bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of partners, parents and friends in shaping young women’s reproductive choices in Peri-urban Nairobi: a qualitative study
Authors: Zinke-Allmang Anja , Bhatia Amiya , Gorur Krittika , Hassan Rahma , Shipow Amy , Ogolla Concilia , Keizer Kees , Cislaghi Beniamino
Published: March 2023

Background

Contraceptive use among young women in Nairobi remains low despite high general knowledge of family planning (FP) methods. This paper draws on social norms theory to explore the role of key influencers (partners, parents and friends) in women’s FP use and how women anticipate normative reactions or sanctions.

Methods

A qualitative study with 16 women, 10 men and 14 key influencers across 7 peri-urban wards in Nairobi, Kenya. Interviews were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 by phone. A thematic analysis was conducted.

Results

Women identified parents, specifically mothers, aunts, partners, friends and healthcare workers as key influencers on FP. Their interactions with these key influencers varied based on trust, the information they needed about FP, and whether they perceived a key influencer to perpetuate or challenge existing social norms on FP. Mothers were perceived to understand the social risks of using FP and thus could advise on discreet FP use, and aunts were trusted and approachable sources to impartially describe the benefits and drawbacks of FP. Although women identified partners as key FP decision makers, they were cognisant of possible power imbalances affecting a final FP choice.

Conclusions

FP interventions should consider the normative influence key actors have on women’s FP choices. Opportunities to design and deliver network-level interventions which seek to engage with social norms surrounding FP in order to challenge misconceptions and misinformation among key influencers should be explored. Intervention design should consider dynamics of secrecy, trust and emotional closeness that mediate discussions of FP to address changing norms. Further training to change norms held by healthcare providers about why women, in particular unmarried young women, access FP should be provided to reduce barriers for FP access.
Histological confinement of transglutaminase-mediated nit sheath crosslinking is essential for proper oviposition and egg coating in the human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis
Authors: Kim Ju Hyeon , Lee Do Eun , Park Sang Youn , Clark John M. , Lee Si Hyeock
Published: March 2023

Background

Head louse females secrete liquid gel, which is mainly composed of the louse nit sheath protein 1 (LNSP1) and LNSP2, when they lay eggs. The gel is crosslinked by transglutaminase (TG) to form the nit sheath, which covers most of the egg except the top operculum area where breathing holes are located. Knowledge on the selective mechanism of nit sheath solidification to avoid uncontrolled crosslinking could lead to designing a novel method of louse control, but no information is available yet.

Methods

To elucidate the crosslinking mechanisms of nit sheath gel inside the reproductive system of head louse females, in situ hybridization in conjunction with microscopic observation of the oviposition process was conducted.

Results

Histochemical analysis revealed that LNSP1 and LNSP2 are expressed over the entire area of the accessory gland and uterus, whereas TG expression site is confined to a highly localized area around the opening of posterior oviduct. Detailed microscopic observations of oviposition process uncovered that a mature egg is positioned in the uterus after ovulation. Once aligned inside the uterus, the mature egg is redirected so that its operculum side is tightly held by the ventral end of the uterus being positioned toward the head again and its pointed bottom end being positioned toward the dorsal end of the uterus, which functions as a reservoir for the nit sheath gel.

Conclusions

Physical separation of the TG-mediated crosslinking site from the ventral end of the uterus is necessary to avoid uncontrolled crosslinking inside the uterus and to ensure selective crosslinking over only the lower part of egg without any unwanted crosslinking over the operculum during oviposition.

Graphical Abstract
The impact of specific pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy on cardiac fluorodeoxyglucose distribution in PET/MRI hybrid imaging–follow-up study
Authors: Kazimierczyk Remigiusz , Szumowski Piotr , Nekolla Stephan G. , Malek Lukasz A. , Blaszczak Piotr , Hladunski Marcin , Sobkowicz Bozena , Mysliwiec Janusz , Kaminski Karol A.
Published: March 2023

Background

PET/MRI hybrid imaging in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) provides important prognostic information identifying patients who might benefit from early therapy escalation, as right ventricle (RV) metabolic alterations are linked with hemodynamics and might precede clinical deterioration. Now, we hypothesize that adequate PAH therapy escalation may result in reversal of unfavourable increased glucose uptake of RV, which is associated with improved prognosis.

Methods

Out of twenty-six initially clinically stable PAH patients who had baseline PET/MRI scans, twenty (49.9 ± 14.9 years) had second PET/MRI after 24 months. SUVRV/SUVLV ratio was used to estimate and compare cardiac glucose uptake. Occurrences of clinical endpoints (CEP), defined as death or clinical deterioration, were assessed during 48-month follow-up from baseline.

Results

In first 24 months of observation, sixteen patients had CEP and needed PAH therapy escalation. At follow-up visits, we observed significant improvement of RV ejection fraction (45.1 ± 9.6% to 52.4 ± 12.9%, p = 0.01), mean pulmonary artery pressure (50.5 ± 18.3 to 42.8 ± 18.6 mmHg, p = 0.03), and SUVRV/SUVLV, which tended to decrease (mean change -0.20 ± 0.74). Patients with baseline SUVRV/SUVLV value higher than 0.54 had worse prognosis in 48 months observation (log-rank test, p = 0.0007); follow up SUVRV/SUVLV > 1 predicted CEP in the following 24 months, regardless of previously escalated treatment.

Conclusions

PAH therapy escalation may influence RV glucose metabolism, what seems to be related with patients’ prognosis. PET/MRI assessment may predict clinical deterioration regardless of previous clinical course, however its clinical significance in PAH requires further studies. Importantly, even mild alterations of RV glucose metabolism predict clinical deterioration in long follow-up.

Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03688698, 05/01/2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT03688698?term=NCT03688698&draw=2&rank=1
GPR116 receptor regulates the antitumor function of NK cells via Gαq/HIF1α/NF-κB signaling pathway as a potential immune checkpoint
Authors: Guo Dandan , Jin Chenxu , Gao Yaoxin , Lin Haizhen , Zhang Li , Zhou Ying , Yao Jie , Duan Yixin , Ren Yaojun , Hui Xinhui , Ge Yujia , Yang Renzheng , Jiang Wenzheng
Published: March 2023

Background

NK cell is one of innate immune cells and can protect the body from cancer-initiating cells. It has been reported that GPR116 receptor is involved in inflammation and tumors. However, the effect of GPR116 receptor on the NK cells remains largely unclear.

Results

We discovered that GPR116−/− mice could efficiently eliminate pancreatic cancer through enhancing the proportion and function of NK cells in tumor. Moreover, the expression of GPR116 receptor was decreased upon the activation of the NK cells. Besides, GPR116−/− NK cells showed higher cytotoxicity and antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo by producing more GzmB and IFNγ than wild-type (WT) NK cells. Mechanistically, GPR116 receptor regulated the function of NK cells via Gαq/HIF1α/NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, downregulation of GPR116 receptor promoted the antitumor activity of NKG2D-CAR-NK92 cells against pancreatic cancer both in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions

Our data indicated that GPR116 receptor had a negatively effect on NK cell function and downregulation of GPR116 receptor in NKG2D-CAR-NK92 cells could enhance the antitumor activity, which provides a new idea to enhance the antitumor efficiency of CAR NK cell therapy.
Leaf microbiome data for European beech (Fagus sylvatica) at the leaf and canopy scales collected in a gallery forest in South-West France
Authors: Fort Tania , Pauvert Charlie , Chancerel Emilie , Burlett Regis , Wingate Lisa , Vacher Corinne
Published: March 2023

Key message

The datasets describe bacterial and fungal communities of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) leaves collected along a vertical gradient in a gallery forest throughout the growing season. They also describe communities in the surrounding environment of beech trees. Dataset access is at https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/FFHAQU, and associated metadata are available at https://metadata-afs.nancy.inra.fr/geonetwork/srv/fre/catalog.search#/metadata/f17fe848-fc3e-4297-be11-9871b35a1be4. Both can be used to uncover the dynamics and assembly processes of phyllosphere microbial communities in forest ecosystems.
Entrepreneurial intentions of Gen Z university students and entrepreneurial constraints in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Imtiaz , Tabash Mosab I. , Siow May Ling , Ong Tze San , Anagreh Suhaib
Published: March 2023

This research examines a variety of restrictions preventing Bangladeshi youth, particularly Generation Z university students, from becoming involved in entrepreneurship. Moreover, the study examines the influence of Entrepreneurial Attitude (EA), Subjective Entrepreneurial Norms (SEN), Entrepreneurial Perceived Behavioural Control (EPBC), and Entrepreneurial Resilience (ER) on Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) of Bangladeshi Gen Z university students. A systematic literature review methodology following PRISMA procedure was performed to identify the relevant articles. A quantitative method with a positivism philosophy, cross-sectional time horizon and deductive approach was applied to the study. The data of 206 university students from the BBA department of ten universities were collected using convenience sampling and a self-administrated structured questionnaire survey. SPSS 26.0 and Smart PLS 3.0 were used to analyse the data. The output shows a positive and significant association amongst EA, SEN, EPBC, ER, and EI. Various constraints were identified from the literature and ranked based on the respondents’ feedback. This research will help entrepreneurs, scholars, policymakers and practitioners to build the entrepreneurial ecosystem and develop young people’s understanding of the entrepreneurial decision process and the importance of ER. This paper contributes through empirical investigation to an understanding of the actions that prevent Gen Z students from entrepreneurial activities; decisions are affected by socio-psychological constructions integrating ER with the Theory of Planned behaviour (TPB) model. Triple, Quadruple and Quintuple Helix models are considered supporting theories in this study to shed light on tackling the constraints. To the best knowledge of the researcher, integrating ER with TPB model’s constructs is a pioneer scholarly contribution in the context of South-East Asian, specifically Bangladeshi Gen Z students.
Antibiotic resistance in ocular bacterial infections: an integrative review of ophthalmic chloramphenicol
Authors: Bale Babatunde Ismail , Elebesunu Emmanuel Ebuka , Manikavasagar Pirakalai , Agwuna Favour Obianuju , Ogunkola Isaac Olushola , Sow Alhaji Umar , Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic widely used for treating ophthalmic infections, but concerns about rising bacterial resistance to chloramphenicol have been observed due to its frequent use as an over-the-counter medication. This review assessed the common ophthalmic bacterial pathogens, their chloramphenicol resistance mechanisms, and rates of drug resistance.

Methods

PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant publications from the years 2000 to 2022, bordering on ophthalmic bacterial infections, chloramphenicol susceptibility profiles, and drug resistance mechanisms against chloramphenicol. A total of 53 journal publications met the inclusion criteria, with data on the antibiotic susceptibility profiles available in 44 of the reviewed studies, which were extracted and analyzed.

Results

The mean resistance rates to chloramphenicol from antibiotic susceptibility profiles varied between 0% and 74.1%, with the majority of the studies (86.4%) showing chloramphenicol resistance rates below 50%, and more than half (23 out of 44) of the studies showed resistance rates lower than 20%. The majority of the publications (n = 27; 61.4%) were from developed nations, compared to developing nations (n = 14; 31.8%), while a fraction (n = 3; 6.8%) of the studies were regional cohort studies in Europe, with no country-specific drug resistance rates. No pattern of cumulative increase or decrease in ophthalmic bacterial resistance to chloramphenicol was observed.

Conclusions

Chloramphenicol is still active against ophthalmic bacterial infections and is suitable as a topical antibiotic for ophthalmic infections. However, concerns remain about the drug becoming unsuitable in the long run due to some proof of high drug resistance rates.
Immune-mediated myogenesis and acetylcholine receptor clustering promote a slow disease progression in ALS mouse models
Authors: Margotta Cassandra , Fabbrizio Paola , Ceccanti Marco , Cambieri Chiara , Ruffolo Gabriele , D’Agostino Jessica , Trolese Maria Chiara , Cifelli Pierangelo , Alfano Veronica , Laurini Christian , Scaricamazza Silvia , Ferri Alberto , Sorarù Gianni , Palma Eleonora , Inghilleri Maurizio , Bendotti Caterina , Nardo Giovanni
Published: March 2023

Background

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a heterogeneous disease in terms of onset and progression rate. This may account for therapeutic clinical trial failure. Transgenic SOD1G93A mice on C57 or 129Sv background have a slow and fast disease progression rate, mimicking the variability observed in patients.

Based on evidence inferring the active influence of skeletal muscle on ALS pathogenesis, we explored whether dysregulation in hindlimb skeletal muscle reflects the phenotypic difference between the two mouse models.

Methods

Ex vivo immunohistochemical, biochemical, and biomolecular methodologies, together with in vivo electrophysiology and in vitro approaches on primary cells, were used to afford a comparative and longitudinal analysis of gastrocnemius medialis between fast- and slow-progressing ALS mice.

Results

We reported that slow-progressing mice counteracted muscle denervation atrophy by increasing acetylcholine receptor clustering, enhancing evoked currents, and preserving compound muscle action potential. This matched with prompt and sustained myogenesis, likely triggered by an early inflammatory response switching the infiltrated macrophages towards a M2 pro-regenerative phenotype. Conversely, upon denervation, fast-progressing mice failed to promptly activate a compensatory muscle response, exhibiting a rapidly progressive deterioration of muscle force.

Conclusions

Our findings further pinpoint the pivotal role of skeletal muscle in ALS, providing new insights into underestimated disease mechanisms occurring at the periphery and providing useful (diagnostic, prognostic, and mechanistic) information to facilitate the translation of cost-effective therapeutic strategies from the laboratory to the clinic.
Complex management of a large retroperitoneal undifferentiated sarcoma encasing the abdominal aorta in a pediatric patient: a case report and review
Authors: Teke Martha E. , Jacobson Jillian C. , Mutore Kevin , Murphy Joseph T.
Published: March 2023

Background

Retroperitoneal undifferentiated sarcomas are rare, highly aggressive mesenchymal tumors with limited available treatment options. Surgical resection ± chemoradiation remains standard of care. However, in unique cases, challenging tumor biology, advanced tumor stage, and the morbidity required of an R0 resection can prohibit management and ultimate cure. Targeted therapies have an increasing role in this setting due to advances in molecular analytics.

Case presentation

Herein, we describe the management of an 11-year-old female with a chemotherapy-refractory large retroperitoneal sarcoma encasing the infrarenal aorta with a large acquired aortic pseudoaneurysm. This is the first report describing the complex approach to a retroperitonealNTRK-fusion ( +) undifferentiated sarcoma confounded by an acquired aortic pseudoaneurysm in a pediatric patient. Preoperative considerations, intra-operative technique, postoperative management, adjuvant therapies and a brief review of the literature are discussed.

Conclusion

Overall, a holistic understanding of the tumor biology and a cohesive multidisciplinary approach is integral to the care and long-term management of these cases.
Understanding nonlinear and synergistic effects of the built environment on urban vibrancy in metro station areas
Authors: Peng Jiandong , Hu Yiwen , Liang Chao , Wan Qiuyu , Dai Qi , Yang Hong
Published: March 2023

Transit-oriented development (TOD) has long been recognized as a significant model for prospering urban vibrancy. However, most studies on TOD and urban vibrancy do not consider temporal differences or the nonlinear effects involved. This study applies the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) model to metro station areas in Wuhan to explore the nonlinear and synergistic effects of the built-environment features on urban vibrancy during different times. The results show that (1) the effects of the built-environment features on the vibrancy around metro stations differ over time; (2) the most critical features affecting vibrancy are leisure facilities, floor area ratio, commercial facilities, and enterprises; (3) there are approximately linear or complex nonlinear relationships between the built-environment features and the vibrancy; and (4) the synergistic effects suggest that multimodal is more effective at leisure-dominated stations, high-density development is more effective at commercial-dominated stations, and mixed development is more effective at employment-oriented stations. The findings suggest improved planning recommendations for the organization of rail transport to improve the vibrancy of metro station areas.
Amorphous topological matter: Theory and experiment
Authors: Corbae Paul , Hannukainen Julia D. , Marsal Quentin , Muñoz-Segovia Daniel , Grushin Adolfo G.
Published: March 2023

Topological phases of matter are ubiquitous in crystals, but less is known about their existence in amorphous systems, that lack long-range order. We review the recent progress made on defining amorphous topological phases, their new phenomenology. We discuss the open questions in the field which promise to significantly enlarge the set of materials and synthetic systems benefiting from the robustness of topological matter.
Temporal Surfacing: Mosori Monika (1970) and Chick Strand's Cross-Cultural Explorations
Authors: Pinar Ekin
Published: March 2023

This article considers how the temporality at work in Chick Strand's film Mosori Monika (US, 1970) breaks with the patriarchal, colonial, and capitalist narratives of genealogy, progress, and production. In Mosori Monika, an experimental ethnographic film that documents the swamps of Orinoco River in Venezuela, filmmaker Strand focuses her attention on the interactions between the Spanish Franciscan missionaries who came to the site in 1945 and the Warao who had little to no interaction with the outside world before the missionaries’ appearance. The film shows the competing realities and subjectivities of two women living in the area: a Franciscan nun, Sister Isabel, and an old Warao woman, Carmelita. Unlike the linear “exceptional artist beyond her time” narratives manifest in the recent spur of interest in Strand's body of work, the article explores the contemporary feel of Strand's film in relation to the transnational, cross-cultural, and affective ranges that go unnoticed when the scope of 1970s feminisms is painted in broad brushstrokes. Accordingly, the article emphasizes that Strand's nonteleological approach to history and ethnography in her film at once challenges the colonial, patriarchal gaze and its temporal distanciation and subjugation and invites us to reassess the linear feminist narratives of evolution, progress, and/or loss that often tend to rely on reductive historical periodization. Strand's filmmaking methods and style provide us with an alternative feminist historiographical model, “surfacing,” that highlights the productive resonances between then, now, and possible futures.
Menstrual Function, Eating Disorders, Low Energy Availability, and Musculoskeletal Injuries in British Servicewomen
Authors: O’LEARY THOMAS J. , COOMBS CHARLOTTE V. , PERRETT CAITLIN , DOUBLE REBECCA L. , KEAY NICKY , WARDLE SOPHIE L. , GREEVES JULIE P.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate associations between menstrual function, eating disorders, and risk of low energy availability with musculoskeletal injuries in British servicewomen.

Methods

All women younger than 45 yr in the UK Armed Forces were invited to complete a survey about menstrual function, eating behaviors, exercise behaviors, and injury history.

Results

A total of 3022 women participated; 2% had a bone stress injury in the last 12 months, 20% had ever had a bone stress injury, 40% had a time-loss musculoskeletal injury in the last 12 months, and 11% were medically downgraded for a musculoskeletal injury. Menstrual disturbances (oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea, history of amenorrhea, and delayed menarche) were not associated with injury. Women at high risk of disordered eating (Female Athlete Screening Tool score >94) were at higher risk of history of a bone stress injury (odds ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval (CI)), 2.29 (1.67–3.14); P < 0.001) and time-loss injury in the last 12 months (OR (95% CI), 1.56 (1.21–2.03); P < 0.001) than women at low risk of disordered eating. Women at high risk of low energy availability (Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire score ≥8) were at higher risk of bone stress injury in the last 12 months (OR (95% CI), 3.62 (2.07–6.49); P < 0.001), history of a bone stress injury (OR (95% CI), 2.08 (1.66–2.59); P < 0.001), a time-loss injury in the last 12 months (OR (95% CI), 9.69 (7.90–11.9); P < 0.001), and being medically downgraded with an injury (OR (95% CI), 3.78 (2.84–5.04); P < 0.001) than women at low risk of low energy availability.

Conclusions

Eating disorders and risk of low energy availability provide targets for protecting against musculoskeletal injuries in servicewomen.
clipplotr—a comparative visualization and analysis tool for CLIP data
Authors: Chakrabarti Anob M. , Capitanchik Charlotte , Ule Jernej , Luscombe Nicholas M.
Published: March 2023

CLIP technologies are now widely used to study RNA–protein interactions and many data sets are now publicly available. An important first step in CLIP data exploration is the visual inspection and assessment of processed genomic data on selected genes or regions and performing comparisons: either across conditions within a particular project, or incorporating publicly available data. However, the output files produced by data processing pipelines or preprocessed files available to download from data repositories are often not suitable for direct comparison and usually need further processing. Furthermore, to derive biological insight it is usually necessary to visualize a CLIP signal alongside other data such as annotations, or orthogonal functional genomic data (e.g., RNA-seq). We have developed a simple, but powerful, command-line tool:clipplotr, which facilitates these visual comparative and integrative analyses with normalization and smoothing options for CLIP data and the ability to show these alongside reference annotation tracks and functional genomic data. These data can be supplied as input toclipplotrin a range of file formats, which will output a publication quality figure. It is written in R and can both run on a laptop computer independently or be integrated into computational workflows on a high-performance cluster. Releases, source code, and documentation are freely available athttps://github.com/ulelab/clipplotr.
Structural and dynamic effects of pseudouridine modifications on noncanonical interactions in RNA
Authors: Vögele Jennifer , Duchardt-Ferner Elke , Kruse Holger , Zhang Zhengyue , Sponer Jiri , Krepl Miroslav , Wöhnert Jens
Published: March 2023

Pseudouridine is the most frequently naturally occurring RNA modification, found in all classes of biologically functional RNAs. Compared to uridine, pseudouridine contains an additional hydrogen bond donor group and is therefore widely regarded as a structure stabilizing modification. However, the effects of pseudouridine modifications on the structure and dynamics of RNAs have so far only been investigated in a limited number of different structural contexts. Here, we introduced pseudouridine modifications into the U-turn motif and the adjacent U:U closing base pair of the neomycin-sensing riboswitch (NSR)—an extensively characterized model system for RNA structure, ligand binding, and dynamics. We show that the effects of replacing specific uridines with pseudouridines on RNA dynamics crucially depend on the exact location of the replacement site and can range from destabilizing to locally or even globally stabilizing. By using a combination of NMR spectroscopy, MD simulations and QM calculations, we rationalize the observed effects on a structural and dynamical level. Our results will help to better understand and predict the consequences of pseudouridine modifications on the structure and function of biologically important RNAs.
Association between mutant E6 and E7 Human Papilloma Virus Type 16 oncogenes with cyclin D1 expression in cervical cancer: Observational study in Bali
Authors: Mahendra I Nyoman Bayu , Budiana I Nyoman Gede , Putra I Gede Mega , Suardika Anom , Wiradnyana Anak Agung Gede Putra , Sari Alisza Novrita
Published: March 2023

Background: Incidence of cervical cancer is higher in low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia. In Asia, Indonesia ranks second both in mortality and incidence of cervical cancer. Infection by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) type 16 is a known risk factor, especially with mutations of the E6 or E7 oncogene that lead to chronic infection and malignancy. Increase in cyclin D1 expression is found on cervical cancer cells, including those resistant to chemotherapy. The role of cyclic D1 in increasing cellular proliferation and decreasing apoptosis leads to cervical cancer.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional observational study carried out between August 2020 until August 2021 at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Samples were collected by consecutive sampling of eligible patients. Polyclinic patients newly diagnosed with cervical cancer and who gave informed consent were further examined. We determined their oncogene E6 and E7 HPV type 16 mutation patterns and their association with cyclin D1 expression using contingency coefficient correlation test. Other outcomes including age distribution, parturition history, BMI, pathological type, clinical stage, and E6/E7 mutation characteristics was also recorded.

Results: We included 31 eligible subjects with cervical cancer and HPV type 16-positive, divided into mutant E6/E7 (n=12/31; 38.7%) and wild type (n=19/31;61.3%). Primary outcome of association between mutant oncogene and cyclin D1 expression was weak (c=0.283; p-value=0.1). Secondary outcome showed majority of age on 50 years old or over; normal or overweight BMI; squamous cell carcinoma was the most commonly found (n=28/31; 90%); and clinical stage II (n=18/31; 38%) in both groups.

Conclusions: This study concluded that there is no association between mutation in the E6/E7 HPV type 16 oncogenes with cyclin D1 expression in patients with cervical cancer.
Presepsin and procalcitonin as markers of infectious respiratory diseases in children: a protocol for a scoping review of the literature
Authors: Sodero Giorgio , Mariani Francesco , Pulcinelli Valentina , Gentili Carolina , Valentini Piero , Buonsenso Danilo
Published: March 2023

Background: Presepsin is a new inflammatory marker used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of severe bacterial infections, which might be used in combination or substitution of other classical indexes such as procalcitonin. Presepsin has been studied mainly in specific categories of patients (generally adults, critically ill patients or neutropenic children) to identify severe bacterial infections and to predict the mortality risk, while the role of this marker in discriminating bacterial from viral infections in otherwise healthy children of different age groups is less examined. This scoping review aims to better explore available evidence around the potential role of presepsin in pediatric respiratory infectious diseases, analyzing its ability to distinguish the severity and type of respiratory pathology and comparing it with a classic inflammation index such as procalcitonin.

Methods: We started our research in February 2023 in the following bibliographic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and SCOPUS. The main review question will be “What is known about the diagnostic role of presepsin and/or procalcitoninin the differential diagnosis of respiratory tract infection’s severity and etiology?” We will include randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective observational studies, performed on children and adolescents (younger than 18 years), hospitalized or not, with a confirmed diagnosis of upper and/or lower respiratory infectious disease. We will include children diagnosed with pneumonia, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, croup, and other types of infectious respiratory diseases. To report our findings, we will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist.

Dissemination: The findings of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented in national and international conferences.
Transfer of maternal immunity using a polyvalent vaccine and offspring protection in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Amrullah Amrullah , Wahidah Wahidah , Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Indrayani Indrayani
Published: March 2023

Background: Vaccination is an effective and alternative means of disease prevention, however, it cannot be conducted on the offspring of fish.  For this process to take place, the transfer of maternal immunity must be implemented. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of transferring immunity from the broodstock to the offspring using a polyvalent vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Pseudomonas fluorescens in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.

Methods: Nile tilapia broodstock, with an average weight of 203g (±SD 23 g) was injected with a vaccine used as a treatment. Example include A. hydrophila monovalent (MA), S. agalactiae monovalent (MS), P. fluorescens monovalent (MP), A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae bivalent (BAS), A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens bivalent (BAP), P. fluorescens and S. agalactiae bivalent (BPS), and A. hydrophila, S. agalactiae, and P. fluorescens polyvalent vaccines (PAPS). While the control was fish that were injected with a PBS solution. The broodstock’s immune response was observed on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day, while the immune response and challenge test on the offspring was conducted on the 10th, 20th, 30th, and 40th day during the post-hatching period.

Result: The application of PAPS in broodstock could significantly induce the best immune response and immunity to multiple diseases compared to other treatments. The RPS of the PAPS was also higher than the other types of vaccines. This showed that the transfer of immunity from the broodstock to the Nile tilapia offspring could protect it against bacterial diseases such as A. hydrophila, S. agalactiae, and P. fluorescens.

Conclusion: The application of PAPS A. hydrophila, S. agalactiae, P. fluorescens vaccines increased the broodstock’s immune response and it was transferred to their offsprings. They were able to produce tilapia seeds that are immune to diseases caused by A. hydrophila, S. agalactiae, and P. fluorescens.
Alignment of the synthesis of qualitative data (SQD) model, technology self-efficacy and TPACK Core measures in preparing pre-service teachers to integrate technology
Authors: Christensen Rhonda , Trevisan Ottavia
Published: March 2023

Preparing pre-service teachers to integrate technology in their future classrooms is a complex endeavor. Several factors known to affect the use of technology in the classroom include technology knowledge and skills, positive attitudes toward integrating technology, pedagogical expertise with technology and content knowledge in one or more disciplines. One strategy that has been used in many educator preparation programs has been to create a course that teaches how to integrate technology. Measuring the impact of these types of courses is important in determining whether they are meeting the needs of the pre-service teachers in their pursuit to integrate technology in a meaningful and effective way. This paper reports on the measurement and alignment of three aspects that impact pre-service technology integration - technology self-efficacy, strategies and experiences provided by the preparation programs, and the intersection of technology, content knowledge and pedagogy. Pre-service participants in a semester-long course focused on integrating technology gained significantly from pre to post on each of the scales, demonstrating an increase in technology self-efficacy, experiences related to technology during their program and confidence in fusing technology, content knowledge and pedagogy. In addition, the three measures focused on different areas of technology integration aligned to show relationships of the attributes important for using technology in their future classrooms.
English for Doctors = English for doctors
Authors: Avilova Irina , Norlusenyan Vyacheslav , Kazanskaya Evgeniya
Published: March 2023

This textbook is based on the communicative methodology of teaching English and contains all the necessary materials for the development of professional communication skills in a foreign language. The purpose of the manual is to improve the professionally—oriented foreign language competence of students.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of medical universities, residency students, postgraduates, as well as for doctors and medical specialists who plan to undergo an international internship or work in a specialty abroad.
Social insects, ecology, ethology, evolution
Authors: Es'kov Evgeniy , Mishvelov E. , Fomichev Yu.
Published: March 2023

The monograph examines the diversity and convergent similarity of adaptations to typical habitat conditions of the main representatives of social insects: termites, ants, paper wasps, bumblebees and bees. Trophic connections, methods of nest construction and protection, intra- and interspecific relations, forms of manifestation and origin of social relations are considered. The species-specific mechanisms of spatial orientation and communication, the role of programmed and modifiable behavior in the life of families of social insects are analyzed. The phylogenetic ways in which the transformation of families of eusocial insects into integral biological units, individually subject to the action of natural selection — the main driving factor of evolution - took place are discussed.
For students, postgraduates and teachers of biological universities and faculties, as well as a wide range of readers interested in the issues of evolution.
Insanity as a consequence of an epileptic seizure and precautionary measures
Authors: Cynkier Przemysław
Published: March 2023

Analizie poddano przypadek od wielu lat chorującego na padaczkę kierowcy, który podczas napadu padaczkowego, w stanie głębokich zaburzeń świadomości, spowodował wypadek drogowy. Sytuacje tego typu zwykle skutkują uznaniem sprawcy za niepoczytalnego w stosunku do zarzutu. Zadaniem biegłych psychiatrów i psychologa jest wówczas dokonanie oceny prawdopodobieństwa ponownego dokonania przez sprawcę czynu zabronionego a także wskazanie sądowi optymalnego leczniczego środka zabezpieczającego, ewentualnie środka karnego. Te rozwiązania prawne dotyczą również sprawców, którzy zostali uznani za niepoczytalnych z powodu zaburzeń świadomości występujących w przebiegu różnych chorób somatycznych a nie trwałych zaburzeń psychicznych. Obecnie brakuje podstaw do powołania biegłych neurologów, diabetologów, kardiologów, pulmonologów i innych specjalistów, którzy dokonaliby oceny zasadności wykonywania środków zabezpieczających, co może budzić wątpliwości orzecznicze. Ponadto stosowanie w takich wypadkach wyłącznie środków wskazanych w art. 93a § 1 kk nie znajduje uzasadnienia psychiatryczno-psychologicznego. Należałoby rozważyć poszerzenie katalogu środków zabezpieczających o terapię różnych schorzeń somatycznych celem zminimalizowania w przyszłości ryzyka wystąpienia głębokich zaburzeń psychicznych na ich podłożu. Praca proponuje nowe rozwiązania opiniodawcze, co jednak wymaga zmian w przepisach prawnych.
Strach na Zachodzie na przełomie XIX i XX wieku. Żyjąc z wrogiem
Authors: Jagłowski Mieczysław
Published: March 2023

Nawiązując do znanej pracy Jeana Delumeau La peur en Occident, XIVe-XVIIIe siècles. Une cité assiégée (Strach w kulturze Zachodu XIV-XVIII w.) oraz zakładając, że człowiek zawsze czegoś się boi oraz że w każdej epoce historycznej istnieje jakaś dominująca forma strachu, w artykule postawiono pytanie o to, czego na Zachodzie bano się na przełomie XIX i XX wieku. Zwrócono uwagę na to, że zachodnia kultura tego okresu miała charakter scjentystyczny, dlatego przyjęto, że źródeł strachu w tej epoce należy poszukiwać w nauce. Za wyjściowy punkt narastającego lęku wskazano pesymistyczną diagnozę demograficzną Thomasa Roberta Malthusa z 1798 r., natomiast za koncepcje wzmacniające ten lęk uznano teorie degeneracji (Benedict Augustin Morel, Cesare Lombroso, Max Nordau) oraz ewolucjonizm (Charles Darwin, Herbert Spencer) i eugenikę (Francis Galton). Na podstawie analizy tych koncepcji wyprowadzono wniosek, że nauka mogła stać się źródłem strachu przede wszystkim ze względu na niezrealizowanie własnych kryteriów poznania naukowego, w szczególności ze względu na obecność w jej obszarze pewnych przeświadczeń właściwych dla mentalności religijnej, które uczeni naiwnie uznali za już przezwyciężone.
Skończoność a zło. W stronę Jeana Naberta
Authors: Jakubowski Jarosław
Published: March 2023

Nabertowskie ujęcie relacji „skończoność-zło” jest o tyle intrygujące, że wbrew utrwalonemu w wielowiekowej tradycji poglądowi zakłada, że to skończoność jest uwarunkowana przez zło, a nie odwrotnie.  Uzasadniając swój pogląd Nabert prezentuje pogłębioną analizę egzystencjalnych warunków możliwości czynienia zła. Zwraca on uwagę, że pomimo iż mamy poczucie wolnej woli, to okazuje się ono iluzoryczne, gdyż nie jesteśmy w stanie uchwycić źródeł własnych działań. Zdaniem Naberta,  niezdolność do ich uchwycenia nie stanowi jednak najbardziej pierwotnego warunku możliwości czynienia zła. Warunku tego należy poszukiwać  bowiem w konstytuującym naszą egzystencję źródłowym rozdźwięku, zachodzącym między „Ja empirycznym” a „Ja czystym”, czyli w „alienacji fundamentalnej”  Wszelkie cechujące nas ograniczenia są wtórne wobec zła generowanego poprzez ten rozdźwięk, w tym  właśnie sensie   zło poprzedza skończoność. Aby podważyć wskazany wyżej prymat zła nad skończonością, trzeba by rozszerzyć znaczenie pojęcia skończoności uznając, że sama alienacja fundamentalna również może być kwalifikowana jako skończoność. Nawet jednak w takim przypadku pozostałaby do rozstrzygnięcia  kwestia specyficznego typu zła (wskazywanego przez Naberta w dziele Le Désir de Dieu) polegającego na odmowie podejmowania wysiłku przezwyciężenia alienacji fundamentalnej. Odmowa taka może być wszakże odczytywana  jako  czynnik nie tylko potęgujący tę alienację, ale w ostatecznym rozrachunku jako czynnik warunkujący ją.
The present and future of doing Philosophy with Children: Practical philosophy and addressing children and young people’s status in a complex world.
Authors: Cassidy Claire
Published: March 2023

This article considers children’s status in society and how this may be elevated with a view to imagining a possible future. Children’s status is such that the structures and systems under which they live diminish their agency. In so doing, their opportunity to contribute to the shaping of what appears to be an uncertain future is limited. The article proposes that looking towards children as saviours of our tomorrows is misguided and that a healthier view is to recognise the networked nature of children, which recognises children’s humanity and sees them as connected to the world in which and of which they are a part. By accepting the networked nature of children, adults may come to think and behave differently towards children, beginning to see themselves and children as ‘one among many’. This perspective allows for compassion, a notion that supports our living together. This article proposes that Philosophy with Children may offer an approach to engaging in community and dialogue that allows us to think our way to a future that is epistemically inclusive. Ultimately, engaging with children as potential knowers demands that we are more overtly political in the ways in which we engage with Philosophy with Children.
Resgatando o pensamento econômico e social latino-americano: uma revisão das perspectivas da dependência de Ruy Mauro Marini e Celso Furtado
Authors: Serwy Gabriel Rolemberg
Published: March 2023

A discussão sobre desenvolvimento e o subdesenvolvimento na América Latina teve como um de seus principais referenciais teóricos as perspectivas que davam centralidade à dependência. O objetivo deste trabalho é resgatar duas das principais abordagens produzidas utilizando esse conceito – as de Ruy Mauro Marini e Celso Furtado. O resgate é feito em dois momentos: primeiramente, por meio de uma análise em separado de obras de referência destes autores, descrevendo inovações teóricas que essas leituras sugerem no entendimento do subdesenvolvimento dos países latino-americanos. Logo em seguida, parte-se para uma abordagem comparativa de seus aspectos teóricos e metodológicos. Em vista da dificuldade contemporânea em abordar a discussão do subdesenvolvimento por meio de leituras mais afinadas com as particularidades latino-americanas, o presente trabalho pode contribuir para o enriquecimento das discussões do desenvolvimento na atualidade e trazer novamente à  tona antigos problemas intelectuais esquecidos ou abandonados sem a devida consideração mais aprofundada que merecem desde a época em que foram formulados.
Systemic glucose-insulin-potassium reduces skeletal muscle injury, kidney injury, and pain in a murine ischaemia-reperfusion model
Authors: Buchalter Daniel B. , Kirby David J. , Anil Utkarsh , Konda Sanjit R. , Leucht Philipp
Published: March 2023

Aims

Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) is protective following cardiac myocyte ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, however the role of GIK in protecting skeletal muscle from IR injury has not been evaluated. Given the similar mechanisms by which cardiac and skeletal muscle sustain an IR injury, we hypothesized that GIK would similarly protect skeletal muscle viability.

Methods

A total of 20 C57BL/6 male mice (10 control, 10 GIK) sustained a hindlimb IR injury using a 2.5-hour rubber band tourniquet. Immediately prior to tourniquet placement, a subcutaneous osmotic pump was placed which infused control mice with saline (0.9% sodium chloride) and treated mice with GIK (40% glucose, 50 U/l insulin, 80 mEq/L KCl, pH 4.5) at a rate of 16 µl/hr for 26.5 hours. At 24 hours following tourniquet removal, bilateral (tourniqueted and non-tourniqueted) gastrocnemius muscles were triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC)-stained to quantify percentage muscle viability. Bilateral peroneal muscles were used for gene expression analysis, serum creatinine and creatine kinase activity were measured, and a validated murine ethogram was used to quantify pain before euthanasia.

Results

GIK treatment resulted in a significant protection of skeletal muscle with increased viability (GIK 22.07% (SD 15.48%)) compared to saline control (control 3.14% (SD 3.29%)) (p = 0.005). Additionally, GIK led to a statistically significant reduction in gene expression markers of cell death (CASP3, p < 0.001) and inflammation (NOS2, p < 0.001; IGF1, p = 0.007; IL-1β, p = 0.002; TNFα, p = 0.012), and a significant reduction in serum creatine kinase (p = 0.004) and creatinine (p < 0.001). GIK led to a significant reduction in IR-related pain (p = 0.030).

Conclusion

Systemic GIK infusion during and after limb ischaemia protects murine skeletal muscle from cell death, kidneys from reperfusion metabolites, and reduces pain by reducing post-ischaemic inflammation.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(3):212–218.
Rural household food security status and its determinants in Libokemkem woreda of the Amhara region, North Western Ethiopia
Authors: Mebrie Tamene , Ashagrie Ermias
Published: March 2023

The study analyses the household food security situation in Libokemkem woreda of the Amhara region in Ethiopia using 285 randomly selected sample households. The Household Calorie Acquisition (HCA) is used to measure the diet quantity aspect of food insecurity, and 225 kg/year/AE is used as a food security threshold. The Household Diet Diversity Score (HHDDS) is used to measure the diet quality aspect of food insecurity, and consuming four food groups is used as a food security line. Approximately 83 per cent of the total households achieved minimum food security status in terms of diet quantity, and 64 per cent were food secure in terms of diet quality. Determinants of food security in terms of diet quantity and quality were analysed using Tobit and logit regression models, respectively. Sex, family size, farm size, number of oxen, expenditure on agricultural technology, agroecology zone and distance from market centre are statistically significant determinants of food security in terms of diet quantity. On the other hand, sex, education status, off-farming activities, livestock ownership and agroecology zone are statistically significant determinants of food security in terms of diet quality or diversity. The study suggested the urgency of human capital development, increasing the production and productivity of major cereal crops, and promoting labour-intensive rural employment opportunities to break the vicious circle of poverty and food insecurity. It also suggested the promotion of soil and water conservation, livestock rearing and the use of organic fertiliser in highland areas, while mechanised farming for major crops such as rice, onion, chickpea, tomato and garlic is recommended for midland areas.