bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Everyday engineering: The effects of transformative experience in middle school engineering
Authors: Heddy Benjamin C. , Danielson Robert W. , Ross Kelly , Goldman Jacqueline A.
Published: April 2023

Background

Promoting engagement and motivation in early engineering experiences is important for fostering interest and retention in engineering. One method that has been effective for doing so is facilitating transformative experiences (TEs), which occurs when students apply academic content to everyday experience. Our goal was to explore the effectiveness of an intervention to encourage TE, positive emotions, and interest in middle school engineering courses in two differentially resourced schools.

Purpose/Hypothesis

We explored the effectiveness of using the video software Flipgrid as a supplement to a TE intervention to impact TE, emotions, and interest. In addition, we sought to model a theorized predictive relationship between TE, emotions, and interest.

Design/Method

Two hundred seventy‐four engineering students across two middle schools with differing levels of resources participated. A cluster‐randomized pretest–posttest survey design was used to explore the variables of interest. ANOVA and SEM were implemented to investigate the research questions and hypotheses.

Results

We found mixed results, with the intervention facilitating significantly more TEs and maintaining high levels of positive emotions in a school with access to fewer resources. Furthermore, in alignment with hypotheses about interest development (Renninger and Su, Oxford handbook of human motivation 2012; pp. 167–187), the results showed that initial positive and negative emotions predicted initial interest and post‐TE. However, only post‐positive emotions and post‐TE predicted post‐interest. Negative emotions after the intervention did not predict post‐intervention interest.

Conclusions

The findings have theoretical implications for interest development and practical implications for targeted interventions in early engineering education, especially for schools with access to fewer resources.
π‐hole bonding: A new retention mechanism for the solid phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the hexane extracts of soil samples
Authors: Wang Li , Wang Xiao Nan , Luo Si Yan , Xu Shao Nan , Lv Ji Fang , Yan Xiao Qing
Published: April 2023

In this work, the perfluorobenzene‐bonded silica sorbent was tested to adsorb polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in hexane. In the comparison experiments, the perfluorobenzene‐bonded sorbent's performance was better than octadecyl silica sorbent and phenyl‐bonded silica sorbents, which indicated that the π‐hole···π bonds between perfluorobenzene and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were stronger than π···π interactions and hydrophobic interactions in hexane. Then the perfluorobenzene‐bonded silica sorbent was applied to solid‐phase extraction of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the hexane extracts of soil samples directly without the solvent replacement, which simplified the soil pretreatment process. And the results showed that under the optimal conditions, the proposed method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment soil presented good recoveries and stabilities for the 10 heavier polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with the recoveries ranging from 75.1% to 104.6% and the relative standard deviations being in the range of 1.4%–5.8%. The limits of detection of the method varied from 0.1 to 2 ng/g. This work reveals the great application potential of the π‐hole bond as a new retention mechanism in the field of solid‐phase extraction.
A New Method for Gain Calculation in Quantified Visuo‐vestibular Interaction Test
Authors: Soriano‐Reixach Maria M. , Rey‐Martínez Jorge A. , Garcia‐Martin Mikel , Trinidad‐Ruiz Gabriel , Altuna Xabier
Published: April 2023

Objective

To develop a new method to quantify visually‐enhanced vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VVOR) gain, in patients with vestibular function loss, that is mathematically suitable given the nature of the test, and determine the reliability of the method by comparing results with those of the gold standard, the video head impulse test (vHIT).

Materials and Methods

We developed a new method for VVOR gain quantification and conducted a cross‐sectional study in patients diagnosed with vestibular function loss and controls, all participants undergoing both a VVOR test and a vHIT. We measured VVOR gain with three different methods: area under the curve (AUC), slope regression, and a Fourier method (VVORAUC, VVORSP, and VVORFR, respectively); and compared these gain values with vHIT gain calculated using the AUC method.

Results

Overall, 111 patients were included: 29 healthy subjects and 82 patients with vestibular function loss. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC(1,1)) between gain from the gold standard and each of the VVOR gain methods were: 0.68 (CI: 0.61–0.75) for VVORAUC, 0.66 (CI: 0.58–0.73) for VVORSP and 0.71 (CI: 0.64–0.77) for VVORFR. No interference was found between VVOR gain calculation methods and potentially influential variables considered (p ≥ 0.98).

Conclusion

The new method for quantifying VVOR gain showed good concordance with the vHIT method.

Level of Evidence

2: Individual cross‐sectional studies with consistently applied reference standard and blinding (Diagnosis) Laryngoscope, 133:3554–3563, 2023
A high‐performance microstrip bandpass filtering coupler with low‐loss and compact size
Authors: Rezaei Abbas , Yahya Salah I. , Nouri Leila
Published: April 2023

In this letter, novel spiral‐coupled transmission lines are used to obtain a high‐performance microstrip coupler. The advantages of the proposed microstrip coupler are novel structure, filtering frequency response, suppressed harmonics up to second harmonics, transmission poles, low losses, compact size, and good phase balance. The proposed structure is novel and different from the previous coupler designs such as rate‐races, rings, and branch‐lines types. It is presented for the first time in this work with a very small size and good performance. The size of this coupler is only 82.6 mm2 (0.004 λg2). The common port return loss is 33 dB and the insertion losses at port 2 and port 3 are 2.2 and 2.7 dB, respectively. To prove the accuracy of the design method and simulation results, the proposed coupler is fabricated and measured where the measurement results confirm the simulation results and the proposed design method.
Compact substrate‐integrated waveguide filtering multiple‐input multiple‐output magnetic dipole antenna with high selectivity and high isolation
Authors: Li Qun , Xiao Shaoqiu
Published: April 2023

A compact substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) filtering multiple‐input multiple‐output magnetic dipole antenna with high selectivity and high isolation is proposed. Each filtering antenna element contains a SIW cavity, a half‐mode SIW cavity, and a magnetic dipole antenna with backed ground. Meanwhile, the SIW cavity and the half‐mode SIW cavity are vertically connected through magnetic coupling, and second‐order filtering frequency responses can be obtained. Owing to the cross‐coupling between the feeding line and antenna, two radiation nulls can be created to realize high selectivity. Based on the radiation mechanism of the magnetic dipole antenna and polarization diversity, high isolation can be obtained. The measured isolation and the envelope correlation coefficient are greater than 24 dB and less than 0.004, respectively.
Compact planar meta‐lenses for nondiffracting surface wave deflection
Authors: Zhou Jie , Lu Ping , Luo Linkai , Liu Qian , Lei Enpu , Huang Kama , Song Chaoyun
Published: April 2023

A novel planar lens structure is proposed by using metasurfaces to convert cylindrical‐like surface wave to inclined nondiffracting wave with a deflection angle. Based on the geometric optics, the refractive index distribution of the surface wave lens is derived. A square metal ring‐shaped metasurface cell is used for realizing small refractive index whilst two opposite E‐shaped metal patches are used to form the meta‐cell with large refractive index. By adjusting the size of meta‐cells, the desired refractive index distribution is obtained after optimization. Measured results show that the inclined nondiffractive surface wave can be achieved with the maximum propagation distance of 99.72 mm at the tilted angle of 26.8°, which are consistent with the full‐wave simulation and numerical calculation results. The proposed meta‐lens achieves compact size, large titled angle, and long nondiffraction propagation distance, therefore could be well utilized in surface wave communication and nondestructive detection of surface defects.
Blickpunkt Biowissenschaften: Malaria und Coviderkenntnisse
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: April 2023

Die Erfahrungen bei der Entwicklung mehrerer Covidimpfstoffe könnten schon bald beim Bekämpfen der Malaria nützlich sein.
Short bowel syndrome: Complications and management
Authors: Bering Jamie , DiBaise John K.
Published: April 2023

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) occurs when a patient loses bowel length or function significantly enough to cause malabsorption, oftentimes requiring lifelong parenteral support. In adults, this occurs most commonly in the setting of massive intestinal resection, whereas congenital anomalies and necrotizing enterocolitis predominate in children. Many patients with SBS develop long‐term clinical complications over time related to their altered intestinal anatomy and physiology or to various treatment interventions such as parenteral nutrition and the central venous catheter through which it is administered. Identifying, preventing, and treating these complications can be challenging. This review will focus on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of several complications that can occur in this patient population, including diarrhea, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, vitamin and trace element derangements, metabolic bone disease, biliary disorders, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, d‐lactic acidosis, and complications of central venous catheters.
Intestinal failure among adults and children: Similarities and differences
Authors: Belza Christina , Wales Paul W.
Published: April 2023

Intestinal failure (IF) is a complex medical condition that is caused by a constellation of disorders, resulting in the gut's inability to adequately absorb fluids and nutrients to sustain hydration, growth, and survival, thereby requiring the use of parenteral fluid and/or nutrition. Significant advancements in intestinal rehabilitation have resulted in improved survival rates for individuals with IF. There are distinct differences, however, related to etiology, adaptive potential and complications, and medical and surgical management when comparing children with adults. The purpose of this review is to contrast the similarities and differences between these two distinct groups and provide insight for future directions, as a growing population of pediatric patients will cross into the adult world for IF management.
Mutational landscape of primary spinal cord astrocytoma
Authors: Cheng Lei , Zhang Fan , Zhao Xingang , Wang Leiming , Duan Wanru , Guan Jian , Wang Kai , Liu Zhenlei , Wang Xingwen , Wang Zuowei , Wu Hao , Chen Zan , Teng Lianghong , Li Yifei , Xiao Fei , Fan Tao , Jian Fengzeng
Published: April 2023

Primary spinal cord astrocytoma (SCA) is a rare disease. Knowledge about the molecular profiles of SCAs mostly comes from intracranial glioma; the pattern of genetic alterations of SCAs is not well understood. Herein, we describe genome‐sequencing analyses of primary SCAs, aiming to characterize the mutational landscape of primary SCAs. We utilized whole exome sequencing (WES) to analyze somatic nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variants (CNVs) among 51 primary SCAs. Driver genes were searched using four algorithms. GISTIC2 was used to detect significant CNVs. Additionally, recurrently mutated pathways were also summarized. A total of 12 driver genes were identified. Of those,H3F3A(47.1%),TP53(29.4%),NF1(19.6%),ATRX(17.6%), andPPM1D(17.6%) were the most frequently mutated genes. Furthermore, three novel driver genes seldom reported in glioma were identified:HNRNPC,SYNE1, andRBM10. Several germline mutations, including three variants (SLC16A8rs2235573,LMF1rs3751667,FAM20Crs774848096) that were associated with risk of brain glioma, were frequently observed in SCAs. Moreover, 12q14.1 (13.7%) encompassing the oncogeneCDK4was recurrently amplified and negatively affected patient prognosis. Besides frequently mutated RTK/RAS pathway and PI3K pathway, the cell cycle pathway controlling the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (RB) was mutated in 39.2% of patients. Overall, a considerable degree of the somatic mutation landscape is shared between SCAs and brainstem glioma. Our work provides a key insight into the molecular profiling of primary SCAs, which might represent candidate drug targets and complement the molecular atlas of glioma. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Self‐disorder explained: Yasunaga's “Phantom Space Theory” on schizophrenia
Authors: Kumazaki Tsutomu , Hayashi Naoki
Published: April 2023

The present article revisits the theoretical model of schizophrenia by Hiroshi YASUNAGA (1929–2011). Yasunaga restated ego disturbance in schizophrenia as the “Pattern Reversal” between selfhood and otherness, based on British philosopher Wauchope's concept of “pattern.” This concept is meant as asymmetrical relatedness (A/B) within a pair of concepts, such as life and death, quality and quantity, and self and other, prioritizing the former (A side) over the latter (B side). When applied to the pair of self and other, the pattern is vital for human experiences, and its disruption fundamentally alters every lived experience. Subsequently, Yasunaga extended the theory of pattern and invented his original “Phantom Space Theory,” in which he postulated “Phantom Space,” an experiential space that constitutes system a (A‐side‐led and consciously determined distance) and system a' (B‐side‐dominated and extra‐consciously given distance). He then constructed a kind of neural system model composed of systems a and a', and thereby schematically presented a novel viewpoint on experiences of self and the outside world. The theory further illustrated how the hypothesized imbalance (Phantom Space shrinkage or diminished elasticity of system a') causes symptoms of schizophrenia, such as ego disturbances, auditory hallucinations, and other unspecific symptoms. This article then examines the clinical and theoretical implications of Yasunaga's psychiatric works. Phantom Space Theory is a non‐stigmatizing account of schizophrenia because it does not presuppose personal or existential causes of psychosis. The relationship between Phantom Space Theory and dual‐process theory is also explored.
Linear versus cubic regression models for analyzing generalized reverse degree based topological indices of certain latest corona treatment drug molecules
Authors: Arockiaraj Micheal , Greeni A. Berin , Kalaam AR. Abul
Published: April 2023

The major challenges encountered by medical researchers in developing new drugs are time consumption, increased cost, establishing a safety profile for the drugs, poor solubility, and inadequate experimental data. In its theoretical aspects, chemical graph theory plays a vital role in drug design and development by analyzing the structural parameters of molecules. Topological indices aim at the mathematical representation of a molecular structure, which is used to analyze the effectiveness of drugs and enhance the drug development process. In this study, we consider certain recently used drugs such as dexamethasone, molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir, ivermectin, ribavirin, baricitinib, favipiravir, duvelisib, L‐ascorbic acid, sofosbuvir, remdesivir, and pioglitazone for omicron, delta and other variants of coronaviruses. For these drug molecules, we propose a generalized form of reverse degree parameters and compute their associated topological indices with limiting behaviors. We undertake QSPR study on the potential of generalized reverse‐degree indices using linear and cubic regression models.
Immobilizing Quinone‐Fused Aza‐Phenazine into π‐d Conjugated Coordination Polymers with Multiple‐Active Sites for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cheng Linqi , Yu Jie , Chen Lan , Chu Juan , Wang Junhao , Wang Heng‐Guo , Feng Danyang , Cui Fengchao , Zhu Guangshan
Published: April 2023

The development of coordination polymers with π‐d conjugation (CCPs) provides ide prospects for exploring the next generation of environmental‐friendliness energy storage systems. Herein, the synthesis, experimental characterizations, and Na‐ion storage mechanism of π‐d CCPs with multiple‐active sites are reported, which use quinone‐fused aza‐phenazine (AP) and aza‐phenazin (AP) as the organic ligands coordinated with the metal center (Ni2+). Among them, NiQAP as the cathode material exhibits impressive electrochemical properties applied in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), including the high initial/stable discharge specific capacities (180.0/225.6 mAh g−1) at 0.05 A g−1, a long‐term cycle stability up to 10,000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1 with a high reversible capacity of 100.1 mAh g−1, and good rate capability of 99.6 mAh g−1 even at 5.0 A g−1. Moreover, the Na‐ion storage mechanism of NiQAP is also performed by the density functional theory (DFT) calculation, showing multiple‐active sites of C≐O and C≐N (in the quinone and phenazine structure) and NiO4 (in the coordination unit) for Na‐ion storage. These results highlight the importance of organic electrode material with the coordination units and provide a foundation for further studying the CCPs with multiple active sites for energy storage systems.
Improving Cooperative Interactions Between Halogenated Aromatic Additives and Aromatic Side Chain Acceptors for Realizing 19.22% Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Guowei , Xu Xiaopeng , Liao Chentong , Yu Liyang , Li Ruipeng , Peng Qiang
Published: April 2023

Processing additive plays an important role in the standard operation procedures for fabricating top performing polymer solar cells (PSCs) through efficient interactions with key photovoltaic materials. However, improving interaction study of acceptor materials to high performance halogenated aromatic additives such as diiodobenzene (DIB) is a widely neglected route for molecular engineering toward more efficient device performances. In this work, two novel Y‐type acceptor molecules of BTP‐TT and BTP‐TTS with different aromatic side chains on the outer positions are designed and synthesized. The resulting aromatic side chains significantly enhanced the interactions between the acceptor molecules and DIB through an arene/halogenated arene interaction, which improved the crystallinity of the acceptor molecules and induced a polymorph with better photovoltaic performances. Thus, high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 18.04% and 19.22% are achieved in binary and ternary blend devices using BTP‐TTS as acceptor and DIB as additive. Aromatic side chain engineering for improving additive interactions is proved to be an effective strategy for achieving much higher performance photovoltaic materials and devices.
Multifunctional Supramolecular Vesicles as Zn2+‐Triggered Microglial Modulator Alleviates Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Jia Zhi , Tang Ran , Yuan Xiaoyu , Zhu Hengmin , Guo Jiaqi , Chen Yutong , Yang Yonglan , Liang Bin , Lu Shuhao , Cao Derong , Liu Jie
Published: April 2023

Zn2+‐induced β‐amyloid protein (Aβ) aggregation and microglia activation are the predominant contributors in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Regulating intracephalic excessive Zn2+ is a promising therapeutic strategy for AD treatment. However, only inhibition of Zn2+ is hardly to repair continuous damages caused by activated microglia. Herein, an intelligent resveratrol‐loaded supramolecular vesicles (RES‐loaded vesicles) with zinc ion chelation function and responsive release capability are constructed to alleviate Aβ fibrillation, oxidative stress, and microglial dysfunction. The resveratrol encapsulation efficiency and drug loading efficiency are calculated to be 49.67% and 7.87%, respectively. In vitro studies demonstrate that the RES‐loaded vesicles can modulate Zn2+‐dependent Aβ aggregation. More importantly, the cargoes will be released in zinc environment and further reprograms microglia from proinflammatory M1 phenotype toward anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype, which prevents spontaneous neuroinflammation and alleviates cytotoxicity of cultured cells from 29% to 12%. With the stereotactic or intranasal administration, RES‐loaded vesicles can overcome the blood brain barrier, alleviate neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and ultimately ameliorate cognitive impairment in two AD mouse models. This work provides a new sight for taking advantage of Zn2+ to treat CNS disorders.
Highly Durable Janus Fabrics Based on Transfer Prints for Personal Moisture Management
Authors: Zhou Wei , Min Shuqiang , Zhan Tonghuan , Zhang Yue , Pan Deng , Yuan Yan , Xu Bing
Published: April 2023

Janus fabrics with moisture management ability have great potential for improving both physiological and psychological comfort of human body. However, current methods for creating Janus fabrics are typically complex, environmentally unfriendly, and costly. More importantly, the prepared Janus fabrics have demonstrated insufficient mechanical properties and poor fastness, rendering them unsuitable for practical applications. Here, this work proposes a method for constructing Janus fabrics through thermal transfer printing of hydrophobic transfer prints onto a superhydrophilic cotton fabric, followed by creation of a conical micropore array on the fabric surface. The as‐prepared Janus fabrics exhibit excellent unidirectional liquid transport capacity, capable of transporting 50 µL water completely in 11.6 s in the positive direction. Attributed to the durable property of the transfer prints, the Janus fabrics are capable of withstanding over 900 friction cycles and 250 home laundry cycles, which is a great advance in this research field. Additionally, the fabrication process has no detrimental effect on the fabric's breathability, elasticity, and flexibility. Furthermore, the Janus fabric can maintain human body temperature 3.6 °C cooler than that worn with cotton fabric. The fabrication method can provide useful insights for the design and creation of durable Janus fabrics to maximize personal comfort.
Intelligent Multifunctional Sensing Systems based on Ordered Macro‐Microporous Metal Organic Framework and Its Derivatives
Authors: Wang Jing , Ren Yuan , Li Wei , Wu Limin , Deng Yonghui , Fang Xiaosheng
Published: April 2023

Compared with nanomaterials‐based sensors with single function, the development of multifunctional sensors shows high potential in comprehensive monitoring of personal health and environment, intelligent human‐machine interfaces, and realistic imitation of human skin in prosthetics. Ordered macro‐microporous metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs)‐enabled flexible and stretchable electronics are promising candidates for integrated multifunctional sensing systems. Herein, a three‐dimensional ordered macro‐microporous zeolite imidazolate framework‐8 (3DOM ZIF‐8) for humidity sensing and the derived ZnO within a hierarchically ordered macroporous‐mesoporous‐microporous carbon matrix (ZnO@HOMC) for gas sensor is constructed. Benefit from hierarchically ordered macroporous‐mesoporous‐microporous structure, the active site is fully exposed, and the charge transfer is accelerated. As a result, the multifunctional sensing systems show ultrafast response and recovery speed (10 s and 34 s), high sensitivity (Rair/Rgas = 38.6@50 ppm) to acetone, rapid humidity response speed (0.23 s) within changing humidity (RH 21%–99%), excellent stability and repeatability. Furthermore, in order to realize real‐time monitoring of gas concentrations and humidity on mobile devices, an intelligent and portable sensor module is fabricated and wirelessly connected to a smartphone to effectively detect acetone concentration and humidity. This sensing technology shows fascinating applications in personal health, fitness tracking, electronic skins, artificial nervous systems, and human‐machine interactions.
CuCeO Bimetallic Oxide Rapidly Treats Staphylococcus aureus‐Infected Osteomyelitis through Microwave Strengthened Microwave Catalysis and Fenton‐Therapy
Authors: Sun Wenchan , Wang Chaofeng , Wan Danya , Zheng Yufeng , Wu Shuilin , Shen Jie , Zhang Yu , Liu Xiangmei
Published: April 2023

Osteomyelitis caused by bacteria is a deep‐seated lesion and is often treated clinically with antibiotics. Long‐term use of antibiotics may predispose bacteria to develop resistance. Here, CuCeOx material is applied to treat infectious bacterial osteomyelitis using microwave (MW)‐assisted bacterial killing. Heat generation occurs as a result of the dielectric properties of the material under MW irradiation, and the material generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) under MW irradiation. Heat and ROS increase the thermal sensitivity and permeability of bacterial cell membranes, and the released copper ions easily penetrate the bacterial membrane and react with H2O2 to produce a toxic hydroxyl group inside the bacteria, leading to the bacteria's eventual death. This is due to the synergistic effect of the MW thermal effect, ROS, and the breaking of the equilibrium within the bacteria. CuCeOx can effectively treat osteomyelitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus using MW irradiation. This study can safely and effectively address the challenge of deep tissue infections by shedding light on non‐invasive antimicrobial systems and using MW thermal therapy and MW dynamics to achieve therapeutic results.
Micro‐ to Nanoscale Microstructural Differences Induced by Intercritical Annealing in a Hot‐Rolled Medium Manganese Steel
Authors: Gauvin Mélanie , Dutta Aniruddha , Lorenz Ulrike , Duprez Lode , Waterschoot Tom
Published: April 2023

The effect of austenite‐reverted transformation (ART) annealing process on the chemical and microstructural properties of medium Mn steel (7 wt% Mn) is evidenced by a combination of electron probe micro‐analysis, electron back‐scattering diffraction, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. Hot‐rolled medium Mn steels with distinct dual‐phase austenite/martensite microstructures and identical bulk composition can be obtained via direct austenite reverted transformation (D‐ART) as compared to a reaustenized quenched (RAQ) + ART route. The different annealing sequences applied to the steel have an effect on the fraction of austenite, its morphology, chemical composition, and distribution. The D‐ART route produces a core–shell structure of Mn‐rich shell and Mn‐lean core inside the austenite grains, while the RAQ + ART route did not. Such systematic characterizations using a combination of different microscale and nanoscale techniques are essential as chemistry and morphological differences at the individual grain level provide a key understanding to the microstructure–property relationship of such steels.
Modeling and Design of a Dual‐Stator Low‐Speed High‐Torque Permanent Magnet Drive Machine for the Ball Mill Application
Authors: Liu Jiwei , Di Chong , Li Shihao , Bao Xiaohua
Published: April 2023

The dual‐stator permanent magnet (PM) machine has the advantages of high torque density, high efficiency, and compact size, which makes it suitable for low‐speed high‐torque applications. A dual‐stator low‐speed high‐torque permanent magnet drive machine (DLHPMDM) is discussed and studied in this paper, which is applied to the ball mill application. First, in order to meet the requirements of high efficiency and high reliability, a DLHPMDM with the inner and outer windings connected in parallel is obtained through the designs carried out in terms of the magnetic circuit structure, structural size, and the pole‐slot number combination. However, for the DLHPMDM with the inner and outer windings connected in parallel, the power allocation between the inner and outer machines is a critical problem that needs to be accurately analyzed, and the circulating current between the two sets of windings is also a particular issue that merit attention. Therefore, a new modeling method is proposed for the DLHPMDM to solve such cases more accurately. The proposed new method combines the advantages of the rapidity of the finite element analysis (FEA) with current excitations and the accuracy of the FEA with voltage excitations. Finally, a prototype of the DLHPMDM is manufactured and tested. The feasibility of the design theory and the validity of the proposed modeling method is verified by both the tested and simulated results. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Surgical repair of ruptured omphalocele in a high genetic merit neonatal Holstein bull calf
Authors: Koebel Katherine J. , Pearson Garett B. , Radcliffe Rolfe M.
Published: April 2023

A neonatal Holstein bull calf presented emergently for abdominal evisceration. Calving was unassisted. Ninety minutes postpartum, farm staff noted the defect and brought the patient to the hospital. On presentation, the calf was recumbent, dull, and in hypovolemic shock with uncompensated hyperlactatemic metabolic acidosis. Multiple organs were identified through a 4–5 cm defect in the caudoventral midline. Differentials included a ruptured omphalocele, gastroschisis, trauma and schistosomus reflexus. This presentation was consistent with a ruptured omphalocele. Following triage and haemodynamic stabilisation, the eviscerated abdominal contents were lavaged, surgically replaced and an umbilical resection with partial cystectomy performed to remove a patent urachus. Postoperatively, the patient was hospitalised with aggressive nursing care. Pharmacotherapy included prophylactic antibiotics, gastroprotectants and anti‐inflammatory medication. The calf developed mild postoperative pneumonia, but was discharged after 6 days. This report details management of omphalocele evisceration in a calf and the pathology of congenital midline anomalies in neonatal ruminants.
Systematic studies on the effect of structural modification of orange peel for remediation of phenol contaminated water
Authors: Kumar Lalit , Yadav Vikas , Yadav Meenakshi , Saini Neha , Jagannathan Karthikeyan , Murugesan Vajjiravel , Ezhilselvi V.
Published: April 2023

In the present study, orange peel biochar has been utilized as the adsorbent for the removal of phenol from contaminated water. The biochar was prepared by thermal activation process at three different temperature 300, 500 and 700°C and are defined as B300, B500, and B700 respectively. The synthesized biochar has been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), RAMAN spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. SEM analysis revealed a highly irregular and porous structure for B700 as compared with others. The parameters such as initial phenol concentration, pH, adsorption dosage, and contact time were optimized, and the maximum adsorption efficiency and capacity of about 99.2% and 31.0 mg/g was achieved for B700 for phenol adsorption. The Branauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area and Berrate–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) pore diameter obtained for B700 were about 67.5 m2/g and 3.8 nm. The adsorption of phenol onto the biochar followed Langmuir isotherm showing linear fit with R2 = 0.99, indicating monolayer adsorption. The kinetic data for adsorption is best fitted for pseudo‐second order. The thermodynamic parameters ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° values obtained are negative, which means that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic. The adsorption efficiency of phenol marginally declined from 99.2% to 50.12% after five consecutive reuse cycles. The study shows that the high‐temperature activation increased the porosity and number of active sites over the orange peel biochar for efficient adsorption of phenol.

Practitioner Points

Orange peel is thermally activated at 300, 500, and 700°C for structure modification.

Orange peel biochars were characterized for its structure, morphology, functional groups, and adsorption behavior.

High‐temperature activation improved the adsorption efficiency up to 99.21% due to high porosity.
Assembly and comparative genome analysis of a Patagonian Aureobasidium pullulans isolate reveals unexpected intraspecific variation
Authors: Parra Micaela , Libkind Diego , Hittinger Chris Todd , Álvarez Lucía , Bellora Nicolás
Published: April 2023

Aureobasidium pullulans is a yeast‐like fungus with remarkable phenotypic plasticity widely studied for its importance for the pharmaceutical and food industries. So far, genomic studies with strains from all over the world suggest they constitute a genetically unstructured population, with no association by habitat. However, the mechanisms by which this genome supports so many phenotypic permutations are still poorly understood. Recent works have shown the importance of sequencing yeast genomes from extreme environments to increase the repertoire of phenotypic diversity of unconventional yeasts. In this study, we present the genomic draft of A. pullulans strain from a Patagonian yeast diversity hotspot, re‐evaluate its taxonomic classification based on taxogenomic approaches, and annotate its genome with high‐depth transcriptomic data. Our analysis suggests this isolate could be considered a novel variant at an early stage of the speciation process. The discovery of divergent strains in a genomically homogeneous group, such as A. pullulans, can be valuable in understanding the evolution of the species. The identification and characterization of new variants will not only allow finding unique traits of biotechnological importance, but also optimize the choice of strains whose phenotypes will be characterized, providing new elements to explore questions about plasticity and adaptation.
Opportunities and Perils of Public Consultation in the Creation of COVID-19 Vaccine Priority Groups
Authors: Driedger S. Michelle , Capurro Gabriela , Jardine Cindy , Tustin Jordan
Published: April 2023

The management of any Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), such as COVID-19, requires several strategies: public health surveillance and active testing of suspected cases, isolating those with the disease as well as their contacts, providing risk communication messaging for actions that people can adopt to protect themselves and their families, and distribution of available vaccines once approved. Anticipating scarcity in supply, the National Advisory Committee on Immunization, tasked with providing independent advice and recommendations on immunizations for the Public Health Agency of Canada, developed preliminary recommendations for prioritization of COVID-19 vaccines before any vaccines were even authorized for distribution in Canada. We explore in this chapter the mechanisms used to establish preliminary recommendations for COVID-19 vaccine priority groups, including different strategies for public and stakeholder engagement in those recommendations, and how three provinces made operational decisions to implement vaccine delivery within their jurisdiction. We highlight specific opportunities and challenges when the general public is engaged in evaluating prioritization recommendations, particularly when those who are consulted may not necessarily reflect the population diversity underlying equity considerations. We share public comments about COVID-19 vaccine priority groups from age-stratified (18–34 years; 35–54 years; 55 years and older) mixed-gender focus groups in Vancouver, Winnipeg, Toronto, and Ottawa, conducted in December 2020.
Motivated Reasoning and Risk Governance: What Risk Scholars and Practitioners Need to Know
Authors: Beck Marisa , Ahmed Rukhsana , Douglas Heather , Driedger S. Michelle , Gattinger Monica , Kiss Simon J. , Kuzma Jennifer , Larkin Patricia , O’Doherty Kieran C. , Perrella Andrea M. L. , Williams Teshanee T. , Wolbring Gregor
Published: April 2023

Empirical research in psychology and political science shows that individuals collect, process, and interpret information in a goal-driven fashion. Several theorists have argued that rather than striving for accuracy in their conclusions, individuals are motivated to arrive at conclusions that align with their previous beliefs, values, or identity commitments. The literature refers to this phenomenon broadly as ‘motivated reasoning’. In the context of risk governance, motivated reasoning can help to explain why people vary in their risk perceptions, evaluations, and preferences about risk management. But our current understanding of the phenomenon is incomplete, including the degree to which motivated reasoning should be considered rational and reasonable. Further, the research on motivated reasoning is largely unknown among risk practitioners. This chapter identifies key theoretical models of motivated reasoning, discusses the conceptual differences between them, and explores the implications of motivated reasoning for risk governance. Motivated reasoning is often labeled as ‘irrational’ and thus seen to prevent effective decision-making about risk, but this chapter challenges this assessment. The chapter concludes by identifying theoretical and empirical implications for researchers studying motivated reasoning and risk, as well as practical implications for policymakers and regulators involved in risk governance.
Hydraulic Fracturing in New Brunswick: Trust, Deliberation, and Risk Decision-Making
Authors: Nourallah Laura
Published: April 2023

This chapter focuses on the role of trust in energy decision-making for shale gas development in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. It examines the role of risk perception as it relates to policy actors’ preferences in the context of public engagement and deliberation, where epistemic risks associated with the practice of hydraulic fracturing (the emerging technology that enabled the development of shale gas on a major scale) existed between 2007 and 2017. The goal of the chapter is to understand how engaging in the context of risk and uncertainty shapes policy actors’ learning along with the policy alternatives they advocate for, and ultimately deem acceptable. The Advocacy Coalition Framework is used to assess policy learning and to demonstrate the role of integrating an understanding of the importance of trust in managing risk. The analysis questions the notion that more engagement leads to better policy outcomes, and demonstrates that it is important to integrate lay knowledge as a fundamental component of risk management practices. The chapter concludes with recommendations to strengthen trust in energy decision-making in Canada.
Why Vulnerability Matters
Authors: Martin Angela K.
Published: April 2023

This chapter introduces three case studies of what can intuitively be deemed vulnerabilities. They illustrate the difficulties which arise when defining vulnerability. Furthermore, it presents different uses of vulnerability and provides an analysis of the concept. It identifies vulnerability as dispositional term, and introduces the distinction between universal and situational vulnerability. Finally, the chapter outlines what desiderata a definition of vulnerability should fulfill, concluding that an explicative definition of vulnerability is most suitable for the purposes of this book.
Animals Used as a Source of Food
Authors: Martin Angela K.
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, more sentient animals are used for their meat, milk, and eggs than ever before in history. This chapter shows that many—but not all—uses of animals for food are morally problematic. Speciesist prejudices mask that animals are commonly due more consideration than we give them. First, this chapter examines animal products involving suffering, arguing that such products are often—but not always—morally problematic. Second, it discusses whether there is a problem with killing animals which could be deemed “happy.” Third, it argues against “principled veganism,” contending that dependency does not necessarily result in increased vulnerability. Finally, it is concluded that we should recognize many groups of animals we commonly use for food as particularly vulnerable and augment their protection accordingly.
Improved sensitivities of ESSνSB from a two-detector fit
Authors: Capozzi F. , Giunti C. , Ternes C. A.
Published: April 2023

Abstract

We discuss the improvement of the sensitivity of ESSνSB to the discovery of CP violation and to new neutrino physics which can be obtained with a two-detector fit of the data of the near and far detectors. In particular, we consider neutrino non-standard interactions generated by very heavy vector mediators, nonunitary neutrino mixing, and neutrino oscillations due to the mixing of the ordinary active neutrinos with a light sterile neutrino.
Development of a simple standardized scoring system for assessing large vessel vasculitis by 18F-FDG PET-CT and differentiation from atherosclerosis
Authors: Bacour Y. A. A. , van Kanten M. P. , Smit F. , Comans E. F. I. , Akarriou M. , de Vet H. C. W. , Voskuyl A. E. , van der Laken C. J. , Smulders Y. M.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study is to develop a structured approach to distinguishing large-artery vasculitis from atherosclerosis using 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with low-dose computed tomography (FDG PET/CT).

Methods

FDG PET/CT images of 60 patients were evaluated, 30 having biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis (GCA; the most common form of large-artery vasculitis), and 30 with severe atherosclerosis. Images were evaluated by 12 nuclear medicine physicians using 5 criteria: FDG uptake pattern (intensity, distribution, circularity), the degree of calcification, and co-localization of calcifications with FDG-uptake. Criteria that passed agreement, and reliability tests were subsequently analysed for accuracy using receiver operator curve (ROC) analyses. Criteria that showed discriminative ability were then combined in a multi-component scoring system. Both initial and final ‘gestalt’ conclusion were also reported by observers before and after detailed examination of the images.

Results

Agreement and reliability analyses disqualified 3 of the 5 criteria, leaving only FDG uptake intensity compared to liver uptake and arterial wall calcification for potential use in a scoring system. ROC analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90 (95%CI 0.87–0.92) for FDG uptake intensity. Degree of calcification showed poor discriminative ability on its own (AUC of 0.62; 95%CI 0.58–0.66). When combining presence of calcification with FDG uptake intensity into a 6-tiered scoring system, the AUC remained similar at 0.91 (95%CI 0.88–0.93). After exclusion of cases with arterial prostheses, the AUC increased to 0.93 (95%CI 0.91–0.95). The accuracy of the ‘gestalt’ conclusion was initially 89% (95%CI 86–91%) and increased to 93% (95%CI 91–95%) after detailed image examination.

Conclusion

Standardised assessment of arterial wall FDG uptake intensity, preferably combined with assessment of arterial calcifications into a scoring method, enables accurate, but not perfect, distinction between large artery vasculitis and atherosclerosis.
Recent Progress in Atmospheric Chemistry Research in China: Establishing a Theoretical Framework for the “Air Pollution Complex”
Authors: Zhu Tong , Tang Mingjin , Gao Meng , Bi Xinhui , Cao Junji , Che Huizheng , Chen Jianmin , Ding Aijun , Fu Pingqing , Gao Jian , Gao Yang , Ge Maofa , Ge Xinlei , Han Zhiwei , He Hong , Huang Ru-Jin , Huang Xin , Liao Hong , Liu Cheng , Liu Huan , Liu Jianguo , Liu Shaw Chen , Lu Keding , Ma Qingxin , Nie Wei , Shao Min , Song Yu , Sun Yele , Tang Xiao , Wang Tao , Wang Tijian , Wang Weigang , Wang Xuemei , Wang Zifa , Yin Yan , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Weijun , Zhang Yanlin , Zhang Yunhong , Zhao Yu , Zheng Mei , Zhu Bin , Zhu Jiang
Published: April 2023

Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the “air pollution complex” was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997. For papers published in 2021 on air pollution (only papers included in the Web of Science Core Collection database were considered), more than 24 000 papers were authored or co-authored by scientists working in China. In this paper, we review a limited number of representative and significant studies on atmospheric chemistry in China in the last few years, including studies on (1) sources and emission inventories, (2) atmospheric chemical processes, (3) interactions of air pollution with meteorology, weather and climate, (4) interactions between the biosphere and atmosphere, and (5) data assimilation. The intention was not to provide a complete review of all progress made in the last few years, but rather to serve as a starting point for learning more about atmospheric chemistry research in China. The advances reviewed in this paper have enabled a theoretical framework for the air pollution complex to be established, provided robust scientific support to highly successful air pollution control policies in China, and created great opportunities in education, training, and career development for many graduate students and young scientists. This paper further highlights that developing and low-income countries that are heavily affected by air pollution can benefit from these research advances, whilst at the same time acknowledging that many challenges and opportunities still remain in atmospheric chemistry research in China, to hopefully be addressed over the next few decades.
Does structured obstetric management play a role in the delivery mode and neonatal outcome of twin pregnancies?
Authors: Ge Isabell , Meschede Julia , Juhasz-Boess Ingolf , Kunze Mirjam , Markfeld-Erol Filiz
Published: April 2023

Purpose

While the optimal delivery method of twin pregnancies is debated, the rate of cesarean deliveries is increasing. This retrospective study evaluates delivery methods and neonatal outcome of twin pregnancies during two time periods and aims to identify predictive factors for the delivery outcome.

Methods

553 twin pregnancies were identified in the institutional database of the University Women’s Hospital Freiburg, Germany. 230 and 323 deliveries occurred in period I (2009–2014) and period II (2015–2021), respectively. Cesarean births due to non-vertex position of the first fetus were excluded. In period II, the management of twin pregnancies was reviewed; adjusted and systematic training with standardized procedures was implemented.

Results

Period II showed significantly lower rates of planned cesarean deliveries (44.0% vs. 63.5%, p < 0.0001) and higher rates of vaginal deliveries (68% vs. 52.4%, p = 0.02). Independent risk factors for primary cesarean delivery were period I, maternal age > 40 years, nulliparity, a history with a previous cesarean, gestational age < 37 completed weeks, monochorionicity and increasing birth weight difference (per 100 g or > 20%). Predictive factors for successful vaginal delivery were previous vaginal delivery gestational age between 34 and 36 weeks and vertex/vertex presentation of the fetuses. The neonatal outcomes of period I and II were not significantly different, but planned cesareans in general were associated with increased admission rates to the neonatal intensive care units. Inter-twin interval had no significant impact on neonatal outcome.

Conclusion

Structured regular training of obstetrical procedures may significantly reduce high cesarean rates and increase the benefit–risk ratio of vaginal deliveries.