bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Emotional Regulation and Affective Balance on Health Perception in Cardiovascular Disease Patients According to Sex Differences
Authors: Luque Bárbara , Castillo-Mayén Rosario , Cuadrado Esther , Gutiérrez-Domingo Tamara , Rubio Sebastián J. , Arenas Alicia , Delgado-Lista Javier , Pérez Martínez Pablo , Tabernero Carmen
Published: September 2020

One of the challenges of aging is the increase of people with chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Men and women experience the disease differently. Therefore, it has an impact on how CVD is treated and its outcomes. This research analyzed the relationship between psychosocial variables and health promotion among cardiovascular patients, paying special attention to sex differences. A longitudinal study with cardiovascular patients (747 in phase 1 (122 women) and 586 in phase 2 (83 women)) was carried out. Participants were evaluated based on their sociodemographic characteristics, affective balance, regulatory negative affect self-efficacy, stress and anxiety regulation strategies, and perceived global health. Results showed that men presented significantly higher scores in positive affect, affective balance, and self-efficacy to regulate negative emotions, while women presented significantly higher scores in negative affect and the use of passive strategies to cope with stressful situations. Regression analyses showed that all psychological variables studied in phase 1 were significant predictors of health perception in phase 2. According to the results, it is necessary to include strategies to improve cardiovascular health through education and emotional regulation, with a gender focus.
Comparison of Skeletal and Dental Changes Obtained from a Tooth-Borne Maxillary Expansion Appliance Compared to the Damon System Assessed through a Digital Volumetric Imaging: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Nam Hye Jin , Gianoni-Capenakas Silvia , Major Paul W. , Heo Giseon , Lagravère Manuel O.
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare dental and skeletal changes associated with the Damon and Rapid Maxillary Expander (RME) expansion using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Eighty-two patients, from The University of Alberta Orthodontic Clinic, were randomly allocated to either Group A or B. Patients in Group A received orthodontic treatment using the Damon brackets. Patients in Group B received treatment using the Hyrax (a type of RME) appliance. CBCT images were taken two times (baseline and after expansion). The AVIZO software was used to locate 18 landmarks (dental and skeletal) on sagittal, axial, and coronal slices of CBCT images. Comparison between two groups showed that transverse movement of maxillary first molars and premolars was much greater in the Hyrax group. The lateral movements of posterior teeth were associated with buccal tipping of crowns. No clinically significant difference in the vertical or anteroposterior direction between the two groups was noted. Alveolar bone next to root apex of maxillary first premolar and molar teeth showed clinically significant lateral movement in the Hyrax group only. The comparison between two groups showed significantly greater transverse expansion of the first molar and first premolars with buccal tipping in the RME group.
Falls from Height. Analysis of Predictors of Death in a Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Casati Alberto , Granieri Stefano , Cimbanassi Stefania , Reitano Elisa , Chiara Osvaldo
Published: September 2020

Falls from height (FFH) represent a distinct form of blunt trauma in urban areas. This study aimed to identify independent predictors of in-hospital mortality after accidental or intentional falls in different age groups. We conducted a retrospective study of all patients consecutively admitted after a fall in eight years, recording mechanism, intentionality, height of fall, age, site, classification of injuries, and outcome. We built multivariate regression models to identify independent predictors of mortality. A total of 948 patients with 82 deaths were observed. Among the accidental falls, mortality was 5.2%, whereas intentional jumpers showed a mortality of 20.4%. The death rate was higher for increasing heights, age >65, suicidal attempts, and injuries with AIS ≥3 (Abbreviated Injury Scale). Older patients reported a higher in-hospital mortality rate. Multivariate analysis identified height of fall, dynamic and severe head and chest injuries as independent predictors of mortality in the young adults’ group (18–65 years). For patients aged more than 65 years, the only risk factor independently related to death was severe head injuries. Our data demonstrate that in people older than 65, the height of fall may not represent a predictor of death.
Cardiac Autonomic Modulation Is Different in Terms of Clinical Variant of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Zawadka-Kunikowska Monika , Rzepiński Łukasz , Newton Julia L. , Zalewski Paweł , Słomko Joanna
Published: September 2020

This study evaluates whether the cardiac autonomic response to head-up tilt test (HUTT) differs between patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and those with progressive MS (PMS) as compared to healthy controls (HC). Baroreflex sensitivity, cardiac parameters, heart rate (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) were compared between 28 RRMS, 21PMS and 25 HC during HUTT. At rest, PMS patients had higher values of the sympathovagal ratio, a low-frequency band HRV (LFnu-RRI) and lower values of parasympathetic parameters (HFnu-RRI, HF-RRI) compared to RRMS and HC. Resting values of cardiac parameters were significantly lower in RRMS compared to PMS patients. No intergroup differences were observed for post-tilt cardiac and autonomic parameters, except for delta HF-RRI with lower values in the PMS group. The MS variant corrected for age, sex and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was an independent predictor of changes in the sympathovagal ratio as measured by HRV. Furthermore, a higher overall EDDS score was related to a higher sympathovagal ratio, lower parasympathetic parameters at rest, and decrease post-tilt changes of the sympathovagal ratio of sBP BPV. Autonomic imbalance is markedly altered in the MS patient group compared to control changes were most pronounced in the progressive variant of MS disease. The MS variant appeared to have a potential influence on cardiac autonomic imbalance at rest.
SBAS/EGNOS for Maritime
Authors: Lopez-Martinez Manuel , Álvarez José-Manuel , Lorenzo José-Maria , Daroca Carlos Garcia
Published: September 2020

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has become the primary means of obtaining Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) information at sea. The current capabilities of the Global Positioning System (GPS) constellation, although adequate for ocean navigation, have some shortfalls for coastal navigation: some user communities have a need for enhanced performance and they can benefit from the available “augmentation” techniques, resulting in improved GPS performance. Nowadays, the users can take advantage of Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBASs). The maritime domain has been used SBAS for several years and it is supported by GNSS receivers used in the recreational and professional sectors. The SBAS/European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) can be used to complement the differential GNSS (DGNSS) for the provision of enhanced accuracy and integrity information with additional benefits. There are different possible solutions for the transmission of SBAS/EGNOS information to maritime users, considering that the corrections can be available from different transmission means. The different options for the use of SBAS for maritime navigation, the benefits brought to mariners, as well as the associated regulations, standardization and service provision aspects, are presented in this article.
Correlative Light and Transmission Electron Microscopy Showed Details of Mitophagy by Mitochondria Quality Control in Propionic Acid Treated SH-SY5Y Cell
Authors: Jung Minkyo , Choi Hyosun , Kim Jaekwang , Mun Ji Young
Published: September 2020

Propionic acid is a metabolite of the microbiome and can be transported to the brain. Previous data show that propionic acid changes mitochondrial biogenesis in SH-SY5Y cells and induces abnormal autophagy in primary hippocampal neurons. Maintaining mitochondrial function is key to homeostasis in neuronal cells, and mitophagy is the selective autophagy involved in regulating mitochondrial quality. Monitoring mitophagy though light microscopy or conventional transmission electron microscopy separately is insufficient because phases of mitophagy, including autophagosome and autolysosome in nano-resolution, are critical for studies of function. Therefore, we used correlative light and electron microscopy to investigate mitochondrial quality in SH-SY5Y cells after propionic acid treatment to use the advantages of both techniques. We showed, with this approach, that propionic acid induces mitophagy associated with mitochondrial quality.
The Essential Role of 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids in the Development of Transparent Silica-Filled Elastomer Systems
Authors: Kuśmierek Małgorzata , Szadkowski Bolesław , Marzec Anna
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we present the design of reinforced silica-filled elastomer composites exhibiting a high transparency, high mechanical performance in static and dynamic conditions, and improved electrical conductivity. Two different imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) were used with increasing loads: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMIMTFSI) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroaluminate (BMIMAlCl4). The composites were prepared in a two-roll mill. The influence of the ILs on the dispersion of the silica in the nitrile rubber (NBR) matrix was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of ILs in the NBR/SiO2 systems improved the crosslink density and ionic conductivity of the composites. Their mechanical properties and aging stability remained almost unchanged, at a very satisfactory level. Greater crosslinking was observed for the NBR/SiO2 composites containing BMIMAlCl4, due to its catalytic effect on the efficiency of interface crosslinking reactions. We found the optimal formulation for obtaining transparent reinforced NBR/SiO2 composites. The application of 2.5 phr of BMIMAlCl4 resulted in a high transparency in the case of NBR composites filled with 30 phr of silica.
Procedure for Determining the Uncertainties in the Modeling of Surface Roughness in the Turning of NiTi Alloys Using the Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Kowalczyk Małgorzata , Tomczyk Krzysztof
Published: September 2020

The paper presents a procedure for the determination of uncertainties in the modeling of surface roughness in the turning of NiTi alloys. The presented procedure is applicable both to the analysis of the measurement values of the two main roughness factors, as well as to research related to the prediction and optimization of the machining process. Type A and B, total, and expanded uncertainties were considered herein, and the obtained uncertainty values were assessed. A procedure for optimizing machining by applying the Monte Carlo (MC) method is also presented. The solutions presented in this paper are important from the point of view of practical solutions related to the prediction and optimization of the machining process. The considered procedure for determining and assessing uncertainty can be useful for the optimal selection of both machining parameters and measuring tools.
Study on Strengthening Mechanism of 9Cr-1.5Mo-1Co and 9Cr-3W-3Co Heat Resistant Steels
Authors: Zhao Long , Chen Xiangru , Wu Tieming , Zhai Qijie
Published: September 2020

The strengthening mechanism of 9Cr–1.5Mo–1Co and 9Cr–3W–3Co heat resistant steel was studied by tensile test and microstructure analysis. At the same temperature, the yield strength of 9Cr–3W–3Co heat-resistant steel is higher than that of 9Cr–1.5Mo–1Co heat-resistant steel. Microstructure analysis proved that the strength of 9Cr–1.5Mo–1Co and 9Cr–3W–3Co heat-resistant steel is affected by grain boundary, dislocation, precipitation, and solid solution atoms. The excellent high temperature mechanical properties of 9Cr–3W–3Co heat-resistant steel are mainly due to the solution strengthening caused by Co and W atoms and the high-density dislocations distributed in the matrix; however, 9Cr–1.5Mo–1Co heat-resistant steel is mainly due to the martensitic lath and precipitation strengthening.
Improving Recycled Aggregate Quality by Mechanical Pre-Processing
Authors: Sadagopan Madumita , Malaga Katarina , Nagy Agnes
Published: September 2020

Concrete with crushed concrete aggregates (CCA) shows lesser compressive strength than reference concrete with natural aggregates. The goal of this study is to improve the strength of structural concrete with 53% and 100% CCA replacements without increasing the cement content. Thus, improvements in CCA quality are induced by combining mechanical and pre-soaking pre-processing techniques. Mechanical pre-processing by rotating drum is separately pursued on fine and coarse CCA for 10 and 15 min respectively. Results show, adhered mortar content and CCA water absorption reduces as pre-processing duration increases. Pre-processing influences CCA particle grading, flakiness index, shape index, void-content, unit-weight and density, jointly seen as packing density, which increases with pre-processing duration. Water amount to pre-soak CCA before concrete mixing is stable despite grading modifications, due to reduced water absorption resulting from mechanical pre-processing. Compressive strength and workability for pre-processed CCA50 and CCA100 concrete are comparable to reference concrete and show similar trends of improvement with packing density. Packing density markedly shows the quality improvements induced by pre-processing on CCA, maybe considered as one of the quality assessment indexes for CCA. Packing density should be investigated for other recipes to see the stability of the trend with workability and compressive strength.
Pore Filling Effect of Forced Carbonation Reactions Using Carbon Dioxide Nanobubbles
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Kitagaki Ryoma , Choi Heesup
Published: September 2020

Various methods for repairing and modifying concrete surfaces have been proposed and applied to improve the durability of existing concrete structures. Surface modification through forced carbonation is a method of densification that forms calcium carbonate in the pores on the surface of concrete to improve its durability. In this study, to evaluate the applicability of this surface modification method to existing buildings, a series of experiments was conducted in which mortar specimens were repeatedly immersed in a carbon dioxide nanobubble aqueous solution. By evaluating the weight change and absorption rate, it was determined that the higher the water/cement ratio of the mortar specimen, the higher the pore filling effect owing to immersion in the carbon dioxide nanobubble aqueous solution. In addition, the effect of clogged pores generated by the precipitation of calcium carbonate was confirmed, and it was found that the higher the water/cement ratio of the mortar specimen, the higher the pore filling effect due to clogging. We believe that our findings contribute to the development of research and construction practices associated with concrete repair and restoration.
Fumonisin B1 Interaction with Mg-Al and Mg-Fe Layered Double Hydroxides: Removal Efficiency and Mechanisms
Authors: Matusik Jakub , Deng Youjun
Published: September 2020

Mycotoxins in feed and food are highly toxic and pose a serious danger even at very low concentrations. The use of bentonites in animal diet can reduce toxin bioavailability. However, some mycotoxins like fumonisin B1 (FB1) form anionic species which excludes the use of negatively charged clays. Layered double hydroxides (LDH) with anion-exchange properties, in theory, can be perfect candidates to adsorb FB1. However, fundamental research on the use of LDH for mycotoxins removal is scarce and incomplete. Thus, the presented study was designed to explore such a possibility. The LDH materials with differing chemistry and layer charge were synthesized by co-precipitation both from metal nitrates and chlorides and were then tested for FB1 removal. XRD, FTIR, XPS, and chemical analysis were used for the LDH characterization and to obtain insight into the removal mechanisms. A higher adsorption capacity was observed for the Mg/Al LDH samples (~0.08–0.15 mol/kg) in comparison to the Mg/Fe LDH samples (~0.05–0.09 mol/kg) with no difference in removal efficiency between Cl and NO3 intercalated LDH. The adsorption capacity increased along with lower layer charge of Mg/Al and was attributed to the lower content of bonded carbonates and the increase of non-polar sites which led to matching between the adsorption domains of LDH with FB1. The FTIR analysis confirmed the negative effect of carbonates which hampered the adsorption at pH 7 and led to the highest adsorption at pH 5 (FB1 content ~15.8 ± 0.75 wt.%). The fast surface adsorption (1–2 min) was dominant and XRD analysis of the basal spacing indicated that no FB1 intercalation occurred in the LDH. The XPS confirmed a strong interaction of FB1 with Mg sites of LDH at pH 5 where the interaction with FB1 carboxylate moieties COO− was confirmed. The research confirmed a high affinity and selectivity of LDH structures towards anionic forms of FB1 mycotoxin.
Densification of Bamboo: State of the Art
Authors: Kadivar Marzieh , Gauss Christian , Ghavami Khosrow , Savastano Holmer
Published: September 2020

Densification processes are used to improve the mechanical and physical properties of lignocellulose materials by either collapsing the cell cavities or by filling up the pores, consequently reducing the void volume fraction. This paper focuses on an extensive review of bamboo densification process, which is achieved by compressing the material in the direction perpendicular to the fibers using mainly two different techniques: an open system, thermo-mechanical (TM), or a closed system, viscoelastic-thermal-compression (VTC). The main aim of bamboo densification is to decrease its heterogeneity, as well as to improve its mechanical and physical performance. In addition, densification may occur during the manufacturing of bamboo products in which hot-pressing processes are used to mold bamboo panels. There are over 1600 publications about bamboo, concentrated in the recent decade, mainly about engineered materials. Although several papers regarding bamboo and wood densification are available, very few studies have comprehensively investigated the densification process solely through compression of natural bamboo culms. According to the literature, applying a combination of compression of 6–12 MPa at temperatures between 120–170 °C for 8–20 min can produce materials with higher strength in comparison to the mechanical properties of natural bamboo. The majority of research on bamboo densification indicates that the modified material results in improved properties in terms of density, hardness, bending strength, stiffness, and durability. This paper provides a review that consolidates knowledge on the concept of bamboo culm densification, discusses the roles of parameters that control the process, ascertains the best practice, and finally determines gaps in this field of knowledge.
Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites—Extracellular Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization and Antibacterial Potential
Authors: Pomastowski Paweł , Król-Górniak Anna , Railean-Plugaru Viorica , Buszewski Bogusław
Published: September 2020

This research presents, for the first time, the potential of the Lactobacillus paracasei LC20 isolated from sweet whey as a novel, effective and accessible source for post-cultured ZnO nanocomposites synthesis. The obtained nanocomposites were subjected to comprehensive characterization by a broad spectrum of instrumental techniques. Results of spectroscopic and microscopic analysis confirmed the hexagonal crystalline structure of ZnO in the nanometer size. The dispersion stability of the obtained nanocomposites was determined based on the zeta potential (ZP) measurements—the average ZP value was found to be −29.15 ± 1.05 mV in the 7–9 pH range. The ZnO nanocomposites (NCs) demonstrated thermal stability up to 130 °C based on the results of thermogravimetric TGA/DTG) analysis. The organic deposit on the nanoparticle surface was recorded by spectroscopic analysis in the infrared range (FT-IR). Results of the spectrometric study exhibited nanostructure-assisted laser desorption/ionization effects and also pointed out the presence of organic deposits and, what is more, allowed us to identify the specific amino acids and peptides present on the ZnO NCs surfaces. In this context, mass spectrometry (MS) data confirmed the nano-ZnO formation mechanism. Moreover, fluorescence data showed an increase in fluorescence signal in the presence of nanocomposites designed for potential use as, e.g., biosensors. Despite ZnO NCs’ luminescent properties, they can also act as promising antiseptic agents against clinically relevant pathogens. Therefore, a pilot study on the antibacterial activity of biologically synthesized ZnO NCs was carried out against four strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by using MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration). Additionally, the colony forming units (CFU) assay was performed and quantified for all bacterial cells as the percentage of viable cells in comparison to a control sample (untreated culture) The nanocomposites were effective among three pathogens with MIC values in the range of 86.25–172.5 μg/mL and showed potential as a new type of, e.g., medical path or ointment formulation.
Mechanical Properties Analysis of the AA2519-AA1050-Ti6Al4V Explosive Welded Laminate
Authors: Szachogluchowicz Ireneusz , Sniezek Lucjan , Slezak Tomasz , Kluczyński Janusz , Grzelak Krzysztof , Torzewski Janusz , Fras Teresa
Published: September 2020

Explosively welded layered materials made of (a) an AA2519 aluminum alloy (AlCuMgMn + ZrSc), (b) titanium alloy Ti6Al4V and (c) an intermediate layer composed of a thin aluminum alloyed AA1050 layer are considered herein. This study presents test results connected to measurement science including microstructural observations of the material combined with the explosive method, and a basic analysis of the strength properties based on microhardness and tensile tests. Owing to the joint’s special manufacturing conditions, the laminate was subjected to deformation measurements with the digital image correlation (DIC) method. The research was supplemented by the residual stress measurements with the sin2ψ X-ray method based on the diffraction–reflection analysis that was verified by the bore trepanation method.
Relationship between Implant Geometry and Primary Stability in Different Bony Defects and Variant Bone Densities: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmad , Heitzer Marius , Bock Anna , Peters Florian , Möhlhenrich Stephan Christian , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali , Kniha Kristian
Published: September 2020

Aim: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effects of implant designs on primary stability in different bone densities and bony defects. Methods: Five implant types (tapered-tissue-level, tissue-level, zirconia-tissue-level, bone-level, and BLX implants) were used in this assessment. The implants were inserted into four different artificial bone blocks representing varying bone-density groups: D1, D2, D3, and D4. Aside from the control group, three different types of defects were prepared. Using resonance frequency analysis and torque-in and -out values, the primary stability of each implant was evaluated. Results: With an increased defect size, all implant types presented reduced implant stability values measured by the implant stability quotient (ISQ) values. Loss of stability was the most pronounced around circular defects. Zirconia and bone-level implants showed the highest ISQ values, whereas tissue level titanium implants presented the lowest stability parameters. The implant insertion without any thread cut led to a small improvement in primary implant stability in all bone densities. Conclusions: Compared with implants with no peri-implant defects, the three-wall and one-wall defect usually did not provide significant loss of primary stability. A significant loss of stability should be expected when inserting implants into circular defects. Implants with a more aggressive thread distance could increase primary stability.
Dynamics of Ionic Liquids in Confinement by Means of NMR Relaxometry—EMIM-FSI in a Silica Matrix as an Example
Authors: Kruk Danuta , Wojciechowski Milosz , Florek-Wojciechowska Malgorzata , Singh Rajendra Kumar
Published: September 2020

1H and 19F spin–lattice relaxation studies for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide in bulk and mesoporous MCM-41 silica matrix confinement were performed under varying temperatures in a broad range of magnetic fields, corresponding to 1H resonance frequency from 5Hz to 30MHz.A thorough analysis of the relaxation data revealed a three-dimensional translation diffusion of the ions in the bulk liquid and two-dimensional diffusion in the vicinity of the confining walls in the confinement. Parameters describing the translation dynamics were determined and compared. The rotational motion of both kinds of ions in the confinement was described by two correlation times that might be attributed to anisotropic reorientation of these species.
Physicochemical Characterization of Bilayer Hybrid Nanocellulose-Collagen as a Potential Wound Dressing
Authors: Ooi Kai Shen , Haszman Shafieq , Wong Yon Nie , Soidin Emillia , Hesham Nadhirah , Mior Muhammad Amirul Arif , Tabata Yasuhiko , Ahmad Ishak , Fauzi Mh Busra , Mohd Yunus Mohd Heikal
Published: September 2020

The eminent aim for advance wound management is to provide a great impact on the quality of life. Therefore, an excellent strategy for an ideal wound dressing is being developed that eliminates certain drawbacks while promoting tissue regeneration for the prevention of bacterial invasion. The aim of this study is to develop a bilayer hybrid biomatrix of natural origin for wound dressing. The bilayer hybrid bioscaffold was fabricated by the combination of ovine tendon collagen type I and palm tree-based nanocellulose. The fabricated biomatrix was then post-cross-linked with 0.1% (w/v) genipin (GNP). The physical characteristics were evaluated based on the microstructure, pore size, porosity, and water uptake capacity followed by degradation behaviour and mechanical strength. Chemical analysis was performed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results demonstrated a uniform interconnected porous structure with optimal pore size ranging between 90 and 140 μm, acceptable porosity (>70%), and highwater uptake capacity (>1500%). The biodegradation rate of the fabricated biomatrix was extended to 22 days. Further analysis with EDX identified the main elements of the bioscaffold, which contains carbon (C) 50.28%, nitrogen (N) 18.78%, and oxygen (O) 30.94% based on the atomic percentage. FTIR reported the functional groups of collagen type I (amide A: 3302 cm−1, amide B: 2926 cm−1, amide I: 1631 cm−1, amide II: 1547 cm−1, and amide III: 1237 cm−1) and nanocellulose (pyranose ring), thus confirming the presence of collagen and nanocellulose in the bilayer hybrid scaffold. The XRD demonstrated a smooth wavy wavelength that is consistent with the amorphous material and less crystallinity. The combination of nanocellulose with collagen demonstrated a positive effect with an increase of Young’s modulus. In conclusion, the fabricated bilayer hybrid bioscaffold demonstrated optimum physicochemical and mechanical properties that are suitable for skin wound dressing.
Fresh and Hardened Properties of Portland Cement-Slag Concrete Activated Using the By-Product of the Liquid Crystal Display Manufacturing Process
Authors: Choi Sung , Pyo Sukhoon
Published: September 2020

This experimental research investigated the applicability of the liquid crystal display (LCD) by-product of the refining process as a sustainable and alternative alkali activator for ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) blended cement concrete. Three levels of binder replacement using the industrial by-product, and four water/binder ratios were considered in order to evaluate the effects of the replacement in fresh and hardened properties of the blended concrete. XRD and TG analyses confirmed that the by-product that contains abundant alkali compounds promotes the reactivity of GGBFS. The test results indicated that the incorporation of the by-product results in delayed setting and degraded workability due to the highly porous nature of the by-product, yet shows rapid early-age strength development of the blended concrete as conventional alkaline activators for GGBFS. These characteristics shed light on a simple yet effective and practical means of reusing the industrial by-product as an alternative alkaline activator.
Innovative Controllable Torsional Damper Based on Vacuum Packed Particles
Authors: Rodak Dominik , Zalewski Robert
Published: September 2020

In this paper a new concept of a controllable granular damper is presented. The introduced prototype works based on so-called vacuum packed particles (VPPs). Such structures are made of granular materials located in a soft and hermetic encapsulation. As a result of generating a partial vacuum inside the system, the structure starts to behave like a nonclassical solid body. The global physical (mechanical) features of VPPs depend on the level of internal underpressure. The introduced prototype of a controllable torsional damper exhibits various dissipative properties as a function of internal underpressure. The design details of the investigated device are presented. Basic laboratory tests results are discussed. To describe the hysteretic behavior of the device, the Bouc–Wen rheological model has been modified and adopted. Nonlinear functions of underpressure have been introduced to the initial model formulation. The developed Bouc–Wen model has been applied to capture the real response of the VPP torsional damper prototype.
Impact of the Geometrical Parameters of Dolomite Coarse Aggregate on the Thermal and Mechanic Properties of Preplaced Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Stempkowska Agata , Gawenda Tomasz , Naziemiec Zdzisław , Adam Ostrowski Krzysztof , Saramak Daniel , Surowiak Agnieszka
Published: September 2020

The article shows investigations on the behavior of preplaced aggregate concrete with regular and irregular coarse aggregates. The thermal properties, compressive strength, and internal structure were analyzed based on computed tomography images. The regular and irregular shapes of aggregates were obtained according to patented technology, which is possible to produce in both laboratory and industrial conditions. Based on the conducted calculations, heat storage capacity was assessed. The influence of grain shape on the material strength, porosity, and hydration gaps was determined. Debonded porosity, as a result of aggregate impurities, was shown using computer tomography analysis. It was shown that the arrangement and shape of the grains has a significant impact on the performance properties of hardened preplaced concrete.
Magnetic Properties of Silicon Steel after Plastic Deformation
Authors: Daem Andries , Sergeant Peter , Dupré Luc , Chaudhuri Somsubhro , Bliznuk Vitaliy , Kestens Leo
Published: September 2020

The energy efficiency of electric machines can be improved by optimizing their manufacturing process. During the manufacturing of ferromagnetic cores, silicon steel sheets are cut and stacked. This process introduces large stresses near cutting edges. The steel near cutting edges is in a plastically deformed stress state without external mechanical load. The magnetic properties of the steel in this stress state are investigated using a custom magnetomechanical measurement setup, stress strain measurements, electrical resistance measurements, and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) measurements. Analysis of the core energy losses is done by means of the loss separation technique. The silicon steel used in this paper is non-grain oriented (NGO) steel grade M270-35A. Three differently cut sets of M270-35A are investigated, which differ in the direction they are cut with respect to the rolling direction. The effect of sample deformation was measured—both before and after mechanical load release—on the magnetization curve and total core energy losses. It is known that the magnetic properties dramatically degrade with increasing sample deformation under mechanical load. In this paper, it was found that when the mechanical load is released, the magnetic properties degrade even further. Loss separation analysis has shown that the hysteresis loss is the main contributor to the additional core losses due to sample deformation. Releasing the mechanical load increased the hysteresis loss up to 270% at 10.4% pre-release strain. At this level of strain, the relative magnetic permeability decreased up to 45% after mechanical load release. Manufacturing processes that introduce plastic deformation are detrimental to the local magnetic material properties.
Surface, Subsurface and Tribological Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy Shot Peened under Different Parameters
Authors: Yıldıran Avcu Yasemin , Yetik Okan , Guney Mert , Iakovakis Eleftherios , Sınmazçelik Tamer , Avcu Egemen
Published: September 2020

Ti6Al4V alloy was shot peened by using stainless-steel shots with different sizes (0.09–0.14 mm (S10) and 0.7–1.0 mm (S60)) for two durations (5 and 15 min) using a custom-designed peening system. The shot size was the main parameter modifying the roughness (0.74 µm for S10 vs. 2.27 µm for S60), whereas a higher peening time slightly increased roughness. Hardness improved up to approximately 35% by peening with large shots, while peening time was insignificant in hardness improvement. However, longer peening duration with large shots led to an unwanted formation of micro-cracks and delamination on the peened surfaces. After dry sliding wear tests, the mass loss of peened samples (S60 for 15 min) was 25% higher than that of un-peened samples, while the coefficient of friction decreased by 12%. Plastically deformed regions and micro-scratches were observed on the worn surfaces, which corresponds to mostly adhesive and abrasive wear mechanisms. The present study sheds light on how surface, subsurface and tribological properties of Ti6Al4V vary with shot peening and peening parameters, which paves the way for the understanding of the mechanical, surface, and tribological behavior of shot peened Ti6Al4V used in both aerospace and biomedical applications.
Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Sulfate Ulva Polysaccharide and its Protective Effect against IBD in Mice
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Ye Han , Wang Ting , Wang Peng , Liu Ruizhi , Li Yinping , Tian Yingying , Zhang Jingliang
Published: September 2020

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been gradually considered a public health challenge worldwide. Sulfated polysaccharides, extracted from seaweed, have been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect on the disease. In this study, LMW-ulvan, a unique sulfate Ulva polysaccharide with low molecular weight, was prepared using the enzymatic method. The structural characterization of LMW-ulvan and its protective effect on colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) were studied. The results showed that LMW-ulvan with molecular weight of 2.56 kDa consists of 57.23% rhamnose (Rha), 28.76% xylose (Xyl), 7.42% glucuronic acid (GlcA), and 1.77% glucose (Glc). Its backbone contains (1→3,4)-linked Rha, (1→4)-linked Xyl, and (1→4)-linked GlcA with small amounts of (1→4)-linked Rha residues; sulfate substitution was at C-3 of Rha. LMW-ulvan was found to reduce DSS-induced disease activity index, colon shortening, and colonic tissue damage, which were associated with decreased oxidative stresses and inflammation, thus improving the expression of tight junction proteins. These results indicate that LMW-ulvan is able to improve colitis and may be a promising application for IBD.
Therapeutic Potential of (−)-Agelamide D, a Diterpene Alkaloid from the Marine Sponge Agelas sp., as a Natural Radiosensitizer in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Models
Authors: Choi Changhoon , Cho Yeonwoo , Son Arang , Shin Sung-Won , Lee Yeon-Ju , Park Hee Chul
Published: September 2020

Radiation therapy (RT) is an effective local treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but there are currently no predictive biomarkers to guide treatment decision for RT or adjuvant systemic drugs to be combined with RT for HCC patients. Previously, we reported that extracts of the marine sponge Agelas sp. may contain a natural radiosensitizer for HCC treatment. In this study, we isolated (−)-agelamide D from Agelas extract and investigated the mechanism underlying its radiosensitization. (−)-Agelamide D enhanced radiation sensitivity of Hep3B cells with decreased clonogenic survival and increased apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, (−)-agelamide D increased the expression of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/inositol-requiring enzyme 1α/activating transcription factor 4 (PERK/eIF2α/ATF4), a key pathway of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in multiple HCC cell lines, and augmented radiation-induced UPR signaling. In vivo xenograft experiments confirmed that (−)-agelamide D enhanced tumor growth inhibition by radiation without systemic toxicity. Immunohistochemistry results showed that (−)-agelamide D further increased radiation-induced ATF4 expression and apoptotic cell death, which was consistent with our in vitro finding. Collectively, our results provide preclinical evidence that the use of UPR inducers such as (−)-agelamide D may enhance the efficacy of RT in HCC management.
Efficient Extraction and Antioxidant Capacity of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids from Red Alga Dulse Palmaria palmata in Japan
Authors: Nishida Yuki , Kumagai Yuya , Michiba Shunta , Yasui Hajime , Kishimura Hideki
Published: September 2020

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are the ultraviolet (UV)-absorbable compounds, which are naturally produced by cyanobacteria and algae. Not only these algae but also marine organisms utilize MAAs to protect their DNA from UV-induced damage. On the other hand, the content of MAAs in algae was changed by the environmental condition and season. In addition to the UV-protected function, the antioxidant capacity of MAAs can apply to the cosmetic sunscreen materials and anti-cancer for human health. In this study, we developed the efficient extraction method of MAAs from red alga dulse in Usujiri (Hokkaido, Japan) and investigated the monthly variation. We also evaluated the antioxidant capacity. We employed the successive extraction method of water and then methanol extraction. Spectrophotometric and HPLC analyses revealed that the yield of MAAs by 6 h water extraction was the highest among the tested conditions, and the content of MAAs in the sample of February was the most (6.930 µmol g−1 dry weight) among the sample from January to May in 2019. Antioxidant capacity of MAAs such as crude MAAs, the purified palythine and porphyra-334 were determined by 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging and ferrous reducing power assays in various pH conditions, showing that the highest scavenging activity and reducing power were found at alkaline condition (pH 8.0).
Syzygium gratum Extract Alleviates Vascular Alterations in Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Pakdeechote Poungrat , Meephat Sariya , Sakonsinsiri Chadamas , Phetcharaburanin Jutarop , Bunbupha Sarawoot , Maneesai Putcharawipa
Published: September 2020

Background and Objectives: Syzygium gratum (SG) is a local vegetable and widely consumed in Thailand. Previously, a strong antioxidative effect of SG extract has been reported. The effects of SG extract on hypertension have remained unknown. The effect of SG aqueous extract on blood pressure and vascular changes were examined in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats (LHR), and its potential active constituents were also explored. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated to control, L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day), L-NAME + SG (100, 300, 500 mg/kg/day), or captopril (5 mg/kg/day) groups. The components of SG extract were analyzed. Results: The analysis of aqueous SG extract was carried out using HPLC-Mass spectroscopy, and phenolic compounds could be identified as predominant components which might be responsible for its antihypertensive effects observed in the LHR model (p < 0.05). Additionally, SG extract also improved vascular responses to acetylcholine and decreased vascular remodeling in LHR (p < 0.05). Enhancements of eNOS expression and plasma nitric oxide metabolite levels, and attenuation of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and plasma angiotensin II levels were observed in the LHR group treated with SG. Moreover, SG exhibited strong antioxidant activities by reducing vascular superoxide generation and systemic malondialdehyde in LHRs. Captopril suppressed high blood pressure and alleviated vascular changes and ACE activity in LHRs, similar to those of the SG extract (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the SG extract exhibited antihypertensive effects, which is relevant to alleviation of vascular dysfunction and vascular remodeling of LHRs. These effects might be mediated by phenolic compounds to inhibit ACE activity and scavenge reactive oxygen species in LHR.
Sustainable Manufacturing and Parametric Analysis of Mild Steel Grade 60 by Deploying CNC Milling Machine and Taguchi Method
Authors: Azim Shakir , Noor Sahar , Khalid Qazi Salman , Khan Aqib Mashood , Pimenov Danil Yurievich , Ahmad Imran , Babar Abdur Rehman , Pruncu Catalin I.
Published: September 2020

Design and manufacturing are the key steps in the sustainable manufacturing of any product to be produced. Within the perspective of injection molds production, increased competitiveness and repeated changes in the design require a complete optimized manufacturing process. Local and minor improvements in the milling process do not generally lead to an optimized manufacturing process. The goal of the new geometry and parametric analysis of the mould is to reduce the quality issues in mild steel grade 60. In this explicit research, the surface roughness (smoothness) of indigenously produced injection moulds in the local market in Pakistan is investigated. The CNC milling machine (five-axis) is used for the manufacturing of an injection mould, and the Taguchi method of the design of the experiment is applied for parameters optimization. Hence, the overall process is assisted in balancing the milling machine parameters to trim down the surface roughness issue in mild steel moulds and increase their sustainability. The spindle speed (rpm), the depth of cut (mm), and the feed rate (mm/rev) are considered as input variables for process optimization, and the experiments are performed on mild steel grade 60. It is deduced that the combination of a spindle speed of 800 rpm, feed rate of 10 mm/rev and depth of cut of 0.5 mm is the best case in case of minimum surface roughness, which leads to sustainable products. It is also deduced from ANOVA, that the spindle speed is a factor that affects the surface roughness of mild steel products, while the feed rate turns out to be insignificant.
Microstructural Influence on Mechanical Properties of a Lightweight Ultrahigh Strength Fe-18Mn-10Al-0.9C-5Ni (wt%) Steel
Authors: Piston Michael , Bartlett Laura , Limmer Krista R. , Field Daniel M.
Published: September 2020

This study evaluates the role of thermomechanical processing and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a hot rolled, annealed, and aged Fe-18Mn-10Al-0.9C-5Ni (wt%) steel. The steel exhibited rapid age hardening kinetics when aged in the temperature range of 500–600 °C for up to 50 h, which has been shown in other work to be the result of B2 ordering in the ferrite and κ-carbide precipitation within the austenite matrix. The ultimate tensile strength increased from 1120 MPa in the annealed condition to 1230 MPa after 2 h of aging at 570 °C. Charpy V-notch toughness was evaluated at −40 °C in sub-sized specimens with a maximum in the annealed and quenched condition of 28.5 J in the L-T orientation.
Improved Stability and Controllability in ZrN-Based Resistive Memory Device by Inserting TiO2 Layer
Authors: Choi Junhyeok , Kim Sungjun
Published: September 2020

In this work, the enhanced resistive switching of ZrN-based resistive switching memory is demonstrated by embedding TiO2 layer between Ag top electrode and ZrN switching layer. The Ag/ZrN/n-Si device exhibits unstable resistive switching as a result of the uncontrollable Ag migration. Both unipolar and bipolar resistive switching with high RESET current were observed. Negative-SET behavior in the Ag/ZrN/n-Si device makes set-stuck, causing permanent resistive switching failure. On the other hand, the analogue switching in the Ag/TiO2/ZrN/n-Si device, which could be adopted for the multi-bit data storage applications, is obtained. The gradual switching in Ag/TiO2/ZrN/n-Si device is achieved, possibly due to the suppressed Ag diffusion caused by TiO2 inserting layer. The current–voltage (I–V) switching characteristics of Ag/ZrN/n-Si and Ag/TiO2/ZrN/n-Si devices can be well verified by pulse transient. Finally, we established that the Ag/TiO2/ZrN/n-Si device is suitable for neuromorphic application through a comparison study of conductance update. This paper paves the way for neuromorphic application in nitride-based memristor devices.
Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Airborne Particulate Matter in Relation to Human Health Risk
Authors: Rachwał Marzena , Wawer Małgorzata , Jabłońska Mariola , Rogula-Kozłowska Wioletta , Rogula-Kopiec Patrycja
Published: September 2020

The main objective of this research was the determination of the geochemical and mineralogical properties of particulate matter: TSP (total suspended particles) and, especially PM1 (particles with aerodynamic diameter not greater than 1 µm) suspended in the air of a selected urban area in southern Poland. Identification of the emission sources of metals and metalloids bound in TSP and PM1 as well as the assessment of potential risk of urban ambient air to human health using hazard indices was an additional aim of this investigation. The daily TSP and PM1 quartz fiber filters collected during heating season were subjected to mass magnetic susceptibility (χ) measurements, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) observations and geochemical analyses. Obtained results revealed that the concentration of TSP and PM1 well correlated with their mass-specific magnetic susceptibility. The good relationship between the PM concentration and χ suggests that magnetic susceptibility measurements can be a good proxy of low-level atmospheric dust pollution. The rank order of potentially toxic elements (PTE) based on average concentration was Ba > Zn > Al > Fe > Pb > Mn > Ti > Cu > Cr > Ni >As > Cd > V > Tl, both for TSP and PM1. PM1/TSP ratios for PTE concentrations and χ were around or slightly above unity, which indicated that PM1 was the main carrier of PTE (with the exception of cadmium, copper and lead) and technogenic magnetic particles. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were confirmed by very high values of human health indices.