bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Stem Cells Resistance to Radiotherapy
Authors: Taeb Shahram , Ashrafizadeh Milad , Zarrabi Ali , Rezapoor Saeed , Musa Ahmed Eleojo , Farhood Bagher , Najafi Masoud
Published: December 2021

Cancer is a chronic disorder that involves several elements of both the tumor and the
host stromal cells. At present, the complex relationship between the various factors presents in the
tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor cells, as well as immune cells located within the TME,
is still poorly known. Within the TME, the crosstalk of these factors and immune cells essentially
determines how a tumor reacts to the treatment and how the tumor can ultimately be destroyed, remain
dormant, or develop and metastasize. Also, in TME, reciprocal crosstalk between cancer-associated
fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix (ECM), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) intensifies
the proliferation capacity of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are a subpopulation of cells that reside
within the tumor bulk and have the capacity to self-renew, differentiate, and repair DNA damage.
These characteristics make CSCs develop resistance to a variety of treatments, such as radiotherapy
(RT). RT is a frequent and often curative treatment for local cancer which mediates tumor elimination
by cytotoxic actions. Also, cytokines and growth factors that are released into TME have
been involved in the activation of tumor radioresistance and the induction of different immune
cells, altering local immune responses. In this review, we discuss the pivotal role of TME in the resistance
of CSCs to RT.
Homocysteinylation and Sulfhydration in Diseases
Authors: Chen Si-Min , Tang Xiao-Qing
Published: December 2021

:

Homocysteine (Hcy) is an important intermediate in methionine metabolism and generation
of one-carbon units, and its dysfunction is associated with many pathological states. Although
Hcy is a non-protein amino acid, many studies have demonstrated protein-related homocysteine metabolism
and possible mechanisms underlying homocysteinylation. Homocysteinylated proteins lose
their original biological function and have a negative effect on the various disease phenotypes. Hydrogen
sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as an important gaseous signaling molecule with mounting
physiological properties. H2S modifies small molecules and proteins via sulfhydration, which is
supposed to be essential in the regulation of biological functions and signal transduction in human
health and disorders. This review briefly introduces Hcy and H2S, further discusses pathophysiological
consequences of homocysteine modification and sulfhydryl modification, and ultimately makes
a prediction that H2S might exert a protective effect on the toxicity of homocysteinylation of target
protein via sulfhydration. The highlighted information here yields new insights into the role of protein
modification by Hcy and H2S in diseases.
The Implication of Glial Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Alzheimer’s
Disease
Authors: de Lima Izabella B.Q. , Ribeiro Fabíola M.
Published: December 2021

:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was first identified more than 100 years ago and, yet, aspects pertaining its origin as well as the mechanisms underlying disease progression are not well known. To this date, there is no therapeutic approach or disease modifying drug that could halt or at least delay disease progression. Until recently, glial cells were seen as secondary actors in brain homeostasis. Although this view was gradually refuted and the relevance of glial cells for the most diverse brain functions such as synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission was vastly proved, many aspects of its functioning as well as its role in pathological conditions remain poorly understood. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in glial cells were shown to be involved in neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. Besides its relevance for glial function, glutamatergic receptors are also central in the pathology of AD and recent studies have shown that glial mGluRs play a role in the establishment and progression of AD. Glial mGluRs influence AD-related alterations in Ca2+ signalling, APP processing and Aβ burden, as well as AD-related neurodegeneration. However, different types of mGluRs play different roles, depending on the cell type and brain region that is being analysed. Therefore, in this review we focus on the current understanding of glial mGluRs and their implication in AD, providing an insight for future therapeutics and identifying existing research gaps worth investigating.
Design, Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterizations of Medicinal Hydrazide
Derivatives and Metal Complexes of Malonic Ester
Authors: Parveen Sajidah , Shah Habib-Ur-Rehman , Ashfaq Muhammad , Naseem Hafiza Ammara , Ahmad Khalil , Aziz Tariq , Rauf Abdul
Published: December 2021

Background:

A new series of malonic acid-based hydrazide derivatives (BPMPDH, 2HPMPDH, 3HPMPDH, 4HPMPDH, DMPDH) are successfully synthesized by the reaction of malonic ester hydrazide with various substituted aldehydes like salicylaldehyde, benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde, 3-hydroxy benzaldehyde and formaldehyde)

Methods:

metal complexes of prepared hydrazide derivatives were prepared using metals like Cu+2, Zn+2 and Ni+2 via a mild, efficient and convenient method. Newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR (1H & 13C), UV/VIS and mass spectrometry. The presence of –C=N- peak at 1600-1700 cm-1 with the absence of NH2 peak at 3500 cm-1 in FTIR spectra. In 1HNMR peak at, 11.00-13.00 ppm for –OH protons and 7.00-9.50 ppm for –NH verified the synthesis of new hydrazide derivatives. The presence of a C-OH sharp peak at 180-190 ppm, a C=O peak at 160-170 ppm and a C=N peak at 140-150 ppm confirmed synthesis. In mass spectra, the molecular ion peaks at 308 m/z, 340 m/z and 156 m/z confirmed synthesis. Synthesized compounds have also been analyzed for their antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, chymotrypsin and tyrosinase inhibition activities

Result and Conclusion:

The results revealed that the 2HPMPDH, 3HPMPDH, 4HPMPDH and their Cu+2 and Zn+2 metal complexes showed more successful inhibition against standard drugs, based on structure activity relationship.
The Inhibitory Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract from the Algerian Echium trygorrhizum Pomel Roots on α-amylase Activity
Authors: Nouri Allaoua , Gasmi Lakhder , Bensouici Chawki , Harzallah Daoud , Khennouf Seddik , Dahamna Saliha
Published: December 2021

Background:

Species of Echium trygorrhizum Pomel are used traditionally in Algeria folk medicine for the treatment of Diabetes, Jaundice and Tonsillitis. To our knowledge, no previous study has been conducted on the pharmacological activities of this species.

Objective:

The objective of the present research was to evaluate the content of polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins compounds and to assess in vitro the antioxidant activity and the inhibitory effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of this plant on α-amylase activity, an enzyme responsible for digestion of carbohydrate before the process of intestinal absorption.

Methods:

Polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins were evaluated spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu, the Aluminum chloride and vanillin methods, respectively. The antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS, Ferric reducing antioxidant power and β-carotene bleaching tests and the assessment of in vitro α-amylase inhibitory potential by an Aspergillus oryzae α- amylase have been studied.

Results:

The hydroalcoholic crude extract was able to inhibit the α-amylase enzyme in vitro, with an IC50 of 0.56 ± 0.044 mg/ml, in addition, the contents of polyphenols and flavonoids were found to be 157.403 ± 0.835 μg GAE/mg extract and 30.156±2.634μg Q E / mg extract, respectively, Whereas the amount of tannins was 65.293 ± 0.883μg Cat E/ mg of dry extract.

Conclusion:

The present study revealed that the extract is rich in phenolic compounds, which play a really important role in the scavenging of free radicals. The inhibitory capacity of hydroalcoholic roots extract on Aspergillus oryzae α-amylase enzyme has been reported and might be used as a natural agent within the management of diabetes mellitus.
β-estradiol Induces Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer through the Suppression of AKT/NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Enxin , Chen Jiaxu , Deng Lijuan , Huang Yuqing , Chen Shouguo , Lei Yuhe , Chung Chiwing , Chan Meiching , Chen Lei , Zhong Yinqin
Published: December 2021

Background:

Cervical cancer is the fourth most prevalent gynecological cancer worldwide,
which threatens women's health and causes cancer-related mortality. In the search for effective
anticervical cancer drugs, we discovered that β-estradiol (E2), a potent drug for estrogen deficiency
syndrome treatment, displays the most potent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells.

Objective:

This study aims to evaluate the growth inhibitory effect of β-estradiol on HeLa cells and
explore its underlying mechanisms.

Methods:

CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of 6 compounds against HeLa cells.
Flow cytometric analysis and Hoechst 33258 staining assay were performed to detect cell cycle arrest
and apoptosis induction. The collapse of the mitochondrial potential was observed by the JC-1
staining assay. The expression levels of proteins were examined by western blotting.

Results:

β-Estradiol, at high concentration, displays potent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells with an
IC50 value of 18.71 ± 1.57 μM for 72 h treatment. β-Estradiol induces G2/M cell cycle arrest
through downregulating Cyclin B1 and p-CDK1. In addition, β-estradiol-induced apoptosis is accompanied
by the loss of mitochondrial potential, activation of the Caspase family, and altered
Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. β-Estradiol markedly decreased the expression level of p-AKT and p-NF-κB.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that β-estradiol induces mitochondrial apoptosis in cervical
cancer through the suppression of AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway, indicating that β-estradiol may
serve as a potential agent for cervical cancer treatment.
Network Pharmacology-based Prediction and Verification of Shikonin for Treating Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Song Peng , Duan Dongzhu , Guo Wenjing , Wang Zefeng , Cui Qianfei , Shi Ling , Zhang Meiling
Published: December 2021

Background:

Shikonin (SKN), a naturally occurring naphthoquinone, is a major active
chemical component isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb Zucc, Arnebia euchroma
(Royle) Johnst, or Arnebia guttata Bunge, and commonly used to treat viral infection, inflammation,
and cancer. However, its underlying mechanism has not been elucidated.

Objective:

This study aims to explore the antitumor mechanism of SKN in colorectal cancer (CRC)
through network pharmacology and cell experiments.

Methods:

SymMap database and Genecards were used to predict the potential targets of SKN and
CRC, while the cotargets were obtained by Venn diagram. The cotargets were imported into the
website of String and DAVID, constructing the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, performing
Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment
analyses, the Compound-Target-Pathway (C-T-P) network was generated by connecting potential
pathways with the corresponding targets.

Results:

According to the results of network pharmacological analysis, the cell experiments were
used to verify the key signal pathway. The most relevant target of SKN for the treatment of CRC
was PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. SKN inhibited CRC cells (HT29 and HCT116) proliferation, migration,
and invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis by targeting IL6 and inhibiting the
IL6R/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. SKN promotes apoptosis and suppresses CRC cells’ (HT29
and HCT116) activity through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

Conclusion:

This research not only provided a theoretical and experimental basis for more in-
-depth studies but also offered an efficient method for the rational utilization of a series of Traditional
Chinese medicines as anti-CRC drugs.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of the Pyridine-hexacyclic-steroid Derivative
on a Heart Failure Model
Authors: Lauro Figueroa-Valverde , Maria López-Ramos , Francisco Díaz-Cedillo , Marcela Rosas-Nexticapa , Virginia Mateu-Armad Maria , Magdalena Alvarez-Ramirez , Tomas Lopez-Gutierrez , Idalia Arakachi-Cruz
Published: December 2021

Background:

Several drugs with inotropic activity have been synthesized; however,
there is very little information on biological activity exerted by steroid derivatives in the cardiovascular
system.

Objective:

The aim of this research was to prepare a steroid-pyridine derivative to evaluate the effect
it exerts on left ventricular pressure and characterize its molecular interaction.

Methods:

The first stage was carried out through the synthesis of a steroid-pyridine derivative using
some chemical strategies. The second stage involved the evaluation of the biological activity of
the steroid-pyridine derivative on left ventricular pressure using a model of heart failure in the
absence or presence of the drugs, such as flutamide, tamoxifen, prazosin, metoprolol, indomethacin,
and nifedipine.

Results:

The results showed that steroid-pyridine derivative increased left ventricular pressure in a
dose-dependent manner (0.001-100 nM); however, this phenomenon was significantly inhibited only
by nifedipine at a dose of 1 nM. These results indicate that positive inotropic activity produced
by the steroid-pyridine derivative was via calcium channel activation. Furthermore, the biological
activity exerted by the steroid-pyridine derivative on the left ventricle produces changes in cAMP
concentration.

Conclusion:

It is noteworthy that positive inotropic activity produced by this steroid-pyridine derivative
involves a different molecular mechanism compared to other positive inotropic drugs. Therefore,
this steroid could be a good candidate for the treatment of heart failure.
Effect of Methadone Maintenance on Expression of BDNF and CREB Genes in Brain VTA of Male Morphine Treated Rats
Authors: Rezai Marzieh , Hajizadeh Mohammad Reza , Mahmoodi Mehdi , Torabizadeh Seyedeh Atekeh , Karimabad Mojgan Noroozi
Published: December 2021

Background:

Morphine independent reduces the expression level of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Cyclic-AMP Response Element Binding protein (CREB). BDNF and CREB play a vital role in protecting and regulating the proper functioning of neurons. There has not been any study on the effect of methadone maintenance treatment and its comparison with morphine. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effect of methadone maintenance on the expression of BDNF and CREB genes in brain VTA of male morphine treated rats

Methods:

I Morphine independent reduces the expression level of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Cyclic-AMP Response Element Binding protein (CREB). BDNF and CREB play a vital role in protecting and regulating the proper functioning of neurons. There has not been any study on the effect of methadone maintenance treatment and its comparison with morphine. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effect of methadone maintenance on the expression of BDNF and CREB genes in brain VTA of male morphine treated rats

Results:

According to the findings of this study, similar to morphine treated group, methadone maintenance in morphine treated animals led to significant reduction in the expression of BDNF and CREB genes at VTA as well as BDNF serum level compared with control group.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that methadone, like morphine, causes significant reduction in the expression of BDNF and CREB genes in brain VTA area of rat as well as BDNF serum level compared with control group.
Evaluation Effects of Quercetin on Streptozotocin-treated RINm5F
Pancreatic β-cells in vitro
Authors: Mazraesefidi Maryam , Sadeghipour Maryam Mohammad , Khorramdelazad Hossein , Mahmoodi Mahdi , Khoshdel Alireza , Fahmidehkar Mohammadali , Hosseiniara Reza , Hajizadeh Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2021

Background and objectives:

Quercetin is a naturally occurring phenolic compound abundantly present in plants as a secondary metabolite. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of quercetin on improving RINm5F β-insulinemia cell viability, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), and cell insulin content in the presence or absence of streptozotocin (STZ).

Methods:

This experimental study was conducted on RINm5F β-insulinemia cell line. The cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. The necrosis was confirmed by flowcytometry and insulin ELISA kit was used to measure the GSIS level and cell insulin content. It should be noted that for testing of cells by 50μM of quercetin, simultaneous treatment and pre-treatment of quercetin were performed in the presence of STZ (20mM).

Results:

The quercetin was able to improve the viability of RINm5F cells in the presence of STZ and to increase the GSIS level and cell insulin content under STZ and glucotoxic conditions

Conclusion:

The quercetin seems to have beneficial effects on β-cells, especially the synthesis and secretion of insulin. In addition to the therapeutic effect, given the low toxicity of this flavonoid and the results of this study, the quercetin as a preventive agent may play an important role in maintaining the health of β-cells in people at risk of diabetes.
Detection of Oncometabolite Nicotine Imine in the Nail of Oral Cancer Patients; Predicted as an Inhibitor of DNMT1
Authors: Dutta Anwesha Deep , Kumar Ajay , Lokhande Kiran Bharat , Mitruka Manmohan , Swamy K. Venkateswara , Pal Jayanta K. , Sarode Sachin C. , Sharma Nilesh Kumar
Published: December 2021

Background:

Nicotine-metabolized product nicotine imine is suggested to play a role in metabolic changes in oral cancer. There is a significant gap in the detection of oncometabolite nicotine imine in biological fluids and nails of oral cancer patients. Oncometabolites are designated as metabolites those are usually elevated in cancer cells over normal cells. Interestingly, a direct or indirect link is missing that establishes a role of nicotine imine in pro-cancer cellular events including global DNA hypomethylation, a potential metabolic-epigenetic axis in oral cancer.

Methods:

A novel vertical tube gel electrophoresis (VTGE) system assisted purification and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) based identification of nicotine imine in the nails of oral cancer patients. Further, nicotine imine was evaluated for its molecular interactions with various methyltransferases including DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) by molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

Results:

Data suggested the presence of nicotine imine in the nails of oral cancer patients. Molecular docking and MD simulations revealed a specific binding affinity by nicotine imine with DNMT1. Binding by nicotine imine is within the CXCC regulatory domain of DNMT1 including key residues as ARG690, PRO574, VAL658, PRO692 and ALA695. Similar binding residues are displayed by DNMT1 inhibitor 5'-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine.

Conclusion :

Nicotine imine is suggested as a predictive biomarker for oral cancer patients in nails and this finding is a first report. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation propose the role of nicotine imine as an inhibitor of DNMT1. This work supports the involvement of synergistic pro-tumor metabolic-epigenomic axis by nicotine imine that may contribute towards potential mutagenesis of normal squamous epithelium.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Promising Tool for the Human Virus Detection
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Asif Muhammad Ibrar , Khatoon Amina , Arshad Shafia , Usman Shagufta , Karim Iqra
Published: December 2021

Molecular imprinting is an attractive research area for synthesizing unique functional polymers with high selectivity due to template oriented active sites. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have a wide range of applications in chemical and biological sensing, drug delivery, and solidphase extraction owing to mechanical stability, reversibility, reproducibility, and cross-validity. MIPs are compatible with natural antibodies and are being used as antibody mimics/receptors in the biomedical field. Today, viral detection is the most popular research area due to emerging viral diseases with genetic variability and drug resistance. Therefore, there is a need to control viral infections by discriminative recognition of the viral pathogens. This review summarizes the literature on the detection of human viruses by using MIPs.
Carbon Based Electrode Materials and their Architectures for Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Samejo Bakhtiar , Gul Shagufta , Samejo Suraya , Abro Naveed Qasim , Memon Najma
Published: December 2021

The effective desalination and purification devices for seawater/ brackish water treatment are crucial in sustainable progress. Techniques that render high salt removal efficiency and water purification ability at low applied potentials play a central role in sustainable water supplies. One of them is capacitive deionization (CDI) which has drawn significant consideration as a promising deionization technology since the last decade. Desalination efficiency profoundly depends on the utilized electrode material. The most widely used CDI electrodes are carbons due to their cost effectiveness and good stability. However, to acquire high electrosorption capacity, extensive researches are reported with modified carbon materials. CDI cell architectures are equally important for practical high salt removal performance. This review focuses on carbon materials in CDI along with other emerging trends in diverse carbon types, e.g., carbon nanotubes and their composites. Various architectures reported in the literature to improve desalination efficiency are also included here.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel Oxide Nanostructures for Electrochemical Analysis of Methotrexate
Authors: Lakho Saeed Ahmed , Ahmed Mansoor , Akhtar Muhammad Waseem , Lal Madan , Mughal Ubed-Ur-Rahman , Aftab Umair , Ibupoto Zafar Hussain , Naz Saba
Published: December 2021

Metal oxide nanoparticles have found numerous applications in different fields. In this paper, the preparation of nickel oxide nanostructures is given. The nanostructures were synthesized by using the hydrothermal method. The characterization was done with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The newly synthesized nanostructures were utilized as a modifier of the working electrode, i.e., glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The modified GCE exhibited an excellent response towards methotrexate (MTX) anticancer drug. The modified GCE, as compared to bare GCE, showed an increased response towards MTX. In this study, BrittonRobinson buffer (BRB) was selected as a supporting electrolyte having pH 5. By using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the method was found linear in the range of 5-40 µM with a limit of detection and quantification values of 2.4 µM and 7.28 µM, respectively. The method developed by this way was successfully applied for the analysis of MTX from injection formulations. The interference studies were also carried out to check the method's selectivity.
Statistical Analysis of SO2 and NO2 with Respect to Meteorological Parameters (Gwalior, India)
Authors: Bhat Mehraj ud din , Pandey Anish C
Published: December 2021

The present study is carried out in Gwalior to know the level of pollutants viz sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). In this study, both NO2 and SO2 were collected during different seasons, and estimation was done using chemical methods. The methods used for the determination of SO2 and NO2 in the ambient air of Gwalior was (Modified West and Geake method) and (Modified Jacob and Hochheisier). The SO2 from the air stream was absorbed in a sodium tetramer curate solution. NO2 was collected by bubbling air through a sodium hydroxide solution to form a stable solution of sodium nitrate. Meteorological parameters like temperature, relative humidity were recorded by thermometers and hygrometry during the sampling. Rainfall data was taken from Indian Meteorological Department, New Delhi, for four sampling years. The statistical analysis was carried out between the level of pollutants SO2 and NO2 measured and meteorological parameters recorded during the sampling. This study observed that pollutants were very high in winter and summer compared to monsoon and post-monsoon periods due to the heavy transport movement and favourable meteorological conditions like temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed and directions.
Quality Assessment on the Oxidative Stability of Almond Kernels during Extensive Storage Time
Authors: Sidhu Ahmed Raza , Naz saba , Mahesar Sarfaraz Ahmed , Khaskheli Abdul Rauf
Published: December 2021

The objective of our study is to monitor the oxidative stability of different cultivars of almonds (Australian, American and Iranian) kernels/oil during the 12th month of storage at room temperature. Several physicochemical parameters free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), panisidine value (p-AV), total oxidation value (TOTOX), Fourier transforms infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) and Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to check the oxidative stability of almond kernel. According to the results, effects of room temperature in the early stages of oxidation, primary oxidation products remained stable, whereas secondary oxidation product levels continued to rise in the later stages. In general, FFA increased with increasing storage time, the range was observed (0.21-0.97 %), PV (1.31-16.23 meqO2/kg), p-AV (2.21-19.35), TOTOX (4.83-15.81), respectively. During storage at room temperature for up to 12th months, there was no significant shifting of the spectral band in the FT-IR study. The most bounteous fatty acid in the almond oil range was observed oleic acid C18:0 (71.01-79.56 %) followed by linoleic acid C18:2 (13.13–20.65 %), palmitic acid C16:0 (4.86-5.67 %), stearic acid C18:0 (1.20-3.81 %), and palmitoleic acid C16:1(0.21-0.47 %) in all three samples during storage. These results suggest that almond oil during the 12th month of storage keeps its good chemical properties.
Optimization and Characterization of Ultrasound-Assisted Pectin Extracted from Orange Waste
Authors: Hundie Ketema Beyecha
Published: December 2021

The concept of waste to valuable products is a hot topic with exploring ongoing worldwide to minimize food-based feedstocks. This work utilized a citric acid solution and an ultrasoundassisted to extract pectin from orange waste, a critical agroindustry byproduct. Artificial neural network and central composite design were utilized to assess the extraction of pectin using different levels of the extraction parameters and in turn to optimize the extraction process. The extraction of pectin from orange waste is found to be highly affected by pH solution and ultrasound power. The result of an artificial neural network was found to be better in terms of prediction capability and performance indexes. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analysis confirmed the existence of functional groups in the fingerprint region of orange waste pectin. Ash and crude protein content of orange wastes are found to be low; meaning low ash and protein content contributes to better gelling ability of the pectin. The extracted pectin has a higher degree of esterification. The result of the current work highlighted that orange wastes are a good source of pectin. In addition, the extracted pectin from orange wastes can be used as a food additive as it fulfills all the standard requirements pectin for application.
Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Heavy Metals by Using Chemical Indices Approach in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Rahman Aziz Ur , Abbasi Haq Nawaz , Owais Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Freshwater consumption has been increased because of population growth and economic development. At the same time, depletion and contamination of groundwater is subject of great concern. Karachi is the industrial hub and serves as the economic backbone of Pakistan. The research aims to investigate the heavy metal pollution in the groundwater of Korangi Industrial Area, one of the largest industrial estates in Karachi. Eighteen representative locations were selected to collect groundwater samples and study the concentrations of heavy metals Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb. Pollution load index, Nemerow's pollution index, and geo accumulation index approaches were used to interpret the basic data. The average concentrations of the measured heavy metals were 354.67 µg.L-1 , 694.33 µg.L-1 , 39.2 µg.L-1 , 12.89 µg.L-1 , 9.5 µg.L-1 , and 6.17 µg.L-1 for Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Ni, respectively. The results showed that groundwater quality in the study area is poor and mainly contaminated by Pb and Fe.
The quality of professional civil servants in the Vietnamese home affairs sector
Authors: Trung Ngo Sy
Published: December 2021

In each country, civil servants are identified as the labor force exercising the state power to manage social development, so their quality is often clearly defined with general requirements in line with the characteristics of the civil service and the specific ones of each industry. In Vietnam, the quality standards for civil servants are clearly defined in the Law on Cadres and Civil Servants in 2008, with general provisions applicable to all of them in the state apparatus. Based on this Law, all industries have their regulations on the quality of civil servants by their characteristics. In this study, we focus on analyzing the quality of professional civil servants in the Home Affairs sector according to its standards based on issued legal regulations, including Political quality, Professional qualifications, Working capacity, and Work results. In this study, a qualitative method is employed to collect secondary documents combined with a quantitative one to conduct a direct survey of 500 managers from the Departments of Home Affairs in 12 provinces representing three provinces of Vietnam.
Identifikasi Kualitas Benih Kacang Tanah (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Varietas Lokal Tuban Menggunakan Uji Tetrazolium dan Uji Daya Berkecambah
Authors:   Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Sinaga Ayu Oshin Yap , Lindayanti Mimi ,   Laboratorium Balai Pengawasan dan Sertifikasi Benih Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Provinsi Lampung, Marpaung David Septian Sumanto ,   Institut Teknologi Sumatera
Published: December 2021

Kacang tanah (Arachis hypogea L.) merupakan komoditas kacang-kacangan utama di Indonesia karena memiliki sumber protein nabati dan nilai gizi yang tinggi. Salah satu faktor yang menghambat upaya peningkatan produksi kacang tanah yaitu minimnya benih yang bermutu tinggi yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh lama penyimpanan benih. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi rendahnya mutu suatu benih yaitu melakukan pengujian dini mutu benih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui viabilitas benih kacang tanah varietas tuban dengan menggunakan uji tetrazolium dan daya berkecambah pada penyimpanan benih yang lama. Pengujian ini dilakukan dengan 2 metode yaitu uji tetrazolium dan uji daya berkecambah. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dengan 4 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan viabilitas benih kacang tanah yang disimpan selama 1 tahun, dari 86% turun mencapai 34%, dengan kondisi kadar air meningkat dari 6.8% menjadi 7.4%. Selain itu, hasil uji daya berkecambah benih kacang tanah ditemukan sebanyak 34% normal, 45% kecambah abnormal dan 21% kecambah mati. Berdasarkan uji tetrazolium, ditemukan bahwa benih yang viabel sebesar 79% dan benih non viabel sebesar 21%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa perlu adanya upaya peningkatan viabilitas dan daya berkecambah benih kacang tanah varietas tuban. Identifikasi awal kualitas benih merupakan hal yang penting bagi para pelaku usaha tani agar terhindar dari kegagalan panen.
Teknologi Produksi Tanaman Koro Pedang [Canavalia ensiformis (L.)]
Authors:   Balai Penelitian Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi, Soedarjo Muchdar
Published: December 2021

Koro pedang [Canavalia ensiformis (L.)] merupakan salah satu tanaman aneka kacang yang potensial dikembangkan sebagai komoditas agribisnis. Selain kandungan gizinya yang cukup tinggi, harga biji koro pedang cukup mahal dan juga sebagai komoditas ekspor. Untuk meningkatkan nilai sebagai komoditas agribisnis, maka produktivitas per satuan luas juga harus cukup tinggi. Sampai saat ini petani menggunakan benih dari tanaman koro pedang yang umum ditanam petani. Sehingga, teknologi budidaya berperan strategis untuk meningkatkan produktivitas. Dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas teknologi produksi berdasarkan pengalaman petani dan hasil penelitian terkini. Komponen teknologi budidaya yang akan dibahas meliputi penggunaan benih, pengolahan tanah, jarak tanam, pemupukan, pencegahan hama dan penyakit, penyiangan gulma dan pemangkasan, panen dan prosesing.
Ecuaciones de calidad de sitio para Abies religiosa en diferentes regiones de México
Authors: Guzmán-Santiago Juan Carlos , Aguirre-Calderón Oscar Alberto , Vargas-Larreta Benedicto , Gómez-Cárdenas Martín , De los Santos-Posadas Héctor Manuel , Quiñonez-Barraza Gerónimo , Marroquín-Morales Pablo
Published: December 2021

Las estimaciones de altura dominante o índice de sitio permiten evaluar la productividad del rodal del bosque y funcionan como una herramienta dentro del plan del manejo forestal para fines de aprovechamiento. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar curvas dinámicas de índice de sitio con el enfoque de diferencia algebraica generalizada (EDAG) en 12 Unidades de Manejo Forestal para Abies religiosa en diferentes regiones de México. Se utilizaron 262 muestras de análisis troncales que provienen de árboles dominantes y codominantes, mismas que se ajustaron con el modelo de Richards mediante el enfoque EDAG por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios. Con este enfoque pueden ser expandidos los parámetros de tasas de crecimiento y asíntotas, permitiendo que más de un parámetro del modelo dependa de la calidad de sitio, haciendo más flexibles las curvas polimórficas con múltiples asíntotas. Así mismo, se corrigió la autocorrelación mediante la prueba estadística de Durbin Watson (DW). En general, para todos los sitios se obtuvieron ganancias significativas, al obtener errores menores a 1.2 m y coeficientes de determinación ajustados que explican más de 97 % de la varianza total de crecimiento en altura en función de la edad, así como valores de DW aproximados a 2 en el que rectifica los valores proporcionados por los criterios de información Akaike; lo cual es deseable para modelar datos con tendencia de crecimiento sin afectar las predicciones de índice de sitio. Las ecuaciones se recomiendan para elaborar estudios de planes de manejo de esta especie en distintos sitios para clasificar la productividad maderable.
Virtual Endocrinology Care Emphasizing Data-Driven Insights and Continuous Engagement and Its Impact on Glycemic Outcomes in Patients With Uncontrolled Diabetes: A Real-world Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Wu Calvin C , Wu Karin C , José Aimée S , Novin Niloufar
Published: December 2021

Background

Steady Health’s novel virtual care model incorporates continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and a multidisciplinary approach to timely person-centered diabetes care.

Objective

This real-world retrospective case series explores the early glycemic outcomes of its patients with uncontrolled diabetes.

Methods

All patients of Steady Health who had an initial time in range (TIR) below 70% from their first 4 weeks of available CGM data and who had completed onboarding by February 2021 were included in this analysis. We compared the change in TIR, time below range, and average blood glucose from their first 4 weeks with their latest 4 weeks of available CGM data. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values at baseline and at the end of the study were also compared. Patients completed a questionnaire assessing their satisfaction with Steady Health’s intervention.

Results

A total of 53 patients (n=35, 66% with type 1 diabetes; n=44, 83% treated with insulin) were included in this analysis. This cohort had a median baseline TIR of 53.0% (IQR 40.9%, 61.7%) and saw a median change in TIR of +16.6% (IQR +6.0%, +27.9%; P<.001) over a median duration of care of 11 months, amounting to nearly 4 more hours spent between 70 to 180 mg/dL a day. Of the 27 patients who had both baseline and follow-up HbA1c results, their median baseline HbA1c was 8.6% (IQR 7.5%, 11.4%; 70 mmol/mol), while their median change in HbA1c was –1.2% (IQR –2.6%, –0.2%; P=.001). Importantly, these glycemic improvements were achieved with a median decrease in the time below range by –0.3% (IQR –1.1%, 0.0%; P<.001), regardless of whether patients were started on an automated insulin delivery system. A total of 40 (75.5%) patients improved TIR by ≥5%, and 27 (50.9%) achieved TIR≥70% by the end of the study. Glycemic improvements were greatest among patients with the lowest baseline TIR and those who collaborated most intensively with Steady Health’s clinicians. A total of 25 of these patients responded to a questionnaire assessing levels of satisfaction with their care, and all of them agreed that Steady Health had a positive impact on their diabetes management.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that patients with uncontrolled diabetes can achieve significant glycemic improvements by working with a virtual multidisciplinary care team that uses CGM to provide continuous clinical feedback and support.
Health Care Analytics With Time-Invariant and Time-Variant Feature Importance to Predict Hospital-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury: Observational Longitudinal Study
Authors: Chua Horng-Ruey , Zheng Kaiping , Vathsala Anantharaman , Ngiam Kee-Yuan , Yap Hui-Kim , Lu Liangjian , Tiong Ho-Yee , Mukhopadhyay Amartya , MacLaren Graeme , Lim Shir-Lynn , Akalya K , Ooi Beng-Chin
Published: December 2021

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) develops in 4% of hospitalized patients and is a marker of clinical deterioration and nephrotoxicity. AKI onset is highly variable in hospitals, which makes it difficult to time biomarker assessment in all patients for preemptive care.

Objective

The study sought to apply machine learning techniques to electronic health records and predict hospital-acquired AKI by a 48-hour lead time, with the aim to create an AKI surveillance algorithm that is deployable in real time.

Methods

The data were sourced from 20,732 case admissions in 16,288 patients over 1 year in our institution. We enhanced the bidirectional recurrent neural network model with a novel time-invariant and time-variant aggregated module to capture important clinical features temporal to AKI in every patient. Time-series features included laboratory parameters that preceded a 48-hour prediction window before AKI onset; the latter’s corresponding reference was the final in-hospital serum creatinine performed in case admissions without AKI episodes.

Results

The cohort was of mean age 53 (SD 25) years, of whom 29%, 12%, 12%, and 53% had diabetes, ischemic heart disease, cancers, and baseline eGFR <90 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. There were 911 AKI episodes in 869 patients. We derived and validated an algorithm in the testing dataset with an AUROC of 0.81 (0.78-0.85) for predicting AKI. At a 15% prediction threshold, our model generated 699 AKI alerts with 2 false positives for every true AKI and predicted 26% of AKIs. A lowered 5% prediction threshold improved the recall to 60% but generated 3746 AKI alerts with 6 false positives for every true AKI. Representative interpretation results produced by our model alluded to the top-ranked features that predicted AKI that could be categorized in association with sepsis, acute coronary syndrome, nephrotoxicity, or multiorgan injury, specific to every case at risk.

Conclusions

We generated an accurate algorithm from electronic health records through machine learning that predicted AKI by a lead time of at least 48 hours. The prediction threshold could be adjusted during deployment to optimize recall and minimize alert fatigue, while its precision could potentially be augmented by targeted AKI biomarker assessment in the high-risk cohort identified.
Development of a Supportive Parenting App to Improve Parent and Infant Outcomes in the Perinatal Period: Development Study (Preprint)
Authors: Shorey Shefaly , Tan Thiam Chye , Thilagamangai   , Mathews Jancy , Yu Chun Yan , Lim Siew Hoon , Shi Luming , Ng Esperanza Debby , Chan Yiong Huak , Law Evelyn , Chee Cornelia , Chong Yap Seng
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

The transition to parenthood can be challenging, and parents are vulnerable to psychological disorders during the perinatal period. This may have adverse long-term consequences on a child’s development. Given the rise in technology and parents’ preferences for mobile health apps, a supportive mobile health intervention is optimal. However, there is a lack of a theoretical framework and technology-based perinatal educational intervention for couples with healthy infants.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to describe the Supportive Parenting App (SPA) development procedure and highlight the challenges and lessons learned.

METHODS

The SPA development procedure was guided by the information systems research framework, which emphasizes a nonlinear, iterative, and user-centered process involving 3 research cycles—the relevance cycle, design cycle, and rigor cycle. Treatment fidelity was ensured, and team cohesiveness was maintained using strategies from the Tuckman model of team development.

RESULTS

In the relevance cycle, end-user requirements were identified through focus groups and interviews. In the rigor cycle, the user engagement pyramid and well-established theories (social cognitive theory proposed by Bandura and attachment theory proposed by Bowlby) were used to inform and justify the features of the artifact. In the design cycle, the admin portal was developed using Microsoft Visual Studio 2017, whereas the SPA, which ran on both iOS and Android, was developed using hybrid development tools. The SPA featured knowledge-based content, informational videos and audio clips, a discussion forum, chat groups, and a frequently asked questions and expert advice section. The intervention underwent iterative testing by a small group of new parents and research team members. Qualitative feedback was obtained for further app enhancements before official implementation. Testing revealed user and technological issues, such as web browser and app incompatibility, a lack of notifications for both administrators and users, and limited search engine capability.

CONCLUSIONS

The information systems research framework documented the technical details of the SPA but did not take into consideration the interpersonal and real-life challenges. Ineffective communication between the health care research team and the app developers, limited resources, and the COVID-19 pandemic were the main challenges faced during content development. Quick adaptability, team cohesion, and hindsight budgeting are crucial for intervention development. Although the effectiveness of the SPA in improving parental and infant outcomes is currently unknown, this detailed intervention development study highlights the key aspects that need to be considered for future app development.
Centering Lived Experience in Developing Digital Interventions for Suicide and Self-injurious Behaviors: User-Centered Design Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Kruzan Kaylee Payne , Meyerhoff Jonah , Biernesser Candice , Goldstein Tina , Reddy Madhu , Mohr David C
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB) signals a growing public health crisis. Despite a recognized need for improved and scalable interventions, the field of SITB intervention faces several challenges: existing interventions are often time and resource intensive, most individuals with SITB do not seek formal mental health care, and efficacious treatments are characterized by small effects. Combined, these challenges indicate a need for improved SITB interventions for individuals in formal treatment and those who are not treatment engaged but are at high risk of worsening mental health and future suicide attempts.

OBJECTIVE

We present a methodological approach and set of techniques that may address these challenges by centering the lived experience of individuals with SITB in the process of developing needed services: user-centered design (UCD).

METHODS

We highlight the value of UCD in the context of digital interventions for SITB by describing the UCD approach and explicating how it can be leveraged to include lived experience throughout the development and evaluation process. We provide a detailed case example highlighting 3 phases of the early development process that can be used to design an intervention that is engaging and meets end-user needs. In addition, we point to novel applications of UCD to complement new directions in SITB research.

RESULTS

In this paper, we offer a 2-pronged approach to meet these challenges. First, in terms of addressing access to effective interventions, digital interventions hold promise to extend the reach of evidence-based treatments outside of brick-and-mortar health care settings. Second, to address challenges related to treatment targets and engagement, we propose involving individuals with lived experience in the design and research process.

CONCLUSIONS

UCD offers a well-developed and systematic process to center the unique needs, preferences, and perceived barriers of individuals with lived SITB experience in the development and evaluation of digital interventions.