bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guyana: Liza Phase 1 Rapid Development in a Deepwater Frontier
Authors: Styslinger Amy , Yost David , Dickerson Gina , Minois Antoine , Wiwel Renee
Published: August 2021

The Liza Phase 1 development project, offshore Guyana, is an unique example of what the offshore oil and gas industry is capable of when working together to deliver a common objective. ExxonMobil and the Stabroek Block co-venturers, Hess Guyana Exploration Limited and CNOOC Petroleum Guyana Limited, commenced oil production from the Liza Destiny floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) vessel in December of 2019, less than 5 years from the initial discovery of hydrocarbons in the Staebroek block. With the production and export of its first barrels of oil, the project completed the establishment of a nascent oil and gas industry in Guyana that is poised for tremendous growth in the coming years.

The Liza Phase 1 development consists of a 120 kbd conversion FPSO (The Liza Destiny) and a network of subsea infrastructure to produce from and inject in two drill centers. It is expected to develop a resource of about 450 MBO gross estimated ultimate recovery. The water depth ranges from 1,690–1,860 m throughout the development which is located approximately 200 km offshore Guyana.

This paper highlights the scope and pace of the project and discusses three specific challenges overcome: the uncertainty of the metocean conditions, extending the application of the selected riser technology, and executing in a challenging and frontier offshore location. A key to the success of the project was the unified approach between stakeholders and the commitment to act as One Team.

The Liza Phase 1 project rapidly developed a newly discovered deep water resource in a frontier location while overcoming numerous challenges. By delivering Guyana's first ever oil production among industry leading cycle times, the Liza Phase 1 project has set the foundation for the future of deep water developments in Guyana.
Daisy Chain and Manifold-Based Subsea Architectures for Brazilian Pre-Salt
Authors: Oazen Eduardo Valente , Macauley Lionel Nelson , Sertã Otávio Borges , Siu Christopher Tsi Fen
Published: August 2021

Brazilian Pre-salts fields lie in approximately 2200 m w.d. in a challenging environment and are often characterized by highly corrosive produced fluids that pushed to the extreme the application of the most advanced material technology and engineering. Nevertheless, Lula, Sapinhoá, Mero and Búzios are definitively world-class prospects with production rates that may exceed 30.000 barrels per day per well.

The development scheme of the Pre-salt fields followed the experience and the track record of the large number of deepwater fields that were previously developed in Brazil, in the post-salt regions, and is based on satellite wells tied to the floating production platform by means of dedicated production and service risers (i.e. each well has dedicated production and service lines). This satellite configuration offers the advantage to be simple, straightforward and resilient to field layout changes even during the project execution phase.

However, the continuous pressure to which the Oil & Gas industry is exposed in order to increase profitability, reduce cost and, more recently, green house gas emission is encouraging Operators to evaluate different field architectures that are more traditionally implemented in other deepwater provinces outside Brazil and that the recent technology and construction asset developments made suitable also for a potential application in the Pre-salt fields. Moreover, those field architectures that are normally based on commingling of wells production are also prone to provide a faster production ramp-up and a reduced time to break even.

This paper presents a description of possible Daisy Chain and Manifold-Based subsea architectures that are suitable to be applied to Brazilian pre-salt fields. The pros and cons of these alternative subsea layouts are explored. Additionally, cost and schedule analyses are presented to show the benefits of such architecture regarding CAPEX and ramp-up compared to satellite architecture, considering the "Brazilian pre-salt" scenario. Finally, a generic proposal for subsea architecture is presented for pre-salt developments jointly with practical solutions for typical operation demands related to flow assurance issues like, for instance, wax and hydrate management.
Qualification of Local Stress Relief Heat Treatment of Double Submerged-Arc Welded DSAW Pipe for Reel-Lay Installation
Authors: Terris James , Safari Javad
Published: August 2021

Reel-lay installation is one of the most effective methods for subsea pipeline installation. Pipes subject to reeling installation experience cyclic plastic deformations and tight control of the yield strength range, yield strength to ultimate tensile strength ratio (YS/UTS) and uniform elongation values is required on the delivered pipe.

Double Submerged-Arc Weld (DSAW) pipes formed from Thermo-Mechanically Controlled Process (TMCP) plates do not normally exhibit the minimum requirements for plastic strain requirements such as minimum YS/UTS ratio or uniform elongation values. This paper describes a process for increasing the reelability of DSAW pipes. This has been achieved by induction heating of DSAW pipe ends to normalise the mechanical properties at pipe joints. The mechanical properties of the treated section have been measured and verified against design rules for reeling, based on industry standards such as DNVGL-ST-F101 [Ref. 1] and TechnipFMC supplementary requirements. The improvement in mechanical properties is measured by comparison with the as-manufactured properties of adjacent sections.

A commercial study demonstrates that the locally heat-treated DSAW pipe is a cost-effective alternative to seamless pipes for reel-lay installation.
Industry's First Sidetrack in 12-1/4-in Casing Enables Operator to Re-Establish Production in GOM
Authors: Emelander Tom
Published: August 2021

In a Gulf of Mexico (GOM) ultradeepwater well, liner integrity issues forced an operator to consider milling a conventional casing exit to sidetrack as deep as possible to re-establish production. Milling a window in 12 -1/4-in. heavy wall casing above the liner hanger had never been achieved before because of the thickness and grade of casing. A successful installation would require significant preplanning and testing to prove capability before real-world application.

The service provider recommended an off-the-shelf solution to accommodate a 12 -1/4-in. casing exit. It was determined that the best fit for the application would be the standard equipment used for exits out of 10 -3/4-in. casing, given the similar internal diameters (IDs). Despite never having performed an installation in this casing size, the provider had a successful run history for exits in heavy weight casing strings. Job challenges included avoiding cutting a casing connection, managing swarf, milling through a centralizer, and achieving a low dogleg for production packers. Additional challenges included torque limitations, mill gauge, and the limestone formation.

An 8-in. outside diameter (OD) system with mechanical anchor and 9 -7/8-in. OD mills was sent to a test well designed to replicate the target section of the offshore well. Based on determinations made in the planning phase, milling of the window and rathole would be staged in two trips. Additionally, a replica drilling bottom hole assembly (BHA), 8 -5/8-in. casing, and a replica production packer would need to pass through the window to ensure both window quality and low enough dogleg. Dogleg data was acquired through multiple logging runs during the 10-day operation. The installation went as planned, along with an additional custom window elongation run to decrease the dogleg severity to approximately 4.5°/100 -ft (30m). Having successfully validated the equipment for the application, the operator and servicer prover were comfortable moving onto the GOM well. Considering the test results, the team planned to mill the window and rathole in one trip. They achieved the 22 -ft long window and 15 -ft rathole in one run that lasted 26 hours. This installation is the first sidetrack conducted with a whipstock in 12 -1/4-in. casing.

This paper shows that a safe, reliable casing exit installation is possible in difficult applications, such as uniquely heavy wall casing, even though it may previously have been considered impossible. This successful application provides the industry with contingency options in similar scenarios.
The Functional State Assessment as the Psychological Safety Marker of the Offshore Production Platform Workers
Authors: Korneeva Yana , Simonova Natalia
Published: August 2021

The present study is devoted to the functional states’ identification and description as the psychological safety marker of offshore oil-producing platform workers with the fly-in-fly-out work organization. This will allow identifying an employee's risk group with low psychological safety for the development of measures to improve it, preserve their health and work efficiency. The research was carried out by means of a scientific expedition in April 2019 during the entire fly-in-fly-out visit to the offshore ice- resistant platform in the Caspian Sea. It was attended by 50 employees (average age 36.17 ± 1.064, average work experience on a fly-in-fly-out basis 7.97 ± 0.839, fly-in-fly-out period - 14 days). Research methods are: 1) instrumental psychophysiological methods for assessing the state on the devices «AngioScan» (stress level) and «Psychophysiologist» (operator performance, functional state level, functional reserves level); 2) psychological testing methods are M. Luscher's color test and the "Well-being. Activity. Insistence" questioning. Psychological testing of employee's personality traits. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and multivariate methods using the SPSS 23.00 software package.

As the study result, all employees were divided into two large groups according to functional states indicators: 1) a group with high performance, since these employees have optimal speed, high quality work performance and good health; 2) a group with low performance, because with a favorable general state of health and the performing tasks speed, employees show a low performance. The relationship between the two groups oil-producing platform employees’ subjective characteristics of efficiency and safety studied. It was found that employees with high performance are adapted to the negative environment impact and are characterized by high psychological safety. The second group representatives with low performance give higher assessments of the professional situations danger and are not satisfied with the work schedule, and therefore belong to the risk group and require additional measures to ensure psychological safety. Personal markers of attribution to groups with different efficiency are independence, cyclothymic character accentuation type, planning and the general level of subjective control.
Subsea Tree Fatigue Mitigation Solutions For Shallow Water Drilling
Authors: Sonawane Mahesh , Ge Michael , Johnson Steven , Campbell Mike
Published: August 2021

The offshore drilling industry is advancing technologies to extend deep water drilling technologies and attain feasibility of operations at deeper depths and higher pressures. However, shallow water operations themselves pose a certain unique set of challenges that need to be addressed with customized and innovative solutions. While shallow water poses certain benefits and conveniences to the operations, like ease of retrieval and better access to wells, there are significant challenges in terms of operational down time caused by limited operability and poor drilling riser and subsea hardware fatigue performance.

Shallow water operations do not have the advantage of deep water drilling where the motions and loads imparted to the subsea blowout preventer (BOP) are relatively decoupled and damped out by hydrodynamic damping from the significant length of the water column. Thus, the vessel motions and wave hydrodynamic loads imparted on the riser are transferred to the wellhead and subsea hardware. In this paper the fatigue challenges encountered for drilling wells in 530 ft water depth from a sixth generation moored semi-submersible rig are explored. The fatigue loading is critical for the subsea tree connector which is characterized by a high stress amplification factor (SAF). Multiple riser space-out solutions were evaluated including fairings, helically-grooved buoyancy, joints with rope, and modifications to the telescopic joint each of which will be presented in the paper along with combination of different damping parameters to optimize the fatigue performance.

The paper will present the subsea tree connector fatigue performance for different riser space-out options and make recommendations for future operations with similar conditions. Other challenges encountered in fatigue evaluation will be discussed. This will highlight the current assumptions and unknowns in data that can form the subject of evaluation for a future joint industry study.
Subsea Liquid Energy Storage – The Bridge Between Oil and Energy/Hydrogen
Authors: Mikalsen Kristian
Published: August 2021

This paper demonstrates a pioneering technology adaption for using a membrane-based subsea storage solution for oil/condensate, modified into storing clean energy storage in the form of ammonia (as a hydrogen energy carrier). The immediate application will provide an economical alternative to electrification of offshore platforms, instead of using expensive cables from shore. Storing ammonia at the seabed using innovative subsea storage technologies will dramatically reduce CO2 emissions for offshore assets. The fluid will be stored in a safe manner on the seafloor, protecting both personnel and marine life. The next step will be to include subsea ammonia storage as part of the global logistical value chain, which can power the merchant shipping fleet. Clean ammonia can be produced using renewable resources as wind or solar.

It focuses on bridging the ongoing oil/condensate storage qualification, adapted into storing ammonia. The large-scale verification test scope is explained, and we show how the test is extended to also prove the concept of safe energy/ammonia storage. The ammonia storage concept is explained, and we show how this can be included as part of a low carbon future. The focus is the immediate market for providing clean power to existing or new offshore assets. The full system solution will encompass storage tanks placed nearby the platforms at safe water depths, riser systems providing fuel to the ammonia power generators, and the tank filling systems. Bridging and adapting technologies from the petroleum industry into renewables shows the importance of utilizing the technology developments and competence of the oil and gas business.

The technical evaluations have shown that the oil/condensate storage can be adapted into storing energy/ammonia with minor modifications. Converting hydrogen into ammonia gives slight energy losses, but it is defended by the large economic benefits of storing ammonia versus pressure storage of hydrogen. The paper presents qualification work already completed and how to implement ammonia fuel storage for platforms. In addition, we show the test setup for a large-scale qualification provided by an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) company together with major Operators. Innovative modular design methods have shown that the concept can be included on existing offshore assets, which have limited topside space available. Adding green or blue ammonia as an alternative to power cables from shore have several benefits, and many of the connecting building blocks are falling into place. The main conclusion is how to adapt Novel technologies from the oil industry to store ammonia in a safe way on the seafloor.
Evaluation of firework mortars
Authors: Contestabile E , Augsten R A , Craig T R
Published: August 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of firework mortars by causing shells to explode in them. Tests were performed at nominal temperatures of 20°C and -20°C for both star and report shells. Events were recorded via video, still
and high speed photography. The results do not indicate serious faults with any particular mortar material.
The study reports the results of approximately 280 mortar bursts and attempts to relate the data to several concerns. The requirement for a maintenance-free mortar, one that can withstand repeated use and, in case of a failure, a 'fail-safe' mortar. Thus, when it comes to use, an operator must
always make a judgement as to whether a paper mortar can take another firing. Steel mortars have always been relied upon to take many firings yet everyone realizes the degree of danger if one was to burst.
The results indicate that all mortars, except the Schedule-40 steel which burst only at very low temperatures, ruptured and produced fragments under most conditions. However, when one considers the consequences of an accidental burst, the mass and distance to which fragments were thrown can be used
as safety criteria. The fragments from the fibre reinforced epoxy mortars had a range of approximately 30 m, the paper 70 m, the plastics 70 m and the metal mortars 120 m.
Transient Bradyarrhythmia
Authors: Jesrani Gautam , Gupta Samiksha , Gupta Monica , Gaba Saurabh
Published: August 2021

Amiodarone is a class III anti-arrhythmic drug which is commonly used in various cardiac arrhythmias. Hypothyroidism is one important complication linked with this drug. Herein, we recount a case of amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism, which presented as atrial fibrillation (AF) with slow ventricular response. A middle-aged gentleman was brought to the casualty in unconscious state. He was a known case of hypertension and on amiodarone treatment for AF for the past 2 years. On presentation, the patient had a slow pulse rate and his electrocardiogram was suggestive of AF with very slow ventricular beat. This was managed medically and a temporary cardiac pacemaker was instituted thereafter. In search of the cause for bradycardia, his thyroid function test depicted hypothyroidism with 2-fold raised thyroid-stimulating hormone and decreased levels of free tetraiodothyronine hormone, but the patient had no other features suggestive of hypothyroidism. Therefore, the patient was started on oral thyroxine hormone, which led to considerable pulse rate improvement.
Airway and Ventilation Management for Excision of Recurrent Bronchogenic Cyst Followed by Removal of Metallic Bronchial Stent in a Child
Authors: Chandy Jacob , Rai Ekta
Published: August 2021

Conventional lung isolation is at times not possible as was the case with our child who had a migrated bronchial stent. The Cook® airway exchange catheter was used as a backup for oxygenation/ventilation in case of the stent getting stuck during its removal. A specially designed device for facilitating egress of air during jet ventilation was indigenously created and held as a backup plan.
Well-Planned Successful Tracheostomy Tube Change in a Child
Authors: Manampadi Unnathi Purushotham , Bakshi Sumitra G , Salunke Bindiya , Thiagarajan Shivakumar
Published: August 2021

Paediatric tracheostomy and tracheostomy tube change are associated with a higher incidence of adverse events that need to be recognised, mandating thorough evaluation and meticulous planning to avert such events. In addition, implementation of standard guidelines in every institute is necessary to maintain optimum safety. We report the successful management of a difficult paediatric tracheostomy tube change in a 3-year-old boy who had a history of failure of tracheostomy tube change in the ward 1 month following the initial tracheostomy. The initial attempt of changing the tube to secure the airway was unsuccessful. As difficulty in tube exchange was anticipated, we were able to secure the airway with endotracheal tube loaded on to a paediatric fibreoptic bronchoscope which was already positioned in the trachea. We believe that a well-planned management strategy executed in a monitored and well-equipped surrounding helped in avoiding grave consequences.
Fetal Accessory Renal Arteries and Other Renal Anomalies
Authors: Tom Dinit K. , Manvikar Purushottam Rao , Mutalik Maitreyee Madhav
Published: August 2021

Background: Human kidneys develop from intermediate mesoderm, in three successive stages; pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros. The definitive kidney, which is derived from metanephros occupy sacral region initially, which ascent later, reaching the adult position by 9th week. It receives blood supply from different sources during its development and ascent. Accessory renal arteries are widely studied in adults while the same in fetuses is an understudied topic. Aims and Objectives: The present study was carried out to find out the percentage of accessory renal arteries in fetuses and associated positional congenital anomalies with it. Materials and Methods: Fifty fetuses of gestational ages ranged from 14 to 40 weeks were collected from the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, with prior permission from Head of the department and Dean. Results: The study showed a higher percentage of accessory renal arteries in fetuses (30%) and in 2 out of 50 fetuses dissected (4%), accessory renal arteries were found to be associated with positional anomalies. One was a case of bilateral ectopic kidney whereas the other was a horseshoe kidney (HSK). Lobulation were seen in most of the kidneys and 3 cases of bilateral accessory renal arteries without any obvious anomalies were noted.

Conclusion:

As the advancement in prenatal diagnostic techniques, screening for accessory renal arteries in fetuses can provide a clue for associated congenital renal anomalies. Knowledge on vascular variation in fetuses will help pediatric surgeons in planning abdominal surgeries in new born and children of early ages, where vascular anatomy may be different than in adults.
Panax Notoginseng Saponins Increases the Blood Concentration of Nifedipine by Inhibiting CYP3A4 Enzyme through PXR- and CAR-Mediated Pathway
Authors: Li Qiu-Hong , Zhao Jiao , Ju Ai-Xia , Hu Yong , Qie Qing-Song , Xiao Hong-Bin , Xu Guang , Wang Xi-Jun
Published: August 2021

Objective:

To explore the mechanism underlying the effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine (NF) in rats.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into blank (BL) group, PNS group, NF group, and PNS + NF group, with six rats in each group. Noncompartmental analysis and t-test were carried out to determine the difference between the pharmacokinetic parameters of NF in different groups. CYP3A4 enzyme activity was calculated using the probe drug method. The mRNA and protein contents of CYP3A4, nuclear receptor CAR, and PXR in rat liver were quantitatively analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot.

Results:

After the rats were treated with the combination of PNS and NF, the plasma concentration, half-life, peak time, and area under the concentration-time curve of NF increased, whereas the clearance rate decreased. The inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 enzyme activity was in the following order: PNS + NF group (strongest) > PNS group > NF group, and BL group (weakest). Similar changes were observed for the inhibitory effect on CYP3A4, CAR, and PXR mRNA and protein content, and the order was as follows: PNS + NF group (weakest) < PNS group < NF group, and BL group (strongest).

Conclusion:

In combination with NF, PNS may inhibit the mRNA and protein expression of nuclear receptor CAR and PXR and the activity of CYP3A4 enzyme, slowing down the pharmacokinetics of NF in rats, increasing its blood concentration, and enhancing the therapeutic effect of NF.
Euler systems for GSp(4)
Authors: Loeffler David , Skinner Christopher , Zerbes Sarah Livia
Published: August 2021

We construct an Euler system for Galois representations associated to cohomological cuspidal automorphic representations of

\operatorname{GSp}_4

, using the pushforwards of Eisenstein classes for

\operatorname{GL}_2 \times \operatorname{GL}_2

.
Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Acute Zika Virus Infections in León, Nicaragua
Authors: Bowman Natalie M. , Bucardo Filemón , Collins Matthew H. , Reyes Yaoska , Centeno Cuadra Edwing , Blette Bryan , Lakshmanane Premkumar , Guerra Enrique Paulo , Rubinstein Rebecca , Liou Guei-Jiun Alice , de Silva Aravinda M. , Becker-Dreps Sylvia
Published: August 2021

The American Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic has highlighted the need to gain a better understanding of this emerging virus. The goal of this study was to describe the clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and risk factors for symptomatic ZIKV infection in an area with ongoing transmission of other arboviral infections. We recruited patients at least 2 years of age seeking care at public health centers in León, Nicaragua, between January 2016 and August 2017, for fever, maculopapular rash, and/or nonsuppurative conjunctivitis with a duration of less than 1 week. A laboratory diagnosis of ZIKV was established using a combination of molecular and serological tests. Clinical and laboratory findings and potential risk factors were compared between participants with and without acute ZIKV infection. Fifty-eight (26%) of the 225 participants included in the analysis were found to have acute ZIKV infection. Pregnancy and reports of previous arboviral infection were associated with a higher risk of ZIKV infection. Rash, conjunctivitis, sore throat, and lower absolute neutrophil counts were associated with acute ZIKV infection. The clinical characteristics and risk factors identified were consistent with those identified by previous studies; however, we found sore throat to be a feature of ZIKV infection. We also found that neutrophil counts were lower in ZIKV-infected subjects. These clinical symptoms and laboratory data may help clinicians suspect ZIKV infection during future outbreaks.
Challenges to Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Acceptability among Women in South India: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Shah Pooja , Shetty Veena , Ganesh Maithri , Shetty Avinash K.
Published: August 2021

Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in women in India. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake in India is low due to cost, low awareness of HPV, social stigma, and other factors. We assessed the awareness, attitudes, and beliefs regarding HPV and HPV vaccination and explored the barriers and challenges to HPV vaccine intent among women in Mangalore, India. An exploratory study was conducted using two focus group discussions (FGDs) and six in-depth one-on-one interviews. FGD-1 comprised nine women aged 18 to 26 years, and FGD-2 comprised seven women aged 27 to 45 years. The FGDs were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Themes identified were limited knowledge of HPV and vaccine, stigma associated with receiving HPV vaccine, vaccine safety concerns, and cost as a barrier to receiving vaccine. Participants expressed desire for physician and government recommendation of the HPV vaccine to validate vaccine intent. Contrasting themes between the two FGDs include support for vaccination at a younger age and lower perception of stigma and judgment in the 18- to 26-year-old group; however, participants in the 27- to 45-year-old group support vaccination at an older age and endorse greater fear of stigma and judgment associated with obtaining vaccination. Education regarding HPV-associated diseases and the HPV vaccine for the general public, physicians, and government officials in conjunction with lowering vaccine cost, improving vaccine access, and encouraging strong physician recommendations are key strategies to scale up HPV vaccine implementation in India.
Comparison between Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and Sodium Nitrate Flotation Microscopy in Diagnosing Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections
Authors: Bartlett Adam W. , Traub Rebecca , Amaral Salvador , Hii Sze Fui , Clarke Naomi E. , Matthews Alexander , Zendejas-Heredia Patsy A. , Arkell Paul , Monteiro Merita Antonia Armindo , da Conceicao Virginia , da Costa Maia Carolina , Soares Maria Imaculada , Prisca Guterres Josefina D. , Francis Joshua R. , Vaz Nery Susana
Published: August 2021

There is evolving interest in alternate microscopy techniques and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to evaluate soil-transmitted helminth (STH) burden. Using data from a cross-sectional survey of 540 schoolchildren across six primary schools in three municipalities of Timor-Leste, we compared the performance of microscopy using sodium nitrate flotation (SNF) and qPCR in determining STH prevalence and infection intensity. Prevalence by qPCR was higher than SNF for Ascaris lumbricoides (17.5% versus 11.2%), hookworm (8.3% versus 1.2%), and Trichuris trichiura (4.7% versus 1.6%). Agreement between SNF and qPCR was fair for hookworm (κ = 0.21) and moderate for A. lumbricoides (κ = 0.59) and T. trichiura (κ = 0.44). Moderate or heavy intensity infections were identified in 15.9% of infections detected by SNF, whereas qPCR identified 36.1% as moderate or heavy infections using cycle threshold to eggs per gram conversion formulas. Quantitative PCR is a promising diagnostic technique, though further studies validating infection intensity correlates are required.
Multiplex Bead Assay for the Detection of Human IgG Antibody Responses to African Trypanosomes
Authors: Priest Jeffrey W. , Handali Sukwan
Published: August 2021

The recent introduction of large-scale, population-based serologic surveys in several nations where human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) remains endemic could provide an opportunity to better map the remaining disease foci and to identify asymptomatic, seropositive individuals who are infected with the more chronic form of the parasite, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (gHAT). We have incorporated a soluble form of variant surface glycoprotein 117 and a recombinant invariant surface glycoprotein 65.1 into a multiplex bead assay (MBA) method that is commonly used for the detection of IgG antibody responses to other neglected tropical diseases. A positive result was defined as reactivity to both antigens. MBA sensitivity and specificity for gHAT infection were 92% and 96%, respectively. Assay specificity for the acute form of disease caused by T.b. rhodesiense (rHAT) was 94%, but the sensitivity was only 63.6%. In the future, additional antigens could be incorporated into the multiplex assay to improve rHAT sensitivity.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KEJAHATAN JALANAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE FP-GROWTH (STUDI KASUS DI POLRESTA PADANG)
Authors: Putri Ega Evinda
Published: August 2021

Tindak kekerasan dalam KUHP salah satunya adalah tindak kekerasan dijalanan, yang tentunya dapat mengganggu ketertiban umum serta menimbulkan keresahan masyarakat. Pendeteksian kejahatan yang sering terjadi secara bersamaan disebut Association Rule. Algoritma yang bisa digunakan adalah Algoritma FP-Growth. Algoritma FP-Growth adalah salah satu alternative algoritma yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan himpunan data yang paling sering muncul dalam pengumpulan data. Data tersebut diambil sebagai studi kasus kejahatan jalanan di Polresta Padang. Memberikan informasi yang dibutuhkan oleh pihak kepolisisan berupa persentase  yaitu jika tempat kejadian perkara adalah pasar raya padang dan kasus adalah copet maka support ≥ 23% dan confidence ≥ 100 %, sehingga dari persentase tersebut menghasilkan 9 rule. Dari hasil tersebut diperoleh rule tertinggi yaitu jika tempat kejadian perkara adalah pasar raya padang dan kasus adalah copet maka support ≥ 23% dan confidence ≥ 100 %. Sehingga dapat digunakan oleh pihak reskrim untuk mengetahui kehatan di jalanan apa yang sering terjadi sehingga persoalan tingkat kejahatan dijalan dapat diminimalisasi.
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Rental Mobil (Sirem) Berbasis Website Menggunakan Framework Codeigniter
Authors: Putra Gilvy Langgawan , Mellanium Andi Alfian , Aizan Bobby Kamal , Zulfikar Muhamad Rizki , Agustin Ryan Nanda , Putri Risky Setiani
Published: August 2021

Internet telah menjadi salah satu faktor penting dalam menunjang ketersediaaninformasi yang tepat waktu, mendapatkan jaringan internet yang baik dapat ditinjau darikualitas jaringan internet. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian kualitas jaringan internet di Balai Besar Meteorologi dan Geofisika Wilayah I Medan berdasarkan data traffic jaringan yang didapatkan pada portal monitoring traffic jaringan BMKG dengan pengembangan sistem diagnosa ini menggunakan logika fuzzy. logika fuzzy yang dikembangkan pada sistem menggunakan ping time, lost time, dan down time sebagai variabel input dengan fungsi keanggotaan variabel  input ping time dengan kriteria bagus, sedang, dan jelek, sedangkan fungsi keanggotaan variabel input lost time dengan kriteria sangat bagus, bagus, sedang, dan jelek, untuk variabel input down time hanya memiliki satu  fungsi keanggotaan.  Untuk variabel output berupa kualitas jaringan internet  disertai dengan nilai reliability, maintainbility, dan avability (RMA) dengan fungsi keanggotaan kualitas jaringan internet jelek, sedang, bagus, dan sangat bagus. Hasil pengujian sistem yang dilakukan terhadap jaringan internet yang ada pada Balai Besar Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika Wilayah I Medan menunjukkan keluaran sistem diagnosa kualitas jaringan intenet yang sangat baik, sehingga sistem diagnosa kualitas jaringan ini dapat dimanfaatkan.
Sistem Informasi Penjualan Kedai Almarsa Dengan menggunakan Metode Waterfall
Authors: Herlina Herlina , Sulistiya Medika , Altriara Nikmatur Hikmah , Azizah Nurul , Hartanti Yulistiana Eka , Putra M. Gilvy Langgawan
Published: August 2021

Kedai Almarsa merupakan kedai kopi tempat berkumpulnya orang-orang yang ingin menikmati seduhan kopi atau hanya sekedar bersantai dengan kerabat. Ramainya orang-orang yang berdatangan terkadang membuat antrian panjang pada kedai tersebut. Minimnya karyawan yang bekerja pada kedai, juga membuat karyawan kesulitan dalam hal melakukan pencatatan pesanan. Proses pemesanan dan pembayaran pada kedai yang masih manual memungkinkan terjadinya kesalahan dalam pemrosesan pemesanan dan pembayaran pada kedai serta dapat menghambat kinerja karyawan. Oleh karena itu, dibuatlah Sistem Informasi Pemesanan Kedai Almarsa (SIPEKA) untuk mempermudah sistem pemesanan maupun pembayaran yang ada pada almarsa kopi tanpa harus mengantri terlebih dahulu. SIPEKA ini dapat digunakan oleh pelanggan dan karyawan sebagai sistem pemesanan pada Kedai Almarsa Kopi. Selain untuk melakukan pemesanan, sistem almarsa kopi juga bisa digunakan untuk melakukan pembayaran secara non tunai. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada pembuatan SIPEKA adalah menggunakan metode Waterfall yang terdiri dari requirement definition, system and software design, implementation, integration and system testing, dan maintenance. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan adalah SIPEKA dapat memberikan fitur pemesanan secara online, fitur keranjang, fitur rekomendasi minuman, fitur riwayar pemesanan dan transaksi, serta fitur notifikasi update pesanan
THE EFFECT OF IDIOM INSTRUCTION ON EFL TEENAGE LEARNERS’ RETENTION OF IDIOMS
Authors: Diem My Vo Thi , Loi Nguyen Van
Published: August 2021

The present study investigated the effect of idiom instruction on EFL teenage learners’ retention of idiom knowledge. The focused techniques used in the intervention were contextual clues, L1-L2 idiom comparison and pictures. Thirty common English idioms were introduced to 37 pre-intermediate Vietnamese students in a private language center in the Mekong delta. During the experiment, idiom tests, IKT and VKSIT, were employed to gauge the effect of instruction on the learners’ knowledge. The intervention was controlled carefully for each single technique so that the effects of each technique could be seen clearly. Along with classroom observations for tracking objectives and procedures of instruction, face-to-face interviews were employed for gaining the insights into the learners’ attitudes towards learning idioms. The findings showed that all of the participants’ posttest results in both IKT and VKSIT were much higher than their pretest results. These results suggested the positive effect of idiom instruction on learners’ retention. Moreover, the interviews showed that the use of pictures was the most preferred learning technique of the three. These findings added pedagogical values of these techniques in teaching idioms. Suggestions were made to enhance learner attitudes towards idiom learning.

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A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF NEWS ARTICLE ON WORK FROM HOME
Authors: Madon Hariyani , Fadzil Intan Liyana Mohd , Rahmat Noor Hanim
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses the use of rhetorical elements in a newspaper article published by Bloomberg, entitled Three Hours Longer, the Pandemic Workday Has Obliterated Work-Life Balance. Four keywords (‘rhetorical analysis’, ‘news article’, ‘work from home’, ‘COVID-19’) were used to identify the rhetorical elements in the news article. This is a mixed method analysis where the data is qualitative, but the analysis is done both quantitatively and qualitatively. The newspaper articles were analysed by using the Ethos, Logos and Pathos rhetorical structure. Firstly, Ethos, Logos and Pathos was clearly defined. Secondly, these elements were broken into subcategories of their own. What makes up Ethos is its credibility, expectations and reference. Logos has three sub categories which are clarity, conciseness, and arrangement. Lastly, Pathos is made up of tone, emphasis and engagement. Implications that were faced when analysing this document was that there were negative perceptions from employees in interviews conducted on the subject of working from home. Therefore, readers will interpret and view working from home gives more issues and challenges rather than benefits.

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POTENTIEL ARGUMENTATIF DES FORMES DISCURSIVES DE LA DOXA : CAS DES PONCIFS / ARGUMENTATIVE POTENTIAL OF DISCURSIVE FORMS OF DOXA: THE CASE OF PONCIFS
Authors: Ogandoabaga Nimpa Jeanne d’Arc
Published: August 2021

Les formes de la doxa ont très souvent été utilisées comme des prémisses dans les processus d’argumentation. Au nombre de ces formes, nous considérons les poncifs et examinons dans cet article leur potentiel argumentatif. Faisant fond sur les considérations rhétoriques, notamment celles portant sur les positions probables que peut occuper un argument dans un processus discursif à visée persuasive telles qu’explicitées par Perelman, nous montrons que les poncifs sont propres à assumer une fonction argumentative autant en position croissante, décroissante que nestorienne. Il apparait ainsi qu’en marge des visées axiologiques, stylistiques socioculturelles, etc., les poncifs, perçus comme des thèmes, restent à l’œuvre dans toute production littéraire voire artistique à portée argumentative, du fait qu’ils sont des points sur lesquels s’accordent tout locuteur avec son auditoire et surtout qu’ils sont incontournables dans une chaine discursive.

The forms of doxa have very often been used as premises in argumentation processes. Among these forms, we consider the poncifs and examine in this paper their argumentative potential. Based on rhetorical considerations, particularly those relating to the probable positions that may be occupied by an argument in a persuasive discursive process, as explained by Perelman, we show that the poncifs are suitable for assuming an argumentative function in increasing, decreasing and Nestorian position. It thus appears that apart from axiological, stylistic, sociocultural considerations, etc., the poncifs, seen as themes, affect any literary or even artistic production with an argumentative aim, because they are points on which any speaker agrees with his audience and especially since they are essential in a discursive chain.

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THE COHESION OF MARRIAGE AND CIRCUMCISION TEXTS IN ALAS LANGUAGE
Authors: Selian Salamuddin
Published: August 2021

In this study, this paper focuses on analyzing the cohesion on the texts which related to the marriage and circumcision ceremonies in Alas language. There are two texts for each ceremony which contain the wisdom and advice addressed and given during the circumstances. The paper employed an analytical descriptive qualitative method that is aimed at describing the words, sentences and discourse of these cultural events. The finding showed that every data or text has a cohesion realization contained in each text or each text from texts 1 to 4. Texts 1-2 are about marriage; texts 3 and 4 are about circumcision. The cohesion of each text is determined by the completeness and frequency of occurrence or use of cohesion tools, namely (1) referents, (2) ellipsis/substitution, (3) conjunctions and (4) lexical cohesion and are all contained in the text itself.

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MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS OF BUDGET DEFICIT IN NIGERIA
Authors: Akamobi Obiageli Gloria , Unachukwu Ijeoma Blessing
Published: August 2021

This study probed the macroeconomic effects of budget deficit in Nigeria. Specifically, it seeks to probe the effect of budget deficit on private investment and public investment in Nigeria by adopting the ADF unit root test and ARDL model, Granger Causality test and the short-run diagnostics and stability using annual time series data covering 37 years from 1981 to 2019. The variables employed include – Growth rate of real gross domestic product, private investment (Gross Fixed Capital Formation) as a percentage of GDP, public investment measured as ratio government capital expenditure to GDP, budget deficit, money supply measured as ratio of GDP, inflation rate measured by annual year-on-year inflation rate, interest rate, labour force participation rate. The research findings admitted that, budget deficit have positive and significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. Therefore, government budget deficit has no crowding out effect on investment. The study also reveals that budget deficit has negative and insignificant impact on private investment in Nigeria. In addition, further investigation shows budget deficit have positive and significant impact on public investment in Nigeria. Also, the study asserts that there is unidirectional causality running from budget deficit to economic growth, private investment and public investment. Based on the research findings of this study, Government must ensure and maintain strong fiscal discipline without compromising the wellbeing of the citizenry by allocating budget spending to sectors that can translate the deficit into high economic growth both in the short and long runs. Furthermore, budget deficit financing in Nigeria should be focused on the productive sectors of the economy. This is because deficit financing has merely resulted in economic instability indicating that sound policies are needed to achieve economic stability in Nigeria.

JEL: E02, H61, E22

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WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL DISTRESS OF NON-FINANCIAL COMPANIES LISTED AT THE NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE
Authors: Muigai Robert Gitau , Nasieku Tabitha
Published: August 2021

Financial distress is a common global phenomenon among the corporate entities. Locally, there is overwhelming evidence of firms that have undertaken financial restructuring, delisted from the exchange market, gone into receivership and subsequently liquidated on account of financial distress. This study therefore set out to examine the way in which management of working capital affects financial distress of non-financial firms listed at the Nairobi Securities exchange. In fulfilling this objective, the study sought to establish how cash management, inventory management and accounts receivables management effects financial distress of non-financial firms listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange. The free cash flows theory, Precautionary motive theory, financing advantage theory and liquidity theory formed the theoretical basis of the study. The study adopted longitudinal research design and collected secondary data over ten years period (2009-2018) from a census of the 40 non-financial firms listed in Nairobi Securities exchange. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to obtain the initial overview of the data collected. Inferential statistical analysis was undertaken using the F and t-tests at 95% confidence level. The study found that cash management had a positive and significant effect on the firms’ distress index. Further, the study revealed that inventory holding period was negatively and significantly related to the firms’ financial distress index. The study also showed that suppliers’ payment period had a positive and significant effect on financial distress indicator. The study however depicted a negative but insignificant relationship between receivables period and financial distress. The study recommended that the management of non-financial listed firms should ensure appropriate management of working capital components in order to guard against instances of corporate financial distress

JEL: O15; J24; L20

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MORPHOLOGICAL-CONDITIONAL PARAMETERS OF THE FINALIST FIFA WORLD CUP 2018
Authors: Joksimović Marko , Anđelić Milan , Goranović Kosta , Lilić Ana , Ćeremidžić Dejan , Gardašević Novica , Raičković Niko
Published: August 2021

The FIFA World Cup (FWC) is a football (soccer) tournament that happens every four years, gathering 31 national teams world-wide who have secured qualification and the host team. In order to gain more knowledge and information about football, it seemed necessary to analyze the periods of activity during the match. The analysis and characteristics of the effort during the match aims to enable fine modeling of activities in order to assess the specificity of playing positions, to adjust the content of training in order to improve the sports preparation of players and to guide and make tactical decisions. The aim of the research was to determine the differences in the morphological and fitness parameters of the finalists of the FWC 2018, as well as to obtain basic data on the character of the physical parameters of the two teams during the match, the final. Statistically significant differences were recorded in the variable distance traveled in ball possession (in poss) with statistical significance of p <.001, while in other variables no statistical significance was recorded. These results provide information to sports scientists on performance requirements in teams with different percentages of ball possession, which could be used to individualize dual training based on tactical strategy and visual-exploratory action of players during a football game.

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“A MAIOR FLOR DO MUNDO”: FROM LITERATURE TO FILM – A STUDY IN COMPARATIVE LITERATURE
Authors: Cardoso Luis , Baptista Andreia
Published: August 2021

This article is a comparative study between José Saramago's “A Maior Flor do Mundo”, published in 2001, and its film adaptation made in 2007 by filmmaker Juan Pablo Etcheverry. Based on the discussion of the similarities and differences between the text and the film, it is intended to demonstrate that a film adaptation can add value to the narrative, through the inclusion of scenarios, characters, colours and sounds, which make it more understandable in the eyes of children. After a theoretical contextualization of the concepts of comparative literature, children's literature, adaptation and film adaptation, in the first part of this article we discuss the moral messages that José Saramago intends to transmit and the importance of this literary work in the child's individual, pedagogical and intellectual development. In the second part of the article, the characteristics of both works - literary and film - are compared, namely, the plot of both stories and the creative and moral sense of José Saramago and Juan Pablo Etcheverry.

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