bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN SISWA SD DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL GEOMETRI ASESMEN KOMPETENSI MINIMUM
Authors: Sari Desi Ratna , Lukman Epon Nur'aeni , Muharram Muhammad Rijal Wahid
Published: October 2021

Pelaksanaan Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM) yang akan diselenggarakan pada jenjang pendidikan sekolah, khususnya dijenjang pendidikan Sekolah Dasar membutuhkan persiapan dalam rangka menyelenggarakannya. Salah satu komponen yang harus disiapkan diantaranya siswa. Kesiapan aspek siswa dalam hal ini dipandang sangat penting karena sebagai subjek yang akan diujikan dalam pelaksanaan Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM). Kompetensi mendasar yang diujikan kepada siswa terbagi ke dalam 2 kompetensi yaitu literasi membaca dan numerasi. Salah satu lingkup materi pada AKM Numerasi yang diujikan adalah geometri. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai analisis kemampuan siswa sekolah dasar dalam menyelesaikan soal geometri pada Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum Numerasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dan mendeskripsikan kemampuan siswa kelas IV dalam menyelesaikan soal geometri pada AKM Numerasi ditinjau dari kualitas respon siswa berdasarkan hasil ketuntasan siswa dalam menyelesaikan tes. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskripsi kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari hasil tes dan wawancara dari siswa kelas IV di lingkungan warga RT 04 Pasirjaya Kota Tasikmalaya. Terdapat 1 siswa kelas IV yang menjadi subjek penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan siswa tersebut dalam menyelesaikan soal geometri pada Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum Numerasi tergolong rendah yaitu dengan presentase sebesar 17,65%.
SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO EVALUATION MULTIPLEXIVE EFFICIENCY OF ECOLOGICAL TAXES ING NATIONAL SECURITY
Authors: Samusevych Yaryna , Kuzmenko Olha , Vysochyna Alina
Published: October 2021

Increased interest in balancing environmental, energy and economic policy issues leads to the actualization of the search for comprehensive instruments of state influence. The intersectoral nature of environmental taxation shows a significant potential for its impact on the simultaneous provision of various areas of national security. The existence of multiplexed transmission links between the individual components of national security necessitated the development of a scientific and methodological approach to a comprehensive assessment of the impact of environmental taxes on national security in the context of building an optimal system of environmental taxation. The research is built as a sequence of interrelated stages. The selection of environmental taxes that have the potential to have multiplex effects on national security was determined using the Granger causality test. The components of national security that depend on the impact of environmental taxes are defined as environmental, energy and economic security. Transmission multiplexes that arise between individual components of national security are taken into account by aggregating them into an integral index according to the Kolmogorov-Gabor method. To determine the impact of individual environmental taxes and their combinations on national security, multiple linear and nonlinear ridge regression equations are constructed. The maximum level of national security that can be achieved as a result of environmental taxation is determined using a multi-parameter optimization model. Solving the optimization model allows determining the optimal structure of environmental taxes in the country. Determining the integrated levels of environmental, energy and economic security that correspond to the optimal level of national security achieved as a result of environmental taxation should be done through spectral analysis, which will take into account the links between the components of national security. The proposed approach creates a sound methodological basis for determining the directions of development of environmental taxes in order to achieve global and national public policy goals.
REGIONAL FEATURES OF THE LABOR MARKET OF KHMELNYTSKYI REGION
Authors: Andreitseva Iryna
Published: October 2021

In the conditions of the information society, the study of the processes inherent in the regional labor markets of Ukraine is especially relevant. The labor market should promote the efficient use of labor in accordance with the requirements of production, to ensure a rational structure of employment. Today, the regulation of the labor market at the regional level acquires special significance, as only at the regional level can their socio-economic, demographic, ecological and other features be most fully taken into account. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of the labor market of Khmelnytskyi region. The methodological and informational basis of the study are the articles of scientists who cover the issues of statistical evaluation of the labor market, its elements, materials of periodicals, Internet resources on these issues. During the study, methods of systematic and logical analysis, the method of generalization of information, comparative analysis, structural and dynamic analysis were used, as well as the method of visualization of information using graphs and tables. The article defines the concept of “regional labor market”. The peculiarities of the labor market of Khmelnytskyi region are investigated. The structural and dynamic analysis of the influence of factors on the regional market situation is carried out. The dynamics of employment by spheres of activity, professional groups is considered, its decrease by 13%, growth of the share of employment in the spheres of health care, art, sports is established. Unemployment growth factors have been identified. The unemployment rate rose to 9.9%, spread among the population with higher and vocational education. A high level of demand for low-skilled labor has been established, which has led to excessive differentiation in wages in the labor market. The efficiency of wages by types of economic activity, cities of the region are considered, the reduction of real wages is determined. According to the results of the study, it was found that the labor market of Khmelnytskyi region is inefficient, in particular: reducing the level of economic activity and employment; rising unemployment; there is a high level of demand for low-skilled labor, which has led to excessive differentiation in wages; increasing the workload of registered unemployed per vacancy due to the spread of crisis in the economy, the COVID-19 pandemic; reduction of real wages.
LOGISTICS COSTS MANAGEMENT IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Kibik Olha , Khaiminova Iuliia , Chumachenko Inna
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the formation and the improvement of the logistics costs management system to ensure sustainable development of economic agents at different levels. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of logistics costs and systematize the prerequisites for improving approaches to logistics costs management in the system of sustainable development of economic agents. The study is based on the use of general and special scientific methods of scientific knowledge: method of system analysis, the system-structural method etc.
Ensuring sustainable development is prerequisite for the formation of the sufficient level of competitiveness of economic agents. The assessment of Ukraine’s logistics activities in the world ranking is performed in the article. Directions of the development of global logistics are systematized. Developed logistics infrastructure is the prerequisite for investment and innovation development of business structures, region’s economic systems, and the state within the framework of international cooperation. The structure of logistics costs of modern business structures is analyzed in the article. The main trends in the formation of logistics costs are the growth of total logistics costs in the context of globalization, of growth of requirements for the sustainable development; the logistics services costs as a percentage of sales in value terms is constantly growing; components of logistics costs have different trends; smaller business structures have higher specific logistics costs etc. Active use of modern technologies in logistics activities to ensure compliance with the requirements of sustainable development is an important factor logistics costs increasing. The degree of dependence of the economic agent on the procurement, transport, warehousing, information and other areas of logistics determines the approaches to optimizing logistics costs of the economic agent. Logistics can have a negative impact on the socio-economic sphere and the ecosystem. This impact causes to additional costs for economic agents. Identifying problems and forming approaches to effective management of logistics costs of economic agents at the micro- and macro levels, taking into account the requirements of sustainable development is the subject of further research.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM: THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS
Authors: Kharabovskyi Yurii
Published: October 2021

Open economic systems are influenced by a significant number of factors, which by their nature can be both external and internal. The influence of factors causes changes in the system, which is determined by the content of the concept of “transformation”. The concept of “transformation” has long roots of application and today can be considered interdisciplinary. For our country, the transformation is largely due to the changes in the national economy that have taken place over the past three decades. The performed generalization proves that the transformation is characteristic of every open economic system, and its course requires control and management.
The aim of the study was to consider the theoretical foundations of the transformation of the economic system with the definition of security aspects as a condition for the existence and development of such a system.
To determine the theoretical foundations of the transformation of the economic system used methods: induction and deduction, comparison and systematization – in the study of the essential characteristics of the term “transformation”; synthesis and analysis – to determine the theoretical foundations of the transformation of any system; morphological analysis – to clarify the security aspects of the transformation of the economic system; graphic – for visual presentation of theoretical and methodical material; abstract-logical – for theoretical generalizations and conclusions of the study.
It is revealed that the transformation formed at the intersection of scientific approaches is characteristic of the existence and development of any systems. The process of transformation itself involves a change in its composition, i.e. the disappearance of existing and the emergence of new components, changes in the properties of individual components, forms of functioning, creates a basis for the transition to another state.
The following main parameters are defined as the theoretical basis for the transformation of any system: a radical change of interests, priorities and values; occurs at all hierarchical levels and applies to all elements of the system; qualitative change of the system, in particular its components, parameters, structure and connections; general form of system development; system transformations are caused by internal and external factors; multistage process of change; the process of transforming one system into another; carried out consistently and continuously.
The defined theoretical bases allow, taking into account possible changes in the system at the moments of its loss of stability, to predict the further course of events with the formation of the program of transition to the next level of development. Emphasis is placed on the security aspects of the transformation, which allows both to stabilize the situation and to form a basis for development despite the influence of internal and external factors.
An Investigation Into Low Velocity Impact Of 3D Printed Thermoplastic Plates
Authors: Mankoo Guneet Kaur
Published: October 2021

PolyLactic Acid (PLA) is the most widely used material for 3D printing, especially in industrial applications. PLA is an environment-friendly material as it is biodegradable and has high stiffness and low cost. But PLA shows brittle nature when subjected to out-of-plane loading, i.e. impact. Hence, in this paper, a pendulum impact test apparatus was used to perform impact tests and understand the impact damage characteristics of 3D printed PLA coupons. A high-speed and an infra-red camera were used to investigate the impact damage characteristics of the coupons and understand the failure mechanisms. 24 coupons were printed on a Prusa i3 MK2S 3D printer with a 0° raster angle and different layer thickness. The layer thickness was varied from 0.10 mm to 0.18 mm and the coupons were impacted with 3 J impact energy at two different impact locations, which were, at the center and near the upper clamped edge. For impact at the center of the specimen, the absorbed energy first increased and then decreased and the coupons with higher absorbed energy showed more damage. The absorbed energy was always higher for the coupons impacted at the second location, i.e. near the clamped edge with an only exception in the case of 0.16 mm layer thickness. Coupons with 0.16 mm layer thickness had the highest absorbed energy percentage for the impact to the plate center, however for the impact near the clamped edge, 0.12 mm layer thickness had the highest absorbed energy percentage. Specimens with cracks in the direction perpendicular to the orientation absorb more energy than the specimens with cracks in the direction of extrudates. And specimens with only horizontal or vertical cracks absorb less energy than the coupons with cracks in multiple directions.
Intalasi Komputer Dan Penggunaan E-Info Pada SMA N 1 Kefamenanu
Authors: Berek Claria Fransiska Agatha , Manek Siprianus Septian
Published: October 2021

Teknologi informasi dan komunikasi saat ini telah berkembang sangat pesat di masyarakat, terutama di kalangan para pelajar. Akan tetapi masih banyak yang belum bisa memanfaatkan Teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dengan baik seperti masalah yang terjadi  pada SMA N 1 Kefamenanu. Pemanfaatan Teknologi informasi dan komunikasi pada sekolah tersebut belum maksimal dikarenakan sarana dan prasarana pada laboratorium komputer yang ada pada SMA N 1 Kefamenanu masih ada beberapa komputer yang rusak maupun belum terinstall sistem operasi. Dari permasalah di atas, maka dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian dengan judul Instalasi Komputer Dan Penggunaan E-Info Pada SMA N 1 Kefamenanu. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini yaitu: penggunaan laboratorium komputer menjadi lebih maksimal dan dengan pengenalan pemanfaatan e-info pada siswa , sehingga siswa dapat menerapkan pengunaan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi pada proses belajar mengajar di SMA N 1 Kefamenanu.
KREATIVITAS MENULIS DAN MENGAPRESIASI PUISI SISWA SMP NEGERI MAUBELI
Authors: Liubana Metropoly Merlin J. , Neno Hesni
Published: October 2021

Kreativitas dalam pembelajaran menulis dan mengapresiasi puisi ditunjang dengan pengetahuan dan latihan secara praktik, intens, dan bervariasi. Salah satu kegiatan yang dapat dilakukan untuk memenuhi hal tersebut adalah dengan cara melakukan tindakan sebagai pengabdi pada siswa SMP Negeri Maubeli. Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah, diskusi, penugasan, praktik latihan menulis dengan teknik mengamati objek secara langsung, dan mengapresiasi puisi dengan cara membaca. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa penilaian menulis puisi dari 38 siswa mencapai nilai 72%, dengan jumlah skor keseluruhan 2728, dan termasuk dalam kategori baik. Hasil dari penilaian membaca puisi mencapai nilai 74 %, dengan jumlah skor keseluruhan 2830, dan termasuk dalam kategori baik. Sedangkan hasil menulis dan membaca puisi tersebut diakumulasi menjadi rerata skor 71.5% dari jumlah keseluruhan yakni 2713.5. Tingkat penguasaan siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri Maubeli dalam menulis dan membaca puisi berinterval 80-100, dengan kategori baik sekali sebanyak 16 siswa sehingga persentase tingkat penguasaan hanya mencapai 42.10%; berinterval 70-79 dengan kategori baik sebanyak 11 siswa dengan persentase tingkat penguasaan mencapai 28.94%; berinterval 60-69 berkategori cukup baik sebanyak 5 siswa, dengan persentase tingkat penguasaan mencapai 13.15%; dan berinterval 0-59 berkategori kurang baik sebanyak 6 siswa, sehingga persentase tingkat penguasaan mencapai 15.78%.
Edad, trabajo y salud ocupacional: retos y oportunidades para los trabajadores y las organizaciones en Iberoamérica
Authors: Alcover Carlos-María
Published: October 2021

El envejecimiento de la fuerza de trabajo debido a los cambios sociodemográficos globales plantea un conjunto de retos y de oportunidades cuya gestión es compleja y cuyos resultados pueden traer consigo consecuencias muy diversas para las personas y para las organizaciones. El principal objetivo de este artículo es analizar los más importantes identificados por la investigación internacional aplicados al contexto iberoamericano. Tras una contextualización de esos cambios sociodemográficos y sus impactos en el mundo del trabajo en los países de Iberoamérica, se abordan tres de los principales retos. En primer lugar, el relacionado con los conceptos de edad cronológica y edad subjetiva, así como otros tipos de conceptualizaciones de la edad aplicados en contextos organizacionales y laborales. En segundo lugar, analizar la evidencia disponible sobre la motivación, las actitudes y el desempeño de los trabajadores mayores, con objeto de reflexionar y cuestionar los estereotipos heredados acerca de su comportamiento y capacidad laboral. Y en tercer lugar, identificar los principales elementos del enfoque de la empleabilidad sostenible, con el que se pretende responder al reto de mantener y prolongar la vida laboral de los trabajadores mayores en buenas condiciones de satisfacción, desempeño, bienestar y salud. El artículo concluye identificando algunas de las principales futuras líneas de investigación e intervención en este ámbito cuya importancia seguirá aumentando en los próximos años
Conhecimento, práticas e métodos para o alívio da sede no pós-operatório imediato entre profissionais de enfermagem
Authors: Pereira Emanuela Batista Ferreira e , Oliveira Karina Nayara Gomes de , Santos Monick Rayanne dos , Modesto Brenna Cavalcanti Maciel , Souza Claudinalle Souza Farias Queiroz de , Aquino Jael Maria de
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Investigar o conhecimento, práticas e métodos empregados pela equipe de enfermagem para o manejo da sede no pós-operatório imediato. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com profissionais de enfermagem da Sala de Recuperação Pós-Anestésica de dois hospitais da cidade do Recife/PE. Foi aplicado um questionário composto por duas partes que permitiu coletar dados a respeito do perfil sociodemográfico e sobre o manejo da sede no pós-operatório imediato. Resultados: As estratégias para o manejo da sede mais utilizada foram o umedecimento dos lábios do paciente e a oferta de pequena quantidade de líquido pela seringa. Quanto ao volume de líquido a ser ofertado, 59,6% afirmaram que não deve ser ofertado líquido e 67,3% que a diferença na temperatura do líquido ofertado não interfere na saciedade do paciente. Conclusão: Constatou-se que existem fragilidades nas práticas e conhecimentos relativos ao manejo da sede dos pacientes assistidos pela equipe de enfermagem no pós-operatório imediato.
Conhecimento do agente comunitário de saúde acerca da amamentação
Authors: Andrade Dariana Rodrigues , Lima Letícia Mendes de , Dias Júnior Sérgio Alves , Silva Marcela Souza da , Terra Fábio de Souza , Ribeiro Patrícia Mônica
Published: October 2021

Introdução: As taxas de amamentação no Brasil estão muito aquém do que é preconizado mundialmente. O Agente Comunitário é o principal elo de ligação entre a Equipe de Saúde da Família e a comunidade, na realização de ações que visem promover a amamentação. Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento dos agentes acerca da amamentação. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal em que foi utilizado para coleta de dados um questionário aplicado para 29 agentes que atuam em Estratégia de Saúde da Família em um município do Sul de Minas Gerais. Resultados: Os agentes dominam os conhecimentos básicos acerca da amamentação. No entanto, consideram sua formação profissional insuficiente. Conclusão: A maioria dos participantes não realizaram cursos sobre o tema e nem se sentem preparados para orientar as mães durante o período de amamentação, o que demostra a necessidade de maior capacitação dos mesmos por meio de cursos ou oficinas educativas.
Dor: o olhar dos profissionais de saúde na clínica traumato-ortopédica
Authors: Florêncio Fernanda Caroline , Nunes Neto Geraldo Vicente , Gomes Iago Vieira , Souza Ilana Brito Ferraz de , Gonçalves Nataly da Silva , Serrano Solange Queiroga
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a identificação da dor como quinto sinal vital e sua resolubilidade pelos profissionais de saúde na clínica traumato-ortopédica. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e exploratório, de natureza qualitativa, com enfermeiros, técnicos de enfermagem e médicos de uma instituição pública de referência em Pernambuco. Para coletar dados, utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os depoimentos transcritos foram avaliados pela análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática proposta por Bardin. Resultados: Quatro enfermeiros, três técnicos de enfermagem e três médicos constituíram a amostra. Quatro categorias emergiram dos depoimentos: 1) dor como quinto sinal vital; 2) identificação e avaliação da dor; 3) tratamento da dor e 4) registro da dor. Conclusão: Através do estudo a identificação e reconhecimento da dor como um quinto sinal vital é um fator que contribui para a saúde e qualidade de vida dos pacientes, pois a valorização do relato verbal do indivíduo e manejo precoce podem minimizar danos secundários a esta sintomatologia.
Efeito da suplementação com ácido α-lipóico no estresse oxidativo nos tecidos cardíaco e hepático de camundongos treinados em endurance submetidos a um exercício exaustivo
Authors: Wolf Letí­cia Santana , Goncalves Alisson de Carvalho , Moraes Ruan Carlos Macedo , Rodrigues Ana Carolina Nunes , Merino Susana , Portari Guilherme Vannucchi
Published: October 2021

Introdução: O exercício de alta intensidade promove um aumento na produção de espécies reativas, o que pode ser prejudicial para a saúde e função de diversos órgãos. Objetivo: Analisar o efeito da suplementação com ácido α-lipóico contra o estresse oxidativo no coração e no fígado de camundongos treinados em endurance submetidos a uma sessão de exercício exaustivo. Métodos: Trinta e dois camundongos machos foram submetidos a 6 semanas de treinamento em natação. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a suplementação, ácido α-lipóico ou veículo, oferecida durante as duas últimas semanas. A última sessão do treinamento foi destinada ao exercício de exaustão. Foram analisadas a peroxidação lipídica, dano oxidativo às proteínas e marcador antioxidante no fígado e coração imediatamente (0h) e quatro horas (4h) após o exercício exaustivo nos dois grupos. Resultados: O coração dos animais suplementados apresentou menor dano proteico e maiores níveis de antioxidante nas 0h e 4h. No fígado, a peroxidação lipídica foi maior nos animais suplementados em 0h, mas não diferiu 4h após a exaustão. O fígado dos animais suplementados apresentou níveis mais altos de proteína carbonilada nas 0h e nas 4h. Conclusão: A suplementação com ácido α-lipóico é um antioxidante eficiente para o coração de camundongos treinados submetidos a exercício exaustivo, mas é desnecessário para evitar o estresse oxidativo hepático induzido pelo esforço exaustivo.
Relationship between mood state and cardiac autonomic modulation in jiu-jitsu fighters in the pre- and post-competitive period: A pilot study
Authors: Nascimento-Carvalho Bruno , Izaias João Eduardo , Jesus Ney Roberto de , Dos Santos Adriano , Nascimento Thália Leticia Brito , Ruaro Marcio Flavio , Scapini Katia Bilhar , Sanches Iris Callado
Published: October 2021

Aim: To characterize the changes in body composition, mood state and cardiac autonomic modulation in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) of athletes in the pre- and post-competitive periods. Methods: Eight male athletes were evaluated in 3 moments: 14 days and 1 day before the fight, and 2 days after the competition. Evaluations of body composition, mood state, and cardiac autonomic modulation were performed. The repeated measures Anova test, Pearson and Spearman correlation were used for data analysis (p < 0.05). Results: We observed reductions in anger (6.80 ± 1.69 vs. 4.20 ± 1.67 vs. 3.40 ± 1.07) and tension (6.60 ± 0.81 vs. 5.40 ± 0.75 vs. 2.60 ± 0.88) after competition. Vigor was reduced one day before the competition and remained the same two days after the competition (12.80 ± 1.60 vs. 10.00 ± 1.95 vs. 10.40 ± 1.03). In addition, there was an increase in sympathetic modulation (LF-PI: 2942 ± 655.3 vs. 5479 ± 2035 vs. 5334 ± 2418 abs). There was a positive correlation between the state of vigor and sympathetic modulation (r = 0.55), a negative correlation between the states of depression and sympathetic modulation (r = -0.68) and confusion and sympathetic modulation (r = -0.67). Conclusion: These findings raised concerns about the preparation of these athletes for competitions since changes in the state of vigor might reduce performance and increase cardiovascular risk.
Онлайн-курс як засіб організації самостійної роботи студентів довузівського етапу підготовки
Authors:   Запорізький державний медичний університет, Гайдук Лідія Прокопівна , Гроссу Наталія Валентинівна ,   Запорізький державний медичний університет
Published: October 2021

У статті автори розповідають про досвід впровадження в навчальний процес онлайн курсу «Читаємо і говоримо українською мовою» з метою організації самостійної роботи студентів довузівського етапу підготовки. Онлайн-курс було створено викладачами Центру підготовки іноземних громадян Запорізького державного медичного університету на платформі edX, яка забезпечує організацію і здійснення освітнього процесу від постановки мети до проведення підсумкового контролю. Ключові слова: онлайн курс, самостійна робота студентів, українська мова, довузівська підготовка, платформа edX.
Метод «синквейн» у практиці викладання української мови як іноземної
Authors:   Білоцерківський національний аграрний  університет, Димань Наталія Олегівна
Published: October 2021

У статті йдеться про можливість використання інтерактивного методу «синквейн» під час викладання української мови як іноземної. Наведено алгоритм застосування методу і приклади робіт, виконаних слухачами курсу мовної підготовки – представниками різних країн. Зроблено висновок про ефективність методу синквейну як засобу формування україномовної комунікативної компетентності іноземних студентів. Ключові слова: інтерактивні методи, «синквейн», комунікативна компетентність, українська мова як іноземна.
Розвиток іншомовної дискурсивної компетенції іноземних студентів
Authors:   Вінницький національний технічний університет, Зозуля Ірина Євгеніївна
Published: October 2021

У статті розглянуто проблему формування іншомовної дискурсивної компетенції студентів вищої школи в процесі навчання українській мові як іноземній. Обґрунтовано важливість розвитку різноманітних підходів щодо проблеми іншомовної підготовки майбутніх фахівців технічної сфери в умовах освітнього середовища університету. Зазначено, що навчання іноземній мові повинно відбуватися в межах особистісноорієнтованого, комунікативно спрямованого і професійно-діяльнісного підходів у системі мовної професійно-орієнтованої підготовки студентів за умови впровадження в освітній процес інноваційних технологій навчання українській мові як іноземній. Доведено, що ефективність навчання монологічному мовленню як типу дискурсу залежить в першу чергу від рівня сформованості дискурсивної компетентності студентів. Ключові слова: дискурсивна компетенція, українська мова як іноземна, іноземний студент, міжкультурна компетентність, метод навчання.
Комунікативні ситуації у процесі навчання української мови як іноземної
Authors:   Сумський національний аграрний університет, Косенко Юлія Григорівна
Published: October 2021

Подано зразки комунікативних ситуацій у процесі навчання української мови як іноземної, розкрито їх зміст. Ключові слова: комунікативна ситуація, комунікативне читання, українська мова як іноземна.
Організація самостійної роботи студентів у процесі вивчення української мови як іноземної
Authors:   Вінницький національний технічний університет, Стадній Алла Сергіївна
Published: October 2021

Досліджено особливості організації самостійної роботи студентів у процесі вивчення української мови як іноземної. Встановлено, що самостійна робота є важливою формою організації навчальної діяльності у ЗВО. Визначено чинники, які впливають на ефективність організації самостійної роботи. Запропоновано різні види самостійної роботи з української мови як іноземної. З’ясовано роль викладача в організації самостійної роботи студентів. Створення відповідного освітнього середовища сприятиме саморозвитку, активній самостійній роботі студентів. Ключові слова: самостійна робота студента, українська як іноземна, іноземні студенти.
Transdisciplinary characteristics of production in the knowledge society
Authors:   SESE “The Academy of Financial Management”, STRYZHAK Oleksandr , OLIYNYK Yana ,   SESE “The Academy of Financial Management”
Published: October 2021

The article describes the technological aspects of the knowledge society. It is determined that modern productions are knowledge-oriented and significantly depend on scientific and technical products. Information processes that reflect the knowledge systems that describe modern production are studied, and their transdisciplinarity is determined. The technological constructs of the knowledge society are distinguished. The tasks of information-analytical support of the processes of its economic development are described. Aspects of forecast assessment of technical and economic indicators and decision support are determined. Cognitive meta-tasks for processing documentary knowledge systems, databases and knowledge are distinguished: structuring, analysis, synthesis and selection. The transdisciplinary integration of information resources that reflect the state of production in the knowledge society is described. The processes of information retrieval and formation of network digital collections of text documents relevant to the topics of research and examination are characterized. The implementation of the interactive form of interaction with each document and ensuring its attributive integration with the processed information resources is determined. The processes of continuous monitoring of network information resources, formation of interoperable protocols to support network-centric interaction and interconnection between documents; conducting multi-criteria comparative analysis of information sources by their properties and sampling according to the specified criteria of the relevant records and documents found in information systems and environments are described. A description of an example of transdisciplinary monitoring of production and products based on transdisciplinary analysis and reflection of information resources of the shipbuilding industry is provided.
Tendencies and limitations on increasing excise tax on cigarettes in EU member states
Authors:   Philip Morris Ukraine, POLIAKOV Mykhailo
Published: October 2021

The recent studies of levying excise tax on cigarettes and the policy of the EU and its member states aimed at setting a minimum excise tax thereon have been analyzed in order to substantiate recommendations on the respective reform in Ukraine. The article confirms findings that a sharp increase in the excise tax (high excise rates) lead to the growth of illicit trade in such products. For that reason, when initiating corresponding changes to legislation, it is essential to choose such pace of increase in tax rates that would take into account the purchasing power and the level of such rates in neighboring countries. Even severe tax control measures may turn out to be inefficient if there are any conditions for getting high profits from the illicit market. Achieving excise revenue growth without fiscal losses due to the increase in illicit tobacco trade is possible only through a gradual increase in tax rates. It has been established that the negative experience of a number of the new EU countries in reaching the EU minimum excise tax on cigarettes should be taken into consideration while designing future pan-European legislative changes to avoid decisions that would either set out too high target thresholds or disregard the need to provide a sufficient transition period to achieve them. Today significant differences persist in the levels of purchasing power in the member states and there are still opportunities for smuggling cigarettes into the EU through its eastern borders. Given this, several post-socialist EU countries remain vulnerable to new increases in the minimum excise tax on cigarettes and are unlikely to agree on legislative changes that set forth “jumps” in the excise tax rates or their significant growth in the coming years. It has also been demonstrated that most EU countries have abstained from raising cigarette excise tax significantly during the COVID crisis for fear of the illicit trade growth. It has been proven that Ukraine should review the current plan on increasing cigarette excise tax by slowing down the tax growth and extending the plan till 2028.
Development and Validation of Nomogram Models for Postoperative Pneumonia in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Wang Dashuai , Chen Xing , Wu Jia , Le Sheng , Xie Fei , Li Ximei , Wang Hongfei , Huang Xiaofan , Zhang Anchen , Du Xinling
Published: October 2021

Background: Postoperative pneumonia (POP) is a frequent complication following cardiac surgery, related to increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. The objectives of this study were to investigate the risk factors associated with POP in adults undergoing elective cardiac surgery and to develop and validate nomogram models.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study in four cardiac centers in China. Adults operated with elective open-heart surgery from 2016 to 2020 were included. Patients were randomly allocated to training and validation sets by 7:3 ratio. Demographics, comorbidities, laboratory data, surgical factors, and postoperative outcomes were collected and analyzed. Risk factors for POP were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis. Nomograms were constructed based on the multivariate logistic regression models and were evaluated with calibration, discrimination and decision curve analysis.

Results: A total of 13,380 patients meeting the criteria were included and POP developed in 882 patients (6.6%). The mortality was 2.0%, but it increased significantly in patients with POP (25.1 vs. 0.4%, P < 0.001). Using preoperative and intraoperative variables, we constructed a full nomogram model based on ten independent risk factors and a preoperative nomogram model based on eight preoperative factors. Both nomograms demonstrated good calibration, discrimination, and were well validated. The decision curves indicated significant clinical usefulness. Finally, four risk intervals were defined for better clinical application.

Conclusions: We developed and validated two nomogram models for POP following elective cardiac surgery using preoperative and intraoperative factors, which may be helpful for individualized risk evaluation and prevention decisions.
A New Clinical Model to Estimate the Pre-Test Probability of Cushing’s Syndrome: The Cushing Score
Authors: Parasiliti-Caprino Mirko , Bioletto Fabio , Frigerio Tommaso , D’Angelo Valentina , Ceccato Filippo , Ferraù Francesco , Ferrigno Rosario , Minnetti Marianna , Scaroni Carla , Cannavò Salvatore , Pivonello Rosario , Isidori Andrea , Broglio Fabio , Giordano Roberta , Spinello Maurizio , Grottoli Silvia , Arvat Emanuela
Published: October 2021

Background

Hypercortisolism accounts for relevant morbidity and mortality and is often a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. A prompt diagnosis is necessary to treat Cushing’s syndrome as early as possible.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a clinical model for the estimation of pre-test probability of hypercortisolism in an at-risk population.

Design

We conducted a retrospective multicenter case-control study, involving five Italian referral centers for Endocrinology (Turin, Messina, Naples, Padua and Rome). One hundred and fifty patients affected by Cushing’s syndrome and 300 patients in which hypercortisolism was excluded were enrolled. All patients were evaluated, according to current guidelines, for the suspicion of hypercortisolism.

Results

The Cushing score was built by multivariable logistic regression, considering all main features associated with a clinical suspicion of hypercortisolism as possible predictors. A stepwise backward selection algorithm was used (final model AUC=0.873), then an internal validation was performed through ten-fold cross-validation. Final estimation of the model performance showed an average AUC=0.841, thus reassuring about a small overfitting effect. The retrieved score was structured on a 17.5-point scale: low-risk class (score value: ≤5.5, probability of disease=0.8%); intermediate-low-risk class (score value: 6-8.5, probability of disease=2.7%); intermediate-high-risk class (score value: 9-11.5, probability of disease=18.5%) and finally, high-risk class (score value: ≥12, probability of disease=72.5%).

Conclusions

We developed and internally validated a simple tool to determine pre-test probability of hypercortisolism, the Cushing score, that showed a remarkable predictive power for the discrimination between subjects with and without a final diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome.
Myocardial Infarction and Coronary Artery Disease in Menopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Negatively Correlate With Total Serum Bile Acids
Authors: Feng Xunxun , Zhai Guangyao , Yang Jiaqi , Liu Yang , Zhou Yujie , Guo Qianyun
Published: October 2021

Background

As metabolic molecules, bile acids (BAs) not only promote the absorption of fat-soluble nutrients, but they also regulate many metabolic processes, including the homeostasis of glucose and lipids. Although total serum BA (TBA) measurement is a readily available clinical test related to coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the relationship between TBA and these pathological conditions remain unclear, and research on this topic is inconclusive.

Methods

This study enrolled 20,255 menopausal women aged over 50 years, including 6,421 T2DM patients. The study population was divided into different groups according to the median TBA level in order to explore the clinical characteristics of menopausal women with different TBA levels. Spline analyses, generalized additive model (GAM) model and regression analyses based on TBA level were used to explore the relationship between TBA and different diseases independently, including CAD and MI, or in combination with T2DM.

Results

Both in the general population and in the T2DM subgroup, the TBA level was significantly lower in CAD patients than in non-CAD patients. Spline analyses indicated that within normal clinical range of TBA concentration (0–10 µmol/L), the presence of CAD and MI showed similar trends in total and T2DM population. Similarly, the GAM model indicated that within the 0–10 μmol/L clinical range, the predicted probability for CAD and MI alone and in combination with T2DM was negatively correlated with TBA concentration. Multivariate regression analysis suggested that low TBA level was positively associated with the occurrence of CAD combined with T2DM (OR: 1.451; 95%CI: 1.141–1.847).

Conclusions

In menopausal women, TBA may represent a valuable clinical serum marker with negative correlation for CAD and MI in patients with T2DM.
Physiology Drives Reworking of Amino Acid δ2H and δ13C in Butterfly Tissues
Authors: Morra Kaycee E. , Newsome Seth D. , Graves Gary R. , Fogel Marilyn L.
Published: October 2021

Studies of animal movement and migration over large geospatial scales have long relied on natural continental-scale hydrogen isotope (δ2H) gradients in precipitation, yet the physiological processes that govern incorporation of δ2H from precipitation into plant and then herbivore tissues remain poorly understood, especially at the molecular level. Establishing a biochemical framework for the propagation of δ2H through food webs would enable us to resolve more complicated regional-scale animal movements and potentially unlock new applications for δ2H data in animal ecology and eco-physiology. Amino acid δ2H analysis offers a promising new avenue by which to establish this framework. We report bulk tissue δ2H, δ13C, and δ15N data as well as amino acid δ2H and δ13C data from three Pipevine swallowtail (Battus philenor) tissues—caterpillars, butterfly bodies, and wings—as well as their obligate plant source: pipevine leaves (Aristolochia macrophylla). Insects are often dominant herbivores in terrestrial food webs and a major food source for many higher-level consumers, so it is particularly important to understand the mechanisms that influence insect tissue δ2H values. Our data reveal extensive δ2H variation within and among individuals of a relatively simple plant-herbivore system that cannot be explained by temporal or geospatial gradients of precipitation δ2H or dietary differences. Variations in essential amino acid δ2H and δ13C indicate thatB. philenoracquire these compounds from an additional source that is isotopically distinct from pipevine leaves, potentially gut microbes. We also found multiple isotopic carryover effects associated with metamorphosis. This study emphasizes the strong influence of physiology on consumer-diet δ2H discrimination in a local population of pipevines and swallowtails and provides a template that can be broadly applied to Lepidoptera—the second most diverse insect order—and other holometabolous insects. Understanding these physiological mechanisms is critical to interpreting the large degree of δ2H variation in consumer tissues often observed at a single collection site, which has implications for using δ2H isoscapes to study animal movement. Further investigation into amino acid δ2H holds promise to elucidate how subsets of amino acids may be best utilized to address specific ecological and physiological questions for which bulk tissue δ2H is insufficient.
Summer Heatwave Impacts on the European Kelp Saccharina latissima Across Its Latitudinal Distribution Gradient
Authors: Diehl Nora , Roleda Michael Y. , Bartsch Inka , Karsten Ulf , Bischof Kai
Published: October 2021

Kelps are important foundation species in coastal ecosystems currently experiencing pronounced shifts in their distribution patterns caused by ocean warming. While some populations found at species’ warm distribution edges have been recently observed to decline, expansions of some species have been recorded at their cold distribution edges. Reduced population resilience can contribute to kelp habitat loss, hence, understanding intraspecific variations in physiological responses across a species’ latitudinal distribution is crucial for its conservation. To investigate potential local responses of the broadly distributed kelp Saccharina latissima to marine heatwaves in summer, we collected sporophytes from five locations in Europe (Spitsbergen, Bodø, Bergen, Helgoland, Locmariaquer), including populations exposed to the coldest and warmest local temperature regimes. Meristematic tissue from sporophytes was subjected to increasing temperatures of Δ+2, Δ+4 and Δ+6°C above the respective mean summer temperatures (control, Δ±0°C) characteristic for each site. Survival and corresponding physiological and biochemical traits were analyzed. Vitality (optimum quantum yield, Fv/Fm) and growth were monitored over time and biochemical responses were measured at the end of the experiment. Growth was highest in northern and lowest in southern populations. Overall, northern populations from Spitsbergen, Bodø and Bergen were largely unaffected by increasing summer temperatures up to Δ+6°C. Conversely, sporophytes from Helgoland and Locmariaquer were markedly stressed at Δ+6°C: occurrence of tissue necrosis, reduced Fv/Fm, and a significantly elevated de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle (DPS). The variations in phlorotannins, mannitol and tissue C and N contents were independent of temperature treatments and latitudinal distribution pattern. Pronounced site-specific variability in response to increasing temperatures implies that exceeding a threshold above the mean summer temperature exclusively affect rear-edge (southernmost) populations.
The Risk of Postpartum Hemorrhage Following Prior Prelabor Cesarean Delivery Stratified by Abnormal Placentation: A Multicenter Historical Cohort Study
Authors: Shilei Bi , Lizi Zhang , Yulian Li , Yingyu Liang , Lijun Huang , Minshan Huang , Baoying Huang , Jinping Jia , Yinli Cao , Shaoshuai Wang , Xiaoyan Xu , Ling Feng , Yangyu Zhao , Xianlan Zhao , Qiying Zhu , Hongbo Qi , Suiwen Wen , Lanzhen Zhang , Hongtian Li , Jingsi Chen , Zhijian Wang , Lili Du , Dunjin Chen
Published: October 2021

Background: Prior prelabor cesarean delivery (CD) was associated with an increase in the risk of placenta previa (PP) in a second delivery, whether it may impact postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) independent of abnormal placentation. This study aimed to assess the risk of PPH stratified by abnormal placentation following a first CD before the onset of labor (prelabor) or intrapartum CD.

Methods: This multicenter, historical cohort study involved singleton, pregnant women at 28 weeks of gestation or greater with a CD history between January 2017 and December 2017 in 11 public tertiary hospitals within 7 provinces of China. PPH was analyzed in the subsequent pregnancy between women with prior prelabor CD and women with intrapartum CD. Furthermore, PPH was analyzed in pregnant women stratified by complications with PP alone [without placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders], complications with PP and PAS, complications with PAS alone (without PP), and normal placentation. We performed multivariate logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% CI controlling for predefined covariates.

Results: Out of 10,833 pregnant women, 1,197 (11%) women had a history of intrapartum CD and 9,636 (89%) women had a history of prelabor CD. Prior prelabor CD increased the risk of PP (aOR 1.91, 95% CI 1.40–2.60), PAS (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.11–2.24), and PPH (aOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.02–1.75) in a subsequent pregnancy. After stratification by complications with PP alone, PP and PAS, PAS alone, and normal placentation, prior prelabor CD only increased the risk of PPH (aOR 3.34, 95% CI 1.35–8.23) in a subsequent pregnancy complicated with PP and PAS.

Conclusion: Compared to intrapartum CD, prior prelabor CD increased the risk of PPH in a subsequent pregnancy only when complicated by PP and PAS.