bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term care facilities for older people and the COVID-19 pandemic: epidemiological data and preventive measures
Authors: Lacerda Tatiana Teixeira Barral de , Assis Marcella Guimarães , Silva Vitoria Nunes , Duarte Luiza Gabriele Dutra , Gonçalves Ana Paula Rodrigues , Carvalho Poliana Fialho de , Horta Natália de Cássia , Souza Marina Celly Martins Ribeiro de , Pereira Leani Souza Máximo
Published: December 2023

Objectives: The COVID 19 pandemic has challenged society, especially residents of long term care facilities (LTCF). This study investigated rates of infection, hospitalization, and death due to COVID 19 among LTCF residents and staff in Minas Gerais, Brazil and identified strategies to control the spread of the disease. Methods: This cross sectional study collected data from 164 LTCF (6017 older adults). The owners or managers were invited to answer an electronic questionnaire. The questionnaire included 55 items, divided into 3 sections. Results: Of the participating LTCF, 48.7%, 39.6%, and 32.3% reported COVID 19 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths, respectively, among residents, while 68.9%, 7.3%, and 1.2% reported COVID 19 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths, respectively, among staff. Preventive measures were identified and classified as organizational, infrastructural, hygiene items/personal protective equipment, and staff training. Conclusion: The strategies used in the daily routines of LTCF during the pandemic were classified. The challenges experienced in Brazilian facilities were similar to those observed worldwide. The results highlight the importance of continuity and the need to improve protective measures for LTCF residents, especially in low- and middle-income countries
SOURCES OF PERSONA LORIGININ THE STUDY AND MUSEUMIFICATION OF OBJECTS OF THE VLADIVOSTOK FORTRESS
Authors: Авилов Роман Сергеевич
Published: December 2023

Доклад посвящен источникам личного происхождения, содержащим сведения о строительстве, ремонтах и эксплуатации Владивостокской крепости в начале XX в. В качестве примера рассказано о воспоминаниях генерал-лейтенанта барона А. П. Будберга и военного инженера П. П. Унтербергера. Привлечение источников личного происхождения (дневников, воспоминаний, писем, семейных фотоархивов и других) для исследования русских крепостей как минимум второй половины XIX - начала ХХ века представляется настоятельно необходимым. Их поиск и работа по обработке и публикации должны продолжаться практически непрерывно. В противном случае так и многие белые пятна истории крепостей так и останутся незаполненными.

The report is devoted to sources of personal origin containing information about the construction, repairs and operation of the Vladivostok fortress at the beginning of the 20th century. As an example, the memoirs of Lieutenant-General Baron A. P. Budberg and military engineer P. P. Unterberger. The involvement of sources of personal origin (diaries, memoirs, letters, family photo archives, and others) for the study of Russian fortresses from at least the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries seems to be imperative. Their search and work on processing and publication should continue almost continuously. Otherwise, many blank spots in the history of fortresses will remain unfilled.
THE HISTORY OF THE BELARUSIAN-SMOLENSK BORDER IN THE DOCUMENTS OF THE SMOLENSK ARCHIVES:MSTISLAVSKY DISTRICT IN 1917-1921. (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE STATE ARCHIVE OF THE LATEST HISTORY OF THE SMOLENSK REGION)
Authors: Тарасенкова Татьяна Ивановна
Published: December 2023

Статья посвящена периоду становления советской власти в Мстиславском уезде (ныне Мстиславский район Могилевской области Республики Беларусь), с 1919 по 1924 гг., входившего в состав Смоленской губернии РСФСР. В Государственном архиве новейшей истории Смоленской области хранятся воспоминания участников событий на этой территории в указанный период. Они до сих пор остаются недооцененным историческим источником. Несмотря на значительную субъективность, эти документы позволяют почувствовать атмосферу времени, показывают отношение представителей разных социальных групп к тому, что происходило вокруг них. Они раскрывают неизвестные эпизоды политического и социального противостояния большевиков и местного населения, дополняют, конкретизируют, показывают с новой стороны известные факты и события, которые составили процесс становления советской государственности.

The article is devoted to the period of the formation of Soviet power in the Mstislavsky district (now the Mstislavsky district of the Mogilev region of the Republic of Belarus), from 1919 to 1924, which was part of the Smolensk province of the RSFSR. The State Archive of the latest history of the Smolensk region stores the memories of the participants in the events in this territory during the specified period. They still remain an underestimated historical source. Despite significant subjectivity, these documents allow you to feel the atmosphere of time, show the attitude of representatives of different social groups to what happened around them. They reveal unknown episodes of the political and social confrontation of the Bolsheviks and the local population, complement, specify, show on a new side the wellknown facts and events that compiled the process of the formation of Soviet statehood.
WRITTEN SOURCE SAND ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE ABOUT THE FORTIFICATIONS OF LANDSKRONA «STRENGTHENED WITH UNSPEAKABLE FIRMNESS»
Authors: Сорокин Петр Егорович
Published: December 2023

Крепость Ландскрона была построена шведскими войсками в 1300 г. в Новгородской земле в устье реки Охты. По летописи в ее строительстве принимали участие мастера из Рима. В 1301 г. русские войска взяли крепость и разрушили ее. Остатки сооружений Ландскроны были раскопаны в 2006-2010 гг. в больших масштабах. Выяснилось, что она была регулярной крепостью, а не мысовым укреплением, как описано в документах. В основе ее была мощная деревоземляная платформа квадратной формы. Деревянная крепость в форме каре с восемью башнями, располагалась на ее верхней площадке и была защищена тремя линиями рвов. Платформа должна была стать основой для строительства регулярной каменной крепости с сооружением типа конвента. Такой тип замков был известен в Южной Италии с середины XIII в., позднее в землях Тевтонского ордена в Восточной Пруссии и в XIV - XV вв. в Восточной Прибалтике. Ландскрона была одной из наиболее ранних и крупных крепостей такого типа в Балтийском регионе.

The fortress Landskrona has built by the Swedish knights on the Novgorod Land in the Neva River in 1300. The Russian troops approached this stronghold and destroyed in 1301. Architects from Rome took part in the fortress building and it was strongly fortified according to the Letopis’. The remains of Landskrona have been excavated in 2006-2010 on big scale. The Landskrona was not a typical Cape fortification, as is evident from the documents. It was rectangular castle included a square earth-wooden platform in the foundation with wooden fortress with eight towers protected by three lines of moats. This platform should be creating conditions for construction a regular stone fortress with Convent house. This kind of castle has been known since the mid 13th century in Southern Italy late in the Teutonic order in East Prussia and in the 14-15 th century in other Baltic States. Landskrona was one of the earliest and largest fortress of that type in the Baltic region.
DEFENSIVE ARCHITECTURE OF MOSCOW RUSIN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XVII CENTURY AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE TRADITIONS OF THE ITALIAN FORTIFICATION SCHOOL(ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE FORTIFICATIONS OF SMOLENSK)
Authors: Овчинников Владимир Михайлович , Летуновский Пётр Васильевич
Published: December 2023

В статье рассматриваются различные аспекты развития российской фортификационной школы на рубеже XVI-XVII столетий. В качестве основного примера весьма широкой по своим коннотациям практики инструментализации европейских военных практик на «русской почве», связанных с течением такого процесса, как «военная революция в Европе» автор характеризует особенности превращения Смоленска в один из основных узлов обороны на западном пограничье Российского государства, который являются частью сложной системы фортификационных сооружений, обеспечивающей возможность применения московскими правителями элементов инновационной для своей эпохи стратегии мобильной защиты (применение аналогичных практик можно наблюдать и военно-политическом строительстве европейских государств лишь в более поздний период).

The article discusses various aspects of the development of the Russian fortification school at the turn of the XVI-XVII centuries. As a basic example of the very broad practice of instrumentalization of European military practices on “Russian soil”, associated with the course of such a process as the “military revolution in Europe”, the author characterizes the peculiarities of the transformation of Smolensk into one of the main defense nodes on the western border of the Russian state, which are part of a complex system of fortifications, providing the possibility of The Moscow rulers used elements of an innovative mobile defense strategy for their era (the use of similar practices can be observed in the military-political construction of European states only in a later period).
MUSEUMIFICATION OF OBJECTS OF THE IVANGOROD FORTRESS. YESTERDAY A N D TOMORROW
Authors: Миронова Ирина Николаевна , Коновалова Ирина Владимировна
Published: December 2023

Статья посвящена музеефикации уникального комплекса архитектурных памятников - Ивангородской крепости. Несмотря на то, что реставрационные работы и музеефикация велись здесь с 1960-х годов, до начала нового века большая часть крепости находилась в плачевном состоянии. Ситуация начала меняться благодаря участию в международных программах приграничного сотрудничества. В настоящее время в крепости реализуется проект, направленный на реконструкцию одной из построек - Большого амбара, итогом которого должно стать создание пяти экспозиционных зон, отличающихся как по содержанию, так и по характеру и степени включения зрителя в музейное пространство.

The article is devoted to the museumification of a unique complex of architectural monuments - the Ivangorod fortress. Despite the fact that restoration work and museumification have been carried out here since the 1960s, until the beginning of the new century, most of the fortress was in a deplorable state. The situation began to change due to participation in international cross-border cooperation programs. Currently, a project is being implemented in the fortress aimed at the reconstruction of one of the buildings - the Big Barn, the result of which should be the creation of five exposition zones, differing both in content and in the nature and degree of inclusion of the viewer in the museum space.
HISTORICAL POEMS BY N. I. RYLENKOV. POEM “GREAT FLUFF ” (1940): TRUTH AND FICTION
Authors: Рогацкина Марина Леонидовна
Published: December 2023

Статья посвящена анализу поэмы Н. И. Рыленкова «Великая замятня», написанной в 1940 г. В ней повествуется о восстании «черных людей» Смоленска против представителей власти Великого князя Литовского в XV в. Автор статьи рассматривает данное произведение» с точки зрения соотношения правды и художественного вымысла. Законы исторического документа требуют, как известно, однозначного соответствия факту, документу. Художественное произведение строится по другим законам - писатель имеет право трансформировать исторические события в соответствии со своим видением, идеей, включать художественный вымысел. Н. И. Рыленков, обратившись к далекой истории Смоленска, сохраняя ключевые исторические факты, дополняет событие своими мыслями и интерпретацией, идеями, оживляя художественностью, персонифицирует образ «черных людей» и вводит современную для 1940-х годов тему.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the poem N. I. Rylenkova “Great Flinking”, written in 1940. It narrates about the uprising of the “black people” of Smolensk against representatives of the Grand Duke of Lithuania in the 15th century. The author of the article considers this work “ from the point of view of the ratio of truth and artistic fiction. The laws of a historical document require, as you know, unambiguous compliance with the fact, document. A work of art is built on other laws - the writer has the right to transform historical events in accordance with his vision, idea, and include artistic fiction. N. I. Rylenkov, turning to the distant history of Smolensk, preserving the key historical facts, complements the event with his thoughts and interpretation, ideas, reviving artistry, personifies the image of “black people” and introduces a modern theme for the 1940s.
CROSS-BORDER IN THE MODERN CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF THE DEVOTEES OF THE KHOLM-ZHIRKOVSKY DISTRICT
Authors: Бутеев Дмитрий Валерьевич
Published: December 2023

В статье рассказывается о достопримечательностях и памятных местах Холм-Жирковского района Смоленской области, находящегося на её границе с Тверской областью. Современное население этой территории хранит память о событиях и выдающихся личностях разных эпох. Основой сохранения местного культурного своеобразия автор опору на три «столпа» - православие, усадебные и крестьянскую традицию и наследие советской эпохи.

The article talks about the sights and memorable places of the Kholm-Zhirkovsky district of the Smolensk region, located on its border with the Tver region. The modern population of this territory keeps the memory of events and outstanding personalities of different eras. The basis for the preservation of local cultural identity, the author relied on three “pillars” - Orthodoxy, estate and peasant tradition and the legacy of the Soviet era.
SMOLENSK FORTRESS WALL ON THE BORDER OF ERAS (1914 -1919). BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF V. I. GRACHEV
Authors: Валуев Демьян Валерьевич
Published: December 2023

В истории Смоленской крепостной стены наряду с широко известными эпизодами есть периоды мало изученные и слабо освещенные в литературе. К таковым относится судьба крепости в пограничный для страны и общества момент истории - время Первой мировой войны и революций 1917 года. Прояснению обстоятельств её существования в этот период на основе архивных материалов, содержащихся в фонде известного смоленского краеведа начала XX века Василия Ивановича Грачева, хранящемся в Отделе письменных источников Государственного исторического музея, посвящена эта статья.

In the history of the Smolensk fortress wall, along with well-known episodes, there are periods little studied and poorly covered in the literature. These include the fate of the fortress at a borderline moment in history for the country and society - the time of the First World War and the revolutions of 1917. This article is devoted to clarifying the circumstances of its existence during this period on the basis of archival materials contained in the fund of the famous Smolensk local historian of the early 20th century Vasily Ivanovich Grachev, stored in the Department of Written Sources of the State Historical Museum, this article is devoted.
Distributional note on Boerhavia erecta (Nyctaginaceae)
Authors: Kumar Prabhat , Narain Satya , Rahul  , Gond Deepak
Published: December 2023

During floristic survey in August 2022, Boerhavia erecta L. (Nyctaginaceae) was collected from Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh, India. A taxonomic description of the plant along with photographs is provided for easy identification.
Análise de métodos estatísticos para estimativas da interação genótipos por ambientes no rendimento de grãos em cultivares e linhagens de feijão
Authors: Kaneko Henrique Guilherme Hisashi , Fonseca Júnior Nelson da Silva , Cirino Vania Moda
Published: December 2023

Esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os métodos estatísticos disponíveis para as estimativas da interação genótipo por ambientes no rendimento de grãos em cultivares e linhagens de feijão, bem como estabelecer uma estratégia para a condução dos ensaios que visam avaliar a interação genótipos por ambientes, possibilitando a redução do número de anos de testes, com resultados confiáveis para embasar a indicação de novas cultivares. Um ensaio composto por 14 genótipos foi conduzido em 23 ambientes do estado do Paraná, Brasil, durante três anos consecutivos. Os dados de rendimento obtidos em cada ambiente foram submetidos a análise de homogeneidade de variâncias, teste de normalidade dos resíduos, análise de variância individual, e posteriormente foi efetuada a análise de variância conjunta dos ambientes. A interação genótipos por ambientes foi estudada utilizando diferentes métodos estatísticos: regressão linear, análise multivariada e modelos mistos.  As análises foram efetuadas utilizando-se dados de dois e de três anos de avaliação. Para os métodos estatísticos que empregam a regressão linear e modelos mistos, o número de anos analisados não interferiu na interpretação dos resultados. Entretanto, na análise multivariada, o comportamento dos genótipos frente aos ambientes estudados variou de acordo com o número de anos analisados. Os resultados do estudo apontam que dois anos de avaliação foram suficientes para a indicação de novas cultivares adaptadas a diferentes ambientes.
Parâmetros de fermentação in vitro de palha de braquiária processada ou não processada e subprodutos do processamento de batata e mandioca
Authors: Braga Bruna Cardoso , Vieira Ricardo Augusto Mendonça , Vilela Severino Delmar Junqueira , Gomes Raphael dos Santos , Martins Paulo Gustavo Macedo de Almeida , Leonel Fernando de Paula
Published: December 2023

Nosso objetivo foi caracterizar a cinética de degradação de resíduos agroindustriais fibrosos e amiláceos que podem ser utilizados na alimentação de ruminantes. Foram avaliados feno de palha de braquiária não processado (UBH), feno de palha de braquiária processado (briquetagem) (PBH), um subproduto amiláceo do processamento de batata (SBP) e fécula de mandioca (CST). Duas dietas foram formuladas: uma incluindo UBH e CST (UBH-CSTd); e o outro PBH e SBP (PBH-SBPd). Para o estudo da cinética de degradação, foi utilizada a técnica de fermentação de produção cumulativa de gás in vitro, na qual o modelo Monomolecular-G3G1 de dois compartimentos forneceu um ajuste mais provável. Os volumes cumulativos de gás produzidos foram 23,2 (UBH), 29,6 (PBH), 39,1 (SBP), 36,6 (CST), 27,9 (UBH-CSTd) e 28,5 (PBH-SBPd) mL por 0,1 g de matéria seca. Os alimentos amiláceos apresentaram fermentação mais intensa nas primeiras horas. Essa fermentação ágil ocorre porque se trata de um alimento solúvel e/ou rapidamente degradável que contém uma quantidade muito pequena de matéria fibrosa. Já para os alimentos fibrosos, UBH e PBH, a fermentação ocorreu mais lentamente nas primeiras horas, liberando menos gases. Como a fibra tem uma parte lentamente degradável e insolúvel, a fase assintótica demora mais para ser alcançada. Já as dietas apresentaram fermentação intermediária às dos alimentos amiláceos e fibrosos, o que acompanhou fielmente o perfil de produção de gases de seus ingredientes. Ambas as dietas apresentaram menores valores de k1 e maiores valores de k2 quando comparadas à silagem de milho. Este resultado confirma a real possibilidade de utilização dos dejetos estudados na alimentação de ruminantes. Ou seja, além de serem ingredientes com potencial de utilização na produção de ruminantes, a utilização de subprodutos na alimentação animal pode eliminar um problema substancial de poluição para a indústria.
PIXE and pXRF Comparison Analysis of a Mockup Canvas Painting
Authors: Appoloni Carlos Roberto , Lopes Fabio , Rizzutto Marcia de Almeida , Neiva Augusto Camara , Ikeoka Renato Akio , Rizzo Marcia de Mathias
Published: December 2023

For the purposes of comparison among different equipments and laboratories involved in atomic-nuclear methodologies applied in arts and archaeometry, a special mockup canvas painting was made with dozens of pigments of different colors and varnishes of different types and manufacturers. This study evaluate two different XRF equipment and PIXE methods as complementary tools to examine canvas paintings. Twenty-four inorganic substances of this mockup canvas were measured in three different laboratories, LEC, LFNA, and LAMFI for the identification of the key elements. In this paper, net count ratios and standard percentage deviations between lines are shown, as well as examples of sensibility to low-content elements that can be used for distinguishing pigments, and a comparison of the penetration of these techniques. The results show the differences between the pXRF and PIXE methodologies and between the two pXRF geometry/equipments employed.
Parâmetro de Qualidade para a Representação do Bordo de Imagens via Spline Cúbica
Authors: Cirilo Eliandro Rodrigues , Figliaggi Bella Rocxane Martins , Natti Paulo Laerte
Published: December 2023

O presente trabalho apresenta um novo parâmetro de qualidade para a geração do bordo de imagens bidimensionais por meio da interpolação spline. A motivação do estudo é definir um parâmetro que permita estabelecer um critério de parada para inserção de dados de imagem e obter uma representação, via spline, suficientemente fiel. O parâmetro é deduzido por um processo iterativo do cálculo entre áreas limitadas por splines cúbicas e lineares após inserção de pontos. Desta forma, após convergência, o parâmetro qualifica a fidelidade da representação computacional da imagem. O código numérico é desenvolvido por meio do software octave, e algumas imagens foram geradas validando o novo parâmetro.
Characterization of Pictorial Materials of Two 18th Century Sculptures: King David and Bathsheba
Authors: Sanches Francis A. C. R. A. , Nardes Raysa C. , Santos Ramon S. dos , Leitão Roberta G. , Leitão Catarine C. G. , Assis Joaquim T. , Gusmão Elanie T. de , Lopes Ricardo T. , Oliveira Davi F. de , Anjos Marcelino J. dos
Published: December 2023

In this {work}, the X-ray fluorescence technique was employed to characterize the pictorial materials used in two sculptures from the 18th. In addition, Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the preparation layers used in the sculptures. {The analyzed sculptures} are carved in wood, with gilding and polychrome, and represent the biblical characters, Bathsheba, and King David. The sculptures are property of the Church of \textit{Nossa Senhora do Pilar}, in Duque de Caxias, RJ. XRF {analyzes} were performed using a portable ED-XRF system, which has a low-power X-ray tube (Amptek) with a silver target (Ag) and an SDD detector (Amptek). Raman spectroscopy {analyzes} were performed using the DXR2 Raman microscopy equipment (Thermo Fisher Scientific) with a 785 nm laser source. The results obtained from the XRF and Raman spectroscopy techniques suggest the presence of Gypsum, Calcite, Calcium Sulfate. In addition, the results obtained suggest the presence of the following pigments in the sculptures: Lead white, Titanium White, Lithopone, Ochre, Vermilion, Red Lead and gilding with gold leaf. The studies also showed that the Bathsheba sculpture was probably subjected to some processes of chromatic reintegration over the years due to the heterogeneity of pigments found in the same region
Cultura, Resistência e Identidade Camponesa no Território: o cerne da música caipira esvaziado nos acordes da música sertaneja
Authors: Sá Tauãn Medino Gomes da Silva e , Schlosser Marli Terezinha Szumilo
Published: December 2023

Na atualidade, a visão que se tem sobre o campo é majoritariamente embasada pela produção artística (música, filmes, novelas). Em seu processo histórico, as raízes dos fenômenos que formaram o espaço da cultura caipira foram “esquecidas”. O advento da organização espacial e territorial dos centros urbanos, no século XX, evidenciou o êxodo rural de camponeses caipiras, impulsionando a introdução e aceitação da música sertaneja no espaço urbano. Puxada pela industria cultural, a música sertaneja passa ser retrato do que é o campo. Desta forma, o MST produz resistência frente a esse modelo de cultura para o campo. Este artigo busca apresentar como as diferenças na forma de conceber o território pelos agentes sociais, junto das forças do capital no espaço urbano e no espaço campesino, provocaram mudanças da cultura caipira para a cultura sertaneja. Tendo como cenário a região sudeste do Brasil, início do século XX até o final dele, é exemplificado, nas mudanças urbanas e sociais, os motivos para a concepção distorcida da cultura caipira e sua influência na forma de compreensão do território campesino. Considerou-se a pesquisa qualitativa e a revisão bibliográfica os estudos para estruturação da temática.
Litteraturstudie: Overgreb mod piger og kvinder med udviklingshandicap
Authors:   Aalborg University, Engen Mie , Davidsen Ibsen Line
Published: December 2023

Litteraturstudiet tager afsæt i følgende spørgsmål: Hvor findes der, og hvor mangler der forskningsviden om: 1. overgreb i forhold til piger og kvinder med udviklingshandicap? 2. hvordan man i arbejdet med denne gruppe mennesker kan få viden om, se, forebygge og/eller reagere i forhold til overgreb? 3. hvad der i konteksten fremmer/hæmmer, at man kan arbejde fagligt med at se, forebygge og/eller reagere i forhold til overgreb? 4. på baggrund af 1-3: Kan vi pege på særlige videnshuller og behov for udvikling af arbejdet med denne gruppe mennesker? Litteraturstudiet har fokus på overgreb begået af enten personale på botilbud eller pårørende.
Adsorption of Ca (II), Mn (II), Fe (III), Mg (II), and Pb (II) Ions from New Valley Groundwater Using Illite and Nanoparticles
Authors: Sayed Ghada , Taleb Enas M Abou , El-Saied Fathy A
Published: December 2023

Heavy metal pollution is a significant environmental concern due to its potential hazards. In this study, the adsorption of Ca (II), Mn (II), Fe (III), Mg (II), and Pb (II) ions from diluted aqueous solutions was investigated using both illite and nano-illite particles. The integration of illite as a natural and cost-effective material in water treatment for areas facing water pollution challenges offers a holistic solution with positive implications for the environment, economy, and public health. The multifaceted benefits of illite underscore its potential as a valuable tool in addressing water-related issues in remote and economically constrained regions. The synthesis and characterization of nano-illite were conducted through SEM, TEM, and FTIR spectroscopy. Notably, the TEM analysis revealed that the particle size of nano-illite (ranging from 2 to 4 nm) was smaller than that of illite (ranging from 20 to 30 nm). For the adsorption experiments, batch tests were performed, and the optimal conditions were determined. It was found that the highest adsorption efficiency for the studied metal ions was achieved at a pH of 7, a contact time of 60 minutes, an illite dosage of 0.4 g, and a nano-illite dosage of 0.3 g. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics were analyzed using the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, while the adsorption isotherms were evaluated using the Langmuir model. This investigation provides valuable insights into the effective removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions using illite and nano-illite particles. The results highlight the potential applicability of these adsorbents in addressing heavy metal pollution, thereby contributing to the mitigation of environmental risks associated with such contaminants.
Evaluation of Optical and Radiation Protection Parameters of High Refractive Index Polymers
Authors: KIRBIYIK Mehmet , BİLİCİ Sevim
Published: December 2023

The optical properties of the prescription and non-prescription (plano) samples of the MR-8 high index lens were examined by UV/VIS spectrometry. The results showed that the light transmittance of the two MR-8 lens samples examined was over 90%, and the transmittance at the wavelength (~550nm) to which the human eye is most sensitive was 83.437% and 84.602% for the prescription and non-prescription samples, respectively. In terms of quality of vision, it is expected that the visible light transmittance will be high and the ultraviolet light transmittance will be minimal. It is very important that both the prescription and non-prescription organic MR-8 lenses tested have no transmittance below approximately 398nm. This means that this lens material protects against UVA and UVB rays, even though it is uncoated. It is also important to reduce the dose to the lens, which is a radiosensitive tissue. In the study, the mass absorption coefficients of MR-8 and Ormix lens materials in the 0.15-2.00 MeV energy range were calculated using the web-based XCOM programme. LAC, HVL, TVL, MFP, RPE and TF values were calculated from the MAC values obtained. At energies below 0.05 MeV, the maximum MAC value was 0.974 and 4.416 for the MR-8 and Ormix lenses, respectively. The RPE and TF values were 0.807-16.235%, 0.996-0.992% for the MR-8 lens and 0.862-55.233%, 0.448-0.991% for the Ormix lens. The results showed that the photon absorption ability of the Ormix lens is relatively better in the region where the photoelectric interaction is dominant. This research is also important in terms of determining the optical and nuclear radiation parameters of the material used in the manufacture of high index lenses and investigating its effectiveness in reducing the dose to the eyepiece.
Investigation of Spectral and Optical Properties of Color Polarization LensesInvestigation of Spectral and Optical Properties of Color Polarization LensesInvestigation of Spectral and Optical Properties of Color Polarization Lenses
Authors: ATEŞ Gonca
Published: December 2023

Polarized lenses are recommended because exposure to intense sunlight damages cellular function and photoreceptor structures in the eyes. Polarized lenses filter all wavelengths of UV radiation and most of the reflected glare due to strong reflections depending on the angle of incidence of sunlight and environmental factors. The wavelength of mineral glass in the horizontal and vertical direction (~550nm) is 16.64% for (CF1) and 13.21% for (CF2). There is a sudden drop of 27.87 at 729nm in CF2 and a sudden increase to 58.80 at 730nm in CF1. Absorbance values at 730nm are 0.21 with a decrease in AF1 and 0.54 with an increase in AF2. CF2 is polarized. To determine how the structure of the lens material affects light transmittance and absorbance, the light transmittances of smoked mineral and organic lenses of the same color are 16.64 for the mineral lens and 22.47 for the organic lens at (~550nm) wavelength. Maximum transmittance is 81.25 for mineral lens and 85.73 for organic lens. For night vision, at (~507nm) wavelength, it is 19.35 for mineral lens and 25.00 for organic lens. At (~550nm) wavelength, absorbance values are 0.78 for mineral lens and 0.62 for organic smoked lens. In the study, the effect of color factor on the light transmittance and absorption of organic smoked, brown and green polarized lenses was investigated. Light transmittance at 550 nm wavelength is 22.47 in smoked, 13.48 in brown and 14.32 in green. Absorbance at 550 nm wavelength is 0.62 in smoked, 0.94 in brown and 0.82 in green lens. Since dark lenses do not allow high light transmission, smoked color should be chosen for good vision in the visible light region. Brown color should be preferred if dark glasses should be used in situations where bright light is intense. In the 507nm wavelength of color polarized lenses, smoked is 25.00, brown is 11.45 and green is 16.94. Smoked should be chosen for night vision.
A Review on Measurement of Radon Gas Concentration in Drinking Water
Authors: JAFİR Adeeb , AHMED Ahmed Hassan , MOHAMMED Safar Saeed
Published: December 2023

Radon is a noble gas that has a high risk to the human body, and existence at various rates in soil, air and different source of water. Moreover, radon has a short lifetime but it can produce more risk to public health. Humans are good users of water by food, drinking water, vegetable, shower and dishwashing, however, we do have not good knowledge about the risk of radon, and we need to do more research because it’s one of the main factors to various types of cancer such as lung and stomach cancer. This review used different data in some research in different countries (Romania, Chania, Brazil, Sudan, India, Syria, Iraq, and Yemen) in (2012-2020) with the help of the RAD7 detector because it has higher resolution and is faster in measurement. In current review, higher average reading of radon was found in Nigeria, its reading was (36.1 Bq/L) which was more than the standard value in the world for drinking water (11.1 Bq/L). In any country there are so many factors to high and low concentration of radon in drinking water which are discussed and explained in this review.
A Novel HPLC Method for Rapid Determination of HMF in Dulce de Leche: A Potential Tool for Quality Control
Authors: ŞANLI Senem , SARAÇ Halil Ozan
Published: December 2023

A validated isocratic method utilizing reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was developed for the quantification of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in five distinct commercially available Dulce de Leche samples that are sold in Turkish markets. The X-Terra RP-18 column, which has dimensions of 150 × 4.60 mm i.d. and a particle size of 5 μm, was selected for the stationary phase. The separation process was conducted isocratically by utilizing a methanol-water mixture (10:90, v/v) containing 1% TCA as the mobile phase. The separation was carried out at a temperature of 25 oC and a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The detection was performed at a wavelength of 284 nm. The methodology exhibited favorable selectivity and linearity, as evidenced by a correlation coefficient (r) exceeding 0.999. The obtained values for the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.0019 μg/mL and 0.0059 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, the recovery rate was determined to be 95.45%. Furthermore, it has been reported that the levels of HMF in commercially available Dulce de Leche originating from Turkey vary between 50.55 and 90.18 mg/kg for the total HMF content.
Investigation of the effects of immersion period of simulated body fluid on the morphology and structural properties of Fe/Ni co-doped chlorapatites
Authors: KESER Serhat , ATEŞ Tankut , BULUT Niyazi , KAYGILI Omer
Published: December 2023

In this study, chlorapatite (ClAp) samples co-doped with Fe and Ni at different amounts were synthesized using a wet chemical method. The as-produced samples were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 14 and 28 days. The samples were characterized before and after soaking in SBF, and their morphologies and structural properties were compared to each other. It was observed that the immersion period in SBF and the amount of Fe and Ni affected the morphology and structural properties of the ClAp samples.
Millstones from the settlement complex of Aquincum
Authors: Láng Orsolya , Wilson Andrew
Published: December 2023

Excavations carried out in several parts of the settlement complex of Aquincum (legionary fortress, Military and Civil Towns, villa estates) have so far revealed 250 complete or fragmentary hand querns and millstones of different types. Most were discovered reused in secondary contexts, but some were found in their original position (i.e. in the courtyards of town houses or villas).The cataloguing of this group of finds has just been completed (although new ones continue to be found in ongoing excavations), and therefore detailed research on the types, material, and economic significance has only just begun (in a cooperation between the University of Oxford and the BHM Aquincum Museum). This paper presents the preliminary results of this work on the find location and dating of these stones, as well as distinguishing between hand querns and water-mills. It explores the potential of this neglected group of Aquincum finds, and especially what they might suggest about the extent of the use of water-powered milling on the Roman frontier in Pannonia.
Overcoming Barriers to Generic Drug Adoption: Insights from Global Studies
Authors: Bairagi Neetu
Published: December 2023

Objective: This review paper aims to provide insights into the awareness of generic drugs among consumers, challenges in the adoption of generic drugs identified in various studies conducted in different countries, and proposed remedies to make generic drugs more available, accessible, and affordable to consumers. Generic drugs, produced and marketed by entities other than the original innovators, are often priced significantly lower than branded drugs. However, patients sometimes exhibit reluctance towards generic versions. This article reviews findings, challenges, and potential solutions recorded in past research from sources like PubMed and Google Scholar. Data: Generic drugs are a vital component of healthcare affordability and accessibility, aligning with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. We explore historical and evolving concepts of generic drugs, challenges posed by patenting, and the overarching issue of catastrophic medical expenditures. Study Selection: This review compiles information from diverse online sources, research articles, and review papers related to generic drugs. Conclusion: While generic drugs are equally effective and more affordable, consumers' awareness and perceptions often present barriers to adoption. Factors such as age, education level, health literacy, income, and trust in prescribers influence willingness to accept generic drugs. Country-specific healthcare policies, prescription regulatory frameworks, and reimbursement mechanisms also affect adoption. Addressing the perception of generic drugs, increasing knowledge, and improving educational interventions can enhance adoption. Making the prescription guidelines more binding and updating legal frameworks for generic substitution are essential steps. Generic drugs are a powerful tool for making healthcare more accessible and affordable, but these challenges must be overcome to realize their full potential.
Zooplankton Community as Indicator of Trophic Status of Lake Tadlac in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
Authors: Mc Jervis Soltura Villaruel  , Ma. Vivian Dela Cruz Camacho
Published: December 2023

Tadlac Lake was heavily used for aquaculture until the late 1990s which resulted in a deterioration of its water quality. Aquaculture operations were banned to rehabilitate the lake after a massive fish kill in 1999. However, no thorough assessment of the rehabilitation's effectiveness has been conducted. In order to assess the success of the rehabilitation efforts, this study evaluated the lake's trophic status through study of its zooplankton community and physical-chemical parameters. Zooplankton samples and physical-chemical parameters were collected once a month from October 2017 to March 2018. Overall, 25 zooplankton species were documented during the sampling period. Rotifera dominated the zooplankton community with a relative density of 46.19%, followed by Copepoda (36.70%) and Cladocera (17.11%). Eutrophic indicator species Brachionus forficula had the highest density among the zooplankton taxa, followed by Keratella tropica and Brachionus havanaensis. Significant variation in zooplankton density was documented over the sampling period (p<0.05). Cluster analysis and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed variation in the zooplankton density across the sampling months. Similarity percentage (SIMPER) revealed that the differences in plankton density were due to the densities of the most abundant taxa. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the zooplankton community was highly influenced by dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, biological oxygen demand, and temperature. The high density of the eutrophic indicator zooplankton species and the nutrient concentration of the lake indicated that Tadlac lake was still under eutrophic conditions. Biotic indices further confirmed that the lake was experiencing eutrophic conditions with moderate organic pollution. Therefore, additional approaches are necessary to effectively control the nutrient enrichment in the lake to improve its condition.
Dietary Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and the Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Eating Roasted Yams (Dioscorea Species) by African Population
Authors: Ekene John Nweze  , Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba  , Emmanuel S Okeke  , Tobechukwu Christian Ezike  , Chijioke Nwuga
Published: December 2023

The roasting of food is one of the oldest food preparation and preservation technologies. Although roasted foods have been associated with potential health hazards, this processing method is still used in many foods. This study was carried out to ascertain the health risks of ingesting white (Dioscorea rotundata), and bitter yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) roasted with firewood, charcoal, and charcoal augmented with PET bottles. The PAH content in all the roasted yam samples was identified and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). A total of 8 PAHs were identified in both yam species; however, bitter yam roasted with augmented charcoal contained 9 PAHs. The total EDI showed that bitter yam roasted with augmented charcoal (6.59E-1) had the highest PAH content while white yam roasted with only charcoal contained the lowest (1.27E-1). The hazard quotients and indexes revealed that bitter yam had the highest HQ in all the roasting methods except for napathalene, fluoranthene and benzo (a) pyrene in samples roasted with charcoal.  The HI for both species in all the roasting methods was above 1 (>1), while firewood produced the highest HI. Benzo (a) anthracene was the most potent PAH identified across the yam species and the roasting techniques. The evaluated ILCR showed that dibenzo (a, h) anthracene identified in white yam smoked with charcoal had the highest tendency to cause cancer (6.38E-1) while the least PAH was acenaphthylene (3.35E-6) which was seen in bitter yam roasted with charcoal. Therefore, it is necessary to inform the consumers of the possible health implications associated with consuming roasted yams and especially yam roasted with augmented charcoal
Questions in a Research Setting
Authors: My Due Tram Jane , Varnhagen Connie K.
Published: December 2023

Because closed-ended (multiple-choice) questioning formats are often used in educational research, it is important to understand how presenting response options can affect the data obtained. In this study children and adults answered questions in an open-ended condition or one of two closed-ended conditions where options were either likely or unlikely. Participants who were presented with unlikely response options generated their own responses more often than participants who were presented with likely response options. On the other hand, children were more likely than adults to choose the presented response options regardless of how unlikely they were. These findings have important research implications; response options for closed-ended data collection devices must be selected carefully to reflect real-world possibilities.
Relational Trust: The Glue that Binds a Professional Learning Community
Authors: Cranston Jerome
Published: December 2023

This article examines how principals describe the nature of relationships and presence (or absence) of relational trust among teachers, and between the teachers and the principal in the discourse of professional learning communities. Participants were 12 school principals from urban, suburban, and rural communities in Manitoba. In the discourse of learning communities, the notion of trust is articulated as being relational in its orientation and developed around group norms of safety, risk-taking, and change orientation. The existence of relational trust appears to have the effect of fostering collaboration and promoting willingness among staff to grow professionally. The study also suggests the important role that principals play in establishing relational trust as a precondition for the growth of a professional learning community. Because relational trust appears to be critical to the functioning of a professional learning community, it may be unlikely that substantive school improvement can be achieved without close attention to it. Cet article porte sur la description que font les directeurs d'école de la nature des rapports des enseignants entre eux, des rapports entre les enseignants et le directeur, et de la présence ou l'absence de confiance relationnelle dans le contexte de communautés professionnelles d'apprentissage. Douze directeurs d'école de communautés urbaines, rurales et de banlieue du Manitoba ont participé à l’étude. Dans le discours des communautés d'apprentissage, on décrit la notion de confiance comme ayant une orientation relationnelle et en termes de développement des normes collectives touchant la sécurité, la prise de risque et l’orientation vers le changement. L'existence de la confiance relationnelle semble favoriser la collaboration et promouvoir la volonté chez le personnel de s'épanouir sur le plan professionnel. L'étude évoque également le rôle important que jouent les directeurs d'école dans l'établissement de la confiance relationnelle comme condition préalable pour l'épanouissement d'une communauté professionnelle d'apprentissage. La confiance relationnelle semblant être critique au fonctionnement d'une communauté professionnelle d'apprentissage, il est peu probable qu'une amélioration significative puisse avoir lieu dans une école si on n’y prête pas attention.
Bilingual Author-Translator Nedim Gürsel’s Translation of Jorge Semprun’s Büyük Yolculuk as An Example of the Interaction Between Author and Translator Identities
Authors: Şahin Can
Published: December 2023

“Bilingualism” can be defined as a person’s ability to speak and be proficient in two languages. Being bilingual also entails having a dual identity. Bilingualism is a prerequisite for “translation”, which is defined as the act of transferring a text from one language to another. When we examine bilingualism in terms of bilingual writers who stand out with their writing activities, it is possible to say that there is an interaction between authorship and translation activity. Nedim Gürsel, who has been living in Paris since 1971 and taught Turkish literature courses at Sorbonne University and Inalco until 2019 and worked as the head of research on Turkish literature at CNRS, writes works in various literary genres such as novels, biographies, travel articles, poetry, translation, and academic articles. Gürsel, who publishes his fictional works in Turkish, defines himself as a writer who writes in Turkish rather than a Francophone, thus revealing his linguistic identity. Gürsel, whose works have been translated into many languages, states that in the French translations of his works, he communicates with his translator and makes necessary warnings and suggestions in order to avoid confusion in the meaning. In this study, the interaction between literary work and literary translation will be revealed with reference to French-Turkish bilingual writer-translator Nedim Gürsel’s 1977 translation of Spanish-French bilingual writer Jorge Semprun’s Le Grand voyage under the title Büyük Yolculuk. This study aims to reveal the interactions between the phenomenon of bilingualism and translation activity with reference to bilingual writer-translator Nedim Gürsel and to discuss this connection in a theoretical dimension. In addition, the stylistic interactions between the works written and translated by Nedim Gürsel, who is a writer-translator, will be examined and the effects of bilingualism on authorship will be revealed.