bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„Dass man mal sieht, wie es eigentlich sein sollte.“
Konzeption, Pilotierung und Evaluation eines interprofessionellen
rehabilitationsbezogenen Moduls für die Medizin, Pflege und
Physiotherapie
Authors: Retznik Laura , Haucke Elisa , Schmidt Elisabeth , Mau Wilfried
Published: January 2023

Hintergrund Vor dem Hintergrund wachsender rehabilitativer
Versorgungsanforderungen ist eine gute interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit der
Gesundheitsberufe von zentraler Bedeutung und wird verstärkt gefordert.
Obwohl interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit als wichtiges Erfolgselement einer
ergebnis- und patientenorientierten Gesundheitsversorgung gilt und ein hoher
Bedarf nach ihrer stärkeren Vermittlung in den Ausbildungskontexten der
Gesundheitsberufe besteht, spielt sie diesbezüglich noch keine
bedeutende Rolle. Für die Rehabilitation fehlen bislang lernzielbasierte
interprofessionelle Lehrkonzepte und -materialien.

Methoden Das didaktische und inhaltliche Konzept für das Modul
wurde von einem interprofessionellen Dozent*innen-Team entwickelt. Der
Fokus des Moduls liegt auf dem Rehabilitations- und Entlassmanagement. Die
Lernziele wurden auf Basis des Nationalen Kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalogs
Medizin entwickelt. Das Modul vermittelt am ersten Tag fachwissenschaftliche
Inhalte durch Impulsreferate. Anschließend wird in Kleingruppen die
Aufgabenstellung zum Patient*innenbeispiel bearbeitet. Am zweiten Tag
findet das Patient*innengespräch mit anschließendem
strukturiertem Feedbackgespräch statt. Die formative Evaluation erfolgte
auf Basis eines Feedbackbogens der Lernenden und eines Bewertungsbogens der
Lernbegleitung.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt nahmen 47 Lernende an drei Durchläufen teil.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Modul insgesamt gut angenommen wurde. Die
Auszubildenden bewerteten das Modul positiver als die Medizinstudierenden,
insbesondere bei der Vertiefung ihrer Kompetenzen zum Rehabilitations- und
Entlassmanagement. Die Teilnehmenden betonten die gute praktische Zusammenarbeit
auf Augenhöhe und das ehrliche Feedbackgespräch, während
sie gleichzeitig auf den erlebten Kontrast zu ihrem Praxisalltag hinwiesen.
Weiterhin wünschten sie sich einen höheren Zeitumfang
für den mündlichen interprofessionellen Austausch. Die
Medizinstudierenden äußerten Kritik darüber, dass
interprofessionelle Module erst am Ende ihrer Ausbildung stattfinden.

Schlussfolgerung Nach Kenntnis der Autor*innen wurde erstmals ein
rehabilitationsbezogenes interprofessionelles Modul zum Rehabilitations- und
Entlassmanagement für die drei Berufsgruppen Medizin, Pflege und
Physiotherapie entwickelt, durchgeführt und positiv evaluiert.
Verbesserungsvorschläge der Lernenden führten zu
nachträglichen Modifizierungen des Moduls und werden bei der
nächsten Durchführung umgesetzt. Mit der Lehrveranstaltung
werden wichtige Impulse für die Weiterentwicklung der
interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit und der Vermittlung rehabilitationsbezogener
Kompetenzen gesetzt. Das modular einsetzbare Kompaktangebot steht anderen
Dozierenden im Reha-Wiki, einer kostenfreien Online-Plattform für
rehabilitationsbezogene Lehrmaterialien, zur Verfügung.
Is the Level of Pentraxin-3 a Valid Biomarker in Axial
Spondyloarthritis?
Authors: Orucoglu Nurdan , Balci-Fidanci Senay , Tamer Lulufer
Published: January 2023

Background Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) is essential in inflammation, remodelling
and regulation of inflammation in various rheumatic diseases. This study aimed
to determine whether serum PTX-3 levels indicate increased inflammation and
disease activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA).

Material and Methods The study comprised 50 AxSpA patients and 20 healthy
controls (HC). Serum PTX-3, interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 levels were compared
between AxSpA patients and the control group. The relationship between PTX-3
levels and acute-phase reactants and disease activity was examined. Disease
activity was scored using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index
(BASDAI) and the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score-CRP (ASDAS-CRP).
Patients with AxSpA were also separated into two subgroups –
non-radiographic AxSpA (nr-AxSpA) and radiographic AxSpA (r-AxSpA) – and
compared based on their PTX-3 levels. PTX-3, IL-17 and IL-23 levels were
measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.

Results PTX-3 levels were higher in patients with AxSpA compared with the
HC (2.69±2.03 vs 1.84±1.03 ng/mL,
p=0.025). When patients were divided into nr-AxSpA and r-AxSpA
subgroups, this difference was found to be only due to patients with r-AxSpA.
The r-AxSpA group had significantly higher PTX-3 levels than the nr-AxSpA and HC
groups (p=0.020 and p=0.016, respectively). There was no
statistically significant difference in PTX-3 levels between the nr-AxSpA and HC
groups (p=0.961). There was no correlation between PTX-3 levels and
acute-phase reactants, IL-17, IL-23 and disease activity scores (BASDAI and
ASDAS-CRP).

Conclusion These findings support the hypothesis that PTX-3 levels are
higher in patients with r-AxSpA, where chronic inflammation and structural
progression are more pronounced and can be used as an inflammation marker.
However, they demonstrate that this relationship does not exist in nr-AxSpA and
that there is no correlation between disease activity and PTX-3 levels. Thus,
PTX-3 levels may be associated with structural changes.
Network Pharmacology and Mechanism Studies of the Protective Effect of Ginseng against Alzheimerʼs Disease Based on Aβ Pathogenesis
Authors: Liu Jinman , Yu Wenqian , Ma Cuiru , Li Tianyao , Liang Yong , Su Shijie , Zhong Guangcheng , Xie Zhouyuan , Wu Qiqing , Chen Jiaxin , Wang Qi
Published: January 2023

Alzheimerʼs disease (AD) is a critical neurodegenerative disease that manifests as progressive intellectual decline and is pathologically characterized by a progressive loss of neurons in the brain. Despite extensive research on this topic, the pathogenesis of AD is not fully understood, while the beta-amyloid (Aβ) hypothesis remains the dominant one and only a few symptomatic drugs are approved for the treatment of AD. Ginseng has been widely reported as an effective herbal medicine for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia. Therefore, we explore the protective effects of ginseng in AD by a network pharmacological approach based on the pathogenesis of Aβ. Twenty-one major ginsenosides are screened based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) data. Among them, MAPK8, MAPK9, BACE1, FLT1, CDK2, and CCR5 are the core targets. By molecular docking and validation with the in vitro cell model APPswe-SH-SY5Y, we find that ginsenosides Rg3 and Ro have good neuroprotective effects and can reduce the expression of Aβ 1 – 42 in APPswe-SH-SY5Y. Finally, through RT-qPCR experiment, we find that ginsenoside Rg3 targeted MAPK8, FLT1, and CCR5, while ginsenoside Ro targeted MAPK8, MAPK9, FLT1, and CCR5 for its potential anti-AD efficacy.
Single-Step Full-Face Surgical Treatment of the Facial Profile
Authors: Bertossi Dario , Sacchetto Luca , Chirumbolo Salvatore , Panozzo Giorgio , Kapoor Krishan Mohan
Published: January 2023

The present study was performed to describe how much affordable, feasible, and straightforward is the approach the authors called “single-stage full-face surgical profileplasty,” tailored to greatly improve the surgery of the facial profiling setting and achieve complete profile correction at the same time. From January 2010 to May 2019, 113 patients (95 females and 18 males; aged 19 − 63 years) were surgically treated for full-face profile amelioration. Profile correction was performed by using a combination of five procedures out of other various previously experienced: forehead fat grafting, rhinoplasty, lip fat grafting, genioplasty, and submental liposuction. All patients were assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months following surgery for assessing the surgical profile treatment (SPT) outcome and any possible side effects of the combined treatment. Facial profile stability at 1 year was taken as the completion point of this treatment. Arnett et al's “Soft Tissue Cephalometric Analysis” (1999) was used to clinically evaluate the soft tissues before and after the SPT. Patients' satisfaction was measured with the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8” at 3 and 12 months after surgery. Statistics were used for Arnett et al's evaluation. Almost all the values were consistent and reached the normal ranges indicated by Arnett et al (p < 0.001), confirming that the desired results of the surgical profileplasty have been achieved. Single-stage full-face surgical profile treatment helps in correcting faults of the global facial deformity, in every single treated area, providing an overall improvement in facial aesthetics and harmony. Obtaining the simultaneous correction in the whole face has also the advantage of avoiding multiple surgical procedures, reducing postoperative discomfort, and the overall risks for the patient due to multiple surgical and anesthetic procedures.
Construction of Thienopyrroles through Rhodium-Catalyzed Direct Annulation of (Acetylamino)thiophenes with Alkynes
Authors: Satoh Tetsuya , Hayashi Mikishiro , Michikita Ryudai , Usuki Yoshinosuke
Published: January 2023

The direct annulative coupling of 3-(acetylamino)thiophenes with internal alkynes proceeds smoothly under rhodium catalysis through acetylamino-directed C–H bond cleavage at the C2-position, leading to the effective construction of 4-acetylthieno[3,2-b]pyrrole derivatives. The acetyl directing group on the annulation product is readily removed to produce the 4-unprotected thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole derivative.
Catalyst-Free Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides by gem-Dihydroperoxide under Mild Conditions
Authors: Grabovskii Stanislav A. , Andrijashina Nadezhda M. , Lobov Alexandr N. , Antipin Arkadiy V. , Safiullin Rustam L.
Published: January 2023

A facile and efficient method for the oxidation of sulfides (dialkyl, phenylalkyl, benzylalkyl) to sulfoxides under mild conditions without using any catalysts is reported. This method afforded a series of sulfoxides with good yields (>95%). The ready accessibility and low cost of the gem-dihydroperoxides will endow it with attractive applications in chemical synthesis as oxidants.
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Cystic Fibrosis in the Era of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator Modulators
Authors: Burke Andrew , Thomson Rachel M. , Wainwright Claire E. , Bell Scott C.
Published: January 2023

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a group of mycobacteria which represent opportunistic pathogens that are of increasing concern in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). The acquisition has been traditionally though to be from environmental sources, though recent work has suggested clustered clonal infections do occur and transmission potential demonstrated among pwCF attending CF specialist centers. Guidelines for the screening, diagnosis, and identification of NTM and management of pwCF have been published. The emergence of CF-specific therapies, in particular cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) modulator drugs, have led to significant improvement in the health and well-being of pwCF and may lead to challenges in sampling the lower respiratory tract including to screen for NTM. This review highlights the epidemiology, modes of acquisition, screening and diagnosis, therapeutic approaches in the context of improved clinical status for pwCF, and the clinical application of CFTR modulator therapies.
Associations between the Safe Prevention of Primary Cesarean Delivery Care Consensus and Maternal/Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Estrada Pamela , Tipton Laura , Chong Rylan , Towner Dena , Yamasato Kelly
Published: January 2023

Objective This study aimed to compare cesarean delivery (CD) rates and maternal/neonatal outcomes before and after the 2014 ACOG/SMFM Obstetric Care Consensus for Safe Prevention of Primary CD.

Study Design This retrospective study compared unscheduled CD rates and outcomes of singleton, cephalic, term pregnancies at a tertiary-care teaching maternity hospital. Births 5 years before (March 2009–February 2014) and after (June 2014–May 2019) release of the consensus were included. Chi-square and t-test were used to compare outcomes and logistic regression to adjust for confounders.

Results In this study, 44,001 pregnancies were included, 20,887 before and 23,114 after the consensus. Unscheduled CD rates increased after the consensus (12.9 vs. 14.3%, p < 0.001); however, there was no difference after adjustment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91–1.03). Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) deliveries increased among multiparas (4.8 vs. 7.2%, p < 0.001), which remained significant after adjustment (aOR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.37–1.66). Postpartum hemorrhage, blood transfusion, and chorioamnionitis were modestly increased, while third-degree perineal lacerations decreased. Uterine rupture and neonatal outcomes were unchanged after adjustment.

Conclusion At our tertiary-care maternity hospital, the Safe Prevention of Primary CD Care Consensus was not associated with a change in unscheduled CD, though VBAC deliveries increased. We did not demonstrate improved neonatal outcomes and showed increased maternal morbidity that warrants further study.

Key Points
Workforce Characteristics of Early Career Neonatologists and Comparison of Practice Sites
Authors: Nestander Matt , Day Colby , Lucke Ashley , Gautam Shiva , Horowitz Eric , Bernstein Sarah M. , Bhatia Anisha
Published: January 2023

Objective Transitioning into the early career physician workforce is a uniquely challenging period in a neonatologist's career. There are limited educational opportunities in fellowship regarding career progression, practice models, and benefits. Understanding these factors are key when searching for employment. This study evaluates the early career neonatologist (ECN) workforce and employment characteristics to improve identification of professional needs.

Study Design An anonymous 59-question cross-sectional survey was distributed in July 2020 to members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Neonatal Perinatal Medicine Trainees and Early Career Neonatologists (TECaN). The survey instrument was designed using SurveyMonkey and assessed search methods for identifying employers, employment contract details, and professional duties. Questions addressed clinical service time, level of acuity, protected research time, financial compensation, benefits, job search methods, and promotion requirements. Comparisons were drawn between respondents exclusively working in a university-based setting and respondents employed in nonuniversity locations. Responses were collected using SurveyMonkey and then extracted to a Microsoft Excel Workbook for analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.4.

Results Of 1,302 eligible members, 348 people responded (26.7%). Forty-six percent of respondents worked in a university setting and 54% worked in a nonuniversity setting. Using employment site as a discriminator, significant differences were noted in scheduling models. University-located respondents were more likely to work 2-week block schedules, fewer weekend/weeknight call, less clinical weeks per year, and more research/administrative weeks per year. Between university and nonuniversity located positions, benefits were largely comparable, while factors perceived as influential toward promotion varied depending on practice site.

Conclusion This study provides ECNs with a contemporary workforce description vital to graduating TECaN seeking employment or renegotiating professional obligations. While benefits were largely similar based on practice site, promotion factors and scheduling models may vary depending on location.

Key Points
Preoperative Workup, Staging, and Treatment Planning of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Abbass Mohammad Ali A. , Abbas Maher A.
Published: January 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of death in the United States. CRC is the second to third most common cancer globally and it impacts both genders. Screening initiatives are of paramount importance to eradicate the disease at a precancerous or early stage. Recommendations for screening are based on multiple factors including age, ethnicity, individual patient risk factors, and family history. Short- and long-term outcomes and survival data correlate with the stage of disease at the time of diagnosis emphasizing the need for appropriate baseline staging. Furthermore, stage of disease determines the necessity for any neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy and provides recommendations for long-term oncologic follow-up. Preoperative workup includes physical examination, blood tests such as tumor markers and liver function tests, endoscopic evaluation, and cross-sectional imaging. In a select group of patients, genetic testing is part of the initial evaluation as it can impact the treatment plan, long-term follow-up, and testing of potential offspring. In general, surgical intervention remains the predominant treatment modality for stage I to III colon cancers with chemotherapy administration as adjuvant therapy for stages II to III to minimize recurrence or as a palliative modality for patients with stage IV disease. The treatment of rectal cancer remains more complex. Traditionally, early rectal cancer has been treated with surgical resection and locally advanced rectal cancer with neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgical resection and postoperative chemotherapy. In the last decade, several protocols have been implemented to modify the neoadjuvant treatment with a trend toward more extended chemotherapy with the intent to further downstage the rectal cancer. Furthermore, the introduction of various protocols of total neoadjuvant chemoradiation may offer in a select group of patients with complete pathologic response, the possibility of observation without surgery. Finally, the management of stage IV CRC is in continuous evolution with the palliative goal of prolonging survival in most patients while offering the opportunity in some patients with limited metastatic disease to become potential candidates for resection of the primary lesion in addition to the metastatic disease.
Three-dimensional acoustic radiation force of a eukaryotic cell arbitrarily positioned in a Gaussian beam
Authors: Li Shuyuan , Zhang Xiaofeng
Published: January 2023

Expressions are derived for calculating the three-dimensional acoustic radiation force (ARF) on a multilayer microsphere positioned arbitrarily in a Gaussian beam. A theoretical model of a three-layer microsphere with a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus is established to study how particle geometry and position affect the three-dimensional ARF, and its results agree well with finite-element numerical results. The microsphere can be moved relative to the beam axis by changing its structure and position in the beam, and the axial ARF increases with increasing outer-shell thickness and core size. This study offers a theoretical foundation for selecting suitable parameters for manipulating a three-layer microsphere in a Gaussian beam.
Long-term release of regulatory genes to repair femoral head
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: January 2023

A heat-sensitive nanocomposite hydrogel solidifies in the body and delivers gene therapy to treat alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
New model demonstrates financial portfolio optimization using fractal analysis
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: January 2023

Alternate approach challenges “traditional” modern portfolio theory
Assessment of radial transport induced by Alfvénic resonances in tokamaks and stellarators
Authors: White R. B. , Duarte V. N.
Published: January 2023

In a symmetric plasma confinement device, a perturbation such as an Alfvén mode produces a resonance island which flattens the local energy gradient due to induced rotation about the elliptic points of the resonance. The location of the resonance is mode frequency and particle energy dependent, and particles away from the resonance are not affected. A projection onto the Poincaré subspace allows the evaluation of resonance widths and internal rotation rates. In a stellarator without symmetry because of the toroidal dependence of the equilibrium magnetic field, a mode instead produces chaos in all orbits passing where the amplitude is large and is, thus, much more effective in producing radial transport and loss. The mode growth rate and saturation are also affected by the local chaos.
Study of interaction and complete merging of binary cyclones using complex networks
Authors: De Somnath , Gupta Shraddha , Unni Vishnu R. , Ravindran Rewanth , Kasthuri Praveen , Marwan Norbert , Kurths Jürgen , Sujith R. I.
Published: January 2023

Cyclones are among the most hazardous extreme weather events on Earth. In certain scenarios, two co-rotating cyclones in close proximity to one another can drift closer and completely merge into a single cyclonic system. Identifying the dynamic transitions during such an interaction period of binary cyclones and predicting the complete merger (CM) event are challenging for weather forecasters. In this work, we suggest an innovative approach to understand the evolving vortical interactions between the cyclones during two such CM events (Noru–Kulap and Seroja–Odette) using time-evolving induced velocity-based unweighted directed networks. We find that network-based indicators, namely, in-degree and out-degree, quantify the changes in the interaction between the two cyclones and are excellent candidates to classify the interaction stages before a CM. The network indicators also help to identify the dominant cyclone during the period of interaction and quantify the variation of the strength of the dominating and merged cyclones. Finally, we show that the network measures also provide an early indication of the CM event well before its occurrence.
Space charge effect in low-density ultracold ion bunches
Authors: Zhou Wenchang , Fang Feng , Luo Changjie , Qian Dongbin , Yang Jie , Lu Liang
Published: January 2023

We have implemented an approach to investigate the space charge effect (SCE) in the ultracold ion bunch produced through the near-threshold photoionization of laser-cooled rubidium atoms trapped in a magneto-optical trap. The non-linear broadening of spatial profile of the ultracold ion bunch induced by SCE within the initial density range of 3.7 × 106–4.5 × 107/cm3 was explored using a time-of-flight spectrometer coupled with an imaging detector. A charged particle tracing simulation accounting for all pairwise ion–ion Coulomb interactions and an analytical model calculation, which predicts the dependence of the ion bunch density on time evolution and initial density, reproduced the experimental results successfully, indicating that the study could capture the evolution dynamics of ion bunch dominated by SCE. The aim of this work is to extend the investigation on SCE to extreme low-density regions of the order of 106 /cm3 and is expected to be useful in optimizing the performance of ultracold ion/electron sources.
Imaging velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR) diagnostics for high energy density sciences
Authors: Celliers Peter M. , Millot Marius
Published: January 2023

Two variants of optical imaging velocimetry, specifically the one-dimensional streaked line-imaging and the two-dimensional time-resolved area-imaging versions of the Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector (VISAR), have become important diagnostics in high energy density sciences, including inertial confinement fusion and dynamic compression of condensed matter. Here, we give a brief review of the historical development of these techniques, then describe the current implementations at major high energy density (HED) facilities worldwide, including the OMEGA Laser Facility and the National Ignition Facility. We illustrate the versatility and power of these techniques by reviewing diverse applications of imaging VISARs for gas-gun and laser-driven dynamic compression experiments for materials science, shock physics, condensed matter physics, chemical physics, plasma physics, planetary science and astronomy, as well as a broad range of HED experiments and laser-driven inertial confinement fusion research.
Chlorhexidine/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes by freeze- and spray-drying: Characterization and behavior in aqueous system
Authors: Novatski Andressa , Ribeiro Mauricio Ap. , Camilo Alexandre , Lenzi Ervin Kaminski , Urban Amanda M. , Schoeffel Amanda , Urban Vanessa M. , Neppelenbroek Karin H. , Jacinto Carlos , Sato Francielle , Astrath Nelson G. C. , Rudnik Loanda A. C. , Kanunfre Carla C. , Nadal Jessica Mendes , Farago Paulo V.
Published: January 2023

Freeze- and spray-dried inclusion complexes (ICs) of chlorhexidine (CHX) in β-cyclodextrin were characterized by Fourier transform (FT)-Raman, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and photoacoustic spectroscopy. The active Raman modes of CHX were simulated using the density functional theory. By considering semiempirical calculations, it was observed that the guest penetrates on the wider rim of the host in a proportion of 1:2. We observe from the FT-Raman analysis that the drying method influences the CHX:β-cyclodextrin conformational adjustment by the rearrangement of hydrophilic biguanides of the guest. The photoacoustic spectroscopy results inferred that the freeze-drying method provided a better inclusion due to a lower interaction between phenyl groups and hexamethylene of CHX. The freeze-dried IC achieved a faster dissolution pattern. These ICs provided immediate drug dissolution profiles in an aqueous medium better than a pure drug. The release profiles of freeze- and spray-dried ICs were explained by Fickian diffusion. These data support further planning and development projects of novel immediate release systems based on CHX.
Dark current in monolithic extended-SWIR GeSn PIN photodetectors
Authors: Atalla M. R. M. , Assali S. , Koelling S. , Attiaoui A. , Moutanabbir O.
Published: January 2023

Monolithic integration of extended short-wave infrared photodetectors (PDs) on silicon is highly sought-after to implement manufacturable, cost-effective sensing and imaging technologies. With this perspective, GeSn PIN PDs have been the subject of extensive investigations because of their bandgap tunability and silicon compatibility. However, due to growth defects, these PDs suffer a relatively high dark current density as compared to commercial III–V PDs. Herein, we elucidate the mechanisms governing the dark current in 2.6 μm GeSn PDs at a Sn content of 10 at. %. It was found that in the temperature range of 293–363 K and at low bias, the diffusion and Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) leakage mechanisms dominate the dark current in small diameter (20 μm) devices, while combined SRH and trap assisted tunneling (TAT) leakage mechanisms are prominent in larger diameter (160 μm) devices. However, at high reverse bias, the TAT leakage mechanism becomes dominant regardless of the operating temperature and device size. The effective non-radiative carrier lifetime in these devices was found to reach ∼100–150 ps at low bias. Owing to TAT leakage current, however, this lifetime reduces progressively as the bias increases.
Limited ionicity in poor protic ionic liquids: Association Gibbs energies
Authors: Klapatiuk Devin O. , Waugh Shawn L. , Mukadam Abdulrahman A. , East Allan L. L.
Published: January 2023

Protic ionic liquids (PILs), made from anhydrous mixtures of Bronsted acids HA and bases B (HA + B → BH+ + A−), occasionally suffer from limited ionicity. In cases of “poor” PILs (<10% ionicity, e.g., using carboxylic acids), past simulations have hinted that ion-pair association, more than incomplete proton transfer, is at fault. To improve upon the Fuoss equation for predicting the degree of ion pairing, new electrostatic equations (including induced dipoles) are presented, for ion-pair and other associations that occur in anhydrous amine/carboxylic acid mixtures. The equations present the association Gibbs energies ΔGA (and thus the association constants KA) as functions of three fundamental properties: the acid/base mixing ratio (n = xA/xB), the HA-to-B proton-transfer strength (ΔpKa,ε=78), and the dielectric constant (relative permittivity) of the mixture (ε). Parameter values were obtained from fits to constant-dielectric quantum chemistry data (obtained and presented here). These ΔGA functions were then used to predict ΔGioniz values for the net ion-generating (autoionization) equilibrium in carboxylic acid/amine mixtures: 2B(HA)n⇄B(HA)n−dHB++A(HA)n+d−1−, where n = xA/xB and d = degree of disproportionation. The agreement with experiment was excellent, demonstrating that these equations could have useful predictive power.
In-plane thermal conductivity measurements of Si thin films under a uniaxial tensile strain
Authors: Chen Qiyu , Medina Fabian Javier , Wang Sien , Hao Qing
Published: January 2023

At the atomic level, heat is viewed as energy for lattice vibrational waves, i.e., a mechanical wave. Correspondingly, the strain as atomic displacement can have a profound impact on the thermal transport. Despite numerous atomistic simulations, fewer experimental efforts can be found for strain-dependent thermal properties of individual nanostructures and thin films. In this work, suspended 2 μm-thick Si films were stretched to reveal the influence of the uniaxial tensile strain on in-plane thermal conductivity along the stretching direction. In a high vacuum, the room-temperature thermal conductivity of a 2 μm-thick Si film decreased from 135.5 ± 6.9 to 127.2 ± 6.5 W/m K under a ∼0.44% tensile strain. This thermal conductivity decrease followed the predicted trend for Si films. In addition, the heat transfer coefficient of representative thin films in the air was also measured to reveal the impact of the heat loss along the sample sidewall on previous in-air thermal measurements.
Banded chorus generation by an electron shell distribution in an inhomogeneous magnetic field: 1D PIC simulations
Authors: Min Kyungguk
Published: January 2023

Although many theoretical models have been proposed over several decades, the origin of banded chorus with a gap in intensity at Ωe/2 (Ωe being the angular electron cyclotron frequency) is still debated. In one of those models, the chorus gap formation is attributed to two anisotropic electron populations separated by an isotropized population (called the parallel plateau) at energy resonant with waves of frequency ∼Ωe/2. Here, we simplify the plateau population as an electron shell distribution in velocity space and investigate its role in the gap formation using a particle-in-cell code in a non-uniform magnetic field. The base plasma is configured to generate rising chorus elements spanning in frequency from below to above Ωe/2. Then, multiple simulations are run with an additional shell distribution with different density values to investigate the gap formation. The simulation results show that even a relatively small fraction of shell is quite effective in arresting the frequency chirping of lower-band chorus at ∼Ωe/2, resulting in a power gap there. Phase space analysis indicates that the resonant current contributed by the phase-trapped shell electrons (forming a phase space hill) can counteract nonlinear chorus growth driven by the phase space hole of energetic, anisotropic electrons. This process occurs in combination with the linear cyclotron damping suggested in earlier studies, and the resulting nonlinear damping may exceed the latter effect.
A micro-electro-mechanical accelerometer based on gallium nitride on silicon
Authors: Morelle C. , Théron D. , Roch-Jeune I. , Tilmant P. , Okada E. , Vaurette F. , Grimbert B. , Derluyn J. , Degroote S. , Germain M. , Faucher M.
Published: January 2023

We report on an accelerometer micro-sensor based on epitaxial gallium nitride and silicon. The device is a vibrating beam accelerometer fabricated with a micro-electro-mechanical-system technology starting from an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure grown on silicon. The vibrating GaN beam has integrated high electron mobility transducers, whereas a high aspect ratio proof mass is engineered in the silicon substrate. The sensor response was investigated for several modes and features a scale factor up to 160 Hz/g, with unconventional dependence vs the mode number. To account for this, we propose an analytical model of the accelerometer scale factor that takes into account the built-in stress during epitaxy. This proof-of-concept device opens perspectives for inertial sensors taking advantage of GaN properties.
Engineering Co/MgO interface with heavy metals for voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect
Authors: Nakayama Hiroyasu , Nozaki Takayuki , Nozaki Tomohiro , Yuasa Shinji
Published: January 2023

We have investigated the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect in Co/MgO junctions by inserting a sub-atomic layer of heavy metals at the interface. We evaluated an electrical control of the magnetic anisotropy by using a micro-magneto-optical Kerr effect magnetometer. The VCMA coefficient of the Co/MgO junctions increases with the insertion of an Ir or Pt layer and decreases with the insertion of an Os layer. These results imply that the VCMA coefficient can be engineered by doping heavy metals at the interface. The interface engineering using a heavy metal layer provides us with a method to control the VCMA coefficient over a wide range.
Asymptotic stability of the 2D MHD equations without resistivity on a flat strip domain
Authors: Chen Dongxiang , Li Xiaoli , Chen Xiaoli
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we establish the asymptotic stability of certain stationary solution to 2D magnetohydrodynamic flow without resistivity in the infinite flat strip Ω=R×(0,1). In addition, some explicit decay rates are also established.
Simulation of a strong steady-state plasma shock in a warm dense matter regime
Authors: Keenan Brett D. , Smith Chrismond D. , Livescu Daniel , Haack Jeffrey , Pavel Robert S.
Published: January 2023

The structure of collisional plasma shocks has been subject to an extensive, multi-decadal investigation—in the hydrodynamic, hybrid kinetic ion/electron fluid, and fully kinetic ion/electron limits. Despite this thoroughness, all of these studies apply exclusively to classical, weakly coupled plasmas. Here, we report the first results for a planar hydrodynamic simulation of a strong, steady-state shock in a subspace of the warm dense matter (WDM) regime. Specifically, we consider a plasma of fully degenerate electrons with moderate-to-strongly coupled ions. Since the WDM ion and electron transport coefficients and equation of state differ markedly from their non-degenerate, weak-coupling equivalents, we find that the structure of a WDM plasma shock notably deviates from the ideal plasma picture.
Low-pressure CO2 discharges: 1D modeling
Authors: Naidis G. V. , Babaeva N. Yu.
Published: January 2023

A 1D model of glow low-pressure CO2 discharges is developed. In the framework of this model, simulation of stationary and repetitively pulsed discharges at pressure ranging from 0.5 to 5 Torr and current from 10 to 50 mA is performed. The obtained plasma characteristics are compared with the available experimental results and with the data evaluated based on the approximate 0D approach. The results of 0D and 1D calculations agree for most of plasma parameters, except for the molar fraction of CO molecules produced at CO2 dissociation by electron impact. Agreement between the measured and calculated, in the framework of the 1D model, values of the CO molar fraction is provided by modifying the expression of the dissociation rate constant vs the reduced electric field.
Impact of Allee and fear effects in a fractional order prey–predator system incorporating prey refuge
Authors: Xie Binfeng , Zhang Zhengce
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we study the dynamic behaviors of a fractional order predator–prey system, in which the prey population has three effects: Allee effect, fear effect, and shelter effect. First, we prove in detail the positivity, existence, uniqueness, and boundedness of the solutions of the model from the perspective of mathematical analysis. Second, the stability of the system is considered by analyzing the stability of all equilibria and possible bifurcations of the system. It is proved that the system undergoes Hopf bifurcation with respect to four important parameters at the positive equilibrium point. Third, through stability analysis of the system, we find that: (i) as long as the initial density of the prey population is small enough, it will enter the attraction region of an extinction equilibrium point, making the system population at risk of extinction; (ii) we can eliminate the limit-cycle to make the system achieve stable coexistence by appropriately increasing the fear level or refuge rate, or reducing the prey natality or the order of fractional order systems; (iii) fractional order system is more stable than integer order systems, when the system has periodic solution, the two species can coexist stably by increasing the fear level or refuge rate appropriately. The threshold of fear level and refuge rate in fractional order systems is smaller than that in integer order systems. Finally, the rationality of the research results is verified by numerical simulation.
Multiscale statistical quantum transport in porous media and random alloys with vacancies
Authors: Sharafedini Elham , Hamzehpour Hossein , Alidoust Mohammad
Published: January 2023

We have developed a multiscale self-consistent method to study the charge conductivity of a porous system or a metallic matrix alloyed by randomly distributed nonmetallic grains and vacancies by incorporating Schrödinger’s equation and Poisson’s equation. To account for the random distribution of the nonmetallic grains and clusters within the alloy system, we have used an uncorrelated white-noise Monte Carlo sampling to generate numerous random alloys and statistically evaluate the charge conductance. We have performed a parametric study and investigated various electrical aspects of random porous and alloy systems as a function of the inherent parameters and density of the random grains. Our results find that the charge conductance within the low-voltage regime shows a highly nonlinear behavior against voltage variations in stark contrast to the high-voltage regime where the charge conductance is constant. The former finding is a direct consequence of the quantum scattering processes. The results reveal the threshold to the experimentally observable quantities, e.g., voltage difference, so that the charge current is activated for values larger than the threshold. The numerical study determines the threshold of one quantity as a function of the remaining quantities. Our method and results can serve to guide future experiments in designing circuital elements, involving this type of random alloy system.
Mechanosensitive miR-99b mediates the regulatory effect of matrix stiffness on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell fate both in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Cao Bojun , Li Jiaxin , Wang Xiaowen , Ran Zhaoyang , Tan Jia , Deng Liang , Hao Yongqiang
Published: January 2023

Mechanical signals from extracellular matrix stiffness are important cues that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, the incorporation of BMSCs into soft hydrogels and the dominance of soft matrices for BMSC growth and differentiation limit the directed differentiation of BMSCs incorporated into hydrogels for tissue engineering, especially osteogenesis. Here, we found that the expression of miR-99b increased with increasing hydrogel stiffness and that miR-99b regulated the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs seeded on the surface of substrates with different stiffnesses. Furthermore, miR-99b significantly promoted the migration of BMSCs in 3D hydrogels. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that matrix stiffness-sensitive miR-99b targets the mammalian target of the rapamycin signaling pathway to regulate the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In addition, by modulating the expression of miR-99b, the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in soft 3D hydrogels was promoted. Consistently, the flexible BMSC-GelMA hydrogel transfected with miR-99b significantly promoted bone regeneration in the rat calvarial defect area. These results suggest that miR-99b plays a key role in the mechanotransduction and phenotypic transformation of BMSCs and may inspire new tissue engineering applications with MSCs as key components.
A spectroscopic and thermometric comparison of α- and β-phase KYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles
Authors: Solanki Pratik S. , Balabhadra Sangeetha , Reid Michael F. , Wells Jon-Paul R.
Published: January 2023

We report absorption, fluorescence, and thermometric studies of both (α) cubic and (β) hexagonal phase KYF4:Yb/Er nanoparticles. The cubic phase of KYF4:Yb/Er nanoparticles was achieved using a hydrothermal approach, and the cubic to hexagonal phase transformation was successfully realized by controlling the annealing temperature at 500 °C. Both nanoparticle systems exhibit similar maxima in the Yb3+ absorption spectra at 10 268 cm−1 (974 nm). The 2H11/2, 4S3/2, and 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 transitions are recorded in the Er3+ upconversion fluorescence spectrum using 974 nm laser excitation. The green and red fluorescence of the hexagonal phase were approximately 100 and 2000 times more intense, respectively, than that of the cubic phase. The red to green ratio (R/G) was 50:1 and 2:1 for β-KYF4:Yb/Er and α-KYF4:Yb/Er nanoparticles, respectively. A three-photon process is involved in green upconversion for β-KYF4:Yb/Er, as described by 2F5/2 (Yb3+) + 4F9/2 (Er3+) → 2F7/2 (Yb3+) + 4G11/2 (Er3+). Using the fluorescence intensity ratio technique from thermally coupled Er3+ 2H11/2 and 4S3/2 levels, a very high thermal sensitivity of 1.76 and 1.49% K−1 at ambient temperatures was achieved for α- and β-phase materials, respectively.
Bulk single crystals and physical properties of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 (x = 0–0.35) grown by the Czochralski method
Authors: Galazka Zbigniew , Fiedler Andreas , Popp Andreas , Ganschow Steffen , Kwasniewski Albert , Seyidov Palvan , Pietsch Mike , Dittmar Andrea , Anooz Saud Bin , Irmscher Klaus , Suendermann Manuela , Klimm Detlef , Chou Ta-Shun , Rehm Jana , Schroeder Thomas , Bickermann Matthias
Published: January 2023

We have systematically studied the growth, by the Czochralski method, and basic physical properties of a 2 cm and 2 in. diameter bulk β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 single crystal with [Al] = 0–35 mol. % in the melt in 5 mol. % steps. The segregation coefficient of Al in the Ga2O3 melt of 1.1–1.2 results in a higher Al content in the crystals than in the melt. The crystals were also co-doped with Si or Mg. [Al] = 30 mol. % in the melt (33–36 mol. % in the crystals) seems to be a limit for obtaining bulk single crystals of high structural quality suitable for homoepitaxy. The crystals were either semiconducting (no intentional co-dopants with [Al] = 0–30 mol. % and Si-doped with [Al] = 15–20 mol. %), degenerately semiconducting (Si-doped with [Al] ≤ 15 mol. %), or semi-insulating ([Al] ≥ 25 mol. % and/or Mg-doped). The full width at half maximum of the rocking curve was 30–50 arcsec. The crystals showed a linear but anisotropic decrease in all lattice constants and a linear increase in the optical bandgap (5.6 eV for [Al] = 30 mol. %). The room temperature electron mobility at similar free electron concentrations gradually decreases with [Al], presumably due to enhanced scattering at phonons as the result of a larger lattice distortion. In Si co-doped crystals, the scattering is enhanced by ionized impurities. Measured electron mobilities and bandgaps enabled to estimate the Baliga figure of merit for electronic devices.
High mobility amorphous InSnO thin film transistors via low-temperature annealing
Authors: Hu Mengzhen , Xu Lei , Zhang Xinnan , Hao Hanyuan , Zong Shi , Chen Haimin , Song Zengcai , Luo Shijun , Zhu Zhihua
Published: January 2023

In this article, we fabricated amorphous InSnO thin film transistors (TFTs) with exceedingly high mobility and low thermal budget. The device is annealed only at a low temperature of 150 °C, a field-effect mobility (μFE) of 70.53 cm2/V s, a subthreshold swing of 0.25 V/decade, an on/off current ratio over 108, and a reasonable threshold voltage shift under negative bias stress. The influence of thermal annealing on amorphous InSnO TFTs was investigated by systematically analyzing the crystallization, surface morphology, internal chemical state, and energy band relationship of the InSnO thin film. Amorphous InSnO films deposited at room temperature have a sparse and porous loose structure, which has carrier scattering caused by poor film quality, resulting in low mobility and few free carriers in the film. With the increase in the annealing temperature, the In and Sn metal cations are further oxidized, increasing the carrier concentration in the film and forming a dense M–O–M network when annealed at 150 °C. With the further increase in the annealing temperature, a large number of thermally excited free electrons make the device appear metal like conductivity. This paper expands the research on a high electron concentration InSnO material as the active layer and promotes the development of amorphous oxide semiconductors in high mobility and flexible TFTs.
Studying the Marangoni effect in double emulsions with a hybrid multi-relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method–finite difference method
Authors: Jiang Xianyi , Deng Zilong , Wu Suchen , Liu Xiangdong
Published: January 2023

Two-phase mass transfer is a critical process in preparing the inertial confinement fusion target microsphere. It is essential to reveal the effect of Marangoni convection on the flow and mass transfer in double emulsions to prepare high-quality microspheres. This paper develops a two-dimensional two-phase flow and mass transfer model based on multi-relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method and finite difference method. The study of the Marangoni effect within the double emulsion under a shear flow is carried out. The results indicate that the slope parameter (which measures the sensitivity of surface tension to the variation of solvent) and initial solvent concentration crucially affect the mass transfer behavior and the magnitude of the Marangoni convection of double emulsions. When the slope parameter is zero, there is no Marangoni convection in the flow field, the magnitude of the vorticity field is minimal, and solvent diffuses uniformly and slowly to the outer water phase. However, at low values of slope parameter, the Marangoni vortex formed within the emulsion is weak, and few plumes appear in the concentration field; at higher values, the magnitude of the vorticity field increases, and a large number of plumes appear and merge. Compared with the slope parameter, the mass transfer process is less sensitive to the initial solvent concentration. Plumes appear and merge at three different initial solvent concentrations. The time required for double emulsions to develop into equilibrium is inversely proportional to the initial solvent concentration.
Extreme temperature operation for broad bandwidth quantum-dot based superluminescent diodes
Authors: Kyaw Aye S. M. , Kim Dae-Hyun , Butler Iain M. , Nishi K. , Takemasa K. , Sugawara M. , Childs David T. D. , Hogg Richard A.
Published: January 2023

The high-temperature resilience of quantum-dot (QD) laser materials is exploited to realize a broad spectral bandwidth emitter in the near infrared. For an InAs/GaAs-based QD-superluminescent light emitting diode (SLEDs), we introduced a 2000 μm long, 5 μm width ridge waveguide that is tilted by 7° and composed of eight multi-sections. With increased temperature operation over 160 °C, the spectral bandwidth is dramatically increased by thermally excited carrier transition in ES1 and ES2. Additionally, the positive net-modal gain is demonstrated at the high operating temperatures, and this is exploited in the QD-SLEDs operating at 180 °C, which exhibit a −3 dB linewidth of 270 nm and a power of 0.34 mW. The simplicity of this approach, utilizing heat alone, is contrasted with other approaches for the extremely broad spectral bandwidth emitter.