bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Characteristic of AlN Precipitate in Production of High Strength and Low Carbon Steel in FTSR Technology
Authors: Song Zhuo Fei , Feng Shan Shan , Feng Yun Li
Published: January 2014

Study on Dynamic characteristic of AlN precipitate in Production of High Strength and Low Carbon Steel in FTSR technology. Results calculated by dynamical model indicate that part of the AlN particles precipitate in casting slab rapidly which because the increasing precipitation driving force offered by increasing local concentration of Al caused by dendritic segregation in thin slab.
Synthesis and Properties of [1-(2-Methyl-5-pheyl-3-thienyl)-2-(2-methyl-5-(4-cyanophenyl)-3-thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene for Fluorescence Switch
Authors: Jia Hong Jing , Tang Xu Gang , Pu Shou Zhi
Published: January 2014

A novel unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1o, which is named [1-(2-Methyl-5-pheyl-3-thienyl)-2-(2-methyl-5-(4-cyanophenyl)-3-thienyperfluorocyclopentene, was synthesized and its structure authenticated. What is more, photochromic, kinetics and fluorescence properties of the diarylethene were investigated in detail. The result indicated that this diarylethene photochromism could be controlled by UV-Vis light, changing the color from colorless to blue in hexane solution upon appropriate irradiation with 297 nm light, respectively. Its In the meantime, the kinetic experiments illustrated that the cyclization/cycloreversion process of this compound was determined to be the zeroth/first reaction. In addition, the fluorescence intensity of diarylethene decreased dramatically from open-ring isomer to closed-ring isomer. The fluorescence switching property can be potential use for optical data storage.
Study on Technology of Pre-Hydrolysis Pretreament in Bagasse Dissolving Pulp Preparation Process
Authors: Zheng Ping , Li Wen Qian , Jiang Lie , Qin Cheng Rong
Published: January 2014

This research used bagasse as raw material, through xylanase biological treatment process, preparative bagasse dissolving pulp. The optimum process conditions of sulfuric acid pre-hydrolysis were as below: Acid dosage 0.10%, 150°C, 90min. After pre-hydrolysis, cellulose content of the raw materials increased 18.45%, and pentosan decreased 14.49%. The fiber quality analysis showed fiber length and width were reduced, the tiny fiber content was decreased after acid pre-hydrolysis; HPLC analysis showed the optimum acid pre-hydrolysis process which can reduce the inevitable cellulose degradation effectively,hemicelluloses were hydrolyzed furthest at the same time; FTIR spectrum analysis showed acid pre-hydrolysis process can dissolve a lot of hemicelluloses.
Exposure and Carcinogen Risk Assessment to Human Beings Caused by Cd in Pearl River Basin
Authors: Wang Pan Fei , He Jia Jun , Wang Xue , Guo Xuan , Song Ming Wei
Published: January 2014

Potential cancer risk to human beings caused by Cd, in Pearl River Basin was investigated based on the USEPA guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment. The risk sources, exposure media and pathways, as well as the risk contribution from each component, were analyzed through the multi-media/multi-pathway human exposure model, Results showed that the daily exposure doses of Cd of residents in Pearl River Basin were 2.36×10-4 mg/(kg·d), which was englobed mainly by oral intake. The total cancer risk was 8.99×10-5 that was higher than the acceptable cancer risk level (1×10-6). Rice and vegetables were the major exposure media.
Biological Species and Environment Study in Microsystins Causing Apotosis in Heart
Authors: Qiu Tong
Published: January 2014

The occurrence of heavy cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems has been a worldwide problem. Microcystins, the predominant toxins of cyanobacterial blooms, are associated with mortality and illness in both animals and human. In present study, we monitored the apoptosis of heart from MCs intoxication, and evaluated the roles of main apoptosis-related genes expression in cardiotoxic effects. The results revealed that MCs exposure led to the gradually rise in apoptotic cell number. Meanwhile, Bax, Bcl-2, p53, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 gene expressions were significantly elevated simultaneously with the extension of the time. It suggested that MCs can cause damage to heart directly.
Structure Improvement and Performance Analysis of a Coupling Component for Board-Level Photoelectric Interconnection
Authors: Yan Jin Bo , Wu Zhao Hua , Yan De Jin
Published: January 2014

The paper took a structure improvement of a coupling component for board-level photoelectric interconnection and analyzed its coupling efficiency by stimulation. Firstly, it briefly introduced the commonly used coupling components, analyzed the coupling performance, and selected a coupling component to improve its structure. Secondly, it introduced methods to improve coupling components, such as 45-degree gold-plated cross section, and manufacturing ball lens on both the top and the bottom to increase the coupling efficiency of coupling components. Finally, the optical simulation software Advanced Systems Analysis Program was applied to analyze the coupling efficiency. The coupling efficiency of improved coupling component was increased. The analyses and results are significant in engineering application and guiding.
Technology Study on the Different Cognitive Process of Stereopsis between Crossed and Uncrossed Fine Disparity
Authors: Wu Yan , Li Qi
Published: January 2014

Considerable improvements in display technology were made in stereoscopic imaging and image quality rose with technical progress. But there was not enough effort on reducing visual fatigue. The study was to investigate one of the ways to reduce visual fatigue caused by three-dimensional images. Static random-dot stereograms (RDS) were used as stimuli. The performance of every subject was recorded with disparate disparities of 3.27', 6.54', 8.18', 11.45', 14.72', 17.99', 21.26', and 24.53'. Results showed that reaction times were always longer in the uncrossed disparities relative to the crossed disparities. For crossed disparities, human visual system was the most sensitive to the images with disparity of 6.54'. As to uncrossed disparities, human visual system was the most sensitive to the images with disparity of 8.18'.
Study on Anti-Noise Materials with Multi-Level Filter Based on the Adaptive Noise Cancellation System
Authors: Mo Jing , He Wei , Su Dan , Wu Jing Wei
Published: January 2014

It presents the Multi-level filters idea of the adaptive noise cancellation system based on the fact that the adaptive noise cancellation system cant filter out noise signal completely. According to the linear combination and the variable step-size LMS algorithm, it analyzes the effects of the two level filters. Theory analyzing and simulation results prove that the multi-level filter can get a better the filtering effect than the one-filter, which improves the filter performance in terms of the fast convergence speed, tracking speed and the low maladjustment error. And the anti-noise materials with multi-level filter based on the adaptive noise cancellation system has the good de-noising ability of noisy signals.
Oscillating Mechanics by Vector Graphics Means to Explain Phase Balanceable Principle Basing on Tri-Port Oscillator
Authors: Hou Wei Zhou , Wang Juan Ling
Published: January 2014

During studying tri-port oscillator in oscillating mechanics high-frequency circuit, we proposed a straight forward method named "vector graphics means" to explain this constitute oscillating mechanics principle. When the oscillating mechanics circuit meet tri-port oscillator amplitude balance condition, "emitter same and other electrode-reverse" becomes a principle to determine whether the composition of the phase equilibrium conditions are satisfied.
Drag Coefficients Acting on Two Tandem Cylinders of Different Diameters
Authors: Wang Yong Tao , Yan Zhong Min , Wang Hui Min
Published: January 2014

The flow past two tandem circular cylinders of different diameters is simulated by using a ﬁnite volume method. The diameter of the downstream main cylinder is kept constant, and the diameter ratio between the upstream control cylinder and the downstream one is varied from 0.1 to 1.0. The Reynolds number based on the diameter of the downstream main cylinder is 100 and 150. The gap between the control cylinder and the main cylinder ranges from 0.1 to 4.0 times the diameter of the main cylinder. It is concluded that the gap ratio and the diameter ratio between the two cylinders have important effects on the drag coefﬁcients and ﬂow characteristics.
Vortex Shedding with Fluid Mechanics from Two Cylinders of Different Diameters in a Tandem Arrangement
Authors: Wang Yong Tao , Yan Zhong Min , Wang Hui Min
Published: January 2014

The vortex shedding from two circular cylinders of different diameters in a tandem arrangement is numerically investigated at a Reynolds number of 100 and 150. The studied Reynolds number based on the diameter of the downstream main cylinder. The diameter of the downstream main cylinder was kept constant, and the diameter ratio between the upstream control cylinder and the downstream one was varied from 0.1 to 1.0. The gap between the control cylinder and the main cylinder ranged from 0.1 to 4.0 times the diameter of the main cylinder. It is concluded that the gap ratio and the diameter ratio between the two cylinders have important effects on vortex shedding from two cylinders of different diameters in a tandem arrangement.
The Application of ZigBee in Hot Rolling Energy Management System
Authors: Bi Feng , Liu Yi Min
Published: January 2014

The wire communication can not adapt to the complex environment in hot rolling mill. We designed a hot rolling energy management system based on ZigBee wireless communication technology, we use the networking technology of ZigBee to build energy management system of wireless communication network. The article introduces the overall scheme of the system and the realization of ZigBee network. The actual results of operation indicate that ZigBee agreement meet the need of data transmission.
Research on Energy Saving for the Case Analysis of Building Energy Conservation in Xichang City
Authors: Wang Zhuo Ying
Published: January 2014

Through the example of residential building energy conservation and emissions reduction of a residential district building project, the article analyses that building energy conservation can be considered from the aspects of construction site selection, layout; Retaining structure technology solutions; HVAC technology solutions; Electric system technology solutions; Water supply and drainage system technology solutions.
Research on Implement of the Application of Demonstration of Renewable Energy Source in Architecture in Liangshan State
Authors: Xiong Mei
Published: January 2014

With the increasing energy demand in China, environmental pollution caused by energy shortage and its utilizing process becomes an important factor restricting ecological civilization construction. Developing renewable energy sources and promoting energy production and consumption ensure ecological civilization and beautiful China construction. Based on this political and economic environment, according to special weather conditions and geographical environment, Liangshan state government sets an example of application of renewable energy sources such as solar and shallow geothermal energy in architecture. This research focuses on the analysis of demonstration project, the study of importance and the necessity of building energy efficiency. This experience guides the application of renewable energy sources in architecture in the direction of continuous innovation and advancement.
Information Technology in Circuit Design of On-Line UPS
Authors: Han Chun Juan , Rui Fa Cheng , Liu Sheng , Tang Shou Qin
Published: January 2014

Uninterruptible Power Supply plays an important role in critical load, such as: computer, communication system and hospital. They can provide reliable and pure power supply for loads neither power good or not. With the best performance, on- Line UPS provider most sufficient protection for loads power failure in various UPS. With the continuous development of power electronics technology and information industry, this article design a high quality and reliability UPS to meet modern development of science and technology.
An Intelligent Operational Model of Weather Modification in Yunnan Province
Authors: Zhao Na , Wang Jian , Li Peng , Du Wei , Liu Jin Zhuo , Jin Yun Zhi
Published: January 2014

Based on the characteristics of weather modification in Yunnan Province, this paper proposed a weather modification operation model which aims to help operating managers with operating scenario and provide operating spots, fixed or mobile, with detailed intelligent decision-making information, including: operating spot, fire elevation, azimuth, amount of ammunition. The data that this model utilizes is from the conventional sounding materials, XDR radar and DPL radar together with the historical applications and actual usage.
The Design of Real-Time Face Detection System for Smart Home
Authors: Chen Su Hua , Fang Xu , Shu Zhi Meng
Published: January 2014

In this paper we propose a near real-time face detection system for smart home. The system is embedded in an interconnected home environment and enables intelligent servicing by automatic identification of users. The design attempts for the first time to realize face locating system on the FPGA platform using the method combined initiative infrared source with image difference. Through image difference process, the system obtains a difference image without background interference which takes the face as the main body. It can obtain the person face boundary by projecting the difference image in the horizontal and vertical direction.
Research on Information Applied Technology with Analysis of Auction Data Fluctuations of Flowers Based on Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity
Authors: Zhang Guang Hui , Gao Yang , Huang Guo Yong
Published: January 2014

In order to research on information applied technology with analysis the fluctuations of supply quantity, volume of trade, failed auction rate and price series in auction market, analysis the data from Kunming flowers auction market. The series have autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) effect. Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model with normal distribution fits yield series, and EGARCH with General Error Distribution (GED) fits supply quantity and volume of trade change rate. EGARCH (1.1) with normal distribution fits change rate of failed auction rate. These results provide basis for forecasting change rate of supply quantity, volume of trade, failed auction rate and price in market.
Research on Information System for Teaching Quality Evaluation Model of Business English Translation Based on SVM
Authors: Mao Chun Hua
Published: January 2014

The teaching quality evaluation of business English translation is a key basis to discover the teaching problems of business English translation and to promote the teaching quality. Compared with the traditional teaching quality evaluation method, support vector machine which is a type of information applied technology has many unique advantages, such as high accuracy, easily operation and fast implementation. This paper studies the current teaching quality on the basis of business English translation, and establishes the teaching quality evaluation model of business English translation based on SVM, and the experimental results show the superiority and validity of this method in the teaching quality assessment of business English translation.
The Research and Design of Image Processing System Based on FPGA and DSP
Authors: Chen Su Hua , Shu Zhi Meng , Fang Xu
Published: January 2014

In order to improve high performance and low power of image processing embedded system, A high-efficient image processing embedded system which is based on the field programmable gate array and high-speed digital signal processor in this paper. In the whole system, A novel data transmission structure with a dual-port RAM which is divided into two halves, is applied to buff the high-speed real-time image data by Ping-pong technique. Because all work in the system is divided between the FPGA and DSP in the form of the pipelined, it is 25% higher than the processing system based on the single DSP in performance.
Comparison of Heuristics for Resolving the Traveling Salesman Problem with Information Technology
Authors: Gong Wei , Li Mei
Published: January 2014

Traveling Salesman Problem (Min TSP) is contained in the problem class NPO. It is NP-hard, means there is no efficient way to solve it. People have tried many kinds of algorithms with information technology. Thus in this paper we compare four heuristics, they are nearest neighbor, random insertion, minimum spanning tree and heuristics of Christofides. We dont try to find an optimal solution. We try to find approximated short trips via these heuristics and compare them.
ODF: An Efficient OWL-Based Linked Course Data Generating Framework
Authors: Gao Shan
Published: January 2014

Although the intention of OWL is to provide an open, minimally constraining way for representing to represent rich and complex knowledge about things, there exists an increasing demands for the efficiency of course data generating. Addressing this issue, we present the ODF: a new OWL-based Linked Course Data generating framework, which makes it possible to specify semantic data directly. Generating such data directly does not only help in maintaining course data quality, but also opens up new optimization opportunities for link sources and, most importantly, makes generating process easier for users and system developers. We present OWL-based Linked Course Data generating framework and discuss the impact on Linked Data.
Research on Information Applied Technology with Medical Search Engine for the General Public: A Survey of Demand
Authors: Wang Zi Qi , Zhang Xiao Han , Hu Xiao Rou
Published: January 2014

As one of the most important information applied technologies, online search engine is often used for medical searching, but the searching results and experiences are not satisfying. A survey of demand for medical related searching is conducted, the survey results are showed and general public's expectations for a specialized medical search engine are summarized. Survey result shows that there is a great and urgent demand for a specialized medical search engine in China and the key success factor for a medical search engine lies in the ability of guiding user's search in a more medical professional way and making the searching results more reliable.
Research on Information Technology with Transformation Method of Activity from EPMM-Based Software Evolution Process Model to its Execution Model
Authors: Yu Qian , Lin Ying , Zhang Xuan , Dai Fei , Zhao Na
Published: January 2014

Software evolution process model (EPM) is created in terms of a formal evolution process meta-model (EPMM) and semi-formal approach to modeling based on EPMM. EPM is still abstract at higher abstract level and is general while software process is concrete, so EPM must be instantiated before its enactment. The method to transform any EPM to its execution model based on logic programming is proposed. Since activity contains the imports resource, roles resource, exports resource and tasks, the rules to transform the four parts of activity level of any EPM to its execution model based logic programming are respectively proposed by analyzing the execution semantics of the activities and the tasks in EPM. The converter program is realized and the correct results have presented to prove the correctness of the method.
Information-Applied Technology in Exploration-Internalization Mode
Authors: Tian Xian Zhi
Published: January 2014

In the information ages, information-applied technology plays important role to stimulate learners’ learning motivations. In order to improve learning efficiency ,the author has studied information-applied technology and electronic resource system for autonomous leaning and exploration-internalization mode with its electronic materials. During the study course, some information-applied technology had been investigated and some teaching and learning skills had been introduced. From the investigation and the general introduction, the author had digged out some efficient learning skills and teaching skills with information-applied technology. The author hopes that all of the skills will be helpful for other learners.
Information Technology and an Audio Retrieval Method Based on a Novel Audience Rating System
Authors: Tian Lan , Song Qing Hua , Lu Xiao Shan
Published: January 2014

A novel and universal audience rating system based on TV audio features is introduced. In this system, the audio signal is sampled from the audio outlet of TV set and high compressed into a specific spectrum features packages. The packaged audio features are high robustness for different types of television sets and sound volumes, and have no disturbance of surroundings. In the channel audio retrieval method, feature vector correlation analysis and pattern matching are adopted successively. The simulation test results show that the TV channel recognition rate is above 93%, and other sounds from non-TV channels can be detected reliably.
A New MANET Accessing Internet Method Based on Complex Network
Authors: Li Xin , Zhu Qian
Published: January 2014

Considering the complex network characteristics of mobile ad hoc network, a new MANET accessing Internet model was proposed. In this model, transmit power was adjusted by residual energy of the node, and added long-range edge in network to make MANET with more obvious small world characteristics. On this basis, the paper proposed a gateway programming model, which introduced a decision node to harmonize the utilization of gateways and routes. The model, as the basis of the gateway configuration, optimized the placement of the gateway. The simulation results indicate that the performance of delay, overhead and throughput has promoted after the model was introduced, which validates the validity of the model.
An Artificial Immune System Based on Intelligent Agents
Authors: Ren Chang Ning , Peng Zhi Hao , Zheng Dong Xia
Published: January 2014

The use of immune systems in intrusion detection has been a hot spot of research for the past decade. Immune systems have many features that are desirable for the imperfect, uncontrolled, and open environments in which most computers currently exist. It is hoped that biologically inspired approaches in this area, including the use of intelligent agents will be able to meet this challenge. In this paper, we extract some useful mechanisms from natural biological systems together with the use of intelligent agents, in order to develop cost effective computational solutions to complex problems in artificial immune systems. Analysis and evaluation of the system shows that it is robust, fault-tolerant and has low error rate and high detection rate as well.
Exception Context Reappearance and Analysis for Multi-Role Collaborative Web System
Authors: Liang Jun , Yan Han
Published: January 2014

It is difficult for the developers to find the complex causes of the exception effectively and fast. This paper summarizes and analyzes five features of the exception occurred in the multi-role collaborative web system, then constructs a three-layer structure of Web context model which includes subject context, object context and operation context. This model makes the correlation of the contexts between different layers normative, simplifies the analysis of exception context. At last, this paper gives a method for exception capturing and analysis based on context, aiming at the problem of avoiding seeking the causes of exception of the traditional exception handling. Experiment shows this solution is feasible, effective and quickly for exception capturing, recovery and reappearance.
Research on Applied Technology in Blind and Shape-Preserving Watermarking of Vector Map Data Using Variable Quantization Step
Authors: Wu Bai Yan , Wang Wei
Published: January 2014

This paper explored the applied technology in vector map data watermarking and proposes a blind and shape-preserving watermarking model by inserting the watermark information into the curve shape characteristic set using quantized index modulation (QIM) based on variable quantization step. At the same time, the watermark bits scatter across the whole dataset by Hash mapping and bits repeated insertion. Results show that the curve shape distortions have been well controlled, and Robustness to the threatening watermark attacks, such as vertex attack, data simplification, feature deletion and so on, has been proved.
The Problems to be Tackled with in the Normalization of the Computer-Assisted English Learning in the Chinese Mainland Context
Authors: Jun Wang
Published: January 2014

Teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) has always been paid great attention to ever since English was officially recognised as the first foreign language in China in 1964. The evident advantages of applying computer science and information technology in TEFL have been recognized by the government leaders, educational researchers, teachers and the students. Numerous researches and efforts have been made to integrate modern technology into TEFL and some progress has been achieved. However, the overall results fall short of expectations. To a certain degree, the computer aided language learning (CALL) in English in Chinese mainland is still at its infant stage and great potential of computer science and information technology in facilitating TEFL has not been fully realized. After exploring the current situation of the CALL in TEFL in Chinese mainland, this article categorizes the problems from personal, administrative, technical, economic and conceptual aspects. Based on the exploration of the current state and the problems existing, several suggestions are put forward for the normalization of CALL in TEFL in the Chinese mainland.
Characterization of a Novel Zeolite Synthesized from Coal Fly Ash
Authors: Wei Ning , Wang Xiao Lin , Guan Wei Xiong , Guo Yi Ge
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this work is to study a novel zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash that were pretreated by alkaline fusion method. The main characters of the zeolite like mineralogymorphologyspecific surface area (SSA) cation exchange capacity (CEC) and thermal stability were studied during synthesis process. The XRD result showed that the synthesized zeolite was identified as zeolite X. The CEC of the synthesized zeolite was tested to be 195mmol/100g. The specific surface area (SSA) of the zeolite was determined by the nitrogen adsorption method and the SSA of the zeolite were 44.72m2/g.
Influence of Heat Treatment Process to Advanced Steel Matrix Composites of Engineering Machinery Equipment
Authors: Zhang Ning , Huang Chuan Hui , Niu Ji Nan , Jiang Xu
Published: January 2014

The steel matrix composites with 5CrNiMo steel as matrix and WC particles as hard phase, were prepared by electroslag casting technology.The microstructures of the particle reinforced steel matrix composites on the original casting state, forging and annealing state, and quenching tempering state were researched by metallographic analysis method. The results show that the most parts of the steel matrix composites, the distribution of WC particles was relatively uniform, small pore, no holes, and the material density was very high. The white WC particles wrapped around a circle of black stripe Fe3W3C and WMoC2 compound carbides. A certain thickness of transition layer organization existed on the interface of the WC particle and steel matrix, so as to improves the bonding strength of the phase interface and the strong toughness of materials.
Surficial geology of east-central district of Mackenzie
Authors: Craig B G
Published: January 2014

The area was completely glaciated during Wisconsin time, as is shown by an abundance of glacial landforms and glacially deposited material, and by modification of the bedrock surface. As deglaciation progressed eastward glacial lakes were formed by differential
isostatic depression west of the Mackenzie-Hudson Bay divide and by glacial damming of major eastward flowing streams. The distribution of ice-flow features shows a discontinuity in flow characteristics along a line northwest from Dubawnt Lake. The area south of this discontinuity became ice-free
before that to the north. The first part of the map-area to become ice-free was around Artillery and Clinton-Colden Lakes where a glacial lake formed at an elevation of 1,300 feet above present sea-level. Further retrial of [be ice-margin eastward allowed the initial stages of glacial Lake Thelon to
form in the upper Thelon basin at about 1,250 feet. Later this lake lay in the north-trending part of the Thelon Valley at about 1,150 feet and expended Inco the northwestern part of the Dubawnt basin. In the southwestern part of the Dubawnt basin at 1,350 feet, another glacial lake formed which
eventually joined with glacial Lake Thelon at about 1,100 feel. Finally glacial Lake Thelon lay along the Thelon Valley below Eyeberry Lake at 800 to 700 feet, and Hyper-Dubawnt lay west of present Dubawnt Lake at 900 feet. Marine water probably extended up the Thelon and Western River valleys and
possibly up the Back River valley for a short time. Final deglaciation was probably completed 7,000 years ago
A field guide to the glacial and postglacial landscape of southeastern Ontario and part of Quebec
Authors: Gilbert R
Published: January 2014

Twenty sites between Peterborough, Lake Ontario, and the Ottawa Valley are described in this guide. Set in context by a general introduction to the geomorphic history of the region, they illustrate landscapes created by processes of glacial erosion and deposition
during the Pleistocene, and by events that have occurred in the period of about 12 000 years since deglaciation. Sites especially near Lake Ontario also deal with the impact of human activity on the environment. The descriptions are intended for a nonspecialist audience, and directions are provided
for road travel to each site.
Geomorphic systems of the Palliser Triangle, southern Canadian Prairies: description and response to changing climate
Authors: Lemmen D S , Vance R E , Campbell I A , David P P , Pennock D J , Sauchyn D J , Wolfe S A
Published: January 2014

The Palliser Triangle of southeastern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan is characterized by a variable climate, strong annual moisture deficit, and recurrent drought. Geomorphic systems in such environments are often sensitive to even minor changes in
climate. Since climate changes in the twenty-first century are expected to include more frequent drought, geomorphic systems are likely to be affected in ways that threaten sustainable activities in some areas.
This review considers four geomorphic systems: eolian, fluvial, mass wasting, and soil redistribution. Soil redistribution integrates a number of lower-level systems, and is of greatest importance with respect to sustainable land management. A qualitative assessment of the potential impacts of four
climate change scenarios on each of these geomorphic systems indicates the following:
1. Eolian landscapes are the most sensitive to climatic variability, with the region lying near the threshold of extensive eolian activity.
2. Fluvial systems are the least predictable in terms of response to climate change.
3. Climate influences the frequency of mass wasting processes by modifying the regional groundwater table and determining antecedent moisture conditions.
4. The principal agents of soil redistribution are wind, water, and tillage. Both wind and water erosion are closely related to extreme climatic events. Human activities remain the most critical factors influencing agricultural soils.
Identification of possible responses to climate change sets the stage for proactive land management: facilitating rapid adaptation or implementation of mitigation procedures when reliable, long-term regional climatic projections are available, or when trends can be clearly defined through
monitoring.
Mineralogy of amygdaloidal, mafic flow rocks of the Endako Group in the Kenney Dam area, northeastern Nechako River map area, central British Columbia
Authors: Barnes E M , Anderson R G
Published: January 2014

Eleven samples of Endako Group amygdaloidal, olivine basalt and basaltic-andesite flows represent fresh and altered basal, medial, and upper parts of an approximately 150 m thick sequence at Kenney Dam (NTS 93 F/10 SW). Petrographic, X-ray diffraction, and
scanning electron-microscopic studies determined primary, secondary, and amygdaloidal minerals. Olivine, clinopyroxene (augite), orthopyroxene, andesine, magnetite, and ilmenite phenocrysts in an opaque or feldspar-microlite-rich groundmass characterize the flow rocks.

Limonite, goethite, hematite, siderite, chalcedony, opal, and calcite, in approximate order of crystallization, occur as vesicle fillings and/or are common alteration products of the groundmass and clinopyroxene. Calcite, siderite, and iron hydroxides have several crystal habits, textures, and
layering, suggesting multistage crystal growth. The abundance of later carbonate mineralization likely derived from alteration of local limestone units.

Modelling of the secondary-mineral parageneses suggests they likely precipitated within a wide range of intermediate pH and low temperatures.
Rift-related structures in Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous strata near the Canadian polar margin, Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut
Authors: Harrison J C , Wall J H , Brent T A , Poulton T P , Davies E
H
Published: January 2014

Geological and geophysical data from Prince Patrick Island and adjacent areas reveal rift-related sedimentation and deformation in Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous strata of the western Arctic Islands. The syntectonic succession includes offshore marine shale; mixed
siliciclastic rocks of shoreface and inner shelf-deltaic associations; fluvial, overbank, and braidplain quartz sandstone; minor coal; and some coarse alluvial deposits. Evidence for as many as eight late Toarcian through Aptian deformational stages is contained in pre-rift and syn-rift strata
preserved in a series of grabens and half grabens, and over intervening horst blocks. Transfer faults, including one believed to define the limits of Banks and Eglinton basins in M'Clure Strait, strike west and northwest. Parallelism of normal faults to the local shelf edge is consistent with an
extensional origin for the Canadian portion of the polar margin adjacent to the Amerasian Basin.
Adsorbed-water characteristics of sediments from depths of 850-950 m in the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well, Northwest Territories
Authors: Scromeda N , Connell S , Katsube T J
Published: January 2014

The adsorbed-water content has been determined for 17 sediment samples from depths of 850 950 m in the JAPEX/JANOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well (Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories). The purpose was to obtain information on the adsorbed-water
characteristics of unconsolidated to moderately consolidated sediments, to obtain data required to determine the thickness of the adsorbed molecular water layers, and to determine if the adsorbed-water content shows an increase with decreased temperature.

The results indicate that the adsorbed-water values (SI) for the naturally dried samples at 4°C are generally larger than those for the samples naturally dried at 25°C, implying an increase in bound-water layers for decreased temperature. They also indicate, however, that under certain
conditions the grain-size distribution (clay, silt, and sand content) has a significant effect on the SI values at the lower temperatures, with opposite trends seen in some cases.
Laboratory physical characteristics of kimberlites from Smeaton, Saskatchewan
Authors: Katsube T J , Scromeda N , Kjarsgaard B A
Published: January 2014

Bulk density, porosity, and electrical resistivity have been determined for ten kimberlite samples from Smeaton (Fort à la Corne field), Saskatchewan, as part of a basic physical rock property study underway to provide information required for exploration
activity in progress for kimberlite-hosted diamond deposits in Canada.

Results indicate that the range of values, 2.1-2.6 g/mL, 13-20%, and 20-280 ohm-metres for bulk density, porosity, and electrical resistivity of these samples, respectively, are typical of those previously reported for crater-facies kimberlites, and generally resemble the values for sedimentary
rocks. Electrical resistivity variations appear to be independent of porosity, also a trend consistent with previous findings for crater-facies kimberlite.
Preliminary GIS analysis of biogeochemical relationships, particularly Hg, in Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia
Authors: Rencz A , Telmer K , Sangster A , Smith P , Kliza D
Published: January 2014

Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia has among the highest levels of Hg in loons in North America. This study was designed to investigate sources and processes that may lead to these anomalous levels.

Several media types were sampled, including dominant trees, lake waters, lake sediments, and rocks and analyzed for trace elements including Hg. Published values for Hg in yellow perch are included. The range of Hg values in the various media in this project are slightly higher than values in the
literature. Current results illustrate that the variables which are the most related to levels of Hg in yellow perch are lake water dissolved organic carbon and Hg (total values), per cent of coniferous forest in a drainage basin, per cent of water in the lake basin, lake water pH, and Zn
concentration in rocks. There is no obvious correlation with Hg in samples of vegetation or surface rocks.
Cisplatin based chemotherapy in patients with advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma refractory to I131 treatment
Authors: Hussein Osama , Karen Drumea , Zidan Jamal
Published: January 2014

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the activity and toxicity of cisplatin based chemotherapy in patients with advanced differentiated thyroid cancer refractory to radioactive iodine (I131). Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 20 patients with advanced thyroid cancer treated with cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m 2 on day 1, doxorubicin 50 mg/m 2 day 1 and cisplatin 50 mg/m 2 day 1 of a 21 days cycle community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or the same regimens without cyclophosphamide adriamycin and Platinum (AP). Results: Median age of patients was 65 years (range 54-80). The majority of patients had lung metastases (60%). 4 (20%) patients achieved a partial response. Stable disease was achieved in 6 (30%) patients. Overall clinical response was 50%. Mean follow-up time was 8 months (range 4-17). Mean progression free survival was 6 months (range 3-12). Mean overall survival was 9 months (range 4-17). Patients with partial remission had a mean time to disease progression of 9 months. 4 (20%) patients had Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia. One patient had febrile neutropenia. Mild neuropathy was recorded in 5 (25%) of patients. There were no treatment related deaths. Conclusion: The combination of CAP is active in the treatment of advanced thyroid cancer with tolerable toxicity. This regimen may still be used in patients who could not be treated with targeted therapy or combined with antiangiogenic drugs in future studies.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of Rituximab (Mabthera™) and its biosimilar (Reditux™) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with chemo-immunotherapy: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Roy Partha Sarathi , John Shiji , Karankal Sadashiv , Kannan Sadhana , Pawaskar Preeti , Gawande Jayanta , Bagal Bhausaheb , Khattry Navin , Sengar Manju , Menon Hari , Gujral Sumeet , Nair Reena
Published: January 2014

Background: Rituximab (Mabthera™) have been in use in India since 2000. A biosimilar molecule of rituximab (Reditux™) was approved in India in 2007. This retrospective audit was done to compare the efficacy and safety of Mabthera™ with Reditux™. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the charts of 223 adult diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients who had received cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone with rituximab chemotherapy. Tumor recurrence, survival and toxicities experienced during chemotherapy were obtained from the patient charts. The survival analysis was restricted to patients who received at least 4 cycles of the same brand. Results: Of the 223 patients evaluated, 101 received Mabthera™, 72 received Reditux™. There were no differences in the infusional reaction rates, grades 3 and 4 neutropenia and oral mucositis between the two brands. Complete-remission (CR) rates were similar with Mabthera™ and Reditux™ (75% and 82%, respectively; P = 0.294). The progression free survival (PFS) rate at 5 years were 72% in Mabthera™ and 81% in Reditux™ (P = 0.382). The overall survival (OS) at 5 years were comparable in the two groups (66% in Mabthera™ and 76% in Reditux™; P = 0.264). Conclusion: We observed no significant differences in the toxicity, tumor response rates, PFS and OS between the two available brands of rituximab.
Histopathological pattern of lymphomas and clinical presentation and outcomes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma: A multicenter registry based study from India
Authors: Nimmagadda Ramesh B.V. , Digumarti Raghunadharao , Nair Reena , Bhurani Dinesh , Raina Vinod , Aggarwal Shyam , Patil Shekhar , Gogoi Pabitra , Sundaram Subramanian , Goswami Chanchal , Apte Shashikant , Chakravarthy Srinivas , Pathak Anand
Published: January 2014

Context: The distribution of various subtypes of lymphomas in India is different from other parts of the world. There is scarce multicentric data on the pattern and outcomes of lymphomas in India. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the histopathological and the clinical pattern and treatment outcomes of lymphomas in India based on the retrospective data collected from a multicenter registry. Materials and Methods: Retrospective data was collected at 13 public and private hospitals in India for patients diagnosed with lymphoma between January 2005 and December 2009. The data collection was performed in the setting of a multicenter lymphoma registry Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Results: Non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma (NHL) constituted 83.17% and Hodgkin′s lymphoma (HL) for 16.83% of the 1733 registered and analyzed cases. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most common NHL (55%) followed by follicular lymphoma (11%). CHOP was the most common chemotherapy regimen administered (84%) while rituximab was used in 42.7% of those with DLBCL. Survival analysis of treatment naïve DLBCL patients (n = 791) was performed. Of these, 29% were lost to follow-up, 20% with active disease. The median follow-up in surviving patients is 31 (range: 1-88) months. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in DLBCL patients has not reached. There was no significant difference in median PFS (69 months vs. 61 months, P = 0.1341), but OS was significant not reached (NR) vs. NR, P = 0.0012) within international prognostic index high or intermediate subgroups. Rituximab use was associated with significantly prolonged PFS (NR vs. 82 months, P = 0.0123), but not OS (NR vs. NR, P = 0.2214). Cox regression analysis in treatment naïve DLBCL patients showed a performatnce status, stage and receipt of six or more cycles of chemotherapy to be significantly associated with OS and all of the preceding plus rituximab use significantly associated with PFS. Conclusions: Our analysis confirms previous reports of distribution of lymphoma subtypes in India and suggests that patients who are able to receive the full course of chemotherapy achieve a better outcome. This indicates the importance of ensuring compliance to treatment utilizing various measures including patient and family counseling. Prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
Primary mediastinal seminoma; resistance and relapse: An aggressive entity
Authors: Nachankar Ankita , Krishnatry Rahul , Joshi Amit , Noronha Vanita , Agarwal Jai Prakash
Published: January 2014

Seminoma is one of the most radio and chemo sensitive tumors. Aggressive variant of primary mediastinal seminoma (PMS) are rarely described in the literature. We here discuss an interesting case of young male (22 years) presenting with superior vena cava syndrome due to PMS that showed poor response to conventional platinum based chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Furthermore, with a short disease free interval (one year) relapsed at unusual sites of bone and soft-tissue deposits in check. This emphasizes the importance of identifying methods to pre-screen such aggressive variants for more effective treatment options.
Flagellate erythema induced by bleomycin toxicity
Authors: Appaji L , Reddy C Vasu , Aruna Kumari B S , Padma M
Published: January 2014

Bleomycin is a chemotherapeutic antibiotic used in various malignancies. Its toxicity is mainly lung and skin with marrow sparing effect. Here we would like to describe a characteristic skin reaction developed because of bleomycin in a case of intracranial germ cell tumor. Flagellate erythema which is a self-limiting toxic reaction can cause residual hyperpigmentation.
Challenges to the Control of Breast Cancer in a Small Developing Country
Authors: Mungrue Kameel , Ramdath Jeremy , Ali Siddiq , Cuffie Winsie-Ann , Dodough Nicholas , Gangar Misty , Mohammed Laura , Mungroo Vikash , Ramsahai Justin , Shah Mariyah
Published: January 2014

Objective

The aim of this study is to determine the clinicopathological features of breast cancer in two dedicated cancer treatment centers in north Trinidad. The histological types and stage at presentation were also investigated.

Design and Methods

A retrospective cohort design was used; data were collected from a review of medical records of patients meeting the entry criteria. Clinical and demographic data were extracted.

Results

A total of 640 patients were selected for the study and were available for the analysis. The annual cumulative incidence rate of breast cancer for the calendar years 2010 and 2011 in north Trinidad was 32.4 per 100,000 and 24.6 per 100,000 of the population. The age group between 51–60 years had the highest proportion of cases of breast cancer. There was a significant ethnic disparity in the occurrence of breast cancer, as it was more common in people of African origin than among South East Asians. Surgery and chemotherapy were the major interventions employed.

Conclusion

Breast cancer prevalence continues to be high in Trinidad; we provide evidence of the extent of and the degree of sophistication required to care for patients with breast cancer in a health care system in a small developing country.
OmicCircos: A Simple-to-Use R Package for the Circular Visualization of Multidimensional Omics Data
Authors: Hu Ying , Yan Chunhua , Hsu Chih-Hao , Chen Qing-Rong , Niu Kelvin , Komatsoulis George A. , Meerzaman Daoud
Published: January 2014

OmicCircos is an R software package used to generate high-quality circular plots for visualizing genomic variations, including mutation patterns, copy number variations (CNVs), expression patterns, and methylation patterns. Such variations can be displayed as scatterplot, line, or text-label figures. Relationships among genomic features in different chromosome positions can be represented in the forms of polygons or curves. Utilizing the statistical and graphic functions in an R/Bioconductor environment, OmicCircos performs statistical analyses and displays results using cluster, boxplot, histogram, and heatmap formats. In addition, OmicCircos offers a number of unique capabilities, including independent track drawing for easy modification and integration, zoom functions, link-polygons, and position-independent heatmaps supporting detailed visualization.

Availability and Implementation

OmicCircos is available through Bioconductor at http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/devel/bioc/html/OmicCircos.html . An extensive vignette in the package describes installation, data formatting, and workflow procedures. The software is open source under the Artistic—2.0 license.