bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Different Water Quality Parameters on Prawn (Macrobrachium Rosenbergii) Yield, Phytoplankton Abundance and Phytoplankton Diversity at New Zealand Prawns Limited, Wairakei, New Zealand
Authors:   , MacGibbon Daniel John
Published: November 2021

Aquaculture is the fastest growing industry in the food sector and demand for aquaculture products is continuing to grow as many wild stocks from capture fisheries continue to decline. It is imperative that water quality in an aquaculture system is closely controlled in order to maintain the health of the species under culture and maximize production. New Zealand Prawns Limited (NZPL) is an aquaculture facility in Wairakei, New Zealand that cultures the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Dramatically reduced yields of prawns have been observed in ponds following periodic blooms of benthic algae. In this study, water quality variables were measured in grow out ponds at 9-11 day intervals. I measured temperature, phytoplankton abundance, phytoplankton diversity, turbidity, and concentrations of ammonia, nitrate, orthophosphate, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a. This data was combined with information on pond depth and prawn yield in order to investigate what variables influence the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton, benthic algal blooms and prawn yield. The difficulty of combining scientific endeavour with commercial enterprises resulted in only a small data set being available for analysis but it appears that benthic algal blooms at NZPL may be due to excessive light penetration to the benthos due to shallow pond depths, and reduced shading of the benthos when phytoplankton abundance is low. Low phytoplankton abundance may possibly be a result of low orthophosphate. There was insufficient data to determine what impacts, if any, the variables investigated have on prawn yield or how water quality variables change with time. Future studies and experiments are recommended in order to increase knowledge of farming M. rosenbergii; a valuable crustacean that has been shown to have a lower social and environmental impact than many other more common aquaculture species.
Maturation and Personhood in Wellington, New Zealand and Shizuoka, Japan
Authors:   , Theng Judith Helen
Published: November 2021

This thesis is a comparative study of maturation and personhood in two modern societies: Wellington, New Zealand and Shizuoka, Japan. It examines the interrelations between cultural and ideological constraints and pragmatic choice in the maturation of young people. It explores how concepts of personhood and 'becoming a person' affect the decisions and choices made by young people of senior high school age and upward as they negotiate transitions toward fuller social personhood. It demonstrates how modernity carries different implications for young people in Wellington and Shizuoka despite large areas of commonality. In terms of the current debate concerning the nature of modernity, it is supportive of multiple modernities. The thesis argues that 'becoming adult' is central to young people's maturation in Wellington whereas in Shizuoka maturation involves sequential transitions through time. The different perceptions of 'adulthood' in Wellington and of transitional change in Shizuoka are analysed in relation to a number of themes. These themes include ideas of the self/person, the significance of gender, concepts of independence, and relations between self and others; the importance of school, part-time work, tertiary education, employment and careers; and orientations toward the family, leaving home, marriage and the future. The thesis argues that the distinctiveness of each society may be found at the interface between sociocultural knowledge of what makes a person and the construction of self. It suggests that the direction of transformations in each society results from choices and decisions that attempt to reconcile socoiocultural ideals and personal desires. This approach is one that leads to a better appreciation of fundamental differences between modern societies.
Using the Randomized Response Technique to Investigate Illegal Fishing and Contribute to Abalone Management in Northern California
Authors:   , Blank Sara Grace
Published: November 2021

Illegal fishing has detrimental environmental and social impacts, but these effects are difficult to mitigate without reliable estimates of fisher non-compliance. Methods used by fisheries managers to estimate illegal fishing often require indirect estimation of poaching using biological, economic, or sociological indicators. This study presents a unique application of the randomized response technique (RRT) for direct estimation of non-compliance in the Northern California recreational red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) fishery. Using an anonymous paper-based compliance and sociodemographic survey of recreational fishers in Sonoma and Mendocino Counties, I estimate 29% non-compliance with the daily take limit, 23% with the minimum size limit, 19% with licensing laws, and 15% with the annual take limit and among the general population. No significant relationship between the socio-demographic variables gathered (age, income, county of residence, fishing experience) and RRT survey responses indicates that no clear profile can be ascertained to help identify potential violators. However, visitors have higher non-compliance estimates for all regulations except daily take limits, for which an estimated 72% of locals violate vs. only 18% of visitors. These rule-specific violation estimates allow for the development of efficient management priorities, as managers may target specific measures or user groups. Further research should develop quantitative RRT estimates of illegal take, and explore violation drivers operating within the fisher population.
Tiakina Kia Ora: Protecting Our Freshwater Mussels
Authors:   , Rainforth Hannah Jane
Published: November 2021

Matauranga (traditional ecological knowledge) built up by Whanganui iwi during their long association with the Whanganui River provides information on local biota and anthropological changes to the river. This matauranga records a decline in one local species, the kakahi (Echyridella menziesii (Gray, 1843)). Reasons suggested for this decline include alterations to flow and desiccation following a hydropower scheme, sedimentation, domestic and agricultural pollution, gravel extraction and channel modification. Decline was confirmed by a survey of historic kakahi beds: decline was evident at 16 (73%) of 22 sites. Of those 16 sites, there were 7 sites where decline was so severe that the population had been extirpated. Of the 15 historic beds where kakahi are still extant, four (27%) were remnant populations. Evidence of recruitment was found at only four (27%) of the 15 extant populations, or 18% of the total number of sites searched. Effect of suspended sediment concentrations ranging from 5.5 to 1212 mg.L-1 on ka kahi feeding behaviour and physiology was explored. Both filtration rate and rejection rate increased with increased sediment load (from 1.62 mg.h-1 to 190.88 mg.h-1 and from 0.62 to 201.53 mg.h-1 respectively) but clearance rate decreased with sediment increase (from 0.42 to 0.20 L.h-1). Behaviour was unaffected, with kakahi filtering on average 78% of the time. As particulate organic matter increased, clearance rate decreased and filtration rate increased. Filtration rate declined with increasing % organic matter. Kakahi can continue feeding under very high sediment loads for short periods. Much remains uncertain about kakahi, from their early biology to reasons for decline. Restoration options were explored using an adaptive management framework within which different hypotheses can be trialled in an experimental manner. This proved difficult due to confounding factors. However, given the established link between vegetation clearance and sedimentation, an initial restoration focus which evaluates catchment revegetation and its impact on kakahi survival and growth is suggested.
Emotion-based Parameter Modulation for a Mobile Robot Planning and Control System
Authors:   , Lee-Johnson Christopher Peter
Published: November 2021

The hypothesis that artificial emotion-like mechanisms can improve the adaptive performance of robots and intelligent systems has gained considerable support in recent years. While artificial emotions are typically employed to facilitate human-machine interaction, this thesis instead focuses on modelling emotions and affect in a non-social context. In particular, affective mechanisms are applied to the problem of mobile robot navigation. A three-layered reactive/deliberative controller is developed and implemented, resulting in several contributions to the field of mobile robot control. Rather than employing a reactive layer, a deliberative layer and an interface between them, the control problem is decomposed into three different conceptual spaces - position space, direction space and velocity space - with a distinct control layer applied to each. Existing directional and velocity space approaches such as the vector field histogram (VFH) and dynamic window methods employ different underlying mechanisms and terminology. This thesis unifies these approaches in order to compare and combine them. The weighted sum objective functions employed by some existing approaches that inspired the presented directional and velocity control layers are replaced by weighted products. This enables some hard constraints to be relaxed in favour of weighted contributions, potentially improving a system's flexibility without sacrificing safety (but coming at a cost to efficiency). An affect model is developed that conceptualises emotions and other affective interactions as modulations of cognitive processes. Unlike other models of affect-modulated cognition (e.g. Dorner and Hille, 1995), this model is designed specifically to address problems relating to mobile robot navigation. The role of affect in this model is to continuously adapt a controller's behaviour patterns in response to different environments and momentary conditions encountered by the robot. Affective constructs such as moods and emotions are represented as intensity values that arise from hard-coded interpretations of local stimuli, as well as from learned associations stored in global maps. They are expressed as modulations of control parameters and location-specific biases to path-planning. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted in procedurally-generated environments to assess the performance contributions of this model and its individual components.
Palaeogeography of a Mid Miocene Turbidite Complex, Moki Formation, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand.
Authors:   , Grain Sarah
Published: November 2021

The Moki Formation, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand, is a Mid Miocene (Late Altonian to Early Lillburnian) sand-rich turbidite complex bounded above and below by the massive bathyal mudstone of the Manganui Formation. The Moki Formation is a proven hydrocarbon reservoir with its stacked, thick, tabular sandstone packages totalling more than 300 m in places. Previous regional studies of the formation have been based primarily on well data and resulted in varying palaeogeographic interpretations. This study, restricted to the southern offshore region of the basin, better constrains the spatial and temporal development of the Moki Formation by combining well data with seismic interpretation to identify key stratal geometries within the sediment package. Nearly 30,000 km of 2D seismic reflection profiles and two 3D surveys, along with data from 18 wells and three cores were reviewed and key sections analysed in detail. Seismic facies have been identified which provide significant insights into the structure, distribution and progressive development of the Moki Formation. These include: a clearly defined eastern limit of the fan complex, thinning and fining of the distal turbidite complex onto the basin floor in the north and west, evidence of fan lobe switching, spectacular meandering channel systems incised into the formation at seismic scales, and the coeval palaeoshelf-slope break in the south east of the basin. In addition, a Latest Lillburnian / Waiauan turbidite complex has been mapped with large feeder, fan and bypassing channels traced. This study presents an improved palaeogeographic interpretation of the Moki Formation and the younger, Latest Lillburnian / Waiauan-aged, turbidite complex. This interpretation shows that during the Late Altonian, sandstone deposition was localised to small fan bodies in the vicinity of Maui-4 to Moki-1 wells. A bathymetric deepening during the Clifdenian is identified, which appears to have occurred concurrently as the establishment of the Moki Formation fan system, centred around the southern and central wells. With continued sediment supply to the basin floor, the fan system prograded markedly northward and spilled onto the Western Stable Platform during the early Lillburnian. Sand influx to the bathyal basin floor abruptly ceased and large volumes of mud were deposited. By the Waiauan stage, sands were again deposited at bathyal depths on fan bodies and carried to greater depths through a complex bypassing channel system.
Multiple Dispatch in Practice
Authors:   , Muschevici Radu
Published: November 2021

Multiple dispatch uses the run time types of more than one argument to a method call to determine which method body to run. While several languages over the last 20 years have provided multiple dispatch, most object-oriented languages still support only single dispatch - forcing programmers to implement multiple dispatch manually when required. This thesis presents an empirical study of the use of multiple dispatch in practice, considering six languages that support multiple dispatch. We hope that this study will help programmers understand the uses and abuses of multiple dispatch; virtual machine implementors optimise multiple dispatch; and language designers to evaluate the choice of providing multiple dispatch in new programming languages.
The Influence of Ship Rats (Rattus Rattus) on the Habitat Preferences of the House Mouse (Mus Musculus)
Authors:   , Hancock Benjamin
Published: November 2021

As methods and successes of Rattus rattus (ship rat) control progress, particularly in island environments, the importance of managing Mus musculus (house mouse) increases. M. musculus can negatively impact on a variety of native fauna and flora, potentially creating long term cascading effects. M. musculus populations benefit with the reduction in R. rattus abundance and recover sooner from pest control programs. This three-part study investigated the habitat utilisation of M. musculus and how their relationship with R. rattus influences their habitat preferences. Firstly, hypotheses about the habitat preferences of M. musculus were tested over a landscape scale to determine the features of the environment most important to their distribution. Then the direct effect of R. rattus presence on M. musculus habitat-use was investigated in arena trials. Lastly, in the same arenas, canopy cover was tested as an indirect cue for M. musculus to evaluate the presence of R. rattus. Across 32 sites, M. musculus were the most abundant in warm dry habitats. North facing slopes and rank grass cover were the features of the environment that had the strongest relationship with abundance. In arenas M. musculus foraging activity was 52% lower in patches of short grass when R. rattus scent was present but foraging in rank grass and bare ground was not altered, suggesting activity was suppressed not competitive displacement. There were no significant changes in M. musculus foraging behaviour between different canopy treatments. Although a trend of nocturnal foraging activity dropping 26% when high canopy cover was over short grass compared to short grass patches with lower or no canopy treatments may indicate a risky habitat. M. musculus use of dense ground cover was common theme in this study and in the literature. R. rattus do influence the habitat selection of M. musculus though this was with direct presence more than indirect cues.
Could New Zealand's Domestic Purposes Benefit in Conjunction with the Tax Systems Impact Low-Income Women's Decision Regarding Family Formation and Childbearing?
Authors:   , Yosyingyong Sorraya
Published: November 2021

This thesis provides a descriptive analysis of whether New Zealand's Domestic Purposes Benefits (DPB) and some Family Assistance programmes, mainly Family Support, creates incentives for low-income women to become single mothers. This concern arises from two sources: firstly, eligibility criteria for many of these programmes require recipients to be single parents and secondly, assessment units for the welfare and income tax systems are different, resulting in relatively high Effective Marginal Tax Rate (EMTR) for low-income earners when they form a union with their partners. The Household Labour Force Participation Survey (HLFS) was used in the study over the period 1986 to 2004, during which significant welfare policy changes were introduced. If welfare policies do affect incentives for child-bearing and partnering among actual or potential welfare recipients, we would expect these policy changes to have had an impact on these outcomes. Our results indicate that low educated women demonstrated a continuous decline in partnering up rates, whereas high educated women revealed an increase in the partnering up rates over this period. Nevertheless, there were no fluctuations in partnering up rates among low-educated women, in response to these policy changes. Also, the pattern in the childbearing behaviour is similar among low and high educated women. Hence, without a comprehensive regression analysis, this study suggests that the New Zealand DPB and FS, in conjunction with the income tax system, might not have had an impact on actual or potential beneficiaries' decisions to form a union with their partner and to have a dependent child.
The Role of Customers in Extreme Programming Projects
Authors:   , Martin Angela Michelle
Published: November 2021

eXtreme programming (XP) is one of a new breed of methods, collectively known as the agile methods, that are challenging conventional wisdom regarding systems development processes and practices. Practitioners specifically designed the agile methods to meet the business problems and challenges we face building software today. As such, these methods are receiving significant attention in practitioner literature. In order to operate effectively in the world of vague and changing requirements, XP moves the emphasis away from document-centric processes into practices that enable people. The Customer is the primary organisational facing role in eXtreme Programming (XP). The Customer's explicit responsibilities are to drive the project, providing project requirements (user stories) and quality control (acceptance testing). Unfortunately the customer must also shoulder a number of implicit responsibilities including liaison with external project stakeholders, especially project funders, clients, and end users, while maintaining the trust of both the development team and the wider business. This thesis presents a grounded theory of XP software development requirements elicitation, communication, and acceptance, which was guided by three major research questions. What is the experience of being an XP Customer? We found that teams agree that the on-site customer practice is a drastic improvement to the traditional document-centric approaches. Our results indicate, however, that the customers are consistently under pressure and commit long hours to the project in order to fulfil the customer role. So while this approach to requirements is achieving excellent results, it also appears to be unsustainable and thus constitutes a great risk to XP projects. Who is the XP Customer? The initial definition of XP resulted in many people interpreting the onsite customer to be a single person. This research has highlighted that a customer team always exists, and goes further to outline the ten different roles that were covered on the team, which range from the recognised "Acceptance Tester" role to the less recognised roles of "Political Advisor" and "Super-Secretary". What are the practices that support an XP Customer to perform their role effectively on a software development project? An additional eight customer-focused practices have been uncovered to supplement the existing XP practices. These customer-focused practices together enable customers to sustainably drive XP projects to successful completion. The practices range from those that specifically focus on interaction (both with the programmer team and the larger organisation) e.g. "Programmer On-site" and "Roadshows" to those that specifically look to the well-being and effectiveness of the customer (e.g. "Pair Customering") to those that highlight the key steps or activities that need to occur along the way (e.g. "Big Picture Up-Front" and "Recalibration").
Developing Confidence: Visual Art Teaching in a Primary School
Authors:   , Bowell Ian
Published: November 2021

In New Zealand specialist courses in the arts at undergraduate level, and one year diplomas in teaching have been reduced. Visual art advisory time allocated to primary school teachers has also been reduced. As a result teachers' confidence in teaching visual art is under threat. This study focused on a group of generalist primary school teachers as they worked to develop their confidence in the teaching of visual art. They worked as a non-hierarchical collaborative group, using action research to analyse the voices of the children in their school, and to reflect on their own practice. Following their reflections they used their developed confidence to develop a visual art self-assessment system. Their developed confidence in teaching visual art enabled them to offer support in the teaching of visual art to other teachers within the school. However, the narrow focus of the study did not allow exploration of why the participants were motivated to develop their expertise in the teaching of visual art. The limitations of the data also failed to reveal whether the participants were able to sustain their collaborative working relationship after the study ended. The study recommends further research into the long-term sustainability of teacher collaborative groups and the motivation that enables teachers to develop their confidence in the teaching of visual art.
Clinical Nurse Leaders Within a New Zealand Setting: the Culture of Business and the Profession of Nursing
Authors:   , Gardner Suzanne Mary Frances
Published: November 2021

This thesis reports on an action research project undertaken to explore the role of the Clinical Nurse leader (CNL) in a District Health Board (DHB) in New Zealand. The CNL role has evolved against a backdrop of significant reforms that took place in the country in the 1990s. These reforms altered how public health services were funded, organised and delivered. Nursing leadership positions at both executive and clinical level were challenged in the reforms, as health services were expected to function using a market model. Not surprisingly, this clashed with the humanism of nursing. The action research project involved seven CNLs researching with the principal investigator to explore the role and establish how support afforded the role could be further improved. The research had two phases: Phase One involved each CNL being interviewed one-on-one and Phase Two involved a series of 10 action research meetings and related activities. The findings of the interviews consisted of 24 themes that related to the role of the CNL, the attributes of the CNL, the skills and knowledge requirements of the CNL, and the experience of being a CNL. These themes were presented by the principal researcher at the second action research meeting as the starting point for the group to decide its agenda. After three meetings, the group chose to focus on two themes: the conflict experienced between the leadership and management aspects of the role; and professional development afforded the role. The group identified what was important, agreeing the role was one of leadership and management as well as patient care. Plans for role development for themselves and for the advancement of new CNLs were also created. The project provides an important contribution to our understanding of the work of the CNL. Not only did it produce outcomes related to role, support and scope but it also shed light on the importance of the relationship between the role and its context of the DHB. The culture of business and the profession of nursing and a shared understanding of responsibilities as a way forward were recommended.
Comparison of Radial and Femoral Approaches for Coronary Angiography with or without Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Relation to Vascular Access Site Complications
Authors:   , Woodhead Jonele Maree
Published: November 2021

Background A major population health objective in New Zealand is to reduce the incidence and impact of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains New Zealand's leading cause of death (41%). This high demand on health services indicates the need for improved therapies and treatment. Significant advances in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) offers many patients who would not typically be eligible for treatment, the chance for a better quality of life living with coronary artery disease (CAD). At present femoral access is primarily used for coronary angiography and or PCI procedures, however more recently there has been a gradual shift to using the radial access approach. Study objective The study's objective was to look at comparing the different access sites used for coronary angiography (CA) and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and the significance of the rates of vascular access site complications. The research question considered was; "Is there a significant difference in the vascular access site complication rates when comparing radial to femoral approaches for coronary angiography?"  Methodology and design A cohort study design used observational prospective data on radial approaches and compared this with historical retrospective data on femoral approaches. The secondary (comparative) data was extracted from historical records, from earlier research I had completed. The collection of the secondary data involved strict criteria so that the observational study participants had similar baseline characteristics to ensure validity of this study. One hundred participants were recruited for each (prospective and retrospective) database and then compared and analysed. Findings The use of a radial approach for CA and PCI has a significant decrease in combined vascular access site complications (haematoma, vasovagal and arterial bleed), (p value 0.001), OR 0.28 (0.13-0.62). Haematoma is the main vascular complication (p value 0.009), OR 0.29 (0.11-0.74). Conclusion This study, although small, can be used as a pilot study for a more detailed and bigger national study within New Zealand. From the results it is clear there is a significant decrease in the vascular site complication rates when a radial approach is undertaken for CA and/or PCI. Through education and clinical practice, the radial approach would ensure better patient safety, satisfaction and comfort which would help reduce the patients length of stay and increase patients treated with timely discharges. It could also help decrease the nurses' workload caring for the patient with the radial approach due to the lesser complication rates. More extensive use of radial approaches for CA and or PCI would ensure the above benefits for the patients, staff and the organisation.
The Impacts of Working with People Experiencing Suicidal Ideation: Mental Health Nurses Describe Their Experience
Authors:   , Murtagh Lynley
Published: November 2021

New Zealand has one of the highest suicide rates in the world and mental health nurses are the most likely professionals to assess a person presenting with suicidal ideation. Managing a suicidal crisis is acknowledged as being one of the most difficult and frightening challenges facing mental health professionals. This research aimed to have mental health nurses who work in acute mental health settings describe the impact that working with people experiencing suicidal ideation has on their personal and professional lives. This study followed the tenets of fundamental qualitative description as presented by Sandelowski (2000). Five mental health nurses participated in individual semi structured interviews. The data collected under-went systematic thematic analysis and the extracted findings were presented as a straight description. The findings from this study revealed that personal philosophies of care, the work place culture, organisational and professional expectations and their personal concepts about suicide all influenced the experiences of these participants. Mental exhaustion, tension and feelings of isolation and alienation from family and society were universal experiences. Two recommendations have been made based on the insights gained from this research. These are; tertiary institutions should offer post graduate studies on the subject of suicide as it relates to mental health nursing and national guidelines for the provision of supervision to mental health nurses need to be developed.
Uncharted Waters: Influencing Practice Through a Life Course Approach: How Caregivers' Life Experience Can Influence the Care They Give to the Elderly at the End of Life
Authors:   , Gellatly Katherine Anne
Published: November 2021

This project originates from my experience as a Palliative Care Nurse Specialist Educator working from a hospice environment. Observations and collaborative partnerships with staff in Aged Care Facilities provided insight into the palliative care needs of the residents at the end-of-life. Care Assistants (caregivers) provide the majority of direct care and spend most time with residents, with little training for providing that care, to residents with increasingly complex needs. A two phase exploratory descriptive project was designed using the life course research paradigm and life story narrative research to consider what life experience caregivers brought to their caregiving role in an Aged Care Facility in New Zealand and what influence education had on their work life. In the first phase a focus group, following education and the implementation of the Liverpool Care Pathway, was conducted and themes identified from an interdisciplinary staff team discussion. In phase two of the project four of the caregivers participated in a life story interview. The thematic analysis of these transcripts provided insight into the four caregivers' life experience. A novel method termed poetic condensation was used in the study to identify the essence of each person's life story. The researcher then reflected on each of the four life stories and identified the turning point in the person's life and a caring moment from the transcript. The discussion in the thesis reveals the impact of the education sessions and implementation of the Liverpool Care Pathway on the caregivers' practice and how this became a turning point in the delivery of care for the elderly residents particularly those who were dying in the Aged Care Facility. The researcher concludes the thesis by recognizing that her role as a palliative care clinical nurse specialist and educator is necessary to transfer specialist end-of-life knowledge and mentor staff as they shape best end-of-life practice.
Change, Choice and Difference: the Case of RN to BN Degree Programmes for Registered Nurses
Authors:   , Smith Tina Lynette
Published: November 2021

Bachelor of Nursing (BN) programmes for Registered Nurses (RNs) were developed in New Zealand in the 1990s. With the introduction of pre-registration degree programmes, transition arrangements that recognised the prior learning of RNs were established allowing existing RNs to obtain an undergraduate nursing degree through a shortened course. Many RNs entered these programmes, despite there being no requirement to obtain a degree qualification and with other education options available to them. Professional debate exists regarding the need or value of RNs undertaking such study and whether these programmes should continue. A case study approach utilising mixed methods was used to examine the personal meaning and the national professional significance of RN to BN programmes. While ultimately the outcome of earlier professional efforts, these programmes occurred as a result of change, change within the socio-political and economic context of New Zealand and nursing education. Change at this macro level affected the individual choices of RNs. These choices were further complicated by a lack of professional consensus and a landscape of difference, with programme requirements and availability differing between institutions, while employers varied in the amount of support and recognition they gave those who chose this option. There were personal and financial costs to completing a RN to BN programme, yet the RNs in this study all believed it was worth it, reporting positive personal and professional outcomes. The professional and educational environment has changed since the introduction of RN to BN programmes and the numbers of individuals and institutions involved with them have greatly reduced. Currently decisions regarding the continuation or demise of these programmes are made by individual educational institutions based mainly on economic rationale. Consensus and direction is required nationally and professionally regarding the place of these programmes within post-registration education. While these programmes have provided benefits for individual RNs, their time in nursing education may be coming to an end.
The Domain of Nursing: Developing Practice Through Action Research in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors:   , La Pine Mary Patricia
Published: November 2021

In the intensive care unit (ICU) the bedside nurse is the person who carries out the fundamental care to sustain life and comfort for that patient and is the conduit between the patient, their family/whanau, the doctors and the multi disciplinary team. Nursing practice has an indelible impact on that patient's life and future and for their family. This thesis presents a project on the reconnaissance phase of a future critical action research project. The project involved ICU nurses collectively defining their practice within the context of ICU and identifying aspects which needed development and change. As this was the first time that the nurses had met to define and discuss their practice it was essential for them to take this time in order to focus on the  reconnaissance phase as this will guide and inform all future action. The study is informed by Habermas' Theory of Communicative Action which has an emancipatory focus. The action research approach enabled the nurses to reach mutual understanding of their practice and reach consensus on areas of practice they wish to develop to enhance their care of the patient. Mutual understanding and consensus have been achieved using focus groups and interviews involving self reflection as well as collective reflection. The reconnaissance phase as described in this thesis involves the nurse participants collectively identifying their ideals of ICU nursing, then defining where they are unable to meet these ideals in the reality of every day practice. The themes emerging from the discussions are defined in terms of relationships; nurse to patient, nurse to family/whanau, nurse to doctor and nurse to nurse. These relationships are interconnected and all occur within the overarching theme of professional standards of care. Through the process of discussion and consensus the nurses identified nurse to nurse communication and support as the most important aspect of practice needing development. Reconnaissance in this research defines the beginning of the change process as the transformation begins with the creation of the communicative space enabling the nurses to connect and together to look ahead at what changes might now be possible.
The Antecedents and Consequences of Marketing Law Transgressions: an Australian Perspective
Authors:   , Gazley Aaron
Published: November 2021

Since the 1970s, a number of models have been developed that investigate the reasons why firms break the law. None of these, however, have focussed on why firms transgress laws specifically related to marketing, nor have they recognized the dynamic nature of the transgression process. Based on the extant literature, and a framework of motive, opportunity, and control, a model of transgressing the law was developed that formed the basis of empirical testing within a marketing context. Previous research has focussed on the factors that have led to a previous transgression and the factors that have impacted on intent to engage in questionable behaviour in the future. This model looks to link past and future behaviour by recognising the changes that occur in the firm as the result of a previous transgression being detected, and how these changes impact on the likelihood that future transgressions will occur. It is recognised that the commission of the transgression is not the end of the process, as experiences associated with committing the transgression, getting caught, and subsequent penalties will most likely influence decisions regarding future transgressions. This model also introduces the concept of unintentional illegality through a lack of knowledge of the law. The model is empirically tested using a combination of secondary data and a survey of marketing managers from Australia. The results find evidence that the transgression of marketing law is a dynamic process and show that control mechanisms, in particular, are effective in reducing the incidence of transgression.
Founding Events and the Maintenance of Genetic Diversity in Reintroduced Populations
Authors:   , Miller Kimberly Anne
Published: November 2021

As habitat loss, introduced predators, and disease epidemics threaten species worldwide, translocation provides one of the most powerful tools for species conservation. However, reintroduced populations of threatened species are often founded by a small number of individuals (typically 30 in New Zealand) and generally have low success rates. The loss of genetic diversity combined with inbreeding depression in a small reintroduced population could reduce the probability of establishment and persistence. Effective management of genetic diversity is therefore central to the success of reintroduced populations in both the short- and long-term. Using population modelling and empirical data from source and reintroduced populations of skinks and tuatara, I examined factors that influence inbreeding dynamics and the long-term maintenance of genetic diversity in translocated populations. The translocation of gravid females aided in increasing the effective population size after reintroduction. Models showed that supplementation of reintroduced populations reduced the loss of heterozygosity over 10 generations in species with low reproductive output, but not for species with higher output. Harvesting from a reintroduced population for a second-order translocation accelerated the loss of heterozygosity in species with low intrinsic rates of population growth. Male reproductive skew also accelerated the loss of genetic diversity over 10 generations, but the effect was only significant when the population size was small. Further, when populations at opposite ends of a species' historic range are disproportionately vulnerable to extinction and background inbreeding is high, genetic differentiation among populations may be an artefact of an historic genetic gradient coupled with rapid genetic drift. In these situations, marked genetic differences should not preclude hybridising populations to mitigate the risks of inbreeding after reintroduction. These results improve translocation planning for many species by offering guidelines for maximising genetic diversity in founder groups and managing populations to improve the long-term maintenance of diversity. For example, founder groups should be larger than 30 for  reintroductions of species with low reproductive output, high mortality rates after release, highly polygynous mating systems, and high levels of background inbreeding. This study also provides a basis for the development of more complex models of losses of genetic diversity after translocation and how genetic drift may affect the long-term persistence of these valuable  populations.
Influence of Pavement Construction of Expressway Extension Project on Subgrade Settlement
Authors:   The Fourth Engineering Co., Ltd. of CCCC First Highway Engineering Co., Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, China, Liu Guoyu
Published: November 2021

In recent years, with the rapid economic development, the scale of highway construction has continued to expand, and the lack of scientific design and construction has led to roadbed settlement problems. The paper first expounds the principle of subgrade settlement, and then discusses the influence of pavement expansion technology on subgrade settlement with an example, hoping to play a certain role in the development of similar projects.
PERLINDUNGAN HAK PEREMPUAN DAN ANAK DALAM PUTUSAN VERSTEK DI MAHKAMAH SYAR’IYAH IDI
Authors: Saputra Dian Saputra , Jamaluddin Jamaluddin , Yulia Yulia
Published: November 2021

Putusan verstek seringkali menimbulkan aspek tidak baik bagi perempuan dan anak pasca perceraian. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji perlindungan hak perempuan dan anak, upaya yang dilakukan dan kebijakan hakim memutuskan perkara verstek. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis empiris. Bahan hukum primer dan sekunder menjadi bahan utama serta data primer diperoleh dengan wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlindungan perempuan dan anak dalam putusan verstek sangat rendah disebabkan tidak adanya tuntutan hak dari perempuan. Perempuan jarang melakukan upaya untuk menggugat kembali berkaitan hak untuk diri dan anaknya pasca perceraian. Kebijakan hakim dengan penggunaan hak ex officio bila perempuan tidak nusyuz.
The Hybrid Recommender System of the Indonesian Online Market Products using IMDb weight rating and TF-IDF
Authors: Johari Muhammad , Laksito Arif
Published: November 2021

Today, consumers are faced with an abundance of information on the internet; accordingly, it is hard for them to reach the vital information they need. One of the reasonable solutions in modern society is implementing information filtering. Some researchers implemented a recommender system as filtering to increase customers’ experience in social media and e-commerce. This research focuses on the combination of two methods in the recommender system, that is, demographic and content-based filtering, commonly it is called hybrid filtering. In this research, item products are collected using the data crawling method from the big three e-commerce in Indonesia (Shopee, Tokopedia, and Bukalapak). This experiment has been implemented in the web application using the Flask framework to generate products’ recommended items. This research employs the IMDb weight rating formula to get the best score lists and TF-IDF with Cosine similarity to create the similarity between products to produce related items.
Penerapan Teknik Flushing untuk Memacu Produksi Peternakan Kambing Perbibitan di Kabupaten Lombok Utara
Authors: Suhardiani Rr. Agustien , L. Wirapribadi  , Poerwoto Happy , M. Ashari  , Rina Andriati  , Hidjaz Tahyah
Published: November 2021

Suatu kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan tujuan pokok untuk memacu produksi peternakan kambing perbibitan di Kabupaten Lombok Utara, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat, dilaksanakan dalam bentuk penyuluhan dengan metode demplot, orasi, dan diseminasi Ipteks melalui penyebaran leaflet. Kegiatan berlokasi di Desa Rempek dan Ganggelang Kecamatan Gangga, dengan sasaran strategis para peternak pada dua kelompok peternakan kambing perbibitan, dari kedua kelompok diambil 20 peternak sebagai sasaran langsung pembinaan. Demplot dilakukan menggunakan 20 ekor kambing induk Peranakan Etawa(PE) umur 2,0-2,5 tahun dengan BCS rata-rata 4. Budidaya kambing perbibitan dengan aplikasi teknik flushing menggunakan formula pakan konsentrat berbasis tepung daun turi (Sesbania grandiflora) didemonstrasikan pada dua plot dengan pemberian pakan (hijauan + konsentrat flusher) sepenuhnya di dalam kandang selama 90 hari. Capaian tujuan dan manfaat kegiatan yang dievaluasi dengan metode survey menggunakan quisioner dan pengukuran langsung kinerja reproduksi kambing-kambing demplot menunjukkan, semua peternak dari kedua kelompok sasaran telah memahami dengan baik materi Ipteks yang disuluhkan dan dipandang telah mampu mengembangkan budidaya kambing perbibitan dengan penerapan teknik flushing. Penerapan teknik Flushing sangat bermanfaat dalam mengatasi rendahnya angka kid crop sebagai akibat rendahnya performan prolifikasi ternak kambing perbibitan yang dibudidayakan.
Adição de diferentes fontes de óleo na dieta de suínos e seus reflexos na quantidade de EPA e DHA no músculo Longissimus dorsi
Authors: Gomes Julia Dezen , Silva Julia Pereira Martins Da , Campos Débora de , Gonçales Janaína Lustosa , Balieiro Júlio Cesar de Carvalho , Cesar Aline Silva Mello
Published: November 2021

Alimentos com elevado nível de ácidos graxos (AG) vêm ganhando preferência entre os consumidores devido aos diversos benefícios associados à saúde, como na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares. A car
Citizenship and Human Rights Within the Scope of Values Education
Authors: Yigit Mehmet Fatih
Published: November 2021

Using a social studies course with an interdisciplinary approach and organizing the program in conjunction with this circumstance means that the social studies curriculum can find its place in the real world because interdisciplinary nature enhances its value. The definition of the National Council on Social Studies in the United States in 1992 is also important in emphasizing how comprehensive this course is. According to this definition, social studies collaborate with different sciences such as anthropology, archeology, history, geography, law, economics, philosophy, political science, religion, psychology, and sociology. In addition to citizenship rights and responsibilities, the topics that include human rights, in general, are covered in the social studies course. In this light, social studies can be viewed as a course in which citizenship rights and obligations are taught to raise individuals who are responsive to human rights. In this context, the four main values, feeling valuable, equality, democratic education, and a culture of coexistence, that can be offered within the framework of citizenship and human rights in social studies courses are discussed below.
Memory and educational planning. Interaction, proximity, and intergenerational dialogue spaces
Authors: Tomarchio Maria , D'Aprile Gabriella
Published: November 2021

Education and training generate stories crossing personal, cultural and territorial identities. Storytelling nourishes the bonds and relationships between individuals and communities and keeps them alive, with an approach that empowers them both. In this sense, stories and tales mark territories that define interrelationships, build a sense of belonging, connect individual and collective memories, define boundaries and draw policies. When designed for educational purposes, stories and re-elaborations of experiences that have marked the life of the territories can become tools for self-construction and reconfiguration, shared community memory and intergenerational dialogues. This contribution presents the initiatives promoted at the ‘Casa della memoria operante’ in Palermo, which has been the seat of the Centro Studi Borsellino since 2018.