bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enigmatic Late Permian cockroaches from Isady, Russia (Blattida: Mutoviidae fam. n.)
Authors: VRŠANSKÝ PETER , ARISTOV DANIL
Published: March 2019

Mutovia intercalaria gen. et sp. n. is described from the Upper Permian sediments of Isady in north-western Russia and placed withina new Palaeozoic cockroach family, Mutoviidae fam. n.. The forewing, with very basal, distinct separation of R1 and RS resemblingthe cockroach hind wing and also the forewing of mantises and eoblattids, and with a sharply convex clavus, is unique. The generalvein scheme is closely analogous to Cretaceous mantises (Baissomantis Gratshev et Zherikhin, 1994), but the two taxa are not directlyrelated. The new species comprises about 3% of all fossil insects and 10% of fossil cockroaches at the site, and thus is one of the dom-inant species at the site. Reorganization of the main veins within the taxon suggests the group was rapidly evolving, perhaps becauseof environmental stress. The high coefficient of variability for total number of veins meeting margin (14.5%) is characteristic fornewly emerging (early Palaeozoic and early Mesozoic) lineages and is much higher than for the same characteristic in advanced Pale-ozoic taxa. In spite of an apparently aerodynamic shape of the wing, it likely was not a good flier, as indicated by the extreme variationof veins in the anterior margin and narrow and plastic hind wing remigium. A sex ratio approaching 2:1 suggests that males were moreactive in flight. The new family represents a direct evidence for appearance of new taxa before the Permotriassic boundary and disability of these taxa to cross that crisis.
Description of Hydrolutos breweri (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae) female from Chimantá Massif (Venezuela)
Authors: DERKA TOMÁŠ , FEDOR PETER
Published: March 2019

The female sex of the cave-dwelling cricket Hydrolutos breweri Derka & Fedor (Anostostomatidae; Lutosinae) isdescribed. The cricket is of interest because it has few adaptations towards its peculiar life-style. The genus is known from 5 apterous species from South America.
Water mites of the genus Monatractides (Acari: Hydrachnidia, Torrenticolidae) from Australia, with descriptions of four new species
Authors: PEŠIĆ VLADIMIR , SMIT HARRY
Published: March 2019

New records of water mites of the genus Monatractides (Acari: Hydrachnidia, Torrenticolidae) from streams in Australiaare presented. Four new species are described: Monatractides polypapillatus, M. ironicus, M. harveyi and M. fontinalis.A first description of the female is given for M. australicus (Cook, 1986). A key to the species of Monatractides from Australia is presented.
Water mites of the genus Ljania Thor, 1898 (Acari: Hydrachnidia: Aturidae) in Russia
Authors: TUZOVSKIJ PETR V.
Published: March 2019

This study presents a detailed taxonomic review of water mites of the genus Ljania Thor, 1898 (Aturidae, Axonopsinae)found in the fauna of Russia. The review includes illustrations and (re)description of males and females of three species:L. bipapillata Thor, 1898, L. macilenta Koenike, 1908 and L. orientalis sp. n. A diagnosis of the genus Ljania and identification key to the listed species based on adults are given.
The tadpole of the hylodid frog Hylodes ornatus (Bokermann, 1967), including chondrocranium description, and advertisement call
Authors: BILATE MARCOS , NOGUEIRA-COSTA PAULO , WEBER LUIZ NORBERTO
Published: March 2019

The genus Hylodes Fitzinger is composed of diurnal frogs that live associated to lotic streams in forests (Lingnau et al. 2008; Silva & Benmaman 2008). In Brazil, this genus occurs from the states of Espírito Santo to Rio Grande do Sul (Lingnau et al. 2008; Frost 2011). Hylodes currently comprises 24 species (Frost 2011) distributed in four species groups (Heyer 1982): glaber; lateristrigatus; mertensi; and nasus. Hylodes ornatus (Bokermann) are included in “Hylodes lateristrigatus” species group with other 17 species (Silva & Benmaman 2008; Canedo & Pombal 2007). Fourteen out of 24 species of Hylodes have their larvae described (Pirani et al. 2011).
Description of the advertisement call of Dendropsophus haddadi (Bastos and Pombal 1996) (Anura: Hylidae) from southern Bahia, Brazil
Authors: RUAS DANILO SILVA , DE MIRA MENDES CAIO VINICIUS , DIAS IURI RIBEIRO , SOLÉ MIRCO
Published: March 2019

The Dendropsophus decipiens clade is part of the Dendropsophus microcephalus group, and currently comprises four species: D. berthalutzae, D. decipiens, D. haddadi and D. oliveirai (Faivovich et al. 2005; Frost 2011). According to Faivovich et al. (2005) the phenotypic synapomorphies of this clade are the oviposition on leaves overhanging water and the presence of a posterior row of marginal papillae in the tadpoles. Dendropsophus haddadi can be found in the Coastal Atlantic Rainforest, and in the scrubby "restinga" vegetation between eastern Espírito Santo and Pernambuco states (Bastos & Pombal 1996; Amorim et al. 2009).
Review of Chirothrips and related genera (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) of the Americas, with descriptions of one new genus and four new species
Authors: NAKAHARA SUEO , FOOTTIT ROBERT G.
Published: March 2019

The species of Chirothrips and related genera occurring in the Americas are reviewed. Seventeen species from the areaare retained in Chirothrips, 15 species are treated in Arorathrips, two species in Konothrips, one species in Oelschlaegeraand one species in the new genus Unilobothrips. The generic concepts of the four previously described genera are revised.Four new species, Arorathrips childersi, Chirothrips hemingi, Konothrips colei, and Unilobothrips cornuatus are de-scribed. Chirothrips moultoni Post is synomymized with C. aculeatus Bagnall, and C. spinosus Moulton with Arorathripstexanus (Andre). The following new combinations are proposed: Arorathrips crassus (Hinds), A. crenulatus (Hood), A.dorsalis (Hood), A. lenape (Hood), A. oneillae (Watts), A. sericatus (Hood), A. texanus (Andre), A. vestis (Hood) and Oel-schlaegeria priesneri (Hood) (all from Chirothrips). Chirothrips mongolicus zur Strassen is returned to Chirothrips from Arorathrips. Identification keys to genera and species, and known distributions of the species, are provided.
A review of the genera Prismognathus Motschulsky and Cladophyllus Houlbert (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species
Authors: HUANG HAO , CHEN CHANG-CHIN
Published: March 2019

A classification scheme is provided for the genera Cladophyllus Houlbert, Cyclorasis Thomson, Eligmodontus Houlbert,Gonometopus Houlbert, Prismognathus Motschulsky and Tetrarthrius Didier. The Chinese species of Prismognathus (in thepresent sense) and Cladophyllus are reviewed, with the male and female genitalia illustrated. New distribution data are givenfor some Chinese species. Two new species of Prismognathus are described, P. haojiani new species from Guizhou, and P. shani new species from Sichuan. Keys to males and females of the Chinese Prismognathus and Cladophyllus are also given.
Revision of Argoravinia Townsend (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) of Brazil with the description of two new species
Authors: DA SILVA CARVALHO FILHO FERNANDO , ESPOSITO MARIA CRISTINA
Published: March 2019

The genus Argoravinia Townsend comprises six species restricted to the New World, with the exception of two speciesintroduced into the Marshall Islands. The nominal genus Raviniopsis Townsend was considered a junior synonym of Ar-goravinia in the last catalogue of Sarcophagidae and the results of the present study support this arrangement. However,Argoravinia (s.s.) and Raviniopsis are considered as subgenera of Argoravinia, since they comprise two distinct speciesgroups that are each inferred to be monophyletic based on characters of the male and female terminalia. Four species ofArgoravinia previously recorded from Brazil are redescribed: A. alvarengai Lopes, A. aurea (Townsend), A. brasiliana(Lopes), and A. rufiventris (Wiedemann). Two new species of the subgenus Argoravinia are described from the BrazilianAmazon: A. catiae sp. nov. and A. paraensis sp. nov. Additional information on the biology of A. aurea is provided. A key to all six described species of Argoravinia is presented.
One new and two known species of Dorylaimoidea (Nematoda) from West Bengal, India
Authors: SEN DEBABRATA , CHATTERJEE AMALENDU , MANNA BUDDHADEB
Published: March 2019

Small populations of Laimydorus istvani sp. n., Laimydorus baldus Baqri & Jana, 1982 and Dorylaimus sp. were collected fromthe soil around the roots of guava at south 24-Parganas district, West Bengal, India. Laimydorus istvani sp. n. is characterizedby its odontostyle being distinctly thicker than the cuticle at the same level, cardia shape: rounded-conoid, wide at pharyngo-intestinal junction, enveloped by intestinal tissue which forms a conical projection extending into the lumen of intestine;delicate ring-like structure between the pharyngeal base and the proper cardia. Laimydorus istvani sp. n. comes close to L.multialaeus (Khera, 1970) Baqri, 1985, L. siddiqii Baqri & Jana, 1982 and L. baldus Baqri & Jana, 1982, but can bedistinguished from these species on the basis of different morphometric measurements. The new species differs from L.multialaeus in having higher a value, lower b value and longer odontostyle in females, and. longer body, lateral guiding piecesand tail in males. From L. siddiqii the new species differs in having a shorter tail in relation to body length, shorter cardia withdifferent shape, shorter prerectum and longer rectum in female, different number of ventromedian supplements and shorterspicules in males. From L. baldus, it differs in having a longer body, greater a-value, longer odontostyle and odontophore andlonger tail in females. Laimydorus istvani sp. n. differs from the males of L. baldus by its longer body, greater c value and in thenumber of ventromedian supplements. The population of L. baldus from West Bengal agrees well with the original descriptionexcept for some variations in body, odontophore, prerectum and tail length. New data on male characters have been provided inthe present study. The specimens of Dorylaimus sp. come close to D. geraerti Baqri & Jana, 1986 except in some morphometricmeasurements including: b (4.2–5.1 vs. 4.3–4.7), odontophore length (33–54 μm vs. 40–43 μm, prerectum length in females(120–160 μm vs. 196–241 μm and tail length in females (247.5–294 μm vs. 249–406 μm). In males, the supplements (36 innumber) occur in a contiguous series (as is usually seen in the genus Dorylaimus Dujardin, 1845), whereas in the typespecimens of D. geraerti 35–38 supplements are largely contiguous except for a set of 4–5 spaced supplements in the middle of the series, showing a resemblance with the genus Ischiodorylaimus Andrássy, 1969.
The Ochteridae of Ecuador, with new records and an identification key (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha)
Authors: CIANFERONI FABIO
Published: March 2019

Two species of Ochteridae, Ochterus manni Hungerford, 1927 and O. viridifrons (Champion, 1901) are recorded for thefirst time from Ecuador, so that thus six species belonging to the genus Ochterus Latreille, 1807 and one to the genusOcyochterus Drake & Gómez-Menor, 1954 are now recorded from Ecuador. A remark on the endemic O. unidentatusChen & Nieser, 1992, a checklist of the Ochteridae of Ecuador, and an identification key to the Ecuadorian species are provided.
Mediterranean fish biodiversity: an updated inventory with focus on the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas
Authors: PSOMADAKIS PETER NICK , GIUSTINO STEFANO , VACCHI MARINO
Published: March 2019

In this paper we update the Mediterranean fish inventory, analyse the biogeographic features of this fauna and provideexhaustive biodiversity data for the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas. According to the data available in 2010, the Mediterraneanfish diversity can be summarized as follows: 602 (including sub-species) bony fish species (Osteichthyes), 79 cartilaginous fishspecies (Chondrichthyes) and 3 cyclostomes (Agnatha); making a total of 684 species belonging to 173 families (147Osteichthyes, 24 Chondrichthyes, 2 Agnatha). Most species 403 (58.9%) have an Atlantic origin, 128 (18.7%) species arecosmopolitan, 90 (13.2%) species are Indo-Pacific, and 63 (9.2%) are endemic to the Mediterranean. In the Ligurian Sea,northern Tyrrhenian and southern Tyrrhenian Sea, the richness can be estimated at 454, 426 and 447 species, respectively. Themost speciose families for the Mediterranean as a whole, but also for the three intra-mediterranean areas studied are theGobiidae, Sparidae, Labridae and Blenniidae; whereas Carangidae is a numerically important family mainly at theMediterranean level. The percentage of endemic fishes within the intra-mediterranean areas studied gradually decrease acrosslatitude from the Ligurian Sea (9.4%) to the northern (8.7%) and southern (8.0%) Tyrrhenian Sea. The updated fish inventorycontains 81 Lessepsian and 48 Atlantic immigrant species, which represent 11.8% and 7.0% of the whole Mediterranean fishcommunity, respectively. The Ligurian Sea (3.1%) houses a higher amount of immigrants with respect to the northern (1.6%)and southern (2.7%) Tyrrhenian sectors.Field observations made during this study indicate that both the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas are presently subjected toincreasing colonization events by thermophilic species spreading from the southern Mediterranean and to a lesser degree by the arrival of exotic species either of Atlantic or Indo-Pacific origin.
A new species of Lagis (Polychaeta: Pectinariidae) from Hong Kong
Authors: SUN YANAN , QIU JIAN-WEN
Published: March 2019

Lagis crenulatus sp. nov., (Pectinariidae) is described based on specimens collected from an intertidal mudflat in an estu-ary of Hong Kong. The specimens are small, with a body length of 6.4 mm to 15.4 mm. Among a total of 10 describedspecies of Lagis, L. crenulatus sp. nov., and L. abranchiata (Fauvel, 1932) are the only two without thoracic branchiae.Lagis crenulatus sp. nov., can be distinguished from L. abranchiata by having crenulated rather than knobbed margins in the scaphe, and lacking a pair of dorsal elongated pads on the third segment.
Local-Scale Valley Wind Retrieval Using an Artificial Neural Network Applied to Routine Weather Observations
Authors: Dupuy Florian , Duine Gert-Jan , Durand Pierre , Hedde Thierry , Roubin Pierre , Pardyjak Eric
Published: March 2019

We hereby present a new method with which to nowcast a thermally driven, downvalley wind using an artificial neural network (ANN) based on remote observations. The method allows the retrieval of wind speed and direction. The ANN was trained and evaluated using a 3-month winter-period dataset of routine weather observations made in and above the valley. The targeted valley winds feature two main directions (91% of the total dataset) that are aligned with the valley axis. They result from downward momentum transport, channeling mechanisms, and thermally driven flows. A selection procedure of the most pertinent ANN input variables, among the routine observations, highlighted three key variables: a potential temperature difference between the top and the bottom of the valley and the two wind components above the valley. These variables are directly related to the mechanisms that generate the valley winds. The performance of the ANN method improves on an earlier-proposed nowcasting method, based solely on a vertical temperature difference, as well as a multilinear regression model. The assessment of the wind speed and direction indicates good performance (i.e., wind speed bias of −0.28 m s−1 and 84% of calculated directions stray from observations by less than 45°). Major sources of error are due to the misrepresentation of cross-valley winds and very light winds. The validated method was then successfully applied to a 1-yr period with a similar performance. Potentially, this method could be used to downscale valley wind characteristics for unresolved valleys in mesoscale simulations.
Development Shadows: The Afterlife of Collapsed Development Projects in the Zambian Copperbelt
Authors: Schler Lynn , Gez Yonatan N.
Published: March 2019

Communities that were once the target of postcolonial development schemes still contend with the legacies of these interventions, long after such projects have been abandoned. This article looks at the afterlife of Israeli-led agricultural cooperatives that were initiated in the Zambian Copperbelt during the 1960s. Although these schemes collapsed in the decade following their establishment, local communities are still coping with the history of their rise and fall. In the Kafubu Block and Kafulafuta, the physical, social, and economic landscapes resonate with the successes and failures of this modernist planning. The schemes continue to provide a fundamental and contentious point of reference in both individual and community lives. A long-term perspective on the communities’ continued engagement with the legacies of the abandoned schemes deepens our understanding of development's complex “afterlife,” and demonstrates how the past retains its relevance by taking on different meanings over time.
International Joint Ventures in Industrial Gold Mining, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Harm-Production in Sudan
Authors: Ille Enrico
Published: March 2019

Violent conflicts in Sudan, especially those in Darfur in the early years of the new century, led state and non-state actors in the United States to exert heightened pressure on companies to divest from Sudan, or to prove that their activities in that country do not contribute to the conflicts. In this case study of La Mancha, a company involved in a gold mining joint venture in Sudan from 2006 to 2015, I examine whether and how it reacted publicly to this pressure. I trace how corporate social responsibility (CSR) for the continuation of harm-production was treated in its public statements, what conceptual gaps are perceptible in these statements, and how they were (re)produced in US-based activist circles. On this basis, I highlight the selective acknowledgement of responsibility which is based on assessments of harm-production by external actors excluding those directly affected by it. More generally, the case study relates to debates on CSR in Africa's extractive industries, especially within the frame of complex business structures involving both state actors and foreign investors that make it difficult and nonetheless urgent to identify units of responsibility. I suggest that a communication disconnect during the process of identification can be adequately approached through a conceptualisation of this process as an “arena” of actors who relate to a common issue but not necessarily to each other.
Parenting Style, Familism, and Youth Adjustment in Mexican American and European American Families
Authors: Mahrer Nicole E. , Holly Lindsay E. , Luecken Linda J. , Wolchik Sharlene A. , Fabricius William
Published: March 2019

Authoritative parenting is typically considered the gold-standard parenting approach based on studies with largely European American (EA) samples. The current study evaluated a novel, “no-nonsense” parenting style in Mexican American (MA) and EA families, not captured by traditional classifications. Parenting styles of mothers and fathers, cultural values, and youth internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed in 179 MA ( n = 84) and EA ( n = 95) parents and adolescents across 2 years (seventh to ninth grade). MA families showed a higher proportion of “no-nonsense” parenting, characterized by high levels of acceptance as well as harsh discipline and rejection, compared with EA families. Cultural values influenced the link between parenting styles and youth outcomes across ethnicity such that when parents endorsed low adherence to familismo values, authoritative parenting predicted lower youth internalizing and externalizing problems compared with the “no-nonsense” parenting. Yet when parents endorsed strong adherence to familismo values, the authoritative and no-nonsense parenting functioned similarly. Findings have implications for the development of culturally competent parenting interventions that may lead to positive outcomes in youth from diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds.
Ionic Liquid–Stabilized Titania Quantum Dots Applied in Adhesive Resin
Authors: Garcia I.M. , Souza V.S. , Hellriegel C. , Scholten J.D. , Collares F.M.
Published: March 2019

Quantum dots (QDs; 1 to 10 nm) were recently synthesized by sol-gel and used as nonagglomerated nanoparticles in adhesive resin. The sol-gel process presented a low yield and resulted in a liquid product without stability. In this study, an imidazolium ionic liquid (IL; 1- n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, BMI.BF4) was used as stabilizing agent to synthesize titanium dioxide QDs (TiO2QDs/BMI.BF4) via a chemical route. The product was isolated as powder after washing, centrifuging, and drying. An experimental adhesive resin was formulated by mixing methacrylate monomers and a photoinitiator system. The TiO2QDs/BMI.BF4 powder was incorporated at 2.5 (G2.5%) and 5 (G5%) wt% in the adhesive resin, and one group remained without TiO2QDs/BMI.BF4 powder as the control (Gctrl). The TiO2QDs/BMI.BF4 powder was analyzed by micro-Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and transmission electron microscopy. The dispersion of TiO2QDs/BMI.BF4 powder was analyzed in the polymerized adhesive resin with transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. The adhesive resins were evaluated for immediate and long-term antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, polymerization behavior, degree of conversion, softening in solvent, immediate and long-term microtensile bond strength, and fracture pattern. The TiO2QDs/BMI.BF4 powder showed peaks of anatase and rutile and 26 wt% of BMI.BF4. TiO2QDs/BMI.BF4 presented a minimum size of 1.19 nm, a maximum size of 7.11 nm, and a mean ± SD size of 3.54 ± 1.08 nm. TiO2QDs/BMI.BF4 was dispersed in the adhesive resin without agglomeration, presenting intermittent luminescence by blinking. The addition of any tested concentration of TiO2QDs/BMI.BF4 powder provided immediate and long-term antibacterial activity without cytotoxic effect against the pulp fibroblasts. Furthermore, compared with Gctrl, G2.5% showed reliable polymerization behavior and degree of conversion without differences for softening in solvent with maintenance of bond adhesion to tooth immediately and over time. Thus, the incorporation of 2.5 wt% of TiO2QDs/BMI.BF4 in adhesive resin showed reliable physical, chemical, and biological properties.
A demographic portrait of today’s 6- to 21-year-olds, from the Pew Research Center
Authors: Fry Richard , Parker Kim
Published: March 2019

A Pew Research Center analysis of 2018 Census Bureau data finds that post-Millennials (ages 6 to 21) are the most racially and ethnically diverse generation of Americans, and they are entering college at a higher rate than generations of the past. Their parents are more likely to have college degrees and have a higher median income than the parents of Millennials.
Conversations with kids about race
Authors: Hagerman Margaret A.
Published: March 2019

Social science research has shown us for decades that young children notice racial differences at very young ages and learn societal rules about race throughout childhood. Margaret Hagerman reviews some of the research into children’s understandings of race and shares her own observations from conversations with children across racial and class groups. Although their attitudes about race and racism varied, they were aware of the role race plays in contemporary debates related to such issues as police shootings, immigration, and the election of Donald Trump.
Students Speak Up
Authors: Soriano-Salgado Elizabeth , Peters Shamira , Braden River , Schneider Dylan
Published: March 2019

Student leaders from Educators Rising share their views on what it is like to grow up in 21st-century America. They discuss what adults misunderstand about their generation, their use of technology, their experiences with standardized tests, their hopes and fears for the future, and how teachers can reach young people.
More than one way to grow up: An interview with Annette Lareau
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: March 2019

Kappan editor Rafael Heller interviews Annette Lareau about her research into different experiences of childhood and family life. In her observations of families of different social classes, she learned that upper-middle-class families approach parenting as an act of “concerted cultivation” requiring ongoing attention, making them more likely to become active participants in their children’s education. Working-class and poor parents, in contrast, focus on “natural growth” and are more likely to defer to teachers’ expertise. Lareau contends that both parenting strategies have advantages and disadvantages.
When Do They Speak? Deliberation and Democratic Decision-Making in the European Union
Authors: Fumagalli Corrado
Published: March 2019

In this article, I argue that the experimentalist model of democracy can contribute to contemporary disputes about deliberation at the supranational level. The fundamental idea is that, in conditions of disagreement, for a decision to be legitimate, deliberative decision-making processes must be structured so as to allow the inclusion of affected interests before and after voting. I argue that there are three ways for a decision to be illegitimate: exclusion of affected interests from all deliberative phases, Captain Hook politics and garbage-time politics. Captain Hook politics and garbage-time politics illuminate an important variable: in a deliberative process, some interests may enter deliberation too early, other interests too late. However, for a decision to be legitimate, it is not only important that all affected interests can have an influence on collectively binding decisions, but it is also important what moment in time such interests play a part in the deliberative process.
Applying a Developmental Lens to Youth-Led Participatory Action Research: A Critical Examination and Integration of Existing Evidence
Authors: Ballonoff Suleiman Ahna , Ballard Parissa J. , Hoyt Lindsay Till , Ozer Emily J.
Published: March 2019

In light of the increasing global population of young people, practitioners and policy makers face formidable challenges in promoting positive youth development and the successful transition to adulthood. Youth participatory research is one promising and rapidly growing approach for generating evidence to inform policy and intervention strategies to best serve youth populations. Here, we consider how developmental science contributes to our understanding about the benefits—for youth, as well as for programs and policies—of engaging youth at different developmental stages in research. We link insights from developmental science to evidence from youth-engaged research to determine where the most fruitful developmental matches may occur. We can maximize the benefits for youth and simultaneously improve research projects when developmental needs, capacities, priorities, and constraints of youth in various stages are thoughtfully considered.
A Closer Look at the Short Front Vowel Shift in Canada
Authors: Boberg Charles
Published: March 2019

This paper examines several aspects of the “Short Front Vowel Shift” (SFVS) in Canadian English, known in most previous research as the “Canadian Vowel Shift.” It is based on acoustic analysis of a list of one hundred words produced by sixty-one Canadian and thirty-one American university students. The analysis focuses on three questions: (1) the relations among the vowels involved in the shift, including relations with vowels not traditionally considered part of the shift; (2) the behavior of individual words in each vowel category, which displays allophonic variation; and (3) the role of regional and national identity (western versus eastern Canadian, and Canadian versus American) and speaker sex in predicting the degree of participation in the shift, which is measured with a unitary quantitative index of the shift that is proposed here for the first time. The analysis finds that the short front vowels (kit, dress, and trap) lower and retract as a set, but that shifts of several back vowels (particularly foot, goat, and strut) are also correlated but not necessarily structurally connected with these; that following voiceless fricatives favor the SFVS while preceding velars disfavor it; that women are more advanced in the shift than men; that there is no regional difference within Canada in the progress of the shift; and, most surprisingly, that, once the American comparison group is restricted to those with a low-back merger, Americans are more shifted than their Canadian peers, calling into question the association of the shift with Canada in most previous research on Canadian English.
Empowerment and the individualisation of resistance: A Foucauldian perspective on Theatre of the Oppressed
Authors: Wynne Laura
Published: March 2019

Waterloo, in Sydney, Australia, is a neighbourhood currently dominated by a large public housing estate. The estate is to be redeveloped to be a ‘socially mixed’ community largely comprised of private residents. Many current residents of Waterloo have organised in opposition to the redevelopment. At the same time, government and community development agencies have implemented a number of capacity building and consultation programmes for residents, including a theatre performance. Programmes of empowerment are increasingly used by the state and the third sector to encourage disadvantaged or marginalised citizens to ‘take responsibility’ for their own lives. In this article, I examine a performance coordinated by a community theatre group that uses the ‘Theatre of the Oppressed’ format, intended to allow participants to identify ways to overthrow the forces that oppress them. I use a Foucauldian conception of power, subjectivity and resistance to critically examine the performance in its context. I explore ways in which the Theatre of the Oppressed format was applied (perhaps unintentionally) in such a way that it reinforced a vision of the situation as immutable and unchangeable, placing the onus on residents to transform their own actions to deliver change. Such framing makes any effort at resistance appear absurd, and is anything but empowering for residents.
Access, accountability, and the proliferation of psychological therapy: On the introduction of the IAPT initiative and the transformation of mental healthcare
Authors: Pickersgill Martyn
Published: March 2019

Psychological therapy today plays a key role in UK public mental health. In large part, this has been through the development of the (specifically English) Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme. Through IAPT, millions of citizens have encountered interventions such as cognitive behaviour therapy, largely for the treatment of depression and anxiety. This article interrogates how this national response to problems of mental ill-health – and the problematization itself – was developed, accounted for, and sustained. By imbricating economic expertise with accounts of mental ill-health and mechanisms of treatment, IAPT has revivified psychological framings of pathology and therapy. However, it has done so in ways that are more familiar within biomedical contexts (e.g. through recourse to randomized controlled trial studies). Today, the initiative is a principal player in relation to which other services are increasingly developed. Indeed, in many respects IAPT has transformed from content to context within UK public mental health (in a process of what I term ‘contextification’). By documenting these developments, this paper contributes to re-centring questions about the place and role of psychology in contemporary healthcare. Doing so helps to complicate assumptions about the dominance of linear forms of (de)biomedicalization in health-systems.
Estimating Traffic Volume on Minor Roads at Rural Stop-Controlled Intersections using Deep Learning
Authors: Tawfeek Mostafa H. , El-Basyouny Karim
Published: March 2019

Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) are regression models used to predict the expected number of collisions as a function of various traffic and geometric characteristics. One of the integral components in developing SPFs is the availability of accurate exposure factors, that is, annual average daily traffic (AADT). However, AADTs are not often available for minor roads at rural intersections. This study aims to develop a robust AADT estimation model using a deep neural network. A total of 1,350 rural four-legged, stop-controlled intersections from the Province of Alberta, Canada, were used to train the neural network. The results of the deep neural network model were compared with the traditional estimation method, which uses linear regression. The results indicated that the deep neural network model improved the estimation of minor roads’ AADT by 35% when compared with the traditional method. Furthermore, SPFs developed using linear regression resulted in models with statistically insignificant AADTs on minor roads. Conversely, the SPF developed using the neural network provided a better fit to the data with both AADTs on minor and major roads being statistically significant variables. The findings indicated that the proposed model could enhance the predictive power of the SPF and therefore improve the decision-making process since SPFs are used in all parts of the safety management process.
A neglected gap in the Weber thesis? The long economic lag of capitalism from Protestantism
Authors: Zafirovski Milan
Published: March 2019

This article identifies and explains a certain previously undetected or downplayed analytical problem in Max Weber’s thesis arising from a causal link between Protestantism, above all Calvinism, and the emergence and expansion of modern capitalism as an economic ‘spirit’ and system. There is a manifest time gap or historical distance between original Calvinism and modern capitalism spanning several centuries. More specifically, there is an ‘economic lag’ of modern capitalism, defined by the Weber thesis as emerging and expanding mostly during the late 18th and 19th centuries, orthodox Calvinism and generally the Protestant Reformation arising and spreading in the 16th century. This article investigates whether such a capitalist lag behind its assumed religious source is exceedingly protracted to posit an effective causal relationship, a plausible congruence and an affinity between Calvinism and modern capitalism as the Weber thesis does. This article identifies two different religious-economic configurations: first, the rise and diffusion of Calvinism and the absence of capitalism, second, the emergence and expansion of modern capitalism and the decline of Calvinism. I infer that the salient economic lag of modern capitalism from Calvinism casts serious doubt on their direct causal link and thus on the Weber thesis, giving the fact that the assumption of lagged effects of the second on the first variable does not provide an adequate solution. This article aims to contribute toward a further clarification and examination of the Weber thesis and generally of the relationship between religious values and modern economy and society.
The victory image: Imaging Israeli warfighting from Lebanon to Gaza
Authors: Galai Yoav
Published: March 2019

This article interrogates the concept of the ‘victory image’ in Israel as a militarized visual economy. What began as a visual illustration of warfighting became an integral part of operational considerations. My own contribution as an embedded photographer to that economy is used as a prism for larger changes in visual politics. These changes relate to the proliferation of an actuarial gaze as the overarching ordering principle of imaging in the subsequent Gaza Wars. Instead of celebratory images of military achievements, Israeli officials opted for information visualizations to convey a sense of achievement, allowing for the continuation of the ‘visual economy,’ but with Palestinian victims of indiscriminate attacks ignored.
Do Cash Holding and Corporate Governance Structure Matter for the Performance of Firms? Evidence from KMI 30- and KSE 100-Indexed Firms in Pakistan
Authors: Aslam Ejaz , Kalim Rukhsana , Fizza Sadia
Published: March 2019

The objective of the study is to investigate the combined impact of cash holding and corporate governance on the performance of non-financial firms. The sample consists of 30 Islamic-based firms from Karachi Meezan Index (KMI) 30 index and 42 non-Islamic firms from Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) 100 index in Pakistan over the period of 2010–2014. The results show that corporate cash holding has negative and significant relationship with earnings per share and returns on assets (EPS and ROA), while it has a positive and statistically significant relationship with Tobin’s Q and market share price (TQ, MSP) in both KMI 30- and KSE 100-indexed firms. In addition, we find that the structure of corporate governance is poorly performed in KMI 30- and KSE 100-indexed firms. This poor governance structure leads to the firms dispelling cash quickly, which significantly reduces the performance of these firms. So the firms can increase their performance by establishing effective corporate governance structure.
Effects of Social Media Marketing and Selected Marketing Constructs on Stages of Brand Loyalty
Authors: Salem Suha Fouad , Salem Sharif Omar
Published: March 2019

The main purpose of this study is to examine the antecedents of brand loyalty in the context of fast fashion industry. This study also highlights the role of social media (SM) marketing on value consciousness (VC), brand love (BL) and brand consciousness (BC). A self-structured questionnaire survey method was employed to collect data from 240 customers in Malaysia. Statistical analysis is performed based on the PLS-SEM approach to analyze the data. The results reveal that SM marketing has a significant effect on BC and BL in the fast fashion industry. The result demonstrates that SM has indirect positive impact on different stages of brand loyalty through BL and BC.

This study is the first that investigates the impacts of social network marketing activities, VC, BL and BC on stages of brand loyalty. The findings can help marketers develop effective marketing strategies in order to build brand loyalty especially in the fast fashion industry.
Domestic Water Adequacy of Surakarta, Indonesia: Is it Prone to Vulnerability?
Authors: Rahayu Paramita , Rini Erma Fitria , Soedwiwahjono
Published: March 2019

One of the goals of sustainable development is to provide clean water to all. Rapidly growing cities have to deal with limited water resources. Providing safe water is one of the critical issues in the Global South. This article assesses the vulnerability of domestic water supply of Surakarta, a rapidly urbanized medium-sized city in Java. The vulnerability was assessed at the city scale and the household scale. The study recommends establishment of a regional water reservoir as a necessity through regional cooperation. Every stakeholder of cities and regions should be aware of the importance of water. Therefore, the development of collaborative capacity of local governments is one of the key determinants of dealing with the problem of domestic water supply.
Maladaptation on the Waterfront: Jakarta’s Growth Coalition and the Great Garuda
Authors: Salim Wilmar , Bettinger Keith , Fisher Micah
Published: March 2019

The capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta, faces chronic flooding which has been and will continue to be exacerbated by climate change processes, including sea level rise and increased rainfall. In response to these threats, the government has devised a megaproject solution to flooding which will simultaneously address the problem while enhancing Jakarta’s status as a ‘world city’, improving the economy of the metropolitan region and the country as a whole. However, the so-called Great Garuda project has a number of major flaws. We describe how this project fails to address the root causes of flooding in Jakarta as well as the primary drivers of vulnerability to flooding. We further show how the Great Garuda project is a channel through which politically connected economic elites of the Suharto regime, now marginalized by democratization and decentralization reforms, can reconstitute ‘growth coalitions’ to benefit from state resources and privileged access to development contracts and concessions. Lastly, we apply and expand on the concept of maladaptation to demonstrate how the project could leave the city and its residents more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change than they currently are.
Voetsek! Get[ting] lost: African sportswomen in ‘the sporting black diaspora’
Authors: Adjepong Anima
Published: March 2019

In this article, I revisit the women’s 800-meter track final during the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games in order to revise normative constructions of “the black athlete,” black women’s masculinities, and African women’s place in the “sporting black diaspora.” Specifically, I consider the discussions about masculinity and black athleticism that followed the South African track athlete, Caster Semenya, after she won the silver medal in August 2012. I argue that Semenya’s position on the world stage and her unapologetic embrace of a queer black masculinity disrupts prevailing accounts of “the black athlete” by affirming the position of black sportswomen and postcolonial African athletes within that narrative.
Psychiatrist burnout: a meta-analysis of Maslach Burnout Inventory means
Authors: Rotstein Sarah , Hudaib Abdul-Rahman , Facey Adam , Kulkarni Jayashri
Published: March 2019

Background:

Doctors are known to have poor mental health compared with the general population. Psychiatrists are exposed to a number of unique stressors that may increase the risk of poor mental health. The aim of this study was to undertake a meta-analysis of burnout rates in psychiatrists.

Methods:

Electronic databases (including MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) were searched. Only studies published since 1999 and using the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory were included in the analysis. A meta-analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.

Results:

A total of 11 studies, across nine publications, were included in the final analysis. Studies were significantly heterogenous but there was no indication of publication bias. The pooled mean for emotional exhaustion was 22.03 (95% confidence interval (CI): 19.71–24.34, tau = 3.74). For depersonalisation, the pooled mean was 7.41 (95% CI: 5.91–8.90, tau = 2.45). The pooled mean for personal accomplishment was 30.00 (95% CI: 24.75–35.27, tau = 8.87).

Conclusions:

The high level of psychiatrist emotional exhaustion is a significant concern. Further research is needed to consider the role of modifiable risk factors in the aetiology of psychiatrist burnout.
Breaking Point: Violence Against Long-Term Care Staff
Authors: Brophy James , Keith Margaret , Hurley Michael
Published: March 2019

Direct resident care in long-term care facilities is carried out predominantly by personal support workers and registered practical nurses, the majority of whom are women. They experience physical, verbal, and sexual violence from residents on a regular basis. To explore this widespread problem, fifty-six staff in seven communities in Ontario, Canada, were consulted. They identified such immediate causes of violence as resident fear, confusion, and agitation and such underlying causes as task-driven organization of work, understaffing, inappropriate resident placement, and inadequate time for relational care. They saw violence as symptomatic of an institution that undervalues both its staff and residents. They described how violence affects their own health and well-being—causing injuries, unaddressed emotional trauma, job dissatisfaction, and burnout. They outlined barriers to preventing violence, such as insufficient training and resources, systemic underfunding, lack of recognition of the severity and ubiquity of the phenomenon, and limited public awareness.
Analysis of Trabecular Bone Mechanics Using Machine Learning
Authors: Sohail Ayesha , Younas Muhammad , Bhatti Yousaf , Li Zhiwu , Tunç Sümeyye , Abid Muhammad
Published: March 2019

“Bone remodeling” is a dynamic process, and mutliphase analysis incorporated with the forecasting algorithm can help the biologists and orthopedics to interpret the laboratory generated results and to apply them in improving applications in the fields of “drug design, treatment, and therapy” of diseased bones. The metastasized bone microenvironment has always remained a challenging puzzle for the researchers. A multiphase computational model is interfaced with the artificial intelligence algorithm in a hybrid manner during this research. Trabecular surface remodeling is presented in this article, with the aid of video graphic footage, and the associated parametric thresholds are derived from artificial intelligence and clinical data.
High-Throughput Mutation Data Now Complement Transcriptomic Profiling: Advances in Molecular Pathway Activation Analysis Approach in Cancer Biology
Authors: Buzdin Anton , Sorokin Maxim , Poddubskaya Elena , Borisov Nicolas
Published: March 2019

We recently reviewed the current progress in the use of high-throughput molecular “omics” data for the quantitative analysis of molecular pathway activation. These quantitative metrics may be used in many ways, and we focused on their application as tumor biomarkers. Here, we provide an update of the most recent conceptual findings related to pathway analysis in tumor biology, which were not included in the previous review. The major novelties include a method enabling calculation of pathway-scale tumor mutation burden termed “Pathway Instability” and its application for scoring of anticancer target drugs. A new technique termed Shambhala emerged that enables accurate common harmonization of any number of gene expression profiles obtained using any number of experimental platforms. This may be helpful for merging various gene expression data sets and for comparing their pathway activation characteristics. Another recent bioinformatics method, termed FLOating-Window Projective Separator (FloWPS), has the potential to significantly enhance the value of pathway activation profiles as biomarkers of cancer response to treatments. It reduces the minimum required number of training samples needed to construct a machine-learning-based classifier. Finally, several documented clinical cases have been recently published, in which gene-expression-based pathway analysis was successfully used for personalized off-label prescription of target drugs to metastatic cancer patients.
The geography of a controversial diagnosis: A bibliographic analysis of published academic perspectives on ‘paediatric bipolar disorder’
Authors: Parry Peter , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun
Published: March 2019

Background:

The hypothesis that bipolar disorder presents before puberty with atypical mania has proved to be controversial. Published academic perspectives on the validity of Paediatric Bipolar Disorder (PBD) appear to vary between the United States and the rest of the world.

Methods:

We examined the perspectives of articles citing four seminal articles. The citing articles were grouped as either supportive or non-supportive of the PBD hypothesis, and the perspectives of the articles by US authors were compared with those by non-US authors.

Results:

There were 787 citing articles commenting on PBD, mostly published in US-based journals. Most authors were affiliated with several US institutions. Among the 624 articles with US authorship, the majority (83%) supported PBD. Of the 163 articles by non-US authors, most (60%) supported the traditional view that bipolar disorders are rare before mid-adolescence. Published academic perspectives in favour of the PBD hypothesis are mostly concentrated in several US institutions.

Conclusion:

There is majority support for PBD among citing articles from the United States, whereas the traditional perspective predominates in articles from most other countries.