bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nelarabine-induced myelopathy in patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: report of three cases
Authors: Fukuta Takanori , Tanaka Takashi , Hashimoto Taiki , Isahaya Kenji , Kubo Yuko , Yamano Yoshihisa , Satomi Kaishi , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Shirakawa Nami , Arakawa Ayumu , Ogawa Chitose , Nishimura Nao , Aoki Jun , Ito Ayumu , Inamoto Yoshihiro , Kim Sung-Won , Fukuda Takahiro
Published: May 2022

Background: Nelarabine is an effective treatment for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. Myelopathy is a problematic adverse event associated with nelarabine. The mechanism leading to myelopathy is unclear. Diagnostic methods and therapy for nelarabine-induced myelopathy have not been established.Case presentation: Three patients who received allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) after nelarabine administration at the National Cancer Center Hospital from December 2014 to March 2021 developed myelopathy. They developed myelopathy 20 days before allo-HCT, 12 days after allo-HCT, and 29 days after allo-HCT, respectively. The intervals from last nelarabine administration to onset of myelopathy were 41 days, 121 days, and 47 days, respectively. The initial symptom was paresthesia in the lower legs in all patients. In two of three patients, magnetic resonance imaging showed lesions in the dorsal column or medulla oblongata, a characteristic finding of nelarabine-induced myelopathy that was similar to findings in mitochondrial diseases. We treated all three patients with intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone, but all became unable to walk. One patient died on day 101 due to the progression of neurotoxicity. In the other two patients, neurological symptoms spontaneously improved. One patient is alive and became able to walk with a cane despite some muscle weakness in his lower extremities by 8 months after allo-HCT. The other patient was able to move around in a wheelchair but died of mucormycosis on day 476 after allo-HCT. Postmortem autopsy of two patients showed spongiosis of the posterior funiculus. One patient also had the same finding in the medulla oblongata.Conclusions: Nelarabine is a valid treatment option. However, these cases suggest that allo-HCT can worsen nelarabine-induced myelopathy, a potentially fatal condition for which there is no effective treatment. Elucidation of the mechanism and establishment of diagnostic methods and therapies for nelarabine-induced myelopathy are needed.
DNA methylation and aeroallergen sensitization – the chicken or the egg?
Authors: Kilanowski Anna , Abrishamcar Sarina , Feil Dakotah , Thiering Elisabeth , Waldenberger Melanie , Peters Annette , Standl Marie , Hüls Anke
Published: May 2022

BackgroundDNA methylation (DNAm) is considered a plausible pathway through which genetic and environmental factors may influence the development of allergies. However, causality has yet to be determined as it is unknown whether DNAm is rather a cause or consequence of allergic sensitization.Here, we investigated the direction of the observed associations between well-known environmental and genetic determinants of allergy, DNAm, and aeroallergen sensitization using a combination of high-dimensional and causal mediation analyses.MethodsUsing prospectively collected data from the German LISA birth cohort from two time windows (6-10 years: N=234; 10-15 years: N=167), we tested whether DNAm is a cause or a consequence of aeroallergen sensitization (specific immunoglobulin E >0.35kU/l) by conducting mediation analyses for both effect directions using maternal smoking during pregnancy, family history of allergies, and a polygenic risk score (PRS) for any allergic disease as exposure variables. We evaluated individual CpG sites (EPIC BeadChip) and allergy-related methylation risk scores (MRS) as potential mediators in the mediation analyses. We applied three high-dimensional mediation approaches (HIMA, DACT, gHMA) and validated results using causal mediation analyses.ResultsUsing high-dimensional methods, we identified five CpGs as mediators of sensitization with significant (adjusted p<0.05) indirect effects in the causal mediation analysis (maternal smoking: 2 CpGs, family history: 1, PRS: 2). The effect of family history on allergy-related MRS was significantly mediated by aeroallergen sensitization (proportions mediated: 33.7% to 49.6%), suggesting changes in DNAm occurred post sensitization.ConclusionThe results indicate that DNAm may be a cause or consequence of aeroallergen sensitization depending on genomic location. Allergy-related MRS, identified as a potential cause of sensitization, can be considered as a cross-sectional biomarker of disease. Differential DNAm in individual CpGs, identified as mediators of the development of sensitization, could be used as clinical predictors of disease development.
Activated-memory T cells influence naive T cell fate: A novel non-cytotoxic function of human CD8 T cells
Authors: Saski Kazuki , Moussawy Mouhamad Al , Abou-Daya Khodor I. , Macedo Camila. , Hosni-Ahmed Amira , Liu Silvia , Juya Mariam , Zahorchak Alan F. , Metes Diana M. , Thomson Angus W. , Lakkis Fadi G. , Abdelsamed Hossam A.
Published: May 2022

T cells are endowed with the capacity to sense their environment including other T cells around them. They do so to set their numbers and activation thresholds. This form of regulation has been well-studied within a given T cell population – i.e., within the naïve or memory pool; however, less is known about the cross-talk between T cell subsets. Here, we tested whether memory T cells interact with and influence surrounding naïve T cells. We report that human naïve CD8 T cells (TN) undergo phenotypic and transcriptional changes in the presence of autologous activated-memory CD8 T cells (TMem). Following in vitro co-culture with activated central memory cells (TCM), ~3% of the TN acquired activation/memory canonical markers (CD45RO and CD95) in an MHC-I dependent-fashion. Using scRNA-seq, we also observed that ~3% of the TN acquired an activated/memory signature, while ~84% developed a unique activated transcriptional profile hybrid between naïve and activated memory. Pseudotime trajectory analysis provided further evidence that TN with an activated/memory or hybrid phenotype were derived from TN. Our data reveal a non-cytotoxic function of TMem with potential to activate autologous TN into the activated/memory pool. These findings may have implications for host-protection and autoimmunity that arises after vaccination, infection or transplantation.
Climate change into reverse gear – reversibility and legacies
Authors: Anderl Thomas
Published: May 2022

As society appears determined to significantly reduce carbon emissions, the viable question arises how nature will follow. A simple model is applied to project atmospheric CO2 concentration and near-surface temperature for emissions reductions up to 3 %/year. In result for anthropogenic efforts of 1.5-3 %/year emissions reduction, nature will return to the 1970’s CO2 concentration accompanied by a final industrial-eon temperature rise of 1.4-1.8 °C. For lower emissions reductions of e.g. 1 or 0 %/year, 22 % or 78 % of emissions need be technically removed per year to confine the temperature increase at 1.8 °C. Within this temperature regime, humankind’s ocean heating is inferred to remain within natural variabilities and sea level to approximately rise by 6 m/°C at a pace of 0.2 m/century.
A Rare Case of Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm with Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Presenting with Ruptured Umbilical Hernia
Authors: Singh Harvinder , Kamra Hemlata , Singh Ajit , Devi Rama , Bansal Ayushi
Published: May 2022

Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) is a rare malignancy with symptoms varying depending on the clinical manifestations. The most worrisome complication of this particular neoplasm is seeding of mucin into the adjacent peritoneum, leading to pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). We present an unusual case of a 70-year-old female found to have LAMN with PMP who presented with ruptured umbilical hernia.
A Study of Microbial Load on the Hands of Nursing Staff in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Bimal Keshav Kumar , Archana  , Singh S. N.
Published: May 2022

Background: Infections due to hospital-acquired microbes is an evolving problem worldwide. Prevalence as high as 19%, of these infections in developing countries poses a challenge to health-care providers. A major source of horizontal transmission of the nosocomial infections are thought to be bacterial contamination of palm of hand of health care providers such as doctors and nurses. Hand hygiene is the single most cost effective preventive measure against hospital acquired infections and education is an important tool to ensure its implementation. Aim: The present study was undertaken, to demonstrate the presence of resident microbial flora on the hands of nursing staff after duty hours working at various critical areas in a tertiary care hospital with their antibiogram. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out after ethical clearance from June to August 2020 on 100 nursing staff of either sex working in critical areas of tertiary care hospital after due informed consent from the nurses. A sterile swab moistened with sterile normal saline was used to collect the swabs from dominant (working) hands after working hours. The collected swabs were processed for isolation, identification, and antibiotic sensitivity of organisms. Results: Out of 100 swabs collected from the dominant hands of nurses working in critical areas, 83 showed the growth. All the samples cultured shows growth of more than two organisms. The major Gram-positive pathogenic organisms grown were Coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. Forty (48.19%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus 30 (36.14%) whereas among Gram-negative Klebsiella spp. five (6.025%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa four (4.81%) predominated. Conclusions: In the present study, the level of contamination of nursing staff was found to be high. Resident flora consisting of multi drug resistant pathogenic organisms can be greatly reduced by an increase in hand-hygiene awareness coupled with organizational interventions. We recommend to closely monitoring hand hygiene practices for effective intervention strategies.
Management of perforated duodenal ulcer at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: U Dutta Ram , Agarwal Ganesh
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Multiple etiologies are associated with duodenal perforations such as peptic ulcer disease, iatrogenic causes and trauma. Computed tomography with intravenous and oral contrast is the most valuable imaging technique to identify duodenal perforation. In some cases, surgical exploration may be necessary for diagnosis. Materials and Methods: The case files of all the patients were retrospectively ana- lyzed for patient particulars, intra-operative findings, surgery performed, post-operative stay, morbidity and mortality. The groups were then compared with each other in terms of age, leak rates, hospital stay, morbidity, mortality and the surgery performed. Statistical analysis was done using the chi-square and the t- test by an inde- pendent comparison of each group singly against another by a statistician who was blinded to the study. A p value of < 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: The majority of patients came under the ‘small’ perforation group, but there were 38 patients (23.46 %) with large perforations as per our definition. These patients had a higher age of presentation (47.18 years) than the patients with smaller perforations (39.46 years). Giant perforations, or perforations greater than 3 cms in size were seen only 2 cases, accounting for a small percentage (1.28 %) of all cases seen. Conclusion: The type of treatment should be individualized and depends on the mechanism of injury, the timing, location and extent of the injury and the clinical state of the patient.
Discharges against Medical Advice: A Study on Patient’s Profile from the Emergency Ward of BPKIHS, Dharan in East Nepal
Authors: Giri Rajani , Bhandari R. , Yadav A , Chaudhary R
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Discharge against medical advice in the emergency department (ED) is particularly important as the patient may be threatening his life by choosing to leave and thus not receive adequate or timely medical care. Patients who leave against medical advice (LAMA) may be severely ill and at risk of experiencing adverse events and revisit to ED. Reasons for LAMA include, but are not limited to, family obligations or financial responsibilities. In Nepal, however, a paucity of data exists regarding LAMA and factors that might influence it. Therefore, this study will find out the characteristics of patients leaving LAMA and also identify factors and reasons behind LAMA discharges that might allow the physician to decrease such discharges and improve patient care. Methods: A semi-standardized questionnaire was used to record relevant demographic and clinical information’s. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, marital status, education status, occupation, etc.) and clinical and administrative elements (diagnosis, date of admission and discharges, length of stay, previous LAMA history, and hospital stay). They were also asked for a reason for LAMA, hospital as well as patient-related factors. Results: Out of 358 LAMA discharges, the mean age was 51 SD (21.73). The majority of patients had an Australian triage score of 2 (61.5%) at triage. The majority of the patients were married 79.6%, illiterate (40%), and uninsured as well (87.7%). About 50% of the patients stayed for 12–24 h in the ED before LAMA. Discharge diagnosis was mainly gastrointestinal (GI) (21.8%), poisoning (12%), neurologic (11.5%), and pulmonary (11.2%). Most of the patients who left against medical advice were due to patients related factors accounting 94.7% rather than hospital-related factors 16.8%. Critical conditions and patients not improving were the most common reasons 31.6% followed by feeling better (28.8%). Conclusion: Critical patients, mainly with GI diagnosis, non-critical patients with poisoning, and patients with a longer length of stay are high-risk patients for LAMA discharges.
Cough-induced Diaphragmatic and Abdominal Hernia in an Asthma Patient – A Case Report
Authors: Das Somnath , Debbarma Biplab , Debnath Ankita , Das Pritha , Basuthakur Sumitra , Sen Sukanta
Published: May 2022

The list of complications of coughing is very long. Chronic cough as in asthma can affect every system in our body such as cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, musculoskeletal, and diaphragm. We report a case of 46-year-old male patient who was suffering from asthma for the past 15 years with occasional violent coughing. The X-ray of that patient was suggestive of pleural effusion which was misleading. A computed tomography scan of the thorax and the abdomen revealed the presence of diaphragmatic and abdominal hernia. The patient had no other history which can contribute to diaphragmatic injury except chronic cough. We found a chronic uncontrolled cough complicated with diaphragmatic and abdominal wall hernia.
New Generation of Quinazolinone Derivatives as Potent Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Patel Pritesh R. , Joshi Hirak , Shah Ujash , Bapna Mayank , Patel Bhagirath
Published: May 2022

Heterocyclic compounds play tremendous roles and wide applications in the field of medicinal chemistry. Among them, quinazoline derivatives have been found to be exhibit various diverse broad pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-tuberculosis, anticancer, antivirus, anti-HIV, antimalarial, anti-convulsant, antileishmanial activity, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, and antidiabetic activity. Due to their vast biological activities, the research and development of Quinazolinone-containing compounds are increasingly active and alluring topics in the field of medicinal chemistry. Quinazolinone and their various derivatives possess wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. In this work, we have summarized various derivatives of quinazolinone molecule and their substituents exhibits antimicrobial activity.
Optimization and Evaluation of In situ Nasal Gel of Donepezil Hydrochloride
Authors: Chaudhari Pallavi M.
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The nasal route has been explored as a route of administration, due to the benefits it offers. The formulation in the form of in situ gel has been utilized for the local and systemic effect. This type of formulation first exists in sol form, but once they are administered, it undergoes gelation to form gel, and this approach can be used for successful drug delivery system. Methods: Thus, in the present study, formulation of in situ gel for nasal administration for donepezil hydrochloride (HCL), by the use of 32 factorial designs, to improve its nasal bioavailability, was developed by increasing its nasal retention time and arrive at an optimized formulation. The formulation was developed by the use of cold method, by incorporation of thermoreversible polymer poloxamer 407 and mucoadhesive agent tragacanth. The in situ gel was later evaluated for different parameters such as pH, gelation time gelation temperature, gel strength, drug content, mucoadhesion, viscosity, in vitro drug diffusion, and stability. Results: Based on results obtained, F5 formulation was found to be optimum. The concentration of 22.5% Poloxamer 407 with 0.07% tragacanth showed promising nasal drug delivery system for donepezil HCl, with enhanced residence time due to increase in viscosity and mucoadhesion characteristics. Conclusion: The use of in situ gel formulation thus can effectively and safely improve the nasal residence time and absorption of donepezil HCl.
Study of Efficacy and Safety of Injection Depot Medroxy Progesterone Acetate In Lactating and Non-lactating Women
Authors: Sharma Mangla , Sharma Mamta , Agarwal Monika
Published: May 2022

Subject: This was a prospective study of efficacy and safety of injection depot medroxy progesterone acetate (DMPA) in lactating and non-lactating women. Abstract: The population of India is growing rapidly. The socio-economic problem of overpopulation is too well known. The use of safe and effective contraception is the need of the hour in India. Contraceptive advice is a vital component of good community health. Aims and Objective: The present study aims to study the establish safety and effectiveness of injection DMPA as a contraceptive method, acceptance, and continuation rate of injection DMPA in lactating mothers who had received first dose at postpartum period and non-lactating women and study the side effect of injection DMPA. Methods: A prospective study was conducted, at J K Lone mother and Child Hospital, Government Medical College Kota, Rajasthan, between April 2019 and April 2020. One hundred women were given injection DMPA 150 mg intramuscularly taken as study group and 100 women not using hormonal contraception were taken as controls group. They were followed at every 3 months. The comparison between the two groups was done using student t-test Chi-square test for calculation of p value. Results: The study was conducted to evaluate that women who were used DMPA mean age were 25.35 years. Overall accepted rate is 20%. No effect of literacy on acceptance rate. Significant menstrual irregularity found which was most common reason for attrition. Failure rate was zero among DMPA user. No significant effect on BP, blood sugar, and weight gain. No adverse effect on lactation. Conclusion: The study concludes that DMPA is a very effective contraceptive. Women accept it very easily without much degree of motivation. However, side effect decreases compliance.
A System Theory Approach in Management of Community Health Centers (Mid-Level Health Organizations) in India
Authors: Soni Paras Mal , Khandelwal Shilpi
Published: May 2022

Health-care delivery in India has been developed at three levels specifically, primary, secondary, and tertiary. The secondary level of health-care basically includes Community Health Centers (CHCs), constituting the First Referral Units. The health-care system is that the organization (e.g. hospital, clinic, and nursing home) that has infrastructure and completely different complementary resources to support the work and development of care teams and microsystems. In open system theory, each system and its subsystems adapt to internal and external demands and feedback. Demands external to the health-care organization cover environmental factors (e.g., labor market, legislation, and population characteristics). Health-care organizations try to use a system that is functioning in response to feedback and informational signals to counteract lacuna. The application of system theory at mid-level will enhance the further managerial promptness at this level. In this paper, we described system theory as the process of identifying the systems of health-care delivery at the CHC level and subsystems with in CHCs and its interactions with environment and other systems.
Biosynthesis of Silver and Copper Nanoparticles Using Cadaba fruticosa (l.) Druce and its Biological Applications
Authors: Nisha KM. Jerun , Vanitha A. , Kiruthika M. Lakxmi , Viswanathan P. , Kalimuthu K.
Published: May 2022

The current study has been designed to synthesis silver nanoparticles (SNPs) and Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using leaf aqueous extracts of Cadaba fruticosa an endangered medicinal plant as bioreducing agents. This method authorized the synthesis of SNPs, which was authenticated by Ultraviolet (UV)-visible Spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared analysis, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) studies, Energy Dispersive X-ray, and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis. UV-visible spectra and visual observation exhibited the appearance of greenish brown and dark brown color indicates the synthesis of SNP and CuNP, after the treatment of Ag precursors. Further the, XRD report clearly shows that the synthesized SNPs were crystalline in nature. In addition, SEM analysis confirmed that AgNO3 solution produced SNPs and CuO2 solution produced CuNPs and their size was about 120–168 nm and 301–538 nm in SNPs and CuNPs, respectively. The leaf SNPs and CuNPs of C. fruticosa leaf aqueous extracts considerable antioxidant activities. The results antimicrobial activity exhibited that the bacterial and fungal growth was inhibited by both the samples in a dose-dependent manner.
Gender Issues in Science and Technology
Authors: Kaur Rupinder Preet
Published: May 2022

The issue of gender bias in science and technology was extensively raised for a long time and as a result, the entry of women in science and technology got started. However, the participation of women in science is still not in parity of expectation. This issue can be addressed by thorough monitoring, informing, and creating the required working circumstances for women.
Effects of Various Phytochemical Fractions of Mundulea sericea on Free Radical Scavenging and Inhibition of Inflammatory Agents
Authors: Gangadevi S. , Gnanadeebam D. Sheeba , Kalimuthu K. , Chinnadurai V. , Viswanathan P.
Published: May 2022

Antioxident and antiinflammatory activities of Mundulea sericea (Willd.) A. Chev. is a medicinally important species belong to the family Fabaceae. This species contains various phytocompounds of entire parts which act as antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anticancer activity, antidiabetic activity, etc. Hence, the present study was aimed to analysis of phytochemical constitutes through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis by six various solvent extracts of hexane (MSBH), petroleum ether (MSBPE), chloroform (MSBC), ethyl acetate (MSBEA), ethanol (MSBE), and methanol (MSBM). The result of phytochemical analysis reported that the MSBE and MSBM extracts are contain more phytochemical constitutes than other extracts. In FTIR and GCMS study, MSBE and MSBM extracts are reported various phytochemical constitutes and out that many bioactive compounds are present of these extracts. Further, MSBE extract was subjected antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In antioxidant activity, four different type assays such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate radical scavenging, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate), hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide (NO) were used. Among this antioxidant study, NO was reported 74.63 inhibition percentage of free radical than other assays. In anti-inflammatory activity, albumin denaturation and human red blood cell membrane stabilization assay were performed by MSBE extract which result reported that the MSBE extract has good anti-inflammatory activity with more than 60% inhibition capacity on both assays. From this study, M. sericea bark extracts contain highly therapeutic phytocompounds which compounds possess good antioxidant and inflammatory activities.
Effect of Yogic Practices on Psychobiochemical Parameters in Girls with Cyclical Mastalgia: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Jaiswal Garima , Thakur Ghanshyam Singh
Published: May 2022

Mastalgia is a common issue that disrupts the reproductive life of women. There is no accepted organic etiology and no definite cure for mastalgia. Mastalgia influences the general quality of life which is related to psychological variables. The present study administrated to determine the effect of yogic practice on breast pain, anxiety, stress, and biochemical profile with cyclical mastalgia girls. Forty females having breast pain past 6 months were recruited for this study and randomly assign into two groups (yoga group and control group) with the age range of 20–30 years (23.52 ± 2.28). Sixty days of yoga intervention were given to the yoga group. Breast pain shown a significant reduction in yoga group in compare to control group (P < 0.001). Similarly, yoga group found a significant reduction in anxiety (P < 0.01) and stress (P < 0.01) as compare to control group. There were no significant changes which were found in progesterone (P > 0.05) and estrogen (P > 0.05) in both groups but the magnitude of change was high in progesterone level in the yoga group. This study suggests that 2 months of yoga practice reduce the breast pain, anxiety, and stress in cyclical mastalgia girls.
Hybrid Type-2 Diabetes Prediction Model Using SMOTE, K-means Clustering, PCA, and Logistic Regression
Authors: Ramotra Atul Kumar , Mansotra Vibhakar
Published: May 2022

Early prediction of diabetes is very important as diabetes can turn out to be life threatening for the patients in the later stages. In this paper, a hybrid framework for the prediction of type-2 diabetes is developed. In the first step, imbalance dataset is balanced using Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique. Then, clustering is applied using k-means clustering technique and all the incorrectly clustered entries and outliers are removed. Principal component analysis is then used for dimensionality reduction of the dataset. In the final step, classification is done using logistic regression (LR), naïve Bayes, support vector machine, and k-nearest neighbors classification techniques. Experimental analysis shows that 98.96% of accuracy is achieved by the proposed hybrid model using LR. The results are validated using 10-fold cross-validation.
Awareness of Healthy Eating and Implementation of Immune Boosting Superfoods in the Diet during COVID 19
Authors: Nandini V. Durga
Published: May 2022

Background: Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses which may cause illness in animals or humans. In humans, several coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory infections ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. The most recently discovered coronavirus causes coronavirus disease COVID-19. Healthy patterns of eating optimize the function of the immune system and improve immunometabolism. Nutrition has a positive impact on COVID-19 as it may be a way to support people at higher risk for the disease, that is, older people and people with pre-existing conditions (non-communicable diseases). Objective: The objective of the study was to study the awareness and implementation of immune boosting super foods during the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hyderabad for 2 months and 174 participants were selected to volunteer study. All the participants were asked to fill the questionnaire designed to collect the data about dietary information, food frequency table, and anthropometric measurements. Conclusion: The questionnaire comprised “Immune boosting tips to prevent coronavirus infection” at the end to educate the participants on the same.
A Mathematical Reflection of COVID-19 and Vaccination Acceptance in India
Authors: Bhola Jyoti , Yadav Ashutosh , Srivastava Ishita , Mathur Utcarsh , Soni Namrata Dewan
Published: May 2022

This paper analyses the current progression of the coronavirus pandemic, with the help of a mathematical model based on differential equations. The model has been inspired by the standard SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) model in epidemiology. The model takes the effect of co-morbidities and vaccination into account. The susceptible population is split into healthy and co-morbid sub-compartments. A series of graphs is presented for the visual depiction of the situation at hand in the Indian context. Finally, a survey (carried out through an online questionnaire) based analysis of the perception of vaccination in the masses in general, and the medical community in particular, has also been presented.
Analysis of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Textile Effluent from Sidco, Vijapuram, Alangadu and Rayapuram Polluted Regions in Noyyal River, Tirupur, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Sathya S. , Baskar V. , Subha K. , Dhanasekaran D. , Priya N. Sathammai
Published: May 2022

Globally, textile industries play an important role in the economy of many countries. A huge volume of water is consumed in the various processes of dyeing fabrics and the majority of this is discharged with heavy loads of pollutants into the environment. The present study assessed on quality of textile dyeing effluent by analyze the physicochemical parameters such as pH, color, electrical conductivity, turbidity and total dissolved solids, calcium, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, potassium, phenol, phosphates, nitrates, magnesium, and sulfates of the effluent were analyzed. The results of the analysis were correlated with the water quality standards of Environmental Pollution Agency and Bureau of Indian Standard.
Cross-sectional Study on Prevalence of Betel Nut Chewing among the Youth of Meghalaya, North East Region of India: Development of Multifaceted Prevention Strategy
Authors: Snigdha Shrabani , Bajwa Tavleen , Anand Shaubhik , Mohan Lalit , Goyal Keshav , Mittal Muskan , Gupta Kusum Rani , Wahlang James , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Diwan Prerna
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Betel (Areca) nut intake, one of the most common oral chewing habits in the world, has been linked to the development of oral cancer, with India having an alarming situation with the highest number of registered oral cancer cases in the world. Method: A cross-sectional analysis was done among the young population of Meghalaya in the North Eastern Region of India, where this habit is prevalent. A questionnaire for on-ground data collection was administered to a total of n = 315 participants of both sexes from institutions in and near Shillong, Meghalaya. The relationship of this habit with social structure, knowledge, attitude, and risk perception was done. Result: A high prevalence rate of 78.09% was found among the school and undergraduate students from Shillong urban and adjoining rural areas for betel nut (BN) chewing with a higher female to male BN chewing ratio. This habit usually starts at the school level and persists for life. Peer pressure, lack of awareness, habituated families, and strong cultural linkage encourage children and adolescents to start chewing BN at an age as early as of 10 years. Lack of adequate awareness programs highlighting the ill-effects of BN and associated masticatory substances adds to the problem. Conclusion: Strategic, structured region-specific multifaceted awareness programs highlighting the potential health risks from uncontrolled, habitual usage of Areca nut has been proposed to prevent initiation of this habit.
Sensing Performance of a ZnO-based Ammonia Sensor
Authors:   Department of Physics, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal, Chaudhary Dinesh Kumar , Maharjan Yogesh Singh ,   Central Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal, Shrestha Sanju ,   Department of Physics, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal, Maharjan Surendra ,   Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA, Shrestha Shankar Prasad ,   Department of Physics, Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44700, Nepal, Joshi Leela Pradhan ,   Department of Physics, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
Published: May 2022

Monitoring and remediation of toxic and flammable gases have become a critical task for the development of a clean society. Among various types of metal oxide semiconductors (MOS), zinc oxide (ZnO) is considered a potential material for gas sensing application because of its high sensitivity, easy synthesis, and high thermal stability behaviours. This research aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the sensing task of a very stable and porous thin film of spin coated ZnO for detecting toxic ammonia vapour at room temperature. As-prepared ZnO films were characterised by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) analyses. XRD and SEM results revealed the polycrystalline wurtzite ZnO phase with grainy surface morphology. Optical calculations quantify the direct band gap of ZnO as 3.2 eV. The sensitivity measurements showed a good response ratio of 38.5 ± 0.6 with an exposure of 400 ppm of ammonia vapour. The results on sensitivity measurement of several cycles illustrated its stability and sensing performance better than other reported similar works. These findings will be useful to develop a low cost and efficient room temperature MOS gas sensor that can efficiently detect extremely low concentrations as 20 ppm of ammonia vapour which is below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) recommended value.
Les Houches Lectures on Indirect Detection of Dark Matter
Authors: Slatyer Tracy
Published: May 2022

These lectures, presented at the 2021 Les Houches Summer School on Dark Matter, provide an introduction to key methods and tools of indirect dark matter searches, as well as a status report on the field circa summer 2021. Topics covered include the possible effects of energy injection from dark matter on the early universe, methods to calculate both the expected energy distribution and spatial distribution of particles produced by dark matter interactions, an outline of theoretical models that predict diverse signals in indirect detection, and a discussion of current constraints and some claimed anomalies. These notes are intended as an introduction to indirect dark matter searches for graduate students, focusing primarily on intuition-building estimates and useful concepts and tools.
Rehabilitation coatings-current challenges and opportunities for the future
Authors: Al-Sahari A. , Ul-Haq Toor Ihsan
Published: May 2022

Underground pipelines used for oil, gas and water distribution in Saudi Arabia and gulf region are estimated more than 33000 km in length with a range of diameters from 8 and 80 inch. Most of these pipelines are buried in different types of corrosive soil conditions and in most cases an external coating is employed along with cathodic protection (CP). Most of the existing pipelines are over 30 years old now and this is the stage to carry out rehabilitation projects for life extension of this aging infrastructure. The selection of the suitable coating systems for the rehabilitation projects is a very complicated process as it requires in depth understanding the coating/environments interactions in that particular environment along with application challenges. This paper discusses in detail the different types of external underground pipeline coating types and their selection criteria for rehabilitation projects along with recent trends and future recommendations.
Rhubarb Peony Decoction Downregulates the Expression of c-Fos after Intestinal
Epithelial Cells Hypoxia-reoxygenation Injury
Authors: Wang Meng , Zhou Yong-kun , Xu Zhen-guo , Chen Xi-qi , Zhang Yun-jie , Zhu Yong , Zhang Xiao-Shuang
Published: May 2022

Background:

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs in several clinical situations
and after intestinal transplantation. This study aimed to examine the role of rhubarb peony
decoction (RPD) in intestinal I/R injury.

Methods:

Different concentrations of RPD were set to treat IEC-6 and Caco-2 cells. Cell proliferation
and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays. High-throughput transcriptome
sequencing was performed on IEC-6 cells treated with hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) or
HR and RPD.

Results:

RPD treatment significantly promoted the proliferation of IEC-6 and Caco-2 cells and inhibited
apoptosis. Sequencing results identified 109 significantly up-regulated genes and 36 significantly
down-regulated genes in the RPD group. In addition, the results of western blot suggested
that HR induced the expression of c-Fos, and the treatment of RPD prevented the HR-induced c-
Fos expression. Importantly, knockdown of c-Fos rescued the HR-inhibited cell proliferation and
HR-induced apoptosis.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, RPD was beneficial in protecting the survival of intestinal epithelial
cells under HR stress. Furthermore, the increase in c-Fos expression after HR stress was closely related
to the proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells.
Advancement in Deep Learning Methods for Diagnosis and Prognosis of
Cervical Cancer
Authors: Yadav Pankaj , Gupta Akshat , Parveen Alisha , Kumar Abhishek
Published: May 2022

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of death in women, mainly in developing countries, including
India. Recent advancements in technologies could allow for more rapid, cost-effective, and
sensitive screening and treatment measures for cervical cancer. To this end, deep learning-based methods
have received importance for classifying cervical cancer patients into different risk groups. Furthermore,
deep learning models are now available to study the progression and treatment of cancerous
cervical conditions. Undoubtedly, deep learning methods can enhance our knowledge toward a better
understanding of cervical cancer progression. However, it is essential to thoroughly validate the deep
learning-based models before they can be implicated in everyday clinical practice. This work reviews
recent development in deep learning approaches employed in cervical cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Further, we provide an overview of recent methods and databases leveraging these new approaches for
cervical cancer risk prediction and patient outcomes. Finally, we conclude the state-of-the-art approaches
for future research opportunities in this domain.
Impact of Indazole Scaffold as Antibacterial and Antifungal Agent
Authors: Nanda Sitansu Sekhar , Yi Dong Kee , Panda Om Prakash , Chigurupati Sridevi , Mohapatra Tapas Kumar , Hossain Md. Imran
Published: May 2022

Heterocycles consisting of nitrogen atom, Indazole, is a pungent, biological, heterocyclic, bicyclic compounds possessing electron rich portions. Indazole composed of two nitrogen atoms put under the azoles family, further called as isoindazolone. It is a colorless solid nitrogen–containing heterocyclics with atomic formula C7H6N2 are extraordinary scaffolds, still identified as isoindazole. So, analogs of Indazole have experienced expert approach in later times because of its special biological properties, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-HIV, and antihypertensive actions. 1H-indazole and 2H-indazole are two toutomeric forms of Indazole. Sometimes, indazole produced three tautomeric forms that are 1H, 2H and 3H tautomers of indazole. 1H-indazole is reliable than 2H-indazole. We should note that a series of derivatives of indazole having 2H toutomers follow hybridization of cyclic systems and act as anti-inflammatory as well as antimicrobial compounds. It formed Indazole itself and derivatives of Indazole in natural products. A sequence of N-methyl-3-aryl inazoles has dominant against bacterial strains like xanthomon as campstris, Baillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium and a fungal strain candida albicans found by in-vitro antimicrobial study of indazole derivatives.
Study on the Mechanism of Sanqi in the Treatment of Disseminated Intravascular
Coagulation-Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular
Docking Technology
Authors: Yao Xin , Zhang XiuJun , Ma ShaoJun , Zheng Chen , Guo YongFei , Lu Wei , Ye Kui
Published: May 2022

Objective:

This study used network pharmacology and molecular docking technology to explore
the molecular mechanism of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Methods:

The main active components and targets of Panax notoginseng were screened by the TCMSP
database, and DIC-related targets were obtained from the GeneCards database. PPI network was constructed
by String and Cytoscape, GO gene analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed
by DAVID, and molecular docking was performed by AutoDock software.

Results:

Eight active compounds and 51 potential therapeutic targets of Sanqi were screened. The key targets include VEGF, MAPK3, EGFR, STAT3 and so on. Beta-sitosterol, Stigmasterol, quercetin, DFV, and Diop were identified as potential candidate ingredients. There are 95 KEGG enrichment pathways. The metabolic pathways involving a large number of genes mainly include PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway.

Conclusion:

Eight active compounds and 51 potential therapeutic targets of Sanqi were screened. The key
targets include VEGF, MAPK3, EGFR, STAT3 and so on. Beta-sitosterol, Stigmasterol, quercetin, DFV,
and Diop were identified aspotential candidate ingredients. There are 95 KEGG enrichment pathways.
The metabolic pathways involving a large number of genes mainly include the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,
Rap1 signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway.
Identification of Withanolide G as a Potential Inhibitor of Rho-associated
Kinase-2 Catalytic Domain to Confer Neuroprotection in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sinha Ambarish Kumar , Dahiya Kajal , Kumar Gaurav
Published: May 2022

Background:

Cerebral stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in a large
number of patients globally. Brain damage in ischemic stroke is led by a complex cascade of events. The
Rho-associated kinase-2 (ROCK2) has a significant role in cerebral vasospasm, vascular remodeling, and
inflammation. It is activated in cerebral ischemia and its inhibition leads to a neuroprotective effect.

Objective:

The present study is designed to identify potential inhibitors of ROCK2 using a molecular
docking approach.

Method:

We docked phytochemicals of Withania somnifera (WS) into the catalytic site of ROCK2 and
compared results with inhibitor Y-27632. ADME and drug-likeness properties of WS phytochemicals
were also analyzed.

Results:

Results suggest that 11 phytochemicals exhibited higher binding affinity toward the ROCK2
catalytic domain compared to the Y-27632 inhibitor. Among these phytochemicals, Withanolide G
formed H-bonding and established hydrophobic contacts with key catalytic domain residues of ROCK2.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that Withanolide G has the potential to inhibit the action of ROCK2
and can be developed as a neurotherapeutic agent to combat cerebral ischemic insult.
Boosting the Immune System with Vitamin D: Special Focus on Prevention
of COVID-19 and Complications
Authors: Ansari Shahid Husain , Ahmad Sayeed , Parveen Abida , Parveen Bushra , Zahiruddin Sultan , Parveen Rabea , Agarwal Nidhi
Published: May 2022

In addition to the classical functions of the musculoskeletal system and calcium homeostasis,
the function of vitamin D as an immune modulator is well established. The vitamin D
receptors and enzymes that metabolize vitamin D are ubiquitously expressed in most cells in the
body, including T and B lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells, monocytes, macrophages and
natural killer cells that trigger immune and antimicrobial responses. Many in vitro and in vivo
studies revealed that vitamin D promotes tolerogenic immunological action and immune modulation.
Vitamin D adequacy positively influences the expression and release of antimicrobial peptides,
such as cathelicidin, defensin, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and reduces the expression
of proinflammatory cytokines. Evidence suggestss that vitamin D's protective immunogenic actions
reduce the risk, complications, and death from COVID-19. On the contrary, vitamin D deficiency
worsened the clinical outcomes of viral respiratory diseases and the COVID-19-related
cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death. The study revealed the need for
more preclinical studies and focused on well-designed clinical trials with adequate sizes to understand
the role of vitamin D on the pathophysiology of immune disorders and mechanisms of
subduing microbial infections, including COVID-19.
Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography-guided 25G Microamount
Trajectory Vitrectomy for the Treatment of Penetrating Ocular
Injury Caused by a Foreign Body in the Right Eye: A Case Study
Authors: Du Zhaojiang , Wang Yuan , Wang Shengyu , Zhao Xingxing , Lu Xin , Wang Tiantian , Chen Wenjun
Published: May 2022

Background:

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a real-time three-dimensional tomography
optical imaging technology that uses near-infrared waves to take cross-sectional pictures of the
retina and other tissues. A few studies have reported the use of intraoperative OCT navigation for the
removal of foreign bodies from the eyeball during surgery. The objective is to present a single case
with a small foreign body (not embedded in the retina) treated with intraoperative OCT guided 25G
micro-amount trajectory vitrectomy.

Case Presentation:

The examination of a 25-year-old man, who suffered from right eye pain, suggested
the following: the visual acuity was 20/250, the intraocular pressure was 8 mmHg, a scleral penetrating
wound was visible at 3 mm behind the limbus at 7 o' clock, and Tyn (+). The vitreous showed
some flocculent turbidity, the retina was flat, and the foreign body was visible at 10 o' clock. On the
day of admission, the patient underwent a micro-amount vitrectomy with the removal of the foreign
body. The vitreous body affected by the foreign body was then removed through the original wound
track by using intraoperative OCT navigation.

Conclusion:

The final follow-up showed the best-corrected vision of the right eye as 20/25 andno occurrence
of complications. The intraoperative OCT-guided 25G micro-amount trajectory vitrectomy
could be used as an accurate, useful, and safe method for foreign body extraction.