bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Assessment of Medium and Large-Scale Landfill Mining Business: Case Study Thailand
Authors: Muttaraid Anupong , Towprayoon Sirintornthep , Chiemchaisri Chart , Silalertruksa Thapat , Wangyao Komsilp
Published: September 2023

Thailand produces over 25 million tons of waste yearly, while only a third is utilized. The waste disposed of in the landfill is rarely utilized, and research on the utilization of landfill waste in Thailand is limited. The information regarding the business model and the profitability rate of landfill mining is limited and generally was not displayed to the public. This paper examined the landfill mining business of medium and large-scale businesses in Thailand. Both sites’ business operations were analyzed, and the net present value was presented. The NPV results show that landfill mining is profitable and gives more sustainable waste management. The large scale is highly profitable but requires more investment extensively, while the medium scale is easily adopted and still provides a reasonable profit. Furthermore, to understand the business operation and sensitivity of the operation, this paper uses sensitivity analysis to analyze the factors influencing business profitability. Even though the result displays that both projects are easily profitable, the large-scale operation tends to be simpler as the expense has a lower influence on the business.
Cider Production from King Mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour.) and Its Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Thien Vo Hao , Ngoc Thi Bui Bich , Minh Luu Chau , Ngoc Nguyen Thanh , Dang Hoang Bui Long , Yen Thi Tran Nhi , Tan Dao Phat , Xuan Huynh Phong
Published: September 2023

With the necessity of diversifying alcoholic beverages, cider has become a kind of drink that can fulfill this demand. This is because the cider will be diversified depending on the kinds of fruit that are chosen to be used for the cider fermentation. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of dilution ratio, Brix, pH, and yeast concentration on the production of cider from king mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour.), and to evaluate the analytical characteristics and antioxidant activity of the product. After the investigation, it can be claimed that the dilution of the juice causes the ethanol content to decrease, whereas the increase of Brix, pH, and yeast concentration makes the ethanol content increase. However, the proportional increase in the ethanol content with Brix, pH, and yeast concentration has its limitations. Specifically, when the Brix and the yeast concentrations were, respectively, higher than 16°Brix and 0.04%, the ethanol content tended to maintain the same. This is also the same when the pH was lower than 4.5. In addition, by using the DPPH and ABTS●+ methods, the antioxidant activity of cider is estimated to be lower than the one of the juice before fermentation, which is smaller than 3.78 times for the DPPH method and 3.76 times for the ABTS●+ method.
Management of the Artificial Heart Driver: A New Role for the Perfusionist?
Authors: Smith Douglas L. , Hastings Wm. Lawrence , Joyce Lyle D. , DeVries William C.
Published: September 2023

The recent success of the first permanent total artificial heart implant has brought to light a possible new role for the perfusionist. The specialized skills necessary to monitor hemodynamic parameters of the drive system for the artificial heart are currently held by a few people with extensive research experience. The skills of an experienced perfusionist are similar to those needed to monitor and operate the drive system. This paper examines the requirements for operating the drive system and the suitability of a perfusionist’s training for performing this function.
Ventilation Technique for CPB Patients Less Than 10 Kilograms Employing a 1.6 m2 Hollow Fiber Membrane
Authors: Justison G.A. , Wagner G.P. , Riley J.B.
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to document the
performance of a 1.6 m2 hollow fiber membrane blood oxygenator (HFMO) in a specific ventilation technique for a patient population averaging 6 kilograms and .34m2 BSA.

Continuous monitoring was utilized to maintain actual Pa02 about 200 mmHg and Pv02 above 35 mmHg. HFMO expired gas pC02 was monitored to select the optimal 0 2/room air sweep rate to maintain actual PaC02 between 35 and 40 mmHg. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) blood flow was initiated at 160 ml/min/kg and decreased to 100 ml/min/kg at 20°C. During warming, blood flow was increased to 175 ml/min/kg at 38°C. The hematocrit averaged 18% during cooling, low blood flow and/or exsanguination. Transfusion raised the average hematocrit to 29% at 38°C. HFMO average control parameters were:

VO2
FiO2
VCO2
Sweep Ratio
Temperature

Cooling
97.
62
44.
35.
34°C

19.
33
4.
.10
20°C

Warming
65.
48
300.
1.2
20°C

170.
75
105.
.63
38°C

ml/min/M2
%
ml/min/M2
Gas: Blood Flow

The Terumo HFMO integral heat exchanger cooled these patients at an average rate of .16°C/min/kg, warming with a safe gradient yielded an average rate of .09°C/min/kg.

The 1.6 m2 HFMO provides more than adequate heat, oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer for this patient population.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass for A Patient with Systemic Mastocytosis
Authors: Trubov Nickolas , Kelly Patrick , Clark Peggy J. , Miranda Rodrigo , Akl Bechara F.
Published: September 2023

A patient with systemic mastocytosis was seen in our practice for coronary revascularization. Systemic mastocytosis is a disease characterized by proliferation of mast cells which, under stress, are likely to release vasoactive substances. Coronary artery bypass grafting, utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass with moderate hypothermia, resulted in no clinical problems attributable to this rare pathology. Steps to lessen or eliminate stresses likely to precipitate problems associated with histamine release are discussed.
Differences in Cerebral Blood Flow with Pulsatile and Nonpulsatile Flow in Normal and Ischemic Brain
Authors: Tornabene Susan P. , Tyndal Charles M. , Keller Carol , Gross Cordell E. , Tranmer Bruce I.
Published: September 2023

The effect of pulsatile versus non pulsatile perfusion on regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was tested in a canine model with and without focal ischemia. Nine dogs were placed on total cardiopulmonary bypass with a flow rate of 100 cc/kg/min. at normothermia. Control cerebral blood flow measurements were made in both cerebral hemispheres using the hydrogen clearance technique during pulsatile and nonpulsatile perfusion. The cerebral blood flow measurements were repeated after lateralized ischemia was induced by occluding one middle cerebral artery and the ipsilateral carotid artery. Ischemia was confirmed by cerebral blood flow measurements and electroencephalograph changes in these anesthetized animals.

In non-ischemic brain, pulsatile perfusion increased cerebral blood flow 19% over that measured during nonpulsatile perfusion. The reduced flow seen with nonpulsatile perfusion never fell into ischemic ranges (i.e., below 25 cc/100 g/min.) in normal brain tissue. However, in brain rendered ischemic by occlusion of conductance vessels, pulsatile perfusion increased cerebral blood flow 55% over nonpulsatile perfusion, presumably by recruiting collaterals more effectively.

This study suggests important physiologic benefits from pulsatile perfusion, especially to patients on cardiopulmonary bypass with cerebrovascular insufficiency.
Would lead shielding the eye lenses during a head CT be beneficial?
Authors: Alqahtani F.F. , Saeed M.K. , Abdallah Y. , Alshamrani K.
Published: September 2023

The lens of the eye is one of the radiosensitive organs. Patients receiving computed tomography (CT) scanning of the head, as well as patients undergoing repeated CT scanning of the head, are at risk for this consequence. The goal of this study was to see if a lead equivalent might reduce radiation reaching the eye’s lens during regular cranial CT. The goal was accomplished by determining the ideal shielding thickness for patient applications by first evaluating the image quality using phantom measurements taken with and without lead shielding. LiF-thermoluminescent dosimeters were used to quantify the entrance surface doses (ESDs) to the eye lenses of the ATOM phantom without, with one, two, and three layers of lead shielding. The use of customized lead shields up to 0.1 mm thick might be used, according to ACR CT Phantom studies, without having a noticeable impact on the image quality for the central and posterior areas. In these experiments, 0.1 mm thick lead shielding reduces ESDs to the eye’s lens by 31%. Eye shields significantly reduced image quality in the anterior region, but just slightly in the centre and posterior regions. Given the foregoing, using modified lead shields could drastically lower dose to the lens without severely affecting image quality.
Brexit and ‘Global Britain’: role adaptation and contestation in trade policy
Authors: Egan Michelle , Webber Mark
Published: September 2023

Brexit has led to major changes in UK trade policy after decades of collective trade agreements and regulatory alignment with the European Union. Following the 2016 UK referendum on EU membership, the idea of ‘Global Britain’ was touted as the central goal in securing policy autonomy and regulatory independence with respect to trade, rooted in a strong sense of liberalization unencumbered by the perceived constraints of European membership. This article suggests that the UK’s role conception as a global trading (and finance) state has been revived by Brexit. Yet the performance of this role has been mixed. Role adaptation is far from complete, and evidence from the postreferendum period suggests that the post-Brexit economy has failed to fulfil the optimistic expectations of the those who favoured Brexit. In trade, the UK has been buffeted by the post-Brexit relationship with the EU and the changing demands of the global political economy.
The effect of official intervention on reducing the use of potentially discriminatory language during the COVID-19 pandemic in China
Authors: Jiang Yiwei , Wu Hsin-Che , Zuo Yihang
Published: September 2023

This study used the Baidu Index to analyze searches using discriminatory language toward the source of the outbreak during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found a strong correlation between official intervention and a reduction in searches using discriminatory language. Following the official naming of the virus bt the government, the general public understood that searches using discriminatory language should be avoided, and search behavior dramatically changed. Meanwhile, this study also found that official intervention also overcame the effects of local socioeconomic factors. Regions with higher levels of socioeconomic development and higher population density had a stronger discriminatory language in internet searches, while the opposite was the case for regions with lower CPI and unemployment rates. However, after the official intervention, these factors no longer had a significant effect. It is recommended that officials worldwide provide early official media guidance during infectious disease outbreaks to reduce the use of discriminatory language and ensure the delivery of transparent and effective information to the public.
Negativity bias in the spread of voter fraud conspiracy theory tweets during the 2020 US election
Authors: Youngblood Mason , Stubbersfield Joseph M. , Morin Olivier , Glassman Ryan , Acerbi Alberto
Published: September 2023

During the 2020 US presidential election, conspiracy theories about large-scale voter fraud were widely circulated on social media platforms. Given their scale, persistence, and impact, it is critically important to understand the mechanisms that caused these theories to spread. The aim of this preregistered study was to investigate whether retweet frequencies among proponents of voter fraud conspiracy theories on Twitter during the 2020 US election are consistent with frequency bias and/or content bias. To do this, we conducted generative inference using an agent-based model of cultural transmission on Twitter and the VoterFraud2020 dataset. The results show that the observed retweet distribution is consistent with a strong content bias causing users to preferentially retweet tweets with negative emotional valence. Frequency information appears to be largely irrelevant to future retweet count. Follower count strongly predicts retweet count in a simpler linear model but does not appear to drive the overall retweet distribution after temporal dynamics are accounted for. Future studies could apply our methodology in a comparative framework to assess whether content bias for emotional valence in conspiracy theory messages differs from other forms of information on social media.
Evaluating aerial net gunning and chemical immobilisation for capture of invasive sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in alpine Australia
Authors: McCarthy Eliane D. , Hampton Jordan O. , Hunt Rob , Williams Stuart , Eccles Grant , Newsome Thomas M.
Published: September 2023

Context Deer species are expanding in distribution and abundance in Australia. There is increasing focus on the ecology of these species, but effective deer capture methods are needed for telemetry studies. Aims The aims of this study were to develop, assess and refine a helicopter-based capture technique for wild sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) and red deer (Cervus elaphus), based on trials in south-eastern Australia. Methods We captured and collared 14 sambar deer and five red deer in two operations in Kosciuszko National Park in 2021, using a combination of aerial net gunning and chemical immobilisation delivered via hand injection. Captured animals were fitted with GPS collars to track their movements and activity post-capture. Physiological measurements were recorded as a means of assessing responses to capture and to optimise animal welfare outcomes. Key results Twenty-two deer were pursued and captured, with a total mortality rate of 14% (n = 3). The frequency of mortalities decreased from the first operation (17%) to the second operation (10%), largely attributed to allowable helicopter pursuit times being reduced. Post-release movement data indicated that delayed mortality due to capture did not occur. Activity of collared deer was lowest immediately following collaring, suggesting the procedure caused short-term decreases in deer activity. Conclusions Aerial capture of wild sambar deer and red deer poses animal welfare risks, but these can be minimised through the refinement in net gunning and pharmacological procedures to minimise animal stress. Implications This study describes an effective method for the safe capture of sambar deer and red deer, which will assist future wildlife researchers to further refine helicopter-based capture protocols and to collect spatial ecology and survival information about these species.
Probabilistic phonology
Authors: Alderete John , Finley Sara
Published: September 2023

Probability and frequency are becoming increasingly important in phonological analysis. This article reviews contemporary perspectives on how phonological theory addresses gradient phonological patterns shaped by probability and frequency, drawing on theories of the lexicon, grammar, and statistics. After examining their motivations, we show how these diverse theoretical perspectives have been applied to a variety of problems in core phonology, including phonotactics, morphophonology, sound change, phonological categorization, and language development. Our review of theory and applications supports a growing consensus in the field that phonological theories must reckon with probability. Our review also identifies problems stemming from a lack of cohesion in the field, and suggests potential solutions to these problems.
Rethinking postverbal ‘acquire’ and related constructions in Cantonese
Authors: Chit-yu Lam Cherry
Published: September 2023

This paper revisits a well-established areal phenomenon in Mainland Southeast Asia and Northern Europe involving an element, ACQ(UIRE), that functions as a lexical verb meaning ‘to get or acquire’ and appears, as a functional item, in numerous seemingly unrelated constructions such as modal constructions, resultatives, descriptive complementation, and focus constructions. This paper presents a generative framework for the postverbal ACQ-structures in Hong Kong Cantonese involving the markerdak1. The proposed framework takes into account four readings of postverbal ACQ-sentences, namely potential, permission, descriptive, and focus, and argues that all postverbal ACQ-structures in Cantonese share the same basic configuration in which the ACQ heads avP-internal ModP which expresses possibility modality and selects a small clause XP. The postverbal ACQ takes an AspP as complement which indicates the (non-)realization of the projected endpoint. The interpretational difference and other structural variations are boiled down to the three parameters realized in featural terms as: [±Realised] on Asp0, [±Possibility] and [±Deontic] on Mod0. The analysis also provides an explanation for several long-standing issues, including the verb-copying phenomenon, the co-occurrence ofdak1with the modal auxiliaryho2ji5, the distribution of the A-not-A form and negation, and the across-the-board aspectual incompatibility in postverbal ACQ-structures. The parametric framework demonstrates how apparently unrelated ACQ-constructions are closely connected with each other and provide a testable model to account for cross-linguistic variation found in other ACQ languages.
Corrosion rates measured under potentiostatic conditions to represent performance of a cermet nuclear waste form
Authors: Gattu V. K. , Ebert W. L. , Indacochea J. E.
Published: September 2023

Electrochemical tests were conducted to assess the corrosion performance of a developmental multiphase cermet nuclear waste form in different conditions. Corrosion currents were monitored as the surface equilibrated in an acidic brine solution during potentiostatic tests at different imposed potentials. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to quantify differences in the electrical properties of surfaces stabilised at different potentials. The passivating oxides that will stabilise the surface under disposal conditions are formed and maintained during testing. The measured corrosion currents were two orders of magnitude lower for passivated surfaces than for polished surfaces over a wide range of redox conditions. The electrochemical results were correlated with microscopic analyses of the corroded surfaces and physical models of the surface passivation and degradation processes are proposed. The measured corrosion rates are suitable for the long-term performance modeling of cermet nuclear waste forms.
Improving mechanical properties of carbon and tool steels via chromizing
Authors: Grejtak Tomas , Qu Jun
Published: September 2023

Steels are commonly used in high-performance demanding applications due to their favourable mechanical properties. Various surface engineering techniques have been developed for steels, among which chromizing is an affordable high-throughput case-hardenig process for improved surface hardness and wear resistance while retaining the substrate ductility and toughness. In this work, tribological testing along with nano- and micro-indentation and morphological and composional characterisation were used to understand the effects of the chromizing process on the AISI 1095 carbon steel, 52100 bearing steel and A2, D2 and M2 tool steels. The results of this study demonstrate that the chromizing treatment of low-cost 1095 and 52100 steels significantly improves their wear and hardness properties to a level comparable to the more costly tool steels. While chromizing also increased the hardness of the tool steels, it had little improvement on the wear resistance for the D2 and M2 tool steels.
Conformally covariant operators of mixed-symmetry tensors and MAGs
Authors: Paci Gregorio , Sauro Dario , Zanusso Omar
Published: September 2023

We compute conformally covariant actions and operators for tensors with mixed symmetries in arbitrary dimension d. Our results complete the classification of conformal actions that are quadratic on arbitrary tensors with three indices, which allows to write corresponding conformal actions for all tensor species that appear in the decomposition of the distorsion tensor of an arbitrary metric-affine theory of gravity including both torsion and nonmetricity. We also discuss the degrees of freedom that such theories are propagating, as well as interacting metric-affine theories that enjoy the conformal actions in the Gaussian limit.
Numerical resolution of the inverse source problem for EEG using the quasi-reversibility method
Authors: Darbas M , Leblond J , Marmorat J-P , Tournier P-H
Published: September 2023

The paper concerns the numerical resolution of the inverse source problem for electroencephalography. We propose an approach which is able to take into account some heterogeneity properties (namely a varying electrical conductivity) of the head tissues, in particular of the skull layer. It combines two consecutive steps: (i) a data completion procedure from the scalp to the cortex using the quasi-reversibility method, (ii) a source estimation method from these cortical transmitted data within the brain (modeled as sphere), developed in the software tool FindSources3D. Numerical simulations in the case of the multi-layered spherical head model illustrate both the promising and limiting features of the approach.
Crystallization kinetics, microstructure evolution, and mechanical responses of Cr-Co alloys
Authors: Wu Yu-Han , Huang Rao , Wen Yu-Hua
Published: September 2023

Understanding the crystallization kinetics of Cr-Co alloys and providing a quantitative characterization of the microstructure evolution during quenching are of practical significance to their industrial applications. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the solidification of Cr30Co70 and Cr70Co30 subjected to different cooling rates. Besides, the outcomes are examined for their mechanical responses under uniaxial tensile loading. It is disclosed that slower cooling (⩽1 K ps−1) is beneficial to crystallization, while faster quenching generally leads to disordered structures. In the solidified outcomes, regardless of composition ratios and cooling rates, Co-Co bonding is the most favorable compared with that of Co-Cr and Cr-Cr. As for structural order, the Co-rich alloys exhibit a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) dominant crystalline order, while face-centered cubic (fcc) becomes more advantageous in the remaining cases. Among all the samples, the Cr30Co70 obtained with 0.5 K ps−1 is an exception since it abnormally adopts fcc as a major crystalline order and realizes lower energy than expected. Additionally, under uniaxial tensile loading, a phase transition from fcc or hcp to body-centered cubic (bcc) is identified in the Cr30Co70 samples, while it is absent in the Cr70Co30 ones. These findings can aid in the design, manufacturing, and utilization of Cr-Co alloys in the field of material industry.
Sunlight active cellulose/g-C3N4/TiO2 nano-photocatalyst for simultaneous degradation of methylene blue dye and atenolol drug in real wastewater
Authors: Garg Anushka , Chauhan Anjali , Agnihotri Charu , Singh Bhim Pratap , Mondem Vasundhara , Basu Soumen , Agnihotri Shekhar
Published: September 2023

The paper critically addresses two contemporary environmental challenges, the water crisis and the unrestricted discharge of organic pollutants in waterways together. An eco-friendly method was used to fabricate a cellulose/g-C3N4/TiO2 photocatalytic composite that displayed a remarkable degradation of methylene blue dye and atenolol drug under natural sunlight. Introducing graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) onto pristine TiO2 improved hybrid material’s photonic efficacy and enhanced interfacial charge separation. Furthermore, immobilizing TiO2/g-C3N4 on a semi-interpenetrating cellulose matrix promoted photocatalyst recovery and its reuse, ensuring practical affordability. Under optimized conditions, the nano-photocatalyst exhibited ∼95% degradation of both contaminants within two hours while retaining ∼55% activity after ten cycles demonstrating a promising photostability. The nano-photocatalyst caused 66% and 57% reduction in COD and TOC values in industrial wastewater containing these pollutants. The photocatalysis was fitted to various models to elucidate the degradation kinetics, while LC-MS results suggested the mineralization pathway of dye majorly via ring opening demethylation. >98% disinfection was achieved against E. coli (104–105 CFU·ml−1) contaminated water. This study thus paves multifaceted strategies to treat wastewater contaminants at environmental levels employing nano-photocatalysis.
Particle-in-cell simulation of a cylindrical plasma mass separator based on Penning discharge with thermionic cathodes
Authors: Smirnov V S , Kislenko S A , Gavrikov A V , Klimkov A A , Liziakin G D , Smirnov V P
Published: September 2023

This work is devoted to the modeling of a Penning discharge with a hot cathode, which is used to create a background plasma with a radial electric field in a plasma mass separator. We used a 2D3V electrostatic particle-in-cell plus Monte Carlo Collision (PIC/MCC) simulation model with a gyrokinetic approximation for magnetized electrons and a geometrical scaling scheme. The proposed model predicts the development of a rotating spoke structure, leading to fluctuations in the electric potential. The fluctuation amplitude and the averaged radial profile of the potential are in qualitative agreement with experiment. On the example of a model flow of silver and lead ions, we have shown that potential fluctuations can impair separation, leading to a partial overlap of ion deposition spots on a substrate. Each of the separated fractions contain about 11% impurities.
Real quantum operations and state transformations
Authors: Varun Kondra Tulja , Datta Chandan , Streltsov Alexander
Published: September 2023

Resource theory of imaginarity provides a useful framework to understand the role of complex numbers, which are essential in the formulation of quantum mechanics, in a mathematically rigorous way. In the first part of this article, we study the properties of ‘real’ (quantum) operations both in single-party and bipartite settings. As a consequence, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for state transformations under real operations and show the existence of ‘real entanglement’ monotones. In the second part of this article, we focus on the problem of single copy state transformation via real quantum operations. When starting from pure initial states, we completely solve this problem by finding an analytical expression for the optimal fidelity of transformation, for a given probability of transformation and vice versa. Moreover, for state transformations involving arbitrary initial states and pure final states, we provide a semidefinite program to compute the optimal achievable fidelity, for a given probability of transformation.
Neutronic analysis of alternative ceramic fuels in the next generation of VVER-1000/V446 reactor
Authors: Rahimi Ahmad , Heidari Ebrahim , Kheradmand Saadi Mohsen , Abbasi Kavoos
Published: September 2023

One of the most important issues in nuclear fuel management is burnup increase, which impacts significantly on the reactor cycle length. Burnup enlargement specifically leads to reducing the cost of electricity generation and increasing efficiency. In the present study, the neutronic analysis of some alternative ceramic fuels includingUN, 15UN, and UChas been performed forthe VVER-1000/V446 reactor, comparing with the conventional UO2. Being single-ligand, the alternative fuels’ density of heavy metals such as uranium is greater than UO2’s one. Therefore, the absorption and fissionamounts in thesefuels will be higher than theones in UO2 fuel. By modellingVVER-1000/V446 reactor with MCNPX2.6 Monte Carlo code, we showed that the excess reactivity value for UC fuel (169.173 ∆K/K) increased compared to UO2 fuel (165.526). Due to the ultra-high burnup, the reactor cycle length is 398 days for 15UN fuel, while it is 270, 308, and 130 days for UO2, UC, and UN fuels, respectively, and has increased by 47%. Therefore, the use of alternative fuels has advantages like plant construction cost reduction,excess reactivity, discharge burn up, making them suitable substitution of conventional UO2 for the next generation of LWRs.
Sweeping Horndeski canvas: new growth-rate parameterization for modified-gravity theories
Authors: Wen Yuewei , Nguyen Nhat-Minh , Huterer Dragan
Published: September 2023

We propose and numerically validate a new fitting formula that is sufficiently accurate to
model the growth of structure in Horndeski theories of modified gravity for upcoming Stage IV and
V large-scale structure surveys. Based on an analysis of more than 18,000 Horndeski models and
adopting the popular parameterization of the growth rate f(z) = Ω
M
(z)
γ
, we
generalize the constant growth index γ to a two-parameter redshift-dependent quantity,
 γ(z), that more accurately fits these models. We demonstrate that the functional form
 γ(z) = γ
0 + γ
0
z
2/(1 + z) improves the median χ
2 of the fit to viable
Horndeski models by a factor of ∼ 40 relative to that of a constant γ, and is
sufficient to obtain unbiased results even for precise measurements expected in Stage IV and V
surveys. Finally, we constrain the parameters of the new fitting formula using current
cosmological data.
Multi-field inflation with large scalar fluctuations: non-Gaussianity and perturbativity
Authors: Iacconi Laura , Mulryne David J.
Published: September 2023

Recently multi-field inflation models that can produce large scalar fluctuations on small scales have drawn a lot of attention, primarily because they could lead to primordial black hole production and generation of large second-order gravitational waves. In this work, we focus on models where the scalar fields responsible for inflation live on a hyperbolic field space. In this case, geometrical destabilisation and non-geodesic motion are responsible for the peak in the scalar power spectrum. We present new results for scalar non-Gaussianity and discuss its dependence on the model's parameters. On scales around the peak, we typically find that the non-Gaussianity is large and close to local in form. We validate our results by employing two different numerical techniques, utilising the transport approach, based on full cosmological perturbation theory, and theδNformalism, based on the separate universe approximation. We discuss implications of our results for the perturbativity of the underlying theory, focusing in particular on versions of these models with potentially relevant phenomenology at interferometer scales.
Effect of thermal treatment and strain rate on superelastic and mechanical properties of NiTi sheet
Authors: Kopelent M , Losertová M , Konečná K , Skoupý O , Čepica D , Halo T , Frydrýšek K , Vlček T
Published: September 2023

In this work, the influence of the heat treatment and the strain rate on the superelastic properties of the NiTi alloy was studied in the tensile testing. Thin NiTi sheets with a thickness of 2.0 mm and a content of 56.31 Ni and 43.69 Ti (in wt. %) were tested in different heat-treated conditions. The flat specimens were tensile tested at two different strain rates at the state as-received, after aging at 450 °C and after solution treatment at 850 °C followed by aging at 450 °C. The microstructure and phase analyses of the NiTi specimens in three heat-treated conditions were examined using optical and scanning electronic microscopies and were related to the superelastic behavior.
Consideration of supports stiffness at torsional and longitudinal vibrations of the rod
Authors: Kudryavtsev I V , Malykhina L K , Ivanov V A , Rabetskaya O I , Shvets D A
Published: September 2023

The study of the impact of the stiffness of the supports on the value of the first natural frequency of torsional and longitudinal free vibrations of the spring-hinged rod was carried out. In both cases of vibrations the mathematical formulation of the problem of determining the first natural frequency of vibrations reduces to compiling and solving the corresponding differential equation under given boundary conditions. The solution of this complex mathematical problem is performed by the numerical method in a specially created program for many combinations of supports stiffness. To obtain an analytical solution, a quadratic approximation of the obtained values was performed, which made it possible to obtain simple dependencies convenient for engineering applied calculations. The quadratic approximation also allowed solving the inverse problem of determining the required stiffness of supports for the required value of the first natural frequency of vibrations. The obtained solutions were compared with known solutions, which showed that the approximation error is less than 5% if the stiffness of the rod supports of the same order. The obtained results can be used in engineering applied calculations of natural frequencies of torsional and longitudinal vibrations of rods with elastic supports.
Resonant-dissipative model of ultrafast spin dynamics
Authors: Zhumaev M R , Sharipov M Z , Rizokulov M N
Published: September 2023

The paper proposes a resonant-dissipative model of ultrafast spin dynamics, which takes into account the effects of both an external magnetic field and spin-orbit coupling. It is shown that under the combined action of these factors it is possible to control the polarizability of ferromagnets, which determines the permittivity and refractive index of the systems under study.
Automated software and hardware complex based on an eddy current sensor for studying the properties of thin films
Authors: Katasonov Alexander , Ishkov Aleksey , Voinash Sergey , Zagidullin Ramil , Yumagulova Venera , Sokolova Victoriia
Published: September 2023

The variety of existing thin-film structures used in modern science and technology is described. The design of a miniature eddy current transducer was developed and improved. Methods for determining the properties of films were presented. The main design parameters of the developed transducer are described and a scheme of operation complex is presented. The results of scanning electrically homogeneous and inhomogeneous films are presented. It was possible to establish the degree of uniformity of the conductivity of the film by constructing histograms that display the number of points with different electrical conductivity.
Simulation of photothermal building and thermal comfort analysis of PMV
Authors: Xu Ruoting
Published: September 2023

Nowadays, with the development of technology and the improvement of human economic level, the energy consumption of buildings is gradually increasing. China is very rich in solar energy resources and the development of solar buildings can save a lot of energy by taking advantage of solar energy resources. The Trombe Wall to be studied in this paper are passive solar buildings. Trombe Wall can achieve good indoor natural ventilation and can meet the requirements of human thermal comfort. However, solar energy is unstable and intermittent, which can easily lead to excessive fluctuations in indoor temperature, so the use of suitable phase change or energy storage materials is also a very important measure. In this paper the mathematical model corresponding to Trombe Wall is specifically investigated and simulations are carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics software to verify the thermal characteristics of Trombe Wall at different temperatures in a given room and the natural ventilation effect they achieve. The simulations are followed by a PMV thermal comfort analysis of the room. The analysis is carried out for four scenarios: “Summer - day”, “Summer - night”, “Winter - day” and “Winter - night”, thus enabling the analysis of Trombe Wall at different temperatures.
IoT-based simulation of flocking algorithm
Authors: Wang Xiaojian
Published: September 2023

The study of animal groups’ flocking behavior is of great significance to the study of multi-agent system. Flocking algorithm is a typical algorithm for group control based on animal group behavior. The research on flocking algorithm is mature, but there is little research on the implementation of Flocking algorithm using digital twin. Digital twins, as a key technology in the direction of IoT, is potentially valuable for improving the efficiency of cloud and devices. Therefore, the main research goal of this paper is to simulate the flocking phenomenon in nature by using digital twins and flocking algorithm to realize the cooperative control of multi-agent systems under the scenarios of obstacle-free and obstacle. In this paper, the author uses digital twins and flocking algorithm to achieve simulations of animal flocking Behaviors. The final simulation results show that the Multi-agent system can converge agents and reach consensus, and finally cross the obstacles to reach the target node, which verifies the rationality and effectiveness of the algorithm. Through the way of digital twins, the burden of the intelligence body’s computation on obstacle identification can be reduced, and the synchronization efficiency of the cloud and the device can be effectively elevated, thus in a practical sense, favoring the deployment implementation.
Image compression and reconstruction based on GUI and Huffman coding
Authors: Zhan Honghui
Published: September 2023

Huffman coding is an important part of image compression technology, the image compression platform is based on GUI, and Huffman is also widely used. This paper introduces the basic principle of the Huffman algorithm, compares it with arithmetic coding and run length encoding, and expounds on the application of these three algorithms in JPEG compression. The AC algorithm combined block-based, fine texture models and adaptive arithmetic coding in the given an example. The RLE algorithm used automatic threshold, direction judgment, and selective value counts to improve its compression efficiency. JPEG algorithm adopted an adaptive quantization table to reduce the distortion rate of image compression. This paper proves the possibility of a better compression rate and distortion rate of the hybrid compression algorithm by demonstrating the improved example of the basic image compression algorithm. In the future, the improved basic algorithms can be combined based on the original JPEG algorithm, and different algorithms can be integrated on the GUI to face different use environments.
Deep learning-based facial emotion recognition exploiting self-supervised pre-training and feature pyramid
Authors: Li Jingyang , Lin Zhihui , Ruan Huihao , Wang Jiacheng
Published: September 2023

Facial emotion recognition (FER), a technology designed to automatically identify the emotional state of an individual based on the features of his face, is a thriving area in human-computer interaction and affective computing. Among all the FER techniques, the deep learning model, especially the convolutional neural network is more successful. In this paper, various networks are tested firstly with different optimizers based on the VGG baseline. After that, according to the results of the test, it seems that VGG19 is the best choice for the backbone network. Following that, a feature pyramid network added to the backbone model is considered to improve the model, which, however, ends up with even worse accuracy. To find another way of improvement, the attention is thrown to the unsupervised contrastive model, which is built based on the momentum contrast with VGG19 being the backbone network, culminating in an increase in the accuracy from 71.94% to 72.11% in the end.
Context-aware for predicting gestational diabetes using rule – based system
Authors: Deeba K , Sathishkumar V E , Maheshwari V , Prasanna M , Sukumar R
Published: September 2023

Nanotechnology seems to be an important scientific method for the diagnosis of a disorder that offers more precise and appropriate health information. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition frequently seen that severely affects human health. Gestational diabetes happens during gestation or gestational time. Gestational diabetes may arise from normal physical changes in the body experiences of a pregnant woman.. The placenta develops substances during pregnancy that conflict with just the enzyme insulin’s behavior. The Principle objective of this paper is to predict gestational diabetes using the rule-based system by creating a user profile with AbA1c. This research can be applied to a broader range of healthcare diagnostics to get better accuracy in the prediction
Research on meteorological temperature prediction based on machine learning
Authors: Chen Leyan
Published: September 2023

Predicting temperature has been a great challenge in meteorology. Accurate temperature prediction is more conducive to human production and life. This study investigated the ability of artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF) methods to predict short-term monthly temperatures. The study data has been processed from the global surface temperature change estimated by NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. The average temperature from three months ago, the average temperature two months ago, and the average temperature one month ago were used as inputs to the application model. Both the models gave comparable results, but the superiority of the artificial neural network model over the random forest model in the present study.
Design of PID and ADRC based adaptively anti-disturbance quadrotor hovering controller
Authors: Xingjian Zhang
Published: September 2023

This paper reported an implementation of quadrotor controller, aimed at using ADRC-based controller cascaded with PID controller to overcome hovering difficulties and provide resistance to extreme wind conditions in the complex airflow environment common in typical urban low-flying environments. The main tasks of the implementation including analyzing the complexity of urban low air flow environments and exploring what challenges it brings to the hovering stability of lightweight quadcopters, as well as demonstrating the good performance of the cascade PID-ADRC controller in this case and compare it with a classic PID controller.
Cloud detection algorithm based on point by point refinement
Authors: Zhang Jiyin
Published: September 2023

In order to limit the interference of cloud noise on ground scene information, cloud detection has been a hot issue in research on remote sensing image processing. Cloud detection labels the clouds in remote sensing images at the pixel level. The majority of early cloud detection systems rely on manually created feature and threshold segmentation with limited generalizability. Remote sensing cloud detection based on deep learning has improved in accuracy and speed thanks to the quick development of convolutional neural networks, but it is still unable to satisfy practical application requirements when dealing with sceneries with variable cloud block size and sparse distribution. To this end, this study proposes a cloud detection algorithm based on point-by-point refinement based on the idea of coarse to fine. Specifically, firstly, the residual module is introduced in the U-Net network to extract more features; secondly, the point-by-point refinement module is designed to filter out the areas in the remote sensing images where the clouds are easily detected wrongly for optimization and re-prediction, and then produce finer-grained and more accurate cloud detection results. The quantitative and qualitative experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Methods to improve the sensitivity of micro-capacitive pressure sensors
Authors: Wang Chao
Published: September 2023

Novel micro pressure sensors require high sensitivity, anti-interference, reliability and durability. However, due to some problems in mold making, digital signal process circuits and so on, it is difficult for the existing micro-capacitive pressure sensors to make a breakthrough in sensitivity. Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the micro-pressure capacitive sensors principle and the technical difficulties they face. After that, several schemes are listed, including digital signal process circuits, laser-induced graphene, etc. The feasibility and practicability of these methods to improve the sensitivity of micro-capacitive pressure sensors are compared and demonstrated. The following types of pressure sensors, including PDMS-based and MEMS-based pressure sensors, have their specific functions and shortcomings. The paper aims to provide some references for further research in this field, and to give some useful opinions on the practical application of micro-capacitive pressure sensors in IoT and other fields.
Reinforcement learning approach for multi-agent flexible scheduling problems
Authors: Zhou Hongjian , Gu Boyang , Jin Chenghao
Published: September 2023

Scheduling plays an important role in automated production. Its impact can be found in various fields such as the manufacturing industry, the service industry and the technology industry. A scheduling problem (NP-hard) is a task of finding a sequence of job assignments on a given set of machines with the goal of optimizing the objective defined. Methods such as Operation Research, Dispatching Rules, and Combinatorial Optimization have been applied to scheduling problems but no solution guarantees to find the optimal solution. The recent development of Reinforcement Learning has shown success in sequential decision-making problems. This research presents a Reinforcement Learning approach for scheduling problems. In particular, this study delivers an OpenAI gym environment with search-space reduction for JSSP and provides a heuristic-guided Q-Learning solution with state-of-the-art performance for Multi-agent Flexible Job Shop Problems.
A survey on deep learning for surgical planning
Authors: Diao Xinran
Published: September 2023

Deep learning-based surgical planning is currently a promising area of research. Unlike the traditional way of surgical planning through computer systems that assist physicians, deep learning methods enhance the robustness and accuracy of surgical planning systems through a data-driven approach with the great advantage it possesses in processing images. In this work, we have put together a review that presents the application of deep learning in three separate aspects of surgical planning systems, namely, surgical scene understanding, surgical scene reconstruction and automated assessment of surgical skills. This article covers multiple scopes, such as semantic segmentation, depth estimation, SLAM systems, etc. We present the relevance of these three applications for the current surgical and medical field and show how the problem can be solved by the techniques in the mentioned topics. We hope that this work will link emerging research results in the field of deep learning and surgical planning, and provide guidance to future researchers using deep learning techniques for surgical planning when it comes to understanding feasible approaches to related problems.
Application of Resnet18-Unet in separating tumors from brain MRI images
Authors: Chen Yuzhi
Published: September 2023

The automatic segmentation of brain tumors in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a significant role in diagnosis and treatment planning. In this research, a semantic segmentation model called Resnet18-Unet was designed to combine the Resnet18 model and the U-Net model by using the convolutional neural network’s powerful feature extraction functionality. It keeps the decoding part of U-Net and replaces the traditional VGG encoding part with Resnet18 to extract feature information more effectively. Aiming at the problem of slow training speed and difficult convergence of semantic segmentation models, dynamic learning weights are used to accelerate model convergence. The experimental results demonstrate that the Resnet18-Unet model converges faster than the U-Net model with faster convergence and better segmentation performance, and the average IoU reaches 83.17%.