bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low efficiency of “blank” insulators used to protect birds on overhead power lines
Authors:   Environmental Center “Dront”, Matsyna A.I.
Published: October 2023

The results of a special research carried out in the arid zone in the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia (Russia) demonstrate the low efficiency of “blank” insulators installed earlier on 6–10 kV overhead power lines (OPLs) as bird protection devices (BPDs). The materials of inspection of territories with different types of 6–10 kV power lines, not equipped with “blank” insulators and any types of BPDs, were used for a comparative analysis. It was found that on average that 1.62 dead birds (of all species) are encountered per one kilometer of 6–10 kV power lines equipped with “blank” insulators. For territories of similar power lines not equipped with additional insulators, the average frequency of encounters is 1.77 dead birds per one km of power lines. Thus, the use of “blank” insulators shows insignificant reduction of bird hazard – on average by 8% compared to the control, and cannotbe characterized as a measure sufficient to ensure the safety of wildlife during the operation of overhead power lines. Research shows that there are numerous cases in which the installation of “blank” insulators and their subsequent operation leads to the opposite effect – bird hazard of 6–10 kV overhead power lines equipped in this way increases.
Saving raptors in Mongolia: country-scale retrofitting of insulation to reduce avian electrocution at power lines
Authors:   Mohamed Bin Zayed Raptor Conservation Fund, Dixon A. , Batbayar N. ,   Wildlife Science and Conservation Center, Bold B. ,   Wildlife Science and Conservation Center, Purev-Ochir G. ,   Mongolian Bird Conservation Center, Gunga A. ,   Mongolian Bird Conservation Center, Virani M. ,   Mohamed Bin Zayed Raptor Conservation Fund
Published: October 2023

The delivery of electricity to widely dispersed communities across the open steppe grasslands of Mongolia depends on medium-voltage (10–35 kV) distribution lines, often carrying power over substantial distances. Previously utilizing wooden supports, upgraded and new distribution lines are now designed to be cheaper, using steel-reinforced concrete poles with galvanized steel crossarms that can carry an electrical charge to the ground. Consequently, any bird that perches on these poles and simultaneously touches a conducting cable can be electrocuted, which is a significant risk for medium to large-sized birds at 10 kV and 15 kV lines utilizing pin-insulators. Surveys and monitoring of these dangerous power lines revealed that raptor electrocution rates were high, especially in areas with abundant prey, and widespread across steppe habitats. With around 3,500 km of hazardous lines in the Mongolian steppe zone, it was estimated around 18,000 raptors, including 4,000 Saker Falcons, were electrocuted each year. Experimental trials indicated that retrofitting insulation could significantly reduce electrocution risk. However, off-the-shelf mitigation equipment was either not suitable or too expensive to be deployed at scale in Mongolia. Consequently, we designed and manufactured our own equipment to meet our six criteria of being (i) effective, (ii) durable, (iii) failsafe with (iv) no impact on power supply, (v) simple to install and (vi) low cost. This equipment comprises acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA) insulation covers that fit over the crossarms and a concrete pole tops of standard line poles, suitable for retrofitting existing lines and being incorporated into new lines. Over to 34,425 poles at 67 power lines covering a linear distance of 3,450 km, at an equipment cost of less than USD $40 per pole. Comparison of carcass counts indicated a significant reduction in electrocution events. To our knowledge, this is the largest single powerline retrofitting project globally, demonstrating that effective mitigation can be deployed at scale, saving tens of thousands of raptors from electrocution for a relatively low cost. We hope to use this project as an exemplar to focus attention and attract funding to address the issue of raptor electrocution at a global scale.
Retrofitting Errors in Bird Protection Devices
Authors:   EDM International, Inc., Dwyer J.F.
Published: October 2023

Pylons around the world are being retrofitted with Bird Protection Devices (BPDs) to reduce the risk of avian electrocutions. When installed correctly, BPDs can be highly effective. When installed incorrectly, however, BPDs may allow electrocutions to continue on retrofitted pylons. This presentation will provide examples of correctly and incorrectly installed BPDs to help audience members identify four categories of retrofitting errors: product design errors, mitigation plan errors, improvisation errors, and application errors. Product design errors occur when products do not sufficiently cover energized equipment. Mitigation plan errors occur when retrofitting plans do not consider all potentially dangerous locations on a pylon. Improvisation errors occur when home-made covers do not meet requirements for coverage, electrical resistance, environmental conditions, or durability. Application errors occur when appropriate materials or techniques are installed or applied incorrectly. After providing and explaining examples of each type of error, the audience will participate in identifying errors in photos of additional pylons.
Expanding Raptor Protection to Include Collision Prevention and Substation Management
Authors:   EDM International, Inc., Dwyer J.F.
Published: October 2023

Electrocution mitigation is frequently the first step electric system operators take to manage raptor mortality on overhead electric systems. As electrocutions are addressed, operators often begin to distinguish carcasses found under pylons (electrocutions) from carcasses found mid-span between pylons (collisions), and begin to identify avian concerns in electrical substations, including raptor electrocutions. Each of these concerns, mid-span collisions and substation electrocutions, can involve raptors. This presentation will summarize the current state of the art in managing avian collisions, including raptor collisions, discussions of line markers, installation of line markers via uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS, drones), and illumination of power lines with ultraviolet light. The presentation will then summarize management techniques to prevent raptor electrocutions in substations, including discussions of perimeter fencing, internal fencing, equipment covers, perch deterrents, nest management and laser light. The presentation will conclude with examples of installation errors in Bird Protection Devices (BPDs) in electrical substations.
Hadad Ppproject: Migratory Falcons Reintroduction in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors:   World Nomad Union, Momunaliev K.
Published: October 2023

The Hadad international project in Kyrgyzstan is implementing in accordance with the program of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia dedicated to 'brighter future for the environmental efforts and conservation projects'. This project is pursuing balanced and smooth reintroduction process of migratory falcons in order to restore sustainable biodiversity in Central Asian region. Through the joint efforts of the two teams, we established a base for transporting of 115 falcons from Saudi Arabia to the Kyrgyz Republic. Upon arrival, the birds are going to be released into the wild under a specially developed reintroduction protocol. Preliminary expeditions to the nesting habitats of falcons and studies of different factors such as feeding base and anthropogenic threats have been conducted, and the preffered landscape for the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) was described to make the release process as successful as possible. Along with technical activities, scientific tasks are carried out as well, both accomplished and planned for the future. Some of them are listed below: 1) reintroduction approaches and methods, 2) DNA analysis, 3) study of migration routs of the released falcons (to be analyzed by means of satellite tracking), 4) local falcons population distribution, 5) development of soft rehabilitation period and training process methodology, 6) using innovative GIS computer technologies to store and present observation data.
Vegetation in the vicinity of the Okunevye Lakes (the Subpolar Urals, the Yugyd Va National Park)
Authors: Degteva S. , Zheleznova G.
Published: October 2023

The article presents new information about the plant cover diversity of the study site within the large nature protected area, the Yugyd Va National Park, that is poorly studied in the botanical aspect. It characterizes the vegetation of light woodland, mountain-tundra, and bare rock belts and demonstrates the change of phytocenoses along the height gradient.
Assessment of Nutritional Status Using SGA (Subjective Global Assessment) and MIS (Malnutrition Inflammation Score) Tools in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Gumilang Rizky
Published: October 2023

Introduction: One of the problems often found in patients undergoing hemodialysis is changes in their nutritional status. Patients with hemodialysis who are malnourished have a higher risk of disease and death. This nutritional disorder can be overcome by assessing nutritional status. Apart from using the SGA (Subjective Global Assessment) method, the MIS (Malnutrition Inflammation Score) method can also be used. The aim of this study was to compare differences in nutritional status of patients on hemodialysis using the SGA and MIS instruments.
 
Methods: This research was a quantitative research with a cross-sectional design. The research sample consisted of 75 patient with hemodialysis at one of military hospital, who were selected using non-probability techniques with a total sampling approach. The statistical test used is the Mann-Whitney test with level of significance 0.05 to compare differences between variables.
 
Results: Using the SGA tool, it was found that more than half of respondents (66.7%) were in the moderate nutrition category, while only 9.3% were in the malnutrition category. In contrast, with MIS tools, it was found that 34.7% were in the mild malnutrition and not malnourished category, while 65.3% were in the moderate to severe malnutrition category. Furthermore, statistical analysis shows that there is a significant difference (p = 0.001) between the use of SGA and MIS in assessing nutritional status in patients with hemodialysis.
 
Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a difference between the use of SGA and MIS in assessing nutritional status in patients with hemodialysis. Further research, could explore more for the advantages and disadvantages of each instrument, including the level of accuracy and sensitivity.
Integration Analysis of Community Satisfaction and Customer Satisfaction Index in Padang Public Service Mall
Authors: Amalda Aviva , Magriasti Lince
Published: October 2023

MPP which stands for Public Service Mall is a building in which to practice services in the field of administration or licensing. The purpose of its establishment is to provide convenience, speed, security and comfort as well as affordable services for the community in receiving direct services in the same place. In this study, we will discuss the community satisfaction index using the customer satisfaction index (NCSI) at the Public Service Mall for the community in Padang City. Qualitative methods become the methods used which are research methods that produce descriptive data in the form of writing, speech, or object behavior. The data obtained is sourced from the official website of the Padang City Public Service Mall and from direct observations at the Padang City Public Service Mall. And it was obtained that the value of the Community Satisfaction Index for the Padang City Public Service Mall reached 87.30% with a perfect score above 95%. If referring to the ratio of CSI scores, the Community Satisfaction Index in MPP Padang City received a Good predicate with a value of 87.30%. This certainly brings a breath of fresh air which is expected to continue to evolve at higher numbers and better service quality as well. So it can be concluded that the community satisfaction index in the public service mall in Padang City is already at a good level according to the Customer Satisfaction Index standard.
Keywords: Public Service; Community Satisfaction Index; Customer Satisfaction Index
Análise multiescalar aplicada à avaliação de erosão hídrica linear para área tropical subúmida situada na região Sudoeste do estado de Goiás - Brasil
Authors: Nunes Elizon Dias , Castro Selma Simões de
Published: October 2023

A erosão hídrica linear envolve desagregação e transporte de materiais provenientes dos solos e resulta da energia do escoamento superficial, sendo que seu estudo pode envolver distintas variáveis e metodologias em diversas escalas. Este artigo apresenta uma proposta metodológica em etapas, destinada à análise em três sucessivas formas de abordagem envolvendo: relações entre compartimentos morfopedológicos e padrões de densidade e área de contribuição erosiva; a configuração morfométrica, morfográfica, pedológica, de uso/ocupação/manejo e magnitude das feições; e entre escoamento superficial/gradiente altimétrico, em referência à Segunda Lei da Termodinâmica, e as incisões erosivas no sistema vertente em área selecionada do município de Mineiros e arredores, região sudoeste do estado de Goiás. A proposta foi testada para 5679 feições erosivas lineares mapeadas por imagens de alta resolução espacial referentes ao período 2016 – 2020 distribuídas nos diferentes compartimentos morfopedológicos (CMP) delimitados pela relação espacial entre substrato, relevo e solos. Os resultados mostram que cada CMP apresenta padrões distintos de concentração de feições erosivas e de área de contribuição erosiva; configurações morfométrica e morfográfica próprias, bem como segmentos preferenciais onde o comprimento de fluxo, declividade e forma da vertente associadas às classes de solos e uso do solo, influenciam no padrão e área de contribuição erosiva.
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Prezi Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik Pada Mata Pelajaran IPS di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Jamil Nurasiah
Published: October 2023

Teachers require effective learning media to cultivate critical thinking skills in students, and Prezi is recognized as one such media. This study aims to explore the impact of utilizing Prezi as a learning medium on students' critical thinking skills in social studies at SMP Negeri 3 Bandung. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method was employed for this research, utilizing a non-equivalent pre-test and post-test control design. The study involved two classes: Class VIII.2 as the experimental group and Class VIII.4 as the control group. The primary instrument used was a questionnaire on critical thinking skills, consisting of 34 items, distributed through Google Forms. The findings indicate that the use of Prezi as a learning medium in social studies significantly improved students' critical thinking abilities, with a significance value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05. In contrast, the control group, which utilized PowerPoint as the learning medium, showed a less significant impact on critical thinking skills, with a significance value of 0.002, greater than 0.05. When comparing the critical thinking abilities of students in both groups, there was no significant difference, as indicated by a significance value of 0.231, which exceeds 0.05.
Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran IPS melalui Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek
Authors: Sasi Galuh
Published: October 2023

The low motivation and learning outcomes of students in social studies subjects at Kanisius Gayam I Elementary School challenge teachers to develop innovative approaches related to models, methods, media, learning resources, and evaluation. This study aims to describe the implementation of a project-based learning model to enhance motivation and improve learning outcomes in grade V social studies at Kanisius Gayam I Elementary School. This study falls under the category of Classroom Action Research and involves thirty fifth-grade students at Kanisius Gayam I Elementary School during the 2022/2023 school year. The research focuses on assessing the impact of the project-based learning model on motivation and learning outcomes in social studies. The research employed various instruments, including observation sheets, student learning motivation questionnaires, and tests. Data analysis involved both quantitative and descriptive qualitative methods. The results of the study are as follows: 1) Efforts to enhance motivation and learning outcomes in fifth-grade students at Kanisius Gayam I Elementary School were made through the implementation of a project-based learning model. The steps involved fundamental questions, project planning, schedule preparation, project activeness and development monitoring, testing results, project evaluation, and project outcomes. 2) The study noted an increase in learning motivation from an initial average of 65.66 to 76.26 in cycle I and a further increase to 83.66 in cycle II. 3) Learning outcomes also showed improvement, with an initial average of 54.82 rising to 62 in cycle I and further increasing to 83.66 in cycle II.
Pelayanan Penerbangan Sipil Di Lapangan Udara Darmo Kota Surabaya Tahun 1929-1939
Authors: Zahir Zahir , Akhyat Arif
Published: October 2023

Civil aviation activities represent a significant advancement in modern transportation facilities within the city of Surabaya. The purpose of this article is to describe civil aviation services at Darmo Airfield in Surabaya from 1929 to 1939. This research employs historical research methods, including heuristics, source verification, interpretation, and historiography. The sources for this article are primarily derived from a literature study, with primary data collected from various newspapers published between 1929 and 1939. The findings of this study indicate that civil aviation services at Darmo Airfield commenced in 1929. Over the subsequent years, these services expanded to not only cover flight routes within the Dutch East Indies region but also extended to flights to Australia. Additionally, the establishment of civil aviation services facilitated the growth of airmail traffic to and from the city of Surabaya, contributing to the enhanced dynamics of population and goods transportation to and from the city during that period.
Improving Learning Outcomes and Learning Motivation in Mathematics Through Demonstration Methods with Number Card Media Assistance for Class I Students of SD Negeri 2 Samigaluh in Academic Year 2021/2022
Authors: Yawimah Siti
Published: October 2023

This study aims to improve the mathematics learning outcomes of class I students at SDN 2 Samigaluh for the 2021/2022 academic year. This type of research is Classroom Action Research which was carried out for 2 cycles with 2 meetings in each cycle. The results of the data in this study indicate that the learning outcomes of students have increased, namely, in cycle I, a percentage of 85.72% was obtained, and in cycle II a percentage of 100.00% was obtained. As for the results of the data on students' learning motivation, it showed a significant increase where in the first cycle the 1st meeting obtained a percentage of 52.57% and the 2nd meeting obtained a percentage of 72.94%. Whereas in cycle II, the 1st meeting obtained a percentage value of 85.51% and the 2nd meeting obtained a value of 90.11%. Thus, the use of the demonstration method using number card media aids can improve learning outcomes and learning motivation of class I students at SDN 2 Samigaluh in the mathematics subject for the 2021/2022 academic year.
Improving Collaboration Skills and Thematic Learning Outcomes Theme V Sub Theme 2 Using the Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) Learning Model for Class III Students at SD Negeri Bendo Samigaluh, Kulon Progo, Academic Year 2021/2022
Authors: Winanti Yuli
Published: October 2023

This research aims to improve collaboration skills and student learning outcomes in thematic subjects theme V sub-theme 2 class III in SD Negeri Bendo Samigaluh for the 2021/2022 academic year through the application of the Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) learning model. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which is carried out over two cycles with each cycle consisting of 2 meetings. The subjects in this research were 5 students in class III of SD Negeri Bendo Samigaluh, Kulon Progo Regency. The data collection technique in this research is through observation. The research results show an increase in students' collaboration abilities, where in cycle I an average score of 48% was obtained and in cycle II an average score of 74.25%. Meanwhile, the data on student learning outcomes also showed an increase. This was proven in cycle I, students who met the minimum completeness criteria obtained an average score of 75% and in cycle II students who met the minimum completeness criteria obtained an average score of 100%. Therefore, the application of the Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) learning model can improve collaboration skills and student learning outcomes in thematic subjects theme V, sub-theme 2, class V, SD Negeri Bendo Samigaluh for the 2021/2022 academic year.
Kewenangan Notaris dalam Membuat Akta Keterangan Waris bagi Para Pihak yang Berdomisili di Luar Tempat Kedudukan Notaris
Authors: Juliantika Mutia
Published: October 2023

This thesis aims to determine the authority of a Notary in the making of inheritance certificate deeds for parties who live beyond the Notary's place of residence. The problem formulated in this research is first, how to implement Article 111 of the ATR/BPN Ministerial Regulation Number 16 of 2021 on the third amendment to PMNA/Ka BPN Number 3 of 1997 on Provisions for Implementing Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 on Land Registration, second. What is the authority of a Notary in making an Inheritance Deed after the issuance of ATR/BPN Ministerial Regulation Number 16 of 2021 on the third amendment to PMNA/Ka BPN Number 3 of 1997 on Provisions for Implementing Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 on Land Registration. The type of this research is normative legal with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of this research indicate that first, the implementation of changes to Article 111 of the ATR/BPN Ministerial Regulation Number 2021 has had an impact on eliminating discrimination related to making land certificates for Indonesian citizens, and inheritance certificates can be made by Indonesian citizens to a notary in order to apply for inheritance. land certificate at the National Land Agency. Second, the authority of the Notary in making Inheritance Certificate deeds for all Indonesian citizens where the heir passed away at the Notary's place of domicile, the deed made by the Notary is a party deed (partij act) namely a statement of inheritance and an inheritance certificate Deed, has restrictions on the Notary's making the inheritance information, namely the position of a Notary only where the testator passed away, causes a clash of norms with the Notary's authority to make deeds in a provincial area. The government's suggestion is to provide information to the public that notaries can make inheritance certificate deeds for Indonesian citizens and notaries must be careful in making inheritance certificate deeds so that disputes do not occur in the future and the government can make a policy on order for every heir to be able to make inheritance certificate from all Notaries without exception where the domicile of the heir passed away while the authority of the notary is limited within the province
Convergent and Disperse Cyclic Multiverse Model (CDCMM)
Authors: Fan Chian
Published: October 2023

In this paper, spacetime is defined as the absolutely invariant homogeneous "coordinate spacetime" frame and its modulation by the relatively variable non-homogeneous "metric spacetime" under its constraints. This modulation is caused by matter and motion, and carries the function of transmitting interactions, reflecting the diffeomorphism invariance and Lorentz invariance. This inhomogeneous spacetime concept makes the medium nature of spacetime more obvious and avoids the problem of "path dependence" caused by the concept of curved spacetime. In this paper, it is argued that all energy-momentum has internal spatio-temporal properties, and all interactions must be transmitted through spacetime metrics. On this basis, a converging and dispersing cyclic multiverse model is proposed. This model of the universe is inevitable as long as there are two macroscopic manifestations of the matter of the universe, namely, gravitation induced convergence and "explosive" dispersion caused by different factors. The new cosmic model matches the observed accelerated "expansion" of the universe and no longer requires the dark energy hypothesis.
Roundabout Trajectory Planning: Integrating Human Driving Models for Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Leonardi Salvatore , Distefano Natalia
Published: October 2023

This research investigates the utilization of human driving models in autonomous vehicles, particularly in scenarios with minimal or no interactions with other vehicles. Human driving models provide valuable insights into driver behavior and play a crucial role in shaping the behavior of autonomous vehicles, enhancing their performance and user experience. The primary focus of the study is the creation of a planning model for autonomous vehicles when navigating roundabouts in the absence of traffic. This model seeks to emulate human driving behavior, ensuring predictability, safety, optimization of traffic flow, and adaptation to various roundabout geometries. To achieve this, the research introduces a trajectory model that takes into account geometric attributes and speed variations within roundabouts. The model is calibrated using empirical data and generalizes parameters through statistical regression methodologies. This model is referred to as "MRoundabout" and is evaluated for its consistency in generating plans that closely mimic human driving behavior within roundabouts. While the study presents a promising approach, it acknowledges limitations related to the model's reliance on geometric attributes and its inability to account for external factors like weather conditions. This research underscores the importance of bridging the gap between theoretical research and practical application, with the aim of enhancing safety and the overall user experience in real-world driving scenarios.
Ultra-Energy-Efficient Reversible Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata 8:1 Multiplexer Circuit
Authors: Alharbi Mohammed , Edwards Gerard , Stocker Richard
Published: October 2023

Energy efficiency considerations in terms of reduced power dissipation is a significant issue in the design of digital circuits for very large-scale integration (VLSI) systems. Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging ultra-low power dissipation approach, distinct from the traditional complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, for building digital computing circuits. Developing fully reversible QCA circuits has the potential to significantly reduce energy dissipation. The multiplexer is a fundamental element in the construction of useful digital circuits. In this paper, a novel, multilayer, fully reversible QCA 8:1 multiplexer circuit, with ultralow energy dissipation, is introduced. The proposed multiplexer power dissipation is simulated using the QCADesigner-E version 2.2 tool, describing the microscopic physical mechanisms underlying the QCA operation. The results showed that the proposed reversible QCA 8:1 multiplexer consumes 89% less energy than the most energy-efficient 8:1 multiplexer circuit presented previously in the scientific literature.
A Flexible FPGA-Based Stochastic Decoder for 5G LDPC codes
Authors: Tera Sivarama Prasad , Alantattil Rajesh , Paily Roy
Published: October 2023

Iterative Stochastic decoding is an alternative to standard fixed-point decoding of Low-density parity check codes (LDPC) to reduce inter-node routing. In this paper, we propose a Flexible Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-Based Stochastic decoding (SD) hardware architecture for LDPC codes in the Fifth-Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) Standard that supports decoding of set of various code rates. This decoder’s runtime flexibility is desirable to switch a better performing code rate automatically based on the channel conditions without the extra time needed for reprogramming of FPGA. An offline design method is implemented to generate the hardware description language (HDL) code description of the decoder for the required code-rate set, which is further synthesized and integrated into the Xilinx Kintex-7 series FPGA board to determine the hardware resource utilisation and processing throughput. The Synopsys design tools were employed during both the simulation and synthesis stages, in combination with TSMC 65-nm CMOS standard cell technology, to facilitate comparative analysis. Compared with state-of-the-art designs, the proposed architecture reduces hardware utilization by up to 26% and achieved energy efficiency by 52%.
Selected Plant Triterpenoids and Their Derivatives as Antiviral Agents
Authors: Wimmerová Martina , Bildziukevich Uladzimir , Wimmer Zdenek
Published: October 2023

The results of the most recent investigation of triterpenoid-based antiviral agents effective namely in the HIV-1 and HSV-1 treatment were reviewed and summarized. Several key historical achievements are included to stress consequences and continuity in this research. Most of the agents studied belong into a series of compound derived from betulin or betulinic acid, and their synthetic derivative called bevirimat. A termination of clinical trials of bevirimat in the Phase IIb initiated a search for more successful compounds partly derived from bevirimat or designed independently of bevirimat structure. Surprisingly, a majority of bevirimat mimics are derivatives of betulinic acid, while other plant triterpenoids, such as ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid or other miscellaneous triterpenoids, are relatively rarely involved in a search for novel antiviral agent. Therefore, this review article is divided into three parts based on the leading triterpenoid core structure.
Theory of Differences between Elements
Authors: Cardoso Carlos Eduardo Ramos
Published: October 2023

The Theory of differences between elements explains the reasons for the differences in physical concepts between different elements, such as quantum physics and the Theory of general relativity, being explained through observations. Thus, it is possible to conclude from the observations that the differences are motivated by the reactions between the elements, by the composition of the elements, and by the influence of the spaces that promote losses and gains of characteristics; therefore, there is no general similarity between quantum physics and the general Theory of relativity. The study aims to understand the elements and their physical concepts that make up the Universe.
Projective Geometry as a Model for Hegel’s Logic
Authors: Redding Paul
Published: October 2023

Recently, historians have discussed the relevance of the nineteenth-century mathematical discipline of projective geometry for early modern classical logic in relation to possible solutions to semantic problems facing it. In this paper I consider Hegel’s Science of Logic as an attempt to provide a projective geometrical alternative to the implicit Euclidean underpinnings of Aristotle’s syllogistic logic. While this proceeds via Hegel’s acceptance of the role of the three means of Pythagorean music theory in Plato’s cosmology, the relevance of this can be separated from any fanciful “music of the spheres” approach by the fact that common mathematical structures underpin both music theory and projective geometry, as suggested in the name of projective geometry’s principal invariant, the “harmonic cross-ratio”. Here I demonstrate this common structure in terms of the phenomenon of “inverse foreshortening”. As with recent suggestions concerning the relevance of projective geometry for logic, Hegel’s modifications of Aristotle respond to semantic problems of his logic.
A South African Study on Prevalent Risk and Protective Factors in Early Childhood: Ecological Systems Perspective
Authors: September Shiron Jade , Roman Nicolette Vanessa
Published: October 2023

It is essential to consider the factors that affect early childhood development because doing so can help identify potential risks and window of opportunity for intervention to improve outcomes for children. However, identifying risk and protective factors in early childhood requires careful consideration of several challenges and an integrated approach that recognises the complex and dynamic nature of development. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the prevalent psychosocial risk and protective factors in the early childhood development phase, using an ecological perspective. The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional study using a random sampling technique. The final sample consisted of 505 caregivers of children aged 5 years old and younger. This study revealed that the most prevalent protective factors include child self-regulation, parent-child warmth, family management and collective efficacy but more importantly social support. While risk factors may exist this is mitigated by social support as it moderates and buffers against the effects of risk factors, as indicated by the various research studies cited.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome Following Spinal Fusion Surgery in an Elderly Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Lee Jonggu , Lee Ho Jin , Heo Jae-Hyeok , Kim Jung Hee
Published: October 2023

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare immune-mediated polyneuropathy that rapidly leads to symmetric, ascending progressive weakness. Although GBS is typically associated with various infectious diseases, such as upper respiratory infections or gastroenteritis, it has also been reported following spine surgery. In this report, the authors present a case of GBS in an elderly patient after spinal fusion surgery and emphasize the importance of evaluating new-onset weakness in such cases. A 79-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and hypertension presented with weakness of the lower extremities and neurogenic claudication with chronic radicular pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed anterolisthesis at the L4-L5 level and disc protrusions with central and lateral recess spinal stenosis at L3-L4-L5. Following surgery, the patient complained of weakness and paresthesia in both upper extremities, prompting further investigation. An electrophysiologic study confirmed demyelinating neuropathy and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed elevated viral immunoglobulin levels and albumin-cytological dissociation despite negative bacterial and antiganglioside antibody tests. The patient received intravenous immunoglobulin infusion treatment and showed significant improvement, with full motor function recovery in all extremities after 6 weeks. The authors emphasize the importance of considering GBS in patients experiencing deteriorating neurological symptoms after spine surgery and suggest that electrophysiologic studies and CSF analysis are needed for an accurate diagnosis. Additionally, this report highlights the need for increased vigilance regarding the rapid onset of GBS symptoms in elderly patients following spinal surgery.
Historia desde los bordes:
Authors: Felix Asencio Erik Lionel , Auris Villegas David , Saavedra Villar Pablo
Published: October 2023

La historia desde los bordes es un planteamiento de la decolonialidad que pretende visibilizar la historia marginada-popular, con la intención de reivindicar/emancipar al hombre del Sur y colocarlo dentro del diálogo histórico-académico mundial. La historia local parece ser un camino viable para este propósito; de su enseñanza depende la reconstrucción y reconfiguración identitaria del pasado desde una óptica distinta a la moderna-occidental. El objeto de estudio es reflexionar, desde la óptica decolonial, sobre cómo la enseñanza histórica local y su vínculo con la identidad permiten ver otras posibilidades de educación frente al euro-norteamérica-centrismo. Los resultados del análisis bibliográfico determinan una relación entre lo local, identidad y decolonialidad-popular que puede configurarse como un método educativo de resistencia epistémica, por lo que se concluye que existe la necesidad, desde lo pedagógico, del repensar de la enseñanza mostrándole al estudiantado la contracara histórica que le permita identificarse y ser parte de la misma.
A Wireless Battery-Free Disposable Electrical-Digital-PCR Chip
Authors: Zhao Bo , Xuan Yangfan , Shen Yili , Xie Xin , Feng Xiangdong , Wang Weixiao , Yang Changgui , Zhao Xiangwei , Luo Yuxuan
Published: October 2023

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique is ubiquitous in molecular diagnostics to detect bacteria and viruses. Faced with numerous epidemics such as COVID-19, the massive and frequent detection has challenged the PCR equipment in miniaturization, cost efficiency, rapid and precise detection. Conventional fluorescence-PCR techniques suffer from huge and costly optical instruments and pre-lable process. In this work, we demonstrate a PCR system integrated on a single complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chip, i.e., electrical digital PCR (EdPCR) chip, where digital PCR detection is firstly realized by measuring the electrical impedance instead of fluorescence intensity. The proposed chip is implemented in 55nm standard CMOS process, which integrates an on-chip antenna for wirelessly battery-free readout as well as a post-fabricated array of 64 sensor pixels, realizing the highest pixel density (64 pixels/mm2) in the state of the arts. In addition, a harmonic-voting technique is proposed to offer a lower pixel error rate (PER) and thus a more accurate testing result. As the standard CMOS chip can be miniature and low-cost in mass production, the proposed EdPCR chip enables the PCR equipment to be portable and disposable, which eliminates the bulky optical instruments and pre-lable process required in conventional fluorescence-PCR methods.
A Fuzzy Based Classification and Labelling Framework for Effective Information Assets Security Risk Assessment
Authors: Alonge ChristianahYetunde , Adesemowo Kayode , Mustapha Abiodun Muyideen , Arogundade Oluwasefunmi Tale , Ibharalu Friday Thomas , Adeniran Olusola John
Published: October 2023

This study explores the pressing problem of security risk classification of information assets, which is a significant concern for businesses due to the lack of an efficient system aligning with information security standards and accounting for users’ preferences. Current strategies such as manual methods and machine learning techniques have shown limitations in effectiveness. The research introduces a Fuzzy-based Information Asset Classification and Labeling (FIACL) framework, implemented according to the ISO/IEC 27001 security standard. The FIACL framework consists of six key phases, namely, information asset classification, fuzzy inference system, information asset labelling, information security risk assessment, information asset handling, and storage. Data from various institutions were collected and utilised in assessing the FIACL's performance. The framework classified and labelled the information assets according to their security levels, followed by a risk assessment phase. Usability tests were performed using real datasets from the case studies and the Technology Acceptance Model. FIACL's performance was compared with an Expert based information classification system (ICS), demonstrating superior precision, recall, f-measure, and accuracy values (1.00, 0.89, 0.94, 0.89 respectively), indicating its improved efficiency in classifying information assets and mitigating security risks.
Non-Hermitian quantum correlations in the time domain: well beyond Luders bound
Authors: Chen Ping-Xing , Wu Chun-wang , Zhang Man-Chao , Zhou Yuan-Li , Chen Ting , Huang Ran , Xie Yi , Su Wen-bo , Ou Bao-Quan , Wu Wei , Miranowicz Adam , Nori Franco , Zhang Jie , Jing Hui
Published: October 2023

The powerful ability of achieving and manipulating strong spatial quantum correlations has helped the emergence of quantum information science. In contrast, strong temporal quantum correlations (TQC), playing an essential role in a wide range of physical and biological processes, have remained an elusive and long-standing challenge, hindering their practical applications. Here, for the first time, we experimentally demonstrate how to break the Lüders bound and to achieve the ultimate upper limit of TQC, by using a parity-time (PT)-symmetric single-ion system, within a standard measurement scenario. We achieve this goal by approaching an exceptional point (EP) in such a system, confirming the power of PT symmetry and non-Hermitian phase transition in enhancing purely quantum effects. Our work not only removes an important obstacle for TQC-based quantum engineering applications, but also sheds new light on operating quantum devices at EPs.
Prevalence and Patterns of Echocardiographic Abnormalities Among People Living With Hiv on Anti-retroviral Therapy in Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Ogyefo Isaac Nana , Obese Vida , Norman Betty Roberta , Owusu Isaac Kofi , Nkum Bernard , Kokuro Collins
Published: October 2023

Background
Echocardiography can be used to screen, confirm, and assist in the management of some cardiovascular diseases in PLWH. Thus, cardiac deaths from sub-clinical cardiovascular conditions or more apparent conditions like massive pericardial effusion with tamponade can be promptly identified and managed to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection. Since the introduction of ART in Ghana about two decades ago, there have been limited studies on the prevalence and patterns of echocardiographic abnormalities among PLWH on ART. This study was designed to assess the prevalence and patterns of echocardiographic abnormalities among PLWH on ART.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. PLWH on ART attending the HIV clinic at KATH and HIV-negative blood donors were consecutively recruited and enrolled in this study. There were 117 patients in each arm of the study. Interviews were performed using a standardized questionnaire. After a clinical examination was performed, all patients underwent a 2D and Doppler transthoracic echocardiogram. Prevalence and patterns of echocardiographic abnormalities were characterized.
Results
Echocardiographic abnormalities were more frequently observed and demonstrated a statistically significant difference between cases and controls, with an overall prevalence of 35.0% among cases and 19.7% among controls (p = 0.008). The echocardiographic abnormalities that demonstrated significant differences between cases and controls were left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (28.2% versus 8.6%; p = 0.000) and LV hypertrophy (7% versus 0.9%; p = 0.017).
Conclusion
Nearly 1 in 3 PLWH on ART had an echocardiographic abnormality in this Ghanaian study. Echocardiograms are recommended as helpful screening modalities in diagnosing cardiac abnormalities among PLWH on ART.
Indispensability of Ultra-High-Contrast Heating Lasers for Fast Ignition
Authors: Takizawa Ryunosuke , Morace Alessio , Abe Yuki , Arikawa Yasunobu , Zhu Baojun , Morita Hiroki , Lan Zechen , Dun Jinyuan , Tsuido Takumi , Yuga Karaki , Matsubara Hiroki , Law King Fai Farley , Liu Chang , Matsuo Kazuki , Yogo Akifumi , Iwamoto Akifumi , Nagatomo Hideo , Johzaki Tomoyuki , Nakai Mitsuo , Shiraga Hiroyuki , Kodama Ryosuke , Sentoku Yasuhiko , Fujioka Shinsuke
Published: October 2023

The enhancement of plasma heating efficiency is important for realizing inertial fusion energy, which follows the ignition achieved with the laser-indirect-drive central-ignition approach. An increase in the relativistic electron beam (REB) generation efficiency, an improvement in REB directivity, and the optimization of REB energy distribution are key for enhancing the heating efficiency in the fast ignition approach using laser-produced REBs. Here, we show that an extreme ultra-high contrast of the heating laser pulse is essential for efficiently heating high-density plasma using the fast-ignition approach of inertial confinement fusion. A heating efficiency enhancement of more than 2 x was obtained with a high-contrast heating laser compared to that obtained with the lower-contrast LFEX laser. The enhanced heating efficiency is ascribed to the significant reduction of the REB divergence and the increased number of electrons injected into the plasma. The interaction between the high-contrast laser and a plasma suppresses excessive acceleration of the REB The high contrast shortens the distance between the REB generation point and the high-density plasma. However, it is clarified that ultra-high contrast reduces the laser absorption fraction, future research on improving laser absorption for high-contrast lasers is required.
Improving accuracy and precision of heritability estimation in twin studies: Reassessing the measurement error assumption
Authors: Chen Gang , Moraczewski Dustin , Taylor Paul
Published: October 2023

In this study, we demonstrate the need for improvement in the conventional ACE model used for estimating heritability when applied to trait data with measurement errors. The critical issue revolves around an assumption concerning measurement errors in twin studies. In cases where traits are measured using samples, data is aggregated during preprocessing, with only a centrality measure (e.g., mean) being used for modeling. Additionally, measurement errors resulting from sampling are assumed to be part of the nonshared environment and are thus overlooked in heritability estimation. Consequently, the presence of intra-individual variability remains concealed. Moreover, recommended sample sizes are typically based on the assumption of no measurement errors. We argue that measurement errors in the form of intra-individual variability are an intrinsic limitation of finite sampling and should not be considered as part of the nonshared environment. Previous studies have shown that the intra-individual variability of psychometric effects is significantly larger than the inter-individual counterpart. Here, to demonstrate the appropriateness and advantages of our hierarchical modeling approach in heritability estimation, we utilize simulations as well as a real dataset from the ABCD (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) study. Moreover, we showcase the following analytical insights for data containing non-negligible measurement errors:
i) The conventional ACE model may underestimate heritability.
ii) A hierarchical model provides a more accurate assessment of heritability.
iii) Large samples, exceeding 100 observations or thousands of twins, may be necessary to reduce ambiguity.
In summary, our study sheds light on the impact of measurement errors on heritability estimation and proposes a hierarchical model as a more accurate alternative. These findings have important implications for understanding individual differences and for the design and analysis of twin studies.