bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choosing fit-for-purpose biodiversity impact indicators for agriculture in the Brazilian Cerrado ecoregion
Authors: Rabeschini Gabriela , Persson U. Martin , West Chris , Kastner Thomas
Published: February 2025

Understanding and acting on biodiversity loss requires robust tools linking biodiversity impacts to land use change, the biggest threat to terrestrial biodiversity. Here we estimate agriculture’s impact on the Brazilian Cerrado’s biodiversity using three approaches—countryside Species-Area Relationship, Species Threat Abatement and Restoration and Species Habitat Index. By using same input data, we show how indicator scope and design affects impact assessments and resulting decision-support. All indicators show agriculture expansion’s increasing pressure on biodiversity. Results suggest that metrics are complementary, providing distinctly different insight into biodiversity change drivers and impacts. Meaningful applications of biodiversity indicators therefore require compatibility between focal questions and indicator choice regarding temporal, spatial, and ecological perspectives on impact and drivers. Backward-looking analyses focused on historical land use change and accountability are best served by the countryside-Species Area Relationship and the Species Habitat Index. Forward-looking analyses of impact risk hotspots and global extinctions mitigation are best served by the Species Threat Abatement and Restoration.
Anthropogenic nutrient inputs cause excessive algal growth for nearly half the world’s population
Authors: McDowell Richard W. , Luo Dongwen , Pletnyakov Peter , Upsdell Martin , Dodds Walter K.
Published: February 2025

Reference conditions pertain to conditions without anthropogenic influence and serve to gauge the degree of river pollution and identify the best attainable water quality. Here we show estimates of the global human footprint of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and potential for related nuisance or harmful algal growth in rivers. We use statistical models based on 1.2 million stream nutrient measurements (from 2005 to 2013) and find global human enrichment of river total nitrogen and total phosphorus is 35% and 14% respectively. The greatest enrichment is in Europe (86 and 30% respectively) and the least in Oceania (9 and 2% respectively). The levels of enrichment translated into an almost doubling of the catchment areas with rivers predicted to have anthropogenically elevated levels of potentially harmful or nuisance algae, affecting ~40% of the world’s population. Focusing management on the difference between current and reference conditions can help protect good water quality while avoiding unrealistic goals where nitrogen and phosphorus are naturally high.
Polymer-like tetramer acceptor enables stable and 19.75% efficiency binary organic solar cells
Authors: Wang Jianxiao , Sun Cheng , Li Yonghai , Bi Fuzhen , Jiang Huanxiang , Yang Chunming , Bao Xichang , Chu Junhao
Published: February 2025

Limited by large batch differences and inferior polymerization degree of current polymer acceptors, the potential high efficiency and stability advantages of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) cannot be fully utilized. Alternatively, largely π-extended and structurally definite oligomer acceptors are effective strategies to realize the overall performance of polymer acceptors. Herein, we report a linear tetramer acceptor namely 4Y-BO with identical molecular skeleton and comparable molecular-weight relative to the control polymer acceptor PY-BO. The structurally definite tetramer shows refined film-forming kinetics and improved molecular ordering, offering uniform crystallinity with polymer donor and hence well-defined fibrous heterojunction textures. Encouragingly, the PM6:4Y-BO devices achieve an efficiency up to 19.75% (certified efficiency:19.58%), largely surpassing that of the control PM6:PY-BO device (15.66%) and ranks the highest among solar cells based on oligomer and polymer acceptors. More noticeably, thermal stability, photostability and mechanical flexibility are collectively enhanced for PM6:4Y-BO devices. Our study provides an important approach for fabricating high performance and stable organic photovoltaics.
Spotlight on amino acid changing mutations in the JAK-STAT pathway: from disease-specific mutation to general mutation databases
Authors: Hoffmann Markus , Hennighausen Lothar
Published: February 2025

The JAK-STAT pathway is central to cytokine signaling and controls normal physiology and disease. Aberrant activation via mutations that change amino acids in proteins of the pathway can result in diseases. While disease-centric databases like COSMIC catalog mutations in cancer, their prevalence in healthy populations remains underexplored. We systematically studied such mutations in the JAK-STAT genes by comparing COSMIC and the population-focused All of Us database. Our analysis revealed frequent mutations in all JAK and STAT domains, particularly among white females. We further identified three categories: Mutations uniquely found in All of Us that were associated with cancer in the literature but could not be found in COSMIC, underscoring COSMIC’s limitations. Mutations unique to COSMIC underline their potential as drivers of cancer due to their absence in the general population. Mutations present in both databases, e.g., JAK2Val617Phe/V617F - widely recognized as a cancer driver in hematopoietic cells, but without disease associations in All of Us, raising the possibility that combinatorial SNPs might be responsible for disease development. These findings illustrate the complementarity of both databases for understanding mutation impacts and underscore the need for multi-mutation analyses to uncover genetic factors underlying complex diseases and advance personalized medicine.
Regulation of chromatin modifications through coordination of nucleus size and epithelial cell morphology heterogeneity
Authors: Bermudez Alexandra , Latham Zoe D. , Ma Alex J. , Bi Dapeng , Hu Jimmy K. , Lin Neil Y. C.
Published: February 2025

Cell morphology heterogeneity is pervasive in epithelial collectives, yet the underlying mechanisms driving such heterogeneity and its consequential biological ramifications remain elusive. Here, we observed a consistent correlation between the epithelial cell morphology and nucleus morphology during crowding, revealing a persistent log-normal probability distribution characterizing both cell and nucleus areas across diverse epithelial model systems. We showed that this morphological diversity arises from asymmetric partitioning during cell division. Next, we provide insights into the impact of nucleus morphology on chromatin modifications. We demonstrated that constraining nucleus leads to downregulation of the euchromatic mark H3K9ac and upregulation of the heterochromatic mark H3K27me3. Furthermore, we showed that nucleus size regulates H3K27me3 levels through histone demethylase UTX. These findings highlight the significance of cell morphology heterogeneity as a driver of chromatin state diversity, shaping functional variability within epithelial tissues.
Abundant clock proteins point to missing molecular regulation in the plant circadian clock
Authors: Urquiza-García Uriel , Molina Nacho , Halliday Karen J , Millar Andrew J
Published: February 2025

Understanding the biochemistry behind whole-organism traits such as flowering time is a longstanding challenge, where mathematical models are critical. Very few models of plant gene circuits use the absolute units required for comparison to biochemical data. We refactor two detailed models of the plant circadian clock from relative to absolute units. Using absolute RNA quantification, a simple model predicted abundant clock protein levels in Arabidopsis thaliana, up to 100,000 proteins per cell. NanoLUC reporter protein fusions validated the predicted levels of clock proteins in vivo. Recalibrating the detailed models to these protein levels estimated their DNA-binding dissociation constants (K

d
). We estimate the same K

d
from multiple results in vitro, extending the method to any promoter sequence. The detailed models simulated the K

d
range estimated from LUX DNA-binding in vitro but departed from the data for CCA1 binding, pointing to further circadian mechanisms. Our analytical and experimental methods should transfer to understand other plant gene regulatory networks, potentially including the natural sequence variation that contributes to evolutionary adaptation.
Multilayer SiOx derived from Si–Ca alloy via Fe2O3 oxidization for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Dong Hanqing , Xie Hongwei , Song Qiushi , Ning Zhiqiang
Published: February 2025

A solid exfoliation method was designed for synthesizing multilayer SiOx using CaSi2 and Fe2O3. Multilayer SiOx effectively improved the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries.
Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-based neplanocin analogues identified as potential de novo pharmacophores for dual-target HBV inhibition
Authors: Kasula Mohan , Toyama Masaaki , Samunuri Ramakrishnamraju , Jha Ashok Kumar , Okamoto Mika , Baba Masanori , Sharon Ashoke
Published: February 2025

Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-based nucleoside as de-novo pharmacophore as dual-target HBV inhibitor.
Dual-Ligand Eu-MOF for Ratiometric Fluorescence Sensing and Visual Detection of Fluoride Ions
Authors: Chen Wenzhe , Xiao Tingting , Wang Linlin , Zhang Min , Yin Xue-Bo
Published: February 2025

Excess of fluoride ions (F⁻) can contribute to environmental pollution and pose risks to human health, so establishing an affordable, fast, and effective approach becomes crucial for detecting F⁻. Here...
Describing the complex chemistry of benthic seawater: from exometabolite sampling strategies to MS-based metabolomics
Authors: Mauduit Morgane , Greff Stéphane , Derrien Marie , Simmler Charlotte
Published: February 2025

This review highlights advances in characterizing exometabolites (EMs) from benthic organisms, starting with in situ sampling methods, then discussing how marine MS-based (exo)metabolomics benefits various fields while addressing ongoing challenges.
Revitalizing Li–S batteries: the power of electrolyte additives
Authors: Ovc-Okene Derek , Shankar Lakshmi Shiva , Vizintin Alen , Kun Robert
Published: February 2025

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have garnered significant attention as promising next-generation energy storage solutions due to their high energy density and cost efficiency.
Immobilization of soybean peroxidase enzyme on hierarchical zeolite-ordered mesoporous carbon nanocomposite and its activity
Authors: Azhagapillai Prabhu , Gopalsamy Karthikeyan , Othman Israa , Alhatti Nada I. , Haija Mohammad Abu , Ashraf Syed Salman
Published: February 2025

Immobilization of enzymes on inorganic supports such as silica and carbon materials is an effective approach for chemical surface modification.
Design of PVT driven forward osmosis and membrane distillation pilot plant for co-production of water and electricity
Authors: Ali Ali Seid , Bounahmidi Tijani
Published: February 2025

Desalination using a PVT-driven forward osmosis and membrane distillation system is a competitive and sustainable technology for water and energy production.
Structural engineering through modulator incorporation in UiO-66-NH2 metal–organic frameworks for piezoresponse regulation
Authors: Yu Zhi , Wang Dingqi , Zheng Tian , Zavabeti Ali , Wang Yongqiang , Wu Chao , Yang Jianing , Guo Yalou , Webley Paul A. , Li Gang Kevin
Published: February 2025

UiO-66-NH2 (Hf/Zr) MOFs were structurally tuned with acetic acid (AA). Increasing AA creates missing-linker defects and incorporates more modulators, breaking symmetry and boosting the piezoresponse-a simple route to engineering piezoelectric MOFs.
Highly efficient thermoelectric converters based on metalloporphyrin nanotubes
Authors: Al-Galiby Qusiy H. , Algharagholy Laith Abdulhassan , Sadeghi Hatef , Garcia Suarez Victor
Published: February 2025

Novel devices based on porphyrin nanotubes may lead to a wide range of uses in electronic functionality and thermoelectric conversion. π-conjugated metallo-porphyrin nanotubes have been designed with a configuration of...
Enhanced Stability of Ge-Doped CsPb(I1-xBrx)3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Ruiping , Wang Yan , Khan Saqib Nawaz , Xing Feifei , Li Simiao , Rao Yiheng , Wang Hao , Mei Zengxia
Published: February 2025

All-inorganic CsPb(I1-xBrx)3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have increasingly broken record power conversion efficiency (PCE), however the poor stability in humid environment is still a serious bottleneck. To suppress the humidity-caused...
Strong relaxor enabled excellent capacitive energy storage performance in Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based binary system
Authors: Li Zhiqing , Xie Bing , Liu Zhiyong , Guo Kun , Li Kai , Zhang Haibo , Luo Huajie
Published: February 2025

Dielectric ceramics have attracted significant interest in power electronic systems owing to their high-power density and rapid charge/discharge capabilities. However, achieving excellent capacitive energy storage performance, including high recoverable energy...
Unravelling the Mechanism of Coloration and Prolonged Discoloration in Abnormally Thermochromic PDMS Nanocomposites
Authors: Peng Yujie , Shao Peipei , Yuan Ye , Mou Jingru , Wen Ruitao , Chen Hong , Xiao Ming
Published: February 2025

Traditional thermochromic materials prioritize high sensitivity and rapid discoloration. Reversible thermochromism with delayed discoloration is highly desirable for applications like thermal history indicators and energy-saving windows, yet it has rarely...
Enhanced photodegradation performance based on surface plasmonic resonance effect of Ag/Ca2Al2SiO7: Pr3+ ultraviolet long afterglow driven in photo-Fenton system
Authors: Fan Xiaoxuan , Zheng Yonggui , Yao Zimin , Liang Pingping , Lu Xuemei , Xu Jianbo , Guan Baijie , Tan Tianya , Cao Shuo , Zhao Yang , Wang Kexin , Yin Feifei , Wang Jiwei
Published: February 2025

Long afterglow photocatalyst has shown the potential to support all-weather photocatalytic reactions. In this work, an Ag/Ca2Al2SiO7: Pr3+ (Ag/CASO: Pr3+) composite has been synthesized to enhance afterglow-driven photocatalytic activity. Ag...
TOI-512: Super-Earth transiting a K-type star discovered by TESS and ESPRESSO
Authors: Rodrigues J. , Barros S.C. , Santos N.C. , Davoult J. , Attia M. , Castro-González A. , Sousa S.G. , Demangeon O.D.S. , Hobson M.J. , Bossini D. , Ziegler C. , Faria J.P. , Adibekyan V. , Lovis C. , Lavie B. , Damasso M. , Silva A.M. , Suárez Mascareño A. , Pepe F. , Bouchy F. , Alibert Y. , Gonz'alez Hern'andez J.I. , Sozzetti A. , Allende Prieto C. , Cristiani S. , Palle E. , D'Odorico V. , Ehrenreich D. , Figueira P. , Stassun K.G. , Génova Santos R. , Lo Curto G. , Martins C.J.A.P. , Mehner A. , Micela G. , Molaro P. , Nunes N.J. , Poretti E. , Rebolo R. , Udry S. , Zapatero Osorio M.R.
Published: February 2025

One of the goals of the ESPRESSO guaranteed time observations (GTOs) at the ESO 8.2m telescope is to follow up on candidate planets from transit surveys such as the TESS mission. High-precision radial velocities are required to characterize small exoplanets. We intend to confirm the existence of a transiting super-Earth around the bright (V=9.74) K0-type star TOI-512 (TIC 119292328) and provide a characterization. Combining photometric data from TESS and 37 high-resolution spectroscopic observations from ESPRESSO in a joint Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis, we determined the planetary parameters of TOI-512b and characterized its internal structure. We find that TOI-512b is a super-Earth, with a radius of $1.54 ± 0.10$ R_⊕ and mass of $3.57_ $ M_⊕, on a $7.19_ -6.1⋅ 10^ +7⋅ 10^ $ day orbit. This corresponds to a bulk density of $5.62_ $ g cm^-3. Our interior structure analysis presents a small inner core representing $0.13^ $ of the solid mass fraction for the planet, surrounded by a mantle with a mass fraction of $0.69^ $, and an upper limit of the water layer of $0.16$. The gas mass below 10^-8.93 indicates a very small amount of gas on the planet. We find no evidence of the second candidate found by the TESS pipeline, TOI-512.02, neither in TESS photometry, nor in the ESPRESSO radial velocities. The low stellar activity makes it an interesting transmission spectroscopy candidate for future-generation instruments.
Constrained least-squares and maximum-likelihood calibration of absorption coefficients in reverberation time equations
Authors: David Bellows Samuel , Katz Brian F. G.
Published: February 2025

Calibration of material properties in room acoustics simulations is essential to producing realistic results. However, the number of available algorithms for calibrating room acoustics models remain limited. This work presents two methods for calibrating absorption coefficient values of reverberation time equations. The first uses a constrained least-squares estimate, while the second uses a constrained maximum-likelihood estimate. In addition to matching measured and estimated reverberation times, stochastic simulations demonstrate that the proposed methods decrease deviations in estimated absorption coefficient values relative to the initial estimate. A case study application of the calibration method to a scattering-delay-network reverberator and geometrical acoustics models suggests the portability of the approach in calibrating more complex room acoustic numerical simulations.
Linear-quadratic stochastic teams and zero-sum differential games for jump-diffusion systems with Markovian-switching coefficients under partial observations
Authors: Moon Jun
Published: February 2025

We consider the two-player linear-quadratic (LQ) team and zero-sum differential game under partial observations for stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with Markovian-switching coefficients driven by (Brownian and Poisson) jump-diffusion processes. In both problems, each player has access to own partial observations of jump-diffusion processes, where the intersection of these two partial observations may not be empty. Our problems describe a practical situation that two players in a network require to optimize the same objective functional, where they have individual partial observations, while sharing a common observation (the intersection of the individual partial observations). In both team and zero-sum game, we obtain the explicit feedback representations of the open-loop type optimal solutions in terms of the filtering processes given partial observations, provided that the corresponding coupled Riccati differential equations (CRDEs) admit the strongly regular solutions. Several new techniques, including the variational approach, the decoupling method of forward-backward SDEs via the four-step scheme, the completion-of-squares method, and the Riccati approach, have to be developed to obtain the optimal solutions to both problems. Examples are presented for both problems to demonstrate the existence of the strongly regular solutions to the CRDEs with and without certain standard definiteness conditions of weighting matrices.
Unsupervised Learning for Heart Disease Prediction: Clustering-Based Approach
Authors: Jetty Janani. , Sk Sajida Sultana. , Polepalle Ranga Bhavitha. , Parusu Vishwitha.
Published: February 2025

This paper on the prediction of heart disease addresses the application of unsupervised machine learning algorithms, digs up the latent pattern of risk in the data of patients for early diagnosis, and intervenes. We have compared models K-Means Clustering, DBSCAN, Agglomerative Clustering, Gaussian Mixture Model, and Spectral Clustering, wherein K-Means brought out the best result that happened to be 84 percent with the groups formed for patients using nuanced risk indicators. For such insights, the project embeds an HTML web-based interface where healthcare professionals and patients alike can easily read predictions. This approach advances predictive accuracy, yet brings to the medical profession an incredibly powerful tool for a more personalized type of care. Providers would then have the ability to identify ahead of time high-risk people and monitor their care more carefully. It, however, opens up the possibility of unsupervised learning in health analytics and shows how this can be applied to the role of machine learning for early detection and targeted treatment, thereby contributing to better patient outcomes and proactivity in managing heart disease risks.
Pathologically Tumor-free Resection Margin Distance as a Surrogate Parameter in Primary Vulvar Squamous Cell Cancer: Analysis of a Large Two-Center Patient Cohort
Authors: Balog Eva , Stuebs Frederik A. , Berndt Ronald , Dietl Anna K. , Geppert Carol , Hartmann Arndt , Thunich Oliver , Beckmann Matthias W. , Koch Martin C.
Published: February 2025

This study evaluated the role of tumor-free margin distances and other prognostic factors, including age, lymph-node metastases, lymphatic vessel invasion, and local recurrence, on the survival of patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) undergoing primary surgical treatment.

A retrospective analysis reviewed the records of 232 VSCC patients who had undergone primary radical local excision with R0 resection between 2009 and 2021 at ANregiomed Hospital Ansbach and Erlangen University Hospital (Germany). Patients, aged 18 and older with no distant metastases, were grouped by resection margin distances (1 to ≤ 3 mm, 3 to ≤ 8 mm, > 8 mm) for survival analysis using the Kaplan–Meier and log-rank tests. A Cox proportional hazards regression model incorporating multiple covariates, selected using the best-subset selection method and guided by the Akaike information criterion (AIC), was used. In the next step, we conducted a separate analysis of the patients who experienced a local recurrence.

The median age of the 232 patients analyzed was 69 years, with a median follow-up period of 10.5 years; 82 patients died. Survival varied significantly relative to resection margin distance (p = 0.0022), with the highest rates in the 1 to ≤ 3 mm group and the lowest in the > 8 mm group. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, lymphatic vessel invasion, and resection margin distance significantly influenced survival, with higher values associated with increased mortality. Out of 232 patients analyzed, 43 developed a local recurrence. In the group with resection margins of 1 to ≤ 3 mm, 37% of patients experienced a local recurrence. Among those with margins of 3 to ≤ 8 mm, 44% had a recurrence, while only 19% of patients with margins > 8 mm showed a local recurrence.

The study underscored the significance of tumor-free margin distance as a surrogate marker for survival in VSCC patients. In addition to lymphatic vessel invasion as the most critical prognostic factor, tumor-free resection margin distance and age emerged as significant predictors of overall survival. The findings advocate for tailored, function-preserving surgical approaches to improve patient outcomes.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measure Collection for TKA: What Surgeons Need to Know
Authors: Geiselmann Matthew T. , Whittaker Mathew J. , Scuderi Giles R.
Published: February 2025

As the population ages and the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis increases, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is expected to grow in demand. Traditionally, the success of TKA has been measured through clinical assessments, imaging, and the incidence of postoperative complications. Over the past decade, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have become crucial in evaluating clinical outcomes.

PROMs are soon to be tied to financial incentives in value-based payment programs as a measure of the quality of care provided. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has implemented a nationwide policy to enhance and standardize the collection of PROMs for those undergoing total joint arthroplasty. The policy is titled Patient Reported Outcome-based Performance Measure or “PRO-PM”. This requires mandatory reporting in 2025, and by 2028, hospital payment evaluations will incorporate this data. CMS will require hospitals to achieve at least 50% postoperative PROM collection rates to qualify for full annual payment in 2028. Providers are incentivized to improve scores on PROMs, such as pain levels and physical function after procedures, as higher PROM scores often correlate with better reimbursement rates under these programs.

Recent advancements in interactive technology, including mobile apps and telemedicine platforms, have enabled the collection of PROMs from patients without requiring or prior to a clinic visit. Looking ahead, the mandatory PROM reporting requirements set by the CMS highlight the urgency of adopting scalable, technology-driven solutions.

Literature suggests women, individuals with lower socioeconomic status, lower educational attainment, and non-English speakers have significantly lower PROM response rates. While these mandates aim to standardize care quality, they also risk exacerbating disparities if underserved populations face barriers to participation. Equity-focused strategies, alongside continued investment in technology, will be critical to achieving widespread adoption and maximizing the benefits of PROMs in TKA care. Ultimately, the integration of electronic and adaptive PROM systems has the potential to transform the TKA landscape, offering a model for leveraging technology to enhance patient engagement, optimize care delivery, and improve outcomes across diverse populations.
Comparison of PSA Response to Generic Versus Innovator (Zytiga) Formulations of Abiraterone in Metastatic CRPC: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Kumar Sharath , Joshi Amit , Takke Apurva , Varghese Diana , Pathak Shruti , Noronha Vanita , Prabhash Kumar , Gota Vikram
Published: February 2025

Introduction Abiraterone acetate has been shown to enhance overall survival and radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Presently, multiple generic brands of abiraterone are accessible in India. Nevertheless, evidence supporting the clinical equivalence of these generics when compared to the innovator has not been established, and thus, questions regarding their quality persist.

Objectives This retrospective analysis aimed to compare the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response in patients receiving generic or innovator (Zytiga) abiraterone for mCRPC.

Materials and Methods This was a single-center, retrospective, comparative study. All relevant data from selected cases were collected from the hospital's electronic medical record (EMR). Patients with mCRPC, treated with either innovator or generic abiraterone from 2010 to 2019 and followed up until disease progression/death, were included. Patients who switched between generic and reference brands and vice versa were excluded. Patients in both arms were matched for prior treatment with docetaxel (yes/no), age at cancer diagnosis (>60, ≤60 years), and total Gleason's score (≥8, <8), in a ratio of 1:5. The primary outcome was to assess the difference in PSA nadir between the two study groups. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v.21 and GraphPad Prism 8.0.2.

Results Out of the 114 patients enrolled, 10 patients received Zytiga (innovator), and the remaining received generic abiraterone. No statistically significant difference was observed in the median PSA nadir between the generic and innovator arms: 20.5 versus 88.5 ng/mL (p = 0.293). Patients in the generic group exhibited a similar median rPFS compared to the innovator group: 9.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.68–11.31 months) versus 9.0 months (95% CI: 0–18.6 months), respectively (p = 0.539). The median time to PSA nadir was similar (3 months) between the two groups. The proportion of patients showing a PSA response at day 90 did not significantly differ between the two groups, with p = 0.38. The number of adverse events of any grade was comparable between the study groups, although grade 3/4 events were numerically higher in the generic group.

Conclusion Generic abiraterone demonstrates a clinical response similar to that of Zytiga. Our findings strongly support the use of generic abiraterone in patients with mCRPC. The potential economic benefits of this substitution are substantial.
Clinical and Pathological Spectrum of Hepatoblastoma with Emphasis on Treatment-Induced Changes: Experience from Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Ail Divya Achutha , Eapen Malini , Keechilat Pavithran , Surendran Sudheendran , Viswanath Naveen
Published: February 2025

Introduction Hepatoblastoma is a rare pediatric liver tumor. Advances in imaging/surgical techniques and use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in recent times have resulted in improved survival of children with hepatoblastoma. Yet it has dismal prognosis in some children. Unlike other pediatric malignant tumors, pathological tumor regression grading in hepatoblastoma following NACT is not in routine practice. Assessing tumor-induced maturation and delineating it from non-neoplastic liver at resection margin are often challenging in this setting.

Objective We aim to describe the clinicopathological spectrum of hepatoblastoma encountered in our center with emphasis on exploring the role of grading the therapy-induced changes by correlating with existing prognostic factors and patient survival.

Materials and Methods All cases of hepatoblastoma having undergone resection after NACT over 9 years were included. Pathology slides (hematoxylin and eosin/immunohistochemistry) were reviewed. Therapy-related changes were scored and compared with pretreatment extent (PRETEXT)/posttreatment extent (POSTTEXT) staging, alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels, and patient survival.

Results A total of 15 children diagnosed with hepatoblastoma were included in the study. The median age of diagnosis was 10 months. PRETEXT III was the commonest stage and fetal variant was the commonest histological subtype. Fibrosis, necrosis, maturation, calcification, and ductular reaction were the therapy-induced changes encountered in 93, 80, 60, 53 and 33% cases, respectively. Higher percentage of therapy-induced changes was associated with good prognosis and better survival. Glypican-3 positivity delineated tumor-induced maturation from the non-neoplastic liver.

Conclusion This study describes the spectrum of hepatoblastoma at a single center and emphasizes that grading therapy-induced changes may have a significant role in patient prognosis and guide further treatment interventions for effective management of patients. Glypican-3 eases microscopic assessment of resection margins in the presence of therapy-induced maturation.
“Fascialage”: A Refined Technique of Dorsal Augmentation in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Kesari Prashantha , Halageri Sameer , Kumar Pradeep
Published: February 2025

Introduction The primary aim of this paper is to describe an original technique for dorsal augmentation in rhinoplasty. The use of a carved block of costal cartilage or layers of septal cartilage is a well-known technique for dorsal augmentation. However, this is accompanied by the risks of cartilage warping and a hard, unnatural feel to the dorsum. On the other hand, the use of diced cartilage wrapped in the fascia, which has been another popular technique in the last decade, often does not give the structural stability of a solid cartilage. “Fascialage,” as innovated by the authors, is a combined construct that incorporates all the advantages of these techniques eliminates the disadvantages of the previous techniques.

Materials and Methods Our technique involves the creation of a construct with three components and three parts. Radix augmentation is done with the cranial part, which consists of mostly rolled-up fascia; augmentation of the mid-dorsum is done with the central part, which has a solid cartilage platform, an overlay of diced cartilage with both being wrapped in the fascia, while the lower dorsum and supra-tip area also have all the same three components but with less diced cartilage. We can plan and alter the composition and dimensions as required for the individual case.

Results As a result of this, we believe that “fascialage” has the advantages of the other two techniques and consistent long-term results.

Conclusion This technique was used in 55 rhinoplasties needing considerable dorsal augmentation in which a postoperative follow-up of 2 to 5 years revealed that this technique yields reliable and sustainable results.
Development of Focal Nodular Hyperplasia Post Dual Anti-HER2 Blockade with Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab in a Patient with Breast Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Maheshwari Udip , Morzaria Disha , Maniar Vashishth , Dave Ritu , Shaikh Nikhat , Jankharia Bhavin , Ganesan Karthik
Published: February 2025

Targeted therapies like trastuzumab and pertuzumab have substantially improved outcomes in HER2-positive breast cancer with rare reports of significant adverse events. One such rarely reported adverse event is focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), an uncommon hepatic condition, typically benign and asymptomatic, but its development following dual anti-HER2 therapy is not commonly documented. We report the case of a 61-year-old woman with HER2-positive breast cancer highlighting the unusual development of FNH following dual anti-HER2 therapy. Routine follow-up imaging posttreatment revealed the development of hepatic nodules. Imaging confirmed a diagnosis of FNH, with no radiologic evidence of malignancy or metastatic disease. The patient remained asymptomatic, and following hepatology consultation, continuation of treatment was recommended with regular imaging follow-up to monitor hepatic lesions. Although it is benign and asymptomatic, FNH warrants careful monitoring in patients on prolonged targeted therapy. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the association between HER2-targeted therapies and hepatic alterations, which could inform evidence-based strategies for monitoring and management in clinical practice.
The Role of Psychologists in Treating Pelvic Pain Conditions
Authors: Gernand Anna K. , Allen Darrielle L. , Lupe Stephen E. , Simons Madison L.
Published: February 2025

Patients with pelvic floor disorders may experience a wide range of symptoms affecting one or more compartments of the pelvic floor (anterior/urinary, apical/reproductive, and posterior/gastrointestinal). Disorders affecting the pelvic organs (e.g., endometriosis, IBS), nerves, and supportive musculature (e.g., pelvic floor dysfunction, muscle trauma) often co-occur. As a result, individuals with one or more of these conditions may fluctuate between or simultaneously experience symptoms such as pelvic pain, urinary frequency/urgency/incontinence, sexual dysfunction, and gastrointestinal problems. This multifaceted range of symptoms results in the need for interdisciplinary team-based approaches to tailor treatment. Given the negative impact pelvic floor symptoms can have on quality of life and mental health which in turn can “turn up the dial” on the severity of symptoms, psychologists play an integral role in optimizing care for the whole patient. The rationale for and role of the psychologist in treating gastrointestinal and urogynecological symptoms will therefore initially be discussed according to symptom cluster after which the scope for a transdiagnostic treatment approach will be explored.
Outcome Determinant of Patients Following Microsurgical Clipping of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Sharma Gopal R. , Karki Prasanna , Joshi Sumit , Shah Damber Bikram , Paudel Prakash , Pokharel Baburam
Published: February 2025

Objective Numerous factors can influence patient outcomes following microsurgical clipping of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). Some unique factors, such as aneurysm surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic, also play a role. This study aims to evaluate outcomes in patients with ruptured IAs undergoing microsurgical clipping and identify predictors for both immediate and long-term prognosis.

Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study with prospectively collected data of 500 patients with ruptured aneurysms undergoing microsurgical clipping over a period of 10 years (April 2011–November 2022). The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 10 years, and clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Data were analyzed using STATA version 3.10. Logistic regression was used to calculate p-values, with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results Among 500 patients treated for ruptured IAs, 169 were males and 331 were females, with a median age of 53 years. Postoperative vasospasm was a major predictor of worse outcomes at discharge (p < 0.001), 6 months (p < 0.001), 1 year (p < 0.001), 5 years (p = 0.014), and 10 years (p = 0.006). Patients treated during the COVID-19 pandemic had worse outcomes at 6 months (p < 0.001) and 1 year (p = 0.001).

Conclusion Postoperative vasospasm, intraoperative rupture, and the COVID-19 pandemic were the most important predictors of worse outcomes. Factors such as age, hospital type, Miller Fisher grade, alcohol abuse, diabetes, aneurysm multiplicity, aneurysm size, neck size, ethnicity, hydrocephalus, brain retraction, and lamina terminalis fenestration did not significantly influence the outcomes.
9.11.5 Selenophenes (Update 2024)
Authors: Harris P. A.
Published: February 2025

Methods for the synthesis of selenophenes are reviewed in this chapter, covering the period from 2011 to 2022. This is a supplement to both the original Science of Synthesis review (Section 9.11) that covered the literature up to 2000, and the subsequent update covering from 2001 to 2010 (Section 9.11.4). Syntheses of selenophenes via cyclizations, ring transformations, and substituent modifications are covered.
20.5.10.2 C(sp3)—H Functionalization of the Side Chain of α-Amino Esters
Authors: Chowdhury S.
Published: February 2025

Side-chain functionalization of α-amino esters is always of interest to synthetic organic chemists because the end products are the corresponding non-natural/nonproteinogenic amino acid esters, which are useful in peptidomimetics and protein modifications. They are also used as precursors in the synthesis of various natural products, bioactive compounds, therapeutics, pharmaceuticals, etc. Several attractive approaches for asymmetric modification of the side chain of α-amino esters have been developed. In this context, the high natural abundance of chiral amino acids and their chirality has been exploited to achieve functionalization in an enantio- and diastereoselective manner following a Pd(II)/Pd(IV) or Pd(0)/Pd(II) route. Where necessary, external ligands have been used. In many cases, especially for Pd(II)/Pd(IV) pathways, the regiospecificity of the functionalization has been achieved through the use of suitable directing groups. In this review, synthetic methods for C(sp3)-H functionalization of the side chain of α-amino esters developed so far are systematically and concisely discussed.
Epigenetic dynamics in meniscus cell migration and its zonal dependency in response to inflammatory conditions
Authors: Zhang Yize , Zhang Ellen Y. , Cheung Catherine , Heo Yuna , Tumenbayar Bat-Ider , Lee Se-Hwan , Bae Yongho , Heo Su Chin
Published: February 2025

Meniscus injuries are challenging to treat due to the tissue heterogeneity and limited treatment efficacy. Understanding meniscus cell migration, crucial for healing, remains incomplete, especially its zonal dependency. This study explores how epigenetic mechanisms affect meniscus cell migration under inflammation, focusing on healing implications. Distinct histone modifications and chromatin dynamics between inner and outer cells were observed during migration, emphasizing the need to consider these differences in repair strategies. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), a proinflammatory cytokine, slows inner meniscus cell migration, while outer cells remain unaffected, indicating a zonal response. Interestingly, TNF-α differentially alters histone modifications, particularly H3K27me3, between the cell types. Transcriptome analysis showed significant gene expression changes with inner cells more affected than outer cells. Gene cluster analysis revealed different responses in chromatin remodeling, extracellular matrix assembly, and wound healing between zones. We further identified potential therapeutic targets by using epigenetic drugs, GSKJ4 (a histone demethylase inhibitor) and C646 (a histone acetyltransferase inhibitor), which restored inner meniscus cell migration under inflammatory conditions, highlighting their potential in treating meniscus tears. This highlights their potential utility in treating meniscus tear injuries. Overall, our findings elucidate the intricate interplay between epigenetic mechanisms and meniscus cell migration, along with its meniscus zonal dependency. This study provides insight into potential targets for enhancing meniscus repair and regeneration, which may lead to improved clinical outcomes for patients with meniscus injuries and osteoarthritis.
Anomalous relaxation and electrical impedance: A diffusion approach with adsorption–desorption at the interfaces
Authors: Rosseto M. P. , Zola R. S. , Lenzi E. K. , Evangelista L. R.
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates several strategies for modeling electrochemical impedance, in particular, exploring the effects of fractional calculus. It focuses on the theoretical approach for describing systems with anomalous diffusion; as a result, these effects can be analytically expressed as functions of frequency when different boundary conditions are considered. Starting with the normal case as a reference scenario, this study discusses how to increase the complexity of mathematical solutions by generalizing fundamental equations. The second strategy extends the continuity equation to include a fractional contribution. Subsequently, Fick’s law is also extended, considering a case that incorporates a fractal derivative. Finally, we utilize electrochemical impedance to determine electric conductivity, analyze mean-square displacement, and connect it to the diffusion process.
Temperature and pressure effects on the surface structure of liquid gallium
Authors: Fang Yi-Bin , Sun De-Yan , Gong Xin-Gao
Published: February 2025

Liquid gallium exhibits a unique metallic-covalent coexistence. Leveraging the volume constant pressure molecular dynamics method and a well-trained neural network potential, we study the evolution of liquid Ga surface structures under varying temperatures and pressures. Our study presents a schematic P–T phase diagram of the liquid surface. We observe symmetric static structure factor main peaks in the outermost layers of the liquid Ga surface compared with asymmetric ones for inner layers, indicating a simple liquid behavior and a lack of Ga2 dimers at the surface. We calculate the surface energy and the surface tension, which reveal non-monotonic changes. All these results provide a further insight into understanding the physics of the strange metal gallium.
Non-ergodic-induced negative differential piezoresponse in relaxor ferroelectrics
Authors: Saguy C. , Kowalski B. , Sehirlioglu A. , Ivry Y.
Published: February 2025

Relaxor ferroelectrics exhibit a unique competition between long-range and short-range interactions that can be tuned electrically, which prioritizes these materials in a broad range of electro-mechanical energy-conversion technologies, including biomedical imaging and electric-charge generators. Here, we demonstrate differential negative piezoresponse by utilizing the short-range interactions in relaxor ferroelectrics. The effect was observed over a broad temperature range with local piezoresponse spectroscopy in unpoled samples, while no negative piezoresponse was observed when the material was pre-poled. These measurements suggest that the effect, which is promising for power-generation applications, originates from non-ergodic behavior. Complementary macroscale impedance and dielectric constant measurements as a function of temperature and frequency supported the mesoscopic findings. Bearing in mind the direct relationship between piezoresponse and capacitance, relaxor ferroelectrics appear as an excellent platform for the emerging technology of low-power negative-capacitance transistors.
Perspective: Are glasses really frozen?
Authors: Egami Takeshi , Ryu Chae Woo
Published: February 2025

A glass is obtained by cooling a liquid fast enough to avoid crystallization. It is a solid with elastic constants and density similar to those of a crystal with the same composition. It is customarily assumed that the structure of a glass is frozen, and atoms are largely locked into a random, but specific, structure; while a small number of loosely bound atoms may be mobile, most atoms are frozen at room temperature and below. However, recent simulation studies on metallic glasses present a rather different picture. A very significant fraction (∼20%) of atoms are not frozen and locally mobile, even down to T = 0 partly because of quantum effect. Here, we describe these observations and discuss their implications on the nature of the glass structure and the origin of the glass transition.
Tsunamis, rogue waves, lump waves, mixed lump strip solitons, rational solitons, breathers, and their interactions with kink waves
Authors: Ahmed Sarfaraz , Khalid Muhammad Irslan , Fei Jianbo , Chen Xiangsheng
Published: February 2025

Large-scale disturbances, like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, or glacier calving, produce tsunamis, which cause vast amounts of water to be displaced and long-wavelength waves that can get taller as they get closer to shallow waters. The study of tsunami waves took into account significant wave characteristics like width, velocity, and collision by solving the damped geophysical model analytically. First, by applying appropriate transformation and the Hirota bilinear method (HBM) to the tsunami wave model, we analyze a formal wave propagation that shows discrete lumps, breathers, and their interactions. For the governing equation, localized solutions in the form of lump solutions and multiple lump wave solutions are found via a positive quadratic transformation. The lump one strip, lump two strips, lump periodic solutions, and a variety of interactions are computed, among distinct lumps, 1-kink wave (KW), and 2-kink waves, respectively, by using a mix of positive quadratic, exponential, and trigonometric transformations. Positive quadratic transformation and cosine are combined to evaluate the rogue waves (RW) solutions. Next, the Ma-breathers (MBs), Kuznetsov-Ma breathers (KMBs), and generalized breathers (GBs) are computed together with the corresponding standard RWs. Furthermore, we use the logarithmic transformation and symbolic computation with ansatz function technique to obtain Homoclinic breathers (HBs), M-shape solitons, interaction of one kink and M-soliton, interaction of two kink and M-soliton, interaction of RW, KWs, and M-soliton. Also, the periodic cross-rational solutions (PCRs), multi-wave solutions, amplitude, energy, and solitary wave relations are obtained.