bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards the First Generation of Biomimetic Fixation for Resurfacing Arthroplasty Endoprostheses
Authors: Uklejewski Ryszard , Winiecki Mariusz , Dąbrowski Mikołaj , Rogala Piotr
Published: February 2024

This paper presents advances in designs of resurfacing arthroplasty endoprostheses that occurred through their historical generations. The critical characteristics of contemporary generation hip resurfacing arthroplasty endoprostheses are given and the failures resulting from the specific generation cemented and short stem fixation of the femoral component are reviewed. On the background of these failures, the critical need arises for an alternative approach to the fixation of components of resurfacing arthroplasty leading towards the first generation of biomimetic fixation for resurfacing arthroplasty endoprostheses. The state of the art of the completed bioengineering research on the first biomimetic fixation for resurfacing arthroplasty endoprostheses is presented. This new design type of completely cementless and stemless resurfacing arthroplasty endoprostheses of the hip joint (and other joints), where endoprosthesis components are embedded in the surrounding bone via the prototype biomimetic multi-spiked connecting scaffold (MSC-Scaffold), initiates the first at all generations of biomimetic endoprostheses of diarthrodial joints.
Optimization Analysis of Partition Wall Support Scheme of Multi-Arch Tunnel
Authors: Yang Shun-Qing , Li Xue-Li , Zhang Wei , Fan Sheng-Yuan , Liu Lian-Baichao
Published: February 2024

With the fast progress of infrastructure projects, super-large cross-section projects are constantly emerging, and, therefore, engineering challenges and problems are increasing. Taking the triple-arch tunnel project in the turn-back line section of Santunbei Station in Urumqi Metro Line 1# as a case study, this research applied numerical simulation software Midas GTS/NX 2022 for the analysis of tunnel force and deformation in triple-arch cross-sections under different support forms of partition wall. Following the optimization of the support design of the mixed partition wall to a single straight wall, the following analytical results were obtained: surface settlement was decreased by 21.15% at the original cross-section; maximum values of principal stress and displacement of partition wall were decreased by 6.73 and 10.64%, respectively; and corresponding values for initial support structure were decreased by 21.47% and 54.74%, respectively. Meanwhile, combined with comparative analysis of engineering measurement and numerical simulation results, surface settlement and vault deformation were found to be similar to the optimized simulation results, which not only verified the reliability of simulation results but also ensured the safe and smooth construction of the project, greatly improving construction efficiency and saving construction time and cost.
Differential Fluorescent Chemosensing of Antibiotics Using a Luminescent Zn(II) Coordination Polymer Based on a 4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger’s Base Fluorophore
Authors: Patel Purti , Noushija Mannanthara Kunhumon , Shanmugaraju Sankarasekaran
Published: February 2024

The design and development of useful chemosensors for the ultra-trace detection of environmental pollutants and contaminants is a topical area of research. Herein, we report a new nanoscale emissive Zn(II) coordination polymer (TB-Zn-CP) for differential fluorescence sensing of various antibiotics in water. TB-Zn-CP was synthesized using a unique V-shaped green emitting 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger’s base (TBNap) fluorophore. The structural and morphological features of TB-Zn-CP were characterized by various standard spectroscopic and microscopy techniques. The fluorescence titration studies in water demonstrated a remarkable sensitivity and differential fluorescence sensing properties of TB-Zn-CP for the fast detection of different antibiotics. Among different antibiotics, chloramphenicol (CRP), 1,2-dimethyl-5-nitroimidazole (DMZ), and sulfamethazine (SMZ) displayed the highest fluorescence-quenching efficiency and superior sensitivity in their detection. The differential sensing capability of TB-Zn-CP was also indicated by visualizable color changes. The Stern–Volmer quenching constant KSV was determined to be in the order of 103–104 M−1, and the sensitivity was shown to be at a nanomolar (10−9 M) level. All these results confirm that TB-Zn-CP can be a potential and practically useful polymeric sensor for differential fluorescence and visual detection of different antibiotics in water.
Association between Mastery Motivation, Executive Function, and Daily Participation of Young Children with and without Global Developmental Delays
Authors: Lin Chien-Lin , Lin Hung-Yu , Wang Pei-Jung
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to examine the group differences in participation level between children with and without global delays and to explore the associations between mastery motivation, executive function, and participation in young children with and without global developmental delays (GDD). Methods: we recruited 26 children with GDD aged 2 to 5 years and 26 children with sex- and mental age-matched developing typically (TD). The participants were assessed child development using the standardized developmental test, and their mothers were asked to fill in questionnaires, including the revised Dimension of Mastery Questionnaire (DMQ 18) with preschool version to assess mastery motivation, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function with preschool version (BRIEF-P) to assess executive function, and the Young Children’s Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM) used to obtain participation levels. Results and conclusions: young children with GDD showed significantly lower participation levels at home, daycare, and community than TD group. We found that for young children, child mastery pleasure, health condition, and total persistence were significant predictors of child participation. Therefore, coaching parents to observe and facilitate their children’s motivation and executive function, as well as child developmental abilities, is important in order to enhance children’s participation in daily activities.
Utility of Rapid Nasopharyngeal Swab for Respiratory Pathogens in the Diagnosis of Viral Infections in Children Hospitalized with Fever: A Prospective Validation Study to Improve Antibiotic Use
Authors: Buonsenso Danilo , Morello Rosa , Mariani Francesco , Mazzoli Bianca , De Rose Cristina , Lazzareschi Ilaria , Raffaelli Francesca , Blandino Rita , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Valentini Piero
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Fever is among the most common reason for medical assessment and antibiotic prescription in practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate positive and negative predictive values of rapid nasopharyngeal swabs for respiratory pathogens to discriminate viral from bacterial infections. Methods: We prospectively tested children with signs and/or symptoms of infections (e.g., fever, cough, wheezing, suspected urinary tract infection) admitted to a paediatric department. Following discharge, clinical phenotypes were assigned defining a cohort of children having probable/certain viral infection, probable/certain bacterial infection, other inflammatory conditions or healthy controls. Results: In this study, 190 children were enrolled (50.5% females, median age 30.5 (8–86) months). In total, 102 patients (53.7%) were affected by respiratory viral infections, 16 (8.4%) by bacterial infections, 29 (15.3%) were healthy controls and 43 (22.6%) were affected by another pathological condition manifested with fever. In total, 84.3% of patients classified as viral infection tested positive for viruses, compared with 18.8% of patients with bacterial infection (p < 0.001), 18.6% of patients with other condition (p < 0.001) and 17.2% of control patients (p < 0.001). The positive predictive value of NPSs in the diagnosis of viral infection was 88.6% and the negative predictive value was 75.0%. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that rapid NPS tests for respiratory viruses are a useful tool to confirm viral infections in children with fever and improve antibiotic use.
The Minimally Invasive Bipolar Fixation for Pediatric Spinal Deformities: A Narrative Review
Authors: Miladi Lotfi , Solla Federico , Gaume Mathilde
Published: February 2024

Growing rod techniques are increasingly used for early-onset scoliosis in children. Unfortunately, they are associated with many complications, particularly neuromuscular scoliosis, favored by the poor general condition of these patients and the fragility of their osteoporotic bones. Furthermore, these interventions are often iterative and usually followed by vertebral fusion at the end of growth. This is a review of the literature on a recent fusionless technique, minimally invasive bipolar fixation, which is more stable than the traditional growing rod techniques and less aggressive than vertebral arthrodesis. It allows the avoidance of arthrodesis, owing to the solidity of the construct and the stability of the results, leading to progressive spinal stiffening that occurs over time. The results of this technique have been published with a long follow-up period and have confirmed that it can completely replace posterior vertebral arthrodesis, especially in the most complicated scoliosis. Because it preserves growth, this technique should be recommended for early-onset scoliosis before the age of 10 years. The use of a self-expanding rod can avoid the need for repeated surgery, thereby reducing the risk of complications and the overall cost of treatment.
Accelerating Multiple Sequence Alignments Using Parallel Computing
Authors: Bani Baker Qanita , Al-Hussien Ruba A. , Al-Ayyoub Mahmoud
Published: February 2024

Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) stands as a critical tool for understanding the evolutionary and functional relationships among biological sequences. Obtaining an exact solution for MSA, termed exact-MSA, is a significant challenge due to the combinatorial nature of the problem. Using the dynamic programming technique to solve MSA is recognized as a highly computationally complex algorithm. To cope with the computational demands of MSA, parallel computing offers the potential for significant speedup in MSA. In this study, we investigated the utilization of parallelization to solve the exact-MSA using three proposed novel approaches. In these approaches, we used multi-threading techniques to improve the performance of the dynamic programming algorithms in solving the exact-MSA. We developed and employed three parallel approaches, named diagonal traversing, blocking, and slicing, to improve MSA performance. The proposed method accelerated the exact-MSA algorithm by around 4×. The suggested approaches could be basic approaches to be combined with many existing techniques. These proposed approaches could serve as foundational elements, offering potential integration with existing techniques for comprehensive MSA enhancement.
Particle Size Effect on Optical and Gas-Sensing Properties of La0.67Ca0.2Ba0.13Fe0.97M0.03O3 (M = Ti4+, Mn3+, and Cr3+) Compounds
Authors: Dhahri Ahmed , Saoudi H. , Gavinho S. R. , Benali A. , Abdelmoula N. , Dhahri R. , Peng Lin , Wu Jiangtao , Pina J. , Costa B. F. O.
Published: February 2024

In the present work, the morphological, optical, and gas-sensing properties of La0.67Ca0.2Ba0.13Fe0.97M0.03O3 (M = Ti, Cr, and Mn) nano-powders prepared via the auto-combustion route, were investigated. TEM images prove the nanoscale particle size of all the samples. Optical studies confirm the semiconductor behavior of the studied materials. The response of the prepared nano-powders towards the presence of two gas-reducing agents (ethanol and acetone) was investigated. From the resistance ratio under air and gas, it was possible to determine the response to different gases and deduce that La0.67Ca0.2Ba0.13Fe0.97Ti0.03O3 presents the highest responses to ethanol and acetone. Likewise, we deduced that the prepared materials were able to detect low concentrations of ethanol and acetone gases.
Growth, Structure, and Spectroscopic Properties of a Disordered Nd:SrLaGaO4 Laser Crystal
Authors: Fang Shanshan , Liang Ling , Wang Wei , Lin Yiyang , Sun Yijian , Gong Guoliang , Tu Chaoyang , Wen Herui
Published: February 2024

A disordered Nd:SrLaGaO4 (Nd:SLG) laser crystal was successfully grown via the Czochralski (CZ) technique. The crystal structure, refractive index, polarized absorption spectra, and stimulated emission spectra were measured. The spectroscopic properties were studied intensively with the Judd–Ofelt (J-O) theory. The maximum absorption cross sections of π- and σ-polarization at 806 nm were calculated to be 3.73 × 10−20 and 4.05 × 10−20 cm2, corresponding to FWHMs of 6.00 and 6.10 nm, respectively. The maximum emission cross sections of π- and σ-polarization at 1076 nm were 3.97 × 10−20 and 4.12 × 10−20 cm2, with FWHMs of 30.21 and 19.44 nm, respectively. The decay life of the Nd3+:4F3/2 energy level was fitted to be 0.152 ms, and the fluorescence quantum efficiency was 72.72%. The inhomogeneous broadening in spectra benefiting from the disordered structure indicates the Nd:SLG crystal is a promising gain medium for ultrafast laser and tunable laser generations in the near infrared region.
Effects of Non-Native Annual Plant Removal on Native Species in Mediterranean-Climate Shrub Communities
Authors: Ta Priscilla M. , Griffoul Emily , Sorenson Quinn , Schmidt Katharina T. , Ostmann Isaac , Huxman Travis E. , Long Jennifer J. , Balazs Kathleen R. , Burger Jutta C. , Lulow Megan , Kimball Sarah
Published: February 2024

Removal of non-native plants is known to increase overall native cover within degraded communities that contain at least a small percentage of native plant cover. We investigated the mechanisms behind this pattern, asking whether removal of non-native annual species increases the density and species richness of the native community through increased seedling recruitment or through the growth of established native shrubs. We also investigated whether the effectiveness of non-native removal was influenced by region (coastal versus inland) and whether there was a threshold of native cover required for invasive removal to be effective. We established 13 study sites (7 coastal and 6 inland) located throughout the Nature Reserve of Orange County, CA, USA. Each degraded site contained four paired plots corresponding to a range of existing native plant cover: low 20–29%, medium-low 30–39%, medium-high 40–49%, and high cover 50–59% with one plot per pair subjected to non-native removal. We collected plant density, species richness, and established native shrub volume measurements to clarify the effectiveness of non-native removal. Non-native plant removal reduced non-native annual recruitment, increased that of native shrub seedlings, but had no impact on native forb recruitment. Non-native removal increased the number and reduced mortality of established native shrubs but did not influence shrub size. Native seedling density, species richness, and established native shrub number were highest inland, but coastal sites had larger adult shrubs. We found that non-native removal was most effective for increasing native density and species richness for degraded inland sites with less than 40% of existing native cover. The initial native cover did not affect established shrub volume or number. Our results confirm the importance of non-native plant removal in areas with medium-low or low native cover to increase native recruitment, species richness, adult shrub number, and to reduce established shrub mortality, especially during extreme drought.
Particles in Raw Sheep Milk Can Modulate the Inflammatory Response in THP-1, a Human Monocyte Cell Line, In Vitro
Authors: Simbi Bigboy , Pink Ryan C. , Whatford Louise , Lawson Charlotte
Published: February 2024

Background: The UK dairy sheep industry is relatively small but growing, particularly for cheese and yogurt products. Anecdotally, sheep milk (SM) may be better tolerated by humans than cows’ milk and could have environmental as well as health benefits. All milk contains sub-micron particles called extracellular vesicles (EVs) which are mainly derived from the mammary epithelium. Physiologically, milk-derived EVs are thought to aid in the development of infant immunity and the microbiome, but may also have health benefits to adult humans. The purpose of this study was to determine whether EVs could be isolated from raw sheep milk and whether they have any effect on inflammatory responses in THP-1, a human monocyte cell line, in vitro. Methods: Using sequential ultracentrifugation, vesicles of <1 µm (LEV) followed by <200 nm (sEVs) were isolated from six individual sheep during mid-lactation. RNA was extracted and microRNA analyzed by RTqPCR for sequences previously identified in cows’ milk. Human THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages and incubated with SM-derived LEVs and sEVs in the presence of pro-inflammatory LPS to measure the effects on the secretion of the chemokine CCL-2 or in the presence of DMNQ and fluorescent dihydrorhodamine-1,2,3 to measure reactive oxygen species. Results: LEVs induced an increase in ROS in both monocytes and macrophages, whilst sEVs decreased DMNQ-mediated ROS in macrophages but not monocytes. Interestingly, the LEVs did not induce CCL2 release; however, they increased LPS-induced CCL2 secretion in monocytes but not macrophages. miR26a, miR92a, miR125b, miR155 and miR223 were identified in both sEVs and LEVs by RT-qPCR and could be responsible for the modulation of ROS and CCL2 expression. Conclusions: These findings suggest that like cows’ milk, sheep milk contains EVs, and they can influence human monocyte/macrophage responses, and so is worthy of further investigation for its potential human- and non-human-animal health benefits.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in the Prediction of Right Heart Failure after Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Balcioglu Ozlem , Ozgocmen Cemre , Ozsahin Dilber Uzun , Yagdi Tahir
Published: February 2024

One of the most challenging and prevalent side effects of LVAD implantation is that of right heart failure (RHF) that may develop afterwards. The purpose of this study is to review and highlight recent advances in the uses of AI in evaluating RHF after LVAD implantation. The available literature was scanned using certain key words (artificial intelligence, machine learning, left ventricular assist device, prediction of right heart failure after LVAD) was scanned within Pubmed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Conventional risk scoring systems were also summarized, with their pros and cons being included in the results section of this study in order to provide a useful contrast with AI-based models. There are certain interesting and innovative ML approaches towards RHF prediction among the studies reviewed as well as more straightforward approaches that identified certain important predictive clinical parameters. Despite their accomplishments, the resulting AUC scores were far from ideal for these methods to be considered fully sufficient. The reasons for this include the low number of studies, standardized data availability, and lack of prospective studies. Another topic briefly discussed in this study is that relating to the ethical and legal considerations of using AI-based systems in healthcare. In the end, we believe that it would be beneficial for clinicians to not ignore these developments despite the current research indicating more time is needed for AI-based prediction models to achieve a better performance.
Practice and Biodiversity of Informal Ornamental Horticulture in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Mukubu Pika Léa , Mbavumoja Selemani Trésor , Jesuka Roselande , Meniko To Hulu Jean Pierre Pitchou , Sambieni Kouagou Raoul , Useni Sikuzani Yannick , Bogaert Jan
Published: February 2024

Biodiversity conservation is a key factor in meeting sustainable development goals. This is even more important in cities, where green spaces are becoming increasingly scarce. This study analyzes Kinshasa’s proliferating ornamental plant nurseries, known as informal horticultural sites (IHSs). The analysis focused on characterizing the profile of horticulturists, their production conditions, and the ornamental species produced. A total of 15 IHSs were sampled using the “snowball” technique, and 178 horticulturists were surveyed. Based on the socio-professional profile of the horticulturists, five groups of IHS are distinguished after a hierarchical clustering of principal components (HCPC). We found that IHSs exclusively employed men, most of whom were new to the trade, from all levels of education, and most of whom ranged from 19 to 45 years old. Production conditions are relatively similar from one site to another. However, all IHSs are characterized by permanent land insecurity, the use of phytosanitary products, plant-conditioning methods that are not very diversified and calibrated to growers’ investment capacities, and diversified seed acquisition methods. A total of 139 ornamental species, most of them exotic, were identified. Of these, 37% are phanerophytes, and 24% are considered potentially invasive. We suggest ways of professionalizing the activity and protecting the urban environment.
Supporting the Professional and Career Development of Doctoral Students
Authors: Rivas Carol
Published: February 2024

A doctoral student is someone studying for a doctoral degree, which is generally considered to be the highest academic qualification a university can award. The student develops research experience, while making an in-depth and original contribution to knowledge. They are supervised by university staff members (usually there are two, or a small panel) who train, mentor, and support the doctoral student. Professional and career development refers to support that helps students to not only grow as individuals and independent researchers, but to also have the option to successfully pursue either academic or non-academic roles after graduation. While this entry considers some international contexts, it is particularly oriented to the United Kingdom (UK) model, and to the most common doctoral degree, the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).
The phoD-Harboring Microorganism Communities and Networks in Karst and Non-Karst Forests in Southwest China
Authors: Chen Min , Qin Hanlian , Liang Yueming , Xiao Dan , Yan Peidong , Yin Mingshan , Pan Fujing
Published: February 2024

Phosphorous (P) limitation is common not only in tropical rainforest and savanna ecosystems, but also in karst forest ecosystems. Soil phoD-harboring microorganisms are essential in soil P cycles, but very little information is available about them in karst ecosystems. A total of 36 soil samples were collected from two types of forest ecosystems (karst and non-karst) over two seasons (rainy and dry), and the diversity and community structure of soil phoD-harboring microorganisms were measured. The contents of available P (AP), soil total P (TP), microbial biomass P (MBP) and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in karst forest soils were higher than those in non-karst forest soils, whereas the contents of CaCl2-P, citrate-P, enzyme-P and the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP) were the opposite. Soil AP content was significantly higher in the rainy season than in the dry season, whereas ALP activity was the opposite. The community structure of phoD-harboring microorganisms was more influenced by forest-type than season. The network connectivity was higher in non-karst forests than in karst forests. Two dominant orders, Burkholderiales and Rhizobiales, were the keystone taxa in these networks in two forests, and their relative abundances were higher in non-karst forests than in karst forests. The microorganic diversity indices (e.g., Shannon–Wiener, Evenness, Richness, and Chao1) were substantially higher in karst than in non-karst forests. These indices were positively correlated with the contents of SOC and TN in the two forests; meanwhile, richness and evenness indices were positively correlated with citrate-P, HCl-P, and TP in non-karst forests. Structural equation modelling results showed that the relative abundance of phoD-harboring microorganisms was mainly influenced by pH and AP, with direct affection of soil AP, pH, and ALP activity, and indirect affection of ALP activity through affecting AP. These findings highlight that the P cycle is mainly regulated by the diversity of phoD-harboring microorganisms in karst forest ecosystems, whereas it is mainly regulated by dominant taxa in non-karst forest ecosystems. In future, regulating the interaction networks and keystone taxa of phoD-harboring microorganisms may be critical to alleviating P limitations in karst forest ecosystems.
Financial Comparison of Continuous-Cover Forestry, Rotational Forest Management and Permanent Carbon Forest Regimes for Redwood within New Zealand
Authors: Bown Horacio E. , Watt Michael S.
Published: February 2024

Continuous-cover forestry (CCF), which maintains a relatively intact forest cover through selective harvesting, has emerged over the last few decades as a popular alternative to rotational forest management (RFM). Coast redwood, which is native to the western United States, grows rapidly in New Zealand and is well suited to CCF as it has high shade tolerance, an ability to coppice from the cut stem, and resistance to pests, diseases, wind and fire. A forest estate model was used to compare the carbon sequestration, timber production and profitability of redwood CCF, RFM and permanent carbon forestry (PCF) regimes at a regional level within New Zealand. Through linear programming, this model optimised carbon accumulation and harvesting decisions across a large forest to meet a series of constraints associated with each regime. All three regimes represented good investment decisions, but CCF had the highest soil expectation value (SEV) within most North Island regions while PCF had a slightly higher SEV within the South Island regions. Under the transitional CCF (CCFt), revenue from carbon initially increased before levelling out at 40 years, after which time a sustainable harvest of high-value timber commenced in perpetuity without additional revenue from carbon. The CCFt regime transitioned to a steady-state condition, with a uniform age class distribution from year 150 onwards (CCFs), after which time a very high SEV was attained that exceeded that of CCFt by four-fold in the North Island (NZD 136,126/ha vs. NZD 34,430/ha) and seven-fold (NZD 44,714 vs. NZD 6267/ha) in the South Island. This study highlights the profitability of managing redwood under CCF and how initial carbon revenue can be used to finance the transition of the forest to a steady-state condition that produces a stream of valuable timber with a very high rate of return.
High-Level Secretory Production of Recombinant E2-Spy Antigen Protein via Combined Strategy in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Li Bingkun , Zheng Yiheng , Zhao Shida , Zhang Yaohan , Li Ding
Published: February 2024

E2-Spy (abbreviated as ES) plays a vital role as a component in the Bacterial-Like Particles (BLPs) vaccine against classical swine fever virus (CSFV). This vaccine demonstrates remarkable immunoprotection, highlighting the importance of augmenting ES production in the development of CSFV subunit vaccines. In this study, a Pichia pastoris strain capable of high-yield secretory production of ES was developed through signal peptide engineering, gene dosage optimization and co-expression of molecular chaperones. Initially, a hybrid signal peptide cSP3 was engineered, leading to a 3.38-fold increase in ES production when compared to the control strain 1-α-ES. Subsequently, cSP3 was evaluated for its expression efficiency alongside different commonly used signal peptides under multicopy conditions. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that 2-αd14-ES exhibited the highest ES production, displaying a 4.38-fold increase in comparison to 1-α-ES. Afterwards, SSA1, YDJ1, BIP, LHS1, and their combinations were integrated into 2-αd14-ES, resulting in a 1.92-fold rise in ES production compared to 2-αd14-ES (equivalent to a 6.18-fold increase compared to 1-α-ES). The final yield of ES was evaluated as 168.3 mg/L through comparison with serially diluted BSA protein bands.
Enhancing Pullulan Production in Aureobasidium pullulans through UV Mutagenesis Breeding and High-Throughput Screening System
Authors: Zhang Shuyue , Feng Zhe , Zeng Qingming , Zeng Junhao , Liu Huijing , Deng Pan , Li Shangyu , Li Nan , Wang Junqing
Published: February 2024

This study addresses the production enhancement of pullulan, an extracellular polysaccharide with various applications. Pullulan is primarily produced by Aureobasidium pullulans (A. pullulans), and genetic modification is commonly used to increase its yield. However, there is a need for a more efficient and safer method. To achieve this, we designed a high-throughput screening system utilizing a unique fluorescent protein specific to pullulan. Ultraviolet (UV) mutagenesis was applied to create a pool of mutant strains, and flow cytometry allowed for single-cell screening. Our approach yielded strain M1-B3, which exhibited a substantial increase in pullulan production from 26.5 g/L to 76.88 g/L. Additionally, the molecular weight of the produced pullulan significantly increased, expanding its potential commercial application. This study demonstrates an efficient and safe method to enhance pullulan production in A. pullulans. The UV mutagenesis and flow cytometry based on screening not only increased yield but also improved pullulan’s molecular weight. The adaptability of this method to other polysaccharides and its potential for genomic analysis and broader applications make it a valuable tool in bioproduction.
Growth Performance and Environmental Quality Indices and Biomarkers in a Co-Culture of the European Sea Bass with Filter and Deposit Feeders: A Case Study of an IMTA System
Authors: Cotou Efthimia , Miliou Helen , Chatzoglou Evanthia , Schoina Eirini , Politakis Nektarios , Kogiannou Dimitra , Fountoulaki Eleni , Androni Afrodite , Konstantinopoulou Aggeliki , Assimakopoulou Georgia , Nathanailides Cosmas
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system comprising co-cultured fed fish and organic extractive species representing three distinct trophic levels as well as the impact and potential utilization of two commercially available fish feeds made up of 35% fish meal (FM) and 20% fish meal (LFM) ingredients, using a multi-indicator assessment approach. Significant alterations were observed in growth performance indicators (GPIs), water and sediment quality indices, toxicity tests and biomarkers within the IMTA system. The fish survival, weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) were higher in the IMTA system with significantly lower feed conversion ratios (FCRs) and higher feed efficiency (FE) in comparison to the fed fish monoculture system. Yet, organic filter feeders displayed 100% survival, and increased shell growth, while deposit feeders exhibited successful survival and significant weight gain. In the comparison between FM-IMTA and LFM-IMTA, fed fish in FM-IMTA showed higher WG, SGR, and FE with lower FCR. Environmental parameters like temperature, oxygen, and nutrient concentrations fluctuated but generally improved in the IMTA system, indicating lower mesotrophic conditions. Sediment fatty acid profiles differed between systems and toxicity assessments, which suggested a lower impact in IMTA and FM-IMTA systems. The sediment microbial community displayed high similarity within IMTA systems and between FM-IMTA and LFM-IMTA. These findings underscore the potential of IMTA systems for sustainable aquaculture, emphasizing improved growth performance and reduced environmental impact, particularly when using fish meal feeds.
Distribution of Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Food of Animal Origin in Croatia
Authors: Đokić Maja , Nekić Tamara , Varenina Ivana , Varga Ines , Solomun Kolanović Božica , Sedak Marija , Čalopek Bruno , Kmetič Ivana , Murati Teuta , Vratarić Darija , Bilandžić Nina
Published: February 2024

Pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental pollutants. When entering the food chain, they can represent a public health problem due to their negative effects on health. In this study, concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), pyrethroids, carbamates, and PCBs—a total 73 compounds—were determined in a total of 2268 samples of fat tissues (beef, pork, sheep, goat, poultry, game, horse, rabbit) and processed fat, meat, and processed meat products collected in Croatia during an 8-year period. In fatty tissues, 787 results exceeded the limits of quantification (LOQ): 16 OCPs, eight OPPs, six pyrethroids, one carbamate, and seven PCBs. The most positive results in fat samples were found for OCPs, with a frequency of quantification in the range of 57.5–87.5%. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) were quantified in the highest percentages, in the ranges of 5.5–66.7% and 5.4–55.8%. Concentrations above the MRL values were determined for chlorpyrifos in pork fat and for resmethrin in six fat samples and one pâté. In 984 samples of meat and meat products, only 62 results exceeded the LOQ values. The highest frequency of quantification was determined for OCPs (25 samples), of which 40% were DDT isomers (60% DDE). Frequency quantifications of PCBs in fat samples were between 7.23 and 36.7%. An evaluation of the health risk assessment showed that the consumption of fat, meat, and meat products does not pose a threat to consumer health, since all EDI values were well below the respective toxicological reference values.
Geographical Origin Authentication—A Mandatory Step in the Efficient Involvement of Honey in Medical Treatment
Authors: Magdas Tudor Mihai , David Maria , Hategan Ariana Raluca , Filip Gabriela Adriana , Magdas Dana Alina
Published: February 2024

Nowadays, in people’s perceptions, the return to roots in all aspects of life is an increasing temptation. This tendency has also been observed in the medical field, despite the availability of high-level medical services with many years of research, expertise, and trials. Equilibrium is found in the combination of the two tendencies through the inclusion of the scientific experience with the advantages and benefits provided by nature. It is well accepted that the nutritional and medicinal properties of honey are closely related to the botanical origin of the plants at the base of honey production. Despite this, people perceive honey as a natural and subsequently a simple product from a chemical point of view. In reality, honey is a very complex matrix containing more than 200 compounds having a high degree of compositional variability as function of its origin. Therefore, when discussing the nutritional and medicinal properties of honey, the importance of the geographical origin and its link to the honey’s composition, due to potential emerging contaminants such as Rare Earth Elements (REEs), should also be considered. This work offers a critical view on the use of honey as a natural superfood, in a direct relationship with its botanical and geographical origin.
Effects of Ugali Maize Flour Fortification with Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) on Its Physico-Chemical Properties and Consumer Acceptability
Authors: Chemutai Susan , Mburu Monica , Njoroge Daniel , Zettel Viktoria
Published: February 2024

The study investigated the effect of incorporating whole chia seeds (WCS) and defatted chia seed flour (DCF) into whole maize meal for ugali preparation. Both were incorporated at substitution levels of 3%, 6%, and 9% separately, and the resulting treatments subjected to laboratory analysis. In addition, ugali samples were prepared from all the resulting flour formulations and subjected to consumer acceptability assessment. Incorporation of both DCF and WCS resulted in increased water absorption capacity (ranging from 0.78 to 0.98 g/mL), swelling index (ranging from 0.15 to 3.25 mL/g), and swelling capacity (ranging from 2.46 to 5.74 g/g). WCS decreased the bulk density and oil absorption capacity. DCF, however, resulted in an increase in bulk density and oil absorption capacity. Both DCF and WCS lowered the lightness (L*) of the products. Proximate composition ranged from 4.78 to 7.46% for crude fat, 7.22% to 9.16% for crude protein, and 1.74 to 4.27% for crude fiber. The obtained results show the potential of chia seeds as a good fortificant of maize flour since it resulted in nutritionally superior products (crude ash, crude protein, crude fat, and energy value) when compared to control. The freshly prepared ugali samples were generally acceptable to the panelists up to 9% WCS and 6% DCF substitution levels.
Innovative Delivery Methods in the Last-Mile: Unveiling Consumer Preference
Authors: Karlı Halil , Tanyaş Mehmet
Published: February 2024

Background: Consumer preferences are one of the most dominant factors shaping the implementation of last-mile delivery innovations. This study investigates how innovative delivery methods affect consumers’ last-mile delivery preferences and focuses on understanding consumer expectations for integrating these methods. Methods: A discrete choice experiment was implemented. Data from 480 participants in Istanbul were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression using the Apollo package in R Studio. Results: For the selection of delivery to the address, the delivery price, delivery term, and the delivery time window are significant attributes. However, the delivery method and information and tracking attributes do not emerge as decisive attributes in this choice. For the selection of delivery points, the delivery price, delivery term, distance, pick-up accessibility, information and tracking, and the delivery method have been identified as key influencing attributes. Conclusions: The study suggests actionable recommendations aimed at improving negative perceptions of delivery points, advocating for harmonized regulatory frameworks, strategically integrating technology, and developing delivery schedules to enhance overall service quality. This study fills a gap in the literature by examining different last-mile delivery attributes and locations. It also provides valuable insights in understanding consumer expectations and innovative delivery methods.
Local Genomic Instability of the SpTransformer Gene Family in the Purple Sea Urchin Inferred from BAC Insert Deletions
Authors: Barela Hudgell Megan , Momtaz Farhana , Jafri Abiha , Alekseyev Max , Smith L.
Published: February 2024

The SpTransformer (SpTrf) gene family in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, encodes immune response proteins. The genes are clustered, surrounded by short tandem repeats, and some are present in genomic segmental duplications. The genes share regions of sequence and include repeats in the coding exon. This complex structure is consistent with putative local genomic instability. Instability of the SpTrf gene cluster was tested by 10 days of growth of Escherichia coli harboring bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones of sea urchin genomic DNA with inserts containing SpTrf genes. After the growth period, the BAC DNA inserts were analyzed for size and SpTrf gene content. Clones with multiple SpTrf genes showed a variety of deletions, including loss of one, most, or all genes from the cluster. Alternatively, a BAC insert with a single SpTrf gene was stable. BAC insert instability is consistent with variations in the gene family composition among sea urchins, the types of SpTrf genes in the family, and a reduction in the gene copy number in single coelomocytes. Based on the sequence variability among SpTrf genes within and among sea urchins, local genomic instability of the family may be important for driving sequence diversity in this gene family that would be of benefit to sea urchins in their arms race with marine microbes.
Analyzing Latent Burnout Profiles in a Sample of Spanish Nursing and Psychology Undergraduates
Authors: Aguayo-Estremera Raimundo , Membrive-Jiménez María José , Albendín-García Luis , Gómez-Urquiza José L. , Romero-Bejar José Luis , De la Fuente-Solana Emilia Inmaculada , Cañadas Gustavo R.
Published: February 2024

There is abundant literature suggesting that university students in helping professions experience high levels of stress, leading to an increased risk of developing burnout. The objective of this study was to identify burnout profiles in a sample of 1162 Spanish nursing and psychology undergraduates using latent profile analysis, a person-oriented statistical method that can identify hidden homogenous subgroups within a heterogeneous population. We expected to replicate in university students the five-profile structure (burnout, overextended, disengaged, ineffective, and engagement) proposed by Leiter and Maslach using the burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy) as indicators. The results showed that burnout, overextended, and engagement profiles were adequately replicated. Given that levels of inefficacy and cynicism were medium to low, the ineffective and disengaged profiles somewhat deviated from those identified by Leiter and Maslach. We found differences between the five latent profiles in several psychological variables, such as depression and anxiety. These results suggest that psychosocial factors (e.g., workload) are significant among students and may adversely impact their health, leading to psychosomatic and emotional disorders. Hence, designing effective interventions to prevent health problems associated with burnout seems advisable, considering the specific burnout profile that a student exhibits.
Analysis of Maternal Positions during the Dilation and Expulsive Phase and Their Relationship with Perineal Injuries in Eutocic Deliveries Attended by Midwives
Authors: Martín-Vázquez Cristian , Goás-Gómez Noelia , Calvo-Ayuso Natalia , Rosón-Matilla Laura , Quiroga-Sánchez Enedina , García-Fernández Rubén
Published: February 2024

This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to analyze the relationship between maternal positions during the expulsion phase and perineal outcomes in 367 eutocic births attended by midwives or midwifery residents at a public hospital in northern Spain in 2018. A total of 94.3% of women opted for horizontal positions. Limited sacral retroversion was observed in 71.7%, potentially influencing perineal outcomes. A low incidence of tears indicated effective management during the expulsive phase, with an episiotomy rate of 15.3%, which was slightly above the 15% standard. Primiparity and maternal age were identified as risk factors associated with episiotomy. Additionally, sacral mobilization and vertical positions during delivery were significantly related to fewer perineal injuries, suggesting benefits for both mother and newborn. The correlation between maternal positions and the need for epidural analgesia highlighted the importance of considering these in pain management during childbirth. Despite limitations, the study provides valuable insight into obstetric practices and advocates for a woman-centered approach that respects autonomy during childbirth. Further research is needed to explore biomechanical parameters and enhance childbirth experiences.
Living with Multimorbidity through Time: A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Longitudinal Evidence
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Christensen Martin
Published: February 2024

The growing prevalence of multimorbidity places a strain on primary healthcare globally. The current study’s aim was to identify, appraise, and synthesize published qualitative longitudinal research on individuals’ experiences concerning living with multimorbidity through time. The authors searched two electronic databases, MEDLINE and CINAHL, and performed an additional literature search in Google Scholar. A thematic synthesis approach was used to analyze the qualitative data across the studies. A total of 10 reports that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the synthesis. Five descriptive themes emerged from the analysis of the living experiences of individuals with multimorbidity: (1) perceiving multimorbidity, (2) managing chronic conditions, (3) emotional struggles in everyday life with multimorbidity, (4) interactions with the healthcare system and healthcare professionals, and (5) family support. This meta-synthesis provides insights into the diverse perceptions of multimorbidity and how individuals cope with their chronic conditions in their daily lives. The findings highlight the importance of establishing effective patient-centered care that acknowledges and supports the multifaceted needs of this population. It is also recommended to involve a psychological component in the care of individuals with multimorbidity, as part of a collaborative and interprofessional approach.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Surveillance of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil: An Ecological Study
Authors: Silveira Josefa Rayane Santos , Lima Shirley Verônica Melo Almeida , dos Santos Allan Dantas , Siqueira Luana Silva , Santos Guilherme Reis de Santana , Sousa Álvaro Francisco Lopes de , de Oliveira Layze Braz , Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa , Ribeiro Caíque Jordan Nunes
Published: February 2024

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the notification of new VL cases in Brazil in 2020. It is an ecological and time-series study (2015–2020) with spatial analysis techniques, whose units of analysis were the 5570 Brazilian municipalities. The study population consisted of all new cases of VL recorded between 2015 and 2020. The P-score was calculated to estimate the percentage variation in new VL cases. Global and local univariate Moran’s Indices and retrospective space–time scan statistics were used in spatial and space–time analyses, respectively. It was expected that there would be 3627 new cases of VL in Brazil in 2020, but 1932 cases were reported (−46.73%). All Brazilian regions presented a negative percentage variation in the registration of new VL cases, with the Southeast (−54.70%), North (−49.97%), and Northeast (−44.22%) standing out. There was spatial dependence of the disease nationwide in both periods, before and during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a significant reduction in the incidence of new VL cases in Brazil during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings reinforce the need for better preparedness of the health system, especially in situations of new epidemics.
Quantum Computing and Machine Learning on an Integrated Photonics Platform
Authors: Zhu Huihui , Lin Hexiang , Wu Shaojun , Luo Wei , Zhang Hui , Zhan Yuancheng , Wang Xiaoting , Liu Aiqun , Kwek Leong Chuan
Published: February 2024

Integrated photonic chips leverage the recent developments in integrated circuit technology, along with the control and manipulation of light signals, to realize the integration of multiple optical components onto a single chip. By exploiting the power of light, integrated photonic chips offer numerous advantages over traditional optical and electronic systems, including miniaturization, high-speed data processing and improved energy efficiency. In this review, we survey the current status of quantum computation, optical neural networks and the realization of some algorithms on integrated optical chips.