bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planejamento do Turismo a partir da Perspectiva Actor-Centered Power no Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Dutra de Araujo Carolina , Cândido Débora Regina Campos , Krott Max
Published: May 2017

Usualmente, o planejamento do turismo no Brasil segue a perspectiva normativa em sua execução. Este estudo propõe integrar a perspectiva actor-centered power ao planejamento a fim de elucidar quais são os atores sociais mais poderosos e quais são seus interesses no desenvolvimento turístico. Tal perspectiva é possível por meio da identificação desses atores e de sua relação com a coerção, a informação dominante e incentivos e desincentivos, categorias derivadas das abordagens de poder desenvolvidas por Krott. Para cumprir o objetivo proposto, realizou-se entrevistas mediante a técnica bola de neve. A hipótese de pesquisa é que o planejamento do turismo no Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) é direcionado pelos interesses dos atores sociais mais poderosos. Os resultados confirmam tal hipótese e demostram que há grande conflito de interesses entre ONGs, governo e administração da Unidade de Conservação.
Legislação Indigenista e Perspectivas para o Turismo em Terras Indígenas no Brasil
Authors: Corbari Sandra Dalila , Bahl Miguel , De Souza Silvana do Rocio
Published: May 2017

O turismo envolvendo comunidades indígenas vem sendo desenvolvido em diversas partes do mundo. No Brasil, há inúmeras iniciativas que, no entanto, não eram regulamentadas por conta de questões como a tutela do Estado, falta de consenso entre estudiosos, governo, entidades e comunidades sobre a importância da regulamentação, entre outras. No entanto, a legislação nacional não proibia explicitamente o turismo em territórios indígenas e, em diversos documentos, o Estado apontava a importância da autonomia e protagonismo indígena, inclusive em projetos sustentáveis de ecoturismo e etnoturismo; e, também ressaltava a necessidade da regulamentação desses segmentos. Em junho de 2015, o turismo em Terras Indígenas foi regulamentado, trazendo o debate sobre o turismo envolvendo comunidades indígenas a um novo patamar. Assim, este artigo, embasado em instrumentos legais e na literatura sobre o tema, aborda a legislação indigenista brasileira e as novas perspectivas para a atividade turística, o desenvolvimento econômico e autonomia desses povos. A pesquisa demonstrou que a regulamentação da atividade não contribui integralmente para a autonomia das comunidades, uma vez que se faz necessária a autorização da Fundação Nacional do Índio, que pode, inclusive, negá-la. Além disso, apesar de estar voltada ao princípio da precaução, a burocracia do processo dá margem à continuidade do turismo ilegal.
Extracellular Vesicles in Angiogenesis
Authors: Todorova Dilyana , Simoncini Stéphanie , Lacroix Romaric , Sabatier Florence , Dignat-George Françoise
Published: May 2017

During the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes, have emerged as important players in cell-to-cell communication in normal physiology and pathological conditions. EVs encapsulate and convey various bioactive molecules that are further transmitted to neighboring or more distant cells, where they induce various signaling cascades. The message delivered to the target cells is dependent on EV composition, which, in turn, is determined by the cell of origin and the surrounding microenvironment during EV biogenesis. Among their multifaceted role in the modulation of biological responses, the involvement of EVs in vascular development, growth, and maturation has been widely documented and their potential therapeutic application in regenerative medicine or angiogenesis-related diseases is drawing increasing interest. EVs derived from various cell types have the potential to deliver complex information to endothelial cells and to induce either pro- or antiangiogenic signaling. As dynamic systems, in response to changes in the microenvironment, EVs adapt their cargo composition to fine-tune the process of blood vessel formation. This article reviews the current knowledge on the role of microvesicles and exosomes from various cellular origins in angiogenesis, with a particular emphasis on the underlying mechanisms, and discusses the main challenges and prerequisites for their therapeutic applications.
Rufinus’ Historia monachorum in Aegypto and the Promulgation of Evagrian Ascetic Teaching
Authors: Cain Andrew
Published: May 2017

Around 403 Rufinus composed his Historia monachorum in Aegypto, a Latin translation of Ἡ κατ’ Αἴγυπτον τῶν µοναχῶν ἱστορία (“Inquiry about the Monks of Egypt”). This Greek work, authored anonymously years earlier by one of the monks in his monastery on the Mount of Olives, chronicles the author’s months-long travels throughout Egypt, where he met notable monastic personalities and recorded for posterity their deeds and teachings. In rendering the Greek original into Latin Rufinus made certain amendments which point to possible reasons why he undertook this ambitious translation project. In this article I draw attention to amendments he made pertaining to the figure and teachings of Evagrius of Pontus and I argue that one of his principal authorial objectives was to promulgate and popularize the core principles of Evagrius’ ascetic mysticism among a western readership.
The Impact of Error Accounting in a Bayesian Approach to Calibrating Modeled Turbulent Fluxes in an Open-Canopy Forest
Authors: Wong Tony E. , Kleiber William , Noone David C.
Published: May 2017

Land surface models are notorious for containing many parameters that control the exchange of heat and moisture between land and atmosphere. Properly modeling the partitioning of total evapotranspiration (ET) between transpiration and evaporation is critical for accurate hydrological modeling, but depends heavily on the treatment of turbulence within and above canopies. Previous work has constrained estimates of evapotranspiration and its partitioning using statistical approaches that calibrate land surface model parameters by assimilating in situ measurements. These studies, however, are silent on the impacts of the accounting of uncertainty within the statistical calibration framework. The present study calibrates the aerodynamic, leaf boundary layer, and stomatal resistance parameters, which partially control canopy turbulent exchange and thus the evapotranspiration flux partitioning. Using an adaptive Metropolis–Hastings algorithm to construct a Markov chain of draws from the joint posterior distribution of these resistance parameters, an ensemble of model realizations is generated, in which latent and sensible heat fluxes and top soil layer temperature are optimized. A set of five calibration experiments demonstrate that model performance is sensitive to the accounting of various sources of uncertainty in the field observations and model output and that it is critical to account for model structural uncertainty. After calibration, the modeled fluxes and top soil layer temperature are largely free from bias, and this calibration approach successfully informs and characterizes uncertainty in these parameters, which is essential for model improvement and development. The key points of this paper are 1) a Markov chain Monte Carlo calibration approach successfully improves modeled turbulent fluxes; 2) ET partitioning estimates hinge on the representation of uncertainties in the model and data; and 3) despite these inherent uncertainties, constrained posterior estimates of ET partitioning emerge.
Understanding the Stories of Presidential Candidates: A Comparison Between the Stories of 2012 and 2016
Authors: Levine Kenneth J.
Published: May 2017

To be elected President of the United States, a candidate must create a story that both resonates with and persuades the electorate. Gardner suggested that “leaders achieve their effectiveness chiefly through the stories they relate” and that there are three types of leadership stories: Ordinary, Innovative and Visionary. The differences between the 2012 and 2016 U.S. Presidential elections are extreme. As the 2016 election was one of unusual and unexpected moments as compared with the more tame and typical election in 2012, this study compared the stories of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump with those of the 2012 election between Mitt Romney and Barack Obama. Results from the 2012 election found that Romney’s story fit into the category of Ordinary leader, while Obama’s story was one attributed to an Innovative leader. T tests found large and significant differences between candidate preference and story credibility and whether the stories motivated the respondents to vote. However, for the 2016 election, both candidates had innovative stories, and this may explain how one candidate won the popular vote, while the other received the majority of electoral votes.
Constrained by Duality: Third-Party Master Narratives in the 2016 Presidential Election
Authors: Neville-Shepard Ryan
Published: May 2017

The 2016 presidential election saw the rise and fall of third-party candidates Jill Stein and Gary Johnson. This essay proposes that such third-party candidates are challenged in navigating the dichotomous nature of the myth of the American Dream that serves as the basis of party master narratives. Suggesting that third-party candidates attempt to create alternative narratives through what Rushing and Frentz called dialectical transformation and dialectical synthesis, the essay examines how such strategies were put to use by Stein and Johnson, and how they demonstrate a significant disadvantage for third parties.
Multiple myeloma and acquired von Willebrand disease: a combined cause of preanalytical interference causing gel formation?
Authors: RicoRios Natividad , Bowles Louise , Ayling Ruth M
Published: May 2017

We report a patient with acquired von Willebrand disease, associated with multiple myeloma. At one stage in his illness, we were unable to analyse a sample sent in a serum separator tube, due to the presence of a gel within the separated serum layer. We suggest this was due to anomalous position of the gel because of the density of the sample caused by its high total protein concentration, exacerbated by fibrin strand formation because of inhibition of appropriate fibrin clot formation secondary to clotting disorder.
Electrophoretic patterns post daratumumab
Authors: Sheldon Joanna , Wheeler Rachel D , Powles Ray
Published: May 2017

Background

Daratumumab (Darzalex) is a human IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody targeting CD38 that has been recently approved for the treatment of refractory multiple myeloma. As it is a monoclonal protein, it can be detected on routine serum protein electrophoresis and by immunofixation.

Methods

Serum samples from four patients were analysed by serum protein electrophoresis immediately pre- and post-treatment with daratumumab.

Results

For all four patients, daratumumab was visible on serum protein electrophoresis as an additional small band (approximately 1 g/L) in the slow gamma region.

Conclusion

Diagnostic laboratories should be aware that daratumumab can be detected on routine serum protein electrophoresis of myeloma patients and should liaise closely with clinicians to ensure the presence of daratumumab is not misinterpreted as development of a new monoclonal protein.
How ‘flexible’ are careers in the anticipated life course of young people?
Authors: McDonald Paula K
Published: May 2017

Bridging literature that addresses the work–family interface and the changing nature of careers, this article examines, from a life course perspective, the extent to which, and why, young people anticipate careers as ‘flexible’. Drawing on 123 interviews with men and women engaged in different post-secondary education pathways in Australia, the study draws attention to the role of gender and to some extent class in shaping careers in a network of social relations. Three dimensions of flexible careers are examined: temporal, that is, through imagined possibilities in various stages of early adulthood; structural, including opportunities and constraints afforded by different industry sectors and workplaces; and relational, in terms of household-level role negotiations. The findings revealed that women continue to adapt their career goals to accommodate care, but that both men’s and women’s careers are shaped by contingencies including household income, home ownership, access to flexible work and ideological expectations of market/family work roles. These contextual dynamics directly impact on decisions in the present. The article underscores the need for an expanded research focus on work and care from a life course perspective in order to promote career flexibility in ways that align with young people’s broader aspirations for gender equality.
Crush asphyxia and ride-on lawn mowers
Authors: Byard Roger W , Langlois Neil EI
Published: May 2017

Search of files at Forensic Science SA, Australia, over the past 20 years (1997–2016) revealed three cases of death due to crush asphyxia associated with the use of ride-on lawn mowers. (1) A 61-year-old man was trapped under a ride-on mower that had rolled over. Autopsy examination revealed congestion and petechial haemorrhages of the face and chest, and markings on the chest associated with underlying rib fractures. (2) A 78-year-old man was trapped under a ride-on mower that had also rolled over. Autopsy examination revealed petechial haemorrhages of the face and chest and markings on the chest. (3) A 72-year-old man was found wedged between a ride-on mower and a tree, with petechial haemorrhages of the face and chest, and markings on the front and back of the chest. These cases demonstrate a rare cause of crush asphyxia, often in older males in the domestic environment, which may arise from more than one mechanism.
Reference Values of Static Balance in Spanish Preschool Children
Authors: Latorre Román Pedro Ángel , Mora López David , Robles Fuentes Alejandro , García Pinillos Felipe
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine age and sex differences in static balance (SB) and to determine norm-referenced values for Spanish preschool children. A total of 3,575 children, aged 3–6 years (age = 56.08 ± 11.11 months; body mass index = 15.94 ± 1.91 kg/m2; 1,759 girls and 1,816 boys) were selected from 51 schools in southern Spain. To measure SB, we used the Stork Balance Stand Test, averaging both right and left foot data for determining SB normative values, expressed in percentiles. Girls exhibited a better performance than boys at four years of age ( p = .010, Cohen’s d = −0.165), but a poorer performance at six years ( p = .002, Cohen’s d = 0.247). SB performance of the entire sample was higher with increased age, except for 5–6 years.
I’ve Had Enough: Exploring Gang Life From the Perspective of (Ex) Members in Alberta
Authors: Chalas Dawn Marie , Grekul Jana
Published: May 2017

Administrators and frontline workers in correctional centers and in the community search for effective gang prevention and intervention programs. To this aim, semistructured interviews with 175 male and female adult (ex) gang members in correctional centers and community corrections exploring a range of topics were conducted. Presented here is an overview of the childhood experiences of the sample, gang experiences, and prevention and intervention strategies identified as helpful by participants. Street–prison gang connections and the impact of gang desistance are explored, as is the influence of local context on the types of gangs and the implications for programming.
Face à l’affaissement du scénario politique : Parcours de redéfinition du catholicisme en Italie
Authors: Abbruzzese Salvatore
Published: May 2017

En Italie, on assiste depuis quelques temps à un indiscutable renouveau de l’attention autour de l’Église catholique. Il en résulte un réaménagement de l’espace public dans lequel l’Église italienne, depuis le pontificat du Pape François, a fini par se retrouver au centre de la scène médiatique. Cette position a fait émerger de nouvelles exigences d’une société italienne profondément secouée par le changement des modèles de consensus et de rapport au politique sur lesquels elle s’est construite depuis la deuxième moitié du 20ème siècle. L’objectif de cette réflexion est de mettre en évidence les caractéristiques de la crise de la modernité affectant l’Italie contemporaine et le regain d’intérêt porté à l’Église catholique. C’est par ce biais qu’il est possible de comprendre les enjeux qui se cachent derrière ce nouvel intérêt de l’opinion publique nationale au sein d’une société dont la sécularisation des institutions et la laïcisation des coutumes restent pourtant dominantes.
Effect of Diphenyl carbonate derivatives and Cobalt stearate on photo-degradation of low-density polyethylene
Authors: Bahrami Siamak , Khorasani Saied Nouri , Abdolmaleki Amir , Davoodi Seyyed Mohammadreza , Farzan Afsoon
Published: May 2017

This study reports the results of the investigation on photo-oxidative degradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in the presence of nonmetallic and metallic photo-initiators. In this regard, a mixture of cobalt stearate along with diphenyl carbonate (DPC) and its derivatives were added to LDPE and photo-degradation behaviors of LDPE films containing nonmetallic pro-oxidant (DPC and its derivatives) and cobalt stearate were investigated under ultraviolet (UV)-A radiation. The derivatives of DPC (4,4′-dichloro DPC, 4,4′-dinitro DPC, 4,4′-dihydroxy DPC, and 4,4′-dimethoxy DPC) were synthesized using the substitution reaction of phenol and DPC in aqueous phase. LDPE films of 70 ± 7 µm in thickness containing varying amounts of pro-oxidant (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 wt%) were prepared in an extruder by film blowing process. LDPE films with and without pro-oxidant were subjected to the UV-A exposure at 27°C for extended time periods. The physical and chemical changes induced by UV exposure have been monitored by various techniques like Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, density and viscosity measurements, tensile, and gravimetric analysis. The changes in carbonyl index (CI), molecular weight, and mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) showed that the incorporation of a combination of metallic/nonmetallic photo-initiators was highly effective in accelerating the photo-degradation of LDPE films and pro-oxidants had a higher degradation rate compare to blank samples. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the best performance was observed for 4,4′-dinitro DPC (0.5 wt%) with a CI and number of chain scission (CS) of 21.24 and 2.25, respectively, after UV exposure of 200 h; while the CI and CS values were lower for LDPE with no additive (2.83 and 0.092, respectively). Furthermore, in the case of films containing a combination of pro-oxidant cobalt stearate (0.1wt%) and 4,4′-dinitrodiphnyle carbonate, synergistic effects on photo-degradation behavior of LDPE have been experimentally observed.
A topolographical approach to infrastructure: Political topography, topology and the port of Dar es Salaam
Authors: Hönke Jana , Cuesta-Fernandez Ivan
Published: May 2017

Economic infrastructure hubs, such as ports, are crucial sites for exploring new political geographies. In such environments, mobilities are enabled and rigidly channelled premised on the stasis of the port-as-checkpoint. Such nodes are part of an ever-growing political geography of zones that requires more attention. This article proposes a ‘topolographical’ approach – a combined heuristic drawing from political topography and topology – to comprehend more fully the transformations in the political geographies of large-scale infrastructures. The cardinal nature of the port of Dar es Salaam makes it a crucial site through which to illustrate the purchase of this framework. The topographical analysis puts forward the port of Dar as archipelago of global territories, within which heterogeneous actors claim graduated authority. Drawing on topology, the article shows what is folded into the port, constantly shaping not only who governs but, more importantly, how power and authority are exercised. It will be shown how imaginaries of the port – as gateway, seamless space, and modernity ‘from scratch’ – as much as new technological devices work to produce historically and geographically distinct political geographies, and indeed bring new ones into being.
Higher prevalence of cerebral white matter hyperintensities in homozygous APOE-ɛ4 allele carriers aged 45–75: Results from the ALFA study
Authors: Rojas Santiago , Brugulat-Serrat Anna , Bargalló Nuria , Minguillón Carolina , Tucholka Alan , Falcon Carles , Carvalho Andreia , Morán Sebastian , Esteller Manel , Gramunt Nina , Fauria Karine , Camí Jordi , Molinuevo José L , Gispert Juan D
Published: May 2017

Cerebral white matter hyperintensities are believed the consequence of small vessel disease and are associated with risk and progression of Alzheimer's disease. The ɛ4 allele of the APOE gene is the major factor accountable for Alzheimer's disease heritability. However, the relationship between white matter hyperintensities and APOE genotype in healthy subjects remains controversial. We investigated the association between APOE-ɛ4 and vascular risk factors with white matter hyperintensities, and explored their interactions, in a cohort of cognitively healthy adults (45–75 years). White matter hyperintensities were assessed with the Fazekas Scale from magnetic resonance images (575 participants: 74 APOE-ɛ4 homozygotes, 220 heterozygotes and 281 noncarriers) and classified into normal (Fazekas < 2) and pathological (≥2). Stepwise logistic regression was used to study the association between pathological Fazekas and APOE genotype after correcting for cardiovascular and sociodemographic factors. APOE-ɛ4 homozygotes, but not heterozygotes, bear a significantly higher risk (OR 3.432; 95% CI [1.297–9.082]; p = 0.013) of displaying pathological white matter hyperintensities. As expected, aging, hypertension and cardiovascular and dementia risk scales were also positively associated to pathological white matter hyperintensities, but these did not modulate the effect of APOE-ɛ4/ɛ4. In subjects at genetic risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, the control of modifiable risk factors of white matter hyperintensities is of particular relevance to reduce or delay dementia’s onset.
The Employee Survey: Handle with care
Authors: Knight Kenneth
Published: May 2017

Employee surveys have become a popular management tool because of their ability to provide actual and quantative information about employees’ unbiased views under conditions of confidentiality. The corollaries of these qualities are often overlooked — for the individual employee a survey can be a frustrating, isolating experience underlying his powerlessness against a large organization. This makes it important that surveys should be undertaken for clear and comprehensible reasons and should be properly followed up. The article discusses some common misuses of the survey and their likely consequences, and then describes five major applications in which surveys can be of great value, under the headings of information, monitoring, diagnosing, consultation and change.
A Welfare State for the Elderly: Sham or Social Policy
Authors: Shreeve Martin W.
Published: May 2017

“I suppose I deserve being talked to that way. I've gotten so old. Most people think that when you get so old you either freeze to death or you burn up. But you don't. When you get so old all that happens is that people talk to you that way.” (Grandmother in Edward Albee's ‘The American Dream’ (1961).)
The US Takeover of the UK Electricity Supply Industry
Authors: Ghobadian Abby , James Philip , Liu Jonathan , Viney Howard
Published: May 2017

To what extent will the current wave of mergers, aimed at market concentration, really achieve long-term benefits? The evidence, at least in one market sector, implies that we may never know.
Finite element analysis of peak stress and stress gradient at an elliptical through-hole
Authors: Klungerbo Kristine , Härkegård Gunnar
Published: May 2017

The peak stress and stress gradient (parameters required for fatigue strength assessment) at an elliptical through-hole in a wide plate under uniaxial tension have been studied by means of three-dimensional finite element analysis with high mesh density. Dimensionless variables have been used throughout the investigation. The accuracy of two-dimensional finite element analysis has been assessed by extrapolating peak stress at an elliptical hole to infinite plate width and mesh density and comparing the extrapolated value with the closed-form Kolosov–Inglis solution (deviation < 0.2%). First- and second-order elements with full and reduced integration have been employed. Methods for determining stress gradients, using a varying number of nodal stresses, have been investigated. The accuracy of three-dimensional finite element analysis has been assessed by comparing the plane-strain peak stress for an elliptical through-hole with the corresponding plane-strain value from two-dimensional analysis (deviation < 0.1%). Peak stresses at the apex of the elliptical through-hole have also been determined for this three-dimensional mesh assuming a free plate surface. In particular, beside the maximum peak stress and its location, peak stresses have been determined at the surface and at the mid-plane of the plate for thicknesses ranging from 0.2 to 10 times the axis of the elliptical hole. The stress gradients at these locations have been determined, too. The minimum stress gradient is observed at the location of maximum stress. For sufficiently thin and thick plates, the mid-plane stresses approach two-dimensional plane-stress and generalised plane-strain solutions, respectively.
The retinal microcirculation in migraine: The Rotterdam Study
Authors: Wen Ke-xin , Mutlu Unal , Ikram M Kamran , Kavousi Maryam , Klaver Caroline CW , Tiemeier Henning , Franco Oscar H , Ikram M Arfan
Published: May 2017

Background

To explore the role of microvascular pathology in migraine, we investigated the association between migraine and retinal microvascular damage.

Methods

We included 3270 participants (age ≥ 45 years, 63% women) from the population-based Rotterdam Study (2006–2009). Participants with migraine were identified using a validated questionnaire based on ICHD-II criteria (n = 562). Retinopathy signs were graded on fundus photographs. Retinal arteriolar and venular caliber were measured by semi-automatic assessment of fundus photographs. Associations of migraine with retinopathy and retinal microvascular calibers were examined using logistic and linear regression models, respectively, adjusting for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors.

Results

Migraine was not associated with the presence of retinopathy (odds ratio (OR): 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62; 1.92). In the fully adjusted model, adjusting for the companion vessel, persons with migraine did not differ in retinal arteriolar or venular caliber compared to persons without migraine (mean difference in standardized arteriolar caliber −0.05 (95%CI −0.13; 0.03); in standardized venular caliber −0.00 (95%CI −0.09; 0.08)). Migraine subtypes, including migraine with aura, were also not associated with retinal microvascular damage.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that migraine is not associated with retinopathy or difference in retinal microvascular caliber. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
The Interface of Psychiatry and Medicine: Towards Integrated Health Care*
Authors: Lipowski Z.J.
Published: May 2017

Establishment of closer links with medicine in clinical work, research and teaching represents a major achievement of psychiatry in this century. Development of general hospital psychiatry has played a key role in this regard. Numerous studies quoted in this article have documented a large overlap between psychiatric and physical morbidity in the community and in all health care settings. These findings argue most strongly in favour of continued efforts to expand all activities at the interface of psychiatry and medicine, with truly integrated health care as the ultimate goal.
The Female Offender: A Canadian Study*
Authors: Robertson R.G. , Bankier R.G. , Schwartz L.
Published: May 2017

Consecutive female admissions to the Winnipeg Remand Centre were studied and data concerning personal history, family background, psychological factors and mental health were recorded. An effort was made to determine a typical profile of female offenders and relate this to the alleged offences. Our data failed to identify what has been described by others as the “new female criminal”.
Open Reporting in Child Psychiatry*
Authors: Susan Penfold P.
Published: May 2017

Although medical reports are usually viewed as special confidential communications between health care professionals, the author has found that there are many advantages to open communication with parents; having them present in conferences about their child and giving them copies of psychiatric reports. Personal experience, a survey done by the Child Development Program of BC Children's Hospital and the small amount of literature available suggest that “open reporting” increases parental understanding and taking of responsibility for constructive change.
Transient Mood Elevation Associated with Antidepressant Drug Decrease*
Authors: Corral M. , Sivertz K. , Jones B.D.
Published: May 2017

The development of hypomania, mania and transient mood elevation within 2–3 days of antidepressant discontinuation, and lasting days to several weeks has been reported in unipolar depressed patients. Imipramine and desipramine are the antidepressants most frequently associated with the above phenomena.

A reported case of transient mood elevation following abrupt reduction but not discontinuation of desipramine therapy in a woman with unipolar depression is described. The phenomenon was observed and documented on two separate occasions. Mood elevation occurred despite decreased plasma levels of the drug. Relapse followed despite maintenance of dose and similar drug plasma levels.

Factors which could account for the transitory improvement of mood are examined. It is suggested that the patient's improvement in mood may have occurred due to a rebound paradoxical therapeutic effect. The features of the presented case history which appear to support this hypothesis are discussed. Also the clinical implications of this phenomenon are reviewed.
Inpatient Treatment of Multiple Personality Disorder*
Authors: Ross Colin A.
Published: May 2017

Multiple personality disorder (MPD) was once thought to be rare, but there is increasing evidence that it is relatively common. In a period of a year the author had 73 inpatient admissions under his care, of which 8 were for MPD. Three of the MPD admissions were for previously undiagnosed cases in an unselected general adult population. Thus 4.4% of the author's inpatients, once MPD patients diagnosed prior to admission are excluded, had MPD. The implications of this finding are discussed. The diagnosis and inpatient treatment of MPD are reviewed.
Chômage et santé mentale*
Authors: Sasseville Marc , Grunberg Et Frédéric
Published: May 2017

Evidence linking unemployment with psychiatric morbidity is available since the thirties, but it is only in the seventies that a renewed research interest on this subject took place. Two research strategies seem to be emerging: an “ecological” approach establishing correlations between economical and health indicators for a given population. Another approach focuses on the psychiatric morbidity of samples of individuals who have lost their job compared to matched control groups of individuals still employed. Many of those studies did not limit themselves on the mental health of the unemployed but on the “rippling” effect of unemployment on the family and community.

Many aspects of the consequences of unemployment on mental health remain to be explored such as the effects of long-term unemployment, unemployment among women. Methods of emotional supportive interventions for the unemployed need also to be explored.

Furthermore the effects of a high level of unemployment on the programs of deinstitutionalization of the chronic mentally ill as well as the mentally handicapped should be evaluated.
La relation de causalité dans les causes d'indemnisation psychiatrique au travail
Authors: Begin Simon , Gregoire Michel
Published: May 2017

This article discusses a problem that is relatively common in psychiatric practice, but almost non existent in the literature, i.e., an occupational disability arising from a psychological trauma.

This inquiry focuses on an area in which millions of dollars a year are at stake. Legislative and administrative authorities are increasingly demand that psychiatrists define objective criteria on which legislators can base decisions in contentious cases.

What is the connection between the trauma and the current disability, and what is th risk of reoccurrence? Will the employee be able to resume his or her former duties ? It quickly becoms clear that clinical, administrative and legislative realities are often incompatible. This article will therefore provide an overview of the subject in a historical perspective, and to orient the reader, will briefly describe the legislative context in the US and Quebec, as well as the role of the expert in assessing causality. We will attempt, by means of an overall conceptual model, to provide a synopsis of the usual procedure in this type of expert assessment.
Psychogenic Catatonia with Elevated Creatine Kinase and Autonomic Hyperactivity
Authors: Chandler James D.
Published: May 2017

A case is presented in which a young man with no psychiatric history and no previous exposure to psychotropic medication rapidly developed severe catatonia and autonomic hyperactivity, and an elevated creatine kinase level. He was treated with electroconvulsive therapy and recovered completely. This case suggests that a subgroup of patients who presentated with symptoms resembling those of neuroleptic malignant syndrome and who have been treated with neuroleptics may suffer from severe psychogenic catatonia.
The Role of the Psychiatrist in Dangerous Offender Hearings
Authors: Coles E. M. , Grant F.E.
Published: May 2017

The current Canadian legislation regarding dangerous offenders is reviewed, with specific emphasis on the role of the required psychiatric testimony. It is suggested that, although this legislation as it is currently formulated could be viewed as an attempt to broaden the insanity defence, and permit the diversion of mentally ill offenders from a punitive to a therapeutic milieu, it enables the preventive detention of recidivist offenders. Some fundamental ethical issues which follow from this are identified, together with the issues which have dominated expert testimony in hearings held in British Columbia during the past 13 years.
A Multidisciplinary Treatment Approach to Postpartum Psychoses
Authors: Guscott Richard G. , Steiner Meir
Published: May 2017

Psychosis after childbirth occurs as a result of unique developmental and social demands. The authors have developed a treatment approach for the management of Postpartum psychotic mothers admitted with their babies, based on their experience on an acute psychiatric inpatient unit with a special interest in the treatment of postpartum disorders.

Five phases of the acute illness and recovery process are outlined. For each phase, a typical clinical situation, the specific tasks of the phase, and special problem areas are presented. The management guidelines are based on a multi-disciplinary team and phase-oriented approach.
Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents: The Contribution of the Child's Temperament and the Parents' Psychopathology and Attitudes
Authors: Kashani Javad H , Ezpeleta Lourdes , Dandoy Alison C. , Doi Susan , Reid John C.
Published: May 2017

Correlates of child psychopathology were studied in a community sample of 210 children and adolescents (with equal numbers of boys and girls). Children suffering from a psychiatric disorder had more temperamental difficulties and their parents showed a higher level of psychopathology than those without a disorder. Furthermore, a regression analysis revealed that difficult temperamental traits in the child and the parents' attitudes toward the child were primary predictors of psychiatric disorders in the child. The relationship between the parent and child as well as the environment-temperament impact on child, psychopathology are discussed.
Evaluation of I-C Papaverine in Patients with Psychogenic and Organic Impotence
Authors: Cooper A.J.
Published: May 2017

Forty men with organic or psychogenic impotence, who were highly motivated for treatment, were offered instruction in the intracavernosal (I-C) self-injection of papaverine and regular ongoing supervision by the investigator. Twenty declined immediately, citing a number of reasons, notably qualms about pain of the injection, side-effects and the un-naturalness of the method. Eleven patients discontinued the drug within 11 months; nine used it for at least one year, and all were continuing with it albeit less frequently at the time of assessment.

Those who discontinued treatment differed significantly from those who did not; the latter initially used the drug less frequently (less than once per month), did not have a regular sexual partner or had a poor relationship with their sexual partner, and reported a decline in libido during use of the drug.

The findings suggest that I-C papaverine, although effective in treating impotence, is not a panacea, and a large percentage of users (55% in our study) are likely to discontinue the drug within a relatively short period of time.
Long Term Psychiatric Treatment
Authors: Seeman Mary V.
Published: May 2017

Is long term psychiatric care superfluous? Can it be provided by non medical therapists? This paper examines this question from the perspective of one patient who was in therapy for 20 years.
Adolescent Murderers
Authors: Labelle Alain , Bradford J.M. , Bourget Dominique , Jones Barry , Carmichael Maryann
Published: May 2017

Clinical, developmental and environmental factors were retrospectively studied in 14 adolescent murderers who had been referred to a forensic psychiatric clinic over an 11 year period. Results of these analyses were compared with findings from previous reports. The majority of subjects came from split families. There was a greater than expected degree of psychiatric illness in the adolescents. Previous psychiatric contact, antisocial behaviour and substance abuse were common among these adolescents. A tentative profile of adolescents who are likely to commit murder can therefore be drawn up, which may suggest direction for preventive action and rehabilitation.
Consent to Treatment: Loophole in the Ontario Mental Health Act
Authors: Jaychuk G. , Manchanda R. , Galbraith D. A.
Published: May 2017

The issue of using substitute consent to obtain treatment for patients who are not competent to consent to treatment is complex. The authors present a case which illustrates that patients may delay treatment for extended periods of time by repeatedly challenging their incompetency status. The authors present proposals to change the present system.
Progressive damage simulation of scaling effects on open-hole composite laminates under compression
Authors: Zhou Song , Sun Yi , Muhammad Ridha , Chen Boyang , Tay Tong-Earn
Published: May 2017

The progressive damage simulation and strength prediction of open-hole fibre-reinforced composite laminates subjected to compressive loading is quite difficult due to numerical stability issues. Here, we proposed a progressive damage model for open-hole fibre-reinforced composite laminates subjected to compressive loading based on open-hole fibre-reinforced composite laminates under a tensile load. The proposed model is divided into two parts: the in-plane damage and delamination are modelled by continuum shell elements and cohesive elements, respectively, and the damage mechanics of sublaminate-scaled laminates with ply sequence [45/0/–45/90]ns and ply-level scaled laminates with ply sequence [45m/0m/−45 m/90 m]s are investigated by our proposed model. The complete failure process and mode of notched composite laminate under compressive load are also modelled in our model. The numerical results show good agreement with the experimental results.
Effects of acrylamide graded doses on metallothioneins I and II induction and DNA fragmentation: Bochemical and histomorphological changes in the liver of adult rats
Authors: Ghorbel Imen , Elwej Awatef , Chaabene Mariem , Boudawara Ons , marrakchi Rim , Jamoussi Kamel , Boudawara Tahya Sellami , Zeghal Najiba
Published: May 2017

The present study investigates the toxic effects of acrylamide (ACR) administered to rats at two doses on (i) oxidative stress and disruption of pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in hepatic cells and (ii) its correlation with metallothioneins (MTs) genes expression, DNA damage and histomorphological changes. Treated rats with 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight of ACR led to an increase in malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, advanced oxidation protein products, protein carbonyl levels as well as an alteration in the antioxidant status. Total MT content in the liver and MT I and MT II genes induction were increased. Plasma transaminases activities, albumin, total protein and glucose levels were also increased, while alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased. Moreover, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, TC/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were increased, while HDL-C decreased in a dose-dependent manner. A random DNA degradation was observed only in the liver of ACR-treated rats with the highest dose. These changes were confirmed by histopathological observations.
A Year of Bad Choices
Authors: Storer Heather L.
Published: May 2017

Teen dating violence (TDV) is a significant social justice issue. The prevention of TDV requires interventions across ecological systems levels including the macro-level. The media has been implicated as influencing societal-level narratives about TDV. Using critical discourse analysis methodology, the purpose of this study is to unpack the dominant cultural narratives about TDV in young adult (YA) literature, a media genre that is marketed to adolescents. Data include YA novels with a central focus on TDV ( n = 8). Through these novels, the language of gender inequality was supplanted by a postfeminist rhetoric of choice, personal responsibility, and self-help.
Natural Health Products and Community Pharmacy—Remove the Mysticism Not the Product
Authors: Blackburn David F. , Gill Munpreet , Krol Ed , Taylor Jeff
Published: May 2017

The allure of natural products has captivated humans for centuries. Although they can be compatible with evidence-based care, attitudes surrounding natural products can seem almost mystical and may even be accompanied by contempt toward Western medicine. Considering the high volumes of natural products sold in community pharmacies, pharmacists can inject balanced information to minimize the mysticism and help patients make informed decisions. The aim of this article is to argue for standardized guidelines pertaining to the management of natural products in community pharmacy practice.
Novel single marker approach to estimation of lower extremity movement
Authors: Navvab Motlagh Fateme , Arshi Ahmad Reza
Published: May 2017

Sacrum motion is used extensively in studying the biomechanical characteristics of walking. This study aimed at investigating the potential of sacrum motion to provide an estimation of important gait events in conjunction with predicting the motion of lower extremity segments. Three-dimensional trajectories of 37 reflective markers placed on anatomical landmarks of 14 healthy subjects were recorded while walking at self-selected normal walking speed on treadmill. Elevation angles of lower extremity segments in sagittal plane were estimated using the lower extremity markers. Regression analysis was used to estimate the ability of sacrum kinematic variables to predict lower extremity elevation angles. Prediction was performed at 10 different gait events extracted from three-dimensional sacrum trajectories. The coefficients of the predicting variables were analyzed at these events. The results indicated that heel strike and toe off event instances identified using trajectory of sacrum marker were close to the results of accurate kinematic methods. Additionally, the motion of this point was able to predict lower extremity angles with a suitable coefficient of determination at early single support and mid-swing events. A range of musculoskeletal disorders could be identified using the elevation angles at these events. This study could be considered as a step toward development of effective and simplified instrumentation in clinical diagnosis of gait disorders.
General model and improved global sliding mode control of the four-rotor aircraft
Authors: Xiu Chunbo , Liu Fengnan , Xu Guowei
Published: May 2017

In order to improve the versatility of the control method of the four-rotor aircraft, a general mathematical model, the rectangular four-rotor aircraft, is modeled, and two special cases, square cross structure and square X structure, are deduced. Based on the conventional global sliding mode control, an improved global sliding mode control is proposed to control the position and the attitude of the four-rotor aircraft. The dynamic sliding mode surface of the improved global sliding mode control can evolve into the linear sliding mode surface in a limited time by changing the decay function of the dynamic sliding mode surface. In this way, the controlled system has not only the strong global robustness but also the quick response rate. Simulation results show that the position and the attitude of the four-rotor aircraft can be controlled by the improved global sliding mode control, and the control performances, for instance the response speed, can be improved.
The consumption dilemma of digital capitalism
Authors: Staab Philipp
Published: May 2017

In the light of the growth crisis of contemporary capitalism, the digitalisation of the economy fosters hopes for spectacular productivity gains, giving economic growth a new impetus. However, such predictions ignore the fact that the growth crisis of contemporary capitalism is mainly a result of weak private demand. I argue that digitalisation represents a macro-strategy for economic transformation explicitly tackling this aspect. However, while several strategies aimed at rationalising consumption can be observed in leading digital economy companies, instead of solving the consumption problem by increasing demand, they tend to exacerbate the structural weakness of consumption. I coin the term ‘consumption dilemma’ to mark this phenomenon and briefly stress its implications for union policies.
Experience of Touch in Health Care: A Meta-Ethnography Across the Health Care Professions
Authors: Kelly Martina Ann , Nixon Lara , McClurg Caitlin , Scherpbier Albert , King Nigel , Dornan Tim
Published: May 2017

Touch mediates health professionals’ interactions with patients. Different professionals have reported their practices but what is currently lacking is a well-theorized, interprofessional synthesis. We systematically searched eight databases, identified 41 studies in seven professions—nursing (27), medicine (4), physiotherapy (5), osteopathy (1), counseling (2), psychotherapy (1), dentistry (1)—and completed a meta-ethnographic line-of-argument synthesis. This found that touch is caring, exercises power, and demands safe space. Different professions express care through the medium of touch in different ways. They all, however, expect to initiate touch rather than for patients to do so. Various practices negotiate boundaries that define safe spaces between health care professions and patients. A metaphor—the waltz—integrates the practice of touch. Health care professionals connect physically with patients in ways that form strong relationships between them while “dance steps” help manage the risk that is inherent in such an intimate form of connection.