bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Secondary Sphere Hydrogen Bonding in Monocopper Complexes of Potentially Dinucleating Bis(carboxamide) Ligands
Authors: Neisen Benjamin D. , Solntsev Pavlo V. , Halvagar Mohammad R. , Tolman William B.
Published: November 2015

Reaction of a macrocyclic ligand precursor comprising two bis(carboxamido)pyridine units (H4L4) connected by ethylene linkers with NMe4OH and CuX2 (X = Cl, OAc, or OTf) yielded monocopper complexes [NMe4][(H2L4)Cu(X)] [X = Cl (3), OAc (4), or OH (5)], in contrast to the results of previous work on a related ligand with ortho‐phenylene linkers wherein dicopper compounds were isolated. X‐ray structures of the complexes revealed hydrogen bonding from the free carboxamide N–H groups in the doubly protonated form of the ligand (H2L42–) to the monodentate fourth ligand coordinated to the CuII ion. Similar secondary sphere hydrogen bonding interactions were identified in multinuclear compounds [NMe4]2[{(H2L4)Cu}n(CO3)] (n = 2 or 3) that were isolated from exposure of 5 to air. Cyclic voltammetry revealed oxidations of 3 and 5 at potentials about 300 mV higher than those of analogous monocopper complexes of bis(arylcarboxamido)pyridine ligands, which lack the intramolecular hydrogen bonds, consistent with removal of electron density from the metal center by the hydrogen bonding array. Another ligand variant (H4L5) with ortho‐phenylene linkers and only one bis(carboxamido)pyridine moiety yielded monocopper complexes [NMe4][(H2L5)Cu(OAc)]·DMF (8) and [NMe4][(H2L5)CuCl]·CH3CN (9), but the X‐ray structures revealed a different hydrogen bonding arrangement to the solvate molecules. Nonetheless, a high redox potential for 9 was observed, consistent with intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions in solution.
Regioselective Mono‐ and Bis‐Sulfenylation of Active Methylene Compounds
Authors: Devi Namita , Rahaman Rajjakfur , Sarma Kuladip , Barman Pranjit
Published: November 2015

Selective mono‐ and bis‐sulfenylation of active methylene groups with a variety of disulfides at an ambient temperature is reported. Sulfenylation is promoted by iodine as a catalyst and sulfenyl iodides as intermediates, under metal‐free conditions. The method is greener in terms of solvent selection and the use of less hazardous DMSO as an oxidant. The procedure is highly efficient with readily available starting materials, giving good to excellent yields.
The marriage of enrollment management with career counseling
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: November 2015

In the September 21, 2015, issue of The Wall Street Journal, author Jillian Berman surveyed parents and prospective college students on their opinions of college costs, parental contribution and student debt.
Focus on university's strengths to renew vision
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: November 2015

When Alison Galloway, Ph.D., was hired as a faculty member at the University of California, Santa Cruz, in 1990, she was coming home. Although she was born in England, she and her family moved to California when Galloway was a young child. She grew up in Santa Cruz and stayed close through her undergraduate years, graduating from the University of California, Berkeley with her degree in anthropology with an emphasis in archaeology in 1975. Galloway's focus shifted from archaeology to forensic anthropology as she pursued her postgraduate studies, earning first her master's and then her doctorate from the University of Arizona in the subject. “Bones are the persons themselves telling me what their lives were like,” Galloway said.
Outage performance and ergodic capacity of multiuser cognitive MIMO AF relaying systems with MUS/MRT/RAS over Nakagami‐m fading channels
Authors: Jia Xiangdong , Xie Mangang , Yang Longxiang , Zhu Hongbo
Published: November 2015

To improve the performance of cognitive spectrum‐sharing systems and to reduce the implementation complexity of multiple antenna systems, a cognitive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) amplify‐and‐forward relay cooperation (C‐MIMO AF‐RC) multiuser system is considered over Nakagami‐m fading channels by integrating maximum ratio transmission (MRT), multiuser selection (MUS) and receive antenna selection (RAS) techniques. In the C‐MIMO AF‐RC multiuser systems, all secondary users (SUs) are equipped with multiple antennas while the primary users (PUs), single antenna. The interested cognitive systems are investigated under the case where the systems have perfect or imperfect channel state information (CSI) of both the SUs–SUs and SUs–PUs links so that the effect of outdated CSI can be achieved. Specially, we first obtain the exact closed‐form expressions of the cumulative distribution function of end‐to‐end signal‐to‐noise ratio. Secondly, we perform a comprehensive comparison investigation on outage probability and ergodic capacity. Specially, based on moment generating function, the exact closed‐form expression of ergodic capacity is achieved. Finally, to highlight the insight of the effect of key system parameters, the high signal‐to‐noise ratio asymptotic analysis of outage probability is performed as well as diversity and coding gains, by considering the two cases where the systems have perfect or imperfect CSI of both the SUs–SUs and SUs–PUs links. The derivations clearly show that the CSI concerning SUs–PUs links only affects the coding gain, but not the diversity order. However, the CSI concerning the SUs–SUs links plays a key role on the achievable diversity order. In particular, when the CSI of SUs–SUs links is perfect, the C‐MIMO AF‐RC multiuser systems achieve the full diversity including not only MRT diversity but also MUS and RAS diversities. In contrast, when the CSI concerning secondary links is outdated, the MUS and RAS diversities disappear, and the MUS and RAS only improve coding gain. The remaining diversity is achieved through MRT.
The effects of dexamphetamine on the resting‐state electroencephalogram and functional connectivity
Authors: Albrecht Matthew A. , Roberts Gareth , Price Greg , Lee Joseph , Iyyalol Rajan , Martin‐Iverson Mathew T.
Published: November 2015

The catecholamines—dopamine and noradrenaline—play important roles in directing and guiding behavior. Disorders of these systems, particularly within the dopamine system, are associated with several severe and chronically disabling psychiatric and neurological disorders. We used the recently published group independent components analysis (ICA) procedure outlined by Chen et al. (2013) to present the first pharmaco‐EEG ICA analysis of the resting‐state EEG in healthy participants administered 0.45 mg/kg dexamphetamine. Twenty‐eight healthy participants between 18 and 41 were recruited. Bayesian nested‐domain models that explicitly account for spatial and functional relationships were used to contrast placebo and dexamphetamine on component spectral power and several connectivity metrics. Dexamphetamine led to reductions across delta, theta, and alpha spectral power bands that were predominantly localized to Frontal and Central regions. Beta 1 and beta 2 power were reduced by dexamphetamine at Frontal ICs, while beta 2 and gamma power was enhanced by dexamphetamine in posterior regions, including the parietal, occipital‐temporal, and occipital regions. Power–power coupling under dexamphetamine was similar for both states, resembling the eyes open condition under placebo. However, orthogonalized measures of power coupling and phase coupling did not show the same effect of dexamphetamine as power‐power coupling. We discuss the alterations of low‐ and high‐frequency EEG power in response to dexamphetamine within the context of disorders of dopamine regulation, in particular schizophrenia, as well as in the context of a recently hypothesized association between low‐frequency power and aspects of anhedonia. Hum Brain Mapp 37:570–588, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term safety and activity of cladribine in patients with extranodal B‐cell marginal zone lymphoma of the mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma
Authors: Kiesewetter Barbara , Dolak Werner , Simonitsch‐Klupp Ingrid , Mayerhoefer Marius E. , Raderer Markus
Published: November 2015

The purine analogue 2‐chloro‐deoxyadenosine (2‐CDA, cladribine) +/− rituximab has been successfully tested in mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT lymphoma) patients. However, studies using cladribine in other indications have reported the potential for prolonged hematological side effects and secondary hematologic and non‐hematologic malignancies. To date, there have been no data on long‐term effects of cladribine in MALT lymphoma patients. We have analyzed a large number of 49 patients treated with cladribine at our institution 1997–2011. All patients were treated within clinical trials and had undergone a standardized follow‐up protocol minimizing a potential bias in the detection of late sequels and relapses. After a median follow‐up time of 61 months (interquartile range: 43–72) for 49 analyzed patients, 35 (71%) are alive, while 14 (29%) have died. In the entire collective, three cases (6%) of prolonged pancytopenia including manifest myelodysplastic syndrome in one patient (2%), three cases (6%) of secondary lymphoid malignancies, and five cases (10%) of non‐hematologic cancers were documented. In terms of outcome, 42/49 (86%) patients responded to cladribine‐containing treatment, and only 10/42 (24%) responding patients needed further treatment after a median time to progression of 14 months (interquartile range, 8–34). Currently, 25/35 (71%) patients being alive are in ongoing complete remission and 2/35 (6%) in ongoing stable disease, respectively. Eight patients (23%) are free of lymphoma after second‐line therapy, with the median overall survival not having been reached. Our data suggest that cladribine might be safely applied in patients with MALT lymphoma, also in terms of long‐term toxicities. These data also confirm the potential of cladribine to induce durable remissions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EpCAM expression in breast cancer cells is associated with enhanced bone metastasis formation
Authors: Hiraga Toru , Ito Susumu , Nakamura Hiroaki
Published: November 2015

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) has been implicated in multiple cellular functions including cell adhesion. EpCAM has also recently been identified as a marker for cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here, we examined the roles of EpCAM in the development of bone metastasis of breast cancer by using well‐characterized animal models. Morphological and real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction data showed that the EpCAM‐negative and ‐positive (EpCAMneg and EpCAMpos) cell populations isolated from breast cancer cell lines exhibited mesenchymal and epithelial phenotypes, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that EpCAMpos, but not EpCAMneg, cells possessed self‐renewal and differentiation potentials. Tumorsphere formation in suspension cultures and tumorigenicity in the orthotopic mammary fat pad of mice were significantly greater in EpCAMpos cells than in EpCAMneg cells. The development of bone metastases induced by an intracardiac injection was markedly increased in mice inoculated with EpCAMpos cells. Furthermore, intracardiac inoculations of parental cells demonstrated that the EpCAMpos population in cancer cells that colonized in bone was significantly higher than that in parental cells. However, stable transduction of EpCAM into EpCAMneg cells failed to reproduce the phenotypes of EpCAMpos cells. These results suggest that the expression of EpCAM in breast cancer cells is associated with CSC‐like phenotypes, which contribute to the promotion of bone metastases by enhancing tumorigenicity. Our results also support the possibility that the epithelial phenotypes of EpCAM‐expressing cells confer advantageous properties for the development of bone metastases, at least after entering the circulation, while EpCAM is likely not solely responsible for the phenotypes of EpCAMpos cells.
Distinction Between Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis Signals Regulated by Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells and Gingival Epithelial Cells
Authors: Kashiwai Kei , Kajiya Mikihito , Matsuda Shinji , Ouhara Kazuhisa , Takeda Katsuhiro , Takata Takashi , Kitagawa Masae , Fujita Tsuyoshi , Shiba Hideki , Kurihara Hidemi
Published: November 2015

Previously, we reported that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) enhances periodontal tissue regeneration by inducing periodontal ligament cell proliferation in vivo. In addition, the down growth of gingival epithelial cells, which comprises a major obstacle to the regeneration, was not observed. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of BDNF on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human periodontal ligament (HPL) cells and human gingival epithelial cells (OBA9 cells) and to explore the molecular mechanism in vitro. HPL cells dominantly expressed a BDNF receptor, TrkB, and BDNF increased cell proliferation and ERK phosphorylation. However, its proliferative effect was diminished by a MEK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) and TrkB siRNA transfection. Otherwise, OBA9 cells showed a higher expression level of p75, which is a pan‐neurotrophin receptor, than that of HPL cells. BDNF facilitated not cell proliferation but cell apoptosis and JNK phosphorylation in OBA9 cells. A JNK inhibitor (SP600125) and p75 siRNA transfection attenuated the BDNF‐induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, OBA9 cells pretreated with SP600125 or p75 siRNA showed cell proliferation by BDNF stimulation, though it was reduced by U0126 and TrkB siRNA. Interestingly, overexpression of p75 in HPL cells upregulated cell apoptosis and JNK phosphorylation by BDNF treatment. These results indicated that TrkB‐ERK signaling regulates BDNF‐induced cell proliferation, whereas p75‐JNK signaling plays roles in cell apoptotic and cytostatic effect of BDNF. Overall, BDNF activates periodontal ligament cells proliferation and inhibits the gingival epithelial cells growth via the distinct pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1543–1555, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extraction of quinolones from milk samples using bentonite/magnetite nanoparticles before determination by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection
Authors: Jin Tao , Wu Hao , Gao Nannan , Chen Xiaodan , Lai Huajie , Zheng Jinfeng , Du Liming
Published: November 2015

In this work, bentonite magnetic nanoparticles synthesized by a typical coprecipitation method were used as the adsorbent for the magnetic solid‐phase extraction of six quinolones (ciprofloxacin, difloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, sarafloxacin, and lomefloxacin) from milk samples followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. Under the optimized conditions, the linear quantitation range for the six quinolones was 0.3–200 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficients of the calibration curves ranged from 0.9994 to 0.9999. The detection limit of the method was 0.1 ng/mL. Recoveries of quinolones from pure and low‐fat spiked milk samples varied from 80.4 to 92.7% and from 81.3 to 93.5%, respectively. These results demonstrated that the proposed method for the determination of six quinolones in milk samples was rapid, reliable, and efficient.
Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits inflammation via free fatty acid receptor FFA4, disruption of TAB2 interaction with TAK1/TAB1 and downregulation of ERK‐dependent Egr‐1 expression in EA.hy926 cells
Authors: Liu Kai‐Li , Yang Ya‐Chen , Yao Hsien‐Tsung , Chia Ting‐Wen , Lu Chia‐Yang , Li Chien‐Chun , Tsai Henry J , Lii Chong‐Kuei , Chen Haw‐Wen
Published: November 2015

Scope

Inflammation is intimately associated with many cardiovascular events and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been shown to protect against CVD. Egr‐1 has emerged as a key regulator in the development of atherosclerosis. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4) is an n‐3 FA membrane receptor. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) is an inflammatory mediator and transforming growth factor‐β‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is essential in the TNF‐α‐mediated activation of NF‐κB. We examined the mechanisms underlying DHA inhibition of inflammation in human EA.hy926 cells.

Methods and results

TNF‐α markedly induced the interaction between TAK1 binding protein (TAB) 2 and TAK1/TAB1, the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 MAPK and Akt, the expression of Egr‐1 and ICAM‐1, and HL‐60 (monocyte‐like) cell adhesion. Pretreatment with DHA attenuated TNF‐α‐induced phosphorylation of ERK, expression of Egr‐1 and ICAM‐1 and HL‐60 cell adhesion. Transfection with siFFA4 reversed the DHA‐mediated inhibition of TNF‐α‐induced Egr‐1 and ICAM‐1 expression, HL‐60 cell adhesion and NF‐κB and DNA‐binding activity.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the anti‐inflammatory effect of DHA on the endothelium is at least partially linked to FFA4, disruption of TAB2 interaction with TAK1/TAB1 and downregulation of ERK‐dependent Egr‐1 and ICAM‐1 expression, which leads to less HL‐60 cell adhesion to TNF‐α‐stimulated EA.hy926 cells.
Magnetic composites prepared by incorporation of strontium ferrite into polar and non‐polar rubber matrices
Authors: Kruželák Ján , Sýkora Richard , Dosoudil Rastislav , Hudec Ivan
Published: November 2015

Strontium ferrite was incorporated into different rubber matrices to prepare rubber magnetic composites. Three types of elastomers, butadiene rubber BR as non‐polar elastomer, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber NBR and blend acrylonitrile butadiene rubber–polyvinyl chloride NBR/PVC as polar elastomers were chosen as rubber matrices. Surface modified strontium ferrite as magnetic filler was applied in concentration scale ranging from 0 to 100 phr. Besides the rubber and the filler, the rubber compounds contained only the ingredients of sulfur curing system. The results revealed that thermo‐physical and magnetic properties of composites increased with doping content of ferrite. Moreover, the improvement of mechanical properties in dependence on strontium ferrite content was also recorded. It can be stated that the improvement of composite properties is in close correlation with the increase of polarity of the rubber matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2480–2487, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Realizing near stoichiometric and highly transparent CdS:Mo thin films by a low‐cost improved SILAR technique
Authors: Ravichandran K. , Nisha Banu N. , Baneto M. , Senthamil Selvi V.
Published: November 2015

Undoped and molybdenum doped CdS thin films were deposited on glass substrates using Improved Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (ISILAR) technique. The Mo doping level was varied from 0 to 15 at.% in steps of 5 at.%. The XRD analysis shows that all the films are polycrystalline with cubic structure and grow preferentially along the (111) plane. The crystallite size increases gradually with the increase in Mo doping level up to 10 at.% and decreases with further doping. The morphological studies reveal that Mo doping significantly affects the grains size. Qualitative and quantitative compositional analysis show that near stoichiometric undoped and Mo doped CdS thin films can be achieved using this ISILAR technique. All the films exhibit high transparency in the visible region with an average transmittance in the range of 85–95%.
Thermodynamic parameters of Zr superconductor at – structural phase transition
Authors: Szczȩśniak R. , Durajski A. P. , Szczȩśniak D.
Published: November 2015

Abstractauthoren In the present study, the thermodynamic parameters of the superconducting state in zirconium at the structural – phase transition (GPa) have been calculated. It has been shown that the jump of the critical temperature () from to 11K corresponds to the jump of the Coulomb pseudopotential from to . Other thermodynamic quantities, such as the order parameter at zero Kelvin (), the specific heat jump (), and the thermodynamic critical field () also undergo the abrupt change. The dimensionless parameters: , , and are equal to the following: , , and , respectively. Additionally, the structural phase transition induces the strong variation of the ratio of the electron effective mass to the electron band mass: . From the physical point of view, the increasing deviations of the superconducting parameters from the predictions of the BCS theory at the structural – phase transition have tight relation with the corresponding behavior of the electron–phonon coupling.
Short‐ and intermediate‐range order in amorphous GeTe
Authors: Stellhorn Jens R. , Hosokawa Shinya , Pilgrim Wolf‐Christian , Blanc Nils , Boudet Nathalie , Tajiri Hiroo , Kohara Shinji
Published: November 2015

We have investigated amorphous GeTe by anomalous X‐ray scattering coupled with reverse Monte Carlo modeling. Experiments were conducted at the two K‐absorption edges in order to determine differential structure factors for both elements. The results indicate that simple models like the bonding rule cannot accurately rationalize the atomic structure. Te atoms are found to be over‐coordinated with a mean coordination number of about 2.5. Moreover, evidence is given for a high level of intermediate‐range order based on Ge, which has not been reported previously. This order has a pronounced effect on the ring statistics observed in the amorphous network, and thereby on the phase‐change speed of GeTe.
A Rare Case of Male-to-Eunuch Gender Dysphoria
Authors: Hermann Maria , Thorstenson Andreas
Published: November 2015

Aim

The aim of this case report is to improve the awareness of this gender dysphoria both for the single patient interest as well as for the community.

Methods

This is a single-patient case report. Literature search and Internet browsing for forum concerning this subject were performed.

Conclusion

Healthcare professionals must be aware of this group of patients as they have a greater risk of self-harm in order to self-castrate, which could be acute and life threatening if not performed in the right way.
2D Coordination Polymer with a 1D Carboxylate‐Copper Chain Based on Rare Icosanuclear and Tetranuclear Clusters
Authors: Zhang Xue , Han Tong , Zou Qian , Zhu Rui‐Yu , Wang Jun‐Jie , Li Zuo‐Xi
Published: November 2015

The 2D coordination polymer {[Cu32(pa)24(μ2‐OH)8(μ3‐OH)8(bibp)8]·(CH3OH)3(H2O)5}∞ was prepared by the solvothermal reaction of Cu(NO3)2·3H2O with phthalic acid (H2pa) and 4, 4′‐bis(imidazol‐1‐yl)biphenyl (bibp). The CuII ions show five different kinds of coordination environments, which are all connected by the pa2– ion into an interesting 1D carboxylate‐copper chain with rare icosacopper and tetracopper clusters. The 1D chain is further bridged by the bibp ligand to form a 2D layer, which could be viewed as an unprecedented (4, 4) lattice based on rectangular and butterfly‐shaped tetracopper clusters with the ratio of 2:6. The magnetic properties were studied, and the results show antiferromagnetic interaction in the complicated 1D chain.
Simultaneous Rapid Saline Flush to Correct Catheter Malposition: A Clinical Overview
Authors: Natividad Elizabeth , Rowe Todd
Published: November 2015

Central venous catheters and peripherally inserted central catheters are fundamental in the delivery of pharmacologic and nutrition therapies to patient populations, including individuals with cancer. Malposition and migration of these catheters outside of the superior or inferior vena cava can contribute to delays in therapy as individuals await repositioning, and in some cases replacement of the catheter. Traditional repositioning using overwire or interventional radiology techniques can be costly and may delay care. The placement and management of these catheters has increasingly become the domain of specially trained vascular access nurses. A team of specially trained vascular access nurses, in collaboration with interventional radiologists at a National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center developed a procedure for catheter repositioning using a simultaneous rapid saline flush technique (SRSFT). We present this procedure, along with implications for cost and clinical outcomes. Clinical outcomes suggest that 68% of catheters have been successfully repositioned using this technique with no adverse events associated with the procedure noted to date. In addition, the use of the SRSFT represents a cost savings of up to 90% compared with traditional repositioning procedures. The SRSFT is identified as safe, timely, cost-conscious, and therapeutically effective, although further research is needed to formally evaluate the efficacy of repositioning using this technique compared with overwire and interventional-radiology-guided repositioning, including complications and quality outcomes.
Improving Registered Nurses' Knowledge of Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines to Decrease the Incidence of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections: An Educational Intervention
Authors: Humphrey Joy S.
Published: November 2015

Background: The 2011 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for preventing central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). Educating and training health care personnel—incorporating bundled strategies for maximizing patient safety throughout the course of intravenous therapy—is the major area of interest. Despite a low number of reported CLABSIs—below national benchmarks—our large regional medical center has the goal of 0 CLABSI.

Purpose: The purpose of our project was to develop an educational intervention guided by the Healthcare and Technology Synergy Framework to improve registered nurses' (RNs) knowledge of evidence-based practice guidelines to decrease the incidence of CLABSI.

Methodology: A pretest/posttest format was used to evaluate an educational session on the nursing management of central lines (CLs). Participants in the study were RNs employed at a large regional medical center who worked 50% or more per week providing direct patient care in the hospital's intensive care units. An educational session on nursing management of CLs was presented. A 16-question survey (7 demographic and 9 knowledge questions) to assess RNs' knowledge of care and maintenance of CLs was used as the pretest and posttest.

Conclusions: RNs' knowledge of care and maintenance of CLs improved significantly after the intervention (pretest mean score = 4.6 and posttest mean score = 8.4; P = .0001).

Implications for Practice: An educational intervention can increase RNs' knowledge of care of CLs. As a result of this project, an annual evidence-based practice educational intervention was adopted for RNs at our large regional medical center.
Effects of Exercise During Pregnancy on Maternal Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability
Authors: May Linda E. , Knowlton Jennifer , Hanson Jessica , Suminski Richard , Paynter Christopher , Fang Xiangming , Gustafson Kathleen M.
Published: November 2015

Background

Pregnancy is associated with an increased sympathetic state, which can be exacerbated by gestational conditions. Research has shown that exercise during pregnancy lowers heart rate (HR) and can attenuate the symptoms of gestational conditions associated with increased sympathetic control. However, changes in maternal heart autonomic function in response to exercise have not been reported across multiple time points during pregnancy. This analysis is designed to address this gap.

Objective

To determine if exercise throughout gestation improves maternal cardiac autonomic nervous system functioning, as evidenced by decreased HR and increased heart rate variability (HRV) indices.

Design

Case control study.

Setting

Academic medical institution.

Participants

A total of 56 women with healthy, singleton, low‐risk pregnancies.

Methods

Participants were asked to complete 3 resting 18‐minute HRV recordings at 28, 32, and 36 weeks' gestation, along with a physical activity questionnaire.

Main Outcome Measures

HRV indices were calculated for time (R peak to R peak interval standard deviation and root mean squared of successive differences) and frequency (very low, low, and high frequency) domain measures. The differences between groups were compared for HRV indices at 28, 32, and 36 weeks.

Results

Resting HR was significantly lower in the exercise group at 28 weeks (P < .01) compared with the control group. The exercise group had significantly (P < .05) increased measures of resting HRV time domain measures at 28, 32, and 36 weeks' gestation compared with the control group. Resting HRV power was significantly increased (P < .05) in all frequency domain measures at 32 weeks in the exercise group relative to the control group. No differences occurred in sympathovagal balance (low frequency/high frequency ratio) between groups.

Conclusion

Exercise throughout pregnancy can significantly improve cardiac autonomic control. More research is needed to determine if this adaptation to exercise may reduce the risk of adverse outcomes associated with gestational conditions with poor autonomic control, such as diabetes, hypertension, pre‐eclampsia, and excessive weight gain.
Bracton’s Note Book
Authors: Bracton Henry de
Published: November 2015

Henry of Bracton (or Bratton) (c. 1210–1268) was a jurist who worked as a Justice of Assize in the south-west of England, and was the author of the first systematic discussion of English common law. The manuscripts which form Bracton's Note Book were discovered in the British Museum in 1884 by Vinogradoff, and were edited in three volumes in 1887 by Maitland. These volumes contain a collection of over 2,000 law cases from the thirteenth century, each with a description of how the law should be applied to the particular circumstances of each case. This is the first example of case law in English legal writing, and its usefulness as a record of legal precedent probably led to the creation of Year Rolls (official records of court cases) from 1268. Volume 2 contains the texts of Pleas in the Bench from 1218 to 1234.
A Complete Guide to the English Lakes
Authors: Sedgwick Adam , Wordsworth William
Published: November 2015

First published in 1853, this is a comprehensive guide to the British Lake District. It features contributions from William Wordsworth and the geologist Adam Sedgwick, as well as a number of shorter sections by local experts on subjects such as botany and toponymy. The first part comprises detailed descriptions of the major towns and villages of the area, providing recommended routes and excursions for tourists. This is followed by Wordsworth's description of the scenery of the Lake District, offering fascinating observations on the natural formation of the landscape and the influence of human settlement. The latter part consists of a series of five letters on the geological structure of the area, written by Sedgwick between 1842 and 1853. Illustrated with detailed maps of the area, this is a key text for those interested in the history of tourism in the Lake District and its development in the Victorian period.
The Land Beyond the Forest
Authors: Gerard Emily
Published: November 2015

Novelist Emily Gerard (1849–1905) went with her husband, an officer in the Austrian army, to Transylvania for two years in 1883. Then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, today a region of western Romania, Transylvania was little known to readers back in England. In the years following, she wrote this full-length account (published in 1888) as well as several articles on the region, which Bram Stoker used when researching the setting for Dracula. She describes her encounters with the different nationalities that made up the Transylvanian people: Romanians, Saxons and gypsies. Full of startling anecdotes and written in a novelistic style, her work combines her personal recollections with a detailed account of the landscape and people. The first volume recounts her first impressions and the superstitions and customs of the Romanian and Saxon populations. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=geraem
Chronological History of the West Indies
Authors: Southey Thomas
Published: November 2015

Thomas Southey (1777–1838) joined the navy at the age of twelve, saw action during the French Revolutionary Wars, and was first posted to the West Indies in early 1804. Promoted to captain in 1811 and later employed as a customs officer, he died on the voyage home from his last posting in Demerara. His only book, published in 1827, is dedicated to his older brother, Robert, a Romantic poet, who also wrote on historical subjects (his books on Nelson, the Duke of Wellington, and Brazil are also available in the Cambridge Library Collection). Thomas' three-volume work draws on extensive reading, with substantial passages quoted verbatim from his sources. He concludes that the history of the West Indies presents 'little more than a melancholy series of calamities and crimes', but commends the British government's efforts to put an end to slavery. Volume 1 covers the period from 1492 to 1654.
History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth
Authors: Froude James Anthony
Published: November 2015

James Anthony Froude (1818–94), historian and disciple of Carlyle, published this twelve-volume history of the English Reformation between 1858 and 1870. The work is shaped by Froude's firm belief that the Reformation enabled the development of modernity and the rise of 'progressive intelligence' in England. His polemical stance was criticised by some historians, but his engaging narrative style and elegant prose made his work extremely popular with the general public, and the books were highly influential. The first six volumes consider the course of the Reformation from the break with Rome until the accession of Elizabeth I in 1558, and the remaining six recount the reign of Elizabeth I, ending with the defeat of the Spanish Armada. Volume 8 goes back to consider the condition of Ireland during Mary I's reign, the rise of the English navy, and the significance of Mary Stuart.
Observations on Popular Antiquities
Authors: Brand John
Published: November 2015

John Brand (1744–1806), secretary of the Society of Antiquaries, first published his widely popular Observations on Popular Antiquities in 1777. This fascinating two-volume almanac of British superstitions and customs was in fact a heavily revised and annotated version of Henry Bourne's Antiquitates vulgares (1725). Beginning with New Year's Eve, Volume 1 describes the origins and practices of British calendar festivals including religious holidays, saints' days, seasonal celebrations such as May Day and the Summer Solstice, and obscurer festivities such as the Feast of Sheep Shearing. Following the success of the book's initial reception, Brand continued to research English folklore with the intention of publishing fuller information. This two-volume version, published posthumously in 1813, was edited and expanded by Sir Henry Ellis, Keeper of Manuscripts at the British Museum, and further revisions also appeared in 1841 and 1870. Brand's book is regarded as the foundation for folklore studies in England.
The Law of Nations
Authors: Vattel Emmerich de
Published: November 2015

This enormously influential work by Swiss diplomat and jurist Emmerich de Vattel (1714–76) was first published in 1758, and is credited with shaping modern international law by applying natural law to international relations. Its argument for liberty and equality proved influential upon the American Declaration of Independence, with Benjamin Franklin commenting on its usefulness to the drafters. The book was translated into English in 1760, 1787, and 1797: the latter version was revised by Joseph Chitty the elder (1775–1841), a barrister and one of the most prolific legal writers of his day, who published more than twenty books on law in his lifetime, and also served as tutor or mentor to some of the most influential lawyers of nineteenth-century England. First published in 1834, Chitty's version amends the errors of the anonymous 1797 translation, as well as revising and expanding the explanatory notes.
Narrative of a Journey in the Morea
Authors: Gell William
Published: November 2015

The antiquary Sir William Gell (1777–1836) was most famous for his two books on the archaeological discoveries at Pompeii (also reissued in this series) but his interest in the topography of classical sites is also reflected in this work, first published in 1823. Gell describes his experiences of many visits to the Peloponnese over a period of twenty years, during which the Greek movement for independence from the Ottoman Empire was gathering momentum and widespread support in Europe. Written partly in response to a request to 'give us anything but your dull maps and measures', the book does not discuss archaeological sites in detail but rather records impressions of the lives of the Greek and Turkish inhabitants in the period immediately before the outbreak of war. Gell's own conclusions about the prospects for 'Grecian liberty' are gloomy: he holds it to be 'quite unattainable at the present day'.
The Idler in Italy
Authors: Blessington Marguerite
Published: November 2015

Marguerite Gardiner, Countess of Blessington (1789–1849) was famous for her charm, wit and beauty, the latter reflected in Sir Thomas Lawrence's famous portrait of her in 1822. Blessington had an unhappy childhood, and was forced into her first marriage at the age of fourteen, but had developed a love of reading and story-telling. With her second husband Charles John Gardiner, first Earl of Blessington, she lived for several years in France and Italy. This three-volume work, first published 1839–40, contains Blessington's humorous account of living abroad. Volume 3 includes her lively narrative of her travels in Northern Italy: she spends time in Padua, Venice, Bologna, Milan and the Italian lakes. The volume concludes with a return to Genoa, where Blessington remembers her good friend Lord Byron, who had died in 1824, and her departure for England.
A Framework for Training Public Health Practitioners in Crisis Decision-Making
Authors: Kayman Harvey , Logar Tea
Published: November 2015

Three sets of issues tend to be overlooked in public health emergency preparedness and response, which can be addressed with new training protocols. The first issue is procedural and concerns the often intuitive (as opposed to deliberative) nature of effective crisis decision-making. The second issue is substantive and pertains to the incorporation and prioritization of ethical, political, and logistical concerns in public health emergency guidelines. The third issue is affective and concerns human feelings and human frailty, which can derail the most well designed and best practiced procedural and substantive approaches to emergency response. This article offers an outline for a decision-making framework for public health emergencies that addresses and incorporates these issues within relevant guidelines and training. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:165–173)
Processing, visualising and reconstructing network models from single‐cell data
Authors: Woodhouse Steven , Moignard Victoria , Göttgens Berthold , Fisher Jasmin
Published: November 2015

New single‐cell technologies readily permit gene expression profiling of thousands of cells at single‐cell resolution. In this review, we will discuss methods for visualisation and interpretation of single‐cell gene expression data, and the computational analysis needed to go from raw data to predictive executable models of gene regulatory network function. We will focus primarily on single‐cell real‐time quantitative PCR and RNA‐sequencing data, but much of what we cover will also be relevant to other platforms, such as the mass cytometry technology for high‐dimensional single‐cell proteomics.
Patterning two-dimensional free-standing surfaces with mesoporous conducting polymers
Authors: Liu Shaohua , Gordiichuk Pavlo , Wu Zhong-Shuai , Liu Zhaoyang , Wei Wei , Wagner Manfred , Mohamed-Noriega Nasser , Wu Dongqing , Mai Yiyong , Herrmann Andreas , Müllen Klaus , Feng Xinliang
Published: November 2015

The ability to pattern functional moieties with well-defined architectures is highly important in material science, nanotechnology and bioengineering. Although two-dimensional surfaces can serve as attractive platforms, direct patterning them in solution with regular arrays remains a major challenge. Here we develop a versatile route to pattern two-dimensional free-standing surfaces in a controlled manner assisted by monomicelle close-packing assembly of block copolymers, which is unambiguously revealed by direct visual observation. This strategy allows for bottom-up patterning of polypyrrole and polyaniline with adjustable mesopores on various functional free-standing surfaces, including two-dimensional graphene, molybdenum sulfide, titania nanosheets and even on one-dimensional carbon nanotubes. As exemplified by graphene oxide-based mesoporous polypyrrole nanosheets, the unique sandwich structure with adjustable pore sizes (5–20 nm) and thickness (35–45 nm) as well as enlarged specific surface area (85 m2 g−1) provides excellent specific capacitance and rate performance for supercapacitors. Therefore, this approach will shed light on developing solution-based soft patterning of given interfaces towards bespoke functions.
A coherent transcriptional feed-forward motif model for mediating auxin-sensitive PIN3 expression during lateral root development
Authors: Chen Qian , Liu Yang , Maere Steven , Lee Eunkyoung , Van Isterdael Gert , Xie Zidian , Xuan Wei , Lucas Jessica , Vassileva Valya , Kitakura Saeko , Marhavý Peter , Wabnik Krzysztof , Geldner Niko , Benková Eva , Le Jie , Fukaki Hidehiro , Grotewold Erich , Li Chuanyou , Friml Jiří , Sack Fred , Beeckman Tom , Vanneste Steffen
Published: November 2015

Multiple plant developmental processes, such as lateral root development, depend on auxin distribution patterns that are in part generated by the PIN-formed family of auxin-efflux transporters. Here we propose that AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7 (ARF7) and the ARF7-regulated FOUR LIPS/MYB124 (FLP) transcription factors jointly form a coherent feed-forward motif that mediates the auxin-responsive PIN3 transcription in planta to steer the early steps of lateral root formation. This regulatory mechanism might endow the PIN3 circuitry with a temporal ‘memory’ of auxin stimuli, potentially maintaining and enhancing the robustness of the auxin flux directionality during lateral root development. The cooperative action between canonical auxin signalling and other transcription factors might constitute a general mechanism by which transcriptional auxin-sensitivity can be regulated at a tissue-specific level.
Chemical basis for the recognition of trimethyllysine by epigenetic reader proteins
Authors: Kamps Jos J.A.G. , Huang Jiaxin , Poater Jordi , Xu Chao , Pieters Bas J.G.E. , Dong Aiping , Min Jinrong , Sherman Woody , Beuming Thijs , Matthias Bickelhaupt F. , Li Haitao , Mecinović Jasmin
Published: November 2015

A large number of structurally diverse epigenetic reader proteins specifically recognize methylated lysine residues on histone proteins. Here we describe comparative thermodynamic, structural and computational studies on recognition of the positively charged natural trimethyllysine and its neutral analogues by reader proteins. This work provides experimental and theoretical evidence that reader proteins predominantly recognize trimethyllysine via a combination of favourable cation–πinteractions and the release of the high-energy water molecules that occupy the aromatic cage of reader proteins on the association with the trimethyllysine side chain. These results have implications in rational drug design by specifically targeting the aromatic cage of readers of trimethyllysine.
Surface faceting and elemental diffusion behaviour at atomic scale for alloy nanoparticles during in situ annealing
Authors: Chi Miaofang , Wang Chao , Lei Yinkai , Wang Guofeng , Li Dongguo , More Karren L. , Lupini Andrew , Allard Lawrence F. , Markovic Nenad M. , Stamenkovic Vojislav R.
Published: November 2015

The catalytic performance of nanoparticles is primarily determined by the precise nature of the surface and near-surface atomic configurations, which can be tailored by post-synthesis annealing effectively and straightforwardly. Understanding the complete dynamic response of surface structure and chemistry to thermal treatments at the atomic scale is imperative for the rational design of catalyst nanoparticles. Here, by tracking the same individual Pt3Co nanoparticles during in situ annealing in a scanning transmission electron microscope, we directly discern five distinct stages of surface elemental rearrangements in Pt3Co nanoparticles at the atomic scale: initial random (alloy) elemental distribution; surface platinum-skin-layer formation; nucleation of structurally ordered domains; ordered framework development and, finally, initiation of amorphization. Furthermore, a comprehensive interplay among phase evolution, surface faceting and elemental inter-diffusion is revealed, and supported by atomistic simulations. This work may pave the way towards designing catalysts through post-synthesis annealing for optimized catalytic performance.
Impact of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome in patients with dementia
Authors: Wu Ping-Hsun , Lin Yi-Ting , Hsu Po-Chao , Yang Yi-Hsin , Lin Tsung-Hsien , Huang Chia-Tsuan
Published: November 2015

The study aimed to investigate the association of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) use with the risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of dementia patients during 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2008 using the National Health Insurance Database in Taiwan. New AChEI users during the study period were matched with AChEI nonusers in age-matched and gender-matched cohorts. The risk of ACS associated with use of AChEIs was analyzed using modified Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models after adjustment for competing death risk. Use of AChEIs was associated with a lower incidence of ACS (212.8/10,000 person-years) compared to the matched reference cohort (268.7/10,000 person-years). The adjusted hazard ratio for ACS in patients with dementia treated with AChEIs was 0.836 (95% confidence interval, 0.750–0.933; P < 0.001). Further sensitivity analysis of different study populations demonstrated consistent results. A statistical dose–response relationship for AChEI use and ACS risk was significant for the patients with dementia. In patients with dementia, AChEI treatment was associated with decreased risk of ACS.
Comparison on thermal transport properties of graphene and phosphorene nanoribbons
Authors: Peng Xiao-Fang , Chen Ke-Qiu
Published: November 2015

We investigate ballistic thermal transport at low temperatures in graphene and phosphorene nanoribbons (PNRS) modulated with a double-cavity quantum structure. A comparative analysis for thermal transport in these two kinds of nanomaterials is made. The results show that the thermal conductance in PNRS is greater than that in graphene nanoribbons (GNRS). The ratio kG/kP (kG is the thermal conductivity in GNRS and kP is the thermal conductivity in PNRS) decreases with lower temperature or for narrower nanoribbons and increases with higher temperature or for wider nanoribbons. The greater thermal conductance and thermal conductivity in PNRS originate from the lower cutoff frequencies of the acoustic modes.