bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Steel and polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete– A review
Authors:   Research Scholar, Vel Tech RR Dr.Sagunthala R&, Sriram M. ,   D Institute of Science &,   Technology,  Chennai, Aswin Sidhaarth K.R. ,   Associate Professor, Vel Tech RR Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science & Technology,  Chennai
Published: December 2021

Increasing demand and inadequate materials availability leads the researchers to find alternate materials. In general, hybrid fiber is nothing but mixture of two or more fibers. In this review, various properties of steel fibers and polypropylene fibers were studied. In order to study the physical and mechanical properties of steel fiber, polypropylene fiber and other materials used in concrete, various tests such as Slump cone test, Compaction factor, Compressive strength , flexural strength etc., were used. Hybrid fibers have the tendency to control cracks at different levels. Workability of concrete get reduced due to more addition of steel fibers.The addition of steel fiber and polypropylene fiber results in an increase of 12 to 14.30% compressive strength, 33 to 36.6% increase in flexural strength and 9 to 10.16% increase in split tensile strength. Addition of most favorable amount 0.9 to 1% of steel fiber and 0.9 to 1% of polypropylene fiber gives maximum compressive strength up to 41.67 to 42.68%. Split tensile strength increases by increasing the fiber content in concrete but workability decreases when steel fiber content is increased in concrete.
Regarding the management of an elderly patient with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Bilovol O. M. , Knyazkova I. I.
Published: December 2021

The increase in the proportion of elderly people observed in the population is accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of age-related diseases, including atrial fibrillation. In the treatment of such patients it is necessary to discuss the feasibility of prescribing anticoagulants to prevent ischemic stroke and systemic thromboembolism. The article presents scales that are used to assess the risk of thromboembolic complications and the risk of bleeding. The parameters that should be taken into account when prescribing oral anticoagulants to elderly patients are determined, the principles of bleeding risk management are given. The listed risk factors for bleeding, which are modified, potentially modified and not modified. Attention is paid to the description of specific antidotes to oral anticoagulants, the use of which has expanded in recent years, so many health professionals should know the main pharmacological effects of these drugs, be able to assess their anticoagulant effect in critical conditions and optimally cancel if necessary.
Discovery of 40.5 ks Hard X-Ray Pulse-phase Modulations from SGR 1900+14
Authors: Makishima K. , Tamba T. , Aizawa Y. , Odaka H. , Yoneda H. , Enoto T. , Suzuki H.
Published: December 2021

X-ray timing properties of the magnetar SGR 1900+14 were studied, using the data taken with Suzaku in 2009 and NuSTAR in 2016, for a time lapse of 114 and 242 ks, respectively. On both occasions, the object exhibited the characteristic two-component spectrum. The soft component, dominant in energies below ∼5 keV, showed a regular pulsation, with a period of P = 5.21006 s as determined with the Suzaku XIS, and P = 5.22669 with NuSTAR. However, in ≳ 6 keV where the hard component dominates, the pulsation became detectable with the Suzaku HXD and NuSTAR only after the data were corrected for periodic pulse-phase modulation, with a period of T = 40 − 44 ks and an amplitude of ≈1 s. Further correcting the two data sets for complex energy dependences in the phase modulation parameters, the hard X-ray pulsation became fully detectable, in 12–50 keV with the HXD and 6–60 keV with NuSTAR, using a common value of T = 40.5 ± 0.8 ks. Thus, SGR 1900+14 becomes a third example, after 4U 0142+61 and 1E 1547−5408, to show the hard X-ray pulse-phase modulation, and a second case of energy dependences in the modulation parameters. The neutron star in this system is inferred to perform free precession, as it is axially deformed by ≈ P/T = 1.3 × 10−4, presumably due to ∼ 1016 G toroidal magnetic fields. As a counterexample, the Suzaku data of the binary pulsar 4U 1626−67 were analyzed, but no similar effect was found. These results altogether argue against the accretion scenario for magnetars.
Modeling the High-resolution Emission Spectra of Clear and Cloudy Nontransiting Hot Jupiters
Authors: Malsky Isaac , Rauscher Emily , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Roman Michael , Long Deryl , Harada Caleb K.
Published: December 2021

The advent of high-resolution spectroscopy (R ≳ 25,000) as a method for characterization of exoplanet atmospheres has expanded our capability to study nontransiting planets, vastly increasing the number of planets accessible for observation. Many of the most favorable targets for atmospheric characterization are hot Jupiters, where we expect large spatial variation in physical conditions such as temperature, wind speed, and cloud coverage, making viewing geometry important. Three-dimensional models have generally simulated observational properties of hot Jupiters assuming edge-on viewing, which can be compared to observations of transiting planets, but neglected the large fraction of planets without nearly edge-on orbits. As the first investigation of how orbital inclination manifests in high-resolution emission spectra from three-dimensional models, we use a general circulation model to simulate the atmospheric structure of Upsilon Andromedae b, a typical nontransiting hot Jupiter with high observational interest, due the brightness of its host star. We compare models with and without clouds, and find that cloud coverage intensifies spatial variations by making colder regions dimmer and relatedly enhancing emission from the clear, hotter regions. This increases both the net Doppler shifts and the variation of the continuum flux amplitude over the course of the planet’s orbit. In order to accurately capture scattering from clouds, we implement a generalized two-stream radiative transfer routine for inhomogeneous multiple scattering atmospheres. As orbital inclination decreases, four key features of the high-resolution emission spectra also decrease in both the clear and cloudy models: (1) the average continuum flux level, (2) the amplitude of the variation in continuum with orbital phase, (3) net Doppler shifts of spectral lines, and (4) Doppler broadening in the spectra. Models capable of treating inhomogeneous cloud coverage and different viewing geometries are critical in understanding results from high-resolution emission spectra, enabling an additional avenue to investigate these extreme atmospheres.
Implications of the Low-frequency Turnover in the Spectrum of Radio Knot C in DG Tau
Authors: Björnsson C.-I.
Published: December 2021

The synchrotron spectrum of radio knot C in the protostellar object DG Tau has a low-frequency turnover. This is used to show that its magnetic field strength is likely to be at least 10 mG, which is roughly two orders of magnitude larger than previously estimated. The earlier, lower value is due to an overestimate of the emission volume together with an omission of the dependence of the minimum magnetic field on the synchrotron spectral index. Since the source is partially resolved, this implies a low volume-filling factor for the synchrotron emission. It is argued that the high pressure needed to account for the observations is due to shocks. In addition, cooling of the thermal gas is probably necessary in order to further enhance the magnetic field strength as well as the density of relativistic electrons. It is suggested that the observed spectral index implies that the energy of the radio-emitting electrons is below that needed to take part in first-order Fermi acceleration. Hence, the radio emission gives insights to the properties of its pre-acceleration phase. Attention is also drawn to the similarities between the properties of radio knot C and the shock-induced radio emission in supernovae.
Simulating the Outcome of a Binary Neutron Star Merger in a Common Envelope Jets Supernova
Authors: Akashi Muhammad , Soker Noam
Published: December 2021

We simulate the influence of the energy that the merger process of two neutron stars (NSs) releases inside a red supergiant (RSG) star on the RSG envelope inner to the merger location. In the triple-star common envelope evolution (CEE) that we consider, a tight binary system of two NSs spiraling in inside an RSG envelope and because of mass accretion and dynamical friction, the two NSs merge. We deposit merger-explosion energies of 3 × 1050 and 1051 erg at distances of 25 and 50 R
⊙ from the center of the RSG, and with the three-dimensional hydrodynamical code FLASH we follow the evolution of the RSG envelope in inner regions. For the parameters we explore, we find that more than 90% of the RSG envelope mass inward of the merger site stays bound to the RSG. NSs that experience CEE are likely to accrete RSG envelope mass through an accretion disk that launches jets. These jets power a luminous transient event, a common envelope jets supernova (CEJSN). The merger process adds to the CEJSN energy. Our finding implies that the interaction of the merger product, a massive NS or a BH, with the envelope can continue to release more energy, both by further inspiraling and by mass accretion by the merger product. Massive RSG envelopes can force the merger product to spiral into the core of the RSG, leading to an even more energetic CEJSN.
A demographic survey on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites based on socioeconomic determinants in Pakistan
Authors: Irum Shumaila , Ahsan Arbab , Ahmed Haroon , Khan Aisha , Yayi Guan , Mehboob Mudabbar , Gunyakti Kilinc Seyma , Kesik Harun Kaya , Afzal Muhammad Sohail , Ali Shahzad , Mehmood Majid , Celik Figen , Simsek Sami
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The present study was conducted to investigate prevalence of intestinal parasites and the risk factors related to socio-demographic characteristics of patients admitted in pathology ward, General Hospital, Gujranwala.

Methodology: 318 stool samples were collected from patients and examined under light microscope by using wet mount technique. While socio-demographic information was collected in the form of a questionnaire.

Results: The results showed seven (n = 7) species of intestinal parasites were prevalent in stool samples of patients. Among them, four (n = 4) were helminth and three (n = 3) were protozoan parasites causing single and mixed infections. Overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 78.3% (n = 249/318) considering both male and female patients. Highest prevalence was recorded for A. lumbricoides (n = 125, 39.3%) followed by H. nana (n = 10, 3.1%), S. stercoralis and T. saginata (n = 6, 1.9%). Among protozoan parasites, higher prevalence was recorded in G. lamblia (n = 23, 7.2%) followed by E. histolytica (n = 21, 6.6%). Among single infections, the most prevalent parasite was A. lumbricoides and less prevalent parasites were S. stercoralis and T. saginata. The factors that had significant effect (p < 0.05) on prevalence of parasitic species were contaminated water, food, soil, and surrounding environment.

Conclusions: The present study determined that the parasite helminth (A. lumbricoides, H. nana, S. stercoralis, T. saginata) and protozoan (G. lamblia and E. histolytica) are common that pose an important public health concern in Pakistan.
Draft genome sequence of first Vibrio diabolicus in Mexico strain InDRE-D1-M1, an emergent threat
Authors: Nava-Soberanes Elena Berenice , Mendieta-Condado Edgar Ruben , Garcés-Ayala Fabiola , Araiza-Rodríguez Adnan , Aguilera-Perez Pablo , Alfaro-López Alberto , Ibarra-Buelna Alma Cecilia , Montes-Colima Norma Angélica , López-Martínez Irma , Hernández-Rivas Lucía , Méndez-Tenorio Afonso , González-Villa Maribel , Membrillo-Hernandez Jorge , Ramírez-González José Ernesto , Buelna-Romero Alma Guadalupe
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The complete genome of the marine environmental bacterium Vibrio diabolicus isolated from raw shrimp in the city of Guadalajara in the state of Jalisco in Mexico is reported here.

Methodology: Vibrio spp. it was isolated and identified using standard microbiological and molecular techniques. Whole genome sequencing was performed using the Miseq system (Illumina, USA).

Results: The Multi Locus Sequence Typing profile of the isolated Vibrio bacteria coincided only with 4 specific loci (atpA, gyrB, pyrH and recA) and with a total coverage of the species belonging to Vibrio spp. Analysis of the complete genome of the Vibrio isolate and other closely related species, using the genomic fingerprints of the Virtual Analysis Method for PHylogenomic fingerprint estimation (VAMPHyRe) software, revealed the clustering of this species among the clade Vibrio diabolicus. The antibiogram revealed that this strain of Vibrio diabolicus is resistant to ampicillin, which is consistent with the bioinformatic finding of the β-lactamase enzyme that hydrolyzes carbenicillin class A.

Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the environmental marine bacterium Vibrio diabolicus contains carrier genes associated with pathogenicity and ecological function, which could represent a threat to public health.
“I prefer to get coronavirus than to stop working”: the street vendor’s perspective
Authors: Delgado-Enciso Josuel , Delgado-Machuca Marina , Mokay-Ramírez Karen A , Barajas-Saucedo Carlos E , Romero-Michel Jessica C , Fuentes-Murguia Mercedes , Aurelien-Cabezas Nomely S , Tiburcio-Jimenez Daniel , Toscano-Velazquez Jose A , Meza-Robles Carmen , Hernandez-Rangel Alejandra E , Walle-Guillen Mireya , Delgado-Enciso Osiris G , Guzman Esquivel Jose , Rojas-Larios Fabian , Zaizar-Fregoso Sergio A , Martinez-Fierro Margarita L , Rodriguez Sanchez Iram P , Melnikov Valery , Espinoza-Gomez Francisco , Delgado-Enciso Ivan
Published: December 2021

During phase 2 of the COVID-19 pandemic in a Mexican City, informal street vendors (cases) and formal employees (controls) were interviewed. A total of 82.6% of street vendors preferred to expose themselves to the coronavirus than to stop working, compared with 18.4% of formal employees (adjusted OR = 19.4, 95%CI: 4.6-81.7, p < 0.001). Street vendors had 7 times less fear of dying from coronavirus (adjusted OR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03-0.5, p = 0.005) and showed a 16-times greater lack of real concern for the increase in cases in their community than the formal employees (adjusted OR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01-0.3, p = 0.002). Street vendors were the group with the poorest adherence to household and work area containment measures that continued to be in contact with others. The corresponding authorities must plan specific strategies that allow street vendors to survive economically, while at the same time, protecting community health.
Treatment of difficult-to-treat-dermatophytosis: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Fonseka Sanjeewani , Bandara Dilan Dileepa Jayarathne , Wickramaarachchi Dasun Chathumina , Narankotuwa Narankotuwe Gedara Kumudu Hasanka Heshani , Kumarasiri Pallegoda Vithana Ranjith
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Difficult-to-treat dermatophytosis is an emerging public health problem in Sri Lanka. Safe, effective and affordable treatment is needed to solve this problem. Therefore this study has assessed the effectiveness and safety of modified Whitfield ointment applied twice daily with oral griseofulvin 500 mg daily given over 8 weeks in patients with difficult-to-treat dermatophytosis.

Methodology: A randomized, double-blind, within-patient-placebo-controlled trial was conducted in patients with clinico- mycologically (history, physical examination, direct light microscopy examination of scales in potassium hydroxide mount) confirmed difficult-to-treat dermatophytosis. Lesions were randomized to receive modified Whitfield ointment (5% benzoic acid and 5% salicylic acid) or emulsifying ointment. All patients were given oral griseofulvin 500mg once daily. The outcome measures were clinical assessment of disease severity, the total surface area of the lesions and the patient’s perception of the disease severity at baseline and every two weeks up to a maximum of 8 weeks.

Results: Thirty patients completed the study. At two weeks, there was a statistically significant improvement in modified Whitfield ointment arm in the clinical assessment of disease severity and the patients' perception. There was a 7.59% reduction in the surface area of lesions in modified Whitfield ointment arm and a 5.83% increase in the surface area of lesions in the emulsifying ointment arm at two weeks. The difference between the two arms in surface area changes was not statistically significant (p = 0.107, df = 29).

Conclusions: A combination of modified Whitfield ointment with griseofulvin is significantly effective, safe and affordable option for treating difficult-to-treat dermatophytosis in the tropics.
Risk factors associated with drug-resistant tuberculosis in prisons in Sāo Paulo State, Brazil (2006-2016)
Authors: De Almeida Crispim Juliane , Arroyo Luiz Henrique , Zamboni Berra Thaís , Lima dos Santos Felipe , Limirio Souza Ludmilla Leidianne , Alves Yan Mathias , Vieira Ramos Antônio Carlos , Inomata Bruce Alexandre Tadashi , Yamamura Mellina , Rolim Scholze Alessandro , Pinto de Andrade Hamilton Leandro , Meneguetti Pieri Flávia , Carvalho Pinto Ione , Fredemir Palha Pedro , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Prisons are high-risk settings for drug-resistant tuberculosis because the prevalence of the tuberculosis (TB) is much higher than in the general population. This study to investigated the factors associated with drug-resistant tuberculosis in prisons in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Methodology: Retrospective cohort of drug-resistant TB cases for incarcerated people in São Paulo state, reported in the Tuberculosis Patient Control System between 2006 and 2016. To analyze the factors associated with drug-resistant TB, the backward method (likelihood ratio) was used, determining the adjusted odds ratio and respective 95%CI coefficients. Multiple models were proposed to adjust for potential confusion and interaction. The best fit model was selected based on the lowest Akaike information criterion coefficient.

Results: In total, 473 drug-resistant tuberculosis cases were reported in the prison population of Sāo Paulo state, the majority were male. The cases that presented negative results for sputum smear and sputum culture had, respectively, an aOR=0.6 and aOR=0.16 for drug-resistant tuberculosis in relation to the cases with positive results. The cases where the patient had AIDS and reported alcoholism, respectively, an aOR=1.47 and aOR=1.60 for drug-resistant TB. Individuals with a background treatment history for TB presented a stronger association with drug-resistant tuberculosis, aOR=35.08.

Conclusions: Sputum spear, sputum culture, chest X-ray, AIDS, alcoholism and background treatment history for TB were factors associated with resistance to antituberculosis drugs among prisoners. This is useful for the implementation of disease control measures related to the detection and monitoring of cases in the prison system.
Synergistic antibacterial activity of herbal extracts with antibiotics on bacteria responsible for periodontitis
Authors: Abullais Saquib Shahabe , Abdullah AlQahtani Nabeeh , Ahmad Irfan , Arora Suraj , Mohammed Asif Shaik , Ahmed Javali Mukhatar , Nisar Nazima
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Development of bacterial resistance and antimicrobial side-effect has shifted the focus of research toward Ethnopharmacology. A biologically active compound derived from the plants may increase the effectiveness of antibiotic when used in combination. The present study aims to determine the synergistic antibacterial effect of ethanolic extracts of Punica granatum (pericarp), Commiphora molmol, Azadirachta indica (bark) in combination with amoxicillin, metronidazole, tetracycline, and azithromycin on periodontopathic bacteria: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.

Methodology: Periodontopathic bacterial strains were isolated from the plaque sample that was collected from periodontitis patients and grown under favorable conditions. Susceptibility of bacteria to the antibiotics and extracts was determined by disc diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zones. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of plant extracts were evaluated against each bacterium. Synergistic effect of plant extract in combination with antibiotics was tested against each bacterium by measuring the diameter of zone of inhibition (ZOI).

Results: Findings revealed that all plant extracts exhibited an inhibitory effects on the proliferation and growth of periodontopathic bacteria. The maximum antibacterial effect was exhibited by C. molmol on P. gingivalis (ZOI = 20 ± 0.55 mm, MIC = 0.53 ± 0.24 mg/mL and MBC = 5.21 ± 1.81 mg/mL) (p < 0.05), meanwhile, no antibacterial activity was exhibited by P. granatum on T. forsythia. Synergistic antibacterial effect was recorded when plant extracts were used in combination with antibiotics. The best synergism was exhibited by P. granatum with amoxicillin against A. actinomycetemcomitans (24 ± 1.00 mm) (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The synergistic test showed significant antibacterial activity when plant extracts were combined with antibiotics against all the experimented bacteria.
A new species of Leonhardia Reitter, 1901 (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Leptodirini) from Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a key to species of the genus
Authors: Ćurčić Srećko , Vesović Nikola , Vrbica Maja , Popović Slađana , Radovanović Željko , Ćurčić Nina B. , Rađa Tonći
Published: December 2021

A new leptodirine leiodid beetle species belonging to the genusLeonhardiaReitter, 1901,L. solakisp. nov., from a pit in Bosnia and Herzegovina (western Balkan Peninsula) is described and diagnosed. Important morphological features of the new species are listed and photographed. The new species is endemic to the Dinarides of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A key for identification of species and subspecies of the genusLeonhardiais also provided.
L’ imperator au secours de la res publica : un élément central du discours de légitimation du pouvoir impérial et ses origines républicaines
Authors: Sella Jérôme
Published: December 2021

L’empereur romain légitime son pouvoir par le fait de défendre la libertas contre les factions qui menacent la res publica  ; leurs compétiteurs, qui assimilent le pouvoir de l’empereur défié à une dominatio , font de même. Cet article étudie le rôle joué par Auguste dans l’élaboration de ce discours. L’exemple de César, les précédents de Sylla, de Pompée et du premier triumvirat, ainsi que la place tenue par les Philippiques de Cicéron, permettent de mesurer les étapes d’un argumentaire, puis la synthèse opérée par celui qui se présente, de différentes manières successives en libérateur (contre Antoine, contre les optimates , puis contre ses rivaux, dont à nouveau Antoine), venu au secours de la res publica menacée par les factiones . Cela démontre l’importance du consensus dans cette légitimation, puisqu’il est la marque de l’effacement de toute faction et de l’absence de dominatio .
Concilier l’idéal républicain et le Principat augustéen : la carrière singulière de M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus ( cos . 31 av. J.-C.)
Authors: Landrea Cyrielle
Published: December 2021

L’article analyse la carrière singulière de M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus ( cos . 31 av. J.-C.), plus spécifiquement la nécessité de concilier son idéal républicain avec la nouvelle donne du Principat augustéen. L’étude se concentre sur des moments clés de la carrière politique du patricien : sa démission de la praefectura Vrbis au début du Principat (26 av. J.-C.), l’acceptation du poste de curateur des eaux (11 av. J.-C.) et l’octroi du titre de Pater patriae à Auguste en 2 av. J.-C. Ainsi, l’approche diachronique met-elle en lumière l’évolution personnelle de Messalla Corvinus, et l’acceptation finale du consensus augustéen.
Auguste, Tibère, et la fin du triomphe romain
Authors: Flower Harriet I.
Published: December 2021

Le triomphe était la plus prestigieuse des récompenses qu’un homme politique et général pouvait recevoir dans la Rome républicaine. Après un bref état des lieux du rôle joué par le triomphe dans la culture politique républicaine, cette étude analyse les limites strictes qu’Auguste imposa aux processions triomphales après 19 avant J.-C., qui devinrent ensuite des célébrations très rares. Elle démontre qu’Auguste envisageait et réussit en grande partie à éliminer complètement les célébrations triomphales traditionnelles à son époque, en utilisant tout à la fois le refus pour lui-même et ses proches de ces cérémonies, tout en gratifiant ses légats ayant combattu sous ses auspices des ornements triomphaux et d’une statue honorifique au forum Auguste. En conséquence, la suppression du triomphe apparaît comme l’un des résultats naturels de la limite imposée à l’expansion impériale ultérieure, telle qu’elle fut recommandée dans le testament d’Auguste, une politique que ses successeurs ont choisi de ne pas suivre. Cependant, Tibère était peu enclin à se conformer à cette nouvelle attitude et choisit le retrait de la vie publique à Rhodes, l’année qui suivit son triomphe en 7 avant J.-C., première célébration de ce type après 19 avant J.-C. Les deux triomphes de Tibère et les propositions répétées du Sénat de nouveaux triomphes à Auguste lui-même représentent deux visions opposées du rôle que la célébration triomphale devrait jouer au sein d’une res publica restaurée, et un défi constant pour le princeps .
Scène et autre scène. Malentendu et rencontre entre psychanalyse et cinéma
Authors: Lafage Alain
Published: December 2021

La relation entre la psychanalyse et le cinéma est marquée par le malentendu de 1924, souvent rapporté, entre Freud et Hollywood quand celui-ci refuse d’être caution du passage des idées de la psychanalyse au cinéma. Si Freud a des raisons théoriques pour penser qu’un chemin didactique est impossible pour rendre compte de l’inconscient, il a cependant mal apprécié le potentiel d’attraction métaphorique de l’image en mouvement sur le spectateur. Il n’a pas vu la force créatrice du lien entre réel et imaginaire permis par l’illusion et avec lequel le cinéma construit un espace du visible qui se prête au regard comme une expérience du déjà là.
Effects of Telemedicine on Pediatric Clinical Care During COVID-19
Authors: Choo Zi-Yi , Lenti Gena , Castaneda Jason , Hart Chip , Young Staci , Alcocer Alkureishi Lolita
Published: December 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has provided unprecedented opportunity for the growth of telemedicine in pediatrics. Clinics rapidly expanded their telemedicine capabilities and converted in-person visits to virtual visits to offer patients continued care while limiting infection risks. Although the transition to video visits has several benefits—patient convenience, versatility of care, ease of follow up, and management of chronic conditions—these gains are only available to those who have the requisite technology access and literacy needed to conduct a video visit. The need for technology-dependent care stands to further widen preexisting disparities in access to care for those who cannot use or afford the necessary technology. Our article explores some of these benefits and challenges and reminds us that although telemedicine has proven to have high utility for many patients, there are improvements that must still be made to ensure equitable accessibility and durability of virtual visits.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2021;50(12):e503–e508.]
Pediatric Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Recurrent
Clostridioides Difficile
Authors: Parnell Jacob M. , Nicholson Maribeth R. , Kellermayer Richard , Kahn Stacy A.
Published: December 2021

With the rising rates of
Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile
infection (CDI) in children, recognizing the limitations of CDI-directed antibiotic therapy, especially in recurrent CDI (rCDI), is important. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which directly targets the underlying gut dysbiosis present in rCDI, is an important treatment option to consider in rCDI. This article will summarize indications, procedures, effectiveness, and the safety of FMT for rCDI in pediatric patients.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2021;50(12):e515–e521.]
Pediatric Residency Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Reich Patrick , White Andrew J.
Published: December 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had profound effects on society and, in particular, on many aspects of medical care. Residency training programs are often integral parts of our medical community and consequently have experienced changes in structure, format, and content. The conversion to virtual or online learning has been nearly universal. Decreases in common pediatric diagnoses such as respiratory syncytial virus and asthma have led to less first-hand experience for residents. Limitations designed to minimize the spread of COVID-19, such as use of personal protective equipment and group size limits, have led to fewer clinic rotations, fewer clinic sessions, and fewer patient experiences. Infections of residents themselves have led to an increase in back-up call system usage and a strain on staffing. Mandatory limits on group gatherings have also impaired camaraderie and the overall well-being of trainees.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2021;50(12):e509–e514.]
Controlled singular evolution equations and Pontryagin type maximum principle with applications
Authors: Ding Xiao-Li , Area Iván , Nieto Juan J.
Published: December 2021

Due to the propagation of new coronavirus (COVID-19) on the community, global researchers are concerned with how to minimize the impact of COVID-19 on the world. Mathematical models are effective tools that help to prevent and control this disease. This paper mainly focuses on the optimal control problems of an epidemic system governed by a class of singular evolution equations. The mild solutions of such equations of Riemann-Liouville or Caputo types are special cases of the proposed equations. We firstly discuss well-posedness in an appropriate functional space for such equations. In order to reduce the cost caused by control process and vaccines, and minimize the total number of susceptible people and infected people as much as possible, an optimal control problem of an epidemic system is presented. And then for associated control problem, we use a generalized Liapunov type theorem and the spike perturbation technique to obtain a Pontryagin type maximum principle for its optimal controls. In order to derive the maximum principle for an optimal control problems, some techniques from analytical semigroups are employed to overcome the difficulties. Finally, we discuss the potential applications.
Convergence of random attractors towards deterministic singleton attractor for 2D and 3D convective Brinkman-Forchheimer equations
Authors: Kinra Kush , Mohan Manil T.
Published: December 2021

This work deals with the asymptotic behavior of the two as well as three dimensional convective Brinkman-Forchheimer (CBF) equations in an \begin{document}$ n $\end{document}-dimensional torus (\begin{document}$ n = 2, 3 $\end{document}):

   \begin{document}$ \frac{\partial\boldsymbol{u}}{\partial t}-\mu \Delta\boldsymbol{u}+(\boldsymbol{u}\cdot\nabla)\boldsymbol{u}+\alpha\boldsymbol{u}+\beta|\boldsymbol{u}|^{r-1}\boldsymbol{u}+\nabla p = \boldsymbol{f}, \ \nabla\cdot\boldsymbol{u} = 0, $\end{document}

where \begin{document}$ r\geq1 $\end{document}. We prove that the global attractor of the above system is singleton under small forcing intensity (\begin{document}$ r\geq 1 $\end{document} for \begin{document}$ n = 2 $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ r\geq 3 $\end{document} for \begin{document}$ n = 3 $\end{document} with \begin{document}$ 2\beta\mu\geq 1 $\end{document} for \begin{document}$ r = n = 3 $\end{document}). But if one perturbs the above system with an additive or multiplicative white noise, there is no sufficient evidence that the random attractor keeps the singleton structure. We obtain that the random attractor for 2D stochastic CBF equations forced by additive and multiplicative white noise converges towards the deterministic singleton attractor for all \begin{document}$ 1\leq r<\infty $\end{document}, when the coefficient of random perturbation converges to zero (upper and lower semicontinuity). For the case of 3D stochastic CBF equations perturbed by additive and multiplicative white noise, we are able to establish that the random attractor converges towards the deterministic singleton attractor for \begin{document}$ 3\leq r<\infty $\end{document} (\begin{document}$ 2\beta\mu\geq 1 $\end{document} for \begin{document}$ r = 3 $\end{document}), when the coefficient of random perturbation converges to zero.
Two simple criterion to obtain exact controllability and stabilization of a linear family of dispersive PDE's on a periodic domain
Authors: Vielma leal Francisco J. , Pastor Ademir
Published: December 2021

In this work, we use the classical moment method to find a practical and simple criterion to determine if a family of linearized Dispersive equations on a periodic domain is exactly controllable and exponentially stabilizable with any given decay rate in \begin{document}$ H_{p}^{s}(\mathbb{T}) $\end{document} with \begin{document}$ s\in \mathbb{R}. $\end{document} We apply these results to prove that the linearized Smith equation, the linearized dispersion-generalized Benjamin-Ono equation, the linearized fourth-order Schrödinger equation, and the Higher-order Schrödinger equations are exactly controllable and exponentially stabilizable with any given decay rate in \begin{document}$ H_{p}^{s}(\mathbb{T}) $\end{document} with \begin{document}$ s\in \mathbb{R}. $\end{document}
El Guadiana y la Real Dehesa de Zacatena a finales del Antiguo Régimen. Proyectos de desecación, cambios ambientales y conflictividad institucional
Authors: Moreno Díaz del Campo Francisco J.
Published: December 2021

A mediados del siglo XVIII, la Corona intervino en el cauce alto del río Guadiana para desecar su ribera y aumentar las tierras de cultivo y pasto. La obra, reclamada por las elites locales, se ha puesto como reflejo del antagonismo entre molineros y ganaderos en un contexto dominado por el deseo regio de aumentar los ingresos estatales. No obstante, el proyecto no solo pretendía disminuir la influencia del río, sino reordenar los recursos naturales de la comarca. Este trabajo analiza el resultado de aquella operación basándose en el deslinde ejecutado tras la finalización de la obra. Para ello se traza una panorámica del estado en que quedó la vega tras el drenaje del río, se analiza el impacto socioeconómico de aquella intervención y se contextualizan los cambios institucionales y jurisdiccionales que se derivaron de ella. También se han estudiado las transformaciones paisajísticas que tuvieron lugar y los problemas que las autoridades encontraron a la hora de asegurar la permanencia del proyecto. Para ello se ha hecho uso de documentación archivística, especialmente judicial. La principal conclusión que se ha extraído es que las condiciones naturales y ambientales resultantes de aquella intervención fueron endebles y transitorias, y no solo por la vitalidad del medio fluvial; también a causa de los intereses contrapuestos que protagonizaron las gentes que vivieron del río y en el río.
La huella de las migraciones en el metabolismo demográfico del Área Metropolitana de Barcelona
Authors: Domingo Andreu , Bayona-i-Carrasco Jordi
Published: December 2021

La teoría del “metabolismo demográfico” da cuenta del cambio social a través de la sucesión de las diferentes generaciones en un territorio determinado. Recientemente se ha recuperado de forma prospectiva para relacionar las características sociodemográficas de la inmigración internacional con el reemplazo generacional. En nuestro caso, aplicamos esta perspectiva sobre el territorio de forma retrospectiva usando el Registro de Población de Cataluña, con el objetivo de analizar la composición por género, generación y origen de las personas que viven en los diferentes barrios de la ciudad de Barcelona y en los distritos del resto de su área metropolitana (AMB), teniendo en cuenta su procedencia. En particular, centramos la atención en tres generaciones: 1956-1960, 1976-1980 y 1986-1990, seleccionadas por su particular evolución demográfica en el AMB en los últimos decenios. Su análisis nos permite, por una parte, caracterizar mejor el barrio en cuanto a la composición de la población por origen, sexo y edad que habita en ella. Por otro lado, podemos reinterpretar la convivencia (y segregación) de los residentes de cada área estudiada, como condición previa para el contacto intercultural teniendo en cuenta la edad, el sexo y el nivel de estudios, además del lugar de nacimiento y procedencia, como habitualmente se hace.
Representation and Copying in Hume’s Treatise and Later Works
Authors: Cottrell Jonathan
Published: December 2021

Some of Hume’s central arguments in the Treatise—for example, arguments about causality, the self, and motivation—concern which of our perceptions represent, and what these perceptions can and cannot represent. A growing body of literature aims to reconstruct the theory of mental representation that (it is presumed) underwrites these arguments. The most popular type of interpretation says that, according to Hume’s theory, copying plays a significant role in explaining mental representation. This paper raises two challenges to such interpretations. First, they cannot be squared with Treatise Book 2’s account of passions formed via sympathy (hereinafter, sympathetic passions). Second, Hume’s treatment of copying and representation in his later works differs significantly from that of the Treatise, and provides no clear evidence that the mature Hume accepted a theory of mental representation based on copying.
Misleading Higher-Order Evidence, Conflicting Ideals, and Defeasible Logic
Authors: Knoks Aleks
Published: December 2021

Thinking about misleading higher-order evidence naturally leads to a puzzle about epistemic rationality: If one’s total evidence can be radically misleading regarding itself, then two widely-accepted requirements of rationality come into conflict, suggesting that there are rational dilemmas. This paper focuses on an often misunderstood and underexplored response to this (and similar) puzzles, the so-called conflicting-ideals view. Drawing on work from defeasible logic, I propose understanding this view as a move away from the default meta-epistemological position according to which rationality requirements are strict and governed by a strong, but never explicitly stated logic, toward the more unconventional view, according to which requirements are defeasible and governed by a comparatively weak logic. When understood this way, the response is not committed to dilemmas.
La mesure et le poids du discours
Authors: Lecompte Jérôme
Published: December 2021

Après l’âge de l’éloquence, puis le temps de son histoire, l’ère des médias revendique ce nom : l’éloquence est devenue la marque déposée d’un produit haut de gamme offrant bien plus que la communication. Dans le contexte des menaces contre la démocratie, l’éloquence ne saurait donc faire son retour dans l’enseignement sans s’accompagner d’une réflexion civique : voilà pourquoi l’ethos doit y occuper une position centrale. Sans doute est-ce la raison de la vivacité du concept en sciences humaines et sociales. Mais pour le grand public, les formateurs, les enseignants, cette transversalité ne peut manquer d’être un facteur aggravant de complexité. Comment définir l’ethos et tirer parti des apports de ces disciplines pour en garantir au mieux la transposition didactique ? Quels devoirs implique aujourd’hui ce pouvoir persuasif de l’ethos ? Peut-on concevoir l’ethos sans l’éthique ? Ces enjeux seront dégagés à partir d’Athalie et de la formation rhétorique de Racine. Une mise en perspective du concept en sociologie, rhétorique, et analyse du discours permettra d’aborder les problèmes épistémologiques, anthropologiques, éthiques, afin de proposer une transposition didactique appliquée à Britannicus.
Inventer de nouvelles formes de rhétorique et d’éloquence à l’Université
Authors: Houdart-Merot Violaine
Published: December 2021

Violaine Houdart-Merot développe la thèse selon laquelle les pratiques universitaires récentes d’écriture créative (en licence, en master et même en doctorat) inventent de nouvelles modalités de « culture rhétorique », en rupture partielle avec la rhétorique classique, ainsi que de nouvelles formes d’éloquence littéraire.Elle tente ensuite d’éclairer ces changements en les resituant dans le contexte contemporain : transformation des pratiques littéraires dans la société, études culturelles et retour à une conception transitive de la littérature.
La visée d’une certaine éloquence, une médiation propice à l’apprentissage de la philosophie en classe de terminale ?
Authors: Husser Anne-Claire
Published: December 2021

Le présent article examine les relations ambiguës qu’entretient l’enseignement de la philosophie avec l’éloquence. Il revient sur la fonction de repoussoir qu’il tend le plus souvent à assigner à la rhétorique pour amener les élèves à identifier les spécificités de l’exercice philosophique. Du fait des simplifications liées à la démarche d’initiation qui caractérise le cours de philosophie en classe de terminale, l’art de persuader apparaît dans cette perspective comme une technique coupée de toute éthique et manifestement étrangère à la rationalité.Rejoignant par un autre biais les études consacrées à la sophistique dans le champ de l’histoire de la philosophie, certaines démarches pédagogiques développées dans le cadre du Groupe français d’éducation nouvelle invitent cependant à dialectiser cette opposition en montrant qu’il n’est pas impossible, dans le cadre du cours de philosophie, de faire place à un certain travail de l’éloquence. Elles offrent ce faisant une occasion intéressante d’examiner les conditions et les limites d’un apprentissage conjoint du discours persuasif et du discours philosophique.
Hannah Arendt e os estudos em Jornalismo: diálogos possíveis
Authors: Amaral Muriel Emídio Pessoa do , Rocha Paula Melani
Published: December 2021

A proposta desse artigo é de discutir as contribuições feitas por Hannah Arendt sobre política, espaço público, linguagem e liberdade em interface com os estudos e práticas profissionais em Jornalismo, na intenção de promover diálogos interdisciplinares. O entendimento dos autores sobre política contempla a intenção de diálogo e comunicação, e, a partir desta ideia, o texto discorre sobre como essa proposta pode ser reconhecida nos estudos e no exercício da profissão em Jornalismo na promoção da mentalidade alargada e na formação do espaço público e político.
Reassortment of bluetongue virus vaccine serotypes in cattle
Authors: Van den Bergh Carien , Coetzee Peter , Venter Estelle H.
Published: December 2021

Bluetongue is primarily a disease of sheep in South Africa, while cattle and goats are mostly subclinically infected. The viraemia of bluetongue virus in cattle lasts much longer than in sheep and the role of cattle in the epidemiology of bluetongue in South Africa is poorly understood. Bluetongue virus has a segmented double-stranded ribonucleic acid genome and reassortment of genomes is a common feature. The aim of the study was to investigate whether reassortment occurs between vaccine and field strains when simultaneously administered to cattle. Six cattle between the ages of 6 and 12 months were infected with five strains of modified live vaccine bluetongue virus and a virulent field isolate of bluetongue virus 4. Blood samples were subsequently collected daily from these animals from day 1 to day 39 post-inoculation. Viruses were directly isolated during viraemia from the buffy coat on Vero cells using the plaque forming unit method. Analysis of plaques indicated that no reassortants between virulent field and vaccine strains occurred and the virulent bluetongue virus 4 was identified as the predominant virus strain. However, a reassortant virus between two bluetongue virus vaccine strains was isolated from the buffy coat. Whole genome sequences from the vaccine viruses were compared to the suspected reassortant and it was found that segment 8 exchanged between the bluetongue virus 8 and bluetongue virus 9 vaccine strains. The use of the live-attenuated bluetongue virus multivalent vaccine in South Africa causes circulation of different vaccine serotypes in Culicoides spp. and susceptible hosts and cattle might provide the ideal host for reassortment to occur.
Effects of DPP4 Inhibitors on Renal Outcomes in Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dalui Saikat K. , Chakraverty Raja , Yasmin Nafisha , Pattanaik Smita , Pandit Kaushik , Chatterjee Suparna
Published: December 2021

Objectives:

This meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCT) intends to evaluate the efficacy of DPP4 Inhibitors (DPP4I) compared with placebo, other antidiabetics (or DPP4I) on renal outcomes, adverse events (AEs), and all-cause mortality.

Methods:

We searched relevant scientific database for RCTs with DPP4I and prespecified renal end point. The effect size (mean difference or risk ratio) was reported with its 95% confidence interval.

Results:

Eight RCTs (n = 39040 participants) were included in the analysis. The rate of change in eGFR was not different in DPP4 inhibitor and control group. DPP4I use beyond 52 weeks did not worsen albuminuria progression (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.80 to 0.96; high quality evidence) compared to placebo. The risk of AEs within 52 weeks (RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.08; moderate quality evidence), beyond 52 weeks (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.00; low quality evidence), and all-cause mortality (RR 1.04; 95% CI 0.96 to 1.12; very low quality evidence) were similar to placebo. In head-to-head comparison between two DPP4I studies, no significant differences were found between alogliptin and vildagliptin for improvement in eGFR, UACR, or AE at 24 weeks.

Conclusions:

DPP4I do not seem to provide persuasive benefit in the renal outcomes or all-cause mortality in diabetes mellitus, though there was no evidence for increased AEs.
Intelligent Collision Avoidance Method for Motion Obstacles of Unmanned Vehicles
Authors: Zhang Hongge
Published: December 2021

At present, the active technology of automobiles is becoming more and more mature and the emergence of driverless vehicles makes it a hotspot in the field of road safety. A new intelligent collision avoidance method for unmanned vehicle motion obstacles is proposed. The kinematics model of unmanned vehicles is established and linearized to obtain the kinematics linear tracking error model of unmanned vehicles and predict the future behavior of unmanned vehicles. The intelligent collision avoidance can be achieved by improving the artificial potential field model of the unmanned vehicle after understanding the future behavior and obstacle information of the unmanned vehicle. The experimental results show that the method has a high detection rate and success rate of obstacle avoidance and low total time-consuming in the process of behavior selection and path planning. It can quickly make collision avoidance responses and reduce the possibility of collision.