bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Status of Medical Informatics in Canadian Medical Schools
Authors: Protti D.
Published: March 2018

Many have suggested that information technology in its various forms will continue to have an effect on all aspects of medicine, including medical education. If so, the introduction of information technology into medicine brings with it critical educational policy questions. This paper reports on the findings of an inquiry into the impact of information technology on medical education. It reviews the extent to which Canadian and American medical colleges have adopted the 1985 recommendations of the American Association of Medical Colleges. In particular, it looks at the recommendations that “medical informatics should become an integral part of the medical curriculum” and that “the teaching of medical informatics should include opportunities for specific instruction in its fundamentals as well as adequate examples of its application throughout the medical curriculum".
Automation of Contagion Vigilance
Authors: Stodolsky D. S.
Published: March 2018

The very long latency between HIV infection and the appearance of AIDS imposes extensive information processing requirements on partner notification efforts. The apparently contradictory needs of maintaining the right to privacy of infected persons, while simultaneously providing information to persons at risk of infection, impose severe security requirements. These requirements can be satisfied by a Contagion Management System based upon networked personal computers of a kind now becoming available. Security of information is based upon cryptographic protocols that implement anonymous partner notification (contact tracing) and Privacy-Preserving Negotiation. The proposed scheme has the properties that contact tracing is automated, contacts remain anonymous, sensitive information is kept private, and risk-conscious users act as if sensitive information was public. Optimal health protection can thus be obtained while securing informational rights.
Continuous Estimation of CO2 Production during Exercise
Authors: Soma R. , Yamamoto Y.
Published: March 2018

A new method was developed for continuous isotopic estimation of human whole body CO2 rate of appearance (Ra) during non-steady state exercise. The technique consisted of a breath-by-breath measurement of 13CO2 enrichment (E) and a real-time fuzzy logic feedback system which controlled NaH13CO3 infusion rate to achieve an isotopic steady state. Ra was estimated from the isotope infusion rate and body 13CO2 enrichment which was equal to E at the isotopic steady state. During a non-steady state incremental cycle exercise (5 w/min or 10 w/min), NaH13CO3 infusion rate was successfully increased by the action of feedback controller so as to keep E constant.
Decision Support for Psychiatric Diagnosis Based on a Simple Questionnaire
Authors: Mizuta H. , Kawachi K. , Yoshida H. , Iida K. , Okubo Y. , Tohru M. , Okuyama F. , Yana K.
Published: March 2018

This paper compares two classifiers: Pseudo Bayesian and Neural Network for assisting in making diagnoses of psychiatric patients based on a simple yes/no questionnaire which is provided at the outpatient’s first visit to the hospital. The classifiers categorize patients into three most commonly seen ICD classes, i.e. schizophrenic, emotional and neurotic disorders. One hundred completed questionnaires were utilized for constructing and evaluating the classifiers. Average correct decision rates were 73.3% for the Pseudo Bayesian Classifier and 77.3% for the Neural Network classifier. These rates were higher than the rate which an experienced psychiatrist achieved based on the same restricted data as the classifiers utilized. These classifiers may be effectively utilized for assisting psychiatrists in making their final diagnoses.
Temporal Effect of Muscle Contraction on Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia
Authors: Nakamura Y. , Hayashi N. , Muraoka I.
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the heart rate variability at respiratory frequency (HRVRF) in muscle contractions during the inspiratory phase with that during the expiratory phase. Eight volunteers performed pedaling on a cycle ergometer, twice a cycle of respiration (4 sec) against a load of 0.25 Nm/kg BW, of which the timing was adjusted to twice during the inspiration phase (I), once during the expiration, once during the inspiration (El), or twice during the expiration phase (E). Spectral analysis was applied to the R-R intervals of each condition. The amplitude of HRVRF in E was less than half of I (9 ± 2 msec versus 23 ±2 msec). The results indicate that the timing of muscle contraction can affect the heart rate variability even at the frequency band of respiration.
Why Does the Single Neuron Activity Change from Trial to Trial during Sensory-Motor Task?
Authors: Terao A. , Hasbroucq T. , Mouret I. , Seal J. , Akamatsu M.
Published: March 2018

Single neuron activities from cortical areas of a monkey were recorded while performing a sensory-motor task (a choice reaction time task). Quantitative trial-by-trial analysis revealed that the timing of peak activity exhibited large variation from trial to trial, compared to the variation in the behavioral reaction time of the task. Therefore, we developed a multi-unit dynamic neural network model to investigate the effects of structure of neural connections on the variation of the timing of peak activity. Computer simulation of the model showed that, even though the units are connected in a cascade fashion, a wide variation exists in the timing of peak activity of neurons because of parallel organization of neural network within each unit.
Health Information Management Education at the Institute of Health Policy and Management of the Erasmus University Medical Center
Authors: Berg M. , Huisman E. , Aarts J.E.C.M.
Published: March 2018

This paper presents a review of the philosophy and content of the Master course of Health Information Management that is being taught at the Institute of Health Policy and Management of the Erasmus University Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. We present our experiences of teaching this master course, including its predecessor. Our work, both teaching and researching, can be characterized by the sociotechnical approach of health informatics, which means that we focus on the interrelation of technology and its social environment.
New Challenges for Health Informatics
Authors: Lun K.C.
Published: March 2018

In March 2001, the International Medical Informatics Association organized a workshop entitled “Challenges in Medical Informatics” in Madrid, Spain. It invited twenty members of the medical* informatics community to discuss current issues relating to the academic standing of the field. The broad objectives of the workshop were (a) to review the relevance of medical informatics as an academic discipline in today’s setting and (b) to examine its impact by the new world economy. One of the issues discussed was to find an appropriate response to the growing emergence of bioinformatics in the age of genomic discovery and molecular medicine. With the exciting discoveries in molecular medicine coming hot on the heels of the first draft of the mapping of the human genome and the availability of high-throughput measurement of gene expressions using microarray techniques, bioinformatics has, in recent years, gained prominence in life sciences research and development. As the next phase of research will see the applications of genomic and proteomic data in the clinical management and treatment of patients, it is inevitable that bioinformatics and health informatics will converge, presenting an exciting new challenge for our field. The terms “biomedical informatics” and “clinical bioinformatics” have been used to describe this convergence.

Another exciting challenge for health informatics comes from the spectre of global bioterrorism. Following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the USA and the spate of anthrax outbreaks there and elsewhere, there has been an urgent need to review current methods of disease surveillance. Current research in “preventive bioterrorism” focuses on the use of prodromal (warning) symptoms to predict serious infectious disease outbreaks. The health informatics challenge, in this case, is to develop a wide area network of health information systems to achieve real-time reporting of prodromal symptoms from sentinel stations and to deploy datamining and decision analytical techniques for the outbreak predictions.

The third challenge to be covered in this presentation relates to the deployment of networked virtual reality for remote tele-rehabilitation of patients with cognitive and physical impairments. While the benefits of deploying telemedicinal principles for remote medical rehabilitation of patients are clear, the costs and use of virtual reality pose a real challenge. Some solutions are proposed in this paper.
Electronic Health Record Standards
Authors: Kalra D.
Published: March 2018

This paper seeks to provide an overview of the initiatives that are proceeding internationally to develop standards for the exchange of electronic health record (EHR) information between EHR systems.

The paper reviews the clinical and ethico-legal requirements and research background on the representation and communication of EHR data, which primarily originates from Europe through a series of EU funded Health Telematics projects over the past thirteen years. The major concepts that underpin the information models and knowledge models are summarised. These provide the requirements and the best evidential basis from which HER communications standards should be developed.

The main focus of EHR communications standardisation is presently occurring at a European level, through the Committee for European Normalisation (CEN). The major constructs of the CEN 13606 model are outlined. Complementary activity is taking place in ISO and in HL7, and some of these efforts are also summarised.

There is a strong prospect that a generic EHR interoperability standard can be agreed at a European (and hopefully international) level. Parts of the challenge of EHR interoperability cannot yet be standardised, because good solutions to the preservation of clinical meaning across heterogeneous systems remain to be explored. Further research and empirical projects are therefore also needed.
Section 6: Education and Consumer Informatics: Methods to Meet the Informational Demands of Patients and Health Professionals
Authors: Marschollek Michael
Published: March 2018

To summarize current excellent research in the field of education and consumer informatics.

Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2006.

In the consumer informatics field current research focuses on meeting the informational needs of laypersons as well as health professionals with their specific demands and abilities. The selected papers’ topics are genetic diseases and conditions, decision support for women considering genetic testing for the risk of breast cancer, history taking and advice for parents with children suffering from asthma, timed messages to motivate and support quit smoking efforts and the integration of health economics in medical education.

The selected articles demonstrate examples of excellent research in consumer health informatics and medical education. The methods presented can contribute to the development of systems for the education of both laypersons and health professionals.
History of Medical Informatics: From Punched Cards to Computerized Patient Records: A Personal Journey
Authors: Peterson Hans
Published: March 2018

This paper presents the early history of the development of CPR in Sweden, the importance of international cooperation and standardisation and how this cooperation has been facilitated by IMIA, the European Union and the standards organisations. It ends with the lessons learned after 35 years of experience put together by the Swedish Institute for Health Services Development, SPRI, in a 5 year project initiated by the Swedish Government and with participation of most health care providers in the country.

Starting with the first attempts to use punched cards to store and use patient information for clinical use the author describes his troublesome and difficult road to a Computerized Patient Record that could be used both for the work with the patient and as a tool to follow up both the diagnostic and therapeutic processes and for clinical research.

The most important results of the efforts to develop a computerized patient record in Sweden are published in many reports, among them three SPRI reports published in the late 1990s, and they are: Standardized information architecture, a common terminology, rules for communication, security and safety, electronic addresses to all units and users and an agreed upon patient and user identification.

The future CPR must be problem oriented, capable of only adding new information instead of repeating already-known data and be available in real time regardless of geographic location. It must be possible to present the information in the CPR as “views” where the healthcare provider has stated in advance the information needed for his patients. There can be a number of “views” for different occasions.
Section 7: Bioinformatics: Computational Approaches to Analysis of DNA Microarray Data
Authors: Quackenbush J.
Published: March 2018

To review the current state of the art in computational methods for the analysis of DNA microarray data.

The review considers methods of microarray data collection, transformation and representation, comparisons and predictions of gene expression from the data, their mechanistic analysis, related systems biology, and the application of clustering techniques.

Functional genomics approaches have greatly increased the rate at which data on biological systems is generated, leading to corresponding challenges in analyzing the data through advanced computational techniques . The paper compares and contrasts the application of computational clustering for discovery, comparison, and prediction of gene expression classes, together with their evaluation and relation to mechanistic analyses of biological systems.

Methods for assaying gene expression levels by DNA microarray experiments produce considerably more data than other techniques, and require a wide variety of computational techniques for identifying patterns of expression that may be biologically significant. These will have to be verified and validated by comparison to results from other methods, integrated with other systems data, and provide the feedback for further experimentation for testing mechanistic or other biological hypotheses.
Access to Health Information. Editorial
Authors: Kulikowski C. , Geissbuhler A.
Published: March 2018

Objectives To provide an editorial introduction to the 2008 IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics with an overview of its contents and contributors.

MethodsA brief overview of the main theme of “Access to Health Information”, and an outline of the purposes, contents, format, and acknowledgment of contributions for the 2008 IMIA Yearbook.

Results This 2008 issue of the IMIA Yearbook highlights how Access to Health Information has become ubiquitous over the web during the past decade, with a significant number of publications in biomedical and health informatics addressing both the science and technology of the field and how it is contributing to the improvement of health systems worldwide through a number of original contributions, and selected excellent papers published during the past 12 months.

Conclusion The reviews and surveys on the main research fields in medical informatics in the Yearbook provide an overview of progress during this fortieth year of IMIA, focusing on the critical role that informatics plays in access to health information.
Technologies for an Aging Society: A Systematic Review of “Smart Home” Applications
Authors: Hensel B. K. , Demiris G.
Published: March 2018

Objectives A “smart home” is a residence wired with technology features that monitor the well-being and activities of their residents to improve overall quality of life, increase independence and prevent emergencies. This type of informatics applications targeting older adults, people with disabilities or the general population is increasingly becoming the focus of research worldwide. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of health related smart home projects and discuss human factors and other challenges.

MethodsTo cover not only the medical but also the social sciences and electronics literature, we conducted extensive searches across disciplines (e.g., Medline , Embase , CINAHL, PsycINFO, Electronics and Communications Abstracts, Web of Science etc.). In order to be inclusive of all new initiatives and efforts in this area given the innovativeness of the concept, we manually searched for relevant references in the retrieved articles as well as published books on smart homes and gerontechnology

Results A total of 114 publications (including papers, abstracts and web pages) were identified and reviewed to identify the overarching projects. Twenty one smart home projects were identified (71% of the projects include technologies for functional monitoring, 67% for safety monitoring, 47% for physiological monitoring, 43% for cognitive support or sensory aids, 19% for monitoring security and 19% to increase social interaction). Evidence for their impact on clinical outcomes is lacking.

Conclusions The field of smart homes is a growing informatics domain. Several challenges including not only technical but also ethical ones need to be addressed.
Decision Support, Knowledge Representation and Management: Structuring Knowledge for Better Access
Authors: Rassinoux A.-M. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Decision Support, Knowledge Representation and Management
Published: March 2018

Objectives To summarize current outstanding research in the field of decision support, knowledge representation and management.

Method Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2008.

Results Five papers from international peer reviewed journals have been selected for the section on decision support, knowledge representation and management. They address a wide range of topics such as the recognition and extraction of negation or time from clinical narratives, the use of ontological elements to reduce the complexity of natural language processing applications or to strengthen the precision of document retrieval as well as the benefits of integrating clinical decision support within computer provider orderentry.

Conclusions The best paper selection brings to light that whatever the methodological approach used in decision support, knowledge representation and management, all applications benefit from manipulating information that is expressed in both a meaningful and structured way. In order to combine the flexibility and expressive power of natural language with the computational tractability of structured data, the electronic health record based on structured narrative offers new perspectives.
Accessing and Integrating Data and Knowledge for Biomedical Research
Authors: Bodenreider O. , Burgun A.
Published: March 2018

Objectives To review the issues that have arisen with the advent of translational research in terms of integration of data and knowledge, and survey current efforts to address these issues.

MethodsUsing examples form the biomedical literature, we identified new trends in biomedical research and their impact on bioinformatics. We analyzed the requirements for effective knowledge repositories and studied issues in the integration of biomedical knowledge.

Results New diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on gene expression patterns have brought about new issues in the statistical analysis of data, and new workflows are needed are needed to support translational research. Interoperable data repositories based on standard annotations, infrastructures and services are needed to support the pooling and meta-analysis of data, as well as their comparison to earlier experiments. High-quality, integrated ontologies and knowledge bases serve as a source of prior knowledge used in combination with traditional data mining techniques and contribute to the development of more effective data analysis strategies.

Conclusion As biomedical research evolves from traditional clinical and biological investigations towards omics sciences and translational research, specific needs have emerged, including integrating data collected in research studies with patient clinical data, linking omics knowledge with medical knowledge, modeling the molecular basis of diseases, and developing tools that support in-depth analysis of research data. As such, translational research illustrates the need to bridge the gap between bioinformatics and medical informatics, and opens new avenues for biomedical informatics research.
25 Years in a Nutshell IMIA-NI, 1982 2007
Authors: Tallberg M.
Published: March 2018

Objective When invited to give an overview of nursing informatics I found it natural to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the International Medical Informatics Special Interests Group on Nursing Informatics (IMIA SIG NI) with a “mini history” from my own perspective.

Method The method is historical. Sources are from the IMIA-NI web site, conference proceedings and programs, my private archive and reminiscences.

Results and conclusions IMIA-NI has l “left its cradle” quite a while ago, and is now leading the nursing informatics world, thanks to its voluntary, enthusiastic and devoted leaders, WG chair persons, and national members. The newly reinforced executive also works hard to disseminate nursing informatics to the third world.
E-Learning for Health-Care Workforce Development
Authors: Abbott P. A. , Hudson K. , Taylor L.
Published: March 2018

Objectives To summarize advances in informatics that contribute to scaling-up the health care workforce.

Method A review of projects and methods in information and communication technologies (ICT) that are having an impact on educating frontline health care workers.

Results and conclusionse-learning is providing innovative approaches for health workforce development, especially in underserved areas.
“In the same Boat” – Considerations on the Partnership between Healthcare Providers and Manufacturers of Health IT Products and Medical Devices
Authors: Bergh B.
Published: March 2018

Objectives To assess the current culture of cooperation between healthcare providers (HCPs) and the healthcare industry (HCI) in the domain of Health-IT and Engineering (HITE) and identify possible strategies for improvement.

Methods Based on reports in the literature and personal experience, major challenges were identified, the current ways of cooperation defined and their relation to each other analyzed.

ResultsFour main challenges were identified for both sides involving: products and functionality, integration of IT-Systems with each other and with medical devices, usability, visions and strategic management. None of the four defined cooperation categories cover all aspects of the challenges, but cooperation in small, dedicated groups appeared to provide the most advantages. An increased participation of HCPs in standardization activities is crucial either directly or indirectly via professional or scientific organizations.

Conclusions Cooperation between provider management (hospitals, clinics or systems) and manufacturers of health IT products will be the key factor for success of the HCI while providing substantial benefits for providers. Both sides should invest heavily in such efforts.
Health and Clinical Management –From Patient Care to National Public Health
Authors: Kubias D. ,   D. Section Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Health and Clinical Management
Published: March 2018

Objectives To present some of last year’s best papers in the field of health and clinical management.

Method Synopsis of the best articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2009.

Results The selected articles illustrate how IT is enlarging its role in heath care management. By getting closer to patients allowing them feeding systems with there health data, IT can improve patient health management directly at patients’ home. With data being documented in increasingly more structured and standardized way, health information systems can better integrated and reuse that data and offer more decision support to physicians and other health professionals. Furthermore, as more data is available in electronic format in real-time, entire populations’ health status can be monitored by public health authorities allowing for better public health management.

Conclusions Although the selected articles are only a few bricks in global health management, they are promising examples of how IT improves the integration and collaboration between all participants in health care and offers support at all levels. Tying all these separate bricks together will still require work, as well as developing all the remain bricks, but systems interoperability allowing for data sharing and health participants collaboration are continuously getting more real.
Current Challenges and Opportunities for Better Integration of Human Factors Research with Development of Clinical Information Systems
Authors: Saleem J. J. , Russ A. L. , Sanderson P. , Johnson T. R. , Zhang J. , Sittig D. F.
Published: March 2018

Objectives Clinical information system (CIS) developers and implementers have begun to look to other scientific disciplines for new methods, tools, and techniques to help them better understand clinicians and their organizational structures, clinical work environments, capabilities of clinical information and communications technology, and the way these structures and processes interact. The goal of this article is to help CIS researchers, developers, implementers, and evaluators better understand the methods, tools, techniques, and literature of the field of human factors.

Methods We developed a framework that explains how six key human factors topics relate to the design, implementation, and evaluation of CISs.

Results Using this framework we discuss the following six topics: 1) informatics and patient safety; 2) user interface design and evaluation; 3) workflow and task analysis; 4) clinical decision making and decision support; 5) distributed cognition; and 6) mental workload and situation awareness.

Conclusions Integrating the methods, tools, and lessons learned from each of these six areas of human factors research early in CIS design and incorporating them iteratively during development can improve user performance, user satisfaction, and integration into clinical workflow. Ultimately, this approach will improve clinical information systems and healthcare delivery.
A Bio-medical Informatics Perspective on Human Factors
Authors: Meyer R. ,   Section Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Human Factors
Published: March 2018

Objectives To summarize current excellent research in the field of bio-medical informatics human factors.

Methods We provide a synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA yearbook 2009, from which we attempt to derive a synthetic overview of the activity and new trends in the field. A special attention was made to pick papers also from non bio-medical informatics special ized journals and to perform a worldwide selection.

Results while the state of the research in the field of human factors is illustrated by a set of fairly heterogeneous studies, it is possible to identify trends. Thus, clearly, the importance of issues related to healthcare information technologies (HIT) adoption, still occupies a central role in the field.

Conclusions Convincing the clinicians of the HIT potential gains is still a challenge. But the HIT community will also have to give birth to interdisciplinary research and clear methods to optimize imple mentations and subsequent achievement of managerial objectives. The best paper selection of articles on human factors shows ex amples of excellent research on methods concerning original options to once again assess the importance of HIT and take into account the healthcare personnel psychology when confronted to the adop tion of new tools and processes.
A Medical Informatics Perspective on Decision Support
Authors: Ruch P. ,   Section Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Decision Support
Published: March 2018

Objectives To summarize current excellent research in the field of decision-support systems.

Methods We provide a synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2009, from which we attempt to derive a synthetic overview of the activity and new trends in the field.

Results Five papers from international peer reviewed journals have been selected for the section on decision support. While the state of the research in the field of decision-support systems is illustrated by a set of fairly heterogeneous studies, it is possible to identify trends. Thus, issues related to guidelines processing implementation occupies a central role in today’s field with two alternative directions: 1. broad medical applications, which attempts to assist decision-makers to process large patient sets; 2. narrow clinical applications focused on in-depth real-time signal processing for a specific population or medical specialty.

Conclusions The best paper selection of articles on decision-supports shows examples of excellent research on methods concerning original development as well as quality assurance of reported studies. It is also observed that this year’s selection point directly to more original research areas such as temporal signal processing, although more traditionally related areas, such as information retrieval and/or natural language processing, remain fairly active in the field. Altogether these papers support the idea that more elaborated computer tools, likely to combine together textual and highly structured data, including real-time data contents, are needed.
Biomedical Informatics and the Convergence of Nano-Bio-Info-Cogno (NBIC) Technologies
Authors: Maojo V. , Martin-Sanchez F.
Published: March 2018

Objectives To analyze the role that biomedical informatics could play in the application of the NBIC Converging Technologies in the medical field and raise awareness of these new areas throughout the Biomedical Informatics community.

Methods Review of the literature and analysis of the reference documents in this domain from the biomedical informatics perspective. Detailing existing developments showing that partial convergence of technologies have already yielded relevant results in biomedicine (such as bioinformatics or biochips). Input from current projects in which the authors are involved is also used.

Results Information processing is a key issue in enabling the convergence of NBIC technologies. Researchers in biomedical informatics are in a privileged position to participate and actively develop this new scientific direction. The experience of biomedical informaticians in five decades of research in the medical area and their involvement in the completion of the Human and other genome projects will help them participate in a similar role for the development of applications of converging technologies —particularly in nanomedicine.

Conclusions The proposed convergence will bring bridges between traditional disciplines. Particular attention should be placed on the ethical, legal, and social issues raised by the NBIC convergence. These technologies provide new directions for research and education in Biomedical Informatics placing a greater emphasis in multidisciplinary approaches.
From Ambient Assisted Living to Global Information Management: IMIA-Referencing Publications in 2008
Authors: Haux R. , Kulikowski C. A. , Geissbuhler A.
Published: March 2018

Objective To give an overview of publications directly referencing the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) in 2008.

Method Systematic search for references to IMIA over the two official IMIA journals, and reports of the recent IMIA General Assembly and Board meetings, using PubMed/Medline, supplemented by searches with Google Scholar and Google Books.

Results Beyond the IMIA Yearbook 2008, 38 IMIA-referencing publications were found by these searches, encompassing a broad range of topics, ranging from ambient assisted living technologies in home environments to global information management methodologies.

Conclusions In 2008 IMIA-referencing publications found through both medical and general search engines were predominantly in journals. In years where IMIA’s world congress on medical informatics, Medinfo take place, it could be expected that the Medinfo proceedings will also play an important role in referencing IMIA explicitly.
Towards Open Collaborative Health Informatics - The Role of Free/Libre Open Source Principles
Authors: Schmuhl H. , Marcelo A. , Dal Molin J. , Wright G. , Karopka T.
Published: March 2018

To analyze the contribution of Free/Libre Open Source Software in health care (FLOSS-HC) and to give perspectives for future developments.

The paper summarizes FLOSS-related trends in health care as anticipated by members of the IMIA Open Source Working Group. Data were obtained through literature review and personal experience and observations of the authors in the last two decades. A status quo is given by a frequency analysis of the database of Medfloss.org, one of the world’s largest platforms dedicated to FLOSS-HC. The authors discuss current problems in the field of health care and finally give a prospective roadmap, a projection of the potential influences of FLOSS in health care.

FLOSS-HC already exists for more than 2 decades. Several projects have shown that FLOSS may produce highly competitive alternatives to proprietary solutions that are at least equivalent in usability and have a better total cost of ownership ratio. The Medfloss.org database currently lists 221 projects of diverse application types.

FLOSS principles hold a great potential for addressing several of the most critical problems in health care IT. The authors argue that an ecosystem perspective is relevant and that FLOSS principles are best suited to create health IT systems that are able to evolve over time as medical knowledge, technologies, insights, workflows etc. continuously change. All these factors that inherently influence the development of health IT systems are changing at an ever growing pace. Traditional models of software engineering are not able to follow these changes and provide up-to-date systems for an acceptable cost/value ratio. To allow FLOSS to positively influence Health IT in the future a "FLOSS-friendly" environment has to be provided. Policy makers should resolve uncertainties in the legal framework that disfavor FLOSS. Certification procedures should be specified in a way that they do not raise additional barriers for FLOSS.
Understanding the Role of Device Level Interoperability in Promoting Health - Lessons Learned from the SmartPersonalHealth Project
Authors: Stroetmann V. , Thiel R. , Stroetmann K. A. , Romao M. , Strubin M. , Wilson P.
Published: March 2018

To summarize lessons learned from the European Commission (EC) co-funded project SmartPersonalHealth, a project to promote a greater understanding of the value of interoperability among Personal Health Systems (PHS) and between them and other eHealth systems, in the landscape of continuity of care and across multi-cultural environments in Europe.

Key concepts in PHS interoperability, challenges, barriers and benefits were discussed with stakeholders (policy makers, regulators, procurers, healthcare providers, health professionals, patient representatives, industry, researchers) in three consultation workshops and a final conference. The results were synthesized in final report to the European Commission.

The survey and analysis presented, which are designed to set the scene on the key requirements of device level interoperability within a context of using sensors, signals and imaging informatics in healthcare, set out key interoperability standards for PHS as provided for in the Continua Health Alliance Guidelines and explores further the need for wider organisational and regulatory aspects of interoperability.

Achieving interoperability of eHealth systems is a complex process involving various actors and challenges far beyond technical and standardisation issues. For harnessing the key benefits of PHS, any interoperability scenario needs to account for value-based business cases for all stakeholders involved. It must foresee to enable seamless and consistent data and information flows by integrating and mixing devices used by patients/consumers at home, for remote monitoring, for home hospitalisation and/or within the hospital.
Sensors, Medical Images and Signal Processing:
Authors: Depeursinge A. , Müller H. ,   Section Editors for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Sensor, Signal and Imaging Informatics
Published: March 2018

To summarize excellent research in the field of medical sensor, signal and imaging informatics published in the year 2010.

Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA (International Medical Informatics Association) Yearbook 2011.

Current research in the field of sensors, signal, and imaging informatics is characterized by theoretically sound techniques and evaluations with focus in imaging informatics. When compared to research on sensors and signals, imaging research represent the majority of published papers in 2010. Research published in 2010 was characterized by an increased participation of the clinicians in the study design, implementation and validation of computerized diagnosis aid tools.

The best paper selection of articles on sensors, signal, and imaging informatics shows examples of excellent research on methods concerning theoretically sound original development in this field.
Das Mammakarzinom beim Mann
Authors: Kouba M. , Rudolph S. E. , Hrdlicka P. , Zuber M. A.
Published: March 2018

Bei einem 78-jährigen Patienten konnten diffuse Knochenschmerzen im Bereich der Wirbelsäule und des Beckens mittels bildgebender Diagnostik auf eine Knochenmetastasierung zurückgeführt werden. Nach Ausschluss eines Malignoms der Prostata durch den Urologen erfolgte eine internistische Vorstellung zur weiteren Primärtumorsuche. Bei der klinischen Untersuchung fiel ein exulzerierender Tumor der rechten Brust lateral der Mamille auf, welcher mit Hilfe einer Stanzbiopsie histologisch als invasiv wachsendes duktales Mammakarzinom eingeordnet werden konnte. Die Therapie bestand in einer Mastektomie, der Gabe des Bisphosphonates Zoledronsäure sowie einer palliativen Radatio der Knochenmetastasen.
Überlebensverlängerung – allein oder in auch in Kombination?
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: March 2018

Mehr als 90 % der Kolonkarzinome exprimieren das Trophoblastenglykoprotein 5T4. Die Ankara-5T4-Impfung soll die körpereigene Tumorabwehr stärken. Cyclophosphamid hebt die unterdrückte Aktivierung von Abwehrreaktionen durch tumorspezifische regulatorische T-Zellen auf. Die Studie verglich die Effekte der Vakzine, von niedrig dosiertem Cyclophosphamid und der Kombination der beiden Interventionen auf das Überleben.
Streptococcinum
Authors: Seul Brigitte
Published: March 2018

Darstellung der homöopathischen Infektionsnosode Streptococcinum mit Hilfe von Rubriken im Repertorium; Interviews und Berichte von Patienten, die mit Streptococcinum behandelt wurden; Erläuterungen der Indikationen von D. M. Foubister zur Behandlung mit Infektionsnosoden bei akuten und chronischen Erkrankungen; Erwähnung von Behandlungsfällen aus der Literatur; Darstellung von Vergleichsmitteln.
Das Behandlungskonzept der gesteuerten Extraktionen – ein Update
Authors: Schneider-Moser Ute , Moser Lorenz , Stampfl Michaela , Bantleon Hans-Peter
Published: March 2018

Das Behandlungskonzept der gesteuerten Extraktionen zur Auflösung ausgeprägter Zahnengstände ist schon seit langer Zeit bekannt. Besonders in den letzten Jahren ist es allerdings in Vergessenheit geraten, da das sich ständig erweiternde kieferorthopädische Therapiespektrum neue Möglichkeiten zur Platzbeschaffung umfasst. Die eigentliche Herausforderung in der Kieferorthopädie besteht jedoch nicht in der unbedingten Vermeidung von Extraktionen, sondern in der Wahl der geeignetsten Behandlungsstrategie für den individuellen Patienten unter Berücksichtigung von kraniofazialer Struktur und parodontalen Verhältnissen, mit dem Ziel, möglichst optimale dentale Beziehungen unter Wahrung der Gesichtsästhetik zu erreichen. Aus diesem Grund verdient die gesteuerte Extraktiontherapie eine kritische Reevaluation, da sie sowohl die Dauer der aktiven Behandlung, die Beeinträchtigung des Patienten durch Geräte und natürlich auch die Kosten reduziert und somit eine ausgezeichnete Strategie für bestimmte sorgfältig ausgesuchte Patienten darstellt.
Das chronische Kompartmentsyndrom
Authors: Gösele-Koppenburg Andreas
Published: March 2018

Das chronische Kompartmentsyndrom (CKS) ist eine seltene und vor allem häufig übersehene Diagnose von chronischen Schmerzen am Bewegungsapparat. Ursache der Beschwerden ist ein Missverhältnis zwischen Kompartimentvolumen und Raumbedarf der Muskulatur. Durch eine Zunahme der Fasziendicke und eine Abnahme ihrer Elastizität kommt es unter Belastung zu einer pathologischen Drucksteigerung und damit verbunden zu Schmerzen. Der genaue Mechanismus ist jedoch immer noch unklar. Chronische Kompartmentsyndrome müssen von akuten Kompartmentsyndromen differenziert werden. Sie treten vor allem am Unterschenkel auf, aber auch der Oberschenkel, der Fuß, der Oberarm, der Vorderarm, die Hand und der Rücken können betroffen sein. Ein bilaterales Auftreten ist sehr häufig (80 %). Die Diagnosestellung basiert vor allem auf der Anamnese, der klinischen Untersuchung zur Abgrenzung der Differentialdiagnosen und der funktionellen Druckmessung. Weitere diagnostische Verfahren wie Nahinfrarotspektroskopie, MRI, Sonografie und Myotonometrie werden in der Literatur beschrieben. Die Therapie ist primär konservativ. Wenngleich meist erfolglos, sollte sie dennoch zunächst eingesetzt werden um eine Operation zu vermeiden. Bei den operativen Therapieformen unterscheiden wir die offene Fasziotomie, halboffene Verfahren und seit geraumer Zeit auch endoskopisch assistierte, minimalinvasive Methoden.
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in the Pathogenesis of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
Authors: Świątkowska-Stodulska Renata , Kmieć Piotr , Stefańska Katarzyna , Sworczak Krzysztof
Published: March 2018

Hypertension occurs in 7–10% of pregnant women. Despite the continuous development of medicine, it is still an important risk factor for perinatal mortality of both mothers and fetuses. Pregnant women with hypertension are at greater risk of complications such as: placental abruption, cerebral and cardiac incidents, multiorgan failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The aim of this review was to discuss multilevel disorders of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the etiopathogenesis of pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Electrohydrodynamics of a concentric compound drop in an AC electric field
Authors: Soni Purushottam , Thaokar Rochish M. , Juvekar Vinay A.
Published: March 2018

The dynamics of a compound drop suspended in another immiscible fluid in the presence of an AC electric field is investigated experimentally and using analytical theory. A closed-form analytical expression for the mean deformation and amplitude of deformation at cyclical steady state is derived in the small deformation limit. Experiments were performed with 0.1M NaCl/castor oil compound drops suspended in highly viscous silicone oil. In this case, both the core and the shell deform into prolate spheroids. The effect of two independent variables was investigated, namely, the ratio of the core radius to the shell radius and the frequency (ω) of the applied AC field. In the limit of ω → 0, the present analytical model reduces to the DC electric field model for the compound drop. It was observed that the size of the core significantly affects the dynamics of the compound drop. The mean and the amplitude of deformation of the shell increase considerably with an increase in the radius ratio. Since the present model is valid for a small deviation from a spherical shape, an excellent quantitative agreement is found between analytical and experimental results at low deformation, whereas, at large deformation, the match is only qualitative. It was also observed that the relative phase difference between the core and the shell decreases with an increase in the radius ratio and frequency of the applied electric field.
Evolution of ferromagnetism in two-dimensional electron gas of LaTiO3/SrTiO3
Authors: Wen Fangdi , Cao Yanwei , Liu Xiaoran , Pal B. , Middey S. , Kareev M. , Chakhalian J.
Published: March 2018

Understanding, creating, and manipulating spin polarization of two-dimensional electron gases at complex oxide interfaces present an experimental challenge. For example, despite almost a decade long research effort, the microscopic origin of ferromagnetism in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterojunctions is still an open question. Here, by using a prototypical two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) which emerges at the interface between band insulator SrTiO3 and antiferromagnetic Mott insulator LaTiO3, the experiment reveals the evidence for magnetic phase separation in a hole-doped Ti d1 t2g system, resulting in spin-polarized 2DEG. The details of electronic and magnetic properties of the 2DEG were investigated by temperature-dependent d.c. transport, angle-dependent X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and temperature-dependent magnetoresistance. The observation of clear hysteresis in magnetotransport at low magnetic fields implies spin-polarization from magnetic islands in the hole rich LaTiO3 near the interface. These findings emphasize the role of magnetic instabilities in doped Mott insulators, thus providing another path for designing all-oxide structures relevant to spintronic applications.
Data mining for better material synthesis: The case of pulsed laser deposition of complex oxides
Authors: Young Steven R. , Maksov Artem , Ziatdinov Maxim , Cao Ye , Burch Matthew , Balachandran Janakiraman , Li Linglong , Somnath Suhas , Patton Robert M. , Kalinin Sergei V. , Vasudevan Rama K.
Published: March 2018

The pursuit of more advanced electronics, and finding solutions to energy needs often hinges upon the discovery and optimization of new functional materials. However, the discovery rate of these materials is alarmingly low. Much of the information that could drive this rate higher is scattered across tens of thousands of papers in the extant literature published over several decades but is not in an indexed form, and cannot be used in entirety without substantial effort. Many of these limitations can be circumvented if the experimentalist has access to systematized collections of prior experimental procedures and results. Here, we investigate the property-processing relationship during growth of oxide films by pulsed laser deposition. To do so, we develop an enabling software tool to (1) mine the literature of relevant papers for synthesis parameters and functional properties of previously studied materials, (2) enhance the accuracy of this mining through crowd sourcing approaches, (3) create a searchable repository that will be a community-wide resource enabling material scientists to leverage this information, and (4) provide through the Jupyter notebook platform, simple machine-learning-based analysis to learn the complex interactions between growth parameters and functional properties (all data/codes available on https://github.com/ORNL-DataMatls). The results allow visualization of growth windows, trends and outliers, which can serve as a template for analyzing the distribution of growth conditions, provide starting points for related compounds and act as a feedback for first-principles calculations. Such tools will comprise an integral part of the materials design schema in the coming decade.