bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erythropoietin modulates bone marrow stromal cell differentiation
Authors: Suresh Sukanya , de Castro Luis Fernandez , Dey Soumyadeep , Robey Pamela G. , Noguchi Constance Tom
Published: July 2019

Erythropoietin is essential for bone marrow erythropoiesis and erythropoietin receptor on non-erythroid cells including bone marrow stromal cells suggests systemic effects of erythropoietin. Tg6 mice with chronic erythropoietin overexpression have a high hematocrit, reduced trabecular and cortical bone and bone marrow adipocytes, and decreased bone morphogenic protein 2 driven ectopic bone and adipocyte formation. Erythropoietin treatment (1 200 IU·kg–1) for 10 days similarly exhibit increased hematocrit, reduced bone and bone marrow adipocytes without increased osteoclasts, and reduced bone morphogenic protein signaling in the bone marrow. Interestingly, endogenous erythropoietin is required for normal differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells to osteoblasts and bone marrow adipocytes. ΔEpoRE mice with erythroid restricted erythropoietin receptor exhibit reduced trabecular bone, increased bone marrow adipocytes, and decreased bone morphogenic protein 2 ectopic bone formation. Erythropoietin treated ΔEpoRE mice achieved hematocrit similar to wild-type mice without reduced bone, suggesting that bone reduction with erythropoietin treatment is associated with non-erythropoietic erythropoietin response. Bone marrow stromal cells from wild-type, Tg6, and ΔEpoRE-mice were transplanted into immunodeficient mice to assess development into a bone/marrow organ. Like endogenous bone formation, Tg6 bone marrow cells exhibited reduced differentiation to bone and adipocytes indicating that high erythropoietin inhibits osteogenesis and adipogenesis, while ΔEpoRE bone marrow cells formed ectopic bones with reduced trabecular regions and increased adipocytes, indicating that loss of erythropoietin signaling favors adipogenesis at the expense of osteogenesis. In summary, endogenous erythropoietin signaling regulates bone marrow stromal cell fate and aberrant erythropoietin levels result in their impaired differentiation.
Clinicopathological and epidemiological significance of breast cancer subtype reclassification based on p53 immunohistochemical expression
Authors: Abubakar Mustapha , Guo Changyuan , Koka Hela , Sung Hyuna , Shao Nan , Guida Jennifer , Deng Joseph , Li Mengjie , Hu Nan , Zhou Bin , Lu Ning , Yang Xiaohong R.
Published: July 2019

TP53 mutations are common in breast cancer and are typically associated with more aggressive tumor characteristics, but little is known about the clinicopathological and epidemiological relevance of p53 protein expression, a TP53 mutation surrogate, in breast cancer subtypes. In this study of 7226 Chinese women with invasive breast cancer, we defined breast cancer subtypes using immunohistochemical (IHC) measures of hormone receptors and HER2 in conjunction with histologic grade. p53 expression status was then used to further stratify subtypes into p53-positive and p53-negative. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in case-only logistic regression analyses were used to examine heterogeneity across different subtypes. The frequency of p53 protein expression varied by breast cancer subtype, being lowest in the luminal A-like and highest in the triple-negative and HER2-enriched subtypes (P-value < 0.01). In luminal A-like and B-like/HER2-negative subtypes, p53 positivity was associated with early-onset tumors, high grade, high proliferative index, and basal marker (CK5/6 and EGFR) expression. Further, compared with luminal A-like/p53-negative patients, A-like/p53-positive patients were more likely to be parous [adjusted OR parous vs. nulliparous = 2.67 (1.60, 4.51); P-value < 0.01] and to have breastfed [adjusted OR ever vs. never = 1.38 (1.03, 1.85); P-value = 0.03]. p53 positivity was not associated with examined clinical and risk factors in other tumor subtypes. Overall, these findings suggest that p53 expression, which is readily available in many settings, can be used to identify phenotypes of luminal A-like breast cancer with distinct clinical and epidemiological implications.
Serum sLYVE-1 is not associated with coronary disease but with renal dysfunction: a retrospective study
Authors: Dai Daopeng , Huang Chunkai , Ni Jinwei , Zhu Zhenbin , Han Hui , Zhu Jinzhou , Zhang Ruiyan
Published: July 2019

Recent evidence has indicated that the lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor (LYVE-1) is implicated in chronic inflammation and the lymphatic immune response. The soluble form of LYVE-1 (sLYVE-1) is produced by ectodomain shedding of LYVE-1 under pathological conditions including cancer and chronic inflammation. In this study, 1014 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography from May 2015 to September 2015 were included to investigate whether serum sLYVE-1 is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its concomitant diseases includes chronic kidney disease (CKD). Results showed that there was no significant difference in sLYVE-1 levels between patients with CAD and without. However, a significantly higher level of sLYVE-1 was seen in patients with renal dysfunction compared to those with a normal eGFR. Results were validated in a separate cohort of 259 patients who were divided into four groups based on their kidney function assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Simple bivariate correlation analysis revealed that Lg[sLYVE-1] was negatively correlated with eGFR (r = −0.358,p < 0.001) and cystatin C (r = 0.303,p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the increase in Lg[sLYVE-1] was an independent determinant of renal dysfunction (odds ratio = 1.633,p = 0.007). Therefore, renal function should be considered when serum sLYVE-1 is used as a biomarker for the detection of pathological conditions such as chronic inflammation and cancer. Further study is required to elucidate the exact role of sLYVE-1 in renal function.
Carbon nanohorn modified platinum electrodes for improved immobilisation of enzyme in the design of glutamate biosensors
Authors: Ford Rochelle , Devereux Stephen. J. , Quinn Susan. J. , O'Neill Robert. D.
Published: July 2019

This work reports the use of biocompatible carbon nanohorns, with a high surface area, to enhance the immobilization of glutamate oxidase for improved biosensor performance.
Triphenylamine Schiff base as a lipid droplet-targeted fluorescent probe using Si–O–Si as a bridge for the detection of Cr6+ applied in bio-imaging
Authors: Wang Xiaoni , Zuo Yujing , Zhang Yu , Yang Tingxin , Lin Weiying
Published: July 2019

A novel fluorescent probe (Si-LDS) was designed and synthesized based on triphenylamine and exhibits desirably sensitive and selective fluorescence response towards Cr6+ in living cells.
A single 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium ion as a solvatochromic sensor array for multicolor visual discrimination of solvents
Authors: Du Jiayan , Deng Yuequan , He Yi
Published: July 2019

We report a single 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium ion (Acr+-Mes) as a solvatochromic sensor array for multicolor visual discrimination of solvents.
Tracing the molecular dynamics of living mitochondria under phototherapy via surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy
Authors: Yue Jing , Shen Yanting , Liang Lijia , Guan Xin , Zhang Xue , Xu Shuping , Liang Chongyang , Shi Wei , Xu Weiqing
Published: July 2019

The dynamics of the cell mitochondrion were determined, and the mechanism of action of phototherapy on cancer cells was disclosed by SERS.
The key to controlling the morphologies of quantum nanocrystals: spherical carborane ligands
Authors: Saini Abhishek , Saha Arpita , Viñas Clara , Teixidor Francesc
Published: July 2019

Carboranyl ligands with different functional moieties have been used to obtain different morphologies in the quantum regime using a colloidal route.
DNA directed damage using a brominated DAPI derivative
Authors: Digby Elyse M. , Rana Rahul , Nitz Mark , Beharry Andrew A.
Published: July 2019

Conversion of a DNA-binding fluorophore (DAPI) to a photosensitizer via bromination retains high fluorescence and high affinity DNA binding but now produces light-induced reactive oxygen species directed towards DNA resulting in rapid cancer cell death.
Tracking lysosomal polarity variation in inflamed, obese, and cancer mice guided by a fluorescence sensing strategy
Authors: Yin Junling , Peng Min , Lin Weiying
Published: July 2019

The probeMND-Lysfirstly achieved sensing the intrinsic polarity variance in embryos and adult zebrafish. Besides discriminating tumors from normal ones,MND-Lysalso enabled firstly tracing polarity changes in inflammatory and obese mice.
A ratiometric fluorescent DNA nanoprobe for cerebral adenosine triphosphate assay
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Wu Peicong , Yin Yaoyao , Tian Yang
Published: July 2019

A silver nanocluster-based ratiometric fluorescent nanosensor was developed for the determination of ATP in the cerebrospinal fluid of a mouse brain.
A colorimetric and fluorescent lighting-up sensor based on ICT coupled with PET for rapid, specific and sensitive detection of nitrite in food
Authors: Wu Juanjuan , Jiang Lirong , Verwilst Peter , An Jusung , Zeng Hongyan , Zeng Lintao , Niu Guangle , Kim Jong Seung
Published: July 2019

A colorimetric and fluorogenic sensor exhibiting rapid, specific and sensitive detection of potentially toxic nitrite in food is described.
Investigation of the electrostatic potential of a grain boundary in Y-substituted BaZrO3 using inline electron holography
Authors: Bondevik Tarjei , Ness Heine H. , Bazioti Calliope , Norby Truls , Løvvik Ole Martin , Koch Christoph T. , Prytz Øystein
Published: July 2019

The electrostatic potential experimentally measured across an individual BaZrO3 grain boundary.
The Criegee intermediate-formic acid reaction explored by rotational spectroscopy
Authors: Cabezas Carlos , Endo Yasuki
Published: July 2019

Products resulting from the reaction between the Criegee intermediate, CH2OO, and formic acid are characterized by rotational spectroscopy.
Exploration of tetra-branched multiple-site SO2 capture materials
Authors: Li Chenchen , Lu Dongmei , Wu Chao
Published: July 2019

Efficient exploration of the configuration space of the reaction complexes consisting of multi-branched structures and SO2 molecules.
Characterization of the simplest hydroperoxide ester, hydroperoxymethyl formate, a precursor of atmospheric aerosols
Authors: Porterfield Jessica P. , Lee Kin Long Kelvin , Dell'Isola Valentina , Carroll P. Brandon , McCarthy Michael C.
Published: July 2019

Atmospheric aerosols are large clusters of molecules and particulate matter that profoundly affect the Earth's radiation budget and climate.
Surface crystallization of ionic liquid crystals
Authors: Martins Mónia A. R. , Carvalho Pedro J. , Alves Douglas , Dariva Claudio , Costa Mariana C. , Ferreira Rute A. S. , André Paulo S. , Morgado Pedro , Pinho Simão P. , Filipe Eduardo J. M. , Coutinho João A. P.
Published: July 2019

The [C12mim][BF4] surface was characterized showing an ordered layer and solid-like behavior, supporting the hypothesis of a surface freezing phenomenon.
Spatial variation of loose deposit characteristics in a 40 km long operational drinking water distribution system
Authors: Ma Xu , Li Guiwei , Yu Ying , Chen Ruya , Zhang Yao , Tao Hui , Zhang Guangming , Shi Baoyou
Published: July 2019

Discoloration problems have occurred in drinking water distribution systems continuously for several years in a rural area of eastern China.
Performance of sp-ICP-TOFMS with signal distributions fitted to a compound Poisson model
Authors: Hendriks Lyndsey , Gundlach-Graham Alexander , Günther Detlef
Published: July 2019

Characterization of dissolved background signals as compound Poisson distributed enables more accurate and robust nanoparticle detection thresholds in single-particle ICP-TOFMS.
Transition metal chalcogenide based MnSe heterostructured with NiCo2O4 as a new high performance electrode material for capacitive energy storage
Authors: Raman Vivekanandan , Chinnadurai Deviprasath , Rajmohan Rajendiran , Chebrolu Venkata Thulasivarma , Rajangam Vinodh , Kim Hee-Je
Published: July 2019

The quest for the development of promising electrode materials for energy storage persists.
Novel yellow thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for highly efficient full-TADF WOLEDs with low driving voltages and remarkable color stability
Authors: Huang Tingting , Liu Di , Li Deli , Jiang Wenfeng , Jiang Jingyang
Published: July 2019

Novel yellow thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters were developed for full-TADF white organic light-emitting diodes with a stable CRI of 72 and efficiencies of 48.22 cd A−1 and 20.16%.
Trace molybdenum doped Li2RuO3 as a cathode material with enhanced performance for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Wang Jiali , Zhao Yu , Zhang Xiaoqiang , Wu Hailong , Hu Shouliang , Wei Kaiyuan , Cui Yixiu , Su Wei , Cui Yanhua
Published: July 2019

By doping Mo into the Li2RuO3 framework, 0.98Li2RuO3–0.02Li2MoO3 is formed and displays enhanced electrochemical lithium storage reversibility in secondary batteries.
An organic ligand promoting the electrocatalytic activity of cobalt oxide for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Chen Chien-Hong , Chiou Tzung-Wen , Chang Han-Chun , Li Wei-Liang , Tung Chi-Yen , Liaw Wen-Feng
Published: July 2019

In electrocatalytic water splitting, active, stable and low-cost hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts play key roles in the conversion and storage of renewable energy sources.
Facile synthesis of ultrathin Pt–Pd nanosheets for enhanced formic acid oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Yang Qian , Shi Lijie , Yu Beibei , Xu Jun , Wei Cong , Wang Yawen , Chen Hongyu
Published: July 2019

A facile solvothermal method was developed to synthesize ultrathin wrinkled Pt–Pd alloy nanosheets with enhanced catalytic properties towards the formic acid oxidation reaction and oxygen reduction reaction.
NiFe (sulfur)oxyhydroxide porous nanoclusters/Ni foam composite electrode drives a large-current-density oxygen evolution reaction with an ultra-low overpotential
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Li Yuemeng , Ding Liping , Chen Zhe , Ong Aaron , Lu Wanheng , Herng Tun Seng , Li Xinwei , Ding Jun
Published: July 2019

A NiFe (sulfur)oxyhydroxide porous nanoclusters/Ni foam composite electrode was fabricated and can drive a large-current-density oxygen evolution reaction with an ultra-low overpotential.
Salt-enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production from water with carbon nitride nanorod photocatalysts: cation and pH dependence
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Bartlett Stuart A. , Hook James M. , Sergeyev Ivan , Clatworthy Edwin B. , Masters Anthony F. , Maschmeyer Thomas
Published: July 2019

Carbon nitride polymeric semiconductors with nanorod morphology are explored as photocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution from water.
Mn-doped atomic SnO2 layers for highly efficient CO2 electrochemical reduction
Authors: Wei Yajuan , Liu Jia , Cheng Fangyi , Chen Jun
Published: July 2019

Ultrathin TMO has been synthesized via a facile in situ gas induced growth strategy and the structure–efficiency relationship has been deeply discussed.
Molecular dynamics simulation of α-unsubstituted oligo-thiophenes: dependence of their high-temperature liquid-crystalline phase behaviour on molecular length
Authors: Tsourtou Flora D. , Peroukidis Stavros D. , Mavrantzas Vlasis G.
Published: July 2019

Phase diagram of α-nT oligomers with n = 5–8 from the MD simulations.
Ring‐modulator‐based RoF system with local SSB modulation and remote carrier reuse
Authors: Tang Zhenzhou , Zhang Jing , Pan Shilong , Roelkens Gunther , Van Thourhout Dries
Published: July 2019

A full‐duplex radio‐over‐fibre (RoF) system based on an integrated silicon ring modulator is proposed and demonstrated. For the downstream link, a coherent dual‐wavelength laser source is coupled to a silicon ring modulator in the central office (CO). Since only one of the optical carriers in the dual‐wavelength laser source is aligned to the resonance of the ring modulator, a single sideband (SSB) modulated optical downstream signal is obtained, which is able to combat the power fading introduced by the fibre dispersion. Besides, for the upstream link, the unmodulated optical carrier in the SSB‐modulated optical downstream signal is reused by using an optical filter in the remote radio head. After being modulated by the upstream data, the optical upstream signal is transmitted back to the CO. A proof‐of‐concept experiment is carried out. Error vector magnitudes of 21‐GHz downstream and 10‐GHz upstream signals are measured, which confirms that the proposed architecture is a promising low‐cost solution for future high‐speed wireless communication systems.
1H NMR tests on damaged and undamaged XLPE and SiR samples
Authors: Gkoura Lydia , Wang Taiji , Anastasiou Athanasios , Harid Noureddine , Griffiths Huw , Haddad Manu , Fardis Michalis , Karayianni Marina
Published: July 2019

Cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) and silicone rubber (SiR) samples were subjected to a high‐voltage AC stress plane–plane configuration and inclined plane test, respectively. The voltage was applied such that discharge was observed across the surface of the XLPE test sample for several hours and for visible damage to occur on SiR samples also after several hours. Selected stressed samples together with virgin samples from the same manufactured batch were tested using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Specifically, 1H NMR spin–lattice (T1) and spin–spin (T2) relaxation time measurements were employed to examine potential changes in the chemical bonding of undamaged and damaged XLPE and SiR samples. Preliminary results show that there may be a moderate increase in the T1 and T2 values of the damaged samples in comparison with the undamaged ones. This raises the possibility that NMR can be a useful additional experimental tool in characterising material degradation.
Robust integral feedback control based on interval observer for stabilising parameter‐varying systems
Authors: Faramin Mostafa , Rezaie Behrooz , Rahmani Zahra
Published: July 2019

This study develops a novel method for designing a controller based on an interval observer to stabilise a class of non‐linear parameter‐varying systems. The interval observer, that provides estimates of lower and upper bounds on main states, is described in a non‐affine piecewise form with states and inputs‐dependent switching mechanisms. Non‐affine piecewise model of interval observer is converted to an affine piecewise model by applying a state variable change. Then, by choosing an appropriate piecewise quadratic Lyapunov function, the control input is developed to stabilise the interval observer in all operating regions regarding input‐to‐state stability that leads to stabilisation of the system. The Lyapunov analysis is based on the subspace‐partitions information and preserves the continuity of Lyapunov function in the boundaries of the regions. Compared with the existing interval observer‐based control methods, the proposed method considers less conservative assumptions and can be applied to a much broader class of parameter‐varying systems. The simulation results for several examples indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
High‐speed optical synthetic aperture radar target recognition system
Authors: Yang Baozhang , Ma Jiacheng , Gao Yesheng , Liu Lei , Liu Xingzhao
Published: July 2019

With the development of synthetic aperture radar (SAR), it is more and more important to recognise the image obtained by SAR. SAR is a useful tool for geoscience and remote sensing, and there are a large amount of SAR images and products. How to quickly identify and process this massive information in the shortest time and find the target in time is the focus of research in this field. In the traditional processing method, the digital processing is used. It is time and storage consumption due to its massive data. This study proposes optical methods for target recognisation of SAR images. In this method, it takes the advantages of high speed and high resolution in optical processing methods to solve the bottleneck encountered by traditional methods. The method is based on an optical correlator. The optical processing method has a large capacity for a single processing and has a great advantage over the simple calculation method in processing speed. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the optical processing method.
Array self‐calibration for sky‐wave over‐the‐horizon radar with gain‐phase errors
Authors: Zhang Baiqiang , Xie Junhao
Published: July 2019

This study proposes a novel algorithm for sky‐wave over‐the‐horizon (OTH) radar array self‐calibration with angle‐independent gain‐phase errors. The proposed method exploits backscattered echo from an ionised meteor trail, which can be considered as disjoint sources of opportunity for their spatial and temporal fluctuations during coherent processing interval (CPI). Moreover, this novel self‐calibration algorithm can non‐iteratively and jointly estimate the gain‐phase errors as well as the directions of arrival (DOA) of all the echoes even in large array errors. Simulations illustrate the good performance and efficiency of the method.
Miniaturisation of high‐frequency SURFACE wave radar transmitting antenna
Authors: Li Hong‐Bo , Song Yang , Yu Chang‐Jun
Published: July 2019

Antennas operating in the high‐frequency (HF) bands are generally relatively large in size, which severely limits the application of the antennas. Therefore, miniaturisation of the antenna is necessary. Here, a dual‐folded structure Yagi antenna is designed for HF surface wave radar (SWR). Genetic algorithm is employed to optimise and balance the antenna size and performance. At the same operating frequency, the optimised antenna size is much smaller than the traditional Yagi antenna size and can meet the performance requirements of HF surface wave radar transmitting antenna.
Micro‐Doppler separation of multi‐target based on ACO in midcourse
Authors: Wang Yizhe , Zhang Yongshun , Feng Cunqian , Chen Bin , Ge Qichao
Published: July 2019

To solve the problem of mutual superposition and interference of multi‐target micro‐Doppler in midcourse, a method based on modified ant colony optimisation (ACO) is proposed. On the basis of building 3D time–frequency map, pheromone on each spot in the workspace can be updated, according to the changing rule of micro‐Doppler. The pheromone leads ant to seek for required optimal micro‐Doppler path gradually; thus single micro‐Doppler curve corresponding to each scattering point can be separated. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method can overcome the coupling between micro‐Doppler of different scattering point and the influence of background noise better, and implement effective separation of multi‐target.
Coordination contract for a competitive pharmaceutical supply chain considering corporate social responsibility and pricing decisions
Authors: Johari Maryam , Hosseini-Motlagh Seyyed-Mahdi
Published: July 2019

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and pricing decisions are proposed for a competitive two-level pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) comprising two pharma-manufacturers and one pharma-retailer. In the investigated PSC, the pharma-manufacturers competitively invest in the CSR effort to produce a new medicine and sell two substitutable products to the market through the pharma-retailer, deciding on selling prices of manufacturers’ products. The PSC under consideration is modeled in three decision-making structures, i.e., decentralized, centralized, and coordinated models. In the decentralized model, the pricing and CSR decisions are individually obtained using a pharma-manufacturers–Stackelberg game structure. In the centralized model as a benchmark, the best performance of the entire PSC system is achieved. Finally, to encourage all PSC members to agree on the coordination plan, a CSR cost-sharing contract is proposed. Our results reveal that under competitive environment, the proposed CSR cost-sharing contract is able to increase market demand by significantly decreasing selling prices and increasing level of the CSR efforts.
Acute Traumatic Cervical Central Cord Syndrome—Is Early Intervention Justified?
Authors: Saha Rahul , Chatterjee Sandip
Published: July 2019

The clinical features suggestive of traumatic central cord syndrome (TCCS) were presented by Thorburn in his publication in 1887. Later in 1954, Schneider first mentioned the involvement of central cervical spinal cord after an acute cervical spine injury and described it as TCCS. This is generally caused due to an extreme hyperextension injury without vertebral damage and secondary to anteroposterior pinching or squeezing of the spinal cord. There exists a lot of controversy whether early surgical intervention is justified in these patients. It is to assess our own results that we decided to review 40 such cases treated by the senior author in the past 8 years. Twenty-four of these were managed with early surgical intervention (which we defined as within 48 hours), and 16 were treated conservatively. In all cases, the existence of fracture-dislocation, disc prolapse, as well as preoperative and postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores and exact motor and sensory deficit were recorded. The numbers are too few, but there was definite evidence that patients with disc prolapse and fracture dislocation did better with surgery than with conservative treatment. Those with grade 0 power in the upper limbs however did significantly better with surgical treatment. Those with advanced pre-existing cervical spondylotic changes did better than those without these premorbid changes. However, the numbers are too small for meaningful statistical analysis. This is a retrospective study conducted as a pilot study to plan for a future randomized study, which is very necessary in our clinical practice. Currently, we still quote the pros and cons of surgical intervention to the relatives and go by their choice.
Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy with a Negative VMA: A Case Report and Review of the Presentation, Etiology, and Management
Authors: Han Daniel , Gordon Jason , Nguyen Steven , Turner Michael D.
Published: July 2019

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare rapidly growing tumor, which although benign, it is locally aggressive and destructive to the surrounding structures. The maxilla is the most commonly involved site, and MNTI is known to be locally aggressive if left untreated. Neural crest cells differentiate into sympathetic neurons that produce catecholamines. These catecholamines degrade, leaving the residual products homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA). Because of this, patients with MNTI may have high levels of VMA in their urine and should be tested for this if MNTI is suspected. This is a presentation of a healthy 6-month-old girl with a 1-month history of swelling in the anterior maxilla. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a radiolucent lesion of the anterior maxilla, which following biopsy, was histologically diagnosed as MNTI, although the patient had normal levels of VMA. A three-dimensional model was reconstructed from the CT scan and used in planning surgical excision. A differential diagnosis of MNTI should be included in cases of infants presenting with fast growing expansile swelling in the head and neck region.
Successful Management of Adolescent Bupropion Overdose with Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Therapy
Authors: Bornstein Kasha , Montrief Tim , Anwar Parris Mehruba
Published: July 2019

Bupropion overdose in the pediatric setting poses significant potential for toxicity. We present the case of a 15-year-old female patient presenting with intentional bupropion overdose resulting in generalized tonic–clonic seizures, severe acidosis, vomiting, and tachycardia after ingestion of between 1,650 to 9,000 mg (24–133 mg/kg) of bupropion. The patient was admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) where toxicity was resolved promptly following administration of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) infusion. ILE is a first-line treatment for other forms of toxicity including unintended local anesthetic administration. ILE use is not a first-line treatment in this setting, but this case presents a positive subsequent patient outcome.
A Review of Psychosocial Factors of Marfan Syndrome: Adolescents, Adults, Families, and Providers
Authors: Nielsen Cory , Ratiu Ileana , Esfandiarei Mitra , Chen Angela , Selamet Tierney Elif Seda
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this article was to review the current literature on psychosocial implications of Marfan syndrome (MFS) and its impact on adolescents, adults, their families and to provide important considerations for providers. Since the previous reviews in 2015, numerous studies have been published that are included in the current review. This literature review was conducted using PubMed, Medline, PsychINFO, ERIC, Web of Science, and Academic Search Premier databases and only articles that studied psychosocial factors that influence MFS patients as adolescents, adults, family members, or their interactions with providers were included in this review. Of the 522 articles reviewed, 41 were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All articles were peer-reviewed. MFS has various implications that can impact one's life; studies have shown that MFS causes a negative impact on an individual's formative years, quality of life, reproductive decision-making, work participation, and satisfaction with life. Clinicians and multidisciplinary teams should be aware of these factors to provide support focusing on coping strategies for the patient and their family.
A root-mean-square-error analysis of two-peak Gaussian and Lorentzian fittings of thin-film carbon Raman spectral data
Authors: Laumer Jonathan , O’Leary Stephen K.
Published: July 2019

We perform two-Gaussian and two-Lorentzian peak fits for Raman spectral data corresponding to samples of thin-film carbon found in the scientific literature. We find that the “goodness-of-fit,” as determined through an evaluation of the root-mean-square-error, is best for the two-Gaussian peak case over most of the thin-film carbon genome, except for the graphitic carbon and ta-C:H regions. We speculate that this is related to the lower levels of disorder present within the graphitic carbon and ta-C:H regions.
Theoretical model for magnetically insulated flow with both negative and positive ions
Authors: Luo Wei , Qiang Lanpeng , Zhang Jianwei , Li Yongdong , Wang Hongguang , Liu Chunliang , Guo Fan , Zou Wenkang , Ma Tianchi
Published: July 2019

Negative and positive ions crossing the anode-cathode gap of a magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL) can cause non-negligible current loss and energy deposition on the electrodes, which may lead to the formation of anode plasma and the growth of cathode plasma. Furthermore, gap closure could occur due to the expansion of cathode plasma and anode plasma. In this paper, a model for magnetic insulation of both negative ion flow and positive ion flow is developed. The operating voltage V of the MITL is expressed as a function of the total current I0 and the boundary current Ib. The total current and the boundary current of the MITL are derived at saturated and self-limited flows, respectively. In addition, particle-in-cell simulations are implemented for the validation of the theoretical model. The thickness and density of the magnetically insulated ion layers are analyzed, and an empirical expression for space charge factor g is obtained through simulation results. This work extends the understanding of magnetically insulated ion flow in MITLs.
Role of remote interfacial phonons in the resistivity of graphene
Authors: You Y. G. , Ahn J. H. , Park B. H. , Kwon Y. , Campbell E. E. B. , Jhang S. H.
Published: July 2019

The temperature (T) dependence of electrical resistivity in graphene has been experimentally investigated between 10 and 400 K for samples prepared on various substrates: HfO2, SiO2, and h-BN. The resistivity of graphene shows a linear T-dependence at low T and becomes superlinear above a substrate-dependent transition temperature. The results are explained by remote interfacial phonon scattering by surface optical phonons at the substrates. The use of an appropriate substrate can lead to a significant improvement in the charge transport of graphene.
Low-energy ion polishing of Si in W/Si soft X-ray multilayer structures
Authors: Medvedev R. V. , Nikolaev K. V. , Zameshin A. A. , IJpes D. , Makhotkin I. A. , Yakunin S. N. , Yakshin A. E. , Bijkerk F.
Published: July 2019

The effect of ion polishing in sputter deposited W/Si multilayer mirrors with a d-spacing of 2.5 nm was studied. 0.1 to 0.5 nm of Si were etched with 100 eV Ar+ ions. This process resulted in a pronounced reduction in diffused scattering, measured at wavelengths about 0.1 nm. However, CuKa X-ray specular reflectivity and AFM showed only a marginal reduction of the roughness amplitude in the systems. Furthermore, the soft X-ray reflectivity at 0.84 and 2.4 nm did not show any changes after the ion polishing as compared to the nonpolished structures. Grazing incidence X-ray reflectivity (GIXR) analysis revealed that there was no pure W present in the deposited multilayers, with WSi2 being formed instead. As a result, it was concluded that the initial roughness in W/Si multilayers grown by magnetron sputtering is not the major factor in the reflectivity deviation from the calculated value for an ideal system. Nevertheless, the grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) analysis revealed that ion polishing reduces the vertical propagation of roughness from layer to layer by a factor of two, as well as favorably affecting the lateral correlation length and Hurst parameter. These improvements explain the reduction of diffused X-ray scattering at 0.1 nm by more than an order of magnitude, which is relevant for applications like high resolution XRD analysis.
Interaction between electrospray using ionic liquid and simultaneous corona discharge under positive and negative polarity
Authors: Guo Yuntao , Li Shipeng , Wu Zhiwen , Zhu Kangwu , Han Yuning , Wang Ningfei
Published: July 2019

One kind of ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, is used to investigate the interaction between electrospray and corona discharge under positive and negative polarity. A high-speed camera, a digital camera, and an oscilloscope are applied to observe the shape of the meniscus and the jet, photograph the discharge plume, and observe the current waveform of discharge, respectively. The electrospray and discharge modes are studied under different flow rates and voltage conditions, and the experimental results show that there is only corona discharge with no jet at a low flow rate, while the intermittent jet or droplet emission is accompanied by corona discharge at a high flow rate, and no steady cone jet mode is obtained under all experimental conditions. The inevitability of corona discharge in the electrospray process of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate is analyzed from the viewpoint of electric field. Pulse discharge at low voltage depends on the oscillation of the meniscus. The frequency of pulse discharge can be changed indirectly by changing the voltage to control the oscillation of the meniscus. The influence of corona discharge and resultant space charge is not only on the electric field strength, but also on the shape, which is the reason why the liquid surface morphology is significantly different under positive and negative polarities.
Design of compositionally graded contact layers for MOCVD grown high Al-content AlGaN transistors
Authors: Razzak Towhidur , Hwang Seongmo , Coleman Antwon , Xue Hao , Sohel Shahadat H. , Bajaj Sanyam , Zhang Yuewei , Lu Wu , Khan Asif , Rajan Siddharth
Published: July 2019

In this letter, we design and demonstrate an improved metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) grown reverse Al-composition graded contact layer, whereby the Al-composition of AlxGa1−xN in the contact layer is graded from the higher Al-composition as in the channel to lower Al-composition, to achieve a low resistance contact to MOCVD grown ultrawide bandgap Al0.70Ga0.30N channel metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Increasing the thickness of the reverse graded layer was found to improve contact layer resistance significantly, leading to a contact resistivity of 3.3 × 10−5 Ω cm2. Devices with a gate length, LG, of 0.6 μm and a source-drain spacing, LSD, of 1.5 μm displayed a maximum current density, IDS,MAX, of 635 mA/mm with an applied gate voltage, VGS, of +2 V. Breakdown measurements on transistors with a gate to drain spacing, LGD, of 770 nm had breakdown voltage greater than 220 V, corresponding to a minimum breakdown field of 2.86 MV/cm—almost 3× higher than that exhibited by lateral GaN channel devices with similar dimensions. This work provides a framework for the design of low resistance contacts to MOCVD grown high Al-content AlxGa1−xN channel transistors.
On the origin and structure of a stationary circular hydraulic jump
Authors: Fernandez-Feria R. , Sanmiguel-Rojas E. , Benilov E. S.
Published: July 2019

To elucidate the role played by surface tension on the formation and on the structure of a circular hydraulic jump, the results from three different approaches are compared: the shallow-water (SW) equations without considering surface tension effects, the depth-averaged model (DAM) of the SW equations for a flow with a parabolic velocity profile, and the numerical solutions of the full Navier-Stokes (NS) equations, both considering the effect of surface tension and neglecting it. From the SW equations, the jump can be interpreted as a transition region between two solutions of the DAM, with the jump’s location virtually coinciding with a singularity of the DAM’s solution, associated with the inner edge of a recirculation region near the bottom. The jump’s radius and the flow structure upstream of the jump obtained from the NS simulations practically coincide with the results from the SW equations for any flow rate, liquid properties, and downstream boundary conditions, being practically independent of surface tension. However, the structure of the flow downstream of the jump predicted by the SW equations is quite different from the stationary flow resulting from the NS simulations, which strongly depends on surface tension and on the downstream boundary conditions (radius of the disk). One of the main findings of the present work is that no stationary and axisymmetric circular hydraulic jump is found from the NS simulations above a critical value of the surface tension, which depends on the flow conditions, fluid properties, and downstream conditions.
Three Manganese Complexes of Anionic N4-Donor Schiff-Base Macrocycles: Monomeric MnII and MnIII, and dimeric MnIV
Authors: Wilson Rajni K. , Dhers Sébastien , Sproules Stephen , McInnes Eric J. L. , Brooker Sally
Published: July 2019

Three manganese macrocyclic complexes of two anionic N4-donor [1+1] Schiff-base macrocycles that differ in ring size (14 versus 16 membered), HLEt and HLPr (obtained from condensation of diphenylamine-2,2′-dicarboxaldehyde and either diethylenetriamine or dipropylenetriamine), are reported. Specifically, a pair of monomeric complexes MnIILEt(NCS)(H2O) and [MnIIILPr(NCS)2]·0.5H2O, plus a dimeric complex [MnIV2LEt2(O)2](ClO4)2·3DMF have been synthesised and characterised. Single crystal structure determinations on [MnIIILPr(NCS)2]·0.5H2O and [MnIV2LEt2(O)2](ClO4)2·3DMF revealed octahedral manganese centres in both cases: N6-coordinated Jahn–Teller distorted MnIII in the former and a pair of N4O2-coordinated MnIV in the latter. UV-Vis, IR, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as magnetic measurements are reported. These macrocyclic complexes feature a simple and original design, and could find future uses as models for manganese catalase or as building blocks for the assembly of larger supramolecular architectures.
Optimisation of orthophosphate and turbidity removal using an amphoteric chitosan-based flocculant–ferric chloride coagulant system
Authors: Agbovi Henry K. , Wilson Lee D.
Published: July 2019

Environmental contextThe fate and build-up of phosphate nutrients in aquatic environments is an urgent environmental problem affecting global water security. This study, guided by a statistical design method, optimises the flocculation properties of a biopolymer for removing orthophosphate from water. This improved technology has potential widespread applications for removal of orthophosphate from water and wastewater treatment systems. AbstractA coagulation-flocculation process was employed to remove turbidity (Ti) and orthophosphate (Pi) in aqueous media using a ferric chloride (FeCl3) and a grafted carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) flocculant system. The amphoteric CMC-CTA flocculant was synthesised by grafting 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CTA) onto the biopolymer backbone of CMC. Here, CMC-CTA denotes the covalent grafting of CTA onto CMC. Optimisation of the variables for Pi and Ti removal was conducted using a jar test system based on the experimental design obtained from the response surface methodology (RSM). The Box–Behnken design was used to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of four independent variables: CMC-CTA dosage, FeCl3 dosage, pH and settling time. The RSM analysis showed that the experimental data followed a quadratic polynomial model with the following optimal conditions: [CMC-CTA]=3.0mgL−1, [FeCl3]=10.0mgL−1, pH 6.8 and settling time=35min. Optimum conditions led to a Pi removal of 96.4% and turbidity removal of 96.7% based on the RSM optimisation, in good agreement with experimental results with an initial concentration of 30.0mg PiL−1. The coagulation-flocculation process is characterised by a combination of electrostatic charge neutralisation, polymer bridging and a polymer adsorption mechanism.
Autophagy genes in myeloid cells counteract IFNγ-induced TNF-mediated cell death and fatal TNF-induced shock
Authors: Orvedahl Anthony , McAllaster Michael R. , Sansone Amy , Dunlap Bria F. , Desai Chandni , Wang Ya-Ting , Balce Dale R. , Luke Cliff J. , Lee Sanghyun , Orchard Robert C. , Artyomov Maxim N. , Handley Scott A. , Doench John G. , Silverman Gary A. , Virgin Herbert W.
Published: July 2019

Significance

Sepsis is a multifactorial syndrome with increasing incidence and significant mortality. While previous work implicated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced cell death in sepsis, a role for interferon-gamma (IFNγ), which synergizes with TNF to activate macrophages, is incompletely understood. We demonstrate using genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening that genes regulating the cytosolic degradative pathway of autophagy protect against IFNγ-induced cell death. This cell death requires TNF and its receptor and depends on the downstream cell death mediators caspase-8 and RIPK1. Moreover, mice with myeloid cell autophagy gene deficiency are hypersusceptible to fatal TNF-induced shock, which also depends on IFNγ signaling and RIPK1. These findings identify autophagy genes as important regulators of IFNγ- and TNF-mediated cell death with implications for fatal systemic inflammatory responses.
Frustration and folding of a TIM barrel protein
Authors: Halloran Kevin T. , Wang Yanming , Arora Karunesh , Chakravarthy Srinivas , Irving Thomas C. , Bilsel Osman , Brooks Charles L. , Matthews C. Robert
Published: July 2019

Significance

The ways in which proteins fold to their native state remain a challenging and important question in biology. Large proteins often populate meta-stable intermediate states before reaching their native conformation, making them excellent targets for understanding the sequence-structure code. We studied folding of indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase, a (βα)
8
TIM barrel protein, using SAXS and FRET experiments and coarse-grained computer simulation to gain insights into structures of early folding intermediates. The folding mechanism first proposed by experimental studies is elaborated by a more complete mechanism involving 3 folding channels revealed by simulation. We provide connections between the off-pathway intermediate and one on-pathway rate-determining intermediate detected by experiment with corresponding meta-stable states in the major folding channel found in the simulations.
Kinome profiling of non-Hodgkin lymphoma identifies Tyro3 as a therapeutic target in primary effusion lymphoma
Authors: Wong Jason P. , Stuhlmiller Timothy J. , Giffin Louise C. , Lin Carolina , Bigi Rachele , Zhao Jichen , Zhang Weihe , Bravo Cruz Ariana G. , Park Steven I. , Earp H. Shelton , Dittmer Dirk P. , Frye Stephen V. , Wang Xiaodong , Johnson Gary L. , Damania Blossom
Published: July 2019

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) make up the majority of lymphoma diagnoses and represent a very diverse set of malignancies. We sought to identify kinases uniquely up-regulated in different NHL subtypes. Using multiplexed inhibitor bead-mass spectrometry (MIB/MS), we found Tyro3 was uniquely up-regulated and important for cell survival in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), which is a viral lymphoma infected with Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Tyro3 was also highly expressed in PEL cell lines as well as in primary PEL exudates. Based on this discovery, we developed an inhibitor against Tyro3 named UNC3810A, which hindered cell growth in PEL, but not in other NHL subtypes where Tyro3 was not highly expressed. UNC3810A also significantly inhibited tumor progression in a PEL xenograft mouse model that was not seen in a non-PEL NHL model. Taken together, our data suggest Tyro3 is a therapeutic target for PEL.
Efraín E. Rivera-Serrano: Personal training for scientists
Authors: O’Donnell Marie Anne
Published: July 2019

Rivera-Serrano investigates the host cell genes that support viral infection.
Anti-idiotypic antibodies elicit anti-HIV-1–specific B cell responses
Authors: Dosenovic Pia , Pettersson Anna-Klara , Wall Abigail , Thientosapol Eddy S. , Feng Junli , Weidle Connor , Bhullar Komal , Kara Ervin E. , Hartweger Harald , Pai Joy A. , Gray Matthew D. , Parks K. Rachael , Taylor Justin J. , Pancera Marie , Stamatatos Leonidas , Nussenzweig Michel C. , McGuire Andrew T.
Published: July 2019

Human anti-HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) protect against infection in animal models. However, bNAbs have not been elicited by vaccination in diverse wild-type animals or humans, in part because B cells expressing the precursors of these antibodies do not recognize most HIV-1 envelopes (Envs). Immunogens have been designed that activate these B cell precursors in vivo, but they also activate competing off-target responses. Here we report on a complementary approach to expand specific B cells using an anti-idiotypic antibody, iv8, that selects for naive human B cells expressing immunoglobulin light chains with 5–amino acid complementarity determining region 3s, a key feature of anti-CD4 binding site (CD4bs)–specific VRC01-class antibodies. In mice, iv8 induced target cells to expand and mature in the context of a polyclonal immune system and produced serologic responses targeting the CD4bs on Env. In summary, the results demonstrate that an anti-idiotypic antibody can specifically recognize and expand rare B cells that express VRC01-class antibodies against HIV-1.
Criteria for single photon sources with variable nonclassicality threshold
Authors: Lachman Lukáš , Filip Radim
Published: July 2019

Single photon sources are necessary for optical quantum technology. The nonclassicality of emitted single photons manifests itself in diverse experiments and applications. The applications already require different nonclassical aspects of single photons, however, a suitable hierarchy of criteria is missing. We propose variable experimental tests, based on adjustable linear optical networks and single photon detectors, giving a hierarchy of such nonclassicality criteria. The hierarchy goes beyond Hanbury–Brown–Twiss test of photon antibunching and allows us to compare faithfully quality and performance of single photon sources via their nonclassical properties.