bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depoliticizing space: The politics of governing global finance
Authors: Copley Jack , Giraudo Maria Eugenia
Published: July 2018

This article argues that neoliberal state restructuring is best theorized by bringing two critical approaches into conversation: the spatial concepts of de/reterritorialization and rescaling, and the depoliticization thesis. The globalization of economic activities paradoxically requires the expansion of territorially-bounded regulatory infrastructures, which Brenner terms the dialectic of de- and reterritorialization. Yet this dynamic entails a serious governing dilemma, not explored by the spatial literature. By assuming greater political responsibility for an increasingly global, financialized form of capital accumulation, states risk devastating legitimacy crises if accumulation falters – a phenomenon identified by the depoliticization literature. States have responded to this dilemma by depoliticizing policy-making through the rescaling of political authority. By moving accountability mechanisms away from central government, policy-makers can insulate themselves from popular backlash in case an economic crisis demonstrates the failure of their reterritorialized regulatory infrastructure. This article will apply this hybrid approach to the case of Margaret Thatcher’s 1986 Financial Services Act. New archival evidence suggests that this policy represented a strategy to facilitate the Big Bang’s globalization of Britain’s financial sector through the creation of an unbiased, reterritorialized legal framework for the City of London. Yet political accountability for this regulatory system was rescaled to an obscure, quasi-governmental scale, so as to absorb any political backlash from future financial crises and insulate government legitimacy. This article thus contends that neoliberal state restructuring can be understood as the coalescence of two spatial governing strategies: reterritorializing to deterritorialize, and rescaling to depoliticize.
Calcium-RasGRP2-Rap1 signaling mediates CD38-induced migration of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Mele Silvia , Devereux Stephen , Pepper Andrea G. , Infante Elvira , Ridley Anne J.
Published: July 2018

Key Points

Basal intracellular Ca2+ levels and migration increase with higher CD38 expression in CLL cells. Rap1 and the Rap1 guanine-nucleotide exchange factor RasGRP2 are required for CLL migration and regulated by CD38 levels.
Burden and risk factors forPseudomonas aeruginosacommunity-acquired pneumonia: a multinational point prevalence study of hospitalised patients
Authors: Restrepo Marcos I. , Babu Bettina L. , Reyes Luis F. , Chalmers James D. , Soni Nilam J. , Sibila Oriol , Faverio Paola , Cilloniz Catia , Rodriguez-Cintron William , Aliberti Stefano
Published: July 2018

Pseudomonas aeruginosais a challenging bacterium to treat due to its intrinsic resistance to the antibiotics used most frequently in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Data about the global burden and risk factors associated withP. aeruginosa-CAP are limited. We assessed the multinational burden and specific risk factors associated withP. aeruginosa-CAP.

We enrolled 3193 patients in 54 countries with confirmed diagnosis of CAP who underwent microbiological testing at admission. Prevalence was calculated according to the identification ofP. aeruginosa. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistantP. aeruginosa-CAP.

The prevalence ofP. aeruginosaand antibiotic-resistantP. aeruginosa-CAP was 4.2% and 2.0%, respectively. The rate ofP. aeruginosaCAP in patients with prior infection/colonisation due toP. aeruginosaand at least one of the three independently associated chronic lung diseases (i.e.tracheostomy, bronchiectasis and/or very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) was 67%. In contrast, the rate ofP. aeruginosa-CAP was 2% in patients without priorP. aeruginosainfection/colonisation and none of the selected chronic lung diseases.

The multinational prevalence ofP. aeruginosa-CAP is low. The risk factors identified in this study may guide healthcare professionals in deciding empirical antibiotic coverage for CAP patients.
REM-associated sleep apnoea: prevalence and clinical significance in the HypnoLaus cohort
Authors: Acosta-Castro Patricia , Hirotsu Camila , Marti-Soler Helena , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Tobback Nadia , Andries Daniela , Waeber Gérard , Preisig Martin , Vollenweider Peter , Haba-Rubio José , Heinzer Raphael
Published: July 2018

This study determined the prevalence of rapid eye movement (REM) related sleep-disordered breathing (REM-SDB) in the general population and investigated the associations of REM-SDB with hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and depression.

Home polysomnography (PSG) recordings (n=2074) from the population-based HypnoLaus Sleep Cohort (48.3% men, 57±11 years old) were analysed. The apnoea–hypopnoea index was measured during REM and non-REM sleep (as REM-AHI and NREM-AHI, respectively). Regression models were used to explore the associations between REM-SDB and hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and depression in the entire cohort and in subgroups with NREM-AHI <10 events·h−1and total AHI <10 events·h−1.

The prevalence of REM-AHI ≥20 events·h−1was 40.8% in the entire cohort. An association between increasing REM-AHI and metabolic syndrome was found in the entire cohort and in both the NREM-AHI and AHI subgroups (p-trend=0.014, <0.0001 and 0.015, respectively). An association was also found between REM-AHI ≥20 events·h−1and diabetes in both the NREM-AHI <10 events·h−1(odds ratio (OR) 3.12 (95% CI 1.35–7.20)) and AHI <10 events·h−1(OR 2.92 (95% CI 1.12–7.63)) subgroups. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were positively associated with REM-AHI ≥20 events·h−1.

REM-SDB is highly prevalent in our middle-to-older age sample and is independently associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. These findings suggest that an increase in REM-AHI could be clinically relevant.
Interactions between life expectancy and the incidence and mortality rates of cancer in China: a population‐based cluster analysis
Authors: Gu Xiuying , Zheng Rongshou , Xia Changfa , Zeng Hongmei , Zhang Siwei , Zou Xiaonong , Yang Zhixun , Li He , Chen Wanqing
Published: July 2018

Background

The relationship between cancer and life expectancy is well established in both developed and developing countries. China is a vast country with significant geographical differences in population structure and healthcare, and thus provides a unique opportunity to analyze the complex relationship between life expectancy and cancer incidence and mortality rates.

Methods

Cancer data were extracted for a total of 255 units (cities or counties) from the 2013 National Central Cancer Registry. Life expectancy data at the unit level were obtained from the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between life expectancy and crude incidence and mortality rates of cancer. In a separate analysis, life expectancy was rated as low (< 76.0 years), middle (76–80 years), or high (> 80 years).

Results

Overall, the cancer incidence and mortality rates positively correlated with life expectancy in both sexes (R at 0.37 and 0.50, P < 0.001). The correlation was significant for the following cancers: lung, colorectal, prostate, bladder and pancreas, as well as for lymphoma in men (R 0.36–0.58, P < 0.001), lung, breast, colorectal, thyroid, uterus, and ovary in women (R 0.18–0.51, P < 0.001). We failed to observe an association between upper gastrointestinal cancer and life expectancy. The number of cities/counties with low, middle and high life expectancy levels were 110, 101 and 44, respectively. The highest age‐standardized cancer incidence rate was observed in areas with a high life expectancy level (192.83/100,000). The highest age‐standardized mortality rate was in areas with the lowest life expectancy (118.44/100,000). Cancers of the stomach, liver and esophagus are major cancer types in areas with low and middle life expectancy. In contrast, areas with high life expectancy had high incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer, breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men.

Conclusions

Longer life expectancy is associated with higher overall cancer incidence and mortality in China. The cancer pattern also varies substantially across areas with different life expectancy levels. Life expectancy levels must be considered when developing strategies to prevent and treat cancers.
Progression-Free Survival as a Surrogate End Point for Overall Survival in First-Line Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: An Individual Patient–Level Analysis of Multiple Randomized Trials (SEAL)
Authors: Shi Qian , Schmitz Norbert , Ou Fang-Shu , Dixon Jesse G. , Cunningham David , Pfreundschuh Michael , Seymour John F. , Jaeger Ulrich , Habermann Thomas M. , Haioun Corinne , Tilly Hervé , Ghesquieres Hervé , Merli Francesco , Ziepert Marita , Herbrecht Raoul , Flament Jocelyne , Fu Tommy , Coiffier Bertrand , Flowers Christopher R.
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Overall survival (OS) is the definitive and best-established primary efficacy end point to evaluate diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) therapies, but it requires prolonged follow-up. An earlier end point assessed post-treatment would expedite clinical trial conduct and accelerate patient access to effective new therapies. Our objective was to formally evaluate progression-free survival (PFS) and PFS at 24 months (PFS24) as surrogate end points for OS in first-line DLBCL.

Patients and Methods

Individual patient data were analyzed from 7,507 patients from 13 multicenter randomized controlled trials of active treatment in previously untreated DLBCL, published after 2002, with sufficient PFS data to predict treatment effects on OS. Trial-level surrogacy examining the correlation of treatment effect estimates of PFS/PFS24 and OS was evaluated using both linear regression ( R2WLS) and Copula bivariable ( R2Copula) models. Prespecified criteria for surrogacy required either R2WLS or R2Copula ≥ 0.80 and neither < 0.7, with lower-bound 95% CI > 0.60.

Results

Trial-level surrogacy for PFS was strong ( R2WLS = 0.83; R2Copula = 0.85) and met the predefined criteria for surrogacy. At the patient level, PFS strongly correlated with OS. The surrogate threshold effect had a hazard ratio of 0.89. Surrogacy was consistent across comparisons with or without rituximab and with rituximab maintenance trials. Trial-level surrogacy for PFS24 was relatively strong ( R2WLS = 0.77; R2Copula = 0.78) but did not meet prespecified criteria. At the patient level, PFS24 significantly correlated with OS. The surrogate threshold effect had an odds ratio of 1.51.

Conclusion

This large pooled analysis of individual patient data supports PFS as a surrogate end point for OS in future randomized controlled trials evaluating chemoimmunotherapy in DLBCL. Use of this end point may expedite therapeutic development with the intent of bringing novel therapies to this patient population years before OS results are mature.
A PIM-CHK1 signaling pathway regulates PLK1 phosphorylation and function during mitosis
Authors: Adam Kévin , Cartel Maëlle , Lambert Mireille , David Laure , Yuan Lingli , Besson Arnaud , Mayeux Patrick , Manenti Stéphane , Didier Christine
Published: July 2018

Although the kinase CHK1 is a key player in the DNA damage response (DDR), several studies have recently provided evidence of DDR-independent roles of CHK1, in particular following phosphorylation of its S280 residue. Here, we demonstrate that CHK1 S280 phosphorylation is cell cycle-dependent and peaks during mitosis. We found that this phosphorylation was catalyzed by the kinase PIM2, whose protein expression was also increased during mitosis. Importantly, we identified polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) as a direct target of CHK1 during mitosis. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CHK1 reduced the activating phosphorylation of PLK1 on T210, and recombinant CHK1 was able to phosphorylate T210 of PLK1 in vitro. Accordingly, S280-phosphorylated CHK1 and PLK1 exhibited similar specific mitotic localizations, and PLK1 was co-immunoprecipitated with S280-phosphorylated CHK1 from mitotic cell extracts. Moreover, CHK1-mediated phosphorylation of PLK1 was dependent on S280 phosphorylation by PIM2. Inhibition of PIM proteins reduced cell proliferation and mitotic entry, which was rescued by expressing a T210D phosphomimetic mutant of PLK1. Altogether, these data identify a new PIM–CHK1–PLK1 phosphorylation cascade that regulates different mitotic steps independently of the CHK1 DDR function.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
ΑΙ ΛΕΠΤΟΣΠΕΙΡΩΣΕΙΣ ΕΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΙ Ι. ΛΕΠΤΟΣΠΕΙΡΩΣΙΣ ΤΩΝ ΧΟΙΡΩΝ* (ΠΡΟΔΡΟΜΟΣ ΑΝΑΚΟΙΝΩΣΙΣ)
Authors: ΒΕΛΤΣΟΣ Α. , ΡΕΚΛΕΙΤΗΣ Σ.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Acute hip fracture surgery anaesthetic technique and 30-day mortality in Sweden 2016 and 2017: A retrospective register study
Authors: Gremillet Caroline , Jakobsson Jan G.
Published: July 2018

Background: Hip fractures yearly affect 1.6 million patients worldwide, often the elderly with complex comorbidity. Mortality following surgery for acute hip fracture is high. The high mortality rate is multifactorial; high age, comorbidities and complication/deterioration in health following surgery. Whether the anaesthesia technique affects the 30-day mortality rate has been studied widely without reaching a consensus. The primary aim of this study was to determine anaesthetic techniques used in Sweden and their impact on the 30-day mortality rate in the elderly, who underwent acute hip fracture surgery. Other aims were to study the impact of age, gender, ASA class, fracture type and delay in surgery on the 30-day mortality rate.

Methods: Data from 13,649 patients ≥50 years old who had undergone acute hip fracture surgery and been reported to Swedish perioperative register (SPOR) between 2016 and 2017 were analysed.    

Results: The most commonly used anaesthetic technique was neuraxial anaesthesia (NA; 11257, 82%), followed by general anaesthesia (GA; 2190, 16%) and combined general and neuraxial anaesthesia (CA; 202, 1.5%) out of the 13,649 studied. The 30-day mortality rate was 7.7% for the entire cohort; GA 7.8%, NA 7.7% and CA 7.4%. Mortality was higher in elderly patients, those with a high ASA class, pertrochanteric fracture and males.    

Conclusions: The present study showed that NA is by far the most common anaesthetic technique for acute hip fracture surgery in Sweden. However, the anaesthetic technique used during this type of surgery had no impact on the 30-day mortality rate of patients. Increasing age, ASA class and male gender increased the 30-day mortality.
RELAÇÃO DOS PROCESSOS EROSIVOS LINEARES COM OS ATRIBUTOS DO RELEVO NO MUNICÍPIO DE UNISTALDA - RS / LIST OF EROSION LINEAR WITH ATTRIBUTES OF RELIEF IN MUNICIPALITY UNISTALDA - RS
Authors: Knierin Igor Da Silva , Trentin Romario , Robaina Luís Eduardo De Souza
Published: July 2018

A degradação dos solos afeta extensas áreas na região Centro-Oeste a Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, onde se identificam feições superficiais como processos erosivos lineares e núcleos de arenização, que desencadeiam sérios problemas ambientais. Integrado a isso, este trabalho possuiu como objetivo, o mapeamento dos processos erosivos lineares e identificar sua relação com os diferentes atributos morfométricos do relevo no município de Unistalda - RS - Brasil. Os procedimentos metodológicos se basearam na elaboração e análise de mapas temáticos dos processos erosivos lineares e do relevo, os quais foram realizados no ArcGIS® 10.1 com base em imagens de satélite ópticas e de RADAR SRTM. Desta forma, identificou-se nas áreas afetadas pela erosão dos solos como mais recorrentes, altitudes inferiores a 200 m, com a classe de 150-200 m, declividades superiores a 5%, com a classe 5-15%, perfis de curvatura côncavos, planos de curvatura convergentes e formas das vertentes côncavo-convergente. Frente a isso, observou-se satisfatório no presente estudo a utilização de técnicas de geoprocessamento, integradas ao SIG, com base em imagens de satélite ópticas e de RADAR SRTM, conforme validado nos trabalhos de campo.
CONSERVAÇÃO DA NATUREZA E GESTÃO INTEGRADA NO MOSAICO SERTÃO VEREDAS PERUAÇU – NORTE DE MINAS GERAIS / CONSERVATION OF THE NATURE AND INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT IN MOSAIC SERTÃO VEREDAS PERUAÇU - NORTH OF MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Martins Geraldo Inácio
Published: July 2018

A proposta dos Mosaicos de Áreas Protegidas, enquanto estratégia de gestão ambiental, ganhou existência normativa a partir do Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação-SNUC, em 2000. No entanto, estratégias de gestão integrada e territorial da conservação ambiental ultrapassam este marco normativo. A intenção deste texto é demonstrar como se constituiu a ideia dos mosaicos e como esta se tornou concreta na experiência empírica do Mosaico Sertão Veredas Peruaçu- MSVP. Para isso, metodologicamente, analisamos os documentos referentes à proposta de reconhecimento de mosaicos e sua inserção na legislação brasileira, bem como, o documento técnico de gestão do MSVP, o Plano de Desenvolvimento de Base Conservacionista – Plano DTBC, portarias de reconhecimento e os Boletins de Cooperação entre a França e o Brasil. Com este texto demonstramos as dificuldades de compatibilizar os diversos anseios e interesses que se coloca entre a conservação da natureza e as estratégias de desenvolvimento e os desafios da gestão integrada e participativa no MSPVP.
RACIONALIDADE URBANA E ESPAÇOS RURAIS: A EMPRESA AGRÍCOLA UN1ONE E A VILA ALMEIDA EM JUIZ DE FORA – MG / URBAN RATIONALITY AND RURAL AREAS: THE UN1ONE AGRICULTURAL COMPANY AND VILA ALMEIDA IN JUIZ DE FORA - MG
Authors: Guedes Rafael De Souza
Published: July 2018

Espaços de campo e cidade se entrelaçam de muitas maneiras, assim como comportamentos rurais e urbanos. Neste artigo, analisamos as transformações sócio territoriais e as consequências da instalação de uma empresa agrícola no espaço rural da Vila Almeida, em Juiz de Fora/MG. As práticas e técnicas “urbanas” utilizadas no modo de operação da empresa e a configuração daquele espaço rural, que conta, no entanto, com infraestruturas e serviços tipicamente urbanos – como redes de esgoto e água e transporte público – suscitaram novos conflitos no cotidiano dos moradores, em sua maioria produtores agrícolas tradicionais. Atualmente eles vivenciam novas possibilidades de modificações em seu paradigma produtivo agrícola e em seu contexto de reprodução social. Há um estudo de caso realizado a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, o acompanhamento de uma reunião de moradores e os resultados colhidos. Buscou-se captar como se dá a presença de uma racionalidade urbana no espaço rural da Vila Almeida, sua dinâmica, e todas as condições e condicionantes que fazem parte desse processo. O resultado encontrado diz respeito a um fenômeno de integração entre cidade e campo que rechaça a ideia de dicotomia entre estes.
Launch of the Journal of Insect Biodiversity (JIB)
Authors: Gültekin Levent
Published: July 2018

No Abstract
Will children ever learn? Removal of nasal and aural foreign bodies: a study of hospital episode statistics
Authors: Morris S , Osborne MS , McDermott AL
Published: July 2018

Introduction

Foreign body removal is a common reason for children to attend the emergency department. Generally, aural and nasal foreign bodies are not associated with immediate morbidity unless they are button batteries. There can be consequences of migration and removal.

Methods

Hospital Episode Statistics for 2010–2016 were used to calculate the number of nasal and aural foreign bodies that have been removed in hospital. Data for adults and children have been compared.

Results

8752 nasal and 17,325 aural foreign bodies have been removed from adults and children over the course of 6 years. Children were responsible for 95% of the 8353 nasal and 85% of the 14,875 aural foreign body presentations. Children aged 1–4 years are most at risk of injury.

Conclusion

Children are more likely to present to hospital than adults with a foreign body in the ear or nose. Aural bodies were more likely to need removal in hospital for both populations. Authors believe that these require identification and removal by an ear, nose and throat specialist to prevent morbidity. The overall number of procedures performed annually in children has not reduced over the study period; an average of 1218 nasal and 2479 aural foreign body removals are performed each year with an annual cost of £2,880,148 to NHS England.
Educador social e ambiental: protagonista na formação de uma rede de proteção para crianças e adolescentes vítimas de abuso sexual
Authors: Pietro Ângela Torma , Piske Eliane Lima , Yunes Maria Angela Mattar
Published: July 2018

Cooperação, diálogo e ações interdisciplinares são essenciais para a existência de uma rede de proteção para crianças e adolescentes vítimas de abuso sexual. Com este propósito foi criado o Programa de Intervenção Psicoeducacional visando formar educadores sociais e ambientais para atender e garantir a proteção integral às vítimas. Contou com a participação de 50 membros da rede intersetorial de um município do extremo Sul do Brasil. Teve por base teórica e metodológica a Bioecologia de Desenvolvimento Humano (BRONFENBRENNER, 2011). A análise dos dados identificou a inexistência de um trabalho em rede evidenciando a necessidade de uma capacitação permanente para potencializar práticas dialógicas, o que é urgente para construir conhecimentos e romper com a dicotomia entre reflexão e ação.
La Educación Estético-Ambiental (EEA) ante el impacto antiestético de la crisis socioambiental
Authors: Estévez Rodríguez Pablo René , Estevez Alvarez Lurima , Brandão Schmidt Elisabeth
Published: July 2018

El artículo centra la atención en el impacto antiestético de la crisis socioambiental contemporánea sobre los seres humanos debido al cambio climático, la polución ambiental y otros, destacando el papel de la Educación Estético-Ambiental (en especial, de los procedimientos de sensibilización) para la preservación y/o rescate de la condición humana. En particular, se alude a las representaciones de académicos (as) de Artes Visuales - Licenciatura de la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande – FURG (Brasil) y de instructores (as) de Arte de Manicaragua (Cuba) sobre la EEA y su papel en una formación más integral de la personalidad. Dicho estudio (eminentemente cualitativo) se fundamenta en la perspectiva hermenéutico-dialéctica de Minayo y demuestra la pertinencia de las experiencias transculturales para fomentar esta modalidad educativa
Museos y relatos del pasado. Una experiencia en la asignatura Planificación Didáctica y Prácticas de la enseñanza en Historia
Authors: De Amézola Gonzalo , Dicroce Carlos , Garriga María Cristina , Pappier Viviana
Published: July 2018

La asignatura Planificación Didáctica y Prácticas de la enseñanza en Historia forma parte del último ciclo de formación del Profesorado en Historia de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. En el marco de la cursada se proponen -entre otras actividades- salidas educativas como actividad didáctica que enriquece el proceso de enseñanza. Estas son una estrategia metodológica que abre el debate en torno a otros modos de “habitar” la Universidad y la escuela para promover alternativas pedagógico didácticas que interpelen el formato académico y escolar instituido e inviten a los futuros docentes a proponerlas en sus propias clases, tanto en la residencia como en su próxima práctica profesional. Posibilitan abordar cómo los museos y los diferentes espacios urbanos con sus monumentos y sus marcas son vehículos de la memoria pero no aseguran por sí solos los contenidos a trasmitir ni los sentidos con los que serán interpretados, ya que estos dependen de los destinatarios, de las lecturas y apropiaciones que realicen. El recorrido que proponemos implica reflexionar sobre las marcas de la memoria y mirar con otros ojos los espacios vividos y transitados cotidianamente. El trabajo desarrolla las experiencias compartidas en el Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la Ciudad de La Plata y el Museo Etnográfico de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.
Los sujetos de la política
Authors: De Zan Julio
Published: July 2018

En este artículo se confronta la teoría clásica de la modernidad sobre el sujeto de la política con las experiencias y las interpretaciones de la Filosofía contemporánea, haciendo jugar un nuevo concepto de ciudadanía. La filosofía política contemporánea abandona las expresiones sustantivas que evocaban la representación de un macrosujeto unitario de lo político. En lugar de las categorías que representaban un sujeto colectivo homogéneo en gran formato, se presta atención ahora a otro tipo de categorías más abiertas, dinámicas, múltiples y fluidas, que se despliegan en la sociedad civil, o mejor dicho, que despliegan los espacios públicos (en plural) constitutivos del mundo de la vida social. Se estudia finalmente la redefinición de las dicotomías modernas de lo público y lo privado, así como de la sociedad civil y del Estado.
Prácticas lingüísticas, configuración de sentidos y subjetividad
Authors: Candioti María Elena
Published: July 2018

Se analiza los que se ha considerado un “descentramiento” del sujeto a partir de la crítica a la racionalidad tal como la concibió la modernidad. Se considera especialmente el impacto del giro lingüístico, sus aportes y también sus consecuencias negativas. Se realiza un análisis crítico de las posiciones contextualistas, sus consecuencias escépticas y las derivaciones en el orden de la acción. Se plantea finalmente el tema del sujeto y sus posibilidades, destacando especialmente su capacidad para configurar nuevos sentidos y crear nuevos lenguajes, pero también en su capacidad de discernir y de posicionarse en el juicio.
Estrogenic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Papaya Peels (Carica Papaya L.) on Uterine Weight and Mammae Gland Proliferation on Ovariectomy Rats
Authors: Novitasari Dhania , Triutomo Devyanto Hadi , Arifah Fitriana Hayyu , Ivanawati Anselma , Ulum Zahrotul , Murwanti Retno
Published: July 2018

Papaya bark is one of Indonesia's natural wealth that contains flavonoid compounds such as myricetin and kaempferol that included in the phytoestrogen compounds. The aim of this study is to examine the estrogenic effects of ethanolic extract of papaya peels (EEPP), on the development of mammae gland and the increasing of uterine weight. The in vivo test was performed with ovariectomy in Sprague Dawley female rats that caused the rats to be in an estrogen deficiency state. After 30 days of treatment, animals are sacrificed to take the uterus and mammae glands. Measurement of uterine weight and mammae gland are observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining method to know the lobulus development and AgNOR staining to determine the proliferation level of mammae gland epithelial cells. The test results showed that EEPP concentration of 500 and 1000 mg/kgBW were able to increase uterine weight and proliferation of mammae gland. From the results of this study, papaya bark has the potential to be one of the phytoestrogens compound to maintain female reproductive health and woman beauty.Keyword: ethanolic extract of papaya peels (EEPP), phytoestrogen, ovariectomized rats, uterine weight, mammae proliferation
GSK2193874 treatment at heatstroke onset reduced cell apoptosis in heatstroke mice
Authors: Zhu Yi-Hua , Pei Zhen-Ming
Published: July 2018

Heatstroke is still a potentially fatal threat during summer heat waves, despite improved prevention and treatment. It is reported that the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) inhibitor may protect septicemia mice. Many aspects of heatstroke have been defined, from the sepsis-mimic inï¬‚ammatory response to hyperthermia. Hence, TRPV4 may be a therapeutic target for heatstroke. The results in murine models of heatstroke verified that GSK2193874, as a selected TRPV4 inhibitor, was injected at heatstroke onset, and then reduced the reduction of core temperature, the death rate, wet/dry ratio of the lung, levels of tumor necrosis factor-Î± (TNF-Î±) and interleukin (IL)-6, coagulation indicators, the degree of organ injury, and caspase-3/7 activity (P<0.05). But GSK2193874 treatment before heat stress did not improve the symptoms of heatstroke mice. Therefore, TRPV4 should be involved in heatstroke-induced injury. Timely GSK2193874 administration may be useful to reduce heatstroke-induced injury. TRPV4 may be a potential new therapeutic target in fatal heatstroke.
Anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects of an essential oils-based bioadhesive gel after oral mucosa biopsies: preliminary results
Authors: Scotti Federico , Decani Sem , Sardella Andrea , Iriti Marcello , Varoni Elena Maria , Lodi Giovanni
Published: July 2018

Post-operative management of patients receiving oral biopsy includes the control of edema, pain, infection, and re-epithelization at the surgical site. This clinical study investigates the topical use of a bioadhesive gel, containing essential oils, to promote wound healing and prevent post-operative pain and infection, avoiding the need for surgical suture and chlorhexidine applications. Ten patients, who needed to receive oral biopsies (â‰¤6 mm in diameter) for the diagnosis of mucosal oral lesions, were enrolled. The bioadhesive gel successfully controlled the post-surgical pain; at 1-week follow-up visit, no signs of infection nor side effects were reported and the surgical sites were completely healed. The bioadhesive gel resulted in a very promising agent for the post-operative management of oral biopsy site, without the need for surgical suture and chlorhexidine applications.
In vitro and in vivo assessment of free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of Veronica persica Poir
Authors: Sharifi-Rad Javad , Sharifi-Rad Mehdi , Salehi Bahare , Iriti Marcello , Roointan Amir , Mnayer Dima , Soltani-Nejad Azam , Afshari Azam
Published: July 2018

With the appearance of new disorders along with inability of some conventional therapies for the treatment of diseases without any side effects, the discovery of safe and efficient therapeutic agents is of utmost importance in the medical area. In this context, medicinal plants as promising therapeutic candidates can provide a reliable and efficient profile. Since free radicals are at the center of various disorder pathways, reducing their production or complete removal of these chemical species could be advantageous for prevention and treatment of many diseases. In this experiment, free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of Veronica persica Poir., a known medicinal plant, were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo assays. Chemical characterization results showed a high phenolic content in the V. persica methanol extract. In addition, in vitro assays including DPPH radical-scavenging assay, nitric oxide-scavenging activity assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging test and bleomycin-dependent DNA damage test revealed significant antioxidant power and radical scavenging capacity of this plant. In accordance, in vivo experiments showed inhibitory effects of the methanol extract on lipid peroxidation, a main cause of cell damage. Our findings revealed the promising potential of this plant in reducing free radicals through different pathways. Moreover, our data suggested a correlation between the high phenolic content of the V. persica extract and its free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities.
Psyche as the Principle and Cause of Life in Aristotle
Authors: Meyer Martin F.
Published: July 2018

Biology is the most extensive field in the Corpus Aristotelicum. In his fundamental work De anima, Aristotle tries to fix the borders of this life science. The term ψυχή has a twofold explanatory status. On the one hand, ψυχή is understood as a principle of all living beings. On the other hand, it is understood as a cause of the fact that all living beings are alive. The paper is divided into three sections. (1) The first part shows why Aristotle discusses these issues in a work entitled Περὶ ψυχῆς. Since Pythagoras and Heraclitus, ψυχή was understood as a life principle: Pythagoras believed that men, animals and plants share the same nature: they are all ἔμψυχα and they are homogenous qua ψυχή. (2) The second part of this article deals with Aristotle’s definition of the soul in DA II: ψυχή is the principle of all living things. This establishes (i) the external criteria to divide living and non-living beings and (ii) the internal criteria to divide living beings. (3) The third part of this paper is concerned with the methodological consequences of this definition: the life functions (δυνάμεις τῆς ψυχῆς) are the central explanandum in Aristotle’s biology. De anima II defines such various life-functions as nourishment, sense-perception and locomotion. These capacities contour the main fields of the philosopher’s biological investigation. For Aristotle, the faculty of reproduction is a subtype of nourishment. Reproduction is the most important and most natural function of all living beings. Genetics is, therefore, the most important field in Aristotle’s biology.
Fetuin-A – Alpha2-Heremans-Schmid Glycoprotein: From Structure to a Novel Marker of Chronic Diseases Part 1. Fetuin-A as a Calcium Chaperone and Inflammatory Marker
Authors: Komsa-Penkova Regina S. , Golemanov Georgi M. , Radionova Zdravka V. , Tonchev Pencho T. , Iliev Sergej D. , Penkov Veselin V.
Published: July 2018

Fetuin-A is a major plasma glycoprotein released mainly by the liver. Its functions include inhibition of the activity of insulin receptor, regulation of response to inflammation, inhibition of calcified matrix metabolism and ectopic mineralization, etc. Three major functional domains of fetuin-A have been identified: one similar to the Ca-binding domains, one inhibiting cysteine protease, and a domain with high affinity to insulin receptor. The fetuin-A molecule may be considered as a highly pleomorphic protein with an important impact in a variety of clinically expressed metabolic and pathological processes. It could be used as a marker in clinical practice in the future.
The Level of Strength and Endurance-Strength Abilities of the Female Early Education Teachers as Examined by the Medicine Ball Forward Throw and the 3 Min. Burpee Test: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Podstawski Robert , Mańkowski Stefan , Raczkowski Marek
Published: July 2018

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess strength and endurance-strength abilities of selected female early education teachers (EET) against classification norms, and subsequently compare the level of these abilities to that of pre-school and early school children and female university students.

Methods: The research comprised: 700 pre-school children, 1306 early school children, 303 female university students and 217 EET. In order to determine the research participants’ level of motor abilities, two motor tests, i.e. the medicine ball forward throw and the 3-min. Burpee Test were applied.

Results: Based on the classification norms, the EET obtained an average level of strength and endurance-strength abilities. Moreover, in the medicine ball (2 and 4kg) forward throw trial, the EET achieved significantly worse results than the 1st year female university students (p = 0.0000), yet significantly better results than the examined pre-school and early school children (p = 0.0000). On the other hand, in the 3 min. Burpee Test, the EET gained significantly worse results than the 2nd (p = 0.0000) and 3rd (p = 0.0000) year girls and boys and the 1st year female university students (p = 0.0000), but significantly better results than the pre-school children (girls: p = 0.0000, boys: p = 0.0166) and the 1st year boys (p = 0.0000).

Conclusions: Since motor fitness is important in EET’s everyday work, it is worrisome that the teachers under study attained an average level of strength and endurance – strength abilities. There were also many teachers who were exempted from any form of physical exercise for health reasons, which may be a consequence of their poor eating habits or/and an insufficient amount of daily physical activity. It seems to be reasonable, thus, to design and implement new enrollment criteria for admission to early education studies including fitness tests, and to expand the curriculum of early education studies by increasing the number of practical P.E. classes.
Family and its Influence on how Athletes Function
Authors: Al Sudani Ali Aziz Dawood , Budzyńska Kamila
Published: July 2018

This article presents an application of attachment theory in understanding the quality of sport relationships, it describes types of motivational climate and the differences between performance and mastery in the family and also shows how the beliefs of parents can influence the beliefs of a young athlete. The high quality and positive relationships between athletes and their colleagues seems to reflect the early positive bond which they had with their parents. Children with insecure attachment styles more often have low quality relationships with teammates. Other factors important in the functioning of athletes are the two main types of motivational climate: the mastery/task climate and the performance/ego climate. Both kinds of motivational climate describe which values are the most important for parents and the different influence they have on athletes. Moreover the beliefs of parents have a big impact on the involvement in sport by children, their behaviour during and after sport competitions and what they think about their motor skills and abilities. Parents who care about the sport future of their children should be educated in how important it is to build positive relationships from early childhood, how their beliefs and values create a motivational climate which can support or harm an athletes participation in sport, and how their beliefs influence the involvement in sport of their children.
Loss of Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in a KCl-Induced Model of Episodic Headache Enhances CNS Drug Delivery
Authors: Cottier Karissa E. , Galloway Emily A. , Calabrese Elisa C. , Tome Margaret E. , Liktor-Busa Erika , Kim John , Davis Thomas P. , Vanderah Todd W. , Largent-Milnes Tally M.
Published: July 2018

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) in the CNS is suggested as a common mechanism contributing to headache. Despite strong evidence for CNS involvement in headache disorders, drug development for headache disorders remains focused on peripheral targets. Difficulty in delivering drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may partially account for this disparity. It is known, however, that BBB permeability is increased during several CNS pathologies. In this study, we investigated BBB changes in response to KCl-induced CSD events and subsequent allodynia in rats. Cortical KCl injection in awake, freely moving rats produced facial allodynia with peak intensity between 1.5 and 3 h and CSD induction within 0.5–2 h postinjection. Brain perfusion of14C-sucrose as a marker of BBB paracellular permeability revealed increased leak in the cortex, but not brainstem, beginning 0.5 h post-KCl injection and resolving within 6 h; no changes in tight junction (TJ) proteins occludin or claudin-5 expression were observed. Acute pretreatment with topiramate to inhibit CSD did not prevent the increased BBB paracellular permeability. CNS delivery of the abortive anti-migraine agent sumatriptan was increased in the cortex 1.5 h post-KCl injection. Surprisingly, sumatriptan uptake was also increased in the brainstem following CSD induction, suggesting regulation of active transport mechanisms at the BBB. Together, these results demonstrate the ability of CSD events to produce transient, time-dependent changes in BBB permeability when allodynia is present and to mediate access of clinically relevant therapeutics (i.e., sumatriptan) to the CNS.
Ball possession of successful team (Johor Darul Ta’zim FC) in Malaysia Super League 2015: A case study
Authors: Miswan Mohd syafiq , Aznan Ellail ain Mohd , Ismail Zulkifli , Jamaludin Masshera , Kassim Ahmad Fikri Mohd
Published: July 2018

Ability to possess ball during football matches are link to success. Domination of Johor Darul Ta’zim FC (JDT FC) in recent years in Malaysia Super League impressed many. The aim of this study was to compare the performance between JDT FC and their opponents in Malaysia Super League 2015 season. Successful and unsuccessful passes, ball possession rates, attempt on goal, shot on target, and goal scored were selected as Performance Indicator (P.I) in this study. Twelve matches from Malaysia Super League (MSL) season 2015 were selected. The video of 12 matches was obtained from Media Prima Sdn. Bhd., www.youtube.com and live recordings. Longo Match 1.0 match analysis software was used for post-coding. Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z was used to analyses the differences while Spearman's rho correlation test was utilized to determine the correlation. Percentage of successful passes (p=0.034), ball possessions rate (p=0.000), and goal scored (p=0.002) were significantly different between JDT FC and their opponents. There were also positive correlations between possessions and all variables except for unsuccessful passes. This study concluded that in Malaysian football matches, high percentage of successful passes, and high rate of ball possessions influenced total shot in football game.
Metabolic response to 12-weeks of Aqua Zumba® Fitness in obese women
Authors: Shari Maisarah , Md Yusof Sarina , Mohd Idris Norizzati , Raja Hussain Raja Nurul Jannat
Published: July 2018

Background: The number of obese people is consistently increasing in Malaysia especially among women which expose them to various metabolic and other mortality diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 12 weeks of Aqua Zumba® Fitness programmes on metabolic diseases indicators between obese young and middle-age women. Methods: Eighty previously sedentary obese (BMI >30 kg/m2) women (age 20-59 years old) were randomized to either a 12-week Aqua Zumba® (AZ, n=40) or control group (C, n=40). Exercise group were involved in 12-weeks of Aqua Zumba® Fitness programmes, 3 times per week, 60 minutes per session, with the intensity of 50-75% of maximum heart rate. Body fat percentage (BF%), visceral fat (VF), waist circumference (WC), resting blood pressure (RBP), blood glucose (BG), and blood lipids (HDL and TG) were measured at baseline (week-0) and post-exercise intervention (week-13). Result: In this study, it has been found that there is significant difference (p<0.05) in changes of BF%, VF, WC, RBP, BG, HDL, and TG following 12-weeks of Aqua Zumba® Fitness programmes in both obese young and middle-age groups. However, obese young group demonstrated significant superior change on the improvement of BF%, WC, and BG (p<0.05) compared to obese middle-age group. Conclusion:  As a result, Aqua Zumba® Fitness elicits favorable changes in all metabolic parameters among obese women. Furthermore, aging process affect metabolic responses towards exercise which less prolific result in improvement of BF%, WC, and BG were found in middle-age group.
Spiritual intelligence on health behaviours among Malaysian university students in a Malaysian public university: The mediating role of self efficacy
Authors: Omar Dev Roxana Dev
Published: July 2018

University students experience a substantial amount of change where they progress from the highly controlled setting of school to the self-motivated environment of the university. Many changes which involve social, financial, and environment elements, can be a burden to the students putting them at risk in negative health behaviours. Negative health behaviours among university students are a course of concern since they have a tendency to be carried into adulthood which can possibly cause the emergence of chronic disease at a younger age.  Spiritual intelligence together with self-efficacy is seen to promote better health behaviour.  Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and self-efficacy on health behaviours among university students in Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.  A correlational study was conducted on 400 undergraduate university students who lived on campus and were chosen through stratified random sampling technique using closed ended questionnnaires (The Spiritual Self-Report Inventory, General Self Efficacy Scale and a modified version of Health Style Questionnaire).   Pearson correlation and structural equation modelling were used to explore association between these aspects. Spiritual intelligence, self-efficacy and health behaviour were significantly correlated.  Self-efficacy showed a partial mediation effect towards the relationship between spiritual intelligence and promoting health behaviour (p=0.0001). Thus, there was an association between spiritual intelligence with health behaviour, and self-efficacy with health behaviour.  It is interpreted that spiritual intelligence can boost positive health behaviour and it is associated with self-efficacy relevantly gives benefit to health behaviour. Such data have important implications for both health practice and policy especially for higher education institutions.
Condensin Depletion Causes Genome Decompaction Without Altering the Level of Global Gene Expression inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Paul Matthew Robert , Markowitz Tovah Elise , Hochwagen Andreas , Ercan Sevinç
Published: July 2018

Gene expression occurs in the context of chromatin organization, but the extent to which higher-order chromatin compaction affects gene expression remains unknown. Here, Paul et al. show that gene expression and genome compaction can be...

Condensins are broadly conserved chromosome organizers that function in chromatin compaction and transcriptional regulation, but to what extent these two functions are linked has remained unclear. Here, we analyzed the effect of condensin inactivation on genome compaction and global gene expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by performing spike-in-controlled genome-wide chromosome conformation capture (3C-seq) and mRNA-sequencing analysis. 3C-seq analysis shows that acute condensin inactivation leads to a global decrease in close-range intrachromosomal interactions as well as more specific losses of interchromosomal tRNA gene clustering. In addition, a condensin-rich interaction domain between the ribosomal DNA and the centromere on chromosome XII is lost upon condensin inactivation. Unexpectedly, these large-scale changes in chromosome architecture are not associated with global changes in mRNA levels. Our data suggest that the global transcriptional program of proliferating S. cerevisiae is resistant to condensin inactivation and the associated profound changes in genome organization.