bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MELAKUKAN SHOLAT SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Syawaluddin Fauzi Ahmad , Siregar Jailani Syahputra , Megawati Betti , Samsir Samsir
Published: July 2021

The research aims to see how the influence of developing interactive multimedia-based learning media is to improve the ability to pray. The focus of research for fourth-grade students at SD Negeri 115525 Sigambal. The material to be packaged is the primary material and the core of learning to pray. The packaged components are sound audio, visualization of images, videos, animations, and sentences or text. The teaching media section consists of introductions, media information assistance, teaching materials, assignments, and exam questions. The media is equipped with a button that makes the media move between the sheets of teaching media. Research methods R&D or Research and Development. Field test with the Guttman Scale for smooth scoring. The Guttman scale will generate action with a definite value, divided into two choices, yes or no. The effect of developing interactive multimedia-based learning media can improve the ability to pray for fourth-grade students at SD Negeri 115525 Sigambal has been recognized as eligible to be a teaching medium for grade four elementary school students at SD Negeri 115525 Sigambal
Традиция «салов и сери» и судьба Закарии
Authors: Ази Е
Published: July 2021

Одна из традиций, которая свойственна только казахскому народу, это – традиция «сал-сери». Откуда исходят корни этого подлинного исскуства, которое получило особо яркое проявление в середине XIX века? Какой вклад внесли в традицию степи именовавшиеся салами и сери мастера, которые придавали особый облик культуре кочевого народа? Цель настоящей статьи состоит в том, чтобы, принимая во внимание мнения наших ведущих ученых, глубже изучить таинственный мир салов и сери. В Западном регионе Казахстана насчитывалось немало мастеров этого жанра. Одним из них был Закария Сагындыкулы, чья личность изучена нами с точки зрения качеств, присущих сери.Кроме того, были рассмотрены названия казахских универсальных мастеров «сал» и «сери», и особенности этого проявления и причины наследования этой традиции на протяжении веков.
A MODERN VIEW OF THE OF THE CAESAREAN SECTION (REVIEW)
Authors: ZHANAIDAROVA G , SYZDYKOVA A , NAURYZOV N , DUBOVSKAYA E
Published: July 2021

The problem of caesarean section has medical and economic aspects, is relevant and widely discussed in the literature. In the modern world, caesarean section in frequency of execution surpasse all other abdominal operations. The review considers the reasons for the increase in the frequency of  caesarean section and the possibility of reducing these indicators. The methods of anesthesia during caesarean section, the moments of pharmaceutical perioperative support, issues of complications in the postoperative period are described. Examples of successful abdominal delivery with a combined other pathology are given.
EVALUATION OF COST-BENEFITS OF OYSTER MUSHROOM PRODUCTION USING INNOVATIVE WATER HYACINTH SUBSTRATE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SME, KENYA
Authors: Nelima M , Nyakundi A , Achoka J
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The study did an evaluation of cost-benefits of oyster mushroom production using innovative water hyacinth substrate for sustainable development of Sme, Kenya.

Methodology: The study employed the Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA) technique for the evaluation

Findings: Oyster mushroom is edible and belongs to fungi Kingdom and can play a key role in economic development of a country. It can also contribute immensely to human wellness through enhancement of body immune system when consumed regularly.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy There is need to evaluate the Cost-Benefits of Oyster Mushroom Production Using Innovative Water Hyacinth Substrate for Sustainable Development of SMEs in Kenya. Objectives include determination of economic Net present Value (ENPV) and determination of Economic Benefit-Cost Ratio (EBCR). The significance of this study include control of Corona Virus (COVID-19) pandemic disease, poverty reduction, reduction of unemployment crisis and enhancement of sustainable business opportunity for SME.
Effect of ATP and molsidomine combination on contractile function of isolated adult and old rat hearts during adequate coronary perfusion, at ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Bezrukov Vladislav , Kuprush Liana , Sykalo Nina , Panteleymonova Tetyana , Sharabura Ludmila , Olar Vitaliy
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Pathology of the cardiovascular system occupies a major place in the structure of diseases of the elderly and old patients. Metabolic disturbances are very important in ischemic damages of myocardium in the elderly and old people. So, drugі with metabolic mechanism of action is very ppromising in the treatment of elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases. The relevance of this study is determined by the feasibility of using drugs of metabolic action, which have a beneficial effect on the metabolism of cardiomyocytes, improve blood supply to the myocardium, increase its contractile function. The effect of ATP-molsidomine combination on myocardial contractility in different age animals was stuiesy in vitro experiments. The experiments on the isolated hearts from adult and old rats have shown that combined use of ATP and molsidomine did not significantly affect the contractility of the isolated hearts of adult rats under different perfusion regimes. In old rats, the use of ATP-molsidomine combination had a positive effect on the contractile function of the myocardium under the influence of damaging factors (ischemia, reperfusion): prevented a decrease of left ventricular developing pressure and its first derivative (velocity of pressure rise and velocity of pressure decline) and accelerated its growth during reperfusion. Co-administration of ATP and molsidomine during ischemia had a positive effect on the heart rhythm and restored heart rate at the reperfusion period in adult and old rats. The results of the study indicate a positive effect of the ATP-molsidomine combination on the myocardial contractility in old rats. Combined use of ATP and molsidomine exerted a favourable influence on the heart rhythm under damaging factors both in the adult and old animals.
Key words: ATP; molsidomine; isolated rat heart; myocardial contractility; ageing
Cirugía de salvamento en un caso de condrosarcoma de rodilla
Authors: Peredo Lazarte Andrés , Rivera Alarcon Mario German
Published: July 2021

El siguiente caso, se trata de una paciente de sexo femenino que acude a consulta de traumatología por dolor de rodilla y dificultad para deambular, sin antecedente de trauma. En la radiografía anteroposterior y lateral se evidencia múltiples áreas radiolúcidas y escleróticas en meseta tibial y fémur distal derecho. La biopsia reporta: Condrosarcoma indiferenciado Grado 2. Se inicia sesiones de quimioterapia profiláctica y se planifica la cirugía de salvamento, esto ante la negativa de la paciente para aceptar la cirugía de amputación. La cirugía de reconstrucción se realizó mediante la colocación de una prótesis semiconstreñida tipo Endo Model cementada. En el posoperatorio se realizó controles y curaciones semanales, con buena cicatrización de la herida, y posteriormente rehabilitación por fisioterapia. Actualmente la paciente puede deambular con apoyo y casi de manera independiente.
Terapia Respiratoria para pacientes COVID-19 con enfermedad activa
Authors: Pablo Jaldín Juan , Peña Mauricio , Téllez Fátima
Published: July 2021

El drenaje postural implica una combinación de técnicas, que incluyen múltiples posiciones para drenar los pulmones, percusión, vibración, respiración profunda y tos. La fisioterapia de tórax, que incluye técnicas de drenaje postural y percusión, permite que la gravedad elimine la acumulación de moco en los pulmones en pacientes con COVID-19 con dificultad respiratoria. Estas técnicas también ayudan a abrir ambas vías respiratorias y a llevar más oxígeno a los sacos de aire y a mejorar la circulación a los pulmones.
Influencia de la pandemia del COVID-19 en la salud mental de los trabajadores en salud
Authors: Villca Villegas Jose Luis , Moreno Choque Rocio Aracely
Published: July 2021

La pandemia de COVID-19 ha debilitado la salud mental de la población, el personal sanitario es un grupo afectado, hecho importante considerando que son los integrantes principales frente al mayor reto que el mundo moderno ha enfrentado hasta el momento en lo referido a enfermedades infectocontagiosas. La enfermedad COVID-19 ha producido en el personal de salud ansiedad, depresión, nerviosismo, desvelo, entre otros; siendo estos síntomas resultados del estrés, turnos prolongados, excesiva carga de trabajo, capacitación inadecuada y equipo de protección personal escaso, haciéndolos propensos a desarrollar trastornos tales como el Síndrome de Burnout o Síndrome de estrés postraumático. La salud mental es fundamental para la salud pública, ya que el estado anímico del personal de salud es un determinante indirecto de la calidad de atención y salud del paciente; por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue el de realizar una revisión bibliográfica que analice la salud mental de los trabajadores de salud frente a la pandemia del COVID-19.
Resección laparoscópica de mielolipoma suprarrenal gigante
Authors: Vargas Rocha Vladimir Erik , Segales Rojas Patricia , Vargas Rocha Brian E.
Published: July 2021

Los mielolipomas suprarrenales son neoplasias suprarrenales benignas compuestas como su nombre lo indica, por tejido adiposo y tejido hematopoyético. Comprenden entre  6 - 16% de los incidentalomas suprarrenales, El tamaño de estos tumores es variable, desde unos pocos milímetros hasta > 10 cm, es entonces cuando se denominan adrenomielolipomas gigantes. Los síntomas de presentación más comunes son: Dolor abdominal: 22,5%, dolor en hipocondrio: 13,9%, dolor en el flanco: 13,9%, masa abdominal: 5,2%, y en raras ocasiones, disnea, dolor en espalda, fiebre, pérdida de peso y virilización. Presentación del caso: paciente masculino de 61 años de edad, con presencia de tumor de 15 x 12 cm, dependiente de glándula suprarrenal derecha, que comprime polo superior de riñón derecho, de -20 UH, compatible con mielolipoma suprarrenal derecho gigante, hallazgos incidentales, durante protocolo de estudio por crecimiento prostático, se realiza procedimiento de resección de tumor suprarrenal por abordaje laparoscópico, con excelentes resultados clínicos, sangrado mínimo y recuperación inmediata. Conclusión: el mielolipoma suprarrenal es un tumor benigno que se diagnostica en la mayoría de los casos de manera incidental, se sabe que clínicamente es no funcional, aunque siempre se deben de hacer estudios hormonales preoperatorios. El tratamiento de los mielolipomas suprarrenales, depende de cada caso clínico, siendo una recomendación el tratamiento quirúrgico de los tumores grandes >5 cm, sugerimos que se pueda optar por el abordaje laparoscópico, por ser el menos invasivo y con menor tasa de complicaciones, además de la recuperación pronta del paciente.
Acerca de Lineamientos en tuberculosis y pueblos indígenas
Authors: Volz Galvez Anna
Published: July 2021

La Tuberculosis (TB) sigue siendo un flagelo para la humanidad, a nivel mundial se estima que 10 millones (8,9-11,0 millones) de personas enfermaron de TB en 2019 y 1,2 millones (1,1– 1,3 millones) de personas VIH negativas con un adicional de 208 000 personas con VIH (177 000 a 242 000) murieron por esta causa en 2019. La TB es una enfermedad de la pobreza, y la angustia, la vulnerabilidad, la marginación, el estigma y la discriminación a menudo se enfrentan a las personas afectadas por esta enfermedad. En este contexto la Organización Panamericana de la Salud público en 2020 los Lineamientos para la prevención y el control de la tuberculosis en los pueblos indígenas de la Región de las Américas, el cual muestra la grave situación de la epidemia de tuberculosis (TB) entre los pueblos indígenas, con incidencias estimadas de TB de 2 hasta 10 veces más entre indígenas que las presentadas en la población general de los mismos países.
Manejo anestésico en paciente obstétrica con taponamiento cardíaco
Authors: Alegre Andrade Patricia
Published: July 2021

El taponamiento cardiaco es la acumulación de líquido dentro del saco pericárdico, lo que conlleva a un aumento de la presión intrapericardica, permitiendo el deterioro de la capacidad del corazón para llenarse y actuar como bomba. Entre sus causas tenemos a la tuberculosis, las colagenopatías, y el cáncer. En el embarazo se pueden enmascarar los signos y síntomas del taponamiento cardiaco por los cambios fisiológicos propios del embarazo. El Gold estándar para su detección es la ecocardiografía. El tratamiento del taponamiento cardiaco es la pericardiocentesis o el drenaje quirúrgico. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 26 años con: embarazo de 32,6 semanas, trabajo de parto pretérmino, taponamiento cardiaco y post pericardiocentesis de 2 horas, para culminación de embarazo. El manejo anestésico es complejo tanto para la madre y el recién nacido, basándose en mantener estabilidad hemodinámica y posterior traslado a unidad de terapia intensiva.
PRODUCTOS ELABORADOS CON VERDOLAGA (PORTULACA OLERACEA L.): VALORACIÓN NUTRICIONAL, CONOCIMIENTO, CARACTERÍSTICAS ORGANOLÉPTICAS, ACEPTABILIDAD Y SATISFACCIÓN
Authors:   Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino (UNSTA), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina, Rodríguez Vieyra Felicitas María del Rosario , Novotny Núñez Ivanna , Nader Macías María Elena Fátima
Published: July 2021

Introduction: portulaca oleracea, known as purslane (verdolaga), culturally considered an undergrowth, has multiple beneficial properties allowing to be used as a food, due to its easy access and low cost. There are not many studies on the subject. Objectives: the objective of present work was to prepare food products using purslane as raw material, with adequate organoleptic characteristics. To calculate their nutritional value and to determine the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) percentage they cover. Also, to identify the level of knowledge that a certain population has about purslane and its nutritional properties, and to define the organoleptic characteristics of the foods elaborated, evaluating the degree of acceptability and satisfaction in the population under study. Materials and methods: the study was descriptive, nonexperimental and experimental (pre-experiment), cross-sectional. Three preparations with purslane were elaborated and subjected to tasting: soup (S), omelette (O) and salad (E). Results: tthe caloric value per serving of the preparations was S: 24.2 kcal/200 g; O: 129.2 Kcal/200 g, and E: 116.16 kcal/150 g. The percentages of RDA covered by a serving of each food were: S: 1.21% kcal, 1.31% carbohydrates, 1.96% proteins, 0.54% fats; T: 6.43% kcal, 3.48% carbohydrates, 9.54% proteins, 11.81% fats, and E: 5.8% kcal, 5.06% carbohydrates, 4.28% proteins and 8.6% fats. The values were calculated on referred to the recommended daily intake (RDI), which are: 2,000 kcal, 300 g carbohydrates, 75 g proteins y 55 g fats, defined to a group of adult women and men between 18 and 60 years old. The sample included 50 people with 42 years average age, 58% female and 42%male, 40% with secondary studies, 34% university (N=17), 18% tertiary (N=9) and 8% primary. 76% of the participants presented a low knowledge about purslane and its nutritional properties. The preparations were satisfactory for 82% of the participants and accepted by 90%. Conclusions: due to the suggested nutritional properties and its versatility for its incorporation in various recipes, purslane can be indicated as an excellent alternative for human consumption.
First report of Berkeleyomyces basicola (synonymous: Thielaviopsis basicola) on roots of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) in Argentina
Authors: Martino Julia A. , Di Feo Liliana del Valle , Paccioretti Mauro , Contardi Clara Adriana , Sanchez Miguel A. , Ortega Leandro I. , Pastor Silvina E.
Published: July 2021

Symptomatic sweet potato cv Arapey INIA samples were collected from a commercial production field in Colonia Molina, Guaymallén department, Mendoza province, Argentina. They showed dark rounded lesions, sometimes coalescing with white granular mycelium. Fungus was obtained from symptomatic sweet potatoes, which represented the generalized infection that affected the crop. They were seeded in PDA with streptomycin sulfate and incubated for seven days at 21°C, alternating white/black (UV400nm) light. Observations with an optical microscope revealed the presence of hyaline, not septated, cylindrical endoconidia with rounded ends. They were 8-16 μm length and 4–6 μm width. Phialides were 43-46 μm length, rounded bases (7-9 μm width) and tapering to the neck´s tip (4-6 μm width). Brown chlamydospores (aleuriospores), 9-13 μm length and 8-12 μm width, in chains of 2-8 spores were observed. For molecular identification, total genomic DNA was extracted. ITS fragment of 565 pb was amplified using ITS5/ITS4 primers and sequenced. The sequence indicated 99% identity with Berkeleyomyces basicola (synonymous: Thielaviopsis basicola). This was deposited in GenBank as (KX580957) (CBS: C430.74, Gen Bank accession number AF275482.1). This is the first report of B. basicola in sweet potato in Argentina, a potential threat to storage root yields.
Highlights:

Sweet potato black root rot, new disease in Argentina.
First report of Berkeleyomyces basicola  causing black root rot on sweet potato in Mendoza, Argentina.
Horizontaal toezicht in de zorg: het belang van interne beheersing en vertrouwen
Authors: van Neerbos Lisa , van de Ven Arco
Published: July 2021

Vijf ziekenhuizen zijn in 2017 of 2018 overgegaan op Horizontaal Toezicht. In dit onderzoek is onderzocht hoe de samenwerkingsrelatie omtrent Horizontaal Toezicht tussen het ziekenhuis en de representerende zorgverzekeraar eruitziet. De samenwerking is geanalyseerd aan de hand van de factoren van een veelbelovende samenwerking (Mattessich and Johnson 2018). Uit het onderzoek blijkt dat er gedeelde positieve effecten en negatieve effecten van Horizontaal Toezicht door zorgverzekeraars en ziekenhuizen worden gesignaleerd. Daarnaast komen in het onderzoek ook verschillen in de samenwerkingsrelatie naar voren, waarbij de mate van vertrouwen is gekoppeld aan de mate van beheersing. Naast een positieve ontwikkeling van vertrouwen in de relatie op de interne beheersing laat het onderzoek ook zien dat er sprake kan zijn van een negatieve spiraal tussen vertrouwen en beheersing.
Solar Tree – A Sustainable Energy Approach for Farmers
Authors:   Department of Physics, SSNC, University of Delhi, Alipur, Delhi, India., Kumar Mukesh , Rana Lokesh ,   Physics Department, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India., Pattnaik Amruta ,   Assistant Professor(EEE), ADGITM ,Delhi -110053, India.
Published: July 2021

The energy-producing similarity between the photoelectric effect and photosynthesis makes them more important for humans and has a large environmental impact potential. Sunlight is common in both and its longevity makes them an important solution tool for many human issues. The energy need is one of the important ones. The various researches are going on such sunlight energy conversions, various techniques like Photo Voltaic (PV), Solar Thermal (ST), Solar Photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) conversion are proposed. Researchers are also not able to achieve 100 % accuracy due to optical loss, thermal loss Recombination, Spectrum losses, and Impedance matching. Despite all these, it is found solar energy is a sustainable energy solution with the highest input capital, but with long durability, lower operational cost, and maintenance. The idea of the solar flexible trees is fit for meeting farmers’ energy demands as well as makes them energy producers. This not only creates another source of income for them but also helps in farming. Besides suggesting, this work also addresses the difficulties engaged with this design model and also proposes future research scope. The tighter coupling of land use and management and energy generator ensure us for farmer’s sustainable energy solution.
Design and Evaluation of Press Coated Formulation of Aceclofenac and Comparison with Marketed Preparations.
Authors:   School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Tirth Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India., S.B. Mr. Jadhav , S.J. Dr. Wadher ,   School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Tirth Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India., P.S. Dr. Kawtikwar ,   S.N. Institute of Pharmacy, Pusad, Maharashtra, India.
Published: July 2021

The primary objective of the studies is to investigate whether compression coating could be used to produce tablets providing maximum drug plasma concentration 6 to 8 hours after an evening dose taken at approximately 22:00. Fast Dispersible core tablets containing Aceclofenac were prepared using super disintegrants like Ac-Di-Sol, Crospovidone, and Sodium starch glycolate through wet granulation method and evaluated for various parameters. Prepared press-coated tablets were characterized for physical parameters, drug content, lag time, in vitro drug release characteristics. Aceclofenac formulation tablets of batch F4 containing combination Methocel K4M and Methocel K100M showed desired lag time along with drug release as compared to other formulations. The Comparative dissolution study of an optimized formulation containing Aceclofenac was carried with marketed preparations also showed good results.
Nghiên cứu lý thuyết phản ứng methane hóa CO2 trên xúc tác Ni5/AC bằng phương pháp phiếm hàm mật độ. Phần I: Giai đoạn hấp phụ và hoạt hóa
Authors: Van Hue , Phung Lan , Nguyen Ha , Le Cam , Nguyen Ha
Published: July 2021

The adsorption and activation processes of CO2 and H2 on Ni5 catalyst supported on activated carbon (Ni5/AC) were investigated by using density functional theory at GGA-PBE/DZP level of theory and climbing image – nudged elastic band (CI-NEB) method. The adsorption energy, charges on atoms, bond orders and geometry parameters were calculated and analyzed. The most favourable adsorption configurations were determined. The results show that H2 and CO2 are chemically adsorbed on Ni5/AC. The adsorption process does not involved a transition state. CO2 is strongly activated on Ni5/AC system.
Preparation of a new ionic liquid from cococnut oil for friction-reducing additive for lubricant
Authors: Bui Thuy , Truong Tu , Nguyen Phuong
Published: July 2021

A new ionic liquid triethylammonium carboxylate [(C2H5)3NH][RCOO] (where R is fatty acid groups of coconut oil) was synthesized from fatty acid of coconut oil and triethyl amine. Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized from graphite via modified Hummers method then was reduced to form reduced graphene oxide. The products were characterized and confirmed by FT-IR, XRD and NMR analysis. Friction-reducing additives was prepared from by dispersed reduced graphene oxide in [(C2H5)3NH][RCOO] (0.1%). Friction-reducing properties of materials were measured by GOST P56946-2016 (equivalent to ISO 13500:2008). The results show that using graphene and liquid triethylammonium hydrogen carboxylate lead to increase in the friction-reducing property of based oil in drilling fluid and mixture of them showed highest capacity of increasing the friction-reducing property of drilling fluid.
Spatial behaviour of Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret) on ‘Hass’ avocado in Estado de Mexico
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Martínez-Martínez Nancy , Ramírez-Dávila José Francisco ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Mejía-Carranza Jaime ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Vera-Noguez Sara ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Avocado exports have been affected by the presence of Hemiberlesia lataniae, the main damage is aesthetic and undermines fruit quality. Objective: To determine the spatial distribution of Hemiberlesia lataniae in a ‘Hass’ avocado crop in Estado de Mexico. Methodology: The experiment was developed in three avocado growing areas (Coatepec Harinas, Donato Guerra and Ixtapan del Oro). Sampling was carried out using the quadrat methodology, a total of 400 trees were sampled per zone from August 2019 to July 2020. The trees were divided into three strata (high, medium and low), and a terminal branch from each cardinal point was marked. Each tree was marked and georeferenced with a differential GPS. Results: A total of 24 samples per zone were generated, and all cases had an aggregated spatial behavior of Hemiberlesia lataniae. Semivariograms were fitted to spherical, exponential, and Gaussian models. Limitation of the study: Geostatistics is the only method that provides the exact location of the pest and the sample in density maps. Originality: The present study proposes to implement integrated management strategies to reduce ecological damage, due to indiscriminate use of insecticides, and presence of residues in fruits. Conclusions: The following study allowed us to know the spatial distribution of Hemiberlesia lataniae by means of density maps in three ‘Hass’ avocado producing areas in Estado de Mexico, where an aggregated spatial distribution was observed.
Le Conte et le masque ou les équivoques de l’autobiographie dans "Le Cœur à rire et à pleurer" de Maryse Condé
Authors: Hamot Odile
Published: July 2021

C’est la question des rapports entre fiction et autobiographie dans l’écriture de Maryse Condé que cette étude aimerait examiner à travers le cas du Cœur à rire et pleurer dont l’ambiguïté générique n’a pas toujours été perçue par les lecteurs, enclins à y voir la relation factuelle de l’enfance guadeloupéenne de l’écrivain. Or, tel n’était sans doute pas le dessein de l’auteur et nombre d’éléments, paratextuels notamment, invitent à la circon­spec­tion : à commencer par la notion, restée ininterrogée, de « conte vrai », mais encore l’épigraphe proustienne qui semble, à l’orée du livre, dénoncer comme vaines toute prétention à la restitution du passé et toute tentation d’une lecture trop clairement biographique. Sans doute est-ce dans cette oscillation entre les deux pôles contra­dictoires de la réalité et de la fiction que s’inscrit l’esthétique du masque et de l’obliquité mise en œuvre par Maryse Condé, comme unique façon, peut-être, d’accéder à une vérité de l’être, éminemment littéraire et, en définitive, seule vraie.
Impact of modified turbulent diffusion of PM2.5 aerosol in WRF-Chem simulations in Eastern China
Authors: Jia Wenxing , Zhang Xiaoye
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Correct description of the boundary layer mixing process of particle is an important prerequisite to understanding the mechanism of heavy pollution episodes. Turbulent mixing process of particles is usually denoted by the turbulent diffusion relationship of heat, meaning that the turbulent transport of particles and heat are similar. This similarity has, however, never been verified. Here we investigate the dissimilarity between particles and heat, indicating that the unified treatment of all scalars in the model is questionable. Using mixing-length theory, the turbulent diffusion relationship of particle is established, embedded in the model and verified on a long-term scale. Simulated results of PM2.5 concentration were improved by 8.3 % (2013), 17 % (2014), 11 % (2015) and 11.7 % (2017) in Eastern China, respectively. However, under the influence of complex topography, the turbulent diffusion process is insensitive to the simulation of the pollutant concentration. In addition to the PM2.5 concentration, the simulation of the CO concentration has also been improved, which shows that the turbulent diffusion process is extremely critical to the change in the concentration of pollutants.
Impact of stratospheric aerosol intervention geoengineering on surface air temperature in China: A surface energy budget perspective
Authors: Liu Zhaochen , Lang Xianmei , Jiang Dabang
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Stratospheric aerosol intervention (SAI) geoengineering is a rapid, effective, and promising means to counteract anthropogenic global warming, but the climate response to SAI, with great regional disparities, remains uncertain. In this study, we use Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project G4 experiment simulations from three models (HadGEM2-ES, MIROC-ESM, and MIROC-ESM-CHEM) that offset anthropogenic forcing under medium-low emissions (RCP4.5) by injecting a certain amount of SO2 into the stratosphere every year, to investigate the surface air temperature response to SAI geoengineering over China. It has been shown that the SAI leads to surface cooling over China over the last 40 years of injection simulation (2030–2069), which varies among models, regions and seasons. The spatial pattern of SAI-induced temperature changes over China is mainly due to net surface shortwave radiation changes. We find that changes in solar radiation modification strength, surface albedo, atmospheric water vapor and cloudiness affect surface shortwave radiation. In summer, the increased cloud cover in some regions reduces net surface shortwave radiation, causing strong surface cooling. In winter, both the strong cooling in all three models and the abnormal warming in MIROC-ESM are related to surface albedo changes. Our results suggest that cloud and land surface processes in models may dominate the spatial pattern of SAI-induced surface air temperature changes over China.
What rainfall rates are most important to wet removal of different aerosol types?
Authors: Wang Yong , Xia Wenwen , Zhang Guang J.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Both frequency and intensity of rainfall affect aerosol wet deposition. With a stochastic deep convection scheme implemented into two state-of-the-art global climate models (GCMs), a recent study found that aerosol burdens are increased globally by reduced climatological mean wet removal of aerosols due to suppressed light rain. Motivated by their work, a novel approach is developed in this study to detect what rainfall rates are most efficient for wet removal (scavenging amount mode) of different aerosol species in different sizes in GCMs and applied to the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) with and without the stochastic convection cases. Results show that in the standard CAM5, no obvious differences in the scavenging amount mode are found among different aerosol types. However, the scavenging amount modes differ in the Aitken, accumulation and coarse modes showing around 10-12, 8-9, and 7-8 mm d−1, respectively over the tropics. As latitude increases poleward, the scavenging amount mode in each aerosol mode is decreased substantially. The scavenging amount mode is generally smaller over land than over ocean. With stochastic convection, the scavenging amount mode for all aerosol species in each mode is systematically increased, which is the most prominent along the Intertropical Convergence Zone exceeding 20 mm d−1 for small particles. Regardless of whether the stochastic convection scheme is used, convective precipitation has higher efficiency in removing aerosols than large-scale precipitation over the globe even though convection is infrequent over high-latitudes. The scavenging amount modes in the two cases are both smaller than individual rainfall rates associated with the most accumulated rain (rainfall amount mode), further implying precipitation frequency is more important than precipitation intensity for aerosol wet removal. The notion of the scavenging amount mode can be applied to other GCMs to better understand the relation between rainfall and aerosol wet scavenging, which is important to better simulating aerosols.
Seasonal analysis of submicron aerosol in Old Delhi using high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry: chemical characterisation, source apportionment and new marker identification
Authors: Cash James M. , Langford Ben , Di Marco Chiara , Mullinger Neil J. , Allan James , Reyes-Villegas Ernesto , Joshi Ruthambara , Heal Mathew R. , Acton W. Joe F. , Hewitt C. Nicholas , Misztal Pawel K. , Drysdale Will , Mandal Tuhin K. ,   Shivani, Gadi Ranu , Gurjar Bhola Ram , Nemitz Eiko
Published: July 2021

Abstract. We present the first real-time composition of submicron particulate matter
(PM1) in Old Delhi using high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry
(HR-AMS). Old Delhi is one of the most polluted locations in the world, and
PM1 concentrations reached ∼ 750 µg m−3
during the most polluted period, the post-monsoon period, where PM1 increased
by 188 % over the pre-monsoon period. Sulfate contributes the largest
inorganic PM1 mass fraction during the pre-monsoon (24 %) and monsoon
(24 %) periods, with nitrate contributing most during the post-monsoon period
(8 %). The organics dominate the mass fraction (54 %–68 %) throughout the
three periods, and, using positive matrix factorisation (PMF) to perform
source apportionment analysis of organic mass, two burning-related factors
were found to contribute the most (35 %) to the post-monsoon increase. The
first PMF factor, semi-volatility biomass burning organic aerosol (SVBBOA),
shows a high correlation with Earth observation fire counts in surrounding
states, which links its origin to crop residue burning. The second is a
solid fuel OA (SFOA) factor with links to local open burning due to its high
composition of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and novel AMS-measured marker
species for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated
dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Two traffic factors were resolved: one
hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) factor and another nitrogen-rich HOA (NHOA)
factor. The N compounds within NHOA were mainly nitrile species which have
not previously been identified within AMS measurements. Their PAH
composition suggests that NHOA is linked to diesel and HOA to compressed
natural gas and petrol. These factors combined make the largest relative
contribution to primary PM1 mass during the pre-monsoon and monsoon
periods while contributing the second highest in the post-monsoon period. A
cooking OA (COA) factor shows strong links to the secondary factor,
semi-volatility oxygenated OA (SVOOA). Correlations with co-located volatile
organic compound (VOC) measurements and AMS-measured organic nitrogen oxides
(OrgNO) suggest SVOOA is formed from aged COA. It is also found that a
significant increase in chloride concentrations (522 %) from pre-monsoon
to post-monsoon correlates well with SVBBOA and SFOA, suggesting that crop
residue burning and open waste burning are responsible. A reduction in
traffic emissions would effectively reduce concentrations across most of the
year. In order to reduce the post-monsoon peak, sources such as funeral
pyres, solid waste burning and crop residue burning should be considered
when developing new air quality policy.
Measurement report: Spatial variability of northern Iberian rainfall stable isotope values – investigating atmospheric controls on daily and monthly timescales
Authors: Moreno Ana , Iglesias Miguel , Azorin-Molina Cesar , Pérez-Mejías Carlos , Bartolomé Miguel , Sancho Carlos , Stoll Heather , Cacho Isabel , Frigola Jaime , Osácar Cinta , Muñoz Arsenio , Delgado-Huertas Antonio , Bladé Ileana , Vimeux Françoise
Published: July 2021

Abstract. For the first time, this article presents a large dataset of
precipitation isotopic measurements (δ18Op and δ2Hp) sampled every day or 2 d from seven sites on a
west-to-east transect across northern Spain for 2010–2017. The main aim of
this study is to (1) characterize the rainfall isotopic variability in
northern Spain at daily and monthly timescales and (2) assess the
principal factors influencing rainfall isotopic variability. The relative
role of air temperature and rainfall in determining the stable isotope
composition of precipitation changes along the west-to-east transect, with
air temperature being highly correlated with δ18Op at daily and
monthly timescales, while a few sites along the transect show a significant
negative correlation with precipitation. The highest air temperature–δ18Op dependency is found for a station located in the Pyrenees.
Frontal systems associated with North Atlantic cyclones are the dominant
mechanism inducing precipitation in this region, particularly in winter.
This study allows an exploration of the role of air mass source and
trajectory in determining the isotopic composition of rainfall in northern
Iberia by characterizing the moisture uptake for three of the seven
stations. The importance of continental versus marine moisture sources is
evident, with clear seasonal and spatial variations. In addition, the type
of precipitation (convective versus frontal rainfall) plays a key role, with
convective rainfall associated with higher δ18Op values.
This comprehensive spatiotemporal approach to analyzing the rainfall
isotopic composition represents another step forward towards developing a
more detailed, mechanistic framework for interpreting stable isotopes in
rainfall as a paleoclimate and hydrological tracer.
Viscosity and phase state of aerosol particles consisting of sucrose mixed with inorganic salts
Authors: Song Young-Chul , Lilek Joseph , Lee Jae Bong , Chan Man Nin , Wu Zhijun , Zuend Andreas , Song Mijung
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Research on the viscosity and phase state of aerosol particles is essential because of their significant influence on the particle growth rate,
equilibration times, and related evolution of mass concentration as well as heterogeneous reactions. So far, most studies of viscosity and phase
state have been focused on organic aerosol particles, yet data on how viscosity can vary when the organic materials are mixed with inorganic salts
remain scarce. Herein, using bead-mobility and poke-and-flow techniques, we quantified viscosities at 293 ± 1 K for binary mixtures
of organic material / H2O and inorganic salts / H2O, as well as ternary mixtures of organic material / inorganic salts / H2O
over the atmospheric relative humidity (RH) range. Sucrose as the organic species and calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) or magnesium nitrate
(Mg(NO3)2) as the inorganic salts were examined. For binary sucrose / H2O particles, the viscosities gradually increased from
∼ 3 × 10−2 to ≳1 × 108 Pa s as RH decreased from ∼ 75 % to ∼ 25 %. Compared
with the results for the sucrose / H2O particles, binary Ca(NO3)2/H2O and Mg(NO3)2/H2O
particles showed drastic enhancements to ≳1 × 108 Pa s at low RH close to the efflorescence RH. For ternary
mixtures of sucrose / Ca(NO3)2 / H2O or sucrose / Mg(NO3)2 / H2O, with organic-to-inorganic mass ratios of
1:1, the viscosities of the particles gradually increased from ∼ 3 × 10−2 to greater than
∼ 1 × 108 Pa s for RH values from ∼ 75 % to ∼ 5 %. Compared to the viscosities of the
Ca(NO3)2/H2O particles, higher viscosities were observed for the ternary sucrose / Ca(NO3)2 / H2O
particles, with values increased by about 1 order of magnitude at 50 % RH and about 6 orders of magnitude at 35 % RH. Moreover, we applied a
thermodynamics-based group-contribution model (AIOMFAC-VISC, Aerosol Inorganic–Organic Mixtures Functional groups Activity Coefficients Viscosity) to predict aerosol viscosities for the studied systems. The model predictions and
viscosity measurements show good agreement within ∼ 1 order of magnitude in viscosity. The viscosity measurements indicate that the studied
mixed organic–inorganic particles range in phase state from liquid to semi-solid or even solid across the atmospheric RH range at a temperature of
293 K. These results support our understanding that organic / inorganic / H2O particles can exist in a liquid, semisolid, or even a
solid state in the troposphere.
Role of oceanic ozone deposition in explaining temporal variability in surface ozone at High Arctic sites
Authors: Barten Johannes G. M. , Ganzeveld Laurens N. , Steeneveld Gert-Jan , Krol Maarten C.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Dry deposition is an important removal mechanism for tropospheric ozone (O3). Currently, O3 deposition to oceans in atmospheric chemistry and transport models (ACTMs) is generally represented using constant surface uptake resistances. This occurs despite the role of solubility, waterside turbulence and O3 reacting with ocean water reactants such as iodide resulting in substantial spatiotemporal variability in O3 deposition and concentrations in marine boundary layers. We hypothesize that O3 deposition to the Arctic Ocean, having a relatively low reactivity, is overestimated in current models with consequences for the tropospheric concentrations, lifetime and long-range transport of O3. We investigate the impact of the representation of oceanic O3 deposition to the simulated magnitude and spatiotemporal variability in Arctic surface O3. We have integrated the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment Gas transfer algorithm (COAREG) into the mesoscale meteorology and atmospheric chemistry model Polar-WRF-Chem (WRF) which introduces a dependence of O3 deposition on physical and biogeochemical drivers of oceanic O3 deposition. Also, we reduced the O3 deposition to sea ice and snow. Here, we evaluate WRF and CAMS reanalysis data against hourly averaged surface O3 observations at 25 sites (latitudes > 60∘ N). This is the first time such a coupled modeling system has been evaluated against hourly observations at pan-Arctic sites to study the sensitivity of the magnitude and temporal variability in Arctic surface O3 on the deposition scheme. We find that it is important to nudge WRF to the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data to ensure adequate meteorological conditions to evaluate surface O3. We show that the mechanistic representation of O3 deposition over oceans and reduced snow/ice deposition improves simulated Arctic O3 mixing ratios both in magnitude and temporal variability compared to the constant resistance approach. Using COAREG, O3 deposition velocities are in the order of 0.01 cm s−1 compared to ∼ 0.05 cm s−1 in the constant resistance approach. The simulated monthly mean spatial variability in the mechanistic approach (0.01 to 0.018 cm s−1) expresses the sensitivity to chemical enhancement with dissolved iodide, whereas the temporal variability (up to ±20 % around the mean) expresses mainly differences in waterside turbulent transport. The mean bias for six sites above 70∘ N reduced from −3.8 to 0.3 ppb with the revision to ocean and snow/ice deposition. Our study confirms that O3 deposition to high-latitude oceans and snow/ice is generally overestimated in ACTMs. We recommend that a mechanistic representation of oceanic O3 deposition is preferred in ACTMs to improve the modeled Arctic surface O3 concentrations in terms of magnitude and temporal variability.
Retrieving H2O/HDO columns over cloudy and clear-sky scenes from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI)
Authors: Schneider Andreas , Borsdorff Tobias , aan de Brugh Joost , Lorente Alba , Aemisegger Franziska , Noone David , Henze Dean , Kivi Rigel , Landgraf Jochen
Published: July 2021

Abstract. This paper presents an extension of the scientific HDO/H2O column data product from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) including clear-sky and cloudy scenes. The retrieval employs a forward model which accounts for scattering, and the algorithm infers the trace gas column information, surface properties and effective cloud parameters from the observations. The extension to cloudy scenes greatly enhances coverage, particularly enabling data over oceans. The data set is validated against co-located ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) observations by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). The median bias for clear-sky scenes is 1.4 × 1021 molec cm−2 (2.9 %) in H2O columns and 1.1 × 1017 molec cm−2 (−0.3 %) in HDO columns, which corresponds to −17 ‰ (9.9 %) in a posteriori δD. The bias for cloudy scenes is 4.9 × 1021 molec cm−2 (11 %) in H2O, 1.1 × 1017 molec cm−2 (7.9 %) in HDO, and −20 ‰ (9.7 %) in a posteriori δD. At low-altitude stations in low and middle latitudes the bias is small, and has a larger value at high latitude stations. At high altitude stations, an altitude correction is required to compensate for different partial columns seen by the station and the satellite. The bias in a posteriori δD after altitude correction depends on sensitivity due to shielding by clouds, and on realistic prior profile shapes for both isotopologues. Cloudy scenes generally involve low sensitivity below the clouds, and since the information is filled up by the prior, it plays an important role in these cases. Over oceans, aircraft measurements with the Water Isotope System for Precipitation and Entrainment Research (WISPER) instrument from a field campaign in 2018 are used for validation, yielding a bias of −3.9 % in H2O and −3 ‰ in δD over clouds. To demonstrate the added value of the new data set, a short case study of a cold air outbreak over the Atlantic Ocean in January 2020 is presented, showing the daily evolution of the event with single overpass results.
Evaluation of convective boundary layer height estimates using radars operating at different frequency bands
Authors: Franck Anna , Moisseev Dmitri , Vakkari Ville , Leskinen Matti , Lampilahti Janne , Kerminen Veli-Matti , O'Connor Ewan
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Knowledge of atmospheric boundary layer state and evolution is important for understanding air pollution and low level cloud development, among other things. There are a number of instruments and methods that are currently used to estimate boundary layer height (BLH). However, no single instrument is capable of providing BLH measurements in all weather conditions. We proposed a method to derive a daytime convective BLH using radar observations and investigated the consistency of these retrievals between different radars. We utilized data from three vertically-pointing radars that are available at the measurement station in Southern Finland: the C-band (5 GHz), Ka-band (35 GHz) and W-band (94 GHz). The Ka- or W- band cloud radars are an integral part of cloud profiling stations of pan-European Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS). Our method will be utilized at ACTRIS stations to serve as an additional estimate of the BLH during summer months. During this period, echoes from insects and Bragg scatter are often recorded by radars. To retrieve a BLH, we suggested a mechanism to separate small insects that follow air motion and independently flying insects that works for all analyzed frequency bands. At the lower frequency (the C-band) insect scattering was separated from Bragg scattering using a combination of radar reflectivity factor and linear depolarization ratio. Retrieved values of the BLH from all radars are in a good agreement when compared to the BLH obtained with the co-located lidar and reanalysis dataset. Our method showed some underestimation of the BLH after night-time heavy precipitation yet demonstrated a potential to serve as a reliable method to obtain a BLH during clear-sky days. Additionally, the entrainment zone was observed by the C-band radar above the CBL in a form of a Bragg scatter layer. Aircraft observations of vertical profiles of potential temperature and water vapor mixing ratio, collected in the vicinity of the radar, demonstrated some agreement with the Bragg scatter layer.