bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability Analysis of Upland Cotton in Texas
Authors: Ng E.‐H. , Jernigan K. , Smith W. , Hequet E. , Dever J. , Hague S. , Ibrahim A. M. H.
Published: April 2013

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a high value cash crop for the southern United States with an annual production of over 3.2 million t. For breeders to fully maximize yield potential and to improve fiber properties of new cotton cultivars, it is important to use representative test locations to evaluate genotype × environment (G×E) effects and trait repeatability. In this study, G×E analysis was performed on 31 upland cotton genotypes developed by the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Cotton Improvement Lab along with three commercial check cultivars. Seven distinct test locations across Texas representing major cotton growing regions were selected for the 2‐yr study. All experimental plots were managed with standard field practices and were machine harvested to determine yield. Hand‐harvested boll samples were ginned on a 10‐saw laboratory gin and high volume instrument (HVI) fiber properties determined. Yield and lint percent along with HVI fiber bundle strength (strength) and upper‐half mean length (UHML) were analyzed. Optimum test locations were identified for lint yield, lint percent, strength, and UHML. Combined correlation analysis of all traits indicated a high association between fiber yield and lint percent but highly negative association of yield traits and UHML. Repeatability of UHML and strength were 0.85 and 0.75, respectively, across all test locations in Texas over 2 yr suggesting a large genotypic component governing those traits.
Intraprofessional Fieldwork Education: Occupational Therapy and Occupational Therapist Assistant Students Learning Together
Authors: Jung Bonny , Salvatori Penny , Martin Adele
Published: April 2013

Background. In the past 10 years, the use of support personnel in Canada has generated significant interest from occupational therapists, professional associations, regulatory bodies, employers, educational institutions, and government agencies.Purpose. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of a combined collaborative fieldwork placement and weekly tutorial as a teaching strategy for intraprofessional education.Methods. Seven pairs of student occupational therapists and occupational therapist assistants were assigned to fieldwork placements. Tutorials were scheduled during the placements to discuss intraprofessional issues and provision of occupational therapy services in the clinical setting. Journaling and focus groups were used to collect data from students, tutors, and preceptors.Findings. Three key themes emerged from the data: (1) developing the relationship, (2) understanding roles, and (3) recognizing environmental influences on learning.Implications. Intraprofessional learning experiences prior to graduation can help prepare occupational therapy and occupational therapist assistant students for future collaborative practice.
Prevalence and Correlates of Low Back Pain among Occupational Therapy Students in Northern Queensland
Authors: Leggat Peter A. , Smith Derek R. , Clark Michele J.
Published: April 2013

Background. Although low back pain (LBP) is an important issue for the health profession, few studies have examined LBP among occupational therapy students.Purpose. To investigate the prevalence and distribution of LBP, its adverse sequelae; and to identify potential risk factors.Methods. In 2005, a self-reported questionnaire was administered to occupational therapy students in Northern Queensland.Findings. The 12-month period-prevalence of LBP was 64.6%. Nearly half (46.9%) had experienced pain for over 2 days, 38.8% suffered LBP that affected their daily lives, and 24.5% had sought medical treatment. The prevalence of LBP ranged from 45.5 to 77.1% (p=0.004), while the prevalence of LBP symptoms persisting longer than two days was 34.1 to 62.5% (p=0.020). Logistic regression analysis indicated that year of study and weekly computer usage were statistically-significant LBP risk factors.Implications. The occupational therapy profession will need to further investigate the high prevalence of student LBP identified in this study.
Local Control Theory using Trajectory Surface Hopping and Linear-Response Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory
Authors: Curchod Basile F. E. , Penfold Thomas J. , Rothlisberger Ursula , Tavernelli Ivano
Published: April 2013

The implementation of local control theory using nonadiabatic molecular dynamics within the framework of linear-response time-dependent density functional theory is discussed. The method is applied to study the photoexcitation of lithium fluoride, for which we demonstrate that this
approach can efficiently generate a pulse, on-the-fly, able to control the population transfer between two selected electronic states. Analysis of the computed control pulse yields insights into the photophysics of the process identifying the relevant frequencies associated to the curvature
of the initial and final state potential energy curves and their energy differences. The limitations inherent to the use of the trajectory surface hopping approach are also discussed.
Jhumpa Lahiri's Feminist Cosmopolitics and the Transnational Beauty Assemblage
Authors: Reddy Vanita
Published: April 2013

This essay examines Indian American writer Jhumpa Lahiri's literary engagements with cosmopolitan Indian beauty and style in her short stories “Sexy” and “Interpreter of Maladies” (2003). It situates these engagements as part of a transnational beauty assemblage, a heterogeneous set of transnational cultural flows of Indian beauty and fashion, first in order to map the transnational dimensions of Indian fashion and beauty, which have remained under-explored within existing feminist scholarship on cultural economies of Indian fashion and beauty. Second, the essay shifts focus away from this scholarship's ideological critiques of the Indian fashion and beauty industries and thus away from concerns with shifting standards of beauty (what beauty is), and toward a mapping of beauty as an affective force (what beauty does). Specifically, I examine how Lahiri's stories infuse Indian female beauty with affective capacities that reassemble the semantic messages of exoticism, commodification, gendered nationalism, and transnational mobility that underwrite Indian female beauty's attachments to an elite cosmopolitanism at the end of the twentieth century. In Lahiri's stories, beauty operates as a deeply, if unevenly, socializing force within moments of cross-cultural and interracial encounter, generating affects such as estrangement, identification, and desire, which open onto articulations of citizenship and belonging. The essay further argues that Lahiri's attachments of Indian female beauty's affects to experiences of citizenship and belonging can be understood as part of her feminist, cosmopolitical literary project: Lahiri mobilizes Indian feminine beauty's affects in order to illuminate and critique late-capitalist globalization, migration, and travel as they shape narratives of citizenship and belonging.
Gender, Religious Agency, and the Subject of Al-Huda International
Authors: Shaikh Khanum
Published: April 2013

The focus of this paper is Al-Huda International, a Pakistan-based Sunni Muslim women's organization working to bring about social reform through women's religious education. Created and led by urban, upper-class Pakistani women, Al-Huda approaches religious interpretation and praxis in a way that challenges that of the male ulema (religious scholars) who have historically exercised a monopoly over the production and dissemination of religious knowledge in Pakistan. Al-Huda advances a model of piety that casts women as moral-religious actors anchored in, but not confined to, their domestic roles and invested in building religiously educated families and communities. The group has gained unprecedented popularity among urban Pakistani women, influencing the ways that women practice and participate in religious discourse in everyday life. Due precisely to its influence, the group has become a subject of intense scrutiny from different segments of society. In 2005 the founder of the organization, Dr. Farhat Hashmi, moved to Mississauga, Ontario, Canada to establish a branch of Al-Huda for diasporic Muslim women. In the months that followed, staunch critiques from self-identified progressive Canadian Muslim activists began to emerge and circulate, critiques that represent Hashmi's model of Muslim womanhood as detrimental and potentially dangerous to Canadian values. Employing a transnational feminist framework, I examine how the subject of Al-Huda and her presumed relation to the domestic is configured and reconfigured in narratives of the Pakistani ulema and narratives of prominent progressive Muslim activists in Canada. My analysis of these narratives reveals the anxieties that surface and crystallize around the figure of the Al-Huda woman when analyzed against the hegemonies of nation, class, race, gender, and religion in two very different national contexts, Pakistan and Canada.
Bone flap explantation, steroid use, and rates of infection in patients with epilepsy undergoing craniotomy for implantation of subdural electrodes
Authors: Hersh Eliza H. , Virk Michael S. , Shao Huibo , Tsiouris A. John , Bonci Gregory A. , Schwartz Theodore H.
Published: April 2013

Object

Subdural implantation of electrodes is commonly performed to localize an epileptic focus. Whether to temporarily explant the bone plate and whether to treat patients with perioperative steroid agents is unclear. The authors' aim was to evaluate the utility and risk of bone plate explantation and perioperative steroid use.

Methods

The authors reviewed the records of all patients who underwent unilateral craniotomy for electrode implantation performed between November 2001 and June 2011 at their institution. Patients were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (n = 24), bone explanted, no perioperative steroid use; Group 2 (n = 42), bone left in place, no perioperative steroid use; Group 3 (n = 25), bone left in place, steroid agents administered perioperatively. Complications, mass effect, and seizure rates were examined by means of statistical analysis.

Results

Of 324 cranial epilepsy surgeries, 91 were unilateral subdural electrode implants that met our inclusion criteria. A total of 11 infections were reported, and there was a significantly higher rate of infection when the bone was explanted (8 cases [33.3%]) than when the bone was left in place (3 cases [4.5%], p < 0.01). Leaving the bone in place also increased the rate of asymptomatic subdural hematomas and frequency of seizures, although there was no increase in midline shift, severity of headache, or rate of emergency reoperation. The use of steroid agents did not appear to have an effect on any of the outcome measures.

Conclusions

Temporary bone flap explantation during craniotomy for implantation of subdural electrodes can result in high rates of infection, possibly due to the frequent change of hands in transferring the bone to the bone bank. Leaving the bone in place may increase the frequency of seizures and appearance of asymptomatic subdural hematomas but does not increase the rate of complications. These results may be institution dependent.
Are readmission rates on a neurosurgical service indicators of quality of care?
Authors: Shah Manish N. , Stoev Ivan T. , Sanford Dominic E. , Gao Feng , Santiago Paul , Jaques David P. , Dacey Ralph G.
Published: April 2013

Object

The goal of this study was to examine the reasons for early readmissions within 30 days of discharge to a major academic neurosurgical service.

Methods

A database of readmissions within 30 days of discharge between April 2009 and September 2010 was retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and administrative variables associated with readmission were examined, including age, sex, race, days between discharge and readmission, and insurance type. The readmissions were then assigned independently by 2 neurosurgeons into 1 of 3 categories: scheduled, adverse event, and unrelated. The adverse event readmissions were further subcategorized into patients readmitted although best practices were followed, those readmitted due to progression of their underlying disease, and those readmitted for preventable causes. These variables were compared descriptively.

Results

A total of 348 patients with 407 readmissions were identified, comprising 11.5% of the total 3552 admissions. The median age of readmitted patients was 55 years (range 16–96 years) and patients older than 65 years totaled 31%. There were 216 readmissions (53% of 407) for management of an adverse event that was classified as either preventable (149 patients; 37%) or unpreventable (67 patients; 16%). There were 113 patients (28%) who met readmission criteria but who were having an electively scheduled neurosurgical procedure. Progression of disease (48 patients; 12%) and treatment unrelated to primary admission (30 patients; 7%) were additional causes for readmission. There was no significant difference in the proportion of early readmissions by payer status when comparing privately insured patients and those with public or no insurance (p = 0.09).

Conclusions

The majority of early readmissions within 30 days of discharge to the neurosurgical service were not preventable. Many of these readmissions were for adverse events that occurred even though best practices were followed, or for progression of the natural history of the neurosurgical disease requiring expected but unpredictably timed subsequent treatment. Judicious care often requires readmission to prevent further morbidity or death in neurosurgical patients, and penalties for readmission will not change these patient care obligations.
Intraaxial dermoid cyst of the medulla
Authors: Park Jong G. , Babu Ranjith , Kranz Peter G. , McLendon Roger E. , Adamson Cory
Published: April 2013

Intracranial dermoid cysts are rare congenital lesions that typically occur in the cisternal spaces. However, exceptionally rare cases of intraaxial involvement have been reported, with only 8 cases having been described in the literature. The authors report the first case of an intraaxial dermoid cyst located in the medulla and the first occurrence in an elderly patient. They also review the literature of the existing intraparenchymal cases and provide treatment guidelines. A 66-year-old man presented with slowly progressive dysphagia, left lower-extremity numbness, nausea, and hyperhidrosis. Neurological examination revealed decreased pinprick sensation of the left side of his face and body, and decreased vibratory sensation in his left lower extremity. Additionally, he had an unusual extraocular movement in which abduction of the eye resulted in closure of the contralateral eye. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a nonenhancing cystic lesion centered in the medulla. The patient underwent a suboccipital craniotomy with laminectomy of C1–2 for excision of the cyst, with subtotal resection due to adherence of the cyst wall to the brainstem. At follow-up 7.5 years after surgery, the patient's neurological examination was stable. Magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal any progression or recurrence of the cyst. As the cyst wall is typically adherent to surrounding structures, resection is usually subtotal due to the risk of neurological deficits. As there have been no cases of progression after subtotal resection, gross-total resection is not warranted for the treatment of these lesions.
Gamma Knife radiosurgery for the management of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas: a multicenter study
Authors: Sheehan Jason P. , Starke Robert M. , Mathieu David , Young Byron , Sneed Penny K. , Chiang Veronica L. , Lee John Y. K. , Kano Hideyuki , Park Kyung-Jae , Niranjan Ajay , Kondziolka Douglas , Barnett Gene H. , Rush Stephen , Golfinos John G. , Lunsford L. Dade
Published: April 2013

Object

Pituitary adenomas are fairly common intracranial neoplasms, and nonfunctioning ones constitute a large subgroup of these adenomas. Complete resection is often difficult and may pose undue risk to neurological and endocrine function. Stereotactic radiosurgery has come to play an important role in the management of patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. This study examines the outcomes after radiosurgery in a large, multicenter patient population.

Methods

Under the auspices of the North American Gamma Knife Consortium, 9 Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) centers retrospectively combined their outcome data obtained in 512 patients with nonfunctional pituitary adenomas. Prior resection was performed in 479 patients (93.6%) and prior fractionated external-beam radiotherapy was performed in 34 patients (6.6%). The median age at the time of radiosurgery was 53 years. Fifty-eight percent of patients had some degree of hypopituitarism prior to radiosurgery. Patients received a median dose of 16 Gy to the tumor margin. The median follow-up was 36 months (range 1–223 months).

Results

Overall tumor control was achieved in 93.4% of patients at last follow-up; actuarial tumor control was 98%, 95%, 91%, and 85% at 3, 5, 8, and 10 years postradiosurgery, respectively. Smaller adenoma volume (OR 1.08 [95% CI 1.02–1.13], p = 0.006) and absence of suprasellar extension (OR 2.10 [95% CI 0.96–4.61], p = 0.064) were associated with progression-free tumor survival. New or worsened hypopituitarism after radiosurgery was noted in 21% of patients, with thyroid and cortisol deficiencies reported as the most common postradiosurgery endocrinopathies. History of prior radiation therapy and greater tumor margin doses were predictive of new or worsening endocrinopathy after GKS. New or progressive cranial nerve deficits were noted in 9% of patients; 6.6% had worsening or new onset optic nerve dysfunction. In multivariate analysis, decreasing age, increasing volume, history of prior radiation therapy, and history of prior pituitary axis deficiency were predictive of new or worsening cranial nerve dysfunction. No patient died as a result of tumor progression. Favorable outcomes of tumor control and neurological preservation were reflected in a 4-point radiosurgical pituitary score.

Conclusions

Gamma Knife surgery is an effective and well-tolerated management strategy for the vast majority of patients with recurrent or residual nonfunctional pituitary adenomas. Delayed hypopituitarism is the most common complication after radiosurgery. Neurological and cranial nerve function were preserved in more than 90% of patients after radiosurgery. The radiosurgical pituitary score may predict outcomes for future patients who undergo GKS for a nonfunctioning adenoma.
Spinal aneurysms: clinicoradiological features and management paradigms
Authors: Madhugiri Venkatesh S. , Ambekar Sudheer , Roopesh Kumar V. R. , Sasidharan Gopalakrishnan M. , Nanda Anil
Published: April 2013

Object

Spinal aneurysms (SAs) are rare lesions. The clinicoradiological features and the exact degree of their association with comorbid conditions such as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and coarctation of the aorta have not been definitively described. The ideal management paradigm has not been established. The authors reviewed literature to determine the clinical patterns of presentation, management, and outcome of spinal aneurysms.

Methods

A systematic review of literature was performed using 23 separate strings. A total of 10,190 papers were screened to identify 87 papers that met the inclusion criteria. A total of 123 SAs could be included for analysis.

Results

The mean age of patients at presentation was 38 years; 10% of patients were aged less than 10 years and nearly 50% were greater than 38 years. Spinal aneurysms can be divided into 2 groups: those associated with AVMs (SA-AVMs, or Type 1 SAs) and those with isolated aneurysms (iSAs, or Type 2 SAs). Patients with Type 2 SAs were older and more likely to present with bleeding than those with Type 1 SAs. The acute syndromes can be divided into 3 groups of patients: those with spinal syndrome, those with cranial/craniospinal syndrome, and those with nonspecific presentation. Overall, 32.6% presented with angiography-negative cranial subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Presentation with evidence of cord dysfunction (myelopathy/weakness/sensory loss/bladder involvement) correlated with poor outcome, as did presentation with hemorrhage and association with other comorbid conditions. Surgery and endovascular therapy both led to comparable rates of complete aneurysm obliteration for Type 2 SAs, whereas for the AVM-associated Type 1 SAs, surgery led to better rates of lesion obliteration. The authors propose a classification scheme for spinal aneurysms based on whether the lesion is solitary or is associated with a coexistent spinal AVM; this would also imply that the ideal therapy for the aneurysm would differ based on this association.

Conclusions

The clinical and radiological patterns that influence outcome are distinct for Type 1 and Type 2 SAs. The ideal treatment for Type 1 SAs appears to be excision, whereas surgery and endovascular therapy were equally effective for Type 2 SAs.
Surgical treatment of superior cluneal nerve entrapment neuropathy
Authors: Morimoto Daijiro , Isu Toyohiko , Kim Kyongsong , Imai Tetsuaki , Yamazaki Kazuyoshi , Matsumoto Ryoji , Isobe Masanori
Published: April 2013

Object

Superior cluneal nerve (SCN) entrapment neuropathy is a poorly understood clinical entity that can produce low-back pain. The authors report a less-invasive surgical treatment for SCN entrapment neuropathy that can be performed with local anesthesia.

Methods

From November 2010 through November 2011, the authors performed surgery in 34 patients (age range 18–83 years; mean 64 years) with SCN entrapment neuropathy. The entrapment was unilateral in 13 patients and bilateral in 21. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 10 months (range 6–18 months). After the site was blocked with local anesthesia, the thoracolumbar fascia of the orifice was dissected with microscissors in a distal-to-rostral direction along the SCN to release the entrapped nerve. Results were evaluated according to Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) scores.

Results

In all 34 patients, the SCN penetrated the orifice of the thoracolumbar fascia and could be released by dissection of the fascia. There were no intraoperative surgery-related complications. For all patients, surgery was effective; JOA and RMDQ scores indicated significant improvement (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

For patients with low-back pain, SCN entrapment neuropathy must be considered as a causative factor. Treatment by less-invasive surgery, with local anesthesia, yielded excellent clinical outcomes.
Level of Serum Trace Element in Preoperative and Postoperative Period of Symptomatic Hydatid Disease Patients
Authors: Sharma Atul K , Sharma Santosh K
Published: April 2013

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 201-204 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i4.14762
College News Vol.30(4)
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: April 2013

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 237-243 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i4.14771
Tumour Cell Labelling by Magnetic Nanoparticles with Determination of Intracellular Iron Content and Spatial Distribution of the Intracellular Iron
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Cuschieri Alfred
Published: April 2013

Magnetically labelled cells are used for in vivo cell tracking by MRI, used for the clinical translation of cell-base therapies. Studies involving magnetic labelled cells may include separation of labelled cells, targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs, contrast enhanced MRI and magnetic hyperthermia for the in situ ablation of tumours. Dextran-coated super-paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) ferumoxides are used clinically as an MR contrast agents primarily for hepatic imaging. The material is also widely used for in vitro cell labelling, as are other SPIO-based particles. Our results on the uptake by human cancer cell lines of ferumoxides indicate that electroporation in the presence of protamine sulphate (PS) results in rapid high uptake of SPIO nanoparticles (SPIONs) by parenchymal tumour cells without significant impairment of cell viability. Quantitative determination of cellular iron uptake performed by colorimetric assay is in agreement with data from the literature. These results on intracellular iron content together with the intracellular distribution of SPIONs by magnetic force microscopy (MFM) following in vitro uptake by parenchymal tumour cells confirm the potential of this technique for clinical tumour cell detection and destruction.
2'-Deoxythymidine Adducts from the Anti-HIV Drug Nevirapine
Authors: Antunes Alexandra , Wolf Benjamin , Oliveira M. , Beland Frederick , Marques M.
Published: April 2013

Nevirapine (NVP) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) used against HIV-1. Currently, NVP is the most widely used anti-HIV drug in developing countries, both in combination therapy and to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Despite its efficacy against HIV, NVP produces a variety of toxic responses, including hepatotoxicity and skin rash. It is also associated with increased incidences of hepatoneoplasias in rodents. In addition, epidemiological data suggest that NNRTI use is a risk factor for non-AIDS-defining cancers in HIV-positive patients. Current evidence supports the involvement of metabolic activation to reactive electrophiles in NVP toxicity. NVP metabolism includes oxidation to 12-hydroxy-NVP; subsequent Phase II sulfonation produces an electrophilic metabolite, 12-sulfoxy-NVP, capable of reacting with DNA to yield covalent adducts. Since 2’-deoxythymidine (dT) adducts from several alkylating agents are regarded as having significant mutagenic/carcinogenic potential, we investigated the formation of NVP-dT adducts under biomimetic conditions. Toward this goal, we initially prepared and characterized synthetic NVP-dT adduct standards using a palladium-mediated Buchwald-Hartwig coupling strategy. The synthetic standards enabled the identification, by LC-ESI-MS, of 12-(2'-deoxythymidin-N3-yl)-nevirapine (N3-NVP-dT) in the enzymatic hydrolysate of salmon testis DNA reacted with 12-mesyloxy-NVP, a synthetic surrogate for 12-sulfoxy-NVP. N3-NVP-dT, a potentially cytotoxic and mutagenic DNA lesion, was also the only dT-specific adduct detected upon reaction of dT with 12-mesyloxy-NVP. Our data suggest that N3-NVP-dT may be formed in vivo and play a role in the hepatotoxicity and/or putative hepatocarcinogenicity of NVP.
Advances in Mammalian Cell Line Development Technologies for Recombinant Protein Production
Authors: Lai Tingfeng , Yang Yuansheng , Ng Say
Published: April 2013

From 2006 to 2011, an average of 15 novel recombinant protein therapeutics have been approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) annually. In addition, the expiration of blockbuster biologics has also spurred the emergence of biosimilars. The increasing numbers of innovator biologic products and biosimilars have thus fuelled the demand of production cell lines with high productivity. Currently, mammalian cell line development technologies used by most biopharmaceutical companies are based on either the methotrexate (MTX) amplification technology or the glutamine synthetase (GS) system. With both systems, the cell clones obtained are highly heterogeneous, as a result of random genome integration by the gene of interest and the gene amplification process. Consequently, large numbers of cell clones have to be screened to identify rare stable high producer cell clones. As such, the cell line development process typically requires 6 to 12 months and is a time, capital and labour intensive process. This article reviews established advances in protein expression and clone screening which are the core technologies in mammalian cell line development. Advancements in these component technologies are vital to improve the speed and efficiency of generating robust and highly productive cell line for large scale production of protein therapeutics.
Topological Many-Body States in Quantum Antiferromagnets via Fuzzy Supergeometry
Authors: Hasebe Kazuki , Totsuka Keisuke
Published: April 2013

Recent vigorous investigations of topological order have not only discovered new topological states of matter, but also shed new light on “already known” topological states. One established example with topological order is the valence bond solid (VBS) states in quantum antiferromagnets. The VBS states are disordered spin liquids with no spontaneous symmetry breaking, but most typically manifest a topological order known as a hidden string order on the 1D chain. Interestingly, the VBS models are based on mathematics analogous to fuzzy geometry. We review applications of the mathematics of fuzzy supergeometry in the construction of supersymmetric versions of VBS (SVBS) states and give a pedagogical introduction of SVBS models and their properties. As concrete examples, we present detailed analysis of supersymmetric versions of SU(2) and SO(5) VBS states, i.e., UOSp(N|2) and UOSp(N|4) SVBS states, whose mathematics are closely related to fuzzy two- and four-superspheres. The SVBS states are physically interpreted as hole-doped VBS states with a superconducting property that interpolates various VBS states, depending on the value of a hole-doping parameter. The parent Hamiltonians for SVBS states are explicitly constructed, and their gapped excitations are derived within the single-mode approximation on 1D SVBS chains. Prominent features of the SVBS chains are discussed in detail, such as a generalized string order parameter and entanglement spectra. It is realized that the entanglement spectra are at least doubly degenerate, regardless of the parity of bulk (super)spins. The stability of the topological phase with supersymmetry is discussed, with emphasis on its relation to particular edge (super)spin states.
Les modes d’historicisation
Authors: Auroux Sylvain
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT: To be an historian of Science is to be able to build chronologies and causal links, (the latter in fact is what distinguishes the historian from the historiographer who only tells stories, even though a narrative is an intrinsic explanatory structure); moreover to be an historian of Science is to be able to build representations and explanations.
Faune et flore des niveaux profonds de Shahi-Tump (Balochistan, Pakistan). Premiers résultats
Authors: Desse J. , Desse-Berset Nathalie , Henry Auréade , Tengberg Margareta , Besenval R.
Published: April 2013

At Shahi-Tump, a site excavated by the French Archaeological Mission to Makran (district of Kech-Makran, Baluchistan, Pakistan), the oldest occupational levels belong to an aceramic neolithic horizon. The first results obtained by the analysis of archaeozoological and archaeobotanical remains suggest nevertheless that we deal here with a phase immediately preceding the introduction of ceramics into this western part of Baluchistan. The exploitation of wild resources was of minor importance and the subsistence economy seems to have been mainly based on a limited number of domestic animal and plant species. This model is uncommon in the vast region stretching from eastern Iran to the Indus. The only other site that has provided remains of domestic animals and plants associated with aceramic neolithic levels is Mehrgarh. However, at this site, situated in a quite different biogeographical zone, wild animals constituted a significant part of the diet, while hunting never played an important role in the subsistence economy at Shahi-Tump. The rarity of aceramic deposits across this region justifi es the publication of the first results from Shahi-Tump even though this paper does not contain detailed information, most particularly morphometric data. These will be presented at length in a future monograph dedicated to the site.
Consanguineous mating, specialization, and the environment: How multiple variable interactions affect the evolution of dioecy
Authors: Sinclair Jordan P. , Maxwell Glenn D. , Freeman D. Carl
Published: April 2013

• Premise: The evolution of dioecy in plants is usually modeled as a consequence of self‐fertilization. While increased seed and pollen production and dispersal patterns of specialized unisexuals have been examined, mating among relatives and interaction effects have been largely ignored. Here, we examine multiple variables simultaneously providing a more ecologically realistic set of conditions favoring the evolution of dioecy.

• Methods: We developed two complementary models to explore the evolution of dioecious plants. In both models, we examined the effects of inbreeding, compensation, and specialization on unisexual invasibility and were able to directly measure the influence of related matings on such a system.

• Key results: Our results support previous studies indicating dispersal specialization, consanguineous mating, and inbreeding depression facilitate the evolution of dioecy. However, our results suggest that it is the interaction effect of multiple forces acting simultaneously that allows for unisexual invasion at thresholds and frequencies witnessed in nature. Additionally, our results suggest that subdioecious populations often result, and depending on population conditions, dioecy evolves at different rates, lending importance to the ecological and life history conditions of the species.

• Conclusion: Mating among relatives significantly enhances the invasibility of a unisexual mutant into a hermaphroditic population and lowers the levels of inbreeding depression required for invasion than previously reported conditions for unisexual invasion especially, if we consider multiple pressures simultaneously.
Gold-catalyzed oxycyclization of allenic carbamates: expeditious synthesis of 1,3-oxazin-2-ones
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Quirós M Teresa , Fernández Israel
Published: April 2013

A combined experimental and computational study on regioselective gold-catalyzed synthetic routes to 1,3-oxazinan-2-ones (kinetically controlled products) and 1,3-oxazin-2-one derivatives (thermodynamically favored) from easily accessible allenic carbamates has been carried out.
Quand le luxe devient une question économique : retour sur la querelle du luxe du 18e siècle
Authors: Diemer Arnaud
Published: April 2013

La condamnation ou l’apologie du luxe est une question classique et récurrente dans l’histoire des idées politiques et morales. De nos jours, elle continue de générer un ensemble d’émotions contradictoires. Afin de comprendre les tenants et aboutissants d’un tel débat, nous avons choisi de nous plonger dans l’histoire de la pensée économique, et plus précisément, dans la querelle du luxe qui est survenue durant le siècle des Lumières. Si le luxe est immoral, il n’est pas forcément détestable, il participe en effet à la circulation des richesses, au maintien d’une certaine industrie et à l’essor du commerce. Les prises de positions des philosophes (Mandeville, Condillac, Montesquieu, Hume, Rousseau) et des économistes (Melon, Quesnay, Smith, Say) semblent ainsi davantage refléter un changement de systèmes de valeurs (l’intérêt et l’utile supplantent le vice et la vertu) qu’un véritable procès des dépenses ostentatoires. Codes JEL : A11, A13, B11, B12, B30
Luxe, innovations et crise : les enseignements des économistes classiques
Authors: Ravix Joël Thomas
Published: April 2013

L’article montre que les analyses des économistes classiques peuvent servir de cadre théorique pour expliquer le rôle économique du luxe. En effet, l’approche classique trouve son origine dans le débat sur les implications politiques du développement du commerce et du luxe, qui marque le 18 e siècle, mais l’oriente vers une conception particulière qui associe le luxe à une sorte d’innovation sociale pour expliquer l’enrichissement des nations. Elle se structure ensuite, dans la première moitié du 19 e siècle, autour des liens entre luxe, innovation technique et crise économique. Codes JEL : B11, B12, O30
L'industrie du luxe et l'économie de la connaissance
Authors: Foray Dominique
Published: April 2013

Quelle est la place de l’industrie du luxe dans l’économie du savoir et quelle est sa contribution à la stratégie européenne de croissance fondée sur l’innovation et la connaissance (Europe 2020) ? Un des problèmes principaux que rencontre la plupart des pays européens réside dans leur difficulté à créer les conditions favorables à l’émergence d’innombrables systèmes d’innovation, à partir des éléments constitutifs des écologies du savoir (les organisations de recherche privées et publiques, les métiers créatifs, artisanaux et artistiques, les bureaux de conception et de style qui œuvrent à la création de connaissances nouvelles, technologiques, organisationnelles, artistiques, etc..). Pour différentes raisons (forme de la concurrence, nature positionnelle des biens, gouvernance économique, gestion des compétences), ce secteur crée une chimie particulière qui favorise la combinaison de multiples capacités de savoir pour innover. Il développe un espace économique favorable au sein duquel les éléments de différentes écologies du savoir se rencontrent pour mettre en œuvre de nombreux projets d’innovation. L’article conclut que la stratégie européenne 2020 ne sera pas possible sans la contribution des quelques secteurs qui excellent à identifier et valoriser certains éléments des écologies du savoir pour les mobiliser dans les systèmes d’innovation. Il importe donc d’identifier ces secteurs pour les placer au cœur de la politique industrielle et de l’innovation. Sans aucun doute, le secteur du luxe appartient à cette catégorie. Codes JEL : O30, O38, O52, E21
L'inexistence du luxe comme catégorie finie et unifiée : le classement hôtelier en France
Authors: Deschamps Marc
Published: April 2013

Le luxe a, en particulier en France, un poids économique important tant en terme de valeur ajoutée que d’emplois et fait à ce titre l’objet de l’attention des pouvoirs publics. Les Etats généraux de l’Industrie ont ainsi conduit à la création d’un comité stratégique de filière qui lui est consacré. Pourtant, derrière l’apparente simplicité du vocable de « luxe » se cache une étonnante complexité. L’objet de cet article consiste dès lors à soutenir qu’il n’est pas possible de définir le luxe comme une catégorie finie et unifiée, notamment car il existe toujours une pluralité de logiques en action. Afin de le démontrer, l’article présente la réforme récente du classement hôtelier en France et en particulier la discontinuité attachée à la catégorie « palace ». Codes JEL : K10, L15, L83
Biens de luxe et innovations en économie socialiste : le cas des habanos
Authors: Herrera Rémy
Published: April 2013

Cet article est consacré aux liaisons entre luxe et innovations dans le cadre d’une économie socialiste. Le cas des Habanos , cigares cubains haut de gamme, tout à fait singulier, en fournit l’application. Après une analyse des tendances majeures du secteur du tabac en général, et du tabac de grand luxe en particulier, dans le cas de Cuba, en première partie, l’accent est placé, dans une seconde partie, sur la coexistence de méthodes traditionnelles et des diverses formes d’innovations dans ce secteur. Ces innovations peuvent être d’ordre scientifique et technologique, ou bien liées aux processus de production ou aux produits. Codes JEL : O13, O31, P32, Q16.
Stratégies anti-contrefaçon des entreprises cosmétiques de luxe : accumulation versus valorisation du capital-savoir
Authors: Yacoub Nejla , Laperche Blandine
Published: April 2013

Dans les cosmétiques de luxe, la contrefaçon est préjudiciable aux entreprises, affectées en termes d’image et de profitabilité. Lutter contre elle est donc un enjeu économique important. Dans cet article, nous étudions l’efficacité de l’innovation technologique comme stratégie anti-contrefaçon. L’objectif est de déterminer dans quelle mesure l’accumulation du capital-savoir permet aux entreprises cosmétiques de faire face à la contrefaçon et à ses impacts négatifs. Appuyant notre recherche par des exemples de marques leaders, telles que Dior , Chanel ou Yves Saint Laurent , nous démontrons que l’accumulation du capital-savoir est largement employée comme stratégie anti-contrefaçon, en parallèle aux stratégies de valorisation du capital-savoir existant. Codes JEL : L20, L66, O32, O34
Le théâtre entre jeu et texte : une longue tradition scolaire jusqu'au XXI e siècle
Authors: Ferrier Béatrice
Published: April 2013

La réflexion porte sur les raisons pour lesquelles le genre théâtral semble toujours souffrir d’une dichotomie entre le jeu et le texte, alors même que les instances officielles et des travaux de recherche récents s’appuient sur cette hybridité dans le cadre de l’enseignement de la littérature. Partant de l’hypothèse que cette dichotomie ne débute pas avec la mise en place du jeu dramatique, dont il convient de relativiser le rôle, l’article décline, selon une démarche historique, l’évolution de l’enseignement du théâtre depuis ses origines. Il interroge ainsi l’articulation entre la pratique théâtrale et le texte jusqu’à l’apparition et à la théorisation du jeu dramatique au XX e siècle.
Le jeu dramatique en classe de cinquième : pour un renouvèlement de l'enseignement du théâtre ?
Authors: Ailloud-Nicolas Catherine
Published: April 2013

La réflexion proposée dans cet article s’appuie sur un corpus de manuels de cinquième qui s’intéressent aux nouveaux programmes. Tous se préoccupent d’enseigner le théâtre autrement, en particulier en prenant en compte le jeu et l’analyse de la représentation. Or cela pose un certain nombre de questions : i) Quelle articulation avec l’analyse littéraire ?, ii) Quelle conception du travail du comédien et du metteur en scène ? Les analyses concernant le collège seront aussi mises en perspective à partir d’études antérieures déjà conduites sur les manuels de lycée, le collège semblant poser d’autres problèmes didactiques spécifiques.
Quand l'enseignant et l'intervenant « théâtre » collaborent : une partition à écrire
Authors: Voltz Francine
Published: April 2013

Aborder le théâtre en tant que pratique artistique avec des élèves de primaire et de collège soulève inévitablement la question de la place du corps, qu’il s’agisse du corps professionnel engagé dans une dynamique conjointe et du corps comme lieu d’une expérience sensible et culturelle, vécue au sein du groupe que constitue la classe. À partir d’exemples de collaborations menées par des enseignants des premier et second degrés et des intervenants théâtre en milieu rural et urbain depuis plusieurs années, l’article articule leurs analyses à la compétence « culture humaniste » du Socle commun. Soulevant la complexité de ce processus, il tente aussi de dégager, chez les élèves, les « attitudes » susceptibles de s’en trouver développées et enrichies.
Méthode d'évaluation de la qualité des espaces publics dans un projet d'aménagement durable à Alger
Authors: Hadji Lydia
Published: April 2013

Cette contribution propose de définir une méthode d’évaluation de la qualité des espaces publics « QUEP » dans un projet d’aménagement, constituant un outil d’aide à la décision et à la conception, dans le cadre du développement durable. L’application de la méthode en phase intermédiaire sur un projet de pôle d’échanges à Alger, repose sur des critères et des indicateurs d’évaluation représentatifs de la qualité des espaces publics. Elle permet de mettre en lumière les défaillances et les qualités de ce projet au regard des exigences de la qualité des espaces publics.
Défauts de coordination au sein de l'élevage de bovidés à la Martinique : un test expérimental de terrain
Authors: Angeon Valérie , Magdalou Brice , Célimène Fred , Logossah Kinvi
Published: April 2013

Bien qu’en net recul, l’agriculture occupe une place singulière à la Martinique. Elle se caractérise par la prédominance de productions végétales (banane, canne-à-sucre), issues de systèmes de production orientés sur l’extérieur. En marge de ces cultures dites conventionnelles, les productions animales constituent dans ce territoire un vecteur de diversification de l’agriculture et de sécurisation des approvisionnements alimentaires. Elles présentent de ce point de vue un potentiel de développement. L’activité d’élevage demeure pourtant peu structurée et insuffisamment organisée, ce qui en pénalise l’essor. Après avoir analysé la qualité de la coordination entre acteurs parties prenantes des filières de bovidés, nous tentons, à partir d’un jeu expérimental, d’initier un processus d’apprentissage de dynamiques coopératives par les agents.
Infrastructure de transport et développement économique : quelles dynamiques d'appropriation par les acteurs productifs ? L'exemple de la filière céréalière autour du canal Seine-Nord Europe
Authors: Blanquart Corinne , Joignaux Guy , Vaillant Ludovic
Published: April 2013

L’article propose une piste pour renouveler l’analyse du lien entre infrastructures de transport et développement économique. Elle montre la diversité de sensibilité des firmes aux infrastructures, en fonction des modalités de coordination à l’œuvre au sein des systèmes productifs dans lesquels elles s’insèrent. Notre recherche vise à montrer en effet que les investissements en infrastructures auront une influence différenciée selon les modalités de coordination à l’œuvre et les ressorts sur lesquels elles s’appuient. L’influence des politiques d’investissement n’est donc ni homogène, ni uniforme. Nous illustrerons les possibilités d’influence du futur Canal Seine-Nord Europe à travers l’exemple des logiques productives des firmes de la filière céréalière.
Les conflits d'infrastructures en Ile de France. Des révélateurs des imperfections de la décision publique dans les espaces ruraux et périurbains
Authors: Pham Hai Vu , Kirat Thierry , Torre André
Published: April 2013

La région Ile-de-France connaît une pression foncière importante due aux besoins d’espaces urbanisables et à la nécessité d’infrastructures à destination de la métropole parisienne. Or, les marges de manœuvre pour la poursuite de l’artificialisation des sols et à la création d’aménagements urbains tendent à se réduire. L’article analyse les conflits d’infrastructures qui traversent la région et éclairer leur lien au processus de décision publique. L’étude empirique menée sur le contentieux montre que les conflits d’infrastructures sont essentiellement localisés dans les espaces périurbains, dans des communes dont la population est relativement aisée. Ils sont l’expression d’une prise de parole de groupes de riverains désireux de faire entendre leur opposition à des projets qui ne leur paraissent pas acceptables en l’état, mais également de la lutte entre intérêts liés à l’urbanisation et volonté de préservation de l’espace. Ces conflits mettent en évidence la complexité et les ambiguïtés du processus de décision publique.
Emergence de la concurrence dans les chemins de fer en Allemagne et en France : quels enseignements tirer de la thèse (1914) de Walter EUCKEN sur l'émergence de la concurrence dans le transport maritime au tournant du siècle dernier ?
Authors: Guihéry Laurent
Published: April 2013

Soutenue par l’Union Européenne, l’ouverture à la concurrence des chemins de fer en Europe a entraîné un environnement complexe où se mêlent des opérateurs historiques nationaux et des nouveaux entrants. Certains pays de l’Union, comme en Allemagne, accompagnent ces développements concurrentiels et sont même en avance. D’autres Etats membres expriment des difficultés pour mettre en œuvre ces réformes, comme par exemple en France. Il y a une centaine d’années, la thèse (1914) de W. Eucken, l’un des économistes allemands les plus influents, décrit la difficile émergence de la concurrence dans le transport maritime international, les jeux des acteurs nationaux, les cartels et les méthodes pour éliminer les nouveaux entrants. L’objectif de cet article est de tenter de tirer les enseignements de ce travail de jeunesse remarquable pour le transport maritime au début du XXème siècle et de suggérer un transfert pour comprendre les développements du transport ferroviaire aujourd’hui.