bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agronegocio y nuevos pactos hidrosociales en América Latina: expansión agroexportadora en la región de Ñuble, Chile
Authors:   Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile, Panez Alexander , Barraza Stephanie ,   Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
Published: December 2024

La escasez social del agua presente en Chile ha generado un desplazamiento del agronegocio hacia la región de Ñuble por la disponibilidad de agua existente. Sin embargo, dicha región no está exenta de problemas hídricos, lo que desencadena la promoción de megaproyectos hidráulicos, con el propósito de asegurar agua para el riego de la agroexportación. Lo anterior ha generado diversos conflictos con las comunidades afectadas por estos proyectos.
Ante tal escenario, en este artículo se analizan las transformaciones de las relaciones hidrosociales producidas por el avance de la agroexportación en la región de Ñuble. Para ello se utilizó una metodología mixta, que integra el análisis de información (de fuente primaria y secundaria) cuantitativa y cualitativa, y de variables geográficas e históricas.
Como principales resultados se obtuvo que en la región de Ñuble se está configurando una transformación de las relaciones hidrosociales, que se despliega en cuatro estrategias: 1) la fabricación discursiva de un nuevo “pacto hidrosocial”; 2) el reimpulso de construcción de embalses; 3) concentración de beneficios de riego, y por último, 4) concentración de derechos de aprovechamiento de agua en las cuencas de la región. Estas planificaciones, que alimentan el avance de la agroexportación, entran en disputa con las movilizaciones de resistencia multiescalar que se oponen a la intervención de los ríos y, por ende, a la construcción de embalses. A partir de nuevas valorizaciones sobre el agua y el territorio, dichos procesos de resistencias han obstaculizado y frenado los megaproyectos hidráulicos en la región.
Topographical Surveys of the Pedestrian Bridges of the Sabaneta and La Estrella Metro Stations, Using 3d Laser Technology and Subsequent Numerical Modeling With Finite Elements (Fem), for the Control of Environmental Vibrations Through Tuned Mass Dampers
Authors: Carmona Jorge Eliécer Campuzano , Maldonado Camilo Andrés Jiménez , Martinez Giovanni Martinez
Published: December 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the numerical modeling of TMD tuned mass dampers coupled to pedestrian bridges, with the aim of attenuating ambient vertical vibrations produced by pedestrians and thus improving user comfort on pedestrian bridges.
 
Theoretical Framework: This topic presents some of the research carried out successfully for the mitigation of vertical vibrations in pedestrian bridges using tuned mass dampers.
 
Method: The methodology adopted for this research includes a review of the state of the art where the same research problem and given solutions are addressed. Subsequently, field work and numerical modeling of the pedestrian bridge, ending with a possible solution of a proposed TMD.
 
Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that by varying the parameters of different models it was possible to obtain the best TMD that attenuated vertical vibrations in pedestrian bridges.
 
Research Implications: The implications of this research can be applied in the field of civil engineering, specifically in slender pedestrian bridges that have problems with excessive vertical vibrations. The above is in order to mitigate vibrations and improve the service conditions of the pedestrian bridge.
 
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by proposing control devices, in two specific case studies for pedestrian bridges in Medellín metro stations. It is a practical contribution that seeks to improve the performance and operating conditions of pedestrian bridges.
Citizenship and Mental Health: Possibilities For Articulation in the Work of the Psychosocial Care Network in Brazil
Authors: Cardoso Francisca Maria Carvalho
Published: December 2024

Objective: The study aims to discuss Mental Health based on the concepts of citizenship and the rights of people with mental disorders in the face of the process of exclusion from society.
 
Theoretical framework: It addresses classical and contemporary theorists in the discussion on citizenship, in addition to the fight for the rights of people with mental disorders in the reality of Brazil, where a brief historical path is outlined, outlining the main markers regarding people with mental disorders over time, their spaces of exclusion and the Mental Health Policy in the country, going through the Psychiatric Reform to the current configuration, the so-called: Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS), (ordinance no. 3088/2011), legitimized by the Ministry of Health as a possibility of access and path for users in psychological distress and users of crack, alcohol and other drugs, to a network of multidisciplinary services and care in the community where they live.
 
Method: This is a bibliographic and documentary study of an exploratory, descriptive nature with a qualitative approach.
 
Results and Discussion: It points out possibilities for networking, based on comprehensive and intersectoral care for people with mental health problems. The article also discusses the difficulty that people with mental disorders have in moving around the city.
 
Implications of the research: It is stated that, given the current situation, Mental Health is facing difficulties in obtaining funding and in operationalizing the service network, a fact that calls us to signal commitments regarding work focused on caring for people with mental disorders.
 
Originality/Value: Networking, as well as this work, proposes, through investment in care technologies, to consider the possibility of strengthening public policies for Health for Mental Health.
Molecular detection of feline calicivirus (FCV) in cats with oral lesions
Authors: Saltık Hasbi Sait , Erdağı Zehra
Published: December 2024

Feline Calicivirus (FCV) is a major cause of oral lesions in cats with respiratory tract disease (RTD). FCV is a single-stranded, positive-polarity RNA virus that encodes three open reading frames (ORFs). Active virus excretion occurs through the saliva of cats infected with FCV, which belongs to the Vesivirus genus of the Caliciviridae family. Oral mucosal lesions caused by infectious agents in RTD lead to significant impairment in the quality of life of cats. RTD, which also affects the oral mucosa, is a common problem in cats. Ten cats of different ages, breeds, and genders with ocular lesions were used in this study. At the time of sample collection, the veterinarian performed general and oral examinations on each animal. On oral examination,varying degrees of gingivitis, stomatitis, and ulceration symptoms were noted. Samples were extracted using a commercial viral nucleic acid isolation kit. Three out of ten samples (30%) were found to be positive for FCV using RT-PCR. T In conclusion, the high sensitivity, specificity, and potential for field sample testing make RT-PCR a very important and inevitable method for research and clinical diagnosis related to FCV infection in cats with oral lesions.
Right aortic arch with megaesophagus in a jack russel dog and diagnosis with contrast fluoroscopy
Authors: Sirin Yusuf , Şirin Muhammed Yusuf , Çetin Mehmet Nur
Published: December 2024

The material of this case report was a 4-month-old Jack Russel female dog brought to Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Veterinary Faculty Animal Hospital with the complaint of vomiting. Anamnesis revealed that the patient had chronic vomiting, cough, and respiratory distress following food intake. As a result of examinations, it was determined that the patient had a congenital right aortic arch-type vascular ring anomaly and related megaesophagus. Treatment consisted of a surgical procedure followed by medical therapy. This case report demonstrated that fluoroscopy-guided contrast-enhanced angiography can be used to diagnose vascular ring anomaly.
Research on beliefs about animals in Balıkesir folklore
Authors: Yerlikaya Nigar
Published: December 2024

In the research, it was aimed to contribute to folklore research by identifying various beliefs about animals among the people in Balıkesir region. For this purpose, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 50 resource persons living in the region between January 1 and February 1, 2023, through the “information collection form” prepared for this purpose. The data obtained from the sources was evaluated with the “content analysis” technique. The study identified 144 folk beliefs about animals among the people. The findings obtained from the study were classified under six headings, namely,”beliefs about good luck and abundance “, “beliefs about bad luck”, “beliefs about the evil eye”, “religious beliefs”, “beliefs about illness and treatment, “ and “other beliefs”. As a result, in this study carried out in the Balıkesir region, rich folkloric practices were identified, and when compared with the studies conducted in other regions, it was determined that they have both similarities and differences Furthermore, it was found that people interact with animals in cultural and social settings and have integrated their beliefs into their everyday lives.
Dynamika marginesów. Procesy deperyferializacji literatur romańskich spoza Europy
Authors: Łukaszyk Ewa A.
Published: December 2024

Recenzja książki:  Centers and Peripheries in Romance Language Literatures in the Americas and Africa, red. P. Kyloušek, Leiden 2024, ss. 623.
Marmur i śmieci. O laureacie Prix Goncourt 2023 i jego nagrodzonej powieści
Authors: Chomiszczak Tomasz
Published: December 2024

Recenzja książki: J.-B. Andrea, Veiller sur elle, L’Iclonoclaste, Paris 2023; wyd. pol.: J.-B. Andrea, Czuwając nad nią, przeł. B. Geppert, Znak Koncept, Kraków 2024.
Physicochemical, Nutritional, Microbiological, Glycemic Index, and Sensory Evaluation of A Novel Plant-Based Beverage as Milk Alternative from Local Sweetpotato (var. VitAto)
Authors:   Malaysian Agricultural Research & Development Institute, Kasim Norzaleha
Published: December 2024

Environmental sustainability, health consciousness, and ethical considerations underpin the rising demand for Plant-Based Beverages as Milk Alternatives (PBMAs). The necessity to diversify PBMAs arises from the need for expanded options beyond allergen-based sources.
The Quality Characteristics of Different Fruit Juice Brands Consumed in Oman
Authors:   University Of Nizwa, Al-Farsi Mohamed
Published: December 2024

Evaluation of fruit juice quality is an important parameter in terms of consumer acceptability and international conformity standards. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the quality and sensory attributes of orange, mango, and apple juice brands consumed in Oman and to observe whether they meet the standard of compliance status and consumer satisfaction.
Effects of Diazinon on Biochemical and Histological of Liver Quail Birds (Coturnix sp.) Under Laboratory Conditions in Misurata City, Libya
Authors:   Misurata University, Mohamed Alhemmali Esmail
Published: December 2024

ontinuous exposure of living organisms to pesticides causes various diseases of the liver. It leads to effects on the enzymes involved in vital functions in both humans and animals. This study utilized the pesticide diazinon to investigate its oral dosing effects on certain biochemical and histological functions of the livers of local quail (Coturnix sp).
The Role of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Migraine Patients
Authors: Mahmood Lana Othman , Abdoulrahman Kamaran
Published: December 2024

This research aimed to explore the potential involvement of oxidative stress in the onset of migraines. The primary objective was to assess the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), which serves as an indicator of oxidative stress, as well as nitric oxide (NO), a marker for nitrosative stress, and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an indicator of endothelial dysfunction. Ninety (90) participants were recruited in this research work from the neurology department's outpatient headache clinic at Al Jumhury Teaching Hospital in Erbil city, the study consisted of (60) patients and (30) as controls. In the migraine group, there were (45) females and (15) males, while the control group was comprised of (20) females and (10) males with age and sex matching. The study was granted ethical approval by the Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) at the Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, on February 6th, 2022.The study showed that the migraine patients had significantly greater levels of MDA, NO and ADMA than the control group. Additionally, the number of headache days experienced per month by migraine patients was positively correlated with the serum concentrations of MDA, NO, and ADMA. Specifically, as the frequency of monthly headache days increased, levels of the oxidative stress markers MDA and NO, as well as the endothelial dysfunction marker ADMA, also tended to be higher.
The Role of Probiotics in Treating Echinococcosis in Mice
Authors: Sheet Arkan Saeed , Mohiemeed Abdulkhaliq Alwan , Ali Asmaa Abdulaziz
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the role of probiotics in treating echinococcosis, considering three time periods (3, 5, and 7 months) and three bacterial dilutions. Mice were injected subperitoneally before and after primary infection with the rudiments. Before infection, the mice were injected with the Pro-30Max probiotics twice, with 48 hours interval. On the fifth day, they were infected with protoscoleces, and after 48 hours they were treated with the bacteria. The injections continued every 72 hours for all periods. A decrease in the number and weight of hydatid cysts was recorded reaching the value of 0.00 mg. Whereas a decrease in the weight of the liver and spleen and their inflation factors were recorded after 7, 5 and 3 months. The lowest weight of the liver and spleen reached 1.2869 and 0.196 grams, and their lowest inflation factors were 36.106 and 7.118, respectively, when treated with a dilution of 18 × 108 compared with the control group. At the same dilution, the percentage reduction of hydatid cysts increased after 7 months, reaching 100% compared with the control group.
Study of Corrosion Inhibition for Some New Schiff Bases Synthesized from Quinazolinone Derivative
Authors: Mohammed Aseel Jassim , Al-Jeilawi Oday H. R.
Published: December 2024

In this work, new Schiff bases of quinazolinone derivatives (Q1-Q5) were synthesized from methyl anthranilate. The synthesis involved three steps. In the first step, methyl anthranilate was reacted with isothiocyanatobenzene, producing the thiourea derivative K1. The second step entailed reacting K1 with hydrazine hydrate, synthesizing 3-amino-2-(phenylamino) quinazolin-4(3H)-one (K2). The third step involved reaction of K2 with various aromatic aldehydes, yielding the Schiff bases derivatives Q1-Q5. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified by FT-IR,1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The newly synthesized derivatives (Q1-Q5) were subjected to rigorous evaluation to assess their efficacy as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in an acidic environment (1M HCl). Weight loss measurements were employed, and the concentration of the compounds was varied to gauge their performance at ambient temperature. Among the array of compounds tested, Q1 exhibited remarkable performance, particularly when employed at a concentration of 0.5 M. The corrosion inhibition properties of compound Q1 were evaluated. It exhibited excellent inhibition efficiency, reaching a peak of 93% according to the investigation. Further dynamic polarization analysis revealed some interesting relationships between inhibition efficiency, concentration, and temperature. Specifically, higher concentrations and lower temperatures led to enhanced inhibition by Q1.
The Impact of Fear and Anti-Predator Behavior on the Dynamics of Stage-Structure Prey–Predator Model With a Harvesting
Authors: Majeed Azhar Abbas
Published: December 2024

In this paper, an ecological model with stage-structure in prey population, fear, anti-predator and  harvesting are suggested. Lotka-Volterra  and Holling type II functional responses have been  assumed to describe the feeding processes . The local and global stability of steady points of this model  are  established. Finally, the global dynamics are studied numerically to investigate the influence of the parameters on the solutions of the system, especially the effect of fear and anti-predation.
Z-Small Monoform Modules
Authors: Abbas Muntaha Khudhair , Hadi Inaam Mohammed Ali
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a new proper generalization of small monoform modules, namely Z-Small monoform modules is introduced and studied. An R-module C is called Z-small monoform module (ZSM module; for short), if every non-zero partial endomorphism of C has Z-small kernel.
L_p (D) Approximation by Modified Complex Szasz- Mirakjan Operator
Authors: Lafta Mohammed Hadi , Bhaya Eman Samir
Published: December 2024

Many operators are introduced for the approximation of real functions, but little for the approximation of complex functions. These studies are for analytic functions. 
In this article, we define a new type of Szasz-Mirakjan operator. Then we estimate the degree of approximation using this modified complex Szasz-Mirakjan operators to integrable functions on compact disks along with a quantitative estimation. Using quantitative methods, we also obtain an upper estimate in the simultaneous approximation by  and exact degrees of approximation estimation for these operators' Stancu-type generalization.
Results on Multiplicative (Generalized) (α,β)-reverse Derivation on Prime Rings
Authors: Alhaidary Zahraa S. M. , Majeed Abdulrahman H.
Published: December 2024

Let ꭆ be a 2-torsion-free prime ring, U  be non-zero square closed Lie ideal of ꭆ, α and β  be automorphisms of ꭆ.A mapping Ϝ:ꭆ→ꭆ is called a multiplicative (generalized) (α,β)-reverse derivation if Ϝ(ab)=Ϝ(b)α(a)+β(b)d(a)  for all  a,b∈ꭆ where d: ꭆ → ꭆ is any map . The purpose of this paper, is to give some important results of multiplicative (generalized) (α,β)-reverse derivation on square closed Lie ideals Ϝ  that satisfying any one of the properties: (i) Ϝ(uv)±α(uv)=0, (ii) Ϝ(uv)±α(vu)=0,  (iii) Ϝ(u)Ϝ(v)±α(uv)=0, (iv) Ϝ(u)Ϝ(v)±α(vu)=0, (v) Ϝ(uv)=Ϝ(u)Ϝ(v), (vi) Ϝ(uv)=Ϝ(v)Ϝ(u)  and (vii) Ϝ[u,v]=0  for all u,v∈U.
Lossless Encoding Method Based on a Mathematical Model and Mapping Pixel Technique for Healthcare Applications
Authors: Noaman Salam Abdulkhaleq , Abed Basim Najim Al-din , Ahmed Ali Mohammed Saleh
Published: December 2024

The compression system typically comprises two fundamental categories: compression and decompression. Within the realm of compression, there exist two primary types: lossy compression and lossless compression. In this research, a novel lossless digital image encoding technique is presented. This method depends on performing a series of iterative mathematical transformations. The methodology of performing this method is similar to the process of performing the fractal compression algorithm, with an essential difference: the fractal pressure is classified as lossy compression, but this new method is lossless compression. It is well known that lossless compression methods produce higher-quality images than lossy methods, but they do not achieve as high a compression ratio as lossy methods. This research has overcome this problem. A high compression ratio has been obtained with images retrieved entirely according to the original (lossy). Lossless compression holds immense significance across a spectrum of applications, especially in critical domains such as healthcare, where the imperative is to retrieve images that are indistinguishable from the originals. ‎
Efficient Streamlined Online Arabic Web Page Classification Using Artificial Bee Colony Optimization
Authors: Dabjan Hamza , Kurdy Mohamad-Bassam
Published: December 2024

In the realm of online information retrieval, Arabic web content presents unique challenges due to the complexity of the Arabic language and the varying quality of available materials. These complexities often confound search engines, hindering precise web page classification. This research addresses these challenges with a streamlined approach to effective online Arabic web page classification. Our strategy involves two key components: First, we employ a comprehensive text mining approach to extract valuable insights from a corpus of documents. This begins with text extraction from the online web page after providing the URL and the removal of stop words to enhance data quality. Additionally, we leverage Natural Language Processing (NLP), specifically lemmatization, to normalize text and reduce linguistic variations, ensuring consistent and meaningful representation. To complete the text mining process, we use the Bag of Words (BoW) model to transform preprocessed text data into a numerical format, capturing word frequencies. Second, we harness the power of the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization algorithm, inspired by bees' foraging behavior, as a pivotal element in our decision-making process. This algorithm provides a robust framework for optimizing classification tasks. Empirical results affirm the effectiveness of our approach, achieving an impressive 95.349% accuracy rate. This advancement bridges the gap between the intricacies of the Arabic language and efficient web content organization, promising a more informative Arabic web landscape.
Enhanced DES Algorithm Using Efficient Classical Algorithm
Authors: Abdulmunem Inas Ali , Hoobi Mays M.
Published: December 2024

The privacy, confidentiality, and integrity of user information are very important concerns; therefore, cryptography is the solution to keep and satisfy these objectives. Encryption is the most important policy that is used to make transmitted messages have a high level of security and be so difficult to crack by attackers. The main aim of this research is divided into two parts: The aim of Part 1 is to obtain the highest level of complexity against the attacker by applying six classical cryptography algorithms to the same plain-text message. These six algorithms are Vigenère, Porta, Autokey, Beaufort, Trithemuis, and Gronsfeld. Also, in this part, several analysis tools are used to evaluate the performance of the six algorithms: entropy, histogram, and autocorrelation. Part 2 of this research aims to apply the results of Part 1 by using the best algorithm among these six algorithms (Vigenère) to improve the security level of the Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm by applying two experiments for two hybrid ciphering models. Each experiment has three cases. The first experiment included three cases: the first case included ciphering plain text by using only the Vigenère algorithm, the second case included ciphering plain text by using only the ECB DES algorithm, and the third case included multilevel ciphering plain text by using Vigenère and then ECB DES algorithms, while the second experiment for the second hybrid ciphering model included the same cases as the first experiment but applied CBC DES, another type of DES algorithm. The results of this research indicated different efficiency levels of six classical algorithms, and the Vigenère algorithm is the best and offers the highest level of complexity among the used algorithms. In addition, the Vigenère algorithm can be used to enhance the security level of cryptography algorithms and increase the complexity of cracking ciphertext when combined with another algorithm like the DES algorithm.
Bio Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of the Anticancer Activity of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles and Their Polyacetal Nanocomposite
Authors: Hadi Dalia J. , Younus Maha A.
Published: December 2024

This study synthesized polyacetal from the reaction of polyvinyl alcohol with para-nitrobenzaldehyde. Polyacetal/polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer blends were prepared using solution casting. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using onion peel extract as the reducing agent. Nanocomposites were fabricated by blending polyacetal/PVP with AuNPs and AgNPs at different ratios. XRD and FESEM characterized the AuNPs and AgNPs. FTIR, FESEM, TGA, and DSC characterized the polyacetal, polymer blends, and nanocomposites. DSC and TGA confirmed the improved thermal stability of the polymer blends and nanocomposites. Nanocomposites demonstrated higher efficacy in inhibiting lung cancer cell lines compared to the blends alone.
Land Cover Classification of Al-Jadriya Region in Baghdad Using Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Wadod Mohammed M. , Mohammed Faisel G.
Published: December 2024

Due to its commercial and economic significance and its adjacency to Iraq's largest university, the Al-Jadriya area in Baghdad holds vital importance. This region exhibits high population density, diverse land uses, and a wide range of land cover types. Therefore, accurately classifying the land features in this area is crucial to support decision-making and facilitate infrastructure development. This study aims to utilize remote sensing techniques and a high-resolution satellite image to classify the region. To achieve this, GIS and QGIS programs and a software package encompassing various classification methods were employed to accurately classify the features and determine the most practical classification methods for this data type. The results indicated that deep learning algorithms utilizing artificial intelligence were the most effective classification method; it achieved an 81.66% classification accuracy for the region, surpassing other techniques.
Using the Multi-Temporal Landsat Data for Detecting Land Cover Change in Nampula City, Mozambique
Authors: Vundo Augusto , Akhmetov Almaz , Ondiba Hesborn
Published: December 2024

The change in land cover eventually occurs as the population increases, resulting in high human activities. Monitoring this change can be beneficial for territorial planning and ecosystem monitoring. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the spatial-temporal patterns and rates of land cover change in Nampula City, Mozambique, over the past three decades (1989-2020). For this purpose, data from the Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-8 OLI / TIRS satellites were applied as input to two classification systems: (1) thresholding-NDVI and MNDWI and (2) supervised classification. The results showed that the supervised classification method performed better than the thresholding system, with an overall accuracy of 92.4% and a kappa coefficient of 0.89. Estimates pointed to a reduction of 0.04% in the water area and 20.3% in cultivated land. In contrast, barren rock and urban areas experienced an increase of 18.2%, while shrubs and grasslands showed a growth of 2.1% of their area. The results showed a considerable change over the study period and that the spatial dynamics of crop and barren rock and urban areas resulting from human interventions require special consideration. This study provides an opportunity for further studies on the spatial dynamics of land cover change in Nampula City, facilitating effective land management and sustainable development strategies in the region.
Relationship between Serum Level and Gene Expression of IL-18 in Recurrent Miscarriage Iraqi Women Infected with Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Fadhil Sabreen Hadi , Saheb Entsar Jabbar
Published: December 2024

Infectious toxoplasmosis, caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, is a prevalent zoonotic disease that affects humans and warm-blooded animals. Cytokines are a class of signaling molecules that are widely employed in cellular communication; cells produce them, and they have an impact on how other cells interact. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between serum levels and gene expression of interleukin18 in miscarried women with toxoplasmosis. A Total of 200 blood samples from patients and controls were collected from Baghdad, Iraq between November 2021 and March 2022 which were used to measure gene expression of IL-18 using real-time PCR. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the level of IL-18. The findings of this investigation showed that the IL-18 serum concentration elevated significantly in healthy pregnant women compared to women with recurrent miscarriage and toxoplasmosis, recurrent miscarriage without toxoplasmosis and healthy women. Also, women who had recurrent miscarriage with toxoplasmosis showed significant differences compared with women who had recurrent miscarriage as well as healthy women (p< 0.005). Additionally, significant differences between patient and control were revealed by gene expression data. Also, there was statistically positive correlation between toxoplasmosis and IL-18 gene expression in the patient group. The IL-18 gene expression provided sensitive and precise toxoplasmosis diagnosis. Summing everything it can be concluded that serum level and gene expression of IL-18 elevated in recurrent miscarriage women infected with toxoplasmosis in comparison with other studied groups. Thus, the expression of IL-18 gene could serve as an indicator for women with miscarriage and toxoplasmosis.
Allergen immunotherapy: How to stay current with USP 797 and practice guidelines
Authors: Petersen Maureen M.
Published: December 2024

Background: The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Chapter 797 provides critical standards for compounding sterile preparations to ensure patient safety and medication efficacy. The latest revision, effective November 1, 2023, introduces updates particularly relevant to the
compounding of allergenic extracts, which emphasizes stringent compliance measures. Objective: This article aims to review the key updates to USP Chapter 797, outline the compliance requirements for personnel and facilities, and offer strategies for staying current with
these practice guidelines, leveraging resources from professional organizations such as American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology and American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. Methods: An extensive review of the updated USP Chapter 797 guidelines was
conducted, along with supplementary research from professional resources and literature to provide a comprehensive overview of the new standards and best practices for compliance. Results: The updated USP Chapter 797 mandates comprehensive training and competency testing
for compounding personnel, facility maintenance and documentation standards, and robust quality assurance protocols to minimize contamination and ensure the efficacy of compounded allergenic extracts. Key requirements include enhanced personnel hygiene and garbing requirements, facility maintenance
protocols, and detailed documentation practices. Conclusion: Staying current with USP Chapter 797 and practice guidelines is crucial for allergists and immunotherapy practitioners to ensure high standards of patient care and safety. By understanding the key updates, complying
with personnel and facility requirements, leveraging professional resources, and adopting standardized practices, health-care providers can effectively navigate the evolving regulatory landscape. Continuous education and adherence to quality assurance protocols will further support compliance
and enhance patient outcomes in allergen immunotherapy.
Perioperative anaphylaxis manifesting as cardiac arrest during cardiac surgery
Authors: Jaroenpuntaruk Valerie , Volcheck Gerald W.
Published: December 2024

Perioperative anaphylaxis is a serious entity with high morbidity and mortality. Perioperative anaphylaxis can be caused by any of the multitude of medications and substances used in anesthesia and surgery, and the most common causes include neuromuscular blocking agents, antibiotics,
antiseptics, latex, and dyes. The differential diagnosis of perioperative anaphylaxis is wide from both an immunologic and a nonimmunologic standpoint. The majority of the intraoperative anaphylaxis reactions are thought to be immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated; however, other primary non‐IgE-mediated
mechanisms can also be present. Clinical manifestations can vary from mild cutaneous exanthema to cardiac arrest. Tryptase can be helpful in identifying perioperative anaphylaxis. In this article, we present the case of a 75-year-old man who had a cardiac arrest without skin symptoms perioperatively
during coronary artery bypass surgery. We describe the presentation, strategic evaluation, and subsequent management with recommendations for future surgery based on his evaluation and the identified culprit. Subsequent surgery was later completed. Understanding the clinical presentation,
key components of testing, and recommendations for future management of perioperative anaphylaxis are invaluable skills that the allergist can provide for the patient and the anesthesia and surgery teams.
Appraisal of the evidence linking hereditary α-tryptasemia with mast cell disorders, hypermobility and dysautonomia
Authors: Lyons Jonathan J.
Published: December 2024

Since its first description more than a decade ago, our understanding of the clinical impact of hereditary alpha-tryptasemia has continued to evolve. First considered to be a genetic disorder with a subset of patients having a syndromic presentation composed of connective tissue abnormalities,
symptoms of autonomic dysfunction, and findings of mast cell activation, we now know that hereditary alpha-tryptasemia is a common genetic trait and modifier of mast cell‐mediated reactions. More recent studies have shown some previously held associations with congenital hypermobility
and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) to be lacking, and illuminated previously unappreciated associations with clonal and nonclonal mast cell disorders. With the discovery of heterotetrameric tryptases and demonstration of their unique functional activities, the importance
of tryptase gene composition in general has begun to take focus. Hereditary alpha-tryptasemia exists at the end of a spectrum of alpha-tryptase expression and as a natural overexpression model of this protein, brought to the fore the potential of tryptase genotyping as a genetic biomarker
for anaphylaxis severity. These data and future studies hold the promise of enhancing our understanding of the role that tryptases play in health and disease.
Impacto del aprendizaje basado en juegos musicales: investigación-acción en un curso universitario para la formación de maestros en Educación Primaria en España
Authors: Rodríguez López Mauricio , Muñoz Muñoz Juan Rafael , Castellary López Macarena
Published: December 2024

Este estudio investiga la capacidad del juego musical para mejorar la motivación del alumnado de primer curso del Grado en Educación Primaria, dentro de la materia obligatoria de Didáctica de Música en Educación Primaria. Se evalúa el impacto de usar juegos musicales en el aprendizaje y la formación docente. La investigación se desarrolló en cuatro fases: preparación, implementación, evaluación y acción, durante tres semanas. Los 83 participantes respondieron a cuestionarios tipo Likert, fueron observados durante las actividades y participaron en debates grupales. Los resultados indican que, aunque el 60,2% de los participantes desconocía la metodología del aprendizaje basado en juegos, el 90,3% se sintió motivado tras participar en el proyecto. Se destaca que los juegos musicales no solo fomentaron la motivación, sino que también mejoraron la cooperación y las habilidades musicales. Este estudio enfatiza la importancia de integrar el juego como recurso pedagógico en la formación inicial de docentes.
Community Agriculture Management in the Gayo Highlands: Integration of Customary and Local Government Authorities
Authors: Latif Ikhwan Rahmatika , Saputra Ilham Mirza , Ikhsan Ikhsan , Hajad Vellayati
Published: December 2024

The research focuses on addressing the challenges associated concerning agricultural management in the Gayo Highlands community, specifically in the Aceh Tengah Regency. Both local village authorities and customary institutions are responsible for the use of the agricultural area. The main objective is to foster a collaborative and effective approach between these two entities, thus minimizing any potential overlap of responsibilities. The research aims to identify prudent measures that can be taken to enhance agricultural practices within the Gayo Highlands community while considering the influence and existence of both institutions within the broader framework of Aceh governance. A qualitative research methodology is employed, consisting of preliminary observations and analysis of authority structures. The researchers then suggested the implementation of wise policies to ensure sustainable agricultural management. Ultimately, the research endeavours to improve the quality of life for the Gayo Highlands community by establishing a solid foundation for agricultural development without disregarding the authorities of traditional and village governance
Recensión bibliográfica: Ana Mª. Pérez Vallejo.Discapacidad y responsabilidad por daños extracontractuales
Authors: Castro-Girona Martínez Almudena
Published: December 2024

La mayoría de la problemática que aborda este estudio viene referida a personas con dificultades para comprender y tomar decisiones, incluyendo la comprensión de las consecuencias de las conductas que realicen causando daño a terceros. Por lo que, a efectos de responsabilidad civil y penal habrá de repararse, necesariamente, pero sin etiquetas, en la discapacidad intelectual, que es diversa y de etiología múltiple.  Así, en materia de responsabilidad civil extracontractual, la capacidad de responder civilmente ha estado vinculada tradicionalmente y de forma directa con la capacidad de obrar.  Tras el cambio de paradigma y nuevo enfoque de la capacidad jurídica, la Ley 8/2021 de 2 de junio, opera una modificación en la materia, que merece ser objeto de atención. De ahí la oportunidad de la presente Monografía y las valiosas aportaciones que de ella se extraen.
Filosofia, praxis e libertação:
Authors: Souza Kledson Tiago Alves de
Published: December 2024

Em meio às comemorações dos 20 anos do curso de Filosofia da UERN/Caicó, o texto reflete sobre a atmosfera filosófica ali presente e propõe duas lentes de análise da realidade, que podem contribuir com a pluralidade no ensino de filosofia.
Development and Evaluation of Antifungal Gel from Garlic Powder
Authors: KB Erande . , NR Kayande
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Garlic has long been recognized for its antifungal properties, but could not find strong place in formulation and development due to the unstable nature of allicin, a sulfur-rich compound present in garlic, referred to as di-allyl thiosulfinate, plays a key role in inhibiting fungal growth. Objectives: Purpose of the study was to use microwave-processed garlic powder in formulation and development of multipurpose antifungal gel using carbopol as a gelling polymer. Materials and Methods: Antifungal Susceptibility testing was performed as per CLSI guidelines using processed garlic powder against Candida albicans (MTCC 277) and Malassezia furfur (MTCC No-1374) as prominent species involved in fungal infections of hair, skin and vagina. Carbopol 934 was used to develop and optimize the gel formulations. A skin irritation assessment was conducted using the HET-CAM test method. Results and Discussion: The antifungal activity of gel was observed for 24, 48, 72 hours and further observations were continued for seven days’ period and effective concentration was identified, wherein formulation prepared with 1% concentration of garlic powder was found to be prominently effective. The results from the HET-CAM test confirmed the non-irritating properties of the formulated product. In the positive control, coagulation occurred within 0.5 seconds of application, while no such reaction was observed with the developed antifungal gel formulation, indicating its lack of irritancy. Conclusion: The developed antifungal gel formulation using microwave-processed garlic powder was found to be stable and effective for longer with no skin irritation observed.
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Screening of Centella asiatica
Authors: P Mech , S Lakhawat S , G Sharma , M Kotecha , V Kumar , PK Sharma
Published: December 2024

Background and Objective: Centella asiatica is a perennial herbaceous plant that is commonly used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine. The purpose of this study was to investigate its phytochemical profile and pharmacognostic properties. Methods: Centella asiatica's strong phytochemical profile supports its potential as a pharmaceutical agent. A plant's potential for antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects is indicated by the presence of tannins, phenolic compounds, and saponins. Result: The results of several phytochemical and physicochemical investigations offer important new information about this plant's quality control criteria and prospective medical uses. Conclusion: Our findings support the plant's traditional applications for healing wounds, enhancing memory, and cleansing blood. Additional in vivo and clinical research is necessary to confirm these pharmacological effects and comprehend the underlying mechanisms of action.
Investigation of Pajanelia longifolia Leaf Extract for Antidiabetic Activity
Authors: . Sreelakshmi , PS Khandige , V Sadananda
Published: December 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a medical condition characterized by heightened levels of blood sugar, stemming from either inadequate production of insulin or an impaired response to insulin at the cellular level, whether due to a relative or absolute deficiency of the hormone. Traditional herbal remedies have a significant role in the treatment of DM. Pajanelia longifolia, known by the general population as Pajanelia or Tender wild jack has been a component of traditional herbal medicine in India and other Asian countries for the treatment of various ailments. The current research assessed the antidiabetic activity of Pajanelia longifolia leaf extract in streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, oral route) induced diabetic rats. The study utilized an in vivo streptozotocin induced diabetic model and an in vitro rat hemidiaphragm model for assessment of antidiabetic activity. Acute toxicity studies conducted on liposomes of Pajanelia longifolia leaf extract (2000 mg/kg body weight) proved the drug to be non-toxic. The effects of various doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) of extract were assessed. Glimepiride (2 mg/kg) and insulin (0.25 IU/ml) were used as the standard drugs for in vivo and in vitro studies, respectively. The decrease in blood glucose levels and the elevation of muscle and liver glycogen content in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin and the increased glucose uptake and glycogen content observed in in vitro rat hemidiaphragm technique proved that Pajanelia longifolia leaf extract has significant antidiabetic activity.
Evaluation of Hypo-glycemic and Anti-oxidant Potential of Caesalpinia sappan Leave in STZ Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: R Ahmed , G Jeyabalan , PK Goyal
Published: December 2024

In southern Asia, including India, Sri Lanka, and other countries, the stem bark, root, and leaves of Caesalpinia Sappan (Fabaceae) have been utilized in traditional medical systems to cure diabetes and numerous other illnesses. The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic potential of this valued plant's leaves and bark, however, has not yet been proven by science. The current study's objective is to assess the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Caesalpinia Sappan leaf ethanol extracts. Hydro-alcoholic extracts in dose 200mg/kg of Caesalpinia Sappan leaves (CSL) was evaluated for hypo-glycemic effect by In vitro α-amylase & α-glucosidase anti-diabetic potential similarly in vivo by using animals for 21 days in addition to the hypolipidemic potential in rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin.The α-amylase & α-glucosidase inhibition activity was enhanced with enhanced in the concentration of extract. On administration of CSL it restored the body and organs weight. Similarly When CSL extracts were given to diabetic animal as supplements; the levels of GlyHb and plasma glucose were recovered, while insulin, C-peptide, and Hb parameters increased. In the current investigation, MDA levels were shown to be elevated; however, these levels were considerably decreased on the addition of glibenclamide and the hydro-ethanolic extract of CSL.The presence of active principles in the extract and fractions could be the cause of the observed outcome. In comparison to glibenclemide, the usual medication, the results demonstrated the potential effects of Caesalpinia Sappan leaves extract as hypoglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic in a dose-dependent manner. Scientific evidence supports the traditional usage of this substance as an anti-diabetic.
Evaluation of In vitro Antacid Activity of Two Evolvulus Spp. and Formulation of a Novel Drug Delivery System Using the Crude Plant Powder
Authors: WPWD Welipitiya , HUV Hettiarachchi , TDMTS HKumara , KHS Madushani , NTB Dias , WJABN Jayasuriya , LDAM Arawwawala , TS Suresh
Published: December 2024

The study investigates the pharmacognosy and in vitro antacid activity of Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. and Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. plant species, that would be used in the formulation of a stable antacid dosage form. Pharmacognostic analyses, phytochemical screenings, and in vitro gastric acid-neutralising activity assay were performed on both of the species. Formulated E. alsinoides chewable granules were subjected to stability assessments under accelerated conditions. E. alsinoides and E. nummularius resulted in more fibres and more crystals in the respective powder samples. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of both plants produced positive results for common phytochemicals (e.g., flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, etc.), but cardiac glycosides were absent in aqueous extracts. Antacid activities of E. alsinoides and E. nummularius were statistically significant (p
UV Spectrophotometric Studies of Ashwagandha, Chamomile and Fever Few Flowers Oil: Method Development and Validation
Authors: BC Semwal , R Tiwari , G Tiwari . , KA Babu .
Published: December 2024

Using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry technique is a simple way to estimate or quantify any pharmacological compounds. Present research focused on development and validation of UV-visible method for feverfew (FFW), chamomile (CMM), and ashwagandha (AGA) flower oils. This method was also applied in conjunction with the UV spectrophotometric analysis of AGA, CMM, and FFW. Method validation parameters revealed that specificity, accuracy, linearity, precision and robustness met the acceptance criteria of ICH standards. It was concluded that developed. UV spectroscopic method proved to be sufficiently precise, robust, linear, and accurate for routine analysis of AGA, CMM, and FFW in polyherbal formulations.