bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Fluorine-18 2-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Uptake on Preoperative Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Lymph Nodes of Patients with Primary Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sasaki Kazuhito , Kawasaki Hiroshi , Sato Motohiro , Koyama Ken , Yoshimi Fuyo , Nagai Hideo
Published: July 2016

Background/Aims: Although the diagnostic value of fluorine-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-18-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18-FDG-PET/CT) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) has been reported, the association between the F-18-FDG uptake in metastatic lymph nodes (FDGLN) and clinicopathological variables has not been fully investigated. We evaluated the diagnostic value of F-18-FDG-PET/CT in detecting LN metastasis from CRC, and the relationship between F-18-FDG-PET/CT-detecting LN metastasis and prognosis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 370 patients who underwent preoperative F-18-FDG-PET/CT, followed by surgical resection for CRC between January 2007 and December 2010. We analyzed the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of F-18-FDG-PET/CT and CT in diagnosing metastatic LNs. Survival was analyzed in 115 patients with stage III CRC. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detecting metastatic LNs using F-18-FDG-PET/CT were 56.8, 90.3, and 74.2%, and those for contrast-enhanced CT were 38.4, 95.5, and 65.0%, respectively. The accuracy of F-18-FDG-PET/CT was significantly associated with tumor depth and lymphatic involvement. In the survival analysis, cancer-specific survival and the disease-free survival were significantly shorter in patients with stage III CRC with FDGLN than in those without FDGLN. Conclusion: F-18-FDG-PET/CT had low sensitivity and high specificity for detecting metastatic LNs from CRC. FDGLN independently predicted poor prognosis in patients with stage III CRC.
Estradiol Upregulates Kisspeptin Expression in the Preoptic Area of both the Male and Female Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta): Implications for the Hypothalamic Control of Ovulation in Highly Evolved Primates
Authors: Vargas Trujillo Marcela , Kalil Bruna , Ramaswamy Suresh , Plant Tony M.
Published: July 2016

The aim of this immunohistochemical study was to evaluate the distribution of kisspeptin neurons in the preoptic area (POA) of gonadally intact adult male and female rhesus monkeys, and to determine whether imposition of an estradiol (E2)-positive feedback signal in the castrate male increased kisspeptin in the POA. Additionally, kisspeptin in the POA of the intact female was examined during an LH surge induced prematurely by E2 administered in the early follicular phase. The number of kisspeptin neurons in the POA of males and females was similar. Immunoactive kisspeptin perikarya were not observed in the POA of castrate adult males, but such neurons in these animals were present within 12 h of imposing an increment in circulating E2 concentrations that in a screening study conducted 4-6 weeks earlier had elicited an LH surge. As expected, premature induction of an LH surge by E2 early in the follicular phase was associated with upregulation of kisspeptin in the POA. These results represent the first description of immunoreactive kisspeptin cell bodies in the POA of the macaque brain and provide further support for the view that (1) kisspeptin neurons in the POA of the female monkey are a target for the positive feedback action of E2 and (2) the hypothalamic mechanism which mediates this action of E2 in primates is not subjected to perinatal programming by testicular testosterone. Moreover, our findings indicate that maintenance of the kisspeptin content in the POA of intact male monkeys requires the action of E2, presumably generated by aromatization of testicular testosterone at the hypothalamic level.
Gadamer, Kant, and the Enlightenment
Authors: Dostal Robert
Published: July 2016

Gadamer is prominent on the list of counter-enlightenment philosophers of the20th century. He is on this list for good reasons, reasons that I will briefly explore here. Gadamer borrows much from Heidegger’s critique of modernity and he adds to it. As we all know, Gadamer’s critique of the Enlightenment and modernity serves as an opening for a reappropriation of the Greeks, especially Plato and Aristotle. Gadamer is often taken, again with good reason, to be one of the leading voices revivifying the battle of ancients and moderns and urging, at least in some regards, the superiority of the ancients. Kant is without question the leading figure of the Enlightenment—at least within the German tradition, if not for the European Enlightenment in general. As such we should expect Gadamer to be strongly critical of Kant. And yet we find Gadamer’s relation to Kant displaying a deep ambivalence. It is this ambivalence that this paper examines.
Values as Barriers to Compromise? Ideology, Transnational Coalitions, and Distributive Bargaining in Negotiations over the Third Greek Bailout
Authors: Zahariadis Nikolaos
Published: July 2016

What factors explain the brinkmanship and threats of Greece’s distributive tactics over the third bailout package in 2015? Examining negotiations between Greece and its creditors duringsyriza’s (Coalition of the Radical Left) tenure in power, I argue that the Greek government’s strong ideological fervor turned the bailout negotiations into an ideologically based dispute, which involved “sacred” value biases and uncompromising posturing. Unable to form cooperative transnational coalitions, Athens increasingly turned to distributive bargaining tactics that antagonized creditors and escalated the conflict. The article highlights how values act as barriers in bailouts and has implications for the study of intergovernmental negotiations in the European Union.
Defining Harmonisation of Sharīʻah Rulings in Islamic Finance
Authors: Shaharuddin Amir
Published: July 2016

Having been applied for over four decades, the Islamic finance industry faces a divergence of opinions on the Sharīʻah, resulting from different interpretations adopted by Sharīʻah scholars when modifying classical fiqh doctrines to suit the current banking system. Although juristic disagreement is acceptable from a fiqh perspective, its practice in the financial industry brings more disadvantages than benefits. Recently the call for harmonising Sharīʻah rulings has become stronger. This article defines what is meant by harmonisation of Sharīʻah in the context of the Islamic finance industry, and outlines its scope and contribution. The discussion is pertinent due to confusion over the term ‘standardisation’. Contemporary Sharīʻah scholars and practitioners in the financial industry appear to be in disagreement when elaborating upon the issue. Hence, it is hoped that this article will help clarify the meaning of ‘harmonisation’ and shed light on how this can be accomplished to benefit the financial industry.
Surplus Distribution in Current Takāful Operations: A Critical Sharīʿah Perspective
Authors: Soualhi Younes
Published: July 2016

This research addresses a number of issues related to surplus distribution in takāful. The first section is devoted to revisiting the main financial concepts related to the surplus such as underwriting surplus and profit. Modes of distribution such as pro-rata and offsetting will also be discussed in the light of equity principle advocated by the Sharīʿah. The second section deals with the major juristic views and doctrines delineated against and in favour of surplus distribution. Legal doctrines such as ownership or otherwise surplus after donation will be meticulously discussed and reviewed in light of the current practices of takāful operators. The last section deals with a general outline of Sharīʿah parameters in relation to equitable surplus distribution, followed by scrutiny of surplus distribution practices of a number of takāful operators both in Malaysia and the Gulf States. This article argues that, while it is strongly recommended to redistribute the surplus to the participants only, there are exceptional reasons supported by Sharīʿah evidence allowing takāful operators to share in the surplus.
Memory, Methodology, and the Historical Jesus
Authors: Allison Dale C.
Published: July 2016

Richard Bauckham’s criticisms of my book, Constructing Jesus, do not affect its main arguments, and the methodological alternative he suggests is problematic.
Review of Dissomphalus Ashmead, 1893 (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil, with description of twenty-one new species
Authors: COLOMBO WESLEY D. , AZEVEDO CELSO O.
Published: July 2016

Forty-two species of Dissomphalus Ashmead, 1893 are reviewed, 21 of them are described and illustrated: Dissomphalus botocudus sp. nov., D. fredi sp. nov., D. tupinikim sp. nov., D. guarani sp. nov., D. congo sp. nov., D. rosangelae sp. nov., D. w-aedeagus sp. nov., D. amana sp. nov., D. potyra sp. nov., D. pyata sp. nov., D. clovisi sp. nov., D. kuara sp. nov., D. miriamae sp. nov., D. cacirus sp. nov., D. mirim sp. nov., D. secretus sp. nov., D. caparao sp. nov., D. capixaba sp. nov., D. ibirapitanga sp. nov., D. purius sp. nov. and D. taiabocu sp. nov. Six species are registered for the first time from Espírito Santo: D. brasiliensis Kieffer, D. bahiensis Redighieri & Azevedo, D. dumosus Evans, D. incomptus Evans, D. refertus Alencar & Azevedo and D. umbilicus Azevedo. Three species were reidentified: D. napo Evans, D. truncatus Azevedo and D. vallensis Azevedo. Among fifteen species-groups which recognized in the genus, amana species-group; amplus species-group and secretus species-group are newly proposed.
Finescale Structure of a Snowstorm over the Northeastern United States: A First Look at High-Resolution HIAPER Cloud Radar Observations
Authors: Rauber Robert M. , Ellis Scott M. , Vivekanandan J. , Stith Jeffrey , Lee Wen-Chau , McFarquhar Greg M. , Jewett Brian F. , Janiszeski Andrew
Published: July 2016

The newly developed High-Performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research (HIAPER) Cloud Radar (HCR) is an airborne, W-band, dual-polarization, Doppler research radar that fits within an underwing pod on the National Center for Atmospheric Research Gulfstream-V HIAPER aircraft. On 2 February 2015, the HCR was flown on its maiden research voyage over a cyclone along the Northeast coast of the United States. Six straight flight legs were flown over 6 h between the northern tip of Delaware Bay and Bangor, Maine, crossing the rain–snow line, and passing directly over Boston, Massachusetts, which received over 16 in. of snow during the event. The HCR, which recorded reflectivity, radial velocity, spectral width, and linear depolarization ratio with a 0.7° beam, was pointed at nadir from a flight altitude of 12,800 m (42,000 ft). The along-track resolution ranged between 20 and 200 m, depending on range, at aircraft speeds varying between 200 and 275 m s−1. The range resolution was 19.2 m.

Remarkably detailed finescale structures were found throughout the storm system, including cloud-top generating cells, upright elevated convection, layers of turbulence, vertical velocity perturbations across the melting level, gravity waves, boundary layer circulations, and other complex features. Vertical velocities in these features ranged from 1 to 5 m s−1, and many features were on scales of 5 km or less. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the HCR and highlight the remarkable finescale structures revealed within this Northeast U.S. cyclone by the HCR.
Ocean Heat Uptake and Interbasin Transport of the Passive and Redistributive Components of Surface Heating
Authors: Garuba Oluwayemi A. , Klinger Barry A.
Published: July 2016

Global warming induces ocean circulation changes that not only can redistribute ocean reservoir temperature stratification but also change the total heat content anomaly of the ocean. Here all consequences of this process are referred to collectively as “redistribution.” Previous model studies of redistributive effects could not measure the net global contribution to the amount of ocean heat uptake by redistribution. In this study, a global ocean model experiment with abrupt increase in surface temperature is conducted with a new passive tracer formulation. This separates ocean heat uptake into contributions due to redistribution temperature and surface heat flux anomalies and those due to the passive advection and mixing of surface heat flux anomalies forced in the atmosphere. For a decline in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation of about 40%, redistribution nearly doubles the Atlantic passive anomalous surface heat input and depth penetration of temperature anomalies. However, smaller increases in the Indian and Pacific Oceans cause the net global redistributive contribution to be only 25% of the passive contribution. Despite the much larger anomalous surface heat input in the Atlantic, the Pacific gains heat content anomaly similar to that in the Atlantic because of export from the Atlantic and Indian Oceans via the global conveyor belt. Of this interbasin heat transport, most of the passive component comes from the Indian Ocean and the redistributive component comes from the Atlantic.
Examining the Potential Impact of SWOT Observations in an Ocean Analysis–Forecasting System
Authors: Carrier Matthew J. , Ngodock Hans E. , Smith Scott R. , Souopgui Innocent , Bartels Brent
Published: July 2016

NASA’s Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite, scheduled for launch in 2020, will provide observations of sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) at a significantly higher spatial resolution than current satellite altimeters. This new observation type is expected to improve the ocean model mesoscale circulation. The potential improvement that SWOT will provide is investigated in this work by way of twin-data assimilation experiments using the Navy Coastal Ocean Model four-dimensional variational data assimilation (NCOM-4DVAR) system in its weak constraint formulation. Simulated SWOT observations are sampled from an ocean model run (referred to as the “nature” run) using an observation-simulator program provided by the SWOT science team. The SWOT simulator provides realistic spatial coverage, resolution, and noise characteristics based on the expected performance of the actual satellite. Twin-data assimilation experiments are run for a two-month period during which simulated observations are assimilated into a separate model (known as the background model) in a series of 96-h windows. The final condition of each analysis window is used to initialize a new 96-h forecast, and each forecast is compared to the nature run to determine the impact of the assimilated data. It is demonstrated here that the simulated SWOT observations help to constrain the model mesoscale to be more consistent with the nature run than the assimilation of traditional altimeter observations alone. The findings of this study suggest that data from SWOT may have a substantial impact on improving the ocean model forecast of mesoscale features and surface ocean velocity.
The National Development Reform Commission’s Report at the 4th Session of 12th National People’s Congress
Authors: Yelery Aravind
Published: July 2016

Each year, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), China’s apex body to administer the financial planning and development, prepares and submits the work report to its mentor - the State Council. This year’s work report hold a peculiar significance as it was the last in the series of 12th Five Year Plan. The report highlighted the major milestones the Chinese economy achieved so far in 2015 and also discussed the future course of economic manoeuvre during the 13th Five Year plan. Although, historically as well as principally, the work reports by NDRC or its predecessor State Planning Commission and State Development Planning Commission were more ceremonial and far from self-diagnostic, there is a makeover underway especially the way the reports have been projected. The recent reports, which are tabled in the wake of economic slow-down, take reflective positions than earlier reports. However, this can be perceived as a thoughtful position by leaders and not an agent of any depressive or progressive tendencies.
Inventing Tradition in Thessalonica: The Appropriation of the Past in 1 Thessalonians 2:14–16
Authors: Rollens Sarah E.
Published: July 2016

The socio-ethnic constitution of the Thessalonian ekklesia is notoriously difficult to pin down, but one consistently argued position is that the group was comprised largely of Gentiles. The only passage that presents a problem for this theory is 1 Thessalonians 2:14–16. Rather than focus on philological and theological issues to identify whether this passage is “Pauline” or not, this article treats 1 Thessalonians 2:14–16 as an “invented tradition” (à la Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger) whic links the social experience of the Thessalonians to the nascent ekklesia in Judaea. Instead of acting as a mouthpiece for Paul's theology concerning Jews, the point of this passage may instead be to invent a coherent “past” for the Thessalonians, who may have had few other social features in common upon which to base their group identity. By appropriating an “already in place” framework for identity (Deuteronomistic theology) and by connecting the Thessalonians' experience to both the ekklesia in Jerusalem, as well as to past prophets, 1 Thess 2:14–16 attaches the Thessalonians to an identity that extends beyond their local group.
By What Authority Are You Doing These Things?
Authors: Crossley James
Published: July 2016

This article looks at how the Bible has been understood and constructed in English political discourse over the past forty years. It looks at how emerging neoliberalism and the social changes of the 1960s contributed to Margaret Thatcher's influential construction of the Bible as a source of authority for her brand of economics. This laid the template for dominant understandings of the Bible which were aided (often unintentionally) through pop cultural trends. Tony Blair added social liberalism (especially in relation to gender and sexuality) to Thatcher's Bible which was in turn accepted by David Cameron. During this consolidation of the neoliberal Bible, the radical Bible associated with the Left of the Labour Party was squeezed out of parliamentary discourse. The economic crash of 2008, however, has produced two competing discourses surrounding the Bible in party-political discourse: a Cameron-led intensified version of Thatcher's Bible and a Corbyn-led return of the radical Bible.
One heritage corrosion product less: basic sodium copper carbonate
Authors: Eggert Gerhard , Fischer Andrea , Dinnebier Robert E.
Published: July 2016

Basic sodium copper carbonate, Na3[Cu2(CO3)3(OH)]∙4H2O, has been mentioned as heritage corrosion product of copper alloys in two publications. The identification relied on the comparison of the powder diffractograms with ICDD 28-1048. But this erroneous reference card clearly measured chalconatronite, Na2Cu(CO3)2∙3H2O, instead which is indeed the product formed in the synthesis on which the card is based. Therefore, ICDD 28-1048 should be deleted.
Dobutamine versus Milrinone after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Naidech Andrew , Du Yunling , Kreiter Kurt T. , Parra Augusto , Fitzsimmons Brian-Fred , Lavine Sean D. , Connolly E. Sander , Mayer Stephan A. , Commichau Christopher
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE:

Neurogenic stunned myocardium is a well-recognized complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Dobutamine and milrinone are both used for neurogenic stunned myocardium, but there are few data comparing them after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

METHODS:

We compared the physiological dose response of dobutamine and milrinone in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage requiring a pulmonary artery catheter. We located 11 patients who received either inotrope. Physiological data were fitted to a mixed model accounting for drug, dose, and between-patient variation.

RESULTS:

There were 11 patients who had 152 pulmonary artery catheter measurements. Two received both inotropes (but not within 4 h of each other), 2 only milrinone, and 7 only dobutamine. The groups had similar clinical and physiological characteristics. After adjustment for vasopressin, milrinone was significantly more potent in increasing cardiac output (P < 0.0001) and stroke volume (P = 0.03), while decreasing vascular resistance (P < 0.0001) and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.008), than dobutamine.

CONCLUSION:

These data suggest that milrinone and dobutamine should be used in different clinical situations. Milrinone may be more effective in patients with severely depressed systolic function but who have at least normal vascular resistance and blood pressure and in whom raising cardiac output is the primary goal. Dobutamine may be superior when vascular resistance or blood pressure is low.
Spinal Cord Stimulation versus Repeated Lumbosacral Spine Surgery for Chronic Pain: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: North Richard B. , Kidd David H. , Farrokhi Farrokh , Piantadosi Steven A.
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE:

Persistent or recurrent radicular pain after lumbosacral spine surgery is often associated with nerve root compression and is treated by repeated operation or, as a last resort, by spinal cord stimulation (SCS). We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled trial to test our hypothesis that SCS is more likely than reoperation to result in a successful outcome by standard measures of pain relief and treatment outcome, including subsequent use of health care resources.

METHODS:

For an average of 3 years postoperatively, disinterested third-party interviewers followed 50 patients selected for reoperation by standard criteria and randomized to SCS or reoperation. If the results of the randomized treatment were unsatisfactory, patients could cross over to the alternative. Success was based on self-reported pain relief and patient satisfaction. Crossover to the alternative procedure was an outcome measure. Use of analgesics, activities of daily living, and work status were self-reported.

RESULTS:

Among 45 patients (90%) available for follow-up, SCS was more successful than reoperation (9 of 19 patients versus 3 of 26 patients, P < 0.01). Patients initially randomized to SCS were significantly less likely to cross over than were those randomized to reoperation (5 of 24 patients versus 14 of 26 patients, P = 0.02). Patients randomized to reoperation required increased opiate analgesics significantly more often than those randomized to SCS (P < 0.025). Other measures of activities of daily living and work status did not differ significantly.

CONCLUSION:

SCS is more effective than reoperation as a treatment for persistent radicular pain after lumbosacral spine surgery, and in the great majority of patients, it obviates the need for reoperation.
The Growing Teratoma Syndrome after Subtotal Resection of an Intracranial Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor in an Adult: Case Report
Authors: Bi Wenya Linda , Bannykh Serguei I. , Baehring Joachim
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:

We report a rare complication after resection of a recurrent intracranial nongerminomatous germ cell tumor in an adult. The growing teratoma syndrome, as originally described with pediatric germ cell neoplasms, represents tumor recurrence, often cystic, that sometimes is observed after partial response to multimodality therapy and despite decreasing tumor serum markers. The enlarging tumor consists of elements of a mature teratoma that presumably are refractory to chemotherapy or radiation. To our knowledge, this is only the third case of the growing teratoma syndrome in an adult patient with nongerminomatous germ cell tumor.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

A 26-year-old man had signs of recurrent obstructive hydrocephalus 6 months after multimodality treatment of a diencephalic yolk sac tumor and endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Imaging studies revealed large multilocular cystic masses originating from the tumor bed and partially obstructing the ventriculostomy.

INTERVENTION:

Near total tumor resection and fenestration was performed. Histopathological analysis demonstrated a mature teratoma.

CONCLUSION:

Surgical resection, if feasible, is the treatment of choice for the growing teratoma syndrome to establish the correct diagnosis and prevent complications.
Radiosurgery for Basal Ganglia, Internal Capsule, and Thalamus Arteriovenous Malformation: Clinical Outcome
Authors: Andrade-Souza Yuri M. , Zadeh Gelareh , Scora Daryl , Tsao May N. , Schwartz Michael L. , Kondziolka Douglas , Pollock Bruce E. , Steinberg Gary K.
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE:

Radiosurgery is accepted as the first option for treating deep arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), although the clinical outcome in this subgroup of brain AVMs is not well studied. The objective of this study is to review our experience with radiosurgical treatment for these AVMs.

METHODS:

Between October 1989 and December 2000, 45 patients with deep AVMs (including basal ganglia, internal capsule, and thalamus) underwent stereotactic radiosurgery. Three patients were lost to follow-up and therefore were excluded from this study. Patient characteristics and outcomes were collected and analyzed. The obliteration prediction index and the radiosurgery-based AVM score were calculated and tested.

RESULTS:

Forty-two patients were followed up for a median of 39 months (range, 25–90 mo; mean, 45.8 mo). The median maximum AVM diameter during the radiosurgery was 1.8 cm (range, 0.9–4.0 cm; mean, 2.07 cm), and the median AVM volume was 2.8 cm3 (range, 0.2–18.3 cm3; mean, 4.74 cm3). The mean marginal dose was 16.2 Gy (median, 15 Gy), and the median maximum dose was 22.4 Gy (range, 16.6–30 Gy). The AVM cure rate after the first radiosurgical treatment, using angiography- and magnetic resonance imaging-confirmed obliteration, was 61.9%. The predicted obliteration using the obliteration prediction index was 60%. Eight patients developed radiation-induced complications (19%). The deficit was transient in three patients (7.1%) and permanent in five patients (11.9%). The risk of postradiosurgical hemorrhage in this cohort was 9.5% for the first year, 4.7% for the second year, and 0% thereafter. Excellent outcome (obliteration plus no new deficit) was achieved in 70% of the patients in the group with radiosurgery-based AVM score less than 1.5 compared with 40.9% in the group with radiosurgery-based AVM score greater than 1.5% (P = 0.059).

CONCLUSION:

Radiosurgery for deep AVMs has a satisfactory obliteration rate and acceptable morbidity, considering the risk of hemorrhage without treatment and the risk of morbidity associated with other treatment modalities.
Novel insights into mitotic chromosome condensation
Authors: Piskadlo Ewa , Oliveira Raquel A.
Published: July 2016

The fidelity of mitosis is essential for life, and successful completion of this process relies on drastic changes in chromosome organization at the onset of nuclear division. The mechanisms that govern chromosome compaction at every cell division cycle are still far from full comprehension, yet recent studies provide novel insights into this problem, challenging classical views on mitotic chromosome assembly. Here, we briefly introduce various models for chromosome assembly and known factors involved in the condensation process (e.g. condensin complexes and topoisomerase II). We will then focus on a few selected studies that have recently brought novel insights into the mysterious way chromosomes are condensed during nuclear division.
Educational Mismatch, Work Outcomes, and Entry Into Entrepreneurship
Authors: Stenard Briana Sell , Sauermann Henry
Published: July 2016

A growing body of research explores how employees’ organizational context shapes their entrepreneurial activity. We add to this work by examining how “educational mismatch”—when a job does not utilize the skills an employee has acquired during education—relates to subsequent transitions into entrepreneurship. While prior research has focused on mismatch due to labor market frictions, workers may also enter mismatches for other reasons, such as family obligations or a change in career interests. Different reasons, in turn, may relate in distinct ways to wages and job satisfaction and thus to the opportunity costs of entering entrepreneurship. Moreover, mismatch may also affect human capital development, including the formation of a broader range of skills that is beneficial in entrepreneurship. Using longitudinal data from over 25,000 scientists and engineers, we document a broad range of reasons for educational mismatch and show that the relationships between educational mismatch and wages, job satisfaction, and skill variety differ significantly depending upon the reason for a mismatch. Mismatched individuals are more likely to enter into entrepreneurship in a subsequent period, an effect that goes beyond higher labor mobility per se. Both lower opportunity costs—primarily low job satisfaction—and greater skill variety appear to link educational mismatch to subsequent entrepreneurship. We discuss implications for research, managers, and policy makers.
Turning Back the Clock in Baseball: The Increased Prominence of Extrinsic Rewards and Demand for Authenticity
Authors: Hahl Oliver
Published: July 2016

This paper addresses why customers at times prefer traditional practices deemed more authentic to a domain, particularly where these practices had previously been discarded as inferior. I argue that customer demand for authenticity can be triggered when extrinsic rewards (i.e., fame or money) increase in prominence in a market, causing audiences to doubt the motives of the market’s producers. I examine this dynamic in the context of Major League Baseball, where appreciation for traditional stadium features seemingly arose after the advent of free agency heightened awareness and coverage of the economic rewards in the sport. Experimental analysis validates the proposed mechanism, whereby increased fan exposure to extrinsic rewards increases concern about player inauthenticity, which increases preference for traditional stadium features. Quantitative analysis of attendance patterns provides external validation for these experimental findings by showing that authenticity was more highly preferred, in the form of higher relative attendance in traditional-style ballparks, by those fans more exposed to free agency. Conclusions are drawn about the role that perceptions about motives play in market perceptions of authenticity and valuation of authentic cultural objects.
The Rise of Finance and Firm Employment Dynamics
Authors: Lin Ken-Hou
Published: July 2016

This article sheds light on the ongoing employment stagnation in the United States by investigating the links between the rise of finance and firm employment dynamics during the 1982–2005 period. I argue that the rise of finance marginalized the role of labor in revenue generating and sharing processes, which led to employment stagnation among the largest nonfinancial firms in the United States. Evidence suggests that increasing investment in financial assets depresses the workforce size. The growing dependence on debt reprioritizes the order of distribution, heightening the need for workforce reduction. The increasing rewards for shareholders generate a downsize-and-distribute spiral, in which labor expense becomes a primary target of cost-cutting strategies. Further analysis indicates that production and service workers are more vulnerable to shifts associated with the rise of finance than managers and professionals.
Early Infant Feeding and Body Composition In Pre-School Children
Authors: Anderson Alex K. , Whitworth Christina , Tandoh Marina A.
Published: July 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between early infant feeding and childhood adiposity.
Method: This was a cross-sectional study of 29 pre-school age (4 to 6 years) children and their mothers. Mothers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to assess early infant feeding practices, while the children’s body composition was measured using the BOD POD Pediatric Option Body Composition System.
Results: The mean age of the children was 4.9 ± 0.8 years, 82.8% Caucasian and 17.2% Black/African American, while 65.5% were female. None of the mothers reported alcohol consumption or smoking during the pregnancy with the child. Of the 29 children in the study, 41.4% were exclusively breastfed for at least 3 months, 48.3% mix-fed and 10.3% exclusively formula-fed. Although we found significant differences in BMI-for-age z-score (p = 0.033) and BMI-percentile-for-age (p = 0.023), there was no significant differences in fat mass and percent fat mass between the groups. Formula-fed children tended to have slightly higher fat-free mass and percent fat-free mass than both mix-fed and exclusively breastfed children although these differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the direction of the association between early infant feeding and childhood obesity may be dependent on the indicators used to assess obesity.
Airway Management of a Neck-Burned Child with Mc-Grath Series 5 Videolaryngoscope and Gum Elastic Bougie
Authors: Aytaç Ismail , Aytaç Betül Güven , Postaci Aysun , Cakirca Müge , Baydar Mustafa
Published: July 2016

Background: Anesthetic management of a neck-burned child presents many problems but especially airway difficulties are characteristic. In addition to differences between pediatric and adult airway, concomitant challenges of postburn sternomental contractures may lead to the catastrophic outcomes. Videolaryngoscope is an alternative intubation device which improves laryngeal view and does not require a direct glottic view. Gum elastic bougie is also a well-known and valuable aid for management of difficult intubation.
Case Report: We presented a successful airway management of a 10 year old boy underwent post-burn contracture releasing surgery for his neck and left upper extremity with Mc-Grath Series 5 videolaryngoscope and gum elastic bougie. The patient had limitation in neck mobility because of severe burn contracture (patient’s neck was contracted in the flexed position, his chin and lower lip was restrained down to the anterior trunk) with lack of any respiratory disorder. After preoxygenation we administered anaesthesia induction. Mask ventilation was failed because of excessive gas leak. So we inserted laringeal mask airway without significant desaturation. After providing adequate ventilation we administered muscle relaxant. After two unsuccessful attempts we performed intubation with Mc-Grath Series 5 videolaryngoscope and gum elastic bougie. We confirmed correct tube placement via capnograph.
Conclusion: Concurent use of Mc-Grath Series 5 videolaryngoscope and gum elastic bougie in management of pediatric difficult airway is suitable as an alternative technique.
In your face: Dress of the Dunedin underground music scene, 1985–1996
Authors: Swale Simon , Wilson Jon
Published: July 2016

This article traces changing styles of dress in Dunedin’s underground music scene between the years 1985 and 1996, identifying themes, patterns and notable features, as represented in photographs by notable Dunedin identity Gaylene.1 Situating punk as an important foundation of a continuing Dunedin music scene, this article considers subcultural style as a means of expressing both individuality (against the perceived mainstream) and solidarity (within the subculture). This article presents a trajectory for the ways subsequent sartorial styles have been informed by punk in Dunedin. Recognizing Malcolm Barnard’s suggestion that dress can ‘challenge both bourgeois culture and the capitalist system’ (Barnard 2002: 136), we position the subjects of Gaylene’s photographs, and the manner of their dress, within the wider social, political and geographical context of the time. Analysis is presented from both subcultural and post-subcultural frameworks. This analysis is considered and supported through the testimonies of active participants in the scene, notably interviews with Gaylene herself and with reference to a locally produced documentary. While it is acknowledged that both approaches have strengths and weaknesses, we, the authors, suggest that these strengths and weaknesses must be recognized in relation to the context of time; the specific practices, beliefs and appearance of subcultures are context dependent and therefore lend themselves to specific analytical methodologies.
A sociocultural-cognitive model of body-tanning behaviours
Authors: Yoo Jeong-Ju , Yang Jung-Ha
Published: July 2016

A tanned, attractive appearance is a driving motivation for individuals engaging in body-tanning behaviours, despite the fact that ultraviolet exposure has been identified as the leading cause of developing skin cancer. To date, however, no studies have examined skin dissatisfaction, combined with sociocultural-cognitive variables, in understanding body-tanning attitudes, intentions and behaviours. The aim of the current study was to develop and evaluate a comprehensive sociocultural-cognitive model of tanning behaviours. College students (N = 333) with an average age of 19.8 years participated in this study. A majority of the participants were female (70.8 per cent) and Caucasian (76.9 per cent). A structural equation modelling analysis revealed that the proposed sociocultural-cognitive model had an excellent fit (χ2/df = 2.1, root-mean square error of approximation = 0.059, comparative fit index = 0.96 and Tucker–Lewis index = 0.95), with all proposed pathways emerging significantly. Appearance internalization and orientation predicted skin dissatisfaction and tanning attitudes, which predicted participants’ intentions and behaviours. These results highlight sociocultural-cognitive influences, as well as the role of skin dissatisfaction in tanning attitudes, intentions and behaviours. Skin cancer prevention campaigns may benefit in the future by adopting approaches that integrate body image and skin satisfaction.
A MULHER E A PRÉ-HISTÓRIA. ALGUNS APONTAMENTOS PARA QUESTIONAR A TRADIÇÃO E A TRADUÇÃO DA MULHER-MÃE E MULHER-DEUSA NA ARQUEOLOGIA PRÉ-HISTÓRICA
Authors: Vale Ana
Published: July 2016

A construção dos discursos explicativos acerca da Pré-história Recente pela Arqueologia tradicional assenta num conjunto de preconceitos dados como naturais (naturalizados) pela ordem patriarcal do mundo ocidental. Importa perguntar: será possível traduzir objetos em atividades e associar cada atividade a um sexo? Após décadas de crítica feminista e estudos de género, poderá a Arqueologia portuguesa continuar a perpetuar discursos de matriz androcêntrica? Como resgatar a mulher ao silêncio e às margens do discurso mas sem cair na tentação de reproduzir a sua imagem estereotipada (como mãe e deusa) no passado? Como construir um passado que fale de seres humanos?
NOVA VARIANTE DE CERÂMICA DECORADA A “VERDE E MANGANÊS” EM ÉVORA
Authors: Beltrame Massimo , Santos José Rui , Martínez Susana Gómez , Correia Fernando Branco , Candeias António , Mirão José
Published: July 2016

Do conjunto de intervenções arqueológicas ocorridas na área urbana de Évora nos últimos trinta anos resultou um espólio cerâmico bastante significativo e heterogéneo de cronologia medieval-islâmica (entre os séculos VIII e XII). Neste espólio destaca-se uma tigela com uma técnica ornamental até agora nunca documentada na Península Ibérica. Ao expor e discutir os resultados do estudo estilístico e analítico efetuado sobre a peça, revelou-se a originalidade da técnica decorativa, caracterizada por uma cor de base castanho/castanho escuro sobre a qual está desenvolvida uma decoração em verde e branco. Este estudo pretende contribuir para um melhor conhecimento da cerâmica islâmica da Península Ibérica e, subsequentemente, do território português.
O Arquivo da Casa da Lapa (1804-1832) e os seus inventários: gestão dos bens e memória dos antepassados
Authors: Henriques Luís Filipe , Rosa Maria de Lurdes
Published: July 2016

No início do século XIX, o Visconde da Lapa encarregou seu irmão Frei José de Almeida e Vasconcelos de organizar o Arquivo da Casa. Os índices então criados sistematizavam a documentação comprovativa de direitos e propriedades da Casa. O Conde da Lapa, filho do Visconde, usou aqueles livros mas fez outros para a sua própria gestão. O zelo na organização da Casa da Lapa foi comum na Nobreza portuguesa. Assentava em razões de honra familiar e visava prevenir perdas em tempos incertos. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-7974_29_2
Questões diplomáticas e arquivísticas na prática burocrática luso-brasileira do século XVIII: o caso da “visita do ouro”
Authors: Bellotto Heloísa Liberalli
Published: July 2016

Exercício de crítica diplomática para demonstrar a diversidade de interpretações da função que cabe a um documento público que tem um objetivo único e específico, mas que apresenta teor que justifica dúvidas quanto ao tipo documental escolhido para torná-lo juridicamente válido. Aborda-se também o cambiante “destino” arquivístico que pode ocorrer. Foi usado como laboratório o documento denominado “visita do ouro”, pelo qual uma autoridade portuária na Lisboa na segunda metade do século XVIII comprovava a inspeção feita em embarcações, no caso, as vindas do Brasil, discriminando as taxas pagas, os passageiros que traziam, comunicava alguma ocorrência extraordinária e anexava os respectivos manifestos de carga. Discute-se nessa apresentação o fato de que, se não fosse exarado no tipo documental “ofício” com anexos, e sim no tipo mais diplomaticamente correto para a sua finalidade, o de “termo de visita” ou de “termo de inspeção”, que poderia ser enviado em cópia ao devido destinatário antecedido de ofício de encaminhamento, seria de melhor utilidade administrativa no momento e, posteriormente, mais eficaz como fonte para a pesquisa histórica. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-7974_29_4
O paradigma formativo do arquivista em Portugal
Authors: Marques Maria Beatriz
Published: July 2016

O objetivo principal deste artigo é o de fazer uma sinopse histórica da formação de Arquivista em Portugal e das competências necessárias para o seu desempenho no século XXI, em particular o potencial do profissional de arquivos na gestão da Informação nas Organizações. Apresentam-se os resultados da avaliação efetuada pela Agência de Avaliação e Acreditação do Ensino Superior na área científica da Ciência da Informação. Assinala-se a importância da participação do arquivista na produção do conhecimento e no desenvolvimento socioeconómico, político, histórico e administrativo das instituições públicas e privadas. Destaca-se a formação humanística desse profissional. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-7974_29_6
ISOLATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF CRUDE OIL AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON-DEGRADING BACTERIA FROM POLLUTED HARBOURS IN NORTH JAKARTA
Authors: Alfiansah Yustian Rovi , Adindasari Mindi , Argarini Mentari , Darmayati Yeti , Ruyitno -
Published: July 2016

Several harbours in North Jakarta have been polluted by spills of oil and their derivates. We suggest that diverse species of crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria Â inhabit these harbours. An experiment was undertaken in 2007 to isolate crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria from oil-polluted harbours, such as Muara Baru, Sunda Kelapa and Tanjung Priok. Sea water and sediment samples were collected twice, in March and April. Crude oil and PAH-degrading bacteria were isolated from enrichment culture of samples in an enrichment medium (SWP), using ONR7a medium with the addition of 5 types of PAH gases or Arabian Light Crude Oil 210 (ALCO 210) onto medium. This study reported that fluoranthene and crude oil-degrading bacteria were the major bacteria isolated from the three polluted harbours. In total, 109 isolates have been collected which can degrade crude oil (29% of total isolates), fluoranthene (33%), fluorene (20%), pyrene (7%), dibenzothiopene (6%), and phenantrene (5 %). Among these isolates, 5 isolates have the capability to degrade 5 types of PAH and ALCO 210. They were Alcanivorax sp. B-1084, Pseudomonas sp. D5-38b, Alcanivorax sp. TE-9, Bacillus sp. L41, Alcanivorax dieselolei strain B-5 clone 1. Culturable bacteria have been isolated mostly from the Sunda Kelapa samples, with fewer in those from Muara Baru and Tanjung Priok, respectively
ECHINODERM FAUNA OF THE LEMBEH STRAIT, NORTH SULAWESI: INVENTORY AND DISTIBUTION REVIEW
Authors: Supono - , Lane David J. W. , Susetiono -
Published: July 2016

Indonesia is particularly rich in Echinoderms and North Sulawesi lies at the geographic centre of this biodiverseÂ marine realm. While further studies on Sulawesi Echinodermata are required in order to obtain full understanding ofcurrent biodiversity status, preliminary SCUBA and intertidal surveys in early 2012 in the vicinity of the LembehÂ Island, a region little explored previously, recorded a total of 76 species of 4 classes (Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea,Â Echinoidea and Holothuroidea) from shallow waters (0-40 m) at 36 sites (sea grass, coral rubble and reef). TheÂ class Crinoidea is not reported here. A review of Echinoderm literature for North Sulawesi noted that there are 114Â species belonging to 5 classes of Echinodermata.
R and Its Applications on the Ecological Research
Authors: Sihaloho Hendra Freddy
Published: July 2016

The increase of research activities in recent years has generated a lot of data to be analysed. Research-related communities need a powerful software to perform their analyses. And, it can be a problem, particularly for those who live in developing countries, where their financial capability is low to buy the proprietary programs. R may provide the solution to this obstacle. Since it is an open source software, which can be installed on major operating systems. In addition, it is highly maintained by R Core Team, which ensures that the program and its packages work well on across platforms. The increase usage of R, especially in universities is not only a proof that the program can be relied on, but it is also a guarantee that the software will continue developing. R and its capability for ecological research activities particularly will be described on this short note
THE GESNERIACEAE OF SULAWESI VI: THE SPECIES FROM MEKONGGA MTS. WITH A NEW SPECIES OF CYRTANDRA DESCRIBED
Authors: Kartonegoro Abdulrokhman , Potter Daniel
Published: July 2016

Field exploration of the flora of the Mekongga Mountainous area of Southeast Sulawesi was conducted from 2009 to 2011. Herbarium specimens collected during this exploration and additional collections from Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) included 21 species in nine genera of the family Gesneriaceae. These comprise one species of Aeschynanthus, four species of Agalmyla, one species of Codonoboea, seven species of Cyrtandra, one species of Epithema, three species of Monophyllaea, two species of Rhynchoglossum, one species of Rhynchotechum and one species of Stauranthera. Twelve of these species are consider-ed endemic to Sulawesi while the rest are known to occur on neighbouring islands or are more widely distributed. Monophyllaea merrilliana, previously known only from the Philippine Islands and Borneo, is newly recorded for Sulawesi. A new species of Cyrtandra collected in the Mekongga area, C. widjajae, which resembles C. gorontaloensis from North Sulawesi but differs in having shorter pedicels and curved rather than straight fruits, is described.