bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Effect of Using Nano Bentonite on Strength and Durability of Concrete
Authors: Zaki Saaid I. , Hodhod Osama A. , Eid Marium F.
Published: June 2022

The aim of this work is to study the effect of nanoBentonite (NB) on the durability of concrete under normal and aggressive conditions. Different mixes were made with various amounts of NB at rates 10,15,20,25 and 30% as a partial mass replacement for cement. First group of samples were subjected to normal curing and tested after 7, 28, 90 and 180 days, while the second group of samples were subjected sulfuric acid of concentration 0.2 N and tested after the same ages. The hydration process and durability of samples was monitored using scanning microscope (SEM). The results of this study indicated that using NB as 15% partial replacement of cement improves durability and microstructure of concrete mixture against both normal and aggressive curing conditions.
Innovative Solutions for Waste Removal (Used Abrasive) Resulted from Water Jet Cutting Process
Authors: Perianu Ion Aurel , Cojocaru Radu , Binchiciu Emilia-Florina , Mnerie Gabriela-Victoria
Published: June 2022

Due to the extraordinary qualities established and imposed worldwide, the water jet cutting process is increasingly used in current industrial applications.It is well known that the process can be applied to a wide range of materials: metallic and non-metallic alloys, polymeric materials, ceramic materials, glass, stone, marble, wood, rubber, etc.An important challenge in the conception and design of water jet cutting equipment is the removal of used abrasive material from the discharge tank during or after water jet cutting operations.The paper presents innovative solutions proposed and developed worldwide for the evacuation / extraction from the tank of water jet cutting machines of used abrasive particles and / or particles resulting from materials subjected to the cutting process.
UV-Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Green Dye by ZnO Nanowires and Nanorods Obtained by Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Hafsa Loubna , Hadjeris Lazhar , Herissi Labidi
Published: June 2022

ZnO nanorods and ZnO nanowires were obtained using solutions of zinc chloride and zinc acetate dihydrate, respectively, as precursors. The thin films were deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis onto glass substrates at 350 °C and their morphological, structural, and optical properties were investigated. ZnO nanostructures morphologies were observed by SEM and images showed that a large amount of ZnO nanorods and nanowires were deposited onto the full substrates surfaces. The films have polycrystalline nature and hexagonal wurtzite structure with (002) and (101) preferential orientations for ZnO nanorods and nanowires, respectively. The crystallite size was found to be in the range of 30 nm. The films exhibit an optical transparency in the visible region of about 60 % for ZnO nanowires and 30 % for ZnO nanorods. The different ZnO films were used as photocatalysts to study the photodegradation of methyl green dye induced by UV light. ZnO nanorods exhibited higher photodegradation efficiency and a larger rate constant than ZnO nanowires leading to an improvement from 60 % to 80 % of the degradability of the dye.
Eco-Friendly Green Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (Or-AgNPs) Using Orange Peel (Citrus sinensis) Waste and Evaluation of their Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities
Authors: Mohamed Samah Abdelrazik
Published: June 2022

Greener Nanotechnology research depends on the utilization of the reductive potency of a common byproduct of food and fruit processing industry which represent a cheap and reliable source of green reducing agents to be used in bio-nanosynthesis. One potential approach is based on silver bio-synthesis (AgNPs) using biological waste products. Recently, the production of bio-nanoparticles especially AgNPs has received enormous importance due to its good and potential physicochemical characteristics and the possibility of applications .The present work aimed to synthesis silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using biological orange waste peels products (Citrus Sinensis) to evaluate its characterization, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. The green synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Disk diffusion method was used for the study of antimicrobial activity of the bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles against the different bacterial and fungal strains. Characterization performed by Scanning Electron Microscope and UV visible spectrophotometer where showed the formation of spherical, and few agglomerated AgNPs forms as measured by UV–visible spectrophotometer in the range of 350-550 nm. Antimicrobial activities where showed positive activity against most of the tested human pathogenic bacteria and fungi with varying degrees and the cytotoxicity which performed against African Green Monkey Kidney cell lines (Vero) where CC50 for AgNO3 and AgNPs were ( 76.5±6.27 μl/100μl ) and (9.87±0.90μl/100μl) respectively.
Towards a Generalized Electric Breakdown Mechanism of Insulating Nanofluids
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed E. , Abed el-Raouf M. Osama , Mohamed Nourhan A.
Published: June 2022

Recently, addition of nanofillers to insulating fluids to increase its breakdown voltage finds a great interest from researchers. Understanding the reasons of the increased breakdown voltage with addition of nanofillers at certain loadings to insulating fluids is of great importance. Hence, understanding how electric breakdown occurs in nanofluids can help researchers to select the more suitable nanofiller material, nanofiller particle size ....... etc. to be added to insulating fluids. Therefore, in this paper, a generalized electric breakdown mechanism of insulating nanofluids is presented. The generalized mechanism takes different parameters into consideration. These parameters are nanoparticle permittivity, nanoparticle size and insulating fluid temperature. To demonstrate the validity of the generalized breakdown mechanism, theoretical computations are carried out using finite element analysis. Also, breakdown experiments considering transformer oil are carried out considering different nanofiller materials, nanofiller sizes at different temperatures.
Failure Investigation & Analyses of AISI D3 Dies Used in Tableting Machines for Pharmaceutical Application
Authors: Shrinivas Vijay , Narasimhan Rajesh , Arumugam Thillairajan
Published: June 2022

AISI D3 material finds wide use as Dies in Tableting Machines for Pharmaceutical applications owing to its good strength, toughness and moderate corrosion resistance combined with cost effectiveness. However, 10-15% of AISI D3 Dies used in rotary Tableting Machines were found to fail within 4-6 months of service resulting in frequent disruption of regular production and loss in overall productivity besides having potential long-term risks such as metal contamination in the output product. Visual examination of the failed Die showed 180o crack across the top Die face with rust marks, but no such crack was found on the bottom face. Also, the crack on the top Die face had a jagged morphology and those cracks on the Outer Diameter (OD) surface oriented in the axial direction were found to be straight and sharp. Macro-examination of Die sectioned diametrically and perpendicular to the crack on the Die face revealed jagged axial cracks on the Internal Diameter (ID) surface. Cluster pitting marks centered around mid-height of the Die were observed on the ID surface and the cut open sections of the Die along the crack revealed extensive corrosion. While microstructural examination of samples taken on the ID surface showed presence of banded carbides oriented axially in tempered martensite matrix, the same examination carried out on samples taken on Die face revealed fine needle like carbides in tempered martensite matrix. Fractography analysis conducted in the cluster pitting zone on the ID surface clearly showed presence of micro-cracks having multiple points of origin with clear indications of propagation into the cross section of the Die. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) carried out in the aforementioned zone near ID surface also showed the presence of multiple micro-cracks. The SEM-EDX analysis in the referred zone at specific locations in the vicinity of microcracks confirmed inadequate Chromium oxide content leading to lack of corrosion resistance in the material. Based on the investigation & analyses and the detailed study of the Tableting Process in rotary Tableting Machines that revealed the nature of applied load to be cyclic, a comprehensive failure mechanism was arrived at, and it was inferred that the predominant mode of AISI D3 Die failure was Corrosion Fatigue. Finally, recommendation has been proposed to prevent such failures during service.
Universal Training Precautions: A Review of Evidence and Recommendations for Prevention of Exercise-Related Injury, Illness, and Death in Warfighters and Athletes
Authors: Nye Nathaniel S. , Grubic Tyler , Kim Michael , O'Connor Francis , Deuster Patricia A.
Published: June 2022

Facing pressure to train for victory, warfighters and athletes encounter numerous health risks that are directly related to their regular physical training. The concept of universal training precautions (UTPs) signifies universal processes designed to prevent unnecessary bodily harm, including injury, illness, and death, during physical training programs. Although no formal guidelines exist for collectively implementing a defined set of UTPs to address a broad scope of exercise-related health risks, recommendations and guidelines have been published relating to preventing sudden death during high school sports and collegiate conditioning sessions. A long list of critical topics must be considered as UTPs, including physical fitness factors, transition-period accommodation, hydration, environmental factors and acclimatization, appropriate recovery, use of medications and dietary supplements, and importantly, leadership. In this article, we outline in detail, with corresponding Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy ratings, what should be considered universal recommendations to minimize the risk of warfighters and athletes coming to harm when participating in group physical activities.
Safety and Effectiveness of Empagliflozin in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results from a Nationwide Post-Marketing Surveillance
Authors: Moon Jun Sung , Kim Nam Hoon , Na Jin Oh , Cho Jae Hyoung , Jeong In-Kyung , Lee Soon Hee , Mok Ji-Oh , Kim Nan Hee , Chung Dong Jin , Cho Jinhong , Lee Dong Woo , Lee Sun Woo , Won Kyu Chang
Published: June 2022

Background: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of empagliflozin in routine clinical settings, we collected and assessed the clinical profiles of Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This was a post-marketing surveillance study of empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg. Information on adverse events and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was collected as safety data sets. Available effectiveness outcomes, including glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, fasting plasma glucose, body weight, and blood pressure, were assessed.Results: The incidence rate of ADRs was 5.14% in the safety dataset (n=3,231). Pollakiuria, pruritis genital, and weight loss were the most common ADRs. ADRs of special interest accounted for only 1.18%, and there were no serious events that led to mortality or hospitalization. In the effectiveness data set (n=2,567), empagliflozin significantly reduced the mean HbA1c level and body weight during the study period by –0.68%±1.39% and –1.91±3.37 kg (both P<0.0001), respectively. In addition, shorter disease duration, absence of dyslipidemia, and higher baseline HbA1c levels were identified as the clinical features characteristic of a “responder” to empagliflozin therapy.Conclusion: Empagliflozin is a safe and potent glucose-lowering drug in routine use among Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is expected to have better glycemic efficacy in Korean patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The Holocaust in the teachings of R. Isaiah Aviad (Wolfsberg)
Authors: Mashiach Amir
Published: June 2022

R. Dr. Isaiah Aviad (Wolfsberg) (1893–1957) was one of religious Zionism’s main thinkers. This article seeks to examine his outlook regarding the Holocaust of European Jewry. Jewish thought contains three main approaches to dealing with the issue of evil in the world: the classic-causal approach, the teleological approach and the indifferent approach. The classic-causal approach explains the evil that exists in the world as occurring in a process of cause and effect; namely, the Israelites did not behave as God expected of them and were therefore punished. The teleological approach does not explain present suffering and evil as a result of past sins but rather as having a future purpose; the indifferent approach attaches no religious meaning to human suffering. People are careless and are therefore negatively affected. R. Aviad manipulates between these three approaches regarding the Holocaust, whilst adding the Hegelian dialectic. His conclusion was that the State of Israel is the redemption and the teleological meaning of Jewish suffering and of the Holocaust.Contribution: This article helps to understand the theological approach of one of the religious Zionism’s main thinkers and contains issues both in Jewish theology and Holocaust studies.
Module 1
Authors: Escaldi Steven , Bianchi Francesca , Bavikatte Ganesh , Molteni Franco , Moraleda Susana , Deltombe Thierry , Francisco Gerard E
Published: June 2022

This module discusses the pathophysiology of spasticity and the lesions underlying the condition. It considers the clinical presentation of spasticity and outlines the relevant clinical history that should be documented. The positive and negative signs of spasticity are explained. Clinical presentations of spasticity are discussed, and an illustrated table of spastic limb postures details how the muscles involved in each individual's condition may be identified. The main systems for assessing the severity of the condition, the Ashworth Scale, the modified Ashworth scale, and the Tardieu Scale, are explained. The likelihood of spasticity developing following a stroke and the probable long-term outcomes are considered. The value of involving patients in their own treatment regimens, by defining and setting goals, using the SMARTER system is explained, and the need to continually assess and refine treatment with time as the condition progresses is also discussed.
Effect of Matravasti (Medicated Oil Retention Enema) as Rasayana (Rejuvenative Therapy) in Jarajanya vikar (Problems of Aging) - A Clinical Study
Authors: Dornala Sathya N , Sharma Om Prakash
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

By 2025, there will be 1.2 billion older people in the world, close to three-quarters of them in developing countries, and the WHO estimates that India will have 11% of the total population of senior citizens. The chief aim of geriatrics is to “add life to years” rather than “years to life.” If Ayurvedic Rasayana therapy is applied in the true spirit, it is possible to achieve the desired goal. The tremendous potential of Ayurveda may be tapped for the benefits of day-to-day problems of geriatric patients, thereby offering greater and more viable scope for geriatrics in Ayurveda in the future. This study is an attempt in this direction. The objective of the study was to evaluate whether Matravasti shows multiple effects on different bodily systems (Rasayana) for the mitigation of aging-associated problems (Jarajanya vikara).

Materials and Methods:

Eighty-two patients (56 males + 26 females) suffering from common problems of old age were registered for the study during December 2009 to December 2011 after having informed consent from them, out of which 16 patients (6 males + 10 females) were dropped out. The remaining 66 subjects were studied in detail. Matravasti was administered 21 times with Balashwagandhadi tailam (medicated oil) on alternate days with a dosage of 50–80 ml accordingly (approximately at 1 ml per kg body weight). After the completion of 21 sittings of Matravasti, posttest was done. All the patients were again reviewed after 6 months just to confirm the sustainability of the Matravasti effects. Fourteen clinical parameters involving different systems were considered for pretest and posttest assessment based on the available standard scales and self-rated scores to see the effect of Matravasti.

Results and Discussion:

Among all clinical parameters considered for the study, maximum improvement was found in sleep disturbances (67.5%) followed by gait balance deficit (56.25%), emotional status (55.1%), urinary incontinence (55%), mobility (53.96%), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) (51.3%), ADL (50.8%), constipation (49.5%), cognitive status (48.78%), pain (48.14%), dyspnea (47.25%), hearing impairment (42.5%), visual impairment (41.8%), dermatological manifestations (41.17%), and involuntary movements (22.2%). Patients also found a positive effect on their associated complaints such as hypertension, gastric troubles, loss of appetite, dementia, and parkinsonism.

Conclusion:

The overall effect observed after this trial was Fair (25%–50% of improvement) in 38 cases, Good response (51–75% response) in 26 cases, and the Best response (>75%) in 2 cases. Moreover, the maximum benefit observed among all the cases was 81.8% and the least effect was 25%. After the study, it is evident that Matravasti, particularly with Balashwagandhadi tailam, shown multifaceted action (due to Rasayana property) and is a highly appreciated therapeutic measure in geriatric conditions.
Stability study of Sarpagandha ghana vati - A preliminary evaluation
Authors: Bajiya Manohar , Aggarwal Punam , Galib R. , Prajapati Pradeep Kumar , Yadav Pramod R.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Shelf life is the time period until a product retains its therapeutic attributes and fit for use, consumption, or sale. Every product in this universe has definite shelf life. In Ayurveda texts, shelf life is referred as Saviryata avadhi that is defined as the time period during which the potency (Virya) of any drug remains unaffected. As per the regulations of Government of India, it is mandatory to mention shelf life on all marketed products on their labels. Sarpagandha ghana vati is an important formulation being used in Ayurvedic therapeutics; however, its shelf life is not reported till date.

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the shelf life of Sarpagandha ghana vati through accelerated stability study.

Materials and Methods:

The formulation was prepared using authentic raw material and by following classical guidelines in the departmental laboratory. Shelf life was evaluated by analyzing changes in physicochemical profiles of the product after keeping it at specific temperature (40 ± 2°C) and relative humidity (75 ± 5%). Analysis was carried out at the intervals of 1, 3, and 6 months. Average 10% degradation time was calculated and extrapolated to find the shelf life as per the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines.

Results and Conclusion:

The shelf life of Sarpagandha ghana vati was found to be 16 months, which is higher than the average time period mentioned in the classical literature and lower than the time specified in the Gazette of India.
Development and Validation of Vikrti Measuring Scale – A Pilot Study
Authors: Patil Suchitra S. , Singh Amit , Nagarathna R. , Nagendra H. R.
Published: June 2022

Objective:

This is a preliminary report on the development of a scale to measure the pathology of tridoshas in a group of diseases by using the concepts of Āyurveda.

Design:

The 97-item tridosha diagnosis scale (TDS) was developed based on the translation of Sanskrit verses describing vātaja (V), pittaja (P), and kaphaja (K) vikrti-vriddhi-kshaya and by taking the opinions of experts (fifteen Āyurveda experts, five psychiatrists, and five psychologists).

Settings:

Arogyadhama holistic health hospital, VYASA, Bangalore, India.

Subjects:

Thirty-five samples with a history of Diabetes, Back pain, Knee pain, Acidity, and cancer were included in the study. The patients with chronic illness and Cardiac diseases were excluded.

Results:

The TDS was associated with excellent internal consistency. The Cronbach's alpha for V, P, and K vriddhi and kshaya scales were 0.939,0.945,0.853, 0.867,0.942,0.785 respectively. The Split-Half reliability for V, P, and K vriddhi, kshaya scales were 0.927, 0.962, 0.883, 0.848, 0.960, 0.688, respectively. Scores on vātaja, pittaja, and kaphaja scales were inversely correlated, suggesting that they are mutually exclusive. The three subgroups of back pain, acidity, diabetes had significantly high loadings on the vata vriddhi, pitta vriddhi, kapha vriddhi, respectively. While five cancer patients had significantly high loadings on vataja and kaphaja vriddhi, respectively. Factor analysis revealed that 70 items had good construct validity.

Conclusion:

The TDS is a reliable and valid instrument. The scores on each of these doshas help in planning intervention.
A Survey on Supply Status of Shilajatu (Asphaltum Punjabinum) its Sources, Processing Media and Cost in India
Authors: Singh Rohit , Yadav Pramod , Prajapati Pradeep Kumar
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Survey studies are used as a tool to analyze and explore human knowledge and practices in reference to a particular attribute. It is also used to assess the status of raw materials, drugs, etc. In the market to find out price variation, quality, adulteration, etc. It comprises a variety of data collection techniques with the most common being questionnaires and interviews. Ayurvedic medicines and products got a huge surge in its demand during the COVID-19 pandemic. Shilajatu is one such drug whose increased worldwide consumption leads to scarcity, replacing with substitutes or adulterants to the sample and, in turn, compromising the quality, safety, and efficacy of the products. A current survey study has been planned to document the different aspects pertaining to Shilajatu, i.e., availability status, price, etc.

Methodology:

A questionnaire comprising open- and closed ended questions was designed and a survey (face-to-face interview) was conducted at preidentified major supply markets of Shilajatu in India.

Results:

A wide range of variation in price/kg of Shilajatu has been found in the study. It has been revealed that the major supply of Shilajatu in India is from Nepal, commonly used processing media is water, and trading cost ranges between Rs. 350 to Rs. 2200/kg and Rs. 1500 to Rs. 10,000/kg for Ashuddha and Shuddha Shilajatu, respectively.

Conclusion:

The present study provides comprehensive data pertaining to supply sources, type, price, processing media, and availability of Shilajatu in India and emphasizes the urgent need of strict regulatory provisions for crucial drugs such as Shilajatu.
Evaluation of Efficacy of Three Treatment Modalities in the Management of Symptomatic Oral Lichen Planus—A Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: Sanjay C. J. , Patil Karthikeya , Guledgud Mahima V. , Deshpande Prasannasrinivas , Doggalli Nagabhushana , Panda Romali
Published: June 2022

Context:

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common chronic inflammatory condition of the oral mucosa. OLP is currently managed by various treatment protocols, the most common being topical and systemic corticosteroid therapy. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), or photo-biomodulation, is gaining popularity as a palliative treatment for OLP.

Aim:

The present study was aimed to compare the efficacy of LLLT, topical corticosteroid therapy, or a combination of both in the management of OLP.

Settings and Design:

Thirty patients who were clinically and histopathologically diagnosed as OLP were randomly selected and divided into three groups: Group 1 (n = 10) received topical corticosteroid therapy (TCT); Group 2 (n = 10) received LLLT; and Group 3 (n = 10) received combination of both the therapies.

Materials and Method:

Each group of patients received treatment in five sessions of their respective therapy over the course of 15 days, with a three-day interval between each follow-up. The VAS (visual analogue scale) was used to collect data on pain. The percentage of healing was calculated using the WHO oral mucositis assessment scale, the global healing index, and the WU et al. (2010) disease grading system.

Results:

A reduction in scores in VAS, WHO oral mucositis assessment scale, global healing index, and WU et al. (2010) disease scoring system with the combination of LLLT and topical corticosteroid therapy was observed.

Conclusion:

Both LLLT and TCT were effective against the symptom control and improvement in clinical manifestation of oral lichen planus, nevertheless; a combination of the two was found to be more beneficial in treatment of symptomatic OLP.
Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness of Probiotics Among the Dental Post-Graduate Students- A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Patait Mahendra R. , Saraf Kedar V. , Wakchaure Priya M.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Probiotics are viable microorganisms, and when they are administered in an adequate amount, they provide health benefits to the host. The use of probiotics is said to be an important aspect in dentistry in the prevention and treatment of caries, periodontal disease, etc.

Aims:

The purpose of the present research was to access knowledge and awareness of probiotics among dental postgraduate students.

Settings and Design:

A total of 104 dental postgraduate respondents from Maharashtra state were surveyed regarding the knowledge of probiotics. The study includes first, second, and third-year dental postgraduate students. A well-structured and administered questionnaire including 15 questions was used to elicit the responses from the dental postgraduate students.

Methods and Material:

The online survey was distributed via email and social media platforms using snowball sampling and was open for a week. The questions were modeled based on those used in previously published studies on the knowledge of probiotics. The questionnaire consisted of 15 questions. The survey took less than 15 minutes on average to complete.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data entries were done in Microsoft Office Excel 2010, and analyses of results were done using Statistical product and service solution (SPSS) version 21 software. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentage/proportion were calculated. Pearson Chi-square test was used to find out the difference between responses of study subjects.

Results:

Of the 104 postgraduate students in total, 68.3% of respondents were females, and 31.7% were males. The study reveals 98% of participants are aware of the term probiotics and 94.1% of respondents correctly answered that constituents of probiotics are live microorganisms. More than half of the respondents (52%) had taken probiotics as a therapeutic drug for gastrointestinal purposes. 76.5% of respondents thought it helps in the improvement of oral health.

Conclusions:

In the present study, a good level of knowledge was observed among dental postgraduate students. Most of them were aware of the beneficial effects of probiotics on the human body in terms of food digestion and immunity. However, they still lack the other health benefits of probiotics. Also, there was little less knowledge and clarity about the term prebiotic.
Correlation of Pulp-To-Tooth Area Ratio With Age and Gender Using CBCT of Maxillary Central Incisor and Canine
Authors: Bansal Vineet , Konidena Aravinda , Nagi Ravleen , Kataria Ajay Pal S. , Yumnam Nirvana , Farooq Farheen
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Dental age estimation of living or deceased individuals through radiographic methods are popular, among which pulp-tooth ratio is a sensitive indicator. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare age based on the pulp-to-tooth area ratio (PTR) of maxillary canines and central incisors from sagittal, coronal, and three levels on axial section from CBCT data.

Methods and Materials:

Sixty adults of Indian origin (31 men and 29 women) aged between 20 and 65 years visiting the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology of our institution requiring CBCT of anterior maxilla for their diagnosis or treatment planning were included as study subjects. The sagittal, coronal, and axial images of maxillary central incisor and canine were imported to AutoCAD 2016 computer-aided drafting program. For each image, 30 and 10 points were marked on the tooth and pulp outlines, respectively, using the point tool on AutoCAD Toolbox. PTR was calculated and subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:

There was a declining trend in PTR with advancing age in maxillary central incisor in all sections and axial section at CEJ in canine. When the PTR values were compared, axial section at one-fourth, axial section at mid-root, sagittal and coronal sections for maxillary incisor showed significant differences between the age groups. There was no significant difference in PTR values between the genders. The best predictor for age was coronal and sagittal sections for central incisor, and sagittal section for maxillary canine. Maxillary central incisor yielded a better estimate with an SEE of 8.258 years than canine for age estimation.

Conclusion:

Results revealed a declining trend in PTR with advancing age in maxillary central incisor in all sections and axial section at CEJ in canine.
Propolis
Authors: Biswas Sanhati , Premkishore K
Published: June 2022

Physiology of a child is much different from an adult and a child should not be considered a small-sized adult. They have different developmental pharmacokinetics due to which they are more sensitive to drug effects. This has led to the adoption of new dental materials derived from natural origin instead of conventional chemicals to reduce the side effects and complications. Propolis is one such natural substance that is widely used for various clinical trials in dentistry and has shown very promising results. Due to its anti-inflammatory, anticariogenic, and immunomodulating effects, it has now become quite familiar material in dental applications. It is eco-friendly, economical, complications free, easily available, and easy to use in daily dental practices. Hence, it has opened a new field of research and analysis for scientists and researchers.
Efficacy of HFNO during airway management of a COVID pneumonia patient with super morbid obesity undergoing emergency laparotomy
Authors: Hajnour Mohamed Sayed , Amlih Haneen Fawzi , Shabr Faisal Fahad Bin
Published: June 2022

This case report describes the use of high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) in a patient with morbid obesity (BMI = 90 kg/m2) who underwent emergency laparotomy under general anesthesia. This 54-year-old female patient with American Society of Anesthesia classification 4 E is known to have COVID pneumonia with Obstuctive Sleep Apnea. She was admitted in the ICU for 3 days and she was on Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) alternating with HFNO to keep her SpO2 91%–92%, on FiO2 60%, and respiratory rate (RR) 40–45/min. The plan for airway management was rapid sequence intubation with preoxygenation using the HFNO. We here report this case to show the usefulness of HFNO, which adds a new dimension in airway management of similar cases.
Intraoperative protective lung ventilation strategies in patients with morbid obesity
Authors: Balonov Konstantin
Published: June 2022

Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) occur frequently and are associated with a prolonged hospital stay, increased mortality, and high costs. Patients with morbid obesity are at higher risk of perioperative complications, in particular associated with those related to respiratory function. One of the most prominent concerns of the anesthesiologists while taking care of the patient with obesity in the perioperative setting should be the status of the lung and delivery of mechanical ventilation as its strategy affects clinical outcomes. Negative effects of mechanical ventilation on the respiratory system known as ventilator-induced lung injury include barotrauma, volutrauma, and atelectrauma. However, the optimal regimen of mechanical ventilation still remains a matter of debate. While low tidal volume (VT) strategy has become a widely accepted standard of care, the protective role of PEEP and recruitment maneuvers is less clear. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of respiratory function in patients with morbid obesity, the effects of mechanical ventilation on the lungs, and optimal intraoperative strategy based on the current state of knowledge.
Five-Year Overall Survival and Prognostic Factors in Patients with Lung Cancer: Results from the Korean Association of Lung Cancer Registry (KALC-R) 2015
Authors: Jeon Da Som , Kim Ho Cheol , Kim Se Hee , Kim Tae-Jung , Kim Hong Kwan , Moon Mi Hyung , Beck Kyongmin Sarah , Suh Yang-Gun , Song Changhoon , Ahn Jin Seok , Lee Jeong Eun , Lim Jeong Uk , Jeon Jae Hyun , Jung Kyu-Won , Jung Chi Young , Cho Jeong Su , Choi Yoo-Duk , Hwang Seung-Sik , Choi Chang-Min ,   Korean Association for Lung Cancer,   Korea Central Cancer Registry
Published: June 2022

Purpose This study aimed to provide the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and 5-year relative survival rates of lung cancer diagnosed in 2015.Materials and Methods The demographic risk factors of lung cancer were calculated using the KALC-R (Korean Association of Lung Cancer Registry) cohort in 2015, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2020. The 5-year relative survival rates were estimated using Ederer II methods, and the general population data used the death rate adjusted for sex and age published by the Korea Statistical Information Service from 2015 to 2020.Results We enrolled 2,657 patients with lung cancer who were diagnosed in South Korea in 2015. Of all patients, 2,098 (79.0%) were diagnosed with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 345 (13.0%) were diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), respectively. Old age, poor performance status, and advanced clinical stage were independent risk factors for both NSCLC and SCLC. In addition, the 5-year relative survival rate declined with advanced stage in both NSCLC (82%, 59%, 16%, 10% as the stage progressed) and SCLC (16%, 4% as the stage progressed). In patients with stage IV adenocarcinoma, the 5-year relative survival rate was higher in the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (19% vs. 11%) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation (38% vs. 11%).Conclusion In this Korean nationwide survey, the 5-year relative survival rates of NSCLC were 82% at stage I, 59% at stage II, 16% at stage III, and 10% at stage IV, and the 5-year relative survival rates of SCLC were 16% in cases with limited disease, and 4% in cases with extensive disease.
Effects of Muscles on Bone Metabolism—with a Focus on Myokines
Authors: Kim Beom-Jun
Published: June 2022

Skeletal muscles and bones, the largest tissues in the body of a non-obese person, comprise the musculoskeletal system, which allows mobility and protects internal organs. Although muscles and bones are intimately related throughout life, observations during development and aging and in human and animal disuse models have revealed the synchronization of tissue mass such that muscle phenotype changes precede alterations in bone mineral density and strength. This review discussed that mechanical forces, which have been the traditional research focus, are not the only mechanism by which muscle-derived signals may affect bone metabolism and emphasized the significance of skeletal muscles as an endocrine organ that secretes bone-regulatory factors. Consequently, both mechanical and biochemical aspects should be considered to fully understand muscle–bone crosstalk. This review also suggested that specific myokines could be ideal therapeutic targets for osteoporosis to both increase bone formation and reduce bone resorption; moreover, these myokines could also be potential circulating biomarkers to predict musculoskeletal health.
Cytokine profiles in intensive care unit delirium
Authors: Smith Ryan J. , Lachner Christian , Singh Vijay P. , Trivedi Shubham , Khatua Biswajit , Cartin-Ceba Rodrigo
Published: June 2022

Background: Neuroinflammation causing disruption of the blood-brain barrier and immune cell extravasation into the brain parenchyma may cause delirium; however, knowledge of the exact pathophysiologic mechanism remains incomplete. The purpose of our study was to determine whether cytokine profiles differ depending on whether delirium occurs in the setting of sepsis, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), or recent surgery.Methods: This prospective observational cohort study involved 119 critically ill patients admitted to a multidisciplinary intensive care unit (ICU) during 2019 and 2020. Delirium was identified using the validated confusion assessment method for the ICU. Multiple delirium risk factors were collected daily including clinical characteristics, hospital course, lab values, vital signs, surgical exposure, drug exposure, and COVID-19 characteristics. Serums samples were collected within 12 hours of ICU admission and cytokine levels were measured.Results: The following proinflammatory cytokines were elevated in our delirium population: tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, C-C motif ligand (CCL) 2, CCL3, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)1, CXCL10, IL-8, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and IL-10. Analysis of relative cytokine levels in those patients that developed delirium in the setting of sepsis, COVID-19, and recent surgery showed elevations of CCL2, CXCL10, and TNF-α in both the sepsis and COVID-19 group in comparison to the postsurgical population. In the postsurgical group, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was elevated and CXCL10 was decreased relative to the opposing groups.Conclusions: We identify several cytokines and precipitating factors known to be associated with delirium. However, our study suggests that the cytokine profile associated with delirium is variable and contingent upon delirium precipitating factors.
SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN AVIFAUNAL DIVERSITY OF MADHAV NATIONAL PARK, SHIVPURI, MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA
Authors: Sharma Meenu , Sharma Dushyant Kumar
Published: June 2022

A survey was conducted in Madhav National Park, Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh (India) from December 2017 to November 2018 to study the impact of seasonal variations in the avifaunal diversity. A total of 123 bird species, belonging to 19 orders and 49 families were observed and identified. The maximum species were observed in the winter season while minimum in the rainy season. The status of the birds was categorized as residential (R), summer migrant (SM) and winter migrants (WM). Out of 123 species, 74 species were resident, 45 species winter migratory and 4 species summer migratory. Passeriformes was the most dominant order, represented by 46 species. This study will definitely help to prepare a seasonal checklist of bird species.
Investigation of Various Cement Productions and Its Characterization
Authors: Chinnasamy Sathiyaraj , Ramachandran M , Soundharaj Sowmiya , Selvam Manjula
Published: June 2022

Concrete Alumina, silica, lime, iron oxide and A powder of magnesium oxide Burned together in a kiln Used as a fine powder a uncooked fabric for mortar and urban: any compound is used for the identical motive. A binding element or object and many others. Water is the primary element When it is mixed with cement Connecting the whole together Creating a paste. Water hardens concrete thru a procedure known as hydration. Cement is a binder used in production to bond, harden and glue other substances together. Cement is rarely used alone, but to bond sand and
gravel cement technology, Kothanar Supply Inc. is a privately owned company that supplies hydraulic cement and patch mixtures to businesses throughout North America, including the United States. It is not widely used in cement construction in Canada and Puerto Rico because it has higher thermal hydration than concrete, cement is less durable than concrete and is prone to cracking. It is difficult to cure and thus does not apply to areas that are easily affected by movement. Today, the most important investments in our country’s Infrastructure, transportation, culture and improvement are built with cement and concrete. Infrastructure initiatives such as the Hoover Dam and the Los Angeles Aqueduct helped shape West America, the building block of most bridges, roads, dams, and structures, releasing large amounts of CO2 into concrete each year. The cement industry, the most consumed material on earth besides water, Is the 0.33 largest business source of pollutants, emitting in step with . Against the backdrop of a growing population, per capita consumption represents a dramatic decline. Any use of non-renewable resources is essentially unsustainable. Uses fossil fuels, bulk sand and gravel to make concrete and cement
The Effect of COVID-19 Outbreak on Anxiety and Sleep Quality of the Surgical ‎Nurses
Authors: Sürme Yeliz , Aydın Akbuğa Gökçen
Published: June 2022

We aimed to determine sleep quality and anxiety levels of surgical nurses fighting the COVID-19 ‎outbreak. This study was carried out as a cross-sectional and descriptive study. The data were collected by ‎using a sociodemographic data form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory ‎‎(BAI). A total of 302 healthcare workers participated in this study. The mean age of the participants was ‎‎31.95±7.82, and 73.2% of the participants were female, 58.9% of the participants were married and 31.5% ‎of them working in the surgical intensive care and operating room services. Of all participants, 73.5% had ‎poor sleep quality and mean PSQI was 8.18±3.69. The BAI score of surgical nurses was 16.61±12.12 and ‎‎22.5% of them experienced severe anxiety. The means of PSQI and BAI were higher in women, working in ‎surgical intensive care and operating room services, working over 40 hours a week (p<0.05). BAI score was ‎responsible for 45.6% of the change on PSQI score (p<0.001). The COVID-19 outbreak dramatically ‎increased the level of anxiety and negatively affected sleep quality. The mental health of the surgical nurses ‎should be monitored closely. It is recommended to provide psychological support to the healthcare workers.
Nitel Araştırmalarda Görüşme Türleri ve Görüşme Tekniklerinin Uygulanma Süreci/ Interviews and Interviewing Techniques in Qualitative Research
Authors: KARAHAN Selda , UCA Selda , GÜDÜK Tanju
Published: June 2022

Son yıllarda sosyal bilimler alanında yapılan çalışmalarda bir paradigma değişimi yaşandığı ve nitel yöntemlerle tasarlanmış çalışmaların giderek arttığı görülmektedir. Yapılan bu nitel araştırmalarda veri toplama yöntemi olarak sıklıkla görüşme tekniğinden yararlanılmaktadır. Literatüre bakıldığında görüşme tekniklerinin; araştırmanın deseni, farklı disiplin perspektifleri ve farklı yaklaşımlar doğrultusunda çok çeşitli şekillerde ele alındığı ve nitel araştırma desenleri doğrultusunda görüşme sürecinin yürütülmesi ile ilgili bilgi eksikliği olduğu görülmektedir. Bu durum özellikle nitel araştırmalarda tecrübe sahibi olmayan araştırmacılar için kafa karışıklığı yaratabilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında, nitel yaklaşıma yönelik görüşme tekniği süreçlerinin doğru anlaşılması amacıyla görüşme teknikleri kavramsal olarak ele alınmış ve görüşme teknikleri ile yapılan araştırmaların süreci hakkındaki bilgiler; sıklıkla kullanılan teknikler ve güncel kaynaklarla desteklenen detaylı bilgiler doğrultusunda ortaya koyulmuştur. Ayrıca çalışmada, görüşme tekniği nitel araştırma desenlerine göre incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın görüşme tekniği ile ilgili literatürde eksikliği hissedilen ve karışıklık yaratan durumların aydınlatılmasına fayda sağlayacağı ve nitel araştırmalara yeni başlayanlar için yol gösterici olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Packaging Materials Dual-Sourcing as Business Contingency Plan to Mitigate Operational Production Disruption
Authors:   School of Business and Management, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia, Gunawan Agus
Published: June 2022

PT XYZ is one of the leading fast-moving consumer goods companies producing packaged mineral water in Indonesia. Water is a daily necessity and one of life’s most basic needs. Therefore, providing healthy hydration through safe and ready-to-consume drinking water aligned with the company’s mission to deliver health through food to as many Indonesian consumers as possible through sustainable operational production. Operational production is one key enabler in delivering these objectives. Dual-sourcing of validated packaging materials could catalyse sustainable production operations through supply risk mitigation, whose root causes come from internal and external factors. This paper uses quantitative, PDCA, and decision tree methods to analyse the supply and demand of packaging materials in short to mid-length timeframes to ensure capacity availability and redundancy, trial, and validation processes. Prioritization through risk assessment of potential net sales loss and probability leads to several implementation phases, periodic monitoring to track initiatives and ensure they stay on course, the timely escalation of solutions, and visibility of acceptable calculated risk.
Clinical Audit on Hypoglycemic Symptoms in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors:   Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Hunnain Fatima
Published: June 2022

: Hypoglycaemia is an important complication in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, because it causes recurrent physical and psycho-social morbidity, and is sometimes fatal. The main objective of the study is to clinically audit the hypoglycaemic symptoms in type 2 diabetic patients in Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. This cross sectional clinical audit was done in Jinnah Hospital, Lahore during May 2020. The data was collected with the permission of ethical committee of hospital. The data was collected from type 2 diabetic patients who were enrolled during last 6 months in the hospital. We critically analyse the hypoglycemic symptoms of type 2 diabetic patients. The data was collected from 150 patients of Nishtar hospital, Multan for audit analysis. There were 70 males and 80 females. The age range was 40 to 70 years and the mean age was 58.95±5.67 for hypoglycaemic symptoms patients and 55.15±10.67 for without symptoms patients. It is concluded that hypoglycaemic symptoms are a common complication of diabetic treatment, and efforts should be focused especially on insulin-treated patients to prevent hypoglycaemia, including education on hypoglycaemia awareness, self-monitoring of blood glucose and dietary advice.
DESCONSTRUINDO O PRECONCEITO LINGUÍSTICO EM SALA DE AULA ATRAVÉS DA PRODUÇÃO DO GÊNERO CONTO
Authors: José Ferreira Nunes Marcílio
Published: June 2022

Os estudos de Wiliam Labov, da década de 1960, cuja centralidade é a heterogeneidade linguística, ensejaram vários trabalhos no intuito de desnudar e deslegitimar metalinguagens preconceituosas advindas da equivocada noção da homogeneidade linguística. Todavia, esse tipo de abordagem inoportuna sobre a língua ainda é recorrente e precisa ser combatida, sobretudo, nas escolas. Nessa perspectiva, em consonância com a proposta do Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Letras, intervimos em sala de aula objetivando a conscientização dos discentes sobre o reconhecimento do Preconceito Linguístico como forma de combatê-lo, propondo a produção de contos com enredos que tratassem do referido preconceito linguístico. Com nossa intervenção, os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios, uma vez que foi apresentada e compreendida a problemática do preconceito linguístico por meio da produção dos contos dos discentes.