bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODELO DE CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE PROCESSOS EROSIVOS LINEARES AO LONGO DE FERROVIAS ATRAVÉS DE ALGORITMO DE ÁRVORE DE DECISÃO E GEOTECNOLOGIAS
Authors: Souza Natália da Costa , Pitombo Cira , Cunha André Luiz , Larocca Ana Paula Camargo , de Almeida Filho Gerson Salviano
Published: April 2017

A análise da dinâmica de desenvolvimento de processos erosivos no entornos das ferrovias são requisitos da legislação ambiental vigente para o setor ferroviário. Em abordagens capazes de subsidiar processos de análise, monitoramento e controle de riscos ambientais, algoritmos de Árvore de Decisão (AD), associados à utilização de sistemas de informações geográficas (SIG) têm sido ferramentas amplamente utilizadas. Tais estudos geram procedimentos de predição de cenários, medidas de probabilidade ou classificações dos terrenos quanto ao grau de suscetibilidade ou vulnerabilidade das áreas para ocorrência dos mesmos. No entanto, pressupõe-se que agentes desencadeadores de processos erosivos podem apresentar características específicas que contribuem para a formação de processos erosivos de diferentes tipologias, padrões e gravidade. Estudos classificatórios baseados nos agentes desencadeadores e nas características dos processos ainda são raros na literatura. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é a combinação do uso de geotecnologias e AD para classificação dos processos erosivos lineares localizados na área de entorno da linha férrea Malha Paulista (SP). A análise procurou compreender como se comportam e agrupam os agentes desencadeadores de erosão em função do tipo de processo erosivo desenvolvido. Os resultados permitiram classificar a amostra de registros mapeados e identificar padrões que distinguem as tipologias de erosões lineares
WATERSHED SPATIAL DISCRETIZATION FOR THE ANALYSIS OF LAND USE CHANGE IN COASTAL REGIONS
Authors: Boulomytis Vassiliki Terezinha Galvão , Zuffo Antonio Carlos , Gireli Tiago Zenker
Published: April 2017

In this study, we present a methodology to discretize a non-assessed basin based on terrain analysis using the SRTM digital elevation model (DEM) and a high resolution surface model (DSM) with a drainage network semi-automatic extraction process. The Juqueriquerê River Basin was used for the case study, which has the most representative non-urbanized plains of the northern coastline of São Paulo State, Brazil. The low-lying region is featured by elevations close to the sea level, mild slopes, and shallow water tables. It is also influenced by tidal variation and orographic rains. Therefore, frequent flooding occurs, even in vegetated areas. Two conflicting land use scenarios, proposed by the City Master Plan (CMP) of Caraguatatuba and the Ecological-Economical Zoning (EEZ), were compared to analyze the flood vulnerability increase and geotechnical risk caused by the urbanization process. The drainage extraction techniques showed better results on high resolution DSM for low-lying regions than the SRTM DEM and determined with accuracy the locations of flood potentiality in the plains. The watershed spatial discretization allowed us to show the effects of the two different land use approaches, considering the flood vulnerability and geotechnical risk of each sub-basin
TOPOGRAFIA DE TÚNEIS COM LASER SCANNER TERRESTRE: ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Cintra Jorge Pimentel , Gonçales Rodrigo
Published: April 2017

Apresenta-se a aplicação da tecnologia Laser Scanner 3D terrestre ao levantamento do túnel de adutora, escavado em rocha. Depois de apresentar o local, é descrito o problema, que consiste no levantamento preciso do túnel para identificar e coletar dados para quantificar alterações na sua secção transversal com relação à secção prevista em projeto, para a posterior correção desses defeitos. São resumidos os principais métodos possíveis de levantamento, listando prós e contras de cada um. A seguir mostram-se os fundamentos dessa tecnologia de levantamento bem como a metodologia dos trabalhos de campo e de escritório, incluindo o cálculo das coordenadas dos pontos do túnel. Finaliza-se com o controle de qualidade e uma avaliação do método, indicando seus pontos fortes comparado com outras metodologias.
Isospora albicollis (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in thrushes Turdus spp. (Passeriformes: Turdidae), in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Pinho Irlane Faria de , Silva Lidiane Maria da , Rodrigues Mariana Borges , Oliveira Mariana de Souza , Lopes Bruno do Bomfim , Luz Hermes Ribeiro , Ferreira Ildemar , Lopes Carlos Wilson Gomes , Berto Bruno Pereira
Published: April 2017

Abstract The aim of the present study was to report and describe Isospora albicollis Lainson and Shaw, 1989 parasitizing a white-necked thrush Turdus albicollis Vieillot, 1818 and a pale-breasted thrush Turdus leucomelas Vieillot, 1818 in two different localities: the Itatiaia National Park and Cacaria, in southeastern Brazil. The oocysts identified were ovoidal, 24.4 × 19.7 μm, with a smooth, bilayered wall, around 1.4 μm thick. Oocyst residuum was absent, but a micropyle and a polar granule were present. The sporocysts were ellipsoidal, 15.4 × 10.1 μm. The Stieda body was knob-like to rounded and the sub-Stieda body was prominent and wide. Sporocyst residuum was present, usually as a cluster of granules that appear to be membrane-bounded. The sporozoites were vermiform with one posterior refractile body and a centrally located nucleus. Besides recording the new host T. leucomelas, the identification of I. albicollis in the Itatiaia National Park and Cacaria, in southeastern Brazil, provide records of new localities for its parasitism, and reveals the wide distribution and dispersion of this coccidium in Brazil.
Study of reinforcing properties of new antagonists of glutamate receptors
Authors: Potapkin Aleksandr M , Lebedev Andrei A , Gmiro Valerii E , Litasova Elena V , Brusina Mariya A , Piotrovskii Levon B , Shabanov Petr D
Published: April 2017

Reinforcing properties of antagonists of NMDA receptors IEM-1921, IEM-1791, IEM-2181 and the antagonist of AMPA receptors IEM 1460 were investigated. Substances have been synthesized in S.V. Anichkov Dept. of Neuropharmacology Institute of Experimental Medicine. Electrodes were implanted into the lateral hypothalamus for brain stimulation reward. Rats were trained to press a pedal in Skinner box for receiving electric stimulation of the brain. IEM-1921 in doses of 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg enhanced number of pedal pressing and reduced self-stimulation thresholds more than phencyclidine (in doses 1, 3, 10 mg/kg) and MK-801 (in dose 1 and 3 mg/kg). IEM-1460 in doses of 1, 3 and 5 mg/kg reduced the frequency of hypothalamic self-stimulation and enhanced it thresholds. Also we investigated the conditional reinforcing properties of antagonists of glutamate receptors in conditional place preference test (CPP). The antagonist of NMDA receptors IEM 1921 did not cause CPP. The antagonist of AMPA receptors IEM 1460 caused CPP in dose of 3 mg/kg. IEM 1791 didn’t cause CPP. At the same time IEM 2181, the IEM 1791 water-soluble salt, caused CPP. Thus, the antagonist of NMDA of receptors of IEM-1921 increases the reinforcing properties of self-stimulation in rats more than phencyclidine and MK-801.This substance can be used as means analyzer for studying of the reinforcing properties of drugs. Antagonist of NMDA receptors IEM 2181cause CPP and has the conditional reinforcing properties. It is interesting that the antagonists of AMPA receptors IEM 1460 partially cause CPP, but reduced the reinforcing properties of self-stimulation.
Transport of heat through the skin
Authors: Luchakov Yury I , Shabanov Petr D
Published: April 2017

The transport of heat through the skin of the human body has been investigated in the paper. The analysis of cytoarchiterture of this region was done, a model of vascular stream of the skin was built where the transient microregion typical for its different tissues was separated. A mathematical model taking part both convective and conductive heat transport was reproduced for this microregion. There was no heat transfer through the blood but only conductive heat transport was shown to be in the superficial skin tissue strates having blood current. In the norm, there was convective heat transport preferably in the deeper skin strates of the hypoderm where arterials and veins of more than 100 and 300 um in diameter were lying. The organism was revealed to able to increase or decrease the skin region where there was only convective or conductive heat transport by means of changing the blood stream. Therefore, the organism is able to change the size of peripheral tissue where there is only convective or only conductive heat transfer according to physiological necessity.
Nonparametric graduation techniques as a common framework for the description of demographic patterns
Authors: Kostaki Anastasia , Moguerza Javier M. , Olivares Alberto , Psarakis Stelios
Published: April 2017

The graduation of age-specific demographic rates is a subject of special interest in many dis-ciplines as demography, biostatistics, actuarial practice, and social planning. For estimating the unknown age-specific probabilities of the various demographic phenomena, some graduation technique must be applied to the corresponding empirical rates, under the assumption that the true probabilities follow a smooth pattern through age. The classical way for graduating demographic rates is parametric modelling. However, for graduation purposes, nonparametric techniques can also be adapted. This work provides an adaptation, and an evaluation of kernels and Support Vector Machines (SVM) in the context of graduation of demographic rates.                
“I came by the bicycle so we can avoid the police”: factors shaping reproductive health decision-making on the Thailand-Burma border
Authors: Gedeon Jillian , Hsue Saw Nanda , Foster Angel M
Published: April 2017

For over half a century, political conflict combined with an overall lack of economic develop-ment has resulted in the displacement of millions of people both within Eastern Burma and to neighbour-ing Thailand. Given the overarching context, in conflict-affected regions of Burma, women face tremend-ous challenges in trying to obtain high quality, comprehensive reproductive health services. Drawing from interviews we conducted in Tak province, Thailand with 31 migrant and refugee women from Burma, this article explores women’s lived experiences along the border and focuses on the ways that complex, overlapping barriers impact women’s reproductive health decision-making at different points in their reproductive lives. Our results show that reproductive experiences are highly dependent on the woman’s place of living mixed with her legal status and financial resources. Combined with socio-cultural taboos and externalized and internalized stigma, these dynamics blend to place constraints on women’s autonomy and self-actualization. The way in which women’s experiences are shaped by these barriers offers insights into priorities for education and programming to help improve reproductive health services in this protracted conflict setting.     
Dietary intake knowledge and reasons for food restriction during pregnancy among pregnant women attending primary health care centers in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Oluleke Mattew O. , Ogunwale Akintayo O. , Arulogun Oyedunni S. , Adelekan Ademola L.
Published: April 2017

The study investigated dietary intake knowledge and reasons for food restriction during preg-nancy among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. This cross-sectional survey involved 530 pregnant women visiting 35 primary health care (PHC) centers in Ile-Ife. Interview-er-administered questionnaire used to collect data included a 30-point knowledge scale and food restric-tion related questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square at P = 0.05. Mean age was 27.0 ± 5.3 years, 44.5% had tertiary education and 11.1% earned above ₦50,000 monthly (ap-proximately US$315). Mean knowledge score was 23.6 ± 4.2 and 75.5% had good knowledge. Higher education was significantly associated with good knowledge of dietary intake. Reasons for food restric-tion during pregnancy included cultural taboos (36.5%) and religious beliefs (12.1%). Major foods that were restricted or avoided for cultural reasons were protein and vitamin-rich foods such as snail (97.5%) and walnut (84.0%). Foods avoided based on religious beliefs included pork (87.4%) and dog (76.9%). A higher proportion (94.8%) of respondents who earn more than ₦50,000 avoided foods due to cultural taboos (94.8%) compared with those without monthly income (58.3%) (P≤0.05). The proportions of respondents who avoided foods due to cultural taboos with no formal, primary, secondary, and tertiary education were 95.5%, 93.8%, 79.8%, and 86.4% respectively (P≤0.05). Overall, respondents were knowledgeable about dietary intake. However, cultural taboos and religious beliefs were major reasons for food restriction among pregnant women and were more pronounced among women with low educa-tion and low monthly income. Nutrition education interventions are needed to address the phenomenon.                
Utilization of maternal and child health care services in North and South India: does spousal violence matter?
Authors: Sinha Atreyee , Chattopadhyay Aparajita
Published: April 2017

Spousal violence emerged as a major public health concern over the past few decades as its consequences on the health of victims are profound. Infliction of violence during pregnancy is even more detrimental as it might cause serious injuries to women and their unborn children. Violence during pregnancy can restrict access to proper health care and affect the health of mother and child. However, the role of spousal violence on utilization of pregnancy care services is not well explored in India where both fertility and spousal violence are high. In the present study, we used data of selected North and South Indian states from the National Family Health Survey (2005–2006) to examine the relationship between experience of spousal violence by young married women and utilization of maternal and child health care services. A marked regional variation was observed in MCH care utilization and levels of violence, where the South Indian states performed better than the North. Spousal violence was a significant factor determining MCH care use. Women who had experienced any form of physical/sexual violence were less likely to receive full ante natal care than non-abused women and the association was stronger in the South. Women experiencing any physical/sexual violence were also less likely to avail institutional delivery in the North. Emotional violence had similar constraining effects on MCH care use in the South. Integration of violence screening and counselling with MCH programs could be helpful to address the needs of abused pregnant women and provide essential care.
Infant mortality differentials among the tribal and non-tribal populations of Central and Eastern India
Authors: Ranjan Mukesh , Dwivedi Laxmi Kant , Mishra Rahul , Sharma Brajesh
Published: April 2017

Higher infant mortality among tribal populations in India is well-documented. However, it is rare to compare factors associated with infant mortality in tribal populations with those in non-tribal populations. In the present paper, Cox proportional hazards models were employed to examine factors influencing infant mortality in tribal and non-tribal populations in the Central and Eastern Indian states using data from the District Level Household Survey-III in 2007-2008. Characteristics of mothers, infants, and households/communities plus a program variable reflecting the place of pregnancy registration were included in the analyses. We found that the gap in infant mortality between tribal and non-tribal populations was substantial in the early months after birth, narrowed between the fourth and eighth months, and enlarged mildly afterwards. Cox regression models show that while some factors were similarly associated with infant mortality in tribes and non-tribes, distinctive differences between tribal and non-tribal populations were striking. Sex of infants, breastfeeding with colostrum, and age of mother at birth acted similarly between tribes and non-tribes, yet factors such as state of residence, wealth, religion, place of residence, mother’s education, and birth order behaved differently. The program factor was non-significant in both tribal and non-tribal populations.                
Transition in risks of higher order births in Nepal: a life table analysis
Authors: Kafle Ramesh Babu
Published: April 2017

This paper examines declining fertility in a low development setting. Specifically, this paper analyzes transitions in age at first birth and of the length of birth intervals, the variations of the length of birth intervals by selected socioeconomic and demographic factors, and the determinants of the risk of higher order birth in Nepal by using the DHS data. There is very little change in the age at start of fertility schedule but the proportion of women progressing to the next higher order birth from the second, third and fourth births has declined over time. Increases in the median length of higher order birth intervals and decline in the ultimate proportions of women attaining higher order births drive declines in the pace of childbearing and overall fertility level. Controlling for other factors, higher order births are more likely among women who had given a previous birth before the survey period or women who had a female birth compared to women who did not have such births. Significantly, lower hazard ratio of the second birth is observed among women who are more educated, working in non-agriculture sector, from well-to-do households, with higher age at first birth, and whose first child survived during infancy.
Analysis of contribution of protein phosphorylation in the development of the diseases
Authors: Zavialova M.G. , Zgoda V.G. , Nikolaev E.N.
Published: April 2017

In recent decades, studies in the molecular origins of socially significant diseases have made a big step forward with the development and using of high-performance methods in genomics and proteomics. Numerous studies in the framework of the global program “Human Proteome” were aimed at the identification of all possible proteins in various cell cultures and tissues, including cancer. One of the objectives was to identify biomarkers - proteins with high specificity to certain pathologies. However, in many cases, it is shown that the development of the disease is not associated with the appearance of new proteins, but depends on the level of gene expression or forming of proteoforms - splice variants, single amino acid substitutions (SAP variants), and post-translational modifications (PTM) of proteins. PTM may play a key role in the development of pathology because they activate a variety of regulatory or structural proteins in the majority of cell physiological processes. Phosphorylation is among the most significant of these protein modifications.This review will describe methods for analysis of protein phosphorylation used in the studies of such diseases as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as examples of cases when the modified proteins are involved directly to their development, and screening such significant PTM is used for the diagnosis and choice of treatment.
PCR analysis of the absolute number of copies of human chromosome 18 transcripts in liver and HepG2 cells
Authors: Kiseleva Y.Y. , Ptitsyn K.G. , Tikhonova O.V. , Radko S.P. , Kurbatov LK. , Vakhrushev I.V. , Zgoda V.G. , Ponomarenko E.A. , Lisitsa A.V. , Archakov A.I.
Published: April 2017

Using reverse transcription in conjunction with the quantitative real-time PCR or digital droplet PCR, the transcriptome profiling of human chromosome 18 has been carried out in liver hepatocytes and hepatoblastoma cells (HepG2 cell line) in terms of the absolute number of each transcript per cell. The transcript abundance varies within the range of 0.006 to 9635 and 0.011 to 4819 copies per cell for HepG2 cell line and hepatocytes, respectively. The expression profiles for genes of chromosome 18 in hepatocytes and HepG2 cells were found to significantly correlate: the Spearman's correlation coefficient was equal to 0.81. The distribution of frequency of transcripts over their abundance was bimodal for HepG2 cells and unimodal for liver hepatocytes. Bioinformatic analysis of the differential gene expression has revealed that genes of chromosome 18, overexpressed in HepG2 cells compared to hepatocytes, are associated with cell division and cell adhesion processes. It is assumed that the enhanced expression of those genes in HepG2 cells is related to the proliferation activity of cultured cells. The differences in transcriptome profiles have to be taken into account when modelling liver hepatocytes with cultured HepG2 cells.
Assessment of donor return following temporary deferral in camp as well as in-house donors) in a blood bank attached to tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mulla Faruq Ibrahimbhai , Inaniya Kailash Sukhram
Published: April 2017

Background: In India, about 60% of donation is through voluntary blood donors. However, about one third already motivated blood donors are deferred due to stringent screening criteria, either temporarily or permanently. The temporarily deferred donors could be a good source of blood donation after deferral period. The objective of this study was to know the main causes of pre-donation deferral in potentially healthy prospective blood donors, to investigate impact of deferral on donation pattern and to evaluate impact of post deferral counseling on donation pattern.Methods: The present study is carried out in A. D. Gorwala blood bank in Anand, Gujarat from April 2014 to September 2015. All donors screened as per the guideline and deferred donors are categorized as temporary and permanently deferred donors. A Comparison group of healthy eligible donors who donate blood at ADGBB is also studied to determine impact of deferral on donation pattern. From temporarily deferred donors, reason for deferral is considered. At the time of deferral, donors properly counseled, clearly informed about the reason of deferral and corrective actions are taken. As per reason of deferral, time duration for recalling the donor is defined. Based on this, donor is called back to donate again for up to six month’s period after expiration of deferral period.Results: Total 12.57% donors were deferred temporarily. Significant female preponderance was observed (58.7% vs 8.90%). Low hemoglobin (60.9%) was the most common reason of temporary deferral followed by abnormal BP and medicine ingestion. Total 378 donors were responded back out of 953 of deferred donors compare to 645 in non-deferred group. Middle age, male, repeat donors, in-house donors, high education, high socio-economic status, shorter duration of deferral appears to significantly predict donor return. In the evaluation of reasons of the re-deferral, Low hemoglobin was the prime reason. Unfavourable location, lack of time and change in job/college are major barrier to donor return. Total 39.60% response observed after post deferral counseling in present study compared to 11.20% in year 2013-2014.Conclusions: Efforts to increase the hemoglobin will improve the donor retention and overall blood safety can be increased. Temporary deferral has negative impact on donor return and duration of response after expiration of deferral, both in first time and repeat donors. Interventions to increase return behavior need to be better targeted at specific donor groups and it should be developed according to major barriers to donor return prevalent in particular region mainly through more effective communication with donors. Education, motivation, post deferral counseling.
Electroencephalogram and first episode afebrile seizure in children
Authors: Ghosh Aniruddha , Mukhopadhyay Maya , Mukhopadhyay Swapan
Published: April 2017

Electroencephalogram has long been an integral part of evaluation of a child with first episode of afebrile seizure. Several studies have backed up its routine use in pediatric neurology till date and management guidelines also have adopted it. But as evidences are accumulating, it has been shown that some researchers are opining against its routine use due to reasons like need for sedation in uncooperative smaller children, inter-observer variability, abnormal tracings found in normal children, normal tracings observed in epileptic children etc. In this article authors have tried to discuss evidences showing different aspects of the debates in support and against the use of electroencephalogram in first afebrile seizure episode in children.
Effect of dexmedetomidine as adjuvant in supraclavicular block for upper limb orthopedic surgeries
Authors: Modh Dixitkumar B. , Parmar Manthan , Solanki Shilpin
Published: April 2017

Background: Dexmedetomidine has anxiolytic, sedative, hypnosis, analgesic, antisialogogue and sympatholytic properties which render it suitable as an adjuvant. Hence this study was aimed to prove its efficacy as an adjuvant to lignocaine and bupivacaine for supraclavicular block in patients undergoing orthopedic upper limb surgeries. Other objectives of the study were to evaluate and compare the onset and duration of sensory and motor block as well as total analgesia, to compare effect on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters and to study any adverse effect associated with dexmedetomidine as adjuvant.Methods: Sixty patients of ASA physical status class I & II of elective upper limb forearm orthopedic surgeries were selected in our study. Patients in group NS (n=30) received 10 ml lignocaine 2% + 20 ml bupivacaine 0.5% + 1 ml normal saline for supraclavicular block and group D (n=30) received 10 ml lignocaine 2% + 20 ml bupivacaine 0.5% + 1 µg/kg of Dexmedetomidine for the same block. The onset and duration of sensory and motor block, total duration of analgesia, need of rescue analgesic postoperatively, postoperative VAS score was assessed and compared between the two groups.Results: Demographic data and surgical characteristics are comparable in both the groups. The onset of sensory and motor block was significantly lower (p <0.05) in group D than in group NS. The duration of sensory and motor block was significantly higher (p <0.01) in group D when compared to group NS. The duration of analgesic requirement postoperatively was significantly higher (p <0.01) in group D than group NS. No significant change in observations was made for hemodynamic parameters in both the groups.Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine can be considered as an adjuvant to lignocaine and bupivacaine mixture for excellent quality supraclavicular block without any side effects and provide good sedation in patients undergoing orthopedic upper limb surgeries.
Study of association of age and BMI with knee osteoarthritis among females in age group of 40 to 60 years in urban population of Kadapa town
Authors: Tondare Devidas , Kumbhar Suresh , Kishore K. J. , Khadervali N.
Published: April 2017

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a significant problem in ageing population as females are more prone for the disease compare to males. Increase in life expectancy has made ageing worldwide phenomenon including developing countries. Risk factors related to the knee osteoarthritis may be multiple but female sex, age and obesity are more common in any region of country and world. The aim and objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis among females in age group of 40 to 60 years and see the effect of age and weight of patient on knee osteoarthritis.Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted at field practice area of Community Medicine Department in Kadapa town among females in age group of 40 to 60 years. Total 150 females participated in the study from the urban health training centre area in one month (November-December 2011) and study was conducted with personal interviews of participants in preformed questionnaire after obtaining the consent. Results: 150 participants were enrolled in the study, in age group of 40 to 50 years 76 (50.67%) and 50 to 60 years 74 (49.33%). Total 63 (42%) participants were affected with knee osteoarthritis. Among them 25 (32.89%) participants were in the age group of 40-50 years and 38 (51.35%) in the age group of 50 to 60 years which is significantly more. As per BMI participant with BMI >25 were significantly more affected 29 (63.04%) compared with participants with normal BMI, 17 (33.33%). Conclusions: Knee osteoarthritis is significantly associated with advanced age and obesity.
O índice de condições de vida (ICV): construindo metodologias de análise e avaliação de dinâmicas territoriais do desenvolvimento rural
Authors: G. Rambo Anelise , Bastian Lillian , A. Conterato Marcelo , Casaril Jardel , F. Del Ré Megui , A. Gomes Carla , F. O. Radünz Amanda , Schneider Sergio
Published: April 2017

Este artigo apresenta o Índice de Condições de Vida (ICV), uma metodologia que possibilita a representação das mudanças percebidas pelo público-alvo das ações que vêm sendo implementadas nos territórios rurais. O foco deste instrumento está na percepção que osindivíduos têm sobre suas condições de vida. É baseado na Abordagem das Capacitações de Amartya Sen e pretende captar não apenas os meios, mas também os fins do desenvolvimento. O instrumento foi aplicado em 37 territórios rurais do Brasil. Os resultados aqui apresentados se referem ao TerritórioRural Zona Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, no qual foram realizadas entrevistas em 10 setores censitários rurais, de 09 municípios,totalizando280 famíliaspesquisadas entre outubro e dezembro de 2010.O referido território apresenta um ICV de 0,585, correspondente a um nível médio de condições de vida. A percepção dos entrevistados acerca dos efeitos do desenvolvimento são melhores (0,644) em relação às características e aos fatores que o desencadeiam (0,576 e 0,544, respectivamente). Isso indica que, segundo a percepção das famílias,embora os meios não sejam os mais apropriados, estas mobilizam um arcabouço de ações que tornam os fins do desenvolvimento mais próximos do que almejam. Enfim, os resultados da primeira aplicação do instrumento do ICV demonstram que esta metodologia instrumentaliza a Abordagem das Capacitações de Amartya Sen e possibilita captar uma diversidade de percepções em determinado momento, as quais podem ser comparadas com um momento posterior, a partir do qual torna-se possível buscar explicações para a complexidade e diversidade das realidades territoriais.
Investimento Estrangeiro Direto (IED) e meio ambiente: da literatura recente às oportunidades para a sustentabilidade
Authors: Silva Paixão Márcia Cristina , Madeira Nogueira Jorge
Published: April 2017

O trabalho apresenta uma resenha de literatura sobre a relação entre investimento estrangeiro direto (IED) e meio ambiente. O debate mais recente se estabelece em torno de dois pontos: o papel do IED como instrumento de modernização e crescimento estável no longo prazo e seus possíveis efeitos ambientais devido à frequente relação com atividades causadoras de impactos relevantes. Uma amostra de trabalhos publicados na primeira década do corrente século revelou um claro movimento de pesquisa voltado para a natureza dependente do contexto (context-dependent) dos efeitos ambientais do IED.
Políticas públicas de apoio à agricultura e aos circuitos curtos de comercialização na região Midi-Pyrénées (França) e o Projeto de Microbacias II, no estado de São Paulo (Brasil)
Authors: Dos Santos Pedro Vania Cristina
Published: April 2017

O objetivo principal do artigo é apresentar os resultados obtidos a partir de estágio de pesquisa realizado no Sul da França. Na pesquisa do Brasil estudamos o Projeto de Microbacias II, nos municípios de Pratânia e Pardinho, localizados no estado de São Paulo. A partir da experiência francesa, pretendemos indicar algumas proposições de novos canais de comercialização como os circuitos curtos de proximidade, por considerar essas formas de troca mais adequadas da agricultura familiar. Tomamos como referência empírica a área rural do Departamento Haute-Garonne na região dos Médios-Pirineus.
Cesárea por solicitud materna (CPSM)
Authors: Fonseca-Pérez Javier E.
Published: April 2017

La cesárea es el procedimiento quirúrgico más frecuentemente realizado en mujeres, y su objetivo es disminuir la morbimortalidad materna-perinatal. Históricamente, las indicaciones han sido diversas; antes del siglo XVI, y por influencia religiosa, era obligatorio realizarla en toda mujer que falleciera antes del parto para enterrar los cuerpos de la madre y el bebé por separado. Posteriormente, en la antigua Roma, la Lex Caesarea contemplaba que a una mujer que muriese en el embarazo se le debía realizar esta cirugía con el fin de salvar la vida del feto (1). Es solo hasta el siglo XVI que se conoce dato de la primera mujer que sobrevivió a una cesárea y, desde entonces, las indicaciones habían estado reservadas a casos en que se presumía que el parto vaginal era arriesgado para la madre o el feto, con un aumento en su frecuencia asociado a la seguridad de los procedimientos quirúrgicos, las técnicas anestésicas y los cambios culturales tanto de los médicos como de las mujeres (2). Recientemente, se ha incorporado el concepto de cesárea por solicitud materna (CPSM), la cual se presume debe ser debidamente informada respecto a los beneficios y riesgos materno-fetales a corto y a largo plazo.
Comparing prediction algorithms in disorganized data
Authors: Arican Erkut , Karahoca Adem
Published: April 2017

Real estate market is very effective in todayâ€™s world but finding best price for house is a big problem. This problem creates a propose of this work. In this study, we try to compare and find best prediction algorithms on disorganized house data. Dataset was collected from real estate websites and three different regions selected for this experiment. KNN, KSTAR, Simple Linear Regression, Linear Regression, RBFNetwork and Decision Stump algorithms were used. This study shows us KStar and KNN algorithms are better than the other prediction algorithms for disorganized data.Keywords: KNN, simple linear regression, rbfnetwork, disorganized data, bfnetwork.
Osteossíntese no Tratamento Cirúrgico dos Prognatismos: Estado da Arte
Authors: Durão Nuno , Amarante José
Published: April 2017

Introdução: O prognatismo é uma alteração esquelética facial comum, associada a má-oclusão de classe III, por vezes repercutindose na qualidade de vida. Juntamente com tratamento ortodôntico, a osteotomia sagital de ramo da mandíbula é a técnica mais usada para a sua correção, sendo a osteossíntese dos segmentos um elemento importante do resultado pós-cirúrgico.Material e Métodos: Foi pesquisada literatura na base de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, juntamente com consulta de outras fontes de informação.Resultados: Os temas mais estudados envolvem a estabilidade de vários métodos de osteossíntese, as repercussões destes nas lesões do nervo alveolar inferior e posicionamento condilar, e também o tipo de material.Discussão: São descritos estudos recentes sobre o tipo de osteossíntese na osteotomia sagital de ramo para recuo mandibular.Conclusão: As miniplacas parecem ser mais vantajosas para a fixação da osteotomia sagital de ramo para recuo mandibular. Os materiais bioabsorvíveis aparentam ser uma alternativa aceitável ao titânio convencional.
Penfigoide Bolhoso Tratado com Sucesso com Rituximab
Authors: Silva Nuno , Costa Andreia , Salvador Fernando , Serradeiro Elisa
Published: April 2017

O penfigoide bolhoso é uma doença autoimune caracterizada pela formação de bolhas subepidérmicas. Pode ser autolimitada mas quando necessário o tratamento passa pelo uso de corticoides, imunossupressores, e em última linha agentes biológicos. Apresenta-se o caso de um doente de 37 anos com penfigoide bolhoso com uma forma de apresentação grave e refratária. Após cerca de um mês de tratamento com vários fármacos de primeira linha, por ausência de resposta, optou-se por iniciar rituximab com franca melhoria das lesões. Os autores pretendem realçar a utilidade e eficácia deste fármaco nesta patologia.
Tuberculose Multirresistente por Estirpes da Família Beijing, em Doentes de Lisboa, Portugal: Estudo Preliminar
Authors: Maltez Fernando , Martins Teresa , Póvoas Diana , Cabo João , Peres Helena , Antunes Francisco , Perdigão João , Portugal Isabel
Published: April 2017

Introdução: As estirpes de Mycobacterium tuberculosis da família Beijing estão associadas à multirresistência. As estirpes da família Lisboa prevalecem entre os doentes com tuberculose multirresistente e extensivamente resistente desta região, mas vários estudos documentam  a presença da família Beijing, embora desconhecendo-se as características dos doentes donde foram isoladas.Material e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 104 estirpes multirresistentes e extensivamente resistentes de Mycobacterium tuberculosis, isoladas e genotipadas, de 1993 a 2015, de igual número de doentes de Lisboa. Avaliámos a prevalência de ambas as famílias de estirpes e as características epidemiológicas e clínicas, dos infectados por estirpes Beijing.Resultados: Setenta e quatro estirpes (71,2%) pertenciam à família Lisboa, 25 (24,0%) apresentavam padrão genotípico único e cinco (4,8%) pertenciam à família Beijing, estas identificadas depois de 2009. Os infectados pela estirpe Beijing eram de nacionalidade angolana (n = 1), ucraniana (n = 2) e portuguesa (n = 2), na maioria jovens, quatro em cinco imunocompetentes e sem história de tuberculose anterior. Todos tinham tuberculose multirresistente. Não detectámos apresentações clínicas ou radiológicas diferenciadoras, nem padrão de resistências predominante. A taxa de cura foi alta (quatro doentes).Discussão: Apesar do número de doentes infectados pela estirpe Beijing ser reduzido, sugere proporção importante de tuberculose primária, potencial de transmissão na comunidade, mas, também, melhor evolução clínica do que a descrita para outras estirpes, como a W-Beijing ou a Lisboa.Conclusão: Apesar das estirpes da família Lisboa serem as principais responsáveis pelos casos de tuberculose multirresistente e extensivamente resistente na região de Lisboa, as estirpes Beijing transmitem-se na cidade e poderão modificar as características locais da epidemia.
Relevância dos Índices Ómega-3 e Razão Ómega-6 / Ómega-3 na Prevenção do Défice Cognitivo
Authors: Nunes Belina , Pinho Cristina , Sousa Cláudia , Melo Alan Rocha , Bandarra Narcisa , Silva Maria Carolina
Published: April 2017

Introdução: A relevância epidemiológica e social da demência e do défice cognitivo ligeiro aumenta com a esperança de vida e prevalência das doenças metabólicas. O reconhecimento da importância dos nutrientes no funcionamento cognitivo perspectiva novas estratégias preventivas. Neste trabalho analisamos a associação entre os valores do índice ómega-3 e da razão ómega-6 / ómega-3 e desempenho cognitivo/ défice cognitivo ligeiro.Material e Métodos: Selecionamos uma amostra aleatória de utentes de um centro de saúde com idade ≥ 55 anos, que foram inquiridos sobre hábitos alimentares e sujeitos a avaliação neuropsicológica, incluindo o Montreal Cognitive Assessment, e determinando-se os índices indicados.Resultados: Os 90 participantes tinham em média 64 anos (dp = 5,6), 71,1% quatro anos de escolaridade e 40% mais de um factor de risco vascular. Os limites dos valores de ómega-3 e da razão ómega-6 / ómega-3 foram respectivamente 2,90 - 9,79 (média = 6,20; dp = 1,50) e 1,14 - 2,95 (média = 2,12; dp = 0,39). A pontuação no Montreal Cognitive Assessment variou entre 10 - 29 (média = 22,0; dp = 4,5), aumentando em média 1 - 2 pontos para valores de ómega-3 acima da média e uma razão ómega-6 / ómega-3 ≤ 2 (Grupo 1) e diminuindo 5 - 6 pontos para um valor de ómega-3 abaixo da média e a mesma razão ómega-6 / ómega-3 (Grupo 2). A prevalência de défice cognitivo ligeiro foi 25,6% (IC 95%:16,4 - 34,7%), variando entre 12,5% e 83,3% nos dois grupos mencionados.Discussão: Este estudo preliminar é um dos primeiros a analisar a repercussão do índice ómega-3 e da razão ómega-6 / ómega-3 na função cognitiva, considerando adicionalmente o perfil clínico e consumo alimentar dos participantes.Conclusão: A associação encontrada sugere que o índice ómega-3 e a razão ómega-6 / ómega-3 podem ser biomarcadores importantes na prevenção da deterioração cognitiva.
Cataratas em Idade Pediátrica: Estudo Retrospetivo de 12 Anos (2004 - 2016)
Authors: Moreira Jorge , Ribeiro Isabel , Mota Ágata , Gonçalves Rita , Coelho Pedro , Maio Tiago , Tenedório Paula
Published: April 2017

Introdução: As cataratas são consideradas uma das principais causas de cegueira evitável em idade pediátrica. O prognóstico visual destas crianças depende de uma abordagem terapêutica atempada, sendo fundamental o conhecimento da sua epidemiologia para a implementação de programas de prevenção primária e diagnóstico precoce das cataratas.Material e Métodos: Analisámos os processos clínicos de doentes com cataratas diagnosticadas em idade pediátrica, nos últimos 12 anos, no Hospital Pedro Hispano, Porto.Resultados: Foram diagnosticados 42 casos de cataratas pediátricas, com igual distribuição em ambos os géneros. A média etária no momento do diagnóstico foi de seis anos e em 64,3% das crianças, as cataratas eram bilaterais. A manifestação clínica mais comum foi a diminuição da acuidade visual (36,8%) seguida pela leucocória (26,3%). A etiologia idiopática foi a mais frequente (59,5%), e houve predomínio das cataratas do tipo nuclear (32,5%). As cataratas associaram-se a doenças sistémicas em 23,8% dos casos e a outras anomalias oculares em 33,3% das crianças. Relativamente ao tratamento, 47,6% das crianças foram submetidas a cirurgia. As complicações pós-operatórias registaram-se em 35% das crianças, sendo a opacificação da cápsula posterior a mais comum (25%).Discussão: A descrição de 42 casos reflete, provavelmente, a baixa prevalência das cataratas nesta idade. Apesar das limitações inerentes a uma amostra pequena, o perfil epidemiológico das cataratas pediátricas, neste hospital, apresenta características similares às descritas na literatura.Conclusão: O elevado número de cataratas de etiologia idiopática observado a nível global e neste estudo, em particular, constitui um desafio ao planeamento de estratégias de prevenção.
Apresentação
Authors: Mori Angel Corbera Humberto
Published: April 2017

LIAMES – LÍNGUAS INDÍGENAS AMERICANAS é uma revista especializada em línguas ameríndias, editada sob os auspícios do Departamento de Linguística, no Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem, da Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP. Esta publicação agrega, a um só tempo, o interesse científico no conhecimento, análise e estudo comparativo de um grande conjunto de línguas naturais, faladas pelas sociedades indígenas das Américas, e um compromisso de respeito e defesa dessas sociedades, suas culturas e seus direitos. LIAMES é um periódico voltado às línguas indígenas faladas nas três Américas, com especial interesse em contribuir para uma maior integração dos pesquisadores da América do Sul.
A descriptive analysis of Castellano loanwords into Muylaq' Aymara
Authors: Coler Matt , Banegas Flores Edwin
Published: April 2017

Este artículo explora la adaptación morfológica y semántica de los préstamos del español regional andino (Castellano) atestiguada en Muylaq’ Aymara (una variedad de Aymara hablada en el altiplano andino del Perú). En muchos casos, la adopción de préstamos lingüísticos implica cambios semánticos de un tipo para otra, ya sea una expansión del significado, una restricción o un tipo de cambio total. Incluso en los casos en que el préstamo lingüístico siga manteniendo el mismo significado básico como en castellano, reinterpretaciones interesantes abundan, como cuando un préstamo lingüístico cambia la categoría gramatical, o el plural o el género gramatical es reanalizado. Así, este artículo explora todos estos casos, presentando ejemplos ilustrativos elicitados directamente en trabajo de campo de los autores.
Los generolectos del mojeño
Authors: Rose Francoise
Published: April 2017

Este artículo describe las diferencias gramaticales exclusivas entre el habla de las mujeres y de los hombres en mojeño, una lengua arawak hablada en las tierras bajas de Bolivia. Los generolectos del mojeño difieren exclusivamente en las formas pronominales de 3ª persona masculina singular (pronombres independientes, afijos, demostrativos y artículos) y en algunas interjecciones. Esto forma un sistema obligatorio que remite sistemáticamente al género del hablante. Es usado muy frecuentemente y sirve, cuando es usado en citas, como una función de rastreo de los referentes indicando el género del hablante original. El artículo concluye con una discusión acerca de la diacronía del sistema: aunque este ha sido estable durante varios siglos, es una innovación dentro de la familia arawak. Algunas hipótesis de origen inducido por el contacto entre lenguas son examinadas. En resumen, el sistema de generolectos del mojeño es muy característico entre los sistemas raros de generolectos atestiguados en el mundo, con la excepción de que este podría ser el sistema estable más antiguo atestiguado hasta ahora.
ALVES, Ana Carolina Ferreira (2010). Phonological Aspects of Arara (Carib, Brazil). Tesis de Maestría en Lingüística General. Nimega, Holanda: Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 43 Pp. Orientadores: Profesores Sérgio Meira y Carlos Gussenhoven.
Authors: Díaz Romero Camilo Enrique
Published: April 2017

La tesis denominada Phonological Aspects of Arara (Carib, Brazil) nos presenta una descripción sintética de la fonología segmental y suprasegmental de una lengua de la familia Caribe que se habla en el Norte de Brasil (estado de Pará) y ha sido poco documentada: el arara. El documento se conforma de 7 partes: Introducción, Inventario de consonantes del arara, Inventario de vocales del arara, Acento léxico, Estructura de las sílabas, Alomorfos del prefijo de primera persona plural y Conclusión...
Tenselessness in South American indigenous languages with focus on Ayoreo (Zamuco)
Authors: Bertinetto Pier Marco
Published: April 2017

Después de definir el concepto de tenselessness ‘atemporalidad’, este artículo presenta argumentos para tratar el ayoreo (con morfología verbal altamente pobre) como una lengua extrema que carece de marcadores de tiempo. Además del modo, que se manifiesta concretamente por la oposición realis vs. irrealis, todos los posibles candidatos como exponentes temporal-aspectuales resultan, a luz de una inspección más acurada, en no más que elementos adverbiales. Sin embargo, el dialecto tomaraho, un cognado de la lengua chamacoco estaría al borde de gramaticalizar un morfema temporal. Luego después, se compara el ayoreo con otras lenguas indígenas de América del Sur que han sido caracterizadas como carentes de tiempo gramatical (Mueller 2013), sugiriendo que esas lenguas presentan diversos grados de tenselessness, pero sin llegar al nivel de atemporalalidad extrema que el ayoreo.
FLECK, David W. (2013). Panoan language and linguistics. Anthropological papers of the American Museum of National History 99. Pp. 112. ISSN. 0065-9452.
Authors: Barbosa Raphael
Published: April 2017

Resenha do livro "Panoan language and linguistics", que apresenta um amplo panorama linguístico, histórico e cultural a respeito do conhecimento produzido sobre as línguas da família Pano.