bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Makes Inquiry Stick? The Quality of Preservice Teachers’ Understanding of Inquiry
Authors: Aulls Mark W. , Tabatabai Diana , Shore Bruce M.
Published: December 2016

This nonexperimental, exploratory, mixed-design study used questionnaires with 167 preservice secondary teachers to identify prior educational experiences associated with student-teachers’ inquiry understanding. Understanding was determined through content analysis then open coding of definitions of inquiry and descriptions of best-experienced inquiry instruction, in terms of 23 potential learner-inquiry outcomes. Only two of seven educational-context variables related to understanding: prior experience doing a thesis or research—especially to definition quality and having taken a research-methods course—especially to description quality. How definitions and descriptions of inquiry are different and similar was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Implications for methodology, theory, and practice were presented, for example, research opportunities and research-methods training during teacher education.
Are Nutritional Care Adequate for Elderly Hospitalized Patients? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Eide Helene Kjøllesdal , Šaltytė Benth Jūratė , Sortland Kjersti , Halvorsen Kristin , Almendingen Kari
Published: December 2016

This article assesses nutritional care in identifying and treating nutritional risk in elderly hospitalized patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a large Norwegian University hospital in the period 2011 to 2013. Data on nutritional risk and care for elderly patients (≥70 years) without dementia were collected at 20 wards by 173 second-year nursing students in acute-care clinical studies. A stratified sampling technique was utilized to improve the representativeness of the sample. In total, 508 patients (48.8% women) with a mean age of 79.6 years participated. The internationally and nationally recommended nutritional care was not implemented at the hospital, suggesting that nutritional care for elderly hospitalized patients was not adequate. This implies that the majority of the elderly patients nutritionally at risk are neither identified nor treated according to their needs. The article highlights the importance of having systematic nutritional care practices to make it possible for the hospital ward staff to routinely identify nutritional risk and initiate appropriate nutritional treatment measures.
Uniting Resilience Research and Practice With an Inequalities Approach
Authors: Hart Angie , Gagnon Emily , Eryigit-Madzwamuse Suna , Cameron Josh , Aranda Kay , Rathbone Anne , Heaver Becky
Published: December 2016

The concept of resilience has evolved, from an individual-level characteristic to a wider ecological notion that takes into account broader person–environment interactions, generating an increased interest in health and well-being research, practice and policy. At the same time, the research and policy-based attempts to build resilience are increasingly under attack for responsibilizing individuals and maintaining, rather than challenging, the inequitable structure of society. When adversities faced by children and young people result from embedded inequality and social disadvantage, resilience-based knowledge has the potential to influence the wider adversity context. Therefore, it is vital that conceptualizations of resilience encompass this potential for marginalized people to challenge and transform aspects of their adversity, without holding them responsible for the barriers they face. This article outlines and provides examples from an approach that we are taking in our research and practice, which we have called Boingboing resilience. We argue that it is possible to bring resilience research and practice together with a social justice approach, giving equal and simultaneous attention to individuals and to the wider system. To achieve this goal, we suggest future research should have a co-produced and inclusive research design that overcomes the dilemma of agency and responsibility, contains a socially transformative element, and has the potential to empower children, young people, and families.
A Validation Study of a Novel 3-Dimensional MRI Modeling Technique to Identify the Anatomic Insertions of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Hui Catherine , Pi Yeli , Swami Vimarsha , Mabee Myles , Jaremko Jacob L.
Published: December 2016

Background:

Anatomic single bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is the current gold standard in ACL reconstructive surgery. However, placement of femoral and tibial tunnels at the anatomic center of the ACL insertion sites can be difficult intraoperatively. We developed a “virtual arthroscopy” program that allows users to identify ACL insertions on preoperative knee magnetic resonance images (MRIs) and generates a 3-dimensional (3D) bone model that matches the arthroscopic view to help guide intraoperative tunnel placement.

Purpose:

To test the validity of the ACL insertion sites identified using our 3D modeling program and to determine the accuracy of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction guided by our “virtual arthroscopic” model.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Sixteen cadaveric knees were prescanned using routine MRI sequences. A trained, blinded observer then identified the center of the ACL insertions using our program. Eight knees were dissected, and the centers of the ACL footprints were marked with a screw. In the remaining 8 knees, arthroscopic ACL tunnels were drilled into the center of the ACL footprints based on landmarks identified using our virtual arthroscopic model. Postprocedural MRI was performed on all 16 knees. The 3D distance between pre- and postoperative 3D centers of the ACL were calculated by 2 trained, blinded observers and a musculoskeletal radiologist.

Results:

With 2 outliers removed, the postoperative femoral and tibial tunnel placements in the open specimens differed by 2.5 ± 0.9 mm and 2.9 ± 0.7 mm from preoperative centers identified on MRI. Postoperative femoral and tibial tunnel centers in the arthroscopic specimens differed by 3.2 ± 0.9 mm and 2.9 ± 0.7 mm, respectively.

Conclusion:

Our results show that MRI-based 3D localization of the ACL and our virtual arthroscopic modeling program is feasible and does not show a statistically significant difference to an open arthrotomy approach. However, additional refinements will be required to improve the accuracy and consistency of our model to make this an effective tool for surgeons performing anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstructions.

Clinical Relevance:

Arthroscopic anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction is the current gold standard for ACL reconstruction; however, the center of the ACL footprint can be difficult to identify arthroscopically. Our novel modeling can improve the identification of this important landmark intraoperatively and decrease the risk of graft malposition and subsequent graft failure.
Evidence for a Right-Ear Advantage in Newborn Hearing Screening Results
Authors: Ari-Even Roth Daphne , Hildesheimer Minka , Roziner Ilan , Henkin Yael
Published: December 2016

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ear asymmetry, order of testing, and gender on transient-evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) pass rates and response levels in newborn hearing screening. The screening results of 879 newborns, of whom 387 (study group) passed screening successfully in only one ear in the first TEOAE screening, but passed screening successfully in both ears thereafter, and 492 (control group) who passed screening successfully in both ears in the first TEOAE, were retrospectively examined for pass rates and TEOAE characteristics. Results indicated a right-ear advantage, as manifested by significantly higher pass rates in the right ear (61% and 39% for right and left ears, respectively) in the study group, and in 1.75 dB greater TEOAE response amplitudes in the control group. The right-ear advantage was enhanced when the first tested ear was the right ear (76%). When the left ear was tested first, pass rates were comparable in both ears. The right-ear advantage in pass rates was similar in females versus males, but manifested in 1.5 dB higher response amplitudes in females compared with males, regardless of the tested ear and order of testing in both study and control groups. The study provides further evidence for the functional lateralization of the auditory system at the cochlear level already apparent soon after birth in both males and females. While order of testing plays a significant role in the asymmetry in pass rates, the innate right-ear advantage seems to be a more dominant contributor.
Longitudinal Changes in Proportions of Dental Services Provided by Australian Dentists, 1983 to 2010
Authors: Ju X. , Teusner D.N. , Spencer A.J. , Brennan D.S.
Published: December 2016

The objective of the study was to estimate the longitudinal change over a 26-y period in the proportion of dental services provided in 10 main service provision areas by Australian dentists. A random sample of Australian dentists was surveyed approximately every 5 y, commencing 1983 to 1984. The mean proportion of dental services provided was calculated from practitioner activity logs. Mixed effects regression models estimated the longitudinal change in the proportion of services provided, by dentists’ age and birth-year cohort. Response rates across data collection waves ranged from 67% to 76%. Between 1983 to 1984 and 2009 to 2010, the mean proportion of diagnostic, preventive, and crown/bridge services provided tended to increase, and the mean proportion of restorative, oral surgery, and prosthodontic services tended to decrease. Mean proportions of endodontic and orthodontic services fluctuated. Relative to the youngest cohort (born after 1984), across cohorts of older to younger dentists, the proportions of diagnostic and preventive services increased, and restorative and prosthodontic decreased. Older cohorts provided the lowest proportions of diagnostic and preventive services (oldest cohort born before 1918: β = −32.1 ± 4.8; cohort born 1934 to 1938: β = −11.6 ± 3.2, respectively). Older cohorts provided the highest proportions of restorative and prosthodontic services (born before 1918: β = 27.3 ± 5.6; born 1919 to 1923: β = 10.5 ± 2.4, respectively). Some service area trends varied across birth-year cohorts. Endodontic service provision was declining for younger cohorts but increasing for older cohorts. Preventive service provision was increasing for younger cohorts but declining for older cohorts. This study identified trends not evident in previous time-series analysis. First, provision of restorative and oral surgery services, as a proportion of all services provided, was declining. Second, there were competing intercohort trends. These may indicate that new norms in dental education are influencing clinical decision making and that new trends in dental service provision may emerge as older dentists retire.

Knowledge Transfer Statement: This study identified several trends in dental service provision and indicated that not all trends were consistent across all birth-year cohorts. Findings inform dental health care policy and priorities for dental education. In addition, the identified trends have implications for the future composition of the oral health workforce.
SurvivalGWAS_Power: a user friendly tool for power calculations in pharmacogenetic studies with “time to event” outcomes
Authors: Syed Hamzah , Jorgensen Andrea L. , Morris Andrew P.
Published: December 2016

Background

Power calculators are currently available for the design of genetic association studies of binary phenotypes and quantitative traits, but not for “time to event” outcomes, which are of particular relevance in pharmacogenetics. With the rapid emergence of pharmacogenetic association studies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and the complexity of clinical outcomes they consider, there is a need for software to perform power calculations of time to event data over a range of design scenarios and analytical methodologies.

Results

We have developed the user friendly software tool SurvivalGWAS_Power to perform power calculations for time to event outcomes over a range of study designs and different analytical approaches. The software calculates the power to detect SNP association with a time to event outcome over a range of study design scenarios. The software enables analyses under a Cox proportional hazards model or Weibull regression model, and can account for treatment and SNP-treatment interaction effects. Simulated data sets can also be generated by SurvivalGWAS_Power to enable analyses with methods that are not currently supported by the power calculator, thereby increasing the flexibility of the software.

Conclusions

SurvivalGWAS_Power addresses the need for flexible and user-friendly software for power calculations for genetic association studies of time to event outcomes, with particular design features of relevance in pharmacogenetics.
Mitochondrial co-chaperone protein Tid1 is required for energy homeostasis during skeletal myogenesis
Authors: Cheng Li-Hao , Hung Kai-Feng , Lee Te-Chang , Huang Chih-Yang , Chiu Wen-Ting , Lo Jeng-Fan , Huang Tung-Fu
Published: December 2016

Background

Tid1 is a mitochondrial co-chaperone protein and its transcript is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle tissues. However, the physiological function of Tid1 during skeletal myogenesis remains unclear.

Methods

In vitro induced differentiation assay of mouse myoblast C2C12 cells was applied to examine the physiological role of Tid1 during skeletal myogenesis. In addition, transgenic mice with muscle specific (HSA-Cre) Tid1 deletion were established and examined to determine the physiological function of Tid1 during skeletal muscle development in vivo.

Results

Expression of Tid1 protein was upregulated in the differentiated C2C12 cells, and the HSA-Tid1f/f mice displayed muscular dystrophic phenotype. The expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC), the protein served as the muscular development marker, was reduced in HSA-Tid1f/f mice at postnatal day (P)5 and P8. The protein levels of ATP sensor (p-AMPK) and mitochondrial biogenesis protein (PGC-1α) were also significantly reduced in HSA-Tid1f/f mice. Moreover, Tid1 deficiency induced apoptotic marker Caspase-3 in muscle tissues of HSA-Tid1f/f mice. Consistent with the in vivo finding, we observed that downregulation of Tid1 not only reduced the ATP production but also abolished the differentiation ability of C2C12 cells by impairing the mitochondrial activity.

Conclusion

Together, our results suggest that Tid1 deficiency reduces ATP production and abolishes mitochondrial activity, resulting in energy imbalance and promoting apoptosis of muscle cells during myogenesis. It will be of importance to understand the function of Tid1 during human muscular dystrophy in the future.
Migrants from marginal dry areas in Syria: destinations, employment, and returns
Authors: Abdelali-Martini Malika , Ibrahim Kindah , Dhehibi Boubaker
Published: December 2016

We examine the determinants of migrants’ choices of destination, employment, and remittances from one of the poorest marginal dry areas in Syria. Qualitative and econometric analysis of cross-sectional data indicates that migrants’ choices depend mainly on individual, household, and community characteristics and also on availability of opportunities. The main factors affecting the choice of destination and employment are the sending area, age, and sex of migrants, while the educational level had no significant effect in both cases. The larger the endowments of migrants’ households, the higher the remittances sent back home to preserve households’ assets in marginal dry areas.
Aiming for long-term, objective-driven science communication in the UK
Authors: Prokop Andreas , Illingworth Sam
Published: December 2016

Communicating science to wider lay audiences is an increasingly important part of a scientist's remit, and is something that many scientists are keen to embrace. However, based on surveys carried out amongst the UK public, as well as our own experiences in developing and delivering such activities, we believe that they are not always as effective at engaging members of the general public as they could be. In this opinion article we argue that in order to achieve more effective science communication, we need more objective-driven and long-term initiatives. As well as being implemented by the scientists themselves, funding organisations can play an important role in helping to drive such initiatives, and we suggest a list of actionable items that might allow for some of these ideas to be implemented.
Effect of diclofenac suppository on pain control during flexible cystoscopy-A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nadeem Mehwash , Ather M Hammad
Published: December 2016

TRIAL DESIGN: To compare the difference in pain score during flexible cystoscopy between patients undergoing the procedure with plain lubricating gel  only and plain gel with diclofenac suppository in a randomized control trial.

METHODS:  A total of 60 male patients with an indication of flexible cystoscopy were enrolled in a prospective, randomized controlled study. Patients were randomized in two groups. In group “A”, patients received diclofenac suppository one hour prior to the procedure while group “B” did not receive diclofenac suppository. Both groups received 10 ml of intra-urethral  plain gel for lubrication during flexible cystoscopy. Pain score was recorded immediately after the procedure using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Pre- and post-procedure pulse rate and systolic blood pressure was also recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test and student t-test. Regression analysis was performed to address the confounding variables.

RESULTS: Both groups were comparable for variables including age, duration of procedure, level of operating surgeon and indication of procedure. Most common indication for flexible cystoscopy was removal of double J stent. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean pain score between two groups (p = 0.012).  The difference in post-procedure mean pulse rate in the two groups was statistically significant (p= 0.01) however there was no difference observed in mean post procedure systolic blood pressure. Regression analysis showed that none of the confounding variables were significantly affecting pain perception.

CONCLUSIONS: Intra rectal diclofenac suppository is simple and effective pre-emptive analgesia. We recommend its routine use during flexible cystoscopy for better pain control.
The interplay between plasticity and evolution in response to human-induced environmental change
Authors: Diamond Sarah E. , Martin Ryan A.
Published: December 2016

Some populations will cope with human-induced environmental change, and others will undergo extirpation; understanding the mechanisms that underlie these responses is key to forecasting responses to environmental change. In cases where organisms cannot disperse to track suitable habitats, plastic and evolved responses to environmental change will determine whether populations persist or perish. However, the majority of studies consider plasticity and evolution in isolation when in fact plasticity can shape evolution and plasticity itself can evolve. In particular, whether cryptic genetic variation exposed by environmental novelty can facilitate adaptive evolution has been a source of controversy and debate in the literature and has received even less attention in the context of human-induced environmental change. However, given that many studies indicate organisms will be unable to keep pace with environmental change, we need to understand how often and the degree to which plasticity can facilitate adaptive evolutionary change under novel environmental conditions.
Aus Dorpat (Tartu) nach Italien und zurück. Über die Bildungsreise Woldemar Friedrich Krügers vermittelt durch die an Karl Eduard von Liphart von 1832 bis 1834 gesandten Briefe
Authors: Sahk Ingrid
Published: December 2016

The article accompanies the comments and publication of letters written by an Estonian artist Woldemar Friedrich Krüger to his friend Karl Eduard von Liphart, an art collector and expert from Munich between 1832–1834. The main intention of the author has been to provide the reader with the necessary short biography of the Woldemar Krüger and to contextualize the years in which the letters were written. Also the paper aims to open up some subjects and keywords that occur in the letters sent by Krüger to Liphart. The letters that are deposited in the Herder Institute Dokumentesammlung (DSHI) illustrate the early years in the lives of Krüger and Liphart when they both were in their twenties and only in the very beginning with their professional career. Artist Krüger, who was able to study and travel abroad only with the help of the Lipharts family, was especially interested in acquiring technical skills in lithography and encaustic (wax painting). The letters from Munich reveal us a very practically minded and careful personality as Krüger even hesitates before travelling to Italy being afraid that it could lead him away from his routine and practicing. Unfortunately, the letters do not prove whether Krüger attended any official and regular art course during his stay in Munich. However, the letters add valuable information about the developing years of both of the artist Woldemar Krüger and art connoisseur Karl Eduard von Liphart. The correspondence enables us to have a glance at the ideas and acquaintances that they shared and how studying abroad could look like in the 19th century.
TRENDS OF MANUFACTURING OF DRY MIXESIN RUSSIA
Authors: Володченко  , Volodchenko Aleksandr , Гридчин  , Gridchin Anatoliy , Воронов  , Voronov Vasiliy , Загороднюк  , Zagorodnyuk Liliya , Лесовик  , Lesovik Valeriy , Канева  , Kaneva Elena
Published: December 2016

A special place among modern materials occupy dry mixes, they have undeniable advantages and high performance, both technically and economically, depends on them architectural expressiveness and urban planning aesthetics, creating comfortable living conditions, the rational use of energy resources and more more. Russia´s accession to the World Trade Company is divergent views and serious concerns among professionals of the construction sector of the country. Joining the building complex of the Russian accession to the WTO will certainly affect the development of innovative processes in the industry application of modern technologies and materials. Considering the trend of development of the production of dry building mixtures can distinguish two main factors hindering development and accelerating their production. Production of dry building mixes in Russia in the near future has favorable prospects as the increasing volume of construction determines the increase in demand for CAS, while an important factor in increasing the capacity of the market is the replacement of competitive domestic products imported counterparts.
STRUCTURAL AND PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE FeO-SiO2 CaO-FeO I SYSTEM AT INFLUENCE OF HIGH TEMPERATURES
Authors: Ястребинский  , Yastrebinskiy Roman , Павленко  , Pavlenko Zoya
Published: December 2016

In work structural and phase transformations in two-component the iron oxides systems are considered at high-temperature influence, on the example of bivalent oxide of iron and oxides of calcium and silicon, by the being one of the main components of cement binding. Taking into account structure of a radiation protective composite ratios of FeO:CaO =2:1 and FeO:SiO2=4:1 are considered. Heat treatment of the FeO:CaO system in the recovery environment intensified dissociation of calcite and displaced her to the low temperatures area (from 700-1000 °C in the oxidizing environment to 600–800 °C) that is caused by influence of iron of various valency (first of all magnetite) on an ionic lattice of calcite. At 600 °C there is a formation of monocalcic ferrite. In process of enrichment of the СаО system in the range of 700–800 °C monocalcic ferrite passed into two-calcic. Formation of ferrite happens at continuous change of a valent and coordination condition of ions of iron and degree of an ionnost and covalence of a chemical bond of Fe-O in ferriferous complexes. In the FeO-SiO2 system it is established: modification transition of quartz in kristobalit began at 800 °C and intensively develops at 900 °C, against 1200 °C in oxidizing conditions; to modification transition of quartz in kristobalit formation of silicon dioxide with partially amorphous structure in the range of 600–700 °C consisting of ring structural elements from [SiO4] - tetrahedrons preceded.
COMPARISON OF ANALYTICAL CAPABILITIES FINANCIAL STATEMENTS COMPANIES OF RUSSIA AND UKRAINE
Authors: Всяких  , Vsyakikh Maksim
Published: December 2016

this article discusses the similarities and differences key forms financial accountancy of the enterprises of the construction industry in Russia and Ukraine. Based on the identified differences, an attempt is made the comparability of the indicators characterizing the financial performance of business enterprises.
FEASIBILITY STUDY ON USE OF COLEMANITE IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF FLOAT GLASS
Authors: Жерновая  , Zhernovaya Natalya , Онищук  , Onishchuk Viktor , Скурятина  , Skuryatina Elena , Затаковая  , Zatakovaya Raisa
Published: December 2016

Currently actively formed market of translucent constructions. Manufacturers seek to physico-chemical improvement, technological and operational properties of sheet glass by changing their composition, as well as expand the resource base. Much attention is paid borosilicate glass, large-scale production which has a number of drawbacks: high cost and scarcity of traditional raw material of boron – borax, boric acid, high volatility of boron oxide. Alternative boron-containing material is colemanite – water calcium borate.
Internal Control and Internal Audit — Problems of Identification and Implementation
Authors: Егорова  , Egorova Irina
Published: December 2016

Th e article presents a comparative description of the internal control and internal audit as the activities and work functions (including distributions), carried out in accordance with accepted professional standards of activity, gives the distinctive features and similar characteristics of standards.
THE MULTICRITERIA TASKS OF FORMATION OF COMPETENCES IN THE FIELD OF CREATING A BARRIER-FREE ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Тарасенко  , Tarasenko Viktoriya , Черныш  , Chernysh Nadezhda
Published: December 2016

The article gives a brief characterization of the structure of the architectural environment on the basis of accessibility as a spatial system, represented as the object of professional activity of graduates in areas of training of undergraduate and graduate programs. Summarized information about the methods and technologies applied in the educational process.
ON THE ROLE OF NOISE AGGRESSION IN A COMFORTABLE ENVIRONMENT MAN
Authors: Канева  , Kaneva Elena , Загороднюк  , Zagorodnyuk Liliya , Лесовик  , Lesovik Valeriy , Кучерова  , Kucherova Anna
Published: December 2016

Ensuring acoustic comfort in residential, public and industrial buildings is a relevant problem today in the world, because this factor significantly affects the quality of human life. The article presents information about the effects of noise as a negative factor on a person. In the construction of Modern construction projects and landscaping needs effective sound-insulating materials, characterized by high functional and performance properties. Acoustic materials must be cost competitive and meet complex requirements, combining acoustic, decorative and special properties.
INFLUENCE OF RADIAL COMPLIANCE OF SURFACES UPON HYDRODYNAMICS PARAMETERS OF CYLINDRICAL SLIDING BEARINGS
Authors: Зернин Михаил , Zernin Mikhail , Рыбкин Николай , Rybkin Nikolay
Published: December 2016

The procedure and results of calculated researches of hydrodynamics parameters in cylindrical sliding bearings taking into account radial compliance of surfaces are shown. The radial compliance of bearing structural elements is taken into account on the basis of the hypothesis of Winkler’s reason. The examples of hydrodynamics computations of a particular bearing at manufacturing an antifriction layer of metal or composite material with a polymeric matrix are shown. At the same time a modulus of elasticity of an antifriction layer was being changed from 2.43 to 63 MΠa, a total rate of radial compliance was changing from 0 to 40.6•10-14m3/H. The analysis of radial compliance influence upon a minimum thickness of an oil layer and maximum pressure in it is carried out
METHOD LOCOMOTIVE WHEELSLIP PREDICTION BY ANALYZING CHARACTERISTICS CONTACT WHEEL AND RAIL
Authors: Корчагин Вадим , Korchagin Vadim , Тихомиров Виктор , Tikhomirov Viktor , Стриженок Александр , Strizhenok Aleksandr , Измеров Олег , Izmerov Oleg
Published: December 2016

The problems of the analytical analysis of the contact wheel and rail to meet the challenges of energy efficiency increase of the locomotive effect of the magnetic field on the contact zone. By comparing, the profiles of equations and their derivatives are defined in terms of contact with the rail wheels. Obtained geometric parameters of the wheel profile with contact rail profile.
HYDROMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF RUNNING GEAR IN AXIAL-PISTON HYDROMACHINE
Authors: Пузанов Андрей , Puzanov Andrey
Published: December 2016

Specific power increase in hydraulic actuators requires the accuracy increase in computation procedures at designing elements of drives and hydromachines. A running gear of a hydromachine is a unified unit, a basic element of a system defining its reliability and servicing characteristics. It finds its equilibrium position at a complex impact of power factors of dif-ferent origin: a hydromechanical effect of working liquid, a thermal effect of liquid and a contact and friction of mechanical parts. A classic decomposition and analysis of separate simulators break the integrity of a working process and its equilibrium position. For taking into account the influence upon hydromachine functionality hydrodynamics and deformation of me-chanical elements forming a flowing part we developed a complex model of functioning a running gear of an axial-piston hydromachine taking into account the existence and interference of power factors with different physical origin. In the paper there are shown the results of the simulation of hydrodynamics, deformation and strength in a complex setting.
DATA WAREHOUSE USE FOR INFORMATION-ANALYTICAL SYSTEM OF MONITORING COLLEGE STUDENTS’ ACTIVITIES
Authors: Копелиович Дмитрий , Kopeliovich Dmitriy , Драгуновская Ольга , Dragunovskaya Olga
Published: December 2016

The creation of an information-analytical system (IAS) of monitoring students’ activities is considered. The models of monitoring, the realization of data integration with the use of SQL Server Integration Services are formed. The logical models of modules and a general model of the data warehouse are shown. The results of the system use are presented.
DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEM OF HYDRAULIC JACK COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN
Authors: Колякин Владислав , Kolyakin Vladislav , Орехов Дмитрий , Orekhov Dmitriy , Аверченков Андрей , Averchenkov Andrey , Козак Людмила , Kozak Lyudmila
Published: December 2016

The paper reports the problems in automation of designing hydraulic jacks of oneway action. The analysis of methods of computeraided design systems creation is carried out and the algorithms of allowing the formation of a system for computer-aided design of hydraulic jacks are under development. A conceptual approach to a jack choice depending on conditions of its operation allows reducing time for the analysis of requirements specification. In the course of the work with the system there were developed eight basic modules of the system. These modules allow reducing considerably time for the technical documentation development essential for manufacturing jacks with oneway operation and decreasing other costs in the course of designing. Databases created store all the essential information for the proper work of basis modules and also that of standard products, 3 D parametric models and associative drawings. The system developed meets all the requirements imposed on CADs. It is applicable at enterprises engaged in production and repair of hydraulic equipment. The Hydraulic Jack CAD was tested at a functioning enterprise and justified hopes.
SYSTEM APPROACH BASED INVESTIGATION OF PRODUCTION AND ENGINEERING COMPANY MANAGEMENT
Authors: Коновалова Галина , Konovalova Galina
Published: December 2016

Today at engineering companies there is the fol-lowing problem: the inconsistency in management decision-making causing high production costs, a longer duration of a production cycle and a nonobservance of timing of orders. To solve this problem the author of this paper has analyzed with system positions produc-tion and management at an engineering company. A system model is offered, there is described an enlarged structure, hierarchy and kinds of ends, a functional model of engineering company management is formed. In the functional model there are presented functions of a company, production and information flows. In the management scheme of a company there are formulated strategies, ends and indices of efficiency in the field of investigations and developments, finances, marketing, production. A production strategy, budget and orders connect the scheme of company management and the scheme of production management. In the scheme of production management there is located a development of processes for decision-making support, scheduling, online planning, production control, material procurement, resources control, servicing management, company shipments. The scheme of production management has two levels: a company level and a workshop one. Functions of online production planning at a company level provide the formation of a production program, plan-schedules of manufacturing products, parts, units, material requirements, manhours, production costs. Functions of on-line production planning at the workshop level ensure the formation of production schedule and working up urgent plan tasks for production sections (brigades).

The influence of external and internal factors upon management system formation is described. The technical solutions offered are introduced at the closed company of “UK “Bryansk Engineering Plant” and have a universal character and may be used at all engineering companies of the country.
COLLEGES OF BRYANSK REGION AS RESOURCE OF ITS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF “TRIPLE HELIX” CONCEPT
Authors: Петрухина Наталья , Petrukhina Natalya
Published: December 2016

Problems and potentialities of innovation system development in the Bryansk region by means of the activation of business and college interaction are analyzed. The topicality of the idea of college transformation into valuable participants of an innovation process which, on the one hand, function as institutions for personnel training with higher professional education, and, on the other hand, - as offices causing a formation, introduction and diffusion of novelty (innovation) is estimated.

Furthermore, there are pointed out those branches of economy of a region which have pre-conditions for innovation development with college participation. As a significant tool for an innovation development activation there is considered an intra-elite rotation between three sectors: business, college environment and power.

The intra-elite rotation is considered as follows: as the means of balancing authority and liabilities of actors; as a mechanism of elite circulation between actors supposing their development, as increase of their competence; as social-management technology; as an additional mechanism formed according to the principle of a feedback between actors.

The intra-elite rotation is considered as one of the urgent and efficient means of innovation economy development in case of the insufficient integration of “triple helix” actors and also a low communication potential of actors.
A Cross-Cohort Changepoint Model for Customer-Base Analysis
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Arun , Bradlow Eric T. , Fader Peter S.
Published: December 2016

We introduce a new methodology that can capture and explain differences across a series of cohorts of new customers in a repeat-transaction setting. More specifically, this new framework, which we call a vector changepoint model, exploits the underlying regime structure in a sequence of acquired customer cohorts to make predictive statements about new cohorts for which the firm has little or no longitudinal transaction data. To accomplish this, we develop our model within a hierarchical Bayesian framework to uncover evidence of (latent) regime changes for each cohort-level parameter separately, while disentangling cross-cohort changes from calendar-time changes. Calibrating the model using multicohort donation data from a nonprofit organization, we find that holdout predictions for new cohorts using this model have greater accuracy—and greater diagnostic value—compared to a variety of strong benchmarks. Our modeling approach also highlights the perils of pooling data across cohorts without accounting for cross-cohort shifts, thus enabling managers to quantify their uncertainty about potential regime changes and avoid “old data” aggregation bias.
Contagion in Financial Networks: A Threat Index
Authors: Demange Gabrielle
Published: December 2016

This paper proposes to measure the spillover effects that cross liabilities generate on the magnitude of default in a system of financially linked institutions. Based on a simple model and an explicit criterion—the aggregate debt repayments—the measure is defined for each institution, affected by its characteristics and links to others. These measures—one for each institution—summarize relevant information on the interaction between the liabilities structure and the shocks to resources, and they can be useful to determine optimal intervention policies. The approach is illustrated to evaluate the consolidated foreign claims of 10 European Union countries.

This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Supply Function Equilibrium with Taxed Benefits
Authors: Ruddell K. , Philpott A. B. , Downward A.
Published: December 2016

Supply function equilibrium models are used to study electricity market auctions with uncertain demand. We study the effects on the supply function equilibrium of a tax, levied by the system operator, on the observed surplus of producers. Such a tax provides an incentive for producers to alter their offers to avoid the tax. We consider these incentives under both strategic and price-taking assumptions. The model is extended to a setting in which producers are taxed on the benefits accruing to them from a transmission line expansion (a beneficiaries-pay transmission charge). In this setting, we show how this tax may lead to lower prices in equilibrium.
Corporate Political Strategy in Contested Regulatory Environments
Authors: Fremeth Adam R. , Holburn Guy L. F. , Vanden Bergh Richard G.
Published: December 2016

We examine how firms strategically manage opposition from organized stakeholders who participate in regulatory agency policy-making processes. As stakeholder opposition in regulatory agency hearings increases, we argue that firms invest more in developing counter-balancing support from elected politicians who oversee regulators, and more so when regulators are less experienced or are closer to reappointment dates. We find robust statistical support for our predictions in a statistical analysis of financial campaign contributions to state politicians by firms in the U.S. electric utility industry during the period 1999–2010. Our findings contribute to nonmarket strategy research by providing evidence that firms respond to contested regulatory environments by cultivating support from elected political institutions, contingent on the degree of regulator sensitivity to political and stakeholder pressures.
Indução de brotações in vitro de Heliconia latispatha em função do fotoperíodo e reguladores de crescimento
Authors: Rodrigues Antonio Anderson De Jesus , Santos Eder De Oliveira , Carvalho Ana Cristina Portugal Pinto de
Published: December 2016

Considering the growing economic importance of tropical flowers and the advantages of techniques applied to the in vitro cultivation of these plants, it is necessary to carry out studies to evaluate growth in species such as Heliconia latispatha. The aim of this study therefore, was to evaluate in vitro shoot induction for different concentrations of BAP and NAA and as a function of the photoperiod. Explants from zygotic embryos were inoculated in MS medium containing different concentrations of BAP (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 or 2.5 mg L-1), with the cultures kept in a growth room at a temperature of 24.0 ± 2.0° C, under a photoperiod of 12 and 16 hours of light and a light intensity of 30 μmol m-2 s-1. At 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 days after inoculation, the number of shoots per explant was evaluated. The treatment at the BAP concentration that gave the best multiplication rate (2.5 mg L-1) was set, and was tested in a further trial with different concentrations of NAA (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0 6, 0.8 or 1.0 mg L-1) under the same conditions as the previous experiment. The experimental designs were completely randomised, with five replications, and analysed in a 6 x 2 factorial. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression. No significant differences were seen in relation to the photoperiod or its interaction with the cytokinin and auxin under test. Multiplication was greater in the presence of 2.5 mg L-1 BAP, which gave a rate of 1.25 shoots/explant at 49 days of in vitro culture. The association of this BAP dosage with 1.0 mg L-1 NAA was even more efficient, producing 1.83 shoots per explant at 30 days of growth. The use of BAP together with NAA is beneficial to the induction of shoots in H. latispatha.
The i-gel Supraglottic Airway as a Conduit for Fibreoptic Tracheal Intubation – A Randomized Comparison with the Single-use Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway and CTrach Laryngeal Mask in Patients with Predicted Difficult Laryngoscopy
Authors: Michálek Pavel , Donaldson Will , McAleavey Francis , Abraham Alexander , Mathers Rachel J. , Telford Claire
Published: December 2016

Fibreoptic intubation through a supraglottic airway is an alternative plan for airway management in difficult or failed laryngoscopy. The aim of this study was to compare three supraglottic airways as conduits in patients with at least one predictor for difficult laryngoscopy. The i-gel was compared with the single-use intubating laryngeal mask airway (sILMA) and CTrach laryngeal mask in 120 adult patients scheduled for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia using a prospective, randomized and single-blinded design. Primary outcome was success rate of tracheal intubation through the device, while secondary outcomes were times required for device insertion and tracheal tube placement, fibreoptic scores and the incidence of perioperative complications and postoperative complaints. The success rates showed no statistical difference between devices (i-gel 100%, CTrach 97.5%, ILMA 95%). Insertion time was shortest for the i-gel (12.4 s) compared with ILMA (19.3 s) and CTrach (24.4 s). Intubation time was shorter in the i-gel group (29.4 s) in comparison with the CTrach (39.8 s, p<0.05) and sILMA (51.9 s, p<0.001) groups. Best fibreoptic scores were observed also in the i-gel group. In total, 24 patients (20%) presented with difficult laryngoscopy. The i-gel showed significantly shorter times for insertion and fibreoptic intubation than the other two devices in this group. No difference was observed in the incidence of postoperative complaints. The i-gel is a suitable alternative to the sILMA and CTrach for fibrescope-guided tracheal intubation. Shorter insertion and intubation times with the i-gel may provide advantage in case of difficult oxygenation.
Osteoarthrosis of Temporomandibular Joint Related to the Defects of Posterior Dentition: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Levorová Jitka , Machoň Vladimír , Guha Anasuya , Foltán René
Published: December 2016

Osteoarthrosis (OA) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a progressive degenerative disease, gradually affecting cartilage, synovial membrane and bone structures. OA of TMJ clinically manifests with joint noises, pain and restricted mouth opening. In late stages, it results in severe damage of TMJ structures and development of ankylosis. Osteoarthrosis is a multifactorial disease; the occurrence is associated with TMJ overloading. The cohort included 619 patients [538 women (87%) and 81 men (13%), with average age 40.6 years (age range 8–89 years)] with TMJ disorder, who were examined in the year 2014 in Department of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse, if the lack of posterior teeth (supporting teeth zones) is the main etiologic factor of osteoarthrosis of TMJ. Diagnosis of OA was established on the clinical signs and the panoramic X-ray signs. Simultaneously other etiologic factors of OA were assessed. The presence of OA changes on X-ray had 171 patients (i.e. 27.6% of the total number of 619). 17.5% from these patients with OA had defect in posterior dentition. Other aetiological factors (stress, skeletal or vertebrogenous disorders) showed higher incidence of OA changes on X-ray. Defect of posterior dentition is not negligible, but it is not the main aetiological factor for osteoarthrosis of TMJ.
Effect of sweet chestnut extract (Farmatan®) on the digestibility and bioavailability of nitrogen and some minerals in the laboratory rats
Authors: PIRMAN Tatjana , OREŠNIK Andrej
Published: December 2016

Study was conducted to investigate the dietary effect of hydrolysable tannin from sweet chestnut on the protein digestibility and bioavailability, dry matter and organic matter apparent digestibility and apparent digestibility and apparent bioavailability of some mineral elements. Ten male Wistar rats (98.9 g ± 25.6 g of body mass) were fed ad libitum with balanced diets. In the experimental diet 0.1 % of sweet chestnut extract (SCE) was added to the diet. Five days balance experiment takes place after fifteen days of adaptive period. SCE did not have any influence on the protein quality measurements or dry matter and organic matter apparent digestibility. Tannin significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the digestibility and bioavailability of Ca and Fe. The digestibility of Na was unchanged (97.76 % and 97.31 % in control and SCE group, respectively), but bioavailability significantly decreased in SCE group (53.16 %) as compared to the control group (74.17 %). On the contrary, the apparent digestibility of Se significantly increased, (64.25 %) in SCE group compared to the control group (52.31 %).
Optimal Patent Protection: A Macroeconomic Perspective
Authors: Meng Samuel
Published: December 2016

The need to balance the positive and negative effects of patent monopoly is at the heart of design and reform of the patent system. However, by scrutinizing prior studies on optimal patent design, this paper has found that the basis for this balanced approach is flawed. Furthermore, a macroeconomic analysis of the patent system confirms that there is no trade-off in patent protection, unless the patent system generates only marginal negative effects. The implication of this finding is that a new patent system design is needed to stimulate innovation directly while minimizing deadweight loss.