bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular detection of biofilm, virulence and antimicrobial resistance associated genes of Salmonella serovars isolated from pig and chicken of Mizoram, India
Authors: Chakraborty S. , Roychoudhury P. , Samanta I. , Subudhi P. K. , Lalhruaipuii Lalhruaipuii , Das M. , De A. , Bandyopadhayay S. , Joardar S. N. , Mandal M. , Qureshi A. , Dutta T. K.
Published: August 2019

Salmonella has emerged as one of the most important food-borne pathogens for humans as well as animals and the ability of biofilm formation by these bacteria has further aided their survival in unfavorable environment. Characterization of these biofilm producing bacteria isolated from pigs and chicken may lead to formulation of strategies for prevention and control of Salmonella infections. Therefore, the present study was conducted to isolate Salmonella from pigs and poultry of Mizoram, determine their biofilm producing ability by phenotypic and genotypic methods along with their virulence and antimicrobial resistance properties. A total of 15 Salmonella spp. (pig=9, poultry=6) was isolated from 100 faecal samples from pigs and 50 cloacal swabs from poultry and biofilm producing ability of the isolates was determined by microtiter plate assay. A total of 10 (66.67%) isolates were found to be biofilm producer. All the biofilm producing bacterial isolates were investigated for antimicrobial sensitivity and distribution of selected biofilm associated genes (csgA, csgD and adrA), virulence genes (invA, stn and sefA) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes (blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M). The most prevalent resistance was found against ceftazidime (80%), ceftriaxone (80%), cefixime (70%), cefotaxime (70%), gentamicin (70%), cotrimoxazole (60%) and ampicillin (60%). A total of 7 (70%) isolates were resistant to at least three different classes of antimicrobial agents and considered as multidrug resistant. All the isolates were positive for adrA (100%) but negative for csgA and csgD genes. The most frequent virulence gene was invA (100%) and stn (100%). Among the AMR genes, blaTEM (60%) was found to be the major AMR determinants. Moreover, a total of 7 Salmonella isolates were positive for at least one of t biofilm associated genes, virulence genes and AMR genes.
Comparative gross anatomical studies on the shoulder girdle of crested serpent eagle (Spilornis cheela) and brown wood owl (Strix leptogrammica)
Authors: Keneisenuo Keneisenuo , Choudhary O. P. , Debroy S. , Arya R. S. , Kalita P. C. , Doley P. J. , Rajkhowa T. K. , Kalita A.
Published: August 2019

The shoulder girdle gives strength and range of motion to the wings of birds and plays a functional role in flight mechanism of birds. The present study was designed to compare the morphological features of shoulder girdle bones in crested serpent eagle and brown wood owl. The shoulder girdle comprised of the scapula, coracoid and fused clavicle i.e. furculum in both species. The proximal extremities of bones of shoulder girdle formed a foramen triosseum in both the species for tendon of supracoracoideus muscle. The proximal end of the scapula of crested serpent eagle presents a pneumatic foramen which was absent in the brown wood owl. The coracoid of crested serpent eagle presents a large pneumatic foramen at the medial surface of the acrocoracoid process. A piercing type of foramen was characteristic in the coracoid of both species. Procoracoid process was triangular in shape with a broad base in both the species with pointed apex in brown wood owl and short apex in crested serpent eagle. The clavicle was thin, slender and highly curved in crested serpent eagle, whereas it was slender and rod-like in brown wood owl. Numerous pneumatic foramina were present in the proximal extremity of the clavicle of the crested serpent eagle, which were few in brown wood owl. The distal extremity of both clavicle fused to form a hypocleideum in crested serpent eagle, which was absent in brown wood owl.
Seed germination response of commonbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes to optimal and sub-optimal temperatures
Authors: Lamichaney Amrit , Basavaraja T. , Singh P.K. Katiyar and N.P.
Published: August 2019

Rajmash is a cool season legume crop grown during rabi season in northern India. This crop is highly sensitive to low temperature stress during seed germination and seedling establishment stage. Therefore, identification of cold tolerant genotypes is essential in rajmash breeding programme. In the present study, 37 rajmash genotypes were subjected to germination at optimal (20oC) and sub optimal (10 and 15oC) temperatures in an incubator to understand the level of variation in germination and related at low temperature. At 20oC, the 37 genotypes recorded an average value of 98.47% with a minimum value of 91.35 %; while, at 15oC an average value of 96.02% and a minimum value of 86.10% and 10oC recorded an average value of 77.13% and a minimum value of 0%. This indicated that the genotypes could tolerate cold was recorded stress upto 15oC to a considerable level while, germination was hampered greatly at 10oC. Genotypes, EC150250, EC14920 and EC14351 showed the least reduction in germination and related parameters at sub optimal temperatures, hence these were identified to be cold tolerant at seed germination stage, which however, need to be validated under field condition.
Effect of seed biopriming with indigenous PGPR, Rhizobia and Trichoderma sp. on growth, seed yield and incidence of diseases in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Negi Shivangi , Bharat Narender K. , Kumar Manish
Published: August 2019

The effect of seed biopriming with different bioagents including plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR-1), rhizobial biofertilizer (Rhizobium strain B1) and biological control agent (Trichoderma viride) was observed on plant growth, seed yield and incidence of diseases in French bean cv. Contender conducting a field experiment during kharif season in the year 2017 and 2018. Under field conditions in both the years, field emergence (95.18 %), plant height at 30 days after sowing (34.09 cm), plant height at final harvest (56.99 cm), days to pod harvest (52.33), harvest duration (18.67), pod length at final harvest (16.83 cm), number of pods per plant (20.17), dry pod weight (2.72 g), pod yield per plant (38.64 g), number of seeds per pod (7.17), seed yield per plant (20.76 g), seed yield per plot (875.33 g), seed yield per hectare (23.34 q), 100 seed weight (34.19 g), quality of harvested seeds were recorded significantly higher after seed biopriming with PGPR-1+ Rhizobium strain B1 (T4) as compared to carbendazim seed treatment and untreated control. This treatment combination also reduced the incidence of major diseases like, Rhizoctonia root rot and Angular leaf spot significantly as compared to carbendazim seed treatments and untreated control. It can be concluded from the present investigation that seed biopriming of French bean cv. Contender with PGPR-1+Rhizobium strain B1 @ 109cfu/ml for 8 hours was an effective treatment which significantly improved plant growth, pod yield, seed yield, seed quality and seed vigour and reduced disease incidence as compared to seed treatment with carbendazim @ 0.2% as well as untreated control under field conditions.
Genetic variation studies among physiological characters in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) under rainfed condition of Jaisalmer district Rajasthan, India
Authors: Singh Maharaj , Venkatesan K. , Singh V. V.
Published: August 2019

The multiple plant traits associated with drought were assessed in 21 genotypes of cluster bean including check RGC-936 for their contribution to rainfed adaptation of the genotypes. All the assessed traits showed significantly different genotypic responses under rainfed conditions. Clusterbean genotypes showed wide range of variability for most of the characters and all the traits exhibited broad spectrum of ranges during both years. Total sugar content, specific leaf area at 30 and 45 DAS, number of branches plant-1, number of clusters plant-1, number of pods cluster-1 and seed yield plant-1 showed high genotypic (Vg) and phenotypic (Vp) variances. The high estimates of heritability coupled with high values of genetic advance over mean (GAM) were observed for the characters such as total sugar content, specific leaf area at 45 DAS, clusters plant-1 and seed yield plant-1 indicates predominance of additive component for these traits and hence direct selection would be more effective in improving these traits. Correlation study revealed that number of clusters plant-1 (0.81**, 0.84**), number of pods cluster-1 (0.69**, 0.86**), pod dry weight (0.99**, 0.67**) showed positive significant correlation with seed yield plant-1 during both the years which indicates strong association of these characters with seed yield plant-1. On the basis of above findings, it can be concluded that the characters like, number of clusters plant-1, number of pods cluster-1, showed positive significant correlation with seed yield plant-1. Thus, these traits may be considered as effective parameters of selection to increase seed yield of clusterbean under rainfed situation of Jaisalmer.
Effects of Some Entomopathogen Fungi on Apis mellifera L. and Bombus terrestris L.
Authors: Akkoç Sultan , Karaca İsmail , Karaca Gürsel
Published: August 2019

Bees are essential
elements of agricultural production because of their role in pollination.
However, some practices during production, especially pesticide applications
have negative effects on bee life and behaviours. In order to decrease the side
effects of pesticides, alternative methods, especially biological control,
gained importance. In this study, effects of preparations containing; Beaveria bassiana, Verticillium lecanii and Metarhizium
anisopliae var. anisopliae, and
also Chlorpyrifos-ethyl for comparison, on Apis
mellifera and Bombus terrestris,
were investigated. Preparations were applied with two different methods;
directly as food and by spraying, with concentrations recommended by the
producer companies. In the first method, bees were fed with 5 ml solutions of
the preparations mixed with sucrose solution and antenna, wing, leg and abdomen
movements of the bees were controlled and scored 4 hours after applications. In
the second method, bees were sprayed with the preparations and mortality rates
were found. As a result of feeding method, entomopathogen preparations slightly
affected the movement of the honey bees, while Chlorpyrifos-ethyl, almost
totally inhibited their movement. Similarly, entomopathogens had no harmful
effect on the movement of bombus bees, but the insecticide totally inhibited
their movement. In the spraying method, the insecticide killed all the
individuals of both bee species, while entomopathogens caused the death of only
a few individuals.
Tıbbi Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L.)’nda Klon Seleksiyonu ile Geliştirilmiş B-Klonlarının Tarımsal ve Teknolojik Özellikleri
Authors: Baydar Hasan , Tuğlu Ümmü
Published: August 2019

Bu araştırma, tıbbi adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L.)’nda klon seleksiyonu ile elde edilmiş 60
adet A-klonu arasından seçilmiş 10 adet B-klonu ve 1 adet standart çeşidin
(Extracta) tarımsal ve teknolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla
yürütülmüştür. Tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulan
tarla denemesinde her bir B klonunda taze herba verimi (kg/da), drog herba
verimi (kg/da), drog yaprak verimi (kg/da), drog yaprak oranı (%), uçucu yağ
oranı (%) ve uçucu yağ bileşenleri (%) tespit edilmiştir. Tıbbi adaçayında taze
herba verimi 701 kg/da (14. klon) ve 1285.7 kg/da (41. klon), drog herba verimi
176.1 kg/da (27. klon) ve 368.8 kg/da (8. klon), drog yaprak verimi 89 kg/da
(27. klon) ve 202.3 kg/da (41. klon), drog yaprak oranı %43.9 (35. klon) ve
%58.6 (41. klon), uçucu yağ oranı %0.90 (27. klon) ve %1.72 (8. klon) arasında
değişim göstermiştir. Tıbbi adaçayı klonlarının uçucu yağ kompozisyonunu
oluşturan en önemli bileşenlerin 1,8-sineol (%16.48-33.86), α-tuyon
(%1.85-31.01), β-tuyon (%3.99-17.51) ve kafur (%0.74-14.94) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre drog yaprak verimi,
uçucu yağ oranı ve uçucu yağ kalitesi yüksek olan 8, 11, 21 ve 41 nolu
klonların tıbbi adaçayı çeşit geliştirme ıslahında öncelikli olarak
değerlendirilebileceği öngörülmüştür.
Common Features of Architectural Design of the Medical Purpose Building
Authors: Bulakh I. V.
Published: August 2019

The paper considers principal features and specific character of architectural design for health care institutions. Main designing stages, missions and complexities for every successive designing step have been revealed in the paper. The paper presents specific features, main stages and design approaches to designing of modern health care facilities, comfortable architectural environment of health institutions, which have been formed on the basis of the analysis of advanced international experience in the field of designing healthcare facilities. The proposed approaches are based on modern experience in designing medical buildings over the past decade in the developed countries. A special attention has been paid to obsolete methods for architecture-planning organization of healthcare facilities and modern approaches to arrangement of engineering and other systems which significantly influence on economical efficiency, quality, comfort and effectiveness of architectural environment in healthcare institutions. Every healthcare facility, every separate department are considered as unique in their essence, for this reason it is not so easy to reflect modern technological solutions and architectural tendencies. The paper contains an attempt to attract attention of architects to the complexity in designing of a building to be constructed, to find ways which will help to reach its step-by-step solution. It has been noted as well that there is a necessity to arrange interaction between an architect and a medical technologist. Modern medical departments and hospitals have been recently designed and built in the Ukraine, but they are in increasingly short number. These facilities have been constructed due to decision makers who, in spite of diverse difficulties, lack of information and specialists, lack of proper funding, etc., are trying to do their best in order to reach the modern level of desingning and construction of hospitals. So-called “typical” medical projects of 70-ies and 80-ies continue to be implemented up to now. This is certainly due to inadequate funding, but such economy has at the end rather high cost.
Tecnologia sustentável na produção de biodiesel
Authors: Malt Farihan Ihsan El , Souza Cleide Barbieri de
Published: August 2019

A maior parte da energia produzida no mundo é proveniente de fontes não renováveis, causando impacto ambiental negativo e malefícios para a saúde humana. Dentre várias formas sustentáveis de produção de biodiesel, a utilização do óleo vegetal usado para esta finalidade, é de grande importância para a minimização do impacto ambiental e para criar alternativas de reutilização deste composto residual, tendo em vista a diminuição do seu descarte inadequado, reduzindo assim os riscos de poluição ambiental gerados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a produção de biodiesel utilizando uma fonte sustentável como óleo residual, pois além de ser produzido a partir de fontes limpas e renováveis é menos poluente e, neste contexto, visa ao bem do meio ambiente e consequentemente da saúde humana. O objetivo foi alcançado com sucesso, uma vez que o biodiesel produzido obteve resultados positivos no teste de combustão, bem como demonstrou sua funcionalidade em um motor Turbodiesel Intercooler pertencente a uma caminhonete modelo 2016 da marca KIA.
Phytochemical-Mediated Glioma Targeted Treatment: Drug Resistance and Novel Delivery Systems
Authors: Cao Hang , Li Xuejun , Wang Feiyifan , Zhang Yueqi , Xiong Yi , Yang Qi
Published: August 2019

Glioma, especially its most malignant type, Glioblastoma (GBM), is the most common and the most aggressive malignant tumour in the central nervous system. Currently, we have no specific therapies that can significantly improve its dismal prognosis. Recent studies have reported promising in vitro experimental results of several novel glioma-targeting drugs; these studies are encouraging to both researchers and patients. However, clinical trials have revealed that novel compounds that focus on a single, clear glioma genetic alteration may not achieve a satisfactory outcome or have side effects that are unbearable. Based on this consensus, phytochemicals that exhibit multiple bioactivities have recently attracted much attention. Traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) have shown that phytocompounds inhibit glioma angiogenesis, cancer stem cells and tumour proliferation; these results suggest a novel drug therapeutic strategy. However, single phytocompounds or their direct usage may not reverse comprehensive malignancy due to poor histological penetrability or relatively unsatisfactory in vivo efficiency. Recent research that has employed temozolomide combination treatment and Nanoparticles (NPs) with phytocompounds has revealed a powerful dual-target therapy and a high blood-brain barrier penetrability, which is accompanied by low side effects and strong specific targeting. This review is focused on major phytocompounds that have contributed to glioma-targeting treatment in recent years and their role in drug resistance inhibition, as well as novel drug delivery systems for clinical strategies. Lastly, we summarize a possible research strategy for the future.
C-5 Substituted Pyrimidine Nucleotides/Nucleosides: Recent Progress in Synthesis, Functionalization, and Applications
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Muthian , Senthilvelan Annamalai , Kore Anilkumar R.
Published: August 2019

The chemistry of C5 substituted pyrimidine nucleotide serves as a versatile molecular
biology probe for the incorporation of DNA/RNA that has been involved in various
molecular biology applications such as gene expression, chromosome, and mRNA
fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiment, mutation detection on arrays and
microarrays, in situ RT-PCR, and PCR. In addition to C5 substituted pyrimidine nucleotide,
C5 substituted pyrimidine nucleoside displays a broad spectrum of biological applications
such as antibacterial, antiviral and anticancer activities. This review focusses on
the recent development in the synthesis of aminoallyl pyrimidine nucleotide, aminopropargyl
pyrimidine nucleotide, fluorescent probes containing C5 substituted pyrimidine nucleotide,
2′-deoxycytidine nucleoside containing vinylsulfonamide and acrylamide modification,
C5 alkenyl, C5 alkynyl, and C5 aryl pyrimidine nucleosides through palladium-catalyzed reaction,
pyrimidine nucleoside containing triazole moiety through Click reaction, 5-isoxazol-3-yl-pyrimidine nucleoside,
C5 azide modified pyrimidine nucleoside, 2′-deoxycytidine nucleotide containing photocleavable moiety,
and uridine nucleoside containing germane and their biological applications are outlined.
Antibody Therapy for the Control of Viral Diseases: An Update
Authors: Dibo Miriam , Battocchio Eduardo C. , dos Santos Souza Lucas M. , da Silva Matheus D. Veloso , Banin-Hirata Bruna K. , Sapla Milena M.M. , Marinello Poliana , Rocha Sérgio P.D. , Faccin-Galhardi Lígia C.
Published: August 2019

The epidemiological impact of viral diseases, combined with the emergence and reemergence of some viruses, and the difficulties in identifying effective therapies, have encouraged several studies to develop new therapeutic strategies for viral infections. In this context, the use of immunotherapy for the treatment of viral diseases is increasing. One of the strategies of immunotherapy is the use of antibodies, particularly the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and multi-specific antibodies, which bind directly to the viral antigen and bring about activation of the immune system. With current advancements in science and technology, several such antibodies are being tested, and some are already approved and are undergoing clinical trials. The present work aims to review the status of mAb development for the treatment of viral diseases.
Impact of the Transfersome Delivered Human Growth Hormone on the Dermal Fibroblast Cells
Authors: Azimi Minoo , Khodabandeh Mahvash , Deezagi Abdolkhalegh , Rahimi Fatemeh
Published: August 2019

Objective:

Transfersomes are highly flexible vesicles that are capable of passing through
pores smaller than their own sizes due to their elastochemical characteristics, and thus play a key role
in drug delivery to the skin.

Methods:

In this study, we used transdermal delivery of growth hormone-encapsulated transferosomes
(F1 and F2) as antiaging strategy, with the resulting effects being subsequently evaluated. The size,
distribution and zeta potential of the particles, together with the in vitro skin permeation and biological
activity of the growth hormone loaded onto the transfersomes were measured.

Results:

The data demonstrated that treatment of fibroblasts with encapsulated hGH increased cell migration,
proliferation and collagen I and III gene expression. According to our results, the maximum
amount of growth hormone that passes through the skin during a 24 h time period was 489.54 and
248.46 ng/cm3, for the F1 and F2 transfersomes, respectively. In addition, it was determined that F1
formula as the more efficient carrier, showed no toxicity against cells. With regard to fibroblasts, as
one of the most important cells involved in collagen synthesis, skin aging and wound healing, concentrations
of growth hormone encapsulated in transferosomes that had an effect on fibroblast growth and
division, were determined. The results demonstrated that effective concentrations of the encapsulated
growth hormone increased the expression of collagen I and collagen III genes.

Conclusion:

Furthermore, analyzing the rate of fibroblast cell migration showed that migration increased
significantly at 700 ng/ml growth hormone concentrations, as compared to that of the control.
Comparative RNA-Seq Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in the Epididymides of Yak and Cattleyak
Authors: Zhao Wangsheng , Mengal Kifayatullah , Yuan Meng , Quansah Eugene , Li Pengcheng , Wu Shixin , Xu Chuanfei , Yi Chuanping , Cai Xin
Published: August 2019

Background:

Cattleyak are the Fl hybrids between (♀) yak (Bos grunniens) and (♂) cattle (Bos taurus). Cattleyak exhibit higher capability in adaptability to a harsh environment and display much higher performances in production than the yak and cattle. The cattleyak, however, are females fertile but males sterile. All previous studies greatly focused on testes tissues to study the mechanism of male infertility in cattleyak. However, so far, no transcriptomic study has been conducted on the epididymides of yak and cattleyak.

Objective:

Our objective was to perform comparative transcriptome analysis between the epididymides of yak and cattleyak and predict the etiology of male infertility in cattleyak.

Methods:

We performed comparative transcriptome profiles analysis by mRNA sequencing in the epididymides of yak and cattleyak.

Results:

In total 3008 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in cattleyak, out of which 1645 DEGs were up-regulated and 1363 DEGs were down-regulated. Thirteen DEGs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. DEGs included certain genes that were associated with spermatozoal maturation, motility, male fertility, water and ion channels, and beta-defensins. LCN9, SPINT4, CES5A, CD52, CST11, SERPINA1, CTSK, FABP4, CCR5, GRIA2, ENTPD3, LOC523530 and DEFB129, DEFB128, DEFB127, DEFB126, DEFB124, DEFB122A, DEFB122, DEFB119 were all downregulated, whereas NRIP1 and TMEM212 among top 30 DEGs were upregulated. Furthermore, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathway was ranked at top-listed three significantly enriched KEGG pathways that as a consequence of abnormal expression of ER-associated genes in the entire ER protein processing pathway might have been disrupted in male cattleyak which resulted in the downregulation of several important genes. All the DEGs enriched in this pathway were downregulated except NEF.

Conclusion:

Taken together, our findings revealed that there were marked differences in the epididymal transcriptomic profiles of yak and cattleyak. The DEGs were involved in spermatozoal maturation, motility, male fertility, water and ion channels, and beta-defensins. Abnormal expression of ERassociated genes in the entire ER protein processing pathway may have disrupted protein processing pathway in male cattleyak resulting in the downregulation of several important genes involved in sperm maturation, motility and defense.
Pharmacology of Ivabradine and the Effect on Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Zhou Yue , Wang Jian , Meng Zhuo , Zhou Shuang , Peng Jiayu , Chen Sun , Wang Qingjie , Sun Kun
Published: August 2019

Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) is a complex clinical syndrome with a high incidence worldwide.
Although various types of pharmacological and device therapies are available for CHF, the prognosis
is not ideal, for which, the control of increased Heart Rate (HR) is critical. Recently, a bradycardic
agent, ivabradine, is found to reduce HR by inhibiting the funny current (If). The underlying mechanism
states that ivabradine can enter the Hyperpolarization-activated Cyclic Nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels
and bind to the intracellular side, subsequently inhibiting the If. This phenomenon can prolong the
slow spontaneous phase in the diastolic depolarization, and thus, reduce HR. The clinical trials demonstrated
the significant effects of the drug on reducing HR and improving the symptoms of CHF with
fewer adverse effects. This review primarily introduces the chemical features and pharmacological characteristics
of ivabradine and the mechanism of treating CHF. Also, some expected therapeutic effects on
different diseases were also concluded. However, ivabradine, as a typical If channel inhibitor, necessitates
additional research to verify its pharmacological functions.
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus): A Comprehensive Patent Review
Authors: Mandhare Anita , Banerjee Paromita , Pande Archana , Gondkar Anita
Published: August 2019

Background:

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) having an impressive array of nutrients
is one of the potential functional foods being studied by the researchers worldwide in recent times.
While the ancient fruit is widely consumed as fresh fruit, its other parts are reported for their diverse
therapeutic activity as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-fungal,
anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, and as immune-modulator.

Methods:

An extensive search was conducted to review the patent information on jackfruit and its
bioactive constituents using various patent databases spanning all priority years till date.

Results:

Analysis of the patent data reveals that jackfruit and its bioactive constituents find application
in diverse industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, food including beverages and
nutraceuticals, as well as agrochemicals, plant breeding and in the paper industry. Approximately
twenty-three patents are identified which focus on the treatment of various therapeutic conditions,
and another fifteen patents disclose the use of jackfruit as an ingredient in cosmetic compositions.
The review also includes the clinical studies of the drugs containing natural actives that can be
isolated from the jackfruit tree.

Conclusion:

The detailed research on the patent information presented herein focused on the activity
of the compositions containing jackfruit extract and isolated phytochemicals would assist researchers
to understand the mechanisms by which the bio-chemicals exert their effect and the overall nutritional
benefits. An increase in the number of publications and patents in recent years related to the use of
jackfruit for different health conditions clearly emphasizes its therapeutic potential and importance as
medicinal food products and cosmetics.
The New Immunotherapy Combinations in the Treatment of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Reality and Perspectives
Authors: Rocco Danilo , Gravara Luigi D. , Gridelli Cesare
Published: August 2019

Background:

In the recent years, immunotherapeutics and specifically immunecheckpoints
inhibitors have marked a significant shift in the diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm of
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), allowing us to use immunotherapeutics alone or combined
with chemotherapy for a great subset of patients. However, new interesting approaches are being
presently investigated, markedly immunotherapy combinations, that is, the use of two or more immunotherapeutics
combined.

Methods:

In particular, the combination of anti-PD-1 nivolumab and anti-CTLA-4 ipilimumab has
already provided groundbreaking positive results in the advanced NSCLC and other combinations
are currently under investigation.

Results:

Therefore, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art review about immunotherapy
combination, along with suggestions about future directions. A comprehensive literature
search was carried out to identify eligible studies from MEDLINE/PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov.

Conclusion:

Nivolumab plus ipilimumab represent the most promising immunotherapy combination
for the treatment of advanced NSCLC patients; safety, tolerability and efficacy of new immunotherapeutics
(in monotherapy and in immunotherapy combinations) must be further assessed in
future studies.
Dexmedetomidine versus Midazolam-Fentanyl in Procedural Analgesia Sedation for Reduction of Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Masoumi Kambiz , Maleki Seyyed Javad , Forouzan Arash , Delirrooyfard Ali , Hesam Saeed
Published: August 2019

Background:

Shoulder joint dislocation is the most common dislocation of joints in the
body. To reduce the anterior shoulder dislocation, it is necessary to have analgesia and sedation.

Methods:

In this randomized clinical trial, patients were divided into two equal groups. Group I received
midazolam-fentanyl (0.05 mg/kg fentanyl at a dose of 1 µg/kg) for 10 minutes and group II
received dexmedetomidine (1 µg/kg in the initial dose and then 0.2 µg/kg/h) for 10 minutes. The levels
of analgesia according to VAS criteria and the time to reach desired sedation were compared between
the two groups.

Results:

A total of 60 patients participated in this study. The time to reach the desired sedation was
8.60 ± 2.3 minutes in the dexmedetomidine group and 11.27 ± 3.57 minutes in the midazolamfentanyl
group (p= 0.001). Also, the VAS score in both midazolam-fentanyl and dexmedetomidine
groups was 3.3 ± 1.24 and 2.57 ± 0.9, respectively. The differences were statistically significant
(p=0.015). There was significant relationship between the time to reach desired sedation and the level
of analgesia. Moreover, there was no significant difference between patient age and the time to reach
the desired level of analgesia. During this study, no side effect was observed.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study show that dexmedetomidine provides a higher level of analgesia
than midazolam-fentanyl. Moreover, it was also shown that dexmedetomidine causes quicker
procedural sedation than midazolam-fentanyl.
Aberrant DNA Methylation Pattern may Enhance Susceptibility to Migraine: A Novel Perspective
Authors: Goel Divya , Un Nisa Kaiser , Reza Mohammad Irshad , Rahman Ziaur , Aamer Shaikh
Published: August 2019

In today’s world, migraine is one of the most frequent disorders with an estimated world prevalence of 14.7% characterized by attacks of a severe headache making people enfeebled and imposing a big socioeconomic burden. The pathophysiology of a migraine is not completely understood however there are pieces of evidence that epigenetics performs a primary role in the pathophysiology of migraine. Here, in this review, we highlight current evidence for an epigenetic link with migraine in particular DNA methylation of numerous genes involved in migraine pathogenesis. Outcomes of various studies have explained the function of DNA methylation of a several migraine related genes such as RAMP1, CALCA, NOS1, ESR1, MTHFR and NR4A3 in migraine pathogenesis. Mentioned data suggested there exist a strong association of DNA methylation of migraine-related genes in migraine. Although we now have a general understanding of the role of epigenetic modifications of a numerous migraine associated genes in migraine pathogenesis, there are many areas of active research are of key relevance to medicine. Future studies into the complexities of epigenetic modifications will bring a new understanding of the mechanisms of migraine processes and open novel approaches towards therapeutic intervention.
The Role of Autophagy in Cancer Radiotherapy
Authors: Li Lei , Liu Wen-Ling , Su Lei , Lu Zhou-Cheng , He Xiu-Sheng
Published: August 2019

Background:

Autophagy, a pathway for lysosomal-mediated cellular degradation, is a catabolic process that recycles intracellular components to maintain metabolism and survival. It is classified into three major types: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Autophagy is a dynamic and multistep process that includes four stages: nucleation, elongation, autophagosome formation, and fusion. Interestingly, the influence of autophagy in cancer development is complex and paradoxical, suppressive, or promotive in different contexts. Autophagy in cancer has been demonstrated to serve as both a tumour suppressor and promoter. Radiotherapy is a powerful and common strategy for many different types of cancer and can induce autophagy, which has been shown to modulate sensitivity of cancer to radiotherapy. However, the role of autophagy in radiation treatment is controversial. Some reports showed that the upregulation of autophagy was cytoprotective for cancer cells. Others, in contrast, showed that the induction of autophagy was advantageous.

Here, we reviewed recent studies and attempted to discuss the various aspects of autophagy in response to radiotherapy of cancer. Thus, we could decrease the viability of cancer cell and increase the sensibility of cancer cells to radiation, providing a new basis for the application of autophagy in clinical tumor radiotherapy
Preparation of TiO2 and SiO2 Nanoparticles and their Effect on Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites
Authors: Rahman Gagi Tauhidur , Meem Moumita Tasnim , Gafur Md. Abdul , Mahmud Abu , Hoque Md. Asadul
Published: August 2019

Background:

Polymer matrix-based composites are the workhorse of the composite industries.
Besides, the idea of modifying the polymer matrix by various inorganic fillers has greatly drawn
the attention of materials engineers due to their diversified applications and advanced properties.

Objective:

The objective of this work was to prepare and characterize Titania (TiO2) and Silica (SiO2)
nanoparticles and develop 1wt%, 3wt%, 5wt% and 10wt% TiO2 and SiO2 incorporated epoxy-based
nanocomposites. Here, we used TiO2 incorporated epoxy composites as a model to compare the effectiveness
and contribution of locally available nano SiO2 in the epoxy matrix.

Method:

The TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by most famous and conventional sol-gel method and
SiO2 nanoparticles were extracted from Padma river (silica) sand obtained from Rajshahi city, Bangladesh
from a very easy and inexpensive route. Both TiO2/epoxy and SiO2/epoxy nanocomposites (approximately
1.3-1.5 mm thick) were prepared via a solution casting method incorporating the TiO2
and SiO2 nanofillers in the epoxy matrix.

Results:

The XRD patterns and SEM image ensure the formation of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles. A
number of tests reveal that mechanical properties especially hardness and young’s modulus of the
nanocomposites have increased while decreasing the tensile and flexural strength than neat epoxy due
to the incorporation of nanofiller. It is visible that, TiO2/epoxy nanocomposites have shown better performance
than the virgin epoxy but surprisingly in most cases, nano SiO2 exhibited comparable and
even better contribution than TiO2/epoxy nanocomposites. This indicates that the use of TiO2 in epoxy
might be replaced by inexpensive nano SiO2 to be used in various structural sectors.

Conclusion:

The TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized successfully. The preliminary experiments
predict that the addition of nanoparticles (TiO2, SiO2) converts the composite from being ductile
into a brittle material where SiO2/epoxy shows comparable performance with TiO2/epoxy nanocomposites.
Accurate Stiffness Modeling Method for Flexure Hinges with a Complex Contour Curve
Authors: Gong Jinliang , Zhang Yanfei , Mostafa Kazi , Li Xiang
Published: August 2019

Background:

Flexure hinges have certain advantages, such as a simple structure, smooth
movement, no need for lubrication, frictionless movement and high precision. The flexure hinge’s
transfer of force and displacement relies on its deformation. Thus, stiffness is an important index for
evaluating hinge flexibility.

Objective:

Stiffness analysis of the flexure hinges is necessary to be performed. This paper aims to
present a unified stiffness model solving method of the flexible hinges with complex contour curves.

Methods:

The transfer matrix of a flexure hinge was derived based on balance equations and the virtual
work principle with consideration of axial, shear, and bending deformations. The element stiffness
matrix of a flexure hinge was obtained from the relationship between the transfer and stiffness matrices.
In this manner, the unified formula of element stiffness of a general flexure hinge was established.
By using this method, rigidity models of parabolic, corner-filled, and the right circular flexure hinge
have been deduced. By taking the right circular flexure hinge as an example, the results obtained using
this method were compared with those of methods provided in other studies and the finite element results.

Results and Conclusion:

The comparison results revealed that the proposed method increases the rigidity
accuracy because the effect of the uneven distribution coefficient of shear stress was considered.
The stiffness error was within 7%, which demonstrates the validity of this method. In contrast to
the other methods, the proposed method can be applied by determining the first integral element stiffness
of a common flexible hinge. Moreover, the proposed method provides better commonality, flexibility,
and ease of programming. In particular, it is much easier for the flexure hinges with a complex
contour curve. Transitivity can be used to calculate the rigidity after the flexure hinge has been divided
into subunits, thus making it unnecessary to convert to the global coordinate system.
Source/Drain Stressor Design for Advanced Devices at 7 nm Technology Node
Authors: Dash T.P. , Dey S. , Das S. , Jena J. , Mahapatra E. , Maiti C.K.
Published: August 2019

Background::

In nano and microelectronics, device performance enhancement is limited
by downscaling. Introduction of intentional mechanical stress is a potential mobility booster to
overcome these limitations. This paper explores the key design challenges of stress-engineered
FinFETs based on the epitaxial SiGe S/D at 7 nm Technology node.

Objective::

To study the mechanical stress evolution in a tri-gate FinFET at 7 nm technology node
using technology CAD (TCAD) simulations. Using stress maps, we analyze the mechanical stress
impact on the transfer characteristics of the devices through device simulation.

Methods:

3D sub-band Boltzmann transport analysis for tri-gate PMOS FinFETs was used, with
2D Schrödinger solution in the fin cross-section and 1D Boltzmann transport along the channel.

Results::

Using stress maps, the mechanical stress impact on the transfer characteristics of the
device through device simulation has been analyzed.

Conclusion::

Suitability of predictive TCAD simulations to explore the potential of innovative
strain-engineered FinFET structures for future generation CMOS technology is demonstrated.
Evaluating the Performance of Carbon in Water Filters Preparation from Porcelanites and Studying the Properties of Water Passing through a Filter
Authors: Hadi Enas M. , Jasim Safa L.
Published: August 2019

Background:

In this study, ceramic water filter was prepared from Iraqi Local
porcelanite and White Kaolin with the ratio of 10% as a binder with natural additives “wheat
flakes.” Ratios 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%.

Methods:

These materials are formed then fairing at 1200°C. The filters are environmentally
familiar materials and harmless. Carbon was included to some prepared filters by thermally being
treated at 950°C in the carbonation box to improve the performance and efficiency. After the filter
is prepared, an assessment was carried out (apparent porosity, water absorption, permeability, and
apparent density).

Results:

From the direct results, the apparent porosity, water absorption, and permeability were increased
tremendously along with the increasing of the W.F., and the apparent density is typically
decreased for the adaptive filter with or without carbon. The flowing water promptly passing
through the adaptive filters was carefully evaluated by testes such as TSS, TDS, PH, and turbidity.
The result was TSS in water, 6 mg/l, TSS in filter without carbon. 1 mg/l, TSS for filter with carbon
was decreased to 0 mg/L. Turbidity (NTU) for water 1.9 NTU, Turbidity for filter without carbon
was 0.71NUT, and Turbidity for the filters with carbon was decreased to 0.63 NUT. PH for water
was 7.75 PH for filter without carbon was 7.68, PH for filter with carbon was decreased to 7.33.

Conclusion:

Filters with carbon are better than the filter without carbon for removing potential
contaminants from the filter without carbon. Desired results were properly obtained within the
Iraqi standard for drinking water.
CACK—A Counter Based Authenticated ACK to Mitigate Misbehaving Nodes from MANETs
Authors: Atheeq C. , Rabbani M. Munir A.
Published: August 2019

Background:

The evolution of wireless network from wired network presents a worldwide
pattern in the previous couple of decades. All the mobile nodes in MANET act as router as
well as host at the same time send and receive messages directly to one another until they are in the
communication range and use multiple hops if the nodes are outside the communication range. The
self-organizing property of nodes in MANET made it prominent among the principal applications
like military and or emergency rescue sites. In spite of, the openness and dynamic nature of mobile
nodes, MANET suffers from malicious nodes. Studies show that the existing mechanism lacks with
cost effective and reduced overhead in the network.

Objective:

It is vital to design a system that detects the malicious nodes to guard MANET from attackers.
With the enhancements of the innovation and cost effective and minimum overhead, our
visualization presents a tremendous expansion of MANETs into modern applications.

Methods:

In this article, we present our proposed model Counter based authenticated acknowledgement
uniquely developed for MANETs that uses chebyshev polynomials and digested acknowledgment
message for detection of misbehaving nodes in MANET.

Results:

Implementation shows that the proposed model outperforms in terms of reduced overhead,
delay and packet delivery by mitigating attacks.

Conclusion:

Finally we conclude that we design an effective intrusion detection system that can be
adaptable in MANET applications.
A Review of Feature Extraction from ECG Signals and Classification/ Detection for Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: R Rajeshwari M. , S Kavitha K.
Published: August 2019

High cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, depression, obesity, smoking, poor diet,
alcohol consumption, and no exercise are literally the major causes which have taken the life of
many people in the world. All the parameters effect is the major slow points for Sudden Cardiac
Death (SCD). As per the surveys conducted, there are 1 in 4 deaths caused due to a heart attack in
the U.S alone. Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) is the deadly arrhythmias which can lead to SCD. Prediction
of SCD using ECG signal derivative is a popular area of research. There are many papers
published in this research. The recent development of a new algorithm on this topic helps to further
research. In this work, we perform the overview of the ECG signal which is a way of measuring
heartbeat rate and other features. Feature extraction of content areas in ECG and Classification algorithms
for VF. We would see technique and methods based on ECG signal derivative by research in
order to detect and predict SCD.
Developing a Conceptual Model for Crime Against Women using ISM & MICMAC
Authors: Kaur Bhajneet , Ahuja Laxmi , Kumar Vinay
Published: August 2019

Background:

Crime against women is a major issue of society, resulted in physical,
psychological, sexual or economic harm of women.

Objective:

The main objective of this research paper is to propose the conceptual model after finding
the contextual relationship among all identified factors affecting crime against women.

Methods:

Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique has been used to develop the model.
This is the mathematical approach or step-by-step procedure to deploy the unstructured items into a
structured or hierarchical form to build a conceptual model. Further, MICMAC (Matriced' Impacts
Croisés Multiplication Appliquée á un Classement) analysis has also been applied to segregate the
factors into groups of independent, dependent and operational factors on the basis of their driving
power and dependence power. Hence, driving power indicates on what extent an individual factor
is contributing for driving the issue and dependence power indicates on what extent an individual
factor-driven from other factors.

Results:

As resulted all 11 identified factors have been structured into a well-defined model with
the groups of linkage factors, independent factors, and dependent factors. The model clearly defines
the role and contribution of each factor which gives very good insights to take any kind of
decision by the law firms, police departments and other criminal or crime organizations to control
or prevent this major issue ‘crime against women’.

Conclusion:

Public and private crime organizations, law firms can use this article to reform its policies
to take more security measures with their implementation related to it.
A Review on Data Mining Techniques Towards Water Sustainability Issues
Authors: Panda Ranjan Kumar , Sabitha A. Sai , Deep Vikas
Published: August 2019

Sustainability is defined as the practice of protecting natural resources for future use without
harming the nature. Sustainable development includes the environmental, social, political, and economic
issues faced by human being for existence. Water is the most vital resource for living being on this
earth. The natural resources are being exploited with the increase in world population and shortfall of
these resources may threaten humanity in the future. Water sustainability is a part of environmental sustainability.
The water crisis is increasing gradually in many places of the world due to agricultural and
industrial usage and rapid urbanization. Data mining tools and techniques provide a powerful methodology
to understand water sustainability issues using rich environmental data and also helps in building
models for possible optimization and reengineering. In this research work, a review on usage of supervised
or unsupervised learning algorithms in water sustainability issues like water quality assessment,
waste water collection system and water consumption is presented. Advanced technologies have also
helped to resolve major water sustainability issues. Some major data mining optimization algorithms
have been compared which are used in piped water distribution networks.