bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alcohol‐induced liver injury is mediated via α4‐containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in hepatocytes
Authors: Ritzenthaler Jeffrey D. , Ekuban Abigail , Horsman Benjamin , Roman Jesse , Watson Walter H.
Published: January 2025

Background

Our previous study demonstrated that alcohol induced the expression of the α4 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the livers of wild type mice (WT), and that whole‐body α4 nAChR knockout mice (α4KO) showed protection against alcohol‐induced steatosis, inflammation, and injury. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that hepatocyte‐specific α4 nAChRs may directly contribute to the detrimental effects of alcohol on the liver.

Methods

Hepatocyte‐specific α4 knockout mice (α4HepKO) were generated, and the absence of α4 nAChR was confirmed through PCR of genomic DNA. Female WT and α4HepKO mice were exposed to alcohol in the NIAAA chronic + binge model. After 10 days on the Lieber–DeCarli liquid diet containing 5% (vol/vol) alcohol or isocaloric maltose‐dextrin, the mice were gavaged with a single dose of alcohol or isocaloric maltose‐dextrin. The mice were euthanized 9 h later and their organs harvested. Additionally, hepatocytes were isolated from WT, α4HepKO, α4floxed, and α4KO mice and exposed to 80 mM alcohol in vitro for 24 h. Steatosis, inflammation, and cell injury were assessed in both liver and isolated hepatocytes.

Results

In WT mice, alcohol exposure resulted in hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and injury as evidenced by increased liver triglycerides, neutrophil infiltration, and serum concentrations of liver enzymes. All of these responses were markedly lower in α4HepKO mice. mRNA expression of genes involved in lipogenesis (Srebf1, Fasn, and Dgat2) and inflammation (TNFα, Cxcl5, Cxcl1, and Serpine1) were increased in the livers of WT mice exposed to alcohol in vivo and in WT hepatocytes exposed to alcohol in vitro. These changes were not observed in liver or hepatocytes from mice lacking α4 nAChRs.

Conclusions

α4 nAChRs expressed in hepatocytes mediate alcohol‐associated hepatoxicity. Therefore, the development of therapeutic strategies targeting hepatocyte α4‐containing nAChRs could help reduce the burden of ALD.
Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery for a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Lower Rectum: A Case Report
Authors: Naito Atsushi , Takahasi Hidekazu , Yoshihara Terukazu , Iwamoto Kazuya , Ohara Nobuyoshi , Matsuda Chu , Noura Shingo
Published: January 2025

Rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are prevalent in the lower rectum, and the existing literature suggests that transanal interventions are advantageous for anorectal preservation. Herein, we present a case of rectal GIST resection using transanal minimally invasive surgery. A 75‐year‐old woman reported vaginal discomfort and was subsequently diagnosed with GIST via transanal tumor biopsy. Local excision using transanal minimally invasive surgery was performed with an operative duration of 203 min and minimal hemorrhage. No evidence of recurrence was observed at the one‐year postoperative follow‐up.
Fixed dosing of alpelisib for children with vascular anomalies: Can we do better?
Authors: Remy Amandine , Etingin Albert , Gavra Paul , Garcia‐Bournissen Facundo , Essouri Sandrine , Denoncourt Audrey , Tran Thai Hoa , Dubois Josée , Théorêt Yves , Kleiber Niina
Published: January 2025

Severe forms of vascular malformations (VM) can highly impact patients' quality of life and lead to life‐threatening organ dysfunction. Numerous VM are caused by somatic activating mutations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Alpelisib, a PIK3CA inhibitor was recently FDA‐approved for paediatric PIK3CA‐related overgrowth syndrome (PROS). However, an empiric and fixed dose of 50 mg was selected, irrespective of weight, in the absence of any pharmacokinetic (PK) data. We aim to report novel alpelisib PK data in children to support dosing decisions.

Nine patients with severe VM (PROS: n = 4, other VM: n = 5) were included. Mean age was 10.5 years (SD = 5.2 years), and mean weight was 43 kg (SD = 24 kg). AUC on the fixed dose of 50 mg/day was highly variable (mean = 7035 ng*h/mL, SD = 4057, CV = 58%). AUC was correlated with weight.

As short‐ and long‐term adverse effects to alpelisib in children are unknown, a dosing based on PK data is urgently needed.
Imaging Lessons From Multidisciplinary Team Meetings at a Quaternary Referral Center: A Case‐Based Review of Radiology Findings in Complex Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Reghunath Anjuna , Kharabish Ahmed , Radike Monika
Published: January 2025

Optimal management of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) requires a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach, fostering a collaborative culture over an individualistic approach. Within this framework, subspecialty‐trained radiologists provide crucial imaging expertise, supporting cardiologists, surgeons, and interventional cardiologists in diagnoses, treatment planning, and follow‐up evaluations. Advanced imaging tools and a nuanced understanding of surgical and interventional procedures enable radiologists to provide valuable insights to clinicians. In this review, we discuss the structure of ACHD MDT meeting at a quaternary center, briefly review the general principles of interventions in ACHD and the subsequent complications encountered in adulthood, formulate an approach to imaging and reporting such complex repaired cases, and review the key information to be mentioned in the report for further surgery/intervention. In this review, we use the format of eight key take‐home lessons from an MDT management practice in ACHD.
Clinical, Analytical, and Echocardiographic Associations of Impaired Cardiorespiratory Fitness After Anthracycline Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: EPIC Fitness Study
Authors: Tinoco Mariana , Castro Margarida , Pinheiro Luísa , Pereira Tamara , Lourenço Mário , Castro Filipa , Oliveira Liliana , Teixeira Alexandra , Torres Gonçalo , Mota Paula , Cunha Mafalda , Silva Marco Francisco , Sousa Vítor , Saavedra Mariana , Dias Geraldo , Faria Bebiana , Cordeiro Filipa , Fernandes Marina , Mata Emidio , Gomes Joana , Rebelo Joana , Ferreira Daniela , Andrade Rita , Vaz Rita , Oliveira Isabel , Barros Sónia , Sanz Silva , Machado Inocência , Almeida Filipa , Azevedo Olga , Lourenço António
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study explores the effects of anthracycline chemotherapy (AC) on breast cancer patients, focusing on changes in body composition, advanced echocardiographic parameters at rest and during exercise, and biomarkers; and subsequently assesses whether these parameters are associated with impaired cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).

Methods

In this prospective study, we evaluated women with early‐stage breast cancer undergoing AC at three visits: before AC, 1 month after, and 6 months post‐AC.

Results

The study included 32 women with breast cancer, with functional disability increasing from 9.0% pre‐AC to 43.8% at 1 month and 53.1% at 6 months post‐AC. At 1 month, patients with functional disability exhibited higher rates of cancer therapy‐related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) (85.7% vs. 55.5%) and, during exercise, showed lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), reduced contractile reserve and stroke volume (SV); along with elevated IL‐6, PlGF, and MPO levels. By 6 months, these patients maintained higher CTRCD rates (35.3% vs. 0%), lower SV and cardiac output (CO), reduced global longitudinal strain (GLS), and decreased global work index (GWI). During exercise, they had lower SV; additionally, they exhibited higher MPO levels and increased body and visceral fat. In our multivariable model: age, body fat, resting GWI, exercise LVEF, and CO were independently associated with VO2peak.

Conclusion

Significant and persistent CRF reductions are common in breast cancer patients post‐AC. While resting LVEF and GLS were not linked to VO2peak, resting MWI and exercise LVEF and CO were, potentially identifying patients at increased long‐term heart failure risk who would benefit from cardioprotective strategies like cardio‐oncology rehabilitation. It is important to recognize that impaired CRF is multifactorial, as demonstrated by age and body fat being independently associated with VO2peak, and the impact of non‐cardiac factors should be better studied.

Our findings highlight the need for further research on CTRCD definition, suggesting that CPET and advanced exercise echocardiography could enhance risk stratification.
Vegetation Types Shift Physiological and Phenological Controls on Carbon Sink Strength in a Coastal Zone
Authors: Wei Siyu , Paytan Adina , Chu Xiaojing , Zhang Xiaoshuai , Song Weimin , Wang Xiaojie , Li Peiguang , Han Guangxuan
Published: January 2025

The carbon sink function performed by the different vegetation types along the environmental gradient in coastal zones plays a vital role in mitigating climate change. However, inadequate understanding of its spatiotemporal variations across different vegetation types and associated regulatory mechanisms hampers determining its potential shifts in a changing climate. Here, we present long‐term (2011–2022) eddy covariance measurements of the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 at three sites with different vegetation types (tidal wetland, nontidal wetland, and cropland) in a coastal zone to examine the role of vegetation type on annual carbon sink strength. We found that the three study sites are stable carbon sinks and are influenced by their distinct physiological and phenological factors. The annual NEE of the tidal wetland, nontidal wetland, and cropland were determined predominantly by the seasonal peaks of net CO2 uptake, release, and duration of CO2 uptake period. Furthermore, the changes in annual NEE were sensitive to climatic variables, as spring mean air temperature reduced the carbon sink strength in the tidal wetland, maximum daily precipitation in summer reduced it in the nontidal wetland, and summer mean global radiation elicited the same effect in the cropland. Finally, a worldwide database of the three vegetation types was compiled, using which we further validated the global consistency of the biological controls. Overall, these results emphasize the importance of considering the underlying mechanisms by which vegetation types influence NEE for the accurate forecasting of carbon sink dynamics across different coastal vegetation types under climate change.
Mixed responses among closely related Neotropical butterflies under extreme climate and land cover changes
Authors: Oliveira Isabela Freitas , Azevedo Josué , Werneck Fernanda P. , da Silva André Pinto , Cabral Juliano Sarmento , Baccaro Fabricio Beggiato
Published: January 2025

Although the Neotropics harbour almost half of the world's butterfly species, there are few assessments regarding the potential future suitability of habitats for this important bioindicator in the region. Here, we test if butterfly species restricted to the Amazonia rainforest will be more affected by environmental change than closely related, more widespread species.

We compiled 1149 individually checked observation records of three closely related species pairs with distinct distribution patterns (Amazonian‐restricted and widely distributed in the Neotropics). Using MaxEnt species distribution models, we projected the future habitat suitability (2050 and 2100) under low (SSP126) and high (SSP585) greenhouse gas emission scenarios and also considering reduced forested cover.

Estimated models showed that in the low‐emission scenario, most species will potentially expand their suitable habitats and distributions by 3.7%–11.4% in 2100. Contrastingly, in the high‐emission scenario, most species will potentially lose habitat and distribution ranges by 9.6%–49.7% in 2100, regardless of their original range extent or phylogenetic relatedness. Only one widespread generalist species might benefit from this scenario in 2100, increasing its suitable habitat area by 30%.

Both Amazonian range‐restricted and more widely distributed Neotropical butterflies may be equally negatively affected by global change in high‐emission scenarios. The fact that only one generalist species might expand its suitable habitat suggests a butterfly fauna homogenisation in the Neotropics. This prospect requires further testing to consider whether global change will affect not only restricted but generalist species as well.
Posture, Competitiveness, and Motivation of Korean Language Learners: A Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Li Xian , Han Jiying
Published: January 2025

Taking Dörnyei's (2005) L2 motivational self system as the theoretical framework, this study investigates the relationships between Korean language learners’ attitudes toward the L2 community, competitiveness, and motivation. Using a mixed‐methods design, data were collected from an anonymous online questionnaire survey with 967 Korean major students at Chinese universities and post‐survey interviews with 17 participants from the survey. The results suggested that the extent to which learners relate themselves to the Korean‐speaking community played a crucial role in the development of their ideal L2 selves. An intercultural friendship orientation, an intergroup approach‐avoidance tendency, and an interest in Korea‐related affairs contributed to an enjoyable learning experience. The increased interest in Korea‐related affairs and competitiveness enhanced learners’ ought‐to L2 selves, while a greater interest in Korea‐related vocations and activities reduced their concern about the expectations of others. These findings provide insights into the motivation to learn the Korean language and thus have pedagogical implications for enhancing learners’ motivation to learn languages other than English in higher education institutions.
From differences to relations: Towards diaspora‐forming processes
Authors: Trzeszczyńska Patrycja , Demel Grzegorz
Published: January 2025

Already before the full‐scale Russian aggression on Ukraine, Poland has been a country inhabited by autochthonous Ukrainians and has remained a popular destination for their co‐ethnic migrants from Ukraine. Many research on diasporic collectivities and their mutual relations identify various ‘diaspora segments’ or connections of ‘groups’ and ‘communities’ within the given diaspora. The focal point on intra‐diasporic differences is a kind of deconstruction of the seemingly coherent communities. However, it is based on taking their existence for granted. An attempt to overcome this perspective is focusing on diaspora‐forming processes as a non‐essentialist and processual approach that localizes the diaspora in the sphere of social imaginings and cultural practices. The diaspora‐forming processes concept, which this paper offers drawing on the ethnographic fieldwork among Ukrainians in Poland, helps to trace intra‐diasporic relations (instead of differences), and multiple identifications that create diasporic groups in peoples' minds.
Marginal Gap Distance and Dynamic Fatigue Performance of Esthetic Crowns for Primary Teeth
Authors: Elkhodary Heba M. , Farsi Najat M. , Abdelmeguid Shereen M. , Elbanna Khaled A. , Alshehri Maha R. , Aldajani Mariam B. , Bhadila Ghalia Y.
Published: January 2025

Background

The growing demand for esthetic restorative materials highlights the need to evaluate their marginal accuracy and fracture resistance to ensure optimal clinical outcomes for primary molars.

Aim

The aim was to assess the vertical marginal gap distance and fracture resistance of esthetic restorative materials after cyclic loading.

Design

Forty extracted primary molars were randomly divided into four groups: Group I, stainless steel veneered crowns with tooth‐colored material; Group II, prefabricated monolithic zirconia crowns; Group III, yttria‐partially stabilized zirconia computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) crowns; and Group IV, hybrid ceramic CAD/CAM crowns. A stereomicroscope was used to measure the vertical marginal gap distance. The fracture resistance was then evaluated by applying cyclic loading.

Results

Group I (1710 μm) exhibited the highest total median vertical marginal gap distance, followed by Groups II, III, and IV (418.3, 341.7, and 86.7 μm, respectively; with an overall statistically significant difference, p < 0.001). Regarding fracture resistance, Group III exhibited the best performance (2018.5 ± 236.0 N), followed by Groups II, IV, and I (1185.4 ± 326.1, 782.8 ± 278.5, and 728.3 ± 247.4 N, respectively). The CAD/CAM crowns exhibited better marginal gap distances than the prefabricated crowns. The CAD/CAM hybrid ceramic crowns exhibited better marginal accuracy than the CAD/CAM zirconia crowns.

Conclusions

Zirconia crowns showed promising results regarding marginal adaptation, whereas hybrid ceramics showed promising results regarding fracture resistance.
An Updated Environmental Resistance Model for Predicting the Spread of Invasive Species
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Kartesz John T. , Nishino Misako , Sturgeon Diane J. E. , Thomas Matthew B.
Published: January 2025

Aim

Predictive models on invasive species spread can assist in identifying large‐scale invasion risk. Environmental resistance (ER) models, which predict spread based on ecological similarity to already‐invaded communities, offer one approach. However, gaps remain in understanding how different ER measurements perform across different taxa and how they can be integrated with future global change. Here, we aim to discern the primary drivers of invasion spread by comparing different ER models and then use the best models to forecast future invasion dynamics.

Location

Eastern US.

Taxa

1873 invasive plants and animals.

Methods

We developed different ER measurements, including biotic similarities among native plants in their species and phylogenetic assemblages, and functional traits, and abiotic similarities in climate, soil, and human disturbances. We obtained the best ER model for each invasive species to evaluate their potential invasion extents; and we further predicted their future range shifts under climate change.

Results

Native plant similarities provided the best proxy measure of ER for both invasive plants and animals. Invasion hotspots were identified in urban and coastal areas, and the predicted potential invasion ranges under current conditions extended from these hotspots to the neighboring areas. The invasion range for most invasives was predicted to increase under future climate change, with Arthropoda and Tracheophyta generally expanding the most among all taxa. The invasives that are predicted to expand their range in the future have already occupied larger areas than the invasives whose ranges are predicted to contract.

Main Conclusions

These results highlight the importance of maintaining diverse native communities in invasion control and raise the concern of increased invasion risk in the future. Our findings call for more efforts on invasion monitoring in areas near large cities, and increased capacity for early detection and rapid response to prevent the current invasives spreading more widely.
Searchin' for Urchins: Utilising Museum Collections and Citizen Science to Assess Species on the Move in the Genus Tripneustes
Authors: McLaren Emily , Sommer Brigitte , Pine Christopher , Miskelly Ashley , Byrne Maria
Published: January 2025

Aim

With the global redistribution of species due to warming, accurately quantifying species distributions is critical to understanding patterns in biodiversity and range shift trajectories. The genus Tripneustes comprises globally important sea urchin taxa that graze seagrass and macroalgae and have the potential to transform ecosystems. In eastern Australia, there are two Tripneustes taxa, the tropical T. g. gratilla and the subtropical‐temperate T. australiae. The temperate distribution of T. australiae was considered to be a climate‐driven range extension of T. g. gratilla until recent taxonomic clarification. We quantified the present and potential future distributions of these taxa in eastern Australia, a global warming hot spot.

Location

Eastern Australia and the Tasman Sea, including Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island, and the north of New Zealand.

Taxon

Tripneustes (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Toxopneustidae).

Methods

We reassessed specimen identifications across four museum collections to synthesise distribution data and citizen science observations, determining the biogeographic range and realised thermal niches of Tripneustes. Habitat suitability models were used to determine current suitable habitat and predict future distributional change.

Results

Whilst T. g. gratilla has a wide tropical‐temperate distribution in the region from Papua New Guinea (9°56′2.4″ S) to Jervis Bay (35°7′12″ S) and a broad realised thermal niche (16.3°C–29.97°C), T. australiae has a subtropical‐temperate distribution (Byron Bay, 28°37′0.12″ S, to Narooma, 36°15′0″ S) and a narrower thermal niche (15.3°C–26°C). Tripneustes densities were highest in the subtropical ecoregions, where the two taxa co‐occur. Habitat suitability modelling indicated that T. australiae is a narrow‐range thermal specialist that will likely undergo a poleward range shift by 2100. In contrast, T. g. gratilla is a generalist that appears capable of occupying a broader range of conditions.

Main Conclusions

Despite their similar ecological roles, congeneric Tripneustes in eastern Australia and the Tasman region have contrasting distributions and realised thermal niches, with distinct implications for their future distributions as the ocean warms.
Social support and online interaction and their links to psychosocial well‐being among Nordic adolescents: Integrating variable‐centered and person‐centered approaches
Authors: Gustafsson Jasmine , Jasinskaja‐Lahti Inga , Konttinen Hanna , Simonsen Nina , Löfstedt Petra , Lyyra Nelli
Published: January 2025

The Nordic countries are among the most digitally advanced societies in the world. Past research suggests that both social support offline and interaction online are linked to adolescent psychological adjustment. However, less is known regarding the complex implications of distinctive sources of social support offline and online interaction for a broader range of indices of adolescent psychosocial well‐being, including its contemporary forms such as social media addiction. This study utilized two methodological approaches to examine the social components and determinants of psychosocial well‐being (psychosomatic complaints and problematic social media use) among 22,384 Nordic adolescents aged between 11 and 15 years. A variable‐centered approach focused on examining perceived support from four sources (family, peers, teachers, and classmates), preference for online interaction, and intensity of online interaction as predictors of psychosocial well‐being. Concurrently, a person‐centered approach was utilized to explore the subgroups at risk of psychosocial ill‐being. In the variable‐centered analysis, lower support from family, teachers, and classmates, higher preference for online interaction, and higher intensity of online interaction with “online contacts” (i.e., interaction partners met online) were linked to higher levels of psychosomatic complaints and more problematic social media use. Additionally, lower peer support was associated with increased psychosomatic complaints, while greater intensity of online interaction with “offline contacts” (e.g., close friends, parents) was related to more problematic social media use. The person‐centered analysis identified five profiles of adolescents: (1) “Multiply supported online users” (56%), (2) “Primarily (family‐peer) supported high online users” (22%), (3) “Non‐supported online users” (13%), (4) “Primarily non‐supported online users” (5%), and (5) “Non‐supported high online users” (4%). Adolescents reporting higher support from multiple sources and moderate online interaction with offline contacts experienced the lowest levels of psychosomatic complaints and the least problematic social media use, while the other profiles exhibited more complex and less optimal psychosocial well‐being. In conclusion, these findings suggest that adolescents benefit most from robust social support offline across multiple social networks, but strong support from certain sources (teachers, classmates) can somewhat mitigate the adverse effects of low support from other sources (family, peers). The relationship between online interaction and psychosocial well‐being is contingent on the level of social support.
Function of N‐acetyltransferase in the biotransformation of aniline in green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Dong Taoxing , Liu Xiaofeng , Yang Yingli , Xiong Jun , Wang Xuedong , Yang Shao
Published: January 2025

Phytoplankton plays a crucial role in the fate of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems by biotransformation and bioaccumulation. Aniline was listed in priority pollutants due to its toxicity and widespread distribution in the aquatic environment. This study focused on investigating the capacity and mechanism of eukaryotic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in transforming aniline. Results showed that the total removal percentage of aniline was 56% within 8 days at an initial concentration of 10 mg · L−1. The percentage of the biotransformation by C. reinhardtii was 23.4%. The biotransformation product was identified as acetanilide, indicating that acetylation was the primary biotransformation pathway. To reveal the key enzyme of the biotransformation process, the N‐acetyltransferase (NAT) gene was cloned from the C. reinhardtii genome, and the NAT protein was obtained through heterologous expression. Aniline was significantly transformed by the purified NAT protein in vitro, and the product was also acetanilide. The characteristics of C. reinhardtii NAT in biotransformation of aniline was analyzed by bioinformatics methods. The binding sites in C. reinhardtii NAT for ligands (aniline and acetyl‐CoA) were identified. Three highly reserved valine residues (Glu85‐Asp86‐Val87‐Val88‐Val89) as well as GLU131 and Cys122 were the indispensable amino acid residues for the catalysis from aniline to acetanilide. These results demonstrated the capacity of C. reinhardtii in the biotransformation of aniline, and the transformation process was primarily through N‐acetylation of aniline to acetanilide catalyzed by NAT enzyme. This study provides novel insights into the biotransformation mechanism of aniline in eukaryotic green alga C. reinhardtii, facilitating the evaluation of the fate of aniline within aquatic ecosystems.
VIS‐to‐MIR reflectance and Raman spectroscopy of the CM2 NWA 12184 carbonaceous chondrite
Authors: Galiano A. , Dirri F. , Ferrari M. , Carli C. , Bruschini E. , Filacchione G. , Piccioni G. , Palomba E. , Stefani S. , Raponi A. , Ciarniello M. , Palumbo M. E. , Scirè Scappuzzo C. , Baratta G. , Urso R. G. , Inno L.
Published: January 2025

The spectral analysis of CM meteorites can help to constrain the mineralogical composition of their parent body, the C‐type asteroids. The CM2 NWA 12184 was spectrally examined employing seven complementary techniques at different spatial resolutions, including VIS‐to‐MIR reflectance and Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, the effects of space weathering on asteroids can be investigated by performing laboratory simulations on meteorites samples; thus, the meteorite was processed with He+ ions at 200 keV (maximum fluence of 1.0 × 1017 ions cm−2) to simulate the solar wind irradiation on C‐type asteroids. We discriminated the mineralogical composition of the NWA 12184 at the millimeter scale and at the micrometer scale, investigating both matrix and chondrules. The ion experiment produced spectral darkening, reddening, shifting of the hydration band, and weakening of the absorption band ascribed to olivine in the VIS‐NIR range, as well as the reduction in the olivine's peak in MIR range, clue of the sample's amorphization. The study identified the native mineralogy of the meteorite, the products of terrestrial weathering, and the aqueous and thermal alteration experienced by the parent body of the sample.
Chain Mediating Effect of Social Support and Trust in Physician on Stroke Caregivers' Decision Self‐Efficacy and Decision Conflict
Authors: Shi Yinan , Chong Mei Sin , Wang Wenru , Li Xin , Zhang Weihong , Lin Beilei , Zhang Zhenxiang , Mei Yongxia
Published: January 2025

To explore the chain mediating role of social support and trust in between decision self‐efficacy and decision conflict of stroke caregivers. Convenient sampling was used to select stroke caregivers who were admitted to the department of neurology, neurosurgery and rehabilitation in a four‐3A hospital in Henan Province from September 2023 to April 2024. General information questionnaire, Decisional Self‐efficacy Scale, Social Support Scale, Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale and Decisional Conflict Scale were adopted. Using SPSS plug‐in PROCESS to analyze the mediating effect, and constructing a chain mediating model between social support and physician trust in decision self‐efficacy and decision conflict. The direct effect of decision self‐efficacy of stroke caregivers on decision conflict was significant, accounting for 33.16% of the total effect. Social support, trust in physician and their mediating effects in decision self‐efficacy and decision conflict are significant, accounting for 41.77%, 18.23%, and 6.84% of the total indirect effects respectively. The decision self‐efficacy of stroke caregivers directly or indirectly affects the decision conflict through the chain intermediary effect of social support and trust in physician.
The Role of Exerkines in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: From Mechanisms to Exercise Strategies
Authors: Xu Yuxiong , Yang Yizhuo , Song Hanan , Li Ming , Shi Weihao , Yu Tongwu , Lin Jianhao , Yu Yanli
Published: January 2025

With the increasing prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), the limitations of traditional treatments, such as their limited efficacy in halting disease progression and their potential side effects, are becoming more evident. This situation has prompted scientists to seek more effective strategies. In recent years, exercise therapy has gained prominence in KOA treatment due to its safety, efficacy, and cost‐effectiveness, which are underpinned by the molecular actions of exerkines. Unlike conventional therapies, exerkines offer specific advantages by targeting inflammatory responses, enhancing chondrocyte proliferation, and slowing cartilage degradation at the molecular level. This review explores the potential mechanisms involved in and application prospects of exerkines in KOA treatment and provides a comprehensive analysis of their role. Studies show that appropriate exercise not only promotes overall health, but also positively impacts KOA by stimulating exerkine production. The effectiveness of exerkines, however, is influenced by exercise modality, intensity, and duration of exercise, making the development of personalized exercise plans crucial for KOA patients. Based on these insights, this paper proposes targeted exercise strategies designed to maximize exerkine benefits, aiming to provide novel perspectives for KOA prevention and treatment.
Psychiatric characteristics of child survivors after the Kahramanmaraş double earthquake
Authors: Özyurt Gonca , Totur Gülberat , Üzüm Özlem , Karagöz Tanıgör Ezgi , Başaran Cemaliye , Mutlubaş Fatma , Kasap Demir Belde , Alaygut Demet , Keskin Mehmet Zeynel , Olgaç Dündar Nihal , Akay Aynur , Arslansoyu Çamlar Secil
Published: January 2025

Background

The two strongest earthquakes in Turkey for eight decades hit Kahramanmaraş province on February 6, 2023. This study aimed to determine psychiatric complaints, acute stress symptoms, anxiety, depression, and sleep characteristics in children who were treated in a tertiary inpatient pediatric unit after the earthquakes. They were evaluated in the fourth week after the earthquake.

Methods

Trauma experiences and acute stress disorders were evaluated by child and adolescent psychiatrists, sleep characteristics were examined by the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and the anxiety and depressive symptoms were investigated using the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS). Forty‐two patients aged 1–17 were included.

Results

Trauma experiences and acute stress disorder symptoms were similar for all age groups examined. There were no significant differences in RCADS or CSHQ scores based on age or gender groups. There were significant differences in RCADS scores when the children were grouped as having parental loss or not and, similarly, there were significant differences in sleep anxiety and resistance to bedtime in CSHQ between these children.

Conclusion

This research offered baseline findings about psychological outcomes after these earthquakes in child survivors, and it may provide a further basis to assess the effect of psychological interventions after earthquakes. These results may offer a foundation for suitable psychological interventions for children in developing countries.
Cold War Art Worlds
Authors: Wille Simone
Published: January 2025

During the Cold War, the Central-European capital of Prague, alongside other locations in the polarized post-war world, emerged as a key site where an art world of particular importance for artists from South Asia developed. By emphasizing cultural mobility as a catalyst for exchange and network building, this book challenges and complicates assumptions about Cold War binaries of East and West and the polarization between so-called totalitarian regimes and free cultures. Positioning Prague as a nexus where South-Asian modernisms intersected with multiple peoples, histories, and ideologies in the post-World War II era, it offers a narrative of decolonization that rejected rigid systemic alignment in favor of participation across blocs by prioritizing migratory aesthetics over nationalist parochialism. Well-researched and rich in archival materials, this book proposes new ways of writing art histories and makes a significant contribution to both Cold War studies and critical global modernism studies.
The X chromosome’s influences on the human brain
Authors: Jiang Zhiwen , Sullivan Patrick F. , Li Tengfei , Zhao Bingxin , Wang Xifeng , Luo Tianyou , Huang Shuai , Guan Peter Y. , Chen Jie , Yang Yue , Stein Jason L. , Li Yun , Liu Dajiang , Sun Lei , Zhu Hongtu
Published: January 2025

Genes on the X chromosome are extensively expressed in the human brain. However, little is known for the X chromosome’s impact on the brain anatomy, microstructure, and functional networks. We examined 1045 complex brain imaging traits from 38,529 participants in the UK Biobank. We unveiled potential autosome–X chromosome interactions while proposing an atlas outlining dosage compensation for brain imaging traits. Through extensive association studies, we identified 72 genome-wide significant trait-locus pairs (including 29 new associations) that share genetic architectures with brain-related disorders, notably schizophrenia. Furthermore, we found unique sex-specific associations and assessed variations in genetic effects between sexes. Our research offers critical insights into the X chromosome’s role in the human brain, underscoring its contribution to the differences observed in brain structure and functionality between sexes.
Diverse and highly differentiated lava suite in Jezero crater, Mars: Constraints on intracrustal magmatism revealed by Mars 2020 PIXL
Authors: Schmidt Mariek E. , Kizovski Tanya V. , Liu Yang , Hernandez-Montenegro Juan D. , Tice Michael M. , Treiman Allan H. , Hurowitz Joel A. , Klevang David A. , Knight Abigail L. , Labrie Joshua , Tosca Nicholas J. , VanBommel Scott J. , Benaroya Sophie , Crumpler Larry S. , Horgan Briony H. N. , Morris Richard V. , Simon Justin I. , Udry Arya , Yanchilina Anastasia , Allwood Abigail C. , Cable Morgan L. , Christian John R. , Clark Benton C. , Flannery David T. , Heirwegh Christopher M. , Henley Thomas L. J. , Henneke Jesper , Jones Michael W. M. , Orenstein Brendan J. , Herd Christopher D. K. , Randazzo Nicholas , Shuster David , Wadhwa Meenakshi
Published: January 2025

The Jezero crater floor features a suite of related, iron-rich lavas that were examined and sampled by the Mars 2020 rover Perseverance, and whose textures, minerals, and compositions were characterized by the Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry (PIXL). This suite, known as the Máaz formation (fm), includes dark-toned basaltic/trachy-basaltic rocks with intergrown pyroxene, plagioclase feldspar, and altered olivine and overlying trachy-andesitic lava with reversely zoned plagioclase phenocrysts in a K-rich groundmass. Feldspar thermal disequilibrium textures indicate that they were carried from their crustal staging area. Bulk and mafic minerals have very high FeO and low MgO to FeO
total
ratios, which are partially reproduced by thermodynamic models involving high-degree fractional crystallization of a gabbroic assemblage and possibly also assimilation of iron-rich basement. Together, these in situ constraints on petrogenesis provide a uniquely detailed record of intracrustal processes beneath Jezero crater during a time period not represented by Mars samples to date.
Natural hydrogen in the volcanic-bearing sedimentary basin: Origin, conversion, and production rates
Authors: Liu Quanyou , Wei Yongbo , Li Pengpeng , Huang Xiaowei , Meng Qingqiang , Wu Xiaoqi , Zhu Dongya , Xu Huiyuan , Fu Yin , Zhu Di , Zhang Wang , Jin Zhijun
Published: January 2025

The origins of natural hydrogen in natural gas systems of sedimentary basins and the capacity of these systems to store hydrogen remain inadequately understood, posing crucial questions for the large-scale exploration of natural hydrogen. This study reports on the natural gas composition, stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic values, and helium isotopic values of gas samples collected from the Qingshen gas deposit within volcanic rocks of the Songliao Basin. Natural hydrogen primarily originates from water radiolysis, water-rock interactions (WRI), and mantle. The Qingshen gas deposit contains 95.23 × 10
9
cubic meters of abiotic CH
4
, of which 15.24 × 10
9
cubic meters was generated through hydrogen conversion via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, with the maximum original hydrogen reserves calculated to be approximately 61.9 × 10
9
cubic meters. We estimated that the study area has generated a maximum total of 572 × 10
9
cubic meters of radiolytic hydrogen, 248 × 10
9
cubic meters of WRI hydrogen, and 127 × 10
9
cubic meters of mantle-derived hydrogen.
Depositional age of the Boleo Formation and marine flooding in the central Gulf of California Rift, Santa Rosalía basin, Baja California Sur, México
Authors: Darin Michael H. , Dorsey Rebecca J. , Niemi Tina M. , Salgado Muñoz Valente O. , Henry Matthew W. , Pecha Mark E.
Published: January 2025

The Santa Rosalía basin (Baja California Sur, México) contains a rich record of late Cenozoic volcanism, faulting, and sedimentation that provides a crucial constraint on the timing of marine flooding from the Pacific Ocean into the nascent Gulf of California oblique rift, yet the precise age of the basin is uncertain. Previous studies used reconnaissance paleomagnetic data and a 40Ar/39Ar age of 6.76 ± 0.90 Ma on the intrabasinal Cinta Colorada tuff to estimate a depositional age of ca. 7.2–6.3 Ma for the marine Boleo Formation and initial flooding of the central Gulf of California. Here, we present a large (n = 2091) detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology data set from the Boleo Formation that indicates a maximum depositional age of 6.35 ± 0.21 Ma for pumiceous sandstone at the base (below the basal limestone), a revised age of 5.86 ± 0.06 Ma for the Cinta Colorada tuff in the middle, and a maximum depositional age of 5.70 ± 0.21 Ma for the top. Detrital zircon age spectra suggest a local provenance for the Boleo Formation involving recycling from underlying Oligocene–Miocene strata in proximal source areas. Integration of detrital zircon ages with existing paleomagnetic data suggests that the lower ~30 m of the Boleo Formation accumulated during normal-polarity subchron C3An.1n (6.27–6.02 Ma), and the middle to upper Boleo Formation was deposited entirely during reverse-polarity chron C3r (6.02–5.24 Ma). We therefore reassign the depositional age span of the Boleo Formation to ca. 6.3–5.7 Ma. Although not preferred, a minimum-duration depositional model from ca. 6.1 to 5.8 Ma is also permissible if a consistently high sedimentation rate of ~0.4– 1.0 mm/yr is inferred. This revised younger age for the Boleo Formation implies marine incursion in the central Gulf of California at ca. 6.3 Ma, ~1 m.y. younger than previously thought. We envision that regional marine flooding occurred during a very short (<100 k.y.) event that inundated a narrow tectonic trough over a distance of at least ~1000 km along the plate boundary from the central Gulf of California to the Salton Trough and reaching into the present-day Lower Colorado River Valley. This study also demonstrates the utility of large-volume and large-n detrital zircon studies in establishing the ages of sedimentary successions deposited over very short time spans (<1 m.y.) and/or during relative lulls in magmatism and geomagnetic reversals.
Substantial carbon dioxide release from subducted dolomitic carbonate driven by episodic infiltration of eclogite-facies fluids
Authors: Guo Shun , Hermann Joerg , Chu Xu , Hu Yaxin , Chen Yi , Fei Chenhui , Li Qiuli
Published: January 2025

The mechanism and efficiency of CO2 release from subducting carbonates lie at the heart of quantifying carbon cycling in subduction zones. Most previous studies focused on CO2 release from calcite/aragonite, while decarbonation behavior of another critical carbonate—dolomite—is poorly constrained. Here, we investigated reaction veins and zones in dolomitic marbles from the Dabie ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane, China. Petrology, geochemistry, O-C isotopes, and U-Pb dating reveal that the reaction veins and zones record the metasomatic interaction of dolomitic marbles with episodic Si-Al-Ti−bearing aqueous fluids from UHP eclogites and substantial release of CO2. Mass-balance calculations indicate that 67%−84% of initial CO2 was released from the altered marbles, whereas the losses of Ca (34%−67%) and Mg (almost immobile) are much lower, suggesting that CO2 removal was not caused by simple (bulk) dissolution of dolomite. Instead, it reflects that ∼50% of initial CO2 was removed via replacement reactions of dolomite by Mg-silicates + CaCO3, and another ∼17%−34% CO2 extraction was by dissolution of reaction-formed CaCO3. Enrichment of solutes (e.g., Si and Al) in slab fluids facilitates the decarbonation by solute load in fluid-dolomite interactions, and pulsed fluid infiltration helps enhance CO2 liberation. Considering the wide presence of dolomite in subducted slabs and its high decarbonation efficiency during fluid infiltration, the findings highlight that slab dolomite plays a significant role in carbon release from subduction zones.
Forequarter amputation: a viable approach for salvaging lives in chemoresistant upper limb bone tumours
Authors: Ratan Rajesh , Behera Prateek , Patange Vaishnavi , Gujar Hem Raj
Published: January 2025

This case revolves around a mid-childhood boy diagnosed with a chemoresistant chondroblastic osteosarcoma, a rare and aggressive form of bone tumour affecting his left proximal humerus. Histopathological confirmation of chondroblastic osteosarcoma was obtained through core-needle biopsy. Despite initiating cytoreductive neoadjuvant chemotherapy using a vincristine and cyclophosphamide regimen, the tumour exhibited resistance, prompting the decision to proceed with a forequarter amputation. The patient underwent a planned forequarter amputation by an anterior approach that involved careful dissection of soft tissues, especially around vascular and neural structures. The procedure aimed at achieving complete resection of the chemoresistant tumour. Notably, the case underscores the challenges posed by chemoresistance and the need for radical interventions in such complex clinical scenarios.

The discussion touches on the rationale behind the treatment decision, the surgical approach and potential implications on the patient’s functional status and quality of life post-amputation.
Obstetric and pregnancy-related factors associated with caesarean delivery in Bangladesh: a survey in Rajshahi district
Authors: Hossain Md Aslam , Mamun Abu Sayed Md Al , Awal Md Abdul , Sazzad Jarin , Karim Md Reazul , Hossain Md Golam
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Caesarean section (CS) delivery is the most common operative obstetric procedure globally. The increasing trend of CS deliveries poses a significant threat to both child and maternal health. The adverse maternal outcomes associated with caesarean delivery represent a substantial public health concern worldwide. This study aimed to identify emerging obstetric and pregnancy risk factors and maternal outcomes associated with CS delivery among women in Rajshahi district, Bangladesh.

Design

This was a cross-sectional study.

Setting

Data were collected from 9 Upazilas with 233 community clinics of Rajshahi district, Bangladesh.

Participants

Multistage sampling technique was utilised for selecting sample from the population. A total of 540 mothers with a live infant were enrolled in the study. Descriptive statistics, χ2test, logistic regression and ROC curve were used to analyse the data.

Results

The mean age of respondents was 26.28 years (SD 4.96); among them, the proportion of CS was 34.44%, with a higher proportion occurring in private clinics (82.8%) compared with public hospitals (17.2%). The likelihood of having a CS increased with factors such as insufficient sleep duration (p=0.002), oedema problems (p=0.014), inadequate supplements of micronutrients (p=0.009), severe headaches with blurred vision (p=0.028) and inadequate food consumption during pregnancy (p=0.032). The probability of experiencing obstetric fistula or postpartum anaemia (p=0.049) was higher among mothers who had a CS in their most recent live birth than mothers who had a vaginal birth.

Conclusion

The study found that having a CS increases the risk of maternal complications like an obstetric fistula or postpartum anaemia. Considering these results, it is recommended to urgently introduce carefully evaluated clinical practices to assess if vaginal delivery is possible. Counselling women about the delivery method is important to decrease unnecessary CS in Bangladesh.