bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of clinico-immunological response to art in HIV infected children in western Rajasthan
Authors: Verma Suresh Kumar , Mourya Harish Kumar , Mourya Saroj , Nangal Laxman
Published: August 2017

Background: Study of clinico immunological response to antiretroviral drugs in HIV infected children.Methods: 50 HIV positive children after immunological categorization put on first line pediatric ART treatment according to pediatric ART NACO guideline, side effect, clinical response (in the form of change of WHO clinical staging), and immunological response (in the form of change of CD4 count, and immunological staging) were noted on follow up study.Results: The Correlation between WHO clinical staging and immunological staging was poor so initiating anti retro viral treatment should be preferably based on CD4 count. Children who were initiated on ART have a significant improvement in both WHO clinical and immunological staging at the six and twelve months follow up and ART found to be well tolerated.Conclusions: Significant clinical and immunological improvement occur in the children who were put on ART based on CD4 counts provided if the adherence level is very good.
Clinico-epidemiological features of malaria among children attending a tertiary care hospital: a two year study
Authors: Munagala Venkata Krishna , UmaMahesh Ramisetty M. , Jithendra Kandati , Ponugoti Muni Lakshmi , Nandam Mohan Rao
Published: August 2017

Background: Malaria caused by Plasmodium species and transmitted by Female anopheles mosquito, still remains as a major public health concern around the world. India is one of the major contributors of malaria cases in South East Asia. Malaria accounts for 205,000 deaths with 55,000 deaths occurring in early childhood. In endemic areas, children under 5 years are particularly susceptible to infection, illness and death. The present study was aimed to study the clinical, epidemiological profile of malaria cases among children (<12 years) attending a tertiary care hospital. We also assessed the complications associated with non-severe and severe malaria. Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital for a period of two years and all children <12 years of age diagnosed with malaria were enrolled in the study. The demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters were observed and noted. Cases were categorized into severe and non-severe malaria based on the WHO guidelines.Results: A total of 2420 cases were observed and 250 cases of malaria were diagnosed, of which 136 were p. vivax mono infections, 82 falciparum malaria and 32 had evidence of mixed infections. Males were predominant in the study (58.8%) and 1-5 years was the common age group. Fever was the most common symptom (100%) in all cases and pallor, edema was common in falciparum malaria. jaundice was observed in 62% of mixed infections and altered sensorium in 43% of mixed infections. Severe malaria was observed almost equally in vivax and falciparum cases. Hyperparasitemia, cerebral malaria was common in falciparum cases than vivax. Thrombocytopenia, hypoglycemia and impaired consciousness were more common in mixed infections than falciparum and vivax cases.Conclusions: Present study finally concludes that there is a significant change in the trends of vivax malaria in this region where both species coexist. The spectrum of complications seen in vivax and falciparum follow a similar pattern, then mentioned earlier that complications are less frequently seen in vivax than falciparum malaria. Hence more number of studies is required to generate the differing patterns associated with vivax and compare them with different studies from geographic regions.
Profile of children with pleural effusion in an urban tertiary care hospital
Authors: Saliya Maulik P. , Joshi Gurudutt S.
Published: August 2017

Background: Management of pleural effusions depends on their origin whether exudates or transudates, simple or complicated with septations and pneumonia. A complicated effusion requires longer treatment. This study was carried out to find out types of effusion and their etiology.Methods: A Prospective study of 34 patients was analyzed for clinical and laboratory profile, origin and type of fluid, etiology of pleural effusion in pediatric patients.Results: Majority of the patients were in 6-11 years age group. Fever and cough were most common clinical symptoms in all type of effusion. Parapneumonic effusion was most common type of effusion followed by tuberculosis and empyema. Almost all exudates satisfied Lights criteria.Conclusions: Pleural effusions are mostly exudative in origin in pediatric age and are associated with consolidation and septations especially in empyema. In tubercular Pleural effusion, Sputum for AFB was positive in more number of patients as compared to CBNAAT in this study.
Convulsive status epilepticus in children
Authors: Jagannathan Hemachitra , Palanivelu Senthilkumar
Published: August 2017

Background: Present study was undertaken to study the clinical profile, immediate outcome and possible risk factors for mortality in children with convulsive status epilepticus, admitted in pediatric intensive care unit in a tertiary care centre.Methods: This retrospective descriptive study included children between 1 month and 12 years of age admitted in pediatric intensive care unit with convulsive status epilepticus from April 2016 to March 2017. They were evaluated for their clinical presentation, laboratory parameters and immediate outcome.  Data were gathered on 52 patients with convulsive status epilepticus. Factors were analysed using univariate and multivariate analyses.Results: Among the 52 patients, the observations made were, common age group1-5years (51%), males (63%), wih fever (62%), idiopathic seizures (41.5%), febrile status epilepticus (22.7%) abnormal eeg (9.4%), leuocytosis (54.7%), csf abnormalities (33%), prolonged seizures (33%), need for intubation (31%), shock (29%), mortality (9.4%).Conclusions: Clinical profile of children with convulsive status epilepticus is described. Presence of shock, need for intubation and prolonged seizures are significantly associated with mortality.
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica: an emerging threat
Authors: Shah Zalak , Soodhana Dhanya , Kalathia Mitul , Parikh Yogesh
Published: August 2017

Infection by Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (E.meningoseptica) is very rare. It is associated with neonatal meningitis and other infections, especially in preterm neonates. We report a case of preterm neonate infected by E.meningoseptica clinically presented with meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis. The patient succumbed in spite of timely diagnosis and institution of appropriate antibiotics. Although rare but infections casued by E.meningoseptica are often severe and life threatening. It should be considered as an emerging threat and efforts to identify and prompt treatment should be considered in neonates suffering from meningitis.
Progress towards elimination of lymphatic filariasis in two districts of Maharashtra: scenario of last five years
Authors: Chaudhary Sanjeev M. , Kubde Sanjay S. , Khamgaonkar Mohan B.
Published: August 2017

Background: Filaria was identified as one of the diseases to be eliminated globally and its global elimination by the year 2020 has been envisaged by World Health Organization (WHO). A large coverage- compliance gap has been found in many MDA programmes in India. Togo is the first sub-Saharan country to have stopped MDAs after prevalence data suggested that LF transmission had been interrupted. The successful Togo program demonstrates that LF elimination can be achieved in countries with limited resources. This study was undertaken to assess the situation of MDA coverage and compliance in two districts of Maharashtra.Methods: This is a community- based cross sectional study carried out in four selected clusters each in Nagpur and Bhandara districts of Maharashtra. Stratified random sampling is adopted for selection of households. In each district, 120 households are surveyed for the purpose of MDA evaluation every year. The coverage calculated in this article is programme coverage.Results: The coverage found in the year 2011 in Nagpur district was 63%, after which it was consistently rising every year. Similarly in Bhandara district, the coverage found was 70% in the year 2010, after which there was a rise every year. But the actual consumption rate was far less when compared to the coverage reported by the drug distributor, or the medical officer (more than 90% compliance is reported every year). Commonest reason for not consuming the drug was fear of side effects of the drug, which they must have experienced in the previous years activity, or seen other persons having side effects.Conclusions: Gradual increase in compliance of drug consumption over the period of five years in both the districts shows good progress towards the path of elimination.
Social anxiety disorder in medical students: socio-demographic correlates
Authors: Jogdande Amit J. , Gupta Anurag
Published: August 2017

Background: The aims and objectives were to find types of social anxiety disorders among MBBS students; to study association of socio demographic factors and social anxiety disorder among MBBS students. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 150 medical students of 2nd and 3rd year who were willing to participate. Students were asked to fill pretested structured pro-forma, maintaining all the privacy. The social phobia inventory (SPIN) questionnaire was used to diagnose SAD. Mild social anxiety is considered as normal. Analysis was done using the SPSS Version 20. Results: Out of 150 medical students, mostly (54%) were not having SAD and 46% of students who were having SAD. 27% of students were having mild SAD and 19% of students were having significant SAD. Mild social anxiety is considered as normal. Factors as gender, score in 10th standard, score in 12th standard, mother’s education, student’s residence after age of 18 years, student’s either of parents are dead or alive, were found to be significantly associated with SAD. After applying multiple logistic regression it was found that Gender (female), <75% in 10thStd, <75% in 12thStd and Mothers education <12th standard were found to be significantly associated with SAD in students. Conclusions: Out of 150 medical students, 19% of students were having significant SAD. Gender (female), <75% in 10thStd, <75% in 12thStd and Mothers education <12th standard were found to be significantly associated with SAD in students.
A study on prevalence of anaemia and various factors influencing anaemia among adolescent girls in urban and rural field practice areas of Osmania Medical College
Authors: Rani Gurram Sudha , Baburao Bollampalli
Published: August 2017

Background: Adolescents in India represent over 1/5th (22.3%) of total population. Iron deficiency anaemia is the commonest medical disorder and is a problem of serious public health condition with epidemic proportions. It has significant impact on physical, psychological development, immunity, behaviour, and work performance. The objectives of the study were to determine prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls and to study the various factors associated with anaemia in urban and rural field practice areas of Osmania Medical CollegeMethods: A total of 760 adolescent girls (380 in each area) were interviewed and examined. BMI was calculated with anthropometric calculator available in WHO anthroplus. Method of haemoglobin estimation is by cyneamethe-heamoglobin. Anaemia was classified based on WHO classification. Results: The prevalence of anaemia was 74.5% and 82.6% in rural and urban area respectively. In rural area, 84 (87.5%) of girls were anaemic who were menstruating more than 7 days and only 31 (45.6%) were anaemic who were menstruating less than 3 days. Majority of married subjects were anaemic in both urban (82.4%) and rural (95.8%) area. Religion did not have significant relation with anaemia. Prevalence of anaemia was more in lower and lower middle class. In the present study majority of thin girls were anaemic in both rural (97.4%) and urban (94.8%) area with significant statistical association. In present study those who were taking meat more than once a week had less percentage of anaemia 38 (36.9). Those respondents who never took green leafy vegetables have more prevalence of anaemia in both areas. All were statistically associated. Conclusions: Anaemia which is a very serious problem in adolescent girls requires urgent action and practicable interventions
A cross-sectional study on domestic accidents in the urban field practice area of a private medical college, Davangere, Karnataka
Authors: G. Netra , Nawaz Ayesha S. , Kumar Aswin , Kusum Mane , Varadaraja Rao B. A.
Published: August 2017

Background: The public health experts have coined the name ‘Modern Day Epidemic’ for accidents. Accidents especially domestic are a world-wide public health problem. The relationship between domestic accidents and human health is direct and associated with a chain of socio-economic consequences. The objectives were to study the magnitude and types of domestic accidents in the urban field practice area and to study the healthcare seeking behaviour following domestic accidents.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out during September 2016 - November 2016 in the urban field practice area of a Medical College in Davangere. A sample size of 2000 was covered by interviewing 366 households. By using pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire information was collected on basic socio-demographic details, housing conditions, nature and timing of domestic accidents and the health care seeking behaviour.Results: The magnitude of domestic accidents was 5.2%, with falls being the most common domestic accidents (67.2%) occurring during the evening hours. Health seeking behaviour was found to be satisfactory.Conclusions: In our study the domestic accidents were more commonly found in the extreme age groups. Falls were the most frequent type of domestic accidents which occurred during the morning and evening hours, therefore there is a need for adequate lighting during evening hours to prevent dim light as well as proper designing of house to make it elderly and children friendly. The health education should be given regarding necessary safety precautions to reduce the occurrence of domestic accidents.
Prevalence of depression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with fasting blood sugar levels, in an urban area of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu
Authors: V. M Anantha Eashwar , S. Gopalakrishnan , R. Umadevi
Published: August 2017

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and depressive disorders are among the major health problems in our community. Chronic medical conditions, like diabetes are affectively stressful for patients and may influence pathophysiologic mechanisms as well as mood. This can lead to depression and poor prognosis of T2DM. This study was done to assess the prevalence of depression among T2DM patients and its association with glycemic control.Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among 300 T2DM patients attending Urban Health Training Center (UHTC), Anakaputhur, which belongs to the urban field practice area of our institution. Fasting Blood Sugar levels (FBS) were assessed retrospectively from their medical records; and they were screened for depression by administering the nine items, “Patient Health Questionnaire - 9”.Results: Of the 300 T2DM patients, 54% were females. The mean age of the participants was 53±9.7 years. 31% of the study participants had fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels above 125 mg/dl. Depression was present in 39.7% of the individuals, among which, 17.3% had mild depression, 13% had moderate depression, 6.7% had moderately severe depression and 2.7% had severe depression. Depression was found to be significantly associated with increasing fasting blood sugar levels, diabetic complications, female gender and diabetic treatment.Conclusions: This study shows that depression is highly prevalent among T2DM patients and is associated with poor prognosis, as reflected by poor glycemic control (FBS) and the occurrence of diabetic complications. So screening and counselling for depression among T2DM patients have to be carried out for optimum control and treatment of T2DM.
Prevailing lifestyle risk factors and its association with complications among hypertensives in a rural area of Kancheepuram district in Tamil Nadu
Authors: A. Geetha , S. Gopalakrishnan , R. Umadevi
Published: August 2017

Background: Hypertension is one of the more common non communicable diseases worldwide. There is the need for life style modifications along with the treatment for managing these diseases. But some people may continue with the lifestyle risk factors even after the occurrence of the disease, leading to complications in future. The study was planned with the objectives of identifying the prevailing lifestyle risk factors and association with blood pressure control and identifying the association between the lifestyle risk factors and complications of hypertensive patients in the study area.Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study done in the rural field practice area of a Medical College. Using purposive sampling technique, 300 hypertensive patients attending the rural health training centre were selected as study participant. Data collection was done by structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS 17.Results: Among the study group, males were 54% and females were 46%. The most common life style risk factors was sedentary type physical activity (50.7%), 27% of them added extra salt to their diet, 47.7% of them were current drinkers and 31.7% of them were current smokers. About 53% had controlled hypertension and 47% had uncontrolled hypertension. Physical activity and smoking have statistically significant association with blood pressure control. All the four risk factors like sedentary lifestyle, adding extra salt, drinking and smoking had statistically significant association with complications.Conclusions: Hypertensive patients who tend to continue the lifestyle risk factors are more prone to develop uncontrolled blood pressure which in turn leads to further complications. Thus proper health education, and awareness creation programmes needs to be done for lifestyle modification, as part of intervention.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of tobacco consumption among male college students of a rural area of Pune, Maharashtra
Authors: Sakore Deepika N. , Parande Malangori A. , Tapare Vinay S. , Bhattacharya Susmita
Published: August 2017

Background: Use of tobacco is 2nd major cause of death in the world. The use of tobacco will be responsible for 10 million deaths per year by 2020-2030, mainly in China and India. India rank 4th in total tobacco consumption in the world. The prevention of tobacco use in young Indians appears as the single greatest opportunity for preventing non-communicable disease. The objective was to study knowledge, attitude and practice of tobacco consumption among male college students of rural area of PuneMethods: Present cross-sectional study conducted among male college students of rural field practice area of a medical college during September to October 2015. The students were interviewed with prestructured questionnaire and investigator had explained all the details. The data was tabulated and analyzed using MS excel and SPSS.Results: Total 207 male college students with mean age 18.6±1.2 years were enrolled. 162 (78.3%) students have good knowledge of tobacco consumption effects whereas 191 (92.3%) have favorable attitude towards tobacco consumption. Among study subjects, 26 (12.6%) were consuming tobacco in one and or the other form. Out of these, 15 (57.7%) were smokers. Mean age of initiation of tobacco consumption was 16.9±1.9 years. The knowledge (p=0.034) and attitude (p=0.007) were significantly associated with education of students. The gap between knowledge and practice was also significant (p=0.01).Conclusions: The study suggests though the knowledge of students toward tobacco consumption is adequate, tobacco consumption habit is higher in students. This gap can be reduced by proper counseling of the students.
Sob/sobre notas-desenhos de escuta
Authors: Stolf Raquel
Published: August 2017

O presente texto apresenta investigações em torno de experiências de silêncio, bem como acerca de propostas de escrita, leitura e escuta que pendem segundo ângulos de suspensão (usos de uma palavra pênsil) e de processos que envolvem uma escuta porosa. Tais investigações movem o processo da publicação sonora assonâncias de silêncios [coleção] (2007-2010), que articula relações entre componentes sonoros e escritos, propondo situações de leitura e escuta de silêncios. Mas, se a maquinaria de sentido é algo difícil de interromper e suspender, como propor silêncios em/para outras escutas, em publicações sonoras? Talvez, pela diminuição da audição, trabalhando com audibilidades precárias? Ou tentando pausar o que se ouve no que se escuta? Partindo de outra premissa-interrogação: como ouvir, escutar e escrever-desenhar silêncios?
Estrategias de aprendizaje en la educación superior
Authors: Mendoza Mendoza Adel , Visbal Cadavid Delimiro , Díaz Santana Sandra
Published: August 2017

Este trabajo presenta un estudio realizado a los estudiantes de la facultad de Ingenierías en una universidad, en donde se identifican las estrategias de aprendizaje que ellos emplean, su relación con las variables: rendimiento académico, género, estrato social, tipo de colegio y el tipo de ingeniería que estudian. En este estudio se emplean diversas herramientas estadísticas para el análisis de la información obtenida por medio de una encuesta, tales como análisis descriptivo, regresión logística y árboles de decisión, los resultados obtenidos en cada uno de los análisis estadísticos se contrastaron entre ellos, además se presentan unas propuestas resultantes del análisis de los datos.En la regresión logística, se evaluó la relación que existía entre el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes y las demás variables de estudio con un 61,3 % de predicción de casos correcta, en los resultados obtenidos con el árbol de decisión se observa una coherencia con lo mostrado por la regresión logística.
Diseño de Estrategias de aprendizaje móvil a través de ambientes mezclados de aprendizaje
Authors: Boude Figueredo Oscar , Barrero Iris
Published: August 2017

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en una investigación que se desarrolló en el municipio de Fusagasugá a finales del 2013 por parte de la Universidad de La Sabana, cuyo objetivo fue determinar la contribución de un proceso de formación del profesorado en el diseño de estrategias de aprendizaje móvil. A nivel metodológico se realizó un estudio cualitativo, con alcance exploratorio. En él, participaron docentes 245 de 13 instituciones educativas. Los principales resultados muestran que los docentes reconocen la importancia de utilizar los dispositivos móviles para apoyar el desarrollo de sus prácticas docentes, y promover la par-ticipación de sus estudiantes, así como, algunos aspectos que dificultan y facilitan el desa-rrollo de este tipo de procesos de formación. La principal conclusión es que aunque, el uso de los dispositivos es cada vez más frecuente en las aulas, este uso no responde a una pla-neación didáctica por parte del profesor.Â
Ideal de servicio: orígenes de la inadecuación filosófica de la Ingeniería
Authors: González Parra Dany Mauricio , Jaramillo Patiño Diego Fernando , González Osorio Ãlvaro
Published: August 2017

La ingeniería, en tanto profesión, enfrenta la dificultad de compaginar su cuerpo de conocimientos con su ideal de servicio. Relación que se presenta clara en profesiones tradicionales como la medicina o el derecho.Esta inadecuación es una de las principales causas de la dificultad que se enfrenta a la hora de intentar definir ingeniería. En el presente trabajo se sostiene que el origen de la inadecuación está en la manera en la que se ha asumido que debe llevarse a cabo la reflexión en el campo de la ética de la ingeniería, la cual adolece de un fundamento axiológico y trasciende los currículos de los diferentes programas de ingeniería. Para respaldar lo planteado en el trabajo, (1) se analizan algunas de las principales definiciones de ingeniería, (2)se explica en qué consiste la inadecuación señalada, (3) se presenta la relación de esta inadecuación con la ausencia de una fundamentación axiológica de la reflexión alrededor de la ética de la ingeniería.Palabras clave: axiología, ética, ideal de servicio, ingeniería.
Algunas consideraciones sobre los libros del canon literario
Authors: Posada Ramírez Jorge Gregorio
Published: August 2017

El siguiente texto muestra que las obras clásicas de la literatura, también conocidas como libros del canon, amplían la vida interior de quienes los leen. La permanencia y expansión en tiempo y espacio que hace de un libro una obra clásica se irradia en el lector extendiendo su yo hacia vivencias que van más allá de sus confines biográficos, sociales y culturales. Tomando como ejemplo cuatro obras de la literatura: Edipo Rey de Sófocles, La muerte en Venecia de Thomas Mann, El laberinto de la soledad de Octavio Paz, y Altazor de Vicente Huidobro se expone una interpretación de la manera cómo las obras clásicas de la literatura tienen el poder de profundizar y enriquecer las experiencias corrientes de sus lectores, extendiendo los confines y posibilidades del pensamiento.
Orthogonal labeling
Authors: Immanuel Bernard , Sugeng Kiki A.
Published: August 2017

Let ∆G be the maximum degree of a simple connected graph G(V,E). An injective mapping P : V → R∆G is said to be an orthogonal labeling of G if uv,uw ∈ E implying (P(v) − P(u)) · (P(w) − P(u)) = 0, where · is the usual dot product defined in Euclidean space. A graph G which has an orthogonal labeling is called an orthogonal graph. This labeling is motivated by the existence of several labelings defined by some algebraic structure, i.e. harmonious labeling and group distance magic labeling. In this paper we study some preliminary results on orthogonal labeling. One of the early result is the fact that cycle graph with even vertices are orthogonal, while ones with odd vertices are not. The main results in this paper state that any graph containing K3 as its subgraph is non-orthogonal and that a graph G′ obtained from adding a pendant to a vertex in orthogonal graph G is orthogonal. In the end of the paper we state the corollary that any tree is orthogonal.
Dominating number of distance two of corona products of graphs
Authors: Umilasari Reni , Darmaji Darmaji
Published: August 2017

Dominating set $S$ in graph $G=(V,E)$ is a subset of $V(G)$ such that every vertex of $G$ which is not element of $S$ are connected and have distance one to $S$. Minimum cardinality among dominating sets in a graph $G$ is called dominating number of graph $G$ and denoted by $\gamma(G)$. While dominating set ofdistance two which denoted by $S_2$ is a subset of $V(G)$ such that every vertex of $G$ which is not element of $S$ are connected and have maximum distance two to $S_2$. Dominating number of distance two $\gamma_2(G)$ is minimum cardinality of dominating set of distance two $S_2$. The corona $G \odot H$ of two graphs $G$ and $H$ where $G$ has $p$ vertices and $q$ edges is defined as the graph G obtained by taking one copy of $G$ and $p$ copies of $H$, and then joining by an edge the $i-th$ vertex of $G$ to every vertex in the $i-th$ copy of $H$. In this paper, we determine the dominating number of distance two of paths and cycles. We also determine the dominating number of distance two of corona product of path and any graphs as well as cycle and any graphs.
Zagreb indices of block-edge transformation graphs and their complements
Authors: Basavanagoud Bommanahal , Patil Shreekant
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we obtain expressions for first and second Zagreb indices and coindices of block-edge transformation graphs G^{ab}. Analogous expressions are obtained also for the complements of G^{ab}.
Papelar o pedagógico
Authors: Dias Susana Oliveira
Published: August 2017

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O livre-arbítrio em Agostinho: gênese do conceito no livro VII das Confissões
Authors: Marques Maria Janaina Brenga
Published: August 2017

Para considerar o livre-arbítrio, Agostinho deve mobilizar concepções já estabelecidas sobre a natureza divina, sobre a natureza do mal e também sobre a natureza da alma humana. À medida que tais concepções se modificam no pensamento do autor, o livre-arbítrio assume contornos diversos até obter sua forma mais acabada, na qual se revela como raiz do mal moral e também como essencialmente viciado. Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar as tramas conceituais supostas na concepção de livre-arbítrio, evidenciando a lógica interna no movimento envolvendo a conversão de Agostinho ao cristianismo.
Evolução dos Toxodontia da América do Sul durante o Cenozoico: aspectos dentários, paleoclimáticos e paleoambientais
Authors: Braunn Patrícia Rodrigues , Ribeiro Ana Maria
Published: August 2017

Os notoungulados são ungulados nativos sul-americanos registrados do Paleoceno ao Pleistoceno, e cuja diversidade declinou drasticamente durante o Plioceno, alcançando a América Central e América do Norte durante o Pleistoceno. Notoungulados evoluíram sob influência climática e ambiental, de linhagens arcaicas, com sistema mastigatório generalizado, com dentição completa, sem diastema, com molares e pré-molares braquiodontes, a formas especializadas com incisivos hipertrofiados, padrões oclusais da coroa simplificados e formas proto-hipsodontes e eu-hipsodontes. Estas comunidades viveram primeiramente em hábitats florestais quentes e úmidos, e posteriormente, em pastagens relativamente temperadas de hábitats abertos, com forte tendência à aridização e ao resfriamento ao longo do Cenozoico. Além da evolução da morfologia macroscópica dentária observada em Notoungulata, também é possível evidenciar a evolução dos tipos de microestrutura do esmalte, através da presença de características mais derivadas em formas eu-hipsodontes, indicando adaptação funcional e conferindo maior resistência ao consumo de vegetação mais abrasiva.
PROPORTION OF HBsAg AND HBeAg POSITIVE IN MATERNAL PATIENTS AND THEIR HBsAg POSITIVES BABIES WITH IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS OF HBV IMMUNIZATION IN Dr. SOETOMO GENERAL HOSPITAL, SURABAYA
Authors: Tanadi Melina Rosita , Lusida Maria Inge , Joewono Hermanto Tri
Published: August 2017

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) can be transmitted vertically from mother to her baby. Mothers with HBsAg and HBeAg positives have more risk of transmitting HBV to her baby rather than HBsAg positives only. The aim of this study is to determine the proportion of maternal patient with HBsAg and HBeAg positives and their HBsAg positives babies with immunoprophylaxis of HBV immunization. This study was performed by analytical observation using medical records in 2013-2014 at Obstetric and Gyn ecology Department, Dr. Soetomo Hospital. The samples were all maternal patients (3796) during that period and also their babies from HBsAg positives mothers. Unfortunately, several original medical records were not available. Thirty two (0,85%) out of 3781 maternal patients were found to be HBsAg positives, and three (9,37%) of 32 patients with HBsAg positives were HBeAg positives. From 32 mothers who were positive HBsAg, 22 complete medical records of their babies were found and all of them (100%) had been given Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine less than twelve hours after birth. In three cases of the babies from HBeAg positives mothers which had been given prophylaxis properly, two cases each of which was with caesarean and spontaneous delivery were HBsAg negatives. Interestingly, the other one which born with spontaneous delivery was found to be HBsAg positives. Further study in this HBsAg positives baby, especially in analyzing its HBV DNA is needed. The epidemiology of hepatitis B in maternal patients, especially that with complete and neat data needs further research.
Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Anemia pada Kehamilan Usia Remaja
Authors: Putri Pratiwi Hariyani , Sulistiyono Agus , Mahmudah Mahmudah
Published: August 2017

Tujuan: menganalisis beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian anemia pada kehamilan usia remaja di Kecamatan Sawahan Kota Surabaya.Bahan dan Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah Observational Analitik. Desain yang digunakan adalah case control karena menggunakan 2 kelompok yaitu kasus (ibu hamil usia remaja dengan anemia) dan kelompok kontrol (ibu hamil usia remaja yang tidak mengalami anemia) yang masing-masing berjumlah 52 ibu hamil.Hasil: Terdapat hubungan antara kepatuhan minum tablet Fe dengan anemia kehamilan usia remaja, namun kepatuhan minum tablet Fe tidak berpengaruh terhadap anemia kehamilan usia remaja; Ibu hamil dengan pola makan kurang dari angka kecukupan gizi (AKG) kemungkinan anemia 6,321 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan ibu hamil yang pola makannya lebih dari sama dengan angka kecukupan gizi (AKG); Ibu hamil yang tidak teratur melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan kemungkinan anemia 4,421 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan ibu hamil yang teratur melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan.Simpulan: Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap anemia pada kehamilan usia remaja adalah kepatuhan minum tablet Fe, pola makan, dan keteraturan pemeriksaan kehamilan.
Analisis Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Kemampuan Ibu Hamil dalam Melakukan Deteksi Dini Risiko Perdarahan Pasca Persalinan dan Preeklamsia
Authors: Dewi Galuh Ajeng Indu , Sulistiyono Agus
Published: August 2017

Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan ibu hamil dalam melakukan deteksi dini risiko perdarahan pasca persalinan dan preeklamsia.Bahan dan Metode: Jenis penelitian observational analitik menggunakan desain cross sectional. Populasi di Puskesmas Sawahan 171 ibu hamil dan di Puskesmas Mulyorejo 164 ibu hamil. Jumlah sampel 62 ibu hamil disetiap puskesmas. Sampling yang dipakai adalah “probability sampling” dengan tehnik “Stratified Random Sampling”. Pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer dengan instrumen kuesioner secara wawancara. Data diolah dan dihitung dengan tabel frekuensi dan tabulasi silang selanjutnya dianalisa dengan Analisis Regresi Logistik Sederhana dan Analisis Regresi Logistik Ganda dengan tingkat kemaknaan 5% (p = 0,05).Hasil: Hasil analisis regresi logistik ganda Puskesmas Sawahan menunjukkan variabel keterpaparan informasi tanda bahaya nilai sig 0,033 dan nilai Exp (B) 5,657 merupakan variabel yang signifikan. Sedangkan hasil analisis regresi logistik ganda Puskesmas Mulyorejo menunjukkan variabel keteraturan ANC nilai sig 0,029 dan nilai Exp (B) 0,244 merupakan variabel signifikan.Simpulan: Puskesmas Sawahan merupakan puskesmas dengan Angka Kematian Ibu tinggi. Selain itu kondisi ibu hamil kurang aktif untuk tanggap dengan kehamilannya sehingga pengetahuan tentang kehamilan dan resikonya sangat kurang. Di Puskesmas Mulyorejo mayoritas ibu hamil di semua umur rutin melakukan pemeriksaan ANC serta mampu melakukan deteksi dini risiko perdarahan pascapersalinan dan preeklamsia dengan baik karena Puskesmas Mulyorejo memiliki wadah informasi yaitu memiliki poli preeklamsia sehingga ibu hamil maupun pasien lain ataupun keluarga pasien dapat lebih banyak menerima informasi seputar tanda bahaya kehamilan khususnya preeklamsia.
Tingginya Infeksi Chlamydia trachomatis pada Kerusakan Tuba Fallopi Wanita Infertil
Authors: Sariroh Wafirotus , Primariawan Relly Yanuari
Published: August 2017

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui gambaran infeksi C. trachomatis pada kerusakan tuba fallopi wanita infertil.Bahan dan Metode: Penelitian ini melibatkan 42 wanita yang menjalani laparoskopi dalam tata laksana infertilitasnya. Infeksi C. trachomatis diperiksa menggunakan metode PCR dari usapan endoserviks dan IgG C. trachomatis diperiksa menggunakan metode ELISA dari darah vena. Kondisi tuba fallopi dilakukan evaluasi saat laparoskopi.Hasil: Didapatkan C. trachomatis sebesar 14,29% dari PCR usapan endoserviks dan 38,10% dari IgG C. trachomatisdi darah. Sebagian besar tuba fallopi pada subyek dengan infeksi C. trachomatis menunjukkan kerusakan, ditandai adanya adhesi perituba, oklusi tuba, fimosis fimbria atau hidrosalping saat laparoskopi. IgG C. trachomatis berbeda signifikan pada kerusakan tuba fallopi (p = 0. 01), sedangkan endometriosis dan riwayat operasi sebagai faktor risiko tidak didapatkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p = 0. 26 dan p = 0. 27). Subyek dengan IgG C. trachomatis memiliki OR: 5. 5 (95% CI 1. 42-21. 7)untuk terjadi kerusakan tuba fallopi. IgG C. trachomatis memiliki sensitifitas 62,5%, spesifisitas 81,25%, PPV 62,5% dan NPV 81,25% dalam mendeteksi kerusakan tuba fallopi bila dikonfirmasi dengan hasil laparoskopi.Simpulan: Angka kejadian infeksi C. trachomatis pada wanita infertil cukup tinggi. Pemeriksaan IgG C. trachomatis dapat menjadi penanda adanya kerusakan tuba fallopi.
Pengaruh Monoklonal Antibodi Bovine Zona Pelusida 3 (bZP3) terhadap Diameter dan Atresia Folikel Ovarium Mencit (Mus musculus)
Authors: Trissatharra Annisa , Dwiningsih Sri Ratna , Munir Ratna Sofaria
Published: August 2017

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh antibodi monoklonal bZP3 dalam folikel ovarium yang mengalami atresia dan diameter berbagai folikel ovarium.Bahan dan Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental sejati dengan post only control group design. Sampel berupa 36 mencit (Mus musculus) betina yang terbagi menjadi 6 kelompok, 3 kelompok kontrol (kelompok 1, 2, dan 3) diberi Phospatase Buffer Saline (PBS) 50 µl dan 3 kelompok perlakuan (kelompok 4, 5, dan 6) diberi Mab bZP3 50 µl. Kelompok 1 dan 4 dihentikan pada hari ke-5, kelompok 2 dan 5 dihentikan pada hari ke-10, dan kelompok 3 dan 6 dihentikan pada hari ke-20. Evaluasi folikel atresia ovarium dan diameter folikel ovarium dilakukan dengan hematoxylin eosin (HE) dan data diolah dengan statistik parametrik.Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada berbagai aspek folikel atresia dan diameter folikel (p> 0,05), namun secara deskriptif, jumlah folikel yang mengalami atresia pada kelompok perlakuan primer, sekunder, dan tersier lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kontrol, kecuali pada hari ke-20 waktu observasi.Simpulan: Pemberian Mab bZP3 tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah folikel atresia dan diameter folikel selama waktu pengamatan.
Effect of pregnant women’s knowledge and therapy regimentation towards compliance in consuming iron (Fe) tablets and anemia degree in South Kediri Public Health Center year 2016
Authors: Anggraini Dina Dewi , Purnomo Windhu , Trijanto Bambang
Published: August 2017

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the influence of knowledge and regimentation of pregnant women consume tablets therapy adherence iron (Fe) and anemia in pregnant women in the South Regional Health Center Kediri.Materials and Methods: This study used observational analytic with cross sectional design. The population consisted of 63 third trimester pregnant women and samples taken were 34 third trimester pregnant women who have received 90 tablets of iron (Fe), with a simple random sampling technique. Data obtained from questionnaires, books Maternal and Child Health, and in-depth interviews. Data analysis was performed using ordinal regression and logistic regression.Results: There was an effect of knowledge of pregnant women on adherence to consume tablets of iron (Fe), there is no influence regimentation of therapy on adherence to consume tablets of iron (Fe), and no effect of compliance sufficient to consume tablets of iron (Fe) against anemia in pregnant women (p=0.012). Conclusion: The higher the level of knowledge possessed by pregnant women, pregnant women, the more it tends to stick to consume tablets of iron (Fe) during pregnancy. And no regimentation of therapeutic effect on adherence to consume tablets of iron (Fe) in pregnant women.
At Your Leisure Pilot Project: Providing Leisure Reading Materials to a University Community through an Academic and Public Library Initiative
Authors: Van den Hoogen Suzanne , Fleuren-Hunter Kristel
Published: August 2017

Leisure reading collections were once as integral to academic libraries as they currently are to public libraries. This article examines the results of a partnership between an academic and a public library to provide access to leisure reading materials to a university community through a one-year pilot project. Data were collected using circulation statistics, gate counts, and comment cards in the form of book inserts. During the pilot, gate counts increased by 6%, and 91% of participants indicated that they would continue to use the collection often or sometimes. The pilot was officially adopted as a new service at the end of the one-year trial period.

Auparavant, les collections de livres de détente faisaient partie intégrante des bibliothèques académiques tout comme elles font présentement partie des bibliothèques publiques. Cet article présente les résultats d’un partenariat entre une bibliothèque académique et une bibliothèque publique cherchant à donner accès à du matériel de lecture de détente à une communauté universitaire par le biais d’un projet pilote d’un an. Les données ont été recueillies en utilisant des statistiques de prêt, le nombre d’entrées et des commentaires reçus sur des formulaires insérés dans les livres. Durant le projet pilote, le nombre d’entrées a augmenté de 6% et 91% des participants ont indiqué qu’ils continueraient d’utiliser la collection souvent ou à l’occasion. Le projet a été adopté officiellement comme nouveau service suite au pilote d’un an.
The Economics of Yield Maintenance: An Example from Florida Sugarcane
Authors: Schmitz Andrew , Zhu Manhong
Published: August 2017

The seminal work by Edmé et al. (2005) was reviewed to examine both the dynamics of sugarcane yield changes and the impact of new sugarcane varieties in Florida. That study used linear trend regression analysis on the 1968 to 2000 period and found significant yield and sugar content improvements due to new genetics. Using the same statistical technique, this study indicates that neither of these was significant after 2000. The concept of yield maintenance is introduced where it is quite possible that significant investment in research and development (R&D) is needed to prevent yields from dropping significantly. Even so, there can be a high rate of return to R&D investment in new crop varieties even though yields may not show a positive increase. It is possible that the rates of return to R&D for new crop variety developments have been underestimated.
Mobile impurities in integrable models
Authors: Campbell Andrew , Gangardt Dimitri
Published: August 2017

We use a mobile impurity or depleton model to study elementary
excitations in one-dimensional integrable systems. For Lieb-Liniger and
bosonic Yang-Gaudin models we express two phenomenological parameters
characterising renormalised interactions of mobile impurities with
superfluid background: the number of depleted particles,
NN
and the superfluid phase drop \pi JπJ
in terms of the corresponding Bethe Ansatz solution and demonstrate, in
the leading order, the absence of two-phonon scattering resulting in
vanishing rates of inelastic processes such as viscosity experienced by
the mobile impurities.
La construcción de herramientas de Gestión Integral del Riesgo de Desastres a nivel local. La experiencia del Municipio de Gral. San Martín
Authors: Gatti Claudia , García Analía , Vera Juan , Verrastro España , Fontanet Fernando
Published: August 2017

El artículo contribuye al debate entre expertos de gestión del riesgo de desastres frente al desafío de la prevención, mitigación y preparación ante emergencia en zonas urbanas altamente complejas. A partir del análisis de un estudio de caso sobre la activación de un proceso de gestión local del riesgo en el Municipio de San Martín (MSM), Argentina, se definen buenas prácticas y lecciones aprendidas para la activación de procesos multidisciplinarios y multiactorales de gestión del riesgo de desastres en contextos urbanos complejos. El trabajo apunta a generar aportes para la elaboración de políticas de gestión integral del riesgo a nivel municipal, provincial y nacional.
Klebsiella spp. in the pathology of poultry and their role in epidemiology of human foodborne diseases
Authors: Kowalczyk Joanna , Śmiałek Marcin , Tykałowski Bartłomiej , Koncicki Andrzej
Published: August 2017

One of the important problems, increasing successively, in intensive poultry production are bacterial infections, and the major reason of this inconvenient situation is increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. In most cases infections are caused by bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, especially Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Additionally, bacteria Klebsiella spp. are isolated from many pathological conditions of poultry. To date these bacteria were isolated from dead embryos, yolk sac infections, pathological conditions associated with ascites, cellulitis, diseases with respiratory symptoms and from skin swabs of poultry carcasses. Klebsiella spp. are considered to be microbes of low pathogenicity, but in the case of birds’ immunosuppression they can intensify the course of primary infections. Moreover, an alarming fact is the very wide antimicrobial resistance of strains of these bacteria, and Klebsiella spp. is the frequent cause of critical infections in humans. The presence of these bacteria in poultry, and therefore the possibility of contamination of poultry carcasses, especially if processed without correct heat treatment, may serve as a source of infections for humans, which has been described in the past in studies with the use of phylogenetic analysis.
Studies concerning the role of Hemorrhagic Enteritis Virus in the pathology of turkeys conducted in the Department of Poultry Diseases in Olsztyn over the last 30 years
Authors: Tykałowski Bartłomiej , Koncicki Andrzej
Published: August 2017

In Poland, Hemorrhagic Enteritis Virus (HEV) was first isolated in 1987. Over nearly thirty years numerous studies concerning the pathology of HEV infection of turkeys were conducted at the Department of Poultry Diseases in Olsztyn. The results of these studies contributed to one postdoctoral dissertation, five doctoral dissertations and one master's thesis, as well as numerous publications and papers presented at national and international conferences. Over time, through the use of state of art laboratory techniques, such as flow cytometry and molecular biology, it has been demonstrated that Polish isolates of HEV are low pathogenic, but they possess strong immunosuppressive activity; moreover, these viruses occur very frequently in turkey flocks and are involved in pathological conditions of turkeys in our country. It has been further demonstrated that even the HEV isolates which are low pathogenic cause a subclinical course of the disease which impairs both humoral and cell mediated immune mechanisms, leading to exacerbation of ongoing disease processes and decreased vaccine induced immunity development, which consequently cause large economic losses in the turkey industry.