bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation-driven epichaperome assembly is a regulator of cellular adaptability and proliferation
Authors: Roychowdhury Tanaya , McNutt Seth W. , Pasala Chiranjeevi , Nguyen Hieu T. , Thornton Daniel T. , Sharma Sahil , Botticelli Luke , Digwal Chander S. , Joshi Suhasini , Yang Nan , Panchal Palak , Chakrabarty Souparna , Bay Sadik , Markov Vladimir , Kwong Charlene , Lisanti Jeanine , Chung Sun Young , Ginsberg Stephen D. , Yan Pengrong , De Stanchina Elisa , Corben Adriana , Modi Shanu , Alpaugh Mary L. , Colombo Giorgio , Erdjument-Bromage Hediye , Neubert Thomas A. , Chalkley Robert J. , Baker Peter R. , Burlingame Alma L. , Rodina Anna , Chiosis Gabriela , Chu Feixia
Published: October 2024

The intricate network of protein-chaperone interactions is crucial for maintaining cellular function. Recent discoveries have unveiled the existence of specialized chaperone assemblies, known as epichaperomes, which serve as scaffolding platforms that orchestrate the reconfiguration of protein-protein interaction networks, thereby enhancing cellular adaptability and proliferation. This study explores the structural and regulatory aspects of epichaperomes, with a particular focus on the role of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in their formation and function. A key finding is the identification of specific PTMs on HSP90, particularly at residues Ser226 and Ser255 within an intrinsically disordered region, as critical determinants of epichaperome assembly. Our data demonstrate that phosphorylation of these serine residues enhances HSP90’s interactions with other chaperones and co-chaperones, creating a microenvironment conducive to epichaperome formation. Moreover, we establish a direct link between epichaperome function and cellular physiology, particularly in contexts where robust proliferation and adaptive behavior are essential, such as in cancer and pluripotent stem cell maintenance. These findings not only provide mechanistic insights but also hold promise for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting chaperone assemblies in diseases characterized by epichaperome dysregulation, thereby bridging the gap between fundamental research and precision medicine.
Female calls promote song learning in male juvenile zebra finches
Authors: Bistere Linda , Gomez-Guzman Carlos M. , Xiong Yirong , Vallentin Daniela
Published: October 2024

Social interactions promote vocal learning, but the impact of social feedback on this process and its neural circuitry is not well understood. We studied song imitation in juvenile male zebra finches raised either in the presence or absence of adult females. Juveniles learned songs more accurately with a female present, suggesting her presence improves imitation. When female calls correlated with practice, tutees’ songs better resembled the tutor’s, hinting toward the possibility that females provide practice-specific vocalizations. Intracellular recordings of HVC projection neurons revealed that a subset of these neurons in both juveniles and adults is sensitive to female calls during listening, suggesting a consistent neural mechanism for processing important vocalizations, regardless of age. However, call-related neural responses during singing were observed only in juveniles. These findings highlight how vocalizations, beyond those of the tutor, influence the neural circuits for vocal learning and production.
Prevalent and persistent new-onset autoantibodies in mild to severe COVID-19
Authors: Jernbom August F. , Skoglund Lovisa , Pin Elisa , Sjöberg Ronald , Tegel Hanna , Hober Sophia , Rostami Elham , Rasmusson Annica , Cunningham Janet L. , Havervall Sebastian , Thålin Charlotte , Månberg Anna , Nilsson Peter
Published: October 2024

Autoantibodies have been shown to be implied in COVID-19 but the emerging autoantibody repertoire remains largely unexplored. We investigated the new-onset autoantibody repertoire in 525 healthcare workers and hospitalized COVID-19 patients at five time points over a 16-month period in 2020 and 2021 using proteome-wide and targeted protein and peptide arrays. Our results show that prevalent new-onset autoantibodies against a wide range of antigens emerged following SARS-CoV-2 infection in relation to pre-infectious baseline samples and remained elevated for at least 12 months. We found an increased prevalence of new-onset autoantibodies after severe COVID-19 and demonstrated associations between distinct new-onset autoantibodies and neuropsychiatric symptoms post-COVID-19. Using epitope mapping, we determined the main epitopes of selected new-onset autoantibodies, validated them in independent cohorts of neuro-COVID and pre-pandemic healthy controls, and identified sequence similarities suggestive of molecular mimicry between main epitopes and the conserved fusion peptide of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein. Our work describes the complexity and dynamics of the autoantibody repertoire emerging with COVID-19 and supports the need for continued analysis of the new-onset autoantibody repertoire to elucidate the mechanisms of the post-COVID-19 condition.
CAPTURE-24: A large dataset of wrist-worn activity tracker data collected in the wild for human activity recognition
Authors: Chan Shing , Hang Yuan , Tong Catherine , Acquah Aidan , Schonfeldt Abram , Gershuny Jonathan , Doherty Aiden
Published: October 2024

Existing activity tracker datasets for human activity recognition are typically obtained by having participants perform predefined activities in an enclosed environment under supervision. This results in small datasets with a limited number of activities and heterogeneity, lacking the mixed and nuanced movements normally found in free-living scenarios. As such, models trained on laboratory-style datasets may not generalise out of sample. To address this problem, we introduce a new dataset involving wrist-worn accelerometers, wearable cameras, and sleep diaries, enabling data collection for over 24 hours in a free-living setting. The result is CAPTURE-24, a large activity tracker dataset collected in the wild from 151 participants, amounting to 3883 hours of accelerometer data, of which 2562 hours are annotated. CAPTURE-24 is two to three orders of magnitude larger than existing publicly available datasets, which is critical to developing accurate human activity recognition models.
The impact of explaining vegetarian meal requests on the affective responses and perceptions of meat eaters
Authors: Laffan Kate , Howard Emma
Published: October 2024

Social situations can present challenges for those looking to reduce or avoid eating meat. In an experimental vignette study with a large representative sample of 1,117 UK-based meat eaters, we explore affective responses to requests for vegetarian meals and perceptions of those making the request across four social situations: a BBQ, a pub, a restaurant dinner, and a dinner party. We examine moderators of these perceptions including whether the requester presents themselves as vegetarian or a meat restrictor and whether they cite health, environmental or no motives for their request. Overall, we find that these moderators have a greater impact on meat eaters’ perceptions of the requester than on their affective responses to the request. We also find that these outcomes are more impacted by the mention of motives than they are diet type. Standout findings include evidence that people citing environmental motives for their vegetarian meal request are perceived more negatively, while those with health motives are perceived more positively. We also identify substantial heterogeneity across the respondents’ levels of meat attachment: those who are more attached to meat have more negative perceptions of vegetarian meal requesters and experience higher negative affect and lower positive affect in response to the request.
Vietnamese people’s behavior and future intention to purchase medicines and functional foods on the internet: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Doan Dung Anh , Vu Nhung Hong , Nguyen Phuong Lan , Dinh Dai Xuan
Published: October 2024

This study investigated Vietnamese people’s behavior and future intention to purchase medicines and functional foods online and their associated factors. From March to May 2023, a Google Form questionnaire was distributed via social networks and online platforms. Convenience and snowballing sampling methods were employed to recruit 1,305 Vietnamese people. In the past year, 50.3% of participants purchased at least one kind of medicine and/or functional foods online (medicines: 27.6%, functional foods: 45.1%). Among 656 buyers, nearly a third bought these products more than three times and only 5.9% felt dissatisfied with their previous experiences. This purchasing behavior was more prevalent among females, those married, having higher education levels, usually shopping online, having longer time of Internet use per day, and seeking health information on the Internet (p < 0.001). In addition, 77.5% of participants intended to purchase these products online in the future and 61.2% would introduce this kind of online purchase to other people. The purchase intention was significantly associated with the participants’ previous experiences, area, contracting chronic diseases, and using the Internet for self-medication, while factors associated with the introducing intention included their education level, occupation, and previous experiences in online purchases (p < 0.001).
If the first child is breech, overall outcomes for families with two children are similar regardless of the mode of the first birth
Authors: Savchenko Julia , Pegelow Halvorsen Cecilia , Lindqvist Pelle G , Brismar Wendel Sophia
Published: October 2024

Cesarean section for breech presentation is often recommended. However, cesarean section affects future reproduction. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of mode of the first birth in breech on outcomes of the second birth and the two births together. This is a register-based nationwide cohort study including 23 062 women with a first singleton birth in breech ≥ 34 gestational weeks and a subsequent singleton birth in Sweden 2000–2019. Exposure was mode of first delivery. Main maternal outcome was a composite of fourth-degree perineal injury, postpartum hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion, hysterectomy, or death. Main infant outcome was a composite of stillbirth, extremely preterm birth (< 28 weeks), moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, therapeutic hypothermia, or death. Outcomes were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. In the first birth, the infant composite outcome affected < 1% in both groups but the risk was higher in the vaginal breech group (13/1525), compared with the breech CS group (27/21 537), aOR 7.06, 95% CI 2.91–17.1. In the second birth, the infant composite outcome affected < 1% in both groups but the risk was lower for the first vaginal breech group (3/1525) compared with the first breech CS group (152/21 537), aOR 0.26, 95% CI 0.08–0.84. There was no significant difference between the groups in risk of composite infant outcome in the two births assessed together, or in risk of composite maternal outcome. In total, the chance of a two-children family without maternal or infant severe adverse composite outcome was high and similar regardless mode of the breech first birth.
snPATHO-seq, a versatile FFPE single-nucleus RNA sequencing method to unlock pathology archives
Authors: Wang Taopeng , Roach Michael J. , Harvey Kate , Morlanes Javier Escudero , Kiedik Beata , Al-Eryani Ghamdan , Greenwald Alissa , Kalavros Nikolaos , Dezem Felipe Segato , Ma Yuling , Pita-Juarez Yered H. , Wise Kellie , Degletagne Cyril , Elz Anna , Hadadianpour Azi , Johanneson Jack , Pakiam Fiona , Ryu Heeju , Newell Evan W. , Tonon Laurie , Kohlway Andrew , Drennon Tingsheng , Abousoud Jawad , Stott Ryan , Lund Paul , Durruthy Jens , Vallejo Andres F. , Li Wenyan , Salomon Robert , Kaczorowski Dominik , Warren Joanna , Butler Lisa M. , O’Toole Sandra , Plummer Jasmine , Vlachos Ioannis S. , Lundeberg Joakim , Swarbrick Alexander , Martelotto Luciano G.
Published: October 2024

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples are valuable but underutilized in single-cell omics research due to their low RNA quality. In this study, leveraging a recent advance in single-cell genomic technology, we introduce snPATHO-seq, a versatile method to derive high-quality single-nucleus transcriptomic data from FFPE samples. We benchmarked the performance of the snPATHO-seq workflow against existing 10x 3’ and Flex assays designed for frozen or fresh samples and highlighted the consistency in snRNA-seq data produced by all workflows. The snPATHO-seq workflow also demonstrated high robustness when tested across a wide range of healthy and diseased FFPE tissue samples. When combined with FFPE spatial transcriptomic technologies such as FFPE Visium, the snPATHO-seq provides a multi-modal sampling approach for FFPE samples, allowing more comprehensive transcriptomic characterization.
Seasonal biases in fluorescence-estimated chlorophyll-a derived from biogeochemical profiling floats
Authors: Long Jacqueline S. , Takeshita Yuichiro , Plant Joshua N. , Buzby Nina , Fassbender Andrea J. , Johnson Ken S.
Published: October 2024

Marine phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll-a concentration are often estimated from pigment fluorescence measurements, which have become routine despite known variability in the fluorescent response for a given amount of chlorophyll-a. Here, we present a near-global, monthly climatology of chlorophyll-a fluorescence measurements from profiling floats combined with ocean color satellite estimates of chlorophyll-a concentration to illuminate seasonal biases in the fluorescent response and expand upon previously observed regional patterns in this bias. Global biases span over an order of magnitude, and can vary seasonally by a factor of 10. An independent estimate of chlorophyll-a from light attenuation shows similar global patterns in the chlorophyll-fluorescence bias when compared to biases derived from satellite estimates. Without accounting for these biases, studies or models using fluorescence-estimated chlorophyll-a will inherit the seasonal and regional biases described here.
Introduction
Authors: White Robin J. , Figueiredo Marta Costa
Published: October 2024

Society is in urgent need of changes in the way our energetical needs are supplied. The intensive use of fossil fuels not only allowed societal development but also ended up causing severe environmental changes that endangered life on Earth. To preserve our life and the survival of Earth as we know it, we need a global shift from the use of traditional fossil fuel-based energy sources (e.g., coal, oil, and natural gas) to cleaner, more sustainable, and lower environmental impact alternatives, including renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and bio-energy. In this context, the development of new chemical technologies that empower sustainable and renewable alternatives for energy production, conversion, and usage and for chemical production is necessary and highly demanded. In this chapter, we explain our choices for the various chemical processes and technologies that we compiled in this book and consider it crucial to contribute to the ongoing global efforts towards a successful energy transition.
Water Electrolysis Technology and Challenges
Authors: de Groot Matheus T.
Published: October 2024

In this chapter, four main water electrolysis technologies, namely alkaline, PEM, AEM and SOEC electrolysis, are compared with respect to a number of key techno-economic aspects. These include the polarization curve, the economic polarization curve (which is a new concept that includes stack costs), gas crossover, balance of plant design, and durability. Together, these aspects determine the capital and operating costs and hence the competitiveness of a water electrolysis technology. Currently, alkaline technology outperforms the other technologies mainly due to its relatively low stack costs. Yet there is some uncertainty concerning its durability in flexible operation with frequent shutdowns. PEM technology can be operated efficiently at high current densities, but suffers from relatively high stack costs. AEM and SOEC technologies both hold promise to outperform the other technologies, but they first need to become sufficiently durable. Which technology will be most competitive in the future will depend on technical improvements in the field of membranes, electrodes, cell design and operating conditions. It should be taken into account that improvements in one techno-economic aspect can lead to deterioration in another.
Does gas-phase sulfur dioxide remove films of atmosphere-extracted organic material from the aqueous aerosol air–water interface?
Authors: Stuckey Edward J. , Welbourn Rebecca J. L. , Jones Stephanie H. , Armstrong Alexander J. , Wilkinson Matthew , Morison James I. L. , King Martin D.
Published: October 2024

Molecularly thin films of atmosphere-extracted material at the air–water interface may be altered but are not removed by sulfur dioxide.
Grease trap waste valorization through hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion: a circular approach to dairy wastewater treatment
Authors: Cabrera Daniela V. , Adema-Yusta Ingrid , Santibañez María J. , Celis Crispin , Tester Jefferson W. , Labatut Rodrigo A.
Published: October 2024

Integrating hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) with anaerobic digestion (AD) and recycling a fraction of the resulting wastewater (AP) in the HTL allows for recovering 85% of the energy contained in the grease waste while reducing its COD to 700 mg L−1.
Amphiphilic engineering of MoS2–g–C3N4 nanocomposites into a mangrove-inspired cascade system for sustainable drinking water production
Authors: Liu Sichen , Wang Haotian , Xiao Yumeng , Calatayud David G. , Mao Boyang , Zhang Gaoqi , Yang Chenhui , Wang Lidong , Li Meng
Published: October 2024

Drinking water contamination and water shortages are seriously exacerbated by industrial wastewater discharge.
The use of peanut shells as a bio-template to prepare K-doped In2O3 porous sheets for chlorine detection
Authors: Zhu Lin , Han Heyong
Published: October 2024

K-In2O3 porous sheets were prepared through a three-step process using peanut shells as a biotemplate, and exhibited an excellent gas response to low concentrations of Cl2.
Diversity-driven, efficient exploration of a MOF design space to optimize MOF properties
Authors: Liu Tsung-Wei , Nguyen Quan , Dieng Adji Bousso , Gómez-Gualdrón Diego A.
Published: October 2024

A generalizable machine learning technique (VBO) for efficient exploration of MOF design space was developed and demonstrated by optimizing MOFs for NH3 storage.
Enhancement of catalytic centres by RuO2 addition to CuFe2O4 cathode catalyst for rechargeable lithium–air batteries: influence of CO2 on Li–O2 battery performances
Authors: Pamangadan C. Sharafudeen , Elumalai Perumal
Published: October 2024

Herein, the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction (ORR/OER) kinetics of the inverse-spinel CuFe2O4 catalyst was enhanced via the addition of a very low quantity of RuO2, which powers an LED when used in Li–air and Li–CO2 batteries.
Improved charge delivery within a covalently ligated cobalt phthalocyanine electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction
Authors: Kochubei Alena S. , Marianov Aleksei N. , Conquest Oliver J. , Lu Teng , Liu Yun , Stampfl Catherine , Jiang Yijiao
Published: October 2024

Cobalt(ii) phthalocyanine (CoPc) complexes are some of the most active catalysts for the CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2ERR).
Nonlinear adjustment of the photoresponse of ZnO/a-Ga2O3 heterojunction photodetectors by inserting a SiO2 dielectric layer
Authors: Li Mingyang , Jiang Dayong , Zhao Man
Published: October 2024

This work utilizes the insertion of a SiO2 dielectric layer to alter the barrier height of the ZnO/Ga2O3 heterojunction, achieving nonlinear control over the photodetector responsivity.
Water-dispersed bismuth-doped strontium pyrovanadate phosphor particles with sub-degree celsius thermal resolution
Authors: Ogugua Simon N. , Erasmus Lucas J. B. , Kroon Robin E. , Swart Hendrik C.
Published: October 2024

The lifetime and emission of water-dispersed Sr2V2O7:Bi3+ exhibit strong thermal quenching around ambient temperatures. The high-temperature sensitivity and microsecond lifetime of this material make it suitable for temperature imaging applications.
New anti-counterfeiting materials based on hemicyanine dyes: HSO3−/SO32− encryption and UV light decryption
Authors: Shan Xiaofeng , Zhou Xu , Wang Qian , Shen Linyi , Xu Hong , Redshaw Carl , Feng Xing , Zhang Qilong
Published: October 2024

UV excitation, the adduction reaction products of hemi-cysteine dyes with HSO3−/SO32− generate reactive oxygen species, triggering structural restoration and color transition, which are then applied in anti-counterfeiting color-changing technology.
The e-MANTIS emulator: Fast and accurate predictions of the halo mass function in f(R)CDM and wCDM cosmologies
Authors: Sáez-Casares I. , Rasera Y. , Richardson T. R. G. , Corasaniti P.-S.
Published: October 2024

Aims. In this work, we present a novel emulator of the halo mass function (HMF), which we implemented in the framework of the e-MANTIS emulator of f(R) gravity models. We also extended e-MANTIS to cover a larger cosmological parameter space and to include models of dark energy with a constant equation of state wCDM.

Methods. We used a Latin hypercube sampling of the wCDM and f(R)CDM cosmological parameter spaces, over a wide range, and carried out a large suite of more than 10 000 N-body simulations with a different volume, mass resolution, and random phase for the initial conditions. For each simulation in the suite, we generated halo catalogues using the friends-of-friends (FoF) halo finder, as well as the spherical overdensity (SO) algorithm for different overdensity thresholds (200, 500, and 1000 times the critical density). We decomposed the corresponding HMFs on a B-spline basis, while adopting a minimal set of assumptions on their shape. We used this decomposition to train an emulator based on Gaussian processes.

Results. The resulting emulator is able to predict the HMF for redshifts ≤1.5 and for halo masses Mh ≥ 1013 h−1 M⊙. The typical HMF errors for SO haloes with ∆ = 200c at ɀ = 0 in wCDM (respectively f(R)CDM) are of the order of ϵ0 ≃ 1.5% (ϵ0 ≃ 4%) up to a transition mass Mt ≃ 2 ⋅ 1014 h−1 M⊙ (Mt ≃ 6 ⋅ 1013 h−1 M⊙). For larger masses, the errors are dominated by the shot noise and scale as ϵ0 ⋅ (Mh/Mt)α with α ≃ 0.9 (α ≃ 0.4) up to Mh ~ 1015 h−1 M⊙. Independently of this general trend, the emulator is able to provide an estimation of its own error as a function of the cosmological parameters, halo mass, and redshift. We have performed an extensive comparison against analytical parametrizations and shown that e-MANTIS is able to better capture the cosmological dependence of the HMF, while being complementary to other existing emulators.

Conclusions. The e-MANTIS emulator, which is publicly available, can be used to obtain fast and accurate predictions of the HMF in the f(R)CDM and wCDM non-standard cosmological models. As such, it represents a useful theoretical tool to constrain the nature of dark energy using data from galaxy cluster surveys.
Magnetising galaxies with cold inflows
Authors: Ledos Nicolas , Ntormousi Evangelia , Takasao Shinsuke , Nagamine Kentaro
Published: October 2024

Context. High-redshift (z ∼ 2 − 3) galaxies accrete circumgalactic gas through cold streams. Recent high-resolution magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of these streams show a significant amplification of the intergalactic magnetic field in the shear layer around them.

Aims. For this work we estimated the magnetisation of high-redshift galaxies that would result purely due to the accretion of already magnetised gas from cold streams.

Methods. We used the mass inflow rates and saturated magnetic field values from cold stream simulations as input to a simple analytic model that calculates the galactic magnetic field purely from mass accretion.

Results. Our model predicts average magnetic field strengths that exceed μG values at z ∼ 2 − 3 for inflow rates above 0.1 M⊙ yr−1. For high inflow rates, our model results are consistent with the recent detection of a strong magnetic field in z ≳ 2.6 galaxies.

Conclusions. Within the assumptions of our simple model, magnetised cold streams emerge as a viable mechanism for seeding a dynamically important galactic magnetic field.
Nebular dust attenuation with the Balmer and Paschen lines based on the MaNGA survey
Authors: Lin Zesen , Yan Renbin
Published: October 2024

Dust attenuations observed by stars and ionized gas are not necessarily the same. The lack of observational constraints on the nebular dust attenuation curve leaves a large uncertainty when correcting nebular dust attenuation with stellar continuum-based attenuation curves. Making use of the DAP catalogs of the MaNGA survey, we investigate the nebular dust attenuation of H II regions traced by the Balmer and Paschen lines. Based on a simple simulation, we find that star-forming regions on kpc scales favor the classic foreground screen dust model rather than the uniform mixture model. We propose a novel approach to fit the dust attenuation curve using the emission-line fluxes directly. For strong hydrogen recombination lines (e.g., Hγ, Hδ, and Hϵ), the slopes of the nebular attenuation curve can be well determined and are found to be in good agreement with the Fitzpatrick Milky Way extinction curve with an accuracy of ≲4% in terms of the correction factor. However, severe contaminations and/or systematic uncertainties prevent us from obtaining reasonable values of the slopes for weak recombination lines (e.g., the high-order Balmer lines or the Paschen lines). We discuss how the choice of emission line measurement methods affects the results. Our results demonstrate the difficulty of deriving an average nebular dust attenuation curve given the current ground-based emission-line measurements.
A comparative high-resolution spectroscopic analysis of in situ and accreted globular clusters
Authors: Ceccarelli E. , Mucciarelli A. , Massari D. , Bellazzini M. , Matsuno T.
Published: October 2024

Globular clusters (GCs) are extremely intriguing systems that help in reconstructing the assembly of the Milky Way via the characterisation of their chemo-chrono-dynamical properties. In this study, we use high-resolution spectroscopic archival data from UVES and UVES-FLAMES at the VLT to compare the chemistry of GCs dynamically tagged as either Galactic (NGC 6218, NGC 6522, and NGC 6626) or accreted from distinct merger events (NGC 362 and NGC 1261 from Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus, and Ruprecht 106 from the Helmi Streams) in the metallicity regime where abundance patterns of field stars with different origin effectively separate (−1.3 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ −1.0 dex). We find remarkable similarities in the abundances of the two Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus GCs across all chemical elements. They both display depletion in the α-elements (Mg, Si and Ca) and statistically significant differences in Zn and Eu compared to in situ GCs. Additionally, we confirm that Ruprecht 106 exhibits a completely different chemical makeup from the other target clusters, being underabundant in all chemical elements. This demonstrates that when high precision is achieved, the abundances of certain chemical elements can not only efficiently separate in situ from accreted GCs, but can also distinguish among GCs born in different progenitor galaxies. In the end, we investigate the possible origin of the chemical peculiarity of Ruprecht 106. Given that its abundances do not match the chemical patterns of the field stars associated with its most likely parent galaxy (i.e. the Helmi Streams), being depleted in the abundances of α-elements in particular, we believe Ruprecht 106 to originate from a less massive galaxy compared to the progenitor of the Helmi Streams.
Crystallization onset in white dwarfs
Authors: Baiko D. A.
Published: October 2024

We studied the thermal evolution of the central region of a 0.9 M⊙ C/O white dwarf at the initial stage of ion mixture crystallization by numerically solving the heat equation on a fine spatial and temporal grid and by including a detailed treatment of the latent heat release. The formation of two spherical shells is observed. The outer one surrounds a region where crystallization has begun. The inner one bounds a fully solidified core that has exhausted its latent heat. The region between the shells is partially liquid and partially solid. It gradually emits the latent heat generated by crystallization and also releases light elements (carbon) in the process of element redistribution, which accompanies the mixture solidification. Assuming that all released light elements cross the outer shell, we estimated the flux induced by the mixture crystallization. The resulting flux is not divergent and is much lower than the estimate derived from the growth rate of the fully crystallized core.
SDSS J102915.14+172927.9: Revisiting the chemical pattern
Authors: Caffau E. , Bonifacio P. , Monaco L. , Steffen M. , Sbordone L. , Spite M. , François P. , Gallagher A. J. , Ludwig H.-G. , Molaro P.
Published: October 2024

Context. The small- to intermediate-mass (M < 0.8 M⊙), most metal-poor stars that formed in the infancy of the Universe are still shining today in the sky. They are very rare, but their discovery and investigation brings new knowledge on the formation of the first stellar generations.

Aims. SDSS J102915.14+172927.9 is one of the most metal-poor star known to date. Since no carbon can be detected in its spectrum, a careful upper limit is important, both to classify this star and to distinguish it from the carbon-enhanced stars that represent the majority at these metallicities.

Methods. We undertook a new observational campaign to acquire high-resolution UVES spectra. The new spectra were combined with archival spectra in order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. From the combined spectrum, we derived abundances for seven elements (Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, Ni, and a tentative Li) and five significant upper limits (C, Na, Al, Sr, and Ba).

Results. The star has a carbon abundance A(C) < 4.68 and therefore is not enhanced in carbon, at variance with the majority of the stars at this Fe regime, which typically show A(C) > 6.0. A feature compatible with the Li doublet at 670.7 nm is tentatively detected.

Conclusions. The upper limit on carbon implies Z < 1.915 × 10−6, more than 20 times lower than the most iron-poor star known. Therefore, the gas cloud out of which the star was formed did not cool via atomic lines but probably through dust. Fragmentation of the primordial cloud is another possibility for the formation of a star with a metallicity this low.
Indicateurs de durabilité écologique des agroécosystèmes dérivés de la télédétection satellitaire : revue systématique
Authors: Padonou Mikhaïl J.D.D. , Denis Antoine , Hountondji Yvon-Carmen H. , Tychon Bernard , Gouwakinnou Gérard N.
Published: October 2024

Le suivi de la durabilité écologique des agroécosystèmes est nécessaire pour atténuer les impacts négatifs de l’agriculture sur l’environnement. Le développement de l’observation de la terre par satellite permet ce suivi sur de larges zones. Plusieurs indicateurs dérivés de la télédétection satellitaire permettent de le faire. Cette étude propose un inventaire des indicateurs de durabilité écologique (IDE) des agroécosystèmes dérivés de la télédétection satellitaire. Les bases de données Web of Science et Environmental Science Collection ont été explorées à partir d’une équation de recherche. Huit cent articles et revues de littérature scientifiques évalués par les pairs et publiés entre 1990 et 2022 ont été analysés et 49 ont été retenus pour la revue systématique de littérature. Respectivement 12 % et 42 % de ces publications proposaient des IDE dont le calcul dépendait intégralement ou partiellement de données de télédétection satellitaire. Les 46 % restants proposaient des IDE qui, bien que ne dépendant pas actuellement de données de télédétection satellitaire, pouvaient en être dérivés. À partir des 49 publications, 101 IDE des agroécosystèmes dérivés de la télédétection satellitaire ont été inventoriés, dont 32 % étaient basées sur l’analyse de la couverture et de l’utilisation du sol. Cinquante-deux pour cent des IDE évaluaient la capacité des agroécosystèmes à préserver les écosystèmes naturels. Cette étude met en évidence que la disponibilité de données et d’indicateurs dérivés de la télédétection satellitaire peut favoriser un suivi à long terme et à moindre coût de la durabilité écologique des agroécosystèmes. Les particularités des différents agroécosystèmes peuvent nécessiter des indicateurs spécifiques pour le suivi efficace de leur dynamique.
Synthesis and assessment of the Mo/MoO3/CZTS/Ag diode fabricated by one-pot hydrothermal route: impact of temperature
Authors: Allawi Nabaa H. , Al-Jawad Selma M.H.
Published: October 2024

A facile one-step hydrothermal method was utilized to prepare Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) film employing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a complexing agent. An effective molybdenum oxide layer was also formed using the same approach for forming the Cu2ZnSnS4 film. The influence of preparation temperature on structural, morphology, and optical characteristics was studied. The formation of crystalline kesterite phase Cu2ZnSnS4 films with preferred orientation along the (112) plane was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, and it was also demonstrated that structure property changes with preparation temperatures: kesterite phase Cu2ZnSnS4 is formed at lower preparation temperatures and kesterite phase Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2S are formed with increasing preparation temperature. Also, Raman's analysis confirmed the formation of a molybdenum oxide layer on the Mo substrate. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that surface morphology changes from leaves of trees to flake-flowers. According to UV-visible analysis, Cu2ZnSnS4 films exhibited high and wide absorbance spectra in the visible and infrared regions and a band gap between (1.67–1.9) eV. Photoluminescence analysis revealed emission peaks at (1.569, 1.55, and 1.56) eV for samples prepared at (160, 200, and 230) °C, respectively, which is very close to the band's gap of Cu2ZnSnS4. Finally, the electrical study of Mo/MoO3/CZTS/Ag junctions was performed using current-voltage (I–V) measurement.
Population-genetics analysis of the brown trout broodstock in the “Panjica” hatchery (Serbia) and its conservation applications
Authors: Veličković Tijana , Snoj Aleš , Bravničar Jernej , Simić Vladica , Šanda Radek , Vukić Jasna , Barcytė Dovilė , Stanković David , Marić Saša
Published: October 2024

Artificial propagation and stocking of brown trout is a standard practice in recreational fishery management. In recent decades, the importance of maintaining intraspecific diversity and protecting locally adapted lineages has been recognized for the species' long-term survival. The first step in selecting donors for stocking involves distinguishing native trout from non-native and introgressed individuals. The established method for discerning Atlantic hatchery strains from the wild populations involves genetic screening of individual diagnostic SNPs and microsatellite assignment tests. This study, using Serbia's Panjica hatchery as an example, illustrates the proper conduct of routine genetic screening for identifying suitable donors for supportive stocking. The broodstock and reference populations were screened using mtDNA control region, LDH nuclear gene, and 12 microsatellite loci to assess the origin, diversity, and inbreeding levels. The analysis revealed only moderate contamination with Atlantic trout and showed the regional origin of the Danubian genes – over 50% of the broodstock was composed of non-introgressed Danubian individuals tracing their origin to the Zapadna Morava River system. Additionally, the study highlighted a considerable discordance between LDH locus and microsatellites in identifying introgressed individuals, raising concerns about the sole reliance on LDH locus for the identification of Atlantic genetic origin in nuclear DNA.
Outcomes of Pediatric Renal Tumors over 5 Years in Regional Cancer Center, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, South India
Authors: Murugasamy Sathya , Appaji Lingegowda , Kumar Arun , Kumar Nuthan , Kaushik Prakruthi S. , Reddy Mohana , Thumallapalli Avinash , Kumari Bangegadde S. Aruna
Published: October 2024

Wilms' tumor (WT) is the most common malignant renal tumor in the pediatric population and it is managed with a multimodal treatment. Improvements in chemotherapy and risk stratification have led to dramatic improvement in the prognosis of renal tumors, which was once a lethal malignancy. Seventy-three patients with histopathologically proven diagnosis of renal tumor who received treatment from January 2011 to December 2015 were included for analysis. Eight children underwent upfront nephrectomy. The patients were analyzed for event-free survival and overall survival. The outcomes were correlated with age, sex, stage at presentation, and histology. A favorable histology was found in 74% patients, while an unfavorable histology was observed in 26% of the cases. The 5-year event-free survival was 82.7% and overall survival was 87.6%. The stage at presentation had a prognostic value (p < 0.001). Tumor histology was the single most important factor in predicting the survival.
Semiconstrained Distal Radioulnar Joint Arthroplasty: Functional Outcomes and Complications
Authors: Pina Matthew J. , Yang Harmony Tan Chern , Pintado Gonzalo , Ozyurekoglu Tuna
Published: October 2024

Background: The semiconstrained distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) prosthesis (Aptis Medical, Louisville, KY) is an option in the treatment of refractory DRUJ pathology that has shown promising results.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the short- to midterm functional outcomes, complications, and factors affecting outcomes of semiconstrained DRUJ arthroplasty.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 47 DRUJ arthroplasty procedures (on 46 consecutive patients) from a single surgeon between 2010 and 2022. Demographic data, range of motion, grip strength, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs: Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand; Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation; modified Mayo Wrist Score [mMWS]; and visual analog scale [VAS] for pain) were collected. Complications were classified as major (requiring surgery) or minor (treated conservatively).

Results: The average follow-up was 3.37 years (standard deviation, 3.51; range, 0.04–15.62 years). A total of 30% of patients (n = 14) were followed for more than 5 years. Postoperatively, supination significantly increased and VAS pain scores improved significantly. Patients also experienced improved function in the operative wrist as assessed by the mMWS. Patients with prior DRUJ and/or triangular fibrocartilage complex surgery were more likely to have additional diagnoses at the time of definitive surgery and our postoperative outcomes varied based on prior surgery and additional diagnoses, with a trend toward higher pain levels and worse PROMs. The overall complication rate was 17%, with one major complication consisting of a posttraumatic periprosthetic ulna fracture. All other complications were minor. Implant survival was 100%.

Conclusion: Semiconstrained DRUJ arthroplasty significantly improves pain levels and functional outcomes at short- to midterm follow-up. Patients who had undergone previous related surgeries were showed a trend toward higher postoperative pain levels and worse PROMs. Although complications were common, overall patient satisfaction and implant survivorship were high.

Level of Evidence: IV
Effect of residual stress and microstructure on mechanical properties of sputter-grown Cu/W nanomultilayers
Authors: Lorenzin Giacomo , Klimashin Fedor F. , Yeom Jeyun , Hu Yang , Michler Johann , Janczak-Rusch Jolanta , Turlo Vladyslav , Cancellieri Claudia
Published: October 2024

The combination of the high wear resistance and mechanical strength of W with the high thermal conductivity of Cu makes the Cu/W system an attractive candidate material for heat sinks in plasma experiments and for radiation tolerance applications. However, the resulting mechanical properties of multilayers and coatings strongly depend on the microstructure of the layers. In this work, the mechanical properties of Cu/W nanomultilayers with different densities of internal interfaces are systematically investigated for two opposite in-plane stress states and critically discussed in comparison with the literature. Atomistic simulations with the state-of-the-art neural network potential are used to explain the experimental findings of Young’s modulus and hardness. The results suggest that the microstructure, specifically the excess free volume associated with porosity and interface disorder interconnected with the stress state, has a great impact on the mechanical properties, notably Young’s modulus of Cu/W nanomultilayers.
Climate extreme triggers cold-water community rescue
Authors: Ebner B. C. , Lobegeiger J. , Coe J. , Balcombe S. , Latimer D. , Pickering G. , Marshall J. C.
Published: October 2024

Context Mountain-top associated instream fauna with restricted ranges and limited dispersal capability are especially vulnerable to extinction under global warming and climate extremes. Aims Rescue and housing of multiple cold-water taxa on short timelines in reaction to extreme drought. Methods We undertook multi-species rescue (fishes: Gadopsis marmorata, n = 50; Galaxias olidus, n = 150; and a crayfish Euastacus sulcatus, n = 50) from the headwaters of the Condamine–Balonne catchment, temporarily holding animals in small (200 L) and large (1000 L) aquaria in single- and mixed-species contexts, at below 23°C. Key results Galaxias olidus was successfully kept in one of the small aquaria, but did not survive in mixed-species aquaria, partly being due to predation by other species. Euastacus sulcatus showed decreased survivorship at moulting (predation). Large Gadopsis marmorata (>100-mm total length, TL) was aggressive, whereas maintaining smaller individuals and using large aquaria served to dampen overall aggression levels. Conclusions Holding mixed taxa following field rescues requires attention to detail, including developmental-stage combinations within and across species, enclosure volume and availability of structure. Implications The simultaneous rescue of multiple co-occurring endemic taxa represents a promising aspect of research and adaptive management in the era of global climate change.
Live-cell imaging under centrifugation characterized the cellular force for nuclear centration in the
Caenorhabditis elegans
embryo
Authors: Goda Makoto , Shribak Michael , Ikeda Zenki , Okada Naobumi , Tani Tomomi , Goshima Gohta , Oldenbourg Rudolf , Kimura Akatsuki
Published: October 2024

Organelles in cells are appropriately positioned, despite crowding in the cytoplasm. However, our understanding of the force required to move large organelles, such as the nucleus, inside the cytoplasm is limited, in part owing to a lack of accurate methods for measurement. We devised a method to apply forces to the nucleus of living
Caenorhabditis elegans
embryos to measure the force generated inside the cell. We used a centrifuge polarizing microscope to apply centrifugal force and orientation-independent differential interference contrast microscopy to characterize the mass density of the nucleus and cytoplasm. The cellular forces moving the nucleus toward the cell center increased linearly at ~12 pN/μm depending on the distance from the center. The frictional coefficient was ~980 pN s/μm. The measured values were smaller than the previously reported estimates for sea urchin embryos. The forces were consistent with the centrosome-organelle mutual pulling model for nuclear centration. The frictional coefficient was reduced when microtubules were shorter or detached from nuclei in mutant embryos, demonstrating the contribution of astral microtubules. Finally, the frictional coefficient was higher than a theoretical estimate, indicating the contribution of uncharacterized properties of the cytoplasm.
Effects of lockdowns in shaping socioeconomic behaviors
Authors: Bao Leo , Cao Jingcun , Gangadharan Lata , Huang Difang , Lin Chen
Published: October 2024

Lockdowns were implemented to reduce the transmission of the COVID-19 virus. However, it is unclear how severely curtailed physical interaction shapes individual behaviors that are considered vital for socioeconomic development. In this exploratory study, we investigate the behavior of college students who experienced a strict campus-wide lockdown and those who did not. Employing a combination of experimental and survey methodologies, we elicit students’ behavioral variables, which are then integrated with administrative records from the university. We find that those exposed to the lockdown were more likely to trust others and be honest; however, their creativity was lower. Exposure to the lockdown was not found to significantly affect students’ trustworthiness, risk preferences, or competitiveness. A follow-up study reveals that the lower creativity among students may be attributed to reduced communication frequency with friends during the lockdown, mediating the lockdown’s impact. Conversely, the effects of the lockdown on trust and honesty may operate through a direct pathway, independent of changes in daily activities during the lockdown. Further analysis reveals a gender-dependent trend, with lockdowns exerting a more pronounced influence on male students than their female counterparts. These results underscore the consequences of lockdowns and advocate for enhanced support networks, emphasizing the importance of communicating with friends in similar circumstances.
Delivery of functional Cas:DNA nucleoprotein complexes into recipient bacteria through a type IV secretion system
Authors: Guzmán-Herrador Dolores L. , Fernández-Gómez Andrea , Depardieu Florence , Bikard David , Llosa Matxalen
Published: October 2024

CRISPR-associated (Cas) endonucleases and their derivatives are widespread tools for the targeted genetic modification of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. A critical step of all CRISPR-Cas technologies is the delivery of the Cas endonuclease to the target cell. Here, we investigate the possibility of using bacterial conjugation to translocate Cas proteins into recipient bacteria. Conjugative relaxases are translocated through a type IV secretion system into the recipient cell, covalently attached to the transferred DNA strand. We fused relaxase R388-TrwC with the endonuclease Cas12a and confirmed that it can be transported through a T4SS. The fusion protein maintained its activity upon translocation by conjugation into the recipient cell, as evidenced by the induction of the SOS signal resulting from DNA breaks produced by the endonuclease in the recipient cell, and the detection of mutations at the target position. We further show how a template DNA provided on the transferred DNA can be used to introduce specific mutations. The guide RNA can also be encoded by the transferred DNA, enabling its production in the recipient cells where it can form a complex with the Cas nuclease transferred as a protein. This self-contained setup enables to target wild-type bacterial cells. Finally, we extended this strategy to the delivery of relaxases fused to base editors. Using TrwC and MobA relaxases as drivers, we achieved precise editing of transconjugants. Thus, conjugation provides a delivery system for Cas-derived editing tools, bypassing the need to deliver and express a
cas
gene in the target cells.