bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"CHALLENGE" AS A FUNDAMENTAL CATEGORY OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY AND RISKOLOGY
Authors: STEPANOV V.N.
Published: November 2018

Topicality. At present, the problem of methodological and methodical comprehension of the category "challenge" as a phenomenon of complex unstable processes of modern social development is actualized. Professionals dealing with national security issues and responding to challenges and risks posed by them today are particularly aware of the need to create a new potential for modern security management theory and methodology.Aim and tasks. The aim of the work is to discuss topical issues of system presentation and formalization of the "challenge" as a functional category of modern riskology and the theory of national security.Research results. Formed some theoretical and methodological basis of the systematic presentation of modern challenges as a source of risk situations, including an extraordinary (critical) character. It is noted that the progress of science and economic development, the exacerbation of socio-economic, resource-ecological and other contradictions and conflicts generate serious challenges and threats to the person and environment of his residence.The paper considers the results of the conceptual-categorical representation of the "challenge" and its derivatives from the perspective of the parametric general theory of systems. The place and role of the "challenge" in the system of risk management and national security are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the problem of "risk" as a consequence of calls and as an important category of risk management theory.Conclusions.The results of the theoretical and methodological comprehension of the "call" from the positions of the system-parametric approach presented in the paper are a definite basis for the formation of the conceptual-categorical basis of development and the theory of national security and riskology.In this context, the concept-categorical design of the "challenge" is seen as cumulative, purposeful or random changes in social development, which can lead to both negative and positive synergetic effects; specially formed new ideas, projects that determine the new transformation processes; new threats, new opportunities that affect the essential (indigenous) interests of communicatively dependent economic and other actors, and require, as a rule, urgent response.
Питання історичної пам’яті в сучасних українсько-польських взаєминах
Authors: Strilchuk Ludmila , Ninichuk Andriy
Published: November 2018

У статті досліджуються проблеми історичної пам’яті у сучасних українсько-польських взаєминах. Останніми роками між  Україною та Республікою Польща виникає чимало суперечок з приводу проблем історичної пам’яті та питань трактування  спільної історії, а це негативно впливає на міжнаціональні взаємини. Особливо гостро це проявляється стосовно проблеми українсько-польського протистояння на Волині у роки Другої світової війни.

Ключові слова: Україна,  Республіка Польща, історична пам’ять,  волинська трагедія, війни на могилах, міжнаціональні взаємини, міждержавні відносини, політика
John C. Carapanayiotis (1909–1999)
Authors: Baltas Christos S. , Balanika Alexia P. , Carapanayiotis Olga J. , Hesketh Graeme , Sgantzos Markos N.
Published: November 2018

John C. Carapanayiotis was specialized in physical medicine and rehabilitation in the USA in 1948, at a time when the medical world in post-war Greece was ignorant of this specific medical specialty, and the political, economic and social backdrop was incapable of accepting and understanding the wealth of scientific knowledge that he was trying to introduce. At this point it should be noted that the specialty of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation was established in Greece in 1973. John C. Carapanayiotis was a member of the American Congress of Physical Medicine during the 1950’s. In the same period, he expressed interest, on behalf of the New York University, in the establishment of a Physical Therapy Clinic in Greece, which would be granted unlimited funding by the Marshal Plan.His efforts clashed constantly with the backward mentality of his time, with the entrenched conservatism and with the bureaucratic red tape. Unfortunately, he was far ahead of his time and was condemned to the same fate as all other visionaries and pioneers in the way that his knowledge and scientific background were not put into practice for decades to come.
Finite IUML-algebras, Finite Forests and Orthopairs
Authors: Aguzzoli Stefano , Boffa Stefania , Ciucci Davide , Gerla Brunella
Published: November 2018

We show that finite IUML-algebras, which are residuated lattices arising from an idempotent uninorm, can be interpreted as algebras of sequences of orthopairs whose main operation is defined starting from the three-valued Sobociński operator between rough sets. Our main tool is the representation of finite IUML-algebras by means of finite forests. 1
Satisfiability versus Finite Satisfiability in Elementary Modal Logics
Authors: Michaliszyn Jakub , Otop Jan , Witkowski Piotr
Published: November 2018

We study variants of the satisfiability problem of elementary modal logics, i.e., modal logic considered over first-order definable classes of frames. The standard semantics of modal logic allows infinite structures, but often practical applications require to restrict our attention to finite structures. A number of decidability and undecidability results for the elementary modal logics were proved separately for general satisfiability and finite satisfiability. In this paper we justify that the results for both kinds of the satisfiability problem must be shown separately – we prove that there is a universal first-order formula that defines an elementary modal logic with decidable general satisfiability problem, but undecidable finite satisfiability problem, and, the other way round, that there is a universal first-order formula that defines an elementary modal logic with decidable finite satisfiability problem, but undecidable general satisfiability problem.
A Full-Newton Step Interior-point Method Based on a Class of Specific Algebra Transformation
Authors: Kheirfam Behrouz , Nasrollahi Afsaneh
Published: November 2018

We present a primal-dual path-following interior-point method for linear optimization that is based on the integer powers of the square root function. Our derived search directions is a generalization of the standard directions and the search directions given by Darvay. The proposed algorithm uses only full steps and hence no need to perform line search. We first prove that the iterates lie in the quadratic convergence neighborhood of the proximity measure and then derive the iteration-complexity bound for the algorithm.
Approximation Algorithms for Three Dimensional Protein Folding
Authors: Shaw Dipan Lal , Islam A.S.M. Shohidull , Karmaker Shuvasish , Rahman M. Sohel
Published: November 2018

Predicting the secondary structure of a protein using a lattice model is one of the most studied computational problems in bioinformatics. Here the secondary structure or three dimensional structure of a protein is predicted from its amino acid sequence. The secondary structure refers to the local sub-structures of a protein. Simplified energy models have been proposed in the literature on the basis of interaction of amino acid residues in proteins. We focus on a well researched model known as the Hydrophobic-Polar (HP) energy model. In this paper, we propose the hexagonal prism lattice with diagonals that can overcome the problems of other lattice structures, e.g., parity problem. We give two approximation algorithms for protein folding on this lattice using HP model. Our first algorithm leads us to a similar structure of helix structure that is commonly found in a protein structure. This motivates us to propose the next algorithm with a better approximation ratio. Finally, we analyze the algorithms on the basis of intensity of the chemical forces along the different types of edges of hexagonal prism lattice with diagonals.
Attribute-based Data Integrity Checking for Cloud Storage
Authors: Tian Miaomiao , Wang Lingyan , Zhong Hong , Chen Jie
Published: November 2018

Cloud storage is a significant service provided by the cloud that enables users to store their immense data into the cloud. As the advent of the big data era, cloud storage services are becoming increasingly popular. For security reasons, data owners would like to check the integrity of their data after storing it in the cloud. To do this, they usually make use of the public cloud data integrity checking schemes. This paper focuses on user anonymity in such schemes so that no third party could infer the identity information of any data owner from checking procedures. The problem is obviously inevitable in reality, however the current solutions are relatively involved as they heavily use public key certificates and/or incur huge communication overhead. In this paper we introduce the concept of attribute-based cloud data integrity checking to achieve user anonymity lightly and present security models for such systems. We also provide a practical construction and prove its security in the random oracle model. Finally, we show how to extend our construction to protect data privacy against any third party.
Analysis on lightning electromagnetic fields received by antenna and electric field change instrument
Authors: Li Xiangchao , Ma Xiaoqi , Xu Xiaopei , Cai Lujin
Published: November 2018

Based on the radiation of the transient electromagnetic fields in lightning discharge channel, we establish the simulated model of lightning channel in the laboratory and analyze the data and waveform, which are received by the low frequency magnetic antenna and the plate capacitance electric field change instrument. Thus we draw some conclusions. In the experiment, the energy of lightning current is mainly concentrated in the low-frequency stage, and the difference of energy between two frequency point decreases with the frequency growth. The waveform of plate capacitance appears after that of magnetic antenna. As the impulse current increasing, the coupling amplitude and energy of the antenna have an increased trend and the growth of the magnetic antenna is more stable. When distance is further, the amplitude and energy of the antenna present a tendency of decrease. And the forepart is steep and the back is flat. The results have some significance on the research of lightning return stroke and lightning electromagnetic fields.
The External Dimension of the EU Energy Security in the Field of Natural Gas – the Approach to Diversification of Suppliers
Authors: Dubský Zbyněk , Pavliňák Daniel
Published: November 2018

The paper deals with one aspect of the external dimension of EU energysecurity, namely the question of diversification of the natural gas supply inthe case of import dependence. The diversification of natural gas importsplays a specific role, as it depends on the capability and acceptability of newtransport routes. The aim of this paper is to create a methodologicalframework for evaluating individual variants of the diversification ofpipelines and suppliers by using quantitative methods. For the comparisonof gas pipeline variants, six criteria were chosen (annual gas pipelinecapacity, the contract price and margins negotiated with the natural gasproducer and transit states, the remaining available natural gas reserves inthe source country, political and security stability of source countries, thenumber and political and security stability of transit countries, and energydensity of natural gas). From the criteria an index was constructed. Thismakes it possible to compare alternatives while taking into account thepolitical and economic dimension in the planning and implementation oftransport networks.
Community-based tourism and its contribution to poverty reduction in Viet Nam
Authors: Pham Cuc Thi Hong , Ngo Loan Thanh
Published: November 2018

The paper recapitulates some characteristics of tourism which make this activity convenient to the contribution of poverty alleviation. Concrete examples in Viet Nam show that efficient participation of local community in tourism can help to improve their living standard. Through community-based tourism, benefits gained by local people are innumerable such as income raise, stable work, enrichment of knowledge, etc. Simultaneously, they enhance their responsibility to tourist activities, protection of environment, preservation of local culture and traditional craft. Community-based tourism not only takes an active part in poverty reduction, but also proves to be a good approach towards sustainable tourism development in Viet Nam.
Environmental monitoring of groundwater in urban ecosystems.
Authors: Dychko Alina , Yeremeev Igor
Published: November 2018

Monitoring system, that ensures a steady control of water urboecosystem in area of man-caused factors influence, which allows evaluating measures to reduce the impact of hazardous sources on environment, which predicts possible consequences of intensive exploitation of ecosystem objects, is practically absent. Methods for determining structure of measuring network, arising from theory of fractals, are presented.
The developed methodology for improving reliability of data for environmental monitoring is based on determining structure of measuring network, area limits and density of pollution on basis of measuring network data and appropriate interpolation and smoothing algorithms, and also determining dynamics of pollution area.
Measurement network for monitoring of groundwater in urboecosystem should be formed as a matrix structure. The developed system of environmental monitoring allows carrying out constant monitoring of the environment, evaluating measures to reduce the technogenic impact and predicting its consequences.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BUBUK UDANG REBON (Acetes Erythaeus) TERHADAP KANDUNGAN GIZI DAN DAYA TERIMA MENU PEMBERIAN MAKANAN TAMBAHAN (PMT) BALITA DI POSYANDU
Authors: Muis Anis Abdul , Kunaepah Uun , Hizni Alina , Sulistiyono Priyo
Published: November 2018

The proportion of underweight children and stunting increased between 2007-2013. Underweight increased from 18.4% to 19.6% and stunting increased from 36.8% to 37.2% (Ministry of Health, 2013). Less food intake, the economic capacity of families and the lack of food cheap source of animal protein available and can be consumed by children under five is the cause of the problem. Small Shrimp (Aceteserythraeus) contains high protein and calcium, but not yet utilized optimally for nutritional improvement. This study aims to determine the acceptability of infants in food supplementary added Shrimp Powder (SP).This type of research is the experiment, with the design Randomised Control Trial (RCT) in the form of the acceptance test with the addition Shrimp Powder (SP) of menu food supplementary in infants at posyandu. Sampling RW.09 Village Kesunean Cirebon purposive sampling in the coastal areas with a high prevalence of malnutrition. A total sample of 60 toddlers of 30 toddlers and 30 toddlers control treatment, taken by systematic random sampling that meets screening criteria.Southwestern acceptance test results received of menu food supplementary with the addition Shrimp Powder 5% was slightly lower (79.9%) of the reception menu food supplementary without SP (87.5%) and showed no statistically significant differences(p= 0.215). Talam cake has received the highest power, then grits and steamed noodles. Shrimp powder at menu, 6,1-25,5kkal contributed to increasing energy, protein and calcium 1,3-5,5g 1,2-5,2mg per 100g food supplementary. SP can not be added in large quantities (± 5%), because it will affect the flavor and acceptability toddlers. To optimize SP contribution in improving the nutritional content of supplementary menu, then added in small portions (± 5%), but often
TERAPI DIATERMI GELOMBANG MIKRO DAN TRAKSI TRANSLASI PENDERITA HEMIPLEGIA DENGAN GANGGUAN GERAK SENDI BAHU DI RUMAH SAKIT FATMAWATI JAKARTA TAHUN 2015
Authors: Andreas Hariandja Andy Martahan , Jannis Jofizal Jannis , Suranto Suranto Suranto
Published: November 2018

Delaying in caring restricted shoulder’s joint motion among haemiplegia patients lead to worsen conditions, which are characterized by the limitations of active and passive movement on the entire movement of the shoulder joint. This study aims to determine the effect of Diathermy Micro Wave therapy and translational traction on the changes in joint motion of shoulder hemiplegia with frozen shoulder. This research uses pre-experiment pre-posttest one group design. The study population was hemiplegic patients with frozen shoulder movement dysfunction. The sample was 15 the patiens in the population those chosed based onpurposive sampling consideration with 30 - 50 years aged. The result of statistical analisys showed that paired t-test for the extent of exorotation of the shoulder joint before and after MWD and traction-translation revealed significant differences with p = 0.014 <α = 0.05; wilcoxone test for abduction before and after administration of MWD and traction-translation made significant different with value of p=0.046 < α=0.05; and wilcoxon test for endorotation shoulder joint area before and after administration of Diathermy Microwaves and traction-translations showed significant differences (p = 0.001 <α = 0.05). The conclusion of this research is the provision of Diathermy Micro Wave intervention and traction-translation can increase the distance of motion abduction, exorotation and endorotation of shoulder joints of Hemiplegia patients with shoulder joint disfunction.
KUALITAS BIOLOGIS AIR KOLAM RENANG UMUM DI KOTA TANGERANG
Authors: Aminah Aminah Aminah , Jamilatun Makhabbah
Published: November 2018

Various studies have shown that swimming pool mismanagement could serve as medium for water-borne diseases transmission. The research aimed to assess the biological quality of public swimming pool water in Tangerang city. One public swimming pool at the center of Tangerang city was assessed during November – December 2016 by adding two parameters to routine bacteriological indicators assessed by Tangerang city Heath Official in publicfacilities. Nine samples taken from three points in the swimming pool at three time periods, i.e. before, after, and during operational hours were analysed in the laboratory for detection and quantificaton of bacteriological indicators of swimming pool water, i.e. coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results showed that the number of total coliform and Escherichia coliof the public swimming pool exceeded WHO guidelines but not Peudomonas and Staphylococcus. Therefore,the disinfection, cleaning, and monitoring procedures need to be improved as well as increasing public swimming pool users education about the risk of potential transmissible diseases in public swimming pool.
Peran Bumdes Dalam Membangun Kewirausahaan Dan Kemandirian Desa (Studi Kasus Bumdes Mugirahayu, Desa Lebak Herang, Kecamatan Ciwaru, Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat)
Authors: Hadiyat Yayan
Published: November 2018

Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDES) have a strategic role in improving the economy and village independence. Since the issuance of Law No. 32/2004 concerning Regional Government, the number of BUMDES until 2017 has reached 18,446. The main challenge for the existence of BUMDES is to be able to become a driver of economic development in the village. In many regions, BUMBDES has contributed to accelerate rural development and encourage the economic independence in the village. However, many BUMDES are stagnant, so that needs field studies to see the problems and the way of efforts to overcome them, and the result can bu used as models for the development of BUMDES in other regions, and can be used as national models. This article presents the results of case study of the MUGIRAHAYU BUMDES in Lebakherang Village, Subdistrict of Ciwaru, Kuningan District, West Java, where since the beginning of its establishment it has experienced success and gave benefits for improving the community's economy in the village, but many the BUMDES has experienced ups and downs, even stagnating. Some of the problems obtained from the field, namely the existence of organizational and the sussession problems, and emerged the existence of organizational dependence from several administrators, so that a good community spirit (paguyuban) in the village is unable to encourage BUMDES MUGIRAHAYU to build reliablility of the organization  of BUMDES and entrepreneurial for the community. The New Public Management (NPM) and Fadel Model (2008), can be proposed to overcome the problems that occur in BUMDES and be able to strengthen sustainability of organizational life and building entrepreneurship. By strengthening transparency, accountability and professionalsm of management teams, BUMDES would be able to push the business of the community in the villages and build community entrepreneurship through exploring the local potential and endowment, so that it can build the economic independence in the village.

 

 
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU MEROKOK DI DALAM RUMAH DI KELURAHAN TAROK
Authors: Athanmika Dina
Published: November 2018

Merokok adalah perilaku penggunaan .Wabah tembakau atau rokok telah meracuni dan membunuh 4 juta penduduk dunia setiap tahunnya.  Berdasarkan laporan WHO tahun 2008 ditemukan 24,1% remaja pria Indonesia adalah perokok. Konsumsi rokok di Indonesia meningkat lebih cepat dibandingkan negara-negara lain. Pada kelompok umur 10-14 tahun, jumlah perokok meningkat dari 0.3% menjadi 1.4% dalam kurun waktu 18 tahun (1995-2013), dan pada kelompok umur 15-19 tahun terjadi peningkatan dari 7,1% ke 18,3%.  Hasil Riskesdas 2013, menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 30,3% perokok aktif di Sumatera Barat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku merokok didalam rumah Kelurahan Tarok Kecamatan Payakumbuh Utara Tahun 2014.Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala keluarga  perokok yang berada di Kelurahan Tarok Kecamatan Payakumbuh   Utara   dengan   jumlah   sampel   162   responden   dan   dipilih menggunakan teknik Simple Random Sampling. Pengolahan data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat (Uji Chi-Square).Hasil analisis univariat didapatkan sebagian besar (89,5 %)  responden mempunyai perilaku merokok, 62,3% responden memiliki sikap negatif, terdapat 51,2% responden memiliki perceive behavioral yang tinggi, dan 56,8 % responden memiliki peran ibu rumah tangga yang tidak optimal. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara peran ibu rumah tangga (p = 0,032 ; OR = 3,6), tidak ada hubungan sikap (p = 0,958 ; OR =1,18) dan perceive behavioral (p = 0,152 ; OR = 2,5) dengan perilaku merokok didalam rumah.penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan peran ibu rumah tangga terhadap perilaku merokok. menjalin kerjasama dengan tokoh masyarakat   dalam memberikan informasi dan pengetahuan kepada warga berupa penyuluhan kesehatan tentang merokok agar dapat menghentikan kebisaan merokok didalam rumah.
FAKTOR - FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PENERAPAN KOMUNIKASI SBAR PADA SAAT OVERAN DINAS DI RUANG RAWAT INAP
Authors: Rezkiki Fitrianola
Published: November 2018

Abstract

The application of communication SBAR is one effort in improving security hospital patients .Based on the report institute of medicine to err is human building a safer health system in 2012 around 3- 6 % scene not expected ( ktd ) the last extend long day rawatan or inflict disability in hospital patients .Research aims to understand factors that deals with the application of communication SBAR at the time overan government offices in inpatient rooms RSAM Bukittinggi. The kind of research this is descriptive analytic with the approach cross sectional study.Population this research is nurse as the team head of the in inpatient rooms RSAM Bukittinggi.The sample collection using a technique total of sampling as many as 36 people.Date collection use sheets of kuisioner and a observation the implementation of the SBAR.Date analysis covering analysis unviariat and analysis bivariat use chi-square test. Based on the results of research know that 83,3 % of respondents knowledge high, 61,1 % with response negative attitude, 50 % with the motivation low and rp 66.7 % of respondents not to apply communication SBAR appropriate with the SOP.There was a correlation the attitude ( p = 0,003, or = 11.4 ), motivation ( p = 0,013, or = 10 and there was no connection knowledge ( p = 1,000 ) by the application of communication SBARin overan agency. Concluded that attitude and motivation nurse associated with the implementation of the communication SBAR in overan agency  so expected to the team head of the nursing to can always motivate self and the team members nursing to they do care nursing appropriate with the SOP including in the implementation of the communication SBAR at the time overan agency.

Keywords         : Knowledge , Attitude , Motivation , Communication SBAR
Hubungan Karakteristik Orang Tua Dengan Pengetahuan Pemberian Antibiotika Pada Anak Di Jorong Balai Ahad Lubuk Basung Tahun 2016
Authors: Athanmika Dina
Published: November 2018

Penggunaan antibiotik kurang tepat masih banyak terjadi di Indonesia. Pemilihan dan penggunaan terapi antibiotika yang tepat dan rasional akan menentukan keberhasilan pengobatan untuk menghindari terjadinya resistensi bakteri. Dilihat dari hasil Riskesdas tahun 2013 dimana 35,2% rumah tangga di Indonesia menyimpan obat untuk Swamedika terdiri dari obat keras, obat bebas, antibiotika, obat tradisional dan obat-obat yang tidak teridentifikasi. Dimana menyimpan antibiotika sebesar 27,8% dimana 30,1% terjadi di pedesaan dan 86,1% menyimpan antibiotika tanpa resep. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik orang tua (pendidikan, status ekonomi dan pengalaman) dengan pengetahuan dalam pemberian antibiotika pada anak.Jenis penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi adalah ibu yang memiliki anak 0-5 tahun yang berada di  Jorong Balai Ahad  berjumlah 69 orang, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara total sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan panduan kuesioner, kemudian diolah secara komputerisasi dengan menggunakan uji statistik chi-square.Hasil analisis univariat diketahui 60,9 % responden memiliki pendidikan rendah, 55,1 % status ekonomi tinggi, 76,8 % memiliki pengalaman, dan 55,1 % pengetahuan kurang dalam pemberian antibiotika. Hasil bivariat diketahui ada hubungan tingkat pendidikan (p = 0,030 dan OR = 3,400), status ekonomi (p = 0,000 dan OR = 8,013), dan pengalaman (p = 0,034 dan OR = 4,853) dengan pengetahuan orang tua dalam pemberian obat antibiotika pada anak.Disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan karakteristik dengan pengetahuan orang tua tentang pemberian obat antibiotika pada anak. Diharapkan pada petugas kesehatan agar memberikan penjelasan yang lengkap tentang pemberian obat antibiotika agar dapat bekerja maksimal dalam pengobatan.Kata Kunci : Karakteristik, Pengetahuan orang Tua tentang Penggunaan antibiotika Pada Anak.
ANALISIS PERAN KELUARGA SEBAGAI PENGAWAS MINUM OBAT (PMO) PASIEN TB PARU
Authors: Febrina Wiwit
Published: November 2018

Menurut laporan WHO tahun 2013, diperkirakan terdapat 8,6 Juta kasus TB pada tahun 2012. Upaya pengendalian TB dilakukan dengan menerapkan strategi DOTS. Salah satu dari komponen DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Short-course) adalah paduan OAT (Obat Anti Tuberkulosis) jangka pendek dengan pengawasan langsung. Untuk menjamin keteraturan pengobatan diperlukan seorang Pengawas Minum Obat (PMO). Keluarga dapat dijadikan sebagai PMO, karena dikenal, dipercaya dan disetujui, baik oleh petugas kesehatan maupun penderita, selain itu harus disegani, dihormati dan tinggal dekat dengan penderita serta bersedia membantu penderita dengan sukarela. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Ophir. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap partisipan untuk mengeksplor peran keluarga sebagai Pengawas Minum Obat (PMO). Partisipan diambil secara purposive sampling berjumlah 8 orang terdiri dari 3 orang PMO, 3 Orang Pasien TB Paru, 1 Orang petugas TB Paru Puskesmas, 1 Orang Kepala Puskesmas. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan adanya empat tema yaitu peran sebagai motivator sudah optimal, peran dalam mengingatkan pemeriksaan ulang sputum sudah optimal, peran pengawasan pengobatan sudah maksimal, sedangkan peran sebagai edukator belum maksimal. Disimpulkan bahwa peran keluarga sebagai PMO bagi pasien TB Paru dalam mengawasi, memotivasi, memastikan pemeriksaan ulang sputum, dan memberikan edukasi kepada pasien TB, akan membantu proses kesembuhan bagi pasien TB Paru. Puskesmas perlu meningkatkan sosialisasi dan penyuluhan terhadap PMO dan pasien TB Paru mengenai penyakit TB Paru serta melakukan monitoring dan evaluasi terkait feedback dari program TB Paru di masyarakat.

 

Kata kunci : Peran Keluarga, Pengawas Minum Obat (PMO), TB Paru
Akram Khan, Lloyd Newson, and the Challenges of British Multiculturalism
Authors: Kolb Alexandra
Published: November 2018

In a climate riven by national insecurities, anti-immigration movements and competing visions of a post-Brexit future, this paper examines the contentious space multiculturalism has inhabited in 21st-century British choreography. It analyses acclaimed works by Akram Khan and Lloyd Newson to explore starkly differing perspectives on cultural diversity in the UK. Khan's contribution to the London 2012 Olympics Opening Ceremony (Abide with Me) emphasised the nation's post-imperialist and cosmopolitan profile. By contrast, Newson's contemporaneous work Can We Talk about this? (2011/12) was highly critical of current models of multiculturalism and in particular attitudes towards Islam. This paper compares the two choreographies using a theoretical framework that draws on both political thought and dance analysis, to evaluate their contributions to debates around culture, tolerance and diasporic identities and illustrate the broader entanglement between British dance and contemporary politics.
Influence of financial and reputational incentives on primary care performance: a longitudinal study
Authors: Allen Thomas , Whittaker William , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Sutton Matt
Published: November 2018

Background

The Quality and Outcomes Framework has generated reputational as well as financial rewards for general practices because the number of quality points a practice receives is publicly reported. These rewards vary across diseases and practices, and over time.

Aim

To determine the relative effects on performance of the financial and reputational rewards resulting from a pay-for-performance programme.

Design and setting

Observational study of the published performance on 42 indicators of 8929 practices in England between 2004 and 2013.

Method

The authors calculated the revenue offered (financial reward, measured in £100s) and the points offered (reputational reward) per additional patient treated for each indicator for each practice in each year. Fixed-effects multivariable regression models were used to estimate whether the percentage of eligible patients treated responded to changes in these financial and reputational rewards.

Results

Both the offered financial rewards and reputational rewards had small but statistically significant associations with practice performance. The effect of the financial reward on performance decreased from 0.797 percentage points per £100 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.614 to 0.979) in 2004, to 0.092 (95% CI = 0.045 to 0.138) in 2013. The effect of the reputational reward increased from −0.121 percentage points per quality point (95% CI = −0.220 to −0.022) in 2004, to 0.209 (95% CI = 0.147 to 0.271) in 2013.

Conclusion

In the short term, general practices were more sensitive to revenue than reputational rewards. In the long term, general practices appeared to divert their focus towards the reputational reward, once benchmarks of performance became established.
Incidence of indications for tonsillectomy and frequency of evidence-based surgery: a 12-year retrospective cohort study of primary care electronic records
Authors: Šumilo Dana , Nichols Linda , Ryan Ronan , Marshall Tom
Published: November 2018

Background

Neither the incidence of indications for childhood tonsillectomy nor the proportion of tonsillectomies that are evidence-based is known.

Aim

To determine the incidence of indications for tonsillectomy in UK children, and the proportion of tonsillectomies meeting evidence-based criteria.

Design and setting

A retrospective cohort study of electronic medical records of children aged 0–15 years registered with 739 UK general practices contributing to a research database.

Method

Children with recorded indications for tonsillectomy were identified from electronic medical records. Evidence-based indications included documented sore throats of sufficient frequency and severity (Paradise criteria); periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis syndrome (PFAPA); or tonsillar tumour. Other indications were considered non-evidence-based. The numbers of children subsequently undergoing tonsillectomy was then identified. The numbers with evidence-based and non-evidence-based indications for surgery among children who had undergone tonsillectomy were determined.

Results

The authors included 1 630 807 children followed up for 7 200 159 person–years between 2005 and 2016. Incidence of evidence-based indications for tonsillectomy was 4.2 per 1000 person years; 13.6% (2144/15 760) underwent tonsillectomy. Incidence of childhood tonsillectomy was 2.5 per 1000 person years; 11.7% (2144/18 281) had evidence-based indications, almost all with Paradise criteria. The proportion of evidence-based tonsillectomies was unchanged over 12 years. Most childhood tonsillectomies followed non-evidence-based indications: five to six sore throats (12.4%) in 1 year, two to four sore throats (44.6%) in 1 year, sleep disordered breathing (12.3%), or obstructive sleep apnoea (3.9%).

Conclusion

In the UK, few children with evidence-based indications undergo tonsillectomy and seven in eight of those who do (32 500 of 37 000 annually) are unlikely to benefit.
La transition polymorphique β-γ de l'orthosilicate de calcium
Authors: Yannaquis N. , Guinier André
Published: November 2018

L'effet inhibiteur sur la transformation p-y, des impuretés retenues en solution solide dans le silicate bicalcique ne permet pas d'expliquer le passage de la forme stable à la forme métastable par chauffage prolongé ni le fait que la transforma¬ tion inverse peut être provoquée sans modification du taux d'impuretés. On met en évidence l'effet prépondérant de la taille linéaire moyenne des cristaux de la forme métastable lorsque ceux-ci répondent à une stoechiométrie rigoureuse et sont suffisamment purs. L'effet inhibiteur des oxydes Na₂O, KaO ou CaO, indépendant de la taille des grains, devient sensible au-dessus d'une concentration seuil, variable avec la nature de l'oxyde ; pour Na₂O qui est le plus actif il est de l'ordre de 1 mol. pour 200 mol. de silicate.
Sur la présence de minerais métalliques nickélifères dans les serpentines
Authors: Picot Paul
Published: November 2018

Cette étude a porté sur trois gîtes différents : un gîte néo-calédonien, un gîte corse et un gîte philippin. Elle a permis de mettre en évidence des types de minéralisation assez peu connus et qui n'ont été décrits qu'en Tasmanie et dans l'Orégon.
Préhistoire et karst littoral : la grotte Cosquer et les Calanques marseillaises (Bouches-du-Rhône, France)
Authors: Collina-Girard Jacques
Published: November 2018

Prehistory and coastal Karst : The Cosquer Cave and the "Massif des Calanques" (Marseille, France ). The Cosquer Cave is a French palaeolithic painted and engraved cave (27 000 / 18 500 BP) which is located under the sea, in the urgonian limestones of Cap Morgiou (" Massif des Calanques", Marseille). The entrance was submerged at the end of the last glacial stage and is presently 37 m under sea level. A synthesis about the Cosquer cave environmental studies is presented here. Structural studies show that cave planimetry is determined by Cap Morgiou fracturations (mainly NW/SE and N/S vertical faults). Through archaeological studies, a concretion breaking period can be dated between 27 000 and 18 000 BP. Geomorphological study of the continental shelf at the foot of the Cosquer cave area shows fossils shorelines at -36 m, -50/55 m, -90 m, -100 m depth. Radiocarbon datings from shells collected in -100m sediments yielded a date of 13 250 ± 200 BP. Direct scubadiving observations and submarine clive profiles sketching show several eustatic stands still levels between -36 m and the sea surface indicating a probable tectonic stability during the last 10 000 years.
Grottes hydrothermales dans le Nord-Ouest de la Namibie. Spéléogenèse et implication dans le développement des karsts en climat aride
Authors: Martini J.E.J. , Marais J.C.E.
Published: November 2018

Hydrothermal caves in North-West Namibia. The authors investigated ten caves in Western Namibia, which is characterised by a semi-to hyper-arid climate. They seem to have formed in the past under hydrothermal conditions, which are evidenced by circular embayments, ceiling alveoles, avens, deposits of dog-tooth calcite and barite. The latter has been observed in one cave only. Fluid inclusions in calcite and barite indicate very low salinity and temperatures generally below + 70° C. It is proposed that the caves formed by mixing of hydrothermal solutions of deep origin with more surficial ground water in the vicinity of karst springs. Such ground water circulation patterns, close to the water-table, are suggested in several cases by the horizontal extension in caves, forming definite levels of passage networks cutting across the country rock stratigraphy. The alveolar avens developed upwards from these horizontal passages and seem to have formed subaerally by water evaporation from warm pools at the bottom, with condensation and corrosion above, against cooler rock. The suggested genetic processes are in agreement with models proposed by other authors. It is suggested that in arid climates, conditions are more favorable for development of this type of deep karst water circulation than under wetter conditions. It could possibly even be the predominant process of speleogenesis in very arid conditions. By extension, this concept — mixing of water of deep origin, not necessarily significantly hydrothermal, with surficial ground water — could explain the peculiar nature of most of the Namibian caves. The latter are typically characterised by the development of very large chambers and phreatic networks, but with restricted extension and not forming well integrated systems.
A TESS Dress Rehearsal: Planetary Candidates and Variables from K2 Campaign 17
Authors: Crossfield Ian J. M. , Guerrero Natalia , David Trevor , Quinn Samuel N. , Feinstein Adina D. , Huang Chelsea , Yu Liang , Collins Karen A. , Fulton Benjamin J. , Benneke Björn , Peterson Merrin , Bieryla Allyson , Schlieder Joshua E. , Kosiarek Molly R. , Bristow Makennah , Newton Elisabeth , Bedell Megan , Latham David W. , Christiansen Jessie L. , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Berlind Perry , Calkins Michael L. , Shporer Avi , Burt Jennifer , Ballard Sarah , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Mehrle Nicholas , Dressing Courtney D. , Livingston John H. , Petigura Erik A. , Seager Sara , Dittmann Jason , Berardo David , Sha Lizhou , Essack Zahra , Zhan Zhuchang , Owens Martin , Kain Isabel , Isaacson Howard , Ciardi David R. , Gonzales Erica J. , Howard Andrew W. , Cardoso José Vinícius de Miranda
Published: November 2018

We produce light curves for all ∼34,000 targets observed with K2 in Campaign 17 (C17), identifying

planet candidates,

eclipsing binaries, and

other periodic variables. The forward-facing direction of the C17 field means follow-up can begin immediately now that the campaign has concluded and interesting targets have been identified. The C17 field has a large overlap with C6, so this latest campaign also offers an infrequent opportunity to study a large number of targets already observed in a previous K2 campaign. The timing of the C17 data release, shortly before science operations begin with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), also lets us exercise some of the tools and methods developed for identification and dissemination of planet candidates from TESS. We find excellent agreement between these results and those identified using only K2-based tools. Among our planet candidates are several planet candidates with sizes <4 R
⊕ and orbiting stars with Kp ≲ 10 (indicating good RV targets of the sort TESS hopes to find) and a Jupiter-sized single-transit event around a star already hosting a 6 day planet candidate.
A new disjunct species of Eriolaena (Malvaceae, Dombeyoideae) from Continental Africa
Authors: Dorr Laurence J. , Wurdack Kenneth J.
Published: November 2018

EriolaenarulkensiiDorr,sp. nov. is described and illustrated. This attractive shrub is endemic to coastal Mozambique. The new species has apically winged seeds, which place it in a group of Malvaceae (Dombeyoideae) that is found in Asia and Madagascar and which had not previously been found in continental Africa.
Épicurisme et augustinisme. Une « application » baylienne
Authors: Argaud Élodie
Published: November 2018

On trouve sous la plume de Bayle des rapprochements étonnants qu’il théorise lui-même comme un art de faire de « belles applications » ; nous nous interrogeons sur l’affinité qu’il décèle entre épicurisme et augustinisme et proposons de réévaluer sous cet angle la portée de la thèse baylienne de l’athée vertueux par rapport à la thèse de la vertu des païens défendue par La Mothe Le Vayer
Bayle et Hume devant l’athéisme
Authors: Mori Gianluca
Published: November 2018

Les stratégies de Bayle et de Hume devant la question de l’athéisme sont bien plus proches qu'on ne le croit généralement. Cet accord découle de l’influence constante que Bayle exerça sur Hume. Pour Bayle et pour Hume, l’athéisme et le scepticisme sont très étroitement liés – celui-là n’est qu’une forme du celui-ci. La force des Dialogues sur la religion naturelle de Hume ressort précisément de cette alliance entre athéisme et scepticisme qui, puisant la plupart de ses arguments chez Bayle, aboutit à une critique de la théologie fondée sur une analyse sans concession des fondements épistémologiques de la croyance, tout en se gardant, comme le Straton de Bayle, de réduire l’athéisme à un dogmatisme métaphysique abstrait.
Être réfugié et « volontaire » : les travailleurs invisibles des dispositifs d’aide internationale
Authors: Drif Leila
Published: November 2018

L’aide internationale ne se caractérise pas seulement par une dépendance à l’égard de ses ressources. Dans l’organisation même de son entreprise de redistribution, elle génère des formes de « mise au travail » de certains de ses bénéficiaires basées sur du volontariat rémunéré. Au Liban, dans un contexte d’accès contraint au marché du travail, le phénomène s’est popularisé auprès des réfugiés syriens comme des acteurs de l’aide, qu’il s’agisse du Haut-Commissariat aux réfugiés de l’ONU ou de ses partenaires locaux. À Beyrouth ou à Tripoli, le caractère urbain et disséminé de la présence de ces déplacés syriens a en effet rendu centrale la question de l’accès aux bénéficiaires, et ce d’autant plus dans certaines marges où l’accès aux espaces est lui-même contraint pour les agents humanitaires. Nouveau maillon du dispositif de délégation de l’aide, des réfugiés syriens, bénéficiaires de ces organisations, se voient donc confier des tâches incombant à l’organisation du travail interne des ONG. J’interroge cet aspect du travail informel des réfugiés syriens à partir du profil de ses acteurs et de leurs parcours, entre économie de survie et/ou professionnalisation à la marge .
Les marins de commerce, des professionnels des flux internationaux très ancrés dans le national
Authors: Flécher Claire
Published: November 2018

Résumé À première vue, le secteur du transport maritime est une industrie globale par excellence, de même que les marins employés à bord des navires de commerce sont un idéal-type de travailleurs de l’international. Cependant, au-delà du fait de travailler dans des collectifs multinationaux, de naviguer sur toutes les mers du monde, pour des donneurs d’ordre globaux et en fonction de réglementations internationales, ces marins occupent des emplois et suivent des parcours qui sont encore très attachés au cadre national. En témoigne le fonctionnement de ce marché du travail maritime, certes international mais extrêmement segmenté, où les conditions d’emploi varient fortement selon la nationalité des marins. Dans les collectifs de travail, cette situation génère une ethnicisation des relations sociales et des rapports au travail différenciés. Elle se traduit par des aménagements dans la division des activités et par une redéfinition du partage des espaces du navire selon des logiques où s’articulent les critères statutaires et ethno-raciaux.
Une nouvelle élite dans les métiers de l’international : les expatriés africains d’Épicentre et leurs rapports professionnels avec les employés locaux
Authors: Souley Issoufou Mamane Sani
Published: November 2018

Résumé Cette étude porte sur l’émergence d’une nouvelle élite cosmopolite de l’international, en l’occurrence les expatriés africains recrutés par le centre de recherche épidémiologique Épicentre, créé par l’organisation humanitaire Médecins Sans Frontières. À partir d’une recherche ethnographique multisituée, principalement conduite au Niger mais aussi à Paris et à Genève, je rends compte des trajectoires de ces expatriés et des relations socioprofessionnelles complexes qu’ils entretiennent avec les cadres locaux. L’engagement d’expatriés africains est dû à une dégradation du contexte sécuritaire dans la région qui a entraîné le départ des « Blancs » et donc leur retrait physique des activités des ONG internationales présentes au Niger. Or, si elle est présentée par les acteurs d’Épicentre comme l’occasion de promouvoir un nouveau type d’employés, cette expérience s’inscrit dans un processus global qui contribue à la continuité des rapports de domination du Nord sur le Sud en disqualifiant les employés locaux au profit des expatriés.
Aux États-Unis : l’irrésistible sortie des Églises
Authors: Henneton Lauric
Published: November 2018

Les Etats-Unis assistent à l’inévitable essor des sans-religion, catégorie si hétérogène qu’il est difficile de la mobiliser politiquement.
Soumission , ou l’épuisement de tout
Authors: Léger Nicolas
Published: November 2018

Le roman de Michel Houellebecq est moins celui de l’islam politique que celui de la fin du christianisme européen à l’ère du capitalisme mondialisé. Le religieux y est dépeint sans âme, servant de ciment social à un édifice proche de l’effondrement.
Défis du vieillissement et enjeux de santé publique
Authors: Monod Stéfanie
Published: November 2018

Les systèmes sanitaires vont être appelés à vivre dans un contexte très mouvant ces prochaines décennies. L’avenir de la santé sera marqué principalement par une croissance de la prévalence des maladies chroniques et un vieillissement de la population. Les changements épidémiologiques seront majeurs. Même en tenant compte d’une compression de la morbidité, et d’une croissance de l’espérance de vie en santé, les besoins en soins et en accompagnement vont exploser. Si l’utilisation du système de santé reste identique et que les pratiques des professionnels restent inchangées, nous pourrons nous attendre à de lourdes conséquences sur les besoins en infrastructures hospitalières, en hébergement de longue durée ainsi que sur les besoins de ressources à consacrer à l’aide et aux soins à domicile, ceci dans un contexte d’augmentation constante et marquée des coûts de la santé. En termes de planification et de régulation des systèmes, nos outils et notre manière de penser l’épidémiologie datent du siècle passé et seront probablement démodés d’ici peu… Il ne s’agit donc plus seulement de construire de nouveaux référentiels, de nouvelles réglementations ou de réformer des mécanismes d’allocation de ressources ; il faut une mobilisation de la société qui devra se questionner à nouveau sur la santé, sur l’accès aux soins, sur l’équité, sur la vie, sur la mort.