bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Images, Land, and Places: Telling Indigenous Narratives and Histories
Authors: Martin Kathleen J.
Published: April 2020

Jennifer Graber’s The Gods of Indian Country (2018) and Pamela Klassen’s The Story of Radio Mind (2018) tell stories of Christian and settler-colonialist history from new vantage points highlighting two areas: (1) the importance of land and places, and (2) the use of images in research. Both authors spent time in the lands of their research, and both employ images and maps in meaningful ways. To understand Indigenous experiences on the land and the devastation of dispossession, knowledge of land and places is crucial; to reinterpret the visual record, Indigenous perspectives are imperative. However, largely missing in both texts are Indigenous feelings for the land and their interpretations of the visual record. Therefore, this essay is framed around three questions for scholarship regarding Indigenous spiritual traditions: (1) How can research help readers understand Indigenous stories of dispossession? (2) What guidelines should authors consider when attempting to rewrite/explore/investigate historical narratives? (3) In what ways can Indigenous perspectives revise stories of marginalization and contribute to revitalization?
Centering Indigenous People in the Study of Religion in America
Authors: Hale Tiffany
Published: April 2020

This essay considers Jennifer Graber’s The Gods of Indian Country and Pamela Klassen’s The Story of Radio Mind together in considering new developments in the field of Native American and Indigenous studies. Hale examines how these books discuss the role of religion in shaping settler colonialism in North America in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. She concludes that both works raise pressing methodological questions about how historians of religion can center the lives of Native American people in their work.
The Virgin Mary and the Universal Reformation of Paracelsus
Authors: Gantenbein Urs Leo
Published: April 2020

The first dated writings of Paracelsus are theological treatises on Mary, the Trinity, church criticism and scriptural interpretation. They were written in Salzburg in 1524/25. Paracelsus defended the purity and eternity of Mary and saw her as a goddess. The writing De genealogia Christi fulfilled the promise of metaphysical explanations. An anticlerical polemic written on the eve of the Peasants War meant a turn towards the Radical Reformation. Following the example of the church reformation, Paracelsus attempted in 1527 in Basel a reform of medieval medicine with experience in the first place.
The Rosicrucian Reformation
Authors: de Vries Lyke
Published: April 2020

The first two Rosicrucian texts, the Fama Fraternitatis and the Confessio Fraternitatis, were published in the early seventeenth century as mission statements of a secret fraternity. This article investigates a key aspect of these heterodox writings that is not fully explored in the existing literature, namely the call for a general reformation of religion, politics, and knowledge. This article compares this call for reform, which was embedded into an apocalyptic context, to medieval and early-modern prophecies and confessional views, and thereby aims to establish its origins and originality.
‘Teutonicus’
Authors: Hessayon Ariel
Published: April 2020

This article focusses on knowledge of Boehme and his work, particularly among English speakers, before his writings had been translated into English. Accordingly, it covers the period from 1624 to 1641. Unsurprisingly, the people under discussion here – with one known exception – were foreigners, emigrants or those who had travelled abroad. Moreover, as might be expected, they were not monolingual but usually had command of Latin and sometimes German and Dutch as well. Motivations for learning about and engaging with Boehme’s texts varied widely. For some the goal was evidently to achieve Protestant church unity, or at least to be forewarned about the nature of potential sectarian dissent. For others the impulse derived from a new spirit of prophecy that had sprung forth during the Thirty Years’ War – especially following the initial victories of Gustavus Adolphus. For others still, their concern was to accommodate Boehme within Paracelsian, alchemical-medical and Rosicrucian frameworks.
Theology from Listening
Authors: Grant Rhiannon
Published: April 2020

This publication explores the changes and continuities in liberal Quaker theology over the long twentieth century (1895 to 2019) in multiple English-speaking Quaker communities around the world. A close analysis is conducted of Quaker theologising through multiple modes: formal, corporate methods; material produced by individuals and small groups within Quaker communities; and writing by individuals and small groups working primarily within academic or ecumenical theological settings. It is concluded that although liberal Quaker theology is diverse and flexible, it also possesses a core coherence and can meaningfully be discussed as a single tradition. At the centre of liberal Quaker theology is the belief that direct, unmediated contact with the Divine is possible and results in useful guidance.
Transgender People’s Deterritorialization in Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness and Trace Peterson’s “After Before and After”
Authors: Lertlaksanaporn Tanrada
Published: April 2020

Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness and Trace Peterson’s “After Before and After” have been studied in several aspects related to transgender issues. The presentation of transgender people, especially the transgender protagonist in The Ministry of Utmost Happiness, has been criticized as a formulaic depiction with little portrayal of their struggles and triumphs. At the same time, the transgender protagonist is viewed positively as an integral force in the novel. The poem “After Before and After” has been praised for its creative portrayal of transgender people. A study of transgender issues in relation to desire and connection helps to show that both texts offer more possibilities of liberation towards the state of “becoming.” This study applies Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s theory of schizoanalysis to explore transgender people’s lines of flight, rhizomatic movements and transversal connections towards the state of deterritorialization in India and the US.
Five new species of Coeliccia Kirby, 1890 from Vietnam (Odonata: Platycnemididae), and information on several other species of the genus
Authors: KOMPIER TOM , DOW RORY A. , STEINHOFF PHILIP O.M.
Published: April 2020

Five new species of Coeliccia (Coeliccia caerulea sp. nov. [holotype: Bao Loc, Lam Dong Prov., appr. 11.449N, 107.712E], Coeliccia coronata sp. nov. [holotype: Bao Loc, Lam Dong Prov., appr. 11.726N, 107.713E], Coeliccia curua sp. nov. [holotype: Ba Be National Park, Bac Kan Prov. appr. 22.413N, 105.610E], Coeliccia diomedea sp. nov. [holotype: Tai Giang, Quang Nam Prov., appr. 16.006N, 107.507E], and Coeliccia pulchella sp. nov. [holotype: Huu Lien Nature Reserve, Lang Son Prov., appr. 21.662N, 106.373E]) are described from Vietnam. The females of C. galbina Wilson & Reels, 2003, C. hayashii Phan & Kompier, 2016 and C. suoitia Dow, 2016 are described. Coeliccia montana Fraser, 1933 is shown to be a junior synonym of C. pyriformis Laidlaw, 1932.
The South Asian Monsoon Circulation in Moist Isentropic Coordinates
Authors: Sabin T. P. , Pauluis Olivier M.
Published: April 2020

The atmospheric circulation during the South Asian summer monsoon season is analyzed in moist isentropic coordinates. The horizontal mass transport is sorted in terms of its equivalent potential temperature and is separated into the upper- and lower-tropospheric contributions. This technique makes it possible to trace the transport of air parcels over long distances, identify regions of convective motion in the tropics, and assess the impacts of diabatic processes. The goal here is to assess the thermodynamic characteristics of the atmospheric overturning associated with the South Asian monsoon and to connect this thermodynamic structure to horizontal transport. The monsoon is associated with a low-level inflow of warm and moist air, compensated by an upper-tropospheric outflow at high potential temperature. The South Asian monsoon differs, however, from other monsoonal systems in two important ways. First, the ascending air exhibits an unusually high equivalent potential temperature, which results in global lifting of the tropopause during the boreal summer. Second, on a seasonal basis the main monsoon regions appear to be shielded from dry air intrusion from the extratropical regions.
A Causal Inference Model Based on Random Forests to Identify the Effect of Soil Moisture on Precipitation
Authors: Li Lu , Shangguan Wei , Deng Yi , Mao Jiafu , Pan JinJing , Wei Nan , Yuan Hua , Zhang Shupeng , Zhang Yonggen , Dai Yongjiu
Published: April 2020

Soil moisture influences precipitation mainly through its impact on land–atmosphere interactions. Understanding and correctly modeling soil moisture–precipitation (SM–P) coupling is crucial for improving weather forecasting and subseasonal to seasonal climate predictions, especially when predicting the persistence and magnitude of drought. However, the sign and spatial structure of SM–P feedback are still being debated in the climate research community, mainly due to the difficulty in establishing causal relationships and the high degree of nonlinearity in land–atmosphere processes. To this end, we developed a causal inference model based on the Granger causality analysis and a nonlinear machine learning model. This model includes three steps: nonlinear anomaly decomposition, nonlinear Granger causality analysis, and evaluation of the quality of SM–P feedback, which eliminates the nonlinear response of interannual and seasonal variability and the memory effects of climatic factors and isolates the causal relationship of local SM–P feedback. We applied this model by using National Climate Assessment–Land Data Assimilation System (NCA-LDAS) datasets over the United States. The results highlight the importance of nonlinear atmosphere responses in land–atmosphere interactions. In addition, the strong feedback over the southwestern United States and the Great Plains both highlight the impacts of topographic factors rather than only the sensitivity of evapotranspiration to soil moisture. Furthermore, the SM–P index defined by our framework is used to benchmark Earth system models (ESMs), which provides a new metric for efficiently identifying potential model biases in modeling local land–atmosphere interactions and may help the development of ESMs in improving simulations of water cycle variability and extremes.
Challenges of Increased Resolution for the Local Ensemble Tangent Linear Model
Authors: Allen Douglas R. , Frolov Sergey , Langland Rolf , Bishop Craig H. , Hoppel Karl W. , Kuhl David D. , Yaremchuk Max
Published: April 2020

An ensemble-based linearized forecast model has been developed for data assimilation applications for numerical weather prediction. Previous studies applied this local ensemble tangent linear model (LETLM) to various models, from simple one-dimensional models to a low-resolution (~2.5°) version of the Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM) atmospheric forecast model. This paper applies the LETLM to NAVGEM at higher resolution (~1°), which required overcoming challenges including 1) balancing the computational stencil size with the ensemble size, and 2) propagating fast-moving gravity modes in the upper atmosphere. The first challenge is addressed by introducing a modified local influence volume, introducing computations on a thin grid, and using smaller time steps. The second challenge is addressed by applying nonlinear normal mode initialization, which damps spurious fast-moving modes and improves the LETLM errors above ~100 hPa. Compared to a semi-Lagrangian tangent linear model (TLM), the LETLM has superior skill in the lower troposphere (below 700 hPa), which is attributed to better representation of moist physics in the LETLM. The LETLM skill slightly lags in the upper troposphere and stratosphere (700–2 hPa), which is attributed to nonlocal aspects of the TLM including spectral operators converting from winds to vorticity and divergence. Several ways forward are suggested, including integrating the LETLM in a hybrid 4D variational solver for a realistic atmosphere, combining a physics LETLM with a conventional TLM for the dynamics, and separating the LETLM into a sequence of local and nonlocal operators.
Black and White Female Disproportional Discipline K–12
Authors: Hassan Hamida Hussein , Carter Vernon Brooks
Published: April 2020

The school-to-prison pipeline represents an educational environment that allows public schools to push many at-risk children out of school and into the juvenile justice or the adult criminal justice system. Consequently, this study explores the disproportionate rates of discipline when comparing Black and White female students in the national public-school system. Specifically, this research explored discipline outcomes for Black and White female students in kindergarten through 12th grade in five of the best academically performing states in the United States compared with five of the worse academically ranked states in the United States. Using the Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC) of 2013–2014 data, the exploration found Black female students were disproportionately suspended compared with White female students in both the high and low academically performing states. Similarly, Black female students experienced disproportionality rates (overrepresented) compared with White female students for school-related arrests. Overall, the disproportionality rates for Black female students suspended and arrested compared with White female students were higher in the academically higher ranked states.
Quick response codes as a complement for the teaching of Electronics in laboratory activities
Authors: Sánchez-Azqueta Carlos , Cascarosa Esther , Celma Santiago , Gimeno Cecilia , Aldea Concepción
Published: April 2020

Augmented reality is gaining presence in the classroom because it allows to combine the physical environment and digital information in real time. An implementation of augmented reality that is attracting great attention are quick response codes because they can be read immediately in smartphones and tablets using free apps. A teaching field where it is beneficial to provide a prompt access to supplementary materials are laboratory sessions in scientific–technical disciplines. There, students realize complex measurement tasks using specific instrumentation, and so it is convenient to access technical documentation and explanations of the measurement process during the session. This work describes how quick response codes can be introduced in laboratory sessions to provide links to specifically designed supporting resources. Thanks to this strategy, an improvement in the acquisition of experimental skills has been observed as well as a better and quicker realization of the practical sessions.
Unions and collective bargaining in Australia in 2019
Authors: Macneil Johanna , Bray Mark , Spiess Leslee
Published: April 2020

Early in 2019, in anticipation of a change in Federal government, the fate of unions and collective bargaining in Australia appeared likely to take a new direction. However, the re-election in May of the Morrison-led Coalition government changed all this. This article reviews the year in three main sections, focusing respectively on unions and union strategy; collective bargaining and collective agreements; and public policy, unions and collective bargaining. Despite some interesting twists, the overall themes are more of the same – the continuation of political partisanship towards unions and collective bargaining, and the reinforcement of adversarialism in the workplace.
Fear of Detection and Efficacy of Prevention: Using Construal Level to Encourage Health Behaviors
Authors: Achar Chethana , Agrawal Nidhi , Hsieh Meng-Hua
Published: April 2020

This research examines the psychological processes and factors that shape illness-detection versus illness-prevention health actions. Four experiments using contexts of mental health, skin cancer, and breast cancer show that illness detection evokes fear, which undermines engagement in detection behaviors. Considering detection at low (vs. high) levels of thought reduced fear and increased health persuasion. Illness prevention is driven by self-efficacy perceptions and considering prevention at high (vs. low) levels of thought increases persuasion. In further evidence of process, trait fear moderated the detection effects, and dispositional self-efficacy moderated the prevention effects. As an intervention, framing a detection action as serving illness-prevention goals increased people’s likelihood of engaging with an online breast cancer detection tool. These findings illuminate the psychology of detection as being distinct from the psychology of prevention, identify the role of fear in the consideration of health behaviors, and show contexts in which construal levels have divergent effects on health persuasion.
Wartime ties and the social logic of crime
Authors: Daly Sarah Zukerman , Paler Laura , Samii Cyrus
Published: April 2020

While ex-combatant reintegration is vital to successful transitions from war to peace, some former fighters turn to crime following demobilization. Such criminality undermines the consolidation of political order. Leading theories of crime participation emphasize the role of both individual economic opportunities and factors related to social ties. Yet, we still know little about the social logic of ex-combatant criminality and how social and economic factors relate as drivers of crime participation. This article presents a theory of how wartime social ties – namely, vertical ties to former commanders and horizontal ties to ex-combatant peers – influence ex-combatant crime on their own and via their relationship to economic opportunity costs. We use the theory to derive predictions in the context of Colombia, and then test them with a combination of administrative data and high-quality original survey data. We find that both vertical and horizontal wartime ties are powerful drivers of ex-combatant criminality. Our evidence indicates that wartime ties mitigate the risks of criminal behavior by facilitating the transmission of criminal capabilities and pro-crime social norms. We do not find that economic conditions moderate the effect of wartime times nor do we find any indication that economic opportunity costs, on their own, predict criminality. These findings underscore the importance of wartime ties – both vertical and horizontal – to understanding post-conflict transitions and designing reintegration interventions.
The Relationship between Job Quality and Crime: Examining Heterogeneity in Treatment and Treatment Effect
Authors: Jaynes Chae M.
Published: April 2020

Objectives:

This study evaluates the relationship between employment and crime through a holistic evaluation of both treatment and treatment effect heterogeneity.

Methods:

This study implements a perceptual measure of job quality (job satisfaction) and hybrid fixed effects models among a sample of high-risk adults. Analyses also consider the robustness of findings across alternative operationalizations of job quality and various sample subgroups.

Results:

Transitioning from not working to working in the lowest quality job can be criminogenic. Among those who are working, an improvement in job quality is not generally associated with offending. However, model and crime-specific effects are observed. Evidence of treatment effect heterogeneity is also found, suggesting the effect of job quality is moderated by race/ethnicity and location.

Conclusions:

These findings caution criminologists against making an assumption that employment is inversely related to offending and call into question our understanding of job quality as a general disincentive for crime. Rather, evidence suggests that improvements in job quality may result in modest reductions in offending, but only for certain types of crime and certain individuals within specific labor market contexts.
Murderer who spread table salt over his victim's corpse unintentionally preserved it from putrefaction
Authors: Behera C , Chauhan M , Devassy S
Published: April 2020

Adipocere is medico-legally exigent post-mortem change alternative to putrefaction. Sprinkling table salt over corpse to hasten disintegration and keep carnivores and nibblers off is a feature of ritualistic burial. We describe an unusual murder concealment wherein assailant put quantum of table salt over and around dead body while burying in jungle to hasten disintegration. Unexpected adipocere involving table salt preserved the body and firearm injuries. A mystifying thanatological aspect was the basic fact of table salt osmotically drawing even intrinsic body water needed for adipocere in non-damp conditions. It exceptionally formed in a week, and in a shallow grave, its formation in such conditions being very unusual and unreported.
Early and Late Participation during the Field Period: Response Timing in a Mixed-Mode Probability-Based Panel Survey
Authors: Gummer Tobias , Struminskaya Bella
Published: April 2020

Reluctance of respondents to participate in surveys has long drawn the attention of survey researchers. Yet, little is known about what drives a respondent’s decision to answer the survey invitation early or late during the field period. Moreover, we still lack evidence on response timing in longitudinal surveys. That is, the questions on whether response timing is a rather stable respondent characteristic and what—if anything—affects change in response timing across different interviews remain open. We relied on data from a mixed-mode general population panel survey collected between 2014 and 2016 to study the stability of response timing across 18 panel waves and factors that influence the decision to participate early or late in the field period. Our results suggest that the factors which had effects on response timing are different in the mail and web modes. Moreover, we found that experience with prior panel waves affected the respondent’s decision to participate early or late. Overall, the present study advocates understanding response timing as a metric variable and, consequently, the need to reflect this in modeling strategies.
Motives and Correlates of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use With Stimulant Polypharmacy
Authors: Zahnow Renee , McVeigh Jim , Bates Geoff , Winstock Adam R.
Published: April 2020

Individuals who use anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) may engage in concurrent psychoactive drug use recreationally and/or as an additional training aid. Aside from cannabis, individuals who use AAS most commonly report concurrent use of stimulants such as amphetamines and cocaine. In this study, we examine demographic characteristics, frequency of heavy drinking, and nightclubbing in a sample of 993 men from the Global Drug Survey 2015 who reported both AAS and psychoactive drug use before exploring the relationship between motivation for AAS use and the propensity to concurrently engage with stimulant-type substances. Results of a logistic regression analysis suggest that the propensity for concurrent use of AAS and stimulants is greater when AAS use is motivated by weight loss goals, while performance goals are associated with reduced odds of concurrent stimulant use. Identifying individuals who are at risk of polydrug use and associated harms can inform targeted harm reduction strategies.
Turning a “Socialist” Policy into a “Capitalist” One: Urban Rehabilitation in Hungary during the Long Transformation of 1989
Authors: Jelinek Csaba
Published: April 2020

The article describes the history of the policy of “urban rehabilitation” in Hungary from its introduction in the 1970s until the 1990s. The main focus is on the dialectic of how different capitalist crises open new intellectual and institutional spaces for new policy ideas and practices, and how certain professional groups navigate within these spaces while they are paving the way for the next round of crises. In the first section, the history of urban rehabilitation policies in Hungary is introduced from the 1970s until the 1990s; then in the second section, it is shown how this history is shaped by political–economic crises and structural changes. Finally, some aspects of expert brokerage are highlighted to propose a new methodology of historically analyzing policy changes.
Two Concomitant Right Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerves Encountered During Thyroidectomy (Type 4 Course): Reported for the First Time
Authors: Mohammed Ayad Ahmad , Arif Sardar Hassan
Published: April 2020

Introduction:

The recurrent laryngeal nerve gains its name because after branching from the vagus nerve, it turns superiorly (recur) around the subclavian artery on the right and around the ligamentum arteriosum on the left, the nonrecurrent nerve has a straight direct course to the larynx and doesn’t follow this course. It presents mostly on the right side. The presence of this variation places the nerve at higher risk of injury during neck surgery especially thyroid operations.

Case Presentation:

A 45-year-old lady presented with painless thyroid enlargement for 1 year. Thyroid examination showed a 3-cm firm nodule at the right thyroid lobe with normal thyroid function tests. Right thyroid lobectomy was done and the histopathology showed a benign follicular lesion. During surgery, we discovered 2 nonrecurrent laryngeal nerves at the right side which were arising from the vagus nerve and both were entering the larynx.

Conclusion:

Failure in identification of the nerve or overlooking the possibility of the non-recurrent laryngeal nerve may result in a serious sequelae of nerve damage, ipsilateral injury may lead to permanent hoarseness and bilateral injury may result in severe dyspnea or aphonia. Currently, there are 3 types of nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve courses. Type 1 passes near to the superior thyroid vessels. Type 2 (2A) passes parallel to the inferior thyroid artery and has a transverse course above it. Type 3 (2B) passes parallel to the inferior thyroid artery and transversely between branches of or under the inferior thyroid artery, we can add to this classification type 4, which are 2 nonrecurrent laryngeal nerves (double nerves) passing above and parallel to the inferior thyroid artery.
Facebook and politics in Africa: Zimbabwe and Kenya
Authors: Bosch Tanja Estella , Admire Mare , Ncube Meli
Published: April 2020

The potential for the Internet to play a role in political life, and the extension of the public sphere, has been widely documented. More specifically, social media has emerged as an arena of political communication, widely used by political parties for campaigning, and also by citizens to choreograph various forms of protest. In the African context, the growth of the mobile Internet has resulted in the rise of social media platforms, most notably Facebook and Twitter. These social networking sites are used for a range of purposes, from personal connectivity, to various citizenship practices, including political debate and activism. It has subsequently been argued that the Internet has contributed to the formation of alternate public spheres, in which citizenship can be practiced in different ways. This article explores the use of Facebook for political discussion in Africa, focusing on Zimbabwe and Kenya, two countries at the forefront of developments with regard to Internet connectivity and digital activism. We explore Facebook as a communicative platform for political discourse, through an analysis of the Facebook pages of two prominent politicians. The article uses Netvizz, a data collection and extraction tool, to extract quantitative data from Facebook pages, and conducts a thematic qualitative content analysis of posts.
Not quite an echo chamber: ethnic debate on Ethiopian Facebook pages during times of unrest
Authors: Skjerdal Terje , Gebru Sintayehu
Published: April 2020

Social media commonly function as alternative channels for debate in controlled media societies, often supported by the digital diaspora. This study takes a closer look at Ethiopia, where communication traditionally has been controlled by the government. The situation was particularly tense between 2016 and 2017, when a state of emergency act was declared following anti-government protests. The study scrutinizes three of the most popular online channels during the unrest (Ethiopian DJ, Mereja.com and Zehabesha), all of which used Facebook as their primary means of communication. The findings show that the stories posted by the sites were overwhelmingly political, with a particular focus on ethnic issues. Reader reactions show a slightly different pattern, concentrating less on politics and more on society and culture. This could be an expression of felt anxiety among the public due to the tense political situation. Interestingly, when users did comment on ethnic issues, they were not in agreement, but debated the issues intensely and fiercely. A diversity of views was represented. The study concludes that an echo chamber effect was not detected. For lack of appropriate channels for public discussion in the mainstream media, Facebook accommodated a space for political exchange during the state of emergency.
The Janus face of social media and democracy? Reflections on Africa
Authors: Mutsvairo Bruce , Rønning Helge
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this issue of Media Culture and Society is to discuss the possible role of social media in the struggle for democracy, against authoritarianism, and over hidden power structures. The articles included in this volume are meant to offer empirical interventions to beliefs, some of them unproven, on whether the emergence of new media technologies has driven Africa towards democratic change. Papers in this Special Issue cover a wide variety of African countries delving deep into comparative studies of participatory citizens’ media on the continent. This introduction is an attempt to offer an explanation on African democratisation and authoritarianism before conceptualising the role of social media in political processes with the backing of current case study dispatches in Africa, demonstrating the dilemmas of digital disparities in promoting or denting democratisation in Africa.
Historical materialism as mediation between the physical and the meaningful
Authors: Noonan Jeff
Published: April 2020

The article argues that historical materialism is not only a theory of historical change but more generally a mediation between the natural foundations of human life and its meaningful symbolic expressions. The article begins with an interpretation of the general philosophical significance of the basic premises of historical materialism as they are sketched in the German Ideology. I argue that these premises point us in two different directions: down, towards a scientific understanding of the natural world, and up, towards interpretations of meaningful human expressions. Reductionist scientific models are appropriate for the understanding of natural forces, but these reveal their own limitations when applied to social life. Social life cannot be understood outside its symbolic expressions, but these are not free floating ideal abstractions, but remain connected to fundamental human purposes and must be understood as such.
Policy styles, opportunity structures and proportionality: Comparing renewable electricity policies in the UK
Authors: Leiren Merethe Dotterud , Inderberg Tor Håkon Jackson , Rayner Tim
Published: April 2020

Researchers expect under-reaction in climate policy. However, this might differ depending on the access of different interest groups to a political system. To explore the relationship between entrenched patterns of domestic politics and proportionality of climate policy, we compare two renewables policies which financially support new renewable electricity in the UK. Drawing on the literature on policy styles and related opportunity structures, this article shows that UK political parties have responded to growing public concern and NGO pressure by, at times, trying to out-green one another to win votes. However, powerful industry actors have been influential in shaping UK renewables policies, in particular when political competition about the individual policies has been low. The findings suggest that an over-reaction in terms of exceeding the marginal costs of renewable electricity production is equally likely under conditions of high or low political competition.
The transfers game: A comparative analysis of the mechanical effect of lower preference votes in STV systems
Authors: Quinlan Stephen , Schwarz Hannah
Published: April 2020

Debates about electoral reform revolve around giving voters more choice. Consequently, reformers often favor adopting the single transferable vote, a candidate-based system that allows voters to rank order candidates. Nonetheless, studies about whether lower preferences (transfers) influence STV election outcomes remain scant. To address this gap, our comparative multivariate approach tests transfers’ impact on election results in Ireland, Malta, Northern Ireland, and Scotland. We find that, on average, transfers are pivotal in the election of about one in 10 elected candidates. Hence, their impact is the exception rather than the norm. We show that when lower preferences are decisive at the candidate level, they benefit smaller and moderate parties and non-incumbents and, in Malta and Ireland, female candidates. Our results have implications for understanding the extent to which multiple preferences influence election outcomes and for debates on electoral reform.
Formation and Glomerular Deposition of Immune Complexes in Mice Administered Human Antibodies: Evaluation of Dose, Frequency, and Biomarkers
Authors: Boysen Lykke , Viuff Birgitte M. , Landsy Lone H. , Lykkesfeldt Jens , Raymond James T. , Price Shari A. , Pelzer Hermann , Lauritzen Brian
Published: April 2020

Administration of human protein–based drugs to animals often leads to formation of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) that may form circulating immune complexes (CICs) with the dosed protein. Circulating immune complexes can activate and bind complement (cCICs), and if large amount of CICs or cCICs is formed, the clearance mechanism potentially becomes saturated, which can lead to immune complex (IC) deposition and inflammation. To obtain a better understanding of the underlying factors, including the relationship between different dose regimes on IC formation and deposition and identification of possible biomarkers of IC deposition and IC-related pathological changes in kidneys, BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice were administered with human anti-tumor necrosis factor α (aTNFα, adalimumab) or a humanized anti-TNP (aTNP) antibody for 13 weeks. Particularly, ADA, CIC, cCIC formation, IC deposition, and glomerulonephritis were observed in C57BL/6J administered with aTNFα, whereas the immunologic response was minor in BALB/c mice administered with aTNFα and in BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice administered aTNP. Changing dose levels or increasing dosing frequency of aTNFα on top of an already-established CIC and cCIC response did not lead to substantial changes in CIC, cCIC formation, or IC deposition. Finally, no association between the presence of CICs or cCIC in plasma and glomerular IC deposition and/or glomerulonephritis was observed.
Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ham Ok Kyung , Lee Bo Gyeong , Choi Eunju , Choi Su Jung
Published: April 2020

This study examined the effects of cognitive behavioral treatment for insomnia. A randomized controlled trial was performed on 44 women. The intervention included one group session of sleep hygiene education and four individual sessions of counseling. The instruments included the Insomnia Severity Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and Menopausal quality of life. The data were analyzed using repeated measure MANOVA, followed by repeated measure ANOVA. Repeated measure MANOVA showed that time had a significant main effect on the anthropometric variables (body mass index, waist circumference, and blood pressures) and revealed significant main effects of the group and time on the psychosocial variables (sleep quality, insomnia, depressive symptoms, and quality of life) ( p < .05). Repeated measure ANOVA results indicated a significant effect of the group on insomnia and sleep quality ( p < .05). Overall, the intervention was effective in improving insomnia and poor sleep quality.
Intricacies of designing and implementing enrichment programs for high-ability students
Authors: Tan Liang See , Ponnusamy Letchmi Devi , Lee Shu Shing , Koh Elizabeth , Koh Lauren , Tan Jing Yi , Tan Keith Chiu Kian , Chia Terence Titus Song An
Published: April 2020

A common pedagogical approach to foster creativity and develop talents among gifted students is after-school enrichment programs. However, in practice, there are several issues concerning the conceptualization and implementation of such programs. Since these enrichment programs are typically not part of the core curriculum and scheduled outside curriculum time, these programs are relatively low stakes. As an after-school add-on program, such programs tend to be fragmented and ad hoc in nature. Instead of a systematic program designed to stretch gifted and talented students, with the goal of developing their knowledge and competencies in breadth and depth, the programs that are implemented tend to be pitched at exposure level. To effectively meet the needs of the gifted and talented students, it is imperative to examine the intricacies of these programs. The fidelity has significant implications on the quality of the students’ learning experiences. This article shares the issues and challenges they faced.
Application of response surface methodology for optimization of zinc elimination from a polluted soil using tartaric acid
Authors: Alman-Abad Zahra Sheikhi , Pirkharrati Hossein , Asadzadeh Farrokh , Maleki-Kakelar Mahdi
Published: April 2020

Heavy metal wastes generated from mining activities are a major concern in developing countries such as Iran. Increasing concentrations of these metals in the soil make up a severe health hazard due to their non-degradability and toxicity. In this study, batch washing experiments were conducted in order to investigate the removal efficiency of zinc by biodegradable chelates, tartaric acid. For this purpose, soil samples were collected from the zinc contaminated soil in the region of the Angouran, Zanjan, Iran. Hence, optimization of batch washing conditions followed using a three-level central composite design approach based on the response surface methodology. The results demonstrated that the effects of pH, tartaric acid concentration, and interaction between selective factors on the zinc removal efficiency were all positive and significant (P < 0.05). An optimum zinc removal efficiency of 89.35 ±2.12% was achieved at tartaric acid concentration of 200 mM l−1, pH of 4.46, and incubation time of 120 min as the optimal conditions. Accordingly, response surface methodology is appropriately capable to determine and optimize chemical soil washing process to remediate heavy metal polluted soil.
Selective chelating precipitation of palladium metal from electroplating wastewater using chitosan and its derivative
Authors: Xie Qiaoling , Liang Gaojie , Lin Tao , Chen Fuming , Wang Dandan , Yang Bo
Published: April 2020

A study on selective chelating precipitation of palladium metal from real electroplating wastewater using chitosan and its water-soluble derivative was conducted. The pH parameter, the concentrations of chitosan and its water-soluble derivative and the chelating precipitation time were experimentally investigated, and the optimum conditions were determined. The results revealed that both chitosan and its water-soluble derivative acted as chelating precipitation agents. Rapid chelating precipitation occurred when chitosan was added to real electroplating wastewater containing the chitosan derivative, thereby improving removal efficiency of palladium in different forms up to 95% under the optimum condition of 0.2 g/L chitosan and 0.16 mg/L derivative at pH 2.5. Then, dissolution experiments showed that chelating precipitation products could be dissolved in aqua regia. Additionally, selective chelating precipitation of palladium by chitosan and its derivative was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thus, it can be concluded that the combined utilization of chitosan and its water-soluble derivative is a promising approach method for the removal of different forms of palladium from real electroplating wastewater.
Iceland’s bourgeoning cruise industry: An economic opportunity or a local threat?
Authors: Fridriksson Jon , Wise Nicholas , Scott Peter
Published: April 2020

The cruise industry is the fastest growing component of mass tourism and is a key contributor to overtourism. The cruise industry is having a very significant impact on the country of Iceland, as cruises take people to some of the country’s most remote areas. In Iceland, the increase has been even more dramatic, with cruise ship arrivals increasing by over 91% (between 2015 and 2019) in Iceland’s small northern town of Akureyri and its surrounding ports. This paper is critical of the expansion of cruise tourism in Iceland despite the potential economic impacts of cruise ship tourism. Scholars argue the need to consider economic gains alongside environmental costs and social consequences that disrupt communities. This in perspective paper considers current economic, environmental and social impacts of cruise ship arrivals in Iceland before outlining some recommendations that align with environmentally friendly practices for policy makers to consider going forward. The triple bottom line framework is widely considered in tourism planning, and this paper seeks to connect the economic, social and environmental dimensions of tourism in a sustainable way to look at the present situation in Iceland and address policy considerations going forward.
Maladaptive Social Consequences of Emotional Clarity Deficits in Early Adolescence
Authors: Rudolph Karen D. , Monti Jennifer D. , Flynn Megan , Goodwin Grace J.
Published: April 2020

This study examined whether compromised emotional clarity prospectively contributes to maladaptive social behavior (aggression, anxious solitude) and adverse social experiences (low social status, victimization) in early adolescence; gender differences in these effects also were explored. Youth ( N = 636, [Formula: see text] age = 10.94, SD = 0.37) completed a self-report measure of emotional clarity in fifth grade, and their teachers completed measures of youth aggression, anxious solitude, social status, and victimization in fifth and sixth grades. Prospective path analyses revealed that emotional clarity deficits predicted anxious solitude and low social status in both girls and boys, and predicted aggression and victimization in girls but not boys. These findings provide support for theoretical models of emotional and affective social competence, and indicate some gender differences in the social consequences of emotional clarity deficits. More broadly, this research implicates emotional clarity as a target for socioemotional learning programs in early adolescence.
Should internal migrants be held accountable for spreading COVID-19?
Authors: Shi Qiujie , Liu Tao
Published: April 2020

The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has quickly swept through China, and mass internal migration during the Chinese Spring Festival is now widely blamed for this. This statement, we argue, is misleading. Internal migrants should not be held responsible for the initial spread of COVID-19, as those cities first affected are megacities that connect with the epicentre Wuhan more with regard to business and tourism than migration. The scale of the epidemic can only be partially explained by internal migration. Severe outbreaks are not limited to cities that neighbour Hubei Province and that have large migration to Wuhan. They also occurred in provincial capitals that are neither contiguous with Hubei nor connected with Wuhan in terms of migration. Even though a few cities far away from the epicentre were hit severely by COVID-19 due to migration, the major contributor is not the migrant job seekers but business people. The responsibility of spreading COVD-19 so fast, on such a large scale and so far is by no means fully on internal migrants.
There is no fire without smoke! Pathophysiology and treatment of inhalational injury in burns: A narrative review
Authors: Holley Anthony D , Reade Michael C , Lipman Jeffrey , Cohen Jeremy
Published: April 2020

Smoke inhalation resulting in acute lung injury is a common challenge facing critical care practitioners caring for patients with severe burns, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. The intention of this review is to critically evaluate the published literature and trends in the diagnosis, management, implications and novel therapies in caring for patients with inhalation injury.
Pharmacological Treatment of Mood Disorders and Comorbid Addictions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Traitement Pharmacologique des Troubles de L’humeur et des Dépendances Comorbides: Une Revue Systématique et une Méta-Analyse
Authors: Stokes Paul R. A. , Jokinen Tahir , Amawi Sami , Qureshi Mutahira , Husain Muhammad Ishrat , Yatham Lakshmi N. , Strang John , Young Allan H.
Published: April 2020

Objective:

Addiction comorbidity is an important clinical challenge in mood disorders, but the best way of pharmacologically treating people with mood disorders and addictions remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of pharmacological treatments for mood and addiction symptoms in people with mood disorders and addiction comorbidity.

Methods:

A systematic search of placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of pharmacological treatments in people with bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD), and comorbid addictions was performed. Treatment-related effects on mood and addiction measures were assessed in a meta-analysis, which also estimated risks of participant dropout and adverse effects.

Results:

A total of 32 studies met systematic review inclusion criteria. Pharmacological therapy was more effective than placebo for improving manic symptoms (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.15; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], −0.29 to −0.02; P = 0.03) but not BD depressive symptoms (SMD = −0.09; 95% CI, −0.22 to 0.03; P = 0.15). Quetiapine significantly improved manic symptoms (SMD = −0.23; 95% CI, −0.39 to −0.06; P = 0.008) but not BD depressive symptoms (SMD = −0.07; 95% CI, −0.23 to 0.10; P = 0.42). Pharmacological therapy was more effective than placebo for improving depressive symptoms in MDD (SMD = −0.16; 95% CI, −0.30 to −0.03; P = 0.02). Imipramine improved MDD depressive symptoms (SMD = −0.58; 95% CI, −1.03 to −0.13; P = 0.01) but Selective serotonin reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)-based treatments had no effect (SMD = −0.06; 95% CI, −0.30 to 0.17; P = 0.60). Pharmacological treatment improved the odds of alcohol abstinence in MDD but had no effects on opiate abstinence.

Conclusions:

Pharmacological treatments were significantly better than placebo in improving manic symptoms, MDD depressive symptoms, and alcohol abstinence but were not better for bipolar depression symptoms. Importantly, quetiapine was not more effective than placebo in improving bipolar depression symptoms nor were SSRI’s for the treatment of MDD depression. Our findings highlight the need for further high-quality clinical trials of treatments for mood disorders and comorbid addictions.