bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of data-efficient training techniques for detection and segmentation models in atrial septum defect analysis
Authors: Rakhmetulayeva Sabina , Ukibassov Baubek , Zhanabekov Zhandos , Bolshibayeva Aigerim
Published: November 2024

The object of this research is to develop a data-efficient pipeline for the detection of atrial septal defects (ASDs) using echocardiographic images. ASDs are common congenital heart defects that can lead to serious health issues if not diagnosed early. Rising mortality rates due to undetected ASDs highlight the urgent need for improved diagnostic methods. To address the problem of limited annotated medical data hindering accurate detection models, this study fine-tuned the SegFormer model for precise segmentation of cardiac structures in echocardiography images, focusing on the four-chamber heart view essential for ASD detection. By integrating SegFormer with the YOLOv7 detection model, known for real-time object detection, the ASD regions within the segmented heart structures were accurately identified. This cross-referencing ensures anatomically accurate diagnoses and reduces false positives. The study results demonstrate that despite limited data, the integrated method achieves high accuracy and speed, outperforming traditional models. This improvement is explained by the synergy between SegFormer’s transformer-based segmentation and YOLOv7’s efficient detection capabilities. The distinctive feature of our approach is the successful integration of these models in a data-efficient manner, enabling effective ASD detection even with scarce data. The scope of practical use includes deployment in clinical settings with limited resources, requiring only echocardiographic equipment and basic computational resources. By providing clinicians with a reliable tool for ASD detection, the study supports timely interventions in pediatric cardiology, ultimately improving patient outcomes and enhancing care consistency
Development of conceptual provisions for implementing innovative technologies to quality standards of public passenger transport
Authors: Novikova Alla , Velisevych Mykola , Poberezhna Zarina , Symonenko Roman , Dehtiar Zoia
Published: November 2024

This paper reports a study of the main principles for the formation of public passenger transport service quality standards. The object of the research is public passenger transport services. The task of the study is the development of conceptual foundations for the formation of quality standards using modern innovative technologies. It has been established that the main factor in achieving the quality of public passenger transport services is taking into account innovative technologies and compliance with the criteria and norms of EU standards.
 Features in the functioning of public passenger transport in the world have been studied, including the use of information platforms for tracking the movement of transport routes, Internet applications, ensuring safety and compliance with environmental requirements. The criteria that serve as indicators of improving the efficiency of the quality of services have been defined, among the main ones are the availability of transportation, comfort, frequency of traffic, and waiting time, quality of service, as well as safety. A system of forming the quality of public passenger transport services has been proposed, which involves determining the needs and requirements of consumers of public passenger transport services, ensures the development of measures to improve the quality of services and their certification.
A comprehensive approach to the formation of the quality of public passenger transport services based on the introduction of innovative technologies has been formed, which could make it possible to determine the level of their innovative development, as well as ways to improve it. This approach takes into account the relationship between implemented measures, measuring the level of service quality and the distribution of obligations to ensure the level of services determined by quality criteria. This makes it possible to determine the required level of quality of public passenger transport services and to form a relationship between the level of innovative technologies and the stages of the approach.
The practical significance of the results is the design of tools that would ensure the improvement of the quality of public passenger transport services.
Development of kefir product with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BB-12) activated by Sanguisorba officinalis L. extract
Authors: Utebaeva Aidana , Yevlash Viktoriia , Gabrilyants Eleonora , Abish Zhansaya , Aitbayeva Aigerim
Published: November 2024

This study addresses the challenge of enhancing the activation of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BB-12) to improve the quality and functionality of kefir-based products. The objective was to develop a kefir product enriched with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, activated using an extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L., a natural antioxidant, to reduce activation time and boost probiotic efficacy.
Two kefir samples were prepared: a control and an experimental product enriched with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis activated by Sanguisorba officinalis L. at 10⁻⁵ g/cm³ concentration. The experimental sample exhibited a significant increase in Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis count, reaching 9.52 lg(CFU/cm3), within 30 minutes at 37±1 °C, outperforming the control. This rapid activation led to improved physicochemical properties, including enhanced flavor, consistency, and a slower increase in titratable acidity over 14 days, indicating prolonged shelf life. The amino acid profile was enriched, with higher levels of essential amino acids such as valine, leucine, methionine, as well as increased water-soluble vitamins including riboflavin, ascorbic acid, and pantothenic acid. The slower decline in Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis population during storage further highlighted the probiotic stability of the enriched kefir.
These findings demonstrate that activating Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis with Sanguisorba officinalis L. extract enhances the nutritional and functional qualities of kefir. This product holds potential for commercial application in the functional food industry, offering consumers a probiotic-rich, nutritionally superior fermented dairy option
Enhancing investment attractiveness in wartime: a comprehensive analytical approach
Authors: Karpushenko Mariia , Momot Tetiana , Kraivska Inna , Shapoval Galyna , Karpushenko Oleg
Published: November 2024

The study focuses on analyzing the changes in investment attractiveness during wartime, when certain regions are occupied or destroyed, some enterprises are non-operational due to damaged production facilities, there is a significant outflow of labor force, and energy issues arise.
The core issue of the study lies in the necessity of considering the complex political and economic situation’s impact on Ukraine’s investment climate. This requires developing more adaptive assessment methods that can account for both economic and socio-political risk factors. In such circumstances, reliable data is hard to obtain, which prompted the goal of substantiating the factors that characterize the country’s investment attractiveness. To provide a comprehensive assessment of investment attractiveness, an integrated indicator is proposed, which combines data reflecting investment attractiveness, including indices calculated by leading global organizations. The analysis includes such indices as the Innovation Development Index, the Corruption Perception Index, and the Judicial System Index. As a result, an average value of the changes was calculated, showing a comprehensive shift in the indicators related to investment attractiveness. The analysis using the integrated indicator demonstrated that investment attractiveness has decreased by 10 % during the war, but certain indicators, such as the Corruption Facilitation Index and the Judicial Index, have actually improved during the war.
The results obtained can be used to develop risk management strategies for both international and local investors. They can also serve as a basis for creating recommendations for improving the investment climate, which in turn can attract capital and stimulate economic growth under challenging conditions
Devising an analytical method for estimating aircraft positioning accuracy by an infocommunication network of optoelectronic stations
Authors: Tevyashev Andriy , Zemlyaniy Oleg , Shostko Igor , Kostaryev Dmytro , Paramonov Anton
Published: November 2024

The object of this study is the monitoring processes of airspace in the visible and infrared frequency ranges using an infocommunication network of optoelectronic tracking stations.
The problem addressed is the assessment of accuracy in positioning aerial vehicles in airspace, considering random and systematic errors in video surveillance.
The proposed method allows for the analytical evaluation of variance in the coordinates of aerial vehicles in airspace at any given moment, depending on the variance in errors from all components of the video surveillance process.
The following results are reported:
– mathematical models for both open and covert video surveillance by the infocommunication network of optoelectronic stations based on the trajectories of aerial vehicles, which enable the estimation of their coordinates for each moment of video surveillance.
– analytical relationships between the variance of geolocation of aerial vehicles and the variance of errors in all components of the video surveillance process.
A key feature of the method is its practical independence on the type and size of aerial vehicles. The method requires the availability of metrological characteristics of the optoelectronic station instruments and synchronized measurements of azimuth, elevation angle (for covert), and slant range (for open video surveillance).
The numerical values of the root mean square deviations of the positioning errors of aerial vehicles under various video surveillance conditions range from 0.1 to 0.35 meters, confirming the effectiveness of using the infocommunication network of optoelectronic stations as an instrumental tool for high-precision trajectory measurements.
Revealing the closeness of publication ties in scientific cooperation taking into account scientific productivity based on the Time-Weighted PageRank Method with Citation Intensity
Authors: Biloshchytskyi Andrii , Kuchanskyi Oleksandr , Andrashko Yurii , Mukhatayev Aidos , Toxanov Sapar , Faizullin Adil , Yurchenko Nataliia
Published: November 2024

The object of this study is the processes related to the assessment of the closeness of publication ties among scientists and taking into account their productivity related to scientific activity. This is necessary to increase the efficiency of management of research projects. To this end, the PR, TWPR, TWPR-CI methods for calculating scientific productivity estimates of scientists were described. In particular, the TWPR-CI method gives preference to those scientists whose works were more intensively published and cited during the last period of time, which is important for the formation of the composition of the executors of scientific research projects. The method for calculating the closeness of publication ties among scientists or average asymmetric tie strength was also described. The verification of dependence between the evaluation of the closeness of publication ties among scientists and their scientific productivity was carried out based on the analysis of the citation network of scientific publications and the network of scientific cooperation. The networks are built on the basis of the open access Citation Network Dataset (ver. 14). The dataset contains information on more than 5 million scientific publications and more than 36 million citations to them. The correlation analysis revealed the presence of a weak inverse relationship between these estimates. However, the weakness of the connection allows us to state that for this case there is no established correlation between the assessment of scientific productivity and the assessment of the closeness of publication ties. That is, the hypothesis that the weak connection between scientists makes it possible to increase the productivity and innovativeness of their publications was not confirmed. The results allow for a systematic approach to the process of evaluation and planning of the results of research projects, as well as the formation of the composition of their executors
Devising a project risk management method under scrum conditions based on cognitive approach
Authors: Prokopenko Tetiana , Grygor Oleg , Prokopenko Valentyn , Lavdanska Olha
Published: November 2024

Any project implemented using Scrum is characterized by the impact of risks, including negative changes in the environment and crisis circumstances. Therefore, the processes related to risk management, which is the object of this paper, become important. The problem solved in this study is to improve the efficiency of projects through the construction of a long-term strategy for reducing the level of risk and avoiding negative consequences for projects in the context of Scrum. The proposed method of risk management has been developed on the basis of the application of the synthesis of management of intelligent decision-making technologies and formalized methods. Difficult external circumstances are characterized by a high degree of uncertainty and do not always contribute to the successful implementation of the project. Therefore, this method of project risk management under Scrum conditions based on a cognitive approach is characterized by a combined combination of cognitive analysis, mathematical modeling, and expert methods. As part of the method, a model of project risk management under Scrum conditions has been built in the form of a fuzzy cognitive map, which could ensure determining the optimal strategic decision in dynamics, taking into account the effects of various factors. The result of applying this method is compliance with time limits, reduction of overspending of resources and losses in the project, as well as adaptation to rapidly changing circumstances and adequate response.
The method of project risk management is characterized by solving the problem of formalizing management decision-making procedures and their information support, taking into account the availability of both quantitative and qualitative data. Within the framework of this method, a project risk management procedure under Scrum conditions has been proposed, which contributes to the systematization, monitoring, and control of risks under the conditions of complex, rapidly changing crisis circumstances
Determination of processing conditions for a heat-resistant superalloy used in turbine elements
Authors: Kotok Valerii , Butyrina Tatyana , Sknar Yuri , Demchyshyna Oksana , Liashenko Anna , Sukha Irina
Published: November 2024

A heat-resistant superalloy from destroyed special equipment was used for further processing to extract valuable metals such as rhenium, nickel, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, and others. The need to develop an effective method for the electrochemical dissolution of this superalloy is due to the shortage and high cost of the component metals, especially rhenium. The electrochemical dissolution method is effective for the rapid and complete dissolution of such hard alloys, optimizing the extraction process of valuable components.
In the course of the work, the composition of the unknown superalloy was determined, and the possible grade of the alloy was identified as JS32-VI. For the first time, a comparison of the anodic behavior of the heat-resistant superalloy containing rhenium in various electrolyte solutions, including methanesulfonic acid, was carried out. This comparison helped determine which electrolyte is best suited for dissolving the superalloy and extracting valuable metals from it.
The results showed that solutions containing chloride ions (NaCl and HCl) are the most effective for the electrochemical dissolution of the superalloy. These results are explained by the fact that chloride ions help remove the passive oxide film from the metal surface. Thus, chloride solutions provide more effective dissolution of the superalloy compared to methanesulfonic acid and sulfuric acid.
The key finding of the study is the identification of chloride solutions as the most effective for dissolving the superalloy, which optimizes the process of extracting valuable metals. The application of these methods will contribute to resource conservation and the reduction of production costs, which is important for industries using such materials
Determining optimal parameters of algebraic fractals in zero-knowledge authentication protocols
Authors: Samoilenko Denys
Published: November 2024

Most information systems, especially on the Internet, have a distributed architecture with remote access and an insecure communication channel. In such systems, the tasks of permanent authorization mean implementing time intervals of user work without re-authentication are especially actual. The problem is that repeatedly sending a password increases the likelihood of it corruption. One solution is to use zero-knowledge protocols. In these protocols, passwords are not transmitted over the channel but are included in the algorithms as parameters. However, the computational complexity, as well as the finite number of passwords, limit their use, ensuring the relevance of further research. Focusing on object of the exchange protocols security, the use of algebraic fractal sets has been proposed as a potentially infinite source of data for passwords. In this work, algorithms were developed, implemented, and tested, which proved the higher reliability of fractal protocols in comparison with the reference generator of random bits (with an error probability of 0.5). It was also noted that the calculation operations have an insignificant influence on the overall time complexity of the exchange protocol as a whole. Practical recommendations for the use of fractals with a Hausdorff dimensionally of about 1.6 on the boundary of the Mandelbrot set are given. The paper also highlights the advantages of including color information in fractal sets, which gives about 3 times improving of confidential security indicators of communication protocol. The proposed algorithms do not require specialized software and can be implemented in the majority of network information systems as an additional module.
Organizing the automated system of dispatch control over pump units at water pumping stations
Authors: Zamikhovskyi Leonid , Nykolaychuk Mykola , Levytskyi Ivan
Published: November 2024

The design and operation of modern dispatch control systems for pumping units involves comprehensive solution to separate engineering, technical, and scientific problems.
The object of research is information processes enabling the operational modes of electrically driven pumping units at water pumping stations.
This paper solves the scientific and technical task related to developing topology, hardware, and software tools, control algorithms, dispatch interface, and researching the modes of operation of pumping units in dispatch control systems at water pumping stations.
Algorithms for controlling pumping units have been implemented, the advantage of which is the possibility of automated calculation of parameters for technological PID-controllers, taking into account the current electrical parameters of the frequency-controlled electric drive of pumping units and operating conditions.
The WEB-oriented dispatch interface of the SCADA-based pumping unit control system was designed and tested, which enables control process in real time.
Features of the developed dispatch control system are improved topology, expanded functionality, energy-saving control modes, and the possibility of further modernization based on the principles of standardization and unification of hardware and software tools and design procedures.
The developed dispatch control system for pumping units at water pumping stations has been implemented and is successfully operated at an industrial water supply enterprise.
The results provided for an increase in technical and economic indicators during the operation of technological equipment due to the efficiency of control and management procedures, energy-saving operational modes of the frequency-controlled electric drive of pumping units.
Design of the predictive management and control system for combined propulsion complex
Authors: Budashko Vitalii , Sandler Albert , Khniunin Sergii , Bogach Valentyn
Published: November 2024

The object of this researching is the process of maneuvering a sea-based vehicle under compressed conditions, which requires one hundred percent reserve of thrusters (THRs) of various modifications and locations. The main problem is the provision of energy-efficient control over the ship's motion at low speed in the horizontal plane using a high-level predictive controller. The hierarchy of the motion control system (MCS) is usually divided into several levels with the help of a high-level motion controller and the THR motor control distribution algorithm. This allows for a modular software structure where a high-level controller (HLC) can be designed without using comprehensive information about the THR motors. However, for a certain reference of THR configurations, such a decoupling can lead to reduced control performance due to the limitations of HLC regarding the physical constraints of the vessel and the behavior of MCS.
The main results of the researching are methods to improve control performance using a nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) as a basis for the designed motion controllers due to its optimized solution and ability to consider constraints. A decoupled system was implemented for two simple motor tasks showing dissociation problems. The shortcomings were eliminated through the development of a nonlinear MPC controller, which combines the motion controller and the distribution of control over THR motors. To preserve the discrete modularity of the control system and achieve adequate performance, a nonlinear MPC controller with time-varying constraints was designed. This has made it possible to take into account the current limitations of the THR control system, increase the accuracy of control, and reduce the response time of the system by 10 %.
Removing cloudiness on optical space images by a generative adversarial network model using SAR images
Authors: Romanchuk Mykola , Zavada Andrii , Naumchak Olena , Naumchak Leonid , Kosheva Iryna
Published: November 2024

The object of this study is the process of removing cloudiness on optical space images. Solving the cloudiness removal task is an important stage in processing data from the Earth remote probing (ERP) aimed at reconstructing the information hidden by these atmospheric disturbances. The analyzed shortcomings in the fusion of purely optical data led to the conclusion that the best solution to the cloudiness removal problem is a combination of optical and radar data. Compared to conventional methods of image processing, neural networks could provide more efficient and better performance indicators due to the ability to adapt to different conditions and types of images. As a result, a generative adversarial network (GAN) model with cyclic-sequential 7-ResNeXt block architecture was constructed for cloud removal in optical space imagery using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. The model built generates fewer artifacts when transforming the image compared to other models that process multi-temporal images.
The experimental results on the SEN12MS-CR data set demonstrate the ability of the constructed model to remove dense clouds from simultaneous Sentinel-2 space images. This is confirmed by the pixel reconstruction of all multispectral channels with an average RMSE value of 2.4 %. To increase the informativeness of the neural network during model training, a SAR image with a C-band signal is used, which has a longer wavelength and thereby provides medium-resolution data about the geometric structure of the Earth's surface. Applying this model could make it possible to improve the situational awareness at all levels of control over the Armed Forces (AF) of Ukraine through the use of current space observations of the Earth from various ERP systems
Assessment of the degree of ripeness of oriental persimmon fruits (Diospyros kaki L.) by tensor stress
Authors: Ismayilova Melahet , Khalilov Mushfiq , Mammadaliyeva Maryam , Kazimova İlhama , Maharramova Sevinj , Gasimova Afet
Published: November 2024

The object of the study is persimmon fruits, which occupy an important place among subtropical crops and have a wide development prospect. Since these fruits are difficult to process, they are mainly used fresh. The usefulness of these fruits is associated with their chemical composition. This composition includes biologically active substances, microelements, various mono- and polysaccharides, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, etc. The complexity of the technological processing of persimmon fruits is associated with its astringent taste, which is determined by the amount of polyphenolic compounds. In general, the strength of raw materials is manifested not only in the degree of ripeness, but also in its technological processing processes, which are the object of the study. From this point of view, the hardness of persimmon fruits acts as a subject of study. Data on the property of fruits and vegetables associated with the stress-hard state is a solution to the problems that arise when expanding the range of finished products. For example, it has been established that at the stage of commercial ripeness, the hardness of persimmon fruits is no more than 12.3 kg/cm2. And this indicator changes downwards over time, i.e. to 1.5÷2.0 kg/cm2. Consequently, the possibility of using fruits for the production of various food products is expanding.
The study of raw materials according to the laws of solid state physics is explained by its polymer structure. Therefore, the ripening of raw materials depends on the monomerization of this structure. In such decomposition, a condition is created for the combination of various mono-substances, for example, in persimmon fruits, monophenols combine with monosaccharides, which results in a decrease or disappearance of the tart taste of the raw material. Therefore, determining the degree of raw material ripeness by changes in stress will allow to predict its destruction in advance.
Choosing an efficient mass exchange apparatus for desorption of hydrogen sulphide from reservoir and drainage waters
Authors: Helesh Andriy , Kalymon Yaroslav
Published: November 2024

Industrial wastewater is often contaminated with hydrogen sulfide and sulfides. This poses significant risks to both the environment and human health and life as H2S is extremely toxic. Therefore, water purification from it is vital, and the choice of an effective desorber device is an urgent issue.
This paper investigates the process of H2S desorption from wastewater in mass exchange devices with a continuous bubbling bed (DCBB), a column with falling plates (CFP), and a horizontal device with bucket-like dispersers (HDBD). To analyze the kinetic and technological characteristics of the process, the following indicators were selected: the product of the mass exchange coefficient on the contact surface of phases (K·F), reduced to 1 m3 of the volume of the apparatus, and the degree of hydrogen sulfide desorption.
The most complete desorption of hydrogen sulfide occurs at pH≤5. For practical needs, it is suggested to acidify the water to pH=5.5...6.0. It was established that the partial pressure of H2S increases linearly with increasing temperature, and an increase in salinity from 2...4 to 130...160 kg/m3 leads to its increase by 1.45...1.5 times.
The best desorption indicators can be achieved in HDBD at pH=4.97. The efficiency of cleaning in CFP and DCBB is significantly affected by the specific air flow rate. The highest values (K·F) per 1 m3 that were achieved in desorbers are, mol/(s·Pa·m3): HDBD – 1.94·10-5, in CFP – 5.55·10-6, DCBB – 6.9·10-6. The ratio of the product (K·F) in HDBD to CFP is 3.5, and in HDBD to DCBB 2.8. It was possible to achieve the maximum degree of desorption of 37.8 % in DCBB; in CFP, this indicator is 74.1 %, and in HDBD – 77.7 %. Experimental studies have generally confirmed the effectiveness of using HDBD, and the results obtained under production conditions on real drainage and reservoir waters could find be practically implemented in hydrogen sulfide utilization technologies
Comparison of deep learning-based models for detection of diseased trees using an image compression algorithm
Authors: Sarinova Assiya , Rzayeva Leila , Abitova Gulnara , Yessenov Alimzhan , Sansyzbayev Ansar , Omirtay Yerassyl
Published: November 2024

The object of the research is the application of deep learning algorithms using an improved mathematical lossless image compression method for recognizing and identifying dead trees in aerospace images.
The main problem that has been solved is the archiving of images due to their large volume on disk and the possibility of their further processing by deep learning methods such as convolutional and capsule neural networks, which have shown high efficiency and accuracy in image recognition and classification tasks using the proposed new image compression method.
The article presents a comparative analysis of the performance of three YOLO (You Only Look Once) models with different types of architectures, such as YOLOv5, YOLOv7 and YOLOv8, to assess the effectiveness of their work for the task of recognizing aerospace tree images obtained from satellites, drones, and aircrafts.
Comprehensive analysis of YOLO models presents that model YOLO v8 turned out to be most effective with a positive accuracy of 88.2 %, a recall of 77.4 %, and a mAP50 score of 87.2 %. Moreover, the average detection time was only 0.052 seconds for each image, even though the model size remains very small – 21.5 MB. These results suggest a much better usage of time and precise identification of dead trees, and classified targets with high efficiency.
From the research, there is significant prospects of global forest management especially on forest reduction and protection of ecosystems through accurate assessment on the health of forestry. The proposed approach is universal and can be used in real life conditions, providing a good compromise of the speed, accuracy and resources required for forest monitoring and management
Identification of air targets using a hybrid clustering algorithm
Authors: Laktionov Oleksandr , Yanko Alina , Pedchenko Nazar
Published: November 2024

The study addresses the task to improve the accuracy of clustering air raid danger levels by constructing a hybrid clustering algorithm.
A target air clustering algorithm has been developed, which involves using a modified distance metric and integrates air danger level assessments directly into the algorithm.
The reported features demonstrate superiority over existing algorithms based on the Silhouette and Davies-Bouldin indices. The proposed model yields a Silhouette index of 0.72306 compared to 0.3481 for the existing model, and a Davies-Bouldin index of 0.3389 compared to 1.209. Models such as Random Forest Classifier and Gradient Boosting Classifier, evaluated using the clusterizer, exhibit higher accuracy, specifically 0.87 and 0.87, respectively, compared to existing models with 0.48 and 0.49, respectively.
The distinctive feature of the clusterizer is the use of more accurate input assessments, determined by the principle of interaction and linear scaling. The proposed algorithm involves using a modified chi-square distance metric, which includes assessments of state security indices. A notable feature of the proposed approach is the more accurate determination of cluster centers using Kohonen self-organizing maps. This helps solve the task of analyzing and improving the accuracy of predicting air threat levels. The results are explained by the use of more accurate input assessments and a well-chosen distance metric between clusters in combination with Kohonen self-organizing maps.
In practice, the results could be used for analyzing air danger levels by a ground-based platform
Labor Migration in Russian Regions: Issues of Economic Security Provision
Authors:   Volzhsky Branch of Volgograd State University, Loginova Elena , Guzev Mikhail ,   Volzhsky Branch of Volgograd State University, Litvinova Alla ,   Volzhsky Branch of Volgograd State University
Published: November 2024

In the accepted understanding of the role of labor migration as a leading factor in ensuring the economic security of Russia and its regions, it is necessary to proceed from the content of migration as a complex, multidimensional phenomenon, characterized by multidirectional and contradictory dynamics of the processes occurring in it. In conditions of geopolitical and macroeconomic instability, the diagnosis of these processes is updated in connection with sharp structural shifts in labor migration and changes in their influence on the economic security of Russian regions and the country. Based on a structural-dynamic analysis made with the use of official statistical information, the dynamics and effectiveness of the processes accompanying labor migration and their impact on the economic security of Russia, its regions, and macro-regions were identified. The main trends in labor migration at the macro level are the predominance of internal migration flows over external ones against the negative increase in labor migrants from countries outside the CIS countries and the reorientation of labor flows to other countries; changes in the sectoral structure of migration; and the high share and growth of illegal migration. At the meso level, there is a high level of differentiation in labor migration flows and, as a result, their ambiguous impact on the economic security of Russian macro-regions and their constituent entities. The main factors hindering the positive impact of labor migration on the economic security of the regions of the Southern Federal District are differences in their sectoral specialization; the state of social infrastructure, education, and healthcare; level of employment; environmental and climatic living conditions; composition and structure of the population; and quality of life. The solution to the problems of labor migration in the Southern Federal District, which can ensure an increase in the migration attractiveness of the territories of the macro-region, lies, first of all, in the growth and balance of the quality of life of the population in the regions of the Southern Federal District, increasing the effectiveness of the state regional industrial and social policy, and strengthening the place and role of migration policy in long-term programs of regional development.
Assessment of Development Level of Digital Industrial Ecosystems in Rostov Region
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Serdyukov Roman , Nikitaeva Anastasia ,   Southern Federal University
Published: November 2024

Currently, digital industrial ecosystems are a form of economic organization capable of solving many key objectives for the development of economic entities in the context of Industry 4.0. However, building such ecosystems and their successful functioning requires information and analytical support for assessment of the current level of their development in specific regional economies for subsequent identification of strategies and priorities of transformation and capacity growth. The study suggests using subjective assessments obtained as a result of a survey of business entities to assess the level of development of digital industrial ecosystems in the Rostov region. Five key ecosystem areas were identified for assessment: strategy, infrastructure, technology, human resources, external relations, and interaction with the environment. As a result of a survey of representatives of 100 enterprises in the region, it was determined that, despite the predominance of enterprises with a digital ecosystem strategy in one form or another, the proportion of enterprises that do not have a digital ecosystem development strategy is quite high. About 70% of the surveyed enterprises in the Rostov region act as the central elements of their own digital ecosystems or are their participants. In general, the empirical analysis showed that, despite the potential positive effects of the formation of digital industrial ecosystems in the Rostov region, the average level of their development is determined by difficulties with both essential components, “digital” and “partner” ones. And if, in the first case, we are often talking about financial and resource constraints, then in the second, we are talking about underestimating the potential of partnerships in the new economic reality.
Indicators of Digital Development of Small Businesses in Agriculture in Volgograd Region
Authors:   Volgograd State Agrarian University, Popova Larisa , Lata Mariya ,   Volgograd State Agrarian University, Melikhov Petr ,   Volgograd State Agrarian University
Published: November 2024

The successful adaptation of the regional agro-industrial complex to a new technological order is impossible without activating the maximum number of resources available to national agriculture: management, production, economic, financial, technological, demographic, and climatic, as well as any other factors that stimulate the transition of the agricultural sector of the Russian economy to a qualitatively new level of scientific and technological development. The fourth technological order in agriculture will become the basis for a qualitatively different level of automation and digitalization of agro-industrial production, within which the role of the business entity will be largely limited only to making key managerial, production, and economic decisions. Technological processes will be fully automated through the widespread use of robotics, digital twins, predictive and cognitive technologies, EFR and CRM systems, the Internet of Things, etc. The need to optimize these solutions and integrate them into a single production and digital network will stimulate the creation of so-called digital ecosystems in the agricultural economy. These ecosystems are “a set of technological platforms, applied Internet services, analytical, and information systems created on the basis of a computer network infrastructure with the characteristics of self-regulation, adaptability, and sustainability for the purpose of joint production or promotion of a given benefit, information exchange, and evolutionary development of the system” aimed at satisfying people’s needs for high-quality and safe food products based on the use of resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies. The article examines the most significant indicators of the digital development of small agricultural businesses in the context of their ability to function within the framework of regional digital business ecosystems, as well as the prospects for the integration of small businesses into global ecosystems of the digital economy. A set of statistical data was studied that gives an idea of the use of digital technologies in the agricultural sector of the regional economy. A set of statistical data on the use of digital technologies in the agricultural sector of the regional economy has been studied, some indicators of the level of digitalization of small agribusiness entities have been identified and analyzed, making it possible to determine the trajectory of the digital development of micro-farm enterprises and to develop the general contours of a forecast scenario for the integration of small agricultural forms into the digital business ecosystem of the agricultural economy.
Program-Target Approach as a Tool for Agricultural Development: Formation, Innovations, Practice of Volgograd Region
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Shkarupa Ekaterina
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the program-target approach in the development of agriculture. A significant contribution to the provision of the country’s food security and the solution of significant problems in the industry is determined by the “State Program for Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Agricultural Products, Raw Materials, and Food Markets” adopted in 2018, which is currently being implemented. The author paid attention to the development of some aspects of the program-target method of agriculture support in the context of studying the content of this program based on the application of an evolutionary approach. The article provides a brief overview of the changes in the program of time periods, the regularity of which not only proves the relevance and importance of this document for agriculture support but also contributes to the timely identification of problems and the planning of measures to solve them. The radical transformation of the instrument of state programs and modification of approaches to their development and implementation have been carried out since 2021 within the framework of the approved regulations by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation. There is a change in approaches to the goal-setting system of such programs in terms of strategic priorities’ clarification in the field of their implementation, as well as synchronization in accordance with the national goals of the country. The agriculture of the Volgograd region is included in the list of strategic priorities of the region, the development targets of which are prescribed in the subprograms of the state program that is being implemented in the country. The methods for achieving the mentioned targets are: taxation, concessional lending, insurance, mainly with government support, and grant financing. The main results of the development of agriculture in the context of the implementation of a program-oriented approach are analyzed.
Optimization of Settlements for Export Operations in National Currency Under Modern Geopolitical Conditions
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Chukhnina Galina , Tregubova Daria ,   Volgograd State University
Published: November 2024

The financial security of enterprises in modern geopolitical conditions is negatively affected by political and financial sanctions imposed on the Russian Federation. In modern conditions of a rather aggressive exchange rate policy of the Bank of Russia, which ensures the containment of the national currency exchange rate and has a direct impact on the receipt of negative exchange rate differences in the process of export operations of domestic enterprises, it is necessary to improve settlement measures when conducting foreign economic activity. The purpose of this study was to develop operations to optimize settlements for export transactions in national currency. The subject of the study is the economic relations that arise in the process of settlements for expert transactions when carrying out foreign economic activity in modern geopolitical conditions. As a result of the study, scenarios for reducing the role of the dollar in international payments and reserves are reflected, and changes in the field of exchange control are studied. An assessment of the financial results of the enterprise for individual contracts was made due to the reflection of negative differences caused by fluctuations in the exchange rate of international currencies and the strengthening of the ruble. The effect of paying for exports in rubles is analyzed using the example of large existing enterprise contracts. A payment scheme for the enterprise’s exported products was developed and proposed by switching to payments in national currency. It was proved that the transition of settlements with foreign buyers in rubles reduces the risk of fluctuations in the exchange rate of international currencies and contributes to the strengthening of the ruble exchange rate while increasing the economic benefits of the enterprise. The results of the study can be applied to the practical activities of not only an individual enterprise but also to the activities of other enterprises exporting products.
Antipunitivismo, abolicionismo penal e o Projeto Ético-Político Profissional do Serviço Social
Authors: Melo Camila Gibin
Published: November 2024

Resumo: O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a importância do movimento abolicionista penal e a sua expressão nos movimentos e nas lutas sociais. Discorremos sobre as possíveis interlocuções entre o Serviço Social, os movimentos sociais e o Projeto Ético-Político Profissional (PEPP), em vista da objetivação dos princípios éticos centrais - liberdade e democracia - de uma prática abolicionista penal e antirracista nos diferentes espaços sócio-ocupacionais.
Histopathological features of the small intestines and quantification of lactic acid bacteria of broiler chickens supplemented with plectasin
Authors: Ramchandani Neemla Sharmila V. , Paraso Michelle Grace V. , Collantes Therese Marie A. , Cruz Joseph F. dela
Published: November 2024

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the histopathological features of the small intestines and to quantify lactic acid bacterial population in the ceca of broiler chickens supplemented with varying doses of plectasin, an antimicrobial peptide with gut health- promoting potentials. This research was done by supplementing broiler chickens with varying doses (150 ppm, 300 ppm and 450 ppm) of plectasin alongside negative and positive control groups. Small intestinal samples showed decreased occurrence and severity of histopathological lesions from the duodenum to the ileum. The occurrence of duodenal lesions such villi necrosis, de-epithelization of villi, haemorrhage and inflammation, observed in the duodenum decreased with supplementation of plectasin, which demonstrated its potential in promoting the structural integrity of the small intestines. On the other hand, microbial enumeration resulted in lower total lactic acid bacteria count in treatment groups supplemented with plectasin, demonstrating its inability to enhance beneficial microbiota, but may be suggestive of improved intestinal absorptive capacity based on the concept of competitive exclusion.
Behaviour of Moura breed pigs in silvopastoral systems
Authors: Soares Emerson Longaretti , Schlemper Susana Regina de Mello , Schlemper Valfredo
Published: November 2024

Abstract Animal production aims to reconcile sustainability and efficiency. In this context, silvopastoral systems emerge as a promising and little explored alternative. This exploratory study evaluated the behaviour of Moura pigs, raised in a silvopastoral system, in the middle of the Araucaria forest and native fields. Behaviour was assessed using an ethogram, to quantify the animals’ habits in the forest. This made it possible to analyze the animals’ activities, providing information about their social, feeding and general behaviour. As a result, the behavioural evaluation showed that the pigs were able to consume pasture and pine nuts in open areas under the araucaria trees. Furthermore, no anomalous behaviours or stereotypies were detected in animals raised in the silvopastoral system, indicating a better quality of life and well-being of animals raised in a free-range environment. Finally, the silvopastoral system proved to be an alternative for pig farming providing a more natural environment, with greater dietary diversity, a lower rate of negative behaviours and, consequently, improved well-being for the animals.