bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Communication Quality During Family-Centered Rounds
Authors: Parente Victoria M. , Reid Hadley W. , Robles Joanna , Johnson Kimberly S. , Svetkey Laura P , Sanders Linda L. , Olsen Maren K. , Pollak Kathryn I.
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate racial and ethnic differences in communication quality during family centered rounds.

METHODS

We conducted an observational study of family-centered rounds on hospital day 1. All enrolled caregivers completed a survey following rounds and a subset consented to audio record their encounter with the medical team. We applied a priori defined codes to transcriptions of the audio-recorded encounters to assess objective communication quality, including medical team behaviors, caregiver participatory behaviors, and global communication scores. The surveys were designed to measure subjective communication quality. Incident Rate Ratios (IRR) were calculated with regression models to compare the relative mean number of behaviors per encounter time minute by race and ethnicity.

RESULTS

Overall, 202 of 341 eligible caregivers completed the survey, and 59 had accompanying audio- recorded rounds. We found racial and ethnic differences in participatory behaviors: English-speaking Latinx (IRR 0.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3–0.8) Black (IRR 0.6; 95% CI 0.4–0.8), and Spanish-speaking Latinx caregivers (IRR 0.3; 95% CI 0.2–0.5) participated less than white caregivers. Coder-rated global ratings of medical team respect and partnership were lower for Black and Spanish-speaking Latinx caregivers than white caregivers (respect 3.1 and 2.9 vs 3.6, P values .03 and .04, respectively: partnership 2.4 and 2.3 vs 3.1, P values .03 and .04 respectively). In surveys, Spanish-speaking caregivers reported lower subjective communication quality in several domains.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, Black and Latinx caregivers were treated with less partnership and respect than white caregivers.
Методи та засоби пошуку інформації в цифровому середовищі
Authors: Ісмайлов Надір , Мухамадлі Дашкін , Худієва Вазуфа
Published: November 2022

Поєднуючи мільярди людей у ​​всьому світі, Інтернет є головною опорою цифрового суспільства. Від винаходу писемності до наших днів ми живемо в час, коли інформація виробляється та використовується найбільше у формі, якої ніколи не було в історії. Безперечно, технологічні чинники важливіші для такого швидкого створення та поширення інформації. З цієї причини XIX століття називають «століттям інформації та технологій». Цифрові технології, які дозволяють ефективно виробляти та розповсюджувати інформацію, також забезпечують доступність інформації для кожної людини. У наш час той факт, що значна частина населення світу має доступ до Інтернету, а час, проведений у віртуальному просторі, з кожним роком зростає, чітко видно, що Інтернет відіграє ключову роль у наданні інформації. Як відомо, друкарський верстат був винайдений у XV столітті. Іншими словами, друк інформації на папері використовується як стандартна форма передачі знань та інформації вже понад 500 років. У наш час ми спостерігаємо зміну епохи, яка існувала століттями. Таким чином, інформація, зареєстрована з винаходом писемності, доставлялася користувачам різними способами протягом історії. Проте важливо звернути увагу на рівень наукових досліджень на тлі того, що носії інформації змінювалися і будуть змінюватися. Таким чином, носії інформації є також матеріальними носіями, що відображають соціальний зміст. Сьогодні ми живемо в епоху, коли мобільних телефонів більше, ніж людей. За термінологією Маклюена, телефони стали частиною людського тіла. Водночас на основі досліджень встановлено, що протягом дня люди проводять в мережі Інтернет близько 7 годин. У зв'язку з цим стрімкий розвиток інформаційних технологій формує всі сфери життя людини, а також процес інформаційного забезпечення.
Історична ретроспектива селекційної роботи з амарантом в Україні (80–90-ті рр. ХХ ст.)
Authors: Грюнвальд Наталія
Published: November 2022

Стаття присвячена розгляду історії введення в культуру маловідомої стародавньої рослини амарант, продукти переробки якої вирізняються унікальними, біологічно цінними властивостями. На основі джерелознавчого аналізу та використання предметно-хронологічного і описового методів розкрито окремі біологічні і фізіологічні характеристики, генетичні особливості поширення і започаткування системної селекційної роботи з культурою амаранту.

Мета дослідження полягає у висвітленні історичних аспектів селекційних досліджень з амарантом упродовж 80–90-х рр. ХХ ст. в Україні з побіжним відображенням особливостей маловідомої але перспективної культури.

Встановлено, що у зв’язку з потребою урізноманітнення зернових культур, збільшення їх сортового і видового асортименту, на початку 1980-х років учені активізували дослідження колекційного фонду та селекції амаранту з огляду на високий вміст поживних речовин, стійкість до посухи та невибагливість до ґрунту. Низкою установ, що в подальшому стануть центрами вивчення амаранту, поряд із добором і випробуванням перспективних видів та вивченням продуктивного потенціалу сортозразків, розпочалось створення нових сортів амаранту кормового і зернового типів. З’ясовано, що одним із перших вітчизняних сортів став Донецький 1, виведений шляхом вільного перезапилення 2-х дикорослих екотипів та 3-х культурних видів амаранту з подальшим відбором потужних гібридного типу рослин. Кількарічні випробування довели його посухостійкість, здатність до стабільно високої урожайності зеленої маси та зерна. Активізація селекційної роботи з амарантом сприяла створенню у досліджуваний період восьми сортів амаранту, зокрема Стерх (Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України), Ультра (Харківський національний аграрний університет ім. В. В. Докучаєва), Атлант (Інститут кормів та сільського господарства Поділля НААН) та ін. У селекції амаранту найчастіше застосовували метод міжсортової та міжвидової гібридизації з подальшими індивідуально-сімейними і сімейно-груповими відборами. Новостворені сорти вирізнялися невибагливістю до ґрунтів, стійкістю до хвороб, адаптованістю до різних умов, а також високою насіннєвою і вегетативною продуктивністю.
Філософія міжнародного космічного права: концептуальні горизонти проблемного поля
Authors: Шевцов Сергій
Published: November 2022

Актуальність теми обумовлена необхідністю розробки філософських підвалин міжнародного космічного права, які суттєво відрізняються від теорії міжнародного космічного права власним метатеоретичним статусом. Метою є артикуляція бачення філософії міжнародного космічного права у якості служниці або метатеоретичного підґрунтя міжнародного космічного права та окреслення її предметного кола.

Результатами дослідження є відокремлення теорії та філософії міжнародного космічного права і демонстрація її наступних метатеоретичних підвалин: по-перше, філософії права та філософії міжнародного права у якості парадигмальних праксеологічних, по-друге, концепту людина космічна (homo cosmicus) як філософсько-антропологічної, по-третє, ідей комунікативного розуму К.-О. Апеля й Ю. Габермаса, відповідальності Г. Йонаса, справедливості Дж. Ролза як аксіологічної, по-четверте, космічності, холістичності, синергійності у якості світоглядної, по-п’яте, екологічні імперативи у вигляді максим як екзистенціально-прогностичної.

У висновках наведено, що теорія та філософія міжнародного космічного права мають різні предметні поля: якщо перша спрямована на опис, аналіз, тлумачення ключових понять міжнародного космічного права, то друга розглядає його як культурно-онтологічний феномен, який виникає під впливом певних екзистенціально-аксіологічних викликів, співвідноситься з трансцендентними цілями культури, базується на образі людини як космічної істоти, сходить до актуальних сучасних концепцій праксеологічної спрямованості. З’ясовано, що предметне коло філософії міжнародного космічного права встановлює низка зрізів: перший – парадигмальний, який задає концептуальні умови становлення цієї галузі наукового знання; другий – філософсько-антропологічний, де ідея людини космічної символізує основну інтуїцію, а також спрямованість розвитку людства у майбутньому; третій – аксіологічний, оскільки поза ціннісним виміром неможливо розв’язувати складні правові стосунки між різними державами – суб’єктами космічної діяльності; четвертий – світоглядний, де інтуїції космічності, холістичності, синергійності є визначальними; п’ятий – екзистенціально-прогностичний, оскільки засвоєння космосу має загальнолюдський характер і несе відповідальність перед майбутнім.
small-flowered Cyrtochilum (Oncidiinae) from Colombia
Authors: Ordóñez-Blanco Juan Camilo , Parra-Sánchez Edicson
Published: November 2022

A new species of Cyrtochilum from the Cordillera Oriental range in the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, is described, illustrated, and compared with C. suarezii and C. parviflorum. The new species is easily distinguished by its broadly elliptic to sub–rhomboid lip with two short rounded simple calli on the lip, ornamented with short papillae at the base.
Instituting a Strictly Scientific Study of Religion with Donald Wiebe
Authors: Newton Richard
Published: November 2022

The Interview brings you in-depth exchanges with scholars who have impacted the way we carry out work in the academic study of religion. In this edition, Bulletin editor Richard Newton sat with Donald Wiebe (Trinity College in the University of Toronto, co-founder of the North American Association for the Study of Religion, and twice-former president of the International Association for the History of Religions). They discuss institution-building in our field—from navigating the conflation of critical and confessional approaches at the university level, to association building, to defending its raison d’être. The latter concern most recently came to a head within the IAHR in an incident that Wiebe expounds upon in his latest book, An Argument in Defense of a Strictly Scientific Study of Religion: The Controversy at Delphi (Institute for the Advanced Study of Religion 2021).
How to be a Good Teaching Assistant?
Authors: D’Vice Sage
Published: November 2022

The Question is a forum for Bulletin readers to get advice about those tricky conundrums, unwritten rules, and nagging issues that can get in the way of doing our work well. Sage D’Vice does their darndest to bring you answers that will help you get the job done. This time, Sage D’Vice tackles how to be a good teaching assistant. If you have a question for a future issue, email our editorial staff at rwnewton@ua.edu.
Disambiguating ambiguity
Authors: Baker Giulia , Aldridge Michelle
Published: November 2022

This paper addresses inconsistencies in findings for children’s humour development by examining the ways in which five different ambiguity types (lexical, phonological, morphological, syntactic and idiomatic) have been interpreted and applied in earlier studies on humour comprehension. It identifies discrepancies in linguistic phenomena perceived to constitute each ambiguity type and highlights how differences have contributed to contrasting claims being made about ambiguity types comprehended by young children during the final humour stage. Definitions are subsequently provided for each ambiguity type examined. Definitions accommodate the fact that verbal humour is intrinsically embedded with the form in which it is delivered (i.e. the language in which it is communicated) and are based upon linguistic phenomena through which ambiguity types are manifested. Application of these definitions should now allow the researcher to be sure of linguistic phenomena being tested at any given time and facilitate comparison and contextualisation of findings across future studies
Creativity and Register
Authors: Law Locky
Published: November 2022

The discussion on how creativity can be described in terms of register, field, tenor, and mode has been established in Law’s (2019b) creativity-in-register cube framework (CIRCF). This article is a sequel to that discussion by demonstrating how the CIRCF can be used in the quantitative analysis of Carter’s (2004) pattern-forming creativity, using the dialogues of TV drama House, M.D. (Shore, 2005) as examples. This article begins with an introductory review of background information and relevant literature on linguistic creativity and systemic functional linguistics, before focusing on verbal repetition as a resource for pattern-forming creativity. The methodology section includes a brief description of the CIRCF and the procedures for the computer-assisted extraction of pattern-forming creativity. The analysis section provides a walk-through of the CIRCF in the multidimensional semiotic analysis of pattern-forming creativity, both numerically and graphically, involving different registers, and variables under field, tenor and mode. Possible future research topics are included in the conclusion section.
Reformulation of bakery products: from functional ingredients development to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion
Authors:   , Gutiérrez Katherine
Published: November 2022

Bakery products are widely consumed due to their appealing characteristics and can be sources of some nutrients, but the excessive consumption of some of them is related to detrimental effects on human health. Fat content is one of the greatest concerns in this type of products, both by their quantity and quality. In addition to it, the demand includes healthier, good quality and more sustainably produced foodstuffs. Therefore, efforts towards the search of new ingredients and the development of new reformulation strategies to improve or reduce the amount of fat and, as an added benefit, incorporate bioactive compounds has been addressed by the industry and the research community. The development of functional ingredients based on different vegetable oils, to serve as butter replacers in bakery products is summarized in this work. Five vegetable oils were characterized, of which echium, hemp and flax oil showed a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially omega-3 fatty acids, while moringa oil and extra virgin olive oil were rich in oleic acid. All of the analyzed oils had important content of plant sterols. Two functional ingredients were designed and developed as fat substitutes in bakery products (emulsion and gelled emulsions) with a lipid profile rich in unsaturated fats, lower energy value (compared to butter) and containing bioactive compounds. Both functional ingredients were used in the reformulation of Muffins and Cookies, obtaining successful results from the nutritional point of view, improving their composition and being able to bear nutrition claims related to total fat content, energy value, omega-3 fatty acids and fiber content. In addition to nutritional improvements, the developed products showed sensory characteristics similar, in general, to products with traditional formulation. The in vitro gastrointestinal digestion assays to which the developed products (gelled emulsions and cookies) were subjected, showed that fat distribution and composition between bioaccessible phase and residual phase varied according to the nature of the lipid fraction digested. The content of bioactive compounds was highly decreased after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. And finally, the use of antioxidants could have a positive effect in preserving the bioactive compounds in the formulations and decrease the extent of lipid oxidation.
Study on identification of red jujube origin by multi-element analysis
Authors: Lang Yumiao , Cheng Yao , Yang Hongru , Chen Qingzhi , Liu Qian , Wang Xiaoteng , Bian Pengsha , Yang Xiaoxi
Published: November 2022

In order to explore the feasibility of mineral element analysis on the origin of red jujube, and to screen the effective indicators to distinguish the origin of red jujube, 34 samples of red jujube were collected from Xinjiang, Hebei, Shanxi and Gansu provinces of China. The contents of Na, Mg, K, Ca, P, B, Al, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Ba, Tl, Ge, Zr, Li, Rb, Cs, La, Ce and Nd in the samples of red jujube were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and analyzed by variance analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), clustering analysis (CA) and discriminant analysis (DA). The results demonstrated that the content of mineral elements in red jujube from different regions has its own characteristics. The average contents of Na and Ge in red jujube were the highest from Xinjiang province, while the average contents of Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Ba and Cs were the lowest. The average contents of Ca, Ba and Ti in red jujube in Hebei province were the highest, the average contents of K, Mn and Rb in red jujube in Shanxi province were the highest, and the average contents of Mg, P, Al, B, Ti, Fe and Cu in Gansu province were the highest. The content of Na in Xinjiang province was three times more than that of Gansu province, and the content of Rb in Hebei province was four times more than that of Xinjiang province. PCA explained 82.1% of total variation, indicating that it played a vital role in the classification of mineral elements of red jujube. Red jujube was divided into five groups at a cluster distance of 9.0, indicating that clustering analysis has achieved ideal results in the origin traceability of red jujube. By discriminant analysis, the correct discriminant rate of 100% was established for samples from Xinjiang, Hebei, Shanxi and Gansu provinces. Facts have proved that it is feasible to judge the traceability of the origin of red jujube by using multi-element analysis.
Influence of process conditions on the composite construction material properties based on sulfur binder
Authors: Burenina Olga , Nikolaeva Lira , Andreeva Aitalina , Savvinova Maria
Published: November 2022

The construction industry is the most large-capacity industry, where the issue of quality and availability of basic road construction materials is particularly acute. Established resources of high-quality mineral raw materials that could be used for the construction materials production are practically absent in the Yakutia territory and are located extremely unevenly, which significantly reduces the work quality performed, and when delivering conditioned materials to the construction site, leads to a significant increase in cost.
In this regard, the issue of using local raw materials, including off-quality ones, as well as industrial waste for the construction composite materials development, including concrete, with high physical, mechanical and operational properties complex is currently acute. Thus, recently there has been an increased interest in sulfur-containing materials, in which sulfur plays a fundamental component role and provides a high technical effect — hydrophobicity, sufficiently high strength, frost resistance, and durability necessary for composite road construction materials operating in Yakutia.
This article presents the research results on the development of technology and new sulfur concrete compositions from fine river sands and crushed limestone screenings using technical and modified sulfur as a binder. The possibility of using local raw materials and sulfur binder for sulfur concrete production, which differs from traditional concrete on Portland cement, by a high physical and mechanical properties complex, has been established.
A formação docente: que lugar ocupa na inserçao do professor nas escolas técnicas da área da saúde?
Authors: Corrêa Adriana Katia
Published: November 2022

Introdução: A educação profissional técnica de nível médio (EPTNM) é muito presente na área da saúde, considerando o grande contingente de trabalhadores técnicos, todavia, há políticas frágeis quanto à formação de professores. Objetivos: 1. analisar quais são os critérios e as formas de seleção, no que se refere à exigência da formação como professor; 2. relacionar a formação de professores com alguns aspectos das relações/condições de trabalho. Metodologia: estudo com enfoque histórico-dialético, envolvendo pesquisa documental e de campo. Participaram 10 escolas que ofertam cursos técnicos da área da saúde, sendo cinco públicas e cinco privadas, no estado de São Paulo, contemplando unidades das ETECs  - Centro Paula Souza, ETSUS, SENAC e outras escolas da rede privada, do interior e da capital.  Feita análise de planos de cursos, questionários on line e entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores e entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores. Conclusões: Apesar da maioria dos planos de cursos e dos gestores indicarem, prioritariamente, a seleção de docentes com licenciatura, programas especiais ou outras vias de formação pedagógica, há sempre um caráter dúbio, incerto e de extrema flexibilidade. A formação flexibilizada e fragilizada para a docência na EPTNM contribui com a naturalização e o fortalecimento dos aspectos que convergem para a precarização do trabalho, o que precisa ser contextualizado, historicamente, nas relações entre a educação e os processos mais amplos de reprodução da sociedade capitalista atualmente marcados pelo ideário neoliberal.
O redesenho das instituições orçamentárias e a explosão das emendas de relator-geral RP-9: o processo orçamentário no centro da crise política
Authors: Faria Rodrigo Oliveira de
Published: November 2022

Este artigo discute o redesenho das regras orçamentárias que ensejou a explosão das emendas de relator-geral RP-9 e acarretou uma reconfiguração da relação de forças entre Executivo e Legislativo no arcabouço orçamentário brasileiro. Tem como objetivo central investigar a engrenagem orçamentária que permitiu atribuir a tais emendas os contornos que hoje possuem, decompondo os elementos integrantes dessa mecânica operativa, suas causas e consequências. A intensiva modificação dos contornos jurídicos do processo de alocação orçamentária estabelecido na Carta Política de 1988, advinda da conjunção de três grandes fluxos de alterações normativas (regimental, infraconstitucional e constitucional), requer e demanda estudos sistemáticos que contribuam para a ampliação do entendimento de tais fenômenos, que repercutem diretamente no funcionamento das instituições democráticas brasileiras. Este, também, um dos propósitos do artigo. A metodologia de pesquisa é qualitativa, com supedâneo na extensa documentação de tramitação dos projetos de lei orçamentária anual e dos projetos de lei de diretrizes orçamentárias disponível nos sítios eletrônicos da Câmara dos Deputados e do Senado Federal, bem como nas próprias leis aprovadas (LOA e LDO). Recorre-se, adicionalmente, às normas regimentais do Congresso Nacional que regulamentam o funcionamento da Comissão Mista de Planos, Orçamentos Públicos e Fiscalização (CMO) e, de forma complementar, utilizam-se dados disponíveis no Sistema Integrado de Planejamento e Orçamento (SIOP) do Ministério da Economia.
SINDICÂNCIA SIMULADA: UMA COLABORATIVA ESTRATÉGIA EDUCACIONAL PARA APRENDIZAGEM EM ÉTICA MÉDICA E BIOÉTICA
Authors: Dantas Flávio
Published: November 2022

O ensino da medicina no Brasil deve associar o conteúdo técnico com a formação ética, valendo-se de métodos ativos de aprendizagem que permitam aquisição de conhecimentos, desenvolvimento de atitudes corretas,  reflexão crítica e consciente para deliberações que sejam tecnicamente acertadas e eticamente adequadas a cada situação. Queixas de usuários de serviços médicos, ou de profissionais da saúde, sobre eventuais desvios éticos são apuradas e depois julgadas em câmaras de sindicâncias nos Conselhos Regionais de Medicina.  O método da sindicância simulada se caracteriza por permitir a cada participante num grupo, de modo ativo e colaborativo, a análise ponderada sobre fatos e circunstâncias relatadas no exercício da profissão médica à luz das normas éticas vigentes no Brasil. A estratégia educacional da simulação de câmaras de sindicâncias visa facilitar a aquisição de conhecimentos sobre as vigentes normas éticas, processuais e legais aplicáveis à profissão médica no Brasil, favorecendo o desenvolvimento de atitudes eticamente justificáveis após reflexão, ponderação e deliberação colegiada  sobre situações descritas para apuração de eventual existência de infrações éticas.  Pode também auxiliar na prevenção de futuras ocorrências de desvios éticos e na preparação de manifestações dos médicos diante de eventuais denúncias. O artigo aborda as características das sindicâncias, possibilidades e limitações da aplicação do método da sindicância simulada e sua importância na conexão entre a finalidade legal dos Conselhos de Medicina e as necessidades de escolas médicas e programas de pós-graduação em medicina, ensejando uma efetiva colaboração entre as instâncias formadoras e reguladoras da profissão médica para desenvolver o processo de tomada de decisões éticas.
Effect of electric arc furnace slag and magnetite materials on EMI shielding properties of cementitious composites
Authors: Wanasinghe Dimuthu , Aslani Farhad , Ma Guowei
Published: November 2022

To impart electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding in cementitious composites, electrically conductive and electromagnetic absorbing additives are generally used. This research examined the effect of adding electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) or heavyweight aggregates (HWA), alone and in combination with carbon fibre (CF), on the EMI shielding properties of cementitious composites. Different percentages of both additives were added to a control mix to study the effect on mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and EMI shielding. Optimal shielding was produced for aggregate contents of 1.5 wt%, with values of 5.18 dB for the EAFS mixes and 3.25 dB for the HWA mixes, within the frequency range 30 MHz to 1.5 GHz. Hybrid mixes were fabricated using 0.7 wt% of 12 mm long CF and three different percentages of each aggregate. In combination with the CF, the optimal level of shielding was produced with EAFS and HWA contents of 1 wt%. These optimal shielding levels were 34.21 dB and 36.78 dB, respectively, within the 30 MHz to 1.5 GHz frequency range. A further increase in either type of aggregate produced a gradual reduction in EMI shielding effectiveness.
Eye tracking applied to tobacco smoking: current directions and future perspectives
Authors: Valsecchi Matteo , Codispoti Maurizio
Published: November 2022

Over the years the general awareness of the health costs associated with tobacco smoking has motivated scientists to apply the measurement of eye movements to this form of addiction. On one hand they have investigated whether smokers attend and look preferentially at smoking related scenes and objects. In parallel, on the other hand eye tracking has been used to test how smokers and nonsmokers interact with the different types of health warning that policymakers have mandated in tobacco advertisements and packages. Here we provide an overview of the main findings from the different lines of research, such as the evidence related to the attentional bias for smoking cues in smokers and the evidence that graphic warning labels and plain packages measurably increase the salience of the warning labels. We point to some open questions, such as the conditions that determine whether heavy smokers exhibit a tendency to actively avoid looking at graphic warning labels. Finally we argue that the research applied to gaze exploration of warning labels would benefit from a more widespread use of the more naturalistic testing conditions (e.g. mobile eye tracking or virtual reality) that have been introduced to study the smokers’ attentional bias for tobacco-related objects when freely exploring the surrounding environment.
Video game training in traumatic brain injury patients: an exploratory case report study using eye tracking
Authors: Azizi Elham , Fielding Joanne , Abel Larry
Published: November 2022

Remediation of attentional impairments is an essential component of cognitive rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Evidence from healthy participants has demonstrated attentional improvement following playing an action video game. This exploratory study investigated its application in TBI participants in a multiple baselines single case experimental design (SCED). Saccadic eye movements, recognized as the visible indicators of visual attention, were assessed to evaluate the effectiveness of the game training. Three severe TBI participants were trained in an action game for 10 hours. Saccadic eye movements during a self-paced saccade and an abstract visual search task were investigated during baseline, mid training and post-training. Using Percentage of Non-overlapping Data (PND), analysis showed consistent increase in the rate of the self-paced saccades in participants 1 (PND=80%) and 2 (PND=70%). In abstract search, fixation duration showed a minimally effective decrease for participant 2 (PND= 60%) and a moderately effective reduction in participant 3 (PND= 80%). Search time showed a highly effective reduction in participant 2 (PND = 100%) and moderately effective decrease in participant 3 (PND=70%). Overall, video game training might modify allocation of attention in eye movements. More evidence is required to validate the usefulness of this novel method of the cognitive training.
Eye tracking in virtual reality: Vive pro eye spatial accuracy, precision, and calibration reliability
Authors: Schuetz Immo , Fiehler Katja
Published: November 2022

A growing number of virtual reality devices now include eye tracking technology, which can facilitate oculomotor and cognitive research in VR and enable use cases like foveated rendering. These applications require different tracking performance, often measured as spatial accuracy and precision. While manufacturers report data quality estimates for their devices, these typically represent ideal performance and may not reflect real-world data quality. Additionally, it is unclear how accuracy and precision change across sessions within the same participant or between devices, and how performance is influenced by vision correction. Here, we measured spatial accuracy and precision of the Vive Pro Eye built-in eye tracker across a range of 30 visual degrees horizontally and vertically. Participants completed ten measurement sessions over multiple days, allowing to evaluate calibration reliability. Accuracy and precision were highest for central gaze and decreased with greater eccentricity in both axes. Calibration was successful in all participants, including those wearing contacts or glasses, but glasses yielded significantly lower performance. We further found differences in accuracy (but not precision) between two Vive Pro Eye headsets, and estimated participants’ inter-pupillary distance. Our metrics suggest high calibration reliability and can serve as a baseline for expected eye tracking performance in VR experiments.
La gobernanza ambiental en las áreas naturales protegidas mexicanas: una reflexión desde el enfoque del capital social estructural
Authors: Cruz Coria Erika , Velázquez Castro Judith Alejandra
Published: November 2022

En este trabajo se realizan algunas reflexiones sobre los recursos sociales que facilitan la construcción de estructuras de gobernanza ambiental para la gestión de las áreas naturales protegidas (ANP). Ante la presencia dominante del Estado en estos territorios, el objetivo es identificar los mecanismos sociales que pueden facilitar la vinculación de los actores sociales a favor de estructuras sociales descentralizadas. Se enfatiza en el enfoque del capital social estructural como marco de análisis de las redes y los patrones de organización social. Si bien se señala la presencia de comunidades fuertes que gestionan los recursos de las áreas naturales protegidas, se destaca la necesidad de construir estructuras sociales complejas basadas en la vinculación de actores sociales de escalas y territorialidades distintas que faciliten los procesos de gobernanza ambiental. Se presenta una visión positiva y causal en torno al capital social estructural y la gobernanza; no obstante, se identifican algunas limitantes de dicho enfoque como marco de análisis para la comprensión de las relaciones sociales en territorios complejos como las áreas naturales protegidas. Metodológicamente este trabajo responde a un proceso de revisión bibliográfica y a un análisis de tipo inductivo donde el insumo principal es la evidencia empírica obtenida en trabajos previos realizados por las autoras. El análisis del capital social estructural desde el enfoque estructural puede dar cuenta de la morfología de las relaciones, no así de los vínculos entre actores sociales como un conjunto de relaciones de conflicto, tensiones y desacuerdos; de ahí que se proponen otras perspectivas.
Metodología basada en SIG y modelamiento para la recolección de llantas usadas en Bogotá
Authors: Barrera Valbuena Leydi , Ibarra Vega Danny
Published: November 2022

En este artículo se presenta una metodología para el estudio del incremento de llantas usadas y su recolección. Se comienza desde el modelamiento con dinámica de sistemas para visualizar el crecimiento del parque automotor y estimar la generación de llantas usadas en la ciudad de Bogotá. Posteriormente se diseña un Sistema de Información Geográfica ―SIG― con los puntos críticos de generación de llantas usadas, en donde se georreferencia también la malla vial de la ciudad y una ruta de recolección de estos residuos especiales. El SIG muestra los puntos críticos, los puntos de recolección y los potenciales puntos para ampliar la cobertura de rutas en diferentes localidades de la ciudad. Finalmente se determinan las rutas de recolección en las zonas donde se presenta la mayor cantidad de puntos críticos sin atender, siendo estos: Engativá, Bosa y Barrios Unidos. De esta forma se pretende aportar al diseño de rutas para la recolección y manejo de llantas usadas en Bogotá y otras ciudades con similar problemática.
Grupos funcionales microbianos en suelos contaminados con toxafeno en el departamento del Cesar, Colombia
Authors: Gómez Reyes Jorge Andrés , Luna Fontalvo Jorge Alberto
Published: November 2022

El toxafeno es un plaguicida organoclorado que se empleó por años en el cultivo de algodón. Después de su prohibición, en las antiguas bodegas de Cenalgodón (Caracolicito, Cesar) se realizaron malas prácticas de manejo que generaron la contaminación de suelos. Debido a esta problemática, y a la reconocida importancia de los grupos funcionales microbianos como indicadores de calidad, se realizó un análisis en suelos contaminados y sin contaminar para evaluar el efecto del toxafeno sobre algunas comunidades microbianas durante dos períodos climáticos. Fueron evaluadas algunas poblaciones de microorganismos cultivables relacionados con los ciclos del carbono y nitrógeno por el método de recuento directo en placa y número más probable utilizando medios de cultivos selectivos. Los recuentos totales de las poblacionales de bacterias, hongos (Log UFC/g de suelo) y grupos funcionales microbianos del C y del N (Log NMP/g de suelo) aislados del suelo contaminado con toxafeno fueron inferiores a los registrados para el suelo testigo durante el período de sequía y de lluvias (p≤ 0,05). Para ambos suelos algunos grupos de microorganismos se correlacionaron positivamente, lo que indica su participación sinérgica en el ciclado de nutrientes; esto podría favorecer a la recuperación del suelo contaminado y al mantenimiento del ecosistema, siempre y cuando se mejoren las condiciones ambientales y fisicoquímicas del sistema.
Incidencia del río Bogotá en la calidad microbiológica del agua del río Magdalena, municipio de Flandes (Tolima)
Authors: Ospina Zúñiga Oscar Efrén , Murillo Vargas Francisco Javier , Toro Margie Karina
Published: November 2022

La cuenca del río Bogotá está considerada como la más contaminada de Colombia, producto de la descarga de aguas residuales de una población superior a 7 millones de habitantes; aguas que al desembocar en la margen derecha del río Magdalena ―principal arteria fluvial nacional― deterioran su calidad y ponen en potencial riesgo la salud de una vasta población de la región central del país que se abastece de esta fuente hídrica para consumo humano, riego y contacto primario. En esta investigación se evaluó la incidencia del río Bogotá en la contaminación microbiológica del río Magdalena que sirve de fuente de abastecimiento del acueducto urbano del municipio de Flandes, departamento del Tolima, durante la ocurrencia del fenómeno de El Niño entre 2015-2016. Se realizaron muestreos en 4 puntos estratégicos a partir de ensayos microbiológicos efectuados en el tramo del río Magdalena, comprendido desde antes de la desembocadura del río Bogotá hasta la captación del acueducto urbano de Flandes, durante dos temporadas diferentes: la seca en el mes de febrero de 2016 y de lluvia en abril de 2016. Se concluyó que es una fuente de abastecimiento muy deficiente para consumo humano a partir de la contaminación microbiológica que le incorpora el río Bogotá, en especial en temporada seca, incidiendo en la calidad del agua captada por el acueducto de Flandes que puede llegar a implicar riesgo a la salud, requiriéndose a corto plazo la incorporación de nuevos procesos en su sistema de tratamiento para garantizar la remoción de la carga microbiológica.
Journal impact factors - The good, the bad, and the ugly
Authors: Malan D.F.
Published: November 2022

This paper provides an overview of the concepts of citations and journal impact factors, and the implications of these metrics for the Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (JSAIMM). Two key research literature databases publish journal impact factors; namely, Web of Science and Scopus. Different equations are used to calculate journal impact factors and care should be exercised when comparing different journals. The JSAIMM has a low impact factor compared with some of the more prestigious journals. It nevertheless compares well with journals serving other mining sectors, such as the Canadian CIM Journal. The problems associated with journal impact factors are discussed. These include questionable editorial practices, the negative impact of this concept on good research, and the problem of a few highly cited papers distorting the journal impact factor. As a consequence, there is growing resistance to the use of journal impact factors to measure research excellence. The San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment is a global movement striving for an alternative assessment of research quality. As a recommendation, the Editorial Board of the JSAIMM should adopt a pragmatic approach and not alter good journal policies simply to increase the journal impact factor. The focus should remain on publishing excellent quality papers. Marketing of the Journal, the quality of the published papers, and its open access policy should be used to counter the perception that journals with high impact factors are better options in which to publish good research material.
Baleni v Minister of Mineral Resources: A fait accompli
Authors: Thambi K.
Published: November 2022

The court in Baleni v Minister of Mineral Resources [2019] 2 SA 453 GP and [2020] 4 All SA 374 (GP), deliberated on the protection of rights of a community holding informal land tenure under Customary Law. The contention related to the necessary level of consent needed to acquire a mining right over such land. Moreover, whether consultations with such communities (Section 23, Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 (MPRDA) or consent (Section 2, Interim Protection of Informal Land Rights Act, No. 31 of 1996 (IPILRA)) was required to acquire such right. The case has a significant bearing on the granting of mining rights in South Africa, and the discretion of the Minister of Mineral Resources (the Minister) in this regard. However, the objectives of the MPRDA and IPILRA do not dovetail, therefore consultation and consent are not mutually exclusive (Tlale, 2020). This note argues that, despite the resounding victory of this case, the peripheral basis surrounding the decision and the various levels of engagement require serious deliberation. Equally, the degree of reliance on the IPILRA requires clarity to avoid aborting the fundamental objectives of the MPRDA. This paper provides considerations and recommendations that may reduce or eliminate the tensions between the statutory and socio-economic rights in the application of the two statutes.
Geological setting and concentration of scandium in the Flatreef and eastern limb chromitites of the Bushveld Complex
Authors: Kotze E. , Roelofse F. , Grobler D. , Gauert C. , Purchase M.
Published: November 2022

Scandium is an important industrial metal for which demand is projected to increase in the future. Although many Sc deposits are secondary, Sc is scavenged by clinopyroxene during fractional crystallization of primary, mafic-ultramafic magmas. Sc may thus occur in sub-economic concentrations in mafic-ultramafic intrusions. In this work, we present new data on the concentration of Sc in the Bushveld Complex (BC) of South Africa. The eastern and western limbs of the BC are considered to be largely pristine, primary magmatic deposits, whereas the northern limb shows evidence of large-scale, localized crustal contamination. Samples from the primary magmatic cumulates of the eastern limb, from the mineralized Flatreef of the northern limb, and from the crustal-contaminated Footwall Assimilation Zone (FAZ) of the Flatreef were analysed for Sc. Despite the FAZ containing abundant clinopyroxene, interpreted to have recrystallized from the original cumulates in the presence of melted sedimentary rocks, no significant differences are seen in the concentration of Sc compared to other cumulate rocks of the BC containing less-abundant clinopyroxene. The concentration of Sc in the analysed samples is mainly controlled by mineralogy, with anorthosites, chromitites, and harzburgites containing under 20 ppm, and norites and pyroxenites containing 20-40 ppm. The parapyroxenites of the FAZ are less enriched in Sc than expected, suggesting that Sc may have been lost during alteration and recrystallization.
The patient gene therapy journey: Findings from qualitative interviews with trial participants at one UK haemophilia centre
Authors: Aradom Elsa , Gomez Keith
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Gene therapy for haemophilia is in late-stage clinical development and has the potential to become a therapeutic option in clinical practice.

Aims

To enhance the understanding of the perspectives of people with haemophilia around gene therapy, and to highlight their concerns about and motivations for having gene therapy.

Method

Structured, qualitative interviews were conducted and recorded with six people who had received an investigational gene therapy product. The recordings were transcribed and thematically analysed.

Results

Most of those interviewed were under the age of 40, and the mean time out from their gene therapy infusion was 10 months. Adverse events were the main concerns pre-infusion, and impact on quality of life was the main motivating factor for choosing to go ahead. Pre-infusion, the treating centre and the health care professionals working there were the main source of information regarding gene therapy; only two participants looked elsewhere for information to support their decision. None of the respondents expressed concerns about the infusion day itself, and all found the infusion to be simple or uneventful. Post-infusion, four found the frequency of follow-up appointments difficult, with time and travel the main issues.

Conclusion

Although participants' perspectives on gene therapy were generally positive, there remains a need for education and support. Nurses will play an important role in the delivery of gene therapy for haemophilia, but all staff within the haemophilia treatment centre should be armed with the knowledge and confidence to answer questions about gene therapy.
The potential impact of gene therapy on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) domains in haemophilia
Authors: Bullinger Monika , Gardner Diandra Latibeaudiere , Lewis Hannah B , Miesbach Wolfgang , Nolte Sandra , O’Hara Jamie , O’Mahony Brian , Pollard Debra , Skinner Mark , Quinn Jennifer
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Haemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder characterised by spontaneous bleeding, often leading to impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Commonly used treatments include episodic and prophylactic treatment regimens. Gene therapies could soon become available, potentially creating a paradigm shift in patient management.

Aim

This paper proposes hypotheses about the potential impact of gene therapy on HRQoL domains in haemophilia, and how these impacts might differ compared with existing treatments.

Methods

An expert working group with 10 individuals experienced in haemophilia and HRQoL research was established to discuss potential impacts of gene therapy on HRQoL in general and for specific domains in haemophilia. As part of a one-day workshop, domains of three widely used patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments were explored: the Haemo-QoL-A, the Patient Reported Outcomes, Burden and Experiences (PROBE), and the Haemophilia Activities List (HAL).

Results

The group expected a greater improvement in HRQoL from gene therapy compared with existing treatments for the following domains: physical/role functioning, worry, and consequences of bleeding (Haemo-QoL-A); haemophilia-related health and EQ-5D-5L (part of the PROBE); leg and arm function, and leisure activities (HAL). In contrast, the experts suggested that no change or potential deterioration might be observed for the emotional impact (HAL) and treatment concerns (Haemo-QoL-A) domains.

Conclusions

Current PRO instruments in haemophilia have limitations when applied in the context of gene therapy, and no single instrument fully captures the relevant HRQoL domains. However, the PROBE and Haemo-QoL-A were considered as the most suitable existing instruments. As haemophilia treatments evolve, further research should examine the potential effectiveness of existing PRO instruments as compared to the development of novel PRO measures.
Dental extraction in congenital factor Vll deficiency with inhibitor – a case report
Authors: Nayar Geeta , Pillai Vijayakumar Narayana , Mathew Sheena , Menon Gokul Das
Published: November 2022

Background

Hereditary factor VII (FVII) deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance, and FVII deficiency with an inhibitor is extremely rare. There is sparse information in the literature on the management of tooth extraction in patients with FVII deficiency and an inhibitor.

Case description

We report the case of a five-year-old child with FVII deficiency and an inhibitor who underwent dental extraction. The child had had multiple bleeding episodes including intracranial haemorrhage and had a history of severe allergic reaction to the infusion of recombinant FVII. The tooth was extracted using lignocaine gel and the antifibrinolytic agent oral tranexamic acid.

Conclusion

The extraction of a deciduous tooth in a patient with FVII deficiency and an inhibitor was undertaken without bleeding complications. There are currently no guidelines regarding management of this type of case. Further studies and evidence are required so that management can be standardised.