bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic variation, functional traits repeatability and core collection inference in Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach & Thonn.) Daniell reveals the Dahomey Gap as a centre of diversity
Authors: Tchokponhoué Dèdéou A. , Achigan-Dako Enoch G. , N’Danikou Sognigbé , Nyadanu Daniel , Kahane Rémi , Houéto Jacob , Fassinou Hotegni Nicodème V. , Odindo Alfred O. , Sibiya Julia
Published: November 2020

The miracle plantSynsepalum dulcificumis a multipurpose natural sweetener and a promising West African orphan fruit shrub candidate for genetic improvement. Unfortunately, basic knowledge such as phenotypic variation and inheritance estimates required for implementing a breeding program are still lacking. A set of 203 accessions were sampled in two habitats from seven populations spread across the Dahomey Gap (DG) and the Upper Guinea forest (UG) in West Africa. The phenotypic diversity and allometric relationships among functional traits were analysed; the broad-sense heritability was estimated for fruit-traits, and a mini-core collection was developed in the species. Quantitative variation in tree- and fruit-traits was recorded, and multivariate analyses were performed to assess relationships among accessions, whereas heritability was estimated using the coefficient of repeatability. Tree-traits observed inS. dulcificumwere more variable than fruit-traits. While habitat-type only affected tree-traits, the provenance population significantly affected both fruit- and tree-traits, with the UG populations outperforming the DG ones. Significant correlations were observed among fruit-traits on one hand, and among tree-traits on the other hand, whereas poor correlations were observed between tree- and fruit-traits. The multivariate analysis grouped accessions in three clusters. Promising individuals for high fruit mass and pulp-dense genotypes’ selection were identified within clusters. Repeatability estimates for fruit-traits ranged from 0.015 (edible ratio) to 0.88 (fruit mass). The Core Hunter algorithm enabled the extraction of 41 individuals as robust representatives of the initial set of 203 accessions, and the mapping of this core collection suggested Dahomey Gap as a centre of diversity of the species. These original findings offer opportunities, not only for the genetic improvement ofS. dulcificum,but also for targeted ex-situ conservation in the species.
Memory-driven capture occurs for individual features of an object
Authors: Sasin Edyta , Fougnie Daryl
Published: November 2020

Items held in working memory (WM) capture attention (memory-driven capture). People can selectively prioritize specific object features in WM. Here, we examined whether feature-specific prioritization within WM modulates memory-driven capture. In Experiment 1, after remembering the color and orientation of a triangle, participants were instructed, via retro-cue, whether the color, the orientation, or both features were relevant. To measure capture, we asked participants to execute a subsequent search task, and we compared performance in displays that did and did not contain the memory-matching feature. Color attracted attention only when it was relevant. No capture by orientation was found. In Experiment 2, we presented the retro-cue at one of the four locations of the search display to direct attention to specific objects. We found capture by color and this capture was larger when it was indicated as relevant. Crucially, orientation also attracted attention, but only when it was relevant. These findings provide evidence for reciprocal interaction between internal prioritization and external attention on the features level. Specifically, internal feature-specific prioritization modulates memory-driven capture but this capture also depends on the salience of the features.
Compositional cyber-physical epidemiology of COVID-19
Authors: Ro Jin Woo , Allen Nathan , Ai Weiwei , Prasad Debi , Roop Partha S.
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges globally. Countries have adopted different strategies with varying degrees of success. Epidemiologists are studying the impact of government actions using scenario analysis. However, the interactions between the government policy and the disease dynamics are not formally captured. We, for the first time, formally study the interaction between the disease dynamics, which is modelled as a physical process, and the government policy, which is modelled as the adjoining controller. Our approach enables compositionality, where either the plant or the controller could be replaced by an alternative model. Our work is inspired by the engineering approach for the design of Cyber-Physical Systems. Consequently, we term the new framework Compositional Cyber-Physical Epidemiology. We created different classes of controllers and applied these to control the disease in New Zealand and Italy. Our controllers closely follow government decisions based on their published data. We not only reproduce the pandemic progression faithfully in New Zealand and Italy but also show the tradeoffs produced by differing control actions.
Influences of water chemical property on infiltration into mixed soil consisting of feldspathic sandstone and aeolian sandy soil
Authors: Zhang Ruiqing , Sun Zenghui , Li Gang , Wang Huanyuan , Cheng Jie , Hao Mingde
Published: November 2020

Water infiltration into the soil profile are related to the condition of the soil texture, soil bulk density, and water intensity, it is also affected by the physicochemical properties of the water. In this study, we tested the effect of two different chemical properties of water (groundwater for irrigation and naturally accumulated water) on water infiltration in seven different mixed soil consisting of different ratios of feldspathic sandstone and aeolian sandy soil (1:0, 5:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, 0:1) through laboratory soil column testing. Our results show that when the textures of the mixed soils are silty loam and sandy loam (ratios of feldspathic sandstone to aeolian sandy soil 1:0, 5:1, 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2), the infiltration time of the naturally accumulated water is significantly longer than the infiltration time of the groundwater for irrigation. When the mixed soil texture is loamy sand and sand (the ratio of feldspathic sandstone to sandy soil is 1:5 and 0:1), there was no significant difference in the infiltration time of the naturally accumulated water and of the groundwater for irrigation. Using water with the same chemical properties, the infiltration time in different ratios of mixed soil decreases from 1:0, 5:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, to 0:1. Using the same feldspathic sandstone to aeolian sandy soil ratio, the cumulative infiltration using naturally accumulated water is greater than that using groundwater for irrigation, and the difference in cumulative infiltration is greatest when the ratio of feldspathic sandstone to sandy soil is 2:1. The relationship between the cumulative infiltration and elapsed time is consistent with the Logarithmic model. The changes in wetting front migration distance are consistent with the changes in the cumulative infiltration. The infiltration characteristics of water in the mixed soil are affected by a combination of water chemical property and soil texture.
Detritivore conversion of litter into faeces accelerates organic matter turnover
Authors: Joly François-Xavier , Coq Sylvain , Coulis Mathieu , David Jean-François , Hättenschwiler Stephan , Mueller Carsten W. , Prater Isabel , Subke Jens-Arne
Published: November 2020

Litter-feeding soil animals are notoriously neglected in conceptual and mechanistic biogeochemical models. Yet, they may be a dominant factor in decomposition by converting large amounts of plant litter into faeces. Here, we assess how the chemical and physical changes occurring when litter is converted into faeces alter their fate during further decomposition with an experimental test including 36 combinations of phylogenetically distant detritivores and leaf litter of contrasting physicochemical characteristics. We show that, across litter and detritivore species, litter conversion into detritivore faeces enhanced organic matter lability and thereby accelerated carbon cycling. Notably, the positive conversion effect on faeces quality and decomposition increased with decreasing quality and decomposition of intact litter. This general pattern was consistent across detritivores as different as snails and woodlice, and reduced differences in quality and decomposition amongst litter species. Our data show that litter conversion into detritivore faeces has far-reaching consequences for the understanding and modelling of the terrestrial carbon cycle.
Nanoenzymes in disease diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Yu Zhengze , Lou Ruxin , Pan Wei , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: November 2020

This feature article highlights various nanoenzymes and their bio-applications in disease diagnosis and therapy. Current challenges and future trends of nanoenzymes are also discussed.
Aqueous solution processed MoS3 as an eco-friendly hole-transport layer for all-inorganic Sb2Se3 solar cells
Authors: Ma Yuyuan , Yin Yiwei , Li Gang , Lian Weitao , Zhang Jianwang , Tang Rongfeng , Ju Huanxin , Chen Tao
Published: November 2020

An eco-friendly hole-transport material MoS3 was developed to build n–i–p structured Sb2Se3 solar cells, resulting in a significant efficiency improvement.
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis using aliphatic aldehydes
Authors: Barik Shilpa , Biju Akkattu T.
Published: November 2020

Recent advances are presented in NHC catalysis employing aliphatic aldehydes as substrates for the generation of various carbene-bound intermediates and subsequent interception with electrophiles/nucleophiles.
Effect of densification technique and carrier concentration on the thermoelectric properties of n-type Cu1.45Ni1.45Te2 ternary compound
Authors: Kavirajan S. , Archana J. , Harish S. , Navaneethan M. , Ponnusamy S. , Hayakawa K. , Kubota Y. , Shimomura M. , Hayakawa Y.
Published: November 2020

Cu1.45Ni1.45Te2 ternary compound was synthesized by solid-state ball-milling method and densified via spark plasma sintering (SPS) and cold-pressing with annealing (CPA) techniques.
Substitution effect on the nonradiative decay andtrans→cisphotoisomerization route: a guideline to develop efficient cinnamate-based sunscreens
Authors: Kinoshita Shin-nosuke , Harabuchi Yu , Inokuchi Yoshiya , Maeda Satoshi , Ehara Masahiro , Yamazaki Kaoru , Ebata Takayuki
Published: November 2020

Para-substituted cinnamates are promising sunscreen reagents. They undergo efficient multistep nonradiative decayviathe1nπ* (and/or3nπ*) and3ππ* states and finallytrans→cisphotoisomerization.Para-substitution stabilizes π orbitals and enhances the photoisomerization.
Unimolecular decomposition of acetyl peroxy radical: a potential source of tropospheric ketene
Authors: Sandhiya L. , Senthilkumar K.
Published: November 2020

The unimolecular dissociation of acetyl peroxy radical leads to ketene and HO2 in the troposphere via a red-light driven process.
Visible-to-ultraviolet (<340 nm) photon upconversion by triplet–triplet annihilation in solvents
Authors: Murakami Yoichi , Motooka Ayumu , Enomoto Riku , Niimi Kazuki , Kaiho Atsushi , Kiyoyanagi Noriko
Published: November 2020

Visible-to-UV upconversion shorter than 340 nm was achieved in organic solvents and the solvent dependent efficiency and photostability were elucidated.
Ultrafast spectroscopy on water-processable PCBM: rod–coil block copolymer nanoparticles
Authors: Ganzer Lucia , Zappia Stefania , Russo Mattia , Ferretti Anna Maria , Vohra Varun , Diterlizzi Marianna , Antognazza Maria Rosa , Destri Silvia , Virgili Tersilla
Published: November 2020

Using ultrafast spectroscopy, we investigate the photophysics of water-processable nanoparticles composed of a block copolymer electron donor and a fullerene derivative electron acceptor.
Photocatalytic methods for amino acid modification
Authors: King Thomas A. , Mandrup Kandemir Jiyan , Walsh Stephen J. , Spring David R.
Published: November 2020

This tutorial review introduces photocatalysis for amino acid modification and summarises recent advances in the field.
Covalent organic framework-based materials for energy applications
Authors: Wang De-Gao , Qiu Tianjie , Guo Wenhan , Liang Zibin , Tabassum Hassina , Xia Dingguo , Zou Ruqiang
Published: November 2020

The recent progress in the synthesis and energy applications of the covalent organic frameworks has been elaborated in this review article.
Purification of Kraft cellulose under mild conditions using choline acetate based deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Colombo Dugoni Greta , Mezzetta Andrea , Guazzelli Lorenzo , Chiappe Cinzia , Ferro Monica , Mele Andrea
Published: November 2020

Novel choline acetate based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) solubilize hemicellulose up to 45 wt% at 80 °C. A PoC test on Kraft cellulose illustrates the cellulose/hemicellulose separation.
A photoactive copper iodide phosphine-based coordination polymer
Authors: Benito Quentin , Desboeufs Nicolas , Fargues Alexandre , Garcia Alain , Massuyeau Florian , Martineau-Corcos Charlotte , Devic Thomas , Perruchas Sandrine
Published: November 2020

Coordination of the polymetallic [Cu4I4] center by phenyl-based-diphosphine ligands results in a coordination polymer exhibiting luminescence thermochromic properties.
Convenient synthesis of carbon nanodots for detecting Cr(vi) and ascorbic acid by fluorimetry
Authors: Wang Dongxiu , Zhang Lin , Li Pengxia , Li Junfen , Dong Chuan
Published: November 2020

Carbon nanodots (CDs) were simply synthesized from Sophora flavescens Ait. “On–off–on” fluorescent probes for the sensitive and selective detections of Cr(iv) and ascorbic acid (AA) were founded and well applied in real samples.
Dynamics of anion exchange in cesium lead halide (CsPbX3) perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Sheng Yuhang , Zhao Aiqing , Yuan Songyan , Liu Cihui , Zhang Xiaowei , Di Yunsong , Gan Zhixing
Published: November 2020

By investigating in situ PL spectra, the anion exchange of perovskite nanocrystals is divided into three stages, i.e. photon reabsorption process, initial anion exchange, and adequate anion exchange.
Overview of micro/nano-wind energy harvesters and sensors
Authors: Fu Xianpeng , Bu Tianzhao , Li Chenglin , Liu Guoxu , Zhang Chi
Published: November 2020

Wind energy has attracted more and more attention among researchers in both energy harvesting and sensing fields. Here, the micro/nano wind energy harvesters and sensors are systematically reviewed and prospected.
Antimicrobial carbon nanodots: photodynamic inactivation and dark antimicrobial effects on bacteria by brominated carbon nanodots
Authors: Knoblauch Rachael , Harvey Amanda , Ra Estelle , Greenberg Ken M. , Lau Judy , Hawkins Elizabeth , Geddes Chris D.
Published: November 2020

Light-responsive antimicrobial activity is achieved from tuning carbon nanodot structures via bromination, a direct result of the heavy atom effect.
Tuning phenoxyl-substituted diketopyrrolopyrroles from quinoidal to biradical ground states through (hetero-)aromatic linkers
Authors: Rausch Rodger , Röhr Merle I. S. , Schmidt David , Krummenacher Ivo , Braunschweig Holger , Würthner Frank
Published: November 2020

By variation of spacer aromaticity, a spin crossover from thienylene/furylene-linked quinones DPP2q/DPP3q to phenylene-bridged biradical DPP1˙˙ (y0 = 0.75) with a singlet open shell ground state (ΔEST = 19 meV) was achieved.
Cyclization of interlocked fumaramides into β-lactams: experimental and computational mechanistic assessment of the key intercomponent proton transfer and the stereocontrolling active pocket
Authors: Martinez-Cuezva Alberto , Pastor Aurelia , Marin-Luna Marta , Diaz-Marin Carmen , Bautista Delia , Alajarin Mateo , Berna Jose
Published: November 2020

A mechanistic study of the diastereoselective cyclization of interlocked fumaramides to give β-lactams unveils the key factors for successfully taming the process.
Translesion synthesis of the major nitrogen mustard-induced DNA lesion by human DNA polymerase η
Authors: Jung Hunmin , Rayala Naveen Kumar , Lee Seongmin
Published: November 2020

Nitrogen mustards are among the first modern anticancer chemotherapeutics that are still widely used as non-specific anticancer alkylating agents. While the mechanism of action of mustard drugs involves the generation of DNA interstrand cross-links, the predominant lesions produced by these drugs are nitrogen half-mustard-N7-dG (NHMG) adducts. The bulky major groove lesion NHMG, if left unrepaired, can be bypassed by translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases. However, studies of the TLS past NHMG have not been reported so far. Here, we present the first synthesis of an oligonucleotide containing a site-specific NHMG. We also report kinetic and structural characterization of human DNA polymerase η (polη) bypassing NHMG. The templating NHMG slows dCTP incorporation ∼130-fold, while it increases the misincorporation frequency ∼10–30-fold, highlighting the promutagenic nature of NHMG. A crystal structure of polη incorporating dCTP opposite NHMG shows a Watson–Crick NHMG:dCTP base pair with a large propeller twist angle. The nitrogen half-mustard moiety fits snugly into an open cleft created by the Arg61–Trp64 loop of polη, suggesting a role of the Arg61–Trp64 loop in accommodating bulky major groove adducts during lesion bypass. Overall, our results presented here to provide first insights into the TLS of the major DNA adduct formed by nitrogen mustard drugs.
Crystal structures of ORFV125 provide insight into orf virus-mediated inhibition of apoptosis
Authors: Suraweera Chathura D. , Hinds Mark G. , Kvansakul Marc
Published: November 2020

Premature apoptosis of cells is a strategy utilized by multicellular organisms to counter microbial threats. Orf virus (ORFV) is a large double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the poxviridae. ORFV encodes for an apoptosis inhibitory protein ORFV125 homologous to B-cell lymphoma 2 or Bcl-2 family proteins, which has been shown to inhibit host cell encoded pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. However, the structural basis of apoptosis inhibition by ORFV125 remains to be clarified. We show that ORFV125 is able to bind to a range of peptides spanning the BH3 motif of human pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins including Bax, Bak, Puma and Hrk with modest to weak affinity. We then determined the crystal structures of ORFV125 alone as well as bound to the highest affinity ligand Bax BH3 motif. ORFV125 adopts a globular Bcl-2 fold comprising 7 α-helices, and utilizes the canonical Bcl-2 binding groove to engage pro-apoptotic host cell Bcl-2 proteins. In contrast with a previously predicted structure, ORFV125 adopts a domain-swapped dimeric topology, where the α1 helix from one protomer is swapped into a neighbouring unit. Furthermore, ORFV125 differs from the conserved architecture of the Bcl-2 binding groove and instead of α3 helix forming one of the binding groove walls, ORFV125 utilizes an extended α2 helix that comprises the equivalent region of helix α3. This results in a subtle variation of previously observed dimeric Bcl-2 architectures in other poxvirus and human encoded Bcl-2 proteins. Overall, our results provide a structural and mechanistic basis for orf virus-mediated inhibition of host cell apoptosis.
Long‐range millimetre wave wireless links enabled by travelling wave tubes and resonant tunnelling diodes
Authors: Paoloni Claudio , Basu Rupa , Billa Laxma R. , Rao Jeevan M. , Letizia Rosa , Ni Qiang , Wasige Edward , Al‐Khalidi Abdullah , Wang Jue , Morariu Razvan
Published: November 2020

High data rate wireless links are an affordable and easily deployable solution to replace or complement fibre. The wide frequency band available at millimetre waves above 100 GHz can support multi‐gigabit per second data rate. However, the high attenuation due to rain and humidity poses a substantial obstacle to long‐range links. This study describes a wireless system being developed for point‐to‐point links at D‐band (DLINK), above 150 GHz, to enable a full fibre‐on‐air link with more than 1 km range and unprecedented data rate up to 45 Gb/s. The upper end of the D‐band spectrum is used (151.5–174.8 GHz) in full frequency division duplex transmission. The DLINK system consists of a transmitter using a directly modulated resonant tunnelling diode oscillator powered by novel travelling wave tubes. The performance and the small footprint of the front end will make the DLINK system highly competitive to the point‐to‐point links presently available in the market at frequencies below 100 GHz. The innovative approach and the design are oriented to large‐scale productions to satisfy the high data traffic demand of the new 5G infrastructure.
Low sidelobe level circularly polarised monopulse slot waveguide antenna array for Ka‐band application
Authors: Wang Ankang , Li Xi , Zhao Jiawei , Yi XiangJie , Yang Lin , Zhang Yu
Published: November 2020

A circularly polarised (CP) monopulse waveguide antenna array for Ka‐band wireless communication is proposed. The antenna structure can be divided into six layers from top to bottom, including radiating layer, aperture layer, cavity layer, aperture layer, feeding layer and monopulse comparator. The upper radiating layer allows two transmission modes of the transverse electric (TE) wave and the transverse magnetic (TM) wave to pass through. The 90° phase difference can be obtained by adjusting the horizontal and vertical angles of the horn radiator, which realises the CP radiation pattern. Besides, the 0° or180° phase difference produced by the monopulse comparator enables the antenna to obtain a monopulse radiation mode. In order to obtain the low sidelobe characteristics, the coupling parameters of the coupling layer are weighted by the Taylor distribution. The overall size of the antenna is 194 × 25 × 31 mm3. The slot waveguide antenna is fabricated and measured to validate the proposed design. The measured results show that the monopulse system can achieve an impedance bandwidth of 3.7% (34.5–35.8 GHz) in the Ka‐band at the centre frequency of 35 GHz. The sum‐pattern maximum gain and radiation efficiency are 23.3 dBic and 75% at 35 GHz, and the gain of the whole bandwidth is >20 dBic. The axial ratio and the sidelobe level is less than 1.2 and −28 dB, respectively. The difference‐pattern amplitude imbalance is <0.2 dB and the null‐depth lower than −30 dB. Also, the isolation is better than 30 dB. Besides, the pure metal structure of waveguide has incomparable advantages in a harsh environment.
Heavy-elements heritage of the falling sky
Authors: Recio-Blanco Alejandra , Fernández-Alvar Emma , de Laverny Patrick , Antoja Teresa , Helmi Amina , Crida Aurélien
Published: November 2020

Context. A fundamental element of galaxy formation is the accretion of mass through mergers of satellites or gas. Recent dynamical analyses based on Gaia data have revealed major accretion events in the history of the Milky Way. Nevertheless, our understanding of the primordial Galaxy is hindered because the bona fide identification of the most metal-poor and correspondingly oldest accreted stars remains challenging.

Aims. Galactic archaeology needs a new accretion diagnostic to understand primordial stellar populations. Contrary to α-elements, neutron-capture elements present unexplained large abundance spreads for low-metallicity stars, which could result from a mixture of formation sites.

Methods. We analysed the abundances of yttrium, europium, magnesium, and iron in Milky Way satellite galaxies, field halo stars, and globular clusters. The chemical information was complemented by orbital parameters based on Gaia data. In particular, we considered the average inclination of the orbits.

Results. The [Y/Eu] abundance behaviour with respect to the [Mg/Fe] turnovers for satellite galaxies of various masses reveals that higher-luminosity systems, for which the [Mg/Fe] abundance declines at higher metallicities, present enhanced [Y/Eu] abundances, particularly in the [Fe/H] regime between −2.25 dex and −1.25 dex. In addition, the analysis has uncovered a chemo-dynamical correlation for both globular clusters and field stars of the Galactic halo, accounting for about half of the [Y/Eu] abundance spread. In particular, [Y/Eu] under-abundances typical of protracted chemical evolutions are preferentially observed in polar-like orbits, pointing to a possible anisotropy in the accretion processes.

Conclusions. Our results strongly suggest that the observed [Y/Eu] abundance spread in the Milky Way halo could result from a mixture of systems with different masses. They also highlight that both nature and nurture are relevant to the formation of the Milky Way since its primordial epochs, thereby opening new pathways for chemical diagnostics of the build-up of our Galaxy.
Formation Conditions and Exploration Directions of Large Cretaceous Sub-salt Oil and Gas Reservoirs in Santos Basin
Authors: Jin KunQiang , Zhang Yunfeng
Published: November 2020

The rich oil and gas resources and good reservoir-forming conditions in the Santos Basin in Brazil make it a majorstrategic succession area for oil and gas exploration in the Santos Basin. The sub-salt bio-reservoir-cap configuration in the SantosBasin can be divided into two types: bio-reservoir-cap superposition and bio-reservoir superposition; the preservation conditions canbe divided into cap-slip-off extension deformation type, and the cap-layer is strongly extruded Deformation type, 3 types of capping stable extrusion deformation type; reservoir formation zone can be divided into 2 types: subsalt raw salt storage and subsalt raw salt storage. The high area outside the Santos Basin in the sub-salt source-salt storage zone is a favorable exploration direction for finding large oil and gas areas under the salt in the Santos Basin.
Study on Geochemical Characteristics of tight sandstone gas accumulation in Linxing area
Authors: Li Yangbing , Hu Weiqiang , Chen Xin , Ma Litao , Liu Cheng , Wang Duo
Published: November 2020

Based on the comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of tight sandstone gas composition, carbon isotope, light hydrocarbons and source rocks in Linxing area of Ordos Basin, the reservoir-forming model of tight sandstone gas in this area is discussed. The study shows that methane is the main component of tight sandstone gas, with low contents of heavy hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons, mainly belonging to dry gas in the Upper Paleozoic in Linxing area. The values of δ13C1, δ13C2 and δ13C3 of natural gas are in the ranges of -45.6‰ ~ -32.9‰, -28.9‰ ~ -22.3‰ and -26.2‰~ -19.1‰, respectively. The carbon isotopic values of alkane gas show a general trend of positive carbon sequence. δ13C1 value is less than -30‰, with typical characteristics of organic genesis. There is a certain similarity in the composition characteristics of light hydrocarbons. The C7 series show the advantage of methylhexane, while the C5-7 series mainly shows the advantage of isoalkane. The tight sandstone gas in this area is mainly composed of mature coal-derived gas, containing a small amount of coal-derived gas and oil-type gas mixture. According to the mode of hydrocarbon generation, diffusion and migration of source rocks in Linxing area, the tight sandstone gas in the study area can be divided into three types of reservoir-forming assemblages: the upper reservoir type of the far-source type (upper Shihezi formation-shiqianfeng formation sandstone reservoir-forming away from source rocks), the upper reservoir type of the near-source type ( the Lower Shihezi formation sandstone reservoir-outside the source rock), and the self-storage type of the source type (Shanxi formation-Taiyuan formation source rock internal sand reservoir).
Geochemical characteristics and genesis of coalbed methane in Baode area on the eastern margin of Ordos Basin
Authors: Hu Weiqiang , Chen Xin , Li Yangbing , Ma Litao , Yuesheng Wang , Liu Cheng , Li Panpan , Huang Ying , Qiao Fang , Liu Zaizhen , Li Chenchen , Li Anlan , Wang Duo
Published: November 2020

The degree of coalbed methane exploration and development now in Baode area is relatively low. The lack of systematic understanding of the formation of coalbed methane in this area restricts the further exploration and development of coalbed methane. Based on the comprehensive study on the geochemical characteristics of coalbed methane components, hydrocarbon isotopes, water quality detection and hydrogen oxygen isotopes in coal seam in Baode area, the origin of coalbed methane in this area is discussed. According to the research, the hydrocarbon gas in the composition of coalbed methane in Baode area is mainly CH4 and a small amount of ethane. Both of their drying coefficients are more than 0.99, so they belong to the extremely dry coal bed methane. The value of δ13C(CH4) coalbed methane is on the low side and the value of δ13C(CO2) is on the high side, the mean value of δD(CH4) is -247.5‰, which shows the characteristics of terrestrial biogas. The water produced by coal seam is weak alkaline and belongs to the NaHCO3 type of water. which is similar to the surface water ion composition, salinity , δD(H2O) and δ18O(H2O) values, indicating that the hydrodynamic conditions of the coal seam in this area are more active. There is a recharge of external water, which is benificial to the mass reproduction of CH4 producing bacteria and the formation of biogas. In this area, the coalbed methane is a mixture of thermogenic and biological genesis, mainly composed of thermogenic gases and supplemented by biogenic gases generated through carbon dioxide reduction.
Spatiotemporal Symmetry and Trend Assessment of Ms≥7.0 Earthquakes in the Sichuan-Yunnan Region of China
Authors: Wan Jia , Yan Junping , Yan Xiaomeng
Published: November 2020

Commensurability information, a butterfly diagram and a commensurability structure system were used to analyse the spatiotemporal symmetry and to assess the trends of Ms≥7.0 earthquakes in the Sichuan-Yunnan region of China. The results show that the next earthquake may occur in 2020 or 2021, as seismic signals are strong. Analysing the characteristics of epicentre spatial migration, there is a significant synchrony and symmetry between the latitudinal and longitudinal epicentre migrations. The symmetry axis is 30°N in latitude and 101.5°E in longitude. There is a northeast–southwest strike symmetry axis, and the next epicentre may migrate toward the southwest (i.e., south of 30°N and west of 101.5°E); the calculated strike symmetry axis is Y=3.5X-329. By grouping earthquake disaster events, the spatial migration pathways of the epicentres regularly exhibit jump-migration and sequential-migration. The migration distributions over the symmetry axis quadrants are ‘uniform-discrete’ and ‘concentrated-dispersion’.
Prospect of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in sustainable landscape plants
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Qiu Jiang
Published: November 2020

Plant breeding is one of the manifestations of sustainable landscape regeneration. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a new type of genome-directed editing technology modified from the acquired immune defense response in bacteria and archaea. Due to its efficiency and multi-function, it is widely used in animals, plants, microorganisms and other fields. In sustainable plant landscape, the system makes the gene mutate to improve plant varieties, morphological characteristics, and flowering dates, which can increase the variety of landscape. This article discusses the general situation of CRISPR/Cas9 technology and the progress of plant application, summarizing the problems and countermeasures, and looking forward to the application of sustainable landscape plants. Landscape plants are genetically complex. CRISPR/Cas9 technology can improve plants without genome references and cultivate new ornamental varieties, which can accelerate the breeding process of sustainable landscape plants.
Research progress of monitoring technology of ship-source air pollutants in china emission control area
Authors: Tianyu Mao , Yajuan Li , Fang Chang
Published: November 2020

I After the implementation of ship emissions control area, the urgent need for the practical monitoring technology. This paper comprehensively studies the international and domestic cases of ship emission control monitoring: The following methods are used: direct collection of fuel oil samples for analysis, collection of ship exhaust samples and analysis, remote sensing observation of ship exhaust and analysis, as well as the use of fixed-point monitoring station system to monitor air quality. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is used to analyze the fuel sulfur content directly, and the carbon balance method can be used to calculate the fuel oil content,. The fixed position monitoring system is a comprehensive monitoring method, which can effectively observe the influence of the emission of the ship exhaust on air quality, and evaluate the effect of the control area. Afterwards, the application should also be concerned about the effects of various methods of comparison, alternative measures and focus on the effect of tail gas treatment facilities assessment, enhanced port area environmental monitoring networks.
Estimation of Organic Pollution of the Jinyaoshi Lake Based on the Diatom Assemblage of the Lake Sediments
Authors: Fang Jing , Liu Yufei , Wang Tianjiao , Yan Xia , Shuo Yang , Zhang Liping , Qu Yinghui
Published: November 2020

From 2015 to 2019, samples of surface mud from the bottom of the artificial lake in Tianjin Normal University were collected for diatom analysis and identification in May and June. 1296 diatoms were identified and divided into 25 species. DAIpo (Diatom Assemblage Index to organic water pollution) was calculated: 56 in 2015, 76 in 2017, 58 in 2018 and 63 in 2019. In 2017, it was β-oligosaprobic, and in 2015, 2018 and 2019, it belonged to α-oligosaprobic. The Jinyaoshi Lake is an artificial lake where groundwater is exposed by artificial excavation, and its water source mainly comes from groundwater, then by precipitation. It shows that the pollution degree of the Jinyaoshi Lake was not serious since 2015, and its pollution level was α or β-oligosaprobic.
Effects of Chelated Iron on Roots under Different Mulching Materials on Fruit Quality of Huangguogan
Authors: Chen Zhaofang , Wen Liting , Yang Liancong , Yang Youting , Tan Liping , Wang Xiaojia , Huang Shengjia , Qiu Xia , Xiong Bo , Deng Honghong , Liao Ling , Sun Guochao , Wang Zhihui
Published: November 2020

In this experiment, Huangguogan in Shimian County was selected as the experimental material, and the effects of different treatments on the fruit quality of Huangguogan were studied by mulching treatments with black film, straw, horticultural cloth and river sand. The results of this study showed that the application of chelated iron to the roots under different mulching materials could significantly improve the fruit quality, and the application of chelated iron to the roots under different mulching materials had different effects on fruit quality. The river sand mulching treatment had the highest single fruit weight, vertical and horizontal diameters, while CK had the lowest one. The four mulching treatments all increased the contents of total soluble solids, soluble sugar and sucrose. The river sand mulching treatment had the highest contents, which were 13.96%, 13.09 and 6.93 g.100 mL-1, respectively. There were significant differences in the titratable acid, vitamins C and sugar-acid ratio between the different mulching treatments, and the river sand mulching treatment had the highest effect. In general, the river sand mulching treatment had the best effect on promoting fruit quality, and plastic film mulching treatment had the worst effect.
Study on frost resistance and abrasion resistance of fiber mesh reinforced concrete
Authors: Hu Cheng , Weng Xingzhong , Yan Xiangcheng , Liu Pengcheng , Guo Tianxiong
Published: November 2020

The frost resistance and abrasion resistance of the fiber mesh reinforced concrete under the simulated treatment of external environment were studied through the frost resistance test and abrasion test. The relative dynamic modulus, the amount of spalling per unit area, the amount of abrasion per unit area and abrasion depth were used as evaluation indexes. The result shows that the frost resistance and abrasion resistance of concrete can be enhanced by fiber mesh. For the frost resistance, enhancement effect of carbon fiber mesh is better than that of basalt fiber mesh, and better than that of aramid fiber mesh. For the abrasion resistance, enhancement effect of aramid fiber mesh is better than that of basalt fiber mesh, and better than that of carbon fiber mesh. On the whole, the frost resistance and abrasion resistance of basalt fiber mesh reinforced concrete are better. Therefore, basalt fiber mesh is recommended to strengthen the frost resistance and abrasion resistance of concrete in engineering practice.
Edge Effect Analysis on orthogonal cutting the Plastic Metal Material-C10100 with Negative Rake Angle Tool
Authors: Ding Yanchun , Shi Guangfeng
Published: November 2020

With the rapid development of the precision grinding and micro-cutting technology, scholars have become more and more interested in the forming mechanism and related characteristics of the rounded-edge tool and the negative rake angle tool. Based on DEFORM-2D forming software, this paper investigates the edge effect of the negative rake angle tool in micro-cutting condition. Through the simulation comparison analysis, it is clear that three deformation regions appear in front of the tool surface, namely the first shear-slip region, the second tool-material contact friction region and the third edge effect deformation region when the negative rake tool cuts the plastic metal material-C10100 with a large edge radius. And a triangle stagnant region appears in front of the tool surface due to the edge effect. By analysing the influence of the ratio of the edge radius to the cutting thickness on the mechanism of orthogonal cutting of negative rake tools, it is found that the minimum cutting thickness value is between
Effect of acetylene content in working gas on microstructure and thermal stability of DLC coating
Authors: Bi Jun , Peng Jihua , Li Liejun
Published: November 2020

The DLC coatings were deposited onto the surface of 304 stainless steel by using PE-CVD method and Ar+C2H2 as working gas. The effects of the methane content in the working gas on the structure, hardness, thermal stability of the coating were analyzed by means of SEM, FTIR, Raman and nano-indenter. It is found that controlling methane content in the work gas can be used as an effective means to modulate the structure and performance of the DLC coating. With reducing methane content in the gas mixture, the surface sputtering effect by Ar+ is enhanced, which leads a drop of hydrogen content in the coating. A high sp3C-C content in the DLC coating can be obtained by selecting an appropriate methane flow, which derives a combination of high hardness and good thermal stability for the coating. a combination of high hardness and good thermal stability for the coating.
Numerical simulation study on diffusion of temperature drainage in wide and shallow water in a refinery integration project
Authors: Yajuan LI , Tianyu Mao , Yuxin Zhu
Published: November 2020

The numerical simulation of tidal current field in wide and shallow waters (Naochao River) of Caofeidian industrial zone is carried out by using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, taking the discharge problem of temperature and drainage in a refinery integration project as an example. Taking the tidal current field as the hydrodynamic condition of the temperature drainage transport simulation, the concentration distribution of the temperature drainage in the receiving water area was predicted by using the two-dimensional convection-diffusion model of the temperature drainage, and the change of the temperature rise line and its influence were analyzed. The results showed that the water area affected by temperature rise in winter and summer were 0.28km2 and 0.35km2, respectively, when the project was discharged separately. The existing temperature displacement of China Resources Power Plant in the superposition area is: 19.1km2 in winter and 1.64km2 in summer under the influence of temperature rise. By analyzing the influence degree of wide and shallow water (Naochao River) drainage outlet on temperature rise, the conclusion that the layout of drainage outlet should be further optimized is given. conclusion that the layout of drainage outlet should be further optimized is given.
Detecting the deformation of fast ice by InSAR technology with Sentinel-1A descending and ascending orbits data
Authors: Jian LIU , Jinning WANG , Zhiyong WANG
Published: November 2020

Accurate mapping of fast ice deformation can effectively characterize the rheological behavior of fast ice and subsequently improve sea ice model. This study used the Sentinel-1A descending and ascending orbits data to detect the deformations of fast ice in the Baltic Sea. A method for automatically obtaining fast ice edge line by combining interferometric coherence image and SAR amplitude image was proposed. Then, the deformations of fast ice were detected from different incidence angles with the descending and ascending orbits data. The results showed that the deformations in radar line of sight obtained from the descending and ascending orbits data were 38cm and 37cm respectively within the fast ice region of 960km2 in the study area. The continuous strong southwest wind was the principal reason for the deformation, and the deformation direction was dominated by east to west. Moreover, the inner fast ice kept stable and its deformation was smaller due to the protection of outer consolidated ice. The experimental results in this paper showed that the deformation trend and characteristics of fast ice can be better understood by InSAR technology with multi-orbits SAR data.
The diffusion of CO2-brine storage based on stochastic partial differential equations
Authors: Bin Liu , Bo Wang , Zhuo Li , Yanfang Lv
Published: November 2020

The migration of CO2 is stochastic in heterogeneous porous media. This paper considers the CO2 diffusion with the case of steady flow in heterogeneous porous media. The partial differential equations of CO2 diffusion in random velocity field are established based on the mass conservation equations of CO2- brine two-phase flow with the change of time scale and spatial scale under the influence of heterogeneity such as permeability and porosity. The random travel process of CO2 is quantified by joint probability distributions and joint statistical moments (mean and variance), and the diffusion model of CO2 particle in random velocity field is established under the condition of non-linear and immiscibility in heterogeneous porous media. The micro mechanism of diffusion in heterogeneous porous media is revealed by numerical simulation. The general conclusion of steady state flow of CO2 diffusion in heterogeneous porous media was verified by simulating Sleipner CO2-brine storage in Norway.
Dysfonctions cervicales lors du traitement orthodontique : quels sont les facteurs de risque ?
Authors: Servant Camille , Chane Loïc , Kily Jean-Pascal , Marangelli Gianni , Gebeile-Chauty Sarah
Published: November 2020

La prévalence des dysfonctions somatiques cervicales (DSC) est temporairement augmentée durant le traitement orthodontique. L’objectif de cette étude est de rechercher les facteurs prédictifs des DSC inhérents au patient et au traitement. Matériel et méthodes : Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective comparative sur 68 patients en cours de traitement multi-attache entre un groupe ayant développé des DSC sévères versus un groupe témoin (DSC absentes, légères à modérées). Les critères étudiés étaient la typologie verticale et la classe molaire, le disjoncteur, le ressort ouvert, les cales de surélévation, les extractions. Nous avons effectué une étude uni- et multivariée. Résultats : Les facteurs de risque pourvoyeurs de DSC sont l’hypo ou l’hyperdivergence, la classe II molaire, les cales de surélévation molaire, les ressorts ouverts. Le disjoncteur serait protecteur. Les extractions constituent un facteur non significatif. Conclusion : L’étude corrobore l’importance de la classe I molaire et de la normodivergence. Une étude complémentaire est nécessaire pour évaluer si ce sont les dispositifs de traitement ou les caractéristiques diagnostiques qu’ils traitent qui sont reliés aux DSC.
Acute Physiological Responses to Four Running Sessions Performed at Different Intensity Zones
Authors: Nuuttila Olli-Pekka , Kyröläinen Heikki , Häkkinen Keijo , Nummela Ari
Published: November 2020

This study investigated acute responses and post 24-h recovery to four running sessions performed at different intensity zones by supine heart rate variability, countermovement jump, and a submaximal running test. A total of 24 recreationally endurance-trained male subjects performed 90 min low-intensity (LIT), 30 min moderate-intensity (MOD), 6×3 min high-intensity interval (HIIT) and 10×30 s supramaximal-intensity interval (SMIT) exercises on a treadmill. Heart rate variability decreased acutely after all sessions, and the decrease was greater after MOD compared to LIT and SMIT (p<0.001; p<0.01) and HIIT compared to LIT (p<0.01). Countermovement jump decreased only after LIT (p<0.01) and SMIT (p<0.001), and the relative changes were different compared to MOD (p<0.01) and HIIT (p<0.001). Countermovement jump remained decreased at 24 h after SMIT (p<0.05). Heart rate during the submaximal running test rebounded below the baseline 24 h after all sessions (p<0.05), while the rating of perceived exertion during the running test remained elevated after HIIT (p<0.05) and SMIT (p<0.01). The current results highlight differences in the physiological demands of the running sessions, and distinct recovery patterns of the measured aspects of performance. Based on these results, assessments of performance and recovery from multiple perspectives may provide valuable information for endurance athletes, and help to improve the quality of training monitoring.
Nanoencapsulation of Plant Volatile Organic Compounds to Improve Their Biological Activities
Authors: Mun Hakmin , Townley Helen E.
Published: November 2020

Plant volatile organic compounds (volatiles) are secondary plant metabolites that play crucial roles in the reproduction, defence, and interactions with other vegetation. They have been shown to exhibit a broad range of biological properties and have been investigated for antimicrobial and anticancer activities. In addition, they are thought be more environmentally friendly than many other synthetic chemicals 1. Despite these facts, their applications in the medical, food, and agricultural fields are considerably restricted due to their volatilities, instabilities, and aqueous insolubilities. Nanoparticle encapsulation of plant volatile organic compounds is regarded as one of the best strategies that could lead to the enhancement of the bioavailability and biological activity of the volatile compounds by overcoming their physical limitations and promoting their controlled release and cellular absorption. In this review, we will discuss the
biosynthesis and analysis of plant volatile organic compounds, their biological activities, and limitations. Furthermore, different types of nanoparticle platforms used to encapsulate the volatiles and the biological efficacies of nanoencapsulated volatile organic compounds will be covered.