bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of binaural beats on pain, anxiety, and procedure tolerance in patients undergoing colonoscopy without sedation: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Demirci Selim , Sezer Semih , Pirinççi Sapmaz Ferdane
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of binaural beats on pain, anxiety,and tolerance during colonoscopy of patients without sedation.
Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blind procedural study that included 92 Turkish patients who underwent colonoscopy. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: the binaural beat music group (n=46) and the control group (n=46). The binaural music group was subjected to music through headphones during the colonoscopy, while the control group was provided headphones without music. The anxiety levels were measured using a Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-anxiety), while the pain levels were assessed using a Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS-pain). Hemodynamic changes, procedure tolerance, cecal insertion and withdrawal times, polyp detection, and patients’ experiences related to colonoscopy were recorded. Likert scales, indicating procedure satisfaction, were also administered immediately after the colonoscopy.
Results: The music group demonstrated significantly lower anxiety scores compared to the control group, along with better tolerance scores, a higher willingness to repeat the procedure, and a significant preference to listen to the same music again for any upcoming unsedated colonoscopy procedures (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of pain experienced during the procedure, vital parameters, cecum insertion time, procedure time, and polyp detection rate (P>0.05).
Conclusions: For patients undergoing colonoscopy without being sedated, listening to music composed of binaural beats demonstrated a significant decrease in anxiety levels and improved patient tolerance during the procedure, presenting an alternative to sedative medications.
Optimizing the use of oil gases released during processing
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Gurbanov Abdulaga N. , Sardarova Ijabika Z. ,   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University
Published: February 2025

The issue of using oil gases is considered because the removal of harmful substances from gases produced during oil refining, and thus and purification of these gases, are critical issues. In the catalytic cracking purification system, where hydrogen-containing gas circulates, the presence of hydrogen sulfide in the gas fractionation unit poses a challenge. Additionally, corrosion of equipment and pipelines during transportation causes environmental pollution. The presence of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in the gas complicates processing process, making their removal from the gas composition essential. To achieve this, methods such as chemical absorption, physical absorption, combined absorption, oxidation, and absorption by solid absorbents are employed. The use of amines is one of the important indicators of wastewater treatment plants. The presence of a certain amount of H2S in the hydrogen-containing gas circulating in the hydrotreating unit reduces catalyst activity in reactors and leads to equipment failure. In a catalytic cracking unit, harmful components are absorbed by absorbents. Technological calculations of the indicators and modes of the main apparatuses of the absorption and desorption processes were carried out, with the results presented in tables. These calculations focus on column-type devices, separators, heat exchangers, and coolers, enabling the purification of gas contents using cold absorption and desorption processes. The use of a 15% aqueous solution of monoethanolamine proved most effective for hydrogen sulfide separation. The operating modes of the blocks in which these processes are carried out have been studied. The study also examines the transformation of sulfur compounds into paraffin, naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons, depending on the structure of the hydrocarbon chain, with hydrogen sulfide being released during hydrogenation under pressure. Improvements in the quality of dry gas transportation have significantly enhanced the efficiency of both transportation and processing.
Educação Ambiental no Contexto Escolar no XI Encontro Pesquisa em Educação Ambiental
Authors: Lima Maria Jacqueline Girão Soares de , Silva Silvana do Nascimento
Published: February 2025

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar reflexões do Grupo de Discussão e Pesquisa sobre Educação Ambiental no Contexto Escolar (GDPEACE), ocorrido no XI EPEA-2023. Esse Grupo de Discussão e Pesquisa agrega produções que abordam as várias identidades da Educação Ambiental (EA), práticas pedagógicas, materiais didáticos, políticas públicas, ensino, aprendizagem e currículo. O artigo apresenta seções sobre a Educação Ambiental de campo consolidado ao contexto escolar, no perfil dos artigos apresentados no GDPEACE e nas reflexões levantadas pelos atores sociais que frequentaram o GDPEACE. Várias instituições de pesquisas se fizeram presentes nos artigos submetidos, como a Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), a Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), a Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), a UNICAMP, a Fiocruz, a UnB e outras. As regiões brasileiras representadas foram sul, sudeste, centro-oeste e nordeste. Dos 26 artigos aprovados, todos apresentam uma abordagem de natureza qualitativa, em que os partícipes das pesquisas foram estudantes, gestores, professores e professoras da educação básica. Percebe-se a necessidade de rever o currículo da Educação Básica e a formação docente para que a EA possa ser trabalhada de forma transversal, transdisciplinar e/ou integradora. Esse é um grande desafio, visto que documentos curriculares oficiais como a BNCC silenciam a EA e adotam a educação para o desenvolvimento sustentável, a qual, no nosso entender, tem implicações de diversas naturezas para a EA nos contextos escolares.
Enhancing the Biological Efficiency of Paddy Straw Mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) using Semi-composting Method of Cultivation in Odisha
Authors: Swain Dibyajyoti , Sahu Kartik Chandra , Das Prittam , Priyadarsini Esha
Published: February 2025

Background: Paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) commonly known as the straw mushroom, in India, commonly referred to as “Pual mushrooms”, “Pala chhatu” in odia belongs to Phylum-Basidiomycota, Class-Basidiomycetes, Order-Agaricales, Family-Pluteaceae and Genus Volvariella. It is being the third most important cultivated mushroom in the world is well known for its pleasant flavour and taste. Methods: An experiment was conducted to evaluate paddy straw and other locally available substrates for production of paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) in Odisha under semi-compost method. Substrates viz. Paddy straw (crumpled and uncrumpled), Paddy straw+ Banana leaves (3:1, w/w), Paddy straw+ Cotton waste (3:1, w/w), Paddy straw+ Water hyacinth (3:1, w/w), Paddy straw + Banana leaves +Water hyacinth (2:1:1, w/w) were partially decomposed and evaluated against traditional undecomposed method of cultivation. Result: Paddy straw (uncrumpled / hand threshed / bundled), when semi-composted, sustained significantly higher mushroom yield (15.63% BE) as compared to the yield (11.50% BE) obtained from its un-decomposed state in traditional method of cultivation. When other wastes such as cotton waste, banana leaves and water hyacinth were mixed with un-crumpled straw, the biological efficiency increased further (16.06 -19.29% BE). Paddy straw mixed with cotton waste (3:1, w/w) sustained the highest yield potential (19.29% BE). It was also recorded that semi composted crumpled/ cattle threshed paddy straw (12.0% BE) was statistically at par with the non-composted uncrupmled/ hand threshed paddy straw (11.50% BE) in supporting the mushroom yield.
Violencia de las Autodefensas de Santander y Cesar (AUSAC) en Santander (1993-1999)
Authors: Villamizar-Hernández Camilo
Published: February 2025

El texto analiza los escenarios de violencia que vivieron los habitantes de los municipios de El Playón, Rionegro, Sabana de Torres, Puerto Wilches y Barrancabermeja (Santander), generados por las Autodefensas del Cesar y de Santander (AUSAC); se describen prácticas de violencia contra civiles, cooptación de rentas ilegales; y también se da cuenta de acciones de resistencia civil, iniciativas de paz y reconciliación con las que se opusieron a esta violencia. La investigación se abordó desde la Historia del Tiempo Presente, a partir de las Memorias de víctimas, demostrando una violencia paramilitar con fines contrainsurgentes, de lucro y por el control territorial que derivó en ataques indiscriminados a la población civil, cuya organización pacífica impidió que los daños e impactos fueran todavía mayores.
¿Qué se necesita para ser presidente? Candidatos a la presidencia en la Nueva Granada, 1848-1856
Authors: Becerra-Mora José Camilo
Published: February 2025

Las elecciones en el siglo XIX fueron entendidas como la fuente de la que devenía la soberanía del pueblo. Por lo tanto, fueron un acontecimiento político que periódicamente suscitaba profundas y largas discusiones sobre las cualidades o atributos que debían poseer los hombres llamados a ocupar un cargo de gobierno o de representación. Particularmente, en la Nueva Granada las elecciones que mayor polémica y discusión suscitaron fueron las convocadas para elegir al presidente de la república. Esas elecciones que se realizaban cada cuatro años, salvo en el periodo federal (1863-1886), fueron la fuente de temores, preocupaciones, anhelos y discusiones en los neogranadinos, cuyos registros quedaron plasmados en las páginas de múltiples periódicos a nivel nacional. Este artículo enfoca su atención en esas discusiones con el objetivo de distinguir cuáles fueron las cualidades y atributos que los neogranadinos juzgaron necesarios en los candidatos presidenciales en tres elecciones distintas: 1848, 1852 y 1856. Con ese objetivo y desde una perspectiva de historia político-intelectual se estudia una faceta de las elecciones para comprenderlas como configuradoras de nuevas prácticas y discursos políticos, que delinearon a una cultura política novedosa que vio la luz en el periodo estudiado.
De desaparecidos a Combatientes. Voces de niños y jóvenes en la guerra (1980 – 2010). El caso de la provincia de Lengupá Boyacá-Colombia
Authors: Acuña Rodríguez Olga Yanet
Published: February 2025

El texto da cuenta de la vinculación de los niños/as al conflicto armado colombiano, particularmente en la provincia de Lengupá Boyacá. Dicha inserción se produjo por la ausencia y debilidad del Estado, y en otros casos por la complicidad de funcionarios, estos espacios fueron aprovechados por los grupos armados: guerrilla de las FARC- EP y de los paramilitares para reclutar y vincular a los niños, niñas y jóvenes para hacer parte de estas organizaciones. El análisis se plantea desde la historia social retomando el testimonio o la voz del otro, que mantiene una reflexión epistemológica a partir de la subjetividad y el relato de víctimas, cuya información reposa en el Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica, en el CINEP y en periódicos locales. Lo que nos arrojó información importante para comprender cómo y dónde fueron reclutados, algunos aspectos de sus travesías, cotidianidad y entrenamiento en la reclusión, lo que transformó las actividades de formación y juego en la escuela por la inserción en la guerra y en el conflicto.
Un sistema Braille para videntes (o la bella máquina)
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mateo José Manuel
Published: February 2025

Para José Revueltas la imputación histórica implícita en la expresión cine mudo causa un daño o un malentendido que afecta nuestra comprensión del cine, pues su aparición como arte visual y no auditivo no se corresponde con la imposibilidad física de ha[1]blar. Las imágenes cinematográficas, ya les llamemos silentes o no auditivas, siempre hablan, y no en un sentido figurado sino estrictamente sígnico. Las implicaciones de esta y otras ideas presentes en El conocimiento cinematográfico y sus problemas son revisadas a la luz de lo escrito por Artaud, Deleuze, Guattari y Rancière, con el fin de mostrar la productividad y capacidad de diálogo de los conceptos sobre cine elaborados por José Revueltas
Parents’ knowledge about obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in childhood
Authors: Carvalho Felipe dos Santos , Carvalho Breno Wesley Leal , Sousa Emylle Eduarda da Silva , Campos Sávio Henrique Lira , Campos André Vinícius Lira , Lira Ana de Lourdes Sá de
Published: February 2025

Aim: To evaluate parents’ knowledge about obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in preschoolers in the primary dentition in the city of Parnaíba-PI. Methods: The questionnaire on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children was applied to parents of children between 2 and 6 years of age, in the deciduous dentition who were attending preschool in public and private kindergarten. It contained objective questions distributed in two parts: the first that determined the epidemiological profile of parents and children; the second part with 22 questions that checked the parents’ knowledge about the child’s sleep and behavior during the day. As an interpretation, the questionnaires that presented 36.3% of the answers YES to the 22 specific questions, the child was considered at high probability for developing OSAS. Results: The average age of the children was approximately 4 years old. Regarding weight, an average of 22 kilos and an average height of 107.45 cm and an average BMI of 18.75, confirmed by notes on the vaccination card. Loud snoring, loud or heavy breathing, and overweight were significantly associated with OSAS (p < 0.001). From a total of 250 children, it was observed that the prevalence rate of high possibility for the development of OSAS was 6% (n=15). Conclusion: Parents were not aware of OSAS, but after applying the questionnaire, they were able to understand the suggestive signs of the syndrome and the importance of early diagnosis.
Academic Motivation and Achievement in Undergraduate Students of the Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Tanjungpura University, during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yandion Imanda , Fitrianingrum Iit , Pratiwi Sari Eka
Published: February 2025

Highlights:

Most students had very high academic motivation and achievement in the very satisfactory category.

No correlation between academic motivation and achievement in undergraduate students.

 
Abstract
Introduction: Academic motivation is said to be correlated to academic achievement. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a distance learning policy allowing students to continue their education. Distance learning has several impacts that can result in students' academic motivation. Therefore, it affects academic achievement. This study examined the relationship between academic motivation and achievement in undergraduate students of the Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Tanjungpura University, during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Methods: This was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 169 students (n=169) were selected through a stratified random sampling technique. Data was processed using the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. The variables were measured using the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS)—Short Indonesian Language Version questionnaire and the student's Grade Point Average (GPA). The Spearman Rank correlation test showed a significance value of 0.096 (Sig>0.05; r=0.128).
Results: The results showed that most of the samples had very high academic motivation (71.6%) and academic achievement in the very satisfactory category (51.5%). Spearman Rank correlation test showed a significance value of 0.096 (Sig>0.05; r=0.128).
Conclusion: There was no correlation between academic motivation and achievement in undergraduate students of the Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Tanjungpura University, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Predictors of Success in Horizontal Strabismus Surgery: Insights from a Prospective Study
Authors: Tjujitno Aurellia Valmai , Prastyani Reni , Susanto Joni , Loebis Rozalina , Indriaswati Luki , Wulandari Lely Retno
Published: February 2025

Highlights:

The younger age and shorter duration of misalignment are significant predictors of success in horizontal strabismus surgery. Younger patients tend to have higher success rates, and shorter durations of misalignment correlate with better surgical outcomes.

Despite variations in population and surgical methods, the overall success rate of 82.3% for horizontal strabismus surgeries aligns with previous studies. This consistency underscores the reliability of surgical outcomes in different settings.

 
Abstract
Introduction: Strabismus is an eye disorder characterized by misalignment of the eyes, which can occur in individuals of any age. This study explored the surgical outcomes of horizontal strabismus correction in patients, aiming to provide insights into the factors influencing success.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted with 17 patients (n=17) who underwent surgery at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Preoperative factors, including age, duration of misalignment, and preoperative angle of strabismus, were analyzed for their impact on surgical success. The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Macintosh version 27.0 was used for data analysis.
Results: This study reviewed the medical records of 17 research samples (n=17). A significant change in the median angle of deviation prism diopters (PD) preoperatively was indicated by the median Postoperative Deviation (PD) (p<0.001). A significant difference in median age at surgery was observed between successful and unsuccessful cases (p=0.035), with younger individuals exhibiting a higher success rate. The duration of misalignment emerged as a crucial factor, with a shorter duration correlating positively with a higher probability of surgical success (p<0.001). Notably, successful outcomes were achieved by all children (100%), suggesting a potential trend indicating age as a predictor of success. While the preoperative angle of strabismus did not significantly impact success, a trend emerged (p=1), indicating a potential threshold effect for more significant angles.
Conclusion: Knowing the significance of age and duration of misalignment on the success rate of strabismus surgery allows for enhanced preoperative assessments, optimized timing of surgery, and developed predictive models to assist in clinical decision-making, ultimately leading to more efficient and successful surgical outcomes.
Implementation of practical cases in the subject of Tutorial Action in the Degree of Primary Education at the University of Granada: A constructivist methodology
Authors: Serrano-García Jennifer , Rakdani-Arif-Billah Fátima Zahra
Published: February 2025

There are numerous studies in the field of education that highlight the importance of working with university students through active methodologies, in which they themselves construct their own learning. However, the reality is different. The large volume of invisible work carried out by university teaching staff, together with the importance given to research in order to assume a prestigious and stable role, as well as the lack of vocation in teaching, has led to a significant deficiency in educational quality. This has limited the implementation of innovative pedagogical practices and has negatively affected the holistic development of students. Hence the need to implement this teaching innovation, which was carried out with university students in primary education. This practice made it possible to incorporate practical and hypothetical situations into the teaching-learning process of future teachers in order to encourage their critical thinking, motivation and teamwork
A Comprehensive Review of Sensor Technologies, Instrumentation and Signal Processing Solutions for Low-Power IoT Systems with Mini Computing Devices
Authors: Gazis Alexandros , Papadongonas Ioannis , Andriopoulos Athanasios , Zioudas Constantinos , Vavouras Theodoros
Published: February 2025

Τhis paper provides a comprehensive overview of sensors commonly used in low-cost, low-power systems, focusing on key concepts such as IoT, Big Data, and smart sensor technologies. It defines the evolving roles of sensors, emphasizing their characteristics, technological advancements, and the transition toward 'smart sensors' with integrated processing capabilities. The article also explores the increasing significance of mini computing devices in educational environments. These devices offer cost-effective and energy-efficient solutions for system monitoring, prototype validation, and real-world application development. By interfacing with wireless sensor networks and IoT systems, mini-computers enable students and researchers to design, test, and deploy sensor-based systems with minimal resource requirements. Furthermore, the paper discusses the use of signal processing techniques to enhance data acquisition and measurement accuracy, making these systems more reliable and suitable for various educational and research applications. This research aims to equip future engineers with the knowledge and tools to integrate cutting-edge sensor networks, IoT, and Big Data technologies into scalable, real-world solutions.
Assessment of Potential Toxic Heavy Metal Levels in Serum of Saudi Patients Under Regular Hemodialysis and Its Association with Parathyroid Hormone, Uremic pruritus and Anemia
Authors: Alrashidi sadyah
Published: February 2025

Worldwide, environmental pollution is a leading cause of illness and mortality. This includes heavy metals, air pollutants, agricultural pesticides, and polluted food and water. Various factors, such as impaired renal excretion, degree of renal impairment, medication use, dialysate contamination, quality of the dialysis water, and metabolic changes in those suffering with end-stage kidney disease, may lead to heavy metal accumulation in hemodialysis patients. The study aimed to assess heavy metal toxicity levels in adults on hemodialysis compared to a control group and to investigate the correlation between parathyroid hormone (PTH) and heavy metal levels, uremic pruritus, and anemia. Method: Cross-sectional research involving 60 adult patients was conducted on regular hemodialysis for at least three months. As a control group, there were 60 adult volunteers who matched in age and sex with the patient group. The Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) method was used to examine the concentrations of heavy metals in drinking water and dialysate water for both groups, including serum levels of aluminum (Al), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As). Result: The hemodialysis group had greater levels of Al, Pb, Cd, Cr, and As than the control group. Serum lead levels and PTH and serum ferritin and chromium levels were significantly correlated negatively. There was no significant correlation between heavy metal levels with uremic pruritus and anemia. Heavy metals in dialysis and drinking water samples were within acceptable ranges, and they were below the detection limit according to WHO and Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/American National Standards Institute (AAMI/ANSI). Elevated heavy metal levels might not be primarily caused by drinking water or dialysis.
Insights into the Electrochemical Synthesis and Supercapacitive Behaviour of 3D Copper Oxide-Based Nanostructures
Authors: Jonkus Gintautas , Levinas Ramunas , Tsyntsaru Natalia , Cesiulis Henrikas
Published: February 2025

While renewable energy sources supply a progressively larger share of the world’s energetical needs, their non-continuous nature demands coupling with energy storage systems such as batteries or capacitors. Consequently, copper oxide-based materials have emerged as promising candidates due to their affordability, stability, and suitable electrochemical performance. In this study, nanostructured copper oxide-based films were electrochemically synthesized on copper foil and foam electrodes and investigated for their supercapacitive behaviour. The synthesis was carried out via cyclic voltammetry (CV) for up to 1000 cycles in an alkaline electrolyte. By tuning the upper vertex potential (-0.3 V to 0.65 V vs Ag/AgCl), both phase composition (Cu₂O, Cu(OH)₂, CuO) and morphology (grains, nanoneedles, nanoplatelets) were precisely controlled, demonstrating the versatility of this approach. EIS data using foil and foam electrodes shows that various processes occur on the electrode during changing potential from -1,0 to 0,6 V and back. The capacitive properties of the synthesized films were evaluated using CV in the potential range of 0 V–0.65 V, and the optimized CuO film synthesized on Cu foam exhibited a high specific capacitance of 2760 mF cm⁻². Charge-discharge cycling at 100 mV s⁻¹ for 1000 cycles indicated an initial capacitance increase followed by stable retention, highlighting the structural integrity and electrochemical stability of the films. These findings provide valuable insights into the controlled electrochemical synthesis of copper oxide nanostructures and their potential for high-performance capacitor applications.
Executing A COVID-19 Mass Vaccination Program in A General Practice in Suburban Australia: A Methodology Case Paper
Authors: Sum Zachary
Published: February 2025

Australia is one of the most vaccinated countries against COVID-19. Increased social activity between December 2021 to January 2022 presented a sharp rise in COVID-19 infection rates in Victoria, Australia. In response to this, the local state government provided additional support in assisting the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine doses among eligible adult and children populations. This report describes the steps taken to develop an innovative primary care vaccination model within a single private general practice. The vaccination program took place over five weeks from January 4, 2022, to February 7, 2022. With the combinative use of information technology, iterative operational workflow processes, repurposing unused consultation rooms and a motivated team on the ground, vaccinations undertaken increased two-fold; while equitable access to COVID-19 vaccination was provided to the local community. The success of this program highlights the critical role general practices play as mass vaccination providers during the pandemic and emphasis the roles they can play as vital clinical partners in future public health crises.
Real-Time Automated Awareness and Handling of Exceptions in Automated Driving System
Authors: Choi Wan Chong , Zhang Cheng , Ma Chengping , Chang Chi In , Choi Iek Chong
Published: February 2025

This research paper investigated the critical role of real-time automated awareness and the handling of exceptions in developing autonomous driving technologies. Focusing on the automated driving systems deployed by Tesla, Waymo, and NVIDIA, we explored the integration of real-time data processing, sensor technology, and AI algorithms essential for navigating complex driving scenarios. Exception-handling mechanisms were studied, highlighting their significance in enhancing vehicle safety and reliability. Through adaptive learning and software updates, these autonomous systems continuously improved their capabilities to address unexpected challenges, increasing their decision-making efficacy and reducing risks. The study also touched upon the implications of AI in autonomous driving, addressing ethical considerations and the importance of human-computer interaction for user trust and safety. By synthesizing recent research findings, this paper presented an overview of the present advancements and potential future directions in autonomous driving, emphasizing the need for ongoing innovation in real-time awareness and exception management.
Tranilast Reduces Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats Through the Upregulation of Heme-Oxygenase (HO)-1
Authors: Canovai Emilio , Farré Ricard , De Hertogh Gert , Dubois Antoine , Vanuytsel Tim , Pirenne Jacques , Ceulemans Laurens J.
Published: February 2025

Intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a harmful process that occurs during intestinal infarction and intestinal transplantation (ITx). It is characterized by severe inflammation which disrupts the mucosal barrier, causing bacterial translocation and sepsis. Tranilast (N-[3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl]-anthranilic acid) (TL) is a synthetic compound with powerful anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the effect of pretreatment with TL in a validated rat model of intestinal IRI (60 minutes of ischemia) in 3 experiments.
TL (650 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage 24 and 2 hours before the onset of ischemia. Experiment 1 examined 7-day survival in 3 study groups (sham, vehicle+IRI and TL+IRI, n=10/group). In Experiment 2, the effects on the intestinal wall integrity and inflammation were studied after 60 minutes of reperfusion using 3 groups (sham, IRI and TL+IRI, n=6/group). The following end-points were studied: L-lactate, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), histology, intestinal permeability, endotoxin translocation, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels. Experiment 3 examined the role of HO-1 upregulation in TL pretreatment, by blocking its expression using Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) at 20 mg/kg vs. placebo (n=6/group).
Intestinal IRI resulted in severe damage of the intestinal wall and a 10% 7-day survival. These alterations led to endotoxin translocation and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. TL pretreatment improved survival up to 50%, significantly reduced inflammation and protected the intestinal barrier. The HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP, abolished the protective effect of TL. TL pretreatment improves survival by protecting the intestinal barrier function, decreasing inflammation and endotoxin translocation, through upregulation of HO-1.
Exploring Biotic and Abiotic Factors of White Oak (Quercus alba L.) Mortality across the Eastern United States
Authors: Khadka Saaruj , He Hong S. , Bardhan Sougata
Published: February 2025

Understanding the complex interplay of biotic and abiotic factors influencing the white oak mortality rate is crucial for developing effective forest management strategies in the eastern United States. This study examines the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on WOM rates, utilizing a Classification and Regression Tree model to evaluate and rank these factors, providing a prioritized understanding of their relative impacts. Results indicated that biotic factors were more important than abiotic factors influencing WOM rates. Basal area and stand density were the most important variables affecting WOM rates, likely due to their effects on competition and resource availability. The middle tier included terrains and climatic factors that impacted white oaks’ microclimate and stress conditions. At the same time, lower-tier variables, mainly soil texture, moisture, and nutrient availability affected the most to WOM rates. Future research should investigate specific biotic and abiotic interactions under changing climate conditions to enhance forest management practices by addressing potential vulnerabilities to sustain white oak populations across the eastern United States.
Enhancing Vision Transformers for Scene Text Recognition and Spotting with Orthogonal Constraints
Authors: Baidon Will , Xu Shicheng , Johnson Jack , Jin Owen , Li Ling
Published: February 2025

In the realm of computer vision, Vision Transformers (ViTs) have emerged as a compelling choice for scene text recognition (STR) and spotting, tasked with deciphering text embedded within complex natural environments. While ViTs like ViTSTR offer a hopeful balance of precision, processing speed, and computational efficiency, their widespread application in STR has been hindered by suboptimal accuracy. This accuracy challenge is largely due to the homogeneous nature of feature processing within the multi-head self-attention mechanism. To surmount this barrier, this paper pioneers the integration of orthogonality constraints into the architecture of ViTSTR. These constraints are designed to foster a diverse and distinct feature detection capability across different attention heads, thereby enhancing the model's overall accuracy. By implementing these constraints, the model adapts to capture a more comprehensive array of textual features, which is crucial for handling the varied and unpredictable nature of scene texts. The introduction of this orthogonality not only bolsters the model's precision but also preserves its computational agility, making it a robust solution for real-world STR and spotting applications.
Independent Predictors of Circulating Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and Resistin Levels in Subjects with Obesity: Associations with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Metabolic Parameters
Authors: Pescari Denisa , Mihuta Simina , Bena Andreea , Stoian Dana
Published: February 2025

Background: obesity is a major contributor to cardiometabolic risks, including subclinical atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. This study investigates the roles of Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and resistin as obesity predictors, examining their associations with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and metabolic parameters; Methods: sixty adults (18–71 years), spanning normal weight to obesity, were assessed for body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (WC). Body composition was measured using the TANITA BC-418 device, while subclinical atherosclerosis was evaluated via CIMT with the Aixplorer MACH 30 ultrasound system. Blood samples were analyzed for TMAO, resistin, and metabolic biomarkers; Results: TMAO, resistin, CIMT, fat mass, glucose, HbA1c, and lipid profiles significantly increased across BMI categories (p<0.001). TMAO correlated strongly with CIMT (r=0.674, p<0.001), indicating its role in subclinical atherosclerosis. Logistic regression identified TMAO (threshold 380; AUC=0.880, accuracy=91.7%) as a predictor of cardiometabolic risk. Resistin was associated with CIMT, WHR, and total cholesterol, inversely linked to LDL cholesterol (p=0.003). Less active participants exhibited higher TMAO (p=0.001) and resistin (p=0.02). Family histories of obesity and diabetes correlated with elevated TMAO, while resistin linked to shorter sleep duration and diabetes history, highlighting their importance in obesity-related cardiometabolic risks; Conclusions: TMAO is closely associated with abdominal fat, insulin resistance, and subclinical atherosclerosis, while resistin relates to lipid profiles and aging. Together, they provide a nuanced predictive model for obesity-related cardiometabolic risks, reinforcing their value in risk stratification and targeted management.
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Acute Cholangitis; Hepatobiliary Diseases Are in a Relation
Authors: Sotoudeheian Mohammadjavad
Published: February 2025

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is defined by hepatic fat accumulation unrelated to significant alcohol use and is strongly associated with metabolic disorders. It progresses from simple steatosis to inflammation and fibrosis, increasing the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In contrast, acute cholangitis (AC) is a severe biliary infection usually caused by bile duct obstruction—often due to gallstones, strictures, or tumors—and presents with symptoms such as fever, jaundice, and abdominal pain. While both conditions affect liver health, their causes differ. There is pieces of evidence from clinical and experimental studies that shows there could be a relationship between MASLD and AC. It has been demonstrated that MASLD significantly increases AC risk, with worse clinical outcomes, including higher mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and severe complications such as sepsis and acute kidney injury. A piece of evidence has been provided mechanistic insights, showing that MASLD exacerbates cholangitis through chronic inflammation, ductular proliferation, and fibrosis, driven by bile acid (BA) dysregulation and gut-liver axis dysfunction. Studies highlighted BA metabolism disruptions in MASLD, while other studies emphasized the role of metabolic comorbidities and dysbiosis in amplifying biliary inflammation. Collectively, these studies underscore MASLD as a critical risk factor for AC, mediated by metabolic, inflammatory, and biliary pathways. This review aims to explain these connections, offering insights into preventive strategies and therapeutic targets to mitigate AC risk and improve outcomes in MASLD patients.
Phytyl Phenolipids as Promising Biomembrane Antioxidants
Authors: Costa Vânia , Costa Marlene , Rebelo Rute , Arques Francisca , Ferreira Mariana , Gameiro Paula , Barros Tomás , Geraldo Dulce , Monteiro Luís S. , Paiva-Martins Fátima
Published: February 2025

Procedures for the easy preparation of a series of phytyl phenolipids were developed, yielding phytyl esters of caffeic, protocatechuic, homoprotocatechuic and dihydrocaffeic acids in high yields (70-95%). Preliminary characterization showed that these new compounds have a similar lipo-solubility and comparable radical scavenging capacity to that of the natural membrane antioxidant -tocopherol. Cyclic voltammetry analysis showed lower anodic peak potentials for the phytyl esters when compared with the parental phenolic acids and the electron transfer followed an ad-sorption-controlled mechanism. Despite having strong anti-radical capacity and of being able to penetrate the membrane, the antioxidant efficiency of phytyl esters in liposomal systems was deeply dependent on the structure of the phenolipid polyphenolic moiety. In the phosphatidyl-choline LUVs system tested, phytyl esters showed remarkable efficiency in preventing liposome autoxidation when compared to -tocopherol, excepted for the caffeic acid ester that did not show any improvement in the oxidative stability of liposomes. Nevertheless, as all the phytyl esters showed at least a similar activity when compared with -tocopherol, all these molecules can still be considered strong candidates for future interventions against oxidative stress in cells and lipo-proteins, deserving a proper evaluation of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity in cell models and in vivo.
Establishing Diagnostic Reference Levels in Digital Mammography from Eight Mammography Units Using over 30,000 Images
Authors: Mediji-Arifi Mirjeta , Ristova Mimoza M.
Published: February 2025

Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRL) in digital mammography were determined from 31,040 digital mammography images acquired from diagnostic and screening examination data from eight state-managed mammography centres/units in the Republic of North Macedonia (RM). The main objective is to establish a Diagnostic Reference Level for mammography examinations at different ranges of breast thickness. Materials and methods: ~30,000 mammography images were used to evaluate Mean Glandular Dose (MGD), and Compressed Breast Thickness (CBT)for each projection, craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO). The stratified DRL was derived by calculating the 75th percentile of the MGD across all the samples at various CBT ranges for both projections. Results and Discussion: The overall median MGDs, minimum, and maximum were calculated to be 1.15 mGy, 0.1 mGy, and 9.93 mGy, respectively. As the CBT increased from 7 to 120 mm, the 75th percentile of the MGD increased from 0.94 mGy to 3.67 mGy for CC, and from 0.44 mGy to 4.91 mGy for MLO projections. Conclusion: The study established local DRLs for the digital mammography systems at the 75th percentile, which compared well with the values reported by other countries/regions. The DRL defined per CC and MLO image view for a specific CBT indicated that at least one mammography facility needs optimization.
Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from the Biomass of Aromatic Plants after Distillation Using NADES: A Sustainable Alternative Extraction Method
Authors: Truzzi Eleonora , Bertelli Davide , Catellani Benedetta , Jazi Danial Darvishi , Benvenuti Stefania
Published: February 2025

The extraction processes for medicinal plants, particularly the distillation of aromatic plants, generate significant quantities of by-products, consisting of fibrous biomass and hydrosols. These by-products pose challenges for disposal and recovery. Consequently, it is imperative to make the entire, highly energy-intensive process more sustainable by valorizing all derivatives.
This study aims to recover bioactive compounds, particularly polyphenols, from these biomasses. Polyphenols represent a large class of compounds known for their biological activities. Artemisia dracunculus, Echinacea purpurea, Helichrysum italicum (from the Asteraceae family), and Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula x intermedia, Melissa officinalis, Salvia officinalis, Salvia sclarea, and Salvia rosmarinus (from the Lamiaceae family) were subjected to steam distillation. The essential oils obtained were characterized using gas chromatography, and the residual biomasses were processed with innovative extraction methods.
The study investigated the use of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) for extracting polyphenols from the residual biomasses. Comparisons were made between the extracts obtained using NADES and those obtained using ethanol, a traditional solvent commonly employed for such purposes. The chemical characterization of the extracted compounds was performed using advanced analytical techniques, including HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-HRMS.
The application of NADES demonstrated superior extraction efficiency for biomasses from both the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families. Additionally, NADES exhibited several environmentally friendly characteristics, enhancing their sustainability profile. For these reasons, NADES present a viable alternative system for the recovery of bioactive compounds and could be used to formulate new products for the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
MRBMO: An Enhanced RBMO Algorithm For Solving Numerical Optimization Challenges
Authors: Wei Junhao , Gu Yanzhao , Yan Yuzheng , Li Zikun , Lu Baili , Pan Shirou , Cheong Ngai , Zhou Ruishen
Published: February 2025

To solve the limitation of easily getting trapped in local optima and slow convergence rates of Red-billed Blue Magpie Optimization algorithm (RBMO), an enhanced RBMO algorithm (MRBMO) was proposed. MRBMO was improved by integrating Good Nodes Set Initialization, an Enhanced Search-for-food Strategy, a newly-designed Siege-style Attacking-prey Strategy and Lens-Imaging Opposition-Based Learning (LIOBL). The experimental results show that MRBMO is superior to traditional algorithms in terms of convergence speed and solving accuracy, especially in high-dimensional search space. This paper designs two types of simulation experiments to test the practicability of MRBMO. First, MRBMO is used along with other heuristic algorithms to solve four engineering design optimization problems, aiming to verify the applicability of MRBMO in engineering design optimization. Then, to overcome the shortcomings of metaheuristic algorithms in antenna S-parameter optimization problems, such as time-consuming verification processes, cumbersome operations, and complex modes, this paper adopts a test suite specifically designed for antenna S-parameter optimization, with the goal of efficiently validating the effectiveness of metaheuristic algorithms in antenna S-parameter optimization. The results show that MRBMO demonstrates significant advantages in both engineering design optimization and antenna S-parameter optimization.
Distribution and Habitat Suitability of the Malabar Slender Loris (Loris lydekkerianus malabaricus) in the Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary, India
Authors: Gnanaolivu Smitha D. , Erinjery Joseph J , Campera Marco , Singh Mewa
Published: February 2025

Understanding how mammals respond to climate change is critical for predicting future biogeographic shifts and implementing effective conservation strategies. In this study, we applied MaxEnt modeling to identify key determinants of the distribution of the Malabar slender loris (Loris lydekkerianus malabaricus), a nocturnal primate endemic to the Western Ghats of India. Using 416 slender loris sightings, spatially thinned at 0.5 km intervals to reduce spatial autocorrelation, we evaluated 19 present bioclimatic variables alongside 10 additional climatic variables. From these, 14 predictor variables with Pearson correlation values above 0.75 were selected for analysis. Future distribution models employed bioclimatic projections from the CNRM-CM5 global climate models under three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs): 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5. The current distribution models identified 23 km² as suitable habitat for slender lorises, with 3 km² suitable for males and 12 km² for females. Projections for 2070 under RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 scenarios predict habitat reductions of 52%, 13%, and 8%, respectively, signaling significant vulnerability under changing climatic conditions. Precipitation of the warmest quarter, precipitation of the driest month, distance from roads, and elevation were identified as the most influential variables shaping the species' distribution. This study underscores the pressing need for targeted conservation efforts to mitigate habitat loss and fragmentation, particularly in the context of climate change. By providing a detailed analysis of current and future habitat suitability, it lays the groundwork for similar predictive studies on nocturnal small mammals. As climate change accelerates, the integration of species-specific ecological insights and advanced modeling techniques will be vital in guiding conservation actions and preserving biodiversity in vulnerable ecosystems like the Western Ghats.
Emerging Biochemical Conversion for Plastic Waste Management: A Review
Authors: Liu Zhongchuang , Chang Siu Hua , Mailhot Gilles
Published: February 2025

In recent years, vast amounts of plastic waste have been released into the en- vironment worldwide, posing a severe threat to human health and ecosystems. Despite the partial success of traditional plastic waste management technologies, their limitations underscore the need for innovative approaches. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in chemical and biological technologies for converting and utilizing plastic waste. Key topics include the technical parameters, characteristics, processes, and reaction mechanisms underlying these emerging technologies. Addition- ally, the review highlights the importance of conducting economic analyses and life cycle assessments of these emerging technologies, offering valuable insights and establishing a robust foundation for future research. By leveraging literature from the past five years, this review explores innovative chemical approaches, such as hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis, alcoholysis, ammonolysis, pyrolysis, and photolysis, which break down high-molecular-weight macromolecules into oligomers or small molecules by cracking or depolymerizing specific chemical groups within plastic molecules. It also examines in- novative biological methods, including microbial enzymatic degradation, which employs microorganisms or enzymes to convert high molecular -weight macromolecules into oli- gomers or small molecules through degradation and assimilation mechanisms. The r e- view concludes by discussing future research directions focused on addressing the technological, economic, and scalability challenges of emerging plastic waste manage- ment technologies, with a strong commitment to promoting sustainable solutions and achieving lasting environmental impact.