bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatic fatty acids profile, oxidative stability and egg quality traits ameliorated by supplementation of alternative lipid sources and milk thistle meal
Authors: Gholamalian Reihaneh , Mahdavi Amir Hossein , Riasi Ahmad
Published: June 2021

This study assessed the effects of different levels of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) meal (MTM) on egg quality traits, oxidative stability, blood biochemical parameters and liver health indices in laying hens receiving diets supplemented with lipid from different sources. For this purpose, Leghorn laying hens (Hy‐Line W‐36) were randomly assigned to 12 experimental treatments with eight replicates of five birds each. Dietary treatments consisted of four dietary fat sources (fish oil, sunflower oil, poultry oil and fat powder, each with different fatty acid profiles) and three levels of MTM (0.0, 15 and 30 g/kg) offered through 10 days of adaptation and 70 days of main recording. Results showed that dietary inclusion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including fish or sunflower oils, reduced serum cholesterol content but increased blood malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (p < 0.05). While fish oil improved the yolk colour index and Haugh unit (p < 0.05), it decreased yolk cholesterol concentration (p < 0.01). The highest hepatic glycogen content and tissue integrity as well as the lowest liver lipid percentage and MDA content were observed in birds fed diets supplemented with poultry oil. On the other hand, feeding 30 g/kg of MTM reduced not only hepatic lipid percentage but also aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities (p < 0.01), while it improved eggshell strength and thickness (p < 0.05). Supplementation of fat powder enhanced hepatic C16:0 content, while addition of poultry, sunflower or fish oil increased C18:1, C18:2 or C20:5 concentrations respectively (p < 0.01); nonetheless, feeding the highest level of MTM reduced hepatic ΣSFA but increased Σn‐3 fatty acids (p < 0.01). The interaction effects indicated that fish or sunflower oil supplementation increased the MTM level required to reduce not only serum or egg cholesterol concentrations (p < 0.05) but also blood or hepatic MDA content (p < 0.01). It was concluded that fish oil and MTM (30 g/kg) supplements might improve internal egg quality traits and eggshell quality respectively. The hepatic fatty acid profile was also found strongly correlated with dietary fatty acids. Finally, the best hepatic health indices and the highest oxidative stability were achieved when the birds were fed diets supplemented with poultry oil and 30 g/kg of MTM.
Rectal temperature is a prognostic indicator in client‐owned guinea pigs
Authors: Levy I. H. , Di Girolamo N. , Keller K. A.
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To determine whether rectal temperature was associated with patient mortality in client‐owned guinea pigs upon presentation to a veterinary hospital.

Materials and Methods

The medical record database at a veterinary teaching hospital was searched for records of guinea pigs from January 2016 through June 2019. Guinea pigs were included in the study if a rectal temperature was measured at presentation and there was data on survival status 7 days post‐presentation. If survivor status was not documented in the medical record, follow‐up information was obtained from the client via telephone or email. The data was ultimately collected from 201 client‐owned guinea pigs who presented for 388 independent examinations. Univariable, multivariable and sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results

Guinea pigs with hypothermia (<37.9°C) at presentation had a relative risk of mortality within 7 days of presentation almost 3 times greater than guinea pigs without hypothermia (relative risk: 2.88; 95% confidence interval: 1.86 to 4.48). For each 0.55°C decrease in rectal temperature, the odds of death increased 1.6 times (odds ratio: 1.64; 95% confidence interval: 1.42 to 2.89). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the finding.

Clinical Significance

Rectal temperature was a predictor of death for guinea pigs presenting for care at a veterinary hospital. Obtaining a rectal temperature recording should be considered for patient guinea pigs.
Top graduate programmes in economics: Historical evolution and recent evidence
Authors: O’Hagan John
Published: June 2021

The first part of the paper provides a novel overview narrative of the historical evolution of PhD programmes in economics from 1880, drawing on multiple sources. The second part is empirical, and, also novel in terms of the data constructed. It attempts to bring the narrative up to date by looking at the cohorts of winners of the main young economist awards in economics in the US and Europe over the last twenty years or so and to chart at which universities they obtained their doctorates and undergraduate degrees. The total number of young (at the time of the award) economists so involved exceeds 350.

The evolution of the American‐style PhD programme of today is traced to the emigration of European economists to the US from Nazi‐occupied Europe in the 1930s, and its subsequent spread first to Britain and then Continental Europe documented. What is new in the last twenty years or so is the emergence of many Top‐50 economics departments in Europe, with corresponding highly regarded PhD programmes. However, in relation to the recent elite young award‐winning economists the position in terms of PhD education of Harvard and MIT particularly remains largely unchallenged, in both the US and Europe.
Comparative efficacy of C‐MAC® Miller videolaryngoscope versus McGrath® MAC size “1” videolaryngoscope in neonates and infants undergoing surgical procedures under general anesthesia: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gupta Anju , Singh Pooja , Gupta Nishkarsh , Kumar Malhotra Rajeev , Girdhar Kiran Kumar
Published: June 2021

Background

Various anatomical and physiological factors make intubation in infants challenging. C‐MAC videolaryngoscope shows better results as compared to the conventional direct laryngoscopy for intubation in infants. McGrath MAC size‐1 with a disposable Macintosh type blade has recently been introduced for use in infants and has not been formally evaluated in this population.

Aims

This study aims to evaluate the intubation characteristics of C‐MAC Miller and McGrath MAC in neonates and infants with the primary objective to compare the time with the two devices.

Methods

After informed consent from the parents, 140 neonates and infants scheduled for surgical procedures were randomized to undergo intubation with either C‐MAC Miller or McGrath MAC after standard general anesthesia. The two devices were compared in terms of total intubation time, Percent of Glottic Opening score, Cormack Lehane grades, time to glottis view, intubation difficulty score, overall success rate, first attempt success rate, and complications.

Results

The median glottic view time (6 s [4–9] vs. 6 s [4–9]; p = .40) and intubation time (27 s [25.5–28] vs. 27 s [24.5–29.5]; p = .87) were similar. The mean difference (95% CI) in time to tracheal intubation and time to glottic view was 0.49 s [−3.1 to 2.1] and −1.7 s [−3.8 to 0.47], respectively. However, the Percent of Glottic Opening score, Cormack Lehane grades, and subjective intubation difficulty were significantly better with C‐MAC. The first attempt success rates, overall success rates (100% vs. 97.5%), and intubation difficulty scores were comparable. There were two failed intubations with McGrath which were successfully intubated with C‐MAC.

Conclusion

The C‐MAC Miller blade showed similar intubation timings, success rates, and intubation difficulty score as compared to McGrath MAC in neonates and infants, though the former provided superior glottic views. Both the videolaryngoscopes may be safely used in infants and neonates for routine intubation scenarios.
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm with cutaneous presentation: A case series in children
Authors: Chan Grace , Akintorin Similolu , Luu Minnelly , Harter Nicole
Published: June 2021

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare, aggressive hematologic malignancy that can present with multiorgan involvement including the skin. While this entity accounts for 0.1% of all cutaneous lymphomas in adults, fewer than 90 pediatric cases have been described in the literature. We present three cases of pediatric BPDCN, highlighting the variable cutaneous and clinical presentation.
Treatment of atrophic acne scars: Topical or intralesional plasma gel?
Authors: Mohamed May Moustafa , Sabry Hanan Hassan , Salem Rehab Mohammed
Published: June 2021

Background

Atrophic post‐acne scarring is considered to be a therapeutic challenge.

Objectives

The aim was to compare the safety and efficacy of (A) FCL combined with intradermal injection of plasma gel, (B) FCL combined with topical application of plasma gel, and (C) FCL monotherapy in the treatment of atrophic post‐acne scars.

Methods

Thirty patients with facial atrophic post‐acne scars were enrolled in this study and randomly assigned into one of three groups. All of them underwent four treatment sessions at 4‐weeks intervals. They were assessed objectively by the quantitative global scarring grading system (GSGS). This system was applied at baseline, and after 1‐ and 6‐month follow‐up (FU). Subjective assessments were performed through the global esthetic improvement scale (GAIS) and level of patient satisfaction. The DLQI questionnaire was employed at the baseline and 6‐month FU.

Results

According to the quantitative GSGS scores, the reductions in group A (68.4%) and group B (63%) scores were comparable, and both were significantly higher than that in group C (41.2%) in all steps of evaluation. At 6‐month FU, both groups A and B showed further significant improvement, while group C did not. Based on the GAIS and patients' satisfaction, there were no significant differences between all groups. The reductions in DLQI scores in groups A and B were comparable; however, both were significantly higher than group C (P < .001).

Conclusions

The combination of plasma gel and FCL resurfacing was noticeably outstanding in their efficacy and impact on the patients' quality of life.
To study the effect of acute infrared radiation‐induced alterations in human skin at cellular and molecular level using in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Ali Syed Mehmood , Khalid Syed Ghufran
Published: June 2021

Background

Solar radiations are classified in terms of wavelengths, including visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet. Infrared radiation (IR) accounts the largest proportion of solar radiations that cause oxidative stress‐induced aging of human skin. This study investigates the biochemical changes in proteins, lipids, and DNA associated with acute exposure to IR radiations.

Method

In vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy was used to examine the forearms region of 20 healthy participants with phototype II skin, aged between 18 and 30 years, without IR incidence (T0), with IR incidence 30 minutes (T30) at day 1 and 30 minutes at day 2 (T60). One‐way ANOVA and two‐tailed t test along with post hoc Bonferroni correction were used to detect the existence of significant differences in the timestamps of stratum corneum, stratum basale, and dermis at all IR wavenumbers under test.

Results

An increase in the Raman peaks of stratum corneum lipids, decrease in stratum basal DNA peaks, and a shift in the amide I peak of collagen in the skin dermis were observed. One‐way ANOVA results showed significant differences among timestamps of stratum corneum, stratum basale, and dermis at all wavenumbers under test (P < .001). Furthermore, paired timestamps also showed significant differences (P < .016) except at two wavenumbers 1293 cm−1 and 852 cm−1 in stratum corneum and basale layer clusters on timestamps (T0 & T30 and T30 & T60, P > .016). This study proved that confocal Raman spectroscopy is an useful technique for early evaluation of IR‐induced skin changes.
Effects of sporadic transthyretin amyloidosis frequently on the gallbladder and the correlation between amyloid deposition in the gallbladder and heart: A forensic autopsy‐based histopathological evaluation
Authors: Ichimata Shojiro , Hata Yukiko , Nishida Naoki
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study is to evaluate the clinicopathological features of cholecystic ATTR deposition in patients with cardiac involvement, investigate the correlation of amyloid deposition severity in the gallbladder and the heart, and compare its prevalence in the gallbladder and other organs. Fifty patients with sporadic ATTR amyloidosis were identified. Of these, we evaluated 15 patients who underwent gallbladder sampling accurately. Among 10 patients (67%) with cholecystic deposition, six exhibited detectable deposition in the hematoxylin and eosin‐stained specimens, and all of them displayed obstructive vascular deposition (VD). The severity of gall bladder VD was statistically correlated with that of cardiac VD and atrial interstitial deposition (ID). Additionally, all patients exhibiting cholecystic ID displayed severe ventricular and atrial IDs. In visceral organs excluding the heart, amyloid deposition was commonly observed in the lungs (93%), followed by the gastrointestinal tract (47%‒80%), liver (60%) and periosteal tissues (53%). The involvement of the gallbladder was prevalent and comparable to that of the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, the severity of cholecystic deposition was correlated with that of cardiac deposition. Therefore, pathologists should be aware that sporadic ATTR amyloidosis is a common condition and should not be overlooked.
Intraoperative pathology consultation during urological surgery: Impact on final margin status and pitfalls of frozen section diagnosis
Authors: Miyamoto Hiroshi
Published: June 2021

Despite recent improvements in diagnostic and surgical techniques in urological oncology, positive resection margin remains a significant concern for surgeons. Meanwhile, intraoperative pathology consultation with frozen section assessment (FSA), particularly for histological diagnosis of the lesions incidentally found or enlarged or sentinel lymph nodes, generally provides critical information which enables immediate decision making for optimal patient care. The intraoperative evaluation of surgical margins is also often requested, although there are some differences in its application between institutions and surgeons. Importantly, it remains to be determined whether intraoperative FSA indeed contributes to reducing the risk of final positive margins and thereby improving long‐term patient outcomes. This review summarizes available data indicating the potential impact of FSA at the surgical margins during urological surgeries, including radical or partial cystectomy, partial nephrectomy, radical prostatectomy, penectomy, and orchiectomy. The accuracy and pitfalls of the intraoperative consultation/FSA diagnosis are also discussed.
Childhood snoring has long‐term adverse effects on cardiovascular health
Authors: Horne Rosemary S. C.
Published: June 2021

See related article
A longitudinal examination of the interpersonal theory of suicide for predicting suicidal ideation among LGBTQ+ youth who utilize crisis services: The moderating effect of gender
Authors: Chang Cindy J. , Feinstein Brian A. , Fulginiti Anthony , Dyar Christina , Selby Edward A. , Goldbach Jeremy T.
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Despite high rates of suicide among LGBTQ+ youth, the interpersonal theory of suicide (IPTS) has rarely been examined in this population. The current study utilized a longitudinal design to examine whether perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness independently and simultaneously predicted higher levels of suicidal ideation over time in a sample of LGBTQ+ youth who utilized crisis services. We also investigated whether gender identity moderated these associations. Methods: A total of 592 youth (12–24 years old) who had contacted a national crisis hotline for LGBTQ+ youth completed two assessments 1‐month apart. Results: Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness independently predicted greater suicidal ideation 1 month later; however, only perceived burdensomeness remained prospectively associated with suicidal ideation when both factors were tested in the same model. Gender identity moderated the associations between IPTS factors and suicidal ideation, such that both perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness were associated with greater suicidal ideation 1 month later for sexual minority cisgender young women and transgender/genderqueer individuals, but not for sexual minority cisgender young men. Conclusion: The IPTS helps explain increases in suicidal ideation over time among LGBTQ+ youth and therefore can be used to inform suicide prevention and intervention approaches for this population.
Effects of biochar nanoparticles as a soil amendment on the structure and hydraulic characteristics of a sandy loam soil
Authors: Chen Xiaopeng , Duan Manli , Zhou Beibei , Cui Lei
Published: June 2021

Biochar as a soil amendment can influence the physical and solute transport properties of soils and, thus, provide a means to improve soil fertility. However, the use of different sized biochar particles down to the nano‐scale has revealed inconsistent results, with the mechanisms poorly understood owing to a lack of experimental data. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of nano‐sized biochar particles (NBC) applied to a sandy loam soil with regard to impacts on the hydraulic characteristics and soil structure. Column experiments were carried out with NBC application rates of 0.0%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7% and 1.0% (by weight). It was found that the NBC changed the distribution of the soil pore structure and affected the degrees of anisotropy, fractal dimension, soil porosity and stability of soil aggregates. NBC applications also increased the water repellency of the soil and reduced the surface energy of soil particles. Regarding soil hydraulic properties, NBC applications increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil and decreased soil water retention. Increasing the amount of NBC applied to the mixing‐layer decreased cumulative infiltration values (reduced by 3.75%–13.75%). The above results reveal how NBC affects the soil pore structure and soil hydraulic characteristics, which provides a theoretical basis for the systematic evaluation of soil improvement and environmental effects of nano‐sized biochar.
Operationalizing places in GIScience: A review
Authors: Tang Vicente , Painho Marco
Published: June 2021

The space–place dichotomy has long been discussed in geography, psychology, philosophy, and more recently in geographic information science. The attempts to integrate vague notions of place into geographic information systems (GIS) constitute the foundations of the place‐based GIS stream of research, but the rationale and methods for operationalizing place differ considerably in the literature. We present a literature review in an attempt to identify and discuss the distinct yet overlapping frameworks that aim to bridge the gap between space, place, and GIS. The review shows that most studies designed knowledge‐based models in the urban context based on concepts drawn from human geography. Using mixed methods, we synthesize the findings, thus encouraging future research in building new conceptual and methodological models that are able to expand and solidify the scope of place‐based GIS.
Recommendation for validation and quality assurance of non‐invasive prenatal testing for foetal blood groups and implications for IVD risk classification according to EU regulations
Authors: Clausen Frederik Banch , Hellberg Åsa , Bein Gregor , Bugert Peter , Schwartz Dieter , Drnovsek Tadeja Dovc , Finning Kirstin , Guz Katarzyna , Haimila Katri , Henny Christine , O'Brien Helen , Orzinska Agnieszka , Sørensen Kirsten , Thorlacius Steinunn , Wikman Agneta , Denomme Gregory Andrew , Flegel Willy Albert , Gassner Christoph , de Haas Masja , Hyland Catherine , Ji Yanli , Lane William J. , Nogués Núria , Olsson Martin L. , Peyrard Thierry , van der Schoot C. Ellen , Weinstock Christof , Legler Tobias
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives

Non‐invasive assays for predicting foetal blood group status in pregnancy serve as valuable clinical tools in the management of pregnancies at risk of detrimental consequences due to blood group antigen incompatibility. To secure clinical applicability, assays for non‐invasive prenatal testing of foetal blood groups need to follow strict rules for validation and quality assurance. Here, we present a multi‐national position paper with specific recommendations for validation and quality assurance for such assays and discuss their risk classification according to EU regulations.

Materials and Methods

We reviewed the literature covering validation for in‐vitro diagnostic (IVD) assays in general and for non‐invasive foetal RHD genotyping in particular. Recommendations were based on the result of discussions between co‐authors.

Results

In relation to Annex VIII of the In‐Vitro‐Diagnostic Medical Device Regulation 2017/746 of the European Parliament and the Council, assays for non‐invasive prenatal testing of foetal blood groups are risk class D devices. In our opinion, screening for targeted anti‐D prophylaxis for non‐immunized RhD negative women should be placed under risk class C. To ensure high quality of non‐invasive foetal blood group assays within and beyond the European Union, we present specific recommendations for validation and quality assurance in terms of analytical detection limit, range and linearity, precision, robustness, pre‐analytics and use of controls in routine testing. With respect to immunized women, different requirements for validation and IVD risk classification are discussed.

Conclusion

These recommendations should be followed to ensure appropriate assay performance and applicability for clinical use of both commercial and in‐house assays.
The impact of COVID‐19 outbreak on the Transfusion Medicine Unit of a Northern Italy Hospital and Cancer Centre
Authors: Schiroli Davide , Merolle Lucia , Molinari Giuseppe , Di Bartolomeo Erminia , Seligardi Daniela , Canovi Laura , Pertinhez Thelma A. , Mancuso Pamela , Giorgi Rossi Paolo , Baricchi Roberto , Marraccini Chiara
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives

The first wave of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) dramatically affected the Transfusion Medicine Unit of the Azienda Unità Sanitari Locale ‐ Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (AUSL‐IRCCS) di Reggio Emilia, which faced a total rearrangement of the procedures for donors and patients. This study aims to assess the major implications of COVID‐19 on our department, focusing on the blood transfusion chain and therapies, in order to support transfusion specialists in seeking efficient ways to face similar future emergencies.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study compares our Transfusion Medicine Unit data collected between February and May 2020 with the same period in 2017–2019. Data on red blood cells and platelets donations, transfusions and clinical procedures were collected as aggregates from our internal electronic database.

Results

During the lockdown, donor centres were re‐organized to reduce the risk of contagion and avoid unnecessary blood collection. Blood donations were re‐scheduled to meet the decrease in elective surgery; consequently, plateletapheresis was implemented to supply the reduction of buffycoat‐derived platelets. Transfusions significantly decreased together with orthopaedic and vascular surgery, while they were only marginally diminished for both cancer and onco‐haematological patients. Reduced procedures for inpatients and outpatients were matched by remote medicine, addressing the need of a constant healthcare support for patients with chronic diseases.

Conclusions

The described measures were adopted to avoid excessive blood collection and expiration, guarantee the safety of our ward (for both patients and staff) and supply the necessary transfusion therapies. These measures may support the development of appropriate risk management plans and safety procedures for other hospitals and transfusion services that have to face similar events.
Disfagia en el adulto mayor
Authors: Ariza Galindo Carlos José , Rojas Aguilar Diana María
Published: June 2021

La disfagia orofaríngea se define como la dificultad para el paso del bolo alimentario desde la boca hasta el esofago inferior. Es considerado un nuevo sindrome geriatrico común en la población anciana. Su prevalencia aumenta con la edad y plantea problemas especiales en este grupo de pacientes, comprometiendo el estado nutricional, aumentando el riesgo de neumonia de etiología aspirativa y afectando la calidad de vida. Ha llegado a ser descrito como un nuevo sindrome geriatrico y una pandemia emergente, por lo que se considera uno de los principales retos de la medicina geriátrica. Dentro de esta revision temática intentaremos definir la disfagia en el adulto mayor,  su clasificación, fisiopatología y tratamiento, así como su presentación en condiciones especiales como la demencia.
Fibrosis pulmonar en infección por SARSCoV- 2: ¿qué sabemos hasta ahora? ¿Qué podemos esperar?
Authors: Torres González July Vianneth Vianneth , Botero Bahamon Juan David , Celis Preciado Carlos Andrés , Fernández Sánchez María José , Villaquirán Torres Claudio , García Morales Olga Milena , Solarte  Rodríguez Ivan , Hidalgo Martínez Patricia , Bermudez Mary
Published: June 2021

La infección por SARS-CoV-2 le ha traído grandes retos al personal de salud durante 2020. Aprender sobre su comportamiento, fisiopatología, afectación pulmonar y su progresión a síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda (SDRA), además de las intervenciones farmacológicas y la mortalidad, han representado un desafío científico en los centros de atención especializada. No obstante, y a pesar de los avances sobre la infección aguda, poco se conoce respecto a las potenciales secuelas posteriores a la infección leve, moderada o severa por SARS-CoV-2, entre ellas la posible afectación fibrosante del parénquima pulmonar, que de acuerdo con la experiencia sobre infecciones por otros coronavirus (síndrome respiratorio agudo severo y síndrome respiratorio de Oriente Medio) y otras causas de SDRA, puede ser una de las complicaciones más severas y con mayor impacto en la calidad de vida y en la funcionalidad de las personas, una vez superada la infección. En este artículo se revisa la evidencia disponible sobre el desarrollo de la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial de tipo fibrosante asociada con la infección por SARS-CoV-2, los posibles mecanismos fisiopatológicos, los hallazgos imagenológicos y el plan de manejo propuesto hasta el momento, especialmente en términos de rehabilitación integral de estos pacientes.
Profilaxis farmacológica de crisis epilépticas postraumáticas tempranas
Authors: Siuffi Campo Suad , Jiménez Cardozo Natalia , Herrera Trujillo Alejandro , Becerra  Hernández Lina Vanessa
Published: June 2021

Teniendo en cuenta la alta incidencia y prevalencia del Trauma Craneoencefálico (TCE) en nuestro medio y reconociendo la epilepsia como una de las secuelas más comunes posteriores al trauma, es importante conocer cuáles son los medicamentos que tienen alta efectividad clínica en la terapia profiláctica para la prevención de la misma. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión de tema de acuerdo a lo publicado en la literatura reciente. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Pubmed, Uptodate y Scielo. Los fármacos de elección para las crisis epilépticas postraumáticas son los anticonvulsivantes. Se revisaron datos sobre la efectividad profiláctica de otros grupos farmacológicos, sin resultados actuales que apoyen su uso en la clínica. Se concluyó que las crisis epilépticas son una de las complicaciones más frecuentes después de sufrir un TCE y la literatura reporta que la terapia profiláctica es útil para la prevención de crisis epilépticas tempranas pero no hay consenso sobre la diferencia en cuanto a la efectividad entre fármacos anticonvulsivantes. El Levetiracetam tiene evidencia a favor tanto por su efectividad como por su seguridad, por lo que debe estudiarse a profundidad, pues sería uno de los candidatos como fármaco antiepileptogénico.
Paraqueratosis granular: reporte de un caso
Authors: Suárez Durán Laura Paola , Cuellar Rios Isabel Cristina , Mejía Cortés Maddy , Castellanos Molina Verónica
Published: June 2021

La paraqueratosis granular es una patología infrecuente, de la cual no se conoce claramente la etiología ni la fisiopatología. Se presenta el caso de una mujer con lesiones características de esta entidad que comprometían diferentes segmentos corporales (cuello, regiones inguinales y pliegues anticubitales), junto con la evolución clínica tras el manejo inicial de cuidados de la piel y la suspensión de irritantes tanto químicos, como físicos, con resolución completa del cuadro clínico. En base a esta patología se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura sobre su fisiopatología, diagnostico y opciones terapéuticas
Múltiples anomalías congénitas en el contexto de cardiopatía congénita con retorno venoso anómalo
Authors: Ruiz Patiño Alejandro , Velez Bohorquez Anggi Margarita , Olaya Contreras Mercedes
Published: June 2021

Las cardiopatías congénitas son alteraciones de la forma y la función del corazón y corresponden a la segunda anomalía congénita más frecuente en el mundo. En Colombia, se registra una prevalencia de 15,7 por 10000 recién nacidos con predominio masculino, y con una mortalidad prenatal de 2,7%, y posnatal del 2,5% durante el primer año de vida. Reportamos un recién nacido de sexo femenino, sin antecedentes prenatales de importancia, con único hallazgo en ecografías de tamización compatible con una arteria umbilical única, quien, por un estado fetal insatisfactorio a las 39 semanas, nace por cesárea. Dada mala adaptación neonatal e hipoxia asociada se realizaron estudios de extensión evidenciando retorno pulmonar anómalo, inicialmente sospechado como hallazgo único y aislado. Exploración clínica adicional evidenció hipoplasia de músculos de la masticación, sugestiva de una alteración en la embriogénesis del primer arco faríngeo. Reclasificando esta anomalía como sindrómica, se sospechó de un trastorno por deleción de 22q11.2. Durante su estancia hospitalaria fallece. En el estudio de autopsia se evidencia un retorno pulmonar anómalo incompleto, el cual es una entidad bastante rara correspondiendo del 0,5 al 3% de las cardiopatías congénitas, de las cuales los parciales corresponden a menos del 0.7% de las mismas.
Enfoque práctico de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en recién nacidos.
Authors: Gómez Viracachá Ingrid Mayerly , RAMIREZ LOZANO DIANA MARCELA , BERTOLOTTO CEPEDA ANA MARÍA , VARGAS VACA YARIS ANZULLY , MONTEALEGRE POMAR ADRIANA DEL PILAR , LOPEZ GARCIA JUAN CARLOS
Published: June 2021

Resumen    

La reciente aparición del nuevo virus SARS-CoV2, conocido en el mundo como COVID-19, ha generado en personal de salud gran variedad de preguntas y desafíos respecto al horizonte clínico de la entidad y su tratamiento, que no han sido resueltos hasta el momento.  Esta incertidumbre se acrecienta aún más cuando se trata de la población neonatal, en donde la evidencia es limitada. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la evidencia existente acerca del COVID-19 en los recién nacidos, y proponer un esquema práctico de diagnóstico y tratamiento para la atención de esta población en las unidades de cuidado neonatal.
Role of sublimation kinetics of ammonia borane in chemical vapor deposition of uniform, large-area hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Sompalle Balaji , Liao Chun-Da , Wei Bin , Cerqueira Maria de Fátima , Nicoara Nicoleta , Wang Zhongchang , Sadewasser Sascha , Alpuim Pedro
Published: June 2021

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a critical 2D insulator used as a substrate, gate dielectric, or encapsulation layer for graphene and other 2D materials and their van der Waals heterostructures. It is also promising as an active layer in single-photon emitters and other photonic devices. With the chemical formula H3N-BH3, ammonia borane is the most attractive precursor for up-scalable growth of large-area h-BN, using chemical vapor deposition given its stoichiometric B:N ratio, high stability under ambient conditions, nontoxicity, and high solubility in common solvents. Here, the synthesis of large-area (100 × 150 mm2) crystalline hexagonal boron nitride layers by thermal activation and decomposition of the precursor ammonia borane is presented. We describe two different reaction pathways for h-BN synthesis, providing evidence for dissimilarities in the sublimation kinetics of ammonia borane and how these differences critically influence the growth of h-BN. This understanding helps us accelerate h-BN production, reuse precursors, and reduce machine runtime, paving the way for upscalability. Moreover, our work provides a consistent unified view explaining the diverse deposition conditions reported in the literature for h-BN grown by CVD using ammonia borane as a precursor.
Notch-IGF1 signaling during liver regeneration drives biliary epithelial cell expansion and inhibits hepatocyte differentiation
Authors: Minnis-Lyons Sarah E. , Ferreira-González Sofía , Aleksieva Niya , Man Tak Yung , Gadd Victoria L. , Williams Michael J. , Guest Rachel V. , Lu Wei-Yu , Dwyer Benjamin J. , Jamieson Tam , Nixon Colin , Van Hul Noemi , Lemaigre Frederic P. , McCafferty John , Leclercq Isabelle A. , Sansom Owen J. , Boulter Luke , Forbes Stuart J.
Published: June 2021

Notch signaling promotes progenitor cell proliferation but inhibits hepatocyte differentiation during liver repair.
A Primed Subpopulation of Bacteria Enables Rapid Expression of the Type 3 Secretion System in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Lin Christina K. , Lee Daniel S. W. , McKeithen-Mead Saria , Emonet Thierry , Kazmierczak Barbara
Published: June 2021

The expression of specific virulence traits is strongly associated with
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
’s success in establishing acute infections but is thought to carry a cost for bacteria. Producing multiprotein secretion systems or motility organelles is metabolically expensive and can target a cell for recognition by innate immune system receptors that recognize structural components of the type 3 secretion system (T3SS) or flagellum.
Bacteriophage T4 Escapes CRISPR Attack by Minihomology Recombination and Repair
Authors: Wu Xiaorong , Zhu Jingen , Tao Pan , Rao Venigalla B.
Published: June 2021

Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacteria and use them as replication factories to assemble progeny phages. Bacteria have evolved powerful defense mechanisms to destroy the invading phages by severing their genomes soon after entry into cells.
Surface-Shaving Proteomics of Mycobacterium marinum Identifies Biofilm Subtype-Specific Changes Affecting Virulence, Tolerance, and Persistence
Authors: Savijoki Kirsi , Myllymäki Henna , Luukinen Hanna , Paulamäki Lauri , Vanha-aho Leena-Maija , Svorjova Aleksandra , Miettinen Ilkka , Fallarero Adyary , Ihalainen Teemu O. , Yli-Kauhaluoma Jari , Nyman Tuula A. , Parikka Mataleena
Published: June 2021

Mycobacteria are naturally resilient, and mycobacterial infections are notoriously difficult to treat with antibiotics, with biofilm formation being the main factor complicating the successful treatment of tuberculosis (TB). The present study shows that nontuberculous
Mycobacterium marinum
ATCC 927 forms submerged- and pellicle-type biofilms with lichen- and ribbon-like structures, respectively, as well as persister cells under the same conditions.
Insights into the Cultured Bacterial Fraction of Corals
Authors: Sweet Michael , Villela Helena , Keller-Costa Tina , Costa Rodrigo , Romano Stefano , Bourne David G. , Cárdenas Anny , Huggett Megan J. , Kerwin Allison H. , Kuek Felicity , Medina Mónica , Meyer Julie L. , Müller Moritz , Pollock F. Joseph , Rappé Michael S. , Sere Mathieu , Sharp Koty H. , Voolstra Christian R. , Zaccardi Nathan , Ziegler Maren , Peixoto Raquel
Published: June 2021

Our paper is the first study to synthesize currently available but decentralized data of cultured microbes associated with corals. We were able to collate 3,055 isolates across a number of published studies and unpublished collections from various laboratories and researchers around the world.
Constraints on the paleoelevation history of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia from its palynological record
Authors: Molnar Peter , Pérez-Angel Lina C.
Published: June 2021

We attempted to make an objective assessment of whether fossil pollen assemblages from the Sabana de Bogotá require surface uplift of ~2000 m since 6–3 Ma, as has been argued. We relied on recently published elevation ranges of plants for which fossil pollen has been found in sites 2000–2500 m high in the Sabana de Bogotá. The elevation ranges of fossil plants do not overlap, suggesting that those ranges may be too narrow. By weighting these elevation ranges by percentages of corresponding fossil pollen and summing them, we estimated probability density functions for past elevations. These probability distributions of past elevations overlap present-day elevations and therefore do not require surface uplift since deposition of the pollen. Fossil pollen assemblages include pollen from some plant taxa for which we do not know present-day elevation ranges, and therefore, with a more complete knowledge of elevation distributions, tighter constraints on elevations should be obtainable. The elevation of the oldest assemblage, from Tequendama, which lies at the southern edge of the Sabana de Bogotá and is thought to date from 16 to 6 Ma, is least well constrained. Although our analysis permits no change in elevation since the pollen was deposited, we consider 1000–2000 m of elevation gain since 15 Ma to be likely and consistent with an outward growth of the Eastern Cordillera.
Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type: a rare diagnosis with common nasal presentation
Authors: Mohd Ramli Siti Sarah , Husain Salina , Wong Yin Ping
Published: June 2021

A 39-year-old man presented with bilateral nasal obstruction for 4 months and associated with hyposmia and foul-smelling nasal discharge. Nasal endoscopy showed irregular mucosa of the nasal cavity with easily bleeding. Nasal biopsy reported as extranodal Natural Killer/T cell lymphoma, nasal type. In-situ hybridisation for Epstein-Barr encoding region was positive. He was treated with six cycles of gemcitabine, oxaliplatin and L-asparaginase and peripheral blood stem cell transplant. After the treatment, he was asymptomatic until 9 months where he had splenic abscess and undergone splenectomy. He was asymptomatic of the disease for 2 years.
Fatal insomnia: the elusive prion disease
Authors: Patel Dharmini , Ibrahim Hagar , Rankin Julia , Hilton David , Barria Marcelo A , Ritchie Diane L , Smith Colin , Zeman Adam
Published: June 2021

A previously well 54- year-old woman presented with a short history of diplopia, cognitive decline, hallucinations and hypersomnolence. The patient had progressive deterioration in short-term memory, ocular convergence spasm, tremor, myoclonus, gait apraxia, central fever, dream enactment and seizures. Results of investigations were normal including MRI brain, electroencephalogram, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, including CSF prion protein markers) and brain biopsy. The patient died from pneumonia and pulmonary embolus. Brain postmortem analysis revealed neuropathological changes in keeping with Fatal familial insomnia (FFI); the diagnosis was confirmed on genetic testing. FFI is caused by an autosomal dominant and highly penetrant pathogenic Prion Protein genePRNP. Although usually familial, fatal insomnia (FI) also occurs in a rare sporadic form. FI is a rare human prion disease with prominent sleep disturbance, autonomic, motor, cognitive and behavioural involvement. Patient management is with best supportive care and early suspected diagnosis allows for timely palliation.
Return to sport decisions after an acute lateral ankle sprain injury: introducing the PAASS framework—an international multidisciplinary consensus
Authors: Smith Michelle D , Vicenzino Bill , Bahr Roald , Bandholm Thomas , Cooke Rosalyn , Mendonça Luciana De Michelis , Fourchet François , Glasgow Philip , Gribble Phillip A , Herrington Lee , Hiller Claire E , Lee Sae Yong , Macaluso Andrea , Meeusen Romain , Owoeye Oluwatoyosi B A , Reid Duncan , Tassignon Bruno , Terada Masafumi , Thorborg Kristian , Verhagen Evert , Verschueren Jo , Wang Dan , Whiteley Rod , Wikstrom Erik A , Delahunt Eamonn
Published: June 2021

Background

Despite being the most commonly incurred sports injury with a high recurrence rate, there are no guidelines to inform return to sport (RTS) decisions following acute lateral ankle sprain injuries. We aimed to develop a list of assessment items to address this gap.

Methods

We used a three-round Delphi survey approach to develop consensus of opinion among 155 globally diverse health professionals working in elite field or court sports. This involved surveys that were structured in question format with both closed-response and open-response options. We asked panellists to indicate their agreement about whether or not assessment items should support the RTS decision after an acute lateral ankle sprain injury. The second and third round surveys included quantitative and qualitative feedback from the previous round. We defined a priori consensus being reached at >70% agree or disagree responses.

Results

Sixteen assessment items reached consensus to be included in the RTS decision after an acute lateral ankle sprain injury. They were mapped to five domains with 98% panellist agreement—PAASS:Pain (during sport participation and over the last 24 hours),Ankle impairments (range of motion; muscle strength, endurance and power),Athlete perception (perceived ankle confidence/reassurance and stability; psychological readiness),Sensorimotor control (proprioception; dynamic postural control/balance),Sport/functional performance (hopping, jumping and agility; sport-specific drills; ability to complete a full training session).

Conclusion

Expert opinion indicated that pain severity, ankle impairments, sensorimotor control, athlete perception/readiness and sport/functional performance should be assessed to inform the RTS decision following an acute lateral ankle sprain injury.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12619000522112.
Man with headache and altered mental status
Authors: Prucnal Christiana K , Jansson Paul S
Published: June 2021

Presentation

An 83-year-old man presented for headache and altered mental status. Four days prior, he underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for nasal polyps. Over the two previous days, he gradually developed a headache and was brought to the emergency department when his wife noted mild confusion and generalised weakness. His examination was notable for a heart rate of 101 beats per minute, clear nasal discharge, meningismus and confusion to the date with generalised weakness. A lumbar puncture revealed cloudy cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with a white blood cell count of 3519x10ˆ9/L (95% neutrophils). A CT scan of the head was obtained (figure 1).

Figure 1

Non-contrast CT scan of the head in axial plane.

Question

What is the appropriate next step in management?

Obtain MRI of the brain to localise ischaemic damage.

Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics, includingpseudomonalcoverage.

Consult otolaryngology to arrange functional endoscopic sinus surgery for CSF leak closure.

Consult neurosurgery for surgical decompression of mass lesion(s).
Impact of cuts to local government spending on Sure Start children’s centres on childhood obesity in England: a longitudinal ecological study
Authors: Mason Kate E , Alexiou Alexandros , Bennett Davara Lee , Summerbell Carolyn , Barr Ben , Taylor-Robinson David
Published: June 2021

Background

Childhood obesity is rising in disadvantaged areas in England. Sure Start children’s centres provide community-based services for children <5 years and their parents, including many services that can support healthy weight, directly or indirectly. Since 2010, austerity-driven cuts to local authority (LA) budgets have led to substantially reduced public expenditure on Sure Start services. We assessed whether childhood obesity prevalence has increased more since 2010 in those areas in England that experienced greater cuts to spending on Sure Start.

Methods

This longitudinal ecological study covers the period 2010/2011–2017/2018. Our exposure was LA expenditure on Sure Start, using Department for Education data. Our main outcome was LA obesity prevalence at age 4–5 years, using National Child Measurement Programme data. We used fixed-effects panel regression to quantify the association between change in spending and change in the prevalence of childhood obesity.

Results

Spending on Sure Start children’s centres decreased on average 53% over the study period, with deeper cuts in more deprived LAs. Each 10% spending cut was associated with a 0.34% relative increase in obesity prevalence the following year (95% CI 0.15% to 0.53%). We estimated there were an additional 4575 children with obesity (95% CI 1751 to 7399) and 9174 overweight or obese (95% CI 2689 to 15 660) compared with expected numbers had funding levels been maintained.

Conclusions

Cuts to spending on Sure Start children’s centres were associated with increased childhood obesity. With deprived areas experiencing bigger spending cuts, reinvesting in these services may, alongside wider benefits for child development, contribute to reducing inequalities in childhood obesity.
Brief intervention using the PaperWeight Armband to identify older people at risk of undernutrition in the community: a preliminary evaluation
Authors: Edwards Steven , Farrer Kirstine , Rose Emma , Haynes David , McLaughlin John
Published: June 2021

Background

The risk of undernutrition in older adults in the community is high, with clear negative impacts on health and well-being. Nutritional screening is not routine and undernutrition often goes unrecognised. A community-level population public health intervention has the potential to target environments where the risk of undernutrition is highest. A programme has been established locally using the PaperWeight Armband as a simple nutritional screening tool in residents over 65 years, followed by supporting advice and community interventions. We undertook a nested pilot cohort evaluation within the wider programme to assess whether this could impact positively.

Methods

Participants found to be at risk of undernutrition in the programme were recruited consecutively. Baseline weight and other descriptors including accommodation and frailty were recorded, and then again at 12 weeks.

Results

83 participants were recruited from a wide variety of community settings, age range 65–99 years; 75% were women. Sixty-seven recruits were followed up for 12-week review. Of these, 54 (81%) had a positive outcome, recording either weight gain (66%) or no weight loss (15%) at 12 weeks. Benefit was seen in all living circumstances but was least evident in the frailest participants.

Conclusion

The intervention is associated with positive outcomes, with reduction or stabilisation of nutritional risk in the majority of participants studied. The intervention can be delivered in a wide range of settings and does not require healthcare professions for the screening. Longer and larger studies are now required to study the health, well-being and socioeconomic impacts of the intervention in depth.