bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the Penal Code According to the Notebooks of the Majlis-i Vala (1859-1867) -In the Example of Skopje Sanjak-
Authors: TAŞCAN Arzu
Published: June 2022

Gülhâne Hatt-ı Hümâyûnu’nda hukuk alanında yeni düzenlemelerin yapılacağının işaretleri verilmiştir. Bu alandaki ilk hareket ise 1840 yılında Ceza Kanunnâmesi’nin hazırlanmasıyla başlamıştır. Tanzimat döneminin yapılan bu ilk kanununun eksiklikleri daha sonra 1851 ve 1858 yıllarında hazırlanarak yürürlüğe konulan ceza kanunları ile tamamlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Tanzimat dönemi aynı zamanda merkez ve taşra teşkilatlarında da önemli değişikliklerin olduğu bir dönemdir. Mali alanda yapılan reformlar kapsamında taşrada kurulan muhasıllık meclisleri, muhassıllık uygulamasına son verildikten sonra eyâlet, sancak ve kaza meclisleri olarak varlığını devam ettirmiş, bu meclislere ceza davalarına bakma yetkisi, yani ceza kanununu uygulama görevi de verilmişti. Görülen davalar, aynı zamanda yüksek temyîz mahkemesi olan, son karar makamı olarak yetkili bulunan Meclis-i Vâlâ’ya gönderilmiştir. Meclis-i Vâlâ Defterlerinde bu davalara ilişkin pek çok kayıt bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Üsküp Sancağı’nda meydana gelen ve Meclis-i Vâlâ Defterlerine yansıyan suçlar ve cezalar tespit edilecek, böylece 1858 tarihli Ceza Kanunnâmesi’nin uygulandığına dair somut deliller ortaya konulacaktır.
Review of Publishing Through Convergence and Integration in the Context of Advertising
Authors: İRALI Ali Efe
Published: June 2022

Breakthroughs in new communication technologies were influenced parties of convergence differently over time. In this study, new ideas created by these relevant technological developments were described through the user and publisher's side of view. The literature review was used to explore the main technical outputs for both traditional and new media environments. The study is important to understand the main effects of horizontal and vertical integration processes on the structures that use publishing activities involved in new online environments. Therefore, this study was aimed to review the possible connections that emerged through the effects of convergence and structures of integrations. The findings obtained from the literature review have shown that horizontal integration in the context of convergence has critical importance for online publishing media organizations. Another important finding is that notions such as banner blindness problem, freemium product or frequency capping, were emerged through convergence that enabled different interactions between user and publishing mechanism.
Higher Education Institutions‘ Emergency Remote Teaching amid the Pandemic
Authors:   Cebu Normal University, Philippines, Bacus Remedios C. , Dayagbil Filomena T. , Monacillo Vincent F. , Bustos Roselyn T.
Published: June 2022

The study evaluated the higher education institutions (HEIs) emergency remote instructional delivery using the context, input, process, product (CIPP) evaluation model. To determine the responses of HEI administrators and teachers in terms of the four CIPP elements, the sequential explanatory mixed-method design was used. Teachers' digital competence (n=108) obtained through the modified SELFIE tool was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Interview data from the teachers (n=7) and administrators (n=6) were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis steps. Findings revealed three themes for context evaluation: materials and connectivity for learning continuity, leadership and technology infrastructure, and technological capability. Teachers' digital competence, support and resources, and curriculum and instruction were the identified themes on input evaluation. Analysis of the process led to identifying the two themes: a call for action and the culture of change. The result of the product evaluation revealed flexibility, resilience, self-helpfulness, and interdependence. The acknowledgment of the unique context, input, and support obtained during the critical period of transitioning to emergency remote teaching led to the desired educational pathways in teaching and learning amidst and beyond the pandemic. The emerging remote teaching realities will strengthen the technological capabilities of the institution to enhance teachers’ and students’ digital competencies.
A rational pharmacovigilance safety appraisal of topical pefloxacin 0.3% ophthalmological drops in bacterial conjunctivitis, in global multi-centre tertiary care hospitals
Authors: Hazra Moumita
Published: June 2022

Background: Pefloxacin is a newer broad-spectrum bactericidal fluoroquinolone antibiotic, with superior antibacterial activity in vivo against pathogenic ocular gram-negative and anaerobic microorganisms and better pharmacokinetic properties. The objective of this clinical research study was the rational pharmacovigilance safety appraisal of topical pefloxacin 0.3% ophthalmological drops in bacterial conjunctivitis, in global multi-centre tertiary care hospitals.Methods: The 43 bacterial conjunctivitis patients were prescribed topical pefloxacin 0.3% ophthalmological drops, 2 drops in each eye after every 3 hours for 2 days, and 2 drops in each eye after every 6 hours for next 5 days. The pharmacovigilance safety appraisal was performed by monitoring the occurrence of adverse drug reactions, like, transient ocular burning or discomfort, ocular irritation, redness, stinging, pruritis, photophobia, ocular watering and dryness, and recording in Adverse Event Case Report Forms, on days 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 30, and on further follow-ups.Results: In this study, the safety assessment showed that only 1 patient had ocular discomfort in the eye. The occurrence of adverse effects was statistically non-significant. Thus, 0.3% pefloxacin ophthalmological drops treatment was safe and tolerable, among all 43 patients.Conclusions: Therefore, pefloxacin is a safe ocular antibiotic for treating bacterial conjunctivitis, with adequate drug tolerability exhibited by the patients.
Novel strategy of skill lab training for parenteral injection techniques: a promising opportunity for medical students
Authors: James Jerin , Rani R. Jamuna
Published: June 2022

Background: To set up an experimental pharmacology skill lab to facilitate training of specific modules for development of core competencies of parenteral drug administration and intravenous drip settings using mannequins for development of skills in administering injections for undergraduate medical students, which will be assessed using Objective Structured Practical Examination.Methods: High quality mannequins were procured from reputed companies in coordination with the biomedical engineering department of the tertiary care teaching institution. Sufficient number of multi-venous access arms, buttock injection model and models for subcutaneous and intradermal injections were obtained to facilitate individual training of 150 students in small groups during practical classes according to the checklist for the procedure. Ethical committee approval was deemed unnecessary for this study as it was a part of curriculum development.Results: Students practiced the technique confidently, without the fear doing it in a patient. This gave them the opportunity to practice in a real human surface texture, which gave them better understanding about the depth and extent of insertion of devices. Moreover, they could easily follow the steps in the check list which enabled them to practice as per protocol.Conclusions: Because of the hands-on training the students receive, we have seen a greater trend toward self-learning and better adherence to the injection technique protocol. Hence mannequin-based learning can be considered as very effective in acquiring procedural skills under the new medical curriculum in India. However, considering the high initial investment and further need of constant maintenance, cost effective mannequins need to be introduced and popularized.
Botulinum toxin: a boon or bane in dentistry
Authors: Kamarthi Nagaraju , Malik Sangeeta , Goel Sumit , Gupta Swati , Sharma Shubham
Published: June 2022

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin which is produced by the Clostridium botulinum bacteria. It is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming rod-shaped bacteria which is commonly found in soil, on plants, in water and in the intestinal tracts of animals. All the serotypes of botulinum toxin interfere with neural transmission by blocking the release of acetylcholine. The use of botulinum toxins has revolutionised the treatment of various ophthalmic spastic disorders, Orofacial pain conditions, facial dystonia and periocular wrinkles. A precise knowledge and understanding of the functional anatomy of the mimetic muscles is absolutely necessary to correctly use botulinum toxins in clinical practice. This article is an effort to understand Botulinum toxin and its applications in head and neck.
Serum uric acid as a prognostic marker for preeclampsia at a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Ngeri Bapakaye , Awoyesuku Peter A. , Ohaka Chinweowa , Jumbo Awopola I. , Altraide Omieibi B. , Amadi Simeon C. , Ikhobo Ebenezer
Published: June 2022

Background: Preeclampsia is a recognized cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Some biomarkers such as uric acid are increased in the presence of the disease. This could serve as a marker of severity and provide a basis for making management decisions. This study sought to determine the association between elevated serum uric acid and adverse pregnancy outcomes in preeclampsia.Methods: A prospective case-control study was carried out on consenting preeclamptic (95) and normotensive (95) pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy. Blood samples were taken for serum uric acid estimation at recruitment and delivery. Their Socio-demographic information was collected through a structured proforma. Data were analyzed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The mean serum uric acid level was higher in the preeclamptic than in the normotensive controls (400.0±105.27 versus 256.31±67.18; p=0.001). High serum uric acid levels were associated with a higher incidence of AKI (p=0.005), birth asphyxia (p=0.002), and low birth weight (p=0.006) compared to preeclamptics with normal uric acid levels. The sensitivity of high uric acid in predicting the outcomes was 78-81% while the specificity was 48%. Serum uric acid ≥334 µmol/l was the threshold for predicting adverse outcomes.Conclusions: Women with preeclampsia had significantly higher serum uric acid levels. Hyperuricaemia in preeclampsia was associated with a high incidence of acute kidney injury, Birth asphyxia, and low birth weight. Serum uric acid ≥334 µmol/l was the threshold for the prediction of adverse outcomes.
Partnership of obstetrician and neonatologist to improve neonatal outcome in peri-viable and premature babies: a cross sectional survey
Authors: Patankar Ujjwala S. , Patankar Sameer U. , Sonak Mangala , Patil Rashmi , Upadhye Aditi J. , Upadhya Jayshree J
Published: June 2022

Background: Collaboration between obstetricians and paediatricians/Neonatologists provides the best quality care to infants and their mothers. Present study was conducted to evaluate the practices of obstetricians and neonatologists’ partnership to improve neonatal outcome.Methods: Present cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on 50 Obstetricians and 50 paediatricians/ neonatologists during October 2021 to evaluate the practices of obstetricians and neonatologists’ partnership to improve neonatal outcome.Results: In present study, among 50 obstetricians and 50 pediatricians/ neonatologists, all i.e., 100 (100%) feel that partnership of obstetrician and neonatologist in managing pre-viable pregnancy improves neonatal outcome. Among 50 obstetricians, all i.e., 50 (100%) said that they will explain the need for caesarean section and if necessary classical caesarean section. All said they will explain the need and advantages of steroids. Among 50 pediatricians/ neonatologists, majority i.e., 44 (88%) said that they will explain the need for caesarean section and if necessary classical caesarean section. All said they will explain the need and advantages of steroids. Among 50 obstetricians, majority i.e., 45 (90%) said that they will explain thoroughly the risk to the baby, survival, short term complications and disability, 30 (60%) each said that they will explain thoroughly the risk of RDS, need of resuscitation, need of NICU for baby, uncertainty of hospital stay and outcome. Among 50 pediatricians/ neonatologists, all i.e., 50 (100%) each said that they will explain thoroughly the risk to the baby, survival, short term complications and disability, the risk of RDS, need of resuscitation, need of NICU for baby, uncertainty of hospital stay and outcome. Expressions of pediatricians/ neonatologists were significantly different on counselling aspects of mother and baby.Conclusions: In present study, majority of obstetricians and pediatricians/ neonatologists were of opinion that partnership between them surely improves neonatal outcome in peri viable and preterm babies.
Review of number of antenatal care admission in antenatal care ward in tertiary care center
Authors: Jadhao Ruchita , Palve Tushar , Bulchandani Priya
Published: June 2022

Background: This is systematic review to identify and analyse the main factors affecting the antenatal care (ANC) admission in ANC ward. The main objective to study the ANC admission in hospital for women with different age group, gestational age, gravida status, pregnancy complications in terms of maternal and perinatal outcomes and to explore the factors contributing to the alarming situation.Methods: Total 50 women of reproductive age group admitted in ANC ward in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CAMA and ALBESS Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India from a period of January to December 2021.Results: The 50 women of reproductive age group admitted in ANC ward. Most of the subjects belong to age 21-25 is 16 (32%), most of primigravida were 29 (58%), according to gestational age, most of the patient belong 2nd trimester, approx. The 22 patient (44%), followed by 3rd trimester, approx. 21 (42%) and least are belong from 1st trimester are 7 (14%). Most of patients presented with vomiting, 9 out of 50 (18%), followed by pain in abdomen 8 out of 50 (16%). Out of total 50 patient, 44 patient are doing fine and stable, 2 patients are delivered. Two patients in bad condition are transferred to ICU department.Conclusions: There is need of proper ANC and need of intensive monitoring of mother throughout hospitalization to prevent complication related to maternal and foetal outcome.
Influence of endometrial thickness and embryo placement distance from fundus in in-vitro fertilization treatment
Authors: Selvamani Divya , Gurumoortthy Madhuvanthi , Anandaraj Abinaya , Elanchezhian M.
Published: June 2022

Background: In-vitro fertilization–embryo transfer (IVF-ET) has become progressively popular as a treatment for different type of infertility issues. Implantation of the embryo is an essential step and depends on various factors that play pivotal role in influencing the pregnancy outcomes in IVF cycle. It directly impacts on the efficiency of embryo transfer procedure, site of embryo deposition, catheter loading technique, embryo placement distance from the fundus and thickness of endometrium.Methods: In the present retrospective study, data from IVF-ET treatment cycles conducted at Srushti Fertility Centre and Women’s Hospital, Chennai, for a period between October 2021 and February 2022 were analysed. Women were divided into four groups according to embryo placement distance from fundus post embryo transfer group 1: <10 mm, group 2: >10 to <15 mm, group 3: >15 to <20 mm and group 4: >20 mm. According to endometrial thickness they were divided into two groups, group A: 6-10 mm and group B: 10-14 mm. Clinical pregnancy were assessed between the groups.Results: Clinical pregnancy rates were higher in groups 2 and 3 when compared to embryo placement distance from fundus 62.3% and 82.2%, distance of 10 mm and 20 mm and endometrial thickness of more than 10 mm (group B) had higher clinical pregnancy rates 66.3% than (group A) 43.5%.Conclusion: Ideal ET depth and optimum endometrial thickness were found to influence the clinical pregnancy rates. Embryo placement at 10-20 mm from fundus and endometrial thickness of more than 10 mm is recommended for optimal clinical pregnancy outcomes.
An observational study of aetiology of preterm labour in a tertiary health care centre
Authors: Shaheen Arshi , Chauhan Nidhi , Alka Alka , Nautiyal Ruchira
Published: June 2022

Background: Preterm labor and delivery are very challenging obstetric complications encountered by obstetrician as preterm births are the major cause of perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.Methods: An observational study was  conducted  in  the  Department  of  Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Himalayan  Institute  of  Medical  Sciences  (HIMS), Jollygrant, Dehradun, over a period of one year in which 105 preterm pregnant were observed and risk factors associated with preterm labour were evaluated.  Results: Preterm labour was more common in multigravida as compared to primigravida. Maximum (58.10%) number of preterm birth occurred after 32 weeks of gestation. In previous history of pregnancy most important history was previous history of abortion than previous history of preterm labour. Previous one history of abortion was more commonly associated than previous history of 2 or more than 2 abortions. Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes was most important risk factor associated with preterm labour and delivery followed by UTI, than PIH and anemia being the 4th important reason.Conclusions: Thus we concluded that various risk factors that lead to preterm labor are identifiable and mostly are modifiable. Therefore, preconceptional counseling has a great role to play in bringing down the incidence of preterm labour.
Efficacy of prophylactic use of tranexamic acid in reduction of blood loss in benign hysterectomy: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Nandi Manisha , John Lopamudra B.
Published: June 2022

Background: Aim of current study was to determine the efficacy of tranexamic acid in the reduction of blood loss during hysterectomy for benign indications.Methods: This is a randomized controlled trial in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Pondicherry. The study population was 108. Participants were allocated into 2 groups: Group A (N=54) and group B (N=54) based on computer generated random numbers. Group A (N=54) comprised of participants undergoing hysterectomy with prophylactic intravenous tranexamic acid (1 gram in 100 ml of 0.9% normal saline) which was further subdivided into A1 (N=27) and A2 (N=27) undergoing abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy respectively. Group B: comprised of participants undergoing hysterectomy without tranexamic acid, further subdivided into B1 (N=27) and B2 (N=27) undergoing abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy respectively. The mean blood loss during the intraoperative and post-operative periods was calculated and compared between the groups.Results: Participants in Group A who received prophylactic tranexamic acid were found to have less blood loss compared to the control population in Group B. The difference between the means was statistically significant.Conclusions: We concluded that tranexamic acid should be considered as prophylactic treatment for hysterectomy to reduce the risk of substantial blood loss and the need for blood transfusion and early recovery.
A rare case report of massive ovarian edema
Authors: Parthasarathy K. K. A. Akshaya , R. Charumathi , J. Madhumitha , Vijayaraghavan Bharani
Published: June 2022

Massive ovarian oedema is a benign ovarian pathology occurs due to partial ovarian torsion and blockage of lymphatic drainage of the ovary. Commonly presents with pain abdomen on and off or abnormal uterine bleeding. Here we report a case of 15 years old girl with spotting per vaginum for 45 days. On examination, revealed 28 weeks size mass arising from pelvis. On further evaluation and blood works, proceeded with surgical management. Histopathological examination revealed benign massive ovarian oedema. However, it’s important to know differential diagnosis for solid ovarian tumours.
A rare case report of vulval fibroadenoma
Authors: Ilayappan Saranya Sri , Sivarajan Sujitha , Vijayakrishnan Mala , Priyadharshini Sarah Grace
Published: June 2022

Vulval fibroadenoma is an extremely rare entity seen in women of the age group 20-80 years. Only 50 cases of ectopic benign mammary tissue have been reported in medical literature, with vulva being the second most common extra-mammary site. We report a case of a 44 years old female, para 2 live 2, who presented with an initially endophytic swelling in her vulva for 6-7 months, which became exophytic since 2 months, associated with pain for 1 month and purulent discharge since 2 days. On examination, a 4×2 cm fleshy exophytic mass with a cauliflower-like appearance was noted on the right labia majora, just below labia minora with no active purulent discharge. Based on the clinical examination, our differential diagnosis included condyloma accuminata, infected sebaceous cyst, hidradenoma papilliferum, apocrine adenoma, Bartholin’s cyst and phyllodes tumour. A surface biopsy and cytology taken from the growth was suggestive of infected Bartholin’s cyst. Pus culture showed no growth. She underwent excisional biopsy subsequently with 2 mm margin clearance. Histopathology was reported as vulval fibroadenoma with stromal cellularity. A unique feature of our case is that an initially endophytic mass became exophytic with purulent discharge unlike many other reported cases worldwide. A surface biopsy is a useful tool to arrive at a preoperative diagnosis. Surgical excision with a clear and safe margin is recommended to avoid recurrence. If malignancy is reported in histopathology, testing for hormone receptors can be helpful. Women have to be generally more aware about such abnormal lesions and should report immediately.
Cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma: a case report
Authors: Choudhary Anil , Ali Shadan , Mohta Anup , Kumar Ashok , Aggarwal Lalit , Bhattacharya Jenna B. , Harsha M. Sai Sri
Published: June 2022

Neurogenic tumors including Schwannoma are the rare cause of the lateral neck swelling. We present a case of cervical sympathetic plexus schwannoma that was successfully managed by surgical excision. A 30-year-old male presented with complaints of painless slow growing swelling on the right side of neck of 6 months duration. On examination a single, non-tender, pulsatile swelling of 4×3 cm in the right lateral side of neck was seen beneath the anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid and just below the angle of the mandible. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) neck showed a well-defined lesion of size 4.5×4.6×6 cm in the right carotid space with features suggestive of neurogenic tumour arising from sympathetic plexus, likely Schwannoma. Surgical excision of the tumour was done. Intra-operatively a well encapsulated lesion was present in the right carotid sheath arising likely from right cervical sympathetic plexus. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of Schwannoma. Post-operatively patient developed mild ptosis of right eye; however at 6 months follow-up patient is doing fine without any evidence of residual neurological loss or recurrence.
Evaluation of renal function among term neonates with perinatal asphyxia
Authors: Sood Arvind , Bhardwaj Arunima , Singh Surinder , Chahal Jagjit Singh
Published: June 2022

Background:  Perinatal asphyxia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality amongst neonates in developing countries. The incidence of perinatal asphyxia in developed countries is 2 per 1000 live births, but the rate is 10 times higher in developing countries due to inadequate access to neonatal and maternal care. Among neonates with HIE, it is difficult to predict which newborn will develop renal dysfunction so there is urgent need for publication about relations of severity of HIE and renal dysfunctionMethods: This prospective case control study was conducted on 50 term neonates as cases and 50 term neonates in control group. Neonates in case groups were diagnosed according to WHO definition of HIE and age and sex matching of babies were done. Serum creatinine was measured one baseline and another after 48 hours of life.Results: The study shows mean maternal age 25.24±4.65 in the cases and 27.44±4.17 in control group, gravida of 1.64±0.89, 1.60±0.78 in case and control group, APGAR score at 1 minute & 5minutes 3.40±1.34, 5.62±1.55 in cases and 7.0±0.0, 9.0±0.0 in control group which is statistically significant (p<0.001). Among cases 78% had moderate birth asphyxia and 22% had severe perinatal asphyxia. Among cases 62% (31/50) babies developed AKI and among cases with AKI 20 (62.5%) developed prerenal AKI and 37.5% (12/31) developed intrinsic AKI.Conclusions: The detection renal dysfunction at an early stage can help in early intervention and prevention of irreversible renal damage and thus, will improve overall survival of these asphyxiated neonates. Serum creatinine levels correlates with severity of HIE.
Clinical profile and outcome in neonates born to COVID-19 positive mothers and COVID positive children aged between 1 month to 12 years admitted in a tertiary COVID care centre: a cross sectional study
Authors: N. Madhavi , Mohan Madan M. , Padma Jhansi K. , Vijayalakshmi Venkata V.
Published: June 2022

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has caused worldwide havoc since the first case was discovered in China in December 2019. The infection has caused less severe infections and fewer deaths in children compared to adults. During the first two waves of COVID-19, the mortality rate in children has been <3% in India though more severe infections and hospitalizations were seen during the second wave. This study was undertaken at a tertiary Pediatric COVID care center during the third wave to understand the clinical, morbidity profile and outcomes in neonates born to COVID positive mothers and children who are COVID positive. Methods: Neonates born to COVID positive mothers and children between the age group 1 month to 12 years admitted in Government general hospital, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh from 1January 2022 to 31March 2022 were included in the study. Their demographic, clinical, morbidity profile, treatment details were noted and outcomes observed.Results: All neonates were found to be RTPCR negative. 28% of neonates were born prematurely and 16% had birth asphyxia. Respiratory distress was the most presenting symptom. Death was seen in 4 newborns due to perinatal complications. More children less than 10 years required admission.15% of children were asymptomatic. Fever, cough, and running nose were the most presenting complaints. 2 children who had co-morbidities at the time of admission died.Conclusions: The third wave of COVID-19 did not cause any significant change in morbidity and mortality in children compared to the previous two waves.
Meniere’s disease in the pediatric age group-a review
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: June 2022

Meniere’s disease (MD) is an uncommon clinical entity in the pediatric age group. Patients of MD often present with typical Meniere’s triad of cochlear sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and intermittent vertigo attacks lasting from minutes to hours. As children are often unable to communicate effectively about the symptoms, they do not initially meet the requirements for the diagnosis of MD. It is a chronic inner ear disease that severely affects the quality of life including schooling among children.MD of children often remains a diagnostic dilemma that challenges clinicians for its management. Proper history taking and diagnostic criteria are helpful for diagnosis with early treatment of MD and improve the quality of life. There are several therapeutic options available for MD, but no one is considered a highly effective modality for the cure of the MD. The primary purpose of the medical treatment of MD is to treat his or her symptoms rather than disease. Betahistine and diuretics are usually effective medical treatments for controlling vertigo in MD. There are several reports in favor of intratympanic use of aminoglycosides for the control of vertigo. Endolymphatic sac decompression is a surgical treatment option in the case of medically intractable MD. Vestibular neurectomy and labyrinthectomy are two important surgical techniques for the treatment of disabling vertigo of MD, but these surgical procedures are associated with relatively higher surgical morbidity. The objective of this review article is to discuss MD in the pediatric age group including its epidemiology, etiopathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and current treatment options to relieve disabling symptoms of MD and so improving the quality of life of children.
A study of the effect of yoga on C-reactive protein, lipid profile and insulin resistance in obese patients
Authors: Gupta Anirudh , Tayal Nishant , Chaudhary Manu , Arya Tungvir Singh , Agarwal Vidushi
Published: June 2022

Background: Obesity is defined as a state of excess adipose tissue mass. In the last decade, there has been an alarming prevalence of obesity in the developed and developing countries like India. While modern medicine has so far been unable to control the menace of obesity, yoga offers an alternative holistic approach to tackle the problem of obesity by inculcating an approach towards balanced diet (Satwik aahar), physical activity and behavior modification (through pranayama). In this study, we have included the core anthropometric parameters of obesity, as well as associated abnormalities secondary to obesity like, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of medicine, L. L. R. M. Medical College and associated S. V. B. P. Hospital, Meerut, U.P. during 2020-2021 with the objective to assess the role of yoga therapy in modifying anthropometric and biochemical parameters of obese patients. It was a prospective, controlled trial in which 120 obese patients (BMI≥25 kg/m2) were enrolled and followed for a period of six months.Results: Yoga therapy along with dietary restrictions is highly effective in improving the various anthropometric and biochemical parameters in obese patients and also beneficial in controlling complications like hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemias secondary to obesity. It also improved the quality of life of these patients.Conclusions: This study is a modest attempt to ascertain the role of yoga in obesity and it hopes to encourage further research in the field.
Neck circumference cut-off points to determine obesity in Chilean preschool children
Authors: Arias-Téllez María José , Leyton Barbara , De Lucena Martins Clarice M. , Kain Juliana , Carrasco Navarro Gabriela Noemí , Mahecha-Matsudo Sandra , Soto-Sánchez Johana Patricia
Published: June 2022

Background: The prevalence of obesity in Chilean preschoolers is high. Simple methods for the diagnosis in Chilean preschoolers are of public health interest. We determined neck circumference cut-off points as a proxy measure of obesity according to age and sex.

Methods: 597 participants (267 girls) were included. NC, weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. Body mass index scores (BMI z scores) was calculated. Descriptive variables for girls and boys were compared with t-test. Pearson correlations were calculated to examine the relationship of NC with classical anthropometric measures. NC cut-off values (ROC analysis) and Kappa coefficient, were calculated.

Results: NC was positively associated with BMI z score and WC among girls and boys, across age groups (all p<0.001). Obese cut-off points of NC for elevated BMI z score were between 25.3~25.9 cm in girls and 26.2 in boys, while those for WC were, 25.7 and 26.3 for 5-year-old girls and boys, respectively. The KC between BMI z score or WC with NC had an agreement strength between poor to moderate (all p<0.001).

Conclusions: NC demonstrated to be a reliable indicator for the diagnosis of obesity for Chilean preschoolers. Future studies are needed to validate this finding.
A clinic-corelative observational study on nasal smear eosinophilia in allergic rhinitis verses non-allergic rhinitis
Authors: Bhandary Rukma , S. Chitra R. , G. Mahesh S. , P. Devan P. , . Deepalakshmi , Pai Vishwas
Published: June 2022

Background: Diagnostic nasal cytology has been used in distinguishing allergic from nonallergic rhinitis.

Methods: We sought to determine prospectively the frequency of nasal eosinophilia in 100 patients in whom having allergic rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis, and other atopic conditions not involving the respiratory tract have been diagnosed. A nasal smear was obtained from consenting adults using the rhino-probe curette. Patients taking local or systemic corticosteroids, those with chronic rhinitis associated with aspirin sensitivity, and those with sinusitis were excluded. All cytograms were coded and read by a single ‘blinded’ investigator. NE was considered significant if greater than 20% of sampled cells were eosinophils.

Results: 28 of 50 (56%) patients were with AR had NE. No NE was detected in the control population or in the skin test negative group of patients in whom having nonallergic rhinitis was diagnosed. One of 36 patients with allergic disease not involving the respiratory tract exhibited NE; this patient had atopic dermatitis with peripheral eosinophilia. No cases of eosinophilic nonallergic rhinitis were detected. There was no significant correlation of symptoms or the number of positive skin tests with NE.

Conclusions: These data suggest that the nasal smear for eosinophils is an insensitive but specific test for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, when patients with nasal polyposis and aspirin sensitivity and/or negative skin tests are excluded.
Functional outcome of mild and moderate residual varus in posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty in primary osteoarthritis knee: a prospective study
Authors: C. Bharath M. , Prakashappa T. H. , B. Madhusudan , M. Nithin S.
Published: June 2022

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most commonly done orthopaedic surgical procedures for treating severe arthritis of the knee joint caused by osteoarthritis or inflammatory arthritis. The current clinical investigation, done at the Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Trauma and Orthopaedics in Bengaluru, provided the short-term functional result of mild and moderate residual varus in posterior stabilized TKA. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of mild and moderate residual varus in total knee replacement for primary OA knee in terms of pain relief, range of motion and stability of the joint.

Methods: 30 total knee replacements were performed. All patients were examined pre- and post-operatively using the knee society clinical and functional score. The average pre-op KSS knee score was 38.7, with a functional score of 23.3. The most common reason for TKR was osteoarthritis. The follow-up time ranged from 6 to 12 months.

Results: By the knee society clinical, functional score method, 96.6% of our patients received an outstanding assessment after scoring 80 points or higher. The mean post-operative KSS knee score is 86.57, and the knee society functional score is 92. 92% of patients had little/no pain after surgery, and walking ability increased and was unlimited in 80% of patients.

Conclusions: After a short term follow up of 1 year in a research population of 30 with pre-operative osteo arthritis of the knee, with post-operative mild to moderate varus alignment showed better clinical results.
Functional outcome of complex acetabular fractures by combined anterior and posterior approach in a single sitting: a case report
Authors: Mahajan Neetin P. , Sadar Amey , Kondewar Pranay , Hifzur Syed Rahman , Shrivastava Sushant , Kale Ninad
Published: June 2022

Complex acetabular fractures described by Judet and Letournel present with a formidable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Simultaneous anterior and posterior exposures of the acetabulum are a safe and are useful alternative to other extensile exposures and can be performed with similar morbidity. The advantages of simultaneous anterior and posterior approaches over extensile exposures include less morbidity, less hospital stay, early mobilisation and avoidance of soft tissue contracture. The combined approach is most useful in transverse, transverse posterior wall fractures with wide anterior displacement, T type fractures with significant anterior-inferior displacement, or both column fractures with posterior wall involvement. 23-year-old male came with chief complaints of pain and swelling at right hip since 3 days. He had history of fall from train and then referred to us for further management. clinical and radiological assessment was done. Approachment of the case was done with combined anterior and posterior incision in single sitting. It provided excellent clinical and radiological outcome. Complex acetabular fracture is a challenging entity. Association of these fractures with complex anatomy, delicate soft tissue handling and extensive blood loss makes it more difficult to manage. Combined anterior and posterior approaches of aceatabulum in a single sitting can be used as safe alternative to step wise extensible approaches used routinely. Outcomes associated with single sitting are good as its associated with lesser morbidity of patient, early functional mobility and less hospital stay. Though it’s not devoid of its own complications decision must be taken depending upon the condition of the patient and surgeon’s choice.
Distal femur arthroplasty for non-union distal femur fracture with failed osteosynthesis in osteoporotic octogenarian: a case report with literature review
Authors: Tomar Lavindra , Govil Gaurav , Dhawan Pawan
Published: June 2022

Distal femur fractures (DFF) in the elderly have high morbidity and management challenges. The low energy trauma commonly presents significant fracture comminution, osteoporosis, pre-existing knee arthritis, co-morbid medical conditions affecting the union, weight-bearing potential and rehabilitation with profound functional disability. An octogenarian presented with a failed osteosynthesis resulting in non-union of a distal femur fracture compounded by osteoporosis and knee arthritis. He had been non-ambulatory with a painful, deformed knee. Management with a single-stage removal of the distal femur locked plate constructs and the defect reconstruction with the distal femur arthroplasty (DFA). The outcome was a pain-free weight-bearing mobilization with a functional range of knee motion. The surgical management in the elderly for the displaced intra-articular distal femur fractures is to restore the limb length and articular congruence for a functional knee. Fixation with either a distal femur locking plate or an intramedullary nail has a propensity for non-union, malunion, knee stiffness, and failed fixation. Salvage procedure gives good functional outcomes in failed osteosynthesis with DFA. The arthroplasty allows an immediate pain-less weight-bearing potential with improved ambulatory status and quality of life. The single-stage procedure in the elderly can regain a stable, functional knee joint.   
Percutaneous screw fixation for trapezium fracture
Authors: R. Vetri Nallathambi , V. Raviraman
Published: June 2022

Isolated trapezial fracture is a rare diagnosis which can lead to long term symptoms if missed. We reported a case of vertical intra-articular displaced trapezial fracture treated with percutaneous cancellous screw fixation with good functional outcome.
Сажеобразование при горении углеводородов в электрическом поле
Authors: Мансуров З.А.
Published: June 2022

В настоящем мини обзоре, посвященном 75-летию крупного ученого в области плазмохимии, профессору Владимиру Ефремовичу Мессерле, рассмотрено сажеобразование при горении углеводородов в электрическом поле. Дан исторический экскурс исследований горения углеводородов в электрическом поле. Изучены процессы сажеобразования при горении метанкислородной смеси в электрическом поле при изменении прилагаемого потенциала от 0 до 2,2 кВ при разной полярности электродов. Установлено, что при наложении электрического поля происходит уменьшение размеров сажевых частиц и выхода сажи; кроме того, при применении поля, ускоряющего положительно заряженные частицы, уменьшаетсямежплоскостное расстояние.
A Simple Procedure for Synthesis of Biological Active
4-oxo-4-(quinolin-8-yloxy)but-2-enoic acid
Authors: Merkulov V.V. , Almazov A.I. , Kabiyeva S.K. , Mantler S.N. , Konshin V.V.
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to research on the synthesis of hydroxyquinoline derivative based on 8-oxyquinoline and maleic anhydride. Analysis of available literature was carried out, some drugs were found that are produced based on hydroxyquinoline derivatives and have antiprotozoal, antimicrobial and antiseptic effects, used alone or in combination with other active substances. A technique has been developed for the synthesis of a new derivative in the medium of petroleum distillate using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. A water-soluble ester of 8-oxyquinoline and maleic acid was obtained in good yield (95%), the structure of which was established based on UV, IR and NMR spectroscopy. By analogy with other oxyquinoline derivatives and the results of prediction bioactivity in the PASS program, the obtained derivative may be characterized by antifungal (antiseborrheic) action. It was determined its antibacterial properties at a concentration of 20.0–10.0 mg/cm3 as well as a significant antioxidant activity which is a useful biological property to expand the range of its application.
The Case for Sanitation as an Insect Pest Management Strategy in Greenhouse Production Systems
Authors: Cloyd Raymond A. , Herrick Nathan J.
Published: June 2022

Protection of greenhouse-grown horticultural crops, including ornamentals and vegetables, from damage caused by insect pests involves implementing strategies such as insecticidal and/or biological control. However, cultural control may also mitigate plant damage caused by insect pests, as well as plant diseases including fungi and bacteria. An important cultural control is sanitation. Herein, we review the use and potential impact of sanitation practices as a part of an integrated pest management program for greenhouse production. These include removing weeds from inside and around the greenhouse perimeter, disposing of plant and growing medium debris from inside the greenhouse, and managing algae within the greenhouse. Weeds serve as alternate hosts for insects, such as aphids (Aphididae), whiteflies (Aleyrodidae), and thrips (Thripidae), that can spread plant viruses among greenhouse-grown horticultural crops. Sanitation practices that may reduce problems with weeds include installing geotextile fabric barriers underneath benches and on walkways, hand removal, mowing around greenhouse perimeters, and/or applying herbicides. Plant and growing medium debris serve as sources of insect pests, such as whiteflies, thrips, and fungus gnats (Sciaridae). Therefore, removal of plant and growing medium debris from within greenhouses and/or placement into refuse containers with tight-sealing lids before disposal may reduce problems with insect pests. Algae provides a habitat for fungus gnats and shore flies (Ephydridae) to breed. Overwatering and overfertilizing plants contributes to algae growth. Applying disinfectants or algaecides may mitigate problems with algae accumulating in greenhouses. In addition to reducing insect pest problems, sanitation practices may help reduce inputs from insecticide applications.
Hard Voting Meta Classifier for Disease Diagnosis using Mean Decrease in Impurity for Tree Models
Authors: Altaf Ifra , Butt Muheet Ahmed , Zaman Majid
Published: June 2022

To predict and detect various diseases, machine learning techniques are increasingly being used in the field of medical science. This study puts forward a bagging meta-estimator and feed forward neural network based voting ensemble with mean decrease in impurity feature selection to classify the disease datasets. The work was carried out using the Jupyter notebook data analysis tool, and Python 3 is used as a programming language. In this study, two chronic disease datasets - Indian Liver Patient dataset and the PIMA Indians diabetes dataset are used for building and testing the proposed model. The datasets are split into training and testing data in the ratio of 70:30. The experimental results illustrate that our proposed voting ensemble has an improved performance compared to the individual base learners. We also compared the accuracy of the model before and after the application of feature reduction technique. The results revealed that the accuracy increased with the removal of unimportant features. By using the proposed ensemble model, the average MSE, bias and variance were calculated as 0.311, 0.217 and 0.094 respectively for ILPD dataset. Similarly for PIMA dataset, the average MSE, bias and variance were calculated as 0.233, 0.186 and 0.047 respectively. These statistical parameters record a low score for ensemble classifier as compared to the individual constituent classifiers.
LEXICOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF SYNONYMOUS CONSTITUENTS IN THE FIELD OF INEXPRESSIBLE SEMANTICS
Authors: Nemich Natalya. N.
Published: June 2022

Based on the analysis of dictionaries, an attempt is made to lexicographically describe one-word lexemes with inexpressible semantics and pragmatic and stylistic semantic features. It is revealed that different constituents of inexpressible semantics contain a different number of lexical-semantic variants. In defining dictionaries, since the middle of the XX century, there has been an expansion of definitions of lexemes with the inexpressible semantics, there is an intersection with the semantics of an extremely high concentration of quality. A new meaning is formed in lexicographical practice in the second half of the XX century.
Acute Focal Myocarditis Secondary to Severe Legionella Infection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Khan Arshan , Solomon Robert , Mahmoud Mohamed , Agyingi Chris , Haseeb Muhammad , Rai Kelash , Ammar Muhammad , Mesiha Nancy
Published: June 2022

Legionnaire’s disease (LD) is a severe form of atypical pneumonia caused by any species of Legionella. LD can rarely involve the heart and present as myocarditis, pericarditis, or endocarditis. We report a case of focal myocarditis secondary to Legionella. A 49-year-old male was admitted to the hospital for shortness of breath and found to have Legionella pneumonia. An echocardiogram was done because of elevated troponin and shortness of breath, which revealed the new onset of systolic heart failure and focal hypokinesis. The patient received a total of 10 days of levofloxacin 750 mg, and he was discharged home with a cardiology follow-up. This case highlights that Legionella infection should be suspected in patients with unexplained myocardial damage/inflammation.