bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of high-risk patients resistant to CDK4/6 inhibitors with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative advanced and metastatic breast cancer in Japan (KBCSG-TR-1316)
Authors: Futamura Manabu , Nakayama Takahiro , Yoshinami Tetsuhiro , Oshiro Chiya , Ishihara Mikiya , Morita Midori , Watanabe Akira , Tanigichi Azusa , Tsukabe Masami , Shimoda Masafumi , Nitta Kanae , Chihara Yoko , Yasojima Hiroyuki , Ouchi Yoshimi , Tokumaru Yoshihisa , Masuda Norikazu
Published: July 2023

Background

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) improve the prognosis of hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative advanced/metastatic breast cancer (HR+/HER2− mBC). However, some cancers show resistance to CDK4/6i and have a poor prognosis. The non-luminal disease score (NOLUS) was developed to predict non-luminal disease using immunohistochemical analysis.

Methods

The association between the efficacy of CDK4/6i and NOLUS was investigated by evaluating pathological and clinical data, including real-world progression-free survival (rw-PFS) and overall survival (OS). Real-world data of patients with HR+/HER2− mBC who received CDK4/6i therapy [palbociclib or abemaciclib] as first- or second-line endocrine treatments was obtained. NOLUS was calculated using the formula: NOLUS (0–100) = − 0.45 × estrogen receptor (ER) (%) − 0.28 × progesterone receptor (PR) (%) + 0.27 × Ki67(%) + 73, and the patients were divided into two groups: NOLUS-positive (≥ 51.38) and NOLUS-negative (< 51.38).

Results

Of the 300 patients, 28 (9.3%) were NOLUS-positive, and 272 (90.7%) were NOLUS-negative. The expression rates (%) of ER and PgR in NOLUS-positive patients were lower than those in NOLUS-negative patients (p < 0.001). Ki67 expression was higher in NOLUS-positive patients. There were statistically significant differences in prognosis (rw-PFS and OS) between the two groups. Moreover, NOLUS-negative patients showed statistically better rw-PFS with first-line therapy than second-line therapy. However, NOLUS-positive patients showed poor prognoses with both the first and second therapeutic lines, suggesting CDK4/6i inefficacy for NOLUS-positive patients.

Conclusions

The efficacy and prognosis of CDK4/6i significantly differed between the NOLUS-positive and NOLUS-negative patients. This feasible method can predict patients with HR+/HER2− mBC resistant to CDK4/6i and help select a better therapeutic approach to overcome resistance.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the deep rolling process focussing on 34CrNiMo6 railway axles
Authors: Pertoll Tobias , Buzzi Christian , Dutzler Andreas , Leitner Martin , Seisenbacher Benjamin , Winter Gerhard , Boronkai László
Published: July 2023

Deep rolling is a powerful tool to increase the service life or reduce the weight of railway axles. Three fatigue-resistant increasing effects are achieved in one treatment: lower surface roughness, strain hardening and compressive residual stresses near the surface. In this work, all measurable changes introduced by the deep rolling process are investigated. A partly deep-rolled railway axle made of high strength steel material 34CrNiMo6 is investigated experimentally. Microstructure analyses, hardness-, roughness-, FWHM- and residual stress measurements are performed. By the microstructure analyses a very local grain distortion, in the range < 5 µm, is proven in the deep rolled section. Stable hardness values, but increased strain hardening is detected by means of FWHM and the surface roughness is significantly reduced by the process application. Residual stresses were measured using the XRD and HD methods. Similar surface values are proven, but the determined depth profiles deviate. Residual stress measurements have generally limitations when measuring in depth, but especially their distribution is significant for increasing the durability of steel materials. Therefore, a numerical deep rolling simulation model is additionally built. Based on uniaxial tensile and cyclic test results, examined on specimen machined from the edge layer of the railway axle, an elastic–plastic Chaboche material model is parameterised. The material model is added to the simulation model and so the introduced residual stresses can be simulated. The comparison of the simulated residual stress in-depth profile, considering the electrochemical removal, shows good agreement to the measurement results. The so validated simulation model is able to determine the prevailing residual stress state near the surface after deep rolling the railway axle. Maximum compressive residual stresses up to about -1,000 MPa near the surface are achieved. The change from the induced compressive to the compensating tensile residual stress range occurs at a depth of 3.5 mm and maximum tensile residual stresses of + 100 MPa at a depth of 4 mm are introduced. In summary, the presented experimental and numerical results demonstrate the modifications induced by the deep rolling process application on a railway axle and lay the foundation for a further optimisation of the deep rolling process.
The Impact of Digital Mental Health Services on Loneliness and Mental Health: Results from a Prospective, Observational Study
Authors: Magid Kirby , Sagui-Henson Sara J. , Sweet Cynthia Castro , Smith Brooke J. , Chamberlain Camille E. Welcome , Levens Sara M.
Published: July 2023

Background

Loneliness has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic and negatively impacts mental health. This study examined relationships between loneliness and mental health among adults using a digital mental health platform.

Methods

A purposive sample of 919 participants (97% response rate) who were newly enrolled in the platform completed a survey on loneliness, depression, anxiety, well-being, stress, social support, and comorbidities at baseline and 3 months. Platform engagement was tracked during this period. We examined baseline differences between lonely and non-lonely participants; associations between loneliness, mental health symptoms, and comorbidities; and changes in loneliness and mental health through engagement in any form of care.

Results

At baseline, 57.8% of the sample were categorized as lonely. Loneliness was associated with younger age, fewer years of education, and the presence of a comorbidity (p values < .05). Baseline loneliness was associated with greater depression, anxiety, and stress and lower well-being and social support (ps < .001). The percentage of lonely participants decreased at follow-up (57.6% to 52.9%, p = .03). Those who improved in loneliness improved in mental health symptoms, well-being, and social support (ps < .001). Lonely participants who engaged in any form of care reported a greater reduction in loneliness than those who did not engage (p = .04).

Conclusions

This study confirms previous findings of the high prevalence of loneliness among adults and risk factors for increased loneliness. Findings highlight the potential of digital platforms to reach lonely individuals and alleviate loneliness through remote mental health support.
Long Period Grating Imprinted on a Flat-Shaped Plastic Optical Fiber for Refractive Index Sensing
Authors: Liu Yuan , Zhou Yanfei , Bao Haiyang , Zheng Jie
Published: July 2023

A corrugated surface long period grating (LPG) was fabricated on a flat-shaped plastic optical fiber (POF) as a refractive index (RI) sensor by a simple pressing with the heat pressure and mechanical die press print method. The light propagation characteristics of an LPG imprinted on a multi-mode POF were analyzed by the method of geometrical optics. Theoretical and experimental results showed that the structural parameters of the sensor affected the RI sensing performance, and the sensor with a thinner flat thickness, a deeper groove depth of the corrugated surface LPG, and a longer LPG exhibited better RI sensing performance. When the POF with a diameter of 1 mm was pressed with the heat pressure to a flat shape with a thickness of 600 µm, an LPG with a period of 300 µm, a groove depth of 200 µm, and a length of 6 cm was fabricated on it, and the RI sensitivity of 1447%/RIU was obtained with a resolution of 5.494×10−6 RIU. In addition, the influences of the POF cladding, tilting of LPG, and bending of the sensing structure were investigated. The results demonstrated that after removing the cladding and tilting or bending the LPG, the RI sensing performance was improved. When the LPG imprinted on the flat-shaped POF was bent with a curvature radius of 6/π cm, the highest sensitivity of 6 563%/RIU was achieved with a resolution of 2.487×10−9 RIU in the RI range of 1.3330–1.4230. The proposed sensor is a low-cost solution for RI measurement with the features of easy fabrication, high sensitivity, and intensity modulation at the visible wavelengths.
Verso il pancreas artificiale: i sistemi ibridi ad ansa chiusa
Authors: Di Molfetta Sergio , de Candia Sara , Giorgino Francesco , Laviola Luigi
Published: July 2023

Sommario

Dalle sue prime applicazioni agli inizi degli anni ’20, la terapia insulinica ha conosciuto avanzamenti tecnologici straordinari. L’integrazione fra monitoraggio in continuo del glucosio (CGM) e infusione sottocutanea continua di insulina (CSII) ha consentito la realizzazione di sistemi sempre più sofisticati che gestiscono in autonomia la somministrazione di insulina. Sebbene un pancreas artificiale completamente automatico non sia ancora disponibile per l’uso clinico, i dispositivi attualmente in commercio richiedono un intervento limitato da parte dell’utilizzatore e hanno dimostrato benefici su controllo glicemico, rischio d’ipoglicemia e qualità di vita. Un’adeguata formazione del team diabetologico e della persona con diabete resta comunque indispensabile per raggiungere e mantenere gli obiettivi di cura del diabete.
A Soft Robotic Fish Actuated by Artificial Muscle Modules (SoRoFAAM-1)
Authors: Tsimbo Fokou Moise Raphael , Xia Qirong , Jin Hu , Xu Min , Dong Erbao
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we present the design, fabrication, locomotion and bionic analysis of a Soft Robotic Fish Actuated by Artificial Muscle (SoRoFAAM). As a carangiform swimmer, the most important part of SoRoFAAM-1, on the motion point of view, is its tail designed around a bidirectional flexible bending actuator by layered bonding technology. This actuator is made of two artificial muscle modules based on Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires. Each artificial muscle module has four independent SMA-wire channels and is therefore capable of producing four different actuations. This design allows us to implement an adaptive regulated control strategy based on resistance feedback of the SMA wires to prevent them from overheating. To improve the actuation frequency to 2 Hz and the heat-dissipation ratio by 60%, we developed a round-robin heating strategy. Furthermore, the thermomechanical model of actuator is built, and the thermal transformation is analysed. The relationships between the actuation parameters and SoRoFAAM-1’s kinematic parameters are analysed. The versatility of the actuator endows SoRoFAAM-1 with cruise straight and turning abilities. Moreover, SoRoFAAM-1 has a good bionic fidelity; in particular, a maneuverability of 0.15, a head swing factor of 0.38 and a Strouhal number of 0.61.
A context-specific analysis of ethical principles relevant for AI-assisted decision-making in health care
Authors: Schlicht Larissa , Räker Miriam
Published: July 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted technologies may exert a profound impact on social structures and practices in care contexts. Our study aimed to complement ethical principles considered relevant for the design of AI-assisted technology in health care with a context-specific conceptualization of the principles from the perspectives of individuals potentially affected by the implementation of AI technologies in nursing care. We conducted scenario-based semistructured interviews focusing on situations involving moral decision-making occurring in everyday nursing practice with nurses (N = 15) and care recipients (N = 13) working, respectively, living in long-term care facilities in Germany. First, we analyzed participants’ concepts of the ethical principles beneficence, respect for autonomy and justice. Second, we investigated participants’ expectations regarding the actualization of these concepts within the context of AI-assisted decision-making. The results underscore the importance of a context-specific conceptualization of ethical principles for overcoming epistemic uncertainty regarding the risks and opportunities associated with the (non)fulfillment of these ethical principles. Moreover, our findings provide indications regarding which concepts of the investigated ethical principles ought to receive extra attention when designing AI technologies to ensure that these technologies incorporate the moral interests of stakeholders in the care sector.
CACA guidelines for holistic integrative management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Tang Ling-Long , Chen Lin , Hu Chao-Su , Yi Jun-Lin , Li Jin-Gao , He Xia , Jin Feng , Zhu Xiao-Dong , Chen Xiao-Zhong , Sun Ying , Shen Liang-Fang , Yang Kun-Yu , Feng Mei , Hu Man , Xia Yun-Fei , Wang Ren-Sheng , Chen Chuan-Ben , Lu Tai-Xiang , Lin Shao-Jun , Lang Jin-Yi , Ma Jun
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor originating in the nasopharynx and is particularly prevalent in southern China. Unfortunately, international guidelines, such as NCCN or ESMO, fail to adequately coincide with clinical practice in China, making it difficult to achieve precision personalized therapy in China. The aim of this guideline is to better promote a “Multidisciplinary Team to Holistic Integrative Medicine" (MDT to HIM) system for the prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of NPC.

Methods

The China Anti-Cancer Association (CACA) invited domestic multi-disciplinary experts, involving radiologists, oncologists, surgeons, pathologists, herbalists, physiatrists, and psychologists, to write, discuss, and revise the guidelines. Based on the integration of research evidence, clinical experience, and patient needs, the domestic experts have iteratively developed these guidelines to provide proper and feasible management of NPC.

Results and conclusion

The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma are more suitable for China's clinical practice, highlight Chinese characteristics, and have important clinical significance.
Mendelian Randomization Study of the Relationship Between Serum Matrix Metalloproteinases and the Occurrence of Sepsis
Authors: Yang Changzhen , Long Chun , Zhang Qianfu , He Dehua , Bi Hongying , Liu Xu
Published: July 2023

Background

Observational studies have shown that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are associated with sepsis. However, it is unknown whether this association represents a causal relationship.

Methods

Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to assess the potential causal role of circulating MMPs in sepsis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with circulating MMPs levels were used as instrumental variables (IVs). In a sepsis genome-wide association study comprising 1573 cases and 454,775 European ancestry controls, we examined these IVs' effects using a two-sample MR study. Causal estimates were calculated using inverse variance weighting (IVW), the weighted median method, and MR-Egger analysis.

Results

Genetically predict that MMP-1 (OR = 1.011, 95% CI 0.772–1.325, p = 0.936), MMP-3 (OR = 1.036, 95% CI 0.862–1.244, p = 0.707), MMP-7 (OR = 1.206, 95% CI 0.960–1.515, p = 0.108), MMP-8 (OR = 1.041, 95% CI 0.949–1.144, p = 0.395), MMP-9 (OR = 1.101, 95% CI 0.831–1.458, p = 0.503), MMP-10 (OR = 1.028, 95% CI 0.840–1.260, p = 0.789) was not associated with the risk of sepsis.

Conclusions

The MR study does not provide evidence that circulating levels of MMPs (1, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10) were the causes of sepsis.
Cultivation of aromatic plant for nature-based sustainable solutions for the management of degraded/marginal lands: techno-economics and carbon dynamic
Authors: Yadav Deepika , Yadav Anisha , Singh Mayank , Khare Puja
Published: July 2023

The cultivation of aromatic grasses on marginal/degraded land attracts attention due to their remediation potential, low input cost, and economic gain. During the distillation of these aromatic grasses, a huge amount of solid and liquid waste (hydrosol) is generated, which is not only rich in carbon content but also has a good amount of nutrient. This review summarized the potential of aromatic plants for the restoration and vaporization of distilled waste into different value-added products. In this review, estimates of the economic cost and carbon dynamics for cultivation, distillation, and waste valorisation of aromatic grasses were made using available data. Based on the literature, the available degraded land reported for India (38,600 ha) was used for the calculation. The review discussed Scientometrics analysis, the remediation potential of aromatic plants, and various routes of valorization of distilled waste generated to achieve sustainable development goals. Scientometrics analysis demonstrated the studies that include the phytoremediation potential of aromatic grasses in recent years. Among the aromatic grasses, Chrysopogon zizaniodes (L.) Nash., Cymbopogon flexuosus and Cymbopogon martini were majorly used for reclamation purposes for dry land, mine-affected areas, and metal and pesticide-contaminated soils. The estimated profitability of the cultivation and carbon sequestration potential of these grasses in marginal/degraded land could be 22–629 million USD. Our estimations showed that the cost of carbon sequestration by the cultivation of the aromatic plant in degraded land could be 16–45 million USD. The conversion of distilled waste generated into compost, vermicompost, and biochar could sequester about 0.02 X105-335 X105 t of carbon (cost: 0.2–1913 million USD). The use of hydrosol and smoke water released during the process could sequester about 0.014 to 7403 t of carbon ( cost 0.001 to 0.42 million USD). Overall the review demonstrated the sustainability and carbon footprinting of the remediation process by aromatic grasses. The review allowed the exploration of knowledge-based strategies to unlock the potential of aromatic plants for restoration and carbon sequestration, along with the value addition of distilled waste in a sustainable manner. However, more databases are needed to support the information, which includes the productivity and selectivity of individual aromatic plant for different soil and agro-climatic regions.

Graphical Abstract
The Community Resiliency Model, an interoceptive awareness tool to support population mental wellness
Authors: Grabbe Linda , Duva Ingrid M. , Nicholson William C.
Published: July 2023

The objective of this article is to describe the Community Resiliency Model (CRM)®, a sensory-focused, self-care modality for mental well-being in diverse communities, and CRM’s emerging evidence base and neurobiological underpinnings as a task-sharing intervention. Frieden’s Health Impact Pyramid (HIP) is used as a lens for mental healthcare interventions and their public health impact, with CRM examples. CRM, a sensory awareness model for self-care and mental well-being in acute and chronic stress states, is supported by neurobiological theory and a growing evidence base. CRM can address mental wellness needs at multiple levels of the HIP and matches the task-sharing concept to increase access to mental health resources globally. CRM has the potential for making a significant population mental health impact as an easily disseminated, mental health, self-care modality; it may be taught by trained professionals, lay persons, and community members. CRM carries task-sharing to a new level: scalable and sustainable, those who learn CRM can share the wellness skills informally with persons in their social networks. CRM may alleviate mental distress and reduce stigma, as well as serve a preventive function for populations facing environmental, political, and social threats.
Intermittent Citizens: Scotland's Travellers, Welfare, and the Shifting Boundary of State and Voluntary Action in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Taylor Becky
Published: July 2023

This article explores the shifting relationship between Scottish Travellers, voluntary and mission action, and the state. Examining missionary and state attempts to settle, assimilate, and turn Scots Travellers into so-called good citizens in the first decades of the twentieth century—initially during the First World War and later in a designated camping scheme in Perthshire—reveals three things. First, many of the techniques used to manage Travellers’ behavior were not exceptional but rather can be seen as part of the wider armory deployed by welfare workers and reformers in this period. Often they used the particular sites of the mission hall, schoolroom, and camping ground to inculcate good citizenship. Second, the boundary between state and voluntary action was never fixed. And third, exploring how this boundary shifted over time can lead to a better understand of how Travellers were positioned as citizens at a time when both who was considered a citizen and what that might mean were profoundly changing. In this way, this article not only extends our understanding of Gypsy and Traveller history but also contributes to histories of the state, citizenship, and voluntary action.
Thermo-osmotic flow in slit channels with boundary slip: giant flow amplification between polarized graphene surfaces
Authors: Pandey Doyel , Hardt Steffen
Published: July 2023

The thermo-osmotic flow (TOF) of an electrolyte solution in a slit channel with a Navier slip condition at the channel walls is studied. An analytical expression for the TOF velocity profile, based on the long-wavelength and Debye–Hückel approximations, is derived and compared to numerical solutions based on the finite-element method. The TOF between graphene surfaces whose charge is created via polarization through an applied electric field is considered as a special case. Using the relationship between the surface charge and the slip length obtained from molecular dynamics simulations, a giant flow amplification is uncovered. Specifically, for such flow in a channel with a width of 10 nm, compared to the flow between no-slip walls, a flow velocity enhancement by a factor of up to 250 is predicted.
A shallow approximation for ice streams sliding over strong beds
Authors: Warburton Katarzyna L. P. , Hewitt Duncan R. , Meyer Colin R. , Neufeld Jerome A.
Published: July 2023

Ice streams are regions of rapid ice sheet flow characterised by a high degree of sliding over a deforming bed. The shallow shelf approximation (SSA) provides a convenient way to obtain closed-form approximations of the velocity and flux in a rapidly sliding ice stream when the basal drag is much less than the driving stress. However, the validity of the SSA approximation breaks down when the magnitude of the basal drag increases. Here we find a more accurate expression for the velocity and flux in this transitional regime before vertical deformation fully dominates, in agreement with numerical results. The closed-form expressions we derive can be incorporated into wider modelling efforts to yield a better characterisation of ice stream dynamics, and inform the use of the SSA in large-scale simulations.
From the “Legal Culture of Slavery” to Black Legal Culture: Reimagining the Implications and Meanings of Black Litigiousness in Slavery and Freedom
Authors: Eatmon Myisha S.
Published: July 2023

This review essay considers Alejandro de la Fuente and Ariela J. Gross’s Becoming Free, Becoming Black (2020); Laura F. Edwards’s The People and Their Peace (2009); Ariela J. Gross’s Double Character ([2000] 2006); Martha S. Jones’s Birthright Citizens (2018); Kelly M. Kennington’s In the Shadow of Dred Scott (2017); and Kimberly M. Welch’s Black Litigants in the Antebellum South (2018), arguing that one important implication of these works is that the roots of post-Reconstruction Black legal culture can be found during the antebellum period. The essay synthesizes the insights of these works regarding legal culture, legal consciousness, vernacular legal education, and legal networking. It concludes that, for students of Black legal culture and litigation for and by Black people beyond Reconstruction (that is, Jim Crow), examining the historiography of antebellum litigation for and by Black people is an important starting point in advanced discussions about Black legal culture.
The Dynamics of Mass Mobilization in Belarus
Authors: Onuch Olga , Sasse Gwendolyn
Published: July 2023

How can and should we analyze mass mobilization and its outcomes in authoritarian (and potentially democratizing) states as social scientists? Are there any distinctive features to the study of mass mobilization and its outcomes in Eastern Europe? And how much should we focus on comparative analyses versus context and country specificities? The case of the 2020 mass mobilization in Belarus offers an opportunity to engage with and answer these questions in a reciprocal dialogue between scholars of protest and activism, politics of competitive authoritarian and democratizing contexts, and regional and country experts. This symposium brings together a diverse set of scholars and combines comparative and case-specific analyses and empirically driven and interpretive analyses that focus on different political, social, and cultural angles of this episode of mass mobilization and its aftermath.
A general model for how attributes can reduce polarization in social groups
Authors: Górski Piotr J. , Atkisson Curtis , Hołyst Janusz A.
Published: July 2023

Polarization makes it difficult to form positive relationships across existing groups. Decreasing polarization may improve political discourse around the world. Polarization can be modeled on a social network as structural balance, where the network is composed of groups with positive links between all individuals in the group and negative links with all others. Previous work shows that incorporating attributes of individuals usually makes structural balance, and hence polarization, harder to achieve. That work examines only a limited number and types of attributes. We present a generalized model and a simulation framework to analyze the effect of any type of attribute, including analytically as long as an expected value can be written for the type of attribute. As attributes, we consider people’s (approximately) immutable characteristics (e.g., race, wealth) and such opinions that change more slowly than relationships (e.g., political preferences). We detail and analyze five classes of attributes, recapitulating the results of previous work in this framework and extending it. While it is easier to prevent than to destabilize polarization, we find that usually the most effective at both are continuous attributes, followed by ordered attributes and, finally, binary attributes. The effectiveness of unordered attributes varies depending on the magnitude of negative impact of having differing attributes but is smaller than of continuous ones. Testing the framework on network structures containing communities revealed that destroying polarization may require introducing local tensions. This model could be used by policymakers, among others, to prevent and design effective interventions to counteract polarization.
Continuous latent position models for instantaneous interactions
Authors: Rastelli Riccardo , Corneli Marco
Published: July 2023

We create a framework to analyze the timing and frequency of instantaneous interactions between pairs of entities. This type of interaction data is especially common nowadays and easily available. Examples of instantaneous interactions include email networks, phone call networks, and some common types of technological and transportation networks. Our framework relies on a novel extension of the latent position network model: we assume that the entities are embedded in a latent Euclidean space and that they move along individual trajectories which are continuous over time. These trajectories are used to characterize the timing and frequency of the pairwise interactions. We discuss an inferential framework where we estimate the individual trajectories from the observed interaction data and propose applications on artificial and real data.
Probing the consistency of cosmological contours for supernova cosmology
Authors: Armstrong P. , Qu H. , Brout D. , Davis T. M. , Kessler R. , Kim A. G. , Lidman C. , Sako M. , Tucker B. E.
Published: July 2023

As the scale of cosmological surveys increases, so does the complexity in the analyses. This complexity can often make it difficult to derive the underlying principles, necessitating statistically rigorous testing to ensure the results of an analysis are consistent and reasonable. This is particularly important in multi-probe cosmological analyses like those used in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the upcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time, where accurate uncertainties are vital. In this paper, we present a statistically rigorous method to test the consistency of contours produced in these analyses and apply this method to the Pippin cosmological pipeline used for type Ia supernova cosmology with the DES. We make use of the Neyman construction, a frequentist methodology that leverages extensive simulations to calculate confidence intervals, to perform this consistency check. A true Neyman construction is too computationally expensive for supernova cosmology, so we develop a method for approximating a Neyman construction with far fewer simulations. We find that for a simulated dataset, the 68% contour reported by the Pippin pipeline and the 68% confidence region produced by our approximate Neyman construction differ by less than a percent near the input cosmology; however, they show more significant differences far from the input cosmology, with a maximal difference of 0.05 in

$\Omega_{M}$

and 0.07 in w. This divergence is most impactful for analyses of cosmological tensions, but its impact is mitigated when combining supernovae with other cross-cutting cosmological probes, such as the cosmic microwave background.
MOTIVATIONS BEHIND ACTORS’ COOPERATION IN CIRCULAR ECOSYSTEMS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AND A BRAZILIAN CASE STUDY
Authors: Barquete Sophia , Hofmann Trevisan Adriana , Gonçalves Castro Camila , Mascarenhas Janaina
Published: July 2023

The circular economy (CE) aims at the cycling of resources through restorative and regenerative strategies. To achieve circularity, coordination of several actors is necessary. The interaction among actors allows the connection between the CE and ecosystem research fields. Although fundamental, the relationships, mainly cooperation, among actors within an ecosystem to foster circularity is not deeply explored in the literature. The objective of this study was to identify the possibilities of cooperation within circular ecosystems, in particular, the motivations that make the actors interact to achieve a CE. A systematic literature review (SLR) and a case study of a Brazilian ecosystem specialized in the recycling of carton packages to manufacture ecological tiles were conducted. The goal was to identify the motivations through the SLR and the case study so the theoretical and the empirical results could be compared. As a result, 28 motivations for actors to engage in ecosystems driven by circularity were identified. In order to achieve a complete and circular solution, actors must be able to clearly understand their roles and relationships so that they can establish new partnerships or reframe those already established.
SAFE PREPARATION AND DELIVERY OF GRAPHITE TARGETS FOR 14C ANALYSIS: PROCEDURES OF BRAVHO LAB AT BOLOGNA UNIVERSITY
Authors: Tassoni Laura , Kromer Bernd , Friedrich Ronny , Wacker Lukas , Cattani Maurizio , Friedrich Michael , Paleček Dragana , Pelloni Enrico , Peng Kehua , Thomas Michael Eric , Talamo Sahra
Published: July 2023

Nowadays, most radiocarbon (14C) laboratories can reliably avoid and remove any possible sample contamination during the pretreatment of organic samples (e.g., bones, charcoal, or trees) thanks to a series of methods commonly used by the radiocarbon community. However, what about the final step, the storage of graphite? Rarely do the laboratories produce their graphite and ship it as pressed targets to accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facilities for measurement. Pressed graphite in aluminum targets are vulnerable to contamination, and during shipment or storage, exogenous carbon can be introduced again. Here we report a test on various archaeological sample materials from different environments and different periods (from the past three millennia to the Middle Paleolithic period). We transformed them into graphite, pressed the graphite into targets and sent them to two different AMS laboratories to be dated. We observe that packing details of the targets, extended shipment and storage time may lead to contamination which can be avoided by appropriate packaging in tight metal cans and sealed in vacuum bags. Close cooperation and coordination between our chemistry laboratory and the AMS facilities, high standards in contamination removal, and efficient measurement planning enabled us to obtain reliable 14C ages within a short time.
THE FOOL'S ERRAND IN TERENCE'S HECYRA
Authors: Dwyer Justin
Published: July 2023

About halfway through Terence's Hecyra, Pamphilus sends his slave Parmeno on a fool's errand to find Callidemides, a (non-existent) friend of his (415–50). Previous analyses of this unique exchange have revealed several layers of humour at work, but this article proposes a new reading of the scene through the lens of performance and staging which suggests that Pamphilus’ verbal description of Callidemides is lifted from the physical appearance of Parmeno himself. This scenario accounts for all the elements of the fool's errand provided by Terence and ties the scene into the play's broader thematic interest in stock character subversion.
Earnings Autocorrelation and the Post-Earnings-Announcement Drift: Experimental Evidence
Authors: Fink Josef , Palan Stefan , Theissen Erik
Published: July 2023

Post-earnings-announcement drift (PEAD) is one of the most solidly documented asset pricing anomalies. We use the controlled conditions of the experimental lab to investigate whether earnings autocorrelation is the driving cause of this anomaly. We observe PEAD in settings with uncorrelated and correlated earnings surprises, confirming that earnings autocorrelation is not a necessary condition for PEAD. Instead, it acts as an accelerator: PEAD is stronger when earnings surprises are correlated. We further show that market prices underadjust to fundamental value changes, and that trading strategies can profitably exploit the PEAD.
Deep Learning in Characteristics-Sorted Factor Models
Authors: Feng Guanhao , He Jingyu , Polson Nicholas G. , Xu Jianeng
Published: July 2023

This article presents an augmented deep factor model that generates latent factors for cross-sectional asset pricing. The conventional security sorting on firm characteristics for constructing long–short factor portfolio weights is nonlinear modeling, while factors are treated as inputs in linear models. We provide a structural deep-learning framework to generalize the complete mechanism for fitting cross-sectional returns by firm characteristics through generating risk factors (hidden layers). Our model has an economic-guided objective function that minimizes aggregated realized pricing errors. Empirical results on high-dimensional characteristics demonstrate robust asset pricing performance and strong investment improvements by identifying important raw characteristic sources.
Sexual abuse and psychotic phenomena: a directed acyclic graph analysis of affective symptoms using English national psychiatric survey data
Authors: Moffa Giusi , Kuipers Jack , Kuipers Elizabeth , McManus Sally , Bebbington Paul
Published: July 2023

Background

Sexual abuse and bullying are associated with poor mental health in adulthood. We previously established a clear relationship between bullying and symptoms of psychosis. Similarly, we would expect sexual abuse to be linked to the emergence of psychotic symptoms, through effects on negative affect.

Method

We analysed English data from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys, carried out in 2007 (N = 5954) and 2014 (N = 5946), based on representative national samples living in private households. We used probabilistic graphical models represented by directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). We obtained measures of persecutory ideation and auditory hallucinosis from the Psychosis Screening Questionnaire, and identified affective symptoms using the Clinical Interview Schedule. We included cannabis consumption and sex as they may determine the relationship between symptoms. We constrained incoming edges to sexual abuse and bullying to respect temporality.

Results

In the DAG analyses, contrary to our expectations, paranoia appeared early in the cascade of relationships, close to the abuse variables, and generally lying upstream of affective symptoms. Paranoia was consistently directly antecedent to hallucinations, but also indirectly so, via non-psychotic symptoms. Hallucinosis was also the endpoint of pathways involving non-psychotic symptoms.

Conclusions

Via worry, sexual abuse and bullying appear to drive a range of affective symptoms, and in some people, these may encourage the emergence of hallucinations. The link between adverse experiences and paranoia is much more direct. These findings have implications for managing distressing outcomes. In particular, worry may be a salient target for intervention in psychosis.
National health technology assessment in Turkiye after a decade: are key principles followed?
Authors: Avşar Tuba Saygın , Yıldırım Hasan Hüseyin
Published: July 2023

Background

Health technology assessment (HTA) is growing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to ensure optimal use of limited resources. However, the impact of HTAs on decision making in LMICs has been limited. The study aimed to provide an overview of Turkiye’s progress since establishing the first HTA agency in 2012.

Methods

The web sites of three national HTA agencies in Turkiye were searched for HTA guidelines and national HTA reports. The HTA guidelines were assessed by two researchers independently against the key principles of HTA developed by Drummond et al., and the HTA reports against the national guidelines.

Results

The study included one HTA guideline and eight national HTA reports. The guideline included very limited technical guidance. Compliance with the principles was poor to moderate, and significant methodological limitations were identified. The reports were inconsistent regarding the scope and the HTA assessment criteria. The link between HTA findings, HTA decision making, and health policies were not clear.

Discussion

The inconsistencies between the reports and the methodological limitations demonstrate the need for national HTA guidelines. Improving the characteristics of the HTA might impact implementation. Among the key issues is transparency regarding priority setting, the HTA process, and decision making.

Conclusion

Establishing and adopting national HTA guidelines at international standards is needed. Involving external scientific committees and health economists in the HTA processes might help ensure that the key principles of HTA are followed. The study findings might be helpful for countries that are developing their HTA systems.
Disparity-persistence and the multistep friendship paradox
Authors: Berenhaut Kenneth S. , Zhang Chi M.
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we consider the friendship paradox in the context of random walks and paths. Among our results, we give an equality connecting long-range degree correlation, degree variability, and the degree-wise effect of additional steps for a random walk on a graph. Random paths are also considered, as well as applications to acquaintance sampling in the context of core-periphery structure.
Synchrotron powder diffraction data for some smectite clay mineral standards
Authors: Reid Joel W.
Published: July 2023

Synchrotron powder diffraction data is presented for a series of relatively phase-pure smectite clay mineral standards obtained from the Clay Minerals Society. Rietveld refinement using a model for turbostratic disorder was performed to estimate the lattice parameters and mineral impurities in the smectite standards. Bragg reflection lists and raw data have been provided for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File.
A general framework for the semantics of type theory
Authors: Uemura Taichi
Published: July 2023

We propose an abstract notion of a type theory to unify the semantics of various type theories including Martin–Löf type theory, two-level type theory, and cubical type theory. We establish basic results in the semantics of type theory: every type theory has a bi-initial model; every model of a type theory has its internal language; the category of theories over a type theory is bi-equivalent to a full sub-2-category of the 2-category of models of the type theory.
Acute coronary syndrome due to multi-vessel coronary artery spasm in an Afghan refugee adolescent mimicking recurrent myocarditis
Authors: Donmez Yasemin Nuran , Erat Mehmet , Tapci Ayse Esra , Yigit Hasan
Published: July 2023

Vasospastic angina is extremely uncommon for adolescents to experience chest discomfort, which is defined by transitory ST segment elevation or depression and angina symptoms that occur while at rest. It may result in potentially fatal conditions like myocardial infarction, ventricular fibrillation, or even sudden cardiac arrest. To aim of this article is to report a very rare case of a 17-year-old male Afghan refugee who was diagnosed with vasospastic angina after presenting with chest pain, and after receiving calcium channel blocker and nitrates for medical therapy, there were no angina attacks. Our case underlines the value of a thorough evaluation of adolescent’s chest pain, the need to diagnose based on the symptoms, and the necessity of performing coronary angiography to rule out coronary causes when there is a high suspicion to a cardiac cause.
Association of coffee consumption with the prevalence of hearing loss in US adults, NHANES 2003–2006
Authors: Wu Shan , Zhu Shiheng , Mo Fengxin , Yuan Xiaojing , Zheng Qiutong , Bai Yan , Yang Wenhan , Chen Qingsong
Published: July 2023

Objective:

This study aims to explore the association between coffee consumption and the prevalence of hearing loss in American adults based on a national population-based survey.

Design:

Cross-sectional analysis of reported audiometric status and coffee intake from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multivariate logistic regression, forest plots and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were used to explore the associations and dose–response relationships between coffee consumption frequency and hearing loss.

Setting:

The USA.

Participant:

This study included 1894 individuals aged ≥ 20 from the 2003–2006 NHANES.

Results:

In this study, the prevalence of speech-frequency hearing loss (SFHL) and high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL) among the participants was 35·90 % and 51·54 %, respectively. Compared with those who no consumed coffee, non-Hispanic White who consumed ≥ 4 cups/d had higher prevalence of SFHL (OR: 1·87; 95 % CI: 1·003. 3·47). And a positive trend of coffee consumption frequency with the prevalence of HFHL was found (Ptrend= 0·001). This association of HFHL was similar for participants aged 20–64 (Ptrend= 0·001), non-Hispanic White (Ptrend= 0·002), non-noise exposure participants (Ptrend= 0·03) and noise-exposed participants (Ptrend= 0·003). The forest plots analysis found that the association between 1 cup-increment of daily coffee consumption and the prevalence of HFHL was statistically significant in males. RCS model supported a positive linear association of coffee consumption with SFHL (Pfor overall association = 0·02,Pfor nonlinearity = 0·48) and a positive non-linear association of coffee consumption with HFHL (Pfor overall association = 0·001,Pfor nonlinearity = 0·001).

Conclusion:

Our findings suggested that coffee consumption was associated with higher prevalence of hearing loss. Further cohort studies in larger population are needed to investigate these findings.
Exploring the genetic diversity ofAegle marmelos(L.) Correa populations in India
Authors: Chaturvedi Kanupriya , Kumara Uday , Sane Anuradha , Singh Pritee , Kumar Prakash , Tripathi Prakash Chandra
Published: July 2023

Bael is an important sub-tropical fruit crop in family Rutaceae that is widely distributed throughout South-East Asia. For local communities, the nutritious composition of its fruits and leaves offers tremendous economic and social possibilities to exploit. However, its underutilized status, as well as man-made threats to its natural habitat, make it imperative to implement concrete strategies for its cultivation and conservation. To fully grasp the ability of this adaptable fruit tree for human health and environmental well-being, it is necessary to characterize the genetic diversity. The goal of this study was to use morphological (13 quantitative traits), biochemical (9 attributes) and molecular (10 SRAP primers) characterization to evaluate 24 bael genotypes from two agroecological zones of India. Fruit and pulp weight ranged from 79.0– to 1478.8 g and 15.0– to 894.3 g with mean values of 448.67 and 233.3 g, respectively. Traits such as fruit, pulp, and seed weight (g), fruit length (cm) and width (cm), number of fruits per tree, number of seeds per fruit, shell weight (g) and shell thickness (mm) recorded highly significant differences. High phenol (11.65–24.38 mg GAE/g fw) and flavonoid (12.32–74.63 mg CE/g fw) content was observed in fruit pulp indicating significant antioxidant potential of this fruit. Several morphological and biochemical characters were found to have significant positive correlations. Principal component analysis revealed that first five components contributed 96.76% to total variation. Hierarchical cluster analysis separated the populations into two distinct clusters, while analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) using SRAP markers revealed that 70% of the total marker variation was due to interpopulation variance, while 30% was attributed to intrapopulation.
‘A REMARKABLE ARTIFICE’: LAPLACE, POISSON AND MATHEMATICAL PURITY
Authors: PEL BRAM
Published: July 2023

In the early nineteenth century, a series of articles by Laplace and Poisson discussed the importance of ‘directness’ in mathematical methodology. In this thesis, we argue that their conception of a ‘direct’ proof is similar to the more widely contemplated notion of a ‘pure’ proof. More rigorous definitions of mathematical purity were proposed in recent publications by Arana and Detlefsen, as well as by Kahle and Pulcini: we compare Laplace and Poisson’s writings with these modern definitions of purity and show how the modern definitions fail to grasp some more nuanced aspects.