bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine impairs and delays context-dependent decision making in the parietal cortex
Authors: Suda Yuki , Uka Takanori
Published: July 2022

Flexible decision making is an indispensable ability for humans. A subanesthetic dose of ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, impairs this flexibility in a manner that is similar to patients with schizophrenia; however how it affects neural processes related to decision making remains unclear. Here, we report that ketamine administration impairs neural processing related to context-dependent decision making, and delays the onset of decision making. We recorded single unit activity in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) while monkeys switched between a direction-discrimination task and a depth-discrimination task. Ketamine impaired choice accuracy for incongruent stimuli that required different decisions depending on the task, for the direction-discrimination task. Neural sensitivity to irrelevant depth information increased with ketamine during direction discrimination in LIP, indicating impaired processing of irrelevant information. Furthermore, the onset of decision-related neural activity was delayed in conjunction with an increased reaction time irrespective of task and stimulus congruency. Neural sensitivity and response onset of the middle temporal area (MT) were not modulated by ketamine, indicating that ketamine worked on neural decision processes downstream of MT. These results suggest that ketamine administration may impair what information to process and when to process it for the purpose of achieving flexible decision making.
Simultaneous determination of the component ratio and moisture content in TEGDN/NG composites by the qNMR method
Authors: Liu Ke , Wang Minchang , Zhang Gao , Meng Zihui
Published: July 2022

A novel qNMR method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the component ratio and moisture content in triethyleneglycol dinitrate (TEGDN) and nitroglycerin (NG) composites.
Current progress in bionanomaterials to modulate the epigenome
Authors: Rhodes Anna D. Y. , Duran-Mota Jose Antonio , Oliva Nuria
Published: July 2022

Biomaterials have the power to epigenetically modulate gene expression of cells in contact with it. This review article summarises the current state-of-the-art and progress on the development of bio- and nanomaterials to modulate the epigenome.
Hydrophilic bio-based polymers by radical copolymerization of cyclic vinyl ethers derived from glycerol
Authors: Kashima Riko , Kajita Akito , Kubo Tomohiro , Kamigaito Masami , Satoh Kotaro
Published: July 2022

Novel hydrophilic bio-based polymers were prepared by controlled radical copolymerization of cyclic vinyl ethers derived from glycerol as a renewable raw material.
A cancer cell membrane vesicle-packaged DNA nanomachine for intracellular microRNA imaging
Authors: Chen Yuchao , Dai Wenhao , Wang Dongdong , Dong Haifeng
Published: July 2022

A nanomachine consisting of cancer cell membrane vesicle-encapsulated gold nanoparticles with programmable DNA was established for cell homing-targeting amplification analysis of microRNAs in living cells.
Two boron atoms versus one: high-performance deep-blue multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters
Authors: Chan Chin-Yiu , Madayanad Suresh Subeesh , Lee Yi-Ting , Tsuchiya Youichi , Matulaitis Tomas , Hall David , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Warriner Stuart , Beljonne David , Olivier Yoann , Adachi Chihaya , Zysman-Colman Eli
Published: July 2022

Two new deep-blue narrowband multi-resonant emitters, 1B-DTACrs and 2B-DTACrs, one of which shows TADF, based on boron, nitrogen, and oxygen doped nanographenes are reported.
Highly efficient and stable ZnO-based perovskite solar cells enabled by a self-assembled monolayer as the interface linker
Authors: Wu Yan , Song Jiaxing , Wu Xianrui , Qiu Chufeng , Yin Xinxing , Hu Lin , Su Zhen , Jin Yingzhi , Chen Jianjun , Li Zaifang
Published: July 2022

Efficient and stable ZnO-based PSCs were developed by introducing 2-TA and 3-TA as self-assembled monolayers for interface modification.
Structural systematics in isomorphous binary co-crystal solvates comprising 2,2′-dithiodibenzoic acid, 4-halobenzoic acid and dimethylformamide (1 : 1 : 1), for halide = chloride, bromide and iodide
Authors: Tan Sang Loon , Lo Kong Mun , Tan Yee Seng , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: July 2022

The enhanced steric and bonding influences exerted by iodide are not sufficient to perturb isostructurality in a series of ternary crystals that differ only in the halide substituent, i.e. X = Cl, Br and I.
The magnetic properties of pressurized CsV3Sb5 calculated by using a hybrid functional
Authors: Wu Wenfeng , Wang Xianlong , Zeng Zhi
Published: July 2022

Based on the hybrid functional, we find that the magnetic moment on vanadium atoms in pressurized CsV3Sb5 can be triggered by the phase transition from ISD to pristine pattern combined with the suppression of CDWs by pressure.
Slow magnetic relaxation of mononuclear complexes based on uncommon Kramers lanthanide ions CeIII, SmIII and YbIII
Authors: Leng Ji-Dong , Hua Qiu-Yan , Liu Wen-Ting , Tao Ze-Xian , Tan Nai-Wen , Wang Yu-Fei , Lin Wei-Quan
Published: July 2022

Based on the uncommon Kramers ions CeIII, SmIII and YbIII, three mononuclear complexes toward single-ion magnets were obtained and fully characterized.
Polymorphism modulates photoluminescence and magnetic dynamics of mononuclear dysprosium–anthracene complexes
Authors: Ma Xiu-Fang , Guo Ying , Huang Xin-Da , Wen Ge-Hua , Bao Song-Song , Zhang Yi-Quan , Zheng Li-Min
Published: July 2022

Complexes α-Dy(depma)3Cl3 (α-DyCl), β-Dy(depma)3Cl3 (β-DyCl), and β-Dy(depma)3Br3 (β-DyBr) are reported. α-DyCl and β-DyCl are polymorphs showing distinct magnetic dynamics and luminescence properties.
Sustainable multicomponent indole synthesis with broad scope
Authors: Lei Xiaofang , Angeli Giasemi K. , Neochoritis Constantinos G. , Dömling Alexander
Published: July 2022

A sustainable and energy efficient indole amide synthesis with a supreme ecological footprint as calculated by E-factor, process mass intensity and atom economy.
Correction: Morphology control of eco-friendly chitosan-derived carbon aerogels for efficient microwave absorption at thin thickness and thermal stealth
Authors: Chen Xinting , Zhou Ming , Zhao Yue , Gu Weihua , Wu Yue , Tang Shaolong , Ji Guangbin
Published: July 2022

Correction for ‘Morphology control of eco-friendly chitosan-derived carbon aerogels for efficient microwave absorption at thin thickness and thermal stealth’ by Xinting Chen et al., Green Chem., 2022, 24, 5280–5290, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2gc01604d.
Impact of ablation cell design in LA-ICP-MS quantification
Authors: Becker Pascal , Koch Joachim , Günther Detlef
Published: July 2022

The correlation between non-uniform gas flow patterns in large ablation cells and the resulting elemental fractionation is investigated and compared to two-volume ablation cells.
Interfacial engineering of Cu–Fe2O3 nanotube arrays with built-in electric field and oxygen vacancies for boosting the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrates
Authors: Gao Yihong , Huang Kun , Yan Chen , Li Shikuo , Zhang Hui , Cheng Longjiu , Huang Fangzhi
Published: July 2022

A Cu–Fe2O3 nanotube array with built-in electric field and OVs provided two grips for the enrichment and anchoring of NO3− near the electrocatalytic electrodes. The NO3− enhancement effect and OV-engineered heterogeneous interface on NO3− electroreduction were verified.
From binary AB to ternary ABC supraparticles
Authors: Eren E. Deniz , Moradi Mohammad-Amin , van Rijt Mark M. J. , Oosterlaken Bernette M. , Friedrich Heiner , de With Gijsbertus
Published: July 2022

Formation of partially covered binary AB and ternary ABC supraparticles.
A p–n heterostructural g-C3N4/PANI composite for the remediation of heavy metals and organic pollutants in water
Authors: Liu Fang-Yuan , Zeng Hong-Yan , Xiong Jie , Peng Di-Yang , Xu Sheng , An De-Shun
Published: July 2022

A novel g-C3N4/PANI composite was fabricated via surface charge-induced electrostatic self-assembly method, which showed excellent a photocatalytic performance for Cr(vi) reduction and MO degradation under visible-light.
Design and preparation of glassy molecular precursors by adjusting molecular structures for facile processing of high-performance polymers
Authors: Feng Yudi , Sun Qiangsheng , Guo Jia , Wang Changchun
Published: July 2022

By taking the advantages of molecular glass and BCB crosslinking, a new design of amorphous micromolecular precursors was prepared for balance of processability and performance of the corresponding high-performance polymers.
Divergent construction of 3-(indol-2-yl)succinimide/maleimide and fused benzodiazepine skeletons from 2-(1H-indol-1-yl)anilines and maleimides
Authors: Ma Chunhua , Wang Yue , Chen Guang , Li Jingyi , Jiang Yuqin , Zhang Xinying , Fan Xuesen
Published: July 2022

Divergent construction of 3-(indol-2-yl)succinimide/maleimide and indoyl/pyrrolyl fused benzodiazepine skeletons from 2-(1H-indol-1-yl)anilines and maleimides is presented.
Spatial and temporal variability of contaminants of emerging concern in a drinking water source
Authors: Pulicharla Rama , Proulx Francois , Behmel Sonja , Sérodes Jean-B. , Rodriguez Manuel J.
Published: July 2022

The spatial–temporal behaviour of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are not well-documented in drinking water sources, including in Quebec, Canada.
Synthesis of pyrano[3,2-c]quinolones and furo[3,2-c]quinolonesviaacid-catalyzed tandem reaction of 4-hydroxy-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one and propargylic alcohols
Authors: Yin Haiting , Wu Yunjun , Gu Xiaoxia , Feng Zhijun , Wang Meifang , Feng Dexiang , Wang Ming , Cheng Ziyang , Wang Shaoyin
Published: July 2022

Two acid-catalyzed tandem reactions between 4-hydroxy-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one and propargylic alcohols are described.
Synergetic effect of photocatalysis and peroxymonosulfate activated by MFe2O4 (M = Co, Mn, or Zn) for enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation
Authors: Long Mingyang , Li Di , Li Hongmiao , Ma Xinguo , Zhao Qianqian , Wen Qi , Song Fang
Published: July 2022

The combined activation effects of photogenerated e−/h+, Fe, Co, Mn, and Zn on peroxymonosulfate to produce SO4˙− clearly enhanced the degradation efficiency.
Correction: Synthesis and characterization of AFe2O4 (A: Ni, Co, Mg)–silica nanocomposites and their application for the removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) by an adsorption process: kinetics, isotherms and experimental design
Authors: Vafaee Fahimeh , Mandizadeh Samira , Amiri Omid , Jahangiri Mansour , Salavati-Niasari Masoud
Published: July 2022

Correction for ‘Synthesis and characterization of AFe2O4 (A: Ni, Co, Mg)–silica nanocomposites and their application for the removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) by an adsorption process: kinetics, isotherms and experimental design’ by Fahimeh Vafaee et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 22661–22676, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA02780H.
An exsolution constructed FeNi/NiFe2O4 composite: preferential breaking of octahedral metal–oxygen bonds in a spinel oxide
Authors: Guo Xiaoyan , Yao Lu , Hou Xiangyan , Wu Xiaofeng , Zhang Yaowen , Zhu Qian , Guo Zhangtao , Li Shuting , Jiang Yilan , Feng Shouhua , Huang Keke
Published: July 2022

The preferential breaking of octahedral metal–oxygen bonds is exploited to construct an exsolved FeNi/NFO composite for an efficient oxygen evolution reaction.
Heteroatom doped M–N–C single-atom catalysts for high-efficiency oxygen reduction reaction: regulation of coordination configurations
Authors: Zha Sujuan , Wang Dan , Liu Changhai , Wang Wenchang , Mitsuzaki Naotoshi , Chen Zhidong
Published: July 2022

Recent advances of heteroatom-doped M–N–C SACs for the ORR are summarized. Emphasis is given to the regulation of the coordination configuration of heteroatom-doped M–N–C SACs.
Synthesis and catalytic applications of silver nanoparticles: a sustainable chemical approach using indigenous reducing and capping agents from Hyptis capitata
Authors: Revathy R. , Joseph Jebin , Augustine Cyril , Sajini T. , Mathew Beena
Published: July 2022

A green protocol for the preparation of silver nanoparticles using the leaf, fruit and stem extracts of Hyptis capitata, one of the commonly found plants in the tropics.
Bounding‐box deep calibration for high performance face detection
Authors: Luo Shi , Li Xiongfei , Zhang Xiaoli
Published: July 2022

Modern convolutional neural networks (CNNs)‐based face detectors have achieved tremendous strides due to large annotated datasets. However, misaligned results with high detection confidence but low localization accuracy restrict the further improvement of detection performance. In this paper, the authors first predict high confidence detection results on the training set itself. Surprisingly, a considerable part of them exist in the same misalignment problem. Then, the authors carefully examine these cases and point out that annotation misalignment is the main reason. Later, a comprehensive discussion is given for the replacement rationality between predicted and annotated bounding‐boxes. Finally, the authors propose a novel Bounding‐Box Deep Calibration (BDC) method to reasonably replace misaligned annotations with model predicted bounding‐boxes and offer calibrated annotations for the training set. Extensive experiments on multiple detectors and two popular benchmark datasets show the effectiveness of BDC on improving models' precision and recall rate, without adding extra inference time and memory consumption. Our simple and effective method provides a general strategy for improving face detection, especially for light‐weight detectors in real‐time situations.
Fast joint estimation for time delay and angle of arrival based on smooth preprocessing with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
Authors: Du Jinzhi , Cui Weijia , Ba Bin , Jian Chunxiao , Li Hao
Published: July 2022

In order to solve the problems of high complexity and absence of adaptability with the joint estimation for time delay (TD) and angle of arrival (AOA) in coherent multipath environments, a fast estimation algorithm based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique is proposed. First, we combine OFDM signal characteristics with array features to obtain extended arrays. Then, we obtain the channel frequency domain response covariance matrices for TD and AOA estimation separately by smoothing preprocessing in the spatial and frequency domains, respectively. Finally, we estimate the TD values by a one‐dimensional (1‐D) spectral peak search, as well as determine the closed‐form solution for AOA by Unitary‐ESPRIT. In comparison with previous work, the proposed algorithm not only improves the adaptability in correlated or mixed multipath environments but also significantly reduces the complexity. The simulation results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed joint estimation algorithm.
Determination of required hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu oil and development of stable cream formulation
Authors: Wangpradit Nuntika , Macha Susanna , Phooteh Nabeelah , Yusohyo Nurakmal , Waedoloh Amuna , Manee Sirikhwan
Published: July 2022

Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu oil is reported to use for the treatment of skin disease by Thai folk medicine. Its hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value is very important for developing a stable cream formulation. This study aimed to determine the required hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (rHLB) value of Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu oil and to develop a stable cream formulation. Herbal cream containing Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu oil was prepared by phase inversion temperature technique using water, Tween80, and Span60. The first series of 11 emulsions with HLB values ranging from 5.0 to 15.0 and the second series of eight emulsions with a smaller interval in HLB values from 5.0 to 7.8 were prepared. rHLB of coconut oil was also determined for validation of methodology. Creaming index is the established parameter to determine rHLB and to develop stable emulsion. Emulsions with optimum emulsifier concentration resulted in less percentage-creaming index. Utilizing determined rHLB, Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu cream was formulated and evaluated for different physical parameters including viscosity, color, odor, texture, and pH. Finally, the results showed the rHLB value of coconut oil and Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu oil was 5.4 and 6.2, respectively. The stable creams were developed with a 3% emulsifier. Physical parameters were found to be consistent over 6 cycles of accelerated stability test under 4 and 45○C. Physical properties of cream evaluation ensure the stability of the developed cream. rHLB value of Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu oil was exhibited, and the stable creams were successfully formulated by utilizing determined rHLB.
Moroccan sesame: Current situation, challenges, and recommended actions for its development
Authors: Kouighat Mohamed , El Harfi Meriem , Hanine Hafida , El Fechtali Mohamed , Nabloussi Abdelghani
Published: July 2022

Sesame (Sesamum indicumL.) is one of the most recommended oil crops due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. It is a tropical and subtropical plant; however, it is also cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions, including Morocco. Nevertheless, the sesame crop in this country faces many constraints and challenges that restrict its production potential. The objective of this study is to present the situation of sesame production in Morocco during the last twenty years by describing and discussing the seed production, the harvested area, the value of imports, and the most important challenges. Also, some relevant strategies and measures to counteract these constraints and, thus, improve sesame production have been proposed and discussed. To make a fair diagnosis, a survey was carried out among 33 sesame producers in the Tadla area, in addition to the national and international databases that were consulted. The results showed that sesame area and production dropped markedly between 2000 and 2020. As a result, the import quantities and values have been significantly and gradually increased during the same period. The observed decline in both the area and the production may be due to several constraints including recurrent drought, restricted supply in irrigation water, poor cultural practices, low-yielding cultivars, and pests and diseases. Therefore, there is an urgent need for scientific research in terms of breeding to develop and release high-performing and adapted varieties and crop management to find and adopt the best cultural practices. Besides, sesame producers should organize themselves in associations or cooperatives to ensure an added value of their production and improve their profit margin and income. All these actions and measures would be able to promote and develop the sesame sector in Morocco to meet and satisfy the high domestic and global demand for this precious and valuable seed.
TC-325 hemostatic powder in the management of upper gastrointestinal malignant bleeding: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Martins Bruno Costa , Abnader Machado Andressa , Scomparin Rodrigo Corsato , Paulo Gustavo Andrade , Safatle-Ribeiro Adriana , Naschold Geiger Sebastian , Lenz Luciano , Lima Marcelo Simas , Pennacchi Caterina , Ribeiro Ulysses , Barkun Alan N. , Maluf-Filho Fauze
Published: July 2022

Background and study aims Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) from malignancy is associated with high rebleeding and mortality rates. Recently, TC-325 powder has shown promising results in the treatment of UGIB, including malignant bleeding. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of TC-325 versus best clinical management.

Patients and methods From August 2016 to February 2020, all patients with evidence of UGIB from malignancy were randomized to receive TC-325 therapy or control group, in which endoscopic treatment was not mandatory. Exclusion criteria were hemoglobin drop without overt bleeding and UGIB from non-tumor origin. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were 30-day rebleeding, blood transfusion and length of hospital stay.

Results Sixty-two patients were randomized, three were excluded and 59 were included in the final analysis (TC-325 group = 28; control = 31). Groups were similar at baseline. Active bleeding was observed in 22 patients in the TC-325 group and 19 in the control group (P = 0.15). Successful initial hemostasis with TC-325 was achieved in all cases. Additional therapy (radiotherapy, surgery or arterial embolization) was equally performed in both groups (42.9 % vs 58.1 %; P = 0.243). There were no differences in 30-day mortality (28.6 % vs. 19.4 %, P = 0.406) or 30-day rebleeding rates (32.1 % vs. 19.4 %, P = 0.26). Logistic regression identified no significant predictors of rebleeding. Age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score 3 to 4 and AIMS65 score > 1 predicted greater mortality.

Conclusions TC-325 was effective in achieving immediate hemostasis in malignant gastrointestinal bleeding but did not reduce 30-day mortality, 30-day rebleeding, blood transfusion or length of hospital stay. Age, ECOG 3–4, and AIMS65 > 1 were predictive factors of mortality.
Risk of residual neoplasia after a noncurative colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection for malignant lesions: a multinational study
Authors: Santos-Antunes João , Pioche Mathieu , Ramos-Zabala Felipe , Cecinato Paolo , Gallego Rojo Francisco J. , Barreiro Pedro , Félix Catarina , Sferrazza Sandro , Berr Frieder , Wagner Andrej , Lemmers Arnaud , Figueiredo Ferreira Mariana , Albéniz Eduardo , Uchima Hugo , Küttner-Magalhães Ricardo , Fernandes Carlos , Morais Rui , Gupta Sunil , Martinho-Dias Daniel , Rios Elisabete , Faria-Ramos Isabel , Marques Margarida , Bourke Michael J. , Macedo Guilherme
Published: July 2022

Background Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in colorectal lesions is technically demanding and a significant rate of noncurative procedures is expected. We aimed to assess the rate of residual lesions after a noncurative ESD for colorectal cancer (CRC) and to establish predictive scores to be applied in the clinical setting.

Methods Retrospective multicenter analysis of consecutive colorectal ESDs. Patients with noncurative ESDs performed for the treatment of CRC lesions submitted to complementary surgery or with at least one follow-up endoscopy were included.

Results From 2255 colorectal ESDs, 381 (17 %) were noncurative, and 135 of these were performed in CRC lesions. A residual lesion was observed in 24 patients (18 %). Surgery was performed in 96 patients and 76 (79 %) had no residual lesion in the colorectal wall or in the lymph nodes. The residual lesion rate for sm1 cancers was 0 %, and for > sm1 cancers was also 0 % if no other risk factors were present. Independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis were poor differentiation and lymphatic permeation (NC-Lymph score). Risk factors for the presence of a residual lesion in the wall were piecemeal resection, poor differentiation, and positive/indeterminate vertical margin (NC-Wall score).

Conclusions Lymphatic permeation or poor differentiation warrant surgery owing to their high risk of lymph node metastasis, mainly in > sm1 cancers. In the remaining cases, en bloc and R0 resections resulted in a low risk of residual lesions in the wall. Our scores can be a useful tool for the management of patients who undergo noncurative colorectal ESDs.
Association of Prostaglandin Use for Cervical Ripening with Mode of Delivery in Small for Gestational Age versus Non–Small for Gestational Age Neonates
Authors: Bridges Alexis G. , Allshouse Amanda A. , Canfield Dana R. , Grover Bryan W. , Son Shannon L. , Einerson Brett D. , Silver Robert M. , Haas David M. , Grobman William A. , Simhan Hyagriv N. , Day Robert C. , Blue Nathan R.
Published: July 2022

Objective Prostaglandins (PGs) use for cervical ripening with small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses is controversial since it remains uncertain if use increases the chance of cesarean delivery (CD). We aimed to assess the association between PG use for cervical ripening and mode of delivery between SGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates.

Study Design Secondary analysis of the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b), a prospective observational cohort study of 10,038 nulliparas. We included women undergoing induction with nonanomalous fetuses in the cephalic presentation. Women with >2 cm cervical dilation or prior uterine scar were excluded. We assessed the association of PG use with CD among women with SGA and AGA neonates. SGA was defined as birth weight <10th percentile for gestational age and sex. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders and test for interaction. Secondary outcomes included adverse neonatal outcomes, indication for CD, maternal hemorrhage, and chorioamnionitis.

Results Among 2,353 women eligible, PGs were used in 54.8%, SGA occurred in 15.1%, and 35.0% had CD. The association between PG use and CD differed significantly (interaction p = 0.018) for SGA versus AGA neonates; CD occurred more often in SGA neonates exposed to PGs than not (35 vs. 22%, p = 0.009). PG use was not associated with CD among AGA neonates (36 vs. 36%, p = 0.8). This effect remained significant when adjusting for body mass index, race/ethnicity, and cervical dilation. Among SGA neonates, CD for “nonreassuring fetal status” was similar between PG groups. Among SGA neonates, PG use was not associated with adverse neonatal outcomes or postpartum hemorrhage but had a higher rate of chorioamnionitis (7.0 vs. 2.1%, p = 0.048).

Conclusion PG use was associated with a higher rate of CD in SGA but not AGA neonates; however, further studies are needed before PG use is discouraged with SGA neonates.

Key Points
Reduction in SARS-CoV-2 Oral Viral Load with Prophylactic Mouth Rinse
Authors: Ghasemi Shohreh , Nadji Seyed Alireza , Heidari Ali , James Jeffrey N. , Karimi-Galougahi Mahboobeh , Raygani Negar , Khazaei Salman , Mehri Freshteh , Poormohammadi Ali , Bashirian Saeid , Mehrpooya Maryam , Miresmaeili Amirfarhang , Jalilian Farid Azizi , Shirahmadi Samaneh , Keramat Fariba , Soltanian Alireza , Ansari Nastaran , Zeynalzadeh Farhad , Ebrahimi Amirali , Dashti Amirreza , Bloomquist Ryan F. , Dashti Mahmood
Published: July 2022

Objectives The medical and health facilities are at high risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study tested the preprocedural prophylactic mouthwash rinses to reduce the oral viral load. The findings from this study will help the practitioners to select the best mouthwash for the patients to mitigate the risk of transmission during aerosolizing. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of four commonly used types of mouthwash in reducing intraoral viral load among hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients.

Materials and Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted with 116 patients referred to the Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences of Hamadan City, and Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Patients were randomized into four groups with each group rinsed their mouth with 20 mL of 2% povidone-iodine, 1% hydrogen peroxide, normal saline as a control study group, or 0.12% chlorhexidine, respectively, for 20 seconds. The standard reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method evaluated the virus load before and at 1 hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours after using the mentioned mouthwash.

Results Our results revealed that chlorhexidine and H2O2 showed the highest efficiency in reducing SARS-Co-2 load in the oral cavity and nasopharyngeal region of patients; they increased the Ct values by 9 to 10 (before: 25.84 vs. after 32. 4, p < 0.455) (17.333 vs. after 26.497, p <0.097).

Conclusion Our findings suggest that chlorhexidine and H2O2 could be used in dental clinics to reduce the risk of transmitting the SARS-CoV-2 virus from infected individuals to dentists before dental procedures.
A New 12q21 Deletion Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Di Nora Alessandra , De Costa Greta , Di Mari Alessia , Montemagno Marco , Pavone Vito , Pavone Piero
Published: July 2022

Diagnosis in children with physical and intellective anomalies is very challenging because of the wide spectrum of causes. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has acquired an important role in pediatric diagnostic work up. Interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 12 are rare. To date, deletions including the 12q21 region were reported in only 13 patients. The main features are development delay, eyes and central nervous system anomalies, and heart and kidney defects. We describe a 3-year-old boy with a de novo 15 Mb deletion at 12q21.1q21.32, never reported in the last cases. By screening the critical region and reviewing the literature, we identified SYT1, PPP1R12A, and CEP290 such as pathogenetic genes.
Patient-Completed Caprini Risk Score for Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment: Developed and Validated from 1,017 Medical and Surgical Patients
Authors: Zhang Zhu , Wu Yifan , Liu Qingxia , Dong Fen , Pang Wenyi , Zhe Kaiyuan , Wan Jun , Xie Wanmu , Wang Wei , Yang Peiran , Sun Aihua , Zhai Zhenguo
Published: July 2022

Background The Caprini Risk Score (CRS) is one of the most widely used risk assessment models for venous thromboembolism (VTE). A well-validated patient-completed CRS form may allow patients to self-report and simplify the evaluation by health care workers.

Methods The Chinese version of the CRS was optimized for easy understanding in a pilot study. The amended CRS form was completed by prospectively recruited patients and blinded nurses. The agreement levels of the individual questions and the total scores of patient and nurse-completed forms were compared using the Kappa value. The total scores were used for risk stratification of patients. Correlation and differences between patient and nurse-completed forms were analyzed using the Spearman correlation and Bland–Altman method, respectively.

Results We recruited 504 medical patients and 513 surgical patients, aged 52.7 ± 16.3 years, of which 443 (43.6%) were men, and 91.6% of the patients were educated beyond junior high school. The patients spent less time to complete the form compared with trained nurses. There was good question-to-question agreement between patient and nurse-completed CRS (k >0.6 for most questions, p < 0.0001). The total scores also showed good agreement (k = 0.6097, p < 0.0001), and enabled the classification of patients into different risk groups. The patient and nurse-derived scores were highly correlated (Spearman's r = 0.84), and without extreme values (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion We have created and verified a Chinese version of the patient-completed CRS, which showed good agreement and correlation with nurse-completed CRS. CRS represents a suitable tool for VTE risk assessment of hospitalized patients in China.
Push-out Evaluation on Metal and Fiber Posts Using Two Different Types of Cement in a Hyper-Narrow Environment
Authors: Shafigh Elanz , Fekrazad Reza , Bahrani Mohammad Mehdi
Published: July 2022

Objective Some teeth will be damaged due to caries, trauma, or previous improvement; posts are used to repair them. Underwater divers suffer from barodontalgia as a result of the tremendous amount of pressure they feel when diving. Meanwhile, barodontalgia instances involve teeth with defective restorations. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the push-out bond strength on metal and fiber posts using two different types of cement in a hyper-narrow environment.

Materials and methods In this study, 96 single-rooted teeth, including central and lateral maxillary teeth and mandibular premolars were provided and underwent endodontic treatment. Root canal treatment, including cleaning the root canal using the manual and rotary files was performed in f2 size with 6% tipper. For purification, washing was performed in two steps with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and normal saline, respectively. The obtained data were evaluated using statistical methods such as one-way analysis of variance and the Levene and Tamhane additional tests.

Results The quantity of push-out strength was dramatically reduced in the metal posts and fibers groups due to increasing ambient pressure. The highest decrease rate was observed in the group of metal posts and resin cement. The highest bond strength in a typical environment was related to fiber posts, and among the fiber groups, those that had the highest bond strength were used as a combination of resin cement and fiber posts.

Conclusion The highest level of bond strength among the study groups, at standard pressure and in a hyper-narrow environment, was related to fiber posts and resin cement. Therefore, the best choice for treatments for divers in a hyper-narrow climate is a combination of fiber posts and resin cement.
Expanding Access to Microneurosurgery in Low-Resource Settings: Feasibility of a Low-Cost Exoscope in Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Ramirez Manuel De Jesus Encarnacion , Peralta Ismael , Nurmukhametov Renat , Castillo Rossi Evelyn Barrientos , Castro Juan Sebastian , Volovich Alexander , Dosanov Medet , Efe Ibrahim E.
Published: July 2022

Objectives Less than a quarter of the world population has access to microneurosurgical care within a range of 2 hours. We introduce a simplified exoscopic visualization system to achieve optical magnification, illumination, and video recording in low-resource settings.

Materials and Methods We purchased a 48 megapixels industrial microscope camera with a heavy-duty support arm, a wide field c-mount lens, and an LED ring light at a total cost of US$ 125. Sixteen patients with lumbar degenerative disk disease were divided into an exoscope group and a conventional microscope group. In each group we performed four open and four minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion procedures. We further conducted a questionnaire-based assessment of the user experience.

Results The overall user experience was positive. The exoscope achieved similar postoperative improvement with comparable blood loss and operating time as the conventional microscope. It provided a similar image quality, magnification and illumination. Yet, the lack of stereoscopic perception and the cumbersome adjustability of the camera position and angle resulted in a shallow learning curve. Most users strongly agreed that the exoscope would significantly improve surgical teaching. Over 75% reported they would recommend the exoscope to colleagues and all users saw its great potential for low-resource environments.

Conclusion Our low-budget exoscope is technically non-inferior to the conventional binocular microscope and purchasable at a significantly lower price. It may thus help expand access to neurosurgical care and training worldwide.
ASXL3 De Novo Variant-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder Presenting as Dystonic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Švantnerová Jana , Minár Michal , Radová Silvia , Kolníková Miriam , Vlkovič Peter , Zech Michael
Published: July 2022

ASXL3 loss-of-function variants represent a well-established cause of Bainbridge–Ropers syndrome, a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder with intellectual and motor disabilities. Although a recent large-scale genomics-based study has suggested an association between ASXL3 variation and cerebral palsy, there have been no detailed case descriptions. We report, here, a female individual with a de novo pathogenic c.1210C > T, p.Gln404* nonsense variant in ASXL3, identified within the frame of an ongoing research project applying trio whole-exome sequencing to the diagnosis of dystonic cerebral palsy. The patient presented with a mixture of infantile-onset limb/trunk dystonic postures and secondarily evolving distal spastic contractures, in addition to more typical features of ASXL3-related diseases such as severe feeding issues, intellectual disability, speech impairment, and facial dysmorphic abnormalities. Our case study confirms a role for ASXL3 pathogenic variants in the etiology of cerebral-palsy phenotypes and indicates that dystonic features can be part of the clinical spectrum in Bainbridge–Ropers syndrome. ASXL3 should be added to target-gene lists used for molecular evaluation of cerebral palsy.
Unique Presentation of Occipital Condyle Giant Cell Tumor as Occipital Condyle Syndrome—A Review
Authors: Matham Gowtham , Divakar Ganesh , AN Deepti , Thomas Bejoy , HV Easwer , K. Krishnakumar
Published: July 2022

Giant cell tumors (GCT) of the skull are rare and only a few case series with limited number of cases have been reported till date. In the cranium, GCT usually occurs in the sphenoid and temporal bone, and occipital condyle GCTs are very rare. We report a rare presentation of GCT of the occipital condyle manifested as occipital condyle syndrome. Despite gross total resection, they can recur aggressively; presence of cortical breach might be an indicator of aggressiveness prompting early postoperative imaging and adjuvant therapy.
Quantitative investigations of a schlieren velocimetry technique by a schlieren motion estimation (SME) method
Authors: Ukai Takahiro
Published: July 2022

A schlieren motion estimation (SME) method is a physical-based schlieren image velocimetry involving both schlieren luminance characteristic equation and continuity equation. This seedless velocimetry technique is useful for flow situations where the seeding particles are difficult to supply or identify. In this study, we conducted two quantitative investigations: (1) the sensitivity in an estimation accuracy with the user-defined weight parameters in the SME method and (2) the performances of the SME method for a laminar–turbulent transition flow in which a velocity field would be difficult to be estimated by a standard schlieren image velocimetry technique driven by a block-matching algorithm. The experimental results showed that a weight parameter α between governing equation and a constraint condition is sensitive to a velocity estimation accuracy. Additionally, α is strongly related to an image contrast gradient appearing in a schlieren image, and the strong image contrast gradient leads to the better weight parameter α in a wide range. Regarding the result of another quantitative investigation, it is found that the SME method is applicable to the laminar–turbulent transition flow because the turbulent structures in different sizes can be simultaneously captured by the SME method.
Phonon signatures for polaron formation in an anharmonic semiconductor
Authors: Wang Feifan , Chu Weibin , Huber Lucas , Tu Teng , Dai Yanan , Wang Jue , Peng Hailin , Zhao Jin , Zhu X.-Y.
Published: July 2022

Mechanistic studies on lead halide perovskites (LHPs) in recent years have suggested charge carrier screening as partially responsible for long carrier diffusion lengths and lifetimes that are key to superior optoelectronic properties. These findings have led to the ferroelectric large polaron proposal, which attributes efficient charge carrier screening to the extended ordering of dipoles from symmetry-breaking unit cells that undergo local structural distortion and break inversion symmetry. It remains an open question whether this proposal applies in general to semiconductors with LHP-like anharmonic and dynamically disordered phonons. Here, we study electron-phonon coupling in Bi
2
O
2
Se, a semiconductor which bears resemblance to LHPs in ionic bonding, spin-orbit coupling, band transport with long carrier diffusion lengths and lifetimes, and phonon disorder as revealed by temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy. Using coherent phonon spectroscopy, we show the strong coupling of an anharmonic phonon mode at 1.50 THz to photo-excited charge carriers, while the Raman excitation of this mode is symmetry-forbidden in the ground-state. Density functional theory calculations show that this mode, originating from the A
1g
phonon of out-of-plane Bi/Se motion, gains oscillator strength from symmetry-lowering in polaron formation. Specifically, lattice distortion upon ultrafast charge localization results in extended ordering of symmetry-breaking unit cells and a planar polaron wavefunction, namely a two-dimensional polaron in a three-dimensional lattice. This study provides experimental and theoretical insights into charge interaction with anharmonic phonons in Bi
2
O
2
Se and suggests ferroelectric polaron formation may be a general principle for efficient charge carrier screening and for defect-tolerant semiconductors.
LRBA is essential for urinary concentration and body water homeostasis
Authors: Hara Yu , Ando Fumiaki , Oikawa Daisuke , Ichimura Koichiro , Yanagawa Hideki , Sakamaki Yuriko , Nanamatsu Azuma , Fujiki Tamami , Mori Shuichi , Suzuki Soichiro , Yui Naofumi , Mandai Shintaro , Susa Koichiro , Mori Takayasu , Sohara Eisei , Rai Tatemitsu , Takahashi Mikiko , Sasaki Sei , Kagechika Hiroyuki , Tokunaga Fuminori , Uchida Shinichi
Published: July 2022

Protein kinase A (PKA) directly phosphorylates aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channels in renal collecting ducts to reabsorb water from urine for the maintenance of systemic water homeostasis. More than 50 functionally distinct PKA-anchoring proteins (AKAPs) respectively create compartmentalized PKA signaling to determine the substrate specificity of PKA. Identification of an AKAP responsible for AQP2 phosphorylation is an essential step toward elucidating the molecular mechanisms of urinary concentration. PKA activation by several compounds is a novel screening strategy to uncover PKA substrates whose phosphorylation levels were nearly perfectly correlated with that of AQP2. The leading candidate in this assay proved to be an AKAP termed lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein (LRBA). We found that LRBA colocalized with AQP2 in vivo, and
Lrba
knockout mice displayed a polyuric phenotype with severely impaired AQP2 phosphorylation. Most of the PKA substrates other than AQP2 were adequately phosphorylated by PKA in the absence of LRBA, demonstrating that LRBA-anchored PKA preferentially phosphorylated AQP2 in renal collecting ducts. Furthermore, the LRBA–PKA interaction, rather than other AKAP–PKA interactions, was robustly dissociated by PKA activation. AKAP–PKA interaction inhibitors have attracted attention for their ability to directly phosphorylate AQP2. Therefore, the LRBA–PKA interaction is a promising drug target for the development of anti-aquaretics.
Derivation and semantic autonomy
Authors: Kraska-Szlenk Iwona , Wójtowicz Beata
Published: July 2022

The article focuses on the polysemy and usage patterns of the Polish lexemegłowa“head” and its diminutivegłówka. Based on corpus methodology and cognitive linguistics analysis, it is argued that the two lexemes are too autonomous in their meanings than predicted by their morphological relatedness. As the two words cover different semantic domains, we observe that the diminutive suffix has developed a new function which signals lexicalization of meaning toward a non-human semantic domain, for example, material objects, plants, etc. Our research contributes to studies on Polish morphology and lexical semantics and to theoretical research on the polysemy of body part terms.
“They fabricated lies against us and described us in the harshest of ways”
Authors: Bartley Leanne
Published: July 2022

Over the past decade, Islamic State (ISIS) has made numerous attempts to propagate their beliefs on a global scale
via a range of social media platforms (e.g. Twitter), enabling them to reach an extensive audience within a very
short time span; when successful, people enlist as supporters of their ideas and, essentially, become radicalised. ISIS also
achieve this through publishing propaganda materials, such as the two online magazines Dabiq and
Rumiyah (Heidarysafa et al. 2019). In this paper, our focus lies
with the former. Through a transitivity analysis of three issues from Dabiq, this paper explores how the
in-group (the believers) and the Other (the non-believers) are represented in the magazine. The transitivity framework is
useful here because it exposes the linguistic choices that people make and, in turn, reveals how they perceive their world. To
retrieve both quantitative and qualitative findings, the UAM Corpus Tool (O’Donnell
2016) is employed.
Video analysis of a massive coiled spring transverse oscillations described by Fourier series
Authors: de Jesus V L B , Haubrichs C , de Oliveira A L , Sasaki D G G
Published: July 2022

This work presents a low-cost and straightforward experiment to visualise Fourier synthesis using a coiled metallic spring whose weight is not negligible, oscillating in a vertical plane and fixed at both ends. A massive coiled spring still obeys the standard linear differential wave equation, but a new term accounting for the effect of gravity must be introduced in the equation. Hence, if the spring is plucked vertically at its centre so that its initial configuration is a triangle, the trapezoidal shape of the resulting oscillation, typical of a spring of negligible mass, is clearly distorted by the effect of gravity, when the amplitude of the oscillation moves away from its maximum value. The hypothesis that this distortion comes from some nonlinear effect produced by the larger pluck-length ratio used in the experiment was discarded when evaluating the magnitude of a mathematical criterion to estimate the nonlinear impact of oscillations with large amplitudes. As the spring’s tension is small (∼4 N, on average) and the frequencies of transverse waves are low (close to 1 Hz), oscillations could be filmed with a basic and cheap camera (60 fps), which makes it possible to carry out the experiment without the need to purchase equipment. In addition, as the frequencies involved are low, the oscillations could be reproduced and visualised in slow motion. The free software Tracker was used to collect the position data of the massive coiled spring at each instant and compare them with the related solution of the wave equation obtained by Fourier synthesis of the first six terms.