bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using UK Biobank data to establish population-specific atlases from whole body MRI
Authors: Starck Sophie , Sideri-Lampretsa Vasiliki , Ritter Jessica J. M. , Zimmer Veronika A. , Braren Rickmer , Mueller Tamara T. , Rueckert Daniel
Published: November 2024

Background

Reliable reference data in medical imaging is largely unavailable. Developing tools that allow for the comparison of individual patient data to reference data has a high potential to improve diagnostic imaging. Population atlases are a commonly used tool in medical imaging to facilitate this. Constructing such atlases becomes particularly challenging when working with highly heterogeneous datasets, such as whole-body images, which contain significant anatomical variations.

Method

In this work, we propose a pipeline for generating a standardised whole-body atlas for a highly heterogeneous population by partitioning the population into anatomically meaningful subgroups. Using magnetic resonance images from the UK Biobank dataset, we create six whole-body atlases representing a healthy population average. We furthermore unbias them, and this way obtain a realistic representation of the population. In addition to the anatomical atlases, we generate probabilistic atlases that capture the distributions of abdominal fat (visceral and subcutaneous) and five abdominal organs across the population (liver, spleen, pancreas, left and right kidneys).

Results

Our pipeline effectively generates high-quality, realistic whole-body atlases with clinical applicability. The probabilistic atlases show differences in fat distribution between subjects with medical conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and healthy subjects in the atlas space.

Conclusions

With this work, we make the constructed anatomical and label atlases publically available, with the expectation that they will support medical research involving whole-body MR images.
ZBTB48 is a priming factor regulating B-cell-specific CIITA expression
Authors: Rane Grishma , Kuan Vivian L S , Wang Suman , Mok Michelle Meng Huang , Khanchandani Vartika , Hansen Julia , Norvaisaite Ieva , Zulkaflee Naasyidah , Yong Wai Khang , Jahn Arne , Mukundan Vineeth T , Shi Yunyu , Osato Motomi , Li Fudong , Kappei Dennis
Published: November 2024

The class-II transactivator (CIITA) is the master regulator of MHC class-II gene expression and hence the adaptive immune response. Three cell type-specific promoters (pI, pIII, and pIV) are involved in the regulation of CIITA expression, which can be induced by IFN-γ in non-immune cells. While key regulatory elements have been identified within these promoters, our understanding of the transcription factors regulating CIITA expression is incomplete. Here, we demonstrate that the telomere-binding protein and transcriptional activator ZBTB48 directly binds to both critical activating elements within the B-cell-specific promoter CIITA pIII. ZBTB48 knockout impedes the CIITA/MHC-II expression program induced in non-APC cells by IFN-γ, and loss of ZBTB48 in mice silences MHC-II expression in pro-B and immature B cells. Transcriptional regulation of CIITA by ZBTB48 is enabled by ZBTB48-dependent chromatin opening at CIITA pIII upstream of activating H3K4me3 marks. We conclude that ZBTB48 primes CIITA pIII by acting as a molecular on-off-switch for B-cell-specific CIITA expression.
KMT5C leverages disorder to optimize cooperation with HP1 for heterochromatin retention
Authors: Knechtel Justin W , Strickfaden Hilmar , Missiaen Kristal , Hadfield Joanne D , Hendzel Michael J , Underhill D Alan
Published: November 2024

A defining feature of constitutive heterochromatin compartments is the heterochromatin protein-1 (HP1) family, whose members display fast internal mobility and rapid exchange with the surrounding nucleoplasm. Here, we describe a paradoxical state for the lysine methyltransferase KMT5C characterized by rapid internal diffusion but minimal nucleoplasmic exchange. This retentive behavior is conferred by sparse sequence features that constitute two modules tethered by an intrinsically disordered linker. While both modules harbor variant HP1 interaction motifs, the first comprises adjacent sequences that increase affinity using avidity. The second motif increases HP1 effective concentration to further enhance affinity in a context-dependent manner, which is evident using distinct heterochromatin recruitment strategies and heterologous linkers with defined conformational ensembles. Despite the linker sequence being highly divergent, it is under evolutionary constraint for functional length, suggesting conformational buffering can support cooperativity between modules across distant orthologs. Overall, we show that KMT5C has evolved a robust tethering strategy that uses minimal sequence determinants to harness highly dynamic HP1 proteins for retention within heterochromatin compartments.
Optimising Shifted Excitation Raman Difference Spectroscopy (SERDS) for application in highly fluorescent biological samples, using fibre optic probes
Authors: Sheridan H. , Dudgeon A. P. , Day J. C. C. , Kendall C. , Hall C. , Stone N.
Published: November 2024

Raman spectra of tissues with shifted excitation to remove unwanted background signals.
Spin probe for dynamics of the internal cluster in endohedral metallofullerenes
Authors: Zhang Yingjian , Wang Taishan
Published: November 2024

The spin probe has been found to be detect the elusive endohedral dynamics of paramagnetic metallofullerenes. The spin in endohedral metallofullerenes exhibits promising applications in quantum sensing and molecular machine technology.
Dual metal organic framework post-synthetic modification; two birds with one stone
Authors: Hunter Sally O. , Nikolich Alexandra , Bryant Macguire R. , Skelton Dayne , Richardson Christopher
Published: November 2024

The first example of dual covalent metal–organic framework post-synthetic modification is reported.
In situ aniline polymerization during NH4V4O10 lattice formation achieves a high-performance hybrid cathode for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Chang , Meng Ziqiao , Cai Yuwu , Wei Chenglong , Xu Jingjing , Chen Yuming , Wang Xinlei , Zhou Jie
Published: November 2024

Using NH4VO3 as both the precursor and oxidizing agent, polyaniline (PANI) is in situ synthesized within NH4V4O10 (NVO) crystal interlayers via a one-step hydrothermal method.
Regulating the work function and surface hydrophobicity of an indium tin oxide electrode for enhanced electrochemiluminescence analysis
Authors: Li Tengyu , Ding Jialian , Wang Yafeng , Su Bin
Published: November 2024

The work function and surface hydrophobicity of an indium tin oxide electrode were regulated by appropriate surface modifications, leading to an enhancement in the electrochemiluminescence intensity up to two orders of magnitude.
On the nature and interplay of Hg⋯O/S spodium bonding and O⋯S chalcogen bonding in one-dimensional phenylmercury(ii) 3-alkoxycyclobutene-1,2-dione-4-thiolate coordination polymers
Authors: Kushwaha Aparna , Srivastava Devyani , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele , Ahmed Sarfaraz , Tiekink Edward R. T. , Kumar Abhinav
Published: November 2024

The supramolecular association in two one-dimensional coordination polymers comprising phenylmercury thiolates is evaluated.
Single layer TlX (X = Cl/Br/I) with a ferroelectric-valley coupling potential for an electrically tunable polarizer
Authors: Liu Hengbo , Li Jia , Tian Jianke , Li Yan , Li Linyang , Li Jun , Liu Guodong
Published: November 2024

Single-layer TlX (X = Cl/Br/I) with a tetragonal lattice structure are potentially valleytronic materials with an electrically controllable valley polarization.
How does the polymer type affect the rate of water evaporation from polymer solutions?
Authors: Tanaka Masahiko , Inasawa Susumu
Published: November 2024

Water evaporation rate decreases more severely when diffusion constant of dissolved polymer is small. Diffusion constants of polymers were obtained in drying aqueous solutions by exploiting differential interference contrast in an optical microscope.
A two-step junction welding technique for achieving high-performance broadband silver nanowire transparent conductive films
Authors: Wang Shengyong , Pan Yongqiang , Wen Shuai , Zhao Jijie , Du Yuxuan , Gao Fei , Li Mengcong , Li Menglin , Liu Huan
Published: November 2024

We have successfully developed a high-performance, wide-spectrum TCFs composed of AgNWs and graphene, which undergoes post-treatment through UV welding.
Tuning the electronic dimensionality and bandgap in Cs2AgBiX6 (X = Br, Cl) for photovoltaic applications: a DFT-1/2 study of cation disorder
Authors: Vadagavi Vinut R. , Jafri R. Imran , Menon Krishnakumar S. R. , Mandal Suman
Published: November 2024

Impact of cation disorder in tuning the electronic dimensionality of Cs2AgBiX6 studied using DFT-1/2 and COHP analysis. A fractional (non-integer) electronic dimensionality concept emerges as a key factor in governing the optoelectronic properties.
Emerging investigator series: Inactivation of antibiotic resistant bacteria and inhibition of horizontal resistance gene transfer is more effective by 222 than 254 nm UV
Authors: Liu Yijing , Hull Natalie M.
Published: November 2024

Disinfection of antibiotic-resistant B. subtilis, damage of its intracellular antibiotic resistance gene (ARG), and prevention of horizontal ARG transfer were greater by 222 than 254 nm, despite similar extracted ARG damage between UV wavelengths.
Solar production of fuels from CO2 with high efficiency and stability via in situ transformation of Bi electrocatalysts
Authors: Cheon Woo Seok , Ji Su Geun , Kim Jaehyun , Choi Sungkyun , Yang Jin Wook , Jun Sang Eon , Kim Changyeon , Bu Jeewon , Park Sohyeon , Lee Tae Hyung , Wang Jinghan , Kim Jae Young , Lee Sol A , Kim Jin Young , Jang Ho Won
Published: November 2024

The sustainable electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide into solar fuels offers a potential pathway to mitigate the impact of greenhouse gas-induced climate change. Activation of BiOI-derived cathodes can lead toward sustainable CO2 conversion.
Green and facile modification of mesoporous activated carbon for selective indium and gallium recovery from waste photovoltaic modules
Authors: Wang Wenxuan , Xu Xinhai , Li Jie , Liu Tao , Wang Hailong , Wang Yin
Published: November 2024

An efficient adsorbent (EPP–PDA@MAC) for critical indium and gallium recovery is developed via novel, green, and facile modification, showing high adsorption ability, remarkable reusability, and practical effectiveness in waste CIGS PV modules.
Green synthesis of poly ε-caprolactone using a metal-free catalyst via non-covalent interactions
Authors: Sagar Shweta , Nath Priyanku , Sunar Shiva Lall , Ray Aranya , Choudhary Mridula , Sarkar Alok , Singh Saurabh K. , Panda Tarun K.
Published: November 2024

The catalytic ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone using (DBTEMDA)Br2 efficiently produces controlled PCLs with precise molecular weight control and recyclable catalytic activity for up to six cycles.
Amorphous conjugated polymer networks as an emerging class of polymer nanostructures
Authors: Oaki Yuya , Sato Kosuke
Published: November 2024

This Perspective focuses on the unique polymerization processes, structures, and properties of amorphous conjugated polymer networks (CPNs) derived from simultaneous and random copolymerization of multiple conjugated monomers.
Nafion membranes for power generation from physiologic ion gradients
Authors: Pierucci Carolina , Paleari Lorenzo , Baker James , Sproncken Christian C. M. , Folkesson Matilde , Wesseler Justus Paul , Vracar Andela , Dodero Andrea , Nanni Francesca , Berrocal José Augusto , Mayer Michael , Ianiro Alessandro
Published: November 2024

Harvesting energy from stomach pH gradients using a reverse electrodialysis system with Nafion membranes. Findings show significant voltage generation and power density, highlighting Nafion's potential to power low-energy biomedical devices.
Peptide-based nanomaterials and their diverse applications
Authors: Das Tarak Nath , Ramesh Aparna , Ghosh Arghya , Moyra Sourav , Maji Tapas Kumar , Ghosh Goutam
Published: November 2024

The supramolecular self-assembly of peptides offers a promising avenue for both materials science and biological applications.
Synthesis, characterization, DNA/protein-binding study and anticancer activity of novel tricarbonyl Re(i) complexes with an ONS donor azo-thioether pincer ligand
Authors: Das Akash , Guha Subhabrata , Halder Arpan , Gharami Saswati , Naskar Rahul , Das Gaurav , Mondal Tapan K.
Published: November 2024

In vitro cytotoxicity of the synthesized Re(i)-carbonyl complexes (1/2) has been explored towards human-breast epithelial adenocarcinoma cell lines (MCF-7) and human breast epithelial cell lines (MCF-10A).
Multispin superatoms: seven-nuclear rhenium clusters with unusual magnetic properties
Authors: Pronin Aleksei S. , Gaifulin Yakov M. , Sukhikh Taisiya S. , Lavrov Alexander N. , Mironov Yuri V.
Published: November 2024

Two seven-nuclear rhenium cluster complexes [{Re3S4(CN)9}{Re4S4}(CN)9]7− and [{Re3Se4(CN)9}{Re4Se4}(CN)9]7− with a new structural type and unique magnetic behavior have been synthesized.
Multiscale engineering of anode catalyst layers in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers
Authors: Liu Qianqian , Wang Yanfei , Liang Xiao , Chen Hui , Zou Xiaoxin
Published: November 2024

This review focuses on the recent progress in improving the performance of PEMWEs by cross-scale optimization of the anode catalytic layer.
Lewis acid-catalyzed regiodivergent N-alkylation of indazoles with donor–acceptor cyclopropanes
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Xiang Yujiao , Zhao Xiangyang , Zhou Xin , Chen Weiliang , Peng Yungui
Published: November 2024

A regiodivergent N-alkylation of indazoles via the nucleophilic ring opening has been described. Under catalysis with Al(OTf)3, kinetic controlled N2-alkyl indazoles were obtained, while Co(NTf2)2 facilitated the formation of N1-alkyl indazoles.
Catalyst-free synthesis of unsymmetrical ureas from COS and amines: a strategy for selectivity regulation
Authors: Cheng Siliu , Du Yunzhe , Jia Huijie , Li Shuyi , Feng Yian , Zhu Ning
Published: November 2024

A novel and mild method has been developed for the highly selective synthesis of unsymmetrical ureas from amines and COS, which features a wide substrate scope. Additionally, the regulation mechanism of selectivity has been explored in detail.
Direct aminosulfonylation of electron-rich (hetero)arenes utilizing tert-butyl chlorosulfonylcarbamate and diisopropylethylamine
Authors: Zhang Xiaofei , Tan Jiangtao , Zhong Yuancheng , Zhuang Zhen , He Qian , Jiang Min , Yang Chunhao
Published: November 2024

Using in situ generated tert-butyl sulfonylcarbamate from tert-butyl chlorosulfonylcarbamate and diisopropylethylamine, a catalyst-free, mild aminosulfonylation of electron-rich (hetero)arenes was reported.
Catalytic enantioselective and site-specific Friedel–Crafts alkylation of 4-aminoindoles with β,γ-alkynyl-α-ketoimines for the synthesis of C7-functionalized indoles
Authors: Yang Lei , Zhang Xue-Man , Liao Juan , Zhang Yan-Ping , Wang Zhen-Hua , You Yong , Zhao Jian-Qiang , Yuan Wei-Cheng
Published: November 2024

CPA-catalyzed asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation of 4-aminoindoles with ketoimines enables the synthesis of chiral C7-functionalized indoles.
Viologen–cycloparaphenylene hybrids: luminescent molecular nanocarbons for anion binding and specific vapor sorption
Authors: Frydrych Rafał , Senthilkumar Kabali , Ślusarek Katarzyna , Waliczek Mateusz , Bury Wojciech , Chmielewski Piotr J. , Cybińska Joanna , Stępień Marcin
Published: November 2024

Viologen-like macrocycles comprising bent oligophenylene loops were synthesized via reductive aromatization and eliminative rearrangement of a common strain-free precursor.
Charging toward sustainability: MgCl2 doped chitosan–dextran polyblend electrolytes for energy storage device applications
Authors: Nayak Pradeep , Ismayil  , Sudhakar Y. N. , Shetty Supriya K.
Published: November 2024

This study introduces a biodegradable SBPE made from dextran, chitosan, and MgCl2, suitable for Mg-ion batteries and EDLCs. It exhibits excellent ionic conductivity with XRD, and dielectric analysis highlighting ion-polyblend interactions.
Discrimination of mongoose hair from domestic cattle hair, human hair, and synthetic fiber using FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric analysis: a rapid, cost-effective, and field-deployable tool for wildlife forensics
Authors: Jose Shinta Ann , Thiyagarajan Kalaiyarasan Boopathy , Baskar Chanthini , Singh Rajinder , Vasanthakumari Dhayanithi , Udhayan A.
Published: November 2024

FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics analysis has been established to identify hair from mongoose.
Peanut shell-derived activated carbon incorporated with nitrogen anode and cobalt cathode materials (“two-in-one” strategy) for asymmetric supercapacitor (N-PAC//PVA-KOH//Co-PAC) applications
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Esakkimuthu , Ravi Amos , Ganesan Vigneshkumar , Narayanan Vimalasruthi , Vellaisamy Kannan , Pandikannan Sowmiapratha , Balakrishnan Suganya Bharathi , Thambusamy Stalin
Published: November 2024

Supercapacitors have received more attraction in energy storage technology owing to their low cost, high capacity, and good stability.
Dual-network bacterial cellulose-based separators with high wet strength and a dual ion transport mechanism for uniform lithium deposition
Authors: Cheng Chen , Yang Rendang , Wang Yang , Guo Xiaohui , Sheng Jie
Published: November 2024

The double network significantly optimizes Li+ transport through the synergistic effect of pore transport within the double network and polymer coordination mechanism, ensuring uniform deposition on the surface of the lithium metal anode.
Co-MOF-derived core–shell CoP@Co3O4 nanoparticle loaded N-doped graphene: an efficient catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Meng Xian-Chen , Luan Jian , Liu Yi , Sheng Yu-Shu , Guo Fu-Yu , Zheng Peng , Duan Wen-Long , Li Wen-Ze
Published: November 2024

An N-doped graphene-supported CoP@Co3O4 core–shell structure was prepared by a simple one-step pyrolysis of a novel Co-MOF. The active nanoparticles embedded in the graphene layer ensure high conductivity and stability of the catalyst.
Hemozoin anchored MWCNTs for mediated reduction of hydrogen peroxide and real-time intracellular oxidative stress monitoring in colon cancer cells
Authors: Srinivas Sakthivel , Sekar Mouliganesh , Thirumurugan Kavitha , Senthil Kumar Annamalai
Published: November 2024

Hemozoin (HZ, a malarial pigment) is an insoluble crystalline byproduct formed during the intraerythrocytic breakdown of hemoglobin by some blood-feeding parasites, such as Plasmodium falciparum.
Intense fluorescence of air-stable sodium diarylformamidinate: effective control with a novel electron-withdrawing 4-cyano-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group
Authors: Michigami Kenichi , Kawakami Daiki , Ueda Ichiro , Ito Shunya , Ogaki Takuya , Ikeda Hiroshi , Ohashi Masato
Published: November 2024

4-Cyano-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl N-substituents significantly enhanced stability toward air and fluorescence of formamidinate salts (Φ up to 91%). DFT studies suggested the locally excited state derived emission from the amidinate anions.
Unexpected piezoelectric properties of electrospun polyimide nanofibers for application in an extreme environment
Authors: Huang Liangkang , Li Jianwei , Chen Shuting , Zhang Bilin , Li Shengping , Fan Wei , Zhao Qiangli , Wang Xuman
Published: November 2024

The piezoelectric properties of FPI nanofibers were first discovered. This makes it a potential material for manufacturing wearable flexible electronic devices in extreme environments.
Stimuli-chromic multi-component smart organic materials
Authors: Zhou Qian , Zhang Xiaomin , Ning Lijian , Song Yuhui , Wang Yanli , Feng Jinkun , Gong Qiuyu , Huang Yinjuan
Published: November 2024

This review summarized the latest developments in multi-component stimuli-chromic organic materials, including design strategies, mechanisms, and applications as well as the current achievements, limitations, key challenges, and future prospects.
On the function of TRAP substrate-binding proteins: the isethionate-specific binding protein IseP
Authors: Newton-Vesty Michael C. , Currie Michael J. , Davies James S. , Panjikar Santosh , Sethi Ashish , Whitten Andrew E. , Tillett Zachary D. , Wood David M. , Wright Joshua D. , Love Michael J. , Allison Timothy M. , Jamieson Sam A. , Mace Peter D. , North Rachel A. , Dobson Renwick C.J.
Published: November 2024

Bacteria evolve mechanisms to compete for limited resources and survive in new niches. Here we study the mechanism of isethionate import from the sulfate-reducing bacterium Oleidesulfovibrio alaskensis. The catabolism of isethionate by Desulfovibrio species has been implicated in human disease, due to hydrogen sulfide production, and has potential for industrial applications. O. alaskensis employs a tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporter (OaIsePQM) to import isethionate, which relies on the substrate-binding protein (OaIseP) to scavenge isethionate and deliver it to the membrane transporter component (OaIseQM) for import into the cell. We determined the binding affinity of isethionate to OaIseP by isothermal titration calorimetry, KD = 0.95 µM (68% CI = 0.6–1.4 µM), which is weaker compared with other TRAP substrate-binding proteins. The X-ray crystal structures of OaIseP in the ligand-free and isethionate-bound forms were obtained and showed that in the presence of isethionate, OaIseP adopts a closed conformation whereby two domains of the protein fold over the substrate. We serendipitously discovered two crystal forms with sulfonate-containing buffers (HEPES and MES) bound in the isethionate-binding site. However, these do not evoke domain closure, presumably because of the larger ligand size. Together, our data elucidate the molecular details of how a TRAP substrate-binding protein binds a sulfonate-containing substrate, rather than a typical carboxylate-containing substrate. These results may inform future antibiotic development to target TRAP transporters and provide insights into protein engineering of TRAP transporter substrate-binding proteins.
Barriers and Facilitators in Using Surface Electromyography in Swallowing Management: An Implementation Science Study
Authors: Bahia Mariana M. , Carpenter Julia , Cherney Leora R.
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

This study aimed to identify clinician-perceived barriers and facilitators before the implementation of surface electromyography (sEMG) for swallowing management, implement sEMG biofeedback in swallowing rehabilitation sessions using implementation strategies, and investigate the perceived benefits and drawbacks after the implementation of the sEMG device from the perspectives of speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

Method:

An initial pre-implementation survey characterized the SLPs' practices in swallowing management regarding the use of biofeedback modalities as well as facilitators and barriers to the implementation of sEMG. In the implementation phase, six SLPs attended educational and training meetings, tested, and used sEMG with patients during their swallowing sessions. Finally, a postimplementation survey and focus group assessed the six SLPs' perceptions and experiences using sEMG and identified areas for improvement in the implementation process.

Results:

The majority of the 44 SLPs who answered the pre-implementation survey did not use sEMG in swallowing therapy. The most frequently reported barriers to implementation were reduced sEMG knowledge and lack of training (86.4%), lack of equipment access or availability (68.2%), and patient-related barriers (36.6%). The six SLPs who participated in the implementation phase used sEMG with 30 different patients, conducting a total of 105 sessions. They reported that it was easy to use sEMG during sessions and that sEMG helped them to teach swallowing maneuvers. Additionally, they stated that patients were motivated during sEMG sessions. Ongoing training and mentoring were some of the suggestions for implementation improvements.

Conclusions:

This study exemplifies the collaborative work between researchers and clinicians to facilitate the translation of technologies into clinical practice. Identifying determinants of sEMG implementation and strategies to address barriers was critical to its acceptability and adoption into clinical practice.
Unified diffusion‐based object detection in multi‐modal and low‐light remote sensing images
Authors: Sun Xu , Yu Yinhui , Cheng Qing
Published: November 2024

Remote sensing object detection remains a challenge under complex conditions such as low light, adverse weather, modality attacks or losses. Previous approaches typically alleviate this problem by enhancing visible images or leveraging multi‐modal fusion technologies. In view of this, the authors propose a unified framework based on YOLO‐World that combines the advantages of both schemes, achieving more adaptable and robust remote sensing object detection in complex real‐world scenarios. This framework introduces a unified modality modelling strategy, allowing the model to learn abundant object features from multiple remote sensing datasets. Additionally, a U‐fusion neck based on the diffusion method is designed to effectively remove modality‐specific noise and generate missing complementary features. Extensive experiments were conducted on four remote sensing image datasets: Multimodal VEDAI, DroneVehicle, unimodal VisDrone and UAVDT. This approach achieves average precision scores of 50.5, 55.3, 25.1, and 20.7, which outperforms advanced multimodal remote sensing object detection methods and low‐light image enhancement techniques.
Economic consistency enhancement by optimal operation of hybrid WF‐thermal‐EV‐fuel cell system in a power network
Authors: Chowdary Ravindranadh , Gope Sadhan , Dawn Subhojit , Al Mansur Ahmed , Ustun Taha Selim
Published: November 2024

This work introduces an efficient operational strategy for electric vehicles (EVs) to optimize economic outcomes in a wind‐integrated hybrid power system. The proposed method enhances the profitability of a combined wind‐thermal‐EV‐fuel cell system while maintaining grid frequency stability and managing the energy states of EV storage. Accurate wind speed forecasts are crucial, as wind farms must provide projected generation data to the market controller for coordinated scheduling with thermal units. Due to wind speed variability, discrepancies between actual and predicted values can lead to mismatches in wind power output, causing financial penalties from divergence prices. To address this, the optimal deployment of the EV storage system is designed to mitigate these financial impacts. By coordinating EV, wind, and thermal operations, the approach effectively reduces wind power unpredictability and ensures economic efficiency, a necessity in competitive power markets. Four distinct energy states of the EV battery‐ maximum, optimal, low, and minimum, are proposed to enhance cost efficiency. The EV storage mode is dynamically adjusted based on real‐time grid frequency and wind speed data. Additionally, a fuel cell is incorporated to boost economic returns further. The effectiveness of the strategy is validated using an IEEE 30‐bus test system, employing sequential quadratic programming and demonstrating notable improvements over existing methods.
Facets of security and safety problems and paradigms for smart aerial mobility and intelligent logistics
Authors: Ajakwe Simeon Okechukwu , Kim Dong‐Seong
Published: November 2024

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for smart and speedy logistics is still relatively nascent compared to traditional delivery methods. However, it is witnessing sporadic and steady growth due to booming demands, technological advancement, and regulatory support. The intelligence and integrity of UAV systems depend largely on the underlying cognitive and cybersecurity models, which serve as both eyes and brains to perceive and respond to the myriad of scenarios around them. Smart mobility and intelligent logistic ecosystems (SMiLE) are complex and advanced technological networks which are exposed to several issues. The incorporation of UAVs for priority logistics, thereby extending the coverage and capacity of SMiLE, further heightens these vulnerabilities and questions its security, safety, and sustainability. This review scrutinizes the significant security disruptions, smartness dynamics, and sundry developments for the sustainable deployment of UAVs as an aerial logistics‐based vehicle. Using the PRISMA‐SPIDER methodology, 157 articles were selected for quantitative analysis and 20 review articles for qualitative evaluation. Security and safety issues in UAVs cut across all the layers of logistics operations: components, communication, network architecture, navigation, supply chain etc. Expanding the capacity of SMiLE using UAV demands an intentional and incremental convergence‐based integration of an agile explainable artificial framework for reliable and safety‐conscious smart mobility, a scalable and tamperproof blockchain for multi‐factor authentication, and a zero trust cybersecurity paradigm for inclusive enterprise‐based authorization.
A decoupling strategy for average value control and ripple suppression of capacitor voltages in modular multilevel converters based on notch filters
Authors: Lou Xujie , Xiao Fei , Ren Qiang , Hu Liangdeng
Published: November 2024

Modular multilevel converters (MMC) have become an emerging hotspot in the field of medium‐voltage drives. A major challenge is the large voltage ripple of sub‐module capacitors at low rotor speeds with high torque. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve ripple suppression while maintaining the average values of the capacitor voltages at their reference. However, the average value control and ripple suppression of the capacitor voltages have a coupling effect during the circulating current control loop, which reduces the performance. This paper proposes a decoupling strategy based on notch filters (NF). First, the coupling problem existing in the traditional control strategy is analysed by theoretical analysis and simulation. Then, the principle and parameter design method of the improved decoupling strategy are introduced. Finally, the performance of the decoupling strategy is experimentally verified using a small prototype.
Fractional order pole fixed second order generalized integrator based control for grid connected solar photovoltaic system
Authors: Badoni Manoj , Singh Alka , Tripathi Ravi Nath , Kumar Rajeev , Singh Vijay Kumar
Published: November 2024

In this article, the development of multi‐functional grid connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system using improved Fractional order Control theory‐based Pole fixed Second Order Generalized Integrator (FO‐PFSOGI) is proposed. The fractional order (FO) control technique offers an advantage to adjust the fixed structure of the integer order and provide additional degree of freedom to achieve accurate response during the system operation. The FO‐PFSOGI control technique is used to extricate fundamental constituent of the non‐sinusoidal load current. The PV system is competent of feeding the local load requisite and may also inject surplus power into the grid. The voltage source converter (VSC) utilized in the grid‐connected system can also be operated as power quality compensator, taking care of harmonics, unbalancing and excess reactive power demand of the local load. The feasibility of multifunctional operations of the converter is established in this article, thus achieving maximum utilization of the power electronics used in the system and reducing the overall cost. A performance comparison of the developed control technique is presented with the conventional techniques in terms of harmonic compensation, weight convergence and computational complexity. The implementation of the controller is modest and extracts fundamental quantities without any phase delay under different loading conditions. The developed system is validated using both simulation and experimental study. A scaled down experimental setup of grid‐connected PV system is implemented in the laboratory and real time performance of the FO‐PFSOGI is demonstrated using variations in system load and PV irradiance.
Modeling solar power plants with daily data using genetic programming and equivalent circuit
Authors: Reisi Alireza , Zamani Abbas‐Ali , Barakati Seyyed Masoud
Published: November 2024

Among the various methods proposed for modeling solar panels, those based on equivalent circuits have received significant attention. In these approaches, determining unknown parameters varies depending on the modeling objective. To model voltage–current characteristics, circuit analysis methods are employed to extract these unknown parameters. However, this modeling method relies on data provided by the solar panel manufacturer, leading to increased modeling error over time as coefficients change. In this article, a method independent of the manufacturer's data for modeling solar panels is presented. This method enables accurate modeling of pre‐installed solar power plants. By utilizing genetic programming on a single day's worth of data from a solar panel, the proposed method can establish relationships with a high degree of fit for the open‐circuit voltage, maximum power point, and short‐circuit current based on weather conditions. Through these relationships, the voltage–current characteristics can be modeled with greater precision compared to traditional circuit analysis methods, and without the need for data from the solar panel manufacturer. Finally, for further evaluation, a 3 kW solar power plant is modeled, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The impact of disk-locking on convective turnover times of low-mass pre-main sequence and main sequence stars
Authors: Landin N. R. , Mendes L. T. S. , Vaz L. P. R. , Alencar S. H. P.
Published: November 2024

Aims. The impact of disk-locking on the stellar properties related to magnetic activity from the theoretical point of view is investigated.

Methods. We use the ATON stellar evolution code to calculate theoretical values of convective turnover times (τc) and Rossby numbers (Ro, the ratio between rotation periods and τc) for pre-main sequence (pre-MS) and main sequence (MS) stars. We investigate how τc varies with the initial rotation period and with the disk lifetime, using angular momentum conserving models and models simulating the disk-locking mechanism. In the latter case, the angular velocity is kept constant during a given locking time to mimic the magnetic locking effects of a circumstellar disk.

Results. The local convective turnover times generated with disk-locking models are shorter than those obtained with angular momentum conserving models. The differences are smaller in the early pre-MS, increase with stellar age, and become more accentuated for stars with M ≥ 1 M⊙ and ages greater than 100 Myr. Our new values of τc are used to estimate Ro for a sample of stars selected from the literature in order to investigate the rotation-activity relationship. We fit the data with a two-part power-law function and find the best fitting parameters of this relation.

Conclusions. The differences found between both sets of models suggest that the star’s disk-locking phase properties affect its Rossby number and its position in the rotation-activity diagram. Our results indicate that the dynamo efficiency is lower for stars that had undergone longer disk-locking phases.
Differences in sulfate sensitivity of early development between brackish and freshwater coregonines
Authors: Mäkinen Mikko , Hu Xiaoxuan , Karjalainen Juha
Published: November 2024

Sulfate is found naturally in the aquatic environments, but due to various anthropogenic activities the sulfate concentrations in surface waters have increased globally. High levels of sulfate can cause adverse effects on aquatic organisms. In this study we explored the effects of sulfate on the reproduction of two coregonine species, whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus (L.)) and vendace (Coregonus albula (L.)), in Baltic Sea brackish water and soft boreal freshwater. The chronic toxicity tests lasted from fertilization to hatching of the larvae, endpoints being embryonic and larval survival, and size of newly hatched larvae. The chronic 196–214-day tests were conducted in different sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solutions at water temperatures simulating natural conditions during the egg incubation from autumn to spring. The separate fertilization tests were carried out to measure fertilization success (%). The fertilization and early embryonic phase were found to be the most sensitive periods for sulfate toxicity. The survival in late embryonic phase, hatching and 5-day larval phase was high (>80%). In the acute fertilization tests with brackish water populations, the LC50-values were between 2554 and 2575 mg/L and with freshwater populations between 1107 and 1230 mg/L of sulfate. In the chronic experiments from fertilization to hatching the LC10-values for brackish water populations were between 1800 and 1820 mg/L and for freshwater populations between 335 and 624 mg/L of sulfate. The tolerance for sulfate in freshwater coregonines was significantly lower than brackish water coregonines, but it was in similar range as to what has been observed in other freshwater species.
Comprehensive effects of CaO/Al2O3 ratio and electric field on properties and sulfur directional migration of spent refining slag
Authors: Xia Wen-zhi , Hou Zhen , Wu Ting , Liao Zhi-you , Ji Yi-long , Wang Hai-chuan
Published: November 2024

In order to promote the recycling of spent refining slag, the comprehensive effects of CaO/Al2O3 ratio and electric field on properties and sulfur directional migration of spent refining slag were investigated at 1480 °C. It was concluded that with the increase of CaO/Al2O3 ratio within 1.0–1.8, the slag structure depolymerized and then polymerized, the melting temperature and viscosity decreased and then increased, and the electric conductivity showed an opposite trend, with the turning point corresponded to CaO/Al2O3 = 1.2. The voltages application of 2–4 V promoted the sulfur directional migration in slag, and the sulfur content in slag with CaO/Al2O3 = 1.2 was significantly lower than that in slag with CaO/Al2O3 = 1.8. The sulfur removal time of spent refining slag was preferred to be controlled at 30 min to prevent influences of electrode loss and sulfur removal resistance. To sum up, applying electric field on slag with optical properties can greatly reduce the sulfur content in slag, which was of great significance to realize the efficient recycling of spent refining slag at hot state.
Somatische Belastungsstörungen und die Rolle des epistemischen
Vertrauens
Authors: Kampling Hanna , Zara Sandra , Kruse Johannes
Published: November 2024

Viele Patient*innen mit somatischer Belastungsstörung (SSD) berichten von belastenden
Kindheitserfahrungen (ACEs). Diese gehen mit Beeinträchtigungen der Persönlichkeitsfunktionen und
Störungen des epistemischen Vertrauens einher und sind bei Patient*innen mit SSD mit einer deutlich
erhöhten Symptomlast assoziiert. Hieraus ergeben sich neue Ansatzpunkte für die Behandlung von
Patient*innen mit SSD.
Somatoforme Störungen im Kontext von Migration und Flucht
Authors: Erim Yesim , Morawa Eva
Published: November 2024

In Deutschland weisen inzwischen fast 30 % der Bevölkerung einen Migrationshintergrund auf. Es ist
davon auszugehen, dass jeder/jede dritte Patient*in mit somatoformen Belastungsstörungen in der
psychotherapeutischen Praxis migrations- und kulturspezifische Besonderheiten aufweisen wird. Also
lohnt es sich, sich mit dieser Patientengruppe zu beschäftigen.
Grundlagen einer neurobiologisch fundierten Schmerzpsychotherapie
Authors: Egle Ulrich T. , Egloff Niklaus
Published: November 2024

Das Ziel der neuen Marburg Deklaration ist es, einen Wandel im Verständnis psychischer Störungen und
ihrer Behandlung anzuregen, um die Kluft zwischen Grundlagenwissenschaft und klinischer Anwendung zu
überbrücken. Für eine personalisierte Behandlungsplanung sollten sich Studien auf psychologische und
neurobiologische Mechanismen und darüber generierte Erwartungen konzentrieren, statt heterogene
„Störungen“ in den Mittelpunkt zu stellen 1.
Das Reizdarmsyndrom: kognitiv-behaviorale Faktoren und
Interventionen
Authors: Stöckner Lisa , Külpmann Ina , Icenhour Adriane , Elsenbruch Sigrid
Published: November 2024

Aus psychiatrisch-psychosomatischer Perspektive kann das Reizdarmsyndrom als eine somatische
Belastungsstörung mit Schwerpunkt der Symptomatik im gastrointestinalen Bereich begriffen werden.
Dieser Beitrag gibt Einblick in aktuelles Wissen über psychologische Faktoren bei der Entstehung und
Aufrechterhaltung der Symptomatik und leitet daraus Interventionsmöglichkeiten der kognitiven
Verhaltenstherapie ab.
Fallbericht Essstörung Anorexie
Authors: Kunitz Diana , Kaut-Reylaender Susanne , Windgassen Viola , Trösken Anne
Published: November 2024

„Essen bedeutet für mich Stress.“Eine 20-jährige Patientin leidet an einer Anorexie und sucht sich
erstmalig Therapie, nachdem der Vater seine Sorgen um sie ausgedrückt hat. Sie fühlt sich vom Thema
Essen überfordert, hat außerdem starke Ängste vor Kontrollverlust und zu großer Nähe.
Online patient endoscopy education platform improves outpatient bowel preparation quality: Retrospective observational study
Authors: Ding Yuming , Vandeleur Ann , Chinchilla Gonzalo , Littlemore Kimberley , Hodgson Ruth , Rahman Tony
Published: November 2024

Background and study aims High-quality bowel preparation is integral to high-quality colonoscopy and adenoma detection. Studies evaluating the effect of pre-colonoscopy educational videos on bowel preparation quality have been variable. We investigated whether augmenting bowel preparation education using our professionally produced, patient-oriented, online educational video series would improve preparation quality, reduce need for repeat procedures, and improve adenoma detection rate (ADR).

Patients and methods We conducted a pilot, retrospective, single-center observational study using endoscopy data from a tertiary hospital. Colonoscopy outcomes were compared between two discrete 6-month study periods, before (control group) and after (video group) implementation of the online video intervention. All patients received standard-of-care written and verbal instructions. The video group received a link providing access to the video platform. Primary outcome was adequacy of bowel preparation (defined by the Aronchick Scale). Secondary outcomes included rate of repeat colonoscopy due to inadequate preparation, ADR, and sessile serrated lesion (SSL) detection rate.

Results The video intervention group had a lower rate of
inadequate bowel preparation compared with the control group (6.3% vs 9.8%, P = 0.018). There was no difference between groups in rate of repeat
colonoscopies due to inadequate preparation (P = 0.62), ADR (P = 0.11), or SSL detection rate (P = 0.94).
Multivariable analysis did not reveal any independent predictors of bowel preparation
quality.

Conclusions Our study supports the addition of a novel patient-oriented online educational video resource as an effective tool in enhancing bowel preparation adequacy while maintaining provision of high-quality colonoscopy.
Discharging the duty of candor following delayed post-endoscopy cancer diagnosis
Authors: Berry Philip , Kotha Sreelakshmi
Published: November 2024

Endoscopic examination is not risk free. Not only are there well-known complications associated with the procedure, but malignant and pre-malignant lesions can be missed due to human factors or failures in organizational process. Duty of candor (DoC) is a legal requirement if significant harm occurs in delivery of healthcare. Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) and post-endoscopy upper gastrointestinal cancer (PEUGIC) audits have identified missed diagnoses that are associated with harm and require consideration of DoC. This article explores the new and unique challenges associated with DoC in endoscopy audits. There are unresolved questions around the place of DoC in retrospective audits, agreement of harm thresholds, and constitution of review teams. Involved departments must be committed to transparency and trained in governance processes. Fear of institutional and personal reputational damage, as well as future litigation, may influence decisions. Patient expectations need to be clarified, as do supportive structures for individual endoscopists who will be involved in DoC processes when significant lesions have been missed. Further consensus around DoC is required so that clear guidance can be given to endoscopy units.
Ultrasound of the Foot and Ankle in Peripheral Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Thaker Siddharth , Pesquer Lionel , Rennie Winston J.
Published: November 2024

Seronegative spondyloarthritis (SpA) is an umbrella term that includes ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, and arthritis related to inflammatory bowel disease. Apart from AS, these other conditions predominantly affect the appendicular skeleton. Both the foot and ankle are frequently involved peripheral joints. According to the latest Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society criteria, imaging is a key way to diagnose peripheral seronegative SpA. Common imaging features are enthesitis, synovitis, tenosynovitis, erosive and bone-proliferative changes in the affected joints, and effusion.

Although magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard technique, ultrasound (US) is a cost-effective imaging method that can readily detect the features just described. Additionally, it can semi-quantify inflammatory changes, helping in treatment and dose modifications. Imaging-guided procedures, such as biopsies and steroid injections, are routinely performed using US. Furthermore, US can easily be deployed at outpatient rheumatology clinics, making it an ideal point-of-care investigation.
Multiparametric Ultrasound Assessment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Beyond Nerve Cross-sectional Area
Authors: Tomažin Tjaša , Pušnik Luka , Albano Domenico , Jengojan Suren Armeni , Snoj Žiga
Published: November 2024

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), the most common mononeuropathy, results from compression of the median nerve within the fibro-osseous carpal tunnel. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical evaluation and confirmed by nerve conduction studies. However, ultrasound (US) has emerged as a valuable noninvasive adjunct for CTS confirmation, offering potential advantages over electrodiagnostic testing in terms of patient comfort and diagnostic accuracy. This review begins with a concise summary of carpal tunnel anatomy and CTS pathophysiology as a foundation for exploring the diverse applications of US in CTS evaluation. B-mode US assessment is presented with a focus on cross-sectional imaging and dynamic evaluations, including the transverse translocation and longitudinal gliding of the median nerve. We also review current methods for assessing vascularization in CTS and explore the usefulness of elastography in CTS evaluation. The advantages and limitations of each US method are elucidated, highlighting their practical utility in clinical practice.
Ultrasound for Postoperative and Iatrogenic Peripheral Nerve Lesions: What Do Radiologists Need to Know?
Authors: Drakonaki Elena E. , Rupreht Mitja , Klauser Andrea , Pesquer Lionel
Published: November 2024

Iatrogenic nerve injuries are common and require an immediate accurate diagnosis to allow surgical treatment within a short window of opportunity. Targeted investigation using high-resolution ultrasound (US) allows an accurate diagnosis in the acute phase when electrophysiology has a limited role. By identifying the exact site of injury, mechanism, and type of nerve damage, US can help determine the prognosis of the lesion and the need for surgical management. This pictorial review discusses the role of high-resolution US in the work-up of iatrogenic nerve injuries, with an emphasis on US appearances and the clinical knowledge needed by the radiologist to provide solutions to clinical challenges.