bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two antagonistic gene regulatory networks drive Arabidopsis root hair growth at low temperature linked to a low‐nutrient environment
Authors: Urzúa Lehuedé Tomás , Berdion Gabarain Victoria , Ibeas Miguel Angel , Salinas‐Grenet Hernán , Achá‐Escobar Romina , Moyano Tomás C. , Ferrero Lucia , Núñez‐Lillo Gerardo , Pérez‐Díaz Jorge , Perotti María Florencia , Miguel Virginia Natali , Spies Fiorella Paola , Rosas Miguel A. , Kawamura Ayako , Rodríguez‐García Diana R. , Kim Ah‐Ram , Nolan Trevor , Moreno Adrian A. , Sugimoto Keiko , Perrimon Norbert , Sanguinet Karen A. , Meneses Claudio , Chan Raquel L. , Ariel Federico , Alvarez Jose M. , Estevez José M.
Published: February 2025

Root hair (RH) cells can elongate to several hundred times their initial size, and are an ideal model system for investigating cell size control. Their development is influenced by both endogenous and external signals, which are combined to form an integrative response. Surprisingly, a low‐temperature condition of 10°C causes increased RH growth in Arabidopsis and in several monocots, even when the development of the rest of the plant is halted.

Previously, we demonstrated a strong correlation between RH growth response and a significant decrease in nutrient availability in the growth medium under low‐temperature conditions. However, the molecular basis responsible for receiving and transmitting signals related to the availability of nutrients in the soil, and their relation to plant development, remain largely unknown.

We have discovered two antagonic gene regulatory networks (GRNs) controlling RH early transcriptome responses to low temperature. One GNR enhances RH growth and it is commanded by the transcription factors (TFs) ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 (RHD6), HAIR DEFECTIVE 6‐LIKE 2 and 4 (RSL2‐RSL4) and a member of the homeodomain leucine zipper (HD‐Zip I) group I 16 (AtHB16). On the other hand, a second GRN was identified as a negative regulator of RH growth at low temperature and it is composed by the trihelix TF GT2‐LIKE1 (GTL1) and the associated DF1, a previously unidentified MYB‐like TF (AT2G01060) and several members of HD‐Zip I group (AtHB3, AtHB13, AtHB20, AtHB23).

Functional analysis of both GRNs highlights a complex regulation of RH growth response to low temperature, and more importantly, these discoveries enhance our comprehension of how plants synchronize RH growth in response to variations in temperature at the cellular level.
Development and Validation of Parental Self‐Efficacy Scale for Dietary Management of Children with Food Allergies
Authors: Lee Soo Jin , Yoo Seoyoung , Kim Jayun , Kim Yeji , Lee Yunna , Lim Chiehyeon , Kim Hyemee , Jung Minyoung
Published: February 2025

Background

It is necessary to evaluate the parental ability to achieve nutritional adequacy while avoiding allergens for children with food allergies (FA), yet this area is currently understudies. Our study aimed to develop and validate the Parental Self‐Efficacy Scale for Dietary Management of Children with Food Allergies (PSED‐FA).

Methods

PSED‐FA was developed through a literature review and semi‐structured interviews refined by a panel of five allergists and five dietitians, and validated using responses from caregivers of children with FA. The construction of the tool involved exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis for model fit, and evaluation of internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. Convergent and divergent validity were assessed using the average variance extracted (AVE), maximum shared variance (MSV), and average shared variance (ASV).

Results

Participants included nine focus interview groups, with 114 individuals in the validation group. Egg whites (55.2%), tree nuts (35.2%), and peanuts (22.8%) were the most common allergens. The EFA identified three factors: preparing allergen‐free meals, knowledge of nutrition management, and management of food restrictions. The goodness of fit of our model met all the criteria. The tool showed high internal consistency (overall Cronbach's alpha: 0.902) and met the criteria for both convergent (AVE >0.5) and divergent validity (AVE > MSV and ASV).

Conclusion

This study validated a reliable and effective tool for assessing parental self‐efficacy in managing the dietary needs of children with FA. This tool can aid health professionals in evaluating parental confidence and identifying areas for improving dietary management in children with FA.
Phytochrome B‐mediated light signalling enhances rice resistance to saline‐alkaline and sheath blight by regulating multiple downstream transcription factors
Authors: Chen Huan , Zhou Tiange , Wu Xianxin , Kumar Vikranth , Lan Xingguo , Xuan Yuan Hu
Published: February 2025

Light signalling regulates plant growth and stress resistance, whereas its mechanism in controlling saline‐alkaline tolerance (SAT) remains largely unknown. This study identified that light signalling, primarily mediated by Phytochrome B (PhyB), inhibited ammonium transporter 1 (AMT1) to negatively regulate SAT. Our previous findings have shown that PhyB can impede the transcription factors indeterminate domain 10 (IDD10) and brassinazole resistant 1 (BZR1) to reduce NH4+ uptake, thereby modulating SAT and sheath blight (ShB) resistance in rice. However, inhibition of IDD10 and BZR1 in the phyB background did not fully suppress NH4+ uptake, suggesting that other signalling pathways regulated AMT1 downstream of PhyB. Further analysis revealed that PhyB interacted with Calcineurin B‐like protein‐interacting protein kinase 31 (CIPK31), which positively regulated AMT1 expression. CIPK31 also interacted with Teosinte Branched1/Cycloidea/PCF19 (TCP19), a key regulator of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, PhyB neither degraded CIPK31 nor directly interacted with TCP19. Instead, PhyB inhibited the CIPK31‐TCP19 interaction, releasing TCP19, which repressed AMT1;2 directly and AMT1;1 and AMT1;3 indirectly, thereby inhibiting NH4+ uptake and SAT while reducing ShB resistance. Additionally, Phytochrome Interacting Factor‐Like 15 (PIL15) interacted with TCP19. Different from TCP19, PIL15 directly activated AMT1;2 to promote SAT, suggesting a balancing mechanism for NH4+ uptake downstream of PhyB. Furthermore, PIL15 interacted with IDD10 and BZR1 to form a transcriptional complex that collaboratively activated AMT1;2 expression. Overall, this study provides novel insights into how PhyB signalling regulates NH4+ uptake and coordinates SAT and ShB resistance in rice.
IMF Standby Agreements and Inequality: The Role of Informality
Authors: Elgin Ceyhun , Elveren Adem Yavuz
Published: February 2025

We use a relatively large annual (unbalanced) cross‐country panel data set that includes the Gini index and the estimated household income inequality as the two relevant inequality metrics and covers the period from 1950 to 2018 for 159 countries, and we investigate the response of two inequality metrics to International Monetary Fund (IMF) standby programs. Our empirical analysis indicates that in countries where the informal sector size (as % GDP) is relatively larger, the extent of income inequality increases after IMF standby agreements. We also show that the opposite is true when the informal sector size is small, that is, inequality declines after these IMF programs.
Efficacy of a Rhythmic Gymnastics‐Specific Injury Prevention Program: An Assessor‐Blinded Cluster‐Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gram Marte Charlotte Dobbertin , Fagerland Morten Wang , Bø Kari
Published: February 2025

Overuse injuries are common among competitive rhythmic gymnasts, with an estimated weekly prevalence of 37% and with the knees, lower back, and hip/groin as the most common injury locations. Reduced physical capacity (e.g., strength and flexibility) has been hypothesized to contribute to the high prevalence of overuse injuries. The primary objective of this trial was to assess if exercises targeting reduced physical capacity in the knees, lower back, and hip/groin reduce the prevalence of overuse injuries compared with usual training. Twenty‐three rhythmic gymnastics clubs were cluster‐randomized to an intervention group (IG: 12 clubs and 119 gymnasts) and a control group (CG: 11 clubs and 86 gymnasts). Included gymnasts had to be ≥ 12 years of age and training ≥ 3 days per week. The IG performed a targeted injury prevention program (IPP) during training/warm‐up for 8 months (November 2022 to June 2023). The CG performed usual training. The prevalence of overuse injuries in the targeted locations was measured monthly in both groups using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC‐H2). The response rate to OSTRC‐H2 was 94%. There was no difference in the prevalence of overuse injuries in the targeted locations between the two groups; odds ratio = 0.86 (95% CI 0.32 to 2.29); p = 0.77 for intervention vs. control. The results suggest that a targeted IPP alone is not enough to prevent overuse injuries in the knees, lower back, and hip/groin among competitive rhythmic gymnasts. Other measures (e.g., load management and proper training planning) might be targeted in future studies.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05506579
Collaborative problem solving in science classrooms: Tools for developing 21st century skills
Authors: Negrón Jimena , López‐Cruz Mauricio , Felmer Patricio , Sepúlveda Carmen L.
Published: February 2025

In this article, we analyze the relationship between interaction formats and collaborative problem‐solving (CPS) skills during guided inquiry activities in science classes. These science classes are conducted by teachers participating in a problem‐based professional development program. Seven teachers and 24 elementary school students (1st to 4th grade) participated in inquiry activities, which were videotaped. In the analysis of videos of seven groups of four students, it was found that students showed processes of socially shared regulation of learning, especially in participation formats in which the teacher interacts with the small group and when students develop the task autonomously. The quality of participation is observed in perspective taking, whereby students receive and express opinions while responding reciprocally, adopt productive conversations, formulate new contributions, and elaborate on each other's ideas. Likewise, in these activities, teachers provide scaffolding using questions that promote exploration and reasoning. These are central dimensions of dialogic learning, in which discourse progression is enhanced. These results contrast with previous studies in Chile, where it was found a predominance of structured interactions and a passive role of students at the same school levels.
Examining the ‘gendered’ places and spaces of UK doctoral education using multilevel modelling
Authors: Sheppard Laura Harriet , Reades Jonathan , Freeman Richard P. J.
Published: February 2025

Research on gender in higher education frequently focuses on micro‐ or macro‐scale factors—power relations and working practices, or disciplinary norms and the educational ‘pipeline’—overlooking the meso‐scale of ‘place’ embodied in departments and institutions. This study bridges that gap by applying data science and multilevel modelling within a quantitative feminist geographical framework to analyse gendered PhD completion patterns in the UK from 1990 to 2020. Using the British Library's E‐Thesis Online Service (EThOS), we identify ‘department‐like units’ as pivotal, accounting for 10.7% of the variation in the likelihood of a PhD student being female—more than any other grouping. Overall, STEM fields remain male‐skewed, while the Arts and Humanities, and Social Sciences show a female skew. Institutional histories and geography also matter: in Scottish and Northern Irish universities students are more likely to be female compared with English universities, while the likelihood in Wales is lower. The use of statistical methods through a feminist lens offers a foundation for targeted interventions: our results suggest a greater focus on departments in equality initiatives like Athena SWAN and adjustments to funding policies to enhance diversity in PhD cohorts, particularly in male‐dominated disciplines. Future work should integrate intersectional approaches to deepen understanding of these dynamics, but these findings emphasise the value of place‐based analysis in addressing gender disparities and guiding policy.
The Risks and Opportunities of Use of Social Media: Youth Perceptions
Authors: Osepashvili Dali
Published: February 2025

The use of social media is increasing day by day in Georgia. Although Facebook has millions of users, the sites TikTok and Instagram are particularly popular with young people. Because their audience is mostly young, this study aims to explore the attitudes of young people, what are the risks and opportunities related to using social media platforms. This study was carried out in 2 stages. At the first step qualitative approach for preliminary research – focus groups and in-depth interviews methods were used and at the second stage online survey Google forms e-questionnaire was used. This paper analyzes young peoples’ perceptions toward social media usage.
Size-Dependent Effects and Surface Roughness in Contact Mechanics
Authors: Li Chengya , Liang Xuanming , Yuan Weike , Ding Yue , Wang Gangfeng
Published: February 2025

With the increasing miniaturization of mechanical systems and the prevalence of rough surfaces in engineering applications, understanding and accurately characterizing the contact response at small scales has become crucial. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of two significant aspects in the field of contact mechanics: the size-dependent response of single asperity due to strain gradients and surface effects, and the contact behavior of rough surfaces. The former forms the foundation for the latter analysis, as real surfaces are inherently rough and contact occurs at discrete asperities. At the microscale, strain gradients play a dominant role, as classical continuum mechanics fails to account for the intrinsic material length. Further downscaling to the nanoscale highlights the importance of surface effects due to the large surface-to-bulk ratio. The first section examines these distinct size-dependent effects and their implications for contact mechanics across different scales. The second section further focuses on the contact of rough surfaces, highlighting incremental contact models, contact behavior at large contact fraction where asperity interactions are significant, adhesive rough contact in soft materials, and experimental advances that improve the understanding and validation of these models. Together, these two topics underscore the need for refined theoretical and experimental approaches to accurately model and predict the contact behavior at small scales and with realistic multi-scale roughness.
A Novel Methodology for Improving Understanding of the Multiplanar Kinematics of the Human Cervical Spine
Authors: Coltoff Emma , Hezrony Benjamin S. , Marcet Paul A. , Wilson Jonathan L. , Brown Philip
Published: February 2025

The biomechanics of the spine are naturally multiplanar, but their experimental characterization remains primarily conducted in pure moment bending in anatomical planes: Flexion-Extension (FE) in the sagittal plane, Lateral Bending (LB) in the coronal plane, and Axial Rotation (AR) in the transverse plane. This leaves the biomechanical behavior between anatomical planes under-characterized. Computational tools for evaluating spinal implants and surgical treatments, like finite element models, are validated by comparison to experimental spinal loading. Thus, they are only able to represent spine behavior that is characterized through testing. A novel testing protocol was developed using a six-axis industrial robot to apply multiplanar experimental loading trajectories to characterize the spine's multiplanar behavior. One cadaveric cervical spinal specimen was loaded in combined FE and LB bending about the craniocaudal axis, capturing its multidimensional stiffness behavior at several hundred unique joint kinematic “poses” throughout the spine's physiologic range of motion. The multiplanar trajectories are designed to enable parameterization of spinal stiffness behavior at each pose to the kinematic trajectory taken to achieve the pose. Visualizing the multiplanar behavior of the spine also reveals spinal movement patterns that are not visible in planar bending alone. This method has elucidated that spinal stiffness under multiplanar loading cannot be inferred exclusively from behavior in planar loading, and that directionality of spinal loading has an impact on stiffness behavior. This information can be incorporated into finite element models and other tools for more robust predictions for spinal health.
Vibration Suppression and Trajectory Tracking With Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Urban Air Mobility Aircraft
Authors: Nunes Jessica , Su Weihua , He Tianyi
Published: February 2025

This paper describes developing and simulating a nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) for a tiltrotor urban air mobility (UAM) aircraft. The aircraft’s free flight is governed by a set of nonlinear rigid-body dynamic equations, considering multiple tiltrotors and their gyroscopic and inertial effects. The control variables include two push rotors’ spin rates and the deflections of traditional control surfaces, including the elevator, aileron, and rudder. The performance of the NMPC is compared with the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and model predictive controller (MPC) for vibration suppression during the level flight. The NMPC and LQR can fully remove pitch angle oscillation and stabilize altitude in approximately 15 s. The MPC, while still able to reduce the rigid body vibration cannot fully remove the oscillation in 80 s. The NMPC and LQR are compared for lateral and longitudinal trajectory path tracking, with the NMPC showing better performance in both cases due to its ability to take into account the nonlinear nature of the aircraft flight dynamics and predict the vehicle’s future response when determining the best control inputs. Different from the vibration control case, the nonlinear nature of the aircraft flight dynamics should be accounted for by the controller design to properly track the ever-changing path reference, which is not the case for the LQR. While the NMPC has a higher computational cost, it demonstrates much better control performance than the MPC and LQR.
Learning battery model parameter dynamics from data with recursive Gaussian process regression
Authors: Aitio Antti , Joest Dominik , Sauer Dirk Uwe , Howey David
Published: February 2025

Estimating the state of health is a critical function of a battery management system, but remains challenging due to variability of operating conditions and usage requirements in real applications. As a result, existing techniques based on fitting equivalent circuit models may exhibit inaccuracy at extremes of performance and over long-term ageing, or instability of parameter estimates. Pure data-driven techniques, on the other hand, suffer from a lack of generality beyond their training dataset. Here, we propose a novel hybrid approach combining data- and model-driven techniques for battery health estimation, estimating both capacity loss and resistance increase. Specifically, we use a Bayesian method, Gaussian process regression, to estimate model parameters as functions of states, operating conditions, and lifetime. Computational efficiency is ensured by a recursive implementation, yielding a joint state-parameter estimator that learns parameter dynamics from data and is robust to gaps and varying operating conditions. Results show the efficacy of the method, on both simulated and measured drive cycle data, including accurate estimates and forecasts of battery capacity and internal resistance. This opens up new opportunities to understand battery ageing from field data.
Robust Fault Detection for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Subject to Denial-of-Service Attacks
Authors: Pan Kunpeng , Yang Feisheng , Lyu Yang , Pan Quan
Published: February 2025

During the flight of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), potential system faults can lead to mission failure or even crashes. Therefore, it is important to equip the ground control station (GCS) with a fault detection module. However, malicious attackers may launch denial-of-service (DoS) attacks to interfere with the network communication between UAVs and GCS, which can result in the failure of the fault detection mechanism. This study presents a robust fault detection scheme for UAVs in the presence of DoS attacks. Specifically, a fault detection filter (FDF) is devised to produce residual signals, while a resilient event-triggered mechanism (ETM) is implemented to enhance network bandwidth utilization efficiency and alleviate the adverse effects of DoS attacks. By considering the H∞ performance index and analyzing the exponential stability of the switching residual system, the event triggering parameters and the filter gain matrix are obtained.Furthermore, a detection logic utilizing residuals and thresholds is introduced to facilitate fault detection. Simulation results confirm the viability of this fault detection approach, which is grounded in a resilient event trigger mechanism.
Thomson Effect, Leg Design, Heat Interaction, and Material Impacts on Segmented Thermoelectric Cooler: Insights From Three-Dimensional Simulation
Authors: Mani Aakash , Sarkar Jahar
Published: February 2025

Thermoelectric coolers (TECs) have emerged as promising cooling solutions; however, their relatively low coefficient of performance (COP) remains challenging. Hence, to better understand the factors influencing TEC efficiency and to guide the design of more effective systems, a three-dimensional numerical model is developed. It includes temperature-dependent thermoelectric properties (Thomson effect) and convective–radiative heat interactions. This study explores the TEC performance by analyzing various leg configurations, such as segmented and non-segmented legs, with constant and variable cross section using different material compositions to maximize the cooling effect and COP. Cylindrical legs outperformed conventional square legs, offering a 3% increase in COP and 2.5% in cooling effect. The non-segmented legs emphasize the need for condition-specific material selection, while segmented legs show up to 6.3% higher COP and 5.5% better cooling effect at lower currents, with performance declining at higher currents. A larger temperature lift between the hot and cold sides reduces TEC efficiency. The material-specific segmented leg length ratio can be optimized for maximum performance. A uniform circular leg cross section is more effective than a variable one. Incorporating the temperature-dependent material properties and the Thomson effect in the model significantly increases the TEC performance (up to 30%). Similarly, considering convective–radiative heat interaction in the model increases the performance (about 10%). These two inclusions enhance the accuracy of performance prediction of the model used in this study. These findings provide valuable insights for designing TECs according to application and operating conditions.
Examining the Linkages between Environmental Quality and Sustainable Development in Nigeria
Authors: ALEHILE Kehinde Samuel , YAKUBU Abdullahi , EBEH Joy Eleojo
Published: February 2025

Increasing environmental degradation and its impact on long-term economic prosperity have become major global concerns, particularly in developing economies like Nigeria. Environmental quality is crucial for Sustainable Development (SD), affecting economic growth, resource availability, and societal well-being. However, balancing economic growth and environmental preservation remains a challenge for policymakers. Therefore, this study uses an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation approach to examine the relationship between environmental quality and SD in Nigeria using quarterly data from 2000 to 2021. The research examines the impacts of CO2 emissions, forest area, Natural Resource Depletion (NRD), capital, and labor on SD from both short- and long-term perspectives. The findings demonstrate that CO2 emissions negatively affect SD, emphasizing the importance of strong environmental legislation. In contrast, forest areas have a beneficial impact on SD, emphasizing the necessity of environmental preservation. Lagged and contemporary NRDs show trade-offs between resource use and long-term prosperity. Capital emerges as a key engine of SD. However, this study finds that factors like labor lack statistical significance in explaining variations in SD. These insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers aiming to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability. The study recommends the implementation of stringent environmental policies to curb CO2 emissions and emphasizes the need for responsible resource management practices to mitigate the adverse effects of NRD.
Black Soldier Fly Meal as a Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota Remodelling Factor: A New Natural and Sustainable Source of Prebiotic Substances for Fish?
Authors: Rawski Mateusz , Mazurkiewicz Jan , Mikołajczak Zuzanna , Kierończyk Bartosz , Skrzypczak Paula , Szymkowiak Piotr , Józefiak Damian
Published: February 2025

The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) plays a crucial role in the development, lifespan, physiology, barrier functions and immunity against pathogens in fish. One of the significant causes of fish mortality in production systems, which also generates huge financial losses, is pathogenic dieseases. Consequently, effectively managing disruptions in the microbiota could play a crucial role in mitigating economic losses across the sector. It was investigated the effect of an alternative raw material increasing inclusion—full‐fat Hermetia illucens larvae meal on the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome of Atlantic salmon. Thus, five experimental feeds were prepared: a control diet (CON) without the addition of black soldier fly full‐fat meal (BSFM) and with 30% fish meal (FM); BSFM5, with 5% addition of full‐fat BSFM and 27.1% FM; BSFM10, with 10% full‐fat BSFM and 24.3% FM; BSFM15, with 15% addition of full‐fat BSFM and 21.3% FM; and BSFM20, with 20% addition of full‐fat BSFM and 18.6% FM. After 60 days of growth experiment on Atlantic salmon presmolts, the contents of two sections of the GIT, proximal and distal, were gently sampled and subjected to next‐generation sequencing (NGS) to analyse the microbial populations. No significant differences were observed in the microbial compositions of the groups, irrespective of the intestinal section analysed. In the proximal and distal intestine, the CON group exhibited the highest number of distinct phyla. Increasing the inclusion of BSFM in the diet led to a reduction in the abundance of specific phyla. Similar results were noted at genus level. The BSFM5 and BSFM10 groups showed increase number in Enterococcus, while the Lactobacillus population were maintained at a high level. Due to abovementioned changes as well as the increased share of Bacilli populations, it may be concluded that up to 20% BSFM shares may have positive microbiota‐modulating effects. Thus, BSFM may be considered not only as a nutrient source but a functional feed material in fish diets also, due to its prebiotic effects observed in the study.
Seroprevalence of Typhoid Fever and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Clinically Diagnosed Febrile Patients Visiting the Outpatient Department at Debark Hospital and Drug Susceptibility Patterns of Isolates
Authors: Muleta Atsede , Meseret Naod
Published: February 2025

Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi, which poses major health problems in developing countries, including Ethiopia. However, there is limited information regarding typhoid fever, contributing factors with it, and its drug susceptibility pattern in the research area. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of typhoid fever and its associated risk factors among clinically diagnosed febrile patients at Debark Hospital and evaluate the drug susceptibility patterns of the isolates. A hospital‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted among 158 febrile patients from December 2022 to April 2023. Blood and stool samples were collected from each febrile patient. The Widal test was used to test Salmonella Typhi O and H antigens sera from blood, and bacteria were cultured from the stool. Gram staining and biochemical analyses were carried out for each isolate. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed for the isolates using Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion techniques. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for analysis. In this study, the seroprevalence of typhoid fever among febrile patients at Debark Hospital was 22.8%. Gender (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.02, 0.31, p ≤ 0.001), marital status (AOR: 95% CI: 2.63, 4.66, p ≤ 0.001), family size (AOR: 95% CI: 0.01, 0.31, p ≤ 0.001), residence (AOR: 95% CI: 0.09, 0.83, p = 0.021), practice of using toilet (AOR: 95% CI: 0.08, 0.086, p = 0.027), washing fruits and vegetables before eating (AOR: 95% CI: 0.12, 0.87, p = 0.025), and awareness of typhoid fever transmission and prevention (AOR: 95% CI: 0.12, 0.91, p = 0.032) are the associated risk factors for typhoid fever. Fifty percent of the isolates showed multidrug resistance to two or more antibiotics. It was suggested that improving personal hygiene, providing safe drinking water, and careful use of antibiotics could considerably reduce the prevalence of typhoid fever in the study area.
Sleep‐Breath–Related Characteristics in Males With Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Xue Wenjun , Zhang Qianqian , Wu Xiaolin , Zhu Huaming , Li Xinyi , Feng Yunhai , Ye Haibo
Published: February 2025

Background: Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) often exhibit sleep impairments that are closely associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, objective evaluations of sleep quality in inpatients with CRS are lacking. This study explored the sleep‐breath–related characteristics of CRS patients without nasal polyps (CRSsNP).

Methods: In this cross‐sectional single‐center study, we recruited 147 adult male inpatients diagnosed with CRSsNP between March 2019 and April 2020. OSA was diagnosed using standard PSG. The patients were classified into two groups based on the apnea–hypopnea index: CRSsNP with OSA and CRSsNP without OSA groups. Demographic features and sleep parameters were evaluated and compared between the groups.

Results: Inpatients with CRSsNP were at high risk of OSA (61.2%). Interestingly, the oxygen desaturation index (ODI), sleep efficiency (SE), and wake duration showed no differences between the CRSsNP with OSA and CRSsNP without OSA patients. The CRSsNP with OSA group exhibited a higher prevalence of obesity, slept for less time, was more easily aroused, and exhibited higher SE and larger CT90 scores during sleep (p < 0.05) compared to the CRSsNP without OSA group. Linear regression analysis revealed that the average SpO2 value (β = 1.182; p = 0.036) and ODI (β = 0.818; p < 0.001) remained significantly associated with OSA in CRS patients even after adjusting for age and body mass index.

Conclusions: Male inpatients with CRSsNP exhibited a high prevalence of OSA. CRSsNP patients evidenced severe hypoxia and exhibited more awakenings during sleep.
Supplementary Table S5 from Conditional Activation of c-MYC in Distinct Catecholaminergic Cells Drives Development of Neuroblastoma or Somatostatinoma
Authors: Wang Tingting , Liu Lingling , Fang Jie , Jin Hongjian , Natarajan Sivaraman , Sheppard Heather , Lu Meifen , Turner Gregory , Confer Thomas , Johnson Melissa , Steinberg Jeffrey , Ha Larry , Yadak Nour , Jain Richa , Picketts David J. , Ma Xiaotu , Murphy Andrew , Davidoff Andrew M. , Glazer Evan S. , Easton John , Chen Xiang , Wang Ruoning , Yang Jun
Published: February 2025

GSEA results for c-MYC PNET and c-MYC neuroblastoma
Supplementary Table S3 from Conditional Activation of c-MYC in Distinct Catecholaminergic Cells Drives Development of Neuroblastoma or Somatostatinoma
Authors: Wang Tingting , Liu Lingling , Fang Jie , Jin Hongjian , Natarajan Sivaraman , Sheppard Heather , Lu Meifen , Turner Gregory , Confer Thomas , Johnson Melissa , Steinberg Jeffrey , Ha Larry , Yadak Nour , Jain Richa , Picketts David J. , Ma Xiaotu , Murphy Andrew , Davidoff Andrew M. , Glazer Evan S. , Easton John , Chen Xiang , Wang Ruoning , Yang Jun
Published: February 2025

Differentially expressed genes in c-MYC- and MYCN-driven neuroblastomas
Supplementary Data from Conditional Activation of c-MYC in Distinct Catecholaminergic Cells Drives Development of Neuroblastoma or Somatostatinoma
Authors: Wang Tingting , Liu Lingling , Fang Jie , Jin Hongjian , Natarajan Sivaraman , Sheppard Heather , Lu Meifen , Turner Gregory , Confer Thomas , Johnson Melissa , Steinberg Jeffrey , Ha Larry , Yadak Nour , Jain Richa , Picketts David J. , Ma Xiaotu , Murphy Andrew , Davidoff Andrew M. , Glazer Evan S. , Easton John , Chen Xiang , Wang Ruoning , Yang Jun
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Data including 12 figures and table S1
Supplementary Figures 1-20 from Modeling Drug Responses and Evolutionary Dynamics Using Patient-Derived Xenografts Reveals Precision Medicine Strategies for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Shea Abigail , Eyal-Lubling Yaniv , Guerrero-Romero Daniel , Manzano Garcia Raquel , Greenwood Wendy , O’Reilly Martin , Georgopoulou Dimitra , Callari Maurizio , Lerda Giulia , Wix Sophia , Giovannetti Agnese , Masina Riccardo , Esmaeilishirazifard Elham , Cope Wei , Martin Alistair G. , Nagano Ai , Young Lisa , Kupczak Steven , Cheng Yi , Bardwell Helen , Provenzano Elena , Kane Justine , Lay Jonny , Grybowicz Louise , McAdam Karen , Caldas Carlos , Abraham Jean , Rueda Oscar M. , Bruna Alejandra
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figures 1-20
Supplementary Figure 4 from Scavenger Receptor CD36 in Tumor-Associated Macrophages Promotes Cancer Progression by Dampening Type-I IFN Signaling
Authors: Xu Ziyan , Kuhlmann-Hogan Alexandra , Xu Shihao , Tseng Hubert , Chen Dan , Tan Shirong , Sun Ming , Tripple Victoria , Bosenberg Marcus , Miller-Jensen Kathryn , Kaech Susan M.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure 4
Figure S4 from The circRNA cEMSY Induces Immunogenic Cell Death and Boosts Immunotherapy Efficacy in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yijian , Song Xuming , Feng Yipeng , Qian Yuxian , Chen Bing , Zhang Te , Wang Hui , Chen Yuzhong , Yu Xinnian , Ding Hanlin , Li Rutao , Ge Pengfei , Xu Lin , Dong Gaochao , Jiang Feng
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Fig. 4. cEMSY knockout abrogates the ability of cellular stressors to induce ICD.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Scavenger Receptor CD36 in Tumor-Associated Macrophages Promotes Cancer Progression by Dampening Type-I IFN Signaling
Authors: Xu Ziyan , Kuhlmann-Hogan Alexandra , Xu Shihao , Tseng Hubert , Chen Dan , Tan Shirong , Sun Ming , Tripple Victoria , Bosenberg Marcus , Miller-Jensen Kathryn , Kaech Susan M.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure 3
Figure S11 from The circRNA cEMSY Induces Immunogenic Cell Death and Boosts Immunotherapy Efficacy in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yijian , Song Xuming , Feng Yipeng , Qian Yuxian , Chen Bing , Zhang Te , Wang Hui , Chen Yuzhong , Yu Xinnian , Ding Hanlin , Li Rutao , Ge Pengfei , Xu Lin , Dong Gaochao , Jiang Feng
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Fig. 11. cEMSY expression level affects patient prognosis in multiple clinical cancer cohorts.
Supplementary Data from Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Enables In Vivo Quantification of PD-L1 Expression and Intertumoral Heterogeneity
Authors: Pal Rahul , Krishnamoorthy Murali , Matsui Aya , Kang Homan , Morita Satoru , Taniguchi Hajime , Kobayashi Tatsuya , Morita Atsuyo , Choi Hak Soo , Duda Dan G. , Kumar Anand T. N.
Published: February 2025

This file contains all the supplementary figures and tables related to this manuscript.
Supplementary Figure S6 from PRDM16 Induces Methylation of FLT3 to Promote FLT3-ITD Signaling and Leukemia Progression
Authors: Zhai Fengxian , Pan Guozheng , Xue Lei , Cheng Can , Wang Jiabei , Liu Yao , Liu Lianxin
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure S6
Supplementary Figure S5 from PRDM16 Induces Methylation of FLT3 to Promote FLT3-ITD Signaling and Leukemia Progression
Authors: Zhai Fengxian , Pan Guozheng , Xue Lei , Cheng Can , Wang Jiabei , Liu Yao , Liu Lianxin
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure S5
Fig. S4 from Loss of CDKN2A Enhances the Efficacy of Immunotherapy in EGFR-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wang Simeng , Lai Jia-Cheng , Li Yu , Tang Chengfang , Lu Jiajia , Han Min , Ye Xianjiang , Jia Lina , Cui Wei , Yang Jingyu , Wu Chunfu , Wang Lihui
Published: February 2025

Fig. S4 and its figure legend
Table S5 from Kinome-Focused CRISPR-Cas9 Screens in African Ancestry Patient-Derived Breast Cancer Organoids Identify Essential Kinases and Synergy of EGFR and FGFR1 Inhibition
Authors: Madorsky Rowdo Florencia P. , Martini Rachel , Ackermann Sarah E. , Tang Colin P. , Tranquille Marvel , Irizarry Adriana , Us Ilkay , Alawa Omar , Moyer Jenna E. , Sigouros Michael , Nguyen John , Al Assaad Majd , Cheng Esther , Ginter Paula S. , Manohar Jyothi , Stonaker Brian , Boateng Richard , Oppong Joseph K. , Adjei Ernest K. , Awuah Baffour , Kyei Ishmael , Aitpillah Francis S. , Adinku Michael O. , Ankomah Kwasi , Osei-Bonsu Ernest B. , Gyan Kofi K. , Hoda Syed , Newman Lisa , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Sboner Andrea , Elemento Olivier , Dow Lukas E. , Davis Melissa B. , Martin M. Laura
Published: February 2025

PDTOs breast cancer subtype analysis
Data from Conditional Activation of c-MYC in Distinct Catecholaminergic Cells Drives Development of Neuroblastoma or Somatostatinoma
Authors: Wang Tingting , Liu Lingling , Fang Jie , Jin Hongjian , Natarajan Sivaraman , Sheppard Heather , Lu Meifen , Turner Gregory , Confer Thomas , Johnson Melissa , Steinberg Jeffrey , Ha Larry , Yadak Nour , Jain Richa , Picketts David J. , Ma Xiaotu , Murphy Andrew , Davidoff Andrew M. , Glazer Evan S. , Easton John , Chen Xiang , Wang Ruoning , Yang Jun
Published: February 2025

Abstract
c-MYC is an important driver of high-risk neuroblastoma. A lack of c-MYC–driven genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) has hampered the ability to better understand mechanisms of neuroblastoma oncogenesis and to develop effective therapies. In this study, we showed that conditional c-MYC induction via Cre recombinase driven by a tyrosine hydroxylase promoter led to a preponderance of PDX1+ somatostatinoma, a type of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. However, c-MYC activation via an improved Cre recombinase driven by a dopamine β-hydroxylase promoter resulted in neuroblastoma development. The c-MYC murine neuroblastoma tumors recapitulated the pathologic and genetic features of human neuroblastoma and responded to anti-GD2 immunotherapy and difluoromethylornithine, an FDA-approved inhibitor targeting the MYC transcriptional target ODC1. Thus, c-MYC overexpression results in different but related tumor types depending on the targeted cell. The GEMMs represent valuable tools for testing immunotherapies and targeted therapies for these diseases.

Significance: The development of c-MYC–driven genetically engineered neuroblastoma and somatostatinoma mouse models provides useful tools for understanding the tumor cell origin and investigating treatment strategies.
Data from Mutant PP2A Induces IGFBP2 Secretion to Promote Development of High-Grade Uterine Cancer
Authors: Haanen Terrance J. , Boock Sophie , Callahan Catherine G. , Peris Irene , Zawacki Kaitlin P. , Raines Brynne , Nino Charles A. , Tran Brian , Harold Alexis , Hodges Onishi Gabrielle , Hinderman Matthew , Dowdican Amanda , Huang Wei , Taylor Derek J. , Taylor Sarah E. , Jackson Mark W. , DiFeo Analisa , O’Connor Caitlin M. , Narla Goutham
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) and uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) tumors are uniquely aggressive, suggesting that the primary tumor is intrinsically equipped to disseminate and metastasize. Previous work identified mutational hotspots within PPP2R1A, which encodes the Aα scaffolding subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a heterotrimeric serine/threonine phosphatase. Two recurrent heterozygous PPP2R1A mutations, P179R and S256F, occur exclusively within high-grade subtypes of uterine cancer and can drive tumorigenesis and metastasis. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which PP2A Aα mutants promote tumor development and progression could help identify therapeutic opportunities. Here, we showed that expression of these mutants in USC/UCS cell lines enhanced tumor-initiating capacity, drove a hybrid epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity phenotype, and elevated secretion of the tumorigenic cytokine insulin growth factor (IGF) binding protein 2 (IGFBP2). Therapeutic targeting of the IGFBP2/IGF receptor 1 signaling axis using small molecules and genetic approaches resulted in marked tumor growth inhibition. Mechanistically, PP2A regulated IGFBP2 expression through the transcription factor, NF-κB, which harbors a B56 recognition motif. Collectively, these results identify a role for PP2A in regulating paracrine cancer cell signaling that can be targeted to block the initiation and metastasis of high-grade uterine cancer.

Significance: Elevated IGFBP2 secretion by uterine cancer cells with heterozygous PPP2R1A mutations supports tumor progression and confers a vulnerability to IGFBP2/IGF1R inhibition as a therapeutic approach for this highly aggressive cancer subtype.
Data from Scavenger Receptor CD36 in Tumor-Associated Macrophages Promotes Cancer Progression by Dampening Type-I IFN Signaling
Authors: Xu Ziyan , Kuhlmann-Hogan Alexandra , Xu Shihao , Tseng Hubert , Chen Dan , Tan Shirong , Sun Ming , Tripple Victoria , Bosenberg Marcus , Miller-Jensen Kathryn , Kaech Susan M.
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are a heterogeneous population of myeloid cells that dictate the inflammatory tone of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we unveiled a mechanism by which scavenger receptor cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) suppresses TAM inflammatory states. CD36 was upregulated in TAMs and associated with immunosuppressive features, and myeloid-specific deletion of CD36 significantly reduced tumor growth. Moreover, CD36-deficient TAMs acquired inflammatory signatures including elevated type-I IFN (IFNI) production, mirroring the inverse correlation between CD36 and IFNI response observed in patients with cancer. IFNI, especially IFNβ, produced by CD36-deficient TAMs directly induced tumor cell quiescence and delayed tumor growth. Mechanistically, CD36 acted as a natural suppressor of IFNI signaling in macrophages through p38 activation downstream of oxidized lipid signaling. These findings establish CD36 as a critical regulator of TAM function and the tumor inflammatory microenvironment, providing additional rationale for pharmacologic inhibition of CD36 to rejuvenate antitumor immunity.

Significance: CD36 in tumor-associated macrophages mediates immunosuppression and can be targeted as a therapeutic avenue for stimulating interferon production and increasing the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Data from Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Enables In Vivo Quantification of PD-L1 Expression and Intertumoral Heterogeneity
Authors: Pal Rahul , Krishnamoorthy Murali , Matsui Aya , Kang Homan , Morita Satoru , Taniguchi Hajime , Kobayashi Tatsuya , Morita Atsuyo , Choi Hak Soo , Duda Dan G. , Kumar Anand T. N.
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Patient selection for cancer immunotherapy requires precise, quantitative readouts of biomarker expression in intact tumors that can be reliably compared across multiple subjects over time. The current clinical standard biomarker for assessing immunotherapy response is PD-L1 expression, typically quantified using IHC. This method, however, only provides snapshots of PD-L1 expression status in microscopic regions of ex vivo specimens. Although various targeted probes have been investigated for in vivo imaging of PD-L1, nonspecific probe accumulation within the tumor microenvironment has hindered accurate quantification, limiting the utility for preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we demonstrated that in vivo time-domain fluorescence imaging of an anti–PD-L1 antibody tagged with the near-infrared fluorophore IRDye 800CW (αPDL1-800) can yield quantitative estimates of baseline tumor PD-L1 heterogeneity across untreated mice, as well as variations in PD-L1 expression in mice undergoing clinically relevant anti–PD-1 treatment. The fluorescence lifetime (FLT) of PD-L1–bound αPDL1-800 was significantly longer than the FLT of nonspecifically accumulated αPDL1-800 in the tumor microenvironment. This FLT contrast allowed quantification of PD-L1 expression across mice both in superficial breast tumors using planar FLT imaging and in deep-seated liver tumors (>5 mm depth) using the asymptotic time-domain algorithm for fluorescence tomography. These findings suggest that FLT imaging can accelerate the preclinical investigation and clinical translation of new immunotherapy treatments by enabling robust quantification of receptor expression across subjects.

Significance: Fluorescence lifetime imaging can quantify PD-L1 expression across multiple mice undergoing anti–PD-1 treatment, providing a critically needed noninvasive imaging method to quantify immunotherapy targets in vivo.
Kinome-Focused CRISPR-Cas9 Screens in African Ancestry Patient-Derived Breast Cancer Organoids Identify Essential Kinases and Synergy of EGFR and FGFR1 Inhibition
Authors: Madorsky Rowdo Florencia P. , Martini Rachel , Ackermann Sarah E. , Tang Colin P. , Tranquille Marvel , Irizarry Adriana , Us Ilkay , Alawa Omar , Moyer Jenna E. , Sigouros Michael , Nguyen John , Al Assaad Majd , Cheng Esther , Ginter Paula S. , Manohar Jyothi , Stonaker Brian , Boateng Richard , Oppong Joseph K. , Adjei Ernest K. , Awuah Baffour , Kyei Ishmael , Aitpillah Francis S. , Adinku Michael O. , Ankomah Kwasi , Osei-Bonsu Ernest B. , Gyan Kofi K. , Hoda Syed , Newman Lisa , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Sboner Andrea , Elemento Olivier , Dow Lukas E. , Davis Melissa B. , Martin M. Laura
Published: February 2025

Precision medicine approaches to cancer treatment aim to exploit genomic alterations that are specific to individual patients to tailor therapeutic strategies. Yet, some targetable genes and pathways are essential for tumor cell viability even in the absence of direct genomic alterations. In underrepresented populations, the mutational landscape and determinants of response to existing therapies are poorly characterized because of limited inclusion in clinical trials and studies. One way to reveal tumor essential genes is with genetic screens. Most screens are conducted on cell lines that bear little resemblance to patient tumors, after years of culture under nonphysiologic conditions. To address this problem, we aimed to develop a CRISPR screening pipeline in three-dimensionally grown patient-derived tumor organoid (PDTO) models. A breast cancer PDTO biobank that focused on underrepresented populations, including West African patients, was established and used to conduct a negative-selection kinome-focused CRISPR screen to identify kinases essential for organoid growth and potential targets for combination therapy with EGFR or MEK inhibitors. The screen identified several previously unidentified kinase targets, and the combination of FGFR1 and EGFR inhibitors synergized to block organoid proliferation. Together, these data demonstrate the feasibility of CRISPR-based genetic screens in patient-derived tumor models, including PDTOs from underrepresented patients with cancer, and identify targets for cancer therapy.

Significance: Generation of a breast cancer patient-derived tumor organoid biobank focused on underrepresented populations enabled kinome-focused CRISPR screening that identified essential kinases and potential targets for combination therapy with EGFR or MEK inhibitors.

See related commentary by Trembath and Spanheimer, p. 407