bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Package of MEMS High-G Acceleration Sensor
Authors: Guo Tao , Li Ping , Xu Yan , Shi Yun Bo , Liu Jun
Published: February 2011

A practical packaging structure was designed based on the designed MEMS high-g acceleration sensor, and encapsulation performance was simulated when it used potting. By the result of simulation, the packaging structure can meet the requirements that sensor demand, which can test the namal signal under 200,000 g impact load. From the results of modal and static simulation, potting can not only improve the natural frequency of the package model, but also can reduce the stress when shock load effected on the model. Elastic modulus of the potting materials have the great influence on the package performance, but the density has little effect on it. The simulation results also show that the modal frequency of the package model increases with modulus increases, while the the stress reduce when the same load on the package model. However, the modal frequency is much smaller than the packaging structure without potting when the elastic modulus was too small,which may bring a distortion of the sensor output signal.
High Speed Rail: Review on the Regional Impact and Economy Development
Authors: Peng Bin , Xia Bing , Liu Zhen Ling
Published: February 2011

This impacts of high-speed rail transit, such as the Japanese Shinkansen the first high-speed rail in the world, has been contributed on regional structure or regional systems. The previous study has been mainly centered on many aspects. Does construction of high-speed rail transit in less-developed or remote regions lead to economic activity or population dispersion from developed regions, and thus, lead to the reduced regional disparities? Traditionally, answers to such questions would be obtained through large-scale multi-regional econometric models, which are capable of predicting inter-regional trade. Detailed models are more general in the sense that they can provide richer information in response to various policy variables. The construction of high-speed rail (HSR) is very populous in China. It is no doubt that the HSR will have great impact on the regional development and bring great beneficial economic and social effects. In this paper, the HSR and impact on the regional development is summarized. The first high-speed intercity line from Beijing to Tianjin, which became operational since 2008, has being creating positive impacts on regional economic development and other aspects.
Resistance Measurements in Conductive Fabrics
Authors: Pola Taina , Vanhala Jukka
Published: February 2011

Conductive fabrics look and feel like traditional fabrics, but there are conductive elements in the structure. Conductive fabrics are used for example in heating and ESD protection applications. The purpose of this study was to investigate how much the resistance of a conductive fabric changes when different factors, for example stretching or pressure, affect them. Three conductive fabrics were tested in this study. From each fabric two samples were cut in different directions and five different measurements were made for each sample: without pressure (M1), with pressure (M2), stretching (M3), with pressure and stretching (M4) and temperature variation The stretching and pressure reduce the resistance of the fabric. The lowest resistance results were achieved with a fabric, which has been made of conductive yarns only. In addition resistance value varies in different temperatures.
Pathway and Kinetic of Dechlorination of Trichloroethylene in Water by Supported Nanoscale Bimetallic Fe-Cu Particles
Authors: Zhang Huan , Zheng Ying Xue , Wang Hai Tao
Published: February 2011

In this paper, exfoliated graphite supported nanoscale Fe-Cu is synthesized by aqueous-phase reductive method. The effect trichloroethene (TCE) reduction by the supported nanoscale Fe-Cu bimetal is researched in the batch experiments. Kinetics studies show that the reduction of TCE process obeys pseudo-second-order kinetics. The kinetic constants of TCE reduction by supported nano bimetal are measured at different nano Fe0 dosage and Cu content on bimetal in this study. When the dosage of supported nano Fe0 in bimetal with 4wt% Cu is 1.25g/L in reaction solution, the kSA of dechlorination reaction for TCE is higher than other nano Fe0 dosage. The dechlorination speed becomes lower as well as kSA and kobs decreasing with increasing the Fe0 dosage. Supported Fe-Cu bimetal with 4wt% Cu content exhibits the best dehalogenation effect than those with other contents of Cu. The generation of H2 and effect of Cu analysis influence the TCE dechloriation and hydrogenation in the surface of bimetal to a different extent. Excess nano Fe0 existing in the reaction system can generate plenty of H2 as well as increasing the solution pH value so that decrease the surface concentration of bimetal reactive sites and then hinder the TCE dechlorination in surface of bimetal. Cu as catalysis metal could accelerate the process of TCE dechlorination and hydrogenation.
State-of-Art Technology ALLVAC 718 Plus Superalloy for Gas Turbine Engine Parts
Authors: Uzgur Sinem Cevik , Uzunonat Yagiz , Diltemiz S. Fehmi , Kushan Melih Cemal , Gunay Rabia
Published: February 2011

Innovations on the aerospace and aircraft industry have been throwing light upon building to future’s engineering architecture at the today’s globalization world where technology is the indispensable part of life. On the basis of aviation sector, the improvements of materials used in aircraft gas turbine engines which constitute 50 % of total aircraft weight must protect its actuality continuously. Utilization of super alloys in aerospace and defense industries can not be ignored because of excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance, high strength and long creep life at elevated temperatures. The newly innovated ALLVAC 718 Plus superalloy which is the last version of Inconel 718 has been proceeding in the way to become a material that aerospace and defense industries never replace of any other material with combining its good mechanical properties, easy machinability and low cost. However because it is a newly developed superalloy, in present paper its properties including chemistry, microstructure, strengthening mechanisms, weldability and cost will be discussed and the superiority of the ALLVAC 718 plus will be addressed.
Effect of Annealing Temperature on Deformed Microstructure of Low Carbon Martensite
Authors: Zhao Jun , Yang Yong Ming , Chen Jiu Chuan , Wen Quan Xing , Zhang Li Tao , Zhang Shou Xue , Ren Zhao Kun , Wu Xiang Nan , Gao Yu Wei
Published: February 2011

In this paper, a new type steel plate with nano-layered martensite lath structure was produced by heavy cold-rolling. After rolling, subsequent annealing has great effect on the deformed martensite morphology and grain refinement. Microstructure recrystallizing course have occurred after long time annealing at 350°C. The recrystallization activation energy is 151 kJmol-1. The ultrafine ferrite grains (average grain size about 317nm), nano-carbides precipitated uniformly were seen in the specimen annealed at 500 °C. Annealing at and above 600 °C resulted in coarse ferrite grains with spheroidized coarse carbides, causing grain growth.
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange on Porous TiO2 Film Electrode in NaCl Solution
Authors: Zhang Wen Jie , Bai Jia Wei , Fu Jia
Published: February 2011

Porous TiO2 films and smooth TiO2 films were fabricated by sol-gel dip-coating technique using titanium plate as support substrate. Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) degradation of methyl orange was investigated in aqueous NaCl solution using the TiO2 films. PEC degradation efficiencies showed strong dependence on the concentrations of aqueous NaCl solutions and applied potentials. Photoelectrocatalytic activity of the porous TiO2 film was higher than that of the smooth TiO2 film at lower applied potential. 95.2% decolorization of the dye could be achieved in 50 minutes at applied potential of 0.6 V in 0.05 M NaCl solution on porous TiO2 films, while the efficiency was only 79.9% on smooth TiO2 films. Electrodegradation (ED) of these two film electrodes almost had no effect on methyl orange. Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) degradation was 36.4% for the porous TiO2 thin film after 80 min, and 32.6% for the smooth TiO2 thin film during the same condition.
Characteristics of Visible-Light Enabled TiO2/ITO Films
Authors: Wu Kee Rong , Hung Chung Hsuang , Yeh Chung Wei , Chang Hao Cheng , Sun Jui Ching
Published: February 2011

Three types of visible-light enabled titanium oxide (TiO2) films deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates at different levels of doping nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) and sputtering power are investigated for their capabilities to both pollution control and splitting water on hydrogen production. All samples are similar in morphological and microstructural features, but differ in their interfacial phase and dopants. For the N,C-codoped TiO2 film prepared at a higher sputtering power, tin ions can permeate into the growing TiO2 film from the ITO substrate and promote the formation of crystalline Ti1-xSnxO2 layer. It shows the highest photocatalytic oxidation rate over methylene blue (MB) solution under ultraviolet and blue light irradiation, respectively. This is ascribed to the photosensitized carbon on the columnar grains, leading an increase in the MB adsorption capacity and light harvesting efficiency. Conversely, the N-TiO2 film prepared at a lower power exhibits the highest photocurrent density and hydrogen yield rate of which a higher Schottky barrier formed at the TiO2/ITO interface. This suggests that the interfacial properties of TiO2/ITO film and C-doping truly control its photocatalytic capabilities in addition to the well-known surface states.
EDS, XRD and Raman Scattering Study of Dy Ion Implanted CdTe Polycrystalline Thin Films
Authors: Hou Juan , Cao Hai Bin , Huang Xu Chu , Song Chun Yan
Published: February 2011

Dysprosium (Dy) ion implanted CdTe polycrystalline thin film (PTF) deposited on the ceramic substrate by the close spaced sublimation （CSS) method. Both the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer（EDS）and Raman scattering analysis show that the as-deposited and Dy ion implanted CdTe PTF are non-stoichiometric with excess telluride. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction study reveals that the CdTe PTF forms a zinc-blended structure. In the Raman scattering analysis, the position of the peak on implantation does not change apparently whereas the intensity of the peak decreases owing to the lattice damage and increases as a result of thermal annealing. The data support that Raman activity is enhanced after Dy ion implantation.
Numerical Simulation on Mechanical Properties of SiC/Al Co-Continuous Composites
Authors: Zhao Ming Juan , Li Na , Zhao Long Zhi , Zhang Xiao Lan
Published: February 2011

Mechanical properties of the co-continuous SiC/Al composites were simulated using the ANSYS software in this paper, and Kelvin model was adopted as SiC structure. The models of various SiC contents were calculated for composites, the influences of SiC volume fraction on the interface were analyzed. Compared with the particle reinforced composites, the influences of SiC structure on the interface and strength were investigated. The results showed that the SiC volume fraction has a certain effect on the interface of composites, the incoordination of deformation of SiC and Al causes the greater stress concentration with SiC volume fraction decreases, so that interface occurs the debonding. Compared the simulation results of co-continuous composites and particle reinforced composites, two stress-distance curves show that the stress decreases with the distance from the interface increases, and two stress-strain curves prove that the co-continuous composites have higher the yield strength and the deforming resistance.
Water Distribution System Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Shu Shi Hu , Zhang Dong
Published: February 2011

This paper describes a project to integrate EPANET, Giris and SCADA to assist water engineers in assessing the water distribution system in city S. The integrated system simulates the flow and concentration of chemical contaminants in municipality's water distribution system. The integrated model is a powerful tool for routine planning and emergency response. The capabilities of the model can greatly assist in the decision making processes for network asset inventory, rehabilitation requirements, and financial planning. The system was tested using the S City database composed of approximately 13219 junctions and 14832 pipes whose diameter not less than 300 mm.
Effects of Asperity Shape on the Adhesion Hysteresis Originated from Surface Roughness
Authors: Wang Le Feng , Guo Bin , Huang Gui Ming , Rong Wei Bin , Sun Li Ning
Published: February 2011

Adhesion of solid surfaces plays a significant role in many technical fields especially at micro and nano scale. The effect of asperity shape on the adhesion hysteresis originated from surface roughness has been investigated theoretically in this paper. Based on the adhesive contact model of single asperities with axisymmetric power-law shapes, the roughness-induced adhesion hysteresis is modeled by assuming the asperity heights follow a Gaussian distribution on the rough surface. The analysis results show that the dissipation energy decreases dramatically when the surface becomes rougher for all the shape indices, and the shape index affects the adhesion hysteresis at different levels with the variance of surface roughness. A general parameter consisting of the shape index of asperities is proposed to characterize the adhesion hysteresis. These will be helpful to understand and control the adhesion hysteresis for solid-solid contact.
An Integrated Multimedia Learning System for Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines: RICEM
Authors: Yeh Chung Wei
Published: February 2011

A cost-effective multimedia learning system, RICEM, for reciprocating internal combustion engines was proposed in this study. This system contained the graphical introduction of engine components, engine structure animation, feedback and assessment based on Mayer’s multimedia learning cognitive theory. Reciprocating internal combustion engines are used all over the world to drive compressors, pumps, electric generators, motor ships and other equipments. We used multimedia software to construct the learning system. An experiment comprising of two groups of 30 participants separately was conduct to test the effectiveness and showed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test score in the RICEM group, as compared with the control group. This study suggested that a collaborative application appeared to be promising in supporting effective learning of modern technology, by combining the integration of learning theory and multimedia design.
Integrated Scheduling Algorithm with Setup Time
Authors: Xie Zhi Qiang , Yang Jing , Teng Yu Zheng , Lan Lan
Published: February 2011

Aiming at the problem that there is no research result in the complex products processing and assemble integrated scheduling problem with setup time, this paper proposes strategy to resolve this problem. That is to determine scheduling sequence of procedures according to layer priority strategy, shorten time strategy and long path strategy. Then adopt algorithm of inserting setup time dynamically to determine the start time of procedures by scheduling sequence. As this algorithm avoids to move scheduled procedures many times after inserting setup time, the time complexity is only secondary. So this algorithm is simple and has high scheduling efficiency.
A Stress and Strain Analytical Formula Applied in Low Alloy and High Strengthen Steel Material
Authors: Wang Hong , Zhang Yu Xian , Lin Qing Xia , Zhou Qing Hua
Published: February 2011

In order to study the residual stress of the auto-frettagea super high pressure vessel effectively, a new stress and strain analytical formula is brought forward. It indicates that this analytical formula is more accurate under actual conditions for the steel applied in auto-frettagea super high pressure vessel through strict mathematical testimony. Subsequently, it describes how to establish this analytical formula and analyzes the analytical formula’s error through taking some material as an example. It illustrates that it is feasible and reliable to solve this new analytical formula basing on general tensile curves through this instance. The analytical formula is also of theoretical signification and engineering practical value in application.
Dry Sliding Tribological Behavior of Continuous Ceramic Frames Reinforced Aluminum-Based Composites
Authors: Huang Dan , Zhao Wu
Published: February 2011

The tribological behavior of continuous frame ceramic reinforced Al-based alloy against Cr12 steel has been studied with oscillating dry friction and wear tester under the testing conditions of 70°C, 270°C, and 30min, and the load range is from 40N to 100N. The analysis of experimental results show that it is characteristic of abrasive wear and oxidation wear mechanisms for continuous ceramic/Al-7075 composites. The friction resistance of comb ceramic reinforced composite is better than foam ceramic reinforced composite, since the former is with continuous ceramic frame on the worn surface while the latest is with discontinuous hard convex on the plane; and the metal matrix filling in comb ceramic is not continuous in 3-D space, which leads to the deterioration of thermal metal softening at high temperature. Therefore, the composite reinforced by 2-D comb ceramic exhibits better high-temperature friction resistance than the one reinforced by 3-D foam ceramic.
Two Ash Stability Coal Stone Basic Levels Are in the Express Line of PingDingShan City of Application and the Technique Economy Analysis
Authors: Lv Da Wei , Zhang Lei
Published: February 2011

In recent years, along with realize to the environmental protection of strengthen increasingly, make use of various industry to discard the conduct and actions of builds road the material already widespread be subjected to the people of value. Make the grass-roots material to construct with the coal stone the road contain many advantages, not only can economize the resources of the land, but also found out a fit path for the processing of this kind of industry wastes. This text combines the construction of the express line of a mountain City to be the advantage that the road faces the grass-roots material and applied the scope, economic performance...etc. to make some studies for the coal stone.
Biomechanical Numerical Simulation of Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
Authors: Lin Liu Lan , Wang Wen Juan , Zhang Jia Feng , Fang Ming Lun
Published: February 2011

Biomechanical compatibility is one of the key targets for bone tissue engineering scaffolds. As the repair of hard tissue, the scaffold should be of similar strength and elasticity modulus with replaced bone to avoid stress shielding. This paper combines the finite element method and the computer simulation technology analyzing the stress influence of the porous β-TCP scaffold and the middle of femur in different internal architectures, and the simulation results show that scaffold implants at lower porosity conducive to the elimination of stress shielding. The aim of this paper is to provide the theory and design basis on the bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
Implementation of W-CDMA System Based on IP Functions
Authors: Ren Ai Feng , Luo Ming , Hu Fang Ming
Published: February 2011

This paper presents architecture design and field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) transceiver system. Systems that implement the W-CDMA standard must be flexible enough to accommodate changes with the standard, as well as improvements in capacity enhancement techniques such as adaptive antenna and multi-user detection schemes. FPGAs provide this flexibility. Altera high-density, high-performance programmable logic devices (PLDs) combined with intellectual property (IP) functions and the Quartus II development software provide a complete solution for the wireless communications application. The paper describes how to implement a W-CDMA system that conforms to the IMT-2000 standard using Altera FPGAs and IP functions.
Preparation and Modification MnZn Ferrite Thin Films under Swift Heavy Ion (SHI) Irradiation
Authors: Sun Jian Rong , Wang Zhi Guang , Wang Yu Yu , Yao Cun Feng , Wei Kong Fang , Shen Tie Long , Li Fa Shen
Published: February 2011

MnZn ferrite thin films are deposited by alternative sputtering technique from two targets with the composition of MnFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4, and the behavior of the magnetic properties of the MnZn ferrite thin films irradiated by Kr26+ ions at energy of 2.03 GeV is investigated by magnetization measurements. The fabricating and modifying conditions on the performance of the films are studied to improve Ms and reduce Hc of the films, making the films suitable to the applications of high-frequency film devices. For Mn1-xZnxFe2O4 thin films, the Ms increases firstly then decreases and Hc decreases monotonously with increasing Zn content. And both Ms and Hc are sensitive to Kr26+ ion irradiation and exhibit different behaviors depending on the ion fluence range. The modifications of the magnetic properties could be interpreted very well by the effects related to the stress and defects induced by SHI irradiation.
Study on the Effect of Fe3O4 Nanoparticle Dopants on the Properties of Magneto Optical Glasses
Authors: Chen Qiu Ling , Lin Wan , Chen Qiu Ling , Wang Shuang Bao
Published: February 2011

Fe3O4 nanoparticles doped magnetic-optical PbO-Bi2O3-B2O3 glasses were prepared and studied and the effects of Fe3O4 nanoparticle on the properties of magnetic-optical glass were analyzed. It is found that the doping of Fe3O4 nanoparticles into glasses increased the Verdet constant of magneto optical glass without evident degradation in glass transmittance. The formation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was obtained through coprecipitation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in alkaline media. The structure and properties of doped glasses were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electric microscope (SEM), UV-VIS spectray analysis and Faraday rotation test etc.
Performance Assessment of Photocatalyst for Ethanol Removal
Authors: Ma Chih Ming , Hong Gui Bing , Lo Yong Chuan , Chang Chang Tang
Published: February 2011

This study evaluated the performance of a photoreactor packed with TiO2/Quartz and ZrO2/Quartz, ZnO/Quartz, initiated by UV irradiation. The experimental results showed that the concentration of VOCs increased and the degration efficiency decreased at the same residence time. Additionally, as the residence time increased, degration efficiency increased. According to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood Model’s predicted results, the reaction rate constant (kc) was 50.1, 7.2, and 3.0 ppm min-1 for TiO2/Quartz, ZrO2/Quartz and ZnO/Quartz, respectively. In contrast, the adsorption equilibrium constant (K) was 10.0, 21.9, and 2.4 ppm-1 with the previous catalyst, individually.
A Multi-Objective Optimization Method for Thin-Walled Tube NC Bending
Authors: Xu Jie , Yang He , Li Heng
Published: February 2011

A multi-objective optimization method for thin-walled tube NC bending is presented. Firstly, a half-symmetry 3D elastic-plastic FEM model is established based on the initial design values, applying the dynamic explicit code ABAQUS/Explicit. Secondly, virtual orthogonal arrays are designed to optimize friction coefficients, with minimizing the maximum wall-thinning ratio, the maximum cross section distortion ratio and the maximum height of wrinkling waves as the multi-objectives. Lastly, the mandrel radius is optimized by sequential quadratic programming with approximate regressive models fit from uniform design values in the allowed range. Application is put forward for Ф50×1×100 (tube outside diameter ×tube wall thickness × central line bending radius) and Ф100×1.5×200 aluminum alloy tube bending. It is proved that the forming quality has been improved by the method.
Optimization of Machining Parameters on Surface Roughness in EDM of Ti-6Al-4V Using Response Surface Method
Authors: Rahman M.M. , Khan Md. Ashikur Rahman , Noor M.M. , Kadirgama K. , Bakar Rosli A.
Published: February 2011

This paper presents the influence of EDM parameters in terms of peak ampere, pulse on time and pulse off time on surface roughness of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). A mathematical model for surface finish is developed using response surface method (RSM) and optimum machining setting in favor of surface finish are evaluated. Design of experiments (DOE) techniques is implemented. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been performed to verify the fit and adequacy of the developed mathematical models. The acquired results yield that the increasing pulse on time causes fine surface till a certain value and then deteriorates the surface finish. It is investigated that about 200 µs pulse off time produce superior surface finish. These results lead to desirable surface roughness and economical industrial machining by optimizing the input parameters.
Influence of Electromagnetic Stirring Parameters and Isothermal Extruding on Semi-Solid Forming Performance of ZA27 Alloys
Authors: Duan Xing Wang , You Xiao Hong , Tian Ji Hong
Published: February 2011

In this paper, the methods of electromagnetic stirring and isothermal extruding were used to study the semi-solid forming performance of ZA27 alloys. Through summarizing and analyzing the stirring experimental results, the reasonable parameter combination of electromagnetic stirring is that inputting voltage is 180V-200V and stopping stirring temperature is 465°C-475°C and cooling method is quenching. After ZA27 alloys are stirred by using above parameter combination,the spherical microstructures are obtained.Then the billets which were prepared by using above reasonable parameter combination were reheated to semi-solid temperature range for isothermal extruding.The extruding ratio was 4.Because the recrystallization occurs during extruding,the grains of ZA27 alloys become smaller and more uniform after isothermal extruding and per unit extruding force of semi-solid ZA27 alloys decreases by 1/4-1/5 times than that of general casting ZA27 alloys.These results provide a reliable experimental basis for production and application of ZA27 alloys.
The Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on Property and Structure of Ni Group Core-Shell Particles ER
Authors: Tan Suo Kui , Song Xiao Ping , Qiao Li , Guo Hong Yan , Ji Song , Zhao Hong
Published: February 2011

By means of mechanical properties test and microstructure graph observation，the relationship of heat treatment temperature of core-shell Ni/TiO2 group particles with mechanical properties under different electric field has been researched .It is found that the FT-IR，XRD morphology of heat treatment at350°C is different from the one at100°C，the shear stress of same composition ER decreased with heat treatment temperature increasing. But the leakage current density of ER shows contrary result. That is because the leakage current density of ER decreased with the increasing heat treatment temperature.
Using Data Envelopment Analysis to Measurement Patent Performance of Medical Instruments Industry
Authors: Cheng Shuenn Ren , Wu Cheng Chung , Lee Wu Shu Hsia
Published: February 2011

This study analyzes 6,626 patents related to the medical instruments industry, and develops a subsequent patent analysis and performance assessment by means of DEA analysis. From the upper or lower ranking and comparing by DEA models this study found that the mix analysis could provide the results deeply with patents performance of DMUs in medical industries and worth to debate that would be difficult to see in traditional patent analysis. Finally, important elements that influence the performance of DMUs can also be found after sensitivity analysis. This study shows that less input may promote efficient performance while output is equal, but for traditional patent that would be different status with citation rate and R&D capacity. For medical industries’ top companies, they would be more considerate the different character of each correlative variable which have impact for three above input at least for comparison with the others by average efficient score.
Morphology of High-Pressure Crystallized Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate)/Bisphenol-A Polycarbonate Blends
Authors: Lu Jun , Zhang Dao Peng , Tian Jiao Jiao , Huang Rui
Published: February 2011

The high-pressure crystallized poly (ethylene terephthalate) / bisphenol-A polycarbonate (PET/BAPC) blend samples were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Besides the extended-chain single crystals with high quality and large c-axis thickness, the results showed that some novel crystal morphologies were formed in the multi-phase system within a relative short time. Spherulitic structures with different characteristics were observed, in and out the cultured polyester extended-chain crystals, respectively, and their substructures were found to be extended-chain lamellae. Furthermore, bud-like nano-crystals with zero- or one-dimensional structures, some of which aggregated and then evolved into three-dimensional nano-dendrites, were grown during the cooling process of the polyester blends at high pressure. The disclosed entities during this study may promote the understanding of formation process and mechanism for both spherulite and extended-chain crystals of polyesters, so as to instruct the processing of such alloyed engineering plastics with high performance.
GC/MS Analysis on Benzene/Alcohol Extractives of Manglietia Glauca Leavies for Biomedicine Engineering
Authors: Zhang Zhong Feng , Zhou Xian Yan
Published: February 2011

Manglietia glauca leavies has a strong bactericidal Manglietia health capacity. However Manglietia glauca leavies are still underutilized and hence wasted. In order to better utilize Manglietia glauca leavies resources, the biomedicine resource of benzene/alcohol extractives from Manglietia glauca leavies were analyzed by GC/MS. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. The main ingredients of benzene/alcohol extractives of Manglietia glauca leavies were tritriacontane(4.84%), 9-octadecyne(4.19%), ethyl alcohol(3.23%), 2-furanmethanamine, tetrahydro-(3.1%), .beta.-sitosterol acetate(2.84%), vitamin e (2.77%), triacontanoic acid, methyl ester(2.67%), .gamma.-sitosterol(2.33%), nonacosane(2.15%), 5-acetoxy-6-methyl-12,13-dioxa-tricyclo[7.3.1.0(1,6)]tridecane-10-carboxylic acid(2.14%), d:b-friedo-b':a'-neogammacer-5-en-3-ol, (3.beta.)- (1.88%), pyridine-3-carboxamide, oxime, n-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)- (1.84%), 1-heptadecyne(1.84%), friedelan-3-one(1.75%), 5-eicosene(1.72%), dibutyl phthalate(1.7%), 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroanisole(1.6%), phenol, 4,4'-thiobis-(1.5%), etc. The results obtained fully indicated that the benzene/alcohol extractives of Manglietia glauca leavies had the great potential of noble natural biomedicines.
Friction Effect in Hot Rolling of Large Rings with Different Sizes
Authors: Wang Min
Published: February 2011

For hot rolling of large rings, the friction between a ring and rolls plays an important role in maintaining the stable forming of the process and quality of ring parts. The reasonable range of friction coefficient is determined analytically based on the stable forming condition, and a reliable coupled thermo-mechanical three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model for the process is developed. The effect of friction on hot rolling of titanium alloy large rings with different sizes are explored, and the results obtained show that as friction coefficient increases, different rings have similar variation law: less metal flows to the axial direction of a ring and the spread distribution at the end plane of a ring becomes more uniform; the strain and temperature distributions tend to be less uniform; rolling force and rolling moment have little change.
Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Cu-TiC Composites Fabricated by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Zhuang Jian , Liu Yong Bing , Cao Zhan Yi , Li Yue Ying
Published: February 2011

The microstructure and wear behavior of Cu-TiC composite which prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and mechanical alloying (MA) were discussed in this paper. X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images indicate that TiC were formed during sintering process. The pin-on-disc wear test was carried. Confocal scanning laser microscope (CFSLM) images indicate that mechanical mixed layer appeared on the worn surface the mechanical mixed layer broken up when normal load reached 200N. The composites displayed excellent wear resistance with 2.38×10−5 mm3/Nm specific wear loss.
A Design Research of Plastic Cup Modeling Using Simulation with 3ds Max
Authors: Xie Jing Chen
Published: February 2011

This study explores the computer-aided design with 3ds Max by the students from the Department of Commercial Design of a Technology University in Central Taiwan based on the concept of social service network, to save time and cost of mold development, so that plastic factories can transform from OEMs to developers. This way, small and middle-sized enterprises in Taiwan will have better competitiveness in the market.
The Synthesis and Characteristic Properties of Poly (AAc-Co-AAm)
Authors: Zhu Xiu Fang , Yang Ming , Zhang Hong Xia , Nie Yu Jing
Published: February 2011

The copolymers of 10% acrylic acid (AAc) and 90% acryl amide (AAm) were synthesized by free radical polymerization with 5% ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinker. The basic physical feature such as density, fixed charge density, average molecular weight, equilibrium water contentment and crosslink density were studied. In this investigation, the equilibrium and kinetic experiments were performed under three different ionic strengths, the equilibrium behavior of the hydrogels was characterized by varying the designed stimulus and by measuring the weight of hydrogel disc using a high accuracy balance. The ionic strength of the solution was adjusted with NaCl and the buffer solution was phosphoric acid. Potentiometric titration was performed to investigate the quantity of dissociated H+. Last, diffusion coefficients of aqueous sodium chloride in water swollen cross-linked poly (AAc-co-AAm) membranes were studied. A self-planned cell was used for the measurement of NaCl diffusion coefficients.
A Effects of Polyaniline Morphologies on Performance for Removal Rhodamine B
Authors: Jia Qing Ming , Shan Shao Yun , Jiang Li Hong , Wang Ya Ming
Published: February 2011

Polyaniline with different morphologies doped by nitric acid were prepared using rapid mixture method. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that morphologies of polyaniline can be changed from unequal particles to nanowires with increasing the molar ratio of aniline to ammonium peroxydisulfate. The adsorption of rhodamine B dye was carried out using the polyaniline with different morphologies, and the effect of morphologies was studied. The results proved that adsorption of rhodamine B from aqueous solutions using polyaniline is an effective and economical method, and morphologies of polyaniline obviously affect its adsorption performance. The polyaniline nanowires present the best adsorption performance for removal rhodamine B among polyaniline with the three kinds of morphologies.
Method and Application of Multistage Machining Quality Control Based on Minimum Overall Mean Quality Loss
Authors: Yao Yi Yong , Zhao Li Ping , Shao Guo Qiang , Qin Yong Tao
Published: February 2011

To improve the quality control effect and decrease the manufacturing cost in the product’s multistage machining processes, based on the quality loss of single stage machining process, an overall mean quality loss model of multistage machining processes is established by the integration of Duncan cost model, Taguchi quality loss model, mean shift index and average time to signal (ATS). By using this quality loss model, the overall mean quality loss optimal function of multistage machining processes is constructed and the control parameters of this function are optimally solved. Besides, The Shewhart control chart and Cause-selecting control chart can be optimally designed with the control parameters of this optimal function. Finally, on the basis of an application, the multistage machining quality control based on minimum overall mean quality loss is verified to improve the control chart’s performance under the condition of the minimum overall mean quality loss.
Study on Three-Dimension Computer Simulation of Plain Knitted Fabrics
Authors: Li Ying Lin , Chen Su Ying , Yang Lian He , Cao Li Hui
Published: February 2011

How to achieve a realistic computer simulated effect of plain knitted fabric was explored in this article based on analyzing the geometric model of plain knitted fabric loop. In Visual C++ and OpenGL environment, select the circle as cross-section and use cubic B-Spline curve to simulate the yarn path, then the three-dimensional computer simulation of plain knitted fabric is realized in its general condition and it’s shear condition. The simulation results distinctly show the intermeshed loops and transformation effects of knitted structure in three-dimensional space.
Determination of Austenite Grain Coarsening Temperature of a Nb-Microalloyed Steel Sheet
Authors: Khaki Daavood Mirahmadi , Otaaghvar Vahid Alizaadeh , Khaki Masoud Mirahmadi
Published: February 2011

Thermomechnical processing and controlled rolling of microalloyed steel sheets are affected by several factors according to the final properties of product. To create the high mechanical properties, a uniform and fine-grain structure is necessary in hot rolled final products. To produce such microstructures, every stage of the thermomechanical processing of the steel rolling has to be carefully controlled. Hence, first step is grain coarsening control that it usually occurs during reheating for slab. For this purpose, seven different reheating temperatures between 1000 to 1300 °C with 50 °C increments were chosen in this investigation for soaking treatment. By soaking the specimens in furnace, the grain coarsening temperature (Tgc) is obtained about 1250 °C. Moreover, it is observed that increasing the reheating temperatures causes more decreasing of the precipitates percentage. Hence, for these kinds of steels, the reheating temperature 1200 to 1250 °C is recommended.
The Optimized Design for Groove Parameters Based on Cement Pavement Materials Performance
Authors: Yang Yong Shou , Yi Xiong , Hu Peng , Dong Qiang
Published: February 2011

Aiming at the service performance characteristics of cement concrete pavement, this paper puts forward optimized design concept for groove parameters of cement pavement. Single groove parameter optimal choice is systematically analyzed based on integrated service quality of cement pavement. Through a variety of multi-contrast laboratory tests and theoretical analysis, from three aspects of anti-slide, strength, and noise reduction, optimized design scheme of groove parameters are demonstrated and proposed, and groove parameters and form suitable for environment characteristics in seasonal frozen region are given.
Flow Stress Constitutive Equation of Age Hardening Cu-1.1Cr Alloy during Hot Compression Deformation
Authors: Zhang Li , Song Ke Xing , Zhang Yan Min , Wang Qing , Liu Wei Feng
Published: February 2011

The Cu-1.1Cr alloys performed in this paper were prepared by thermal deformation + solution treatment + cold deformation + aging treatment + machining. The flow stress behavior of Cu-1.1Cr alloy was investigated by isothermal compression on Gleeble-1500 hot simulator in the temperature range of 400-800°C and strain rate of 0.01-1s-1. The experimental results indicated that the flow stress of Cu-1.1Cr alloy depends on the strain rate and the deformation temperature. The flow stress increased with increasing strain rates and decreased with increasing temperature. The flow stress of Cu-1.1Cr alloy during hot compression deformation could be represented by Zener-Hollomon parameter including the Arrhenius term. The values of n, α and A in the analytical expressions of flow stress are fitted to be n=15.696, α=0.005178MPa-1 and A =1.289×1021s -1, respectively. The hot deformation activation energy is 346.738kJ/mol. The constitutive equation of the Cu-1.1Cr alloy was obtained .
Computer-Aided Design and Fabrication of Bio-Mimetic Materials and Scaffold Micro-Structures
Authors: Chen Yu Hang , Cadman Joseph , Zhou Shi Wei , Li Qing
Published: February 2011

Computer-aided design (CAD) has proven effective in enabling novel approaches for tissue engineering applications. This paper demonstrates the applicability of various mathematical methods to design and fabricate bio-mimetic materials via two illustrative examples. Firstly, CAD models of cellular biomaterials that mimic the micro-structure of cuttlefish bone are designed based on the principles of the homogenization method. Secondly, a three-dimensional bi-objective topology optimization approach based upon the inverse homogenization method is used to design scaffold micro-structures with tailored effective stiffness and permeability properties. Consequently, solid free-form fabrication is used to fabricate such cellular bio-mimetic materials, which show a great potential in tissue engineering applications.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange on the Composite of TiO2 and Lanthanum Niobate
Authors: Zhang Wen Jie , Sun Xin , Ge Nan
Published: February 2011

In order to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2, the optimal catalytic conditions of TiO2 and niobate as well as the composite TiO2 and niobate photocatalyst were studied. 10 mg/l of methyl orange solution was taken as imitated waste water. The results indicated that the optimum dosage of TiO2 was 0.8 g/l. The optimal calcination temperature to prepare lanthanum niobate was 900 oC. n(La):n(Nb) was in the range of 0.6:1−3:1, and the photocatalyst prepared in the ratio of 1.4:1 showed the highest activity. The results also showed that, TiO2-lanthanum niobate composite prepared by solid-state reaction method showed better photocatalytic activity on methyl orange degradation compared with pure TiO2. After 120 minutes of irradiation, methyl orange degradation rate reached 94.2 % when using the composite photocatalyst.
A Method of Obtaining Gray Balance Data Based on Polynomial Regression
Authors: Sun Bang Yong , Zhou Shi Sheng , Cao Cong Jun , Zheng Yuan Lin
Published: February 2011

As gray balance is very important for color separation and printing quality control, a method based on polynomial regression is proposed to determining the gray balance data in printing process. Firstly the patches on GrayFinder target of GRACoL proof are measured and the L*a*b* values are obtained, then the relationship between L*a*b* and CMY is determined by using the polynomial regression method, at last the different lightness’ corresponding CMY values are found which constitute the gray balance data by using the relationship obtained above. In the experiment, 8 gray patches are used to test the algorithm, and the result shows the average error is 0.969 with the maximal error 2.047 which indicates that the method can be used to find gray balance data.
Study on the Reuse of Production Wastewater with Submerged Ultrafiltration Membrane
Authors: Gao Guo Wei , He Wen Jie , Li Chen , Hu Jian Kun
Published: February 2011

Production wastewater (PWW) produced at water treatment plants is an inescapable byproduct and most of it has long been treated as a waste. UF offers a suitable treatment for PWW in order to guarantee a water quality necessary for reuse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of submerged membrane ﬁltration for reducing NOM and the effects of backwash. Turbidity was almost removed to less than 0.11NTU and the removal rate of each series of particle size could be 99.99%. In a membrane-blocking formation comparable ﬁltration system, the ﬁltration resistance due to cake formation fouling was far more three-fold higher than that due to concentration polarization. The minimum TMP due to membrane fouling progressively increased from 0.052 MPa to 0.055 MPa during the operation. Backwash operation can effectively restrain particle fouling and therefore reduce filtration resistances, especially for the cake resistance. The TMP decreases from 0.065 MPa to 0.053MPa after backwash operation.
Esterification of Polypropylene Fiber and its Adsorption of Phthalate Esters
Authors: Wang Hai Tao , Wei Jun Fu , Zhang Huan , Zhao Kong Yin , Mu Li Juan , Wang Miao , Zheng Jian
Published: February 2011

In this work, an acrylic-polypropylene grafting copolymer (PP-g-AA) was prepared by 60Co γ-rays irradiation grafting with acrylic acid (AA) onto polypropylene (PP) fiber. The esterification PP-g-AA fiber (PP-g-COOR) was prepared by the esterification of PP-g-AA with C8 alcohol via SOCl2 as the intermediate. The PP-g-COOR fiber was utilized to adsorb and enrich trace dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in water. The results indicated that PP-g-COOR fiber exhibited a good adsorption property of DBP. The adsorption property of PP-g-COOR fiber was greatly enlarged 25 times than the PP-g-AA. The distribution coefficient of DBP on PP-g-COOR fiber depended on the pH values of aqueous phase and the initial concentration of DBP. In general, the PP-g-COOR fiber was better for the adsorption and enrichment of DBP.
Thermodynamics and Dynamics Study on Solidification Process of Mg3Zn6Y Quasicrystals
Authors: Zhao Wei Min , Wang Zhi Feng , Li Hai Peng , Qin Chun Ling
Published: February 2011

Thermodynamics and dynamics of Mg3Zn6Y quasicrystals in solidification process were detailedly studied in this paper. The free energy, nucleation rate and nucleation energy were deduced and calculated. It shows that the driving force and nucleation rate gradually increase with the decreased temperature. The further studies show that the nucleation energy increase gradually with the decreased liquidus temperature. And it is apt to quasicrystal nucleation by increasing the cooling rate in a proper temperature range.
Study on Random Reliability Analysis of Dam Abutment
Authors: Wang Jian Hua
Published: February 2011

Stability reliability analysis of abutment rock of arch dam is a very complicated problem which must be studied and solved. Generally, entirely sliding stability reliability analysis should be made when abutment rock bounded by structure planes like fault, joints and fissures, and layers is possible to slide. Due to the complex causes and structures, diverse litholigy, different rocks have different mechanics attributes. While the physical and mechanical parameters of the same rocks are of obvious dispersion and uncertainty. And it is also complex to calculate the pushing force at arch abutment on dam abutment rock, because the uncertain factors as water pressure, sediment, variable temperatures and materials parameters are contained. In this essay, based on Stochastic Finite Element Method, the formula of sliding stability reliability analysis of dam abutment rock is given. The formula can be used for entirely stability reliability analysis of dam abutment.
Enhanced Authentication Using Keystroke and Mouse Dynamics
Authors: Boopathi Mythili , Vani M.P.
Published: February 2011

“Biometrics” is used to detect an intruder based on anomaly intrusion detection system. A new technique is introduced that is user profiling based on Biometrics which is very accurate than Statistical profiling since they are based on behavioral characteristics of user. A new biometrics based technique, which can be used to detect intrusion without the need for any special hardware implementation and without forcing the user to do special actions. The techniques based on “keystroke dynamics” and “mouse dynamics” biometrics does not allow special hardware device for data collection and does not allow passive monitoring. Mouse dynamics is used in GUI base applications, whereas a keyboard is essential for command line base applications.