bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3-Year Efficacy and Durability of Simplification to Single Tablet Regimens: A Comparison between Co-Formulated Efavirenz/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir and Rilpivirine/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir
Authors: Gagliardini Roberta , Bandera Alessandra , Zaccarelli Mauro , Sterrantino Gaetana , Latini Alessandra , D'Avino Alessandro , Lapadula Giuseppe , Antinori Andrea , Cauda Roberto , De Luca Andrea , Gori Andrea , Giambenedetto Simona , Fabbiani Massimiliano
Published: August 2017

Background

Few data are available about efficacy and durability of simplification from multi-tablet antiretroviral regimens to co-formulated efavirenz (EFV)/emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir (TDF) versus rilpivirine (RPV)/FTC/TDF in virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected patients.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed HIV-infected patients with HIV RNA <50 copies/ml switching to co-formulated EFV/FTC/TDF or RPV/FTC/TDF at five Italian centres. Patients were followed from time of switch until regimen discontinuation or a maximum of 3-years follow-up. Time to treatment discontinuation (TD) and virological failure (VF; defined as two consecutive HIV RNA >50 copies/ml or a single determination >1,000 copies/ml) and their predictors were investigated.

Results

1,560 patients were reviewed of which 1,097 (70%) switched to EFV/FTC/TDF and 463 (30%) to RPV/FTC/TDF. During follow-up, VF and TD occurred in 44 (4%) and 242 (22%) patients in EFV/FTC/TDF and in 29 (6%) and 50 (11%) patients in RPV/FTC/TDF, respectively. The 3-year estimated probability of remaining free from VF was 96.2% with EFV/FTC/TDF versus 92.7% with RPV/FTC/TDF ( P=0.003). At multivariate analysis, regimen type (EFV/FTC/TDF versus RPV/FTC/TDF aHR 0.24; P=0.004) and time of virological suppression (aHR 0.85; P=0.048) were the only independent predictors of VF. The estimated 3-year probability of remaining free from TD was 77.4% with EFV/FTC/TDF versus 88.4% with RPV/FTC/TDF ( P=0.001). Predictors of TD were female sex, switching from PI-based regimens, older age, shorter time of virological suppression and regimen type (EFV/FTC/TDF versus RPV/FTC/TDF aHR 2.48; P<0.001). RPV/FTC/TDF showed a safer lipid profile and a greater increase in creatinine.

Conclusions

Both regimens showed good safety and efficacy in this real-life setting, although switch to RPV/ FTC/TDF seemed better tolerated while EFV/FTC/TDF was associated with a lower probability of VF.
Library Catalogue in the Internet Age
Authors: Sonawane Chetan Sudhakar
Published: August 2017

The library catalogue has represented stagnant technology for close to two decades. An ideal Library catalogue should enable the end users to search and find material/resources without the help of a librarian. The introduction of Web 2.0 has helped to improve the basic functionality of the library catalogue and help it to adapt to the new trends. Web 2.0 has opened the climate for collaboration and participation where users no longer only receive but also create and share content. In the Internet age today the Library Catalogue can function like a portal and this function can be exploited by redirecting the users to other useful information. System designers are continuously trying to adopt new trends in OPACs. In the 21st century such a shift from the simple catalogue to the web enriched advanced catalogue is anticipated and welcomed.
An Extensive Discussion on Transition of Libraries
Authors: Sukula Shiva Kanaujia , Bhardwaj Raj Kumar
Published: August 2017

The library and information services have witnessed transition due to conceptual, technological and users' needs. The recent developments in the educational organizations and the users' needs have found few technological factors to consider changing trends. The chapter has discussed various aspects such as services, their composition, alterations and role in library's position in the academic community. The library staff and gradual developments have been discussed along with the infrastructural strengths in library. The facets such as educating the users through the information literacy and metaliteracy; Electronic Information Resources Collection, Building and Management and Creation of Web presence among Library Users are highlighted. Digital Information Services and waving the freshness of innovation; Creating Awareness by being among the users and enhancing learning and need of “Innovation and serving the users at individual level” have been discussed in the context of role in research support.
If You Build It, They Will Come
Authors: Horne-Popp Laura M , Tessone Elisabeth Bliese , Welker Joshua
Published: August 2017

Like many academic libraries throughout the United States, the James C. Kirkpatrick Library at the University of Central Missouri has increasingly documented its impact on the university and its students. A library statistics dashboard tool was developed internally to assist with increased assessment activities. The Information Technology Librarian and the Library Assessment Team collaborated to create the dashboard tool. This case study discusses the impetus for developing the tool and provides a detailed explanation of the creation and testing of the dashboard. The chapter also describes the outcomes of using the dashboard tool in the library's assessment activities, along with recommendations for how other libraries may develop similar tools and skills within their organizations.
Identifying Online Graduate Learners' Perceived Barriers to Their Academic Success
Authors: Banks Karen Lee
Published: August 2017

Online graduate students ages 25 and older have unique challenges toward achieving their academic goals as compared to younger learners, as they often already have families, careers, and other demands on their time. Pursuing advanced degrees is typically related to gaining a competitive edge or to completely changing careers. Learning barriers often include the lack of accommodations for these learners' unique needs and educational preferences. The purpose of this modified Delphi study was to identify these nontraditional online graduate learners' perceived barriers to their learning, along with relevant strategies to decrease those barriers. Sharing this study's results should facilitate these learners' success and increase retention in their respective universities as more non-traditional learners graduate. The study data obtained from the participants included these learners' personal accounts of their own learning needs and preferences, their perceived learning barriers, their anticipated real-world application for their education, and their expectations for program completion.
Fog Computing and Virtualization
Authors: Duggirala Siddhartha
Published: August 2017

The essence of Cloud computing is moving out the processing from the local systems to remote systems. Cloud is an umbrella of physical/virtual services/resources easily accessible over the internet. With more companies adopting cloud either fully through public cloud or Hybrid model, the challenges in maintaining a cloud capable infrastructure is also increasing. About 42% of CTOs say that security is their main concern for moving into cloud. Another problem which is mainly problem with infrastructure is the connectivity issue. The datacenter could be considered as the backbone of cloud computing architecture. As the processing power and storage capabilities of the end devices like mobile phones, routers, sensor hubs improve we can increasing leverage these resources to improve your quality and reliability of services.
A Discrete-Wavelet-Transform- and Hidden-Markov-Model-Based Approach for Epileptic Focus Localization
Authors: Dash Deba Prasad , Kolekar Maheshkumar .H
Published: August 2017

Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder with 40-50 million people suffering with it worldwide. Epilepsy is not life threatening but it disables the person to a greater extent due to its uncertainty of occurrences. Epilepsy is detected by repeated occurrences of seizure. Seizure can be generated in brain due to abnormal activity of group of neurons caused by brain tumor, genetic problem, infection, hemorrhage etc. Seizure can be detected by observing the variation in Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. Focal seizure is defined as seizure localized in one lobe of brain. In this chapter discrete wavelet transform and Hidden Markov Model based focal seizure detection method is proposed for epileptic focus localization. EEG signal was decomposed up to level 5 using dual tree complex wavelet transform and entropy features such as collision entropy, minimum and modified sample entropy were extracted. Hidden Markov model was used for classification purpose. Maximum 80% accuracy was achieved in detecting focal and non-focal EEG signal.
Classification and Compression of ECG Signal for Holter Device
Authors: Jha Chandan Kumar , Kolekar Maheshkumar H.
Published: August 2017

ECG signal processing for holter monitoring of heart patients is still exploratory. Many signal processing techniques have been evolved for classification and compression of ECG signal. Despite an increase in research in this area, many challenges remain in designing an efficient classification and compression algorithm for ECG signal. These challenges include classification accuracy, good compression ratio with acceptable diagnostic quality etc. This chapter addresses a classification and a compression algorithm based on discrete wavelet transform. Classification algorithm uses discrete wavelet transform based feature to classify abnormal heart beat from ECG signal. Support vector machine is used as a classifier to detect abnormal heartbeat. The compression algorithm utilizes discrete wavelet transform and run-length encoding as a compression tool. Proposed classification and compression algorithms can be employed in monitoring of cardiac patients using holter device.
Selected Shape and Texture Features for Automatic Detection of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Singhal Vanika , Singh Preety
Published: August 2017

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is a cancer of blood caused due to increase in number of immature lymphocyte cells. Detection is done manually by skilled pathologists which is time consuming and depends on the skills of the pathologist. The authors propose a methodology for discrimination of a normal lymphocyte cell from a malignant one by processing the blood sample image. Automatic detection process will reduce the diagnosis time and not be limited by human interpretation. The lymphocyte images are classified based on two types of extracted features: shape and texture. To identify prominent shape features, Correlation based Feature Selection is applied. Principal Component Analysis is applied on the texture features to reduce their dimensionality. Support Vector Machine is used for classification. It is observed that 16 shape features are able to give a classification accuracy of 92.3% and that changes in the geometrical properties of the nucleus emerge as significant features contributing towards detecting a malignant lymphocyte.
Case Study
Authors: Albarrán Valeria B. Cuevas , Páramo-Morales Dagoberto
Published: August 2017

This chapter highlights the possibility of doing business in vulnerable communities. The “Chokoj-Laté” case presents an entrepreneurial experience in the Mayan community of José María Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico. It shows a business model developed by three young Mayas, university-level students, who identified a commercial opportunity in their community, the “Chokoj-Laté” Cafeteria. This space has become a promoter of various local products, among which are organic ones that are grown by people from various communities in the Maya area, providing a space to offer their products to consumers in a direct way. The key factors that led to this successful entrepreneurship were: family motivation or family history of having a business, vision of the future, identity, leadership in the community, vision of economic independence, attitude of helping other members of the environment, ease of interaction in other contexts and ease of practical learning.
Entrepreneurial IHEs
Authors: Sanchez-Lopez Alizabeth M. , Segarra-Almestica Eileen , Pérez-López Jose M.
Published: August 2017

Drawing on extant theories of entrepreneurship at the individual, organizational, environmental level, as well as, processes, the chapter presents a framework to stimulate Innovation & Entrepreneurship (I&E) through Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs). The framework positions universities within an institutional environment that provides the cues for configuration of their resource base. Institutions of Higher Education must consider the multiple dimensions of entrepreneurship when organizing their resource base since configurations that support an entrepreneurial focus may inhibit another. Innovation and entrepreneurship outcomes will lead to regional development, and these two will create a new set of institutional conditions in the region. The framework in this chapter serves as blueprint, for researchers and practitioners, to examine the multiple factors, and the synergies among these, to spur regional development through universities and I&E.
Entrepreneurial Initiatives With Re-Migrants
Authors: Varela Rodrigo , Martínez Ana Carolina
Published: August 2017

This chapter describes the development of a program designed for Colombians that, after living several years abroad, decided to return. These re-migrants received support of national government and the Center for Entrepreneurship Development at the Universidad Icesi (CDEE-Icesi) to identify new entrepreneurial ideas, even to start operations and generate income to meet their personal needs in the process of reintegration to the country. The entrepreneurial educational model based on competences designed by CDEE-Icesi, was the focus of the whole training process, and the support phases were done by Centro Alaya based on SBDC´s methodology. The high proportion of participants that were able to start their own enterprise and the entrepreneurial success cases in the first months of operation, allows the CDEE-Icesi to show to the Colombian Foreign Ministry (the funding body for this project) the validity of the integrated approach model, for the process of reintegration of Colombians who are returning to the country.
Informal Investment for Entrepreneurs in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Coduras Alicia , De la Vega Ignacio
Published: August 2017

The authors provide a broad view of the field of informal investment in the region, emphasizing the importance of separating the contribution of this sector from that provided by other channels of financing of entrepreneurship such as angel investment and venture capital. After framing the issue and reviewing the most relevant academic literature, the authors discuss the existing relationship between the current state of informal investment in the area and the size of the informal sector in economies that constitute the sector. They also show the magnitude of informal investment and its impact on the creation of new business activities, identifying the most salient features of the process, as well as their strong and weak points, and a deep reflection on the elements that would have to work to make progress in the modernization of this sector.
Becoming an African Hair Salon Entrepreneur in the United States of America
Authors: Lutomia Anne Namatsi , Bravo Julia Bello , Rombo Dorothy Owino , Seck Fatimata
Published: August 2017

African beauty salons are important institutions in African and African American communities and can be found in nearly every city and community where African immigrants live. This study utilizes case study to explore the pathways to African women's entrepreneurship and business sustainability in hair braiding within the care industry. While social exchange theory and standpoint theory help to illuminate the “non-choice” of salon entrepreneurship for educated African immigrant women, Lave and Wenger's (1991) notion of communities of practice further discloses how the salon space becomes dedicated to more than service delivery. In general, the study shows the efforts of one entrepreneur to fit the unique exigencies of hair braiding to local (western) business requirements. The study identifies how more accommodation of those exigencies would less inhibit this form of African women's entrepreneurship in general and thus benefit local communities at large through more sustainable service delivery, increased revenue flow, and infrastructural support for immigrants in general.
Blended Learning in China
Authors: Wang Hanrong , Nuttall Harry
Published: August 2017

Sprouted in the late 1970s, with the direction and support of the Chinese government and the participation of private institutions, blended learning in China has developed quickly and massively. By reviewing the origin, evolution, and current practices of blended learning in the contexts of elementary and secondary schools, colleges, and universities in China, the authors examine the problems, controversies, and issues raised. While the Chinese government still may play an important role in blended learning in the future, private institutions' involvement, learners' motivation, and learning ideology could become more important in promoting and implementing blended learning. How best to use the current educational system and resources to further promote blended learning in China is a challenge to educational practitioners and policy makers. Blended education in china is at the crossroads.
Community of Inquiry as Teacher Professional Development in China
Authors: Spires Hiller A. , Kerkhoff Shea N. , Zheng Meixun
Published: August 2017

Over the past decades, improving teacher instructional quality has been a top priority in the Chinese government's K-12 educational reform agenda. Within this reform context, the purposes of this chapter are to share: (a) a community of inquiry model of professional development on new literacies that is being used with teachers in China; and (b) qualitative data from three teachers' perceptions of the professional development, their classroom practices, and challenges they are confronting as they implement changes in their educational system. Emerging themes indicated that teachers embraced pedagogical change along a continuum, from resistant to completely open, within the context of their school culture. Challenges to pedagogical change included teacher cultural identity and lack of time and commitment needed for implementation. Future research will include more in-depth analysis of the change process that Chinese teachers embrace as they conceptualize and apply new literacies and innovative pedagogies in their classrooms.
Cosmopolitanism in a World of Teachers
Authors: Lee John K. , Chirino-Klevans Ivonne
Published: August 2017

Cosmopolitanism, an emerging educational context in the last decade, has come to mean many things. Three constructs—cosmopolitanism as experience; cosmopolitanism as multiculturalism; and cosmopolitanism as intercultural competency—provide ways to conceptualize American student teachers in a Chinese school context. In this chapter, a collection of critical incidents is presented to illuminate these constructs in the ways they support and extend the researchers' efforts to use technology to support an international student teaching program in China. Critical incidents describe an event or experience, something planned, if successful or not, or events that are coincidental in nature. Each critical incident is situational and serves as a snapshot to enable discussion and consideration of related issues leading to action. The critical incidents in this chapter show the ways that teachers used technology to deepen their intercultural competencies through the lens of cosmopolitanism while taking into account similarities and differences in the partners' approaches to effective education.
Beyond Determinism and Instrumentalism
Authors: Anwaruddin Sardar M.
Published: August 2017

The primary goal of this chapter is to review two dominant theories of technology and propose a new direction of theory and practice for teaching and learning of English as an additional language. I describe this new direction as a cultural theory of technological mediation. The chapter is divided into three sections. In the first section, I review some dominant theoretical approaches in the literature on CALL. In the second section, I discuss two theories of technology: technological determinism and technological instrumentalism. In the third section, I argue that both determinism and instrumentalism have remained as dominant theoretical approaches in the field of CALL. I discuss why both of these approaches are problematic. Then I propose an alternative to these theoretical approaches. I conclude the chapter by providing three pedagogical principles and a set of heuristic questions that may be helpful for language teachers and language-education researchers.
Establishing a Praxis Between SLA Theory and CALL-Based Practices
Authors: Monfared Amirhossein , Cervantes Seth Eugene , Lee Soo Min , Jackson Monica
Published: August 2017

The field of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) has grown in terms of second language acquisition (SLA) theory. Researchers have linked sociocultural theories to CALL (Youngs, Ducate, & Arnold, 2011), noting that technologies can create communities of practice. Although many L2 learners and language teachers are proficient in the use of technology (Prensky, 2001), this does not mean they can use it systematically to learn or teach (Healey et al., 2011). The aim of this chapter is to connect current sociocultural perspectives with CALL-based technologies. The first part discusses interactionist and sociocultural theories of SLA and shows how technology can build communities of practice, encourage reflection, and ultimately promote autonomous learning (Hubbard, 2004). The second section describes three CALL-based practices: (1) wikis, (2) role-playing games, and (3) online record-keeping. Each description, links these practices to sociocultural perspectives of SLA theory and TESOL Technology Standards (TTS).
Cloud Computing Education Strategies
Authors: Askari Syed Hassan , Ahmad Faizan , Umair Sajid , Khan Safdar Abbas
Published: August 2017

As due to the predominant money related emergency and the developing needs, Higher Education Institutes establishments are confronting challenges in giving essential information technology backing to instructive, innovative work exercises. The higher education establishment must adventure the open doors managed by cloud computing while minimizing the related security dangers to permit access to cutting edge information technology base, server farms, and applications and ensure touchy data. In this paper, cloud computing building design for higher education organization containing the different sending models, service models and client area is proposed. We at last give the suggestions to a fruitful and effective relocation from customary to cloud based framework. This research also to discover different options for the utilization of IT, while driving colleges to enhance dexterity and get investment funds. The examination system comprised in a thorough investigation of the most recent exploration on cloud computing as a different option for IT procurement, administration and security.
Prospective Teachers as Reflective Practitioners
Authors: Öztürk Gökhan
Published: August 2017

This study reports on the process in which practice teaching experiences of prospective teachers were supported by reflective practice elements during their practicum. The participants included five pre-service Turkish EFL teachers in the fourth year of the program. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted at the end of the process, reflective reports written after practice teachings, video-recordings of teachings (two class-hours for each participant) and scaffolded feedback sessions based on these recordings. All the obtained data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The findings revealed that reflective practice integrated into the practice teaching experiences in the pre-service level improved the prospective teachers' awareness of their own teaching skills, critical thinking regarding their practices, recognition of school context and perception towards professional development.
Using Reflection to Explore Cultural Responsiveness of Preservice Teachers
Authors: Whitelaw Louise , Taddei Laura McLaughlin
Published: August 2017

Preservice teachers need experiences that prepare them to work in a variety of settings with a diverse population. Teacher education programs work with mentor teachers and partner schools to provide preservice teachers with time to practice cultural responsiveness. Reflection can be used to explore and discuss these experiences. This chapter will include information on preparing culturally responsive educators with the use of advocacy and reflection, early hands-on experiences, and collaborative professional development. The study involved mentor teachers who reflected on the cultural responsiveness of students placed in their classroom. Preservice teachers completed a survey reflecting on their cultural responsiveness. Preservice teachers need opportunities to work in diverse settings with mentor teachers who support them through the process, and then opportunities to reflect on experiences. The feedback loop between teacher education programs, preservice and mentor teachers is a critical component to successfully preparing culturally responsive teachers.
Analysis of Graduate Dissertations Published in Turkey on Migration in Education and Training
Authors: Güngör Halime , Potas Nihan
Published: August 2017

The general aim of this research is to analyze the graduate dissertations on migration in education and training in Turkey. Dissertations are aimed to be discussed in terms of years, types, departments, research methods, data analysis methods, migration handling methods. This content analysis study has been designed with qualitative research methods. 34 master thesis and 7 doctoral dissertations, totally 41 dissertations on migration on education and training which have been being on YÖK (Higher Education Board) database in Turkey were examined in this research. Research results show that, researchers mostly used qualitative research methods. According to research results, using qualitative research methods in dissertations have been followed by quantitative research methods, survey model, mixed research methods, experimental model, field research and case study. Mostly migration abroad and education, internal migration and reflections on education in various dimensions were investigated in graduate dissertations on migration in education and training in Turkey. In future, thesis on migration in Turkey can be examined on the other fields like economy, sociology, and politics.
The Background of Challenges on Developing Education Policy for Syrians in Turkey
Authors: Kapusuzoğlu Şaduman , Durnalı Mehmet
Published: August 2017

The focus of this study will be on the truth lies in identifying one of the background of challenges on comprehensive and precise educational policies required to be developed and executed so that training and educational needs of immigrants in Turkey will be fulfilled very effectively. The background will be examined in terms of organizations playing active roles in immigrant management. The introduction provides an overview of; relation between integration of immigrants into a society and role of education, adaptation of education system for immigrant, immigrant education policy, and immigrant management. In the main part, Turkish national, supranational and international governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society organizations (CSOs) acting on behalf of meeting the needs of refugees and immigrants in Turkey will be determined and discussed in a systematic and holistic way. Their foundation, main mission, roles, practices, some of their projects will be explained as a sample case.
Don't Talk Back!
Authors: Osa Edorodion Agbon
Published: August 2017

Founded on the philosophy of advancing the course of democracy and acting as a stimulus for socio-cultural transformation at the community level, community broadcasting provides access to the public sphere by making its audience the main characters in the production and dissemination of its messages thus serving as a platform for the expression of the divergent views and opinions that exist at the community level. But almost a century after broadcasting was introduced to Nigeria as part of British imperialism, this grassroots form of broadcasting is yet to fully take off. Starting with a broad examination of public service broadcasting, this chapter discusses the state of community broadcasting in Nigeria, using Habermas' concept of the public sphere, and recommends its improvement given the crucial roles of community broadcasting in the society.
Quality Attributes for Mobile Applications
Authors: Fernandes João M. , Ferreira André L.
Published: August 2017

A mobile application is a type of software application developed to run on a mobile device. The chapter discusses the main characteristics of mobile devices, since they have a great impact on mobile applications. It also presents the classification of mobile applications according to two main types: native and web-based applications. Finally, this chapter identifies the most relevant types of quality attributes for mobile applications. It shows that the relevant quality attributes for mobile applications are usually framed in the Usability, Performance, and Maintainability and Support categories.
An Alternative Threat Model-Based Approach for Security Testing
Authors: Falah Bouchaib , Akour Mohammed , Oukemeni Samia
Published: August 2017

In modern interaction, web applications has gained more and more popularity, which leads to a significate growth of exposure to malicious users and vulnerability attacks. This causes organizations and companies to lose valuable information and suffer from bad reputation. One of the effective mitigation practices is to perform security testing against the application before release it to the market. This solution won't protect web application 100% but it will test the application against malicious codes and reduce the high number of potential attacks on web application. One of known security testing approach is threat modeling, which provides an efficient technique to identify threats that can compromise system security. The authors proposed method, in this paper, focuses on improving the effectiveness of the categorization of threats by using Open 10 Web Application Security Project's (OWASP) that are the most critical web application security risks in generating threat trees in order to cover widely known security attacks.
Fuzzy Rule-Based Vulnerability Assessment Framework for Web Applications
Authors: Shahriar Hossain , Haddad Hisham M.
Published: August 2017

This paper addresses the problem of assessing risk in web application due to implementation level vulnerabilities. In particular, the authors address the common research challenge of finding enough historical data to compute the probability of vulnerabilities and exploitations. They develop a Fuzzy Logic based System (FLS)1 to compute the risk uniformly and to address the diversity of risks. The authors propose a set of crisp metrics that are used to define fuzzy sets. They also develop a set of rule-bases to assess the risk level. The proposed FLS can be a useful tool to aid application developers and industry practitioners to assess the risk and plan ahead for employing necessary mitigation approaches. The authors evaluate their proposed approach using three real-world web applications implemented in PHP, and apply it to four types of common vulnerabilities. The initial results indicate that the proposed FLS approach can effectively discover high risk applications.
BDS
Authors: Gupta Shashank , Gupta B. B.
Published: August 2017

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attack is a vulnerability on the client-side browser that is caused by the improper sanitization of the user input embedded in the Web pages. Researchers in the past had proposed various types of defensive strategies, vulnerability scanners, etc., but still XSS flaws remains in the Web applications due to inadequate understanding and implementation of various defensive tools and strategies. Therefore, in this chapter, the authors propose a security model called Browser Dependent XSS Sanitizer (BDS) on the client-side Web browser for eliminating the effect of XSS vulnerability. Various earlier client-side solutions degrade the performance on the Web browser side. But in this chapter, the authors use a three-step approach to bypass the XSS attack without degrading much of the user's Web browsing experience. While auditing the experiments, this approach is capable of preventing the XSS attacks on various modern Web browsers.
Combining Static Code Analysis and Machine Learning for Automatic Detection of Security Vulnerabilities in Mobile Apps
Authors: Pistoia Marco , Tripp Omer , Lubensky David
Published: August 2017

Mobile devices have revolutionized many aspects of our lives. Without realizing it, we often run on them programs that access and transmit private information over the network. Integrity concerns arise when mobile applications use untrusted data as input to security-sensitive computations. Program-analysis tools for integrity and confidentiality enforcement have become a necessity. Static-analysis tools are particularly attractive because they do not require installing and executing the program, and have the potential of never missing any vulnerability. Nevertheless, such tools often have high false-positive rates. In order to reduce the number of false positives, static analysis has to be very precise, but this is in conflict with the analysis' performance and scalability, requiring a more refined model of the application. This chapter proposes Phoenix, a novel solution that combines static analysis with machine learning to identify programs exhibiting suspicious operations. This approach has been widely applied to mobile applications obtaining impressive results.
An Empirical Study of Usability Metric for Websites
Authors: Kaur Sukhpuneet , Kaur Kulwant , Singh Hardeep , Kaur Parminder
Published: August 2017

A Concern is any important property or area of interest of a system that can treat in a modular way. One of the most important Concerns is Usability which is considered one of the key principles in Software Engineering. The importance of Usability Evaluation has dramatically increased due to extremely fast growth in Internet technology. The website design is directly related to the purpose of the website. Website with poor usability can easily destroy the purpose of website. So, the authors have chosen one of the concern “usability” which is the core component of web applications. The purpose of this chapter is to analysis and proposes an appropriate web usability metric for evaluation of universities website. The proposed method will be based partly on a literature study and partly on the survey analysis response by visitors.
Quantitative Evaluation of Web2.0 Application
Authors: Mishra Jibitesh , Naik Kabita Rani
Published: August 2017

Web 2.0 is a new generation of web applications where the users are able to participate, collaborate and share the created artefacts. Web 2.0 is all about the collective intelligence. Web 2.0 applications are widely used for all the educational, professional, business and entertainment purposes. But a methodology for quantitative evaluation of web2.0 application quality is still not available. With the advancement of web technology various dimensions to evaluate web2.0 application quality is changing. So studies will be made to select a quality model that is required for web 2.0 application. Then the quantitative analysis will be done on the basis of questionnaire method and statistical formula. Quantitative analysis is necessary to know the weakness and strength of a website and then to improve the web quality. Quantitative evaluation can also be used for comparing two or more websites. In this study, quantitative analysis is done for each quality attribute of two social networking sites. Then the two sites are compared on the basis of the quantitative value of quality.
Common Problems Faced When Developing Applications for Mobile Devices
Authors: Curran Kevin , Carlin Sean , McMahon Joseph
Published: August 2017

Mobile application development is relatively new and has seen growth of late. With this rapid expansion, there are growing pains within industry, as the usual time given to the evolution of an industry to learn from past mistakes has been significantly shortened and is even going on within the currently saturated market. Because of this, inexperienced developers are attempting to design applications based on what is of yet a shady set of design principals. This is providing problems during the development process and can be seen to be stifling innovation, as many developers have yet to get a grasp on the shift between traditional software engineering and what it means to implicate these designs on a mobile device. This chapter analyses these difficulties in depth, as well as attempting to draw solutions to these problems based on development in the context of the characteristics of mobile devices.
Predicting Behavioral Intentions Toward Sustainable Fashion Consumption
Authors: Manchiraju Srikant
Published: August 2017

In recent years, sustainable consumption has received considerable attention. In fact, to save the planet Earth and future generations, it has been proposed the issue of sustainable consumption should be addressed. Consequently, in the present chapter, two theoretical models are analyzed separately, as well as in conjunction, to understand sustainable consumption in the context of fashion. Furthermore, the present study's theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Fashion Technology and the Development of New Business Models
Authors: Schluep Raphayela Belém
Published: August 2017

This chapter explores the concept and components of business models and particularly, the technological innovation of predominant business models in the fashion industry associated with the phenomenon of convergence. The main inquiry revolves around how business models in the fashion industry are handling the ongoing challenges and changes of new technologies. This multiple-case study validates that technological convergence is the key to accomplishing business model innovation in the fashion industry. Limitations and further research are considered relevant because of the dynamic and complex extension of this topic and the current lack of published material.
Fusion of Artisan and Virtual
Authors: Webster Karen
Published: August 2017

Three defining pillars spearhead the current global fashion system: speed to market, overt supply (and consumption) and low prices. This contrasts with a juxtaposing position, through the evolution of slow fashion constructs, embracing artisan techniques with bespoke methodologies. Additional to this is an emerging paradigm integrating new technologies including the strengthening of online retail, virtual interfaces for communication with end-users including customised manufacturing and small scale production runs plus the capacity to communicate and market to anyone, anywhere at anytime across the globe. When these two potentially disparate cultural positions in fashion are considered in tandem, it can facilitate opportunities for small-scale operations to use their size as a platform for flexibility, responsiveness and growth. This model provides for customised and personalised options for a discerning and socially responsible fashion customer. The blurring of bespoke and virtual sees the rise of the digital fashion artisans.
Cognitive Processes in Fashion Design
Authors: Júnior Geraldo Coelho Lima
Published: August 2017

This chapter is concerned with the teaching and learning of modelling in fashion design courses. Following a series of observations, it was found that fashion design students, with normal sight, have difficulties in fully understanding how an item of clothing can be transposed to a modelling display bust, which represents the body of the wearer. The same obstacle affects visually-handicapped students. This study seeks to explore ways of overcoming this problem. It involves seeking to introduce features into teaching that can allow a comprehensive learning program to be taught and in particular, to concentrate on certain key factors - cognition, constancy and abstraction - with regard to the information on fashion projects that can be found in the surrounding learning environment.
Enhancing public project implementation in Botswana during the NDP 11 period
Authors: Botlhale Emmanuel
Published: August 2017

Successful project implementation is critical in development planning. If there is poor project implementation, economic development will be stalled. Generally, public project implementation has a chequered history. This is particularly true in developing countries which are characterised by low levels of project management maturity. The objective of this article is to review public project implementation in Botswana and recommend improvements for the National Development Plan (NDP) 11 period (2017/2018-2022/2023). The article used the survey strategy and adopted the descriptive approach. Data collection sources were mixed, that is, primary and secondary sources. It concluded that public projects are either poorly implemented (i.e. not implemented in accordance with the ‘Project Management Triple Constraint’ of cost, time and scope) or not implemented at all. Given a constrained revenue envelope post 2008, there is a need for improved project implementation. Amongst others, this calls for professional public project implementation so that NDPs become a reality.
Particle and Coil Arterial Embolization of Intralobar Sequestration for the Treatment of Hemoptysis and Chronic Productive Cough
Authors: Alawad Saud H. , Alkhamis Khalid F. , Rana Tauqir Ahmed , Binkhamis Shagran M.
Published: August 2017

We present a case of a 33-year-old male who presented with hemoptysis for 12 days and productive cough for 6 months. Computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography showed an aberrant artery arising from the infradiaphragmatic aorta supplying the medial segment of the right lower lobe. Particle and coil arterial embolization of the aberrant artery resulted in complete resolution of hemoptysis and chronic cough at 1-year follow-up.
Postoperative Intrahepatic Calculus: The Role of Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy
Authors: Irfanullah Asad , Masood Kamran , Memon Yousuf , Irfanullah Zakariya
Published: August 2017

Bile duct stones are a known complication after a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Different minimally invasive stone extraction techniques, including endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with basket removal or the use of a choledocoscope through a mature T-tube tract, can be used. However, in some cases, they are unsuccessful due to complicated postsurgical anatomy or technical difficulty. In this report, we present a case where extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy was used in conjunction with standard interventional techniques to treat bile duct stones.
A ocupação da cidade de São Paulo: as inscrições urbanas como elos ou barreiras entre o centro e a periferia
Authors: Lenzi Rafael Giardini , Cortez Mariana
Published: August 2017

A cidade de São Paulo é um cenário privilegiado da arte urbana, especialmente das inscrições urbanas. Entendemos o artista da rua como um agente social que atua e transforma a paisagem urbana e sua arte como forma de democratização da expressão plástica. À luz da Sociossemiótica desenvolvida por Landowski (2006, 2002, 1992), analisaremos a pichação e o grafite – práticas que entrelaçam centro e periferia, investindo sujeitos diferenciados dos programados pela cidade. Diante da diversidade artística em São Paulo, interessa descrever como essas inscrições urbanas ocupam a cidade e delineiam sujeitos submetidos a destinadores outros na urbe.  Utilizamos, então, uma diferenciação do praticante (artista) e da prática (sua arte) para entender essa forma de ocupação urbana como um elo entre as polaridades sócio-espaciais da cidade.
Escola: os piores anos de minha vida, de James Patterson e Chris Tebbetts
Authors: Januario da Silva Adilson
Published: August 2017

A relação entre aluno e escola tem sido tema de inúmeros trabalhos acadêmicos,  sob os mais variados enfoques, sejam psicológicos, sociológicos, antropológicos, filosóficos ou até psicanalíticos, sendo este um assunto bastante relevante para quem se debruça na tarefa de entender o espaço escolar e a forma como este é representado no imaginário de seu sujeito principal: o aluno. Em Escola, os piores anos de minha vida, Patterson e Tebbetts, trazem subsídios a estas discussões.
Análises de referências culturais nas traduções de textos científicos de ciências humanas
Authors: Pfau Monique
Published: August 2017

Quando escritos na língua original, os textos trazem uma série de referências culturais próprias que embelezam ou facilitam a leitura do público-alvo da sua respectiva cultura. Porém, uma vez que tais referências passam pelo processo tradutório, há uma situação delicada de escolha do tradutor para comunicar-se com o leitor da cultura de chegada. O estudo faz uma breve análise teórica a respeito da tradução de referências culturais em textos científicos brasileiros da área de Ciências Humanas observando estratégias de tradução encontradas em textos bilíngües com base em categorias de análise. Para tal, compreende-se o contexto de produção dos originais que levam particularidades brasileiras a dialogar com leitores estrangeiros. O estudo focou na compreensão de como os tradutores manipulam as referências culturais para que haja comunicação. Os resultados mostram que escolhas tradutórias podem comprometer a compreensão do texto-alvo e a criatividade do tradutor é crucial para que ele atinja seu propósito.
Luhmann, Lotman e o problema da fronteira: uma reflexão teórico-crítica em torno das categorias de inclusão e exclusão
Authors: Steffens Jan , Dantas Suene De Souza
Published: August 2017

Este artigo tem por finalidade apresentar o atual debate sobre inclusão e exclusão na Alemanha. A reflexão teórico-crítica, aqui proposta, baseia-se numa discussão científica em torno da definição categórica de ambos os termos, e nos desafios provenientes desse embate. Para isso, com base nos teóricos Niklas Luhmann e Yuri Lotman, será problematizado o conceito de fronteira, concebida como uma dimensão espaço-temporal onde o diálogo entre sistemas psíquicos, e entre sistemas sociais, efetua-se. Neste sentido, poder-se-ia compreender a exclusão como um monólogo do “sistema de poder”, o qual é produzido na dimensão espaço-temporal da fronteira. E a inclusão, como um diálogo firmado na fronteira do sistema. A sustentação desse diálogo se dá, tanto no reconhecimento dos direitos humanos e cidadãos, quanto numa “abertura para o outro”, a qual implica a disposição para uma influência mútua e mudanças potenciais, através da experiência de um diálogo verdadeiro.