bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data Security Knowledge Among Students of Public Universities
Authors: Awang Hapini , Benlahcene Abderrahmane , Mansor Nur Suhaili
Published: July 2024

This chapter examines the current state of understanding of data security among students in Malaysia's higher education system, with a particular focus on knowledge regarding social media security and data security measures. The findings of revealed a widespread deficiency in respondents' knowledge regarding data security. These findings emphasise the pressing need for educational reforms. The findings also suggest incorporating data security education into the curriculum to nurture a generation of digitally literate individuals who are conscious of security. In line with the principles of Education 5.0, this chapter evaluates existing challenges and proposes educational interventions to address the identified gaps. These interventions align with the framework's emphasis on holistic development, critical thinking and technological literacy. This chapter makes a valuable contribution to the broader discourse on preparing students for the digital era and has implications for educational institutions not only in Malaysia but also on a global scale.
Attitude, Behaviour, and New Habit Formation for Taking Good Dietary Habits From System 2 to System 1
Authors: Norré Bart F. , Sharma Kirti , Dutta Kirti
Published: July 2024

Prevalence of poor dietary habits is a significant contributor to various health issues. Bad eating choices are ingrained in the intuitive and impulsive mode of thinking (System 1) and efforts to promote health information primarily target the analytical mode of thinking (System 2). How can healthy dietary habits consumption decisions be taken so that the same decisions are made when system 1 kicks in? Studies show that when behavior is habitual it occurs automatically and persists irrespective of the achievement of the goal. This chapter therefore advocates an approach to facilitate change of habit through the cue response mechanism. Various factors that influence habit formation - attitude, strength of motivation to form new habit, inhibitory control, reward salience, strength of conditioned responses (i.e. old habitual behavior) and influence of surroundings and peers are taken into consideration and strategies drawn leading to longevity of the habit formed. This provides a promising avenue for developing interventions to form healthy eating habits.
Mindless and Mindful Eating and Its Impact on Physical and Mental Health
Authors: K.S. Srinivasa Rao , A. S. Jamuna , Jekayinfa Oyeyemi Jumoke
Published: July 2024

Health is important to all human beings, but everybody realized it only after the recent pandemic due to COVID-19. Food is an important item to maintain good health. But, sometimes, other factors like the environment, be it at the domestic front or the workplace, also influence your mental and physical health. Due to stress from external factors, we may do mindless eating sometimes that will spoil our health later. On the other hand, mindful eating can lead to a greater psychological wellbeing. Research has proved that mindful eating is good for both physical and mental health, whereas mindless eating spoils our health. The authors have conducted a survey to understand the awareness of mindful and mindless eating and their impact on individual's health – both physical as well as mental health. It was recommended that one has to follow “food life balance,” just like “work life balance,” in order to be healthy to take-up the responsibilities of personal life as well as the career.
Revolutionizing Eating Disorder Treatment
Authors: Prabu P. , Poonia Ramesh Chandra , P. Prakash , V. B. Kirubanand , T. Senthilnathan , Sebastian Shiju
Published: July 2024

This chapter proposes a deep learning model aimed at transforming the treatment landscape for eating disorders (EDs). By integrating insights from advanced artificial intelligence (AI), the model enhances traditional psychotherapies, offering a novel approach tailored to the individual needs of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). The model's sophisticated neural architecture enables it to dynamically adapt interventions based on real-time patient data, surpassing the accuracy of conventional methods and significantly improving treatment outcomes. This innovative approach represents a significant leap forward in precision and adaptability in ED treatment, showcasing the transformative potential of AI. By offering promising avenues for improved treatment outcomes and patient well-being, this deep learning model heralds a new era in the management of EDs, underscoring AI's role in revolutionizing healthcare practices.
Grounded Theory
Authors: Esmeraldo Casey Allison
Published: July 2024

This chapter explores the application of grounded theory methodology in qualitative research, focusing on its role in unraveling cultural complexity. Grounded theory offers a systematic approach to understanding cultural phenomena by grounding theories in the data collected from diverse cultural contexts. The chapter begins by emphasizing the importance of cultural sensitivity and reflexivity, highlighting the need for researchers to acknowledge their own biases and engage with the perspectives of participants. It then discusses coding and analysis techniques across cultures, emphasizing the need to navigate cultural nuances and meanings. Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness and validity in cross-cultural research are examined. The chapter also explores the integration of diverse cultural perspectives in theory development, emphasizing the importance of co-constructing theories with participants. Overall, the chapter underscores the value of grounded theory and its role in fostering cross-cultural understanding in qualitative research.
Sampling Methods in Qualitative Sampling in Multicultural Settings
Authors: Akkaş Handan , Meydan Cem Harun
Published: July 2024

This chapter explores the complex field of application of qualitative sampling techniques in the context of multicultural settings, covering both probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling approaches. It recognises the importance of capturing the diversity and distinctiveness of multicultural populations and describes the intricacies of sampling in culturally diverse settings. It also explores the different challenges and considerations that arise when applying each method in different ethnic, linguistic and cultural contexts. Moreover, it emphasises the importance of aligning sampling methods with research objectives, context-specific considerations, and ethical principles. By providing practical information and guidance, the chapter equips researchers with the necessary tools to effectively navigate the complexities of qualitative sampling in multicultural settings.
Looking at Qualitative Research Data Collection Methods and the Significance of CAT in Cross-Cultural Interviewing
Authors: Elhami Ali , Roshan Anita , Giles Howard
Published: July 2024

This chapter gives an overview of the various data collection methods in qualitative research. Then the authors concentrate on the communication accommodation theory (CAT) and its strategies. Additionally, they explore how utilizing CAT can enhance the quality and depth of information gathered through focus groups and interviews. According to this chapter, in order to build relationships, researchers need to modify their communication styles according to factors like the age, gender, or social status of interviewees, as this encourages informants to share more information and reduces the likelihood of concealing secrets. This approach, when conversing in native or foreign languages, helps researchers maintain a better understanding of participants' perspectives and insights. Furthermore, adapting communication styles can also help researchers navigate cultural nuances and sensitivities, leading to more meaningful and accurate data collection and uncovering deeper insights and perspectives that may have otherwise been overlooked.
An Overview of Using IRAMUTEQ Software in Qualitaitve Analysis Designs
Authors: Mennani Maha , Attak Elhoussain
Published: July 2024

Qualitative research methodology provides an effective way to explore participants' perceptions and unlock their experiences. In multicultural research settings, particularly in social sciences (e.g., sociology, psychology, theology, etc.), there is a strong tendency among qualitative researchers to collect the required data through interviews. This study employs qualitative research methodology, particularly lexicometric analysis via the IRaMuTeQ software, to analyze text data from semi-structured interviews. This software allows for detailed statistical analysis of the text corpus, including classic text analysis, specificity analysis, similarity analysis, and word cloud. In addition, this research aims to explore participants' perceptions and experiences through around twenty interviews, juxtaposing process and content in order to identify different themes. The IRaMuTeQ software helps to visualize lexicographic elements and ensure homogeneity between initial and resulting themes through correspondence factorial analysis.
Exploring Fracture and Fatigue Behavior of Friction Stir Processed Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Gope Prakash Chandra
Published: July 2024

A solid-state method called friction stir processing is used to locally regulate and alter the microstructures of metal or composite near-surface layers. During this operation, a non-consumable tool is driven into the material laterally, agitating the material and producing heat in the process. Severe plastic deformation consequently takes place. A considerable degree of microstructural refinement and material homogeneity are achieved as a result of extreme plastic deformation and heat exposure. The primary process variables that impact the microstructure and other surface composite attributes include tool rotation and transverse speed, axial force, tool pin profile, number of passes, and groove design. Metal matrix composites are widely used in many engineering applications instead of commonly used metals due to their improved mechanical and metallurgical qualities, stability, durability, and corrosion resistance. In this chapter, the effects of some important process parameters on fracture toughness and fatigue behavior are discussed.
Quantum Computing for Supply Chain Optimization
Authors: Kaswan Kuldeep Singh
Published: July 2024

This chapter gives a brief description of subject foundations of chain architecture optimization and quantum computing. Through this chapter, the authors intend to discover and know the basic principles of quantum computing that are related to supply chain management. They explore the potentials of quantum algorithms in empowering and solving distribution and logistics optimization problems. The field of study covers a basic understanding of quantum computing excelling in supply chain activities, which also includes important topics such as superposition, entanglement, and quantum gates. The major point presented is that traditional optimization methods fail when applied to the large supply chain structures via their abilities to analyse all the variables as efficiently as they can. This chapter explores methods to improve techniques for making supply chains decisions and extends overall effectiveness and efficiency through use of methods based on quantum computers.
Blockchain-Secured Electronic Health Records for the Internet of Medical Things
Authors: N. Poonguzhali
Published: July 2024

Over the past 20 years, healthcare industries have witnessed a paradigm shift. The use of sensors and IoT-enabled devices for real-time patient monitoring and analysis has greatly simplified the process of determining the investigative criteria. Even while many medical sectors have embraced technology, there are still a lot of issues that remain to be solved. In order to improve health record security and enable access only by authorized individuals, this proposed system combines blockchain technology, IoMT, and electronic health records. A four-layer internet of medical things architecture is designed to guarantee the accuracy of data gathered from healthcare devices and sensors. It is determined that the block size of the hyperledger sawtooth system affects the throughput and latency results across a range of system operations after a series of performance tests over a basic setup of the system and an analysis over the data acquired from those tests.
Understanding Places Exploration and Visitation via Human Mobility Mining
Authors: Shad Shafqat , Usman Muhammad , Kumar Chandan , Afzal Hadiqa
Published: July 2024

Spatial-temporal data is widely available because of advancement in location acquisition technologies (GPS, GSM, Wifi, etc.) over past decades. This spatial-temporal data can easily be used to leverage user's trajectories, history, and habits to develop location-based services (LBS). But to leverage user's history based on location is bit challenging, in this paper we used the user's GPS log data to discover trajectories and analyze different life patterns over it. We proposed that a human spends 80% of his life on known places or safe places. We converted GPS patterns into visitation locations, converted them into daily and periodic trends and analyzed them over time to prove our assumption. We used the GPS data collected by Microsoft Research Asia, this data has 182 users with 73 users with their mode of movement information i.e., Taxi, Walk, Train etc.
INTERFACES ENTRE O PROGRAMA INTERNACIONAL DE AVALIAÇÃO DE ESTUDANTES E O CURRÍCULO DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA NO BRASIL
Authors: Pessoa Nemone Sousa , Pereira Karla Raphaella Costa , Fialho Lia Machado Fiuza , Vidal Eloisa Maia
Published: July 2024

O artigo tem como objetivo identificar as interfaces entre o Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Estudantes (PISA) e a organização curricular da Educação Básica no Brasil. De natureza qualitativa, caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa bibliográfica realizada por meio de análise documental, com uso do acervo da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) e do Ministério da Educação (MEC), além de artigos científicos disponíveis no portal de periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). As análises mostram que a nova organização curricular proposta para a Educação Básica no país é influenciada por mudanças em decorrência da participação brasileira no PISA. Observa-se também convergências entre a proposta internacional e a padronização do currículo da Educação Básica como mecanismo para atingir bons resultados educacionais pelos estudantes, sendo a implementação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), em 2018, uma das evidências desse esforço e que possui marcas do modelo de governança transnacional e seu projeto de internacionalização das políticas curriculares para a Educação Básica.
Magnetic Nitrogen-Doped Fe3C@ c Catalysts for Efficient Activation of Peroxymonosulfate for Degradation of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Zhu Hong Wu , Pan Yu Song , Wang Yuan Qing , Xiang Yan Lei , Han Rong , Huang Run
Published: July 2024

Recoverable and stable nanocatalysts are essential for peroxymonosulfate - based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in wastewater purification treatment. In this paper, Fe3C nanorods @ nitrogen-doped carbon composites (N-Fe3C@C) with core-shell architecture were fabricated by the co-precipitation and calcination methods, and characterized and analyzed in terms of their crystal structure, microscopic morphology, and surface chemical elements. In addition, N-Fe3C@C-4 degraded 85.36% of tetracycline in 10 min under PMS, which was much higher than the catalytic ability of Fe3O4 (42.03% in 10 min). Both the active radical trapping and EPR experiments verified that 1O2 played a key role for degradation of organic dyes in PMS system. The investigation on the degradation mechanism revealed that the presence of the carbon layer facilitated to adsorb TC, accelerate free radical generation and promote the redox cycle of Fe2+/Fe3+ in the nanocatalyst. This study offers novel ideas for multifunctional catalysts for advanced wastewater purification treatment.
Short-term outcomes of posterior surgery for thoracolumbar spinal metastasis
Authors: Elnady Belal , Gamal Karim , Hassan Mohamed G. , Ibrahim Mahmoud F. , Elmorshidy Essam
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of the work is to evaluate the postoperative quality of life, neurological condition, and ambulatory status of patients with spinal metastases treated surgically during the first year after surgery in countries with limited resources.

Methods

This was a prospective case series study. All patients with spinal metastasis and indicated for surgery, presented to our facility from 2020 to 2021 were included in the study. Clinical evaluation includes visual analog score (VAS) for back pain, the Frankel grading system for neurological assessment, the Tokuhashi severity and survival score for predicting the expected patient survival period, and the 5Q-ED score for assessment of quality of life.

Results

This study included 30 patients with thoracolumbar spine metastasis who underwent surgery, 21 males and 9 females in the age range of between 18 and 72 years with a median value of 49.17 ± 13.272 years. Five patients died within 6 months postoperatively due to advanced malignancy, while the remaining 25 patients were followed-up for at least 1 year.

Conclusion

Surgical treatment for metastatic spinal tumor can improve quality of life in a substantially high percentage of patients with acceptable complication rates in a limited resource setting. Spinal surgery for metastatic cancer significantly reduces pain and is effective in preserving neurological function over short-term follow-up with acceptably low morbidity. The Tokuhashi score (especially primary site of malignancy) had a significant effect on overall survival.
Ochronotic arthropathy of the hip with multiple joint involvement: a rare case report and literature review
Authors: Chowdhury Plaban N. , Vaish Abhishek , Baweja Pankaj , Vaishya Raju
Published: July 2024

Ochronosis is a rare inherited genetic disorder that affects tyrosine and phenylalanine metabolism. It leads to the deposition of dark pigments in connective tissues and articular cartilage, which are rich in collagen. This may lead to severe joint degeneration, known as end-stage arthropathy of the joints. In such cases, arthroplasty can offer significant improvement in function. We present a case of a 52-year-old man who was diagnosed with secondary osteoarthritis in his right hip. During the surgery, ochronosis was unexpectedly discovered. An uncemented total hip arthroplasty was carried out and yielded positive results. Additionally, this particular case exhibited widespread effects on both knees and the dorso-lumbar spine. This case demonstrates that total hip arthroplasty can successfully treat severe ochronotic arthropathy, resulting in functional outcomes comparable to those seen in primary osteoarthritis. However, early diagnosis is crucial. To achieve this, healthcare professionals must be aware of the condition, maintain a high index of suspicion, and conduct a thorough clinical examination.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the predictive accuracy of preoperative scoring systems for postoperative survival in patients with metastatic bone disease
Authors: Mansour Ahmed A.A. , El Mowafi Mohamed A. , Azmy Sherif I.
Published: July 2024

One significant clinical challenge is meeting the needs of patients with metastatic bone disease (MBD) who are susceptible to pathological fractures. Patients with cancer who undergo surgical procedures are more vulnerable to thromboembolic and infectious complications. The expected survival rate plays a major role in deciding the best action. The current systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of various preoperative survival scores in surgery for MBD. The aim of the review was to examine the preoperative survival evaluations used in surgery for MBD. A comprehensive exploration of medical literature was conducted using MEDLINE (accessed through Ovid), EMBASE (accessed through Ovid), and PubMed. A systematic analysis of studies examining prognostic scores that gauged survival rates in individuals with bone metastases was performed. Additionally, a meta-analysis encompassed studies assessing the sensitivity and specificity of the Tokuhashi and Tomita scores in predicting 6-month survival rates for spinal metastases. Incorporating a total of 68 studies, with 35 included in the meta-analysis, the Tokuhashi score demonstrated sensitivities ranging from 27 to 92%, and the Tomita score exhibited sensitivities from 76 to 99%. Specificities for the Tokuhashi score ranged from 44 to 96%, while the Tomita score specificities varied from 1 to 44%. The pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 6.04 (95% confidence interval, 3.96–9.21; Tau-squared=0.90;I2=86%) for the Tokuhashi score and 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 0.67–2.67; Tau-squared=1.02;I2=85%) for the Tomita score. The SORG Nomogram, developed in a substantial surgical cohort, exhibited robust discrimination for 3-month and 1-year survival, reliable calibration, and outperformed counterparts with low risk of bias and applicability concerns. PATHFx 3.0, 2013-SPRING, and potentially Optimodel emerged as superior models for predicting survival in extremity metastasis surgery. The Tokuhashi score showed high sensitivity and specificity, with an overall higher diagnostic value compared to the Tomita score. The SORG Nomogram demonstrated robust performance in predicting 3-month and 1-year survival, surpassing other models in terms of reliability and applicability. Additionally, PATHFx 3.0, 2013-SPRING, and potentially Optimodel emerged as promising models for predicting survival in extremity metastasis surgery.
Management of giant cell tumor of the distal end radius: extended curettage and adjuvant therapy versus wide resection and reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Eldebeis Hassan M.H. , El Masry Ayman M. , Elmowafi Mohamed A.
Published: July 2024

Background

Giant cell tumors (GCTs) in the distal end of the radius present unique challenges in balancing oncological clearance with preserving functional capabilities. This study aims to provide a comprehensive comparison between extended curettage with adjuvants and wide resection with reconstruction for GTCs of the distal radius, addressing outcomes such as recurrence rates, functional scores, and complications.

Patients and methods

A systematic review of the literature was conducted, involving databases such as MEDLINE, Cochrane library, and PubMed. Inclusion criteria comprised comparative cohort studies in English, comparing extended curettage with adjuvants versus wide resection with reconstruction in patients with GCTs of the distal end radius. Outcome measures included functional outcomes (Musculoskeletal Tumor Society, disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand), recurrence, metastasis, postoperative complications, and quality of life.

Results

The literature search identified 17 retrospective comparative cohort studies that met the inclusion criteria. The studies included 527 procedures, with an average participant age of 33.49 years and a mean follow-up of 7.1 years. The pooled estimate showed a significantly lower recurrence rate with wide resection (7.7%) compared with extended curettage with adjuvants (28.4%). Functional outcomes favored extended curettage in terms of visual analog scale pain scale and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand score, with no significant difference in range of motion but higher grip strength in the curettage group. Complication rates were higher with wide resection.

Conclusion

While extended curettage with adjuvants may pose a higher risk of recurrence, it demonstrates promise for improved functional outcomes. The study suggests that extended curettage leads to reduced pain and disability scores compared with wide resection, with a higher grip strength. The findings contribute to the ongoing discussion on the optimal management of GCTs in the distal radius, highlighting the importance of balancing oncological considerations with functional outcomes. However, study limitations, including retrospective designs and potential selection bias, should be considered in interpreting the results.
Thurston’s asymmetric metrics for Anosov representations
Authors: Carvajales León , Dai Xian , Pozzetti Beatrice , Wienhard Anna
Published: July 2024

We provide a good dynamical framework allowing to generalize Thurston’s asymmetric metric and the associated Finsler norm from Teichmüller space to large classes of Anosov representations. In many cases, including the space of Hitchin representations, this gives a (possibly asymmetric) Finsler distance. In some cases, we explicitly compute the associated Finsler norm.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Mechanically Ventilated Pediatric Patients in A Tertiary Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Tigist Bacha  , Netsanet Tsegaye  , Wagari Tuli
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ A few studies are available from Africa on the use of mechanical ventilation (MV) in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Knowledge of the outcome of patients on MV is critical for better use of resources. We aimed to assess the characteristics and outcomes of mechanically ventilated pediatric patients in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done from September 2016 to February 2018. Data were reviewed from the patients’ medical records. SPSS version 21 software was used for data entry and analysis.RESULTS: There were 536 patients admitted to PICU; out of these, 202 (41.2%) were on MV. Sixty-three-point six percent of the participants were males and 130 (59.1%) died. The most common indications for the initiation of MV were respiratory problems 46 (20.9%) and 30.59/1000 ventilator days developed complications. Ventilator-associated pneumonia accounted for 18.6% of the complications with 20.9/1000 ventilator days. Survival of medical cases was better than the surgical cases (including trauma); [AOR= 0.13, 95% CI (0.04-0.41)] and those who have MV for more than 3 days are 79% more likely to die (p=0.003). Those who have multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) [AOR= 0.181, 95% CI (0.08, 0.412)] and high PIM II severity score [AOR= 35, 95% CI (1.7,11)] had higher mortality rate.CONCLUSIONS: higher PIM II score, MODS, length of stay, and being a surgical patient increased the risk of mortality. Early resuscitation and thorough follow up of these ventilated patients are necessary.
Incidence and Predictors of Mortality among Preterm Neonates Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Ermias Abebaw  , Alemayehu Reta  , Getiye Dejenu Kibret  , Fasil Wagnew
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Prematurity is the most frequent cause of neonatal death and the second leading cause of under-five mortality. Preterm related complications accounts for 35 % of neonatal deaths within the first week after birth. So far, most studies done in Ethiopia have focused on estimating the prevalence and determinant factors of premature neonatal death. The current study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of mortality among preterm neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit at Debre Markos Referral Hospital.METHODS: An institution-based retrospective follow up study was conducted among premature neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Debre Markos Referral Hospital from July 2019 to October 2019. Around 498 patients were selected randomly. A multivariable cox proportional hazards model was fitted to identify predictors of mortality.RESULTS: A total of 498 preterm babies were followed, and the mean age for follow up at the time of admission to NICU was 15 hours ± 38 SD. Death rate in preterm was estimated to be 27.11% (95% CI: 23.3%, 31.1%). Preterm neonates with gestational age of less than 32 weeks (AHR=1.51; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.24), respiratory distress syndrome (AHR=1.49; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.17), perinatal asphyxia (AHR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.76) and congenital malformation (AHR=3.38, 95% CI: 1.21, 8.77) were statistically significant predictors of mortality among preterms.Conclusion: The incidence of death in preterm neonates is relatively low. Gestational age less than 32 weeks, perinatal asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome and congenital malformation were found as predictors.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dyslipidemia among Type 2 Diabetes Patients at a Referral Hospital, North Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Worku Misganaw Kebede  , Kefyalew Dagne Gizachew  , Getaneh Baye Mulu
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ The prevalence of diabetes and its associated complications rising in Ethiopia ranged from 2.0%–6.5%, the primary cause of morbidity and mortality with consequential economic impact. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of dyslipidemia among diabetes follow-up patients.METHODS: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital from January to March 2020 in 347 Adult type 2 diabetes follow-up patients using a convenient sampling technique. Data were collected by interviews and entered using Epi-data 4.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Factors having a p-value < 0.25 in the bivariable logistic regression model were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. Statistical Significance was declared at a p-value ≤ of 0.05.RESULTS: The prevalence of dyslipidemia among type 2 diabetes patients in this study was 59 %. Significantly associated variables were being female [AOR 2.6 (95% CI 1.2-3.2), P = 0.011], smoking history [AOR 4.1 (95% CI 2-6.8), P = 0.001], Being overweight [AOR 3.5 (95% CI 1.6-7.8), P = 0.002], Being obese [AOR 4.8 (95% CI 1.7-13), P = 0.002].Conclusion: Prevalence of dyslipidemia was high among diabetic patients, which accounts for 59%. Being female, smoking history, being overweight, and being obese were determinants of dyslipidemia. Patients with poor glycemic control need additional lipid-lowering therapies to prevent secondary Atheroscleroticvascular complications.
The Experiences of Family Members of COVID-19 Patients in Iran: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Elyas Hosseinzadeh Younesi  , Zahra Sabzi  , Mahbobeh Brojerdi  , Shohreh Kolagari
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Being diagnosed with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) usually causes emotional stress for patients and their families. Understanding the challenges faced by family members of COVID-19 patients is necessary to provide holistic family centered care to support patients and families on their journey to recovery from COVID-19. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of Iranian family members of COVID-19 patients.METHODS: This qualitative study was performed using the conventional content analysis approach in 2020 in Gorgan, northeastern Iran. Using a purposive sampling 15 family members of inpatient and outpatient COVID-19 patients who were involved in caring of their patients were selected. Data were collected using in-depth and semi-structured interviews and were analyzed by Graneheim and Lundman’s content analysis method with the support of MAXQDA software.RESULTS: Family members' experiences of COVID-19 patients were categorized into two main themes, four category and 10 subcategories. One of the main themes was "psychosocial distress", with two categories of "uncertainty of the disease" and "perceived psychosocial burdens". Another main theme was "adaptation strategies", with the two sub-categories including "adaptative care" and "trusting God".CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide a broad range of context-specific challenges faced by family members of Covid- 19 patients. It is essential for healthcare providers to be aware of the complex psychological and social conditions of families of Covid-19 patients. Hence, healthcare managers and policymakers should implement preventive and supportive programs at all levels in hospitals and community and provide supportive strategies to reduce or eliminate their challenges.
Impact on Mental Health of Families during Covid-19: A Cross- Sectional Survey
Authors: Sumaira Imran Farooqui  , Amna Aamir Khan  , Jaza Rizvi  , Batool Hassan  , Qurat-ul-Ain Adnan
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: The global pandemic of novel coronavirus outbreaks threatens the general public and health care workers' physical, social and mental well being. Therefore, the current study is aimed to highlight the status of mental health of families suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic.METHODS: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted on 560 families through Google Form distributed via email, Whatsapp groups, Facebook, and LinkedIn from November 2020 to January 2021 during the pandemic period in Karachi through the snowball sampling technique. The status of COVID-19 patients was assessed through demographics information and contextual factors questions whereas impact on mental health was assessed through Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21).RESULTS: A total number of 536 participated in the study. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was found to be 38.99%, 26.67%, and 15.48% respectively included 31% of males and 69% where the highest number of respondents belonged to district Central (37.8%). Chi square estimation was found to be significant among both the gender and in between all the age group ranges from 20 to 60 years. Moreover, significant association among categorical division of demography and DASS-21 p<0.05 was observed.CONCLUSION: The results of our study indicated high rate of depression and anxiety in majority of families; in particular females. Consistent with these symptoms, significant association was found between gender and age from high to low socioeconomic status.
Malpractice Awareness among Surgeons and Surgical Trainees in Ethiopia
Authors: Yonas Ademe  , Andualem Deneke  , Abebe Bekele
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: In Ethiopia, a country where seeing medical errors is not rare, there is a lack of data concerning the overall awareness of medical malpractice issues among physicians. A recent study showed that 80% of malpractice claims in Ethiopia are related to some form of surgery or operation room activities.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among surgeons and surgical trainees. Data were collected anonymously by an online survey using Google forms through a 56-items structured questionnaire. Subsequently, the data were analyzed and reported employing nonparametric statistical methods withSPSS software package 26.RESULTS: In our sample, the overall awareness regarding medical malpractice was relatively low. Surgery on a wrong patient (71.1%) was the most commonly reported form of malpractice, whereas unintended damage to adjacent organs (10.8%) was the most frequently disagreed up on form. In the event of a medical error, the majority (59.6%) reported readiness to disclose their error to the patient. The most common mentioned reason for not revealing a mistake was a threat of physical or verbal assault (68%). A significant number of respondents, i.e., 120(59.1%), reported being physically/verbally assaulted by a patient or their attendants at some point in their practice.CONCLUSION: The findings of our study provided a general picture of surgeons' and surgical trainees' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding medical malpractice. This study recommends more robust ethics and law training modules to surgical trainees, refresher courses to surgeons, and advanced training programs in ethics and law.
Households’ Food Insecurity and Its Association with Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors in Gaza Strip, Palestine: A Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Abdel Hamid El Bilbeisi  , Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh  , Ali Albelbeisi  , Samer Abuzerr  , Ibrahim Elmadfa  , Lara Nasreddine
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: This sudy aimed to identify the prevalence of household's food insecurity and its association with demographic and socioeconomic factors.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2021 among a representative sample of households in the Gaza strip governorates. A total of 1167 households randomly selected from all five governorates and were included in the study. The Radimer/Cornell food security scale was used to determine the prevalence and levels of household food insecurity. The household's demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were obtained using an interview-based questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of household's food insecurity was 71.5%. The prevalence by governorates was highest in Gaza (30.8%), followed by Khanyounis (23.0%), North-Gaza (18.6%), Middle-Area (15.2%) and Rafah (12.4%). Regarding the food insecurity levels, 333 (28.5%) of the households were food secure, 422 (36.2%) had mild food insecurity, 161 (13.8%) had moderate food insecurity, and 251 (21.5%) had severe food insecurity. Significant associations were found between governorates, monthly income, homeownership, work status with the household's food insecurity, (Crude OR [COR] = 2.02, 95% CI = [1.02-3.98], P value< 0.05), (COR = 2.00, 95% CI = [1.04-2.75], P value < 0.05), (COR= 2.36, 95% CI = [1.39-3.99], P value < 0.05), and (COR = 1.14, 95% CI = [0.66-1.97], P value < 0.05), respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that food insecurity is highly prevalent in the Gaza strip and is associated with poor living conditions. Therefore, this high prevalence should be seriously discussed and urgently considered.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 Infection and Acute Ischemic Stroke at Eka Kotebe General Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Edom Gebremedhin Gebreegziabher  , Nebiyu Getachew Mekonnen  , Melaku Taye Amogne  , Sebrina Ahmed Umer  , Getahun Mengistu Takele  , Dawit Kebede Huluka
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Acute ischemic stroke has been reported to occur in a significantly higher number of COVID-19 patients as compared to healthy controls with variable proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms. To our knowledge, sufficient data regarding this subject is lacking in Ethiopia and the African continent at large. In this case series, we report the clinical characteristics and management of 5 cases with COVID-19 infection and acute ischemic stroke to shed light on the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in resource-limited setups.METHODS: This is a case series including data collected from the medical records of 5 participants with confirmed RT-PCR positive COVID-19 infection and radiologically confirmed acute ischemic stroke, admitted at Eka Kotebe General Hospital Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from June 10, 2020, to November 04, 2020.RESULTS: Cryptogenic stroke was documented in 4/5 participants included in this series with the most common vascular risk factors identified for stroke being hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The median time from onset of COVID-19 symptoms to the identification of stroke was 07 days. Two fifth of the participants in this series died during their ICU admission with the immediate cause of deaths reported to be related to the severe COVID-19 infection but not stroke.CONCLUSION: Cryptogenic stroke was documented in 4/5 patients in this series despite the presence of vascular risk factors for other stroke subtypes. The overall prevalence, subtypes, and outcomes of stroke in COVID-19 patients in Ethiopia and the African continent as a whole needs additional research to elucidate the local burden of the disease and define the predominant pathophysiologic mechanisms for stroke in COVID-19 in the region.
Professional Commitment, Satisfaction and Quality of Life of Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Konya, Turkey
Authors: Şerife Didem Kaya  , Nimetcan Mehmet  , Kerem Şafak
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected nurses. The aim of this study was to assess professional commitment, satisfaction and quality of professional life of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Konya city, Turkey.METHODS AND MATERIAL: Cross-sectional study was conducted through online survey in March 2021 in Konya province of Turkey. Current working nurses from 30 public health facilities participated in the study. Standard questionnaire was used, the questionnaire has four components, the first part of questionnaire for characteristics of the participants, the second part was Nursing Professional Commitment Scale, the third part was regarding Professional Satisfaction Scale and the fourth part was related to Employees' Quality of Life Scale.RESULTS: Total 407 nurses participated in the study, only 24% of the participants were male, 76% of them were married and 78% of them were undergraduate degree holders. About two-third (68%) of the nurses worked in COVID 19 treatment Unit serving/treatıng COVID 19 patients durıng this period. Some nurses (37%) have considered leaving their job during the Pandemic. Average scores of total nursing professional commitment 2.63±0.48. The nurses’ working quality of life level was above average of total satisfaction. Comparing the age groups of the participants with the scale and sub-dimensions, a difference was found only with the Compassion fatigue sub-dimension (p<0.05). There is a positive relationship between total nursing professional commitment, compassion satisfaction and professional satisfaction.CONCLUSION: COVID-19pandemic negatively affected nurses' professional commitment, professional satisfaction and quality of their professional life.
Impact of Stunting on Development of Children between 1-3 Years of Age
Authors: Muhammad R. D. Mustakim  , Irwanto  , Roedi Irawan  , Mira Irmawati  , Bagus Setyoboedi
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Stunting occurs due to chronic malnutrition and is a major problem for children in developing countries. It is important to evaluate the impact of stunting on the development of children. This study aimed to investigate the impact of stunting on the development of children between 1-3 years of age.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2020 to March 2021 in Surabaya, Indonesia. A questionnaire and growth assessment were done, following the development measurement to stunted and non-stunted children who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Development was measured by the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST-II), and Cognitive Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic & Auditory Milestone (CAT/CLAMS) scales.Results: Three hundred children are included in this study, consisting of 150 stunted and 150 non-stunted children. Stunted children had a higher risk to be suspected of delayed development compared to non-stunted children. The Crude Odd Ratio was 2.98, 4.24, 4.75 with the p value 0.006, 0.001. and 0.001 respectively. The Adjusted Odd Ratio was 0.34, 0.24, 0.21 with pvalue of 0.008, 0.001, and 0.001 respectively.CONCLUSION: Stunting is associated with suspected development delay among children 1-3 years of age. Initiatives related to prevention need to be established and nutrition advice needs to be provided.
Frequency and Factors Associated with Orthostatic Hypotension in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: A Case-Control Observational Study
Authors: Abenet Tafesse Mengesha
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common and considered the most incapacitating non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Little is known about OH in Ethiopian PD patients. The objectives of the present study were to determine the frequency and factors associated with OH in individuals diagnosed with PD compared to a healthy control.
Methods: A multi-center case-control observational study was conducted. A total of 53 PD cases and 53 age and sex matched healthy controls were included. Both descriptive and Chi-square proportional statistical analysis were used.
RESULTS: The mean age distribution was comparable between the two study groups (61.9 vs. 59.9 years). Distribution of male gender was comparable between PD and control groups (71.7% vs. 67.9%). Nearly all the individuals diagnosed with PD were on levodopa treatment, and close to half of them were on anticholinergic drugs. Hypertension was the commonest comorbid disorder in both groups. The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension was higher in PD patients (22.6%) compared to the control group (9.4%). The proportion of constipation (p=0.007), urinary urgency (p=0.007), and nocturia (p<0.0001) was significantly higher among Parkinson’s disease patients compared to the healthy control group. Falls and excessive sweating were only reported by PD patients.
CONCLUSION: The present study shows the frequency of orthostatic hypotension in Ethiopian Parkinson’s disease patients is comparable to other regions. The presence of constipation, urinary urgency, and nocturia was associated with Parkinson’s disease compared to the control group.
Assessment of Adult’s Abdominopelvic Computed Tomography Radiation Doses in Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Seife Teferi Dellie  , Ambaye Fisehaw Tesfaw  , Tesfaye Kebede Legesse
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Computed Tomography plays a priceless role for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose; however, applying an optimized Computed Tomography Technique to produce qualified image while delivering minimum radiation dose to patients is the common challenge. The main objective of this study was to establish local diagnostic reference levels for adult patients who visited abdominopelvic Computed Tomography examination.
METHODS: A total of 158 patients who had taken abdominopelvic Computed Tomography examination from   three selectedAmhara region hospitals were investigated. Both prospective and retrospective techniques of data collection were used while collecting the data in the entire sample. Two GE - Optima Computed Tomography 540 (16 slices) and one Phillips – Brilliance (64slices), were employed during data collections. Data for patient demographics scan protocols, Computed Tomography dose descriptors and machine specifications were collected and analyzed by using SPSS software version 26.
RESULTS: The third quartile estimated computed tomography dose index volume and dose length product, which is the local Diagnostic Reference Levels, were 12 mGy and 1904 cm.mGy respectively. The investigated local Diagnostic Reference Levels   of Computed Tomography Dose index volume (mGy) was comparable to other international Diagnostic Reference Levels. However, the third quartile value of dose length product (cm.mGy) was higher than other reported international Diagnostic Reference Levels.
CONCLUSION: The values of local Diagnostic Reference Levels presented in this work can be used as a baseline upon which future dose measurements can be compared in Amhara region.