bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adoption Intention of Solar Energy as an Alternative Power Source for the Renewable Electricity Generation in Multan Pakistan: The Moderating Role of Social Media
Authors: Khalid Aisha
Published: May 2024

In Pakistan, this study examines the intention to use solar energy as a renewable energy source, focusing on the moderating role of social media. The research has identified key factors influencing consumer intentions and the influence of social media on this process using a decomposed technology acceptance model as well as PLS (SEM). The discoveries show that individuals' standards and their view of buyer viability decidedly affect natural worries and the stimulus for taking on Sunlight based PV innovation. The connection between private standards and purchasing aims is being directed by online entertainment. Consumer attitudes towards the adoption of solar energy are also significantly influenced by acceptance of consequences and a commitment to accountability. The study suggests that addressing consumer concerns through public awareness campaigns and effective warranty mechanisms can bolster confidence in solar technology. Furthermore, policymakers are encouraged to leverage subsidies and tax incentives to promote adoption and foster sustainable energy practices.
Environment, Institutional quality and corruption impact on Trade in Developing Countries
Authors: Ahmad Rashid , Iftikhar Ayesha , Hassan Madiha , Zohaib Umer
Published: May 2024

The objectives of this study are to examine the impact of environment, institutions and corruption on trade in developing countries. For this purpose, the study considers 37 developing countries and data from 1990 to 2021 has been used in this study and it is collected from World Development Indicators and the study has utilized the index for institutions and eight governance indicators developed by World Governance Indicators. Generalized method of moments (GMM) is employed on the panel data for estimation of econometric results. The results conclude that environment and institutions have positive effects on trade while corruption has negative effect on trade in developing countries.
Metodologia de dimensionamento de plantas fotovoltaicas flutuantes em lagos urbanos e reservatórios
Authors: Bezerra Freitas Breno , Ramos de Menezes Caio , Martins Felix Cinthya , Rebouças Jaguaribe Daniel , Porfirio de Assis Dionízio , Elmo Lima Uchoa Filho Francisco , Henrique Mesquita Pinheiro Gabriel , Liberato João Paulo Dias , Damasceno Cysne Karol , Romualdo Guedes Coimbra Kennedy , Rocha Braga Marcelo , José de Macedo Nunes Otacilio , Cesar Marques de Carvalho Paulo
Published: May 2024

Os sistemas fotovoltaicos flutuantes (FVF) em espelhos d’água tem sido cada vez mais utilizadas nos últimos anos. O uso de plantas FVF oferece vantagens, como a instalação em superfícies que normalmente não seriam utilizadas para a produção de eletricidade de forma convencional. Além disso, a evaporação da água pode ser reduzida e a eficiência da conversão FV aumenta devido ao arrefecimento dos módulos. Assim, no presente artigo é analisada a utilização de plantas FVF a nível global e proposta uma metodologia de dimensionamento de centrais FVF em lagos e reservatórios urbanos. Como aplicação da metodologia proposta são selecionados corpos d'água adequados na cidade de Fortaleza, considerando as restrições ambientais e regulatórias associadas; sequencialmente, é avaliada a geração esperada com o uso de módulos de 330 Wp, gerando anualmente 65,4 GWh; esta produção significa 1,4% do consumo anual de eletricidade da cidade em 2021 e 496,7% do consumo das escolas do município em 2023.
The Impact of School Environment on Student Health Behaviors: Insights from Qualitative Interviews
Authors:   National Academy of Public Administration, Vietnam, Long Banh Thang , Hung Vu Thanh ,   National Academy of Public Administration, Vietnam
Published: May 2024

The relationship between the school environment and student health behaviors is increasingly pertinent amidst rising health concerns among youths. This qualitative study, conducted across diverse socioeconomic backgrounds in Vietnam, explores the multifaceted influences of school settings on the health behaviors of students. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions involving students, teachers, parents, and administrators from three schools, each representing urban, suburban, and rural settings. The study identified key factors within schools' physical and social environments that significantly impact health behaviors. These include the availability and condition of physical facilities, the nutritional quality of food offered, peer influences, teacher engagement in health education, and the availability of mental health resources. Socioeconomic factors and cultural attitudes towards health and education also emerged as significant determinants. The findings suggest that improvements in physical resources, enhanced teacher training in health education, standardized healthy food offerings, and greater availability of mental health services are critical for fostering healthier behaviors among students. This study underscores the need for holistic policy interventions tailored to diverse educational settings to promote overall student health.
The Practice of Alternative Education in Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia: Efforts to Educate Human Beings to Be Humanize
Authors:   Departement of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Science, University of Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia, Restuadhi Hendri , Dewi Ratna ,   Departement of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Science, University of Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia, Martono Nanang ,   Departement of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Science, University of Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia
Published: May 2024

Education that is currently developing is threatened with losing its main spirit. Education implemented in the form of tiered formal schools, in its development, has denied the humanitarian goals of education. Formal schools have become institutions like banks where students are bank customers who must comply with applicable regulations and systems. In banking style education, humans are molded into homo-academicus who lose their humanity. Recognizing such a situation, several institutions in Purwokerto offer alternative education which aims to give students the opportunity to develop their personal potential and creativity to become superior human beings and able to become citizens in their community. This research is aimed at revealing a more humane education as practiced by alternative education institutions in Purwokerto. This research was carried out using qualitative research methods. Data and information were collected through in-depth interviews with several volunteers, teachers, facilitators and managers at alternative education institutions in Purwokerto. The results of this research show that there are several ways that alternative educational institutions can prevent the occurrence and development of bank-style education. First, education can be achieved by playing. Through games, students can not only learn happily, but also learn to work together with others and respect others. Second, education can be achieved through open dialogue between volunteers/teachers/facilitators and students. In addition, volunteers/teachers/ facilitators encourage students to help each other and love each other. In this way, learning materials are no longer academic problems but rather common problems that must be addressed as a group. Third, the school environment and the natural environment outside the school are places for students to learn. In this way, students learn to explore nature directly on the material they study. Students also have the opportunity to interact directly with community members who deal with nature in their daily lives. This opportunity can foster students' awareness of local community values and norms.
Effect of Fare Charges on The Operations of Inland Waterways Transport in Lagos State
Authors:   Department of Transport Management, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria., Olayinka Afolayan Isaac , Badmus Olalekan ,   Department of Transport Management, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria., James Babalola Obasanjo ,   Department of Transport Management, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

The study looks at how fare prices affect Lagos State's ferry operations, with a particular emphasis on commuter comfort and the distance traveled. Water transportation offers benefits like cheaper costs, increased capacity, and safety, but its potential has not been completely realized. This is because canal ports have defects that prevent the flexibility and convenience required for the flow of goods and services. The study focuses on the Lagos State Waterways Operations. A small number of carefully chosen canal terminals that link different regions of Lagos State make up the study's population. Purposive sampling was done at the Elegbata/Ebute Ero Terminal, Ebute Ojo Terminal, Ikorodu Terminal, and Badore Terminal. The snowballing technique was used to randomly select 818 passengers. Investigation revealed that daily fee charges have an effect on Lagos State's water transportation operations, and that commuters' comfort level and distance traveled were statistically significant for each of the seven independent components. This analysis showed how daily ticket costs affect the waterways transportation operations in Lagos State. The analysis shows how the low fees actually promote more traffic on Lagos State's waterways, raising the cost of upkeep and lengthening the time needed for servicing. It was recommended that efforts be made to reduce fare prices and provide suitable infrastructure at the ports in order to have efficient inland waterways operations that result in a complete reduction in operational expenses.
Rural Consumers’ Satisfaction towards Payment Banks
Authors:   Assistant Professor of Business Administration, K.M.G. College of Arts & Science, Gudiyattam., Shankar P. Shankar P. , Kamaraj S. Kamaraj S. ,   Assistant Professor of Commerce, K.M.G. College of Arts & Science, Gudiyattam., Saravanan D. Saravanan D. ,   Assistant Professor of Commerce, K.M.G. College of Arts & Science, Gudiyattam.
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The study aims to investigate the satisfaction towards rural payment bank users underpins, namely flexibility, security, trust and rewards on the one hand and satisfaction on the other, as well as the mediation effects of service quality. Methodology:The researcher designed a structured questionnaire for collection of primary data on satisfaction towards rural payment bank users in Tamil Nadu. Convenience sampling method was used. A total of 225 rural customers provided the data for the study. Percentage analysis, multiple regression analysis and One-way analysis were used to measure the satisfaction. Findings: There is a significant influence of demographic variables on satisfaction level of rural payment banks user in Tamil Nadu. The rural payment bank users were satisfied with the services provided by the service provider and its saves time and make them comfort in payment from anywhere to any destination at any time. Realistic Inference: The study shows that the rural payment bank users are satisfied towards the services rendered by payment banks and introducer RBI the bankers’ bank in India.
Legal Protection for Victims of Illegal Investment Fraud Using the Ponzi Scheme in Indonesia
Authors:   Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Putri Rima Eka , Surono Agus ,   Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Bakhtiar Handar Subhandi ,   Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta
Published: May 2024

This study was conducted through the investigation and analysis of additional criminal reasons for rulgi can be applied as an ulpaya perlindungan victim of investment with a ponzi scheme. Also, reviewing and analyzing Hukum Perlindungan for Victims of Investigative Pellnipulan with Ponzi Skema. This research uses a Normative Juridical approach. While the penelitian that is carried out by pelnelliti is the case study (Casel Approach). The results of this study show two things, namely: 1) At present there are only a few regulations that more or less allude to the discussion of ponzi, including: Law No. 7 of 2014 concerning Trade, Law No. 21 of 2008 concerning Sharia Banking, Law No. 19 of 2016 Jo. Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions Government Regulation No. 82 of 2012 concerning the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions. Criminal provisions against investment activities with ponzi / fraudulent schemes are regulated in Article 378 of the Criminal Code and are very closely related to crime and the scope of criminal liability, 2) Compensation as one type of criminal sanction adopted in the new Criminal Code does not provide further explanation about the amount.
Article RETRACTED due to manipulation by the authorsp Differences in Archery Skill Results for Vocational School Students and Beginners Based on Shooting Distance
Authors: Mulyanti Cholimah , Prasetyo Yudik , Sumarjo Sumarjo , Setyawan Hendra , Kurniawan Ari Wibowo , Shidiq Abdul Aziz Purnomo , Eken Özgür , Pavlovic Ratko , Latino Francesca , Tafuri Francesco , Wijanarko Tiok , Rahmatullah Muhammad Imam , Anam Khoiril
Published: May 2024

This research aims to examine differences in archery skill scores for Vocational High School (SMK) students among beginners based on the shooting target distance factors of 5 meters, 10 meters, and accumulated distances of 5 and 10 meters. The sample for this research was 16 male and female students from classes XA, XB and XIA, taken using the cluster random sampling method. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and inferential factorial one-way Anova. One-way anova test results Sig. 0.030 < 0.05 means there is a significant difference in the average of the three students' archery skill score results at a distance of 5 m, a distance of 10 m, and an accumulated distance of 5 and 10 m. First Post Hoc follow-up test Sig value. 0.088 > 0.05, meaning that there is no significant difference between the results of students' archery skills at a shooting distance of 5 m and a shooting distance of 10 m. Post Hoc follow-up test for both Sig values. 0.917 > 0.05, meaning that there is no significant difference in the results of students' archery skills at a shooting distance of 5 m with accumulated shooting distances of 5 and 10 m. Post Hoc follow-up test for the three Sig values. 0.036 > 0.05, meaning that the results of students' archery skills at a shooting distance of 10 m with an accumulated shooting distance of 5 and 10 m have a significant difference. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the average of the three students' archery skill score results at a distance of 5 m, a distance of 10 m, and an accumulated distance of 5 and 10. The findings of this study suggest the design of an archery training program for beginners, including consideration of starting from a shorter distance and gradually increasing the shooting distance, as well as carrying out various training techniques with a combination of exercises at various appropriate distances and giving priority to the consistency of technical movements and body posture. while archery.
Keywords: Differences, Skills Archery, Vocational School Students, Beginners, Shooting Range
ETIKA KOMUNIKASI MAHASISWA TERHADAP DOSEN DALAM INTERAKSI AKADEMIK MELALUI MEDIA DIGITAL
Authors: Sudarto Sudarto
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survey yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran bentuk  etika komunikasi antar mahasiswa dan dosen dalam melakukan interaksi akademik melalui media digital. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu teknik observasi. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan  adalah lembar observasi dan lembar pencatatan harian. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis data deskriptif. Hasil dan kesimpulan: Etika komunikasi mahasiswa dalam media digital  terhadap dosen yang paling buruk adalah “mengirim pesan kepada dosen bahwa dirinya sakit, tetapi tidak ada surat keterangan sakit dari dokter yang dicantumkan”, disusul etika “lambat merespon pesan dosen”.  Selanjutnya, etika komunikasi mahasiswa dalam media digital  terhadap dosen yang paling baik adalah membalas pesan dosen dengan kalimat  “terima kasih, Pak/Bu” atau “Terima kasih, Puang” jika mendapat informasi dari dosen yang ditunjukkan, disusul oleh etika “membalas “Terima kasih kembali, Pak/Bu”  jika dosen mengrimkan pesan berupa ucapan “terima kasih. Secara umum, dapat dikatakan bahwa  prilaku buruk mashasiswa dalam berinteraksi dengan dosen dalam media digital masih memprihatinkan.
Darbo saugos kultūra apskrities greitosios medicinos pagalbos tarnyboje
Authors: Laura Luneckienė  , Olga Riklikienė
Published: May 2024

Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti darbo saugos kultūrą apskrities greitosios medicinos pagalbos tarnyboje slaugos specialistų požiūriu.
Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. 2023–2024 m. vykdytas kiekybinis tyrimas, kuriame dalyvavo skubiosios medicinos pagalbos slaugos specialistai, dirbantys Vilniaus apskrities greitosios medicinos pagalbos tarnybose. Apklausoje naudotas Požiūrio į saugą klausimynas. Užpildytos 139 anketos, iš kurių analizuota 111 anketų. Tyrimui atlikti gautas Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto Bioetikos centro leidimas 2023‑03‑03 Nr. BEC-SL(M)-121. 
Rezultatai. Dauguma Vilniaus apskrities greitosios medicinos pagalbos tarnybų slaugos specialistų darbo saugos kultūrą vertino mažiau nei 75 balais. Tai reiškia, kad svarbūs saugos kultūros aspektai nėra įgyvendinami jų darbo vietoje arba įgyvendinami tik iš dalies. Respondentai aukštesniais balais vertino pasitenkinimą darbu (73,65 balo), vadovų požiūrį į saugą (69,65 balo), darbo sąlygas (69,09 balo); žemiausiais balais tiriamieji vertino streso pripažinimą darbe (63,40 balo). Saugos klimatą, vadovų požiūrį į saugą ir darbo sąlygas dažniau teigiamai vertino ilgesnę darbo patirtį (≥ 16 metų) turintys darbuotojai. Rezultatai atskleidė, kad kuo vyresnis respondentų amžius, tuo streso pripažinimas darbovietėje mažėja, o vadovų požiūris į saugą yra dažniau vertinamas teigiamai. 
Išvados. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad apskrities greitosios medicinos pagalbos įstaigų slaugytojai nėra visiškai patenkinti jų darbo aplinkoje vyraujančia darbo saugos kultūra. Greitosios medicinos pagalbos tarnybose svarbu atkreipti dėmesį į klaidų bei streso pripažinimą, tinkamo saugos klimato formavimą ir komandinį darbą. Respondentų darbo patirties trukmė siejosi su darbo vietos saugos kultūros vertinimu – ilgesnę patirtį turintys darbuotojai buvo labiau patenkinti saugos klimatu, vadovų požiūriu į saugą ir darbo sąlygomis, o darbuotojų amžius turėjo reikšmingą ryšį su streso atpažinimu bei vadovų požiūriu į saugą. Saugos kultūros tobulinimui apskrities greitosios medicinos pagalbos tarnyboje reikalingas didesnis dėmesys, nes daugelis saugos kultūros sričių nesiekia pageidaujamo lygio.
Impact of the European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism - Evidence from India and Other Selected Trading Partners of EU
Authors: Majumder Piyali , Mathur Somya , Pohit Sanjib
Published: May 2024

The European Union (EU) recently introduced the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) with the intention to impose a pricing mechanism on carbon emissions, originating during the production process of emission-intensive products, imported by EU from its non-EU trading partners. However, CBAM is facing a lot of criticism - as an unfair, protectionist measure that threatens the principles of multilateral trading system and has a disproportionately biased impact on the overall welfare of the low-income developing countries. In this context, the paper empirically examines the impact of the European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on its trading partners by using the CGE GTAP-E model. The impact has been assessed across three pathways - export sales of the trading partners, the emission intensity of the products, and the overall impact on the welfare of the European Union's (EU's) trading partners using the GTAP 11 database. The impact varies across countries and sectors. The model estimates indicate that due to the imposition of CBAM, countries with existing domestic carbon pricing mechanism experience marginal increase in welfare with the UK being an exception. Contrastingly, countries with no carbon pricing mechanism will experience a decrease in overall welfare. Countries with a higher share of the EU in their total export basket are affected in terms of their export sales.  India's cement sector export is affected the most due to the imposition of CBAM. However, India's total amount of exports of cement to the EU's market is negligible. India's export of iron and steel to the EU constitutes a larger share but the impact of CBAM is found to be negligible on the same.
 
Received: 14 November 2023 | Revised: 20 April 2024 | Accepted: 08 May 2024 
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
 
Author Contribution Statement
Piyali Majumder: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization. Somya Mathur: Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization. Sanjib Pohit: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Writing - review & editing, Supervision.
Efficient Scheduling of Data Transfers in Multi-tiered Storage
Authors: Noon Nan Noon , Getta Janusz , Xia Tianbing
Published: May 2024

Multi-tiered persistent storage systems integrate many types of persistent storage devices, such as different types of NVMes, SSDs, and HDDs. This integration provides a multi-level view of persistent storage, where each tier has a different data transmission speed and capacity. Data transfer processes operating on multi-tiered persistent storage allow for the parallelisation of data transfers among the partitions of data at the same or different tiers. This work considers the problem of efficient scheduling of parallel data transfers between the tiers of persistent storage. We consider a data processing model where several data transfer processes move or copy data from one tier to another through the buffers in transient memory. We propose a new model for data processing over multi-tiered persistent storage and new algorithms to minimise both the overall time spent on parallel data transfers and the idle time of data transfer processes. We also describe how the scheduling algorithms dynamically apply different procedures to assign data transfers to the processes. Finally, we present the outcomes from the experiments that confirm the correctness and efficiency of the scheduling algorithms.
 
Received: 15 January 2024 | Revised: 5 April 2024 | Accepted: 6 May 2024
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
 
Author Contribution Statement
Nan Noon Noon: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Project administration. Janusz Getta and Tianbing Xia: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring Peralatan Kantor Berbasis Web dengan Metode Extreme Programming
Authors: Khoiri Priswanto , Al Azam Moh. Noor
Published: May 2024

Perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini sangatlah cepat dan memberi perubahan yang cukup besar didunia bisnis. Tentu hal ini tidak lain karena adanya internet yang membantu mempercepat proses pengembangan teknologi dan informasi. Dengan keuntungan adanya internet tersebut maka pengembangan aplikasi pelayanan dan pengelolaan data dibutuhkan untuk membantu para teknisi, admin, dan warehouse. PT. Intidata telematika merupakan perusahaan swasta yang bergerak dibidang Penyedia Jasa Internet, yang mana perusahaan tersebut melakukan inventaris barang masih menggunakan cara manual, sehingga tidak efisien. Dengan adanya masalah seperti itu maka harus disediakan aplikasi monitoring sistem peralatan kantor agar dapat mempermudah dalam proses pengelolaan data. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pengembangan ini ialah dengan melakukan beberapa tahapan seperti: analisa sistem, analisa perancangan sistem dan basis data sehingga mempermudah kegiatan perusahaan, mengolah data, membuat laporan sehingga lebih mudah dan efisien, penyajian informasi yang akurat, relevan dan tepat waktu membuat pihak manjaemen dalam mengambil keputusan.
Laying Performance and Hatchability Rate of True-To-Type Bolinao Native Chicken in ASIST Demo-Site Lagangilang, Abra
Authors: Tadeo Dina B.
Published: May 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate the production performance between Abra and Bolinao, Pangasinan origin of True-to-type Bolinao native chicken under Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology ASIST (demo-site) in Lagangilang, Abra. The study was conducted for eight months from August 2022-March 2023. The average monthly egg production ranges from 7-14 with a mean of 10.27 from group A (Abra origin), while 5-12 eggs per hen in group B (Bolinao origin) with a mean of 8.93, hen-house egg production (HHEP) is higher in group A (34.13%) compared to group B with 29.65%. The average egg mass is quietly higher also in group A (14.54%), compared to group B with 13.10%, however, a significant T-test (0.05)higher egg weight is observed in group B (44.10 grams), compared to group A (42.46 grams), while in feed conversion ratio (FCR), better efficiency is observed in group B (2.72)which is significant at 0.05 level, compared to group A (2.83). In terms of hatchability rate, group A performed better (47.83%), compared to group B with 41.01%, while the weight of chicks upon hatching observed an insignificant result between the two groups with a mean of 27.49grams in group A and 27.09grams in group B respectively
Validation of formaldehyde products from three satellite retrievals (OMI SAO, OMPS-NPP SAO, and OMI BIRA) in the marine atmosphere with four seasons of ATom aircraft observations
Authors: Liao Jin , Wolfe Glenn M. , Kotsakis Alex E. , Nicely Julie M. , St. Clair Jason M. , Hanisco Thomas F. , Gonzalez Abad Gonzalo , Nowlan Caroline R. , Ayazpour Zolal , De Smedt Isabelle , Apel Eric C. , Hornbrook Rebecca S.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Formaldehyde (HCHO) in the atmosphere is an intermediate product from the oxidation of methane and non-methane volatile organic compounds. In remote marine regions, HCHO variability is closely related to atmospheric oxidation capacity and modeled HCHO in these regions is usually added as a global satellite HCHO background. Thus, it is important to understand and validate the levels of satellite HCHO over the remote oceans. Here we intercompare three satellite retrievals of total HCHO columns (OMI-SAO (v004), OMPS-NPP SAO, and OMI BIRA) and validate them against in situ observations from the NASA Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom) mission. All retrievals are correlated with ATom integrated columns over remote oceans, with OMI SAO (v004) showing the best agreement. Three satellite HCHO retrievals and in situ ATom columns all generally captured the spatial and seasonal distributions of HCHO in the remote ocean atmosphere. Retrieval bias varies by latitude and season, but a persistent low bias is found in all products at high latitudes and the general low bias is most severe for the OMI BIRA product. Examination of retrieval components reveals slant column corrections have a larger impact on the retrievals over remote marine regions while AMFs play a smaller role. This study informs that the potential latitude-dependent biases in the retrievals require further investigation for improvement and should be considered when using marine HCHO satellite data, and vertical profiles from in situ instruments are crucial for validating satellite retrievals.
Impact of the Late Miocene Cooling on the loss of coral reefs in the Central Indo-Pacific
Authors: Petrick Benjamin Fredericks , Reuning Lars , Pfeiffer Miriam , Auer Gerald , Schwark Lorenz
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The Late Miocene Cooling (LMC) has been recognized as a global event in the climate record and posited as the start of modern ecosystems. Whereas shifts in modern terrestrial ecosystems around 7.0 – 5.5 Ma occur globally, little is known about changes in aquatic ecosystems. This is especially true of shallow water carbonate ecosystems, such as coral reefs, where few good proxy records exist. A “reef gap” existed during the Pliocene in the area of the Central Indo-Pacific, where reefs that had been present during the Messinian (7 – 5 Ma) drowned by the Early Pliocene (5 – 3 Ma). Here, we present a TEX86H-based sea surface temperature (SST) record for the Coral Sea, suggesting that the LMC was more pronounced than previously thought. During the LMC, the SSTs at ODP Site 811 declined by about 2 °C, and cooling lasted from 7 Ma to possibly as late as 5 Ma. This level of cooling has also been seen in other parts of the Central Indo-Pacific. Previous research showed that coral reefs across the Central Indo-Pacific experienced a major ecosystem change, leading to the collapse of the coral reefs by 5 Ma. This event led to a lack of coral reefs during the Pliocene, an event that has often been described as the “Pliocene reef gap.” The timing of the onset of this event matches the cooling in the records. This suggests that the LMC was a final stressor that provided a regional driver for the collapse of reefs and, therefore, a potential cause for the “Pliocene Coral Gap.” The relatively rapid and intense change in SST and other stressors associated with the cooling caused coral reef systems to collapse across the Central Indo-Pacific.
Southern Ocean control on atmospheric CO2 changes across late-Pliocene Marine Isotope Stage M2
Authors: Hou Suning , Toebrock Leonie , van der Linden Mart , Rothstegge Fleur , Ziegler Martin , Lourens Lucas J. , Bijl Peter K.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. During the Pliocene, atmospheric CO2 concentrations (pCO2) were similar to today’s and global average temperature was ~3 °C higher. However, the relationships and phasing between variability in climate and pCO2 on orbital time scales are not well understood. Specifically, questions remain about the nature of a lag of pCO2 relative to benthic foraminiferal δ18O in the late-Pliocene Marine Isotope Stage M2 (3300 kiloannum ago, ka), which was longer than during the Pleistocene. Here, we present a multi-proxy paleoceanographic reconstruction of the late-Pliocene subantarctic zone, which is today one of the major ocean sinks of atmospheric CO2. New dinoflagellate cyst assemblage data is combined with previously published sea surface temperature reconstructions, to reveal past surface conditions, including latitudinal migrations of the subtropical front (STF) over the late-Pliocene at ODP Site 1168, offshore west Tasmania. We observe strong oceanographic variability at the STF over glacial-interglacial timescales, especially across the M2 (3320–3260 ka). By providing tight and independent age constraints from benthic foraminiferal δ18O, we find that, much more than benthic δ18O or local SST, latitudinal migrations of the STF are tightly coupled to pCO2 variations across the M2. Specifically, a northerly position of the STF during M2 deglaciation coincides with generally low pCO2. We postulate that the efficiency of the Southern Ocean carbon outgassing varied strongly with migrations of the STF, and that is in part accounted for the variability in pCO2 across M2.
Increasing Area and Decreasing Depth: Climate Change Influence on Snow Variations in the Qilian Mountains
Authors: Huang Enwei , Zhu Guofeng , Wang Yuhao , Meng Gaojia , Zhao Ling , Zhang Xuan , Qi Xiaoyu , Wang Qinqin , Jiao Yinying , Liu Jiawei , Lu Siyu , Chen Longhu , Li Rui
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The Qilian Mountains serve as a critical water source for the Yellow River and various inland rivers, playing a pivotal role in regulating the regional climate. Given their significance as one of the foremost water resources in the area, the spatial and temporal dynamics of the snow are crucial for understanding potential impacts on regional hydrology and ecology. This study examines the characteristics of spatial and temporal variations in snow-covered extent (SCE), snow depth (SD), snow-covered days (SCD), snow onset date (SOD), and snow end date (SED) within the Qilian Mountains region. We investigate the hydrological and ecological implications utilizing snow area and phenology data, alongside SD data. The findings indicate that: (1) the distribution of snow across the Qilian Mountains mainly splits between the central and western areas, with the central region showing deeper snow than both the eastern and western parts; (2) the area covered by snow in the Qilian Mountains is growing, but the depth of the snow is on a decline, especially in the central area; (3) in terms of snow phenology, most of the region is witnessing an earlier start of SOD, a longer SCD, and an earlier SED. An overall increase in precipitation is identified as the key factor behind the expanded SCE in the Qilian Mountains, while rising temperatures are pinpointed as the primary cause for the reduction in SD. As global climate change intensifies, the observed alterations in the snow of the Qilian Mountains present emerging challenges for regional water security and ecological equilibrium.
A multivariate statistical framework for mixed populations in compound flood analysis
Authors: Maduwantha Pravin , Wahl Thomas , Santamaria-Aguilar Sara , Jane Robert Andrew , Booth James F. , Kim Hanbeen , Villarini Gabriele
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In coastal regions, compound flooding can arise from a combination of different drivers such as storm surges, high tides, excess river discharge, and rainfall. Compound flood potential is often assessed by quantifying the dependence and joint probabilities of the flood drivers using multivariate models. However, most of these studies assume that all extreme events originate from a single population. This assumption may not be valid for regions where flooding can arise from different generation processes, e.g., tropical cyclones (TCs) and extratropical cyclones (ETCs). Here we present a flexible copula-based statistical framework to assess compound flood potential from multiple flood drivers while explicitly accounting for different storm types. The proposed framework is applied to Gloucester City, New Jersey, and St. Petersburg, Florida as case studies. Our results highlight the importance of characterizing the contributions from TCs and non-TCs separately to avoid potential underestimation of the compound flood potential. In both study regions, TCs modulate the tails of the joint distributions (events with higher return periods) while non-TC events have a strong effect on events with low to moderate joint return periods. We show that relying solely on TCs may be inadequate when estimating compound flood risk in coastal catchments that are also exposed to other storm types. We also assess the impact of non-classified storms that are neither linked to TCs or ETCs in the region (such as locally generated convective rainfall events and remotely forced storm surges). The presented study utilizes historical data and analyzes two populations, but the framework is flexible and can be extended to account for additional storm types (e.g., storms with certain tracks or other characteristics) or can be used with model output data including hindcasts or future projections.
Effect of elevation feedbacks and climate mitigation on future Greenland ice sheet melt
Authors: Feenstra Thirza , Vizcaino Miren , Wouters Bert , Petrini Michele , Sellevold Raymond , Thayer-Calder Katherine
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) stores freshwater equal to more than seven meters of potential sea level rise and strongly interacts with the Arctic, North Atlantic and global climate. Over the last decades, the GrIS has been losing mass and is projected to lose mass at an increasing rate. Interactions between the GrIS and the climate have the potential to amplify or reduce GrIS mass balance responses to ongoing and projected warming. Here, we investigate the impact of ice sheet-climate interactions on the climate and mass balance of the GrIS using the Community Ice Sheet Model version 2 coupled to the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2-CISM2). To this end, we compare two idealized simulations with a nonevolving and evolving ice sheet topography in which we apply an annual 1 % increase in CO2 concentrations until stabilization at four times pre-industrial (PI) CO2 concentrations (4xCO2). By comparing the 1- and 2-way coupled simulations, we find significant changes in atmospheric blocking, precipitation and cloud formation over Greenland as the GrIS topography evolves, acting as negative feedbacks on mass loss. We also find that a uniform temperature lapse rate represents temperature changes in the ablation area, leading to an overestimation of the positive melt-elevation feedback in the 1-way coupled simulation, resulting in an overestimation of mass loss. Furthermore, we analyze an idealized simulation in which we first apply a 4xPI CO2 forcing and thereafter annually reduce atmospheric CO2 by 5 % until PI concentrations are reached. During the 350 year 4xCO2 forcing period, the ice sheet loses a total mass of 1.1 m sea level equivalent, and part of its margins retreat landward. When the PI CO2 concentration is restored, melt decreases rapidly, leading to a small positive surface mass balance. Combined with the strongly reduced ice discharge resulting from the widespread retreat of the ice sheet margin, this results in the halting of GrIS mass loss, despite a remaining global warming of 2 K. The GrIS, Arctic and North Atlantic ocean strongly interact, causing a complex transitional phase towards a colder climate during the century following the CO2 reduction. Elevated atmospheric temperatures, larger ocean heat transport and a deteriorated state of the snowpack, compared to the initial pre-industrial state, result in limited regrowth of the ice sheet under reintroduced PI CO2 conditions.
Assessing Soil and Potential Air Temperature Coupling Using PALM-4U: Implications for Idealized Scenarios
Authors: Glocke Patricia , Holst Christopher Claus , Khan Basit Ali , Benz Susanne Amelie
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Underground heat extremes amplified by e.g., underground infrastructure or badly adjusted geothermal systems have long been discussed in geosciences. However, there is little emphasis on the exchange between these subsurface heat extremes and the atmosphere. To address the issue, this study investigates the impact of varying soil temperatures on potential air temperatures in an idealized domain using the turbulence and building resolving large eddy simulation urban micro-climate model PALM-4U. This involves two steps: first we test if and how idealized domains can be simulated, second the coupling between surface and subsurface energy fluxes or rather temperatures in air and soil are in focus. We develop several scenarios, distinguishing between cyclic or Dirichlet/radiation boundary conditions along the x-axis, between summer and winter, as well as between various land cover types. Our results demonstrate that cyclic boundary conditions induce modifications of the potential air temperatures due to changes in the soil temperature. The magnitude of the impact varies with respect to the tested land covers, which primarily affect absolute temperatures. Daytime and season have a larger influence on the magnitude of the modifications. A 5 K increase in subsurface temperatures at 2 m depth results in a maximum of a 0.38 K increase for near surface potential air temperatures in winter between 09:00 and 10:00 local time after three days of simulation. When soil temperatures are decreased, we find predominantly inverse patterns. The least influence is found during summer at 09:00 local time where the elevated soil temperatures increase potential air temperatures by only 0.02 K over short- and tall grass, and 0.18 K over bare soil. When using Dirichlet/radiation boundary conditions, the atmosphere cannot develop freely and changing soil temperatures do not impact potential air temperatures. These results help to enhance our understanding of the coupling between soil- and atmospheric temperatures and also provide recommendations for the simulability of idealized but reality-oriented scenarios in PALM-4U. It is one of the first studies that demonstrates that heat and cold sources in the soil can affect atmospheric parameters.
Multi-physics ensemble modelling of Arctic tundra snowpack properties
Authors: Woolley Georgina Jean , Rutter Nick , Wake Leanne , Vionnet Vincent , Derksen Chris , Essery Richard , Marsh Philip , Tutton Rosamund , Walker Branden , Lafaysse Matthieu , Pritchard David
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Sophisticated snowpack models such as Crocus and SNOWPACK struggle to properly simulate profiles of density and specific surface area (SSA) within Arctic snowpacks due to an underestimation of wind-induced compaction, misrepresentation of basal vegetation influencing compaction and metamorphism, and omission of water vapour flux transport. To improve the simulation of profiles of density and SSA, parameterisations of snow physical processes that consider the effect of high wind speeds, the presence of basal vegetation and alternate thermal conductivity formulations were implemented into an ensemble version of the Soil, Vegetation and Snow version 2 (SVS2-Crocus) land surface model, creating Arctic SVS2-Crocus. The ensemble versions of default and Arctic SVS2-Crocus were driven with in-situ meteorological data and evaluated using measurements of snowpack properties (SWE, depth, density and SSA) at Trail Valley Creek (TVC), Northwest Territories, Canada over 32-years (1991–2023). Results show that both default and Arctic SVS2-Crocus can simulate the correct magnitude of SWE (RMSE for both ensembles: 55 kg m-2) and snow depth (default RMSE: 0.22 m; Arctic RMSE: 0.18 m) at TVC in comparison to measurements. Wind-induced compaction within Arctic SVS2-Crocus effectively compacts the surface layers of the snowpack, increasing the density, and reducing the RMSE by 41 % (176 kg m-3 to 103 kg m-3). Parameterisations of basal vegetation are less effective in reducing compaction of basal snow layers (default RMSE: 67 kg m-3; Arctic RMSE: 65 kg m-3), reaffirming the need to consider water vapour flux transport for simulation of low-density basal layers. The top 100 ensemble members of Arctic SVS2-Crocus produced lower continuous ranked probability scores (CRPS) than default SVS2-Crocus when simulating snow density profiles. The top performing members of the Arctic SVS2-Crocus ensemble featured modifications that raise wind speeds to increase compaction in snow surface layers and prevent snowdrift and increase viscosity in basal layers. Selecting these process representations in Arctic SVS2-Crocus will improve simulation of snow density profiles, which is crucial for many applications.
Geophysical downhole logging analysis within the shallow depth ICDP STAR drilling project (Central Italy)
Authors: Montone Paola , Pierdominici Simona , Mariucci Maria Teresa , Mirabella Francesco , Urbani Marco , Akimbekova Assel , Chiaraluce Lauro , Johnson Wade , Barchi Massimiliano Rinaldo
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The ICDP STAR drilling project aims to study the seismic and aseismic fault slip behaviour of the active low-angle Alto Tiberina normal Fault (ATF) in the Northern Apennines, Central Italy, drilling and instrumenting six shallow boreholes with seismometers and strainmeters. During the STAR field work, a geophysical downhole logging campaign was carried on defining the optimal target depth for instrument deployment and formation rock characterization. In particular, the main objectives of this study were to define in situ physical properties of the rocks and the tectonic discontinuity geometry along the boreholes. The downhole logging data provide new findings and knowledge especially with regards to the physical properties such as resistivity, gamma ray and wave velocity. The collected parameters were compared to the results of literature data collected in similar lithologies, as well as with the results of logging performed in deeper wells drilled for commercial purposes. The physical properties of the Mesozoic-Early Tertiary calcareous formations show low Gamma Ray values and high compressional (Vp) and shear wave (Vs) velocities (up to 5.3 km/s and 2.9 km/s, respectively), whereas the overlying clay-rich Late Tertiary formations exhibit high Gamma Ray and low resistivity and relatively low Vp and Vs values (up to 3.5 km/s and 2.0 km/s, respectively). The results obtained from the analysis of the orientations of the tectonic structures, measured along the six boreholes, show a good agreement with the orientations of the present-day extensional stress field, NE-SW oriented. Our study allowed to bridge the gap between the physical properties obtained from literature data and those obtained from the deep wells measurements, representing a possible case history for future projects. These new data will contribute to the advancement of knowledge of the physical properties of the rocks at shallow depths, typically overlooked.
The return to 1980 stratospheric halogen levels: A moving target in ozone assessments from 2006 to 2022
Authors: Lickley Megan , Daniel John S. , McBride Laura A. , Salawitch Ross J. , Velders Guus
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The international scientific assessment of ozone depletion is prepared every four years to support decisions made by the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. In each assessment an outlook of ozone recovery time is provided. The year when equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC) returns to the level found in 1980 is an important metric for the recovery of the ozone layer. Over the past five assessments, the expected date for the return of EESC to the 1980 level, for mid-latitudes, has been delayed, from year 2049 in the 2006 assessment to 2066 in the 2022 assessment, which represents a delay of 17 years over a 16-year assessment period. Here, we quantify the primary drivers that have delayed the expected EESC recovery date between each of these assessments. We find that by using identical EESC formulations the delay between the 2006 and 2022 assessment’s expected return of EESC to 1980 levels is shortened to 12.6 years. Of this delay, bank calculation methods account for ~4 years, changes in the assumed atmospheric lifetime for certain ODSs account for ~3.5 years, an under-estimate of the emission of CCl4 accounts for ~3 years, and updated historical mole fraction estimates of ODSs account for ~1 year. Since some of the underlying causes of these delays are amenable to future controls (e.g. capture of ODSs from banks and limitations on future feedstock emissions), it is important to understand the reasons for the delays in expected recovery date of stratospheric halogens.