bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creatine Kinase Is Associated With Recurrent Stroke and Functional Outcomes of Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Li Shiyu , Wang Anxin , Zhang Yijun , Tian Xue , Meng Xia , Wang Yilong , Li Hao , Wang Yongjun
Published: March 2022

Background

Many patients after stroke are found to have elevated serum creatine kinase (CK). This study aimed to investigate the associations between serum CK levels and clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.

Methods and Results

The study included 8910 patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack from the CNSR‐III (Third China National Stroke Registry). Baseline serum CK levels after admission were measured. The associations between CK and clinical outcomes (stroke recurrence, death, and disability, defined as modified Rankin scale score 3–6 or 2–6) were analyzed. Patients with elevated CK levels had higher risks of recurrent stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 1.53; 95% CI, 1.21–1.93), death (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.10–2.58), and disability (modified Rankin scale score, 3–6; odds ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.29–1.90) at 3 months after adjusting confounding factors. Similar results were found at 1 year. The effects of CK on death and disability were more significant in male patients than female patients (
P
value for interaction <0.05). Elevated CK‐MB levels were not associated with clinical outcomes in this study.

Conclusions

Elevated serum CK after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack is associated with higher risks of recurrent stroke, death, and disability at 3 months and 1 year. Serum CK may act as a useful predictor for recurrent stroke and poor functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Sex modifies the relationship between elevated CK and disability or death.
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Patients With Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia a Systematic Review
Authors: Aguiar de Sousa Diana , Romoli Michele , Sánchez Van Kammen Mayte , Heldner Mirjam R. , Zini Andrea , Coutinho Jonathan M. , Arnold Marcel , Ferro José M.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) has recently been reported as a common thrombotic manifestation in association with vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia, a syndrome that mimics heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and occurs after vaccination with adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. We aimed to systematically review the incidence, clinical features, and prognosis of CVT occurring in patients with HIT.

Methods:

The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021249652). MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched up to June 1, 2021 for HIT case series including >20 patients, or any report of HIT-related CVT. Demographic, neuroradiological, clinical, and mortality data were retrieved. Meta-analysis of proportions with random-effect modeling was used to derive rate of CVT in HIT and in-hospital mortality. Pooled estimates were compared with those for CVT without HIT and HIT without CVT, to determine differences in mortality.

Results:

From 19073 results, we selected 23 case series of HIT (n=1220) and 27 cases of HIT-related CVT (n=27, 71% female). CVT developed in 1.6% of 1220 patients with HIT (95% CI,1.0%–2.5%,
I
2
=0%). Hemorrhagic brain lesions occurred in 81.8% of cases of HIT-related CVT and other concomitant thrombosis affecting other vascular territory was reported in 47.8% of cases. In-hospital mortality was 33.3%. HIT-related CVT carried a 29% absolute increase in mortality rate compared with historical CVT controls (33.3% versus 4.3%,
P
<0.001) and a 17.4% excess mortality compared with HIT without CVT (33.3% versus 15.9%,
P
=0.046).

Conclusions:

CVT is a rare thrombotic manifestation in patients with HIT. HIT-related CVT has higher rates of intracerebral hemorrhage and a higher mortality risk, when compared with CVT in historical controls. The recently reported high frequency of CVT in patients with vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia was not observed in HIT, suggesting that additional pathophysiological mechanisms besides anti-platelet factor-4 antibodies might be involved in vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia-related CVT.
Association of Intravenous Alteplase, Early Reperfusion, and Clinical Outcome in Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke: Post Hoc Analysis of the Randomized DIRECT-MT Trial
Authors: Zhou Yu , Zhang Lei , Ospel Johanna , Goyal Mayank , McDonough Rosalie , Xing Pengfei , Li Zifu , Zhang Xiaoxi , Zhang Yongxin , Zhang Yongwei , Hong Bo , Xu Yi , Huang Qinghai , Li Qiang , Yu Ying , Zuo Qiao , Ye Xiaofei , Yang Pengfei , Liu Jianmin ,   on behalf of the DIRECT-MT Investigators
Published: March 2022

Background:

The added value of intravenous alteplase in reperfusing ischemic brain tissue in patients undergoing endovascular treatment and directly presented to an endovascular treatment-capable hospital is uncertain. We conducted this post hoc analysis of a randomized trial (DIRECT-MT [Direct Intraarterial Thrombectomy in Order to Revascularize Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion Efficiently in Chinese Tertiary Hospitals: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial]) to explore the association of intravenous alteplase, early (preendovascular treatment) reperfusion, and clinical outcome and to determine factors which may modify alteplase treatment effect on early reperfusion.

Methods:

In this post hoc analysis of the DIRECT-MT randomized trial comparing intravenous alteplase before endovascular treatment versus endovascular treatment only, 623 of 656 randomized patients, with adequate angiographic evaluation for early reperfusion assessment, were included. The association of intravenous alteplase and early reperfusion (defined as expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score ≥2a on angiogram) was assessed using unadjusted comparisons and multivariable logistic regression.

Results:

Among 623 patients included (317 received intravenous alteplase and 306 did not), early reperfusion occurred in 91 (15%) patients and was associated with better functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2 of 49/91 [54%] versus 178/531 [34%]; adjusted odds ratio, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.15–3.21];
P
<0.001). Intravenous alteplase was independently associated with early reperfusion (59/317 [19%] versus 32/306 [10%]; adjusted odds ratio, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.27–3.33];
P
=0.003), and the alteplase effect was modified by time from randomization to groin puncture (dichotomized by median, ≤33 minutes; adjusted odds ratio, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.53–2.10] versus >33 minutes; adjusted odds ratio, 4.07 [95% CI, 1.86–8.86];
P
interaction
=0.012).

Conclusions:

For patients with large vessel occlusion directly presenting to an endovascular treatment–capable hospital, intravenous alteplase increases early reperfusion when endovascular treatment gets delayed more than approximately half an hour. Thus, intravenous alteplase should be considered if endovascular treatment delays are anticipated by the treating medical team.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03469206.
Environmental and biological drivers of prevalence and number of eggs and oocysts of intestinal parasites in red howler monkeys from Central Amazonia
Authors: de Souza Jesus Anamélia , de Oliveira-Ramalho Miguell Lemos , El Bizri Hani R. , Valsecchi João , Mayor Pedro
Published: March 2022

Host-parasite relationships can be directly affected by host’s biological aspects and environmental factors, which influence both the survival of infective forms and the incidence of parasites. However, logistical difficulties in accessing biological samples for parasitological studies makes the Amazon Forest into a poorly known region in relation to the dynamic of parasites of wild animals. Here, using 34 red howler monkeys’ biological samples donated by local subsistence hunters from two Amazon habitat types (white-water flooded forest and upland forest) as an opportune alternative, we detected four intestinal parasite taxa infecting this species (two nematodes – Trypanoxyuris sp. and Strongyloides sp., one protozoan – Entamoeba sp. –, and one not-identified trematode, the last just found for white-water flooded forest). Trypanoxyuris was the most prevalent intestinal parasite (56.5% at flooded forest and 54.5% at upland forest). There was no difference between habitat types or individual sex regarding the prevalence for any parasite taxa. On the other hand, we found a strong influence of seasonality, with increasing prevalence of all parasite taxa as the river water level increased. In terms of egg and cyst counts, we found a difference between sexes (females > males, p = 0.002) and habitat types (upland forest > white-water flooded forest, p = 0.02), and a positive relationship with river water level (p = 0.002). Although some of these parasite taxa can be shared between humans and howlers, further investigations are necessary to study the parasites taxonomy thoroughly and to assess the potential zoonotic cross-transmission of these pathogens to local people living in the Amazon. In this study, we unveiled a seasonal effect for howler monkeys’ intestinal parasites, that also might occur in other non-human primates of the Amazon. In addition, our results on periods of high risk of intestinal parasite infection are useful to estimate future impacts of climate change on host-parasite dynamics.
More Corrections to Kenyon’s Text of Papyrus 963 (Numbers, Deuteronomy)
Authors: Wagner Nicholas Eugene
Published: March 2022

The note addresses omissions in Frederic Kenyon’s edition of the Chester Beatty Library P. Bibl. 6 (Rahlfs 963), a papyrus codex containing large portions of Numbers and Deuteronomy.
Nomina Sacra in Libro Iob: Theological Exegesis in Verses of Job LXX Containing ὁ θεός and ὁ κύριος without Any Counterpart in MT?
Authors: Beeckman Bryan
Published: March 2022

Recently, more attention has been paid to the theology of the different LXX books. In order to examine whether the LXX books attest a different theology than their Hebrew counterparts, I have recently analysed the theology of Proverbs LXX by means of a new approach: the analysis of the additional attestations of ὁ θεός and ὁ κύριος without any counterpart in MT. Since this approach focuses on the explicit differences between MT and the LXX, the analysis of these additional attestations might elicit a specific theology. In this paper I will analyse the additional attestations of ὁ θεός and ὁ κύριος in Job LXX in order to examine whether or not the Greek version attests a different theology than the Hebrew version. Moreover, the results of this analysis will also be compared with the results on Proverbs LXX in order to provide an indicative answer to the question whether both books were translated by the same translator.
On the Origins of Evil in the Priestly Primeval History
Authors: Bührer Walter
Published: March 2022

The priestly Primeval History unmistakably depicts the fundamentally conflictual existence of humans on earth through the growth of the human population before the flood in Gen 5 and through the reordering of the world after the flood in Gen 9. The text encapsulates this conflictual existence with the word חמס “violence” (6:11, 13). Gen 5 in its original form, attested by the Samaritan Pentateuch, shows the decline of humanity. Thus, the priestly Primeval History states clearly how it conceptualizes evil and how evil came into the world.
Hate Speech as a Politico-Religious Tool in Contemporary Zimbabwe
Authors: Sande Nomatter , Maforo Byron
Published: March 2022

The dawn of the new second Republic of Zimbabwe raised the hopes of the people of Zimbabwe for a moment. Zimbabwe has experienced diverse challenges, including socioeconomic meltdowns, a decline in the rule of law, and human rights abuse. To address these challenges politicians and religious leaders use ‘hate speech’ to express their ideologies and criticise their opponents’ struggle to win people. The availability of social media has made it easy for these attacking statements to reach a wider audience. Through documentary analysis, this article explores how politicians and religious leaders use hate speech as electioneering and a response to the problems bedeviling Zimbabwe. This study concludes that hate speech from politicians and religious leaders is socialising some Zimbabweans into violent, angry individuals, murderers, and vandals. The problem of hate speech is that it creates violence, causes psychological effects, dehumanises people, and conditions a negative national trait.
Rufinus and the Reimagination of Pliny’s Correspondence with Trajan (HE 3.33)
Authors: Hanaghan Michael Peter
Published: March 2022

Rufinus’ account of Pliny the Younger’s correspondence with Trajan regarding the treatment of Christians (Ep. 10.96–7) differs from Eusebius’ in three important ways: linking persecution to internal divisions within the Church; accentuating Pliny’s compassion for the Christian dead; and removing his skepticism regarding the Christian worship of a divine Christ. This article analyses these changes in light of Rufinus’ early fifth century context, especially the development of the cult of martyrs in northern Italy, and the Theodosian use of Trajan in imperial representations.
Eusebian Canon Ten in Codex Fuldensis
Authors: Barker James W.
Published: March 2022

Eusebius of Caesarea innovated a system for locating Gospel parallels by sorting hundreds of sections into ten canons. Two centuries later, Victor of Capua produced Codex Fuldensis, a Vulgate New Testament replacing the separate Gospels with a harmony and the Eusebian apparatus. Whereas Eusebius’s Canon X demarcated unparalleled material, Victor’s scribe repeatedly wrote Canon X within episodes occurring in other Gospels. I argue that these paratextual solecisms illuminate the production of the codex. Victor occasionally wrote a single section number in the margin of his Vorlage to direct his scribe. The scribe then mislabeled the passage as Canon X. In later centuries, copies of the Fuldensis harmony reflect various attempts to correct these mistaken references. Paratextual criticism offers a new way to sort the Latin descendants of the Fuldensis text.
Legal vs. Extra-Legal Responses to Public Health Emergencies
Authors: Günther Christian M.
Published: March 2022

There is a long-established claim that emergency action through the law is impossible, or bound to be ineffective. This article seeks to challenge this position by reference to the response of many European states to the Coronavirus pandemic and by drawing on Lon Fuller’s theory of law. It argues that there are a number of reasons why a fragmentation of governance between ordinary, legal action and emergency, extra-legal action is neither necessary nor desirable in this specific context. In societies that are generally rule of law compliant governance according to formal legal principles is not only constraining, it also possesses the quality of a ‘liberating limitation’, creating the room for effective, sustainable action. Too little has been made of this positive dimension of the legal form as an instrument for emergency action.
Another Look at the Curse in Sefire I A 24
Authors: Cook Edward M.
Published: March 2022

The curse found in the Sefire Treaty inscription I A 24 (KAI 222) has resisted a consensus interpretation. A recent study by J. Dušek points the way to a more accurate understanding. Further refinement yields a coherent curse, focused on the reversal of the masculinity of the treaty-breakers’ army and the consequent neutralisation of its martial effectiveness.
The Limiting Effects of Inconclusive Gubernatorial Elections towards the Democratic Consolidation of the Nigerian State
Authors: Obiagu Uchenna C. , Abada Ifeanyichukwu M. , Mbah Peter O. , Ezirim Gerald E. , Omeh Paul H. , Udeh Celestine O.
Published: March 2022

Inconclusive (delayed) elections are fairly a common phenomenon in the practice of representative democracy. In Nigeria, however, they are occasionally allowed to happen and sometimes stage-managed to serve the calculated interests of power centres. Thus, this study inserted in the debate on inconclusive elections and democratic consolidation by investigating the limiting effects of inconclusive gubernatorial elections (IGEs) in Nigeria. The study argued that the Nigerian leaders learned during colonisation and inherited during decolonisation the warped conception of politics as a means of personal enrichment against its service-driven notion. Since the state activities revolve around its power and power is popularly acquired through elections, the election period in Nigeria becomes contentious and controversial or destructive and divisive with its undermining effects on democratic consolidation. The research follows a documentary approach and leverages the information explosion and availability that characterise contemporary times. The systematic examination of the literature shows that the duo of electoral malpractice and violence accounts for the contentious electoral credibility and voter participation (indicating democratic consolidation), leading to the rising IGEs in Nigeria. The findings suggest the imperative for immediate comprehensive electoral rectification to enthrone a renewed electoral system premised on digital election technology that will produce leaders with innocreative ideas and merits for purposeful leadership and good governance in Nigeria as self-serving leaders are disasters to any nation.
« Humanisme », ou animalisme ? Controverses sur l’animal à la Renaissance
Authors: Correard Nicolas
Published: March 2022

Les lettrés de la Renaissance ayant pris le parti de la miseria hominis ont parfois célébré, dans les pas de Plutarque, une paradoxale dignitas animalis. Vanter l’excellence morale et intellectuelle des animaux ne relève pas seulement de l’exercice rhétorique, mais peut stimuler une observation nouvelle de la réalité animale, dont témoigne le cas de Girolamo Rorario. Poussant d’un degré plus loin le décentrement philosophique, une série de dialogues, comme la Circe de Giambattista Gelli, met en scène la parole critique des bêtes, questionnant les présupposés de l’anthropocentrisme. Qu’il y ait eu matière à des premières polémiques sur l’animal, avant celles qu’engendreront le cartésianisme, le cas de l’Espagne le montre enfin, autour des thèses controversées d’Antonio Gómez Pereira. La notion confuse d’« humanisme » a peut-être occulté, aux yeux de l’historiographie moderne, les profondes remises en cause de l’échelle des êtres qui se jouent à la Renaissance.
L’ijmāʿ dans la recherche occidentale, depuis la Seconde Guerre
Authors: Abou Ramadan Moussa
Published: March 2022

Les écrits sur l’ijmāʿ peuvent être divisés selon leur objet en trois parties : 1° l’origine de ce concept ; 2° la discussion de la validité de cette source ; 3° les travaux qui prétendent à l’exhaustivité et 4° les traductions. Il n’y a pas de ligne directrice ou une thèse principale qui conduirait ces études du fait de la fragmentation du champ étudié, de la diversification des approches et des époques.
Joseph Schacht et l’histoire du Fiqh : de la « pratique umayyade » à la « jurisprudence muḥammadienne »
Authors: Benkheira Hocine
Published: March 2022

J. Schacht a été le premier islamisant occidental à mettre en place une démarche d’ensemble pour approcher la littérature juridique islamique. On propose ici de lire son livre majeur The Origins of Muḥammadan Juirsprudence (1950, 1953) afin de mettre en valeur ses principales thèses.
A la recherche d’une définition du qiyās selon Ibn Ḥanbal
Authors: Daaïf Lahcen
Published: March 2022

Personne ne conteste désormais que les vives condamnations, par Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal (m. 241/855), de toutes espèces d’opinions personnelles en matière de religion ciblent également le raisonnement par analogie (qiyās). Faudrait-il pour autant se contenter de cette affirmation pour prétendre avoir cerné la position d’Ibn Ḥanbal sur le raisonnement analogique ? Suffirait-elle à nous éviter la conclusion erronée selon laquelle le qiyās est entièrement exclu du système juridique de l’éponyme du ḥanbalisme, comme le prétendaient certains islamologues ? Plus précisément, où en est la recherche au juste sur le qiyās du point de vue d’Ibn Ḥanbal ?
La formation du madhhab imāmite : étude historiographique
Authors: Halawi Wissam H.
Published: March 2022

L’histoire de la formation du madhhab (école juridique) imāmite a été moins investie par les historiens que celle des écoles juridiques sunnites. Des évolutions notables ont toutefois eu lieu ces dernières décennies. Cet article examine les différentes thèses avancées par les spécialistes pour décrire l’élaboration d’une herméneutique juridique et d’un droit substantiel (fiqh) propres à la communauté duodécimaine. Trois périodes clefs sont analysées : celle des imāms historiques, les maîtres de l’ésotérisme islamique pour les uns, les premiers fondateurs d’une doctrine juridique shīʿite pour les autres. Nous nous attardons ensuite sur la période bouyide où un madhhab imāmite à proprement parler voit le jour sous l’impulsion des savants shīʿites rationalistes, en particulier al-Shaykh al-Mufīd (m. 413/1022). La question de l’orthodoxisation du shīʿisme est également posée, en intégrant le principe sunnite de l’ijmāʿ (consensus) mais aussi en adoptant, au fil des siècles, l’opinion personnelle (raʾy) et l’analogie (qiyās). Une attention particulière est enfin portée sur les aḥkām al-arbaʿa (Quatre Préceptes) dans le droit imāmite, qui distinguent le droit substantiel duodécimain du fiqh sunnite.
Les actes notariés en droit musulman (VIIIe-XVIe siècles)
Authors: Müller Christian
Published: March 2022

Cet article de synthèse propose un bilan des principales éditions scientifiques de documents notariés en langue arabe, publiés pendant ces vingt dernières années. Il décrit par ailleurs les nouvelles méthodes en lien avec les humanités numériques qui permettent d’analyser ces spécimens, dans une perspective comparative, en tant que vestiges de la pratique juridique du VIIIe au XVe siècle. Enfin, il conclut par une approche chronologique, mettant en relation la pratique notariale et la pensée juridique dans le cadre du droit musulman.
Amnesty and Surrender in the White Lotus War
Authors: McCaffrey Cecily
Published: March 2022

This study focuses on amnesty and surrender in the White Lotus war (1796–1804) from the rebel perspective. Offers of amnesty corresponded to Confucian norms regarding the relationship between rulers and subjects and were regularly utilized throughout the war by the court and its officials as a tool to pacify and succor the people. Paternalistic language about the proper behavior of good subjects notwithstanding, the rebels acted of their own accord. The rebels made strategic decisions about amnesty and surrender and sought the advantage when opportunities arose; their responses to amnesty proclamations accordingly alternated between engagement and opposition. Over the course of the revolt, there was significant resistance to pacification initiatives from the rebel side. Rebel intransigence detracted from the efficacy of amnesty policies and compelled the court to adapt its tactics. In sum, viewing state policies of appeasement from the rebel side reveals the contingencies governing decisions to surrender and further demonstrates that the contest over amnesty and surrender was an important component of the overall conflict.
The Resilience of Syrian Agriculture
Authors: Matar Linda
Published: March 2022

This article assesses Syria’s agriculture under conflict by employing newly published official data up until 2019. It explains how the land reforms of the 1960s and state support for the farming sector have represented a buffer against hunger and famine as Syria was plunged into war. It reviews Syria’s agricultural history from the period after independence until the year of the uprising. The fact that Syria, despite a decade of war has survived without famine vindicates the point that state support for agriculture in developing formations is central to food, development and national securities. Insofar as reconstruction effort is concerned, a re-emphasis on rejuvenating the farming sector can become the building block to enhancing capacity across all other sectors. The paper concludes that resilience in agriculture and nationally nurtured food security in Syria have supplemented its capabilities to fend off the imperialist assault and safeguard territorial integrity.
The Deepening of Legal Preemption in China: Using Government Legal Aid to Demobilize Workers and their Advocates
Authors: Halegua Aaron
Published: March 2022

For over two decades, China has implemented a “legal preemption” strategy of encouraging workers to enforce their legal rights through litigation in order to preempt their tendency toward collective action. During most of this period, there was some space for unlicensed “barefoot lawyers” and labor nongovernmental organizations (ngo s) to provide meaningful assistance to workers by representing them in this litigation process. This article argues that even those limited openings for civil society participation in this area have narrowed as China’s legal preemption strategy has deepened: the government has sought not only to steer workers into the litigation process but also to control who represents them in that process and which tactics they may use. Specifically, the government ramped up its own legal aid programs, in which licensed lawyers beholden to the state represent workers, in order to squeeze out unregulated barefoot lawyers and labor ngo s. The article describes how and why this was done. The article then considers the implications of this transition for workers seeking legal representation and the future of China’s labor ngo s.
The Emergence of Religious Populism? Insights from Israel, India, and Turkey
Authors: Tepe Sultan , Simonds Keith , Dirksen Michael C.
Published: March 2022

Although the concept of “populism” remains contested, many studies classify populist parties as left-right, ignoring important variations. Focusing on three populist parties that are often classified as right-wing: Israel’s Likud, India’s Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and Turkey’s Justice and Development Party (AKP), we question how these parties and their leaders deploy religious symbols and discourse to draw the boundaries between “us” and “others,” define their stances on refugee, poverty, and water-related issues. The multilayered comparison shows that religion not only facilitates communication of these parties’ positions, but it informs their policies; more important, it allows parties to maintain what appear to be contradictory approaches. Remarkable similarities in the Likud, BJP, and AKP parties’ policies show that these parties can be seen as neither left nor right-wing; instead, they form a new subset of populism, religious-populism that needs to be included in the populism debate to better analyze its impact on democracy.
Climate Change, Business, and Society: Building Relevance in Time and Space
Authors: Nyberg Daniel , Ferns George , Vachhani Sheena , Wright Christopher
Published: March 2022

Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing humanity and has become an area of growing focus in Business & Society. Looking back and reviewing climate change discussion within this journal highlights the importance of time and space in addressing the climate crisis. Looking forward, we extend existing research by theorizing and politicizing the co-implication of time and space through the concept of “space-time.” To illustrate this, we employ the logical structure of “the trace” to advance business and society scholarship on climate change by shifting the focus to a place-bound emphasis on climate impacts and directing scholarship toward climate change’s temporal markers and material effects. By operationalizing “the trace,” we contribute to Business & Society debates in three ways: (a) reimagining complex stakeholder relations, (b) advancing a performative understanding of climate risk, and (c) foregrounding planetary systems and the physical environment.
Universalism and Particularism: Exploring the nexus
Authors: Singh Palak , Parihar Gopal K.
Published: March 2022

This paper analyzes the conflictual relation that the concepts of “Universalism” and “Particularism” share and how the debate informs our understanding of human rights. To study the concept further, the paper takes the case of the current COVID-19 pandemic to explore the tensions and possible assimilations between universalistic and particularistic frameworks using empirical evidence to explore the intersectional impact on human rights in current times.
Chinese Management Studies: A Matched-Samples Meta-Analysis and Focused Review of Indigenous Theories
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Heugens Pursey P. M. A. R. , Wijen Frank , van Essen Marc
Published: March 2022

The field of Chinese management studies has grown tremendously over the past four decades. Management theories originating from the United States have remained dominant in the analysis of Chinese firms, prompting the question of how powerfully these Western lenses explain management practices in non-Western contexts. Through a matched-samples meta-analysis, which integrates matching techniques into meta-analysis, we compare the mean effect sizes for five classic Western management theories—institutional theory, resource dependence theory, the resource-based view, agency theory, and transaction cost theory—on 452 matched samples drawn from 1,028 U.S. and Chinese studies. Surprisingly, as compared to their U.S. counterparts, Chinese firms (a) are less responsive to coercive and mimetic pressures yet more subject to normative pressures, (b) establish fewer business relations when faced with resource dependencies and transaction costs, (c) extract more profit from managing generic strategic resources, and (d) are more sensitive to pay incentives and private blockholders. To understand the specificities of Chinese management practices, we furthermore conduct a focused review of the emerging literature on China-endemic explanations: political institutional imprinting theory, state-driven sustainable development, and China-endemic corporate governance. We conclude that indigenous theories effectively complement Western perspectives when accounting for Chinese management practices.
‘This isn’t forever for me’: Perceived employability and migrant gig work in Norway and Sweden
Authors: Newlands Gemma
Published: March 2022

Information asymmetry regarding local job prospects, imperfect portability of qualifications and a lack of host country language skills combine to reduce migrants’ perceptions of their own employability. As a result, platform mediated gig work has become a common labour market entry point for new migrants. However, there is a near-universal expectation among workers is that gig work will be undertaken short-term, rather than as the first step of a longer gig-career. While research has explored the individual and structural factors, there has been limited attention as to how the specific occupational context in which a worker is embedded can also shape workers’ perceived employability. In this article, I therefore present the results of 37 semi-structured interviews with migrant Foodora couriers across Norway and Sweden, exploring how the specific occupational context of gig work intersects with migrants’ perceived employability. This article identifies, firstly, that obtaining employment in gig work was not perceived to be a reflection of workers’ own local employability. Secondly, workers’ short-term temporal orientations shape how participants are able to cope with the physical, emotional and identity demands of gig work. Thirdly, workers have to re-frame their perceived employability in the face of what is perceived to be widespread discrimination in the local labour market context. Lastly, the specific occupational context of gig work was considered to be either of no value to future local employers, or a negative signal as to a worker’s skills and labour market integration.
A novel flax fibre composite material for stringed instrument fingerboards
Authors: Chabot Olivier , Lessard Larry , Dubé Martine
Published: March 2022

With growing restrictions on the exploitation and trade of current stringed musical instruments fingerboard materials such as ebony and rosewood, for economical and ethical reasons, instrument makers are looking for alternative materials. The present work describes the development of a homogeneous 60% bio-based flax fibre composite material with physical properties similar to commonly used fingerboard woods. As a proof of concept, prototype guitar neck was built using the material, demonstrating its compatibility with existing guitar manufacturing techniques.
Hypotension Prediction Score for Endotracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Patients: A Post Hoc Analysis of the HEMAIR Study
Authors: Smischney Nathan J. , Surani Salim R. , Montgomery Ashley , Franco Pablo Moreno , Callahan Cynthia , Demiralp Gozde , Tedja Rudy , Lee Sarah , Kumar Santhi I. , Khanna Ashish K.
Published: March 2022

Background

Hypotension with endotracheal intubation (ETI) is common and associated with adverse outcomes. We sought to evaluate whether a previously described hypotension prediction score (HYPS) for ETI is associated with worse patient outcomes and/or clinical conditions.

Methods

This study is a post hoc analysis of a prospective observational multicenter study involving adult (age ≥18 years) intensive care unit (ICU) patients undergoing ETI in which the HYPS was derived and validated on the entire cohort and a stable subset (ie, patients in stable condition). We evaluated the association between increasing HYPSs in both subsets and several patient-centered outcomes and clinical conditions.

Results

Complete data for HYPS calculations were available for 783 of 934 patients (84%). Logistic regression analysis showed increasing odds ratios (ORs) for the highest risk category for new-onset acute kidney injury (OR, 7.37; 95% CI, 2.58-21.08); new dialysis need (OR, 8.13; 95% CI, 1.74-37.91); ICU mortality (OR, 16.39; 95% CI, 5.99-44.87); and hospital mortality (OR, 18.65; 95% CI, 6.81-51.11). Although not increasing progressively, the OR for the highest risk group was significantly associated with new-onset hypovolemic shock (OR, 6.06; 95% CI, 1.47-25.00). With increasing HYPSs, median values (interquartile ranges) decreased progressively (lowest risk vs. highest risk) for ventilator-free days (23 [18-26] vs. 1 [0-21], P < .001) and ICU-free days (20 [11-24] vs. 0 [0-13], P < .001). Of the 729 patients in the stable subset, 598 (82%) had complete data for HYPS calculations. Logistic regression analysis showed significantly increasing ORs for the highest risk category for new-onset hypovolemic shock (OR, 7.41; 95% CI, 2.06-26.62); ICU mortality (OR, 5.08; 95% CI, 1.87-13.85); and hospital mortality (OR, 7.08; 95% CI, 2.63-19.07).

Conclusions

As the risk for peri-intubation hypotension increases, according to a validated hypotension prediction tool, so does the risk for adverse clinical events and certain clinical conditions.

Trial Registration

The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02508948).
YouTube Comments on Gene-Edited Babies: What Factors Affect Diverse Opinions in Comments?
Authors: Ji Jiaojiao , Hu Hongchao , Wei Shitong
Published: March 2022

This study explored the factors that influence video popularity and diverse opinions in the comments of YouTube videos about gene-edited babies. 107 most viewed videos and corresponding 56,912 direct comments about gene-edited babies were collected from YouTube. We examined how the uploader characteristics, delivery styles, video tones, and video frames affect the diverse opinions measured by sentiment polarity, sentiment divergence, and the number of topics in the commentary. The sentiments and topics of comments were analyzed using IBM Watson Natural Language Understanding. We found that more effective videos are relatively longer videos from user-created channels with a large number of subscribers and presented in a neutral tone, which is more likely to provide unbiased and comprehensive knowledge about gene-edited babies. Based on our findings, suggestions were made for viewers about how to pick high-quality content, and insights were provided for content creators about how to create compelling videos.
Effect of friction stir processing parameters on producing AA6061/ tungsten carbide nanocomposite
Authors: Zoalfakar Said H. , Mohamed Mostafa A. , Abdel Hamid M. , Megahed A. A.
Published: March 2022

Friction stir processing (FSP) is a modern manufacturing strategy for improving the surface characteristics of materials by modifying their surface via localized plastic deformation. This research focuses on optimization process parameters for tungsten carbide-reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy surface composite using FSP. The effect of the process parameters including tool rotational speed, transverse feed, number of passes, and tungsten carbide particles volume fractions, on ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and grain size of fabricated AA6061/WC surface nanocomposites are investigated. For four factors and three levels, the L27 Taguchi technique is used to formulate the experimental design. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine the significance and the percentage contribution of each parameter. The desirability approach is used to optimize the process parameters in terms of tensile strength and average grain size. The results indicate that the proper selection of FSP parameters results in a homogeneous distribution of the WC particles throughout the matrix thereby producing a defect-free AA6061/WC nanocomposite without voids. Also, the severe plastic deformation and heat generation during FSP causes the breaking of coarse particles, WC particles, elimination of porous holes and creates an ultrafine grain-sized structure via dynamic recrystallization. Furthermore, it was concluded that the transverse feed is the most significant factor for ultimate tensile strength with 40.1% contribution whereas the number of passes is the most significant factor for grain size with a 34.7% contribution. The optimum combination of the current process parameters is found to be 1800 rpm rotation speed, 120 mm/min transverse feed, 4.3636% volume fraction, and 3- pass for optimum values of UTS and grain size. The surface composite developed in this work is considered appropriate material for applications requiring lightweight and improved surface properties, such as aerospace, automotive, marine, defense and transportation industries.
Sustainable design and development of commercial system cleanser unit for trimmers
Authors: Rajkumar N Ganesh , Khan M. Adam , Rajesh S , Hamid Khan B Shahul
Published: March 2022

A product design and development process has been adopted to study and improve the sustainability of trimmer System Cleanser. A hair trimmer with liquid detergent in cartridge is fixed as a cleaner system to design and analyse. The 3D model of the system is designed with NX CAD software. The modification is cartridge unit is made on counter face to increase the turbulence of the fluid in the wash zone. The file has been extracted and imported in LS Dyna for meshing the model for detergent liquid flow analysis. The velocity vector and pressure magnitude of the fluid flow is analysed through a StarCCM + higher fluid analysis software. The input process condition of the pump in cartridge assemble unit has a speed 2000 rpm and velocity of the liquid as 1 m/s. From the analysis, the suction pressure noticed at the pump zone is 950 Pa and the discharge of fluid in the pump is 850–900 Pa at wash zone. Difference in fluid velocity found decreased and it is in the range of 0.8 to 0.95 m/s. The predominant factor in the design is alternate openings in case baffle has increased the turbulence in pressure and the velocity of the fluid found same.
Working Alone, Limited Restroom Accessibility, and Poor Menstrual Health Among Cosmetics Saleswomen in South Korea
Authors: Choi Bokyoung , Yoon Jaehong , Kim Ji-Hwan , Yoo Junghun , Sorensen Glorian , Kim Seung-Sup
Published: March 2022

Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) at work has been neglected in occupational health research despite its importance for female workers’ health. This study investigated the association between hours of working alone and poor menstrual health among 740 cosmetics saleswomen in South Korea. Hours of working alone in a day were classified into 4 categories. MHM was measured by asking “Over the past six months, have you ever experienced that you could not change your sanitary pad when you need to change it at work?” We also measured the experience of dermatopathy due to unchanged sanitary pads. Cosmetics saleswomen who worked alone for 3 h or more in a day reported a higher prevalence of ever being unable to change the sanitary pads (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37–2.46) and dermatopathy due to unchanged sanitary pads (PR 2.06, 95% CI: 1.18–3.59) than those who worked alone less than 1 h in a day.
Telephone-Supported Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for People With Depression: Users’ Perspective
Authors: YOUNG Daniel KW , CARLBRING Per , NG Petrus YN , Chen Qi-rong Joseph
Published: March 2022

Background

Little is known from the perspective of service users on the quality and benefits of receiving telephone counseling in a guided Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (iCBT).

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate, from the user’s perspective, the feasibility, quality, and benefits of a telephone-supported iCBT which provided eight self-learned online modules and weekly telephone counseling from a social worker for people with depression.

Research design

This study adopted interpretive qualitative research, involving semi-structural in-depth individual interviews with participants.

Study sample

Purposive sampling method was adopted, involving ten adults receiving a diagnosis of depression and completing the telephone-supported iCBT.

Data collection and/or analysis

Qualitative content analysis was adopted, involving coding data and identifying themes.

Results

The telephone-supported iCBT was appreciated by service users by offering convenience, efficiency, anonymity, privacy, synchronous and asynchronous support. Additionally, the counselor demonstrated competence in counseling via telephone, and provided various support, including: delivering CBT, handling personal issues outside the scope of iCBT, encouragement, guiding & monitoring learning progress, and solving technical difficulties. Perceived outcomes included improved abilities in cognitive restructuring, emotion regulation, and self-awareness.

Conclusions

The guided iCBT with telephone-supported is a feasible, effective, and preferable intervention for people with depression in Chinese societies.
Medical Marijuana Use: Considerations for a Free, Appropriate Public Education
Authors: Yell Mitchell L. , Edlein Rachel , Katsiyannis Antonis
Published: March 2022

In special education, medication often plays a critical role in meeting the needs of students with disabilities. The use of medications in schools, however, can be a problem when state laws and federal law conflict regarding the use of a medication, in this situation, medical marijuana. This column reports on a ruling by the U.S. District Court in New Mexico involving medical marijuana, in which state law in New Mexico and federal law conflicted. A short-term solution may be for school districts to consider home instruction as a means to ensure a free, appropriate public education (FAPE) for qualified students with disabilities who need medical marijuana. A long-term solution may be to amend state laws, and the federal law (i.e., the Controlled Substances Act of 1970) that prohibits marijuana use, to allow the use and administration of medical marijuana in schools.
Strengthening Professional Networks to Serve Students With Autism Who Have Communication Needs
Authors: Biggs Elizabeth E.
Published: March 2022

Many students with autism have complex communication needs and benefit from the use of aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), which can include picture symbols, communication boards or books, or speech-generating devices. However, many of the challenges to high-quality AAC intervention are amplified by inadequate collaboration. Effective collaboration is critical, including between teachers and speech-language pathologists (SLPs), with students’ parents and other family members, and with other related service providers or specialists. This article draws from social network theory and special education research to offer practical guidelines for special education teachers and SLPs to develop and strengthen their own professional networks and more effectively serve students with autism who have communication needs. Guidance is also offered for school and district leaders. Strong professional networks can improve communication outcomes for students with complex communication needs by fostering educators’ knowledge, skills, confidence, and collective action toward effective and integrated AAC intervention.
Stephen’s Dying Prayer (Acts 7:60) and the Challenge of Forgiveness
Authors: Bergen Jeremy M.
Published: March 2022

Stephen’s dying prayer, “‘Lord, do not hold this sin against them,’” (Acts 7:60) is considered in light of the challenge it presents for the immediate and unconditional forgiveness that may be expected of victims of violence, and the legacy of supersessionist interpretation. In dialogue with several sermons by Augustine on Stephen, I frame a reading that links imitation of Stephen with spiritual struggle and formation, and connects forgiveness with accountability and the call to repentance. The anti-Jewish dimensions are recast in terms of not holding the sin against all who cast stones, contrary to an interpretation that effectively denies forgiveness to “non-believing” Jews. These dynamics of forgiveness are epitomized by the “Testament” and martyrdom of Fr. Christian de Chergé.
Abnormal symptom-triggered remaining useful life prediction for rolling element bearings
Authors: Cheng Yiwei , Wang Ji , Wu Jun , Zhu Haiping , Wang Yuanhang
Published: March 2022

Remaining useful life prediction of rolling element bearings is significant to improve the safety and reliability of engineering systems. It is a vital issue to perceive abnormal symptoms for remaining useful life prediction so as to set the occurrence time as the first prediction time. Traditional methods need to define indicators manually to determine the abnormal symptoms, which rely on a lot of domain knowledge and expert experience. This paper proposes a novel abnormal symptoms-triggered remaining useful life prediction approach for rolling element bearings. An adaptive kernel spectral clustering model is constructed in the abnormal symptoms-triggered remaining useful life prediction approach to adaptively detect the abnormal symptoms in real time from multi-dimensional degradation features extracted by integrating time-domain, frequency-domain, time-frequency, and time-series analysis. The occurrence time of abnormal symptoms is set as the first prediction time of the remaining useful life predictor, which is a new type of particle swarm optimization-quantile regression neural network. A benchmarking dataset of rolling element bearings is adopted to evaluate the proposed abnormal symptoms-triggered remaining useful life prediction approach. Experimental results show that this abnormal symptoms-triggered remaining useful life prediction approach is superior to many other prognostic approaches.