bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE US FOREIGN ECONOMIC POLICY IN 2017-2020: CORONAVIRUS TEST
Authors: Emelianov E. V. , Aksenov P. A.
Published: June 2020

Cutting US Federal Reserve’s policy rate in response to coronavirus, financial measures to fight the possible perspectives of recession may be very effective in the short run, but the case is more complicated than ever been. The usual tools of economic policy are under the question and Trump's trade policy seems to be on the way of the United States fight against COVID-19. The American tariffs on Chinese products – from protective gear for doctors and nurses, personal protective equipment, masks, sterile gloves to the medical equipment – have its impact on the United States market and may contribute to shortages of these products. So the Trump administration’s tariffs may hit medical products which are needed for treating COVID-19 and become an obstacle to fight this pandemic. While some exclusions were made, their effectiveness is limited. At the same time cancellation of sanctions may contribute to fight this pandemic by allowing access to medical products and supporting international trade at the face of recession.
Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE) e Educação Especial
Authors: Costa Soares Cabral Rosangela , Rocha Damasceno Allan , Regina Machado Januzzi Loureiro Célia , Rocha Moreira Joana , Maria Lourenço de Azevedo Sonia
Published: June 2020

Discutir sobre as concepções e os impactos do Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE), é um grande desafio perante a especificidade do público caracterizado como público-alvo da Educação Especial (PAEE), que por intermédio das lentes da Teoria Crítica, usada como suporte teórico para estabelecer um panorama crítico, buscando problematizar as questões históricas, sociais, econômicas e culturais que contribuíram para o estudo, relacionando-as à educação inclusiva nessa modalidade de ensino. As discussões deste artigo buscam caracterizar as leis atuais em vista o atendimento das demandas educacionais e pedagógicas dos estudantes público-alvo da educação especial e refletir acerca de sua implicação na inclusão desses estudantes. Como procedimentos/instrumentos metodológicos foram utilizados a análise documental referente às políticas públicas inerentes ao Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE). Os resultados desta investigação revelam a luta constante por uma escola inclusiva/democrática, através de um atendimento que contribua para o real desenvolvimento desse público, combatendo os processos exclusórios sofridos não só pelas pessoas com deficiência, mas por todos aqueles que são marginalizados historicamente.
In-Vitro Screening and Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites from a New Streptomyces sp. SA1 from a Marine Environment
Authors: Almalki Mohammed A.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Streptomyces sp. produces various antibiotic agents and the number of lead
molecules from the genus Streptomyces increased rapidly in recent years. Drug resistance against various
commercially available antibiotics is one of the important problems throughout the world. Streptomyces
spp. produce various antimicrobials with potent activity against drug-resistant bacteria.

Methods:

Streptomyces sp. SA1 was isolated from the marine environment for the biosynthesis of antibiotics.
The important variables influencing secondary metabolite biosynthesis were optimized to increase
the biosynthesis of antimicrobial agents using the traditional method and statistical approach.

Results:

Streptomyces sp. SA1 produced novel antibiotics and the process variables were optimized by
the traditional method (One-variable-at-a-time approach). Maltose showed maximum antimicrobial activity
(220 U/mL). Analysis of the nitrogen, the effect of nitrogen sources revealed that beef extract incorporated
culture medium showed rich antibacterial activity (188/mL). Among the ionic sources, KCl
significantly influenced antibiotic production. Maltose, beef extract and KCl were considered as the
most influencing medium components. Antimicrobial agent biosynthesis was achieved with maltose
1.22 g/L, beef extract 0.93 g/L and KCl 0.27 g/L in response surface methodology.

Conclusion:

Actinomycetes, especially Streptomyces, play an important role as a source for bioactive
compounds that are used to treat infections, and many other diseases. The isolated Streptomyces sp.
was a good producer of antibacterial agent, which required various nutritional supplements in the culture
medium. The optimized medium components investigated in this study will be useful for future
studies with the mass production of secondary metabolites.
Can Functionally Mature Islet β-Cells be Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells? A Step Towards Ready-To-Use β-Cells in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Khand Bishnu K. , Bhonde Ramesh R.
Published: June 2020

Pluripotent Stem Cells [PSCs] are emerging as an excellent cellular source for the treatment
of many degenerative diseases such as diabetes, ischemic heart failure, Alzheimer’s disease, etc. PSCderived
pancreatic islet β-cells appear to be a promising therapy for type 1 diabetic patients with impaired
β-cell function. Several protocols have been developed to derive β-cells from PSCs. However,
these protocols produce β-like cells that show low glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) function
and mirror GSIS profile of functionally immature neonatal β-cells. Several studies have documented a
positive correlation between the sirtuins (a family of ageing-related proteins) and the GSIS function of
adult β-cells. We are of the view that the GSIS function of PSC-derived β-like cells could be enhanced
by improving the function of sirtuins in them. Studying the sirtuin expression and activation pattern
during the β-cell development and inclusion of the sirtuin activators and inhibitor cocktail (specific to a
developmental stage) in the present protocols may help us derive functionally mature, ready-to-use β-
cells in-vitro making them suitable for transplantation in type 1 diabetes.
Single Photon Emission Tomography in the Diagnostic Assessment of Cardiac and Vascular Infectious Diseases
Authors: Lawal Ismaheel O. , Kleyhans Janke , Mokoala Kgomotso M.G. , Vorster Mariza , Ebenhan Thomas , Zeevaart Jan Rijn , Sathekge Mike M.
Published: June 2020

Cardiac and vascular infection is an arising cause of mortality and morbidity in the adult
population. Diagnosis based on culture and anatomic imaging are frequently inconclusive. Radiolabeled
leucocyte scintigraphy plays a useful role in the diagnosis and management of these serious
infectious conditions. In this paper, we present an update on the diagnostic performance of single-
photon emission tomographic (SPECT) techniques using different radionuclides in the management
of patients with cardiac and vascular infections. We performed a thorough search of recent literature
on the topic. We present a discussion on the clinical utility of different SPECT tracers in
cardiac and vascular infections, including infective endocarditis, cardiac implantable electronic device
(CIED) infections, left ventricular assist device infection, and vascular graft infection. Radionuclide
technique using SPECT tracers is a useful imaging modality in the diagnosis of cardiac
infection. Among the different SPECT tracers for infection imaging, radiolabeled leucocyte scintigraphy
is currently the most useful tool in the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected
cardiac and vascular infection. Radiolabeled leucocyte scintigraphy has a high specificity, a result
of the ability of the leucocytes to accumulate as sites of pyogenic infection but not at sites of sterile
inflammation such as seen in the early post-operative period or in response to the presence of a
prosthetic cardiac or vascular material. Limited experience with radiotracers for in vivo labelling of
leucocytes such as 99mTc-sulesomab and 99mTc-besilesomab show acceptable diagnostic performance
without the need for the tedious process of ex-vivo labeling. 67Ga scintigraphy used to be
popular for cardiac and vascular infection imaging. Its use has run out of favor following the availability
of more effective molecular imaging methods. SPECT techniques with radiolabeled leucocyte
scintigraphy has a high diagnostic performance in the evaluation of patients with suspected cardiac
or vascular infection. It is able to confirm or reject the presence of infection when results of
anatomic imaging or culture remain inconclusive. Its diagnostic performance is not compromised
by sterile inflammation occurring in the early post-operative period or in response to implanted
prosthetic materials.
The COVID-19 and Ageism in Social Media
Authors: Momtaz Yadollah Abolfathi
Published: June 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was recognized as a pandemic on 11 March 2020.
However, the median age of laboratory-confirmed cases is about 45 years and age is not a sole potential
risk for catching COVID-19; unfortunately, some social media pretend that elderly people are more
likely to be infected by COVID-19. Providing such information about the COVID-19 can increase the
stress and anxiety among the elderly that may weaken their immune system. It is suggested that social
media provide appropriate information to reduce public stress.
Pilot Studies of Concrete Beams Deformability Reinforced with Composite Reinforcement
Authors: Vetrova O. A.
Published: June 2020

Purpose of research. Analysis is done on the basis of experimental data of loading level impact on deformability of beams with steel and composite fiberglass reinforcement at prolonged loads.

Methods. Experimental studies of concrete bending elements of two series were carried out: the first is reinforced with composite fiberglass reinforcement of ASK class, the second is reinforced with steel reinforcement of А400 class. Studies of experimental samples were carried out under long-term loads. The structures were under different loads during the experiment: at design load, at 1.2 level from design load and at 1.5 from the design load. Concrete deformations and deflections of experimental beams of two series were fixed.

Results. Dependence on time of concrete deformations of experimental samples of two series at different loading levels, dependence of deflection growth on load application level, influence dependence of loading level of elements on speed and intensity of creep deformation growth of beams with fiberglass and steel reinforcement are stated on the basis of experimental data. In particular, the bends of all samples with fiberglass reinforcement exceeded the maximum permissible value, while the maximum deflection of reinforced concrete beams in the middle of the section did not exceed maximum permissible value.

Conclusion. On the basis of the obtained data, conclusions are drawn on the nature and magnitude of long-term deformations of beams with fiberglass and steel reinforcement at different levels of long-term loads. This conclusion is significant in practical sense when using concrete structures with composite reinforcement taking into account a small number of research data.
Web-Based Dental Patient Education and Management Application (Preprint)
Authors: Hama Saeed Mariwan
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

It is difficult for hospitals and clinics to manage their documents related to their patients and routine works without having management software.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this paper is to develop and evaluate a web-based dental clinic application for managing and educating patients.

METHODS

The application will be developed with recent web technologies such as ASP.NET, JavaScript, Bootstrap, and Web Service; it is hosted in the Cloud and it is powered by Microsoft Azure Cloud computing Service. A clinic has been selected to use and evaluate the application.

RESULTS

The evaluation results of the application show that the application meets its objectives of managing and educating patients.

CONCLUSIONS

It can be updated and extended to use in other clinics for management and universities for learning and researching purposes.
Use of Social Media to Promote Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Plackett Ruth , Kaushal Aradhna , Kassianos Angelos P , Cross Aaron , Lewins Douglas , Sheringham Jessica , Waller Jo , von Wagner Christian
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

Social media is commonly used in public health interventions to promote cancer screening and early diagnosis, as it can rapidly deliver targeted public health messages to large numbers of people. However, there is currently little understanding of the breadth of social media interventions and evaluations, whether they are effective, and how they might improve outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

This scoping review aimed to map the evidence for social media interventions to improve cancer screening and early diagnosis, including their impact on behavior change and how they facilitate behavior change.

METHODS

Five databases and the grey literature were searched to identify qualitative and quantitative evaluations of social media interventions targeting cancer screening and early diagnosis. Two reviewers independently reviewed each abstract. Data extraction was carried out by one author and verified by a second author. Data on engagement was extracted using an adapted version of the key performance indicators and metrics related to social media use in health promotion. Insights, exposure, reach, and differing levels of engagement, including behavior change, were measured. The behavior change technique taxonomy was used to identify how interventions facilitated behavior change.

RESULTS

Of the 23 publications and reports included, the majority (16/23, 70%) evaluated national cancer awareness campaigns (eg, breast cancer awareness month). Most interventions delivered information via Twitter (13/23, 57%), targeted breast cancer (12/23, 52%), and measured exposure, reach, and low- to medium-level user engagement, such as number of likes (9/23, 39%). There were fewer articles about colorectal and lung cancer than about breast and prostate cancer campaigns. One study found that interventions had less reach and engagement from ethnic minority groups. A small number of articles (5/23, 22%) suggested that some types of social media interventions might improve high-level engagement, such as intended and actual uptake of screening. Behavior change techniques, such as providing social support and emphasizing the consequences of cancer, were used to engage users. Many national campaigns delivered fundraising messages rather than actionable health messages.

CONCLUSIONS

The limited evidence suggests that social media interventions may improve cancer screening and early diagnosis. Use of evaluation frameworks for social media interventions could help researchers plan more robust evaluations that measure behavior change. We need a greater understanding of who engages with these interventions to know whether social media can be used to reduce some health inequalities in cancer screening and early diagnosis.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033592
Ethical Code of Islamic Psychotherapy in Indonesia
Authors: Saifuddin Ahmad
Published: June 2020

Islamic psychotherapy has been an interesting discussion over the past few years. This is indicated by the number of studies on Islamic psychotherapy, both literature studies and experiments. As a method of psychotherapy, Islamic psychotherapy cannot be separated from ethics code. However, Islamic psychotherapy is based on two principles, namely the science of psychology and Islamic religion. It leads to debate about the form of ethical code of Islamic psychotherapy. This study aimed to provide suggestions for the formulation of a code of ethics in Islamic psychotherapy using literature study. The result is a clear formulation of ethical code of Islamic psychotherapy. The formulation is based on psychology ethics which is then interpreted according to the context of Islamic psychotherapy. It is intended that the perception and implementation of Islamic psychotherapy can be standardized and not leading to ethical violations
Interlanguage as an Outcome of Bilingual Systems in Contact
Authors: Wei Longxing
Published: June 2020

Most previous studies of interlanguage regarded commonly observed learner errors as a universal or developmental phenomenon and related language transfer in second language learning to the developing interlanguage system itself. Though language transfer is often defined as one of the processes responsible for interlanguage, the relationship and interaction between the learner’s first language and the target language is largely ignored. This study assumes that any interlanguage system is “composite” in nature because in second language learning several linguistic systems come into contact, and each contributes different amounts to the developing interlanguage system. It further assumes that the bilingual mental lexicon contains abstract elements called “lemmas” about individual lexemes, and lemmas in the bilingual mental lexicon are language-specific and are in contact in interlanguage production. Based on some research findings, this study concludes that language transfer or learner errors in interlanguage production should be understood as lemma transfer of the learner’s first language abstract lexical structure; the developing interlanguage system is driven by an incompletely acquired abstract lexical structure of a target language item. This study treats interlanguage as an outcome of bilingual systems in contact at a rather abstract level to provide an explanatory account of second language acquisition.
NUEVO REGISTRO GEOGRÁFICO DE TRIATOMA BARBERI EN EL MUNICIPIO APIZACO, TLAXCALA, MÉXICO
Authors: Dávalos-Becerril Eduardo , Hernández-Hernández Verónica , Huerta-Jiménez Herón , Téllez-Rendón Juan Luis
Published: June 2020

En México se han reportado alrededor de 33 especies de triatominos, distribuidas prácticamente
en todos los estados del país. De éstas especies, Triatoma barberi Usinger, 1939, es una de las más
importantes en la transmisión de Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, 1909, por su amplio potencial
vectorial y por su extensa distribución en varios estados.
ASPECTOS DEL COMPORTAMIENTO DE GRAPSUS GRAPSUS (LINNAEUS, 1758) EN LA ZONA INTERMAREAL DE PUERTO VALLARTA, JALISCO, MÉXICO
Authors: BÁRCENAS-GUTIÉRREZ SANDRA QUETZALLI , JÁUREGUI-VELÁZQUEZ ERICK EMMANUEL
Published: June 2020

The social and reproductive behaviour of G. grapsus are related to aggressive demonstrations. These interactions are common in the acquisition or defence of resources. In this study was observed the behaviour of a crabs population and its relation to the frequency of mutilation in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco. 93.16% of the total recording time, the organisms remained standing (20.14%), feeding (19.27%), walking (16.98%) or in the refuge (32.08%). Only 5.21% of the time corresponds to aggressive behaviours, since the first reaction to an aggression is run away, only 1.88% of the recording time the organisms were fighting. The sex ratio was 1:0.64 males/females. 62.50% of the females and 40% of the males showed mutilations, but there was no significant difference between females and males. However, in the months of August and July the males presented greater mutilation that was related to the reproductive period. During the reproduction and in general for the activities of G. grapsus, the displacement is characterized by the jumps that it makes, reason why the number of mutilations directly affects in the survival of the organism.
ESTUARIOS CIEGOS EN LA COSTA DE VERACRUZ, MÉXICO
Authors: CHÁVEZ-LÓPEZ RAFAEL
Published: June 2020

Como parte de su historia, la disciplina acuática del estudio de los estuarios ha estado en una condición de ignorancia respecto a la ecología dulceacuícola y a la ecología marina por la facilidad que les ha implicado a sus seguidores afirmar que estos cuerpos de agua son meras zonas de paso entre las bocas de los ríos y las entradas a los océanos, al grado que ahora en algunas partes del mundo se definen de manera poco comprometida y ambigua como “aguas transicionales” (McLusky y Elliot, 2007); sin embargo, la ecología estuarina ha ganado una posición definida por las características propias e incomparables de estos ecosistemas.
Optimal Detection of Rotations about Unknown Axes by Coherent and Anticoherent States
Authors: Martin John , Weigert Stefan , Giraud Olivier
Published: June 2020

Coherent and anticoherent states of spin systems up to spin j=2 are known to be optimal in order to detect rotations by a known angle but unknown rotation axis. These optimal quantum rotosensors are characterized by minimal fidelity, given by the overlap of a state before and after a rotation, averaged over all directions in space. We calculate a closed-form expression for the average fidelity in terms of anticoherent measures, valid for arbitrary values of the quantum number j. We identify optimal rotosensors (i) for arbitrary rotation angles in the case of spin quantum numbers up to j=7/2 and (ii) for small rotation angles in the case of spin quantum numbers up to j=5. The closed-form expression we derive allows us to explain the central role of anticoherence measures in the problem of optimal detection of rotation angles for arbitrary values of j.
PENGARUH CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, LIKUIDITAS, DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP AGRESIVITAS PAJAK
Authors: Kurniawati Elok
Published: June 2020

Tax aggressiveness is an action carried out with the aim of minimizing the number of estimated tax costs. The act of tax aggressiveness is mostly carried out by large companies in Indonesia because taxes are considered as costs that have a significant effect on the company and have a direct impact on profitability. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of corporate social responsibility, liquidity, and leverage on tax aggressiveness in mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2017.Sampling using a purposive sampling method. The method of analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression.
PENGARUH MODAL KERJA, PERPUTARAN KAS, DAN ARUS KAS TERHADAP CURRENT RATIO PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2013-2016
Authors: Clorin Stevanie , Hardika Mitan , Prayoga Surya Rahmat , Noviyanti Enda , Samosir Hottua , Stephanus Andhy
Published: June 2020

This research is meant to find out the effects of working capital, cash turnover, and cash flow on the current ratio of manufacture companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2013-2016 periods both simultaneous and partial and to find out which one of these independent variables that significant effects to the current ratio of manufacture companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Research data tested with testing classical assumptions and use multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the variable working capital has positive and significant effects, cash turnover and cash flow have negative and significant effects on the current ratio in manufacturing companies which are listed in the Indonesian capital market in the 2013-2016 periods.
Alterações morfológicas em epitélio lingual de camundongos expostos ao álcool etílico a 40°GL
Authors: Sanfelice J. C. , Padilha D. M. P. , Sant'Ana Filho M.
Published: June 2020

O álcool nunca foi apontado como um carcinógeno isoladamente, a literatura se refere ao álcool como um elemento que facilitaria a atuação de um carcinógeno ou um elemento que agiria em sinergia juntamente com o tabaco no desenvolvimento do câncer bucal. Buscando avaliar o papel do álcool como modificador da morfologia da mucosa da língua realizamos o experimento com 60 camundongos divididos em três grupos - Controle, Álcool Continuo e Álcool Topic° - durante o período de um ano. Os animais do Grupo Álcool Continuo seguiram com a alimentação normal tendo sido substituída a bebida por álcool a 40°GL e os do Grupo Álcool Topic° recebiam aplicação tópica de álcool 40°GL duas vezes por semana, simulando um consumo eventual. Através de amostras retiradas do dorso da língua, no inicio do experimento e depois a cada seis meses, fez-se a analise de alterações morfológicas no epitélio (espessura do epitélio, espessura da camada de ceratina, relação entre comprimento da camada basal e superficial e relação núcleo citoplasma das células do epitélio (camada basal e intermediaria)). Através de analise estatística dos resultados verificamos alterações significativas em quase todos os itens avaliados. Concluímos que o álcool pode ser apontado como um agente modificador da morfologia da mucosa do dorso da língua quando ingerido ou aplicado topicamente.
Prevalência de traumatismos alvéolo-dentários na clínica de urgência odontopediátrica de FO.UFRGS
Authors: Borba Porto Ramiro , Soares Amorim de Freitas Jeane , Soares Cruz Márcia Regina , Lemes Bressani Ana Eliza , Sarmento Barata Juliana , Borba de Araujo Fernando
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de traumatismos alvéolo-dentários em crianças que procuraram atendimento no Curso de Extensão Universitária de Urgência em Odontopediatria da FO-UFRGS no período de abril de 1999 a dezembro de 2000. A amostra consistiu de 129 crianças, sendo 80 (62,01%) do sexo masculino e 49 (37,99%) do sexo feminino, com idade de 0 a 14 anos. A faixa etária mais acometida por traumatismo em dentes decíduos foi a de 2-4 anos, enquanto que, em permanentes, foi a de 8-10 anos. Os traumatismos dos tecidos de sustentação foram os mais prevalentes na dentição decídua (79,64%), predominando a intrusão (35,55%) e a luxação lateral (27,77%). Já com relação aos dentes permanentes, a prevalência maior foi de injúrias traumáticas aos tecidos duros (59,25%), sendo de maior ocorrência a fratura coronária sem exposição pulpar (70,83%), seguida da fratura coronária com exposição pulpar (22,91%). Em relação aos procedimentos clínicos adotados para o atendimento emergencial, a conduta mais prevalente foi a orientação, tanto para dentes decíduos (72,56%), quanto para permanentes (27,16%). A restauração (25,92%) foi o segundo procedimento clínico mais prevalente para dentes permanentes e a exodontia (13,27%) para os dentes decíduos traumatizados.
Delimitación del perfil competencial inclusivo necesario en la formación inicial en los grados de educación primaria
Authors: Garcia-Vallès Xenia
Published: June 2020

Uno de los factores que inciden en el desarrollo de procesos inclusivos en los centros escolares es la formación inicial del profesorado en el campo de la educación inclusiva. La universidad, como centro formador, ha optado por combinar los dos modelos existentes: un modelo más transversal de la formación sobre la educación inclusiva y otro más específico. La elección de los modelos formativos está relacionada con la concepción que se tenga sobre la educación inclusiva. No obstante, sería relevante identificar cuáles son las competencias necesarias para que el futuro profesorado pueda implementar procesos inclusivos en las escuelas. En este sentido, el artículo tiene como objetivo identificar las competencias en educación inclusiva (CEI) claves para la formación inicial (FI) en los grados de educación primaria. A través del método Delphi, en el que han participado expertos y profesionales del ámbito de la educación inclusiva, los resultados apuestan por una formación universitaria en el Grado de Educación Primaria, donde prevalezcan competencias transversales relacionadas con el trabajo en equipo, la comunicación, la dinamización de los apoyos, la colaboración, el liderazgo, la resolución de conflictos y una actitud crítica y positiva, que permita alcanzar procesos educativos inclusivos.
An inventory model for coordinating ordering, pricing and advertisement policy for an advance sales system
Authors: Aggarwal K , Ahmed Shuja , Malik Fehmina
Published: June 2020

In this paper we study a coordinated stock replenishment, pricing, and advertisement problem for an inventory with advance booking system. A single period planning horizon is considered, consisting of both advance sales and spot sales periods. The discount is offered to the customers for booking the product in advance when the replenishment arrives. The product demand is price and advertising expenditure sensitive. This paper aims to find the optimal ordering quantity, selling price, and advertising expenditure of the product, which maximizes the total profit. The solution algorithm is suggested for computing the optimal solution, which is illustrated numerically.
Brain function differences in children with type 1 diabetes: An fMRI study of working memory
Authors: Admin Ada , Foland-Ross Lara C. , Tong Gabby , Mauras Nelly , Cato Allison , Aye Tandy , Tansey Michael , White Neil H. , Weinzimer Stuart A. , Englert Kimberly , Shen Hanyang , Mazaika Paul K. , Reiss Allan L. , (DirecNet) Diabetes Research in Children Network
Published: June 2020

Glucose is a primary fuel source to the
brain, yet the influence of dysglycemia on neurodevelopment in children with
type 1 diabetes remains unclear. We examined brain activation using functional
MRI in 80 children with type 1 diabetes (mean age ± SD, 11.5±1.8 years; 46%
female) and 47 children without diabetes (“control”, mean age 11.8±1.5 years;
51% female) as they performed a visuospatial working memory (N-back) task. Results
indicated that in both groups, activation scaled positively with increasing
working memory load across many areas, including the frontoparietal cortex,
caudate and cerebellum. Between groups, children with diabetes exhibited reduced
performance on the N-back task relative to control children, as well as greater
modulation of activation (i.e., showed greater a increase in activation with higher
working memory load). Post-hoc analyses indicated that greater modulation was associated
in the diabetes group with better working memory function and with an earlier
age of diagnosis. These findings suggest that increased modulation may occur as
a compensatory mechanism, helping in part to preserve working memory ability,
and further, that children with an earlier onset require additional
compensation. Future studies that test whether these patterns change as a
function of improved glycemic control are warranted.
THE USE OF PRACTICAL METHODS IN THE STUDY OF THE SUBJECT “NATURAL SCIENCE PICTURE OF THE WORLD” BY HUMANITIES STUDENTS
Authors: Скрипко Зоя Алексеевна
Published: June 2020

Обсуждается значение предмета «Естественно-научная картина мира» для студентов гуманитарных факультетов, основной задачей которого является формирование естественно-научного мировоззрения. Приводятся наиболее эффективные и научно обоснованные практические методы и подходы, дополняющие лекционный курс и повышающие степень самостоятельной работы студентов-гуманитариев. Использование предложенных методов позволяет определить степень сформированности общекультурных компетенций у студентов. Учитывая гуманитарную направленность студентов, можно предположить, что одним из эффективных методов практических самостоятельных работ является структурирование изучаемого материала путем составления интегративных таблиц, в которых систематизированы естественно-научные знания по определенным разделам, соответствующим изучаемому материалу. Одновременно с этим приводятся наиболее известные культурно-исторические события, относящиеся к данному периоду времени. Использование интегративных таблиц помогает формировать мировоззрение, основанное на понимании связей между природой, человеком, его идеями и развитием человеческой цивилизации. Обращается внимание на специфику лабораторных работ для студентов-гуманитариев.

The importance of the subject “Natural Science Picture of the World” is discussed for students of humanitarian faculties, the main task of which is the formation of a natural science worldview. Given the psychophysiological characteristics of humanities students, practical training methods are proposed for the successful formation of a scientific worldview. The most effective and scientifically based practical methods and approaches are given that complement the lecture course and increase the degree of students’ independent work. Using the proposed methods allows us to determine the degree of formation of general cultural competencies among students. Given the humanitarian orientation of students, it can be assumed that one of the effective methods of practical independent work is the structuring of the material studied by compiling integrative tables. Turning to integrative tables, which systematize natural science knowledge in certain sections corresponding to the material being studied, at the same time, the most famous cultural and historical events related to this period of time are given, students have an increase in the relationship between objects, complex systemic laws occur in the process of integrating knowledge. The use of integrative tables helps to form a worldview based on an understanding of the connections between nature, man, his ideas and the development of human civilization. Also, attention is paid to the specifics of laboratory work for humanities students.
FIRST RESULTS OF RUSSIAN TEACHERS’ WORK IN TAJIKISTAN
Authors: Асанов Юрий Михайлович
Published: June 2020

Представлены первые результаты совместной работы таджикских и российских преподавателей в учебных заведениях Республики Таджикистан в процессе реализации программы «Русские учителя в Таджикистане». Актуальность темы обусловлена растущей ролью сотрудничества в сфере образования и подготовки кадров, которые лежат в основе абсолютно всех направлений стратегического взаимодействия этих стран. На примере Раштского района Республики Таджикистан отмечается уникальность для новейшей истории российско-таджикских отношений опыта одновременной взаимодополняющей работы преподавателей двух стран как в школе, так и в педагогическом институте. Уделено внимание роли русского языка и русскоязычного образования в Таджикистане, дается анализ нынешней ситуации с функционированием русского языка в республике. Предлагаются пути и способы его дальнейшего совершенствования для того, чтобы существенно расширить возможности практического использования русского языка. Вводится и дается определение новому научному понятию «самовоспроизводящая система». Обосновывается авторское толкование этого термина. Предложены возможности и подходы дальнейшего развития программы «Русские учителя в Таджикистане».

The article discusses the role of the Russian language and Russian education in Tajikistan. The analysis of the current situation with the functioning of the Russian language in the republic is given. The author suggests the ways and the opportunities of its further improvement of significantly expand the possibilities of practical use of the Russian language. Determined the relevance of the article. The article notes that cooperation in the field of education and training lies at the heart of absolutely all areas of strategic cooperation between our countries. The author considers the first results of the joint work of Tajik and Russian teachers in educational institutions of the Republic of Tajikistan. On the example of the Rasht district of the Republic of Tajikistan, the uniqueness of the experience of the simultaneous complementary work of teachers of the two countries both at school and at the pedagogical institute for the recent history of Russian-Tajik relations is noted. The definition of a new scientific concept “self-reproducing system” is introduced and given. The author’s interpretation of this term is substantiated, in contrast to the generally accepted ones. The expediency of attracting non-profit organizations of the two countries to the development of Russian-Tajik educational cooperation is noted. A number of other practical proposals for the development of joint teaching activities in educational institutions of Tajikistan, namely, that the construction of Russian schools will provide an opportunity to create effective centers of culture and education in the regions.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL THEME “RECOVERY METHODS IN PHYSICAL TRAINING OF ELDERLY MEN”
Authors: Пешков Владимир Федорович
Published: June 2020

Приводятся обоснование, разработка и апробация содержания учебной темы «Восстановительные средства в процессе занятий физической культурой мужчин пожилого возраста», преподаваемой на факультете физической культуры и спорта Томского государственного педагогического университета. Представлен разработанный вариант методики физкультурно-оздоровительных занятий с преимущественным применением силовых упражнений и упражнений на выносливость. Данная направленность физических упражнений учитывает характерные для мужчин пожилого возраста отрицательные инволюционные процессы старения и положительное физиологическое влияние упражнений силовой направленности на органы и функциональные системы организма, уменьшающие эти негативные процессы. Разработана методика применения средств восстановления в процессе физкультурно-оздоровительных занятий мужчин 60–64-летнего возраста, включающая следующие компоненты: средства восстановления; содержание средств; дозировка воздействия; место восстановительных средств в системе физкультурно-оздоровительных занятий в течение недельного цикла. Методика разработана на основе формируемой специфики восстановительных эффектов с применением выбранных средств восстановления и их влияния на замедление процессов старения, а также нагрузочных и постнагрузочных эффектов, вызываемых силовыми упражнениями и упражнениями на силовую выносливость. Доказана эффективность разработанной методики.

The content of the educational theme on the problem of use of recovery methods in healthimproving physical training of elderly men at the age of 60–64 for the academic discipline “Recovery and Preventive Activity in Physical Training”, “Theory and Methodology of Recovery and Preventive Methods” taught at the Faculty of Physical Training and Sports of Tomsk State Pedagogical University has been substantiated, developed and approved. The methodology implying use of recovery methods in health-improving physical training of elderly men at the age of 60–64 has been developed and it includes: recovery methods, content of the methods, dosage of impact, place of recovery methods in a health-improving physical training system in a week period. The technique has been developed on the basis of the formed specifics of recovery effects with the use of the chosen recovery methods and their influence on slowdown of aging processes as well as load and postload effects provoked by weight-lifting and strength-endurance exercises. The efficiency of the developed methodology based on the use of recovery methods has been proved. The developed variant of methodology of health-improving physical training with predominance of weight-lifting and strength-endurance exercises is presented. This type of physical training has been chosen because of specific negative involutional ageing processes in a body of an elderly man and positive physiological influence of strength exercises on organs and functional body systems providing reduction of negative ageing processes.
EMOTIONAL, COGNITIVE AND SOCIAL FACTORS RELATING TO THE EFFICIENCY OF SOLVING SPATIAL TASKS
Authors: Есипенко Елена Александровна , Белоплотова Кристина Евгеньевна , Полякова Ольга Романовна
Published: June 2020

Пространственные способности могут предсказывать успешность человека в областях, связанных с наукой и математикой. С целью изучения влияния эмоциональных, когнитивных и социальных факторов на решение четырех разных типов пространственных задач впервые было проведено исследование, куда вошли юноши и девушки естественно-научного и гуманитарного направлений обучения. В результате выяснилось, что невербальный интеллект вносит значимый вклад во все анализируемые пространственные задачи; кроме того, рабочая память и направление обучения вносят значимый вклад в задания, оценивающие отношение паттернов и пространственную визуализацию. Другие факторы не оказали такого влияния. Полученные результаты имеют теоретическую и практическую значимость.

Psychologists are interested in the study of spatial and general cognitive abilities. Known that they can predict success in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) areas. Nevertheless, a comprehensive study of the influence of various factors on spatial abilities was not held. To examine the factors that can be associated with solving spatial problems, the study was conducted on a Russian-language sample, which included 161 young men and women from different study majors (STEM and non-STEM). Studied factors were emotional, cognitive and social. A feature of the study is that a comprehensive examination of factors was carried out in the study of spatial tasks such as “Mechanical reasoning and spatial relations”, “Paper folding”, “Pattern assembly”, “Shape rotation”. As a result of the regression analysis (with the inclusion of all the studied factors), it turned out that for each spatial problem the presented models were significant. All models have the same percentage of explained variance are approximately 20%. Non-verbal intelligence makes a great contribution to “Mechanical reasoning and spatial relations” and “Shape rotation”, and also for non-verbal intelligence, working memory, and the direction of learning make a great contribution to “Pattern assembly” and “Paper folding”. Emotional and social factors were not significant. Findings will enable a better understanding of what contributes to spatial abilities.
PRACTICAL COURSE ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL METHODS OF PEATS ANALYSIS AS AN ELEMENT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ADDITIONAL NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION AT SENIOR SCHOOL
Authors: Голубина Ольга Александровна , Ковалёва Светлана Владимировна , Шабанова Ирина Анатольевна
Published: June 2020

Показана актуальность дополнительного естественно-научного образования с использованием экспериментальной работы обучающихся, основанной на региональных особенностях. Приведено понятие «региональный компонент содержания образования». Обоснован выбор тематики практикума по анализу торфов физико-химическими методами, содержание которого связано со специфическими особенностями Томской области по запасам торфа и накопленным опытом научных исследований по функционированию торфяно-болотных экосистем. Приведены цели, задачи практикума и тематика практических занятий. Описана методика проведения практических работ по определению ботанического состава торфов и его физико-химических характеристик. Разработаны вопросы анкетирования для выявления у обучающихся экспериментальных умений и знаний качественных химических реакций до проведения занятий практикума и после их завершения, представлены полученные результаты. На основе анкетирования обучающихся выявлено их отношение к тематике практикума и его содержанию. Результаты анкетирования свидетельствуют об эффективности проведения экспериментальной работы на занятиях.

The importance of additional education in modern school is characterized. The relevance of additional science education using the experimental work of students based on regional characteristics is shown. The concept of “regional component of the content of education” is given. The choice of the topics of practical works on peat analysis by physicochemical methods is substantiated, the content of which is determined by the specific features of the Tomsk Region in terms of peat reserves and the accumulated experience of scientific research on the functioning of peat-swamp ecosystems. The goals, objectives and a list of topics of practical training are presented. The methodology for conducting practical work to determine the composition of peat, its physico-chemical characteristics: the degree of decomposition, moisture, ash, metabolic acidity, the determination of magnesium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, nitrogen (ammonium ions and nitrate ions) is described. The physicochemical methods used in the practical work are indicated: titrimetric (determination of magnesium and calcium), potentiometric (exchange peat acidity), photocolorimetric (determination of ammonium and nitrate ions), mobile compounds of iron and phosphorus) methods. Questions have been developed to identify students’ experimental skills and knowledge of qualitative chemical reactions before and after the practical work, and the results are presented. Questioning revealed an improvement in the level of all experimental skills by an average of 37 %. The attitude of students to the subject of the practical work, its content, as well as interest in conducting experimental work were identified on the basis of their questionnaire.
CONTINUITY OF PRESCHOOL AND ELEMENTARY EDUCATION THROUGH THE USE OF PROJECT ACTIVITY
Authors: Семёнова Наталия Альбертовна
Published: June 2020

Рассматривается вопрос осуществления преемственности дошкольного и начального образования. Преемственность понимается как взаимодействие между разными ступенями образования, обеспечивающее развитие детей, обогащение знаний и опыта, основанное на учете специфики возраста, применении соответствующих, эффективных для каждой ситуации средств, методов, форм педагогической деятельности, направленных на плавное поэтапное становление учебной деятельности ребенка и переход его от одного образовательного уровня к другому. Анализ стандартов дошкольного и начального общего образования с позиции реализации преемственных связей дал возможность выявить сходства в целях, теоретико-методологической основе (системно-деятельностный подход), в структуре, позволяющей определить согласованность содержания и способов его реализации на обоих уровнях. Важным механизмом преемственности является поиск сквозных, т. е. есть актуальных для разных уровней образования технологий и методов. Этому требованию отвечает проектная деятельность дошкольника и младшего школьника, которая представлена как интегративная деятельность. Последняя включает игровую, исследовательскую, творческую деятельность и особые образовательные результаты в каждой возрастной группе.

The author considers the issue of the implementation of the continuity of preschool and primary education. Continuity is understood as the interaction between different levels of education. This interaction provides the development of children, enriching their knowledge and experience. It is based on taking into account the specifics of age, the leading type of activity, on the use of appropriate, effective for each situation means, methods, forms of pedagogical activity. The continuity of methods and means is aimed at establishing a smooth phased formation of the child’s learning activities and moving him from one educational level to another. The author analyzes the standards of preschool and primary general education from the perspective of the implementation of continuity. The analysis showed similarities in goals, in a theoretical and methodological basis (system-activity approach), in the structure, which allows us to determine the consistency of the content and methods of its implementation at the levels of preschool and primary education. An important mechanism of continuity is the search for cross-cutting, that is, relevant for different levels of education, technologies and methods. This requirement meets the project, which the author presents as an integrative activity, combining game, research, creative activities. The researcher presents the special results of the implementation of project activities in each age group and their relationship.