bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bakry–Émery, Hardy, and spectral gap estimates on manifolds with conical singularities
Authors: Sturm Karl-Theodor
Published: February 2025

We study spectral properties and geometric functional inequalities on Riemannian manifolds of dimension

$$\ge 3$$

≥
3

with singularities. Of particular interest will be manifolds with (finite or countably many) conical singularities

$$\{z_i\}_{i\in {\mathfrak {I}}}$$

{

z
i

}

i
∈
I

in the neighborhood of which the largest lower bound for the Ricci curvature is

$$\begin{aligned} k(x)\simeq K_i-\frac{s_i}{d^2(z_i,x)}. \end{aligned}$$

k

(
x
)

≃

K
i

-

s
i

d
2

(

z
i

,
x
)

.

Thus none of the existing Bakry–Émery inequalities or curvature-dimension conditions apply. In particular, k does not belong to the Kato (or extended Kato) class, and (M, g) is not tamed in the sense of Erbar et al. (J Math Pures Appl 161: 1–69, 2022). Manifolds with such a singular Ricci bound (1) appear quite naturally. The prime examples are

metric cones, for instance,

$$M={{\mathbb {R}}}_+\times _r N$$

M
=

R
+

×
r

N

with any

$$(N,g^N)$$

(
N
,

g
N

)

satisfying

$$\inf _{y\in N}\textrm{Ric}_y^N<(n-2)g^N$$

inf

y
∈
N

Ric
y
N

<

(
n
-
2
)

g
N

, e.g. spheres

$$N={{\mathbb {S}}}^{n-1}_R$$

N
=

S

R

n
-
1

with radius

$$R>1$$

R
>
1

.

For manifolds with such conical singularities we will prove

a version of the Bakry–Émery inequality

a novel Hardy inequality

a spectral gap estimate.

Related examples are provided by

weighted spaces, e.g.

$$M={{\mathbb {R}}}^n$$

M
=

R

n

with

$$g=g^{Euclid}$$

g
=

g

Euclid

and

$$m(dx)=|x|^\alpha d{\mathfrak {L}}^n(x)$$

m

(
d
x
)

=

|
x
|

α

d

L

n

(
x
)

for some

$$\alpha \in {{\mathbb {R}}}$$

α
∈
R

where the largest lower bound for Bakry–Émery Ricci tensor is given by

$$ k(x)=-\frac{|\alpha |}{|x|^2}$$

k

(
x
)

=
-

|
α
|

|
x
|

2

, and

Grushin-type spaces

$$M={{\mathbb {R}}}^j \times _f {{\mathbb {R}}}^{n-j}$$

M
=

R

j

×
f

R

n
-
j

with

$$f(y)=|y|^{-\alpha }$$

f

(
y
)

=

|
y
|

-
α

for suitable

$$\alpha >0$$

α
>
0

, either with Riemannian volume measure or with Lebesgue measure, which admit lower Ricci bounds of the form

$$k(y,z)=-\frac{C}{|y|^2}$$

k

(
y
,
z
)

=
-

C

|
y
|

2

.
Fouling process of hemodiafiltration membranes by hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration therapy
Authors: Tange Yoshihiro , Kawakami Masashi , Takesawa Shingo
Published: February 2025

During hemodialysis, proteins, such as albumin and globulin, are deposited on the dialysis membrane surface, causing fouling that affects solute removal and biocompatibility. This study aimed to measure the filtration coefficient as an index of dialysis membrane conditions in hemodialysis, pre-dilution online hemodiafiltration, and intermittent infusion hemodiafiltration modes using two different hemodiafiltration membranes ex vivo. The filtration coefficients of hemodiafiltration membranes in hemodialysis, pre-dilution online hemodiafiltration, and intermittent infusion hemodiafiltration modes were continuously measured for 123 min using 2 L bovine blood, which was adjusted with 32% hematocrit and 6.5 g/dL of total proteins. Polysulfone and cellulose triacetate were used as test membrane materials, and both membrane structures were asymmetric. The first fouling step was observed 20 s after filtration of both polysulfone and cellulose triacetate membranes in each mode. Thereafter, the filtration coefficient recovered in the pre-dilution online hemodiafiltration mode. However, it plateaued in the cellulose triacetate membrane and decreased in the polysulfone membrane. A flushing effect of the intermittent infusion hemodiafiltration mode was observed in both the cellulose triacetate and polysulfone membranes. The differences in fouling steps in each of the three modes—hemodialysis, pre-dilution online hemodiafiltration, and intermittent infusion hemodiafiltration—can be identified by continuously measuring filtration coefficient values.
Astrocytomas IDH-mutant of posterior cranial fossa, clinical presentation, imaging features and onco-functional balance in surgical management
Authors: De Simone Matteo , Choucha Anis , Ranalli Carlotta , Pecoraro Giuseppina , Appay Romain , Chinot Oliver L. , Dufour Henry , Iaconetta Giorgio
Published: February 2025

IDH-mutant astrocytomas (AIDHmut) in the posterior cranial fossa (PCF) are rare and present substantial diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to their location. We analyzed patients with PCF AIDHmut from our institutions, treated between December 2021 and September 2024. Additionally, we conducted a systematic literature review (from January 2021 to September 2024) using PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Ovid EMBASE to identify cases of PCF AIDHmut. We identified a total of 19 cases, including one institutional case. Most patients were young adults, with a male predominance (15 males, 4 females). Tumors primarily originated from the brainstem (94.7%), with only one case involving the cerebellum. Clinical presentations frequently included cranial nerve deficits, with diplopia being the most common symptom (47.4%). Adjuvant radiotherapy (IMRT, DT 54 Gy/27 fractions, 78.9%) and chemotherapy (temozolomide, 68.4%) formed the mainstays of treatment. Tumor grading revealed 63.2% (12/19) were WHO grade 2, 21% (4/19) were WHO grade 3, and 15.8% (3/19) were grade 4. The mean follow-up period was 45 months. PCF AIDHmut are rare but pose significant treatment challenges due to their location and infiltrative nature. Multimodal treatment—comprising surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy—is essential for achieving long-term disease control. Subtotal resection followed by adjuvant therapies provides a favorable balance between tumor control and functional preservation.
Fair credit? The impact of shared first authorship on academic career evaluation
Authors: Decius Julian , Schilbach Miriam
Published: February 2025

Shared first authorship (Shau) has become common practice across research disciplines. However, it remains unclear whether Shau affects attributed academic career success. We investigate the relevance of author order with a specific focus on Shau in the context of an academic selection process. Specifically, we conducted an experimental vignette study among one hundred seventy-seven academics and invited participants to evaluate the CV of a fictitious applicant. We manipulated the peer-reviewed publication section of the CV where the applicant was either the sole first author, second author, had Shau and was listed first, or had Shau and was listed second. Using seven criteria of academic career evaluation (e.g., attributed competence), results of MANOVA showed that first and Shau authors were similarly evaluated. Contrary to concerns that Shau could dilute the credit attributed to the first-named author, our findings indicate that both the first and second named Shau authors receive full credit without disadvantaging each other’s attribution of success. Overall, we found no negative but even positive effects of Shau on attributed career success. We further discuss the practice and (mis)use of Shau itself as well as the need to evaluate applicants for academic positions holistically, going beyond the number of (shared) first authorships.
Ensembling approaches to citation function classification and important citation screening
Authors: Jiang Xiaorui
Published: February 2025

Compared to feature engineering, deep learning approaches for citation context analysis have yet fully leveraged the myriad of design options for modeling in-text citation, citation sentence, and citation context. In fact, no single modeling option universally excels on all citation function classes or annotation schemes, which implies the untapped potential for synergizing diverse modeling approaches to further elevate the performance of citation context analysis. Motivated by this insight, the current paper undertook a systematic exploration of ensemble methods for citation context analysis. To achieve a better diverse set of base classifiers, I delved into three sources of classifier diversity, incorporated five diversity measures, and introduced two novel diversity re-ranking methods. Then, I conducted a comprehensive examination of both voting and stacking approaches for constructing classifier ensembles. I also proposed a novel weighting method that considers each individual classifier’s performance, resulting in superior voting outcomes. While being simple, voting approaches faced significant challenges in determining the optimal number of base classifiers for combination. Several strategies have been proposed to address this limitation, including meta-classification on base classifiers and utilising deeper ensemble architectures. The latter involved hierarchical voting on a filtered set of meta-classifiers and stacked meta-classification. All proposed methods demonstrate state-of-the-art results on, with the best performances achieving more than 5 and 4% improvements on the 11-class and 6-class schemes of citation function classification and by 3% on important citation screening. The promising empirical results validated the potential of the proposed ensembling approaches for citation context analysis.
Estimation of pulse wave analysis indices from invasive arterial blood pressure only for a clinical assessment of wave reflection in a 5-day septic animal experiment
Authors: Guberti Diletta , Ferrario Manuela , Carrara Marta
Published: February 2025

Wave separation analysis (WSA) is the gold standard to analyze the arterial blood pressure (ABP) waveform, decomposing it into a forward and a reflected wave. It requires ABP and arterial blood flow (ABF) measurement, and ABF is often unavailable in clinical settings. Therefore, methods to estimate ABF from ABP have been proposed, but they are not investigated in critical conditions. In this work, an autoregressive with exogenous input model was proposed as an original method to estimate ABF from the measured ABP. Its performance in assessing WSA indices to characterize the arterial tree was evaluated in critical conditions, i.e., during sepsis. The triangular and the personalized flow approximation and the multi-Gaussian ABP decomposition were compared to the proposed model. The results highlighted how the black-box modeling approach is superior to other flow estimation models when computing WSA indices in septic condition. This approach holds promise for overcoming challenges in clinical settings where ABF data are unavailable.

Graphical abstract
Gender, emotion regulation, and cognitive flexibility as predictors of depression, anxiety, and affect in healthy adults
Authors: García-Fernández Marta , Fuentes-Sánchez Nieves , Escrig Miguel A. , Eerola Tuomas , Pastor M. Carmen
Published: February 2025

Anxiety and depressive disorders are among the most prevalent mental health conditions. Consequently, identifying the factors that contribute to their development and maintenance has been a longstanding focus of interest within the scientific community. Gender differences, cognitive flexibility, and emotion regulation strategies have all been considered influential in the development of these disorders, but few works have analyzed these variables simultaneously. Our study aimed to investigate the influence of gender, cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation strategies on anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as on positive and negative affect. Results showed that both men and women exhibited similar levels of depression and affect. However, men tended to suppress their emotions more and were more likely to place blame on themselves and others, whereas women showed a greater tendency to ruminate and reported higher perceptions of alternatives. Additionally, women exhibited higher levels of anxiety. When multiple regression analyses were performed, only emotion regulation strategies and cognitive flexibility emerged as predictors of depression, anxiety and affect. These findings suggest that gender differences in these variables may stem not only from the selection of emotion regulation strategies but also from how men and women perceive situations through cognitive flexibility. This raises the question of whether gender differences in emotional processing are primarily related to the selection of emotion regulation strategies.
Integration of convolutional neural networks with parcel-based image analysis for crop type mapping from time-series images
Authors: Altun Muslum , Turker Mustafa
Published: February 2025

Timely and accurate crop mapping is crucial for yield prediction, food security assessment and agricultural management. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have become powerful state-of-the-art methods in many fields, including crop type detection from satellite imagery. However, existing CNNs generally have large number of layers and filters that increase the computational cost and the number of parameters to be learned, which may not be convenient for the processing of time-series images. To that end, we propose a light CNN model in combination with parcel-based image analysis for crop classification from time-series images. The model was applied on two areas (Manisa and Kırklareli) in Türkiye using Sentinel-2 data. Classification results based on all bands of the time-series data had overall accuracies (OA) of 89.3% and 88.3%, respectively for Manisa and Kırklareli. The results based on the optimal bands selected through the Support Vector Machine–Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) method had OA of 86.6% and 86.5%, respectively. The proposed model outperformed the VGG-16, ResNet-50, and U-Net models used for comparison. For Manisa and Kırklareli respectively, VGG-16 achieved OA of 86.0% and 86.5%, ResNet-50 achieved OA of 84.1% and 84.8%, and U-Net achieved OA of 82.2% and 81.9% based on all bands. Based on the optimal bands, VGG-16 achieved OA of 84.2% and 84.7%, ResNet-50 achieved OA of 82.4% and 83.1%, and U-Net achieved OA of 80.5% and 80.2%. The results suggest that the proposed model is promising for accurate and cost-effective crop classification from Sentinel-2 time-series imagery.
Comparative analysis of groundwater potential assessment in Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Babu Prabu , Maury Saurabh Chandra
Published: February 2025

Population growth has significantly affected groundwater resources globally. Groundwater is essential for agriculture and human consumption. Considering these issues, we focused on the Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu, India. In the study area, 70

$$\%$$

%

of the population depend on agriculture, necessitating assessing groundwater potential zone. Thematic layers such as geology, geomorphology, drainage density, lineament density, slope, soil, land use and land cover, recharge, distance from river, elevation, topographic wetness index and normalized difference vegetation index have been created using ArcGIS. The study aims to assess groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) using enhanced trapezoidal fuzzy number in analytical hierarchy process (ETFAHP) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methods with help of ArcGIS. Thematic layer(parameters) weights are calculated using AHP and ETFAHP methods. Notably, previous studies have not used trapezoidal fuzzy numbers in GWPZ. A trapezoidal fuzzy number in AHP method is used to assess GWPZ. The groundwater potential zone is classified as very poor, poor, moderate, fair and very good. The AHP and ETFAHP on groundwater potential index (GWPI) are validated with depth to water level. In this study, AHP on GWPZ showed very poor (15.00%), poor (27.85%), moderate (26.54%), fair (19.80%) and very good (10.81%). Similarly, ETFAHP on GWPZ showed very poor (17.63%), poor (27.58%), moderate (22.77%), fair (21.48%) and very good (10.54%). The area under the curve (AUC) values for AHP and ETFAHP on groundwater potential zones are 0.88 and 0.91, respectively. The AUC value of 0.91 indicates best prediction accuracy in the study area.
Hand hygiene opportunities in neonatal intensive care: a multicenter observational study to calibrate group electronic monitoring systems
Authors: Lee Eugene , Clark Stacey , Reason Paige , Khan Sarah , Fan Sabrina , Li Michelle , Cen Alex , Rolnitsky Asaph , Kiss Alexander , Mertz Dominik , Leis Jerome A.
Published: February 2025

Observers were randomized to time and location across two different Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) to count hand hygiene opportunities (HHOs). Mean hourly HHO was lower at night and during use of precautions, and higher in shared rooms. HHO benchmarks can support implementation of group electronic monitoring systems in NICUs.
Synthetic gene circuits in plants: recent advances and challenges
Authors: Khan Adil , Lister Ryan
Published: February 2025

Plant synthetic biology is a rapidly advancing multidisciplinary research area that applies engineering principles to design, construct, and implement new plant capabilities at the molecular, cellular, and whole organism scales. Synthetic gene circuits are important tools for enabling increased customizability in the control of gene expression in plants, with widespread applications spanning new approaches for basic biology to introduction of new traits for advancing agriculture. In this review, we first aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of synthetic circuits. Next, we discuss recent progress in the construction of advanced synthetic gene circuits in plants for programmable control of gene expression. Finally, we discuss the current challenges associated with developing and applying effective circuits while also highlighting future prospects and research directions, including quantitative measurement, high-throughput testing, and circuit modelling.
NOTE ON A DYNAMICAL GENERALISATION OF THE PRIME NUMBER THEOREM FOR ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
Authors: WANG BIAO
Published: February 2025

Bergelson and Richter [‘Dynamical generalizations of the prime number theorem and disjointness of additive and multiplicative semigroup actions’, Duke Math. J.171(15) (2022), 3133–3200] established a new dynamical generalisation of the prime number theorem (PNT) and the PNT for arithmetic progressions. Let

$h\ge 1, k\ge 2$

. Mirsky [‘Note on an asymptotic formula connected with r-free integers’, Quart. J. Math. Oxford Ser.18 (1947), 178–182] showed that the numbers n such that

$n+l_1,\ldots , n+l_h$

are k-free have a natural density for any given nonnegative integers

$l_1,\ldots , l_h$

. In this note, we show that the Bergelson–Richter theorem holds for the numbers studied by Mirsky.
Study of two coupled three-wave interactions with a quadratic non-linearly in the presence of dissipation and frequency mismatch
Authors: BASU (née De) SHUKLA
Published: February 2025

The non-linear dynamic behaviour of two three-wave systems in plasma with two waves in common has been studied, including the possibility of negative energy waves and also the effect of linear damping or growth and frequency mismatch. Depending on the various initial conditions solutions of different types have been discussed. It has also been shown that one of the triplets can be stabilized by the other one against explosive instability depending on the relative strength of the coupling factor.
San Martín Peras Mixtec
Authors: Eischens Ben , Hedding Andrew A.
Published: February 2025

San Martín Peras Mixtec (autonym: Tu’un Nta’vi or Tu’un Savi) is an Otomanguean language spoken by roughly 11,500 people in the municipality of San Martín Peras, in Oaxaca, Mexico (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, 2020), as shown in Figure 1. The municipality is in the district of Juxtlahuaca, bordering the state of Guerrero. As of 2020, approximately 97% of the population of the municipality over three years old is a speaker of an Indigenous language. Of those that speak an Indigenous language, approximately 60% also speak Spanish, meaning that around 37% of the total population is monolingual in Mixtec (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, 2020). Despite these figures, it is difficult to estimate the total number of native speakers of the language, as many community members have migrated to other parts of Mexico and the United States, especially to several towns in California (Mendoza, 2020).
Crystal structure of etrasimod, C26H26F3NO3
Authors: Kaduk James A. , Dosen Anja , Blanton Thomas N.
Published: February 2025

The crystal structure of etrasimod has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Etrasimod crystallizes in space group P1 (#1) with a = 10.6131(5), b = 10.7003(5), c = 11.1219(8) Å, α = 72.756(2), β = 76.947(2), γ = 77.340(1)°, V = 1159.28(6) Å3, and Z = 2 at 298 K. The crystal structure contains O▬H⋯O hydrogen-bonded etrasimod dimers, which lie in layers approximately parallel to the (2,0,−1) plane. The amino group of each molecule forms an intramolecular N▬H⋯O hydrogen bond to the carbonyl group of the adjacent carboxylic acid group. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).
Crystal structure of diroximel fumarate, C11H13NO6
Authors: Kaduk James A. , Dosen Anja , Blanton Thomas N.
Published: February 2025

The crystal structure of diroximel fumarate has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Diroximel fumarate crystallizes in space group P-1 (#2) with a = 6.12496(15), b = 8.16516(18), c = 12.7375(6) Å, α = 85.8174(21), β = 81.1434(12), γ = 71.1303(3)°, V = 595.414(23) Å3, and Z = 2 at 298 K. The crystal structure consists of interleaved double layers of hook-shaped molecules parallel to the ab-plane. The side chains form the inner portion of the layers, and the rings comprise the outer surfaces. There are no classical hydrogen bonds in the structure, but 9 C▬H⋯O hydrogen bonds contribute to the crystal energy. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).
ChatGPT as an inventor: eliciting the strengths and weaknesses of current large language models against humans in engineering design
Authors: Ege Daniel N. , Øvrebø Henrik H. , Stubberud Vegar , Berg Martin F. , Elverum Christer , Steinert Martin , Vestad Håvard
Published: February 2025

This study compares the design practices and performance of ChatGPT 4.0, a large language model (LLM), against graduate engineering students in a 48-h prototyping hackathon, based on a dataset comprising more than 100 prototypes. The LLM participated by instructing two participants who executed its instructions and provided objective feedback, generated ideas autonomously and made all design decisions without human intervention. The LLM exhibited similar prototyping practices to human participants and finished second among six teams, successfully designing and providing building instructions for functional prototypes. The LLM’s concept generation capabilities were particularly strong. However, the LLM prematurely abandoned promising concepts when facing minor difficulties, added unnecessary complexity to designs, and experienced design fixation. Communication between the LLM and participants was challenging due to vague or unclear descriptions, and the LLM had difficulty maintaining continuity and relevance in answers. Based on these findings, six recommendations for implementing an LLM like ChatGPT in the design process are proposed, including leveraging it for ideation, ensuring human oversight for key decisions, implementing iterative feedback loops, prompting it to consider alternatives, and assigning specific and manageable tasks at a subsystem level.
Illicit trafficking in cultural property as a human rights issue: Sovereignty over cultural resources and the right to self-determination. Case study of Iraq
Authors: Koush Alesia
Published: February 2025

Adopting a human rights-based approach, this paper scrutinizes the treatment of illicit trafficking in cultural property as a human rights issue. The study focuses on the Iraqi contribution to the international agenda, revealing that Iraq co-sponsored at least 13 UN resolutions on the restitution of illegally expropriated cultural property, actively contributing to the negotiation of others, along with submitting its legal opinions on the drafts of relevant international documents, starting from as early as 1936 to culminate with the calls to stop cultural plunder feeding Western markets since the 1990s. Centering the Iraqi voices and adopting a critical decolonial rights-based perspective, the study showcases how illicit trade in cultural property clearly emerges as a violation of a state’s permanent sovereignty over its wealth and resources, negatively impacting its ability to guarantee the right to pursue economic, social, and cultural development for its people, as well as to freely dispose of their resources, the key components of the right to self-determination.
Mini-invasive surgical approach for hybrid pulmonary valve implantation: an option for very high-risk patients
Authors: Castaldi Biagio , Tarzia Vincenzo , Tarantini Giuseppe , Sirico Domenico , Mancuso Daniela , Pradegan Nicola , Di Salvo Giovanni , Gerosa Gino
Published: February 2025

Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement is the first choice to treat residual or recurrent right ventricular outflow tract dysfunction. Surgery is an effective option when anatomy is not permissive for transcatheter procedures. When surgical risk is too high, hybrid procedures might be considered.

In this paper, we describe the first use of Harmony valve in Europe in a 59 years old patient with a huge right ventricular outflow tract. The procedure was performed by a hybrid approach: before valve deployment, through an anterior mini-thoracotomy, the pulmonary artery was plicated to create a landing zone. The valve was deployed by trans-femoral venous approach. It was secured by putting a suture on the distal stent raw under fluoroscopic guidance. The procedure was uneventful and patient’s New York Heart Association class rapidly improved from III–IV to II.

In conclusion, hybrid strategies might represent an acceptable option for huge right ventricular outflow tract, to be less invasive and to minimise device embolisation risks. When a good match between patient’s anatomy and device can be achieved, a mini-invasive or micro-invasive surgical approach might be considered to minimise bleeding risks and shorten the hospital’s length of stay.
Arterial thromboembolism, antithrombotic therapy, and risk of recurrent thromboembolism in children with CHD undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Kiskaddon Amy L. , Do Nhue L. , Amankwah Ernest K. , Witt Daniel M. , Ignjatovic Vera , Giglia Therese M. , Woods Gary M. , Whitworth Hilary B. , Stock Arabela C. , Goldenberg Neil A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Data on arterial thromboembolism in children undergoing cardiac surgery are limited. We sought to characterise, and estimate rates of, incident and recurrent arterial thromboembolism, and describe antithrombotic therapies for treatment in a large multinational population of children with CHD undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods:

We queried the TriNetX global electronic health record (derived real-world data research platform) from 2017 to 2024 for patients less than 18 years of age and an index arterial thromboembolism within 1 year of congenital cardiac surgery. Data were descriptively analysed.

Results:

Of 20,102 children who underwent an index cardiac surgery for CHD, 206 (1.1%) developed an index arterial thromboembolism within 1 year of surgery: 111 (53.9%) had only arterial thromboembolism and 95 (46.1%) had concomitant venous thromboembolism. The most common anatomic site for arterial thromboembolism was the lower extremity (n = 141, 68.4%), and the most common surgery was the Glenn procedure (n = 35, 17%). Unfractionated heparin was utilised in 136 (67 %) and aspirin in 91 (44.2%) patients. Recurrent thromboembolism occurred in 36 (17.5%) patients within 1 year of the index thromboembolism.

Conclusions:

Among children undergoing congenital cardiac surgery, arterial thromboembolism was rare (1% of patients), but the 1-year risk of recurrent thromboembolism was high, at 17.5%. Multicentre prospective cohort studies are warranted to further evaluate risk factors for recurrent thromboembolism, to facilitate future risk-stratified interventional trials designed to reduce the high thromboembolism recurrence risk in these children.
A Kantian Account of Moral Trust
Authors: Israel Eli Benjamin
Published: February 2025

In this article, I propose a Kantian framework for moral trust – trust in another person to only act with us in morally permissible ways. First, I derive an understanding of trustworthiness from Kant’s second formulation of the Categorical Imperative. I argue that trustworthiness embodies a moral imperative, guiding us to act in ways that are reliable and recognizable as conducive to engaging in trusting relations. However, this alone is not enough, as it does not provide a means to assess whether someone is truly committed to the moral law and thus morally trustworthy. Therefore, in the second part, I explore a basis for assessing their moral conduct found in a local version of the Kingdom of Ends: given an ideal or archetype of a morally perfect interpersonal relationship, an archetype of the morally trustworthy agent allows us to comparatively assess the moral disposition of fellow agents.
Differential associations between birthweight and cardiometabolic characteristics among persons with and without type 2 diabetes in the UK Biobank
Authors: Hansen Aleksander L. , Lee Christina Ji-Young , Björgvinsdóttir Aldis H. , Ahluwalia Tarunveer S. , Brøns Charlotte , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Vaag Allan
Published: February 2025

Low birthweight is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. We hypothesised that differential associations between birthweight and clinical characteristics in persons with and without type 2 diabetes may provide novel insights into the role of birthweight in type 2 diabetes and its progression. We analysed UK Biobank data from 9,442 persons with and 254,446 without type 2 diabetes. Associations between birthweight, clinical traits, and genetic predisposition were assessed using adjusted linear and logistic regression, comparing the lowest and highest 25% of birthweight to the middle 50%. Each kg increase in birthweight was associated with higher BMI, waist, and hip circumference, with stronger effects in persons with versus without type 2 diabetes (BMI: 0.74 [0.58, 0.90] vs. 0.21 [0.18, 0.24] kg/m2; waist: 2.15 [1.78, 2.52] vs. 1.04 [0.98, 1.09] cm; hip: 1.65 [1.33, 1.97] vs. 1.04 [1.04, 1.09] cm). Family history of diabetes was associated with higher birthweight regardless of diabetes status, albeit with a twofold higher effect estimate in type 2 diabetes. Low birthweight was further associated with prior myocardial infarction regardless of type 2 diabetes status (OR 1.33 [95% CI 1.11, 1.60] for type 2 diabetes; 1.23 [95% CI 1.13, 1.33] without), and hypertension (OR 1.25 [1.23, 1.28] and stroke 1.24 [1.14, 1.34]) only among persons without type 2 diabetes. Differential associations between birthweight and cardiometabolic traits in persons with and without type 2 diabetes illuminate potential causal inferences reflecting the roles of pre- and postnatal environmental versus genetic aetiologies and disease mechanisms.
S100A2 promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma tumor metastasis through regulating GLUT2 expression
Authors: Deng Mengli , Liao Shaoxia , Deng Jingwen , Li Chen , Liu Lu , Han Qizheng , Huo Yifeng , Zhou Xiao , Teng Xiaodong , Lai Maode , Zhang Honghe , Lai Chong
Published: February 2025

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the predominant subtype of renal cancer and is highly malignant. Despite advances in diagnostics and treatment, the prognosis for ccRCC remains poor. The dual nature (promotion or inhibition) of S100A2 in different cancer types shows the complex involvement of its tumorigenesis, but its effect in ccRCC remains unclear. In this study, we first elucidate the tumor-promoting function of S100A2 in ccRCC by reprogramming glycolysis. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that S100A2 accelerates cancer progression through its interaction with the transcription factor HNF1A, leading to activating GLUT2 transcription. The upregulation of GLUT2 significantly enhances glucose uptake by cancer cells, thereby fueling augmented glucose metabolism and fostering the malignant progression of ccRCC. Collectively, our findings highlight the pivotal role of the S100A2-HNF1A-GLUT2 axis in promoting migration and invasion of ccRCC by amplifying glycolysis and suggest that targeting the S100A2-HNF1A-GLUT2 axis is clinically relevant for the treatment of metastatic ccRCC.
TCR catch bonds nonlinearly control CD8 cooperation to shape T cell specificity
Authors: Qin Rui , Zhang Yong , Shi Jiawei , Wu Peng , An Chenyi , Li Zhenhai , Liu Nuo , Wan Ziyan , Hua Ting , Li Xiaolong , Lou Jizhong , Yin Weiwei , Chen Wei
Published: February 2025

Naturally evolved T-cell receptors (TCRs) exhibit remarkably high specificity in discriminating non-self antigens from self-antigens under dynamic biomechanical modulation. In contrast, engineered high-affinity TCRs often lose this specificity, leading to cross-reactivity with self-antigens and off-target toxicity. The underlying mechanism for this difference remains unclear. Our study reveals that natural TCRs exploit mechanical force to form optimal catch bonds with their cognate antigens. This process relies on a mechanically flexible TCR–pMHC binding interface, which enables force-enhanced CD8 coreceptor binding to MHC-α1α2 domains through sequential conformational changes induced by force in both the MHC and CD8. Conversely, engineered high-affinity TCRs create rigid, tightly bound interfaces with cognate pMHCs of their parental TCRs. This rigidity prevents the force-induced conformational changes necessary for optimal catch-bond formation. Paradoxically, these high-affinity TCRs can form moderate catch bonds with non-stimulatory pMHCs of their parental TCRs, leading to off-target cross-reactivity and reduced specificity. We have also developed comprehensive force-dependent TCR–pMHC kinetics-function maps capable of distinguishing functional and non-functional TCR–pMHC pairs and identifying toxic, cross-reactive TCRs. These findings elucidate the mechano-chemical basis of the specificity of natural TCRs and highlight the critical role of CD8 in targeting cognate antigens. This work provides valuable insights for engineering TCRs with enhanced specificity and potency against non-self antigens, particularly for applications in cancer immunotherapy and infectious disease treatment, while minimizing the risk of self-antigen cross-reactivity.
Integrating fragment-based screening with targeted protein degradation and genetic rescue to explore eIF4E function
Authors: Sharp Swee Y. , Martella Marianna , D’Agostino Sabrina , Milton Christopher I. , Ward George , Woodhead Andrew J. , Richardson Caroline J. , Carr Maria G. , Chiarparin Elisabetta , Cons Benjamin D. , Coyle Joseph , East Charlotte E. , Hiscock Steven D. , Martinez-Fleites Carlos , Mortenson Paul N. , Palmer Nick , Pathuri Puja , Powers Marissa V. , Saalau Susanne M. , St. Denis Jeffrey D. , Swabey Kate , Vinković Mladen , Walton Hugh , Williams Glyn , Clarke Paul A.
Published: February 2025

Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) serves as a regulatory hub for oncogene-driven protein synthesis and is considered a promising anticancer target. Here we screen a fragment library against eIF4E and identify a ligand-binding site with previously unknown function. Follow-up structure-based design yields a low nM tool compound (4, Kd = 0.09 µM; LE 0.38), which disrupts the eIF4E:eIF4G interaction, inhibits translation in cell lysates, and demonstrates target engagement with eIF4E in intact cells (EC50 = 2 µM). By coupling targeted protein degradation with genetic rescue using eIF4E mutants, we show that disruption of both the canonical eIF4G and non-canonical binding sites is likely required to drive a strong cellular effect. This work highlights the power of fragment-based drug discovery to identify pockets in difficult-to-drug proteins and how this approach can be combined with genetic characterization and degrader technology to probe protein function in complex biological systems.
Development of a novel postoperative adhesion induction model in cynomolgus monkeys with high reliability and reproducibility
Authors: Nakagawa Kenji , Yamazaki Masaki , Tanimura Hiromi , Sakaguchi Narumi , Kohara Miho , Sato Izumi , Azuma Masahiro , Nishimoto-Kakiuchi Ayako , Kato Atsuhiko , Kitazawa Takehisa , Konno Ryo , Sankai Tadashi
Published: February 2025

Postoperative adhesions frequently occur following abdominal surgical interventions, leading to serious morbidities and requiring new therapeutic strategies. The development of new therapeutic agents to reduce postoperative adhesions needs animal models that closely mirror human pathophysiology. In this study, we established a novel surgical adhesion model in cynomolgus monkeys, which are characteristically similar to humans. Our model reliably and reproducibly developed adhesions. Histopathological analyses revealed that monkeys undergoing our novel surgery method exhibited changes consistent with those in monkeys that underwent open abdominal surgery. Furthermore, the cellular components of the adhesion tissue in our monkey model reflected those reported in human adhesion tissue. Furthermore, time-course transcriptomic analyses showed that our model accurately recapitulates the well-known progression cascade of postoperative adhesions. In addition, it identified the upregulation of gene that is absent in rodents. We expect our novel surgical method to be a promising tool for elucidating the detailed biology of postoperative adhesions and for assessing new therapeutic treatments with high translatability to human biology.
Measurement of fluid viscosity based on pressure-driven flow digital-printed microfluidics
Authors: Ge Yan , Huang Xingxing , Zhang Baojian , Song Zhixiong , Tang Xusheng , Shao Shuai , Guo Lujiale , Liang Peng , Li Bei
Published: February 2025

Low-cost and accurate measurement of fluid viscosity based on a pressure-driven flow in digital-printed microfluidics.
A supramolecular polypseudorotaxane material based on novel pillar[5]arene for ultrasensitive Fe3+ reaction
Authors: Zhu Wen-Bo , Zhang Xiao-Wei , Li Zhi-Jun , Liu Li-Yuan , Zhang Yu-Quan , Zhang Liang , Wen Hui
Published: February 2025

In this study, a novel linear supramolecular polypseudorotaxane was synthesized using pillar[5]arene derivative (CP5) as the host and bis-bromohexyl pillar[5]arene (DP5) as the guest, facilitated by host-guest interactions. Subsequently, these...
Tailoring OER/ORR Activity in TM1N4 Catalysts through First-/Second-Shell Nitrogen Doping: A Density Functional Theory Investigation
Authors: Cai Qingqing , Wuxia Wenmei , Li Huanhuan , Li Can , Gong Yinyan , Niu Leng Yuan , Wang Tao
Published: February 2025

Proposing an effective modification strategy to optimize catalyst reaction potentials is crucial for enhancing catalytic performance. In this study, we employed a combined approach by adjusting nitrogen dopants in the...
On pH controlling of the reaction mechanism: Interactions of Au(I)-NHC Complex with Thioredoxin Reductase (modeled by Cysteine and Selenocysteine); ab initio and DFT calculations.
Authors: Šebesta Filip , Nguyen Man Thi Hong , Munzarova Marketa , Burda Jaroslav V.
Published: February 2025

Interactions of Cys and Sec amino acids with a simple model of Au(I)-NHC complex are explored using DFT functionals and post-HF methods. Besides the conventional quantum chemical description with NVT...
Water-soluble luminescent platinum(II) complexes for guanine quadruplex binding
Authors: Kroos Simon , Hebenbrock Marian , Hepp Alexander , Layh Marcus , Lüke Joschua , Tonkul Ali Riza , Strassert Cristian A. , Müller Jens
Published: February 2025

A family of 16 platinum(II) complexes was synthesized with the aim of obtaining water-soluble luminescent complexes for guanine quadruplex (G4) binding. The complexes share a common tridentate N^N^C-donor ligand (based...
Rapid laser ablation-based fabrication of high-density polymer microwell arrays for high-throughput cellular studies
Authors: Dixit Desh Deepak , Singampalli Kavya L. , Niyogi Amit S. , Montoya Amanda , Reuben Alexandre , Lillehoj Peter B.
Published: February 2025

Polymer-based microwell platforms have garnered much interest due to their usefulness in culturing and analyzing small quantities of biological cells and spheroids. Existing methods for fabricating polymer microwell arrays involve...
Facile integration of single crystalline phthalocyanine nanowires and nanotrees as photoenhanced conductometric sensors
Authors: Filippin Alejandro Nicolas , Campos Ángel , Delgado-Alvarez Juan , Moreno-Martinez Gloria , Castillo-Seoane Javier , Rico Victor Joaquin , Godinho V. , Barranco Angel , Sanchez-Valencia Juan Ramon Ramon , Borras Ana
Published: February 2025

This article presents a reproducible and affordable methodology for fabricating organic nanowires (ONWs) and nanotrees (ONTs) light-enhanced conductometric O2 sensors. The protocol is based on a solventless procedure for the...
Designing multiple charge carrier separation pathways in core-type near infrared colloidal nanocrystal for broadband photodetector
Authors: Kim Hyunjung , Jeong Yoonji , Jung Wan-Gil , Kim Minju , Yang Jiyoon , Kim Minseo , Han Yeonsu , Ko Hyun , Hwang Sung Won , Kim Myeong Jin , Lee Jong Woo , Moon Won-Jin , Lee Hanleem
Published: February 2025

The new matrix-type ligand system enhances charge carrier transport between particles and passivates defects on particle surfaces by establishing a band-like state.
Benzothiadiazole-based Donor-Acceptor Covalent Organic Framework for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Nagar Amit , Singh Gulshan , Alam Akhtar , Pachfule Pradip , Nagaraja C. M.
Published: February 2025

Visible light-driven water splitting to produce hydrogen (H 2 ) is a promising strategy for harnessing renewable solar energy for the sustainable production of green fuel. The design of materials...
Going beyond the routine consideration of solvent effects on 31P NMR shielding constants: a meticulous basis set study and new aug-pecS-n (n = 1, 2) basis sets for phosphorus atom
Authors: Rusakov Yuriy Yu. , Nikurashina Yuliya A. , Rusakova Irina L
Published: February 2025

In this paper, it was demonstrated that the accuracy of calculated solvent corrections to 31P NMR shielding constants of various phosphorus-containing molecules significantly depends on the basis set used. Highly...
Deactivation Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies for Nickel-Based Acetylene Semi-Hydrogenation Catalysts
Authors: Miao Yi , Zheng Shuzhe , Qi Jiaqi , Xiao Mingyi , Tan Mingwu , Hu Zhong-Ting , Li Xiaonian , Tian Jinshu , Zhu Yihan
Published: February 2025

Acetylene semi-hydrogenation is a crucial reaction in the ethylene purification industry, and nickel-based catalysts are widely studied due to their low cost and excellent hydrogenation activity. However, the catalytic stability...
Heterogenous HER activity of Ni(ii)N2S2 molecular catalysts
Authors: Paudel Mohan , Karki Sanjit , Acharya Narayan , Chapagain Sashil , Hemmer Johann V. , Hofsommer Dillon T. , Gupta Gautam , Buchanan Robert M. , Grapperhaus Craig A.
Published: February 2025

Structure-activity relationship of surface immobilized electrocatalysts shows overpotential dependence on ligand basicity and steric accessibility.
Two-Dimensional Conjugated Metal–Organic Frameworks for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Li Xiao , Su Xi , Tan Su , Chen Long , Su Zhong-Min
Published: February 2025

Effective electrocatalysts and electrodes are the core components of energy conversion and storage systems for sustainable carbon and nitrogen cycles to achieve a carbon-neutral economy. Two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic frameworks (2D...
Ultra-high molecular weight polymer synthesis via aqueous dispersion polymerization
Authors: Eades Cabell B. , Stevens Kaden C. , Cabrera Danyella E. , Vereb Micayla K. , Lott Megan E. , Bowman Jared I. , Sumerlin Brent S.
Published: February 2025

Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is leveraged for the synthesis of ultra-high molecular weight polymers in concentrated but free-flowing dispersions.
Superior Proton Conductivity and Selectivity in Sulfonated Ionomer Biocomposites Containing Renewably Processed and Fractionated Lignin
Authors: Wang Xueting , Silva Mayura S. , Clarke Colleen , Lynn Bronson , Robertson Mark , Leopold Aidan J. , Agede Oreoluwa , He Lilin , Creager Stephen , Roberts Mark E , Thies Mark C. , Davis Eric M.
Published: February 2025

Herein, we have synthesized high-performance, low-cost ionomer biocomposites comprised of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and softwood Kraft lignin. Specifically, SPEEK ionomer composites containing renewably processed and fractionated low and...
Interferon-induced ADP-ribosylation: technical developments driving ICAB discovery
Authors: Chaves Ribeiro Victoria , Russo Lilian Cristina , González Duré Dulce María , Hoch Nicolas Carlos
Published: February 2025

Cells respond to a variety of internal and external stimuli by regulating the activities of different signalling cascades and cellular processes, often via chemical modifications of biological macromolecules that modulate their overall levels, biochemical activities or biophysical interactions. One such modification, termed ADP-ribosylation (ADPr), is emerging as an important player in the interferon (IFN) response, but the molecular targets and functions of ADP-ribosyltransferases within this core component of innate immunity are still unclear. We and others have recently identified that stimulation of IFN signalling cascades promotes the formation of a novel cytosolic structure in human cells that is enriched in ADP-ribosyl modifications. Here, we propose to name these structures “Interferon-induced cytosolic ADPr bodies” (ICABs) and discuss their known components and potential functions. We also review methods to detect ICABs (and cellular ADP-ribosylation in general) using a range of recently developed reagents. This lays the foundation for future studies aimed at elucidating the molecular functions of ICABs and ADP-ribosylation in innate immune responses, which is a central unanswered question in the field.