bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ectopic endometriotic stromal cells‐derived lactate induces M2 macrophage polarization via Mettl3/Trib1/ERK/STAT3 signalling pathway in endometriosis
Authors: Gou Yanling , Wang Han , Wang Tong , Wang Hongli , Wang Beidi , Jiao Na , Yu Yangyang , Cao Yingying , Wang Honglin , Zhang Zongfeng
Published: September 2022

Endometriosis is a gynaecological condition characterized by the growth of endometrium‐like tissues within and outside of the pelvic cavity. Recent studies have demonstrated that aberrant infiltration of M2 macrophages is mainly responsible for the establishment of endometriotic lesions. A growing body of evidence shows that glycolysis and lactate accumulation have great impact on the regulation of immunomicroenvironment. However, the communication signal between glycolysis and macrophages is poorly defined in endometriosis. Hereby, we investigate the correlation between glycolysis and M2 macrophage infiltration in endometriosis. Next, we confirm that lactate is pivotal factor that drives macrophage M2‐polarization to promote endometriotic stromal cells invasion in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we also identify that the activation of Mettl3 and its target gene Trib1 promote M2 macrophage polarization. Moreover, we also demonstrate that Trib1 induce M2 macrophage polarization via the activation of ERK/STAT3 signalling pathway. Finally, by injecting 2‐DG into endometriosis mice model, we show that the restrain of glycolysis significantly reduces the progression of endometriosis, which provides evidence for lactate as a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of endometriosis.
Fabrication and phase transition of uranium‐doped LaxGd2−xZr2O7 transparent ceramics: A prospective neutron detection material
Authors: Chen Yao , Ye Yucheng , Liao Wenlong , Lai Xiangpeng , Cheng Gang , Zhu Xinghua , Shi Yanli , Qi Jianqi , Lu Tiecheng
Published: September 2022

Via vacuum sintering, 2 mol% uranium‐doped LaxGd2−xZr2O7 (x = 2, 1.6, 1, and 0.4) transparent ceramics with Ca2+ as charge compensator was first fabricated by solid‐state reaction. X‐ray diffraction results of as‐prepared powders and ceramic samples demonstrate that the phase transition from defective fluorite to pyrochlore occurs with the increase of x. Optical in‐line transmittance spectrum shows that four ceramic samples have good in‐line transmittance (nearly 80% from 700 to 2200 nm), especially the U:La1.6Gd0.4Zr2O7 ceramics. The cut‐off wavelength of four U‐doped transparent ceramics shifted from 250 to near 460 nm, and it is believed that such phenomenon is related to the stable existence form of uranium in ceramics lattices. Observing the excitation emission spectra, the main excitation peaks of four ceramic samples are located at 458 nm, and the main emission peaks are located around 513 nm. In addition, there are low‐intensity emission peaks around 520, 537, and 566 nm, and the related explanation is given in combination with the U6+ ion energy level diagram. Thus, uranium‐doped LaxGd2−xZr2O7 transparent ceramics have potential for novel neutron detection materials.
Sex, landscape diversity and primary productivity shape the seasonal space use of a migratory European raptor
Authors: Spatz Theresa , Katzenberger Jakob , Friess Nicolas , Gelpke Christian , Gottschalk Eckhard , Hormann Martin , Koschkar Steffen , Pfeiffer Thomas , Stübing Stefan , Sudfeldt Christoph , Rösner Sascha , Schabo Dana G. , Farwig Nina
Published: September 2022

Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers shape the space use of wide‐ranging raptors. A large proportion of raptors are migrants that shift their activity ranges between summer and winter habitats, where they encounter different environmental conditions. Analysing the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic drivers on the space use in summer and winter habitats provides crucial insights into the ecology of migratory raptors. Here, we investigated the seasonal space use by 43 red kites Milvus milvus tracked by GPS‐transmitters across central and south‐western Europe over seven consecutive years. We compared space use patterns, i.e. activity range sizes and mean daily distances of the birds between summer and winter, and analysed the influence of extrinsic (landscape diversity, primary productivity) and intrinsic factors (sex). Within summer, we investigated the influence of breeding success and sex on activity range sizes. We further analysed differences in habitat availability and habitat selection between seasons. We found that space use was smaller in summers than in winters. When compared to those of males, activity ranges of female red kites were larger in summers and smaller in winters, with shorter mean daily distances in both seasons. Within summer, successfully breeding red kites had smaller activity range sizes in both sexes, but this effect was stronger in females than in males. Regardless of the season, landscape diversity was positively correlated with space use, whereas primary productivity was negatively correlated with it. The habitat use differed between seasons, with agricultural landscapes being less proportionally used in summers than in winters. Overall, we showed that both intrinsic and extrinsic drivers shaped space use in both seasons, leading to differences in space use patterns and habitat use in migratory raptors between their summer and winter habitats. Our findings underline the importance of consideration of the entire annual cycle of migratory species for conservation management.
Reproductive success of the wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix varies across Europe
Authors: Maag Nino , Burgess Malcolm D. , Maziarz Marta , Lüpold Shannon , Mallord John W. , Broughton Richard K. , Cristinacce Andrew , Arlettaz Raphaël , Carlotti Sandro , Castello Joan , Davis Tony , Gerber Michael , Grendelmeier Alex , Orsman Christopher J. , Riess Michael , Stelbrink Pablo , Wesołowski Tomasz , Züst Zephyr , Pasinelli Gilberto
Published: September 2022

Differences in population trends across a species' breeding range are ultimately linked to variation in demographic rates. In small songbirds, demographic rates related to fecundity typically have strong effects on population trends. Populations of a forest songbird, the wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix, have been declining in many but not all regions of the European breeding range. We investigated if clutch size, hatching rate, nest survival and number of fledglings vary across Europe, and if nest survival is related to differences in the regionally dominant nest predator class (birds versus mammals). From 2009 to 2020, we monitored 1896 nests and used cameras at a subsample of 645 nests in six study regions: the United Kingdom (mid‐Wales, Dartmoor, the New Forest), Germany (Hessen), Switzerland (Jura mountains) and Poland (Białowieża National Park). Number of fledglings was lowest in the New Forest (1.43 ± CI 0.23), intermediate in Jura (2.41 ± 0.31) and Białowieża (2.26 ± 0.24) and highest in mid‐Wales (3.02 ± 0.48) and Dartmoor (2.92 ± 0.32). The reason for low reproductive success in the New Forest, Jura and Białowieża was low nest survival, and large clutch sizes in Białowieża did not compensate for high nest losses. High reproductive success in mid‐Wales and Dartmoor was due to high nest survival and large clutch sizes. Overall predation rates were similar everywhere despite variation between the regions in the dominant nest predator class. Unsuccessful nests in mid‐Wales were mainly predated by birds; in Dartmoor, the New Forest, Hessen and Jura similarly by birds and mammals; and in Białowieża exclusively by mammals. Regional reproductive success does not match the population trends recently reported for the wood warbler in the six study regions (i.e. high reproduction ≠ positive trend). Annual survival may be a decisive factor, but it is difficult to quantify for a nomadic species such as the wood warbler that rarely returns to the same breeding locations.
The hemodynamic effect of simulated atrial fibrillation on left ventricular function
Authors: Stojadinović Predrag , Deshraju Aslesha , Wichterle Dan , Fukunaga Masato , Peichl Petr , Kautzner Josef , Šramko Marek
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in humans. The onset of the arrhythmia can significantly impair cardiac function. This hemodynamic deterioration has been explained by several mechanisms such as the loss of atrial contraction, shortening of ventricular filling, or heart rhythm irregularity. This study sought to evaluate the relative hemodynamic contribution of each of these components during in vivo simulated human AF.

Methods

Twelve patients undergoing catheter ablation for paroxysmal AF were paced simultaneously from the proximal coronary sinus and the His bundle region according to prescribed sequences of irregular R−R intervals with the average rate of 90 and 130 bpm, which were extracted from the database of digital ECG recordings of AF from other patients. The simulated AF was compared to regular atrial pacing with spontaneous atrioventricular conduction and regular simultaneous atrioventricular pacing at the same heart rate. Beat‐by‐beat left atrial and left ventricular pressures, including LV dP/dT and Tau index were assessed by direct invasive measurement; beat‐by‐beat stroke volume and cardiac output (index) were assessed by simultaneous pulse‐wave doppler intracardiac echocardiography.

Results

Simulated AF led to significant impairment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. Both loss of atrial contraction and heart rate irregularity significantly contributed to hemodynamic impairment. This effect was pronounced with increasing heart rate.

Conclusion

Our findings strengthen the rationale for therapeutic strategies aiming at rhythm control and heart rate regularization in patients with AF.
Mechanism and management of leaks arising after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC)
Authors: Charate Rishi , Ahmed Adnan , Aedma Surya K. , Singh Vasvi , Garg Jalaj , Pothineni Naga V. K. , Della Rocca Domenico G. , Gopinathannair Rakesh , Natale Andrea , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya
Published: September 2022

This article reviews the latest available data in regard to the diagnosis, management, and intervention of both central and peri‐device leaks that arise after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). The aim of this article is to have a better understanding of both addressing leaks arising after LAAC, and which interventions and closure methods are best served for each type of residual leak based on etiology, size, and operator experience.
Female wound records suggest mating periods for the Caribbean reef shark at an insular marine protected area from the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Rangel Bianca S. , Afonso André S. , Garla Ricardo
Published: September 2022

Despite being one of the most abundant, economically significant, reef‐associated shark species, little is known about the reproductive aspects of the Caribbean reef shark (Carcharhinus perezi). In the present study the authors report the first evidence of mating wounds and scars in female Caribbean reef sharks at the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, a remote marine protected area in the South Atlantic Ocean. Data from four females suggest this species mates mainly during the austral summer, between February and March. Given that the archipelago has been previously described as a nursery ground for the Caribbean reef shark, these results add information about the reproductive cycle of this species in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean.
Efficacy of keverprazan for duodenal ulcer: A phase II randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐controlled trial
Authors: Tan Nian‐di , Liu Xiao‐wei , Liu Cheng‐xia , Li Sheng‐bao , Chen Hong‐hui , Li Xing , Wu Hao , Liao Ai‐Jun , Zhen Yan‐bo , Shen Peng‐zhen , Huo Li‐juan , Liu Hong‐ling , Shi Rui‐hua , Zhang Bing‐qiang , Zhang Zhen‐yu , Wang Jian‐ning , Zhan Qiang , Deng Hong , Shu Xu , Tuo Bi‐guang , Wang Qi‐zhi , Du Shi‐yu , Qi Ling‐zhi , Zhang Guo‐xin , Peng Qiong , Wang Bang‐mao , Ye Bin , Chen Min‐hu , Xiao Ying‐lian
Published: September 2022

Background and Aim

Considering the limitation of varying acid suppression of proton pump inhibitors, this study was aimed to assess the efficacy, safety, and dose–effect relationship of keverprazan, a novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker, in the treatment of duodenal ulcer (DU) compared with lansoprazole.

Methods

A randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy, multicenter, low‐dose, high‐dose, and positive‐drug parallel‐controlled study was conducted to verify the non‐inferiority of keverprazan (20 or 30 mg) to lansoprazole of 30 mg once daily for 4 to 6 weeks and dose–effect relationship of keverprazan in the treatment of patients with active DU confirmed by endoscopy.

Results

Of the 180 subjects randomized, including 55 cases in the keverprazan_20 mg group, 61 cases in the keverprazan_30 mg group, and 64 cases in the lansoprazole_30 mg group, 168 subjects (93.33%) completed the study. The proportions of healed DU subjects in the keverprazan_20 mg, keverprazan_30 mg, and lansoprazole_30 mg groups were respectively 87.27%, 90.16%, and 79.69% at week 4 (P = 0.4595) and were respectively 96.36%, 98.36%, and 92.19% at week 6 (P = 0.2577). The incidence of adverse events in the keverprazan_20 mg group was lower than that in the lansoprazole_30 mg (P = 0.0285) and keverprazan_30 mg groups (P = 0.0398).

Conclusions

Keverprazan was effective and non‐inferior to lansoprazole in healing DU. Based on the comparable efficacy and safety data, keverprazan of 20 mg once daily is recommended for the follow‐up study of acid‐related disorders. (Trial registration number: ChiCTR2100043455.)
The effect and durability of functional exercises on Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) scores in people with intellectual disabilities: a preliminary report
Authors: Bahiraei S. , Daneshmandi H.
Published: September 2022

Background

Problems and limitations of movement in individuals with ID are highly common, which particularly may cause the loss of basic performance and limit the person's independence in doing their daily activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect and durability of functional exercises on balance evaluation systems test (BESTest) scores of individuals with ID.

Methods

In the present study, 34 participants with ID were selected randomly and divided into three groups: training groups [unstable group (UG); n = 12; age = 21.46 ± 5.37 years and stable group (SG); n = 12; age = 18.50 ± 2.11 years] or the control group (CG; n = 10; age = 19.50 ± 1.27 years). The postural stability measure was collected with the BESTest. The training groups did the functional exercises for 8 weeks, 3 days/week and 1 h/day. The control group did not experience any training. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 22 software on a significance level (P < 0.05).

Results

Both UG and SG training improved the outcome measures [biomechanical constraints (F = 14.04; P = 0.001), limits of stability/verticality (F = 54.39; P = 0.001), postural responses (F = 26.28; P = 0.001), anticipatory postural adjustment (F = 22.72; P = 0.001), stability in gait (F = 51.95; P = 0.001), sensory orientation (F = 83.87; P = 0.001) and total score (F = 114.1; P = 0.001)]. These improvements were maintained at a 1‐month follow‐up, although the effect was slightly reduced. The results showed that the training group at an unstable level has more balanced improvement compared to the training group at a stable level.

Conclusion

This study presents evidence that functional exercises can be recognised as a comprehensive and effective mediator in the improvement of balance in individuals with ID and also affect performance and movement activities.
Disparate but not antagonistic: Classes of labour in cotton production in Burkina Faso
Authors: Engels Bettina
Published: September 2022

This paper examines the variety of agrarian classes of labour and the challenges they face in organizing and pursuing their interests. By taking the cotton sector in Burkina Faso as a case study, it analyses how various ‘classes of labour’ organize and mobilize for collective action to raise their claims: poor cotton farmers and workers in the cotton factories. Poor and middle farmers recently came to the fore when they boycotted cotton production in large numbers. The study focusses on the boycott campaign, and more broadly on class struggle and collective action by farmers and workers, on interclass alliances, and on capital's attempts to play the classes of labour against one another. The boycott campaign provides an outstanding case to analyse the interests of the various classes of labour and of opportunities for rural–urban mobilization and alliances across classes of labour. I argue that poor farmers and factory workers along the chain of cotton production can be considered as various classes of labour that are not necessarily antagonistic to one another but, first and foremost, to capital. In order to achieve radical transformation in the agrarian context, what is needed are networks and organizations to establish interclass solidarity and alliances.
Hope in the uncertainties and certainty for parents of children with rare neurological disorders: Part 2 (of 3): Certainty
Authors: Nevin Suzanne M , Beavis Erin , Macintosh Rebecca , Palmer Elizabeth E , Sachdev Rani , Le Marne Fleur A , Bye Ann ME , Nunn Kenneth
Published: September 2022

This is the second of a three‐part series that explores different aspects of uncertainty, certainty and hope in the context of providing clinical care for children with rare and life‐limiting neurological disorders. When caring for families impacted by an overwhelming complex disorder in a child, complicated by threatening uncertainties and potentially more threatening certainties, clinicians utilise skills drawn from differing fields to make the load of information, and the emotional impact more manageable. The first article in this series addressed how clinicians might manage the ‘accumulation of uncertainties’ and to provide compassionate care not only to their patients, and their families, but also to themselves. This second paper delves into the less helpful aspects of ‘certainty’, including the associated losses and griefs endured by parents responding to threatening fears associated with their child's condition. In the extreme, disconnection and psychological isolation borne by parents can lead to a sense of hopelessness and desperation. Facing unwelcome certainties – clinicians and parents together – forms the basis of future trust and hope. Clinicians who share the field of trust with families and show commitment to helping parents, even when cure remains elusive, build a sense of hope. This is the sort of hopefulness that clinicians need to have and to offer as they share the journey with families. In this series, we seek to harness a shared approach to face unwelcome certainties and to kindle a sense of hope that is both credible and meaningful to the parents, family and clinician.
Multimodality, learning and decision‐making: children's metacognitive reflections on their engagement with video games as interactive texts
Authors: von Gillern Sam , Stufft Carolyn
Published: September 2022

This study examines how 31 middle‐school children conducted multimodal analyses of video games. Over four consecutive days, students played video games for 30 minutes and then wrote written reflections about the multimodal symbols within the game and how these symbols influenced their interpretation and decision‐making processes during gameplay. Students produced 124 reflections in total, which were analysed via template analysis to determine how children metacognitively reflected on different types of multimodal symbols and used those symbols to comprehend the games and make decisions. Results illustrate how students engaged in metacognitive semantic and syntactic processes with a variety of multimodal symbols, such as written language, dynamic visuals and abstract symbols, during gameplay that aided their understanding of the games and influenced their decisions. This study contributes to the limited empirical research on video game literacies and illustrates children's meaning‐making processes while engaged with video games as multimodal interactive texts.
Promising trends and influencing factors of complementary feeding practices in Côte d'Ivoire: An analysis of nationally representative survey data between 1994 and 2016
Authors: Dou Nan , Shakya Evaniya , Ngoutane Raphia M. , Garnier Denis , Kouame Oka R. , Dain Anne‐Sophie L. , Garg Aashima , Kodish Stephen R. , Caulfield Laura E. , Murray‐Kolb Laura E. , Na Muzi
Published: September 2022

Poor complementary feeding (CF) challenges early childhood growth. We examined the trends and influencing factors of CF practices among children aged 6–23 months in Côte d'Ivoire. Using data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS, 1994–2011) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS, 2000–2016), the trends and predictors of World Health Organization‐United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund CF indicators including the timely introduction of complementary foods (INTRO), minimum meal frequency (MMF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) were determined. Using 2016 MICS data, we applied multivariate logistic regression models to identify factors associated with CF indicators. Between 1994 and 2016, the mean proportion of children aged 6–8 months achieving INTRO was 56.9% and increased by about 25% points since 2006. Over 2011–2016, the proportion of children aged 6–23 months meeting MMF, MDD and MAD increased from 40.2% to 47.7%, 11.3% to 26.0% and 4.6% to 12.5%, respectively. Older children and those from urban households had higher odds of meeting MDD and MAD. Maternal TV watching was associated with higher odds of meeting MDD. The secondary or higher education levels of mothers significantly predicted higher odds of meeting INTRO and MDD. Currently, breastfeeding was also positively associated with odds of meeting MMF and MAD. Children from poorer households had lower odds of meeting MMF, MDD and MAD. Despite the improvements, CF practices remain suboptimal in Côte d'Ivoire. Influencing factors associated with CF were distributed across individual, household and community levels, calling for future programmes and policies to implement multi‐level strategies to improve young children's diet in Côte d'Ivoire.
Investigating bracovirus chromosomal integration and inheritance in lepidopteran host and nontarget species
Authors: Muller Héloïse , Heisserer Camille , Fortuna Taiadjana , Mougel Florence , Huguet Elisabeth , Kaiser Laure , Gilbert Clément
Published: September 2022

Bracoviruses (BVs) are domesticated viruses found in braconid parasitoid wasp genomes. They are composed of domesticated genes from a nudivrius, coding viral particles in which wasp DNA circles are packaged. BVs are viewed as possible vectors of horizontal transfer of genetic material (HT) from wasp to their hosts because they are injected, together with wasp eggs, by female wasps into their host larvae, and because they undergo massive chromosomal integration in multiple host tissues. Here, we show that chromosomal integrations of the Cotesia typhae BV (CtBV) persist up to the adult stage in individuals of its natural host, Sesamia nonagrioides, that survived parasitism. However, while reproducing host adults can bear an average of nearly two CtBV integrations per haploid genome, we were unable to retrieve any of these integrations in 500 of their offspring using Illumina sequencing. This suggests either that host gametes are less targeted by CtBVs than somatic cells or that gametes bearing BV integrations are nonfunctional. We further show that CtBV can massively integrate into the chromosomes of other lepidopteran species that are not normally targeted by the wasp in the wild, including one which is divergent by at least 100 million years from the natural host. Cell entry and chromosomal integration of BVs are thus unlikely to be major factors shaping wasp host range. Together, our results shed new light on the conditions under which BV‐mediated wasp‐to‐host HT may occur and provide information that may be helpful to evaluate the potential risks of uncontrolled HT associated with the use of parasitoid wasps as biocontrol agents.
A complete absence of indirect genetic effects on brain gene expression in a highly social context
Authors: Kay Tomas , Alciatore Giacamo , La Mendola Christine , Reuter Max , Ulrich Yuko , Keller Laurent
Published: September 2022

Genes not only control traits of their carrier organism (known as direct genetic effects or DGEs) but also shape their carrier's physical environment and the phenotypes of their carrier's social partners (known as indirect genetic effects or IGEs). Theoretical research has shown that the effects that genes exert on social partners can have profound consequences, potentially altering heritability and the direction of trait evolution. Complementary empirical research has shown that in various contexts (particularly in animal agriculture) IGEs can explain a large proportion of variation in specific traits. However, little is known about the general prevalence of IGEs. We conducted a reciprocal cross‐fostering experiment with two genetic lineages of the clonal raider ant Ooceraea biroi to quantify the relative contribution of DGEs and IGEs to variation in brain gene expression (which underlies behavioural variation). We found that thousands of genes are differentially expressed by DGEs but not a single gene is differentially expressed by IGEs. This is surprising given the highly social context of ant colonies and given that individual behaviour varies according to the genotypic composition of the social environment in O. biroi. Overall, these findings indicate that we have a lot to learn about how the magnitude of IGEs varies across species and contexts.
Recognition ofEphedra yangthangensisas a new synonym ofE. intermedia(Ephedraceae)
Authors: Rather Zubair Ahmad , Dar Tanvir Ul Hassan , Dar Abdul Rashid , Khuroo Anzar Ahmad
Published: September 2022

Critical study of the protologue, herbarium and live specimens ofEphedra yangthangensisPrabha Sharma & Rita Singh revealed that this species actually corresponds toE. intermedia. The description ofE. yangthangensisas a new species is based on phenotypically plastic characters such as nature of microsporagiophore, size of male strobili and colour of stem, fruit and leaf, which actually fall within the circumscription ofE. intermedia. Therefore, here we reportE. yangthangensisas a new synonym ofE. intermedia. We identify the taxonomic discrepancies in the diagnosis ofE. yangthangensisand provide taxonomic keys, description with photographic illustrations of vegetative (habit, stems and leaves), reproductive (cone arrangement and nature) and anatomical characters and enlist the representative herbarium specimens.
Variations of Extended Latissimus Dorsi Musculocutaneous Flap for Reconstruction of Large Wounds in the Extremity
Authors: He Jiqiang , Qing Liming , Wu Panfeng , Ketheeswaran Suvetha , Yu Fang , Tang Juyu
Published: September 2022

Objective

The aim of the present study was to report a novel nomenclature system for extended latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous (LD) flaps. To evaluate the clinical application and surgical efficacy of the different extended LD flaps for large wounds in the extremities.

Methods

From January 2004 to December 2018, 72 consecutive patients who received extended LD flaps were retrospectively analyzed. Patients' ages ranged from 2 to 68 years with 37 males and 35 females. All wounds were extensive in either the upper or lower limbs, while the skin defect area ranged from 18 cm × 10 cm to 37 cm × 21 cm. Forty‐one wounds were located in the calf, 18 in the foot and ankle, six in the shoulder and upper arm, four in the thigh, and three at the knee joint. Twenty‐eight patients had fractures, and six of these patients with segmental bone defects (ranging in size from 3 to 7 cm) required secondary orthopaedic procedures. Single‐ and double‐wing extended LD flaps were designed and harvested according to the shape of the wounds.

Results

The flaps received consisted of 64 single‐wing and eight double‐wing extended LD flaps, and the mean flap harvest time was 56.2 min. The donor sites were closed primarily for all patients. Additional subcutaneous veins were anastomosed to the recipient's vessels in 14 patients. The venous crisis was noticed on the first postoperative day in four cases. Two flaps were salvaged after emergency re‐exploration, and another two patients' flaps were necrosed. In these two patients, lower limb amputation and extended LD flap on the other side were used, respectively, for the final treatment. The wounds healed well, providing reliable soft tissue coverage and good contour in the reconstructed areas. Six patients had segmental bone defects that required secondary orthopaedic procedures, two patients were repaired with vascularized iliac crest bone grafts, and another four patients were reconstructed by the Ilizarov technique. All the patients' bone defects achieved union and most patients achieved good functional recovery at the recipient site. The mean follow‐up was 15.7 months (range, 10–56 months). No significant donor site morbidities limiting patients' daily activities occurred during the follow‐up. Eight patients developed a donor site hypertrophic scar, three patients on the back, and five on the anterolateral thigh.

Conclusion

Single‐ and double‐wing extended LD flaps are simple and reliable methods for large skin and soft tissue defects in the extremity, with good functional and aesthetic results.
Nationalism and the Politics of Nostalgia1
Authors: Elgenius Gabriella , Rydgren Jens
Published: September 2022

This article contributes to the analysis of the politics of nostalgia by focusing on its content, conditions, and mechanisms. Frame theory is used to understand the contested nature of nostalgia through the central framing of the past. We explore ways in which nostalgia relates to ethnic nationalism and populism and its close relationship to the rhetoric of the populist radical right. Components of nostalgia that stand out as particularly significant is the history of decline and loss. Whereas nostalgia is utilized by proponents of both civic and ethnic nationalism, we are particularly occupied with the ethnic substance of nationalist nostalgia. Nationalist nostalgia capitalizes on loss, idealization, and resentment and its contested nature may be brought out through diagnostic and anti‐migrant frames. A central mechanism is the juxtaposition and unfavorable comparison between an idealized glorious past, a decaying present, and the creation of a utopian future, that in many ways resemble Christian narratives of fall and redemption. We therefore expect an increasing appeal of nostalgia as an orienting mechanism during unsettling times, rapid changes, and uncertain conditions. We draw upon critical cases of the radical right in Europe, and case studies from the Balkans, Lebanon, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, and the United States.
Multi‐scenario simulation of land use change based on MCR‐SD‐FLUS model: A case study of Nanchang, China
Authors: Gu Moli , Ye Changsheng , Hu Mengshan , Lyu Xue , Li Xin , Hu Haiping , Huang Xiaolan
Published: September 2022

Modeling land use/cover change (LUCC) is a helpful approach to simulate land use changes, analyze land use driving mechanisms, and support territorial spatial planning. However, there is no single model that comprehensively represents spatiotemporal changes, impact mechanisms, and ecological conservation of land use. This article focuses on Nanchang City and how the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model, the system dynamics (SD) model, and the future land use simulation (FLUS) model can be combined and applied to simulate the trends of land utilization change in different future scenarios. This allows us to explore the environmental protection policies and constraints, as well as to assess the socioeconomic regulation mechanisms and dynamic spatial patterns of land use. The results proved that the integrated model is competent in monitoring and projecting the dynamics of LUCC. The areas suitable for ecological protection are mainly located in the southeast, northeast and Meiling Scenic Area of Nanchang. By 2030, the scale of cultivated land will decrease, while the scale of forestland, grassland, water area, and total construction land will increase. Spatially, some cultivated land will be occupied due to the expansion of urban land, while the rural settlement land will be converted into other construction land. The interconversion of ecological lands also encroaches on part of the cultivated land. This scenario simulation based on the coupled MCR‐SD‐FLUS model provides decision‐making options for land resource planning and ecological environment assessment not only in the study region but also in other similar cities.
DESIGN OF CONVEX AND CONCAVE DUAL BENT ARRAY FOR 5G LENS ANTENNA SYSTEM
Authors: Tengah Zanurlida , Abd Rahman Nurul Huda , Yamada Yoshihide , Subahir Suhaila
Published: September 2022

Previous research on the multi-beam system for the fifth generation (5G) application has shown that the number of feed elements of a lens antenna system at the mobile base station is increasing due to the massive MIMO requirements. The design of the array circuits of the 5G lens antenna systems will be more complicated due to the feeding structure, which consists of the power dividers and phase shifters, thus contributing to higher feeding losses. The antenna fabrication process also becomes more complicated. Besides that, the conventional array feed also produces a single radiation beam only. Thus, a large space is needed, where array feed antennas should be arranged to perform wide-angle beam scanning for 5G massive MIMO operation. Therefore, to overcome these issues, this paper uses a bent array configuration as the lens antenna feed to produce bifurcated beam radiation and has a wide beam angle from the feed radiator to the lens edge. Multiple bent arrays are arranged on the lens axis to generate a multi-beam by cylindrical lens antenna. This paper shows a comparison of the bent array in convex and concave configurations. This process investigates the mutual coupling when more than one bent array is arranged as feed radiators. By comparing the arrays in convex and concave structures, it is observed that the convex structure produces a better-bifurcated beam with a smaller middle lobe. The antenna also produces the same bifurcated beam shifting angle, θs for both ports, when s = 4λ is used. It is verified as the optimum spacing value between two bent array structures by the optimization process.
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON INVESTIGATION OF THE HEAT STRESS AFFECTING THE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, A CASE STUDY: GARMENT FACTORY IN PHNOM PENH
Authors: Vongchanh Kinnaleth , Chan Sarin
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to investigate low labor productivity affected by heat stress; focusing on various parameters including outdoor and indoor temperatures and humidity, indoor air quality, and the outfit used. Survey of 130 questionnaires together with measurements of indoor and outdoor air temperatures and humidity were carried out in a garment factory in Phnom Penh, Cambodia during May 2019, which is one of the hottest months of the year. The indoor wet bulb globe temperature, WBGTid, with the evaporative cooling system in operation was ranging from 26 to 34oC; while the outdoor air dry-bulb temperature was around 25 to 41oC. The survey results show that the participants experienced all types of heat-stress symptoms, including heavy sweating, muscle cramps, tiredness/weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea or vomiting, and fainting. Even though the majority of respondents found the workplace temperature comfortable and around 65% could manage bad feelings due to heat stress, about 80% of respondents reported feeling hot and uncomfortable at working place within the period of 1 to 3 months in a year. During the hot months, some 39.6% had feeling thirsty, more than 22% felt exhaustion and had excessive sweating; and around 9% want to move and stay in a comfortable place. To cope with the heat stress, workers mostly drink water, but some also need to move away for a while or remove extra layer of outfit. Finally, noticeable number of workers, 41.3% and 33.7%, respectively, acknowledged heat stress negatively impact their productivity and cause irritation in working together.
SWARM UAV IMPLEMENTATION USING RADIO LOCALIZATION ON GPS DENIED AREAS
Authors: Scott Chu Timothy , Chua Alvin , Say Marc , Sybingco Edwin , Roque Maria Antonette
Published: September 2022

Swarming is a rapidly growing idea that is being implemented in UAV applications. Its effectiveness and efficiency in finding solutions or executing the desired task served as the main motivation for this study. Localization techniques are vital for swarm implementation and deployment since it one of the main determining factors in its performance. Vision systems have been widely used for localization; however, it may be costly as it requires multiple appropriate cameras. Another localization technique, which is explored in this research, is radio localization. This localization employs Ultrawide-Band radios to communicate with each other to return a target’s position with respect to several reference points.  The study presents a new collaborative UAV implementation deployed using radio localized systems for harsh or unknown environments. The study used the Loco Positioning System operating on the Time Difference of Arrival protocol to maneuver two UAVs in a workspace. The study determined how well the system can execute the desired flight path and the performance of the system in keeping the set distance between UAVs to avoid possible collisions. Results of the study showed that the proposed implementation was successful in maneuvering the UAVs flying 0.3 m apart.
Optimizing the Role of Urban Open Space in Supporting the Increasing of Public Awareness and Compliance with Health Protocols during the Pandemic
Authors: Hetyorini Hetyorini , Ekawati June
Published: September 2022

The level of the spread of covid-19, which is still high in the city of Semarang, indicates the low level of public awareness in complying with health protocols. The role of urban open space in Semarang City needs to be optimized to support this effort by adding several facilities that did not exist before the pandemic, so that people comply with health protocols, wear masks, wash their hands frequently and maintain physical distance when carrying out their social activities. The aim of this study is to determine how to optimize the role of public open space in supporting efforts to maintain the health of urban communities based on public awareness in complying with health protocols when doing activities. The research was conducted in three open spaces in Semarang, Indonesia, using survey methods and a descriptive qualitative analysis by observing the physical condition of the park, the behavior of the people in doing their activities, and park management officers. The results show that the three locations are now equipped with supporting facilities, but they are less effective in forcing people to remain obedient when doing activities. The level of public awareness and compliance has not met expectations and most of the people are still ignorant. Therefore, there is still a need to add more attractive and more massive facilities and to give more socialisations so that urban open spaces can be safe and healthy locations to visit as well as to play a more optimal role in improving people's physical and mental health during the pandemic
The Needs for Understanding the Fundamentals of Islamic Tourism City from The Shariah Perspective
Authors: Ruzulana Zulaipa , Jamaludin Mohammad Aizat , Aris Anuar Ahmad Nazrin , Musa Fathullah Harun Hanifah
Published: September 2022

Strategic planning and management of the Islamic tourism activities in the city are significant owing to the adherence to any available regulations enforced by the city's local authority.  Since the recognition of the Islamic tourism industry has grown considerably in recent years as part of a new niche segment of the tourism industry; thus, the concept of the Islamic tourism city is still new and vague.  This paper purposely aims to explore the need for understanding the fundamentals of the Islamic tourism city and its features to differentiate it from the conventional tourism city.  This study employs a qualitative research methodology in which the in-text document method was used for the data collection, and the data was subsequently analysed using content analysis until the study's objective was met.  The study has found that the available discussions on the concept of the Islamic tourism city are exhausted, and this could influence the governing process of Islamic tourism city whether it is in line with the Islamic teaching since the previous study less explores the concept.  It is suggested that related parties such as the Islamic tourism planner, the local authorities and the academicians actively establish the concept of an Islamic tourism city because it is a necessity today due to the availability of the Islamic tourism products in the cities.  Likewise, mismanagement could happen if there is no proper management of the Islamic tourism city within the Shariah principles.
Ultra‐low power deep sustained optogenetic excitation of human ventricular cardiomyocytes with red‐shifted opsins: a computational study
Authors: Pyari Gur , Bansal Himanshu , Roy Sukhdev
Published: September 2022

The main challenge in cardiac optogenetics is to have low‐power, high‐fidelity deep excitation of cells with minimal invasiveness and heating. We present a detailed computational study of optogenetic excitation of human ventricular cardiomyocytes (HVCMs) with new ChRmine, bReaChES and CsChrimson red‐shifted opsins to overcome the challenge. Action potentials (APs) in ChRmine‐expressing HVCMs can be triggered at 6 µW mm−2 (10 ms pulse) and 0.7 µW mm−2 (100 ms pulse) at 585 nm, which is two orders of magnitude lower than ChR2(H134R). This enables safe sustained excitation of deeply situated cardiac cells with ChRmine (7.46 mm) and with bReaChES (6.21 mm) with the light source at the pericardium surface. Deeper excitation up to 10.2 mm can be achieved with ChRmine by illuminating at 650 nm. Photostimulation conditions for minimum charge transfer during APs have been determined, which is important for tissue health under sustained excitation. The AP duration for all the opsins is constant up to 100 ms pulse width but increases thereafter. Interestingly, the AP frequency increases with irradiance under continuous illumination, but APs are suppressed at higher irradiances. The optimal range of irradiance for each opsin to excite HVCMs has been determined. Under optimal photostimulation conditions, each opsin can precisely excite APs up to 2.5 Hz, while latency and power of light pulse for each AP in a sequence remain most stable and an order of magnitude lower, respectively, in ChRmine‐expressing HVCMs. The study highlights the importance of ChRmine and bReaChES for resynchronization, termination of ventricular tachycardia and designing optogenetic cardiac pacemakers with enhanced battery life.

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Key points

This work is the formulation of accurate theoretical models of optogenetic control of human ventricular cardiomyocytes (HVCMs) expressed with newly discovered opsins (ChRmine, bReaChES and CsChrimson).

Under continuous illumination, action potentials in each opsin‐expressing HVCMs can only be evoked in a certain range of irradiances.

Action potentials in ChRmine‐expressing HVCMs can be triggered at ultra‐low power (6 µW mm−2 at 10 ms pulse or 0.7 µW mm−2 at 100 ms pulse at 585 nm), which is two to three orders of magnitude lower than reported results.

Ongoing action potentials in ChRmine‐expressing HVCMs can be suppressed by continuous illumination of 585 nm light at 2 µW mm−2.

ChRmine enables sustained excitation due to its faster recovery from the desensitized state.

Optogenetic excitation of deeply situated cardiac cells is possible up to ∼7.46 and 10.2 mm with ChRmine on illuminating the outer surface of pericardium at safe irradiance at 585 nm and 650 nm, respectively.

The study opens up prospects for designing energy‐efficient light‐induced pacemakers, resynchronization and termination of ventricular tachycardia.
Establishment of the Off-Center Embedded Crack Stress Intensity Factor Database for Probabilistic Risk Assessment Based on Universal Weight Function
Authors: Xu Tongge , Ding Shuiting , Zhou Huimin , Li Guo
Published: September 2022

Probabilistic failure risk analysis is frequently used in the airworthiness area, while efficient stress intensity factor (SIF) solutions are vital in its process. Universal weight function (UWF) is a method that has remarkable computational efficiency and high accuracy in SIF calculation. However, the concrete coefficients in the UWF for different geometries remain unknown, which hinders the subsequent application of the method. This article focuses on general off-center embedded cracks. The response surface method is used to construct the UWF database. The accuracy of the database is confirmed by comparing it with existing literature and the finite element method, although large errors are identified to be inevitable for certain stress. Gaussian process regression is further adopted for better fitting, and the R-square is over 0.96. In addition, the effect of the offset distance on SIFs is discussed for embedded cracks in a given plate. Results show that SIF changes are dependent on the plate boundary in the uniform stress field, while stress predominates the SIF changes in nonuniform stress fields.
Comparison of Supercritical CO2 With Water as Geofluid in Geothermal Reservoirs With Numerical Investigation Using Fully Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Geomechanical Model
Authors: Gudala Manojkumar , Govindarajan Suresh Kumar , Yan Bicheng , Sun Shuyu
Published: September 2022

In the present work, fully coupled dynamic thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) model was employed to investigate the advantage and disadvantages of supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) over water as geofluids. Low-temperature zone was found in both SCCO2-enhanced geothermal system (EGS) and water-EGS systems, but spatial expansion is higher in water-EGS. Although, the spatial expansion of SCCO2 into the rock matrix will help in the geo-sequestration, the expansion of stress and strain invaded zones were identified significantly in the vicinity of fracture and injection well. SCCO2-EGS system is giving better thermal breakthrough and geothermal life conditions compared to the water-EGS system. Reservoir flow impedance (RFI) and heat power are examined, and heat power is high in the water-EGS system. Minimum RFI is found in the SCCO2-EGS system at 45 °C and 0.05 m/s. Maximum heat power for SCCO2-EGS was observed at 35 °C, 20 MPa, and 0.15 m/s. Therefore, the developed dynamic THM model is having greater ability to examine the behavior of SCCO2-EGS and water-EGS systems effectively. The variations occur in the rock matrix, and the performance indicators are dependent on the type of fluid, injection/production velocities, initial reservoir pressure, and injection temperature. The advantages of SCCO2-EGS system over the water-EGS system provide a promising result to the geothermal industry as a geofluid.