bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating The Cytotoxic Activity of Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 Against MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells and Identifying Its Surface Layer Protein Gene
Authors: Adiyoga Reza , Budiman Cahyo , Abidin Zaenal , Fujiyama Kazuhito , Arief Irma Isnafia
Published: April 2024

Breast cancer is a serious global health concern, with a high mortality rate worldwide. Using natural compounds as potential cancer therapies is a promising approach to address this issue. Previous research has shown that probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their metabolites, such as surface layer protein (slp), have a positive impact on a variety of health disorders, including cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 to suppress the growth of the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and detect the presence of the slp gene. Intracellular and extracellular protein fractions were isolated from L. plantarum IIA-1A5 cultures. The protein concentrations and molecular weights of the extracts were measured. The anticancer activity of the extracts was assessed using the MTT cytotoxicity test, and IC50 values were calculated. The slp gene was identified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and nucleotide sequencing. The results demonstrated that L. plantarum IIA-1A5 had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with IC50 values of 6.831 and 12.35 μg/mL for intracellular extracts and extracellular extracts, respectively. Additionally, PCR amplification and nucleotide sequencing confirmed the presence of the slp gene, which may contribute to the strain’s anticancer abilities. These findings suggest the potential of L. plantarum IIA-1A5 as a natural anticancer agent against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of L. plantarum IIA-1A5 in breast cancer treatment.
Trend Behavior of Malaysia Consumer Price Index: Evidence from National Database (2003–2022)
Authors: Masseran Nurulkamal , Ruzelan Nazihah , R. Nur-Firyal‪
Published: April 2024

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a general indicator used to measure price changes over time. The Malaysia CPI is published using a base year of 2010. This study aimed to identify the significant trend behavior in the Malaysia CPI series for the period 2003–2022. The main question of the paper is whether there exists any difference in trends between the main and overall CPI variables? If so, is the difference significant? If so, how strong or weak is the magnitude of its trend? This is analyzed empirically through five statistical analysis methods involving the serial correlation analysis, Mann–Kendall test, Mann–Kendall sequential test, Sen’s-T test, and Sen’s estimator. Overall, we conclude that there is a significant upward trend for 11 of the 13 variables, while two variables, which are Transportation and Communication, showed no significant monotonic trend. The results of this study provide insight into a better understanding of the behavioral trends of the CPI in Malaysia. This study can help policymakers to understand the importance of increasing expenditure into certain sectors in order to have better production and with this implementation, the trend of inflation rate can be better understood.
Correlation of Motive and Method in Action Development
Authors: Elkonin B.D.
Published: April 2024

The article raises a question how the cultural-historical psychology today should be reserached. The analysis of transitions of periods of childhood, periods (ages) and epochs of development, presented in D.B. Elkonin's understanding of the essence of periodization of child’s developement requires the identification of the situations when clearly appears the correlation of motive, purpose and method in the cumulative action of a child and an adult. Identifying such situations requires a change in the position of the researcher-experimenter, a consideration of the way and conditions of the child-adult interaction, i.e., a consideration of situations in which the Mediating Action unfolds. It’s required from the researchers in Nonclassical Psychology.
School of D.B.Elkonin - V.V.Davydov: from Research History to Research Perspectives
Authors: Rubtsov V.V. , Elkonin B.D. , Zuckerman G.A. , Ulanovskaya I.M.
Published: April 2024

The article is an introdution to the project “A Model of a Modern School Based on the System of Developmental Education of D.B.Elkonin<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: RU; mso-fareast-language: RU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">—–V.V.Davydov”. It was presented to the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Education in 2013. Based on more than half a century experience in the development and implementation of a developmental learning system in the practice of experimental Moscow school 91, the authors prove the relevance of the project in solving the basic problems of modern education. The orientation of the developmental learning system on the principles of activity theory provides an opportunity to achieve high meta-subject results. A retrospective analysis of the stages of the formation of the developmental learning system allows not only to confirm the importance of its fundamental theoretical provisions, but also to identify points of growth,to determine the prospects for further development. The article presents a list of problems, which must be solved in order to achieve an effective implementation of developmental learning in modern educational practice. There is a detailed list of practical content (textbooks, manuals, methodological recommendations, workbooks) created by the authors of educational programs for students of different ages and for teachers.
Interpsychological Origin of the Educational Action of Modeling
Authors: Zuckerman G.A. , Obukhova O.L. , Bilibina T.M.
Published: April 2024

The content of education becomes the key to the development of the learner's agency when the teacher encourages children to independently construct a new concept using educational models. Using the case study method, we analyzed child-adult interactions at one of the key points of the emergence of children's independence in working with educational models. For this study we analyzed the lessons, where the primer by D.B. Elkonin was used. The focus of our observations was on the stage of transformation of the original model of sound-letter relations when students are faced with facts that contradict the principle described in this model. It is shown that in this situation, the initiative of learners can be directed by the adult entirely to the conceptual content of their work and presented in two modalities: in thinking about the connections between already learned concepts and new ones, constructed here and now, and in understanding the thoughts of classmates about these connections. At the same time, the teacher's efforts in real educational interaction are directed primarily at interweaving the disparate threads of children's conceptual initiatives, and in this way, at building a form of cooperation that is adequate to the content of notions constructed by students.
Trial-productive Action of Younger Adolescents (on the Material of Coordination of Educational Subjects of Biology and Literature)
Authors: Novlianskaya Z.N. , Chudinova E.V.
Published: April 2024

The work is aimed at identifying the norm of development of test-and-productive action in younger adolescents. The study presents creative and test works analysis of 114 6th-year students taking the course "New Biology" in the frame of the D.B.Elkonin-V.V.Davydov system. The creative task they perform requires study subjects coordination; i.e. transformation of the natural science physiological processes eventivity into the eventivity of a verbal artistic work, framed by the laws of cultural forms, specific for literature. This type of task may be considered as a provocation of a learning trial, and its successful fulfilment as a trial-and-productive author action. We highlighted and described typical variants of performing this work, demonstrating the diversity of ways in which the scientific concept of breathing is integrated into the learning process. As the age development norm, the highest possible achievement, is a successfully realized "double" trial, when artistic success is combined with adequate use of biological concepts. A well-developed and sufficiently disciplined imagination allows a student to accept/set proper task and avoid falling into a semantic hole of underconstructed scientific concept, and to build an adequate artistic image that helps to hold onto shaky ground of conceptual supports.
D.B. Elkonin on the Development of a Child’s Skills: The Position of the Concept of Arbitrary Activity Reproduction
Authors: Osinina T.N.
Published: April 2024

In 2024, the attention of Russian scientific community is focused on the most important date, the 120th anniversary of the birth of Daniil Borisovich Elkonin, the author of the psychological theory of children's play, co-author of the theory of educational activity. The article analyzes the views of D.B. Elkonin on the development of children’s skills from the standpoint of the author’s concept of reproduction of an activity. Arbitrary activity reproduction is a purposeful reconstructive-reproductive process, relatively independent from memorization, characterized by individual originality, manifested in the quantity and quality of recall of previously memorized information for the purpose of future activity based on a certain level of its understanding and comprehension. We consider mnemonic abilities as tools for memorizing, reproducing, forgetting, recognizing and preserving any material. It is shown that the concept of arbitrary activity reproduction of educational material implement an activity-based approach to the development of skills. The research results prove the importance of developing children’s cognitive skills and abilities through the pupil’s mastery of educational activities — associative-indicative, analytical-synthetic, control-evaluative.
Productive Action In Online Learning Of Data And Media Literacy
Authors: Deryabin A.A.
Published: April 2024

The article examines the adolescents' potential for productive action at various stages of the data research cycle. The hypothesis was that the technically intricate phases of data research cycle, which require mathematical and computational skills can be performed by students at a reproductive level following the patterns, whereas the stages requiring data understanding and research design, can be executed creatively and productively. The hypothesis was tested during the online bootcamp aiming to enhance media and data literacy among 8-11 grade students. 53 students aged 14 to 18 from 26 Russian cities took part in the research. Throughout the course students examined textual socio-humanitarian data in geographically distributed teams. Their learning outcomes were compared to those obtained earlier from similar bootcamps on technical and engineering data. Contrary to widespread belief, the main challenge the school students face while learning the basics of data science and machine learning is not the complexities of programming or Math statistics. When dealing with the socio-humanitarian object of research, students successfully coped with computational tasks, but they encountered challenges producing the research design and interpreting results. The study shows that the development of the students' competencies in the basics of scientific research methodology should be considered as a necessary and critical component of educational programs that involve data inquiry. The findings of this study were used for the development of a competency model of data literacy.
Lev S. Vygotsky (1896 – 1934)
Authors: Ivich I.
Published: April 2024

This paper is written in a series of Prospect’s texts on most important educators. Therefore, the focus in this paper is on Vygotsky’s conception of education (learning). In case of Vygotsky, concept of the education is tightly linked to his general theory of mental development. Namely, his concept on development of higher mental function as sociogenesis of these functions imply formative role of socio-cultural factors, i.e. learning in a true sense. Consequently, Vygotsky’s main ideas on education are derived from his theory of higher mental function. In more specific approach Vygotsky sees the education (learning) and the school learning as one form of development, “an artificial development” (especially an acquisition of the system of scientific concepts). Such ideas of Vygotsky have major value at present for critical analyses of real process of school learning and its improvement.
Constructive Functions of Dreams: From a Theoretical Model to an Empirical Validation. Part 2
Authors: Osin E.N. , Egorova P.A. , Kedrova N.B.
Published: April 2024

The second part of the article presents an empirical investigation of the hypotheses concerning the positive functions of dreaming set forth in the first part of the article. Study 1 describes the development and validation of the Constructive dreaming Inventory (CDI). The bifactor four-factor ESEM model showed good agreement with empirical data: the questionnaire includes the Overall Constructive Dreaming Index and four specific scales (Dream Presence, Dream Value, Dream Absorption, and Belief in one’s Dream). CDI showed good evidence of structural and convergent validity and sufficiently high scale reliability (a>0.76) for research purposes. In study 2, we tested hypotheses about the correlation of the constructive dreaming (CD) intensity with a range of indicators of positive functioning. We discovered that CD has moderate connections with mental health and well-being, personal autonomy and self-determination, balanced time perspective, eudaimonic motives, and a more positive prognosis of one’s ability to reach one’s personal goals. The hypothesis about the positive associations of CD with the predominance of intrinsic aspirations over extrinsic ones was not proven. Nevertheless, the results suggested that dreams and dreaming play an important role in emotional and motivational regulation of mental activity.
The Usage of the Rorschach Test in the 20-30s in the USSR
Authors: Nikonova E.Y. , Rupchev G.E.
Published: April 2024

The present article addresses and structures the history of the application of the Rorschach test during the period of 1923 to 1936 in the Soviet Union. Hermann Rorschach visited the Russian Empire three times and was familiar with Russian psychoanalysts. His test was published in 1921 in Switzerland. By 1923 was published I.N. Dyakov’s article with the description of the test. The Rorschach test was used with children with normal development, gifted children and those with various deviations in paedology, clinical psychology and psychiatry. It was used for studying the personality of a perpetrator and for examining individuals who had committed a crime. A.E. Petrova very well described the application of the test she used in studying a “primitive” psyche ofchildren and adult perpetrators, and of patients with schizophrenia and epilepsy. L.S. Vygotsky valued highly A.E. Petrova's works and cited them in his lectures. The Rorschach test was also included in the series of tests for studying a perpetrator's personality, it was employed in the psychiatric examination to study the personality of the offender and the crime, it was also used in Serbsky State Scientific Institute for Social and Forensic Psychiatry. In 1936, after the publication of the resolution of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union Communist Party on the paedological perversions in the system of the People's Commissariats for Education, the usage of the test discontinued.
Las mujeres y la financiación del comercio marítimo mediterráneo en la baja Edad Media
Authors: Montañana Casaní Amparo
Published: April 2024

El instrumento de financiación del comercio marítimo mediterráneo en la baja Edad Media fue la comenda mercantil. Encontramos testimonio de la participación de mujeres en dicha actividad mercantil en una serie de comendas documentadas notarialmente. A través del análisis de estos documentos surge la imagen de una mulier oeconomica que es capaz de decidir y actuar racionalmente persiguiendo un ánimo de lucro personal.
Features of organizing the provision of emergency medical care on-site in the city of Saint Petersburg
Authors: Karailanov Mikhail G. , Panfilov Mikhail S. , Cherkasov Sergey N. , Prokin Igor’ G.
Published: April 2024

Special attention is paid to the development of primary health care and emergency medical care in our country, since timely prevention of the development of diseases and early provision of medical care to citizens is a priority task facing the domestic healthcare system. National projects and programs in healthcare are aimed at improving the provision of medical care, preventing diseases and promoting a healthy lifestyle. Providing emergency medical care is undoubtedly associated with all types of medical care and is an effective factor. Timely provision of emergency medical care contributes to a favorable outcome for each patient. That is why the need to analyze the experience of organizing the provision of emergency medical care on-site in a medical organization providing primary health care is of utmost importance. The purpose of the study is to analyze the organization of emergency medical care on-site in the city of St. Petersburg and identify its features. The research materials included analyzed orders of the Russian Ministry of Health, orders of the Health Committee of the city of St. Petersburg, open literary sources, medical documentation of the emergency department of a medical organization providing primary health care. As a result of the analysis and based on the data obtained, proposals were developed to improve the organization of emergency medical care on-site in the city of St. Petersburg, taking into account the existing shortcomings.
Modern technologies of early diagnosis of wound infection
Authors: Svistunov Sergey A. , Kuzin Alexander A. , Zharkov Denis A. , Lantsov Evgeny V. , Morozov Sergey A. , Svistunova Irina A. , Shkarupa Vitaly V.
Published: April 2024

The article presents an analysis of the data of modern literature devoted to the study of early diagnosis of wound infection. It is well known that wound healing is a very complex and dynamic mechanism of wound re-epithelialization. At the same time, the normal microflora of the skin plays an important function for maintaining homeostasis and the formation of the skin. There are about 1000 species of microorganisms belonging to the normal flora of human skin and do not cause any harm to healthy people. At the same time, there are microorganisms that, when they enter the wound, lead to the development of infectious complications of wounds as a result of a violation of the integrity of the skin. They include both gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., Morganella spp., etc.). Early detection of these microorganisms will contribute to timely and high-quality treatment of wound infection. Currently, there are certain conditions that limit the use of microbiological research methods used to establish a clinical diagnosis of wound infection (long duration, labor intensity, required level of qualification of specialists, etc.). This dictates the need to develop new, fast and easy-to-use methods for diagnosing wound infection. To this end, a group of researchers from Russia (Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology) and the USA (University of Texas at Austin) have recently developed wearable sensors for the diagnosis of wound infection. These sensors can be embedded in wound dressings and are able to detect certain biomarkers indicating the presence of wound infection. Among these biomarkers, pH and uric acid are the most commonly used, but there are many others (lactic acid, oxygenation, inflammatory mediators, bacterial metabolites or the bacteria themselves). Currently, the development of microelectronics, the emergence of biochemical sensors, active microfluidics and painless microneedles have led to the creation of new generations of wearable biosensors that provide completely new opportunities in the fight against wound infection.
There are strategies for screening and prevention of cervical cancer
Authors: Sadovaya Nataliya D. , Bezmenko Aleksandr A.
Published: April 2024

The epidemiological situation of cervical cancer is assessed as unsatisfactory in Russia. The morbidity rate is one of the highest in Europe, and morbidity and mortality rates continue to increase. There were 12,201 new cases of cervical malignant lesions, 6,322 women in our country died from this disease, and the mortality rate was 9.6 per 100,000 women in 2021. At the same time, cervical cancer is one of the few nosological forms of malignant neoplasms that can currently be prevented through vaccination. The disease is suitable for population screening for secondary prevention. Large-scale vaccination against human papillomavirus and properly organized population screening have reduced the mortality rate from cervical cancer to 2 cases per 100 thousand women in 2020 in Australia. If the country continues to stay the course, by 2034 the number of fatalities will be less than 1 in 100,000 per year. The article provides an analysis of current approaches to screening and prevention of cervical cancer worldwide to determine a more effective strategy. We anticipate that the collaborative actions of a health care organization, motivated health care providers, and women interested in their health will lead to a positive trend in cervical cancer prevention in our state.
Antibacterial wound coating based on chitosan and povidone, obtained by 3D printing
Authors: Golovko Konstantin P. , Yudin Vladimir E. , Ovchinnikov Dmitriy V. , Barsuk Il’ya A. , Ivan’kova Elena М. , Alexandrov Viktor N. , Nashchekina Yuliya A. , Gorgina Ekaterina M. , Bozhkova Svetlana  A.
Published: April 2024

The objective of this study was to develop a method for forming an antimicrobial wound coating based on chitosan and polyvinylpyrrolidone using 3D printing technology.
The properties of the coating were then studied in vitro and in vivo to improve the treatment outcomes of deep burns. The resulting coating was a 4% hydrogel of medium molecular weight chitosan with the addition of 1% povidone iodine and dermal fibroblasts. After transplantation, the coating was covered with “Foliderm” film. The coating was formed using an extrusion 3D bioprinter, with printing parameters determined experimentally. The samples were first studied in vitro. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the coating’s microarchitecture and its interaction with dermal fibroblasts. A colorimetric test was conducted to assess cell metabolic activity and cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity against reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus was analyzed. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the in vivo properties of the coating. Nineteen male Wistar rats were used in the study. An injury was inflicted that resulted in a deep thermal contact burn, affecting all layers of skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue, with an area of approximately 20 cm2. The animals were divided into three groups: experimental (with the application of the developed coating), comparative (using the traditional and widespread method of treatment with Levomekol ointment) and control (without treatment).
The study lasted for 38 days and found that the developed coating is highly biocompatible, atraumatic, elastic, and adheres well to wounds. Chitosan was used to create a porous structure with channels running parallel to each other. The coating cells are evenly distributed on the surface of the matrix, specifically on the walls of the pores. The inclusion of 1% povidone iodine in the polymer resulted in high antimicrobial activity without significantly affecting the activity of the cells in the composition. The experiment on applying a coating for treating deep thermal burns demonstrated that the developed coating had a positive effect on the wound healing process. This effect was characterized by a higher rate of epithelization and a significantly lower incidence of infectious complications compared to other experimental groups. In the histological study, the experimental group outperformed the control and comparison groups in the quality of the formed granulation tissue, the number of newly formed capillaries, and the severity of the local inflammatory process.
Pengembangan produk kukis ikan gabus (Channa striata) menggunakan mixture design
Authors: Salampessy Randi Bokhy Syuliana , Susanto Arif , Irianto Hari Eko
Published: April 2024

Ikan gabus (Channa striata) memiliki kandungan protein yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan telur, daging ayam, dan daging sapi. Produk cookies dapat ditingkatkan nilai gizinya melalui penambahan daging ikan gabus. Tujuan penelitian ini menentukan formula terbaik kukis dengan penambahan daging ikan gabus dan dapat diterima oleh konsumen menggunakan mixture design. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah mixture design, dengan variabel yang diteliti adalah daging ikan gabus, tepung terigu, dan mentega. Kukis dievaluasi secara sensori oleh 30 panelis menggunakan uji hedonik. Produk terpilih dari hasil evaluasi sensori dianalisis secara kimiawi (analisis proksimat) dan mikrobiologis. Hasil terpilih pembuatan kukis yaitu 5% daging ikan gabus, 55% tepung terigu, dan 40% mentega. Hasil proksimat dari produk tepilih adalah kadar air 2,51%; abu 0,10%; lemak 11,77%; protein 6,73%; dan karbohidrat 79,24%. Hasil mikrobiologis produk terpilih adalah angka lempeng total 8×104 koloni/g, Escherichia coli maksimum 3 MPN/g, Salmonella dan Staphylococcus aureus tidak ditemukan, dan khamir <1×101 koloni/g.
Karakteristik fisikokimia tablet berbasis mikrokapsul minyak mata tuna dan spirulina
Authors: Sinulingga Fahri , Trilaksani Wini , Setyaningsih Iriani
Published: April 2024

Omega-3 sangat penting dalam pencegahan dampak penurunan kecerdasan. Kelemahan omega-3 sangat rentan teroksidasi, sehingga diperlukan bahan tambahan yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Spirulina platensis dapat diaplikasikan untuk pencegahan oksidasi omega-3 dalam bentuk sediaan kering. Tujuan penelitian ini menentukan formulasi terbaik kombinasi mikrokapsul minyak mata tuna dan S. platensis pada pembuatan tablet berdasarkan parameter fisikokimia, bilangan peroksida, dan aktivitas air. Penelitian ini terdiri atas tiga tahapan, yaitu ekstraksi dan mikroenkapsulasi minyak mata tuna, kultivasi S. platensis, dan formulasi tablet menggunakan metode kempa. Perlakuan formula tablet dibagi menjadi empat, yaitu F1 (mikrokapsul minyak mata tuna dan vitamin C) (300 mg: 140 mg), F2 (mikrokapsul minyak mata tuna dan kultur Spirulina) (280 mg: 160 mg), F3 (mikrokapsul minyak mata tuna dan kultur Spirulina) (300 mg: 140 mg), dan F4 (mikrokapsul minyak mata tuna dan Spirulina komersial) (300 mg: 140 mg).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan minyak mata tuna telah memenuhi standar dengan bilangan asam 0,26±0,01 mg KOH/g, nilai peroksida 4,07±0,25 meq/kg), nilai anisidin 8,21±0,15 meq/kg, dan total oksidasi 16,35±0,18 meq/kg serta efisiensi mikroenkapsulasi 91,14%.  Spirulina kultur yang digunakan juga sudah memenuhi standar mutu Spirulina kering dengan nilai kadar air 9,02±0,07%, abu 6,24±0,06%, protein 57,55±0,21%, lemak 2,07±0,02%, dan karbohidrat 25,12±0,16%. Formulasi tablet F3 merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan karakteristik fisik yang sesuai standar mutu tablet, nilai keregasan terkecil 0,55%, waktu hancur terkecil kurang dari 12 menit, dan kadar lemak 13,57%. Stabilitas bilangan peroksida dan aktivitas air selama penyimpanan menunjukkan formula F3 lebih stabil dibandingkan formula lainnya.
Blockchain-Enabled Marketing Analytics for Enhanced Campaign Transparency
Authors: Khair Md Abul
Published: April 2024

In the digital age, blockchain technology has enormous potential to transform marketing analytics and improve campaign transparency. This project aims to investigate how blockchain-enabled marketing analytics might enhance the efficacy and transparency of campaigns. The primary aims of the research were to examine the difficulties associated with conventional marketing analytics, investigate blockchain-based remedies, evaluate real-world case studies, deliberate on potential future paths and valuable suggestions, and evaluate the constraints and policy ramifications. The study's approach comprised a thorough analysis of case studies, literature, and professional comments from blockchain and marketing analytics experts. The fundamental discoveries include discovering blockchain-based solutions for conventional marketing analytics problems, presenting real-world applications through case studies, identifying future directions, and helpful adoption advice. The need for regulatory frameworks to manage data privacy issues, advance interoperability, and assist with initiatives for cooperation and education are among the policy consequences. This study sheds light on the revolutionary possibilities of blockchain-enabled marketing analytics for raising campaign transparency and spurring innovation in digital marketing.
Perception of the use and exposure to pesticides among farmers in Santana do Livramento, Rio Grande do Sul state - Brazil
Authors: Braga Terra Simone , Costa Machado Bibiana
Published: April 2024

The majority of farmers in Brazil have a low level of education, which makes it difficult for them to read and understand pesticide labels and can result in poisoning during field applications. The aim of this study was to verify the perception of farmers and rural workers in the district of Santana do Livramento, Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil, concerning the use of and exposure to pesticides, as well as the damage caused to their health and the environment. Thirty-one farmers who make use of pesticides on their property were interviewed, together with the people that apply the pesticides. The profile of those interviewed showed that the majority were male (87.5%), with a professional occupation characterised as rural worker (29.2%) and a high school education (29.15%). When reading the labels and pictograms, none of the respondents correctly defined the figures on the labels or knew their meaning, the conclusion being that comprehension is still a problem. The perception of the farmers concerning the use of and exposure to pesticides was considered low despite claiming to know the risks that exposure entails. However, their partial use of PPE and their difficulty in understanding the product labels would contradict this claim. In addition, a proportion of those interviewed had already experienced some symptoms of poisoning.
Connectomic deep brain stimulators in Parkinson`s sub cortical functional zones
Authors: Raju Venkateshwarla Rama
Published: April 2024

Shaking palsy is a brain disease involving motor and non motor zones affecting circa 1 to 2%of humans>60 years age. To date there has been no invention for curing this chronic disease and to stop its progression. But existing therapeutic procedures can offer symptomatic relief to Parkinson patients. DBS is most successful therapy for the Parkinson`s yet depends on the accuracy of electrode implantation and location within the anatomical subcortical neural-structures.

This study examines the likelihood of net-work-based induced stimuli and the application of connectomic DBS in Parkinson`s.

The subthalamic nucleus is divided into3 sub zones, namely, limbic (anterior), associative (middle) and motor (posterior) as well as diffusion weighted imaging (D W I). The surgical targets are tiny (few millimeters) and good enough to neuroanatomical-structures within the b r a i n. STN (size:12×5×3mm3) and lies nearby internal capsule, medial lemniscus, corticospinal tract, plus red-nucleus. Through sub optimal lead insertion and over stimuli, flow of electrons can spread to these adjoining sucortics, thereby developing dyskinesias ( ). With time, DW-MRI plus f-MRI is used to study the anatomical-structural functional connectivity in advanced idiopathic Parkinson`s. Contrasting conventional lesion based stimulus hypothesis, the novel net stimulus hypothesis advocated that induced stimulus of exact circuits of b r a i n can modulate pathophysiological net-work, reinstate near the tissue region, thus producing stabilization-of human-brain-connectome within Parkinson`s.

The DBS connectomes makes use of circuit based stimulus procedure instead of lesion-based stimulus, has transformed neuromodulation.

Connectomes via DBS can be tailor made for every Parkinson plus enhance the operation. It`s just a sketch for human-brain-connectivity (HMC) transversely compound longitudinal-scales. Yet, it won`t yield cell information plus cotacts with cells at the level of micro scale.
Post-encephalitic movement disorders - The natural course
Authors: Chakraborty Rajarshi , Pandey Shweta , Garg Ravindra Kumar , Malhotra Hardeep Singh , Khetan Ankit , Gupta Priyanka , Jain Sneh
Published: April 2024

Post-encephalitis syndrome can present with a multitude of movement disorders. Dystonia and parkinsonism are frequently observed during the course of acute viral encephalitis. The proper elucidation of genesis of such movements is yet to be determined. The advent of such abnormal movements and response to treatment needs further illustration. In this case series, we present the course of illness of three such patients over a long follow-up duration.
Capacidades científicas y tecnológicas en Uruguay: 35 años del proceso de construcción
Authors: Baptista Belén , Bianchi Carlos
Published: April 2024

Uruguay logró contener la expansión del virus SARS-CoV-2 con relativo éxito hasta la llegada de las vacunas, con una evolución de contagios similar a la de Corea del Sur durante los primeros nueve meses de la pandemia. Esta monografía parte del argumento que el país pudo aprovechar las capacidades de su sistema científico, tecnológico y de innovación para entender y monitorear la propagación del virus y su enfermedad, tomar decisiones basadas en evidencia y desarrollar soluciones a diferentes problemas urgentes. ¿Cómo desarrolló Uruguay esas capacidades que pudo movilizar y articular en muy poco tiempo para enfrentar la crisis? Esta monografía describe cómo Uruguay desarrolló su sistema científico y tecnológico desde el año 1985, con inversiones muy modestas pero sostenidas en el tiempo. El país plantea un caso de estudio relevante para otros países pequeños y también medianos de América Latina y el Caribe.
Evaluating Church Communications in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Tridente Giovanni
Published: April 2024

A complex challenge has emerged within the realm of institutional church communication, induced by the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI). This dynamism has undeniably enhanced numerous human capabilities but has simultaneously raised novel anthropological and ethical inquiries. This study aims to provide an overview of the reflections that have surfaced in recent years within this domain, as articulated by the ecclesiastical magisterium. Specifically, our analysis delves into the pronouncements of the last three pontiffs, subsequently giving rise to additional initiatives spearheaded by Holy See institutions, such as the Pontifical Academies, and contemplations within certain Catholic publications. This effort seeks to encapsulate plausible “guidelines” that ought to accompany the responsibilities of institutional communicators in the immediate future.
Flexural Experiments on B58 Type Railway Sleepers with Different Dosages of Steel Fibers
Authors: Kasapoğlu Ercan , Haktanır Tefaruk
Published: April 2024

The flexural strengths and toughnesses of 15 post-tensioned B58 type railway sleepers produced at the Turkish State Railroads Sivas Plant using C40 class concrete with addition of hooked steel fibers at dosages of 0, 20, 30, 40, 50 kg/m3 were experimentally determined. Four-point flexural experiments were applied to them in one month after their production and proper curing. Three cylindrical samples of 15×30 cm dimensions taken from the first and the fourth batches apiece were subjected to standard compression tests with compressometer rings mounted on each sample after having been cured in 21 °C water tank for 28 days, resulting in their compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. Modeling a railway sleeper as a post-tensioned reinforced-concrete beam, the maximum load it can resist in the experimented configuration was calculated by the ultimate-strength method using its dimensions and material properties. The experimentally-measured maximum load carried by the reference sleeper without any steel fibers was found to be 1.34 times the theoretically-calculated value, and the same ratio was found to be 1.59 for the sleepers having steel fibers of 40 kg/m3 dosage, accounting for an increase of 18%. And, the experimentally-measured toughness of the sleepers with 40 kg/m3 dosage steel fibers was found to be 23% greater than that of the reference sleepers.
Interpolation problems for random fields on Sierpinski’s carpet
Authors: Boichenko Viktoriia , Shchestyuk Nataliya , Florenko Anastasiia
Published: April 2024

The prediction of stochastic processes and the estimation of random fields of different natures is becoming an increasingly common field of research among scientists of various specialties. However, an analysis of papers across different estimating problems shows that a dynamic approach over an iterative and recursive interpolation of random fields on fractal is still an open area of investigation. There are many papers related to the interpolation problems of stationary sequences, estimation of random fields, even on the perforated planes, but all of this still provides a place for an investigation of a more complicated structure like a fractal, which might be more beneficial in appliances of certain industry fields. For example, there has been a development of mobile phone and WiFi fractal antennas based on a first few iterations of the Sierpinski carpet. In this paper, we introduce an estimation for random fields on the Sierpinski carpet, based on the usage of the known spectral density, and calculation of the spectral characteristic that allows an estimation of the optimal linear functional of the omitted points in the field. We give coverage of an idea of stationary sequence estimating that is necessary to provide a basic understanding of the approach of the interpolation of one or a set of omitted values. After that, the expansion to random fields allows us to deduce a dynamic approach on the iteration steps of the Sierpinski carpet. We describe the numerical results of the initial iteration steps and demonstrate a recurring pattern in both the matrix of Fourier series coefficients of the spectral density and the result of the optimal linear functional estimation. So that it provides a dependency between formulas of the different initial sizes of the field as well as a possible generalizing of the solution for N-steps in the Sierpinski carpet. We expect that further evaluation of the mean squared error of this estimation can be used to identify the possible iteration step when further estimation becomes irrelevant, hence allowing us to reduce the cost of calculations and make the process viable.
Weakly nonlinear models of stochastic wave propagation in two-layer hydrodynamic systems
Authors: Avramenko Olga , Naradovyi Volodymyr
Published: April 2024

The paper discusses three-dimensional models of the propagation of stochastic internal waves in hydrodynamic systems: ’half-space - half-space’, ’half-space - layer with rigid lid’, and ’layer with solid bottom - layer with rigid lid’. In constructing the models, the layers are considered to be ideal fluids separated by a contact surface. The main objective of the modeling is to obtain a dynamic equation for the stochastic amplitude of surface waves. A comparative analysis of the obtained results has been conducted. In order to control the contribution of nonlinear terms, a dimensionless non-numerical parameter has been introduced. The models are distinguished by boundary conditions that determine the general form of solutions. As a result, a dynamic equation for the stochastic amplitude of internal waves has been derived. After ensemble averaging of the amplitudes, the dynamic equation is formulated in integral form using Fourier-Stieltjes integrals. The dynamic equation reveals two-wave and three-wave interactions, as well as the contribution of dispersion to wave dynamics. An investigation of the boundary case of the transition of internal waves in the ’half-space - half-space’ system to surface waves in the absence of an upper liquid layer confirms the validity of the results.
The Influence of TAM Variables and Financial Literacy on QRIS Payment Decisions with Interest as an Intervening Variable (Study on Semarang State Polytechnic Students)
Authors: Edi Wijayanto  , Muhammad Rois  , Theresia Tyas Listyani  , Sri Widiyati  , Manarotul Fatati
Published: April 2024

The rapid evolution of digital technology, especially in the digital economy and payment sector, has driven the widespread adoption of digital payment services utilizing QR Codes. The Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS), introduced by Bank Indonesia and the Indonesian Payment System Association (ASPI) on August 17, 2019, serves as the national QR code standard, facilitating QR code-based payments across Indonesia. QRIS presently allows the acceptance of payment applications, whether from banks or non-banks, at various establishments. This study, involving 370 students from a population of 6,128, utilizes the Structural Equation Model (SEM) for analysis, demonstrating a robust fit with a GFI value surpassing 0.913. The findings reveal that TAM variables—perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, and financial literacy—significantly influence decision of QRIS payment through interest in adopting digital payments as an intervening variable, supported by probability values below 5%
Analysis of the influence of mechanical element discontinuities on unbalancing
Authors: Rodrigues Gladson Willian Pereira , Büchner Paulo Cezar , Reis Alexandre Martins , Silva Charles Luís da , Horikawa Natália Rie , Ventorim Estéfani de Vargas
Published: April 2024

The study of rotor unbalancing is essential for safety and reliability in the design of machinery and other mechanical structures with rotating parts. By understanding the dynamic behavior and effects of unbalanced components, engineers can address this issue and establish a maintenance program to safeguard mechanical systems from excessive vibrations and prevent catastrophic failures, primarily due to fatigue. Balancing in one and two planes is the most common procedure to correct unbalanced masses in rotating parts. In this work, the aim is to advance the understanding of the effects of mass distribution in irregular-section parts and develop a tool to calculate and improve balancing. In certain situations, there are local limitations to corrections, such as adding correction mass due to irregularities and machine element constraints. To validate the proposed solution, a sample of a crankshaft and a camshaft actuation mechanism was used, where unbalancing is a common issue due to the inherent geometric discontinuities in these types of components. The achieved result demonstrated the validity of the application, allowing the balancing of the samples within the levels recommended by the standard.
Perfil e necessidades odontológicas de pacientes na primeiríssima infância atendidos em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde
Authors: Santana Cassemiro Sabrina , Pagani Martins Caroline , Dalefi Rafael de Azevedo , Caldarelli Pablo Guilherme
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: avaliar o perfil e as necessidades odontológicas de pacientes em primeiríssima infância atendidos em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo e transversal realizado através da análise de prontuários físicos de nascidos entre janeiro de 2020 e janeiro de 2023, em Londrina/Paraná. Destes, coletou-se dados quanto ao perfil e necessidades odontológicas. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Resultados: considerou-se 298 prontuários. Foram identificados 151 (50,7%) pacientes do sexo feminino, 258 (86,6%) não possuíam problemas de saúde, 162 (54,4%) tiveram sua primeira consulta entre 0 a 6 meses, 194 (65,1%) realizavam higiene bucal, 196 (65,8%) possuíam hábitos deletérios, 253 (84,9%) das consultas foram preventivas e 145 (48,7%) tiveram uma consulta. Conclusão: a identificação do perfil e das necessidades odontológicas dos bebês atendidos na atenção primária é fundamental para o planejamento e qualificação das ações direcionadas à promoção de saúde bucal dessa faixa etária.
Metodologia para derivação de conversores cc-cc elevadores de alto ganho baseados em conexões diferenciais
Authors: De Andrade Jéssika Melo , Salvador Marcos Antonio , Coelho Roberto Francisco , Lazzarin Telles Brunelli
Published: April 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia para síntese de topologias de alto ganho a partir da conexão diferencial entre conversores cc-cc básicos. Tais conversores básicos podem ser iguais ou diferentes, mas devem compartilhar referência comum entre entrada e saída e tensões de saída de mesma polaridade. Além da metodologia e da análise de alguns dos conversores sintetizados em modo de condução contínua, o artigo discute sobre processamento parcial de potência, redução de componentes, adição de células de ganho, modelagem e estratégias de controle. A metodologia proposta é verificada por meio de dez protótipos derivados da conexão diferencial entre conversores básicos, considerando tensão de entrada de 20 V, razão cíclica de 0,75 e potência nominal de 100 W. Três novos conversores cc-cc de ultra alto ganho também são sintetizados a partir da inserção de células de ganho nos conversores diferenciais propostos, sendo dois deles avaliados experimentalmente, apresentado rendimentos máximos próximo de 97%.
Teachers’ perceptions of active learning method in Afghanistan
Authors: Himat Abdul Nafi , Noor Noorullah
Published: April 2024

Active learning has brought many changes in the educational context. The objectives of this study were to examine the perception of teachers towards the student-centered method and the challenges that hinder its implementation in two high schools in Kandahar, Afghanistan. A quantitative approach was employed, and the data was collected through a questionnaire. The participants were eighty-six teachers, and they were elected through a random sample. The findings revealed that instructors have a positive view regarding the student-centered method. Similarly, teachers support the active involvement of students, and persuade students during the teaching, and they are responsible for the learning of learners. Likewise, teachers connect new lessons with learners’ prior experiences, and they motivate them to provide comments about their learning to lecturers. The large number of students, deficiency of teaching materials, and lack of time were the challenges to the use of a learner-centered approach.

Keywords: Active learning; challenges; perceptions; teachers