bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A fractional-order genetic algorithm for parameter optimization of the moisture movement in a bio-retention system
Authors: Yang Xiao-Hua , Liu Tong , Li Yu-Qi
Published: September 2019

A bio-retention system is an important measure for non-point source pollution
control. In order to improve the calculation precision for parameter
optimization of the moisture movement in a bio-retention system, a
real-encoded genetic algorithm based on the fractional-order operation is
proposed, in which initial populations are generated by random mapping, and
the searching range is automatically renewed with the excellent individuals
by fractional-order particle swarm optimization operation. Its efficiency is
verified experimentally. The results indicate that the absolute error by
the fractional-order operation decreases by 67.73%, 62.23%, and 4.16%, and
the relative error decreases by 42.88%, 35.76%, and 6.77%, respectively,
compared to those by the standard binary-encoded genetic algorithm, random
algorithm, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The
fractional-order operation has higher precision and it is good for the
practical parameter optimization in ecological environment systems.
Effect of non-condensable gas on heat conduction in steam sterilization process
Authors: Shen Yao , Wang Xiaozhi , Yao Zhuoya , Li Xiangang
Published: September 2019

Non-condensable gas has an adverse effect on heat conduction in pressure
steam sterilization. An experiment was carefully designed to study the
effect, and a semi-empirical formulation is obtained to predict the maximal
temperature difference between outside and inside of a package. This paper
gives a systematical insight into the non-condensable gas effect, and there
is a threshold of the non-condensable gas concentration, beyond which the
thermal sterilization becomes invalid for complete killing microorganisms.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PORTOFOLIO DAN KEMAMPUAN AWAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN
Authors: . Rohani , Sitompul Harun
Published: September 2019

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) perbedaan hasil belajar PPKnsiswa yang diberi model pembelajaran portofolio dengan kelompok siswa yang diberi model pembelajaran konvensional, (2) perbedaan hasil belajar PPKn antara siswa yang memiliki kemampuan awal tinggi dengan siswa yang memiliki kemampuan awal rendah, dan (3) interaksi antara model pembelajaran dengan kemampuan awal dalam mempengaruhi hasil belajar pendidikan kewarganegaraan. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian faktorial 2x2, sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan ANAVA dua jalur pada taraf signifikansi a = 0.05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Model Pembelajaran berbasis portofolio memberikan hasil belajar PPKn siswa lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional; (2) Kelompok siswa yang kemampuan awalnya tinggi memperoleh skor hasil belajar PKn yang lebih tinggi di banding dengan kelompok siswa yang kemampuan awalnya rendah; (3) Terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dengan kemampuan awal dalam mempengaruhi hasil belajar PKn siswa.   Kata Kunci: pembelajran berbasis potofolio, kemampuan awal, PKn.   Abstract: This research was aimed to: (1) The difference of student’s civil achievement between a group of student who were given portfolio base learning models and conventional models. (2) The difference of civic learning achievement between a student who has a high beginning ability and a student who student who has a low beginning ability, (3) The interaction between instuctional models and beginning ability to influence the civic learning achievement. The research method used quasi experiment with factorial design 2x2. The data analysis technique was analysis of variance (ANOVA) two way at significant a = 0.05. The result of the research are: (1) Portfolio base instuctional models created a better students civic achievement,if we,compared it with the conventional instuction models; (2) A group of student who had high beginning ability got better civic learning achievement score than they who had low beginning ability; (3) There was interaction between learning models and beginning ability to influence civic achievement. Keywords: learning-based portfolios, initial ability, PKn
Perfiles económicos y comportamiento del gasto en salud de los hogares con personas adultas mayores
Authors: Ceballos Mina Owen Eli
Published: September 2019

En este artículo se estiman modelos no paramétricos del comportamiento económico y del gasto en salud de las familias con personas adultas mayores en México. Con información de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares de 2016, se describen los patrones de consumo de los hogares a lo largo de la edad del jefe de familia como una representación del curso de vida familiar. Los resultados muestran que la presencia de población adulta mayor en los hogares se vincula con un incremento de alrededor de 50% del gasto en salud y un respectivo financiamiento por medio del aumento de los flujos de ahorro monetario a lo largo del ciclo de vida. Asimismo, se aporta evidencia de la importancia de la seguridad social en la reducción de la volatilidad del gasto en salud en las fases avanzadas del curso de vida.
Endangered flora of Gdańsk Pomerania – its distinctiveness and diversity
Authors: Wszałek-Rożek Katarzyna , Lazarus Magdalena , Afranowicz-Cieślak Renata , Gołębiewska Joanna , Kuczyńska Anna , Jarosińska Marta , Eichmann Artur , Markowski Ryszard
Published: September 2019

Gdańsk Pomerania is a region characterized by unique physiographic features and diverse flora. This region, as many other areas, is subject to numerous accelerating transformations. The occurrence of numerous species on their range edges and on isolated stands, e.g. mountain and xerothermic grassland species, was an important criterion in the development of a regional red list of vascular plants of Gdańsk Pomerania (Markowski & Buliński 2004). On this list, 648 species of vascular plants, which constitute about 39% of the regional flora and 26% of all Polish flora, are considered to be endangered at various levels. In total, 47 species have been declared extinct in the aforementioned region (RE), 39 taxa are considered as critically endangered (CR) and 109 – as endangered (EN). Further 222 plant species are classified as vulnerable (moderately endangered) (VU), 124 have low risk categories (NT or LC) and there are 107 taxa of unknown threat, due to lack of sufficient information (DD). The aim of this work was to synthesize endangered components of Gdańsk Pomerania vascular plant flora for their better recognition and characterization. Among the species varying in threat degrees, the authors identified species protected by law and endangered in Poland as well as globally. In addition, the participation of species diagnostic of individual phytosociological units was verified. Also, the share of taxa representing various geographical elements was indicated.
Biodiversity: Research and Conservation reaches volume 50! Looking back and forward
Authors: Jackowiak Bogdan , Celka Zbigniew , Obarska Elżbieta
Published: September 2019

For 12 years, Biodiversity: Research and Conservation has been publishing scientific articles in the area of taxonomy, chorology, ecology and nature protection. In accordance with the journal’s profile adopted from the very beginning, the subject of publications are plants in the wide, traditional perspective of this group of organisms, as well as fungi and lichens. Over 12 years, 345 scientific articles were published in the journal’s pages. The frequency in individual sections is as follows: Variability, taxonomy and phylogeny – 95, Chorology – 92, Ecology – 79, Nature protection – 51, other topics – 28. The authors of these articles are 468 scientists from 28 countries. To ensure a high level of publications, the submitted works are send for review. To date, 171 scientists specializing in biological diversity research participated in the review process.

Biodiversity: Research and Conservation, published at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (Poland), is open for the authors from the whole world and attracts a growing interest among researchers and readers. The data presented in this article show that this journal is read in a growing number of countries. It reaches readers mostly through its online version, but it is still published also in the traditional paper form, with the possibility of including colour photographs and figures.
The Effects of Selected Macroeconomic Variables on Tourism Demand for the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic from Germany, Poland, Austria, and Slovakia
Authors: Jeřábek Tomáš
Published: September 2019

International tourism is one of the most important sectors of the open economy. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects that income as gross domestic product, tourism price as the real exchange rate, and travel cost as the price of Brent crude oil have on inbound tourism demand (tourist arrivals) from Poland, Slovakia, Germany, and Austria in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic over the period 2002:M1–2018:M5. The number of Polish, German, Slovak and Austrian tourists accommodated in collective accommodation establishments within the South Moravian Region as a dependent variable are considered. To achieve this aim, cointegration analysis under the VECM approach is applied. The results show that Slovak, Polish, Austrian and German tourists respond positively to their income changes. Austrian and Slovak tourists respond negatively to changes in tourism prices in the Czech Republic. Tourists from Germany and Poland do not respond to changes in the Czech price level since their elasticity coefficients are non‑significant. German, Austrian and Slovak tourists respond negatively to transportation cost changes. Polish tourists do not respond to transport cost changes since their elasticity coefficient is non‑significant.
Regulations for Returning Labour Migrants to Ukraine: International Background and National Limitations
Authors: Dluhopolskyi Oleksandr , Zatonatska Tetiana , Lvova Ielyzaveta , Klapkiv Yuriy
Published: September 2019

The current situation on the Ukrainian labour market is not only characterised by a high rate of unemployment, but also by low‑wage jobs with relatively severe requirements from potential employers. The intensive labour migration from Ukraine is forced by factors such as lower standards of living when compared to the standards in neighbouring countries, the flexibility of changing the place of living and working, and the military crisis in the eastern parts of Ukraine, among others. The article is devoted to the policy on the return of labour migrants to Ukraine. The issues of the increasing number of asylum seekers arriving from Ukraine to other European countries from 2008 to 2017, and the analysis of the main migration trends and legal norms relevant to the migration issues have revealed the mismatch in directions of labour migration flows from Ukraine and boundary crossings by other migrants. By means of analysing the interaction between the rate of human development and the efficiency of migrant integration policies, the authors have proposed several strategic tools to ease the return of the labour force to Ukraine, including the cessation of military actions, raising the level of economic progress, fighting corruption, expanding opportunities for small and medium‑sized businesses, and solving environmental problems.
Reserve Currency Status as a Safe Asset Determinant. Empirical Evidence from Main Public Issuers in the Period 2005–2017
Authors: Bogołębska Joanna , Feder‑Sempach Ewa , Stawasz‑Grabowska Ewa
Published: September 2019

Safe assets are recognized as being the cornerstone of contemporary financial systems. Due to financial globalization and massive international capital flows, they transformed into global safe assets, meaning that both demand and supply sides can be created by international investors. The article consists of two main parts. The first one concentrates on the theoretical issues of safe assets: definitions, attributes, categories of investors who search for them, as well as categories of suppliers. The theoretical considerations lead to the conclusions that only debt instruments can be used as safe assets, and due to limited substitutability between private and public issues, only the latter can perform this function properly, especially in times of stress. In the context of global safe asset considerations, it seems reasonable that only countries issuing reserve currencies can become public issuers of safe assets. The empirical analysis presented in the second part of the article confirms the theoretical predictions. A study of sovereign bond yield differentials conducted for two groups of countries (issuers of reserve currency and non‑issuers but possessing the highest credit ratings) shows that in the period 2005-2017, the spreads in the first group were depressed by the mere fact they held the status of a reserve currency issuer.
Optimal Synthesis of Substituted and Branched Pyrazines via Reaction of Alpha Hydroxy Ketones with Selected Nitrogen Sources
Authors: Ashraf-Khorassani Mehdi , Coleman William M. , Dube Michael F. , Taylor Larry T.
Published: September 2019

Employment of 1-hydroxy-acetone as a carbon source and NH4OH as a source of base and nitrogen, has enabled arrays of pyrazines to be synthesized. Reaction conditions such as temperature, time, carbon/nitrogen mole ratios and pH were optimized to maximize the quantity of pyrazines, thereby providing the synthesis of at least 19–20 structurally different pyrazines. Addition of amino acids, selected aldehydes, and hydrolyzed tobacco-derived F1 protein has positively impacted the array of pyrazines from both qualitative and quantitative aspects. Results further showed that by changing the carbon source from 1-hydroxy-acetone to 1-hydroxy-2-butanone and/or 2-hydroxy-3-butanone, control of the type of pyrazines being synthesized could be realized in that the qualitative and quantitative distributions of the pyrazine array were shifted to higher molecular weight derivatives. A relatively large scale reaction (1.5 L) employing optimized parameters yielded > 2 g of a diverse array of pyrazines dominated by multiple dimethylpyrazine derivatives. While systematically varying reaction conditions and reagent mole ratios can predictably alter the distribution and yield of pyrazines, the two most overwhelmingly significant factors governing these two pyrazine product characteristics included the structure of the carbon source and the presence or absence of aldehydes and free amino acids.
Satisficing Newsvendor Problem with the Optimism Coefficient
Authors: Bieniek Milena
Published: September 2019

In this research note the satisficing newsvendor problem is considered which is defined as the maximization of the probability of exceeding the expected profit multiplied by a positive constant. This constant called optimism coefficient can be chosen by the firm’s management either based on their preference or the market conditions. The coefficient indicates whether there is a low or high optimistic decision maker. For the general demand distribution the results are significantly dependent on this coefficient.
Implications of Pooling Strategies in Convolutional Neural Networks: A Deep Insight
Authors: Sharma Shallu , Mehra Rajesh
Published: September 2019

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) is a contemporary technique for computer vision applications, where pooling implies as an integral part of the deep CNN. Besides, pooling provides the ability to learn invariant features and also acts as a regularizer to further reduce the problem of overfitting. Additionally, the pooling techniques significantly reduce the computational cost and training time of networks which are equally important to consider. Here, the performances of pooling strategies on different datasets are analyzed and discussed qualitatively. This study presents a detailed review of the conventional and the latest strategies which would help in appraising the readers with the upsides and downsides of each strategy. Also, we have identified four fundamental factors namely network architecture, activation function, overlapping and regularization approaches which immensely affect the performance of pooling operations. It is believed that this work would help in extending the scope of understanding the significance of CNN along with pooling regimes for solving computer vision problems.
Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks for Face Image Analysis
Authors: Yüksel Kıvanç , Skarbek Władysław
Published: September 2019

In the presented research two Deep Neural Network (DNN) models for face image analysis were developed. The first one detects eyes, nose and mouth and it is based on a moderate size Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) while the second one identifies 68 landmarks resulting in a novel Face Alignment Network composed of a CNN and a recurrent neural network. The Face Parts Detector inputs face image and outputs the pixel coordinates of bounding boxes for detected facial parts. The Face Alignment Network extracts deep features in CNN module while in the recurrent module it generates 68 facial landmarks using not only this deep features, but also the geometry of facial parts. Both methods are robust to varying head poses and changing light conditions.
Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of depression later in life. A cross sectional study in East Attica, Greece
Authors: Argyropoulos Konstantinos , Machini Evangelia
Published: September 2019

Objectives

The purpose of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of depression later in life in an urban area and to investigate the associations between possible risk and protective factors including adherence to a Mediterranean diet.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among the active members of the open day-care centres for older people, in East-Attica, Greece. An anonymous questionnaire was developed to collect basic demographic and medical data, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was applied to screen the elderly for depressive symptoms, the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used to quantify sleep disturbances and adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Statistics was processed with SPSS 24.0.

Results

154 older adults took part in the study. According to GDS-15, 24.7% (21.4% moderate and 3.2% severe type) screened positive for depressive symptoms. 29.9% of the participants reported inadequate sleep, based on AIS. Depression and insomnia in older participants were more frequent in women than in men, in lower educated, in participants with lower monthly income and in older people with comorbidity (p < 0.05).

MDS revealed that adherence to a Mediterranean diet was moderate for 64.3% of the participants, and it was high for 34.4%. Depression diagnosed by a physician, was strongly associated with MDS (p = 0.035) and AIS (p = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis results revealed a diet higher in vegetables and lower in poultry and alcohol was associated with decreased likelihood of developing symptoms of depression later in life.

Conclusions

Our results support that depression in older adults is common and strongly associated with several risk factors. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet may protect against the development of depressive symptoms in older age. Moreover, not only diet but also sleep-deficiency might contribute to the depression later in life.
The Effect of Load Placement on the Power Production Characteristics of Three Lower Extremity Jumping Exercises
Authors: Suchomel Timothy J. , McKeever Shana M. , Sijuwade Olusegun , Carpenter Logan , McMahon John J. , Loturco Irineu , Comfort Paul
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare the power production characteristics of the jump squat (JS), hexagonal barbell jump (HEXJ), and jump shrug (JShrug) across a spectrum of relative loads. Fifteen resistance-trained men completed three testing sessions where they performed repetitions of either the JS, HEXJ, or JShrug at body mass (BM) or with 20, 40, 60, 80, or 100% of their BM. Relative peak power (PPRel), relative force at PP (FPP), and velocity at PP (VPP) were compared between exercises and loads. In addition, power-time curves at each load were compared between exercises. Load-averaged HEXJ and JShrug PPRel were statistically greater than the JS (both p < 0.01), while no difference existed between the HEXJ and the JShrug (p = 1.000). Load-averaged JShrug FPP was statistically greater than both the JS and the HEXJ (both p < 0.001), while no statistical difference existed between the JS and the HEXJ (p = 0.111). Load-averaged JS and HEXJ VPP were statistically greater than the JShrug (both p < 0.01). In addition, HEXJ VPP was statistically greater than the JS (p = 0.009). PPRel was maximized at 40, 40, and 20% BM for the JS, HEXJ, and JShrug, respectively. The JShrug possessed statistically different power-time characteristics compared to both the JS and the HEXJ during the countermovement and propulsion phases. The HEXJ and the JShrug appear to be superior exercises for PPRel compared to the JS. The HEXJ may be considered a more velocity-dominant exercise, while the JShrug may be a more force-dominant one.
Isokinetic Strength of Rotators, Flexors and Hip Extensors is Strongly Related to Front Kick Dynamics in Military Professionals
Authors: Vagner Michal , Malecek Jan , Tomšovský Luboš , Kubový Petr , Levitova Andrea , Stastny Petr
Published: September 2019

Achieving the maximum possible impact force of the front kick can be related to the isokinetic lower limb muscle strength. Therefore, we aimed to determine the regression model between kicking performance and the isokinetic peak net moment of hip rotators, flexors, and hip extensors and flexors at various speeds of contraction. Twenty-five male soldiers (27.7 ± 7.2 yrs, 83.8 ± 6.1 kg, 180.5 ± 6.5 cm) performed six barefoot front kicks, where impact forces (N) and kick velocity (m∙s-1) were measured. The 3D kinematics and isokinetic dynamometry were used to estimate the kick velocity, isokinetic moment of kicking lower limb hip flexors and extensors (60, 120, 240, 300°∙s-1), and stance lower limb hip internal and external rotators (30, 90°∙s-1). Multiple regression showed that a separate component of the peak moment concentric hip flexion and extension of the kicking lower limb at 90°∙s-1 can explain 54% of the peak kicking impact force variance (R2 = 0.54; p < 0.001). When adding the other 3 components of eccentric and concentric hip internal and external rotations at 30°∙s-1, the internal and external hip rotation ratios at 30°∙s-1 on the stance limb and the concentric ratio of kicking limb flexion and extension at 300°∙s-1 that explained the variance of impact force were 75% (p = 0.003). The explosive strength of kicking limb hip flexors and extensors is the main condition constraint for kicking performance. The maximum strength of stance limb internal and external rotators and speed strength of kicking limb hip flexors and extensors are important constraints of kicking performance that should be considered to improve the front kick efficiency.
Effectiveness of Whey Protein Hydrolysate and Milk-Based Formulated Drinks on Recovery of Strength and Power Following Acute Resistance Exercise
Authors: Gee Thomas I , Woolrich Thomas J , Smith Mark F
Published: September 2019

Intensive resistance exercise can result in exercise-induced-muscle-damage, which commonly leads to reductions in acute muscle function. Post-exercise ingestion of carbohydrate-protein mixtures intends to attenuate these effects. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of whey protein hydrolysate and milk-based formulated drinks on recovery of muscle function following resistance exercise. Thirty resistance-trained males were randomly assigned to either whey hydrolysate and dextrose drink (WH), milk-based drink (MB) or flavored-dextrose (CHO), and performed baseline assessments of perceived-muscle-soreness, the countermovement jump, the seated-medicine-ball throw and isokinetic assessment of the knee extensors and flexors maximal strength. Subsequently, participants performed resistance exercise consisting of various multi-joint barbell exercises. Following resistance exercise participants then consumed either WH (533 Kcal, 32.6 g Protein, 98.3 g Carbohydrate, 1.1 g Fat), MB (532 Kcal, 32.8 g Protein, 98.4 g Carbohydrate, 0.6 g Fat) or CHO (531 Kcal, 0 g Protein, 132.7 g Carbohydrate, 0 g Fat). All assessments were repeated 24 and 48 h post-resistance exercise. Muscle soreness was markedly increased at 24 h and 48 h in all groups (p < 0.001). However, for dynamic power measures (countermovement jump, seated-medicine-ball throw), CHO experienced a decrease for the countermovement jump only at 48 h, whereas WH and MB experienced significant decreases across the countermovement jump and the seated-medicine-ball throw (p < 0.05). All groups experienced significant decreases in isokinetic-extension torque at both 24 h and 48 h; however, flexion torque was decreased for CHO only at these time points (p < 0.05). Consumption of WH or MB did not enhance recovery of dynamic power-producing ability or soreness compared to CHO. Based on within-group effects WH and MB ingestion had seemingly marginal to small positive effects on recovery of isokinetic strength, however, there were no between-group differences for these variables.
Tests for Price Indices in a Dynamic Item Universe
Authors: Zhang Li-Chun , Johansen Ingvild , Nygaard Ragnhild
Published: September 2019

There is generally a need to deal with quality change and new goods in the consumer price index due to the underlying dynamic item universe. Traditionally axiomatic tests are defined for a fixed universe. We propose five tests explicitly formulated for a dynamic item universe, and motivate them both from the perspectives of a cost-of-goods index and a cost-of-living index. None of the indices that are currently available for making use of scanner data satisfies all the tests at the same time. The set of tests provides a rigorous diagnostic for whether an index is completely appropriate in a dynamic item universe, as well as pointing towards the directions of possible remedies. We thus outline a large index family that potentially can satisfy all the tests.
Dosimetric comparison of jaw tracking in intensity modulated and volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy for carcinoma of cervix
Authors: Mani Karthick Raj , Muneem Muhtasim Aziz , Sultana Nazneen , Hossain Tanjina , Basharat Tabinda , Basu Saumen , Lingaiah Ramaa
Published: September 2019

Aim: To study the dosimetric advantages of the jaw tracking technique in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) for carcinoma of cervix patients.

Materials and Methods: We retrospectively selected ten previously treated cervix patients in this study. All the ten patients underwent CT simulation along with immobilization and positional devices. Targets and organ at risks (OARs) were delineated slice by slice for all the patients. All the patients were planned for IMRT and VMAT with intend to deliver 50 Gy in 25 fractions. All the plans were planned with 6 MV photon beam using millennium-120 multi leaf collimator (MLC) using the TrueBeam linear accelerator. IMRT and VMAT plans were performed with jaw tracking (JT) and with static jaw (SJ) techniques by keeping the same constraints and priorities for the target volumes and critical structures for a particular patient. For standardization, all the plans were normalized to the target mean of the planning target volume. All the plans were accepted with the criteria of bladder mean dose < 40 Gy and rectum mean dose < 40 Gy without compromising the target volumes. Target conformity, dose to the critical structures and low dose volumes were recorded and analyzed for IMRT and VMAT plans with and without jaw tracking for all the patients.

Results: The conformity index average of all patients followed by standard deviation (̄x± σ̄x) for JT-IMRT, SJ-IMRT, JT-VMAT and SJ-VMAT were 1.176 ± 0.139, 1.175 ± 0.139, 1.193 ± 0.220 and 1.228 ± 0.192 and homogeneity index were 0.089 ± 0.022, 0.085 ± 0.024, 0.102 ± 0.016 and 0.101 ± 0.016. In low dose volume J,T-IMRT shows a 5.4% (p-value < 0.001) overall reduction in volume receiving at least 5 Gy (V5) compared to SJ-IMRT, whereas 1.2% reduction was observed in V5 volume in JT-VMAT compared to SJ-VMAT. JT-IMRT showed mean reduction in rectum and bladder of 1.34% (p-value < 0.001) and 1.46% (p-value < 0.001) compared to SJ-IMRT, while only 0.30% and 0.03% reduction were observed between JT-VMAT and SJ-VMAT. JT-IMRT plans also showed considerable dose reduction to inthe testine, right femoral head, left femoral head and cauda compared to the SJ-IMRT plans.

Conclusion: Jaw tracking resulted in decreased dose to critical structures in IMRT and VMAT plans. But significant dose reductions were observed for critical structures in the JT-IMRT compared to SJ-IMRT technique. In JT-VMAT plans dose reduction to the critical structures were not significant compared to the JT-IMRT due to relatively lesser monitor units in the VMAT plans.
Investigation of Land Use Types on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil in a Basement Terrain
Authors: Alabi Aderemi A. , Aina Johnson O. , Adewale Adebambo O. , Ajanaku Abass A.
Published: September 2019

We assessed the effect of different land use types on the physical and chemical properties of soil. We analysed three cases. Nine soil samples were taken at different depths (0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm) from three locations, namely, sawmill, dumpsite and market. Analyses were carried out to determine the influences on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. All the land types had considerably high sand contents, with minor silt and clay. Available phosphorus and the exchangeable bases were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected by land use and soil depth. Moisture content (p ≤ 0.05) was significantly affected by land use, while bulk density (p ≤ 0.01) was significantly affected by soil depth. Soil organic matter and carbon were also generally low in all three locations. Consequently, ameliorative land management practices have to be adopted to prevent nutrient loss and land degradation.
Environment and Safety Impacts of Additive Manufacturing: A Review
Authors: Buranská Eva , Buranský Ivan , Morovič Ladislav , Líška Katarína
Published: September 2019

The paper is focused on additive manufacturing (AM) which is the process of producing objects from a three-dimensional (3D) model by joining materials layer by layer, as opposed to the subtractive manufacturing methodologies [1], directly from raw material in powder, liquid, sheet, or a filament form without the need for moulds, tools, or dies. The article demonstrates potential environmental implications of additive manufacturing related to the key issues including energy use, occupational health, waste and lifecycle impact. AM provides a cost-effective and time-efficient way to fabricating products with complicated geometries, advanced material properties and functionality. Based on this review, we identified that additive manufacturing will have a significant societal impact in the near future. A critical technical review of the promises and potential issues of AM is beneficial for advancing its further development.
The Maximum Explosion Pressure of Lignite in Dependence on Particle Size
Authors: Kuracina Richard , Szabová Zuzana
Published: September 2019

Floating coal dusts are always produced during coal mining process in the underground mines. In a coal mine and other coal processing or utilizing industries, there are always some potential safety problems, such as coal dust explosion accidents.[1,2] During lignite mining and processing, flammable coal dust is produced. Fire properties of coal dust depend on the particle size. The article deals with the measurement of explosion characteristics of lignite in dependence of particle size at three various concentrations. The measurements were carried out according to EN 14034-1+A1:2011 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds. Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure pmax of dust clouds. Tests of the lignite dust clouds explosions showed that the maximum value of the pressure was reached at the concentrations of 500 g.m−3 and the particle size between 0 – 56 µm. At this concentration, the highest explosion pressure of 8.25 bar was reached.
Sorption of Methylene Blue by Alternative Adsorbents
Authors: Soldán Maroš , Kobetičová Hana , Štefko Tomáš
Published: September 2019

The presence of dyes in effluents is a major concern due to their adverse effects to many forms of life. Dyes are generally removed by conventional sorbents. This article discusses the use of adsorbents from the waste metal production (low-cost sorbents), red mud (RM) and black nickel mud (BNM), to remove methylene blue solution (MB) under different test conditions, such as time and temperature of sorption and weight of sorbent samples. From the obtained data, we can claim that the highest achieved sorption efficiency was achieved by a RM sorbent at 60 °C after 48 hours of sorption with all three weights of samples (83.01 – 83.72%).
Human Performance Tools Used as Incident Prevention Applied to a Construction Phase of a Nuclear Power Plant Mochovce
Authors: Rolinec Marek , Balog Karol
Published: September 2019

In order to manage the Construction Safety in a professional and due manner, it is of the key importance to have in place an Occupational Health and Safety Management System, consisting, similarly as a house project, of correct foundations as preparation, planning, procurement, properly set up rules and contractual relations, especially if a site of approx. 5,000 daily manpower is of a concern. Pillars of safe construction follow, i.e. education and training, inspections, communication and, last but not least, human behaviour. The purpose of the following article is to introduce the Human Behaviour Improvement Tools applied in the NPP Mochovce, completion process of Units 3&4, focusing on the implementation and the observance of the OH&S rules.
Optimization of Two-Step Alkali Process of Lignin Removal from Basswood
Authors: Wachter Igor , Štefko Tomáš , Rolinec Marek
Published: September 2019

The aim of the research described in this article was to optimize the basic sulphur process of lignin removal from the raw radially cut basswood (Tilia Cordata) pieces of various thicknesses. Lignin removal took place chemically in several consecutive steps in which the influence of individual parameters was investigated (solutions of NaOH + Na2SO3, KOH + Na2SO3, its concentrations, time of leaching, efficacy of whitening agents, effect of sample washing between individual baths, etc.). Through experiments, it was found that the change of fresh NaOH + Na2SO3 solution during the experiment had no significant effect. In contrast, skipping the washing of the samples with boiling distilled water after the hydroxide bath had a significant effect on the rate and efficiency of lignin removal with H2O2 in the following step. When comparing the lignin removal efficiency of NaOH + Na2SO3 and KOH + Na2SO3, the delignification process was clearly demonstrated to be more effective using the KOH + Na2SO3 solution. Application of the above-mentioned procedures has helped to streamline the lignin removal process from solid basswood.
Risks Resulting from Reverse of Modification of Expansion Weapons
Authors: Čekan Pavol , Belica Eugen , Sobrino Daynier Rolando Delgado
Published: September 2019

In general, the probability of an undesirable event occurring and its consequence is the gist of the risk characteristics. Thus, risk is part of all the activities that a person performs. The use of weapons and possession of weapons is a great risk. It makes difference who owns them, where they are used and under what circumstances. At present, the great risk is also associated with the possession and use of expansion weapons, also called acoustic weapons. This issue is still very sensitive; the aim of this article is to highlight the risks of reverse modification of such weapons. Publication of this contribution does not support or otherwise supports the use and sale of any type of weapons.
Elimination of Excessive Noise at the Open Office Workplace
Authors: Čekan Pavol , Rusko Miroslav , Iľko Ján , Pietrucha Dieter
Published: September 2019

Open-plan office is a distraction to employee performance. According to a study by Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, working in a noisy office with ringtones, business conversations and office equipment sounds can lead to heart disease, because workplace noise causes stress. The paper focuses on noise analysis in an open-office work environment, the effect of noise on the selected operational position, as determined by standardized noise exposure LEX, 8h. Based on the results obtained, appropriate measures were proposed.
Effect of using insert on the flow pressure in cylindrical silo
Authors: Hammadeh Hala , Askifi Farzat , Ubysz Andrzej , Maj Marek , Zeno Amjad
Published: September 2019

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the discharge flow pressure in the vertical silo and the hopper due to the use of insert (top cone with trunk cone bottom). Using the Insert inside the silos is one of the proposed solutions to avoid the problems of having funnel flow pattern, which has a significant effect on the distribution of flow pressure exerted on the silo wall and the hopper. The experiments were performed on a metal cylinder prototype; corn was used as a granular material, and the wall and hopper pressure distribution was measured by a special pressure transducer. The experiments revealed an important result in the flow pressure due to the change in the location of the insert. The experiments were conducted in Damascus University laboratories.
The Unemployment of Highly Educated People in Romania. A Panel VAR Approach
Authors: Simionescu Mihaela , Naroș Maria-Simona
Published: September 2019

The insertion of graduates of higher education on the labor market is one of the problems faced by the Romanian labor market. Based on a VAR model in the panel, the number of unemployed with higher education in Romania is explained in correlation with variables related to the educational environment. As the number of graduates, the number of teaching staff and the number of faculties increase the unemployment rate among people with higher education also increases slightly, showing that they have not immediately integrated into the labor market. A shock (an innovation) in the series of unemployed numbers results in an increase in the number of unemployed and a long-term stabilization of the influence to positive values. A shock to the data series on the number of graduates, the number of faculties and teaching staff does not have an immediate effect on the number of unemployed with higher education.
Supporting Ecological Innovation as a Factor for Economic Development
Authors: Loučanová Erika , Olšiaková Miriam
Published: September 2019

The paper deals with the evaluation of the ecological innovation as a factor for economic development through the correlation and regression analysis. The paper.analysis the.total ecological.innovation index of Slovakia within the.European Union and in relationship to growth GDP of Slovakia. Correlation and. regression analysis. examines the interdependence between.total ecological innovation index and economic growth. GDP is one of the key elements of effective support for eco-innovation.
The Dynamics of Savings Mobilisation in Lesotho
Authors: Simelane Bongile , Odhiambo Nicholas M.
Published: September 2019

This paper provides a conceptual analysis of the dynamics of savings in Lesotho for the period 1960 to 2017. The study is motivated by the low and sometimes negative savings rate and the declining level of economic growth prevailing in Lesotho during the period from 1960 to 2017. The study analyses the behaviour of savings in Lesotho, using the savings trends for the country ever since it obtained independence in 1966. The study further examines the policies that the government of Lesotho has implemented in order to promote savings in the country. The government adopted a policy on rural savings and credit schemes as a means of promoting savings in Lesotho. The purpose of the policy is to improve access to credit for the rural population. The study has identified some challenges that impede savings mobilization in Lesotho. The major savings challenge in Lesotho is the lack of banking facilities in rural areas.
Dedekind’s Criterion and Integral Bases
Authors: Fadil Lhoussain El
Published: September 2019

Let R be a principal ideal domain with quotient field K, and L = K(α), where α is a root of a monic irreducible polynomial F (x) ∈ R[x]. Let ℤ
L
be the integral closure of R in L. In this paper, for every prime p of R, we give a new efficient version of Dedekind’s criterion in R, i.e., necessary and sufficient conditions on F (x) to have p not dividing the index [ℤ
L
: R[α]], for every prime p of R. Some computational examples are given for R = ℤ.
Correlation Distribution Analysis of a Two-Round Key-Alternating Block Cipher
Authors: Kraleva Liliya , Rijmen Vincent , Manev Nikolai L.
Published: September 2019

In this paper we study two-round key-alternating block ciphers with round function f (x)= x
(2
t
+1)2
s

, where t, s are positive integers. An algorithm to compute the distribution weight in respect to input and output masks is described. Also, in the case t = 1 the correlation distributions depending on input and output masks are completely determined for arbitrary pairs of masks.
Tabu Cryptanalysis of VMPC Stream Cipher
Authors: Polak Iwona , Boryczka Mariusz
Published: September 2019

In the era of global informatization, transmitting and storing information in digital form it is very important to ensure an adequate level of security of ciphers used. Cryptanalysis deals with studying the level of security, thus exposing the weakness of theoretical and implemented cryptographic solutions. In this paper cryptanalysis of stream cipher VMPC using Tabu Search is shown. From estimates made on a full version of VMPC cipher we concluded that about 2157 possibilities needs to be checked in order to find the proper one, which would be the best attack known so far.
LAYANAN POS PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI DALAM PENINGKATAN AKSES PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Tedjawati J.M.
Published: September 2019

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis peran layanan Pos-Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (Pos-PAUD) dalam meningkatkan akses PAUD yang meliputi dukungan orangtua dan masyarakat, serta pelaksanaan layanan Pos-PAUD. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Informasi layanan Pos-PAUD dikumpulkan dari empat kabupaten/kota pada tahun 2013. Hasil studi menemukan pertama, semua orang tua menyadari pentingnya dan bermanfaatnya. Selain itu, dukungan masyarakat didasarkan pada penerimaan program PAUD dan ikut serta dalam sosialisasi pentingnya PAUD. Kedua, layanan Pos-PAUD dilaksanakan dengan adanya peserta didik di sekitar lembaga; pendidiknya dari kader Posyandu, pembinaan kesejahteraan keluarga, bina keluarga balita, yang relatif hanya lulusan Sekolah Menengah Atas dan bekerja dengan â€œsukarelaâ€ tanpa imbalan; sarana prasarana dan biaya masih terbatas dalam penyelenggaraannya. Tingkat capaian tumbuhkembang anak dipengaruhi oleh pemberian layanan dalam pendidikan dan kesehatan. Pendidikan dilaksanakan antara lain melalui penanaman nilai agama (berdoa), jalinan komunikasi dan kerjasama antar anak, sehingga anak lebih mandiri dan mengalami perubahan berpikir. Layanan kesehatan dilakukan dengan penimbangan berat dan tinggi badan, imunisasi dan pemberian makanan dengan gizi seimbang melalui pemberian sehingga diperoleh fisik yang sehat.Â AbstractThe purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the role of Early Childhood Education Post (ECD Post) in improving access to early childhood education including the parental and community support, as well as the implementation of ECD Post service. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach. Information about the ECD Post service was collected from four districts/cities in 2013. The study found, first, all parents were aware of the importance and benefits of early childhood education. In addition, public support was based on the acceptance of early childhood programs and participation in the importance of early childhood dissemination. Second, ECD Post service was conducted by the participation of learners living close to the institution; educators were from Posyandu, fostering family welfare, parenting education (Bina Keluarga Balita), who were relatively only high school graduates and working voluntarily without reward; the implementation was running on limited infrastructure and funding. The level of childrenâ€™s growth and development were affected by the provision of services in education and health. Education was carried out through the cultivation of religious values (praying) and also communication and cooperation among children in order to encourage childrenâ€™s independency and a better thought process. Health services were performed by weight and height control, immunization, and provision of balanced nutrition through various meal menu in order to obtain a healthy physique.Â Â
KAJIAN PENYELENGGARAAN PAUD DI KOTA BANJARMASIN DITINJAU DARI ASPEK PERENCANAAN
Authors: Sari Lisna Sulinar
Published: September 2019

AbstrakPermasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dari jumlah lembaga PAUD yang ada di Kota Banjarmasin belum semuanya memiliki perencanaan khususnya pada analisis peningkatan legalitas kelembagaan PAUD dan analisis kebutuhan pendidikan untuk anak usia dini (AUD). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus dengan analisis data deskrtif kuantitatif dan kualitataif. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa: i) Disdik Kota Banjarmasin dan Lembaga PAUD sampel tidak melakukan perencanaan yang baik untuk pendataan analisis kebutuhan pendidikan AUD; ii) Belum semua lembaga PAUD sampel memiliki izin operasional dikarenakan adanya persyaratan yang belum dapat dipenuhi karena memerlukan biaya yang cukup besar seperti, pembuatan akta notaris; iii) Belum semua lembaga PAUD memiliki sarpras sesuai dengan pedoman sarana dan prasarana dari pusat; iv) untuk membantu ketersediaan sarpras, Disdik Kota Banjarmasin sudah mengalokasikan dana APBD II berupa bantuan RKB, rehab kelas rusak ringan dan berat, serta bantuan APE Dalam dan Luar berupa barang.Â AbstractThe problem in this study is from the number of early childhood institutions in the city of Banjarmasin not all have plans in particular to the analysis of institutional legality increase early childhood education and educational needs analysis for early childhood (AUD). This study uses a case study approach to data analysis of quantitative and qualitative deskrtif. The study shows that: i) Disdik Banjarmasin and Institutions ECD sample is not doing better planning for data analysis AUD educational needs; ii) Not all the samples of early childhood institutions have an operating permit because of the requirements can not be met because it requires significant costs such as notary deed; iii) Not all early childhood institutions have infrastructure accordance with the guidelines of the central infrastructure; iv) to assist the availability infrastructure, Disdik Banjarmasin already allocated budget II in the form of classroom assistance, rehabilitation of damaged light and heavy classes, as well as the In and Out APE assistance in the form of goods.Â Â