bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mortality from liver cirrhosis in Espírito Santo State, Brazil
Authors: Gonçalves Patricia Lofego , Gonçalves Carlos Sandoval , Pereira Fausto Edmundo Lima
Published: July 2014

To study mortality from liver cirrhosis in Espírito Santo State, Brazil, we reviewed death certificates (DC) from 2000-2010 and medical records of deceased patients with investigation of alcoholism and hepatitis B or C. From a total of 218,410 DC, 3,554 deaths from liver cirrhosis were retrieved. The annual mortality rate was 19.8/100,000 for men and 4.31/100,000 for women, without significant changes after correction for ICD-R98 and R99 and without a significant increase in the annual percentage change. In 49% of death certificates, the aetiology of cirrhosis was defined: of these alcoholism in 81.5% of cases and viral hepatitis in 15.7%. Aetiology was confirmed in 262 reviewed records, including alcoholism (40.5%); hepatitis B or C (26.7%); other (3.8%); and cryptogenic (10.6%). The mean annual potential years of life lost were 5,946 years and 1,739 years for men and women respectively. The mortality rate from cirrhosis in Espírito Santo State is intermediate in relationship to worldwide data; alcoholism and hepatitis B or C were the main aetiologies; probably alcoholism is overestimated and hepatitis B and C viruses are underestimated as causes of cirrhosis registered on death certificates.
Adaptação da versão saúde bucal do instrumento de diagnóstico do estágio de desenvolvimento da rede de atenção à saúde
Authors: Leal Daniele Lopes , Paiva Saul Martins , Werneck Marcos Azeredo Furquim , Oliveira Ana Cristina Borges de
Published: July 2014

A implantação de redes de atenção à saúde bucal é um processo recente e necessita de ser avaliado. Este estudo objetivou descrever as etapas de adaptação da versão saúde bucal de um instrumento para avaliar o estágio de desenvolvimento da rede de atenção à saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil. O instrumento original, denominado Instrumento de Diagnóstico do Estágio de Desenvolvimento da Rede de Atenção à Saúde, foi desenvolvido por Mendes (2011). Foi realizada a avaliação formal dos significados geral e referencial do instrumento original, chegando-se à versão adaptada. Para isso, o instrumento foi analisado por um comitê de especialistas da área em questão. A compreensão da versão adaptada foi avaliada em um pré-teste aplicado para 20 coordenadores municipais de saúde bucal de Minas Gerais. Constatou-se uma boa equivalência conceitual, funcional, de itens, semântica e operacional entre os instrumentos. A versão saúde bucal foi bem compreendida, apresentando-se adequada para ser testada quanto às suas propriedades psicométricas. Essa etapa se encontra em fase de conclusão.
Reflections on intervention strategies with respect to the process of alcoholization and self-care practices among Kaingang indigenous people in Santa Catarina State, Brazil
Authors: Ghiggi Junior Ari , Langdon Esther Jean
Published: July 2014

This article, based on ethnographic research on the Xapecó Indigenous Reservation in Santa Catarina State, Brazil, examines the sociocultural context of the use of alcoholic beverages among the Kaingang indigenous people. The authors also discuss the experience with an intervention involving government agencies and nongovernmental organizations that attempted to deal with alcohol-related problems on the reserve. Based on the concepts of alcoholization and self-care practices, the study analyzes the possibilities for organizing health intervention practices with indigenous peoples, in light of the principle of differentiated care under Brazil’s National Healthcare Policy for Indigenous Peoples.
Impacto de la reforma en la legislación sobre consumo de alcohol y conducción en Guadalajara y Zapopan, Jalisco, México: una mirada en el corto plazo
Authors: Gómez-García Lourdes , Pérez-Núñez Ricardo , Hidalgo-Solórzano Elisa
Published: July 2014

Los municipios de Guadalajara y Zapopan, Jalisco, México, han participado en los esfuerzos para reducir la incidencia de las lesiones causadas por el tránsito a lo largo de los años. Así, han sido partícipes de la Iniciativa Mexicana de Seguridad Vial desde 2008, y en septiembre de 2010 entró en vigor la reducción del límite legal de alcoholemia para conducir vehículos de motor. Con el fin de evaluar el impacto en el corto plazo de estas dos acciones en la ocurrencia de colisiones y lesiones, relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol, así como la gravedad de las mismas, se realizó un análisis secundario de las bases de datos oficiales de mortalidad, morbilidad y eventos viales. Se realizó un análisis de series de tiempo, con el objetivo de analizar la tendencia. Se observaron cambios significativos en el porcentaje mensual de muertes asociadas con alcohol y en la tasa de choques a partir de la aplicación de estas intervenciones. Se realizan diversas recomendaciones para mejorar la aplicación y resultados de esta reforma.
Conhecimento e voluntariedade para participação em pesquisas: um estudo descritivo com participantes de um ensaio clínico
Authors: Lobato Lucas , Gazzinelli Maria Flávia , Gazzinelli Andréa , Soares Amanda Nathale
Published: July 2014

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o conhecimento sobre as informações do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) e a voluntariedade de participantes de um ensaio clínico. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, realizado em novembro de 2011 com participantes de um ensaio clínico realizado em Americaninhas, no Nordeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Amostra por conveniência, com 143 adultos de 18 a 45 anos, de ambos os sexos. Utilizou-se um questionário estruturado, aplicado uma semana após a assinatura do TCLE. A maioria dos participantes do ensaio clínico assinou o TCLE sem o conhecimento suficiente das informações da pesquisa, e sofreu influência em sua decisão de participar do ensaio clínico. Concluímos que a assinatura do TCLE não garante a expressão da autonomia de todos os participantes de pesquisa clínica.
Avaliação da equivalência semântica da versão em português (Brasil) da Online Cognition Scale
Authors: Silva Hugo Rafael de Souza e , Areco Kelsy Catherina Nema , Bandiera-Paiva Paulo , Galvão Pauliana Valéria Machado , Garcia Analia Nusya de Medeiros , Silveira Dartiu Xavier da
Published: July 2014

Este estudo teve por objetivo realizar a avaliação da equivalência semântica da Online Cognition Scale para o português (Brasil). O processo consistiu em cinco etapas: tradução; retrotradução; revisão técnica e avaliação da equivalência semântica por profissionais capacitados; avaliação do instrumento quanto à compreensão verbal por uma amostra de profissionais (n = 10) e estudantes (n = 37). O instrumento foi traduzido e adaptado para o português, apresentando, ao final, excelente nível de compreensão verbal pela população alvo. A versão do instrumento adaptada para uso em nosso meio resultou em um instrumento equivalente do ponto de vista da equivalência semântica e de conteúdo, estando pronto para iniciar o estudo de suas qualidades psicométricas no contexto cultural brasileiro.
Ratings of perceived exertion at anaerobic threshold in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Forti Meire , Zamunér Antonio Roberto , Kunz Vandeni Clarice , Salviati Mariana Rodrigues , Nery Tarcísio Augusto Gonçalves , Silva Ester da
Published: July 2014

The study aimed to identify and compare the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) in healthy subjects and patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 30 male subjects took part in the study and were divided into three groups: a control group (CG) composed of 10 healthy participants; a group composed of 10 participants diagnosed with CAD beta-blocker user (G-DACb); and a group composed of 10 participants with CAD non-beta-blocker user (G-DAC). The participants performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) with continuous type ramp protocol to determine the VAT, through the visual graphical analysis (loss of parallelism between the oxygen uptake and the carbon dioxide output). During CPET, before the end of each one-minute period, the subjects were asked to rate dyspnea (RPE-D) and leg fatigue (RPE-L) on the Borg CR-10 scale. After the VAT was determined, the score that the participants gave on the Borg CR10 scale was verified. CG participants showed higher workload, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, ventilation and heart rate at the VAT compared to the G-DAC and G-DACb (p<0.05). However, regarding the RPE-L and the RPE-D, no significant difference between the groups were observed (p<0.05). Values between five and six on Borg CR-10 scale matched the VAT in the subjects studied. However, other parameters must be concomitantly used for prescribing exercise intensity in physical training protocols, at levels close to the VAT for patients with CAD.
The professionals' perceptions about the MOVE(r) curriculum approach
Authors: Reis Carolina Trombeta , Nobre Maria Inês Rubo de Souza
Published: July 2014

Classically, in Brazil, children with severe neurological impairment have been submitted to intervention methods focused on the improvement of the overall development in controlled clinical environments. However, it has been questioned if the isolated clinical treatment results in important gains in the child's performance in various environments (home, school, community). The Mobility Opportunities Via Education (MOVE(r)) program is a functional approach designed to assess and treat children with severe disabilities. The objective of this study was to understand the perception of the teachers and assistants regarding the MOVE(r) approach in a special education school in the city of Paulínia (SP). This research is a result of a qualitative case study conducted by using semi-structured interviews and categorical data analysis. With the application of the MOVE(r) program in the school, the professionals started having a more human view while taking care of the patients. The importance of motor learning in natural environments, more motivation in the children and improvement in their motor development were emphasized. MOVE(r) was efficient in the perception of the professionals, favoring more motivation in the children and a more human approach with children with motor disabilities.
Comparison of postural balance between professional tae kwon do athletes and young adults
Authors: Rabello Lucas Maciel , Macedo Christiane de Souza Guerino , Gil André Wilson , Oliveira Marcio Rogério de , Coelho Vinícius Arantes , Silva Gustavo Balthazzar , Silva Jr. Rubens Alexandre da
Published: July 2014

This study aimed to compare the postural balance of professional tae kwon do athletes with a non-tae kwon do adult group. Nineteen participants (nine tae kwon do practitioners and ten non-tae kwon do practitioners) were tested. To measure the postural sway, a force platform was used and the equipment recorded the main parameters: area of center of pressure; mean frequency, and velocity of center of pressure for both anteroposterior and mediolateral directions were measured for all participants. Before starting the assessment, the subjects received instructions and performed familiarization with the equipment and protocol. Participants were instructed to carry out three balance tests on a single-leg stance position with eyes opened. Values obtained in the postural assessment of professional athletes with the force platform were lower for all parameters compared to non-practitioners, except the frequency of center of pressure in the mediolateral direction. However, a significant difference (p=0.021) between the groups was found only in the center of pressure velocity parameter in the anteroposterior direction. These results have any implications on sport rehabilitation programs for balance assessments in athletes.
The profile of spinal injuries in the elderly population
Authors: Teixeira Glaciéle de Oliveira , Oliveira Thais Fonseca de , Frison Verônica Baptista , Resende Thais de Lima
Published: July 2014

This retrospective cross-sectional study sought to: describe the profile of the elderly population who suffered spinal injury (SI) between 2005 and 2010 in Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil; compare the trauma mechanism and type of SI prevalence in both sexes; and compare the trauma mechanism in the sample's age groups. To this end, medical records were reviewed for the following data: age, sex, main mechanisms of injury and spinal levels affected. Out of 1.320 records analyzed, 370 belonged to elderly subjects, 58.6% women (73.07±8.52 years) and 41.4% men (69.4±7.5 years). The most prevalent SI mechanisms were falls from own height (37.7%), height (24.3%) and unspecified (20.1%). The most affected vertebral levels were L1 (30.0%), T12 (16.2%) and L2 (11.9%). Only 26 (7%) individuals who had SI suffered a spinal cord lesion, with a higher prevalence of incomplete lesion (82.6%). No significant association was detected between the occurrence of SI and its type or sex. In the time and region investigated, the SI profile in the elderly can be described as: women over 70, who suffered a fall from their own height, injuring mainly the lumbar region. Elderly men and women were equally affected by SI without spinal cord lesion. Falls from height predominated in those aged 60-69, whereas falls from own height were commonest among those aged 70 and over.
Effects of physical exercise on articular range of motion of the lower limb in the Parkinson's disease individuals
Authors: Barbieri Fabio Augusto , Batistela Rosangela Alice , Rinaldi Natália Madalena , Teixeira-Arroyo Claudia , Stella Florindo , Gobbi Lilian Teresa Bucken
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight months of a multimodal program of physical exercise on articular range of motion of the lower limb of patients with Parkinson disease (PD), considering gender and disease stage. Seventeen individuals with PD participated in this study. Participants were assessed before of multimodal program of the physical exercise and after four and eight months of physical exercise. In these periods were evaluated the clinical aspects and articular range of motion of the lower limb. For statistical analysis, patients were distributed according to gender and disease stage. A MANOVA considering exercise, gender and stage of disease, with repeated measures for the first factor, was performed. The clinical results showed regression of disease progression, indicating cognitive decline for women. The articular range of motion improved after four and eight months of physical exercise, especially for the hip and ankle, independent of gender and stage of PD. It was concluded that the multimodal exercise program of the eight months was effective in improving articular range of motion in patients with PD. The benefits of exercise for this physical capacity were independent of gender and severity of PD.
Healthcare practices for users suffering from violence: from invisibility to comprehensive (un)care
Authors: Guzzo Patrícia Caprini , Costa Marta Cocco da , Silva Ethel Bastos da , Jahn Alice do Carmo
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate practices of health professionals for users undergoing violence from perspective of comprehensive care. This study was based on a qualitative and descriptive research on graduate-level and technical health professionals who work in the Family Health Strategy programme in a northeastern municipality of Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic mode. Results showed that these professionals do not utilize comprehensiveness to guide their care practices with users undergoing violence. Instead, they still work according to the biomedical model in which intervention is based on referring care to other sectors and the treatment plan. The study highlights the need for more appropriation and further discussion on practices regarding violence guided by the principle of comprehensiveness within the Family Healthcare team.
Playful intervention with chronically-ill children: promoting coping
Authors: Moura Flávia Moura de , Costa Júnior Áderson Luiz , Dantas Meryeli Santos de Araújo , Araújo Gilvan da Cruz Barbosa , Collet Neusa
Published: July 2014

Chronic diseases can adversely affect the development process of children. This qualitative, action-research study had the aim to analyze the effects of activities in the manual "Como Hóspede no Hospital" (As a patient in the hospital) on the coping process of children with chronic diseases. Study participants included six children and adolescents aged seven to 13 years, who suffered from a chronic disease. Data were collected in the pediatric clinic of a public hospital in the Brazilian state of Paraíba, through participant observation and individual sessions with activities from the manual. Data interpretation followed the principles of thematic analysis. The activities from the manual encouraged participants' search for information about their disease and treatment, and increased their interest and participation in their health care process, thereby contributing to better coping. The study points to the need for comprehensive care for children with chronic diseases.
Nursing care systems and complex thought in nursing education: document analysis
Authors: Silva Josilaine Porfírio da , Garanhani Mara Lucia , Guariente Maria Helena Dantas de Menezes
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study was to analyse the inclusion of the subject Nursing Care Systems (NCS) in nursing education. This study was based on qualitative desk research and it was conducted in a nursing programme in southern Brazil that offers an integrated curriculum with NCS as a cross-cutting theme. Data were collected from September to December 2012, by examining 15 planning and development workbooks on the cross-disciplinary modules of the programme. Analysis was divided into four stages: exploratory, selective, analytic and interpretive reading. The adopted theoretical framework was Complex Thought of Edgar Morin, according to the principles of relevant knowledge. Results were arranged into two categories: NCS as a crosscutting theme in nursing education: the context, the global and the multidimensional; and strategies for teaching, learning and assessment of NCS: the complex. The study contributes to the debate on the importance of teaching NCS as a crosscutting theme in nursing education.
Factors associated to the length of time on mechanical ventilation in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery
Authors: Fonseca Laura , Vieira Fernando Nataniel , Azzolin Karina De Oliveira
Published: July 2014

Our objective was to identify factors associated with the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) postoperative to cardiac surgery and assess the association between duration of endotracheal intubation, length of stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and hospital. Longitudinal, retrospective study of medical records of 116 adults undergoing cardiac surgery from March 2012 to May 2013. The mean age was 57±14 years, predominantly male and coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (52.6%). The MV time was 15.25(7.66 to 23.68) hours. Associated with longer MV was the age (r=0.5,p<0.001), comorbidities (r=0.344,p<0.001), cardiopulmonary bypass time (r=0.244,p=0.008), duration of continuous sedation (r=0.607,p<0.001), sedative doses (r=0.4, p<0.001), time of vasoconstrictors and vasodilators (r=0.711, p< 0.001, r=0.368, p<0.001), drainage of the 1st time (r=0.201, p<0.031), presence of drains (r=0.445, p<0.001), postoperative complications (r=0.524, p< 0.001) and hospital stay. Our data confirms that both preoperative, transoperative and postoperative variables prolong the VM and therefore the hospital stay.
Characterization of brazilian wheat cultivars in terms of nitrogen use efficiency
Authors: Silva Cristiano Lemes da , Benin Giovani , Bornhofen Elesandro , Todeschini Matheus Henrique , Dallo Samuel Cristian , Sassi Luiz Henrique Scarparo
Published: July 2014

Nitrogen (N) management in wheat crop is one of the most studied agricultural practices in Brazil; however, there are few reports on its use efficiency. The objective of this study was to characterize 18 Brazilian wheat cultivars, which are representative and have been recently released to cultivation, for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The experiments were carried out in Pato Branco, Paraná, and Coxilha, Rio Grande do Sul, during the 2011 crop season. It was used a randomized block design with three replications, in factorial scheme (2 environments × 18 cultivars). Genetic variability was observed for nitrogen utilization efficiency by grains (NUtEg=47.6 to 81.1 kg kg-1) and nitrogen harvest index (NHI=71.3 to 84.6%) with significant effects relating to the environment of cultivation and performance of these traits. The evaluation of the protein concentration of grain by near infrared spectrometry (GPC N) produced equivalent results to the direct analytical method of Kjeldahl (GPC K), in Pato Branco (r=0.56) and Coxilha (RS) (r=0.80). However the CPG N overestimated the protein values by 16.85%. The GPC and protein yield were positively correlated with NUtEg and NHI. The best performance for the traits associated with NUE was observed for the following cultivars: Mirante, Quartzo, Fundacep Cristalino, Fundacep Raízes and CD 150. This is the first report of differences between Brazilian wheat cultivars for nitrogen use efficiency.
Root system distribution and yield of 'Conilon' coffee propagated by seeds or cuttings
Authors: Partelli Fábio Luiz , Covre André Monzoli , Oliveira Marcos Goes , Alexandre Rodrigo Sobreira , Vitória Edney Leandro da , Silva Marcelo Barreto da
Published: July 2014

The objective of this work was to evaluate the root system distribution and the yield of 'Conilon' coffee (Coffea canephora) propagated by seeds or cuttings. The experiment was carried out with 2x1 m spacing, in an Oxisol with sandy clay loam texture. A randomized complete block design was used, following a 2x9x6 factorial arrangement, with two propagation methods (seeds and cuttings), nine sampling spacings (0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.75, and 0.90 m between rows, and 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 between plants within rows), six soil depths (0.10-0.20, 0.20-0.30, 0.30-0.40, 0.40-0.50, and 0.50-0.60 m), and six replicates. Soil cores (27 cm3) with roots were taken from 12 experimental units, 146 months after planting. The surface area of the root system and root diameter, length, and volume were assessed for 13 years and, then, correlated with grain yield. The highest fine root concentration occurred at the superficial soil layers. The variables used to characterize the root system did not differ between propagation methods. Moreover, no differences were observed for net photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentrations, and instantaneous water-use efficiency in the leaves. Cutting-propagated plants were more productive than seed-propagated ones.
Desempenho agronômico e ganho genético pela seleção de pinhão-manso em três regiões do Brasil
Authors: Laviola Bruno Galvêas , Silva Sergio Delmar dos Anjos e , Juhász Ana Cristina Pinto , Rocha Rodrigo Barros , Oliveira Reriton Joabél Pires de , Albrecht Julio Cesar , Alves Alexandre Alonso , Rosado Tatiana Barbosa
Published: July 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico e o ganho genético pela seleção de famílias de meio-irmãos de pinhão-manso, cultivado em três regiões do Brasil. A partir de seleção fenotípica prévia, foram instalados três testes de progênies, em 2008, nos municípios de Planaltina, DF, Nova Porteirinha, MG, e Pelotas, RS. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. Como testemunha, foram utilizadas sementes, colhidas ao acaso, de uma população sem seleção. Houve interação significativa entre os efeitos de genótipos por ambientes. As estimativas dos componentes de variância e dos parâmetros genéticos indicaram que é possível obter ganhos com a seleção das melhores famílias, nos ambientes avaliados. Em cada ambiente, ao menos uma família foi selecionada com desempenho superior ao tratamento-controle. O ganho genético médio, obtido pela seleção massal nos três ambientes, foi de 72%. Observou-se alto coeficiente de correlação entre os ambientes de Planaltina e Nova Porteirinha, quanto ao desempenho agronômico, o que não se repetiu no Município de Pelotas. A interação genótipo x ambiente deve ser considerada na recomendação de materiais genéticos de pinhão-manso para ambientes distintos.
Otimização da análise da atividade da redutase do nitrato e sua caracterização em folhas de cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Santos Carlos Leandro Rodrigues dos , Cazetta Jairo Osvaldo , Saran Luciana Maria , Sanches Adhemar
Published: July 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi padronizar e caracterizar as condições para determinação da atividade da redutase do nitrato em tecido foliar de cana-de-açúcar, com uso do método in vivo. Amostras foliares foram coletadas de uma lavoura de primeira soqueira da cultivar IACSP 933046, com idade de seis meses. Foram estudadas diferentes condições de preparo das amostras foliares e do meio de incubação. O material que possibilitou a maior atividade da redutase do nitrato foi obtido pela amostragem de 25 discos de 1 cm de diâmetro, coletados às 13h, do centro da folha do tipo +1 sem nervura. O meio de incubação otimizado para a determinação da atividade dessa enzima em folhas de cana-de-açúcar deve ser composto por: 2,5 mL de KNO3 300 mmol L-1; 2,5 mL de tampão fosfato 285 mmol L-1 pH 7,3; 1,0 mL de Tween 20 a 0,6% (v/v); e 4,0 mL de água deionizada. A maior atividade da redutase do nitrato é obtida pela incubação das amostras por 90 min, a 32ºC, no escuro; é observada em plantas jovens formadas pela brotação da soqueira; e alcança o valor mínimo na fase de maturação das plantas.
Memorias escolares en contextos de crisis: reflexiones educativas sobre momentos significativos de la historia Argentina en el contexto del bicentenario
Authors: Tranier Joé Alberto
Published: July 2014

El presente artículo intentará llevar adelante una revisación crítica de ciertos momentos claves que incidieron en el rumbo y accionar de la vida pedagógica y educativa en nuestro país. Para tal fin, habremos de trabajar a partir de algunos relatos actuales provenientes de personas que transitaron diferentes momentos de nuestra historia en la escuela primaria: bajo la dictadura de la década del 1970; bajo el primer gobierno peronista; y tras la crisis del 2001. De esta manera, relatos y memorias mediarán de hilo conductor de nuestra trama argumentativa haciendo especial referencia en primer lugar a la educación y la dictadura; en segundo, a la escuela y el Peronismo, para luego finalizar haciendo alusión a la educación y la crisis del 2001; ya que, algo que quizá podamos ir adelantando, es que el núcleo fuerte común de todos aquellos relatos es que, aún al día de hoy, se resisten a estar ausentes o caer en el olvido.
O cinema, a educação e a construção de um imaginário social contemporâneo
Authors: Pires Maria da Conceição Francisca , Silva Sergio Luiz Pereira da
Published: July 2014

A partir das contribuições filosóficas sobre o cinema e sua interferência na construção de imaginários sociais coletivos, buscamos nesse artigo desenvolver uma reflexão sobre o uso didático do cinema. A partir da constatação da necessidade do desenvolvimento de uma análise visual crítica das imagens, discutimos as possibilidades existentes para a efetivação dessa mirada crítica e como esta pode contribuir de forma significativa para a promoção de uma ação pedagógica antenada com as questões referentes ao sujeito contemporâneo e suas subjetivações.
Antropologia multissituada e a questão da escala: reflexões com base no estudo da cooperação sul-sul brasileira
Authors: Cesarino Letícia
Published: July 2014

Como a antropologia pode abordar fenômenos transnacionais, dado que seu método e o tipo de conhecimento construído a partir dele foram originalmente estruturados com base no estudo de pequenas comunidades locais? O artigo tratará do trânsito entre escalas micro e macro a partir de uma das vertentes (meta)teóricas que tem sido propostas desde a "virada interpretativa" nos anos 1980, inspirada na obra de Marilyn Strathern. Essa perspectiva, baseada no primado da relacionalidade e da reflexividade entre as duas faces do ofício do antropólogo (trabalho de campo e escrita etnográfica), aborda operações de produção de conhecimento rotineiramente empregadas tanto pelos antropólogos quanto por seus "nativos", envolvendo o acionamento de escalas, contextos, domínios e analogias. O artigo buscará operacionalizar esse instrumental analítico no caso da cooperação Sul-Sul brasileira com o continente africano, entendida enquanto composição (assemblage) emergente marcada por esforços de produção de contexto e busca de robustez relacional.
Culturas morais e políticas de desenvolvimento na noruega e na união europeia
Authors: Barroso Maria Macedo , Nicaise Natacha
Published: July 2014

A partir de um diálogo entre os casos da Noruega e da União Europeia, pretendemos analisar a combinação de diferentes fatores e escalas de processos sociais (individuais, institucionais e de unidades políticas nacionais e supranacionais), estruturantes na formação dos sentidos sociais do desenvolvimento, notadamente das relações entre princípios morais e trocas interessadas, constitutivas das "culturas morais" dos universos analisados. Na perspectiva dos indivíduos, observaremos pela lente do caso da UE as motivações, vocações e histórias de vida dos "profissionais do desenvolvimento", bem como as razões da adesão da opinião pública às ações de cooperação internacional. Na escala institucional, abordaremos, nos dois casos, os modelos político-administrativos utilizados pela burocracia do desenvolvimento, e as lógicas dos diferentes grupos organizados para disputar seus recursos, no caso da Noruega. Na dimensão dos Estados, analisaremos a lógica das políticas nacionais e internacionais sob as quais são negociadas as intervenções de cooperação bilateral e/ou multilaterais tanto na Noruega quanto na UE.
Aplicação de dejeto líquido de suínos e manejo do solo na sucessão aveia/milho
Authors: Pinto Marlo Adriano Bison , Fabbris Cristiano , Basso Claudir José , Santi Antônio Luis , Girotto Eduardo
Published: July 2014

A produção de suínos no Sul do Brasil concentra-se em pequenas propriedades rurais, que buscam o aproveitamento dos resíduos como fonte de nutrientes às culturas agrícolas de interesse econômico. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o uso de dejeto líquido de suínos, associado a manejos de solo, na sucessão aveia/milho. O experimento foi conduzido nos anos agrícolas 2009/2010 e 2010/2011, em Taquaruçu do Sul (RS). O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da interação de doses de dejeto líquido de suínos (sem dejeto, 20 m³ ha-1, 40 m³ ha-1 e 80 m³ ha-1) e adubação mineral, em três manejos de solo (plantio direto, escarificação e escarificação + gradagem). A aplicação de dejeto líquido de suínos na sucessão aveia/milho promoveu incrementos na produção de matéria seca e na produtividade de grãos. A dose de 80 m³ ha-1 apresentou resposta estatisticamente igual à adubação mineral recomendada para o milho. A interação entre a dose de 80 m³ ha-1 e a incorporação imediata do dejeto ao solo implicou na diminuição das perdas de N por volatilização de amônia, promovendo incremento significativo na produtividade de grãos de milho, quando cultivado em solo de textura argilosa.
Intercropping of soybean cultivars with Urochloa
Authors: Franchini Julio Cezar , Junior Alvadi Antonio Balbinot , Debiasi Henrique , Procópio Sergio de Oliveira
Published: July 2014

The integrated crop-livestock system is a key strategy for both grain and livestock production. The cultivation of grass species in between two soybean cropping seasons has been an important component of this system, in Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the yield of glyphosate-resistant soybean cultivars intercropped with Urochloa species, under different forage management systems. A total of six experiments, consisting of three soybean cultivars (BRS 295 RR, BRS 316 RR, and BRS 294 RR) and two grass species (Urochloa ruziziensis and Urochloa brizantha), were established. For each experiment, four treatments (soybean only; grass only; soybean intercropped with a grass species, with the application of glyphosate to decrease the growth of grass; and soybean intercropped with a grass species, without growth suppression) were evaluated in a completely randomized experimental design, with four replications. For each experiment, only one soybean cultivar and one grass species were used. The grasses were sown in the soybean inter-rows at 27 days after sowing (DAS), while the glyphosate application to the treatment with grass suppression was performed at 84 DAS for the soybean or 57 DAS for the grasses. The yields of the three soybean cultivars were not significantly affected by either grass species, even though the shoot dry-matter yields for both of the intercropped grass species were high, though lower than the values obtained without the interference imposed by soybean.
Genótipos de trigo em diferentes densidades de semeadura
Authors: Tavares Luís César Vieira , Foloni José Salvador Simoneti , Bassoi Manoel Carlos , Prete Cássio Egídio Cavenaghi
Published: July 2014

A capacidade de perfilhamento em trigo define os componentes de rendimento e a produtividade, sendo afetada pela densidade de semeadura. Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar genótipos de trigo cultivados em diferentes densidades de semeadura, em Londrina e Ponta Grossa (PR), nos anos de 2009 e 2010. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados os aspectos agronômicos de três genótipos de trigo (PF 014384, BRS Tangará e BRS Pardela), nas densidades de semeadura de 150 pl m-2, 250 pl m-2, 350 pl m-2 e 450 pl m-2. Em Londrina, a máxima produtividade foi obtida em densidade próxima a 270 pl m-2, enquanto, em Ponta Grossa (2009), houve ajuste linear. Não ocorreu ajuste para altura de plantas, devido à densidade de semeadura. O número de espigas por área (espigas m-2) foi superior em Ponta Grossa (2009) e não diferiu entre os locais, em 2010. Em Ponta Grossa (2010), a maior massa de mil sementes estimada foi na densidade de 341 pl m-2 e, em Londrina (2010), nas densidades de 150 pl m-2 e 450 pl m-2. A densidade de semeadura influenciou na produtividade de grãos, dependendo do local e ano. Em Londrina, houve limite, quanto à densidade de semeadura, para a produtividade. A massa de mil sementes foi influenciada pela densidade de semeadura, dependendo do ano e local. A altura de plantas foi afetada pelo genótipo e local de cultivo.
Produção e qualidade de frutos de clones de videira 'Concord' sobre diferentes porta-enxertos
Authors: Borges Rogério de Sá , Roberto Sergio Ruffo , Yamashita Fabio , Assis Adriane Marinho de , Yamamotoi Lilian Yukari
Published: July 2014

Dentre as tradicionais cultivares utilizadas na elaboração de suco de uva, a 'Concord' tem se destacado pelo bom aroma e sabor que confere ao suco. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a produção e qualidade dos frutos de seis clones de videira 'Concord'('22', '28', '49', '202', '211'e '225'), sobre três portaenxertos ('IAC 766', 'IAC 572' e '420-A'). O experimento foi realizado em Rolândia (PR), em esquema fatorial 6x3 (clones x porta-enxertos), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições e parcelas subdivididas em duas safras (2009/2010 e 2010/2011). As plantas foram conduzidas em sistema de pérgula, no espaçamento de 4,0 m x 2,0 m. O clone '22' sobre o 'IAC 766' destacou-se com médias superiores de produção, produtividade e número de cachos por planta, bem como menor acidez titulável (AT). O clone '211' sobre o 'IAC 572' apresentou menor AT e médias superiores para número de cachos por planta, teor de sólidos solúveis (SS) e relação SS/AT. O porta-enxerto '420-A' proporcionou aos clones de 'Concord' maiores teores de SS e maior relação SS/AT.
Ocorrência de Alternaria alternata (Fr.:Fr.) Keissl. em tubérculos de batata, no Brasil
Authors: Vasconcelos Camila Vilela , Silva Diana Cristina da , Carvalho Daniel Diego Costa
Published: July 2014

A Alternaria alternata já foi isolada a partir de folhas de batata, no Brasil, entretanto, não há relatos sobre a ocorrência deste fungo em tubérculos de batata. Este trabalho objetivou confirmar a ocorrência de A. alternata em lesões presentes em tubérculos de batata. Para tanto, as lesões dos tubérculos atacados foram examinadas em estereomicroscópio, para a confecção de lâminas microscópicas semipermanentes, mediante a remoção de micélio e estruturas fúngicas encontradas sobre o tecido vegetal infectado. Os conídios apresentaram dimensões de 19,7-45,4 x 8,5-18,6 µm (28,3 x 12,5 µm) e formato de pera invertida, com coloração marrom clara e 2-6 (4) septos transversais e 1-5 (2) longitudinais, e as dimensões dos bicos dos conídios foram de 2,6-11,9 µm (4,4 µm). Estas características discriminaram o fungo como A. alternata.
Biotic resistance, disturbance, and mode of colonization impact the invasion of a widespread, introduced wetland grass
Authors: Kettenring Karin M. , Whigham Dennis F. , Hazelton Eric L. G. , Gallagher Sally K. , Weiner Heather M.
Published: July 2014

Disturbance and biotic resistance are important factors driving plant invasions, but how these factors interact for plants with different modes of colonization (i.e., sexual and asexual) is unclear. We evaluated factors influencing the invasion of nonnative Phragmites australis, which has been rapidly expanding in brackish tidal wetlands in Chesapeake Bay. We conducted a survey of naturally occurring small‐scale disturbances (removal of vegetation and/or sediment deposition) across four plant communities; determined the effects of small‐scale disturbance and biotic resistance on P. australis seedling and rhizome emergence; and tested the effects of size and frequency of small‐scale disturbances on seedling emergence and survival of transplanted seedlings. The results of our study demonstrate that the invasion window for seeds is in disturbed areas in high‐marsh plant communities that flood less frequently; seedling emergence in undisturbed areas was negligible. Establishment of shoots from rhizome segments was low in all plant communities. Disturbance size and frequency had no significant impact on seed germination and seedling survival. Our findings provide evidence that small‐scale within‐wetland disturbances are important for the invasion of the nonnative lineage of P. australis by seeds in brackish tidal wetlands in Chesapeake Bay. Efforts to reduce disturbances, large and small, in wetlands can be used to limit P. australis invasion by seed, but invasion by rhizome is still likely to occur across many plant communities irrespective of the presence of disturbance.
An analysis of domestic water management performance across regions in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yi-Tui , Chen Chung-Chiang
Published: July 2014

This study presents an indicator to measure the performance of domestic water management that focuses on raw water consumption and sewage treatment by using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique. The data are extracted from twenty-two counties/cities in Taiwan covering the period of 2009–2011, and eventually sixty-six observations are obtained. We compare the management performance between urban and rural regions and examine the factor that affects the performance variation by using the Tobit regression. The results find that a spatial inequality exists across urban regions and rural regions. The analysis results derived from the Tobit model find that the extent rate of sewerage systems, the volunteer participation rate and the education level play significant roles in affecting management performance. An increase in each per cent of the extent rate of sewerage systems, public participation and high-level educated citizens may lead to an increase of management performance by 0.37339%, 0.9543% and 0.9756%, respectively.
A regional competitive water resources security evaluation model based on Nash equilibrium restrictions
Authors: Zhu Yong-nan , Li Lei
Published: July 2014

Traditional water security evaluation methods usually use a unified weight to compose index values, which cannot fully reflect the weight preferences of each of the assessor objects themselves. A regional competitive water resources security evaluation model based on the restrictions of the Nash equilibrium as a binding condition of the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method was established to get a competitive weight. Using a genetic algorithm optimization method to iteratively solve this model, the process of competition and coordination among regional water resources security evaluation objects can be simulated. Each evaluation object can then be given a competitive weight that maximizes its own advantages while the other evaluation objects are also given consideration. The competitive evaluation model was used to evaluate water resources security in 11 administrative regions in the Shanxi province of China. The evaluation results show that the new method can simulate the coordinated process of the advantages of each region and are more reasonable than traditional evaluation methods.
Water crisis: the metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, regional water supply conflict
Authors: Missimer Thomas M. , Danser Philip A. , Amy Gary , Pankratz Thomas
Published: July 2014

Many large population centres are currently facing considerable difficulties with planning issues to secure future water supplies, as a result of water allocation and environmental issues, litigation, and political dogma. A classic case occurs in the metropolitan Atlanta area, which is a rapidly growing, large population centre that relies solely on surface water for supply. Lake Lanier currently supplies about 70% of the water demand and has been involved in a protracted legal dispute for more than two decades. Drought and environmental management of the reservoir combined to create a water shortage which nearly caused a disaster to the region in 2007 (only about 35 days of water supply was in reserve). While the region has made progress in controlling water demand by implementing a conservation plan, per capita use projections are still very high (at 511 L/day in 2035). Both non-potable reuse and indirect reuse of treated wastewater are contained in the most current water supply plan with up to 380,000 m3/day of wastewater treated using advanced wastewater treatment (nutrient removal) to be discharged into Lake Lanier. The water supply plan, however, includes no additional or new supply sources and has deleted any reference to the use of seawater desalination or other potential water sources which would provide diversification, thereby relying solely on the Coosa and Chattahoochee river reservoirs for the future.
Institutional variations in practice of demand responsive approach: evidence from rural water supply in India
Authors: Rout Satyapriya
Published: July 2014

The paper reports the main findings of a study, designed to develop a better understanding of institutional variations in working with the demand responsive approach (DRA) in rural water supply in the state of Odisha in India. Data for the paper were collected from twelve village communities, where water is being supplied either through their community based institution or through the local government institution of the Gram Panchayat. The findings suggest that the two types of institutions performed differently in implementing the DRA. It depicted that the DRA under the broader rubric of institutional reforms in the water sector has failed to address the question of social inequality, and rather had reinforced and extended the already existing inequity of Indian society to access to safe and secure drinking water in rural areas. The study highlights that participation, cost recovery, full operation and management transfer may be an efficient proposition, but not sustainable in the long run without proper investment in institution building and support from the state, especially in provisioning of basic services like drinking water to rural poor.
Correlation and characteristics of self-rating and clinical rating of depression among alcoholics in the course of early abstinence
Authors: Mandic-Gajic Gordana , Samardzic Radomir , Spiric Zeljko
Published: July 2014

Background/Aim. Depression is an alcoholism relapse risk factor, but
frequently stays underdiagnosed among treated alcoholics. The correlation and
characteristics of self-reported and clinically assessed depression in the
course of early alcohol abstinence were explored. Methods. A total of 100
inpatient, primary male alcoholics (20-60 years) diagnosed according to
Classificaton of Mental and Behavioural Disorders (ICD-10) and Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) were recruited consecutively.
The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Beck Depression Inventory
(BDI) were scored on admission (T1), after 4 weeks (T2) and after 8 weeks
(T3). Student's t-test, repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson's correlation
between the scores were done (p < 0.05). Factor analyses of symptoms were
performed. Results: On HDRS T1, T2, T3 90,7%, 39.5%, 17.4% alcoholics were
depressive, respectively. The mean HDRS vs BDI scores on T1, T2 and T3 were
15.16 ? 6.34, 7.35 ? 4.18, 4.23 ? 2.93 vs 14.20 ? 9.56, 8.14 ? 7.35, 5.30 ?
4.94, respectively. Depression severity significantly lowered in the course
of abstinence (ANOVA). The HRDS and BDI correlations on T1, T2 and T3 were
significant (r1 = 0.763, r2 = 0.684, r3 = 0.613 respectively). Dysphoric
mood, anxious, vegetative and cognitive HDRS subscales on T1, T2 and T3 were
detected, but not BDI factors, thus BDI symptoms were analysed. Conclusions.
The majority of alcoholics had depression on admission. A predominant
mild-degree with a significant lowering of depression severity and positive
significant correlations between HRDS and BDI scores in the course of
abstinence were detected. The dysphoric mood on the HDRS sub-scale, and
self-blame, anhedonia and guilt BDI symptoms were most prominent and
persisted. The BDI could be a useful tool not only for routine screening and
reassessment of depression, but also for exploring emotional content during
early abstinence and planning tailored integrative therapy and relapse
prevention for alcoholics.