bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalytic Approach to Quinoline Fused Lactones and Lactams from Glycine Derivatives.
Authors: Huo Congde , Yuan Yong , Chen Fengjuan , Wang Yajun
Published: March 2016

A simple and efficient aerobic oxidative process for the synthesis of quinoline‐fused lactones and lactames is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Cyclization of Arenes by C—H Bond Activation with DMF as the Carbonyl Source.
Authors: Chen Jianbin , Feng Jian‐Bo , Natte Kishore , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: March 2016

Various title quinazolinones are operationally simply obtained with broad substrate scope by a novel Pd‐catalyzed CO‐gas‐ and autoclave‐free protocol.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light‐Induced Radical Cyclization of Ethyl 2‐(N‐Arylcarbamoyl)‐2‐chloroiminoacetates: Synthesis of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Li Dianjun , Ma Haichao , Yu Wei
Published: March 2016

The reaction is mentioned to fail for chloroiminoacetates bearing an ortho‐substituent.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki‐Type Cross Coupling Between Aryl Halides and Silylboranes for the Syntheses of Aryl Silanes.
Authors: Guo Huifang , Chen Xiao , Zhao Chunliang , He Wei
Published: March 2016

A convenient synthesis of aryl silanes is achieved by Pd‐catalyzed reaction of aryl halides with B‐silyl pinacolates.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective One‐Pot Three Component Synthesis of Chiral 2‐Iminoselenazolines under Sonication.
Authors: Chang Wong‐Jin , Kulkarni Manohar V. , Sun Chung‐Ming
Published: March 2016

A regioselective, ultrasound‐promoted synthesis of substituted 2‐iminoselenazoles is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Isolation of Polygodial from Tasmannia lanceolata: A Viable Scaffold for Synthesis.
Authors: Just Jeremy , Jordan Timothy B. , Paull Brett , Bissember Alex C. , Smith Jason A.
Published: March 2016

Polygodial (I), a valuable sesquiterpene dialdehyde featuring an epimerizable stereocenter is efficiently extracted and isolated in gram‐scale quantities from Tasmannia lanceolata (Tasmanian native pepper) via a recently developed rapid pressurised hot water extraction (PHWE) technique that utilizes an unmodified household espresso machine.
ChemInform Abstract: Secovironolide, a Novel Furanosteroid Scaffold with a Five‐Membered B Ring from the Endophytic Fungus Talaromyces wortmannii LGT‐4.
Authors: Ding Hai‐E. , Yang Zhong‐Duo , Sheng Li , Zhou Shuang‐Yan , Li Shuo , Yao Xiao‐Jun , Zhi Kang‐Kang , Wang Yong‐Gang , Zhang Fei
Published: March 2016

Two novel compounds, secovironolide (I) and epoxyvirone (II), together with five known viridian derivatives are isolated from the title fungus.
ChemInform Abstract: Earth‐Abundant Nanomaterials for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Xia Wei , Mahmood Asif , Liang Zibin , Zou Ruqiang , Guo Shaojun
Published: March 2016

Review: 253 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solubility Phenomena Studies Concerning Brines in China
Authors: Song Pengsheng , Sun Bai , Zeng Dewen
Published: March 2016

Review: 224 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microporous Crystalline Mo‐V Mixed Oxides for Selective Oxidations
Authors: Ishikawa Satoshi , Ueda Wataru
Published: March 2016

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Oxidative Biaryl Coupling by Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
Authors: Dohi Toshifumi , Kita Yasuyuki
Published: March 2016

Review: 290 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenations and Deuterium Labeling with Aluminum‐Based Metal Alloys under Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Cho Hyejin , Schafer Christian , Torok Bela
Published: March 2016

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrole: An Emerging Scaffold for Construction of Valuable Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Gholap Somnath S.
Published: March 2016

Review: [73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rare Earth Ion Doped Phosphors for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Applications
Authors: Yao Nannan , Huang Jinzhao , Fu Ke , Deng Xiaolong , Ding Meng , Xu Xijin
Published: March 2016

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Organic Frameworks Derived Porous Carbons: Syntheses, Porosity and Gas Sorption Properties
Authors: Pei Xiaokun , Chen Yifa , Li Siqing , Zhang Shenghan , Feng Xiao , Zhou Junwen , Wang Bo
Published: March 2016

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermodynamic Assessment of the Ga—X (X: B, Ca, Sr, Ba) Systems Supported by First‐Principles Calculations
Authors: Li Xi , Cheng Kaiming , Yuan Xiaoming , Zhao Dongdong , Xin Jinghua , Wang Weiwei , Zhang Cong , Du Yong
Published: March 2016

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Immuno‐PCR: An Ultrasensitive Immunoassay for Biomolecular Detection
Authors: Chang Le , Li Jinming , Wang Lunan
Published: March 2016

Review: 104 refs.
Mechanics of the eukaryotic flagellar axoneme: Evidence for structural distortion during bending
Authors: Lesich Kathleen A. , dePinho Tania G. , Pelle Dominic W. , Lindemann Charles B.
Published: March 2016

The sliding doublet mechanism is the established explanation that allows us to understand the process of ciliary and flagellar bending. In this study, we apply the principles of the sliding doublet mechanism to analyze the mechanics of the counterbend phenomenon in sea urchin sperm flagella. When a passive, vanadate‐treated, flagellum is forced into a bend with a glass microprobe, the portion of the flagellum distal to the probe exhibits a bend of opposite curvature (counterbend) to the imposed bend. This phenomenon was shown to be caused by the induction of inter‐doublet shear and is dependent on the presence of an inter‐doublet shear resistance. Here we report that in sea urchin flagella there is systematically less shear induced in the distal flagellum than is predicted by the sliding doublet mechanism, if we follow the assumption that the diameter of the flagellum is uniform. To account for the reduced shear that is observed, the likeliest and most direct interpretation is that the portion of the axoneme that is forced to bend undergoes substantial compression of the axoneme in the bending plane. A compression of 30–50 nm would be sufficient to account for the shear reduction from a bend of 2 radians. A compression of this magnitude would require considerable flexibility in the axoneme structure. This would necessitate that the radial spokes and/or the central pair apparatus are easily compressed by transverse stress. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contrast‐enhancing tumor growth dynamics of preoperative, treatment‐naive human glioblastoma
Authors: Ellingson Benjamin M. , Nguyen Huytram N. , Lai Albert , Nechifor Ruben E. , Zaw Okkar , Pope Whitney B. , Yong William H. , Nghiemphu Phioanh L. , Liau Linda M. , Cloughesy Timothy F.
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND

Little is known about the natural growth characteristics of untreated glioblastoma before surgical or therapeutic intervention, because patients are rapidly treated after preliminary radiographic diagnosis. Understanding the growth characteristics of uninhibited human glioblastoma may be useful for characterizing changes in response to therapy. Thus, the objective of the current study was to explore tumor growth dynamics in a cohort of patients with untreated glioblastoma before surgical or therapeutic intervention.

METHODS

Ninety‐five patients with glioblastoma who had measurable enhancing disease on >2 magnetic resonance imaging scans before surgery were identified. Tumor growth rates were quantified in 4 different ways (the percentage change per day, the absolute rate of change per day, the estimated volumetric doubling time, and the radial expansion rate) using 3 different approaches (bidirectional product, enhancing disease, and total lesion volume).

RESULTS

The median volumetric doubling time was 21.1 days, the percentage change in tumor volume was 2.1% per day, and the rate of change in total lesion volume was 0.18 cc per day. The length of follow‐up between magnetic resonance imaging examinations should be >28 days to detect progressive disease with high specificity. Small initial tumor sizes (<3 cm in greatest dimension) are biased toward a large percentage change at follow‐up.

CONCLUSIONS

Presurgical, treatment‐naive glioblastoma growth dynamics can be estimated in a variety of ways with similar results. The percentage changes in tumor size and volume depend on baseline tumor size and the time interval between scans. Cancer 2016;122:1718‐27. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Early impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on insurance among young adults with cancer: Analysis of the dependent insurance provision
Authors: Parsons Helen M. , Schmidt Susanne , Tenner Laura L. , Bang Heejung , Keegan Theresa H.M.
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) included provisions to extend dependent health care coverage up to the age of 26 years in 2010. The authors examined the early impact of the ACA (before the implementation of insurance exchanges in 2014) on insurance rates in young adults with cancer, a historically underinsured group.

METHODS

Using National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data for 18 cancer registries, the authors examined insurance rates before (pre) (January 2007‐September 2010) versus after (post) (October 2010‐December 2012) dependent insurance provisions among young adults aged 18 to 29 years when diagnosed with cancer during 2007 through 2012. Using multivariate generalized mixed effect models, the authors conducted difference‐in‐differences analysis to examine changes in overall and Medicaid insurance after the ACA among young adults who were eligible (those aged 18‐25 years) and ineligible (those aged 26‐29 years) for policy changes.

RESULTS

Among 39,632 young adult cancer survivors, the authors found an increase in overall insurance rates in those aged 18 to 25 years after the dependent provisions (83.5% for pre‐ACA vs 85.4% for post‐ACA; P<.01), but not among individuals aged 26 to 29 years (83.4% for pre‐ACA vs 82.9% for post‐ACA; P = .38). After adjusting for patient sociodemographics and cancer characteristics, the authors found that those aged 18 to 25 years had a 3.1% increase in being insured compared with individuals aged 26 to 29 years (P<.01); however, there were no significant changes noted in Medicaid enrollment (P = .17).

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of the current study identify an increase in insurance rates for young adults aged 18 to 25 years compared with those aged 26 to 29 years (1.9% vs ‐0.5%) that was not due to increases in Medicaid enrollment, thereby demonstrating a positive impact of the ACA dependent care provisions on insurance rates in this population. Cancer 2016;122:1766‐73. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Pinning sampled‐data synchronization of complex dynamical networks with Markovian jumping and mixed delays using multiple integral approach
Authors: Sivaranjani K. , Rakkiyappan R.
Published: March 2016

This study deals with the pinning synchronization problem for complex dynamical networks (CDNs) with Markovian jumping parameters and mixed delays under sampled‐data control technique. The mixed delays cover both discrete and distributed delays. The Markovian jumping parameters are modeled as a continuous‐time, finite‐state Markov chain. The sufficient conditions for asymptotic synchronization of considered networks are obtained by utilizing novel Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional and multiple integral approach. The obtained criteria is formulated in terms of LMIs, which can be checked for feasibility by making use of available softwares. Lastly, numerical simulation results are presented to validate the advantage of the propound theoretical results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 622–632, 2016
rFRET: A comprehensive, Matlab‐based program for analyzing intensity‐based ratiometric microscopic FRET experiments
Authors: Nagy Peter , Szabó Ágnes , Váradi Tímea , Kovács Tamás , Batta Gyula , Szöllősi János
Published: March 2016

Fluorescence or Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) remains one of the most widely used methods for assessing protein clustering and conformation. Although it is a method with solid physical foundations, many applications of FRET fall short of providing quantitative results due to inappropriate calibration and controls. This shortcoming is especially valid for microscopy where currently available tools have limited or no capability at all to display parameter distributions or to perform gating. Since users of multiparameter flow cytometry usually apply these tools, the absence of these features in applications developed for microscopic FRET analysis is a significant limitation. Therefore, we developed a graphical user interface‐controlled Matlab application for the evaluation of ratiometric, intensity‐based microscopic FRET measurements. The program can calculate all the necessary overspill and spectroscopic correction factors and the FRET efficiency and it displays the results on histograms and dot plots. Gating on plots and mask images can be used to limit the calculation to certain parts of the image. It is an important feature of the program that the calculated parameters can be determined by regression methods, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and from summed intensities in addition to pixel‐by‐pixel evaluation. The confidence interval of calculated parameters can be estimated using parameter simulations if the approximate average number of detected photons is known. The program is not only user‐friendly, but it provides rich output, it gives the user freedom to choose from different calculation modes and it gives insight into the reliability and distribution of the calculated parameters. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Cognitive radio network with continuous energy‐harvesting
Authors: Bhowmick Abhijit , Roy Sanjay Dhar , Kundu Sumit
Published: March 2016

In this paper, the performance of a cooperative cognitive radio (CR) network is investigated under continuous energy harvesting scenario. A CR node harvests energy from both the sources: non‐radio frequency (RF) signal (ambient sources) or from RF signal (primary user signal). It harvests from non‐RF signal during sensing time of its detection cycle, and from both the sources, RF signal and non‐RF signal, during transmission time as per sensing decision. Several novel analytical expressions are developed to indicate the harvested energy, energy reward, energy cost in a detection frame, and throughput. The performance of the CR network is investigated to maximize the throughput considering energy causality constraints and collision constraints. Analytical results are validated through extensive simulation results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adolescent experience affects postnatal ultrasonic vocalizations and gene expression in future offspring
Authors: Bodi Caroline M. , Vassoler Fair M. , Byrnes Elizabeth M.
Published: March 2016

The present study measured postnatal ultrasonic vocalization (USV) and gene expression to examine potential changes in communication and/or attachment in the offspring of mothers exposed to morphine during adolescence. Offspring of morphine‐exposed (Mor‐F1), saline‐exposed (Sal‐F1), or non‐handled control (Con‐F1) female Sprague–Dawley rats were tested for separation‐induced distress calls and maternal potentiation of distress calls during early postnatal development. We also examined relative expression of dopamine D2 receptor and mu opioid receptor (oprm1) mRNA in the nucleus accumbens and hypothalamus in these offspring, as their activity has been implicated in the regulation of postnatal USV in response to maternal separation. The findings indicate that adolescent experiences of future mothers, including their 10 daily saline or morphine injections, can result in significant region‐specific differences in gene expression. In addition, these experiences resulted in fewer numbers of separation‐induced distress calls produced by offspring. In contrast, augmented maternal potentiation was only observed in Mor‐F1 offspring. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58:714–723, 2016.
The phylogeography of Fagus hayatae (Fagaceae): genetic isolation among populations
Authors: Ying Ling‐Xiao , Zhang Ting‐Ting , Chiu Ching‐An , Chen Tze‐Ying , Luo Shu‐Jin , Chen Xiao‐Yong , Shen Ze‐Hao
Published: March 2016

The beech species Fagus hayatae is an important relict tree species in subtropical China, whose biogeographical patterns may reflect floral responses to climate change in this region during the Quaternary. Previous studies have revealed phylogeography for three of the four Fagus species in China, but study on F. hayatae, the most sparsely distributed of these species, is still lacking. Here, molecular methods based on eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci of nuclear DNA (nDNA) and three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences were applied for analyses of genetic diversity and structure in 375 samples from 14 F. hayatae populations across its whole range. Both nDNA and cpDNA indicated a high level of genetic diversity in this species. Significant fixation indexes and departures from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, with a genetic differentiation parameter of Rst of 0.233, were detected in nDNA SSR loci among populations, especially those on Taiwan Island, indicating strong geographic partitioning. The populations were classified into two clusters, without a prominent signal of isolation‐by‐distance. For the 15 haplotypes detected in the cpDNA sequence fragments, there was a high genetic differentiation parameter (Gst = 0.712) among populations. A high Gst of 0.829 was also detected outside but not within the Sichuan Basin. Consistent with other Fagus species in China, no recent population expansion was detected from tests of neutrality and mismatch distribution analysis. Overall, genetic isolation with limited gene flow was prominent for this species and significant phylogeographic structures existed across its range except for those inside the Sichuan Basin. Our study suggested long‐term geographic isolation in F. hayatae with limited population admixture and the existence of multiple refugia in the mountainous regions of the Sichuan Basin and southeast China during the Quaternary. These results may provide useful information critical for the conservation of F. hayatae and other Chinese beech species.
Sensorless Vector Control of Induction Motors Using Minimum Dimensional Flux D‐State Observer with Instantaneous Speed Estimation
Authors: SHINNAKA SHINJI
Published: March 2016

This paper proposes a new sensorless vector control method for induction motors using a minimum dimensional flux D‐state observer with instantaneous speed estimation. First, the D‐state observer with a new design rule of constant observer gains is established in a different way. Second, a new speed estimator using flux estimates produced by the observer is established on the basis of the fundamental relationship between the rotor flux and the slip frequency. Speed estimates are reused in the observer as feedback. Characteristic analyses and the usefulness of the proposed vector control method are verified by simulations.
Landscape preservation under post‐European settlement alluvium in the south‐eastern Australian tablelands, inferred from portable OSL reader data
Authors: Portenga Eric W. , Bishop Paul , Gore Damian B , Westaway Kira E
Published: March 2016

Human land‐use changes leading to widespread erosion and gully incision have been well studied, but the effects that erosion and sediment mixing, which accompany the deposition of post‐(European) settlement alluvium (PSA), have in valley bottoms and wetlands receive considerably less attention. PSA overlying pre‐disturbance swampy meadow (SM) wetland sediments is commonly exposed along incised stream channel gully walls throughout the south‐eastern Australian Tablelands, providing an ideal setting in which to assess and understand better how PSA deposition affects valley bottoms and the wetland environments that often occupy them. Portable optically stimulated luminescence (pOSL) reader data were measured on bulk sediment samples from SM‐PSA stratigraphies at 16 locations throughout the south‐eastern Australian Tablelands to assess the effects of erosion and sediment mixing at the SM‐PSA boundary. Trends of pOSL data with depth at each profile were used in conjunction with visual profile descriptions to identify the stratigraphic boundary between SM and PSA sediment and to infer the degree of valley bottom erosion and sediment mixing during PSA deposition. At most sites, SM sediments experienced minimal, if any, disturbance during PSA deposition, and we refer to these as non‐eroded sites. Many sites, however, experienced a significant degree of erosion and sediment mixing – eroded sites – often corresponding to visually diffuse sedimentary boundaries between the two stratigraphic units. Our findings demonstrate that SM landscapes in the Tablelands can be preserved with minimal disturbance under PSA at non‐eroded sites and are preserved beneath a mixing zone at all eroded sites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting Systemic Risk with Entropic Indicators
Authors: Gradojevic Nikola , Caric Marko
Published: March 2016

This paper concentrates on quantifying the behavioral aspects of systemic risk by using a novel approach based on entropy. More specifically, we study aggregate market expectations and the predictability of systemic risk before and during the financial crisis in 2008. Two underlying signals for estimating entropic risk measures are considered: (i) skewness premium of deepest out‐of‐the‐money options; and (ii) implied volatility ratio in regard to deepest out‐of‐the‐money options. The findings confirm the predictive and contemporaneous usefulness of our entropy setting in market risk management. The degree of predictability is closely linked to both the type of entropy and the nature of the underlying signal. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grid‐Interactive Water Heaters for Energy Storage
Authors: Murphy Kelly
Published: March 2016

The US electric grid system is composed of four primary components: (1) large centralized power plants; (2) a backbone, high‐voltage transmission network; (3) a “stepped down” subtransmission leg, and (4) distribution, the final leg that delivers electricity to end‐users.
Order 745 Revisited, Upheld
Authors: DeCotis Paul A.
Published: March 2016

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Order 745, Demand Response Compensation in Organized Wholesale Energy Markets, issued March 15, 2011, amended FERC regulations under the Federal Power Act. The order was to ensure that when demand‐response resources are made available as an alternative to generation resources, they be paid the same prevailing locational marginal price (LMP).
El Niño's Uneven Disruption of World's Electricity Systems
Authors: Makholm Jeff D.
Published: March 2016

In a recent column in this journal, I discussed how in the early to middle nineteenth century Napoleon and Bismarck contributed to Europe's lack of any shale gas development compared to the shale boom in North America.1 But that is rather recent business compared to those seventeenth‐century fishermen off the coast of South America who noticed unusually warm waters that tended to occur every few years around Christmas—labelling the phenomenon El Niño.
The Ethics of Infection Challenges in Primates
Authors: Barnhill Anne , Joffe Steven , Miller Franklin G.
Published: March 2016

In the midst of the recent Ebola outbreak, scientific developments involving infection challenge experiments on nonhuman primates (NHPs) sparked hope that successful treatments and vaccines may soon become available. Yet these studies pose a stark ethical quandary. On the one hand, they represent an important step in developing novel therapies and vaccines for Ebola and the Marburg virus, with the potential to save thousands of human lives and to protect whole communities from devastation; on the other hand, they intentionally expose sophisticated animals to severe suffering and a high risk of death. Other studies that infect NHPs with a lethal disease in order to test interventions that may prove beneficial for humans pose the same ethical difficulty. Some advocates have argued that all research on primates should be phased out, and ethicists have questioned whether a moral justification of primate research is possible. A 2010 European Union directive banned virtually all research on great apes, and 2013 guidelines from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), based upon recommendations in an influential 2011 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, eliminated most biomedical research with chimpanzees in the United States. But studies involving other NHPs face no comparable restrictions.

Should research on NHPs other than great apes be subject to tighter restrictions than it currently is? In this article, we explore this general question in the context of one particular type of biomedical research: infection challenge studies. We advocate a presumptive prohibition on infection challenge experiments in NHPs, but we also argue that exceptions to this prohibition are permissible, subject to strict substantive and procedural safeguards, when necessary to avert substantial loss of human life or severe morbidity for a substantial number of people.
Human papillomavirus integration pattern and demographic, clinical, and survival characteristics of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lim Ming Yann , Dahlstrom Kristina R. , Sturgis Erich M. , Li Guojun
Published: March 2016

Background

In human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), reported rates of HPV integration into the host genome vary. Among patients with oropharyngeal SCC, we determined differences in demographic, clinical, and survival characteristics between those with integrated and episomal HPV.

Methods

The analysis included patients with newly diagnosed oropharyngeal SCC presenting to one institution during 1996 to 2011. HPV‐positive samples were classified according to HPV physical state as integrated, episomal, or mixed. Overall, progression‐free, and disease‐specific survival, distant metastasis rate, and second primary malignancy rate were calculated.

Results

Among 307 patients, 179 had HPV‐positive tumors. Of these, 22 (12%) had episomal, 42 (24%) had integrated, and 115 (64%) had mixed HPV. Among the 3 subgroups, there were no significant differences in demographic, clinical, or survival characteristics.

Conclusion

The majority of HPV‐positive oropharyngeal SCCs have either integrated or both episomal and integrated HPV with no significant differences in survival among the groups. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:1139–1144, 2016
Analysis on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Constant‐Temperature Heat Pipe in Waste Heat Utilization for Semi‐Coke
Authors: Zhang Junxia , Liu Xiaofeng
Published: March 2016

In the coal chemical industry, an internal heating retort furnace is applied to the processing of low‐temperature coal pyrolysis so as to produce semi‐coke. Because the cooling water is used to reduce the temperature of semi‐coke from 500 °C to 60 °C, the waste heat carried by the semi‐coke is released. Meanwhile, the waste water of higher temperature involved with the hazardous substances is discharged into rivers or lakes, causing serious environmental pollution. In the present work, a constant temperature heat pipe is used to recover the waste heat. An iterative method is adopted to numerically solve the thermal resistances and the overall heat transfer coefficients. Results show that the conductivity thermal resistance decreases as the tube diameter increases. In the heating section, the main factors affecting the heat transfer are the thermal resistances of both the radiation heat transfer and the convective heat transfer. As the pressure climbs, the thermal resistance of radiation heat transfer increases, while the thermal resistance of convective heat transfer decreases. In addition, the overall heat transfer coefficients increase with the pressure. The heat transfer efficiency of the heat pipe is about 30%, and a higher economic benefit can be obtained.
Validation of the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale definition of response for adults with major depressive disorder using equipercentile linking to Clinical Global Impression scale ratings: analysis of Pharmacogenomic Research Network Antidepressant Medication Pharmacogenomic Study (PGRN‐AMPS) data
Authors: Bobo William V. , Angleró Gabriela C. , Jenkins Gregory , Hall‐Flavin Daniel K. , Weinshilboum Richard , Biernacka Joanna M.
Published: March 2016

Objective

The study aimed to define thresholds of clinically significant change in 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS‐17) scores using the Clinical Global Impression‐Improvement (CGI‐I) Scale as a gold standard.

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of individual patient data from the Pharmacogenomic Research Network Antidepressant Medication Pharmacogenomic Study, an 8‐week, single‐arm clinical trial of citalopram or escitalopram treatment of adults with major depression. We used equipercentile linking to identify levels of absolute and percent change in HDRS‐17 scores that equated with scores on the CGI‐I at 4 and 8 weeks. Additional analyses equated changes in the HDRS‐7 and Bech‐6 scale scores with CGI‐I scores.

Results

A CGI‐I score of 2 (much improved) corresponded to an absolute decrease (improvement) in HDRS‐17 total score of 11 points and a percent decrease of 50–57%, from baseline values. Similar results were observed for percent change in HDRS‐7 and Bech‐6 scores. Larger absolute (but not percent) decreases in HDRS‐17 scores equated with CGI‐I scores of 2 in persons with higher baseline depression severity.

Conclusions

Our results support the consensus definition of response based on HDRS‐17 scores (>50% decrease from baseline). A similar definition of response may apply to the HDRS‐7 and Bech‐6. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to Identify and Forecast Bull and Bear Markets?
Authors: Kole Erik , van Dijk Dick
Published: March 2016

Because the state of the equity market is latent, several methods have been proposed to identify past and current states of the market and forecast future ones. These methods encompass semi‐parametric rule‐based methods and parametric Markov switching models. We compare the mean‐variance utilities that result when a risk‐averse agent uses the predictions of the different methods in an investment decision. Our application of this framework to the S&P 500 shows that rule‐based methods are preferable for (in‐sample) identification of the state of the market, but Markov switching models for (out‐of‐sample) forecasting. In‐sample, only the mean return of the market index matters, which rule‐based methods exactly capture. Because Markov switching models use both the mean and the variance to infer the state, they produce superior forecasts and lead to significantly better out‐of‐sample performance than rule‐based methods. We conclude that the variance is a crucial ingredient for forecasting the market state. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The neurotoxicity of DE‐71: effects on neural development and impairment of serotonergic signaling in zebrafish larvae
Authors: Wang Xianfeng , Yang Lihua , Wang Qiangwei , Guo Yongyong , Li Na , Ma Mei , Zhou Bingsheng
Published: March 2016

The underlying mechanism of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE)‐induced neurotoxicity is still a major concern due to its ubiquitous nature and persistence. Here, zebrafish embryos (2 h postfertilization, hpf) were exposed to different concentrations of the commercial PBDE mixture DE‐71 (0–100 µg l–1) until 120 hpf, and the impact on neural development and serotonergic system was investigated. The in vivo results revealed significantly reduced transcription of genes involved in neurogenesis (fgf8, shha, wnt1), and contents of proteins in neuronal morphogenesis (myelin basic protein, synapsin IIa), suggesting an impairment of neural development in zebrafish embryos. Further results demonstrated a reduction of 5‐hydroxytryptamine neuron and a dose‐dependent decrease of whole‐body serotonin levels, as well as the transcription of genes involved in serotonergic synthesis (tph1, tph2, trhr) and neurotransmission (serta/b, htr1aa/b). In addition, we predicted possible targets of PBDEs by molecular docking, and the results indicated that PBDE congeners showed high binding affinities with fibroblast growth factor 8 other than SHH and HTR1B. Taken together, this study demonstrated that PBDE exposure during embryogenesis could damage neural development and cause impairment of the serotonergic system as secondary effects in the zebrafish larvae. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the quantitative accuracy of cerebral oxygen saturation in monitoring the injured brain using atlas based Near Infrared Spectroscopy models
Authors: Clancy Michael , Belli Antonio , Davies David , Lucas Samuel J. E. , Su Zhangjie , Dehghani Hamid
Published: March 2016

The application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) for the monitoring of the cerebral oxygen saturation within the brain is well established, albeit using temporal data that can only measure relative changes of oxygenation state of the brain from a baseline. The focus of this investigation is to demonstrate that hybridisation of existing near infrared probe designs and reconstruction techniques can pave the way to produce a system and methods that can be used to monitor the absolute oxygen saturation in the injured brain. Using registered Atlas models in simulation, a novel method is outlined by which the quantitative accuracy and practicality of NIRS for specific use in monitoring the injured brain, can be improved, with cerebral saturation being recovered to within 10.1 ± 1.8% of the expected values.

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Early tissue formation on whole‐area osteochondral defect of rabbit patella by covering with fibroin sponge
Authors: Hirakata Eiichi , Tomita Naohide , Tamada Yasushi , Suguro Toru , Nakajima Masaaki , Kambe Yusuke , Yamada Keisuke , Yamamoto Koji , Kawakami Masahiro , Otaka Akihisa , Okumura Hideo , Suzuki Shigehiko
Published: March 2016

Large osteochondral defects have been difficult to repair via tissue engineering treatments due to the lack of a sufficient number of source cells for repairing the defect and to the severe mechanical stresses affecting the replacement tissue. In the present study, whole‐area osteochondral defects of rabbit patella were covered and wrapped with a fibroin sponge containing chondrocytes, with or without Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) transgenic marking, on the surface facing the osteochondral defect. Five of eight osteochondral defects that were covered with the chondrocyte‐seeded fibroin sponges showed hyaline cartilage‐like repair containing no fibroin fragments at 6 weeks after surgery. The repaired tissue showed a layer formation, which showed intensive safranin‐O and toluidine blue staining, and which showed positive type II collagen immunostaining. The average surface coverage of the repaired cartilage was 53%. On average, 48% of the cells in the repaired tissue were derived from GFP transgenic chondrocytes, which had been seeded in the fibroin sponge. The fibroin‐sponge covering had the potential to allow the early repair of large osteochondral defects. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1474–1482, 2016.
Choice in transition: Replication and extension to preschool children in a naturalistic setting
Authors: Martens Brian K. , Lambert Tonya L. , Sullivan William E. , Magnuson Jennifer D. , Morley Allison J. , Sallade Samantha J. , Baxter Emily L.
Published: March 2016

This study replicated previous basic research into the dynamics of choice and extended this analysis to children's behavior in a naturalistic setting. Two preschoolers with disabilities were observed interacting with their teachers at baseline and during an experimental analysis involving four pairs of concurrent variable‐interval schedules of adult attention implemented by an experimenter. Each child was exposed to four experimental phases in which the relative reinforcer rates for on‐ and off‐task behavior were 10:1, 1:1, 1:10, and reversed back to 10:1. The 10:1 phase was designed to mimic the same schedules and types of adult attention observed at baseline. We used the generalized matching equation to model steady‐state behavior at the end of the transition phases and to evaluate changes in sensitivity at various points throughout the phases. Choice in transition was evaluated by plotting log behavior ratios by session, cumulated time on‐ and off‐task and cumulated attention for on‐ and off‐task behavior by session, and interreinforcer behavior ratios following different sequences of the first four reinforcer deliveries. The generalized matching equation accounted for a large proportion of variance in steady‐state responding, sensitivity values increased steadily throughout the phases, patterns of choice in transition were similar to those reported in basic research, and interreinforcer preference generally shifted toward the just‐reinforced alternative. These findings are consistent with previous basic research and support the generality of the dynamics of choice to children's on‐ and off‐task behavior reinforced by adult attention.
A procedure for the extraction of a nonlinear microwave GaN FET model
Authors: Avolio Gustavo , Vadalà Valeria , Angelov Iltcho , Raffo Antonio , Marchetti Mauro , Vannini Giorgio , Schreurs Dominique
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we describe an extraction procedure of nonlinear models for microwave field‐effect transistor (FET). We use a nonlinear model available in commercial CAD tools, and we extract the parameters by combining direct extraction and numerical optimization. We determine a first estimate of the model parameters by few DC and S‐parameter measurements. Next, we refine the parameters by optimization against low‐frequency and high‐frequency vector‐calibrated large‐signal measurements gathered with a Large‐Signal‐Network Analyzer (LSNA). As case study we consider a 0.25 × 200 µm2 GaN FET on SiC for power amplifier applications. Ultimately, we want to show that a good accuracy level can be achieved while minimizing the extraction effort and that an accurate model can be built and suitably tailored depending on the final application. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emotional appeal in recruitment advertising and applicant attraction: Unpacking national cultural differences
Authors: Han Jing , Ling Juan
Published: March 2016

We investigated the impact of the type of emotional appeal (ego‐focused vs. other‐focused) used in recruiting advertisements on applicant attraction to firms through two experimental studies across three countries (the United States, China, and Singapore). In Study 1, we made a traditional cultural comparison between the United States and China, whose dominant cultural values are characterized by individualism and collectivism, respectively. We found applicants in the United States were more strongly attracted to firms whose recruiting advertisements were based on an ego‐focused emotional appeal, while applicants in China were more attracted to firms that used ads with an other‐focused emotional appeal. Study 2 was conducted in bicultural Singapore. We primed bicultural applicants to be either the individualistic or collectivistic aspect of their cultural heritage. Applicants with individualist priming were attracted to recruiting advertisements with an ego‐focused emotional appeal, whereas applicants with collectivist priming were attracted to advertisements with an other‐focused emotional appeal. In addition, both studies revealed that a job applicant's regulatory focus (promotion vs. prevention) mediated the influence of national culture on the relationship between type of emotional appeal and applicant attraction to firms. Practical implications and suggestions for future research also are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Navigating uneven terrain: The roles of political skill and LMX differentiation in prediction of work relationship quality and work outcomes
Authors: Epitropaki Olga , Kapoutsis Ilias , Ellen B. Parker , Ferris Gerald R. , Drivas Konstantinos , Ntotsi Anastasia
Published: March 2016

Drawing from social/political influence, leader–member exchange (LMX), and social comparison theories, the present two‐study investigation examines three levels of LMX differentiation (i.e., individual‐level, meso‐level, and group‐level LMX differentiation) and further tests a model of the joint effects of political skill and LMX differentiation on LMX, relative LMX, and employee work outcomes. In Study 1, we used data from 231 employees and found support for the interactive effect of political skill and individual perceptions of LMX differentiation on LMX quality. We also found partial support for the moderating role of individual‐level LMX differentiation on the indirect effects of political skill on self‐rated task performance and job satisfaction via LMX. In Study 2, we used data from 185 supervisor–subordinate dyads and examined both meso‐level and group‐level LMX differentiation via a multilevel moderated mediation model. Results supported the moderating role of group‐level LMX differentiation and group mean LMX on the indirect effects of political skill on supervisor‐rated task performance and contextual performance/citizenship behavior as well as job satisfaction via relative LMX. Overall, the results suggest that politically skilled employees reap the benefits of LMX differentiation, as they enjoy higher absolute LMX and relative (i.e., to their peers) LMX quality. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loading rates during walking in adolescents with type II osteonecrosis secondary to pelvic osteotomy
Authors: Wang Ting‐Ming , Wu Kuan‐Wen , Chen Ching‐Ru , Hong Shih‐Wun , Lu Tung‐Wu , Kuo Ken N. , Huang Shier‐Chieg
Published: March 2016

Although Pemberton osteotomy has shown a high success rate even in older children, the occurrence of osteonecrosis (ON) remains one of the most severe complications, leading to premature osteoarthritis. Patients with type II ON are characterized by a valgus deformity of the proximal femur with altered musculoskeletal conditions, affecting the ability to attenuate or sustain the impulsive loading from the ground reaction force. It remains unclear whether these conditions also predispose these patients to harmful impulsive loadings. This study aimed to bridge the gap by measuring the loading rates in the lower limbs during level walking in adolescents who were treated during their infancy for unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip by a pelvic osteotomy, with or without having developed type II ON. Patients with type II ON were found to display increased loading rates, not only at both the affected and unaffected hip, but also at other joints of the affected limb during level walking when compared to patients without ON changes (p < 0.05). These results suggest that patients with type II ON may be at a higher risk of developing premature hip osteoarthritis that is closely related to abnormal loading rates during gait. It is suggested that regular monitoring of joint loading rates in patients with type II ON is necessary for early identification of damaging loadings, and that early intervention aimed at reducing these loadings should be considered. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:2199–2206, 2016.
The Rhetoric of Gaydar Research: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Heitner Keri L. , Muenks Eric E. , Sherman Kenneth C.
Published: March 2016

As dozens of countries around the world actively enforce antigay legislation or conduct antigay crackdowns, interest grows about research on “gaydar,” using nonverbal behavior to identify sexual orientation. Identifying sexual orientation based on perceptual cues is replete with social implications. Empirical evidence may add more fuel to the fire of hatred, discrimination, and punishment based on sexual orientation. This article addresses the highly charged debate on the ethics of research on identifying in‐group and out‐of‐group membership in an increasingly polarized world of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) rights through critical discourse analysis (CDA) of text appearing on a public Internet discussion board in response to gaydar research. Analysis at the macro level placed the narrative in the broader social context. Analysis at the meso level focused on logistics and audience. The micro level of analysis revealed language used to convey thoughts and beliefs about gaydar research and its implications.
The Development of Entrepreneurship in the European Transition Countries: Is Transition Complete?
Authors: Szerb László , Trumbull William N.
Published: March 2016

Although transition is over, Central and Eastern European countries still lag behind Western economies in terms of cultural support to business creation, which is vital for the development of a healthy entrepreneurship‐based society.
Interregional Integration of Entrepreneurial Activity in Spain
Authors: Coduras Alicia , Cuervo‐Arango Carlos , Saiz‐Álvarez José Manuel
Published: March 2016

The spatial configuration of entrepreneurship in Spain is heterogeneous and quality entrepreneurship is generated in ‘creative’ regions characterized by high levels of human capital, internationalization, and exposure to enhanced managerial practices.
Suitable additives for vegetable oil‐based automotive shock absorber fluids: an overview
Authors: Bongfa Binfa , Syahrullail S. , Abdul Hamid M. K. , Samin P. M.
Published: March 2016

Formulation of a cost‐effective, high‐performance and eco‐friendly lubricant, largely depends on the base oil quality, then the selection of suitable additives and their proportions. Vegetable oils, identified to be eco‐friendly, renewable, future‐available and cost‐effective treasures for lubricant formulation, apart from processing, will rely much on suitable additives to meet the performance requirements for automotive shock absorber (ASA) fluids. Additives that will guarantee performance, longevity and eco‐friendliness of formulated vegetable‐based functional fluids have to be uncommonly effective, resistant to depletion, non‐toxic and highly biodegradable. Their selection in these regards will require skills and experience, which will harness the various arms of synergism as effective tools to succour the known weaknesses of the base oil. This is a review on additives that could be used in formulation of vegetable oil‐based (ASA) fluids. The outcome shows that there are customary and novel additives that are suitable for formulating vegetable oil‐based ASA fluids. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heat kernel estimates for the Bessel differential operator in half‐line
Authors: Bogus Kamil , Małecki Jacek
Published: March 2016

In the paper we consider the Bessel differential operator in half‐line , , and its Dirichlet heat kernel . For , by combining analytical and probabilistic methods, we provide sharp two‐sided estimates of the heat kernel for the whole range of the space parameters and every , which complements the recent results given in , where the case was considered.
Quaternary Polymer Electrolytes Containing an Ionic Liquid and a Ceramic Filler
Authors: Sharova Varvara , Kim Guk‐Tae , Giffin Guinevere A. , Lex‐Balducci Alexandra , Passerini Stefano
Published: March 2016

In this work, the individual and combined effects of an ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and ceramic filler silicon dioxide on the thermal and electrochemical properties of poly(ethylene oxide) electrolytes have been investigated. The electrolyte containing both components has the lowest glass transition (−60 °C) and melting temperatures (27 °C), the highest conductivity at any investigated temperature, and the highest limiting current density (at 40 °C). This solid polymer electrolyte also exhibits the best long‐term cycling performance in Li/LiFePO4 cells.

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