bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Pacing Site Characteristics on Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Wong Jorge A. , Yee Raymond , Stirrat John , Scholl David , Krahn Andrew D. , Gula Lorne J. , Skanes Allan C. , Leong-Sit Peter , Klein George J. , McCarty David , Fine Nowell , Goela Aashish , Islam Ali , Thompson Terry , Drangova Maria , White James A.
Published: June 2013

Background—

Transmural scar occupying left ventricular (LV) pacing regions has been associated with reduced response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, spatial influences of lead tip delivery relative to scar at both pacing sites remain poorly explored. This study evaluated scar distribution relative to LV and right ventricular (RV) lead tip placement through coregistration of late gadolinium enhancement MRI and cardiac computed tomographic (CT) findings. Influences on CRT response were assessed by serial echocardiography.

Methods and Results—

Sixty patients receiving CRT underwent preimplant late gadolinium enhancement MRI, postimplant cardiac CT, and serial echocardiography. Blinded segmental evaluations of mechanical delay, percentage scar burden, and lead tip location were performed. Response to CRT was defined as a reduction in LV end-systolic volume ≥15% at 6 months. The mean age and LV ejection fraction were 64±9 years and 25±7%, respectively. Mean scar volume was higher among CRT nonresponders for both the LV (23±23% versus 8±14% [
P
=0.01]) and RV pacing regions (40±32% versus 24±30% [
P
=0.04]). Significant pacing region scar was identified in 13% of LV pacing regions and 37% of RV pacing regions. Absence of scar in both regions was associated with an 81% response rate compared with 55%, 25%, and 0%, respectively, when the RV, LV, or both pacing regions contained scar. LV pacing region dyssynchrony was not predictive of response.

Conclusions—

Myocardial scar occupying the LV pacing region is associated with nonresponse to CRT. Scar occupying the RV pacing region is encountered at higher frequency and seems to provide a more intermediate influence on CRT response.
Monocyte and Macrophage Heterogeneity in the Heart
Authors: Nahrendorf Matthias , Swirski Filip K.
Published: June 2013

Monocytes and macrophages are innate immune cells that reside and accumulate in the healthy and injured heart. The cells and their subsets pursue distinct functions in steady-state and disease, and their tenure may range between hours and months. Some subsets are highly inflammatory, whereas others support tissue repair. This review discusses current concepts of lineage relationships and crosstalk of systems, highlights open questions, and describes tools for studying monocyte and macrophage subsets in the murine and human heart.
Overview of High Throughput Sequencing Technologies to Elucidate Molecular Pathways in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Churko Jared M. , Mantalas Gary L. , Snyder Michael P. , Wu Joseph C.
Published: June 2013

High throughput sequencing technologies have become essential in studies on genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics. Although sequencing information has traditionally been elucidated using a low throughput technique called Sanger sequencing, high throughput sequencing technologies are capable of sequencing multiple DNA molecules in parallel, enabling hundreds of millions of DNA molecules to be sequenced at a time. This advantage allows high throughput sequencing to be used to create large data sets, generating more comprehensive insights into the cellular genomic and transcriptomic signatures of various diseases and developmental stages. Within high throughput sequencing technologies, whole exome sequencing can be used to identify novel variants and other mutations that may underlie many genetic cardiac disorders, whereas RNA sequencing can be used to analyze how the transcriptome changes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and methylation sequencing can be used to identify epigenetic changes, whereas ribosome sequencing can be used to determine which mRNA transcripts are actively being translated. In this review, we will outline the differences in various sequencing modalities and examine the main sequencing platforms on the market in terms of their relative read depths, speeds, and costs. Finally, we will discuss the development of future sequencing platforms and how these new technologies may improve on current sequencing platforms. Ultimately, these sequencing technologies will be instrumental in further delineating how the cardiovascular system develops and how perturbations in DNA and RNA can lead to cardiovascular disease.
Effects of the density of root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans), soil chemical and microbial properties on the damage to Japanese radish
Authors: Sato Erika , Okumura Ichi , Kokatsu Yoshihiro , Toyota Koki
Published: June 2013

The density of Pratylenchus penetrans in soil is known to be a major determinant in the severity of damage to Japanese radish, but soil chemical and microbial properties may also affect the severity. This study investigated the relationships between damage and the density of P. penetrans, soil chemical properties, such as pH (H2O), EC, available phosphate, NO3–N, NH4–N, total carbon and nitrogen, and microbial properties, such as microbial biomass and fungal and bacterial community structures, in 48 different plots in a field for 2 years. The density of P. penetrans estimated with real-time PCR was most significantly correlated with the damage to radish in both 2010 and 2011. The damage to radish caused by P. penetrans and the nematode density were negatively correlated with total carbon in soil in both years, suggesting that soil management leading to increased soil C could decrease the density of P. penetrans and hence the damage. Multiple regression models including the density of P. penetrans and the soil properties suggested that damage to radish was predictable with a higher probability for some of the soil chemical properties, such as total C and N, and the density of P. penetrans. The community structures of soil fungi and Pseudomonas spp. on the radish surface were different depending on the levels of damage to radish and the densities of P. penetrans. The results suggested that the damage to radish and the density of P. penetrans might be affected by the soil microbial community structure.
Influence of temperature on life history traits of the free-living, bacterial-feeding nematode Panagrolaimus sp. strain NFS-24
Authors: Ayub Farhana , Strauch Olaf , Seychelles Laurent , Ehlers Ralf-Udo
Published: June 2013

Life cycle analysis data of the free-living, bacterial-feeding Panagrolaimus sp. strain NFS 24-5 were assessed at different temperatures using a hanging drop method with single male and female individuals and a food density of 3 × 109 Escherichia coli cells ml−1. Lifespan at the moment when the first egg was laid was 5.7 days at 21°C and 4 days at 25, 27 and 29°C. The intrinsic rate of natural increase () was 0.53 at 21°C, 0.81 at 25°C, 0.93 at 27°C and 0.81 at 29°C, corresponding to population doubling times () of 1.3, 0.9, 0.7 and 0.9 days, respectively. Over 200 offspring per female were produced at 27°C. All other temperatures yielded fewer offspring. When females were kept without males, the life span was 49 days, whereas the last reproductive female (hanging drop with male individual) died after 16.5 days. These data will contribute to the interpretation of nematode population dynamics recorded in liquid culture.
Effect of forest and field habitat features on abundance of genera in nematode assemblages
Authors: McSorley Robert
Published: June 2013

Abundances of nematode genera were examined in several forest and field habitats located in close proximity in Florida, USA. Effects of selected habitat features were also evaluated, such as tree type, management and presence of litter, grasses or invasive species. Of 37 common taxa evaluated, ten were more abundant in forest and ten in field habitats. Several genera includingAcrobeloides,AphelenchoidesandMesocriconemawere common in all habitats. Light management, consisting of mowing of grasses, negatively affected 19 taxa. More genera appeared adapted to closed forest over open forest, and most of these were more common in plots with oak trees or oak litter than in plots with pine. Numbers ofParatylenchus,PlectusandXiphinemawere further increased by the presence of herbaceous plants on the forest floor. When invasive elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum) was included in plots with other grasses, numbers of eight genera that typically were common in grass plots were further increased.Alaimus,CervidellusandWilsonemawere negatively affected by the invasive elephantgrass. Most of the nine genera in guild Ba2 were more abundant in either forest (Acrobeles,Cervidellus,Plectus,Wilsonema) or grass (Eucephalobus,Zeldia) habitats, whileAcrobeloideswas common and two genera were rare in all habitats. The effects of habitats and habitat features on many different nematode taxa add to our growing knowledge of the ecological habits of free-living nematodes.
Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Phasmatodea II: Review of the Dataminae Rehn & Rehn, 1939 (Phasmatodea: Heteropterygidae) of China, with descriptions of one new genus and four new species
Authors: WAI-CHUN GEORGE HO
Published: June 2013

This paper deals with four genera and eight species of the subfamily Dataminae Rehn & Rehn, 1939 from China. One new genus and four new species, Hainanphasma cristata Ho gen. nov. spec. nov., H. diaoluoshanensis Ho spec. nov., Py-laemenes pui Ho spec. nov. and Pylaemenes shirakii Ho & Brock spec. nov., are described and illustrated. A new combi-nation is proposed: Planispectrum hainanensis (Chen & He, 2008) comb. nov. is transferred from Pylaemenes Stål, 1875 and its male and egg are described for the first time. The occurrence of Orestes mouhotii (Bates, 1865) in China is re-confirmed assessed by an adult specimen collected from Yunnan Province. Pylaemenes guangxiensis (Bi & Li, 1994) is reported for the first time from Vietnam outside the range of China. Keys to the genera and species of the Chinese Datam-inae are given.
An introduction to the systematics of Akodon orophilus Osgood, 1913 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) with the description of a new species
Authors: JIMÉNEZ CARLOS F. , PACHECO VÍCTOR , VIVAS DAN
Published: June 2013

The genus Akodon is one of the most species-rich rodent lineages in South America. In Peru, this genus contains 14 species subdivided in two groups: aerosus and boliviensis. Akodon orophilus Osgood, 1913 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) is a member of the Akodon aerosus group that inhabits the northern Peruvian montane forest, but is poorly characterized and its distri-bution is vaguely known. We review the status of the species based on morphology, morphometric and karyology, and compared with all members of the Akodon aerosus clade from Peruvian montane forests. As a result, we provide a com-plete redescription of A. orophilus, present new information on its natural history, restrict its distribution to the east of Río Marañón, and describe a new species of Akodon from Huánuco Department, central Peru, a population previously as-signed to A. orophilus.
New records of Pagurixus Melin, 1939 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan, with description of a new species
Authors: OSAWA MASAYUKI , KAWAI TAKASHI , SAKAMAKI TAKASHI
Published: June 2013

Seven hermit crab species of the pagurid genus Pagurixus Melin, 1939 are reported on the basis of material recently col-lected from the northern and central islands of the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. Four species are new to the hermit crab fauna of the Ryukyu Islands: P. acanthocarpus Komai & Okuno, 2009; P. fasciatus Komai & Myorin, 2005; P. for-mosus Komai, 2010; and P. tweediei (Forest, 1956). One species is described as new to science: P. vicinus sp. nov. is close-ly similar to P. fasciatus in both morphology and coloration, but distinguished by the armature on the left cheliped and right second pereopod. Paguruxus carinimanus Komai & Osawa, 2006 and P. pseliophorus Komai & Osawa, 2006, both previously known from the Ryukyu Islands, are here reported from new localities.
Teaching Psychoanalytic Concepts, Skills, and Attitudes to Medical Students
Authors: Mintz David
Published: June 2013

In recent decades the psychoanalytic perspective has been increasingly marginalized in medical school education. This has been driven by political tides, competition with neuroscience education, shifting practice models, and the dominance of an evidence-based perspective. The costs both to medical trainees and to the field of psychoanalysis are considerable. Reasons are presented for why academic psychiatry departments might be motivated to integrate more psychodynamic training into basic medical education and for why organized psychoanalysis might have an interest in developing a greater presence in medical schools. Various formats are discussed in which psychoanalytic theory and technique might effectively be introduced. Finally, broader strategies are proposed for addressing students and their developmental needs such that resistances to learning psychodynamics are reduced.
Mental illness and psychiatric treatment amongst firesetters, other offenders and the general community
Authors: Ducat Lauren , Ogloff James RP , McEwan Troy
Published: June 2013

Objective:

Firesetting is often reported to be associated with psychopathology, but frequently these conclusions are based on studies reliant on selective forensic psychiatric samples without the use of comparison groups. The aim of the study was to examine the rates of mental illness, substance use disorders, personality pathology and psychiatric service usage in a population of convicted firesetters compared with other offenders and community controls.

Method:

Using a data-linkage design, the study examined the psychiatric histories and usage of public mental health services by 1328 arsonists convicted between 2000 and 2009 in Victoria, Australia. These were compared with 1328 matched community controls and 421 non-firesetting offenders.

Results:

Firesetters were significantly more likely to have been registered with psychiatric services (37%) compared with other offenders (29.3%) and community controls (8.7%). The firesetters were also more likely to have utilised a diverse range of public mental health services. Firesetters attracted psychiatric diagnoses more often than community controls and other offenders, particularly affective, substance use, and personality disorders.

Conclusions:

This study confirms that there is a link between firesetting and psychopathology, suggesting that there is a role for the psychiatric screening of known firesetters, and a need to consider psychopathology in formulating the risk for further firesetting.
Ethics and the Spirit in Paul (2): Religious-Ethical Empowerment through the Relational Work of the Spirit
Authors: Rabens Volker
Published: June 2013

This article, and its companion “Ethics and the Spirit in Paul (1): Religious-Ethical Empowerment through Infusion-Transformation?”, deal with the question of how, according to Paul, the Holy Spirit enables religious ethical life. The first essay challenges the “infusion-transformation” approach to Pauline pneumatology which builds on a Stoic concept of the Spirit as a material substance that transforms the substance of its recipients in order to enable ethical behaviour. This article argues that in Paul (as well as in a significant number of texts from early Judaism) the Spirit transforms and empowers people for ethical living primarily through initiating and sustaining an intimate relationship with the divine and with the community of faith.
Mark and Syria? An Assessment
Authors: Carter Warren
Published: June 2013

One argument advanced for the Syrian, rather than Roman, provenance of Mark’s Gospel concerns geographical proximity to the 66-70 war. This article evaluates this largely unexamined argument, concluding that the attempt to sustain Syrian provenance on the basis of geographical proximity to the events narrated in Mark 13 fails to persuade. This argument cannot show unique correspondences between text and context, and the equation of great effects with geographical proximity fails the tests of Philo’s narrative concerning Gaius’ threat to the temple, contemporary experience, and contemporary attachment theory (Kirkpatrick) that highlight the key role of psychological attachments that are not restricted by geography.
Language proficiency among hospitalized immigrant psychiatric patients in Italy
Authors: Ventriglio Antonio , Baldessarini Ross J. , Iuso Salvatore , La Torre Antonella , D’Onghia Antonio , La Salandra Michela , Mazza Maristella , Bellomo Antonello
Published: June 2013

Background and aim:

Lack of cultural adaptation may risk or worsen mental illness among immigrants, and interfere with assessment and treatment. Language proficiency (LP) seems essential for access to foreign environments, and the limited research concerning its effects on mental health care encouraged this preliminary study.

Methods:

We reviewed clinical records of all immigrant psychiatric patients hospitalized at the University of Foggia in 2004–09 ( N = 85), and compared characteristics of patients with adequate versus inadequate LP.

Results:

Subjects (44 men, 41 women; aged 35.7±10.0 years) represented 3.62±0.94% of all hospitalizations in six years. (2004–09). Most (60.0%) had emigrated from other European countries. Many were diagnosed with a DSM-IV unspecified psychosis (40.0%) or adjustment disorder (18.8%), and 45.9% were in first-lifetime episodes. Average comprehension and spoken LP was considered adequate in 62.4% and inadequate in 37.6%. In multivariate modelling, adequate LP was more prevalent among women, emigration from another European country, receiving more psychotropic drugs at hospitalization, and having entered Italy legally.

Conclusion:

Findings support an expected importance of LP among immigrant psychiatric inpatients, and encourage language assessment and training as part of the comprehensive support of such patients, especially men.
Understanding service needs and service utilization among older Kurdish refugees and immigrants in the USA
Authors: Choi Sam , Davis Cindy , Cummings Sherry , Van Regenmorter Christina , Barnett Molly
Published: June 2013

This study explored service needs and service utilization among older Kurdish refugees and immigrants in the US. A sample of 70 older Kurds is included and descriptive statistics were utilized. The findings of this study reported that older Kurdish refugees and immigrants are experiencing multiple service needs yet they do not seek help to meet their service needs. This study also highlighted existing barriers to services among older Kurdish refugees and immigrants, which accentuate the need for the development and implementation of culturally competent services for this unique population.
Children without parental care in Poland: Foster care, institutionalization and adoption
Authors: Knuiman Sandra , Rijk Catharina HAM , Hoksbergen René AC , van Baar Anneloes L
Published: June 2013

This article describes the historical background and current situation of the child welfare system for children without parental care in Poland. Nowadays in Poland, most children without parental care still have both parents, but are placed in out-of-home care as a protective measure. Multiple scenarios are possible for these children. Financial resources, however, are often not sufficient to provide the most desirable care. Despite reforms aimed at deinstitutionalization and a growing number of foster care placements in Poland, almost 20,000 children remain in institutional care. For some children without parental care domestic or international adoption is decided.
Gifted and talented education: Some social work implications in emerging approaches for children’s rights in Kenya
Authors: Wairire Gidraph G. , Mungai Ndungi wa , Mungai Kang’ethe
Published: June 2013

This article analyses the social work implications in programmes and initiatives that address the rights of children in Kenya. The analysis is drawn from three case studies of organizations that promote child rights in Kenya, namely Compassion International (Kenya), Chosen Children of Promise (CCP) and Equity Group Foundation of the Equity Bank. These agencies are making notable efforts to identify needy children and assist them to access education in appropriate institutions through the provision of scholarships and other forms of assistance. The research notes the lack of clear government policy for gifted and talented children’s education and the positive role that social workers could play in the promotion of child rights in Kenya. This article makes a contribution to the awareness of policies for gifted and talented children in Kenya.
Assessment of hydrofluoropropenes as insulating blowing agents for extruded polystyrene foams
Authors: Vo Chau V , Fox Richard T
Published: June 2013

Thermally insulating extruded polystyrene foams are currently produced with hydrofluorocarbon blowing agents. Hydrofluorocarbons have zero ozone depletion potential but rather high greenhouse warming potential. Various unsaturated fluoropropenes, with greenhouse warming potential values <15, have been assessed as HFC-134a replacements for styrenic extrusion foaming. The screening is first based on the modeling of solubility and diffusivity properties, followed by foaming experiments with a conventional extrusion process. Some fluoropropenes appear to be excellent blowing agents for extruded polystyrene foams and can be used alone for making very low-density foams with regular and large cell sizes, while some others require the use of a co-blowing agent for processing good quality foam. A few others are not suitable as a blowing agent for extruded polystyrene foams due to their toxicity or their very poor transport properties.
Influence and prediction of processing parameters on the properties of microcellular injection molded thermoplastic polyurethane based on an orthogonal array test
Authors: Mi Hao-Yang , Jing Xin , Peng Jun , Turng Lih-Sheng , Peng Xiang-Fang
Published: June 2013

Thermoplastic polyurethane is a commonly used polymer in our daily lives. Microcellular injection molding (a.k.a. MuCell) is an emerging method capable of mass-producing thermoplastic polyurethane foams with tunable microstructures and properties. This study investigated the effects of four main processing parameters—namely, plasticizing temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2) content, injection volume, and injection speed—on microcellular injection molded thermoplastic polyurethane ASTM tensile test bars. Property variables of interest included the cell diameter, cell density, skin layer thickness, and Young’s modulus. Influence sequences of parameters on each variable were obtained via the orthogonal array test method. It was found that the CO2 content primarily affected the cell diameter and cell density, whereas the temperature mainly influenced the skin layer thickness and Young’s modulus. Surface fitting of each dependent variable was done by combining its two most influential parameters from the experiment data. The value of each property variable within the processing window could then be predicted from the fitted surface. In addition, microcellular injection molding of thermoplastic polyurethane was simulated by a commercial software package, and the simulated results confirmed the reliability of the cell diameter prediction.
Effect of air bubbling and ultrasonic processing on water absorption property of banana fibre-vinylester composites
Authors: Ghosh Rajesh , Ramakrishna A , Reena G
Published: June 2013

The effect of alkaline treatment in combination with air bubbling in banana fibre mat on the water absorption property of the fibre composite has been experimentally studied. The effect of sonication on the water absorption property of the composites is also studied. Hot-water immersion test is done on the samples. Water uptake was quantified for the composite disc under different processing conditions. The studies have revealed that the fibre surface modification rate is enhanced by the combination of air bubbling with the general process of alkaline treatment. Water absorption is highly reduced by the sonication process. This shows the importance of this method of fibre treatment and this shall encourage other researchers to develop an adequate system to expedite fabrication for better quality of woven banana fibre composites for various sectors such as household utility or automobile parts.
Effects of the hygrothermal environment on the mechanical properties of flax fibres
Authors: Thuault A , Eve S , Blond D , Bréard J , Gomina M
Published: June 2013

Since flax is the most promising plant for the reinforcement of polymer-based composites in structural applications, we have chosen to investigate its hygrothermal characteristics which can be useful for the understanding of the behaviour of other plant fibres. The flax fibres were exposed to different hygrothermal conditions: in an oven at various controlled temperatures (–40 to 140℃) and measured relative humidity, in a climate chamber at 50% relative humidity for define temperatures between 25℃ and 85℃, or different determined aging conditions. The correlation of these hygrothermal conditions to the evolution of the mechanical properties gives evidence of the prominent influence of water over temperature on the microstructural changes of flax fibres. The mechanical parameters drastically decrease in usually prescribed hygrothermal aging conditions for organic matrix composite materials, the strength being particularly sensitive to the presence of water. These evolutions were correlated to the fibre microstructure modifications induced by water absorption as revealed by electron microscopy analyses. These findings could be useful for understanding the behaviour of polymer matrix biocomposites in severe hygrothermal conditions.
Specific functional properties of 3D woven glass nanocomposites
Authors: Mishra Rajesh
Published: June 2013

An exploratory work has been carried out in the field of three-phase composites in which fly ash nanoparticles were incorporated in addition with 2D and 3D glass woven fabrics while preparing composites. These fly ash nanoparticles were prepared by high-energy ball milling technique and its effect on functional properties of composites were observed. In thermo-mechanical analysis, the composites with the 3D woven fabrics as reinforcement showed higher storage modulus. Further improvement in the storage modulus due to addition of fly ash can be explained as the nanoscale dimension of fly ash nanoparticles have got very large surface area which leads to interaction sites and hence efficient load transfer between reinforcing agent and matrix. Though the addition of fly ash nanoparticles improved the mechanical properties of composites marginally, a significant improvement was observed in functional properties of composites.
Research on optimal control method of hybrid electric vehicles
Authors: Lian Jing , Han Hu , Li Linhui , Zhou Yafu , Feng Jian
Published: June 2013

Energy saving and environmental protection are the two main themes of today’s auto industry development. The hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has become one of the most practical significant ways to solve energy and emission problems with good fuel economy and lower emissions. Aimed at the present HEV control methods, which have problems such as power loss, low efficiency of the system, the deterioration of the lubrication conditions, and so on, from the points of view of the overall efficiency of drive system, an optimal control method for a HEV is proposed to solve these problems. Firstly, all the possible operating modes are formulated. Then the efficiency evaluation equations of different modes are constructed. Next, according to the battery state of charge, this method determines the possible operating modes, and then the efficiency of different modes is calculated by means of the demand torque. Comparing the efficiency of different modes, the mode with the highest efficiency is obtained so that the engine torque and motor torque are distributed to enable the engine and motor output to correspond with this torque. Finally, the proposed method is simulated; the results show that it reduces system power loss and vehicle fuel consumption and emissions, and that it also protects the life of the transmission parts and lubrication conditions to some extent, achieving significant improvements.
The Ethics of Excellence in Tourism Research
Authors: Fennell David
Published: June 2013

This article examines the challenges that have emerged in tourism as a result of the new audit culture, and the effects this system is having on the creation of knowledge. A premium is now being placed on quantifying just about every type of output in our efforts to rank one agent or entity against another: people, programs, journals, disciplines, and so on. This analysis departs from other works on the topic through the use of philosophy, and in particular, the work of the Canadian philosopher John Ralston Saul. Saul’s thoughts on corporatism, instrumental reason, utilitarianism, and knowledge are fundamental to the situation we find ourselves in at present. I argue, as Saul does, for a return to content over structure and form. Although working within these systems may be beneficial to some scholars and their programs and universities, the practice is not helping to build a cohesive and well-organized field.
The Protective Effects of Religious Coping and Spirituality on Delinquency
Authors: Salas-Wright Christopher P. , Olate René , Vaughn Michael G.
Published: June 2013

While research conducted in Western nations suggests that religiosity and spirituality protect against delinquent behavior, few studies have examined these relationships in developing world contexts. Using a community sample of 290 high-risk and gang-involved adolescents (11-17 years) and young adults (18-25 years) in San Salvador, El Salvador, structural equation modeling and logistic regression are used to examine the relationships between religious coping, spirituality, social developmental factors, and delinquency. Results suggest that spirituality and, to a lesser extent, religious coping, protect Salvadoran youth at risk for involvement in delinquent behavior. The relationship between spirituality and delinquency was completely mediated by social developmental factors as no direct association was identified between spirituality and delinquency. Spirituality and religious coping are both relevant protective factors among Salvadoran youth; however, spirituality is more consistently protective against delinquency in terms of its relationship to social developmental mediating factors and its direct associations to particular delinquent behaviors.
Arrest As Displaced Aggression
Authors: Johnson Richard R.
Published: June 2013

Applied to police officers, displaced aggression theory would suggest that an officer primed for a negative affect by a personal family conflict will be more likely to arrest, and less likely to show lenience toward, criminal suspects engaged in minor offenses. The present study primed a sample of police officers for either positive or negative affects. The police officer participants were then presented with a vignette involving a drunken driver that contained details presenting only the minimum level of evidence to justify a legal arrest. The respondent officers primed for a negative affect were significantly more likely to indicate they would arrest the driver. This result held even after controlling for the officers’ ascribed characteristics in a multivariate analysis. The results suggest that officers primed for a negative affect by personal circumstances are more likely to take out their frustration by exercising their discretion to arrest for a minor offense.
The Intersectionality of Sex, Race, and Psychopathology in Predicting Violent Crimes
Authors: Baskin-Sommers Arielle R. , Baskin Deborah R. , Sommers Ira B. , Newman Joseph P.
Published: June 2013

The present study used data on prisoners to advance our understanding of the joint effects of sex, race, and psychopathology, specifically antisocial personality disorder (APD) and Psychopathy, on criminal violence. The sample comprised 3,525 male and 1,579 female inmates between the ages of 18 and 45 years who were incarcerated in state prisons in Wisconsin at the time of data collection. Multivariate analyses were used to examine all sex–race–psychopathology combinations. The findings indicate that Black males and females with comorbid APD and Psychopathy were more likely to commit violent crime than similarly situated White males. While gendered patterns of aggression may characterize males and females in the aggregate, the present study clearly highlights the importance of considering sex/race subgroups when examining the relationship between psychopathology and violent crime.
Predicting Institutional Sexual Misconduct by Adult Male Sex Offenders
Authors: Sandler Jeffrey C. , Freeman Naomi J. , Farrell Paul , Seto Michael C.
Published: June 2013

Although the Static-99R has been found to be a robust measure of long-term risk to reoffend among adult male sex offenders, few studies have investigated the relationship between Static-99R scores and institutional (i.e., prison) behavior. The current study sought to address this gap in the research by testing the ability of the Static-99 and Static-99R to predict five types of institutional misconduct: (a) sexual, (b) violent (nonsexual), (c) nonviolent (nonsexual), (d) drug-related, and (e) any nonsexual. Results indicate that the Static-99/99R may be useful as predictors of institutional misconduct and, therefore, as a risk classification measure for prisons to protect both staff and inmates and improve institutional environments.
The Influence of Religiosity and Spirituality on Psychological Well-Being Among Black Women
Authors: Reed Tamilia D. , Neville Helen A.
Published: June 2013

The influence of religiosity and spirituality on psychological well-being was examined among a sample of 167 Black American women in this web-based study. Findings suggest direct links between both religiosity and spirituality and psychological well-being. Moreover, results from bootstrapping procedures indicated that spirituality fully mediated the relation between religiosity and global mental health and between religiosity and life satisfaction. Implications of the findings are discussed.
The Effects of Teacher Fidelity of Implementation of Pathways to Health on Student Outcomes
Authors: Little Melissa A. , Riggs Nathaniel R. , Shin Hee-Sung , Tate Eleanor B. , Pentz Mary Ann
Published: June 2013

Previous research has demonstrated the importance of ensuring that programs are implemented as intended by program developers in order to achieve desired program effects. The current study examined implementation fidelity of Pathways to Health (Pathways), a newly developed obesity prevention program for fourth- through sixth-grade children. We explored the associations between self-reported and observed implementation fidelity scores and whether implementation fidelity differed across the first 2 years of program implementation. Additionally, we examined whether implementation fidelity affected program outcomes and whether teacher beliefs were associated with implementation fidelity. The program was better received, and implementation fidelity had more effects on program outcomes in fifth grade than in fourth grade. Findings suggest that implementation in school-based obesity programs may affect junk food intake and intentions to eat healthfully and exercise. School support was associated with implementation fidelity, suggesting that prevention programs may benefit from including a component that boosts school-wide support.
A Minimally Invasive Technique for the Implantation of Bone‐Anchored Hearing Devices
Authors: Wilson David F. , Kim Harold H.
Published: June 2013

Objective

To describe and evaluate a novel technique for the implantation of bone conduction hearing devices as compared with a common, conventional technique.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary referral otology and neurotology practice.

Methods

Individuals who underwent the implantation of bone‐anchored hearing devices between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2011, were identified. Demographic data, surgical indications, surgical technique used, surgical time, and complications were recorded. Soft tissue complications were graded on the Holgers classification scheme. Group 1 was defined as those undergoing a traditional technique using a dermatome with subcutaneous tissue reduction. Group 2 was defined as those undergoing the described technique for implantation of the coupling hardware with minimal subcutaneous soft tissue reduction.

Results

Forty patients underwent the procedure, with 11 patients comprising group 1 and 29 patients comprising group 2. Group 2 required a shorter operative time (32.3 vs 56.1 minutes, P <. 0001). Of patients in group 1, 2 of 11 developed soft tissue complications, whereas 5 of 29 in group 2 developed soft tissue complications (P = 1.000). Most soft tissue complications were reversed with conservative wound care.

Conclusion

Surgery was performed faster with similar postoperative outcomes in individuals undergoing implantation of bone‐anchored hearing devices using the described technique that necessitated minimal soft tissue reduction.
The new psychoactive substances regime in New Zealand: a different approach to regulation
Authors: Wilkins Chris , Sheridan Janie , Adams Peter , Russell Bruce , Ram Sanya , Newcombe David
Published: June 2013

The New Zealand government has proposed a new psychoactive substances regime, which will place the onus onto manufacturers to prove that their products pose a low risk of harm, prior to receiving approval which allows the products to be legally manufactured and sold. This is an innovative and unique development in the regulation of emerging psychoactive substances, and offers an alternative response to prohibition. The details of the new regime and how it will operate are now emerging, and this offers an opportunity to critically explore some of the issues related to the proposed new regime and to speculate on some of the outcomes. This paper brings together a group of New Zealand based researchers from a range of disciplines with experience of ‘legal high’ research to discuss this innovative new regime.
Pediatric Sports Injuries
Authors: Stracciolini Andrea , Casciano Rebecca , Levey Friedman Hilary , Meehan William P. , Micheli Lyle J.
Published: June 2013

Background:

Significant knowledge deficits exist regarding sports injuries in the young child. Children continue to engage in physically demanding, organized sports to a greater extent despite the lack of physical readiness, predisposing themselves to injury.

Purpose:

To evaluate sports injuries sustained in very young children (5-12 years) versus their older counterparts (13-17 years) with regard to the type and location of injuries, severity, and diagnosis.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed on a 5% random probability sample (final N = 2133) of 5- to 17-year-old patients treated for sports injuries in the Division of Sports Medicine at a large, academic pediatric medical center between 2000 and 2009. Using descriptive statistics, correlates of injuries by age group, injury type, and body area are shown.

Results:

Five- to 12-year-old patients differed in key ways from older patients. Children in this category sustained injuries that were more often traumatic in nature and more commonly of the upper extremity. Older patients (13-17 years) were more likely to be treated for injuries to the chest, hip/pelvis, and spine. A greater proportion of the older children were treated for overuse injuries, as compared with their younger counterparts (54.4% vs 49.2%, respectively), and a much larger proportion of these injuries were classified as soft tissue injuries as opposed to bony injuries (37.9% vs 26.1%, respectively). Injury diagnosis differed between the 2 age groups. The 13- to 17-year age group sustained more anterior cruciate ligament injuries, meniscal tears, and spondylolysis, while younger children were diagnosed with fractures, including physeal fractures, apophysitis, and osteochondritis dissecans. The 5- to 12-year-old patients treated for spine injuries were disproportionately female (75.8%); most of these injuries were overuse (78.8%) and bony (60.6%); over one third of the youngest children were diagnosed with spondylolysis. Surgery was required in 40% of the injuries in the full sample.

Conclusion:

Sports injuries to children differ by age in injury diagnosis, type, and body area. Older children sustain a greater proportion of overuse injuries classified as soft tissue in nature. Children of all ages are sustaining significant sports injuries that require surgical intervention.
Generalization as creative and reflective act: Revisiting Lewin’s conflict between Aristotelian and Galileian modes of thought in psychology
Authors: Tateo Luca
Published: June 2013

It is argued that generalization in psychology is a creative, interpretative, and reflective act of thought, by accessing a higher level of abstraction from meaningful events. In the context of clarification of this claim, a fresh look at Lewin’s argumentation about the “Aristotelian” and “Galileian” epistemologies will be useful. Lewin’s ideas illuminate the contemporary debate about individual cases, lawfulness, and theory in psychology. Finally, it is demonstrated how Lewin’s reasoning can still provide the ground for theoretical reflection in psychology. This science is indeed still facing some relevant epistemological problems, unwilling to abandon the essentialist and reductionist concept of the “average,” and confronting an equal challenge of achieving a scientific status without sacrificing its humanistic dimensions. Consequently, Lewin’s theoretical discussion on epistemology in psychology can provide a relevant starting point to foster contemporary reflexivity in psychology. Scientific method provides conceptual artifacts, constraints, and norms of sharing that enable this particular type of sense-making process.
Investigations of the Pediatric Hospice Care in Taiwan
Authors: Kang Shih-Chao , Hwang Shinn-Jang , Wang Wei-Shu
Published: June 2013

Background:

The utilization of pediatric hospice care remains unclear in Taiwan.

Methods:

Data were analyzed from the claims of hospice admissions in patients aged 18 years or younger using the National Health Insurance Research Database from 2005 to 2010.

Results:

A total of 91 patients and 136 admissions were enrolled (male–female = 50:41; mean 11.6 years old). In all, 62 patients were admitted once, including 47 patients who died. All the patients had cancer, with brain cancer (40.7%) accounting the most . Among acute comorbidities, neurological complications (16.2%) were mostly accounted. Family physicians provided most (64.7%) of the hospice services. Hospice stay ≤3 days correlated positively with death in hospices (odds ratio = 2.922, 95% confidence interval = 1.268-6.730).

Conclusions:

Pediatric hospice care revealed characteristics different from adults. Underlying late referrals were prevalent. There is space to promote the utilization of hospices for terminally ill pediatric patients.
Healing and super healing in continuum damage mechanics
Authors: Voyiadjis George Z , Kattan Peter I
Published: June 2013

In this work, the principles of damage/healing mechanics are first reviewed. This is followed by introducing the concept of super healing of materials in the framework of continuum damage mechanics. Once a damaged material is healed and the damage is recovered, further healing results in a strengthened material. This process of added healing beyond what is necessary to recover damage is termed here super healing. In super healing, the material gains stiffness and the end and final objective of the super healing process is to reach what is called the Super Material. The second part of this work generalizes these concepts to anisotropic damage and healing of materials. The concept of anisotropic super healing is also introduced. An example is presented for the case of plane stress where the mechanics of damage/healing and super healing are demonstrated. Finally, the characteristics of the elusive Super Material are postulated.
Perceptions of Parental Awareness of Emotional Responses to Stressful Life Events
Authors: Jobe-Shields Lisa , Parra Gilbert R. , Buckholdt Kelly E.
Published: June 2013

There is a need to better understand family processes related to recovery from past stressful life events. The present study aimed to investigate links between perceptions of parental awareness regarding stressful life events, continued event-related rumination, and current symptoms of depression. Students at a diverse, urban university completed a Life Events Checklist and a semistructured interview regarding family processing of stressful life events, as well as self-report measures of event-related rumination and depression. Results indicated that perceptions of mothers’ and fathers’ awareness of sadness regarding stressful life events as well as mothers’ and fathers’ verbal event processing predicted symptoms of event-related rumination and depression. Results support the inclusion of perceptions of parental awareness in the understanding of how emerging adults continue to cope with past stressful life events.
Chinese Mining in Latin America
Authors: Irwin Amos , Gallagher Kevin P.
Published: June 2013

Observers have expressed concern that Chinese mining companies operating in Latin America are more egregious violators of labor and environmental standards than other mining companies. Critics point to the case of one operation in particular—Shougang Hierro Peru—as evidence of China’s threat to Latin American labor and environment. We combine archival research in Peru, personal interviews, and data analysis to examine the extent to which Shougang Peru is an outlier in labor and environmental performance relative to other foreign and Peruvian mining firms. We find that Shougang Hierro Peru has indeed established a poor labor and environmental record in Peru. However, a counterpart firm from the United States performed worse on many levels, and some Peruvian firms are not far behind. Such findings show that Chinese firm behavior should not be analyzed in isolation, especially in sectors such as mining where labor and environmental problems are endemic to the sector.
Incident longitudinal wave at a fibre-reinforced thermoelastic half-space
Authors: Singh SS , Zorammuana C
Published: June 2013

The problem of reflection of plane waves due to an incident longitudinal wave at a plane free fibre-reinforced thermoelastic half-space has been investigated. There exist three types of plane waves which are longitudinal, transverse and thermal waves in the thermoelastic medium. The analytical expressions of their velocities are obtained and it is observed that they depend on the angle of propagation. Using appropriate boundary conditions, the amplitude and energy ratios for the reflected waves are derived and computed numerically.
Hypersensitivity reactions to etoposide phosphate
Authors: Sambasivan Khrishanthne , Mahmoud Sarah , Kokache Arwa , Seckl Michael , Savage Philip
Published: June 2013

Etoposide phosphate is a prodrug of intravenous etoposide recommended for use in patients with demonstrated allergy to etoposide. We have previously published a case series comprising six patients who were successfully treated with etoposide phosphate following preceding etoposide hypersensitivity. In this new paper we now present the cases of two patients who had allergic reactions to both etoposide and etoposide phosphate. As such, we suggest that whilst most patients with etoposide hypersensitivity can safely be treated with etoposide phosphate, a small number are at risk of an additional allergic reaction to etoposide phosphate. Patients being treated for the first time with etoposide phosphate after etoposide allergy should receive their first dose under medical supervision.