bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovations Under a Magnifying Glass of an Economist: What’s New?
Authors: Huseynov S.
Published: May 2022

Review of a book Breznitz, D. (2021). Innovation in real places: Strategies for prosperity in an unforgiving world. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197508114.001.0001
Thermal Comptonization in a Changing Corona in the Changing-look Active Galaxy NGC 1566
Authors: Tripathi Prakash , Dewangan Gulab Chand
Published: May 2022

We present broadband UV/X-ray spectral variability of the changing-look active galactic nucleus (AGN) NGC 1566, based on simultaneous near-ultraviolet and X-ray observations performed by the XMM-Newton, Swift, and NuSTAR satellites at five different epochs during the declining phase of the 2018 outburst. We found that the accretion disk, soft X-ray excess, and X-ray power-law components were extremely variable. Additionally, the X-ray power-law flux was correlated with both the soft excess plus disk and the pure disk fluxes. Our finding shows that at high-flux levels the soft X-ray excess and the disk emission both provided the seed photons for thermal Comptonization in the hot corona, whereas at low-flux levels, where the soft excess was absent, the pure disk emission alone provided the seed photons. The X-ray power-law photon index was only weakly variable (ΔΓhot ≤ 0.06), and it was not well correlated with the X-ray flux over the declining timescale. On the other hand, we found that the electron temperature of the corona increased from ∼22 to ∼200 keV with the decreasing numbers of seed photons from 2018 June to 2019 August. At the same time, the optical depth of the corona decreased from τ
hot ∼ 4 to ∼0.7, and the scattering fraction increased from ∼1% to ∼10%. These changes suggest structural changes in the hot corona, such as it was growing in size and becoming hotter with the decreasing accretion rate during the declining phase. The AGN is most likely evolving with a decreasing accretion rate toward a state similar to the low/hard state of black hole X-ray binaries.
Detection of a Broad 8 μm UIR Feature in the Mid-infrared Spectrum of WR 125 Observed with Subaru/COMICS
Authors: Endo Izumi , Lau Ryan M. , Sakon Itsuki , Onaka Takashi , Williams Peredur M. , Shenavrin Victor I.
Published: May 2022

We present the detection of a broad 8 μm feature in newly formed dust around the carbon-rich Wolf-Rayet (WC) binary WR 125 from N-band low-resolution (NL; R ∼ 250) spectroscopy between 7.3 and 13.6 μm and N-band (11.7 μm) and Q-band (18.8 μm) imaging with Subaru/COMICS in 2019 October. WR 125 is a colliding-wind binary (WC7 + O9) that exhibited renewed dust formation starting in 2018, ∼28 yr after its first dust formation episode had been observed. We also compare our infrared photometry with historical observations and revise the dust formation period of WR 125 to 28.1 yr. Archival infrared spectra of five dusty WC stars, WR 48a, WR 98a, WR 104, WR 112, and WR 118, obtained with Infrared Space Observatory/Short-Wavelength Spectrometer are reanalyzed and compared with the WR 125 spectrum to search for a similar feature. We analyze the dusty WC spectra using two different extinction curves to investigate the impact of interstellar extinction correction on the presence and/or properties of the 8 μm feature. All of the dusty WC spectra dereddened with the two different extinction curves show a broad feature around 8 μm (FWHM ∼ 1–2 μm). We suggest that these 8 μm features seen in the dusty WC spectra are related to the Class C unidentified infrared features.
Practical Stereophotoclinometry for Modeling Shape and Topography on Planetary Missions
Authors: Palmer Eric E. , Gaskell Robert , Daly Michael G. , Barnouin Olivier S. , Adam Coralie D. , Lauretta Dante S.
Published: May 2022

Stereophotoclinometry (SPC) is a technique to extract topographic information from images acquired by spacecraft. It combines stereophotogrammetry and photoclinometry to produce a product that has the accuracy of stereo with the resolution of photoclinometry without the restrictions common to both. We describe the implementation of this technique in the context of digital terrain model (DTM) generation for a small-body mission. We detail the process and the data used to generate SPC-derived DTMs at progressively increasing resolutions. The highest-quality DTMs are generated using four images optimized for topography, a 30° emission angle with the emission azimuth (spacecraft position) to the north, east, south, and west of the target, and one image optimized for albedo (a low incidence angle such that most of the image pixels’ digital numbers are based upon albedo rather than topography). We discuss implications for mission planning and how SPC-based DTM generation can support spacecraft navigation. As a case study, we share outcomes from the modeling performed for the OSIRIS-REx mission to asteroid Bennu.
Ground Testing of Digital Terrain Models to Prepare for OSIRIS-REx Autonomous Vision Navigation Using Natural Feature Tracking
Authors: Mario C. E. , Miller C. J. , Norman C. D. , Palmer E. E. , Weirich J. , Barnouin O. S. , Daly M. G. , Seabrook J. A. , Lorenz D. A. , Olds R. D. , Gaskell R. , Bos B. J. , Rizk B. , Lauretta D. S.
Published: May 2022

The OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer) spacecraft collected a sample from the asteroid Bennu in 2020. This achievement leveraged an autonomous optical navigation approach called Natural Feature Tracking (NFT). NFT provided spacecraft state updates by correlating asteroid surface features rendered from previously acquired terrain data with images taken by the onboard navigation camera. The success of NFT was the culmination of years of preparation and collaboration to ensure that feature data would meet navigation requirements. This paper presents the findings from ground testing performed prior to the spacecraft's arrival at Bennu, in which synthetic data were used to develop and validate the technical approach for building NFT features. Correlation sensitivity testing using synthetic models of Bennu enabled the team to characterize the terrain properties that worked well for feature correlation, the challenges posed by smoother terrain, and the impact of imaging conditions on correlation performance. The team found that models constructed from image data by means of stereophotoclinometry (SPC) worked better than those constructed from laser altimetry data, except when test image pixel sizes were more than a factor of 2 smaller than those of the images used for SPC, and when topography was underrepresented and resulted in incorrect shadows in rendered features. Degradation of laser altimetry data related to noise and spatial sampling also led to poor correlation performance. Albedo variation was found to be a key contributor to correlation performance; topographic data alone were insufficient for NFT.
Autonomous Navigation Performance Using Natural Feature Tracking during the OSIRIS-REx Touch-and-Go Sample Collection Event
Authors: Norman C. D. , Miller C. J. , Olds R. D. , Mario C. E. , Palmer E. E. , Barnouin O. S. , Daly M. G. , Weirich J. R. , Seabrook J. A. , Bennett C. A. , Rizk B. , Bos B. J. , Lauretta D. S.
Published: May 2022

When the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) spacecraft collected a sample of surface material from asteroid Bennu in 2020 October, it was the first time that an autonomous optical navigation system relying on natural terrain features had been used to guide a spacecraft to a planetary surface. This system, called Natural Feature Tracking (NFT), works by rendering features from digital terrain models and then correlating them with the terrain in real-time navigation images to estimate the spacecraft's position and velocity with respect to the asteroid. Here we describe how the OSIRIS-REx mission built the catalog of features for NFT and how those features performed during rehearsals for and execution of the Touch-and-Go (TAG) sample collection event. Feature performance (quality and accuracy of match) in the rendering and correlation process is the basis of the NFT measurement. All features scored well above the minimum correlation threshold thanks to the effort invested in selecting and modeling them. Residuals across the TAG trajectory were small, indicating that features in the catalog were defined consistently relative to each other. NFT delivered the spacecraft to within 1 m of the targeted location, with a difference of only 3.5 cm and 1.4 s from the predicted location and time of touch. This exceptional performance was crucial for spacecraft safety given Bennu's rough and hazardous terrain.
The Use of Digital Terrain Models for Natural Feature Tracking at Asteroid Bennu
Authors: Olds R. D. , Miller C. J. , Norman C. D. , Mario C. E. , Berry K. , Palmer E. , Barnouin O. S. , Daly M. G. , Weirich J. R. , Seabrook J. A. , Bennett C. A. , Lorenz D. , Rizk B. , Bos B. J. , Lauretta D. S.
Published: May 2022

The Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission rendezvoused with asteroid (101955) Bennu in 2018 with the primary objective of collecting a sample of regolith from the surface. As the first NASA asteroid sample return mission, OSIRIS-REx deployed several new technologies to achieve program objectives. Here we present an overview of Natural Feature Tracking (NFT), a system developed to autonomously guide the spacecraft to the desired sampling site using optical navigation and the natural terrain on the surface of Bennu. NFT utilized a series of image-based digital terrain models (DTMs) constructed by means of stereophotoclinometry to represent patches on the surface of the asteroid. These DTMs were used to generate synthetic renderings of the terrain and identify features for use in navigating to the sampling location. In addition, high-resolution models of the sampling site constructed from scanning lidar data were used for predicting the time and location of contact with the surface. These models went through a series of validation tests to ensure the performance of the NFT system. When the spacecraft executed the sampling trajectory in 2020 October, NFT enabled real-time guidance updates that delivered it safely to the desired sampling location while also providing critical hazard avoidance capabilities in the rocky Bennu environment.
Infection prevention and control awareness, attitudes, and practices among healthcare professionals in South India
Authors: Thazha Suhas K. , Cruz Jonas Preposi , Alquwez Nahed , Scaria Bibin , Rengan Sameesh S. , Almazan Joseph U.
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Infection is a key challenge in healthcare settings around the world. Healthcare professionals (HCPs), including medical laboratory technologists (MLTs) and nurses, are at risk of infection because they are in close contact with infected patients. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the awareness, attitude, and practices of Infection Prevention Control (IPC) among HCPs working in private tertiary hospitals in two states in South India.

Methodology: This quantitative study surveyed 571 HCPs in southern India. In September 2021, an online survey was used to collect data on the respondents’ demographic and IPC-related variables, as well as their awareness, attitudes, and practices of IPC.

Results: The survey revealed high level of awareness, positive attitudes, and good IPC practices. Among the IPC practices, “changing gloves between contacts with different patients” was the most often practiced and “washing hands after removal of gloves” was the least practiced. Being a nurse, being older, finishing a graduate program, attending a risk assessment training, having sufficient Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at work, and being aware of the safety guidelines were associated with better awareness. Being a nurse, being older, and holding a diploma were associated with more positive attitudes. Being MLT, attending risk assessment training, having sufficient PPE at work, and being aware of the safety guidelines were associated with better IPC practices.

Conclusions: Measures to sustain the high awareness, positive attitudes, and good IPC practices by dealing with the factors associated with these variables identified in this study must be planned and implemented.
The occurrence of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from patients of pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Iqbal Azhar , Shafique Muhammad , Zahoor Muhammad Asif , Muzammil Saima , Nawaz Zeeshan , Jabbar Abdul , Khurshid Mohsin , Hussain Riaz , Islam Md. Akhttarul , Almatroudi Ahmad , Allemailem Khaled Saleh , Rasool Muhammad Hidayat , Aslam Bilal
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The resource constraints make it difficult to diagnose and monitor the cases of MDR-TB. GeneXpert is a recognized tool used to diagnose the patients of pulmonary tuberculosis in clinical settings across the globe.

Methodology: The present one-year cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the occurrence of MDR-TB in patients with pulmonary TB. A total of 1000 patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis were included in this study. A random convenient sampling technique was done to collect the sputum samples (twice) from the patients. Samples were processed for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using conventional detection methods like the Ziehl Nelson staining method and fluorescent microscopy. Additionally, Cepheid GeneXpert was used for molecular detection of MDR-TB in smear-positive samples of pulmonary tuberculosis by amplifying the rifampicin resistance determining region (RRDR; rpoB gene). All the tests were performed in the biosafety level III lab of District Headquarters Hospital Nankana Sahib.

Results: It was observed that 103 (10.3%) individuals were diagnosed as positive for tuberculosis among 1000 patients. Among these 103 TB positive cases, there were 11 (10.7%) patients diagnosed with rifampicin resistance gene (RR-Gene) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Conclusions: Overall findings of the study showed that MDR-TB is prevalent in pulmonary TB patients and GeneXpert is the most sensitive technique for early diagnosis of the disease, which may be very helpful in the treatment and control of this public health menace in low and middle-income countries.
Factors associated with tuberculosis-diabetes mellitus type 2 binomial in rural population of Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Yague-Santiago Zaira Liz , Ramírez-Díaz María del Pilar , Velázquez- Ramírez Doireyner Daniel , Zenteno-Cuevas Roberto , Luna-Hernández Jorge Fernando
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing condition that hinders the treatment and control of tuberculosis (TB). Several factors promote this comorbidity showing variations according to characteristics of the population affected. The objective was to identify the factors associated with the comorbidity of TB-T2DM in a rural population of Oaxaca, Mexico.

Methodology: This was an unpaired case-control study. Descriptive statistics was performed for clinical and sociodemographic variables. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) to identify associated factors with TB-T2DM binomial.

Results: 126 controls (TB+ T2DM-) and 69 cases (TB+ T2DM+) were included. 43% were considered as indigenous population. Significant differences were found according to the groups. Treatment failure was higher in individuals with binomial (p = 0.015), as well as a higher bacillary load (two crosses) and presence of pulmonary TB (p ≤ 0.001). Association analysis showed that the risk factors of binomial were: female sex (OR = 2.47; 95% CI 1.24-4.92), age ≥ 45 years (OR = 2.90; 95% CI 1.42-5.92), body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR = 2.69; 95% CI 1.25-5.77) and presenting > 6 symptoms (OR = 2.71; 95% CI 1.19-6.14).

Conclusions: This is the first report of this comorbidity in a rural Mexican population. The results highlight the growing problem of TB-T2DM, and the need to address the issue from an integral and gender perspective. Furthermore, mandatory screening is necessary in patients with T2DM to improve early diagnosis of TB and T2DM. This would promote better management of both conditions.
Prevalence and risk factors for latent tuberculosis among diabetes patients in Taiwan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chang Anne , Wu Chung-Ze , Lin Jiunn-Diann , Lee Chun-Nin , Tsai Kun-Yuan , Wu Pin-Hao , Hsieh An-Tsz
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), leading to an approximate three-fold higher risk of developing active TB. However, epidemiological studies on the prevalence of latent TB infection (LTBI) in DM patients are lacking. In this study, we investigated the presence of LTBI and determined risk factors for LTBI in DM patients.

Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study at Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital in northern Taiwan. The study population comprised DM patients (aged 20-70 years) attending a metabolism outpatient clinic between February 2011 and February 2013, excluding patients who were suspected or confirmed to have active TB. Venous blood samples were drawn from patients to detect LTBI using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) method.

Results: We enrolled 1120 patients with DM. The QFT-GIT showed positive results for 241 people (21.5%) and negative results for 879 people (78.5%). The mean age at QFT-GIT positivity was 58.2 years, which was significantly dissimilar to the mean age at QFT-GIT negativity, which was 55.0 years (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that the trend of QFT-GIT positivity increased after the age of 50 years. Effective glycemic control did not differ significantly between QFT-GIT-positive and -negative patients. Moreover, men were predominant were predominant in both QFT-GIT-positive and -negative patients.

Conclusions: More than one-fifth of DM patients have LTBI. Among the DM patients, those older than 50 years may have a higher risk of LTBI. Moreover, effective glycemic control did not differ significantly in patients with LTBI.
The Co-occurrence of mcr-3 and fosA3 in IncP plasmid in ST131 Escherichia coli: A novel case
Authors: Hameed Muhammad Fazal , Chen Yanan , Bilal Hazrat , Khan Sabir , Ge Honghua , Xiaofang Chen , Gu Pengying
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes, especially mcr-3 combined with the fosfomycin resistance gene fosA3, are a grave health concern. Our study was designed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of the combination of mcr-3 and fosA3 in Anhui province, China.

Methodology: A total of 127 multi-drug-resistant (MDR) E. coli strains were assessed for antibiotic resistance/sensitivity to detect mcr-3 and fosA3 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. The genes of interest were conjugated using EC600, and replicon and sequence types (STs) were identified by PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Cluster similarity and genomic relatedness among the positive isolates were confirmed by Xbal PFGE.

Results: The processed E. coli isolates were highly resistant to the tested antibiotics; the prevalence of mcr-3 was 0.78% in the transferable IncP-type plasmid in ST131, whereas fosA3 prevalence was 38.58% among different transferable plasmids, including IncFIIK, IncFII and IncA/C, and in various STs including ST69, ST1193, ST12, ST46, ST57, ST1196, ST38, ST95, ST131, ST7584 and ST10184. Both were successfully transferred to EC600. The Xbal PFGE cluster exposed similarities among the STs.

Conclusions: Our results show that to control the spread of colistin and fosfomycin resistance genes in human pathogens, the ban on colistin must be continued in animal feeding farms not only in China but around the world; additionally, awareness platforms on the use of colistin must be implemented and strict policies in poultry and pig farms must be maintained. Furthermore, fosfomycin misuse by patients and overuse by physicians must be strictly managed to stop the spread of fosfomycin resistance.
Two new high Andean species of Liodessus diving beetles from Venezuela (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Bidessini)
Authors: Balke Michael , Bilton David T. , García Mauricio , Viloria Ángel L. , Villastrigo Adrián , Hendrich Lars
Published: May 2022

Two new species of the diving beetle genus Liodessus Guignot, 1939 are described from high mountain regions in Venezuela: Liodessus meridensissp. nov. from Laguna de Mucabají, Mérida and L. venezuelensissp. nov. from Laguna de Mucabají and below Pico Bolívar, Mérida. We delineate the species using morphological characters such as male genital structure and beetle size, shape and color. Mitochondrial cox1 sequence data provided an additional character source. Both new species occur at altitudes above 3,500 m and were collected in shallow water at the edge of high-altitude ponds.
Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany
Authors: Vasilyan Davit , Čerňanský Andrej , Szyndlar Zbigniew , Mörs Thomas
Published: May 2022

The present study describes a rich amphibian and reptilian assemblage from the early Miocene locality Echzell, Germany. It consists of one allocaudate, five salamander, five frog, one gecko, chamaeleonids, anguine lizards, one lacertid, one skink and five snake taxa. The entire herpetofauna of Echzell is represented by genera and/or families very broadly known from the early Miocene of Europe. Contrary to other early Miocene herpetofaunas, the Echzell assemblage includes surprisingly only one form of crocodile-newts (Chelotriton). The EchzellPalaeobatrachus robustusrepresents the youngest record of the species and extends its stratigraphic range to the late early Miocene. Regarding chameleons, the frontal is partly preserved, but represents the first described frontal of the extinct speciesChamaeleo andrusovi. The only anguine lizard that can be identified in the assemblage is represented by a new genus and speciesSmithosaurus echzellensis.Our phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered it as the sister taxon to either [Ophisauriscus quadrupes+Ophisaurus holeci] + [Anguis+Ophisaurus] (in the first analysis) or [Anguis+Ophisaurus] (in the second analysis). However, the results are based on limited fossil material – the parietal – and the support for the clade is very low. Thus, the interpretation of theSmithosaurusrelationship among anguines needs to be taken with caution and has to be tested in further studies. Among snakes,Natrix longivertebratarepresents the oldest record of the species and extends the stratigraphic range of this fossil snake back to the early Miocene. In addition, we provide here a broader comparison of the Echzell amphibian and reptilian assemblage with their European records for the MN3 and MN4 biostratigraphical units. Besides that, the entire herpetofauna of Echzell includes very broadly known early Miocene European forms. Remains of other groups of the same period such as Bufonidae, Hylidae, Pelodytidae, Amphisbaenia, Varanidae, Cordylidae,Pseudopus, are not found in the material available to us. We also conclude that the amphibian and reptilian fossil record across MN3–MN4 is significantly biased by taphonomic and/or environmental conditions. The amphibian and reptilian assemblage of Echzell is rich in forms living in humid and warm environments with forested areas, permanent water bodies and also some open habitats. The following climatic parameters can be reconstructed based on the herpetofauna: a mean annual temperature of 17.4–28.8 °C, minimal warm month temperature 18–28.3 °C, minimal cold month temperature 8–22.2 °C, and mean annual precipitation with a value of 791±254 mm.
Dynamics insights into aggregation of phospholipid species with cholesterol and vitamin C
Authors: Hudiyanti Dwi , Christa Sherllyn Meida , Mardhiyyah Nur Hanna , Anugrah Daru Seto Bagus , Widiarih Tatik , Siahaan Parsaoran
Published: May 2022

This paper provides dynamic insight into the aggregation profile of systems containing six different phospholipid species, cholesterol, and vitamin C thru Coarse-Grain Molecular Dynamics (CGMD) simulations. The simulation used 42 systems, and each system was composed of 220 molecules of each phospholipid species, a varied number of cholesterol molecules (0, 11, 22, 33, 66, 88), and 10 vitamin C molecules. The phospholipid species were DLPE, DOPE, DLiPE, DOPS, DLiPS, and DLiPC. We found curved bilayer, toroidal bilayer, concave micelle, disc-like bilayer, planar bilayer, and liposome structures in the systems during the 40 ns simulation. The systems with a ratio cholesterol:phospholipid between 15% and 40% formed liposomes regardless of the phospholipid species. Cholesterol is positioned in the liposome bilayer while vitamin C is encapsulated in the aqueous core of liposomes for all cholesterol compositions. The cholesterol influences the liposome formation of various phospholipid species and the encapsulation of vitamin C in the liposome structure.
HPLC-DAD assay of phenols profile in Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn
Authors: Basaraba Roksolana , Savych Alona , Marchyshyn Svitlana , Muzyka Nataliіa , Ilashchuk Pavlina
Published: May 2022

Antennaria dioica (Asteraceae family) – is a perennial herb, commonly found in dry grasslands and sandy or stony places from Eurasian areas. It is known in traditional medicine as antioxidant, diuretic, choleretic and anti-inflammatory remedy. This species should be reconsidered as possible sources of phenols, mainly flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids. Thus, the aim of this study was to validate a chromatographic method for detection of phenols and their identification in A. dioica herb. HPLC-DAD method was evaluated in terms of linearity, precision, repeatability, accuracy, LOD and LOQ. The calibration curves of thirteen reference substances were linear (R2 > 0.99) over the range of 5–400 µg/mL, the LODs and the LOQs were in the range of 0.1–0.3 µg/mL and 0.2–1.0 µg/mL, respectively. During HPLC-DAD assay two flavones – luteolin, apigenin; flavonol – quercetin and three its glycosides – rutin, hyperoside and isoquercitrin; coumarins: coumarin and umbelliferone; five hydroxycinnamic acids – chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric, trans-ferulic and rosmarinic were identified in A. dioica herb. This phytochemical study of A. dioica confirms that this plant material is a rich source of phenolic compounds.
The curious case of Charles Darwin’s frog, Rana charlesdarwini Das, 1998: Phylogenetic position and generic placement, with taxonomic insights on other minervaryan frogs (Dicroglossidae: Minervarya) in the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago
Authors: Garg Sonali , Chandrakasan Sivaperuman , Gokulakrishnan G. , Gopika C. , Das Indraneil , Biju S. D.
Published: May 2022

Since the description of Charles Darwin’s frog asRana charlesdarwiniin 1998, its generic placement has been a taxonomic enigma. Subsequent studies first transferred this species to the dicroglossid genusLimnonectes, and then considered it as a ceratobatrachid of the genusIngerana, which has since been moved to the family Dicroglossidae. However, recent works have doubted this generic placement and also suggested the possibility of its sister relationship with the genusLiurana, within Ceratobatrachidae. Nonetheless, there have been no detailed investigations to ascertain the generic placement of this taxon by confirming its phylogenetic position or using integrative taxonomic approaches. Here, we provide the first molecular assessment ofIngerana charlesdarwinibased on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and reveal that it is nested in the dicroglossid genusMinervarya. A member of theMinervarya andamanensisspecies group,Minervarya charlesdarwinicomb. nov.is sister taxon toM. andamanensisand shows relatively shallow genetic distances (2.8–3.6%) in the 16S gene. Both species are widely distributed, occur sympatrically, and exhibit high morphological variations, leading to long-standing confusions with other dicroglossid frogs reported from the region. Our combined morphological and molecular studies on dicroglossid frogs sampled across the known ranges of these species suggest that reports ofLimnonectes doriae(Boulenger, 1887) andL. hascheanus(Stoliczka, 1870) from the Andamans are misidentifications of the former two, pointing to the absence of genusLimnonectesfrom the Andaman Islands. Our study also reveals the novel record ofMinervarya agricolafrom the Andamans, a species that appears to have been confused withFejervarya limnocharisandMinervarya keralensisin the literature and misidentified museum specimens, and is found to be widely distributed across these islands. We further find another congener from the Nicobar group of Islands,M. nicobariensis, to be closely related toM. charlesdarwini. Similar to the case of Andaman dicroglossids, our work emphasises on the need for further studies to ascertain the taxonomic identities and generic placement ofMinervaryaandLimnonectesspecies reported from the Nicobars.
Ammonites and stratigraphy of the Achdorf Formation (Braunjura Group; Aalenian) at the Wochenberg hill near Schömberg-Schörzingen (W Swabian Alb, SW Germany)
Authors: Dietze Volker , Hofbauer Andreas , Rieber Hans , Wannenmacher Norbert , Schweigert Günter
Published: May 2022

In sections of the Achdorf Formation at the Wochenberg hill (western Swabian Alb, SW Germany), a succession of five ammonite biohorizons is distinguished (from bottom to top): the crassicostatum and viallii biohorizons of the Lower Aalenian (Bifidatum Subzone, Opalinum Zone) and the latiumbilicus, discoidea α and discoidea β biohorizons of the Upper Aalenian (Murchisonae Subzone, Murchisonae Zone). The herein newly introduced viallii biohorizon is the youngest hitherto identified biohorizon of the Opalinum Zone (Bifidatum Subzone). A lectotype is designated for Staufenia latiumbilicus (Quenstedt, 1886), the index ammonite of the latiumbilicus biohorizon. The succession of biohorizons of the Murchisonae Subzone reflects the evolution of the graphoceratid late Aalenian ammonite genera Staufenia and Ludwigia.
Impossible immunité et care : On the Beach de Nevil Shute
Authors: Ganteau Jean-Michel
Published: May 2022

On the Beach (1957) est l’un des nuclear novels britanniques les plus influents. Il présente une situation post-apocalyptique où les survivants d’une guerre atomique totale et mondiale, réfugiés en Australie, se préparent à vivre une apocalypse plus individuelle, dans la mesure où le nuage radioactif qui entraînera leur décès se rapproche inexorablement. Il s’agit donc d’un texte qui, loin de se concentrer sur la question de l’immunité – qui implique vaccin ou antidote – s’intéresse à celle de la toxicité radicale, à laquelle personne ne peut se soustraire. Il permet d’explorer les manifestations extrêmes de la vulnérabilité, en proposant un récit de la chute dans la vie nue, en une invitation à considérer le vivant comme soumis à diverses dépendances et interdépendances. En outre, contre les manifestations de la dénégation ou du déni, si fréquentes dans la fiction climatique, il propose une éthique de la sollicitude et de la considération. C’est donc le fil rouge du care , qui se fonde sur la responsabilité envers autrui et sur la pratique de l’attention à l’autre, qui traverse cet article, lequel envisage successivement les interdépendances, le rôle des émotions et l’attention à l’ordinaire au cœur des éthiques du care .
Quatre scénarios pour la transition écologique
Authors: Vidalenc Eric , Bergey Jean-Louis , Quiniou Valérie , Marchal David , Combet Emmanuel
Published: May 2022

Face à l’urgence climatique et au renforcement des ambitions européennes visant à atteindre la neutralité carbone, le calendrier de la transition écologique en France est désormais soumis à de fortes contraintes. Dans ce contexte, plusieurs exercices de prospective ont été entrepris ces dernières années, pour nourrir le débat et donner aux décideurs les éléments de réflexion nécessaires à la mise en œuvre d’une stratégie de transition compatible avec les objectifs de décarbonation du pays 2 . L’ADEME (Agence de la transition écologique), établissement public interministériel, qui coordonne depuis plus de 10 ans des réflexions prospectives sur la transition écologique française, a publié fin 2021 son dernier exercice sur le sujet : Transition(s) 2050 . Cet article rappelle le contexte et la méthodologie de cet exercice, fruit de deux ans de travaux et de concertation. Il présente les quatre scénarios types, cohérents et contrastés, proposés par l’ADEME pour conduire la France vers la neutralité carbone à l’horizon 2050 : « Génération frugale », « Coopérations territoriales », « Technologies vertes » et « Paris réparateur ». Imaginés pour la France métropolitaine, ces scénarios reposent sur les mêmes données macroéconomiques, démographiques et d’évolution climatique, mais ils empruntent des voies distinctes et correspondent à des choix de société très différents. Aux décideurs politiques désormais d’organiser le cheminement qui leur semble le plus pertinent et acceptable, en ayant en tête que chaque scénario constitue un tout cohérent (il ne s’agit pas de « picorer » dans les quatre), qu’outre l’échéance 2050, les étapes intermédiaires sont cruciales (notamment 2030), et qu’enfin, pour tenir ces étapes intermédiaires, les actions sur la demande (donc les modes de vie et consommation) sont incontournables. S.D .
Le gouvernement de l’Union européenne revisité : l’éclipse du « dirigisme communautaire »
Authors: Smith Andy
Published: May 2022

L’objectif de ce texte programmatique est d’inciter les recherches sur l’UE à aborder plus frontalement les changements dans la manière dont elle se gouverne depuis le milieu des années 1990. L’hypothèse défendue est la suivante : les effets combinés des orientations de politique économique adoptées après le Traité de Maastricht, puis au moment de l’élargissement à l’Est, ont largement amputé l’UE de son équipement politique dirigiste. Depuis, les fractions libérales de ses élites ont pu profiter du vide créé pour avancer leurs projets politiques, tandis que leurs adversaires principaux, faute d’avoir réinventé le dirigisme à l’échelle européenne, ne cessent de naviguer à vue.
Le semestre européen, un outil d’intégration ou de fragmentation ?
Authors: Massart Tom
Published: May 2022

L’Union économique et monétaire de l'Union européenne s’est dotée dès son origine d’une structure asymétrique se caractérisant par une supranationalisation des politiques monétaires et une coordination des politiques économiques. La crise de la Zone euro a mis en évidence les faiblesses de la gouvernance économique et a conduit à la création du Semestre européen. L’objectif de notre recherche fut d’examiner l’efficacité du Semestre européen comme outil de coordination sur la voie d’une plus grande intégration des politiques économiques. Ce « chantier de recherche » commence par une présentation du contexte ainsi que du socle théorique dans lequel s’insère notre travail. Ensuite, nous exposons les hypothèses, la méthode et les résultats préliminaires obtenus avant de présenter brièvement nos perspectives actuelles de recherche.
Mobiliser l’Union européenne dans la conduite de l’action publique nationale : le cas des usages de la soft law par les groupes d’intérêt
Authors: Mespoulet Romain
Published: May 2022

Cette recherche s’intéresse à la soft law européenne et à la manière dont elle est utilisée par les groupes d’intérêt. À l’échelle européenne, la soft law est en augmentation dans de nombreux secteurs et s’inscrit parmi les instruments mobilisables par les groupes d’intérêt. Notre réflexion s’articule autour du questionnement suivant : comment la soft law européenne impacte-t-elle les stratégies des groupes d’intérêt à l’échelle nationale ? En font-ils des usages spécifiques dans la conduite de l’action publique, comment et sous quelles conditions ? Dans une première section, cet article revient sur l’évolution de l’environnement institutionnel des groupes d’intérêt et le contexte européen à plusieurs niveaux dans lequel ils évoluent. Nous traiterons ensuite la question des usages des instruments juridiques, plus précisément des normes de soft law , par les groupes d’intérêt. Nous poserons enfin le cadre de la comparaison ainsi que notre protocole d’enquête.
Les freins à l’adoption des services mobiles bancaires par le consommateur camerounais : une application du modèle d’acceptation de la technologie (MAT)
Authors: Ndangwa Lucien
Published: May 2022

La présente étude s’intéresse à l’impact des barrières à l’adoption des services bancaires mobiles sur le comportement des clients. Un modèle conceptuel inspiré du modèle MAT intégrant les barrières fonctionnelles et psychologiques ont été élaboré. L’étude empirique portant sur un échantillon de 368 clients particuliers des banques camerounaises non utilisateurs de services bancaires mobiles montre d’une part que les barrières valeur, risque et tradition exercent un effet négatif significatif sur l’utilité perçue des services bancaires mobiles, et que la facilité d’utilisation perçue subit l’influence négative et significative de la barrière image. D’autre part, l’utilité perçue influence de façon positive et significative directement et indirectement l’intention d’adoption alors que la facilité d’utilisation perçue influence positivement et de façon directe l’utilité perçue et l’attitude face aux services bancaires. Les recommandations et implications stratégiques en sont dégagées.
Du reporting de la performance globale à la stratégie de reporting ESG : pratiques des entreprises faisant appel public à l’épargne au Maroc
Authors: Cherkaoui Adil , Cherkaoui Zainab
Published: May 2022

Notre dernière décennie a été marquée par une évolution considérable en matière de publication des rapports extra financiers. En effet, les entreprises ont pris conscience que ces informations relevaient d’un instrument de communication au service de celles qui souhaitent se montrer responsables dans un contexte marqué par la prise de conscience du développement durable. Toutefois, les entreprises subissent d’une part des pressions réglementaires de plus en plus fortes et d’autre part, une pression morale de la part de leurs parties prenantes. Cette situation pousse les entreprises à annoncer une attitude responsable et communiquent par le biais de différents documents extra financiers. Notre article vise à appréhender la réceptivité de la communication extra financière, en mettant le focus sur l’état des lieux des pratiques de communication extra-financière déployée pour la promouvoir à travers une étude exploratoire du contexte marocain en tenant compte de la perception des acteurs financiers de ces pratiques.
Bande dessinée et histoire
Authors: Lesage Sylvain
Published: May 2022

Prolongeant les efforts généalogiques entrepris dès les années 1960 par les bédéphiles, l’histoire s’est imposée au cœur des savoirs sur la bande dessinée. Après plusieurs générations de travaux menés par des amateurs, la bande dessinée est devenue un objet historique académique. Cet article retrace l’émergence des approches historiennes, en pointant les apports et les limites de l’héritage bédéphilique. De la bande dessinée comme témoignage sur des imaginaires historiques aux écritures visuelles de l’histoire, cet article restitue courants et tendances qui ont structuré les recherches sur la BD. Il présente quelques-uns des fonds d’archives qui permettent d’écrire une histoire culturelle des narrations graphiques, de ses modes de production, de transmission et de réception.
Bande dessinée québécoise : historiographie d’un champ sous double influence
Authors: Rannou Maël
Published: May 2022

Cet article revient en détail sur les différents faux départs de la bande dessinée québécoise (BDQ), qui existe dès le début du xx e  siècle, mais ne se conceptualise en tant que telle que dès la fin des années 1960. À partir de cette période, plusieurs mouvements, expérimentations et revues naissent dans la province en affirmant une BDQ (ou « kébécoise ») autonome de ses influences états-uniennes et franco-belges. Ce discours, porté par les auteurs et repris à bas bruit par les médias généralistes, accompagne de multiples créations qui apparaissent comme autant de naissances affichées, semblant ignorer ce qui a pu exister quelques années auparavant. Une situation qui crée un effet contradictoire, entre bouillonnement créatif reconnu et échecs commerciaux quasi constants. L’évolution de la BDQ s’inscrit dans un contexte général d’affirmation identitaire au Québec, particulièrement présent dans les années 1970. Il va permettre une certaine visibilité de la BDQ sur plusieurs années, avec notamment la parution du premier ouvrage dédié à ce sujet en 1975. L’étude approfondie d’un corpus de textes critiques et discours médiatiques de la période montre cependant que la BDQ ne s’affirme pas d’emblée et connaît son lot d’annonces, d’échec et de retours. Il faudra finalement dépasser un discours strictement identitaire pour que l’écosystème créé à ce moment débouche sur un premier succès structurant pour la profession, avec la revue Croc lancée en 1979, après de multiples annonces de (re)naissance.
Construire une culture commune
Authors: Kohn Jessica
Published: May 2022

Cet article s’attache à comprendre comment, après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la bande dessinée franco-belge contribue à une forme d’éducation populaire en transmettant la culture scolaire. Ceci est particulièrement visible dans la multiplication des récits historiques au sein des illustrés pour la jeunesse. Loin d’être des récits purement didactiques, ces histoires illustrées vont jusqu’à détourner avec humour la culture commune, et construisent ainsi un nouveau rapport collectif au savoir.
Enjeux idéologiques dans la patrimonialisation de l’œuvre d’Alain Saint-Ogan
Authors: McKinney Mark
Published: May 2022

Alain Saint-Ogan (1895-1974) est considéré comme l’un des pères fondateurs de la bande dessinée française, ayant contribué à la propagation de la bulle dans la bande dessinée en France et influencé Hergé, qu’il rencontra en 1931. Son œuvre a été patrimonialisée de diverses manières : par la nomination de Saint-Ogan comme président du premier Salon international de la bande dessinée d’Angoulême en 1974, par la réédition chez Futuropolis (1986-1992) et chez Glénat (1995-2001) de Zig et Puce (1925-1959), sa série phare, et par le choix de son personnage Alfred comme emblème d’une série de conférences au Collège de France en l’honneur de l’année de la bande dessinée, en 2020. Cependant, son œuvre est profondément structurée par l’antisémitisme et le racisme colonial. La patrimonialisation institutionnelle a complètement ignoré ces deux composantes de son œuvre, tandis que les études universitaires et spécialistes les ont minorées ou écartées, sauf exception. Cet essai relève les traces de ces deux aspects de la production de Saint-Ogan, et plaide pour une patrimonialisation et des recherches scientifiques plus inclusives et critiques qui les prendraient en compte de manière sérieuse et soutenue.
De la stigmatisation à l’affirmation de soi
Authors: Foucher Zarmanian Charlotte
Published: May 2022

Dans son article fondateur « Pourquoi n’y a-t-il pas eu de grands artistes femmes ? » paru dans ARTnews en 1971, l’historienne de l’art Linda Nochlin note que « [l]e choix offert aux femmes se pose semble-t-il toujours entre le mariage et une carrière – entre la solitude qui est la rançon du succès ou la sexualité et une compagnie qui récompensent le renoncement de la carrière ». Partant de ce dilemme entre création et procréation, vie privée et vie publique, convention sociale et désir d’émancipation avec lesquels les femmes artistes doivent constamment négocier, cet article analyse les discours et représentations du célibat des créatrices autour de 1900. Représentant à cette époque un groupe suffisamment visible et important pour menacer l’ordre établi des genres, les femmes artistes font communément les frais, dans les discours et les représentations (scientifiques, populaires, littéraires), de propos assimilant leur choix de vie – lorsqu’il ne répond pas à l’idéal conjugal et reproductif – à une forme de non-convenance, de malaise affectif ou encore de déviance pathologique. Cependant, face à cette stigmatisation dominante, nous verrons que les représentations évoluent lentement mais surement. Elles trouvent notamment un point d’aboutissement chez les femmes elles-mêmes qui réussissent à récuser le discours dominant en assumant pleinement leurs choix dans l’espace public.
Emprise et empreinte de l’agrobusiness
Authors: Delcourt Laurent
Published: May 2022

Principales bénéficiaires de la globalisation et architectes d’un système taillé à leur mesure, les firmes de l’agrobusiness poursuivent leurs stratégies de concentration et d’expansion. Avec l’aval ou l’appui des États et des organismes internationaux, elles cherchent à imposer leur modèle de développement socialement excluant et écologiquement destructeur, au risque de mettre davantage à mal la sécurité alimentaire des pays du Sud.
Emprise et empreinte de l’agrobusiness
Authors: Da Vià Elisa , Carlier Marielle
Published: May 2022

Les agences de financement du développement ont activement contribué au processus d’accaparement des terres. En imposant une grille de lecture productiviste de la crise alimentaire. En présentant sous un jour outrancièrement favorable l’intégration des paysans aux filières agro-industrielles. En développant une kyrielle d’instruments administratifs, législatifs et financiers visant à faciliter les investissements fonciers.
Emprise et empreinte de l’agrobusiness
Authors: Hurtado Laura , Sanchez Geisselle , Hecquet Ignace
Published: May 2022

Les politiques en faveur des agrocarburants font fi de l’évidence au Guatemala. Elles participent à l’accaparement - légal ou non - de la terre par de grandes entreprises nationales ou internationales, et précarisent ainsi les populations paysannes locales, en exacerbant leur vulnérabilité alimentaire. L’emploi offert par cette agro-industrie n’obéit pas aux normes sociales minimales et ne suffit pas à nourrir une famille.
Emprise et empreinte de l’agrobusiness
Authors: Simão Camacho Rodrigo , Pirlet Christian
Published: May 2022

Il existe au Brésil deux modèles agricoles antagoniques : celui, dominant, de l’agrobusiness et celui de l’agriculture paysanne. L’agrobusiness peut être qualifié de « barbarie moderne », en ce qu’il mêle des aspects modernistes – en termes de productivité et de technologies – à des dimensions héritées du modèle colonial des plantations, dont il poursuit et reproduit la logique prédatrice et destructrice.
Emprise et empreinte de l’agrobusiness
Authors: Ghosh Jayati , Urbain Magali
Published: May 2022

Les poids lourds de la « grande distribution » alimentaire se répandent dans les pays du Sud, en quête de marchés non saturés. Leurs prétendus atouts : efficacité, emplois, prix et choix. À l’analyse toutefois, le bilan est négatif. La concentration du secteur se traduit en abus de pouvoir. Les emplois déplacés ne sont pas remplacés, les petits agriculteurs évincés ou assujettis, les produits de moins bonne qualité et les bénéfices confisqués.
Alerte ! Soignants…
Authors: Pallas Cassandre
Published: May 2022

Le texte de loi n° 2021-1040 du 5 août 2021, relatif à la gestion de la crise sanitaire, instaure l’obligation vaccinale Covid-19 des professionnels qui travaillent dans les secteurs sanitaire, social et médico-social ainsi que le pass sanitaire indispensable pour avoir accès à certains lieux. Quelles conséquences ces restrictions peuvent-elles avoir sur des structures déjà affaiblies par l’épidémie ainsi que par les politiques d’austérité pratiquées depuis déjà plusieurs décennies ? Quelles répercussions subjectives peuvent-elles engendrer sur ces « soignants » ? Quel enseignement politique pourrait-on tirer de cette précipitation ?