bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prototype Development of Modified Roof Turbine Ventilator for Thermal Comfort Enhancement
Authors: Mithun Mondal  , Kamarul-Azhar Kamarudin  , Azian Hariri  , Muhammad Ridhuan Hassan  , Muhd Hafeez Zainulabidin
Published: April 2024

A mechanical ventilator known as a turbine ventilator harnesses the wind to supply natural ventilation. Due to their high performance and cheap running costs, these devices are increasingly being used to ventilate areas. This study evaluated the impact of a modified turbine ventilator system on thermal comfort and airflow inside a room. The results showed that the natural ventilation system failed to meet the ASHRAE Standard 55-2020 for thermal comfort. The installation of a turbine ventilator decreases the temperature by 1.3°C but still did not meet the standards. The modified turbine ventilator system consisted of a 305 mm diameter inner 12V, 12W exhaust fan installed in a 500 mm diameter ventilator and connected to a 50W, 12V Monocrystalline Solar Panel showed the greatest improvement with a decrease in room temperature of 4.4°C, an increase in airflow, and full compliance with the ASHRAE Standard 55-2020. The study concludes that modifications to the natural ventilation system can significantly improve thermal comfort and airflow, with the modified ventilator system being the most effective solution.
Optimization of Topology and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Hollow and Thin-Walled Structures via Integration of Taguchi Method and Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Zulkarnain Abdul Latiff  , Nik Mizamzul Mehat  , Nur ‘Aliya Azzahra Abdul Rauf  , Shahrul Kamaruddin
Published: April 2024

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) as one of 3D printing technique allow for the layer-by-layer construction of objects from a CAD file using a variety of different materials. The process has become quicker and more versatile as a result of technological innovation. In this study, the Taguchi method and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) were integrated to examine the mechanical performance and topology optimisation of polylactic acid (PLA) 3D printed hollow and thin-walled structures by FDM. The results showed that the optimized factors for the 3D printed part were identified as topology design (hexagonal), wall thickness (2 mm), layer height (0.2 mm), infill density (20%), infill layer thickness (0.6 mm), infill flow (80%), infill pattern (Triangle), print speed (100 mm/s), printing temperature (210°C), bed temperature (65°C), and orientation direction (flat along the Y-axis). The compression properties of the 3D printed part particularly for maximum force, maximum stress and compression modulus were improved by 15.42%, 66.62% and 68.61% respectively after the optimization.
Influence of Molybdenum Disulphide (MoS2) Nanoparticles Loading in Treated Used Palm Oil Bio-lubricant on Surface Roughness during Turning of AISI420
Authors: Muhamad Azwar Azhari  , Nor Hasrul Akhmal Ngadiman  , Noordin Mohd Yusof  , Ani Idris  , Norazlianie Sazali
Published: April 2024

The environmental impact and non-biodegradability of petroleum-based lubricants has caused some researchers to shift the formulation of lubricant formulation using plant-based oil, However, food security has caused concerns in development of new bio-lubricants. In this study, treated used cooking palm oil added with Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate and Molybdenum Disulphide nanoparticles were used as lubricant to assist the cutting of hardened martensitic stainless steel AISI420 using coated carbide tool. Surface roughness of the cut workpiece was investigated using a surface roughness tester. From the study, treated used cooking oil added with ZDDP and 0.8wt% MoS2 nanoparticles displayed the lowest average surface roughness of workpiece with Ra = 0.532µm and total roughness Rz = 4.006µm. This concluded that the new formulated bio-lubricant can successfully replace the readily available commercial cutting fluid as it produces a low surface roughness during cutting process.
Slip Flow Via Nonlinearly Stretching/Shrinking Sheet in A Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Nur Hazirah Adilla Norzawary  , Norfifah Bachok
Published: April 2024

This study is to analyze the problem of slip flow via nonlinearly stretching/shrinking sheet in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with suction/injection. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations via the transformation of similarity. The bvp4c solver in Matlab is then used to resolve them numerically. Water is used as the base fluid together with single-wall and multi-wall CNTs. Both velocity slip and thermal slip are considered in this study. The flow parameters effect is investigated, shown in the form of a graph, and physically evaluated for the dimensionless velocity, temperature, skin friction, and Nusselt numbers. The results show that there are unique solutions for stretching sheets and non-unique solutions for shrinking sheets. In addition, increasing the velocity slip parameter , suction/injection parameter and nonlinear parameter widens the range of solutions, meanwhile increasing the thermal slip causing the rate of heat transfer to decrease.
Significant Effect of Radiation on Combined Convection Vertical Channel with Internal Heat Generation and Boundary Conditions of a Third Kind
Authors: Nur Asiah Mohd Makhatar  , Nur Farina Saadun  , Noor Azlin Natasha Mohd Zakaria  , Dimas Avian Maulana  , Amirah Sahar  , Izzati Khalidah Khalid
Published: April 2024

Heat transfer process involving combined convection, along with the influence of radiation, within a fully developed vertical channel, holds significant importance in environmental, industrial, and engineering applications. Concerns have arisen regarding the complexity, cost, and time required to understand the heat transfer process, especially when considering radiation effects. This study aims to assess the combined impact of the Robin temperature boundary condition and radiation on flow and heat transfer, to examine the role of viscous dissipation, including its interaction with radiation, in fluid flow and heat transfer and to compare the heat transfer effectiveness under the boundary conditions of Dirichlet, Neumann, and Robin. Various dimensional parameters are systematically tested in this investigation, with particular emphasis on discussing the phenomenon of flow reversal in the presence of radiation. The numerical solution to the Boundary Value Problem (BVP) is achieved using Maple and its built-in routine, dsolve. A validation study on a previously published problem is conducted to ensure the accuracy of the computational approach, considering the added complexity of radiation effects and the transformation of the partial differential equation into an ordinary differential equation applying the similarity technique. Graphical representations of the numerical results for flow and temperature profiles, incorporating radiation effects, are presented. Notably, the occurrence of flow reversal is observed in instances where the values of internal heat generation (G), combined convection parameter (λ), and radiation effects (Rd) were substantial. Conversely, an increase in the values of the local heating exponent (p) and Biot numbers (Bi), while accounting for radiation, eliminated the occurrence of flow reversal.
Influence of post design and elastic modulus mismatch between dentin and post-core on stress distribution in endodontically treated teeth: a finite element analysis study
Authors: Reddy Sirigam Sharmista , Dinakar Karnatam , Natha Reddy Upendra , Sathish Kumar Neshaneni , Anusha Yalamanchi , Satyavathi Sri
Published: April 2024

Background:ParaPostFiber Posts are made to use resin-based cement and core build-up materials to provide an optimal Monoblock between the dentin-post-crown, resulting in one cohesive restoration.Aim:To evaluate the stress distribution pattern of a Severely damaged maxillary central incisor restored with ParaPost Taper lux, fiber lux and E-max crown using Finite element analysis. Materials and methods:Two 3-D FEA models of maxillary central incisor were simulated with anatomy-based geometric structures. Different Glass Fiber reinforced composite posts (PTL and PFL) and full coverage restorations (Lithium disilicate) were used. The paracore (dual-cured glass-reinforced composite material) was used for core build-up and cementation of both the Posts and full coronal restorations to create an optimal Monoblock effect. MODEL 1: Parapost Taper Lux (PTL), Paracore & Lithium disilicate Full coverage restoration. (LidiS).MODEL 2: Parapost Fiber Lux (PFL), Paracore & Lithium disilicate Full coverage restoration. (LidiS). A 3D model of the maxillary central incisor area, including restorative components, was created. The normal masticatory load of 100 N were applied at a 5mm distance from the incisal edge, at an angle of 45 ̊ in relation to the long axis of the tooth was simulated onto the imported models. Von Mises [Vm] stresses generated at the Post–Core assembly, Coronal & Radicular dentin were numerically recorded, color-coded, and compared.Results: The maximum stresses were evidenced both at the mid and coronal thirds of the labial aspects of radicular dentin, and the least stresses were observed at the palatal aspect of apical 3rd.Conclusion:Parallel-sided post (Parapost Fiber Lux) showed the greatest stress distribution on the middle third of the labial radicular dentin.
As Metrópoles brasileiras no contexto das mudanças climáticas : entrevista com Carlos Nobre
Authors: Nobre Carlos , Costa Marco Aurélio , Hargreaves-Westenberger Laurita , Luedemann Gustavo , Funari Armando Palermo
Published: April 2024

Entrevista sobre as metrópoles brasileiras no contexto das mudanças climáticas.
Transformação digital e a incorporação de novas tecnologias de informação na gestão metropolitana : entrevista com Regina Helena Alves da Silva
Authors: Silva Regina Helena Alves da , Faustino Raphael Brito , Costa Marco Aurélio
Published: April 2024

Entrevista sobre transformação digital e a incorporação de novas tecnologias de informação na gestão metropolitana.
Seguro e crédito agrícola no mercado livre no Brasil
Authors: De Negri João Alberto
Published: April 2024

Este capítulo mensura o aumento da sensibilidade do produtor agrícola às mudanças nas taxas de juros diante da disponibilidade de seguro agrícola das suas operações de crédito no sistema bancário brasileiro. São utilizadas informações de 96 milhões de contratos de crédito rural e outros créditos contratados pelo agronegócio no Brasil no período de 2004 a 2018.
Poder de mercado do sistema bancário e financeiro brasileiro : uma avaliação comparativa com a indústria brasileira por meio de estimativas de mark-up
Authors: Cavalcante Eric Jardim
Published: April 2024

No intuito de traçar premissas de comparação, este capítulo proporá a introdução de um debate comparativo entre os mark-ups e o poder de mercado de setores tradicionais (sobretudo o industrial) e do setor bancário do Brasil. Os resultados preliminares apontam que o setor bancário e financeiro brasileiro não possui margens expressivas de mark-up muito superiores às da indústria brasileira. Com o método utilizado, verificou-se que o maior mark-up do período foi atribuído à indústria extrativa, seguida pela indústria de transformação, e somente então pelo setor financeiro e bancário.
Private Equity Investments and its Importance on Startup Businesses
Authors: Sandhu Shilpa , Sonegara Sayyam , Chandak Ronak , Bothra Kirti , Kaur Prabhleen , Patil Sakshi
Published: April 2024

The significance of private equity investments in the startup ecosystem is investigated in this research paper, which looks at buyouts, growth equity, and venture capital. It draws attention to how private equity investors can help startups grow more quickly by offering cash, industry knowledge, management support, and networking opportunities. Potential hazards and difficulties, like conflicts of interest and governance problems, are also covered in the report. Additionally, it draws attention to how the private equity financing market is changing and makes suggestions for maximising its advantages for long-term startup success.
KAALO, OXFAM Somalia Install First Water Desalination Plant in El-dahir, Somalia
Authors: Farah Mohamed Mohamoud
Published: April 2024

This article outlines the installation of the first water desalination plant in El-dahir, Somalia, a collaborative effort led by KAALO Aid and Development Organization, OXFAM Somalia, and the El-dahir Water Company. The project aimed to alleviate chronic water scarcity in the region, a pressing issue exacerbated by drought, conflict, and waterborne diseases. Through rigorous site-selection processes and engagement with stakeholders, Eldahir village was chosen as the project's beneficiary, emphasizing community involvement. A Public-Private Partnership (Triple-Ps Agreement) was established to ensure the sustainability of water, hygiene, and sanitation services, reflecting a strategic approach to infrastructure development. Community engagement played a pivotal role, with residents actively participating in discussions on water pricing and quality, underscoring their commitment to positive change. The project's allocated budget of $132,609, inclusive of infrastructure development and capacity-building efforts, reflects the dedication of all stakeholders involved. Lessons learned highlight the transformative impact of collaboration among humanitarian organizations, the private sector, and governmental agencies in addressing water scarcity effectively. This article aims to provide valuable insights for future projects and inspire similar partnerships for sustainable development, ultimately serving as a beacon of hope for communities worldwide.
Parental involvement as a convergence of understanding by teachers and parents
Authors: Moreeng Boitumelo , Mbatha Zwelinjane Meshack , Ntsala Sekanse Abiner , Motsoeneng Thabiso Jonah
Published: April 2024

This qualitative interpretative study aimed to investigate parents' and teachers' understanding of parental involvement and its implications for improving relations between schools and parents. The study employed the theoretical framework of Community Cultural Wealth, which emphasises the importance of listening to and including multiple educational stakeholders in order to leverage their expertise. This framework helped us analyse the existing literature on parental involvement and the responses we received from participants. For data collection, we conducted individual interviews with three parents and three teachers who were purposefully selected from three different schools in the Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality, Free State, South Africa. We prompted participants to articulate their understanding of parental involvement using an open-ended question. Through thematic analysis, we found that both teachers and parents perceive parental involvement as encompassing communication, parenting, participation in extracurricular activities, and assistance with learning activities. Based on our findings, we recommend that schools and parents engage in ongoing discussions to (re)negotiate and (re)formalise their understanding of parental involvement to enhance collaboration and efficiency between schools, teachers, learners, and parents.
The Roles of Internet Addiction and Cyberbullying Sensitivity for Prediction of University Students Psychological Inflexibility
Authors: Kabakcı Büşra , Traş Zeliha
Published: April 2024

In this research, it is aimed to examine the role of internet addiction and cyberbullying sensitivity on the psychological inflexibility of university students. The study group was formed with university students studying in the state and selected by the random cluster sampling method. The relational screening model was used in the research. 561 university students, including 473 girls and 88 boys, participated in the research. Acceptance and Action Form-2, Young Internet Addiction Short Form, Cyber Bullying Sensitivity Scale, and Personal Information Form were used to collect the data for the research. Independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance Pearson Product Moments Correlation Technique, and multiple linear regression analysis were used in the research. As a result, the average psychological inflexibility scores of students with a low perceived family income level were found to be significantly higher than those of students with a moderate perceived family income. It was found that the psychological inflexibility score averages of the group whose purpose of using the Internet is to shop were higher than the psychological inflexibility score averages of the group using the Internet for information purposes. As the daily usage of social media increases, the average psychological inflexibility score increases. There is a significant positive relationship between Internet addiction and psychological inflexibility. There is a significant positive relationship between sensitivity and psychological inflexibility related to cyberbullying. According to the research findings, it has been found that the sensitivity related to internet addiction and cyberbullying is a predictor of psychological inflexibility scores.
The Effect of Understand-Answer Strategy Instruction on Reading Comprehension of Students with Ld
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Fatih , KARABULUT Alpaslan
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the Understand-Answer Strategy on the reading comprehension skills of students with learning disabilities. The research was carried out on students with a diagnosis of learning disability studying in secondary schools in Pendik, Istanbul, affiliated with the Ministry of National Education. The selected students are between the ages of 12 and 13, with two girls and one boy. The research was carried out with a single-subject design, a "Multiple probe design between subjects". The dependent variable of the study is the number of correct answers given to the reading comprehension questions in a written reading comprehension text. The independent variable of the research is the Understand-Answer Strategy. The experimental process consisted of the stages of determining the starting level, teaching the Understand-Answer Strategy, end-of-teaching evaluation, monitoring, and generalization. At the end of the study, the opinions of the students and their families were also considered. The Understand-Answer Strategy consist of activating prior knowledge, discussing the strategy, being a model, guiding practices and independent practices. At the end of the research, the opinions of students and their families were examined as social validity data. In all evaluation conditions, students were asked to read a narrative text and then answer eight reading comprehension questions. The scoring of the data was determined by the correct answers given by the students to the questions. The research findings have shown that the Understand-Answer Strategy is effective in improving the reading comprehension skills of students with learning difficulties. Furthermore, students who learned this strategy were able to provide correct answers to reading comprehension questions 1, 3, and 5 weeks after the end of the application, and it was observed that students who learned the strategy with different participants generalized their reading comprehension performance. According to the social validity findings, students and their families expressed positive views about the Understand-Answer Strategy.
Probing Dark Energy and Modifications of Gravity with Ground-based millimeter-wavelength Line Intensity Mapping
Authors: Moradinezhad Dizgah Azadeh , Bellini Emilio , Keating Garrett K.
Published: April 2024

Line intensity mapping (LIM) can provide a powerful means to constrain the theory of gravity and the nature of dark energy at low and high redshifts by mapping the large-scale structure over many redshift epochs. In this paper, we investigate the potential of the next generation ground-based millimeter-wavelength LIM surveys in constraining several models beyond ΛCDM, involving either a dynamic dark energy component or modifications of the theory of gravity. Limiting ourselves to two-point clustering statistics, we consider the measurements of auto-spectra of several CO rotational lines (from J = 2−1 to J = 6−5) and the [C ii] fine structure line in the redshift range of 0.25 < z < 12. We consider different models beyond ΛCDM, each one with different signatures and peculiarities. Among them, we focus on Jordan–Brans–Dicke and axion-driven early dark energy models as examples of well-studied scalar-tensor theories acting at late and early times, respectively. Additionally, we consider three phenomenological models based on an effective description of gravity at cosmological scales. We show that LIM surveys deployable within a decade (with ∼108 spectrometer hours) have the potential to improve upon the current bounds on all considered models significantly. The level of improvements range from a factor of a few to an order of magnitude.
Pulsed Iron Line Emission from the First Galactic Ultraluminous X-Ray Pulsar Swift J0243.6+6124
Authors: Xiao Y. X. , Xu Y. J. , Ge M. Y. , Lu F. J. , Zhang S. N. , Zhang S. , Tao L. , Qu J. L. , Wang P. J. , Kong L. D. , Tuo Y. L. , You Y. , Zhao S. J. , Peng J. Q. , Du Y. F. , Zhang Y. H. , Ye W. T.
Published: April 2024

We report the phase-resolved spectral results of the first Galactic pulsating ultraluminous X-ray source (PULX) Swift J0243.6+6124, modeling its 2017–2018 outburst peak using data collected by the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT). The broad energy coverage of Insight-HXMT allows us to obtain a more accurate spectral continuum to reduce the coupling of broad iron line profiles with other components. We use three different continuum spectrum models but obtain similar iron line results. For the first time, we detect the pulse characteristics of the broad iron line in a PULX. The variation in the width and intensity of this iron line with σ ∼ 1.2–1.5 keV has a phase offset of about 0.25 from the pulse phase. We suggest that the uneven irradiation of the thick inner disk by the accretion column produces the modulated variation of the broad iron line. In addition, the nonpulsed narrow line is suggested to come from the outer disk region.
Insight into the Solar Plage Chromosphere with DKIST
Authors: Kuridze David , Uitenbroek Han , Wöger Friedrich , Mathioudakis Mihalis , Morgan Huw , Campbell Ryan , Fischer Catherine , Cauzzi Gianna , Schad Thomas , Reardon Kevin , da Silva Santos João M. , Beck Christian , Tritschler Alexandra , Rimmele Thomas
Published: April 2024

The strongly coupled hydrodynamic, magnetic, and radiation properties of the plasma in the solar chromosphere make it a region of the Sun's atmosphere that is poorly understood. We use data obtained with the high-resolution Visible Broadband Imager (VBI) equipped with an Hβ filter and the Visible Spectro-Polarimeter (ViSP) on the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope to investigate the fine-scale structure of the plage chromosphere. To aid in the interpretation of the VBI imaging data, we also analyze spectra from the CHROMospheric Imaging Spectrometer on the Swedish Solar Telescope. The analysis of spectral properties, such as enhanced line widths and line depths, explains the high contrast of the fibrils relative to the background atmosphere demonstrating that Hβ is an excellent diagnostic for the enigmatic fine-scale structure of the chromosphere. A correlation between the parameters of the Hβ line indicates that opacity broadening created by overdense fibrils could be the main reason for the spectral line broadening frequently observed in chromospheric fine-scale structures. Spectropolarimetric inversions of the ViSP data in the Ca ii 8542 Å and Fe i 6301/6302 Å lines are used to construct semiempirical models of the plage atmosphere. Inversion outputs indicate the existence of dense fibrils in the Ca ii 8542 Å line. The analyses of the ViSP data show that the morphological characteristics, such as orientation, inclination, and length of fibrils, are defined by the topology of the magnetic field in the photosphere. Chromospheric maps reveal a prominent magnetic canopy in the area where fibrils are directed toward the observer.
Field Line Universal relaXer (FLUX): A Fluxon Approach to Coronal Magnetic Field Modeling
Authors: Lowder Chris , Gilly Chris , DeForest Craig
Published: April 2024

We describe a novel method for modeling the global, steady solar wind using photospheric magnetic fields as a driving boundary condition. Prior wind models in this class include both rapid heuristic methods that use potential field extrapolation and variants thereof, trading rigor for computation speed, and detailed 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models that attempt to simulate the entire solar corona with a degree of physical rigor, but require large amounts of computation. The Field Line Universal relaXer, an open-source numerical code that implements the “fluxon” semi-Lagrangian approach to MHD modeling, provides an intermediate approach between these two general classes. In particular, the fluxon approach to MHD describes the magnetic field through discrete analogs of magnetic field lines, relaxing these structures to a stationary state of force balance. In this work we introduce a 1D solar wind solution along each field line, providing an ensemble of solutions that are interpolated back onto a uniform grid at an outer boundary surface. This provides advantages in physical rigor over heuristic semianalytic techniques, and in computational efficiency over full 3D MHD techniques. Here we describe the underlying methodology and the FLUXPipe modeling pipeline process.
A Relook at the Black Hole Binary Candidate J1328+2752 with VLBI
Authors: Nandi Sumana , Kharb Preeti , Caproni Anderson , Roy Rupak , Sebastian Biny
Published: April 2024

We present multiband follow-up observations of the supermassive binary black hole (BBH) candidate and misaligned double–double radio galaxy, J1328+2752. To investigate its parsec-scale structure, we have carried out observations with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) and the European Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Network. Additionally, we have obtained optical spectroscopic observations with the 3.6 m Devasthal Optical Telescope. Within 3.5 yr of our previous VLBI observations, the central parsec-scale radio structure of J1328+2752 has changed from a double component to a single central component and its flux density has increased by a factor of 3 in the 5 GHz VLBA observations. The new radio component is largely unresolved at 3, 5, and 8 GHz. The multifrequency radio data shows a convex-shaped spectrum for this unresolved component. The turnover frequency is at ∼3 GHz. While the total intensity image does not reveal any details, a super-resolved VLBA 5 and 8 GHz spectral index image does indicate the presence of two components at a separation of ∼4.2 pc with spectral indices −0.5 ± 0.3 and −0.9 ± 0.3. We have not observed a simultaneous change in the optical line profiles or intensities over the past few years. The radio structure, the variation of the flux density, and spectral shape can potentially be consistent both with the signature of a young radio source or a BBH at the center of J1328+2752.
The Role of a Neutron Component in the Photospheric Emission of Long-duration Gamma-Ray Burst Jets
Authors: Walker Nathan , Parsotan Tyler , Lazzati Davide
Published: April 2024

Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs), thought to be produced during core-collapse supernovae, may have a prominent neutron component in the outflow material. If present, neutrons can change how photons scatter in the outflow by reducing its opacity, thereby allowing the photons to decouple sooner than if there were no neutrons present. Understanding the details of this process could therefore allow us to probe the central engine of LGRBs, which is otherwise hidden. Here, we present results of the photospheric emission from an LGRB jet, using a combination of relativistic hydrodynamic simulations and radiative transfer postprocessing using Monte Carlo radiation transfer code. We control the size of the neutron component in the jet material by varying the equilibrium electron fraction Y

e
, and we find that the presence of neutrons in the GRB fireball affects the Band parameters α and E
0, while the picture with the β parameter is less clear. In particular, the break energy E
0 is shifted to higher energies. Additionally, we find that increasing the size of the neutron component also increases the total radiated energy of the outflow across multiple viewing angles. Our results not only shed light on LGRBs but are also relevant to short-duration gamma-ray bursts associated with binary neutron star mergers due to the likelihood of a prominent neutron component in such systems.
Tropical Cyclones on Tidally Locked Rocky Planets: Dependence on Rotation Period
Authors: Garcia Valeria , Smith Cole M. , Chavas Daniel R. , Komacek Thaddeus D.
Published: April 2024

Tropical cyclones occur over the Earth’s tropical oceans, with characteristic genesis regions and tracks tied to the warm ocean surface that provide energy to sustain these storms. The study of tropical cyclogenesis and evolution on Earth has led to the development of environmental favorability metrics that predict the strength of potential storms from the local background climate state. Simulations of the gamut of transiting terrestrial exoplanets orbiting late-type stars may offer a test of this Earth-based understanding of tropical cyclogenesis. Previous work has demonstrated that tropical cyclones are likely to form on tidally locked terrestrial exoplanets with intermediate rotation periods of ∼8–10 days. In this study, we test these expectations using ExoCAM simulations with both a sufficient horizontal resolution of 0.°47 × 0.°63 required to permit tropical cyclogenesis along with a thermodynamically active slab ocean. We conduct simulations of tidally locked and ocean-covered Earth-sized planets orbiting late-type M dwarf stars with varying rotation periods from 4–16 days in order to cross the predicted maximum in tropical cyclogenesis. We track tropical cyclones that form in each simulation and assess their location of maximum wind, evolution, and maximum wind speeds. We compare the resulting tropical cyclone locations and strengths to predictions based on environmental favorability metrics, finding good agreement between Earth-based metrics and our simulated storms with a local maximum in both tropical cyclone frequency and intensity at a rotation period of 8 days. Our results suggest that environmental favorability metrics used for tropical cyclones on Earth may also be applicable to temperate tidally locked Earth-sized rocky exoplanets with abundant surface liquid water.
Sensitivity of Cosmological Parameter Estimation to Nonlinear Prescription from Cosmic Shear
Authors: Safi Sarah , Farhang Marzieh
Published: April 2024

Several ongoing and upcoming large-scale structure surveys aim to explore the nonlinear regime of structure formation with high precision. Making reliable cosmological inferences from these observations necessitates precise theoretical modeling of the mildly nonlinear regime. In this work we explore how the choice of nonlinear prescription would impact parameter estimation from cosmic shear measurements for a Euclid-like survey. Specifically, we employ two different nonlinear prescriptions of halofit and the Effective Field Theory of the Large Scale Structure and compare their measurements for the three different cosmological scenarios of ΛCDM, wCDM, and (w
0, w

a
) CDM. We also investigate the impact of different nonlinear cutoff schemes on parameter estimation. We find that the predicted errors on most parameters shrink considerably as smaller scales are included in the analysis, with the amount depending on the nonlinear prescription and the cutoff scheme used. We use predictions from the halofit model to analyze the mock data from DarkSky N-body simulations and quantify the parameter bias introduced in the measurements due to the choice of nonlinear prescription. We observe that σ
8 and n
s have the largest measurement bias induced by inaccuracies of the halofit model.
Low-cost, high-volume imaging for entomological digitization
Authors: Steinke Dirk , McKeown Jaclyn , Zyba Allison , McLeod Joschka , Feng Corey , Hebert Paul
Published: April 2024

Large-scale digitization of natural history collections requires the automation of image acquisition and processing. Reflecting this fact, various approaches, some highly sophisticated, have been developed to support the imaging of museum specimens. However, most of these systems are complex and expensive, restricting their deployment.

Here we describe a simple, inexpensive technique for imaging arthropods larger than 5 mm. By mounting a digital SLR camera on a CNC (computer numerical control) motor-drive rig, we created a system that captures high-resolution z-axis stacked images (6960 x 4640 pixels) of 95 specimens in 30 minutes.

This system is inexpensive ($1000 USD without camera), easy to set up, and to maintain. By coupling low cost with high production capacity, it represents a solution for the digitization of any natural history collection.
The Duty to Accommodate
Authors: Baron Murray
Published: April 2024

As the study by Jazayeri et al in this issue ofThe Journal of Rheumatologypoints out, the prevalence of unemployment in people with systemic sclerosis (SSc) is estimated at 40.5%, and SSc is associated with "presenteeism (ie, working while unwell), lack of participation in employment, and ultimately, absenteeism."1This is of course true of patients with the many other musculoskeletal diseases that we as rheumatologists treat.
Asymptotic behavior of a stochastic hybrid SIQRS model with vertical transmission and nonlinear incidence
Authors: Wang Shan , Wang Feng
Published: April 2024

We studied a class of a stochastic hybrid SIQRS model with nonlinear incidence and vertical transmission and obtained a threshold $ \Delta $ to distinguish behaviors of the model. Concretely, the disease was extinct exponentially when $ \Delta < 0 $. If $ \Delta > 0 $, the model we discussed admitted an invariant measure. A new class of the Lyapunov function was constructed in proving the latter conclusion. Some remarks were presented to shed light on the major results. Finally, several numerical simulations were provided to test the reached results.
Stability analysis for a Rao-Nakra sandwich beam equation with time-varying weights and frictional dampings
Authors: Al-Mahdi Adel M. , Noor Maher , Al-Gharabli Mohammed M. , Feng Baowei , Soufyane Abdelaziz
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we studied the asymptotic behavior of solutions for a Rao-Nakra sandwich beam equation with time-varying weights and frictional damping terms acting complementarily in the domain. We studied the effect of the three damping on the asymptotic behavior of the energy function. Under nonrestrictive on the growth assumption on the frictional damping terms, we established exponential and general energy decay rates for this system by using the multiplier approach. The results generalized some earlier decay results on the Rao-Nakra sandwich beam equation.
Enhancing extractive text summarization using natural language processing with an optimal deep learning model
Authors: Hassan Abdulkhaleq Q. A. , Al-onazi Badriyya B. , Maashi Mashael , Darem Abdulbasit A. , Abunadi Ibrahim , Mahmud Ahmed
Published: April 2024

Natural language processing (NLP) performs a vital function in text summarization, a task targeted at refining the crucial information from the massive quantity of textual data. NLP methods allow computers to comprehend and process human language, permitting the development of advanced summarization methods. Text summarization includes the automatic generation of a concise and coherent summary of a specified document or collection of documents. Extracting significant insights from text data is crucial as it provides advanced solutions to end-users and business organizations. Automatic text summarization (ATS) computerizes text summarization by decreasing the initial size of the text without the loss of main data features. Deep learning (DL) approaches exhibited significant performance in abstractive and extractive summarization tasks. This research designed an extractive text summarization using NLP with an optimal DL (ETS-NLPODL) model. The major goal of the ETS-NLPODL technique was to exploit feature selection with a hyperparameter-tuned DL model for summarizing the text. In the ETS-NLPODL technique, an initial step of data preprocessing was involved to convert the input text into a compatible format. Next, a feature extraction process was carried out and the optimal set of features was chosen by the hunger games search optimization (HGSO) algorithm. For text summarization, the ETS-NLPODL model used an attention-based convolutional neural network with a gated recurrent unit (ACNN-GRU) model. Finally, the mountain gazelle optimization (MGO) algorithm was employed for the optimal hyperparameter selection of the ACNN-GRU model. The experimental results of the ETS-NLPODL system were examined under the benchmark dataset. The experimentation outcomes pointed out that the ETS-NLPODL technique gained better performance over other methods concerning diverse performance measures.
Analyticity and uniqueness of the fractional electromagnetic boundary value problem
Authors: Ali A. Refaie , Jan Rashid , Alotaibi H. , Yaseen Nesreen A.
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces a new study that examines the unique and analytical nature of the fractional solution to a fractional electromagnetic boundary value problem (BVP). This specific BVP is characterized by defining the tangential electromagnetic components. It has been proven that the analytical expressions for the fractional electromagnetic fields $ E^{\alpha} $, $ E^{*\alpha} $, $ H^{\alpha} $, and $ H^{*\alpha} $ do not vanish in any subregions $ \Omega_o^\alpha $ or $ \Omega^\alpha-\Omega_o^\alpha $. Furthermore, the unique solution makes $ E^{\alpha} = E^{*\alpha} $ and $ H^{\alpha} = H^{*\alpha} $ without singular fields at same region of the space. Analyticity of the fractional time-harmonic electromagnetic field within lossy or lossless dielectric regions is proven.
The modulatory role of gut microbiota on host behavior: exploring the interaction between the brain-gut axis and the neuroendocrine system
Authors: Awe Temitope , Fasawe Ayoola , Sawe Caleb , Ogunware Adedayo , Jamiu Abdullahi Temitope , Allen Michael
Published: April 2024

The brain-gut axis refers to the communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, with the gut microbiome playing a crucial role. While our understanding of the interaction between the gut microbiome and the host's physiology is still in its nascent stage, evidence suggests that the gut microbiota can indeed modulate host behavior. Understanding the specific mechanisms by which the gut microbiota community modulates the host's behavior remains the focus of present and future neuro-gastroenterology studies. This paper reviews several pieces of evidence from the literature on the impact of gut microbiota on host behavior across animal taxa. We explore the different pathways through which this modulation occurs, with the aim of deepening our understanding of the fascinating relationship between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system.
Normative reasons and motivational capacities
Authors: Caiaffo Caldas Jean
Published: April 2024

A very influential idea on the nature of normative reasons is that the existence of normative reasons for action depends on the motivational capacity of the agents whose reasons they are: there are reasons for an agent to act only if she has the capacity to be moved to act for those reasons. Many theories of reasons developed in recent years imply at least some version of that idea, and many find it attractive since it incorporates some widespread assumptions about the role of reasons. In this paper, I argue that that idea, understood in any of its prominent readings, is ultimately false. First, I endorse the claim that there is at least one case that shows the possibility of the so-called ‘elusive reasons', that is, roughly, reasons whose existence depends on the agent’s ignorance of the facts that constitute them. Then, I argue that all the crucial objections recently elaborated to the possibility of elusive reasons ultimately fail. The upshot is that we should not aim to explain the nature of normative reasons in terms of motivational capacities of the agents whose reasons they are.
Eric Weil e os limites da democracia em um mundo de tensões
Authors: Branco Judikael Castelo
Published: April 2024

Este artigo aborda a democracia a partir das contribuições teóricas de Eric Weil, especialmente em seus escritos “Limites da democracia” e “A democracia em um mundo de tensões”. Weil critica definições do termo e busca estabelecer as condições gerais para um sistema político verdadeiramente democrático. O artigo está estruturado em três partes. Primeiramente, discute o panorama atual das percepções das crises democráticas. Em seguida, trata das condições para a participação nos processos democráticos, adotando a concepção weiliana da democracia como um “sistema de livre discussão em evolução”. Por fim, o texto se volta às inconsistências dos discursos que, dentro de um contexto democrático, defendem um Estado autoritário. Esse problema será analisado à luz do “paradoxo da tolerância” de Karl Popper, e com o apoio dos argumentos de Robert Dahl.
Novos desafios para a educação na Era da Inteligência Artificial
Authors: Azambuja Celso Candido de , Ferreira da Silva Gabriel
Published: April 2024

O artigo aborda os efeitos da Inteligência Artificial (IA) na educação, enfatizando a necessidade de repensar as estratégias pedagógicas nas universidades. Explora as transformações trazidas pela IA incluindo a automação e o potencial de personalização do ensino. Argumenta que as universidades devem se adaptar para formar profissionais capazes de trabalhar com a IA valorizando habilidades como criatividade, pensamento crítico e competências éticas. O texto também discute o papel dos professores na era da IA sugerindo que devem se concentrar mais no desenvolvimento de habilidades interpessoais e críticas dos alunos. Propõe uma reflexão sobre a direção ética e moral da educação em um mundo cada vez mais dominado pela IA.
Intelligence and Philosophy
Authors: Dutra Delamar José Volpato , Brennand Edna Gusmão de Góes
Published: April 2024

The article discusses which philosophical tools are indispensable and fundamental for understanding the meaning of technology in modern times. It focuses on the debate about artificial intelligence "replacing thought". It provides philosophical criteria for evaluating the rupture between humanism and technology and possible interpretative and analytical choices about human cognition and the possibility of its duplication by machines. It raises ethical and legal issues in the current debates involving Artificial Intelligence and Philosophy, in the sense of the need to regulate the use of artificial intelligence ethically and legally, considering the human perspective of its use and the impacts on humanity. It ponders whether a philosophy of reconstruction of the world will emerge based on technological standards or whether it will look to the humanist tradition to develop an interpretation, given that relations between humans and machines are still unclear.
Sustainability in the Age of AI
Authors: Singh Juhi , Chugh Aarti , Singh Arun Kumar
Published: April 2024

Sustainable development objectives face substantial potential problems because of the fast development and use of artificial intelligence technology in a variety of fields. The purpose of this essay is to examine the difficulties and creative solutions related to sustainability in the era of AI. The chapter's first section examines how AI systems affect the environment, concentrating on their carbon footprint and energy use. AI applications spread are critical to address the rising energy needs of AI infrastructure and algorithms, as well as the environmental effects of producing and discarding AI hardware. The impact of many strategies, including eco-friendly data centers, energy-efficient algorithms, and sustainable design principles, on the environment is evaluated. The societal effects of AI on sustainability are examined in the second section. The chapter explores these concerns and offers creative solutions that use AI to deal with societal problems, such developing fair and open algorithms, assuring ethical AI application, and encouraging human-AI cooperation.
An AI-Integrated Green Power Monitoring System
Authors: Kumara Varuna , M Sharma Durgesh , Samson Isaac J. , Saravanan S. , Suganthi D. , Boopathi Sampath
Published: April 2024

The book explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in power monitoring systems for SMEs to enhance energy efficiency, reduce operational costs, and ensure sustainability. It discusses current energy challenges faced by SMEs, emphasizes real-time monitoring, and highlights the benefits of AI integration. The chapter details the components of an AI-integrated power monitoring system, including data acquisition, analysis, and control strategies. It examines AI techniques like machine learning, deep learning, and predictive analytics for identifying energy usage patterns. The chapter also discusses successful cases of SMEs using AI-based systems, highlighting their optimization of energy consumption and reduced costs.
Deep Learning for IoT Security
Authors: Soofi Aized Amin , Ahmad Haseeb
Published: April 2024

The term internet of things (IoT) denotes the advanced phase of the internet, wherein a worldwide communication infrastructure is established between individuals and machines. The IoT is now being developed as a worldwide infrastructure that has the potential to significantly transform various aspects of human life. Nevertheless, the interconnected nature of IoT systems and the involvement of other disciplines in their implementation have presented novel security obstacles. However, the utilization of deep learning techniques holds significant importance in enhancing the security of IoT systems. This transformation goes beyond the facilitation of secure communication between devices, as it enables the development of intelligent systems that prioritize security. In this chapter, the basic architecture of IoT has been discussed with its applications and security challenges. Different deep-learning techniques for securing IoT devices with their strengths and weaknesses have also been explored.
Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning Techniques for IoT Data in Cloud Environments
Authors: Vashishth Tarun Kumar , Sharma Vikas , Sharma Kewal Krishan , Kumar Bhupendra , Chaudhary Sachin , Gupta Manoj
Published: April 2024

The proliferation of internet of things (IoT) devices has resulted in an unprecedented influx of data, leading to heightened concerns regarding the privacy and security of sensitive information in cloud environments. Privacy-preserving machine learning techniques have emerged as essential tools for ensuring the confidentiality of IoT data while facilitating meaningful analysis. This chapter provides an overview of the key principles and methodologies employed in privacy-preserving machine learning for IoT data in cloud environments. Key considerations encompass data anonymization, secure transmission, and adherence to stringent data protection regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Robust encryption and access control mechanisms are implemented to safeguard data integrity while allowing for effective analysis. Techniques like homomorphic encryption and secure multi-party computation enable secure computations on encrypted data, ensuring privacy while maintaining the utility of the data.