bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Separation and detection of charged unilamellar vesicles in vacuum by a frequency-scanned quadrupole mass sensor
Authors: Spesyvyi Anatolii , Cebecauer Marek , Žabka Ján , Olżyńska Agnieszka , Malečková Michaela , Johanovská Zuzana , Polášek Miroslav , Charvat Ales , Abel Bernd
Published: October 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous particles released by cells considered as a promising source of biomarkers for various diseases. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of EVs requires a sample of purified and disintegrated EVs. Purification of EVs is laborious, based on size, density or surface nature and requires large amounts of the source material (e.g., blood, spinal fluid). We have employed synthetically produced large unilamellar lipid vesicles (LUVs) as analogs of EVs to demonstrate a simplified method of vesicle separation for mass spectrometry analysis. Mass-to-charge ratio m/z separation by frequency-scanned quadrupole was employed to filter narrow size distributions of LUVs from a water sample. Lipid vesicles were charged with nano-electrospray and transferred into a vacuum using two wide m/z-range frequency-scanned quadrupoles. The m/z, charges and masses of individual vesicles were obtained by the nondestructive single-pass charge detector. The resolving regime of the second quadrupole with m/z RSD < 10% allowed to separate size selected distributions of vesicles with modal diameters 87, 111, 130, 160, 181 nm at corresponding quadrupole m/z settings 2.5×105, 5×105, 8×105, 1.5×106, 2.5×106 with detection frequencies 20-100 per minute. The presented approach for lipid vesicles separation encourages the development of new techniques for direct mass-spectrometric analysis of biomarkers in MS-separated EVs in a vacuum.
Cu-supported ZnO in Conditions of CO2 Reduction to Methanol: Why 0.2 ML Coverage?
Authors: Lavroff Robert , Cummings Edison , Sawant Kaustubh , Zhang Zisheng , Sautet Philippe , Alexandrova Anastassia
Published: October 2024

By hydrogenating carbon dioxide to value-added products such as methanol, heterogenous catalysts can lower greenhouse gas emissions and generate alternative, liquid fuels. The most common commercial catalyst for CO2 reduction to methanol is Cu/ZnO/Al2O3, where ZnO improves conversion and selectivity toward methanol. The structure of this catalyst is thought to be Zn oxy(hydroxyl) overlayers at the nanometer scale on Cu. In the presence of CO2 and H2 under reaction conditions, the Cu substrate itself can be restructured and/or partially oxidized at its interface with ZnO, or the Zn might be reduced, possibly completely to a CuZn alloy, making the exact structure and stoichiometry of the active site a topic of active debate. In this study, we examine Zn3 clusters on Cu(100) and Cu(111), as a sub-nano model of the catalyst. We use a grand canonical genetic algorithm to sample the system structure and stoichiometry under catalytic conditions: T = 550 K, initial partial pressures of H2 = 4.5 atm and CO2 = 0.5 atm, and 1% conversion. We uncover a strong dependence of the catalyst stoichiometry on surface coverage. At the optimal 0.2 ML surface coverage, chains of Zn(OH) form on both Cu surfaces. On Cu(100), the catalyst has many thermally accessible metastable minima, whereas on Cu(111), it does not. No oxidation or reconstruction of the Cu is found. However, at lower coverage of Zn, Zn3 clusters take on a metallic form on Cu(100), and slightly oxidized Zn3O on Cu(111), while the surface uptakes H to form a variety of low hydrides of Cu. We thus hypothesize that the reason the 0.2 ML Zn coverage is optimal, as found experimentally, is the stronger yet incomplete oxidation afforded by Zn at this coverage.
Ultrafine particles and late-life cognitive function: Impacts of stationary mobile monitoring design on health outcomes
Authors: Blanco Magali , Szpiro Adam , Crane Paul , Sheppard Lianne
Published: October 2024

Growing evidence links ultrafine particles (UFP) to neurotoxicity, but human studies remain limited. Various mobile monitoring approaches have been used to collect repeated short-term air pollution samples and develop human exposure models. However, whether design choices impact epidemiologic inferences, including for UFP and cognitive function, remains unclear. We evaluated the adjusted association between UFP number concentration (PNC) and late-life cognitive function (Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument – Item Response Theory [CASI-IRT]) in the Adult Changes in Thought cohort (N=5,283) by leveraging an extensive roadside mobile monitoring campaign specifically designed for epidemiologic application. To assess the impact of common, reduced monitoring approaches on this association, we repeatedly subsampled UFP measures from the extensive campaign, developed exposure models, and evaluated the degree to which associations were impacted. In a reduced adjustment model, the mean baseline CASI-IRT score decreased by 0.020 (95% CI: -0.036, -0.004) per 1,900 pt/cm³ increase in PNC. Associations were consistent across most sampling designs, including fewer visits (median point estimate -0.019, IQR: -0.022, -0.016), fewer seasons (-0.019, IQR: -0.021, -0.016), and unbalanced sampling (-0.018, IQR: -0.022, -0.016), with very unbalanced designs yielding more variable estimates. In the main model, the CASI-IRT score increased by 0.002 (95% CI: -0.016, 0.020), with similar estimates across fewer visits (0.002, IQR: -0.001, 0.004), fewer seasons (0.000, IQR: -0.001, 0.003), and unbalanced sampling (0.001, IQR: -0.001, 0.004). Rush hour designs were more similar (0.002, IQR: 0.000, 0.003) than business hour designs (0.006, IQR: 0.005, 0.007), but the opposite was true when temporal adjustments were applied (rush: -0.003, IQR: -0.005, -0.001; business: 0.002, IQR: 0.001, 0.004). We observed similar trends in sensitivity and secondary analyses. We found no link between UFP exposures and late-life cognition. While various monitoring approaches may be used to capture epidemiologic inferences, extending beyond weekday business and rush hours is likely important.
Accelerated Diradical Character Assessment in Large Datasets of Polybenzenoid Hydrocarbons Using xTB Fractional Occupation
Authors: Wahab Alexandra , Gershoni-Poranne Renana
Published: October 2024

Polybenzenoid hydrocarbons (PBHs) have gar- nered significant attention in the field of or- ganic electronics due to their unique electronic properties. To facilitate the design and discov- ery of new functional organic materials based on these compounds, it is necessary to assess their diradical character. However, this usually requires expensive multireference calculations. In this study, we introduce a novel approach for rapidly identifying and quantifying open- shell character in PBHs using the fractional occupation number weighted electron density metric (NFOD) calculated with the semiempir- ical xTB method. We apply this approach to the entire chemical space of PBHs containing up to 10 rings, a total of over 19k molecules. Our findings reveal a strong correlation be- tween xTB-calculated NFOD and the more com- putationally expensive Yamaguchi y and DFT- calculated NFOD, validating the use of this effi- cient method for large-scale screening. Addi- tionally, we identify a linear relationship be- tween size and NFOD value and implement a size-dependent threshold for open-shell charac- ter, which significantly improves the accuracy of diradical identification across the chemical space of PBHs. This size-aware approach re- duces false positive identifications from 6.97% to 0.38% compared to using a single thresh- old value. Overall, this work demonstrates that xTB-calculated NFOD provides a rapid and cost- effective alternative for large-scale screening of open-shell character in PBHs.
Maximizing Driving Force in the Design of N-oxyl Hydrogen Atom Transfer Catalysts
Authors: Yang Cheng , Farmer Luke , Bernardo Olaya , Arora Sahil , Ghosh Subrata , Maldonado Stephen , Pratt Derek , Stephenson Corey
Published: October 2024

Increasing the bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) of potential hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysts has the potential to un-lock a greater substrate scope for radical C-H functionalization reactions. For the archetype N-oxyl catalyst phthalimide-N-oxyl (PINO), tuning the BDEO-H of its precursor N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) by substitution of the the aryl ring has minimal effects, limiting meaningful advances in catalyst development by modifications of PINO. Herein, we demonstrate that inserting a heteroatom between one of the carbonyl groups of PINO and the aryl ring significantly increases the BDEO-H. For example, an N-phenyl moiety, O-atom or S-atom raises the BDEO-H by 6.5, 6.9 and 8.1 kcal/mol, respectively, relative to NHPI – which translates to an increased kHAT of 4, 36.3 and 24.3, respectively. Our studies of these compounds and a panel of analogs thereof highlight three advantages of this strategy: 1) high synthetic accessibility of catalyst candidates; 2) simultaneous optimization across multiple parameters; and 3) effective activity tuning. These new scaffolds are promising for the development of next-generation HAT catalysts and C-H functionalization reactions.
Desafíos en el diseño de mercados de energía para lograr la transición energética sostenible
Authors: Parada Mayorga Pilar Tatiana , Serna Suárez Iván David , Quiroga Quiroga Óscar Arnulfo , Torres Barreto Martha Liliana
Published: October 2024

La transición energética sostenible requiere que las fuentes de generación convencionales sean reemplazadas gradualmente por fuentes renovables como la energía eólica y solar, de tal manera que para el 2050 se logre una descarbonización casi completa del sector eléctrico. Esta meta implica incrementar la habilidad del sistema para acomodarse al incremento de los niveles de incertidumbre que caracteriza este tipo de generación, manteniendo un nivel de desempeño del sistema satisfactorio a un costo adicional mínimo, para cualquier escala de tiempo, propiedad que es reconocida en la literatura como flexibilidad. La oferta abundante de fuentes renovables - con costo marginal cercano a cero – conduce a preguntarse cómo debería ser la nueva forma de remuneración de los activos de generación convencionales – que pueden ofrecer la flexibilidad requerida – así como los cambios en el diseño de mercado, de tal forma que tenga mecanismos eficientes que premien el esfuerzo en la mejora de la flexibilidad del generador. La metodología de este trabajo consistió en revisar publicaciones en bases de datos científicas, y reportes con los resultados de aplicación de innovaciones de mercado en otros países, para luego agrupar los mecanismos de acuerdo con si es un nuevo jugador en el mercado, un nuevo producto o diseño de mercado. Entre otros resultados de la investigación, se resalta el gran aumento de publicaciones a partir del año 2020 relacionados con los desafíos a los que se enfrenta los diseños de mercado de energía eléctrica actuales y los cambios deberían implementarse para garantizar mayor integración de fuentes renovables al sistema, asegurar un servicio confiable y sostenible financieramente en el tiempo, en un entorno climático actual con mayor incertidumbre.
Implementación de la estrategia “proyecto investigativo en segunda lengua (PISL)" en el programa de ingeniería civil de la Universidad Simón Bolívar
Authors: Munoz Querales Edgardo Enrique , Cueto Cañas Malka Irina
Published: October 2024

La estrategia denominada “Proyecto Investigativo en Segunda Lengua (PISL)”, se ha implementado en el curso de Formulación y Evaluación de Proyectos del programa de Ingeniería Civil de la Universidad Simón Bolívar, con el objetivo de promover la inmersión y comprensión profunda del lenguaje científico propio de la Ingeniería Civil y la comunicación en una segunda lengua, específicamente el inglés. Esta iniciativa integra dos aspectos fundamentales en la formación universitaria: el desarrollo de habilidades de investigación, de análisis y síntesis; así como, el dominio de una segunda lengua. Para llevar a cabo la estrategia de PISL de manera efectiva, se requiere una organización planifica cada incorporada en los Programas Analíticos del curso- PAC, coordinación entre el profesor, los estudiantes y los recursos institucionales sugeridos para el desarrollo de la estrategia. Es fundamental establecer criterios claros de evaluación que permitan medir el progreso de los estudiantes tanto en el aspecto investigativo como en el lingüístico. Además, se deben proporcionar los recursos necesarios, como bases de datos científicas reconocidas y apoyo lingüístico, para garantizar el éxito de los proyectos. La estrategia PISL tiene como objetivo principal fortalecer las habilidades investigativas de los estudiantes, permitiéndoles plantear y resolver problemas dentro de su área de estudio. Además, promueve la competencia comunicativa en un segundo idioma, lo que no solo aumenta su empleabilidad, sino que también les abre las puertas para participar en actividades científicas de índole internacional, tales como seminarios, ponencias o congresos científicos. Esta combinación de habilidades potenciales no solo beneficia su desarrollo académico, sino que también puede ser fundamental para aquellos que aspiran a emprender y establecer su propia empresa en el campo de la Ingeniería Civil de acuerdo con las tendencias y dinámicas de la profesión en un entorno globalizado. En resumen, la implementación del Proyecto Investigativo en Segunda Lengua en el programa de Ingeniería Civil de la Universidad Simón Bolívar representa una valiosa oportunidad para enriquecer la formación académica de los estudiantes, combinando la investigación en su campo de estudio con el desarrollo de habilidades lingüísticas relevantes para el ámbito profesional.
Stress analysis and detection from wearable devices
Authors: Srikanth S. , Senthamil R. , Sourav Ganguly R.
Published: October 2024

Stress is an elevated psycho-physiological state of the human body, arising in response to a difficult event or stressful situation. Environmental factors that cause pressure are referred to as stressors. Prolonged exposure to multiple stressors simultaneously can adversely affect a person's mental and physical health, potentially leading to chronic health issues. The negative effects of mental stress on human health have been recognized for decades. High levels of stress should be detected early to prevent these adverse effects. While the stress response helps the body overcome challenges and prepare for threats, prolonged stress can harm health. This paper aims to design a basic, cost-effective, low-power smart band for healthcare that detects mental stress based on skin conductance. This band can continuously monitor the user's mental stress and wirelessly transmit stress-related data to the user's smartphone. It not only helps users better understand their stress levels but also provides physicians with reliable data for improved treatment. The inputs to this tool come from various alerts generated by different sensors.
The effectiveness of jaya optimization for energy aware cluster based routing in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Nageswararao Malisetti , Vinay Kumar Pamula
Published: October 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) has significantly impacted human life, enhancing quality of life and transforming various commercial sectors. The sensor nodes in the IoT are interconnected to facilitate the passage of data to the sink node over the network. Due to the constraints of battery power, energy in the nodes is preserved through the utilization of clustering techniques. Choosing a Cluster Head (CH) is crucial for prolonging the network's lifespan and increasing its throughput during the clustering process. Numerous optimization techniques have been developed to select the best Cluster Head (CH) to enhance energy efficiency in network nodes. Therefore, using incorrect CH selection methods leads to longer convergence times and faster depletion of sensor batteries. This research proposes a method that incorporates a CH selection strategy using the Jaya optimization method. The proposed methodology is evaluated against existing algorithms in terms of network longevity and energy efficiency. The simulation results indicate that the Jaya optimization algorithm-based CH selection scheme (Jaya-EEC) is much more effective in terms of network longevity compared to LEACH, LEACH-E, and PSO-C. Specifically, Jaya-EEC outperforms LEACH by 72%, LEACH-E by 64%, and PSO-C by 60%.
A Lane Change Model Considering the Stability of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Platoon Fleet
Authors: Li Shunli , Wang Zengqiang
Published: October 2024

In this article, lane change models for mixed traffic flow under cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) platoon formation are established. The analysis begins by examining the impact of lane changes on traffic flow stability. The influences of various factors such as lane change locations, timing, and the current traffic state on stability are discussed. In this analysis, it is assumed that the lane change location and the entry position in the adjacent lane have already been selected, without considering the specific intention behind the lane change. The speeds of the involved vehicles are adjusted based on an existing lane change model, and various conditions are analyzed for traffic flow disturbances, including duration, shock amplitude, and driving delays. Numerical calculations are provided to illustrate these effects. Additionally, traffic flow stability is factored into the lane change decision-making process. By incorporating disturbances to the fleet into the lane change income model, both a lane change intention model and a lane change execution model are constructed. These models are then compared with a model that does not account for stability, leading to the corresponding conclusions.
Research on Mixed Ownership Reform of State-Owned Enterprises from the Perspective of Marxist Political Economy
Authors: Lu Honghong
Published: October 2024

Under China’s socialist system, state-owned enterprises are key forces driving the economic trajectory and providing strong momentum. These enterprises not only bear the crucial responsibility of advancing the process of national modernization but also serve as the core of the national economic lifeline through their irreplaceable status and function amidst changing times. In the new era, with the advent of the technological revolution and the wave of globalization, state-owned enterprises face unprecedented opportunities and challenges. As a significant aspect of state-owned enterprise reform, the mixed ownership reform is not only a transformation in the structure of enterprise ownership but also a reflection of China’s broader, comprehensive reform efforts. By deeply advancing this reform, it will help optimize the allocation of state-owned assets and significantly boost technological and management innovation within state-owned enterprises, ensuring their competitiveness in the intense market environment. Therefore, this paper will conduct an in-depth analysis of the mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises from the perspective of Marxist political economy.
Research on the Impact and Strategies of Rail Transit Network Integration in the Context of Metropolitan Area Development: A Case Study of the Wuhan Metropolitan Area
Authors: Wang Xiaorong , Li Rong
Published: October 2024

The metropolitan area is one of the key focal points in the construction and development of China’s new urbanization. Urban integration is an emerging trend in metropolitan areas. This paper explores the traffic demand characteristics and economic aspects of rail transit within metropolitan regions and argues that the construction of an integrated urban rail transit network is an effective approach to support their development. Rail transit in metropolitan areas offers both technical and economic advantages, improving the efficiency of time and space resource utilization, fostering economic cooperation, and ultimately contributing to an integrated development model. However, the integration of rail transit networks faces several challenges, including road network planning, technical standards, and operational organization. Using the Wuhan metropolitan area as a case study, this paper analyzes the challenges of rail transit network integration and proposes strategic solutions for development.
Research on Procurement Cost Control Based on Supply Chain Management
Authors: Liu Lixia , Shao Wenting
Published: October 2024

In modern enterprise management, strengthening the control and management of procurement processes can effectively reduce operational costs. However, with the continuous reform and improvement of China’s market economy system, competition among supply chain enterprises has intensified. The traditional procurement management model is no longer able to meet the needs of enterprise development in the current era. As a result, procurement management based on supply chain management has emerged, offering significant improvements in the scientific management of procurement processes. It has become an important means of promoting the long-term development of enterprises. This paper primarily analyzes and studies procurement cost control based on supply chain management, providing insights for reference.
Retrospective, cross-sectional study of the determinants of acute flaccid paralysis among children in Pakistan
Authors: Parvaiz Hina , Khan Afzal , Hussain Saddam
Published: October 2024

Background: Timely diagnosis of acute flaccid paralysis is very crucial in developing countries like Pakistan, because this will have significant impact on management. Aim: To assess the surveillance, aetiology and epidemiology of acute flaccid paralysis in a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan. Methods: This retrospective, observational study was conducted at the Paediatric Department of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, in 2022. Data on all children aged 1 month to 15 years and diagnosed with acute flaccid paralysis were retrieved from the electronic medical records and patient files of the hospital. The data were analysed using SPSS version 27. Results: Eighty-eight (1.34%) of the 6544 patients admitted to the paediatric ward met the inclusion criteria for acute flaccid paralysis; 63 (71.6%) of them were male, 25 (28.4%) female, mean age 6.68 ± 3.86 (mean ±SD) years. Guillain Barre Syndrome was diagnosed in 36 (40.9%) of them, meningoencephalitis in 26 (29.5%), septic arthritis in 6 (6.8%), and hypokalaemia paralysis and cerebrovascular accidents in 5 (5.7%). Three (3.4%) of the patients had post-diphtheria neuropathy and 1 (1.1%) had poliomyelitis. In-hospital mortality was 2.3% (2). Conclusion: Although acute flaccid paralysis is vaccine-preventable and its infectious aetiology is low, its surveillance in Pakistan should be continued to reduce occurrence and progress towards polio eradication.
Development and Validation of a Point Cloud Data Processing Algorithm for Obstacle Recognition in Double Hull Block
Authors: Ha Sol , Ku Namkug
Published: October 2024

Shipyards have recently been experiencing severe labor shortages, prompting increased adoption of production automation systems to mitigate this issue. This paper introduces a point cloud data acquisition and processing system designed to support automation operations within double-hull block environments. The acquisition system utilizes LiDAR sensors and is built as a portable device capable of conducting 360-degree scans inside double-hull blocks. The processing system integrates the RANSAC algorithm for plane recognition and a voxelization algorithm for object detection, enabling accurate identification of obstacles within the double-hull block. To validate the system, a full-scale test bench was constructed to replicate actual working conditions. Experimental results indicated that the system could detect the positions of various obstacles within the test bench with an accuracy of up to 100 mm, which is sufficient for the implementation of automation systems. The findings from this research are expected to facilitate the adoption of production automation in shipyards, enhancing productivity and addressing labor shortages in the industry.
O ensino de Astronomia no Ensino Médio como um Itinerário Formativo
Authors: Voelzke Marcos Rincon , Albrecht Evonir
Published: October 2024

O ensino de Astronomia é recomendado pelos documentos que norteiam a Educação Básica no Brasil: os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN), desde a década de 1990, e atualmente a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). Este trabalho visa analisar a BNCC do Ensino Médio, documento proposto em 2017/2018, no tocante ao ensino de Astronomia. Após a análise, observou-se que o documento não apresenta clareza, especificidade e profundidade dos temas para o trabalho com Astronomia, aspecto que pode prejudicar bastante o fazer docente. Com o intuito de sugerir uma abordagem de trabalho com a Astronomia, pautada nas recomendações dos documentos orientadores, elaborou-se uma sequência de conteúdos para subsidiar a construção de um Itinerário Formativo para a 1ª e 3ª séries do Ensino Médio. Junto aos conteúdos, são apresentados aspectos metodológicos e materiais disponíveis em sites públicos, que podem ser utilizados em sala de aula, como suporte para a prática docente.
Extraction and characterization of essential oils from fresh and dry leaves of Pinus elliottii
Authors: Deo Leonardo Pratvieira , Aguiar Campolina Gabriela , Oliveira Cassia Duarte , Garcia Kassy Jhones , Cardoso Maria das Graças
Published: October 2024

Essential oils are secondary metabolites whose properties have been studied mainly with emphasis on antimicrobial, biological and pharmaceutical fields, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, pest control and insect repellents. Essential oils from fresh and dry leaves of Pinus elliottii were extracted by hydrodistillation, chemically characterized and quantified by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. The plant leaves were collected in a reforested area in the south of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The two main components in both characterized essential oils were Germacrene D and β-Pinene. In the essential oil from fresh foliage, Germacrene D (47.71%) was the majority component, while in the essential oil from dry foliage, β-Pinene (30.06%) was the majority component. Literature data point that essential oils with large amount of Germacrene D may act as antibacterial and repellent agents. Additionally, literature data also support that essential oils with large amount of β-Pinene exhibit several biological properties, similar to the Germacrene D, in addition with a wide range of medicinal and pharmacological activities. Thus, from our results and with literature data, it is possible to elucidate new potential applications to essential oils from fresh and dry leaves of Pinus elliottii.
Determination of rare earth elements in synthetic calcium phosphates by high-resolution continuum source electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Doronina M. S. , Shevchenko A. S. , Ksenofontova T. D. , Baranovskaia V. B.
Published: October 2024

Ceramic, cement and composite biomaterials have been developed based on hydroxyapatites (HA) and tricalcium phosphates (TCP), which are analogous in phase and chemical composition to the mineral component of bone tissue. The crystal structures of HA and TCP are arranged in isomorphic substitutions. Recently, research has focused on the modification of HA and TCP structures with ions of various metals, including rare earth ions (REEs), with the aim of creating materials with a range of beneficial properties for medical applications. REEs are known to have a number of useful properties, including antibacterial, antitumour, catalytic, magnetic and luminescent properties. The replacement of some of the Ca ions in the structures of HA and TCP with REE ions therefore makes it possible to obtain a material with biocompatibility and biological activity, giving it the required properties depending on the REE used and its concentration. In order to achieve the specified properties, it is necessary to control not only the structure (phase composition, lattice parameters of the powders) and the presence of characteristic functional groups, but also the chemical elemental composition. Modifications of hydroxyapatites and tricalcium phosphates containing from one to several different alloying elements are currently being developed. Various analytical methods are used for this purpose, including X-ray, atomic emission and a number of others. This article is devoted to the study of the analytical capabilities of the method of atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization and a continuous spectrum source in relation to the determination of Eu and Yb in hydroxyapatites and tricalcium phosphates. The article considers the optimal conditions and modes of analysis, including temperature-time programs, the use of modifiers, the construction of calibration curves, and other factors that can be adjusted for more precise results. The results demonstrated the possibility of simultaneous determination of both Eu and Yb in the concentration range of 0.09 to 2 wt.%, with a relative standard deviation of less than 6 rel.%.
Degradation of steel 20 during cathodic polarization and hydrogen embrittlement of steam boiler screen pipes during operation
Authors: Shalagaev V. V. , Nechaeva A. V. , Polyanskiy V. A. , Polyanskiy A. M. , Yakovlev Yu. A.
Published: October 2024

The paper examines the differences in the properties of new pipes, pipes artificially saturated with hydrogen and boiler screen pipes after long-term operation. The embrittlement process was studied by observing changes in the microstructural structure, mechanical properties and identifying the mechanism of hydrogen attack on the objects under study. It was discovered that there was no decarbonization characteristic of natural saturation with hydrogen and a decrease in the ultimate tensile strength of artificially saturated pipes. The nature of cracking was also different — transcrystalline with artificial saturation and intercrystalline with natural saturation. At the same time, the nature of the fractures — with areas of hydrogen fragility — and the average concentrations of accumulated hydrogen in pipes artificially hydrogenated and hydrogenated during operation were identical. Significant differences in the physical and mechanical properties of all three types of pipes have been recorded, which makes it impossible to transfer the results obtained with model samples artificially saturated with hydrogen to actually operated objects.
Polymer composite for farm sprayer atomizers: test results
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Slavkina V.E. 
Published: October 2024

The long service life of a farm sprayer depends on the material, the nozzles are made of. To increase the wear resistance of polymer nozzles, dispersed fillers are incorporated into the composite. Composites for agricultural sprayer atomizers should have high chemical resistance to agrochemicals and mechanical strength, as well as low hydro-abrasive wear. In order to select the optimal polymer composite for farm sprayer atomizers, three composites based on polyoxymethylene of MASCON POM 27 brand were produced, in which glass fiber, graphite and silicon carbide with the degree of volume filling 10, 15 and 20% were used as disperse fillers. The polymer composites were tested for 14 weeks for chemical resistance to agrochemicals (herbicide “Lazurit”, fungicide “Rakurs”, insecticide “Borei-Neo”), mechanical strength and hydro-abrasive wear. MASCON POM 27 polyoxymethylene samples served as a reference. The results of mechanical tensile strength tests showed the greatest increase in the strength index at 15% filler content regardless of its type. The strength of the composite with silicon carbide increased by 30.2%, with glass fiber - by 26.8%, with graphite - by 27.4%. It was found that the chemical resistance of composites does not depend on the concentration of agrochemical solution. The experiments on hydro-abrasive wear revealed that graphite and silicon carbide are effective as fillers and can reduce wear up to 7.5 times. It is recommended to use polyoxymethylene with 15% content of silicon carbide for manufacturing farm sprayer atomizers.
Use of ultraviolet for pre-sowing seed treatment
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Kondratyeva N.P.
Published: October 2024

Modern methods of pre-sowing seed treatment disinfect seeds, increase yield and plant resistance to adverse environmental factors, and stimulate plant immunity. Among the methods of electromagnetic impact on bioobjects, irradiation of seeds with ultraviolet light is simple, energy-efficient, economically beneficial and environmentally safe. The research aimed to study the effect of UV irradiation for pre-sowing treatment of thuja seeds and empirically determine the effective dose of UV irradiation. To maintain the required UV irradiation dose, the authors developed a digital control system on ATMEGA128A microcontroller (ATMEL). The working area of a 12 × 12 UV matrix consisting of 200 UV LEDs was 144 cm2 . The distance from the UV LEDs to the irradiated seeds was about 2 cm. The UV dose of the matrix was controlled by monitoring the voltage drop on the NSL-19M51 photoresistors. The irradiance of the LEDs in the UV-A (UV-A) zone corresponded to 98%. In each series, 100 seeds of thuja occidentalis were irradiated; the experiments were repeated four times. The authors studied UV irradiation doses of 2 kJ/m2 , 3 kJ/m2 , and 4 kJ/m2 . Seeds of thuja occidentalis without UV irradiation treatment were used as a control. The effective dose of UV-irradiation of seeds was determined empirically. The determined UV irradiation dose of 2 kJ/m2 is able to increase seed germination energy by 12.8% as compared to the control. Statistical processing of empirical data showed satisfactory accuracy of the conducted experiments. The accuracy index of the experiment amounted to P=1.76%±0.65%, for the control (without UV irradiation) - P=1.33±0.47%.
Electro-ozonization technology of manure effluent treatment: mathematical model implementation
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Normov D.A. 
Published: October 2024

The disposal of animal waste products is especially urgent at large livestock facilities. In order to develop an effective technology of processing animal manure effluents, the authors have developed an effective method of their treatment and designed an experimental installation - a manure effluent treatment station including an electro-ozonizer. Cleaning is carried out in two stages: at the first stage, manure effluent is subjected to separation and flotation to remove large dispersed impurities, at the second stage, liquid fraction is treated with ozone. The technical result is achieved by fine atomization of manure effluents with a droplet diameter from 1.0 to 10.0 microns in the ozone-air mixture at an ozone concentration of 450 to 500 mg/m3 . Calculations based on the developed mathematical model have shown that fine atomization of manure effluents in a chamber with the ozone-air mixture increases the ozone concentration gradient and ozone mass transfer through the interface in 360 times as compared with barbotization of ozone into liquid. This makes it possible to increase significantly the rate of ozone consumption in chemical reactions, increase the efficiency factor, and reduce energy consumption for manure effluent treatment. The experiment was conducted at the pig-breeding farm of LLC “Novye Agrarnye Tekhnologii”, Beysuzhek Vtoroy, the Vyselki district, the Krasnodar region. The results of chemical, organoleptic and microbiological analyses confirm the high efficiency of the developed method and equipment for wastewater treatment of pig farms. The developed electro-ozonization technology and equipment improve the ecological situation on livestock farms by preventing the discharge of harmful emissions of ecologically toxic volatile compounds into the atmosphere.
Educological origins of establishing the value paradigm of modern pedagogy
Authors: Khoruzha L.
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the axiological contexts of developing a modern pedagogy, it considers the educational foundations of implementing this process. The definition of the value paradigms in pedagogy is determined by its transgressive character in the period of change. It is stated that V.O. Ogneviuk`s educological heritage contains the values of sustainable human development of society, which are important for ensuring the functioning of education and pedagogy in today’s conditions: political and legal (democracy, justice); cultural (freedom, creativity, communication, activity); moral (happiness, goodness, duty, responsibility, conscience, dignity, honor); national (statehood, traditions, language). It presents the reasoning of the scientist regarding the creation of a value-oriented environment, which will facilitate the development and formation of these values. The article presents separate results of the students` survey about the formation assessment of leading values at the personal and social levels. Attention is focused on the fact that the origins of the value paradigm of modern pedagogy have an educational basis. This fact enables the integration of all directions of scientific research in the understanding of new theoretical and practical aspects of pedagogy as a sphere of social, civilizational creation of man and society. A conclusion was made regarding strengthening the role of modern pedagogy in its value-oriented dimension at different levels: normative, theoretical, and activitybased.
MODERN STUDIES OF MOTHERHOOD. WHAT DO TRENDS (NOT) SAY?
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Shvetsova Anastasiya V.
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the analysis of the latest English-language publications on maternity research (search depth – three years, scientific base – Researchgate.net). As a result, the main research trends were formulated: the influence of motherhood on the career and level of income, the influence of motherhood on the psychosocial well-being of women, motherhood and digital technologies, single motherhood, motherhood and age characteristics, motherhood and assisted reproductive technologies. The author comes to the conclusion that studies of motherhood have an evolutionary orientation from biological reductionism to understanding the socio-psychological factors of its formation and functioning and are addressed to the mother’s personality. Scientists quickly respond to social changes and phenomena that make adjustments to usual practices (pandemic, digitalization, new technologies, adopted laws, etc.). However, ideology and the desire to meet social and political demands (which can be explained by ignoring some issues and repeating analysis of others, as well as the declared principles of scientific journals) have an important influence on research approaches and the tone of discourse.
THE SOVIET UNION IN THE NARRATIVES OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN MODERN RUSSIA. REASONS AND SOCIAL FOUNDATIONS
Authors:   Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Kozyrev Maksim S.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the work is to determine the reasons and social foundations for using the image of the Soviet Union in the narratives of political parties in modern Russia. The publications of the four largest and oldest parties were taken as the object of analysis. Based on the results of the study, it was found that despite the positioning of party ideologies as irreconcilable and conflicting, nothing of thr kind is in reality. There are different versions of the same narrative, the main elements of which are as follows: the Soviet Union is a continuation of the thousand-year tradition of Russian statehood; October 1917 is an important event in Russian history, but it is not given the status of “beginning of times”; there is an overt or covert conciliatory position; rejection of revolutionary social changes in favor of reformist solutions to societal issues; focusing on the subjective factors of the emergence and disappearance of the USSR. The reason for the convergence of narratives between the ruling and opposition political parties is seen in the similarity of the social positions of their leaders (representatives).
THE IDEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF P.A. KROPOTKIN’S ANARCHO-COMMUNISM FOR THE THEORY OF THE SOCIAL CONTRACT AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR MODERNITY
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Milovanova Marina Yu.
Published: October 2024

The ideas of anarcho-communism by P.A. Kropotkin represent a rich heritage of Russian intellectual thought, relevant and significant for a new understanding of the theory of the social contract. A potential of the anarcho-communism ideas is revealed by the author’s approach: she applies a combination of analysis of a number of Kropotkin’s theoretical positions, the recognition of the uniqueness and exclusivity of the “moral and intellectual qualities” of his personality, the relationship of individual life history and the history of society in the conditions of revolutionary changes. With regard to the significance of the anarcho-communism ideas for the theory of the social contract, answers are given to the tasks of the study – how Kropotkin correlates society and the state, defines the internal determinants for consent in society, which signs (traits) for the characteristics of the social contract are important for the social diagnosis of its effectiveness. Kropotkin’s ideological legacy is an example of an intellectual response to the concrete historical challenges of a crumbling world, which was expressed in the creation of an ideology of anarcho-communism, combining both utopianism and a powerful predictive model of society’s way of life. His ideas of anti-statism, federalism, and the rule of law are in tune with the established modern era of the expansion of human rights, and are important due to the widespread social practices of civil society. Some ideas of Russian thinkers should be taken into account when developing parameters and indicators for the social contract as a necessary and reproducible construct.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PERMAINAN ULAR TANGGA TEMA AYO HEMAT LISTRIK UNTUK MEMFASILITASI KETERAMPILAN KOLABORASI SISWA SMP
Authors: Yuliani Indri , Biru Lulu Tunjung , Resti Vica Dian Aprelia
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini didasari dari rendahnya keterampilan kolaborasi siswa  dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran IPA peserta didik yang belum memaksimalkan aktivitasnya yaitu kurangnya keaktifan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran dan berdiskusi kelompok karena bergantung pada penjelasan guru saja. Berdasarkan analisis masalah maka dikembangkanlah media permainan ular tangga tema ayo hemat listrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kevalidan media permainan ular tangga tema ayo hemat listrik untuk memfasilitasi keterampilan kolaborasi siswa SMP. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode Research Development (RD) dengan menerapkan model pengembangan 4D oleh Thiagarajan, yang hanya mencakup tiga tahap, yaitu definisi, desain, dan pengembangan, dalam uji kevalidan. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk menguji kevalidan yaitu lembar angket validasi ahli dan praktisi. Analisis data secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  nilai secara keseluruhan persentase rata-rata dari ahli materi, ahli media, dan praktisi yaitu sebesar 92,92 % dengan kategori “Sangat Valid”. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa media permainan ular tangga tema ayo hemat listrik dapat dinyatakan sangat valid untuk memfasilitasi keterampilan kolaborasi siswa SMP kelas IX, karena sesuai dengan indikator keterampilan kolaborasi, sehingga media dapat diujicobakan lebih lanjut pada tahap disseminate.
PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF BERBASIS ETNOMATEMATIKA PADA BANGUNAN MASJID AGUNG AL-FALAH DI JAMBI MATERI BANGUN RUANG KELAS V SD
Authors: Wirda Aina , Maryono Maryono , Hayati Suci
Published: October 2024

This research aims to describe the development procedures, level of validity and practicality of ethnomathematics-based interactive multimedia in the Al-Falah Grand Mosque in Jambi building for class V elementary school building materials using the Lumio by SMART application. The approach applied is Research and Development (RD) with the ADDIE development model which includes analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The research results show that the multimedia developed is very valid and practical. Validation by design experts got a score of 4.37 (very valid), material validation got an average score of 4.5 (very valid), validation by media experts got an average score of 4.4 (very valid), and validation by experts language obtained an average score of 4.35 (very valid). The teacher response questionnaire showed an average score of 5 (very practical), while the student response questionnaires in small and large group trials respectively obtained an average score of 4.55 and 4.52 (very valid). In conclusion, this ethnomathematics-based interactive multimedia is very valid and practical for use in class V elementary school classroom learning.
PENGARUH MEDIA KARTU DOMINO TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN HOTS PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Pratama Ria Agustin Setya Sakti , Alyani Fitri
Published: October 2024

This study seeks to prove whether or not there is an influence of domino card media on higher order thinking abilities (HOTS) in Mathematics subjects in class IV elementary school. A quasi-experimental design employing a quantitative method was utilized. A posttest-only non-equivalent control group design was the research design applied. Class IV students, totaling 64, were the sample used in this research, divided into two classes: the experimental class and the control class. The method of data collecting uses saturated sampling. Data collection is carried out through test instruments that include HOTS indicators. Testing shows that there is an influence on students' higher order thinking skills (HOTS) between the control class and the experimental class. According to data analysis, it is proven that there is an influence of the implementation of domino cards on HOTS abilities in fourth grade elementary school mathematics lessons.
ANALISIS LITERASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMP DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL ALJABAR BERORIENTASI AKM NUMERASI DITINJAU DARI GAYA KOGNITIF
Authors: Qolbiyah Rosiatul , Sari Christina Kartika
Published: October 2024

The aims in this research is to identify the mathematical literacy skill of student based on cognitive style, specifically field independent (FI) and field dependent (FD), in solving AKM numeracy oriented problems in algebra content on SPLDV material. Descriptive qualitative are applied as the method with data collected through written test, interview, and documentation, validated using triangulation technique. The study use three main stages in data analysis: reducing data, presenting data, and make conclusion. The findings show that field independent student excel in various mathematical literacy indicator compared to field dependent students, including communications skill, devising strategies for solving problems, reasoning and argument, using symbolic, operations, technical language and formal language. However, field independent student still face challenges in mathematization and representation, especially in non-routine problems. Meanwhile, field dependent student have advantages in mathematical literacy indicators such as communications skill, reasoning and argument, using symbolic, operations technical language and formal language, thus requiring more assistance and explanations to achieve the same result as field independent students.