bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The temperature effect on the compressive performance of laminated bamboo lumber
Authors: Xu Wei , Li Haitao , Chen Chen , Yao Lianshu , Corbi Ottavia
Published: September 2022

In order to study the temperature effect on the compression performance of laminated bamboo lumber (LBL), a total of 11 temperatures were set, and 198 specimens were tested in three loading directions: parallel to the grain, perpendicular to the grain in the flatwise and edgewise section. Based on the results, the color changes and failure modes at different temperatures were analyzed. The difference of the failure process under different temperatures was compared, and the changes of the microstructure such as the vascular bundle were observed, which was helpful to further discuss the influence of temperature on the failure mechanism of LBL. It was found that the compressive strength parallel to the grain is obviously greater than that perpendicular to the grain, and the compressive strength perpendicular to the grain in the flatwise and edgewise section was close. The results showed that the average compressive strength of the specimens in three loading directions at 20℃ was 45.07 MPa, 12.13 MPa, and 10.75 MPa respectively. Compared with that, the compressive strength in three directions increased by more than 80% at low temperature (-60℃), and the loss of compressive strength exceeded 70% at high temperature (200℃). Therefore, an empirical formula of compressive strength reduction (increase) factor was established by regression analysis.
The effect of delaying composite resin restoration after silver diamine fluoride pretreatment on the Shear Bond Strength of the final restoration : An in-vitro study
Authors: Aboulsaood Eman H. , Bakry Niveen S. , Zeitoun Sarah I. , Aboulgheit Salma A.
Published: September 2022

Background:Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) is a promising caries arresting material that can prevent recurrent caries when applied prior to composite resin. However, SDF can negatively affect the shear bond strength (SBS) of dental adhesives. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of delaying final restoration for one week after SDF pretreatment on shear bond strength of composite resin.Materials and methods:Sixty-six extracted sound primary teeth were randomly allocated to one of three groups as follows ; Group 1 (Control group): composite restoration without pretreatment, group 2: 38% SDF pretreatment + immediate composite restoration, group 3: 38% SDF pretreatment + 1-week aging + composite restoration. Each group was further divided into two subgroups according to the bonding protocol used as follows: (Subgroup ER) etch-and-rinse technique and (Subgroup SE) self-etch technique. SDF and composite resin were applied to the flattened buccal dentinal surfaces. SBS was measured using universal testing machine. Mode of failure was assessed by stereomicroscope. Elemental contents and depth of penetration were assessed using energy dispersive x-ray stereoscopy (EDS).Results:A statistically significant difference in mean SBS was found between group 2 (39.88±27.35) and group 1 (85.17 ± 40.43), but no significant difference was found between group 3 (96.70 ± 30.28)and group 1 (85.17 ± 40.43). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in mean SBS between subgroup 2ER (52.23 ± 30.13) and 2SE (27.53± 18.11). EDS analysis revealed deeper penetration of silver ions over time.Conclusions: Delaying composite resin restoration bonding to primary dentin for one week after SDF pretreatment eliminated any negative impact on SBS of the final restoration.
High-resolution structural variation catalogue in a large-scale whole genome sequenced bovine family cohort data
Authors: Lee Young-Lim , Bosse Mirte , Takeda Haruko , Moreira Gabriel Costa Monteiro , Karim Latifa , Druet Tom , Oget-Ebrad Claire , Coppieters Wouter , Veerkamp Roel F. , Groenen Martien A. M. , Georges Michel , Bouwman Aniek C. , Charlier Carole
Published: September 2022

Background
Structural variations (SVs) are chromosomal segments that differ between genomes, such as deletions, duplications, insertions, inversions and translocations. The genomics revolution enabled the discovery of sub-microscopic SVs via array and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data, paving the way to unravel the functional impact of SVs. Recent human expression QTL mapping studies demonstrated that SVs play a disproportionally large role in altering gene expression, underlining the importance of including SVs in genetic analyses. Therefore, this study aimed to generate and explore a high-quality bovine SV catalogue exploiting a unique cattle family cohort data (total 266 samples, forming 127 trios).
Results
We curated 13,731 SVs segregating in the population, consisting of 12,201 deletions, 1,509 duplications, and 21 multi-allelic CNVs (> 50-bp). Of these, we validated a subset of copy number variants (CNVs) utilising a direct genotyping approach in an independent cohort, indicating that at least 80% of the CNVs are true variants, segregating in the population. Among gene-disrupting SVs, we prioritised two likely high impact duplications, encompassing ORM1 and POPDC3 genes, respectively. Liver expression QTL mapping results revealed that these duplications are likely causing altered gene expression, confirming the functional importance of SVs. Although most of the accurately genotyped CNVs are tagged by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ascertained in WGS data, most CNVs were not captured by individual SNPs obtained from a 50K genotyping array.
Conclusion
We generated a high-quality SV catalogue exploiting unique whole genome sequenced bovine family cohort data. Two high impact duplications upregulating the ORM1 and POPDC3 are putative candidates for postpartum feed intake and hoof health traits, thus warrants further investigation. Generally, CNVs were in low LD with SNPs on the 50K array. Hence, it remains crucial to incorporate CNVs via means other than tagging SNPs, such as investigation of tagging haplotypes, direct imputation of CNVs, or direct genotyping as done in the current study. The SV catalogue and the custom genotyping array generated in the current study will serve as valuable resources accelerating utilisation of full spectrum of genetic variants in bovine genomes.
Allogeneic Blood or Marrow Transplantation with Post-transplantation Cyclophosphamide for Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma: Importance of Graft Source
Authors: Sterling Cole , Hughes Michael , Tsai Hua-Ling , Yarkony Kathryn , Fuchs Ephraim , Swinnen Lode , Paul Suman , Bolaños-Meade Javier , Luznik Leo , Imus Philip , Ali Syed , Jain Tania , Ambinder Alexander , DeZern Amy , Huff Carol , Gocke Christian , Varadhan Ravi , Wagner-Johnston Nina , Jones Richard John , Ambinder Richard
Published: September 2022

While allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation (alloBMT) is an effective therapy for peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), the optimal approach in this patient population remains to be determined. Here we review outcomes in 65 consecutive patients with PTCL who underwent alloBMT with non-myeloablative (NMA) conditioning and post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. The graft source was bone marrow (BM) in 46 patients (71%) and peripheral blood (PB) in 19 patients (29%); all patients in the BM cohort received 200 cGy TBI, and most in the PB cohort (15/19) received 400 cGy TBI. With a median follow up of 2.8 years (range, 290 days-14.2 years), the 2-year PFS for the entire cohort was 49% (95% confidence interval [CI] 38–64%), and the 2-year OS was 55% (95% CI 44–69%). Outcomes were significantly improved in those receiving PB, including 2-year PFS of 79% (95% CI 63–100%) vs. 39% (95% CI 27–56%), 2-year OS of 84% (95% CI 69–100%) vs. 46% (95% CI 33–63%), and 1-year cumulative incidence of (CuI) relapse of 5% (95% CI 0–16%) vs. 33% (95% CI 19–46%), with no difference in GVHD or non-relapse mortality (NRM).
Adherence of kelp (Saccharina latissima) gametophytes on ropes with different binder treatments and flow regimes
Authors: Visch Wouter , Larson Ann , Åberg Per , Toth Gunilla B.
Published: September 2022

The cultivation of kelp typically involves two stages, where an indoor hatchery phase proceeds the grow-out phase at-sea. The in situ adhesion of microscopic propagules onto specifically designed substrates using binders has been proposed as an alternative to conventional hatchery methods where juvenile seaweeds are cultured on seeded twine, aimed at saving resources while increasing productivity as it obviates the hatchery phase. Here we tested how well kelp (Saccharina latissima) gametophytes adhere to cultivation ropes using two binder types (agar and κ-carrageenan) and application treatment (separate or mixed application) under two ecologically relevant flow regimes (5 and 15 cm s− 1), and a control condition (0 cm s− 1) in a laboratory flume. Our findings indicate that the effectiveness of a binder to retain S. latissima gametophytes onto cultivation rope, measured by the sporophyte density, was comparable for all binder types in the high flow velocity (15 cm s− 1) treatments, including the non-binder control treatment. Sporophyte densities were highest in the low flow velocities (0 and 5 cm s− 1) in the absence of a binder compared to all other treatment combinations. In conclusion, our results highlight that the effectiveness of binder assisted seeding of kelp propagules did not differ between the binder and non-binder treatments and was unaffected by flow velocities for the binder treatments. These findings are important in the development of novel methods and further optimisation of existing binder-based methods aimed at retaining seaweed propagules onto cultivation rope.
The association between concomitant rheumatoid arthritis and peripheral arterial and health-related quality of life and functional capacity: a systematic review
Authors: Zoubi Tayser , Hendry Gordon
Published: September 2022

Background
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and vascular morbidity. The association between peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and RA has not been previously investigated within the scope of a review. Conjoined disease manifestations may impact patient well-being, perpetuating increased mortality and quality of life deficits.
Objective
To investigate the association between RA and PAD, along with RA and the ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI). The impact of disease concomitance on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and functional capacity (FC) was also investigated.
Methods
Individual study appraisal was completed using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT). A level of evidence analysis was conducted using the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) Evidence Rating Scale for Prognostic/Risk Studies. Data Sources: AMED®, CINAHL®, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, MEDLINE®, AHFS®, Cochrane Library and Google scholar.
Results
10 studies produced a CCAT rating of ≥ 30 (75%) and were deemed high quality, while a single study demonstrated a score of 26 (65%) indicating moderate quality. A grade “II” level of evidence was determined for a positive association between RA and PAD. A grade of “I” was assigned to the association between ABPI and RA. The impact of concomitant manifestations on HRQOL and FC did not qualify for a level of evidence analysis.
Conclusion
The systematic inflammatory nature of RA likely contributes to the increased incidence of PAD within the population. Further investigations are required to ascertain the impact of conjoined disease manifestations on HRQOL and FC.
Implementing Big Data Analytic Platform in Healthcare The Israeli experience
Authors: Tal Orna , Rapoport Micha J.
Published: September 2022

Background: Medical big-data processing enables analysis of complex multifactorial clinical situations, assessing medical decisions alongside hospital strategic planning and business goals. However, accessing this data is challenging due to legal-ethical, technical and methodological barriers. It also requires the cooperation of multiple partners. Other health systems also struggle to balance scientific innovation and regulations.Purpose: to establish a practical functional integrative model to overcome these substantial barriers.Methods: An anonymous big data cloud based data warehouse was created de novo using artificial intelligence algorithm. Major barriers to data access and anonymization were identified and targeted solutions were constructed.Results: An operating model provided secured anonymous data to ongoing four internal research projects in a single tertiary state medical center. Additional four state medical centers joined the program.Conclusions: our experience demonstrates the feasibility of creating an integrated functional dynamic medical big data, accessible by multiple users in a virtual cloud. Further studies will determine its cost-effectiveness and potential value for medical research and biomedical industry.A step by step implementation, involving all relevant stakeholders enables an acceptable national model despite local barriers.
Phosphorus use efficiency, uptake and apparent balance response to substituting long-term chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer in a double-rice cropping system
Authors: Hayatu Nafiu , Yiren Liu , Shuxiang Zhang , Jing Huang , Tianfu Han , Jiangxue Du , Khan Muhammad Numan , Daba Nano Alemu , Zhenzhen Lv , Hongqian Hou , Xianjin Lan , Jianhua Ji , Huimin Zhang
Published: September 2022

The overuse of chemical phosphorus (P) fertilizer commonly practiced in southern China can reduce P use efficiency and threaten environmental safety. To greatly exploit organic manure and reduce the rate of chemical fertilizer; a 35-year fertilization study was conducted under continuous double-rice cropping system to assess the long-term effects of replacing chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer on grain yield, P use efficiency, uptake and balance. Treatments involved an unfertilized control (CK), chemical phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (PK), chemical nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (NP), chemical NK fertilizer (NK), chemical NPK fertilizer (NPK), and 30% NPK fertilizer with 70% organic manure (NPKM). The results revealed that the grain yield was more than 11.0 t ha-1 with NPK and NPKM treatments during 1984-2018. The grain yield with NPKM treatment was significantly (p<0.05) higher than with NPK treatment, except during 1984-1995. The soil P contents and P uptake were significantly (p<0.05) increased under manure amended treatment. The mean P use efficiencies under PK, NP, NPK and NPKM treatments were 10.7%, 20.2%, 36.1% and 44.2%, respectively. Phosphorus balance was positive under treatments with P addition, and negative in the without P addition treatments. Soil properties and P input were the key factors regulating P uptake and balance, and P activation coefficient. The results suggested that relatively high grain yield and P use efficiency can be achieved through rational chemical fertilizer, but, substituting 70% of the chemical fertilizer with manure might be the promising strategy seeing the increases in the soil fertility and P use efficiency.
The risk of depression and anxiety is not increased in individuals with juvenile idiopathic arthritis – results from the south-Swedish juvenile idiopathic arthritis cohort
Authors: Berthold Elisabet , Dahlberg Alma , Jöud Anna , Tydén Helena , Månsson Bengt , Kahn Fredrik , Kahn Robin
Published: September 2022

Background
Children with chronic diseases are reported to have increased risk of psychiatric comorbidity. Few studies have investigated this risk in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), with conflicting results. We performed a population-based, longitudinal cohort study of the risk of depression and anxiety in south-Swedish patients with juvenile arthritis.
Methods
The south-Swedish JIA cohort (n = 640), a population-based cohort with validated JIA diagnosis 1980–2010 and comparators, a reference group of 3200 individuals free from JIA, matched for sex, year of birth and residential region, was used. Data on comorbid diagnosis with depression or anxiety were obtained from the Skåne Healthcare Register, containing all health care contacts in the region, from 1998 to 2019. We used Cox proportional models for the calculation of hazard ratios.
Results
During the study period, 1998 to 2019, 93 (14.5%) of the individuals in the JIA group were diagnosed with depression, and 111 (17.3%) with anxiety. Corresponding numbers among the references was 474 (14.8%) with depression and 557 (17.4%) with anxiety. Hazard ratio for depression was 1.1 (95% CI 0.9–1.5) in females and 0.8 (95% CI 0.5–1.4) in males, and for anxiety 1.2 (95% CI 0.9–1.5) in females and 0.6 (95% CI 0.4–1.1) in males. There were no statistically significant hazard ratios when analyzing subgroups of JIA patients with long disease duration or treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.
Conclusions
Individuals with JIA do not have any statistically increased risk of depression or anxiety compared to matched references.
Sumoylated SnoN interacts with HDAC1 and p300/CBP to regulate EMT in mammary organoids
Authors: Chanda Ayan , Sarkar Anusi , Deng Lili , Bonni Azad , Bonni Shirin
Published: September 2022

Protein post-translational modification by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) regulates the stability, subcellular localization, and interactions of protein substrates with consequences on cellular responses including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is a potent inducer of EMT with implications in cancer invasion and metastasis. The transcriptional coregulator SnoN suppresses TGFβ-induced EMT in a sumoylation-dependent manner, but the underlying mechanisms have remained largely unknown. Here, we find that sumoylation promotes the interaction of SnoN with the epigenetic regulators histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and histone acetylase p300 in epithelial cells. In gain and loss of function studies, HDAC1 suppresses, whereas p300 promotes, TGFβ-induced morphogenetic changes associated with EMT in three-dimensional multicellular structures derived from mammary epithelial cells or carcinomas. These findings suggest that sumoylated SnoN acts via regulation of histone acetylation to modulate EMT in breast cell organoids. Our study may facilitate the discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutics in breast cancer and other epithelial cell-derived cancers.
Serum lipids profile in relation to free thyroxine and the effect of levothyroxine treatment on lipids in patients with isolated hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy: a single-centre retrospective study
Authors: Xu Yunyi , Zhao Yiqi , Xu Xiaoqin , Yan Qiqi , Yang Liwei
Published: September 2022

Backgroud: Thyroid function was widely considerated as one of regulators in lipids metabolism. Studies on lipids metabolism in the pregnant women with low FT4 levels are few and inconclusive. Because it is not known whether maternal FT4 deficiency during pregnancy is associated with adverse metabolic parameters, our study aimed to further investigate the association between maternal FT4 levels and lipids profile and the therapeutic effects of levothyroxine treatment(L-T4) on these lipids profile.Methods: This retrospective study comprised 164 IH patients(FT4 levels below the 5th percentile with normal serum thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) levels according to the gestational-specific reference range established by Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital previously) and 208 euthyroidism(CON group) who had regular antenatal checks at this hosptial from 2019 to 2021. IH patients were divided into levothyroxine treatment group(Treatment group, n=77) and dietary iodine supplement group(Non-Treatment group, n=87) owing to the hospital’s treatment policy and clinical experience. The intervention lasted at least 4 weeks. Metabolic parameters, including thyroid function and lipids parameters, were collected at least two times before and after the intervention. Several general characteristics were included likewise, such as maternal age, history of abortion, progestation body mass index(BMI) and gestational weight gain(Fig. 1). Results: Compared with the CON group, the IH group displayed higher levels of dyslipidaemia, reflected in elevated total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), and apolipoprotein B(Apo B). In IH patients, a significant and negative correlation was found between FT4 and TG levels, which remained after adjusting for progestation BMI. After levothyroxine treatment, the Treatment group demonstrated a significantly slower rate of progression of hypercholesterolaemia during pregnancy. In addition, there was a relationship between the therapeutic effect and the degree of disease, with the main factors being FT4, TSH and TG levels prior to starting treatment. Conclusions: Low FT4 level status is associated with elevated blood lipids. Thyroid function and lipid levels could be improved to some extent after medical intervention in IH patients.
Rapid immune perturbations during sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in preterm babies
Authors: Das Abhishek , Ariyakumar Gaayathri , Kamdar Shraddha , Barugahare Adele , Deveson Deanna , Gee Sarah , Costeloe Kate , Davey Martin , Fleming Paul , Gibbons Deena
Published: September 2022

Deaths complicated by infection are a major cause of mortality in preterm babies. Here we study the influence of bacterial sepsis and the gut inflammatory disorder necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), frequently associated with bacterial complications, on host immune dysregulation in extremely preterm babies. We identify a peripheral blood immune signature that distinguishes sepsis and NEC from other cases of suspected, though microbiologically unconfirmed, sepsis. Some signature traits could even make this distinction in babies with low or undetectable C-reactive protein, a common clinical test to alert infection. Our analysis incorporates longitudinal single-cell genomic evaluation of peripheral blood immune cells, elucidating amphiregulin as a key differentially expressed gene during sepsis and NEC, which was validated as a plasma analyte that correlated with disease-associated clinical signs. Collectively, signature immune traits provide insight into dysregulated sepsis and NEC-associated pathways and highlight candidate markers, pending validation, that could improve diagnostic-led, targeted antibiotic prescribing.
Comparative Evaluation of 3D Filaments, Used in Additive Manufacturing of Biomedical Tools; Using Fuzzy Promethee.
Authors: Duwa Basil , Onakpojeruo Efe Precious , Uzun Berna , Ozsahin Ilker , Ozsahin Dilber Uzun
Published: September 2022

The additive manufacturing technique is currently revolutionizing the healthcare industry. This technology utilizes modern approaches to develop advanced medical equipment and artificial body tissues. The 3D filament is regarded as one of the major components of the 3D printing technique. These filaments have peculiar characters to print different objects. Similarly, hospital and biomedical tools, such as syringes, catheters, insulin pens, and surgical gloves, for instance, are produced using non-biodegradable plastics, which could be toxic and unsafe to the environment. Therefore, there is a need to produce these biomedical tools using safe and environmentally friendly filaments. Therefore, this study evaluates and compares the major 3D filaments used in Fused deposition modeling, using a multi-criteria decision-making technique called the fuzzy preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE). The variables were evaluated based on parameters such as strength, warp, flexibility, heat resistance, biodegradability, average cost, resistance to UV, food safety, print temperature, speed, and ease of print. The result recorded PLA with a net flow of 0.0316 as the preferred and extensively used 3D printing filaments in additive manufacturing of biomedical tools based on applied parameters/set preference, selected criteria, and important weights allocated to the selected criteria. PC is second with a net flow of 0.0069. In contrast, TPE ranked least with a negative net flow result of -0.0327.
CNTNAP2 Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Intellectual Disability and Epilepsy comorbidity in Pakistani population.
Authors: MUDASSIR BEHJAT UL
Published: September 2022

• Background:
The genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders is partially investigated due to the multiple additive risk factors found to be involved. Emergence of individual genes implicated across multiple diseases suggests that they might share similar underlying driving pathways. The CNTNAP2 gene is an excellent presentation, that has been found in a variety of phenotypes. The role of CNTNAP2 is implicated in a vast number of neural and genetic networks of neurodevelopment which leads to the understanding of regulation and function of this gene. The diverse roles of CNTNAP2 can enhance our understanding of how combinations of individual genetic risk factors can contribute to the complexity of neurodevelopmental disorders.
• Methods:
The present study aims to investigate the role of CNTNAP2 polymorphism as a risk factor for comorbidity of Intellectual Disability and epilepsy in Pakistani population. 170 patients and 175 healthy controls took part in this study from different areas of Pakistan. Genotyping using Tetra-primer ARMS PCR technique was conducted to investigate the association between rs147815978 (G/T) and rs2710102 (A/G) of CNTNAP2 gene and intellectual disability and epilepsy co-occurrence in patients of different age groups.
• Results:
The genotyping data was analysed to trace the effect of CNTNAP2 polymorphism on the comorbidity of ID and EPI diseases in study participants. Probability values less than 0.05 were considered significant for the association of CNTNAP2 rs147815978 and rs2710102. Results suggested a probable role of CNTNAP2 gene polymorphism predisposition to comorbidity of neurodevelopmental disorders in Pakistani population.
• Conclusion:
CNTNAP2 polymorphisms have a significant role in co-occurrence of NDDs due to the underlying shared molecular mechanisms causing neurodevelopment.
• Trial Registration:
Not Applicable for this study. Ethical approval from Ethical Review Committee of Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad campus was obtained prior to conduction of all procedures.
Following the COVID19 playbook and battling another infodemic: Conspiracy beliefs around human Monkeypox among the Lebanese population
Authors: Youssef Dalal , Abboud Edmond , Bleibel Lea
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
The non-endemic multicountry outbreak of monkeypox (MPX) has emphasized the issue of conspiracy theories that go viral in times of societal crisis. Now, it is the turn of MPX to join COVID19 in the conspiracy theory realm. Social media outlets were flooded by a scourge of misinformation as soon as MPX cases began to appear with an evident cross-pollination between diverse conspiracy theories. Given the adverse consequences of conspiracy beliefs, this study aimed to assess the extent of endorsement of MPX conspiracy beliefs among the Lebanese population and to identify its associated factors.
Methods
Using a convenience sampling technique, a web-based cross-sectional was conducted among Lebanese adults. Data was collected using an Arabic self-reported questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with the MPX conspiracy beliefs scale.
Results
Conspiracy beliefs regarding emerging viruses including MPX were detected among 59.1% of Lebanese adults. Participants endorsed particularly the conspiracy theories linking the virus to a deliberate attempt to reduce the size of the global population (59.6%), gain political control (56.6%) or pharmaceutical companies' financial gain (39.3%), in addition to the manmade origin of MPX (47.5%). Remarkably, the majority of surveyed adults exhibited a negative attitude toward the government's preparedness for a potential MPX outbreak. However, a positive attitude was revealed toward the effectiveness of precautionary measures (69.6%). Female participants and those having a good health status were less likely to exhibit a higher level of conspiracy beliefs. On the contrary, divorced or widowed adults, those having a low economic situation, poor knowledge level, and negative attitude either toward the government or precautionary measures were more prone to disclose a higher level of conspiracy beliefs. Notably, participants relying on social media to get information about MPX were also more likely to have a higher level of conspiracy beliefs compared to their counterparts.
Conclusion
The widespread extent of conspiracy beliefs endorsement regarding MPX among the Lebanese population urged the policymakers to find ways to reduce people’s reliance on these theories. Future studies exploring the harmful impacts of conspiracy beliefs on health behaviors are recommended.
Atkinson, a Rootknot and Fusarium Wilt Resistant Tomato Variety of the Rutgers Class
Authors: Greenleaf Walter H.
Published: September 2022

‘Atkinson’, a rootknot nematode and Fusarium wilt resistant tomato variety, probably the first of the Rutgers class to bs released to the public, was named in honor of George F. Atkinson who first described the life cycle of the rootknot nematode at Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Auburn University) in 1889 (1).
Frozen Storage of Watermelon Tissue1
Authors: Woolsey Mary E. , Tinklin Gwendolyn L. , Hall Charles V.
Published: September 2022

Watermelon tissue was frozen in an effort to obtain an edible and acceptable product when defrosted. Crimson Sweet, Charleston Gray and Shipper varieties, field grown in the area of Manhattan, Kansas, were harvested and held at 2°C for one to three days before being processed for freezing. A completely randomized block design, with eight replications, was used to process samples and to evaluate data. Balls of Us inch diameter were cut, avoiding seeds as much as possible. Ten balls per polyethylene bag were packaged in a single layer to allow for even defrosting. After freezing 24 hrs, the packages were stored at -1 5 (±5)°C until evaluated. Evaluation occurred prior to freezing and after 10 days, 6 and 12 weeks of frozen storage. Packages were defrosted at 20°C for 90 minutes.
A Spinning Device Used in Measuring the Skin Color of Apples
Authors: Rogers Ewell A.
Published: September 2022

An objective method of measuring the amount of red color in the skin of apples is an advantage over the subjective methods (1). Tristimulus colorimetry is well established as an objective method of measuring color in agricultural products (2,3,4). Attachments used with the Hunter Color and Color Difference Meters in the past for apple skin color measurements were those in which the apples turned at approximately 200 rpm in a stationarv position over the Hunter Meter (1). The meter is adjusted to the rotating apple by moving the Hunter Meter up and down. In Figure I is a device in which the rotating apple is moved up and down for the adjustment instead of the Gardner Color Difference Meter. The attachment consists of two shafts to rotate an apple over the exposure head of the measuring instrument. The right hand shaft operates against a thrust bearing and can be moved to the light to allow the apple to be placed between two rubber suction cups. A pin, through the shaft, holding a spring against the thrust bearing, can be positioned to van7 the pressure which keeps the apple in place. A Sunbeam Master Mixer switch can be adjusted so that the apple turns at approximately 200 rpm. The master mixer and its attachments are moved up and down on a shaft. This shaft is attached to a stand which is separate from the meter stand. The spinning device stand consists of a base plate and veitical pipe. The vertical pipe is so constructed that it can be adjusted for height. Since the distance between the rotating apple and the exposure head is critical, one must be able to adjust the apple so that it just clears the exposure.
A Procedure for the Measurement of Carbon Dioxide Evolution from Individual Fruits over Brief Time Intervals12
Authors: Scott L. E.
Published: September 2022

A procedure is given for measurement of carbon dioxide evolution from individual fruits during brief time intervals, by utilizing the change in optical density of a bromthymol blue-sodium bicarbonate solution exposed to varying CO2 atmospheres. The method permits the accurate estimation of CO2 evolution during a five-minute period from a single 100 g fruit respiring at the rate of less than 5 ml CO2/kg/hr. Although the system is “static,” build-up of CO2 concentrations surrounding the respiring fruit held to less than 1%.
Light in Relation to Seed Germination of Blueberries, Strawberries, and Rubus
Authors: Scott D. H. , Draper A. D.
Published: September 2022

Irregular germination and delayed emergence of blueberry, strawberry, blackberry and raspberry seedlings have been noted by various investigators. Seed treatments such as afterripening (1) and acid scarification of strawberry seed (2) improved rapidity of germination, but neither treatment fully overcame the delay in seed germination. In a study with blueberry seed, after-ripening did not improve germination (2). Sporadic germination and delayed emergence of seedlings complicates a breeding program when uniform size of seedlings is desired.
The Use of PI Soybeans as an Indicator Plant for the Selection of Chlorosis Resistant Horticultural Plants1
Authors: LaCroix L. J. , Lenz L. M.
Published: September 2022

Iron deficiency chlorosis is a serious problem when many of a number of woody and herbaceous ornamental and fruit plants are grown on calcareous soils. Soil amendments, such as the various iron chelates, have been used with varying success (1,2,3,4), however, except for foliar application on citrus, chelates have found limited use because of their high cost and erratic or less than satisfactory results. The simple inheritance of chlorosis resistance in soybeans is well known (5), however, the few attempts to select chlorosis resistant fruit trees have been rather unsuccessful (6,7). Trees frequently will show no signs of chlorosis until the rcot system penetrates highly calcareous subsoil layers. Thus attempts to select for chlorosis resistance have given erratic year to year results and have, in general, been unsuccessful even after several years of testing.
The Relation Of Seed Associations To Horticulture
Authors: Harris Joseph
Published: September 2022

I greatly appreciate and welcome the opportunity to develop, with my colleagues, some of the story of the American seed industry. As industries go, we are not a large one, but we feel we are successfully performing an essential function and we enjoy discussing how it works.
No Simazine Residues in Pecan Nuts
Authors: Worley Ray R. , Harmon S. A.
Published: September 2022

Many pecan groves throughout the south are grazed for pasture. Simazine at 3 lb/A is recommended for pastures, but the amount of residue accumulating in pecan nuts grown in pastures treated with this herbicide is not known. In this study rates of 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 lb/A of active Simazine was applied as a spray underneath the canopy of approximately 40-year old Stuart pecan trees on March 16, 1963 while trees were dormant. Two replications were used. On November 14, a 10 lb nut sample was collected from each tree and analyzed by the Geigy Research laboratories. All samples contained less than 0.04 ppm of Simazine in both shells and kernels, which is considered essentially no residue. No damage to the trees was noticed.
Effects of a Magnetic Field on the Germination of Apple, Apricot, and Peach Seeds1
Authors: Chao Lee , Walker David R.
Published: September 2022

The effects of a magnetic field on biological systems have been studied extensively in recent years. Murphy (1) reported that a magnetic field accelerates seed germination. Boe and Salunkhe (2) suggested that the magnetic field might act upon auxin or enzyme reactions, or influence free radical formation in inducing tomato fruit ripening. Mericle et al. (3) reported that the magnetic field did not affect the rate of germination of barley seeds, but did increase the rate of shoot and root growth. According to Pittman (4), both germination and growth rates of wheat, oat, and barley seeds were enhanced by a magnetic field at certain orientation.
Time of Differentiation of Peel Qualities in Shamouti Orange
Authors: Patt J. , Ahroni M. , Benor J.
Published: September 2022

Peel quality differentiation in Shamouti Orange was apparent about a month after fruit set, and little change occurred afterwards, through the main growth season (July-January). Conditions prior to July appear to have a major influence on peel qualities.
Reception of the Light Stimulus for Cold Acclimation in Cornus stolonifera Michx1
Authors: Hurst C. , Hall T. C. , Weiser C. ].
Published: September 2022

Since the acclimation of woody perennial plants to low temperatures is an active and annual phenomenon, it is probable that the onset of this process is triggered by fairly specific stimuli. Shortening days in autumn and possible concommitant changes in light quality could well be among the major stimulators triggering cold hardening in plants.
Factors Affecting Internal Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Concentration of Citrus Fruits
Authors: Davis Paul L. , Chace William G. , Cubbedge Randall H.
Published: September 2022

The objectives of this study were to show the variations of internal gases of Orlando tangelos, Temple oranges, and Marsh grapefruit before storage and how waxing, storage temperatures, and various external O2 and CO2 concentrations affected internal gas composition. These tests were part of an overall project to determine the best controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions for storage of citrus fruits. Since internal O2 and CO2 concentrations may affect fruit quality (1), one concern in the addition of CO2 to the external atmosphere during CA storage was that the concentration of this component would continue to build up internally. Eaks and Ludi (1) have shown that the internal atmospheres of citrus fruits are affected by temperature, washing, and waxing. Vines and Oberbacher (4) found that certain packinghouse treatments increased CO2 concentrations within citrus fruits.
Criteria for Identification of Anthocyanins
Authors: Francis F. J.
Published: September 2022

Emphasis on quality factors in horticultural products has led investigators into studies on pigments because of their obvious effect on eye appeal. The anthocyanin patterns in nearly all commercial crops have been reported (Harborne, 1964, 1967; Geissman, 1962) but this does not mean that the information can be used directly. Pigment patterns are likely to vary in different cultivars and it is the responsibility of the investigator to check the pigment identities in his particular material. This paper is concerned with minimum criteria for publishable identification of an anthocyanin pigment.
N,N’-Dinitroethylenediamine Retards Growth of Red Cedar and American Arborvitae
Authors: Sucoff Edward I.
Published: September 2022

As part of the continuing search for chemicals which stimulate or retard growth of tree species, the growth regulator N, N’-dinitroethylenediamine (EDNA)2 was applied to red cedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) and to American arborvitae (Thuja Occidentalis L.). Holmsen3 reported that low amounts of EDNA stimulated a broad spectrum of growth increases in many herbaceous plants, including height growth in bean, leaf area in cabbage, dry weight in a rye-grass-clover mixture and protein content in wheat. He also reported that high amounts inhibited height growth of tobacco.
Differences Between Thermocouple and Liquid Crystal Measurements of Temperature
Authors: Yelenosky G. , Horanic G.
Published: September 2022

Liquid crystals are a part of a large number of organic compounds which, upon heating, change from a viscous liquid to a clear isotropic liquid. Many liquid crystals are derivatives of cholesterol. In the transition stage between solid and isotropic liquid, liquid crystals possess light scattering properties which result in changes of color in response to changes in temperature (1).
Preservation of Fresh Food Quality by Gas Exchange: A New Approach to Food Preservation
Authors: Kramer Amihud , Palmer S. J. , Kaffezkis J. G.
Published: September 2022

We have been working for several years on the idea of replacing normal atmospheres with gases that are lethal to enzymes and microorganisms in fresh fruits and vegetables to extend their useful postharvest storage period. This would supplement the effects of controlled atmosphere storage with protection from enzymic breakdown and microbial spoilage. Thus far we have been successful in preserving plugs of apple and potato.
Chemical Color Enhancement of Cranberry Fruit12
Authors: Eck Paul
Published: September 2022

Color enhancement in Howes and Early Black cranberry, as measured by pigment analysis and influenced by malathion, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and succinic acid 2,2-dimethyl hydrazide (Alar) sprays prior to harvest, was investigated under New Jersey conditions. Malathion at the rate of 2.5 lbs. of active material/A. applied at 200 gal./A. significantly enhanced the extractable pigment content in both Howes and Early Black cranberry. The color enhancement was noted within four days of application, and the differential in pigment content between the malathion treated and control berries was maintained throughout the sampling period. Neither IAA at 50 ppm nor Alar at 2000 and 4000 ppm active material increased color in Early Black. There was an indication that Alar delayed red pigment formation in Early Black. Soluble solids and titratable acidity measurements of Howes and Early Black fruit did not indicate any significant difference between treated and control fruit at a given sampling date.
Growth Regulator Survey for Activity in Inducing Parthenocarpy in the Highbush Blueberry1
Authors: Mainland C. M. , Eck P.
Published: September 2022

An effective growth regulator treatment for inducing fruit set and parthenocarpic development in the highbush blueberry would restore a number of once productive varieties to profitable commercial use. The decline in productiveness of varieties such as Coville, Earliblue and Jersey has paralleled the decline in native pollinating insects such as the bumblebee (4). The use of commercial honeybees has not solved the fruit set problem in many cases because the problem varieties appear to be less attractive to the domesticated bees than are the fruitful varieties (4).
Gibberellin-Induced Asymmetric Growth of Apple Fruits1
Authors: Bukovac Martin J. , Nakagawa Shoichi
Published: September 2022

Growth and form of numerous fruits are closely related to the number and distribution of developing seeds. The effect of seeds on fruit shape is particularly apparent for the Conference pear, where the length: width ratio is inversely related to seed content (10).
Cytology and Seed Set Studies in Viola tricolor Hortensis L.
Authors: Emino Everett R. , Sink Kenneth C.
Published: September 2022

The pansy, Viola tricolor Hortensis, L. is a popular bedding plant, however, the problem of low seed set has hindered genetic studies, plant breeding efforts, and the production of Fl hybrids. Twenty-nine commercial inbred pansy lines were investigated cytologically to establish a possible relationship between chromosome number and pollen fertility. The somatic chromosome number of all lines studied was found to be 2n=48 and pollen fertility was above 90 percent. Preliminary hybridization investigations suggest the problem may be an incompatibility system.
Chemical Injury on Golden Delicious Apples Treated with Diphenylamine
Authors: Pierson Charles F. , Schomer Harold A.
Published: September 2022

A chemical injury consisting of a blue-gray discoloration developed on the cheeks and shoulders, but not on the calyx ends of Golden Delicious apples treated with DPA in dips or wraps. This injury was distinguishable from storage scald which was brown (in color) and occurred on the calyx ends and cheeks of fruit wrapped in plain or oiled paper wraps.
IR-2, A Germ Plasm Bank of Virus-Free Fruit Tree Clones
Authors: Fridlund Paul R.
Published: September 2022

It is desirable to review periodically the accomplishments of a project having the scope of Interregional Project IR-2, because of its inter-disciplinary relationships among horticulturists, entomologists, plant pathologists and other biologists. The main objectives of the project are to assemble selections of desirable species and varieties of deciduous fruit trees, verify their freedom from infecting viruses, maintain virus-free individuals in repositories, and distribute virus-free propagating materials to cooperating investigators for research or as foundation stock for release to industry.
Collapse of ‘Murcot’ Citrus Trees1
Authors: Stewart Ivan , Wheaton T. A. , Reese R. L.
Published: September 2022

The ‘Murcott Honey Orange’ is grown rather extensively in Florida and is highly desired because of its fine flavor and dark orange colored flesh. Its origin is unknown, but the ‘Murcott’ is probably a hybrid of mandarin and sweet orange parentage. This variety bears very heavy crops with much of the fruit set in clusters. These extremely heavy crops result in a collapse of the trees near the time of fruit maturity. Depending on the severity of this decline, the trees may require from one to several years to recover (Figs. 1,2,3) or in extreme cases, die. The leaves and fruit from severely affected trees turn yellow and drop followed by dieback of the branches. These symptoms appear in December and January and become progressively worse as the fruit matures. Fruit on less severely affected trees are usually small and fail to develop the dark orange color characteristic of the variety. The problem of ‘Murcott’ collapse is probably the main reason this variety is not more widely grown. Knorr and Collins (1) previously described this condition and reported that in some cases, severe root deterioration occurs. The problem apparently is not limited to ‘Murcotts’ since similar symptoms have been reported in California for the ‘Wilking’ and ‘Kinnow’ mandarins (3).
Propagating Pecan (Carya illinoensis Wag. K. Koch) with Pre-Cut Scions
Authors: Madden George
Published: September 2022

Since there are numerous stands of native pecan timber in the pecan belt, and since growers are continually changing large trees of older unprofitable varieties to more profitable varieties, topworking is necessary.
Gene Resources and Fruit Research in the Soviet Bloc Countries
Authors: Weaver G. M.
Published: September 2022

The synthesis of improved fruit varieties is largely dependent on three main factors: 1) the calibre of the raw material or the gene resources; 2) the quality of the tools used in choosing parents, hybridization and progeny selection; and 3) the human element and such qualities as perception or at least a capacity for keen observation. The degree of success achieved by any plant breeder is obviously influenced to a considerable extent by his resourcefulness in enlarging upon his gene resources, and the use of the most efficient breeding tools further enhances the program.
Current Developments in the Breeding of F1 Hybrid Annuals
Authors: Goldsmith Glenn A.
Published: September 2022

There is a small group of companies, about 6 in the U.S. and perhaps 15 worldwide, that have caused a gardening revolution during the last 15 years. The revolution has been dramatic in the U.S. and is now rapidly spreading to the other more developed countries of the world. This revolution is the change by the gardening public from the sowing of seed in the garden to the purchasing and planting of started plants. The companies largely responsible for this revolution are those developing F1 hybrid annual flowers.