bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PROMOSI DAN PERSEPSI HARGA TERHADAP MINAT BELI ULANG JASA TRANSPORTASI ONLINE GRAB
Authors: Hartati Teti , Djuniardi Dede , Komarudin Munir Nur
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pengguna jasa transportasi online Grab di Kecamatan Kuningan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pola pengaruh variabel Promosi dan variabel Persepsi Harga terhadap Minat Beli Ulang jasa transportasi online Grab. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 108 responden, teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif untuk menggambarkan karakteristik sampel dan persepsi responden serta metode verifikatif untuk menguji dampak promosi dan persepsi harga terhadap minat beli ulang. Adapun teknik analisis data yang dilakukan didasarkan pada model regresi linear berganda. Di dalam model tersebut digunakan dus statistik uji, yaitu uji F untuk pengujian hipotesis secara serentak, dan uji t untuk menguji hipotesis secara individual. Hasil pengujian menyatakan: (1) Variabel Promosi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Minat Beli Ulang. (2) Variabel Persepsi Harga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Minat Beli Ulang. (3) Promosi dan Persepsi Harga secara simultan berpengaruh dan signifikan terhadap Minat Beli Ulang.
Kata kunci: promosi; persepsi harga; minat beli ulang
 
Abstract
This research was conducted on users of the Grab online transportation service in Kuningan District. The aim of this research is to find out the influence pattern of Promotion variables and Price Perception variables on Repurchase Interest in Grab online transportation services. The population in this study was 108 respondents, the sampling technique used purposive sampling, the data collection method used a questionnaire. This research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive methods to describe sample characteristics and respondents' perceptions as well as verification methods to test the impact of promotions and price perceptions on repurchase interest. The data analysis technique used is based on a multiple linear regression model. In this model, test statistics are used, namely the F test for testing hypotheses simultaneously, and the t test for testing hypotheses individually. The test results state: (1) Promotion variables have a positive and significant effect on repurchase interest. (2) The Price Perception variable has a positive and significant effect on Repurchase Intention. (3) Promotion and Price Perception simultaneously and significantly influence Repurchase Intention.
Keywords: promotion;, price perception; repurchase interest.
Professional Liability
Authors: Sherman Josh , Baker Abbie
Published: February 2024

This Article describes and analyzes major developments in professional liability law that occurred in Texas between December 1 and November 30 of 2022.
Family Law
Authors: Grossman Joanna L. , Leatherberry Christine
Published: February 2024

More than 300,000 new family law cases were filed in Texas in 2022; more than a third of those were divorces (and there were more divorces in Texas than in any other state). Tens of thousands of children live in households that are involved in family court proceedings in any given year. Family law remains one of the areas with the greatest unmet legal need—more than half of litigants are pro se in cases with enormous stakes. The work of lawyers, judges, and other professionals in this area should not be underestimated. In this Article, we will try to lighten the load somewhat by highlighting the most important family law cases during the year 2022. As the reader will see, they touch on a wide range of issues, both substantive and procedural. There is no single takeaway from this year’s case law, but the opinions illustrate the challenge of staying on top of a complex and busy area of law.
SACROILIAC ARTHROMYELITIS: CASE REPORT
Authors:   Hospital Santa Rosa. Lima, Perú, Sernaque Mechato Roger A. , Romero Sánchez Pablo A. , Mamani Murillo Julio A. , Quiñones Rodríguez Yelenit E. , Moncada Solano Marco A. , Toledo De la Torre Jesús D. ,   Instituto de investigaciones en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Universidad Ricardo Palma. Lima, Perú.,   Universidad Federico Villarreal
Published: February 2024

Infectious sacroiliitis is a rare condition that is sometimes diagnosed late due to the poor specificity of the symptoms. In addition, imaging techniques such as scintigraphy, tomography, and nuclear magnetic resonance are required to assess the extent and severity of the lesions. If early diagnosis and treatment are made, the clinical evolution is satisfactory and leaves no sequelae. Clinical case: the case of an 83-year-old female patient is presented, with a history of ischemic cerebrovascular disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes mellitus and urinary tract infection, who presented with moderately intense colic-like abdominal pain, afebrile, and reported that at the time After getting up from his chair he felt weakness in his left side. On admission, hypertensive, febrile with T°: 38°C SatO2: 98% with FiO2: 0.4. On physical examination, there was edema in MMII with pitting (+), distended abdomen, pain in the right flank and left hemiparesis. To the laboratory: hemoglobin 14.8 g/dl, platelets 38,000 μl, leukocytes 18,000 μl.
CASE REPORT ABOUT IMMUNOTHERAPY IN MANAGEMENT OF METASTATIC RENAL CANCER: TREATMENT WITH CHECKPOINT PD-L1 AND/OR ANTI-CTLA-4
Authors:   Servicio de Oncología Médica en el Hospital Militar Central, Lima-Perú, Malpartida Palomino Robert , Malpartida Palomino Jesús M. , Matos Malpartida Joseph ,   IAFAS Ejercito del Perú,   Servicio de Oftalmología Pediátrica en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño de San Borja, Lima-Perú,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima-Perú,   Hospital Emergencia Ate-Vitarte
Published: February 2024

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents approximately 15%, presenting as advanced or metastatic, where surgery is not curative. The prognosis of patients with advanced or metastatic CRC can vary from a few months to a few years, depending on the clinical, pathological and radiological characteristics of the disease. Currently, anti-monoclonals are being used, which is based on immunotherapy-based as checkpoint inhibitors in the initial systemic therapy of advanced treatment of clear cell RCC. This research presents a clinical case where immunotherapy plays a role through the use of anti-monoclonals for the approach of a male patient with metastatic kidney disease who presents a clinical response after surgical treatment and immunotherapy for two years without evidence of oncological disease to date.
Comparative study of indicators of maladjusted psychosocial behavior among high school students with higher and lower propensity to bullying behavior
Authors:   Universidad Ricardo Palma. Lima, Perú., Sánchez Carlessi Héctor Hugo , Palacios Gil Renzo Ricardo ,   Instituto de Investigación en Salud Mental, Universidad Ricardo Palma. Lima, Perú.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Bullying is harmful behavior in school contexts, affecting students' lives. Objective: To identify and compare indicators of maladjusted behavior in students with different propensities to bullying. Methodology: This descriptive and quantitative study used surveys and a comparative followed by correlational design to assess maladjusted behaviors (stress, low self-esteem, incivility, family maladjustment, propensity to violence) in secondary students from Lima and Callao. The non-probabilistic sample included 1345 first and second-year students, divided into two groups based on their bullying propensity (high -Group E- and low -Group C-). Scales from the INDACPS inventories and the Bullying Propensity Scale (BPS) were applied, analyzing data with SPSS v.25 and Jamovi. Differences between groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test, and variable correlation was determined using Spearman's correlation. Results: Group E had higher levels of stress, low self-esteem, incivility, family maladjustment, and propensity to violence, with statistical significance (p<0.001) compared to Group C. Statistically significant correlations were found between the propensity to bullying and these indicators, being stronger in the total sample (p<0.001). Additionally, significant gender differences were observed in stress, low self-esteem, family maladjustment, and propensity to violence, but not in incivility and bullying propensity. Conclusion: Students with a higher propensity to bullying exhibit higher levels of stress, low self-esteem, incivility, family maladjustment, and propensity to violence, underscoring the importance of comprehensive interventions.
THE INFLUENCE OF REVISIT INTENTION AND SELF-CONCEPT ON E-WOM BASED ON THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR
Authors: Albana Deasa Nurrhausan , Marsasi Endy Gunanto
Published: February 2024

This study aims to investigate the influence of revisit intention and self-concept on electronic word-of-mouth (E-WOM) among Gen Z using the Theory of Planned Behavior, particularly Mixue Ice Cream & Tea consumers. In this quantitative study, the data was collected using a questionnaire distributed to 250 respondents, and was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that self-concept positively influences the revisit intention. Revisit intention is positively and significantly influenced by perceived price justice and satisfaction. Perceived price justice is identified as influencing loyalty positively and significantly, while perceived satisfaction influences loyalty positively and significantly. Revisit intention affects loyalty showing a positive and significant relationship, while E-WOM is identified to be positively and significantly influenced by loyalty. The implications of this research are relevant for food and beverage companies to strategize their business strategy to increase consumer confidence so that it will affect E-WOM.JEL: M31, M21, L84.
Alkoxy Substituted Brominated closo-Dodecaborates with Functionalized Aliphatic Spacers
Authors: Yamamoto Satoshi , Nakamura Hibiki , K. Kawamura Yumiko , Kitazawa Taro , Kimura Mutsumi , Kitazawa Yu
Published: February 2024

The utilization of dodecaborate boron clusters, B12X122– (X = Cl, Br, or I), as membrane carriers has been demonstrated recently, and their activity is known to be due to their superchaotropic nature. In this work, the mono alkylation of [B12Br11OH]2– to functionalize it with an aliphatic spacer was developed with a view to expanding the known chemical space of membrane carriers based on B12Br122–. A new and improved facile route for the preparation of [B12Br11OH]2–, which is an important precursor to other [B12Br11OR]2– species, is reported. Various alkoxylated [B12Br11O(CH2)5Z]2– (Z = OH, N(CO)2C6H4, CN and N3) derivatives were prepared via a divergent synthesis based on [B12Br11O(CH2)5Br]2–. One of the newly synthesized compounds was utilized as a membrane carrier and its impact on cell viability was examined.
Molecular Field Analysis in Half-Titanocene Complexes: Computational Study towards Data-Driven in silico Optimization of Single-Site Olefin Polymerization Catalysts
Authors: Yamaguchi Shigeru , Kikuchi Takahiro , Tanaka Kenichi , Takamiya Ikuko
Published: February 2024

We performed molecular field analysis using computed data of half-titanocene-catalyzed olefin polymerization. The activation energies of ethylene insertion, propylene insertion, and the energy differences between ethylene insertion and β-hydrogen transfer calculated with DFT methods were employed as target variables for regression analysis. Molecular fields (voxel data) calculated from corresponding transition-state structures were used as descriptors. The structural information visualized based on the molecular field-based regression analysis provided a catalyst design guideline. A phosphinimide catalyst designed following the guideline showed enhanced computed free energy values. According to a previous report, the designed catalyst exhibited higher activity and polymer molecular weight in ethylene polymerization compared to a high performance phosphinimide catalyst in the training samples.
Disertación sobre autismo y asperger en Facatativá
Authors: Rincón Díaz Omaira Aydée , Vásquez Brochero Luz Dary
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo pretende volver la mirada a los síndromes de autismo y asperger, de tal manera que se genere inquietud sobre éstos para, en el caso de las autoridades educativas, establecer un precedente frente a la necesidad de conocerlos y ofrecer mejores condiciones a las instituciones y personal que atienden a personas con alguno de éstos síndromes. En ese sentido, este escrito expone en qué consisten los síndromes de autismo y asperger. Asimismo, muestra, a través de experiencias de investigación, el manejo de estos trastornos en el municipio de Facatativá, específicamente dentro del sistema educativo.
Bases para hacer de la guadua un negocio sostenible en Cundinamarca
Authors: Moreno Ortiz Oscar Andrés , Melo Jaimes John Andersson , Ortiz Morales Rubén Darío , Vacca José Crisanto , Herrera Silva Lizeth Angélica , Hernández Rojas Alexandra , García Marín Laura Daniela , Palacios Forero Sandra Jullieth , Russi Quiroga Nelly Yolanda , Parra Pedraza Elkin Javier , Acosta-Leal Daniel Augusto , Silva Hernández Oscar Iván , Zambrano Prada Jesús Gabriel
Published: February 2024

Este libro, que reúne los principales temas tratados en la ejecución del proyecto "Fortalecimiento de la cadena productiva de la guadua (Guadua angustifolia Kunth) por medio del desarrollo e implementación de dos paquetes tecnológicos para la generación de productos con valor agregado en Cundinamarca”, le permite al lector conocer de cerca el proceso investigativo mediante la aplicación de dos metodologías de transformación, como son el laminado y el carbón activado. La investigación contó con la participación de 250 actores de la guadua, entre los que se encuentran productores, transformadores y comercializadores de 12 municipios del departamento, con el fi n de generar una propuesta de valor al proceso de aprovechamiento de este recurso vegetal no maderable en las comunidades involucradas.
El ejercicio de socialización mediado por aplicaciones (dating apps) durante la pandemia por COVID-19. El caso del entorno digital mexicano.
Authors: Gutierrez Fernando , Kazuo Benjamín , Massry Rebeka
Published: February 2024

Este artículo explora el ejercicio de socialización por medio de aplicaciones (dating apps) entre jóvenes nacidos entre 1999-2004, que residen en las tres principales ciudades del país (Guadalajara, Monterrey y Ciudad de Mexico), durante el periodo de julio de 2021 a abril de 2022.
Translating emotions: Emotive aspect in Ernest Hemingway’s 'For Whom the Bell Tolls' and its Polish translation by Bronisław Zieliński
Authors: Orent Monika
Published: February 2024

This article constitutes a stylistic analysis of expressing emotions in Ernest Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls and its Polish translation by Bronisław Zieliński. It takes into account 8 excerpts which, on the one hand – are the most distinctive to Ernest Hemingway’s literary style, and in which, at the same time, the emotive aspect is predominant, and on the other – such, which exhibit a significant analytical potential from the point of view of translation studies. Consequently, the analysis aims to investigate the linguistic means (lexical, grammatical, syntactical, semantic and phonetic) applied by both the writer and the translator. The nature of this article is qualitative; an attempt is made to present the challenges which the translator needed to face and to assess the decisions of the translator in terms of transferring emotions and style.
Merchants Protests against the Colonial Coffee Marketing Policies. Tanganyika 1920s-1950s
Authors: Seimu Somo D.L. , Zoppi Marco
Published: February 2024

A través de un amplio uso de las fuentes primarias disponibles en los archivos nacionales de Tanzania en Dar Es Salaam, los autores realizan un análisis histórico de las relaciones de poder que dominaron la comercialización del café en el distrito de Bukoba durante las décadas de 1920 a 1950, cuando el territorio estaba bajo el dominio colonial británico. Los pequeños productores locales, los comerciantes y las autoridades coloniales fueron los tres principales actores involucrados en la cadena productiva del café. Este documento muestra específicamente cómo los comerciantes indios dominaron la industria del café en el distrito de Bukoba. Identifica las políticas coloniales de comercialización del café que se introdujeron en la zona y analiza sus fundamentos y resultados; examina por qué tales políticas fueron rechazadas por los comerciantes indios; y determina el impacto de la implementación de algunas de las políticas en la industria del café.
REVITALISASI KEARIFAN LOKAL MELALUI PENGOLAHAN RIMPANG SEGAR MENJADI JAMU TRADISIONAL SEBAGAI RINTISAN BISNIS ONLINE
Authors: Maromon Eltina Agustina , Rupidara Anggreini D.N. , Djawang Jofret U.S Peku
Published: February 2024

Revitalisasi kearifan lokal melalui pengolahan beragam jenis rimpang oleh ibu rumah tangga (IRT) desa Oelnasi menjadi jamu/minuman tradisional memiliki potensi yang baik untuk dikembangkan. Pengetahuan tentang hal tersebut tidak dimiliki ibu rumah tangga dan perempuan kampung. Tingginya masalah kesehatan namun daya beli masyarakat yang minim terhadap obat kimia ke apotek karena terkendala pada kondisi ketidakmampuan ekonomi keluarga menjadi urgensi IRT dan perempuan kampung harus terampil mengolah rimpang menjadi obat herbal. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatan pengetahuan perempuan desa Oelnasi terhadap khasiat rimpang, ketrampilan pemilihan jenis rimpang, manajemen pengolahan, higenitas produk jamu berpeluang menjadi usaha tetap sehingga pemasarannya dapat dilakukan secara online. Metode yang dilakukan pada pelaksanaan pelatihan adalah: (1) konsolidasi kepada mitra; (2) ceramah; (3) pendampingan; (4) evaluasi melalui pemberian kuesioner kepada peserta pelatihan terkait pelaksanaan kegiatan berdasarkan LIKERT dengan tujuan mengetahui hasil kegiatan yang diukur secara kualitatif. Hasil kegiatan PKM menunjukan mitra mampu memilih jenis rimpang yang berkualitas baik, mampu mengolah rimpang menjadi jamu dengan menjalankan protokol higienitas selama masa produksi, dan mampu memasarkan produk jamu melalui media sosial (facebook, tiktok dan WhatsApp) menggunakan gawai yang ada. Pemasaran produk jamu hasil olahan mitra telah dipasarkan melalui ketiga media sosial tersebut, akan tetapi hal tersebut baru mencapai presentase 50% karena  6 dari 12  anggota mitra masih belum melek digital sosial media. Mitra memproduksi jamu, memasarkannya menggunakan platform digital, namun belum maksimal karena terkendala sumber daya manusia, motivasi, dukungan keluarga serta komunitas.
INTRODUKSI PENGETAHUAN DAN LIMPAH KETRAMPILAN PEMBUATAN BASRENG PADA ANGGOTA POSYANDU BINAKARYA
Authors: Haetami Kiki , Junianto
Published: February 2024

Pemerintah saat ini sangat penduli dalam upaya menurunkan dan mencegah terjadinya stunting.  Pertumbuhan yang dibawah standar saat berumur kurang dari 6 tahun disebut dengan istilah stunting.  Salah satu program untuk mengurangi stunting ini yaitu memberikan makanan sehat dan padat gizi yaitu berprotein tinggi pada anak-anak dalam kegiatan posyandu.  Makan yang sehat dan bergizi tersebut dapat diproduksi sendiri oleh anggota posyandu dalam upaya menjamin keamanan dan hieginitas produk serta mengoptimalkan anggaran.  Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan ibu-ibu posyandu Desa Binakarya Kabupaten Garut terhadap pembuatan bakso ikan goreng (Basreng).  Basreng adalah makanan yang bergizi dan disukai oleh anak-anak.  Metode pelaksanaannya terdiri dari dua tahapan yaitu seminar yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan denplot parsitipatif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan peserta kegiatan.  Kegiatan berlangsung dari tanggal 5 Januari 2023 sampai dengan 6 Pebuari 2023, khalayak sasaran strategisnya adalah Ibu-Ibu kader Posyandu.  Hasil kegiatan seminar yang telah dilakukan, skor pengetahuan  peserta seminar tentang gizi ikani untuk mencegah stunting dan tahapan pembuatan bakso ikan goreng meningkat.  Skor pengetahuan sebelum seminar adalah 7,85 dan setelah seminar menjadi 9,95 dari nilai maksimal 10. Proses pembuatan bakso ikan goreng yang dilakukan oleh peserta kegiatan selama denplot parsipatif berjalan dengan baik dan lancar.  Produk bakso ikan goreng yang dihasilkan memiliki kenampakan yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan bakso ikan goreng komersial.  Tingkat pendidikan dan motivasi yang kuat dari peserta khalayak sasaran strategis menjadi faktor utama keberhasilan kegiatan ini.  Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan dan keterampilan peserta kegiatan terhadap pembuatan bakso ikan goreng meningkat.
Development of Optical Equipment Learning Media with the Utilization of Used Goods in Elementary School Science Subjects
Authors: Novanto Angga Eko , Sutama Sutama , Desstya Anatri , Prastiwi Yenny , Rahmawati Laili Etika
Published: February 2024

The problem that often occurs in the science learning process is the lack of involvement of students in using learning media, this is due to the lack of learning media available in schools. This study aims to test the feasibility of optical instrument learning media products with the use of used goods in elementary school science subjects. This type of research uses the R&D (Research and Development) model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The subjects used were 9 grade IV students of SDN Sumberasri 04 Blitar. Data collection in the form of interview results, expert validation sheets, student response questionnaires, and observation sheets. Data analysis in the form of qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis. The questionnaire used is in the form of Likert scale. The results showed validation carried out by media experts on simple microscope products 91.66%, simple magnifying glasses 95.85%, and simple periscopes 95.85%, and the response of students obtained an average score of 3.55. The results stated that media products are classified as very suitable for use in elementary school science learning
Interactive Digital Teaching Module Based on Differentiated Instruction and Its Impact on Students' Problem-Solving Skills
Authors: Rahayu Ayu , Rosti Rosti
Published: February 2024

Differentiated Instruction (DI) is a solution offered in the Merdeka Belajar curriculum, where students study chemistry material according to their abilities, what they like, and their individual needs so that they are not frustrated and feel like they have failed in their learning experience. This study aims to develop interactive digital teaching modules based on Differentiated Instruction (DI) that meet valid, practical, and effective criteria for problem-solving abilities. This research is development research based on the ADDIE model with stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The trial sample was class X students of SMAN 1 Latambaga. The results showed validity with a value of 2.59, Practical with a value of 3.31 on teacher activity and a weight of 3.41 on student activity. Effective with good student response 74%. Problem-solving ability increases with a test score gain of 0.32 in the medium category. It is concluded that the interactive digital teaching module based on Differentiated Instruction (DI) can be used in the learning process because it begins with a diagnostic assessment so that learning is by students' abilities and learning styles
Review of Potential Biochar Utilization on Soil Quality in Agricultural Environments
Authors: Zaman Badrus , Sarminingsih Anik , Pratiwi Lisa Cahya
Published: February 2024

Land and environmental sustainability are two interconnected factors of long-term development. Former sand mining area that has been neglected and disused for many years can have a significant impact on environmental degradation. Sand mining activities previously conducted on this site employing trucks hauling mining goods may have had an impact on soil erosion and topsoil removal. The use of biochar is one promising invention in agriculture and land restoration. The purpose of this article is to investigate the usage of biochar as a substance for enhancing soil quality. Biochar is a carbon product derived from the pyrolysis (low or no oxygen heating) of organic biomass such as wood, straw, or other plant leftovers. Because of its numerous benefits in enhancing soil quality and promoting sustainable agriculture, the use of biochar in agriculture and land restoration has attracted extensive attention. Aside from that, biochar is thought to be more efficient than other techniques of enhancing soil quality due to its low cost
Effectiveness of a Problem-Based Learning Model with Quizizz Learning Media on Science Learning Outcomes
Authors: Novitasari Denis , Ansori Isa , Widagdo Arif
Published: February 2024

This study was motivated by the low learning outcomes of grade 5th students at Elementary School 14 Sragen in science subjects due to suboptimal learning. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning learning model with Quizizz media on the science learning outcomes of fifth grade students of Elementary School 14 Sragen. This type of research is experimental research with a quasi-experimental research design. The research method used is Quasi-experimental design, research sampling involves two study groups of grade V students, namely the experimental class and the control class, with a total of 17 students each. The data analysis method was carried out by applying a paired sample t-test to test the hypothesis and N-gain test to assess the effectiveness of the learning model. The results showed that PBL with Quizizz media was declared effective based on the paired sample t-test with a result of 0.000, which means that there is an average difference in student science learning outcomes between the problem-based learning model with Quizizz media and the STAD model. The experimental class N-gain test results were higher than the control class 79.2532> 53.8574 effective criteria. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the application of the Problem-Based Learning learning model with Quizizz media can improve student learning outcomes and more effectively improve student science learning outcomes.
Relationship Between Halitosis Level and Oral Hygiene in High School Student
Authors: Erawati Suci , Idamawati Idamawati , Wijaya Hans
Published: February 2024

Halitosis, known as bad breath, is a condition in which many patients complain about that cause unpleasant odor that comes from the mouth, which can affect the quality of life both psychologically and social life. Knowledge of maintaining oral health plays an important role in oral health conditions. This research to discover whether there is correlation between halitosis and the level of oral hygiene in high school students at Letjen S.Parman school in Medan. Researcher used a descriptive observational method which then analyzed the data using SPSS bivariate analysis with Pearson measuring to analyze the correlation between halitosis and oral hygiene. Shapiro-Wilk test found sig.value amounting to 0.180 on the questionnaire score and 0.068 on the OHIS, both results are greater than 0.05 indicates the datas are normally distributed. Then bivariate analysis was carried out and the Pearson results obtained showed Sig (2 tailed) value of 0.421, where the significance value was Sig.(2 tailed) 0.004<0.05, so can be affirmed that there is a relation between halitosis and the level of oral hygiene. H1 is accepted, which defines that there is an association between halitosis and the level oral hygiene of high school teenagers at Letjen S. Parman Medan school.
Electronic Science Module in the Merdeka Curriculum: Teacher and Student Perspectives
Authors: Setyaningsih Ani , Maryati Maryati , Wilujeng Insih , Ilma Arina Zaida
Published: February 2024

Education curriculum in Indonesia changed from the revised 2013 Curriculum to the Merdeka Curriculum. It requires the strategic, methods, teaching materials, learning model, media and method used by teachers. One of the teaching materials is an electronic module. The research aimed to explore information from the perspective of teachers and students regarding the electronic science module in the Merdeka Curriculum. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative descriptive. The data collection technique was carried out by interviewing three science teachers, and an open questionnaire of students from three schools in Yogyakarta by 115 students. The research results according to the teacher's and studentâ€™s perspective on electronic science module in the Merdeka Curriculum. Teachers are very interested in using electronic modules to help science learning. Students prefer to study with electronic module because they can be accessed via laptops or smartphones and can add teaching materials other than textbooks to the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. Electronic module can be used as an alternative solution to support studentsâ€™ understanding of science material. The results can be used for further research to develop electronic module that are following the characteristics of students and supported by facilities to access it
Effects of rankl inhibitor on hormonal parameters in letrozole induced rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome.
Authors: Rabia Rauf  , Uzma Erum  , Surriyya Sarwat  , Muhammad Rashid  , Rahat Bano  , Fatima Naseem Khan
Published: February 2024

Objective: To study the effect of RANKL inhibitor on serum FSH, LH and testosterone level in Letrozole induced rat model of PCOS. Study Design: Experimental Animal study. Setting: Thirty adult female Wistar Albino rats of 6-8 weeks of age with a weight range of 120–150 gm were recruited from the animal house of Baqai Medical University. Period: February 2022 till August 2022. Material & Methods: The rats were randomly divided into A, B, and C groups and each contained 10 rats. Group A was considered ass control while Group B served as Letrozole induced PCOS group and Group C served as RANKL inhibitor group. Letrozole dissolved in 0.1% CMC and was given at a dose of 1 mg/kg orally for 21 days to induce PCOS. RANKL inhibitor (Denosumab) was given 0.25 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously for 4 weeks after the induction of PCOS i.e from 21 days to 50th days. At the end of the experiment, blood was taken from intra cardiac puncture and analyzed through ELISA. Results: Mean serum level of LH and testosterone level were significantly higher (P<0.001) in Letrozole-treated PCOs group which was significantly decreased (P<0.001) in Denosumab treated animals but significantly higher (P<0.05) than control group. Whereas, mean serum FSH level was significantly (P<0.01) lower in the Letrozole-treated group which was significantly increased in Denosumab treated animals but significantly lower (P<0.05) than the control group. Conclusion: RANKL inhibitor could prevent the hormonal imbalance in letrozole treated PCOs in albino rats.
Syntonic Tuning
Authors: Wibberley Roger
Published: February 2024

This Essay makes at the outset an important (if somewhat
controversial) assumption. This is that Syntonic tuning (Just Intonation) is not—though often presumed to be so—primarily what might be termed “a performer’s
art.” On the contrary it is a composer’s art. As with the work of any composer
from any period, it is the performer’s duty to render the music according to the
composer’s wishes as shown through the evidence. Such evidence may be indirect
(perhaps documentary) or it may be explicitly structural (to be revealed through
analysis). What will be clear is the fallacy of assuming that Just Intonation
can (or should) be applied to any music rather than only to that which was
specifically designed by the composer for the purpose. How one can deduce
whether a particular composer did, or did not, have the sound world of Just
Intonation (henceforward referred to as “JI”) in mind when composing will also
be explored together with a supporting analytical rationale. Musical soundscape
(especially where voices are concerned) means, of course, incalculably more than
mere “accurate intonation of pitches” (which alone is the focus of this essay):
its color derives not only from pitch combination, but more importantly from
the interplay of vocal timbres. These arise from the diverse vowel sounds and
consonants that give life, color and expression. The audio examples provided
here are therefore to be regarded as “playbacks” and no claim is being implied
or intended that they in any way stand up as “performances.” Some care,
nonetheless, has been taken to make them as acceptable as is possible with
computer-generated sounds.
Rules for Chord Doubling (and Spacing)
Authors: Hippel Paul T. von , Aarden Bret
Published: February 2024

In MTO 10.2, we systematically tested common-practice “Rules for Chord Doubling (and Spacing).” We concluded that, while most of the commonly taught rules are not particularly helpful, two are definitely worth teaching: students should be taught to avoid doubling tendency tones, and to favor wide spacing in the bass. In the current issue of MTO, Wibberley expresses an
ambivalent attitude toward rules, and questions our methods and results.
Wibberley’s criticism, however, is based on a sample of just 10 chord pairs,
which (as it turns out) are unrepresentative of the 3603 chord pairs in our
analysis. We clarify our methods and results, respond to some questions raised
by Wibberley and other readers, and discuss the merits and limits of musical
rules.
Prompting Performance: Text, Script, and Meaning in Bryn Harrison’s être-temps
Authors: Cook Nicholas
Published: February 2024

Taking as its focus a piano solo work by the British composer Bryn
Harrison, this article focuses on the manner in which complex rhythmic notation
functions not (or not simply) to specify a sound object, but to prompt a
performative interaction between pianist and score—an interaction that needs to
be renewed on each occasion of performance. It is based on documentation of the
first performance, given by Philip Thomas, including recorded rehearsals and
interviews with both composer and pianist.
The Persona-Environment Relation in Recorded Song
Authors: Moore Allan F.
Published: February 2024

This article proposes a typology of relations between

the persona and its environment in recorded popular song, envisaged as the

relationship between lyric/melody and accompaniment. It argues that the function

of an accompaniment moves from simple pitch/meter orientation, through

genre-setting and tone-setting, to support, amplification and explanation of the

persona’s situation, and finally to contradiction with it.
Review of David Cope, Techniques of the Contemporary Composer (Schirmer Books, 1997)
Authors: Weisser Benedict
Published: February 2024

Techniques of the Contemporary Composer represents at once

an updating, an elaboration, and a pedagogically-oriented codification

of material presented by David Cope in previous books such as New

Directions in Music. It is a useful resource if only for the novelty

of the large amount and variety of techniques and issues addressed in

the space of a single text. Though a worthy addition to a contemporary

music library, Techniques of the Contemporary Composer contains a

number of serious flaws which prevent it from being a truly

authoritative source. The most grievous is the fact that Cope composes

his own musical examples rather than reprinting excerpts from other

composers’ works. Though potentially useful in the study of

composition and relevant disciplines such as notational/performance

practice, it should not be adhered to as an authoritative classroom

text. In addition, it should be supplemented generously with the

original scores of the works whose techniques Cope addresses.
SMT 1997 Plenary Session
Authors: Straus Joseph N.
Published: February 2024

The Society for Music Theory celebrates its twentieth
anniversary amid the growing diversity of our field.
Six of our most distinguished members have been asked
to talk about what has interested them most in the past
ten years, since our tenth-anniversary celebration in
1987 at the Eastman School of Music.
White Note Fantasy
Authors: Soderberg Stephen
Published: February 2024

In Part I “topological” transformations are utilized to
generate pre-compositional systems called “white note systems.”
Applying the procedures developed there, Part II combines some of the
work done by others on three fundamental aspects of diatonic systems:
underlying scale structure, harmonic structure, and basic voice
leading. This synthesis allows the recognition of select
hyperdiatonic systems which, while lacking some of the simple and
direct character of the usual (“historical”) diatonic system, possess
a richness and complexity which have yet to be fully exploited.
J. S. Bach’s Prelude and Fugue in E Flat (BWV 522,1/2)
Authors: Wibberley Roger
Published: February 2024

The influence of Luther on J. S. Bach was

unimaginably profound: Bach’s library contained at least two

expensive collected editions of Luther’s writings, and many more

volumes besides. This essay examines one specific aspect of

Luther’s teaching and its impact upon Bach’s Clavier-Übung III.

This may not conclusively explain why Bach changed his mind about

the work’s ultimate profile, but it does allow a specific focus

upon two of the movements which—with analytical support—can

reveal more of Bach’s mind and working methods than might

otherwise be perceived.
Practical Aspects of Marchetto’s Tuning
Authors: Rahn Jay
Published: February 2024

In his historically momentous account of
tuning, Marchetto of Padua (fl. 1305–19) proposed
dividing the whole tone of received theory (9/8=204
cents) into 5 parts. This report develops determinate
arithmetic and geometric realizations of Marchetto’s
formulation—directly applicable to the medieval
monochord, and sonically illustrated by digital files.
The resulting intervals’ feasibility is compared with
current findings in the psychology of interval
perception. Conjectures are offered as to how and to
whom Marchetto’s tuning was taught. A dual formulation
of “nuanced,” heterogenous tonal systems is advanced to
assess structural effects of Marchetto’s tuning on
pieces and to suggest ways one could learn to perceive
and sing his intervals nowadays.
Hans Rott (1858–1884)—The Missing Link Between Bruckner and Mahler
Authors: James Tess
Published: February 2024

The relationship between Gustav Mahler and his friend/significant influence Hans Rott is discussed in this essay, as well as the relationship of Bruckner and his favourite student Rott. The essay contains a brief treatment of Rotts major work, the symphony in E Major and discusses how the history of music would have changed, had he lived longer.
White Note Fantasy, Part II
Authors: Soderberg Stephen
Published: February 2024

This article is a continuation of White Note Fantasy, Part I, published in MTO Vol. 4, No. 3 (May
1998).  Part II combines some of the work done by others on three fundamental aspects
of diatonic systems: underlying scale structure, harmonic structure, and basic voice
leading. This synthesis allows the recognition of select hyperdiatonic systems which,
while lacking some of the simple and direct character of the usual
(“historical”) diatonic system, possess a richness and complexity which have yet
to be fully exploited.
Review of Joseph Swain, Musical Languages (W.W. Norton & Company, 1997)
Authors: Temperley David
Published: February 2024

Joseph Swain’s Musical Languages is a systematic comparison of music

and language, examining possible musical parallels to linguistic concepts such as

phonology, syntax, meaning and metaphor, and also comparing music and language in terms of

the role of context and the nature of historical change. Musical Languages is

open-minded, cogent, and full of interesting ideas. Some of the parallels drawn between

music and language seem overstated, while some differences are exaggerated; and some of

Swain’s positions, though quite reasonable, are not as well-defended as they could be.
Report on Two Conferences in the Netherlands
Authors: Roemjantsew Tamara W.
Published: February 2024

During 1999 two important conferences have been held in The
Netherlands. This article contains a summary of topics discussed and purposes
set by the newly founded Dutch Society for Music Theory Conference and a report
on the 4th European Music Analysis Conference (Analysis in Europe Today: The
Different Traditions). The English version here published is based on reports by
Michiel Schuijer (Tijdschrift voor Muziektheorie/Magazine for Music
Theory, November 1999, pages 214–216), Patrick Van Deurzen and Leo Leutscher
(Newsletter of the Society for Music Theory, December 1999, pages 2–6).
Semiotics and the Art Music of India
Authors: Martinez José Luis
Published: February 2024

We know details of ancient classical music of India thanks to a
very old tradition of musicological scholarship. Dating as early as the
beginning of the Christian era, there is a crescent number of extant treatises
in Sanskrit dealing with all aspects of music theory, musical practice, dance,
and aesthetics. Indian scholars, in combining studies on the technical and
aesthetical features of music, have made clear a semiotic preoccupation, that of
understanding the meaning of music. Conversely, we find in the treatises
attribution of meaning to ragas, talas, and musical forms, implying also a
normative function to the theory of music. However, what was established in the
treatises has not corresponded perfectly to the music as practiced in courts and
temples. New treatises were in constant demand of being composed to adjust the
theory with the current practice.

The Western scholarship on the music of India has often employed the methods
of ethnology. Yet, this approach has been poor in creating better understandings
on issues with which Indian scholars have been concerned for millennia—in
particular, the meaning of music. It is my view that the general theory of
signs, as proposed by Charles Peirce, can be used as a theoretical instrument
that gives to the analyst precise concepts for the study of musical
signification. The advantage of this approach consists in operating with a
system that enables the study of the traditional Indian music in accordance with
its own logic. However, I believe that, between the general theory of signs (a
normative science) and the subject matter—music (consisting of acoustic
relations and facts of culture)—there must be an intermediate theory, or an
applied theory—namely, a theory of musical semiotics. My purpose in this
conference is to demonstrate how Indian music was studied with the semiotics of
Peirce, the semiotic theory of music built for that, and the results thereof.
Texture in Penderecki’s Sonoristic Style
Authors: Mirka Danuta
Published: February 2024

In his so-called “sonoristic” period of the early
1960s—represented by pieces such as Threnody, Fluorescences, Polymorphia,
and others—Penderecki employed a compositional system whose axiomatic concept
was not a single sound, but the sound matter in its totality. Distinct states of
this sound matter were governed by two relatively independent systems: (1) a
basic system which ruled the texture of sound masses and (2) a timbre system
governing their sound color. Categories of the basic system are a few binary
oppositions concerning pitch, time, and loudness: spatial mobility vs.
immobility, temporal mobility vs. immobility, spatial continuity vs.
discontinuity, temporal continuity vs. discontinuity, high vs. low register,
loud vs. soft dynamics. These categories account for the morphology of the basic
system because a combination of terms chosen from individual categories
generates an inventory of units in Penderecki’s sonoristic style. The same set
of categories also determines syntax, as the temporal order of units in the
course of musical narration is ruled by the internal logic of individual binary
oppositions. Categories of the timbre system are in turn metal, wood, and
leather—materials of which the sound sources of traditional musical instruments
are most often made—forming a ternary opposition. The timbre system underlies
the wealth of new musical tools as well as eccentric playing techniques on
traditional instruments called for by the composer.
Theory and Analysis of Melody in Balinese Gamelan
Authors: Tenzer Michael
Published: February 2024

Like many other musics with a primarily cyclic approach to melodic and rhythmic organization, Balinese gamelan music of the court or court-derived traditions relies upon on symmetries of one kind or another for structural coherence. Gamelan genres originating in other Balinese historical or cultural contexts have different, often more asymmetrical, kinds of organizing principles. In this article a set of Balinese concepts of melodic motion are used to develop a theory useful for analyzing the variety of symmetrical and asymmetrical structures evident across the repertoire. Recordings and analytical reductions (in Western notation) demonstrate how the concepts may be applied to a broad range of Balinese gamelan music. The aim is to view structural and compositional processes in standard practice, and also to show how structure correlates with historical trends and technological developments.
Tolling Time
Authors: Harrison Daniel
Published: February 2024

Five clock chimes (Parsifal, Guildford, Magdalen, Westminster, and Rochester) are analyzed to show how they communicate specific values about time. These chimes are shown to have two design elements, “distinctiveness” and “emergence,” that provide for particular kinds of temporal commentary.
Your Guitar, It Sounds So Sweet and Clear
Authors: Holm-Hudson Kevin
Published: February 2024

As the production of recorded popular music is often as important as its materials, studio arrangement and timbral processing are essential components in popular music analysis. A semiotic approach to popular music can therefore reveal aspects of its structure that may be overlooked by more traditional methodologies. Recent studies of popular music have implicitly drawn on semiotic concepts to varying degrees. On the other hand, the more explicitly semiotic work of scholars such as Agawu, Hatten, Nattiez, and Tarasti has concentrated on art-music repertoire. My semiotic interpretation of “Superstar,” considering versions by the Carpenters and Sonic Youth, draws upon Peirce’s conception of semiosis. The arrangements are analyzed using Nattiez’s tripartite conception of the musical work and Tagg’s taxonomy of musical gestures; mixing is also discussed, drawing upon the anthropomorphic and psychological implications of actoriality, after Tarasti. By comparing the two recordings, it will be shown that the listener’s interpretation of a song can be profoundly affected by timbre, sound processing, and mixing techniques.

Author’s Note: Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the annual meeting of the American Musicological Society, South Central chapter, Louisville, Kentucky, April 5, 2002; at the Experience Music Project “Crafting Sounds, Creating Meaning” conference, Seattle, Washington, April 13, 2002; and at the Music and Media workshop of the International Semiotics Institute annual symposium, Imatra, Finland, June 10, 2002. I would like to thank those who offered helpful suggestions at each of these conferences. I also wish to convey my deepest gratitude to Richard Littlefield (Central Michigan University), Candace Brower (Northwestern University), Daniel Levitin (McGill University), and the anonymous reviewers for Music Theory Online, all of whom helped immeasurably in shaping the final version.