bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pegaspargase Combined with Concurrent Radiotherapy for Early-Stage Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type: A Two-Center Phase II Study
Authors: Wang Hua , Wang Liang , Li Chun , Wuxiao Zhijun , Chen Guanjun , Luo Wei , Lu Yue
Published: July 2020

Background

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is expected to improve local and systemic disease control and has been established as a standard therapy for several types of solid tumors. Considering the benefits of frontline radiation and pegaspargase in localized extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL), we conducted a phase II study on pegaspargase-based CCRT to explore an effective treatment.

Materials and Methods

In this study, 30 patients with newly diagnosed nasal ENKTL in stages IE to IIE received CCRT (radiation 50 Gy and two cycles of pegaspargase 2,500 unit/m2 every 3 weeks). Four courses of pegaspargase were performed after CCRT.

Results

The patients completed CCRT and four cycles of pegaspargase. The complete remission (CR) rate was 90%, with a 95% confidential interval (CI) of 73.5%–97.9% after CCRT. The CR rate was 100% (95% CI, 88.4%–100%) at the end of the treatment. The 2-year overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 90.9% (95% CI, 78.4%–100%) and 92.8% (95% CI, 83.2%–100%), respectively. The major adverse events were in grades 1–2.

Conclusion

Preliminary data indicate that pegaspargase combined with concurrent radiotherapy for newly diagnosed patients with nasal ENKTL was efficacious and well tolerated. Registered at  www.chictr.org. Clinical Trial Registration Number. ChiCTR-OIC-15007662.

Implications for Practice

This clinical trial, evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy by using single-drug pegaspargase for patients with extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) in stage IE to IIE, showed pegaspargase combined with concurrent radiotherapy was efficacious and well tolerated. Pegaspargase has a long half-life and is easy to administer via intramuscular injection. Consequently, pegaspargase combined with concurrent radiotherapy for patients with ENKTL can be completed in the outpatient clinic.
How investing in the green economy is the best way to post-Covid-19 economic recovery
Authors: Thorpe David
Published: July 2020

David Thorpe of The One Planet Centre says boosting the green jobs market will help to drive economic recovery following the Covid-19 pandemic. Examples include promoting labour-intensive retrofitting of energy-efficiency measures in existing buildings and green infrastructure.
How chemical boundary engineering can produce cheap, ultra-strong steels
Authors: Ding Ran , Yang Zhigang , van der Zwaag Sybrand , Chen Hao
Published: July 2020

An innovative chemical boundary engineering approach can produce ultra-high strength steel at much lower cost. Ran Ding, Zhigang Yang, Sybrand van der Zwaag and Hao Chen at Tsinghua University in China say strengths up to 2300 MPa are possible.
Effective communication: the implications and benefits of ISO 14063 in civil engineering
Authors: Shideler John
Published: July 2020

The International Organization for Standardization has published new free guidelines on environmental communication. Chair of the drafting committee John Shideler, of US consultancy Futurepast, says ISO 14063 will be particularly useful to civil engineers.
TRAF3 Modulation: Novel Mechanism for the Anti-inflammatory Effects of the Vitamin D Receptor Agonist Paricalcitol in Renal Disease
Authors: Rayego-Mateos Sandra , Morgado-Pascual Jose Luis , Valdivielso José Manuel , Sanz Ana Belén , Bosch-Panadero Enrique , Rodrigues-Díez Raúl R. , Egido Jesús , Ortiz Alberto , González-Parra Emilio , Ruiz-Ortega Marta
Published: July 2020

Significance Statement

TNF receptor–associated factor 3 (TRAF3) downregulation is a key feature promoting inflammation in CKD, and noncanonical NF-κB2 activation is a key driver of inflammation in this context. TRAF3 levels in PBMCs are decreased in patients on hemodialysis and could be a biomarker for the inflammatory state. Paricalcitol may reverse TRAF3 downregulation in a vitamin D receptor–independent manner, suggesting novel signaling pathways behind the anti-inflammatory effect of paricalcitol.

Background

CKD leads to vitamin D deficiency. Treatment with vitamin D receptor agonists (VDRAs) may have nephroprotective and anti-inflammatory actions, but their mechanisms of action are poorly understood.

Methods

Modulation of the noncanonical NF-κB2 pathway and its component TNF receptor–associated factor 3 (TRAF3) by the VDRA paricalcitol was studied in PBMCs from patients with ESKD, cytokine-stimulated cells, and preclinical kidney injury models.

Results

In PBMCs isolated from patients with ESKD, TRAF3 protein levels were lower than in healthy controls. This finding was associated with evidence of noncanonical NF-κB2 activation and a proinflammatory state. However, PBMCs from patients with ESKD treated with paricalcitol did not exhibit these features. Experiments in cultured cells confirmed the link between TRAF3 and NF-κB2/inflammation. Decreased TRAF3 ubiquitination in K48-linked chains and cIAP1-TRAF3 interaction mediated the mechanisms of paricalcitol action.TRAF3 overexpression by CRISPR/Cas9 technology mimicked VDRA’s effects. In a preclinical model of kidney injury, paricalcitol inhibited renal NF-κB2 activation and decreased renal inflammation. In VDR knockout mice with renal injury, paricalcitol prevented TRAF3 downregulation and NF-κB2–dependent gene upregulation, suggesting a VDR-independent anti-inflammatory effect of paricalcitol.

Conclusions

These data suggest the anti-inflammatory actions of paricalcitol depend on TRAF3 modulation and subsequent inhibition of the noncanonical NF-κB2 pathway, identifying a novel mechanism for VDRA’s effects. Circulating TRAF3 levels could be a biomarker of renal damage associated with the inflammatory state.
KURAKÇIL PEYZAJ AÇISINDAN RİZE SAHİL PARKININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ERCAN OĞUZTÜRK Gülcay , BAYRAMOĞLU Elif
Published: July 2020

Günümüzde dünya nüfusunun artmasıyla birlikte kentleşme ve buna bağlı olarak birçok çevre sorunu ortaya çıkmıştır. İnsanlar çeşitli ihtiyaçları nedeniyle (konaklama, rekreasyon, yeme içme vb) doğal kaynakları (su, toprak vb.) hızlı bir şekilde yok etmeye başlamıştır. Doğal kaynakların yok olması sonucu ekosistemlere müdahale edilmekte ve doğayı tahrip ederek ekosistemlerin parçalanmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu noktada çevre sorunlarıyla birlikte artan iklim değişikliği ve küresel ısınmaya çözüm olarak başlıca doğal kaynağımız olan suyun etkin kullanımı ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bireysel kullanımların yanı sıra özellikle peyzaj alanlarında ki sulama amaçlı kullanılan suyun tasarruflu ve etkin kullanımına yönelik yeni tasarım yaklaşımları ortaya çıkmaktadır. Suyun etkin kullanımını sağlayarak peyzaj alanlarında su kullanımını azaltan bitkilerin kullanımını kapsayan ve sürdürülebilir bir yaklaşım olan, kurakçıl peyzaj bu çalışmada incelenmiştir. Rize ili Mesut Yılmaz Sahil Parkı’nda yapılan bu çalışmada alan kurakçıl peyzaj açısından değerlendirilmiş olup, suyun etkin kullanımına yönelik çeşitli çevreci ve sürdürülebilir planlama ve tasarım önerileri sunulmuştur.
Bewegingswerkwoorde in Van Wyk Louw se poësie
Authors: Bosman N
Published: July 2020

Bewegingswerkwoorde vorm 'n semantiese klas van hulle eie. In hierdie artikel word die betekenis en metaforiese onderbou van bewegingswerkwoorde in NP van Wyk Louw se poësie ondersoek, met die kognitiewe linguistiek, waarvan die konseptuelemetafoorteorie 'n fundamentele deel vorm, as teoretiese vertrekpunt. In aansluiting by die kognitiewe linguistiek word daar aanvaar dat ons verstaan van die werklikheid onder andere nou verweef is met ons beliggaamde ervaring van beweging. Verandering as konsep vorm deel van ons verstaan van wat beweging is en die konseptuele metafoor VERANDERING IS BEWEGING onderlê dan ook metafore wat afgelei word van hierdie oerbewegingsmetafoor. Beweging (die verandering van plek) kan volgens Radden (1995:424) gekategoriseer word as één tipe verandering, saam met ander, soos verandering van tyd en verandering van toestand. Daar word aangetoon dat betekenis te voorskyn kom deur die PAD-beeldskema (soos wat Johnson en Lakoff aantoon) wat dien as vrugbare brondomein vir konseptuele metafore. Die semantiek van die mees frekwente bewegingswerkwoord in Afrikaans, (en dit is ook in Louw se poësie die mees frekwente), naamlik gaan, word eerstens ondersoek, waarna 'n reeks konseptuele metafore (VERANDERING VAN TOESTAND IS OM 'N BESTEMMING TE BEREIK, VERANDERING VAN GEESTESTOESTAND IS BEWEGING, OM GROTER INSIG TE VERKRY IS OM 'N BESTEMMING TE BEREIK, OM DOOD TE GAAN IS OM UIT TE BEWEEG, LEWE IS BEWEGING) in "Groot ode" geïdentifiseer word. From the very beginning of our life, and evermore until we die, movement keeps us in touch with our world in the most intimate and profound way. In our experience of movement, there is no radical separation of self from world. Mark Johnson, The meaning of the body Die end is bitter. En dis end. Ons was so aan die gaan gewend Dat ons gemeen het: gáán is goed. Maar elke gang word: sterf-orent. XXV. Klein variasie op die woord 'gaan'(Tristia)
NP van Wyk Louw se diere en gestaltes herbesoek: 'n Ekokritiese lesing
Authors: Marais J
Published: July 2020

In die digter, dramaturg en intellektueel NP van Wyk Louw (1906-1970) se werk kom heelparty verwysings na diere voor, terwyl enkele gedigte in die geheel aan een of ander dierespesie gewy word. Louw se gedigte oor diere word hoofsaaklik beskou as gedigte met een of ander simboliese betekenis, waar min aandag aan die spesifieke spesie met unieke eienskappe gegee word. Die aanwesigheid van simbolistiese en modernistiese trekke in Louw se werk het tot dié sienings bygedra. In hierdie artikel word die digter se werk teen die agtergrond van literatuur oor diere se gedrag en dierestudies gelees. Filosowe soos Martin Heidegger en Jacques Derrida het 'n belangrike bydrae tot die aard en wêreld van die dier gelewer, terwyl die Nederlands gebore Amerikaanse primatoloog Frans de Waal bevind het dat diere oor die vermoë beskik om kultuur te verwerf. Die gaping tussen mense en diere het "verklein", en gedigte soos Louw se Raka (1941) en "Die swart luiperd" in Gestaltes en diere (1942) word in hierdie artikel by 'n nuwe kyk op Louw se gedigte oor diere betrek.
Die pluimsaad waai ver(der): Om Van Wyk Louw in Katolieke verband te herverbeel
Authors: De Vries A
Published: July 2020

Tot nou toe het ondersoeke oor Van Wyk Louw se nalatenskap hoofsaaklik gekonsentreer op hoe daar nog, 'n halfeeu ná sy dood, vanuit die letterkunde en ander kunsvorms met hom in gesprek getree word en hoe hy tot nou toe in sowel literêre as kulturele diskoerse opgeroep word. In dié bydrae word die aandag gevra vir 'n ruimte waar sy voortgesette teenwoordigheid na alle waarskynlikheid nie verwag word nie, te wete die geskiedenis van Afrikaans in die Katolieke Kerk. Dit gaan hier om 'n bewusmaking dat hy weliswaar ook in die geskiedenis van die Katolieke Kerk opgeroep word én in hierdie konteks 'n weg help baan het vir Afrikaans.
Louw bevry: 'n Riff op 'n naat
Authors: Van Vuuren H
Published: July 2020

NP van Wyk Louw (1906-1970) se digterlike oeuvre bestaan uit ses digbundels, vier tussen 1935 en 1942, geskryf in Suid-Afrika, en twee tydens sy verblyf in Amsterdam in die vyftigerjare, Nuwe verse (1954) en Tristia en ander verse voorspele en vlugte 1950-1957 (1962). Dié laaste twee digbundels sien ek hier as sy laatwerk (laaste werk, later in sy lewe geskryf), waarmee hy sy oeuvre afsluit (na 'n ernstige hartaanval in 1961 was hy minder gesond, en het na Tristia in 1962 - verse uit die vyftigerjare in Europa - tot met sy dood agt jaar later, nooit weer 'n digbundel gepubliseer nie). Die term "laatwerk" word nie geproblematiseer nie, slegs gebruik om te onderskei tussen sy vroeëre werk (1935-1942) en aan te dui dat dié twee bundels, hier ter sprake (1954-1962) sy digterlike oeuvre afsluit. Die term word gebruik soos in Duitse literatuurkritiek en musikologie, waar "Spätstil" (laatstyl) 'n merker is van waar werke in 'n oeuvre inpas.
Advertising in Digital Games: A Review from the Perspective of Children and Parents
Authors: AKCAN Burçe , KAZAZ Arzu
Published: July 2020

The problem of this study, which is based on understanding the interactions of children with the brands in digital games, is to understand children’s recognition of the brands in digital games with the variables of the type of advertisement, in-game factors and screen time. In this qualitative study, a two-session focus group interview was conducted with the children and their mothers separately. Children are important for this study due to their age, because on the one hand, they go through the consumer socialization process, and on the other hand, since they do not have the ability to separate media content from commercial content, they are exposed to ads. As a result of the study, it is observed that parents were in conflict with their children regarding screen time management and they interfere with their children’s screen time. However, a significant part of the parents is not aware of the ads in digital games and do not consider in-game advertising as a risk factor for their children. Additionally, it is seen that the high prevalence of unhealthy food advertisements in digital games causes children to make unreasonable demands and this is considered as a serious issue in a process they learn to be a consumer.
CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AREA
Authors: Yakubovskiy S. , Rodionova T. , Tsviakh O.
Published: July 2020

This research aims to analyze current economic state of the North American Free Trade Area and to identify possible prospects for its development. The article explores the prerequisites for the formation of NAFTA, reasons for revising the agreement and compares the
differences between the previous and updated agreements, an impact of integration association on the socio-economic status, trade and investment activity of the participating countries, prospects for its development and analysis of its economic cooperation with Ukraine. The empirical analysis shows a significant relationship between the U.S. GDP and foreign trade with Mexico and Canada, unemployment and interest rates. Its results revealed that the U.S. trade with Canada had a positive impact on the U.S. GDP; at the same time the U.S. trade with Mexico had a negative impact on the U.S. GDP, which became the main argument for President Trump in his pressure on Mexico to revise the terms of the NAFTA agreement. The regression analysis also showed that there is an inverse relationship between GDP and interest rate in the United States from 1994 to 2018. It was determined that the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) is not fundamentally different from the previous one, but it can create new opportunities, for example, for workers and farmers in the United States, and new difficulties for Canada and Mexico. This agreement tightens labor standards and protection of intellectual property rights, especially in Mexico, thus, probably decreasing the attractiveness of Mexican economy to foreign investors, that is likely to reduce the U.S. investment in Mexico. Thus, Canada and Mexico are expected to receive less benefit from the USMCA for their economies than the United States.
Activation Rate of Seismicity for Hydraulic Fracture Wells in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
Authors: Ghofrani Hadi , Atkinson Gail M.
Published: July 2020

The rate of M≥3 earthquakes associated with hydraulic fracturing (HF) in horizontal wells (HF wells) in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin is estimated for the period from 2009 to 2019. The estimates are based on a statistical discrimination algorithm that uses an objective scoring function deduced from the observed spatiotemporal correlations between wells and earthquakes. A Monte Carlo simulation approach is used to test the efficacy of the scoring function in determining noncoincidental association rates, allowing for correction of the observed association rates for the expected number of false positives. The basin-wide average rate of association of M≥3 earthquakes with HF wells (2009–2019) is ∼0.8% on a per well basis. The susceptibility appears to vary by formation by more than an order of magnitude, ranging from ∼6% for HF wells in the Duvernay Formation to ∼0.07% for HF wells in the Cardium Formation. For some formations, there has been no observed association at the M≥3 level to date, but this does not necessarily imply that such formations are immune to induced seismicity.
Türkiye’de Okul Yöneticilerinin Liderliğinin, Öğretmenlerin Olumsuz Tutum ve Davranışlarıyla İlişkisi: Bir Meta-Analiz Çalışması
Authors: SARIER Yılmaz , UYSAL Şengül
Published: July 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı; Türkiye’de okul yöneticilerinin liderliği ile öğretmenlerin olumsuz tutum ve davranışları arasındaki ilişkilerin meta-analiz yöntemi ile araştırılmasıdır. Araştırma sonucunda okul yöneticisinin liderliğinin okullar için öneminin sayısal verilerle desteklenmesi ve bu bağlamda okul yöneticilerinin etkili liderlik yaklaşımlarının belirlenmesi hedeflenmektedir. Türkiye’de üretilen çalışmalar değerlendirildiğinde öğretmenlerin olumsuz tutum ve davranışları ile ilgili üç değişken (örgütsel sinizm, sessizlik ve tükenmişlik), okul müdürünün liderlik yaklaşımı ile ilgili altı değişken (otokratik, destekleyici, paylaşılan, karizmatik, dönüşümcü ve etik liderlik) belirlenmiştir. Araştırmaya 42 çalışma dahil edilmiş, bu çalışmalardan toplam 55 veri seti elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada öğretmenlerin olumsuz tutum ve davranışları ile okul yöneticisinin liderliği arasında negatif yönlü orta düzeyde (ES=-.326) bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Araştırmada bulunan etki büyüklüğü değerleri incelendiğinde, örgütsel sessizlik açısından destekleyici (-.543) ve dönüşümcü (-.416); örgütsel sinizm açısından etik (-.635), paylaşımcı (-.624) ve karizmatik (-.503); örgütsel tükenmişlik açısından destekleyici liderlik yaklaşımının (-.243) etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Öğretmenlerin olumsuz tutum ve davranışları (örgütsel sinizm, sessizlik ve tükenmişlik) ile otokratik liderlik yaklaşımı arasında zayıf düzeyde pozitif yönlü (.237, .150 ve .068) ilişkilerin bulunduğu anlaşılmıştır. Araştırmada özellikle destekleyici, paylaşımcı, dönüşümcü ve etik liderlik davranışları sergileyen okul yöneticilerinin, öğretmenlerin olumsuz tutum ve davranış gösterme düzeylerini azalttığı görülmüştür. Okul müdürleri, okulun gelişimi sürecinde katkı vermek isteyen öğretmenleri destekleyebilir, yasal gücün yerine daha çok kendi etkileyici gücünü kullanabilir, okulda adaleti sağlayarak paylaşım ve güvene dayanan olumlu okul iklimi oluşturabilir.
Unplayed Galant Melodies, the Ubiquity of the Rarest Interval, and the Heyday of the Major Mode
Authors: Rabinovitch Gilad
Published: July 2020

This article examines in a preliminary fashion the potential connections between the usage of Gjerdingen's (1988, 2007) skeletal galant schemata, the heyday of the major mode during the period 1750-1799 (Albrecht & Huron, 2014; Horn & Huron, 2015), and the rare intervals of the diatonic set (Browne, 1981). I discuss the relations between the rarity of the tritone and semitone in the diatonic template and in musical usage (Huron 2006, 2008; David Temperley, personal communication, 2017). I hypothesize that the skeletal usage of schemata emphasizes rare intervals (tritone and semitone) respective to their common counterparts. Though this is predominantly an armchair, speculative inquiry, a preliminary pilot analysis of a small expert-annotated corpus from Gjerdingen (2007) provides tentative support for the hypothesis that the skeletal usage of schemata overemphasizes vertical tritones, but not melodic semitones. The prevalence of skeletal tritones in the schemata abstracted by Gjerdingen suggests that the process of abstraction is associated with finding unambiguous cues for a local tonal context. While the present article relies on Gjerdingen's expert analytical annotations of a small corpus and extraction of a contrapuntal skeleton, I conclude by offering hypotheses for future testing regarding the increased prevalence and salience of tritones on the musical surface in the period 1750-1799, a subset of common-practice tonality.
Commentary on De Souza and Lokan (2019)
Authors: Miyake Jan
Published: July 2020

This contribution is a brief commentary on the paper "Hypermetrical Irregularity in Sonata Form: A Corpus Study" by Jonathan De Souza and David Lokan. The original paper explores the hypothesis that in a sonata form, the development is more hypermetrically stable than the exposition. The published data support the hypothesis. The commentary suggests other paths for discussion and further tweaks to the study that may better show how data support or contradict De Souza and Lokan's intuitions.
Vegetation Changes Associated with the Younger Dryas from the Sediments of Silver Lake, Summit County, Ohio, USA
Authors: Swisher Sierra E. , Peck John A.
Published: July 2020

As the climate was warming during the last deglaciation, a millennium-long return to near-glacial conditions—called the Younger Dryas (YD) stadial—occurred about 12.9 to 11.7 ka ago. Prior studies have characterized the vegetation and climatic impacts of the YD stadial in the US upper Midwest from a network of fossil pollen records. The goal of this study was to locate the pronounced rise in organic matter and Pinus (pine) pollen—associated with the latter part of the YD event—in a sediment core from Silver Lake, a kettle lake in Summit County, Ohio. Based upon radiocarbon dating of the Silver Lake sediment core, an increase in sediment organic matter at 1,070 cm (35.1 ft) core depth dates to 12,130 calibrated years (cal yr) BP within the latter part of the YD stadial. A pollen study spanning the change in organic matter displays a gradual decline in Picea (spruce) pollen as well as a pronounced increase in Pinus pollen, similar to published records of the latter part of the YD event. Thus, the Silver Lake pollen record adds a new site to the network of fossil pollen sites, and further refines the vegetation changes within the Allegheny Plateau of Ohio that occurred during the latter part of the YD event. Furthermore, identifying the pronounced rise in Pinus pollen allows for biostratigraphic correlation between the Silver Lake record and another local dated pollen record. This biocorrelation adds further support to the Silver Lake radiometric age model.
KÜNT TORAKS TRAVMASI GEÇİREN HASTALARDA OLUŞAN AKCİĞER KONTÜZYONU İLE HEMOTORAKS / PNÖMOTORAKS ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: Dumanlı Ahmet
Published: July 2020

AMAÇ: Bu çalışmanın amacı toraks travması nedeni ile kliniğimize müracat eden ve toraks kontüzyonu tespit edilen hastalardaki kontüzyon ile hemotoraks, pnömotoraks ve hemopnömotoraks arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmaya alınan olgular 2017 Ocak, 2018 Kasım tarihleri arasında Afyon Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Göğüs Cerrahisi Kliniğine müracaat eden, toraks kontüzyonu tespit edilen ve kliniğimiz tarafından takip önerilen ya da yatırılarak tedavi altına alınan, 77 künt toraks travmalı hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların cinsiyeti, yaşı, bilgisayarlı toraks tomografileri (BT) ve hastanede yatış süreleri retrospektif olarak incelendi.BULGULAR: Toraks kontüzyonu bulunan 77 hastanın %80.52’i erkek, %19.48‘i bayan, yaş ortalaması 50.57, hastanede ortalama yatış süresi 4.19 gün idi. Hastaların %48.05’inde sağda, %35.07’inde solda, %16.88’inde bilateral toraks kontüzyonu tespit edildi. Olguların %51.95’inde pnömotoraks izlendi. Bunların %24.68’i sağda, %10.39’u solda, %16.88’i bilateral idi. Vakaların %45.45’inde hemotoraks tepit edildi, bunların %24.68’inde sağda, %16.88’inde solda, %3.89’unda bilateral olarak gözlendi. Hastaların %3.89’unda hemopnömotoraks mevcuttu, bunların %2.60’ı solda, %1.30’u bilateral olarak izlendi.SONUÇ: Yaptığımız çalışmada künt toraks travmasına bağlı toraks kontüzyonu sağ hemitoraksta ve erkeklerde daha fazla görülmektedir. Pnömotoraks, hemotoraks, hemopnömotoraks sıklıkla toraks kontüzyonuna eşlik etmektedir. Her bir komplikasyon kendi içinde değerlendirilmeli ve tedavisi ona göre yapılmalıdır.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viral infections in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Tertiary care centre
Authors: Goel Neha , Sharma Rupali , Agarwal Ritu
Published: July 2020

Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C are one of the two major viruses causing serious maternal and fetal complications in all the pregnant women with high mother to child transmission rates causing a severe disease burden on th society as well.

The study aimed at identifying the seroprevalence & sociodemographic factors associated with HBV and HCV positive pregnant women.

A total of 9628 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of the institute from a period of one year were screened for HCV and HBV infections through rapid kit followed by confirmation with ELISA. Details were noted in a preset proforma and data thus analysed by SPSS VERSION 10.

Seroprevalence rate of HBV was found to be 0.72% and that of HCV was 1.25%. Most of them were asymptomatic and unaware of the infection. The mean age of women with HBV infection was 27.89 and that of HCV was 25.7.Majority of them were multiparous and belong to rural areas.

The prevalence of HCV is more than that of HBV among antenatal women.
An Analysis of the Opportunities and Challenges of Internet Finance in the New Normal of Economy
Authors: Gao Hunyuan
Published: July 2020

The vigorous development of Internet finance is very important for the sustainable development of China's economy. In recent years, Chinese government has vigorously supported the development of enterprises, and issued a series of policies related to finance, tax and financing guarantee support. For enterprises, this is not sufficient. In addition to the support of external policies, enterprises need more self-examination. The financial management system of many enterprises is not perfect and the quality of financial management is low, which will have a negative impact on the operation and management of enterprises and can not effectively guarantee the quality of financial information of enterprises.
A Hardware Accelerator for the Inference of a Convolutional Neural network
Authors: González Edwin , Villamizar Luna Walter D. , Fajardo Ariza Carlos Augusto
Published: July 2020

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are becoming increasingly popular in deep learning applications, e.g. image classification, speech recognition, medicine, to name a few. However, the CNN inference is computationally intensive and demanding a large among of memory resources. In this work is proposed a CNN inference hardware accelerator, which was implemented in a co-processing scheme. The aim is to reduce the hardware resources and achieve the better possible throughput. The design was implemented in the Digilent Arty Z7-20 development board, which is based on System on Chip (SoC) Zynq-7000 of Xilinx. Our implementation achieved a  of accuracy for the MNIST database using only 12-bits fixed-point format. The results show that the co-processing scheme operating at a conservative speed of 100 MHz can identify around 441 images per second, which is about 17% times faster than a 650 MHz - software implementation. It is difficult to compare our results against other implementations based on Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), because the others implementations are not exactly like ours. However, some comparisons, regarding the logical resources used and accuracy, suggest that our work could be better than previous works.
Yaya Kazalarının Yaralanma Şiddetinin İncelenmesi: İkili Lojistik Regresyon Modeli Uygulaması
Authors: ÖZEN Murat
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışmada ikili lojistik regresyon model kullanılarak yaya kazalarının yaralanma şiddetine etki eden faktörler belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü veri tabanından elde edilen, Mersin’de 2015-2017 yılları arasında tek bir taşıt ve tek bir yayanın karıştığı kazalara ait kaza düzeyindeki detaylı veriler kullanılmıştır. Yayaların yaralanma şiddetini belirlemek için kaza sonrası 30 günlük sürecin sonundaki veri kullanılmıştır. Model sonuçları kazalara 55 yaş ve üstü yayaların karışmasının, erkek yayaların karışmasının, kazada yayaların kusurlu olmasının, kazada hız kusuru olmasının ve kaza noktasında yatay kurb bulunmasının yaya kazalarının yaralanma şiddetinin 0,05 anlamlılık düzeyinde arttırdığını göstermiştir. Yaya kazalarının devlet yollarında ve gece meydana gelmesi yaya kazalarının yaralanma şiddetini 0,10 anlamlılık düzeyinde artırmaktadır. Öte yandan, kazalara motosikletlerin karışması yaralanma şiddetini 0,05 anlamlılık düzeyinde azalmaktadır.
Psychological Effects of Charitable Activities on the Worldly Mental Health and Eternal Happiness of the Hereafter from the Perspective of the Qur'an and Hadith
Authors: Mohseni Tahere , Ahmadi Bighash Khadijeh
Published: July 2020

From the point of view of religious teachings, charitable act has the first effect on one's worldly and hereafter life and guarantees one's worldly mental health and eternal happiness in the hereafter. Worship in any form has been a factor in mental health. The goodness and virtue of an action is also in proportion to the compatibility of its components with each other, and the compatibility and appropriateness of the set of components with the end and purpose of that action. Therefore, benevolence and charity are the observance of these two proportions with the position of action. Now, the question is, what effect do these charitable activities have on the mental health of this world and the eternal happiness of the hereafter? Analytical, psychological, and descriptive study of verses and hadiths indicate that worldly effects such as increasing longevity and livelihood, receiving divine rewards, etc., and hereafter effects such as ignoring the torment, attaining heavenly blessings, eternal reward and... cause the mental health of the person in the world, and his eternal happiness in the hereafter.
The effect of human amniotic epithelial cell on dendritic cell differentiation of peripheral blood monocytes: An experimental study
Authors: Keshavarzi Bahare , Tabatabaei Meraj , Hasan Zarnani Amir , Ramezani Tehrani Fahime , Bozorgmehr Mahmood , Mosaffa Nariman
Published: July 2020

Background: The amniotic membrane plays an important role in maintaining a healthy pregnancy. The main population cells from amniotic membrane include human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) which have been shown to possess immunomodulatory properties.
Objective: The proximity of hAECs with monocyte leads to the generation of tollerogenic dendritic cells.
Materials and Methods: hAECs were obtained from normal pregnancy. Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated by anti-CD14 MACS method. Co-cultures of monocytes and hAECs were established in Transwell chambers supplemented with granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the absence and presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to produce immature and mature DCs, respectively. Immunophenotyping of the obtained DCs was done through flow cytometry and the production of cytokines was measured by ELISA. Mixed leukocyte Reaction (MLR) was also performed for the functional assessment of DCs.
Results: Immunophenotyping of [hAECs - Immature DC (iDC)] and [hAECs - iDC] + LPS cells revealed that the expression of CD1a, CD80, CD86, CD40, HLA-DR, and CD83 markers showed no significant difference as compared with the control group (iDCs and mDCs alone). In the [hAECs-iDCs] + LPS cells, the percentage of CD14 cells at the ratio of 1:2.5 showed significant differences compared to the control group. The production of IL-10 and IL-12 showed no significant difference in any of the cultures as compared to the control groups. Also, co-cultured DCs did not inhibit proliferation of lymphocyte.
Conclusion: Our findings show that factors secreted from cultured hAECs are unable to generate of tollerogenic dendritic cells. To achieve a better understanding of other mechanisms more investigations are needed.
Key words: Amniotic membrane, Dendritic cells, Human placenta, Immunomodulation, Monocyte.
DILEMAS DO PENSAMENTO ECONÔMICO ENQUANTO CIÊNCIA DAS PROJEÇÕES SOBRE A ORDEM SOCIAL
Authors: Frabetti Giancarlo Livman
Published: July 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão teórica sobre a vocação da Economia Política enquanto ciência de elaborar projeções da sociedade a partir da leitura dos problemas econômicos verificados no presente. A partir das distintas perspectivas teórico-metodológicas dos trabalhos clássicos da Economia Política, identificamos as possíveis visões sobre aprofundamento das relações sociais em uma sociedade de mercado, oscilando dialeticamente entre a utopia, a distopia e a possibilidade de alteridade da realidade observada. Avançando nesse debate até chegarmos ao pragmatismo econômico do século XX e à desilusão quanto à possibilidade de superação estrutural do capitalismo própria do pós-modernismo, concluímos nosso raciocínio apontando que o conceito de desenvolvimento constitui um elemento central na tarefa de se projetar o presente em direção ao futuro, devendo portanto, ser superado criticamente.
EVOLUÇÃO DO EMPREGO ENTRE AS CIDADES MÉDIAS DAS REGIÕES NORDESTE E SUDESTE, 1991-2010. APLICAÇÃO DAS CADEIAS DE MARKOV NO EMPREGO INDUSTRIAL
Authors: Morais Ana Cristina dos Santos , Pereira William Eufrásio Nunes , Costa Rodolfo Ferreira Ribeiro da , Mendes Débora Cosme Pereira
Published: July 2020

O objetivo do trabalho é fazer uma análise das probabilidades de transição nas cidades, das regiões Nordeste (NE) e Sudeste (SE). A ideia é verificar a probabilidade de cidades, com poucas quantidades de empregos, migrarem para cidades com níveis de empregos maiores ao longo do período entre 1991 e 2010, com foco naquelas cidades médias não pertencentes às regiões metropolitanas dos seus respectivos estados. A justificativa do trabalho se dá em virtude de essas regiões serem as que possuem os maiores volumes de empregos absolutos do Brasil. Os dados utilizados foram da classificação dos subsetores da indústria obtidos na Relação Anual de Informação Social (RAIS), fornecida pelo Ministério do Trabalho (MTE). As análises ocorreram com base no procedimento de estimação feita com a utilização das Cadeias de Transição de Markov em tempo discreto. Conclui-se que ao longo do período analisado ocorreu mudança de nível das cidades estudadas com variação para níveis superiores de emprego do setor industrial, demonstrando que não ocorreram perdas do emprego na indústria, ao contrário, o que aconteceu foi um crescimento significativo do emprego formalizado.
Teoria das Instituições e da Mudança Institucional de Douglass North: Cultura, Estado e Dependência de Trajetória
Authors: Costa Eduardo  José Monteiro da
Published: July 2020

Este artigo objetiva analisar os elementos centrais da teoria das instituições e da mudança institucional de Douglass North, em especial o papel que a cultura e o Estado desempenham na determinação de uma trajetória dependente (path dependence). Em sua visão, mudanças culturais evolvendo alterações na cosmovisão dos indivíduos, advindas de alterações na ideologia, religião, crenças e valores, abalam a estabilidade das instituições e tendem a ser importantes vetores de mudança institucional. Ou seja, a cultura materializa-se, em última instância, como a chave para a dependência de trajetória. O Estado, por seu turno, logra a capacidade de promover mudanças institucionais que podem tornar uma economia mais eficiente, garantindo direitos de propriedade e reduzindo custos de transação e incertezas.
Corpo e ambiente no mundo da vida das ilhas de Mocajuba (PA): uma etnografia sensorial sobre o campesinato amazônico
Authors: Alves Vitória Mendes
Published: July 2020

O artigo reúne as primeiras reflexões de uma pesquisa em andamento sobre o mundo da vida cotidiana nas ilhas de Mocajuba, Baixo Tocantins paraense. Apresentamos uma breve descrição da formação socioeconômica da região, além de uma discussão sobre campesinato agroextrativista, por meio do conceito de trajetórias tecnológicas. Conectamos tais categorias analíticas com as vivências em campo por meio da etnografia sensorial, com o objetivo de narrar e interpretar os usos do corpo e suas relações com o ambiente neste contexto. O texto etnográfico, assim como os diálogos interdisciplinares, busca construir uma narrativa sobre o mundo rural amazônico a partir da experiência social. Compreendemos, a partir da discussão sobre corpo, que nestes espaços não há uma separação entre produção e reprodução, natureza e cultura. Este emaranhamento explica, em partes, a virtuosidade dos indicadores ambientais, sociais e econômicos do agroextrativismo camponês. O trabalho foi originalmente apresentado no I Seminário Socialidades, Intersubjetividades e Sensibilidades Amazônicas.Palavras-chave: Campesinato. Etnografia sensorial. Corpo. Mundo da vida. Mocajuba
A COVID-19 e os desafios da urbanização e habitabilidade nas cidades amazônicas: estudo de caso em Belém do Pará (Paper 471)
Authors: Tavares Angelo Cezar Pinho , França Samara Avelino de Souza
Published: July 2020

O objetivo do artigo foi analisar as condições de urbanização e de saneamento na cidade de Belém do Pará diante do cenário da pandemia pela COVID-19. A partir de indicadores populacionais, habitacionais e de saneamento extraídos da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua, observou-se que: (i) na situação habitacional, o valor médio de moradores por domicílios (2,9) é inferior ao do país, mas que existe grande possibilidade desse números ser maior em outras áreas de ocupação da cidade, podendo dificultar medidas de distanciamento social; (ii) que 74,4% dos domicílios em Belém tem proprietários definidos, mas cuja porcentagem restante necessita, emergencialmente, da ampliação de programas assistenciais de acesso à moradia digna; e (iii), quanto ao saneamento, embora mais de 90% dos domicílios possua água canalizada, existem aqueles cuja fonte de água pode ser considerada insegura e, ainda, onde a disponibilidade não é diária, o que dificulta ações de higiene pessoal e doméstica. Conclui-se, como reflexão central, a necessidade de integração das políticas de urbanização, habitação e saneamento como ferramentas do poder público nas ações de enfrentamento ao novo coronavírus e pandemias futuras.Palavras-Chave: Belém. COVID-19. Urbanização. Saneamento.
Agricultura familiar, desenvolvimento rural e as políticas públicas de preservação da natureza: reflexões sobre o Código Florestal Brasileiro (Lei 12.651/2012)
Authors: De Oliveira Ana Luisa Araujo , De Oliveira Luiz Paulo Araujo
Published: July 2020

Este artigo tem o objetivo de refletir como o debate sobre a agricultura familiar foi traduzido nas políticas referenciadas como ambientais, colocando em análise o Código Florestal (Lei 12.651/2012). Para tal, foi utilizada a metodologia de revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa documental aos marcos legais que regulamentam a política pública mencionada. Os resultados apontam que, apesar dos avanços na compreensão da agricultura familiar, nos últimos cinco anos são observados retrocessos em sua conceituação. A implementação do Código Florestal evidencia isso, ao considerar apenas o critério de área (até quatro módulos fiscais) para classificar os imóveis rurais inseridos no Cadastro Ambiental Rural como pertencentes a agricultura familiar.
“Somos todos parentes”: as relações de parentesco na comunidade quilombola de Macapazinho, Santa Izabel-PA
Authors: Guimarães Jamilly Brito , Oliveira Myriam Cyntia Cesar de
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho buscou identificar e descrever as relações de parentesco na comunidade quilombola de Macapazinho, município de Santa Izabel, Pará. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na análise dos discursos e observações das práticas dos grupos familiares. As informações foram obtidas a partir de entrevistas, com questionários direcionados aos membros das respectivas famílias. Os resultados demonstram que as relações de parentesco presentes nos estabelecimentos familiares pesquisados são imprescindíveis para garantir a reprodução social do modo de vida tanto interno, quanto às atividades cotidianas e do ciclo agrícola dessas famílias, quanto em nível comunitário, onde essas relações se expressam na prática social do mutirão como um fator essencial da união da comunidade. Infere-se que toda ação coletiva, seja no ambiente doméstico ou de uso comum, encontra coesão nas relações de parentesco pautada na reciprocidade dos vínculos humanos construídos no decorrer da vivência diária, sendo esta a principal estrutura organizacional da comunidade.
Invisibilidade da pluriatividade da mulher quilombola: o caso de Moju-Miri
Authors: Pontes Maria Cristina Cordeiro Lopes , Steward Angela May
Published: July 2020

As comunidades quilombolas são grupos sociais que possuem formas próprias de organização social, ocupando e usando territórios e recursos naturais como condição para sua reprodução cultural, social, religiosa, ancestral e econômica, fazendo uso de conhecimentos, inovações e práticas gerados e transmitidos pela tradição. Neste artigo o propósito foi verificar como ocorre o trabalho feminino dentro da comunidade quilombola Moju Miri, localizada município de Moju, Estado do Pará. O estudo procura verificar o papel das mulheres na produção, sobretudo identificar a participação das mulheres nas atividades produtivas que compõem a economia doméstica; e como é percebido o trabalho das mulheres na família e na comunidade, além de trazer a luz questões sobre a invisibilidade do trabalho feminino nas comunidades quilombolas. Justifica-se a natureza deste estudo, pela geração de informações sobre as mulheres quilombolas, que poderão servir de base para elaboração de políticas públicas futuras. Entre os principais resultados, percebe-se que as mulheres quilombolas de Moju Miri são mulheres que dedicam a maior parte do tempo às tarefas domésticas e ao extrativismo, inseridas no conceito de pluriatividade. O que nos leva a refletir quanto á necessidade de refutar percepções negativistas que tendem a reduzir e discriminar o papel das mulheres quilombolas; pois essas desempenham um papel fundamental na comunidade, contribuindo de forma significativa para a economia doméstica e a vida social da comunidade.
SAÚDE MENTAL E INTERVENÇÕES PSICOLÓGICAS DURANTE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19: UM PANORAMA
Authors: Borloti Elizeu , Haydu Verônica Bender , Kienen Nádia , Zacarin Marcela Roberta Jacyntho
Published: July 2020

Impactos da COVID-19 sobre a saúde mental foram considerados no presente estudo, com o objetivo de avaliar aspectos relativos ao controle da disseminação da doença, à adesão aos procedimentos de tratamento e de prevenção, e às intervenções psicológicas de escolha. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura, tendo sido abordadas descrições do impacto de epidemias no comportamento e na saúde mental da população em geral e dos profissionais da saúde. Além disso, foram descritas as intervenções psicológicas de escolha aos principais problemas de saúde mental em pandemias, incluindo aspectos gerais de sua aplicação remota. Os sintomas e transtornos mais frequentemente observados e que requerem intervenções são estresse agudo, estresse pós-traumático e desregulação emocional (envolvendo ansiedade, raiva e depressão). É relevante enfatizar contingências envolvendo a incontrolabilidade dos fatos e a gravidade dos eventos como precipitantes ou potencializadores desses sintomas e transtornos. Portanto, elas devem ser consideradas por aqueles que usam a mídia para promover mudanças no comportamento da população em relação a doenças infecciosas pandêmicas. Esses resultados revelam a importância da prevenção da contaminação, do tratamento médico das pessoas infectadas e do apoio psicológico às famílias e aos profissionais de saúde.Palavras-chave: COVID-19; saúde mental; adesão; tratamento psicológico.
PROMOÇÃO DE ISOLAMENTO SOCIAL NA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: CONSIDERAÇÕES DA ANÁLISE COMPORTAMENTAL DA CULTURA
Authors: Amorim Virgínia Cordeiro , Guimarães Thais Maria Monteiro , De Almeida João Aristides Tomaz , Vanderlon Yan , Abdala Miguel
Published: July 2020

O mundo enfrenta atualmente a pandemia de COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease, Doença do Coronavírus). Como até o momento não há vacina disponível, estudos recentes apontam estratégias não farmacêuticas como as mais eficazes para a evitação de novos contágios, como o isolamento social. Diante disso, é necessário compreender os procedimentos culturais/comportamentais e as variáveis envolvidas na promoção do isolamento social para controlar a COVID-19. Assim sendo, são objetivos deste artigo: a) descrever metacontingências e macrocontingências envolvidas nas estratégias adotadas para promoção do isolamento social e b) discutir tais medidas como possíveis estratégias de planejamento cultural. Para tal, consultamos estratégias de combate à pandemia adotadas pelo Governo do Estado de São Paulo. Foram encontradas ações governamentais que podem ser descritas como metacontingências com objetivo de promover macrocomportamentos e entrelaçamentos de contingências que aumentem o Índice de Isolamento Social. Tal índice, por sua vez, afetaria a taxa de contágios por COVID-19. Discutimos os impactos das estratégias de combate à pandemia à luz do planejamento cultural. Esperamos que as discussões abordadas no presente trabalho possam auxiliar no planejamento de estratégias para promoção de isolamento social e da consequente sobrevivência das culturas.Palavras-chave: COVID-19; Isolamento Social; Metacontingência; Macrocontingência; Planejamento Cultural.
Método de sedación-amnesia-anestesia con methohexital sódico durante el parto en perfusión continua gota-gota
Authors: Tuberquia Carvajal Julio César , Yepes Grisales Flabio , Ochoa Mejía Germán
Published: July 2020

Se estudian 330 pacientes parturientas a quienes se les aplicó MHS en perfusión continua gota-gota buscando en ellas producir amnesia sin que se produjeran complicaciones feto-maternas.A 250 pacientes se les analiza una serie de datos importantes de los cuales se sacan las conclusiones ya anotadas. Se recomienda este método en especial para zonas rurales y se revisa la bibliografía existente al respecto. Se concluye que es inocuo para la madre y el hijo, de muy fácil control por parte del médico y que no produce complicaciones graves. Se recomienda en el Servicio del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, se insiste en su aprendizaje por parte de los médicos internos.
Nuestra experiencia con el Clomifeno
Authors: Ruiz Velasco Victor , Bailón Uriza René , Salas Edmundo
Published: July 2020

En nuestra primera comunicación "Resultados cón el uso de clomifeno" (11), además de presentar nuestros resultados iniciales, hicimos una amplia revisión de la farmacología, propiedades, probables mecanismos de acción y utilización clínica de esta droga, tan utilizada hoy en día para la inducción de la ovulación y por ende la obtención de embarazos en mujeres con problema anovulatorio.
Sulfato de magnesio como tratamiento único de la toxemia gravídica
Authors: Tenorio C. Cesar , Payán de la R. Julio C.
Published: July 2020

Presentamos, después de un breve recuento histórico, los resultados obtenidos en nuestro servicio con el uso de sulfato de magnesio como droga única para el tratamiento de la preeclampsia severa y eclampsia. Revisamos 52 historias de las cuales tomamos 19 en las que no influyó para nada el parto.Recordamos finalmente la importancia de un diagnóstico correcto para el buen uso y resultados de este esquema de tratamiento.