bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histologic findings of Massospora cicadina infection in periodical cicadas (Magicicada septendecim)
Authors: Anderson Joseph A. , Corbin Emily M. , Lovett Brian , Kasson Matt T. , LaDouceur Elise E. B.
Published: February 2023

Massospora cicadina, an obligate fungal pathogen in the subphylum Entomophthoromycotina (Zoopagomycota), infects periodical cicadas ( Magicicada spp.) during their adult emergence and modifies their sexual behavior to maximize fungal spore dissemination. In this study, 7 periodical cicadas from the Brood X emergence in 2021 infected by M. cicadina were histologically examined. In 7 of 7 cicadas, fungal masses replaced the posterior portion of the abdominal cavity, effacing portions of the body wall, reproductive organs, alimentary tract, and fat bodies. No appreciable inflammation was noted at the intersections of the fungal masses and host tissues. Fungal organisms were present in multiple morphologies including protoplasts, hyphal bodies, conidiophores, and mature conidia. Conidia were clustered into eosinophilic membrane-bound packets. These findings help uncover the pathogenesis of M. cicadina by suggesting there is evasion of the host immune response and by providing a more in-depth description of its relationship with Magicicada septendecim than previously documented.
Ethics governance development: The case of the Menlo Report
Authors: Finn Megan , Shilton Katie
Published: February 2023

The 2012 Menlo Report was an effort in which a group of computer scientists, US government funders, and lawyers produced ethics guidelines for research in information and communications technology (ICT). Here we study Menlo as a case of what we call ethics governance in the making, finding that this process examines past controversies and enrols existing networks to connect the everyday practice of ethics with ethics as a form of governance. To create the Menlo Report, authors and funders relied on bricolage work with existing, available resources, which significantly shaped both the report’s contents and impacts. Report authors were motivated by both forward- and backward-looking goals: enabling new data-sharing as well as addressing past controversies and their implications for the field’s body of research. Authors also grappled with uncertainty about which ethical frameworks were appropriate and made the decision to classify much network data as human subjects data. Finally, the Menlo Report authors attempted to enrol multiple existing networks in governance through appeals to local research communities as well as taking steps towards federal rulemaking. The Menlo Report serves as a case study in how to study ethics governance in the making: with attention to resources, adaptation, and bricolage, and with a focus on both the uncertainties the process tries to repair, as well as the new uncertainties the process uncovers, which will become the site of future ethics work.
State capitalism as Lazarus meets Loch Ness: Insights from the Asiatic mode of production
Authors: Whiteside Heather
Published: February 2023

This paper comments on the unexamined bifurcation of new state capitalism studies into two camps: changes in liberal capitalism and analyses of illiberal state forms. I characterize these aspects as Lazarus meets Loch Ness: Lazarus-like when focused on the ever-reborn market interventions of the liberal capitalist state, and Loch Ness-like in its rediscovery of the resurfaced ‘other.’
Two Novel Clinical Tests for the Diagnosis of Hip Labral Tears
Authors: Adib Farshad , Hartline Jacob , Donovan J. Skye , Kalachi Kourosh , Dehghan Pegah , Ochiai Derek
Published: February 2023

Background:

There are few well-studied clinical tests for the diagnosis of hip labral tears. As the differential diagnosis for hip pain is broad, accurate clinical examination is important in guiding advanced imaging and identifying patients who may benefit from surgical management.

Purpose:

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of 2 novel clinical tests for the diagnosis of hip labral tears.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Clinical examination findings including the Arlington, twist, and flexion-adduction-internal rotation (FADIR)/impingement tests as performed by a fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeon specializing in hip arthroscopy were obtained from retrospective chart review. The Arlington test ranges the hip from flexion-abduction-external rotation to FADIR while applying subtle internal rotation and external rotation motion. The twist test involves internal rotation and external rotation of the hip while weightbearing. Diagnostic accuracy statistics for each of the tests were calculated using magnetic resonance arthrography as the reference standard.

Results:

A total of 283 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 40.7 years (range, 13-77 years) and 66.4% were women. The Arlington test was found to have a sensitivity of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90-0.96), specificity of 0.33 (95% CI, 0.16-0.56), positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.92-0.97), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.26 (95% CI, 0.13-0.46). The twist test was found to have a sensitivity of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.62-0.73), specificity of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.49-0.88), PPV of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.94-0.99), and NPV of 0.13 (95% CI, 0.08-0.21). The FADIR/impingement test was found to have a sensitivity of 0.43 (95% CI, 0.37-0.49), specificity of 0.56 (95% CI, 0.34-0.75), PPV of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.87-0.97), and NPV of 0.06 (95% CI, 0.03-0.11). The Arlington test was significantly more sensitive than both the twist and FADIR/impingement tests ( P < .05), while the twist test was significantly more specific than the Arlington test ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

The Arlington test is more sensitive than the traditional FADIR/impingement test, while the twist test is more specific than the FADIR/impingement test in diagnosing hip labral tears in the hands of an experienced orthopaedic surgeon.
A Knitted PET Patch Enhances the Maturation of Regenerated Tendons in Bridging Reconstruction of Massive Rotator Cuff Tears in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Zhong Yuting , Jin Wenhe , Gao Han , Sun Luyi , Wang Peng , Zhang Jian , Ong Michael Tim Yun , Sai Chuen Bruma Fu , Chen Shiyi , Chen Jun
Published: February 2023

Background:

Although nondegradable synthetic grafts for bridging reconstruction of massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs) have shown satisfactory clinical outcomes, their function and details on graft-tendon healing and enthesis regeneration have not been fully studied.

Hypothesis:

The knitted polyethylene terephthalate (PET) patch as a nondegradable synthetic graft could provide sustained mechanical support, facilitating enthesis and tendon regeneration in the treatment of MRCTs.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A knitted PET patch was fabricated for bridging reconstruction (PET group) in a New Zealand White rabbit model of MRCTs (negative control group), and an autologous Achilles tendon was used as a control (autograft group). The animals were sacrificed, and tissue samples were harvested for gross observation as well as histological and biomechanical analyses at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively.

Results:

Histological analysis showed no significant difference in the graft-bone interface score between the PET and autograft groups at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Interestingly, in the PET group, Sharpey-like fibers were observed at 8 weeks, while fibrocartilage formation and the ingrowth of chondrocytes were recognized at 12 weeks. Meanwhile, the tendon maturing score was significantly higher in the PET group than in the autograft group (19.7 ± 1.5 vs 15.3 ± 1.2, respectively; P = .008) at 12 weeks, with parallel-oriented collagen fibers around the knitted PET patch. Moreover, the ultimate failure load of the PET group was similar to that of a healthy rabbit tendon at 8 weeks (125.6 ± 13.6 vs 130.8 ± 28.6 N, respectively; P > .05) and no different from that of the autograft group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks.

Conclusion:

The knitted PET patch could not only immediately reconstruct the mechanical support for the torn tendon postoperatively in the rabbit model of MRCTs but also enhanced maturation of the regenerated tendon by fibrocartilage formation and improved the organization of collagen fibers. Herein, the knitted PET patch could be a promising candidate graft adopted in bridging reconstruction of MRCTs.

Clinical Relevance:

A nondegradable knitted PET patch can safely bridge MRCTs with satisfactory mechanical strength and the promotion of tissue regeneration.
Predictors of Return to Work Following Primary Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: An Analysis of 1502 Cases
Authors: Ting Ryan S. , Rosenthal Ron , Shin Yaerhim , Shenouda Mina , Al-Housni Hilal S. A. , Lam Patrick H. , Murrell George A. C.
Published: February 2023

Background:

It is undetermined which factors predict return to work after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Purpose:

To identify which factors predicted return to work at any level and return to preinjury levels of work 6 months after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Multiple logistic regression analysis of prospectively collected descriptive, preinjury, preoperative, and intraoperative data from 1502 consecutive primary arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs, performed by a single surgeon, was performed to identify independent predictors of return to work at 6 months postoperatively.

Results:

Six months after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, 76% of patients had returned to work, and 40% had returned to preinjury levels of work. Return to work at 6 months was likely if patients were still working after their injuries but before surgery (Wald statistic [W] = 55, P < .0001), were stronger in internal rotation preoperatively (W = 8, P = .004), had full-thickness tears (W = 9, P = .002), and were female (W = 5, P = .030). Patients who continued working postinjury but presurgery were 1.6 times more likely to return to work at any level at 6 months compared to patients who were not working ( P < .0001). Patients who had a less strenuous preinjury level of work (W = 173, P < .0001), worked at a mild to moderate level post injury but presurgery, had greater preoperative behind-the-back lift-off strength (W = 8, P = .004), and had less preoperative passive external rotation range of motion (W = 5, P = .034) were more likely to return to preinjury levels of work at 6 months postoperatively. Specifically, patients who worked at a mild to moderate level postinjury but presurgery were 2.5 times more likely to return to work than patients who were not working, or who were working strenuously postinjury but presurgery ( p < 0.0001). Patients who nominated their preinjury level of work as “light” were 11 times more likely to return to preinjury levels of work at 6 months compared to those who nominated it as “strenuous” ( P < .0001).

Conclusion:

Six months after rotator cuff repair, patients who continued to work after injury but presurgery were the most likely to return to work at any level, and patients who had less strenuous preinjury levels of work were the most likely to return to their preinjury levels of work. Greater preoperative subscapularis strength independently predicted return to work at any level and to preinjury levels.
Exploring the Mechanism of Microfracture in the Treatment of Porcine Full-Thickness Cartilage Defect
Authors: Li Hui , He Zihao , Li Wenjing , Yao Jiaying , Lyu Cheng , Du Yanan , Xing Dan , Lin Jianhao
Published: February 2023

Background:

Microfracture has the most extensive clinical application because of its advantages of a single operation, unified process, and low operation cost. Because research on the repair mechanism of microfractures in the treatment of cartilage defects is not in-depth, this study aimed to elucidate the mechanism.

Purpose:

To identify the characteristic cell subsets at different repair stages after microfracture, systematically analyze the repair process of the defect area after microfracture, and investigate the mechanism of fibrocartilage repair.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Full-thickness articular cartilage defects and microfractures was established in the right knee of Bama miniature pigs. Single-cell transcriptional assays were used to identify the characteristics of cells isolated from healthy articular cartilage and regenerated tissues.

Results:

Microfractures induced mature fibrous repair in the full-thickness cartilage defect six months after surgery, while early stages of repair occurred within six weeks. Based on single-cell sequencing results, eight subsets and specific marker genes were identified. Two processes may occur after microfracture: normal hyaline cartilage regeneration and abnormal fibrocartilage repair. Regulatory chondrocytes, proliferative chondrocytes and cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs) may play important roles in the normal regeneration process. During abnormal repair, CPCs and skeletal stem cells may have different functions, and macrophages and endothelial cells may play important regulatory roles in the formation of fibrochondrocytes.

Conclusions:

Using single-cell transcriptome sequencing, this study investigated the tissue regeneration process and identified key cell subsets after microfracture.

Clinical Relevance:

These results provide future targets for optimizing the repair effect of microfracture.
A study of the interactions of carbon based fillers in acrylonitrile butadiene rubber matrix for high deformation sensor applications
Authors: Mensah Bismark , Yaya Abu , Onwona-Agyeman Boateng , Ofori Ralph Abakah , Dompreh Clive
Published: February 2023

A strain sensor was prepared by reinforcing acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)-5 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) carbon black (CBH) separately with small concentration (∼0.1phr) of reduced graphene oxide (GL), multi-walled, and carbon nanotube (NTL) via a combination of conventional solution and solid processing techniques. The interactions and the electronic properties among carbon based fillers NT, CB, G and their synergy effects (NBR-CBH-GL and NBR-CBH-NTL) were investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) modeling approach. The DFT predictions were in correspondence with the experimental results. The optimum design (NBR-CBH-GL) was found to show high curing, mechanical and improved electrical properties. On account of strain sensing performance, NBR-CBH-GL exhibited high gauge factor (GF) ∼105 at 0–40% strain, which was over 900% than NBR-CBH (GF ∼104 at 0–30% strain) and the highest reported so far. This was explained by the breaking of CB networks caused by tight NBR-G structures on straining, leading to high electrical resistance. The NBR-CBH-GL also demonstrated high stability and repeatability in the cyclic loading. In terms of applications, NBR-CBH-GL exhibited high capability for vibration detections and wearable sensing, especially for detection of human bodily motions like speeches, facial deformations, bending, and relaxation of the fingers.
Development and Validation of Multidimensional Scales of Public Confidence in Criminal Justice
Authors: Pyo Jimin
Published: February 2023

Despite growing interest in public confidence in criminal justice, robust confidence measures have not yet been established. Two studies were conducted to develop multidimensional measures of public confidence in criminal justice. Study 1 involved two-phased construction of scales in which a preliminary inventory was generated and then finalized after psychometric evaluations. Six multidimensional scales (62 items) were constructed for measuring efficiency-, finality-, fairness-, lawfulness-, accuracy-, and transparency-oriented confidence. Study 2 tested the predictive ability of the scale scores for cooperation with criminal justice institutions. Results highlight that higher confidence in authorities’ accurate fact-finding and fair treatment predicted greater willingness to assist institutions. Higher confidence in authorities’ lawfulness predicted greater compliance with the law. The six scales developed are a reliable and valid tool for measuring confidence in criminal justice and predicting cooperation with criminal institutions.
“She Must Be Experimental, Resourceful, and Have Sympathetic Understanding”: toxic white femininities as a Persona and Performance in School Social Work
Authors: Guz Samantha , Suslovic Brianna
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we theorize toxic white femininities as a performance and persona in school social work. To develop the theory and analytic tool of “toxic white femininities,” we used critical discourse analysis to analyze school social work professional association materials from 1906 to 1936. Our analysis isolated three performances of toxic white femininities in early 1900s school social work: (1) the exclusionary social and material gains of “her” professionalization, (2) “her” reinforcement of racial-gender-class hierarchies, and (3) “her” strategic use of helper identity to mask social control. We trace how these performances coalesced into a collective professional persona, operating beyond the scope of individual practitioners. This persona institutionalized a racialized-gendered professional identity, presented in the archives as a universal “she”—white, middle class, and feminine. With private funding from white elites in the early 20th century, school social workers—constructed discursively as white women—would become the “right” profession to shape the lives of young people and guard the privileges of whiteness. We close with a discussion of “her” long shadow and contemporary performances, outlying the ways toxic white femininities operate as a form of incremental violence impacting the profession and social services.
Disclosure of Sexual Victimization: Effects of Invalidation and Shame on Re-Disclosure
Authors: Catton Ashley K. H. , Dorahy Martin J. , Yogeeswaran Kumar
Published: February 2023

Research on disclosure of sexual victimization has consistently demonstrated that the act of disclosure and the disclosure recipient have a synergistic effect in facilitating either positive or negative post-assault outcomes. While negative judgments such as victim blame have been argued to serve a silencing function, experimental investigations of this claim are lacking. The current study investigated whether invalidating feedback in response to self-disclosure of a personally distressing event produced feelings of shame, and whether shame influenced subsequent decisions around re-disclosure. Feedback type (validating, invalidating, no feedback) was manipulated in a sample of 142 college students. Results partially supported the hypothesis that shame resulted from invalidation, however shame was better predicted by individual perceptions of invalidation than the experimental manipulation. Although few participants opted to make changes to the content of their narrative for re-disclosure, those who did had higher levels of state shame. Results suggest that shame may be the affective mechanism by which invalidating judgments silence victims of sexual violence. The present study also supports the distinction previously made between Restore and Protect motivations in managing this shame. This study provides experimental support for the notion that an aversion to being shamed, communicated via an individual’s perception of emotional invalidation, features in judgments of re-disclosure. Perceptions of invalidation, however, vary individually. Professionals working with victims of sexual violence should be mindful of the importance of shame attenuation in facilitating and encouraging disclosure.
Sexual Violence against Women in STEM: A Test of Backlash Theory Among Undergraduate Women
Authors: Reidy Dennis E. , Salazar Laura F. , Baumler Elizabeth , Wood Leila , Daigle Leah E.
Published: February 2023

It has been argued that increasing the number of women in the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields could mitigate violence against women by advancing gender equality. However, some research points to a “backlash” effect wherein gains in gender equality are associated with heighted sexual violence (SV) against women. In this study, we compare SV against undergraduate women majoring in STEM disciplines to those majoring in non-STEM disciplines. Data were collected between July and October of 2020 from undergraduate women ( N = 318) at five institutions of higher education in the United States. Sampling was stratified by STEM versus non-STEM majors and male-dominated versus gender-balanced majors. SV was measured using the revised Sexual Experiences Survey. Results indicated that women majoring in STEM disciplines that are gender balanced reported more SV victimization in the form of sexual coercion, attempted sexual coercion, attempted rape, and rape compared to their peers in both gender-balanced and male-dominated non-STEM and male-dominated STEM majors. These associations held even after controlling for age, race/ethnicity, victimization prior to college, sexual orientation, college binge drinking, and hard drug use during college. These data suggest that the risk of repeated SV victimization within STEM populations may be a threat to sustained gender parity in these fields and ultimately to gender equality and equity. Gender balance in STEM should not be furthered without addressing the potential use of SV as a potential means of social control over women.
Neighborhood Social Support and Social Participation as Predictors of Dating Violence
Authors: Rodrigues Paul , Hébert Martine , Philibert Mathieu
Published: February 2023

Many adolescents experience violence in the context of dating and romantic relationships. Neighborhoods can influence dating violence by offering certain resources which can provide social support and opportunities for social participation, but knowledge about these effects is still limited. The purpose of the current study was to (a) assess the association between neighborhood social support, social participation, and dating violence, and (b) explore possible gender difference in these associations. This study was conducted on a subsample of 511 participants living in Montréal from the Québec Health Survey of High School Students (QHSHSS 2016–2017). QHSHSS data were used to measure psychological and physical/sexual violence (perpetration and victimization), neighborhood social support, and social participation, as well as individual and family covariates. Several neighborhood-level data from multiple sources were also used as covariates. Logistic regressions were performed to estimate associations between neighborhood social support and social participation, and Dating violence (DV). Analyses were conducted separately for girls and boys to explore possible gender differences. Findings suggest that girls who reported high neighborhood social support had a lower risk of perpetrating psychological DV. High social participation was associated with a lower risk of perpetrating physical/sexual DV for girls, whereas it was associated with a higher risk of perpetrating psychological DV for boys. Preventive strategies to foster social support in neighborhoods, such as mentoring programs, and the development of community organizations to increase the social participation of adolescents could help reduce DV. To address the perpetration of DV by boys, prevention programs in community and sports organizations targeting male peer groups should also be developed to prevent these behaviors.
A Case Report of Cardiac Arrest After Intravenous Administration of Sulfur Hexafluoride (Lumason®) Ultrasound Enhancing Agent
Authors: Arnouk Serena , Huynh Quy , Saric Muhamed , Papadopoulos John
Published: February 2023

Ultrasound enhancing agents (UEAs) are medications that enable clear visualization of ultrasound images. While large studies have demonstrated the safety of these agents, case reports of life-threatening reactions temporally associated with their use have been published and reported to the Food and Drug Administration. Current literature describes the most serious adverse reactions due to UEAs to be allergic in nature; however, embolic phenomena may play a role as well. Here, we report a case of unexplained cardiac arrest following the administration of sulfur hexafluoride (Lumason®) in an adult inpatient undergoing echocardiography where resuscitative efforts were ultimately unsuccessful, and review possible mechanisms of cardiac arrest based on prior published literature.
Optimization of the target pressure distribution and inverse design of an axial turbine blade
Authors: Esmaeili Safa , Sepahi-Younsi Javad
Published: February 2023

The most critical step in designing a turbomachine is to design the blades. In this study, an axial turbine blade is designed using an inverse design method called Ball-Spine Algorithm. In some cases, the target pressure distribution is not specified in the inverse design process, and it has to be determined arbitrarily by the designer. This study is conducted in order to compute the optimal target pressure distribution by maximizing the cascade blade efficiency. Optimization is carried out using the Genetic Algorithm. Two commercial software packages, ANSYS and MATLAB, are used in this research. Since inverse design is an iterative process, these software packages are linked together to execute the whole procedure automatically. Validation of the approach is accomplished by redesigning an existing blade. Then the optimization method is applied, and the desired blade is inversely designed. Results show that the cascade blade efficiency increases by about 9% on average for this blade.
Investigation of fused deposition modeling parameters on mechanical properties and characterization of ABS/carbon fiber composites
Authors: Kumar Krishnan Ravi , Soms Nisha , Kumar Murugesan
Published: February 2023

The effect of parameters of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites reinforced with carbon fabricated by fused deposition modeling was studied in this work. Parameters like infill density, raster angle, layer thickness, and printing parameters are varied and their influence on mechanical properties was analyzed experimentally. Experiments were planned by the design of experiments technique and mathematical equations were generated to analyze the impact of these parameters. ANOVA is involved to ensure the validity of the mathematical equations. The mechanism of the fractured samples was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The tensile strength of ABS/carbon fiber composites ranges from 21.74 to 28.09 N/mm2, while the flexural strength ranges from 2.62 to 3.14 N/mm2 and the impact strength ranges from 3.66 to 5.19 kJ/m2. The fracture of composites is characterized by cavities, infill gaps, bonding, dimples, tearing debonding of fiber, crack, delamination, shearing, crack, and fiber protrusion. The nature of failure varied from ductile to brittle depending upon the change in process parameters.
Method of aeroengine fault diagnosis based on a Fingerprint map
Authors: Li Yao-hua , Gou Ying-qi , Pan Cheng , Song Kaige
Published: February 2023

The electrification and intelligentization trends of aeroengine systems present new challenges for the diagnostics of traditionally centralized control architectures. Scientific and practical fault diagnosis is of great significance for reducing aeroengine failures, improving operation efficiency, and ensuring safety. To realize accurate fault diagnosis, an aeroengine fault diagnosis method based on an improved fingerprint map is proposed in this paper. Based on aeroengine data analysis, ISTOA-SVM diagnostic model that embeds improved fingerprint map data as a priori knowledge is adopted to identify the fault sets. Data based on the statistics of the fingerprint map are processed with a ratio coefficient, and the feature parameters are appended through Floyd-principal component analysis (Floyd-PCA) to increase the identification data dimension. On the other hand, to improve the diagnostic performance of the classifier, the sooty terns optimization algorithm algorithm combined with chaotic maps, a variable helix mechanism and a separating operator is designed, and the ISTOA-SVM is constructed. The fault diagnosis method was validated by using a real-world dataset of aeroengines. Comparison experiments show that the proposed method is superior in performance over the state-of-the-art approaches in diagnostic precision under the constraint of limited data. The ISTOA-SVM addresses the issue that similar features may be confused in traditional fingerprint maps. The results are presented through 5 practical cases. The study demonstrates that the proposed method achieves superior performance and can be applied to aeroengine fault diagnosis.
The 38th NIR Forum (Japan)
Authors: Ikehata Akifumi
Published: February 2023

This is a report on the 38th Near Infrared Forum in Tokyo. This was our first in-person meeting in three years, since 2019. Due to the fact that COVID-19 is still in effect, some of the sessions were also online, considering the restrictions on international travel and the keeping of social distance. However, as a result, the event was a success with over 200 participants.
Telehealth-supervised exercise in systemic lupus erythematosus: A pilot study
Authors: Frade Stephanie , O’Neill Sean , Walsh Samantha , Campbell Chloe , Greene David , Bird Stephen P. , Cameron Melainie
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of telehealth-supervised exercise for adults with Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

This was a non-randomised controlled pilot trial comparing telehealth-supervised exercise (8 weeks, 2 days/week, 45 min, moderate intensity) plus usual care with usual care alone. Mixed methods were used to assess change in fatigue (FACIT-fatigue), quality of life (SF36), resting fatigue and pain (11-point scale), lower body strength (five-time sit-to-stand) and endurance (30 s sit-to-stand), upper body endurance (30 s arm curl), aerobic capacity (2 min step test), and experience (survey and interviews). Group comparison was performed statistically using a two-sample T-test or Mann–Whitney U-test. Where known, we used MCID or MCII, or assumed a change of 10%, to determine clinically meaningful change within groups over time. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Fifteen female adults with SLE were included (control group n = 7, exercise group n = 8). Statistically significant differences between groups, in favour of the exercise intervention, were noted for SF36 domain emotional well-being ( p = 0.048) and resting fatigue ( p = 0.012). There were clinically meaningful improvements over time for FACIT-fatigue (+6.3 ± 8.3, MCID >5.9), SF36 domains physical role functioning (+30%), emotional role functioning (+55%), energy/fatigue (+26%), emotional well-being (+19%), social functioning (+30%), resting pain (−32%), and upper body endurance (+23%) within the exercise group. Exercise attendance was high (98%, 110/112 sessions); participants strongly agreed ( n = 5/7, 71%) or agreed ( n = 2/7, 29%) they would do telehealth-supervised exercise again and were satisfied with the experience. Four themes emerged: (1) ease and efficiency of exercising from home, (2) value of live exercise instruction, (3) challenges of exercising at home, and (4) continuation of telehealth-supervised exercise sessions.

Conclusion

Key findings from this mixed-method investigation suggest that telehealth-supervised exercise was feasible for, and well-accepted by, adults with SLE and resulted in some modest health improvements. We recommend a follow-up RCT with more SLE participants.
‘You just get used to waiting’: Exploring the temporal dimensions of in-country educational experiences
Authors: Naidu Kate
Published: February 2023

This article explores the temporal dimensions of in-country educational experiences in relation to their potential to contribute to the development of intercultural capacities. Given trends in higher education towards ‘globalising’ students and the perceived benefits of study abroad, this article argues for a detailed and nuanced examination of the temporal dimensions of such experiences. This analysis reveals the complex and multiple ways in which relations to ‘time’ might act pedagogically upon participants. Drawing on a study of Australian university students undertaking semester-long programs in Indonesia, qualitative data gathered over a period of time (pre-departure, while in-country, and post-return) demonstrates the ways in which temporality operates in the potential development of interculturality. Firstly, engagement with alternate temporal framing is considered, through a discussion of students’ navigation of ‘Indonesian time’. Secondly, the multitude of times operating in this context are examined. Finally, the significance of diverse temporal rhythms in-country is discussed. Utilising Bourdieu’s conceptual tools, particularly the notion of habitus, these three areas of analysis indicate the significance of understanding the development of intercultural capacities as a range of pedagogic processes that are both cumulative and embodied. This research demonstrates how engaging with diverse temporal relations in-country can function pedagogically to expand one’s repertoire of dispositions; not only through an opening up to new ‘possibles’, but also through allowing time to establish new responses and ways of being in the world.
Imposed Geography and Contested Spaces Among Borderland Communities in the Indo-Myanmar Borderland: The Case of Konyak Nagas and Khiamniungan Nagas
Authors: Ketoukhrie-ü
Published: February 2023

Imposed geography in the form of cartographic mapping and boundary lines is part of the state-making and production of ‘legible’ subjects throughout the world. As a result of such impositions, there have been constant claims and contestations of space, nation and citizenship among the borderland communities. Such claims and contestations have sustained and reinforced connections and mobility of the borderland communities across the border. Such cross-border connections and mobility are found very commonly even among the borderland communities of Northeast India. With huge borderlands, Northeast India has diverse borderland communities that maintain close ethnic ties across artificial and imposed boundaries. Based on fieldwork conducted both in India and Myanmar, the present article centres on the Konyak Nagas and Khiamniungan Nagas living on both sides of the Indo-Myanmar boundary and looks at how these borderland communities constantly negotiate with the imposed border and sustain their relationship across the border. The article delves into the question of how such imposed geography has resulted in the contestation of space, nation and citizenship among the borderland communities which points toward new layers of complicacy defying the very rationale of a hard border.
Application of Mobile-Based Games in The Rehabilitation of Stroke Survivors
Authors: Norouzkhani Narges , Hamednia Mahsa , Aalaei Shokoufeh
Published: February 2023

Background

Stroke, as a cerebral vascular accident, leads to brain injury which is characterized by interrupted blood flow. Indeed, impairments in the face, arms, and speech are usual symptoms of a stroke. A variety of disorders emerges after stroke, specific rehabilitation programs are used to restore the lost functions and improve the health status of the patient, mainly if they are applied early. In this study, we tried to present a comprehensive appraisal of recent findings and innovations in mobile games intended for the rehabilitation of stroke survivors.

Methods

Using keywords of interest including rehabilitation, stroke, mobile/computer, and application/game, a thorough search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Retrieved papers were scrutinized based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results

Unfortunately, due to the limitations in the resources and facilities, early rehabilitation is not feasible in most cases. However, mobile technology is a promising avenue to address this hurdle, substantiating in the early rehabilitation practices in stroke patients. Mobile games hopefully brings a bunch of valuable outcomes and benefits, such as innovation, low-cost, and exciting approaches, both in clinical and home settings. Indeed, mobile devices save time, which could be spent to improve fine motor functions, leading to the acceleration of treatment for patients who are at home after discharge from hospitals.

Conclusion

Acceptable motor improvement, visual perception, cognition, quality of life, satisfaction, and preferences of the patients are essential factors that should be considered in the design of these applications. It was shown that conventional strategies combined with such modern computer-based technologies might have synergistic effects on restoring the lost skills in stroke patients.
Player Experience and Enjoyment: A Preliminary Examination of Differences in Video Game Genre
Authors: Eshuis Sean , Pozzebon Kay , Allen Andrew , Kannis-Dymand Lee
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Player experience is the interaction between individual qualities and game attributes. It is becoming a popular topic to understand why individuals are interested in different video games. The current literature offers a range of different scales that measure similar player experience factors but often lack published validity analysis. The Player Experience Index is an empirically validated measure based on the means-end theory. The current study used this measure to analyse player experience factors and enjoyment among single-player shooter, single-player role-playing, massively multiplayer online shooter, and massively multiplayer online role-playing video games.

Methods

Analyses were based on a sample of 145 participants who completed an online survey.

Results

Results indicated that player experience factors were related to enjoyment, with differing results based on video game genre. It was also found that greater levels of enjoyment were reported by participants who preferred single-player mode of play compared to massively multiplayer online play mode, and participants who preferred single-player role-playing games indicated greater levels of enjoyment than the other three groups.

Discussion

While there was an uneven and small sample size for each video game category, the findings of this exploratory study highlight that further research is warranted. Future research should consider analysing the player experience for currently available and marketed video games to better understand how player experience influences enjoyment in the rapidly evolving gaming industry and its role in gaming design.
A Meta-Ethnography on the Impact of Cancer for Lesbian and Queer Women and Their Partners
Authors: Raque Trisha L. , Ross Kaitlin V. , Hangge Anna R. , Gaines Rebecca C.
Published: February 2023

Lesbian and queer women face unique experiences navigating cancer care, including challenges in accessing services that incorporate their relational supports. Given the importance of social support for survivorship, this study examines the impact of cancer on lesbian/queer women in romantic relationships. We conducted the seven stages of Noblit and Hare’s meta-ethnography. PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, and Social Sciences Abstract databases were searched. Two hundred and ninety citations were initially identified, 179 abstracts were reviewed, and 20 articles were coded. Themes were (a) intersectionality of lesbian/queer identity in the cancer context; (b) institutional and systemic supports and barriers; (c) navigation of disclosure; (d) characteristics of affirmative cancer care; (e) survivors’ critical reliance on their partner(s); and (f) shifts in connection after cancer. Findings indicate the importance of accounting for intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, and socio-cultural–political factors for understanding the impact of cancer for lesbian and queer women and their romantic partners. Affirmative cancer care for sexual minorities fully validates and integrates partners in care, removes heteronormative assumptions in services provided, and offers LGB+ patient and partner support services.
Contemplating the Impacts of Canadian Healthcare Institutions That Refuse to Provide Medical Assistance in Dying: A Framework-Based Discussion of Potential Health Access Implications
Authors: Knox Michelle , Wagg Adrian
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Following the historic Canadian legislation on medical assistance in dying (MAiD) in 2016, many implementation challenges and ethical quandaries have formed the focus of further scholarly investigation and policy revisions. Of these, conscientious objections held by some healthcare institutions have involved relatively less scrutiny, despite indicating possible hurdles to the universal availability of MAiD services in Canada.

Methods

In this paper, we contemplate potential accessibility concerns that pertain specifically to service access, with the hope to trigger further systematic research and policy analysis on this frequently overlooked aspect of MAiD implementation. We organize our discussion using two important health access frameworks: Levesque and colleagues’ Conceptual Framework for Access to Health and the Provisional Framework for MAiD System Information Needs (Canadian Institute for Health Information).

Results

Our discussion is organized along five framework dimensions through which institutional non-participation may generate or exacerbate inequities in MAiD utilization. Considerable overlaps are revealed across framework domains, indicating the complexity of the problem and the need for further investigation.

Conclusion

Conscientious dissensions on the part of healthcare institutions form a likely barrier to ethical, equitable, and patient-oriented MAiD service provision. Comprehensive, systematic evidence is urgently needed to understand the nature and scope of resulting impacts. We urge Canadian healthcare professionals, policymakers, ethicists, and legislators to attend to this crucial issue in future research and in policy discussions.
The Impact of Visitor Restrictions During COVID-19 Pandemic on Bereaved Family Members of Patients in Palliative Care Units
Authors: Kihara Ayumi , Kambayashi Takatoyo , Shimonouchi Yasuo , Mabuchi Makiko , Nagai Ayumi , Kanzaki Iku , Fukagawa Miyuki
Published: February 2023

COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the families of patients in Palliative Care Units because of the visitor restrictions which were introduced to reduce the risk of infection. This study investigates how the bereaved families of the patients who died in end-of-life care during the pandemic evaluate the visitor restrictions and how the lack of direct communication with the patient affected them. We conducted a quantitative survey using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Participants were the bereaved families of patients who died in a Palliative Care Unit from April 2020 to March 2021. Their perspectives on the negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic on visitations, visitor restrictions, the quality of medical care in the month before the death of the patient, and online visitations were recorded in the survey. The results show that most participants experienced a negative impact on visitations. However, most respondents felt that the restrictions were unavoidable. According to visitor permissions in patients’ last days, bereaved families were satisfied with the medical care provided for the patient and the amount of time spent with the patient in his/her last days. The importance of direct meetings during the last days of the patients’ life for their family members was presented. We suggest further research to find measures which enable visitation in palliative care units, as caregiving from family and friends and maintaining COVID safety regulations are equally significant in end-of-life care.
Quetiapine for the Treatment of Pediatric Delirium
Authors: Caballero Alexandra , Bashqoy Ferras , Santos Laura , Herbsman Jodi , Papadopoulos John , Saad Anasemon
Published: February 2023

Background:

Delirium is a common complication of critical illness, with a prevalence of 25% among pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Pharmacological treatment options for ICU delirium are limited to off-label use of antipsychotics, but their benefit remains uncertain.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate quetiapine effectiveness for the treatment of delirium in critically ill pediatric patients and to describe the safety profile of quetiapine.

Methods:

A single-center, retrospective review of patients aged ≤ 18 years who screened positive for delirium via the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD ≥ 9) and received ≥ 48 hours of quetiapine therapy was conducted. The relationship between quetiapine and deliriogenic medication doses was evaluated.

Results:

This study included 37 patients who received quetiapine for the treatment of delirium. The change in sedation requirements before quetiapine initiation to 48 hours after the highest quetiapine dose demonstrated a downward trend; 68% of patients had a decrease in opioid requirements and 43% of patients had a decrease in benzodiazepine requirements. The median CAPD score at baseline was 17 and the median CAPD score at 48 hours after the highest dose was 16. Three patients experienced QTc prolongation (defined as a QTc ≥ 500), although none developed dysrhythmias.

Conclusion and relevance:

Quetiapine did not have a statistically significant impact on deliriogenic medication doses. There were minimal changes in QTc and dysrhythmias were not identified. Therefore, quetiapine can be safe to use in our pediatric patients but further studies are needed to find an effective dose.
Nonsebaceous Lymphadenoma of the Salivary Glands: A Potential Overdiagnosis Pitfall
Authors: Piao Zheng Hua , Gan Yong Li , Li Geng
Published: February 2023

Nonsebaceous lymphadenoma is a rare benign salivary tumor. It is easily misdiagnosed as lymphoepithelial carcinoma, leading to overtreatment. Some patients experience sequelae after undergoing cervical lymph node resection and adjuvant treatment, so it is critical to distinguish these entities. We describe the histopathological and immunohistochemical features of this rare entity in 3 cases and discuss the differential diagnosis and histogenesis. Nonsebaceous lymphadenoma can be distinguished from lymphoepithelial carcinoma by the following histological features: There is a lymph node–like form at low magnification, with prominent proliferating epithelial nests but no destructive growth pattern; variable numbers of tubuloglandular components are always seen in proliferating epithelial nests, which transition to cystically dilated salivary ducts; no lesion necrosis exists; and mitotic figures are absent or rare. No patients experienced recurrence during the 8- to 69-month (mean, 29 months) follow-up.