bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced-complexity air quality intervention modeling over China: the development of InMAPv1.6.1-China and a comparison with CMAQv5.2
Authors: Wu Ruili , Tessum Christopher W. , Zhang Yang , Hong Chaopeng , Zheng Yixuan , Qin Xinyin , Liu Shigan , Zhang Qiang
Published: December 2021

Abstract. This paper presents the first development and evaluation
of a reduced-complexity air quality model for China. In this study, the
reduced-complexity Intervention Model for Air Pollution over China (InMAP-China)
is developed by linking a regional air quality model, a reduced-complexity
air quality model, an emission inventory database for China, and a health
impact assessment model to rapidly estimate the air quality and health
impacts of emission sources in China. The modeling system is applied over
mainland China for 2017 under various emission scenarios. A comprehensive
model evaluation is conducted by comparison against conventional Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system
simulations and ground-based observations. We found that InMAP-China
satisfactorily predicted total PM2.5 concentrations in terms of
statistical performance. Compared with the observed PM2.5
concentrations, the mean bias (MB), normalized mean bias (NMB) and
correlations of the total PM2.5 concentrations are
−8.1 µg m−3, −18 % and 0.6, respectively. The statistical performance is
considered to be satisfactory for a reduced-complexity air quality model and
remains consistent with that evaluated in the USA. The
underestimation of total PM2.5 concentrations was mainly caused by its
composition, primary PM2.5. In terms of the ability to quantify source
contributions of PM2.5 concentrations, InMAP-China presents similar
results to those based on the CMAQ model, with variation
mainly caused by the different treatment of secondary inorganic aerosols in
the two models. Focusing on the health impacts, the annual
PM2.5-related premature mortality estimated using InMAP-China in 2017
was 1.92 million, which was 250 000 deaths lower than estimated
based on CMAQ simulations as a result of the underestimation of PM2.5
concentrations. This work presents a version of the reduced-complexity air
quality model over China that provides a powerful tool to rapidly assess the air
quality and health impacts associated with control policy and to quantify
the source contribution attributable to many emission sources.
Problemi di apprendimento di tre perifrasi fra spagnolo e italiano. Osservazioni acquisizionali e proposte pedagogiche
Authors: Ambrosini Maria Vittoria , Della Putta Paolo
Published: December 2021

Il contributo prende in considerazione alcuni problemi acquisizionali particolarmente ostici e persistenti nel processo di apprendimento dell’italiano da parte di discenti ispanofoni. Sono noti, in letteratura, i fenomeni di transfer additivo e persistente di strutture perifrastiche spagnole non presenti in italiano. È il caso di andare e venire + gerundio, strutture “gemelle” di ir e venir + gerundio: contemplate e frequenti, in spagnolo, in contesti diafasici anche bassi e trascurati, tali perifrasi, in italiano standard e neo standard, hanno perso molto “spazio” d’uso, e sono oggi relegate a varietà diafasiche molto alte della lingua. Per estar + gerundio e stare + gerundio – la terza coppia di perifrasi considerate in questo studio –, notiamo invece, in italiano, severe restrizioni aspettuali: estar + gerundio esprime sia l’aspetto progressivo che quello continuativo, mentre stare + gerundio si è specializzata solo nell’aspetto progressivo. Ne conseguono fenomeni di transfer spagnoloàitaliano tipici, ben rintracciabili in realizzazioni come *sono stato lavorando tutta la notte. L’interpretazione psicolinguistica di tali problemi acquisizionali è basata sulla difficoltà di individuazione delle prove che possano permettere la ristrutturazione dell’interlingua: in questi tre casi sono prove negative indirette, ovvero la non apparenza delle strutture in determinati contesti o incongruenza con determinati valori aspettuali. Per lenire i problemi di transfer additivo delle tre perifrasi, in questo lavoro, dopo aver approfondito gli aspetti psicolinguistici di cui sopra, considereremo se e come le grammatiche pedagogiche di italiano per stranieri – in particolar modo ispanofoni – trattano queste discrepanze fra le due lingue. Proporremo infine alcuni accorgimenti pedagogici che possono essere utili per aiutare i discenti ispanofoni ad analizzare correttamente l’input italiano, così da lenire l’interferenza negativa fra le due lingue.
Género y prensa en la musicología histórica. Notas preliminares
Authors: Palacios María
Published: December 2021

Género y prensa en la musicología histórica. Notas preliminares
Hacia un concepto de la secuencia (o prosa) litúrgica medieval
Authors: Peláez Bilbao Patricia , Tello Ruiz-Pérez Arturo
Published: December 2021

La secuencia es una clase de canto medieval que, situada por regla general entre el Alleluia y el Evangelio de la misa, fue empleada para festividades particulares en el seno de la liturgia franco-romana. Sin tener un carácter universal y preceptivo, estilísticamente tampoco puede decirse que pertenezca al repertorio gregoriano “clásico”, aunque esté interrelacionada con él. De hecho, en el vasto corpus que hace de la secuencia la categoría de canto más prolífica de la Edad Media, una variabilidad de estilos y tipos (por ejemplo, puede existir como melodía sin texto, parcialmente textuada o como melodía y texto en su totalidad, generalmente a base de pareados), todavía hoy, han hecho de ella fuente de discrepancias y polémicas entre la crítica moderna a la hora de esclarecer y explicar su realidad como género. Este artículo tiene el propósito de contribuir a aclarar el concepto, uso y significado de la secuencia (o prosa) a partir, entre otras cosas, de la consideración de su naturaleza pluridimensional, sus distintas morfologías y estilos, su razón de ser y su posición de influencia en el culto franco-romano y fuera de él.
GRANUL EFFERVESCENT KOMBINASI BUNGA TELANG (Clitoria ternatea) DAN JERUK KALAMANSI (Citrus microcarpa) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF MINUMAN KESEHATAN
Authors: Putri Nurwigya Mohamad , Slamet Nangsih Sulastri , Wicita Prisca Safriani , Imran Arlan K
Published: December 2021

Bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea) adalah tanaman yang memiliki potensi farmakologis sebagai antioksidan, antimikroba, antiparasit, anti-inflamasi, antikanker, antihistamin. Jeruk kalamansi (Citrus microcarpa) merupakan tanaman yang sangat kaya akan mineral dan vitamin C sehingga sangat baik digunakan untuk bahan baku minuman kesehatan. Sediaan granul effervescent adalah hasil dari gabungan senyawa asam dan basa yang bila ditambahkan dengan air (H2O) akan bereaksi melepaskan karbon dioksida (CO2), sehingga efek ini akan menghasilkan buih pada sediaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan bunga telang dan jeruk kalamansi  sebagai bahan aktif dan untuk menghasilkan sediaan granul effervescent sebagai alternatif minuman kesehatan. Ekstrak bunga telang diperoleh dari metode ekstraksi sederhana dengan cara diblender menggunakan air (1:3). Sari jeruk kalamansi diperoleh dari perasan buahjeruk kalamansi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sediaan granul effervescent kombinasi bunga telang dan jeruk kalamansi ini memiliki warna granul putih keunguan dan larutan biru muda bening serta memiliki bau dan rasa kombinasi bunga telang dan jeruk kalamansi, waktu dispersi yang memenuhi persyaratan waktu larut yakni 1 menit 4 detik dan indeks kompresibilitas 13,3%. Berdasarkan penilaian panelis dari parameter tekstur, warna, aroma dan rasa menunjukkan rata-rata 4,3 dengan  kategori suka.Kata Kunci : Bunga telang, Jeruk kalamansi, Granul effervescent
Microfiltración apical en dientes unirradiculares obturados in vitro con diferentes cementos endodónticos
Authors: Reyes Aracena Ana Carolina , Zamorano Vilar Cinthya Fabiola
Published: December 2021

Introducción: Un factor clave para el éxito de la endodoncia es obtener un buen sellado apical que evite la microfiltración.
Objetivo: Analizar la microfiltración apical en dientes unirradiculares obturados in vitro con conos de gutapercha y cementos a base de MTA, ZOE y Sealer 26.
Metodología: Se realizó una investigación de tipo prospectivo, transversal y analítico donde la microfiltración de cementos a base de MTA, ZOE y Sealer 26 fue comparada en términos de cantidad de microfiltración, tiempo de trabajo y grado de corrimiento, respecto a un control positivo donde las piezas fueron preparadas, impermeabilizadas, pero no obturadas; y un control negativo que no fue preparado, obturado ni impermeabilizado. Se utilizó piezas dentarias unirradiculares extraídas (10 por grupo de cemento, 5 para control positivo y 5 para control negativo). Las muestras dentarias fueron preparadas con la técnica clásica y obturadas con la técnica de condensación lateral. La microfiltración fue visualizada con la tinta china y las piezas diafanizadas. La medición de las variables de estudio fue realizada con el software ImageJ y comparados con el SPSS versión 18.
Resultados: El cemento Sealer 26 presentó menor promedio de microfiltración apical, siendo el único que obtuvo casos de excelente sellado, seguido del cemento a base de MTA y ZOE, sobre el corrimiento hacia las ramificaciones solo 3 muestras presentaron un corrimiento regular, 2 del grupo del MTA y una del Sealer 26, respecto al tiempo de trabajo los 3 cementos presentaron un tiempo promedio parecido.
Conclusión: El cemento que obtuvo mejores propiedades de sellado fue el cemento Sealer 26 y las piezas obturadas con ZOE presentaron un promedio mayor de microfiltración apical.
Beastly Condemnation: The Representation of Oldenbarnevelt’s Twenty-Four Judges as Animals
Authors: Van Deinsen Lieke , De Hond Jan
Published: December 2021

The Rijksmuseum’s History Department holds a remarkable early eighteenthcentury album titled Regtspleging van Oldenbarnevelt (The Trial of Oldenbarnevelt). The album contains a collection of thirty-eight watercolour drawings on parchment with written explanations on paper and deals with the infamous trial of the Land’s Advocate. At its heart are cartoons of the twenty-four judges who signed Oldenbarnevelt’s death warrant, with the judges depicted as animals. The Rijksmuseum album is similar to albums in the National Library of the Netherlands and Rotterdam City Archives. In this article we show that Oldenbarnevelt’s judges continued to be subjects of general interest for more than a century. We locate the satirical portrayal of the judges as animals in the broader tradition of animal allegories used as a vehicle for political criticism, and explore the function of the album. It probably served as a key to a painting – not Cornelis Saftleven’s famous work Satire op de berechting van Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (Satire of the Trial of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt) in the Rijksmuseum, but a later composition by an anonymous artist now in the Six Collection. Finally, we come to the conclusion that the album is part of a game of concealment and revelation that is typical of the Remonstrants’ memorial culture.
A supervised machine-learning method for optimizing the automatic transmission system of wind turbines
Authors: Aladwani Habeeb A. H. R. , Ariffin Mohd Khairol Anuar , Mustapha Faizal
Published: December 2021

Large-scale wind turbines mostly use Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) as the transmission system, which is highly efficient. However, it comes with high complexity and cost too. In contrast, the small-scale wind turbines that are available in the market offer a one-speed gearing system only where no gear ratios are varied, resulting in low efficiency of harvesting energy and leading to gears failure. In this research, an unsupervised machine-learning algorithm is proposed to address the energy efficiency of the automatic transmission system in vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT), to increase its efficiency in harvesting energy. The aim is to find the best adjustment for VAWT while the automatic transmission system is taken into account. For this purpose, the system is simulated and tested under various gear ratios conditions while a centrifugal clutch is applied to automatic gear shifting. The outcomes indicated that the automatic transmission system could successfully adjust the spinning in line with the wind speed. As a result, the obtained level of harvested voltage and power by VAWT with the automatic transmission system are improved significantly. Consequently, it is concluded that automatic VAWTs, equipped with the machine-learning capability can readjust themselves with the wind speed more efficiently.
Experience of our first-ever living donor liver transplantation in HIV-positive patient: Report from developing country with literature review
Authors:   Street No. 10, Madina Town, Housing colony, Nankana Sahib, Pakistan, Husnain Ali
Published: December 2021

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the gravest health challenges worldwide in the present era as it has been for the past 4 decades. HIV has always been a sort of stigma and most clinicians are reluctant to perform liver transplantation for chronic liver disease patients with HIV co-infection. Patients with CD4+ cell count >100/ml along with suppressed mRNA levels on PCR, stable HAART regimen, and absence of any AIDS-specific illness or opportunistic infections are the requirements for selecting HIV-positive recipients for liver transplantation.
Case report: Adenocarcinoma of the larynx with later hepatocellular differentiation
Authors:   Resident of Medical Oncology, Metaxa Cancer Institute of Piraeus, Greece., Symeonidis David G , D Liatsos Alexandros-Nikolaos ,   Resident of Nephrology, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece., Papageorgiou George I ,   Resident of Medical Oncology, Metaxa Cancer Institute of Piraeus, Greece., Karelis Loukas ,   Consultant Pathologist, Pathology Department, Metaxa Cancer Institute of Piraeus, Greece., Lianos Evangelos ,   Consultant of Medical Oncology, Oncology Department, Metaxa Cancer Institute of Piraeus, Greece., Kosmas Christos ,   Medical Oncologist, Director of Oncology Department, Metaxa Cancer Institute of Piraeus, Greece.
Published: December 2021

Head and neck cancer accounts for 3.5% of annual worldwide cancer diagnoses with the larynx being part of it. The main methods of treatment include laryngectomy, but mainly a combination of radiation with chemotherapy and then combinations of chemotherapy with immunotherapy in more advanced stages of the disease. Histologically it is mostly squamous cell carcinoma, but cases of glandular differentiation have been reported that favor the entry of these patients into clinical trials. In our case we discuss a patient diagnosed with adenocarcinoma to the larynx area treated initially with laryngectomy and radiotherapy. In metastatic setting, he received multiple treatment lines with chemotherapy and immunotherapy and a later biopsy from a paraspinal mass which pathology resulted in an adenocarcinoma from the larynx, with hepatocellular differentiation. We performed upper endoscopy which revealed a high-grade dysplasia and the initiation of irinotecan led to a rapid clinical deterioration.
Bilateral renal infarcts: A mysterious cause of a rare condition
Authors:   Department of Nephrology & Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland., Elhassan Elhussein AE , Conlon Peter J ,   Department of Nephrology & Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Published: December 2021

Renal infarction is an uncommon condition. While work up to rule out common causes is sensible, a significant proportion may have no cause detected therefore classified as idiopathic renal infarction. We report a rare cause of renal infarction with initial workup results were of no avail.
Pre and post flooding malaria parasitemia in gravid women, South East, Nigeria
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria., OC Ekwebene , VC Obidile ,   Centre for Integrated Health Program, Abuja, Nigeria., CP Nnamani ,   Department of Family Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria., GU Eleje ,   Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria., CF Ekwebene ,   College of Nursing, Diocesean Hospital, Amichi, Anambra State, Nigeria., FC Akubukor ,   Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Published: December 2021

The effect of global change on the incidence of vector borne diseases including malaria is of great importance. Malaria has been regarded as one of the most sensitive disease that responds fast to climate change. Pregnant women tend to have reduced immunity are more vulnerable to vector borne diseases such as malaria especially with climate change like flooding where these vectors borne diseases are endemic. To measure malaria parasitaemia in gravid women pre and post flooding and also to determine the relationship between malaria and seasonal flooding in South east Nigeria. This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving pregnant women aged 15- 45 years attending the antenatal clinics of two maternity centres in a rural community South east Nigeria. Malaria was determined using the thick and thick blood films. Plasmodium falciparum species was examined in this study. Chi-square was used to assess the relationship between malaria and seasonal flooding. One Hundred and fifty pregnant women were recruited for the study. The prevalence of malaria in the gravid women pre and post flooding were 60.00% and 65.30% respectively. Malaria parasite was highest in the gravid women aged 28-31 years and the primigravids. There was no statistical difference between malaria and parity. The mean parasite density in the gravid women was significantly higher post flooding than pre flooding with p-value of 0.001. There was no significant relationship between malaria parasite in gravid women and the periods of investigation. The prevalence of malaria parasite among gravid women in the study area is high regardless of the seasonal flooding. Hence, the need for adherence to malaria prophylaxis protocol by the health care professionals and increase on community health education on malaria preventive strategies.
Endobronchial metastasis of urinary bladder carcinoma
Authors:   Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Samsun, Turkey, Güllü Yusuf Taha , Gündoğdu Büşra Adıgüzel ,   Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Samsun, Turkey, Tuna Tibel ,   Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Samsun, Turkey, Köksal Nurhan ,   Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Bladder cancer is the 12th most common cancer type worldwide. The most common symptom is painless hematuria. The most common sites of distant metastasis are liver (47%), lung (45%) and bone (32%), respectively. Case report: 73-year-old male patient was admitted with the complaint of hematuria. With a preliminary diagnosis of bladder cancer transurethral resection of tumour (TUR-B) was performed and pathology reported invasive urothelial carcinoma. The patient applied to the pulmonary diseases outpatient clinic with the complaint of cough and wheezing. Bronchoscopy was performed with a pre-diagnosis of bladder cancer metastasis. Multiple biopsies from EBL reported in accordance with urothelial carcinoma metastasis. Result: Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder may present with different pulmonary involvement. Although endobronchial metastasis is a rare condition; it should always be kept in mind in patients with respiratory system complaints. Keywords: endobronchial metastasis; bladder carcinoma; urothelial carcinoma; pulmonary involvement.
Cross-contamination in molecular laboratories: A challenge to COVID-19 testing in Bangladesh
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Bangladesh., Rahman Khan Mohammad Jahidur , Reza Selim ,   RT-PCR LAB, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical College, Faridpur, Bangladesh., Mim Farzana ,   Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Rumman Md Abdullah ,   Department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical College, Faridpur, Bangladesh.
Published: December 2021

Rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for the management of COVID-19 patients and control of the spread of the virus. At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Bangladesh had only one government molecular laboratory where real-time RT-PCR will be performed to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection. With the increasing number of suspected cases requiring confirmation diagnostic testing, there was a requirement to quickly expand capacity for large-scale testing. The government of Bangladesh established over 100 molecular laboratories within one year to test COVID-19. To fulfil the requirement for expanded testing, the government was compelled to recruit laboratory employees with inadequate experience, technical knowledge, and skills in molecular assays, particularly in processing specimens, interpreting results, recognizing errors, and troubleshooting. As a result, the risk of diagnostic errors, such as cross-contamination, is increased, as is that the risk of false-positive results, which might risk the patient’s health and undermine the efficacy of public health policies, public health response, surveillance programs, and restrictive measures aimed toward containing the outbreak. This review article aims to explain different sources of crosscontamination in the COVID-19 RT-PCR laboratories and the way to forestall them in efficient and practical ways.
Bilingual aphasia as the initial presentation of a hemorrhagic stroke: Case report
Authors:   UNIMES- Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Department of Structure and Function, Brazil., Brooks Joseph Bruno Bidin , Prosdócimi Fábio César ,   UNIMES- Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Department of Structure and Function, Brazil., Da Silva Gabriela Resende ,   UNIMES- Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Department of Structure and Function, Brazil., Varela Isabela Albuquerque ,   UNIMES- Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Department of Structure and Function, Brazil., Sá Kamilla Mayr Martins ,   UNIMES- Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Department of Structure and Function, Brazil., Fernandes Maria Augusta Duarte ,   UNIMES- Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Department of Structure and Function, Brazil.
Published: December 2021

With a great number of bilingual individuals in the world, there is a growing need for understanding and studying language. In cases of bilingual aphasia, patterns of language recovery can vary. Case report: The present case refers to a male patient, 52 years old, right-handed, born in Arkansas-United States of America and resident for 20 years in the city of Santos, São Paulo. The patient is bilingual fluent in English and Portuguese and had a sudden language disorder associated with a right-sided strength and sensitivity deficit; Imaging exams showed a left lenticular nucleus hemorrhagic stroke. In the language assessment, he presented an important impairment of fluency, compression and repetition in the Portuguese language and relative preservation, with slight dysfunction in fluency in the English language. Symptomatic treatment was instituted with partial improvement of the symptoms. Keywords: bilingual aphasia; hemorrhagic stroke.
SPORTS AND RECREATIONAL DISCIPLINES OF GYMNASTICS
Authors: Gasparyan Hayk
Published: December 2021

The aim of the research is to identify sports and recreational disciplines of gymnastics.
The research methods and organization involve analysis of literary sources, documentary materials and questionnaire. More than 100 literary sources in foreign languages were studied. Gymnastics coaches, lecturers and sport journalists were surveyed in 2019-2020. As for analysis of documentary materials, we got acquainted with the tournaments organized by national and international gymnastics federations. Within this scope educational programs of different universities were observed.
Fantasifulle lengsler og idealiserte forestillinger – barn i ungdommens venterom
Authors: Wærdahl Randi
Published: December 2021

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Skolefritidsordningen – så ille som sitt rykte? Resultater fra den nasjonale evalueringen av skolefritidsordningen: Status og utfordringer
Authors: Kvello Øyvind , Wendelborg Christian
Published: December 2021

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The Influence of the Benefit Redistribution Method on the Willingness to Voluntary Contribute to Public Goods Provision Classroom Experiment
Authors: Péliová Jana
Published: December 2021

Currently we are facing Covid 19 pandemics and it opens many questions about willingness of individuals to give up some private pleasure to contribute to public wellbeing. Theoretical economic research suggest that methodology of group account distribution does affect the contribution size. Lawyers, politicians and economists try to answer these questions using various scientific approaches and methods. One of them is to examine the willingness of individuals to contribute to public goods. Using a laboratory classroom experiment, we test various situations through public goods game. We examine whether economic entities are willing to contribute in situations when it is not advantageous for them from an individual point of view, but it is advantageous for society.
Intertextual Motive Nests in the Interpretation of the Topic Society and Power from the Curriculum in Literature for 11th grade (Compulsory and Proﬁled Preparation, Module “Dialogic Readings”)
Authors:   Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Karaivanova Stefka
Published: December 2021

This article aims to interpret the intertextual motive nests on the topic of Society and Government – part of the curriculum in literature for 11th grade, combining texts from compulsory and specialized training, module Dialogic readings. The artistic interactions between the literary texts included in the curriculum and those that are outside it are considered, in order to highlight the dialogic nature of literature as a special type of cultural signiﬁcance. Based on the speciﬁc interpretive commentary, the leading problem-thematic lines stand out, which would become the basis for effective educational work.
About the Syntactic Structure of Bulgarian Proverbs and English Proverbial Parallels to Them
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University, Russia, Ershova Nadezhda
Published: December 2021

The article considers the most frequent sentence structures of Bulgarian proverbial parallels to Russian proverbs included into G. L. Permyakov’s paremiological minimum. The aim of the study is to classify the syntactic structures of the Bulgarian proverbs in comparison with the structures of the English proverbial parallels. The research has been based on the ﬁndings of a paremiological sociolinguistic experiment conducted by Professor M. Yu. Kotova of St. Petersburg State University and her paremiological group that resulted into series of publications titled “Tetradi Paremiographa” (“Handbooks of a Paremiographer”). The relevance of studying sentence structures is due to the fact that the coverage of grammatical issues, i.e. the analysis and description of the logical and syntactic structures of proverbs, is not paid sufficient attention in many languages.
I Offend (you) – Parameters of Offense and Verbal Aggression in School
Authors:   Sofia University, Stalyanova Nadezhda
Published: December 2021

The article examines the manifestations of verbal aggression among students and draws attention to one aspect of it – the insulting words as a component of aggressive human behavior. The study is based on surveys conducted in 19 schools across Bulgaria. A classiﬁcation of offensive vocabulary has been made. The study registers global trends in modern society, asking questions to psychologists, teachers, sociologists, namely – can aggression be prevented, transformed into a constructive type of behavior, whether the individual could affect the hostile environment etc.
Practical View of Lexicology
Authors:   Sofia University, Voynova Katerina
Published: December 2021

The manual contains various forms of lexicology exercises. The exercises are designed to work with words and their meanings, helping to learn the systemic relationships between them. The edition is suitable not only for foreign students who learn Bulgarian as a foreign language, but also for all who are interested in the Bulgarian language.
A Lexical Expression of Antonymous Relations in the Bulgarian Dialects
Authors:   Sofia University, Milanov Vladislav
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the enormous topic of dialect variety on lexical level. The object of the analysis is the lexical expression of antonymous relations in the word pairs sick – healthy. The presentation of semantic and wordforming models in the two words shows different motivational signs which are the basis for their formation in the Bulgarian speech. Different realizations of the two adjectives in the Bulgarian dialects are reviewed on the basis of rich illustrative material. The vocabulary article is enclosed in the end of the study. It certiﬁes the realization of the meanings in the different Bulgarian dialects.
The Bulgarian Village between the Two World Wars. Sociology of the Crime in the Prose of Georgi Karaslavov
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Alipieva Antoaneta
Published: December 2021

The article traces the sociological picture of the Bulgarian village in the period between the two world wars. Social strata and mental attitudes are deciphered, the economic basis of the crime is traced.
The Role of the Interactive Binary Lesson in Teaching Bulgarian as a Second Languagе
Authors:   Medical University – Plovdiv, Dimitrova Margarita , Todorova Teodora ,   Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystems Research, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Dimitrov Vasil ,   Medical University – Plovdiv
Published: December 2021

The conducting of an experiment on the role of the binary interactive lesson with the participation of a research associate from the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS) has an extremely important part in the learning process. The lesson is about getting to know the role of the natural products in our health. The main objectives of this interactive binary lesson are: expanding and improving of the grammatical knowledge and development of specialized language skills in Bulgarian of our medical students by including them in innovative formats to increase their communicative competence; introduction of pseudo-communicative tasks with particular speech actions, repetition of phrases and creation of own short dialogues, communicative exercises for building complete and bigger dialogues and narrative texts; utilizing teamwork for creating situational compositions, transformations and psychological testing for measuring the parameters of readiness for working in a team, mutual respect, trust, mutual assistance, responsibility in a multicultural environment. In this manuscript we offer the speciﬁcs of an interactive lesson about the role of natural products and health realized with foreign students. We specify the opportunities for language acquisition orally and in writing in accordance with the indicated levels of competence of the European Language Framework. We take into account the possibilities for the application of interactive in parallel with the traditional methods and tools of work, so as to achieve the development of creative thinking in a foreign language for students, as well as the improvement of communicative skills for professional realization.
Level of Formation of Key Competence “Communication in Native Language” in the Pupils in Primary School in Their Teachers’ and Parents’ Opinions: Comparative Analysis
Authors:   Sofia University, Valeva Teodora
Published: December 2021

The article presents a comparative analysis of the results of a survey with teachers and parents of students in the primary school. The aim is to establish the level of formation of key competence: communication in native language.
Estudantes surdos na escola comum: desafios para a educação bilíngue.
Authors: Dias Elayne Cristina Rocha , Neves Libéria  Rodrigues , Silva Italo Rômulo Costa da
Published: December 2021

Este artigo aborda os desafios para uma educação bilíngue de estudantes surdos na escola comum. Apresenta considerações mediante os resultados de pesquisa desenvolvida em duas escolas públicas de Belo Horizonte – MG: duas circunstâncias de ensino-aprendizagem na área de Língua Portuguesa por parte de duas estudantes surdas no 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Utilizou-se de observação direta do contexto e entrevistas curtas semiestruturadas. É possível afirmar que ambas as escolas ofereciam o conjunto do suporte previsto para o atendimento das alunas, entretanto, o trabalho parece ainda estar organizado numa perspectiva de adaptação do estudante surdo aos projetos pedagógicos, a partir do paradigma da surdez apenas enquanto deficiência. Percebeu-se o uso da Libras apenas como mediadora na aprendizagem da Língua Portuguesa; além da desconsideração das particularidades linguísticas dos estudantes surdos; bem como a desatenção com a construção e/ou afirmação de suas identidades. Confirma o quão estamos distantes de um ensino bilíngue e bicultural para os surdos na perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva.
SIMULAÇÃO DE EVENTO DISCRETO: ESTUDO DE CASO DE UM LAVA A JATO
Authors: Quintão Elizângela , Coelha Sionara , Neto José Paulo Da Silva , Silva Patrícia Lidiane Carneiro , Rezende Bruna Aparecida
Published: December 2021

Cada vez mais as empresas procuram formas para tomadas de   decisões   a respeito do processo produtivo ou serviço a ser prestado, de forma a melhor atender os seus clientes. Diante deste cenário, a simulação   tem se tornado uma   ferramenta   bastante útil. O objetivo do presente estudo foi demonstrar a aplicabilidade da técnica SED em um lava-jato, norteado por um estudo de caso realizado no Centro Automotivo de pequeno porte, localizado em Antônio Pereira, Ouro Preto/Minas Gerais (MG). Foi realizado o levantamento dos recursos materiais e humanos para verificar quais são os gargalos do sistema, comprovando assim, a importância da técnica de SED em empreendimentos de prestação de serviços. A partir das informações disponibilizadas pelos proprietários e cronometragem dos tempos de chegada e atendimento, foi possível realizar a simulação do processo de lavagem e/ou acabamento nos veículos leves, veículos de carga e equipamentos por meio do software Arena. Os resultados do cenário real evidenciaram que a retenção dos recursos utilizados para lavagem é de 91,70% ocasionando congestionamento na fila e aumento do tempo de espera. No cenário simulado, a taxa de utilização reduziu para 83,12%, o que contribuiu para a minimização do tamanho da fila e o tempo de espera.
Deprescribing benzodiazepines: Do Brazilian package inserts address this issue?
Authors: Tinoco Marlon Silva , Baldoni Marcela Oliveira , Silva Ériks Oliveira , Paiva Amanda Maria de , Chaves Paula Resende Daher , Pereira Mariana Linhares , Chequer Farah Maria Drumond , Baldoni André Oliveira
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the presence and quality of content on drug deprescribing in Brazilian package inserts for benzodiazepine drugs. METHODS: Documentary study where we analyzed data on deprescribing extracted from electronic package inserts of drugs containing benzodiazepines; these documents were available at the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency website. Our search was performed independently by 2 researchers who used the following keywords: “deprescription,” “withdrawal,” and “tapering.” The deprescribing plan, when presented by the package insert, was compared to deprescribing protocols for benzodiazepines found in the literature. Moreover, we assessed the presence of guidance on the maximum length of treatment and risks of long-term use. RESULTS: We found 12 package inserts for benzodiazepines and 100% of them suggested gradual withdrawal; only 1 (8.33%) suggested a systematized deprescribing plan. One document (8.33%) did not offer guidance on maximum treatment duration. Eleven (91.67%) had the information on long-term use possibly causing dependence or tolerance, and 1 (8.33%) did not describe the risks of continuous use. CONCLUSIONS: It is known that benzodiazepines should be withdrawn in a gradual and schematized manner, but package inserts do not currently bring this information in detail. It is of utmost importance that health professionals be educated on their conduct, hence the necessity for updating medication package inserts.
Methodological description of the mapping of Brazilian long-term care facilities for older adults
Authors: Domingues Marisa Accioly Rodrigues da Costa , Wachholz Patrick Alexander , Silva Christiano Barbosa da , Peres Lidiane Charbel Souza , Chacon Paula Ferreira , Bezerra Polyana Caroline de Lima , Lohmann Sandra , Moreira Virgilio Garcia , Duarte Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira , Giacomin Karla Cristina
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE: To describe the methodological approach adopted to build a database of long-term care facilities (LCTFs) in Brazil. METHODS: This exploratory research was conducted for 12 months, between August 2020 and July 2021, based on primarily publicly accessible data. First, the Unified Social Assistance System (Sistema Único de Assistência Social [SUAS]) database from 2019 was adopted as the primary source of information. In addition, public agencies and managers were consulted and invited to share their databases, while researchers and private entities collaborated by making their spreadsheets available. Data were organized in spreadsheets for each Brazilian state. LTCFs not catering to older adults (aged 60 years and over) were excluded. Duplicate data were excluded when overlaps were identified. RESULTS: This brief communication describes the methodology adopted for mapping the current status of Brazilian LTCFs. Despite its caveats, this study represents an important advance in the identification, characterization, and monitoring of these services nationwide. A total of 5769 facilities were found in the 2019 SUAS census. After excluding facilities not caring for residents aged 60 years or over, this number decreased to 2381 LTCFs. The consolidation and filtering of information from multiple data sources led to the identification of 7029 LTCFs throughout the country. CONCLUSION: Building a solid database was paramount to devising a national policy on long-term care. By including multiple sources, the scope of this survey was wider than all previous efforts and constituted an unprecedented collaborative experience in the country, including the potential to become the first national dataset for the Brazilian LTC sector.
Perspectivas da proteção ao meio ambiente ante o Estatuto da Cidade
Authors: Silva Suelem Da Costa , Gorczevsk Clovis
Published: December 2021

RESUMO

O presente artigo emprega o método de revisão de literatura com a finalidade de analisar o Estatuto da Cidade após 20 anos de sua vigência, considerando o objetivo da proteção ambiental no espaço urbano. Parte-se da premissa de que o Estatuto da Cidade representa um marco normativo e principiológico para a proteção ambiental coadunando com o esforço institucional internacional em conciliar economia e sustentabilidade. Fixa-se o objetivo de apontar de que forma o Estado está responsabilizado para com políticas públicas de proteção ambiental, como transcorre a mobilização política e social e a formulação de práticas protetivas com centralidade no direito ambiental. Busca-se especificar como a Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente coaduna com o Estatuto da Cidade permitindo que o Estado brasileiro responda as demandas de sustentabilidade à nível local, regional e nacional. Incluso, verifica-se de que forma o Estatuto responde a Agenda 2030 e aos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, coadunando princípios do direito urbanístico e do direito ambiental. Entende-se que no âmbito das perspectivas de proteção ambiental a partir do Estatuto da Cidade tem-se a sedimentação principiológica da proteção dos recursos ambientais e a consolidação de um processo de urbanização que respeita as funções sociais da cidade, demandando-se, apenas uma maior mobilização social e um esforço político extensivo em prol do ambiente urbano sustentável.

Palavras-chave: Estatuto da Cidade. Sustentabilidade. Cidades sustentáveis. Meio ambiente. Direito urbanístico.
Alimentos funcionais em derivados lácteos: revisão
Authors: SILVA A. T. P. , LOPES C. O. , CHINELATE G. C. B. , BERGER L. R. R.
Published: December 2021

Os alimentos funcionais são descritos como agentes que oferecem diversos benefícios a saúde e que, aliado ao seu valor nutricional, desempenham papel importante na prevenção e controle de doenças crônicas degenerativas, como diabetes, câncer, dentre outras. As substâncias bioativas encontradas nesses alimentos podem ser divididas nas seguintes categorias: probióticos e prebióticos; nesses alimentos estão dispostos componentes benéficos a saúde como: enxofre, nitrogênio, pigmentos, vitaminas, compostos fenólicos, ácidos graxos polinsaturados e fibras. Essas substâncias podem ser encontradas em alimentos isolados, suplementos dietéticos, produtos fitoterápicos e alimentos processados, sendo estes últimos enfatizados no presente estudo de revisão. Além disso, os avanços na ciência e tecnologia de alimentos favorecem cada vez mais a produção comercial de alimentos com propriedades funcionais, benéficos a saúde, em especial os produtos lácteos com característica probiótica. A presente revisão sistemática teve como objetivo selecionar e analisar estudos com foco na produção e importância dos alimentos funcionais adicionados a produtos lácteos para a dieta humana e seus benefícios à saúde. Os dados da literatura disponíveis demonstram a considerável aceitação dos consumidores pelos alimentos funcionais e o grande potencial destes alimentos no mercado de produtos lácteos, com resposta socioeconômica extremamente positiva.
Produção de α - amilase e amiloglucosidase por Aspergillus niger a partir do resíduo da batata inglesa
Authors: MELO F. S. , ALMEIDA L. R. S. L. , NASCIMENTO V. N. , SANTOS T. C.
Published: December 2021

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi utilizar o resíduo da batata inglesa como substrato da fermentação em estado sólido (FES) pelo fungo Aspergillus niger para a produção das enzimas alfa amilase e amiloglusidase. As fermentações foram conduzidas a 30°C em estufa bacteriológica nas umidades de 35%, 60% e 75%, nos tempos de 48, 72 e 96 horas. Foram realizadas fermentações com e sem a presença do indutor (1g de amido de milho). Na produção da alfa amilase a melhor atividade foi de 152U/g no tempo de 48 horas com umidade 75%. Já na presença do indutor a melhor atividade foi de 192,8U/g no tempo de 96 horas com umidade 60%. Já na produção de amiloglucosidade o melhor tempo foi de 72 horas, com uma atividade de 430,41U/g a uma umidade de 75% com a presença do indutor e de 282,12U/g a uma umidade de 60% sem a presença do indutor. Outras variáveis como a temperatura ótima e o pH ótimo foram analisadas. As temperaturas usadas foram as de 30, 40, 50, 60 e 70°C e os pH foram 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 e 9. A maior atividade da alfa amilase foi na temperatura de 30°C produzindo 192,8U/g, já na presença do indutor a temperatura com melhor atividade foi de 70°C produzindo 258,8U/g. Já na amiloglosidase apresentou preferência por temperatura mais baixos, de 30°C sem o indutor e 40°C com a presença de indutor, tendo uma atividade de 230,41U/g e 313,81U/g respectivamente.
Produção de pigmentos vermelhos e potencial bioativo dos extratos metabólicos DE Penicillium sp. DIRA05 isolado do bioma caatinga
Authors: NASCIMENTO T. C. E. S. , CASTRO L. G. Z. , ANDRADE J. V. , MONTALVO G. S. A. , MELO V. M. M.
Published: December 2021

Mudanças de hábitos da população visando uma alimentação mais saudável e sustentável tem causado aumento na demanda da indústria alimentícia por corantes oriundos de fontes naturais. Neste contexto, pigmentos microbianos são uma alternativa bastante atraente, uma vez que, bioprocessos são reproduzíveis, escalonáveis e podem ser otimizados com ferramentas estatísticas. No estudo, objetivou-se avaliar através de cultivo submerso as condições de produção de pigmentos por uma estirpe de Penicillium sp. DIRA05, isolada de solo da Caatinga, e mensurar o potencial antioxidante e antimicrobiano de extratos pigmentados. Foi usado um planejamento Fatorial 23, com 4 pontos centrais, tendo temperatura, pH e tempo como variáveis independentes. Nos extratos metabólicos foram determinados o conteúdo de proteínas totais; o potencial antioxidante (métodos de captura dos radicais ABTS e DPPH); e atividade antimicrobiana frente bactérias ATCC. No planejamento 23 a maior produção de pigmentos vermelhos foi no ensaio 7 (temperatura 20 ºC, pH 7,0 e 9 dias). As variáveis significativas na produção dos pigmentos vermelhos foram tempo e a interação temperatura e pH. Contudo, as condições do ensaio 8 que exibiram maior conteúdo de proteínas totais 0,136 mg/mL-1 e capacidade de sequestrar 80,94% do ABTS+•. Já o ensaio 5 foi o mais eficiente na captura do DPPH• (35,72%). Os extratos inibiram o crescimento das cepas Gram-positivas testadas, exceto os ensaios 4, 6 e 8. A produção de corante natural com potencial bioativo por Penicillium sp. DIRA05 é promissora e pode ser favorecida com o uso de delineamentos experimentais para futuras aplicações alimentícias.
Cinética de secagem das sementes de melancia (Citrullus vulgaris)
Authors: SANTOS L. G. , GUIMARÃES G. M. P. , ALMEIDA M. M. M. , SILVA R. O. , GALANTE R. M. , WERLE L. O.
Published: December 2021

A melancia (Citrullus vulgaris) pertence à família das cucurbitáceas, sendo amplamente cultivada no Brasil. O consumo da fruta está relacionado à sua polpa avermelhada, rica em nutrientes e compostos bioativos. No entanto, a melancia apresenta grandes quantidades de sementes, as quais, possuem alto teor nutricional, demonstrando grande potencial para a obtenção de farinha funcional, e, consequentemente, produção de produtos alimentícios. Portanto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a cinética de secagem das sementes de melancia em secador de bandeja nas temperaturas de 60 e 70ºC através de modelos matemáticos e determinar o coeficiente de difusividade por meio da Segunda Lei de Fick. O aumento da temperatura proporcionou a redução de 240 para 210 minutos devido ao aumento da difusividade efetiva de 6,5169 x 10-10 para 9,3224 x 10-10 m² s-1 nas temperaturas de 60 e 70 ºC, respectivamente. Além disso, o modelo de Valcam apresentou os melhores ajustes aos dados experimentais, sendo representativo à cinética de secagem das sementes de melancia nas duas temperaturas avaliadas.