bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Treatment Protocols in Surgically Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion by Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Cihaner Duygu , Karabulut Derya , Dogan Onur Ozen , Cansiz Erol , Arslan Yunus Ziya
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: Transverse maxillary deficiency is an important maxillary anomaly that is very common in society and remains current in orthodontics. The maxillary expansion has been used in treatment for a long time. While maxillary expansion can be performed with rapid maxillary expansion in young adults, it is performed with surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) in individuals who have reached skeletal maturity. No consensus has been reached on the most successful surgical technique or the ideal appliance for treating transverse maxillary deficiency. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate various surgical techniques and orthodontic appliances for treating transverse maxillary deficiency using the finite element method (FEM) to identify the treatment protocol that minimizes stress on the maxillary bone and teeth. Materials and Methods: On the virtual models obtained from the cone beam computed tomography of a patient, two different incisions (the pterygomaxillary junction is separated and not separated) were made and combined using three different orthodontic appliances (tooth, bone, and hybrid assisted). Then, stresses over the maxillary bone and maxillary teeth were calculated by FEM. Results: Our results showed that when the pterygomaxillary plates were separated, fewer stresses were observed on the bone and teeth. Although hybrid-supported appliances created less stress on the teeth than tooth-supported appliances and no difference was found between bone-supported appliances, it was found that hybrid-supported appliances created less stress on the bone than the other appliances. Conclusions: The separation of the pterygomaxillary junction in the SARME operation and the use of a bone-supported or hybrid-supported appliance would place less stress on the bone and teeth.
Exploring the Potential Influence of the Human Gut Microbiota on the Gut Resistome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fri Justine , Raphalalani Mulalo , Mavhandu-Ramarumo Lufuno Grace , Bessong Pascal Obong
Published: August 2024

Antibiotic resistance is a global health problem. The human gut microbiome is implicated in the dynamics of antibiotic resistance acquisition and transmission, with the gut microbiota thought to play a crucial role. This study aimed to determine the potential influence of the human gut bacteria microbiota on the gut resistome and the relationship between the gut microbiota and Escherichia coli resistome. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guideline was used to systematically review studies that characterized the gut microbiota and resistome using metagenomic analysis and/or those that reported gut E. coli resistome in healthy individuals. Changes in the diversity and abundance of the bacterial gut microbiota and the resistome across different time points and participant groups were summarized. Additionally, using E. coli resistome as a proxy for the gut resistome, the microbiota composition of the gut harboring antibiotic-resistant E. coli was examined. The findings suggest that lower bacterial microbiota diversity is likely associated with an increased abundance of the overall gut resistome. Age-related differences were observed, with younger infants exhibiting lower microbiota diversity and higher antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) abundance compared to older infants and adults. Studies that reported positive correlations between the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and ARGs were mainly driven by members within the Enterobacteriaceae family, mainly E. coli. This study also reveals that human gut microbiome studies investigating the gut resistome using metagenomic sequencing approaches in healthy individuals are uncommon.
Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Garlic Peel Extract and Their Antibacterial Potential
Authors: Abdelmoteleb Ali , Valdez-Salas Benjamín , Beltran-Partida Ernesto , Mendez-Trujillo Vianey , González-Mendoza Daniel , Tzintzun-Camacho Olivia , Roumia Ahmed F.
Published: August 2024

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have gathered interest because of their unique characteristics and potential applications. In the current work, ZnO NPs underwent an eco-friendly biosynthesis process using garlic peel extract. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs were characterized using different analyses including Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The produced ZnO NPs exhibited a UV–vis spectrum absorption peak at 365 nm, thus indicating the formation of ZnO NPs. The SEM showed that the biosynthesized ZnO NPs had an irregular surface morphological shape with an average size of 17 nm, according to the DLS analysis. Based on the FTIR findings, the bioactive functional groups responsible for stabilizing and capping the ZnO-NPs were confirmed. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs exhibited 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumonia). Therefore, the plant-mediated biosynthesized ZnNPs can be considered a promising candidate as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent against pathogenic microbes found in different areas such as food safety and agriculture. Through the utilization of bioinformatics, we identified six potential targets for drug development in K. pneumonia and B. cereus, along with their corresponding interacting residues with zinc oxide nanoparticles. Additionally, our research revealed that the zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibited binding capabilities with the sulfiredoxin domain located at the specific targets of K. pneumonia, a crucial mechanism responsible for the repair of bacterial cells under oxidative stress.
Integrating Null Controllability and Model-Based Safety Assessment for Enhanced Reliability in Drone Design
Authors: Motahari Rad Zahra , Liscouët Jonathan
Published: August 2024

The increasing use of drones for safety-critical applications, particularly beyond visual lines of sight and over densely populated areas, necessitates safer and more reliable designs. To address this need, this paper introduces a novel methodology integrating Null Controllability with the Model-Based Safety Assessment (MBSA) framework AltaRica 3.0 to optimize propulsor configurations and system architectures. The main advancement of this method lies in the automation of reliability modeling and the integration of controllability assessment, eliminating restrictions on the types of propulsor configurations and system architectures that can be evaluated and significantly reducing the effort required for each design iteration. Through a hexarotor drone case study, the proposed method enabled a high number of design iterations, efficiently exploring various aspects of the design problem simultaneously, such as configuration, system architecture, and controllability hypothesis, which is not possible with state-of-the-art techniques. This approach demonstrated significant reliability improvements by implementing and optimizing redundancies, reducing the probability of loss of control by up to 99%. The case study also highlighted the increasing difficulty of enhancing reliability with each iteration and confirmed that it is unnecessary to consider more than two simultaneous failures for design optimization. A comparison of reliability figures with previous studies highlights the crucial role of system architecture in effectively enhancing drone design reliability. This work advances the field by providing an effective multidisciplinary modeling framework for drone design, enhancing reliability in safety-critical applications.
A Spatiotemporal Locomotive Axle Temperature Prediction Approach Based on Ensemble Graph Convolutional Recurrent Unit Networks
Authors: Li Ye , Yang Limin , Wan Yutong , Bai Yu
Published: August 2024

Spatiotemporal axle temperature forecasting is crucial for real-time failure detection in locomotive control systems, significantly enhancing reliability and facilitating early maintenance. Motivated by the need for more accurate and reliable prediction models, this paper proposes a novel ensemble graph convolutional recurrent unit network. This innovative approach aims to develop a highly reliable and accurate spatiotemporal axle temperature forecasting model, thereby increasing locomotive safety and operational efficiency. The modeling structure involves three key steps: (1) the GCN module extracts and aggregates spatiotemporal temperature data and deep feature information from the raw data of different axles; (2) these features are fed into GRU and BiLSTM networks for modeling and forecasting; (3) the ICA algorithm optimizes the fusion weight coefficients to combine the forecasting results from GRU and BiLSTM, achieving superior outcomes. Comparative experiments demonstrate that the proposed model achieves RMSE values of 0.2517 °C, 0.2011 °C, and 0.2079 °C across three temperature series, respectively, indicating superior prediction accuracy and reduced errors compared to benchmark models in all experimental scenarios. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test further confirms the statistical significance of the result improvements with high confidence.
AutoRL-Sim: Automated Reinforcement Learning Simulator for Combinatorial Optimization Problems
Authors: Souza Gleice Kelly Barbosa , Ottoni André Luiz Carvalho
Published: August 2024

Reinforcement learning is a crucial area of machine learning, with a wide range of applications. To conduct experiments in this research field, it is necessary to define the algorithms and parameters to be applied. However, this task can be complex because of the variety of possible configurations. In this sense, the adoption of AutoRL systems can automate the selection of these configurations, simplifying the experimental process. In this context, this work aims to propose a simulation environment for combinatorial optimization problems using AutoRL. The AutoRL-Sim includes several experimentation modules that cover studies on the symmetric traveling salesman problem, the asymmetric traveling salesman problem, and the sequential ordering problem. Furthermore, parameter optimization is performed using response surface models. The AutoRL-Sim simulator allows users to conduct experiments in a more practical way, without the need to worry about implementation. Additionally, they have the ability to analyze post-experiment data or save them for future analysis.
Optimizing the Electrode Geometry of an In-Plane Unimorph Piezoelectric Microactuator for Maximum Deflection
Authors: Megginson Parker , Clark Jason , Clarson Ryan
Published: August 2024

Piezoelectric microactuators have been widely used for actuation, sensing, and energy harvesting. While out-of-plane piezoelectric configurations are well established, both in-plane deflection and asymmetric electrode placement have been underexplored in terms of actuation efficiency. This study explores the impact of asymmetric electrode geometry on the performance of slender unimorph actuators that deflect in-plane, where actuator length is much larger than width or thickness. After validating the finite element modeling method against experimental data, the geometric parameters of the proposed unimorph model are manipulated to explore the effect of different electrode geometries and layer thicknesses on actuation efficiency. Four key findings were that (1) the fringing field within the piezoelectric material plays a measurable role in performance, (2) symmetry in electrode placement is generally nonoptimal, (3) optimal electrode geometry is independent of scale, and (4) the smaller the ratio of width to thickness, the larger the deflection. The findings contribute to the development of efficient design strategies that optimize the performance of planar actuators for potential implications for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). To aid designers of piezoelectric unimorph actuators in determining the optimal electrode geometry, three types of parameterized figures and two types of simulation apps are provided.
Choosing the Design of a Radial-Shear Rolling Mill for Obtaining a Screw Profile
Authors: Lezhnev Sergey , Naizabekov Abdrakhman , Tolkushkin Andrey , Panin Evgeniy , Kuis Dmitry , Arbuz Alexandr , Tsyba Pavel , Shyraeva Elena
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this work is a comparative analysis of the workpiece shape, and parameters of the stress-strain state during deformation on two radial-shear rolling mills with different roll configurations to determine the most suitable scheme for obtaining a screw reinforcement profile. During the FEM simulation of the radial-shear rolling process in the DEFORM program, a comparison of the workpiece shape change after rolling, equivalent strain, damage index, and Lode–Nadai index was carried out. Steel 10 (analogue of AISI 1010) was chosen as material workpiece. The analysis of the obtained data revealed that the most rational choice for the implementation of the reinforcement profile production process is the radial-shear rolling mill RSR 10-30. Subsequent modeling of the combined process of radial-shear rolling and twisting in a screw matrix showed that when using rolls of RSR 10-30 mill, the screw profile of the workpiece is formed successfully, whereas using rolls of the SVP-08 mill, the formation of a screw profile is impossible due to jamming due to an irregular cross-section shape. A laboratory experiment confirmed the possibility of forming a screw reinforcement profile at RSR 10-30 mill, and an assessment of the geometric parameters of the final workpiece showed full compliance with the dimensions of the profiles obtained during modeling and experiment.
HSPB4/CRYAA Protect Photoreceptors during Retinal Detachment in Part through FAIM2 Regulation
Authors: Besirli Cagri G. , Nath Madhu , Yao Jingyu , Pawar Mercy , Myers Angela M. , Zacks David , Fort Patrice E.
Published: August 2024

Our previous study discussed crystallin family induction in an experimental rat model of retinal detachment. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate the role of α-crystallin in photoreceptor survival in an experimental model of retinal detachment, as well as its association with the intrinsically neuroprotective protein Fas-apoptotic inhibitory molecule 2 (FAIM2). Separation of retina and RPE was induced in rat and mouse eyes by subretinal injection of hyaluronic acid. Retinas were subsequently analyzed for the presence αA-crystallin (HSPB4) and αB-crystallin (HSPB5) proteins using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Photoreceptor death was analyzed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and cell counts. The 661W cells subjected to FasL were used as a cell model of photoreceptor degeneration to assess the mechanisms of the protective effect of αA-crystallin and its dependence on its phosphorylation on T148. We further evaluated the interaction between FAIM2 and αA-crystallin using a co-immunoprecipitation assay. Our results showed that α-crystallin protein levels were rapidly induced in response to retinal detachment, with αA-crystallin playing a particularly important role in protecting photoreceptors during retinal detachment. Our data also show that the photoreceptor intrinsically neuroprotective protein FAIM2 is induced and interacts with α-crystallins following retinal detachment. Mechanistically, our work also demonstrated that the phosphorylation of αA-crystallin is important for the interaction of αA-crystallin with FAIM2 and their neuroprotective effect. Thus, αA-crystallin is involved in the regulation of photoreceptor survival during retinal detachment, playing a key role in the stabilization of FAIM2, serving as an important modulator of photoreceptor cell survival under chronic stress conditions.
NMDA Suppresses Pancreatic ABCA1 Expression through the MEK/ERK/LXR Pathway in Pancreatic Beta Cells
Authors: Saheki Takanobu , Imachi Hitomi , Fukunaga Kensaku , Sato Seisuke , Kobayashi Toshihiro , Yoshimura Takafumi , Saheki Nao , Murao Koji
Published: August 2024

Dysfunction or loss of pancreatic β cells can cause insulin deficiency and impaired glucose regulation, resulting in conditions like type 2 diabetes. The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays a key role in the reverse cholesterol transport system, and its decreased expression is associated with pancreatic β cell lipotoxicity, resulting in abnormal insulin synthesis and secretion. Increased glutamate release can cause glucotoxicity in β cells, though the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the effect of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) on ABCA1 expression in INS-1 cells and primary pancreatic islets to elucidate the signaling mechanisms that suppress insulin secretion. Using Western blotting, microscopy, and biochemical analyses, we found that NMDA activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)-dependent pathway, suppressing ABCA1 protein and mRNA expression. The MEK-specific inhibitor PD98059 restored ABCA1 promoter activity, indicating the involvement of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK) pathway. Furthermore, we identified the liver X receptor (LXR) as an effector transcription factor in NMDA regulation of ABCA1 transcription. NMDA treatment increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels while decreasing insulin secretion, even under high-glucose conditions. These effects were abrogated by treatment with PD98059. This study reveals that NMDA suppresses ABCA1 expression via the MEK/ERK/LXR pathway, providing new insights into the pathological suppression of insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells and emphasizing the importance of investigating the role of NMDA in β cell dysfunction.
Is Maternal Selenium Status Associated with Pregnancy Outcomes in Physiological and Complicated Pregnancy?
Authors: Pieczyńska Joanna , Płaczkowska Sylwia , Sozański Rafał , Grajeta Halina
Published: August 2024

Selenium is essential for the synthesis and function of various selenoenzymes, such as glutathione peroxidases, selenoprotein P, and thioredoxin reductase. These enzymes play a critical role in both antioxidant defense and in limiting oxidative damage. Numerous studies have reported associations between serum selenium concentration, obstetric complications and pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine whether the dietary intake of selenium, its serum concentration, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase in subsequent trimesters of pregnancy affect the birth condition of newborns. This was assessed based on the APGAR score in the 1st and 5th minute of life, birth weight, body length and head and chest circumference in both physiological and complicated pregnancy courses. Twenty-seven pregnant women, with a mean age of 29.6 ± 4.8 years from the Lower Silesia region of Poland, participated in the study. Fifty-five percent of the study group experienced pregnancy complications. The median reported selenium intake and serum selenium content for Polish pregnant women in the first trimester was 56.30 μg/day and 43.89 μg/L, respectively. These figures changed in the second trimester to 58.31 μg/day and 41.97 μg/L and in the third trimester to 55.60 μg/day and 41.90 μg/L. In the subgroup of pregnant women with a physiological pregnancy course, a weak, positive correlation was observed in the first trimester between Se intake and the length (R = 0.48, p = 0.019) and the birth weight of newborns (R = 0.472, p = 0.022). In the second trimester, a positive correlation was noted with the APGAR score at the 1st (R = 0.680, p = 0.005) and 5th minutes (R = 0.55, p = 0.033), and in the third trimester with the APGAR score at the 1st minute (R = 0.658, p = 0.019). The glutathione peroxidase activity had a strong positive correlation with the APGAR score at the 1st min (R = 0.650, p = 0.008) in the second trimester and with the birth weight of the newborns (R = 0.598, p = 0.039) in the third trimester. No correlation was found between newborns’ birth measurements and serum selenium concentration. In the subgroup of pregnant women with complications, a strong, negative correlation was found between Se intake in the second trimester and gestational age (R = −0.618, p = 0.032). In the third trimester, a positive correlation was noted between Se concentration in serum and head circumference (R = 0.587, p = 0.021). The results indicate that maternal selenium status during pregnancy, including dietary intake, serum concentration, and glutathione peroxidase activity, correlates with anthropometric parameters of the newborn, such as birth weight, length, and APGAR score, especially in pregnancies with a physiological course. However, these relationships diminish in importance when pregnancy complications occur.
Why Are Healthcare Providers Leaving Their Jobs? A Convergent Mixed-Methods Investigation of Turnover Intention among Canadian Healthcare Providers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: D’Alessandro-Lowe Andrea M. , Brown Andrea , Sullo Emily , Pichtikova Mina , Karram Mauda , Mirabelli James , McCabe Randi E. , McKinnon Margaret C. , Ritchie Kim
Published: August 2024

Background: Staffing shortages across the healthcare sector pose a threat to the continuity of the Canadian healthcare system in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. We sought to understand factors associated with turnover intention as well as Canadian healthcare providers’ (HCPs) perspectives and experiences with turnover intention as related to both organizational and professional turnover. Method: A convergent questionnaire mixed-methods design was employed. Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regressions were used to analyze quantitative data and ascertain factors associated with turnover intention. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative open-field textbox data and understand HCPs’ perspectives and experiences with turnover intention. Results: Quantitative analyses revealed that 78.6% of HCPs surveyed (N = 398) reported at least a 25% turnover likelihood regarding their organization, with 67.5% reporting at least a 25% turnover likelihood regarding their profession. Whereas regression models revealed the significant impact of years worked, burnout, and organizational support on turnover likelihood for organizations, age, sex, burnout, and organizational support contributed to the likelihood of leaving a profession. Patterns of meaning drawn from participants’ qualitative responses were organized according to the following four themes: (1) Content to stay, (2) Drowning and no one cares, (3) Moral stressors, and (4) Wrestling with the costs and benefits. Conclusions: Many HCPs described weighing the costs and benefits of leaving their organization or profession during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although challenging working conditions, moral stressors, and burnout may play a significant role in HCPs’ experiences of turnover intention, there is ample room to intervene with organizational support.
Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes about Adult Post-Operative Pain Assessment and Management: Cross Sectional Study in Qatar
Authors: Samara Haya , O’Hara Lily , Singh Kalpana
Published: August 2024

Background: Pain is a complex and challenging phenomenon. People have different pain experiences, but everyone has the right to effective pain management. Pain assessment and management are integral components of a nurse’s role. Aim: To assess the knowledge and attitudes of nurses in Qatar about adult post-operative patients’ pain assessment and management, and the factors that may be associated with such knowledge and attitudes. Methods: Post-operative registered nurses from all peri-operative areas at Hamad Medical Corporation participated in a cross-sectional online survey using a self-administered questionnaire. A knowledge and attitudes (K&A) score was calculated. Associations between K&A and potential explanatory variables were assessed using t-tests and one-way ANOVA. Results: A total of 151 post-operative nurses participated in the study. The mean knowledge and attitudes (K&A) score was 19.6 ± 4.5 out of 41 (48%), indicating a large deficit in nurses’ knowledge and attitudes about adult post-operative pain. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean K&A scores of participants based on gender, nationality, education level, marital status, workplace facility, current job designation, or hours of pain education. Conclusions: There is a significant deficit in post-operative nurses’ knowledge and attitudes about pain across the nursing workforce in post-operative care. Implications for nursing education and policy: Evidence-based, innovative nursing education courses are needed to improve nurses’ knowledge and attitudes about pain assessment and management. Health service policy is required to ensure that evidence-based in-service education on pain management is compulsory for all nurses. This study was not registered.
Cardiac Rehabilitation to Inpatient Heart Transplant—HRN4HTx Intervention Protocol
Authors: Loureiro Maria , Parola Vítor , Duarte João , Oliveira Isabel , Antunes Margarida , Coutinho Gonçalo , Martins Maria Manuela , Novo André
Published: August 2024

Heart transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for terminal heart failure. Despite being successful, pre- and post-transplant limitations interfere with patients’ functional capacity, self-care, and quality of life post-surgery. Rehabilitation is necessary to address these limitations, prevent complications, and promote a safe return home. This study analyzes the safety of a phase 1 cardiac rehabilitation protocol (RN4HTx) in heart transplant patients and its effects on self-care capacity. A quantitative, descriptive study was conducted with 19 heart transplant recipients. The protocol was implemented in collaboration with a rehabilitation professional, who monitored adverse events, hemodynamic variables, self-care capacity (Barthel) pre- and post-transplant, and functional capacity at discharge (6 min walk test). The results showed that 68.42% of recipients were men, with an average age of 50.21 years and 15 days of hospitalization post-transplant. Approximately 73.68% of recipients were transferred from other wards with changes in functional capacity. All patients progressed to the final stage of the program without adverse events. There was a notable improvement in self-care capacity before and after transplantation, with a measure of functional status of 310.035 m (6MWT). The study found that RN4HTx is a feasible cardiac rehabilitation program without adverse events in the immediate postoperative period following heart transplantation, positively impacting functional recovery and therapeutic self-care capacity, thus increasing the safety of returning home. This study was retrospectively registered on Clinical Trials—NCT06552390.
Nurses and Managers’ Time Management Skills Assessment: A National Survey in the Italian Healthcare Setting
Authors: Filomeno Lucia , Chaoui Yassin , Scinicariello Antonietta , Minciullo Andrea , Di Mario Sofia
Published: August 2024

One of the key strategies for the success of health organizations currently resides in the ability to develop advanced competencies in time management. Individuals who are able to spend their time efficiently are those who do not focus on a single issue within the allotted time but rather spread their time among several tasks. This study aims to investigate the attitudes, beliefs and knowledge towards the time management of nurses (clinicians, first-line and middle-level nurse managers) in their daily work. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted in private and public settings across Italy. Time management was assessed using the University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti—Laboratory of Business Psychology’s Questionnaire. Among the respondents (N = 74), 67.6% were female, and the age range was 51–60 years (40.5%). The three reported sections (Time management, Health conditions and Ability to delegate) showed several items with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Anxiety, stress and negative perceptions are statistically related to time management skills and knowledge. Healthcare institutions and regulatory bodies should provide resources and support to nurses and managers to improve their time management. The topic is of paramount importance and forms the basis of all work performed.
Moral Distress and Its Determinants among Nursing Students in an Italian University: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bulfone Giampiera , Bressan Valentina , Zerilli Irene , Vinci Antonio , Mazzotta Rocco , Ingravalle Fabio , Maurici Massimo
Published: August 2024

Background: Moral Distress (MD) is a unique form of distress that occurs when people believe they know the ethically correct action to take but are constrained from doing so. Limited clinical experience and insufficient ethical knowledge contribute to nursing students’ MD, which can potentially cause negative outcomes. The aims of this study are: (1) to describe the MD intensity of nursing students, and (2) to analyze differences and associations between MD intensity and socio-demographic and academic variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study design with a convenience sample of the second, third, and delayed graduation students was included; only students willing to participate and who had attended their scheduled internships in the last six months were eligible for inclusion. To measure the level of MD, we used the It-ESMEE. We collected socio-demographic and academic variables. The data collection occurred from January 2024 to March 2024. Results: The students who adhered to the collection were N = 344. The findings reveal that the students perceived a high level of MD in situations related to clinical internship and class. They perceived higher levels of MD when nursing was not their first career choice, were separated or divorced, did not have children, and were not an employed student. The overall MD score is statistically significantly lower among students who had nursing as their first career choice (β = −0.267, p < 0.05), have children (β = −0.470, p < 0.01), and are employed (β = −0.417, p < 0.01). In contrast, being separated or divorced (β = 0.274, p < 0.01) was associated with a higher MD score. Conclusions: This study has some limitations: data reflect a local context, and the findings may not be generalizable to other regions or educational environments. Additionally, students’ recollections of their experiences could be influenced by the passage of time, and there may be a selection bias since only students willing to participate were included. The findings suggest that nursing education programs should incorporate more robust training in ethical decision-making and stress management to better prepare students for the moral challenges in their professional practice.
Transorbital Alternating Current Stimulation in Glaucoma: State of the Art from Neurophysiological Bases to Clinical Practice
Authors: Granata Giuseppe , Delicati Sharon , Falsini Benedetto
Published: August 2024

Recovery after visual loss is a key goal of neuroscience and treatments able to improve visual function are still largely lacking. Glaucoma, one of the leading causes of visual disability in the world, is usually associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), but a subset of “normal tension glaucoma” patients develop damage without ever manifesting high IOP. Sometimes, even in patients with good control of IOP, retinal ganglion cell degeneration can progress to forward blindness. Moreover, usually the damage already caused by the disease remains. These considerations underline the need to find new, effective treatments and solutions to add to the standard ones. In this paper, we expose the most important data supporting the use of alternating current stimulation, including the theoretical bases of this approach, in glaucoma.
Residual Cyst Mimicking an Aggressive Neoplasm—A Life-Threatening Condition
Authors: Lis Emilia , Gontarz Michał , Marecik Tomasz , Wyszyńska-Pawelec Grażyna , Bargiel Jakub
Published: August 2024

Odontogenic cysts are frequently encountered in clinical practice. However, residual cysts, a specific type of inflammatory odontogenic cyst, are relatively rare. These cysts may slowly expand over time, damaging surrounding soft tissues and bone, typically without posing a threat to life. We report the case of a 67-year-old man with liver failure and a cystic tumor in his right maxilla that had invaded his oral cavity and cheek, causing nasal obstruction and severe bleeding following an incisional biopsy. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the mass was nonspecific, and an initial histopathological analysis of the tissues was inconclusive due to chronic inflammation and hemorrhagic alterations, complicating the diagnostic pathway. The suspicion of a potentially aggressive malignant neoplasm and the need for immediate intervention due to bleeding necessitated a tracheotomy, tumor removal, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, and transfusions of red blood cells. A subsequent histopathological examination revealed features indicative of a residual cyst. The entire lesion was excised through functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The surgical treatment was performed safely and effectively. Follow-up CT confirmed complete removal of the lesion. This case highlights a rare yet possible complication of odontogenic cysts and underscores the necessity of early diagnosis and comprehensive prophylaxis to prevent severe complications.
Early Weight-Bearing Using Narrow Symmetrical Distal Fibular Plate: Preliminary Results
Authors: Tigani Domenico , Leonida Corrado Maria , Mobilia Giuseppe , Donadono Cesare , Ortolani Alessandro , Melucci Giuseppe , Stallone Stefano
Published: August 2024

Background: Ankle fractures, comprising about 10% of musculoskeletal injuries, pose a significant healthcare burden with an increasing incidence, particularly among an aging population. This study focuses on isolated Danis-Weber type B fractures. Recent trends lean towards surgical intervention for anatomical restoration and quicker recovery, albeit with associated complications. This report aims to assess the safety and efficacy of the NewClip narrow locking plate system with early weight-bearing in treating isolated fibular fractures. Methods: The study includes patients with Danis-Weber type B fractures surgically treated with the NewClip narrow locking plate system. Exclusions involved nondisplaced fractures, open fractures, or those requiring additional fixation. Results: Fifteen patients were enrolled in this study. Minor complications, including wound swelling, were observed in two cases. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain exhibited a steady decline postoperatively, with almost complete resolution by the third month. At three months, the FAOS demonstrated excellent results, and a final follow-up at twelve months revealed complete osseous healing without complications. Conclusions: The use of this type of plate in treating isolated fibular fractures with early weight-bearing shows promising results in terms of fracture healing, pain resolution, and functional outcomes, warranting further investigation with larger cohorts.
Epidemiological Investigation of Animal Brucellosis in Domestic Ruminants in Greece from 2015 to 2022 and Genetic Characterization of Prevalent Strains
Authors: Emmanouil Mary , Vourvidis Dimitrios , Kyrma Anna , Makka Sofia , Horefti Elina , Angelakis Emmanouil
Published: August 2024

Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases in Greece, causing a significant burden on both human and animal vitality as well as economic loss. The present study was conducted from 2015 to 2022 on 711,415 serum samples by determining the seroepidemiology of Brucellosis among livestock in 24 geographical areas in Greece using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and the complement fixation test (CFT) and further performing genetic analysis of Brucella spp. by species-specific real-time PCR and MLVA Brucella analysis. A total of 3086 serum samples from goats, sheep, and cattle showed positive results using the RBT and CFT, and only strongly positive samples (n = 800) were preserved in the Βlood Bank of the Veterinary Laboratory of Brucellosis. From these, 212 sera samples were randomly selected for molecular and genetic analysis. The results indicated that the incidence rate of Brucellosis is higher in cattle herds in comparison with other animal species. Overall, 48 samples tested positive by real-time PCR, of which forty-seven of them were B. abortus and one was B. melitensis. Genetic analysis of two B. abortus samples revealed a common pattern, indicating two Bruce04, two Bruce18, four Bruce07, two Bruce09, three Bruce16, and four Bruce30 for both samples, which, interestingly, were not identical with the known genotypes in the public MLVA Brucella database. Our findings substantiate that animal Brucellosis remains a health issue in Greece, with a stable but apparent incidence rate, and further investigation is needed to fully characterize the newly identified Brucella strains in Greece.
Carrier-Free Hybrid Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy in Oral Carcinoma via Reversal of Hypoxia and Oxidative Resistance
Authors: Li Xiao , Li Zhiyin , Su Yue , Zhou Jia , Li Yuxiang , Zhao Qianqian , Yang Xia , Shi Leilei , Shen Lingyue
Published: August 2024

In the present work, we pioneered a coordinated self-assembly approach aimed at fabricating carrier-free hybrid nanoparticles to address the inherent challenges of the anaerobic microenvironment and the oxidative resistance induced by reductive glutathione (GSH) in photodynamic therapy (PDT). In these nanoparticles, protoporphyrin IX (PP), HIF-1α inhibitor of N, Nʹ-(2,5-Dichlorosulfonyl) cystamine KC7F2 (KC), and the cofactor Fe3+ present hydrogen bond and coordination interaction. The nanoparticles exhibited efficient cellular uptake by CAL-27 cells, facilitating their accumulation in tumors by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Under irradiation at 650 nm, the formation of cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O2) would be enhanced by the synergy effect on the Fenton reaction of Fe3+ ion and the downregulation of the HIF-1α, leading to the improved PDT efficacy both in vitro and in vivo biological studies. Our work opens a new supramolecular approach to prepare hybrid nanoparticles for effective synergy therapy with PDT against cancer cells.
Multifunctional Bioactivity Electrospinning Nanofibers Encapsulating Emodin Provide a Potential Postoperative Management Strategy for Skin Cancer
Authors: Ye Peiwen , Yusufu Reyisha , Guan Zhenfeng , Chen Tiantian , Li Siyi , Feng Yanping , Zeng Xiaoyan , Lu Jingya , Luo Muxiang , Wei Fenghuan
Published: August 2024

Skin cancer is threatening more and more people’s health; its postoperative recurrence and wound infection are still critical challenges. Therefore, specialty wound dressings with multifunctional bioactivity are urgently desired. Emodin is a natural anthraquinone compound that has anti-cancer and anti-bacterial properties. Herein, we fabricated coaxial electrospinning nanofibers loaded with emodin to exploit a multifunctional wound dressing for skin cancer postoperative management, which encapsulated emodin in a polyvinylpyrrolidone core layer, combined with chitosan-polycaprolactone as a shell layer. The nanofibers were characterized via morphology, physicochemical nature, drug load efficiency, pH-dependent drug release profiles, and biocompatibility. Meanwhile, the anti-cancer and anti-bacterial effects were evaluated in vitro. The emodin-loaded nanofibers exhibited smooth surfaces with a relatively uniform diameter distribution and a clear shell-core structure; remarkably, emodin was evenly dispersed in the nanofibers with significantly enhanced dissolution of emodin. Furthermore, they not only display good wettability, high emodin entrapment efficiency, and biphasic release profile but also present superior biocompatibility and anti-cancer properties by increasing the levels of MDA and ROS in A-375 and HSC-1 cells via apoptosis-related pathway, and long-term anti-bacterial effects in a dose-independent manner. The findings indicate that the emodin-loaded nanofiber wound dressing can provide a potential treatment strategy for skin cancer postoperative management.
Photo-Activated Carbon Dots as Catalysts in Knoevenagel Condensation: An Advance in the Synthetic Field
Authors: Michenzi Cinzia , Scaramuzzo Francesca , Salvitti Chiara , Pepi Federico , Troiani Anna , Chiarotto Isabella
Published: August 2024

Photoinduced chemical reactions and the development of new materials represent a current and significant topic. We present a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to the Knoevenagel condensation reaction involving carbonyl and active methylene compounds. Our method utilizes photo-activated carbon dots (CDs) derived from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5HMF) within an aqueous medium and does not require acidic, basic, or thermal conditions. This protocol operates effectively with aromatic, aliphatic, and heteroaromatic aldehydes and ketones. The 5HMF-derived-CDs can be reused four times without significant loss of activity. Moreover, this methodology is suitable for scaling up reactions, thereby highlighting its potential for industrial applications.
Cryogenic Thermo-Optical Coefficient of SU-8 Measured Using a Racetrack Resonator at 850 nm
Authors: Medina-Rangel Salvador A. , Maraviglia Nicola , O’Hara John , Vorobev Artem S. , Iadanza Simone , Pelucchi Emanuele , O’Faolain Liam
Published: August 2024

SU-8 is an emerging polymer material for integrated optical circuits that has demonstrated good structural properties in a cryogenic environment. In this article, we investigate the thermo-optical properties of SU-8 for a wavelength λ=850 nm, from room temperature to cryogenic temperature down to 14 K. To measure the material properties, we designed and fabricated SU-8 racetrack resonators via electron beam lithography. While cooling the device in a closed-cycle cryostat, we measured the resonance spectrum as a function of the temperature from which we determined the temperature-induced variations of the group and effective indices of the waveguide. With the aid of waveguide eigenmode simulations, we used these data to derive the temperature dependence of the SU-8 refractive index nSU−8T. At room temperature (T~295 K), the thermo-optic coefficient dnSU−8/dT=−5.3±0.2×10−5 K−1. At low temperature (T~14 K), dnSU−8/dT=−1.27±0.05×10−4 K−1. Our research shows the potential of SU-8 photonics in a cryogenic environment, suitable for the integration with quantum light sources emitting in the near infrared (NIR).
Survey on the Traditional Use of Medicinal Herbs in Haiti: A Study on Knowledge, Practices, and Efficacy Prevention
Authors: Thesnor Valendy , Cheremond Yvens , Sylvestre Muriel , Meffre Patrick , Cebrián-Torrejón Gerardo , Benfodda Zohra
Published: August 2024

The use of medicinal herbs is highly developed in Haiti. However, there is a significant lack of knowledge in the literature on medicinal plants and their uses. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and practices of Haitian families for the prevention/treatment of COVID-19, influenza, and respiratory diseases, as well as the mode of preparation and administration of the plants. Individuals were interviewed using the TRAMIL questionnaire as the information holder. The data obtained were analyzed by calculating 5 indices (relative frequency of citation, use value, the family use value, informant consensus factor, and fidelity level). The study surveyed 120 Haitians and collected 75 plants from 43 botanical families. The botanical family most used for all these preventions and remedies is the Lamiaceae. The highest ranked species with a relative frequency of citation value > 0.3. Infusion, decoction, and in the form of punch are the methods used for the remedies. The study found that the use of herbal remedies is still prevalent in the study area, and many of the commonly used plants have been scientifically validated. However, some plants, such as Samyda rosea Sims, lack sufficient research and are recommended for further investigation.
Effects of Paclobutrazol on Reproductive and Vegetative Traits of Phalaenopsis Join Grace ‘TH288-4’
Authors: Lu Yi-Chien , Chen Yu-Huan , Huang Ting-Hsuan , Liu Ruo-Yi , Shen Rong-Show
Published: August 2024

Phalaenopsis is the most popular potted plant worldwide. However, its typically long stalks often lead to increased shipping costs and risks. This study investigates the effectiveness of varying the concentration, timing, and frequency of paclobutrazol (PP333) applications on shortening the stalk of Phalaenopsis Join Grace ‘TH288-4’. Concurrently, it also examines the potential for producing visually appealing and single-flower potted phalaenopsis products by means of truncation. Mature phalaenopsis plants were moved to a cool room in the seventh week to induce flowering. Four experimental groups were established based on different PP333 application schedules: the control (CK) group, with reverse osmosis water application in the second week; the T2 group, with a single application in the second week; the T2T3 group, with applications in both the second and third weeks; and the T7T8 group, with applications in the seventh and eighth weeks. The PP333 concentrations used were 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg·L−1, applied as foliar sprays. The results showed that the shortest stalks, measured from the base to the first flower, were observed in the T2 group treated with PP333 at 750 mg·L−1 and in the T2T3 group with PP333 at 500, 750, and 1000 mg·L−1. These treatments resulted in stalk lengths of 19.18–22.17 cm, which are 67.2–71.6% shorter than the controls. PP333 application had minimal effect on the stalk diameter, pedicel length, flower width, length, and length/width ratio. However, root diameter was thicker in plants treated with PP333 compared with the control plants. For producing single-flower phalaenopsis, a foliar spray of 750 mg·L−1 PP333 is recommended approximately a month before moving the plants to cooler conditions, followed by truncation, retaining only the first flower. As a result, this study establishes a PP333 treatment protocol for phalaenopsis, offering a strategy to effectively shorten the stalks.