bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early complications of percutaneous K-wire fixation in pediatric distal radius fractures—a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wasiak Michał , Piekut Maciej , Ratajczak Karol , Waśko Marcin
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Distal radius fractures (DRF) are the most common pediatric fractures, but the current evidence for management remains inconclusive. Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) provide excellent stability but are not complications-free. Therefore, a thorough evaluation of their adverse events is necessary to provide reliable information on risks and benefits in different clinical scenarios. The current literature lacks studies conducted with rigorous grading systems and uniform follow-up protocols on this topic. This prospective cohort study used a validated grading scheme to analyze complications associated with CRPP in an unselected pediatric population with displaced, unstable distal third radius fractures.

Materials and methods

One hundred and nineteen DRFs (one hundred and sixteen patients) treated with CRPP were enrolled in the study. All patients were followed 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after the surgery. The same protocol, comprising structured history, physical and radiological assessment, was used throughout the study. All data were prospectively abstracted. The Clavien–Dindo–Sink grading system was used to assess the complications and the Dahl score to evaluate the pin sites.

Results

Forty-two wrists (35,3%) had CDS grade I or II complications, and two (1,7%) had a grade III complication. The general complication rate for the study group was 37% (44 complications). Two patients required repeated surgery—deep bone pin-track infection treated with the Masquelet technique and surgical removal of a migrated pin. Among minor complications, pin-site inflammations were the most common—40 wrists (33,6%).

Conclusions

The CRPP is a safe treatment method for DRF in pediatric patients, with a low major complication rate. However, minor adverse events are frequent and can significantly burden the patient’s postoperative well-being. The application of rigorous definitions and grading systems should not only lead to the obtainment of high-quality data but also to higher awareness of possible pin tract infections and therefore allow for better therapeutic decisions.
Basins of Escape of the Particle’s Planar Motion in the Rectilinear (3 $$\varvec{+}$$ 1)-Body Ring Problem
Authors: Belgharbi Ibrahim , Navarro Juan F.
Published: July 2023

The objective of this work is to study the motion of an infinitesimal particle in the gravitational field of three big bodies in a ring configuration consisting of two peripheral and one central bodies, when the energy of the particle does not allow the escape from the potential well of the system. We have numerically determined the basins of escape using a new surface of section. Additionally, we have computed and analyzed the geometry of the set of asymptotic trajectories of the periodic orbit that governs the escape from the neighborhood of one of the two satellites, which also defines the limiting curves of the basins of escape from this region.
Flap perfusion monitoring with an attached surface probe in microvascular reconstruction of the oral cavity
Authors: Ooms Mark , Winnand Philipp , Heitzer Marius , Peters Florian , Bock Anna , Katz Marie , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Postoperative flap monitoring is essential in oral microvascular reconstruction for timely detection of vascular compromise. This study investigated the use of attached surface probes for the oxygen-2-see (O2C) analysis system (LEA Medizintechnik, Germany) for intraoral flap perfusion monitoring.

Materials and methods

The study included 30 patients who underwent oral reconstruction with a microvascular radial-free forearm flap (RFFF) or anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) between 2020 and 2022. Flap perfusion was measured with attached (3-mm measurement depth) and unattached surface probes (2- and 8-mm measurement depths) for the O2C analysis system at 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h postoperatively. Flap perfusion monitoring with attached surface probes was evaluated for cut-off values for flap blood flow, hemoglobin concentration, and hemoglobin oxygen saturation indicative of vascular compromise and for accuracy and concordance with unattached surface probes.

Results

Three RFFFs were successfully revised, and one ALTF was unsuccessfully revised. The cut-off values indicative of vascular compromise for flap perfusion monitoring with attached surface probes were for RFFF and ALTF: blood flow < 60 arbitrary units (AU) and < 40AU, hemoglobin concentration > 100AU and > 80AU (both > 10% increase), and hemoglobin oxygen saturation < 40% and < 30%. Flap perfusion monitoring with attached surface probes yielded a 97.1% accuracy and a Cohen’s kappa of 0.653 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Flap perfusion monitoring with attached surface probes for the O2C analysis system detected vascular compromise accurately and concordantly with unattached surface probes.

Clinical relevance

Attached surface probes for the O2C analysis system are a feasible option for intraoral flap perfusion monitoring.
Electrochemical studies of catechol at ordinary and mesoporous platinum electrodes via convolutive voltammetry and numerical simulation methods
Authors: El-Hallag Ibrahim S. , Al-Owais Ahmed A. , El-Mossalamy Elsayed H.
Published: July 2023

On the normal platinum electrode and mesoporous Pt electrode, the electrochemical behaviour of catechol was studied using convolutive cyclic voltammetry and numerical simulation. The nanostructured mesoporous platinum structure was electrochemically deposited from the hexadic liquid crystalline template of C16EO8 surfactant. The electrocatalytic feature and reversibility of the mesoporous platinum electrode within the oxidation of catechol in 1.0 M HClO4 have been found to be extraordinary. At ordinary and mesoporous platinum electrodes, the separation between the peaks (∆Ep) became reduced from 430 to 75 mV vs. SCE. Catechol cyclic voltammograms show one anodic peak inside the forward scan, but the corresponding cathodic one disappears in the reverse direction, and a new peak is observed at a lower potential value at the ordinary Pt electrode. In the case of the mesoporous Pt electrode, the voltammogram gives one anodic peak inside the first scan of potential and one cathodic peak inside the reverse direction. On the basis of the electrochemical behaviour, we conclude an ECEC mechanism for the electrochemical oxidation of catechol in 1.0 M HClO4 at each electrode. A numerical simulation was used to verify the proposed electrode response.

Graphical Abstract
Retrospective analysis of COVID-19 patients with Guillain–Barre, Miller–Fisher, and opsoclonus–myoclonus–ataxia syndromes—a case series
Authors: Olbert Elisabeth , Alhani Naela , Struhal Walter
Published: July 2023

Background

In accordance with the rising number of SARS-CoV‑2 infections, reports of neurological complications have also increased. They include cerebrovascular diseases but also immunological diseases such as Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS), Miller–Fisher syndrome (MFS), and opsoclonus–myoclonus–ataxia syndrome (OMAS). While GBS and MFS are typical postinfectious complications, OMAS has only recently been described in the context of COVID-19. GBS, MFS, and OMAS can occur as para- and postinfectious, with different underlying pathomechanisms depending on the time of neurological symptom onset. The study aimed to describe clinical features, time between infection and onset of neurological symptoms, and outcome for these diseases.

Methods

All COVID-19 patients treated in the neurological ward between January 2020 and December 2022 were screened for GBS, MFS, and OMAS. The clinical features of all patients, with a particular focus on the time of onset of neurological symptoms, were analyzed.

Results

This case series included 12 patients (7 GBS, 2 MFS, 3 OMAS). All GBS and one MFS patient received immunomodulatory treatment. Three patients (2 GBS, 1 OMAS) had a severe COVID-19 infection and received mechanical ventilation. In patients with OMAS, only one patient received treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and cortisone. The remaining two patients, both with disease onset concurrent with SARS-COV‑2 infection, recovered swiftly without treatment. In all subgroups, patients with concurrent onset of neurological symptoms and COVID-19 infection showed a trend toward shorter disease duration.

Conclusion

All patient groups displayed a shorter disease duration if the onset of neurological symptoms occurred shortly after the COVID-19 diagnosis. In particular, both the OMAS patients with symptom onset concurrent with COVID-19 showed only abortive symptoms followed by a swift recovery. This observation would suggest different pathomechanisms for immune-mediated diseases depending on the time of onset after an infection.
Can I speak to the manager? The gender dynamics of decision-making in Kenyan maize plots
Authors: Voss Rachel C , Gitonga Zachary M. , Donovan Jason , Garcia-Medina Mariana , Muindi Pauline
Published: July 2023

Gender and social inclusion efforts in agricultural development are focused on making uptake of agricultural technologies more equitable. Yet research looking at how gender relations influence technology uptake often assumes that men and women within a household make farm management decisions as individuals. Relatively little is understood about the dynamics of agricultural decision-making within dual-adult households where individuals’ management choices are likely influenced by others in the household. This study used vignettes to examine decision-making related to maize plot management in 698 dual-adult households in rural Kenya. The results indicated a high degree of joint management of maize plots (55%), although some management decisions—notably those related to purchased inputs—were slightly more likely to be controlled by men, while other decisions—including those related to hiring of labor and maize end uses—were more likely to be made by women. The prevalence of joint decision-making underscores the importance of ensuring that both men’s and women’s priorities and needs are reflected in design and marketing of interventions to support maize production, including those related to seed systems, farmer capacity building, and input delivery.
Aporophobic and Homeless Victimisation—the Case of Ghent
Authors: García Domínguez Isabel , Vander Beken Tom
Published: July 2023

Aporophobia, the rejection of poor people, is a major social problem with known harmful consequences, especially for the most excluded in our society, i.e., homeless people. However, this phenomenon has been only rarely studied using testable means on the ground. This article reports on empirical research conducted on a sample of homeless people in Ghent, Belgium. The principal objective was to analyse aporophobic discriminatory incidents and hate crimes which were experienced by around 50% of the respondents. The most common offences were property crimes, particularly thefts and robberies, with the belief being that the perpetrators were motivated to perform these crimes as they saw this particular demographic group as more helpless and vulnerable. Moreover, the victims usually experienced more than one crime and different typologies. Unfortunately, underreporting was pronounced. It is therefore necessary to increase the visibility of these crimes and the reporting rate, as well as to reduce victimisation. To this end, it is essential to know the real scope of such crimes and their characteristics.
Pulmonary vein isolation durability and lesion regression in patients with recurrent arrhythmia after pulsed-field ablation
Authors: Kueffer Thomas , Stefanova Anita , Madaffari Antonio , Seiler Jens , Thalmann Gregor , Kozhuharov Nikola , Maurhofer Jens , Galuszka Oskar , Haeberlin Andreas , Noti Fabian , Servatius Helge , Tanner Hildegard , Roten Laurent , Reichlin Tobias
Published: July 2023

Background

A novel multipolar pulsed-field ablation (PFA) catheter has recently been introduced for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Pre-market data showed high rates for PVI-durability during mandatory remapping studies.

Objective: To present post-market data in patients with recurrent arrhythmias.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing a redo procedure after an index PFA PVI using a bipolar-biphasic PFA system were included. 3-D electro-anatomical maps (3D-EAM) on redo procedure were compared to the 3D-EAM acquired after ablation during the index procedure. PVI durability was assessed on a per-vein and per-patient level and the sites of reconnections were identified. Furthermore, lesion extent around veins with durable isolation was compared to study lesion regression.

Results

Of 341 patients treated with a PFA PVI, 29 (8.5%) underwent a left atrial redo ablation due to arrhythmia recurrence. At the end of the index procedure, 110/112 veins (98%, four common ostia) were isolated. On redo procedures performed a median of 6 months after the first ablation, 3D-EAM identified 69/110 (63%) PVs with durable isolation. In 6 (21%) patients, all PVs were durably isolated. Reconnections were more often found on the right-sided veins and on the anterior aspects of the upper veins. Only minor lesion regression was observed between the index and redo procedure (a median of 3 mm (0 – 9.5) on the posterior wall).

Conclusion

In patients with arrhythmia recurrence after PFA PVI using a first-generation PFA device, durable isolation was observed in 63% of the veins and 21% of the patients showed durable isolation of all previously isolated veins.

Graphical abstract
Cutoff on Trees is Rare
Authors: Gantert Nina , Nestoridi Evita , Schmid Dominik
Published: July 2023

We study the simple random walk on trees and give estimates on the mixing and relaxation times. Relying on a seminal result by Basu, Hermon and Peres characterizing cutoff on trees, we give geometric criteria that are easy to verify and allow to determine whether the cutoff phenomenon occurs. We provide a general characterization of families of trees with cutoff, and show how our criteria can be used to prove the absence of cutoff for several classes of trees, including spherically symmetric trees, Galton–Watson trees of a fixed height, and sequences of random trees converging to the Brownian continuum random tree.
The polysemy of proper names
Authors: Kijania-Placek Katarzyna
Published: July 2023

Proper names are usually considered devices of singular reference but, when considered as word-types, they also exhibit other kinds of uses. In this paper I intend to show that systematic kinds of uses of proper names considered as word-types can be accounted for by a generalized rule-based conception of systematic polysemy, one which not only postulates a multiplicity of stable senses for an expression, but also a multiplicity of content generating rules, each of which determines potentially different contents in different contexts. In contrast to the currently extant polysemous conceptions of proper names (Leckie in Philos Stud 165:1139–1160, 2013), which only encompass individual and predicative uses, the presented proposal concerns all systematic uses of proper names considered in the literature, i.e., individual, predicative, deferred, descriptive, anaphoric, and bound uses of proper names. The resulting conception accommodates referential intuition about the default individual uses of proper names while also admitting other kinds of uses without generating homonymy. It transpires that proper names are semantically underdetermined and context-sensitive expressions.
q-Poincaré Inequalities on Carnot Groups with Filiform Type Lie Algebra
Authors: Chatzakou Marianna , Federico Serena , Zegarlinski Boguslaw
Published: July 2023

In this paper we prove (global) q- Poincaré inequalities for probability measures on nilpotent Lie groups with filiform Lie algebra of any length. The probability measures under consideration have a density with respect to the Haar measure given as a function of a suitable homogeneous norm.
Supportive care needs in Australian melanoma patients and caregivers: results from a quantitative cross-sectional survey
Authors: Thompson Jake R. , Fu Hong , Saw Robyn P. M. , Sherman Kerry A. , Beedle Victoria , Atkinson Victoria , Boyle Frances , O’Sullivan Niamh A. , Martin Linda K. , Bartula Iris
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the supportive care needs of Australian melanoma patients and their caregivers to form the basis for improving services.

Methods

General and melanoma-related supportive care needs in melanoma patients were measured using the SCNS-SF34 and SCNS-M12 respectively, whereas caregivers completed the SCNS-P&C. Patients also completed the MCQ-28 and FCRI-9, with all participants completing the QLQ-C30, DASS-21, and questions measuring utilisation and preference for supportive health services. Multivariable stepwise logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with unmet needs in melanoma patients.

Results

A total of 56 early-stage patients, 100 advanced-stage patients, and 37 caregivers participated. At least three-quarters ($$\ge$$
≥
75%) of each participant group reported at least one unmet need. Of the ten most reported unmet needs in each participant group, at least six ($$\ge$$
≥
60%) were related to psychological and emotional well-being, with access to a psychologist the most desired service (> 25%). Fear of cancer recurrence was equally prevalent in both patient groups at a level indicative of need for intervention. Advanced-stage patients reported significantly (p < 0.05) more unmet psychological, physical and daily living, and sexuality needs, and significantly (p < 0.05) worse functioning than early-stage patients.

Conclusion

Australian melanoma patients and caregivers report substantial unmet supportive care needs, particularly regarding their psychological and emotional well-being. Psychological and emotional well-being services, such as access to a clinical psychologist or implementation of patient-reported outcome measures, should be incorporated into routine melanoma care to address unmet patient and caregiver needs and improve well-being.
Kinetic and Computational Studies of CO Oxidation and PROX on Cu/CeO2 Nanospheres
Authors: Tangpakonsab Parinya , Genest Alexander , Yang Jingxia , Meral Ali , Zou Bingjie , Yigit Nevzat , Schwarz Sabine , Rupprechter Günther
Published: July 2023

As supported CuO is well-known for low temperature activity, CuO/CeO2 nanosphere catalysts were synthesized and tested for CO oxidation and preferential oxidation of CO (PROX) in excess H2. For the first reaction, ignition was observed at 95 °C, whereas selective PROX occurred in a temperature window from 50 to 100 °C. The catalytic performance was independent of the initial oxidation state of the catalyst (CuO vs. Cu0), suggesting that the same active phase is formed under reaction conditions. Density functional modeling was applied to elucidate the intermediate steps of CO oxidation, as well as those of the comparably less feasible H2 transformation. In the simulations, various Cu and vacancy sites were probed as reactive centers enabling specific pathways.
Seven Decades of Gender Differences in German Voting Behavior
Authors: Hudde Ansgar
Published: July 2023

This article describes long-term changes in gender differences in voting behavior in Germany, using a globally unique data source: information from real ballots. Compared with self-reports in available surveys, actual votes counted by gender and age groups have three advantages: neither representativeness issues nor social desirability bias, a huge sample, and coverage of seven decades, beginning in 1953. Besides party-specific voting patterns, I analyze summary measures for gender dissimilarities, both overall and separated by age groups. The modern gender gap—women voting more left-wing than men—first appeared in Germany in the 2017 election, surprisingly late compared with previous international research. The speed and structure with which the modern gender gap grew suggest that it is due to period effects rather than cohort effects. The modern gender gap differs by age group and, in post-World War II Germany, women and men have never been as divided about politics as the youngest voters in 2021. These findings partly contrast with previous survey-based results. To explore whether this contrast stems from the smaller sample sizes of previous studies or gendered survey bias (e.g., more social desirability bias among women), I compare results from real ballots with estimates from two survey data sources. Findings suggest that large surveys might provide reasonable estimates at the aggregate level but might overestimate the gender gap for more radical parties such as the AfD (Alternative for Germany).
High-frequency audiometry in the diagnosis of tinnitus
Authors: Bogacz Artur , Sinkiewicz Anna , Burduk Paweł , Kozakiewicz-Rutkowska Agata , Kubala-Owieśny Agnieszka
Published: July 2023

Background

Subjective tinnitus is an unpleasant perception of sound without any external acoustic stimulus. It can be manifested in the form of various phantom sounds, which most often resemble ringing, whistling, squeaking, noise, chirping, or buzzing. The sounds are heard solely by the sufferer and can occur in the middle of the head, but also in the ears—on one or both sides.

Aim

The aim of the study was to evaluate the hearing capacity based on audiometric threshold measurements in the frequency range of 0.125–16 kHz in patients with tinnitus. In addition, we investigated the following questions:

Can high-frequency audiometry be useful in the diagnosis of tinnitus?

Does hearing loss occur in an increasingly wide frequency range with age compared to the control group?

Can tinnitus be considered the first symptom of the onset of high-frequency hearing loss?

Methods

The study included 99 patients, all of whom underwent pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and extended high-frequency audiometry (HFA) in the ranges of 0.125–8 kHz and 8–16 kHz, respectively. In each patient (excluding the control group), tinnitus was characterized in terms of its frequency and intensity.

Results and conclusion

The study concluded that tinnitus may be a symptom indicating the presence of high-frequency hearing loss as hearing loss occurs in an increasingly wider frequency range with age, so HFA should be a routine audiological test in patients with tinnitus.
Fantasy Sexual Material Use by People with Attractions to Children
Authors: Lievesley Rebecca , Harper Craig A. , Woodward Ellie , Tenbergen Gilian
Published: July 2023

Purpose of Review

With the Internet allowing consumers easy access to fantasy and fictional sexual materials (FSM), it is becoming increasingly important to understand the context of their use among specific populations. Of particular, social, clinical, and legal interest is FSM use by people who are attracted to children and whether this may have a risk-enhancing or protective impact on their likelihood of committing a contact or non-contact sexual offence.

Recent Findings

There is a lack of data currently available in relation to the use of FSM by those with sexual attractions to children. Evidence from allied areas appears to show no meaningful associations between FSM use and sexual aggression.

We propose a novel research program and some initial research questions that provide a theoretical framework for more evidence-based inquiry on FSM use by people who experience attractions to children.
Effect of Diabetic Neuropathy on Reparative Ability and Immune Response System
Authors: Sher Emina Karahmet , Prnjavorac Besim , Farhat Esma Karahmet , Palić Benjamin , Ansar Sabah , Sher Farooq
Published: July 2023

The effects of diabetes can be divided into short, medium and long term and various human organ systems can be effected. The present study aimed to determine how much the duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) affect the reparative ability of the body, immune response and the development of DM complications. Interleukin 1-β (IL-1β) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) were monitored as specific indicators of inflammatory reaction and C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocyte count (WBC) and sedimentation rate (ESR) as general markers of inflammatory reaction. Tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) were observed as indicators of reparative ability and polyneuropathy. All interleukins were determined by ELISA and evaluated spectrophotometrically. Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) is performed for neuropathy examination. Patients with diabetes mellitus were divided into 3 groups, according to duration of diabetes mellitus. IL-6 levels correlated with clinical stage of diabetic polyneuropathy atp = 0.025R = 0.402; with CRP atp = 0.0001,R = 0.784 as well as correlation of CRP and MNSI score (R = 0.500,p = 0.034) in a group of patients with DM lasting up to 10 years. The reparative ability of the body is reduced by physiological age and ages of DM duration. The immune response is weakened in DM additionally. The dual activity of cytokines IL-6 and TGF-β1 is present in long-duration Diabetes Mellitus.
Correction to: Measuring the Impact of Public Understandings of Risk from Urban and Industrial Development on Community Psychosocial Well-Being: a Mixed Methods Strategy
Authors: Baldwin Cathy , Cave Ben , Rawstorne Patrick
Published: July 2023

Page 5 of the original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake.
High-throughput RNA sequencing reveals differences between the transcriptomes of the five spore forms of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, the wheat stripe rust pathogen
Authors: Zhan Gangming , Guo Jia , Tian Yuan , Ji Fan , Bai Xingxuan , Zhao Jing , Guo Jun , Kang Zhensheng
Published: July 2023

The devastating wheat stripe (yellow) rust pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a macrocyclic and heteroecious fungus. Pst produces urediniospores and teliospores on its primary host, wheat, and pycniospores and aeciospores are produced on its alternate hosts, barberry (Berberis spp.) or mahonia (Mahonia spp.). Basidiospores are developed from teliospores and infect alternate hosts. These five spore forms play distinct roles in Pst infection, disease development, and fungal survival, etc. However, the specific genes and mechanisms underlying these functional differences are largely unknown. In this study, we performed, for the first time in rust fungi, the deep RNA sequencing to examine the transcriptomic shift among all five Pst spore forms. Among a total of 29,591 identified transcripts, 951 were specifically expressed in basidiospores, whereas 920, 761, 266, and 110 were specific for teliospores, pycniospores, aeciospores, and urediniospores, respectively. Additionally, transcriptomes of sexual spores, namely pycniospores and basidiospores, showed significant differences from those of asexual spores (urediniospores, teliospores, and aeciospores), and transcriptomes of urediniospores and aeciospores were more similar to each other than to the three other spore forms. Especially, the basidiospores and pycniospores which infected the berberis shows wide differences in the cell wall degrading-enzymes and mating and pheromone response genes. Besides, we also found that there are 6234 differential expressed genes between the urediniospores and pycniospores, while only have 3 genes have alternative splicing enents, suggesting that differential genes expression may make more contribution than AS. This comprehensive transcriptome profiling can substantially improve our understanding of the developmental biology of the wheat stripe rust fungus.
Remimazolam – current status, opportunities and challenges
Authors: Sneyd J. Robert
Published: July 2023

The short acting benzodiazepine remimazolam has been well characterised for use during procedural sedation. Onset of hypnotic effect is swifter than midazolam and recovery is faster with a period of antegrade amnesia. Haemodynamic changes associated with remimazolam sedation are modest and there is no pain on injection. General anaesthesia may be induced and maintained by infusion of remimazolam in combination with a suitable opioid. Hypotension is less frequent than when propofol is used. In addition, remimazolam may be a suitable alternative to propofol or etomidate for inducing anaesthesia in haemodynamically compromised patients prior to maintenance with a volatile agent. A small proportion of patients are slow to recover consciousness after total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with remimazolam/opioid combinations. Preliminary experience suggests that flumazenil may be useful in this group however studies are required to define the appropriate dosage and timing for flumazenil administration. Future developments may include sedation and anaesthesia for infants and children as well as intensive care sedation for all age groups. These indications require demonstration in well designed clinical trials.

Graphical Abstract
C. I. Lewis's Theory of Ideas: Royce's Problem and Lewis's Solution
Authors: ATKINS RICHARD KENNETH
Published: July 2023

Implicit in C. I. Lewis's conceptual pragmatism is an account of how our ideas undergo a process of social development. Lewis's account of that process resolves a problem with Josiah Royce's theory of ideas. Royce holds that there are both sensuous and symbolic ideas. It is, however, possible for someone to have only a sensuous idea of how middle C sounds and for another person to have only the symbolic idea that middle C is 261.63 Hz. In what sense, if at all, can these two persons have the same idea, namely, the idea of middle C? On Lewis's account, while ideas in individual minds are typically constituted of both sensory correlates and pure concepts, ideas are also social products that individuals inherit through education and language acquisition. For two people to have the same idea is for them both to be heirs to the social development of the idea.
Zernike-coefficient extraction via helical beam reconstruction for optimization (ZEHBRO) in the far field
Authors: Ohland J. B. , Posor D. , Eisenbarth U. , Iancu V. , Ungureanu R. , Ursescu D. , Bagnoud V.
Published: July 2023

The spatial distribution of beams with orbital angular momentum in the far field is known to be extremely sensitive to angular aberrations, such as astigmatism, coma and trefoil. This poses a challenge for conventional beam optimization strategies when a homogeneous ring intensity is required for an application. We developed a novel approach for estimating the Zernike coefficients of low-order angular aberrations in the near field based solely on the analysis of the ring deformations in the far field. A fast, iterative reconstruction of the focal ring recreates the deformations and provides insight into the wavefront deformations in the near field without relying on conventional phase retrieval approaches. The output of our algorithm can be used to optimize the focal ring, as demonstrated experimentally at the 100 TW beamline at the Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics facility.
Nonlinear electrophoretic velocity of a spherical colloidal particle
Authors: Cobos Richard , Khair Aditya S.
Published: July 2023

Electrophoresis is the motion of a charged colloidal particle in an electrolyte under an applied electric field. The electrophoretic velocity of a spherical particle depends on the dimensionless electric field strength

$\beta =a^*e^*E_\infty ^*/k_B^*T^*$

, defined as the ratio of the product of the applied electric field magnitude

$E_\infty ^*$

and particle radius

$a^*$

, to the thermal voltage

$k_B^*T^*/e^*$

, where

$k_B^*$

is Boltzmann's constant,

$T^*$

is the absolute temperature, and

$e^*$

is the charge on a proton. In this paper, we develop a spectral element algorithm to compute the electrophoretic velocity of a spherical, rigid, dielectric particle, of fixed dimensionless surface charge density

$\sigma$

over a wide range of

$\beta$

. Here,

$\sigma =(e^*a^*/\epsilon ^*k_B^*T^*)\sigma ^*$

, where

$\sigma ^*$

is the dimensional surface charge density, and

$\epsilon ^*$

is the permittivity of the electrolyte. For moderately charged particles (

$\sigma ={O}(1)$

), the electrophoretic velocity is linear in

$\beta$

when

$\beta \ll 1$

, and its dependence on the ratio of the Debye length (

$1/\kappa ^*$

) to particle radius (denoted by

$\delta =1/(\kappa ^*a^*)$

) agrees with Henry's formula. As

$\beta$

increases, the nonlinear contribution to the electrophoretic velocity becomes prominent, and the onset of this behaviour is

$\delta$

-dependent. For

$\beta \gg 1$

, the electrophoretic velocity again becomes linear in field strength, approaching the Hückel limit of electrophoresis in a dielectric medium, for all

$\delta$

. For highly charged particles (

$\sigma \gg 1$

) in the thin-Debye-layer limit (

$\delta \ll 1$

), our computations are in good agreement with recent experimental and asymptotic results.
Catalogue of fossil genera of Mactridae (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
Authors: Signorelli Javier H.
Published: July 2023

All genera based on fossil type species belonging to the family Mactridae are alphabetically listed in this work. The oldest records of the Mactridae come from Cretaceous deposits of North America. However, this group of bivalves has been worldwide recorded from the Paleogene and Neogene. An emended diagnosis for each genus is herein provided. In addition to that, type species, type localities, and occurrences are included. For each genus, a remarks section includes the most recent published taxonomic opinions. Nevertheless, in some cases, new taxonomic decisions based on morphological analysis of types have been taken. Genera based on extant type species are excluded from this work. Forty-five genera are listed herein and type material has been reproduced wherever possible.Ionesimactranom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name forCaspimactraIonesi (nonCaspimactraAli-Zade and Kabakova). This work constitutes the basis for future revisions related to fossil taxa of the family Mactridae from different regions.

UUID:https://zoobank.org/ccc72130-4ea2-44a9-add9-51cfce58f2d5
THE RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN IN DATA PROTECTION LAW AND TWO WESTERN CULTURES OF PRIVACY
Authors: Kohl Uta
Published: July 2023

Data protection law has emerged as an important bulwark against online privacy intrusions, and yet its status within privacy law remains awkward. Its starting point of protecting ‘personal’ rather than ‘private’ information puts it at odds with privacy more generally. Indeed, in its very design, data protection law caters for the protection of public personal information, or personal information which has attained a degree of publicness through disclosure. Building on James Whitman's comparative privacy study, this article argues that data protection law is not the odd bedfellow of privacy law properly so called but may be understood as a manifestation of the Continental European culture of privacy. Its distinctiveness does not lie in its apparent technicality but in its robust openness to privacy in public—an idea that is alien to the Anglo-American culture of privacy. Whilst these two cultures of privacy have long ‘met’ in different jurisdictions, this article locates their enduring influence and antagonism within three contemporary privacy regimes. By taking the right to be forgotten, as an archetypal privacy-in-public right, in the testing context of spent criminal convictions, the article gauges the comparative openness to such claims, first, of the Court of Justice of the European Union as the authoritative voice on General Data Protection Regulation normativity; secondly, of the US judiciary as committed to the First and Fourth Amendment; and, thirdly, of the European Court of Human Rights on Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights and its fused Anglo-American and Continental European privacy jurisprudence. It is the latter jurisprudence in particular that highlights the tensions arising from trying to marry the two privacy traditions, or merge data protection and ‘privacy’ law. Yet, these tensions also offer insights and opportunities.
Patterns and drivers of vector-borne microparasites in a classic metapopulation
Authors: Mackenzie Laura S. , Lambin Xavier , Bryce Emma , Davies Claire L. , Hassall Richard , Shati Ali A. M. , Sutherland Chris , Telfer Sandra E.
Published: July 2023

Many organisms live in fragmented populations, which has profound consequences on the dynamics of associated parasites. Metapopulation theory offers a canonical framework for predicting the effects of fragmentation on spatiotemporal host–parasite dynamics. However, empirical studies of parasites in classical metapopulations remain rare, particularly for vector-borne parasites. Here, we quantify spatiotemporal patterns and possible drivers of infection probability for several ectoparasites (fleas, Ixodes trianguliceps and Ixodes ricinus) and vector-borne microparasites (Babesia microti, Bartonella spp., Hepatozoon spp.) in a classically functioning metapopulation of water vole hosts. Results suggest that the relative importance of vector or host dynamics on microparasite infection probabilities is related to parasite life-histories. Bartonella, a microparasite with a fast life-history, was positively associated with both host and vector abundances at several spatial and temporal scales. In contrast, B. microti, a tick-borne parasite with a slow life-history, was only associated with vector dynamics. Further, we provide evidence that life-history shaped parasite dynamics, including occupancy and colonization rates, in the metapopulation. Lastly, our findings were consistent with the hypothesis that landscape connectivity was determined by distance-based dispersal of the focal hosts. We provide essential empirical evidence that contributes to the development of a comprehensive theory of metapopulation processes of vector-borne parasites.
Redescription and new record of Paracapillaria (Ophidiocapillaria) najae (Nematoda: Trichuroidea) in the monocled cobra Naja kaouthia from central Thailand: morphological and molecular insights
Authors: Charoennitiwat Vachirapong , Chaisiri Kittipong , Ampawong Sumate , Laoungbua Panithi , Chanhome Lawan , Vasaruchapong Taksa , Tawan Tanapong , Thaenkham Urusa , Ratnarathorn Napat
Published: July 2023

The parasitic nematode Paracapillaria (Ophidiocapillaria) najae De, 1998, found in the Indian cobra Naja naja is redescribed and re-illustrated in the present study. The monocled cobra Naja kaouthia was discovered to be a new host for this parasite in central Thailand. A comprehensive description extending the morphological and molecular characteristics of the parasites is provided to aid species recognition in future studies. The morphometric characters of 41 parasites collected from 5 cobra specimens are compared with those described in the original studies. Phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA genes were performed to provide novel information on the systematics of P. najae. Similar characteristics were observed in the examined nematode samples, despite being found in different hosts, confirming their identity as P. najae. The molecular genetic results support the species status of P. najae, indicating P. najae is well defined and separated from other related nematode species in the family Capillariidae. Morphological descriptions, genetic sequences, evolutionary relationships among capillariids and new host and distribution records of P. najae are discussed. Paracapillaria najae specimens found in the Thai cobra had some morphological variation, and sexual size dimorphism was also indicated. Paracapillaria najae was found to infect various cobra host species and appeared to be common throughout the Oriental regions, consistent with its hosts' distribution.
Towards a theology of the Psalm titles: The Davidic voice and the totus Christus
Authors: Balfour Rory J.
Published: July 2023

This article explores the ways in which the thirteen ‘biographical superscriptions’ which are found throughout the Psalter contribute to the blending of the Davidic voice which they invoke and the corporate voice of the community which receives them. It suggests that by receiving these thirteen Psalms, the canonical community enters an intensive identification with David and participates in the Davidic life and experience. Once this is established, the discussion turns to examine these insights in a Christian theological context in conversation with Augustine's totus Christus principle. It is suggested that the hermeneutical situation created by the biographical superscriptions provides a way for the totus Christus principle to be re-invoked in contemporary interpretation.
Schleiermacher's reduction of incarnation to deification
Authors: Michelson Jared
Published: July 2023

Schleiermacher's theological champions like Kevin Hector contend that his Christology is ‘high’ and is Chalcedonian in spirit. I offer a number of objections to this view, suggesting that Schleiermacher offers a distinctive, early modern account of Christ as a uniquely deified redeemer but not of Christ as the uncreated God. This raises some surprising questions for the dogmatic relation of Christology, soteriology and anthropology.
The aftermath of ballot box success and failure: evidence from land preservation referendums
Authors: Gill Carrie , Lang Corey , Pearson-Merkowitz Shanna
Published: July 2023

State and local governments put hundreds of referendums on the ballot each year. Often, they pass but sometimes they fail. What happens after a successful or failed attempt at the ballot box? Do advocates go back to voters with another request? And if they do, do they tend to succeed? We employ a regression discontinuity empirical framework to causally estimate referendum dynamics in the arena of land conservation. Our results suggest municipalities where a referendum just barely fails hold about 0.5 more referendums and pass about 0.28 more referendums than municipalities that just barely pass, meaning initial defeat is often reversed. We also investigate whether strategic changes are made in election approaches for those that try again. We find no evidence of systematic patterns in strategic revisions for municipalities that fail their first referendum. However, when revisions are made, our evidence suggests that voters appear to respond positively.
The (im)mobilities of COVID-19 in later life: burning and building generational bridges
Authors: Tinkler Penny , Fenton Laura , Lang Luciana
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic foregrounded a numerical conception of age. Many of the targets of proposals to introduce age-specific restrictions are members of the ‘baby boomer’ generation, a generation that is widely recognised as having a youthful approach to ageing. Attending to arguments that baby boomers are a ‘bridging’ generation – i.e. they share cultural orientations with both preceding and succeeding generations – we argue that ‘bridging’ is a dynamic practice. Drawing on repeat interviews with 45 ‘war baby’ and baby boomer women conducted prior to the pandemic and shortly after the first national lockdown, the paper demonstrates how lockdown restrictions brought to light older women's relationships to, and investments in, spatial mobilities. We focus on how they experienced and understood (im)mobilities in three realms: home life, going places and social connection. Pre-pandemic, mobilities in each of these realms had been important to how the women established youthfulness and resisted being seen as ‘old’; mobilities helped older women ‘bridge’ with younger adult generations. This bridging was undermined practically, symbolically and discursively by their experiences of the lockdown, with profound consequences for perceptions of their ageing. Restrictions on spatial mobilities created conditions for older women to reassess and narrate the social world in generational terms. Their narratives provide an illuminating case study of the complex ways that generational cohort shapes experiences and self-understandings. We argue that the capacity of baby boomers to ‘bridge’ dynamically is a legacy of their youth.
Masculinity, poverty and body image among older men in Tanzania: connecting intersectionality and Bourdieu's theory of practice
Authors: Rutagumirwa Sylivia Karen , Bailey Ajay
Published: July 2023

Until now, the body image literature has largely ignored older men. In particular, little is known about how older men perceive and experience their ageing bodies, despite the importance of the body to men's practice of masculinity and their position within gendered hierarchies. Addressing this gap in the research, we conducted 15 in-depth interviews and ten focus group discussions (N = 60) with older men aged 60–82 years. Drawing upon the intersectionality approach and Bourdieu's theory of practice, we examined how older men with low socio-economic status give meaning to their ageing bodies in relation to ideals of masculinity. The findings suggest that body strength is vital capital for older men with low socio-economic status, and that changes in their bodies as they age affect their ability to actualise themselves as ‘real’ men and undermine their sense of masculinity. The inability to live up to masculine ideals left most of these men feeling inadequate and ashamed. The findings further reveal that stress caused by ageing bodies, exacerbated by older men's socio-economic conditions, constituted a threat to their survival and overall wellbeing. Interventions should take older men's perceptions of and adaptations to the ageing body into account. In addition, when designing interventions for older men, practitioners should consider the socio-economic and cultural context in which older men are embedded. Particularly important is a gender-transformative intervention that raises awareness of negative masculine norms.
Negotiating Experiences of Belonging Alongside Age-Related Life Transitions
Authors: Fortune Darla , Weisgarber Brittany
Published: July 2023

Belonging is a pervasive human need that is vital to our well-being as we age. Ageist attitudes, stereotyping, and life transitions tend to jeopardise older adults’ experiences of belonging. Although community involvement can lead to the development of social relationships that support belonging in older adulthood, little is known about how belonging is perceived and experienced by older adults. The purpose of this article is to share findings from research conducted with members of a community centre for people 50 years of age and older who shared their perceptions and experiences of belonging. Findings highlight the ways that age-related life transitions affect experiences of belonging. Findings also reveal that features of a belonging experience include feeling worthwhile, being welcomed and accepted, having opportunities for connection, and seeking to belong. We draw from these findings to suggest ways to enhance belonging for older adults.