bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diffusion and structure of propylene carbonate–metal salt electrolyte solutions for post-lithium-ion batteries: From experiment to simulation
Authors: Karatrantos Argyrios V. , Middendorf Maleen , Nosov Daniil R. , Cai Qiong , Westermann Stephan , Hoffmann Katja , Nürnberg Pinchas , Shaplov Alexander S. , Schönhoff Monika
Published: August 2024

The diffusion of cations in organic solvent solutions is important for the performance of metal-ion batteries. In this article, pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and fully atomistic molecular dynamic simulations were employed to study the temperature-dependent diffusive behavior of various liquid electrolytes representing 1M propylene carbonate solutions of metal salts with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI−) or hexafluorophosphate (PF6−) anions commonly used in lithium-ion batteries and beyond. The experimental studies revealed the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficients for the propylene carbonate (PC) solvent and for the anions following an Arrhenius type of behavior. It was observed that the PC molecules are the faster species. For the monovalent cations (Li+, Na+, K+), the PC solvent diffusion was enhanced as the cation size increased, while for the divalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+), the opposite trend was observed, i.e., the diffusion coefficients decreased as the cation size increased. The anion diffusion in LiTFSI and NaTFSI solutions was found to be similar, while in electrolytes with divalent cations, a decrease in anion diffusion with increasing cation size was observed. It was shown that non-polarizable charge-scaled force fields could correspond perfectly to the experimental values of the anion and PC solvent diffusion coefficients in salt solutions of both monovalent (Li+, Na+, K+) and divalent (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+) cations at a range of operational temperatures. Finally, after calculating the radial distribution functions between cations, anions, and solvent molecules, the increase in the PC diffusion coefficient established with the increase in cation size for monovalent cations was clearly explained by the large hydration shell of small Li+ cations, due to their strong interaction with the PC solvent. In solutions with larger monovalent cations, such as Na+, and with a smaller solvation shell of PC, the PC diffusion is faster due to more liberated solvent molecules. In the salt solutions with divalent cations, both the anion and the PC diffusion coefficients decreased as the cation size increased due to an enhanced cation–anion coordination, which was accompanied by an increase in the amount of PC in the cation solvation shell due to the presence of anions.
A rotational/roto-translational constraint method for condensed matter
Authors: Yang Jitai , Li Ke , Liu Jia , Nie Jia , Li Hui
Published: August 2024

Molecular rotations influence numerous condensed matter phenomena but are often difficult to isolate in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. This work presents a rotational/roto-translational constraint algorithm designed for condensed matter simulations. The method is based on the velocity Verlet scheme, ensuring a direct constraint on velocity and simplifying implementation within material simulation software packages. We implemented the algorithm in a customized version of a CP2K package and validated its effectiveness through MD simulations of molecule and crystal. The results demonstrate successful selective constraint of rotational and roto-translational motions, enabling stable long-term simulations. This capability opens avenues for studying rotation-related phenomena (e.g., paddle-wheel mechanism in solid-state electrolytes) and constrained sampling.
Enhancing (quasi-)long-range order in a two-dimensional driven crystal
Authors: Maire R. , Plati A.
Published: August 2024

It has been recently shown that 2D systems can exhibit crystalline phases with long-range translational order showcasing a striking violation of the Hohenberg–Mermin–Wagner (HMW) theorem, which is valid at equilibrium. This is made possible by athermal driving mechanisms that inject energy into the system without exciting long wavelength modes of the density field, thereby inducing hyperuniformity. However, as thermal fluctuations are superimposed on the non-equilibrium driving, long-range translational order is inevitably lost. Here, we discuss the possibility of exploiting non-equilibrium effects to suppress arbitrarily large density fluctuations even when a global thermal bath is coupled to the system. We introduce a model of a harmonic crystal driven both by a global thermal bath and by a momentum conserving noise, where the typical observables related to density fluctuations and long-range translational order can be analytically derived and put in relation. This model allows us to rationalize the violation of the HMW theorem observed in previous studies through the prediction of large-wavelength phonons, which thermalize at a vanishing effective temperature when the global bath is switched off. The conceptual framework introduced through this theory is then applied to numerical simulations of a hard-disk solid in contact with a thermal bath and driven out-of-equilibrium by active collisions. Our numerical analysis demonstrates how varying driving and dissipative parameters can lead to an arbitrary enhancement of the quasi-long-range order in the system regardless of the applied global noise amplitude. Finally, we outline a possible experimental procedure to apply our results to a realistic granular system.
Energy deposition in air by moderately focused femtosecond laser filaments
Authors: Geints Yu. E. , Geints I. Yu. , Grudtsyn Ya. V. , Koribut A. V. , Pushkarev D. V. , Rizaev G. E. , Seleznev L. V.
Published: August 2024

Filamentation of high-power femtosecond laser pulses in air is accompanied by a fairly strong release of optical energy into the propagation medium due to laser-induced ionization of air molecules and production of an underdense plasma of charged species. We present the results of our laboratory experiments and numerical simulations aimed at estimating the energy deposition amount by laser filament upon propagation in air depending on the conditions of spatial focusing, pulse energy, and radiation wavelength. Importantly, our study reveals a more than 50% decrease in the filament energy deposited in air in the range of moderate numerical aperture values, approximately from 0.003 to 0.007, at carrier wavelengths of 740 and 470 nm. We attribute such a considerable reduction in the laser pulse energy release for femtosecond plasma to the competing effects of Kerr self-focusing and geometric divergence of focused laser pulse.
Study of the mechanism of shock-induced and detonation-induced droplet breakup based on hybrid solvers
Authors: Huang Xixuan , Lin Zhiyong
Published: August 2024

To gain insight into shock–droplet interaction and detonation wave–droplet interaction in the real physical environment, two solvers named interTwoPhaseLSCentralFoam and interTwoPhaseLSReacCentralFoam are developed under the OpenFOAM® framework. Computations were conducted on the primary breakup of a droplet when subjected to a shock wave and detonation wave. The droplet breakup in shock–droplet interaction divides into two distinct stages when the shock wave is involved. The first stage is a shear-force dominating stage. In the latter stage, there is a high-pressure gradient, which is similar to a discontinuity inside the droplet, leading to the catastrophic breakup. The detonation wave-induced droplet breakup undergoes three stages: initial stage, stretching stage, and balance stage. In the initial stage, the droplet was impacted by the intense compression. Under the impact of the reflected wave on the windward surface, the droplet is continuously stretched, marking the stretching stage. Then, the structure of the parent droplet remains relatively unchanged throughout the detonation, known as the balance stage. During the detonation wave–kerosene droplet interaction, there is a decoupling of detonation wave in certain regions. As kerosene vapor initiates a reaction with the atmosphere and prevails, the detonation wave undergoes a localized re-initiation process behind the incident shock, creating a dual-wave configuration in its entirety. The detonation wave also experienced a shift of mode from hydrogen–air driven to kerosene–air driven.
Controllable growth of oriented graphene nanostructures on stainless steel using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Jia Siyu , Kameoka Jun , Maeda Fumihiko , Ueda Kenji
Published: August 2024

Graphene/stainless steel (SUS) structures have received attention as an approach to enhancing the performance of SUS in various applications, such as energy storage and electrochemical devices. Despite many studies, the synthesis of graphene nanostructures with controllable growth orientation on SUS remains challenging. The present work demonstrates the selective synthesis of monolayer to bilayer graphene and vertical graphene (i.e., carbon nanowalls) on SUS by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and also explains the associated growth mechanisms. This study indicates that the graphene nucleation density can be tuned by varying the growth temperature and CH4/H2 ratio during synthesis. It is also evident that graphene growth occurs within a mixed phase of γ-Fe and Fe3C at high temperatures, and a high carbon supply of above 900 °C triggers the transition of growth orientation from planar to vertical.
Cathodoluminescence studies of electron injection effects in p-type gallium oxide
Authors: Chernyak Leonid , Schulte Alfons , Li Jian-Sian , Chiang Chao-Ching , Ren Fan , Pearton Stephen J. , Sartel Corinne , Sallet Vincent , Chi Zeyu , Dumont Yves , Chikoidze Ekaterine , Ruzin Arie
Published: August 2024

It has recently been demonstrated that electron beam injection into p-type β-gallium oxide leads to a significant linear increase in minority carrier diffusion length with injection duration, followed by its saturation. The effect was ascribed to trapping of non-equilibrium electrons (generated by a primary electron beam) at meta-stable native defect levels in the material, which in turn blocks recombination through these levels. In this work, in contrast to previous studies, the effect of electron injection in p-type Ga2O3 was investigated using cathodoluminescence technique in situ in scanning electron microscope, thus providing insight into minority carrier lifetime behavior under electron beam irradiation. The activation energy of ∼0.3 eV, obtained for the phenomenon of interest, is consistent with the involvement of Ga vacancy-related defects.
A modified phase field method for the simulation of two-phase system in complex geometries
Authors: Shi Yi
Published: August 2024

In this work, we propose a new numerical approximation method for the simulation of two-phase system in complex geometries. In this method, a novel formulation of the free energy is established according to the ternary phase field model and the model is derived by minimizing the total free energy of the system. By this method, a fixed phase field variable is employed to represent the profile of complex geometries and the bulk region of the two-phase system is extended to a regular domain that includes this phase. The contact angle boundary condition is imposed into the coefficient in the bulk of the model, which is determined implicitly by the surface tension coefficient of the system. We develop an unconditionally energy stable numerical scheme for the new phase field model. Moreover, we couple the phase field model with the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations to simulate the dynamic behavior of two-phase flows in complex geometries. Some numerical experiments including the two-phase system on a flat or curved substrate, two-phase flows over an undulated channel, and bubbles in porous media are given to show the capacity of the new method.
Non-unique Hamiltonians for discrete symplectic dynamics
Authors: Ni Liyan , Zhao Yihao , Hu Zhonghan
Published: August 2024

An outstanding property of any Hamiltonian system is the symplecticity of its flow, namely, the continuous trajectory preserves volume in phase space. Given a symplectic but discrete trajectory generated by a transition matrix applied at a fixed time-increment (τ > 0), it was generally believed that there exists a unique Hamiltonian producing a continuous trajectory that coincides at all discrete times (t = nτ with n integers) as long as τ is small enough. However, it is now exactly demonstrated that, for any given discrete symplectic dynamics of a harmonic oscillator, there exist an infinite number of real-valued Hamiltonians for any small value of τ and an infinite number of complex-valued Hamiltonians for any large value of τ. In addition, when the transition matrix is similar to a Jordan normal form with the supradiagonal element of 1 and the two identical diagonal elements of either 1 or −1, only one solution to the Hamiltonian is found for the case with the diagonal elements of 1, but no solution can be found for the other case.
A fast calculation method for magnetic field of 110 kV oil-immersed transformers based on the combination of order reduction and response surface methodology
Authors: Xu Weidong , Wu Zhongfei , Zhang Zhiyu , Li Gengyu , Liu Yunpeng , Liu Gang
Published: August 2024

To solve the problem of slow simulation calculation of magnetic field in oil-immersed transformers, this paper proposes a fast calculation method based on the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and Kriging response surface method. First, based on the POD reduction method, the discrete equation of the magnetic field is reduced to obtain the modal coefficient matrix. Then, taking the transformer load rate as an important parameter, the sample space is determined, and the corresponding snapshot matrix of the sample space is obtained through COMSOL software. Based on the Kriging function, a response function for the load rate and modal coefficients is constructed, and combined with the reduced mode, the winding magnetic field is quickly reconstructed. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the method, four additional load conditions were selected to analyze the deviation between the reduced-order model and the full-order model from the perspective of computational accuracy and efficiency. The results show that, in terms of computational accuracy, the maximum relative error between the reduced-order model and the simulation model in the verification points is only 1.045%, while the rest of the points are below 1%. In terms of computational efficiency, the method proposed in this article improves the computational efficiency to 4743 times that of the full-order model. It only takes 0.9 s to calculate the results corresponding to a certain operating condition, which can achieve fast calculation.
Synchronization under saturable nonlinearity
Authors: Stoychev Alexander K. , Pedergnana Tiemo , Noiray Nicolas
Published: August 2024

In this theoretical work, we introduce a nonlinear gain saturation law representative of the experimentally observed properties manifested by phenomena ranging from aeroacoustic shear layers in self-sustained cavity oscillations to flame heat release rate in thermoacoustic instabilities. Furthermore, this type of saturable gain may be relevant for a wider class of physical systems, such as active laser media in photonics. The nonlinearity discussed herein governs the fullscale behavior of a self-oscillator exhibiting linear loss under large amplitude perturbations, in contrast to the cubic damping and linear gain of the Van der Pol model. A distinctive characteristic of the proposed equation is the simple, well behaved gain term in the slow timescale dynamics.
A fully encapsulated flexible triboelectric sensor for swimming posture monitoring
Authors: Chen Tiangeng , Liang Xiao
Published: August 2024

Flexible wearable intelligent monitoring devices are playing an increasingly important role in the field of smart sports. In this work, we report a fully encapsulated flexible triboelectric nanogenerator (FEF-TENG) by utilizing 3D printing technology for harvesting mechanical energy and swimming posture monitoring. Experimental results show that the open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), and transferred charge (Qsc) of the FEF-TENG increase significantly with bending angles, reaching peak values of 78.82 V, 3.51 µA, and 31.08 nC at 90°, respectively. The FEF-TENG device can be integrated into swimming gear to monitor elbow and knee postures, demonstrating its capability for real-time bio-mechanical analysis and performance tracking. This integration of 3D printing technology and TENG design not only optimizes the structural and material properties of the device but also simplifies the manufacturing process, making it highly suitable for advanced applications in smart sports and wearable electronics.
A meshless stochastic method for Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations
Authors: Monteiro Henrique B. N. , Tartakovsky Daniel M.
Published: August 2024

A plethora of biological, physical, and chemical phenomena involve transport of charged particles (ions). Its continuum-scale description relies on the Poisson–Nernst–Planck (PNP) system, which encapsulates the conservation of mass and charge. The numerical solution of these coupled partial differential equations is challenging and suffers from both the curse of dimensionality and difficulty in efficiently parallelizing. We present a novel particle-based framework to solve the full PNP system by simulating a drift–diffusion process with time- and space-varying drift. We leverage Green’s functions, kernel-independent fast multipole methods, and kernel density estimation to solve the PNP system in a meshless manner, capable of handling discontinuous initial states. The method is embarrassingly parallel, and the computational cost scales linearly with the number of particles and dimension. We use a series of numerical experiments to demonstrate both the method’s convergence with respect to the number of particles and computational cost vis-à-vis a traditional partial differential equation solver.
Self-organization toward 1/f noise in deep neural networks
Authors: Chong Nicholas Jia Le , Feng Ling
Published: August 2024

In biological neural networks, it has been well recognized that a healthy brain exhibits 1/f noise patterns. However, in artificial neural networks that are increasingly matching or even out-performing human cognition, this phenomenon has yet to be established. In this work, we found that similar to that of their biological counterparts, 1/f noise exists in artificial neural networks when trained on time series classification tasks. Additionally, we found that the activations of the neurons are the closest to 1/f noise when the neurons are highly utilized. Conversely, if the network is too large and many neurons are underutilized, the neuron activations deviate from 1/f noise patterns toward that of white noise.
Podiatric surgery: a canary in the coalmine for professional monopolies
Authors: Nancarrow Susan , Borthwick OBE Alan
Published: August 2024

What is known about the topic? The health workforce and health tasks are highly contested and largely controlled by regulation. Since the introduction of medical regulation in the mid-19th century, the practice of surgery has been largely dominated by medically trained surgeons. A small group of Australian podiatrists have defied these historic boundaries by creating their own colleges of training and convincing government and regulators of their safety and efficacy in surgical practice. The Podiatry Board of Australia commissioned an independent review of the regulation and regulatory practices of podiatric surgeons in Australia. What does this paper add? This paper discusses the implications of a regulatory review of the role of podiatric surgeons for professional role boundaries. What are the implications for practitioners? Despite historic role boundaries and definitions, with appropriate training, regulation, and financing, the health workforce can be mobilised in different ways to meet population needs, overcoming a professional monopoly over roles.
An In-Home Withdrawal Service for individuals with low-to-moderate substance dependence: implementation and program evaluation
Authors: Mussared James , Oni Helen Tosin , Gregory Taylah Jacinta , Fernandes Andrew , Mazzacano Anna , Kadarusman Debby , Fraser Sarah
Published: August 2024

Background Sonder’s In-Home Withdrawal Service (IHWS) has been providing a unique home-based, multidisciplinary, wraparound withdrawal option for people with low-to-moderate levels of substance dependence since September 2019. This paper provides an evaluation of the service’s overall impact on reducing substance use among clients through the delivery of this innovative service model. The evaluation explores the acceptability and feasibility of the service via client, stakeholder, and staff perspectives. Methods A mixed-method design was used to evaluate the IHWS. Descriptive analysis of quantitative data was conducted using clinical assessments from client records and online feedback surveys. Qualitative data from client, staff, and stakeholder feedback surveys were analysed thematically. Results Overall, 1166 referrals were received over the lifespan of the service, and a data set of 96 clients was included in the analysis. Self-reported measures showed that most clients decreased their substance use (89%), improved their psychological health status (75%), improved their physical health (65%), improved their quality of life (69%), and improved their understanding and ability to manage their alcohol and other drugs (AOD) use (84%). Client feedback suggests the service is providing a unique option for AOD withdrawal. Stakeholders commend the service’s home-based setting, multidisciplinary and person-centred approach to care, and recommended expansion of the service to increase access for clients and reduce demand on inpatient settings. Conclusions The IHWS is having a significant impact in reducing substance use and highlights the need for increased access to holistic approaches to withdrawal. This includes pre- and post-withdrawal support and the inclusion of multidisciplinary teams, and engaging lived experience practitioners. A focus on funding primary-based services is required to meet the rising costs of tertiary-based care and to better meet the needs of consumers.
Pathogenetic role of a number of factors in the development and progression of preeclampsia with varying severity in pregnant women
Authors: Ismailova Irina , Zame Yulia , Akhmedzhanova Moldir , Sultanov Kuanysh , Tanzharykova Galiya
Published: August 2024

Context Preeclampsia is a common pregnancy complication, posing significant risks to both the mother and fetus. Predicting and determining the risks of this disease is crucial. Aims This research aims to understand the pathogenetic role of several factors in the development and progression of preeclampsia, particularly in relation to its severity in pregnant patients. Methods The study included 60 pregnant women diagnosed with either mild or severe preeclampsia and 40 healthy pregnant women for comparison. Blood plasma was analysed using biochemical methods, and blood microcirculation parameters were determined to identify homeostatic abnormalities in early preeclampsia. Key results A molecular genetic study revealed the frequency of the endothelial nitric oxide gene eNOSC774T. Homeostatic abnormalities were statistically correlated with polymorphic genotypes of the eNOSC774T gene. Conclusions The research found a correlation between the T774T eNOS genotype mutation and the severity of preeclampsia, alongside significant homeostasis abnormalities in patients. Implications The T774T mutant genotype of the eNOS gene and higher levels of lipid peroxidation products are strongly linked to the severity and progression of preeclampsia. This highlights a significant connection between genetic predisposition and biochemical abnormalities in the disease’s development.
ShinySperm: navigating the sperm proteome landscape
Authors: Skerrett-Byrne David A. , Teperino Raffaele , Nixon Brett
Published: August 2024

Context Integrated omics studies hold a crucial role in improving our understanding of reproductive biology. However, the complex datasets so generated are often only accessible via supplementary data files, which lack the capacity for interactive features to allow users to readily interrogate and visualise data of interest. Aims The intent of this technical note was to develop an interactive web-based application that enables detailed interrogation of a representative sperm proteome, facilitating a deeper understanding of the proteins identified, their relative abundance, classifications, functions, and associated phenotypes. Methods We developed a Shiny web application, ShinySperm (https://reproproteomics.shinyapps.io/ShinySperm/), utilising R and several complementary libraries for data manipulation (dplyr), interactive tables (DT), and visualisation (ggplot2, plotly). ShinySperm features a responsive user interface, dynamic filtering options, interactive charts, and data export capabilities. Key results ShinySperm allows users to interactively search, filter, and visualise sperm proteomics data based on key features (e.g. protein classification, sperm cell domain, presence, or absence at different maturation stages). This application responds live to filtering options and enables the generation of interactive plots and tables, thus enhancing user engagement and understanding of the data. Conclusions ShinySperm provides a robust platform for the dynamic exploration of epididymal sperm proteome data. It significantly improves accessibility and interpretability of complex datasets, allowing for effective data-driven insights. Implications This technical note highlights the potential of interactive web applications in reproductive biology and provides a plug and play script for the field to produce applications for meaningful researcher interaction with complex omic datasets.
Competing adaptations maintain nonadaptive variation in a wild cricket population
Authors: Rayner Jack G. , Eichenberger Franca , Bainbridge Jessica V. A. , Zhang Shangzhe , Zhang Xiao , Yusuf Leeban H. , Balenger Susan , Gaggiotti Oscar E. , Bailey Nathan W.
Published: August 2024

How emerging adaptive variants interact is an important factor in the evolution of wild populations, but the opportunity to empirically study this interaction is rare. We recently documented the emergence of an adaptive phenotype “curly-wing” in Hawaiian populations of field crickets (
Teleogryllus oceanicus
). Curly-wing inhibits males’ ability to sing, protecting them from eavesdropping parasitoid flies (
Ormia ochracea
). Surprisingly, curly-wing co-occurs with similarly protective silent “flatwing” phenotypes in multiple populations, in which neither phenotype has spread to fixation. These two phenotypes are frequently coexpressed, but since either sufficiently reduces song amplitude to evade the fly, their coexpression confers no additional fitness benefit. Numerous “off-target” phenotypic changes are known to accompany flatwing, and we find that curly-wing, too, negatively impacts male courtship ability and affects mass and survival of females under lab conditions. We show through crosses and genomic and mRNA sequencing that curly-wing expression is associated with variation on a single autosome. In parallel analyses of flatwing, our results reinforce previous findings of X-linked single-locus inheritance. By combining insights into the genetic architecture of these alternative phenotypes with simulations and field observations, we show that the co-occurrence of these two adaptations impedes either from fixing, despite extreme fitness benefits, due to fitness epistasis. This co-occurrence of similar adaptive forms in the same populations might be more common than is generally considered and could be an important force inhibiting adaptive evolution in wild populations of sexually reproducing organisms.
Early Detection of Plant Virus Infection Using Multispectral Imaging and Machine Learning
Authors: Grieve Bruce , Duffy Siobain , Dallas Mary M. , Ascencio-Ibáñez José T. , Alonso-Chavez Vasthi , Legg James , Hanley-Bowdoin Linda , Yin Hujun
Published: August 2024

Climate change-resilient crops like cassava are projected to play a key role in 21st-century food security. However, cassava production in East Africa is limited by RNA viruses that cause cassava brown streak disease (CBSD). CBSD typically causes subtle or no symptoms on stems and leaves, while destroying the root tissue, which means farmers are often unaware their fields are infected until they have a failed harvest. The subtle symptoms of CBSD have made it difficult to study the spread of the disease in fields. We will use an engineering advancement, our active multispectral imager (MSI), to rapidly determine the infection status of plants in the field in Tanzania. The MSI observes leaves using many different wavelengths, and the resulting light spectra are interpreted by machine learning models trained on cassava leaf scans. Under laboratory conditions, the MSI detects CBSD infection with 95% accuracy at 28 days post-infection, when plants have no visible symptoms. Our multinational team is studying and modeling the spread of CBSD to assess the efficacy of using the MSI to detect and remove infected cassava plants from fields before CBSD can spread. In addition to improving the food security of people who eat cassava in sub-Saharan Africa, our technology and modeling framework may be useful in diseases of other vegetatively propagated crops such as banana/plantain, potato, sweet potato, and yam.

Information

© The Authors 2024
Four-state Fano resonance electro-optical modulator and sensor based on double borophene-dielectric grating structure
Authors: Pan Yizhao , Chen Fang , Li Yuchang , Li Chen , Gao Yingying , Yang Wenxing
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we propose a borophene-based double-dielectric-grating structure (BDDGS) to realize the Fano resonance electro-optical modulator and sensor. The Fano resonance originated from the coupling of two resonance modes excited by the upper borophene grating (UBG) and the lower borophene grating (LBG). The coupling mode theory (CMT) is utilized to fit the Fano transmission spectrum. The calculated result fits well with the simulated spectrum. We found the Fano resonance wavelengths exhibit a blue shift with increasing the carrier density of the borophene layer. Further, we utilize this property to achieve a Four-state Fano resonance electro-optical modulator. The working wavelengths of the ON-ON (11), ON–OFF (10), OFF–ON (01), and OFF-OFF (00) states are 1.321

μ
m

and 1.676

μ
m
,

respectively. The asymmetric Fano spectra exhibit high sensing sensitivity

S
=
21

T
Hz
/
R
I
U

and figure of merit

F
O
M
=
3.9

R
I

U

−
1

.

Moreover, our proposed structure possesses a slow-fast light effect with the maximum group index are 57.84 and −332.3, respectively. Although several Fano resonance and electro-optical modulators based on two- dimensional (2D) material, like graphene, black phosphorus, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are previously reported, this paper designed a borophene-based metamaterial to achieve Fano resonance electro-optical modulator and sensor, because borophene possesses a series of excellent physical and chemical properties, for example, mechanical compliance, high carrier mobility, and optical transparency. Therefore, the proposed borophene-based metamaterial will be beneficial in the fields of high-performance plasmonic sensors, slow light, and electro-optical modulators in the near future.
The de Haas–van Alphen quantum oscillations in the kagome metal RbTi3Bi5
Authors: Dong 董 Zixian 自仙 , Shi 石 Lei 磊 , Wang 王 Bin 彬 , Huo 霍 Mengwu 梦五 , Huang 黄 Xing 星 , Huang 黄 Chaoxin 潮欣 , Ma 马 Peiyue 培跃 , Zhang 张 Yunwei 云蔚 , Shen 沈 Bing 冰 , Wang 王 Meng 猛
Published: August 2024

The kagome system has attracted great interest in condensed matter physics due to its unique structure that can host various exotic states such as superconductivity (SC), charge density waves (CDWs) and nontrivial topological states. The topological semimetal RbTi3Bi5 consisting of a Ti kagome layer shares a similar crystal structure to the topological correlated materials AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) but without the absence of CDW and SC. Systematic de Haas–van Alphen oscillation measurements are performed on single crystals of RbTi3Bi5 to pursue nontrivial topological physics and exotic states. Combining this with theoretical calculations, the detailed Fermi surface topology and band structure are investigated. A two-dimensional Fermi pocket β is revealed with a light effective mass, consistent with the semimetal predictions. The Landau fan diagram of RbTi3Bi5 reveals a zero Berry phase for the β oscillation in contrast to that of CsTi3Bi5. These results suggest that kagome RbTi3Bi5 is a good candidate for exploring nontrivial topological exotic states and topological correlated physics.
Phase induced localization transition
Authors: Liu 刘 Tong 通 , Wei 魏 Xingbo 兴波 , Wang 王 Youguo 友国
Published: August 2024

Localization phenomenon is an important research field in condensed matter physics. However, due to the complexity and subtlety of disordered systems, new localization phenomena always emerge unexpectedly. For example, it is generally believed that the phase of the hopping term does not affect the localization properties of the system, so the calculation of the phase is often ignored in the study of localization. Here, we introduce a quasiperiodic model and demonstrate that the phase change of the hopping term can significantly alter the localization properties of the system through detailed numerical simulations, such as the inverse participation ratio and multifractal analysis. This phase-induced localization transition provides valuable information for the study of localization physics.
Study on MTPA control of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on the integrated search method
Authors: Liu Longyu
Published: August 2024

Aiming at the problem that the current MTPA control strategy cannot take into account the dynamic performance and static stability at the same time, this paper introduces the algorithm of the conductivity incremental method and proposes a comprehensive search method based on the conductivity incremental method. In this paper, firstly, the search is carried out with a fixed step size; when some parameters of the motor change due to environmental factors, this MTPA strategy is almost not affected, and it can get rid of the dependence on the motor parameters; but the optimal value has a large oscillating range, and the accuracy is relatively poor. Finally, this paper proposes an integrated search method based on the conductivity increment method according to the problem of search accuracy, setting the dT/dβ threshold. The absolute value is larger than this threshold to search with a fixed step size, and smaller than this threshold, dT/dβ is used as the scale factor to formulate a matching search step size. Through comparative analysis of the above strategies through the Matlab/Simulink software simulation test, results show that the MTPA control strategy based on the conductivity incremental method of integrated search method is very little affected by certain motor parameters, and greatly improves the accuracy of the optimal stator vector angle of the MTPA. The search time is shorter, and the system has a better dynamic response and the ability to produce torque output.
Kinematic analysis of deflection-jointed manipulator based on geometric analysis
Authors: Li Manhong , Luo Wenbo , Song Guangze , Zhang Rui , Jiao Xin , Zhang Nannan
Published: August 2024

The irreplaceable role of high load-deadweight ratio robotic arms has become increasingly prominent in manufacturing and service industries. Based on the analysis of the influence of the angle between the joint axis and the adjacent member on the motion characteristics and bearing capacity of the manipulator, the deflection joint layout is proposed, and the deflection joint manipulator is designed. The deflection joint manipulator is abstracted as an equivalent simple tandem mechanism, the deflection joint motion equation is extracted according to the deflection joint motion characteristics, and the solution method of the end pose of the manipulator is established. By decoupling the end position parameters to the distance parameters, the height parameters, and the turnover angle parameters, the joint angle solution formula is established, and the analytical inverse solution of all kinematics of the deflecting joint manipulator is obtained. The simulation results of the deflection joint manipulator verify the feasibility and accuracy of the kinematics solution method.
Analysis of three-phase single-stage AC/DC LLC resonant converter
Authors: Yue Yuge , Hao Quanrui , Ma Ningyi
Published: August 2024

Single-stage resonant converters in AC/DC power conversion have been researched widely due to their high efficiency, low size, and low cost. However, the ripples are unavoidable because of the single-stage structure. A three-phase single-stage AC/DC LLC resonant converter is proposed to minimize the output ripples. Three-phase harmonics cancel each other out, and the output can be better controlled. Besides, power factor correction (PFC) is realized to improve power quality. The power loss can be decreased because of the achievement of soft-switching. The proposed converter can output a stable voltage of 600V with ripples of 1% and a rated power of 3.3kW in the simulation results, which verifies the theoretical analysis of this converter.
A bearing fault diagnosis method using a dynamic model with deep domain adaptation
Authors: Zhang Chenguang , Huang Xiaochun , Liu Zhenguo , Zhang Jieyi , Lei Ting , Zhong Shuqi
Published: August 2024

The failure of the rolling bearing, one of the core components widely used in industry, will lead to the abnormal operation of the machine and even cause safety accidents. To avoid this situation, fault diagnosis become more and more important. The traditional fault diagnosis model uses the classical deep learning model as the backbone depends on a bulk of labeled fault data, which is difficult to acquire in real industrial scenarios. To address the above problems, a fault diagnosis method using a failure mechanism with deep domain adaptation is proposed. A failure mechanism-based bearing dynamic model is constructed to simulate different types of labeled fault data and deep domain adaptation is used to extract common fault features of simulation data and real data. The fault dataset including different types of failure modes running on bearing test rigs from Paderborn University is used to verify the performance of the proposed method. It follows that the introduction of deep domain adaption can improve the accuracy of diagnosis even though the labeled fault data is not enough.
Effect of laser power on microstructure and properties of Ti-Al/WC composite coatings
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Dong Baoquan , Gong Xun , Chen Haojie , Jiao Haichao , Zhao Hui , Zhao Haitao , Mei Li
Published: August 2024

To enhance the performance of TC4 titanium alloy, laser cladding technology was used to prepare a Ti-Al/WC composite coating on its surface, and the influence of laser power on the physical phase composition, microstructure, friction and wear properties and hardness of the coating were studied. The studies indicate that the coating consists of Ti3Al2, TiAl, Ti3Al gray matrix organization and TiAl, Ti2AlC gray-white precipitation organization. When laser power increases, the gray-white precipitated tissue increases significantly, and the precipitated TiC changes from dot-like, flake-like, and short rod-like to dendritic. When the laser power is 1200W, TiC gradually transforms into Ti2AlC phase, and the shape of the precipitated tissue becomes irregular. In comparison to the substrate, the average hardness of the coatings rises by 1.88-2.27 times, and the maximum average hardness of 635.6HV is achieved at 1000W of laser power. The cladding layer has better wear resistance at laser powers of 1000W and 1200W. The wear mechanisms of the coatings are abrasive and adhesive wear.
Utilization of waste silty soil as fine aggregate in controlled low-strength material
Authors: Qiu Haomiao , Jiang Senhua , Shou Lei
Published: August 2024

Silty soil excavated in construction projects is usually considered waste material. This work pioneers a high-value utilization of waste soil by exploring the feasibility of repurposing silt soil to prepare controlled low-strength materials (CLSMs). For sustainable purposes, alkali-excited fly ash and waste glass powder are used instead of pure cement, and the necessary additives are introduced to improve the performance of CLSM. Laboratory tests are performed on CLSMs with different mixture ratios to evaluate the flowability, unconfined compressive strength, and setting times. The effects of two critical parameters: the water content (W/G), i.e., the mass ratio of water to solid in CLSM mixtures, and the stabilizer content (S/MLd), i.e., the mass ratio of stabilizer to dry silty soil are studied. Experimental results indicate that the increase of water content has a favorable effect on flowability, but significantly increases setting time and reduces the compressive strength. Furthermore, when the water content is over 0.4, the initial setting time may exceed 4 hours, limiting the application of CLSMs. The increase of stabilizer content is beneficial to the increase of flowability and strength and markedly accelerates the final setting time. The predictive equations of flowability and compressive strength and 7 days of the silty soil-based CLSM have been developed with W/G and S/MLd, and the predicted results are compared with the results on the contour map. Based on the prediction model, the recommended intervals of W/G and S/MLd are given to meet the strength and flowability targets of different applications.
Research on multiaxial fatigue life prediction of lifting equipment based on symbol corrected equivalent stress spectrum
Authors: Chen Li , Ding Keqin
Published: August 2024

During the cyclic operation of lifting equipment, critical structural fatigue damage and fracture failure often occur, causing huge economic losses and even leading to major accidents. In practical work, lifting equipment not only bears tensile and compressive loads but also significant shear loads. Under its actual working conditions, it causes multiaxial fatigue damage. This article studies the multiaxial load spectrum obtained by deploying fiber Bragg gratings strain rosette in high-risk and prone-to-cracking areas of lifting equipment and using a multiaxial stress equivalent method based on symbol correction, the multiaxial complex stress spectrum is equivalent to a modified uniaxial stress spectrum. Combined with the developed dual parameter four peak valley rain flow fast counting algorithm program, the cumulative damage caused is calculated using the Miner linear cumulative fatigue damage model. Finally, a prediction is made for the multiaxial load fatigue life of high-risk and prone-to-cracking areas in lifting equipment. The results show that the multiaxial fatigue life prediction method for high-risk and prone-to-cracking areas of lifting equipment based on symbol corrected Von Mises equivalent stress spectrum in this article is more accurate than the prediction results obtained from classical Von Mises equivalent stress spectrum and uniaxial stress spectrum calculations, which to some extent solves the problem of difficult engineering application of current multiaxial fatigue theory.
Study on fatigue life of abutment based on multi-sample test method
Authors: Zhang Liangxia , Tian Yunjing , Qiao Mengsun , Li Yongning , Luo Jinni , Hu Zhifang , Zhao Lijuan
Published: August 2024

The key to increasing the service life of dental implants is to improve the stability of dental implants. In the dental implant system, the abutment is the key structure connecting the upper crown and the lower implant and achieving anti-rotation and anti-loosening between them. During daily chewing, the abutment-implant connection will often be twisted by force, and the implant operation requires torque. To ensure its stable use, the abutment-implant connection should have sufficient anti-torsion and anti-deformation ability. The connection structure has an important influence on the overall stability of the implant system.

The research object of this paper is a group of common and representative commercial implant systems. The fatigue life of the abutment is studied by experiments. According to the implant dynamic fatigue test standard (BS EN ISO 14801:2016), the worst conditions of implant fatigue loading were determined, and fatigue tests were carried out on the implant system with this type of connected structure. Through the test results, the maximum cyclic load that the implant can bear in the case of fatigue fracture is determined, and whether the product can be used safely under this load force is verified. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: the abutment can withstand more than 5 million cycles of loading under 240 N load without being damaged. In the absence of special conditions, patients can use the implant product for a long time without replacing it, avoiding the risk of multiple operations.
Research on deformation strain field of vehicle body welding based on laser scanning detection
Authors: Li Lina , Sun Hongchang , Bao Yuanhao
Published: August 2024

At present, the traditional welding temperature field and stress prediction mainly rely on the experience curve or empirical formula based on experiment and statistics, which cannot comprehensively predict and analyze the impact of welding on the overall structural mechanical characteristics and objectively evaluate the welding quality. In this paper, based on simulated welding software, the temperature field stress field and residual stress deformation after welding are simulated by the finite element method, and a set of feasible 3D welding temperature field calculation methods, stress field, and deformation dynamic simulation analysis methods are established.
Multi-objective optimization of the wave-proof plate layout of the liquid tank vehicle based on NSGA-II and RSM
Authors: Xiao Houjie , Qin Hongbin , He An
Published: August 2024

Under the braking condition of the tanker, the liquid in the tank will have an impact on the tank body due to shaking. The arrangement spacing of the wave-proof plate has a great influence on the wave-proof effect. In order to study the optimal spacing of the wave-proof plate, a liquid sloshing model was established based on FLUENT, and the stress peak of the front head and the wave-proof plate 1 was determined as the optimization goal. The response model of the front head and the wave-proof plate 1 on the space of the three wave-proof plates was obtained through the response surface experiment, and the multi-objective optimization mathematical model of the wave-proof plate spacing was established based on RSM. The NSGA-II algorithm was used to solve the model, and the optimal combination of parameters of the spacing of the wave-proof plate was obtained. After optimization, the peak stresses of the front head and the first wave board are reduced by 8.6% and 5.2%.