bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concentration and Competition in the Pharmaceutical Sector in an Era of Challenges
Authors: Sunarmo Sunarmo , Pardiansyah Elif , Asriyah Ani
Published: July 2023

In 2018, the Central Bureau of Statistics noted that the pharmaceutical industry grew 7.36 percent and slowed by 5.59 percent during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. Fluctuations in the growth of the pharmaceutical sector before and during the Covid-19 pandemic encouraged increased competition and concentration. This study examines the concentration and competition of pharmaceutical businesses listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from the first quarter of 2018 to the third quarter of 2020. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach with a concentration ratio model (CR) and the Hirschman-Herfindahl index (HHI). The calculation results show that the Kalbe Farma company controls over 65 percent of the market share, while 9 pharmaceutical companies contest the other 35 percent. KLBF is a company with the most sustainable competitive advantage compared to others; this can be seen from product differentiation, use of technology, and a superior market share of 65.39%. In addition, from the aspect of market competition, it shows that the pharmaceutical industry before and during the Covid-19 pandemic was in a tight oligopoly market with scores of 99.20 and 99.22. The results show the implications that pharmaceutical sector actors can carry out our policies related to competitive price competition. Another procedure is that companies must constantly observe and analyze the actions of other pharmaceutical companies in making business decisions.
GENETIC VARIABILITY AND CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS IN RICE
Authors:   Department of Plant Breeding, Haryana Agricultural University,Hissar 125004, A ROY , D.V.S PANWAR ,   Department of Plant Breeding, Haryana Agricultural University,Hissar 125004, R.N SARMA ,   Department of Plant Breeding, Haryana Agricultural University,Hissar 125004
Published: July 2023

Variability, correlation and path coefficient analyses were made for 11 characters in a collection of 99 rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.). Bacterial blight severity, plant height, spikelets/panicle and grains/panicle showed high heritability with high genetic advance. Yield/plant was positively associated with days to 50 per cent flowering, spikelets/panicle and milling per cent. Path coefficient analysis revealed grains/panicle, spikelets/panicle and bacterial blight severity are the most important characters contributing to yield
CHARACTER ASSOCIATION AND COMPONENT ANALYSIS IN UPLAND COTTON
Authors:   Dept.Of Plant Breeding and GeneticsAgriculture  College  , Research & Institute Madurai 625 104 India, P SUMATHI , N NADARAJAN ,   Dept.Of Plant Breeding and GeneticsAgriculture  College  , Research & Institute Madurai 625 104 India
Published: July 2023

Genotypic and phenotypic correlation co-efficients and path co- efficients were worked out in 51 diverse, genotypes of upland cotton. Number of bolls per plant and plant height had positive correlation with seed cotton yield both at genotypic and phenotypic levels. And these two characters showed significantly positive correlation between themselves also. Path co-efficient analysis indicated that plant height, bolls per plant, ginning out turn, lint index and seed index contributed directly to yield.
EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS IN COTTON MCU 9
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, P POTHIRAJ , N JAGANATHAN ,   Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, R VENKITASWAMY ,   Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, M PREMSEKHAR ,   Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, S PURUSHOTHAMAN ,   Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003
Published: July 2023

Experiments were conducted at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during the winter seasons of 1986-87 and 1987-88 under All India Coordinated Cotton Improvement project to screen the suitable growth regulators/hormones for MCU 9 cotton. The growth regulators tested are triacontanol at 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 ppm with and without DAP 3% chlormequat K2O, NAA with and without DAP 3%, Recine, Atonik and Cytocyme. The results revealed that foliar spray of NAA 40 ppm at 45, 60 and 75 days after sowing or spraying of triacontanol 7.5 ppm or triacontanol 5.0 ppm with or without DAP 3% increased the seed cotton yields compared to water spray (Control).
EFFECT OF SOWING DATES AND PLANT PROTECTION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF PIGEONPEA VARIETIES
Authors:   Regional Research Station,University of Agriccultural Sciences,Konehally Tiptur 577202, T.B BASAVARAJU , B.G RAJASHEKARA ,   Regional Research Station,University of Agriccultural Sciences,Konehally Tiptur 577202
Published: July 2023

In a field trial conducted to study the effect of sowing dates and plant protection on growth and yield of pigeonpea varieties, an increase in grain yield by 25 per cent over control was observed with plant protection. The plant height, number of primary branches per plant, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity and grain yield were significantly higher in TTB-7 compared to Hy-3C and were reduced significantly with delay in sowing from 10th July to 27th August.
EFFECT OF AGROCHEMICALS ON FLOWER PRODUCTION, BUD AND BOLL SHEDDING AND YIELD OF COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, A.S VENKATAKRISHNAN
Published: July 2023

With a view to explore the possibilities of reducing bud and boll shedding of cotton, an experiment was conducted at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during the winter season of 1984-85 (Aug-Feb) under irrigated condition. Different ratios of NPK with and without 25 kg Z.So/ha, different foliar sprays such as NAA (40 ppm), CCC (40 ppm) and DAP (3%) individually or in combination with and without topping formed the treatments. The study revealed that application of 80:60:60 kg of NPK either with 25 ZnSouha or with foliar spray combination of NAA (40 ppm)+ DAP (3%) and with topping at fifteenth node increased the dry matter production, number of bolls per plant and seed cotton yield followed by application of 80:40:40 kg NPK with 25 kg ZnSosha and they were comparable between themselves. The bud and boll shedding was significantly reduced by the foliar spray combination of NAA (40 ppm) + DAP (3%) along with topping at fifteenth node resulting in increased seed cotton yield. The flower production was significantly reduced due to the spraying of NAA and CCC either individually or in combinations.
IMPACT OF IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND SOIL AMENDMENTS IN GROUNDNUT
Authors:   Water Technology Centre,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, RAJAGOPAL ARUNA , N ASOKARAJA ,   Water Technology Centre,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, G VELU ,   Water Technology Centre,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: July 2023

Field experiments conducted at the Agricultural college and Research Institute Farm, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during monsoon 1990 and summer 1991 to study the irrigation management practices on groundnut with special reference to irrigation field layouts and soil amendments revealed that irrigating groundnut at 0.75 IW/CPE ratio with ridges and furrows and coir waste at 15 tha resulted higher productivity, net return and benefit: cost ratio under adequate water supply. Under water scarcity conditions irrigation even at 0.5 and 0.6 IW/CPE ratio with flat ridges and furrows with 10-15 tha of coir waste recorded higher water use efficiency without appreciable reduction in groundnut pod yield.
STUDIES ON YIELD AND BRANCHING AT VARIOUS GROWTH STAGES IN RABI GROUNDNUT
Authors:   Science College Nanded 431 602, D.D DESHMUKH , D.V DEV ,   Science College Nanded 431 602
Published: July 2023

Field experiment conducted in the rabi season showed that the branching in groundnut was significantly higher under the improved package of practices as recommended by ICRISAT, when compared with the recommended package of practices of the Department of Agriculture, Maharashtra State, Pune at all the stages of crop growth. In general, groundnut CV. ICGS 11 and ICGS 44 recorded more number of branches/plant while CV. SB XI and ICGS 21 had lower branches. Dry pod yield /ha was significantly higher in ICRISAT recommendation CVICGS 11 and ICGS 44 were equally efficient and significantly superior in producing dry pod yield/ha. However, dry haulm yield/ha was not significantly influenced either by the different package of practices or varieties.
CHARACTER ASSOCIATION FOR GRAIN YIELD IN SWEET SORGHUM
Authors:   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, S GANESH , A.K FAZLULLAH KHAN ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, N SENTHIL ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, M SURESH ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: July 2023

Seven sweet sorghum parental lines and their forty two hybrids were used for studying the genotypic correlation among grain yield and its related characters. The results showed that panicle weight had the highest positive correlation (0.9784) with grain yield followed by panicle length. Hence, for improving grain yield in sweet sorghum, selection should largely depend upon panicle weight and panicle length.
ADT 41 (JJ 92): A DWARF BASMATI RICE FOR TAMIL NADU
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agrl. University,Aduthurai- 612 101, Tamil Nadu, S VAIRAVAN , S ARUMUGACHAMY ,   Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agrl. University,Aduthurai- 612 101, Tamil Nadu, P VIVEKANANDAN ,   Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agrl. University,Aduthurai- 612 101, Tamil Nadu, A.P.M KIRUBAKARAN SOUNDARARAJ ,   Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agrl. University,Aduthurai- 612 101, Tamil Nadu, S GIRIDHARAN ,   Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agrl. University,Aduthurai- 612 101, Tamil Nadu, S PALANISAMY ,   Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agrl. University,Aduthurai- 612 101, Tamil Nadu, A ABDUL KAREEM ,   Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agrl. University,Aduthurai- 612 101, Tamil Nadu, S CHELLIAH ,   Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agrl. University,Aduthurai- 612 101, Tamil Nadu, V SIVASUBRAMANIAN ,   Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agrl. University,Aduthurai- 612 101, Tamil Nadu
Published: July 2023

Basmati rice is praised for aroma and super fine quality. Traditional Basmati rice varieties are tall, lodging, photosensitive and with low yield potential. The improved Basmati varieties viz., Pusa Basmati 1 and Kasturi are not suitable for cultivation in Tamil Nadu because of their poor adaptation and yield. The research oriented on this line has resulted in the identification of a dwarf Basmati (AD 90190) with high yield potential retaining Basmati qualities and this selection was identified from the irradiated dwarf mutant of Basmati 370. The average grain yield is 4758 kg/ha in a crop duration of 110 days. This culture has been released as ADT 41 and popularly named as JJ 92, suitable for cultivation during sornawari kar/kuruval seasons.
COMBINING ABILITY OF NEW MALE STERILE LINES OF DIVERSE SOURCES IN PEARL MILLET FOR YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS
Authors:   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, G KANDASWAMI , R SETHUPATHI RAMALINGAM ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: July 2023

Nine male sterile lines of pear milet and six inbreds were evaluated for their combining ability in a line x tester mating design. The GCA and SCA variance focussed the importance of non- additive effects for days to 50 per cent flowering, panicle girth and grain yield per plant indicating heterosis breeding for yield improvement. For plant height and humber of productive tillers, both the components were almost equal. Among lines, 834A and Pb405A were good combiner for yield and 338A and Pb302A for early flowering. The testers PIB 2231P, PT 1921 and K560-230 were good combiner for grain yield per plant. The hybrid 834AxPIB 2231P showing highest mean expression and sca effect for grain yield offered scope for exploitation of heterosis.
CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSIS IN F3 AND F4 GENERATIONS OF INTRASPECIFIC CROSSES IN GROUNDNUT
Authors:   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, R SUMATHI , T RAMANATHA ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: July 2023

Forty genotypes of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L) comprising 33 progenies and 7 parents were studied in F3 and F4 generations. Correlation and path coefficient analyses were computed for yield and yield contributing characters. Yield improvement could be achieved by selection for number of mature pods, 100 kernel weight, number of flowers, number of pegs and peg flower ratio since the genotypic correlation coefficients for these characters were positive and significant and they had high direct and indirect effects on pod yield.
MONITORING THE ACTIVITY OF POTATO TUBER MOTH THROUGH PHEROMONE TRAP
Authors:   Horticultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agrl. University Ooty 643 001, Tamil nadu., N CHANDRAMOHAN
Published: July 2023

The sex pheromone of potato tuber moth, Pthorimaca operculella (Zeller) was evaluated at higher altitude of the Nilgiris district. Male moth catch was notice throughout the year. Different lunar phases did not influence the moth catch. Maximum trap catch was recorded between 7 and 8 p.m. In hill zone, a septum remained effective for 14 months.
EFFECT OF FOLIAR SPRAY OF ERGOSTIM ON GROWTH AND LEAF PRODUCTION OF MULBERRY
Authors:   Regional Sericultural Research Station, Central Silk Board Govt of India Allikuttai P.O Gandhinagar Salem 636003, P SOMASUNDARAM , R GURURAJ ,   Regional Sericultural Research Station, Central Silk Board Govt of India Allikuttai P.O Gandhinagar Salem 636003, D.S CHANDRASHEKAR ,   Regional Sericultural Research Station, Central Silk Board Govt of India Allikuttai P.O Gandhinagar Salem 636003, A.K SIKDAR ,   Regional Sericultural Research Station, Central Silk Board Govt of India Allikuttai P.O Gandhinagar Salem 636003
Published: July 2023

"Ergostim", a proprietary biostimulant was used in the present study. Ergostim at 0.05%. 0.075% and 0.1% aqueous solution was sprayed once and twice during each leaf crop period under a 5 leaf crop schedule in irrigated mulberry garden. Results indicated that two aqueous sprays of Ergostim 0.05%, 0.075% and 0.1% significantly increased the linear growth and number of leaves per plant as well as leaf yield over single spray and also control. It was found that two aqueous sprays of 0.05% Ergostim gave highest net return of Rs.3,223/ per ha per year than that of 0.075% and 0.1% of Ergostim sprays. The Cost-benefit ratio indicates a single spray of 0.05% Ergostim is more cost effective.
NITROGEN UPTAKE BY WEEDS AND RICE CROP UNDER DIFFERENT WEED CONTROL METHODS
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Chitrakut Gramodaya Viswavidyalaya Chitrakut Satna, K.N SINGH , S.N SHARMA ,   Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Chitrakut Gramodaya Viswavidyalaya Chitrakut Satna
Published: July 2023

The field experiment conducted during kharif season of 1988 and 1989 at Varanasi (U.P.) revealed that nitrogen removal by both crop and weeds increased with increase in fertility of soil. However, narrow spacing helped to reduce nitrogen uptake by weeds and it was less with two hand weeding followed by butachlor + one hand weeding. In crop, two hand weeding resulted in maximum uptake of nitrogen followed by butachlor+ one hand weeding.
SOIL EROSION, RUN OFF AND NUTRIENT LOSSES UNDER DIFFERENT VEGETATIONAL AND SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES
Authors:   Horticultural Research Station, Kodaikanal 624103 Tamil Nadu, A SARAVANAN , K.M.P NAMBISAN ,   Horticultural Research Station, Kodaikanal 624103 Tamil Nadu, P SANKARALINGAM ,   Horticultural Research Station, Kodaikanal 624103 Tamil Nadu
Published: July 2023

An experiment was conducted at the Horticultural Research Station, Kodaikanal for a period of one year from June. 1991 to study the influence of vegetation on soil erosion, run off and nutrient loss under different vegetational cover. The soil conservation methods of bench terraces and contour stone wall were compared with plantations without any conservation measure. The plantations were apple, eucalyptus and acacia besides plots of seasonal crops of vegetables and geranium. Under each ecosystem, plots with and without natural soil cover were compared. The results revealed that the loss through soil erosion in terms of sediments (1115 kg/ha/yr) and run off water (9.09 lakh l/ha/yr) and also nutrient loss through them were quite high (86-4.7-64.5 NPK kg/ha/yr) in the eucalyptus plantation on cleared ground without any conservation measure. The above losses were found to be low under apple planted on bench terraces with natural grass as soil cover. The contour stone wall was effective in checking the erosion related problems though not to the extent of bench terraces.
INDUCED MUTATIONS IN FIELD LABLAB: FREQUENCY AND SPECTRUM OF CHLOROPHYLL MUTATIONS
Authors:   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, A LOURDUSAMY , R RATHNASWAMY ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: July 2023

Mutations were induced in three genotypes (CO 2, DPI 1281 & DL 3196) by gamma rays (10,20 and 30kR). Four different chlorophyll mutations were observed in M2 generation viz., albina, chlorina, viridis and xantha. The rate of chlorophyll mutation increased with increase in dosage of gamma rays both in MI plant basis and M2 seedling basis except in CO 2 where the rate of chlorophyll mutation showed a slight decline at the higher dose of 30 KR on M1 plant basis.
INTERCROPPING PEARL MILLET WITH PIGEONPEA UNDER RAINFED CONDITION
Authors:   Krishi Vigyan Kendra , Tamilnadu Agricultural University,Sirugamani  639 115, A AROKIARAJ , K KANNAPPAN ,   Krishi Vigyan Kendra , Tamilnadu Agricultural University,Sirugamani  639 115
Published: July 2023

Field experiments conducted during kharif seasons of 1986, 1987 and 1988 showed that intercropping of pearl millet and pigeonpea was better than raising pure'crops as indicased by higher LER. It was higher with 1:1 ratio of pearl milict and pigeonpea. But the net return was the highest with pure crop of pigeonpea. Among the intercropping system, the net return was the highest with 1:2 ratio with coir pith and was followed by 1:3 ratio without coir pith. The ratio of 1:2 can be recommended considering both the LER and net return.
INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN IRRIGATED GRAM
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, L ARUNACHALAM , S.P RAMANATHAN ,   Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, K.K MATHAN ,   Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, SP PALANIAPPAN ,   Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003
Published: July 2023

The influence of integrated nutrient management in irrigated red gram Co.5 was studied over a period of three years during 1990- 1992. Integrated nutrient management such as recommended fertilizer viz., 25 Kg N + 50 Kg P20s/ha + 750 kg/ha of enriched farm yard manure + foliar application of 2% DAP twice (one at flowering and the second 15 days thereafter) + foliar spraying of NAA at 40 ppm at 55 days after sowing recorded increased yield in redgram under irrigated condition.
UTILISATION OF COIR PITH AS POT CULTURE MEDIUM FOR Begonia semperflorens
Authors:   Horticultural Research Station, Kodaikanal 624103 Tamil Nadu, A SARAVANAN , K.M.P NAMBISAN ,   Horticultural Research Station, Kodaikanal 624103 Tamil Nadu
Published: July 2023

The efficacy of coir pith in the preparation of potting medium was evaluated using a rose-coloured clone of Begonia semperflorens Link and Otto as test crop in a pot culture experiment. The coir pith was combined in a soil breeding experiment with shola leaf mould and sand and these were compared with the conventional medium consisting of shola leaf mould, sand and laterite soil. The physico-chemical properties of the media combinations were analysed. The growth and flowering parameters were recorded at monthly intervals for 3 months. The results indicated that coir pith can be effectively utilised as a potting medium to raise B. semperflorens in containers. The indications were clear that 60 per cent coir pith: 20 per cent shola leaf mould: 20 per cent sand encouraged growth and flowering of the container-grown B.semperflorens. This improvement in growth and flowering can be attributed to the increase in WHC and CEC and low bulk density and particle density of the medium.
Comparative approach of the fauna diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in a stream on ferralitic soil and equatorial climate at 2 seasons in Cameroon (Central Africa)
Authors: Wilfreid Christiane Noel Betsi  , Samuel Foto Menbohan  , Nathaniel Larry Lactio  , Yvonne Laure Tchouapi  , Marie Anita Zemo Temgoua  , Donald L’or Nyame Mbia  , Serge Roger Gwos Nhiomock  , Mathias Nwaha  , Eric Belmond Biram A Ngon  , Jean Dzavi  , Blaise Rollinat Mboyé  , Moïse Nola
Published: July 2023

In order to determine the structure of benthic macroinvertebrates fauna in relation with some environmental factors, a study was carried out in the Esoa river at Nkongsamba in the Littoral region of Cameroon from January 2021 to January 2022. Physico-chemical parameters were measured according to APHA and Rodier recommendations, while benthic macroinvertebrates sampling was done out according to the multihabitat approach at a monthly frequency. The physico-chemical analyses revealed very good oxygenation of the water, a tendency of neutrality for the pH (7.79±0.8 UC) and a low and constant temperature (22.61±1.83 °C). The BMI count showed 3732 individuals, including 4 phyla, 6 classes, 14 orders and 69 families and over 80 species. Besides, the class of insects, and in particular the order of Odonata, supplanted the benthic fauna. The Esoa 2 and Esoa 3 stations recorded the highest relative abundance of BMI (37.43% and 36.99% respectively) with a predominance of pollutant taxa, notably the families of Chironomidae, Physidae, Tubificidae and Lumbricidae. On the other hand, the Esoa 1 station, with low relative abundance (25.56%), was more diversified and dominated by polluosensitive taxa, including Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera. The high values of the Sӧrensen similarity index (65.62%) showed a high faunal similarity of the Esoa 2 and Esoa 3 stations. The high values of the Shannon and Weaver diversity index (4.6 bits/ind) indicated a high diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates reflecting the good ecological status of the waters of the Esoa stream.
Use and coverage of PMTCT services: Profile of health facilities and antiretroviral treatment options in Haut-Katanga and Nord-Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Tabitha Ilunga Mpoyi  , Abel Ntambue Mukengeshayi  , Jean Baptiste Kakoma Sakatolo zambeze  , Françoise Malonga Kaj
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The objective of this study was to identify treatment options and determine the coverage and use of services for the prevention of transmission of HIV infection from mother to child in Lubumbashi. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study. Including 137 health facilities (FOSA) from ten Health Zones, we systematically included all (FOSA) during the period from June 2016 to December 2017. The interview with the focal points of PMTCT activities allowed us to determine the PMTCT components (cascade of activities) available in the FOSA; the analysis of PMTCT registers made it possible to evaluate the use of each component. The data was analyzed using Epinfo 7 and SPSS v 20 software. Results: Coverage in PMTCT activities in Lubumbashi was 2 FOSAs offering PMTCT services per 100,000 inhabitants (57/3000, 000 inhabitants). This number represents 41.6% (57/137) of FOSAs surveyed. According to the support options, 48.3% offered option A while 51.7% offered option B+. The cascade of components offered was dominated by sensitization, screening and post-testing. Prophylaxis of opportunistic infections (42.7%), early diagnosis in infants (39.0%) as well as retention on treatment: at inclusion (40.2%) at 3 months (10%)  were the components less carried out in the FOSAs. In terms of coverage, these components represented an availability of 0.8 health facilities per 100,000 inhabitants. Conclusion: At least 3 options were used, coverage of PMTCT services compared to previous years, services are not available where women seek prenatal and postnatal care. The specific components, notably: prophylaxis of opportunistic infections, early diagnosis in infants as well as retention under treatment, are still not very available. Strengthening home-based follow-up activities can improve retention on treatment and compensate for low coverage of specific components.
Water purification from zinc ions using expanded perlite
Authors: Dali Ioseliani  , Neli Kalabegashvili  , Gulnara Balarjishvili  , Liana Samkharadze  , Nino Nonikashvili
Published: July 2023

Adsorptive capacities of expanded perlite, prepared on the basis of natural mineral of Georgia – perlite, in the process of aqueous solution purification from Zn (II) ions, have been first studied in the work. The dependencies of adsorption degree and volume capacity on adsorbent dosage, contact time, adsorbate concentration and pH of solution medium have been studied. Experiments have been conducted under dynamic conditions. Optimum conditions of Zn(II) ion adsorption have been established. Maximal efficiency of adsorption degree under these conditions was equal to 93,6, while volume capacity – 3,7 mg/g.
Routing Protocols for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Networks
Authors: Rasa Iffat Helmi  , Shiek Md. Anwar Hussain Mizan
Published: July 2023

VANET, short for Vehicle Ad-hoc Network, is an emerging technology with unique characteristics that differentiate it from previous ad-hoc networks. Designing an effective routing protocol for V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) communication and V2I (vehicle-to-roadside infrastructure) communication is particularly challenging due to the dynamic nature of topology and frequent disconnections. VANET plays a crucial role in the development of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) aimed at enhancing traffic flow and safety, primarily due to the high occurrence of traffic accidents. However, existing VANET routing protocols face limitations in effectively handling diverse traffic scenarios. To ensure future communication between vehicles for road safety, it is essential to develop appropriate routing protocols. This paper focuses on analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of routing protocols that can contribute to the development of new or improved routing protocols in the near future.
Critical thinking: A western guise or a thinking, cultural, and pedagogical fatigue
Authors: Mohammed Qasserras  , Lhoussine Qasserras
Published: July 2023

The argument that non-western countries lack or do not have critical thinking has ushered in a strong scholarly debate. Several scholars perceived this statement as ‘Othering’ lacking evidence and mired in ethnocentric dogma. Indeed, this paper is to redefine CT, indicating it is not culture-specific and is not necessarily a western legacy. CT has evolved and developed across different civilizations, even long before the Greeks. This study interprets CT as critical intelligence, learnable and transformable, with emphasize on its linguistics determinism; meaning that any language with a question structure enables its people to activate this critical intelligence and master it through practice. However, culture still plays a potent role in shaping the CT style.
Penilaian Postur Kerja Operator pada Proses Polishing Dies Menggunakan Metode Rapid Entire Body Asessment
Authors: Wicaksono Muhamad , Lobes Herdiman
Published: July 2023

Postur tubuh tidak ilmiah dan berlangsung dalam jangka waktu lama dapat mengakibatkan kelebihan beban pada otot. MSDs merupakan keluhan yang sering dijumpai di tempat kerja yang berhubungan dengan kekuatan dan ketahanan manusia dalam melakukan pekerjaannya. Polishing Dies merupakan pekerjaan manual yang berisiko terkena MSDs, seperti cidera pada bagian otot, syaraf, low back pain, dan persendian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan penilaian dan rekomendasi evaluasi perbaikan postur kerja dengan perancangan alat bantu proses pada stasiun polishing dies untuk meminimalisasi keluhan MSDs menggunakan metode REBA. Hasil penilaian postur kerja operator polish­ing dies menunjukan skor REBA 9 yang berarti level risiko tinggi dan perlu dilaku­kan per­baik­an secepatnya. Upaya perbaikan dilakukan melalui rancangan alat bantu proses polish­ing dies berupa adjuster table. Adjuster table memiliki fitur tinggi meja yang dapat disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan operator serta meja yang dapat diputar sehingga memu­dahkan proses poles keseluruh bagian dies. Adjuster table diharapkan dapat memperbaiki postur kerja operator serta membuat proses polishing dies lebih efektif dan efisien.
Inventory Optimization in Pharmacy Using Inventory Simulation-Based Model During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hidayatuloh Syarif , Winati Famila Dwi , Samodro Guntur , Qisthani Nabila Noor , Kasanah Yulinda Uswatun
Published: July 2023

The problem that often occurs in raw material inventory is overstock or stockout conditions. The healthcare industry, including pharmaceuticals, has been experiencing uncertainty since the Covid-19 pandemic. Then impacts panic buying and stockpiling, which can lead to unpredictable spikes in demand, stockouts, and disruptions to the inventory system. The research was conducted at ABC Pharmacy in Yogyakarta, which experienced this problem. In this study, optimization of drug supply was carried out by measuring ware­house capacity, and safety stock, increasing the number of orders and reorder points using the Min-Max and the economic order quantity models. A simulation of inventory optimi­zation planning was carried out using Monte Carlo to see inventory projections for the next three months. Overall, the EOQ model simulation shows the most optimal results by showing the average total inventory cost of Rp. 103,579, where this number represents the lowest number of total inventory costs when compared to other simulation models. It also shows that the EOQ model is 86% more efficient in inventory cost than the Min-Max model. Comparison of the total cost of inventory The results of the three methods are calcu­lated according to current demand and simulation of the EOQ method, which produces the minimum total inventory cost, followed by the company's initial model and the Min Max inventory method.
STRATEGY OF TEACHING SPEAKING BY USING GAMES FOR FRONTRUNNER CLASS AT EF (ENGLISH FIRST)
Authors: Amelia Dinda , Hidayat Rahmad
Published: July 2023

Language is important in everyday life to convey various information and opinions to others. English is a key International language for communicating with other people. This research is very interesting because it explores the teaching strategy used by the teacher in an English course, namely EF English First. This research aims at explaining the teachers' strategy of teaching speaking by using games for Frontrunner class. This research uses a qualitative with case study approach where the researcher conducts an interview and observation. This study focuses on the tenth level of Frontrunner class which at the ten to twelve is Upper Intermediate level, so that included in the B2 level in the CEFR. The results of study show the students are happy and learning becomes interactive by using games in teaching speaking. Because they can add new vocabularies and can develop their ideas by doing speaking activities.
Anemia Megaloblastik: Sebuah Tinjauan Pustaka
Authors: Jayawardhana I Ketut Wisnuaji , Kresnapati I Nyoman Bagus Aji
Published: July 2023

Anemia megaloblastik merupakan anemia yang ditandai dengan membesarnya eritroblast di sumsum tulang sehingga menganggu pematangan inti sel dan pembelahan sel eritrosit.  Kelainan utamanya disebabakan karena defisiensi vitamin B-12 dan asam folat sehingga sintesis DNA terganggu. Diagnosis anemia megaloblastik dilakukan melalui anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan penunjang. Pengobatannya dilakukan berdasarkan etiologi yang mendasari. Semakin cepat didiagnosis, prognosisnya akan semakin baik. Penting untuk mengenali, mencegah, dan mengobati anemia megaloblastik.
Talasemia : sebuah Tinjauan Pustaka
Authors: Canis Paloma I Dewa Ayu Natih
Published: July 2023

Talasemia merupakan kelainan genetik pada sel darah merah sehingga penderitanya harus melakukan transfusi darah sepanjang hidupnya. Penegakan diagnosis dilakukan berdasarkan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan didukung dengan pemeriksaan penunjang. Penatalaksanaan secara umum adalah dengan melakukan transfusi darah. Penatalaksanaan dapat berbeda setiap individu bergantung pada kondisi penderita.
Ekstraksi Jahe (Zingiberis Officinale) dan uji pemisahan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT)
Authors: Muhsin Lalu Busyairi , Ramandha Muh. Eka Putra
Published: July 2023

Jahe (Zingiberis Officinale) merupakan jenis tanaman yang tergolong dalam jenis tanaman rimpang, jahe biasa digunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai bahan minuman jamu, berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu adanya ekstraksi sederahana yang bisa digunakan oleh masyarakat luas untuk mendapatkan ekstrak jahe yang lebih murni, pada penelitian ini dilakukan bahwa proses ekstraksi atau pemisahan pada simplisia jahe dengan jumlah sebanyak 100 gram melalui proses maserasi didapatkan hasil sebanyak 27,9 gram, kemudian dilakukan uji kemurnian dengan prinsip uji KLT (Kromatografi Lapis Tipis) dengan eluen atau Fase gerak yang digunakan adalah Metanol, Etil asetat dan N heksana dengan perbandingan 7:7:6, dan diapatkan hasil Rf sebesar 0,18 berdasarkan hasil jarak titik noda ekstraksi dibagi dengan jarak yang ditempuh eluen, dan hasil plat KLT terlihat menggunakan sinar UV 254 nm dan 366 nm berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstraksi yang dilakukan pada simplisia jahe berhasil.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA DOS ENFERMEIROS NO CONTEXTO HOSPITALAR: REVISÃO DE ESCOPO
Authors: Lima Priscilla , Márcia Teles de Oliveira Gouveia  , Francisca Fabiana Fernandes Lima
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: mapear a produção do conhecimento a respeito dos fatores que interferem na qualidade de vida dos enfermeiros no contexto hospitalar. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo. O instrumento PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews foi utilizado para a redação do estudo. As sete bases de dados consultadas: MEDLINE; Scopus; CINAHL; WOS; LILACS; BDENF e IBECS e repositórios de teses e dissertações: BDTD e CAPES. Os estudos foram agrupados no software Rayyan e as duplicatas removidas. Resultados: Identificados 1.623 estudos dos quais 38 compuseram a amostra. Os dados foram sintetizados e apresentados em quadros e figuras com a caracterização dos estudos inclusos com a análise descritiva deles. Conclusão: Fatores positivos e negativos estão relacionados à qualidade de vida dos enfermeiros. Os negativos mais citados: estresse, tipo de hospital, idade, plantão noturno, trabalho em turnos, sexo feminino e situação de trabalho. Os positivos: nível de escolaridade, experiência profissional e capacitação profissional.
Wastewater Bio-solids Management for Fertilizer Quality Using Co- composting Process
Authors: Ibrahim Jathwa Abdul Karime , Salman Iman Sahib , Chyad Tasnim Fahem
Published: July 2023

Co-composting process can be acquired by combining organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) with sewage sludge (SS) and mature compost (MC) as enhancement and bulking agent to overcome the problems of municipal solid waste and wastewater treatment plants besides the finally produced fertilizer usage for agriculture and horticulture. The effects of different mixture ratios of (OFMSW), (SS) and (MC) on the performance of composting process were investigated in this study. Piles of about 10 kg were prepared by mixing OFMSW, SS and MC in three different ratios (w/w) [OFMSW: SS: MC= 3:1:1, 3:2:1, and 3:3:1]. Results showed that the pile [3:1:1] was most beneficial to composting. The final compost products contained a C/N ratio (12.17), nitrification index (N-NH4/N-NO3) (0.2), organic matter degradation (36%), N content (1.75%), and Germintation Index (GI) 77.4%. Final compost showed low amounts of heavy metals, and significant reduction of pathogens indicating mature and stable bio-mass
Extraction of heavy metals from contaminated soils using EDTA and HCl
Authors: Gzar Hatem Asel , Gatea Israa Mohammed
Published: July 2023

The present study examines the extraction of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) from   a contaminated soil by washing process. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (Na2EDTA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution were used as extractants.  Soil washing is one of the most suitable in-situ/ ex-situ remediation method in removing heavy metals. Soil was artificially contaminated with 500 mg/kg (Pb , Cd and Ni ).  A set of batch experiments were carried out at different conditions of  extractant concentration , contact time, pH and agitation speed. The results  showed  that the  maximum removal efficiencies  of (Cd, Pb  and Ni ) were (97, 88 and 24 )  % respectively using ( 0.1 M) Na2EDTA.  While the maximum removal efficiencies using (1M)  HCl were (98, 94 and 55)% respectively. The experimental data of batch extraction were applied in four kinetic models; first order, parabolic diffusion, two constant and Elovich model. The parabolic diffusion was the most fitted to the experimental data.
Shell and Double Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger Calculations and Analysis
Authors: Abdulmajeed Basma Abbas , Allawi Fadhil Abed
Published: July 2023

This study concerns a new type of heat exchangers, which is that of shell-and-double concentric tube heat exchangers. The case studies include both design calculations and performance calculations.

       The new heat exchanger design was conducted according to Kern method. The volumetric flow rates were 3.6 m3/h and 7.63 m3/h for the hot oil and water respectively. The experimental parameters studied were: temperature, flow rate of hot oil, flow rate of cold water and pressure drop.

A comparison was made for the theoretical and experimental results and it was found that the percentage error for the hot oil outlet temperature was (- 1.6%). The percentage errors for the pressure drop in the shell and in the concentric tubes were (17.2%) and (- 39%) respectively. For cold water outlet temperature, the percentage error was (- 3.3%), while it was (18%) considering the pressure drop in the annulus formed. The percentage error for the total power consumed was (-10.8%).

A theoretical comparison was made between the new design and the conventional heat exchanger from the point of view of, length, mass, pressure drop and total power consumed.
Reinforcement of Asphalt Concrete by Polyester Fibers to Improve Flexural Bending Fatigue Resistance
Authors: Ismael Mohammed Qadir , Al-Taher Hiba M.
Published: July 2023

Reinforcing asphalt concrete with polyester fibers considered as an active remedy to alleviate the harmful impact of fatigue deterioration. This study covers the investigation of utilizing two shapes of fibers size, 6.35 mm by 3.00 mm and 12.70 mm by 3.00 mm with mutual concentrations equal to 0.25 %, 0.50 % and 0.75 % by weight of mixture. Composition of asphalt mixture consists of different optimum (40-50) asphalt cement content, 12.50 mm nominal aggregate maximum size with limestone dust as a filler. Following the traditional asphalt cement and aggregate tests, three essential test were carried out on mixtures, namely: Marshall test (105 cylindrical specimens), indirect tensile strength test (21 cylindrical specimens) and flexural bending test (21 beam specimens). The results revealed that, more asphalt content needed as the fibers length and concentration increased. The fatigue life estimation depending on cyclic load to failure in the beam test support the idea that polyester fibers really improve the resistance of fatigue cracking since the repetitions to failure increased by 9.40 % for the 0.50 % of 12.70 mm fibers length. Both of Marshall stability and indirect tensile strength suffer from slight reduction in their values, whereas, the 0.75 % of 12.70 mm fibers length caused lowering in Marshall stability and indirect tensile strength by 11.70 % and 6.00 % respectively.
Performance Improvement of the Implementation of Concrete Structures in the Construction Sector In Iraq Using The Modern Management Technique “Six Sigma”
Authors: Al-Ajeeli Hatem Khalifah breesam , Mehdi Hassan Abdul-sahib
Published: July 2023

The reality of the field of construction projects in Iraq refers to needing for the development of performance in order to improve quality and reduce defects and errors and to control the time and cost, so there is needing for the application of effective methods in this area, one of the methods that can be applied in this area is the manner of Six Sigma. This research aims to enhance the performance and quality improvement for the construction projects by improving performance in the work of the implementation of the concrete structure depending on the Six Sigma methodology, and for the purpose of achieving the aim of the research, the researcher firstly depends on the theoretical study that include the concepts of quality and the Six Sigma methodology as a system aims to reduce defects and improve the quality and secondly on the field study carried out by the researcher through conducting the open questionnaire that include interviews conducted by the researcher with a slice of engineers experienced in the implementation of construction projects that leads to design closed questionnaire included the major axes of  the research and distributed on a selected sample of engineers with expertise in this area. The researcher applying the (DMAIC) methodology is one of the methods adopted for the application of Six Sigma on the case study (the project of structures laboratory at University of Baghdad) for the purpose of identifying the most important defects that may appear in the implementation of the concrete structure and assess the quality of implementation of the concrete structure and then analyzing the causes of these defects and propose procedures to enhance the performance and quality improvement depending on the field survey was conducted. The most important research conclusions are sigma level for the case study is 2.35 and the number of defects per million opportunities is 211905 and this Sigma level is very small which indicates the low level of quality for the case study.
Formal Characteristics of the Architectural Type of contemporary Mosques within the concept of Topology
Authors: Mahdi Nawar Sami , Mahdi Saba Sami
Published: July 2023

Mosques could be considered as one of the most powerful architectural types throughout historical ages. With their highly symbolic formal legacy, Mosques  play an essential role in providing the Islamic city with its special identity. Nevertheless, the advent of digital technology and its ubiquity at different levels of architectural design marked the emergence of new tendencies in the Architecture of Mosques, represented by various models added to the storage of this architectural type. Consequently a review of these tendencies would be needed, aiming at pointing out the formal transformations and new suggested characteristics.

The paper investigates the surviving and the disappearing formal components of  the Mosque Type, and reviews the different ways they are contemporarily  employed within the notion of  Topology in Architecture. This is achieved through the study and analysis of several examples of contemporary mosques , with comparison to the development of the formal components undergone by the Mosque type.
Vibration Analysis of a Composite Plate with Delamination
Authors: Hadi Nabil Hassan , Hamood Basim Jameel
Published: July 2023

The use of composite materials has vastly increased in recent years. Great interest is therefore developed in the damage detection of composites using non- destructive test methods. Several approaches have been applied to obtain information about the existence and location of the faults. This paper used the vibration response of a composite plate to detect and localize delamination defect based on the modal analysis. Experiments are conducted to validate the developed model. A two-dimensional finite element model for multi-layered composites with internal delamination is established. FEM program are built for plates under different boundary conditions. Natural frequencies and modal displacements of the intact and damaged multi-layer composite plates are subsequently analyzed for various samples. Also, composite plates are made for vibration testing and analysis and to comparison of the numerical and experimental results, shows good agreement between them.
Symbolic aesthetics in steel structural systems
Authors: Khuraibet Usama Abdul-Mun'em
Published: July 2023

The aesthetic expression and its orders are important for steel structures forming. Steel structures are a compilation of structural elements, where its shapes have standard dimensions and pre-fabricated. As the steel construction systems not only aim to achieve the functional requirements for users, but must also have the symbolic aesthetics which provides visually and cognitive expression for viewers. In this sense the research interested in expressional aesthetics in these systems and highlights the importance of attention as structural items. Therefore the visual items which related with steel structures contain some of the most powerful forms of modern architecture, steel structures with a glass cladding, agility and accuracy in manufacture of structural elements as visual items, structural interest in the forms of spaces which have long span systems or in high buildings are different forms of expression and influence. So the research focuses on the study of those expressive patterns related with the steel construction properties, including the advantages of these systems at the level of strength and firmness, flexibility and economy as well as aesthetic and expression. Accordingly, the research problem concentrated on educational shortage in the study of the structural steel system aspects concerning constructional characteristic, expressive and aesthetic features, and how to deal with them as a language bearing the symbols and meanings which have clear structural style, because it the best ways to make those systems as communication means with users, by premise that the use of expressional symbol in steel construction increases the aesthetic value. Therefore the research aims to reveal the most structural and expressive patterns by analysis the expressional means and steel structural aesthetics.