bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smart Navigation for Visually Impaired people using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Shendge Rajvardhan , Patil Aditya , Kadu Siddhi
Published: May 2022

This research introduces a blind aid that uses a live object recognition system. People who are blind or partially sighted rely significantly on their other senses, such as touch and auditory cues, to comprehend their surroundings. There is a need to deploy a technology that assists visually impaired persons in their daily routines, as there is now very little aid. Existing solutions, such as Screen Reading software and Braille devices, assist visually impaired individuals in reading and gaining access to numerous gadgets. However, these technologies are rendered worthless When the blind need to perform basic activities like recognizing the situation before them, such as recognizing people or objects, technologies become ineffective. This method will benefit blind or visually challenged all across the world. The goal is to help a person with total or partial blindness obtain a second set of eyesight without the assistance of a guardian, allowing them to live a better and more independent life. This project outlines working to create a more welcoming and inclusive environment, focusing on assistive technology that provides services, resources, and information to those with visual disabilities.
Crop State Analysis Using Image Processing
Authors: Khandagale Pratik , Eranjikal Dharmaraj , Parab Siddhi , Garg Bhawana
Published: May 2022

Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for the majority of India’s population. In the traditional agriculture system, farmers have to manually check their crops in every section of the farm. This may at times leave some sections unchecked. Due to this, crop health may deteriorate considerably. If may not be treated in time, the farmer will face a huge loss and the crop yield will also reduce. To overcome this problem, a system can be employed to monitor the crops and out the sections where crop condition is worsening. For this, an image processing algorithm can be implemented. Through this system, the received data from the algorithm will be manipulated to enhance the crop’s health.
Performance of fault classification on Photovoltaic modules using Thermographic images
Authors: Raorane Ashwini , Magare Dhiraj , Mistry Yogita
Published: May 2022

In this paper, presents thermal image analysis on Fault Classification (FDC) of Photovoltaic (PV) Module. The traditional manual approach of PV inspection is generally more time-consuming, more dangerous, and less accurate than the modern approach of PV inspection using Thermography Images (TI). The benefit in using (TI) images is that it can be used to quickly establish problematic areas in PV Module and provide various measurement details. Thermal image analysis conducted in this research will contribute to inspect PV module by providing a more accurate and cost-efficient diagnosis of PV faults. To maintain the long-term reliability of solar modules and maximize the power output, faults in modules need to be diagnosed at an early stage. In this research, thermographic images were used to detect faults in PV Module using traditional methods and Deep learning methods are mainly used to identify and classify the type of faults that can happen in PV Module. This method will present and discuss on the fault classification and its performance parameters. The fault detection stage determined whether the PV module has an abnormal condition. In this research, performance metrics of fault classification using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) models is analyzed, which offers high accuracy for detecting abnormalities in image classification tasks.
A novel feature extraction and mapping using convolutional autoencoder for enhancement of Underwater image/video
Authors: Sonawane Jitendra , Patil Mukesh , Birajdar Gajanan
Published: May 2022

Marine resources known to human are very limited and as 71% world is surrounded by ocean, we are yet to discover the many of the species and the enriched resources. Often the Underwater scenery collected are poorly illuminated, degraded, and distorted due to light propagation model underwater, water molecules and impurities as well. Counting on to these factors images/videos collected in underwater environment are in need of enhancement. We propose a method of utilizing convolution autoencoder, which can be able to collect the features of underwater images and enhanced image and then the feature mapping of this can be used in testing of the other underwater images/videos. The method utilizes the technique, which combines benefits of unsupervised convolution autoencoder to extract non-trivial features and utilized them for the enhancement of the underwater images. In order to evaluate the performance, we have used both subjective as well as objective evaluation method. Evaluation parameters used represent the results of the proposed method are significant for enhancement of underwater imagery. With the proposed network, we expect to advance underwater image enhancement research and its applications in many areas like in study of marine organism, their behaviour according to the environment, ocean exploration and Autonomous underwater vehicle.
Sports Injury Prediction System using Random Forest Classifier
Authors: Shringarpure Akshay , Shetty Ronak , Surve Ajinkya , Vidhate Amarsinh
Published: May 2022

One of the largest growing industries in the modern-day world is the sporting industry. Currently valued at around 500 billion USD, with a growth scope of exponential potential, its ability to attract investors is incredible. And just like any other investment. It is part andparcel of the investor’s fiscal responsibility to take good care of their assets. The biggest assets in the sporting industry are of course the players, and the greatest threat to said assets is injuries. We take into consideration said factors and deem it important to solve said issues, and understanding the money involved, the industry sides with us too. We seek to solve the said problemby taking into account all previous injury records and datasets of various players and predicting the kind, number, and severity of the injuries in the future. We seek to create a methodology for such prediction, which applies to all and any sports, being one of the only such models of its kind.
Computer Control Using Vision-Based Hand Motion Recognition System
Authors: Varma Anshal , Pawaskar Sanyukta , More Sumedh , Raorane Ashwini
Published: May 2022

In our day-to-day communication and expression, gestures play a crucial role. As a result, using them to interact with technical equipment requires small cognitive data processing on our part. Because it creates a large barrier between the user and the machine, using a physical device for human-computer interaction, such as a mouse or keyboard, obstructs the natural interface. In this study, we created a sophisticated marker-free hand gesture detection structure that can monitor both dynamic and static hand gestures. Our system turns motion detection into actions such as opening web pages and launching programs. This system will bring a revolution in various industries, which has the potential to replace traditional devices and time-consuming computer handling methods.
Offline Transaction System
Authors: Kochar Shitanshu , Nikam Hrishikesh , Tripathi Rahul , Vidhate Amarsinh
Published: May 2022

The usage of online payment systems is increasing multifold these days due to their transaction reliability and ease of completion in real-time. The most preferred service is UPI service, which is majorly available in Metropolitan cities, in some semi-urban and rural areas which have a proper communication infrastructure. However, there is a major issue to expand these services in rural areas, which lack proper communication infrastructure. Even after the internet revolution, it is ensured that all Indians are connected to data at all times but there might be situations where the user could not able to connect to the Internet owing to many reasons like High Altitude, Low Network availability, in-flight, etc. As an individual, such situations cannot be avoided, and there it comes to the applicability of offline transaction systems. We plan to change that by introducing an offline transaction system. We plan to expand on the idea of an offline payment system that will ensure that a reliable & secured digital payment system is available to all individuals.
Quantum plasmonics of few electrons in strongly confined doped semiconducting oxide: A DFT  + U study of ZnGaO
Authors: Dada D. , Kurian G. , Mochena M. D.
Published: May 2022

It has been reported in photodoping experiments that localized surface plasmonic resonances can be sustained with electrons as few as 3. We performed first principles calculations of density functional theory, with the Hubbard U correction, to see if localized surface plasmonic resonances can also be sustained by doping a wide bandgap ZnO with few shallow donors of Ga. We distributed 3–6 dopants approximately uniformly, due to quasi-spherical geometry of the quantum dot, in the dilute doping limit. The uniform distribution of dopants in quantum dots has been reported experimentally. Although the dopant configurations are limited due to computational cost, our findings shed light on absorption trends. Results for quantum dots of 1.4 nm, passivated with pseudo-hydrogens, show that localized surface plasmonic resonances can be generated in the near infrared range. The absorption linewidths for such small-sized quantum dots are broad. We find that the resonance linewidth depends on the orientation of surfaces and the number of secondary peaks on the concentration of dopants. The absorption coefficients, as functions of the principal values of the dielectric tensor, indicate that an electric field with orientation parallel to that of the most symmetric surface will produce localized surface plasmonic resonances with high quality factors.
Relating detonation parameters to the detonation synthesis of silicon carbide
Authors: Langenderfer Martin , Bohannan Eric , Watts Jeremy , Fahrenholtz William , Johnson Catherine E.
Published: May 2022

Detonation synthesis of silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles from carbon liberated by negatively oxygen balanced explosives was evaluated in a 23 factorial design to determine the effects of three categorical experimental factors: (1) cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine (RDX)/2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) ratio, (2) silicon (Si) additive concentration, and (3) Si particle size. These factors were evaluated at low and high levels as they relate to the detonation performance of the explosive and the solid Si-containing phases produced. Detonation velocity and Chapman–Jouguet (C–J) detonation pressure, which were measured using rate stick plate dent tests, were evaluated. Solid detonation product mass, silicon carbide product concentration, and residual silicon concentration were evaluated using the x-ray diffraction analysis. The factors of Si concentration and the RDX:TNT ratio were shown to affect detonation performance in terms of detonation velocity and C–J pressure by up to 10% and 22%, respectively. Increased concentration of Si in the reactants improved the average SiC concentration in the detonation products from 1.9 to 2.8 wt. %. Similarly, increasing the ratio of RDX to TNT further oxidized detonation products and reduced the average residual Si remaining after detonation from 8.6 to 2.8 wt. %. A 70:30 mass ratio mixture of RDX to TNT loaded with 10 wt. % < 44 μm silicon powder produced an estimated 1.33 g of nanocrystalline cubic silicon carbide from a 150-g test charge. Using a lower concentration of added silicon with a finer particle size reduced SiC yield in the residue to 0.38 g yet improved the SiC to residual Si ratio to 1.64:1.
Modulation-free portable laser frequency and power stabilization system
Authors: Wang Mengke , Kong Jia , Fu Jiqing , Liu Hao , Lu Xiao-Ming
Published: May 2022

The performance of laser-based instruments heavily depends on the stability of their laser source. Some instruments, such as the Cs–4He magnetometer, even require the frequency stabilization and the power stabilization at the same time. In this work, we design a double-locking system with a fiber-coupled output on a small bread board and apply it to the pump laser of a Cs–4He magnetometer. By carefully choosing the stabilization methods, we significantly improve the long-term simultaneous stability of frequency and power of the pump laser. The laser frequency drifts in 2 h are reduced from 100 to 10 MHz. For 10 h continuous measurements, their Allan deviation obtains about two orders of magnitude improvement for the averaging time larger than 200 s and reaches σ(τ) = 1.57 × 10−9 with a 200 s averaging time. The laser power stability for 1.8 h also obtains two orders of magnitude improvement from 3.22% to 0.031%, and its power noise reaches a level that is very close to the electronic noise of the detector. Applying this stabilization system to the pump laser of a fiber-coupled Cs–4He magnetometer, its magnetic sensor noise is significantly reduced from 0.158 to 0.009 nT, which is a reasonable noise for magnetic field detection. With this on-board design of the laser stabilization system, it is more convenient to transform the magnetometer into an outdoor device.
Tunable skyrmion–edge interaction in magnetic multilayers by interlayer exchange coupling
Authors: Wu Kai , Yang Sheng , Zhao Yuelei , Liang Xue , Xing Xiangjun , Zhou Yan
Published: May 2022

Magnetic skyrmions are appealing for applications in emerging topological spintronic devices. However, when magnetic skyrmions in a nanowire are driven by an in-plane current, a transverse Magnus force deflects their trajectories from the current direction, which tends to push the skyrmion toward the edge. If the current density is exceedingly large, the skyrmion will be annihilated around the edge, leading to a greatly reduced propagation distance and a maximum speed of the skyrmion, which is detrimental to skyrmion-based spintronic applications. Here, we prepare a magnetic multilayer Ta/[Pt/Co]3/Ru/[Co/Pt]3 and tailor the interlayer exchange coupling strength by varying the thickness of the Ru layer. Based on the magneto-optic Kerr effect microscope, we find that the skyrmion–edge interaction is tunable by the interlayer exchange coupling strength, namely, the strength of the repulsive potential from the film edge is tailored by the interlayer exchange coupling strength. Our results unveil the significant role of the interlayer exchange coupling in skyrmion dynamics.
Anisotropic magnetostructural transition in epitaxial Mn–Ni–Co–Ti Heusler alloy thin film
Authors: Ling Yechao , Hu Yong , Chi Xiaodan , Chen Jiawei , Wang Haobo , Niu Ben , Wu Di , Xu Mingxiang , Han Zhida , Du Jun , Xu Qingyu
Published: May 2022

Heusler alloys are distinctive functional materials related to the phase transitions due to the strong magnetic and structural coupling. By the epitaxial strain from the rigid substrates, anisotropic magnetostructural transition (MST) might be observed in different crystalline orientations, leading to novel properties and functions. In this work, 62 nm thick (001)-oriented Mn49.1Ni34.0Co9.6Ti7.3 films are epitaxially grown on (001) MgO substrates. Clear MST is observed accompanied by a broad transition hysteresis from the thermomagnetic (M–T) curves with an out-of-plane (OP) magnetic field, while the transition hysteresis is absent under an in-plane (IP) magnetic field. It is related to the main lattice distortion occurring in OP orientation during the martensitic transformation because of the kinetic arrest of the IP structure by the MgO substrate. The spin glass (SG) phase is observed in IP orientation, which is lacking in OP orientation and the bulk. Clear exchange bias (EB) is observed in both the IP and OP directions. OP EB originates from exchange coupling between the ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic phases, while IP EB is partially contributed by the exchange coupling between the SG and FM phases. It is ascribed to the establishment of metastable spin configuration in IP orientation with sufficient surrounding spins, but stable spin configuration in OP orientation due to the limited number of surrounding spins, which has been confirmed by Monte-Carlo simulation results. Our results provide a novel strategy for the modification of the physical properties of Heusler alloys and the design of novel magnetic devices.
Modified DKP hierarchy as modified BKP hierarchy
Authors: Guan Wenchuang , Wang Shen , Guo Weici , Cheng Jipeng
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we investigate some topics involving the modified D-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (DKP) hierarchy. Note that the modified DKP (mDKP) hierarchy is just the modified B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (BKP) hierarchy in the bosonic forms. Based on this fact, we first proved the conjecture in You [Physica D 50, 429–462 (1991)], that is, the product of the two tau functions of the mDKP hierarchy is some tau function of the KP hierarchy. Then, we investigate the Darboux transformations of the DKP and mDKP hierarchy. Finally, the solutions of the constrained BKP hierarchy are given in the context of the fermionic representation of infinite Lie algebra d∞.
Development of a microfluidic platform to maintain viability of micro-dissected tumor slices in culture
Authors: Parsian Maryam , Mutlu Pelin , Yildirim Ender , Ildiz Can , Ozen Can , Gunduz Ufuk
Published: May 2022

One of the issues limiting the development of personalized medicine is the absence of realistic models that reflect the nature and complexity of tumor tissues. We described a new tissue culture approach that combines a microfluidic chip with the microdissected breast cancer tumor. “Tumor-on-a-chip” devices are suitable for precision medicine since the viability of tissue samples is maintained during the culture period by continuously feeding fresh media and eliminating metabolic wastes from the tissue. However, the mass transport of oxygen, which arguably is the most critical nutrient, is rarely assessed. According to our results, transportation of oxygen provides satisfactory in vivo oxygenation within the system. A high level of dissolved oxygen, around 98%–100% for every 24 h, was measurable in the outlet medium. The microfluidic chip system developed within the scope of this study allows living and testing tumor tissues under laboratory conditions. In this study, tumors were generated in CD-1 mice using MDA-MB-231 and SKBR-3 cell lines. Microdissected tumor tissues were cultured both in the newly developed microfluidic chip system and in conventional 24-well culture plates. Two systems were compared for two different types of tumors. The confocal microscopy analyses, lactate dehydrogenase release, and glucose consumption values showed that the tissues in the microfluidic system remained more viable with respect to the conventional well plate culturing method, up to 96 h. The new culturing technique described here may be superior to conventional culturing techniques for developing new treatment strategies, such as testing chemotherapeutics on tumor samples from individual patients.
Dependence of hysteresis loss of immobilized magnetic nanoparticles on the easy-axis angle: Effect of easy-axis alignment
Authors: Enpuku Keiji , Yoshida Takashi
Published: May 2022

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely studied for hyperthermia applications. We studied the hysteresis loss of immobilized MNPs with partially aligned easy axes. For this purpose, we investigated how the AC magnetization (M–H) curve of MNP depended on the easy-axis angle of magnetization, β, via numerical simulations of the Fokker–Planck equation. We clarified the dependences of the coercive field, Hc, and the hysteresis loss, A, on β. We, thus, obtained analytical expressions for Hc(β) and A(β) that explain simulation results for a wide range of MNP parameters and excitation conditions. The angle dependences were also discussed on the basis of magnetic moment reversal over the anisotropy energy barrier. We then examined the hysteresis loss of an MNP sample with partial alignment of the easy axes and obtained an expression for the loss by combining A(β) and a distribution function for β. We quantitatively clarified the relationship between the loss and the degree of easy-axis alignment. The loss of immobilized MNPs can be increased by a factor of 2.2 by using easy-axis alignment relative to the case of randomly oriented easy axes. Finally, we examined the alignment of easy axes induced by an AC field in suspended MNPs and showed that the loss of immobilized MNPs with partially aligned easy axes can be used to estimate the loss for suspended MNPs.
In-house testing for COVID-19: effects on length of stay, isolation and the need for inpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Scanlon Cian , Cheng Ryan , McRobb Evan , Ibrahim Murad
Published: May 2022

Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has strained healthcare worldwide. Its direct complications, management and prognosis have been described. Downstream effects, including length of hospital stay (LOS), implications on discharge planning, and effect of in-house testing require formal study. Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients suspected of COVID-19 infection admitted at a metropolitan Australian hospital was conducted. Outcomes before and after availability of in-house COVID-19 testing were compared. Results A total of 129 admissions were analysed. Indications for COVID-testing were dyspnoea (61.2%), fever (19.3%) and delirium (10.8%). All tested negative for COVID-19. Prior to in-house testing, mean LOS was 7.17 days (s.d. ± 4.2), and mean isolation of 1.8 days (s.d. ± 0.8). After availability of in-house testing, mean LOS was 4.78 days (s.d. ± 4.3) with mean isolation of 1.3 days (s.d. ± 0.9), both statistically significant differences. There were five inpatient falls, equivalent to 14.8 falls per 1000 patient/days. Twenty-two patients (17%) required subsequent sub-acute admission, 15 before in-house testing and five after (P = 0.058); however, a sub-group analysis for age >65 years was performed, and the results were significant (P < 0.05), showing all patients who required subacute admissions were aged >65. Conclusion In-house COVID-19 testing is suggested to significantly reduce the duration patients spend in isolation and overall LOS in hospital. A shorter period of isolation and hospital LOS may reduce the need for subacute transfer in patients aged greater than 65 years, as well as the rates of inpatient falls. Large scale studies are needed to further elucidate these findings.
Effect of comorbidities on inpatient rehabilitation outcomes following non-traumatic lower limb amputations in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Archer Jack Peter , Capell Jacquelin , Mullan Judy , Alexander Tara
Published: May 2022

Background Non-traumatic lower limb amputation rates are rising worldwide, resulting in increased hospitalisations and use of rehabilitation services. This study aimed to identify key comorbidities associated with prolonged length of stay or decreased functional gain for episodes receiving inpatient rehabilitation following non-traumatic lower limb amputation. Methods Prospectively collected data submitted to the Australasian Rehabilitation Outcomes Centre were analysed. The cohort comprised episodes for patients (aged ≥18 years) discharged from inpatient rehabilitation between 1 July 2013 and 30 June 2018 following a non-traumatic lower limb amputation. Results The cohort included 5074 episodes with an average age of 66.3 years and the majority being male (71.7%). Comorbidities affecting the ability to participate in rehabilitation were reported for 65.4% of episodes, most commonly diabetes mellitus (50.3%), cardiac disease (33.5%), and respiratory disease (10.1%). These comorbidities were associated with a prolonged length of stay and reduced functional improvement. Conclusion This study showed comorbidities contribute to prolonged length of stay and poorer functional outcomes among those undergoing inpatient rehabilitation following non-traumatic lower limb amputation. Future research should focus on strategies to address these comorbidities to help improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.
The impact of standardised goals of care documentation on the use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, and intensive care unit admissions in older patients: a retrospective observational analysis
Authors: Dignam Colette , Brown Margaret , Horwood Chris , Thompson Campbell H.
Published: May 2022

Background In South Australian hospitals, ‘Do Not Resuscitate’ orders have been replaced by ‘7-Step Pathway Acute Resuscitation Plans’, a standardised form and approach that encourages shared decision-making while providing staff with clarity about goals of care. This initiative has led to increased rates of documentation about treatment preferences, including ‘Not-For-Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation’. Aim To quantify any effect of the 7-Step Pathway form versus previous ‘Do Not Resuscitate’ orders on cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, and/or intensive care unit admission during hospitalisation. Methods We completed a retrospective, observational study in two Australian tertiary hospitals using interrupted time-series analysis. We examined the number of medical inpatients aged 70 years and over who received one or more Intensive Treatments-cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, or intensive care unit admission-in the 2 years before and 2 years after the introduction of the form. Results There were 2759 Intensive Treatments across 66 051 inpatient admissions; 1304/32 489 (4.0%) pre-intervention and 1455/33 562 post-intervention (4.3%). Sub-group analysis of those who died in hospital showed 400/1669 (24%) received Intensive Treatments pre-intervention and 382/1624 post-intervention (24%). Interrupted time-series analysis suggested that the intervention did not significantly alter Intensive Treatments over time at Hospital 1 and was associated with a significant slowing of the already decreasing use of Intensive Treatments at Hospital 2. Among patients who died in hospital, there was minimal change at either site. Conclusions There was no reduction in Intensive Treatments in older medical inpatients following the introduction of standardised goals of care documentation.
MITF deficiency accelerates GNAQ-driven uveal melanoma
Authors: Phelps Grace B. , Hagen Hannah R. , Amsterdam Adam , Lees Jacqueline A.
Published: May 2022

Significance

Uveal melanoma (UM) is a cancer of eye melanocytes. Although relatively rare, UM is extremely deadly, as approximately half of all patients develop liver metastases for which there are no approved therapies. Even therapies that succeed in cutaneous melanoma (CM) treatment have proven ineffectual for UM, highlighting both the distinct nature of these two melanomas and the need to understand the differences between them. Here, we show that autochthonous UM tumors are rapidly induced by activated YAP and can lack hyperactive ERK, highlighting YAP as a promising therapeutic target. We further show thatMITFfunctions as a tumor suppressor in UM in contrast to its essential role in CM, establishing that MITF inhibition should not be entertained for UM treatment.
Two kinds of memory signals in neurons of the human hippocampus
Authors: Urgolites Zhisen J. , Wixted John T. , Goldinger Stephen D. , Papesh Megan H. , Treiman David M. , Squire Larry R. , Steinmetz Peter N.
Published: May 2022

Significance

Episodic memories represent the “what,” “when,” and “where” of specific episodes. In epilepsy patients, we detected single-unit activity reflecting episodic memory only in the hippocampus. This neural signal is sparsely coded and pattern-separated, consistent with predictions from neurocomputational models. We also detected single-unit activity reflecting a generic memory signal, coding whether an item is old or new without item-specific episodic information. Similar to concept cells, this generic repetition/novelty neural signal was found in multiple brain regions, including the hippocampus. In contrast, the item-specific signal was found only in the hippocampus. Our results indicate the coexistence of two memory signals in the human brain and suggest that the sparsely coded, hippocampus-specific signal is fundamental, whereas the often-studied generic signal is derivative.
Neo-sex chromosome evolution shapes sex-dependent asymmetrical introgression barrier
Authors: Wang Silu , Nalley Matthew J. , Chatla Kamalakar , Aldaimalani Reema , MacPherson Ailene , Wei Kevin H.-C. , Corbett-Detig Russell B. , Mai Dat , Bachtrog Doris
Published: May 2022

Significance

It is increasingly recognized that sex chromosomes are not only the battlegrounds between sexes but also the Great Walls fencing off introgression between diverging lineages. Here we dissect the multifaceted roles of sex chromosomes using experimental evolution, whole-genome resequencing, and theoretical modeling, taking advantage of hybrid populations between a
Drosophila
sister species pair in the early stage of speciation that have different sex chromosome systems. Our work sheds light onto the complex roles of neo-sex chromosome evolution in creating a sex-dependent asymmetrical introgression barrier at a species boundary, and we show how diverse population genetic forces act in concert to explain observed patterns of introgression across the genome.
The representation of mothers and the gendered social structure of nineteenth-century children’s
literature
Authors: Čermáková Anna , Mahlberg Michaela
Published: May 2022

Language has the capacity to create fictional worlds and to describe real-life social structures. In this paper,
we explore gendered social structures in a corpus of nineteenth-century children’s fiction. We describe these structures in terms
of the frequent nouns that are used to label people in the texts of the corpus. Through a bottom-up categorisation of these nouns into four
groups, we find, in line with previous studies, textual evidence of a society that is unequal and that is divided into a private
and a public sphere. Our study focuses in particular on mothers, the most frequent character type in children’s fiction. The
representation of mothers includes abstract qualities, such as a mother’s love, as well as concrete behaviours, such as mothers
taking their children into their arms. Both types of qualities contribute to the depiction of mothers as an anchor point for the
private sphere.
粵東閩語揭陽方言「著[tioʔ5]」的多功能性及其語法化
Authors: Huang Yanxuan , Wen Dongfang
Published: May 2022

抽象的

粵東閩語揭陽方言的「著[tioʔ5]」具有多種功能，可以做動詞、情態動詞、動相補語（唯補詞）、準結果補語標記、主觀大量標記和主觀小量標記。本文詳細描寫「著」的各種功能，並構擬其語法化路徑。另外，「著」的多功能模式有向周邊客家方言輻射的趨勢，表現為「同源的複製」和「不同源的複製」。本文通過對多個方言點的調查和比較，推測「半山客」方言中「著」的情態動詞用法和「到/倒」的主觀小量標記用法可能是由於與潮汕方言的接觸而產生的。
古漢語言說動詞「道」的語法化和詞彙化
Authors: Kuo Wei-Ju
Published: May 2022

抽象的

本文從歷時觀點完整梳理言說動詞「道」在漢語史中的語法化和詞彙化，就具體詞例一一探討「X道」的生成途徑。由於詞義的抽象化，表認知義的「道」在「V道」格式中快速地語法化，並且開始有了複合詞「X道」的產生，這兩種演化路線共同交織出「道」的近代發展史。相較於漢語其他言說動詞的虛化演變，「道」的詞彙化可謂特別發達。當「道」一路語法化為附著詞屬性的標補詞，期間陸續有「V道」詞彙化的例子增生；而連詞、副詞與「道」複合成「X道」的詞例越多，就越容易重新分析出「道」這個構詞成分。漢語受孤立語類型特徵的限制，雖沒有典型的屈折形態語素，但不完全形態化的語素應是有的，依附於詞或短語的「道」即是一個顯明的例證。
Inhibition of FGF receptor blocks adaptive resistance to RET inhibition in CCDC6-RET–rearranged thyroid cancer
Authors: Raman Renuka , Villefranc Jacques A. , Ullmann Timothy M. , Thiesmeyer Jessica , Anelli Viviana , Yao Jun , Hurley James R. , Pauli Chantal , Bareja Rohan , Wha Eng Kenneth , Dorsaint Princesca , Wilkes David C. , Beg Shaham , Kudman Sarah , Shaw Reid , Churchill Michael , Ahmed Adnan , Keefer Laurel , Misner Ian , Nichol Donna , Gumpeni Naveen , Scognamiglio Theresa , Rubin Mark A. , Grandori Carla , Solomon James Patrick , Song Wei , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Dephoure Noah , Sboner Andrea , Elemento Olivier , Houvras Yariv
Published: May 2022

Genetic alterations in RET lead to activation of ERK and AKT signaling and are associated with hereditary and sporadic thyroid cancer and lung cancer. Highly selective RET inhibitors have recently entered clinical use after demonstrating efficacy in treating patients with diverse tumor types harboring RET gene rearrangements or activating mutations. In order to understand resistance mechanisms arising after treatment with RET inhibitors, we performed a comprehensive molecular and genomic analysis of a patient with RET-rearranged thyroid cancer. Using a combination of drug screening and proteomic and biochemical profiling, we identified an adaptive resistance to RET inhibitors that reactivates ERK signaling within hours of drug exposure. We found that activation of FGFR signaling is a mechanism of adaptive resistance to RET inhibitors that activates ERK signaling. Combined inhibition of FGFR and RET prevented the development of adaptive resistance to RET inhibitors, reduced cell viability, and decreased tumor growth in cellular and animal models of CCDC6-RET–rearranged thyroid cancer.
High performance solar-blind ultraviolet photodetector based on ITO/β-Ga2O3 heterostructure
Authors: Zhang Yingqiu , Wang Yuefei , Fu Rongpeng , Ma Jiangang , Xu Haiyang , Li Bingsheng , Liu Yichun
Published: May 2022

The authors report an indium tin oxide (ITO) decorated solar-blind deep ultraviolet photodetectors (PDs) based on high quality β-Ga2O3 single crystal microwires (MWs). An ultrahigh photo-to-dark current (I
photo/I
dark) ratio ∼107 of the PDs has been realized. Compared with In/β-Ga2O3/In metal-semiconductor-mental (MSM) PD, the device with ITO as the interlayers between In and β-Ga2O3 show excellent performances, such as the high responsivity of 1720.2 A W−1 and 438.8 A W−1 under 260 nm illumination with reverse and forward bias, respectively. In addition, the device exhibited a very low dark current as low as 2.0 × 10−13 A and a photocurrent up to 1.0 × 10−6 A at the bias of −6 V (under 1.95 mW cm−1@260 nm). The rise and fall time of the device were 0.5 s and 0.2 s, which was significantly faster than MSM structure. Moreover, the device exhibited an ultrahigh solar-blind/visible rejection ratio (R
260 nm/R
400 nm) of 1.09 × 105, a detectivity D* of 1.23 × 1014 Jones and the external quantum efficiency of 4180.3%. The excellent performances of the PDs are attributed to the improved carrier separating process at the ITO/β-Ga2O3 interfaces and the reduced carrier trapping behavior induced by the β-Ga2O3 surface states. The introduction of ITO between MWs and the electrodes is of great significance for the application of β-Ga2O3 based detectors.
Reply to Comment on ‘A novel transfer learning bearing fault diagnosis method based on multiple-source domain adaptation’
Authors: Zhao Jing , Yang Shaopu , Li Qiang , Liu Yongqiang , Wang Jiujian
Published: May 2022

Fault diagnosis methods based on a data-driven approach have achieved considerable attention in recent years. It is assumed that there are enough supervised data to set a responsible model during training, which is contrary to engineering. The machine normally runs most of the time and rarely runs in a faulty state. It is challenging to collect data from different working conditions. To address this, a transfer learning fault diagnosis method based on multiple-source domain adaptation is proposed in this article. A multiple-domain-adaptation learning strategy is adopted to decrease the distribution discrepancy between source and target domains. The maximum mean discrepancy and joint maximum mean discrepancy are applied in the fully connected layer to align the distribution and reduce the feature and label space discrepancy, and the discrepancy loss function is used to decrease the difference between diverse classifiers. Also, the learning process of the convolutional neural networks model and the effects of different loss functions are presented. Finally, two different bearing experiment datasets are introduced to show the performance of the proposed approach.
Pristine carbon nanotubes are efficient absorbers at radio frequencies
Authors: Rommelfanger Nicholas J , Brinson Kenneth , Bailey John E , Bancroft Analiese M , Ou Zihao , Hong Guosong
Published: May 2022

Radio frequency ablation and microwave hyperthermia are powerful tools for destroying dysfunctional biological tissues. However, wireless application of these techniques is hindered by their inability to focus the electromagnetic energy to small targets. The use of locally injected radio frequency- or microwave-absorbing nanomaterials can help to overcome this challenge by confining heat production to the injected region. Previous theoretical work suggests that high-aspect-ratio conducting nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, offer powerful radio frequency and microwave absorption. While carbon nanotubes have been demonstrated as radiothermal agents, common solubilization methods may reduce their absorption efficiency, yielding undesirable nonspecific heating in the biological tissue background. In this manuscript, we hypothesize that pristine carbon nanotubes can act as efficient absorbers at radio frequencies, thus providing differential heating over the tissue background. Specifically, we use a sonication-free preparation technique to preserve both the high aspect ratio and local concentration of pristine carbon nanotubes. We validate the differential heating of these samples by 4.5-fold at 2 GHz compared to the heating of saline at a physiological concentration using infrared thermography. In addition, we successfully achieved local heating of pristine carbon nanotubes within a three-dimensional biological tissue phantom. Numerical simulations further aid in producing a temperature map within the phantom and confirming localized heating. Due to their significant differential and local heating, we believe that pristine carbon nanotubes may facilitate region-specific radio frequency ablation and microwave hyperthermia while keeping nonspecific heating to a low level in the normal tissue background.
Role of defects in the mechanical properties of graphene-copper heterostructures
Authors: Felix T T , Chávez-Castillo M R , Meza-Montes L
Published: May 2022

Through molecular dynamics simulations of tensile tests, the role that vacancies and Stone–Wales defects play in the mechanical properties of sandwich-like heterostructures, composed by graphene and two symmetric copper layers at nanoscale, is studied. The dependence on the armchair and zigzag chiralities of the graphene layer is also investigated. During elastic deformation, defects negatively affect the mechanical response. However, defective systems can show an improvement of the plastic properties. Vacancies have a stronger impact compared to Stone–Wales defects. Elasticity, toughness, and ductility are enhanced along the zigzag chirality, while stiffness is improved along the armchair direction. The Poisson’s ratio was calculated for all graphene-copper heterostructures. At a critical strain it becomes negative along the thickness direction, preserving the auxetic property at higher strains. In general, the behavior is governed by the graphene response. Our findings can be useful to understand the strengthening mechanism induced by this two-dimensional material in metals like copper and for the design of similar systems.
Analytical model of the readout power and SQUID hysteresis parameter dependence of the resonator characteristics of microwave SQUID multiplexers
Authors: Wegner M , Enss C , Kempf S
Published: May 2022

We report on the development of an analytical model describing the readout power and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) hysteresis parameter dependence of the resonator characteristics used for frequency encoding in microwave SQUID multiplexers. Within the context of this model, we derived the different dependencies by analyzing the Fourier components of the non-linear response of the non-hysteretic rf-SQUID. We show that our model contains the existing model as a limiting case, leading to identical analytical expressions for small readout powers. Considering the approximations we made, our model is valid for rf-SQUID hysteresis parameters

β

L

<
0.6

which fully covers the parameter range of existing multiplexer devices. We conclude our work with an experimental verification of the model. In particular, we demonstrate a very good agreement between measured multiplexer characteristics and predictions based on our model.
Exploring terra incognita in the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter—experiments at FAIR and NICA
Authors: Senger P
Published: May 2022

The fundamental properties of dense nuclear matter, as it exists in the core of massive stellar objects, are still largely unknown. The investigation of the high-density equation of state (EOS), which determines mass and radii of neutron stars and the dynamics of neutron star mergers, is in the focus of astronomical observations and of laboratory experiments with heavy-ion collisions. Moreover, the microscopic degrees-of-freedom of strongly interacting matter at high baryon densities are also unknown. While Quantum-Chromo-Dynamics (QCD) calculations on the lattice find a smooth chiral crossover between hadronic matter and the quark-gluon plasma for high temperatures at zero baryon chemical potential, effective models predict a 1st order chiral transition with a critical endpoint for matter at large baryon chemical potentials. Up to date, experimental data both on the high-density EOS and on a possible phase transition in dense baryonic matter are very scarce. In order to explore this terra incognita, dedicated experimental programs are planned at future heavy-ion research centres: the CBM experiment at FAIR, and the MPD and BM@N experiments at NICA. The research programs and the layout of these experiments will be presented. The future results of these laboratory experiments will complement astronomical observations concerning the EOS, and, in addition, will shed light on the microscopic degrees of freedom of QCD matter at neutron star core densities.
A comprehensive study of large negative dispersion and highly nonlinear perforated core PCF: theoretical insight
Authors: Singh Shivam , Upadhyay Anurag , Sharma Divya , Taya Sofyan A
Published: May 2022

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) containing circularly organized square-shaped air holes in the cladding region is investigated. The fiber core is perforated with four circular air-filled holes to instate high nonlinearity and large negative dispersion. The numerical analysis is done with a finite element method based COMSOL Multiphysics tool to investigate different optical properties of the propounded PCF. The simulation outcome verifies a high nonlinear coefficient value of 85 W−1 Km−1 at telecommunication window 1.55 μm which is, the highest ever achieved value on comparing with the other existing literature without using any nonlinear materials or liquids to the best of the authors’ knowledge. In parallel, the large negative value of dispersion −597 ps nm−1 km−1 is achieved for S/Λ equals 0.70 at the same communication window. However, the highest achieved nonlinearity and negative dispersion are 300 W−1 Km−1 and −1689 ps/nm/km. Moreover, birefringence, numerical aperture, and propagation loss are also measured as 2.40 × 10−3, 0.59, and 4.12 × 10−11 dB m−1 respectively along with an extremely high core power fraction of 99.98%. Hence, the propounded PCF is suitable for residual dispersion compensation, supercontinuum generation, and high bitrate transmission.
Tailoring of the electrochemical stability and dielectric behaviour of inorganic matrix-based ionogels
Authors: Gupta Sarvesh Kumar , Gupta Abhishek Kumar , Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Badatya Simadri , Gupta Manoj Kumar
Published: May 2022

Silicon dioxide (SiO2), lithium salt (lithium perchlorate, LiClO4), ionic liquid (IL; 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [EMIMTFSI]), and succinonitrile (SCN)- based ionogels (IGs) are synthesized using cost-effective non-hydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG) method. The electrochemical stability and electrical properties are associated with their molecular structures. The electrochemical stability of the IGs (I1, I2, and I3) was studied using the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) & lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) methods. AC impedance spectroscopy was used to illustrate the electronic properties of the prepared IGs. The dielectric characteristics of the synthesized IGs were studied at various temperatures and frequencies. The dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss or dissipation factor (ε″), tangent loss (tanδ), electric modulus (M′ and M″), and AC conductivity (σ
ac) of SiO2/IL based IGs (I1, I2, and I3) were investigated.
The operational foundations of PT-symmetric and quasi-Hermitian quantum theory
Authors: Alase Abhijeet , Karuvade Salini , Scandolo Carlo Maria
Published: May 2022

PT-symmetric quantum theory was originally proposed with the aim of extending standard quantum theory by relaxing the Hermiticity constraint on Hamiltonians. However, no such extension has been formulated that consistently describes states, transformations, measurements and composition, which is a requirement for any physical theory. We aim to answer the question of whether a consistent physical theory with PT-symmetric observables extends standard quantum theory. We answer this question within the framework of general probabilistic theories, which is the most general framework for physical theories. We construct the set of states of a system that result from imposing PT-symmetry on the set of observables, and show that the resulting theory allows only one trivial state. We next consider the constraint of quasi-Hermiticity on observables, which guarantees the unitarity of evolution under a Hamiltonian with unbroken PT-symmetry. We show that such a system is equivalent to a standard quantum system. Finally, we show that if all observables are quasi-Hermitian as well as PT-symmetric, then the system is equivalent to a real quantum system. Thus our results show that neither PT-symmetry nor quasi-Hermiticity constraints are sufficient to extend standard quantum theory consistently.
RCM approach to the CDE-tricyclic structure of nakiterpiosin
Authors: Matsuyuki Yoe , Fukaya Keisuke , Urabe Daisuke
Published: May 2022

A synthetic approach to the CDE-tricyclic structure of nakiterpiosin, a marine-derived antimitotic C-nor-D-homosteroid, is reported. The trans-disubstituted indanone was synthesized from a commercially available carboxylic acid in 9 steps, and the ring closing metathesis of the indanone constructed the trans-fused 5/6-membered ring system. The present approach enables the concise synthesis of the functionalized CDE-tricyclic structure, which will serve as a synthetic intermediate toward nakiterpiosin.
Evidence of Transmission and Circulation of Deltacron XD Recombinant Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Northwest France
Authors: Moisan Alice , Mastrovito Brice , De Oliveira Fabienne , Martel Mélanie , Hedin Hugues , Leoz Marie , Nesi Nicolas , Schaeffer Justine , Ar Gouilh Meriadeg , Plantier Jean-Christophe
Published: May 2022

In February 2022, samples collected in northwest France showed discordant molecular results. After virological and epidemiological investigations, 17 cases of Deltacron XD recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were confirmed by sequencing or suspected due to epidemiological links, showing evidence of an extended transmission event and circulation of this form, with low clinical severity.
Persistent methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Resetting the Clock for Optimal Management
Authors: Holland Thomas L , Bayer Arnold S , Fowler Vance G
Published: May 2022

A positive follow-up blood culture for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) while on seemingly appropriate therapy is a common and ominous development. However, the definition and management of persistent MRSA bacteremia is unstandardized. In this Opinion Paper, we identify the presence of bacteremia for > 1 calendar day as a “worry point” that should trigger an intensive diagnostic evaluation to identify metastatic infection sites. Next, we define the duration of MRSA bacteremia that likely constitutes antibiotic failure and outline a potential management algorithm for such patients. Finally, we propose pragmatic clinical trial designs to test treatment strategies for persistent MRSA bacteremia.