bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness Analysis of Single Dose Rifampicin-Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (SDR-PEP) as A Preventive Intervention for Leprosy Transmission: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Asyura Muhammad Mikail Athif Zhafir , Wijaya Ilma Ranjani , Toshukowong Theetouch , Wang Rui Sheng
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Leprosy is a skin disease that reaches 200,000 cases annually. Considered a neglected tropical disease, 80% of annual leprosy remained in countries such as Brazil, India, and Indonesia. Multi-drug treatment is effective in curing leprosy but ineffective in preventing further transmission. The implementation of large-scale single dose rifampicin-post exposure prophylaxis suggests the inhibition of leprosy transmission and thus needs validation.Methods: This systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMA statement from multiple databases using set keywords. A total of 646 studies were identified, followed by 4 randomized controlled trials included after screening.Results: 86,502 subjects were divided into control and interventional groups and were to be followed up in 2-6 years. Most studies showed a significant decrease of leprosy cases by 50-60%. Furthermore, a complementary effect between single-dose rifampicin-post exposure prophylaxis and Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine was identified. Moreover, the cost-effectiveness of the intervention was analyzed which resulted in IDR 80,414,775 being averted in its 25th year of implementationConclusion: The review established promising results of implementing single dose rifampicin-post exposure prophylaxis to prevent leprosy transmission. Further national scale intervention with a multi-layered approach is suggested to ensure full support and continuity of the large-scale intervention
Energy Harvesting from Sugarcane Bagasse Juice using Yeast Microbial Fuel Cell Technology
Authors: Christwardana Marcelinus , Yoshi Linda Aliffia , Joelianingsih J.
Published: August 2021

This study demonstrates the feasibility of producing bioelectricity utilizing yeast microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology with sugarcane bagasse juice as a substrate. Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was employed as a bio-catalyst in the production of electrical energy. Sugarcane bagasse juice can be used as a substrate in MFC yeast because of its relatively high sugar content. When yeast was used as a biocatalyst, and Yeast Extract, Peptone, D-Glucose (YPD) Medium was used as a substrate in the MFC in the acclimatization process, current density increased over time to reach 171.43 mA/m2 in closed circuit voltage (CCV), maximum power density (MPD) reached 13.38 mW/m2 after 21 days of the acclimatization process. When using sugarcane bagasse juice as a substrate, MPD reached 6.44 mW/m2 with a sugar concentration of about 5230 ppm. Whereas the sensitivity, maximum current density (Jmax), and apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (𝐾𝑚𝑎𝑝𝑝) from the Michaelis-Menten plot were 0.01474 mA/(m2.ppm), 263.76 mA/m2, and 13594 ppm, respectively. These results indicate that bioelectricity can be produced from sugarcane bagasse juice by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Keywords: biomass valorization, biofuel cell, acclimatization, maximum power density, Michaelis-Menten constant
Thermal integration analysis and improved configuration for multiple effect evaporator system based on pinch analysis
Authors: Riadi Indra , Putra Zulfan Adi , Cahyono Heri
Published: August 2021

Pinch analysis for a sugar plant production capacity 4000 TCD has been carried out to reduce its energy consumptions. The plant has ten evaporators that can be configured to several multiple effect evaporators. It has been running with five-effect evaporator (quintuple) scheme. To maximize energy utilization within the plant, three multiple effect evaporator schemes were evaluated. They are triple effect evaporator, quadruple effect evaporator, and quintuple effect evaporator as the benchmark. The result shows that the quintuple effect evaporator yields the highest energy efficiency by about 10%. Options to achieve such target is to use low pressure steam only for the first effect and to use steam bleeding from the first effect to heat a tertiary juice heater. With this proposed scenario, sugar dryer, wash water RVF unit and wash water HGF unit no longer need external steam for its operation.
„Unáhlené závěry“ u psychotických onemocnění: přehledová studie
Authors: Rodriguez Mabel , Šustová Petra
Published: August 2021

This narrative review describes the most frequently investigated cognitive bias in psychosis – jumping to conclusions. This bias refers to deviance in reasoning, when person reach to the conclusion on the basis of little evidence than it is usual. Experimental studies describe presence of the bias across all psychotic continuum. Jumping to conclusions is most frequently studied in associations with delusions, there are discrepancies between results from metaanalyses and longitudinal studies about the nature of relationship between those two phenomena. Relationship between cognition and this bias remains also unclear. Methodology of measuring this bias is very fragmented, which brings o lots of problems descibed in the article. Last part is dedicated to posibilities and efectivity of metacognitive training, which could lead to decrease in jumping to conclusion and potentially nonfarmacologicaly influence delusion and other positive symptoms.
Infecting the Welfare State – The Swedish Play Kurage and the “AIDS Crisis”
Authors: Räthel Clemens
Published: August 2021

The article focuses on the Swedish documentary theatre play Kurage
(2020) in which three protagonists look back on how Sweden handled the “AIDS crisis” in the 1980s. In doing so, the play challenges the narrative of exceptional social conditions in Sweden and delivers a queer perspective on welfare state politics. Specifically, in the aesthetic conception of the play, the complex relation between welfare state and illness comes to the fore. I argue that Kurage not only builds on persistent metaphors of illness in literature but also expands epidemic narratives and thus exposes mechanisms of exclusion and marginalization in the welfare state. Finally, the article investigates in what ways pathology, medical institutions, or in a more general way: the understanding of medicine as a “neutral” science play a part in eliminating bodies, writing them out of the body politic and thus allowing for suffering and disappearing.
Christer Kihlmans självbiografi Livsdrömmen Rena (1982) i ett postkolonialt perspektiv
Authors: Dlask Jan
Published: August 2021

This article deals with the autobiography Livsdrömmen rena (1982; The Clear Dream of Life), written by the Finland-Swedish author Christer Kihlman. It is his second so-called South America book and is based on the writer’s own experiences from the early 1980s, when he visited several South American countries. The text is seen in a theoretical-methodological frame of postcolonial studies, i.e. the 1978 book Orientalism by Edward W. Said, which describes, how “the Orient”, Oriental people and nations were viewed by their western colonizers. The analysis, which also takes into account Latin American postcolonial specificities, follows the article author’s already performed interpretation of Kihlman’s first South America book, Alla mina söner (1980; translated as All My Sons, 1984).
On intersections of two non-incident subgroups of finite p-groups
Authors: Wang Jiao
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we investigate finite p-groups

G

G

such that whenever

A
,
B
<
G

A,B\lt G

are non-incident, then

A
∩
B

⊴

⟨

A
,
B

⟩

A\cap B\hspace{0.33em}⊴\hspace{0.33em}\langle A,B\rangle

. This partially solves a problem proposed by Y. Berkovich.
Dark topological valley Hall edge solitons
Authors: Ren Boquan , Wang Hongguang , Kompanets Victor O. , Kartashov Yaroslav V. , Li Yongdong , Zhang Yiqi
Published: August 2021

Topological edge solitons propagating along the edge of a photonic topological insulator are localized self-sustained hybrid states that are immune to defects/disorders due to the protection of the edge states stemming from the nontrivial topology of the system. Here, we predict that exceptionally robust dark valley Hall edge solitons may form at the domain walls between two honeycomb lattices with broken inversion symmetry. The underlying structure can be created with femtosecond laser inscription, it possesses a large bandgap where well-localized dark edge solitons form, and in contrast to systems with broken time-reversal symmetry, it does not require external magnetic fields or complex longitudinal waveguide modulations for the realization of the topological phase. We present the envelope equation allowing constructing dark valley Hall edge solitons analytically. Such solitons propagate without radiation into the bulk of the lattice and can circumvent sharp corners, which allows observing their persistent circulation along the closed triangular domain wall boundary. They survive over huge distances even in the presence of disorder in the underlying lattice. We also investigate interactions of closely located dark topological valley Hall edge solitons and show that they are repulsive and lead to the formation of two gray edge solitons, moving with different group velocities departing from group velocity of the linear edge state on which initial dark solitons were constructed. Our results illustrate that nonlinear valley Hall systems can support a rich variety of new self-sustained topological states and may inspire their investigation in other nonlinear systems, such as atomic vapors and polariton condensates.
Environmental noise assessment of Bhandara City in the adversity of COVID-19 pandemic: A crowdsourcing approach
Authors: Lokhande Satish K. , Chopkar Prashant F. , Jain Mohindra C. , Hirani Alfaz
Published: August 2021

The strict enforcement of lockdown in India and worldwide to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemics has brought a signiicant change in the environmental quality, particularly in cities. The study deliberates an overview of the status of the ambient noise quality of the tier-2 city Bhandara, India, for lockdown and posts lockdown circumstances. In the course of lock-down, it is unfeasible to walk out with standard instruments for onsite noise monitoring with the conventional method in such adversity. Make use of the crowdsourcing approach proves to be the best alternative for collecting noise data with the help of an android-based noise application, łNoise Tracker.ž On assessing gathered data, it ascertained that the noise levels deplete by 8.0 dB during the lockdown. Results indicated that the average noise levels in more than 80% of the locations are lowered during lock-down compared to post lockdown in Bhandara City. A signiicant reduction in average noise levels at all sites during the lockdown period attributing to limiting in the road, rail, and other traic movements. The study is an exclusive example of ordinary people from tier-2 city indulging in environmental scientiic research. The study also visualizes the noise pollution scenario of lockdown and post lockdown periods using noise maps.
Adaptive Spiking Sensor System Based on CMOS Memristors Emulating Long and Short-Term Plasticity of Biological Synapses for Industry 4.0 Applications
Authors: Abd Hamam , König Andreas
Published: August 2021

A conventional analog to digital converter (ADC) faces many issues with leading-edge technologies due to noise, manufacturing deviations, signal swings, etc. Thus, we pursue to design an adaptive spiking neural ADC (SN-ADC) with promising features, e.g., robust to noise, low-power, technology scaling issues, and low-voltage operation. Therefore, our approach promises to be technology agnostic, i.e., effectively translatable to aggressive new technologies. It supports machine learning and self-x (self-calibration, self-healing) that needs for industry 4.0 and the internet of things (IoTs). In this work, we design an adaptive spike-to-rank coding (ASRC), which is the main part of the spiking neural ADC. The ASRC is based on CMOS memristors emulating short-term plasticity (STP) and long-term plasticity (LTP) biological synapses. The proposed ASRC compensates deviations by adapting the weights of the synapses. Also, ASRC is designed using XFAB 0.35 μm CMOS technology and Cadence design tools. In addition, ASRC is simulated to test its performance in the temperature range (−40°C to 85°C).
Bewertung der Innenraumluftqualität über VOC-Messungen mit Halbleitergassensoren - Kalibrierung, Feldtest, Validierung
Authors: Amann Johannes , Baur Tobias , Schultealbert Caroline , Schütze Andreas
Published: August 2021

In jüngster Vergangenheit sind immer mehr Halbleitergassensoren im Bereich Innenraumluftqualität auf den Markt gekommen. Diese messen die Gesamtbelastung an flüchtigen organischen Komponenten (engl.: volatile organic compounds, kurz: VOCs) oder einen relativen Innenraumluftqualitätsindex. Mit einer optimierten Betriebsweise und Kalibrierung können die Sensoren in ihrer Selektivität und Sensitivität gesteigert werden, was für die Bewertung der Innenraumluftqualität wichtig wäre. Die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen werden in dieser Studie vorgestellt. Für diese Zielanwendung müssen die Sensoren zuerst kalibriert werden. Auf Basis der Daten einer umfangreichen Laborkalibrierung kommen verschiedene Methoden des maschinellen Lernens für die Datenauswertung zum Einsatz. Diese Studie beinhaltet die Untersuchung der Eignung eines kommerziell verfügbaren Multisensors (SGP30, Sensirion) im temperaturzyklischen Betrieb für die selektive Messung von VOCs im Innenraum. Nach der Laborkalibrierung wurde der Sensor vier Wochen im Feld betrieben. Über Freisetzungstests durch Verdampfung von Flüssigkeiten wurden die Modelle auf Funktionalität geprüft. Außerdem wurden mit den analytischen Messsystemen TD-GC-MS (ThermodesorptionGaschromatographie-Massenspektrometer mit Tenax Probennahme) und einem mobilen GC mit Photo-IonisationsDetektor, PID (X-pid 9500, Dräger) regelmäßig Vergleichsmessungen durchgeführt. Mithilfe von Rekalibrierungen im Labor und anschließenden Feldtests wurde außerdem die Stabilität der Modelle untersucht. Diese Studie zeigt, dass mit dem SGP30 eine Vor-Ort-Messung der Gesamt-VOC-Belastung in Innenräumen mit hoher zeitlicher Auflösung möglich ist und auch eine selektive Messung bestimmter Stoffe und Stoffgruppen realisierbar ist.
Schätzung der Segmentspanbildungsfrequenz mithilfe von Körperschallsignalen
Authors: Ocampo Daniel Diaz , Gonzalez German , Zanger Frederik , Heizmann Michael
Published: August 2021

Da die Spansegmentierungsfrequenz bei der Zerspanung hochfester Materialien in direktem Zusammenhang mit dem Eigenspannungszustand des Werkstücks steht, ist sie eine wichtige Kenngröße. Bei bisherigen Methoden kommt hauptsächlich, zur Schätzung der Segmentspanbildungsfrequenz mithilfe von Körperschallsignalen beim orthogonalen Schnitt, die FourierTransformation zum Einsatz, welche jedoch bei den im Außenlängsdrehen vorkommenden, stark unharmonischen Signalen ungeeignet ist. Es wird eine Methode vorgestellt, welche die Periodizität der Körperschallsignale im Zeitbereich ermittelt und daraus die Segmentierungsfrequenz schätzt. Dazu werden zeitvariante Merkmale vorgestellt, welche die Segmentspanbildungsfrequenz approximieren. Im Anschluss wird die Methode mit beim orthogonalen Schnitt eingesetzten Methoden verglichen, wobei gezeigt werden kann, dass die hier vorgestellte Methode grundsätzlich robuster gegenüber Störeinflüssen ist, bei den zeitvarianten Merkmalen jedoch noch Potenzial zur Verbesserung besteht.
Ion-acoustic solitary structures at the acoustic speed in a collisionless magnetized nonthermal dusty plasma
Authors: Debnath Debdatta , Bandyopadhyay Anup
Published: August 2021

At the acoustic speed, we have investigated the existence of ion-acoustic solitary structures including double layers and supersolitons in a collisionless magnetized plasma consisting of negatively charged static dust grains, adiabatic warm ions, and nonthermal electrons. At the acoustic speed, for negative polarity, the system supports solitons, double layers, supersoliton structures after the formation of double layer, supersoliton structures without the formation of double layer, solitons after the formation of double layer whereas the system supports solitons and supersolitons without the formation of double layer for the case of positive polarity. But it is not possible to get the coexistence of solitary structures (including double layers and supersolitons) of opposite polarities. For negative polarity, we have observed an important transformation viz., soliton before the formation of double layer → double layer → supersoliton → soliton after the formation of double layer whereas for both positive and negative polarities, we have observed the transformation from solitons to supersolitons without the formation of double layer. There does not exist any negative (positive) potential solitary structures within 0 < μ < μ
c (μ
c < μ < 1) and the amplitude of the positive (negative) potential solitary structure decreases for increasing (decreasing) μ and the solitary structures of both polarities collapse at μ = μ
c, where μ
c is a critical value of μ, the ratio of the unperturbed number density of electrons to that of ions. Similarly there exists a critical value β
e2 of the nonthermal parameter β
e such that the solitons of both polarities collapse at β
e = β
e2.
Lithium tracer diffusion in near stoichiometric LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Uxa Daniel , Schmidt Harald
Published: August 2021

The compound LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is used as novel cathode material for Li-ion batteries and represents a variant to replace conventional LiMn2O4. For a further improvement of battery materials it is necessary to understand kinetic processes at and in electrodes and the underlying diffusion of lithium that directly influences charging/discharging times, maximum capacities, and possible side reactions. In the present study Li tracer self-diffusion is investigated in polycrystalline sintered bulk samples of near stoichiometric LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with an average grain size of about 50–70 nm in the temperature range between 250 and 600 °C. For analysis, stable 6Li tracers are used in combination with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The tracer diffusivities can be described by the Arrhenius law with an activation enthalpy of (0.97 ± 0.05) eV, which is interpreted as the sum of the formation and migration energy of a thermally activated Li vacancy.
Bács-Kiskun megye térszerkezete és a telekárak (Területi különbségek a társadalom értékítéletében)
Authors: Tánczos-Szabó László
Published: August 2021

Expanding the investigations related to land price analysis, this study demonstrates the territorial aspects of the issue through the example of Bács-Kiskun county enriching the methodology of spatial structure researches. The applied correlation analysis confirmed our assumption that scarcely more than a decade after the change of ownership relations, great differences can be detected among land prices, which reflect the main features of the county’s spatial structure. The land price map of Bács-Kiskun County demonstrates the main features of the spatial structrure and the characteristics of the centre-periphery relationships at municipal level. High land prices are typical in the areas which are rich in innovations and can be characterized with denser texture. Getting farther from them, the land prices become lower. Their temporal changes are also consistent with the interactions taking place in the spatial structure.
SARS-CoV-2 Lambda Variant: Spatiotemporal Distribution and Potential Public Health Impact
Authors: Chen Cao , Shi Qi , Dong Xiao-Ping
Published: August 2021

Various SARS-CoV-2 variants have continually emerged since the summer of 2020. Recently, the spread and potential effects of the Lambda variant on public health have caused great scientific and public concern. The Lambda variant (C.37), first identified in Peru in December 2020, contains a novel deletion (Δ246–252) and two novel mutations, L452Q and F490S, not present in the ancestral strain and other variants. The Lambda variant was designated a variant of interest in April of 2021. By the end of July, this variant sequence was detected in more than 30 countries worldwide, mostly in South America. This study analyzed the global spatiotemporal distribution of the Lambda variant from the beginning of January to the end of July from publicly available data. The Lambda variant spread rapidly in Peru and became predominant in March. Circulation of the Lambda variant has also been observed in some neighboring countries, i.e., Argentina, Chile and Ecuador, where it has remained at remarkably low levels. The circulation of the Lambda variant in other countries in South America (e.g., Brazil and Colombia) and other regions of the world has also occurred at very low levels, even though this variant has been known for a long time. Multivariate linear regression analyses of the proportion of case fatalities attributable to the Lambda variant, the new deaths and the new confirmed cases per million (7-day rolling average) in Peru did not show significant associations. A review of the most recent data on the Lambda variant has suggested this variant’s relatively high infectivity in cultured cells and low neutralizing titers of convalescent sera and vaccine-elicited antibodies in vitro. However, the exact effects of this variant on clinical severity and vaccine effectiveness remain poorly documented. The currently authorized COVID-19 vaccines are still believed to provide efficient protection against the Lambda variant.
The Role of Galanin in Cerebellar Granule Cell Migration in the Early Postnatal Mouse during Normal Development and after Injury
Authors: Komuro Yutaro , Galas Ludovic , Morozov Yury M. , Fahrion Jennifer K. , Raoult Emilie , Lebon Alexis , Tilot Amanda K. , Kikuchi Shin , Ohno Nobuhiko , Vaudry David , Rakic Pasko , Komuro Hitoshi
Published: August 2021

Galanin, one of the most inducible neuropeptides, is widely present in developing brains, and its expression is altered by pathologic events (e.g., epilepsy, ischemia, and axotomy). The roles of galanin in brain development under both normal and pathologic conditions have been hypothesized, but the question of how galanin is involved in fetal and early postnatal brain development remains largely unanswered. In this study, using granule cell migration in the cerebellum of early postnatal mice (both sexes) as a model system, we examined the role of galanin in neuronal cell migration during normal development and after brain injury. Here we show that, during normal development, endogenous galanin participates in accelerating granule cell migration via altering the Ca2+and cAMP signaling pathways. Upon brain injury induced by the application of cold insults, galanin levels decrease at the lesion sites, but increase in the surroundings of lesion sites. Granule cells exhibit the following corresponding changes in migration: (1) slowing down migration at the lesion sites; and (2) accelerating migration in the surroundings of lesion sites. Experimental manipulations of galanin signaling reduce the lesion site-specific changes in granule cell migration, indicating that galanin plays a role in such deficits in neuronal cell migration. The present study suggests that manipulating galanin signaling may be a potential therapeutic target for acutely injured brains during development.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDeficits in neuronal cell migration caused by brain injury result in abnormal development of cortical layers, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined. Here, we report that on brain injury, endogenous levels of galanin, a neuropeptide, are altered in a lesion site-specific manner, decreasing at the lesion sites but increasing in the surroundings of lesion sites. The changes in galanin levels positively correlate with the migration rate of immature neurons. Manipulations of galanin signaling ameliorate the effects of injury on neuronal migration and cortical layer development. These results shed a light on galanin as a potential therapeutic target for acutely injured brains during development.
Addiction-Associated Genetic Variants Implicate Brain Cell Type- and Region-Specific Cis-Regulatory Elements in Addiction Neurobiology
Authors: Srinivasan Chaitanya , Phan BaDoi N. , Lawler Alyssa J. , Ramamurthy Easwaran , Kleyman Michael , Brown Ashley R. , Kaplow Irene M. , Wirthlin Morgan E. , Pfenning Andreas R.
Published: August 2021

Recent large genome-wide association studies have identified multiple confident risk loci linked to addiction-associated behavioral traits. Most genetic variants linked to addiction-associated traits lie in noncoding regions of the genome, likely disruptingcis-regulatory element (CRE) function. CREs tend to be highly cell type-specific and may contribute to the functional development of the neural circuits underlying addiction. Yet, a systematic approach for predicting the impact of risk variants on the CREs of specific cell populations is lacking. To dissect the cell types and brain regions underlying addiction-associated traits, we applied stratified linkage disequilibrium score regression to compare genome-wide association studies to genomic regions collected from human and mouse assays for open chromatin, which is associated with CRE activity. We found enrichment of addiction-associated variants in putative CREs marked by open chromatin in neuronal (NeuN+) nuclei collected from multiple prefrontal cortical areas and striatal regions known to play major roles in reward and addiction. To further dissect the cell type-specific basis of addiction-associated traits, we also identified enrichments in human orthologs of open chromatin regions of female and male mouse neuronal subtypes: cortical excitatory, D1, D2, and PV. Last, we developed machine learning models to predict mouse cell type-specific open chromatin, enabling us to further categorize human NeuN+open chromatin regions into cortical excitatory or striatal D1 and D2 neurons and predict the functional impact of addiction-associated genetic variants. Our results suggest that different neuronal subtypes within the reward system play distinct roles in the variety of traits that contribute to addiction.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe combine statistical genetic and machine learning techniques to find that the predisposition to for nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis use behaviors can be partially explained by genetic variants in conserved regulatory elements within specific brain regions and neuronal subtypes of the reward system. Our computational framework can flexibly integrate open chromatin data across species to screen for putative causal variants in a cell type- and tissue-specific manner for numerous complex traits.
Збіжність методу операторної екстраполяції
Authors: Семенов В.В. , Сірик Д.С. , Харьков О.С.
Published: August 2021

Одним з популярних напрямів сучасного прикладного нелінійного аналізу є дослідження варіаційних нерівностей та розробка методів апроксимації їх розв’язків. Багато актуальних проблем дослідження операцій, оптимального керування та математичної фізики можуть бути записані у формі варіаційних нерівностей. Негладкі задачі оптимізації можна ефективно розв’язувати, якщо їх переформулювати як сідлові задачі, а до останніх застосувати сучасні наближені алгоритми розв’язання варіаційних нерівностей. З появою генеруючих змагальних нейронних мереж (generative adversarial network, GAN) стійкий інтерес до застосування та дослідження ітераційних алгоритмів розв’язання варіаційних нерівностей виник і в середовищі фахівців в галузі машинного навчання. Дана робота присвячена дослідженню двох нових наближених алгоритмів з брегманівською проєкцією для розв’язання варіаційних нерівностей в гільбертовому просторі. Перший алгоритм, який ми називаємо алгоритмом операторної екстраполяції, отриманий заміною в методі Маліцького—Тама евклідової метрики на дивергенцію Брегмана. Привабливою рисою алгоритму є всього одне обчислення на ітераційному кроці проєкції Брегмана на допустиму множину. Другий алгоритм є адаптивним варіантом першого, де використовується правило поновлення величини кроку, що не вимагає знання ліпшицевих констант і обчислень значень оператора в додаткових точках. Для варіаційних нерівностей з псевдомонотонними, ліпшицевими та секвенційно слабко неперервними операторами, що діють в гільбертовому просторі, доведені теореми про слабку збіжність методів.
Алгоритмічне послаблення впливу розсіяного випромінювання на рентгенівські зображення як альтернатива апаратним методам
Authors: Даник А.Ю. , Судаков О.О.
Published: August 2021

Розроблений авторами алгоритм послаблення впливу розсіяного випромінювання на рентгенівські зображення порівняний з двома найефективнішими апаратними методами: збільшення повітряного проміжку та застосування протирозсіювальних растрів. За допомогою числового моделювання показано, що простота та ефективність техніки маніпуляції величиною повітряного проміжку нівелюється збільшенням розмірів сканера і вимогами до детектора. Типовий протирозсіювальний растр із коефіцієнтом 12 відсіює розсіяне випромінювання з ефективністю десятиметрового повітряного проміжку, але вимагає для цього більшу на 50 % експозицію і дозове навантаження на пацієнта. Запропонована алгоритмічна компенсація забезпечує характеристики на рівні середніх апаратних засобів без збільшення дозового навантаження і додаткових апаратних вимог.
A review of agent-based modeling for simulation of agricultural systems
Authors: Mora Herrera Denys Yohana , Barrientos Aida Huerta , Zuñiga Escobar Orlando
Published: August 2021

In this manuscript global research trends are analyzed in agent-based modeling (ABM), which is applied to face the inherent complexity of agricultural systems. The search was carried out in Scopus, during the period 2009-2019, and the VOSviewer© software was used as a bibliometric tool. The results show that ABM is used under two approaches: research and policy evaluation, and in three thematic areas: systems and computation sciences, geography and ecology and environmental science. The purpose of this study is to investigate three types of phenomena: land-use changes, water management and agricultural policy evaluation. ABM has been shown to be useful for exploring and understanding the society-nature relationship of agricultural systems under an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approach, and for supporting decision-making processes via its application in a Latin American context, which for our purposes is still of utmost importance.
A data mining approach to the relationships between landslides and open-pit mining activity: a case study in Soacha (Cundinamarca)
Authors: Calderón Larrañaga Yolanda , GARCIA UBAQUE CESAR AUGUSTO , Pineda Jaimes Jorge Arturo
Published: August 2021

Landslides caused by changes in land use, or by anthropic activities such as open-pit mining, constitute one of the most important socio-economic risk factors in countries with developing economies. This article presents an approach to the relationships between mining activity and the development of landslides in a pilot area located in Soacha, Cundinamarca. Through data mining analysis and the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), an evaluation of the possible relationships of these factors was carried out, including socioeconomic aspects. From an inventory of open-pit mining sites, the geomechanical characterization of soil and rock units, and the characterization of environmental and social variables, data were obtained to define variables whose relationships were determined by algorithms programmed in the GIS. The results show that there is an indirect relationship between open-pit mining activity and landslides development over the last four decades in the studied zone.
Bibliometric analysis in brake disc: an overview
Authors: García-León Ricardo Andrés , Gomez-Camperos July , Jaramillo Haidee
Published: August 2021

In this article, the Bibliometric analysis of the study of disc brakes in automotive applications was carried out. The main objective of this work is to present a historical analysis of the behavior and evolution of the publication of publications related to the subject of disc brakes across the years; for this purpose, the R package Bibliometrix and VOSviewer were used, and the data was collected from the Scopus database using three keywords (Brakes, Disk, and analysis). The results showed that a total of 1,584 documents published mainly in English, the growth rate of this topic is 8.78% from 1964 to 2020, taking into account the first publication in this important area of the automotive industry. The analyzed articles were published by 2,971 authors from different parts of the world, with authors from China predominant, followed by India and the United States. Finally, the most representative journal on this topic is SAE Technical Articles with 241 articles, followed by Wear with 40 publications, which belong to quartile Q2 and Q1, respectively. On the other hand, current trends in publications are based on the optimization of the mechanical and chemical properties of the materials and components used in disc brakes, mainly related to geometry and performance.
Exact minimization of the energy losses and the CO2 emissions in isolated DC distribution networks using PV sources
Authors: Molina Alexander , Montoya Oscar Danilo , Gil-González Walter
Published: August 2021

This paper addresses the optimal location and sizing of photovoltaic (PV) sources in isolated direct current (DC) electrical networks, considering time-varying load and renewable generation curves. The mathematical formulation of this problem corresponds to mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP), which is reformulated via mixed-integer convex optimization: This ensures the global optimum solving the resulting optimization model via branch & bound and interior-point methods. The main idea of including PV sources in the DC grid is to minimize the daily energy losses and greenhouse emissions produced by diesel generators in isolated areas. The GAMS package is employed to solve the MINLP model, using mixed and integer variables; also, the CVX and MOSEK solvers are used to obtain solutions from the proposed mixed-integer convex model in the MATLAB. Numerical results demonstrate important reductions in the daily energy losses and the harmful gas emissions when PV sources are optimally integrated into DC grid.
Application of green inhibitors for corrosion control in metals. review
Authors: Ortega Ramirez Angie Tatiana , Barrantes Laura , Casallas Martin Braian David , Cortés Salazar Natalia
Published: August 2021

This review article characterizes the green inhibitors applied to control corrosion in metals and maintain the safety and profitability of the production process, since the corrosive phenomenon is insoluble, but can be mitigated with time. For this article, some case studies related to corrosion problems in metals are included, such as the accident in Aloha and the explosion in Guadalajara. Subsequently, the generalities of inhibitors for corrosion control are named, and the physisorption and chemisorption processes are compared. Then, inorganic, organic, synthetic, and green inhibitors are analyzed. The latter seek to replace the synthetic ones, for example, through aloe vera and other plant materials.
Modelling and simulation of a thermoelectric waste heat recovery system – TWRHS
Authors: Oliveira Marana Anderson Luis , Guerrero Martin Camilo Andrés , Montes-Páez Erik , Ando Junior Oswaldo Hideo
Published: August 2021

The thermoelectric effect allows the direct conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy without the need for moving parts and its applications are endless, with only the availability of a temperature gradient. Combustion vehicles generate energy losses of up to 62% and it is estimated that efficiency with thermoelectric generators can be increased by up to 8%. In this work we propose a system of waste heat from exhaust gases from the thermoelectric effect. A computational model was developed using the finite element method. Based on the simulations, a set of curves of electrical variables can be made as a function of temperature. There is a good correlation between the model and datasheet data. Based on the modeled system, it was possible to evaluate a generation system with the generation of up to 120W with 5.8% efficiency, representing an increase of up to 3% in overall efficiency.
Önállóságra éhezve. Az 1-es típusú diabetes mellitus és az anorexia nervosa együttes előfordulása egy serdülő leányban
Authors: Máté Orsolya , Ábrahám Ildikó , Cserép Melinda , Grundmann Lilla , Lendvai Zsófia , Pászthy Bea , Tóth-Heyn Péter
Published: August 2021

Összefoglaló. Az 1-es típusú diabetes mellitus (T1DM-) betegek
körében az evészavarok előfordulása az átlagpopulációhoz képest körülbelül
kétszeresre tehető. Ez a komorbiditás különösen veszélyes mind a magas
mortalitási rizikó, mind a súlyos szövődmények lehetősége miatt. Az evészavarban
szenvedő, T1DM-mel élő gyermekek és fiatalok hatékony kezelése a diabetológusok,
pszichiáterek, pszichológusok, nővérek és dietetikusok összehangolt munkájával
valósítható meg. Közleményünkben egy 14,5 éves, T1DM-mel élő, anorexia
nervosával diagnosztizált páciensünk multidiszciplináris terápiáját mutatjuk be,
kiemelve a különböző szakemberek együttműködésének főbb metszéspontjait. A
szoros diabetológiai gondozással párhuzamosan az anorexia nervosa terápiájában a
protokollok ajánlásaival megegyezően családterápiát és kognitív
viselkedésterápiás elemekkel bővített egyéni terápiát alkalmaztunk. A terápiás
folyamat összesen 18 hónapig tartott. Esetünk korábban le nem írt diabetológiai
érdekessége, hogy a számottevő súlycsökkenéssel párhuzamosan betegünk
inzulinigénye a töredékére csökkent, ami jelentős mértékben érintette a
bazálisinzulin-szükségletet is. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(33): 1341–1346.

Summary. The incidence of eating disorders is approximately twice as
high in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) compared to the general population.
Comorbidity is related to potentially severe organ complications and
consequently higher mortality risk. The effective treatment of eating disorders
in T1DM is provided by the teamwork of diabetologists, psychiatrists,
psychologists, nurses and dietitians. The purpose of this paper is to present
the multidisciplinary treatment of a 14.5-year-old adolescent with T1DM and
diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, focusing on the cooperation of the
professionals. In line with the current guidelines, both family therapy and
cognitive behavioral therapy-informed individual psychotherapy were applied
beside the strict diabetes control. Her therapy process lasted 18 months. The
unusual diabetological aspect of our case is that the significant weight loss
was associated with highly decreased insulin requirement affecting also the
basal insulin requirements. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(33): 1341–1346.
Effects of 6-weeks Bhastrika Pranayama Intervention on health-related components of physical fitness
Authors: Bal Baljinder S. , Kaur Parmjit , Singh Davinder , Bhardwaj Manoj
Published: August 2021

Background and Study Aim. The present study investigated the effects of 6-weeks bhastrika pranayama intervention (BPI) program on health-related components of physical fitness.

Material and Methods. We used a quasi-experimental design with fifty-two healthy girls (Mean ± SD; age, 23.6346±1.1551 yrs; body height, 158.0961±3.8616 cm; body weight, 55.6826±3.4002 kg) from Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India. The subjects were divided into two groups: Group-A: Bhastrika Pranayama Intervention (BPI); (n1=26) and Group-B: Control; (n2=26). The sample size (N=52) was calculated using the G*Power 3.1.9.7 software. A power of 0.80 (1-β err prob) and significance level (α) of 0.05. Subjects from both groups (pranayama and control) were assessed at baseline and right after 6-weeks. Group-A: (n1=26) subjected to BPI and Group-B: (n2=26) with no training.

Results. As compared BPI with the control group, the BPI group had a positive effect on selected health-related components of physical fitness (maximal oxygen consumption - VO2 max 1.3%; flexibility 1.8%; muscle strength 0.2.%). The 6-weeks Bhastrika Pranayama intervention program had no effect on the BPI group with respect to the parameter muscular endurance.

Conclusions. Daily practice of Bhastrika pranayama helps to keep lungs more efficient. Additional research is required to completely comprehend the consequences of this breathing exercise. Bhastrika pranayama is known for oxygen-based breathing exercise which helps to fill up the lungs with more oxygen. Bhastrika pranayama interventions with short as well as long duration in future research studies could be beneficial for healthy individuals with respect to health-related fitness components.
Causal attributions for success and failure among athletes: Validation of the Croatian version of the revised Causal dimension scale (CDS-II)
Authors: Prosoli Rebeka , Banai Benjamin , Renata Renata , Lochbaum Marc , Cooper Sydney , Jelić Margareta
Published: August 2021

Background and Study Aim. Researchers since the late 1970s have been interested in finding out the reasons attributed to outcomes. To facilitate attribution research in Croatia we translated and validated The Revised Causal Dimension Scale (CDS-II) and examined its invariance when attributing most and least successful competition performances.

Materials and methods. To achieve our stated aim, 384 kinesiology students completed the translated CDS-II. To test the latent structure of the questionnaire, we used CFA and tested two alternative models (orthogonal solution and model with correlated latent variables). Additionally, we examined the CDS-II invariance when attributing the most and the least successful competition performance in sport using longitudinal CFA. The reliability was tested using Cronbach alpha coefficients. Lastly, we tested differences in latent means between most and least successful performance using pairwise t-test.

Results. Similar to the originally published findings, CFA indicated the CDS-II structure with correlated latent variables had an adequate and better fit than the orthogonal solution in both situations. Furthermore, we confirmed configural, metric and scalar invariance, as well as partial strict invariance since one item’s residuals differed significantly from the others. Cronbach alpha coefficients were adequate across both situations. Lastly, athletes attributed their most successful performances to more internal, stable and controllable reasons than their least successful performances.

Conclusions. We confirmed that the Croatian version of the CDS-II has adequate psychometric properties and is therefore suitable for research in sport situations.
Martensitic transformation, magnetic entropy, and adiabatic temperature changes in bulk and ribbon Ni48Mn39.5Sn12.5−xInx (x = 2, 4, 6) metamagnetic shape memory alloys
Authors: Czaja P. , Przewoźnik J. , Hawelek L. , Chrobak A. , Zackiewicz P. , Maziarz W.
Published: August 2021

Martensitic transformation, magnetic entropy, and direct adiabatic temperature changes in Ni48Mn39.5Sn12.5−xInx (x = 2, 4, 6) metamagnetic Heusler bulk and grain-constrained ribbon alloys were studied. All alloys showed a typical L21 structure in austenite and the 4O structure in martensite. Their relative volume contributions changed depending on In content. With increasing In concentration, the martensitic transformation temperature increased, whereas the Curie temperature of austenite decreased. The magnetic entropy change under magnetic field of 5 T attained maximum of 20 J/kgK in the bulk and 14.4 J/kgK in the ribbon alloys with the Ni48Mn39.5Sn8.5In4 nominal composition. The corresponding adiabatic temperature change under 1.7 T yielded 1.3 K for the Ni48Mn39.5Sn8.5In4 bulk alloy. Despite grain confinement, melt spinning was found to stabilize martensite phase. Changes observed were discussed with relation to strengthened covalency imposed by In substitution.

Graphic abstract
Experimental Hall electron mobility of bulk single crystals of transparent semiconducting oxides
Authors: Galazka Zbigniew , Irmscher Klaus , Pietsch Mike , Ganschow Steffen , Schulz Detlev , Klimm Detlef , Hanke Isabelle M. , Schroeder Thomas , Bickermann Matthias
Published: August 2021

We provide a comparative study of basic electrical properties of bulk single crystals of transparent semiconducting oxides (TSOs) obtained directly from the melt (9 compounds) and from the gas phase (1 compound), including binary (β-Ga2O3, In2O3, ZnO, SnO2), ternary (ZnSnO3, BaSnO3, MgGa2O4, ZnGa2O4), and quaternary (Zn1−xMgxGa2O4, InGaZnO4) systems. Experimental outcome, covering over 200 samples measured at room temperature, revealed n-type conductivity of all TSOs with free electron concentrations (ne) between 5 × 1015 and 5 × 1020 cm−3 and Hall electron mobilities (μH) up to 240 cm2 V−1 s−1. The widest range of ne values was achieved for β-Ga2O3 and In2O3. The most electrically conducting bulk crystals are InGaZnO4 and ZnSnO3 with ne > 1020 cm−3 and μH > 100 cm2 V−1 s−1. The highest μH values > 200 cm2 V−1 s−1 were measured for SnO2, followed by BaSnO3 and In2O3 single crystals. In2O3, ZnO, ZnSnO3, and InGaZnO4 crystals were always conducting, while others could be turned into electrical insulators.

Graphic abstract
Antimicrobial potential of kombucha against foodborne pathogens
Authors: Hou Jie , Luo Rong , Ni Hui , Li Ke , Mgomi Fedrick C , Fan Luyao , Yuan Lei
Published: August 2021

The survival of foodborne pathogens under stressful food processing conditions and in host’s gastrointestinal tract has been widely reported to cause the outbreak of human diseases. Generally, antibiotics have been used to elimi-nate the microbial flora of foodborne pathogens. However, the overuse of antibiotics has contributed to the emergence and spread of multi-drug-resistant foodborne pathogens. Kombucha is a beverage prepared by fermenting sugared tea or other substrates with a symbiotic culture of yeasts and bacteria, and has been proved to fight food-borne pathogens and affect gastrointestinal microbial flora to prevent foodborne illnesses. In this context, this review primarily focused on microbiological and chemical compositions of kombucha obtained by fermenting different substrates. It further discussed the antimicrobial activity of kombucha, as well as potential antimicrobial agents found in kombucha, and the limitations of kombucha in the food industry. In addition, the need for developing antimicrobial agents from kombucha has been discussed for potential applications. The information provided in this review indicates that kombucha could serve as an alternative approach to control pathogens in place of using antibiotics.
GLOBALIZAÇÃO, (DE)COLONIALIDADE E (CONTRA)HEGEMONIA NO CONTEXTO DA INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR: O GRITO SURDO DA ACADEMIA
Authors: Moraes Mário César Barreto , Leal Fernanda Geremias
Published: August 2021

RESUMO O objetivo deste ensaio teórico é propor uma análise crítica e reflexiva do fenômeno da internacionalização da educação superior, a partir de conceitos estruturantesassociados aglobalização, (contra)hegemonia e (de)colonialidade. Os seguintes argumentos estruturam o texto: 1. Sendo a educação superior um campo relacional de poder, composto de redes e relacionamentos concomitantemente competitivos e cooperativos e permeado por influências econômicas vinculantes, a internacionalização da educação superior se ressente de uma delimitação que efetivamente a contextualize; 2. As desigualdades subjacentes às relações Norte-Sul se manifestam no domínio da internacionalização da educação superior, incluindo nas relações Sul-Sul, e ratificam o exercício do poder relacional e econômico; e 3. O fenômeno da internacionalização da educação superior encontra-se ontológica e epistemologicamente imerso na matriz cultural do poder colonial e atua sob o alicerce de um imaginário global dominante. O estudo possibilita evidenciar que os referenciais teóricos tendem a conceber os conceitos inerentes a globalização, (contra)hegemonia e (de)colonialidade de forma dicotômica, sem considerar a realidade híbrida, conflitante e complexa da educação superior e da internacionalização.