bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Assessment of Olive Mill Solid Waste Valorization via Anaerobic Digestion Versus Olive Pomace Oil Extraction
Authors: Alonso-Fariñas Bernabé , Oliva Armando , Rodríguez-Galán Mónica , Esposito Giovanni , García-Martín Juan Francisco , Rodríguez-Gutiérrez Guillermo , Serrano Antonio , Fermoso Fernando G.
Published: May 2020

Anaerobic digestion is a promising alternative to valorize agrifood wastes, which is gaining interest under an environmental sustainability overview. The present research aimed to compare anaerobic digestion with olive pomace oil extraction, by using life cycle assessment, as alternatives for the valorization of the olive mill solid waste generated in the centrifugation process with a two-outlet decanter from oil mills. In the case of olive pomace oil extraction, two cases were defined depending on the type of fuel used for drying the wet pomace before the extraction: natural gas or a fraction of the generated extracted pomace. The anaerobic digestion alternative consisted of the production of biogas from the olive mill solid waste, heat and electricity cogeneration by the combustion of the generated biogas, and composting of the anaerobic digestate. The life cycle assessment showed that anaerobic digestion was the best alternative, with a global environmental impact reduction of 88.1 and 85.9% respect to crude olive pomace oil extraction using natural gas and extracted pomace, respectively, as fuel.
Spark Plasma Sintering of Cobalt Powders in Conjunction with High Energy Mechanical Treatment and Nanomodification
Authors: Nguyen Van Minh , Khanna Rita , Konyukhov Yuri , Nguyen Tien Hiep , Burmistrov Igor , Levina Vera , Golov Ilya , Karunakaran Gopalu
Published: May 2020

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) investigations were carried out on three sets of Co specimens: untreated, high energy mechanically (HEMT) pre-treated, and nanomodified powders. The microstructure, density, and mechanical properties of sintered pellets were investigated as a function of various pre-treatments and sintering temperatures (700–1000 °C). Fine-grained sinters were obtained for pre-treated Co powders; nano-additives tended to inhibit grain growth by reinforcing particles at grain boundaries and limiting grain-boundary movement. High degree of compaction was also achieved with relative densities of sintered Co pellets ranging between 95.2% and 99.6%. A direct co-relation was observed between the mechanical properties and densities of sintered Co pellets. For a comparable sinter quality, sintering temperatures for pre-treated powders were lower by 100 °C as compared to untreated powders. Highest values of bending strength (1997 MPa), microhardness (305 MPa), and relative density (99.6%) were observed for nanomodified HEMT and SPS processed Co pellets, sintered at 700 °C.
Improved Catalytic Properties of Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase Immobilized onto Newly Fabricated Polydopamine-Functionalized Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Bi Yanhong , Wang Zhaoyu , Zhang Rui , Diao Yihan , Tian Yaoqi , Jin Zhengyu
Published: May 2020

In this study, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with polydopamine possessing abundant amino groups (Fe3O4@PDA) were conveniently prepared, detailed, and characterized, and then firstly used as a supporting matrix for immobilizing Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (Fe3O4@PDA@TLL). The effects of some crucial factors on the immobilization efficiency were investigated and the optimal protein loading and activity recovery were found to be 156.4 mg/g and 90.9%, respectively. Characterization studies revealed that Fe3O4@PDA@TLL displayed a broader pH and temperature adaptability as compared to the free TLL, which allows its use at wider ranges of reaction conditions. With regard to the stabilities, the immobilized TLL clearly displayed improved pH, thermal, and solvent tolerance stabilities compared to the free enzyme, suggesting that the biocompatible Fe3O4@PDA might be an outstanding material for immobilizing TLL and acting as alternative support for different enzymes.
Satellite Imagery-Based Damage Assessment on Nineveh and Nebi Yunus Archaeological Site in Iraq
Authors: Angiuli Emanuele , Pecharromán Epifanio , Vega Ezquieta Pablo , Gorzynska Maria , Ovejanu Ionut
Published: May 2020

During the last decades, archaeological site looting throughout Iraq has increased significantly up to a point where some of the most famous and relevant ancient Mesopotamian cities are currently threatened in their integrity. Several important archaeological monuments and artifacts have been destroyed, due to ISIL attacks and associated looting. Since 2016, the policies of the European Union have been increasingly harsh to condemn these atrocious acts of destruction. In such a scenario, the European Union Satellite Centre can be an invaluable instrument for the identification and assessment of the damage in areas occupied by ISIL. A detailed view of the damage suffered by the Nineveh and Nebi Yunus ancient sites, in Iraq, was assessed via visual inspection. The analysis was conducted considering the main events that occurred in the city of Mosul, between November 2013 and March 2018. More than 25 satellite images, new acquisitions and archived, supported by collateral data, allowed the detection and classification of the damage occurred over time. A description of the methodology and the classification of category and type of damage is presented. The results of the analysis confirm the dramatic levels of destruction that these two ancient sites have been suffering since 2013. The analysis reported in this paper is part of a wider study that the SatCen conducted in cooperation with the EU Counter-Terrorism Office and PRISM Office. The whole activity aimed at confirming to EU institutions the massive looting and trafficking operated in the area. The results have been provided to archaeologists in the field as well in support of local authorities who are trying to evaluate the current situation in the area.
Diversity of Algorithm and Spectral Band Inputs Improves Landsat Monitoring of Forest Disturbance
Authors: Cohen Warren B. , Healey Sean P. , Yang Zhiqiang , Zhu Zhe , Gorelick Noel
Published: May 2020

Disturbance monitoring is an important application of the Landsat times series, both to monitor forest dynamics and to support wise forest management at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. In the last decade, there has been an acceleration in the development of approaches designed to put the Landsat archive to use towards these causes. Forest disturbance mapping has moved from using individual change-detection algorithms, which implement a single set of decision rules that may not apply well to a range of scenarios, to compiling ensembles of such algorithms. One approach that has greatly reduced disturbance detection error has been to combine individual algorithm outputs in Random Forest (RF) ensembles trained with disturbance reference data, a process called stacking (or secondary classification). Previous research has demonstrated more robust and sensitive detection of disturbance using stacking with both multialgorithm ensembles and multispectral ensembles (which make use of a single algorithm applied to multiple spectral bands). In this paper, we examined several additional dimensions of this problem, including: (1) type of algorithm (represented by processes using one image per year vs. all historical images); (2) spectral band choice (including both the basic Landsat reflectance bands and several popular indices based on those bands); (3) number of algorithm/spectral-band combinations needed; and (4) the value of including both algorithm and spectral band diversity in the ensembles. We found that ensemble performance substantially improved per number of model inputs if those inputs were drawn from a diversity of both algorithms and spectral bands. The best models included inputs from both algorithms, using different variants of shortwave-infrared (SWIR) and near-infrared (NIR) reflectance. Further disturbance detection improvement may depend upon the development of algorithms which either interrogate SWIR and NIR in new ways or better highlight disturbance signals in the visible wavelengths.
Personal Assessment of Reasons for the Loss of Global Biodiversity—an Empirical Analysis
Authors: Kleespies Matthias Winfried , Dierkes Paul Wilhelm
Published: May 2020

The UN's sustainable development goals (SDGs), which aim to solve important economic, social, and environmental problems of humanity, are to be supported by education for sustainable development (ESD). Empirical studies on the success of the implementation of the SDGs in the field of education are still pending. For this reason, using the loss of global biodiversity as an example, this study examined the extent to which high school students, teacher trainees in biology, and biology bachelor students can identify the causes of the global biodiversity loss. A new questioning tool was developed and tested on 889 participants. In addition, the relationship between connection to nature and the personal assessment about biodiversity threats was examined. The factor analysis of the scale used showed that 11 out of 16 items were assigned to the intended factor. The comparison between high school students, teacher trainees in biology, and biology bachelor students showed no significant difference in overall assessment of the reasons for global biodiversity loss. When comparing the three risk levels in which the risk factors for biodiversity could be divided, across the three student groups, only minor differences were found. Therefore, a specific education of prospective teachers is necessary, as they have to pass on the competence as multipliers to their students. No significant difference could be found when examining the relationship between connection to nature and the overall scores of the assessment scale for the reasons of biodiversity loss. However, it was found that people who felt more connected to nature were more capable of assessing the main causes of risk for global biodiversity, while people who felt less connected to nature achieved better scores for the medium factors.
Comparing Environmental Advisory Councils: How They Work and Why it Matters
Authors: Alarcón Pau , Fernández-Martínez José Luis , Font Joan
Published: May 2020

In many countries, advisory councils are the most common participatory institution in which public administration interacts with civil society around environmental issues. Nevertheless, our knowledge about them is quite limited. The main goal of this article is to show the differences they present with advisory councils in other policy areas in three main aspects: who participates, how they work, and which are their outputs. These differences are especially important because they emerge again regarding their participants’ opinions and satisfaction. We adopt a quantitative perspective in order to analyze this reality in Spain, a country where advisory councils are widespread and highly institutionalized at national, regional and local levels. After developing a mapping of 2013 existing advisory councils, we selected a sample of 55 in three policy areas. The data collected included their formal rules, composition, website characteristics and a survey to 501 participants. This set of evidence shows that environmental councils are more poorly designed, and that this is consequential since it is related with more negative opinions among their members and to a larger degree of polarization in their perceptions.
Relationships between High Ability (Gifted) and Flow in Music Performers: Pilot Study Results
Authors: Moral-Bofill Laura , Llave Andrés López de la , Pérez-Llantada María Carmen
Published: May 2020

Flow state is a positive mental state during which people are highly motivated and absorbed in their activity. This construct has been linked to the creative personality. Creative people differ from each other, but what they share is that they love what they do due to the pure pleasure they derive from their activity. We studied the possible relationship between people with high ability (HA) who dedicate themselves to music (students or professionals) and the flow state that occurs while they are engaged in musical activities (concert or informal event). The “Flow State for Musical Performers” (Estado de Fluidez para Intérpretes Musicales—EFIM) was used in this study. The scores of musicians with HA were compared with those of musicians who are not identified as HA. The study used a sample of 101 Spanish people (HA 28.7%, general population 71.3%). No significant statistical differences were identified in any of the EFIM subscales, except regarding the Loss of Self-Consciousness. This suggests a relationship between HA and the experience of flow, particularly with regard to loss of self-consciousness, but also with characteristics of the creative personality (capacity for enjoyment, attention and learning). Limitations of the study and future lines of research are presented.
An Application of the Fuzzy Delphi Method and Fuzzy AHP on the Discussion of Training Indicators for the Regional Competition, Taiwan National Skills Competition, in the Trade of Joinery
Authors: Tsai Hao-Chang , Lee An-Sheng , Lee Huang-Ning , Chen Chien-Nan , Liu Yu-Chun
Published: May 2020

The importance of vocational training and capacity assessment has grown since the 1980s. Vocational education is an important foundation for societal and economic development. Therefore, it is crucial to develop vocational training and education that meet the demands of the labor market. Modern industrial structure is different from that of the past, creating an imbalance in the supply and demand of the labor force. The purpose of the Skills Competition (the collective term for the regional competition under the Taiwan National Skills Competition in this research) is to encourage the young generation to participate in vocational education and training, thereby further improving the effect and efficiency of learning and training. In order to develop suitable indicators for the joinery trade of the regional competition, Taiwan National Skills Competition (hereinafter referred to as the Regional Competition), we first identify the level of importance of each indicator. Firstly, this study formed a hierarchical structure via the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) with six training indicators (drawings, internal and external joints, assembly, measurements, finishing and appearance, and application of materials), and 27 sub-indicators were developed on the basis of these six major indicators. Secondly, in order to develop suitable training indicators for the joinery trade of the Regional Competition, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP) was adopted to seek the relative weight value of each indicator by assessing subjects through a paired-comparison. The results show that, among the six indicators, the relative weight value of measurements was the highest, followed by finishing and appearance and drawings. The indicators with higher relative weight value, such as measurement and finishing and appearance, should be paid more attention during the training processes. It is hoped that these results be presented to the trainers or instructors of training institutions or vocational schools as a reference to improve their training models, strategies, and quality.
The Motivation of Urban Gardens in Mountain Areas. The Case of South Tyrol
Authors: Cattivelli Valentina
Published: May 2020

Urban gardens have attracted considerable academic attention in recent years. Several studies have, in fact, emphasized their positive contribution in terms of social integration, community health, urban regeneration, and food security, and explored individual gardeners´ motivations behind these practices. While these topics are well-documented with reference to metropolitan urban areas, few studies have been carried out in relation to other contexts such as mountain areas. This limited interest is probably due to the reduced urbanization of these areas, a preference for other forms of horticulture (essentially those practiced in people’s own homes) or the use of different solutions to mitigate the negative effects of social problems. The recent proliferation of urban gardens in South Tyrol (IT) makes this mountain province an interesting laboratory for practices and narratives associated with socially innovative urban gardening experiences. This paper presents a characterization of all urban gardening initiatives in South Tyrol through cartographical representation. It explains gardeners´ and public institutions´ motivations, as well as non-gardeners’ perceptions of urban gardening. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in the various South Tyrolean municipalities where urban gardening projects have been undertaken. The results suggest the great importance of the social and environmental aspect of urban gardens, and an interest in reconnecting with food practices even when food access is not a priority.
Spatial Interaction Model for Healthcare Accessibility: What Scale Has to Do with It
Authors: de Mello-Sampayo Felipa
Published: May 2020

This manuscript develops a theoretical spatial interaction model using the entropy approach to relax the assumption of the deterministic utility function. The spatial healthcare accessibility improves as the demand for healthcare increases or the opportunity cost of traveling to and from healthcare providers decreases. The empirical application used different spatial econometric techniques and multilevel modeling to evaluate the spatial distribution of existing hospitals in Texas and their social and economic correlates. To control for spatial autocorrelation, spatial autoregressive regression models were estimated, and geographically weighted regression models examined potential spatial non-stationarity. The multilevel modeling controlled for spatial autocorrelation and also allowed local variation and spatial non-stationarity. The empirical analysis showed that healthcare accessibility was not stationary in Texas in 2015, with areas of poor accessibility in rural and peripheral areas in Texas, when using hospitals’ location and county data. The model of spatial interaction applied to healthcare accessibility can be used to evaluate policies aiming at the provision of health services, such as closures of hospitals and capacity increases.
How Does Board Gender Diversity Influence the Likelihood of Becoming a UN Global Compact Signatory? The Mediating Effect of the CSR Committee
Authors: Martínez-Ferrero Jennifer , Eryilmaz Mehmet , Colakoglu Nese
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of the factors determining a firm’s affiliation with the United Nations Global Compact (UN GC) as the largest voluntary corporate responsibility initiative worldwide. Drawing on the board perspective of the firm, this paper examines the effect of gender diversity and the mediating effect of the existence of a corporate social responsibility (CSR) committee. To test the paper’s objectives, the authors use an international sample of analysis of 29,951 firm-year observations from 2012 to 2018. The results suggest that female directors on the board significantly encourage the firm’s affiliation with the UN GC and support the mediating effect of the existence of a CSR committee. Therefore, the positive impact of female directors on UN GC signatories appears to be mediated by the existence of a CSR committee.
Application of Six Sigma Model on Efficient Use of Vehicle Fleet
Authors: Stanivuk Tatjana , Gvozdenović Tamara , Žanić Mikuličić Jelena , Lukovac Vesko
Published: May 2020

Each business faces large competition in the market, and it is necessary to adopt the most effective methodology as possible in order to obtain the best solution. Six Sigma (6σ) is a set of techniques and tools for process improvement. The tools of Six Sigma apply within a simple improvement model known as Define–Measure–Analyze–Improve–Control (DMAIC). This paper shows that implementing Six Sigma can be more effective in managing the vehicle fleet. The combination of mathematical, i.e., statistical basis and practice makes Six Sigma so successful. The Six Sigma project, implemented to reduce costs and increase the availability of a vehicle fleet in a selected company, can be widely applied in other similar enterprises.
A Gamma-Type Distribution with Applications
Authors: Iriarte Yuri A. , Varela Héctor , Gómez Héctor J. , Gómez Héctor W.
Published: May 2020

This article introduces a new probability distribution capable of modeling positive data that present different levels of asymmetry and high levels of kurtosis. A slashed quasi-gamma random variable is defined as the quotient of independent random variables, a generalized gamma is the numerator, and a power of a standard uniform variable is the denominator. The result is a new three-parameter distribution (scale, shape, and kurtosis) that does not present the identifiability problem presented by the generalized gamma distribution. Maximum likelihood (ML) estimation is implemented for parameter estimation. The results of two real data applications revealed a good performance in real settings.
The Influence of Smart Manufacturing towards Energy Conservation: A Review
Authors: Terry Shane , Lu Hao , Fidan Ismail , Zhang Yunbo , Tantawi Khalid , Guo Terry , Asiabanpour Bahram
Published: May 2020

Today, the current trends of manufacturing are towards the adaptation and implementation of smart manufacturing, which is a new initiative to turn the traditional factories into profitable innovation facilities. However, the concept and technologies are still in a state of infancy, since many manufacturers around the world are not fully knowledgeable about the benefits of smart manufacturing compared to their current practices. This article reviews several aspects of smart manufacturing and introduces its advantages in terms of energy-saving and production efficiency. This article also points out that some areas need further research so that smart manufacturing can be shaped better.
Localization of Energy and Momentum in an Asymptotically Reissner-Nordström Non-Singular Black Hole Space-Time Geometry
Authors: Radinschi Irina , Sahoo Pradyumn Kumar , Grammenos Theophanes , Chattopadhyay Surajit , Cazacu Marius-Mihai
Published: May 2020

The space-time geometry exterior to a new four-dimensional, spherically symmetric and charged black hole solution that, through a coupling of general relativity with a non-linear electrodynamics, is non-singular everywhere, for small r it behaves as a de Sitter metric, and asymptotically it behaves as the Reissner-Nordström metric, is considered in order to study energy-momentum localization. For the calculation of the energy and momentum distributions, the Einstein, Landau-Lifshitz, Weinberg and Møller energy-momentum complexes were applied. The results obtained show that in all prescriptions the energy depends on the mass M of the black hole, the charge q, two parameters a ∈ Z + and γ ∈ R + , and on the radial coordinate r. The calculations performed in each prescription show that all the momenta vanish. Additionally, some limiting and particular cases for r and q are studied, and a possible connection with strong gravitational lensing and microlensing is attempted.
N-Terminal Fatty Acids of NEFMUT Are Required for the CD8+ T-Cell Immunogenicity of In Vivo Engineered Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Chiozzini Chiara , Manfredi Francesco , Arenaccio Claudia , Ferrantelli Flavia , Leone Patrizia , Federico Maurizio
Published: May 2020

We recently described a cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocyte (CTL) vaccine platform based on the intramuscular (i.m.) injection of DNA eukaryotic vectors expressing antigens of interest fused at the C-terminus of HIV-1 Nefmut, i.e., a functionally defective mutant that is incorporated at quite high levels into exosomes/extracellular vesicles (EVs). This system has been proven to elicit strong CTL immunity against a plethora of both viral and tumor antigens, as well as inhibit both transplantable and orthotopic tumors in mice. However, a number of open issues remain regarding the underlying mechanism. Here we provide evidence that hindering the uploading into EVs of Nefmut-derived products by removing the Nefmut N-terminal fatty acids leads to a dramatic reduction of the downstream antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell activation after i.m. injection of DNA vectors in mice. This result formally demonstrates that the generation of engineered EVs is part of the mechanism underlying the in vivo induced CD8+ T-cell immunogenicity. Gaining new insights on the EV-based vaccine platform can be relevant in view of its possible translation into the clinic to counteract both chronic and acute infections as well as tumors.
Myxoma Virus-Encoded Host Range Protein M029: A Multifunctional Antagonist Targeting Multiple Host Antiviral and Innate Immune Pathways
Authors: Rahman Masmudur M. , McFadden Grant
Published: May 2020

Myxoma virus (MYXV) is the prototypic member of the Leporipoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family of viruses. In nature, MYXV is highly restricted to leporids and causes a lethal disease called myxomatosis only in European rabbits (Oryctologous cuniculus). However, MYXV has been shown to also productively infect various types of nonrabbit transformed and cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, whereas their normal somatic cell counterparts undergo abortive infections. This selective tropism of MYXV for cancer cells outside the rabbit host has facilitated its development as an oncolytic virus for the treatment of different types of cancers. Like other poxviruses, MYXV possesses a large dsDNA genome which encodes an array of dozens of immunomodulatory proteins that are important for host and cellular tropism and modulation of host antiviral innate immune responses, some of which are rabbit-specific and others can function in nonrabbit cells as well. This review summarizes the functions of one such MYXV host range protein, M029, an ortholog of the larger superfamily of poxvirus encoded E3-like dsRNA binding proteins. M029 has been identified as a multifunctional protein involved in MYXV cellular and host tropism, antiviral responses, and pathogenicity in rabbits.
HPV Vaccination as Adjuvant to Conization in Women with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Study under Real-Life Conditions
Authors: del Pino Marta , Martí Cristina , Torras Ines , Henere Carla , Munmany Meritxell , Marimon Lorena , Saco Adela , Torné Aureli , Ordi Jaume
Published: May 2020

Background: Recent studies have shown preliminary evidence that vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) could decrease the risk of persistent/recurrent HSIL in women treated for high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). We aimed to determine the benefits of HPV vaccination in patients undergoing conization for HSIL in real-life conditions and evaluate vaccination compliance associated with different funding policies. Methods: From January 2013 to July 2018, 265 women underwent conization in our center. From January 2013 to July 2017, treated patients (n = 131) had to pay for the vaccine, whereas after July 2017 the vaccine was publicly funded and free for treated women (n = 134). Post-conization follow-up controls were scheduled every six months with a Pap smear, HPV testing, and a colposcopy. Results: 153 (57.7%) women accepted vaccination (vaccinated group), and 112 (42.3%) refused the vaccine (non-vaccinated group). Persistent/recurrent HSIL was less frequent in vaccinated than in non-vaccinated women (3.3% vs. 10.7%, p = 0.015). HPV vaccination was associated with a reduced risk of persistent/recurrent HSIL (OR 0.2, 95%CI: 0.1–0.7, p = 0.010). Vaccination compliance increased when the vaccine was publicly funded (from 35.9% [47/131] to 79.1% [106/134], p < 0.001). Conclusions: HPV vaccination in women undergoing conization is associated with a 4.5-fold reduction in the risk of persistent/recurrent HSIL. Vaccination policies have an important impact on vaccination compliance.
Comparing Internal Flow in Freezing and Evaporating Water Droplets Using PIV
Authors: Karlsson Linn , Ljung Anna-Lena , Lundström T. Staffan
Published: May 2020

The study of evaporation and freezing of droplets is important in, e.g., spray cooling, surface coating, ink-jet printing, and when dealing with icing on wind turbines, airplane wings, and roads. Due to the complex nature of the flow within droplets, a wide range of temperatures, from freezing temperatures to heating temperatures, have to be taken into account in order to increase the understanding of the flow behavior. This study aimed to reveal if natural convection and/or Marangoni convection influence the flow in freezing and evaporating droplets. Droplets were released on cold and warm surfaces using similar experimental techniques and setups, and the internal flow within freezing and evaporating water droplets were then investigated and compared to one another using Particle Image Velocimetry. It was shown that, for both freezing and evaporating droplets, a shift in flow direction occurs early in the processes. For the freezing droplets, this effect could be traced to the Marangoni convection, but this could not be concluded for the evaporating droplets. For both evaporating and freezing droplets, after the shift in flow direction, natural convection dominates the flow. In the end of the freezing process, conduction seems to be the only contributing factor for the flow.
Do Land Use Changes Balance out Sediment Yields under Climate Change Predictions on the Sub-Basin Scale? The Carpathian Basin as an Example
Authors: Orlińska-Woźniak Paulina , Szalińska Ewa , Wilk Paweł
Published: May 2020

The issue of whether land use changes will balance out sediment yields induced by climate predictions was assessed for a Carpathian basin (Raba River, Poland). This discussion was based on the Macromodel DNS (Discharge–Nutrient–Sea)/SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) results for the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios and LU predictions. To track sediment yield responses on the sub-basin level the studied area was divided into 36 units. The response of individual sub-basins to climate scenarios created a mosaic of negative and positive sediment yield changes in comparison to the baseline scenario. Then, overlapped forest and agricultural areas change indicated those sub-basins where sediment yields could be balanced out or not. The model revealed that sediment yields could be altered even by 49% in the selected upper sub-basins during the spring-summer months, while for the lower sub-basins the predicted changes will be less effective (3% on average). Moreover, the winter period, which needs to be re-defined due to an exceptional occurrence of frost and snow cover protecting soils against erosion, will significantly alter the soil particle transfer among the seasons. Finally, it has been shown that modeling of sediment transport, based on averaged meteorological values and LU changes, can lead to significant errors.
Storm Surges in the Bohai Sea: The Role of Waves and Tides
Authors: Li Yuanyi , Feng Huan , Vigouroux Guillaume , Yuan Dekui , Zhang Guangyu , Ma Xiaodi , Lei Kun
Published: May 2020

A storm surge is a complex phenomenon in which waves, tide and current interact. Even though wind is the predominant force driving the surge, waves and tidal phase are also important factors that influence the mass and momentum transport during the surge. Devastating storm surges often occur in the Bohai Sea, a semi-enclosed shallow sea in North China, due to extreme storms. However, the effects of waves on storm surges in the Bohai Sea have not been quantified and the mechanisms responsible for the higher surges that affect part of the Bohai Sea have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we set up a storm surge model, considering coupled effects of tides and waves on the surges. Validation against measured data shows that the coupled model is capable of simulating storm surges in the Bohai Sea. The simulation results indicate that the longshore currents, which are induced by the large gradient of radiation stress due to wave deformation, are one of the main contributors to the higher surges occurring in some coastal regions. The gently varying bathymetry is another factor contributing to these surges. With such bathymetry, the wave force direction is nearly uniform, and pushes a large amount of water in that direction. Under these conditions, the water accumulates in some parts of the coast, leading to higher surges in nearby coastal regions such as the south coast of the Bohai Bay and the west and south coasts of the Laizhou Bay. Results analysis also shows that the tidal phase at which the surge occurs influences the wave–current interactions, and these interactions are more evident in shallow waters. Neglecting these interactions can lead to inaccurate predictions of the storm surges due to overestimation or underestimation of wave-induced set-up.
Range Extension via Electrothermal Recuperation
Authors: Steinstraeter Matthias , Lewke Marcel , Buberger Johannes , Hentrich Tobias , Lienkamp Markus
Published: May 2020

One of the decisive reasons for the slow market penetration of electric vehicles is their short driving range, especially in cold temperatures. The goal of this paper was to increase the driving range in cold temperatures. Electric vehicles recover kinetic energy by recuperation and storage in the battery. However, if the battery is fully charged or cold, the option of recuperation is severely limited. Braking energy is dissipated into the environment via the mechanical brake, and the range thus decreases. Electrothermal recuperation (ETR) enables the braking power to be used in heater systems and thus saves energy in the overall system. In this paper, ETR was investigated with a highly responsive serial layer heater. An overall model consisting of the electric powertrain, the heating circuit, and the vehicle interior was developed and validated. The limitations of recuperation capability were determined from driving tests. The factors state of charge and battery temperature were varied in the conducted simulations in order to quantify the range increase through ETR. The results showed that the range could be increased via electrothermal recuperation by up to 8% at −10 °C in a real driving cycle, using a serial heater. A control strategy of the heating circuit enabled the coolant circuit to function as buffer storage. The interior temperature—and consequently user comfort—remained unchanged.
Finding Matter out of Place: Bologna’s ‘Dirt’ (Fango) Officials in the History of Premodern Public Health
Authors: Geltner Guy
Published: May 2020

A Preliminary study of Bologna's municipal healthscapers. Originally appeared as “Finding Matter out of Place: Bologna’s ‘Dirt’ (Fango) Officials in the History of Premodern Public Health,” in The Far-Sighted Gaze of Capital Cities. Essays in Honor of Francesca Bocchi, ed. Rosa Smurra, Houbert Houben and Manuela Ghizzoni, 307-21. Rome: Viella, 2014
Changes in numbers and distribution of wintering waterbirds at the south coast of Scania, Sweden, during 55 winters, 1964–2018
Authors: Nilsson Leif
Published: May 2020

The south coast of Scania, southernmost Sweden, has long been an important wintering and staging area for waterbirds. A large part of the coast was surveyed annually as a part of the international midwinter counts for 55 years (1964–2018). The total number of wintering waterbirds showed an increasing trend but there was much variation between years. Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula, followed by Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula and—during the early years—Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis, dominated the community. Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, Mallard, Common Goldeneye and Eurasian Coot Fulica atra increased in numbers, reflecting the national and international trends related to milder winters and a northward shift of the winter distribution. Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope and Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus established wintering traditions in the area during the study period. Tufted Duck and Common Merganser Mergus merganser decreased locally due to a northward shift of the wintering distribution northwards within the country. The Long-tailed Duck was an important winter guest in the first years but was only seen in very small numbers in later years, reflecting the general and large-scale decrease of the Baltic wintering population.
ДЕРЖАВНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ РОЗВИТКУ РЕЦИКЛІНГУ ПОБУТОВИХ ВІДХОДІВ В УМОВАХ ЕКОЛОГІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: Levchenko Nataliia , Zhovnirchyk Yaroslav
Published: May 2020

У статті акцентовано увагу на основних проблемах поводження з побутовими відходами. Обґрунтовано критичність ситуації поводження з побутовими відходами та встановлено причини її виникнення. Доведено потребу пошуку шляхів посилення дієвості механізмів державного регулювання поводження з побутовими відходами та можливостей імплементації європейського досвіду у вітчизняну практику. Акцентовано на відповідальності об’єднаних територіальних громад за надання комунальних послуг з поводження з відходами та стан довкілля. Наголошено, що рециклінг відходів у зарубіжній практиці є однією з найбільш прибуткових галузей економіки. Констатовано, що перші спроби бізнес-рециклінгу в Україні завершились провалом з причин відсутності дієвих механізмів державного регулювання поводження з побутовими відходами. Уточнено зміст поняття «побутові відходи» шляхом формування авторського визначення за відновлювальним підходом. Визначено відмінні риси відходів та вторинних ресурсів. Розглянуто основні законодавчі акти з питань регулювання поводження з відходами та доведено їх неефективність. Опрацьовано за Національною стратегією управління відходами в Україні до 2030 року основі принципи поводження з побутовими відходами. Обгрунтовано доцільність запровадження рециклінгу відходів на прикладі Полтавського субрегіону, виокремленого відповідно до Субрегіональної стратегії поводження з відходами у Полтавській області, розробленій європейськими експертами за підтримки Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH у рамках міжнародного проекту «Реформа управління на сході України» (PN 11-2129.2-001.00). Доведено необхідність виокремлення рециклінгу відходів в окрему галузь економіки, що забезпечить дотримання, взятих Україною зобов’язань щодо екологізації економіки. Розроблено практичні рекомендації щодо розробки об’єднаними територіальними громадами Концепції взаємодії об’єднаних територіальних громад з учасниками процесу рециклінгу побутових відходів.
ПРИНЦИПИ ОЦІНКИ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ І РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТІ РЕФОРМУВАННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ
Authors: Bakumenko Valery , Bielousova Olena , Bielousov Vitaly
Published: May 2020

Статтю присвячено дослідженнюпроблемиоцінкиефективності і результативності адміністративного управління в процесі реформування в сфері державного управління. Акцентовано увагу на ключових питаннях реформування державного управління, а саме на тому, як визначити які реформи необхідні, задля досягнення яких цілей і результатів їх необхідно здійснювати, і насамперед – наскільки це ефективно з точки зору співвіднесення очікуваних ефектів та витрат на процес реформування. Обґрунтування відповідей на ці запитання та створення об’єктивної методології оцінювання результатів та ефективності реформування в державному управлінні, здатне виключити хаотичність процесу реформування, невизначеність строків та бажаних результатів, що передбачає реформування – заради процесу, а не досягнення ефективності.
Вважаємо, що в умовах процесу реформування державного управління в Україні, який до речі є далеким від процесу, спрямованого на результат, необхідно чітко усвідомлювати причини та наслідки неефективності державного управління та сформувати власну методологію оцінки вимірювання якості та ефективності державного управління, яка б враховувала специфіку різних аспектів державного управління в Україні з урахуванням міжнародного досвіду розробки та застосування таких методик, що надасть можливість визначити проблемні питання та намітити подальші напрямки реформування системи державних послуг в Україні.
На підставі дослідження міжнародного досвіду впровадження оцінки ефективності і результативності державного управління, аналізу існуючих методологій оцінювання в Україні, визначення проблем розробки та впровадження єдиної системи оцінювання, що здатна об’єктивно проводити моніторинг та задовольняти інтереси основних стейхолдерів реформ державного управління, визначені та запропоновані ключові принципи таобов'язкові вимоги до критеріїв і показників ефективності процесів реформування та державного управління.
ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРИВАТНЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ФОРМ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ФУНКЦІЙ ДЕРЖАВИ
Authors: Petryk Sergiy
Published: May 2020

Роль держави постійно змінюється в системі реалізації проектів державно-приватного партнерства. Функції держави маючи суто теоретичне підґрунтя розвитку державного управління про трансформуються через практичну реалізацію механізмів. Так, формування інноваційних механізмів державного управління в сфері охорони здоров’я вимагає перегляду змісту та форуми реалізації функцій держави.
Зміна функцій держави понукає до трансформації системи державного управління, які пов’язують зі зміною геополітичних викликів, що змінюють ідеологічні, соціальні та політичні процеси в державах. Зміст та склад основних функцій держави є мінливим до історичного розвитку суспільства в більшій мірі функції змінюють форми своєї реалізації зі зміною політичних, ідеологічних та економічних умов. Через реалізацію проектів державно-приватного партнерства в сфері охорони здоров’я реалізуються сукупність функцій держави, що обумовлено функціональною спрямованістю, об’єктною приналежністю, формою реалізації соціальної функції.
В контексті дослідження ролі держави в реалізації проектів державно-приватного партнерства вагоме значення надається трансформації функціональної ролі держави. Для визначення напрямів трансформації функцій держави в статті розглянуто підходи до їх класифікації, в результаті чого виділено пріоритетні функції, до яких віднесено забезпечення національної безпеки в умовах зовнішніх загроз (військових); економічна політика держави в умовах світової фінансової кризи та високого ризику дефолту; реалізація політки сталого розвитку в умовах екологічної кризи; політика щодо біженців, яка характерна для окремих країн Європейського Союзу в умовах напливу біженців з країн Близького Сходу; політика сфері охорони здоров’я в умовах пандемії коронавірусу.
Окрім того, визначено функції держави за характером їх реалізації в контексті впровадження механізмів державно-приватного партнерства в сфері охорони здоров’я.
ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ РЕАКТИВНОГО ПІДХОДУ ПРИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ВБУДОВАНИХ БРАУЗЕРНИХ СИСТЕМ
Authors: Bessonova Nataliia , Volkovskyy Oleg
Published: May 2020

Сучасні браузери включають в себе багато можливостей для комфортної роботи в інтернеті, а так само безліч додаткових плагінів, які допомагають розширити їх базовий функціонал. Існують популярні розширення для загального використання, але так само існують специфічні розширення, які затребувані тільки вузькою групою осіб. В ході досліджень було з'ясовано, що розширення, яке здатне відстежувати відвідані посилання і повідомляти про це учасникам однієї мережевої корпоративної групи при повторному перегляді не було реалізовано на сьогоднішній день. Для виконання цієї мети в роботі було запропоновано алгоритм Render Virtual DOM для платформи React, алгоритм Render Incremental DOM для платформи Angular, визначені переваги і недоліки двох вищевказаних підходів і представлений загальний алгоритм роботи браузерного розширення. Метою даної статті є адаптація запропонованих алгоритмів для розроблюваного розширення і виявлення найбільш ефективного підходу для його реалізації.В результаті було розроблено розширення для якого була використана платформа React з функцією рендеринга на основі Render Virtual DOM і в якості бази був використаний web-браузер з типовою структурою Google Chrome.
інформаційна технологія Дешифрування антропогенних змін на супутникових зображеннях
Authors: Kavats Yuriy
Published: May 2020

В роботі запропоновано інформаційну технологію дешифрування антропогенних змін на різночасових супутникових зображеннях високої просторової здатності. Автоматизована технологія включає методи попередньої обробки знімків (підвищення інформативності, корекції), алгоритм уточнення геопривʼязки перед пошуком змін на різночасових зображеннях високого просторового розрізнення, який ґрунтується на основі методу SIFT. Результати досліджень свідчать про те, що застосування інформаційної технології дозволяє виявляти антропогенні зміни на різночасових зображеннях.
ПЛАНУВАННЯ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТУ ДЛЯ ВИБОРУ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ПАЯННЯ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ТЕПЛОЗАХИСТНИХ КОНСТРУКЦІЙ З ПОРОШКОВОГО СПЛАВУ
Authors: Husarova Iryna , Manko Tamara , Salenko Oleksandr
Published: May 2020

З застосовуванням методики математичного планування експерименту за схемою ротатабельного центрального композиційного планування проведено вибір параметрів паяння зовнішньої панелі, опор та з’єднувальних елементів зі сплаву (Ni20Cr5,95Al)-Y2O3 для теплозахисної конструкції навітряної частини орбітального космічного літака. На основі проведеного чисельного експерименту показано, що найбільший вплив на величину межі міцності паяного з’єднання надає температура і зусилля притиснення. Достовірність розрахунків підтверджено складанням макету конструкції з використанням паяння.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ НАПРЯЖЕНИЙ, ДЕЙСТВУЮЩИХ ПРИ РАЗРУШЕНИИ ПОРОДЫ В ДРОБИЛКАХ С УЧЕТОМ КОНТАКТНОГО ТРЕНИЯ
Authors: Malich Mykola
Published: May 2020

Приведены исследования распределения напряжений, действующих при разрушении крепких материалов в зоне контакта с бронеплитами в щековых дробилках со сложным движением щеки и с конусами в конусных дробилках. Проанализировано влияние направления сил контактного трения при сжатии на эффективность разрушения горной массы. Разработана математическая модель для определения напряженного состояния породы. Показана возможность управления режимами нагружения для повышения эффективности процесса дробления.
ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНА СИСТЕМА АНАЛІЗУ ЯКОСТІ ТЕКСТУ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ МАШИННОГО НАВЧАННЯ
Authors: Ostrovskaya Ekaterina , Kislova Nadezhda , Stanchits Georgy , Stovpchenko Ivan
Published: May 2020

Робота присвячена проектуванню інтелектуальної системи аналізу якості тексту з використанням машинного навчання, а саме розробці програмного продукту, що дозволяє оцінювати якість текстів по ряду критеріїв.Метою роботи є створення програмного продукту, який дозволив би проводити якісний аналіз текстів відповідно до низки критеріїв.Представлені результати тестування і дослідження даного програмного продукту, в результаті чого були визначені найбільш ефективні моделі з отриманих в процесі розробки програми.
PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR COMPLICATED NOISE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Vovk Serhii
Published: May 2020

For a complicated noise environment the use of M-estimator faces a problem of choosing a cost function yielding the best solution. To solve this problem it is proposed to use a superset of cost functions. The superset capabilities provide constructing a parameter estimation method for complicated noise environment. It consists in tuning the generalized maximum likelihood estimation to the current noise environment by setting values of three free superset parameters related to the scale, the tail heaviness and the form of noise distribution, as well as to the anomaly values that presence in data. In general case, this method requires to solve the optimization problem with a non-unimodal objective function, and it can be mostly implemented by using the zero-order optimization methods. However, if the noise environment has known statistics, the proposed method leads to the optimal estimation. If the noise environment is complicated or does not have a complete statistics, the proposed method leads to the more effective estimates comparing to those of mean, median, myriad and meridian estimators. Numerical simulations confirmed the method performance.