bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Product Analysis and Variants Derivation Based on a Semantically Annotated Product Family Ontology
Authors: Lim Soon Chong Johnson , Liu Ying , Lee Wing Bun
Published: July 2010

In literature, there are a number of indexes suggested that serve as the indicator of commonality among product components, modules and variants. However, as these elements are increasingly interconnected with aspects other than the component view, the existing commonality metrics are unable to effectively model these aspects due to their limitation in capturing relevant information for analysis. Therefore, there exists a need to consider multiple design and manufacturing aspects in commonality metrics so that a comprehensive view of the commonality among product variants can be presented. In the current representation schemes proposed for product family modeling, ontology is one of the most promising ones to model the complex semantic relations among various elements in a product family. Nevertheless, the research and application of ontology in the analysis of a product family has so far received little attention. In this paper, we proposed a framework to generate a semantically annotated multi-facet product family ontology. Using a case study of a laptop computer family, we suggest and demonstrate a new commonality analysis approach based on the semantically annotated multi-facet laptop product family ontology. Together with a new method of deriving product variants based on the aforementioned ontology, our approach illustrates the merits of using semantic annotation in assisting ontology based product family analysis.
The Tensile Strength Effects on Precipitation Heat Treatment of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Tan CheeFai , Said Md Radzai , Chen Wei
Published: July 2010

The paper presents an experimental study on precipitation of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy to determine the effects of artificial ageing on the effect of strength. The precipitation hardening usually undergoes a thermal treatment, which consists of a solution heat treatment (550°C for 1 hour), quenching (water, at room temperature) and artificial ageing. The experimental study is focused on artificial ageing upon which the temperature is varying between 175°C to 420°C at different period of time. The Vickers hardness test was carried out to evaluate the hardness before and after ageing. The optimum ageing time and temperature were also determined at the end of this experiment to obtain reductions in energy and total cost. The study leads to the conclusion that the optimum aged can be achieve within 175°C to 195°C with 2 to 6 hours of ageing time.
Nonlinear Out-of-Plane Vibration of a Curved Pipe Due to Pulsating Flow
Authors: Nakamura Keita , Yamashita Kiyotaka , Taniguchi Akira , Yoshizawa Masatsugu
Published: July 2010

A great deal of study has been done on the dynamics of straight pipes conveying fluid. Relatively less effort has been directed towards the examination of the dynamics of curved pipes. In this paper, out-of-plane vibrations of a curved pipe due to the pulsating fluid flow are examined. The pipe is hanging horizontally and is supported at both ends. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the nonlinear interaction between the in-plane and the out-of-plane vibrations analytically and experimentally. First, from the physical discussion of the equation for the spatial motion, the parametric excitation of the out-of-plane vibration and the forced excitation of the in-plane vibration most likely occur by the presence of pulsating fluid flow. Second, the complex amplitude equation of the out-of-plane pipe vibration in the case of the principal parametric resonance, is derived. The out-of-plane vibration is excited by the pulsating fluid flow and the nonlinear interaction between in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations. From the nonlinear analysis, it was clarified that the nonlinear interaction between in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations greatly affects the out-of-plane vibration. Third, the experiments were conducted with a silicon rubber pipe. The deflections of the pipe were measured with increasing the frequency of the pulsating flow gradually. In order to observe the principal parametric resonance, the frequency of the pulsating flow was determined as near twice the natural frequency of the out-of-plane vibration for the first mode. We confirm that the in-plane vibration affects the out-of-plane vibration, qualitatively.
Finite Difference Based Electrical Modeling and Vibration Control Simulation of Piezoelectric Structronic Plate System
Authors: Wang L. , Ren B. Y. , Tzou H. S. , Yue H. H.
Published: July 2010

Electrical modeling and vibration control analysis of piezoelectric structronic systems are of great significance in design of new smart structures. However, studies of electrical modeling of piezoelectric structronic plate systems by using voltage signals to evaluate real-time dynamic displacements are scarce in open literatures. An equivalent circuit model is presented to simulate the piezoelectric structronic plate/sensor/actuator system with simply supported boundary conditions, so that the actual physical model could be replaced by a single circuit chip in the future. By means of the finite difference (FD) discretization method, the higher order dynamic partial differential equations (PDE) of plate’s structure/sensor signal/control system are transformed to finite difference equations and further represented by electronic components. Electrical simulation model of the piezoelectric structronic plate systems based on finite difference discretization is established. Meanwhile, an equivalent circuit design program is proposed. Control characteristics of the structronic plate model are analyzed and the control effects are compatible with the results of the numerical model in relevant references. Thus, numerical simulation result presented in this paper can provide a reference for the further research of electrical modeling of more complex piezoelectric structronic plate systems.
Modelling a Flexible Track in Multibody Railroad Dynamic Simulations
Authors: Chamorro Rosario , Escalona Jose´ L.
Published: July 2010

In this investigation a new formulation that can be used to model the track flexibility in railroad dynamic simulations is presented. In contrast to the regular frame of reference formulation used in flexible multibody dynamics, the proposed formulation introduces shape functions for the description of deformation which are defined in a trajectory frame of reference instead of in the body frame of reference. This trajectory frame of reference moves along the track with the same speed as the vehicle does. The selected moving shape functions are those that show a beam on Winkler foundation when a moving load is applied on it. The fact that these functions are not fixed with respect to the body frame introduces new terms for the description of the inertia forces that appear in the track. Results are obtained for an unsuspended wheelset moving on a tangent track for different stiffness foundation. Results are also compared with those obtained on a rigid track.
Analysis of Unbalanced Magnetic Pull Calculation in Generators With Two Pole Pairs
Authors: Frosini Lucia , Pennacchi Paolo , Stoisser Carlo Maria
Published: July 2010

The modelling of the unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) and the analysis of its effects on the dynamical behaviour of a large turbo-generator are presented in this paper. The UMP is the consequence of the electromagnetic forces acting upon rotor and stator generator surfaces and depends on the non-uniform air-gap distribution between rotor and stator. The flexibility and the dynamic effects on the generator behaviour are taken into account by an accurate calculation of the air-gap distribution depending on the position in a generic time instant of the rotor inside the stator. The method is then applied for the vibratory analysis of a two pole pair generator of a steam turbo-set: the harmonic spectrum of the UMP is evaluated and the presence of non-linear effects highlighted.
Constraint-Based Design Support for the Improved Erection of Packaging
Authors: Mullineux Glen , Matthews Jason , Medland Tony
Published: July 2010

Within the consumer goods industry, cartons are a common way to package a variety of products. Although the primary function of the packaging is to protect the product, it is also used as an advertising tool to promote the product. This, in conjunction with environmental pressures to reduce the amount of packaging, often leads to redesigns of the shape and size of the packaging. When such new designs are required, it becomes necessary to simulate their erection to ensure that this functions correctly. In this paper a constraint-based technique is employed to model the carton and to provide such a simulation. It is also possible to model the mechanisms used to erect cartons using the same techniques and hence simulate and improve the way in which carton faces are driven and guided. The techniques are also investigated in their ability to fold origami boxes. It is discovered that the form of the constraints used may need to change during the process, when previous folding operations limit subsequent possible motions.
Mechanical Test of FPCB and Failure Analysis by Simulation
Authors: Zhong Jian , Yang Ping , Li Jian-ping , Sun Hai-bo , Chen Quayle , Xu Leon , Salo Antti
Published: July 2010

The paper mainly presented mechanical test and failure analysis methods to reliability study of a new FPCB (Flexible Printed Circuit Boards). Mechanical tests include flexural test, tensile test and flexural fatigue and ductility test. As to simulation analysis, the stress distributions of FPCB under bending and tensile conditions were gained by simulations. Through in-depth analysis of the testing results, the mechanical reliability of FPCB was known detailed. The research provides an approach to improve FPCB performance.
Modeling of Highway Heights for Vehicle Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Khayyam Hamid , Kouzani Abbas Z. , Abdi Hamid , Nahavandi Saeid
Published: July 2010

This paper presents a method that can be used to produce authentic highway height data using a set of probability distributions. A highway is considered as a complex road which can have any kind of possible geometrical variations. The presented method models highway heights by Rayleigh probabilistic distribution function. The proposed model is then used to produce a random road whose 3D representation is presented. The random roads generated using the proposed method can be used as input for vehicle modeling and simulation applications.
Reliability Analysis of the Crack Life on the Basis of Linear Regression Model With Fuzzy Weight
Authors: Li Haiqing , Du Li , Ma Qiming
Published: July 2010

This paper proposes a novel linear regression with fuzzy weight method, which can eliminate the effect of the abnormal test data on the linear regression and is used to determine crack growth rate curve. Integrating various stochastic and fuzzy factors, and using probability crack growth rate curve and fuzzy probability crack growth rate curve, a novel method of fuzzy reliability analysis of crack life is proposed. A case study is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Application of Scaling and Quasistatic Methods to Study Nonlinear Subdiffusion-Reaction Equations With Fractional Time Derivative
Authors: Kosztolowicz Tadeusz , Lewandowska Katarzyna D.
Published: July 2010

We consider a subdiffusive system where transported particles of spieces A and B chemically react according to the formula A + B → 0̸. This process is described by the nonlinear subdiffusion-reaction equations with fractional time derivatives. We show that the scaling method, which is commonly used to study diffusion-reaction equations of natural order, is not applicable to the subdiffusion case due to the specific properties of fractional derivatives, unless very special assumptions are taken into account. Contrary to the scaling method, the quasistatic one provides the explicite solutions in the diffusion region and the time evolution of reaction front xf, which reads xf = Ktα/2, where α is the subdiffusion parameter and K is uniquely determined. We also present the numerical solutions of subdiffusion-reaction equations and show that the numerical results coincide with the analytical ones.
A New Level-Set Approach for Premixed Flame
Authors: Oshima Nobuyuki
Published: July 2010

This paper proposes a new level-set approach for premixed flame by considering a finite thickness of flame. A previously used G-equation is modified to treat spatial distributions of flame speed and diffusion effect in reaction region, which balance to keep a steady flame shape. Under uniform and non-uniform density condition, two model equations are newly proposed, both of which give a hyperbolic tangent profile to a steady flame shape in their theoretical solutions. A few examinations in one-dimensional and two-dimensional simulation are performed to validate a suitability of the proposed new approach for time-dependent simulation of flame propagation.
The Effect of Thermo-Hydrodynamics on Manual Automotive Transmissions Gear Rattle
Authors: De la Cruz Miguel , Theodossiades Stephanos , Rahnejat Homer , Kelly Patrick
Published: July 2010

Manual transmission gear rattle is the result of repetitive impacts of gear meshing teeth within their backlash. This NVH phenomenon is a major industrial concern and can occur under various loaded or unloaded conditions. It fundamentally differs from other transient NVH phenomena, such as clonk or thud, which are due to impulsive actions. However, they all have their lowest common denominator in the action of contact/impact forces through lubricated contacts. Various forms of rattle have, therefore, been defined: idle rattle, drive rattle, creep rattle and over-run rattle. This paper presents a dynamic transmission model for creep rattle conditions (engaged gear at low engine RPM). The model takes into account the lubricated impact force between a gear teeth pair during a meshing cycle as well as the friction between their flanks. Hertzian contact conditions are applied to the gear pair along the torque path. Additionally, isoviscous hydrodynamic regime of lubrication is assumed for unselected (loose gear pairs) with lightly loaded impact conditions. The highly non-linear impacts induce a range of system response frequencies. These include engine order harmonics, harmonics of meshing frequency and natural frequencies related to contact stiffness. The last of these are dependent on the contact geometry and lubricant rheology. The analysis includes lubricant viscosity variation due to generated contact pressures as well as temperature. For loose gears, subject to oscillations on their retaining bearings, bearing friction is also considered.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on Nonlinear Behavior of Cable-Stayed Bridges
Authors: Michon Guilhem , Berlioz Alain , Lamarque Claude-Henri
Published: July 2010

This paper deals with experimental study and with understanding via a finite number of degrees of freedom model of the vibrations of an inclined cable linked to a continuous beam. This is a simplified version of deck and cable of a bridge. External excitation is exerted on the beam. The cable attached to the end of the beam is submitted to a vertical sinusoidal solicitation due to the response of the finite stiffness beam. The excitation of the cable though it is more complex looks similar to the excitation used in previous works. A guided device located at the end of the beam ensures the excitation with a variation of the horizontal component of the cable tension that introduces a new parametric excitation. Analysis of preliminary experimental results for main and secondary resonances permits us to consider simple modeling with one degree of freedom systems obtained by projection of the continuous three-dimensional model of the cable on adapted Irvine mode. Analytical treatment of these models involving data from the experimental devices shows a correct qualitative agreement between preliminary experiments and theoretical. Continuation technique are used to highlight the influence of physical parameters.
Evaluation and Prioritization of Cross-Linked Requirements in the Automotive Development Process
Authors: Ilie Delia , Lindemann Udo , Kain Andreas
Published: July 2010

During the initial stages of a project, a crucial course is set that can determine the success or failure of the project. During this phase requirements are determined, analyzed and allocated to the corresponding product development phase. Complex products with a high degree of customization require the management of a large amount of information. The prioritization of this information in regard to their time sequence in the product development process has to be analyzed. Interviews conducted in the automotive industry show that the requirement management processes in the early design phases are insufficient and lack solid categorization and prioritization methodologies. This study presents a methodical procedure to improve the allocation of the right information to the right time in the development process. In this methodology, the prioritization of requirements as a function of the degree of cross-linking was achieved through three steps: 1. the evaluation criteria definition, 2. the establishment of a computational procedure, 3. the evaluation of requirements and the calculation of their priority. In the first step, an information prioritization signature was created consisting of a set of relevant information criteria and class structures to allow for the evaluation of the varied spectrum of requirements. In the second step, not only the degree of cross-linking is considered but additionally the types of links between requirements are worked out to allow for prioritization. Finally in the third step, a case study is presented to validate the methodology and provide the reader with an example of how requirements are evaluated and prioritized.
A New Non-Linear Supercapacitor Embedded Model and Its Online Time Identification Method
Authors: Bertrand Nicolas , Sabatier Jocelyn , Vinassa Jean-Michel , Briat Oliver
Published: July 2010

This paper deals with supercapacitor embedded model and its online identification procedure for Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) application. To take into account its non-linear behavior, the strategy used in this paper consists, in a first step, in modeling a supercapacitor by a set of fractional linear systems. Each element of this set represents the behavior of the supercapacitor only around one operating voltage. A global non-linear model is then deduced through an integration method. An online identification procedure has been developed for this non-linear model. Its time behavior has been compared with that of a supercapacitor cell.
Dynamic Modeling of Flat Belt Drives Using the Elastic-Perfectly-Plastic Friction Law
Authors: Kim Dooroo , Leamy Michael , Ferri Aldo
Published: July 2010

An analysis of a physically-motivated friction model called the Elastic/Perfectly-Plastic (EPP) friction model was performed on a steadily rotating flat belt drive. The EPP friction law is modeled as an elastic spring in series with an ideal Coulomb damper. The belt kinematics were developed and the nonlinear equations of motion and equilibrium solutions were derived using Hamilton’s Principle. Unlike the belt mechanics analyzed with Coulomb friction, the current study predicts the absence of adhesion zones. A stability analysis demonstrates that the non-linear equilibrium solution found is stable under local perturbation. A two-pulley belt drive with equal radii is analyzed and the dynamic response is studied. The results are compared to those computed using a dynamic finite element model. Excellent agreement between the two methods is documented.
New Challenges in Road Safety Evaluation: Towards the Development of an Evolutionary Framework
Authors: Fricheteau Romain , Mekhilef Mounib , Pages Yves , Hermitte Thierry
Published: July 2010

As road safety issues become increasingly complex and involve various stakeholders, designing of safety actions as on-board vehicle safety systems or public policy measures needs knowledge that describes the performance level to fulfil the objectives. Performance is assessed by evaluating designed actions as regards their functional specifications. By its ability to create new knowledge, evaluation is also used to improve existing actions or to specify road safety strategies. However, given the complexity of the evaluation activity and its context, experts consider that the existing knowledge is insufficient. One considers that this situation reflects the lack of a theoretical framework. In particular, there is no way to identify emerging assessment issues due to the insertion of new safety systems and the emergence of new users’ behaviours. In this paper, we introduce a framework that describes the design of the evaluation methods in the field of road safety. It is used as a guide to build new evaluation models for specific stakeholders and viewpoints. This framework is based on the identification of the objectives to be achieved and the use of the evaluators’ expertise.
How Well Does a Musculoskeletal Model Predict GH-Joint Contact Forces? Comparison With In-Vivo Data
Authors: Asadi Nikooyan A. , Veeger H. E. J. , Westerhoff P. , Graichen F. , Bergmann G. , van der Helm F. C. T.
Published: July 2010

The Delft Shoulder and Elbow Model (DSEM), a large-scale musculoskeletal model, allows for estimation of individual muscle and joint reaction forces in the shoulder and elbow complex. Although the model has been qualitatively verified previously using EMG signals, quantitative validation has not yet been feasible. In this paper we report on the validation of the DSEM by comparing the GH-joint contact forces estimated by the DSEM with the in-vivo forces measured by a recently developed instrumented shoulder endoprosthesis, capable of measuring the glenohumeral (GH) joint contact forces in-vivo [1]. To validate the model, two patients with instrumented shoulder hemi-arthroplasty were measured. The measurement process included the collection of motion data as well as in-vivo joint reaction forces. Segment and joint angles were used as the model inputs to estimate the GH-joint contact forces. The estimated and recorded GH-joint contact forces for Range of Motion (RoM) and force tasks were compared based on the magnitude of the resultant forces. The results show that the estimated force follows the measured force for abduction and anteflexion motions up to 80 and 50 degrees arm elevations, respectively, while they show different behaviors for angles above 90 degrees (decrease is estimated but increase is measured). The DSEM underestimates the peak force for RoM (up to 38% for abduction motion and 64% for anteflexion motion), while overestimates the peak forces (up to 90%) for most directions of performing the force tasks.
Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics in Heavy-Duty Wheels: A First Experimental Approach
Authors: Malago` Marco , Mucchi Emiliano , Dalpiaz Giorgio
Published: July 2010

This paper assesses and compares the effectiveness of different analysis techniques for fault detection and diagnostics in heavy-duty wheels by using vibro-acoustic data. Firstly, different defect types have been artificially created on the wheels, trying to replicate anomalies that could really happen within the manufacturing process. Hence, different sensors and test conditions have been tested in order to determine the set up that at the best highlights the anomalies of the wheels; moreover the Time Synchronous Average (TSA) has been computed to reduce measurement noise. Kurtosis statistical coefficient has been used to detect defect presence (condition monitoring step), whereas frequency analysis, time-frequency analysis and signal trend have been performed for identifying the type of defect (diagnosis step). Finally, the effectiveness and the limitations of the above-mentioned techniques and diagnostics procedures are compared and discussed in order to define a systematic control at the end of the production line.
FPGA Implementation of a Soft Sensor for the Estimation of the Freezing Point of Kerosene
Authors: Caponetto Riccardo , Dongola Giovanni , Gallo Antonio , Xibilia Maria Gabriella
Published: July 2010

A new strategy to realize an FPGA implementation of a soft sensor for an industrial process is proposed. The proposed approach is based on the integration on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) of a neural networks. The proposed method has been applied to develop a soft sensor for the estimation of the freezing point of kerosene in an atmospheric distillation unit (topping) working in a refinery in Sicily, Italy.
Mixed Reality Design of Control Strategies
Authors: Geiger Christian , Sto¨cklein Jo¨rg , Berssenbru¨gge Jan , Paelke Volker
Published: July 2010

Virtual prototyping has become an established design tool in complex interdisciplinary development processes. The use of functional models that enable real-time simulation as stand-ins for hardware components that are still under development has many benefits as an analysis and validation tool for developers and designers and as well as a presentation tools for communication with management and customers. Due to these benefits virtual prototyping has seen increasing acceptance in recent years, especially in the development of systems that involve complex interactions between components or require the integration of newly developed hardware. In this paper we demonstrate that the principles of virtual prototyping can also be effectively applied to the development of new user interfaces and control strategies. We describe how such an approach can be embedded into the framework of the mixed reality continuum and complement this with concrete development support through a system design pattern that extends the well established model-view-controller pattern from software engineering. The approach is demonstrated with the development of interaction techniques and the corresponding control strategies for an unmanned aerial vehicle.
Component Mode Synthesis Method Using Partial Interface Modes: Application to Tuned and Mistuned Bladed Disk With Local Non-Linearity
Authors: Tran Duc-Minh
Published: July 2010

A new fixed interface component mode synthesis method using partial interface modes is presented. Partial interface modes are the structure normal modes which result from the static condensation of the structure to the interface between the substructures and which are clamped at a part of this interface. This method is the generalization of the classical component mode synthesis method which keeps all the interface physical displacements in the assembled reduced system and the method using interface modes which eliminates all of them. It allows one to reduce the number of the interface generalized coordinates and at the same time to keep some of the physical displacements at the interface. This latter capability is very useful to build reduced order models in which the presence of physical displacements are essential, for example in order to impose prescribed motions or to take into account local non-linearities. The new method is applied to a bladed disk in both tuned and mistuned cases.
About the System Design of a Fuel-Cell / SuperCap Hybrid Powertrain
Authors: O¨zbek Markus , So¨ffker Dirk
Published: July 2010

This contribution is based on previous work of the authors and emphasizes the dynamical behavior and design of a fuel-cell driven hybrid powertrain for small vehicles. From a given load profile, a brief discussion will be presented on how to size the fuel-cells and SuperCaps in stationary consideration. The dynamics of the load profile, however put requirements on the system components and affect strongly their life time, in particular the fuel-cells. Especially, the load profile used here which is based on a measured profile from an industrial fork-lift, is very dynamic with large and fast power peaks. Using a Hardware-in-the-Loop test rig of the whole system, two different topologies are used to investigate which one is best suited for a defined industrial application. Further on, conventional led-batteries and SuperCaps with equivalent weight and volume are compared as the energy storage of the system. Finally, a power management to avoid fast transients from the fuel-cells in order to mitigate a fast deterioration is implemented. It will be shown that Super–Caps with the so called Range Extender topology are best suited and an adaptive controller for the output voltage of the DC/DC-converter is used to prevent fast dynamics in order to increase their lifetime.
Design Procedure of a Nonlinear Vibration Absorber Using Bifurcation Analysis: Application to the Drill-String System
Authors: Viguie´ Re´gis , Kerschen Gae¨tan
Published: July 2010

A nonlinear energy sink (NES) is characterized by its ability to passively realize targeted energy transfer as well as multimodal damping. This latter feature seems to make this device very well suited for reducing the vibration level of MDOF linear and nonlinear structures. The perspective of dealing with such primary structures requires the development of an efficient NES design procedure. This paper poses the basis of such a procedure that is applied to the vibration mitigation of a drill-string system, using the software MatCont.
Rolling Element Bearing Fault Classification Using K-Means Frequency Domain Based Clustering
Authors: Yiakopoulos Christos , Gryllias Konstantinos , Antoniadis Ioannis
Published: July 2010

Condition monitoring is becoming increasingly important in industry due to the need of increased reliability and decreased loss of production caused by machine breakdown. However, most techniques presently available require a good level of expertise in order to apply them successfully. Therefore, there is a demand for techniques that can make decisions on the running health of a machine automatically and without the need for a specialist to examine the data and diagnose the problem. Artificial neural networks (ANN), fuzzy c-means (FCM), hierchical and partitional clustering, and support vector machines (SVM) have been applied in automated detection and diagnosis of machine conditions. Most of these methods require training based on experimental data both from the healthy as well as the defective machine. This fact significantly diminishes their practical applicability. For this reason, the well established K-means clustering partitional method is proposed in this paper, due to its ease of programming and because it accomplishes a good trade-off between achieved performance and computational complexity. The first step in K-means clustering is finding a set of initial centers. The algorithm is significantly sensitive to the initial randomly selected clusters’ centers. In this paper, in order to overcome this limitation, the initial centers are selected by features extracted from signals simulating the dynamic behavior of bearings under normal condition or under special types of defects (outer or inner race defect). After the selection of the centers of the clusters, the method can be directly implemented to signals measured from the industrial environment. As shown in three different industrial cases, each containing a set of 5 successive measurements following the evolution of a defect, the method is able to identify and appropriately classify the bearing defect. Critical to the success of the method is the type of features extracted from the signals. Some features seem to be irrelevant and redundant in fault diagnosis of rotating machinery, resulting to low diagnosis accuracy. Thus, in order to increase the effectiveness and improve the simplicity of the procedure, a set of features is proposed in this paper, able to clearly characterize the existence and the type of the defect. These features are mostly based on appropriately selected frequency domain parameters. Comparing the proposed frequency domain features to traditional time domain statistical features, indicates the relevance and superiority of the proposed feature set, resulting in 100% success in all 15 measurements of all 3 test cases.
The Fractional Morphology and Growth Rate of the Nautilus Pompilius: Preliminary Results Based on the R1-Fractional Trigonometry
Authors: Lorenzo Carl F.
Published: July 2010

This paper studies the morphology and evolutionary growth of the Nautilus pompilius based on the fractional R1-trigonometry. Morphological models based on the fractional trigonometry are shown to be superior to those of the commonly assumed logarithmic spiral. The R1-trigonometric functions further infer fractional differential equations which, based on power law parametric functions, are used to develop a fractional growth equation modeling evolution from conception to maturity.
An Activity Based Approach to Sustainability Assessments
Authors: Romaniw Yuriy , Bras Bert , Guldberg Tina
Published: July 2010

This article begins by introducing a method for life cycle and sustainability assessments. The methodology uses an activity based object oriented approach to define classes of elements with prescribed common properties and behaviors. This method improves upon existing models by providing a platform on which multiple perspectives of a single element can be represented. Furthermore, this approach makes elements easier to manipulate and makes it easier to modify the model while maintaining its ability to integrate with other systems to generate a more complete representation and assessment. Next, this article defines a structural framework that will be used to model a system. This framework is composed of three parts that outline how objects are classified, how they are structured in a specific case, and a model that stores the raw data needed for computations. This article hypothetical example of a manufactured part and demonstrates how the model would look. Then, the model looks at what a real part would look like when defined in terms of the model, though the real part is not fully realized in the model. The hypothetical part model demonstrates some capabilities of the object oriented approach, while steps for expanding the model to a more complex system are presented as part of future work. Finally, some existing work that has been done to turn the framework into an executable model discussed.
Generalized Orthogonal Complement Based Divide and Conquer Algorithm for Constrained Multibody Dynamics
Authors: Mukherjee Rudranarayan M. , Anderson Kurt S.
Published: July 2010

This paper presents an extension of the orthogonal complement based divide and conquer algorithm for constraint multi-rigid body systems containing closed kinematic loops in generalized topologies. In its current form, its a short article demonstrating the methodology for assembling the equations of motion in a hierarchic assembly process for systems containing multiple loops in generalized topologies.
Software Tool for Evaluation of Environmental Indicators Using CAD Models Early in the Design Cycle
Authors: Kalyanasundaram Vigneshwar , Bras Bert
Published: July 2010

Design for Environment (DfE) has become an important consideration in design processes in various industries. However, designers are typically burdened by product functionality and cost reduction objectives. The complexity of environmental analyses of designs makes the implementation of DfE principles that much harder. Software tools that perform quick estimates of the environmental impact for a given design option will assist designers in developing products that are environmentally friendly. The near universal adoption of CAD software packages for product design means that CAD models provide us with a valuable source of information for developing such tools. The paper proposes a design for a software tool that will generate quantitative indicators using volume and material data from CAD models. The indicators are generated with minimal input from the designer and are intended to enable the comparison of multiple design options. The availability of these indicators is intended to promote environmentally responsible design by minimizing content levels of restricted substance and the environmental cost of production. The paper discusses the data sources required, the database design, calculation methodology and two possible software architectures for the software tool.
Uniform Heating Device for a Paper Mill Process
Authors: Guntur Krishna , Amano R. S. , Athreya Brinda
Published: July 2010

Paper mills use elaborated drying process using hot rollers to dry the paper. In the recent past, use of hot air for drying has gained some interest. The main disadvantage of this method is non-uniform air temperature, which will cause lateral shrinkage of the paper. This paper discusses a new drying system. The process incorporates a porous medium to ensure uniform temperature by flattening the velocity distribution. The new system requires less equipment pieces and utilized less space for the drying process. A cloth is used in place of paper to increase the repeatability of the experiment. This experiment utilized a conveyor system to transport the cloth within the heater section. Variables concerning velocity and temperature values of the heated air, and heater intensity were adjusted to produce the different drying conditions. Forced air propane heater was used as the heat source. Design modifications were made so that the heater is more suitable for this process. The results showed significant improvement of the velocity and feasibility of extending this technology to the actual scale.
Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer in Variable Geometry U-Bend Blade Cooling Passage
Authors: Guntur Krishna , Amano R. S. , Martinez Lucci Jose
Published: July 2010

In modern gas turbine blades it has been a common practice to use cooling passages in gas turbine blades. In cooling processes blades have excessive thermal stresses, causing creep, oxidizing and also melting in some cases. Therefore fully understanding of the flow characteristics in the U-bend is important in designing cooling passages. The interactions between secondary flows and separation lead to very complex flow patterns. To accurately simulate these flows and heat transfer, and to improve the cooling performance, both refined turbulence models and higher-order numerical schemes are indispensable tools for turbine designers. It is the conventional belief and practice that the usage of a proper turbulence model and a reliable numerical method achieves accurate computations. The three-dimensional turbulent flows and heat transfer in a square U-bend duct are numerically studied by using a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model. Simulation using k-ω, k-ε and RSM models has been previously reported, and used here to compare with the LES simulation. The finite volume method incorporated with higher-order bounded interpolation scheme has been employed in the present study. The objective of this study is to validate the simulation of LES model with the experimental results. Three different Reynolds numbers, 36000, 60000 and 100000, were used. This study concludes that the RSM is a better model, for Re = 36,000 and 60,000.
Finite Element Determination of Beam Surface Stresses Due to Multiple Delamination
Authors: Dauda Benjamin , Oyadiji S. Olutunde , Potluri Prassad
Published: July 2010

The finite element method is used to analyse the through-the-width stress distribution characteristics of single and multiple delaminated cantilevered composite beams. Single delaminations of fixed length, which are located at different through-the-thickness locations, and multiple delaminations of sequential and diagonal configurations are investigated. The total length of multiple delaminations in a beam was made equal to the fixed length of a single delamination. The results show that the configurations and spatial distributions of multiple delaminations have significant effects on the magnitude of the maximum stresses induced in the beams. Beams in which most of the delaminations are concentrated around the mid-plane of the beam show higher stresses than beams in which most of the delaminations are concentrated close to the surface of the laminate. However, delaminations close to the surfaces of the beams exhibit higher stresses at the tips of the delaminations.
Vibration Analysis of 3-D Axisymmetric Multilayered Piezoelectric Circular Cylindrical Shell Under Moving Load Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Payravi Alireza , Farid Mehrdad , Mirzaei Elyas
Published: July 2010

In this paper, the dynamic behavior of a cylindrical layerwise piezoelectric shell under moving load is studied. The load is an internal constant pressure moving with constant velocity. This type of loading is studied in this paper for the first time. After showing the validity of the proposed approach, the effects of various parameters such as the pressure, the inside diameter, the various type of piezoelectric materials and the thickness of cylinder are investigated.
Analysis of Rotor Bearing Systems With Uncertainties: A Fuzzy Approach
Authors: Rao Singiresu S. , Qiu Yazhao
Published: July 2010

The components of most structural and mechanical systems exhibit considerable variations or uncertainties in their properties and the performance characteristics of such systems are subject to uncertainties. In the case of a rotor bearing system, the nonlinear bearing restoring force is usually represented as a third or fourth power of displacement or as a piecewise linear function of displacement. The coefficients of these models are acquired from experiments and approximations, and will vary considerably during the operation of the bearing. Hence it is more reasonable to treat them as uncertain values. Other bearing parameters such as the inertial properties of concentrated disks, distributed mass and damping of the rotating assemblies are also uncertain due to manufacturing and assembly errors and imprecise operating conditions. It is known that the vibration response of a rotor is highly sensitive to small fluctuations or variations in the bearing parameters. Therefore, any realistic analysis and design of rotor-bearing systems must take the uncertainties into account. In this paper, a methodology is presented for the fuzzy analysis of nonlinear rotor-bearing systems along with numerical results to demonstrate the computational feasibility of the methodology.
Time Fractional Differential Equation Model With Random Derivative Order
Authors: Sun Hongguang , Chen Yangquan , Chen Wen
Published: July 2010

This paper proposes a new type of fractional differential equation model, named time fractional differential equation model, in which noise term is included in the time derivative order. The new model is applied to anomalous relaxation and diffusion processes suffering noisy field. The analysis and numerical simulation results show that our model can well describes the feature of these processes. We also find that the scale parameter and the frequency of the noise play a crucial role in the behaviors of these systems. At the end, we recognize some potential applications of this new model.
A Hybrid Command-Shaping Control System for Highly Accelerated Double-Pendulum Gantry Cranes
Authors: Masoud Ziyad N. , Alhazza Khalid A. , Majeed Majed A. , Abu-Nada Eiyad A.
Published: July 2010

A gantry cranes is generally modeled as a simple-pendulum with a point mass attached to the end of a massless rigid link. Numerous control systems have been developed to reduce payload oscillations in order to improve safety and positioning accuracy of crane operations. However, large-size payloads transforms the crane model from a simple-pendulum system to a double-pendulum system. Control systems that consider only one mode of oscillations of a double-pendulum may excite large oscillations in the other mode. In multi-degrees-of-freedom systems, command-shaping controllers designed for the first mode may eliminate oscillations of higher modes provided that their frequencies are odd integer multiples of the first mode frequency. In this work, a hybrid command-shaping controller is designed to generate acceleration commands to suppress travel and residual oscillations of a highly accelerated double-pendulum gantry crane. It is shown that the suggested hybrid command-shaper is capable of minimizing oscillations of both modes of a scaled experimental double-pendulum model of a gantry crane. Results show that the hybrid command-shaper produces a reduction of 95% in residual oscillations in both modes of the double-pendulum over the time-optimal rigid-body commands.
Identification of the Reduced Dynamics of a Physical Flexible Three-Beam Structure
Authors: Georgiou Ioannis T.
Published: July 2010

An experimental spatiotemporal database for the free dynamics of the local transverse acceleration field of a flexible three-beam structure is created by employing a single sensor. A POD-based dimension reduction reveals that the database is dominated by a single POD mode with slow dynamics and a shape that reflects the acceleration discontinuities at the right corners of the structure. This mode interacts with the second POD mode with dynamics evolving at a relatively faster time scale. In the long time term, the dominant POD mode is dominated by a single harmonic indicating that the dynamics have entered a reduced subspace containing only slow dynamics. The dominant POD mode as well as the second one of the database generated by a relocating sensor seems to be related to normal modes of vibration. The shape of the dominant POD mode reveals the dominant physics of the specific three-beam structure: the cantilevered beam moves in its first mode while the horizontal and the other vertical beams perform a near rigid motion. This should be true for a wide rage of three-beam structures.
Automated Residential Energy Monitoring: An Approach to Performance Comparisons
Authors: Wright Christopher D. , Stone Robert B.
Published: July 2010

Techniques for residential energy usage monitoring is an emerging field that is currently drawing significant attention. This paper is a description of the current efforts to monitor and compare the performance of three solar-powered homes built at Missouri University of Science and Technology. The homes are outfitted with an array of sensors and a data logger system to measure and record electricity production, system energy use, internal home temperature and humidity, hot water production, and exterior ambient conditions the houses are experiencing. Data will be collected to measure the performance of the houses, compare to energy modeling programs, design and develop cost effective sensor systems for energy monitoring, and produce a cost effective home control system.
Semantic Relatedness Measures for Identifying Relationships in Product Development Processes
Authors: Witherell Paul , Krishnamurty Sundar , Grosse Ian , Wileden Jack
Published: July 2010

The Semantic Web, especially in relation to ontologies, provides a structured, formal framework for knowledge interoperability. This trait has been exploited by both the biomedical community in development of the Human Gene Ontology [1] and also by geographers in development of geospatial ontologies [2]. Using semantic relatedness techniques, researchers from both communities have been able to develop and integrate comprehensive knowledge bases. Beyond knowledge integration, semantic relatedness techniques have also been able to provide each community with a unique insight into relationships between concepts in their respective domains. In the engineering community, semantic relatedness techniques promise to provide similar insight into product development processes. This paper explores the application of semantic relatedness techniques to ontologies as a means towards improved knowledge management in product development processes. Several different semantic relatedness techniques are reviewed, including a recently developed meronomic technique specific to domain ontologies. Three of these techniques are adopted to create a semantic relatedness measure specifically designed to identify and rank underlying relationships that exist between aspects of the product development process. Four separate case studies are then presented to evaluate the relative accuracy of the developed algorithm and then determine its effectiveness in exposing underlying relationships.