bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hualde deitura, hidronimia eta paisaiaren elementuen kokapena Euskal Herriaren ekialdeko mugetan
Authors: Lopez-Mugartza Juan Karlos
Published: January 2025

Hualde abizena gure herri eta ibar anitzetan hedatuta dago, baina aldaera eta grafia ezberdinekin Euskal Herriko ipar-ekialdeko mugetan sarriago gertatzen da. Abizenaren azterketatik abiatuta, Pirinioen bi aldeetako aldaerak ikertu dira eta berau osatzen duten osagaiak aztertu ere bai; alde batetik, ur oinarritik eratorritako hidronimoak, eta, bestetik, ‑alde posposizioaz eraikitakoak. Era berean, beste hidronimo batzuk eta Euskal Onomastikan ohikoak diren beste posposizio batzuk ere aztertu dira; izan ere, postposizioen bidea izan da euskarak aukeratu duena hizkuntza erromanikoetan preposizio-lokuzioen bidez islatzen duten adierazteko. Honela, leku-posposizioei esker, etxearen, abizenaren edo toponimoaren kokapen zehatza jakin daiteke, bai eta zehatz adierazi ere berak modifikatzen duen izen elkarketaren lehenengo osagaiak zein leku hartzen duen paisaian. Artikuluan zehar, batez ere Erronkarin (Nafarroa) eta mugakide diren Larraine eta Santa Grazi herrietan (Basabürüa, Zuberoa) aurkitutako hidronimoak aztertzen dira, eta, neurri txikiagoan, Zaraitzun (Nafarroa), Baretos eta Aspe ibarretan (Biarno) eta Anso ibarrean (Aragoi) aurkitutakoak. Era berean, -alde konposizio-elementuaren multzo semantikoaren azterketak agerian uzten du euskararen aberastasun postpositiboa, argi eta garbi erakusten baitu Pirinioen bi aldeen artean dagoen continuum-a. Izan ere, oso kasu bakanetan soilik ez dago bi aldeetan toponimorik edo abizenik partekatua ez denik, leku ezberdinetara egokitutako lerradurekin bada ere; badira, hain zuzen ere, haren jatorria definitzen duten ezaugarri morfologiko edo fonetiko bereziak, baina, azken batean, enbor komun beraren aldaera huts gisa ere argi eta garbi aitortzen direnak, garai, batean bi komunitateen arteko harremana oso estua izan zela erakusten dutenak, Pirinioetako mendiak muga gaindiezin ez, baizik elkargune zirela, auzo-komunitate bat bera ere osatzeraino.
Mugurutza, Gorrotxategi eta beste etimologia zenbait: eskuinak ez dakar zorionik
Authors: Manterola Julen
Published: January 2025

Mugurutza eta Gorrotxategi deituren lehen osagaia mukuru eta gurutze hitzekin lotu zituen Mitxelenak. Artikulu honek bestelako azalpen etimologiko bat ematen die abizenoi, Mugaburu eta gorri izenekin lotuz, hurrenez hurren. Irulegiko Eskuko testuaren euskararen bidezko interpretazioa ebaluatzen dute ondoko atalek: horretarako, Lekuine herri-izenaren eta eskuin izen arruntaren xehetasun etimologikoak argitzen dira; helburua da on adjektiboarekin lexikalizatuta dauden sintagmen historia xehea egitea, zorion-enarekin erkatzeko. Metodo konparatiboa gogora ekartzen da horrela, kasu honetan hizkuntza beraren barruko garai ezberdinetako elementuak konparatuz; latin-erromantzezko adibide batek osatzen du azalpena. Ondorioa da ez dagoela aski oinarririk duela 2.100 urteko idazkuneko sorion segmentu segida euskarazko zorion sintagmarekin berdintzeko, eta, datu gehigarririk izan ezean, haien itxurazko antza pareidolia linguistiko huts bati zor zaiola.
Sobre la cantidad silábica y su importancia para el estudio de la evolución histórica del acento no verbal en la transición del latín al español
Authors: Martínez-Gil Fernando
Published: January 2025

La evolución histórica del acento está entre los temas más desatendidos del estudio diacrónico del español. Según la hipótesis tradicional, la pérdida de las distinciones fonémicas cuantitativas en el latín vulgar marcó la desactivación de la sensibilidad a la cantidad silábica en el proto-romance hispánico. Que la presunta pérdida de correlación entre el locus del acento y la cantidad silábica, reformulada como un acento fonémico en la lengua moderna, es ficticia, lo demuestra la predictibilidad de la pauta no marcada: el acento cae en una sílaba final pesada; de otro modo, cae en la penúltima. Este trabajo tiene dos metas principales: a) presentar evidencia diacrónica de que la cantidad silábica ha estado activa en toda la evolución histórica del español; y b) demostrar que la interdependencia entre el peso de la penúltima sílaba y el locus del acento, ya presente en latín, continuó siendo un factor determinante en la asignación del acento no verbal desde el período formativo hasta la apocope medieval, en que el acento oxítono quedó condicionado por una sílaba final pesada, estableciéndose así la pauta característica del acento nominal no marcado en el español actual.
The explananda in North Germanic Tonogenesis
Authors: Riad Tomas
Published: January 2025

The article discusses two explananda relating to tonogenesis in North Germanic: A) the origin of a tonal representation, B) the origin of a lexical distinction. Tradition has largely focused on B before A. I elucidate the assumptions of B > A hypothesis and argue that it fails to properly address the phonologization of lexical tones. The alternative hypothesis, A > B, primarily looks to account for the phonologization of lexical tone (i.e., A). The mechanism assumed is the same as is active today: reduction of secondary stress in the word-internal clash context with attendant reanalysis of a postlexical tone as lexical. A prosodic post-lexical rule – present in all dialects today – assigns the word tone of accent 2, which subsequently becomes lexicalized in a morpheme by morpheme manner. The developments of a postposed definite article and epenthetic vowels, processes that are always mentioned as instrumental in demonstrating the lexical distinction (B) do not directly bear on tonogenesis as such. The result is that A is the first explanandum.
El euskera en un manuscrito del roncalés Juan Martín y Hualde (s. XVII)
Authors: Santazilia Ekaitz
Published: January 2025

La historia del valle de Roncal manuscrita por el roncalés Juan Martín y Hualde en el año 1630 es, francamente, poco conocida. En el ámbito de la lengua vasca, ofrece una valiosa información sobre algunas formas dialectales, sobre el prestigio de algunas variedades, sobre la predicación en euskera, y sobre la situación sociolingüística. Además, trata el tema del origen y extensión de dicha lengua, en un tono apologético típico de la época. Sin embargo, defiende la pureza del euskera roncalés desde una visión goticista infrecuente entre los apologistas de la lengua vasca. En este trabajo comento todos estos aspectos, además de ahondar en la biografía del autor.
Inprentaren historiaren beharra grafiaren historia berreraikitzeko: lehen hurbilpena
Authors: Ulibarri Koldo
Published: January 2025

Euskal grafiaren azterketa orokor bat egiteko, inprenten aldagaia kontuan hartzearen garrantzia aldarrikatu nahi dugu artikulu honetan. Horretarako, horren justifikazioa egingo dugu (§ 1), bai eta grafiaren azterketari inprenten alderditik ekiteko proposamen bat ekarri ere (§ 2): lapurtera klasikoaren garaian argitaraturiko testuen azterketa bat proposatu nahi dugu eta, horretarako, garai eta eremu hartako liburuen edizio (ezagun) guztiak ekarriko ditugu zerrendaturik, bakoitzaren inprenta zehazturik (§ 3). Azkenik, inprentaren eta grafiaren arteko loturak adibideekin ikusiko ditugu: Bordeleko Millanges eta de la Court inprimatzaileen tailerretatik ateratako testuen arteko ezberdintasun grafikoak ikusiko ditugu (§ 4).
History in the making: Voicing alternation as stop lenition via an automatic analysis of large-scale corpora in French and Spanish
Authors: Wu Yaru , Chitoran Ioana , Vasilescu Ioana , Adda-Decker Martine , Lamel Lori
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on voicing alternation in French and Spanish stops, i.e. canonically voiceless /ptk/ realized as voiced [bdg] or canonically voiced /bdg/ realized as voiceless [ptk]. Forced alignment with voicing variants was used to annotate large speech corpora in French and in Spanish. The following factors of variation were examined: position in the word, preceding and following context, duration of the stop and that of surrounding phones, speech rate, part of speech, and the weight of these factors on voicing alternation. The voicing nature of the stops (whether the stop is phonologically voiceless /ptk/ or voiced /bdg/) turns out to be the factor that contributes the most to the prediction of voicing alternations among all investigated factors for Spanish, according to the random forest model. Whereas for French, the same factor comes after contextual and acoustic factors in the ranking. These results suggest that stop voicing patterns differently in these two Romance languages, although they both have a similar voiced-voiceless phonological contrast.
Fecal Calprotectin Correlates With Disease Extent but Remains a Reliable Marker of Mucosal Healing in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Steinsbø Øyvind , Aasprong Ole Gunnar , Aabakken Lars , Karlsen Lars Normann , Grimstad Tore
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:

Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a marker of mucosal inflammatory activity in ulcerative colitis (UC). FC levels may also be influenced by the extent of disease. We aimed to examine the relationships between FC, mucosal activity, and disease extent and to assess how disease extent affects the diagnostic accuracy of FC.

METHODS:

We conducted a single-center observational study of patients with UC. Mucosal inflammatory activity was rated by the Mayo Endoscopic Score (MES) and Nancy Histological Index (NHI). The endoscopic and histological extents of disease were categorized by the Montreal classification and colorectal distribution of histologically active inflammation (NHI ≥ 2), respectively. FC was measured by EliA Calprotectin Enzyme fluoroimmunoassay (Phadia).

RESULTS:

A total of 518 visits by 254 patients were analyzed. In endoscopically active UC (MES ≥ 2), FC levels were significantly lower in proctitis (440 [interquartile range (IQR) 175–1,350] mg/kg) as compared with left-sided colitis (840 [IQR 298–2,011] mg/kg, P = 0.048) or pancolitis (1,690 [IQR 723–2,582] mg/kg, P = 0.00005). In MES ≤1, FC levels were significantly higher in pancolitis (85 [IQR 43–350] mg/kg) as compared with proctitis (24 [IQR 15–116] mg/kg, P = 0.00032) or left-sided colitis (40 [IQR 15–160] mg/kg, P = 0.012). However, FC remained a reliable marker of mucosal healing across all disease extents, with area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve ranging from 0.878 to 0.915, and no significant differences between the extent categories (DeLong test, P ≥ 0.2919).

DISCUSSION:

FC showed a significant association with disease extent yet remained a reliable surrogate marker for mucosal healing across all disease extents.
Book review of: Fuhrhop, Daniel (2023): Der unsichtbare Wohnraum. Wohnsuffizienz als Antwort auf Wohnraummangel, Klimakrise und Einsamkeit
Authors: Spellerberg Annette
Published: January 2025

Buchrezension.
Microcontroller-based solar tunnel dryer for sustainable drying in Northeast India
Authors: Singh H D , Singh N , Singh H J , Bidyalakshmi T , Ajaykumar K , Chakraborty D , Sethy B K
Published: January 2025

The growing world population necessitated enhanced food availability and reduced waste. Drying has been a popular technique for extending food storage for a long time since it minimizes volume and lowers moisture and enzymatic activity, reducing food loss. This project sought to create a microcontroller-driven solar tunnel dryer designed for the prevalent rainfall and elevated humidity conditions in Northeast India. The designed solar tunnel dryer is equipped with two DHT22 sensors that assess ambient humidity inside and outside the dryer, deciding whether to let airflow with the environment or isolate it. It controls fan operation based on real-time monitoring. The dryer has 12 trays on a six-tray structure that holds 100 kg of sliced turmeric in every batch. An additional tray with a load cell was provided to record turmeric weight during drying. Without any load, the maximum internal temperature exceeded the outside by 27.1°C, while the minimum internal humidity was 30% lower than external values. The turmeric was dried from an initial moisture content of 71.62% to less than 10% (wet basis) over 101 hours and 40 minutes (5 days) with 28.63 effective bright sunshine hours. The developed solar tunnel dryer's average efficiency was 19.20%, demonstrating its ability to dry turmeric in Meghalaya, India.
Dielectric metasurface-assisted terahertz sensing: mechanism, fabrication, and multiscenario applications
Authors: Chen Xueer , Xin Shanshan , Liu Qing , Meng Yihan , Yu Daquan , Tseng Ming Lun , Ye Longfang
Published: January 2025

Terahertz (THz) technology has attracted significant global interest, particularly in sensing applications, due to its nonionizing feature and sensitivity to weak interactions. Recently, owing to the advantages of low optical loss and the capability to support both electric and magnetic high-quality factor (high-Q) resonances, dielectric metasurfaces have emerged as a powerful platform for multiscenario terahertz sensing applications. This review summarizes recent advancements in dielectric metasurface-assisted THz sensing. We begin with an overview of the mechanisms and properties of dielectric metasurfaces with high-Q factors. Next, we discuss typical fabrication techniques for these terahertz dielectric metasurfaces. We then explore the diverse terahertz sensing applications across various scenarios, including biomolecule sensing, biomedical detection, environmental monitoring, and chiral sensing. Finally, we provide perspectives on the future development of this promising research field.
Metalens formed by structured arrays of atomic emitters
Authors: Andreoli Francesco , Mann Charlie-Ray , High Alexander A. , Chang Darrick E.
Published: January 2025

Arrays of atomic emitters have proven to be a promising platform to manipulate and engineer optical properties, due to their efficient cooperative response to near-resonant light. Here, we theoretically investigate their use as an efficient metalens. We show that, by spatially tailoring the (subwavelength) lattice constants of three consecutive two-dimensional arrays of identical atomic emitters, one can realize a large transmission coefficient with arbitrary position-dependent phase shift, whose robustness against losses is enhanced by the collective response. To characterize the efficiency of this atomic metalens, we perform large-scale numerical simulations involving a substantial number of atoms (N ∼ 5 × 105) that is considerably larger than comparable works. Our results suggest that low-loss, robust optical devices with complex functionalities, ranging from metasurfaces to computer-generated holograms, could be potentially assembled from properly engineered arrays of atomic emitters.
Unlocking the Potential of Receptor-Based Approaches in Diabetes Treatment
Authors: Patwekar Mohsina , Patwekar Faheem , Kumar J. Pavan , Prasad P. Dharani , Malik Nazia , Badarinath A. Venkata , Parupathi Prashanth , Reddy Konatham Teja Kumar , Elumalai Selvaraja , Ab Samad Zainul Abedeen
Published: January 2025

Diabetes, a common metabolic condition, poses a substantial health burden worldwide. To revolutionize diabetes management, enhance glycemic control, and decrease the risk of complications, recent research has revealed innovative targets and therapeutic options. A thorough examination of modern drugs that target particular receptors and metabolic pathways for glucose and fat metabolism is presented. Recent research has revealed innovative targets and therapeutic options. Liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, has been shown to effectively lower glucagon levels and promote weight loss. Empagliflozin is a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with substantial promise in decreasing blood glucose levels, and providing cardiovascular and renal advantages. Pegbelfermin (BMS-986036), a fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analogue, is being investigated for its ability to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, and potentially enhance glycemic control and lipid profiles. Additionally, G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators are emerging as potential medicines to improve insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, and insulin signaling pathways. Despite being in early research stages, bile acid receptor agonists and mitochondrial uncouplers have promising potential for modifying lipid and glucose metabolism. The long-acting insulin analogue insulin glargine, which replaces basal insulin, continues to be a cornerstone of advanced diabetes management. In the future, these medications are expected to be improved through the use of combination therapy and personalized, precision medicine. Gene therapies show promise as novel strategies to address genetic defects and provide potential treatments. Additionally, patient monitoring, adherence, and self-management will be greatly aided by the integration of digital health technology, telemedicine, and artificial intelligence (AI), thus leading to better treatment outcomes and patient quality of life. Healthcare professionals, researchers, politicians, and patients working together will pave the way to substantial improvements in the management of metabolic disorders including diabetes. In conclusion, hope for more efficient, individualized, and secure therapies may come from continuing research and breakthroughs in novel diabetes treatment targets. These developments are at the forefront of offering people with diabetes and related metabolic disorders a better and healthier future, by revolutionizing diabetes management.
López Obrador’s Transformation of Mexican Democracy
Authors: Beck Humberto
Published: January 2025

In his six years as president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador claimed to be bringing genuine democracy to Mexico. Although his anti-poverty programs proved effective, his transformation of the political system diminished pluralism while building up the dominance of his Morena party, which he continues to lead since leaving office. He also gave the military an expanded role in domestic tasks such as internal security and infrastructure management, creating a new civil-military model of governance. Meanwhile, organized crime groups were left largely unchecked, effectively co-governing large swaths of the country.
Nicaraguan Exiles and the Urbanization of Refuge in Costa Rica
Authors: Alvarado Nikolai A.
Published: January 2025

This essay examines how the 2018 Nicaraguan refugee crisis in Costa Rica reveals the tension between state-centered refugee frameworks and the actual production of refuge in urban spaces. In Costa Rica, refuge operates as a socio-spatial process rather than merely a legal status. The analysis contextualizes contemporary nationalism and xenophobia within Costa Rica’s historical construction of racial exceptionalism. It also shows how marginalized urban spaces function as critical infrastructures of care and possibility for displaced Nicaraguans populations.
Instrument Timbre Combinations Influence the Relative Prominence of Perceptual Layers in Orchestral Music
Authors: Fischer Manda , McAdams Stephen
Published: January 2025

The stratification of layers of differing prominence (foreground/background) is a common technique in orchestration. Musicians heard 23 excerpts containing foreground and background layers as previously determined by music analysts. A given layer comprised either a single auditory stream of one or more blended instruments or a harmonic or rhythmic background. Two-layer excerpts had either the same, overlapping, or different instrument families (timbre class). First, musicians rated the perceived degree of segregation of musical materials in two-layer and single-stream excerpts. Second, they heard each of the two layers in isolation and then together and rated the relative prominence of the layers. Heterogeneous instrument combinations yielded the greatest difference in relative prominence, followed by overlapping and then homogeneous combinations. Acoustic and score-based descriptors were extracted to quantify their relative contribution to perceptual stratification. Timbre class and between-layer differences in timbre and dynamics played a role, providing evidence of how timbral differences enhance relative prominence in orchestral music. Perceptual segregation was positively but very weakly related to relative prominence, supporting findings that although segregation is necessary to form layers, this mechanism is separable from that which places the streams into the same representational space to allow for the assessment of their relative prominence.
EXPANSION OF NAGARI-NAGARI IN WEST PASAMAN REGENCY 2017-2023
Authors: Nahdatun Nisa Mubai  , Dede Sri Kartini  , Novie Indrawati Sagita
Published: January 2025

The regional expansion policy is the most popular policy, including in nagari in West Pasaman Regency. The expansion of nagari-nagari which took place in West Pasaman Regency in 2017-2023 was seen from three points of view which included: normative perspective, perspective of encouraging oneself to compete and rational perspective. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through literature study and, observation, documentation and interviews with informants from the West Pasaman Regency Community and Nagari Empowerment Service, the West Pasaman Regency Nagari Muaro Government, and the Nagari Ranah Koto Tinggi Government and figures. people from each nagari. Data analysis techniques are carried out through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, data verification, drawing conclusions. The research results show that specifically these conclusions can be explained in three perspectives as follows: The normative perspective emphasizes the importance of expanding nagari in accordance with the applicable legal and policy framework. The expansion process in West Pasaman has fulfilled a number of expansion requirements that have been determined, although there are still several problems related to regulations that are not implemented. The Competition Perspective states that regional expansion provides equal opportunities for each region to compete in managing natural resources to spur economic growth. In this perspective, the process of creating autonomy that encourages nagari competition is hampered by the long process of selecting mayors. The Rational Perspective in the context of implementing nagari expansion offers a measurable approach by considering objective analysis. This includes research to understand the impact of expansion on society. From a rational perspective, not everything has been implemented.
The Influence of Work-life Balance and Perceived Organizational Support on Organizational Citizenship Behavior with Organizational Commitment as A Mediating Variable
Authors: Herni Justiana Astuti  , Luthfi Arie Widzayanto  , Eko Hariyanto  , Fatmah Bagis
Published: January 2025

This study examines the effect of work-life balance and perceived organizational support on the Organizational Citizenship Behavior of nurses at RSI Muhammadiyah Tegal with organizational commitment as a mediator. This quantitative study uses primary data taken by distributing questionnaires via Google Forms. The population of this study was 231 nurses using purposive sampling techniques with the criteria of permanent nurses and a minimum work period of 1 year. Respondents who met the criteria numbered 155 people with a response rate of 116 people or 74.8 of the total population that met the criteria. The analysis tool used in this study was SEM-PLS 3. The findings of the study indicate that work-life balance and organizational commitment have a positive effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior, inversely proportional to perceived organizational support which does not affect Organizational Citizenship Behavior, as well asorganizational commitment mediate the influence of work-life balance and perceived organizational support on Organizational Citizenship Behavior.
Evaluación comparativa del efecto antimicrobiano inmediato y residual de enjuagues bucales sobre biopelículas asociadas a caries dental
Authors: Ramírez-Rueda Román Yesid , García Robayo Dabeiba Adriana , Gamboa Fredy
Published: January 2025

Introducción: la caries dental está asociada a disbiosis de la biopelícula dental. Una de las formas más efectivas de prevenirla o controlarla es el uso de enjuagues bucales. Sin embargo, en el mercado hay una gran diversidad de estos productos, y son pocos los estudios en donde se determine su actividad antimicrobiana en biopelículas. Objetivo: evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de 4 enjuagues bucales comerciales contra 4 microorganismos en un modelo de biopelícula in vitro sobre discos de HAp. Método: los microorganismos incluidos fueron S. mutans ATCC 35668, S. salivarius ATCC 13419, S. sanguinis ATCC 10556 y C. albicans ATCC 14053. Se desarrollaron biopelículas (en formato individual y en consorcio binomial) sobre discos de HAp por un periodo de 24 horas y se sometieron con cuatro enjuaguescomerciales a dos tratamientos, uno de efecto inmediato (TEI- 5 minutos) y otro residual (TER- 55 minutos). Resultados: la actividad antimicrobiana de todos los enjuagues bucales fue muy similar. En las biopelículas mono y polimicrobianas los TEI y TER, se situaron, respectivamente, en rangos de inhibición, de 91,9 a 100%, y de 97 a 100 %. Conclusión: todos los enjuagues bucales presentaron una excelente actividad antimicrobiana sobre las biopelículas montadas, con valores de inhibición superiores al 91,9% en el tratamiento TEI y de 97% en el tratamiento TER. Los mejores enjuagues fueron los identificados como uno y dos, y la mayor acción de estos estuvo sobre C. albicans.
Factores relacionados con la adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en tres ciudades colombianas
Authors: Molina de Salazar Dora Inés , Urina Triana Miguel , Abuabara-Turbay Jazmín , Espinoza-Espitia Tatiana , Flores-Ramírez Armando , Vallejos-Narváez Álvaro , Castro Gloria
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: identificar y evaluar problemas relacionados con la adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes con enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) mediante algunas actividades de seguimiento farmacoterapéutico (SFT) utilizando la metodología Dáder. Métodos: estudio prospectivo de corte transversal en sujetos ≥ 18 años con ENT de 3 ciudades de Colombia. Se recolectaron los datos de utilización de medicamentos mediante una encuesta virtual. Se utilizó la metodología Dáder de SFT y se clasificaron los problemas relacionados con el medicamento (PRM) y resultados negativos a la medicación (RNM) según el Tercer Consenso de Granada. Adicionalmente, se evaluó la adherencia mediante el Test de cumplimiento The Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ) y los criterios de STOPP/START en los adultos mayores. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos y con la prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson se evaluó la asociación entre la adherencia y el género o edad. Resultados: se evaluaron 112 sujetos con predominio del género femenino (72.3%) y edad media de 60.2±10.9. Los diagnósticos principales más frecuentes fueron hipertensión arterial (58.9%) y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (36.6%). La mediana de medicamentos por paciente fue 5 con un rango intercuartílico (RIQ) de 3-7. El 7.25% fue no adherente y la mayoría de las veces la causa fue atribuible al paciente. No se encontró relación entre la adherencia y el género o grupo etario. Se encontraron 51 PRM y 51 RNM con propuestas para resolverlos. Conclusión: la evaluación de la adherencia farmacológica a través de programas de SFT muestra utilidad en el manejo de los pacientes con ENT.
O uso do hidróxido de vanádio bivalente para a eliminação da sucralose das águas naturais e de esgoto da indústria alimentar e farmacêutica. Uma avaliação teórica
Authors: V. Tkach Volodymyr , Kushnir Marta V. , Storoshchuk Nataliia M. , De Oliveira Sílvio C. , V. Luganska Olga , Kopiika Vira V. , V. Novosad Nataliia , M. Lukanova Svitlana , G. Ivanushko Yana , G. Ostapchuk Valentyna , P. Melnychuk Svitlana , Yagodynets’ Petro I. , de Paiva Martins José I. Ferrão , Vaz dos Reis Lucinda
Published: January 2025

Introdução: a sucralose é um adoçante, frequentemente usado nas indústrias alimentar e farmacêutica como corretor de sabor, mas que, por ser um composto cloroorgânico, não é ambientalmente acessível, razão por que o desenvolvimento de um sistema de eliminação da sucralose das águas de esgoto é realmente atual. Metodologia: o sistema da conversão eletroquímica da sucralose em desoxigalactossacaroses, mediante um processo eletroquímico, assistido pelo hidróxido de vanádio (II) tem sido avaliado teoricamente. O modelo matemático correspondente tem sido desenvolvido e analisado mediante a teoria de estabilidade linear e análise de bifurcações. Resultados: a presença do hidróxido de vanádio bivalente tem efeito catalítico para a degradação da sucralose. O estado estacionário se estabelece facilmente e se mantém firmemente, providenciando uma transformação rápida da sucralose em compostos mais biologicamente acessíveis. Quanto à instabilidade oscilatória, esta realizar-se-á com menor probabilidade que no caso da declorinação direta. Conclusão: o hidróxido de vanádio pode ser usado para a eliminação catódica da sucralose com a sua conversão em desoxigalactossacaroses com eficácia.
Acceso a medicamentos en pacientes con cáncer de mama: una revisión narrativa de la literatura
Authors: Peñaloza Quintero Rolando Enrique , Machado Beltrán Manuel Alejandro , Agudelo Orozco Camilo , Hernández Sandova Yesika Tatiana , Matallana Gomez María Alexandra , Zapata Matheus Angélica María , Peña Peña Laura Vanessa , Reyes Rojas Andrea Carolina , Venegas Jhonathan Felipe , Bueno Rocha Jennifer
Published: January 2025

Introducción: en la actualidad existe un problema mundial relacionado con el acceso a los medicamentos esenciales por parte de las poblaciones, razón por la cual organismos internacionales como la Organización Panamericana de la Salud y la Organización Mundial de la Salud han manifestado su preocupación por garantizar el derecho a la salud para todos, en especial para quienes padecen patologías de alta prevalencia y mortalidad como es el caso del cáncer de mama, por lo que resulta de interés explorar barreras de acceso. Objetivo: realizar una síntesis narrativa para identificar elementos que puedan repercutir en el acceso y uso de medicamentos para el tratamiento del cáncer de mama. Metodología: se realizó una revisión narrativa consistente en cinco fases: I) búsqueda bibliográfica, II) revisión por título y resumen, III) Revisión de texto completo y IV) selección de las referencias y V) Análisis descriptivo. Resultados: se identificaron barreras individuales para el acceso como el bajo poder adquisitivo en pacientes, el bajo nivel educativo, los requerimientos de largos desplazamientos para la obtención de los medicamentos y elementos de discriminación social. Por otro lado, a nivel institucional y de sistemas de salud se detectaron dificultades en los trámites para acceder a los tratamientos, falta de coordinación entre instituciones, barreras en regulación de precios y poca disponibilidad de medicamentos. Conclusiones: los hallazgos ofrecen un acercamiento en proponer soluciones y alternativas para la estructuración de políticas en salud pública que garanticen el acceso a medicamentos a cáncer de mama a los pacientes que lo requieran.
Análisis de la percepción de la población colombiana sobre uso de plantas medicinales mediante procesamiento de lenguaje natural (PLN)
Authors: Ortiz Claudia Patricia , Trujillo Monje Manuelita , Rebolledo-Cortes Henry Steven , Rubiano Daza Henry , Cárdenas-Torres Rossember Edén , Ricardo Delgado Daniel
Published: January 2025

Introducción: las plantas medicinales gozan de gran aceptación entre la población colombiana, la mayoría de la población en algún momento ha usado una planta medicinal para tratar algún tipo de patología. Colombia por ser uno de los países más biodiversos del mundo cuenta con una alta variedad de plantas con propiedades terapéuticas. Objetivo: evaluar la percepción de la población colombiana sobre el uso de plantas medicinales, este análisis se realizó mediante análisis de procesamiento natural utilizando Python. En términos generales, más del 90% de la población colombiana ha utiliza plantas medicinales en el tratamiento de alguna patología, además el 45% considera el uso de plantas medicinales como seguro y 6% las considera que es muy peligrosas. Resultados: uno de los hallazgos más importantes es que más del 45% de la población ha cambiado la medicina tradicional por plantas medicinales los que puede generar pérdida de adherencia terapéutica generando complicaciones graves en la salud del individuo.
Chemical characterization of Copaiba essential oil and study of its cellular cytotoxicity
Authors: Marques dos Santos Jacqueline , Barbosa de Souza Valéria , Almeida Schenka André , De Barros Mazon Silvia , Alberici Oliveira Rosana Maria , Queiroga Carmen Lucia , Barbosa da Silva Cunha Ildenize , Bonilha Dezena Renan Marcel , Nogueira Eberlim Marcos , Pires Rosa Paulo César
Published: January 2025

Introduction: copaifera is a genus of plants that comprises several species that produce copaiba oil, which is widely used for various purposes, such as healing, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, wound antiseptic, anti-tumor, among other functions. There are very few chemical studies to characterize copaiba oil. Aim: To characterize 3 different species of copaiba oil Subsequently, the effects of oils were estimated on neoplastic cells in a human glioma protocol (U251). Methods: 2 methods of analysis were used for the chemical characterization, GC-MS and ESI-MS. Results: Through these analytical techniques, 20 types of components were found in the oils. Obtaining the cell viability and cytotoxicity of the oil we performed two methods, the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and Neutral Red (NR), both assays were quantified by spectrophotometry. Concentrations of 1 to 10-5 μg/mL were used for 3 different species of copaiba oil and doxorubicin hydrochloride was used as a positive control. The 3 different species of copaiba oil from Pernambuco (oil 1) and Manaus (oils 2 and 3) were cytotoxic in U251, the IC50 value obtained was 6.171·10-2 μg/mL, 8.344·10-2 μg/mL and 1.385·10-4 μg/ mL, respectively. They also presented cytotoxic effect, with IC50, 2.4·10-1 μg/mL, 3.7·10-2 μg/mL and 4.6·10-2 μg/mL, respectively. A high correlation was evidenced between the MTT and Neutral Red studies for the three different species of copaiba oil, with α=0.05 and r values above 0.9, using the Pearson correlation coefficient. All types of resin oils positively affected cell proliferation of in vitro studies with a correspondence between concentration and effect.
Preferential solvation of triclocarban in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone + water cosolvent mixtures according to the Inverse Kirkwood-Buff Integrals (IKBI) method and correlation of solubility by means of some mathematical models
Authors: Muñoz Ortiz Cristhian Andrés , Cerquera Néstor Enrique , Castro Camacho Jennifer Katiusca , Osorio Gallego Jhonny , Cárdenas Torres Rossember Edén , Herrera Mauricio , Delgado Daniel Ricardo
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Solubility is an important thermodynamic property due to its role in product development, as well as the understanding of biological processes. This research aims to evaluate the preferential solvation parameter (δx1,3) of the triclocarban (TCC) solubility in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone + water cosolvent mixtures and to assess some correlational and predictive mathematical models of concern to the pharmaceutical industry. Calculations: δx1,3 was determined from experimental data following the Inverse Kirkwood-Buff Integrals model (IKBI). The mathematical models were developed using Python, and functions for each model were fitted by non-linear least squares using the libraries scipy.optimize. curve_fit, and sklearn.model_selection. Results: According to the δx1,3 heat, TCC has preferential solvation by water in water-rich mixtures, and preferential solvation by N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in intermediate and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone-rich mixtures. The models Yalkowsky–Roseman–van’t Hoff, Wilson, Modified Wilson, NRTL, van’t Hoff, Apelblat, and Buchowski–Ksiazaczak 𝜆ℎ were assessed, finding good correlations with all. Conclusions: The TCC solubility increase in N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone + water cosolvent mixtures with increasing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) concentration may be related to the rise in the local mole fraction (x1,3 L) of NMP in the TCC solvation sphere. Regarding the mathematical models, the Yalkowsky–Roseman–van’t Hoff model can be considered the most versatile due to its capability estimate solubility data as a function of both temperature and cosolvent composition, given a limited range of experimental data.
The random forest machine learning model performs better in predicting drug repositioning using networks: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: García Marín Darlyn Juranny , García Zea Jerson Alexander
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The lengthy and costly process of drug development can be expedited through drug repositioning (DR), a strategy that identifies new therapeutic targets using existing products. Supervised machine learning (SML) models, incorporating interaction networks, offer a promising approach for DR. This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze SML models predicting DR, identifying key characteristics influencing their performance. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted to identify SML models that used networks to predict DR, which were evaluated by comparing their performance through a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: 19 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 17 in the quantitative evaluation, The Random Forest (RF) model emerged as the predominant classifier (63%), yielding the highest performance in AUC ROC comparisons (overall value: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86 – 0.96). Validation efforts in 18 studies confirmed the predictions of the SML models, affirming the proposed drugs. The incorporation of chemical structure in model training was found to enhance performance by aiding in prediction discrimination. Conclusion: SML models can predict DR, the RF model was the most widely used SML model with the best performance results, which underscores the potential use of FR models for predicting DR using network form biomedical information.
A repositioning approach: nitazoxanide inhibits inflammation and nociceptive response in mice models via a reduction of paw oedema, cellular migration and early TNF-α production
Authors: Rabelo Lopes Livian , Alves Moraes Fellipe Alexandre , Costa Rodrigues João Paulo , De Oliveira Flávio Martins , De Oliveira Lopes Débora , Horta Pinto Flávia Carmo , Aparecida Saldanha Aline , Cristina Soares Adriana
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Various studies have evaluated the in vitro anti-inflammatory effect of nitazoxanide (NTZ), suggesting new therapeutic functions for this drug. Aims: To evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of NTZ in acute mice models. Methods: Mice models of paw oedema, abdominal writhing, formalin and the rota-rod test were used. Results: Oral treatment with NTZ induced inhibition of paw oedema (60.00% and 66.67% at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg, respectively) in the first hour after inflammatory stimulus, carrageenan (Cg). There was also a significant inhibition of 60.71% and 40.00% at the 30 mg/kg dose after 4h and 6 h, respectively after inflammation. Four hours after inflammation, the histological analysis of the footpad of animals treated with 30 mg/kg of NTZ showed a reduction in the migration of inflammatory cells by 65.77%. It is also important to highlight that there was a significant reduction of tumor necrose factor-alfa (TNF-α) in the initial phase of inflammation, 2 h after administration of the Cg. There was an inhibition in abdominal contortions by 54.14% and 56.21% at 30 and 90 mg/kg doses, respectively. In the formalin test only the dose of 90 mg/kg showed antinociceptive action (54.85%; first phase and 45.67%; second phase). The results from rota-rod test showed that motor coordination was not affected with NTZ. Conclusions: This anti-inflammatory activity of NTZ appears to be a consequence of its ability to reduce the levels of an important mediator of the inflammatory response and pain the TNF-α.
An in vivo and in silico predictive study on the toxicological and modulatory effects of abused substances on sperm quality and testicular function in Wistar rats
Authors: Nwonuma Charles Obiora , Adedoyin Adeola Oluwaseun , Onyemaka Melody , Irokanulo Emenike , Alejolowo Omokolade Oluwaseyi , Udofia Inemesit Asukwo , Ojo Oluwafemi Adeleke , Adah Deborah A. , Okeniyi Funmilayo Abimbola , Osemwegie Omorefosa O.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Some compounds like Opioids that are commonly used may affect the biological system in addition to having a high potential for addiction. Objective: This study assessed the effects of commonly misused substances on sperm quality and testicular function in Wistar rats. Material and Methods: Twenty-five Wistar rats weighing an average of 120 ± 0.1 g were randomly assigned to five treatment groups and were orally administered with water for the control, carbonated sugar drink, 150, 300, and 300 mg/kg body weight doses of menthol, monosodium glutamate, and tramadol respectively. The rats were euthanized 24 hours after the last day of the thirty-day treatment. Biochemical assays were on carried out the plasma and testicular homogenate. Results: There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in testosterone, FSH, LH, HDL, TG, phospholipids, glycogen, reduced glutathione concentration, sperm total count; %testicular weight change, and; there was also a significant decrease in the %tail defect, and %non-motile sperm across the treatment groups compared to the control. Contrary, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the testicular ACP and Na-K ATPases activities but MDA levels decreased significantly across treatment groups. The ouabain-α-ATPase complex’s binding energy is comparable to that of the α-ATPase complexes with tramadol, glucose, menthol, and MSG, respectively. Conclusion: The improved sperm quality and testicular function show that these compounds were not harmful to the reproductive functions of Wistar rats. The docking analysis corroborated the effects of ATPase activity modulation on sperm motility.
Nanoparticles: A delivery system for antifungals
Authors: Castrillón Rivera Laura Estela , Palma Ramos Alejandro , Castañeda Sánchez Jorge Ismael , Espinosa Antúnez Violeta
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The increase in the incidence of pathologies in which fungi appear as emerging pathogens is mainly associated with opportunistic fungi as well as susceptibility in patients with a certain degree of immunodeficiency because they present some risk factors such as neutropenia, diabetes, surgeries, abuse of antibiotic treatment, nosocomial diseases and transplant patients among others. To date, antifungal therapy is far from being ideal because in addition to resistance to antifungals, there is a limitation of their availability as a consequence of their toxicity, as well as the decrease in the effectiveness of the drug in free form, minimal restricted penetration. to tissues, decreased bioavailability, poor pharmacokinetics, lack of selectivity, severe side effects and low water solubility: Due to this situation, it is necessary to have new therapeutic measures that are efficient to combat mainly invasive mycoses, hence the objective of this review work to know the state of the art of the various antifungal delivery systems. Development of the topic: This bibliographic review addresses the following aspects related to: a) Types and structure of nanomaterials, b) Antifungal activity of nanoparticles and c) In vivo evaluation and cytotoxicity of nanoparticles. Conclusion: The development of new technologies and synthesis of nanomaterials emerges as a possible alternative for the treatment of fungal infections. In this work, the main advances related to nanomaterials designed as a possible delivery system for antifungals are presented.
Multivariate Normality Tests for Serially Correlated Data
Authors: Munir Shahzad
Published: January 2025

We extend univariate normality tests for time-dependent observations to their multivariate versions using orthogonalization or empirical standardization of the data. This extension allows us to assess the multivariate normality of serially correlated data. The proposed test statistics asymptotically follow the χ2 distribution, which allows for readily applicable tests. A comprehensive Monte Carlo study indicates that the proposed tests exhibit good size control and high empirical power. Furthermore, we provide empirical illustrations of all the extended tests using West German macroeconomic data (Lütkepohl, 2005).
A New Technique to Generate Families of Continuous Distributions
Authors: Musekwa Regent Retrospect , Gabaitiri Lesego , Makubate Boikanyo
Published: January 2025

We introduce a novel technique for producing several families of distributions: the alpha-log-power transformed method. The novelty of our new approach lies in the fact that it adds one new shape parameter and was not derived from any established parent model. Some examples of the new family are presented. Also, some important statistical properties of the new family are studied. The maximum likelihood estimation approach is utilized to estimate the model parameters of the new family. To evaluate the performance of the estimators, Monte Carlo simulation is conducted using some arbitrary baseline distributions namely the Weibull, Burr-XII and Pareto distribution. Two real datasets are used to empirically show the potential significance and applicability of the alpha log power transformed Weibull. The alpha log power transformed Weibull is a very competitive model for characterizing observations in survival analysis.
Introducing the Discrete xLindley Distribution: A One-Parameter Model for Overdispersed Data
Authors: Debastiani Neto João , Puziol de Oliveira Ricardo , Antonio Moala Fernando , Alberto Achcar Jorge
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we propose a new discrete model, the discrete analog of the xLindley distribution, as an alternative for modeling overdispersed data. The model was derived using the method of infinite series, allowing us to capture complex characteristics of the data, and its properties were studied in detail. Asymptotic results are presented to validate the model parameter estimates consistency in large samples. Additionally, a Bayesian approach was considered for inference with complete and right-censored data. The performance of the Bayesian estimators was evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations, enabling a comprehensive comparison of the effectiveness and efficiency of the estimators under different scenarios. The proposed model was applied to two real datasets, demonstrating its practical utility. The practical application included the analysis of discrete events in research environments, highlighting the model's flexibility in various situations. Furthermore, a comparison with other discrete distributions was provided, showcasing the advantages of the xLindley model over existing alternatives.