bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ATIVIDADES SOCIOCULTURAIS E EDUCATIVAS NAS UNIDADES PÚBLICAS DE ATENDIMENTO AO IDOSO NO MUNICÍPIO DE CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES/RJ
Authors: SOARES MARCIA REGINA PACHECO , ISTOE ROSALEE SANTOS CRESPO
Published: September 2023

Este trabalho aborda a estrutura pública de atenção ao idoso para o desenvolvimento de atividades socioculturais e educativas no município de Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ. Tem como objetivo identificar as unidades e analisar a equidade das ofertas de atividades entre as unidades. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de levantamento com abordagem qualitativa. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: um questionário, análise documental e consulta a sites oficiais. Resultados: Os resultados apontam que o município possui nove unidades de atendimento distribuídas entre as áreas urbana e rural. As atividades voltadas à cultura e lazer, expressão artística e de estímulos à memória estão presentes em todas as unidades, enquanto as atividades físicas, educação continuada e tecnológica, e de orientações nutricionais não são oferecidas em grande parte das unidades. Conclusão: Apesar de haver diversas unidades de atenção ao idoso no município não há equidade em relação à oferta de atividades entre elas.
HOW DO SAVINGS AND PERSONAL BUDGETING MATTER ON FINANCIAL LITERACY AND WELL-BEING
Authors: Versal Nataliia , Honchar Ihor , Balytska Mariia , Erastov Vasyl
Published: September 2023

Purpose – the well-being of individuals plays a vital role in fostering sustainable economic development. The differentiation between subjective and objective well-being in selected EU and selected non-EU countries, with a particular focus on financial literacy, as individuals’ assessments of their own well-being can significantly differ from objective economic indicators, emphasizing the subjective nature of well-being. The research objective is to investigate how savings and personal budgeting indicators affect both objective and subjective well-being and to examine the role of these indicators in promoting financial literacy.
Research methodology – the research investigates the impact of savings and personal budgeting indicators on financial literacy (FLI), financial well-being (FWB), and gross domestic product at purchasing power parity per capita (GDP PPP per capita). We applied Pearson’s pairwise correlation between nine indicators of personal budgeting and savings and the method of principal components to identify the reasonable factors according to their statistical significance based on data from 22 countries included in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development/International Network on Financial Education (OECD/INFE) survey data, Global Findex Database. The application of the Varimax procedure made it possible to identify factor groups of indicators.
Findings – we identify two factors for the whole sample and a sample of selected EU-countries; for non-EU-countries were identified three factors. Our research reveals that subjective FWB across all countries and non-EU countries is under the significant influence of factor group 1 mainly represented by savings indicators, with no significance for EU countries. FLI also significantly depends on factor group 1 for the entire sample of countries and across EU and non-EU countries. GDP PPP per capita is under the significant influence of all factors both in the sample of countries and across EU and non-EU countries.
Research limitations – FLI databases started to be gathered relatively recently and are not regularly updated. This can cause a situation when data for different countries are provided with time gaps. Moreover, due to the high cost involved, not all countries conduct such research, which hinders the creation of large datasets for more accurate country comparisons.
Practical implications – the results of this study may have interest for policymakers since they focus on improvement of the financial literacy and FWB of individuals, that results in a higher level of financial stability.
Originality/Value – this research is to address existing gaps in understanding of the interplay between subjective and objective FWB. Also, it proposes a novel approach that views savings as a factor that enhances financial literacy, in contrast to the conventional approach that considers savings as a consequence of improved FWB.
La place de l’esprit dans la nature selon Whitehead
Authors: Gadiou Ulysse
Published: September 2023

Résumé Le rapprochement de Whitehead avec le courant émergentiste, notamment Samuel Alexander, Conwy Lloyd Morgan et Charlie Dunbar Broad, met en lumière l’articulation entre la dimension processuelle de sa philosophie et son effort pour rendre compte du caractère signifiant de l’univers. Pour tous, la philosophie se doit de montrer que ce qui relève de l’esprit appartient pleinement à la nature, et n’a pas à être rejeté dans un non-lieu métaphysique. Mais, chez Whitehead, cet effort prend une tournure différente, impartiale , en décentrant la notion d’« esprit » de la référence exclusive à la mentalité humaine.
L’articulation entre concrescence et transition et sa portée ontologique chez Whitehead
Authors: Vanzago Luca
Published: September 2023

Résumé L’approche processuelle, incomplètement élaborée dans les travaux épistémologiques de Whitehead, nécessite un approfondissement métaphysique, que son extension à toutes les strates de l’univers permettra d’obtenir : le processus est finalement interprété en termes d’expérience. La réalité se présente alors comme un tout en constante évolution, aux parties interconnectées. L’ontologie substantialiste est remplacée par une ontologie relationniste. En résulte un dédoublement de la notion de processus, la concrescence et la transition formant les deux vantaux de l’avancée créatrice de la nature.
Interdiscours, fréquences et cooccurrences dans le rapport Brundtland : enjeux argumentatifs de la définition de développement durable
Authors: Chandelier Marie
Published: September 2023

L’objectif de notre étude est d’identifier les mécanismes linguistiques qui ont façonné la notion de développement durable dans le rapport institutionnel fondateur Notre avenir à tous . Pour cela, nous avons mobilisé les méthodes de l’analyse du discours et de la lexicométrie. Notre travail met en évidence le caractère profondément argumentatif des définitions du développement durable, ainsi que la continuité qui s’établit entre les notions de développement et de développement durable dans le rapport.
« Comment les politiques caviardent leur page Wikipédia en amont des élections ? »
Authors: Planche Victor , Vermeirsche Jeanne , Marrel Guillaume
Published: September 2023

À l’heure de la numérisation croissante de la communication politique, les campagnes pour les élections législatives nous permettent d’observer la manière dont Wikipédia peut constituer un nouvel outil communicationnel pour le personnel politique et ses entourages. Cette contribution questionne donc l’intégration de Wikipédia dans les répertoires de l’action électorale et partisane numérique, et plus précisément les pratiques et usages politiques à l’œuvre sur les notices biographiques des candidats et des représentants dans l’encyclopédie collaborative. Notre étude confirme à la fois l’existence de stratégies de promotions électorales, partisanes et personnelles dans Wikipédia, mais témoigne aussi de la singularité et la fragilité de ces usages, condamnés à la clandestinité dans cet espace numérique incomparable, très différent d’autres plateformes dédiés à la communication politique en ligne.
Le sportif, le politique et le médiatique
Authors: Guéry Valentin , Martinache Igor
Published: September 2023

L’ancien footballeur Vikash Dhorasoo constitue une figure médiatique à bien des égards insaisissable. En dépit d’une carrière sportive le classant parmi les meilleurs joueurs de sa génération, il a toujours fait l’objet d’une relative marginalité en raison de ses prises de parole publiques rompant avec l’injonction à l’apolitisme en vigueur dans le champ sportif et les règles tacites structurant celui-ci. Cela ne l’a pas empêché cependant, au contraire, d’accumuler un certain capital médiatique qu’il s’est ensuite employé à convertir dans différents espaces, non sans contradiction, y compris le champ politique. Cet article propose d’analyser cette trajectoire à la fois pour montrer que la singularité du cas de Vikash Dhorasoo résulte de l’enchevêtrement d’un habitus clivé, forgé par une socialisation au croisement de différents champs (sportif, artistique, journalistique et politique) pendant et après sa carrière, et d’une entreprise de singularisation plus ou moins consciente initiée assez tôt par l’intéressé, mais aussi de mettre en lumière ce que cette trajectoire révèle des normes implicites respectives des champs sportif et politique, et de leurs frontières, ainsi que des rappels à l’ordre que suscite leur transgression.
Le domptage érotique dans la poésie archaïque
Authors: Milan-Heude Johan
Published: September 2023

D’une racine indo-européenne *demh 2 -, contraindre par la force , le grec connaît nombre de formes rattachées à δάμνημι, dompter . L’étude de la construction et de la complémentation du verbe met au jour les forces en présence, leur ambivalence et leurs cadres et moyens d’action (par ex. φιλότης, couche). Sa diathèse éclaire la répartition des rôles : le moyen est réservé aux forces érotiques suprêmes (désir et ses divinités) ; l’actif crée un décalage et souligne un désengagement souhaité ou imposé. La distribution des suffixes participiaux joue aussi un rôle : (ὑπο)δμηθεῖσα marque un domptage définitif au sein d’une geste héroïque ou cosmique, instauratrice d’ordre ; δαμείς valorise les personae qu’il désigne, qui restent dominantes, car leur domptage est temporaire ou de façade. On relève enfin un emploi genré, reflet d’une violence : s’exerçant sur l’homme, la domination est guerrière et héroïque, mais érotique sur la femme. Le désir sexuel est force d’asservissement.
Luxe grec et conquête romaine : le cas de la Grande Grèce
Authors: Simon Mathilde
Published: September 2023

Les historiens romains attribuent souvent la décadence de leur société à l’introduction du luxe grec dans la cité, qui apparaît comme une conséquence de la conquête par Rome de la Grèce et de l’Orient, au milieu du ii e  siècle av. J.-C. Cependant, le premier contact des Romains avec l’art grec et les biens luxueux date de leur entrée en relation avec les cités grecques d’Italie du Sud, célèbres, pour certaines, pour leur opulence. Il est vrai que Rome a vu affluer massivement l’or oriental au moment de la conquête de l’Orient. Néanmoins, une autre raison explique le regard que les Romains portent sur leur propre histoire : la tendance à amoindrir le poids des cités de Grande Grèce et de Sicile dans le récit historique qu’ils construisent.
Les verbes de la mémoire en latin
Authors: Thomas Jean-François
Published: September 2023

Avec les méthodes de l’analyse lexicologique et sémantique, l’étude compare les verbes et fait apparaître des tendances fortes : memini  : « j’ai dans l’esprit (pour m’être souvenu) », commemini  : « j’ai dans ma mémoire ce qu’il faut pour agir », reminiscor « je travaille à retrouver le passé », tandis que recordor exprime l’action de la mémoire sur des souvenirs plus complexes. D’autres verbes lexicalisent le travail que le sujet conduit non avec sa propre mémoire mais sur celle d’autrui. Une distinction s’établit selon que l’activation de la mémoire d’autrui s’opère d’abord par la parole ( memoro, commemoro ) ou par des objets et des situations concrètes ( commoneo, commonefacio ). Le lien entre la mémoire et la parole qu’expriment memorare – commemorare se retrouve dans la commémoration qui ne peut se faire sans prise de parole.
Quelques débats en didactiques autour du concept de forme scolaire
Authors: Reuter Yves
Published: September 2023

Après avoir analysé la complexité du concept de forme scolaire en insistant sur certaines de ses caractéristiques parfois peu évoquées par ceux qui s’en sont emparés, l’auteur centre sa contribution sur les débats que suscite ce concept pour les didactiques notamment autour de l’accent porté sur les contraintes ou les facilitations pour les apprentissages, sur la fonction de transmission des savoirs ou d’assujettissement, sur la scolarisation massive ou sur les multiples mécanismes d’exclusion. Puis il propose une lecture de ce concept qui insiste sur la distinction entre école et forme scolaire ainsi que sur les tensions qui parcourent l’école. Il conclut sa contribution par quelques pistes de travail ouvertes par ce concept : la manière de construire la notion de scolaire, les relations entre didactiques et pédagogies et la sélection-construction des contenus disciplinaires.
L’expérience en(-)quête, entre espaces, temps, savoirs et altérités : une tentative de modélisation de la forme de formation à l’enseignement
Authors: Vanini De Carlo Katja , Volpé Yann
Published: September 2023

Cet article propose de faire travailler le syntagme conceptuel de forme scolaire à l’aune de la formation des enseignant∙es en tant que formation d’adultes. Sur la base de cette transposition, il s’agit d’élaborer une théorisation de l’épistémologie de la formation à l’enseignement, à travers une proposition de modélisation d’une certaine forme formative construite autour d’une certaine relation au temps, une certaine relation à l’espace, une certaine relation aux savoirs ainsi qu’une certaine relation aux autres. Contrairement au concept d’origine, appréhendé dans une perspective sociologique, le modèle proposé donne à voir les dispositifs de formation depuis le prisme des enseignant∙es en formation au travers de la prise en compte de leur expérience au sens de Dewey. Loin de la volonté d’imposer un modèle prescriptif et de bonnes pratiques, il s’agit d’abord de proposer des axes de réflexion pour les ingénieries de formation à l’enseignement.
Le principe d’explicabilité de l’IA et son application dans les organisations
Authors: Vuarin Louis , Steyer Véronique
Published: September 2023

L’Explicabilité de l’Intelligence Artificielle (IA) est citée par la littérature comme un pilier de l’éthique de l’IA. Mais rares sont les études qui explorent sa réalité organisationnelle. Cette étude propose de remédier à ce manque, à travers des interviews d’acteurs en charge de concevoir et déployer des IA au sein de 17 organisations. Nos résultats mettent en lumière la substitution massive de l’explicabilité par la mise en avant d’indicateurs de performance ; la substitution de l’exigence de compréhension par une exigence d’ accountability (rendre des comptes) ; et la place ambiguë des experts métiers au sein des processus de conception, mobilisés pour valider l’apparente cohérence d’algorithmes « boîtes noires » plutôt que pour les ouvrir et les comprendre. Dans la pratique organisationnelle, l’explicabilité apparaît alors comme suffisamment indéfinie pour faire coïncider des injonctions contradictoires. Comparant les prescriptions de la littérature et les pratiques sur le terrain, nous discutons du risque de cristallisation de ces problématiques organisationnelles via la standardisation des outils de gestion utilisés dans le cadre de (ou à la place de) l’effort d’explicabilité des IA.
De la fiction allégorique à la fiction narrative : L’épisode de Cardenio ou la réécriture cervantine de Cárcel de amor de Diego de San Pedro
Authors: Hautcœur Guiomar
Published: September 2023

L’idée que l’époque de la première modernité (XVI e -XVII e siècles) assiste à un déclin de l’allégorie lié au développement de nouvelles formes littéraires parmi lesquelles le roman moderne est un lieu commun de l’histoire littéraire. Cet article a pour but d’apporter une contribution à l’étude du partage fiction allégorique/ fiction romanesque à partir d’un cas de réécriture romanesque fondé sur l’abandon de l’allégorie : l’activité de décodage allégorique et l’expérience immersive romanesque sont illustrées de façon exemplaire par deux textes, Cárcel de amor de Diego de San Pedro (1492), et sa réécriture cervantine, à savoir l’épisode quichottesque de Cardenio et Lucinda.
Dialectique de l’allégorie : le théâtre politique et moral de Ben Jonson
Authors: Thouret Clotilde
Published: September 2023

Cet article analyse l’usage tout à la fois poétique, éthique et politique de l’allégorie dans quatre comédies de Ben Jonson. L’allégorie y est convoquée pour être ensuite mise à distance voire condamnée, puis elle est déplacée et finalement récupérée : pour ménager une place à la satire frappée d’interdiction, pour régler les rapports de la fiction avec le réel en renforçant sa dimension mimétique et son actualité, et pour assurer l’efficacité rhétorique d’un théâtre moral.
Allégorie, fiction et sublime dans la querelle des Anciens et des Modernes
Authors: F. Norman Larry
Published: September 2023

Le rapport trouble entre fiction et allégorie est un des enjeux cruciaux de la Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes. Les défenseurs des modernes (Fontenelle, Perrault, Houdar de la Motte) développent une critique rationaliste de l’allégorie et de sa prétendue obscurité, où le poème épique (et notamment l’ Iliade d’Homère) devient la cible privilégiée. En réponse, les partisans des anciens, et particulièrement Boileau, abandonnent largement une défense d’Homère fondée sur les lectures allégoriques afin de célébrer plutôt la « surface » fictionnelle d’une épopée sans « sens caché », mais néanmoins dotée d’une certaine signification supplémentaire grâce au recours au sublime longinien.
On ne fait pas de bonne (éco)littérature avec de bons sentiments
Authors: Hermetet Anne-Rachel
Published: September 2023

La fiction environnementale contemporaine fournit un large échantillon d’attitudes différentes face aux questions que posent les crises environnementales actuelles, selon que romancières et romanciers entendent expliquer, démontrer, convaincre ou, dans une perspective différente, donner à voir et à ressentir. La diversité des postures et des formes qu’elles suscitent invite à poser la question d’une éthique de la littérature environnementale qui sera abordée à partir d’un ensemble de romans français et états-uniens.
Avec la terre en héritage, ou l’éthique environnementale du roman amérindien contemporain
Authors: Pinçonnat Crystel
Published: September 2023

Afin de déconstruire une lecture stéréotypée faisant des Amérindiens des écologistes de la première heure, cet article s’ouvre sur une approche politique de l’histoire contemporaine des peuples premiers aux États-Unis. Par ce biais, sont mises en perspective des identités autochtones fondées sur le lieu, essentielles pour comprendre l’éthique environnementale que les romanciers amérindiens contemporains ont développée dans leurs récits. Outre le fond de dénonciation caractéristique des premiers textes, sont analysées les relations de codépendance entre humains et non-humains que travaillent de nombreuses intrigues, ainsi que les cérémonies mises en scène, lesquelles visent la réintégration d’un être souffrant dans un environnement tribalisé.
Promouvoir une activité physique régulière chez les patients : l’importance de la perception de l’effort
Authors: Cheval Boris , Boisgontier Matthieu
Published: September 2023

L’activité physique est associée à un large éventail de bénéfices pour la santé. Cependant, de nombreux patients n’atteignent pas les niveaux d’activité physique recommandés. À ce jour, les interventions visant à promouvoir l’activité physique chez les patients s’appuient majoritairement sur les modèles de motivation et de santé qui présentent les processus cognitifs comme un déterminant essentiel des comportements. Cependant, les méta-analyses indiquent que ces interventions sont plus efficaces pour modifier les intentions que pour modifier le comportement lui-même. Il est donc nécessaire de développer des interventions ciblant des mécanismes alternatifs. Dans ce sens, de récentes études ont montré qu’une propension automatique à minimiser l’effort perçu pourrait expliquer l’écart entre l’intention d’être actif physiquement et l’engagement effectif dans l’activité physique. Après une présentation du cadre théorique, cet article explique comment l’intégration de la théorie de la minimisation de l’effort dans la prise en charge des patients peut contribuer à promouvoir leur engagement dans une activité physique régulière. Enfin, des pistes et conseils pratiques sont proposés aux professionnels de la santé et de l’activité physique qui ont pour objectif de promouvoir cet engagement.
« Se bisongno fosse per niuno chaso » : les catastrophes dans les livres de famille florentins (xive‑xve siècles)
Authors: Leclerc Élise
Published: September 2023

L’article entend analyser la façon dont les phénomènes naturels exceptionnels (inondations, séismes, épidémies notamment) sont décrits dans un corpus de 150 livres de ricordanze et de ricordi florentins des xive et xve siècles. La notion de signum — centrale dans les récits de désastres des chroniques de l’époque — paraît nettement moins fonctionnelle dans les livres de famille. Si les différents phénomènes naturels extrêmes se répartissent sur un continuum allant de l’aléa naturel au phénomène signifiant d’origine surnaturelle, cette dernière catégorie est très minoritaire. Les catastrophes du corpus constituent des casi variés dont les scripteurs entendent avant tout rendre compte, afin de fournir à leurs descendants des informations utiles en société, plutôt que des interprétations.
Black Women Faculty Also Matter
Authors: Allie-Turco Portia
Published: September 2023

The upheavals caused by the COVID-19 pandemic continue to affect the lives of faculty across the globe. Inasmuch as the pandemic brought profound levels of anxiety, loss, and turmoil, it also created an opportunity to address ineffective and unjust policies in academia. For Black women academics, reflections on the pandemic do not linger on the realignment, reinvention, and reinvigoration of their professional lives because alignment, invention, and invigoration as fully accepted peers in the academy have never existed for them. Instead, the opportunity now is for Black women faculty to step into a space that has never been fully accessible to them as professionals. The pandemic provided an opportunity to recognize pervasive and systemic inequalities for minoritized individuals and communities that have always been reflected in the academy and to create an environment of inclusion and empowerment for everyone. Reimagining academia as an inclusive environment means intentionally challenging racial stereotypes and promoting spaces where Black women faculty feel included and connected.
Going Beyond the D
Authors: Morin Stacey L.
Published: September 2023

This chapter illustrates how corporations need to go beyond the D in diversity and focus on the E in equity and I for inclusion to prioritize the worker based on the alignment of critical theory. The literature search led to the discovery of critical theory, which was then used to inform a strategic intervention. Diversity is existence of variations of different characteristics in a group of people. Equity is fair treatment, access, and advancement for each person in an organization. Inclusion is an outcome to ensure those who are diverse feel and/or are welcomed. Obstacles in the way of the E and I need to be addressed if organizations truly want to create a robust DEI program for their workers. This chapter examines how scholars and senior leadership will acknowledge inequity and exclusive behavior in their organizations, bringing the awareness of the need to focus on the E and I.
Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections in South Africa
Authors: Peters Remco P.H. , McIntyre James A. , Garrett Nigel , Brink Adrian J. , Celum Connie L. , Bekker Linda-Gail
Published: September 2023

South Africa has a large burden of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with high rates among men who have sex with men (MSM). Randomised controlled trials have recently demonstrated high effectiveness of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for prevention of bacterial STIs in MSM, with 70% – 85% reductions in Chlamydia trachomatis infection and syphilis, and approximately 50% reduction in Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. Doxycycline PEP was not demonstrated to be effective in reducing C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infection among Kenyan cisgender women. Although no worrisome trends in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) were observed in the trials, important concerns remain about doxycycline PEP and AMR development in STIs, other pathogens, commensals, and the microbiome. Tetracycline resistance in N. gonorrhoeae is already widespread in South Africa, but emergence of AMR in other STIs would be concerning. Larger sample sizes of doxycycline PEP users with longer follow-up time are needed to understand the impact that doxycycline PEP may have on AMR at individual and population level. In this opinion article, we weigh the benefits of doxycycline PEP for prevention of bacterial STIs against the existing AMR concerns and data gaps in the South African context. Based on the current evidence, we conclude that it would be reasonable to offer doxycycline PEP to high-risk MSM on a case-by-case basis, provided that it is offered by experienced sexual health clinicians in settings that have access to diagnostic STI testing and ongoing AMR surveillance.
Elimination of lymphatic filariasis: Where do we stand so far?
Authors: Sinha Aashna , Kumar Sudhashekhar , Dayal Deen , Yadav Vaishali , Pramanik Atreyi , Chaubey Kundan Kumar , Kumar Sanjay
Published: September 2023

Lymphatic filariasis (LF), an asymptomatic, acute, and chronic condition in human beings, is the second most common vector-borne disease after malaria. According to the World Health Organization, there are 120 million LF cases detected in 81 tropical and subtropical countries, and one billion people are at risk. Therefore, the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis was launched in 2000, with the primary objective of stopping LF transmission among all at-risk groups using mass drug administration (MDA), managing morbidities, and preventing LF-related impairments using a minimum treatment package. Additionally, other programs such as epidemiological assessment including National Filaria Control Program and World Health Organization recommended routine and pre-MDA microfilaremia surveys also implemented to stop the LF transmission. The routine filaria surveys were also carried out in around 2 000-4 000 individuals/month throughout the year whereas pre-MDA surveys were also conducted every year in approximately 4 000 individuals in four fixed and four random sites. Furthermore, the Transmission Assessment Survey was also conducted to check the risk of LF among primary school children. Moreover, potential diagnostic methods, systematic surveillance regimes, the Direct Network Report system, and regular trainings and awareness may be also effective in preventing the recurrence of LF. Hence, this review emphasizes the potential advocacy tools and various strategies as well as procedures for monitoring, which could be impactful in eliminating LF.
Efficacy and safety of Lianhuaqingwen capsules in high-risk common type COVID-19 pneumonia: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Liu Bin , Li Liang , Liu Lei , Ye Min , Zhang Wei , Zhou Xiangdong , Li Qi
Published: September 2023

Objective:

To evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of Lianhuaqingwen (LHQW) capsules in patients with high-risk common type COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods:

A retrospective multicenter study on 383 high-risk common type COVID-19 pneumonia cases was conducted. Patients were categorized as the standard treatment (SDT) group (n=168) and the LHQW+SDT group (n=215). The primary endpoint was the rate of symptom (fever, fatigue, coughing) recovery and the secondary endpoints included the time to symptom recovery, the proportion of patients with improvement in chest CT images, the proportion of patients with clinical cure, the timing and rate of negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA assay.

Results:

The recovery rate was significantly higher in the LHQW+SDT group as compared with the SDT group (89.7% vs. 72.0%, P<0.01). The combined use of LHQW+SDT also showed shorter time for symptom recovery, as well as shorter time for individual symptom of fever, fatigue and coughing recovery than use of SDT alone. A higher proportion of patients in the LHQW+SDT group with improvements in chest CT images and clinical cure (77.7% vs. 57.1%, P<0.01) but the proportion of patients deteriorating to severe cases (1% vs. 25%, P<0.01) in this group was significant lower than those in the SDT group. No significant difference in negative conversion rate of viral assay results was observed (76.8% vs. 75.0%, P>0.05). No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusions:

LHQW capsules could be recommended to ameliorate clinical symptoms and reduce the rate of deteriorating to severe cases for high-risk common type COVID-19 pneumonia.
The Heart and Brain Connection
Authors: Vicario Augusto , Cerezo Gustavo Hernán
Published: September 2023

The relationship between depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is bidirectional. Depression is a risk factor for developing CVD, and this, together with vascular risk factors (VascRFs), increases vulnerability to precipitate some types of geriatric depression (vascular depression). The particular semiology of depression of vascular origin (polymorphic), the symptoms of the comorbidities (vascular disease and/or risk factors), and those symptoms of old age constitute a challenge for clinical medicine. Although the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth/Fifth Edition do not differentiate between early-onset (young adult) and late-onset depression (older adult), the clinical expression of patients with depression of vascular origin presents its own characteristics as well as a poor response to treatment. Thus, cerebrovascular disease could be considered the link between VascRFs and the clinical expression of mood disorders (vascular depression), creating a challenge not only in its diagnosis but also in its treatment.
Disparities in Health-Related Quality of Life among Adults with Ischemic Heart Disease, Stroke, and Both Conditions
Authors: Jacobs Molly M. , Evans Elizabeth , Ellis Charles
Published: September 2023

Background:

Notable disparities exist in ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke outcomes. Studies have identified several causal factors that contribute to these disparities, but few have assessed the disparate quality of life (QOL) among individuals living with IHD, stroke, or both. This study evaluated the impact of IHD, stroke, and both conditions on health-related QOL (HRQOL) and quantified existing disparities.

Materials and Methods:

Using the data from the 2021 National Health Interview Survey, we calculated the health and activities limitation index — a generic HRQOL measure comprising perceived health and activities limitations — for 29,482 adults. Adjusting for sex, age, income, education, urbanicity, marital status, household size, region of residence, and insurance status, the differences in HRQOL between racial and ethnic groups were estimated as well as racial/ethnic differences in the HRQOL of IHD, stroke, or both conditions.

Results:

Compared to those with neither condition, individuals with IHD (−0.214, Standard Error (SE)=0.015, stroke (−0.291, SE=0.028), and both (−0.438, SE=0.040) had 20% to 44% lower HRQOL. Blacks (−0.014, SE=0.004) and hispanics (−0.012, SE=0.003) had lower HRQOL compared to whites even after sample heterogeneity. Diagnosis with stroke (−0.182, SE=0.082), IHD (−0.137, SE=0.052), or both (−0.208, SE=0.126) lowered the HRQOL more for black individuals compared to white individuals, while other subgroups showed no statistically significant difference in HRQOL. In general, sex, age, and household composition showed little difference in adjusted HRQOL.

Conclusion:

While IHD and stroke are independently associated with significantly low HRQOL, their co-occurrence has a substantially negative impact on HRQOL, particularly among minoritized racial groups.
COVID-19 and the Experience of Mothers in Perinatal Psychiatry Services: An Explorative Study in the UK
Authors: Almas Saima , Kar Nilamadhab , Kennedy Vanathi
Published: September 2023

Background/Objective:

As the health services were reorganized during the COVID-19 restricting access to family caregivers, we explored the experience of women in the perinatal period, attending a specialist perinatal mental health service.

Methods:

Patients (n = 38) in the outpatient list for review were assessed over phone based on a predesigned, semi-structured questionnaire, comprising both quantitative (demographic, clinical variables) and qualitative open-ended questions regarding their experience of services during COVID-19.

Results:

The responses provided insight into how the pandemic affected the experience of pregnancy of mentally ill women and the impact of changes in perinatal mental health services. The main concerns centered around reduced support from close family members during the perinatal period due to the lockdown, anxiety regarding COVID transmission, absence of a supporting persons in antenatal clinics, difficulty accessing support from midwives, and health visitors as well as the use of virtual clinics for mental health consultations.

Conclusions:

The results suggested possible methods of improving perinatal mental health support during challenging times, which included ensuring in-person consultations, access to family even remotely, increasing accessibility through alternative means; providing and close monitoring of additional psychosocial support when needed.
Acute Traumatic Lumbar Hernia: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Hefny Ashraf F. , Al Qemzi Ayesha D. , Hefny Mohamed A. , Almarzooqi Ghaya A. , Al Afari Hmouda S. T. , Elbery Adel I
Published: September 2023

Acute traumatic lumbar hernia (ATLH) is rare in blunt trauma and can be overlooked due to the presence of multiple injuries following the trauma incidence. ATLH is usually found at the time of radiological examination or during surgical exploration. Awareness of the clinicians about the possibility of ATLH can enhance early diagnosis and reduce the occurrence of serious complications including bowel obstruction and strangulation. Herein, we present two cases of ATLH in which one of them was treated conservatively in the acute stage and the other patient was treated surgically. Conservative management can be adopted in the acute stage with the delayed repair of the hernia after resolving the muscles’ contusion. However, early operative intervention is essential if conservative management failed or in the event of acute deterioration of the patient’s condition.
A nationwide survey on the preference of Indian undergraduate medical students to go abroad for higher studies and residency
Authors: Kansal Rohin , Singla Ankur , Bawa Ashvind , Malhotra Kashish , Lalchandan Janvi , Grewal Jasneet , Mehta Madhav , Kaur Navreet , Jain Samarvir , Mondal Himel
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Context:

Getting residency training abroad is a critical motivator in the emigration of Indian medical students. Brain drain is an emerging issue, especially for developing countries as it causes a shortage of trained staff in the donor country.

Aim:

We aimed to survey Indian medical students to know about their intentions to get trained abroad and to understand the factors influencing their decision.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional observational study, we surveyed Indian undergraduate medical students of all professional years, including internship. A validated questionnaire collected data on students’ demographics and educational characteristics, intention to study overseas or stay back in India, and factors influencing their decision.

Results:

Out of a total of 1199 responses (51.1% males, 48.9% females), 45.0% partakers had planned to pursue their residency abroad, while 33.8% wanted to stay in India and 21.2% were undecided. Better lifestyle and higher pay grades overseas were viewed as the most significant barriers to staying back in India and a key influencer in decision-making among the maximum number of students (412; 76.3%). On the other hand, a whopping 58.2% of participants opined that they wanted to stay back in India for taking care of their parents.

Conclusions:

Source countries with better healthcare facilities and better incomes tend to attract medical students. Awareness among medical educators regarding constantly changing curricula, a shift to a competency-based education system, better pay grades, limited working hours, and interventions to mitigate workplace violence could help prevent brain drain among Indian medical students and graduates.
Diabetic muscle infarction: A case report
Authors: Emma C Levine , Sara K Brennan , Gregory P Johnston , Matthew P Gilbert
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Diabetes muscle infarction (DMI) is a rare complication of diabetes in which patients who present with DMI more commonly have some form of kidney disease in addition to diabetes mellitus. DMI typically presents with muscle pain and swelling. Diagnosis typically requires imaging (MRI with gadolinium contrast is the gold standard) and a variety of laboratory studies may aid in the diagnosis. Treatment of DMI varies depending on the severity of the case. In general patients recover quickly, though there is a risk of recurrence. This particular case report is a 36 year old female who presented with right lower extremity pain and chronic kidney disease. Case reports like this are important to highlight DMI as it is likely to become more common as diabetes continues to become more prevalent.
Algorithm-based approach to headache
Authors: Ravan Jayaprakash R. , Pattnaik Jigyansa I. , Samantray Swayanka
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

One of the most commonly encountered scenarios in any healthcare setting is a patient presenting with a headache. Yet, the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of headache disorders can be challenging and burdensome for even specialist doctors in medicine, psychiatry, oto-rhinology, neurology and so on. Apart from saving patient’s and doctor’s time as well as money, this article will buy leading time for better outcome and management of certain difficult headache disorders. The aim of this review is to simplify the approach to headache diagnosis for an early and proper referral. Literature search was done on PubMed and Google Scholar using key words. Only studies which were in English were considered. Sixty-one articles published from 1975 to 2022 were reviewed after screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria. It is very essential that a primary care physician is aware of the classification of headache. Red flag signs of high-risk headaches are essential for proper referral. It is also essential that we rule out secondary headaches as they are more life threatening. Vulnerable populations such as geriatric and paediatric populations require expert attention in case of headache disorders.
The correlation between helicobacter pylori and idiopathic achalasia: A case control study
Authors: Yaseri Hashem F. , Yaseri Amirhossein F.
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Idiopathic achalasia is a common and well-recognized primary esophageal motility disorder with unknown etiology and is characterized by the abnormality of esophageal body peristalsis associated with an impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The aim of this study is to explore the correlation between Helicobacter pylori and idiopathic achalasia.

Methods:

This study was conducted on 700 patients, with dysphagia, regurgitation, and non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP), who met our inclusion criteria. The mean ± SD age was 39.8 ± 11 (13–80 years), and 60% (420) of the participants were female. Of the participants, 108 had idiopathic achalasia and 105 were normal participants who were placed in the case and control groups, respectively. They were enrolled in the study based on high-resolution manometry. H. pylori was confirmed by a histological study. In the biopsy, specimens were taken by esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

Results:

Our results revealed that 71.3% and 45% of the participants were H. Pylori positive in the case and control groups, respectively. The odds ratio (OR) was 3.3 (95% CI: 1.80–5.99, P < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant association between H. Pylori infection and the group classification. The dominant presenting symptoms in achalasia were dysphagia (97.2%) and NCCP (80.5%), but regurgitation (65.7%) was a dominant symptom in the normal participants.

Conclusions and Inferences:

Diverse autoimmune and apoptotic phenomena induced by H. Pylori influence the pathogenesis of idiopathic achalasia, suggesting an underlying link between H. Pylori infection and idiopathic achalasia. This correlation should be confirmed by other clinical and experimental studies.
Study of pre-conception care (PCC) amongst women in the first trimester coming to the obstetrics and gynaecology (OBGY) outpatient department (OPD) of a hospital in a rural area
Authors: Phalke Rucha D. , Patil Riddhi T. , Jain Pawni , Patil Pratikesh S. , Ambekar Harshada G. , Phalke Vaishali D.
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Pre-conception care (PCC) is a set of interventions that aim to identify and modify biomedical, behavioural and social risks to women’s health and pregnancy outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

It was an observational descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the obstetrics and gynaecology (OBGY) outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care teaching institute in a rural set-up. Two hundred women in the first trimester of pregnancy were interviewed using a pre-designed and pretested questionnaire following informed verbal consent. The study was conducted between May and September 2019. The study excluded women in the 2nd or 3rd trimester of pregnancy, inpatient department (IPD) patients and those unwilling to participate.

Results:

The study revealed that 25.5% of the women had conceived between 14 and 19 years of age. Fifty-four percent of the pregnancies were unplanned. Merely 14.5% had consulted and 15% had their laboratory investigations performed before pregnancy. Only 11% had received pre-conception folic acid supplementation. Pregnancies with birth spacing <2 years accounted for 15%. The proportion of women with known risk factors was 38% being underweight, 9.5% being overweight, 8% being of short stature (height ≤145 cm), 63% having anaemia (haemoglobin <12 g/dL), 10% with a previous history of abortion, 3.5% with systemic diseases, 4.5% with poor oral hygiene, 1% with domestic violence, 3% with medication, 3% with tobacco addiction and 4.5% with radiation/environmental toxin exposure. One percent had the hepatitis B vaccine and 0.5% had the influenza vaccine.

Conclusion:

From our study, we conclude that the PCC services are meagre, and unhealthy women who conceive without adequate PCC are prone to maternal and foetal health complications.
How much do we follow birth preparedness? A community-based snapshot study from rural Delhi, India
Authors: Parija Pragyan Paramita , Tiwari Poornima , Sahoo Soumya Swaroop
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Maternal healthcare remains a challenging public health problem in low and middle-income countries like India. The comprehension and services regarding practices related to birth preparedness and its complications in rural areas of India remain poor and underused. In view of this, we conducted this study to explore the preparedness of the pregnant women in the community residing in rural settlements of Delhi.

Methods:

This cross-sectional community-based study was carried out in 165 currently pregnant women selected through proportionate sampling from rural Delhi. A semi-structured questionnaire adapted from Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPCR) tool kit was used. Binary and multivariate regression analysis was applied to identify the predictors of BPCR.

Results:

In our study, BPCR index was found to be 25.78%. Only 17.6% pregnant women were well prepared. Multigravida, literacy, and higher socioeconomic status were found significant predictors for well preparedness for child birth and complication readiness in bivariate analysis. In multivariate logistic regression, multigravida and literacy were found to be predictors for well preparedness.

Conclusion:

The skill and knowledge level of the mother-in-laws and other women along with husband in the family needs to be improved in context of pregnancy and child birth. Frontline health workers can assist the to-be mothers and their family members in informed decision-making for better feto-maternal outcomes.
Advancing the one health approach through integration of Ayush systems: Opportunities and way forward
Authors: Kumar Shobhit , Gopal K. Madan , Choudhary Annu , Soman Athira , Namburi Uday Ravi Sekhar
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

The Ayush systems in India, specifically Ayurveda, have a large pool of infrastructure, human resources, and unique modalities for disease prevention, wellness, and management. These systems have seen significant growth in recent years, with the budget allocation for the Ayush Ministry increasing fourfold from INR 691 crore to INR 3050 crore over the last seven years. The Ayush systems can contribute significantly to the One Health approach, which addresses the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. The current commentary explores the areas of work related to the One Health approach, the potential role of the Ayush system in addressing these existing policies that support the integration of Ayush in the One Health approach, and future perspectives on the role of Ayush in One Health. Ayush systems advocate preventive measures, such as daily and seasonal regimens and the use of rejuvenating herbs and drugs, as well as therapeutic interventions for a range of health issues. Ayurveda also addresses environmental, animal, and plant health issues and promotes the creation of a healthy ecosystem between humans, animals, and the environment. In addition, Ayush can play a role in addressing zoonotic diseases, noncommunicable diseases, antimicrobial resistance, food safety and health of the elderly, children, and environment. To fully utilize the potential of Ayush in the One Health approach, these systems should be integrated into the healthcare infrastructure and network. Furthermore, initiation of collaborative projects, focused research, training and sensitization of Ayush human resources, and promotion of Ayush-based lifestyles and practices are some of the critical steps required to be taken.