients. The arrhythmia classifications in respect to potential danger have pointed out with special emphasis on life-threatening ones. It has been shown information about preoperative examination, medication choice in accordance with pro-arrhyhmogenic activity. All arrhythmia issues have presented according to their prevalence in population: supraventricular extrasystole and tachycardia, atrial fibrillation/flutter, ventricular beats, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation. Review included the information about such life-threatening rhythm disorders as WPW syndrome and Torsades des pointes. We analyzed perioperative assessment, risk stratification, choice the anesthesia methods, and monitoring settings in arrhythmic patients. Conclusion. The management algorithms of different kinds of tachyarrhythmias have been shown both chronic and acute perioperative cases.
The Problem of Malnutrition in Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Polyakov I. V. , Leiderman Iliya N. , Zolotukhin K. N.
Published: August 2021

At the present stage of critical care medicine development early and optimal nutritional support is the most effective method of prevention and correction of disorders of protein and energy metabolism. In Russian and foreign literature structured data on the impact of new methods of early enteral and parenteral nutrition on the course of the critical illness of heterogeneous groups of patients were published during last 10–15 years. In this connection, it is advisable to conduct more detailed study of the features of violations of disorders of energy and protein metabolism, evaluation of the effectiveness of new methods of correction and prevention of malnutrition in patients general surgery ICU of a single hospital.
Varied Anesthesia Depending on Autonomic Tone During Laparoscopic Surgery
Authors: Volkov Pavel A. , Guryanov V. A.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Adequacy of nonspecific perioperative adaptive reactions of the adaptation syndrome, in the first place, depends on the initial state and interaction of the autonomic nervous system. The satisfactory state of the regulation of physiological system, based on the principles of functional synergy and the relative antagonism of its sympathetic and parasympathetic components, can easily be disrupted by unbalanced pharmacological effects during anesthesia. As a result of autonomic dysfunction, regardless of the cause of its development, the initial or iatrogenic, adaptation failure may occur with the development of hemodynamic changes and postoperative complications. Recently, the number of publications by domestic and foreign authors that demonstrate the advantages of intraoperative use of a new selective alpha2-adrenoagonist drug, dexmedetomidine, has significantly increased. Nevertheless, the appointment of a drag with such pronounced effect on the autonomic nervous system, without regard to the initial vegetative status, can lead to catastrophic consequences. Material and Methods. We conducted a comparative analysis of the relationship between changes in hemodynamic parameters and vegetative status during balanced anesthesia, where dexmedetomidine was used as part of the analgesia component. Results. It has been shown that cholinolytic premedication and a decrease in the rate of dexmedetomidine administration in patients with parasympatotonia not only allow to avoid a decrease in the cardiac index during the operation, but also are accompanied by a physiologically more beneficial redistribution of blood circulation determinants. Conclusion. In addition, the results of the work indicate an unchanged quality of analgesia in the case of a decrease in the dose of dexmedetomidine in patients with parasympatotonia.
Using Bronchial Blockers for Providing Separate Lung Ventilation in Thoracic Surgery
Authors: Gruzdev Vadim Evgenievich , Gorobets E. S. , Kochkovaya E. O.
Published: August 2021

Successes in combined treatment of maxillofacial cancer diseases lead to significant increasing of life expectancy, and as a result to growth of lung metastasis frequency. That’s why one of the steps of these diseases therapy is operative metastasectomy. As you know separate lung ventilation, one lung collapse and accordingly one lung ventilation often has to be in thoracic surgery. Earlier we achieved it by usage double-lumen endotracheal tubes. The review of last scientific publications about anesthesia in cancer thoracic surgery convincingly and authentically show that current bronchial blockers provided safe lung separation in that cases when it didn’t get to spend one lung ventilation because of impossibility to use double-lumen tube. The medical indications for usage bronchial blockers are maxillofacial deformations, abnormal tracheobronchial anatomy, the morbid obesity and tracheostomy. We have analyzed 40 successful cases of modern bronchial blockers application for providing lung collapse on the operation side, estimated possibilities and shown the results of bronchial blockers usage during operations in thoracic cancer surgery.
The Use of Pterugoplatine Blockade with Dexamethasone for Anesthetization in Enucleation and Evisceration
Authors: Oleshchenko Irina G. , Mishchenko О. P. , Gasparyan М. А. , Iureva Т. N.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Traditionally the well proven retrobulbar anesthesia as an independent method of pain relief is used in ophthalmology, but there are also disadvantages of this type of anesthesia. Objectives. To develop and evaluate the clinical efficacy of the combined method of pain relief during evisceration or enucleation of the eyeball, including the blockade of the pterygopalatine ganglion by local anesthetic and dexamethasone as an adjuvant, and inhalation anesthesia with sevorane. Material and Methods. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of intraoperative anesthesia and course of postoperative period in patients of two clinical groups, which were formed according to the method of anesthesia, were held. Results. The nature of pain sensation in patients of comparable groups had significant differences; except the presence and intensity of pain, the degree of edema and conjunctival injection were assessed. Conclusions. The use of pterygopalatine blockade with lidocaine and naropin in combination with dexamethasone as adjuvant provides a prolonged analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous effect. This makes it possible to avoid the use of opioid analgesics in early postoperative period, i. e. to avoid systemic side effects such as nausea, dizziness, vomiting, in rare cases, which generally improves the quality of the postoperative period. Application of the pterygopalatine ganglion blockade with mixture of local anesthetics with different durations of action and dexamethasone as an adjuvant based on inhalation anesthesia with sevorane provides safe and effective analgesia in patients during evisceration or enucleation of eyeball, both intra- and postoperatively.
Perioperative Management Of Patients With Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Muronov Alexey Ye.
Published: August 2021

The review article covers the issues of perioperative management of patients with alcohol dependence. Particular attention is paid to the most common methods of diagnosing alcohol dependence: the collection of anamnesis and the detection of the amount of alcohol consumed, the use of special questionnaires, direct and indirect laboratory criteria, prevention of development and therapy of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and alcoholic delirium, and infectious complications.
Modern First Aid Tactics and New Techniques in Acute Poisoning Intensive Therapy
Authors: Orlov Yuriy P.
Published: August 2021

Modern tactics of emergency medical care in case of acute poisoning both at prehospital and hospital stages has undergone some changes. Changing of some principal positions was dictated by the international experience of emergency care of acute poisonings, where a new trend is defined by the motto: “The Importance of First Doing No Harm”, which can be translated as “the treatment of critical conditions — the first commandment is do no harm”. The literature review presents modern, restrictive approaches to gastric lavage in acute poisoning, highlights the options of the more extensive use of activated carbon in cases of mild and moderate poisoning severity and considers prospects for the use of new technologies of intensive therapy (high doses of insulin and fat emulsions) in the practice of clinical toxicology.
Low Pulsoximetry as a Manifestation of Congenital Hemoglobinopathies. The Case of Hemoglobin Bonn in the Tver Region
Authors: Sitkin Sergey I. , Pozdnyakov O. B. , Yankov V. G. , Khizhnyak B. I.
Published: August 2021

Pulse oximetry is the most common method of monitoring respiratory failure. A decrease in SpO2 indices is a sign of hypoxemia. Abnormal hemoglobins, with a hereditary mutation in α-globin or in β-globin, can lead to falsely low saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen. The frequency of this pathology occurrence in the population is unknown. This article reviews international publications on this issue and cites the case of hereditary hemoglobinopathy (Hb Bonn) in the parturient, her father and her son. All patients showed a decrease in osmotic resistance of red blood cells by 30%. The son of the woman at the age of three years suffered from the hemolytic-uremic syndrome, which required renal replacement therapy. The knowledge of abnormal hemoglobins accompanied by low pulsoximetry will help to avoid medical errors.
Dexmedetomidine and Propofol Sedation in Carotid Endarterectomy Under Regional Anesthesia: What’s Better for the Patient? (Study of Patient Satisfaction)
Authors: Tomaschuk Dmitry I. , Martynov D. V. , Zhenilo V. M.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Carotid endarterectomy under regional anesthesia with sedation allows to realize dynamic neurologic monitoring. The main drawback of this approach is patient’s discomfort. Thus, qualitative sedation at the operation of carotid endarterectomy in case of regional anesthesia is necessary. The use of dexmedetomidine as a basic preparation for perioperative sedation is especially interesting as it has a unique effect on the central nervous system. Material and methods. 112 patients were involved and divided into two groups: group № 1 (propofol group) and group № 2 (dexmedetomidine group) in proportion 53 vs 59. There were no differences between the groups (p = 0.36). In the group № 1 after performing regional anesthesia we started the propofol infusion (TCI) up to the target level of 1.7 mg/ml in plasma. The patents from group № 2 began to receive dexmedetomidine at the rate from 0.2 mkg/kg/h to 0.9–1 mkg/kg/h by the end of regional anesthesia. Patient’s satisfaction with anesthesia was assessed according to their answers to the questionnaire on the next day after the operation. Results. Almost two thirds of patients, 38 people (64.40 %), from group № 2 expressed their satisfaction (13–15 points) with anesthesia they received, while in the group № 1 only 11 people (20.75 %) got 13–15 points (p < 0.0001); 37 people (69.81 %) from group № 1 got 10–12 points and 19 people (32.20 %) from group № 2 (p = 0.0001). Less than 10 points (“unsatisfied”) were given by 5 (9.43 %) patients from group № 1, and 2 (3.38 %) patients from group № 2, there are no significant differences between the groups (p = 0.3). It should be mentioned that all patients who considered their presence in the operating room to be uncomfortable (3 people) had also a low sum of points (< 10), which indicates the imperfection of the offered questionnaire. Conclusion. Though the patients who received dexmedetomidine as a sedative agent, had a less deep sedation and had more memories of DNM stage, in total showed comparative satisfaction with the group receiving propofol. Moreover, there were significantly more patients completely satisfied with anesthesia in the dexmedetomidine group.
Legal Aspects of the Central Veins Catheterization
Authors: Sumin Sergey A. , Gorbachev V. I.
Published: August 2021

In the article we consider the main legal documents concerning one of the main ICU manipulations — subclavial and other central veins catheterization. The authors conclude a failure of the existing federal regulations. Development of the local legal documents is offered as a probable solution of the problem.
Clinical and Prognostic Aspects of Water-Electrolyte Homeostasis Disorders in the Acute Period of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Ershov Vadim I. , Aizhanova L. A. , Chirkov A. N. , Nazarov A. M. , Gonchar-Zaikin A. P.
Published: August 2021

Objectives. To reveal the influence of water-electrolyte disorders markers in the severe ischemic stroke acute period on the outcomes. Material and methods. The study included 150 patients with severe ischemic stroke of various pathogenetic subtypes. We studied the osmolarity and plasma sodium level (in the first day from the onset) influence on the prognosis of ischemic stroke. Results and discussion. The most common form of water-electrolyte disorders in patients with severe ischemic stroke is a hyperosmolar syndrome. Hypernatriemic hyperosmolar syndrome developed in patients at the onset of severe ischemic stroke is a predictor of an unfavorable outcome and is associated with higher lethality. The cardioembolic subtype of the ischemic stroke is associated with higher risk of death.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in free theories with boundary potentials
Authors: Prochazka Vladimir , Söderberg Alexander
Published: August 2021

Patterns of symmetry breaking induced by potentials at the boundary
of free O(N)O(N)-models
in d=3- \epsilond=3−ϵ
dimensions are studied. We show that the spontaneous symmetry breaking
in these theories leads to a boundary RG flow ending with
N - 1N−1
Neumann modes in the IR. The possibility of fluctuation-induced symmetry
breaking is examined and we derive a general formula for computing
one-loop effective potentials at the boundary. Using the
\epsilonϵ-expansion
we test these ideas in an O(N)\oplus O(N)O(N)⊕O(N)-model
with boundary interactions. We determine the RG flow diagram of this
theory and find that it has an IR-stable critical point satisfying
conformal boundary conditions. The leading correction to the effective
potential is computed and we argue the existence of a phase boundary
separating the region flowing to the symmetric fixed point from the
region flowing to a symmetry-broken phase with a combination of Neumann
and Dirchlet boundary conditions.