bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inference on a Multi-Patched Epidemic Model with Partial Mobility, Residency and Demography: The Case of 2020 COVID-19 Outbreak in Hermosillo, Mexico
Authors: Akuno Albert Orwa , Ramírez-Ramírez L. Leticia , Espinoza Jesús F.
Published: May 2023

Most studies modelling population mobility and the spread of infectious diseases, particularly using meta-population-multi-patched models, tend to focus on theoretical properties and numerical simulations of such models. There is relatively scanty literature published on fit, inference and uncertainty quantification on epidemic models with population mobility. In this research, we have used three estimation techniques to solve an inverse problem and quantify its uncertainty on a human mobility-based multi-patched epidemic model, using mobile phone sensing data and COVID-19 confirmed positive cases in Hermosillo, Mexico. First, we have utilized a Brownian bridge model using mobile phone GPS data to estimate residence and mobility parameters of the epidemic model. In the second step, we have estimated the optimal model epidemiological parameters by deterministically inverting the model using genetic algorithm (GA). The third part of the analysis involves performing inference and uncertainty quantification on the epidemic model using two Bayesian Monte Carlo sampling methods: t-walk and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC). The results show that the estimated model parameters and incidence adequately fit the observed daily COVID-19 incidence in Hermosillo. Moreover, the estimated parameters from HMC result into large credible intervals, improving their coverage for the observed and predicted daily incidences. We also observe improved predictions when using multi-patch model with mobility against the single-patch model.
Mammalian Animal & Human Retinal Organ Culture as Pre-clinical Model to Evaluate Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Intraocular Therapeutics
Authors: Kropp Martina , Mohit Mohit , Leroy-Ciocanea Cristina Ioana , Schwerm Laura , Harmening Nina , Bascuas Thais , De Clerck Eline , Kreis Andreas J. , Pajic Bojan , Johnen Sandra , Thumann Gabriele
Published: May 2023

Oxidative stress (OS) is involved in the pathogenesis of retinal neurodegenerative diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) and an important target of therapeutic treatments. New therapeutics are tested in vivo despite limits in transferability and ethical concerns. Retina cultures using human tissue can deliver critical information and significantly reduce the number of animal experiments along with increased transferability. We cultured up to 32 retina samples derived from one eye, analyzed models’ quality, induced OS, and tested efficiency of antioxidative therapeutics. Bovine, porcine, rat, and human retinae were cultured in different experimental settings for 3-14 d. OS was induced by high-glucose or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and treated by Scutellarin, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), and/or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Tissue morphology, cell viability, inflammation, and glutathione level were determined. Retina samples showed only moderate necrosis (23.83±5.05 increased to 27.00±1.66 AU PI-staining over 14 d) after 14 days in culture. OS was successfully induced (reduced ATP content of 288.3±59.9 vs. 435.7±166.8 nM ATP in controls); antioxidants reduced OS-induced apoptosis (from 124.20±51.09 to 60.80±319.66 cells/image after scutellarin-treatment). Enhanced mammalian animal and human retina cultures allow reliable, highly transferable research on OS-triggered age-related diseases and pre-clinical testing during drug development.
How do Carbon Emissions Trading Impact the Financialization of Non-Financial Companies? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in China
Authors: Ma Wenhao , Yan Xuwen
Published: May 2023

This study examines whether and how carbon trading policy impacts the financialization of non-financial firms, using China emission trading scheme as a natural experiment. We show that the carbon trading policy has effectively long-term inhibitory effect on corporate financialization. Our findings are robust to possible result bias and more precise control group. In addition, we explore potential channels through which carbon trading policy can affect financialization, and find that it contributes to curb financialization by reducing financing constraints. Finally, we show that the relationship between carbon trading policy and financialization of non-financial companies is moderated by company’s ownership, region and industry competition.
YOLOv5s-Fog: An Improved Model Based on YOLOv5s for Object Detection in Foggy Weather Scenarios
Authors: Meng Xianglin , Liu Yi , Fan Lili , Fan Jingjing
Published: May 2023

In foggy weather scenarios, the scattering and absorption of light by water droplets and particulate matter cause object features in images to become blurred or lost, presenting a significant challenge for target detection in autonomous driving vehicles. To tackle this problem, this study proposes a foggy weather detection method, YOLOv5s-Fog, based on the YOLOv5s framework. The model enhances the feature extraction and expression capabilities of YOLOv5s by introducing a novel target detection layer, SwinFocus. Additionally, this research incorporates decoupled head into the model and replaces the conventional non-maximum suppression method with Soft-NMS. Experimental results demonstrate that these improvements effectively enhance the detection performance for blurry objects and small targets in foggy weather conditions. Compared to the baseline model YOLOv5s, YOLOv5s-Fog achieves a 5.4% increase in mAP on the RTTS dataset, reaching 73.4%. This method provides technical support for rapid and accurate target detection in adverse weather conditions, such as foggy weather, for autonomous driving vehicles.
Utility of VIG-Frail Index in a ED Short-Stay Unit: Frailty and Mortality Correlation
Authors: Blázquez-Andión Marta , Montiel-Dacosta Josep Anton , Rizzi-Bordigoni Miguel Alberto , Acosta-Mejuto Belén , Moline-Pareja Antoni , Ris-Romeu Josep , Puig-Campmany Mireia
Published: May 2023

(1) Background: Frailty assessment allows identification of patients at risk of death, and is a challenge in the emergency department or its support wards. The aim is to study Frail-VIG Index (FI-VIG) ability to discriminate frailty groups of older adults and its correlation with mortality in an short-stay unit; (2) Methods: observational, single-center, prospective study consecutively included patients over 65 years old admitted to the unit between March 1, 2021-April 30, 2021. (3) Results: 302 patients were included (56% women); mean age 82.6±7.7 years; 39.1% of them had functional disability and 16.5% had dementia. Of them, 174 patients (58%) met frailty criteria (FI-VIG ≥0.2; 111 (63.8%) mild frailty (FI-VIG 0.2 - 0.36); 52 (29.9%) moderate frailty (FI-VIG 0.36 - 0.55) and 11 (6.3%) advanced frailty (FI-VIG >0.55). Mortality at one year was analyzed: no frailty (n=16; 12.5%); mild frailty (n=25;22.5%); moderate (n=22;42.3%); advanced (n=7;63.6%), showing significant differences between groups (p<0.003). Mild Frailty vs Non-Fragile HR 2.47 (95%CI 1.12 - 5.46; Moderate Frailty vs Non-Fragile HR 6.93 (95%CI 3.16 - 15.23); Advanced Frailty vs Non-Fragile HR 11.29 (95%CI 3.54 - 36.03). (4) Conclusions: There was a strong correlation between frailty degree and mortality at 1, 6 and 12 months. FI-VIG Index is a fast, easy-to-use tool and allows personalization of care.
Interpretable Machine Learning for Assessing the Cumulative Damage of a Reinforced Concrete Frame Induced by Seismic Sequences
Authors: Lazaridis Petros C. , Kavvadias Ioannis E. , Demertzis Konstantinos , Iliadis Lazaros , Vasiliadis Lazaros K.
Published: May 2023

This study investigates the interpretability of machine learning (ML) models applied to cumulative damage prediction during a sequence of earthquakes, emphasizing the use of techniques such as SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), Partial Dependence Plots (PDPs), Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME), Accumulated Local Effects (ALE), Permutation and Impurity-based technique. The research explores the cumulative damage during seismic sequences, aiming to identify critical predictors and assess their influence on the cumulative damage. Moreover, the predictors contribution in respect with the range of final damage is evaluated. Nonlinear time history analyses are applied to extract the seismic response of an eight-story Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame. The regression problem’s input variables are divided into two distinct physical classes: pre-existing damage from the initial seismic event and seismic parameters representing the intensity of the subsequent earthquake, expressed by Park and Ang damage index (DIPA) and Intensity Measures (IMs), respectively. The study offers a comprehensive review of cutting-edge ML methods, hyperparameter tuning, and ML method comparisons. A LightGBM model emerges as the most efficient, among 15 different ML methods examined, with critical predictors for final damage being the initial damage caused by the first shock and the IMs of the subsequent shock: IFVF and SIH. The importance of these predictors is supported by feature importance analysis and local/global explanation methods, enhancing the interpretability and practical utility of the developed model.
The Comparative Toxic Impact Assessment of Carbon Nanotubes, Fullerene, Graphene, and Graphene Oxide in Marine Microalgae Porphyridium purpureum
Authors: Pikula Konstantin , Johari Seyed Ali , Santos-Oliveira Ralph , Golokhvast Kirill
Published: May 2023

The growing production and application of carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) represent possible risks for aquatic systems. However, the variety of CNMs with different physical and chemical properties, and different morphology complicated the understanding of their potential toxicity. This paper aims to evaluate and compare the toxic impact of four most common CNMs, namely multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerene (C60), graphene (Gr), and graphene oxide (GrO) in marine microalgae Porphyridium purpureum. The microalgae cells were exposed to the CNMs for 96 h and measured by flow cytometry. Based on the obtained results, we determined no observed effect level (NOEL), calculated EC10 and EC50 concentrations for growth rate inhibition, esterase activity, membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation changes for each tested CNMs. According to the sensitivity (growth rate inhibition) of P. purpureum, the used CNMs can be listed in following order: CNTs > GrO > Gr > C60. The toxicity of CNTs was significantly higher than the toxic effect of the other used CNMs and only this sample caused increase of ROS generation in microalgae cells. This effect caused by trace metal residuals in CNTs and high affinity between particles and microalgae associated with the presence of exopolysaccharide coverage on P. purpureum cells.
Exploring the Development of Astrobiology Scientific Research Through Bibliometric Network Analysis: A Focus on Biomining and Bioleaching
Authors: Tonietti Luca , Barosa Bernardo , Pioltelli Emiliano , Giovannelli Donato , Covone Giovanni , Di Donato Paola , Cordone Angelina , Inno Laura , Magliano Christian , Fiscale Stefano , Muscari Tomajoli Maria Teresa , Napolitano Gaetana , Piccirillo Alice Maria , Della Corte Vincenzo , Santomartino Rosa , Rotundi Alessandra
Published: May 2023

Our understanding of the diversity of life on our planet and the possibility of finding or sustaining life elsewhere in the universe plays a central role in supporting human space settling and exploration. Astrobiology and its outcomes require a multidisciplinary and comprehensive approach, in which the microbial, geological, chemical, astronomical, and physical domains of research are interlinked. An example of the applications of astrobiology and space microbiology is the use of extremophiles for in-situ resource utilization through biomining and bioleaching. To better understand the multidisciplinary research landscape in this area, we have quantitatively reviewed the global scientific literature on astrobiology with a focus on biomining and bioleaching through bibliometric network analysis, investigating patterns and trends in its development over time. The network analysis of the keywords co-occurrence highlights different connecting and overlapping clusters, illustrating the multidisciplinary character of astrobiology. Temporal analyses show a recent focus on topics related to microbiology and geomicrobiology, emphasizing the role that these fields will play in future astrobiology research. In conclusion, astrobiology, biomining, and bioleaching research are timely responding to the identification of these techniques as tools for biotechnological applications, expected to play a crucial role in long-term human space exploration.
Effect of phytate (InsP6) and other inositol-phosphates (InsP5, InsP4, InsP3, InsP2) on crystallization of calcium oxalate, brushite, and hydroxyapatite
Authors: Calvó Paula , Costa-Bauza Antònia , Grases Felix
Published: May 2023

Pathological calcifications may consist of calcium oxalate (CaOx), hydroxyapatite phosphate (HAP), and brushite (BRU). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phytate (inositol hexakisphosphate, InsP6), InsP6 hydrolysates, and individual lower InsPs (InsP5, InsP4, InsP3, and InsP2) on the crystallization of CaOx, HAP and BRU in artificial urine. All of the lower InsPs seem to inhibit the crystallization of calcium salts in biological fluids, although our in vitro results showed that InsP6 and InsP5 were stronger inhibitors of CaOx crystallization, and InsP5 and InsP4 were stronger inhibitors of BRU crystallization. For the specific in vitro experimental conditions we examined, the InsPs had very weak effects on HAP crystallization, although it is likely that a different mechanism is responsible for HAP crystallization in vivo. For example, calciprotein particles seem to have an important role in the formation of cardiovascular calcifications in vivo. The experimental conditions that we examined partially recapitulated the in vivo conditions of CaOx and BRU crystallization, but not the in vivo conditions of apatite crystallization.
The Pathogenesis of Cytomegalovirus and Other Viruses Associated with Hearing Loss: Recent Updates
Authors: Shi Xinyu , Liu Xiaozhou , Sun Yu
Published: May 2023

Virus infection is one of the most common etiologies of hearing loss. Hearing loss associated with viral infection can be unilateral or bilateral, mild or severe, sudden or progressive, and permanent or recoverable. Many viruses cause hearing loss in adults and children; however, the pathogenesis of hearing loss caused by viral infection is not fully understood. This review describes cytomegalovirus, the most common virus causing hearing loss, and other reported hearing loss-related viruses, along with their pathogenic characteristics and research progress on their pathology, hearing phenotypes, possible associated mechanisms, treatment and prevention measures, aiming to provide diagnostic and treatment assistance to clinical workers.
Protective Mechanism Pathway of Swietenia macrophylla Extract Nanoparticles Against Cardiac Cell Damage in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Kurnijasanti Rochmah , Sudjarwo Sri Agus , Mustafa Mohd. Rais , Wardani Giftania
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Hyperglycemia caused cardiac cell damage by increasing ROS production in diabetic complications. The current study will prove the antioxidant activity of Swietenia macrophylla (S. macrophylla) extract nanoparticles as a protector against Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cardiac cell damage. In this research, high-energy ball milling is used to make S. macrophylla extract nanoparticle. Furthermore, characterize the size of S. macrophylla extract nanoparticles with Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Forty male rats were divided randomly into five groups. Control group: rats received orally aqua dest; Diabetic group: rats were injected STZ intraperitoneally; S. macrophylla group: rats were injected STZ and given orally with S. macrophylla extract nanoparticles. The DLS showed that the S. macrophylla extract nanoparticles size was 91.50 ± 23.06 nm. Injected with STZ significantly increased cardiac tissue of MDA levels, serum of CK-MB and LDH levels. STZ also significantly reduced expression of Nrf2, level of SOD and GPx in cardiac tissue compared with control group (p<0.05). In contrast, administration of S. macrophylla extract nanoparticles can prevent STZ-induced cardiac cell damage by decreasing level of CK-MB and LDH in serum, and level of MDA in cardiac tissue. S. macrophylla extract nanoparticles also significantly increments Nrf2 expression, SOD and GPx levels in cardiac tissue. These effects are related to the prevention of cardiac histopathological alteration (degeneration and necrosis) in diabetic rats. These results suggest that S. macrophylla nanoparticles might be a potential cardioprotective agent against STZ-induced cardiac cell damage due to its antioxidant properties
Peritectic Reaction of Olivine as Mechanism of Ultrabasic-Basic Evolution of the Diamond-Forming System Silicate-Carbonate-(C-O-H): Experiments at 6.0 GPa
Authors: Litvin Yuriy A. , Kuzyura Anastasiya V. , Spivak Anna
Published: May 2023

Melting phase relations of the diamond-forming system olivine (Ol) – jadeite (Jd) – diopside (Di) – (Mg, Fe, Ca, Na)-carbonates (Carb*) – (C-O-H-fluid) are studied in experiments at 6.0 GPa in the polythermal section Ol74Carb*18.5(C-O-H)7.5 - Omp74Carb*18.5(C-O-H)7.5, where Ol = Fo80Fa20, Omp (omphacite) = Jd62Di38 and Carb* = (MgCO3)25(FeCO3)25(CaCO3)25(Na2CO3)25. Peritectic reaction of olivine and jadeite-bearing melt with formation of garnet has been determined as a physico-chemical mechanism of ultrabasiс-basiс evolution of the diamond-forming system. In the process CO2-component of the supercritical C-O-H-fluid can react with silicate components to form additional carbonates of Mg, Fe, Ca and Na. Solidus temperature of the diamond-forming system is depressed to 1000-1020°C by joint effect of the H2O-fluid and carbonate constituents thereof. The experimentally recognized peritectic mechanism of ultrabasiс-basiс evolution of the diamond-forming system explains the origin of the associated paragenetic inclusions of peridotite and eclogite minerals in diamonds as well as the xenoliths of diamond-bearing peridotites and eclogites of the kimberlitic deposits of diamond. The diamond-forming systems have formed with the use of material of the upper mantle native peridotite rocks. In this case the capacity of the rocks to run the peritectic reaction of olivine was transmitted with silicate components to the diamond-forming systems.
Text to Causal Knowledge Graph: A Framework to Synthesize Knowledge from Unstructured Business Texts into Causal Graphs
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Seethalakshmi , Chen Victor Z. , Dou Wenwen , Hahn-Powell Gus , Nedunuri Sreekar , Zadrozny Wlodek W.
Published: May 2023

This article presents a state-of-the-art system to extract and synthesize causal statements from company reports into a directed causal graph. The extracted information is organized by the relevance to different stakeholder groups’ benefits (customers, employees, investors, and the community/environment). The presented method of synthesizing extracted data into a knowledge graph comprises a framework that can be used for similar tasks in other domains, e.g. medical information. The current work addresses the problem of finding, organizing, and synthesizing a view of the cause-and-effect relationships based textual data, in order to inform and even prescribe the best actions that may affect target business outcomes related to different stakeholders’ benefits (customers, employees, investors, and the community/environment).
Honeybee Colonies (Apis mellifera L.) Perform Orientation Aggressiveness Which Varies Among Bred Lines
Authors: Akongte Peter Njukang , Park Bo-Sun , Kim Dong-Won , Choi Yong-Soo
Published: May 2023

Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) express complex behavioral patterns (aggressiveness) to exhibit defensive mechanisms for their survival. Their phenotypic expression of aggressive behavior is influenced by internal and external stimuli. Knowledge of this behavior is recently important though beekeepers are still faced with the challenges of selecting aggressive and less-aggressive bred lines. Field evaluation of aggressiveness among bred lines of honey bees is required to overcome the challenges. Chemical cues (alarm pheromone and isopentyl acetate mixed with paraffin oil), physical and visual stimuli (dark leather suede, colony marbling and suede jiggling) were used to evaluate aggressiveness and orientation among five bred lines of honeybee colonies. Our results showed that both chemical assays recruited bees but the time of recruitment was significantly lower for alarm pheromone. Honeybees’ response to both assays culminated to stings which differed among bred lines for alarm pheromone and paraffin when colonies were marbled. Honeybee aggression varied among bred lines and was higher in more aggressive bred lines compared to less-aggressive bred lines. Our findings suggest that it is crucial to repeatedly evaluate orientation aggressiveness at the colony level and among bred lines when selecting breeding colonies.
Could a Non-Cellular Molecular Interactome in the Blood Circulation Influence Pathogens’ Infectivity?
Authors: Hardy Eugenio , Sarker Hassan , Fernandez-Patron Carlos
Published: May 2023

We advance the notion that much, like artificial nanoparticles, relatively more complex biological entities with nanometric dimensions such as pathogens (viruses, bacteria and other microorganisms) may also acquire a biomolecular corona, upon entering the blood circulation of an organism. We view this biomolecular corona as a component of a much broader non-cellular blood interactome that can be highly specific to the organism, akin to components of the innate immune response to an invading pathogen. We review published supporting data and generalize these notions from artificial nanoparticles to viruses and bacteria. Characterization of the non-cellular blood interactome of an organism may help explain apparent differences in the susceptibility to pathogens among individuals. The non-cellular blood interactome is a candidate therapeutic target to treat infectious and non-infectious conditions.
Scale Dependence of Errors in Snow Water Equivalent Simulations using ERA5 Reanalysis over Alpine Basins
Authors: Shrestha Susen , Zaramella Mattia , Callegari Mattia , Greifeneder Felix , Borga Marco
Published: May 2023

This study evaluated the potential of ERA5 reanalysis as a reference dataset for snow water equivalent (SWE) modeling in 16 Alpine basins of varying catchment sizes using the semi-distributed snow model (TOPMELT) in the Upper Adige river basin in the Eastern Italian Alps. The study aimed to identify errors in ERA5 meteorological variables and assess their impact on SWE computation from 1992 to 2019. The findings revealed that ERA5 precipitation overestimated low-intensity rainfall (drizzle problem) and underestimated high-intensity rainfall, while ERA5 temperature underestimated observations. The overestimation of low-intensity rainfall created fictitious low-intensity snowfall events, which, when combined with colder ERA5 temperature, resulted in delayed snowmelt and increased fictitious snow cover days over the study area. The Quantile Mapping (QM) technique was used to remove errors in ERA5 variables. For precipitation, a monthly correction factor accounting the calibration period (1992-2005) was considered to correct the entire period. Temperature errors were corrected individually for calibration and validation periods. The corrected ERA5 SWE simulation showed improved performance, with a decrease in fictitious snow cover days. The study also highlighted the importance of temperature correction over precipitation correction in SWE simulation, particularly for smaller basins, while considering the monthly moving mean to remove seasonality.
Late Ordovician High Ba-Sr intrusion in the Eastern North Qilian Orogen: Implications for Crust-Mantle Interaction and Proto-Tethys Ocean Evolution
Authors: Zhao Shaoqing , Hai Lianfu , Liu Bin , Dong Huan , Mei Chao , Xu Qinghai , Mu Caixia , Wei Xiangcheng
Published: May 2023

The petrogenesis of high Ba-Sr granitoids provide a great significance to penetrate the Proto-Tethys evolution in the North Qilian orogenic belt. This paper presents a combination of zircon U-Pb age, whole-rock major and trace element concentrations, and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic data for Caowa high Ba-Sr dioritic intrusion from the eastern part of the North Qilian orogenic belt, aiming to decipher its petrogenesis and tectonic setting. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating yields an emplacement age of 447±3 Ma for the Caowa intrusion, indicating a magmatic activity of the late Ordovician. The Caowa quartz diorites contain moderate contents of SiO2, MgO, Mg# and resultant high concentrations of Na2O+K2O, Fe2O3T and Al2O3, displaying calc-alkaline and metaluminous characteristics. Their relatively elevated Ba (up to 1165 ppm) and Sr (561 to 646 ppm) contents, with obvious enrichment in LILEs (e.g. Ba、Th、U) and depletion in HFSEs (e.g. Nb、Ta、Ti) resemble those of typical high Ba-Sr granitoids in subduction zone. Together with enriched Sr-Nd isotopic compositons[(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7082−0.7086, εNd(t)= -5.1 to -4.9], and relatively extensive εHf(t) values (-13.2 to +8.5) of zircons, it suggests that these high Ba-Sr quartz diorites were derived from a mixture magma source between the ancient crust materials and the enriched lithospheric mantle metasomatised by fluid was released from subducted oceanic crust or sediment. Taking into account the ophiolites, high pressure metamorphic rocks and arc magmatic rocks in the region, we infer that affected by the northward subduction of the Qilian Proto-Tethys ocean, the Laohushan oceanic crust of the North Qilian back-arc basin was subducted during the Late Ordovician and resulted in extensive metasomatism of lithospheric mantle by fluids derived from oceanic crust or sediments, and the Caowa high Ba-Sr quartz diorites generated in the process of crust-mantle interaction during the Late Ordovician.
Wind Drift, Breakdown and Pile up of the Ice Field
Authors: Goncharov Vadim K
Published: May 2023

Article contents the analytical model of the drift of a separate ice field under action of wind and current, which velocities and directions can vary during time. Model takes into account the mass of ice, added mass of sea water and the effects of the wind and current on the ice field in form the friction on its upper and underwater surfaces and frontal resistance on its end (forward and backward) surfaces. Results of performed the steady wind drift of the ice fields modelling show the drift velocity exceeds considerable known velocity of a compact ice cover wind drift. Drifting ice field has the certain kinetic energy that should be released when collision with unmovable obstacle and spent on brittle breakdown of part of the ice field. Volume of formed small ice pieces (fragments of ice field) was estimated by comparison of the specific energy of the sea ice brittle destruction and the kinetic energy of drifting ice field. Article presents the results of estimation of possible volume of the ice pieces and the scales of formed piles as result of collision with an obstacle depending on initial dimensions of ice field and wind speed. Developed models and the results of computer modelling can be used to estimate the ice pile sizes near the stationary platforms and terminals on the Arctic seas.
Exploring the Cholesterol-Modifying Abilities of Lactobacilli Cells in Digestive Models and Dairy Products
Authors: Ziarno Małgorzata , Zaręba Dorota , Ścibisz Iwona , Kozłowska Mariola
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to investigate the ability of lactic acid bacteria to remove cholesterol in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. The findings showed that the amount of cholesterol removed was dependent on the biomass, viability, and bacterial strain. Additionally, some cholesterol binding was stable and not released during gastrointestinal transit. The presence of cholesterol affected the fatty acid profile of bacterial cells, which could potentially influence their metabolism and functioning. However, adding cholesterol did not significantly impact the survival of lactic acid bacteria during gastrointestinal transit. Moreover, the study did not find significant effects of storage time, passage, or bacterial culture type on the cholesterol content of fermented dairy products. The researchers observed differences in cell survival among lactic acid bacteria strains in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, depending on the environment. Furthermore, dry matter content, such as high milk protein, was more protective of bacterial cells during gastrointestinal transit than fat content. Future research should aim to better understand the impact of cholesterol on lactic acid bacteria metabolism and identify potential health benefits or risks.
Engineered Bacteriophages: A Panacea Against Pathogenic and Drug Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Kakkar Anuja , Kandwal Garima , Nayak Tanmayee , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Jaiswal Lav Kumar , Gupta Ankush
Published: May 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global concern; antibiotics and other regular treatment methods have failed to overcome the increasing number of infectious diseases. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that specifically target/ kill bacterial hosts without affecting other human microbiome. Phage therapy provides optimism in the current global healthcare scenario with a long history of its applications in humans that has now reached various clinical trials. Phages in clinical trials have specific requirements of being exclusively lytic, free from toxic genes with an enhanced host range that adds an advantage to this requisite. This review explains in detail the various phage engineering methods and their potential applications in therapy. To make phages more efficient, engineering has been attempted using techniques like conventional homologous recombination, Bacteriophage Recombineering of Electroporated DNA (BRED), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas, CRISPY-BRED/Bacteriophage Recombineering with Infectious Particles (BRIP), chemically accelerated viral evolution (CAVE), and phage genome rebooting. Phages are administered in cocktail form in combination with antibiotics, vaccines, and purified proteins, such as endolysins. Thus, phage therapy is proving to be a better alternative for treating life-threatening infections, with more specificity and fewer detrimental consequences.
Warung Makan Tanpa Label Harga Dalam Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen (Studi Kasus Kelurahan Sungai Keledang)
Authors: Idris Nurviranti Dewi , Haries Akhmad , Ahyar Muzayyin
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini membahas tentang warung makan tanpa label harga dalam perspektif undang-undang nomor 8 tahun 1999 tentang perlindungan konsumen (studi kasus kelurahan sungai keledang). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesadaran pemilik warung makan terhadap pencantuman label harga dalam menjalankan usaha milik penjual. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian kualitatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan empiris. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah pemilik warung makan di kelurahan sungai keledang dan konsumen. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan cara deskriptif kualitatif yaitu menggambarkan, memaparkan dan menganalisa hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan. Hasil dari penelitian warung makan tanpa label harga dalam perspektif undang-undang nomor 8 tahun 1999 tentang perlindungan konsumen (studi kasus kelurahan sungai keledang)

terdapat 6 pemilik warung makan dan 6 konsumen yang diperoleh bahwa di Kelurahan Sungai Keledang masih ada yang tidak mencantumkan label harga pada warung makan yang sebagai penyampai informasi seputar makanan yang disajikan oleh pemilik warung makan agar konsumen tidak dirugikan. Dikarenakan ada beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan pemilik warung makan tidak mencantumkan label harga, diantaranya : harga dan bahan baku yang tidak sama; jumlah dan timbangan yang berbeda; menu yang tidak banyak; dan sudah menjadi kebiasaan. Tidak mencantumkan label harga bertentangan dengan Pasal 4 huruf c dan Pasal 7 huruf b karena merupakan kewajiban bagi pemilik warung makan untuk mencantumkan label harga sebagai informasi pada warung makan agar tidak ada konsumen yang dirugikan.
Persepsi Pemilik Toko Jamu Terhadap Kewajiban Sertifikat Halal Pada Jamu Yang Belum Bersertifikat halal di Kecamatan Samarinda Seberang
Authors: Anshar Muhammad , Haries Akhmad , Fathoni Sulthon
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini membahas tentang persepsi pemilik toko jamu terhadap kewajiban sertifikat halal pada jamu yang belum bersertifikat halal di kecamatan . Dan teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan cara deskriptif kualitatif yaitu menggambarkan, memaparkan dan menganalisis hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan. Hasil dari penelitian Persepsi pemilik toko jamu terhadap kewajiban sertifikat halal pada jamu yang belum bersertifikat halal di Kecamatan Samarinda Seberang adalah 7 pemilik toko jamu dan dapat dilihat dari 2 persepsi sebagai berikut: 1. Persepsi positif, terdapat 3 pemilik toko jamu di kecamatan Samarinda Seberang setuju, karena peraturan sertifikat halal untuk kebaikan masyarakat dan jamu yang sudah bersertifikat halal sudah dipastikan sebagai bentuk perantara untuk menyembuhkan sehingga umat Islam merasa aman ketika mengonsumsi jamu yang sudah halal. 2. Persepsi negatif, terdapat 4 pemilik toko jamu di kecamatan Samarinda Seberang tidak setuju dikarenakan kewajiban sertifikat halal pada jamu yang belum bersertifikat halal di Kecamatan Samarinda Seberang menyebabkan tidak tersedianya produk jamu yang dibutuhkan oleh konsumen yang dapat mengancam kesehatan dan keselamatan konsumen,, kemudian banyak pemilik toko jamu tidak mengetahui terkait Peraturan No. 39 Tahun 2021 Pasal 141. Pandangan Islam terkait sesuatu yang haram akan berubah menjadi halal ketika dalam keadaan mendesak termasuk jamu yang harus bersertifikat halal. Sedangkan saran pemilik toko jamu diharapkan untuk melaksakan kewajiabannya terkait dengan sertifikat halal pada jamu sebagimana diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah No. 39 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Bidang Jaminan Produk Halal sebagi bentuk upaya untuk memenuhi hak konsumen atas informasi secara benar, jelas dan jujur, sedangkan untuk konsumen dapat lebih berperan aktif dalam meningkatkan minat baca atau dalam memperoleh informasi terhadap sertifikat halal.

Kata Kunci : Persepsi, Pemilik Toko Jamu, Kewajiban Sertifikat Halal, Jamu.
Pengenaan Pajak Berulang Pada Pengguna Jasa layanan Restoran Sebagai Celah Korupsi Hasil Pajak
Authors: Prayoga Gencar anjur
Published: May 2023

Pemungutan pajak berulang adalah suatu prses pengenaan pajak yang pembayarannya dilakukan lebih dari satu kali oleh pihak yang sama dengan kapasitas waktu yang berbeda. Proses ini lebih sering terjadi pada instansi-insyansi jasa layanan, terlebih Restoran yang pada umumnya dalam pertanggung jawaban kegiatan yang dimasukkan dalam Dokumen Pelaksanaan. Dalam pelaksanaanya, proses ini ternyata terdapat indikasi menjadi pintu masuk bagi praktek korupsi hasil pakjak karena adanya salah sasaran pengenaan pajak. Isu hukum ini dikaji dengan metode Yuridis Normatif pendekatan dengan menggunakan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, serta menggandeng kajian pemungutan dan penagihan konsep pajak dan pajak Restoran.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak pada Lingkungan Pasca Aktivitas Tambang Batubara di Kota Samarinda
Authors: Nisa Nabila , Syari Makmun
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini membahas tentang perlindungan hukum bagi anak yang tinggal pada lingkungan pasca aktivitas tambang batubara yang berada di Kota Samarinda dan mengungkap faktor apa saja yang menjadi terhambatnya pemenenuhan hak anak pada lingkungan pasca aktivitas tambang batubara. Penelitian ini  menggunakan penelitian hukum empiris  dengan tipe penelitian sosiologi yaitu yuridis sosiologi (sociological jurisprudence). Analisis yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif analisis yaitu metode yang bertujuan menggambarkan keadaan-keadaan yang mungkin terdapat dalam situasi tertentu dan untuk membantu dalam mengetahui bagaimana mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Perlindungan hukum terhadap anak di lingkungan pasca aktivitas tambang batubara di kota Samarinda yang menyebabkan terabaikannya hak-hak anak yang menjadi korban dari tahun  2011-2016 sejumlah 14 anak yang meninggal dunia pada lokasi pasca aktivitas tambang batubara di kota Samarinda berupa perlindungan hukum dikarenakan hak-hak dilokasi pasca tambang batubara dilanggar seperti hak untuk hidup, hak mendapatkan rasa aman, dan hak mendapatkan lingkungan yang sehat dan bersih. Adapun faktor-faktor yang menjadi penghambat pemenuhan hak anak di lokasi pasca aktivitas tambang batubara yaitu tidak adanya ruang bermain bagi anak sehingga anak-anak bermain dilokasi pasca tambang, tidak adanya pengawasan dari pihak perusahaan untuk menjaga lokasi pasca tambang batubara sehingga tidak adanya peringatan dari orang dewasa untuk memberitahukan untuk tidak masuki lokasi pasca tambang dan bermain ditempat tersebut, tidak adanya garis pembatas atau pagar sehingga anak bisa bebas keluar masuk dan bermain dilokasi sekitar lubang pasca tambang dan tidak adanya niatan dari pihak perusahaan untuk menutup lubang tambang, setelah terjadi meninggalnya anak baru lubang tersebut segera ditutup.

 

Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Anak, Lingkungan Pasca Aktivitas Tambang
Studi Perbandingan Hukum Perkawinan Islam di Indonesia dan Thailand
Authors: Salaeh Fatonah , Darmawati Darmawati
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Memahami bagaimana sistem perkawinan nasional di Indonesia dan Thailand, (2) Latar belakang pemberlakuan hukum perkawinan Islam di Indonesia dan Thailand, (3) Persamaan dan perbedaan hukum perkawinan Islam antara Indonesia dan Thailand dengan membandingkan hukum positif perkawinan Indonesia ( UU No. 1 tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan dan Inpres No. 1 tahun 1991 tentang KHI) dan undang-undang tentang Penerapan Hukum Islam di Provinsi Pattani, Narathiwat, Yala, dan Satun BE 2489 (1946). Penelitian ini merupakna penelitian kepustakaan dan menggunakan pendekatan normatif historis. Data yang digunakan berupa data primer dan data skunder, data primer didapatkan dari undang-undang, buku tentang hukum Perkawinan Islam secara lansung, sedangkan data skunder didapat dari buku artikel jurnal lainnya yang berkaitan dengan hukum. Analisa data menggunakan analisa deskriptif komparatif yang bertujuan menjelaskan perbedaan dan persamaan hukum perkawinan Islam yang berlaku di Indonesia dan Thailand. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, pertama: sistem Hukum Perkawinan nasional di Indonesia merupakan perkawinan yang berdasarkan pada hukum agama, sehingga keabsahannya juga didasarkan kepada hukum agama-agama di Indonesia sesuai Pasal 2 (1) UU Perkawinan. Sedangkan sistem hukum perkawinan di Thailand terjadi pemahaman bebas hukum Perkawinan, sehingga perkawinan sipil menjadi satu-satunya model perkawinan, meskipun masih terdapat masyarakat yang merayakan perkawinan agama, namun keabsahan perkawinan terletak pada pencatatan sipil. kedua: yang melatarbekangi pemberlakuan hukum perkawinan Islam di Indonesia adalah karena kebutuhan masyarakat yang sejak zaman kerajaan Islam (sebelum Indonesia di jajah Belanda) telah memiliki pengadilan agama dengan berbagai nama yaitu Pengailan Penghulu, Mahkamah Syariah dan Pengadilan Surambi. Kemudian, yang melatarbelakangi pemberlakuan hukum perkawinan Islam di Thailand adalah merupakan lanjutan perkembangan pada masa Kerajaan Islam Patani dulu yang menjalani hukum Islam sebagi hukum formal dan memiliki pengadilan agama sebagai tempat menyelesain masalah tengtang hukum Islam. Hukum perkawinan Islam di Indonesia dan Thailand terdapat Persamaan dalam aspek dasar hukum, aspek kedudukan hukum di mata Negara, dan aspek pelaksanaan hukum perkawinan islam. Sedangkan perbedaan antara hukum perkawinan Islam dan Thailand adalah: Perbedaan dalam Proses perkara Perkawinan Islam di Pengadilan, Perbedaan tentang penerapan hukum perkawinan Islam Perbedaan dalam kedudukan hukum Islam di mata Negara, dan Perbedaan tentang Kursus pranikah.

 

Kata kunci : Hukum Perkawinan Islam, Indonesia, Thailand
Teaching English for Young Learners (Early Childhood) in Kamal’s Kindergarten
Authors: Surya Ulvia Ika , Mufidah Zakiyatul
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine effective methods for early childhood English learning. The sample of the research is consisted of 35 kindergarten children aged 4-5-6, who do not speak English and have no linguistic or speaking problems. The sample of the research consisted of six girls and seven boys aged 4, five girls and six boys aged 5, and seven girls and four boys aged 6. None of the children in the sample of research has had English education before. English language education in early childhood is of great importance since it makes children realize different languages and grow up with a positive attitude for English. Because of this reason, the most effective educational environment must be prepared for obtaining the most effective performance in English language education. The instructor needs to have adequate knowledge and background for the English language education and formation on early childhood. One of the most important facts about children’s learning a second language is the usage of that second language actively in the children’s environment. Such as the one in this study, many schools give English language education. Nevertheless, children can forget what they have learned since they are not using the second language actively in the daily life.
Implementation of the Storytelling Method to Improve Early Children’s Language Skills
Authors: Yanti Sri , Purwandari Elce , Subakti Agung , Anggereni Desi Tri , - Hartatik , Agusta Okky Leo
Published: May 2023

Language for early childhood is important as a means of thinking, listening, speaking, and reading and writing. The purpose of this study was to describe the application of an appropriate and effective storytelling method so that it can improve early childhood language skills in group B at Baitul A'la Lubuklinggau Kindergarten. This study used the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method or action classroom research using 3 cycles. Each cycle includes the stages of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The subjects in this study were early childhood in group B of Baitul A'la Lubuklinggau Kindergarten, totaling 20 children. The results of the study showed that there was an increase in language skills from cycle I and cycle III seen from the class averages of (2.30), (3.00), (3.60) and an increase in mastery of learning outcomes in language skills from cycles I and cycle II by 30% increased in cycle II to 75% and cycle III to 100%. The application of an effective storytelling method to improve language skills for early childhood in group B of Baitul A'la Lubuklinggau Kindergarten, this is reflected in an increase in communication skills and social action.
Waqf Substantial Contribution Toward the Public Healthcare Sector in the Ottoman Empire
Authors: Iskandar Iskandar , Irsyamuddin Dadang , Dwiyan Esa , Ihsan Hidayatul
Published: May 2023

Health is conclusively proven as an essential element in sustainable development. The great civilization unexceptionally has excellent environmental health issues as physical and mental care is fundamental to human development. In the peak period of the Ottoman Empire, public healthcare was significantly implemented by the waqf fund as an alternative to hospital financial support. Sulaymaniye complex was an example that consists of two mausoleums, two specialist schools (one of which is for the study of medicine and the other for the study of hadith), a Quranic school for children, a hospital, a hostel, a public kitchen, a public bath, an inn, and few rows of small shops. This medical school was also the introductory formal teaching workspace in the Ottoman era. However, heretofore no in-depth descriptive report on the Ottoman waqf management in the health sector is found. In fact, along with Islamic history, the government, and people both honored a collective role in the development of each appropriate instrument of waqf. This study attempts to analyze systematically the role of waqf in public healthcare facilities during the Ottoman Empire. Detailed data from books, articles, research reports, and archives were captured to support this library study.
Komunikasi Atarbudaya Studi Deskriptif Adaptasi Santri Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor
Authors: Ubaydillah Abi Nur
Published: May 2023

Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Memilki ribuan santri dengan latar belakang budaya yang bermacam macam, dan berdasarkan jalur masuknya para santri Pondok Modern Darusslam Gontor dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu Intensif dan Reguler,  pada tahun ajaran 2022 M/1444 H total jumlah seluruh santri di Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor kampus pusat ada 4632 santri dan santri dari Jakarta dan Bogor merupakan santri terbanyak di Pondok Gontor Pusat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adaptasi yang terjadi pada santri kelas 3 dan 3 intensif KMI dalam konteks komunikasi antarbudaya di PMDG dan mengetahui faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi adaptasi budaya santri kelas tiga dan 3 intensif KMI di PMDG. Teori yang digunakan adalah Komunikasi Antarbudaya  dan lima faktor adaptasi meneurut Young Yun Kim. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode metode grounded research dan teknik studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan studi lapangan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan cara Reduksi Data, Penyajian Data atau Display Data kemudian Kesimpulan dan Verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa santri PMDG Konsulat Jakarta kelebihan dalam beradaptasi dan berkomunikasi antar budaya dari santri Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Konsulat Bogor ditinjau dari 5 faktor adaptasi yang dikemukakan oleh Young Yun Kim.
Factores asociados a síndrome confusional agudo en adultos mayores en una unidad geriátrica de agudos de Lima Perú
Authors:   , Sanchez Leguia Gabriela , Sullca Beltrame Siarella Marleni
Published: May 2023

Antecedente y Objetivo: El síndrome confusional agudo (SCA) o también llamado delirium es la causa más común de disfunción cognitiva aguda en adultos mayores hospitalizados, se caracteriza por una aparición súbita de la alteración de la conciencia. Existen escasos estudios nacionales sobre prevalencia y factores asociados a SCA, en una Unidad Geriátrica de Agudos (UGA) peruana. Material y Métodos: El presente trabajo es un estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. Se incluyeron adultos mayores de 60 años, que ingresaron a la UGA del Hospital Militar Geriátrico (HMG) en el período de julio a octubre del 2022; se excluyeron pacientes que no cuenten con autorización para participar en el estudio brindada por él o su familiar responsable. Los datos recolectados se procesaron en el programa Microsoft Excel para el posterior análisis mediante el programa STATA v.14. Se realizó el cálculo de Odds Ratios (OR) mediante regresión logística, con intervalos de confianza del 95% y valores de p significativos (< 0.05). Resultados: En el transcurso de estudio se hospitalizaron en la Unidad Geriátrica de Agudos del Hospital Militar Geriátrico un total de 100 pacientes mayores de 60 años de julio a octubre del 2022, la media de la edad fue 83 años y 55 pacientes tuvieron SCA de los cuales 16 fueron mujeres. Los factores asociados al desarrollo de este síndrome fueron la edad, sexo, anemia, demencia, deficiencia visual, deficiencia auditiva, cuidador acompañante, dismovilidad, dependencia funcional, comorbilidad, con un (p<0,005). Conclusiones: Los factores que aumentan la razón entre adultos mayores con SCA versus no SCA fueron deficiencia auditiva, dependencia funcional y dismovilidad; y aquellos factores que disminuyeron esta razón fueron anemia, demencia, cuidador acompañante, deficiencia visual, y comorbilidad.