bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid Transition to Virtual Learning in Postgraduate Medical Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Tanzania: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Nyamuryekung’e Massawa K , Walli Nahida , Ismail Neelam A , Housseine Natasha , Adebayo Philip B. , Ali Athar
Published: November 2024

Background:

The effect of the progressive utilization of virtual learning (VL) in postgraduate medical education (PGME) is contentious. During the COVID-19 pandemic, VL was up-scaled to bridge the education delivery gap. How this impacted learning experiences in PGME is an area that needs to be explored for the progressive context-specific application of VL.

Objective:

This phenomenological study aimed to explore the postgraduate medical faculty’s and residents’ experiences with the rapid shift to VL.

Methods:

Through an interpretivist paradigm, this study used in-depth individual semi-structured interviews and prompts to explore the full breadth of the participants’ experiences. A purposive sampling method was used, and qualitative content analysis was employed in an iterative process until data saturation. Data was collected between January 2021 and July 2021. Member checking was done to ensure validity. The AKU-ERC granted ethical approval, with reference AKU/2020/098/fb.

Results:

Ten participants were recruited for the study. Positive experiences were greater access to learning materials and improved learner confidence. In contrast, limited supervision, and lack of assurance of participants’ engagement emerged as a negative VL experience. The components of critical thinking and problem-solving skills were unaffected by virtual case-based learning. However, the aspects of acquiring clinical and surgical skills emerged as a difficulty in accepting VL as a valid mode for attaining these competencies.

Conclusions:

To improve experiences of VL, participants’ drive, engagement, technological inadequacies, and instructional design should be optimized.
Thyroid Abscess: A Very Rare Entity in Child
Authors: Danaoui Kaoutar , Lakhdar Youssef , Fetoui Imane , Mrhar Soumia , El Fakiri Karima , Rada Noureddine , Draiss Ghizlane , Raji Abdelaziz , Bouskraoui Mohammed
Published: November 2024

Thyroid abscess is a very rare clinical entity, but potentially fatal emergency in the pediatric age group, with a mortality of 3.7%–9% in acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST), it is imperative to make a timely diagnosis and start treatment accordingly, it represents 0.1% of surgical pathologies of the thyroid. The anatomical and physiological characteristics of the gland provide it with resistance to pathogens. Recurrence is still exceptional. In this case report, we discuss a rare case of thyroid abscess in a 7-year-old girl revealing a piriform sinus fistula. Through this article, we attempt to stress the need for quick and accurate diagnosis and timely intervention to prevent complications as the condition is rare and unusual. The child presented to the pediatric emergency in January 2023 for a first episode of febrile torticollis the exploration objectified a thyroid abscess treated by probabilistic antibiotic therapy with good clinical and biological evolution, 6 months later, the child consulted again for the same symptomatology with febrile torticollis, dysphagia without signs of dysthyroidism, fever, and night sweats. Cervical computed tomography showed a mass occupying the left thyroid lobe. A cervical ultrasound showed heterogeneous hypoechoic collection; poorly limited. The biological assessment objectified a hyperleukocytosis in 19090 with a predominance of neutrophils with a C-reactive protein at 150 mg/l. The management was medical including intravenous antibiotic therapy based on amoxicillin–clavulanic acid and exploration by nasofibroscopy completed by hypopharyngoscopy showed a fistula of the piriform sinus. The treatment is based on surgery by cauterization of the sinus.
The Diagnostic Role of Antinuclear Antibody: A Study of Clinical Utility in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: AlMalki Hanan Hassan , AlJuman Abdulaziz Abdullah , Mobasher Wejdan Ali , AlOmair Mohammed Manea
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Various studies reported unnecessary and inappropriate serology testing of rheumatic diseases leading to a significant waste in healthcare utilization. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical utility of antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing in a real-world setting within a tertiary hospital for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other ANA-associated rheumatic diseases (AARDs), as well as to identify patient characteristics and test results that predict rheumatic disease association.

Subjects and Methods:

This is a retrospective study of patients aged 15 years or older who underwent ANA testing at Aseer Central Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022. Data collected included patient demographics, clinical presentations, referral physician type, ANA test results, and final diagnoses. Descriptive statistics characterized patient demographics and ANA test results. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of ANA testing were calculated for SLE and AARD diagnoses. Chi-squared test was used to identify the predictive values of AARDs.

Results:

Of the 2141 patients tested for ANA at Aseer Central Hospital, 583 (27.2%) tested positive, with a higher proportion of females (80.8%). Notably, 85.1% of patients who tested ANA positive were under 55 years old. The highest ANA test-positive proportion was noticed by rheumatologist physician’s referral (67.6%), referral symptoms including joint symptoms (38.3%), mucocutaneous symptoms (19.7%), renal disease symptoms (14.4%), and hematological abnormalities (14.2%). The sensitivity and specificity of ANA for diagnosing SLE were 86.4% and 79.3%, respectively, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 31.7% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 98.1%. The sensitivity and specificity of other AARDs were 85.4% and 73.9%, respectively, with a PPV of 6% and an NPV of 99.6%. Significant associated factors with AARDs included younger age (<55 years), female patients, higher ANA titer, rheumatologist referral, and clinical indications such as sicca symptoms, myopathy, mucocutaneous symptoms, and hematological abnormalities (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

In this study, ANA testing showed a good sensitivity and NPV in ruling out AARDs; however, its poor specificity and PPV suggest that positive ANA findings should be interpreted cautiously. Younger age, female gender, higher ANA titer, rheumatologist referral, and specific clinical indications were significantly associated with AARDs, suggesting the importance of targeted ANA testing in clinical practice.
Primary abandon-of-the-sac technique in laparoscopic inguinoscrotal hernia repair: A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Arrechea A. Ramiro , Rebzda Victoria S. , Medina José P. , Cerutti Roberto , Pirchi Daniel E.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Laparoscopic inguinoscrotal hernia repair is a challenging procedure. The surgeon must perform large dissections to reduce the hernial sac, although he has the alternative technique of leaving the sac at the deep inguinal orifice level from the beginning.

OBJECTIVE:

We aimed to determine the postoperative morbidity of laparoscopic inguinoscrotal hernia repair with the primary abandon-of-the-sac (PAS) technique and to compare it with complete dissection and reduction (CD). Operative times were compared as a secondary outcome.

METHODS:

A retrospective analysis was conducted between January 2021 and May 2022. The minimum follow-up was 3 months. Postoperative morbidity and operative times in the PAS group were analyzed and compared with those in the CD group.

RESULTS:

Seventy-eight patients were evaluated. The mean follow-up was 5 months (range, 3–18 months). PAS was performed in 15 patients, while the remaining 63 patients underwent CD. There were no significant differences in demographic and hernia characteristics. An overall morbidity of 30.7% was recorded. No statistical differences were observed in postoperative morbidity between the PAS group and the CD group (33.3% vs. 30.1%; P = 0.81). No statistical differences were found in terms of seromas (13.3% vs. 9.5%; P = 0.662), hematomas (6.6% vs. 9.5%; P = 0.727), or hydrocele (13.3% vs. 11.1%; P = 0.808). No recurrence or chronic pain was observed during the study period. Finally, a significantly shorter median operative time was recorded in the PAS group (50 vs. 80 min; P = 0.0026).

CONCLUSION:

The PAS technique is safe and feasible for the management of inguinoscrotal hernias. In our series, comparable morbidity rates were found when comparing it with CD. The benefit of the PAS technique is a significant reduction in operative time, despite the fact that it requires more postoperative ultrasounds.
Bicondylar Hoffa’s Fracture with Transverse Patella Fracture in an Adolescent Boy
Authors: Pinto Deepak John Victor , Mane Prajwal , Middha Ish , Umar Mohd
Published: November 2024

An early adolescent boy presented with an alleged history of road traffic accident sustaining a closed injury to the left knee. On X-ray and computed tomography imaging, he was diagnosed with left femur bicondylar Hoffa’s fracture with transverse patellar fracture. Hoffa’s fracture is described in adults and rarely occurs in the skeletally immature population and hence poses a dearth of knowledge about the treatment for the same. Our patient underwent open reduction and internal fixation. The patient was followed up regularly and achieved radiological union and good knee function.
Efficacy and safety of oral tofacitinib in vitiligo and its variants: A retrospective case series
Authors: Chandrashekar B. S. , Bharadwaj Apoorva V. , Chandar Abhijna
Published: November 2024

Background: Vitiligo is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by patchy depigmentation due to melanocyte loss, often leading to psychiatric morbidities. Emerging therapies like JAK inhibitors, like tofacitinib, target the autoimmune process underlying vitiligo by inhibiting the JAK-STAT pathway, potentially offering more effective and sustained repigmentation with fewer side effects. There is limited data on the dosing, efficacy, and safety of tofacitinib in treating vitiligo, particularly within the Indian population, beyond a few case reports and clinical trials. Aim: This study aims to retrospectively analyze the safety and efficacy of tofacitinib in vitiligo patients. Methods: This retrospective case series reviewed oral tofacitinib use in vitiligo patients from the Department of Dermatology, Cutis Hospital, Bengaluru, India, between January 2020 and August 2022. Data were collected on patient demographics, treatment history, clinical assessments, and laboratory investigations. Tofacitinib was administered at 5 mg twice daily, often combined with NB-UVB phototherapy. Results: The study included 20 patients (11 males and 9 females) aged 24–57 years. Disease duration varied from 1 to 20 years. Nine patients had more than 25% reduction in Vitiligo Area Severity Index when compared to baseline. No significant side effects were recorded, although some patients showed an increase in cholesterol and triglycerides. Conclusion: Tofacitinib shows promise as a targeted therapy for vitiligo with a favorable safety profile. Despite limited data, initial results indicate significant efficacy, particularly when combined with phototherapy. Further research is needed to validate these findings, especially in the Indian population, to establish comprehensive treatment guidelines for JAK inhibitors in vitiligo.
Unveiling tyrosinase inhibitors: current challenges and future directions in hyperpigmentation therapy
Authors: Goyal Tarang , Sehgal Sumit , Sidhu Parneet , Relhan Vineet
Published: November 2024

An ideal topical depigmenting agent acts quickly, and it selectively targets the melanocytes with appreciable clinical efficacy and tolerability. Traditionally, tyrosinase inhibitors (Tyri) such as kojic acid, hydroquinone and arbutin have been used both as treatment agents and reference molecules for evaluating new depigmenting agents. Amongst thousands of depigmenting molecules, only few have been successfully incorporated into topical depigmenting formulations but that too with limited clinical efficacy. To understand the paradox between in vivo and in vitro efficacy of available agents, this article focusses on the testing systems for depigmenting molecules, accepted mechanism of actions, and their lesser-known effects contributing to efficacy/side effects.
Finite-dimensional approximations of certain amalgamated free products of groups
Authors: Schafhauser Christopher
Published: November 2024

A group is called matricial field (MF) if it admits finite-dimensional approximate unitary representations which are approximately faithful and approximately contained in the left regular representation. This paper provides a new class of MF groups by showing that given two amenable groups with a common normal subgroup, the amalgamated free product is MF.
Восстановление функций из $p$-ичных классов типа Соболева и Коробова с малыми параметрами гладкости
Authors: Kashina Alisa Dmitrievna , Plotnikov Mikhail Gennadevich
Published: November 2024

Рассматриваются задачи о точном и приближенном восстановлении
интегрируемых функций по их значениям на множестве малой меры.
В качестве классов функций берутся $p$-ичные аналоги классов
Соболева и Коробова с малыми параметрами гладкости.
Библиография: 15 названий.
Средняя размерность пространств сдвигов и их подпространств
Authors: Vinogradov Oleg Leonidovich
Published: November 2024

В работе вычисляется средняя размерность
некоторых подпространств пространств $L_p(\mathbb{R})$,
определяемых с помощью равноотстоящих сдвигов одной
функции. Как следствие, рассматриваемые подпространства
оказываются экстремальны в некоторых задачах среднеквадратичных приближений
классов сверток в смысле теории поперечников.
Библиография: 13 названий.
Обратная задача определения коэффициента поглощения в многомерном
неравномерно параболическом уравнении
Authors: Kamynin Vitaly Leonidovich
Published: November 2024

Доказана однозначная разрешимость обратной задачи определения зависящего
от $x$ младшего коэффициента в неравномерно параболическом уравнении
со многими независимыми переменными в ограниченной области. В качестве
дополнительного условия задается условие интегрального наблюдения. Также
получены оценки решения с константами, которые явно выписаны через входные
данные обратной задачи. Приведен пример обратных задач, для которых применимы
доказанные в работе результаты.
Библиография: 22 названий.
Конечные группы с обобщенно субнормальными $\mathfrak{F}$-критическими подгруппами
Authors: Wang Sizhe , Liu A. M. , Safonov Vasily Grigorevich , Skiba Alexander Nikolaevich
Published: November 2024

Пусть $G$ - конечная группа и $A$ - некоторая ее подгруппа.
Пусть $A_{\operatorname{sn}G}$ - подгруппа $A$,
порожденная всеми субнормальными подгруппами группы $G$,
содержащимися в $A$, и $A^{\operatorname{sn}G}$ - пересечение
всех субнормальных подгруппы группы $G$, содержащих $A$.
Пусть $N\leqslant G$. Тогда мы говорим, что $A$ $N$-субнормальна
в $G$, если $N$ изолирует каждый композиционный фактор $H/K$
группы $G$ между $A_{\operatorname{sn}G}$ и $A^{\operatorname{sn}G}$, т.е. $N\cap H= N\cap K$. В данной работе мы даем приложения $N$-субнормальности
в теории групп с заданными $\mathfrak{F}$-критическими подгруппами.
В частности, используя это понятие, мы даем новые характеризации
конечных разрешимых, метанильпотентных групп и групп
с нильпотентной производной подгруппой $G'$.
Библиография: 26 названий.
О конструкциях, образованных на окружности вычетами по заданному модулю
Authors: Korolev Maxim Aleksandrovich
Published: November 2024

В работе исследуется распределение суммарной длины хорд единичной окружности, соединяющих вершины правильного $q$-угольника с номерами $k$ и $ak^{2} (\operatorname{mod} q)$, $k=1,2,…, q$, в случае, когда $q$ - простое число, а величина $a$ пробегает полную систему вычетов по модулю $q$.
Библиография: 13 названий.
Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine tumors: The quest for evidence
Authors: Cives Mauro , Porta Camillo , Palmirotta Raffaele
Published: November 2024

Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) are rare mixed tumors containing both neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine components that occupy at least 30% of the whole tumor. Biologically, both components appear to derive from an identical cellular precursor undergoing early dual differentiation or late transdifferentiation. While our understanding of MiNENs has improved in recent years, many areas of uncertainty remain. In this context, setting diagnostic criteria capable of capturing the continuum of disease biology while providing clinically meaningful information in terms of prognosis and response to treatments appears vital to advance the field and improve patients’ outcomes. Evidence is needed to generate robust classification schemes, and multi-institutional cooperation will likely play a crucial role in building adequately powered cohorts to address some of the most pressing questions discussed in this Editorial. What is the minimum representation for each component needed to define MiNENs? How can the epidemiology of MiNENs change according to different diagnostic definitions? How can we generate the clinical evidence needed to optimize the management of MiNENs?
Critical considerations for the management of gastrointestinal mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms and pure neuroendocrine carcinomas
Authors: Pavlidis Efstathios T , Galanis Ioannis N , Pavlidis Theodoros E
Published: November 2024

Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms constitute rare tumors that are located mainly in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and have high degrees of malignancy, and the frequency of these tumors has been increasing. They consist of a neuroendocrine neoplastic component with another component of adenocarcinoma usually and have a dismal prognosis. The rare GI pure neuroendocrine carcinoma is highly aggressive and requires complex and extensive management since a genetic distinction exists between it and GI non-neuroendocrine neoplasms, which are generally slow-growing lesions. The most common GI-mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms are colorectal, followed by gastric, mainly in the gastroesophageal junction. Current imaging modalities of nuclear medicine and radiology play important roles in the accuracy of diagnosis. Liquid biopsy may contribute to early detection and timely diagnosis. Ultrasonography, either endoscopic or abdominal, is a technique that contributes to a diagnosis; additionally, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is very helpful in follow-up appointments. Histopathology establishes a definite diagnosis and stage by evaluating the cell differentiation grade and the cell proliferation index Ki67. The genetic profile can be valuable in diagnosis and gene therapy. Surgical resection with wide lymphadenectomy, whenever possible, and adjuvant chemotherapy constitute the main therapeutic management strategies. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy achieve encouraging results.
Prognostic utility of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio in patients with solitary hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy
Authors: Yang Cheng-Kun , Wei Zhong-Liu , Shen Xiao-Qiang , Jia Yu-Xuan , Wu Qiong-Yuan , Wei Yong-Guang , Su Hao , Qin Wei , Liao Xi-Wen , Zhu Guang-Zhi , Peng Tao
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

The prognostic impact of preoperative gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio (GPR) levels in patients with solitary hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following radical resection has not been established.

AIM

To examine the clinical utility of GPR for prognosis prediction in solitary HBV-related HCC patients.

METHODS

A total of 1167 solitary HBV-related HCC patients were retrospectively analyzed. GPR levels were compared with 908 non-HCC individuals. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were evaluated, and cox proportional hazard model analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors. Differences in characteristics were adjusted by propensity score matching (PSM). Subgroup and stratified survival analyses for HCC risks were performed, and a linear trend of the hazard ratio (HR) according to GPR levels was constructed.

RESULTS

GPR levels of patients with solitary HBV-related HCC were higher than those with hepatic hemangiomas, chronic hepatitis B and healthy control (adjusted P < 0.05). Variable bias was diminished after the PSM balance test. The low GPR group had improved OS (P < 0.001) and RFS (P < 0.001) in the PSM analysis and when combined with other variables. Multivariate cox analyses suggested that low GPR levels were associated with a better OS (HR = 0.5, 95%CI: 0.36-0.7, P < 0.001) and RFS (HR = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.44-0.73, P < 0.001). This same trend was confirmed in subgroup analyses. Prognostic nomograms were constructed and the calibration curves showed that GPR had good survival prediction. Moreover, stratified survival analyses found that GPR > 0.6 was associated with a worse OS and higher recurrence rate (P for trend < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

Preoperative GPR can serve as a noninvasive indicator to predict the prognosis of patients with solitary HBV-related HCC.
Efficacy and safety of transhepatic arterial chemoembolization with drug-loaded microspheres in unresectable primary liver cancer
Authors: Deng Jun , Mi Yan-Hong , Xie Le , Sun Xiong-Xing , Liu Dan-Hong , Long Hua-Jun , He Li-Yong , Wu Da-Hua , Shang Hong-Cai
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Transhepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE), as a local treatment, has been widely used in the treatment of unresectable liver cancer. The introduction of drug carrier microspheres has brought new hope for the therapeutic effect of TACE. Microspheres can realize the slow release and directional delivery of drugs, reduce systemic toxicity and improve local curative effect.

AIM

To compare the effectiveness of traditional transcatheter arterial chemoembolization against microsphere-assisted transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma that is incurable.

METHODS

We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases for clinical trials of drug-luting beads TACE (DEB-TACE) vs conventional TACE (cTACE) for the treatment of unresectable liver cancer. We screened references based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and then selected valid data for meta-analysis using RevMan 53 software. The complete response (CR) rate, partial response (PR) rate, postoperative stable disease (SD) rate, and 6-month and 12-month survival rates were compared.

RESULTS

A total of 12 articles were included, including 1177 patients, 519 of whom received DEB-TACE and 658 of whom received cTACE. The CR rate in the DEB-TACE group was much greater than that in the cTACE group [relative risk (RR) = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.18–1.72, P = 0.0002]. The 12-month survival rate significantly increased (RR = 1.09; 95%CI: 1.01- 1.17, P = 0.03); the PR rate (RR = 1.13; 95%CI: 0.97-1.30, P = 0.12); the SD rate (RR = 0.82; 95%CI: 0.64-1.05, P = 0.12); and the 6-month survival rate (RR = 1.05; 95%CI: 1.00-1.10, P = 0.07). There was no significant difference (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Compared with those of iodized oil TACE, the drug-loaded microspheres tended to have therapeutic advantages.
Signet-ring cell carcinoma of the transverse colon in a 10-year-old girl: A case report
Authors: Lv Ling , Song Yuan-Hua , Gao Yan , Pu Shuang-Qiong , A Zhi-Xiang , Wu Hong-Fang , Zhou Jun , Xie Yu-Cheng
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a rare subtype of colorectal cancer. The incidence of primary colonic SRCC is relatively rare in pediatric patients, with a limited number of reported cases currently available. The prognosis for this specific tumor type is unfavorable, and the preoperative diagnosis presents challenges, potentially leading to misdiagnosis. This case report describes the diagnosis of primary SRCC in the colon of a 10-year-old girl.

CASE SUMMARY

The patient was admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain and vomiting. A computed tomography scan revealed an irregular mass with soft tissue density in her transverse colon, showing uneven density and multiple calcifications. The patient underwent surgical resection of the affected bowel and lymph node dissection, which was confirmed by pathological examination to be SRCC infiltrating both nerves and the entire intestinal wall. Additionally, tumor thrombus formation was observed in blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, multiple cancerous nodules were found in the omentum, and metastasis to 18 of 26 mesenteric lymph nodes examined. Immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair gene protein demonstrated microsatellite stability. No mutations in KRAS , NRAS , BRAF , or PIK3CA genes were detected through molecular pathology analysis. After surgery, she received standard chemotherapy for 8 cycles without tumor progression or other abnormalities during a 12-month follow-up period.

CONCLUSION

Primary colonic SRCC is a rare malignant tumor with atypical clinical symptoms, and timely identification and intervention are crucial for improving the prognosis.
Advancing hepatocellular carcinoma treatment with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy
Authors: Caliskan Yildirim Eda , Ergun Yakup
Published: November 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major challenge in oncology, being a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Early-stage HCC is typically treated with surgical resection, transplantation, or ablation, while advanced-stage HCC relies on systemic therapies like sorafenib and newer combinations such as atezolizumab-bevacizumab. Despite these advancements, there is still a need for effective treatments for unresectable HCC, especially in cases with macroscopic vascular invasion. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) has demonstrated promising outcomes in Asia for the treatment of unresectable HCC, yet its application in Western countries has been relatively limited. This letter reviews the recent meta-analysis by Zhou et al published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology , which demonstrates the efficacy and safety of HAIC vs sorafenib. The analysis includes 9 randomized controlled trials and 35 cohort studies, highlighting significant improvements in overall survival, progression-free survival, and objective response rates with HAIC and its combinations. The editorial explores the reasons behind the limited use of HAIC in Western countries. It underscores the potential of HAIC to enhance treatment outcomes for advanced HCC and calls for more research and broader adoption of HAIC in clinical practice globally.
Timely identification and treatment of uterine artery pseudoaneurysm after hysteroscopic procedures
Authors: Byeon Haewon
Published: November 2024

Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm (UAP) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication that can occur following hysteroscopic surgery for endometrial polyp resection. This article discusses the case study by Kakinuma et al , which highlights the successful diagnosis and treatment of UAP in a 48-year-old primiparous woman. Utilizing advanced imaging techniques such as ultrasound and computed tomography (CT), the medical team was able to promptly identify the UAP and subsequently perform a uterine artery embolization to treat the condition. The study underscores the critical need for rapid diagnosis and intervention to prevent severe outcomes and provides practical clinical recommendations for managing similar cases. This article aims to expand on the study’s findings, discuss the clinical implications, and suggest future research directions to optimize the management of UAP post-hysteroscopic surgery.
Current efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Dias E Silva Douglas , Borad Mitesh , Uson Junior Pedro Luiz Serrano
Published: November 2024

Newer systemic therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have led to growing interest in combining hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) with systemic treatments. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of HAIC and combination therapies in treating advanced HCC, a network meta-analysis was conducted by Zhou et al . The study included data from 44 articles. HAIC was superior in overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and response rates compared to transarterial chemoembolization and sorafenib. Moreover, combinations of HAIC with other treatments and single agents (e.g. , lenvatinib, ablation, anti-programmed cell death 1 therapy, radiotherapy) provided better OS and PFS outcomes than HAIC alone. In this editorial, we will discuss the study findings, the strengths and weaknesses of the metanalysis, and future advances in the field of HAIC for advanced HCC.
Crosslink among cyclin-dependent kinase 9, ATP binding cassette transporter G2 and Beclin 1 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Shao Zhong-Bao , He Ke , Su Yu-Bin , Shi Zhi
Published: November 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in the number of cancers mainly because of the inability to diagnose it at an early stage. The pathogenesis of CRC is complicated, which is the result of the complex interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Currently, one of the main treatments for CRC is chemotherapy. But the primary cause of CRC treatment failure is drug resistance. The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) was correlated with elevated autophagy levels in colon cancer, and high expression of CDK9 indicates a poor prognosis in CRC. The incidence of autophagy and the expressions of Beclin 1 and ATP binding cassette transporter G2 are different in left and right colon cancer, and autophagy may be involved in the occurrence of chemotherapy resistance. In this article, the roles of CDK9, ATP binding cassette transporter G2 and Beclin 1 in CRC were elucidated, emphasizing the linkages among them and providing potential therapeutic targets of CRC.
AminoApp: The First Brazilian Application for Dietary Monitoring of Inborn Errors of Metabolism in Patients on a Low-Protein Diet
Authors: Franceschetto Bianca Fasolo , Orlandi Júlia Montim , Rosa Wanessa de Carvalho , Scortegagna Mariana Lima , Farret Lilia , Schwartz Ida V. D. , Poloni Soraia
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Disorders of amino acid metabolism fall under the category of inborn errors of metabolism that can be managed with a protein-restricted diet. However, adherence to such a diet often poses challenges, leading to low treatment engagement. Consequently, there is a pressing need for new resources to aid in dietary self-monitoring. The goal is to develop and implement “AminoApp,” an application tailored for dietary self-monitoring in patients with inborn errors of metabolism who are on a low-protein diet.Methods: The design and development of the application adhered to the user-centered design method. This approach emphasizes active participation and collaboration between users and designers/researchers throughout all stages of product development, including requirement gathering, prototype development, and evaluation. Usability was evaluated using the System Usability Scale, which has been validated in Portuguese.Results: The application’s features include a food diary, a food consultation area, exam records, a recipe calculator, and reports on diet composition and metabolic control. The usability test included four patients on a low-protein diet, three caregivers, and three healthcare professionals. The average usability score was 84.9, with averages of 77.5 for patients, 85.8 for caregivers, and 91.6 for professionals, indicating that the application is user-friendly.Conclusions: AminoApp is the first application developed in Brazil designed to assist in managing inborn errors of metabolism that require a protein-restricted diet. It was found to be easy to use, and the initial results are promising. Further research is necessary to evaluate the impact of the application on metabolic control and treatment adherence.
Recent Developments on Aluminum 7075-Based Composite with Industrial
Waste Fly Ash by Stir Casting and Their Applications
Authors: Kumar Randhir , Mondal Sharifuddin
Published: November 2024

Recent developments in manufacturing techniques and the development of Al7075
metal matrix composites (MMCs) with reinforcements derived from industrial waste
have been steadily gaining popularity for aerospace and automobile applications
due to their outstanding properties. However, there are still a lot of
limitations with these composite materials. A great deal of research has been
done to create new Al7075 MMC materials with the use of economic fly ash (FA)
that possesses superior mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, density,
and cycle cost. This review outlines different synthesis techniques used in the
development of Al7075 MMCs using stir casting. Effects of FA along with other
reinforcements on the mechanical, wear, machining, and microstructural
properties of the composite are also discussed. Finally, a summary of the
application of FA-based MMCs and a recap of the previous discoveries and
challenges are reported. Future scope and potential areas of application are
also discussed. This will inspire the potential researchers to understand the
benefits of using FA as a reinforcement and carry out researches on this area
that will be beneficial for the society economically as well as
environmentally.
Performance Optimization of Ti-Steel Laser-Welded Joints Based on
Optimized Support Vector Machine and Multi-Objective Salp Swarm
Algorithm
Authors: Zhu Yubin , Meng Xiangli , Zhang Xinran
Published: November 2024

The dissimilar welding of titanium to steel enables the integration of the
advantageous properties of both metals, facilitating the design of lightweight,
corrosion-resistant, and high-strength multifunctional composite structures.
However, significant differences in their thermophysical properties pose
substantial technical challenges in practical welding scenarios, necessitating
careful selection of process parameters to enhance the quality and performance
of the weld joint. This article establishes a support vector machine (SVM) model
with laser power, welding speed, and laser spot diameter as independent
variables, and the maximum residual stress and minimum yield strength of the
weld joint as dependent variables. To improve prediction accuracy, the SVM model
is optimized using the beluga whale optimization (BWO) algorithm. Taking the
established model as the objective function, the multi-objective salp swarm
algorithm (MSSA) is employed to optimize the laser welding process parameters
for titanium–steel dissimilar metal welding. Simulation experiments validate the
efficacy of this optimization approach.
Comparative Investigations of Tool Wear and Cutting Force for Wet and
Dry Turning of Super Duplex Stainless Steels 2507
Authors: Sonawane Gaurav Dinkar , Bachhav Radhey
Published: November 2024

Super Duplex Stainless Steels (SDSS) are attracting attentions of the
manufacturing industries due to the excellent corrosion resistance to critical
corrosion. But SDSS2507 is the hardest to machine with lowest machinability
index among DSS family. Moreover, formation of built-up layer (BUL) and work
hardening tendency makes it further difficult to machine. Researchers have the
conflict in opinions on using wet machining or dry machining using tool
coatings. In this investigation SDSS2507 machining is carried out using uncoated
and PVD–TiAlSiN-coated tools. The wet and dry machining environment are compared
for increase in cutting speed from 170 m/min to 230 m/min. Excellent properties
of PVD–TiAlSiN coatings exhibited microhardness of 39 GPa and adhesion strength
of 88 N, which outperformed the uncoated tools. Tool life exhibited by coated
tools was four times higher than uncoated tools. Wet machining was found to be
ineffective when PVD-coated tools are used, exhibiting the same performance as
that of dry machining. Dry machining can be preferred for the machining SDSS2507
with PVD–TiAlSiN-coated tools, eliminating the cost of cutting fluids with
enhanced productivity.
Numerical Thermal Modeling and Analysis of Dry Sliding Contacts
between Copper-Graphite and Bronze-Graphite
Authors: Mouadji Youcef , Younes Rassim , Khima Salim , Bradai Mohand Amokrane , Bouchoucha Ali , Hadidi Haitham
Published: November 2024

Modeling the thermal behavior of dry sliding contacts is complex due to nonlinear
thermal boundary conditions and intricate surface interactions. This study
reviews and analyzes various thermal models applicable to dry sliding contacts,
employing finite element analysis-based numerical simulations for model
validation and deeper insights into the system’s physics. The primary goal is to
assess the average contact temperatures in sliding pairs of copper-graphite,
bronze-graphite, and graphite-graphite.

A thermal model is developed, incorporating experimentally measured temperatures
taken 2 mm from the contact point and considering the experimental setup’s
boundary conditions. The temperature distribution in both the pin and the disc
under different loads shows maximum temperatures at the contact point,
decreasing with distance both laterally and in depth, reaching a minimum at the
outer edges. Results show that the highest temperatures are observed at the
contact points, with temperatures decreasing away from these points. The
discussion focuses on the interfacial phenomena during the operation of these
sliding pairs and the numerical calculation results, which highlight significant
variations in temperature distributions and frictional heat generation based on
material pairings and operating conditions.
Aluminum Alloy, Plate, 6.2Zn - 1.8Cu - 2.4Mg - 0.13Zr (7010-T7651), Solution Heat Treated, Stress Relieved, and Precipitation Heat Treated
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: November 2024

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of plate 0.250 to 5.500 inch (6.35 to 139.70 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.5).
Titanium Alloy, Round Bar and Wire, 3AI - 8V - 6Cr - 4Mo - 4Zr, Consumable Electrode Melted, Solution Heat Treated and Cold Drawn
Authors:   AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Published: November 2024

This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of round bar and wire 0.625 inch (15.88 mm) and under in nominal diameter or thickness (see 8.7).
Coupling Assembly, V-Band, Sheet Metal Flange, Pneumatic Tube
Authors:   G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Published: November 2024

This specification defines the requirements for a grooved clamp coupling and flanges suitable for joining intermediate pressure and temperature ducting in aircraft air systems. The rigid coupling joint assembly, hereafter referred to as "the joint", shall operate within the temperature range of -65 °F to +800 °F.
Test Method for Evaluating the Electrochemical Resistance of Coolant System Hoses and Materials
Authors:   Non-Hydraulic Hose Committee
Published: November 2024

This test method provides a standardized procedure for evaluating the electrochemical resistance of automotive coolant hose and materials. Electrochemical degradation has been determined to be a major cause of EPDM coolant system hose failures. The test method consists of a procedure which induces voltage to a test specimen while it is exposed to a water/coolant solution. Method #1, referred to as a “Brabolyzer” test, is a whole hose test. Method #2, referred to as a “U” tube test, uses cured plate samples or plates prepared from tube material removed from hose (Method No. 2 is intended as a screening test only). Any test parameters other than those specified in this SAE Recommended Practice, are to be agreed to by the tester and the requester.
Hydraulic Motor Test Procedures
Authors:   CTTC C1, Hydraulic Systems
Published: November 2024

This test code describes tests for determining characteristics of hydraulic positive displacement motors as used on off-road self-propelled work machines as referenced in SAE J1116.
Evaluation Criteria for Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) Processes
Authors:   G-11M, Maintainability, Supportability and Logistics
Published: November 2024

This SAE Standard for reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) is intended for use by any organization that has or makes use of physical assets or systems that it wishes to manage responsibly.
Assessment and Technical Constraint Identification of Smallholder Irrigation Pump in Arsi and East Shewa Zone, Oromia
Authors: Ahmed Bayan , Tilaye Asnake
Published: November 2024

Efficient irrigation begins with properly installed and maintained pumps, motors, and engines. For this, the study was conducted on potential irrigation pump users of the Arsi and East Shewa zones with the objective of identifying the technical constraints of smallholder irrigation pump users. Doddota from Arsi and Dugda and Bora woreda from the East Shewa zone were selected. 211 samples size from 2321 pump users were used for data collection. The constraints listed by respondents, like pump damage, pump cost, long priming, and fuel, were the most common bottlenecks in pump irrigation schemes. Pump damage was positively correlation with use of un-recommended suction and delivery head, age of pump, long priming time and continues operation time but negatively correlation with pump maintenance, experience in irrigation farming and educational level of the household. Long priming and fuel consumption was positively (+Ve) correlation with use of un-recommended suction and delivery head, age of pump, operation time and pump size. From the existing pump type respondent responses, KAMA pumps were highly available on the market, vulnerable to damage, and had sufficient spare parts with values of 60.66, 64.45 and 44.08%, respectively. The lowest were Cushion their values were 1.42%, 3.32% and 3.78%, respectively. The respondents also reply, due to absence of governmental pump maintaining organization, cost of maintenance at local and private garage were very expensive (68.25%) and expensive (26.07%). This makes another problem on small holder irrigation pump. Therefore it is recommended to government to add pump maintaining structure at engineering center which serves' closely to scheme users and providing regular training on maintenance checklist. It is also recommended for engineering and socio-economic researchers to conduct research collaboratively to assess the gap frequently for other kebele pump user and technical performance evaluation for pump that have problems.
Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles via Bioinspired Utilization of Plant Waste Extract and their Characterization
Authors: Gandhi Ruchita , Koche Dipak
Published: November 2024

Over the past few years, agricultural science has ventured into various novel products and technologies, with metal nanoparticles emerging as highly promising tools. They are anticipated to play an important role in modern agricultural practices. As a result, there is an urgent demand for an eco-friendly, safe, and non-toxic approach to tackle the challenges faced in agriculture and the food industry. Furthermore, waste management presents a challenge in both the agricultural and food industries. Citrus sinensis peels, being among the most underutilized and widely available bio-waste residues, present a significant challenge in waste management for the food industry. The present study addresses this issue by demonstrating the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using extract derived from Citrus sinensis fruit peels. The peel extract serves both as a reducing agent and a precursor for nanoparticle synthesis. Verification of ZnO NPs synthesis was achieved through UV-visible spectroscopy, indicating a distinct peak in between 300-400 nm. Additionally, comprehensive characterization of these bioinspired green-synthesized nanoparticles was conducted using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) facilitated the examination of particle morphology and size distribution, revealing irregularly shaped crystals predominating among the synthesized nanoparticles. The presence of ZnO NPs was further confirmed through X-ray diffraction analysis detecting the average NPs size of about 48nm. On the basis of their size, the synthesized ZnO NPs could be utilized effectively for their medicinal as well as agricultural applications.
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR REMOTE CONTROL OF MEDIUM VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ED RUMA
Authors:   „Elektrodistribucija Srbije“, Novi Sad, Srbija, Vladisavljević Đorđe , Dubačkić Slavko ,   „Elektrodistribucija Srbije“, Novi Sad, Srbija, Bošković Aleksandar ,   „Elektrodistribucija Srbije“, Novi Sad, Srbija
Published: November 2024

Telecommunications system for data transmission within the remote control system of the medium-voltage distribution network of ED Ruma enables efficient and reliable data transfer between the control center and various types of power facilities. To implement this system, a digital packet radio operating in the UHF frequency range is used. This radio equipment is primarily designed for data transmission, eliminating the need for additional equipment such as modems or protocol converters. The system consists of two base radio stations and one repeater. Base radio stations are connected to the SCADA server via the existing broadband network of Elektrodistribucija Srbije. Remote radio stations are located in the cabinet of the remote station and are connected via serial or Ethernet port, depending on the type of remote station.
The Relationship Between Soft Skills And Daily Performance Values Of Problem Based Learning Of Students Of The Faculty Of Medicine, Swadaya University Gunung Jati
Authors: Cevy Fadhila Alfiyyah , Setiya Sulistiyana Catur , Rahadiani Permana Ouve
Published: November 2024

Soft skills are an important attribute in medical practice. PBL is one of the learning methods used by the UGJ Faculty of Medicine, where the assessment process and rubric have adapted soft skills. It is important to know whether there is a relationship between soft skills and the daily PBL performance scores of FK UGJ students. Knowing the relationship between soft skills and the daily PBL performance value of FK UGJ students. This study uses descriptive studies, including analytical observational research, primary data in the form of questionnaires, and secondary data in the form of an archive of PBL performance values. 95.4% (228) of the 239 respondents had sufficient problem-solving soft skills, 97.9% (234) of the 239 respondents had sufficient initiative soft skills, 94.6% (226) of the 239 respondents had sufficient soft skills of integrity, 92.1% (220) of the 239 respondents had sufficient communication soft skills, 88.3% (211) of the 239 respondents had sufficient teamwork soft skills. PBL performance values show quite wide variations. Most students score between 35.0 - 40.0. The results of the research show that there is a significant relationship between the five aspects of soft skills and the daily PBL performance scores of FK UGJ students. There is a significant relationship between the five aspects of soft skills and the daily PBL performance scores of FK UGJ students
LUMINI PACKAGE FOR AB INITIO MODELING OF DOSIMETRIC EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Yavorskyi P.V.
Published: November 2024

The paper presents the capabilities of the new Lumini code for ab initio modeling of dosimeter efficiency parameters. It is based on a scaling method that allows unifying the parameters of the kinetic model of the dosimeter without the numerous approximations used to interpret experimental results of thermal-, phosphorescence, and partial illumination of irradiated semiconductors. For the first time, the Monte Carlo method was used to consider the influence of statistical fluctuations in the energy and kinetic parameters of the model on the dosimetric parameters of typical dosimeters. As a first step, the data of Lumini's interpretation of the experimental TLD spectra of 500K dosimeters irradiated on the M-30 microtron was discussed.