bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Protestant Work Ethic and Attitudes Towards Work
Authors: Rusu Raluca
Published: February 2019

In this paper we will present the concept of Protestant Work Ethics as conceptualized and measured by several authors, starting with its initiator, Max Weber, in order to emphasize the importance of work ethic on attitudes towards work. We will also analyze the four dimensions of work ethic - hard work, nonleisure, independence and asceticism, identified by Blau and Ryan (1997) among military students, trying to identify how they vary according to a series of socio- demographic data of military students.
The Implications of Propaganda as a Social Influence Strategy
Authors: Rusu Maria-Lucia , Herman Ramona
Published: February 2019

In contemporary society, propaganda has a major impact due to the new technologies in the media (satellite television, the Internet) that ensure the rapid and instant transmission of information, thus expanding the audience. The concept of propaganda acts systematically in support of a doctrine, in order to persuade a large mass of individuals. It is generally associated with a negative action, considered to be reprehensible, and this is the consequence of the attempts that various totalitarian regimes have manifested abusively. Basically, propaganda is a conscious communication act with a political and revolutionary character representing a strategy of social influence. The element of difference is misinformation. Thus, this concept can be one of integration and consolidation of the society or, on the contrary, it can be a factor of agitation.
Particularities of Female Training in Military Physical Education
Authors: Stănciulescu Robert
Published: February 2019

The entire training process aims at completing the professional training of the military so that they can maintain a high level of work capacity and combat ability, even under multiple demands. The morphological and functional characteristics of the military in this category require the organization and development of a well-planned, organized and managed training system that ensures that the assessment standards are met but at the same time does not produce physical, mental or functional disturbances of the body.
Identification of Factors Causing Delays in Construction Projects in Algeria
Authors: Salhi Roumeissa , Messaoudi Karima , Boudemagh Souad Sassi
Published: February 2019

Time is an indicator of project performance, and along with cost and quality factors, it is the project roadmap, as it determines its success. In Algeria, among the problems often encountered in the construction of projects are timeouts. A questionnaire survey was conducted with experts in the field of construction, in order to know the factors causing delays in projects. The results show that the managerial factors (relating to planning, organization and management) are the most important in Algeria. Therefore, the use of Project Management is essential, given the need to promote this area in terms of processes and tools used, to allow the various project stakeholders to optimize the planning of activities and resources, to complete the project. project in a timely manner and reach the stage of project success. Recommendations were proposed and managerial solutions were suggested using the guide of PMBOK version 5.
The Relationship between Coal Consumption and Economic Growth in Indonesia
Authors:   Irwandi
Published: February 2019

Indonesia is one of the largest coal producer countries in the world. In the previous research, it is stated that coal producer countries are able to affect economic growth. The purpose of the study is to investigate the cointegration and causal relationships between coal consumption and income in Indonesia for the period of 1965- 2016 using Granger causality test based on Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) employing population as the control variable in bivariate system. The Augmented Dicky-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) tests were used to determine the variable stationarity. From Johansen’s co-integration tests, it is indicated that there is a long-run relationship between the variables. The empirical study shows that there is no causal relationship between coal consumption and economic growth in Indonesia since coal consumption in fact cannot affect economic growth in Indonesia. Export tax becomes government revenues earned from energy sectors including coal.
The Flypaper Effect Phenomenon: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Tasri Ansharullah
Published: February 2019

One of the implementations of autonomy policy is fiscal decentralization. The State gives chance to every local government for improving its fiscal ability. Original Local Government Revenue (PAD) is fiscal potency owned local government to improve local government independence to promote welfare to society. To accelerate fiscal independence of local government equally, the central government sends transfer funds in the form of General Allocation Funds (DAU) which aims to comply local government expenditure that has not fulfilled. However, problems faced is local government expenditure management still much more affected by DAU rather than PAD. It indicates that local government still depends on central government to comply expenditure called flypaper effect. This research aims to analyze the effect of PAD and DAU on local government expenditure by identifying whether occurs flypaper on provincial government in Indonesia. The method used in this research is analysis regression of panel data with Generalized Least Square (GLS). Data used is panel data from 34 provinces in Indonesia between 2008-2017. Based on results estimation, PAD and DAU positively and significantly affect local government expenditure. However, the DAU more affects local government expenditure compared with PAD. This exhibits that flypaper effect phenomenon occurred on provincial government in Indonesia which local government expenditure response more affected by DAU than PAD. It is happening due to the provincial government still relies on central government to comply its expenditure illustrated with high DAU transfers. This research concludes that decentralization policy in Indonesia is not effective yet. Thus, the government needs to adjust decentralization policy in order to improve regional fiscal independence.
Vintage Design Furniture in Albania, a New Retro Design Paradigm in the Post-Communist Era
Authors: Curraj Erida
Published: February 2019

The dynamics of the Albanian market in lieu of the multifaceted transformations following the collapse of the communist regime and moving towards the accession processes in the European Union as well as the demographics of the Albanian society as a whole, deeply impact the ways in which furniture products are designed, development and produced. This paper draws from my doctoral study which explored the transformation of furniture products from communism to post-communism. The doctoral study confirmed that: the impact of moving from mass production in a centralized economy to free mass customization in market economy has not radically transformed the fundamental properties of furniture but has affected the design, development, delivery and materiality of products. In this light, this paper will zoom into the furniture designs during post communism in Albania by exploring two principle paradigms vintage and retro. First this paper argues that furniture design and production in the centralized economy, are introduced within the vintage paradigm in post-communist. The data collecting through observation demonstrate a high level of interest for the retro design in a free market economy. As the result the paper suggest the local actors, businesses and academia to use and persist nostalgia and retro design in furniture and their component.
An Analysis of Occupational Incidents, Prioritization of Factors Causing These by Using Multi Criteria Decision Making Methods and Identification of Ways for Reducing These: Case Study in Oil and Gas Fields
Authors: Gokpinar Ece , Elmar Balas Can
Published: February 2019

The aim of the Occupational Health and Safety studies conducted in the oil and gas sector is; to protect workers and to ensure occupational safety in works performed on drilling fields. The aforementioned studies of the companies operating in this field in Turkey are inadequate and are not given due importance to. In such companies, occupational incidents become inevitable for that reason. A vast number of studies have been conducted in many other countries around the world to reduce the number of occupational incidents, and those have led to a substantial reduction in those incidents. In Turkey, it is necessary to take measures to reduce the number of occupational incidents in the oil and gas sector. In this study, occupational incidents occurred in the company investigated as a case study and the other occupational incidents occurred in similar companies and the measures taken to reduce them have been discussed in detail. This study aims to explain what occupational incidents occur in the sector, what the root causes of them are and how to reduce the occupational incidents by taking measures.
A Single Band Antenna Design for Future Millimeter Wave Wireless Communication at 38 GHz
Authors: Şeker Cihat , Tahir Güneşer Muhammet
Published: February 2019

In this proposed paper, a single band microstrip patch antenna for fifth generation (5G) wireless application was presented. 28, 38, 60 and 73 GHz frequency bands have been allocated for 5G mobile communications by International Telecommunications Union (ITU). In this paper, we proposed an antenna, which is suitable for the millimeter wave frequency. The single band antenna consists of new slot loaded on the radiating patch with the 50 ohms microstrip line feeding used. This single band antenna was simulated on a FR4 dielectric substrate have relative permittivity 4.4, loss tangent 0.02, and height 1.6 mm. The antenna was simulated by Electromagnetic simulation, computer software technology High Frequency Structural Simulator. And simulated result on return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and 3D gain was presented. The parameters of the results well coherent and proved the literature for millimeter wave 5G wireless application at 38 GHz.
Freedom of Information and Citizens’ Perception in Albania
Authors: Shehaj Ardita
Published: February 2019

Transparency and the right to information are among the most important components of good governance, strong and stable democracy, citizen’s participation and the fight against corruption. The right to information is a constitutional right that is guaranteed not only by freedom of information law but also from the Albanian constitution. This legal framework is ranked 6th in the world and guarantees not only citizens right to access public information but also obliges institutions to proactively disclose information. Beside the fact that the Albanian legal framework is a very good one, it is very important to know citizens perception regarding the necessity of this right. For this reason, a survey was conducted and the data show that citizen education and their contact with the law are not enough for the proper implementation of this law. Public awareness is needed not only to explain how to exercise the right to access information but especially to explain the importance of this law in the fight against corruption.
Applying the Viable System Model to an Organization with CSR Goals: The Case of a Charity Organization
Authors: Rodríguez Reyes Rayco , Gallego García Sergio , García García Manuel
Published: February 2019

Designing and adapting organizations to secure viability and increase performance is a challenge. Research models often fail to integrate corporate social responsibility (CSR) aspects in the concept development and its implementation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose a holistic approach how organizations can be designed, changed and managed considering its implications to service management under a CSR approach. Hereby the Viable System Model was applied. Its structure can be applied to any kind of structured organization and for its management with goals to be achieved in modern society; however focus of the research is the cluster of charity organizations. Goal of the developed model is to be able to react to all potential organizational environments by taking decisions correctly and in the right moment based on the needed information reducing service lead times and manpower allocation as well as increasing the service level. To ensure this, service management tasks were assigned and standardized communication channels were defined. In conclusion this proposed approach empowers organizations to have internal mechanisms to secure viability by pursuing the goal of a high performance CSR approach.
How Principles of Business Ethics Relates to Corporate Governance and Directors?
Authors: Şahin Ayşe
Published: February 2019

How can we define business ethics? Which principles are inherent in it? Business ethics propose several principles to be considered by companies, commercial entities, as well as other entities such as NGO’s, cooperatives, public organizations etc. First, this study will clarify the meaning and scope of business ethics and the principles included, such as integrity, fairness, trust, openness, truthfulness etc. Secondly, I will try to examine different facets of business ethics. I will approach this concept especially from a legal perspective and try to determine which aspects of this concept have been integrated into law. Business ethics has reflections especially in business law and corporate governance and is being “legalized” by the corporate codes of conduct. This study aims to clarify that business ethics are mentioned explicitly in Turkish law, in the Code of Corporate Governance concerning public companies and discuss legal impact of this regulation. As a result of this quotation in the Turkish Legislation, there could be revealed several questions. One of the questions is whether ethical standards might be a source of liability of the board and directors. In my presentation I would like to examine to what extent ethical standards interrelates with corporate governance codes and the liability of directors. Business ethics can be described as a source concept and a set of principles, that gives rise to fields such as “corporate governance”, “corporate responsibility”, “liability of directors” and “human rights in business” concerning especially working conditions of the employees. Business ethics has an intersection with all the mentioned fields. In the second part of this study, I will try to clarify the connection of business ethics with corporate governance principles in business and then conclude how business ethics has been adopted into legal system and how it shapes and affect business practices especially in Turkish law.
Pecking Order and Trade – off Capital Structure Theories in the European Countries Supported by European Stability Mechanism
Authors: Chatzinas Georgios , Markopoulou Maria , Papadopoulos Simeon
Published: February 2019

The financial assistance provided by European Stability Mechanism during the recent European crisis was accompanied with severe austerity measures and strict reforms that changed significantly the economic environment in the countries that accepted it. The present study examines whether these changes affected the capital structure of the European firms in these countries. Using accounting data for firms in Cyprus, Greece, Ireland and Portugal, the researchers created a balanced panel database and applied the Shyam-Sunders and Myers (1999) methodology to investigate whether pecking order or trade-off hypotheses can better explain the financing decision of the firms in these countries during the period before and after the outset of the ESM financial assistance. The results indicate that the firms’ capital structure decisions are explained by both theories in Greece, Cyprus and Portugal before the beginning of the EMS program, while only by trade-off in Ireland. On the other hand, after the beginning of the ESM program the firms’ capital structures are better explained by trade-off hypothesis in Greece and Cyprus, while nothing changed in cases of Ireland and Portugal. The fact that Greek and Cypriot tax rates increased the most among the four examined countries may explain at least partially the above differentiations. So, the economic environment is a primary factor that affects the explanatory power of each capital structure theory. Moreover, a change in economic environment may lead to a change in the dominant capital structure theory.
The Role of Competitive Cities as a Response to Regional Challenges in Latin America
Authors: Gocłowska-Bolek Joanna
Published: February 2019

In the article, a phenomenon of urbanization of Latin America was analysed in terms of its impact on the level of competitiveness of the cities. A role that cities play in Latin America’s economy was emphasized. The author has examined a number of reliable reports on competitiveness of the cities and on this basis formulated its assessment of the level of competitiveness on a global basis, including identifying strengths and weaknesses of the cities, key areas for strong economic development and proposes recommendations. Based on the analysis of available data and source reports, the main trends in urbanization have been identified that may affect the dynamics of the Latin American city's competitiveness.
Comparative Review of Socio Economic Levels in Balkan Countries
Authors: Boyacıoğlu Ebru Z. , Atakan Müge
Published: February 2019

The paper analyses the state of Balkan Countries' socio economic levels and their structures based on development indicators. The main objective of the research is to identify the main differences between the Balkan countries’ and relate them to the differences existing in the overall. The socio-economic performance of Balkan Countries have been discussed elaborately making a comparison between them. The general aim of research is to determine whether differences in socio-economic levels in Balkan countries between 2000 and 2017. This region is a developing countries’ geography . Also a comprehensive research encompassing of Balkan Countries is still lacking. It is important to determine the socio-economic status of this region in which political developments and changes have been bring out in the recent decades.The research included in current study is based on secondary data analysis. Indıcators from economy, population, health, environment gender, tourism, etc. were determined in the base of social and economic status. Research data were obtained from DataBank of World Bank. As a result of this research, although they are in same region and have similar conditions, main differences on socio-economic situations were found. Reducing socioeconomic inequalities depends upon speeding up structural reforms in Balkan Countries. The results obtained from this research can be used as a source for planning the structural reforms (if needed).
Risk Assessment of the Adverse Events in Air Transportation
Authors: Maklakovs Juris , Tereščenko Jevgēnijs , Šestakovs Vladimirs
Published: February 2019

In the field of security in transport distinguish risks related to flight safety and aviation security. Safety of flights is ensured through the reliability of aviation equipment and the qualification of the personnel who services and operates it, aviation security is a condition of protection from illegal interference in its activity. Risk management in civil aviation in the field of security is a relatively new direction of activity. Deep research in this area began only at the beginning of the XXI century. It is quite difficult to use the existing experience of risk management, accumulated in other spheres, as civil aviation has significant features. Various methods and schemes can be used to assess risks. The article discusses various options for predicting risks using the “event tree” and “risk factor tree” methods.
Pharmacists’ Opinions on the Implementation of HIV and HepC Point-of-Care-Testing in a U.S. Pharmacy Chain
Authors: So Elizabeth , Brands Monica , Suomala Erin , Ogden Bridget , Riss Jennifer , Cernasev Alina , Schommer Jon
Published: February 2019

Background: The role of community pharmacists continues to expand with immunizations, medication therapy management, and point-of-care testing (POCT). Current guidelines recommend that Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) testing become integrated into routine care. Current guidelines recommend all people aged 13-64 be tested for HIV at least once in their lifetime, with those at higher risk for HIV tested at least annually.1 Regarding HCV, current guidelines recommend a one-time HCV test in persons born from 1945 to 1965, as well as other individuals based on exposures, behaviors, and conditions or circumstances that increase HCV infection risk.2 Currently available HIV and HCV treatment regimens are safe and highly effective. With HCV, successful treatment can halt disease progression to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma.3 POCT in community pharmacy offers an ideal location due to its accessibility, convenience, and lower cost to patients who might not otherwise be tested. However, HIV and HCV screenings are not routinely conducted by community pharmacists due to many barriers. Though many barriers to HIV and HCV POCT have been identified at the patient, provider, and institutional level, little is known about pharmacist-perceived barriers. It is worth noting that the barrier of state legislation limiting POCT in pharmacies has been resolved – currently 49 states have some form of statute that allows for delegation of prescriptive authority between a prescriber and community pharmacist.4 Though this removed barrier means increased availability of POCT, as the studies above have demonstrated, the mere availability of POCT is not enough for its implementation.

Objective: The main objective of this study is to identify pharmacist-perceived barriers and their level of confidence in performing community pharmacy-based POCT for HIV and HCV.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was sent to all pharmacists working in a regional grocery store chain to evaluate their opinions and attitudes toward the implementation of POCT for HIV and HCV. The electronic survey questions consisted of Likert scale, select-all-that-apply, yes/no and no open-ended questions.

Results: The perceived barriers to implementation of HIV and HCV POCT in a community setting identified by pharmacists include staffing, time to conduct test, patient out-of-pocket cost, and discussion of positive results. Pharmacists’ perceived level of confidence was greatest with providing basic education and incorporating HIV and HCV POCT into workflow; whereas discussion of a positive result was perceived as less confident. 

Conclusions: While this survey determined pharmacist support for the implementation of HIV and HCV POCT, additional studies are needed before effective implementation of HIV and HCV POCT in a community pharmacy chain.

 

Article Type: Original Research
Medication Risk Management
Authors: Mohiuddin AK
Published: February 2019

Historically, the FDA has interpreted the requirement that a drug must be “safe” to mean that the benefits of a drug outweigh its risks. The determination was made on a “categorical” basis, where the totality of risks was weighted against the totality of benefits when considered for the purposes outlined in the drug product’s labeling. If a drug did not meet this criterion, it was not approved or its label was rewritten to narrow the conditions for use. This logic was endemic in the FDA for most of the 20th century. On average, two to four drugs over each 5-year period were withdrawn from the marketplace after post-marketing surveillance data uncovered new risks. Similarly, on occasion, the FDA would require some special “tool” or intervention to improve a product’s safety profile. Harm associated with medication remains the second most common type of incident in hospitals, as reported by the Clinical Excellence Commission. Health services actively review medication safety. The vast majority of medication errors result in no injury.  A minor injury may result, for example, in a patient needing an increased level of monitoring.  Even if incidents result in minor injury, managers and staff still take any errors very seriously, reviewing the actions around the incident and making improvements as a result. FDA’s new concepts for risk management amount to a “cultural shift” in the logic of drug approval and the FDA’s role. The key events that led to this change can be traced to a series of reports that highlighted the need for improved medical safety. In 1999, the IOM released a report entitled, “To Err is Human.” This report reviewed the nature and cause of medication errors, estimating that up to 98,000 people died each year due to these errors. In their assessment, the IOM included both adverse drug reactions and human errors in drug administration. The report captured the attention of news reporters and the government. Headlines proclaimed alarm at the larger number of fatalities caused by medical errors. Consequently, there was a government-wide initiative started to develop methods and institute procedures to reduce medical errors. Statements made by FDA officials regarding some of these withdrawals suggested that the FDA no longer believed that passive oversight and re-labeling drugs with new warnings was sufficient. Furthermore, the FDA no longer believed that it was sufficient to identify safe conditions of use in the label and that healthcare professionals and patients had to comply with advocated directions of use for the drug to remain on the market.

 

Article Type: Commentary
Proceedings from the 8th Annual University of Calgary Leaders in Medicine Research Symposium
Authors: Logan Lindsey M , Jensen Samuel K , Singh Noreen , Peplowski Michael A , Rabi Doreen , Yipp Bryan G , Hollenberg Morley D , Beck Paul L
Published: February 2019

On November 14, 2016, the Leaders in Medicine (LIM) program at the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary hosted its 8th Annual Research Symposium. Professor Stephen Sawcer, Professor of Neurological Genetics at the University of Cambridge and an Honorary Consultant Neurologist at Addenbrooke's Hospital, was the keynote speaker and presented a lecture entitled, “Multiple sclerosis genetics - prospects and pitfalls”. This was not only a cutting edge address on genetics but also a thoughtful overview on Dr. Sawcer’s career and career choices. We were extremely grateful for the opportunity to have Dr. Sawcer participate in our annual symposium.
The Women and Children’s Infectious Diseases Center: An integrated approach to congenital infectious diseases
Authors: Kakkar F , Boucoiran I
Published: February 2019

Congenital infectious diseases, transmitted during the course of pregnancy, are estimated to affect nearly one in every hundred births worldwide. These infections may be associated with fetal and infant adverse health outcomes, due to congenital malformations caused by in utero transmission of the infectious organism itself (as is the case with cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, syphilis and Zika virus), or due to chronic infection in the infant (as is the case with human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] and hepatitis B and C). In addition, children who are exposed, yet uninfected, may still suffer from the consequences of exposure to infectious pathogens or to the drugs given to treat pregnant women and prevent in utero transmission (as may be the case with HIV infection).
Synthesis and Characterization of (1, 4)-4-benzylidene-1-(1- phenylethylidene) thiosemicarbazide and their Antifungal Activities
Authors: L Ilavarasan  , A Ravi  , M Ganapathi  , R Sapthagiri  , K Mohanraj  , J Vinayagam  , Tamiloli Devendhiran
Published: February 2019

The Present research work is aimed to synthesize a serious of various substituted Schiff bases compounds of 1-(1-phenylethylidene)thiosemicarbazide form (1,4)-4-benzylidene-1-(1-phenylethylidene)Thiosemicarbazide condenses with Four different substituted aryl aldehydes under Microwave irradiation and conventional method. The structure for compounds has been determined by UV, FTIR, 1H-NMR and Mass s spectroscopy. All the compounds are evaluated for its anti-fungal activity.
Design and Fabrication of Treadmill Bicycle
Authors: K Ganesan  , R Sampath Kumar  , K Sanjay Kumar  , M Selva Kumar  , M Sridhar
Published: February 2019

In the present living environment, transportation plays an important role, which includes movement of small things to very large equipment. Now a day, green transportation in becoming a significant part considering this situation, transportation using bicycle seems to be cheaper and greener. Also, transportation with physical exercise would be more useful for the end users. It enables the user to the transportation along with moderate physical exercise. In this project, an attempt has been made to design and fabricate the treadmill bicycle. Design calculations and CAD modelling have been carried out Based on this, the physical working model will be fabricated, the conclusion are presented finally.
Performance and Emission Analysis of Diesel Engine Using Karanja Oil Biodiesel Blend with Diethyl Ether
Authors: M.K. Murthi  , M. Ragunath  , A. Vellingiri
Published: February 2019

In 21 st century energy demand was increased by reason of development of industries, population, amount of vehicles. But availability of fuel is not satisfied. In other routes to solve the energy demand and control the pollution under using of alternative fuels. The usage of fossil fuel is causes to more pollution and change environmental conditions. The use of biodiesel is one of the major solution for this kind of problems. Our project work is used Karanja biodiesel for potentiate the diesel. The Karanja oil is readily available in India and it has more potential to use as alternative fuel in diesel engine without modification. Experimental is going conduct to study the performance and emissions characteristics of biodiesel, additive used biodiesel and compared with diesel. Similarly, the properties like calorific value, flash point, viscosity and fire point also going to study
Isolation and characterization of mitochondria and lysosome from isoproterenol induced cardiotoxic rats
Authors: Malathi Mangalanathan  , Tamiloli Devendhiran  , Saraswathi Uthamaramasamy  , Keerthika Kumarasamy  , K Mohanraj  , Kannagi Devendhiran  , Saroj Adhikari  , Mei Ching Lin
Published: February 2019

Mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes are prominent membranes of cardiac cells and are the factors that determine membrane function in myocardial ischemia. In this study, isolation of mitochondria and lysosome from heart tissue under the control, isoproterenol (ISO) (8.5mg/100g) induced cardiotoxic rats and oral pretreatment with Z. armatum fruit (200, 400mg/kg body weight) treated rats. Further characterization of marker enzymes was done. A decreased in the activity of all the mitochondrial and lysosomal marker enzymes in ISO administered cardiotoxic rats when compared to control rats which indicate ISO decreased the stability of the membrane. Pretreatment with hydroethanolic extract of Z. armatum fruit to ISO induced rats significantly reverted these biochemical alterations near to normal. The possible mechanism for the protection of heart mitochondria and lysosome against oxidative damage induced by ISO might be due to quenching of free radicals and enhancing the action of marker enzymes.
Relationship between social skills and alcohol consumption
Authors: Estevez Ailen Galano , Roche Justo R. Fabelo , Saborit Aymara Reyes , Espinosa Ana Hortensia Rodriguez , Rodriguez Dilka Leyva
Published: February 2019

It was considered necessary to conduct a literature review with the following objective: Determine the relationship between social skills and alcohol consumption. As a result of the theoretical review carried out, it was possible to identify that numerous authors emphasize that social skills are important protective factors against alcohol consumption. On the other hand, the deficit in social skills is associated with the appearance of substance use. In addition, there are studies that point to the social incompetence of adolescents and young people as a risk factor for alcohol abuse. In this regard, several researchers have emphasized that training in social skills should be part of behavioral treatments for individuals with alcohol problems and also have to integrate preventive programs. In conclusion, the research carried out has made it possible to deduce that the strengthening of social skills can contribute to improving the resistance to pressure from the consumption of alcohol and other drugs, and therefore to the prevention of this scourge. It is concluded, therefore, that social skills training could be an option, not only for the treatment of people with alcoholism or other addiction problem but also as a prevention factor.
WHY IT IS TOO DIFFICULT TO DOWN ASSAD?: THE MURPHY LAWS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Authors: GÜZELİPEK Yiğit Anıl
Published: February 2019

In the modern history, Arab Spring was one of the most important
merciless challenge to military dictatorships all around the Middle East. All
the dictators lost their rotten thrones sooner or later except Bashar el-Assad.
There are many political or strategic explanations regarding how Assad still
partly protects his power and still represents Syria in the position of
presidency. On the other hand, sometimes “perfectly” designed international
politics fall behind while interpreting the “destined” side of international
relations. In other words, sometimes “expect the unexpected” which is the
famous formula of Murphy Laws determine the critical developments in international
relations. This paper aims to investigate the Assad’s survival based on the
Murphy Laws which is considered as one of the natural extension of post-positivist
theory in international relations. In order to support the arguments of this
paper, other historical developments are also adapted to the study.
Asset Mapping as a Tool for Identifying Resources in Community Health: A Methodological Overview
Authors: Turin Tanvir C , Shahid Maaz , Vaska Marcua
Published: February 2019

Background:

By focusing on a community’s strengths instead of its’ weaknesses, the process of asset mapping provides researchers a new way to assess community health. This process is also a useful tool for assessing health-related needs, disparities, and inequities within the communities. This paper aims to serve as a basic and surface level guide to understanding and planning for creating an asset map.

Methods:

A step-by-step guideline is provided in this paper as an introduction to those interested in creating an asset map using organizational outlines and previous application in research projects.

Results:

To help readers better grasp asset maps, a few examples are first provided that show the application of asset maps in health research, community engagement, and community partnerships. This is followed by elaboration of the six steps involved in the creation of an asset map.

Conclusion:

This paper introduces researchers to the steps required to create an asset map, with examples from published literature. The intended audience includes students and researchers new to the creation of asset maps.
Demographic and Socioeconomic Homogeneity among Districts and District Towns in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Belal , Hossain Mohammad Sorowar
Published: February 2019

Exploring the homogeneity (or heterogeneity) at sub-national level is crucial as it associated with design, budget allocation and implementation of a research project. Since demographic and socioeconomic factors depict the first valuable insight of a community, it is imperative to explore the homogeneity within a country by considering these variables. Yet, the information on this aspect is scarce in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the district and district town specific homogeneity in Bangladesh. The data for this study were extracted from the most recent Housing and Population Census of the country, and the multivariate cluster analysis was employed to identify the natural groups or segments. We found that Bangladesh could be classified into three distinct clusters both at district and district town levels based on demographic and socioeconomic factors. The findings of this study would provide insights to the policymakers and researchers for designing and implementing community-based research initiatives, particularly in the area of public health and social science as well as market analysis research. The findings could also be helpful in the situation when the national representation of data is required with budget and time constraints.
Hubungan Mind Map dan Motivasi Belajar dalam Pembentukan Karakter Siswa SMP di Kabupaten OKU Timur
Authors: Marwati Eka , Andriani Dwi , Kuspiyah Hastuti Retno
Published: February 2019

Implementasi metode Mind Map dalam hubungannya dengan motivasi belajar siswa terhadap pembentukan karakter berlangsung dengan menyenangkan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Mind Map dan motivasi belajar siswa dalam pembentukan karakter siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif melalui pendekatan korelasi dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data menggunakan SPSS 20, bahwa hasil nilai kemampuan menulis siswa dominan berada pada kategori baik. Hasil nilai motivasi belajar siswa ada 26 siswa dengan kategori tinggi (32,92%), 52 siswa dengan kategori sedang (65,82%), dan 1 siswa memiliki kategori rendah (1,27%). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara Mind Map (hasil kemampuan menulis siswa) dan motivasi belajar terhadap pembentukan karakter siswa yang dapat menumbuhkan karakter positif, yaitu: memiliki perilaku mencerminkan sikap beriman, berakhlak mulia, berilmu jujur, disiplin,bertanggung jawab, percaya diri, peduli, dan rasa ingin tahu.
Keanekaragaman Aves di Kawasan Cagar Alam Pananjung Pangandaran
Authors: Kurniawan Iwan Setia , Tapilouw Fransisca Sudargo , Hidayat Topik , Setiawan Wawan
Published: February 2019

Aves memiliki potensi yang menarik untuk diamati dengan berbagai jenisnya. Penurunan populasi aves banyak disebabkan karena perburuan liar untuk keperluan komersil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi aves di kawasan Cagar Alam Pananjung kabupaten Pangandaran. Metode yang digunakan deskriptif dengan desain penelitian menggunakan desain point count pada 10 stasiun (titik pengamatan). Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat 43 jenis aves yang berhasil diamati pada seluruh stasiun dari 26 famili. Terdapat beberapa jenis aves yang termasuk dalam kategori terancam punah dan rentan. Hasil analisis setiap stasiun dapat disimpulkan bahwa beberapa jenis aves banyak ditemukan dikawasan hutan dengan vegetasi pohon-pohon tinggi hal ini dikarenakan mereka lebih aman untuk berkembang biak dan bertahan hidup daripada didekat pemukiman atau kawasan wisata. Perlu adanya tindak lanjut dari pemerintah setempat untuk upaya konservasi yang lebih serius dimasa yang akan datang agar supaya dapat mencegah penurunan populasi yang signifikan.
Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Mobile Instant Messaging Terhadap Self-Efficacy dan Kemampuan Kognitif Siswa pada Materi Hukum Newton
Authors: Kurniati Rika Dwi , Suana Wayan , Maharta Nengah
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemanfaatan mobile instant messaging (MIM) WhatsApp terhadap self efficacy dan kemampuan kognitif siswa pada materi Hukum Newton. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah non-equivalent control group design. Penelitian ini menggunakan subyek siswa SMAN 9 Bandar Lampung kelas XI MIPA 1 sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas XI MIPA 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen yang berjumlah masing-masing 30 siswa pada Semester Ganjil Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah independent sample t-test untuk uji parametrik dan Mann-Withney U-test untuk uji non parametrik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diperoleh bahwa rata-rata post-test self efficacy pada kelas eksperimen 80,1 sedangkan pada kelas kontrol 67,06. Rata-rata postest kemampuan kognitif siswa pada kelas eksperimen 81,33 dan pada kelas kontrol 73,66. Perbedaan kedua kelas baik pada self efficacy dan kemampuan kognitif sangat  signifikan dimana nilai kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan nilai kelas kontrol. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa self efficacy dan kemampuan kognitif siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran berbantuan MIM WhatsApp lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kelas yang tidak menggunakan WhatsApp.
Implementasi Forward Chaining untuk Identifikasi Dini Penyakit Akibat Ketergantungan Narkoba Jenis Ganja
Authors: Yunita Ayu Mira , W Andrianto H , . Susilawati
Published: February 2019

Abstrak - Narkotika adalah singkatan dari narkotika, psikotropika, dan bahan adiktif lainnya. Zat aktif dalam obat dapat bereaksi negatif terhadap tubuh. Efek terburuk akibat kandungan kimia obat adalah perubahan psikologis dan kematian. Salah satu jenis narkotika yang sangat berbahaya adalah ganja, ganja berasal dari tanaman canabis sativa yang berwarna hijau jika masih segar dan menjadi kecoklatan saat dikeringkan. Pengaruh ganja pada pengguna adalah membuat tubuh pemakai rileks, merasa nyaman, kegembiraan yang berlebihan (euporia), mengalami sensasi keliru dalam penciuman dan penglihatan pendengaran yang disebut halusinasi. Tidak hanya menimbulkan kecanduan, akibat penyalahgunaan narkoba ganja ternyata berdampak pada identifikasi berbagai penyakit terhadap narkoba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi penyakit awal yang disebabkan oleh penyalahgunaan narkoba jenis ganja. Proses inferensi untuk mengidentifikasi jenis penyakit menggunakan pendekatan berbasis aturan dengan teknik perangkaian ke depan untuk menentukan hipotesis (jenis penyakit) karena kecanduan penyalahgunaan narkoba.
Gaps in nursing care for people with urinary incontinence
Authors: Oliveira Sarah , Oliveira Thiago , Dázio Eliza , Sanches Roberta , Dias Jenika , Fava Silvana
Published: February 2019

Objective: To survey in the literature the role of the nurse in the care of people with urinary incontinence (UI). Methods: Integrative literature review from the publications within the period of 2013 in the databases: BDENF, LILACS, Web of Science, PubMed and SciELO, in the Portuguese, English and Spanish languages. The sample consisted of 11 publications, most of them in English. Results: The data were categorized into three dimensions of care: educational (three articles), care (eight articles) and management (an article, which was also categorized as care). Educational: although nurses presented superﬁcial and incomplete knowledge about incontinence, playful strategies were used for teaching. Assistance: the use of superabsorbent diapers and pads, 3% dimethicone impregnated wipes, spray for the formation of polymer ﬁlm for incontinence-associated dermatitis, pelvic musculature, urethral massage, bladder training, and eating habits modiﬁcation were recommended. Gerencial: the quality of nursing care for the elderly with UI was evaluated through protocols, standards and Standard Operational Procedures (SOPs). Conclusion: There is a shortage of studies on the subject and it was evidenced that the nurse assumes an assistance role in urinary incontinence, although its knowledge is incipient.
As lacunas do cuidado de enfermagem às pessoas com incontinência urinária
Authors: Oliveira Sarah , Oliveira Thiago , Dázio Eliza , Sanches Roberta , Dias Jenika , Fava Silvana
Published: February 2019

Objetivos: Levantar na literatura o papel do enfermeiro no cuidado às pessoas com incontinência urinária (IU). Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura a partir das publicações no período de 2013 nas bases e bancos de dados: BDENF, LILACS, Web of Science, PubMed e SciELO, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. A amostra foi composta por 11 publicações, sendo a maioria em inglês. Resultados: Os dados foram categorizados nas três dimensões do cuidado: educacional (três artigos), assistencial (oito artigos) e gerencial (um artigo, o qual também foi categorizado como assistencial). Educacional: embora os enfermeiros tenham apresentado conhecimento superﬁcial e incompleto sobre a incontinência, foram utilizadas estratégias lúdicas para o ensino. Assistencial: foram recomendados o uso de fraldas e almofadas superabsorventes, lenços umedecidos e impregnados com dimeticona a 3%, spray para formação de película de polímero para dermatite associada à incontinência, exercício da musculatura pélvica, massagem uretral, treinamento da bexiga e modiﬁcação dos hábitos alimentares. Gerencial: avaliou-se a qualidade do atendimento de enfermagem aos idosos com IU por meio de protocolos, normas e Procedimentos Operacionais Padrão (POPs). Conclusão: Há escassez de estudos na temática e evidenciou-se que o enfermeiro assume papel assistencial na incontinência urinária, embora seu conhecimento seja incipiente.
Translation of the Convexity Assessment Guide into the Portuguese language
Authors: Rafaldini Bruna , Poletti Nádia , Ruiz Paula , Squizatto Regina , Lopes Andressa , Oliveira1 Niara
Published: February 2019

Objectives: Translate the Convexity Assessment Guide into the Portuguese language and perform its semantic, linguistic, conceptual and cultural validation. Methods: Translation study, qualitative descriptive, following the recommended phases: translation, back translation, comparison of original and translated versions back to Portuguese, validation by national experts committee. Results: It was obtained 400 evaluations – 49 annulled and 351 valid – which represents the total used for the agreement analysis of the items. After the analysis, there were six discordant items, reviewed according to the experts’ suggestions, obtaining, then, a greater agreement of 90% in all items evaluated. Conclusion: There was a high level of agreement among the evaluator’s committee, ensuring the continuity of the study with the cross-cultural validation of the Convexity Guide for the Brazilian reality. This research promoted the translation of an instrument that assists in the clinical indication of collector devices for stomas. The validation of the translation into the Portuguese language was obtained, being this the ﬁrst phase of the process of cross-cultural validation.
Tradução do Convexity Assessment Guide para a língua portuguesa
Authors: Rafaldini Bruna , Poletti Nádia , Ruiz Paula , Squizatto Regina , Lopes Andressa , Oliveira1 Niara
Published: February 2019

Objetivos: Traduzir o guia Convexity Assessment Guide para a língua portuguesa e realizar sua validação semântica, linguística, conceitual e cultural. Métodos: Estudo de tradução, descritivo qualitativo, seguindo as fases preconizadas: tradução, tradução de volta à língua de origem, comparação das versões originais e da traduzida de volta ao português, validação por comitê nacional de especialistas. Resultados: Foram obtidas 400 avaliações – 49 anuladas e 351 válidas – o que representa o total utilizado para a análise de concordância dos itens. Após a análise, veriﬁcaram-se seis itens discordantes, revistos de acordo com as sugestões dos especialistas, obtendo-se, então, concordância maior de 90% em todos os itens avaliados. Conclusão: Veriﬁcou-se alto nível de concordância do comitê de avaliadores, garantindo a continuidade do estudo com a validação transcultural do Guia de Convexidade para a realidade brasileira. Esta pesquisa promoveu a tradução de instrumento que auxilia na indicação clínica de dispositivos coletores para estomias. Obteve-se a validação da tradução para a língua portuguesa, sendo essa a primeira fase do processo de validação transcultural.