bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A metasynthesis of qualitative studies on casual sexual relationships and experiences
Authors: Rodrigue Carl , Fernet Mylène
Published: November 2016

Most studies on casual sexual relationships and experiences (CSREs) are quantitative and focus on characteristics of individuals who experience them. There has been an increase in qualitative research on CSREs that have revealed new insights into how they are experienced among young adults. To synthesize qualitative knowledge on how CSREs are experienced, a qualitative metasynthesis was carried out using 13 studies published up to June, 2015, yielding seven conceptual categories. Opportunities and choices regarding CSREs were organized according to biographical context, socioenvironmental context, and peer norms. Expectations of CSREs related to lack of communication, emotional, and sexual commitment or accountability. Implicit rules allowed maintaining boundaries between sex and emotion. Thus, CSREs can satisfy various needs related to sex and intimacy. Sex in CSREs was reported as pleasure-centred, accessible, and improved when experienced in association with intimacy. However, intimacy and gender roles interfered with condom use. The sexual double standard and gender roles limited women's agency and enjoyment of sex. Expectations for the lack of intimacy and communication conflicted with developing unrequited feelings, resulting in self-blame and attempts to suppress emotions. While partners may have a hard time defining their relationship over time, some CSREs involved developing friendships or romance, and ruining friendships. The results indicate a clash between expectations, rules, and experiences of CSREs. The lack of symbolic markers for the meaning or status of CSREs as they develop can be seen as a consequence of the complexity of these relationships.
Sacred Scripture at Vatican ii
Authors: Moloney Francis J.
Published: November 2016

The documents of the Second Vatican Council are shot through with the language of the Bible, Christian liturgical traditions, and the fathers of the church. The church's historical journey away from its earlier focus upon these sources was reversed at Vatican ii. Two documents deal specifically with the use of the Word of God: Sacrosanctum Concilium (On the Liturgy) and Dei Verbum (On Revelation). sc, the first document to appear (1963), insisted upon a broader and deeper use of the Word of God in the liturgical texts, and in a renewal of the lectionary. Vernacular celebration initiated a regular exposure to sacred Scripture and called for biblically based preaching. Promulgated toward the close of the council (1965), dv was an epoch-making statement on the function of revelation in the love affair between God and humankind. Crucial teachings upon the role and mutuality of Scripture, tradition, and the magisterium broke new ground in the history of Catholic thought. Not new, but freshly stated, Vatican ii insisted upon the unique reception of Jesus Christ at the one table of the Eucharist and the Word. The decades since the council have struggled to respond to the council's insistence upon the role of the Word of God at the heart of the Catholic Church. The challenge remains. It still remains to be faced in a Catholic world very different from the one that produced sc and dv.
The Liturgical Reform from 1963 until Today … and Beyond
Authors: Faggioli Massimo
Published: November 2016

The article recapitulates the importance of the constitution Sacrosanctum Concilium of Vatican ii and of the liturgical reform in terms of the constitution's overall contribution to the theology of Vatican ii, especially its ecclesiology. The article also draws a brief history of the reception and application of the liturgical reform after Vatican ii in a few phases, adding to the periodization proposed by Martin Klöckener: 1964–1968 (the foundations of the liturgical reform), 1968–1974 (edition of liturgical books), 1974–1988 (the beginning of an ambivalence of the papacy about the liturgical reform of Vatican ii), 1988–2000 (signs of centralization and coming back to Latinization), 2001–2005 (Liturgiam Authenticam, 2001), and the pontificate of Benedict xvi (especially the motu proprio Summorum Pontificum, 2007). An open issue is the contribution of Francis to this history of reception of the liturgical reform. The final part of the article explores how to move beyond a certain “Vatican ii nominalism” through a renewed look at the ecclesiology of the liturgical constitution, especially in light of the pontificate of Pope Francis and of the important contributions of the liturgical reform to the theological debate in these last fifty years.
Vatican ii and Feminism: Recovered Memories and Refreshed Hopes
Authors: Hinsdale Mary Ann
Published: November 2016

While the Second Vatican Council may have never used the word feminism in its documents, the decision to invite twenty-three women auditors to its third and fourth sessions began a trajectory of women's participation in theology and official church life that cannot be underestimated. The work of M. Carmel McEnroy and Catherine Clifford, as well as recent archival research, has recovered the informal but influential role these women played during the council. Yet possibly the most significant achievement of Vatican ii for women was that it afforded them the chance to become theologians and participate in the development of “feminist theologies.” The article traces the historical evolution of feminist theologies as “contextual” theologies, narrating how its projects embrace both “modern” and “postmodern” sensibilities. Given the recent call of Pope Francis for a “more incisive female presence in the church,” new hopes have arisen for what many in the church have considered a stalled trajectory of women's inclusion and participation in decision-making. The “pattern dynamics” of the next fifty years will tell whether or not Catholic women will finally cross the threshold to authentic baptismal equality in the church.
La liberté religieuse au concile Vatican II et depuis
Authors: Routhier Gilles
Published: November 2016

La reconnaissance de la liberté de la personne humaine et des communautés en matière religieuse est un des acquis majeurs de Vatican II. Cet enseignement, qui renouvelait le discours de l'Église catholique en cette matière, n'a pas été acquis facilement lors du concile. Depuis, cet enseignement a montré des limites dans un contexte profondément marqué par le pluralisme religieux, des violences commises au nom de la religion et des replis identitaires conséquents. S'appuyant sur la dignité de la personne humaine et argumentant à partir d'une conception que l'on croyait commune et partagée de la nature humaine et d'une définition de la religion qui apparaît à plusieurs aujourd'hui comme trop occidentale, le droit civil à la liberté religieuse reconnu par le concile fait aujourd'hui à nouveau débat et appelle de nouveaux approfondissements.
Recent Trends in Children's Literature Research: Return to the Body
Authors: Nikolajeva Maria
Published: November 2016

Twenty-first-century children's literature research has witnessed a material turn in strong response to the 1990s perception of childhood and the fictional child as social constructions. Cultural theories have generated fruitful approaches to children's fiction through the lenses of gender, class, race and sexual orientation, and psychoanalytically oriented theories have explored ways of representing childhood as a projection of (adult) interiority, but the physical existence of children as represented in their fictional worlds has been obscured by constructed social and psychological hierarchies. Recent directions in literary studies, such as ecocriticism, posthumanism, disability studies and cognitive criticism, are refocusing scholarly attention on the physicality of children's bodies and the environment. This trend does not signal a return to essentialism but reflects the complexity, plurality and ambiguity of our understanding of childhood and its representation in fiction for young audiences. This article examines some current trends in international children's literature research with a particular focus on materiality.
Bloodlands Fiction: Cultural Trauma Politics and the Memory of Soviet Atrocities in Breaking Stalin's Nose, A Winter's Day in 1939 and Between Shades of Gray
Authors: Oziewicz Marek
Published: November 2016

The field of trauma theory emerged in the 1990s out of the confluence of psychoanalysis, deconstruction and Holocaust studies. It soon consolidated into a trauma paradigm with hegemonic pretensions, which was ill-equipped to recognise traumatic experiences of non-Western and postcolonial groups or nations. It likewise tended to dismiss from trauma fiction any narratives that deviated from the aporetic model of normative trauma aesthetic. These limitations were exposed by the postcolonial turn in history and memory studies, which made it incumbent upon trauma theory to expand its focus to other literatures that bear witness to the so-far neglected, minoritarian trauma traditions. This essay introduces one such tradition, which is the recently emerged body of historical fiction about Soviet deportations, atrocities, genocide and other forms of persecution meant to subdue or eliminate entire ethnic or national groups in Eastern Europe between 1930 and the late 1950s. The genre of Bloodlands fiction, as I have called it elsewhere, 1 first exploded in national literatures of Eastern Europe in the mid-1990s, after fifty years of suppression of cultural memory under the Communist regimes. About a decade later works of Bloodlands fiction became available in English, often written by diaspora authors. Starting with a challenge to the conventional definition of trauma fiction, this essay argues for a wider model that accommodates genres including Bloodlands fiction. Readings of Breaking Stalin's Nose (2013) by Russian American Eugene Yelchin, A Winter's Day in 1939 (2013) by Polish New Zealander Melinda Szymanik and Between Shades of Gray (2011) by Lithuanian American Ruta Sepetys are used to illustrate some of the key features, textual strategies and cognitive effects of Bloodlands fiction as a genre of global trauma fiction.
Research in ActionSerendipity and Children's Literature Research in the Library
Authors: Kidd Kenneth , Pearson Lucy , Pyke Sarah
Published: November 2016

Serendipity has become a ‘sine qua non of archival research’ (Tamboukou 151), but it is less clear how it might be cultivated – or even whether such a pursuit is worthwhile. Newcastle University's 2015 masterclass on the place of the archive within children's literature research offered the opportunity to explore the role of serendipity from several perspectives, exposing both the possibilities and the limitations of serendipity in the archive. Paradoxically, serendipity is best fostered by sustained scholarly enquiry, but it also depends on a willingness to move beyond a focus on specific outcomes. This raises questions about the future of serendipitous research in an academic world which allows increasingly little time for exploratory research and about the impact of new technologies.
Children's Books in Translation: An Ethnographic Case-Study of Polish Lilliputian Publishers' Strategies
Authors: Biernacka-Licznar Katarzyna , Paprocka Natalia
Published: November 2016

This article is part of a larger research project investigating small, innovative Polish children's publishing companies. As shown in previous studies, these ‘Lilliputian publishers’ were important initiators of change in the cultural repertoire of children's books available in Poland at the turn of the millennium. The change they initiated is closely related to the fact that translations account for two-thirds of their output. Drawing on interviews and a case study of children's literature imported from France, the research reported in this article identifies and analyses the criteria and mechanisms of book selection for translation with a view to expanding understanding of the role of publishers in the literary translation event and their interactions with other actors in this process. The article explores also the impact of the studied publishers' literary imports on children's literature in Poland and, more generally, the role of the small, independent publishers as leaders of innovation in children's literature.
Palimpsestuous IntertextualitiesAdaptations for Young Audiences: Critical Challenges, Future Directions
Authors: McCallum Robyn
Published: November 2016

Historically, literary sources have always provided a rich resource for film narratives, meaning that the history of cinema is closely intertwined with the history of film adaptation. Children's literature in particular has been a favoured source of represented narratives. Some of the earliest film adaptations were of children's texts, many of which have been readapted multiple times. Adaptation studies has been a growth area of scholarly research and debate for at least five decades. However, despite the close imbrication of the film industry and children's literature since the early twentieth century, few adaptation scholars have turned their attention to the rich resource that children's and youth culture provides. This paper surveys dominant shifts in approaches to adaptation, in particular the shift from ‘fidelity criticism’ to a dialogic intertextual approach; the recent move back to a modified form of ‘fidelity criticism’; and the cultural work that has thus far been achieved in the field of adaptation studies and children's and youth culture. In doing so it examines the critical challenges faced by scholars in the field and the potent possibilities future scholarship might pursue.
Hope’s Movement toward Love in More and Aquinas
Authors: Gordon Walter M.
Published: November 2016

How do we ever arrive at loving an enemy? In the life of Thomas More, we witness such a change of heart. His antagonism toward those who threatened church unity is well known, but, from his prison cell, he confesses to a love for all. More’s understanding of hope helps us to learn something about the nature of this transformation. In a frame of mind that suggests the teachings of Aquinas, he despairs of his own merits and, after entrusting himself to God, he finds reason to hope for the hopeless, both for himself and all others, even his enemies.
Martin Luther and Thomas More: Two Trials of Conscience
Authors: Young Archibald
Published: November 2016

At their trials, both Luther and More seemed to defend themselves by arguing that their actions had been guided by conscience. On these grounds, later generations claimed them as champions of the freedom of individual conscience. However, the writings Luther produced in the years surrounding his trial suggest that while he believed faith was free, he deemed the individual conscience was not. Rather, it should be subject to the law. More, on the contrary, insisted that under certain circumstances conscience could claim to be free and believed that the principle of equity (in England associated with the law’s exercise of conscience) gave magistrates important discretionary powers to grant that freedom. Both More and Luther explored the way in which the experience of tribulation was related to the exercise of conscience, but on this topic, too, their ideas differed.
Modernité de Thomas More
Authors: Moreau Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2016

Rien ne saurait mieux illustrer la modernité de Thomas More que la décision de Jean-Paul II, en novembre 2000, d’en faire le Patron des responsables de gouvernement et des hommes politiques. Pour évoquer cette modernité, quatre thèmes ont été retenus, sans souci d’exhaustivité: sa stature morale et l’écho particulier qu’éveille aujourd’hui son héroïsme, l’Utopie, non point comme programme politique mais comme champ d’expérimentation intellectuelle et littéraire, les droits de la conscience individuelle et leur transformation en défense des droits de l’homme, l’Europe en construction actuellement n’est pas totalement étrangère à l’édifice (chrétienté) que More voulait maintenir : principe de subsidiarité, rapports entre droit communautaire/droit canon et droit des Etats membres/Common law etc.
Postmodern More
Authors: Prescott Anne Lake
Published: November 2016

Thomas More is often called a “humanist,” and rightly so if the word has its usual meaning in scholarship on the Renaissance. “Humanist” has by now acquired so many different and contradictory meanings, however, that it needs to be applied carefully to the likes of More. Many postmodernists tend to use the word, pejoratively, to mean someone who believes in an autonomous self, the stability of words, reason, and the possibility of determinable meanings. Without quite arguing that More was a postmodernist avant la lettre, this essay suggests that he was not a “humanist” who stalks the pages of much recent postmodernist theory and that in fact even while remaining a devout Catholic and sensible lawyer he was quite as aware as any recent critic of the slipperiness of human selves and human language. It is time that literary critics tightened up their definition of “humanist,” especially when writing about the Renaissance.
Thomas More et Pic de la Mirandole: Parcours croisés
Authors: Bore Isabelle
Published: November 2016

Partant de la constatation que le parcours de Thomas More est, en de nombreux points, semblable à celui de Pic de la Mirandole, je cherche à determiner en quoi Pic a pu être un modèle pour More. Une brève analyse de The Life of Pico me permet en particulier de poser la question de la fidélité de More par rapport à son modèle et d’évaluer l’influence de Pic sur la carrière littéraire de More tout en montrant l’ambiguïté de leurs relations.
Classical Rhetoric in Tyndale’s An Answere vnto Sir Thomas Mores Dialoge
Authors: O’Donnell Anne M.
Published: November 2016

Aristotle, Cicero, Quintilian, and Augustine define the means of persuasion and major styles of speaking and writing. Pseudo-Cicero’s Rhetorica ad Herennium and Quintilian’s Institutio oratoria classify numerous figures of speech. Using these categories, we analyze William Tyndale’s polemic, An Answere vnto Sir Thomas Mores Dialoge (1531). Under ethos, we trace the portrait of Tyndale. Under pathos, we examine the feelings supposedly evoked from More and from Little Flock. Under logos, we list Tyndale’s Reformation principles. Tyndale enhances the plain style with rhetorical questions, alliteration, and puns; the middle style with asyndeton; the grand style with personifications. Tyndale, the exiled biblical translator, is a voice crying in the wilderness.
The Problem of Counsel Revisited: More, Castiglione and the Resignation of Office in the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Headley John M.
Published: November 2016

Princely counsel, involving the courtier’s precarious engagement of the ruler’s affections for the hazardous task of guiding them, constitutes the veritable heart of sixteenth-century politics. Amidst the numerous contemporary manuals on the subject, one source has been largely overlooked: the first half of Book IV of Castiglione’s Courtegiano, used here to illuminate by contrast the case of the conscience-driven counselor become councillor of a tyrant. Viewed in this context, John Guy’s representation of More as “Reluctant Courtier” takes on greater depth. In More’s two different processes of resignation, further light is cast upon his dilemma and the dilemma of politics in general. This article seeks thus to apply the contemporary mirror afforded by Castiglione’s Courtegiano to Thomas More’s political career.
Sexual Generation and the “two-bodied” shapes of creatures in Edmund Spenser’s Faerie Queene
Authors: Mohsen Emilien
Published: November 2016

This article follows an aspect of Spenser’s structure of the The Faerie Queene, namely that of duality, to discuss how the notion of the body is treated. This representation gives way to doubleness, if not to say problematic expression of bipolarity, someties as both male and female figures, in the process of “sexual” regeneration or creation. The article, thus, mostly highlights the role of Britomart, the heroine of Book III, and Artegall, hero of Book V, as the one is presented in an armour, brandishing a “phallic” lance, and the other is introduced in a woman’s attire. In both of them, therefore, one finds the principle of the duality of bodily representation, or as Pico della Mirandola has it, that the male and female representation can be seen as “two powers in the same substance.”
Electrolyte Additive Concentration for Maximum Energy Storage in Lead-Acid Batteries
Authors: Paglietti Andreas
Published: November 2016

This paper presents a method to assess the effect of electrolyte additives on the energy capacity of Pb-acid batteries. The method applies to additives of various kinds, including suspensions and gels. The approach is based on thermodynamics and leads to the definition of a region of admissible concentrations—the battery’s admissible range—where the battery can operate without suffering irreversible changes. An experimental procedure to determine this range is presented. The obtained results provide a way to assess the potential of electrolyte additives to improve the energy capacity of Pb-acid batteries. They also provide a means to determine the additive concentration that produces the maximum energy capacity increase of the battery. The paper closes with an example of the application of the proposed approach to a practical case.
Controllable Hydrothermal Conversion from Ni-Co-Mn Carbonate Nanoparticles to Microspheres
Authors: Tang Yanqing , Lu Yangcheng , Luo Guangsheng
Published: November 2016

Starting from Ni-Co-Mn carbonate nanoparticles prepared by microreaction technology, uniform spherical particles of Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3CO3 with a size of 3–4 μm were obtained by a controllable hydrothermal conversion with the addition of (NH4)2CO3. Based on characterizations on the evolution of morphology and composition with hydrothermal treatment time, we clarified the mechanism of this novel method as a dissolution-recrystallization process, as well as the effects of (NH4)2CO3 concentration on the morphology and composition of particles. By changing concentrations and the ratio of the starting materials for nano-precipitation preparation, we achieved monotonic regulation on the size of the spherical particles, and the synthesis of Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4CO3 and Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3CO3, respectively. In addition, the spherical particles with a core-shell structure were preliminarily verified to be available by introducing nano-precipitates with different compositions in the hydrothermal treatment in sequence.
Gaussian Mixture Modeling for Detecting Integrity Attacks in Smart Grids
Authors: Ntalampiras Stavros , Soupionis Yannis
Published: November 2016

The thematics focusing on inserting intelligence in cyber-physical critical infrastructures (CI) have been receiving a lot of attention in the recent years. This paper presents a methodology able to differentiate between the normal state of a system composed of interdependent infrastructures and states that appear to be normal but the system (or parts of it) has been compromised. The system under attack seems to operate properly since the associated measurements are simply a variation of the normal ones created by the attacker, and intended to mislead the operator while the consequences may be of catastrophic nature. Here, we propose a holistic modeling scheme based on Gaussian mixture models estimating the probability density function of the parameters coming from linear time invariant (LTI) models. LTI models are approximating the relationships between the datastreams coming from the CI. The experimental platform includes a power grid simulator of the IEEE 30 bus model controlled by a cyber network platform. Subsequently, we implemented a wide range of integrity attacks (replay, ramp, pulse, scaling, and random) with different intensity levels. An extensive experimental campaign was designed and we report satisfying detection results.
A Forest Growth Model for the Natural Broadleaved Forests in Northeastern Korea
Authors: Choi Jiseon , An Hyunjin
Published: November 2016

While a large sum of timber stock in private forests, especially broadleaved forests, has been ignored by their owners, a rising global concern about climate change and ecosystems has led to a renewed interest in natural broadleaved forest management strategies. This study establishes the forest growth model for the natural broadleaved forest of Gangwon-do based on the matrix model developed by Buongiorno and Michie. The matrix model by Buongiorno and Michie has been widely applied to study forest population dynamics, especially for uneven-aged forests. To develop an existing matrix model, our approach applies transitional probabilities of forest stands which are calibrated using National Forest Inventory data. Both long and short-term predicted simulation results show that the predicted average tree density and diameter distribution from our model are very close to the stand density and diameter distribution from observed data. Although the model simplifies reality, the results from our study confirm that our models are valid enough to predict the average stand status of the broadleaved forests in Gangwon-do.
Recent Progress in Understanding the Large Scale Jets of Powerful Quasars
Authors: Georganopoulos Markos , Meyer Eileen , Perlman Eric
Published: November 2016

Our understanding of the physics of kpc-scale quasar jets had seemed to converge to a paradigm in which these jets are as highly relativistic on the kpc scale as they are on sub-pc scales close to the central black hole. Retaining bulk Lorentz factors (Γ) on the order of 10–20 at these distances implies a jet power comparable to or higher than their Eddington luminosity. We recently started challenging this paradigm, which was put in place to explain the surprisingly bright X-ray emission of the knots of many quasar jets as inverse Compton scattering off the cosmic microwave background (IC/CMB). We have shown that the knot X-ray emission of the archetypical jets 3C 273 and PKS 0637-752 is not due to IC/CMB. With IC/CMB disfavored, an alternative interpretation for the X-rays is synchrotron radiation from a second population of electrons accelerated in situ up to ∼100 TeV. These results are the first step towards resolving the long-standing issue of the nature of the X-ray emission in powerful quasar jets. Comprehensive observational and theoretical work on essentially all X-ray-detected large-scale quasar jets to test the IC/CMB model over a much larger population needs to be done to examine the implications of slower jets that are extremely efficient accelerators. A fascinating case can be made that—contrary to popular belief—the total radiative power of the large-scale jet of these sources is comparable to that of the quasar core. Even more so, the angle-integrated TeV output of these (previously thought TeV-quiet) quasar jets likely makes them the dominant class among active galactic nuclei (AGN), exceeding the TeV production of so-called TeV blazars.
Age-Related Modulations of AQP4 and Caveolin-1 in the Hippocampus Predispose the Toxic Effect of Phoneutria nigriventer Spider Venom
Authors: Soares Edilene , Stávale Leila , Mendonça Monique , Coope Andressa , Cruz-Höfling Maria
Published: November 2016

We have previously demonstrated that Phoneutria nigriventer venom (PNV) causes blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, swelling of astrocytes end-feet and fluid permeation into brain interstitium in rats. Caveolae and water channels respond to BBB alterations by co-participation in shear stress response and edema formation/resolution. Herein, we showed post-natal developmental-related changes of two BBB-associated transporter proteins: the endothelial caveolin-1 (Cav-1), the major scaffolding protein from caveolae frame, and the astroglial aquaporin-4 (AQP4), the main water channel protein expressed in astrocytic peri-vascular end-feet processes, in the hippocampus of rats intraperitoneally-administered PNV. Western blotting protein levels; immunohistochemistry (IHC) protein distribution in CA1, CA2, and CA3 subfields; and gene expression by Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) were assessed in post-natal Day 14 (P14) and 8–10-week-old rats over critical periods of envenomation. The intensity and duration of the toxic manifestations indicate P14 neonate rats more vulnerable to PNV than adults. Histologically, the capillaries of P14 and 8–10-week-old rats treated with PNV showed perivascular edema, while controls did not. The intensity of the toxic manifestations in P14 decreases temporally (2 > 5 > 24 h), while inversely the expression of AQP4 and Cav-1 peaked at 24 h when clinically PNV-treated animals do not differ from saline controls. IHC of AQP4 revealed that hippocampal CA1 showed the least expression at 2 h when toxic manifestation was maximal. Subfield IHC quantification revealed that in P14 rats Cav-1 peaked at 24 h when toxic manifestations were absent, whereas in 8–10-week-old rats Cav-1 peaked at 2 h when toxic signs were highest, and progressively attenuated such increases until 24 h, remaining though significantly above baseline. Considering astrocyte-endothelial physical and functional interactions, we hypothesize that age-related modulations of AQP4 and Cav-1 might be linked both to changes in functional properties of astrocytes during post-natal development and in the BBB breakdown induced by the venom of P. nigriventer.
Varietal Dependence of GLVs Accumulation and LOX-HPL Pathway Gene Expression in Four Vitis vinifera Wine Grapes
Authors: Qian Xu , Xu Xiao-Qing , Yu Ke-Ji , Zhu Bao-Qing , Lan Yi-Bin , Duan Chang-Qing , Pan Qiu-Hong
Published: November 2016

Variety is one of the major factors influencing grape and wine aromatic characteristics. Green leaf volatiles (GLVs), derived from lipoxygenase-hydroperoxides lyase (LOX-HPL) pathway, are important components for the aromatic quality of grapes and wines. However, the varietal difference regarding GLVs accumulation and related gene expression are poorly studied. This work exhibited that the accumulation of various GLVs and the expression of LOX-HPL pathway genes in four Vitis vinifera wine grape cultivars: Syrah, Muscat Tchervine, Gewürztraminer and Chardonnay. The results showed a variety dependence of GLVs profile. Muscat Tchervine harvested grapes contained less C6 aldehydes and the most abundant esters, which corresponded to very low VvLOXA and VvHPL1 expression abundance as well as high VvAAT transcript in this variety. High expression level of both VvLOXA and VvHPL1 paralleled with higher level of C6 aldehydes together with higher alcohols in Syrah grape. Gewürztraminer and Chardonnay grapes had high aldehydes and alcohols as well as low esters, which were resulted from their higher expression level of VvLOXA or VvHPL1 and lower VvAAT. From these above corresponding relations, it is concluded that VvLOXA, VvHPL1 and VvAAT in the LOX-HPL pathway are targets for altering GLVs composition in the grape varieties.
Dual Function of Glucosamine in Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid Cryogel to Modulate Scaffold Mechanical Properties and to Maintain Chondrogenic Phenotype for Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Authors: Chen Chih-Hao , Kuo Chang-Yi , Wang Yan-Jie , Chen Jyh-Ping
Published: November 2016

Glucosamine (GlcN) fulfills many of the requirements as an ideal component in scaffolds used in cartilage tissue engineering. The incorporation of GlcN in a gelatin/hyaluronic acid (GH) cryogel scaffold could provide biological cues in maintaining the phenotype of chondrocytes. Nonetheless, substituting gelatin with GlcN may also decrease the crosslinking density and modulate the mechanical properties of the cryogel scaffold, which may be beneficial as physical cues for chondrocytes in the scaffold. Thus, we prepared cryogel scaffolds containing 9% GlcN (GH-GlcN9) and 16% GlcN (GH-GlcN16) by carbodiimide-mediated crosslinking reactions at −16 °C. The crosslinking density and the mechanical properties of the cryogel matrix could be tuned by adjusting the content of GlcN used during cryogel preparation. In general, incorporation of GlcN did not influence scaffold pore size and ultimate compressive strain but increased porosity. The GH-GlcN16 cryogel showed the highest swelling ratio and degradation rate in hyaluronidase and collagenase solutions. On the contrary, the Young’s modulus, storage modulus, ultimate compressive stress, energy dissipation level, and rate of stress relaxation decreased by increasing the GlcN content in the cryogel. The release of GlcN from the scaffolds in the culture medium of chondrocytes could be sustained for 21 days for GH-GlcN16 in contrast to only 7 days for GH-GlcN9. In vitro cell culture experiments using rabbit articular chondrocytes revealed that GlcN incorporation affected cell proliferation, morphology, and maintenance of chondrogenic phenotype. Overall, GH-GlcN16 showed the best performance in maintaining chondrogenic phenotype with reduced cell proliferation rate but enhanced glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and type II collagen (COL II) secretion. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction also showed time-dependent up-regulation of cartilage-specific marker genes (COL II, aggrecan and Sox9) for GH-GlcN16. Implantation of chondrocytes/GH-GlcN16 constructs into full-thickness articular cartilage defects of rabbits could regenerate neocartilage with positive staining for GAGs and COL II. The GH-GlcN16 cryogel will be suitable as a scaffold for the treatment of articular cartilage defects.
HMGB1 Promotes Intraoral Palatal Wound Healing through RAGE-Dependent Mechanisms
Authors: Tancharoen Salunya , Gando Satoshi , Binita Shrestha , Nagasato Tomoka , Kikuchi Kiyoshi , Nawa Yuko , Dararat Pornpen , Yamamoto Mika , Narkpinit Somphong , Maruyama Ikuro
Published: November 2016

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is tightly connected to the process of tissue organization upon tissue injury. Here we show that HMGB1 controls epithelium and connective tissue regeneration both in vivo and in vitro during palatal wound healing. Heterozygous HMGB1 (Hmgb1+/−) mice and Wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to palatal injury. Maxillary tissues were stained with Mallory Azan or immunostained with anti-HMGB1, anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), anti-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p50 and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies. Palatal gingival explants were cultured with recombinant HMGB1 (rHMGB1) co-treated with siRNA targeting receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) for cell migration and PCNA expression analysis. Measurement of the wound area showed differences between Hmgb1+/− and WT mice on Day 3 after wounding. Mallory Azan staining showed densely packed of collagen fibers in WT mice, whereas in Hmgb1+/− mice weave-like pattern of low density collagen bundles were present. At three and seven days post-surgery, PCNA, NF-κB p50 and VEGF positive keratinocytes of WT mice were greater than that of Hmgb1+/− mice. Knockdown of RAGE prevents the effect of rHMGB1-induced cell migration and PCNA expression in gingival cell cultures. The data suggest that HMGB1/RAGE axis has crucial roles in palatal wound healing.
Influence of Secondary-Structure Folding on the Mutually Exclusive Folding Process of GL5/I27 Protein: Evidence from Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Wang Qing , Wang Yan , Chen Guangju
Published: November 2016

Mutually exclusive folding proteins are a class of multidomain proteins in which the host domain remains folded while the guest domain is unfolded, and both domains achieve exchange of their folding status by a mutual exclusive folding (MEF) process. We carried out conventional and targeted molecular dynamics simulations for the mutually exclusive folding protein of GL5/I27 to address the MEF transition mechanisms. We constructed two starting models and two targeted models, i.e., the starting models GL5/I27-S and GL5/I27-ST in which the first model involves the host domain GL5 and the secondary-structure unfolded guest domain I27-S, while the second model involves the host domain GL5 and the secondary/tertiary-structure extending guest domain I27-ST, and the target models GL5-S/I27 and GL5-ST/I27 in which GL5-S and GL5-ST represent the secondary-structure unfolding and the secondary/tertiary-structure extending, respectively. We investigated four MEF transition processes from both starting models to both target models. Based on structural changes and the variations of the radius of gyration (Rg) and the fractions of native contacts (Q), the formation of the secondary structure of the I27-guest domain induces significant extending of the GL5-host domain; but the primary shrinking of the tertiary structure of the I27-guest domain causes insignificant extending of the GL5-host domain during the processes. The results indicate that only formation of the secondary structure in the I27-guest domain provides the main driving force for the mutually exclusive folding/unfolding between the I27-guest and GL5-host domains. A special structure as an intermediate with both host and guest domains being folded at the same time was found, which was suggested by the experiment. The analysis of hydrogen bonds and correlation motions supported the studied transition mechanism with the dynamical “tug-of-war” phenomenon.
The Effect of Curing Temperature on the Properties of Cement Pastes Modified with TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Pimenta Teixeira Karine , Perdigão Rocha Isadora , De Sá Carneiro Leticia , Flores Jessica , Dauer Edward , Ghahremaninezhad Ali
Published: November 2016

This paper investigates the effect of curing temperature on the hydration, microstructure, compressive strength, and transport of cement pastes modified with TiO2 nanoparticles. These characteristics of cement pastes were studied using non-evaporable water content measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD), compressive strength test, electrical resistivity and porosity measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that temperature enhanced the early hydration. The cement pastes cured at elevated temperatures generally showed an increase in compressive strength at an early age compared to the cement paste cured at room temperature, but the strength gain decreased at later ages. The electrical resistivity of the cement pastes cured at elevated temperatures was found to decrease more noticeably at late ages compared to that of the room temperature cured cement paste. SEM examination indicated that hydration product was more uniformly distributed in the microstructure of the cement paste cured at room temperature compared to the cement pastes cured at elevated temperatures. It was observed that high temperature curing decreased the compressive strength and electrical resistivity of the cement pastes at late ages in a more pronounced manner when higher levels of TiO2 nanoparticles were added.
Recording Characteristics, Microstructure, and Crystallization Kinetics of Ge/GeCu Recording Film Used for Write-Once Blu-Ray Disc
Authors: Ou Sin-Liang , Lai Feng-Min , Wang Wei-Kai , Huang Shih-Yung , Sun An-Cheng , Tien Ching-Ho , Xu Zhi-Jia , Yeh Chin-Yen , Kao Kuo-Sheng
Published: November 2016

A Ge67Cu33 (16 nm) layer and a Ge (3 nm)/Ge67Cu33 (16 nm) bilayer were grown by sputtering at room temperature and used as the recording films for write-once blue laser media. In comparison to the crystallization temperature of Ge in a GeCu film (380.7 °C–405.1 °C), the crystallization temperature of Ge in a Ge/GeCu bilayer could be further decreased to 333.7 °C–382.8 °C. The activation energies of Ge crystallization were 3.51 eV ± 0.05 eV and 1.50 eV ± 0.04 eV for the GeCu and the Ge/GeCu films, respectively, indicating that the Ge/GeCu bilayer possesses a higher feasibility in high-speed optical recording applications. Moreover, the lower activation energy would lead to a larger grain size of Ge crystallization in the Ge/GeCu bilayer after the annealing process. Between the as-deposited and the annealed states, the optical contrasts (@ 405 nm) of the GeCu and the Ge/GeCu films were 26.0% and 47.5%, respectively. This reveals that the Ge/GeCu bilayer is more suitable for the recording film of a write-once blu-ray disc (BD-R) in comparison with the GeCu film. Based on the dynamic tests performed for 2× and 4× recording speeds, the optimum jitter values of the BD-R with the Ge/GeCu recording film were 7.4% at 6.3 mW and 7.6% at 8.6 mW, respectively.
Effect of Surface Texturing on Stresses during Rapid Changes in Temperature
Authors: Han Lei , Wu Yunxin , Gong Hai , Shi Wenze
Published: November 2016

Recently, there has been great interest in the application of the surface texturing method to enhance material surface performance. Material surfaces sometimes experience rapid temperature changes, and the local surface will obviously generate thermal stresses, which may be detrimental to the material structure. In order to understand the relationship between surface texturing and stresses, a numerical approach is used to investigate the effects of surface texturing on stresses. The results show that surface texturing can generate compressive stresses along the normal direction of the surface, and that strong tensional stresses can be formed in the center of a surface at the same time that are beneficial to material surface performance. However, a smooth surface cannot generate these beneficial stresses. In addition, there is an optimum design size with respect to textures, and the most desirable state of stress in a surface layer can be achieved at this size.
Ligustrazine-Oleanolic Acid Glycine Derivative, G-TOA, Selectively Inhibited the Proliferation and Induced Apoptosis of Activated HSC-T6 Cells
Authors: Bi Siling , Chu Fuhao , Wang Mina , Li Bi , Mao Pei , Zhang Huazheng , Wang Penglong , Guo Wenbo , Xu Liang , Ren Liwei , Lei Haimin , Zhang Yuzhong
Published: November 2016

Hepatic fibrosis is a naturally occurring wound-healing reaction, with an imbalance of extracellular matrix (ECM) during tissue repair response, which can further deteriorate to hepatocellular carcinoma without timely treatment. Inhibiting activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) proliferation and inducing apoptosis are the main methods for the treatment of liver fibrosis. In our previous study, we found that the TOA-glycine derivative (G-TOA) had exhibited more significant inhibitory activity against HepG2 cells and better hydrophilicity than TOA, ligustrazine (TMP), and oleanolic acid (OA). However, inhibiting activated HSC proliferation and inducing apoptosis by G-TOA had not been reported. In this paper, the selective cytotoxicity of G-TOA was evaluated on HSC-T6 cells and L02 cells, and apoptosis mechanisms were explored. It was found that G-TOA could selectively inhibit the proliferation of activated HSC-T6 cells, induce morphological changes, early apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, increase intracellular free calcium levels, downregulate the expression of NF-κB/p65 and COX-2 protein, and decrease the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, thereby inducing HSC-T6 cell apoptosis. Thence, G-TOA might be a potential antifibrosis agent for the therapy of hepatic fibrosis, provided that it exerts anti-fibrosis effects on activated HSC-T6 cells.
Investigating Glycol-Split-Heparin-Derived Inhibitors of Heparanase: A Study of Synthetic Trisaccharides
Authors: Ni Minghong , Elli Stefano , Naggi Annamaria , Guerrini Marco , Torri Giangiacomo , Petitou Maurice
Published: November 2016

Heparanase is the only known endoglycosidase able to cleave heparan sulfate. Roneparstat and necuparanib, heparanase inhibitors obtained from heparin and currently being tested in man as a potential drugs against cancer, contain in their structure glycol-split uronic acid moieties probably responsible for their strong inhibitory activity. We describe here the total chemical synthesis of the trisaccharide GlcNS6S-GlcA-1,6anGlcNS (1) and its glycol-split (gs) counterpart GlcNS6S-gsGlcA-1,6anGlcNS (2) from glucose. As expected, in a heparanase inhibition assay, compound 2 is one order of magnitude more potent than 1. Using molecular modeling techniques we have created a 3D model of 1 and 2 that has been validated by NOESY NMR experiments. The pure synthetic oligosaccharides have allowed the first in depth study of the conformation of a glycol-split glucuronic acid. Introducing a glycol-split unit in the structure of 1 increases the conformational flexibility and shortens the distance between the two glucosamine motives, thus promoting interaction with heparanase. However, comparing the relative activities of 2 and roneparstat, we can conclude that the glycol-split motive is not the only determinant of the strong inhibitory effect of roneparstat.
New Insights into the State Trapping of UV-Excited Thymine
Authors: Stojanović Ljiljana , Bai Shuming , Nagesh Jayashree , Izmaylov Artur , Crespo-Otero Rachel , Lischka Hans , Barbatti Mario
Published: November 2016

After UV excitation, gas phase thymine returns to a ground state in 5 to 7 ps, showing multiple time constants. There is no consensus on the assignment of these processes, with a dispute between models claiming that thymine is trapped either in the first (S1) or in the second (S2) excited states. In the present study, a nonadiabatic dynamics simulation of thymine is performed on the basis of ADC(2) surfaces, to understand the role of dynamic electron correlation on the deactivation pathways. The results show that trapping in S2 is strongly reduced in comparison to previous simulations considering only non-dynamic electron correlation on CASSCF surfaces. The reason for the difference is traced back to the energetic cost for formation of a CO π bond in S2.
Natural Compound Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (HDACi): Synergy with Inflammatory Signaling Pathway Modulators and Clinical Applications in Cancer
Authors: Losson Hélène , Schnekenburger Michael , Dicato Mario , Diederich Marc
Published: November 2016

The remarkable complexity of cancer involving multiple mechanisms of action and specific organs led researchers Hanahan and Weinberg to distinguish biological capabilities acquired by cancer cells during the multistep development of human tumors to simplify its understanding. These characteristic hallmarks include the abilities to sustain proliferative signaling, evade growth suppressors, resist cell death, enable replicative immortality, induce angiogenesis, activate invasion and metastasis, avoid immune destruction, and deregulate cellular energetics. Furthermore, two important characteristics of tumor cells that facilitate the acquisition of emerging hallmarks are tumor-promoting inflammation and genome instability. To treat a multifactorial disease such as cancer, a combination treatment strategy seems to be the best approach. Here we focus on natural histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), their clinical uses as well as synergies with modulators of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor signaling pathways.
Simultaneous Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Determination and Antioxidant Activity of Linarin, Luteolin, Chlorogenic Acid and Apigenin in Different Parts of Compositae Species
Authors: Hwang Seung , Paek Ji , Lim Soon
Published: November 2016

Linarin (LA), luteolin (LE), chlorogenic acid (CA) and apigenin (AP) are four major flavonoids with various promising bioactivities found in Compositae (COP) species. A reliable, reproducible and accurate method for the simultaneous and quantitative determination of these four major flavonoids by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) analysis was developed. This method should be appropriate for the quality assurance of COP. The UPLC separation was carried out using an octadecylsilane (ODS) Hypersil (2.1 mm × 250 mm, 1.9 μm) and a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water at a flow rate 0.44 mL/min and ultraviolet (UV) detection 254 nm. Gradient elution was employed. The method was precise, with relative standard deviation below 3.0% and showed excellent linearity (R2 > 0.999). The recoveries for the four flavonoids in COP were between 95.49%–106.23%. The average contents of LA, LE, CA and AP in different parts (flower, leave and stem) of COP were between 0.64–1.47 g/100 g, 0.66–0.89 g/100 g, 0.32–0.52 g/100 g and 0.16–0.18 g/100 g, respectively. The method was accurate and reproducible and it can provide a quantitative basis for quality control of COP.