bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bukhara and the World through the Views of Jadid and Traveler Mirzo Sirodjiddin Hakim
Authors: Rizoev Shamsiddin Kh.
Published: June 2023

The article examines the combined travelogue of Bukhara traveler, Jadid and doctor Mirzo Sirodjiddin Hakim - “Tuhafi ahli Bukhoro [Gifts to Bukharians].” The text written in Persian and published in 1912, with the permission of the imperial authorities in Bukhara, combines a wide range of lexical constructions of the modern era and traditional Arabic-language structures. The purpose of the article is to analyze the subjective ideas of Mirzo Sirodjiddin Hakim of Bukhara, the West, the East, and Russia. The structure of the article is determined by the need to reconstruct the biography of the author of the travelogue and, to identify the features of the social and cultural context that influenced the formation of his worldview. The “Tuhafi ahli Bukhoro” was used as the main source in the article, and while an additional book published in Tehran in 1990 on the text was used as an additional comparative source. The methodological basis of the research is through both biographical and post-colonial approaches. The author reveals that the ideas expressed by Mirzo Sirodjiddin Hakim are largely the result of the experience and practices acquired from his travels. These identified narratives, through which Hakim combined his own knowledge of regional cultures, uses Islamic rhetoric, as well as modern discourse to express an assessment of the position of the Islamic world in the context of rivalry with Christian civilization. Whereas Mirzo Sirojiddin Hakim considered Europe to be the ideal of a progressive society, he perceived Russia as a more important civilizer of the Asian peoples and believed that the progressive future of Bukhara needed to be closer associated with Russia.
‘Biography’ by Ibrahim Makhmudov: a Soviet Party Leader Views on a Rural Muslim Community of the Early 20th Century
Authors: Imasheva Marina M.
Published: June 2023

The author analyzes the memoirs of Ibrahim Makhmudovich Makhmudov (1893-1970), an Astrakhan Yurt Tatar, one of the active builders of the Soviet system in the Tatar villages of the Astrakhan region. Shortly before his death, in 1969, I.M. Makhmudov completed a handwritten version of his memoirs, in which he reflected aspects of the daily life of the Muslim community of the Yurt-Tatar village of Zatsarevo in 1900-14. Based on the personal observations, Makhmudov compiled memories of the last decade and a half of the quiet life of the Tatar-Muslim community of a provincial Russian town before the turbulent events of wars and revolutions that ended with the establishment of Soviet power. The author of the memoirs, as an eyewitness and bearer of cultural tradition, comprehensively and deeply, sometimes scrupulously, covers the events of the early 20th century in a closed Muslim community - the mahalla. However, his assessments to these events and lifestyle area also assessments of a Soviet party leader, who both was an atheist and a person with a huge life experience in the struggle for the ideals of Soviet power as well as a convinced supporter.
The Newspaper Russkaia Muzykal'naia Gazeta’s Publishing Activities during World War I
Authors: Logacheva Natalia V.
Published: June 2023

Through their work, the author conducts a content analysis of the materials of the “Russkaia muzykal'naia gazeta” between 1914-1918, a newspaper which served as the mouthpiece of Russian cultural figures in the early 20th century, and a periodical which reflected the events of World War I both in military territories on the frontline and in the rear. The article shows from various points the development of musical culture during the First World War, not only in the two capitals - St. Petersburg and Moscow, but also in the provinces. The attitude of the Russian musical intelligentsia to the war is analyzed in the text. Specific examples provided by the author show the high level of patriotism of Russian musicians and the attitude of Western European musicians to the events of the period. In addition, there is emphasis on the influence of patriotic sentiments on the work of Russian musicians including their awareness of the role of musical culture in uniting the people and providing spiritual support to the Russian army.
‘Reconstruction’ of US Cultural Development within the Soviet Press during the ‘Thaw’ Period
Authors: Lopatkin Ivan N. , Khisamutdinova Ravilya R.
Published: June 2023

The authors reveal the peculiarities of the Soviet press coverage of the issues related to culture and education in the United States during the “Thaw” period. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the domestic press materials of the period under review showed that the rhetoric used in relation to the US cultural development share many similarities with post-war rhetoric. In their opinion, this fact is explained by the ideological confrontation of the two systems, between - the “American dream” and the “Soviet way of life,” which excluded the possibility of peaceful coexistence. The materials on the culture issue were intended, on the one hand, to demonstrate the rapid decline of art and education in the United States, and, on the other hand, the impossibility of cooperation in that area. The authors also demonstrate that the positive aspects of American art were simultaneously sharply criticized. However, despite the continuity, the press of the “thaw” period had a number of unique features. It was distinguished by greater objectivity as well as reasoning, and on reliance of facts. In addition, presented information became more meaningful and was accompanied by photographic materials. The press published statements by American politicians, public figures and ordinary Americans, which made the publications more interesting for the reader.
USSR and Israel: Experience of Cultural Dialogue in the Context of 1967-1991 Political Confrontation
Authors: Medvedeva Tatyana A. , Ryzhov Igor V. , Strukova Marina I.
Published: June 2023

The presented article considers the issue of the Soviet-Israeli cultural interaction in the period of 1967-1991. Based on the analysis of the facts and events of that time reflected in the scientific works written on the problems of the USSR-Israel relations, as well as on the archival documents and memoir publications, the authors outlined the unique experience of the two countries’ interaction during the period, one that was sharpest aggravation of their interstate relations. Through his research, the authors have considered the consequences of the severance of diplomatic relations in 1967, its influence on the nature and forms of cultural interaction, as well as specific factors that determined the direction and content of cultural contacts across this period. Their conclusion is guided by the possibility by of using the modern crisis era of global confrontation between world powers, including the practice of “cancel culture” actively promoted by the West, to compare the positive and negative experience of building an intercultural dialogue between the two countries in the absence of diplomatic relations.
An Emperor Travels around the Russian Empire Outskirts in the 1880s: As According to V.S. Obolenskii’s Diary
Authors: Plekh Olesya A. , Chernikova Natalya V.
Published: June 2023

Based on the materials from a previously unpublished source - the diary of Prince V.S. Obolenskii-Neledinskii-Meletskii, preserved in the Department of Written Sources of the State Historical Museum, the authors in their article consider the travels of Alexander III through the outlying territories of the Russian Empire in 1882-1888. The diary contains not only many details from the life of the imperial family and the court, but also information on the organization of official and unofficial trips of the emperor, which made it possible to trace the changes that took place in the ceremonial practice and the influence of modernization processes on the goals of the emperor's travels. There is presented through new information on the official visits of Alexander III to Poland (1884, 1886), Finland (1885), the Province of the Don Cossack Host (1887), Ukraine (1885) and the Caucasus (1888), as well as on private vacation trips to the Finnish skerries, the Principality of Łowicz and Livadia. The author shows that as inspection and study trips around Russia became a thing of the past, as ceremonial events came to the fore. The travels of Alexander III, continuing the line traced under Alexander II, were intended to establish a positive image of the monarch and emphasize the connection with his subjects. In the 1880s, visits to remote imperial residences for the purpose of recreation and entertainment became a regular occurrence, events which should be considered as an important part of the daily life of the imperial family.
Concession Policy in the Crosshairs of Revolutionary Self-Consciousness: Labor and Departmental Conflicts
Authors: Morozova Olga M. , Troshina Tatiana I.
Published: June 2023

The New Economic Policy solved a number of economic and production problems for early the Soviet Union. At the same time, it caused a series of conflicts associated with the delays of the reconstruction period, as well as with the disappointment of the more political active part of the population as it undermined the slogans of the socialist revolution as too distantly obtainable a prospect. The article examines the relations of a specific group of foreign concessionaires with local authorities, and the population of the territories handed over to them by the Soviet authorities for the exploitation of natural resources by utilizing a large number of diverse sources. The emphasis of the authors is placed on two types of non-industrial concessions - foresting (in Northern provinces) and agriculture, practices which continued, to some extent, the tradition of German colonization of southern Russian lands. The authors reveal common and different behavioral strategies of the concessionaires in their relations with the workers, and with the trade union activists; as well as in the attitude of the population and the local party and Soviet authorities to them. Without dwelling on the “predatory” forms of exploitation of the conceded natural resources, or the state line of gradually winding down the concession program, the authors consider another reason for the liquidation of concessions - protest by workers as their self-consciousness was awakened by the “return” of elements of Western capitalism by local party functionaries.
THE USE OF ENGLISH SONGS TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY MASTERY
Authors: Wardiman Moh , Aminah Aminah , Dewi Anjar
Published: June 2023

The idea of this research was based on the researcher’s  experiences. Songs have a big role in helping the researchers to increase the vocabulary mastery so that the purpose of the study was to find out the use of English song in improving students’ vocabulary mastery. In conducting this reseach, researchers took the 2019 batch English students in Tadulako University as the respondent. While the researchers used purposive sampling to take 30 students as the sample. in order to answer the research questions, this study used the questionnaire. The researchers distributed the questionnaire to the students by using Google form. Based on the research findings, it could be seen in the responds of the participants. The participants found that every aspect in songs were able to be used to help them to have better development on their listening skill and even on the language elements (pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar). It can be concluded that English songs can improve the students’ vocabulary mastery.
IMPLEMENTATION OF CIRC IN IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL
Authors: Wulandari Sari , Usman Sriati , Budi Budi
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this research is to know whether the implementation of CIRC in improving writing skill of the eight grade students of SMP Negeri 4 Palu. The researcher applied quasi experimental research design. The purposive sampling technique was selected in this research to draw the sample. The samples were VIII Manggis as the experimental group and VIII Cempedak as the control group were the number of students were 35. The test which question form was used as the instrument in gathering the data. The data gathered were analyzed statically. The pretest was given to experimental and control group before the treatments were given. After that, the experimental group got the treatment while the control group did not receive any treatment.the posttest was given to both groups. The pretest mean score of the experimental group 39,34 and the control group was 51.08. while,the posttest mean score of the experimental group was 79,78 and the control group was 71,03. After analyzing the data,it is found out that the t-counted value (2,04) was greater than t-table value (1,01) by applying 0,05 level of significance and 30 degree of freedom(df). Based on the result of the research, it is concluded that the hypothesis is accepted. It means, that the implantation of CIRC technique can improve students writing skill at SMP Negeri 4 Palu.
EFFECTIVENESS OF USING MIND MAPPING TECHNIQUE IN IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL
Authors: Salviyati Tiyas , Mertosono Sudarkam R , Rofiqoh Rofiqoh
Published: June 2023

The objective of this research is to find out if using mind mapping technique is effective in improving writing skill of grade nine students of SMP Negeri 14 Palu. This research used pre-experimental research design. The sample of this research included 25 students of grade IX Cempaka who were selected by using purposive sampling technique. The instrument of data collection was an essay test that was divided into pre-test and post-test. The results of the data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the result of the pre-test and the post-test. It indicates by the mean score of both tests results where the mean score of the experimental class significantly increased from 68.27 to 74.93. Based on the result of pre-test and post-test, the researchers found that the value of t-counted is 6.54. By applying a degree of freedom (df) 24 (25-1) and 0.05 level of significance, the researchers found that the value of t-table is 1.711 which showed that the value of t-counted was higher than t-table. It means that the use of mind mapping technique is effective in improving students’ writing skill of grade nine students of SMP Negeri 14 Palu. The implication of this finding is that mind mapping technique can be used in teaching and learning English especially in writing skill.
USING FLASHCARDS TO INCREASE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY
Authors: Astuti Widya , Said Mawardin M. , Erniwati Erniwati
Published: June 2023

The objective of this research is to find out if using flashcards can increase students’ vocabulary of grade VIII students at SMPN 4 Tanantovea Donggala. The researcher used quasi-experimental design with two classes, experimental class consisted of 24 students and control class consisted of 20 students, experimental class and control class. The selected through total sampling technique. In collecting data, the researcher administered pretest and posttest to both the experimental class and control class. The data were analyzed statistically in order to find out the significant difference of students’ achievement before and after treatments.Using 0.05 level of significance and 42 degree of freedom (df), the researcher found that the value of t-table was 2.019, which was lower than the of t-counted (4.65. It means that the hypothesis is accepted. In other words, using flashcards can increase students’ vocabulary.
CORRELATION BETWEEN VOCABULARY MASTERY AND READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Enjel Enjel , Darmawan Darmawan , Mashuri Mashuri
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this research is to find out if there is any significant correlation between vocabulary mastery and reading comprehension of the eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 32 Sigi. A correlational research design was used in this research and applied quantitative approach. The researchers used a simple random sampling technique to choose the sample. 36 students were chosen as the sample in this research. The researchers collected data using tests as the primary instrument, which included a vocabulary and reading test. The average score of the vocabulary test was 85 and the reading comprehension test was 80. It revealed that two variables have positive relationship. The Pearson Product Moment result of both tests' data analysis was 0.539. The category was moderate. The value of rtable was 0.329 when the degree of freedom (df) was 36 and the level of significance was 0.05. According to the data, rxy is higher than rtable. It can be concluded that alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. This indicates that there is a positive and significant correlation between the vocabulary mastery and reading comprehension of the eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 32 Sigi.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF NARRATIVE TEXT WRITING DIFFICULTY
Authors: Nurmawarni Anggri , Kamaruddin Abdul , Budi Budi
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the difficulties and causes of difficulties for class VIII students in writing narrative texts. This study uses a qualitative research design. The subjects of this study were students of class VIII B, totaling 20 students. In this study, data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires and interviews. Based on the results of the analysis of questionnaires and interviews, it is known that students have difficulty in writing narrative texts. The difficulty lies in the tenses of the narrative text, the difficulty in placing punctuation and capital letters, and the difficulty in understanding the generic structure of the written narrative. The causes of difficulties in writing narrative texts are lack of vocabulary, lack of writing practice, and the last cause is the obstacles experienced by students when learning online. The solution that the researchers gave to the students was that students were expected to learn more about narrative text material and increase English vocabulary so that students could more easily understand and writing narrative texts.
INVESTIGATING TEACHERS’ STRATEGIES IN TEACHING VOCABULARY
Authors: Kurniawati Trisna , Rifiqoh Rifiqoh , Wahyudin Wahyudin
Published: June 2023

The purposes of the research are two folds: to find out the vocabulary teaching strategies used by the English teachers at SMP Negeri 6 Palu, and to identify the reasons of implementing the strategies in the classroom. This research used qualitative research design. The participants of this research were three English teachers. In collecting the data, the instruments used were observation and interview. The data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis. The findings showed that there were some teaching strategies used by the teachers in teaching vocabulary. The strategies used by the English teachers in teaching vocabulary were:  (1) the use of game like guessing game and dictation (by relying on learning topic), (2) reading textbook, (3) translation (by looking up dictionary), and (4) asking question.  The main reason of implementing teaching strategies was, they wanted to make the students active in the class. The basic consideration as an active facilitator in choosing the teaching strategies was to make classroom atmosphere that can make the students interact freely with each other in achieving learning goals
DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL THROUGH IMPLEMENTATION OF ROLE-PLAY TECHNIQUE
Authors: Tompunu Alfian Ferdian , Rofiqoh Rofiqoh , Arid Muhammad
Published: June 2023

The objective of this research was to find out whether or not the implementation of Role-play technique can develop speaking skill. This quasi-research population was grade eleven students of MA Alkhairaat Pusat Palu. The sample was selected by using a random sampling technique. 19 Students from grade XI MIA 2 were taken as the experimental group and 19 students taken as control group. In order to assess students’ speaking skill, the researchers used speaking test. The students were asked some questions related to bullying and unhealthy food as pre-test and post-test. Based on the data analysis, the result of post-test showed the score of experimental group are better (71.68) in comparison to control group (65.77). From the result of the score deviation, the researchers continued using the result to find out t-counted using t-test formula. The result showed that the t-counted (2.89) is higher than the t-table (1.69). It indicates that the implementation of Role-play technique can develop speaking skill of the grade eleven students of MA Alkhairaat Pusat Palu.
USE OF AUTHENTIC MATERIALS IN IMPROVING STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Rahman Andi Fatur , Rofiqoh Rofiqoh , Hastini Hastini
Published: June 2023

This study aims to know whether or not the use of authentic materials can improve reading comprehension of the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Palu. This research used a quasi-experimental research design. The research population was the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Palu which consisted of 311 students. The sample was selected by using a purposive sampling technique. The number of the sample was 27 students of class VIII E as the experimental group and 26 students of class VIII K as the control group. The data were collected through pre-test and post-test about reading. The students were assigned some tasks consisting of 10 multiple-choices and 5 essay questions. The result of this research showed the mean deviation score of the experimental group was 14.66 and 5.08 for control group. Therefore, the t-counted value (4.74) is higher than the t-table value (1.66). It is proved that the hypothesis is accepted in which there is development of the students after getting the treatment. It means that the use of Authentic Materials can improve students Reading comprehension. The implication of this finding is that the teachers need to use authentic material as the media in teaching reading.
ERROR ANALYSIS OF CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB USED BY THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS
Authors: Ikhratulsandi Ikhratulsandi , Rofiqoh Rofiqoh , Arid Muhammad
Published: June 2023

This research was aimed at finding out the errors on conjunctive adverb found in descriptive text written by the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Sindue. The researcher analyzed the data by applying simple descriptive analysi. The research sample was 22 students. The instruments of data collection were a writing test. The students were assigned to write descriptive text by using conjunctive adverbs. The result of data analysis showed that there were two errors made by students, i.e. misplace of conjunctive adverbs and inappropriate conjunctive adverbs. There were 7 or 38.88% errors in misplace of conjunctive adverbs, 3 or 16.66% errors inappropriate conjunctive adverbs, and 18 or 94.73% used conjunctive adverbs correctly. The occurrence of these errors may be caused by misunderstanding of the teacher’s explanation in the target language and may be also caused by the inability of using rules into context eventhough they have been taught items in the target language repeatedly.  The causes of these errors included in the category of intra-lingual errors i.e. the false concept hypothesis and incomplete application of the rules.
DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FACED BY THE EIGTH GRADE STUDENTS
Authors: Setyono Imannuel Nico , Darmawan Darmawan , Hastini Hastini
Published: June 2023

This research aims in analysis the difficulties in writing descriptive text faced by the students at the eight-grade of SMP Negeri 7 Sigi. The researchers applied descriptive quantitative design by haphazard sampling technique to choose the sample. There were 30 samples taken from 30% of the total population. The instruments of data collection wastest. The data were collected by giving the test of writing descriptive text.The findings of the research shows that there are most of the students have difficulty in each aspects such as grammar 93% of students, vocabulary 90% of students, mechanic 90% of students, content 87% students, and organizing 83% of students.
LEARNING STRATEGIES IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT USED BY THE VIII GRADE STUDENTS
Authors: Mundi Lebrina , Kamaruddin Abdul
Published: June 2023

The objectives of this research was to find out the learning strategies in writing procedure text and to know about the students reasons for using those strategies by VIII grade students at SMP Negeri 2 Banawa Selatan. The subject of this research was VIII grade students at SMP Negeri 2 Banawa Selatan which the total number 104 students consist of four classes. 21 students were taken as the sample used simple random sampling. Researcher conducted this research using qualitative research types and data collecting used questionnaire and interview. The result of questionnaire shows that in writing procedure text most of the students use strategies in learning such as cognitive strategies, metacognitive strategies, memory related strategies, compensatory strategies, affective strategies, and social strategies. Based on the result of interview session, it can be concluded that the reasons of the students for using these strategies because they want to write procedure text well. The most dominant used learning strategies by the subjects is cognitive strategy. Majority of the subjects more frequently use this strategy among all of strategies in learning procedure text.
STUDY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENGLISH SONGS IN TEACHING VOCABULARY MASTERY
Authors: Lembah Nurkhalizah , Manurung Konder , Mashuri Mashuri
Published: June 2023

A song is a type of teaching media that can be used to teach any subject. It can also be used to teach vocabulary because song lyrics contain a variety of vocabularies. The goals of this study are to describe the steps of the implementation of English Song in teaching vocabulary mastery and to describe how successful the implementation of English Song in teaching vocabulary mastery was. The study applied qualitative design that implemented Library Research Method. The data were collected from scientific writing on the implementation of English songs in teaching vocabulary between 2011 and 2021. The scientific writing were found from the library and internet. The data were analyzed using content analysis based on Dale (1992). The results reveal that there are five scientific writings from Widhiastuti (2012), Febria (2015), Gushendra (2017), Bahri (2018), and Sari (2019). The results of the data analyzed show that the implementation of English Song in five different studies by five different experts used different steps in implementing the procedure. One of them was followed the procedure suggested by Dale (1992) which is play the song with no preparation and no hand-outs. Three of them give the materials before the listening selection, and other researcher play the video or singing the song by the teacher. Based on second research question,  the vocabulary mastery of students’ improve after the implementation of English Song in the classroom. The researcher conclude that the implementation of English Song in teaching vocabulary mastery has a positive effect because the students’ vocabulary has improved as a result of the research.
DEVELOPING SPEAKING SKILL OF THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS THROUGH SHORT CONVERSATION
Authors: H Sofyan , Rita Ferry
Published: June 2023

The objective of the research is to investigate whether or not the application of Short Conversation Technique improve the speaking skill of the eighth grade students of SMPN 1 Palasa. Additionally, this research was conducted through quasi experimental research design in which the samples of the research were grades VIII B and VIII C. The obtained data of this research were analyzed statistically in order to find out the significant difference between two groups on the posttest after the treatment using Short Conversation given to the experimental group. It was found that the mean scores of both the experimental and control groups on the posttest are respectively 75.56 and 61.45. Furthermore, referring to the ttable value of df 46 (24+24-2) by applying 0.05 level of significance on one-tailed test, it is found that the tcounted value of this research (6.1) is higher than the ttable value (1.68). On top of that, the application of Short Conversation Technique can improve the speaking skill of the eighth grade students of SMPN 1 Palasa.
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei - derived extracellular vesicles inhibits colorectal cancer growth via decreasing HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis
Authors: Fang Yong , Shi Yangqian , Zhang Chunliang , Cao Wanyu , Li Luyi , Liu Kaili , Zhu Hanyue , Balcha Fikadu
Published: June 2023

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide.
Since colon cancer cells rely on glycolysis as their major energy
source, glycolytic metabolism has become a major problem for colon
cancer therapy. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei has anti-colon
cancer effects, and its secreted extracellular vesicles involved in
intercellular communication can induce colon cancer cell apoptosis, but
the effect on glycolytic metabolism remains enigmatic. Our findings
demonstrate that LpEVs were ingested in by colorectal cancer and prevent
the proliferation of colon cancer cells. LpEVs treatment altered the
expression of glycolysis-related genes in colon cancer cells, and the
differentially expressed genes were highly enriched in the HIF-1
signaling pathway. Experimental analysis further suggested that, LpEVs
reduced the expression of HIF-1, GLUT4, and LDHA, which hindered the
glycolysis of colorectal cancer cells. Consequently, LpEVs decreased
colon cancer cell glucose uptake rate, lactate generation, and LDH
activity. In vivo, LpEVs inhibited the growth of CRC xenograft in
nude mice and the expression of HIF-1α, GLUT4 and LDHA. Overall, we
reveal that LpEVs exert its anti-colon cancer activity via decreasing
HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis. We hypothesized that our research would
provide a theoretical framework for creating innovative CRC therapeutic
approaches.
Behavioral and cardiac responses to a model startle test to support the selection of retired thoroughbred racehorses for equestrian sports
Authors: Ryu Seung-Ho , Lee Kyung Eun , Forbes Eliot , An Sung-Jun , Kim Joon Gyu , Lee Hang , Kim Byung Sun
Published: June 2023

Background: Equine temperament is important for equestrian activities,
and behavioural traits are important selection criteria to assess if
retired thoroughbred racehorses are suitable for equestrian sports or
leisure riding. Scientific indicators to assist the selection of
suitable retired thoroughbred horses for sport or leisure have not been
previously established. Objectives: 1) to develop a procedure to assess
retired thoroughbreds for their suitability for equestrian sports or
leisure purposes, 2) to identify selection criteria prediciting which
horses will respond positively to transition training and best suited to
equestrian sports. Study design: Before-after study. Methods:
Behavioural reactivity data and cardiac autonomic responses to a startle
test (comprising of a plastic bag applied to the neck area) were
collected from twelve retired thoroughbred racehorses, before and after
transition training for equestrian sports. The twelve horses were
divided into two groups, the Vigilant Group (V) and the Adaptive Group
(A), based on behavioural scores assigned based on the startle test
before the transition training. Results: At the test before the
training, the behavioural scores and peak heart rates of the Vigilant
group horses were significantly higher than those in the Adaptive group.
After the training, the Adaptive group horses were assigned lower
behavioural scores and demonstrated lower peak heart rates, although
neither of these changes were statistically significant. The Adaptive
group and the females of both groups showed significant differences in
the mean rMSSD, with an increased value after training compared to
before the training. The results demonstrated that the 3-month
transition training was effective in reducing the horses’ responsiveness
to the startle test, in both groups. Main limitations: Small number of
animals was the limitation. Conclusions: We suggest that thoroughbreds
retired from racing may be scientifically selected for behavioural
traits suitable for equestrian sports, using peak heart rate and
behavioural score parameters.
Low-coverage whole-genome sequencing for highly accurate population assignment: Mapping migratory connectivity in the American redstart (Setophaga ruticilla)
Authors: DeSaix Matthew , Anderson Eric , Bossu Christen , Rayne Christine , Schweizer Teia , Bayly Nicholas , Narang Darshan , Hagelin Julie , Gibbs H. Lisle , Saracco James , Sherry Thomas W , Webster Michael , Smith Thomas , Marra Peter , Ruegg Kristen
Published: June 2023

Understanding the geographic linkages among populations across the
annual cycle is an essential component for understanding the ecology and
evolution of migratory species and for facilitating their effective
conservation. While genetic markers have been widely applied to describe
migratory connections, the rapid development of new sequencing methods,
such as low-coverage whole genome sequencing (lcWGS), provides new
opportunities for improved estimates of migratory connectivity. Here, we
use lcWGS to identify fine-scale population structure in a widespread
songbird, the American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla), and accurately
assign individuals to genetically distinct breeding populations.
Assignment of individuals from the nonbreeding range reveals
population-specific patterns of varying migratory connectivity. By
combining migratory connectivity results with demographic analysis of
population abundance and trends, we consider full annual cycle
conservation strategies for preserving numbers of individuals and
genetic diversity. Notably, we highlight the importance of the Northern
Temperate-Greater Antilles migratory population as containing the
largest proportion of individuals in the species. Finally, we highlight
valuable considerations for other population assignment studies aimed at
using lcWGS. Our results have broad implications for improving our
understanding of the ecology and evolution of migratory species through
conservation genomics approaches.
Familial Risk of Placental Abruption
Authors: Dalton Susan , Meeks Huong , Fraser Alison , Etcitty Devin , Workalemahu Tsegaselassie , Varner Michael , (USA) Robert Silver
Published: June 2023

Objective: This study aims to estimate the familial risk of
placental abruption using a large population database. Design:
Retrospective familial aggregation study of placental abruption
utilizing a case-control design. Population: The Utah
Population Database is a genealogic database of over 11 million
individuals, which contains medical and demographic information linked
to official records dating back to the 1900s. Methods: Cases of
placental abruption and controls were ascertained from birth
certificates, death certificates, and inpatient medical records.
Controls were matched 3:1 to cases based on age, parity, and number of
relatives in the database. Familial risk of placental abruption was
estimated using generalized linear mixed-effect regression and
conditional logistic regression. Main outcome measures:
Unadjusted and adjusted odds of placental abruption between first-,
second-, and third-degree relatives. Results: Of 1,168,378
pregnancies analyzed in the Utah Population Database, 32,823 cases
(2.8%) of placental abruption were identified. First-degree relatives
inherit an adjusted odds of placental abruption estimated at 1.18 (95%
CI: 1.12 – 1.23) when a family member has had at least one placental
abruption, and 1.38 (95% CI: 1.17 – 1.63) with two or more placental
abruptions. The estimated effect is lower for second- and third-degree
relatives. After controlling for clinical risk factors, individuals
inherit an adjusted odds of placental abruption estimated at 1.16 (95%
CI: 1.03 – 1.31, p=0.014) with a first-degree family history of
placental abruption. The estimates for second- and third-degree
relatives using this method are not statistically significant.
Conclusion: These findings represent an argument for the
inheritance of genetic factors which predispose the occurrence of
placental abruption.
Population pharmacokinetics of lisinopril in hypertensive children and adolescents with normal to mildly reduced kidney function
Authors: Degraeuwe Eva , Sandra Louis , Bruyne Paulien De , Baere Siegrid De , Croubels Siska , Bocxlaer Jan Van , Raes Ann , Walle Johan Vande , GASTHUYS Elke , Vermeulen An
Published: June 2023

Background: Lisinopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
(ACEi), is a frequently prescribed antihypertensive drug in the
pediatric population, while being used off-label under the age of 6
years in the US and for all pediatric patients globally. The SAFEPEDRUG
project (IWT-130033) investigated lisinopril pharmacokinetics in
hypertensive pediatric patients corresponding with the day-to-day
clinical population. Methods: The dose-escalation pilot study included
13 children with primary and secondary hypertension who received oral
lisinopril once daily in the morning; doses ranged from 0.05mg.kg-1 to
0.2 mg.kg-1. Patients were aged between 1.9 and 17.9 years (median 13.5
years) and weight ranged between 9.62 and 97.2kg (median 53.2kg). All
data were analyzed using Monolix version 2020R1 (Lixoft®, France) and R
version 3.6.2. Results: A one-compartment model with 1st order
absorption and 1st order elimination optimally describes the data.
Parameter estimates of ka (0.077h-1 [9.6%], typical value
[relative standard error]), V/F (32.9L 70.g-1 [37%]) and CL/F
(23.1L h-1 .70kg-1[8.5%]) show good predictive ability. Significant
covariate effects include total body weight on elimination clearance,
and distribution volume and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
on elimination clearance. The effects of eGFR on the elimination
clearance are optimally described by a power law parameterization
centered around 105 mL.min.1.73m2. The effects of body weight were
implemented using fixed allometric exponents centered around an adult
weight of 70kg. Conclusion: Lisinopril dose and regimen adjustments for
pediatric patients should include eGFR on top of weight adjustments. An
expanded model characterizing the pharmacodynamic effect is required to
identify the optimal dose and dosing regimen.
Emptying Conflicts: Expropriation of the Common and Commonality of the Void
Authors: Besana Bruno
Published: June 2023

Conflicts can only be solved if the conflicting parties find common ground, and making peace achieved only by stressing what these parties have in common. And yet every conflict always already implies that there is something “in common”: the fight takes place on a common ground and the opponents are united by the same will to possess, by a common object around which their opposed needs come to clash. It might therefore be rather through the absolute elimination of everything held “in common” that conflicts can be overcome, or rather put to work in a constructive manner. Through the works of Rancière, Glissant, Blanchot, and Esposito, the idea emerges that conflicts can be transformed into a positive occurrence through a common struggle to invalidate the logic that determines the nature of the object up for dispute, the existence of the place from which to fight for it, and the role that opponents play in a common political arena. But this perspective ultimately demands that those who fight this logic renounce having anything “in common,” save for the constant work of destroying their common identity.
Universality, Resistance, and the Struggle for Recognition: Challenging the Inevitability of Hegel’s Rabble
Authors: Ahmed Sabeen
Published: June 2023

Inspired by the pioneering work of Robert R. Williams and Axel Honneth, this article offers a new lens through which to consider Hegel’s infamous ‘rabble problem.’ By rethinking the conflict between the rabble and the State as a conflict between intersubjective and institutional recognition—generating a failure of reciprocal recognition—I suggest that there is embedded in Hegel’s right of necessity a right of resistance that the rabble may justifiably claim in their struggle for recognition. The existence of the rabble, I ultimately suggest, is therefore not an inevitable consequence of the State, but an indication that the State has itself failed to concretize the universal consciousness of Spirit.
Bernard Charbonneau’s Ecological Reflection on Violence and War in Society, the State and Revolution
Authors: Roy Christian
Published: June 2023

A pioneer of political ecology, Bernard Charbonneau (1910-1996) viewed freedom and nature as jointly threatened by the “second nature” of technological society (whose critique by his friend Jacques Ellul owed much to him), defined by total mobilization as revealed in world wars as in industrial development. Its roots intertwine with those of the modern State made possible by the Christian distinction of the spiritual from the sacred violence inherent in religion and politics, returning unchecked in both guises. Charbonneau’s thought thus provides an ecological counterpoint to René Girard’s mimetic theory.
The Thoughts of Clausewitz on Society and State in Times of European Upheaval
Authors: Türpe Andrée
Published: June 2023

My article focuses on Clausewitz’s actual statements regarding the political changes of his time. It highlights his understanding of the notions of ‘revolution,’ ‘reform,’ ‘monarchy,’ ‘republic’ and ‘nation state.’ Using a concrete historical analysis, I aim to show that the Prussian philosopher of war is best characterized as a supporter of reforms, monarchy and as a representative of national patriotism. In a nutshell, Clausewitz was a supporter of reform in order to prevent revolution or suppress revolutionary inclinations.
The History and Mystery of the Public Accounting Firm of Barrow, Wade, Guthrie & Co. (1883–1950)
Authors: Flesher Tonya K. , Flesher Dale L. , Previts Gary J.
Published: June 2023

The late 1880s saw the rise of early public accounting practice in the United States and the origin of emerging national firms, one of which was Barrow, Wade, Guthrie & Co. (BWG). BWG served a broad range of clients, from railroads to breweries, and a variety of financial and other commercial enterprises. This project was started as a search for the answer to a mystery surrounding early audit reports and then developed into a history of BWG from its origin until the merger with Peat Marwick in 1950. Throughout its existence, BWG was at the forefront of the trends in public accounting practice. The firm and its employees were leaders in all aspects of the developing CPA profession. The paper contributes to historical literature and advances the understanding of the earliest periods of public practice by emerging public accounting firms.
E. Joe DeMaris on the Accounting Profession and its Forgotten Mission
Authors: Persson Martin E. , DeMaris E. Joe
Published: June 2023

“The Accounting Profession and its Mission Forgotten” is an unpublished manuscript by E. Joe DeMaris (1919–2010). It is reproduced here with an introductory note. DeMaris was one of the more prominent individuals among his generation of accounting academics, administrators, and observers of the accounting profession. The manuscript investigates the development of the accounting profession from the 17th century in Great Britain to the 20th century in the United States. The manuscript was written in 1997 and foreshadows several events of the 21st century, such as the tension arising from the cross-selling of consulting services to audit clients, the auditor capture that brought down Arthur Andersen, and the failure of “trickle-down economics” to bring about economic prosperity for the masses. Contemporary readers will find DeMaris’ manuscript pertinent as we reflect on the 50th anniversary of the Academy of Accounting Historians and consider the role of accounting in the 21st century.

JEL Classifications: M41; M42; M48.
Segment Reporting and Segment Profitability: A Case Study on General Electric
Authors: Heron Nicole M. , Markelevich Ariel
Published: June 2023

This case study uses segment data from General Electric’s SEC filings to provide students in managerial and cost accounting courses the opportunity to see how a variety of classroom topics apply to a real-world company. Students are required to find relevant segment-related data in 10-Ks. By using financial accounting data to make managerial accounting decisions, the case serves as a link between financial and managerial accounting. This case has four independent requirements that focus on a different topic related to segment reporting: (1) segment performance measures, (2) segment profitability, (3) segment decision-making, and (4) segment reporting changes as connected to corporate structure and strategy. In each requirement, students are asked to prepare a memo and supporting analysis based on the relevant segment-related data. The modular nature of the case provides instructors with flexibility for implementation in a variety of managerial and cost accounting courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels.

JEL Classifications: M40; M41.
Case Report: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Cruz Mejía Julia Aura María
Published: June 2023

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by over more than 20 Leishmania species, in both tropical and subtropical regions. There are three main forms of the disease: visceral leishmaniasis (VL), Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) and Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (MCL), Leishmania braziliensis predominates in Guatemala. We present a case study of a 15-year-old female patient, referred from the Jutiapa hospital for presenting a lesion in the right ear of 3 months of evolution. When interviewing the patient, she mentions that several months ago she presented a "wheal" on her ear after being bitten by a mosquito, which turned red, grew and then she saw it open and form an ulcer with scabs on the ear. surface, which is not painful. The Giemsa-stained rub revealed the presence of Leishman bodies and the biopsy revealed amastigotes within the histiocytes, thus confirming the initial diagnosis of cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Due to the above, treatment with glucantime was started at a dose of 20mg/kg for 20 days, which improved the condition and resolved it. The patient's sister had the same condition, which was confirmed using the same techniques and is treated with what also resolves it. It is important to take cutaneous leishmania into account as a differential diagnosis in patients who present painless ulcers despite not being in a precisely endemic area.
Melanoma Malignum Risk Factors
Authors: Zakowicz Mietkiewic Karolina
Published: June 2023

Due to the constantly increasing incidence of melanoma of the skin, its early diagnosis becomes very important, which at an early stage gives a very good therapeutic prognosis. The paper draws attention to the need to use prevention as an effective action in the field of popularizing epiddemiological knowledge and disseminating pro-health behaviors. The work draws attention to risk factors that predispose to the development of the disease