bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Young Africans. Peculiarities of Social Practices and their Role in the Formation of the Young Generation
Authors: Krylova Natalia , Rybalkina Inna
Published: January 2019

For the first time in African studies, conducted in Russia, the authors generalize and analyze the experience of centuries-old socialization practices in conjunction with the latest trends in this field.
The problem of childhood has long occupied an independent place in the wide range of scientific disciplines that to some extent examine the image of man. It is difficult to avoid standard phrases expressing the possibilities of studying this stage of a person’s life, all those institutions, rules and codes, traditions, customs and innovations, models of morality and culture that are laid in this unique period of life when mental essence and civil image are formed. One of the main factors of the sociocultural nature that forms a young African is the influence of community norms and traditions of values that hold down a person and tie him to a given social group. In a traditional African society, the family has always been (and remains) the main institution of socialization; for the individual it has been that very sociocultural field within which the personality has been formed. In a large African family, the problem boiles down to the development of a very simple model of behavior – to follow the precepts of the ancestors, to reproduce their experience and skills, to preserve their way of life. The formation of more or less close relations of the child with adults who take care of him/her – parents, relatives, friends of the family, etc. – turns the latter into the main agents of his/her socialization.
At present, one of the most important factors of socialization is schooling. Often children combine study and work; in Africa, child labor is the most common in the world. Despite the official legal prohibition of the use of child labor, family control plays a key role in its practice. It depends mainly on the family whether the child continues to study or leaves school and engages only in labor activity, the latter primarily within the family. The problem of reducing and eradicating child labor has both moral, ethical, and socio-economic aspects. To solve it, it is necessary to expand access to schooling, increase incomes by achieving greater opportunities for employment and earnings for adult workers, and change attitudes towards child labor on the part of the whole society, and at the same time observe the laws regulating its use.
Between the nation and the proletariat. Responses to the Russian Revolution of 1905 in the Slovenian lands
Authors: Grgić Renko Manca
Published: January 2019

The article deals with the presence of the Russian Revolution of 1905 in the Slovene newspapers. Special emphasis is placed on the Trieste newspapers, since the Edinost and the Rdeči prapor reported about the Russians with the greatest eagerness. Through the observation of the 1905 revolution, one can see how liberals and socialists represented or imagined Russia and can follow the ideological disputes they had regarding the ideas of revolution, freedom, workers, nationality and religion.
Alternative to the Soviet economic development path: the Socialist Republic of Slovenia in the 60s — 70s. XX century
Authors: Pilko Nadezhda
Published: January 2019

In isolation the FPRY had to look for new ways of existence. Tito and his associates understood the need to create a new economic system, taking into account the realities that arose after the break with the USSR, up until Tito’s death in 1980. Yugoslavia was a springboard for an uninterrupted economic experiment. The Socialist Republic of Slovenia, being one of the most developed republics of Yugoslavia, often acted as the initiator of various economic transformations in the country. The thesis of the unwillingness to “pull back the backward republics and territories” became the main one in polemics with the center. The desire to gain economic independence did not leave indifferent the intellectuals, which spoke more and more about the necessity of respecting the culture and maintaining the independent cultural development of the peoples of Yugoslavia.
UAS GANJIL 2019 NURUL AINI FADILAH 165100089
Authors: fadilah Nurul aini
Published: January 2019

UAS GANJIL NURUL AINI FADILAH 165100089
Some Tests on the Geotechnical Properties of Soil
Authors: Gutti Mala Babagana , Musa Ani Abdulfatah
Published: January 2019

Understanding of soil properties for good construction decision leads to a success project. The structural engineers can effectively and accurately design the structural elements of a structure based on the result of the soil test analysis, so that the structure’s long term variability and soundness is achieved. The result of soil tests and investigations also helps to determine whether there is need for stabilization and the foundation depth to attain the required bearing capacity. The method of soil test adopted in the practical are the physical and mechanical properties test. Therefore, the particle size distribution chart indicates the soil sample as a well graded silty-clay soil with more than 40% particles for both silt and clay within its mass. The consistency limits of the soil sample are within the range that categorized the sample as a small particle soil because its liquid limit ranges between 24.3%-36.5% which indicates also indicates fine particles are present in the soil and the plastic limit is moderate which shows that there is cohesion within the soil’s particles, this is a characteristic of silt and clay. The shrinkage limit of the samples is 2% which indicates little bulking factor as well as cracking and swelling of the soil mass and it also indicates the fact that the volume of the sample will decrease when the moisture is drain out of the soil sample mass. The specific gravity of the soil sample ranges within the range of 2.65-2.68, which is an indication of fine particles within the soil samples. Therefore, with all the results compared and contrast with the standards, the soil sample is a silty-clay soil.
Pengenalan Bahasa Delphi
Authors: aulina Lia
Published: January 2019

Borland Delphi 7 adalah bahasa pemrograman yang bekerja pada lingkup sistem operasi windows, dan merupakan salah satu program yang berorientasi object ( OOP ). kemampuanya dapat dipakai untuk merancang program aplikasi yang berpenampilan seperti program aplikasi lainya yang berbasis Windows. Kemampuan Borland Delphi 7 secara umum adalah menyediakan komponen komponen yang memungkinkan anda membuat program aplikasi yang sesuai dengan tampilan dan cara kerja windows, diperkuat dengan bahasa pemrograman tersetruktur yang sangat handal, yaitu bahasa pemrograman Object Pascal yang sangat terkenal. Khusus untuk pemrograman database Borland Delphi 7 menyediakan fasilitas object yang sangat kuat dan lengkap.
Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual dalam Dunia Industri Perdagangan
Authors: Firdiariani
Published: January 2019

AbstractHak kekayaan industri adalah hak yang mengatur segala sesuatu milik perindustrian, terutama yang mengatur perlindungan hukum. Hak kekayaan industri sangat penting untuk didaftarkan oleh perusahaan-perusahaan karena hal ini sangat berguna untuk melindungi kegiatan industri perusahaan dari hal-hal yang sifatnya menghancurkan seperti plagiatisme. Dengan di legalkan suatu industri dengan produk yang dihasilkan dengan begitu industri lain tidak bisa semudahnya untuk membuat produk yang sejenis/ benar-benar mirip dengan mudah. Dalam hak kekayaan industri salah satunya meliputi hak paten dan hak merek.Kekayaan intelektual adalah kekayaan yang timbul dari kemampuan intelektual manusia yang dapat berupa karya baik di bidang teknologi, ilmu pengetahuan, seni maupun di bidang sastra. Karya ini dihasilkan atas kemampuan intelektual melalui pemikiran, daya cipta dan rasa yang memerlukan curahan tenaga, waktu dan biaya untuk memperoleh suatu“produk” baru dengan landasan kegiatan penelitian atau yang sejenis. Kekayaan Intelektual (HAKI) atau Hak Milik Intelektual (HMI) atau harta intelek (di Malaysia) merupakan padanan bahasa Inggris intellectual property right. Kata “intelektual” tercermin bahwa obyek kekayaan intelektual tersebut adalah kecerdasan daya pikir, atau produk pemikiran manusia (the creations of the human mind) (WIPO, 1988:3).Dapat disimpulkan bahwa HaKI adalah bagian penting dalam penghargaan dalam suatu karya dalam ilmu pengetahuan, sastra maupun seni dengan menghargai hasil karya pencipta inovasi-inovasi tersebut agar dapat diterima dan tidak dijadikan suatu hal untuk menjatuhkan hasil karya seseorang serta berguna dalam pembentukan citra dalam suatu perusahaan atau industri dalam melaksanakan kegiatan perekonomian.Kata Kunci: HaKI Perdagangang,Hukum Industri,perekonomian.
ANALISIS JURNAL DUKUNGAN KELUARGA, DUKUNGAN PETUGAS KESEHATAN,DAN PERILAKU IBU HIV DALAM PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN HIV ATAU AIDS KE BAYI
Authors: ADOLF LEONARDO LUCIANO
Published: January 2019

penelitian Legiati, dkk yang mengatakan bahwa responden dengan dukungan bidan yang baik, proporsi responden yang melakukan tes HIV sebagai salah satu cara upaya pencegahan HIV lebih banyak daripada responden dengan dukungan bidan yang kurang. Ada hubungan antara dukungan bidan dengan perilaku tes HIV sebagai salah satu cara upaya pencegahan penularan HIV
SETTING OUT OF CURVES AND ROUTE SURVEYING FOR A ROAD
Authors: Gutti Mala Babagana , Musa Ani Abdulfatah
Published: January 2019

The report covers a view and a detailed explanation of the transformation of a proposed road required to be carried out on the main access road linking gate three (3) of the university of Maiduguri to the university teaching workshop. The need for easing the flow of traffic on this access road has risen, since it is an academic as well as commercial center in the institution. It is required that the road be an asphaltic road. The study transformations therefore involve the assessment of the propose road’s present condition, involving carrying out site test and surveys etc. as to what could be done and how best to enhance traffic flow. The study involves certain civil engineering processes such as highway surveying, alignment survey and geometric design of routes/roads. It also reports the earthworks including the average cut level and average fill level as well as the estimated volume of fill and the estimated volume of cu, including the bills of quantity plot out for the survey.
LIMITED GENDER KNOWLEDGE OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL’S TEACHERS: A CASE STUDY OF 20 TEACHERS OF SDN 28 DAN 43 RAWANG TIMUR PADANG, WEST SUMATERA)
Authors: Selinaswati Selinaswati
Published: January 2019

This research aims to describe the lack of gender knowledge of 20 teachers in two primary schools in Padang. It is assumed that teachers in primary schools are important to have gender knowledge. This is because primary schools are the basic education for pupils in building their character and constructing their mindset, especially mindset with gender awareness and gender sensitivity attitude. Thus during learning process, teachers without gender bias and lack of gender knowledge may widely spread the gender sensitivity and gender awareness in order to fight the bias gender and discrimination against women. The research takes qualitative method by using in-depth interview and distribute questioner toward 20 teachers in 2 primary schools. The result showed that most teachers in these two elementary schools lack of knowledge about gender concept. They seem likely difficult to make different among the definition of sex and gender concept. This lack of knowledge to some extent affected the learning process such as prefer to choose boys as chairman in the class, separate boys and girls in several activities. It is recommended in increasing the socialization process of gender knowledge around primary school’s teachers.
Mindful Leadership in the University
Authors: Minda John Paul
Published: January 2019

Academia, like many other sectors, is a complex work environment. Although universities vary in terms of their size and objectives, the average university in Canada and the US must simultaneously serve the interests of undergraduate education, graduate education, professional education, basic research, applied research, public policy research, and basic scholarship. A university receives its operating funds from tuition payments, governments, research funding agencies, and from private donors. Faculty are at the center of this diverse institution, providing the engine of teaching, research, and service. As a result, faculty members may find themselves occasionally struggling to manage these different interests. This article looks at the challenges that faculty members face, paying particular attention to the leadership role that many faculty play. I then explore the possible ways in which mindfulness practice can have a benefit on faculty well-being and productivity.
The interplay between emotion regulation, emotional well-being and cognitive functioning in brain tumor patients and their caregivers
Authors: Aerts Hannelore , Van Vrekhem Tineke , Stas Lara , Marinazzo Daniele
Published: January 2019

Objective: Brain tumor patients may suffer from a range of health-impairing problems reducing their quality of life. To identify potential targets for interventions, we examined the influence of different emotion regulation strategies on emotional well-being and cognitive functioning as indices of quality of life in patients and their caregivers in the early phase of treatment. Methods: To this end, we conducted a longitudinal study, measuring emotion regulation, emotional well-being and cognitive functioning on the day before each patient’s tumor resection (28 patients and 11 caregivers) and several months after neurosurgery (22 patients and 10 caregivers).Results: Results showed emotion regulation strategies are relatively stable from pre- to post-operative assessment. Nevertheless, several associations between emotion regulation strategies and quality of life indices were evident after tumor resection. In particular, our results were largely in line with previous research findings in healthy and other patient populations, corroborating the adaptive character of cognitive reappraisal, whereas suppression and expression of emotions were related to reduced cognitive and affective functioning, respectively.Conclusions: Based on these results, we suggest that further intervention or qualitative studies explore whether therapeutic interventions directed towards mastery of cognitive reappraisal techniques and appropriate expression of emotions could lead to improved long-term adjustment among brain tumor patients and their caregivers.
Risk Assessment Under Perceptual Ambiguity and its Impact on Category Learning
Authors: Hammer Rubi , Cerf Moran
Published: January 2019

Proper item categorization often requires prolonged learning of the value (gain or loss probabilities) associated with different items. We tested individual differences in learning strategies where the need to discriminate between two perceptually similar categories co- occurred with the need to learn the mean value of items within each category. In the primary experimental condition, participants had to learn that items in one category were always associated with a positive monetary value (+7¢ in 100% of the trials), whereas items in another, “risky” category were associated either with a larger monetary gain (+10¢ in 75% of the trials) or with a substantial loss (-27¢ in 25% of the trials). We found that even after hundreds of learning trials, participants often preferred an item from the second, risky category over an item from the always-positive-value category, despite a respective mean-value ratio of approximately 1:9 between the two categories. On the other hand, in the two other experimental conditions, where the value of the items in one category was always higher than the value of the items in the other category, participants quickly learned to identify which category of items had greater mean value, and preferred those items, as expected. The substantial overvaluing of items from a risky category (with lower mean item-value) over the always-positive-value category (with much higher mean item-value) indicates that under conditions that involve risk-taking and the transfer of knowledge between tasks, experience-based categorization decisions may substantially deviate from Bayesian inference driven by experience.
Journal of the History of Economic Thought Preprints – Review of Nature in the History of Economic Thought: how natural resources became an economic concept
Authors: Franco Marco Paulo Vianna
Published: January 2019

A review of Nathaniel Wolloch's Nature in the History of Economic Thought: how natural resources became an economic concept
Tinjauan Yuridis terhadap Syarat Formil dan Materil UU No 37 Tahun 2004 terhadap Perkara Kepailitan pada Putusan Nomor 09/Pdt.Sus-Pkpu/2015/Pn.Niaga Medan
Authors: Sari Dinda Agita , Zahara Elvi
Published: January 2019

Juridical Issues Against Formality and Material Requirements From Uu No. 37 of 2004 Against Bankruptcy Cases of Decision Number 09 / Pdt.Sus-Pkpu / 2015 / Pn.Niaga Medan

This thesis is basically about what are the formal requirements and material requirements of  Law No. 37 of 2004 concerning bankruptcy cases and relating them to the bankruptcy case of PT. Bumi Minang Padang Plaza Hotel. The proposed discussion is the regulation of bankruptcy law in Indonesia, with debt restructuring and the postponement of bankruptcy debt payment obligations, as well as the legal consequences of the bankruptcy decision of PT. Bumi Minang Padang Plaza Hotel. To discuss these problems, the primary legal material research is carried out, namely the material that is binding because it is issued by the Government, among others: statutory regulations, court decisions and treaties, the second is secondary legal material, namely materials which discuss primary material, between Other: books, articles, research reports, as well as various other scientific papers and all three tertiary legal materials, namely materials that support primary and secondary materials, among others: internet and others and conduct field research in the Medan Commercial Court

 
„Tata zaangażowany” – współczesny model ojcostwa na podstawie wybranych blogów parentingowych
Authors: Bilińska Patrycja
Published: January 2019

Zmiany w zakresie funkcjonowania polskiej rodziny spowodowały wyłonienie się nowego modelu ojca. Świadectwem zmian społeczno-kulturowych są blogi parentingowe. Analiza treści (pisanych przez mężczyzn) wybranych polskich blogów stała się podstawą dokonania opisu modelu, określonego przeze mnie jako "tata zaangażowany”. Tata zaangażowany  dba o jakość partnerskiej relacji z żoną i dziećmi, rozumie ich jednostkowe potrzeby, jest czuły i pełny empatii. Ideał zakłada nie tylko szczęście rodzinne, lecz także satysfakcję z życia zawodowego oraz realizacji osobniczych ambicji i dążeń, w tym coraz częściej budzącego zazdrość wyglądu. Dokonany opis modelu ojca stał się podstawą refleksji na temat kondycji współczesnej rodziny: kryzys, upadek, a może… uzdrowienie?
Polak-katolik w oglądzie socjologicznym (analiza wyników badań i wybranych problemów debaty publicznej)
Authors: Domagała Bożena
Published: January 2019

Jednym z wymiarów wielkiej zmiany społecznej i kulturowej zapoczątkowanej w roku 1989 pod hasłem modernizacji Polski i jej okcydentalizacji jest zmiana tożsamości religijnej i narodowej Polaków. Przez ostatnie  dwa wieki kształtowania się nowoczesnego narodu były one tak splecione, iż traktowano je synonimicznie. Problem ma wymiar historyczny i teoretyczny zarazem. Historyczny bo splątana tożsamość Polaka-katolika odnosi do szczególnej sytuacji narodu, jak wobec upadku swej państwowości szukał możliwości narodowego samookreślenia i tożsamości w kulturze. Teoretyczny, ponieważ należy odnieść się do tych teorii socjologicznych, które postrzegają religię jako korelat narodowej tożsamości i jako wartość rdzenną narodowej kultury. A także takich, które kładą nacisk na nieuchronność  procesów sekularyzacji i laicyzacji jako swoistych progów nowoczesności.
Ucieczka z Ziemi. Podbój kosmosu a obniżenie rangi człowieka w myśli Hannah Arendt
Authors: Scovil Jonathan
Published: January 2019

Artykuł porusza problematykę buntu człowieka przeciwko ograniczeniom ludzkiej, ziemskiej kondycji i odnosi się do poświęconych temu zagadnieniu prac Hanny Arendt. Autor wychodzi od analizy przypadku niemal 200 tysięcy osób z całego świata, które w 2013 roku zgłosiły się do projektu „Mars One” i tym samym wyraziły chęć bezpowrotnego lotu na Marsa. Następnie omawia przemiany w sferze nauki, technologii i zbiorowych wyobrażeń, które mogły do tego doprowadzić, pisząc o narodzinach wizji Ziemi jako „więzienia” związanych z eksploracją naszej planety, a także o ujednoliceniu obrazu wszechświata, które dokonało się za sprawą newtonowskiej fizyki. Dalej autor przedstawia koncepcję „kondycji ludzkiej” w rozumieniu Arendt i wskazuje na inne współczesne przykłady zmagania się człowieka ze stałymi ograniczeniami ludzkiej egzystencji, takimi jak nasza śmiertelność (krionika) czy przymus pracy (robotyzacja). Na koniec autor powraca do wyjściowego pytania o przyczyny tak powszechnej woli „ucieczki z Ziemi” i zastanawia się nad możliwymi konsekwencjami jej realizacji, przywołując tezę Arendt o obniżeniu rangi człowieka postępującym wraz z rozwojem nowożytnej nauki.
Pembangunan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan dalam Perspektif Sosial Ekonomi
Authors: Setijawan Arief
Published: January 2019

Kegiatan kepariwisataan dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengeluarkan masyarakat dari jurang kemiskinan. Beberapa daerah kota/kabupaten telah berhasil menggunakan pariwisata untuk mengembangkan daerahnya. Namun pemanfaatan sumber daya pariwisata juga mestiselaras dengan pembangunan berkelanjutan diantaranya pariwisata berlandaskan budaya lokal dan pemberdayaan kelompok masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan yang digunakan berdasarkan studi literature. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pembangunan pariwisata berkelanjutan membutuhkanketerlibatan masyarakat secara menyeluruh dari keseluruhan tahapan pembangunan, dari tahap perencanaan hingga pelaksanaan pembangunan.
KAJIAN POTENSI RUMAH NELAYAN SEBAGAI PRIORITAS RUMAH KHUSUS DI KABUPATEN BANJAR
Authors: Ulimaz Mega , R. Achmad Syahri , Rahayu Ummu
Published: January 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi tingkat prioritas rumah nelayan sebagai rumah khusus di Kabupaten Banjar. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif eksplorasi serta pembobotan dengan kriteria. Hasil analisa menunjukan rumah nelayan di Kecamatan Aluh-Aluh dapat diprioritaskan sebagai rumah khusus berdasarkan dukungan kebijakan tingkat nasional dan regional, kemampuan lahan yang sesuai, ketersediaan lahan yang masih luas, isu kebutuhan dukungan kegiatan maritim yang strategis, target pengguna yang jelas yaitu nelayan yang masih bergantung pada kegiatan penangkapan ikan, serta aksesibilitas yang baik. Rumah nelayan dapat dibuat sederhana dengan ruang untuk memenuhi aktivitas nelayan
KAJIAN LOKASI POS INDUK PEMADAM KEBAKARAN TERHADAP BENCANA KEBAKARAN DI KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Hirsan Fariz Primadi , Widayanti Baiq Harly , Kurniawan Agus , Yuniarman Ardi , Puji Lestari Sri Apriani
Published: January 2019

Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi kondisi eksisting pos induk pemadam kebakaran, tingkat kerawanan kebakaran dan penentuan alternatif solusi pemecahan masalah. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif serta analisis deskriptif dan analisis jaringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kondisi Pos Induk Pemadam Kebakaran cukup memadai, baik dari aspek kelayakan fisik bangunan maupun kemampuan pelayanan. Frekuensi kejadian kebakaran tahun 2016, rata-rata terjadi 2 kasus setiap bulannya. Daerah rawan kebakaran secara umum didominasi oleh daerah yang memiliki tingkat resiko kebakaran sedang. Alternatif solusi masalah lokasi pos induk pemadam kebakaran yaitu penambahan jumlah infrastruktur pemadam kebakaran, seperti hidran, Alat Pemadam Api Ringan (APAR), Smoke Detector, Automatic Gurgoyle
PENGGUNAAN METODE SIMULASI TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN WANITA PASANGAN USIA SUBUR (PUS) TENTANG DETEKSI DINI KANKER PAYUDARA DI DESA TEMBUNG KECAMATAN PERCUT SEI TUAN DELI SERDANG TAHUN 2018
Authors: Panjaitan Masriati , Sidabukke Idaria , Anita Surya
Published: January 2019

Prevalensi kanker payudara tertinggi di Indonesia terdapat di DI.Yogyakarta yaitu sebesar 2,4% disusul oleh Propinsi Kalimantan Timur sebesar 1,0% dan Sumatera Barat sebesar 0,9%. Sedangkan di propinsi Sumatera Utara sebesar 0,4%.SADARI merupakan salah cara deteksi dini untuk mencegah terjadinya kanker payudara akan lebih efektif jika dilakukan sedini mungkin ketika wanita mencapai usia reproduksi.Hasi penelitian Berdasarkan hasil uji T tes diperoleh nilai p value 0,020  yang artinya ada hubungan antara penggunaan metode simulasi dengan peningkatan keterampilan wanita PUS dalam hal deteksi dini kanker payudara dengan metode SADARI
LONG-TERM ADMINISTRATION OF PROLACTIN OR TESTOSTERONE INDUCED SIMILAR PRECANCEROUS PROSTATE LESIONS IN RATS
Authors: Herrera-Covarrubias D , Coria-Avila G A , Chavarría Xicoténcatl P , Fernández-Pomares C , Manzo J , Aranda-Abreu G E , Hernández M E
Published: January 2019

Evidence indicates that prolactin plays a crucial role in the normal function and development of the prostate, but abnormal high levels of the hormone are associated with hyperplasia and cancer of the gland. Aims: The present study was designed to describe the progressive specific histological abnormalities in the prostate of rats with chronic hyperprolactinemia. Material and Methods: Prolactin was administered during 4; 12 or 24 weeks, and the resulting prostatic alterations were compared with control rats, and also with those treated with testosterone, or the combination of prolactin + testosterone. Results: Rats treated with prolactin, testosterone or prolactin + testosterone expressed precancerous histological abnormalities in the dorsolateral and ventral portions of the prostate as early as in 4 weeks of treatment, but in all cases the malignancy increased after 12 or 24 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: Our study confirms that chronic hyperprolactinemia is a cause of prostate precancerous pathologies.
Superoxide- and no-dependent mechaniSmS of antitumor and antimetaStatic effect of L-arginine hydrochLoride and coenzyme Q10
Authors: Burlaka A P , Ganusevich I I , Golotiuk V V , Vovk A V , Lukin S M
Published: January 2019

Aim: To study the redox-dependent mechanism of antiradical, antitumor and antimetastatic action of L-arginine hydrochloride (L-Arg) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in vivo. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on С57Вl mice with transplanted Lewis lung carcinoma treated by intraperitoneal injections of L-Arg at low or high doses (60 and 360 mg/kg body weight), CoQ10 (0.2 and 1.2 mg/kg body weight) or their combinations. Electron paramagnetic resonance was applied for analysis of mitochondrial electron transport chain, СoQ10 levels, free iron (FI), the level of NO, and the rate of superoxide radical generation. The activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 in tumor tissue was determined by zymography method in polyacrylamide gel. Results: Administration of L-Arg at high doses caused an inhibition of tumor growth by 48 ± 8.0%, increase of superoxide radical generation rate and NO levels to a value of 1.23 ± 0.14 аnd 2.26 ± 0.31 nm/g tissue · min, and decreased activity of MMP-2 and -9 (3.55 ± 0.8 and 4.8 ± 1.0 r.u., respectively). Treatment with L-Arg at low doses stimulated tumor growth and increased the levels of MMP-2 and -9 activities (8.44 ± 2.7 and 9.8 ± 3.1 r.u., respectively). Administration of СoQ10 at high doses significantly decreased superoxide radical generation rate to the values of 0.44 ± 0.09 nm/g tissue · min, levels of free iron and NO, and caused tumor growth inhibition by 54 ± 11.3%. The combined use of L-Arg and СoQ10 at high doses caused tumor growth inhibition by 51 ± 7.4% compared to Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing untreated animals (р < 0.05). Conclusions: Administration of L-Arg and СoQ10 caused the dose-dependent effect on the rate of generation of superoxide radicals, level of ubisemyquinone, complexes NOFeS-proteins, levels of FI and NO. L-Arg at low doses positively modulated MMP-9 activity that promoted tumor progression. Upon combined use of L-Arg and СoQ10, superoxide radicals and NO form the redox state that causes decrease of MMP-2, -9 activities with consequent inhibition of tumor invasion and metastasis.
HIF-1 — A BIG CHAPTER IN THE CANCER TALE
Authors: Ajdukovic J
Published: January 2019

Approximately 1.0–1.5% of the genome is transcriptionally regulated by hypoxia, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is the transcription factor modulating many of these genes. Cancer cells are able to survive hypoxic environments and hypoxia itself can activate adaptive cellular responses that contribute to tumor progression. Many HIF-1α-mediated biological effects are beneficial for tumor progression, including metabolic shift toward glycolysis, inhibition of fatty acid β-oxidation, production of cellular reacreactive oxygen species and altering expression of tumor suppressor genes. HIF-1 promotes selective mitochondrial autophagy, resisand altering expression of tumor suppressor genes. HIF-1 promotes selective mitochondrial autophagy, resistance to T cell mediated lysis of cancer cells, induction of pluripotent cancer stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal and epithelialmesenchymal-endothelial transitions beneficial for tumor growth and progression, loss of E-cadherin. HIF-1 also induces production of signal molecules and cytokines by carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and upregulation of certain microRNAs important for cancer progression. This minireview focuses on the HIF-1 promoting role in tumor initiation and progression and HIF-1 targeting. HIF-1 pathway downregulation seems to be promising in future cancer treatment.
EFFECT OF ANTITUMOR DRUGS IN LOW CONCENTRATIONS ON THE BIOLOGICAL, IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC AND CYTOGENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN COLON CANCER CELLS in vitro
Authors: Bezdieniezhnykh N , Kovalova O , Lykhova O , Kocherga R , Vorontsova A , Zhylchuk V , Maksimyak G , Kudryavets Yu I
Published: January 2019

Objective: To estimate the impact of the low-dose anticancer drugs (ACD) with the different mechanisms of action and human interferon (IFN) alpha 2b on the biological properties, immunophenotypic and cytogenetic characteristics of colon cancer cells in vitro. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on human colon cancer cell lines COLO 205, HT-29 and 3C-P treated with ACD and IFN in subtoxic concentrations. Expression of CD44, N-cadherin, vimentin, β-catenin, ERCC1 and Slug was assessed by immunocytochemical method. Using cytogenetic analysis, the numbers of mitoses, cells with micronuclei, apoptotic cells and cells with nuclear protrusions were studied. Results: The prolonged exposure (up to 30 days) of colon cancer cells to low-dose ACD (0.2–0.5 µg/ml cisplatin and 0.1–0.2 µg/ml irinotecan) in combination with IFN (500–1000 IU/ml) led to 37-fold decreased colony-forming activity of these cell and 10-fold reduction of the number of cells expressing mesenchymal protein markers (N-cadherin, vimentin). Also, in COLO 205 cells treated with ACD and IFN the number of SLUG- and CD44-positive cells decreased by 92 and by 85%, respectively. Long-term cultivation of HT-29 cells in the presence of cisplatin and IFN resulted in 5-fold suppression of ERCC1 expression. The cytogenetic analysis has shown that the ACD, IFN and their combinations in subtoxic concentrations caused significant genotoxic effect, suppression of cell proliferation and accumulation of cells with micronuclei. The sensitivity of colon cancer cells to ACD in standard cytotoxic concentrations did not change after prolonged low-dose exposure. Conclusion: The data showed that the prolonged action of the low doses of ACD on human colon cancer cells resulted in the suppression of cell proliferation, colony-forming activity in soft agar, expression of epithelialmesenchymal transition-associated markers and significant cytogenetic changes.
DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGES WITH INTRAORAL MYELOID SARCOMA: REPORT OF TWO CASES & REVIEW OF WORLD LITERATURE
Authors: Kumar P , Singh H , Khurana N , Urs A B , Augustine J , Tomar R
Published: January 2019

Background: Myeloid sarcomas (MS) are rare extramedullary tumors composed of blasts of myeloid lineage that either precede, follow or present concomitantly with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or myeloproliferative neoplasms. The diagnosis of MS is especially challenging in patients without an antecedent history of leukemia. Methods: We present 2 cases of intraoral MS that presented as de novo lesions. A detailed review of cases of intraoral MS that either preceded or presented along with leukemia has been done with emphasis on diagnostic criteria used. Results: Two male patients aged 28 and 5 years presented with MS with one patient presenting with concomitant AML. A combination of morphological and immunohistochemical methods was used for diagnosis. A thorough review of world literature revealed 44 cases of intraoral MS that presented as de novo lesions. Conclusion: Intraoral MS is a rare tumor with poor prognosis. It may be diagnostically challenging due to its protean clinical manifestations and histological overlap with other tumors.
MATERIALS OF INTERNATIONAL VACTRAIN/ 3-rd SWEDISH-UKRAINIAN CONFERENCE ON CANCER DISEASES, JANUARY 16–17, 2017, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: January 2019

The scientific conference ‘‘International VACTRAIN/ 3-rd Swedish-Ukrainian conference on cancer diseases’’ was held on January 16–17, 2017 at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. These 1.5 days were filled with the lectures by the invited speakers and oral presentations selected on the basis of submitted abstracts from younger researchers. The meeting was focused on what we have learnt over the recent times, on the current situation, and on the important challenges for the future with focus on combating cancer.
INFLUENCE OF EXOGENOUS LACTOFERRIN ON THE OXIDANT/ ANTIOXIDANT BALANCE AND MOLECULAR PROFILE OF HORMONE RECEPTOR-POSITIvE AND -NEGATIvE HUMAN BREAST CANCER CELLS IN VITRO
Authors: Zalutskii I V , Lukianova N Yu , Storchai D , Burlaka A P , Shvets Yu V , Borikun T , Todor I , Lukashevich V S , Rudnichenko Y A , Chekhun V F
Published: January 2019

Aim: To investigate the mechanisms of cytotoxic activity and pro-/antioxidant effect of lactoferrin on hormone receptor-positive and receptor-negative breast cancer cells in vitro. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on receptor-positive (MCF-7, T47D) and receptor-negative (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468) human breast cancer cell lines. Immunocytochemical staining, flow cytometry, low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance, and the Comet assay were used. Results: Upon treatment with lactoferrin, the increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (p < 0.05), NO generation rate by inducible NO-synthase (p < 0.05) and the level of “free” iron (p < 0.05) were observed. Moreover, the effects of lactoferrin were more pronounced in receptor-negative MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. These changes resulted in increased expression of proapoptotic Bax protein (p < 0.05), reduced expression of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein (p < 0.05) and level of not-oxidized mitochondrial cardiolipin (1.4–1.7-fold, p < 0.05). This, in turn, caused an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells (by 14–24%, p < 0.05). Cytotoxic effects of lactoferrin were accompanied by an increase in the percentage of DNA in the comet tail and blocking cell cycle at G2/M phase, especially in receptor-negative cell lines. Conclusion: The study showed that exogenous lactoferrin causes a violation of an antioxidant balance by increasing the level of ROS, “free” iron and NO generation rate, resalting in the blocking of cell cycle at G2/M-phase and apoptosis of malignant cells.
MULTIPLE-FIELD INTERSTITIAL PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY OF SUBCUTANEOUSLY TRANSPLANTED CHOLANGIOCELLULAR CARCINOMA RS-1 IN RATS
Authors: Tzerkovsky D A
Published: January 2019

The aim of present study was to investigate an antitumor efficacy of multiple-field interstitial photodynamic therapy (iPDT) in vivo. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 15 white random-bred rats with subcutaneously transplanted cholangiocellular carcinoma RS-1. Chlorine-based photosensitizer (PS) Ce6CPPPS was administered via single injection at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg into the animal’s caudal vein. Photoirradiation (PI) of tumors was carried out 3 h after PS administration using 7 optical fibers SMA-905 with diode laser with 660 ± 5 nm wavelength at exposure doses of 150 and 300 J/cm² with 0.21 W/cm² fluency rate. The total power density was 360 mW and treatment time was 12 and 24 min. Antitumor efficacy of iPDT was assessed by evaluation of necrosis areas and depth of necrosis in experimental tumors. Results: The results have shown that interstitial PI with multi-field low power density enhanced the antitumor effect of PDT in the RS-1 model. Necrosis areas in tumor tissues after PI with exposure doses 150 and 300 J/cm2 24 h and 96 h after treatment were 83.78 ± 4.25 and 100% (p = 0.00074); 56.79 ± 3.24 and 95.46 ± 1.64% (p < 0.00001), respectively. Conclusion: An analysis of the literature data and the results obtained in this study evidence on high effectiveness of the method of multiple-field.
DETERMINATION OF CISPLATIN IN HUMAN BLOOD PLASMA AND URINE USING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR ONCOLOGICAL PATIENTS WITH A VARIETY OF FATTY TISSUE MASS FOR PREDICTION OF TOXICITY
Authors: Gerina-Berzina A , Hasnere S , Kolesovs A , Umbrashko S , Muceniece R , Nakurte I
Published: January 2019

Aim: The research was aimed to analyze a level of triglycerides in blood serum as a possible new marker of toxicity, particularly in patients with excess body weight, receiving cisplatin. Materials and Methods: Study involved 20 oncological patients with stage III lung cancer, who received palliative treatment with cisplatin. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for quantitative determination of pure cisplatin in urine and blood samples. Cisplatin concentration of the test samples was determined based on the data obtained from the calibration graph. Results: Quantitative determination of pure cisplatin is quite complicated. The elimination half-time for one of the groups was observed higher almost by half than for other patients. Higher dose of cisplatin showed a significant association with increase in triglyceride levels. We found a close correlation between body mass index and triglyceride changes during chemotherapy (p = 0.001; r = 0.67). The results indicate that a higher body mass index gives higher fluctuations of triglyceride levels in blood serum. Analyses of correlation between level of triglycerides and elimination half-time show that by an increase in the level of triglycerides in the blood serum cisplatin elimination half-time is prolonged (R2 Linear = 0.596). Cisplatin concentration in urine is higher and elimination takes longer time at elevated levels of triglycerides, where close correlation between fraction of excreted substance in urine and concentration parameters was seen (p < 0.01). Also good correlation for body mass index with fraction of excreted substance in urine and concentration parameters was observed (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Clearance of cisplatin, which was determined by the chromatographic method, is reduced in individuals with increased adipose tissue mass. Research data suggest that overweight affects cisplatin elimination from the body. The greater body fat mass can contribute to a greater rise of triglyceride level in blood serum. Triglycerides in blood plasma may serve as an additional indicator of higher cisplatin toxicity as a cardiotoxicity marker.
CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF METFORMIN IN VITRO DOES NOT CORRELATE WITH ITS ANTITUMOR ACTION IN VIVO
Authors: Pyaskovskaya O N , Kolesnik D L , Fedorchuk A G , Gorbik G V , Solyanik G I
Published: January 2019

It is known that metformin is a hypoglycemic drug used to treat type II diabetes mellitus. Recently active studies of its antitumor activity in relation to different types of malignant cells are conducted. Aim: To determine the relationship between cytotoxic activity of metformin in vitro and its antitumor activity in vivo. Materials and Methods: The rat C6 glioma cell line and mouse Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC) were used in this work. The number of living cells in the cytotoxic test was evaluated using sulforhodamine B. Parameters of tumor cell susceptibility to metformin activity in vitro were calculated using nonlinear and linear regression of experimental data. The antitumor action of metformin in vivo was evaluated routinely by the extension of survival time (ST) (in rats with intracerebral C6 glioma) and its effect on the volume of the primary tumor, the number and volume of metastases (in mice with LLC). Results: In cultured LLC cells in vitro, the proportions of metformin-resistant (A1, %) and metformin-sensitive (A2, %) subpopulations were 10.0 ± 2.2% and 92.0 ± 3.5%, respectively, in terms of the total number of living cells. Parameter t, which characterizes the sensitivity of cancer cells to metformin action (the lower is the value of this parameter the higher is sensitivity of cells to metformin cytotoxicity), for metformin-resistant and metformin-sensitive subpopulations was: t1(mM) = ∞ and t2(mM) = 2.9 ± 0.3, correspondingly. For metformin-sensitive subpopulation of LLC cells IC50 (mM) = 2.42 ± 0.34. The volume of the primary tumor, the amount and volume of metastases in mice receiving metformin at a dose of Dmin (0.15 g/kg) and Dmax (0.3 g/kg) values did not significantly differ from those in the control. However, in the case of Dmin, there was a tendency to increased volume of the primary tumor, in the case of Dmax, there was a tendency to increased volume of metastases. The analogical parameters (A1, A2, b1, b2, IC50 (1), IC50 (2)) characterizing cell sensitivity to the action of metformin in vitro were obtained in relation to C6 glioma cells. In metformin-resistant subpopulation, these parameters were: A1 (%) = 72.3 ± 1.4; b1 (%/mM) = 0.43 ± 0.005; IC50 (1) (mM) = 84.1 ± 2.4. For metformin-sensitive subpopulation, these parameters were: A2 (%) = 30.8 ± 2.3; b2 (%/mM) = 2.87 ± 0.4; IC50 (2) (mM) = 5.37 ± 0.45. In vivo, a statistically significant anti-glioma effect of metformin was observed: at a dose of Dmax (5.2 g/kg) administration of this preparation resulted in a prolongation of the mean ST of tumor-bearing rats by 23% (p < 0.05) compared with that in the control. Conclusions: We found no correlation between the cytotoxic/cytostatic action of metformin in vitro and its antitumor activity in vivo on the two types of tumor cells; these results indicate a significant contribution of the tumor microenvironment to the implementation of the antitumor activity of the drug.
L-ARGININE IS AN EFFECTIVE MEDICATION FOR PREVENTION OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION, A PREDICTOR OF ANTHRACYCLINE CARDIOTOXICITY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE LEUKEMIA
Authors: Skrypnyk I , Maslova G , Lymanets T , Gusachenko I
Published: January 2019

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of L-arginine in the prevention of endothelial dysfunction, which may be a predictor of anthracycline-induced myocardial injury, in patients with acute leukemia (AL) on the background of anthracycline antibiotics low cumulative doses from 100 to 200 mg/m2. Materials and Methods: A total of 81 adult AL patients (38 males and 43 females with the age of 16–59 years) were studied. The patients were divided into two groups: group I (n = 34), AL patients treated with chemotherapy (CT) and L-arginine hydrochloride; group II (n = 47) — AL patients treated with CT only. Cardiac evaluation and endothelial function assessment were performed at baseline and after second CT. Electrocardiography (ECG) parameters, lipid peroxidation activity, antioxidant protection and NO system state were evaluated. Results: The bioelectric activity abnormalities of the myocardium were observed in studied patients with low cardiac risk after induction CT. In case of L-arginine administration, only minimal daily ECG changes were recorded. A significant difference in the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system activity in patients of groups I and II was determined. We noticed deepening of endothelial dysfunction on the background of cytostatic therapy with anthracycline antibiotics compared with baseline values in patients of group II. It was found that prophylactic L-arginine increases superoxide dismutase level and reduces the total NOS activity due to its inducible isoform. Conclusion: The leading factor of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is the imbalance between free radical generation and their inactivation that leads to endothelial dysfunction development. L-arginine eliminates the prooxidant-antioxidant imbalance and improves the endothelial function.
PHENOTYPIC FEATURES OF ENDOMETRIAL TUMORS IN PATIENTS WITH FAMILY HISTORY OF CANCER
Authors: Buchynska L G , Iurchenko N P , Glushchenko N M , Nesina I P
Published: January 2019

Aim: To determine the peculiarities of expression of a number of proteins-regulators of the cell cycle in endometrial cancer (EC) cells in patients with a family history of oncological pathologies. Patients and Methods: 95 EC patients (stage І–ІІ) were included into the study. Clinical-genealogical analysis was performed. 54 patients (group I) had healthy relatives, and in families of 41 patients (group II) an aggregation of malignant tumors of different genesis (mainly tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and the female reproductive system) was recorded. p53, р21WAF1/CIP1, р16INK4a, and Ki-67 were assessed immunohistochemically in the surgical samples. Results: In the majority of patients, both from group I and II, moderately differentiated tumors were observed (in 38.9 and 46.3% of cases, respectively), mainly with deep myometrium invasion (64.8 and 58.5% of cases, respectively). In EC patients from group II, a significantly higher number of р16INK4a-positive cells (17.7 ± 1.7%; p = 0.001) and lower number of p53-positive (30.9 ± 3.2%; p = 0.05) and Ki-67-positive (26.9 ± 2.7%; p = 0.048) cells was observed compared to those in tumors of patients from group I (12.0 ± 1.6; 37.7 ± 2.8 and 36.7 ± 3.4%, respectively). Conclusion: Phenotypic features of the EC in the patients with family history of cancer differ from those in tumors of patients without such aggregation. The biological heterogeneity of EC seems to relate to the oncogenealogical history of patients. Also this biological heterogeneity is linked to the molecular features of EC cells, which affects cancer aggressiveness and the course of the disease.
CONSUMPTIVE HYPOTHYROIDISM: AN UNUSUAL PARANEOPLASTIC MANIFESTATION OF A GASTRIC GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR
Authors: Patial T , Sharma K , Thakur D , Gupta G
Published: January 2019

A 42-year-old hypothyroid shepherd presented with a progressive abdominal lump accompanied by nausea and abdominal fullness. In addition, he had worsening hypothyroidism, despite supranormal doses of thyroxine. Computed tomography of the abdomen was suggestive of a mass lesion in relation to the stomach. A resection of the mass was done and the histopathology was suggestive of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. After surgery, the patient became euthyroid. We believe the patient had consumptive hypothyroidism due to the tumor.