bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new evidence of cretaceous echinoids at the region Paleokastro of Stylis area (Fthiotida district)
Authors: ΣΥΜΕΩΝΙΔΗΣ Ν. , ΜΑΡΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ - ΔΙΑΚΑΝΤΩΝΗ Α. , ΓΙΑΝΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Β.
Published: August 2018

The rich Fauna of Echinoids (114 individuals) coming from the region Paleokastro Fthiotida has been found for the first time in Greece. The most part of the Echinoids studied, belongs to the genus Echinocorys{12%), and in minor quantity to the genus Micraster(8%), Galeaster(l%) and Coraster(19%). 17 species has been indentidied which have been distributed 13 to the genus Echinocorys ( E. conoideus, E. gravesi, E. humilis, E. lamberti, E. marginatus, E. obliquus, E. ovatus, E. pyramidatus, E. rectus, E. sulcatus, E. turritus, E. vulgaris, E. zejszneri), 1 to the genus Micraster (M. coranguinum), 1 to the genus Galeaster (G. cf. bertrandi) and 2 to the genus Coraster (C. sphaericus, C. frechi). The accompagnied fauna is consisting of one Scleractinian (Caryophyllia sp.) and one Nautiloid (Eutrephoceras dekayi (MORTON)). The stratigraphical distributions of the studied fauna allow us to accept that the cretaceous layers with the Echinoid Fauna belong to the Upper Maestrichtian age. The studied fauna, with his monotonous character, is an ecological niche of the genus Echinocorys living in almost littoral waters.
Sequence stratigraphy, quaternary basin analyses in the Adriatic Foredeep
Authors: GURI S. , GJANI L. , RANXHA S. , GURl M. , XHAXHIU A.
Published: August 2018

This paper intends to give the characterization of Quaternary loose deposits, near and along the sea coast zone, by evaluating lithological-geologic parameters, depositional environments and the tectonic subsidence. The main objectives are: - The lithologic-facial zone by mapping of lithologie composition and facies distribution. - The Quaternary basin analyses by interpreting depositional sequences of third order, where system tracts (lowstand, shelf wedge, transgressive and highstand) are individualized. - The present fluvial processes and delta configuration (Shkumbin, Seman).
Marine geological researches in the greater bay of Navarino area, Southern Ionian sea
Authors: ΠΕΡΙΣΟΡΑΤΗΣ Κ. , ΚΟΝΙΣΠΟΛΙΑΤΗΣ Ν. , ΖΗΜΙΑΝΙΤΗΣ Ε. , ΓΑΛΑΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Σ. , ΖΑΧΑΡΑΚΗ Π.
Published: August 2018

This paper examines the marine area of the Bay of Navarino and the Ionian sea sector to the west of the bay, based on a collection of shallow and intermediate penetration seismic profiles and on three gravity cores. The Bay has a smooth sea bottom morphology with maximum depth (75m) toward the south. Two minor reefs penetrate the sea bottom, one of them rising above the sea level forming a rocky island. In the open sea area the sea bottom is anomalous, especially after the shelf break, that is distinguished at a depth of approx. 160m. Beyond this depth deep valleys and ridges alternate and produce a rough morphology. The examination of the three gravity cores indicated that their sediment sand composition is mainly biogenic with minor amounts of terrigenous material. Increased shell fragments and terrigenous material was found at the bottom of one core taken at a depth of 116m, related probably to wave action at an earlier sea level position. The study of the seismic profiles collected within the bay and in the shelf area revealed,the presence of two distinct sedimentation units, un upper A filling with loose sediments the basins that are formed in the lower Y which is the basement. Within unit A two distinct subunits are recognized Al and A2, separated by an unconformity. In the sector to the west of the bay and beyond the shelf break, alternating opaque and transparent sediment  packages are present, that are attributed to earlier sedimentation phases of low/high sea level stages. An older shelf break feature correlated with sea level stage 6 was distinguished at approx. 250m. sea depth. Thus subsidence rate in the area is estimated between 1 and 2 mm/year. The comparison of all data with the known sea level change curve indicated that unit AI was deposited during and after the latest transgression (stage 1) the unconformity between Al and A2 is related to the previous regression (stage 2), while the deposition of the unit A2 took place probably during stages 3 and/or 5. The morphology of the basement Y in the bay and the shelf area is thus attributed probably to stage 6 when the area was again subaerially exposed.
Surficial mass movements and submarine slope stability analysis between Kerkyra and Paxi slope (Western Greek slope)
Authors: ΧΑΣΙΩΤΗΣ Θ. , ΠΑΠΑΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΥ Γ. , ΦΕΡΕΝΤΙΝΟΣ Γ.
Published: August 2018

This paper presents the results of a marine geophysical/geotechnical survey, which was carried out between Kerkyra and Paxi slope (part of the western Greek slope). The main bathymorphological features are numerous canyons and intercanyon ridges that exhibit high slope gradients (up to 30Ί). The canyon flanks as well as the ridges are affected by numerous mass movements that include slides, rotated sediment blocks, well-expresed sediment detachment surfaces, mass flows and creeping. Most of the aforementioned movememtns present a retrogressive action of the failure mechanism. The unstable sediment masses are often transported through the canyons and are deposited in the adjacent basin creating a sequence of alternating mass flow deposits and turbiditic/hemipelagic sediments. The gravity cores collected along two ridges, in the Kerkyra and Paxi slopes, revealed a certain sedimentary sequence consisting of calcareous ooze, oxidized mud and a sapropel layer overlaying hemipelagic mud. Along those sediment facies turbiditic muddy to sandy deposits usually appear. The main geotechnical characteristics of these lithofacies are the low undrained shear strength and high water content in the sapropel layer and the inverse relationship of the abovementioned properties in the oxidized mud. The water content of all the sediments is higher than the liquid limit indicating the very soft nature of the deposits and the possible destabilization upon disturbance (i.e. earthquake). The stability of the sedimentary cover was evaluated using the infinite slope, the Bishop and the Janbu methods. The main results that stemmed from the analysis are that (i) the Kerkyra slope is unstable both in static and dynamic conditions and (ii) the Paxi slope is unstable in dynamic conditions, whilst the very surficial layers (<1.5m in thickness) can be also unstable under static conditions. The possible failure planes are located 5-20m under the seabed. The absence of the oxidized mud and sapropel layers in the Kerkyra slope as well as their presence in the Paxi slope, and the presence of an episapropelic layer in the Kerkira-Paxi basin are all indicative of the unstable nature of the seafloor. Cyclic loading by earthquakes, high slope gradients and sediment bedding parallel to the slope are believed to be the predominant slope failure mechanisms in the surveyed area.
Stratigraphy and dating of a large slumping event in the Northern Aegean
Authors: LYKOUSIS V. , ROUSAKIS G. , PAVLAKIS P. , ALEXANDRI M.
Published: August 2018

Continuous seismic (Air-Gun) subbotom profiling in the N.Aegean was revealed a large submarine translational slide. The failure zone is extended from about 300m depth down to 800 m and covers an area of 85 Km2. The mean thickness of the slide reaches about 55 m and an estimated total volume of 4 Km3 of Quaternary sediments have been slided along a distance of 6 to 7 Km. Chronostratigraphic analysis of the acoustic reflectors imply that the slide plane is the muddy layer of late Pleistocene age (170-240 Ka BP). AMS dating of sediment cores provided indications that this major slide event occurred 5 to 6 Ka BP.
Consideration of modern sendimentary processes of the Evros river delta front and prodelta, NE Aegean sea
Authors: ΚΑΝΕΛΛΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Θ. Δ. , ΚΑΨΙΜΑΛΗΣ Β. , ΑΓΓΕΛΙΔΗΣ Μ. Ο. , ΚΑΜΠΕΡΗ Ε. , ΚΑΡΑΓΕΩΡΓΗΣ Α.
Published: August 2018

Gravity cores data from the Evros River delta front and prodelta confirm the aspect that the Evros River deltaic deposits tend to west-northwest, along the main direction of the local hydrodynamic regime, preventing the construction of a symmetrical Holocene prism. In the delta front, the terrigenous sediment consists mostly of fine-grained material. Its vertical succession is monotonous with slight differences in grain size or colour, and lack of internal structure or current-produced laminae, indicating almost immutable sedimentary processes as well as long-term discharge fluctuations. The river-borne sand is limited because of its entrapment in the river mouth but sometimes, during extreme conditions (periods of high river discharge, short-lived catastrophic events etc.), can be transported seawards covering an extensive area of the Alexandroupolis Gulf. The negligible biogenic content and the absence of bioturbation effects are attributed to the high rates of deposition. Some bioturbated horizons are produced when sedimentation rates decrease temporarily. The prodelta sediment distribution patterns occur a distinctive zonation along an east-southeast to westnorthwest trend. In the central part, mud dominates, while on both sides of this area, the content of sand gradually increases and becomes the prevalent facies near the coast and in the outer plateau of the gulf. The vertical facies sequences of the upper sedimentary cover are complicated, with many variations in grain size, colour and biogenic content reflecting a complicated manner of deposition. The major feeder of this area is the Evros River providing great amounts of suspended load. Another remarkable source of sand is derived from the coastline, which during storm conditions provides coarse-grained material in the shoreface area. Finally, a sediment supplier of local importance, Loutros River, affects the eastern area of Alexandroupolis building up a small subaqueous fan. In the open sea, the consequences of the modern sedimentation are negligible. The sandy character of the surface and sub-surface sediments, the analysis of biogenic fragments, the long distance from the present-day terrigenous sources are some evidences which lead to the view that the upper sediment body of the southwestern part of the study area has a presumable relict origin. 210Pb profiles are, more of less, consistent showing a sedimentation rate more than 2 cm/yr in the delta front, which decreases to 0.2 cm/yr at about 8 km seaward.
Study of the coastal sediments of the Loutraki gulf area
Authors: ΚΑΡΑΛΗ-ΒΟΥΔΟΥΡΗ Α. , ΛΕΙΒΑΔΙΤΗΣ Γ. , ΜΕΤΤΟΣ A.
Published: August 2018

The study of the sedimentological and mineralogical characteristics of the coastal sediments in the Loutraki gulf, included analyses of a large number of samples, that is granulometry, thin section study and x-ray examination. From these data the granulometry paramètres were assessed such as mean grain size, standard deviation σ, skewness SK, and kurtosis KG of the sediments. The study of the sedimentological parameters based on the mean grain size the offshoreline is covered by coarse grain sand, whereas the tidal zone indicates a high energy environment. The longshoredrift is from Ν to S. Most of the sand is loosely graded in the nearschore area, medium graded in the foreshore area and well graded in the backshore area. Their constant declination indicates a trend for a better gradation of sediments southwards. The latter combined with the mean grain size indicate a reduction of kinetic energy from Ν to S. In addition, the beachrocks, were studied together with their, elevation and their mineral composition .
The contribution of tidal currents in the sedimentation of the Strait of Avlida, Southern Evoikos Gulf (Greece)
Authors: ΠΟΥΛΟΣ Σ. E. , ΔΡΑΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Π. Γ. , ΛΕΟΝΤΑΡΗΣ Σ. Ν. , ΤΣΑΠΑΚΗΣ Ε. , ΧΑΤΖΗΓΙΑΝΝΗ Ε.
Published: August 2018

The investigated area of Avlida (northern part of the South Evoikos Gulf), which obtained its present shape within Holocene, is characterised by shallow water depths (<12 m) and the presence of muddy sediments. The hydrological regime of the area is governed mainly by the tide (sea level fluctuation 0.25-0.4 m). The water column (in April 1998) found to be almost homogeneous with temperature and salinity to increase progressively with depth from 13.7 °C and 34.1 psu (surface) to 14.1 °C and 35.7 psu (near bed). Suspended sediment concentrations varied between 1 and 4 mg/1 with the highest values observed above the seabed (4-8 mg/I). These values of suspended sediment are relatively high when compared with other coastal areas, as that of Thermaikos Gulf (<1 mg/1). Furthermore, their presence is attributed primarily to the action of tidal currents assisted periodically by the wave activity and human interference i.e. navigation. Especially the high near bed values are associated with the near-bed activity of the tidal currents, which having usually velocities > 11 cm/s apply to the seafloor bottom shear velocities capable of causing resuspension of the surficial muddy sediments and inhibiting final deposition of the suspensates. Therefore, the fine-grained sediments are resuspended and subsequently advected by the tidal currents and eventually distributed all over the study area. Finally, the relatively coarse-grained sediments found to be more abundant at the southern part are related to the deltaic progradation within historical times of the torrential rivers Mégalo Rema and Lilantas which form the south-end part of the strait of Avlida.
Palaeocurrent directions as an indicator of Pindos foreland evolution (central and southern part), Western Greece
Authors: VAKALAS J. , ANANIADIS G. , MPOURLOKAS J. , POULIMENOS D. , GETSOS K. , PANTOPOULOS G. , AVRAMIDIS P. , ZELILIDIS A. , KONTOPOULOS N.
Published: August 2018

In order to estimate the palaeoflow direction of the submarine fans, deposited in the Internal Ionian subbasin of the Pindos Foreland, fifty-one positions along the sub-basin were selected and measurements of palaeocurrents indicators such as flute and groove marks were taken. In the studied area the main palaeoflow direction of turbidites was axial, from south to north in the southern part, and from north to south in the northern part. A minor westward palaeoflow direction is also present. These palaeoflow directions were influenced mainly by the regional tectonic activity, such as internal thrusting (Gavrovo Thrust) and differential activity of the Pindos Thrust which subdivided Pindos foreland into narrow linear sub-basins.
Collaboration between a human group and artificial intelligence can improve prediction of multiple sclerosis course: a proof-of-principle study
Authors: Tacchella Andrea , Romano Silvia , Ferraldeschi Michela , Salvetti Marco , Zaccaria Andrea , Crisanti Andrea , Grassi Francesca
Published: August 2018

Background:Multiple sclerosis has an extremely variable natural course. In most patients, disease starts with a relapsing-remitting (RR) phase, which proceeds to a secondary progressive (SP) form. The duration of the RR phase is hard to predict, and to date predictions on the rate of disease progression remain suboptimal. This limits the opportunity to tailor therapy on an individual patient's prognosis, in spite of the choice of several therapeutic options.

Approaches to improve clinical decisions, such as collective intelligence of human groups and machine learning algorithms are widely investigated.

Methods:Medical students and a machine learning algorithm predicted the course of disease on the basis of randomly chosen clinical records of patients that attended at the Multiple Sclerosis service of Sant'Andrea hospital in Rome.

Results:A significant improvement of predictive ability was obtained when predictions were combined with a weight that depends on the consistence of human (or algorithm) forecasts on a given clinical record.

Conclusions:In this work we present proof-of-principle that human-machine hybrid predictions yield better prognoses than machine learning algorithms or groups of humans alone. To strengthen and generalize this preliminary result, we propose a crowdsourcing initiative to collect prognoses by physicians on an expanded set of patients.
A retrospective study on atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery at The National Heart Institute, Kuala Lumpur
Authors: Farouk Musa Ahmad , Quan Chou Zhao , Xin Low Zheng , Soni Trived , Dillon Jeswant , Hay Yuen Kah , Nordin Rusli Bin
Published: August 2018

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common after cardiac surgery and has been associated with poor outcome and increased resource utilization. The main objective of this study is to determine the incidence of POAF in Malaysia and identify the predictors of developing POAF. The secondary outcome of this study would be to investigate the difference in mortality and morbidity rates and the duration of intensive care unit (ICU), high dependency unit (HDU) and hospital stay between the two.

Methods: This is a retrospective single-center, cross sectional study conducted at the National Heart Institute, Malaysia. Medical records of 637 who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery in 2015 were accrued. Pre-operative, operative and post-operative information were subsequently collected on a pre-formulated data collection sheet. Data were then analyzed using IBM SPSS v23.

Results: The incidence of POAF in our study stands at 28.7% with a mean onset of 45±33 hours post operatively. Variables with independent association with POAF include advancing age, Indian population, history of chronic kidney disease, left ventricular ejection fraction and beta-blocker treatment. The mortality rate is significantly higher statistically (p < 0.05), and similarly the incidence of stroke. The incidence of other post-operative complications was also significantly higher statistically. The duration of ICU, HDU and hospital stays were statistically longer (p < 0.001) with higher rates of ICU readmissions and reintubations seen.

Conclusion: We conclude that the incidence of POAF in Malaysia is comparable to the figures in Western countries, making POAF one of the most commonly encountered condition after CABG with similar higher rates of mortality, poor outcomes and longer duration of stay, and therefore increased cost of care. Strategies to reduce the incidence of AF after cardiac surgery should favorably affect surgical outcomes and reduce utilization of resources and thus lower cost of care.
Scaled deployment of Wolbachia to protect the community from Aedes transmitted arboviruses
Authors: O'Neill Scott L. , Ryan Peter A. , Turley Andrew P. , Wilson Geoff , Retzki Kate , Iturbe-Ormaetxe Inaki , Dong Yi , Kenny Nichola , Paton Christopher J. , Ritchie Scott A. , Brown-Kenyon Jack , Stanford Darren , Wittmeier Natalie , Anders Katherine L. , Simmons Cameron P.
Published: August 2018

Background: A number of new technologies are under development for the control of mosquito transmitted viruses, such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika that all require the release of modified mosquitoes into the environment. None of these technologies has been able to demonstrate evidence that they can be implemented at a scale beyond small pilots. Here we report the first successful citywide scaled deployment of Wolbachia in the northern Australian city of Townsville.

Methods: The wMel strain of Wolbachia was backcrossed into a local Aedes aegypti genotype and mass reared mosquitoes were deployed as eggs using mosquito release containers (MRCs). In initial stages these releases were undertaken by program staff but in later stages this was replaced by direct community release including the development of a school program that saw children undertake releases. Mosquito monitoring was undertaken with Biogents Sentinel (BGS) traps and individual mosquitoes were screened for the presence of Wolbachia with a Taqman qPCR assay. Dengue case notifications from Queensland Health Communicable Disease Branch were used to track dengue cases in the city before and after release.

Results: Wolbachia was successfully established into local Ae. aegypti mosquitoes across 66 km2 in four stages over 28 months with full community support.  A feature of the program was the development of a scaled approach to community engagement. Wolbachia frequencies have remained stable since deployment and to date no local dengue transmission has been confirmed in any area of Townsville after Wolbachia has established, despite local transmission events every year for the prior 13 years and an epidemiological context of increasing imported cases.

Conclusion: Deployment of Wolbachia into Ae. aegypti populations can be readily scaled to areas of ~60km2 quickly and cost effectively and appears in this context to be effective at stopping local dengue transmission
Molecular characterization and morphological description of cryptic haemoproteids in the laughingthrushes (Leiothrichidae) in the western and eastern Himalaya, India
Authors: Ishtiaq Farah , Rao Megha , Palinauskas Vaidas
Published: August 2018

Background: Laughingthrushes (family: Leiothrichidae) consists of diverse and widespread species found in the Indian subcontinent but there is a lack of information on their avian haemosporidians. 

Methods: We sampled 231 laughingthrushes of 8 species in the western and eastern Himalaya in India. Using parasite morphology and cytochrome b sequences we describe 2 new Haemoproteus species harbored in 3 species of laughingthrushes and report a case of cryptic speciation.

Results: First Haemoproteus lineage TROERY01 (GenBank: KY623720) found in Trochalopteron erythrocephalum (27.47%) and Trochalopteron variegatum (2.9%) in mid to high altitude tropical forests in the western and eastern Himalaya, was described as Haemoproteus (Parahaemoproteus) leiothrichus n. sp. (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae). Second Haemoproteus lineage TROERY02 (GenBank: KY623721) described as Haemoproteus (Parahaemoproteus) homoleiothrichus n. sp. (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae) was found in T. erythrocephalum (2.19%) and Trochalopteron lineatum (3.84%), albeit in low intensity, only in the western Himalaya. Both H. homoleiothrichus n. sp. and H. leiothrichus n. sp. showed no significant difference in morphological features in blood stages. A genetic divergence of 4.4% along with distinct phylogenetic position indicates that these 2 lineages represent cryptic species. Previously, T. erythrocephalum has been described as an additional host for a morphologically described Haemoproteus timalus in the oriental region. Our described species have several morphological features that are absent in H. timalus. These are, the presence of dumbbell-like shaped mature gametocytes, ‘arm’ like extensions of gametocytes and lateral displacement of nuclei of infected erythrocytes. Illustrations of blood stages of the new species are given, and phylogenetic analysis with morphologically described Haemoproteus species identifies parasites closely related to the 2 described parasites.

Conclusions: The lineages described here have been recorded only in the laughingthrushes so far. These are the first parasites to be described with T. erythrocephalum as a type host from the western and eastern Himalaya in India.
Accounting of Future Events in Federal Standards
Authors: Еремеева Ольга , Eremeeva Ol'ga
Published: August 2018

Th e article analyzes the content of federal accounting standards for the requirements for disclosure of future events. Conclusions are made about the possibility of developing the theory and practice of integrated reporting on the basis of traditional accounting.
The Evolution of Equity Theories in Individual and Consolidated Financial Statements
Authors: Неелова Наталья , Neelova Natalia
Published: August 2018

In the article features of the basic theories of the capital within the framework of the concept of the owner and the concept of the enterprise are given. Th e article considers proposals of the Council on IFRS to change the classifi cation of issued financial instruments for equity and debt (narrow approach to capital and strict approach to liabilities). Fragments of diff erent theories of capital that are present in IFRS have been identifi ed.
Main Tax Evasion Schemes Used in International Practice
Authors: Ткаченко Т. , Tkachenko T. , Кузнецова М. , Kuznecova M.
Published: August 2018

Th is article is devoted towards the main tax evasion schemes used in international practice. In particular schemes evading customs payments, VAT, income tax and social transfers. Also the particulars of justifi ed and unjustified tax benefi ts are mentioned.
Short Communication: Muscle protein bands resolved by Sarotherodon melanotheron from fresh and brackish water habitats
Authors: OLADOSU-AJAYI R.N. , OMONIYI I.T. , DIENYE H.E.
Published: August 2018

Oladosu-Ajayi RN, Omoniyi IT, Dienye HE. 2018. Muscle protein bands resolved by Sarotherodon melanotheron from fresh and brackish water habitats. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 40-45. An electrophoretic analysis of muscle protein of Sarotherodon melanotheron from freshwater (Eleiyele Reservoir, Ibadan, Nigeria) and brackish water (Lekki Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria) was carried out using the Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The protein banding patterns for the fish species were distinguishable. The freshwater S. melanotheron samples displayed 15-22 protein bands with the male samples having the highest while the brackish water S. melanotheron samples displayed 13-20 protein bands with the female having the highest. The freshwater S. melanotheron were also observed to have resolved a higher range of protein bands of molecular weights ranging between 20 kd to 99 kd than the brackish water species, which resolved protein bands of lower molecular weights ranging between 20 kd to 95 kd. The electrophoretic analysis of muscle proteins revealed that SDS-PAGE can be considered a good taxonomic criterion to differentiate among and within fish species.
The effects of dietary Eleutherine bulbosa on the growth, leukocyte profile, and digestive enzyme activity of the striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus
Authors: NUGROHO RUDY AGUNG , MEYLIANAWATI MEYLIANAWATI , ASOKAWATI ODETA FEBRI , SARI YANTI PUSPITA , HARDI ESTI HANDAYANI
Published: August 2018

Nugroho RA, Meylianawati, Asokawati OF, Sari YP, Hardi EH. 2018. The effects of dietary Eleutherine bulbosa on the growth, leukocyte profile, and digestive enzymes activity of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 46-51. This study was conducted to examine the effects of Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb extract (EAE) on the average weekly gain (AWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), digestive enzyme (amylase, lipase, protease) activity, total and differential leukocyte counts, and phagocytosis activity of the striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Four groups of fish with three replicates were fed 15 (P1), 30 (P2), 45 (P3), and 60 (P4) g kg-1of EAE in a basal diet and compared with control (C) fish without EAE at a rate 3% of body weight for 4 weeks. At the end of the trial, the results showed that fish fed EAE above 15 g kg-1 in the diet significantly increased AWG, while SGR, FE, lipase, protease, and neutrophil, and lymphocyte activity were not affected by any dietary concentration of EAE. The diet containing 45 g kg-1 EAE increased amylase activity in the fish while the highest number of leukocytes and phagocytosis activity was found in the fish fed 30 g kg-1 EAE in the diet. These findings suggest that the inclusion of EAE in the diet, in amounts higher than 30 g kg-1, is beneficial in improving amylase, leukocyte and phagocytosis activity of fish.
Short Communication: Tetrazolium test for evaluating viability of Capsicum annum seeds
Authors: KUSUMAWARDANA ADITYA , PUJIASMANTO BAMBANG , PARDONO PARDONO
Published: August 2018

Kusumawardana A, Pujiasmanto B, Pardono. 2018. Tetrazolium test for evaluating viability of Capsicum annum seeds. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 142-145. Seed quality is important in seeds production. This research was conducted to obtain information of topographical tetrazolium staining pattern of pepper (Capsicum annum) seeds. Tetrazolium test was conducted to determine the seed viability and plant growth vigor. Laboratory test for standard germination and field performances were performed on four lots (A, B, C, D) of pepper seeds. The viability categories pattern were determined by Root Mean Square (RMS), regression, and correlation analyses. Nine topographical patterns were recognized. The laboratory test results and field performances were compared with the topographical pattern. Combination of patterns 1,2 (embryonic axis and cotyledon completely stained) selected as viable category as it gave the least RMS value, the highest determination (R²) and correlation (r) coefficient with standard germination (RMS = 4, 06; R² = 0,761; r = 0,872). Combination of patterns 1,2 also gave the highest determination (R²) and correlation (r) coefficient with field stand (R² = 0,921; r = 0,959). The combination of patterns 1,2 is recommended for estimating plant growth performance in the field.
The effect of combination of indigenous phosphate solubilizing bacteria of Riau, Indonesia on the available phosphorus and phosphorus uptake of soybean
Authors: ALFIAH LUFITANUR , ZUL DELITA , NELVIA NELVIA
Published: August 2018

Alfiah L, Zul D, Nelvia N. 2018. The effect of combination of indigenous phosphate solubilizing bacteria of Riau, Indonesia on the available phosphorus and phosphorus uptake of soybean. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 146-150. Despite the abundant amount of phosphorus (P) in the soil, P uptake by the plants is very limited. In acidic soil, phosphorus (P) is bound to aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe), whereas in the alkaline soil, phosphorus (P) is bound to calcium (Ca). The improvement of efficiency and availability of P to plants can be made by utilizing a group of solubilizing phosphate microorganisms. Potency test to investigate the P solubility by Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) has been conducted by isolating the bacteria from peat soil at Biosphere Reserves of Giam Siak Kecil Bukit Batu, Riau, Indonesia. The semi-quantitative test revealed that the PSB were able to dissolve Ca3 (PO4)2, FePo4 and phosphate rock. However, the adaptation ability and potency of PSB from indigenous Riau peat soil inoculated into soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) plants in the mineral soil have not yet been investigated. The present study was carried out from March to June 2015 on the alluvial soil in Babussalam Village, Rambah Sub-district, Rokan Hulu District, Riau. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PSB inoculation on bacterial population and phosphatase activity. The study also aimed to determine the available P and P uptake and their impact on soybean growth and production. The study employed a factorial experiment laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) consisted of two factors, i.e., soil treatment and PSB. The first factor comprised of two levels, i.e., T0: non-sterilized soil, T1: sterilized soil. The second factor consisted of 4 levels, i.e., B0: without PSB inoculation, B1: inoculation using 2 isolates of PSB (BB_UB6 and BB_K9), B2: inoculation using 3 isolates of PSB (BB_UB6, BB_K9 and BB_K2), and B3: inoculation using 4 isolates of PSB (BB_UB6, BB_K9, BB_K2, and BB_HS13). The results showed that inoculation of starter 3 had the highest phosphatase activity rate of 12.43 μg p NP g-1 hour-1. The highest available P was produced by starter 2, while the P uptake on non-sterilized soil was higher than that on the sterilized soil at 2.63 mg plant-1. PSB inoculation and soil sterilization did not significantly affect the population of phosphate solubilizing bacteria.
The Pleasures and Pitfalls of Exile and Counterpoint in Farah's Maps
Authors: Tayseer Abu Odeh
Published: August 2018

Taking as its starting point Edward Said's appropriation of the concept of counterpoint, late style, and exile in Culture and Imperialism and On Late Style, this essay examines the thematic and literary implications of Nuruddin Farah's counterpoint and exile, as manifested in Maps. More concretely, building on Said's secular and humanist examination of counterpoint, late style, and exile as embodying a form of musical, aesthetic and sociopolitical criticism and resistance, this essay examines the way in which Nuruddin Farah addresses the aesthetic and home in Somalia as a counterpoint to the dictatorial masculine oppression of the regime from a contrapuntal and exilic perspective. The theme of postcolonial transnational feminism as a contrapuntal sign of resistance and late style is examined and interrogated in Farah's Maps in various ways. I investigate contrapuntally the way in which Somalian women, as portrayed in Farah's selected works, stand up to challenge the hegemonic patriarch and postcolonial regime in Somalia, as represented by the General Siad Barre and the oligarchy. Somalian female identity foregrounds itself in a pertinent and humanist way within a postcolonial feminist context.
Diagnostic Thresholds for Androgen-Producing Tumors or Pathologic Hyperandrogenism in Women by Use of Total Testosterone Concentrations Measured by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sharma Anu , Kapoor Ekta , Singh Ravinder J , Chang Alice Y , Erickson Dana
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND

Previously defined thresholds for total testosterone (TT) concentrations to screen for androgen-producing tumors (APTs) have used RIA, which can be less accurate in women. We aimed to define diagnostic thresholds to screen for APTs or postmenopausal pathologic hyperandrogenism using TT concentrations measured by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

METHODS

We performed a retrospective cohort study on all women with TT ≥3.5 nmol/L and all postmenopausal women presenting with hyperandrogenism between 2004 and 2014 at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN.

RESULTS

Of the 369 women with TT ≥3.5 nmol/L, 89 were included and subdivided into 3 groups based on their clinical diagnosis [21 (24%), APT; 16 (18%), postmenopausal pathologic hyperandrogenism; 52 (58%), polycystic ovary syndrome]. The source of the APT was more frequently ovarian (81%, n = 17) than adrenal (19%, n = 4). The diagnostic threshold using ROC analysis for TT to identify APT in women with severe biochemical hyperandrogenemia was ≥5.1 nmol/L (sensitivity, 90%; specificity, 81%). In a second analysis of a cohort of postmenopausal women only presenting with symptoms or signs of hyperandrogenism, median TT was significantly higher in the postmenopausal pathologic hyperandrogenism group (APT and ovarian hyperthecosis) vs the idiopathic hyperandrogenism group (4.9 vs 0.8 nmol/L; P < 0.01). In postmenopausal women, the diagnostic threshold for pathologic hyperandrogenism was TT ≥2.2 nmol/L (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 86%).

CONCLUSIONS

The diagnostic threshold for TT concentration as measured by LC-MS/MS to identify APT in women with biochemical severe hyperandrogenemia was TT ≥5.1 nmol/L. In postmenopausal women, the diagnostic threshold for pathologic hyperandrogenism was lower (TT ≥2.2 nmol/L).
Preliminary investigation of sleep-related driving fatigue experiment in Indonesia
Authors: Sanjaya Kadek Heri , Kusuma Sya'Bana Yukhi Mustaqim , Hutchinson Shaun , Diels Cyriel
Published: August 2018

Sleep-related driving fatigue has been recognised as one main cause of traffic accidents. In Indonesia, experiment-based driving fatigue study is still very limited, therefore it is necessary to develop laboratory-based experiment procedure for sleep-related fatigue study. In this preliminary study, we performed a literature review to find references for the procedure and three pilot experiments to test the instruments and procedure to be used in measuring driving fatigue. Three subjects participated, both from experienced and inexperienced drivers. Our pilot experiments were performed on a driving simulator using OpenDS software with brake and lane change test reaction time measurement. We measured sleepiness by using Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) Questionnaire. The conditions of the experiment were based on illumination intensity as well as pre- and post-lunch session. We found that lane change reaction time is more potential than brake reaction time to measure driving performance as shown by the more fluctuating data. Post-lunch seems to induce drowsiness greater than illumination intensity. KSS questionnaire seems non-linear with driving performance data. We need to test further these speculations in the future studies involving a sufficient number of subjects. We also need to compare the effect of circadian rhythm and sleep deprivation on driving fatigue. The use of eye closure and physiological measurement in further study will enable us to measure driving fatigue more objectively. Considering the limitations, more preliminary experiments are required to be performed before conducting the main experiment of driving fatigue.
SHOKU BUNKA: WARNA BUDAYA DAN TRADISI DALAM MAKANAN JEPANG
Authors: Rosliana Lina
Published: August 2018

Japan has natural resources that can provide sufficient food, both from the mountains, the sea, and rivers. The four seasons it has also contributed to the diversity of natural products, which provide a variety of colors in the food. The seriousness of producing quality food, the use of unique food processing techniques, to artistic presentation, makes Japanese food a strong identity among traditional foods from other countries in the world. In its development, Japanese food openly receives influence from abroad, but still maintains its traditions, to create the concept of assimilation in it. Japan is able to pour cultural colors on its food and make Japanese food as a soft diplomacy of the country that is easily accepted by the international world. There are many factors that can be explored by researching Japanese food, so research on Japanese food can touch some of the domains, such as geography, health, sociology, and culture. This study will explore Japanese food from the eyes of culture.
HEDGES DALAM BAHASA JEPANG
Authors: Putri Claudia Herzegovina
Published: August 2018

Hedges is a restriction used by a person for protecting themselves or an effort of a face saving act. The hedges sign in Japanese has a uniqueness due to have a different pattern of sentences that differs from other language, that make us interested in examining the hedges sign in Japanese as a pragmatic study. The author collect the data using “simak-catat” method, then it was analyzed using descriptive method. The result is presented using informal method. The result is the hedges sign in Japanese is divided into four maxims. The hedges sign that meets the maxim of quantity is soukai, iyo iyo “eventually”, while the maxim of quality are tabun “perhaps", kamoshirenai “perhaps”, sou “seems”, dekirudarou “perhaps can”, the maxim of manner is ~tara ~omotteimasu “I suppose…if…”, and the last maxim is maxim of relenvance ~kedo “but, however…”.
Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas food consumption score dalam mengidentifikasi rawan pangan dengan parameter status gizi balita
Authors: Firna Aklesta Leni , Bambang Azis Nur , Afifah Diana Nur
Published: August 2018

Background : Food consumption score (FCS) was one of indicators to measure the food insecurity that included some elements from food access and food consumption, but the sensitivity was different in each area so it was needed to do the sensitivity and specificity tests with the high precision and accuracy of parameter. Objectives : To do the sensitivity and specificity test of food consumption score to identify the food insecurity with parameter status of toddlers’ nutrition anthropometrically. Methods : Cross sectional study with total subjects 517 toddlers. Status of toddlers’ nutrition was counted according to zscore WHZ, WAZ, and HAZ. The FCS score was counted according to WFP formula.  Results : Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) FCS test with parameter of WHZ, WAZ, HAZ as followed Se=0 Sp=  ≥ 90%. Conclusion: The cut-off point of FCS that was set by WFP was non-sensitive in identifying the food insecurity with parameter status of toddlers’ nutrition.
IRIBAN DALAM EKONOMI KAMPUNGAN Studi Kasus di Desa Jambu, Mlonggo, Jepara
Authors: Hasanah Siti
Published: August 2018

Among villagers of Jambu, in Mlonggo subdistrict of Jepara regency, there is iriban activity that has become a tradition in their daily lives. This routine includes neighborhood meeting on the date of 15th and 30th, participated by men and women as members of the neighborhood association (Rukun Tetangga); the other activities are only participated by the men such as dhiba'an or berjanjen held every Sunday evening, the manaqiban held on the date of 11th and 27th as well as tahlilan held every Thursday night. Iriban activity has become a tradition that is carried out from generation to generation. Yhe reason for the implementation of iriban tradition is to draw the spirit and sympathy of the people to participate in social activities. The implementation of iriban philosophy includes some elements, such as paguyuban (gemeinschaft) and patembayan (gesselschaft) concepts, reciprocity, exchange theory, and togetherness.
BAPONGKA, SISTEM BUDAYA SUKU BAJO DALAM MENJAGA KELESTARIAN SUMBER DAYA PESISIR
Authors: Artanto Yohanes Kristiawan
Published: August 2018

Bajo communities have local knowledge which contains the value of the preservation of marine and coastal ecosystems in the form of traditions, rules or restrictions hereditarily practiced, maintained and adhered Bajo community in protecting and utilizing coastal areas sustainably. One is the activity called Bapongka (babangi), that is, the Bajo fishing activities conducted in groups for several weeks or even months using large sized boats called leppa or sopek. Bapongka has common values that can be interpreted as an attempt to tighten silaturrahmi (brotherhood relationship) among family members, as the activities are generally carried out by involving the family (wife and children) and also fellow fishermen, implemented by way of a group to use 3 to 4 boats set off hand in hand. The Bajo tribe's tradition is an activity that serves to safeguard the environment, preserve the resources, and prevent damage to marine and coastal ecosystems
OBJEK-OBJEK DALAM RITUAL PENANGKAL HUJAN
Authors: Christy Imaniar Yordan
Published: August 2018

Rain prevention is a ritual that many people do in some areas in Indonesia. In addition to Indonesia, this ritual is also conducted in Japan. The ritual uses various objects. This study discusses the meaning of rain-prevention rituals in some regions of Indonesia and in Japan, and the objects used for the rituals. The purpose of this study is to discover the meaning of rain-prevention rituals, to discover the symbols of ritual objects, and to discover the rainpreventing rituals in some areas in Indonesia and in Japan. The method of analysis used is the method of cultural research
The Instructor Interface Development of a Lecture Taking Mobile Application for Hearing Impaired Students
Authors: Hong Ki-Hyung ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: August 2018

Background and Objectives: Due to the lack of stenography and sign-language interpretation services, deaf and hard-of-hearing people have limited opportunities in education. Based on the rapid growth of speech technology, there are many mobile applications to help face-to-face communication between hard-of-hearing people and their hearing communication partners, although face-to-face communication applications fail to support some communications that arise in inclusive classroom situations. For example, the question of a deaf student to the instructor should also be heard by the hearing students in the classroom. There is a lecture-taking mobile application (Park, 2016) for hard-of-hearing students to support all possible communication types in inclusive settings. However the application is uncomfortable for the instructor to use, since the instructor is required to hold the mobile device near his or her mouth during the entire lecture. The purpose of this study is to develop an interface hardware that is comfortable for the instructor, and supports all possible communication types between the deaf student and others, including the instructor and the hearing students in the same classroom. Method: We analyzed the communication model of the lecture-taking mobile application, and extracted the requirements of the comfortable instructor’s interface. We designed the interface and extended the communication model with the interface. Results: The new interface has the shape of a microphone, which is very familiar to instructors. It consists of a blue-tooth microphone and function buttons to support communication between the deaf student and the others in the same classroom. In order to increase the speech volume for all the students to hear, especially in large classes, we suggested to include a sound amplifier of the speech signal from the mobile device. The instructor’s interface was implemented using two blue-tooth microphones. We created a mock- up of the interface using a 3D printer. The raspberry PI 3 was used to implement the sound amplifier. Conclusion: The lecture-taking mobile application with the developed instructor’s interface made the instructors feel comfortable in their inclusive classes with hard-of-hearing students. This device contributes to the improvement of the quality of life for hard-of-hearing individuals, and we expect that it will help hard-of-hearing people to have the same opportunity in education as hearing people.
Meta-Analysis of the Effect on Communication Intervention for Students with Severe and Multiple Disabilities : Based on Single-Subject Research Designs
Authors: Bae Byoung-Duck , Park Eun-Young ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: August 2018

Background & Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of communication intervention on students with severe and multiple disabilities using single-subject design research. Method: This study analyzed nine single-subject design studies that were published in Korea Citation Index-listed journals(including candidate journals). In order to calculate the effect sizes of the communication intervention, this study derived Tau U scores presented as one of the methods to calculate the effect sizes of single-subject design research. After measuring Tau U scores according to the variables of individual studies, this study used Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test to compare and analyze the effect sizes according to moderating variables in dependent variables, demographic characteristics (the types of disability, genders, ages, and school levels), and research characteristics (research designs, intervention environments, intervention period, treatment fidelity). Results: According to the results of calculating Tau U as effect sizes in order to examine the effect of communication intervention on desirable behaviors and problem behaviors in students with severe and multiple disabilities, in a total of 9 analysis papers, Tau U as the effect size on desirable behaviors (the number of analyses = 156) to be expected that the effect size of dependent variables would be positive was 0.93, whereas Tau U as the effect size on problem behaviors (the number of analyses = 33) to be expected that the effect size of dependent variables would be negative was -0.87. Conclusion: Thus, it was confirmed that the effects of intervention on desirable behaviors and problem behaviors were very effective overall in the papers that were analyzed. There were mostly high effect sizes according to diverse intervention variables in the studies on communication intervention of students with severe and multiple disabilities. Also, according to the results of the analysis of thediverse moderating variables, there were significant differences in the types of disabilities reported. Lastly, this study discussed the direction for future studies on communication intervention on students with severe and multiple disabilities.