bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photodynamic Therapeutic Effect during 5‐Aminolevulinic Acid‐Mediated Photodynamic Diagnosis‐Assisted Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumors
Authors: Nishimura Nobutaka , Miyake Makito , Onishi Sayuri , Fujii Tomomi , Miyamoto Tatsuki , Tomizawa Mitsuru , Shimizu Takuto , Morizawa Yosuke , Hori Shunta , Gotoh Daisuke , Nakai Yasushi , Torimoto Kazumasa , Tanaka Nobumichi , Fujimoto Kiyohide
Published: July 2024

Background. Photodynamic diagnosis‐assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumors (PDD‐TURBT) enhances detection of elusive lesions compared to standard white light‐transurethral resection of bladder tumors (WL‐TURBT). If minimal light exposure during PDD‐TURBT induces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), potentially resulting in phototoxicity in small lesions, apoptosis may be triggered in residual small tumors, allowing them to escape resection. We investigated the hypothesis of a potential photodynamic therapeutic effect during PDD‐TURBT. Methods and Materials. Our study, conducted between January 2016 and December 2020 at Nara Medical University Hospital, focused on a specific emphasis on ROS production. Immunohistochemical analysis for thymidine glycol and Nε‐hexanoyl‐lysine was performed on 69 patients who underwent 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐mediated PDD‐TURBT and 28 patients who underwent WL‐TURBT. Additionally, we incrementally applied the minimal irradiation energy to T24 and UM‐UC‐3 cells treated with 5‐aminolevulinic acid using instruments similar to those used in PDD‐TURBT and evaluated intracellular ROS production and phototoxicity. Results. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in production of thymidine glycol and Nε‐hexanoyl‐lysine within the PDD‐TURBT group. In T24 and UM‐UC‐3 cells treated with 5‐aminolevulinic acid and light exposure, immunofluorescent staining demonstrated a dose‐dependent increase in intracellular ROS production. In addition, higher irradiation energy levels were associated with a greater increase in ROS production and phototoxicity, as well as more significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Conclusion. Although the irradiation energy used in PDD‐TURBT did not reach the levels commonly used in photodynamic therapy, our findings support the presence of a potential cytotoxic effect on bladder lesions during PDD‐TURBT.
Explicit Formulas for the Complexity of Networks Produced by New Duplicating Corona and Cartesian Product
Authors: Zeen El Deen Mohamed R. , Aboamer Walaa A. , El-Sherbiny Hamed M.
Published: July 2024

One important algebraic invariant in networks is complexity. This invariant ensures the accuracy and dependability of the network. In this paper, we employ a combinatorial approach to determine the graph’s complexity. A fundamental set of building blocks (basic graphs) will serve as the foundation for all the graphs we investigate, after which we will analyze the individual blocks and the ways in which they are connected. We compute the spectrum and complexity of a number of fundamental graphs and then we employ the novel duplication corona and Cartesian product operations to construct advanced networks from these graphs. Specifically, straightforward formulas are derived for the complexity of the networks created by the new duplicating corona of the regular graphs (prism, diagonal prism, cycle, complete graph, shadow of the cycle, and Petersen graph) with some families of graphs. Furthermore, using Cartesian product operation, evident and specific formulas for the complexity of the prism of the grid graph , the prism of the stacked book graph , the diagonal plane prism grid graph, and the prism of the cylindrical graph are derived.
Plasma/Serum Oxidant Parameters in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Sam Napoleon Bellua , Tabiri Stephen , Amofa Ebenezer
Published: July 2024

Most published results have revealed variations in the association of serum/plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (OxLDL) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study was performed to establish MDA, ApoB, and OxLDL levels in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Electronic databases were searched for the included articles up to 27th February 2023. The meta‐analysis included 48 articles with 2358 SLE patients and 2126 healthy controls considered for MDA, ApoB, and OxLDL levels. There were significantly higher MDA, ApoB, and OxLDL levels in SLE patients than those in the control groups. Subgroup analysis indicated that European/American SLE patients and patients of both ages <36 and ≥36 exhibited higher MDA, ApoB, and OxLDL levels. Arab and Asian SLE patients had higher ApoB and MDA/OxLDL levels. African SLE patients recorded higher OxLDL levels than the control groups. SLE patients with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥23 and a disease duration of <10 recorded significantly higher MDA, ApoB, and OxLDL levels. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) ≥8 of SLE had higher MDA and ApoB levels, whereas SLE patients with SLEDAI <8 showed significantly higher ApoB levels. Patients with BMI <23 of SLE had higher MDA and OxLDL levels. This study established significantly higher MDA, ApoB, and OxLDL levels in SLE patients, suggesting a possible role of MDA, ApoB, and OxLDL in the disease.
Small Bowel Obstruction Following Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Repair—Incidence and Risk Factors
Authors: Schmoke Nicholas , Cali Francesca , Wilken Terri , Midura Devin , Nemeh Christopher , Fan Weijia , Khlevner Julie , Duron Vincent
Published: July 2024

Background

Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a known complication following congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) repair, resulting in significant morbidity and potential mortality. Our study aims to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for SBO following CDH repair.

Methods

A single-institution retrospective review evaluated all CDH births between January 2010 and September 2022 (n = 120). Risk factors for SBO were analyzed, including operative approach, type of repair, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and additional abdominal surgeries (gastrostomy tube and fundoplication).

Results

120 patients were included. 16 (13%) patients developed an SBO, of which 94% were due to adhesive bands. The median time to SBO was 7.5 months. 15/16 (94%) patients required operative intervention. Need for ECMO ( P < 0.01), prior gastrostomy tube ( P < 0.01), and prior fundoplication ( P < 0.01) were associated with an increased risk of SBO, as were longer time to initial CDH repair (6 days vs 3 days; P < 0.01) and longer length of initial hospitalization (63 days vs 29 days; P = 0.01).

Discussion

Neonates with increased acuity of illness (ie, those requiring ECMO, additional abdominal operations, longer time to repair, and longer initial hospitalizations) appear to have an increased risk of developing adhesive SBO after CDH repair. More than 90% of patients who developed SBO required surgery.
The level of predictability of past reading attainment and self-perception and behavioural measures on children’s reading achievement
Authors: Hay Ian , Stevenson Yvonne M.
Published: July 2024

This longitudinal study used regression path models to predict the influence on students’ reading comprehension ability of three self-perception variables (reading self-concept; reading/English effort; academic self-handicapping); three teacher rating behaviour variables (attentive behaviour; sociable behaviour; and settled behaviour) and past reading comprehension. As part of the study, a 12-item reading/English effort scale was developed, and its psychometrics characteristics reported ( N = 254) The participants were Australian primary school students, followed from Years 3 and 4 to Years 5 and 6 ( n = 127). The first path model identified that attending behaviours, low levels of self-handicapping, and reading self-concept were the main predictors of reading achievement. Reading achievement was reassessed two years on, with this path model including past reading attainment. In this model past reading achievement and self-handicapping predicted reading achievement. This research reiterates: the relevance of social-emotional and cognitive variables in education; the need to teach reading across the school years; and the need to enhance students’ sense of control and certainty over their learning.
Clientelism, Party Organization and Intra-party Democracy
Authors: Chiru Mihail
Published: July 2024

While scholars of clientelism have long recognized that party organization characteristics influence the capacity of parties to pursue clientelism, the consequences of clientelism for party organization remain underexplored. This article examines how clientelism influences one salient aspect of party organization in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), internal democracy, arguing that in parties pursuing clientelism, selection processes are less competitive, and leader domination over party bodies is necessary, as is limiting the influence of rank-and-file members on organizational and policy issues. Longitudinal analyses corroborate the hypothesized negative relationship for a sample of CEE parties and for a larger sample of parties outside the region. While single-shot and relational clientelism are both negatively associated with intra-party democracy, the latter has a stronger impact. The statistical analyses are complemented by a qualitative account of how clientelism and weak intra-party democracy fit in with the CEE parties’ origin, ideological orientation, and broader organisational strategies.
The relationship between peripheral immune cell markers and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Karahan Aykut , Manzak Saka Işılay , Sağlam Aykut Demet , Civil Arslan Filiz , Selçuk Özmen Ezgi , Özkorumak Karagüzel Evrim
Published: July 2024

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between peripheral immune cell markers and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

Methods

Thirty-five patients diagnosed with schizophrenia with a stable course and a control group of 35 individuals matched in terms of sex, education, and age were included in this cross-sectional study. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and the Stroop Test were used for neuropsychological evaluation. Blood neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) values were calculated.

Results

The female patients exhibited significantly higher NLR and neutrophil percentages than the female controls and higher NLR, neutrophil percentage, and SII than the male patients. The increased neutrophil percentages and NLR and decreased lymphocyte percentages in the female patients were significantly correlated with worsening Stroop interference and RAVLT 1 scores. Additionally, a longer duration of illness was significantly correlated with elevated NLR, SII, and neutrophil percentage and a decreased lymphocyte percentage. A higher number of previous hospitalizations was correlated with elevated SII and decreased lymphocyte percentages. Regression analysis showed a significant association between neutrophil percentages and Stroop interference scores used to evaluate attentional functions in patients with schizophrenia.

Conclusions

These study results suggest that gender and the course of the illness may affect NLR and SII values. An elevated neutrophil percentage may be one of the factors affecting attentional dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. Prospective studies are now needed to verify these findings.
Psychometric Properties of a Wellness Behavior Rating Scale for Young Adolescents
Authors: Mirabelli Karlie M. , Schultz Brandon K. , Schoemann Alexander M. , Bell Sequoyah R. , Lazorick Suzanne
Published: July 2024

We examined the psychometric properties of the Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Technology (PANT) survey, developed by researchers to track weight management behaviors among youth. Data from 2,039 middle school students ( M age = 12.4, SD = .5; 51.4% girls) were analyzed to explore and then confirm the factor structure of the PANT survey. We also examined the bivariate associations between the PANT survey, body mass index (BMI), and the Progressive Aerobic Cardiorespiratory Endurance Run (PACER). Results suggest that the PANT survey is comprised of two factors— Physical Activity and Healthy Choices—each with adequate internal consistency ( α = .79 and 0.86, respectively). The Physical Activity subscale appears to be significantly associated with both z-BMI ( r = −0.10, p < .001) and the PACER ( r = 0.33, p < .001) in the anticipated directions, but the criterion validity of the Healthy Choices subscale is less clear. We discuss these findings and explore future directions for developing meaningful self-report wellness behavior scales for youth.
The use of bigdata in the management of library resources: Nigeria university experiences
Authors: Akanbi M. L. , Sulaiman Kabir Alabi , Omolola Maliq Hammed , Nallah Bilqees Jumia
Published: July 2024

Services of libraries have to be accessible to all members of the community; this requires well situated library infrastructure, facilities and information resources as well as relevant technologies. Therefore, this study explored the use of big data in the management of library resources in university libraries. Four objectives were proposed for the study to describe the use of bigdata in managing resources of university library. In addition, ethical concern related to the use of bigdata was also identified in the paper. Descriptive literature review was used as methodology. The study conclude that Bigdata as a tool in university libraries is an important mechanism that is meant to protect library information resources for use. The nature of the library resources call for more protection especially resources are ICT in nature. However, the important of Bigdata in any organization including library become an imperative to resources management. The nature of services delivery in this present age in university library calls for the use of Bigdata so that right information resources can be provided to right people at tight time and place. Based on the concluding part, the study recommends that awareness should be provided by university libraries and management on the opportunities of Bigdata to library clienteles and training, conference and workshop should be orgnise by library and university management in order to equip library personnel with the needed skills and knowledge on better use of Bigdata in service provision.
American Late-Night Shows in Times of Crisis: Addressing Tragedy
Authors: Gehrke Charlotte
Published: July 2024

From 9/11 to the Boston Marathon, from Charlottesville to the Capitol Riots, from Sandy Hook to Parkland, from Eric Garner to George Floyd, from Hurricane Katrina to widespread wildfires. In the span of just two and a half decades, the United States has been plagued by numerous tragic events. During the same period, the number of late-night shows, a simple though controversial measurement of popular demand for comedic material dealing with or distracting from these crises, proliferated from four shows in 2000 to 17 in 2020. Looking at these shows over the course of two decades (2001–2021), the paper examines if and how late-night hosts addressed tragic events, a topic thus far largely relegated to grey literature. The empirical study draws on theories of comedy and tragedy to inform its content analysis of late-night monologues. The article finds that late-night hosts did address a wide range of tragic events, from mass shootings to environmental catastrophes. However, the ways in which they did so differed, exhibiting shifts over time and comedic genre. Overall, late-night comedians’ replies to tragic events became more instantaneous, serious, and civically minded. The article argues that this subversion of genre expectations through the absence of humor and increasing incorporation of political accountability and advocacy frames in comedians’ responses to tragedies became particularly pronounced in the late 2010s. The paper suggests potential explanations for these results and concludes that these findings provide valuable insights and implications for the American public and policy discourse.
Further Psychometric Evaluation of the Eight-Item Hospice Philosophy Scale: Results From a National Sample of Interdisciplinary Hospice Clinicians
Authors: Becker Todd D. , Clem Sarah E. , Sacco Paul , Cagle John G. , Davitt Joan K. , Kusmaul Nancy
Published: July 2024

This study examined the psychometric properties of the eight-item Hospice Philosophy Scale (HPS-8) through confirmatory factor analysis; differential item functioning by age, gender, race, and professional discipline; and internal consistency reliability. We administered the HPS-8 to a national convenience sample of 471 interdisciplinary hospice clinicians. Confirmatory factor analysis results supported a one-factor model with an error correlation between two similarly worded items, χ2(19) = 48.38, p < .001 (RMSEA = .06, SRMR = .03, CFI = .98, TLI = .97). “Multiple indicators, multiple causes” model results indicated differential item functioning by age, race, and/or professional discipline on five items. However, subsequent uncorrected and differential item functioning-corrected models detected no statistically significant HPS-8 mean differences by grouping variables. Composite reliability results (CR = .82) demonstrated acceptable internal consistency reliability. Our results support the HPS-8 as a valid and reliable measure of attitudes toward the hospice philosophy of care in hospice clinicians.
Preparing students for hybrid working: The place and case for authentic assessment via synchronous online presentations
Authors: Hughes Helen PN , Padgett Rebecca C , Donald William E
Published: July 2024

Today’s students need to be prepared for hybrid working to thrive in the contemporary workplace, and traditional assessment methods need modification to remain fit for purpose. Framing this as our point of departure, we propose that synchronous, online presentations offer an authentic assessment method with significant potential for enhancing student employability. Our essay highlights the benefits of the approach for students, lecturers, and employers while acknowledging the challenges that play out through resistance from universities and students. We conclude with a call for empirical research and stakeholder engagement to facilitate the authentic and impactful deployment of synchronous, online presentations.
Psychiatrists and general practitioners perspectives on sexual wellbeing: Why it matters?
Authors: Malhi Gin S , Le Uyen , Bell Erica
Published: July 2024

Objective

Sexual wellbeing is a fundamental component of overall wellbeing and is often impacted by common psychiatric disorders such as depression. Despite this, research suggests it is underexplored in clinical practice. This preliminary study aimed to examine whether this is the case in both psychiatrists and general practitioners (GPs).

Method

GPs and psychiatrists completed a survey examining the exploration of various sexual wellbeing domains with patients. It included open-ended questions regarding factors that influence this exploration, whether clinicians felt this was their responsibility, and their level of training in this area.

Results

Clinicians who felt it was their responsibility to enquire about sexual wellbeing reported exploring it in more patients than those who did not endorse this perspective. Overall, clinicians from both specialties demonstrated a reluctance to explore most sexual wellbeing topics, and this appeared to be due to many factors including views held by clinicians themselves. Most clinicians felt they had not received adequate training in this area.

Conclusions

Domains of sexual wellbeing are largely underexplored by clinicians from both specialties. Educational materials and training for clinicians are needed to facilitate the exploration of this important area with patients, specifically in the context of mental health.
The Heat is On: Does Civil Litigation Affect Policing Practices?
Authors: Bird Christine C. , Shannon Brooke N.
Published: July 2024

We investigate the relationship between civil litigation and policing activity at a systems level and take a step toward a more rigorous understanding of the effect of civil litigation as an accountability mechanism for law enforcement misconduct. To investigate, we assemble original data on every civil lawsuit filed against a police department in North Carolina between 2003 and 2011, which we pair with existing traffic stops data from 2002 to 2016. We hypothesize that as an agency faces an accumulation of lawsuits, the agency will scale back its discretionary enforcement activities. Empirical tests reveal a 16 percent drop in the number of monthly stops made by officers in the aftermath of new civil litigation against their department. However, reductions in discretionary police behavior appear to benefit white motorists while rates of stops of Black motorists remain relatively unchanged. Our findings highlight the role of litigation in police accountability as well as the seeming intractability of racial disparities in discretionary police behavior.
Weight of Evidence: Is an Animal Study Warranted? Assessments for Carcinogenicity, Drug Abuse Liability, and Pediatric Safety
Authors: Ramani Thulasi , Wange Ronald L. , Manetz T. Scott , Kruzich Paul J. , Laffan Susan B. , Compton David R.
Published: July 2024

Nonclinical safety studies are typically conducted to establish a toxicity profile of a new pharmaceutical in clinical development. Such a profile may encompass multiple differing types of animal studies, or not! Some types of animal studies may not be warranted for a specific program or may only require a limited evaluation if scientifically justified. The goal of this course was to provide a practical perspective on regulatory writing of a dossier(s) using the weight of evidence (WOE) approach for carcinogenicity, drug abuse liability and pediatric safety assessments. These assessments are typically done after some clinical data are available and are highly bespoke to the pharmaceutical being developed. This manuscript will discuss key data elements to consider and strategy options with some case studies and examples. Additionally, US FDA experience with dossier(s) including WOE arguments is discussed.
Design Principles for Virtual Reality Applications Used in Collaborative Service Encounters
Authors: Pöyry Essi , Holopainen Jani , Parvinen Petri , Mattila Osmo , Tuunanen Tuure
Published: July 2024

Immersive technologies like virtual reality (VR) provide new opportunities to augment service encounters by supporting customer–service agent collaboration and problem-solving. Guided by the value cocreation and service technology infusion literature, a design science research (DSR) study is carried out with three iteratively developed versions of a VR application used to make decisions about forest management services. The aim is to develop design principles (DPs) for physical VR technology-infused service encounters. DSR produces unique knowledge on how a VR solution affects customer–service agent collaboration. In each development cycle, the problem–solution fit is evaluated, and emerging problems are addressed in the following DSR cycles. Based on interviews ( N = 127) with customers and service agents of a forest management service company conducted during the DSR cycles, we show that VR technology solutions support collaboration and problem-solving in knowledge-intensive service encounters by invoking dialogue difficult to generate otherwise—especially when decision-makers are novices and service outcomes are physical and irreversible. We present three new DPs that help conceptualize how collaborative service encounters can be improved by using a developing VR technology: (1) the principle of empowerment, (2) the principle of focus, and (3) the principle of guided decision-making.
The impact of the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on referral patterns and therapeutic service provision for children and young people’s psychosocial distress in a Low-or Middle-Income Country: A service evaluation of routinely collected data from a non-government organisation operating in schools in the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Wilson Emma , Loades Maria E , Human Suzanne , Coetzee Bronwyne , Gericke Hermine , Laning Gerrit
Published: July 2024

Introduction

In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including South Africa, there is a paucity of psychosocial support services. Therefore, services are often provided in schools by non-government organisations like Community Keepers (CK). The COVID-19 pandemic and resultant restrictions meant that children and young people’s (CYP) lives changed, negatively affecting their mental health. Further, organisations like CK had to change their working processes.

Method

This project compared routinely collected data from CK from 2019 (pre-pandemic) to 2020 (pandemic) to describe the changes that occurred in referral patterns to, and service provision by, CK.

Results

Both pre-pandemic and during the pandemic, most referrals of CYP were for emotional/psychological support and behavioural difficulties. In 2020, referrals for general guidance increased, whilst referrals for peer group issues and sexuality decreased. Further, CK completed more brief check-ins, provided wellbeing workshops to increased numbers of teachers, parents and CYP, and had more consultation sessions with other service providers during the pandemic.

Discussion

Routinely collected data from this community-based service in a LMIC context shows differences in the way that support was provided, and to whom, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical implications, including the importance of increasing access to psychosocial support via technology, are included.
A simulation-based investigation of the robustness of sequences of operation to zone-level faults in single-duct multi-zone variable air volume air handling unit systems
Authors: Torabi Narges , Gunay H. Burak , O'Brien William
Published: July 2024

High-performance sequences of operation for variable air volume (VAV) air handling units (AHUs) respond to requests from zones, leaving these sequences vulnerable to faults that occur at the zone level. While prior research has shown that ASHRAE Guideline 36 reduces energy consumption, its ability to withstand zone-level faults is understudied. This paper investigates the fault tolerance of supply air temperature (SAT) setpoint, duct static pressure (DSP) setpoint and mode of operation (MOP) in single-duct multi-zone VAV AHUs. First, customized sequences were defined for different scenarios in EnergyPlus in this study. Then, common actuator/sensor faults were injected into one zone to identify the most efficient fault-tolerant scenario. The results indicate that trim and respond reset logic is the most fault-tolerant scenario for this paper’s case study, with a 12% energy use intensity (EUI) increase for the SAT setpoint and an 11% increase for the DSP setpoint. Moreover, implementing an average temperature–based control for MOP significantly reduces the setup/setback mode activation, resulting in a lower EUI.
The dance of shadows: The New York Times and the CIA
Authors: Lin Chunfeng
Published: July 2024

In the intricate realm of international affairs, the relationship between foreign correspondents of The New York Times (NYT) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) can be likened to a refined tango, where the worlds of journalism and espionage converge. This study, inspired by this metaphor, delves into the complex relationship between the NYT and the CIA that spans two generations of the Sulzberger family. Drawing from the “James Reston Papers,” it examines how these two prominent entities, the NYT and the CIA, navigated the intricate interplay of mutual dependence, conflicting interests, and the delicate balance between transparency and secrecy while vying for influence. Furthermore, it sheds light on the clandestine connections that bind the realms of media and intelligence, which have left a significant mark on the landscape of American journalism.
Long-Term Outcomes of One-Stage Combined Posteroanterior Procedure and Laminoplasty-Alone for Multilevel Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy With Concomitant Anterior and Posterior Compression: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis of 8-year Follow-Up
Authors: Qu Ruomu , Yang Yiyuan , Wang Ben , Liu Zexiang , Li Xiumao , Jiang Liang , Liu Xiaoguang , Liu Zhongjun
Published: July 2024

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes of laminoplasty-alone (LP) and combined procedure (CP), consisting of laminoplasty and single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, in comparable patients who had multilevel degenerative cervical myelopathy (MDCM) with concomitant anterior and posterior compression (CAPC).

Methods

Consecutive MDCM patients with CAPC underwent LP or CP between 2012 and 2015 from a same surgical group were enrolled and followed up for a minimum of 8 years. Preoperative demographic, radiological, and clinical variables were collected. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to match patients with comparable conditions. The outcomes were evaluated by postoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score improvement, JOA recovery rate (JOARR) and complications.

Results

A total of 230 patients were included, of whom 146 underwent LP and 84 underwent CP. After PSM, 84 pairs of comparable patients were matched. The matched groups presented fair comparability in preoperative conditions. The CP group had significantly prolonged surgery time and greater blood loss. At the final follow-up, the postoperative JOA scores of LP and CP groups were 14.51 ± 1.79 and 15.47 ± 1.81 ( P < 0.001) and the JOARR were 42.5% ± 53.3% and 68.5% ± 35.4%, respectively ( P < 0.001). Three (3.6%) patients in the LP group underwent reoperations because of recurrent symptoms ( P = 0.081).

Conclusion

Both LP and CP demonstrated considerable long-term neurological recovery in patients with CAPC. The CP showed a significantly higher JOA improvement and JOARR. The combined decompression might be a safe and effective alternative in treating MDCM with CAPC in experienced hands.
Analyzing the L4-5 Segmental Alignment Change of Two Minimally Invasive Prone-Based Interbody Fusions
Authors: McDermott Michael R. , Rogers Michael , Prior Robert , Mixa Joseph , Garrett Jonathon , Michna Rebecca , Guiroy Alfredo , Asghar Jahangir , Paul Ronjon , Patel Ashish
Published: July 2024

Study Design

Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective

Restoration of lumbar lordosis (LL) is a principal objective during spinal fusion procedures, traditionally focusing on achieving an LL within 10° of the pelvic incidence (PI). Recent studies have demonstrated a relatively constant L4-S1 alignment of 35-40° at L4-S1 and at least 15° at L4-5, regardless of PI. Based on these results, this study was created to examine the success rate of achieving a minimum of 15° at L4-5 through two differing prone-based techniques: Prone Lateral (pLLIF) and Trans Foraminal Interbody Fusion (TLIF).

Methods

One hundred patients with a primary single-level L4-5 interbody fusion (50 pLLIF and 50 TLIF) were retrospectively analyzed. Pre and post-operative radiographs were measured to examine the segmental change at each level in the lumbar spine and calculate the success rate for achieving a minimum L4-5 segmental lordosis of 15° at the final follow-up.

Results

The overall success rate of achieving an L4-5 segmental alignment >15° at the final follow-up was 70%. Prone LLIF was significantly more likely than TLIF to achieve this goal, achieving L4-5 > 15° 84% of the time vs TLIFs 56% ( P = 0.002). Prone LLIF demonstrated an average L4-5 increase of 5.6 ± 5.9° which was larger than the mean increase for TLIF 0.4 ± 3.8° ( P < 0.001). In both techniques, there was an inverse correlation between pre-operative L4-5 angle and L4-5 angle change.

Conclusion

Prone lateral lumbar interbody fusion demonstrates a high success rate for achieving a post-operative L4-5 angle >15° and achieves this at a higher rate than TLIF.
Prospecting for non-timber forest products by chemical analysis of four species of Lauraceae from the Amazon region of Colombia
Authors: Muñoz-Acevedo Amner , López-Camacho René , González María C. , Castillo Osnaider J. , Cervantes-Díaz Martha , Celis Marcela
Published: July 2024

Lauraceae is a family of woody plants of economic importance mainly for their commercial exploitation as timber, as well as spices/food. Nonetheless, overexploitation is causing a decline in both the population and the associated ecosystems due to the lack of sustainability strategies and knowledge of alternative ways of utilization. The focus of this research was to determine if the secondary metabolites found/identified in the volatile fractions/ethyl acetate extracts of Aniba panurensis, Nectandra cuspidata, Ocotea cymbarum and O. myriantha from the Amazon region of Colombia (Departamento de Caquetá) would be promising/interesting for industry, so that uses/exploitation other than timber could be recommended. In this work, the chemical compositions by GC–FID/MS of the volatile fractions/total extracts (by HS–SPME/SDE/maceration) of the trunk wood of these trees were determined. The results were: (i) the volatile fractions/extracts of A. panurensis were composed of 88–94% benzenoid-type aromatic esters (benzyl salicylate and benzoate); (ii) N. cuspidata contained 95% sesquiterpenes (α-copaene and α-cubebene/germacrene D) by HS–SPME, 89% oxygenated and hydrocarbonated sesquiterpenes (τ-cadinol and δ-cadinene) by SDE, and 87% sesquiterpenes and aporphine alkaloids (α-copaene/germacrene D/δ-cadinene/α-cubebene and dicentrine/dehydrodicentrine) by solvent extraction; (iii) O. cymbarum contained mainly 63% sesquiterpenes and monoterpene ethers (α-copaene/trans-calamenene and eucalyptol) by HS–SPME, 63–85% of monoterpene alcohols (α-terpineol/borneol)/hydrocarbons (α-/β-pinenes)/ethers (eucalyptol) and phenylpropanoid ethers (methyleugenol) by SDE/solvent extraction; and (iv) for O. myriantha, the constituents per family were 91% sesquiterpenes (bicyclogermacrene/germacrene D)—HS–SPME, 72% sesquiterpene alcohols and sesquiterpenes/monoterpenes (spathulenol and bicyclogermacrene/δ-3-carene)—SDE, and 69% benzenoid-type aromatic esters and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons/alcohols (benzyl salicylate and bicyclogermacrene/α-cadinol)—solvent extraction. In conclusion, the main constituents identified in the woods (volatile fractions/extracts) of the species could be isolated and sustainably used/exploitated due to their bioproperties, as well as for their fragrant properties, some of which could be harnessed by different sectors/types of industries.
Cutibacterium acnes biofilm formation is influenced by bone microenvironment, implant surfaces and bacterial internalization
Authors: Varin-Simon Jennifer , Colin Marius , Velard Frédéric , Tang-Fichaux Min , Ohl Xavier , Mongaret Céline , Gangloff Sophie C. , Reffuveille Fany
Published: July 2024

Background

The bacterial persistence, responsible for therapeutic failures, can arise from the biofilm formation, which possesses a high tolerance to antibiotics. This threat often occurs when a bone and joint infection is diagnosed after a prosthesis implantation. Understanding the biofilm mechanism is pivotal to enhance prosthesis joint infection (PJI) treatment and prevention. However, little is known on the characteristics of Cutibacterium acnes biofilm formation, whereas this species is frequently involved in prosthesis infections.

Methods

In this study, we compared the biofilm formation of C. acnes PJI-related strains and non-PJI-related strains on plastic support and textured titanium alloy by (i) counting adherent and viable bacteria, (ii) confocal scanning electronic microscopy observations after biofilm matrix labeling and (iii) RT-qPCR experiments.

Results

We highlighted material- and strain-dependent modifications of C. acnes biofilm. Non-PJI-related strains formed aggregates on both types of support but with different matrix compositions. While the proportion of polysaccharides signal was higher on plastic, the proportions of polysaccharides and proteins signals were more similar on titanium. The changes in biofilm composition for PJI-related strains was less noticeable. For all tested strains, biofilm formation-related genes were more expressed in biofilm formed on plastic that one formed on titanium. Moreover, the impact of C. acnes internalization in osteoblasts prior to biofilm development was also investigated. After internalization, one of the non-PJI-related strains biofilm characteristics were affected: (i) a lower quantity of adhered bacteria (80.3-fold decrease), (ii) an increase of polysaccharides signal in biofilm and (iii) an activation of biofilm gene expressions on textured titanium disk.

Conclusion

Taken together, these results evidenced the versatility of C. acnes biofilm, depending on the support used, the bone environment and the strain.
Healthcare professionals’ perceptions of challenges in vaccine communication and training needs: a qualitative study
Authors: Holford Dawn , Anderson Emma C. , Biswas Aishmita , Garrison Amanda , Fisher Harriet , Brosset Emeline , Gould Virginia C. , Verger Pierre , Lewandowsky Stephan
Published: July 2024

Background

Healthcare professionals (HCPs) can play an important role in encouraging patients and their caregivers to be vaccinated. The objective of this qualitative study was to investigate HCPs’ perspectives on challenges in vaccine communication and unmet training needs in this domain.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 41 HCPs (mainly nurses and physicians) with vaccination roles (23 in England; 18 in France), gathering information on: (1) HCPs’ approach to vaccine conversations with patients; (2) Challenges of communicating about vaccines; (3) Vaccine-related training and learning resources available to HCPs, and; (4) HCPs’ training needs around vaccine communication.

Results

HCPs described a range of communication experiences that indicated insufficient time, information, and skills to confidently navigate difficult conversations with vaccine-hesitant patients. Communication skills were especially important to avoid conflict that could potentially damage the patient-provider relationship. Some HCPs interviewed had received communication training, but for most, this training was not specific to vaccination. Although general communication skills were transferable to vaccine conversations, most HCPs welcomed specific training and informational resources to support countering patients’ misconceptions or misinformation about vaccines.

Conclusions

HCPs would benefit from training tailored to address vaccine communication with patients, and this should be part of a systemic approach that also provides time and space to have effective vaccine conversations.
The role of community health workers in the management of hypertension in Nigeria
Authors: Oseni Tijani Idris Ahmad , Olawumi Abdulgafar Lekan , Salam Tawakalit Olubukola , Issa Amudalat , Abiso Mohammed Abubakar , Sanusi Ibraheem , Ilori Temitope
Published: July 2024

Background

Hypertension is the number one risk factor for cardiovascular death worldwide and its prevalence has been on the increase in LMICs including Nigeria. There is an increasing awareness and recognition of the contributions of the community health workers (CHWs) in the healthcare system. This study assessed their current role in the management of hypertension and patient satisfaction with the care received.

Methods

A mixed method study (cross-sectional study of 381 CHWs and key informant interview of 14 patients with hypertension selected using multi-stage and purposive sampling respectively) was conducted across five states in different geopolitical zones of Nigeria to assess the role of CHWs in hypertension management and the patients’ level of satisfaction with services of CHWs. Chi-square test was used to assess relationship between categorical variables. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Thematic analysis of the text data from the KII was done using Nvivo® version 12 pro.

Results

A total of 381 CHWs completed the study. They were predominantly males (63%) with mean age of 40.96 ± 12.51 years. Only about one-third of the CHWs (31%) could correctly diagnose hypertension while only 15% knew the base-line investigations to be requested. Being female (FE = 9.205, p = 0.008) and resident in northwest geopolitical region (χ2 = 20.920, p < 0.001) had statistically significant associations with appropriate diagnostic skills for hypertension. Being supervised by doctors was associated with appropriate knowledge of baseline investigations for hypertension (χ2 = 5.534, p = 0.019). Mostly, hypertensive patients reported positive experiences and satisfaction with the services provided by the CHWs.

Conclusions

Community health workers currently have critical contributions in the management of hypertension in Nigeria. Hypertensive patients generally reported satisfactory experience with CHWs managing them. The services rendered by CHWs can be improved upon by adequate supervision and training.
Loneliness and its correlation with self-care and activities of daily living among older adults: a partial least squares model
Authors: Masoudi Nazanin , Sarbazi Ehsan , Soleimanpour Hassan , Abbasian Mehdi , Ghasemi Masouma , Rostami Zahra , Azizi Hosein , Soleimanpour Maryam
Published: July 2024

Background

The growing elderly population worldwide is accompanied by an increased disrupting daily activities and self-care. Neglecting the multifaceted needs of the elderly can lead to detrimental effects such as loneliness or social isolation, threatening healthy aging. Self-care is a key strategy to enhance daily functioning and mitigate feelings of loneliness among the elderly. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the feelings of loneliness and its relationship with self-care and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) among the older adults of Tabriz city.

Methods

In this observational cross-sectional study, we engaged 315 older adults using a simple random sampling. Participants were selected randomly from Iran’s Integrated Health System (IIHS) framework. Three questionnaires including de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, Persian version of self-care scale, and ADL-Katz were used for data collection. The Partial Least Squares and Spearman’s correlation were used to investigate the relationships between demographic characteristics, loneliness, self-care, and ADL.

Results

The sample comprised 315 respondents 51.1% were female, 49.5% had a middle school literacy and 86% were married. A significant negative relationship was observed between loneliness and self-care (P < 0.001 and r =-0.311). Demographic characteristics, including age and marital status, were found to negatively moderate the relationship between self-care (path coefficient − 0.07, P = 0.044) and positively moderate the relationship with loneliness (path coefficient 0.29, p < 0.001). ADL was positively associated with self-care (path coefficient 0.41, p = 0.046) and also a direct and significant relationship was observed between ADL and daily self-care (P < 0.001 and r = 0.335).

Conclusion

This study underscores the complex interplay between loneliness, self-care, and ADL. It highlights the need for interventions that address emotional health and daily living skills as part of comprehensive self-care strategies. Further research is needed to explore these relationships in more detail and to develop targeted interventions for different demographic groups.
Clinical-epidemiological profile and factors associated with viral non-suppression in patients living with HIV/AIDS assisted at the Integrated Treatment Center at the Maputo Military Hospital (CITRA/MMH), 2019 to 2020
Authors: Chicanequisso Eduardo Mangue , Baltazar Cynthia Sema , Sacarlal Jahit
Published: July 2024

Background

HIV remains a critical global public health challenge. In 2022, it was estimated that approximately 39.0 million people worldwide were living with HIV, and of these, around 29.8 million were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). The objective was to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological profile and factors associated with viral load (VL) non-suppression in people living with HIV/AIDS at the Maputo Military Hospital (CITRA/MMH).

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 9105 people aged 15 years and over. We use secondary data from participants on ART for at least 2 years being followed up between the years 2019–2020 at CITRA/MMH. Those recently enrolled (on ART < 1 year) were excluded and data analysis was performed using STATA version 16. Pearson's chi-square test and logistic regression were used for statistical modeling of viral non-suppression with a 95%/CI confidence interval and p < 0.05.

Results

Among a total of 9105 HIV participants included, 52.8% (n = 4808) were female and 13.6% (n = 1235) were military personnel. The average age was 47.9 years (standard deviation ± 12.1), with the most prevalent age group being individuals aged between 25 and 59, totalizing 7,297 (80.2%) participants. Only 5395 (100%) participants had VL results. Among these, 23.1% (n = 1247) had a result VL non-suppressed. Single marital status (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 4.8, 95%CI: 3.93–5.76, p < 0.001), with active tuberculosis (AOR = 4.6, 95%CI: 3.15–6.63, p < 0.001) and current ART regimen in categories TDF + 3TC + EFV (AOR = 12.7, 95%CI: 9.74–16.63, p < 0.001), AZT + 3TC + NVP (AOR = 21.8, 95% CI: 14.13–33.59, p < 0.001) and “other” regimens (AOR = 25.8, 95%CI: 18.58–35.80, p < 0.001), when compared to the TDF + 3TC + DTG regime, were statistically significant for viral non- suppression.

Conclusion

The study highlights the crucial role of ART adherence and ongoing monitoring to achieve viral suppression, particularly among adults aged 25 to 59. It underscores the need for transitioning eligible individuals to DTG-based regimens and addressing the implications of single marital status and comorbid conditions like active tuberculosis. The study emphasizes the importance of ARV adherence and continuous monitoring to meet the UNAIDS 95–95-95 targets and improve clinical outcomes for people living with HIV/AIDS.