bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of (Nb, Mo)40Ti30Ni30 alloy membranes for combined enhancement of hydrogen permeability and embrittlement resistance
Authors: Li Xinzhong , Liang Xiao , Liu Dongmei , Chen Ruirun , Huang Feifei , Wang Rui , Rettenmayr Markus , Su Yanqing , Guo Jingjie , Fu Hengzhi
Published: March 2017

The effect of substitution of Nb by Mo in Nb40Ti30Ni30was investigated with respect to microstructural features and hydrogen dissolution, diffusion and permeation. As-cast Nb40−xMoxTi30Ni30(x = 0, 5, 10) alloys consist of primary bcc-Nb phase and binary eutectic (bcc-Nb + B2-TiNi). The substitution of Nb by Mo reduces the hydrogen solubility in alloys, but may increase (x = 5) or decrease (x = 10) the apparent hydrogen diffusivity and permeability. As-cast Nb35Mo5Ti30Ni30exhibits a combined enhancement of hydrogen permeability and embrittlement resistance as compared to Nb40Ti30Ni30. This work confirms that Mo is a desirable alloying element in Nb that can contribute to a reduction in hydrogen absorption and an increase in intrinsic hydrogen diffusion, thus improving embrittlement resistance with minimal permeability penalty.
The need for strengthening the influenza virus detection ability of hospital clinical laboratories: an investigation of the 2009 pandemic
Authors: Yang Shigui , Zhou Yuqing , Cui Yuanxia , Ding Cheng , Wu Jie , Deng Min , Wang Chencheng , Lu Xiaoqing , Chen Xiaoxiao , Li Yiping , Shi Dongyan , Mi Fenfang , Li Lanjuan
Published: March 2017

Most hospital clinical laboratories (HCLs) in China are unable to perform influenza virus detection. It remains unclear whether the influenza detection ability of HCLs influences the early identification and mortality rate of influenza. A total of 739 hospitalized patients with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus treated at 65 hospitals between May and December, 2009, in Zhejiang, China, were included based on identifications by HCLs and by public health laboratories (PHLs) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Of the patients, 407 (55.1%) were male, 17 died, resulting in an in-hospital mortality rate of 2.3%, and 297 patients were identified by HCLs and 442 by PHLs. The results indicated that a 24-hour delay in identification led to a 13% increase in the odds of death (OR = 1.13, P < 0.05). The time between onset and identification (3.9 days) of the HCL cohort was significantly shorter than that of the PHL cohort (4.8 days). The in-hospital mortality rate of the HCL group was significantly lower than that of the PHL group (1.0% vs. 3.2%, P < 0.05). HCL-based detection decreased the in-hospital mortality rate by 68.8%. HCL-based influenza virus detection facilitated early identification and reduced influenza mortality, and influenza detection ability of HCLs should be strengthened.
Genetic architecture of threshold reaction norms for male alternative reproductive tactics in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Authors: Lepais Olivier , Manicki Aurélie , Glise Stéphane , Buoro Mathieu , Bardonnet Agnès
Published: March 2017

Alternative mating tactics have important ecological and evolutionary implications and are determined by complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Here, we study the genetic effect and architecture of the variability in reproductive tactics among Atlantic salmon males which can either mature sexually early in life in freshwater or more commonly only after completing a migration at sea. We applied the latent environmental threshold model (LETM), which provides a conceptual framework linking individual status to a threshold controlling the decision to develop alternative traits, in an innovative experimental design using a semi-natural river which allowed for ecologically relevant phenotypic expression. Early male parr maturation rates varied greatly across families (10 to 93%) which translated into 90% [64–100%] of the phenotypic variation explained by genetic variation. Three significant QTLs were found for the maturation status, however only one collocated with a highly significant QTL explaining 20.6% of the variability of the maturation threshold located on chromosome 25 and encompassing a locus previously shown to be linked to sea age at maturity in anadromous Atlantic salmon. These results provide new empirical illustration of the relevance of the LETM for a better understanding of alternative mating tactics evolution in natural populations.
Noninvasive scoring system for significant inflammation related to chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Hong Mei-Zhu , Ye Linglong , Jin Li-Xin , Ren Yan-Dan , Yu Xiao-Fang , Liu Xiao-Bin , Zhang Ru-Mian , Fang Kuangnan , Pan Jin-Shui
Published: March 2017

Although a liver stiffness measurement-based model can precisely predict significant intrahepatic inflammation, transient elastography is not commonly available in a primary care center. Additionally, high body mass index and bilirubinemia have notable effects on the accuracy of transient elastography. The present study aimed to create a noninvasive scoring system for the prediction of intrahepatic inflammatory activity related to chronic hepatitis B, without the aid of transient elastography. A total of 396 patients with chronic hepatitis B were enrolled in the present study. Liver biopsies were performed, liver histology was scored using the Scheuer scoring system, and serum markers and liver function were investigated. Inflammatory activity scoring models were constructed for both hepatitis B envelope antigen (+) and hepatitis B envelope antigen (−) patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the curve were 86.00%, 84.80%, 62.32%, 95.39%, and 0.9219, respectively, in the hepatitis B envelope antigen (+) group and 91.89%, 89.86%, 70.83%, 97.64%, and 0.9691, respectively, in the hepatitis B envelope antigen (−) group. Significant inflammation related to chronic hepatitis B can be predicted with satisfactory accuracy by using our logistic regression-based scoring system.
Electro-echocardiographic Indices to Predict Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Non-response on Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yu Ziqing , Chen Xueying , Han Fei , Qin Shengmei , Li Minghui , Wu Yuan , Su Yangang , Ge Junbo
Published: March 2017

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) threw lights on heart failure treatment, however, parts of patients showed nonresponse to CRT. Unfortunately, it lacks effective parameters to predict CRT non-response. In present study, we try to seek effective electro-echocardiographic predictors on CRT non-response. This is a retrospective study to review a total of 227 patients of dyssynchronous heart failure underwent CRT implantation. Logistic analysis was performed between CRT responders and CRT non-responders. The primary outcome was the occurrence of improved left ventricular ejection fraction 1 year after CRT implantation. We concluded that LVEDV > 255 mL (OR = 2.236; 95% CI, 1.016–4.923) rather than LVESV > 160 mL (OR = 1.18; 95% CI, 0.544–2.56) and TpTe/QTc > 0.203 (OR = 5.206; 95% CI, 1.89–14.34) significantly predicted CRT non-response. Oppositely, S wave > 5.7 cm/s (OR = 0.242; 95% CI, 0.089–0.657), E/A > 1 (OR = 0.211; 95% CI, 0.079–0.566), E’/A’ > 1 (OR = 0.054; 95% CI, 0.017–0.172), CLBBB (OR = 0.141; 95% CI, 0.048–0.409), and QRS duration >160 ms (OR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.305–0.922) surprisingly predicted low-probability of CRT non-response.
Potent pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic molecules, osteopontin and galectin-3, are not major disease modulators of laminin α2 chain-deficient muscular dystrophy
Authors: Gawlik Kinga I. , Holmberg Johan , Svensson Martina , Einerborg Mikaela , Oliveira Bernardo M. S. , Deierborg Tomas , Durbeej Madeleine
Published: March 2017

A large number of human diseases are caused by chronic tissue injury with fibrosis potentially leading to organ failure. There is a need for more effective anti-fibrotic therapies. Congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A) is a devastating form of muscular dystrophy caused by laminin α2 chain-deficiency. It is characterized with early inflammation and build-up of fibrotic lesions, both in patients and MDC1A mouse models (e.g.dy3K/dy3K). Despite the enormous impact of inflammation on tissue remodelling in disease, the inflammatory response in MDC1A has been poorly described. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of secondary mechanisms (impaired regeneration, enhanced fibrosis) leading to deterioration of muscle phenotype in MDC1A is missing. We have monitored inflammatory processes indy3K/dy3Kmuscle and created mice deficient in laminin α2 chain and osteopontin or galectin-3, two pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic molecules drastically increased in dystrophic muscle. Surprisingly, deletion of osteopontin worsened the phenotype ofdy3K/dy3Kmice and loss of galectin-3 did not reduce muscle pathology. Our results indicate that osteopontin could even be a beneficial immunomodulator in MDC1A. This knowledge is essential for the design of future therapeutic interventions for muscular dystrophies that aim at targeting inflammation, especially that osteopontin inhibition has been suggested for Duchenne muscular dystrophy therapy.
One-step fabrication of porous GaN crystal membrane and its application in energy storage
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Shouzhi , Shao Yongliang , Wu Yongzhong , Sun Changlong , Huo Qin , Zhang Baoguo , Hu Haixiao , Hao Xiaopeng
Published: March 2017

Single-crystal gallium nitride (GaN) membranes have great potential for a variety of applications. However, fabrication of single-crystalline GaN membranes remains a challenge owing to its chemical inertness and mechanical hardness. This study prepares large-area, free-standing, and single-crystalline porous GaN membranes using a one-step high-temperature annealing technique for the first time. A promising separation model is proposed through a comprehensive study that combines thermodynamic theories analysis and experiments. Porous GaN crystal membrane is processed into supercapacitors, which exhibit stable cycling life, high-rate capability, and ultrahigh power density, to complete proof-of-concept demonstration of new energy storage application. Our results contribute to the study of GaN crystal membranes into a new stage related to the elelctrochemical energy storage application.
Dean Flow Dynamics in Low-Aspect Ratio Spiral Microchannels
Authors: Nivedita Nivedita , Ligrani Phillip , Papautsky Ian
Published: March 2017

A wide range of microfluidic cell-sorting devices has emerged in recent years, based on both passive and active methods of separation. Curvilinear channel geometries are often used in these systems due to presence of secondary flows, which can provide high throughput and sorting efficiency. Most of these devices are designed on the assumption of two counter rotating Dean vortices present in the curved rectangular channels and existing in the state of steady rotation and amplitude. In this work, we investigate these secondary flows in low aspect ratio spiral rectangular microchannels and define their development with respect to the channel aspect ratio and Dean number. This work is the first to experimentally and numerically investigate Dean flows in microchannels for Re > 100, and show presence of secondary Dean vortices beyond a critical Dean number. We further demonstrate the impact of these multiple vortices on particle and cell focusing. Ultimately, this work offers new insights into secondary flow instabilities for low-aspect ratio, spiral microchannels, with improved flow models for design of more precise and efficient microfluidic devices for applications such as cell sorting and micromixing.
Impurity bound states in fully gapped d-wave superconductors with subdominant order parameters
Authors: Mashkoori Mahdi , Björnson Kristofer , Black-Schaffer Annica M.
Published: March 2017

Impurities in superconductors and their induced bound states are important both for engineering novel states such as Majorana zero-energy modes and for probing bulk properties of the superconducting state. The high-temperature cuprates offer a clear advantage in a much larger superconducting order parameter, but the nodal energy spectrum of a pure d-wave superconductor only allows virtual bound states. Fully gapped d-wave superconducting states have, however, been proposed in several cuprate systems thanks to subdominant order parameters producing d + is- or d + id′-wave superconducting states. Here we study both magnetic and potential impurities in these fully gapped d-wave superconductors. Using analytical T-matrix and complementary numerical tight-binding lattice calculations, we show that magnetic and potential impurities behave fundamentally different in d + is- and d + id′-wave superconductors. In a d + is-wave superconductor, there are no bound states for potential impurities, while a magnetic impurity produces one pair of bound states, with a zero-energy level crossing at a finite scattering strength. On the other hand, a d + id′-wave symmetry always gives rise to two pairs of bound states and only produce a reachable zero-energy level crossing if the normal state has a strong particle-hole asymmetry.
Kinetic 15N-isotope effects on algal growth
Authors: Andriukonis Eivydas , Gorokhova Elena
Published: March 2017

Stable isotope labeling is a standard technique for tracing material transfer in molecular, ecological and biogeochemical studies. The main assumption in this approach is that the enrichment with a heavy isotope has no effect on the organism metabolism and growth, which is not consistent with current theoretical and empirical knowledge on kinetic isotope effects. Here, we demonstrate profound changes in growth dynamics of the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata grown in 15N-enriched media. With increasing 15N concentration (0.37 to 50 at%), the lag phase increased, whereas maximal growth rate and total yield decreased; moreover, there was a negative relationship between the growth and the lag phase across the treatments. The latter suggests that a trade-off between growth rate and the ability to adapt to the high 15N environment may exist. Remarkably, the lag-phase response at 3.5 at% 15N was the shortest and deviated from the overall trend, thus providing partial support to the recently proposed Isotopic Resonance hypothesis, which predicts that certain isotopic composition is particularly favorable for living organisms. These findings confirm the occurrence of KIE in isotopically enriched algae and underline the importance of considering these effects when using stable isotope labeling in field and experimental studies.
Identification of the Beer Component Hordenine as Food-Derived Dopamine D2 Receptor Agonist by Virtual Screening a 3D Compound Database
Authors: Sommer Thomas , Hübner Harald , El Kerdawy Ahmed , Gmeiner Peter , Pischetsrieder Monika , Clark Timothy
Published: March 2017

The dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) is involved in food reward and compulsive food intake. The present study developed a virtual screening (VS) method to identify food components, which may modulate D2R signalling. In contrast to their common applications in drug discovery, VS methods are rarely applied for the discovery of bioactive food compounds. Here, databases were created that exclusively contain substances occurring in food and natural sources (about 13,000 different compounds in total) as the basis for combined pharmacophore searching, hit-list clustering and molecular docking into D2R homology models. From 17 compounds finally tested in radioligand assays to determine their binding affinities, seven were classified as hits (hit rate = 41%). Functional properties of the five most active compounds were further examined in β-arrestin recruitment and cAMP inhibition experiments. D2R-promoted G-protein activation was observed for hordenine, a constituent of barley and beer, with approximately identical ligand efficacy as dopamine (76%) and a Kivalue of 13 μM. Moreover, hordenine antagonised D2-mediated β-arrestin recruitment indicating functional selectivity. Application of our databases provides new perspectives for the discovery of bioactive food constituents using VS methods. Based on its presence in beer, we suggest that hordenine significantly contributes to mood-elevating effects of beer.
Reversible Humidity Sensitive Clothing for Personal Thermoregulation
Authors: Zhong Ying , Zhang Fenghua , Wang Meng , Gardner Calvin J. , Kim Gunwoo , Liu Yanju , Leng Jinsong , Jin Sungho , Chen Renkun
Published: March 2017

Two kinds of humidity-induced, bendable smart clothing have been designed to reversibly adapt their thermal insulation functionality. The first design mimics the pores in human skin, in which pre-cut flaps open to produce pores in Nafion sheets when humidity increases, as might occur during human sweating thus permitting air flow and reducing both the humidity level and the apparent temperature. Like the smart human sweating pores, the flaps can close automatically after the perspiration to keep the wearer warm. The second design involves thickness adjustable clothes by inserting the bent polymer sheets between two fabrics. As the humidity increases, the sheets become thinner, thus reducing the gap between the two fabrics to reduce the thermal insulation. The insulation layer can recover its original thickness upon humidity reduction to restore its warmth-preservation function. Such humidity sensitive smart polymer materials can be utilized to adjust personal comfort, and be effective in reducing energy consumption for building heating or cooling with numerous smart design.
MiR-34a-5p promotes multi-chemoresistance of osteosarcoma through down-regulation of the DLL1 gene
Authors: Pu Youguang , Zhao Fangfang , Wang Haiyan , Cai Shanbao
Published: March 2017

MiR-34a-5p has been implicated in the tumorigenesis and progression of several types of cancer. However, the role of miR-34a-5p in osteosarcoma (OS) remains largely unknown. This study was performed in two multi-chemosensitive (G-292 and MG63.2) and two resistant (SJSA-1 and MNNG/HOS) OS cell lines. MiR-34a-5p promotes OS multi-chemoresistance via its repression of the Delta-like ligand 1 (DLL1) gene, the ligand of the Notch pathway, and thus negatively correlates with OS chemoresistance. The siRNA-mediated repression of the DLL1 gene suppressed cell apoptosis and de-sensitized G-292 and MG63.2 cells, while overexpression of DLL1 sensitized SJSA-1 and MNNG/HOS cells to drug-induced cell death. In agreement with the changes in the drug-induced cell death, the activity of the ATF2/ATF3/ATF4 signaling pathway was significantly altered by a forced reversal of miR-34a-5p or DLL1 levels in OS cells. DLL1 is a target of miR-34a-5p and negatively regulates the multi-chemoresistance of OS. This study suggested that miR-34a-5p, DLL1 and the ATF2/ATF3/ATF4 signaling pathway-associated genes are the potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets for an effective chemotherapy of OS. Our results also provide novel insights into the effective chemotherapy for OS patients.
Human Endometrial Stromal Cells Are Highly Permissive To Productive Infection by Zika Virus
Authors: Pagani Isabel , Ghezzi Silvia , Ulisse Adele , Rubio Alicia , Turrini Filippo , Garavaglia Elisabetta , Candiani Massimo , Castilletti Concetta , Ippolito Giuseppe , Poli Guido , Broccoli Vania , Panina-Bordignon Paola , Vicenzi Elisa
Published: March 2017

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a recently re-emerged flavivirus transmitted to humans by mosquito bites but also from mother to fetus and by sexual intercourse. We here show that primary human endometrial stromal cells (HESC) are highly permissive to ZIKV infection and support its in vitro replication. ZIKV envelope expression was detected in the endoplasmic reticulum whereas double-stranded viral RNA colocalized with vimentin filaments to the perinuclear region. ZIKV productive infection also occurred in the human T-HESC cell line together with the induction of interferon-β (IFN-β) and of IFN-stimulated genes. Notably, in vitro decidualization of T-HESC with cyclic AMP and progesterone upregulated the cell surface expression of the ZIKV entry co-receptor AXL and boosted ZIKV replication by ca. 100-fold. Thus, endometrial stromal cells, particularly if decidualized, likely represent a crucial cell target of ZIKV reaching them, either via the uterine vasculature in the viremic phase of the infection or by sexual viral transmission, and a potential source of virus spreading to placental trophoblasts during pregnancy.
Auto-phosphorylation Represses Protein Kinase R Activity
Authors: Wang Die , de Weerd Nicole A. , Willard Belinda , Polekhina Galina , Williams Bryan R. G. , Sadler Anthony J.
Published: March 2017

The central role of protein kinases in controlling disease processes has spurred efforts to develop pharmaceutical regulators of their activity. A rational strategy to achieve this end is to determine intrinsic auto-regulatory processes, then selectively target these different states of kinases to repress their activation. Here we investigate auto-regulation of the innate immune effector protein kinase R, which phosphorylates the eukaryotic initiation factor 2α to inhibit global protein translation. We demonstrate that protein kinase R activity is controlled by auto-inhibition via an intra-molecular interaction. Part of this mechanism of control had previously been reported, but was then controverted. We account for the discrepancy and extend our understanding of the auto-inhibitory mechanism by identifying that auto-inhibition is paradoxically instigated by incipient auto-phosphorylation. Phosphor-residues at the amino-terminus instigate an intra-molecular interaction that enlists both of the N-terminal RNA-binding motifs of the protein with separate surfaces of the C-terminal kinase domain, to co-operatively inhibit kinase activation. These findings identify an innovative mechanism to control kinase activity, providing insight for strategies to better regulate kinase activity.
Measurement and Visualization of Tight Rock Exposed to CO2 Using NMR Relaxometry and MRI
Authors: Wang Haitao , Lun Zengmin , Lv Chengyuan , Lang Dongjiang , Ji Bingyu , Luo Ming , Pan Weiyi , Wang Rui , Gong Kai
Published: March 2017

Understanding mechanisms of oil mobilization of tight matrix during CO2 injection is crucial for CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and sequestration engineering design. In this study exposure behavior between CO2 and tight rock of the Ordos Basin has been studied experimentally by using nuclear magnetic resonance transverse relaxation time (NMR T2) spectrum and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) under the reservoir pressure and temperature. Quantitative analysis of recovery at the pore scale and visualization of oil mobilization are achieved. Effects of CO2 injection, exposure times and pressure on recovery performance have been investigated. The experimental results indicate that oil in all pores can be gradually mobilized to the surface of rock by CO2 injection. Oil mobilization in tight rock is time-consuming while oil on the surface of tight rock can be mobilized easily. CO2 injection can effectively mobilize oil in all pores of tight rock, especially big size pores. This understanding of process of matrix exposed to CO2 could support the CO2 EOR in tight reservoirs.
Assessing the Spatiotemporal Variation and Impact Factors of Net Primary Productivity in China
Authors: Wang Xue , Tan Kun , Chen Baozhang , Du Peijun
Published: March 2017

In this study, the net primary productivity (NPP) in China from 2001 to 2012 was estimated based on the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and meteorological datasets, and the accuracy was verified by a ChinaFLUX dataset. It was found that the spatiotemporal variations in NPP present a downward trend with the increase of latitude and longitude. Moreover, the influence of climate change on the evolution of NPP shows that NPP has had different impact factors in different regions and periods over the 12 years. The eastern region has shown the largest increase in gross regional product (GRP) and a significant fluctuation in NPP over the 12 years. Meanwhile, NPP in the eastern and central regions is significantly positively correlated with annual solar radiation, while NPP in these two regions is significantly negatively correlated with the growth rate of GRP. It is concluded that both the development of the economy and climate change have influenced NPP evolution in China. In addition, NPP has shown a steadily rising trend over the 12 years as a result of the great importance attributed to ecological issues when developing the economy.
Gas-phase chemiluminescence of reactive negative ions evolved through corona discharge in air and O2 atmospheres
Authors: Zhang Dingkun , Zheng Yongzan , Dou Xiangnan , Shah Syed Niaz Ali , Lin Jin-Ming
Published: March 2017

The reactive performance of negative ions evolved in air and O2 atmospheres through a gas-phase chemiluminescence method was investigated.
A combined therapy of rtPA-loaded thermoresponsive gels and ultrasound on hematoma in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Sun Wei , Qian Zhongxin , Zhao Mingzhu , Shen Ming , Duan Yourong , Liu Weidong
Published: March 2017

To develop and validate an effective method for the removal of residual intracerebral hematoma, we prepared a recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA)-loaded Pluronic F127 (NP-rtPA) delivery system to evaluate the neurological response of the ICH rat model.
Selective aerobic benzylic C–H oxidation co-catalyzed by N-hydroxyphthalimide and Keplerate {Mo72V30} nanocluster
Authors: Rezaeifard Abdolreza , Khoshyan Ashkan , Jafarpour Maasoumeh , Pourtahmasb Mehrdad
Published: March 2017

The catalytic efficiency of a Keplerate {Mo72V30} nanocapsule in the aerobic benzylic C–H oxidation of alcohols and hydrocarbons was exploited.
An antimicrobial peptide-based colorimetric bioassay for rapid and sensitive detection of E. coli O157:H7
Authors: Qiao Zhaohui , Lei Chunyang , Fu Yingchun , Li Yanbin
Published: March 2017

A colorimetric bioassay for sensitive detection ofE. coliO157:H7 using horseradish peroxidase labeled antimicrobial peptide as the signal reporter.
Single step fabrication of CuO–MnO–2TiO2 composite thin films with improved photoelectrochemical response
Authors: Munawar Khadija , Mansoor Muhammad Adil , Basirun Wan Jefrey , Misran Misni , Huang Nay Ming , Mazhar Muhammad
Published: March 2017

CuO–MnO–2TiO2 composite thin film having a photocurrent density of 2.21 mA cm−2 at +0.7 V has been deposited from a homogeneous mixture of acetates of Cu and Mn and (Ti(O(CH2)3CH3)4) in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid in THF via AACVD at 550 °C.
The activity origin of core–shell and alloy AgCu bimetallic nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Zhang Nan , Chen Fuyi , Wu Xiaoqiang , Wang Qiao , Qaseem Adnan , Xia Zhenhai
Published: March 2017

Highly active electrocatalysts with a novel bimetallic arrangement of atoms for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are vital for the commercialization of fuel cells.
Highly active and stable interface derived from Pt supported on Ni/Fe layered double oxides for HCHO oxidation
Authors: Lin Mengya , Yu Xiaolin , Yang Xueqin , Li Kezhi , Ge Maofa , Li Junhua
Published: March 2017

In this work, Ni/Fe layered double oxide supported Pt nanoparticles (Pt/LDO(N)) were prepared using a hydrothermal and colloid-impregnation method. The catalyst exhibited remarkable HCHO oxidation ability and long-time stability.
Cationic all-halogen bonding rotaxanes for halide anion recognition
Authors: Li Xiaoxiong , Lim Jason Y. C. , Beer Paul D.
Published: March 2017

A family of cationic halogen bonding [2]rotaxanes have been synthesisedviaan active-metal template synthetic strategy.1H NMR spectroscopic anion titration investigations reveal these interlocked host systems recognize halides selectively over oxoanions in aqueous–organic solvent media. Furthermore, systematically modulating the rigidity and size of the rotaxanes’ anion binding cavitiesviametal complexation, as well as by varying the number of halogen bond-donor groups in the axle component, was found to dramatically influence halide anion selectivity.
Protein-bound Vaccinium fruit polyphenols decrease IgE binding to peanut allergens and RBL-2H3 mast cell degranulation in vitro
Authors: Plundrich Nathalie J. , Bansode Rishipal R. , Foegeding E. Allen , Williams Leonard L. , Lila Mary Ann
Published: March 2017

Peanut allergy is a worldwide health concern.
Chiral disubstituted piperidinyl ureas: a class of dual diacylglycerol lipase-α and ABHD6 inhibitors
Authors: Deng Hui , van der Wel Tom , van den Berg Richard J. B. H. N. , van den Nieuwendijk Adrianus M. C. H. , Janssen Freek J. , Baggelaar Marc P. , Overkleeft Hermen S. , van der Stelt Mario
Published: March 2017

The enantioselective synthesis and structure–activity relationships of deoxy-iminosugar-based triazole ureas as dual inhibitors of DAGLα and ABHD6 were reported.
One-shot controlled/living copolymerization for various comonomer sequence distributions via dual radical and cationic active species from RAFT terminals
Authors: Satoh Kotaro , Hashimoto Hideyuki , Kumagai Shinya , Aoshima Hiroshi , Uchiyama Mineto , Ishibashi Ryoma , Fujiki Yuuma , Kamigaito Masami
Published: March 2017

One-shot control of comonomer sequence distributions was demonstrated by dual radical and cationic copolymerization using RAFT mediator.
Construction of stimuli-responsive supramolecular gel via bispillar[5]arene-based multiple interactions
Authors: Wei Tai-Bao , Chen Jin-Fa , Cheng Xiao-Bin , Li Hui , Han Bing-Bing , Yao Hong , Zhang You-Ming , Lin Qi
Published: March 2017

A linear supramolecular polymer has been constructed from host–guest recognition. Furthermore, the linear supramolecular polymer could self-assemble to form a supramolecular gel at high concentration, which exhibited external stimuli-responsiveness.
Tailoring gold and silver colloidal bimetallic nanoalloys towards SERS detection of rhodamine 6G
Authors: Girão A. V. , Pinheiro P. C. , Ferro M. , Trindade T.
Published: March 2017

Nanoparticles of gold, silver and their bimetallic alloys were tailored for SERS sensing towards trace amounts of rhodamine 6G.
Reversal aggregation-induced circular dichroism from axial chirality transfer via self-assembled helical nanowires
Authors: Meng Fandian , Sheng Yuan , Li Fei , Zhu Chengjian , Quan Yiwu , Cheng Yixiang
Published: March 2017

Two chiral binaphthyl-based enantiomers, (R/S)-7, can produce gradual reversal AICD signals from solution to aggregation, which can be attributed to axial chirality transfer to self-assembled helical nanowires in aggregation state.
Hierarchical porous MnO/graphene composite aerogel as high-performance anode material for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Ma Zhiying , Cao Hailiang , Zhou Xufeng , Deng Wei , Liu Zhaoping
Published: March 2017

MnO/graphene composite anode material with hierarchical pore structure shows high capacity, excellent rate capability and stability.
Simple and tunable surface coatings via polydopamine for modulating pharmacokinetics, cell uptake and biodistribution of polymeric nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Jingshuo , Xu Hui , Tang Xing , Xu Jinghua , Jin Zeng , Li Hui , Wang Shihan , Gou Jingxin , Jin Xiangqun
Published: March 2017

A strategy that can modulate biological response such as pharmacokinetics, cell uptake and biodistribution of NPs simply by tunable coatings was established.
Multi-electron reduction of sulfur and carbon disulfide using binuclear uranium(iii) borohydride complexes
Authors: Arnold Polly L. , Stevens Charlotte J. , Bell Nicola L. , Lord Rianne M. , Goldberg Jonathan M. , Nichol Gary S. , Love Jason B.
Published: March 2017

The first use of a dinuclear UIII/UIII complex in the activation of small molecules is reported.
A nitrogen-rich fluorescent conjugated microporous polymer with triazine and triphenylamine units for high iodine capture and nitro aromatic compound detection
Authors: Geng Tongmou , Zhu Zongming , Zhang Weiyong , Wang Yu
Published: March 2017

A new kind of nitrogen-rich fluorescent conjugated microporous polymer TTPB was synthesized via a Friedel–Crafts reaction of 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and N,N,N′,N′-tetraphenylbenzidine catalyzed by methanesulfonic acid.
A self-immolative and DT-diaphorase-activatable prodrug for drug-release tracking and therapy
Authors: Li Bowen , Liu Peilian , Yan Donghang , Zeng Fang , Wu Shuizhu
Published: March 2017

A DT-diaphorase-activatable theranostic prodrug has been developed for visualizing the release of active drug and enhancing the therapeutic effect.
Solution-phase growth mechanism of phosphorus-doped MnAs nanoparticles: size, polydispersity and dopant control on the nanoscale
Authors: Pimmachcharige Roshini , Zhang Yanhua , Regmi Rajesh , Lawes Gavin , Brock Stephanie L.
Published: March 2017

Rapid quenching of MnAs nanoparticle syntheses leads to time-controlled P-incorporation into the lattice (from the trioctylphosphine oxide solvent) and focusing of the size distribution.
Charge carrier concentration dependence of ultrafast plasmonic relaxation in conducting metal oxide nanocrystals
Authors: Johns Robert W. , Blemker Michelle A. , Azzaro Michael S. , Heo Sungyeon , Runnerstrom Evan L. , Milliron Delia J. , Roberts Sean T.
Published: March 2017

The tunability of the localized surface plasmon resonances of doped metal oxides also impact their thermal relaxation.
TatA complexes exhibit a marked change in organisation in response to expression of the TatBC complex
Authors: Smith Sarah M. , Yarwood Andrew , Fleck Roland A. , Robinson Colin , Smith Corinne J.
Published: March 2017

The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system is an integral membrane protein complex that accomplishes the remarkable feat of transporting large, fully folded polypeptides across the inner membrane of bacteria, into the periplasm. In Escherichia coli, Tat comprises three membrane proteins: TatA, TatB and TatC. How these proteins arrange themselves in the inner membrane to permit passage of Tat substrates, whilst maintaining membrane integrity, is still poorly understood. TatA is the most abundant component of this complex and facilitates assembly of the transport mechanism. We have utilised immunogold labelling in combination with array tomography to gain insight into the localisation and distribution of the TatA protein in E. coli cells. We show that TatA exhibits a uniform distribution throughout the inner membrane of E. coli and that altering the expression of TatBC shows a previously uncharacterised distribution of TatA in the inner membrane. Array tomography was used to provide our first insight into this altered distribution of TatA in three-dimensional space, revealing that this protein forms linear clusters in the inner membrane of E. coli upon increased expression of TatBC. This is the first indication that TatA organisation in the inner membrane alters in response to changes in Tat subunit stoichiometry.
Intelligibility in Accent Management
Authors: Behrman Alison
Published: March 2017

Intelligibility is a multifaceted phenomenon essential to assessment and outcome measurement in accent management. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief discussion of some of the factors involved in measurement and interpretation of intelligibility of nonnative speakers. Through review of a sampling of relevant studies in speech production and perception, the complexity of intelligibility and its relationship to accentedness is explored.
Thieme Chemistry Journals Awardees – Where Are They Now? A Stereoselective Tripeptide Catalyst for Conjugate Addition Reactions of Acetophenones to Dicyanoolefins
Authors: Wennemers Helma , Schnitzer Tobias
Published: March 2017

Peptides of the type H-Pro-Pro-Xaa-NH2 were evaluated as catalysts for conjugate addition reactions of acetophenones to cyanoolefins. Tripeptide H-d-Pro-Pro-Glu-NH2 with a carboxylic acid moiety in the side chain of Xaa was identified as a catalyst that provides γ,γ-dicyanoacetophenones in yields of up to 90% and stereoselectivies of up to 88:12 er.
Peroneal Flap for Tongue Reconstruction
Authors: Lin Ying-Sheng , Liu Wen-Chung , Lin Yaoh-Shiang , Chen Lee-Wei , Yang Kuo-Chung
Published: March 2017

Background For large tongue defects, reconstructive surgeons have devised a variety of feasible options, such as radial forearm free flap and anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap. In our institution, peroneal flap has been the workhorse flap for the soft tissue defect in head and neck reconstruction. We present our experience using peroneal flap in tongue reconstruction.

Patients and Methods The study included 47 patients who had undergone tongue reconstructions with peroneal flaps after tumor resection. The size and location of the defect after tumor resection determined whether the peroneal flaps could be harvested as pure septocutaneous flaps to solely reconstruct the neotongue or to carry an additional muscle bulk to fill the adjacent defect. Retrospective chart review was used to look for postoperative complications and to perform functional assessments (which were also performed through telephone inquiry).

Results Of the 47 patients, 3 (6%) had flap failure and 1 (2.1%) had partial flap necrosis. The hemiglossectomy group had better results than the total glossectomy group with respect to speech and diet, but neither of these results reached statistical significance (p = 1.0 for speech and p = 0.06 for diet). The results of the subtotal glossectomy group were better than those of the total glossectomy group with respect to diet (p = 0.03). No statistically significant differences were noted among the three groups with respect to cosmetic aspect (p = 0.64).

Conclusions Considering its reasonable postoperative complication rates and functional results, peroneal flap can be considered a feasible option for tongue reconstruction.
A New Supermicrosurgery Training Model of Saphenous Artery and Great Saphenous Vein Anastomosis for Development of Advanced Microsurgical Skills
Authors: Bas Can , Cwykiel Joanna , Siemionow Maria
Published: March 2017

Background This study aimed to confirm the feasibility and reliability of saphenous artery (SA) and great saphenous vein (GSV) anastomosis as a new supermicrosurgery training model and to compare the one-way-up anastomosis with the currently used end-to-end anastomosis technique.

Methods Twenty supermicrosurgical anastomoses were performed in 10 Sprague Dawley rats. The external diameters of SA and GSV were measured using Leica LAS EZ software. The right-side SA and GSV anastomoses were performed using the standard end-to-end anastomosis technique. The left-side SA and GSV anastomoses were performed using the one-way-up technique with 11–0 monofilament-interrupted sutures. The duration of the surgery, patency rates, and technical challenges of the two anastomoses methods were compared.

Results The mean external diameters of SA and GSV were 0.273 ± 0.03 and 0.291 ± 0.02 mm, respectively, which qualify these vessels for supermicrosurgical training. The vessels were easily accessible and both anastomosis techniques were feasible. The one-way-up technique was proven to be faster as compared with the end-to-end anastomosis technique (artery: 34 ± 2.55 vs. 40.4 ± 2.97 minutes, p = 0.02; and vein: 37 ± 4.85 vs. 44 ± 2.35 minutes, p = 0.05, respectively). Short-term patency rates for arteries and veins were 100% for both techniques. Seven-day anastomosis patency rates for arteries and veins were 80 and 100% for the end-to-end technique and 100 and 80% for the one-way-up technique, respectively.

Conclusions We confirmed that saphenous pedicle is suitable for creating a supermicrosurgery training model for practicing the ultrafine motor skills. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on supermicrosurgery of SA and GSV in the rat model.
The Transseptal Arthroscopic Knee Portal Is in Close Proximity to the Popliteal Artery: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Cancienne Jourdan , Werner Brian , Burrus M. , Kandil Abdurrahman , Conte Evan , Gwathmey Frank , Miller Mark
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study was to use fluoroscopy to measure the distance between the transseptal portal and the popliteal artery under arthroscopic conditions with an intact posterior knee capsule, and to determine the difference between 90 degrees of knee flexion and full extension. The popliteal artery of eight fresh-frozen cadaveric knees was dissected and cannulated proximal to the knee joint. The posterolateral, posteromedial, and transseptal portals were then established at 90 degrees of flexion. A 4-mm switching stick was placed through the transseptal portal, and barium contrast was injected into the popliteal artery. A lateral fluoroscopic image was taken with the knee in 90 degrees of flexion and full extension, and the distance between the popliteal artery and the switching stick was measured and compared using a paired t-test. In knee flexion, the average distance between the transseptal portal and the anterior aspect of the popliteal artery for the eight cadaveric specimens was 12.0 mm ± 3.3 mm; in extension, this decreased to 9.0 mm ± 2.7 mm. The distance between the transseptal portal and popliteal artery was significantly higher at 90 degrees of knee flexion as compared with extension (p = 0.0005). The transseptal posterior knee arthroscopic portal must be carefully created due to the close proximity to the popliteal artery, and may be closer to the artery than previously reported in specimens with an intact posterior knee capsule. Creating the portal with the knee in flexion significantly displaces the popliteal artery away from the portal reducing the risk of arterial injury.
Influence of Body Mass Index on Compensatory Sweating in Patients after Thoracic Sympathectomy due to Palmar Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Cwalina Natalia , Stefaniak Tomasz , Dobosz Lukasz
Published: March 2017

Background Thoracic sympathectomy (TS) is one of the most effective methods of treatment of primary hyperhidrosis. One of the side effects of this procedure is compensatory sweating (CS).

Objective The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of body mass index (BMI) on CS in patients after TS due to palmar hyperhidrosis.

Methods Data from 157 patients with palmar hyperhidrosis who underwent TS were collected. The patients were subsequently divided in two groups according to their initial BMI: group A, BMI < 25 kg/m2, and group B, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Objective (gravimetry) and subjective (VAS) measurements of the intensity of hyperhidrosis were taken from the patients' bodies prior to surgery, as well as 3 and 12 months after TS.

Results Average palmar hyperhidrosis levels before the surgery did not differ significantly between the two groups (238.65 vs. 190.15; p = 0.053). A statistically significant decrease in palmar hyperhidrosis was noted in both groups, both 3 and 12 months after surgery (238.65 vs. 11.86 vs. 13.5; p < 0.05, and 190.15 vs. 16.67 vs. 11.81; p < 0.05, respectively). The intensity of sweating over the abdomino-lumbar area differed significantly between the groups before the surgery, both in subjective (1.71 vs. 3.61; p < 0.05) and objective (13.57 vs. 35.95; p < 0.05) evaluations. Three months after surgical intervention, an intensification of CS was observed in both the groups; however, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two sets of patients (VAS: 4.58 vs. 5.16; p = 0.38; gravimetry: 33.87 vs. 53.89; p = 0.12). Twelve months after TS, CS was higher in the group with an initial BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, both in subjective and objective evaluations (3.23 vs. 4.94; p = 0.03 and 18.08 vs. 80.21; p = 0.026, respectively).

Conclusion Patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 experience more severe CS after TS, both in subjective and objective evaluations.
The Impact of Surgical Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure on Autonomic Function in Premature Infants
Authors: Metzler Marina , Govindan Vedavalli , Al-Shargabi Tareq , Nath Dilip , Krishnan Anita , Massaro An , Wang Yunfei , duPlessis Adre , Govindan R. , Andescavage Nickie
Published: March 2017

Background Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common complication of prematurity and a risk factor for poor outcome. Infants undergoing surgical PDA ligation are at highest risk for neurodevelopmental injury. Autonomic dysfunction has been described in premature infants with PDA.

Aim To interrogate the autonomic nervous system by analysis of advanced heart rate variability (HRV) metrics before and after surgical closure of the PDA.

Study Design Prospective, observational study.

Subjects Twenty-seven infants born before 28 weeks' gestation were included in this study.

Methods Continuous electrocardiogram data were sampled at a rate of 125 Hz for a total of 6 hours before and 6 hours after 30 hours of surgical closure. HRV was determined by detrended fluctuation analysis to calculate the short and long root mean square (RMSL and RMSS) and α components at two time scales (long and short).

Results Gestational age (GA) was positively associated with RMSL, RMSS, and αS and was negatively associated with αL. There was no difference between RMSs, RMSL, αS, or αL before and after surgery; however, median heart rate was lower after surgery (p < 0.01).

Conclusion Advancing GA is highly associated with increasing HRV; however, surgical ligation does not affect HRV in the postoperative period.
Stellenwert von Ocriplasmin bei der Therapie der vitreomakulären Traktion mit und ohne Makulaforamen – erste klinische Erfahrungen
Authors: Lenk J. , Matthé E. , Ventzke S. , Pillunat L. , Sandner D.
Published: March 2017

Hintergrund Bei der vitreomakulären Traktion (VMT) besteht eine abnormal starke Adhärenz zwischen Netzhaut und Glaskörperkortex vorrangig um die Fovea. Es ist eine visusbedrohende Erkrankung mit den klinischen Symptomen Metamorphopsien und Visusreduktion. Seit 2013 ist Ocriplasmin (Jetrea®) zur intravitrealen Behandlung von vitreomakulären Traktionen und auch in Zusammenhang mit einem Makulaforamen (≤ 400 μm) in Deutschland zugelassen.

Material/Methoden Alle 23 Augen von 21 Patienten mit persistierender vitreomakulärer Traktion mit und ohne Makulaforamen (MF), die bisher an unserer Klinik mit Ocriplasmin intravitreal behandelt wurden, werteten wir retrospektiv aus. Vor und nach der Behandlung erfolgten die Bestimmung des bestkorrigierten Visus (BCVA), eine ophthalmoskopische Vorderabschnitts- und Fundusuntersuchung, sowie eine SD-OCT-Untersuchung. Als therapeutischer Erfolg wurde die komplette Lösung der VMT bzw. der Verschluss des MF gewertet.

Ergebnisse Eine komplette Lösung der VMT erfolgte bei 8 Augen (34,8 %), in 15 Augen (65,2 %) persistierte sie. Zwei der 4 MF waren nach der Behandlung verschlossen mit Normalisierung der anatomischen Strukturen der Netzhaut. Der Visus vor der Ocriplasmin-Injektion betrug im Mittel 0,39 ± 0,25 logMAR mit einem für die Gesamtgruppe leichten, jedoch nicht statistisch signifikanten Abfall auf 0,41 ± 0,24 logMAR (p = 0,613) nach 37,3 ± 22,9 Tagen. Die zentrale Netzhautdicke (CRT) betrug vor der Ocriplasmin-Injektion im Mittel 453,3 ± 172,7 µm mit einer leichten, jedoch für die Gesamtgruppe ebenfalls statistisch nicht signifikanten Abnahme auf 412,0 ± 212 µm (p = 0,124).

Schlussfolgerung Ocriplasmin stellt eine medikamentöse Behandlungsoption bei VMT mit und ohne Makulaforamen dar. Unsere Ergebnisse unterstützen eine kritische Indikationsstellung, da signifikante Zusammenhänge bez. einer Patientenselektion ausblieben. Tendenziell korrelierte der Misserfolg mit zipfeliger Adhärenz, höherem Patientenalter sowie ausbleibenden Chromatopsien.