bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelos educativos empleados por el profesorado universitario de la Facultad de Educación: centrados en el estudiante vs. centrados en el docente
Authors: López-Maldonado Diana , García González Alfonso Javier
Published: December 2021

Las investigaciones actuales sobre las orientaciones docentes del profesorado, refieren dos modelos: el modelo centrado en el profesor y el modelo centrado en el alumno. En este estudio se analiza la orientación docente hacia estos dos modelos por parte del profesorado universitario. En base a este objetivo se propusieron tres hipótesis que hacen referencia a la tendencia del profesorado hacia un modelo u otro dependiendo de las variables sexo, formación previa y años de experiencia laboral. Este estudio fue realizado con 95 docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Sevilla, mediante un sistema de muestreo intencional por accesibilidad. Para el análisis de los datos se ha utilizado el Alfa de Cronbach, estadísticos descriptivos de cada una de las variables y de la predominancia de cada modelo, prueba de Levene y prueba t para variables independientes. El instrumento utilizado para la recogida de datos ha sido una adaptación al formato online del “Cuestionario para el Análisis de la Orientación Docente del Profesor Universitario” (Feixas, 2006). Los resultados muestran que no existe una tendencia significativa hacia ninguno de los dos modelos, en base a las variables sexo, formación psicopedagógica y años de experiencia docente universitaria, ni tampoco hacia un modelo de enseñanza u otro. Se concluye que el profesorado participante utiliza competencias docentes, tanto de un modelo como del otro, sin encontrarse diferencias de género, años de experiencia docente o formación previa.
Los sistemas de evaluación docente y su impacto en el profesorado universitario. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Mula-Falcón Javier , Cruz-González Cristina , Caballero Katia
Published: December 2021

En las últimas décadas, la Educación Superior se ha visto sometida a una paulatina, pero progresiva transformación a nivel mundial. La globalización ha impulsado mecanismos de convergencia entre estados para alcanzar estándares comunes en la Educación Superior; entre ellos, aquellos que buscan garantizar la calidad de la docencia universitaria. El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar los estudios más recientes realizados sobre el impacto que los nuevos sistemas de evaluación docente generan en el profesorado universitario. Para tal fin, se ha desarrollado una revisión sistemática de la literatura en la que se han empleado tres bases de datos diferentes (Wos, Scopus y ERIC). Tras la búsqueda y aplicación de los criterios de inclusión/exclusión se seleccionaron un total de 15 documentos que fueron sometidos tanto a un análisis temático como de sus características. Entre los resultados más destacados, se observa el desarrollo de identidades académicas fragmentadas que impactan en las labores y en el bienestar del profesorado. También, la presencia de opiniones contradictorias sobre la evaluación docente. Asimismo, se mencionan posibles alternativas sobre los sistemas de evaluación docente. Para concluir, se subrayan una serie de futuras líneas de investigación como la consideración de muestras más variadas que permitan comparaciones más detalladas entre diversas variables, el desarrollo de estudios de corte longitudinal, y el fomento de alternativas que busquen la mejora de los actuales sistemas de evaluación.
Valoración del profesorado en Ciencias de la Salud
Authors: Fenoll-Brunet Rosa María
Published: December 2021

Los profesores de ciencias de la salud son fundamentales para garantizar la salud de la población y la formación continuamente actualizada de los profesionales sanitarios. Sin embargo, en algunos países, el profesorado clínico asume individualmente la responsabilidad docente en base a su competencia profesional, sin existir una formación pedagógica reglada para docentes clínicos, específica y reconocida en la carrera profesional de las profesiones sanitarias.Este manuscrito resume el contexto educativo de las profesiones sanitarias, ¿Qué desafíos afrontan los profesores de ciencias de la salud?, ¿Qué competencias docentes deben tener?, ¿Cómo se convierten los profesionales sanitarios en profesores?, ¿Cómo se puede valorar al profesorado de ciencias de la salud?, ¿Cómo se puede promover la innovación y la excelencia en la enseñanza médica, dental y veterinaria?Compartir experiencias y modelos existentes a nivel internacional podría ser de utilidad para dar a conocer cómo algunos países han implementado y reconocen la trayectoria profesional docente de sus profesionales sanitarios y cómo regulan integralmente las enseñanzas de las ciencias de la salud a lo largo de toda la vida, desde la formación básica hasta la de postgrado y desarrollo profesional continuo. El objetivo de este manuscrito es aportar una visión integral de la docencia en el ámbito de las ciencias de la salud, algunas reflexiones y una selección de referencias de interés.“La salud es uno de los desafíos mundiales por ello la formación de profesorado en ciencias de la salud debería considerarse una prioridad para cualquier país”
Adoption of Virtual Reality in Construction Projects
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, 625015 Tamil Nadu, India., Selvaprasanth P. , Karthigaipriya T. ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, 625015 Tamil Nadu, India., John J. ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, 625015 Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: December 2021

In recent years, virtual reality has emerged in various fields such as manufacturing sectors, construction sectors etc. Virtual reality technology has a wide variety of applications in various fields. Several applications of VR in construction sector are design review and support, construction support, operations and management, safety training, stakeholder management. Recent researches had shown that VR can also be used widely in decision making process. Despite the various applications of VR in construction sectors, the adoption level of the VR technology is comparatively very low. This study aims to identify the factors that are preventing the adoption of virtual reality in construction projects. The factors are identified through a wide review of literature survey and analysed by means of questionnaire survey with statistical methods. The factors are ranked through the analysis and the most affecting factors are found out. The findings of this study show that requirements of specialized high processing equipment, high investment in VR, lack of awareness about the technology, lack of client’s interest, limited finance of the organizations, existence of champions using VR are the most preventing factors for the adoption of VR in construction projects. To mitigate these issues, several possible mitigation measures has been suggested in this study.
Insomnia: Therapy and Role of neurotransmitters
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Professional and Advanced Studies, Cheruvandoor, Ettumanoor, Kottayam 686631., Joseph Litty , O.R Saneha. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Professional and Advanced Studies, Cheruvandoor, Ettumanoor, Kottayam 686631., Ravi Chinchu ,   East point college of pharmacy, Jnana Pranha, Virgo Nagar post, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560049.
Published: December 2021

Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders which affects 30-40 percent of the adult population. The present article provides a combined review on prevalence, categories of insomnia, pathophysiology, role of neurotransmitter on sleep and different types of therapies for insomnia. From this review it was estimated that hormones like melatonin, cortisol, and others produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulate the sleep-wake cycle. Disturbance of this cycle leads to insomnia. Furthermore, Neurotransmitter like GABA-Lglutamic acid, Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Serotonin, Steroids, Orexin, and Adenosine plays a major role in sleep regulation. Any alteration or disturbance in the neurotransmitter level affects sleep. It was concluded that Mechanism of action of almost all natural and synthetic derived drugs in regulation of neurotransmitters.
Novella XVII in the Light of Lex Iulia de Maiestate: Hilarius of Arles Case Study
Authors: Saracyn Wiktoria
Published: December 2021

The main focus of this paper is an analysis of Novella XVII issued by Valentinian III, with the aim of giving a general idea on the religious policy of the Emperors Theodosius II and Valentinian III. The edict titled De episcoporum ordinatione is a great example of a legislative act falling between ius sacrum and ius publicum. It shows a rather extraordinary imperial intervention provoked by a conflict between Pope Leo and Hilary, bishop of Arles. The latter was accused of various ignoble deeds which corresponded with some of the definitions of crime as described in Lex Iulia de Maiestate from the 1st century BC. Other deeds that Hilary was accused of, however, cannot really be understood as a public offence aimed at the Emperor or the State. Under the influence of Leo, Valentinian officially acknowledged the preeminence of the Church of Rome in the Western Empire, giving grounds for further emanation of the papal power.
Legal Aspects of the Role of the Corrector of the Clergyin the Early Fifteenth-Century Diocese of Prague
Authors: Ondrášková Veronika
Published: December 2021

The paper focuses on the institution of the Corrector of the Clergy within the Diocese of Prague. This ecclesial administrative representative was a criminal judge who also oversaw the moral conduct of the clergy. The paper compares legal rules set by the Church for the clergy through synodical statutes and an actual enforcement of these duties by the Corrector. The paper analyses the judicial book covering the period from 1407 to 1410, examining the judge’s approach to moral delicts (breach of celibate, etc.), which constituted the majority of the cases. Emphasis is given on the prescribed punishments.
Kraniovertebral Bileşke Kemiklerinin Morfometrik Özellikleri
Authors: İNCE Merve Sevgi , AYTAÇ Güneş , BARÇ Esma Deniz , BEKTAŞ Yener , ERKMAN Ahmet Cem , KÜÇÜK BİÇER Burcu , GÖZİL Rabet
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The craniovertebral junction comprises the occipital bone, atlas, axis and supporting ligaments. Surgical interventions for treatment of instability, require knowledge of morphometric properties of this area. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate adult dried human skulls to analyze morphometric features of the bones that joined the craniovertebral junction. Materials and Methods: Morphometric analysis was performed on dry bones which found in the excavations. 9 occipital bone, 18 atlas and 16 axis were measured. Differences between measurements were determined using t-tests and were considered significant at p<0.05. Results: The distance between both tips of the transverse processes (p<0.001), the distance between both outermost edges of the transverse foramen (p=0.011), the distance between both innermost edges of the transverse foramen (p=0.013), the maximum transverse diamater of the vertebral canal (p=0.014), the maximum anteroposterior diameter of the vertebral canal (p=0.014) and the width of the inferior articular facet (left p<0.001 and right p=0.005) were found significantly shorter in females atlases. The width of the dens axis (p<0.001), the height of the corpus axis (p=0.034), the distance from lateral most edge of the transvers process to midline (left p=0.049), the length of the inferior articular facet (left p=0.004, right p=0.005), the width of the superior articular facet (right p=0.007) were found significantly shorter in females axises. Conclusion: Morphometric analysis is very important in the development and improvement of surgical techniques. In this context, the results of our study can contribute to developments in this area. Keywords: Atlas, axis, occipital bone, craniovertebral junction
Hastanede Yatan COVID-19 Tanılı Hastalarda Görülen Nörolojik Semptomlar ve Hastalık Şiddeti ile İlişkisi
Authors: GENÇLER Onur Serdar
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread rapidly all over the world, causing a pandemic. Neurological findings have also been reported in patients since the beginning of the pandemic. Recent data suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has both neurotropic and neurovirulent effects. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of neurological findings in hospitalized patients with the diagnosis of COVID-19 and the relationship of these findings with the severity of COVID-19. Material and Methods: Patients, positive for SARS-CoV-2 and had an indication of hospitalization were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, systemic symptoms, laboratory values and computed chest tomography findings of the patients were recorded. Neurological findings of the patients were evaluated by an experienced neurologist, and the relationship between these findings and the disease severity was analyzed. Results: The median age of 66 patients (33 females, 33 males) included in the study was 34.5. Of the patients, 33 (50%) had mild, 28 (42.4%) had moderate, 5 (7.6%) had severe COVID-19. The most common symptom was fever (48.5%). At least one neurologic symptom was detected in 43 patients (65.2%). Dysgeusia (27.3%), hyposmia-anosmia (27.3%), headache (25.8%) and muscle pain (24.2%) were the most common neurological symptoms. Among mild COVID-19 patients, individuals with neurological symptoms had longer hospitalization periods, than the patients without neurological symptoms (p=0.017). Conclusion: Neurological symptoms were observed in the majority of patients with COVID-19 in this study. Besides this study revealed that neurological symptoms may occur not only in aged intensive care patients with COVID-19, but also in young patients, with mild COVID-19. Therefore the hospitalization period may be prolonged in this patient group. In conclusion, regardless of its severity, physicians should keep in mind that COVID-19 may be a potential risk factor for neurological disorders. Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, neurological symptoms, nervous system invasion
Effect of Some Drugs on the Viability of the Protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus (Batch, 1876) in Vitro
Authors: Sadek Afrah
Published: December 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a number of drugs on the viability of primary protoscolices isolated from sheep infected with the larval stage of E. granulosus. These drugs included Oxfendazole (OFZ) at a concentration of 0.05 mg/ml, mixed with Praziquantel (PZQ) at a concentration of 4 mg/ml and Albendazole (ABZ) at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. The results showed that OFZ was the most effective in influencing the viability of the protoscolices. The percentage of killing after five minutes of treatment was 85.63% and it was 17.21%, 15.10% and 13.09% for OFZ+ABZ, OFZ+PZQ and ABZ+PZQ, respectively. After 30 minutes, the killing percentage was 99.04%, 71.63%, 40.19% and 31.09%, respectively. The percentage of killing reached 100% after 35 minutes, 40 minutes, 2 hours and 3 hours, respectively. The results confirm the use of OFZ as a lethal drug, or a viability-suppressant for protoscolices in the future, after conducting more researches to know the side effects of this drug in laboratory animals for access to the best treatment to those infected with hydatid cysts.
Noise Pollution Monitoring at Some Indoor Environments in Basrah City, Iraq
Authors: Qzae Inaam
Published: December 2021

Noise is an unavoidable stressor nowadays; it adversely affects human health and the ability to perform mental and complex tasks. Eight selected points representing home environment were sampled in urban zones, the indoor and outdoor noise levels in these residential areas were evaluated during the summer and winter seasons. Also, nine points in educational institute represented by the College of Science through its lecture halls, laboratories and corridors, to compare them with WHO limits of sound pressure levels, to assess the level of noise experienced by people in indoor closed environments. The current study results showed higher sound levels than required inside homes and educational places. For homes, the highest sound level was 73.9 dB during summer in the living room and the lowest was 42.1 in winter in the bedroom, while the highest sound level in the educational environment was 72.37 dB in summer and the lowest was 61.75 dB in winter. Exposure of individuals to high levels of noise in educational institutions and in their homes means longer hours of exposure to noise pollution, which will negatively affect their health. Thus there is a serious need nowadays to adopt suitable control to reduce noise pollution at indoor points.
Failure and Improvement in Elementary Engineering
Authors: Johnson Matthew , Kelly Gregory , Cunningham Christine
Published: December 2021

Recent science education reform documents in the United States have called for teachers to teach content related to engineering and science and to do so by engaging students in disciplinary practices. One important practice of engineering is improving from failure. Thus, students should experience productive failure as part of engineering design activities. However, engineering is a new subject for most elementary teachers. Historically failure has had negative connotations in elementary and precollege classrooms. To scaffold students through failure as they learn from and improve engineering designs, teachers will need to understand failure and pedagogical strategies for managing it. This study uses discourse analysis of video from eight elementary classes engaged in engineering to examine the nature of failure in engineering design projects. It also investigates how the collective actions of students and teachers support or constrain the process of improvement from engineering design failure. From these data, we propose a model of improvement through failure. This includes a classification of types and causes failure as well as facilitating conditions that must be present for improvement. We explore three features of engineering and three features of classroom cultures that contribute to learning to engage in productive failure.
Estudio fitosociológico y evaluación del banco de malezas del suelo en tres fincas maiceras del Estado Portuguesa, Venezuela
Authors: Torres Sandra , Ortiz Aída
Published: December 2021

Los estudios fitosociológicos (EF) y bancos de semillas de malezas del suelo (BSMS) son una herramienta para el manejo de las malezas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar un EF y evaluar el BSMS en tres fincas maiceras del estado Portuguesa, Venezuela, determinándose el índice de valor de importancia (IVI) y plántulas por superficie. Se encontraron diferencias entre la composición florística entre fincas y estudios realizados, detectándose un mayor número de especies en el EF. Las especies con mayor IVI en la finca 1 fueron Ludwigia decurrens Walter, Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Euphorbia heterophylla L. y Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell., mientras que en el BSMS las de más altas densidades fueron Torenia crustacea (L.) Cham. & Schltd., L. decurrens y Cyperus esculentus L., con 1809,95; 434,39 y 253,39 plántulas∙m-2, respectivamente. En la finca 2, Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W.D. Clayton, E. prostrata, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn y Helianthus annuus L. tuvieron los más altos IVI, y en el BSMS las especies T. crustaceae, Ammannia latifolia L. y L. decurrens las densidades más altas (389,14; 181,00 y 126,70 plántulas∙m-2, respectivamente). En la finca 3, las malezas con mayores IVI fueron Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan, Cyperus rotundus L. y E. indica, y el BSMS estuvo conformado principalmente por C. rotundus y E. indica con 687,78 y 171,95 plántulas∙m-2, respectivamente. En total, en los dos estudios se registraron 32 especies de malezas en 21 familias botánicas.
Evaluación de dosis, periodos de aplicación y residualidad de paclobutrazol en tomate
Authors: Juárez-Rodríguez Lucia , Pérez-Grajales Mario , Castro-Brindis Rogelio , Segura-Miranda Antonio , Magaña-Lira Natanael , Magdaleno-Villar J. Jesús
Published: December 2021

El Paclobutrazol (PBZ) es el retardante de crecimiento más utilizado en la manipulación química del crecimiento y desarrollo de plantas hortícolas. Se estudió el efecto de aplicaciones foliares de paclobutrazol en distintas dosis e intervalos de aplicación sobre el crecimiento vegetativo, rendimiento, calidad fisicoquímica y residualidad en frutos de tomate Saladette (Solanum lycopersicum L.), en un ciclo largo de producción en invernadero. El experimento se realizó en 2019 en Chiconcuac, estado de México. Se evaluaron 13 tratamientos de la combinación de tres dosis de PBZ (35, 50 y 65 mg·L-1) y cuatro intervalos de aplicación (30, 40, 50 y 60 días), más un control absoluto. El diseño experimental fue de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones y seis plantas como unidad experimental. Se cuantificaron variables morfológicas, de rendimiento, calidad fisicoquímica y residuos de PBZ en frutos. Los resultados mostraron que la aplicación de 50 mg·L-1 de PBZ cada 40 días incrementó significativamente (P≤0,05) el rendimiento de frutos por planta; en contraste, disminuyó la altura y el área foliar de la planta, sin afectar el peso seco y firmeza del fruto. Se detectaron residuos de PBZ en la epidermis de frutos que rebasaron los límites máximos de residuos (LMR) permitidos según la Unión Europea y Japón; existió una degradación constante del producto con el tiempo, pero la misma no alcanzó el 50 % 14 días después de su aplicación. Se encontró que el lavado de frutos con agua simple o detergente eliminó casi la totalidad de los residuos adheridos en la epidermis del fruto y no hubo residuos en el interior.
Management of patients with herpes-associated recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis
Authors: Kovaleva A. V. , Kovalev E. V. , Arestova I. M.
Published: December 2021

Objective. To develop a diagnostic algorithm, a rational method of treatment, and principles of preconception care in women with herpes-associated recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC).

Materials and methods. We examined 68 patients with herpes-associated RVVC and 20 gynecologically healthy women.

Results. It has been found that in RVVC it is necessary to study vaginal swab culture with the determination of the microorganism and its biofilm-forming ability in combination with viral DNA detection by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in vaginal secretion, determination of the IgG titer to the herpes simplex virus (HSV), the avidity index to HSV I and II. In the presence of laboratory-confirmed RVVC and HSV infection, it is necessary to assume the presence of an atypical course of HSV infection followed by complex antiviral and antimycotic therapy.

Conclusion. The use of the developed algorithm of diagnostic and treatment interventions as preconception care makes it possible to address symptoms, reduce relapse rates and extend a non-relapse interval, prepare women with the mixed-infection for favorable pregnancy outcomes.
An Assessment of Urban Expansion Impacts on Land Transformation of Rajpur-Sonarpur Municipality
Authors: HALDER BIJAY , Haghbin Masoud , Farooque Aitazaz Ahsan
Published: December 2021

Urban expansion, population pressure, and increasing industrialization are influenced the world's natural environment, increased climate change, and global warming. Land use and land cover (LULC) changes are occurring due to anthropogenic activities and the results are land transformation, thermal variation, heat stress, and massive vegetation loss, which is increased oxygen deficiency and air pollution. Remote sensing-based Landsat TM and OLI/TIRS data were used to identify the land transformation and the effect of urbanization in Rajpur-Sonarpur Municipality in the years 2000 and 2020. The Built-up land was increased due to anthropogenic activities and around 12.16% area has been increased. Similarly, the agricultural land has been increased by 2.10 km2 area and vegetation area has been decreased around 6.52 km2 in the study area. The vegetation degradation areas were located in the South, South-west, and central parts of this study area. Correspondingly, North, North-west and central parts have a noticeable amount of built-up area developed. During twenty years, 6.97°C temperature was increased due to urban expansion, population pressure, transportation accessibility, and other urban amenities. The overall accuracies of classification maps were 96.25% and 91.64 % and the kappa coefficients were 0.95 and 0.89 respectively.
Türkiye’deki Ulaşımda Enerji Talebinin Sağlam İstatistiksel Yöntemler İle Araştırılması
Authors: GÜNDOĞAN AŞIK Ebru
Published: December 2021

Toplumların nüfuslarının ve kalkınma düzeylerinin artması buna bağlı olarak, taşıt sayılarının ve seyahat eden kişi sayılarının da artmasıyla, dünyadaki enerji talebi de artmaktadır. Türkiye’nin enerji kaynaklarının sınırlı olması sebebiyle, sürekli artan enerji talebini ve tüketimini karşılaması gerekmektedir. Türkiye, petrol ve sıvı yakıt ithalatı ile enerji talebini ve tüketimini karşılamaktadır. Enerji ile ilgili talep ve tüketim modellerinin kurulması önemli bir adım olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, regresyon analizi tekniği yaklaşımlarından olan sağlam regresyon analiziyle, Türkiye’nin ulaşıma enerji talebi değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm yöntemler içinde, en iyi yöntemin Kantil regresyonu 0.50 olduğu belirlenmiştir. EKK yöntemine göre, Ton-Km, Araç-Km, Yolcu-Km ve Petrol fiyatı değişkenlerinin ulaşım enerjisini açıklama oranının %85,6 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kantil regresyonu 0.50 yöntemi uygulandığında, Ton-Km, Araç-Km, Yolcu-Km ve Petrol fiyatı değişkenlerinin ulaşım enerjisini açıklama oranının %90,5 olduğu görülmektedir.
LİKERT TİPİ ÖLÇEKLERDE KATILIM DÜZEYİ SAYISINDAKİ DEĞİŞİKLİĞİN PSİKOMETRİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÖZKAN Rüya , BİNDAK Recep
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada Likert tipi bir ölçekte katılım düzeyindeki değişimin ölçeğin bazı betimsel ve psikometrik özellikleri üzerindeki etkisininin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla geçerliliği ve güvenirliği önceden kanıtlanmış olan Okul Tükenmişlik Ölçeği’nin dört farklı formu veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Orijinali 5 dereceli Likert tipinde 9 maddeden oluşan okul tükenmişlik ölçeğinin 2 li, 5 li, 7 li ve 11 li olmak üzere yeniden düzenlenmiş formları, birer hafta arayla aynı öğrencilere uygulanmıştır. Çalışma grubu Kütahya ilinde merkez ortaokullarından birinde 5., 6. ve 7. Sınıfa devam eden toplam 113 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Okul tükenmişlik ölçeğinin tüm formları yüksek puan yüksek tükenmişliği gösterecek şekilde puanlanmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre katılım düzeyi arrtıkça iç tutarlılık güvenirlik katsayısı da artmaktadır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizinde ilk faktörün açıkladığı varyans oranı en yüksek ölçek formu 7’li formdur. Doğrulayıcı faktör analzinde en iyi uyum indeksleri 11’li formda elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak 11’li katılım düzeyinin ortaokul seviyesindeki öğrenciler için daha optimal düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür.
DEMOKRASİ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÖZ Derya
Published: December 2021

Ekonomik büyüme kavramı ülkeler için oldukça önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bir ülkenin gelişmişliği söz konusu olduğunda, o ülkenin ekonomik yapısı da incelenen unsurlar arasındadır. Ülkelere ilişkin gelişmişlik düzeyleri belirlenirken ekonomik yapı dışında bazı demografik, coğrafik, sosyal ve kültürel alanlardaki gelişmelerin de etkisi vardır. Demokrasi de ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyinde etkili olan etmenler arasındadır.Bir ülkede politik hakların ve sivil özgürlüklerin yani demokrasinin varlığının, ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyi üzerinde etkili olup olmadığı literatürde birçok çalışmada konu olarak ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmaların bazılarında demokrasinin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu görülürken, bazılarında da olumsuz yönde etkisi olduğu ileri sürülmüştür. Bunlara ek olarak bazı çalışmalarda da ülkelerin ekonomik büyümesinde demokrasinin etkisinin nötr olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada Türkiye’de demokrasi (DEM) ile büyüme (GDP) arasındaki ilişki incelenmekte ve Freedom House indeksi için 1972-2018 dönemi, Polity IV indeksi için de 1965-2018 arasındaki dönemi kapsayan yıllık veriler kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ülkelerin demokrasi düzeylerini gözlemlemekte yardımcı olan Freedom House ve Polity IV demokrasi indeksleri kullanılmaktadır. Türkiye’nin büyüme değerini göstermek için ise GDP değişkeni kullanılacaktır. Bu modelin bilgisayar uygulaması için E-views 10.0 programı ile çalışılmıştır.Bu çalışmada demokrasi ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin nedensellik boyutunu incelemek için Toda ve Yamamoto tarafından 1995 yılında geliştirilen Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testi tercih edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, ülkelerin demokrasi düzeylerinin ölçülmesine ilişkin olarak kullanılan Polity IV ve Freedom House indekslerinin, ekonomik büyüme üzerinde herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla Türkiye için ele alınan dönemlerde Freedom House ve Polity IV indeksleri ile ekonomik büyüme arasında bir ilişki bulunamamış ve literatürde yer alan şüpheci yaklaşımı destekleyici sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.
ÜLKELERİN COVİD-19 PANDEMİSİNE KARŞI MÜCADELESİNİN CRITIC TABANLI MABAC YÖNTEMİYLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ORHAN Mehmet , MUTLU Hakan Tahiri
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin de içerisinde bulunduğu Covid-19 vaka sayısının 1 milyon ve üzeri olduğu 30 ülkenin (Almanya, Rusya, Şili, Belçika, Arjantin, İsveç, Fransa, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Kanada, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, İspanya, Japonya, Hollanda, Ukrayna, Türkiye, Malezya, Birleşik Krallık, İtalya, Kolombiya, Irak, İran, Polonya, Brezilya, Güney Afrika, Filipinler, Hindistan, Pakistan, Meksika, Endonezya ve Bangladeş) Covid 19 ile mücadelede performanslarının göreli olarak kıyaslanması ve performanslarına göre sıralanmasıdır. Çalışmada öncelikle literatür taraması yapılarak sıralamada dikkate alınacak/analizlerde kullanılacak kritereler belirlenmiştir. Değişkenlere ilişkin veriler Dünya sağlık örgütü (DSO), Dünya Bankası (DB, WB, WORLDBANK) ve Worldometers tarafından düzenli olarak yayınlanan raporlarından derlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada ülkelerin Covid 19 ile mücadelede performanslarının değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan kriterlerin CRITIC yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; Covid 19 ile mücadelede performansları bakımından değerlendirilen ülkelerin sıralaması Almanya, Rusya, Şili, Belçika, Arjantin, İsveç, Fransa, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Kanada, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, İspanya, Japonya, Hollanda, Ukrayna, Türkiye, Malezya, Birleşik Krallık, İtalya, Kolombiya, Irak, İran, Polonya, Brezilya, Güney Afrika, Filipinler, Hindistan, Pakistan, Meksika, Endonezya ve Bangladeş şeklindedir.
Multivariate analysis of images in spectrophotometric methods: Quantification of soil organic matter
Authors: Morais Pedro Augusto de Oliveira , Souza Diego Mendesde , Madari Beata Emoke
Published: December 2021

Soil organic matter (SOM) is usually quantified by Walkley-Black titration method or using a spectrophotometric method. This study proposes an alternative method for quantification of SOM using digital image from scanner and mathematical algorithms to replace titration and spectrophotometry procedures. For this, after SOM oxidation by potassium dichromate, digital images were acquired. Posteriorly, extraction of RGB color histograms from images have occurred, followed by the use of multivariate calibration method: partial least squares (PLS). Six soil samples were analyzed. We used the Walkley-Black method as reference. SOM was estimated by images using the PLS tool. The new method, besides being a fast, low cost, and more operational alternative, presented statistically equal results in relation to the reference method, as assessed by the Student t-test and F-test at 95 % confidence.
Synthesis, crystal structure, DFT studies, and Hirshfeld surface analysis of N,N'-bis(3-quinolyl-methylene)diphenylethanedione dihydrazone
Authors: Patra Goutam Kumar , Manna Amit Kumar , De Dinesh
Published: December 2021

The synthesis, characterization, and theoretical studies of a novel hydrazine, N,N’-bis-(3-quinolylmethylene)diphenylethanedione dihydrazone (1) has been reported. The molecular structure has been characterized by room-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction which reveals that two quinoline moieties are disposed nearly perpendicularly around the central C-C bond giving a ‘L’ shape of the molecule. This particular geometry gives rise to the hydrogen-bonded supramolecular rectangle of two self-complementary molecules. These supramolecular units are further assembled by π-π interaction. The Hirshfeld surface analysis of compound 1 shows that C···C, C···H, H···H, and N···H interactions of 13.1, 9.9, 52.3, and 7.4%, respectively, which exposed that the main intermolecular interactions were H···H intermolecular interactions. Crystal data for C34H24N6: Triclinic, space group P-1 (no. 2), a = 10.885(3) Å, b = 11.134(3) Å, c = 12.870(3) Å, α = 90.122(6)°, β = 114.141(6)°, γ = 110.277(5)°, V = 1316.1(6) Å3, Z = 2, T = 100(2) K, μ(MoKα) = 0.080 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.304 g/cm3, 7309 reflections measured (3.518° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 39.276°), 2318 unique (Rint = 0.0527, Rsigma = 0.0565) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0416 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.1074 (all data).
Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and DFT studies of N-(2-chlorophenylcarbamothioyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide
Authors: Ozer Cemal Koray , Solmaz Ummuhan , Arslan Hakan
Published: December 2021

N-(2-Chlorophenylcarbamothioyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide was characterized by a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. Crystal data for this compound, C14H17ClN2OS; Monoclinic, space group P21/n with Z = 4, a = 5.2385(10) Å, b = 17.902(4) Å, c = 15.021(3) Å, β = 90.86(3)°, V = 1408.5(5) Å3, T = 153(2) K, μ(MoKα) = 0.413 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.400 g/cm3, 9840 reflections measured (7.082° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 50.378°), 2519 unique (Rint = 0.0406, Rsigma = 0.0335) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0397 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.0887 (all data). The puckering parameters (q2 = 0.019(3) Å, q3 = 0.578(3) Å, θ = 1.0(3)° and φ = 51(8)°) of the title compound show that the cyclohexane ring adopts a chair conformation. The molecular conformation of the title compound is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds (N2-H2⋅⋅⋅Cl1, N2-H2⋅⋅⋅O1, and C2-H2A⋅⋅⋅S1) and intermolecular hydrogen bonds (N1-H1⋅⋅⋅S1i and C9-HA⋅⋅⋅S1ii: 2-x, 2-y, 1-z). The intramolecular hydrogen bonds (N2-H2⋅⋅⋅O1 and C2-H2A⋅⋅⋅S1) are also form two pseudo-six-membered rings. Density functional theory optimized structure in the gaseous phase at B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory has been compared with the experimentally defined molecular structure. The molecular orbitals HOMO and LUMO with the energy gap for the title compound are calculated and the estimated energy gap (ΔE) between the HOMO and LUMO energies levels of the title compound is 3.5399 eV, which implies that the title molecule is very reactive. The Hirshfeld surface analysis reveals that the most important contributions to crystal packing are from H···H (49.0%), H···C/C···H (12.5%), H···Cl/Cl···H (10.9%), and H···S/S···H (10.0%) interactions. The energy-framework calculations are used to analyze and visualize the three-dimensional topology of the crystal packing. The intermolecular energy analysis confirmed a significant contribution of dispersion to the stabilization of molecular packings in the title compound.
X-ray diffraction and Density Functional Theory based structural analyses of 2-phenyl-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1,2,4-triazolone
Authors: Somagond Shilpa Mallappa , Mavazzan Ahmedraza , Madar Suresh Fakkirappa , Sannaikar Madivalagouda , Kumar Shankar Madan , Inamdar Sanjeev Ramchandra , Nesaragi Aravind Raviraj , Dasappa Jagadeesh Prasad , Kamble Ravindra Ramappa
Published: December 2021

This study is composed of X-ray diffraction and Density Functional Theory (DFT) based molecular structural analyses of 2-phenyl-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (2PPT). Crystal data for C11H9N3O: Monoclinic, space group P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.8975(2) Å, b = 11.6546(4) Å, c = 11.0648(3) Å, β = 105.212(2)°, V = 982.74(5) Å3, Z = 4, T = 296.15 K, μ(MoKα) = 0.091 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.346 g/cm3, 13460 reflections measured (5.174° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 64.72°), 3477 unique (Rint = 0.0314, Rsigma = 0.0298) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0470 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.1368 (all data). The experimentally determined data was supported by theoretically optimized calculations processed with the help of Hartree-Fock (HF) technique and Density Functional Theory with the 6-311G(d,p) basis set in the ground state. Geometrical parameters (Bond lengths and angles) as well as spectroscopic (FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR) properties of 2PPT molecule has been optimized theoretically and compared with the experimentally obtained results. Hirshfeld surface analysis with 2D fingerprinting plots was used to figure out the possible and most significant intermolecular interactions. The electronic characterizations such as molecular electrostatic potential map (MEP) and Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energies have been studied by DFT/B3LYP approach. The MEP imparted the detailed information regarding electronegative and electropositive regions across the molecule. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap as high as 5.3601 eV was found to be responsible for the high kinetic stability of the 2PPT.
Development of a new highly sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method for the determination of selenium at nano-trace levels in various complex matrices using salicylaldehyde-orthoaminophenol
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Jamaluddin , Uddin Muhammad Jihan , Hoque Muhammad Emdadul
Published: December 2021

A new spectrophotometric reagent, salicylaldehyde-orthoaminophenol (Sal-OAP) has been synthesized and characterized for the determination of selenium through novel reaction techniques. Also, a new highly selective, and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the nano-trace determination of selenium using salicylaldehyde-orthoaminophenol (Sal-OAP) has been developed. Sal-OAP undergoes reaction in a slightly acidic solution (0.0001-0.0002 M H2S04) with selenium (IV) to give an orange-red chelate, which has an absorption maximum at 379 nm. The reaction is instantaneous and absorbance remains stable for over 24 h. The average molar absorption co-efficient and Sandell’s sensitivity were found to be 6.4×105 L/mol.cm and 1.0 ng/cm2 of, respectively. Linear calibration graphs were obtained for 0.001-40.000 mg/Lof Se having detection limit of 0.1 µg/L and RSD 0-2 %. The stoichiometric composition of the chelate is 1:2 (Se:Sal-OAP). A large excess of over 60 cations, anions and some common complexing agents, such as chloride, azide, tartrate, EDTA, SCN¯etc., do not interfere in the determination. The developed method was successfully used in the determination of selenium in several Certified Reference Materials (Alloys, steels, human urine, bovine liver, drinking water, tea, milk, soil, and sediments) as well as in some environmental waters (Potable and polluted), biological fluids (Human blood, urine, hair, and milk), soil samples, food samples (Vegetables, rice, and wheat) and pharmaceutical samples (Tablet and syrup) and solutions containing both selenium (IV) and selenium (VI) as well as complex synthetic mixtures. The results of the proposed method for assessing biological, food and vegetables and soil samples were comparable with ICP-OES and AAS were found to be in excellent agreement. The method has high precision and accuracy (s = ±0.01 for 0.5 mg/L).
Konstruksi Teologi Bagi Gereja dan Israel Dalam Roma 11:25-27
Authors: Adiatma Daniel Lindung
Published: December 2021

Romans 11:25-27 is part of the New Testament which is quite difficult to interpret. Many debates have arisen from biblical scholars in interpreting this passage. Theological pre-assumptions can divert the interpretation of the text. The systematic theological approach can lead the interpreter's understanding not intended by the author of the book. Biblical theology must be produced through an interpretive process that pays attention to the elements of biblical texts. In interpreting Romans 11:25-27, an interpreter needs to pay attention to textual, contextual, intertextual and theological elements. Thus Romans 11:25-27 is not interpreted in the lens of systematic theology (soteriology, ecclesiology and eschatology), but pays attention to the text and the final format of the book. Thus, there is no need to continue the debate on predestination and the nature of the church in relation to Israel in both a pastoral and academic context. Understanding Romans 11:25-27 makes believers active in preaching the gospel to implement God's great plan for the church and Israel. Ultimately, God is glorified by the two communities that God has chosen.
Tertampiknya Injil-injil Gnostik
Authors: Sulistiono Mika
Published: December 2021

Until now, challenges on the validity of the Bible based on the use of the Gnostic Gospels are still rampant, especially by anti-orthodox Christians and liberals. For this reason, this study attempts to answer the question of how the historical description of the Gnostic Gospels was dismissed in the century of its appearance, so that it did not enter the New Testament canon. Through a qualitative-descriptive research method, it was found that the answer to the rejection of the Gnostic Gospels as part of the canon was due to: 1). there is a significant time gap between the appearance of the Gnostic Gospels and the canonical ones, 2). its distribution was secret, and was not common among the early Christian congregations. 3). his teachings that contradict the teachings of the canonical gospels about the life of the Lord Jesus and the way of human salvation, 4). several important figures of the second to third centuries such as Irenaeus, Tertullian, Clemens, Origens, and Esuibius firmly rejected the Gnostic Gospels to enter the canon. The result of this research certainly confirms the Christian belief in the acknowledgment of the validity of the New Testament canon.
OSMANLI İMPARATORLUĞU'NUN TANZİMAT SONRASI DÖNEMDE HAKKÂRİ’DE MALİ, İDARÎ VE SOSYO-KÜLTÜREL YAPIYI TESİS ETME UĞRAŞI (1857-1863 Yılları Muhasebe Kayıt Defterine Göre)
Authors: ALANDAĞLI Murat
Published: December 2021

Hakkâri Türkiye’nin güneydoğu ucunda bulunan bir sınır kentidir. Oldukça köklü ve renkli bir maziye sahiptir. Coğrafî ve beşerî özellikleriyle bütünleşmiş tarihsel serüveni Osmanlı hâkimiyetine girdiği XVI. yüzyılda daha da farklılaşmıştır. Nitekim dönemin koşulları nedeniyle imparatorluk yönetimi tarafından önemsenen bir idari yapı dahilinde XIX. yüzyıla kadar devam eden inişli çıkışlı bir süreç başlamış olur. XIX. yüzyılda değişen dünya şartlarına uyum sağlama sürecinin doğal sonucu olarak hayata geçirilmeye çalışılan kimi uygulamalar, bölgede nispeten kaotik bir dönemin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Hakkâri tarihinin XVI. yüzyıldan XIX. yüzyıla kadar devam eden sürecinin olabildiğince kısa bir özeti ancak bu şekilde yapılabilir.

İnsanların hayatlarında olduğu gibi kentlerin de uzun tarihsel süreçlerinde geçirdikleri küçüklü büyüklü pek çok değişim vardır. Çoğu zaman bu değişimler döneme özgü “detay”larda saklıdır. Bu detayların tespiti sayesinde iskân mahallerine ait kesitlerin tüm canlılığıyla ortaya çıkarılması mümkün olabilir. Hâliyle modern tarihçilik giderek, uzun erimli ve genel geçer konu ya da olaylar kadar, nispeten çok daha dar mekân, özel konu ya da meselelere odaklanmaya başlamıştır. Bu bakış acısıyla çalışmada Hakkâri’nin yukarıda açıkladığımız uzun soluklu tarihinden “bir kesit alınarak” olabildiğince açık bir şekilde ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Hakkâri’nin odağa alınacağı böylesi bir çalışma için imparatorluk merkez ve yerel birimlerinde önemli ölçüde değişim ve dönüşüme işaret eden Tanzimat sonrası döneme bakılması tartışma yürütmek için son derece elverişli olacaktır. Öyle ki Tanzimat devriyle ilgili tartışmaların önemli bir kısmının merkezde olan gelişmeler, modernleşme ve gayr-i müslim tebaa üzerine yoğunlaşmaktadır. Oysa daha lokal ve periferide kalan yerlere bakıldığında Osmanlı’nın iktisadi ve sosyal yaşamında gerçekleşen değişimleri farklı bir gözle görmek de mümkün olabilecektir. Bu bağlamda Hakkâri’de Tanzimat sonrası idari, mali ve sosyo-kültürel hayatın nasıl inşa edildiğini görme fırsatı elde edilecektir. Hakkâri’deki devlet erkânı ile tüzel kişiliğin oluşumu, kamusal alana dair ilk mekânların doğuşu ve arazi, nüfus ile ticarete dönük yeniliklerin tesisi gibi oldukça renkli konulara temas edilecektir.
PRENSES KADRİYE HÜSEYİN’İN MEHÂSİN-İ HAYÂT ADLI ESERİNİN DEĞERLER EĞİTİMİ AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KALYON Bilal
Published: December 2021

Ortadoğu ve İslam dünyasının önemli devletlerinden olan Mısır, tarihi bakımından önemli bir ülkedir. Bugün de turizm, siyasi, tarihî ve kültürel hususiyetleriyle dikkat çekmeye devam etmektedir. Bünyesindeki El-Ezher Üniversitesi ile İslam dünyasına hitap etmektedir. Hemen hemen dünya coğrafyasının pek çok ikliminden öğrenciler El-Ezher’de eğitimlerine devam etmektedirler. Türkiye’den de geçmişten beri binlerce öğrenci bu üniversitede eğitim almıştır. Mısır’ın, tarihi ve kültürel zenginliklerinden olup dünyanın yedi harikasından birisi olan piramitlerle de adından söz ettiren bir devlet olma özelliğini muhafaza etmektedir. Mısır ayrıca Arap dünyasının da siyasî lideri olma hususiyetine sahip bir devlettir. Mısır’da Türklerin hüküm sürdüğü uzun soluklu zaman zarfında tarihi, edebi ve kültürel olarak pek çok eser bırakılmıştır. Türkçe yazan şair ve edebiyatçıların varlığı bu ülkede gelişen edebiyatımız için önem arz etmektedir. Mısır’da yetişip eserlerini Türkçe kaleme alan şahsiyetlerden birisi de Prenses Kadriye Hüseyin’dir. Kavalalı Mehmed Ali Paşa neslinden gelen Kadriye Hüseyin’in Millî Mücadele ile alakadar olup mücadeleye destek vermesi de O’nun farklı bir hususiyetidir. Prenses Kadriye Hüseyin’in önemli eserlerinden birisi de Mehasin-i Hayat’tır. Bu çalışmada eserin değerler eğitimi açısından bir değerlen-dirmesi yapılacaktır.
A Mass Balance Approach in Sediment Budgeting of Large Alluvial Rivers with special emphasis on the Brahmaputra in Assam
Authors: Saikia Lalit , Mahanta Chandan
Published: December 2021

Morphology of an alluvial river channel is the consequence of erosion, sediment transport and sedimentation in a river. Sediment budget accounts for the sources, sinks and redistribution pathways of sediments, solutes and nutrients in a unit region over unit time. Human activities are the most important factors that affect the variation in the pattern of river sediment load. This paper discusses sediment budget of a few large rivers by review of literature and estimation of sediment budget of Brahmaputra River in Assam using mass balance approach. An attempt has also been made to discuss human and climatic impact on sediment load of major rivers of the world. Total sediment load in the Brahmaputra River at downstream location (India-Bangladesh border) was estimated to be 814×106 t/year. Considering 10% of sediment load of the Brahmaputra as bed load, suspended sediment load at downstream was estimated to be 733×106 t/year. Tributaries, bank erosion and scouring of river bed were found to contribute 52%, 27% and 21% respectively to sediment load of Brahmaputra at downstream locations. In spite of limitations of the dependable data, future complexity due to climate change impact and hydropower dam initiative in upstream of the River, the study is a simplified approach in sediment budgeting of the Brahmaputra.