bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Study On Molecular Characteristics, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections
Authors: Cheng Yan , Cheng Qi , Zhang Rong , Gao Jie-ying , Li Wei , Wang Fu-kun , He Zheng-xin , Sun Qing-qing , Meng Han-bing , Yu Shu
Published: June 2024

Backgroud: Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is reported as the second most prevalent Gram-negative bacterium responsible for bloodstream infections (BSIs). In recent years, the management of BSIs caused by KP has become increasingly complex due to the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). Although numerous studies have explored the risk factors for the development of CRKP-BSIs, the mortality of patients with KP-BSIs, and the molecular epidemiological characteristics of CRKP, the variability in data across different populations, countries, and hospitals has led to inconsistent conclusions.
Results: In our study, 134 patients with KP-BSIs were included; of these, 50 were infected with CRKP and 84 with carbapenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae (CSKP). The independent risk factors for CRKP-BSIs were identified as gastric catheterization (OR=9.143; CI=1.357-61.618; P=0.023), prior ICU hospitalization (OR=4.642; CI=1.312-16.422; P=0.017), and detection of CRKP in non-blood sites (OR=8.112; CI=2.130-30.894; P=0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that microbiologic eradication beyond 6 days (OR=3.569; CI=1.119-11.387; P=0.032), high Pitt bacteremia score (OR=1.609; CI=1.226-2.111; P=0.001), and inappropriate empirical treatment after BSIs (OR=6.756; CI=1.922-23.753; P=0.003) were independent risk factors for 28-day mortality in KP-BSIs. The risk factor-based prediction model further confirmed that microbiologic eradication≥6.5 days and a Pitt bacteremia score of≥4.5 were significant predictive factors for 28-day mortality. Bioinformatics analysis identified ST11 as the predominant CRKP sequence type, with blaKPC-2 as the most prevalent gene variant. CRKP stains carried multiple plasmid-mediated resistance genes along with some virulence genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of nosocomial transmission of ST11 CRKP within the ICU.
Conclusions: The analysis of risk factors for developing CRKP-BSIs and the association between KP-BSIs and 28-day mortality, along with the development of a risk factor-based prediction model and the characterization of CRKP strains, enhances clinicians’ understanding of the pathogens responsible for BSIs. This comprehensive understanding may facilitate the timely administration of antibiotic therapy in patients suspected of having KP-BSIs, potentially improving patient outcomes.
A second-order nonlinear disturbance observer based non- singular terminal sliding mode control for PMSLM system
Authors: Pang Yuyi , Yu Haitao , Wang Yao , Zhang Jiahui
Published: June 2024

In this paper, a speed-current single-loop control strategy for permanent magnet synchronous linear motors (PMSLM) with load variations is investigated. Firstly, a second-order model of the PMSLM is developed by combining the speed and q-axis current. Then, a speed regulation strategy consisting of a non-singular terminal sliding mode control and second-order nonlinear disturbance observers is designed for the developed second-order model to improve the response and disturbance rejection performance of the PMSLM. The matched and mismatched disturbances of the second-order model are estimated by second-order nonlinear disturbance observers. The convergence of the studied control strategies is analysed by the Lyapunov theory. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show the advantages of the studied control strategy in terms of response and robustness compared to the PID and SMC based on cascade structure.
Differences in ambulatory versus home blood pressure levels by ethnicity: data from the United Kingdom and Japan
Authors: Fujiwara Takeshi , Koshiaris Constantinos , Schwartz Claire , Sheppard James , Tomitani Naoko , Hoshide Satoshi , Kario Kazuomi , McManus Richard
Published: June 2024

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that differences in ethnicity impact the difference between ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and home BP (HBP) levels.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of cross-sectional data from the UK and Japan was performed. All participants underwent office BP, daytime ABP, and HBP measurements. The ABP–HBP differences among the ethnic groups were examined by multiple linear regression analysis. Diagnostic disagreement was defined as cases where the diagnosis of hypertension determined using ABP and HBP differed with a common threshold of 135/85 mmHg. Definite diagnostic disagreement was assigned where such a difference exceeded ±5 mmHg from their respective diagnostic thresholds.
Results: A total of 1,408 participants (age 62.1±11.1 years, 48.6% males, 78.9% known hypertensive, White British 18.9%, South Asian 11.2%, African Caribbean 12.0%, Japanese 58.0%) were eligible. Japanese participants showed higher daytime ABP than HBP compared to White British: systolic BP (SBP) +3.09 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) +1.14, +5.04 mmHg; diastolic BP (DBP) +5.67 mmHg, 95%CI +4.51, +6.84 mmHg. Japanese participants showed a higher percentage of diagnostic disagreement in SBP compared to African Caribbean participants (33.2% vs. 20.7%, p=0.006). Furthermore, Japanese participants demonstrated a higher percentage of definite diagnostic disagreement in SBP compared to White British (9.3% vs. 4.5%, p=0.040) and African Caribbean participants (9.3% vs. 3.0%, p=0.018).
Conclusion: Japanese participants showed higher daytime ABP than HBP compared to White British participants. To fully assess cardiovascular risk, it is beneficial for Japanese participants to measure both ABP and HBP, in comparison to other ethnic groups.
Photoinduced electron transfer photodecomposition of 1, 4-Dihydropyridine derivative phototoxic drug Manidipine, Docking and Molecular Dynamic studies
Authors: Mustafa Syed Khalid , Al-Anazi Menier , Aljohani Meshari M. H. , Omer Noha , Jame Rasha , Alessa Ali Hamzah , Alatawi Ibrahim Saleem S , Alatawi Omar M. , Sagheer Mehak , Ahamed Mohd Imran , Islam Maidul
Published: June 2024

The present investigation focuses on the photochemical transformation of Manidipine (1) using ultraviolet-A light while being accompanied by an electron-donating agent (Et3N) and an electron-accepting component (CCl4). This resulted in the formation of photoproducts, identified as 2-[4-(diphenylmethyl) piperazin-1-yl] ethyl methyl2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-amino-phenyl)-1,4 dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (2) and 2- [4-(diphenyl methyl) piperazin-1-yl] ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)- pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (3) from its spectral properties (IR, NMR and Mass spectra). The formation of photoproducts was rationalized by invoking a mechanism driven by photoinduced electron transfer. In addition, the binding affinities through docking and molecular dynamics studies were performed on parent drug and their photoproduct against tyrosinase enzyme for their correlation with phototoxic effect. The outcomes imply that all the compounds effectively occupied the enzymes’ active site, displaying substantial binding energies. These results were confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation by evaluating root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), along with the radius of gyration (Rg) and solvent accessible surface area (SASA) that indicated a stable and compact state throughout the simulation time. This data suggests that drug users should restrict exposure to radiation (natural or artificial) to avoid drug-induced phototoxic effects.
CT based deep learning model for differentiating primary renal sarcomas from large renal cell carcinomas
Authors: Lin Haishan , Li Shurong , Chen Yuhang , Chen Zhenhua , Wei Jinhuan , Liu Jiumin , Guo Yan , Chen Wei , Wang Huanjun , Luo Junhang , Tian Li , Yao Haohua
Published: June 2024

Background
Due to the prognosis and treatment differences between primary renal sarcomas and renal cell carcinoma, preoperative differentiation between them is important but challenging. This study aims to explore and develop a diagnostic method based on computed tomography (CT) and clinical data for preoperatively differentiating primary renal sarcomas from large renal cell carcinomas.
Methods
Patients pathologically diagnosed with primary renal sarcoma from two center between 2009–2021 were retrospectively included, and large renal cell carcinomas were probably 2:1 compared to renal sarcomas as the control group. Clinical data, standard contrast-enhanced CT images and histological findings were obtained. A clinical model was established with independent indicators based on logistic regression analysis. The region of interest was outlined in each three modal CT images (unenhanced phase [UP], corticomedullary phase [CMP] and nephrographic phase [NP]) and formed 7 modal imaging datasets for deep learning models’ development. Reported performance metrics included accuracy and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC).
Results
Totally, 27 renal sarcomas and 58 large RCCs were enrolled. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the independent indicators of renal sarcoma were intratumoral artery and Gerota’s fascia invasion (P < 0.05). The AUC of clinical model was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67–0.87), sensitivity 0.74, specificity 0.67, positive predictive value 0.51, and negative predictive value 0.85. The deep learning models yielded effective discrimination. The unenhanced phase model yielded AUC = 0.95±0.09 and accuracy (ACC) = 0.94±0.07, and UP + NP model yielded nearly AUC = 0.95±0.06, and ACC = 0.94±0.07.
Conclusion
The deep learning models based on multimodal CT images show good performance for differentiating renal sarcomas from large renal cell carcinomas, which assist in individualized management.
Unravelling the metagenomic landscape of gut microbiota in endangered proboscis monkey across Malaysian Borneo: Conservation and ecological insight
Authors: Mazlan Norfarhana , Seelan Jaya Seelan Sathiya , Chong Yee Ling , Bernard Henry , Azman Wan Nur Syafinaz Wan , Silang Sundai , Zaini Mohamad Kasyfullah , Khan Faisal Ali Anwarali
Published: June 2024

Numerous research on the gut microbial diversity of non-human primates (NHP) has been done to evaluate the impact of environmental changes on the diversity of gut microbiota and to determine the mutualistic relationship between the animals and gut microbes that aid in their adaptation to living in an altered environment. The metagenomics approach was employed to explore gut microbial diversity and abundance in the endangered and endemic proboscis monkeys of Borneo. The amplicon sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene from 24 faecal samples successfully generated over two million raw reads of bacteria (98%) and archaea (2%) representing 4030 OTUs. Gut microbial diversity and abundance vary across different populations, i.e.: wild, semi-wild and captivity, suggesting that higher diversity was discovered in individuals inhabiting areas with higher food resource availability in natural habitats. The observed alterations in gut microbial diversity and abundance among proboscis monkey populations inhabiting distinct environmental conditions in this study provide empirical evidence for the impact of environmental changes on the proboscis monkey’s gut microbiota. Besides, the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria identified in the proboscis monkey’s gut highlights the potential hazards associated with human-primate interactions and raises the urgent need for public health management. [197 words]
What is True for the Goose, may not be true for the Gander.
Authors: Gosavi Nachiket
Published: June 2024

This essay focuses on the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR) as a case study of a rural-urban mega area. It analyses and compares commuting patterns in the region using digitized district boundaries, transport networks, and commute distances. The study also explores the impact of transport infrastructure and nodes on the economic influence area. In contrast to earlier assumptions, the findings reveal similar commute patterns in rural and urban areas within the NCR. Many individuals seeking wage employment travel distances of less than five kilometre for their daily commute. These short distances can be covered using sustainable modes like walking and cycling. To promote a sustainable mega area, it is crucial to reassess existing policies. Rather than solely focusing on connecting distant areas to an urban core or central business district, priority should be given to local worker circulation and addressing urban-rural disparities in transport planning. Implementing such policies can foster the development of self-sustaining mega areas that promote balanced regional growth. These research findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and urban planners, especially in developing countries facing similar conditions as India, by creating more equitable and resilient regions that support sustainable and balanced growth. They emphasize the importance of considering local commuting patterns and prioritizing sustainable development in shaping the future of transportation and regional growth.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis of low-dose radiotherapy-mediated alleviation of LPS-induced acute lung injury
Authors: Lee Sung Eun , Seo Sang Hoon , Kim Yeon Joo , Kim Yeeun , Cho Junhun , Jeong Jun-Gi , Kim Hyung-Yong , Choi Changhoon , Oh Dongryul
Published: June 2024

Background
Acute lung injury (ALI), a condition with a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide, is a type of acute respiratory failure characterized by infiltrative lesions in the lungs. Low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT), which uses less than 1 Gy X-ray per session, has been tested for its clinical feasibility in suppressing lung inflammation in conditions that cause ALI. However, a mechanistic understanding of how LDRT alleviates inflammation in the lungs and restores balance in the immune environment is still lacking.
Methods
In this study, we assessed the immunomodulatory effects of LDRT using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and flow cytometry in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mouse model.
Results
LDRT with 1 Gy X-rays reduced the lung inflammation, immunostimulatory cells such as M1 macrophages, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, while increasing the levels of immunosuppressive cells such as M2 macrophages and the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β. Furthermore, scRNA-seq analysis of whole lung tissues confirmed that LDRT reduced the number of macrophages and neutrophils and downregulated the genes involved in inflammatory response pathways. Flow cytometry showed that LDRT effectively eliminated pro-inflammatory immune cells via apoptosis.
Conclusions
Our findings underscore the potential utility of LDRT in ALI treatment by rebalancing immune homeostasis.
Molecular detection of Dengue virus from febrile patient cases in Ghana
Authors: Bonney Joseph Humphrey , Pratt Deborah , Ofori Magdalene , Hayashi Takaya , Awuku-Larbi Yaw , Abankwa Abigail , Kumordjie Selassie , Agbodzi Bright , Salisu Musah , Mante Ama Amankwa , Bour Stella , Eshun Miriam , Amaning Juliana Naa Dedei Acquah , Ketorwoley Prince , Enimil Nancy , Koomson Joel , Stephens Gertrude , Asiedu-Bekoe Franklin , Laryea Dennis , Dadzie Samuel , Suzuki Toshihiko
Published: June 2024

Background
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are any group of viral infectious diseases that interfere with the blood’s ability to clot. Viruses that cause these hemorrhagic fevers are found in a variety of hosts including bats, rodents or arthropods like mosquitoes and ticks. Most VHFs are characterized or identified as outbreaks which makes it difficult to monitor or predict. As a result of the danger these infectious pathogens pose, the Noguchi Memorial institute for Medical Research (NMIMR) as part of its mandate in providing high end molecular and genomic laboratory diagnostics in support of national public health programs runs a test for suspected VHFs collected from health facilities across the country.
Methods
This a cross-sectional study where suspected viral hemorrhagic fever patients were recruited between January 2022 to December 2023. During the period, 2586 suspected serum and plasma samples were transported under cold chain to the NMIMR for testing. These samples were subjected to molecular amplification with the Real time polymerase chain reaction assay for potential VHFs including yellow fever, Ebola/Marburg, Lassa fever and Dengue viruses.
Results
We detected Dengue virus RNA from eight patient samples and subtyped into serotypes 1, 2 and 3 respectively, using the Johnson B. W. et al., 2005 protocol. All DENV cases were resident in the Greater Accra region. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the DENV-1 strain detected shared similarity with circulating strains in West Africa. Whole genome sequencing was conducted using Illumina Next Generation Sequencing Technology. Using IQ-TREE, a maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis was carried out.
Conclusion
Until the emergence of recent cases, the circulating subtype has been serotyped Dengue two. With the detection of serotype one, it increases the possibility of multiple infections in individuals and may have worse or increased risk of severe dengue fever. There is therefore the need to intensify surveillance and also to control the mosquito vectors which can transmit these DENV in Ghana.
Neutrophils Aggravate Inflammation and NEC-like Lesions in NEC Intestinal Organoids
Authors: Vincent Deirdre , Heuer Kim , Raluy Laia Pagerols , Hagens Johanna , Kolman Jan , Bunders Madeleine , Wesche Jasmin , Knopf Jasmin , Herrmann Martin , Reinshagen Konrad , Boettcher Michael
Published: June 2024

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of neonatal death and long-term morbidity, involving complex pathophysiology including prematurity, abnormal bacterial colonization, and ischemia-reperfusion injury, partially mediated by neutrophils. However, development of targeted therapies for NEC is hindered by the limitations of current animal models. Thus, this study aimed to develop a human intestinal organoid model for NEC to investigate its pathophysiology, understand neutrophil involvement, and bridge animal and human research. Organoid cultures were established from human neonatal intestinal samples with NEC (n = 7) and without gut inflammation (controls, n = 7), treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and/or cocultured with neutrophils. Flow cytometry quantified neutrophil survival (PI/Annexin), activation (CD11b/CD66b), and TLR-4 expression, as well as organoid TLR-4 expression and apoptosis markers. NEC status and neutrophil recruitment were analyzed using immunofluorescence. After LPS administration, NEC organoids showed significantly increased TLR-4 expression, intestinal apoptosis markers, and NEC scores compared to controls, with more pronounced differences after neutrophil addition. Neutrophil activation markers were elevated when cocultured with both NEC and control organoids, but TLR-4 expression increased only with NEC organoids. The findings suggest that epithelial cells from NEC patients have a heightened innate TLR-4 expression upon LPS stimulation, potentially contributing to NEC development. LPS stimulation resulted in more pronounced NEC-like lesions in NEC organoids, which was exacerbated by neutrophils. This model demonstrates that neutrophils might contribute to NEC manifestation and maintenance, and that NEC organoids can reflect disease aspects, potentially aiding in the development of targeted therapies.
Fostering Participatory Action Research in Higher Degree Research Settings through a Transdisciplinary Peer-mentoring Collaborative
Authors: Pratt Susanne , Heggart Keith , Christensen Pernille H. , Sankaran Shankar
Published: June 2024

In this paper we take inspiration from Levin’s (2003) provocation “can universities ever become a greenhouse for education in action research?” His assertion that creating action research learning opportunities within universities is possible becomes particularly relevant in the context of a changing Higher Degree Research (HDR) landscape, notably in Australia. The increasing emphasis on industry-focused doctorates and the demand for post-doctoral career pathways beyond academia necessitates a deeper understanding of supporting engaged and impact-oriented research training. To address these challenges, we present a reflexive discussion centred around the HDR Participatory Action Research (PAR) Collaborative—a year-long peer-learning initiative designed to cultivate a community of practice on transdisciplinary participatory research among graduate researchers at the [Institution]. This was conducted as a participatory action research project, with a systems-thinking orientation. We articulate lessons learned around the blockers and enablers for training HDR candidates engaged in participatory research to tackle wicked problems and ways to enhance HDR researcher development in this area, including the prototyping of new peer learning and mentoring approaches. Through aligning with Levin's emphasis on practical and useful knowledge, we highlight the importance of curriculum design for synchronous and asynchronous hybrid delivery, collective peer learning practices, and transdisciplinary orientations to research as crucial factors for success in action research programs within the academic context. By addressing the evolving needs of HDR training and research cultures, our study contributes to the ongoing dialogue on holistic and integrative research approaches and ways to support them within higher education.
A Deep Investigation of the Poorly Studied Open Cluster King 18 Using CCD VRI, Gaia DR3 and 2MASS
Authors: Ahmed Nasser M. , Bendary R. , Samir R. M. , Elhosseiny E. G.
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we re-estimate the astrometric and photometric parameters of the young open star cluster King 18 based on Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) and 2Mass, then compare them with the results from VRI CCD observations using the f/4.9 Newtonian focus of 74-inch telescope at Kottamia Astronomical Observatory (KAO) in Egypt. King 18 is a poorly studied open star cluster, for which new results are found in the current study. In order to estimate the membership and determine all the astrophysical parameters of the cluster, we use data from Gaia DR3 and KAO. The center, cluster radius, radial density distribution, color-magnitude diagrams, distance, age, and reddening of King 18 are calculated. Also, the luminosity and mass functions, the total mass and the relaxation time of the cluster are estimated.
The slope value of the mass function of King 18 is found to be 2.27± 0.17, comparable with Salpeter value. Our estimates for the average cluster age and the relaxation time are 224 ± 6.3 and 28.92 Myrs, respectively. This indicates that the King 18 is dynamically stable and a relaxed cluster. The cluster distance modulus from Gaia, 2Mass and VRI observation has been determined to be 12.38±1.32, 12.32 ±0.107 and 12.28 ±0.29 mag respectively. This results are in good agreement within the error. Moreover the color excesses E(V-I), E(J-K s) and E(G BP-G RP) are 0.85±0.087, 0.38±0.091 and 0.98 ± 0.13 respectively. Finally, the proper motions (µ α cosδ , µ δ), and parallaxes ϖ are-2.603 ± 0.018,-2.106 ± 0.013 and 0.324 ± 0.04 respectively.
Should the one-stage hepatectomy be performed for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma patients with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis when the RLV/SLV is between 30% to 40%?
Authors: Gao Junping , Yang Haojie , Lu Zhan , Zhan Guohua , Huang Juntao , Gong Wenfeng , xiang bangde
Published: June 2024

Background
Currently, it is known whether associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) or one-stage hepatectomy (OSH) be applied as a treatment for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis when the remnant liver volume (RLV) to standard liver volume (SLV) ratio is between 30–40% and the liver function is normal.
Methods
In this study, consecutive HBV-related HCC patients with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis who underwent right hepatectomy, with RLV/SLV between 30–40% and normal liver function (Child-pugh A and ICG-R15 < 10%) were enrolled from November 2014 to November 2022. The clinical datas of patients were recorded. Primary endpoints was post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF), while secondary endpoints were severe complication and mortality. The postoperative datas of patients were compared between OSH group and ALPPS group.
Results
Forty-two patients who underwent OSH were enrolled in our study. No significant difference was obtained in the incidence of PHLF between the OSH group (59.5%) and the ALPPS group (52.3%) (P = 0.411). The mortality within 90 days of the OSH group (0%) post-surgery was significantly lower compared with that of the ALPPS group (13.2%) (P = 0.006). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the incidence of severe complication (Clavien-Dindo classification ≥Ⅲa) between the OSH group (26.2%) and the ALPPS group (36.8%) (P = 0.199).
Conclusion
OSH may be an effective treatment option for patients with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis when the RLV/SLV is between 30–40% with normal liver function (Child-pugh A and ICG-R15 < 10%).
Cerebral small vessel disease may not critically influence familial Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Marhat Bigyan , Bimala Malla , Foddis Marco , Holtgrewe Manuel , Beule Dieter , Bras Jose , Guerreiro Rita , Kola Vasilis , Schmitt Hans-Michael , Endres Matthias , Sassi Celeste
Published: June 2024

Familial Parkinson’s disease (PD) and vascular parkinsonism (VP) overlap in their clinical, neuroradiologic and neuropathologic features. To investigate whether PD and VP may share a pathogenic link, we used the modified Scheltens scale and assessed the classic neuroradiological features of cerebral small vessel disease in the axial T2 MRI flair sequences in a cohort of 58 familial PD patients, 46 familial PD prodromal patients and 48 age-matched controls from the PPMI publicly available database. We next examined the protein coding variability in the main PD-causing genes and genetic risk factors in a cohort of 96 patients with familial cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) and 243 elderly healthy individuals from the HEX database. Patients with familial and prodromal PD have a moderate but still significant burden of superficial white matter hyperintensities compared to age-matched controls (Wilcox Test p-value = 4.335e-07, OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.8–9.23), with moderate motor impairment and minimal and non-pathological cognitive decline (UPDRS and MoCa up to 25 and 26,respectively). In contrast, 100% of patients carrying SNCA p.A53T and 25% of patients carrying LRRK2 p.G2019S, p.R1441C or GBA p.N409S, p.E365K and p.L483P had moderate to very severe dementia (average MoCa Score = 21) and mild motor impairment (mean UPDRS III score = 20) and only very modest white matter lesions. Finally, we report no known pathogenic coding variant in the PD genes studied in cSVD patients. Our study shows that familial PD and small vessel disease likely have distinct not necessarily mutually exclusive, pathogenic mechanisms.
Telehealth to increase healthcare access; perspectives of people who use drugs
Authors: Papalamprakopoulou Zoi , Ntagianta Elisavet , Triantafyllou Vasiliki , Kalamitsis George , Dharia Arpan , Dickerson Suzanne S. , Hatzakis Angelos , Talal Andrew H.
Published: June 2024

Background: People who use drugs (PWUD) often face restricted healthcare access despite their heightened healthcare needs. Factors such as stigma, mistrust of the healthcare system, competing priorities, and geographical barriers pose significant challenges to accessing healthcare services for PWUD. Telehealth offers an innovative solution to expand healthcare access for better inclusion of underserved populations in healthcare. We aimed to explore PWUDs’ perceptions of telehealth as a healthcare delivery modality.
Methods: We utilized purposive sampling to recruit participants (N = 57) for nine focus group discussions (FGDs) in Athens, Greece. Eligibility criteria required participants to be at least 18 years old, with a history of injection drug use, and current internet access. The FGDs followed a semi-structured interview guide, were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and de-identified. We applied thematic analysis to analyze FGD transcripts.
Results: Participants’ mean (standard deviation) age was 47.9 (8.9) years, 89.5% (51/57) were male, 91.2% (52/57) were of Greek origin, and 61.4% (35/57) had attended at least 10 years of school. Three main themes emerged from the FGDs: (1) high internet utilization for healthcare-related purposes among PWUD, (2) highlighting telehealth benefits despite access obstacles and PWUDs’ concerns about diagnostic accuracy, and (3) approaches to overcome access obstacles and build digital trust. Participants extensively used the internet for healthcare-related processes such as accessing healthcare information and scheduling provider appointments. Despite being telehealth-inexperienced, most participants expressed a strong willingness to embrace telehealth due to its perceived convenience, time-saving nature, and trusted digital environment. Some participants perceived the inability to conduct a physical examination during telehealth encounters as limiting its diagnostic accuracy, while others expressed concerns about digital literacy and technological infrastructure accessibility. To build trust in telehealth and promote patient-centeredness, participants recommended an initial in-person visit, virtual eye contact during telehealth encounters, patient education, and partnerships with PWUD-supportive community organizations equipped with appropriate infrastructure.
Conclusions: PWUD frequently use the internet for health-related purposes and suggested several approaches to enhance virtual trust. Their insights and suggestions are practical guidance for policymakers seeking to enhance healthcare access for underserved populations through telehealth.
Clintrials.gov registration number: NCT05794984
Research on multiparameter state monitoring of boring process
Authors: Liu Qiang , Shen Bin , Ma Jing , Zhang Haijun , Liu Jiaqi , Tang Haoran
Published: June 2024

Aiming at the problem that the working state of the boring bar cannot be observed in the closed environment during deep hole boring processing, this study designs a multiparameter state monitoring system for the boring bar in the cutting process. The main idea of this monitoring system is to use the piezoelectric effect of the strain gauge in the sensor to measure the change of the voltage, and to obtain the three-way cutting force, the tooltip displacement, the vibration velocity, and the vibration acceleration through the voltage. To realize the online monitoring of multiparameter state in the cutting process, the stress model of the boring bar is established, and the stress analysis is carried out. The overall structure of the online monitoring system is established, and then the various parameters obtained by voltage are analyzed and calculated. The experimental platform of multiparameter state monitoring of the boring bar is built. The monitoring results of the multiparameter state monitoring system and commercial measurement system in the cutting process are compared by boring experiments. The results show that the error of three-dimensional cutting force and vibration acceleration is within 10%, and the error of tooltip displacement fluctuates around 15%, which verifies the feasibility of the monitoring system in the boring process.
Comparison of the clinical outcomes of unilateral biportal endoscopy versus minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases with single- or two-segments
Authors: Zhao Liping , Zhang Yi , Cao Ze , Song Jincheng , Chen Guozhao , Wang Liming , Sha Weiping
Published: June 2024

Objectives
Unilateral biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (UBE-TLIF) is a new minimally invasive technique for intervertebral fusion under full endoscopy. We conducted a comprehensive comparative analysis with another minimally invasive technique (minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, Mis-TLIF) in terms of surgical trauma, clinical outcomes, laboratory indicators.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of clinical and imaging data of 77 patients with lumbar degenerative illnesses(37 underwent UBE-TLIF, 40 underwent Mis-TLIF) was performed. Demographic data, clinical outcomes [visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)], operative data (total operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, length of hospital stay), and laboratory results [plasma hemoglobin (HB), serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and C-reactive protein (CRP) ] were compared between the two groups, The Macnab score, fusion rate and fusion time, and complications were also recorded.
Results
Both groups experienced significant improvements in VAS for back and leg pain and ODI scores after surgery (P < 0.05). The VAS-Back and ODI scores were significantly better in the UBE-TLIF group than in the Mis-TLIF group at 1 week and 1 month after surgery (P < 0.05). Although the total operation time was significantly longer in the UBE-TLIF group (P < 0.01), the intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage and decrease in hemoglobin level were significantly higher in the Mis-TLIF group (P < 0.01). A difference was observed in the fusion time (P < 0.05). There were no between-group differences for the fusion rate, postoperative complications, excellent and good rates and hospital stay (P > 0.05). Serum CRP and CPK levels were considerably lower in the UBE-TLIF group than in the MIS-TLIF group after surgery (P < 0.01).
Conclusions
Both UBE-TLIF and Mis-TLIF have equivalent and favorable clinical outcomes. UBE-TLIF is better in reducing surgical bleeding and rapidly improving postoperative back pain.
Prognostic Significance of Muscle Mass in Colorectal Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Cancer Center in the Middle East: A CT Scan-Based Analysis
Authors: Abaza Haneen , Taqash Ayat , Shattal Mohammad Abu- , Abuhijla Fawzi , Abdel-Khaleq Hadeel , Awadallah Omar , Al-Ja’fari Khaled , Al-Ja’fari Zaid , Al-Omari Amal
Published: June 2024

Recent reports have shown that pre-treatment low muscle mass may lead to poorer outcomes for cancer patients. We explored the correlation between Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT), Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue (SAT), and Muscle Mass (MM) as measured by CT scans, and overall survival (OS) following diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We conducted a retrospective review of medical records and CT scans of patients diagnosed with CRC between 2007–2018. Demographics, pathology, and clinical parameters were collected. Using Image-J software, we measured VAT, SAT, and MM. Survival rates were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves, and prognostic factors were assessed using multivariate Cox regression. Analysis included 408 patients with a mean age of 56.9 years and a median follow-up of 93.3 months. Colon and rectum/rectosigmoid colon cancers were equally distributed. The 5-year OS rate was 67.8%. There was no significant difference in OS rates based on SAT or VAT. However, higher MM was associated with a improved 5-year OS rate. Factors such as age, stage, grade, and surgery were also associated to OS rates. These findings suggest that higher muscle mass may lead to better outcomes for CRC patients, highlighting the potential impact of exercise and nutritional interventions on patient outcomes.
The Effects of Active Video Games on Psychology among Overweight and Obese Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mai Yiqiang , Soh Kim Geok , Saad Hazizi Abu , Deng Nuannuan , Wang Qiang
Published: June 2024

Purpose
This systematic review aimed to analyse the effects of active video games (AVGs) on psychology among overweight and obese adolescents.
Method
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement guidelines were used to search the PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCOhost (SPORTDiscus), and Web of Science databases for studies published in the last 10 years (2013–2023). Keywords related to psychology, being overweight or obese, and adolescents were used. From the 713 studies, 10 fulfilled all eligibility criteria and were included in this review.
Results
The study results revealed that AVGs could positively impact the psychological well-being. However, due to different experimental designs, experimental environments, experimental objectives, and game consoles, the results of self-efficacy, social and peer support, and self-esteem are still conflicting. Additionally, due to measurement issues, quality of life has not yielded a positive effect.
Conclusion
Future research should standardise methods and look into the underlying mechanisms to come up with personalised plans for improving the psychology of overweight and obese adolescents who are involved in AVG interventions as part of health promotion programmes.
Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver in children: our experience in four difficult cases and three-dimensional practical exploration
Authors: Xiu Wenli , Li Tong , Liu Jie , Zhang Jingli , Wang Jingmiao , Wang Feifei , Zhu Rongkun , Xia Nan , Chen Xin , Dong Qian
Published: June 2024

Aims
To explore the rare and difficult cases of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) in children in a single center, summarize the diagnosis and treatment experience and analyze the role of the computer-assisted surgery system (Hisense CAS), providing a new global vision and three-dimensional perspective.
Methods
We retrospectively collected the clinical data, diagnosis, and treatment process of children with UESL confirmed by histopathological examination in our hospital from January 2009 to December 2020. The relationship between the tumor and important blood vessels, liver and tumor volume, as well as other three-dimensional characteristics in the three-dimensional model reconstructed by Hisense CAS were analyzed. The findings from this analysis help in making surgical decisions and preoperative planning.
Results
Four children with UESL were included in the study, comprising of 3 girls and 1 boy. The age of onset ranged from 6 to 8 years. All four children presented with symptoms of abdominal discomfort, and abdominal masses were detected during physical examination. Due to the urgent wishes of their parents and the possibility of a benign disease, all four children underwent one-stage radical surgery. In Case 1, three-dimensional reconstruction was not performed during the initial diagnosis, which made it challenging to accurately evaluate and plan the preoperative procedure. Case 2 presented additional challenges as the tumor was located in the middle lobe of the liver and involved the first and second hepatic hilum. Case 3 faced difficulties in the pathological diagnosis of the tumor after surgery, but eventually, the diagnosis was confirmed through histochemistry and consultation with higher-level hospitals. Case 4 had a gaint tumor, and the preoperative simulated future liver remnant volume (FLV) accounted for 21.0% of the total volume of liver and tumor (TLTV). According to the standard liver volume (SLV) for children, the FLV accounted for 77.0% of the SLV, making surgery feasible. Although all four children underwent complete resection, Case 4 experienced recurrence below the diaphragm 19 months after surgery. Currently, the 3-year overall survival rate stands at 100%.
Conclusion
UESL in children is clinically rare, and the key to diagnosis and treatment lies in complete surgical resection. By utilizing individualized three-dimensional surgical planning, accurate and complete resection of difficult and complex UESL cases in children can be achieved, leading to a favorable prognosis.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Abrasive Water Jet Internal Channel Surfaces
Authors: Liu Jinjin , Hou Yanhao , Wang Zhanshuang , Wu Yizhou , Wang Yajun , Liu Weiwei
Published: June 2024

To address the issues of surface roughness and spheroidization in the internal channels of additively manufactured high-temperature alloys with a large aspect ratio, a study on abrasive water jet polishing using synthetic silicon carbide was conducted. A full factorial experimental design was employed to explore the effects of three sets of process parameters: polishing pressure, abrasive concentration, and polishing time, on the quality of the channel surfaces. Additionally, the finishing effects of two different abrasive grain sizes under these parameters were compared. A generalized factorial regression model was constructed, which indicated that the significant factors affecting the surface quality of the channels were, in order, pressure, concentration, and time. An analysis of the process parameters and measurement data was carried out, determining the optimal polishing parameters for the internal channels. The surface characteristics of the runners were analyzed using surface morphology. The experiments clearly enhanced the finishing and surface quality of internal runners in additively manufactured high-temperature alloys, effectively solving the problem of spheroidization that occurs during the printing process of additive metal components.
Association of Physical Activity with Risk of Dementia in Geriatric Depression Patients
Authors: Kim Jinhyun , Kim Hyunkyu , Park Eun-Cheol , Ha Min Jin
Published: June 2024

Background
Dementia prevention has emerged as a critical health concern. Nevertheless, the association between long-term physical activity and risk of dementia remains inconclusive, especially among geriatric patients with depression. We aimed to explore the association between long-term physical activity, following the diagnosis of geriatric depression, and risk of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and Lewy body dementia.
Methods
This was a nested case-control study. The participants were aged ≥ 60 years, diagnosed with geriatric depression, and had attended outpatient clinics at least three times. Data were obtained from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-Elderly Sample Cohort (January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2019). Each case was matched with up to five controls based on age, sex, date of depression diagnosis, and duration of follow-up. Long-term physical activity was assessed using two methods: adherence to World Health Organization recommendations and the total amount of physical activity measured in metabolic equivalents of task (MET)-min per week.
Results
A total of 12,022 participants, including 2,121 patients (17.6%) and 9,901 controls (82.4%), met the inclusion criteria. The mean follow-up period was 4.96 years. Among physically active individuals who adhered to WHO recommendations, a significantly reduced risk of dementia was observed. Additionally, a dose-dependent decline in the risk of dementia was observed. Analyses based on MET-min/week revealed a significantly lower risk in the top quartile, with a dose-dependent reduction. In subgroup analyses, a higher risk of dementia with a dose-dependent decrease was observed in men, individuals aged 70–79, and antidepressant users.
Conclusions
This study highlights an association between engaging in physical activity and a decreased risk of dementia in individuals newly diagnosed with geriatric depression. Consequently, encouraging geriatric patients with depression to participate in physical activity to prevent dementia is important.
Spatial and Temporal Water Demand Variabilities in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Feleke Mesfin Mitiku Mitiku , Feleke Mesfin Mitiku Mitiku , Gebrehiwot Solomon Gebreyohannis , Zeleke Gete , Agumassie Tena Alamirew , Dejen Zeleke Agide , Asfaw Tilahun Derib
Published: June 2024

Awash River is one of the exhaustively utilized and economically viable basin in Ethiopia. The river basin is classified into six planning areas namely Upper Awash, Halidhege, Awash Awash, Adaytu, Terminal and Eastern parts. This study investigates the spatial and temporal variability of available water in the River Basin using the WEAP model. Future scenarios are based on pre-determined government plans, utilizing climate data from 1977 to 2020 and discharge from 1999 to 2020. The focus is on six planning areas within the Awash River Basin. Results reveal a severe water shortage in the Upper Awash planning area, a vibrant economic hub in the country. While the proposed Dam at Melka Kunture may mitigate the gap by 2030, additional water supply options are needed to address projected gaps of -236.7 MCM in 2030 and − 712 MCM in 2080. The possible mitigation plan includes water storage infrastructures such as constructing reservoirs, implementing water harvesting structures, and utilizing groundwater resources. While the Halidhege planning area requires special attention, lacking proposed dams or studied water supply options. Water gaps are projected to be -53 MCM in 2050 and − 761.2 MCM in 2080. Potential solutions involve small-scale water harvesting, reservoir construction, and groundwater utilization. The Eastern Planning area, covering the largest portion of the Awash Basin, faces water shortages throughout the study periods. Minimal rainfall and elevated temperatures exacerbate the strain on limited water resources. Projected water gaps are − 112.1 MCM, -79.4 MCM, and − 297.6 MCM in 2030, 2050, and 2080, respectively. The study emphasizes the importance of additional water supply options, such as immediate water harvesting structures, long-term reservoirs, and appropriate groundwater utilization, to bridge the projected water gaps and ensure sustainable development in the Basin.
Assessing spatial and temporal trends over time in potential species richness using satellite time-series and ecological niche models
Authors: Garcia Nuno , Campos João C. , Alírio João , Duarte Lia B. , Arenas-Castro Salvador , Pôças Isabel , Teodoro Ana C. , Sillero Neftalí
Published: June 2024

Assessing biodiversity in protected areas is crucial. However, conventional methods for estimating species richness can lead to inaccurate assessments of biodiversity in these regions. To address this, we present a complementary approach to assess potential species richness at a finer resolution (1 km) in the special conservation area of Montesinho/Nogueira (SAC-MN; Portugal), based on a spatial and temporal estimates of species richness trends over time (2001–2021). We compiled 10,190 species occurrence records from four taxonomic groups: amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. We created correlative ecological niche models (MaxEnt) with a time series of satellite-remote sensing variables (SRS-ENMs) using solely Google Earth Engine (GEE). We calculated annual potential species richness (PSR) maps by stacking the SRS-ENMs and identified positive and negative trends with the Mann-Kendall test. Individual species’ SRS-ENMs indicated distinct habitat suitability within SAC-MN over time. The eastern and western boundaries of SAC-MN revealed an increase in PSR, while the central area indicated PSR declines. Each group displayed different trends in PSR: birds and mammals were more similar between them than amphibians and reptiles. This approach serves as a valuable instrument for ecologists and conservationists, assisting in evaluating PSR and trends over time using remote sensing. Furthermore, it provides meaningful insights for subsequent analysis in order to inform decision-makers and other stakeholders to enhance local biodiversity conservation efforts.