bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal key genes controlling flavonoid biosynthesis in Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’ fruits
Authors: Fan Ruiyi , Zhu Congyi , Qiu Diyang , Mao Genlin , Mueller-Roeber Bernd , Zeng Jiwu
Published: July 2022

Background
As a well-recognized Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), immature fruits of Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’ serve to cure chronic cough in humans, to which flavonoids may contribute. Knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying flavonoid biosynthesis in ‘Tomentosa’ fruits would, therefore, favor the breeding of varieties with improved health supporting properties.
Results
To this end, we determined the transcriptomes, using RNA-seq, and metabolic profiles of two contrasting C. grandis varieties, namely ‘Tomentosa’ (‘ZM’) used for TCM production, and a locally cultivated pomelo (‘GQ’), at four fruit development stages. A total of 39 flavonoids, including 14 flavanone/flavone, five isoflavonoids, 12 flavonols, and six anthocyanins, were identified and 16 of them were quantitatively determined in fruits of the two varieties. We found that ‘ZM’ fruits contain more flavonoids than ‘GQ’, whereby rhoifolin accumulated to significantly higher levels in ‘ZM’. Transcriptome sequencing of ‘ZM’ and ‘GQ’ allowed the annotation of 31,510 genes, including 1,387 previously unknown ones. A total of 646 genes were found to be differentially expressed between ‘ZM’ and ‘GQ’ throughout all four fruit developmental stages, indicating them as robust expression markers in future breeding programs. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified 18 modules.
Conclusions
Combined transcriptional and metabolic analysis revealed 25 flavonoid biosynthesis structural genes and 16 transcriptional regulators (MYBs, bHLHs, WD40) to be likely involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in C. grandis ‘Tomentosa’ fruits.
Temporal expression of myogenic regulatory genes in different chicken breeds during embryonic development
Authors: Gu Shuang , Wen Chaoliang , Li Junying , Liu Honghong , Huang Qiang , Zheng Jiangxia , Sun Congjiao , Yang Ning
Published: July 2022

Background
The basic units of skeletal muscle in all vertebrates are multinucleate myofibers, which are formed from the fusion of mononuclear myoblasts during the embryonic period. Understanding the regulation of embryonic skeletal muscle development is important to improve animal production efficiency and meat quality. The processes of myofiber formation and maturation are controlled by multiple regulatory factors. Therefore, we selected four chicken breeds, namely, Cornish, White Plymouth Rock, White Leghorn and Beijing-You Chicken, for evaluation of their temporal expression patterns of known key regulatory genes (Myomaker, MYOD and MSTN) during pectoral and thigh muscle development to characterize the embryonic muscle development of different chicken breeds.
Results
The highest expression level of Myomaker, a vital gene for controlling myoblast fusion, was occurred from E13 to E15 for all breeds, while its expression level was close to zero at D1, indicating that E13 to E15 was the crucial stage of myoblast fusion in chickens. Interestingly, the gene expression level of Myomaker in both pectoral and thigh muscle of Cornish chickens, which are fast-growing, was the highest during the crucial stage. The expression of the MYOD gene in muscles at D1 was much higher than that in the embryonic development period, implying that MYOD might have an important role in chicken growth after hatching. In addition, a significant difference was found in the expression level of MYOD among the four chicken breeds at D1. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of both pectoral and thigh muscles suggested that the formation of myofibers was largely complete at E17 in chicken embryos, and myofiber hypertrophy subsequently began, which was speculated to have occurred because of the increase in MSTN gene expression and the decrease in Myomaker gene expression at E17.
Conclusion
These findings revealed the same temporal expression patterns of the key regulatory genes among different breeds, but they also showed some variation across different breeds within the long-term selection for growth. Our research contributes to lay a foundation for the study of myofiber development during the embryonic period in different chicken breeds.
Identification of potential inhibitors of PDE5 based on structure-based virtual screening approaches
Authors: Xu Lei , Sun Lilei , Su Peng , Ma Teng , Yu Yingcong , Liu Haibin , Huang Xianfeng
Published: July 2022

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanidine monophosphate (cGMP) are the basis for understanding a large variety of physiological functions. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), exclusively specific for cGMP, is mainly located in heart, lungs, smooth muscle cells and central nervous system, which can regulate intracellular levels of cGMP. Therefore, PDE5 is a potential target for the therapy of various diseases, and PDE5 inhibitors could be used as treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED) or chronic pulmonary hypertension. Herein, an integrated computer-aided virtual screening technique against the natural products in the ZINC database was used to discover PDE5 inhibitors. Pharmacophore, molecular docking and ADMET (Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) properties filtration were carried out to select the PDE5 inhibitors with best binding affinities and drug-like properties. The binding modes of PDE5-inhibitors were investigated and the stabilities of these complexes were explored by molecular dynamic simulations and MM/GBSA free energy calculations. The MM/GBSA free energy decomposition analysis quantitatively analyzed the importance of hydrophobic interaction in PDE5-ligands binding. As a result, two natural compounds were identified and may be used as critical starting point for development of novel PDE5 inhibitors. These results may promote the de novo design of new compounds against PDE5.
Meta-Analysis of Transcriptomic Datasets Quantifies Differential Gene Expression, Affected Pathways, and Predicted Drugs from Hantavirus-Infected Human Material
Authors: Krapohl John , Pickett Brett E.
Published: July 2022

Background
We performed a meta-analysis that consisted of re-analyzing publicly available RNA-sequencing datasets across representative species within Orthohantavirus and across host cell types to identify differentially expressed genes associated with hantavirus infection. In addition, we determined signaling pathways that were significantly perturbed in human tissue, as well as predicted existing drugs that could be repurposed to potentially reduce the effects of acute hantavirus infection.
Methods
NCBI-GEO and ENA databases were searched to find datasets for this analysis, then processed using the Automated Reproducible MOdular Workflow for Preprocessing and Differential Analysis of RNA-seq Data (ARMOR) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The results from this analysis were then processed using signaling pathway impact analysis (SPIA) to identify enriched signaling pathways. Finally, that data was processed using the Pathways2Targets program to identify existing therapeutics that target the impacted cellular pathways.
Results
Our results include affirming the roles of the previously identified interferon pathway and the MYBL1 and CCR7 genes, as well as newly identified genes, including SLC27A3, TSEN34 and neuron associated NOG and AMIGO1. We predicted dinaciclib, alvodicib, and ruxolitinib, among many other drugs, that could be useful as potential HFRS and HCPS treatments.
Conclusion
These data can be used in the design of future wet lab experiments to better characterize the human transcriptional response to infection, as well as to improve host-based diagnostics and/or therapeutics to reduce the severity of hantavirus infection.
Using Simplified Linear and Nonlinear Models to Assess ENSO-Modulated MJO Teleconnections
Authors: Arcodia Marybeth C. , Kirtman Ben P.
Published: July 2022

Some simple dynamical models have proven to be useful tools for understanding tropical-extratropical teleconnections. Here, we use simple linear and non-linear dynamical models to understand how ENSO modulates subseasonal teleconnections associated with the tropical imprint of the MJO. Both a dry linear baroclinic model (LBM) and a dry nonlinear baroclinic model (AGCM) are employed to 1) assess how much of the MJO teleconnection pattern in a particular ENSO phase can be captured by linear and nonlinear dynamics and 2) understand the key driver(s) in differences in Northern Hemisphere MJO teleconnection patterns based on ENSO phase. The modeling experiments reveal that elements of the Northern Hemisphere teleconnection pattern are a direct Rossby wave response to tropical MJO heating. Nonlinear dynamics modestly capture more of the Northern Hemisphere MJO teleconnection pattern than linear dynamics alone, but some key elements of the teleconnection pattern seen in Reanalysis are still missing in the model representations. Both models show that the response is sensitive to the location and domain of the MJO-associated forcing and the month, MJO phase, and ENSO phase of the forcing and background state. Further, ENSO modulates both the spatial structure and magnitude of the MJO teleconnections and results show that the ENSO-modulated MJO forcing is the dominant driver of the mid-latitude response over the background state. The results show evidence for subseasonal variability related to the MJO within the interannual ENSO teleconnections in the North Pacific and North America and so MJO teleconnections must be considered in the context of the ongoing ENSO event
Protective effect of Alisol A on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion induced neurovascular unit dysfunction by activating AKT/GSK3β pathway in vivo
Authors: Li Huihong , Wei Wei , Zhan Zengtu , Lu Taotao , Lin Libin , Li Yongxu , Zhou Yangjie , Yang Jingda , Deng Yunfei , Zheng Xiaoqing , Ding Linlin , Xu Peitao , Xue Xiehua
Published: July 2022

Background:
Neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction is a major process in the pathophysiological process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R). Our previous studies have confirmed that the main active ingredient of Alisma orientale exhibits protective effect on CI/R injury. Therefore, this study is designed to verify whether Alisol A, one of the main active components of Alisma, attenuates CI/R-induced NVU dysfunction through activation of AKT/GSK3β pathway.
Methods
C57BL/6J mice were used to establish the animal model of global cerebral ischemia- reperfusion (GCI/R) and treated with Alisol A and GSK690693 (an AKT inhibitor). We carried out modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and morris water maze (MWM) to test learning and memory abilities. Nissl staining and CD31, GFAP, Iba1, NeuN immunostaining were performed to determine morphological and quantitative changes in neuronal and endothelial cells, as well as overactivation of astrocytes and microglia. Ultrastructure changes of NVU were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Expression of IL-6, IL-1β, BAX, Bcl-2 and AKT/GSK3βwere detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot. The alterations in neuronal/glial metabolism were measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
Results
The data showed that Alisol A treatment significantly improved neurological deficits and memory loss caused by GCI/R in C57BL/6J mice. Furthermore, Alisol A administration effectively suppressed the disruption of neurons and endothelial cells, activation of astrocytes and microglia, cell apoptosis and release of inflammatory factors in GCI/R-induced C57BL/6J mice, which were reversed by GSK690693.
Conclusions
Alisol A significantly alleviated NVU damage caused by GCI/R via activation of AKT/GSK3β, suggesting that Alisol A maybe a promising medicine for the treatment of GCI/R.
Strong Double Space-Time Wave Packets from Optical Parametric Amplification
Authors: Li Zhaoyang , Leng Yuxin , Li Ruxin
Published: July 2022

The space-time (ST) wave packet, a new type light source with many new features, has already found applications in weak-field optics, however its generation method limits its energy and therefore its application in strong-field optics. We report that the type-I collinear optical parametric amplification (OPA) is a natural amplifier for ST wave packets, because in it, the ST spectrum (i.e., angle-dependent phase-matching spectrum) of the signal and idler has the same analytical expression as that of ST wave packets under the narrowband approximation. The high gain in a thin-crystal OPA allows for large energy amplification while ensuring unchanged ST correlation. Meanwhile, for the first time, a double ST wave packet containing two collinear-propagating ones of the amplified signal and the generated idler via the nondegenerate OPA is reported, which with short- and long-wavelengths (relative to the degenerate-wavelength) have superluminal and subluminal velocities, respectively. This study realizes energy amplification, wavelength conversion, and velocity switching of ST wave packets and will certainly expand the application in many fields.
On-farm Diversity, Use Pattern and Conservation of Enset (Ensete ventricosum) Genetic Resources in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Dilebo Tesfaye , Feyissa Tileye , Asfaw Zemede , Zewdu Ashagire
Published: July 2022

Background: Enset is an important source of food for millions and consumed as a staple or co-staple food crop mainly in southern parts of the Ethiopia. Large numbers of enset landraces exist in different administrative zones of Ethiopia with a wide range of altitude. However, limited information is available on the diversity, their distribution and utilization pattern comparatively to the diverse ethno-linguistic as well as socio-cultural communities of the country. Hence, this study was devised to explore and document richness of farmers’ tradition and practice on diversity and distribution of enset landraces on farm-level and selection pattern for different purposes in regarding to its production, utilization and conservation of enset genetic resources.Methods: The study was conducted in four major enset growing administrative zones of Ethiopia namely, Hadiya, Kembata-Tembaro, Gurage and Silte. A total of 240 farm households were surveyed using individual interviews, key informants interviews, focus group discussions and direct on-farm field observations.Results: A total of 282 farmer-named landraces have been identified, with a range from 2 to 32 on individual homegarden. The largest numbers of landraces was found in the Hadiya Zone (86); while the lowest was scored in the Silte Zone (57). The Shannon diversity index (H') ranged from 3.73 (Silte) to 3.96 (Hadiya). Similarly, landraces revealed a very narrow range of variances in the Simpson’s 1-D diversity index, and it ranged from 0.963 (Silte) to 0.978 (Hadiya). Likewise, the similarity index ranged from 0.24 to 0.73 sharing 16-47 landraces in common. Of the 282 landraces, 210 (74.5%) were recorded in more than one zones; whereas, 72 (25.5%) had a narrow distribution and were restricted to single zone. Conclusions: Farmers have established long term practices and experiences in cultivation, utilization and conservation of a diverse group of enset landraces to fill their domestic purposes in each zone. Therefore, in order to facilitate on-farm conservation as well as sustainable utilization of the enset genetic resources, farmers need to be supported by different stakeholders for all their worth, and also in improvement programs. In addition to this, to clarify the exact nature of synonyms and to see if they are duplicates molecular analysis would be helpful and recommended as a follow-up work.
Gas-phase fragmentation of single atom incorporated Co5MS8(PEt3)6+ (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) nanoclusters
Authors: Ranjbar Habib , Deepika - , Jena Puru , Laskin Julia
Published: July 2022

Functionalization of metal-chalcogenide clusters by either replacing one or more of the core metal atoms or by choosing the ligand is a powerful technique to tailor their properties and synthesize cluster assembled materials. Central to this approach is to understand the competition between the strength of the metal-ligand and metal-metal interactions within the cluster. We use collision-induced dissociation (CID) of two series of atomically precise metal sulfide nanoclusters including Co5MS8L6+ (L=PEt3, M= Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) and Co5-xFexS8L6+ (x=1-3) to understand the effect of a heteroatom incorporation on the core-ligand interactions and relative stability towards fragmentation. We observe sequential ligand loss as the dominant dissociation pathway for all the clusters, which occurs in competition with the loss of ligand sulfide (LS). Because all the ligands are attached to metal atoms in the precursor cluster cations, LS loss is an unusual dissociation pathway, indicative of a rearrangement of the cluster prior to fragmentation. Collision energy-resolved CID combined with theoretical calculations reveals the reduced stability of Co5MnS8L6+ and Co5FeS8L6+ cations towards the loss of the first ligand in comparison with their Co6S8L6+ and Co5NiS8L6+ counterparts. Moreover, we observe that the relative stability of clusters towards ligand loss as well as the competition between ligand and LS losses are strongly dependent on the composition of the clusters. Theoretical studies also confirm that the first ligand always prefers to detach from the doped-metal atom site to form Co5MS8L5+ cations. This study provides new insight into modulation of the core-ligand interaction of the atomically precise metal chalcogenide clusters suggesting paths to generate reactive species to promote inter-cluster reactions.
Comparing the BDA Case Mix Tool and Simplified Case Mix Tool for stratification of public dental patients with disability in South Australia
Authors: Lin Trudy , Liberali Sharon , Gryst Mark , Edwards Suzanne
Published: July 2022

Introduction: All individuals have a right to equal access to oral healthcare. Finding a dental practitioner experienced in managing individuals with special needs, is a commonly reported barrier to accessing oral healthcare for people with disabilities.Aim:The aim of this study was to determine the applicability of the British Dental Association Case Mix Tool and the simplified Case Mix Tool for the Australian context.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 131 dental records for patients on recall at the Special Needs Unit, Adelaide Dental Hospital compared the specialist-performed complexity stratification with results obtained using the British Dental Association case mix tool and simplified case mix tool by a general dentist.Results: The British Dental Association case mix tool demonstrated substantial agreement with the specialist-performed complexity stratification and had a higher reliability than the simplified case mix tool.Conclusions: The British Dental Association case mix tool may be suitable for use in the Australian context by general dental practitioners, to identify the level of complexity of an individual with special needs, so as to ensure their oral healthcare needs are matched to a dental practitioner with the required skills and experience.
The use of remote sensing data that is studying the environmental consequences of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Serhii Shevchuk , Viktor Vyshnevskyi , Bilous Olena
Published: July 2022

The ongoing events of the Russian invasion of Ukraine seriously impacted on the environment in all areas: ground, air, water, flora and fauna. First of all, this war has created a massive increase in air pollution. The Russian attack has caused many fires at oil depots, industrial complexes, equipment and ammunition stockpiles, the forests, residential areas, etc. In addition to this, many bridges, hydraulic and other structures destroyed that seriously affected water bodies such as rivers and lakes which were seriously polluted. These events were studied by using publicly available remote sensing data, as well as from the media. Much attention is paid to the data provided by NOAA-2, Suomi NPP, Aqua and Terra satellites. In addition, the research used data from Sentinel and Landsat satellites, which are making it better to visualizate the consequences of the Russian military invasion.
Inadequacy of treating turbidity currents as river analogues and implications for autosuspension criterion
Authors: Fukuda Sojiro , de Vet Marijke , Skevington Edward , Bastianon Elena , Fernández Roberto , Wu Xuxu , McCaffrey William , Naruse Hajime , Parsons Daniel , Dorrell Robert
Published: July 2022

“Consider the [turbidity] current as that of a river” R. A. Bagnold (1962);the foundation of contemporary deep marine sedimentology.Submarine sediment-laden buoyancy-driven flows, or turbidity currents, are critical as key vectors for material, nutrient, and pollutant dispersal in the world’s oceans. Extant models of turbidity currents assume that material transport is dynamically similar to open-channel flows. Here, 70 years of empirical research is integrated with new data, to show that material transport by turbidity currents is fundamentally different from fluvial systems. Although central to previous work, turbidity currents do not follow classic flow-power models for material transport; and are not “rivers on the seafloor” as previously postulated. Contrary to current theory, work done keeping sediment in suspension is shown to have a strongly non-linear dependence on available flow power. The observed relationship is attributed to an underestimation of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) production. The energy budget has direct implications for the enigmatic autosuspension processes and ultra-long runout of turbidity currents, thus these insights are crucial for the understanding of these flows. The accurate prediction of autosuspension and runout is essential to the understanding of deep marine biogeochemical cycling and anthropogenic environmental impact.
Characterization, axial anisotropy and formation conditions of celestine minerals from the Jabal Eghei (Nuqay) volcanic province (southeastern edge of the Sirt Basin, southern Libya)
Authors: Tančić Pavle , Milošević Maja , Spahić Darko , Kostić Bojan , Kremenović Aleksandar , Poznanović-Spahić Maja , Kovačević Jovan
Published: July 2022

Five celestine crystals, sampled from the surface at the Miocene to Pliocene Jabal Eghei (Nuqay) volcanic province (southern Libya), are characterized by applying the combination of the SEM-WDS, XRPD and IR methods; and analyzed for their color variations and minerogenesis. Three samples have greenish-blue to blue (480.4−482.5 nm), whereas the other two samples are of blue-green color (cyan; 489.1−494.1 nm). The color purity is in the 1.36–7.16 range. Their chemical composition is mutually similar, fitting into the celestine near-end members, in which exclusively 1.6–4.1 at. % of Sr2 + contents was substituted by Pb2+ (0.7–0.9 at. %), Ba2+ (0.5–0.7 at. %) and Ca2+ (0.2–0.8 at. %); including the vacancies (1.0−1.9 at. %; only in three samples). The resulting unit-cell parameters have the following ranges: a0 = 8.3578(9)−8.3705(6) Å; b0 = 5.3510(5)−5.3568(4) Å; c0 = 6.8683(7)−6.8767(2) Å and V0 = 307.17(5)−308.34(4) Å3. The XRPD and IR results are mainly in accordance with the SEM-WDS analyses, having higher mutual correlativity. However, a few discrepancies among the results are observed, further yielding several possible interpretations. The overall results show that discrepancies were primarily induced by a slight unit-cell axial anisotropy, occurring as a consequence of their thermal expansion. Essentially, the investigated Sr-bearing celestines were formed as a secondary volcanic system, emplaced over the gypsum and/or anhydrite minerals, at ~ 368−430K (~ 95–157 oC) temperature range, in the ambient pressure conditions. The study further shows that the investigated celestine minerals are likely formed at a slightly elevated temperature and pressure subsurface environment, reaching over 250 bars.
Application of Pareto optimality-based adaptive PSO to solve multicast type routing issues with multiple objectives
Authors: Gopalan Harihara , Elngar Ahmed A.
Published: July 2022

In network communication and distributed systems, numerous applications transmit data from the source to several destinations. The multicast routing is a remarkable combinatorial optimization issue with multiple objectives to optimize. Hybrid multi-objective evolutionary algorithms are employed for multicast routing. In this study, Pareto optimality-based adaptive PSO with variants are projected. The proposed algorithm and its variants optimize the cost, delay, and lifetime of the multicast tree. The aim is to construct a multicast type tree for transmitting data to minimize the cost, delay, and lifetime. Various strategies such as multi-objective weighted sum, dynamic inertia weight, adaptive non-dominated sorting approaches, and multi-objective local search based on the Pareto hill-climbing approach are implemented to identify the shortest path. The results are analyzed with respect to the cost, delay, and lifetime. The results of the ANS_MOPSO_PHC algorithm overtake the other techniques in this study.
Elevated serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 in primary Sjögren syndrome: a marker of lung fibrosis and severity of the disease
Authors: Wu Xue , Wu LiJun , Su JinMei , Luo Cainan , Meng XinYan , Chen Yi , Lei Xin
Published: July 2022

Background: To assess the diagnosis significance of the serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) for the interstitial lung disease (ILD) related to primary Sjögren syndrome(pSS-ILD) Methods: An overall 79 pSS-ILD sufferers and 71 pSS sufferers from our hospital between Jan 2015 and May 2021 were enrolled. The measuring of serum KL-6, lung function testing, and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) completed simultaneously were studied. Serum KL-6 concentrations were measured with chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA).Correlative analyses and receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) analyses were completed to identify the value of the aforesaid measuring results.Results: The remarkably higher contents of KL-6 were identified in pSS-ILD patients in contrast to pSS patients [795.1±725.3U/ml vs 198.6±77.5U/ml] (P＜0.001). The optimum threshold of serum KL-6 for the diagnoses of ILD was 276.5 U/ml, and the sensitivity and specificity were 87.3% and 88.7%, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.919 and the logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated KL-6 and decreased carbon monoxide diffusion capacity were independently correlated with the occurrence of pSS-ILD, and the increase of KL-6 levels was an independent risky factor for the occurrence of ILD (OR=1.019, 95%CI: 1.010~1.029). Conclusion: The serum KL-6 is a vital marker for the diagnoses of pSS-ILD, and when the KL-6 content is elevated, there is an underlying risk of ILD.
Analysis and verification of the conserved MYB binding element in the DFR promoter in Compositae
Authors: guo jialei , li fengzhen , shi guomin , zhao weimin , he tao
Published: July 2022

Anthocyanins are ubiquitous in Compositae and MYB regulates the expression of DFR and plays an important role in anthocyanin synthesis. Here, the regulation pathway that MYB protein of subgroup 6 in Compositae promotes dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) expression was analyzed and verified by yeast one-hybrid experiment in Saussurea medusa. The results of the branch model and site model analysis revealed that MYB gene underwent purification selection, and the motif of bHLH protein [DE]Lx(2)[RK]x(3)Lx(6)Lx(3))R and anthocyanin-related motif ANDV underwent strong purification selection during evolution. DFR promoter analysis showed that there are MYB binding site (GAGTTGAATGG) and bHLH binding site (CANNTG) at the sense strand of 84–116 nucleotide residues from the start codon, and the two motifs are separated by 9–10 nucleotide residues, and this rule exists in DFR promoters of many Compositae plants. Yeast one-hybrid experiment proved that SmMYB1 can activate the promoter of SmDFR. Our results provide a reference for further functional studyof DFR gene in Compositae.
Predicting Damage to a Building During Earthquake
Authors: NANDWANI DINKY
Published: July 2022

Earthquake is one of the most hazardous natural calamities. It occurs due to sudden shaking of ground which is caused by movement of seismic waves. The tectonic plates are always slowly moving, but they get stuck at their edges due to friction. When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction, there is an earthquake that releases energy in waves that travel through the earth's crust and cause the shaking that we feel. The problem statement of this project is determining the degree of damage that is done to buildings, thus when an earthquake occur we can help identify safe and unsafe buildings, thus avoiding death and injuries resulting from aftershocks. Leveraging the power of machine learning is one viable option that can potentially prevent massive loss of lives while simultaneously making rescue efforts easy and efficient. During this study, earthquake prediction was performed, by training different Machine Learning models on dataset collected from hackerearth website. During this research, machine learning algorithms like Random Forest, Neural Network and XGBoost Mechanism are separately applied and accuracies in the training and testing datasets were compared to pick out the best model.
Nomograms for Predicting Survival in Patients with Micropapillary Bladder Cancer: A Real-World Analysis Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database and External Validation in a Tertiary Center
Authors: Liu Peng , Xu Lei , Shi Benkang , Zhang Qiujie , Chen Shouzhen
Published: July 2022

Background: The present study aimed to construct and validate nomograms that can be used to predict cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with micropapillary bladder cancer.Methods: The data of 627 patients diagnosed with SCCB between 2000 and 2018 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients were randomly divided into the training and internal validation sets (7:3). The Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to evaluate the association between variables and survival and then nomograms were constructed to predict the survival of an individual patient. The performance of nomograms was validated by using calibration curves, concordance index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves with the calculated area under the curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) in the training and internal validation set. Data from 41 micropapillary bladder cancer patients at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from 2000 to 2022 were collected for external validation.Results: Several independent risk factors were taken into the two nomograms (CSS and OS), including age, marital status, AJCC TMN stage, surgical approach, lymph node ratio, and tumor size while the OS nomogram additionally contained race. The concordance index of the training set, internal validation set, and external verification group were all over 0.7. The calibration curve indicated good consistence between the nomogram prediction and actual survival. Area under the curve and decision curve analysis results indicated great clinical usefulness of nomograms.Conclusions: The nomograms predicting the survival outcome of patients with micropapillary bladder cancer would provide a valuable tool to help clinicians to evaluate the risk of patients and make individual treatment strategies.
The effect of Patient’s Race on the Outcome of Endodontic treatments: a pooled analysis of 1 year recall data from four Cone Beam Computed Tomography outcome studies
Authors: Patel Neha , Scambler Sasha , Ranjbari Mohammadreza , Alhammad Mohammad , Bakhsh Abdulaziz , Mannocci Francesco
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this pooled data analysis was to establish if there is an association between a patient’s race and the proportion of successful outcomes of endodontic treatments, and if so, what factors may determine this association.MethodologyData collected from four prospective clinical outcome studies were pooled. Patients were recalled 12 months after the completion of the treatment. Treatment outcome was determined by clinical findings and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination. Statistical analysis included the description of categorical and continuous variables and simple binary logistic regression models, Chi2 tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests.ResultsData from 301 patients were available, of which 43 were black (14.3%), 50 were non-black minority ethnic (NBME) (16.6%) and 208 white (69.1%). The risk of an unfavourable outcome was higher in teeth with short root canal fillings (OR=3.36; p=0.002), when a preoperative radiolucency was present (OR=2.59; p=0.019) and when an intra-operative root canal perforation was detected (OR=5.25; p=0.016).Multiple regression models showed that black (OR=2.28; p=0.05) and NBME patients (OR=3.07; p=0.008) had a higher risk of an unfavourable result compared to white patients. ConclusionsBlack and NBME patients had a significantly higher failure rate of root canal treatments compared to white patients, all other known pre, intra and post-operative risk factors for root canal treatment failure were present in similar proportions in BME and white patients.
It’s all about the mirrors: Deep neural network assisted optimization of laser stabilization cavities
Authors: Dickmann Johannes , Neto Liam Shelling , Gaedtke Mika , Kroker Stefanie
Published: July 2022

Ultra-stable laser cavities are the core components of today’s most precise measurement instruments. To design and realize an ultra-stable laser cavity, one must suppress all kinds of noise below the desired frequency stability. The thermal noise of the cavity spacer sets a fundamental limit for the possible stability, especially for cavities operating at room temperature. We present a comprehensive numerical study of thermal cavity spacer noise, accounting for all relevant geometrical parameters. Accelerated by a vast amount of simulation data, a neural network is trained to predict spacer noise precisely for a wide range of all relevant cavity parameters. Based on this neural network, we identified design rules to reduce spacer noise by more than 50% by only changing the cavity geometry. Optimizing the cavity geometry and the material combination can achieve a noise reduction of more than two orders of magnitude without the infrastructural effort of a cryogenic environment.
A New workflow applied to flash-frozen biological samples allows to surpass electron-dose limitations intrinsic to high-resolution Electron Microscopy Tomography
Authors: Fera Andrea
Published: July 2022

Recently low-temperature treatments applied to flash-frozen biologics resulted in bypassing the majority of electron-dose limitations for electron microscopy tomography. Although samples may not be considered free from artefacts at this stage, structures do not show typical distortions implicit to air-drying, and are able to sustain the rigors implicit to a tomography scan with >120 images at high-electron dose, necessary to maximize the signal-to-noise (since detectors measured with Poissonian statistics). Very recent experiments demonstrated that metal ions chemically adsorbed to the surface of proteins are not necessary, nor they create major rearrangements above a few Å length scales. Here results on very deformable samples are discussed, which this conditioning protects from destruction as before documented. Temperature Conditioning putatively allows to image directly before solvent evaporation. Here for the first time images pertaining both a notoriously soft materials (like enveloped virus) and a rigid biopolymer (microtubules of pure tubulin) are disclosed revealing unexpected structures, much larger than inter-atomic distances. In order to retain only protecting effect on flash-frozen biological samples, probably the origin of artifacts needs to be investigated, possibly studying distance and geometry of metal ions bonds to proteins. This may be done in-situ using aberration corrected microscopes.
Adequate preoperative hemoglobin level in patients with thoracic and lumbar tuberculosis: A single center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jiang Guanyin , Du Xing , Zhang Muzi , Qin Wanyuan , Xiong Tuotuo , Ou Yunsheng
Published: July 2022

Objective
This study aimed to find out the risk factors of postoperative moderate anemia (PMA) to develop a scoring scale for predicting the occurrence of PMA and to determine the recommended preoperative hemoglobin level in spinal tuberculosis (STB) patients.
Methods
A total of 223 STB patients who underwent focus debridement from January 2012 to March 2020 were enrolled in the study. The study cohort was divided into two groups owing to the occurrence of PMA. Moderate anemia was defined as a hemoglobin level of < 90 g/L. The clinical characteristics of STB patients who developed PMA were evaluated, and a scale was developed by logistic regression analysis. The performance of this scoring scale is prevalidated.
Results
Of the 223 patients, 76 developed PMA. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index, diabetes, low preoperative hemoglobin level, long operation time, and posterior approach were independent risk factors for PMA in STB patients. These significant items were assigned scores to create a scoring scale as to predicting PMA, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis implicated that the optimal cutoff score was 4 points. On the basis of the scoring scale, patients with scores within 0–3 points were defined as the low-risk group; those with scores within 4–6 points were defined as the moderate-risk group; and those with scores within 7–10 points were defined as the high-risk group. The perioperative decrease in hemoglobin level was 20.07 ± 10.47 g/L in the low-risk group, 24.44 ± 12.67 g/L in the moderate-risk group, and 29.18 ± 10.34 g/L in the high-risk group.
Conclusion
According to the scoring scale, patients with STB with a score of 0–3 points have a low risk of PMA, those with a score of 4–6 have a moderate risk, and those with a score of 7–10 have a high risk. The recommended preoperative hemoglobin levels for the low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups are 110, 115, and 120 g/L, respectively.
Multicenter Italian academic experience of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed by the surgical residents
Authors: Iossa Angelo , Giuffrè Mary , Micalizzi Alessandra , Ciccioriccio Maria Chiara , Termine Pietro , De Angelis Francesco , Boru Cristian Eugeniu , Buono Giuseppe Di , Salzano Antonio , Chiozza Matteo , Agostini Carlotta , Silvestri Vania , Agrusa Antonino , Anania Gabriele , Bracale Umberto , Coratti Francesco , Cavallaro Giuseppe , Corcione Francesco , Morino Mario , Silecchia Gianfranco
Published: July 2022

Purpose: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes (mortality rate, operative time, complications) of elective LC when performed by a surgical resident in the backdrop of Italian academic centers.Methods: A retrospective review of all patients undergoing elective LC between January 2016 and January 2022 at six teaching hospitals across Italy was performed. Cases were identified using the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code 5123 (LC without cholangiogram). All cases of emergency surgery, ASA score > 3, or when cholecystectomy was performed with another surgical procedure, were excluded. All suitable cases were divided into 2 groups based on primary surgeon: consultant (group A) or senior resident (group B).Results: A total of 2331 cases (1425 females) were included, of which, consultants performed 1683 LCs, while the residents performed 648 surgeries. The groups were statistically comparable regarding demographics, history of previous abdominal surgery, operative time, or intraoperative complications (p > 0.05). The rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy was 1.42% for group A and none for Group B. However, a statistically significant difference was observed between groups A and B regarding the average length of stay and postoperative complications (2.2 ± 3 versus 1.6 ± 1.3 days, and 1.7% versus 0.5%, respectively; p < 0.05 each). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that in selected patients, senior residents can safely perform LC when supervised by senior staff surgeons.
Machine Learning-based Opinion Extraction Approach from Movie Reviews for Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Jassim Mustafa Abdalrassual , Abd Dhafar Hamed , Omri Mohamed Nazih
Published: July 2022

The field of sentiment mining, also known as sentiment mining,sentiment analysis, sentiment mining, sentiment extraction, etc., has seen asurge in the university environment. Various ways to automate the processof sentiment analysis have been tested by researchers in machine learning,data mining, natural language processing, and other fields. They examine thefeelings embedded in people’s opinions and beliefs that affect multiple areas,including companies’ services and products. A movie review has to go throughmany processes to be able to detect and name feelings and achieve greateraccuracy. Due to the structure of the language, the difficulties have been increased, its grammar and dictionary management. As part of this work, wepropose a new approach for extracting words from a specific text and thenclassifying them. Thanks to a phase of pre-processing and extraction of wordsdepending on the frequency, our approach makes it possible to select between500 and 20,000 words with a vectorial construction by applying the techniquesof ”Term Frequency” (T F) and that of the ”Term frequency-Inverse DocumentFrequency” (T F − IDF). Four different Naive Bayes models were thus considered and used (Complement, Multinomial, Bernoulli and Gaussian). We evaluated our proposed approach against different standard measures namelyprecision, accuracy, recall, F1 − score and kappa. The results revealed thatthe Na¨ıve Bayes multinomial system obtained the best results with an accuracyof 86.46%.
Morphometric changes on the endometrium during diestrus stages in bitches with and without histological endometritis
Authors: Praderio Romina Gisele , Rearte Ramiro , Stornelli María Alejandra , Mitacek María Carla García , Sota Rodolfo Luzbel , Stornelli Maria Cecilia
Published: July 2022

The endometrium is a uterine layer essential for achieving optimal embryo implantation and development. Complete knowledge of the endometrium's normal histology is critical for advancing the diagnosis of subclinical endometrial diseases. Several researchers studied subclinical endometritis (END) in different species; however, the cause is unknown, and simple and reliable diagnostic tools are still necessary. In the bitch, diestrus has been selected as the stage of the reproductive cycle to perform diagnostic. This work aimed to perform morphometric and cytological studies in bitches with normal endometrium (NE) and END in the diestrus' different stages. Forty-five mixed-breed bitches, clinically healthy in diestrus, were used in this study. Biopsies and cytology were obtained from uterine horns, processed, and examined using a microscope. Samples from NE and END were selected, photographs were taken, and software for image analysis was used to measure the endometrial thickness (ET), external glandular diameter (EGD), and internal glandular diameter (IGD), glandular density, and glandular cells (GC) height. Significant differences were observed in GC height, EGD, IGD, and serum P4 concentrations along diestrus. In END, EGD and IGD were smaller than NE. The current study showed histomorphometric characteristics that appear to be influenced by P4 concentrations. In our opinion, it is relevant to consider the diestrus stage at the moment of the diagnosis of endometrial disease. Data recorded in the present study could be helpful to bitches with unexplained infertility or subfertility.
The plight of social workers working with children and adolescents suffering mental health disorders in South Africa
Authors: JACOBS CANDICE LEE , LEKGANYANE MADITOBANE ROBERT
Published: July 2022

Social workers working with children and adolescents displaying mental health disorders in the Child and Youth Care Centres (CYCCs) have an enormous responsibility to support and care for these young people. In under-resourced countries such as South Africa, their responsibility includes educating caregivers on how to better manage the conditions of these young people and to support them with behavioural changes. This responsibility is however, not free from hindrances such as a lack of relevant resources. Despite the significant role played by these social workers and their challenges in supporting these young persons, research attention is very limited in this field of social work practice. This stillness impelled an exploratory qualitative research study aiming to explore the challenges faced by social workers when rendering services to these children and adolescents. The study was conducted in South Africa’s Gauteng province, designed from exploratory and descriptive strategies and following ecological systems theory. The data collection method used was semi-structured online interviews and the collected data was analysed through Braun and Clarke’s six steps of qualitative data analysis. In ensuring data verification, the trustworthiness strategies proposed by Guba and Lincoln were adopted. The findings are presented in four themes: the general challenges of working with child and adolescent mental health disorders, the service-related challenges, challenges of dealing with complex disorders and limited resources for child and adolescent mental health disorders. Among the recommendations proposed is the design of research-based programmes to assist social workers working with case of children and adolescents with mental health disorders.
Citrobacter sp. Y3 Harboring a Novel Gene HBCD-hd-1 Mineralizes Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) with New Metabolic Pathways Based on Multi-omics Characterization
Authors: Peng Xingxing , Li Tianyu , Zheng Qihang , Lu Yingyuan , He Yuzhe , Tang Yetao , Qiu Rongliang
Published: July 2022

Background: Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a typical persistent organic pollutant that is widely detected in the environment. Until now, a microorganism resource that can degrade and even completely mineralizing HBCD is lacking. Results: By stable isotope analysis, we found that the Citrobacter sp. strain Y3 can use 13C-HBCD as its sole carbon source and degrade or even mineralize it to 13CO2 with a maximum conversion rate of 100% in approximately 14 days. Genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics were used to study the catabolic pathway of HBCD biodegradation by strain Y3. Several enzymes reportedly involved in the degradation of HBCD were identified in the strain Y3. A new functional gene named HBCD-hd-1 encoding a haloacid dehalogenase was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant E. coli transformed the typical intermediate 4-bromobutyric acid (4-BBA) to 4-hydroxybutanoic acid (4-HDBA) and showed excellent degradation performance on HBCD with a degradation rate of 100% in only 2 days. Meanwhile, HBCD was well debrominated by the recombinant E. coli, because nearly 100% bromine ions were detected by ion chromatograph (IC) in vitro. Conclusion: This is the first report on the degradation function of haloacid dehalogenase in HBCD treatment. Strain Y3 can potentially degrade brominated flame retardants such as HBCD especially in a low-nutrient environment.