bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The first experience of thoracoscopic anatomical combined pulmonary subsegmentectomy
Authors: Pikin O. V. , Ryabov A. B. , Alexandrov O. A. , Dotdaev A. A.
Published: October 2024

Anatomical lung resection is the standard treatment for primary lung tumors. In patients with metastatic lung lesions, wedge resection may be feasible for subpleural lesions, but reliable localization by thoracoscopy may be difficult for deeply located nodules. Wedge resection via thoracotomy may be unfeasible. We present the first observation in Russian literature of successful thoracoscopic anatomical subsegmentectomy in a patient with a solitary lung metastasis from breast cancer in the upper lobe of the right lung.
Metastatic heart lesion in disseminated melanoma
Authors: Hubulava G. G. , Sazonov A. B. , Krivenstov A. V. , Nemkov A. S. , Trusov I. S. , Sobgayda D. S. , Maslevtsov D. V. , Komok V. V. , Gorsky A. G.
Published: October 2024

Secondary malignant cardiac tumors are extremely rare cases, however, since the expansive growth of the tumor quickly leads to the development of life-threatening conditions. There is still no unified treatment strategy for this type of myocardial damage, and the prognosis is unfavorable due to the progression of the disease. This clinical case represents the experience of surgical treatment of melanoma metastasis with involvement of the right atrium.
Application of a special nasointestinal tube in the treatment of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Kashintsev A. A. , Kokhanenko N. Yu. , Proutski V. Yu. , Anisimov S. V. , Nadeeva A. A. , Ulyanov Yu. N. , Ivanov A. L.
Published: October 2024

Conservative treatment of severe and moderately severe acute pancreatitis (AP) with a focus on reducing suppurative complications poses a challenging task. The early initiation of enteral nutrition plays a crucial role in improving AP treatment outcomes. This case presentation illustrates an original method of duodenal drainage and intestinal tube feeding.

A case of a patient with moderately severe acute pancreatitis and a relatively high risk of a fatal outcome is presented. Positive therapeutic effects were achieved through the innovative method of selective feeding with duodenal isolation. Percutaneous drainage of the abdominal cavity under ultrasound control for enzymatic peritonitis, coupled with early artificial feeding, successfully prevented infection and the development of multiorgan failure.

The developed method of duodenal content aspiration and early jejunal tube feeding has demonstrated both effectiveness and safety.
Professor Alexander Alexandrovich Limberg (1894–1974) (on the 130th anniversary of his birth)
Authors: Kurygin Al. A. , Semenov V. V.
Published: October 2024

Outstanding maxillofacial surgeon, scientist and teacher, one of the founders of the Russian dentistry and creator of the first large school of Soviet maxillofacial surgeons and dentists, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1945), laureate of the USSR State (Stalin) Prize (1948), honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1963), Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Alexander Aleksandrovich Limberg was born on January 24 (February 6), 1894 in the family of the Limberg medical dynasty, famous in St. Petersburg – leading specialists in the field of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. In 1916, A.A. Limberg graduated from the Vongle Dental School, and in 1919 – the Military Medical Academy and began to specialize in the field of maxillofacial surgery. In 1924, he was approved as head of the Department of Odontology (until 1936) of the State Institute of Medical Knowledge (2nd Leningrad Medical Institute (1930), Leningrad Sanitary and Hygienic Medical Institute (1947), since 1994 – St. Petersburg State Medical Academy named after I.I. Mechnikov). In January 1935, A. A. Limberg headed the first organized Department of Maxillofacial Surgery at the Leningrad Institute of Advanced Medical Training and directed it until the end of his life. From 1943 to 1945, he was the Professor at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery at the Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute, and from 1946 to 1956, he headed the Department of Surgical Dentistry at the Leningrad Medical Dental Institute. The name A. A. Limberg is closely connected with the organization and development of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery not only in Leningrad, but also in other regions of the USSR, in which, on the initiative of Alexander Alexandrovich, specialized departments and clinics were formed in medical institutes, as well as departments of maxillofacial surgery in regional hospitals. A. A. Limberg was the author and co-author of 150 scientific works, including 4 monographs, 2 textbooks on surgical dentistry, and individual chapters in 10 manuals. Under his leadership, 36 candidate and 9 doctoral dissertations were prepared. Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor A. A. Limberg died in December 1974 and was buried in Leningrad at the Bolsheokhtinskoye cemetery. The name of A. A. Limberg was assigned to the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Surgical Dentistry of the North-Western State Medical University (now St. Petersburg State Medical Academy) named after. I. I. Mechnikov in St. Petersburg.
Postoperative complications: definition and classification
Authors: Larichev A. B.
Published: October 2024

The concept of «postoperative (surgical) complication» implies a new pathological condition caused by surgical intervention, arising during its implementation and within 30 days later, having a clinical manifestation and requiring correction of treatment tactics. Based on this definitional approach, the classification of negative events associated with the operation, taking into account the involvement of the anatomical and functional structures of the body (local, regional and systemic) is presented. Another ranked feature is the syndromic characteristic of manifestations, which involves ordering problems depending on the leading cause of their formation of central or peripheral origin, including infectious and inflammatory nature, disorders in the hemostatic system and other variable (different) situations. This approach allows to plan and implement measures for the prevention and treatment of complications in practice. The logic of the pathophysiological understanding of their symptoms facilitates the prediction and early diagnosis of perioperative incidents.
Gastric outlet syndrome due to primary gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma in a 22-year-old woman: a case report
Authors: Tuypens Julie , Zande Jaro Van , Molhem Yves Van , Hendrickx Koenraad
Published: October 2024

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common diagnosed cancer and the third most prevalent cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Although there has been a decline in the overall occurrence of gastric cancer over recent years, the prevalence of signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) has shown a consistent rise, representing up to 30% of gastric adenocarcinoma cases [1].
Case Presentation: We present an unusual case of a 22-year-old woman with gastric outlet syndrome secondary to a primary gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma. A gastro-duodenal endoscopy showed a markedly oedematous substenotic pyloro-bulbar region without any ulcers. Biopsy demonstrated gastric mucosa with tumoral cells originating from an adenocarcinoma of the diffuse type (signet-ring cell carcinoma). An abdominal CT scan detected an intestinal malrotation, making an endoscopic gastro-enterostomy not feasible. Despite FDG PET-CT showed no distant metastasis, during staging laparoscopy metastatic implants were detected on the peritoneum, diaphragm and small bowel mesentery. There was no amplification of the HER2 gene and no PD-L1 expression in the tumour cells, making this patient not eligible for immunotherapy. A jejunostomy was placed for enteral nutrition and chemotherapy (FOLFOX) was initiated.
Conclusion: Although diffuse type gastric carcinoma in young adults is extremely rare, clinicians should be aware of its growing incidence and the importance of early diagnosis. This case advocates for considering gastric carcinoma in the differential diagnosis of gastric outlet syndrome, even in a patient population where this rarely occurs, as early-stage diagnosis is crucial to afford these patients improved opportunities for curative treatment.
The impact of a product-harm crisis on customer perceived value
Authors: Ma Baolong , Zhang Lin , Wang Gao , Li Fei
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this research is to help better understand the effects of a productharm crisis on crisis and non-crisis brands’ customer perceived value and market competitive structure in the auto industry. The research first develops a fourdimensional customer perceived value (CPV) measure, and then uses the measure to collect data before, during and after the 2009â€“2010 Toyota product-harm crisis. These data are analysed and compared to investigate the impacts of the product crisis. The results show that the crisis can have a negative impact on the crisis brand's CPV, and the impact from experienced customers is different to that from inexperienced customers. Some non-crisis brands with the same country of origin (COO) and similar product attributes to the crisis brand will also be negatively affected by the crisis. Moreover, brands with significantly higher CPV will benefit from the crisis. However, these impacts from the product crisis are short-lived and most of the brand's CPV recovers in the post-crisis period to the pre-crisis level. The crisis also changes the competition rules of the product category by changing the weights of CPV dimensions across the pre-, during- and post-crisis periods. Therefore, all companies need to handle the product crisis carefully, so that they can adjust their strategy accordingly in the dynamic market. These findings have implications for understanding the influences of a productharm crisis. The managerial implications are also discussed.
Orchestrating Bioinformatics Workflows Across a Heterogeneous Toolset with Flyte
Authors: Turner Pryce
Published: October 2024

While Python excels at prototyping and iterating quickly, it’s not always performant enough for whole-genome scale data processing. Flyte, an open-source Python-based workflow orchestrator, presents an excellent way to tie together the myriad tools required to run bioinformatics workflows. Flyte is a Kubernetes native orchestrator, meaning all dependencies are captured and versioned in container images. It also allows you to define custom types in Python representing genomic datasets, enabling a powerful way to enforce compatibility across tools. Finally, Flyte provides a number of different abstractions for wrapping these tools, enabling further standardization. Computational biologists, or any scientists processing data with a heterogeneous toolset, stand to benefit from a common orchestration layer that is opinionated yet flexible.
AI-Driven Watermarking Technique for Safeguarding Text Integrity in the Digital Age
Authors: Rasane Atharva
Published: October 2024

The internet’s growth has led to a surge in text usage. Now, with public access to generative AI models like ChatGPT/Bard, identifying the source is vital. This is crucial due to concerns about copyright infringement and plagiarism. Moreover, it is essential to differentiate AI-generated text to curb misinformation from AI model hallucinations.

In this paper, we explore text watermarking as a potential solution, focusing on plain ASCII text in English. We investigate techniques including physical watermarking (e.g., UniSpaCh by Por et al.), which modifies text to hide a binary message using Unicode Spaces, and logical watermarking (e.g., word context by Jalil et al.), which generates a watermark key via a defined process. While logical watermarking is difficult to break but undetectable without prior knowledge, physical watermarks are easily detected but also easy to break.

This paper presents a unique physical watermarking technique based on word substitution to address these challenges. The core idea is that AI models consistently produce the same output for the same input. Initially, we replaced every i-th word (for example, every 5th word) with a “[MASK],” a placeholder token used in natural language processing models to indicate where a word has been removed and needs to be predicted. Then, we used a BERT model to predict the most probable token in place of “[MASK].” The resulting text constitutes the watermarked text. To verify, we reran the algorithm on the watermarked text and compared the input and output for similarity.

The Python implementation of the algorithm in this paper employs models from the HuggingFace Transformer Library, namely “bert-base-uncased” and “distilroberta-base”. The “[MASK]” placeholder was generated by splitting the input string using the split() function and then replacing every 5th element in the list with “[MASK]”. This modified list served as the input text for the BERT model, where the output corresponding to each “[MASK]” was replaced accordingly. Finally, applying the join() function to the list produces the watermarked text.

This technique tends to generate nearly invisible watermarked text, preserving its integrity or completely changing the meaning of the text based on how similar the text is to the training dataset of BERT. This was observed when the algorithm was run on the story of Red Riding Hood, where its meaning was altered. However, the nature of this watermark makes it extremely difficult to break due to the black-box nature of the AI model.
RoughPy
Authors: Morley Sam , Lyons Terry
Published: October 2024

Rough path theory is a branch of mathematics arising out of stochastic
analysis. One of the main tools of rough path analysis is the signature,
which captures the evolution of an unparametrised path including the order in
which events occur. This turns out to be a useful tool in data science
applications involving sequential data. RoughPy is our new Python package
that aims change the way we think about sequential streamed data, by viewing
it through the lens of rough paths. In RoughPy, data is wrapped in a stream
object which can be composed and queried to obtain signatures that can be
used in analysis. It also provides a platform for further exploration of the
connections between rough path theory and data science.
geosnap: The Geospatial Neighborhood Analysis Package
Authors: Knaap Elijah , Rey Sergio
Published: October 2024

Understanding neighborhood context is critical for social science research, public
policy analysis, and urban planning. The social meaning, formal definition, and formal
operationalization of “neighborhood” depends on the study or application, however, so
neighborhood analysis and modeling requires both flexibility and adherence to a formal
pipeline. Maintaining that balance is challenging for a variety of reasons. To address
those challenges, geosnap, the Geospatial Neighborhood Analysis Package provides a
suite of tools for exploring, modeling, and visualizing the social context and spatial
extent of neighborhoods and regions over time. It brings together state-of-the-art
techniques from geodemographics, regionalization, spatial data science, and
segregation analysis to support social science research, public policy analysis, and
urban planning. It provides a simple interface tailored to formal analysis of
spatiotemporal urban data.
Making Research Data Flow With Python
Authors: Borrow Josh , Plante Paul La , Aguirre James , Williams Peter K. G.
Published: October 2024

The increasing volume of research data in fields such as astronomy, biology,
and engineering necessitates efficient distributed data management.
Traditional commercial solutions are often unsuitable for the decentralized
infrastructure typical of academic projects. This paper presents the
Librarian, a custom framework designed for data transfer in large academic
collaborations, designed for the Simons Observatory (SO) as a ground up
re-architechture of a previous astronomical data management tool called the
‘HERA Librarian’ from which it takes its name. SO is a new-generation
observatory designed for observing the Cosmic Microwave Background, and is
located in the Atacama desert in Chile at over 5000 meters of elevation.

Existing tools like Globus Flows, iRODS, Rucio, and Datalad were evaluated
but were found to be lacking in automation or simplicity. Librarian
addresses these gaps by integrating with Globus for efficient data transfer
and providing a RESTful API for easy interaction. It also supports transfers
through the movement of physical media for environments with intermittent
connectivity.

Using technologies like Python, FastAPI, and SQLAlchemy, the Librarian
ensures robust, scalable, and user-friendly data management tailored to the
needs of large-scale scientific projects. This solution demonstrates an
effective method for managing the substantial data flows in modern ‘big
science’ endeavors.
Training a Supervised Cilia Segmentation Model from Self-Supervision
Authors: Vaezi Seyed Alireza , Quinn Shannon
Published: October 2024

Cilia are organelles found on the surface of some cells in the human body that sweep rhythmically to transport substances. Dysfunctional cilia are indicative of diseases that can disrupt organs such as the lungs and kidneys. Understanding cilia behavior is essential in diagnosing and treating such diseases. But, the tasks of automatically analyzing cilia are often a labor and time-intensive since there is a lack of automated segmentation. In this work we overcome this bottleneck by developing a robust, self-supervised framework exploiting the visual similarity of normal and dysfunctional cilia. This framework generates pseudolabels from optical flow motion vectors, which serve as training data for a semi-supervised neural network. Our approach eliminates the need for manual annotations, enabling accurate and efficient segmentation of both motile and immotile cilia.
Funix - The laziest way to build GUI apps in Python
Authors: Bao Forrest Sheng , Qi Mike , Tu Ruixuan , Wan Erana
Published: October 2024

The rise of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI), especially the generative AI (GenAI), has increased the need for wrapping models or algorithms into GUI apps. For example, a large language model (LLM) can be accessed through a string-to-string GUI app with a textbox as the primary input.
Most of existing solutions require developers to manually create widgets and link them to arguments/returns of a function individually. This low-level process is laborious and usually intrusive. Funix automatically selects widgets based on the types of the arguments and returns of a function according to the type-to-widget mapping defined in a theme, e.g., bool to a checkbox. Consequently, an existing Python function can be turned into a GUI app without any code changes. As a transcompiler, Funix allows type-to-widget mappings to be defined between any Python type and any React component and its props, liberating Python developers to the frontend world without needing to know JavaScript/TypeScript. Funix further leverages features in Python or its ecosystem for building apps in a more Pythonic, intuitive, and effortless manner. With Funix, a developer can make it (a functional app) before they (competitors) fake it (in Figma or on a napkin).
How the Scientific Python ecosystem helps answer fundamental questions of the Universe
Authors: Feickert Matthew , Hartmann Nikolai , Heinrich Lukas , Held Alexander , Kourlitis Vangelis , Krumnack Nils , Stark Giordon , Vigl Matthias , Watts Gordon
Published: October 2024

The ATLAS experiment at CERN explores vast amounts of physics data to answer the most fundamental questions of the Universe.
The prevalence of Python in scientific computing motivated ATLAS to adopt it for its data analysis workflows while enhancing users’ experience.
This paper will describe to a broad audience how a large scientific collaboration leverages the power of the Scientific Python ecosystem to tackle domain-specific challenges and advance our understanding of the Cosmos.
Through a simplified example of the renowned Higgs boson discovery, attendees will gain insights into the utilization of Python libraries to discriminate a signal in immersive noise, through tasks such as data cleaning, feature engineering, statistical interpretation and visualization at scale.
Continuous Tools for Scientific Publishing
Authors: Cockett Rowan , Purves Steve , Koch Franklin , Morrison Mike
Published: October 2024

Advances in technology for data workflows have increased the speed and scope of scientific discovery, however, scientific dialogue still uses outdated technology for communicating and sharing knowledge.
The widespread reliance on static PDF formats for research papers starkly contrasts with the complex, data-driven and increasingly computational nature of modern science.
This gap, which is especially evident in the computational sciences, impedes the speed of research dissemination, reuse, and uptake.
We require new mediums to compose ideas and ways to share research findings iteratively, as early as possible and connected directly to software and data.
In this paper we discuss two tools for scientific authoring and publishing, MyST Markdown and Curvenote, and illustrate examples of improving metadata, reimagining the reading experience, including computational content, and transforming publishing practices for individuals and societies through automation and continuous practices.
We focus on the unique aspects of the tools, which enable computational and interactive content, publishing and sharing continuously through automated checking and typesetting, and provide case studies from individuals to societies who have adopted these tools.
Ecological and Spatial Influences on the Genetics of Cumacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) in the Northern North Atlantic
Authors: Gagnon Justin , Tahiri Nadia
Published: October 2024

The peracarid taxon Cumacea is an essential indicator of benthic quality in marine ecosystems. This study investigated the influence of environmental (i.e., biological or ecosystemic), climatic (i.e., meteorological or atmospheric), and spatial (i.e., geographic or regional) variables on their genetic variability and adaptability in the Northern North Atlantic, focusing on Icelandic waters. We analyzed partial sequences of the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene from 62 Cumacea specimens. Using the aPhyloGeo software, we compared these sequences with relevant variables such as latitude (decimal degree) at the end of sampling, wind speed (m/s) at the start of sampling, O2 concentration (mg/L), and depth (m) at the start of sampling.

Our analyses revealed variability in spatial and biological variables, reflecting the diversity of ecological requirements and benthic habitats. The most common Cumacea families, Diastylidae and Leuconidae, suggest adaptations to various marine environments. Phylogeographic analysis showed a divergence between specific genetic sequences and two habitat variables: wind speed (m/s) at the start of sampling and O2 concentration (mg/L). This observation may indicate the possibility of varying local adaptations in response to these fluctuating conditions.

These results reinforce the importance of further research into the relationship between Cumacea genetics and global environmental variables to interpret the evolutionary dynamics and adaptation of these deep-sea organisms. This study sheds much-needed light on the acclimatization of invertebrates to climate change, anthropogenic pressures, and marine habitat management, potentially contributing to the evolution of more effective conservation strategies and policies to protect these vulnerable ecosystems.

The aPhyloGeo Python package is freely and publicly available on GitHub and PyPi, providing an invaluable tool for future research.
Cyanobacteria detection in small, inland water bodies with CyFi
Authors: Dorne Emily , Wetstone Katie , Cerquera Trista Brophy , Gupta Shobhana
Published: October 2024

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) pose major health risks to human and aquatic life. Remote sensing-based methods exist to automatically detect large, slow-moving HABs in the ocean, but fall short for smaller, more dynamic blooms in critical inland water bodies like lakes, reservoirs, and rivers.

CyFi is an open-source Python package that enables detection of cyanobacteria in inland water bodies using 10-30m Sentinel-2 imagery and a computationally efficient tree-based machine learning model. CyFi enables water quality and public health managers to conduct high level assessments of water bodies of interest and identify regions in which to target monitoring and responsive actions to protect public health.

CyFi was developed in three phases. A machine learning competition leveraged the diverse skills and creativity of data science experts to surface promising approaches for cyanobacteria detection from remote sensed data. Subsequent user interviews and model iteration resulted in a deployment-ready open-source package designed to meet user workflow needs and decision-making priorities. This process illustrates a replicable pathway for developing powerful machine learning tools in domain-specific areas.
ITK-Wasm
Authors: McCormick Matthew , Elliott Paul
Published: October 2024

In recent years, WebAssembly (Wasm) has emerged as a widely-supported technology that offers high performance, compact binary size, support for multiple languages, hardware independence, security, and universal platform support, enabling developers to bring near-native speeds and portability to applications for the web and beyond. ITK-Wasm brings WebAssembly’s capabilities to scientific computing by combining the Insight Toolkit (ITK) and WebAssembly to enable high-performance spatial analysis across programming languages and hardware architectures.

In the scientific Python ecosystem, ITK-Wasm packages work in a web browser via Pyodide but also in system-level environments through the WebAssembly System Interface (WASI). ITK-Wasm bridges WebAssembly with scientific Python through simple, fundamental Python and NumPy-based data structures and Pythonic function interfaces. These interfaces can be accelerated through graphics processing units (GPU) or neural processing unit (NPU) implementations when available.

Beyond Python, ITK-Wasm’s integration of the WebAssembly Component Model launches scientific computing into a new world of interoperability, enabling the creation of accessible and sustainable multi-language projects that are easily distributed anywhere.
Algorithms to Determine Asteroid’s Physical Properties using Sparse and Dense Photometry, Robotic Telescopes and Open Data
Authors: Nath Arushi
Published: October 2024

The rapid pace of discovering asteroids due to advancements in detection techniques outpaces current abilities to analyze them comprehensively. Understanding an asteroid’s physical properties is crucial for effective deflection strategies and improves our understanding of the solar system’s formation and evolution. Dense photometry provides continuous time-series measurements valuable for determining an asteroid’s rotation period, yet is limited to a singular phase angle. Conversely, sparse photometry offers non-continuous measurements across multiple phase angles, essential for determining an asteroid’s absolute magnitude, albedo (reflectivity), and size. This paper presents open-source algorithms that integrate dense photometry from citizen scientists with sparse photometry from space and ground-based all-sky surveys to determine asteroids’ albedo, size, rotation, strength, and composition.
Applying the algorithms to the Didymos binary asteroid, combined with data from GAIA, the Zwicky Transient Facility, and ATLAS photometric sky surveys, revealed Didymos to be 840 meters wide, with a 0.14 albedo, an 18.14 absolute magnitude, a 2.26-hour rotation period, rubble-pile strength, and an S-type composition. Didymos was the target of the 2022 NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission. The algorithm successfully measured a 35-minute decrease in the mutual orbital period following the DART mission, equating to a 40-meter reduction in the mutual orbital radius, proving a successful deflection. Analysis of the broader asteroid population highlighted significant compositional diversity, with a predominance of carbonaceous (C-type) asteroids in the outer regions of the asteroid belt and siliceous (S-type) and metallic (M-type) asteroids more common in the inner regions. These findings provide insights into the diversity and distribution of asteroid compositions, reflecting the conditions and processes of the early solar system.
This work empowers citizen scientists to become planetary defenders, contributing significantly to planetary defense and enhancing our understanding of solar system composition and evolution.
Evaluating Probabilistic Forecasters with sktime and tsbootstrap — Easy-to-Use, Configurable Frameworks for Reproducible Science
Authors: Heidrich Benedikt , Gilda Sankalp , Kiraly Franz
Published: October 2024

Evaluating probabilistic forecasts is complex and essential across various domains, yet no comprehensive software framework exists to simplify this task. Despite extensive literature on evaluation methodologies, current practices are fragmented and often lack reproducibility. To address this gap, we introduce a reproducible experimental workflow for evaluating probabilistic forecasting algorithms using the sktime package. Our framework features a unified software API for forecasting algorithms, a simple specification language for complex algorithms, including meta-algorithms like bootstrapping, probabilistic performance metrics, and standardized evaluation workflows. We demonstrate the framework’s efficacy through a study evaluating prediction intervals added to point forecasts. Our results highlight the improved prediction accuracy and reliability of combined approaches. We provide reusable code and invite contributions from the research community to extend our experiments and tackle computational challenges for broader studies.
Echostack: A flexible and scalable open-source software suite for echosounder data processing
Authors: Lee Wu-Jung , Staneva Valentina , Setiawan Landung “Don” , Mayorga Emilio , Tuguinay Caesar , Butala Soham , Lucca Brandyn , Lei Dingrui
Published: October 2024

Water column sonar data collected by echosounders are essential for fisheries and marine ecosystem research, enabling the detection, classification, and quantification of fish and zooplankton from many different ocean observing platforms. However, the broad usage of these data has been hindered by the lack of modular software tools that allow flexible composition of data processing workflows that incorporate powerful analytical tools in the scientific Python ecosystem. We address this gap by developing Echostack, a suite of open-source Python software packages that leverage existing distributed computing and cloud-interfacing libraries to support intuitive and scalable data access, processing, and interpretation. These tools can be used individually or orchestrated together, which we demonstrate in example use cases for a fisheries acoustic-trawl survey.
Mamba Models a possible replacement for Transformers?
Authors: Das Suvrakamal , Sen Rounak , Devendiran Saikrishna
Published: October 2024

The quest for more efficient and faster deep learning models has led to the development of various alternatives to Transformers, one of which is the Mamba model. This paper provides a comprehensive comparison between Mamba models and Transformers, focusing on their architectural differences, performance metrics, and underlying mechanisms. It analyzes and synthesizes findings from extensive research conducted by various authors on these models. The synergy between Mamba models and the SciPy ecosystem enhances their integration into science. By providing an in-depth comparison using Python and its scientific ecosystem, this paper aims to clarify the strengths and weaknesses of Mamba models relative to Transformers. It offers the results obtained along with some thoughts on the possible ramifications for future research and applications in a range of academic and professional fields.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Jigsaw dengan Pendekatan Contextual Teaching Learning untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan Siswa pada Pembelajaran Biologi
Authors: Koda Maurinus
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keaktifan siswa di kelas dengan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif jigsaw dengan pendekatan conextual teaching learning. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII SMA Katolik Yos Sudarso Batam. Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dan mengumpulkan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan tes. Penelitian ini menargetkan 80% siswa menjadi lebih aktif setelah penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif jigsaw dengan pendekatan contextual teaching learning. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase keaktifan siswa meningkat dari 39,28% (Pra-Siklus) menjadi 74,03% (Siklus 1). Karena target belum tercapai, maka Siklus 2 diimplementasikan. Pada Siklus 2, persentase keaktifan naik menjadi 85,96%. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif jigsaw dengan pendekatan contextual teaching learning dapat meningkatkan keaktifan siswa di kelas.
Analisis Kandungan Unsur Hara Tumbuhan Sembung Rambat (Mikania Micrantha Kunth) yang Berpotensi Sebagai Pupuk Organik (Sebagai Penunjang Materi Keanekaragaman Hayati SMA Kelas X)
Authors: Hariyani Hariyani , Rambitan Vandalita M. M. , Maasawet Elsje Theodora , Herliani Herliani , Palenewen Evie , Masitah Masitah
Published: October 2024

Sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha Kunth) merupakan tumbuhan yang memiliki pertumbuhan invasif yang sulit dikendalikan dan dapat merusak ekosistem lingkungan alami. Upaya pengendalian sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha Kunth) dengan memanfaatkannya sebagai pupuk organik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kandungan unsur hara pada tumbuhan sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha Kunth) dan mengetahui kadar unsur hara pada tumbuhan sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha Kunth). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman. Sampel yang diteliti terdiri dari tumbuhan sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha Kunth) yaitu daun (100 gram), batang (100 gram) dan akar (100 gram). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tumbuhan sembung rambat (Mikania micranthaKunth) pada daun, batang dan akar memiliki kandungan unsur hara makro dan mikro yang berpotensi sebagai pupuk organik. Kandungan unsur hara makro pada daun terdiri dari C-Organik 46,34%, N 4,32%, P 0,31%, K 1,48%, Ca 0,58%, Mg 0,25% dan Na  0,22%, batang yaitu C-Organik 48,4%, N 1,57%, P 0,26%, K 1,92%, Ca 0,15%, Mg 0,09% dan Na 0,25%, dan akar yaitu C-Organik 19,04%, N 2,22%, P 0,26%, K 2,38%, Ca 0,31%, Mg 0,19% dan Na 0,32%. Kandungan unsur hara mikro pada daun terdiri dari Fe 0,07%, Mn 28,14 mg∕kg, Cu 17,90 mg∕kg dan Zn 49,13 mg∕kg, batang yaitu Fe 0,08%, Mn 13,32 mg∕kg, Cu 76,1 mg∕kg dan Zn 11,38 mg∕kg, dan akar yaitu Fe 1,09%, Mn 80,56 mg∕kg, Cu 24,75 mg∕kg dan Zn 52,64 mg∕kg.Kata Kunci: Pupuk organik, Sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha Kunth), Unsur hara
Rosai-Dorfman cutaneous form
Authors: Krasnova Nadezhda V. , Gimalieva Geliya G. , Nikolaeva Snezhana Yuryevna , Sinitsyna Larisa G. , Koltsova Irina
Published: October 2024

Proliferative histiocyte disease, rarely found in the dermatovenerologist practice. Rosai-Dorfman disease is a benign disease of unclear etiology, may be accompanied by cervical nodes extensive lymphadenopathy and extranodal lesion. The absence of pathognomonic signs leads to a long-term diagnostic search with diagnosis verification only by histological method. The clinical cases rare description in dermatological practice is an important work aspect and a necessary component of expanding the knowledge and practicing physicians experience. Purpose: to describe the case of the Rosai-Dorfman cutaneous form with differential search. Materials and methods: detailed clinical data analysis, including a symptoms description and changes on the skin, as well as the results of a pathohistological study. The Rosai-Dorfman cutaneous form features and potential pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease are discussed. Currently, there is no specific pathogenetic treatment for the Rosai-Dorfman cutaneous form. The therapy which used was symptomatic and based on the symptoms elimination.
Cerebellopontine angle pilocytic astrocytoma in adults: A systematic review
Authors: Bruzzaniti Placido , Pennisi Giovanni , Lapolla Pierfrancesco , Familiari Pietro , Maiola Vincenza , Quintiliani Claudia , Alò Pierluigi , Relucenti Michela , La Pira Biagia , D’Andrea Giancarlo
Published: October 2024

Background:

In adults, the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is very rare. This tumor has radiological features similar to those of a vestibular schwannoma in the few cases reported in the literature.

Methods:

In this study, we conducted a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol and scrutinized all original studies pertaining to pontocerebellar angle PA in adult patients. We conducted an analysis of the clinical, radiological, and molecular components of all eligible articles. We have also reported a case involving a 67-year-old male individual in whom the PA exhibited radiological characteristics similar to an epidermoid cyst.

Results:

After the screening phase, we found four cases of PA of the pontocerebellar angle. Three cases were identified that resembled vestibular schwannoma; however, in our case, the tumor resembled an epidermoid cyst. These uncommon tumors exhibit distinctive histological patterns and molecular characteristics (adenosine triphosphate dependent helicase (ATP- dependent helicase)+, Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1−), rendering them a potential differential diagnosis for glioblastoma (GBM).

Conclusion:

The CPA PA has rarely been found in adult patients and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of vestibular schwannoma and epidermoid cysts. In these rare cases, the histological characteristics of PA are significant for the differential diagnosis of GBM.
Interictal gamma oscillation regularity analysis and susceptibility-weighted imaging on focal epilepsy cases with alcohol use disorders
Authors: Tsuji Yoshihito , Sato Yosuke
Published: October 2024

Background:

There has been no clear consensus on the clinical markers to distinguish alcohol-related seizures (ARSs) from epileptic seizures. We have reported the usefulness of gamma oscillation (30–70 Hz) regularity (GOR) analysis using interictal electroencephalography (EEG) data to evaluate epileptogenic focus. We conducted interictal GOR analysis using scalp EEG and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) to visualize the epileptogenic focus in two cases initially suspected to have ARS.

Case Description:

In each case, a significantly high GOR area suggestive of epileptogenic focus was detected and that area was consistent with that where SWI showed hemosiderin deposit. In one patient, seizures were well controlled with the introduction of anti-seizure medication (ASM). In another patient, ASM was introduced but is refractory, and epilepsy surgery is being considered in the future.

Conclusion:

The interictal GOR analysis and SWI can successfully contribute to identify the patients suspected to have ARS who may have epileptogenic focus and can be treated with ASM and epilepsy surgery.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ БИОСОВМЕСТИМОСТИ ПЭО-ПОКРЫТИЙ НА МАГНИЕВОМ СПЛАВЕ МА8, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ НАНОЧАСТИЦЫ ПЕНТАОКСИДА ТАНТАЛА
Authors: Имшинецкий И.М. , Кашепа В.В. , Надараиа К.В. , Машталяр Д.В. , Пяткова М.А. , Плешкова А.И. , Фоменко К.А. , Синебрюхов С.Л. , Гнеденков С.В.
Published: October 2024

В работе представлены результаты исследований свойств покрытий, формируемых в дисперсных электролитах с наночастицами пентаоксида тантала. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о биоактивности и биосовместимости исследуемых покрытий. Наночастицы пентаоксида тантала действуют как центры зародышеобразования фосфатов кальция и существенно ускоряют образование гидроксиапатита и его предшественников на поверхности покрытия. Более высокая шероховатость поверхности образцов и наличие агломератов частиц пентаоксида тантала способствуют повышению скорости формирования слоя апатитов вокруг агломератов по сравнению с базовым ПЭО-покрытием. Подобные свойства делают данные покрытия перспективными для защиты биорезорбируемых имплантатов на основе магниевых сплавов. Согласно in vivoисследованиям на покрытиях содержащих наночастицы Ta2O5, морфология клеток, аналогична контрольным образцам, что свидетельствует о хорошей биосовместимости покрытий. Результаты как СЭМ, так и гистологического анализа демонстрируют высокую биосовместимость образцов с пентаоксидом тантала. Морфология таких покрытий облегчает адсорбцию белков плазмы крови, что способствует врастанию ткани по сравнению с чистым сплавом магния. Покрытия предотвращают непосредственный контакт магниевого сплава с коррозионной средой, существенно снижая интенсивность коррозионного разрушения, что предохраняет прилегающие ткани от повреждений и отслоений, вызванных скоплением газов и чрезмерным подщелачиванием окружающей имплантат среды, и обеспечивает положительный иммунный ответ. Исследования антибактериальных свойств покрытий с наночастицами Ta2O5 не выявили наличия зоны подавления роста бактерий в чашках Петри. Однако пентаоксид тантала мешает образоваться бактериальной пленке на поверхности имплантата, предотвращая бактериальную адгезию, значительно снижая риск развития имплантат-ассоциированных инфекций.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ СОЗДАНИЯ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ВЫСОКОЭНТРОПИЙНЫХ СПЛАВОВ
Authors: Громов В.Е. , Иванов Ю.Ф. , Семин А.П. , Боровский С.В. , Петрикова Е.А. , Чжан П. , Серебрякова А.А.
Published: October 2024

Сформулирована одна из основных задач современного физического материаловедения по разработке и исследованию высокоэнтропийных сплавов последнего поколения. Приведен краткий обзор публикаций последних лет по перспективным направлениям создания и применения высокоэнтропийных сплавов. Выделен комплекс высоких эксплуатационных характеристик, предъявляемый к высокоэнтропийным сплавам для применения в современных наукоемких отраслях промышленности: износостойкость, прочность и ударная вязкость, химическая, радиационная и коррозионная стойкость, низкая плотность, сверхпластичность и сверхпроводимость, высокая и низкая теплопроводимость, сопротивление диффузии, низкий температурный коэффициент сопротивления, экологичность и т.п. Указаны области перспективных применений высокоэнтропийных сплавов в ядерных реакторах, аэрокосмических двигателях, газо и нефтепроводах, морских сооружениях, компьютерах и электронных устройствах. Отмечено, что многие высокоэнтропийные сплавы могут быть использованы в продукции двойного назначения. В качестве примеров рассмотрено предложение по созданию тонкопленочных высокорезистивных материалов с низким температурным коэффициентом сопротивления методом спиннингования. Получена лента из высокоэнтропийного сплава Кантора неэквиатомного состава и изучены ее свойства. Высказано и обосновано предположение о дальнейшем развитии высокоэнтропийных сплавов.
БИОРЕЗОРБИРУЕМЫЙ КОМПОЗИТНЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ НА ОСНОВЕ ЖЕЛЕЗА С ДОБАВЛЕНИЕМ ГИДРОКСИАПАТИТА
Authors: Чебодаева В.В. , Лугинин Н.А. , Резванова А.Е. , Сваровская Н.В.
Published: October 2024

В работе были получены объемные композитные биоразлагаемые материалы из нанопорошка системы Fe–Cu и гидроксиапатита (ГА). Образцы производились методом аддитивного формирования на основе экструзии материалов. Варьирование порошковой и полимерных частей в фидстоке привело к изменению структурных и механических свойств полученных композитов. Повышение полимерной составляющей в исходном фидстоке от 50 до 60 масс. % способствует уменьшению пористости полученных композитов от 20,6 до 8,9 %. При этом образцы 45Fe–Cu–ГA характеризовались наиболее высокими механическими свойствами в испытании на растяжение: предел текучести σ0,2=110 МПа и предел прочности σв=150 МПа. При этом модуль Юнга у всех образцов сплава близок к значению модуля кортикальной костной ткани (≈ 15 ГПа). Исследование микротвердости показало превышение значений данного параметра чистого железа более чем в 2 раза. Коррозионные испытания продемонстрировали, что добавление минимального количества полимерной части (50Fe–Cu–ГA) показало самую высокую скорость коррозии, что делает его более привлекательным для его применения при изготовлении биоразлагаемого имплантата.
АНАЛИЗ МИКРОСТРУКТУРЫ И ПОВЕРХНОСТИ РАЗРУШЕНИЯ ТВЕРДОФАЗНЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ ИЗ НИКЕЛЕВЫХ СПЛАВОВ ЭК61 И ЭП975 ПОСЛЕ СВАРКИ ДАВЛЕНИЕМ И ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ
Authors: Галиева Э.В. , Классман Е.Ю. , Валитов В.А. , Степухов Е.М. , Габбасов Р.Р. , Тагирова А.А.
Published: October 2024

В работе представлены результаты анализа изменений микроструктуры твердофазных соединений (ТФС) из высоколегированных никелевых сплавов ЭК61(Ni3Nb) и ЭП975 {(Ni3(Al,Ti)} с различным типом упрочняющей фазы после сварки давлением и термической обработки. Также изучены особенности строения поверхности разрушения в сварных образцах после механических испытаний на растяжение при комнатной температуре и 650 °С. Сварку давлением цилиндрических образцов в сочетании сплавов ЭК61//ЭП975 проводили в вакууме в интервале температур (850÷925) °С, который соответствует интервалу проявления сверхпластичности сплава ЭК61 с ультрамелкозернистой структурой. Последующая термическая обработка (ТО) сварных образцов включала закалку и старение, которые применяются для сплава ЭК61. Показано, что в сварных образцах, полученных при Т=850 °С, малоугловые границы обнаруживаются как в сплаве ЭК61, так и в сплаве ЭП975. С ростом температуры сварки доля малоугловых границ в сплаве ЭК61 снижается, а в сварных образцах, полученных при Т=925 °С, они практически не наблюдаются. Термическая обработка приводит к появлению двойников отжига и росту зерен в сплаве ЭК61. Фрактографический анализ поверхности разрушения сварных образцов показал, что характер разрушения в значительной степени обусловлен строением зоны ТФС сплавов ЭК61//ЭП975. Несмотря на то, что разрушение во всех случаях произошло по зоне твердофазного соединения, вид поверхности излома свидетельствует о преимущественном вязком характере разрушения.
TOOLS FOR SELF-ORGANIZING A GROUP OF AUTONOMOUS UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Мелехин В.Б. , Хачумов М.В.
Published: October 2024

Разработаны инструментальные средства самоорганизации, включающие знакосигнальный принцип целесообразного поведения, автоматическое целеполагание и централизовано-автономное управление целенаправленной деятельностью коллектива беспилотных летательных аппаратов. Применение разработанных инструментов в совокупности с методами обработки знаний и автоматического планирования поведения позволяет коллективу автономных беспилотных летательных аппаратов решать сложные практические задачи в априори неопределенных условиях проблемной среды.

Tools for self-organization are developed, including the sign-based principle of expedient behavior, the principle of automatic goal-setting and methods of autonomous control of the purposeful activity for a UAV group. The use of the developed tools in conjunction with the methods of knowledge processing and automatic behavior planning allows an autonomous UAV group to solve complex practical problems in a priori uncertain environment.