bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcome of two knots tension band wiring (TBW) in Mayo type-IIA olecranon fracture
Authors: Choudhury Md Ehteshamul , Hossen Monaim , Chowdhury Abu Zaffar , Kundu Indrojit Kumar , Sutar Mohammad Suman , Rahman Obaidur , Ali Md Yakub , Islam Md Sayedul
Published: January 2023

Olecranon fracture is relatively common and accounts for approximately 40% of elbow joint fractures. It is an intra-articular fracture, so the aim of treatment is anatomic reduction, stable fixation and early mobilization. Tension band wiring (TBW) may be a popular and widely practiced method using either single knot or two knots techniques. Now two knots TBW are widely accepted by AO foundation as well as various countries. But single knot technique is commonly practiced in Bangladesh. The present study was done to see the clinical, radiologi- cal and functional outcome of two knots Tension band wiring (TBW) in Mayo type IIA olecranon fracture. This observational study was carried out by the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 32 patients with Mayo type IIA olecranon fractures were treated with two knots TBW, out of which 30 cases had completed at least 24 weeks of follow-up and analyzed for final functional outcome with Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). The mean age was 32.58±14.21 years and the male to female ratio was 2.6:1. The mean radiological union time was 8.15±2.25 weeks. In 6 (18.75%) cases, it took 6 weeks, in 18 (56.25%) cases, it took 8 weeks and in 8 (25.0%), it took 12 weeks. Complications were found in 21.9% of patients. At first follow-up after the operation showed that 21 (70.0%) had moderate pain and the final follow-up showed 21 (70.0%) had no pain. The mean arc of elbow motion at first follow-up and final follow-up were 61.090±16.2340 and 122.820±15.2870, respectively. The mean functional score at 1st follow-up was 6.75±5.63 and the last follow-up was 24.76±1.69. The mean total Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) scores at first and last follow-up were 40.65±14.48 and 94.13±8.35, respectively. Excellent and good outcomes were found among 21 (70.0%) and 9 (30.0%) patients, respectively. Two knots TBW technique is safe regarding overall complication rate, pain status and excellent outcome.
BSMMU J 2022; 15(2): 90-95
Early outcome of radiculopathy with local application of steroid in perineural space in lumbar discectomy
Authors: Raihan Mohammad Farid , Rahman Asifur , Abu Obaida Abu Saleh Mohammad , Bari Md Shahnawaz , Rahman Md Atikur , Raihan Hafiz Asif , Razib Olinur , Bhuiyan Mohammad Kamruzzaman , Islam Md Jaynul , Rashid Mirza Hafizur , Hossain Mohammad
Published: January 2023

Lumbar disc herniation resulting in compression and inflammation of nerve roots causes low back pain and radiculopathy. Per-operative use of steroids may help reduce inflammatory reaction and scar formation, causing less postoperative pain. The study aimed to assess the early outcome of radiculopathy with local application of steroids in peri-neural space after lumbar discectomy. This experimental study was carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery of the National Institute of Neuroscience and Hospital (NINS&H), Dhaka from March 2019 to August 2020. A total of 68 patients operated for prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc (PLID) at L4/L5 and /or L5/S1 levels were divided into two groups. Patients who did not receive steroids (n=34) and those who received steroids (n=34) in peri-neural space were considered group A and group B, respectively. Patients were examined on the 1st, 2nd and 14th postoperative days to measure the pain intensity by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Pre-operatively mean (standard deviation, sd) VAS was 7.41 (1.28) in Group A and 7.91 (0.9) in Group B (p-value >.05). Mean (sd) improvement of pain intensity on day 1, was 58.82 (17.55)% in Group A and 70.59 (12.26)% in Group B from pre-operative VAS. On day 2, 71.69 (12.43)% improvement was seen in Group A and 79.78 (9.74)% in Group B. On day 14, 75.37 (9.96)% improvement was seen in Group A and 83.46 (7.36)% in Group B from pre-operative. The improvements of VAS in all 1st, 2nd and 14th days were statistically significant (p-value <.05) between the two groups. Local application of steroids in peri-neural space found effective in reducing early postoperative radiculopathy following lumbar discectomy.
BSMMU J 2022; 15(2): 107-109
Online learning experiences among the post-graduate learners during the COVID-19 pandemic in a higher medical educational institution in Bangladesh
Authors: Dey Sanjoy Kumer , Jahan Mosammad Alpana , Rahman Tareq , Jahan Ismat , Shabuj Mohammad Kamrul Hassan , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Shahidullah Mohammod
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic had substantial effects on education. As a result, online education has gained popularity among postgraduate medical students. The aim of this study was to explore postgraduate learners’ experiences regarding online classes. This study was carried out in the Department of Neonatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from March 2020 to September 2020. A questionnaire was sent to neonatology and pediatrics allied residents and students of FCPS paediatrics. Qualitative data were collected and using likert scales to assess satisfaction regarding online learning experience. The study included 79 participants. Of them, 71 (89.9%) responded, 12 (16.9%) attended online classes before the COVID-19 situation. Thirty-four (47.9%) residents opined that online classes provided the right amount of theory. Eighteen (25.4%) disagreed that high-quality learning can be accomplished without face-to-face contact. Twenty-four respondents (33.8%) disagreed that studying online was more motivating than attending a regular classes. Fortytwo (59.2%) concluded that online class was really beneficial, and 50 (70.4%) were satisfied with online education. More than half of them (57.7%) preferred online theoretical classes compelling situation. Though students prefer online education as an alternative to classroom education, both face-to -face and online teachings are necessary.
BSMMU J 2022; 15(3): 151-156
Vitamin D supplementation on prediabetic adults with vitamin D deficiency: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ghani Md Habibul , Morshed Md. Shahed , Haq Tahniyah , Selim Shahjada , Khan Murshed Ahamed , Mustari Marufa , Rajib Mostafa Hasan , Yadav Anil , Faisal Ibrahim , Shah Anil Kumar , Hossain Md Firoj , Hasanat M A , Fariduddin Md
Published: January 2023

Hypovitaminosis D (<20 ng/mL) is thought to increase insulin resistance and meta-inflammation contributing to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). Correcting vitamin D deficiency in people with prediabetes might halt its progression to DM. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance, glycemic status, and inflammation in prediabetic adults with vitamin D deficiency. This doubleblind randomized placebo-controlled trial was done among 27 newly detected prediabetic adults with hypovitaminosis D randomly assigned to 60,000 IU of vitamin D weekly for eight weeks followed by monthly for the next four months or placebo along with lifestyle modification in both groups [vitamin D (n= 14) vs. Placebo (n=13). They were comparable in terms of sex, age and borlymass index. Glycemic status, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and inflammatory marker high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured at baseline and after six months of intervention. Vitamin D levels (ng/mL) increased in both groups from baseline (vitamin D vs. placebo: 12.2±5.9 vs. 3.9±3.5, mean±SD). FPG (mmol/L) significantly decreased in the Vitamin D group (before vs. after: 5.9±0.6 vs. 5.5±0.7, P=0.016, mean±SD), whereas HbA1C (%) and hs- CRP (mg/L) significantly increased in the placebo group (before vs. after- HbA1C: 5.8±0.3 vs. 6.0±0.4, P<0.001; hs-CRP: 5.0±4.4 vs. 5.6±4.9, P=0.039, mean±SD). Percent changes in glycemic status, HOMA-IR, and hs-CRP were statistically similar between the groups. Our study failed to demonstrate the positive effects of vitamin D supplementation on reducing glucose, insulin resistance, or inflammatory marker in prediabetic adult patients with hypovitaminosis D.
BSMMU J 2022; 15(3): 167-174
Assessment of pulmonary function of post-COVID-19 patients of a tertiary hospital at three months following discharge
Authors: Murshid Md Ahad , Hossain AKM Mosharraf , Rahman Mohammed Atiqur , Ahmed Shamim , Islam Samprity , Chakrabortty Rajashish
Published: January 2023

In this cross-sectional study from October 2020 to September 2021, pulmonary function was assessed in 40 (24 severe and 16 non-severe) post- COVID-19 patients at three months following hospital discharge by convenient sampling in post-COVID follow-up clinic at Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. Among 40 subjects, 17 (42.5%) had restrictive defect, 1 (2.5%) had obstructive defect and 22 (55%) had normal spirometry. There was reduced total lung capacity (TLC) in 17 (42.5%) subjects and reduced diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) in 20 (50%) subjects. Mean six minutes walking distance (6MWD) was low (387.6±99.4 meters). Oxygen desaturation was in 4 (10%) cases. Frequency of restrictive defect was higher in severe than non-severe subjects (54.2% vs. 25%). Reduced TLC was in 62.5% of severe and 12.5% of non-severe cases. There was higher frequency of reduced DLCO in severe than non-severe casese (62.5% vs. 31.3%). 6MWD was lower in severe than non-severe group (354.0±134.9 vs. 438.2±51.4 meters, P=0.02). Pulmonary function was found significantly impaired in post-COVID patients which was more prominent in severe disease group.
BSMMU J 2022; 15(3): 192-196
Comparative outcome of cisplatin-capecitabine regimen with oxaliplatincapecitabine regimen in advanced gastric carcinoma: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Shams Mohammad Jahan , Talukdhar Sajib Kumar , Nargis Mst Hasnahena , Ghosh Moumita , Rahman Md Masudur , Hasan Md Zakir , Alam Sarwar , Bhuiyan Md Zillur Rahman
Published: January 2023

Chemotherapy is the primary therapeutic choice for advanced gastric cancer. The goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness and toxicity of the cisplatin-capecitabine regimen versus the oxaliplatin-capecitabine regimen in treating advanced gastric cancer. Between February 2021 and March 2022, this quasi-experimental study was conducted on 64 advanced gastric cancer patients. Purposive sampling was used to include those who met the inclusion criteria and distributed them evenly between the two arms. Arm A got an injection of cisplatin (80 mg/m2 on day 1) with oral capecitabine (1000 mg/m2 b.i.d. on days 1–14), whereas arm B received an injection of oxaliplatin (130 mg/m2 on day 1) plus oral capecitabine (1000 mg/m2 b.i.d. on days 1–14), every 3 weeks for 6 cycles. A final check-up was done at 12 weeks after the treatment. In arm A, 18 (56.2%) patients exhibited partial response compared to 15 (46.9%) in arm B. Stable diseases were also reported in both arms (18.8% in arm A and 21.9% in arm B). There were 8 (25.0%) cases of progressive disease in arm A and 10 (31.2%) cases in Arm B. The median progression-free survival in arms A (5.6 months) was almost similar to arm B (5.9 months). The most prevalent toxicities in both arms were vomiting, diarrhea, anemia, neutropenia, oral mucositis, paresthesia, handfoot syndrome, and renal toxicity. There were no statistically significant variations in outcomes between the two arms. In conclusion, the cisplatincapecitabine regimen is as effective as the oxaliplatin-capecitabine regimen in advanced gastric cancer.
BSMMU J 2022; 15(3): 180-185
Authorship criteria and sequence
Authors: Ahmed Md Sharfuddin , Zaman M Mostafa
Published: January 2023

Abstract not available
BSMMU J 2022; 15(3): 145
Brentuximab vedotin in combination with doxorubicin, vinblastine and dacarbazine for first-line treatment of stage IV HL: cost impact on subsequent lines in Italy
Authors: Fiorentino Francesca , Canali Beatrice , Morelli Paolo , Demma Federica
Published: January 2023

Introduction: This study estimates the change in the costs of second-line or later (2L+) treatments compared to the current scenario, associated with the introduction of brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris®) (BV) in combination with doxorubicin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (A+AVD) for the treatment of previously untreated (1L) patients with stage IV classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (cHL).
Methods: An economic model has been developed that estimates the variation in treatment costs of 2L+ associated with the introduction of BV in 1L from the point of view of the Italian National Health System over a time horizon of 3 years. The population eligible to receive a treatment of 2L+ has been estimated from the literature, considering an increasing consumption in the three years of A+AVD in 1L. Two main scenarios and several alternative scenarios were considered to address the uncertainty that characterizes the distribution of market shares of 2L+ treatments.
Results: In the baseline scenario, over three years, the introduction of BV in 1L is associated with a cumulative reduction in treatment costs of 2L+ of € 1.74 M. In all scenarios, a reduction in treatment costs of 2L+ is confirmed, with a total saving that varies between € 5.6 M and € 1.3 M compared to the main scenarios.
Conclusions: The present analysis shows that the introduction of A+AVD in 1L for the treatment of stage IV CD30+ cHL patients is associated with a reduction in treatment costs of 2L+, even if there are some limitations related to the uncertainty of real cost and population estimates.
Fibrinolytic (Thrombolytic) Therapy for Post Intraventricular Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus in Preterm Infants
Authors: Park Young Soo
Published: January 2023

While the survival rate of preterm infants has increased dramatically over the last few decades, intraventricular hemorrhage and subsequent hydrocephalus remain major unsolved problems in neonatal intensive care. Once intraventricular hemorrhage occurs, severe neurological sequelae are inevitable. Treatment of this complicated pathology and achievement of favorable neurofunctional outcomes in fragile infants are crucial challenges for pediatric neurosurgeons. Fibrinolytic therapy, which chemically dissolves hematoma, is a promising and useful treatment method. In this paper, the historical background of fibrinolytic therapy for postintraventricular hemorrhagic hydrocephalus in preterm infants is reviewed and a recent method of fibrinolytic therapy using urokinase is introduced.
EUROPEAN MODEL OF PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION (GDPR) IN THE PRACTICE OF EMPLOYEE REPRESENTATIVES WITH REGARD TO THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Authors: KUPEC VÁCLAV , ŠVEC MAREK , MADLEŇÁK ADAM
Published: January 2023

The authors deal with the issue of determining the appropriate legal bases for the processing of personal data by employee representatives. The main objective of this paper is to assess the use of the relatively new European legislation on the protection of personal data in the specific environment of individual and collective employment relationships on the part of employee representatives. In the paper, the authors try to confirm that employee representatives in addition to the consent of a natural person concerned are entitled to act in line with another legal basis - the public interest (or fulfillment of legal obligations) given their position in the implementation of individual and collective labor relations. According to the authors, the choice of a specific legal basis will be based on the assumption that the employee representatives process personal data of the natural persons concerned, e.g. for the purposes of exercising the competencies granted by the relevant labor law regulations or for the purposes of managing internal relations of employee representatives (trade union membership as a personal data of a special category, fulfillment of rights arising from the trade union membership by a natural person). The authors substantiate their claims with relevant references to the practice, international legal documents and subsequently emphasize their use within specific labor law institutes.
TORSI DAN DAYA SEPEDA MOTOR MATIC 4 TAK HASIL KEMIRINGAN SUDUT DRIVE PULLEY
Authors: Rifdarmon Rifdarmon , Nefri Zofa Prima , Alwi Erzeddin , Fernandez Donny
Published: January 2023

This study tries to ascertain how modifications in the Drive Pulley's inclination angle on automated bikes affect changes in torque and power output. With alterations to the Primary Sliding Shave and Primary Fixed Shave angles of 13.5o, 14.5o, and the conventional angle of 15o, the experimental research method employed in this study intends to examine the outcomes produced from variations on the same item as the research variable. According to the research, each variable experiences an average rise in torque with a value of 9.25 N/m and power with a value of 8.16 HP when the slope angle of each variable is changed. Only 7.9 N/m of torque and 7 HP are displayed in the results of the standard test. The torque and power produced by a 4 stroke automatic motorcycle may therefore be significantly increased by changing the tilt angle of the Primary Sliding Shave and Primary Fixed Shave.Keywords: Drive Pulleys, Tilt Angle, Torque and Power
Metalurgija čelika u Republici Hrvatskoj
Authors: Gojić Mirko
Published: January 2023

Cilj je ovoga rada prikaz proizvodnje sirovog čelika u Republici Hrvatskoj u razdoblju od 1954. do 2020. godine. Metodologija rada uključivala je analizu sirovina za proizvodnju čelika, tehnoloških procesa, asortimana čeličnih proizvoda, znanstvenoistraživački i stručni rad te visokoškolsko obrazovanje iz metalurgije čelika.Čelik je najvažniji metalni materijal koji se može definirati kao deformabilna slitina željeza s maksimalno 2 mas. % ugljika. Pored željeza i ugljika, čelik sadrži poželjne (mangan, krom itd.) i nepoželjne primjese (sumpor, fosfor, kisik, vodik itd.). Primarna sirovina za proizvodnju čelika je bijelo sirovo željezo koje se do sredine 1991. godine proizvodilo u visokim pećima Željezare Sisak. Čelični otpad je sekundarna sirovina koja se relativno lako prerađuje u čelik pretaljivanjem. Sirovi čelik (ugljični i niskolegirani) u Republici Hrvatskoj proizvodio se u nekadašnjim željezarama u Sisku i Splitu. Proizvodna postrojenja za izradu čelika su Siemens-Martinove (Željezara Sisak) i elektrolučne peći (Željezara Sisak i Željezara Split). Utvrđeno je da je u razdoblju od 1954. do 2020. u Republici Hrvatskoj proizvedeno oko 9,34 Mt čelika.Proizvodnja čelika u Siemens-Martinovim pećima temeljila se na izradi čelika u tzv. otvorenom ognjištu primjenom predgrijanoga zraka i goriva uz proces regeneracije. Za proizvodnju čelika u elektrolučnim pećima toplinska se energija osigurava primarno iz električnoga luka između grafitnih elektroda i čeličnoga otpada.Proizvodni program Željezare Sisak primarno je bio usmjeren na proizvodnju čeličnih cijevi (bešavnih i šavnih), dok se u Željezari Split proizvodio tzv. betonski čelik za građevinsku industriju (građevinska armatura, žica itd.). Danas se čelik proizvodi u moderniziranoj elektrolučnoj peći (uz primjenu postupaka sekundarne metalurgije: lonac-peć i vakuumsko otplinjavanje) u talijanskoj firmi ABS Sisak d.o.o. koja od 2012. godine djeluje u okviru grupacije Danieli.U okviru znanstvenoistraživačkoga i stručnoga rada realizirani su brojni nacionalni i međunarodni projekti, objavljeno je niz članka u časopisima i zbornicima radova konferencija, izrađeno je 110 stručnih elaborata, izdan je sveučilišni udžbenik pod naslovom Metalurgija čelika u dva izdanja (2005. i 2006.), izrađeno je nekoliko priručnika itd. Visokoškolsko obrazovanje iz metalurgije čelika odvija se od ak. god. 1962/63. (na početku na Metalurškom odjelu u Sisku Tehnološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu), a od 1979. godine do danas na Metalurškom fakultetu u Sisku kao jedinoj znanstvenonastavnoj instituciji u Republici Hrvatskoj iz polja metalurgije.
The many hats of transmembrane emp24 domain protein TMED9 in secretory pathway homeostasis
Authors: Roberts Benjamin S. , Satpute-Krishnan Prasanna
Published: January 2023

The secretory pathway is an intracellular highway for the vesicular transport of newly synthesized proteins that spans the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi, lysosomes and the cell surface. A variety of cargo receptors, chaperones, and quality control proteins maintain the smooth flow of cargo along this route. Among these is vesicular transport protein TMED9, which belongs to the p24/transmembrane emp24 domain (TMED) family of proteins, and is expressed across vertebrate species. The TMED family is comprised of structurally-related type I transmembrane proteins with a luminal N-terminal Golgi-dynamics domain, a luminal coiled-coil domain, a transmembrane domain and a short cytosolic C-terminal tail that binds COPI and COPII coat proteins. TMED9, like other members of the TMED family, was first identified as an abundant constituent of the COPI and COPII coated vesicles that mediate traffic between the ER and the Golgi. TMED9 is typically purified in hetero-oligomers together with TMED family members, suggesting that it may function as part of a complex. Recently, TMED family members have been discovered to play various roles in secretory pathway homeostasis including secreted protein processing, quality control and degradation of misfolded proteins, and post-Golgi trafficking. In particular, TMED9 has been implicated in autophagy, lysosomal sorting, viral replication and cancer, which we will discuss in this Mini-Review.
The dynamics of chromatin states mediated by epigenetic modifications during somatic cell reprogramming
Authors: Peng Jing , Zhang Wen Jie , Zhang Qi , Su Ying Hua , Tang Li Ping
Published: January 2023

Somatic cell reprogramming (SCR) is the conversion of differentiated somatic cells into totipotent or pluripotent cells through a variety of methods. Somatic cell reprogramming also provides a platform to investigate the role of chromatin-based factors in establishing and maintaining totipotency or pluripotency, since high expression of totipotency- or pluripotency-related genes usually require an active chromatin state. Several studies in plants or mammals have recently shed light on the molecular mechanisms by which epigenetic modifications regulate the expression of totipotency or pluripotency genes by altering their chromatin states. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the dynamic changes in epigenetic modifications and chromatin states during reprogramming from somatic cells to totipotent or pluripotent cells. In addition, we illustrate the potential role of DNA methylation, histone modifications, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling during somatic cell reprogramming, which will pave the way to developing reliable strategies for efficient cellular reprogramming.
The association between diabetes status and latent-TB IGRA levels from a cross-sectional study in eastern China
Authors: Chen Cheng , Hu Xinsong , Shao Yan , Song Honghuan , Li Guoli , Lu Wei , Martinez Leonardo , Xu Jianfang , Zhu Limei
Published: January 2023

Background

There is a debate regarding the sensitivity of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) among people with diabetes, and prior studies have shown heterogeneous results. We evaluated whether the QFT TB antigen was modified among persons with differing diabetes status and other related risk factors.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 5,302 people was conducted to screen latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in eastern China. The QFT assay was performed as an indicator of LTBI. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was collected from each participant; the definition of diabetes followed the guidelines from the American Diabetes Association. Participants were classified into normoglycemia, prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and previously diagnosed diabetes to evaluate the relationship between the QFT TB antigen and distinct diabetes status.

Results

TB antigen values from the QFT were statistically different among participants with differing diabetes status (P = 0.008). Persons with undiagnosed diabetes had a higher TB antigen value (0.96 ± 0.20) than persons with normoglycemia (0.50 ± 0.02, P < 0.05). However, the TB antigen values demonstrated no significant difference among the four different diabetic groups when stratified by the standard cutoff for the QFT (P = 0.492 for the positive group and P = 0.368 for the negative group). In a linear regression model, we found that FPG, age, and smoking were positively associated with the QFT TB antigen value (P = 0.017, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Diabetes status had little influence on the level of QFT TB antigen response among IGRA-positive persons. However, FPG, old age, and smoking were important risk factors for increasing levels of QFT TB antigen.
Evolution and implementation of One Health to control the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes: A review
Authors: Ahmad Nayeem , Joji Ronni Mol , Shahid Mohammad
Published: January 2023

Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to humanity and its environment. Aberrant usage of antibiotics in the human, animal, and environmental sectors, as well as the dissemination of resistant bacteria and resistance genes among these sectors and globally, are all contributing factors. In humans, antibiotics are generally used to treat infections and prevent illnesses. Antibiotic usage in food-producing animals has lately emerged as a major public health concern. These medicines are currently being utilized to prevent and treat infectious diseases and also for its growth-promoting qualities. These methods have resulted in the induction and spread of antibiotic resistant infections from animals to humans. Antibiotics can be introduced into the environment from a variety of sources, including human wastes, veterinary wastes, and livestock husbandry waste. The soil has been recognized as a reservoir of ABR genes, not only because of the presence of a wide and varied range of bacteria capable of producing natural antibiotics but also for the usage of natural manure on crop fields, which may contain ABR genes or antibiotics. Fears about the human health hazards of ABR related to environmental antibiotic residues include the possible threat of modifying the human microbiota and promoting the rise and selection of resistant bacteria, and the possible danger of generating a selection pressure on the environmental microflora resulting in environmental antibiotic resistance. Because of the connectivity of these sectors, antibiotic use, antibiotic residue persistence, and the existence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in human-animal-environment habitats are all linked to the One Health triangle. The pillars of support including rigorous ABR surveillance among different sectors individually and in combination, and at national and international level, overcoming laboratory resource challenges, and core plan and action execution should be strictly implemented to combat and contain ABR under one health approach. Implementing One Health could help to avoid the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance while also promoting a healthier One World. This review aims to emphasize antibiotic resistance and its regulatory approaches from the perspective of One Health by highlighting the interconnectedness and multi-sectoral nature of the human, animal, and environmental health or ill-health facets.
Naturally acquired antibodies to gametocyte antigens are associated with reduced transmission of Plasmodium vivax gametocytes to Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes
Authors: Tebeje Surafel K. , Chali Wakweya , Hailemeskel Elifaged , Ramjith Jordache , Gashaw Abrham , Ashine Temesgen , Nebret Desalegn , Esayas Endashaw , Emiru Tadele , Tsegaye Tizita , Teelen Karina , Lanke Kjerstin , Takashima Eizo , Tsuboi Takafumi , Salinas Nichole D. , Tolia Niraj H. , Narum David , Drakeley Chris , Witkowski Benoit , Vantaux Amelie , Jore Matthijs M. , Stone William J. R. , Hansen Ivo S. , Tadesse Fitsum G. , Bousema Teun
Published: January 2023

Naturally acquired antibodies may reduce the transmission of Plasmodium gametocytes to mosquitoes. Here, we investigated associations between antibody prevalence and P. vivax infectivity to mosquitoes. A total of 368 microscopy confirmed P. vivax symptomatic patients were passively recruited from health centers in Ethiopia and supplemented with 56 observations from asymptomatic P. vivax parasite carriers. Direct membrane feeding assays (DMFA) were performed to assess mosquito infectivity; for selected feeds these experiments were also performed after replacing autologous plasma with malaria naïve control serum (n=61). The prevalence of antibodies against 6 sexual stage antigens (Pvs47, Pvs48/45, Pvs230, PvsHAP2, Pvs25 and PvCelTOS) and an array of asexual antigens was determined by ELISA and multiplexed bead-based assays. Gametocyte (ρ< 0.42; p = 0.0001) and parasite (ρ = 0.21; p = 0.0001) densities were positively associated with mosquito infection rates. Antibodies against Pvs47, Pvs230 and Pvs25 were associated with 23 and 34% reductions in mosquito infection rates (p<0.0001), respectively. Individuals who showed evidence of transmission blockade in serum-replacement DMFAs (n=8) were significantly more likely to have PvsHAP2 or Pvs47 antibodies. Further studies may demonstrate causality for the observed associations, improve our understanding of the natural transmission of P. vivax and support vaccine development.
Relationship between hydrogeochemical characteristics of hot springs and seismic activity in the Jinshajiang fault zone, Southeast Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhou Xiaocheng , Li Ying , He Miao , Li Jingchao , Dong Jinyuan , Tian Jiao , Yan Yucong , Ouyang Shupei , Liu Fengli
Published: January 2023

Significant anomalous hydrogeochemical changes in hot spring water are detected during strong seismic cycles. It is now necessary to clarify the relationship between tectonic movements, earthquakes and the evolution of hot springs. In this paper, laboratory analyses of major, trace elements, δD, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr values of 28 hot spring waters in the Jinshajiang fault zone (JSJFZ) in the northwestern boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan block were conducted. The results showed that the primary source of water for JSJFZ hot springs was atmospheric precipitation. The geothermal reservoir temperature variation based on the silicon enthalpy mixing model ranged from 73 to 272°C. And the circulation depth range was 1.2–5.4 km. The segmentation characteristics of the 87Sr/86Sr values were related to the influence of source rocks on groundwater cycle processes. A conceptual model of the hydrologic cycle of hot springs explained the spatial distribution of earthquakes associated with tectonic movements. The Batang segment had the strongest water-rock reaction, the highest reservoir temperature and the deepest circulation depth; meanwhile, it was also an earthquake prone area. The fluid circulation of the JSJFZ corresponds well with the seismicity, which indicates that the hydrological characteristics of the hot spring water in a fracture zone play a crucial role in receiving information on seismic activity.
A method to evaluation rock brittleness based on statistical damage constitutive parameters
Authors: Gao Meiben , Li Tianbin , Gao Yang , Zhang Yan , Yang Qingwen , He Zhihao , He Qingqing
Published: January 2023

Brittleness is an important parameter to evaluate the performance of rock engineering. A scientific and reasonable brittleness evaluation method is of great significance to theoretical research and the engineering practice of rock mechanics. In view of the existing statistical constitutive models of rock based on the Weibull distribution being able to express various constitutive behaviors well, such as brittleness, plasticity, strain softening, this paper wants to determine rock brittleness from constitutive models. First, the parameter m, which can effectively reflect the overall characteristics of the rock stress-strain curve, and the parameter δ, which can reflect the post-peak characteristics, are selected. Then, a brittle evaluation method based on rock statistical damage constitutive parameters is proposed, and the brittleness index Bm (Bm = m·δ) is established. The feasibility is verified by the testing data of granite, sandstone and marble under different conditions. The results show that the brittleness of those hard rocks decrease with the increasing of confining pressure. For confining pressures of 5 MPa and 15 MPa, the brittleness of granite under triaxial unloading test is greater than that under triaxial compression test. The calculation results quantitatively reflect the brittle characteristics of sandstone, marble and granite in the test. Compared with the existing representative brittleness indexes, it is found that the brittleness index Bm can effectively reflect the characteristics of rock brittleness decreasing with increasing confining pressure and enhancement under unloading stress path. This paper provides a way to evaluate rock brittleness from the perspective of a constitutive model, which is helpful to enrich our understanding of rock brittleness.
Experimental study and weighting analysis of factors influencing gas desorption
Authors: He Xin , Cui Hong-qing , Zhang Hang , Wang Zhen-zhi , Wang Ze-hua , Shi Guang-shan
Published: January 2023

Gas is one of the necessary contributing factors for coal and gas outburst accidents, and the gas desorbed in coal is the energy carrier in the outburst process. The study of gas desorption laws is the premise and basis for gas content determination and gas accident prevention. To solve the problem of inaccurate gas content measurement due to the unclear characteristics of rapid gas desorption in 0–10 s, the gas desorption experimental device was improved, the influence factors of gas desorption were studied experimentally, and a comprehensive analysis method was proposed based on the gas desorption rate, gas desorption efficiency, initial gas desorption amount and total desorbed gas. The experiment analysed five factors that affected gas desorption, including the degree of metamorphism, type of failure, particle size, pressure and temperature. The results show that there is a monotonically decreasing power function relationship between the initial gas desorption rate and time and a monotonically increasing logarithmic function relationship between the gas desorption amount and time; the curve has a limit value. The gas desorption amount is large in 0–10 s and increases slowly afterwards. Among the factors affecting gas desorption, their importance decreases in the order of pressure > metamorphism > particle size > failure type > temperature. This study is of great practical value for the calculation of gas losses in gas content determination, and the resulting gas desorption laws are of great importance in guiding gas control work.
Tunneling construction technology of shafts and cross-passages under strictly controlling deformation of the existing railway
Authors: Liu Liu , Xu Gongwen , Li Rongxian , Fang Zhichun , Chen Hongwen , Wu Siqi , Xu Wenbo , Han Bing , Ma Chaoyi , Shen Qian
Published: January 2023

Underground construction will have more or less adverse effects on adjacent existing buildings with more and more existing buildings above ground. However, this situation has only been reported by a small number of researchers. In view of this, this article takes the existing airport line shaft and horizontal passage project in the western suburb of Beijing Metro Line 12 as the background to study the impact of the construction of subway station and shaft passage on the adjacent existing railway. Based on the above project reality, under the action of pavement load, the effects of different parameters (the distance between the surface measuring point and the middle line of the transverse passage and the substep of construction loading sup step) on the surface settlement and track deformation of the shaft and cross-passage through the existing railway are studied by numerical analysis method. The calculation results show that the construction method of shaft and cross passage is reasonable. The comprehensive reinforcement measures of subgrade, rail and hole are effective, effectively controlling the deformation of subgrade and rail within the standard value (surface settlement ≤60 mm, rail deformation ≤6 mm). In addition, the numerical simulation data can better represent the actual situation as a whole.
Experimental study on mechanical properties of single fracture-hole red sandstone
Authors: Jiang Ning , Lv Ke , Gao Zhiyou , Jia Chuanbao , Ye Lei , Meng Shuyu , Su Quanbao
Published: January 2023

Various fractures and holes in the natural rock mass affected the mechanical properties of the rock mass and the safety construction of engineering. In this study, we investigated the mechanical properties of a single fracture-hole rock specimen using particle flow code 2D (PFC2D) numerical simulation software and through laboratory tests. We analysed the failure behaviours and mechanical properties of the rock specimen with a single fracture-hole specimen under different fracture angles. The failure modes of single fractured rock samples with different fracture angles were revealed. The fracture propagation and stress evolution of the rock specimen with a single fracture-hole under different fracture angles were investigated. The experimental results shown that the peak strength, peak strain, elastic modulus, initial fracture stress, and damage stress of the single fracture-hole rock specimen with different fracture angles were significantly less than those of the intact rock specimen. Moreover, fracture hole defects accelerated the generation of fractures and promote the failure of the rock specimen. The failure modes were divided into Y, inverted Y, and V types. Before the rock specimen fractures, the stress concentration area was mainly distributed at both ends of the fracture. The stress concentration area at both ends of the fracture gradually decreased, and the stress concentration area near the hole gradually increased as the fracture angle increased. By experiments, the acoustic emission of the model had gone through three stages: initial, steady growth, and rapid decline. The size of the inclination angle affected the number of acoustic emission hits and the generation of acoustic emission signals. Failure behaviours of the rock specimen with a single fracture-hole were systematically investigated, which could promoted the development of fracture rock mechanics and improved the understanding of instability failure mechanism in rock engineering, such as nuclear wasted treatment engineering and deep underground engineering.
Liquefaction evaluation method of coral sand: Case study on the ports in Indonesia
Authors: Ji Zezhou , Ye Xiangji , Zhang Yingmin
Published: January 2023

While the liquefaction evaluation methods of siliceous sand have undergone extensive studies, few research efforts were conducted to establish standard for the liquefaction susceptibility of coral sand. The current study develops an innovative method to evaluate the liquefaction potential of coral sand. Specifically, the method integrates the grain-size distribution of coral sand, effective overburden stress and equivalent seismic acceleration. Scanning electron microscopy image of coral sand was processed to reveal the microstructural characteristics of coral sand. The correction equation for standard penetration resistance of coral sand in Indonesian ports was given based on geotechnical investigations, and the recommended values of correction factors were proposed for the regions lacking relevant data in the previous period. The process for liquefaction evaluation method of coral sand was described and applied to evaluate the liquefaction potential of coral sand in Indonesian port projects. This study demonstrates the feasibility of integrating standard penetration test and grain-size distribution for liquefaction evaluation of coral sand.
Post-collisional magmatism associated with the final closure of the Rushan-Pshart Meso-Tethys Ocean in Pamir, Tajikistan: Inference from Cretaceous igneous rocks of the Pshart accretionary complex
Authors: Yogibekov Dzhovid , Sang Miao , Xiao Wenjiao , Mamadjonov Yunus , Zhou Chuanming , Yang He , Mao Qigui , Aminov Jovid , Khalimov Gufron , Ashuraliev Sohibnazar
Published: January 2023

The Pamir orogen was formed by the subducted accretion and amalgamation of Cimmerian terranes from the northern margin of Gondwana with the southern margin of Eurasia. The Mesozoic magmatic rocks are widespread in Pamir and record the tectonic evolution in different stages. The Rushan–Pshart suture zone represents an ancient ocean between Central and Southern Pamir. This paper reports the petrography, geochronology, and geochemistry of Cretaceous granites and diabase dikes that intrude into the Pshart complex. The granites were emplaced between 124 and 118 Ma, based on their zircon U-Pb ages. These granites are characterized by high-K calc-alkaline, low magnesian, and high SiO2, A/CNK, and K2O+Na2O values. They also display strong depletion of Ba, Sr, Eu, and Ti and comparatively weak negative Nb anomalies in spidergrams. Thus, we proposed in this study that these are highly fractionated, strongly peraluminous S-type granites. They were generated by the partial melting of the metasedimentary rocks in the plagioclase stability field and underwent subsequent fractional crystallization during their ascent. The diabase dikes contain low SiO2, and high MgO levels and negative Nb and Ta anomalies, which were interpreted to form in an extensional environment. Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous closure of the Rushan–Pshart Ocean and subsequent foundering of its oceanic lithosphere caused local extension and upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle. The underplating of mafic magma provided a heat source to melt the metasedimentary-derived granitic that formed in the initial post-collisional environment. The subsequent local extension caused the emplacement of diabase dikes. Based on our new data and combined with data from previous studies, we concluded that the Rushan–Pshart suture zone is the remnant of the Meso-Tethys Ocean and may represent the western continuation of the Bangong–Nujiang suture of the Tibetan Plateau.
Spatial distribution analysis and application of engineering disturbance disasters in the Himalayan alpine valley
Authors: Song Yewei , Guo Jie , Ma Fengshan , Liu Jia , Li Guang
Published: January 2023

The Himalayan alpine canyon area is characterized by complex engineering geological conditions and abnormal internal and external dynamic geological processes. Severe slope disturbance disasters can be caused by engineering disturbances. In this study, field investigations and theoretical analyses were performed to determine the formation mechanism, spatial distribution law, and controlling factors of engineering disturbance disasters in the Himalayan alpine and canyon areas. A total of 396 engineering disturbance disasters were identified within the scope of the 2,800-km survey line. A geographic information system and mathematical statistical analysis were used to analyze the correlation between engineering disturbance disasters and factors such as the slope, slope aspect, elevation, peak ground acceleration, distance from fault, distance from river, rainfall, lithological changes, and historical earthquake effects. The statistical analysis indicates a good power-law and exponential distribution between the engineering disturbance disaster concentration and the slope and distance from the river, respectively. The slope and distance from the river are the two most important factors in determining the spatial distribution of engineering disturbance disasters; the other factors also influence the distribution to some extent. These factors affect the quality of the slope rock and soil mass, affecting slope stability. The main form of engineering disturbance in the study area is slope cutting. The direct result (increase in slope) and secondary result (decrease in rock mass quality caused by unloading rebound) of slope cutting are the most important factors inducing engineering disturbance disasters. Based on previous research results, factors in engineering disturbance disasters in alpine and canyon areas were evaluated, and the distribution of disturbance disasters along the China–Nepal Railway was predicted. The study area was divided into extremely high-(13.6%), high-(30.4%), medium-(34.1%), and low-susceptibility (22.0%) areas. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of engineering disturbance disasters in Himalayan alpine valley areas.
Rock physics characteristics of marine sediments in the South China sea: The link between the geological factors and elastic properties
Authors: Ali Hussein Abdullah Ali , Zhao Luanxiao , Chen Yuanyuan , Wang Jiliang
Published: January 2023

Understanding the geological factors behind the physical and elastic properties of marine sediments and unconsolidated rock is essential for the interpretation of geophysical measurements, hazard assessment, and ocean engineering applications. Core and well logging data from the six drilling sites of the Ocean Drilling Program/International Ocean Discovery Program (ODP/IODP) were used to analyze the rock physical characteristics in the South China sea. The depositional environment plays a significant role in affecting the physical properties of marine sediments. The sediments deposited under shallow water conditions show a higher velocity than the basin, slope, and deeper shelf carbonate deposits. Moreover, the non-depositional hiatus along the Oligocene-Miocene boundary displays a notable control on the variation of rock physical properties. It is found that the lithofacies and physical compaction remarkably influence the elastic characteristics of P-impedance and Vp/Vs ratio. The calcareous-rich sediment and ooze have very low P-impedance and high Vp/Vs ratio, whereas the siltstone and coarse sand present high P-impedance and low Vp/Vs ratio characteristics. With the enhancement of the consolidation degree, the Vp/Vs ratio significantly decreases from 6 to less than 2, suggesting that the shear wave velocity is highly sensitive to physical compactions. The basalt at site U1431 is considerably lower in its P-wave velocity than that at the site of U1433, which is probably caused by the intense fracturing occurring at the site of U1431 associated with different tectonic environments. We establish the link between geological factors and elastic characteristics of marine sediments of SCS, laying the foundation for characterizing depositional environments, lithofacies, and compaction degrees using geophysical measurements.