bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: The Preparation of Trimethylsulfonium Chloride from Methyl Chloroformate and Dimethyl Sulfide.
Authors: BYRNE B. , LAFLEUR LAWTER L. M.
Published: May 2016

Aus Dimethylsulfid (I) wird mit Chlorameisensäuremethylester (II) das Sulfoniumsalz (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐Addition of Triorganozincates and Silyldiorganozincates to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: TUECKMANTEL W. + , OSHIMA K. , NOZAKI H.
Published: May 2016

Li‐ and Mg‐triorganozincates (IV), prepared by combination of ZnCl2 (tetramethylenediamine) with 3 molar equiv. (m.e.) of (I) or (II), or from dialkylzinc 41 and l m.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxopropenylation of Alkylmagnesium Halides by 3‐(Trimethylsilyloxy)acroleins.
Authors: ULLRICH F.‐W. , ROTSCHEIDT K. , BREITMAIER E.
Published: May 2016

Oxopropenylation of the organomagnesium halides (I) by the respective acroleins (II) (known Compounds) selectively yields the unsaturated aldehydes (III) with the Econfiguration.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short and Efficient Synthesis of 4,5‐Disubstituted‐1‐pentenes.
Authors: DE CAMP SCHUDA A. , MAZZOCCHI P. H. , FRITZ G. , MORGAN T.
Published: May 2016

Epibrom‐ und Epichlorhydrin (I) werden mit Vinylmagnesiumbromid (II) in 5‐Halogen‐4‐hydroxy‐1‐pentene (III) umgewandelt, aus denen weitere Derivate, wie im Formelschema skizziert, hergestellt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Aluminium Hydride Reductions. A New Hydrolysis Method for Intractable Products.
Authors: POWELL J. , JAMES N. , SMITH S. J.
Published: May 2016

Lithiumaluminiumhydrid‐Reduktionsprodukte wie Aminoalkohole, die sich bei der Aufarbeitung nur schwer vom Aluminium abtrennen lassen, werden nach Hydrolyse mittels Triethanolamin gut isolierbar, wie an 4 Beispielen im Formelschema gezeigt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Convenient Synthetic Method for 3‐Alkyl‐1,1,1‐trifluoroacetylacetone and Its Derivatives.
Authors: KAMITORI Y. , HOJO M. , MASUDA R. , FUJITANI T. , KOBUCHI T. , NISHIGAKI T.
Published: May 2016

Der aus Aceton‐dimethylaeetal (I) und Trifluoracetanhydrid (II) gut zugängliche Methyl‐ß‐tri?uoracetylvinylether (III) wird durch Etheraustausch‐Reaktion in die Allyl‐vinylether (IV) übergeführt, die in einer Claisen‐Umlagerung die 3‐A1lyl‐trifluoracetylacetone (V) bilden.
ChemInform Abstract: A Study of the Reaction of the Ethyl Ester of 2‐(2,2,2‐Trichloroethylidene)‐3‐oxo‐butanoic Acid with Zinc and Acid Chlorides.
Authors: SHCHEPIN V. V. , EL'SHIN I. V. , LAPKIN I. I.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (I) reacts with Zn in EtzO/EtOAc to form the zinc complex (II) with the Z‐configuration as shown.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Disulfides and Related Substances. Part 45. Synthesis and Properties of Some Disulfide Sulfinate Salts Containing No Nitrogen.
Authors: SRIVASTAVA P. K. , FIELD L.
Published: May 2016

The title salts (Ia)‐(Ih) (potential radioprotective agents) are prepared by reaction of the corresponding thiols (III) with dithiane dioxide (II) in the presence of sodium methoxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Applications of the Carbanion Walk Mechanism: A Novel and Facile Method for the Preparation of 1,3‐Dimethylenecyclobutane and Conjugated Vinylallene Derivatives.
Authors: BRAVERMAN S. , FREUND M. , REISMAN D. , GOLDBERG I.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung des Allensulfons (Ia) mit 0.5 Äquivalenten Butyllithium (II) bei 0°C führt zum Vinylallen (III), das zu einem Gemisch aus (IVa) und (IVb) desulfoniert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Difunctional Ethylenic Compounds by Acetylation of Variously Substituted Cyclohexenes.
Authors: GRIGNON‐DUBOIS M. , CAZAUX M.
Published: May 2016

Aseries of cyclo‐ "hexene Compounds (ketones, nitriles and esters as well as tertiary, secondary and primary alcohols) are subjected to the acetylation method A) yielding the products shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of the Captodative Substitution. Part 33. Dienophilic Properties of Captodative Olefins: Influence of the Steric Dimensions of α‐Alkylthioacrylonitriles on the Stereoselectivity of Diels‐Alder Reactions.
Authors: BOUCHER J.‐L. , STELLA L.
Published: May 2016

The cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene (I) with the nitriles (II) occurs spontaneously to give mixtures of the adducts (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Z‐Isomers of the Thiosemicarbazones from Pyruvic Acid Amides.
Authors: POPLAVSKAYA I. A. , KHALILOVA S. F.
Published: May 2016

The oximo‐thiosemicarbazones (I), on treatment with HNOZ, react at the oxime function only, leaving the thiosemicarbazone moiety intact.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of 2‐Aminoalcohols from O‐Trimethylsilylated Cyanohydrins.
Authors: KREPSKI L. R. , JENSEN K. M. , HEILMANN S. M. , RASMUSSEN J. K.
Published: May 2016

′ Die Umsetzung von O‐silylierten Cyanohydrinen (I) mit Grignard‐Verbindungen (II) und nachfolgende Reduktion führen zu 2‐Aminoalkoholen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of 4,5‐Dihydro‐1,2‐oxazoles (Δ2‐Isoxazolines). A Cycloadditive Approach to 2‐Alkenyl Ketones.
Authors: CURRAN D. P. , KIM B. H.
Published: May 2016

Die Cycloaddition von in situ aus (I) gebildeten Nitriloxiden an das Allylsilan (II) führt zu Isoxazolinen (III), die nach reduktiver Spaltung zu Hydroxyketonen (IV) durch nachfolgende Peterson‐Eliminierung in ß,y‐ungesättigte Ketone (V) umgewandelt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Polycarbonylmethyl Derivatives: Reactions of 2‐(3‐Methyl‐5‐isoxazolyl)‐ 1‐phenylethanone.
Authors: EIDEN F. , PATZELT G.
Published: May 2016

Die Hydrogenolyse des Isoxazols (I) liefert in Abhängigkeit vom Lösungsmittel das Dihydropyridinon (II) bzw. das Enamino‐hydroxy‐keto‐n (III), dessen Hydrolyse zum Endion (IV) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Some Choleretic Drugs by Modified Reformatsky Reaction.
Authors: PAVLOV S. , BOGAVAC M. , ARSENIJEVIC L. , KLAJN E. , ARSENIJEVIC V.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the bromomagnesium salt of the α‐bromo acid (I) with the cyclohexanones (II) yields the β‐hydroxy acids (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Palindromic Dihydrazones from N‐Aminophthalimide.
Authors: HEARN M. J. , CAMPBELL M. L. , HOPPE M. , ROSENBERG J. , SINHA A.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of aminophthalimide (Ia) with dicggbonyl compounds‐(II) yields the dihydrazones (III) under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Extraordinarily Rapid [1,5]Benzyl Shift in a Molecule with a Ring System Consisting Entirely of Fused Blocked Aromatic Rings.
Authors: MILLER B. , BAGHDADCHI J.
Published: May 2016

Das tert.‐Butyl‐naphthol (I) ergibt nach Reduktion zum Dihydronaphthol (II) das Benzylketon (III), das bei der Bromierung mit Brom in Gegenwart von NBS das Dibromid (IV) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Bicyclo[4.2.0]octane‐2,5‐diones.
Authors: IYODA M. , KUSHIDA T. , FUJINAMI M. , KITAMI S. , ODA M.
Published: May 2016

Durch Photoaddition von Ole?‐nen (II) an die Dihalogen‐cyclohexendione (I) und (IV) und nachfolgende Dehalogenierung mittels Zink sind die Bicyclo‐octandione (III) bzw. (V) gut zugänglich.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Formation of Substituted Cyclopentane Derivatives from Hexa‐ 1,5‐dienes via Oxidative Cyclization in the Presence of Pd(OAc)2‐MnO2‐Benzoquinone as Catalyst.
Authors: ANTONSSON T. , HEUMANN A. , MOBERG C.
Published: May 2016

Die Hexadiene (I), (VI), (X), (XII) und (XIV) werden oxidativ und unter Pd‐Katalyse zu den im Formelschema angegebenen Gemischen von 5‐Ring‐ Carbocyclen cyclisiert, wobei aus (XII) nur eine Verbindung (XIII) entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2′‐Dicarbomethoxy‐9,9′‐bitriptycyl. Synthesis, Conformational Stability and Separation and Identification of the Conformers.
Authors: SCHWARTZ L. H. , KOUKOTAS C. , KUKKOLA P. , YU C. S.
Published: May 2016

2‐Chlor‐anthron (I) wird über das Anthrapinacol (II) in den Di‐anthryl‐ diester (‐)‐(IIId) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer(TICT)‐Fluorescence of 8,8′‐Bi‐naphtho[1,2,3,4‐def]chrysenyl.
Authors: BUNTE R. , GUNDERMANN K.‐D. , LEITICH J. , POLANSKY O. E. , ZANDER M.
Published: May 2016

Asym. biaryl, the bi‐naphtho‐chrysenyl (II), is formed upon irradiation of the naphthochrysene (I).
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Synthesis of 2,3‐Norbornadienoanthracene and Its Application to the Synthesis of Anthracene Anellated Norbornenylogs.
Authors: PATNEY H. K. , PADDON‐ROW M. N.
Published: May 2016

Die Cycloaddition von 1,4‐Anthrachinon (I) und Cyclopentadien (II) führt zum Dion (III), das nach Reduktion zu (IV) und Eliminierung das Norbornadieno‐anthracen (V) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: Study of the Enaminic Properties of 3‐Aminothiophene and 3,4‐Diaminothiophene.
Authors: OUTURQUIN F. , LEROUGE P. , PAULMIER C.
Published: May 2016

Aseries of reactions of the thiophenes (I) and (XV) yielding the compounds shown in the scheme are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New 5‐Bromo‐3‐arylthiosemicarbazono‐2‐indolinones as Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: SINGH S. P. , SINGH V. A. , GUPTA K. C.
Published: May 2016

Condensation of the isatins (I) and the m‐substituted arylthiosemicarbazides (II) yields the title compounds (IIIa)‐(IIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 8‐Methyl‐1,2‐dehydro‐pyrrolizidines and 9‐Methyl‐1,2‐dehydro‐indolizidines.
Authors: ABBAS S. A. , LAURENT A. , MISON P. , PELLISSIER N.
Published: May 2016

The pyrroles (I) are subjected to the reaction sequence shown in the scheme giving the heterocyclic compounds (V) as main products.
ChemInform Abstract: Search for Antibilharziasic Properties of Dithiol Thiones, Intermediates and Derivatives.
Authors: VIANA M. N. , VACCHER C. , BERTHELOT P. , BURGOT J.‐L. , DEBAERT M. , LUYCKX M. , CAZIN J.‐C. , DEBLOCK S.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (VII) and (XIII) and the derivatives (IX) and (X) are synthesized as described in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of 4‐Arylazo‐3,5‐disubstituted‐1H‐pyrazole‐1‐carbodithioic Acids.
Authors: MOHAN M. , ARORA C. P. , GUPTA H. K. , JHA N. K.
Published: May 2016

The arylhydrazonopropanediones (III) are prepared by condensation of the corresponding diketones (II) and the aryldiazonium salts generated from (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Antiinflammatory 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐pyrrolizines. Part 4. Ring Opening of DADHP by Oxidation with m‐Chloroperbenzoic Acid.
Authors: DANNHARDT G. , STEINDL L.
Published: May 2016

Dihydropyrrolizin (I) wird mit MCPBA zum Acylpyrrolidon (II) oxidiert, dessen Struktur u.a. durch Umsetzung mit Hydrazin (III) zum Pyrazolinon (IV) gesichert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthetic Route to 2,2′‐Biimidazole.
Authors: MATTHEWS D. P. , WHITTEN J. P. , MCCARTHY J. R.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Bis‐iminoether (I) wird mit Aminoacetaldehyd‐dimethylacetal (II) durch Substitution das Bis‐amidin (III) hergestellt und durch Schmelze mit p‐Toluolsulfonsäure zu Biimidazol (IV) cyclisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Azidoisoxazoles from β,β‐Dichlorovinyl Ketones and Sodium Azide.
Authors: SHAINYAN B. A. , MIRSKOVA A. N.
Published: May 2016

The dichlorovinyl ketones (I) react with NaN3 to yield the 3‐azidoisoxazoles (II) in fair yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Reactions of 2‐Halo‐5‐thiazolecarboxylates.
Authors: LEE L. F. , SCHLEPPNIK F. M. , HOWE R. K.
Published: May 2016

Aus den 3‐Aminoacrylaten (I) entstehen mit Chlorcarbonylsulfenylchlorid (II) die Thiazoloncarbonsäureester (III), die zu den Chlorverbindungen (IV) chloriert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Alkyl‐1,2,3‐triazole‐1‐oxides: Preparation and Use in the Synthesis of 2‐Alkyltriazoles.
Authors: BEGTRUP M. , NYTOFT H. P.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (III) are prepared by sequential reaction of α‐diketones (I) with (IV) and (II) or vice versa, followed by oxidative cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Diacylation of Alkenes Catalyzed by Sulfonic Acids. Part 3. Application of Weak Sulfonic Acids to the Regioselective Synthesis of Pyrylium Salts from Isoolefins and Linear Olefins.
Authors: RAJOHARISON H. G. , ROUSSEL C.
Published: May 2016

The use of weak sulfonic acids (methanesulfonic and α‐carboxyalkane sulfonic acids) as catalysts in the diacylation reaction between carboxylic acid anhydrides and isoalkenes generated from the alcohols (I) affords almost exclusively the more substituted pyrylium salt.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiochemical Control in the Hemiacetalization of a Dihydroxydialdehyde.
Authors: ZIEGLER F. E. , WESTER R. T.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Lacton (I) wird durch Alkylierung mit (II) unter Katalyse mit dem Pd‐Komplex (III) das Lacton (IV) hergestellt, das 93 durch Criegee‐ Oxidation in das Diol (V) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Cycloadditions of Reissert Hydrofluoroborate Salt and its Open‐ Chain Analogue on Alkynes.
Authors: SCHMITT G. , NGUYEN DINH AN NGUYEN DINH AN , VEBREL J. , LAUDE B.
Published: May 2016

The Reissert compound (IV) and its open‐chain analogue (V) are prepared using methods adapted from the literature.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bromonaphthopyranoisoxazoles and Pyrazoles as Potential Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: MUTHUSUBRAMANIAN L. , MISRA G. S.
Published: May 2016

Title compounds of type (VIII) and (X) are synthesizäd as indicated in the scheme and screened forAtheir antimicrobial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions with 5:6‐Benzo(f)chroman‐4‐one.
Authors: BEDAIR A. H. , AMMAR Y. A. , EL‐AGRODY A. M. , MOHAMED Y. A.
Published: May 2016

The bcnzochromanone (III) reacts with Grignard reagents (II) or (IV) to give either the benzochromene (I) or the benzochromanol (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Antimicrobial Activity of 3‐(Substituted Methyl)‐2‐phenyl‐4H‐1‐benzothiopyran‐ 4‐ones.
Authors: NAKAZUMI H. , UEYAMA T. , KITAO T.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von den Benzothiopyranonen (I) erhält man nach bekannten Methoden die Derivate (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereoselective Synthesis of cis‐1‐Methyl‐3‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐5‐bromo‐7‐ methoxy‐8‐hydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline.
Authors: BADIA D. , DOMINGUEZ E. , IRIONDO C.
Published: May 2016

Compound (III), the preparation of which has been described earlier, is converted to (V) by reductive amination using the method of Leuckart, followed by hydrolysis and acidic debenzylation (to avoid debromination).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thieno[3,2‐a]quinolizidines.
Authors: GARRIGUES B. , MAFFRAND J.‐P.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of the title compounds (VI) and (VII) is carried out in connection with a search for structural analogues of the hypotensive agent indoramine (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Octahydroindolo[2,3‐a]quinolizin‐2‐one, a Novel Structure for γ‐Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Uptake Inhibition.
Authors: KARDOS J. , BLASKO G. , SIMONYI M. , SZANTAY C.
Published: May 2016

The compounds (II)‐(V), (VI), (IX) and (XI) are synthesized [(VI) according to a literature method; no yields are given] and tested for their inhibition of neuronal high affinity GABA uptake.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,1‐Disubstituted‐2,3,4,9‐Tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrido[3,4‐b]indolecarboxylic Acid Esters and Ketones. The Base Catalyzed Transformation of 1‐(2′,3′,4′,9′‐Tetrahydrospirocyclohexane‐1,1′‐[1H]pyrido[3,4‐b]‐indol]‐2‐yl)alkanones into 2‐(4,9‐Dihydro‐3H‐pyrido[3,4‐b]indol‐1‐yl)‐1‐alkylcyclohexanols.
Authors: BOBOWSKI G. , SHAVEL J. JUN.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Tryptaminen (I) erhält man mit den Cycloalkanon‐carbonsäureestern (II) über die Imine (III) die Spirocyclen (IV), von denen das N‐Benzyl‐spiropiperidin‐Derivat (IVd) in die Acetylverbindung (IVe) bzw. den Harnstoff (IVf) übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine Derivatives.
Authors: MOLINA P. , ALAJARIN M. , PEREZ DE VEGA M. J. , BECHER J.
Published: May 2016

Durch Bromierung der Vinylketone (I) bzw. durch Umsetzung der 3‐Formyl‐ pyridinthione (III) mit Phenacylbromiden (IV) entstehen Thieno‐pyridiniumsalze (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Interaction of Alkali Metals with Unsaturated Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: KABAN S.
Published: May 2016

1,4‐Diphenyl‐phthalazin (I) liefert ein Dianion (II), dessen Struktur diskutiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies in the Cycloproparene Series. 1,3‐Diradical Intermediates in 3H‐Pyrazole Photolyses: 1,4‐Addition to Dienes.
Authors: BUCKLAND S. J. , HALTON E. , STANOVNIK B.
Published: May 2016

Die bei der Photolyse von (I) postulierten Zwischenstufen (II) werden mit Methanol (V), Furan (VI) bzw. Butadien (VIII) unter Bildung der Addukte (IV), (VII) bzw. (IX) abgefangen Ohne derartige Zusätze entstehen die Produkte (III) nur in geringer Ausbeute.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrimido[1,6‐a]pyrido[3,4‐b]indoles as New Platelet Inhibiting Agents.
Authors: BLASKO G. , MAJOR E. , BLASKO G. , ROZSA I. , SZANTAY C.
Published: May 2016

Compound (IX) is synthesized as indicated in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of Thienothiadiazolopyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: RUSSO F. , SANTAGATI A. , SANTAGATI M. , CARUSO A. , TROMBADORE S. , AMICO‐ROXAS M.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (III) are submitted to a series of pharmacological tests.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylation of Guanine. Part 2. The Synthesis of Acyclic Guanosine Analogs via the Precursor 7‐Methyl‐10‐oxo‐9,10‐dihydropyrimido[1,2‐a]purine.
Authors: KJELLBERG J. , HAGBERG C.‐E. , MALM A. , NOREN J. O. , JOHANSSON N. G.
Published: May 2016

Alkylation of the title compound (III) with (IV) gives the isomers (Wand (VI); the product ratio (but not the yields) remains unaffected if K2CO3 is replaced by other bases.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of 5‐Substituted 1‐Phenylimidazo(4,5‐d)(1,3)oxazine‐ 7(1H)‐ones.
Authors: KASEK K. , WAGNER G.
Published: May 2016

The 5‐phenyl substituent of the imidazooxazinone (II) can be replaced by a methyl or ethyl group [to give the title compounds (IV)] via the imidazole carboxamide (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Method for Preparation of 2‐Thioxotetrahydro‐1,3‐oxazines.
Authors: FUELOEP F. + , CSIRINYI B. , BERNATH G. , SZABO J. A.
Published: May 2016

Die Aminoalkohole (I) liefern mit Schwefelkohlenstoff (II) und Triethylamin (III) die Dithiocarbamate (IV), die mit dem Chlorameisensäureester (V) zu den cyclischen Thiocarbamaten (VI) ringschließen.
ChemInform Abstract: Analgesic Drugs. Part 11. Diacyl Derivatives of Butyroguanamine.
Authors: KREUTZBERGER A. , LOCH M.
Published: May 2016

Die durch Acylierung des Diaminotriazins (I) hergestellten Bis‐amidotriazine (III) werden auf pharmakologische, fungizide und herbizide Wirkung geprüft.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 6‐Alkyl/Aryl quinazolino‐[3,2‐b][1,2,4]benzothiadiazine‐13(6H)‐one 11,11‐Dioxides.
Authors: REDDY A. V. N. , KAMAL A. , RAO A. B. , SATTUR P. B.
Published: May 2016

All the title compounds (III) show mild to moderate analgesic and antiinflammatory activity and the highest inhibition of inflammation is exhibited by (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐(sec‐Amino)‐6‐aryl‐1,3,5‐thiadiazine‐2‐ones, Access from 1,3,5‐Oxadiazinium Salts.
Authors: SCHROTH W. , KLUGE H. , SPITZNER R.
Published: May 2016

The oxadiazinium salts (I) react with H2S/NEt3 to give the guanidines (II), cyclodeamination of which in an acidic medium leads to the thiadiazinones (III) [the reaction can also be performed as a one‐pot procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 1λ6,2,6‐Thiadiazines by Condensation with S,S‐Dialkylsulfur Diimides.
Authors: RIED W. , JACOBI M. A.
Published: May 2016

Reactions of ketene mercaptals (Ia), (Ib), (Id) with S,S‐dialkylsulfurdiimides (II) give the colourless l t°,2,6‐thiadiazines (III); reaction of (Ic) with (II) leads to ring‐opened products (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Twelve‐ring Azacrowns with 2‐Alkoxyethyl Side‐Arms.
Authors: BUOEEN S. , DALE J.
Published: May 2016

With a view to rendering the azacrown (Ia) more lipophilic, it is converted to its methyl (Ib) and ethyl (Ic) derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Substituted 6,12‐Diaryldibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocines and Their Precursor Schiff Bases.
Authors: ACHARYA B. P. , RAO Y. R.
Published: May 2016

Die Friedel‐Crafts‐Acylierung von Benzol (I) mit 2‐Isocyanatobenzoylchloriden (II) und die anschließende Umsetzung mit Z‐Aminobenzophenonen (IV) führen zu einem Produktgemisch der Ketimine (V) und der Dibenzodiazocine (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular C‐Arylation of Benzylated Sugars. The Unexpected Double C‐Glyco.
Authors: MARTIN O. R. , MAHNKEN R. E.
Published: May 2016

Das Ribofurai nosylacetat (Ia) ergibt bei der Behandlung mit Zinntetrachlorid ein Gemisch der Verbindungen (IIa) und (IIb), von denen (IIa) auch aus dem Methylglykosid (Ib) zugänglich ist.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis Method for the Preparation of 2,8‐Disubstituted Oxocane Derivatives: Synthesis of Lauthisan and Laurenan.
Authors: CARLING R. W. , HOLMES A. B.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von Cycloheptanon (I) erhält man die sehr instabilen Methylenether (VI), die zu den Alkoholen (VII) und (VIII) hydroboriert und oxidiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon Compounds and Their Group Homologs. Part. 65. Unsaturated Silicon Compounds.
Authors: WIBERG N. , WAGNER G.
Published: May 2016

(I) ‐ 4 THF decomposes in the presence of Me3SiCl at room temp. into a monotetrahydrofuran adduct of the title compound (II).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐ and C‐Silylation of β‐Lactams.
Authors: BERGMANN H.‐J. , MAYRHOFER R. , OTTO H.‐H.
Published: May 2016

Die Azetidinone (I) reagieren mit LDA und Trimethylchlorsilan (II) in kinetisch kontrollierter Reaktion zum cis‐substituierten C3‐silylierten Azetidinon (IIIa), das unter Basenkatalyse zum thermodynamisch stabileren β‐Lactam (IIIb) isomerisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: A New, Efficient Synthesis of Thioloesters.
Authors: NOWICKI T. , MARKOWSKA A. , KIELBASINSKI P. , MIKOLAJCZYK M.
Published: May 2016

Alkohole (I) in Form ihrer Isoharnstoffether (II) werden mit Thiophosphorsäure‐0,0‐diethylester (III) bzw. Thiocarbonsäuren (V) zu Thioloestern (IV) bzw. (VI) umgesetzt, wobei die entsprechenden Thionoester nur als Nebenprodukte bis zu 10% entstehen.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Chemistry of the Lamellar MPS3 Materials: Metal‐Ligand Cleavage as the Source of an Unusual "Cation‐Transfer" Intercalation Process.
Authors: CLEMENT R. , GARNIER O. , JEGOUDEZ J.
Published: May 2016

Although the MPS3 layers (M: Mn, Cd, Zn, Fe) are made up of infinite arrays of P282′ units coordinated to the M" cations, the metal ‐ ligand (M ‐ S) bonding still exhibits enough lability to allow the M" cations to jump, under very mild conditions, from intra‐ toward interlamellar sites (or the opposite) and even to be removed from the material, provided a suitable cation is available to intercalate the lattice and maintain electrical neutrality.
ChemInform Abstract: Atom Transfer and Chelate Fragmentation Reactions of Bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium Thiophosphoryls.
Authors: ZANK G. A. , RAUCHFUSS T. B.
Published: May 2016

The compound (II) reacts with 1 or 2 equiv. of O2 to give the six‐ or seven‐membered heterocycles (I) or (III) (space group PI, Z=2).
ChemInform Abstract: Dioxomolybdenum(VI)‐Substituted 2,6‐Pyridinedimethanol Complexes: New Five‐ Coordinate Species.
Authors: HAWKINS J. M. , DEWAN J. C. , SHARPLESS K. B.
Published: May 2016

The pyridinediol (IIa), whose utility as a new C2 symmetric chiral ligand was explored, was prepared in a single pot from (I) by two successive lithiation and pivalaldehyde trap cycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzylidene‐bridged Bisqientacarbonyltungsten) Complexes by Thermolysis of Terminal Benzylidenepentacarbonyltungsten Complexes.
Authors: FISCHER H. , ZEUNER S. , ACKERMANN K. , SCHMID J.
Published: May 2016

Thermolysis of the terminal benzylidene‐Wcomplexes (I) in aliphatic, aromatic, or halogenated hydrocarbons gives the benzylidene‐bridged complexes (II) as well as cis‐ and trans‐stilbenes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese(II) Complexes of Polydentate Schiff Bases. Part 1. Synthesis, Characterization, Magnetic Properties, and Molecular Structure.
Authors: MABAD B. , CASSOUX P. , TUCHAGUES J.‐P. , HENDRICKSON D. N.
Published: May 2016

The potentially penta‐ or hexadentate Schiff base ligands result from the condensation of salicylaldehyde or its 5‐nitro derivative with diaminopropanol or tri‐ or tetraamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Novel Metallocene: [2](2,5)‐p‐Benzoquino[0](1,1′)‐ferrocene[0]paracyclophane.
Authors: KASAHARA A. , SHIMIZU I. , OOKURA K.
Published: May 2016

Die Herstellung der im Titel genannten Verbindung (VII) erfolgt ausgehend von dem Ferrocen (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphinothioic Organylamidato Complexes [Et2P(S)NR]2Ni, Planar‐Tetrahedral Chelates with Metal‐Nitrogen ‐ Sulfur Chromophores.
Authors: FUCHS M. , KUCHEN W. , PETERS W.
Published: May 2016

The extremely moist‐sensitive title complexes (IV) are obtained by lithiation of the phosphinothioic amides (II), products from (I) and appropriate prim. amines, and followed reaction with Ni(II) halides with or without isolation of the intermediary Li amides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid, Reversible Heterolytic Cleavage of the Co‐Rh Bond in (CO)4Co‐Rh(CO)(PEt3)2.
Authors: ROBERTS D. A. , MERCER W. C. , GEOFFROY G. L. , PIERPONT C. G.
Published: May 2016

The title complex (II) results in high yield from the reaction of (I) with NaCo(CO)4.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Reaction of Enol Triflates with 1‐Alkynes.
Authors: CACCHI S. , MORERA E. , ORTAR G.
Published: May 2016

Die Alkylierung von Acetylenen (I) mit den Steroid‐Enoltriflaten (II) gelingt in Gegenwart von Bis‐(triphenylphosphin)‐pal1adiumdiacetat, wobei ein Zusatz von Kupfer(I)‐iodid die Reaktion bereits bei Raumtemperatur ermöglicht.
ChemInform Abstract: Partially Modified retro‐inverso Peptide Analogs: [pGlu6, Phe7psi(NH‐CO)Phe8]Substance P (6‐11), Synthesis and Biological Activity.
Authors: CHOREV M. , YAION M. , WORMSER U. , LEVIAN‐TEITELBAUM D. , GILON C. , SELINGER Z.
Published: May 2016

The title analogue (VIII) of the substance P (IXa) related C‐terminal hexapeptide (IXb) is synthesized as shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Putative Subtype Specific Antigenic Heptapeptide from Escherichia coli K88 ad Protein Fimbriae.
Authors: MELDAL M.
Published: May 2016

The title heptapeptide ester (VIIb) covering the amino acid sequence of the region 213‐219 of E. coli K88 ad protein fimbriae is synthesized by conventional stepwise assembly methods starting from the amino acid derivatives (I) and (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Antagonists of Substance P.
Authors: FOLKERS K. , ROSELL S. , CHU J.‐Y. , LU L.‐A. , TANG P.‐F. L. , LJUNGQVIST A.
Published: May 2016

The known antagonist (IIa) (Spantide) which is an analogue of substance P (I) serves as reference antagonist for the design of 47 new peptides ‐ e.g. (IIb), (IIc), (III)‐(V) ‐ toward the goal of more potent inhibitors.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Tigloylazadirachtol (Tigloyl = 2‐Methylcrotonoyl), an Insect Growth Regulating Constituent of Azadirachta indica.
Authors: KLENK A. , BOKEL M. , KRAUS W.
Published: May 2016

Dem Desacetylazadirachtinol wird aufgrund von 1H‐ und 13C‐NMR‐Daten die Struktur (I) der im Titel genannten Verbindung zugeordnet.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Cyclic Decapeptides with Four Ornithyl Residues Related to Gramicidin S.
Authors: ANDO S. , NISHIKAWA H. , TAKIGUCHI H. , IZUMIYA N.
Published: May 2016

The title cyclopeptides (VIII) related to Gramicidin S (IX) are synthesized as shown in the scheme in order to investigate the contributions of an increase in the basic amino acid residues and of configurations of phenylalanyl and prolyl residues toward antibacterial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2β‐Azidomethylpenicillin‐1,1‐dioxides and 3β‐Azido‐3‐methylcepham‐1,1‐dioxides‐
Authors: MICETICH R. G. , MAITI S. N. , SPEVAK P. , TANAKA M. , YAMAZAKI T. , OGAWA K.
Published: May 2016

Die Synthese der im Titel genannten Verbindungen (X) und (XI) erfolgt aus 6‐Aminopenicillansäure (I) gemäß Formelschema.
ChemInform Abstract: Microbial Approach to the Practical Monofluorinated Chiral Synthons.
Authors: KITAZUME T. , SATO T. , KOBAYASHI T. , LIN J. T.
Published: May 2016

Durch mikrobiologische Hydrolyse mit einer Vielzahl von Lipasen und Cellulasen werden aus den fluorierten Malonestern (I) die optisch aktiven Halbester (II) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry
Authors: COYLE J. D.
Published: May 2016

Review: (48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Chemistry. Physical Methods and Techniques. NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: MCFARLANE W.
Published: May 2016

Review: (52 refs.
Reaction Mechanism of 2‐Methylisoborneol and 2,4,6‐Trichloroanisole in Catalytic Ozonation by γ‐AlOOH: Role of Adsorption
Authors: Xu Bingbing , Qi Fei
Published: May 2016

In this investigation, the role of adsorption mechanism of taste and odor chemicals (T&O) in catalyzed ozonation was studied to explain the selectivity in this advanced oxidation process. The selectivity degradation of 2‐methylisoborneol (MIB) and 2,4,6‐trichloroanisole (TCA) in catalytic ozonation by γ‐AlOOH (HAO) was observed, where the removal efficiency was 27.5 and 79.3% for MIB and TCA, respectively. Radical scavenger tests suggested that catalytic ozonation of TCA followed a hydroxyl radical (•OH) reaction mechanism as over 99% degradation by •OH in phase I. Degradation of MIB was dominated by the solid surface mechanism as only 63.92% degradation was deduced by •OH. According to the results of the adsorption kinetics and isotherm, the adsorbed amount of MIB on the surface of HAO by chemical adsorption was over ten times larger than that of TCA. The adsorption of T&O on HAO inhibited the generation of •OH, according to the variation of ratio of hydroxyl radical concentration to ozone concentration, Rct. Chemical adsorption between HAO and T&O was the key factor that determined the reaction mechanism of catalytic ozonation.
Efficient Inhibition of Telomerase by Nickel–Salophen Complexes
Authors: Lecarme Laureline , Prado Enora , De Rache Aurore , Nicolau‐Travers Marie‐Laure , Gellon Gisèle , Dejeu Jérôme , Lavergne Thomas , Jamet Hélène , Gomez Dennis , Mergny Jean‐Louis , Defrancq Eric , Jarjayes Olivier , Thomas Fabrice
Published: May 2016

Four nickel(II)–salophen complexes containing alkyl‐imidazolium chains connected at the ortho or meta positions were prepared: N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxy‐4‐methyl‐3H‐imidazol‐1‐iumbenzylideneamino)phenylenediamine (1), N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐3H‐imidazol‐1‐iumbenzylideneamino)phenylenediamine (2), N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐3H‐imidazol‐1‐iumbenzylideneamino)methyl‐3H‐imidazol‐1‐iumphenylenediamine (3), and N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxy‐4‐methyl‐3H‐imidazol‐1‐iumbenzylideneamino)methyl‐3H‐imidazol‐1‐iumphenylenediamine (4). They protect G‐quadruplex DNA (G4‐DNA) against thermal denaturation and show KA values in the range of 7.4×105 to 4×107 m−1 for G4‐DNA models. Complex 4 exhibits an IC50 value of 70 nm for telomerase inhibition.
Structure and Dynamics of Water/Methanol Mixtures at Hydroxylated Silica Interfaces Relevant to Chromatography
Authors: Gupta Prashant Kumar , Meuwly Markus
Published: May 2016

The spectroscopy and dynamics of water/methanol (MeOH) mixtures at hydroxylated silica surfaces is investigated from atomistic simulations. The particular focus is on how the structural dynamics of MeOH changes when comparing surface‐bound and MeOH in the bulk. From analyzing the frequency frequency correlation functions it is found that the dynamics on the picosecond time scale differs by almost a factor of two. While the relaxation time is 2.0 ps for MeOH in the bulk solvent it is considerably slowed‐down to 3.5 ps for surface‐bound MeOH. Surface‐adsorbed MeOH molecules reside there for several nanoseconds and their H‐bonds are strongly oriented towards the surface‐OH groups. These results are of particular relevance for chromatographic systems where the solvent may play a central role in their function. The present simulations suggest that surface‐sensitive spectroscopic techniques should be useful in better characterizing such heterogeneous systems and provide detailed insight into solvent dynamics and structure relevant in chromatographic applications.
Functional measure of ozone exposure to model short‐term health effects
Authors: Arisido Maeregu Woldeyes
Published: May 2016

This article explores the issue of measuring daily ozone exposure for epidemiological studies of pollutants and their effects on health. Generally, hourly monitored ozone has been reduced to daily summary measures, which are then assumed to represent daily individual exposure to the pollutant. We instead propose the use of a functional measure of ozone exposure, which means, all hourly ozone measurements from a single day, to model short‐term health effects. Functional data analysis techniques are used to convert hourly monitored ozone from a single day into a function accounting for the daily profile of ozone. The role of this functional exposure measure is to better represent daily individual exposure and to identify the periods of daily ozone exposure that are most harmful to health. This is demonstrated by analyzing the relationship between daily hospital admissions and ozone exposure in the Italian city of Milan using functional regression models. A statistically significant association between hospital admissions and this functional measure of ozone exposure was found in the afternoon hours of the day. We propose that the functional measure of ozone exposure has superior predictive performance compared with that obtained by measuring daily exposure through summary measures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of sediment toxicity identification evaluation techniques to a site with multiple contaminants
Authors: Bailey Howard C. , Curran Catherine A. , Arth Peter , Lo Bonnie P. , Gossett Rich
Published: May 2016

Sediment toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs) are conducted to determine causes of adverse effects observed in whole-sediment toxicity tests. However, in multiple contaminant scenarios, it is problematic to partition contributions of individual contaminants to overall toxicity. Using data from a site with multiple inputs and contaminants of concern, the authors describe a quantitative approach for the TIE process by tracking toxicity units to determine whether all toxicity is accounted for. The initial step established the level of toxicity associated with the whole sediment and then partitioned sources of toxicity into general contaminant classes (e.g., ammonia, metals, nonpolar organic compounds). In this case, toxicity was largely the result of nonpolar organics, so the sediments were extracted and the extracts added back into dilution water and tested to confirm recovery of toxicity. Individual fractions were then generated using a solvent gradient and tested for toxicity. Fractions of interest were evaluated with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to identify specific constituents associated with toxicity. Toxicity units associated with these constituents were then evaluated to determine probable associations with cause and whether all toxicity was accounted for. The data indicated that toxicity was associated with 2 contaminant classes, representing legacy compounds and contaminants of emerging concern, with the contribution of each varying across the site. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2456–2465. © 2016 SETAC
Effects of single and combined heavy metals and their chelators on aphid performance and preferences
Authors: Stolpe Clemens , Müller Caroline
Published: May 2016

When present at elevated levels in the environment, heavy metals are toxic for most organisms. However, so-called hyperaccumulator plants tolerate heavy metals and use chelators for their internal long-distance transport. Thus, phloem-sucking insects may come in contact with the chelated metals. In the present study, the effects of individual and combined heavy metals, zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd), as well as of common chelators, nicotianamine and phytochelatin, were investigated on the performance, preferences, and metal accumulation of the generalist aphid Myzus persicae, using artificial diets. Added Zn increased aphid growth, whereas Cd reduced the survival of aphids. Chelators had neither protective nor negative effects on aphids. The combination of the 2 heavy metals in chelated or nonchelated form caused a potentiation effect that led to an extinction of the aphids within less than 2 wk, before they could reproduce. Both Cd and Zn accumulated in the aphids, indicating a possible biomagnification. In choice assays, aphids preferred diets amended with Zn with or without nicotianamine compared to a control diet. In contrast, a Cd-containing diet led to neither attraction nor aversion. The present study provides insight into how mixtures of heavy metals and their chelators influence the life history of a generalist aphid. The results have implications for the use of phytoremediation to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:3023–3030. © 2016 SETAC
Research Opportunities for Neural Networks: The Case for Credit
Authors: Trinkle Brad S. , Baldwin Amelia A.
Published: May 2016

This article identifies research opportunities in the use of artificial neural networks in credit scoring and related business intelligence situations, particularly as they have been emerging in the global economy. In the literature review, particular attention is paid to commercial lending credit risk assessment and consumer credit scoring. Investors and auditors need models that can predict whether a customer will stay viable. Lenders must manage their credit risk to maximize profits and cash flow, while minimizing losses. As the global economic recession continues, investors are tightening their investment belts and need models that help them make better investment decisions, while lenders must strengthen lending practices and better identify both good and bad credit risks. Artificial neural networks may help firms improve their credit model development, and thereby their credit decisions and profitability. Such technology may also help improve development in emerging economies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arsenic processing of yeast isolates IIB‐As1 & IIB‐As2 and production of glutathione under stress conditions
Authors: Muneer Bushra , Lali Tayyaba , Iqbal Muhammad J. , Shakoori Farah R. , Shakoori Abdul R.
Published: May 2016

Four arsenic resistant yeast were isolated from the industrial wastewater. Two strains IIB‐As1 and IIB‐As2 identified as Candida tropicalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively. IIB‐As1 and IIB‐As2 showed maximum arsenic resistance. IIB‐As1 showed maximum growth at 35 °C whereas it was 30 °C for IIB‐As2. The yeast isolate showed typical growth curves, but arsenic extended the lag phase. Glutathione plays an important role in metal tolerance. In the present study, As increased the level glutathione and non‐protein thiols in yeast isolates. Removal of As from supernatant was analyzed using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. They removed arsenic from the medium after 72 h of incubation. Both yeast strains efficiently removed arsenic from the industrial effluent when used individually or in consortia.
Stability and Reorganization of α′‐Crystals in Random l/d‐Lactide Copolymers
Authors: Di Lorenzo Maria Laura , Androsch René
Published: May 2016

The isotropic melt of poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and random l/d‐lactide copolymers with 2% and 4% d‐isomer co‐units in the chain has been crystallized at 90 °C, which leads to growth of α′‐crystals. The maximum melting temperature of the α′‐crystals is around 150 °C in case of the homopolymer, and decreases by about 10 and 15 K in the random copolymers containing 2% and 4% d‐isomer co‐units, respectively. Analysis of the stability of the α′‐crystals requires suppression of formation of α‐structure, which is achieved by fast heating using a fast scanning chip calorimeter. For the PLLA homopolymer, the critical heating rate above which the α′/α‐transition is completely suppressed is around 30 K s–1, which significantly decreases in the copolymers due to the presence of d‐isomer co‐units. The slower kinetics of the melting‐recrystallization process in such random l/d‐lactide copolymers is explained by the required segregation of the chain defects.

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A Solvent‐Based Strategy for Tuning the Internal Structure of Metallo‐Folded Single‐Chain Nanoparticles
Authors: Basasoro Senda , Gonzalez‐Burgos Marina , Moreno Angel J. , Verso Federica Lo , Arbe Arantxa , Colmenero Juan , Pomposo José A.
Published: May 2016

Controlling the spatial distribution of catalytic sites in metallo‐folded single‐chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) is a first step toward the rational design of improved catalytic soft nano‐objects. Here an unexplored pathway is reported for tuning the internal structure of metallo‐folded SCNPs. Unlike the conventional SCNP synthesis in good solvent (protocol I), the proposed new route (protocol II) is based on the use of amphiphilic random copolymers and transfer, after SCNP formation, from selective to good (nonselective) solvent conditions. The size and morphology of the SCNPs obtained by the two protocols, and the corresponding spatial distribution of the catalytic sites, have been determined by combining results from size exclusion chromatography with triple detection, small‐angle X‐ray scattering and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Remarkably, the use of these protocols allows the tuning of the internal structure of the metallo‐folded SCNPs, as supported by MD simulations results. While the conventional protocol I yields a homogeneous distribution of the catalytic sites in the SCNP, these are arranged into clusters in the case of protocol II.

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Discrete problems associated to elliptic equations
Authors: Cuevas Claudio , Soto Herme , Ubilla Pedro
Published: May 2016

This paper deals with the existence of positive solutions of the discrete counterpart of nonlinear elliptic problems. We apply our methods to the study of positive solutions under different hypotheses about the nonlinearities. For example, we consider the cases that are superlinear and sublinear at infinity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Approximations for heavily loaded G/GI/n + GI queues
Authors: Liu Yunan , Whitt Ward , Yu Yao
Published: May 2016

Motivated by applications to service systems, we develop simple engineering approximation formulas for the steady‐state performance of heavily loaded G/GI/n+GI multiserver queues, which can have non‐Poisson and nonrenewal arrivals and non‐exponential service‐time and patience‐time distributions. The formulas are based on recently established Gaussian many‐server heavy‐traffic limits in the efficiency‐driven (ED) regime, where the traffic intensity is fixed at ρ > 1, but the approximations also apply to systems in the quality‐and‐ED regime, where ρ > 1 but ρ is close to 1. Good performance across a wide range of parameters is obtained by making heuristic refinements, the main one being truncation of the queue length and waiting time approximations to nonnegative values. Simulation experiments show that the proposed approximations are effective for large‐scale queuing systems for a significant range of the traffic intensity ρ and the abandonment rate θ, roughly for ρ > 1.02 and θ > 2.0. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 187–217, 2016
Hybrid poly(lactic acid)/nanocellulose/nanoclay composites with synergistically enhanced barrier properties and improved thermomechanical resistance
Authors: Trifol Jon , Plackett David , Sillard Cecile , Szabo Peter , Bras Julien , Daugaard Anders E
Published: May 2016

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)‐based hybrid nanocomposites (PLA, nanoclay and nanocellulose) were prepared by reinforcing neat PLA with commercially available nanoclay (Cloisite C30B) and nanocellulose, in the form of either partially acetylated cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) or nanocrystalline cellulose. Composites with 1 or 5 wt% of nanocellulose, in combination with 1, 3 and 5 wt% of nanoclay, were prepared, and their barrier properties were investigated. It was found that the combination of clay and nanocellulose clearly resulted in synergistic behaviour in terms of the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) through a reduction of up to 90% in OTR and a further reduction in the water vapour transmission rate of up to 76%. In addition, the nanocomposite films showed improved thermomechanical resistance and improved crystallisation kinetics while maintaining high film transparency. This makes the hybrid PLA/CNF/C30B nanocomposites a very promising material for food packaging applications. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Acetonic Extract from the Feijoa sellowiana Berg. Fruit Exerts Antioxidant Properties and Modulates Disaccharidases Activities in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Turco Fabio , Palumbo Ilaria , Andreozzi Paolo , Sarnelli Giovanni , De Ruberto Francesca , Esposito Giuseppe , Basile Adriana , Cuomo Rosario
Published: May 2016

Feijoa sellowiana fruit has been shown to possess various biological activities, such as anti‐bacterial and anti‐cancer properties, in a variety of cellular models, but its activity on human intestinal epithelial cells has never been tested. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the acetonic extract of F. sellowiana fruits on the viability, membrane peroxidation, disaccharidases activities and proliferation of in vitro models of human intestinal epithelial cells. To obtain this goal, Caco‐2 and HT‐29 cells were exposed to the acetonic extract for 24 h. Cell proliferation, viability, lactase and sucrase‐isomaltase activity and H2O2‐induced membrane lipid peroxidation were tested. We found that, compared to control conditions, the acetonic extract significantly increased lactase and sucrase‐isomaltase activity in Caco‐2, but not HT‐29, cells, decreased proliferation, had no effects on viability and restored lipid peroxidation in both cell models. This study suggests that the acetonic extract improves lactase and sucrase‐isomaltase activity, inhibits cell proliferation, have no cytotoxic effects and prevent lipid peroxidation of intestinal epithelial cells. These effects may be exploited in case of disaccharidases deficit and also as an adjuvant treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the interaction patterns among taxa and environments from marine metagenomic data
Authors: Wei Ze‐Gang , Zhang Shao‐Wu , Jing Fang
Published: May 2016

The sequencing revolution driven by high‐throughput technologies has generated a huge amount of marine microbial sequences which hide the interaction patterns among microbial species and environment factors. Exploring these patterns is helpful for exploiting the marine resources. In this paper, we use the complex network approach to mine and analyze the interaction patterns of marine taxa and environments in spring, summer, fall and winter seasons. With the 16S rRNA pyrosequencing data of 76 time point taken monthly over 6 years, we first use our MtHc clustering algorithm to generate the operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Then, employ the k‐means method to divide 76 time point samples into four seasonal groups, and utilize mutual information (MI) to construct the four correlation networks among microbial species and environment factors. Finally, we adopt the symmetrical non‐negative matrix factorization method to detect the interaction patterns, and analysis the relationship between marine species and environment factors. The results show that the four seasonal microbial interaction networks have the characters of complex networks, and interaction patterns are related with the seasonal variability; the same environmental factor influences different species in the four seasons; the four environmental factors of day length, photosynthetically active radiation, NO2+NO3 and silicate may have stronger influences on microbes than other environment factors.