bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN KONSUMSI KOPI DAN MEROKOK DENGAN TEKANAN DARAH LAKI-LAKI DEWASA
Authors: Kurnia Steven Hezkia Tri , Malinti Evelin
Published: April 2020

High blood pressure is one of the causes of mortality in Indonesia. Many Indonesians are smoker and has a coffee consumtion habit. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between smoking habits and coffee consumption on blood pressure of adult men in Kampung Mokla, West Bandung Regency. The method used in this study is a cross sectional method with a non-probability sample collection technique, namely convenience sampling. A total of 62 respondents participated in this study. More than half of respondents have the habit of smoking and consuming coffee. Most respondents are moderate smokers in terms of the number of cigarettes consumed per day. The type of filter cigarette consumed more than the type of clove cigarrete. The duration of smoking> 20 years has the highest number of respondents. Based on the level of coffee consumption most respondents classified as having a low and moderate consumption level. Whereas the duration of coffee drinking wa >10 years. About ¾ of respondents experienced an increase in blood pressure and even hypertension. Chi square test showed that there was a significant relationship between the number of cigarettes per day and the length of time drinking coffee with systolic blood pressure (p <.05). Increased blood pressure can be influenced by various factors, so that further research on risk factors in patients with hypertension with a larger sample size needs to be done.

Keywords: blood pressure, coffee consumption, smoking habits

Tekanan darah merupakan tekanan yang dihasilkan pada saat darah mengeluarkan tenaga untuk melawan dinding pembuluh darah arteri. Tekanan darah tinggi (Hipertensi) merupakan salah satu yang menyebabkan kematian cukup tinggi di Indonesia. Masyarakat Indonesia banyak yang merokok dan mengkonsumsi kopi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dan konsumsi kopi terhadap tekanan darah laki-laki dewasa di Kampung Mokla Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode cross sectional dengan teknik pengumpulan sampel non-probability yaitu convenience sampling. Sejumlah 62 responden yang ikut serta dalam penelitian ini. Responden memiliki karakteristik perokok ringan, sedang dan berat, dan konsumsi kopi tingkat rendah, moderat dan tinggi.  Responden memiliki rata-rata tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik yang termasuk dalam kategori hipertensi tahap I. Hubungan antara kebiasaan konsumsi kopi dan merokok dengan tekanan darah pada laki-laki dewasa dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis chi square, dan didapati tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan (p>.05). Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara jumlah rokok perhari dan lamanya minum kopi dengan tekanan darah sistolik (p<.05). Peningkatan tekanan darah dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, sehingga penelitian lebih lanjut tentang faktor-faktor resiko pada penderita hipertensi dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar perlu dilakukan.

Kata kunci: Konsumsi Kopi, Merokok, Tekanan darah
NIPHARGUS FAUTOR, NEW SPECIES FROM GREECE (FAM. NIPHARGIDAE)(CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE AMPHIPODA 299)
Authors: Karaman Gordan S.
Published: April 2020

One new subterranean species of the family Niphargidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda), Niphargus fautor, sp. n. is described and figured from the wells in Greece (Epirus and Peloponnese), and its taxonomic relation to other known Niphargus species from Greece and adjacent regions is discussed.
REVIEW OF THE GENUS SOBASINA (ARANEAE: SALTICIDAE)
Authors: Prószyński Jerzy
Published: April 2020

The genus Sobasina Simon, 1898 (Araneae: Salticidae) from Pacific Islands is reviewed and its main diagnostic characters (internal structures of epigyne, body shape, palps) documented for all species in a comparative way. The systematic position of the genus is shown to be non-aligned to any major groups of Salticidae.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the rapid detection of Salmonella in desiccated coconut (DC)
Authors: Jayaratne, D.L.
Published: April 2020

This study was carried out to develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for the detection of Salmonella in desiccated coconut (DC). For the PCR detection of Salmonella, genomic DNA was extracted using the ‘boiling lyses’ method and the reaction was carried out with Salmonella genus specific primers enabled to amplify 457bp sequence covering invA and invE genes. Samples of DC produced in mills already tested for Salmonella using conventional cultural methods gave identical results with the present PCR method indicating its suitability for adoption in routine testing. 

The sensitivity checked using DNA extracted from artificially inoculated DC with serially diluted inoculum of Salmonella M1 type showed that the developed PCR method can be used to detect very low levels of contamination of Salmonella as low as 4 CFU/g in DC. 

The method described here reduces the testing and detection time from 6 days to 24 hours ensuring exporters to obtain Salmonella test reports just prior to shipment.
Control of pink discoloration in coconut water
Authors: D. B. Masa
Published: April 2020

The pink discoloration in coconut water is a result of the initial enzymatic action of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) on the phenolic substrates which are naturally present in the product. Activity of the enzyme is further enhanced by metal contamination such as copper and exposure of the product to high temperature during its processing and storage.

The optimum copper concentration to initiate pinking in coconut water was established at 3.96 x 10-04 mM. The PPO level was also shown to vary among coconut varieties and ages. When subjected to optimum conditions for enzymatic activity, the water from younger nuts (7-8 months old) went pink while mature nuts (9-10 months old) showed no discoloration. Application of food-grade resins to remove the phenolic substrates in coconut water was deemed as a possible solution to prevent the discoloration. Further testing in this area needs to be done.
Coconut Carbon Sequestration Part 2 / Strategies for the Carbon Market & Simulating Potential Incomes for Coconut CDM Projects
Authors: O. Roupsard
Published: April 2020

The following article is a review of possible strategies of the coconut sector facing the carbon market, through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Protocol of Kyoto, but also through Non-Kyoto (voluntary) initiatives. It sums up the conditions for certifying plantations, together with recent statistics of similar projects accepted by UNFCCC, which are currently displaying a rapid growth rate. It stresses the complexity of the CDM, but also the accessibility for coconut energy & afforestation + reforestation (A/R) projects, considering that coconut plantations do actually correspond to the definition of “forest”.

Using recent scientific information on C cycle of coconut plantations and coconut oil, it proposes also a simulation of the expected potential profitability of coconut energetic and A/R projects. From the point of view of the farmer and of the oil mill, in absence of any CDM project (the reference here), the value-added comes mainly from local processing of the copra into coconut oil. When implementing a short-term A/R project (t-CER), the value-added by C fixation in the ecosystem would be ca. +15 to +19%, as compared to the copra and oil references. When implementing a long-term project (l-CER), the value-added would reach +40 to +52%. When implementing an energy-oil project solely, the value-added by C fixation in the coconut oil would be only +5% (this not including other benefits at national scale, however). When implementing a dual A/R + energy-oil project, the value-added by C fixation would be +19% for t-CER, and +45% for l-CER with respect to the copra and oil references. These results are just potential values given for example, suspected to vary much according to the actual conditions of coconut plantation productivity, management and also C market conditions. However, the simulation clearly supports every APCC initiative in this direction.
Properties of Malaysian Solid Coco-Lumber
Authors: Khairul, M.
Published: April 2020

Solid coco-lumber is relatively a new raw material in Malaysia’s furniture industry. However, different situations can be seen in the Philippines and Indonesia as they are actively producing and marketing coconut wood-based products. In this study, the physical and mechanical properties such as moisture content, basic density, Modulus of Rupture (MOR), Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), shear stress, compression parallel to the grain, thickness swelling and water absorption properties of Malaysian solid coco-lumber were determined. The solid coco-lumber was divided into inner and outer parts and were tested under two different conditions i.e. green and air-dry conditions. The study showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the air-dried outer part of the solid coco-lumber were 50% higher compared to the inner part under both conditions. The results proved that the properties of coconut wood tested are very useful to the emerging coco-lumber based furniture industry in Malaysia.
Market Level Price Analysis of Copra Trading in the Philippines
Authors: Susan M. Rivera  , Flordeliza A. Lantican
Published: April 2020

The dynamics in market level prices was examined for Philippine copra trading. The analysis of the price formation process in the copra miller-dealer-farmer markets showed that a weak form of market integration characterized the trading of copra resecada between dealers and millers in all Philippine regions. In contrast, integration of any form was absent between miller-farmer and dealer-farmer in all regions except in Region V. Likewise, no integration was noted in all market levels when dealers and millers used copra resecada price while farmers were given the copra corriente Pasa price. Important factors were identified that contributed to the level of market integration.  Recommendations made encompass areas on coconut production and productivity, market infrastructure and facilities, and pricing system in copra trading.
Metal Coated Coir Fiber for Smart Textile Applications
Authors: U. S. Sarma
Published: April 2020

Thermo regulated textiles attracted attention in cold countries for outdoor activities in extreme winter conditions. Temperature regulation of textiles for use in adverse environmental condition can be achieved by integrating heat regulated natural fibers into textile construction. Coir being an abundantly available, cheap and biodegradable natural fiber seems to be a material worthy of investigation. Light weight and insulation of coir fiber add to the comfort of the wearer in textile application.

In this study, coir surface is made conductive by metal coating and temperature regulation is achieved by applying a small voltage. Copper, aluminium and silver metals are used for coating the coir fiber surface. Thin film coating on one side of coir fiber is done by vacuum deposition technique. Temperature regulation of upto 12 degrees is found to be possible by the application of a potential of about 1 Volt. Analysis of variance is used to compare the effect of thickness of coating and type of coating material on heat production with respect to voltage. Metal coating on coir fiber is found to provide a versatile combination of physical, thermal and optical properties and can be subjected to textile processing without any problem for the development of smart textiles.
Nurturing a Rural Community by Introducing Coconut Sap Sugar Technology in a Philippines Remote Location
Authors: Erlene C. Manohar
Published: April 2020

The farm level technology of processing coconut sap sugar from toddy is a social enterprise which created a significant change in the livelihood of the people dependent on the coconut trees in Aroman, Carmen, North Cotabato. Technical skills acquired through training, appropriate facilities, capital and access to market are the key factors in developing a farm-level technology were used to emerge a commercially viable social enterprise. Indicators of change were gauged through change in income, equality of income distribution and preference in household expenditure. The increased income was disposed of by an increase in the cost of living and altered purchasing preferences. Significantly, the highest change of expenditure was on food and less in education notably 25.81 and 20.44 percent. In the case of income distribution, even with 2.39 percent increase on the percent share of the lowest 20% income group, there was an improvement in the income of the farmer-processor “after” the project implementation. But still, the community remains within the inequitable income distribution status group. It is expected that another year of business will have further favourable impact on income distribution among the respondents.
Enhancement of Properties of Coir Geotextiles by Natural Rubber Latex Coating
Authors: U.S. Sarma
Published: April 2020

Coir geotextiles find application in revegetation of slopes by stabilizing the soil through erosion control. It has been found that the longevity of coir geotextiles although highest among all the natural fibres, it is required to last for at least 5 years so as to sustain the vegetation on the slopes for a long term solution. Normally it is found that coir geotextiles lose their 50% strength in 6 months in contact with soil, therefore it is required to strengthen the coir geotextiles.

This work involves the coating of coir geotextiles with natural rubber latex which could enhance the longevity of coir geotextiles in various civil/bio engineering applications. The rubber latex coated coir geotextiles which are eco-friendly have superior mechanical properties and better durability compared to the conventional uncoated coir geotextiles.

This paper reports the coating of coir geotextile using natural rubber latex and a comparative study of the physical and mechanical properties of the treated and untreated coir geotextiles.
Development of Indian Breakfast Foods with Coconut Flour
Authors: Lalitha Ramaswamy
Published: April 2020

Coconut flour was incorporated in five Indian breakfast foods at 10%, 20% and 30% level by replacing the major cereal of each dish and organoleptically evaluated. Adai made with 10% incorporation had obtained the maximum scores, while those made with 20% and 30% were hard and rubbery. Uppuma made with 10% incorporation was almost equal to that of standard while the 30% incorporated one was unfit for consumption. Similarly mooli paratha made with 30% incorporation was crisp, however with 10% incorporation they were soft and acceptable. Vermicelli kichadi made with 30% incorporation was sticky, while the variation made with 10% was acceptable. Poories made with 10% incorporation were acceptable and the flavour was desirable due to the unique coconut flavour, however as the proportion of coconut flour increased the poories became crisper. Results of ANOVA show that there is a significant difference between the variations on account of coconut flour incorporation and with the standard. The fibre content of the most acceptable recipes was 4g more, while the carbohydrate and fat content were less than the standard which helps in combating disease conditions like obesity and diabetes mellitus. Therefore novel foods can be formulated with coconut flour and popularised.
Effect of Rock Phosphate on Nutrient Status and Nut Load of Mature Coconut in South-Western Ghana
Authors: E. Andoh-Mensah
Published: April 2020

The effect of rock phosphate on mature coconut was evaluated from 2004 to 2010 within the context of low nut yield due to phosphorus deficiency in the acidic soils of South-Western Ghana. A low reactive Togo rock phosphate containing 25.5% P205 was applied. Three application schedules based on 666 kg/ha rock phosphate and a control were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design with five replications. The application schedules were: (a) Bulk application at 4.5 kg/tree (b) Two-equal-split application at 2.25 kg/tree in years 1and 3 (c) Three-equal-split application at 1.5 kg/ tree in years 1, 2 and 3. Muriate of potash fertilizer was applied at 2 kg/tree as basal treatment. Plot size was 0.2 ha comprising 30 trees. Nut load and leaf nutrient status of coconut palms were determined. Rock phosphate led to a significant (P<0.01) increase in leaf phosphorus and nut yield. It sustained a superior nut load for a 4-year period beginning from year 2 of application to year 5 with average nut gain of 19.0 per tree compared to 4.6 per tree in the control palms. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in nut yield and nutrient status between bulk and split methods of rock phosphate application. A value-to-cost ratio of 1.5 was obtained thus indicating the profitability of rock phosphate application in the acidic soils of South-Western Ghana. Coir geotextiles find application in revegetation of slopes by stabilizing the soil through erosion control. It has been found that the longevity of coir geotextiles although highest among all the natural fibres, it is required to last for at least 5 years so as to sustain the vegetation on the slopes for a long term solution. Normally it is found that coir geotextiles lose their 50% strength in 6 months in contact with soil, therefore it is required to strengthen the coir geotextiles.
Distinguishing Coconut Oil from Coconut Paring Oil using Principle Component Analysis of Fatty Acid Data
Authors: J.M.N. Marikkar
Published: April 2020

A study was carried out to distinguish coconut oil from coconut pairing oil by the application of principal component analysis (PCA) to fatty acid compositional and iodine value data. Five samples of ordinary coconut oil extracted from five different batches of copra and five samples of coconut pairing oil obtained from five batches of dried coconut pairings were employed. Fatty acid composition and iodine values of oil samples were determined individually and the data were analyzed statistically. PCA analysis showed that lauric and oleic acid contents and iodine value data are the most influencing parameters to discriminate coconut oil from coconut pairing oil. Hence, the application of PCA to fatty acid compositional and iodine value data was successful in distinguishing coconut oil from coconut pairing oil.
Productivity of Three Dwarf Kopyor Coconut Varieties from Pati, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ismail Maskromo  , Sudarsono
Published: April 2020

Pati Dwarf Kopyor coconut originated from Pati, Central Java is one of the Kopyor coconut populations from Indonesia. Three varieties of Pati Dwarf Kopyor coconut, namely: Kopyor Green Dwarf, Kopyor Brown Dwarf and Kopyor Yellow Dwarf out of six potential varieties have been officially released as local superior varieties by the Minister of Agriculture, Republic of Indonesia at the end of 2010. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the stability of Kopyor fruit production among provenances of Pati Dwarf Kopyor coconuts. Evaluations were conducted especially for the three recently released varieties of Kopyor coconuts. Observations were carried out in 2011 and the collected data were then compared with Kopyor fruit production data collected in 2009 -2010. In three different locations, representatives of 10 Kopyor coconut provenances for each Kopyor variety were observed; therefore, a total of 90 trees were evaluated in this experiment. Observations were conducted for number of total bunches per palm, number of total fruits/per bunch, and the number of harvested Kopyor coconut fruits/per bunch. Three bunches were selected for each of the evaluated provenance. Results of the observation indicated that the observed yield and yield parameters of three Pati Dwarf Kopyor coconut varieties fluctuated by the year of observations. However, in general the observed yield and yield parameters among three varieties were similar. The average number of total bunches observed among three varieties evaluated ranged from 9.6-12.1 bunches per palm; the average number of fruits/per bunch ranged from 5.3-12.4; and the average number of harvested Kopyor fruits/per bunch ranged from 2.0-3.8. The estimated number of total fruits/palm/year among the three varieties ranged from 53.8-128.1 and the percentage of Kopyor fruit production observed among the three varieties evaluated ranged from 24.8-38.9 %. The estimated number of total harvested Kopyor fruits/palm/year ranged from 20.5-39.2, respectively. Rainfall pattern might affect directly or indirectly toward yield and yield components of three Pati Dwarf Kopyor coconut varieties.
Fatty Acids Profile, Oxidative and Hydrolysis Stability of Virgin Coconut Oil and Palm Stearin Based Human Milk Fat Analog
Authors: Steivie Karouw
Published: April 2020

The objectives of the research are to evaluate fatty acids profile, oxidative and hydrolysis stability of human milk fat (HMF) analog by using virgin coconut oil (VCO) and palm stearin as raw materials. The HMF analog was synthesized through enzymatic interesterification catalyzed by lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. The fatty acid profiles of interesterification products were monitored using gas chromatography. Oxidative stability test was carried out for up to 72 hours at 60oC. The peroxide value was measured during 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours of storage duration. Hydrolysis stability test was held for up to 8 days at room temperature. The free fatty acid content was monitored during 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days of storage. The results showed that the resulted HMF analog having high percentage of palmitic acid in the sn-2 position, similar to that of HMF. The palmitic acid content in the sn-2 position was around 39.71%. The MCFAs were esterified in the sn-1 and sn-3 position and the main fatty acid constituent was lauric acid of 39.37%. The obtained HMF analog was stable to oxidative and hydrolysis deterioration as indicated by the peroxide value and free fatty acid content during storage.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers Amendments on Inflorescence and Flower Morphology and Yield of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)
Authors: Abdul Hameed Solangi
Published: April 2020

A study was conducted at the Plant Introduction Center (PIC), Southern Agricultural Research Center (SARC), Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC), Karachi for the effect of Organic {Neem Seed Powder (NSP) and Gliricidia sepium leaves (GSL)} and Inorganic {(Urea (N), Di-ammonium phosphate (P) and Murait of potash (K), (NPK)} Fertilizers Amendments on Inflorescence and flower Morphology and Yield of Coconut. The experiment consist of eight treatments namely; T1 (NPK + NSP + GSL), T2 (NPK+ NSP), T3 (NPK+ GSL), T4 (NSP + GSL), T5 (NPK), T6 (GSL), T7 (NSP), T8 control without treatments. The experiment was laid down as Complete Randomized Block Design replicated three times. The results demonstrated that the number of spikelets with female flowers were significantly high in T1 to T7 as compared to T8 treatment. The 1st spikelets with number of female flowers (48.97) were significantly (p<0.05) high in T1 as compared to T2, T3, T4 and T8.  In case of stalk length (38.05 cm) it was significantly (p<0.05) high in T1 as compared to T8. The findings of the study indicated that the number of nuts (99.33) and fruit weight (1490.77 g) were significantly (p<0.05) highest in T1 as compared to T3 to T8 and T2 to T8 treatments, respectively. The T1 treatment also showed better fruit length (25.75 cm), fruit breadth (42.97 cm), husk weight (448.66 g), shell weight (278.11 g), kernel weight (434.22 g) and nut water (188.77 ml) with significant differences in some of the treatments. The application of organic amended with inorganic fertilizers, enhanced the growth and nut production in nutrient deficient soils. It is therefore, recommended that treatment T1 {NPK+NSP+GSL)}/palm/year was enough to improve the morphological, inflorescence, flower morphology, high nut production, better income to coconut farmers, economical and beneficial for conservation of coconut genetic resources in coastal area of Pakistan.
Efficient Method of Transporting Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Zygotic Embryos for Cryopreservation of Plumules by Encapsulation/Dehydration
Authors: H D D Bandupriya
Published: April 2020

Coconut is both socially and economically important crop in tropical and subtropical countries, thus the conservation of existing diversity of its germplasm is vital to maintain biodiversity, sustain crop production and utilisation of germplasm for crop improvement strategies. The recalcitrant storage behavior and large size of the coconut seed make it impossible to use as a germplasm storage material. Cryopreservation is an ideal means of long-term storage of germplasm which offers long-term storage capability with minimal storage space and maintenance requirements. The coconut embryo has been now adapted by various researchers for the purpose of germplasm exchange and it is now being routinely applied in germplasm collection and exchange activities with sufficient germination rates. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of different coconut embryo transport/ storage methods [as solid endosperm plugs under cold temperature, embryos cultured in Solidified Agar Medium (SAM) or KCl solution under room temperature] on cryopreservation of plumules using encapsulation/dehydration method. The results revealed that plumules excised from embryos transported/ stored in SAM and pretreated with 1.0M sucrose could be cryopreserved with 71.8% survival and 56% recovery rates. The survival and recovery could be further increased up to 77.5% and 65% respectively by supplementation of 1.0M sucrose with 20 µM ABA.
Production Technology for Kopyor Coconut Seednuts and Seedlings in Indonesia
Authors: Hengky Novarianto  , Ismail Maskromo  , Sudarsono
Published: April 2020

Kopyor coconut is a naturally-occurring mutant having fluffy solid endosperm in stead of the normal one. Similar type of coconut has been found in several other Asian countries, with their distinct local names, such as Macapuno (Philippines), Makhrao Kathi (Thailand), Dikiri Pol (Sri Lanka), Thairu Thengai (India). It is a delicacy coconut to Indonesian and sells as much as ten times higher than normal coconut. In nature, three types of kopyor coconut exist in Indonesia: kopyor tall, kopyor dwarf, and kopyor hybrid. There are three kopyor dwarf varieties (‘Pati Kopyor Green Dwarf’, ‘Kopyor Yellow Dwarf’ and ‘Kopyor Brown Dwarf’) officially released, and one registered tall variety (‘Puan Kalianda Kopyor Tall’). In general, kopyor fruit yield under natural conditions is only < 25% of the total harvested fruits for both the tall and the dwarf types. Traditionally, Indonesian farmers harvest kopyor fruits at ten  months after pollination while normal fruits at 11 months. They use the harvested normal fruits for propagation; but cannot guarantee whether or not they would produce korpyor fruit. Adoption of kopyor seedling production through embryo culture has been done. However, the seedling production is slow, while the price is very expensive, thus unaffordable to common farmers. Indonesian Palm Research Institute and Bogor Agricultural University have collaborated to develop alternative approaches to increase kopyor fruit production through the production of seedling that would ensure to produce korpyor fruit through control pollination. Initiated since 2010, the activities successfully overcome uncertainty in kopyor seedling production. Moreover, hybridization among local superior coconut varieties and known kopyor one have been done to broaden genetic background of kopyor trait and to develop breeding population for new kopyor varieties in the future. Overview and update of research progress on korpyor in Indonesia are presented in this paper.
Shelf Life and Quality Evaluation of Deep Frozen Coconut Cream, Coconut Scrapings and Coconut Slices
Authors: K.D.P.P. Gunathilake
Published: April 2020

Coconut kernel is the major energy source in the diets of coconut producing countries. Ready to use coconut milk/kernel has a great demand in the market specifically for its nutty flavor. Studies were conducted to evaluate the storage quality of deep frozen coconut cream, scraped coconut and coconut slices. Coconut cream pasteurized and scraped coconut and coconut slices were blanched at 70 °C for 1.5 minutes. A known weight of each product was packed in nylon low density polyethylene, triple laminate and polyethylene and stored in a freezer at -18 °C. The shelf life was evaluated by free fatty acid content (FFA), peroxide value (PV) and total microbial load. The acceptability was tested using a triangle test with a 25 semi trained panelists in two weeks intervals for two months. FFA content increased during the storage period, but none of the products exceed the standard level of 1% The development of FFA in products packed in triple laminates was slow and peroxides were not detected up to 8 weeks of storage period. At the 8th week, microbial count reached to 106. Sensory study revealed that the organoleptic properties of all three coconut products were within the acceptable range though products showed differences sometimes, after 4 weeks storage compared with fresh samples. The results indicated that the minimum shelf life of the frozen coconut products is 8 weeks.
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Kopyor Dwarf Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)
Authors: Miftahorrachman  , Sukmawati Mawardi  , Hengky Novarianto3
Published: April 2020

Breeding programs of kopyor dwarf coconut require a population base with high genetic diversity especially for characters that relate to fruit production. The study aims to determine the appearance of three kopyor dwarf coconuts from Pati District and correlations among 13 characters of Kopyor Green Dwarf, Kopyor  brown dwarf, and Kopyor Yellow Dwarf and to study twelve vegetative and generative  characters which directly and indirectly affect the number of fruits. The study was conducted at The Paniki Experimental Garden, North Sulawesi, Indonesia from August 2015 to February 2016. The design used was randomized block design with three treatments and three replications. Observed thirteen characters including number of bunches (NB), number of fruit (NF), number of leaves (NL), number of leaflets (NLL), width of leaflets (WLL), length of the leafleats (LLL), length of petiole (LP), width of petiole (WP), thick of petiole (TP), length of rachis (LR), length of leaf (LL), height of stem (HS), and girth of stem (GS). Path analysis among morphological characters to number of fruits was worked out using the formula of Singh and Chaudary. Results of variance analysis showed Kopyor Green Dwarf and Kopyor Brown Dwarf significantly differed from Kopyor Yellow Dwarf. Results of simple correlation analysis found no correlation among twelve characters with number of fruits for the three  kopyor dwarf coconut, but the results of the path analysis of characters NL (r=0.5627), NLL (r=0.5920), HS (r=0.4861), and GS (r=0.6123) for the Kopyor Green Dwarf; NB (r=0.4241), LP (r =0.6390) , WP (r = 0.8705), LR (r = 0.5235), and LL (r = 0.6257) for the Kopyor  Brown Dwarf; and WLL (r = 0.8413), LLL (r = 0.5617), TP (r = 0.5864), LR (r =1.5795), and LL (r = 1.0228) for the Kopyor Yellow Dwarf directly affect the number of fruits. These characters can be used for basic selection in breeding of kopyor coconut.
Perceptions of Farming Community in Relation to Problems in Farming and Prospects of Coconut Mite Management in Bangladesh
Authors: M. Nazirul Islam
Published: April 2020

A study was conducted to analyze community perception on homestead agro-biodiversity and conservation of coconut genetic resources at Bagharpara Upazila (Sub district) of Jashore district, Bangladesh in October 2011. Tools and techniques of Participatory Rural Appraisals (PRA) were utilized to identify the socio-economic factors and agronomic practices influencing homestead agro-biodiversity. The participants identified coconut as a leading species in the homesteads. Communities suspected that the wave (electro-magnetic) generating from mobile phone towers was the cause of damaging coconut in their villages. Being disheartened with continuous yield loss, the farmers have resorted to fell down their coconut trees and shifted to cultivating fruit trees or suitable field crops. The research team used the matrices of PRA to develop a problem tree, which marked mite infestation in coconut as the focal problem. The developed problem-tree was transposed into an objective tree. Based on the objective tree, the research team was able to develop and implement a three-year research project on mite management in coconut involving farmers as implementers. The intervention stimulated community knowledge and skills towards mite management and conservation of unique traditional coconut varieties.
Adoption of Recommended Plant Protection Measures for the Management of Major Coconut Pests by Coconut Growers in Kurunegala District, Sri Lanka
Authors: W.G. Ruvani Subhathma
Published: April 2020

Coconut production in Sri Lanka is threatened by pest and diseases. Therefore, different remedial measures have been introduced by Coconut Research Institute (CRI) to safeguard the plantations. This study was carried out to determine the adoption of recommended plant protection measures to manage major pests of coconut by the growers in different land categories. The growers were selected from Kurunegala district, which is the major coconut growing district in coconut triangle in Sri Lanka. Findings of the study revealed that more than 70 percent of the growers in all land categories above 2Ac had adopted technologies recommended by CRI to control black beetle. Technology adoption was around 60 percent for red weevil control, around 30 percent for coconut mite and around 65 percent for plesispa beetle. It was also noted that the decision making on the adoption of different technologies is affected by the perceptions of the growers. Growers’ perception was determined by two factors, information receiving sources and occurrence of pest attacks in their fields. Further, it was found that the growers are having limited access to latest technologies in pest control. In addition, the study revealed that unawareness of technologies and low attention for coconut farming was the two major reasons for poor adoption of the recommended technologies. It is concluded that coconut growers in Kurunegala district require more awareness regarding recommended plant protection measures to manage major coconut pests and strengthen extension programes.
Coir Pith – A Medium for Oil Absorption
Authors: Anita Das Ravindranath
Published: April 2020

Coir pith, the byproduct of coconut husk, due to its abundance nature and its porous structure can be effectively used for oil adsorption. Modification of coir pith to make as hydrophobic may allow them to be used for oil adsorption. Oil spills can destroy marine aquatic life and have a great impact on environment. In this study coir pith have been treated enzymatically (Lipase, Protease & Glucanase) and chemically (Acetylation) to impart hydrophobicity and to enhance oil adsorption capacity. The coir pith samples were characterized periodically by FTIR, SEM. The extent of acetylation was evaluated by weight percent gain.The results suggests that acetylated coir pith could be beneficial in oil adsorption and potentially provide a low cost environmentally friend adsorbent for oil spill.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO PSICOMOTOR NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Santos Ferreira Alessandro
Published: April 2020

Durante a infância as crianças passam por diversos momentos, sendo uma fase que é necessária muita atenção no seu  esenvolvimento motor, cognitivo e afetivo. Este estudo de natureza descritiva através de estudos bibliográficos tem como objetivo  nalisar a contribuição da Psicomotricidade na Educação Infantil, como um processo de desenvolvimento global que envolve todo o  orpo. O desenvolvimento psicomotor tem a função de assegurar o desenvolvimento funcional, tendo em conta as possibilidades da  riança, e ajudar sua afetividade a se expandir e equilibrarem-se, através do intercâmbio com o ambiente humano. O objetivo deste  rtigo é conhecer sobre os conceitos do tema Psicomotricidade e enfatizar sua importância para a Educação Infantil, posto que a  quisição do desenvolvimento motor possibilite à criança a tomada de consciência do seu corpo por meio do movimento.
Pelvik Taban Bozukluklarında Kullanılan Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tedaviler
Authors: KÜÇÜKKAYA Burcu , KAHYAOĞLU SÜT Hatice
Published: April 2020

Pelvik taban bozuklukları, ülkemizde ve dünyada yaşayan milyonlarca kadını ve yaşamını etkilemektedir. Yaş, obezite, menopoz, sigara kullanımı, doğum sayısı ve doğum şekli gibi birçok etmenle birlikte pelvik taban bozukluklarının prevalansında da artış olmaktadır. Pelvik taban bozuklukları (üriner/fekal inkontinans, pelvik organ prolapsusu, kronik pelvik ağrı, seksüel disfonksiyon) kadınları, ailelerini, kendi ihtiyaçlarını karşılayamayan bireylerin bakıcıları ve toplumu birçok yönden olumsuz etkilemektedir. Pelvik taban bozukluklarının tedavisi toplum bazında oldukça maliyetlidir. Pelvik taban bozuklukları semptomlarının tedavisinin erken dönemde invaziv veya farmakolojik tedavi yerine nonfarmakolojik olarak geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tedavilerin kullanımı ile etkin bir süreç yürütülmektedir. Bu çalışma, pelvik taban bozukluklarında kullanılan geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tedavilerini belirlemek amacı ile derlenmiştir. Pelvik taban kas egzersizleri ve akupunkturun inkontinans, prolapsus ve cinsel disfonksiyonun tedavisinde kullanıldığı; yoga, abdomen egzersizleri, masaj ve enerji terapilerinin inkontinans tedavisinde kullanıldığı; pilatesin pelvik taban kas gücünü arttırmada kullanıldığı; Gua Sha’nın pelvik ağrının tedavisinde kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tedavilerin kullanılmasıyla birlikte pelvik taban bozukluğu olan bireylerin hem yaşam kaliteleri hem de tedavi sürecine katılımları artacaktır. Multidisipliner bir ekibin üyesi olan ve ürojinekoloji alanında uzmanlaşmış hemşireler, pelvik taban bozukluğu olan kadınların bakımında ve tedavisinde önemli rollere sahip olup geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tedaviler hakkında bilgi sahibi olmalıdır.
Detecting and stabilizing periodic orbits of chaotic Henon map through predictive control
Authors: Deleanu Dumitru
Published: April 2020

The predictive control method is one of the proposed techniques based on the location and stabilization of the unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) embedded in the strange attractor of a nonlinear mapping. It assumes the addition of a small control term to the uncontrolled state of the discrete system. This term depends on the predictive state ps + 1 and p(s + 1) + 1 iterations forward, where s is the length of the UPO, and p is a large enough nonnegative integer. In this paper, extensive numerical simulations on the Henon map are carried out to confirm the ability of the predictive control to detect and stabilize all the UPOs up to a maximum length of the period. The role played by each involved parameter is investigated and additional results to those reported in the literature are presented.
Analysis of public - private partnerships in the maritime transport sector
Authors: Olteanu Ana
Published: April 2020

Unlike the traditional method in which the private investor realizes and sells the result of the work, a public-private partnership implies from the private sector quality assurance and long-term maintenance of the good / service. The projects resulting from these partnerships can provide Romania with a healthy and rapid economic development, taking into account the supplementation of the state's financial resources with the private sector, but great attention must be paid to the risks that may arise due to the long term realization and the complexity of such projects. From the public-private partner viewpoint, Romania is at an early stage because at a local level there are no clearly allocated responsibilities and the level of decision making is not known, there is no unitary institutional approach to such projects, in general, most of the risks need to be assumed by the private sector, which also faces a relatively low financial power given that the business environment is not very favorable to investment.
A birds eye view on international convention on liability and compensation for damage in connection with the carriage of hazardous and noxious substances by sea (HNS) 1996
Authors: Adascalitei Oana
Published: April 2020

The International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea (HNS) 1996 provides for the first time a legal international framework dedicated to pollution from hazardous and noxious substances carried by ships. The HNS 1996 is largely modeled after the CLC-IOPC Fund regime, with a system of liability/compensation on two tiers sharing the costs between the shipowner and the cargo receiver. A Protocol to the Convention – 2010 HNS Protocol was adopted to
introduce modifications that facilitate a faster entry into force of the Convention. The herein Article aims to present the main features of the 1996 HNS Convention.
Internal audit and risk management
Authors: Dragan Cristian
Published: April 2020

Maybe we have never spoken in Romania at such a high level about an activity which for the western internal auditors represents a subject that caught attention a long time ago, and which is very useful in their activities concerning internal audit activities. We are talking about risk management.
The concept and the appearance of internal audit committees
Authors: Dragan Cristian
Published: April 2020

The Audit Committee is a concept of Corporate Governance, whose main concerns are focused on organizing and ensuring the proper functioning of internal control, internal audit, and its relationship with external audit. Audit committees have emerged from the need to send recommendations to the general management or board, to understand them and provide needed assistance for their implementation.
For these reasons, the boards of directors thoroughly oversee the qualifications of committee members, their autonomy towards managers, the information they receive from auditors, and what they report.
The functionality of breakwaters systems for Mamaia Bay
Authors: Anton Iulia-Alina , Anton Catalin
Published: April 2020

Year by year, the coastal zones are constantly changing due to the action of waves, tides, and human impact. The shoreline has been particularly influenced by the human impact over the years, especially by the location of hydro-technical construction to prevent erosion or floods. Thus, the problem of coastal erosion appears as an effect of sediment transport, modifying shore morphology. In this paper, we intend to study the hydrodynamic of the Romanian Coastal zone and the wave regime alteration due to the protection systems.
Substantiation of factors and criteria of efficiency evaluation of the military automated control system operation
Authors: Korenivska Ilona
Published: April 2020

The article deals with outcomes of the conducted research, which are valuable for the Armed Forces personnel of all levels involved in the ensuring the military automated control system (MACS) operation. The article is devoted to the urgent issue of efficiency evaluation of the MACS operation. The analysis of existing methods of efficiency evaluation of the MACS operation is conducted; the approaches to the definition of the MACS operation efficiency are analyzed. It was found inconsistencies in the existing methods of efficiency evaluation of the Military Automated Control System and principles of modern Automated Control System operation based on the analysis. The substantiation of the sustainability factor (criteria) as the main factor (criteria) of the efficiency of the aviation and air defense Automated Control System (ACS) operation is conducted in the article.

The usage the proposed factor to evaluate the efficiency of the MACS operation allows considering not only the network structural sustainability but also its own sustainability, taking into account the limited bandwidth of the communication system. This approach will help reduce the cost of the Armed Forces of Ukraine to lease digital streams.
Presepsin Levels in Emergency Patients with Bacterial and Viral Infection
Authors: Apiratwarakul Korakot , Srimookda Nipa , Phungoen Pariwat , Ienghong Kamonwon , Tiamkao Somsak , Bhudhisawasdi Vajarabhongsa
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a major problem with a high mortality rate, and emergency rooms are the first service point at which sepsis patients are treated. Blood presepsin levels are used as a tool to identify patients who may suffer from sepsis caused by bacterial infection, necessitating immediate antibiotic treatment.AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate presepsin levels in patients with bacterial and viral infections in the emergency department.
METHODS: This was a prospective study consisting of 88 patients over 18 years of age who visited the Srinagarind Hospital emergency room and fulfilled one or more criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Presepsin levels in the leftover blood specimens were tested.
RESULTS: In the bacterial infection group, 63.6% of the patients were male, and the mean age was 43.7 ± 10.5 years. Mean presepsin levels were 2904.73, pg/ml in the bacterial infection group and 204.88 pg/ml in the viral infection group.
CONCLUSION: Presepsin levels in the bacterial infection group were significantly higher than in the viral infection group, in which they were below the standard cutoff point.
A Rare Case Report of a Consecutive Rib Fractures as an Isolated Obstetrical Complication
Authors: DjakoviÄ‡ Ivka , Potkonjak Ana Meyra , Murn Filip , ZubÄiÄ‡ Vedrana , KoÅ¡ec Vesna
Published: April 2020

AIM: The aim of the following paper is to present the case of a term neonate with consecutive posterior rib fractures as an isolated finding after birth.
METHODS: In the medical literature, there have been reported some sporadic cases indicating rib fractures in neonates. We present literature review and report a rare case of consecutive posterior rib fractures in neonate born following an uneventful pregnancy and uncomplicated labor.
MAIN FINDING: The most common factors that can lead to rib fractures are birth trauma, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and underlying disorders influencing bone development. In the presented case, there were no signs of other bone fractures or systems involved.
CONCLUSION: Isolated form of consecutive posterior rib fracture after birth is a rare obstetrical complication. It is most likely caused by birth trauma but should be interpreted as a clinical sign of the potential syndrome. A decision whether to perform an X-ray depends on a physical examination of the newborn within the 1st h of life.
Development of a Nursing Guideline for Improving Skin Integrity in High-Risk Infants
Authors: Ahn Young Mee , Lee Sang Mi , Cho Jung Ae
Published: April 2020

Background:

High-risk infants are highly susceptible to skin impairment caused by invasive procedures, radiant warmers, and phototherapy, in addition to their intrinsic vulnerability. This leads to a vicious cycle that aggravates the risk of skin infections. Concerns have been raised that neonatal nurses may lack knowledge regarding feasible guidelines to improve skin integrity of high-risk newborns.

Method:

A clinical guideline was developed for neonatal skin care practices based on skin physiology, and its educational effects on the knowledge and confidence of neonatal nurses was evaluated. A booklet was developed on skin care practice guidelines divided into topics determined through a nationwide survey.

Results:

Using a quasi-experimental design with 46 neonatal nurses, education with this booklet improved nurses' knowledge of skin care practices but not their confidence.

Conclusion:

These findings highlight the importance of implementing a tailored systematic program rather than a single educational session on skin care in high-risk infants for neonatal nurses.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2020;51(5):238–244.]