bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of stem rot on wood basic density, carbon, and nitrogen content of living deciduous trees in hemiboreal forests
Authors:   Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava,” Rigas Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia, Liepiņš Jānis , Jaunslaviete Ieva , Liepiņš Kaspars , Jansone Līga , Matisons Roberts , Lazdiņš Andis , Jansons Āris
Published: September 2023

While numerous studies have focused on analyzing various aspects of the carbon (C) budget in forests, there appears to be a lack of comprehensive assessments specifically addressing the impact of stem rot on the C budget of broadleaf tree species, especially in old-growth forests where stem rot is prevalent. One of the main challenges in accurately quantifying C losses caused by stem rot is the lack of precise data on the basic density and C content of decayed wood, which are crucial for converting decayed wood volume into biomass and C stocks. Using linear mixed-effects models, we examine the variability of wood basic density, C content, and nitrogen (N) content. Discolored and decomposed wood was collected from the stems of 136 living deciduous trees common in hemiboreal forests in Latvia. Our research indicates a noticeable reduction in the wood basic density, coupled with an increase in the N content within the stem wood throughout the decomposition process in birch (Betula spp.), European aspen (Populus tremula L.), grey alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench), and common alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.). While aspen wood showed a decreasing trend in C content as decay progressed, a pairwise comparison test revealed no significant differences in C content between discolored and decomposed wood for the studied species, unlike the findings for basic density and N content. This study emphasizes the need to account for stem rot in old-growth forest carbon budgets, especially in broadleaf species, and calls for more research on stem rot-induced carbon losses.
Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoarchitecture Crystals as an Advanced Electrode Material for Supercapacitors
Authors: S Nelson Amirtharaj , M Mariappan , V Beaula premavathi
Published: September 2023

A NiO nanoarchitecture with a chain-like structure material was synthesized using a CTAB-assisted sonochemical method and then applied as an electrode in supercapacitors. Spectral analysis like XRD, FTIR and SEM was used to characterize the crystalline nature, internal structure and morphological properties of NiO nanoarchitecture. At a scan rate of 5 mV s-1, the NiO material exhibits a pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanism and provides a specific capacitance of 562 with good rate capabilities. Moreover, the chain-like NiO material exhibits outstanding cycle stability, retaining 96% of the original capacitance after 3,000 cycles at a scan rate of 100 mV s-1. The high-performance, chain-like nanostructured NiO material is easy to make and is of great interest for improved energy storage devices.
Computational Analysis of Excited State Intramolecular Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Microsolvation Studies on 8-Acetyl-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin using DFT and TDDFT
Authors: KANDIGOWDA DR.JAGADEESHA , PREMSINGH M. , ANILKUMAR R.J. , RAMU Y.L.
Published: September 2023

The computational calculations were carried out on 8-acetyl-7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin (AHM) and its water complex AHM+(H2O)4- [AHMH] at ground and excited states by employing density functional theory (DFT)/specific state time-dependent density functional theory (SS-TDDFT). In AHM and AHMH molecules, there is an intramolecular hydrogen bond between hydroxyl group and acetyl group along with inter-molecular hydrogen bonds in the hydrated molecule. The computational studies of molecular structural parameters, molecular electrostatic potential, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, the molecular orbital’s and UV-Vis spectra of both the molecules under polar solvents were explored by B3LYP/cc-pVDZ/PCM/EFP1 method. The intramolecular hydrogen atom transpired between hydroxyl to acetyl group in AHM/AHMH molecules from S0→S1 state but not in S0→S3/S0→S2 states even though the S3/S2 states have significant oscillation strengths. This indicates that intramolecular chage transfer (ICT) occurs within the molecules and it confirmed using potential energy surface (PES) scan studies.
Zinc Catalysts: Unlocking the Sustainable Transformation of Post-Consumer PET Waste through Chemical Recycling
Authors: MURUGAN ANBARASU , VISWANATHAN VINITHA , RAVIKUMAR DHANALAKSHMI , VAJIRAVELU SIVAMURUGAN
Published: September 2023

This review article focuses on the reclamation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste accomplished through zinc catalyzed depolymerization. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a polyester that can be depolymerized in a variety of ways, including hydrolysis, alcoholysis, ammonolysis and aminolysis. Among these methods, widely employed methods are glycolysis and aminolysis due to their simplicity and adaptability in synthetic processes. The review explores the role of zinc catalysts in the PET depolymerization, with an emphasis on the latest advancements in this field. Zinc catalysts, known for their Lewis acidic nature, are capable of activating ester bonds using ionic liquids, nanoparticles, complexes, salts, porous materials and nanocomposites. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous zinc catalysts are discussed briefly in this comprehensive review.
Photocatalytic Studies and Antibacterial Activity of Copper thiotungstate/ Reduced Graphine Oxide Nanocomposites (Cu2WS4/rGO)
Authors: PERUMAL PRIYA , MAHADEVAN LAKSHMI
Published: September 2023

A copper tungsten sulfide (Cu2WS4)-anchored reduced graphene oxide (Cu2WS4/rGO) nanocomposite was prepared using a feasible hydrothermal approach and succssfully employed as photocatalytic material for the degradation of reactive black-5 (RB-5) dye. In the preparation of Cu2WS4 and Cu2WS4/rGO nanocomposite, copper nitrate, tungsten oxalate, metallic sulfur, graphene oxide, sodium hydroxide and sodium borohydride were used as sources of precursors. The prepared materials (Cu2WS4 and Cu2WS4/rGO) were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), DRS-UV, FT-IR and Raman spectral analysis, whereas, the morphology and composition of Cu2WS4 and Cu2WS4/rGO were determined by TEM, FESEM and EDAX analyses. Under visible light conditions with a band gap of 1.8 eV, the degradation capacity of Cu2WS4/rGO nanocomposite towards reactive black-5 dye was enhanced and a dragadation efficiency of 98.2% was achieved at 120 min. The antimicrobial activity results of Cu2WS4/rGO nanocomposite showed that the prepared nanocomposites exhibit improved antibacterial activity 20% (S. aureus) and 10% (P. aeruginosa) growth inhibition
A Simple Single-Step Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methane using Polyaniline-Supported Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites as Catalysts
Authors: Mule Sandip , Patil C S , Pansare Dattatraya
Published: September 2023

A novel approach for synthesizing bis(indolyl)methane derivatives (3a-k) through the reaction of aromatic aldehyde and 5-bromo indole in ethanol is presented. The reaction utilizes a heterogeneous catalyst composed of polyaniline supported graphene oxide, which offersenvironmental benefits. Advantages of the approach over previously described methods include a shorter reaction time, milder reaction conditions, and a reusable catalyst. Furthermore, this synthetic route aligns with the principles of green chemistry by fulfilling various important requirements. The synthesized catalysts, consisting of heterogeneous polyaniline supported graphene oxide, were thoroughly characterized using SEM, IR and XRD techniques.
Spectroscopic and DFT Analysis of (Z)-3-(Anthracen-9-yl)-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)acrylonitrile Fluorophore
Authors: PRABHU G. , REVATHI R. , NAGARAJAN N. , RENGANATHAN R.
Published: September 2023

Fluorophore molecule (Z)-3-(anthracen-9-yl)-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)acrylonitrile (ANCN) containing anthracene as donor (D), acrylonitrile as acceptor (A) and naphthalene as donor (D) has been synthesized and characterized. ANCN is crystallized in monoclinic crystal system with P21/c space group. The absorption spectra of the compounds are dominated by intramolecular charge transitions that arise from the anthracene core to the acceptor groups. The compounds display distinct dual and single emission behaviour in different solvent environments. The CIE colour chromaticity diagram shows that the emission of ANCN in dichloromethane solution is in blue region, while neat film in greenish blue and 1% ANCN doped with PMMA in bluish-green region. Frontier molecular orbitals of the compound show that the localization of HOMO can be visualized on the anthracene unit and the LUMO is localized on the acrylonitrile unit. Thus, there is an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from HOMO to LUMO.
Generation of Pure H2 through CH4 Cracking Over Ni Supported on ZrO2 Modified Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: KANDUKURI VENKATESHWARLU , MANDA KALPANA , AYTAM HARI PADMASRI , VASAM CHANDRASEKHAR
Published: September 2023

Clean hydrogen formation via CH4 cracking on a zirconia-modified alumina support at 550 ºC and atmospheric pressure with constant Ni loading. The increased H2 yields on 20Ni/3 wt.% ZrO2-Al2O3 are explained by the large Ni surface area. TEM and XRD confirmed the deactivated catalyst’s graphitic origin, while Raman spectroscopy helped distinguish between ordered and disordered carbon. As determined by H2 pulse chemisorption, the high H2 yields produced by 20wt%Ni/3 wt.%ZrO2-Al2O3 catalyst is typified by well- ispersed Ni particles and large Ni metal area.
The FABDEM Outperforms the Global DEMs in Representing Bare Terrain Heights
Authors: Osama Nahed , Shao Zhenfeng , Freeshah Mohamed
Published: September 2023

Many remote sensing and geoscience applications require a high-precision terrain model. In 2022, the Forest And Buildings removed Copernicus digital elevation model (FABDEM) was released, in which trees and buildings were removed at a 30 m resolution. Therefore, it was necessary to
make a comprehensive evaluation of this model. This research aims to perform a qualitative and quantitative analysis of fabdem in comparison with the commonly used global dems. We investigated the effect of the terrain slope, aspect, roughness, and land cover types in causing errors in the
topographic representation of all dems. The fabdem had the highest overall vertical accuracy of 5.56 m. It was the best dem in representing the terrain roughness. The fabdem and Copernicus dem were equally influenced by the slopes more than the other models and had the worst accuracy of slope
representation. In the tree, built, and flooded vegetation areas of the fabdem, the mean errors in elevation have been reduced by approximately 3.34 m, 1.26 m and 1.55 m, respectively. Based on Welch's t-test, there was no significant difference between fabdem and Copernicus dem elevations.
However, the slight improvements in the fabdem make it the best filtered dem to represent the terrain heights over different land cover types.
Música, Saúde Mental e Pandemia: Manter-se (Im)Produtivo em Tempos de Confinamento
Authors: D'Avila Denise Ayres , Pereira Ana Paula , Zanella Andréa Vieira , Maheirie Kátia
Published: September 2023

Neste artigo abordamos a relação entre arte e pandemia desde a perspectiva de músicos e musicistas que trabalham com e vivem da música. O objetivo do estudo foi compreender como as condições de restrição social e risco epidemiológico têm interferido na produção, criação e subsistência de profissionais da música. Foram realizadas entrevistas com cinco artistas que atuam profissionalmente com a música, sendo essa sua principal fonte de renda. As respostas obtidas foram problematizadas com discussões de autores que estão abordando as questões psicológicas, sociais e econômicas decorrentes da pandemia, como Giorgio Agambem, Boaventura de Souza Santos e Alain Bihr, em diálogo com as teorizações sobre processos de criação apresentadas por Lev Vigotski e interlocutores/as. Como resultados, constatam-se os efeitos do isolamento social e restrições de mobilidade nas condições de trabalho e seus desdobramentos. Os/as profissionais se reinventaram em apresentações via plataformas digitais, mas logo constataram esgotamento da prática e se viram obrigados a desenvolver atividades econômicas diversas da música para garantir a subsistência.
Uso de Jogos no Ensino da Matemática: Uma Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Brandão Luma Mirely de Souza , Castro Gil Gleitson , Gomes Anderson Leite Meira , Gregorio Edney Freitas
Published: September 2023

O presente artigo verificou por meio da literatura vigente de que forma o uso de jogos auxilia no ensino da matemática no ensino fundamental e no ensino médio de escolas brasileiras. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, na qual foram analisados 11 artigos publicados nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol e indexados na base de dados Web of Science. A análise evidenciou os inúmeros benefícios que o uso de jogos no ensino da matemática proporcionou aos alunos, aos professores e às escolas, potencializando o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Os principais benefícios constatados foram facilidade de compreensão e aprendizagem da matemática, maior participação, interesse e motivação dos alunos, melhor raciocínio lógico, postura mais ativa e maior autonomia dos alunos, melhores relações sociais e aulas mais dinâmicas e prazerosas. Esses resultados ressaltam a importância do uso de jogos no ensino da matemática, auxiliando o processo de ensino-aprendizagem da matemática.
Management Implications for HR Analytics in Light of Systems Theory
Authors: Peres Alexandre Ricardo , Riccio Edson Luiz , Laurindo Fernando José Barbin
Published: September 2023

Since the 2000s, the HR Analytics field has experienced a steady growth in published works, with a variety of focus, but aiming the value added to HR Management. Recently, the literature has been increasingly focused on factors to be considered in HR Analytics frameworks, suggesting the question of “how” HR Analytics should be put into practice and drove by objectives; unlike initial (but still abundant) approaches of “what” should be done. This paper aims to address gaps that could help setting management resources, researching if there are relevant nuances in HR Analytics objectives that may imply in distinct ways to manage the activity. Two main approaches were combined: (i) a quantitative and qualitative analysis of recent publications and (ii) an approach under the Systems Theory constructs. HR Analytics definitions, approaches, underlying themes, related areas of study and academic gaps were analyzed from 231 publications in the Scopus database until 2021. The analysis highlighted main features of interest, which were clustered and drove to the drawing of distinct (but related) objectives and ways of manage HR Analytics. Moreover, comparisons with knowledge creation of correlated activities led to the proposition of a taxonomy as a driver to objectives and a research agenda.
Communicative Competence of Law Enforcement Officers
Authors: Fedorenko Olena , Miloradova Natalia , Kharchenko Svitlana , Dotsenko Viktoriia , Makarova Olena , Chervonyi Pavlo , Makarenko Pavlo
Published: September 2023

The article deals with the actual problems of the communicative competence of law enforcement officers, in particular, the negative consequences for society caused by the lack of professionalism of law enforcement officers in the communicative sphere. The paradigm of the study is the assertion that the most important aspect of the professional activity of employees of the internal affairs bodies is to work with people, but unlike other professions, the specifics of building interpersonal relationships with people in internal affairs employees are determined by special working conditions, unusual circumstances, as well as occasions and situations dissimilar to each other. In this regard, there is a need to improve the communicative competence of employees of law enforcement agencies. From the standpoint of an integrative approach, an analysis was made of the phenomenon of the communicative competence of law enforcement officers; the existing gaps in this area and the necessary “points” for applying efforts to improve the situation were identified.
O Perfil do Egresso da Engenharia Ambiental: Perspectivas e Apontamentos para a Implementação de Metodologias Ativas em Educação em Engenharia
Authors: Silva Priscilla Chantal , Teixeira Ricardo Luiz
Published: September 2023

A busca pela renovação do ensino de Engenharia, visando atender às inovações da indústria 4.0, tem gerado intensas discussões sobre a necessidade de novas metodologias de ensino. As metodologias ativas surgem como estratégias para promover a mudança do ensino tradicional. Embora alguns docentes apresentem resistência a essas abordagens, os órgãos gestores dos cursos de Engenharia das universidades brasileiras têm estabelecido exigências para acompanhar as novas tendências do mercado. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o perfil do egresso do curso de Engenharia Ambiental em uma universidade pública brasileira, bem como identificar suas impressões e demandas. Os resultados indicam que o perfil do egresso não apenas revela como a universidade tem trabalhado as competências e habilidades nos cursos de engenharia, mas também aponta as demandas do mercado de trabalho no cenário nacional atual. Observou-se ainda que as metodologias ativas desempenham um papel importante na busca por atender às novas exigências. Conclui-se que a pesquisa do perfil do egresso auxilia a universidade nas tomadas de decisões acerca das possíveis mudanças no desenvolvimento dos cursos de graduação, uma vez que fornece informações sobre as necessidades dos profissionais da área fora do ambiente acadêmico.
Unlocking Africa’s solar and wind energy potential: A panel data analysis on the determinants of the production of electricity through solar and wind energy
Authors: De Vries Martina Gintarė
Published: September 2023

With growing global concerns about and attention drawn to climate change, there is a pressing need to transition towards sustainable practices to live more harmoniously with the environment. To mitigate future climate changes, many support and pursue the uptake of renewable energy to slowly shift to a more electricity powered world. Africa, richly endowed with the potential of solar and wind, stands at a pivotal point with the opportunity to develop through electricity generated by renewable. Therefore, this research delves into the complexity of 25 factors influencing the production of solar and wind-powered electricity within the continent. Through a panel data analysis conducted for the years of 2010 till 2019, the study identifies several determinants to have positive and negative effects. Results highlight the intertwined nature of regional challenges and opportunities, emphasizing that political stability, socio-economic dynamics, sound national strategies, and environmental and international commitments play pivotal roles in determining the trajectory of solar and wind energy integration in Africa’s electricity mix. Notably the study underscores that a uniform approach across Africa is insufficient, instead tailored national and foreign strategies based on regional specifics found within this study are imperative for maximizing renewable energy adoption.
A Decade of Research Into Second Language Acquisition: A State-of-the-Science Review (2009-2019)
Authors: Wang Huili , Guo Hanning , Yang Lianrui , Wolter Brent
Published: September 2023

This study investigated the knowledge domain of second language acquisition (SLA) research in 2009-2019. It selected about a decade of studies in the SLA knowledge domain and applied an available data analysis tool CiteSpace to show a picture of SLA research. The 11-year period of studies was retrieved from the Web of Science database, totally 4, 660 bibliographic records. By employing the embedded algorithm analyzing literature in CiteSpace, the present study found the factors influencing SLA and statistical models were critical aspects in L2 research, and research topics were conducted in psychological, neuroscience, linguistic, and language teaching frameworks. Additionally, research patterns in the SLA domain have become more diversified, and empirical studies of cognitive science have gradually taken a dominant position in recent years. Spikes of increased numbers of detected papers in the period of 2009-2019 showed research focus and methodology would possibly continue to be interdisciplinary in future research.
Chinese Learners’ Use of Translation in Learning Academic Subjects in English-Medium Instruction Context
Authors: Zhang Xiaohan , Zou Bin
Published: September 2023

Many researchers have identified learning strategies that university students adopt to overcome difficulties in programs taught in English, among which translation is a potentially helpful one. This study explores Chinese undergraduate students’ perceptions of translation as a learning strategy when learning content in the English-medium instruction (EMI) context. Although a number of studies have investigated translation used by learners in second or foreign language acquisition, those studies were rare in the EMI context of tertiary education, particularly in China. By focusing on students’ perspectives, this study provides an insight into how translation is used to assist academic learning in EMI context and highlights its effectiveness. Data consisted of semistructured interviews with 14 volunteer Chinese undergraduates of various majors. It is found that most of the participants resorted to translation to deal with language-related problems, especially in English reading and writing activities. They usually translated utilizing various machine translators, which did not always have a fulfilling effect on students’ learning. Although the majority considered translation helpful for academic learning, it might not be the preferred solution to subject-related confusion for Chinese undergraduate students learning in the EMI context.
Second Language Learners Listening to their Peers: Is There a Shared L1 Effect for L2 Comprehensibility and Accentedness?
Authors: Tergujeff Elina
Published: September 2023

Previous research on the perception of second-language speech has suggested that non-native listeners may benefit from sharing the speakers’ first language, e. g. speakers of Spanish find Spanish-accented English easy to understand. In the present study, L2 English speech samples elicited from L1 Finnish and L1 Finland-Swedish speakers were rated for comprehensibility and accentedness by English-speaking listeners and the speakers’ peers, seeking to explore whether there is a difference between the listener groups. In addition, the speakers’ overall spoken proficiency (A2, B1, B2 on the CEFR scale) was considered in the analysis to find out if the possible shared L1 effect is connected to the speakers’ proficiency. The results were mixed, finding that L1 Finland-Swedish listeners were more lenient towards their peers’ English than the English-speaking listeners were, whereas L1 Finnish listeners gave comprehensibility ratings equal to those given by English-speaking listeners, and accentedness ratings that were stricter. The finding supports earlier suggestions on the effects of sharing the speakers’ L1 for L2 speech perception being L1 dependent. As for the influence of the speakers’ proficiency, the results demonstrate a greater difference between English-speaking listeners and listeners who share the speakers’ L1 regarding low-proficiency speakers.
HMGB1-RAGE axis contributes to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via regulation of cardiomyocyte autophagy and apoptosis in diabetic mice
Authors: He De-Wei , Liu De-Zhao , Luo Xiao-Zhi , Chen Chuan-Bin , Lu Chuang-Hong , Na Na , Huang Feng
Published: September 2023

Patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with diabetes are more likely to develop myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (MI/RI) during reperfusion therapy. Both HMGB1 and RAGE play important roles in MI/RI. However, the specific mechanisms of HMGB1 associated with RAGE are not fully clarified in diabetic MI/RI. This study aimed to investigate whether the HMGB1-RAGE axis induces diabetic MI/RI via regulating autophagy and apoptosis. A db/db mouse model of MI/RI was established, where anti-HMGB1 antibody and RAGE inhibitor (FPS-ZM1) were respectively injected after 10 min of reperfusion. The results showed that treatment with anti-HMGB1 significantly reduced the infarct size, serum LDH, and CK-MB level. Similar situations also occurred in mice administrated with FPS-ZM1, though the HMGB1 level was unchanged. Then, we found that treatment with anti-HMGB1 or FPS-ZM1 performed the same effects in suppressing the autophagy and apoptosis, as reflected by the results of lower LAMP2 and LC3B levels, increased Bcl-2 level, reduced BAX and caspase-3 levels. Moreover, the Pink1/Parkin levels were also inhibited at the same time. Collectively, this study indicates that the HMGB1-RAGE axis aggravated diabetic MI/RI via apoptosis and Pink1/Parkin mediated autophagy pathways, and inhibition of HMGB1 or RAGE contributes to alleviating those adverse situations.
Reflection 6593: Kant’s Rousseau and the Vocation of the Human Being
Authors: Kryluk Michael
Published: September 2023

In this essay, I examine Kant’s interpretation of Rousseau through the lens of Reflection 6593. This Reflection deserves scrutiny because it serves as a bridge between Kant’s well-known engagement with Rousseau in the mid-1760s and his later discussions of the vocation of the human being in the lectures on ethics and anthropology. Through a close reading of R 6593, I argue that the Reflection offers the earliest evidence of Kant’s philosophy of history and its integration into his treatment of the human vocation. This change, I propose, is instigated by Rousseau’s “Abstract” of St. Pierre’s Perpetual Peace. I conclude that R 6593 is a crucial indicator of Kant’s evolving views on Rousseau and shows his enduring importance for understanding the formation of Kant’s mature political thought.
Ethics and Social Responsibility in Information Behavior, an Interdisciplinary Research in Uruguay
Authors: Sabelli Martha
Published: September 2023

This article presents a series of projects focused, within the framework of the ethical and social responsibility of a Latin American public university, on the information behavior of disadvantaged people, developed from 2008 to the present, within the Information Institute of the University of the Republic, Uruguay. They arose from the views and ideas supported by the project leaders and teams concerning the deficiencies and limitations in the access, use, and appropriation of necessary, relevant, valuable, and reliable information for the personal and social development of social sectors in unfavorable situations in the contexts in which they live. Each of the studies has real social impacts on information policy agendas, incorporating actions to achieve the 2030 Agenda. The projects comprise the theoretical and methodological perspectives presented in each one on the field of information behavior and related to each situation problem identified in a specific user community. The research subjects were young women (2008–2010), adolescents (2010–2015), older women (2017–2019), and family members of children with autism spectrum syndrome (ASD) (2021–2023). We seek to understand the social realities of information and information technologies insofar as most investigations incorporate the development and use of ICTs in the quest to disseminate inclusive information.
Epistemic modality and grounding: constructions expressing positive epistemic judgement in Spanish and Italian from the perspective of cognitive grammar (with particular reference to the verbs credere and creer)
Authors: Kratochvílová Dana
Published: September 2023

This paper examines the means of expressing positive epistemic judgement in Spanish and Italian: modals in their epistemic interpretation, epistemic adverb + indicative/subjunctive, with particular attention to the verbs creer/credere and their possible combination with the subjunctive. The constructions are analysed through the prism of cognitive grammar, specifically Langacker’s theory of grounding. It is argued that the different types of epistemic judgement are analogous to nominal grounding elements (demonstrative pronouns, the definite article and relative quantifiers). The subjunctive after epistemic adverbs and verbs (such as tal vez or credere) is seen as the verbal counterpart of the relative quantifier some. Analyses suggest that this analogy helps to define the semantic difference between similar structures with the indicative and to resolve questions concerning the function of the subjunctive in epistemic contexts, such as the degree of uncertainty or the speaker’s attitude towards the propositional content.
Synthesis and surface properties of branched-chain tertiary fatty alcohol sulfate surfactants
Authors: Wang Qian , Li Xu , Dong Jinxiang
Published: September 2023

In this paper, anionic branched-chain tertiary fatty alcohol sulfate surfactants were synthesized from n-hexene and n-octene using selective olefin dimerization, hydration reaction (hydroxylation), and sulfur trioxide sulfation. The direct hydration reaction of the α-olefin dimer 2-butyl-1-octene with water as a model reaction was explored for the synthesis of branched-chain tertiary fatty alcohols. Two branched-chain tertiary fatty alcohol sulfate surfactants, namely C12-SBTAS and C16-SBTAS, with different carbon chain lengths, were synthesized by the sulfur trioxide sulfation method. Their structures were confirmed by various analytical techniques, including HPLC, FT-IR, HR-MS, and 1H NMR. Equilibrium and dynamic surface tension, foaming, wetting, and emulsifying properties were compared with those of Guerbet cetyl alcohol sulfate (C16-SGAS). C12-SBTAS and C16-SBTAS exhibited good surface activity with equilibrium surface tension (γ
CMC) values of 27.41 mN m−1 and 26.69 mN m−1, respectively. They also had low foaming and rapid defoaming abilities, as well as good wetting and emulsifying properties, which match the application characteristics of typical branched-chain surfactants.
En torno al pseudoanglicismo acuñado por traducción
Authors: Lillo Antonio
Published: September 2023

The study of pseudo-English words arising as translations of Spanish lexemes and expressions has been largely overlooked, if not deliberately ignored, by scholars working in the field of Anglicisms. There are several reasons for this, but the most important is surely that the type of translation involved in the coinage of these words goes right against the grain of what is deemed conventional, common-or-garden calquing. A lexical or phrasal unit coined as a calque of a Spanish word or phrase may look English, but is actually Spanish. On occasion, a Spanish word or word element may also be jocularly interpreted as if it were English, thus lending itself to playful calquing into Spanish. Drawing on a corpus of over 2,000 citations from the microblogging site Twitter, this article provides a detailed analysis of the processes used to create Spanish-based false Anglicisms, usually for playful or humorous effect. The bottom line of this analysis is that these calqued formations are generally motivated by a desire to undermine the sophistication and prestige associated with the use of English loanwords in Spanish.
SOSYO-EKONOMİK SONUÇLARI AÇISINDAN 1935 ERDEK-MARMARA ADASI DEPREMİ
Authors: KUMAŞ Nursal
Published: September 2023

Deprem kuşağında yer alan Türkiye’de meydana gelen sarsıntıların bir kısmı insan ve mal kaybına neden olabilmektedir. Nitekim 4 Ocak 1935 Cuma günü merkez üssü Balıkesir’in Erdek ilçesine bağlı Marmara Adası olan 6,4 büyüklüğünde bir deprem meydana geldi. Çevre il ve ilçelerden de hissedilen bu deprem sonucunda birçok kişi yaralanırken resmi rakamlara göre 5 kişi hayatını kaybetti ve 600 bina da hasar gördü. Deprem en çok Marmara Adası nahiyesine bağlı köyleri etkiledi. Depremin artçı sarsıntılarının günlerce devam etmesi bölgedeki yıkımın etkisini artırdı. Bölgede kış koşullarının ağır geçmesi, fırtına, yağmur ve soğuk hava yardım faaliyetlerini olumsuz yönde etkiledi. Depremzedeler önce çadırlarda daha sonra da kendileri için yapılan barakalarda iskân edildiler.

Deprem bölgesinden Erdek Kaymakamı Esat Bey aracılığıyla elde edilen bilgiler Dâhiliye Vekâleti, Sıhhat ve İçtimai Muavenet Vekâleti ve Hilali Ahmer Cemiyeti Genel Merkezi’yle telgraf yoluyla paylaşıldı. Balıkesir valiliğinin koordinasyonuyla depremzedelere iaşe, ibate, iskân ve evlerin tamirinin gerçekleştirilmesi için bir yardım komitesi oluşturuldu. Komisyon Bandırma’yı kriz merkezi haline getirerek deprem bölgesine yardım sevkiyatını gerçekleştirdi. Ayrıca Dâhiliye Vekâleti Teftiş Heyeti Reisi İbrahim Sabri Çıtak’ı, Sıhhat ve İçtimai Muavenet Vekâleti de Başmüfettiş Dr. Fuad Sorağman’ı incelemeler yapmak üzere bölgeye gönderdi. Her iki müfettiş bölgede yaptıkları gözlemlerini ve yardım faaliyetlerini raporlar halinde ilgili bakanlıklara sundular. Bu çalışmada söz konusu teftiş raporları, Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Cumhuriyet Arşivi (BCA) Belgeleri ve dönemin gazetelerinden yararlanılarak depremin sosyo ekonomik sonuçları üzerinde duruldu.
PARA QUAL ESCOLA VOCÊ DEVE ENVIAR OS SEUS FILHOS?
Authors: Angela Peter da Fonseca Maria , Antonio Callegaro Tambara Elomar
Published: September 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é mapear comportamentos doutrinários, ideológicos, e pedagógicos presentes na cultura escolar de duas Deutsche Schulen (Escolas Alemãs) urbanas, instituições escolares localizadas nas cidades de Pelotas, Brasil e Buenos Aires, Argentina (1900-1930). As fontes principais são Relatórios de Jubileus Comemorativos das duas instituições. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e qualitativa que utiliza os referenciais teóricos-epistemológicos da História Cultural e História Conectada. Cultura escolar e tradições étnicas com vistas à continuidade do Deutschtum mesclaram-se sincronicamente ao cotidiano de alunos teuto-brasileiros e teuto-argentinos no início do século XX.
DE COMUNIDADE INFANTIL À PAULISTINHA:
Authors: Carla de Oliveira Rosana , Panizzolo Claudia
Published: September 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a institucionalização da primeira creche universitária federal criada no Brasil em 1971, nascida como Comunidade Infantil e hoje chamada de Núcleo de Educação Infantil- Escola Paulistinha de Educação. Toma como fontes documentais manuais, livros e entrevistas. Ancorado nas contribuições da História da Educação e na História das Instituições Escolares, apoia-se em uma investigação das ações específicas, que em relação com a sociedade produz sua existência material, assim, recriada pela instituição educativa. O estudo permite uma aproximação da primeira creche universitária criada no país, para uma melhor compreensão de suas condições de trabalho, financiamento e identidade institucional.
Apresentação
Authors: de Aragão Ballestrin Luciana Maria , Mendonça Daniel de Mendonça
Published: September 2023

É com grande satisfação que lançamos este primeiro número da Revista Sul-Americana de Ciência Política (RSulACP), periódico quadrimestral, editado pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Política da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brasil. A RSulACP tem como missão ser um vibrante veículo de divulgação científico-acadêmica, buscando enfocar seus dossiês em torno dos mais recentes debates da Ciência Política e das Relações Internacionais. Temos claro, no entanto, que tais áreas desenvolvem-se de forma mais criativa e mais preparadas à compreensão dos bruscos e rápidos acontecimentos contemporâneos se tiverem igualmente um constante olhar transdisciplinar, sobretudo direcionado aos demais campos das Humanidades. Neste sentido, serão sempre bemvindos trabalhos oriundos de estudiosos de todas as áreas e saberes das Ciências Humanas que dialoguem com os temas apresentados pelos dossiês da RSulACP
How Family History Helps Ukrainians Face the War
Authors: Wylegała Anna
Published: September 2023

Ukrainians displaced by the current Russian invasion frequently turn to family memories of a previous war to understand and cope with their situation. In an oral history project, Ukrainian refugees often compared Russian actions to World War II–era war crimes perpetrated in Ukraine by Nazi Germany—and many assert that the Russians today are worse. These experiences have fueled an intense hatred of the Russians, even among Russian-speakers. For these Ukrainians, the idea of the Russkii mir, or “Russian world,” binding post-Soviet countries in a common civilization, has been discredited.
A Decade of Dramatic Change in Ukrainian Society
Authors: Shevel Oxana
Published: September 2023

The Euromaidan revolution was the start of a process of profound change in Ukrainian identity. Russian aggression has completed this turn to a pro-Western, anti-Russian orientation.
Monomeric agonist peptide/MHCII complexes activate T‐cells in an autonomous fashion
Authors: Platzer René , Hellmeier Joschka , Göhring Janett , Perez Iago Doel , Schatzlmaier Philipp , Bodner Clara , Focke‐Tejkl Margarete , Schütz Gerhard J , Sevcsik Eva , Stockinger Hannes , Brameshuber Mario , Huppa Johannes B
Published: September 2023

Molecular crowding of agonist peptide/MHC class II complexes (pMHCIIs) with structurally similar, yet per se non‐stimulatory endogenous pMHCIIs is postulated to sensitize T‐cells for the recognition of single antigens on the surface of dendritic cells and B‐cells. When testing this premise with the use of advanced live cell microscopy, we observe pMHCIIs as monomeric, randomly distributed entities diffusing rapidly after entering the APC surface. Synaptic TCR engagement of highly abundant endogenous pMHCIIs is low or non‐existent and affects neither TCR engagement of rare agonist pMHCII in early and advanced synapses nor agonist‐induced TCR‐proximal signaling. Our findings highlight the capacity of single freely diffusing agonist pMHCIIs to elicit the full T‐cell response in an autonomous and peptide‐specific fashion with consequences for adaptive immunity and immunotherapeutic approaches.
Cardioprotective Dietary Pattern Of Siberian Population
Authors: Tsygankova Darya P. , Bazdyrev Evgeny D. , Agienko Alena S. , Nakhratova Olga V. , Indukaeva Elena V. , Artamonova Galina V. , Barbarash Olga L.
Published: September 2023

Background — Analysis of eating habits can help identify cardioprotective dietary patterns. It is necessary to qualitatively study the diet of modern inhabitants of Siberia and identify food stereotypes that contribute to effective cardiac prophylaxis. Objective — to study the diet of the inhabitants of Siberia and to identify the features of cardioprotective nutrition. Methods — A clinical and epidemiological prospective group study of the population permanently residing in Kemerovo Oblast (administrative entity of the Russian Federation) was carried out. The baseline study included 1,124 women (70.3%) and 476 men (29.7%). To identify latent factors (stereotypes of eating behavior), we used factor analysis (method of principal components). Results — Adherence to the fruit-and-vegetable stereotype was associated with an increased risk of obesity according to body mass index (BMI) (OR=1.57, CI: 1.27-1.96), waist circumference (WC) (OR=1.43, CI: 1.1-1.9), and presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR=1.27, CI: 1.2-2.2). Adherence to the protein-and-carbohydrate dietary pattern was connected to a reduced risk of detecting obesity in terms of BMI criteria (OR=0.75, CI: 0.6-0.95, p=0.015), WC (OR=0.52, CI:0.41-0.66), DM (OR=0.66, CI:0.47-0.93), hypercholesterolemia (OR=0.78, CI:0.62-0.98) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR=0.66, CI:0.52-0.83). Prospective observation demonstrated the variability of stereotypes: after three years, the following five stereotypes were identified: vegetable, protein-and-carbohydrate, fruit, dairy, and mixed. Conclusion — In contrast to the protein-and-carbohydrate diet, the fruit-and-vegetable stereotype of nutrition was associated with the development of obesity and DM. Considering the obtained results, it is necessary to study the qualitative characteristics of each stereotype (the content of macro- and microelements, kcal) and the motor activity of the respondents.
Electronic microscopic features of parafollicular cells of rat's thyroid gland after 60 days introduction of tartrazine and Mexidol®
Authors: Luzin Vladyslav I. , Morozov Vitaly N.
Published: September 2023

Objective: To establish the effect of the administration of tartrazine for 60 days, as well as Mexidol® under these conditions, on the structural features of the parafollicular cells of the rat's thyroid gland at the electron microscopic level. Material and methods. Thirty white male rats weighing 200-210 g were divided into five groups six rats each. The Group I is the control; the Groups II and III — rats received tartrazine at a concentration of 750 and 1500 mg/kg for 60 days; the Groups IV and V — under similar conditions Mexidol® was administered at the rate of 50 mg/kg. Qualitative changes in parafollicular cells were studied using electron microscopy, and quantitative changes — by morphometry Results. The fine-grained or fibrous contents were detected in the cisterns of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and areas of the destroyed matrix in some mitochondria after exposure to tartrazine. The ratio of area eu-chromatin/heterochromatin decreased in the Groups II and III by 5.7% and 56.9%, respectively, and the diameter of secretory granules — by 12.3% and 19%, respectively, compared with the Group I. The ratio of area euchromatin/het-erochromatin increased by 79.6% in Group V, and diameter of secretory granules — by 8.2% and 6.5% in the Groups IV and V respectively, compared with the data of the Groups II and III. Conclusions. The introduction of tartrazine in different doses for 60 days causes dose-dependent qualitative and quantitative changes in the ultrastructure of parafollicular cells, and the introduction of Mexidol® against this background causes a decrease in their severity.
The сommissioners’ institution of the Renovationist schism: tasks, functions, activity peculiarities
Authors: Baranenka Viktar
Published: September 2023

This article attempts to give a comprehensive assessment of the process of creation, activity and liquidation of the commissioners’ institution in the system of church governing bodies of the Renovated Church in the 1920s and 1930s.Within the framework of the study, archival documents, materials from periodicals, and research were used, both by contemporaries of the events and by contemporary authors.The author draws attention to the fact that the founders of the new church institution viewed the commissioners’ institution as an opportunity to create a joint state-church apparatus.The tasks that were set before the newly formed church institution are indicated: the organization of the accelerated transfer of church power in the dioceses under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Church Polity, control of the bishops loyalty and the coordination of the activities of renovated groups. Particular attention is paid to the rights and obligations of the commissioners. The research highlights the main circumstances that determined the degree of effectiveness of this church polity institution. It is pointed out the repressive nature of the new church institution, created with the aim of seizing church power in the field and with the support of state bodies. The factors that determined the further existence of the commissioners’ institution and led to its liquidation are noted. A number of features in the functioning of the commissioners’ institution of the Renovated Church in a number of territories are considered, which was caused by the presence of separate ecclesiastical administrative units with a special ecclesiastical normative base. It is concluded that the commissioners’ institution in the field was in its essence a repressive body, which was aimed at eliminating opponents of Renovationism and the seizure of church power in the field.
Features of the organisational life of Smolensk and Dorogobuzh diocese under bishop Innokenty (Sokal) (1959–1964)
Authors: Tupikin Isidor
Published: September 2023

This article deals with the person of Bishop Innokentiy (Sokal) of Smolensk and Dorogobuzh and with the organizational specifics of life at the Diocese in 1959–1964, which was the period of an antireligious campaign characterized as a war against the religion and the believers. Bishop Innokentiy’s return migration played a substantial role in his service. The hierarch’s relations with the foreign church circles of Yugoslavia where he had served as a priest for 30 years forced the authorized agent of the Smolensk Oblast Board for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church at the USSR Council of Ministers to be courteous and make considerable concessions to the new head of the Diocese of Smolensk. At the time Bishop Innokentiy was appointed diocesan archbishop, the Diocese of Smolensk had 54 working churches and 59 registered clerks. The organizational life of the Diocese of that period was at the peak of its prosperity, which was accounted for the high administrative status of Bishop Innokentiy’s predecessor, Bishop Mikhail (Tchub), as well as the active position of the latter. Things started to get steadily worse in 1959, which was accounted for the growing pressure on the Russian Orthodox Church from the state and Bishop Innokentiy becoming less active. In 1964, which was the last year of Bishop Innokentiy being the head of the Diocese of Smo-lensk, the diocesan clergy consisted of 39 priests and 5 deacons and had 38 registered com-munities of the Russian Orthodox Church. In 1959–1964, the number of clerks at the Diocese of Smolensk and Dorogobuzh decreased by 29%, and the number of churches got reduced by 30%.
Estimation of errors by different lecurers
Authors: Krylovas Aleksandras , Raulynaitis Juozas , Subač Olga
Published: September 2023

Evaluation of students’ works where they present not only answer but solution also, can be subjective. In this article we present some exam tasks with non-correct solutions and statistics, that show wide evaluation scale dependingly on revising teacher.