bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINATION OF IMPORTANT VARIABELS IN DIVORCE TYPE CLASSIFICATION USING THE RANDOM FOREST METHOD WITH SMOTE
Authors: Siregar Dania , Bintang Mahesa Wardana  , Ahmad Syauqi Baihaqy  , Liswatun Naimah  , Dini Safitri  , Almira Nindya Putri
Published: January 2025

Central Jakarta is highly strategic area situated at the heart of the Indonesian capital. It serves as the central hub for the government, history, tourism, and elite shopping sectors with convenient access to various buffer areas surrounding the capital. However, the availability of these facilities does not necessarily ensure the continuity of domestic life within the community. This can be observed from the increasing divorce rate in the region since 2017. Notably, a higher proportion of divorce suits are filed by wives than by husbands. There are various factors that can trigger divorce lawsuits such as continuous disputes and arguments, economic factors, and domestic violence. And these factors certainly cannot be separated from the individual profiles of married couples such as age, occupation, education level, and duration of marriage. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of importance of the variables used in the classification of wife-initiated divorce and husband-initiated divorce of married couples in the Central Jakarta area through the Random Forest method. Random Forest is a development of the CART (Classification and Regression Tree) method obtained through the application of bootstrap aggregating and random feature selection methods to the standard CART method. The number of wife-initiated divorce cases exceeds that of husband-initiated divorce cases, necessitating the use of SMOTE technique to address the imbalance in the data set. The results showed that the most important variable used to classify divorce cases was the plaintiff's age followed by the defendant's occupation, the defendant's age, and the plaintiff's occupation.
The Myth of al-Ghazālī and Islamic Decline: A Historical Clarification and Review
Authors: Mahmuluddin Mahmuluddin
Published: January 2025

This study aims to investigate the causes of the decline of science in the Islamic world, considering three conventional theses proposed by liberal Muslim and Western intellectuals: internal and external factors. The first thesis attributes the decline to Al-Ghazālī’s supposed rejection of science as depicted in his Tahāfut al-falāsifa (The Incoherence of the Philosophers), followed by the Islamic world, leading to its decline. Meanwhile, the second thesis identifies the Mongol invasion of Baghdad in 1258 as the main cause. The last thesis stated that the decline causes by the banning of printing press by Ottoman Empire specifically at the time of Sultan Bayezid II in 1485 and Selim I in 1515. Applying historical analysis method, this research seeks to uncover the truth behind these theses by examining relevant literature. Surprisingly, the results contradict the initial assumptions. The first thesis is rejected as Al-Ghazālī did not reject science but rather supported it. His views were misunderstood by his detractors. Additionally, after the Al-Ghazali era, science and philosophy continued to thrive in the Islamic world. Similarly, the second thesis is also refuted as science and philosophy persisted and developed despite the Mongol invasion of Baghdad. Within a year of the invasion, the Maragha Observatory was established under the guidance of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, a renowned Muslim scientist. This observatory became a global scientific hub, making significant contributions to mathematics and astronomy. The final proposition is similarly dismissed, as the Ottoman Sultans did not categorically dismiss the concept of the printing press; instead, they opted for a temporary restriction on its utilization within particular societal segments. This action was motivated by the apprehension that unrestricted access to the printing press among specific groups could possibly result in adverse political and economic outcomes for the larger Muslim community. To offer an alternative perspective, this study utilizes Janet Abu-Lughod’s European hegemonic approach, stemming from Immanuel Wallerstein’s world-system theory. By applying this approach, the author argues that the waning of scientific advancement in the Islamic world can be traced back to Western hegemony and its dominance over the Muslim realm.
Cambios dimensionales de las vías aéreas por uso de aparatos funcionales fijos en maloclusión clase II en crecimiento: una revisión sistemática
Authors:   , De Fina Ramirez Katia Jhazmin
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: Determinar los cambios dimensionales de las vías aéreas (VA) por el uso de aparatos funcionales fijos (AFF) en pacientes con maloclusión Clase II en crecimiento. Materiales y Métodos: La búsqueda se realizó en cinco bases de datos electrónica (PubMed, Scopus, Embase Cochrane Library y LILACS) hasta abril de 2022. Las mediciones de volumen, áreas o distancias de VA global o por regiones retropalatina (RP), nasofaringe (NF), orofaringe (OF), hipofaringe (HP) y laringofaringe (LF) se analizó con radiografías intragrupos o intergrupos frente a tratamiento de ortodoncia fija (TOF) o sin tratamiento (ST). El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó con Newcastle-Ottawa (NOS). Resultados: De 754 artículos, se incluyeron 6 estudios de cohortes. Por lo menos un parámetro de VA aumentó por AFF, se encontró mejores resultados en el aérea de la orofaringe, las dimensiones aéreas aumentaron significativamente con Herbst sin o con TOF (↑12,9%-139,2%), Forsus con TOF (↑28,7%) y MARA con TOF (↑22,6%-61%), con resultados significativos en cinco de ellos (P<0,05). El incremento osciló en volumen (14,8%-139,2%), áreas (24,1%-61%) y distancias (12,9%-39,3%) y por región de RP (26,2%-100,7%), NF (7,8%-20,4%), OF (5,3%-139,2%) y LF (24,8%-94,7%). Cuatro cohortes mostraron valores superiores significativos del volumen y distancia de OF y LF y área transversal con Herbst con o sin TOF y MARA con TOF que frente a TOF o ST (P<0,05). La mayoría de los estudios tuvieron riesgo bajo (n=4) que alto (n=2). Conclusión: Los AFF Herbst, MARA y Forsus aplicados a maloclusión Clase II en crecimiento produjeron beneficios en las VA, sobre todo, aumentando el volumen de OF que frente ST o TOF.
Calidad del sueño y estrés laboral en el personal de enfermería en centros de salud de Lima Sur - 2023
Authors:   , Jara Ventocilla Gisela Elizabeth , Cueva Ccoa Soraya Sofia
Published: January 2025

El profesional de enfermería es el encargado a brindar los cuidados de manera oportuna a los pacientes, sin embargo, esta labor exige una mayor responsabilidad al trabajar con personas, ya que se suscitan diversas situaciones que acarrean estrés en el ámbito laboral, ocasionando problemas que influyen en la calidad de sueño, una necesidad de vital importancia. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la calidad del sueño y estrés laboral en el personal de enfermería en centros de salud de Lima Sur. Metodología: Esta investigación fue aplicada, diseño no experimental, enfoque cuantitativo, de nivel correlacional y corte transversal; se aplicaron los dos instrumentos fueron el “Índice de Calidad de Sueño de Pittsburgh” y “Maslach Burnout Inventory”, con una población de 108 personas entre profesionales y técnicos de enfermería. Resultados: Se evidencio una mala calidad de sueño (86.1%) y un alto estrés laboral (85.2%). De acuerdo a la prueba exacta de Fisher hay una relación significativa entre las variables planteadas (p<0.05). Conclusión: Se encontró una relación estadística significativa entre la calidad de sueño y estrés laboral del personal de enfermería.
A cost-benefit analysis of using wastewater monitoring to guide typhoid vaccine campaigns
Authors: Keshaviah Aparna , Akram Ali , Rizmie Dheeya , Raxter Ian , Hasan Rezaul , Rahman Ziaur , Suchana Afroza Jannat , Jahan Farjana , Rahman Aninda , Rahman Mahbubur , Rahman Mahbubur , Diamond Megan B. , D'Agostino Anthony Louis
Published: January 2025

Introduction Diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of child mortality yet are highly preventable. Typhoid vaccines remain underutilized, and diagnostic capacity constraints impede treatment and prevention. Wastewater monitoring could provide a more accurate picture of disease burden if methods to detect and quantify Salmonella Typhi in wastewater are advanced. To motivate why countries should invest to improve wastewater testing methods, we conducted a cost-benefit analysis, quantifying the value this approach could yield. Methods We estimated benefits that could accrue if wastewater data informed the early launch of a theoretical typhoid vaccine campaign in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. After empirically estimating the lead-time advantage of wastewater data over clinical data to flag case upticks, we simulated changes in case counts from a 1- to 14-day early campaign launch, using ordinary differential equation modeling. We quantified benefits resulting from averted cases (from preserved caregiver time, school days, and wages), hospitalizations (from savings to public funds), and deaths (using the value of statistical life). We then calculated how cumulative benefits, costs, and the ratio of the two varied by campaign launch timing scenario over a five-year period. Results Wastewater concentrations of Salmonella Typhi upticked 1 to 13 days before case counts. Cumulative benefits varied by year and launch timing. With a 13-day early launch, every $100 spent on wastewater monitoring could yield $295 in societal benefits by year 5. Cumulative benefits roughly equaled cumulative costs with a 5-day early launch and outweighed costs when the campaign was launched even earlier. Conclusion If wastewater data can be advanced to reliably provide early warnings of new typhoid outbreaks, governments could reap large benefits that more than justify spending on program implementation. Our findings could generalize to other high-aid countries that, like Bangladesh, experience routine diarrheal outbreaks and have strong operational networks.
Carbon emission reductions due to high-temperature stress are insufficient to offset carbon sequestration losses
Authors: Jing Changqing , Shao Yuqing , de Voorde Tim Van , Hamdi Rafiq , Yuan Xiuliang
Published: January 2025

Global warming has intensified the frequency and intensity of high-temperature stress (HS) events in terrestrial ecosystems, impacting both carbon sequestration through photosynthesis and carbon emissions through respiration. However, the net effect of HS on ecosystem carbon balance remains unclear. This study identifies, global HS thresholds for gross primary productivity (GPP) and terrestrial ecosystem respiration (TER) using a novel impact-based approach (i.e., high-temperature severely limits and adversely affects photosynthesis and respiration). We found that GPP is more susceptible to HS than TER, with HS-driven carbon emission reductions not being sufficient to offset the carbon sequestration losses in recent decades (observations and CMIP6 show offsets of only 30% and 47%, respectively). Projected future scenarios show contrasting outcomes: under SSP1-2.6, HS events are expected to decrease in frequency and intensity relative to historical levels, yet total net carbon sequestration reduction due to HS is projected to be twice that under SSP5-8.5. These findings highlight the urgency of optimal climate adaptation strategies.
Estimating temporal likelihood of archaeological sites in prehistoric Denmark combining typochronological and radiocarbon data
Authors: Bilotti Giacomo
Published: January 2025

The surge in data availability and methodological advancements over the last decades has enabled archaeologists to develop more robust data-driven models, which are essential for reconstructing ancient human history. However, despite their potential, these datasets pose significant challenges due to their heterogeneity and inherent uncertainties. A common limitation is the low chronological resolution of many datasets, which often compels archaeologists to rely on proxies such as radiocarbon date frequency distributions to study variations in occupation intensity. While this approach is widely used, it necessitates a large number of radiocarbon samples to construct probability curves, leading to a considerable loss of spatial resolution. To address these challenges, I propose a novel method that combines typochronological and radiocarbon datasets, preserving both temporal and spatial resolution while accounting for uncertainty. Each relatively dated site is assigned a simulated calendar date within its chronological span, based on the cumulative probability distribution of locally available radiocarbon data. The results are grouped into uniform time windows, with each site assigned a likelihood of belonging to each time period. The efficacy and functionality of the method are demonstrated using toy data, with the results compared to outputs from alternative methods. Finally, the method is applied to four case studies from prehistoric Denmark (4000 − 500 BC), showcasing its potential in addressing long-standing challenges in archaeological modelling. The results show that despite the known global trends, local variation is observed in the four different sub-regions considered.
A five-stage protocol for systematic measuring and monitoring soil carbon and greenhouse gas fluxes in complex estates
Authors: Zani Caio Fernandes , Barneze Arlete S. , Manning David A. C.
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims
Plant-soil interactions are critical in governing soil carbon (C) stocks and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, but they vary significantly across land uses, soil types, and soil management practices. Finding potential intervention that could enhance soil C and GHG fluxes relies on reliable baseline data that capture these variations. Complex estates, characterised by such heterogeneous conditions, require standardised protocols to ensure reproducibility and comparability across sites.
Methods
This study introduces a five-stage protocol for systematically measuring and monitoring soil C stocks (including organic and inorganic forms) and GHG fluxes. The protocol is designed for "Time-Zero" (T = 0) baseline assessments and the strategic selection of monitoring sites for long-term soil sampling and GHG flux measurements. The approach was tested at RAF Leeming (Yorkshire, UK), a estate with varied land uses, soil types, and management practices.
Results
The protocol provides a rigorous, reproducible and adaptable framework for obtaining robust baseline data. It facilitates the quantification of soil C and GHG fluxes, while it can guide site-specific interventions, ensuring that aspects such as plant and soil interactions are considered for comparability purposes. Its design is scalable, with applications extending to urban areas, military installations, airports, and other managed estates.
Conclusions
The proposed protocol enables standardised, transparent soil C and GHG monitoring to meet internationally accepted standards. We advocate for its broad implementation across estates with varying land uses and soil characteristics to support sustainable soil management and climate mitigation efforts.
The Evolution of Consumer Emotions in Response to Rhetorical Strategies in Corporate Social Responsibility Advertising: Evidence from Chinese Social Networks Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: wang jianguo , sun xixiang , zhang wei , jia yige , li you
Published: January 2025

In the post-pandemic era, the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) advertising and consumer emotions has become a significant research focus within the CSR field. This study employs the BERTopic model and SnowNLP sentiment analysis, utilizing the Python 3.10 system to mine data from Weibo, to deeply explore how rhetorical themes in text affect the relationship between CSR advertising and consumer emotions. The findings reveal that: (1) CSR advertising has shifted from declarative expressions to pun-based rhetorical themes, with puns becoming the primary communication strategy; (2) Influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, the context created by CSR advertising has gradually shifted from urging immediate consumption behaviors in the "present" to advocating that current actions can have a positive impact on the "future"; (3) Consumers show a strong enthusiasm and interest in CSR advertisements that use puns for marketing communication, far exceeding that for other rhetorical strategies.
Intelligent Identification Analysis and Process Design for Highly Similar Categories- Using Platycerium as an Example
Authors: Chen Li-Wei , Lin Wei-Lun
Published: January 2025

This study addresses the challenges of image recognition in datasets with high inter-class similarity, using 18 native species of Platycerium as a case study. Due to the substantial visual similarities within the dataset, initial training using the ResNet50 model yielded a baseline accuracy of less than 10%, highlighting the complexity of the task. To address this, a comprehensive analysis was conducted using multidimensional confusion matrices, identifying seven primary confusion factors, including image edges, textures, and shapes. The dataset was then stratified into processed images, optimized for confusion factors such as saturation, brightness, and sharpening, and unprocessed original images. Besides, a refinement process is also proposed to discover ambiguous classes and further processes are also performed, which resulted in significant improvements in recognition accuracy, demonstrating the efficacy of confusion factor analysis in enhancing model performance. The findings underscore the importance of feature selection and grouped analysis in recognizing highly similar images. By systematically addressing confusion factors, this study offers a robust framework for optimizing recognition accuracy in challenging datasets, providing valuable insights and strategies for advancing image recognition technologies.
Feature-Driven Malware Detection using Cascade Machine Learning Models
Authors: Mahato Anisha , Majumdar Rana , Ghosh Swarup Kr
Published: January 2025

Malware proliferation continues to jeopardize global data security and user privacy, necessitating robust detection and classification mechanisms. In this research, we propose Malware Detection using Cascade Machine Learning (MDCML) classifier designed to detect anomalies in Portable Executable (PE) files and classify them into malware families with high precision. The model integrates three machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest, Bagging and Boosting, fine-tuned through extensive hyperparameter optimization, significantly enhancing detection and classification performance. To extract features from raw textual data, we have utilized a TF-IDF-based inter-class dispersion architecture, transforming unstructured opcode data into structured feature maps that emphasize contextual importance. The model employs gradient descent with regularization to iteratively minimize the loss function and prevent overfitting, achieving sublinear regret and convergence toward optimal performance.The proposed model is validated using the public Big 2015 dataset, which includes approximately 10,000 files spanning nine malware families. The study included comprehensive experimentation on both binary classification (Malware vs. Benign) and multi-class classification tasks. Performance was evaluated across diverse sample sizes, execution times, and optimization strategies to ensure robust analysis. An accuracy of 98.97% highlights the superior performance of the proposed framework over traditional machine learning models, showcasing significant advancements. This research underscores the concept of the hybrid MDCML classifier in improving malware detection and classification, thereby enhancing data security and privacy.
MCMC Approach for Orbit Determination of Visual Binaries
Authors: Nouh Mohamed I. , El-Essawy Samah H. , Soliman Ahmed A. , Abdel-Rahman Helal I. , Abd-Elmougod Gamal A.
Published: January 2025

A key component of astrophysics study is determining visual binary orbits, which allows for accurate measurements of star masses and provides information on the mass-luminosity relationship. Conventional orbit determination techniques like Kowalsky's method and Thiele-Innes elements sometimes have trouble processing sparse or noisy data. To tackle these issues, this work presents a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) framework, which provides a reliable and probabilistic method for orbital parameter refinement. The process combines statistical probability assessments with iterative sampling to solve Kepler's equation and calculate ephemerides. Two test orbits with different eccentricities and inclinations were used to verify the framework, showing that it effectively lowered errors and closely matched observational data. The findings demonstrate the versatility of the MCMC approach, its accuracy in orbit refining, and possible use in more complex star systems, such as circumbinary planets and hierarchical triples.
Analyzing the Influence of Graphene and Print Parameters on Pla-graphene Composites Using the Taguchi Method
Authors: Passari Émerson , Lauermann Carlos H. , Bortoli Tiago J. , Nonemacher Bruno , Silva Luiz F. S. , Kulman Cristiano
Published: January 2025

This study explores the influence of graphene addition on the mechanical behavior of polylactic acid (PLA) filaments fabricated using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), emphasizing the effects of graphene reinforcement and key printing parameters. A Taguchi L32 experimental design was utilized to systematically evaluate the impacts of infill density, layer height, print speed, and print angle on mechanical properties, including yield strength, fracture strength, Young’s modulus, and deformation at yield and break. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified graphene, infill density, and print angle as the most significant factors. Results revealed that the addition of graphene notably enhanced mechanical properties, with yield strength increasing by up to 9.88% (29.7 MPa) and Young’s modulus improving by 10.31% (0.88 GPa). However, graphene addition reduced ductility, as evidenced by lower deformation at break compared to pure PLA. Optimal parameter combinations, such as 30% infill density, 0.2 mm layer height, and 0° print angle, yielded the best mechanical performance. This study uniquely demonstrates the potential of combining graphene reinforcement with optimized print parameters to enhance the strength and stiffness of PLA composites. These findings underscore the viability of graphene-reinforced PLA for industrial applications demanding materials with superior mechanical properties while addressing the trade-off between stiffness and ductility in advanced manufacturing.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Voriconazole in Non-Elderly and Elderly Patients: A prospective Observational Study
Authors: Zhou Li-Juan , He Meng , Li Min , Li Hui-Hong , Zhang Wei , Zhang Kai , Li Ying , Gao Yan-Qiu , Guo Zhi-Qiang , Cheng Long
Published: January 2025

Background
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of voriconazole (VCZ) was strongly recommended due to the highly variable drug exposure. The VCZ serum trough concentration (VCZ-Cmin) was affected by multiple factors, which made dosage adjustments more challenging. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the variability of VCZ-Cmin in critically ill elderly patients.
Method
A prospective observational study was conducted at Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, which included 427 elderly patients (aged 60 years and above) and 114 non-elderly patients (aged 18–60 years). The initial VCZ-Cmin, correlation of various factors, and risk prediction factors for VCZ-Cmin and hepatotoxicity were compared between elderly and non-elderly patients.
Results
The Cmin was significantly higher in the elderly group in comparison with the non-elderly group (p < 0.01).Total bilirubin (TBIL), the daily voriconazole (VCZ) dose, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and albumin were correlated with VCZ-Cmin in the elderly group (all p < 0.05). IL-6, the average daily dose, PCT, albumin, VCZ route of administration, and CRP were significant factors influencing VCZ-Cmin in elderly patients (p < 0.05). VCZ-Cmin, albumin, AST, and TBIL exerted a significant effect on hepatotoxicity in elderly patients.
Conclusions
A VCZ individualised dosage in elderly patients should be based on these specific factors before VCZ administration. Furthermore, TDM after starting treatment should be monitored early to avoid hepatotoxicity.
Effects of 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and 28-Homobrassinolide on the Physiological Characteristics，gene expression and Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids Accumulation in Catharanthus roseus Cambial Meristematic Cell Cultures
Authors: Fu Fangfang , Li Haihua , Ling Li , Li Jiahe , Chen Yifei , Hu Weijie , Li Jiayu , Ou Lin , Chen Zhaoxi , Li Jun , Zhou Pengfei
Published: January 2025

Compared with callus culture, Catharanthus roseus (CAT) cambial meristematic cells (CMCs) cultured in vitro exhibit high production of pharmacologically active terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIA). Elicitors can significantly promote the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plant cells. However, the regulation of alkaloid biosynthesis in C. roseus CMCs by elicitors 2-Hydroxypropyl- β-cyclodextrin (H-β-CD) and 28-Homobrassinolide (HBL) is still unknown. Therefore, we established a new cambial meristematic cell line, named C. roseus CMCs-2, and investigated the effects of H-β-CD and HBL individually or in combination on the TIA content of CMCs in Erlenmeyer flasks (100, 250 and 500 mL) or in a 5-L airlift bioreactor.CMCs cultured in the bioreactor and treated with 10.0 g/L H-β-CD and 150 μg/L HBL gave the highest yields of vindoline (4.89 mg/L), catharanthine (2.49 mg/L) vinblastine (3.96 mg/L) and ajmalicine (3.87 mg/L), concentrations that were 241, 277, 165 and 110 % higher, respectively, than yields of CMCs cultured in 100-mL flasks without elicitors. These results indicated that CMCs cultured in the bioreactor exhibited enhanced production of vindoline, catharanthine, vinblastine and ajmalicine than those cultured in flasks. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that H-β-CD and HBL up-regulated transcription levels of genes related to the biosynthesis of TIAs. These results imply that H-β-CD and HBL can boost TIA production in CMCs, thereby indicating that C. roseus CMCs have considerable potential as an industrial platform for the production of bioactive TIAs.
Visualization of fluorescently labeled lipase distribution characteristics at the oil–water interface
Authors: Du Xian , Zhang Chunxiao , Peng Biyu
Published: January 2025

A method based on fluorescently labeled enzyme proteins was established to visualize the absorption properties of lipase at the oil–water interface, and it can be used for the effective observation of the distribution characteristics of lipase at the oil–water interface. The optimal conditions for observation include the following: oil content of 10–20% (wt%), concentration of fluorescently labelled enzyme protein of 0.25 mg/mL, reaction temperature of 25℃–30°C, emulsion dispersion and stirring time of 10 min, and emulsion resting time of 30–120 s. Based on this method, a preliminary analysis of the effects of oil and lipase species on the distribution characteristics of lipase at the oil–water interface was performed. The results reveal that differences in the distributions of lipase at the oil–water interface of various fats and oils had a certain degree of correspondence with their specificity and that the distribution characteristics of the lipases on the surface of olive oil enabled effective catalytic hydrolysis to a certain extent. This method is a more objective guide for the development of lipase application technology in the fields of tanning, fur making, glue making, detergents, sewage treatment and so on.
Mechanisms for improved high-speed processability of active layer materials in bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaics
Authors: Min Jie , Xiao Bo , Sun Rui , Wan Ji , Wu Xiaohei , Yang Xinrong , Zhao Jiangtong , Ma Yunlong , Zheng Qingdong , Xiao Biao
Published: January 2025

High-speed coating of organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials enables rapid production on a large scale, markedly reducing manufacturing costs. However, chemists and materials scientists have been mainly concerned with the device efficiency and stability issues of OPV materials, with minimal attention given to their high-speed coating capabilities. Herein we systematically investigated the high-speed coating capabilities of the active layer systems based on twenty-six small molecule acceptors (SMAs), including PCBM series, ITIC series, M3 series, and Y6 series. Through an extensive analysis of fluid dynamics simulations, film formation dynamics, and Hansen solubility parameters of relevant OPV materials, we evaluated their A_h (Affinity to high-throughput fabrication) values. Importantly, key SMA-structural features related to crystallization behavior of OPVmaterials during high-speed manufacturing were identified, which indicates the path for promoting the high-speed coating tolerance of OPV materials. This research underscores the importance of integrating high-speed coating properties into material design and D/A matching, facilitating the development of next-generation OPV materials.
Analysis of the temperature evolution of the canned motor with spiral tube heat exchanger in secondary water supply blackout fault
Authors: Ai Li-Kun , Lu Yi-Ping
Published: January 2025

In a canned motor with a spiral tube heat exchanger for a nuclear main pump, if the secondary cooling water suddenly fails, the temperature of the lubricating water and motor winding insulation must not exceed the alarm or permitted value (95°C or 200°C) within the 5-minute response time for safe operation. Therefore, it is crucial to predict the transient characteristics of the temperature distribution of the cooling water and the main components. In this paper, a finite-volume conjugate 3D thermal model is proposed to predict the steady-state/unsteady temperature fields of the small-capacity canned motor for a nuclear main pump. The temperature development characteristics of the main components and the primary / secondary water are analyzed under rated conditions with cold ambient parameters (CAP) in the event of a secondary water supply blackout (SWSB) failure. The predicted temperatures agree well with the measured experimental data a maximum error of + 5.97%, and the maximum measured temperature rise of the stator winding insulation is 1.24 ° C in 310 s. Results show that the temperature difference between the stator/rotor cores and the shielding sleeves becomes smaller than in the steady state and its value at 310 s is not greater than 3°C. The temperature of the coolant in the nuclear main pump under the motor bottom has an increasing influence on the motor bottom lubricating water temperature over time during transient SWSB failure conditions. It provides a reference for the thermal design of canned motors for nuclear main pumps.
Affordable Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection of PCA3 for Early Prostate Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Raj Divakar , Wadhwa Shikha , Roy Souradeep , Kumar Arun , Kumar Dhruv , Kant Krishna , Pojprapai Soodkhet , Mathur Ashish
Published: January 2025

Prostate cancer frequently goes undetected at its early stage and it’s a major concern in male population. To address this challenge, we provide a new approach based on electrochemical biosensing for efficient detection of prostate cancer using PCA3 DNA biomarkers. Initially, screen-printed paper electrodes were fabricated and further modified by gold graphene quantum dots (Au-GQD), which were synthesized by domestic microwave method utilizing dextrose, trisodium citrate, and chloroauric acid. Au-GQD established an electrochemical sensing platform for DNA hybridization assay. Further, a grabbing PCA3 probe DNA was immobilized and characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The developed sensor enables the detection of PCA3 biomolecules. The sensing platform exhibits an excellent limit of detection (LoD) of 1.37 fM and 1.41 fM by CV and EIS, respectively. The limit of quantification (LoQ) is 4.08 and 4.27, respectively, within a wide linear range of detection (100 nM − 100 fM). The stability of the fabricated sensor was also scrutinized for up to 40 days. The proposed sensor effectively recognized PCA3 biomarker in real urine amidst various interferents. In future, the sensing platform could improve the prognosis of the disease by enabling early-stage identification.
Ecological land evolution index: An improved approach to characterize the process of ecological land evolution
Authors: Xie Yifan , Liu Sui , Tong Zhaomin , Zhang Lin , Pang Bowen , Huang He , An Rui , Lu Yanchi , Cui Yao , Liu Yaolin , Liu YanFang
Published: January 2025

Background
Ecological land evolution is essential in shaping regional landscape patterns, influencing ecosystem processes, and altering ecosystem functions. However, existing indices inadequately quantify both ecological land degradation and restoration patterns, particularly regarding patch-scale dynamics related to connectivity and fragmentation. This study aimed to propose the Ecological Land Evolution Index (ELEI), a novel metric designed to comprehensively assess the spatiotemporal intricacies of ecological land evolution at the patch level. By integrating spatial proximity and ecological connectivity, ELEI offers a more refined and holistic evaluation compared to traditional landscape indices, thereby enhancing our comprehension of these dynamic evolution processes.
Results
Utilizing four temporal snapshots (1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020) of land use raster data from the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (UAMRYR) in China, we applied ELEI to assess patterns of ecological land restoration(ELR) and degradation(ELD). The results demonstrate significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in ecological land evolution. Cities such as YCH, HY, and JJ showed large-scale ecological restoration, primarily driven by the expansion of connecting and infilling patches. In contrast, highly urbanized areas like WH and CS exhibited severe fragmentation, particularly in the form of fragmented and enclosed patches. The data also revealed significant shifts in ELR and ELD distributions, with fragmentation intensifying from 2000 to 2010, followed by signs of reversal in the subsequent decade due to large-scale restoration initiatives. Compared to other indices, ELEI provides a more in-depth and comprehensive understanding of ecological land dynamics in rapidly urbanizing areas, identifying regions where restoration efforts have succeeded and where degradation continues.
Conclusions
This studying demonstrated ELEI’s effectiveness in identifying key areas of restoration and degradation, offering crucial insights for policymakers striving to balance economic development and ecological conservation. Additionally, the use of ELEI variants (Mean ELEI (MELEI) and Area-Weighted Mean ELEI (AWMELEI)) highlights their value in tracking spatial connectivity and degradation over time, providing a valuable tool for regional conservation planning and landscape management.
INFLAMMATORY MARKERS AS PREDICTORS OF EFFICACY OF BEVACIZUMAB AND TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS THERAPY IN METASTATIC NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Vynnychenko Oleksandr , Moskalenko Yuliia
Published: January 2025

Introduction. An essential role in the formation and development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is played by systemic inflammation, which indirectly affects neoangiogenesis, proliferation, disease recurrence, and tumor spreading and can modulate the response to medication therapy. Clinical monitoring of inflammatory markers may help predict the outcome of the disease and allow select the most suitable candidates for targeted therapy of metastatic NSCLC (mNSCLC).
The study aimed to establish independent predictors of the efficacy of bevacizumab and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) therapy affecting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in mNSCLC patients.
Materials and methods. One hundred nine patients with mNSCLC who received bevacizumab or TKI therapy at the Sumy Regional Clinical Oncology Center participated in the retrospective study. We obtained data on patients' age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, number of metastases and their localization, category T and category N, and the applied treatment regimen from primary medical records. Based on complete blood count and chemistry tests, inflammatory indices were calculated: neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), metastatic lung cancer index (ALI), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), systemic inflammation index (SII) and index of hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocytes, and platelets (HALP). ROC analysis was used to establish the predictive value of indices and cut-off values. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Log-rank test assessed the effect on survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine independent predictors of treatment efficacy.
The results. SII demonstrated a statistically significant impact on PFS and OS. Patients with low SII had longer PFS (Log-rank 0.0016) and OS (Log-rank P=0.0083). Median PFS in patients with low SII was 9.8 months versus 7.0 months in patients with high SII. Median OS in patients with low SII was 13.9 months versus 9.1 months in patients with high SII. Smoking status (P=0.001), category N (P=0.034), and SII (P=0.018) can be considered independent predictors of PFS and OS. Patients with high SII, current and former smokers, and those whose category N is 2 or 3 have a worse prognosis.
Conclusions. SII is an independent predictor of the efficacy of bevacizumab and TKI therapy affecting PFS and OS in mNSCLC patients. A low SII correlates with better survival and a favorable impact on patient outcomes. In addition to SII, smoking status and category N are independent predictors of survival.
FUR GENE EXPRESSION AND ITS RELATION WITH IRON-RESPONSIVE GENES IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ISOLATES FROM WOUNDS AND BURNS
Authors: Sattar Uhud Abdul , Resha Rasmiya A. Abu
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known as opportunistic and results in a variety of infections by the acquisition of iron from the host by iron-responsive genes, which are known as Pvd and Pch. Expression of these genes is controlled by a gene known as Fur, which is responsible for the regulation of genes mentioned above under iron availability conditions. This research aimed to study the relationship between Fur and iron-responsive genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa under iron availability in order to use the iron in different concentrations to prevent and inhibit infections by P. aeruginosa.
Materials and methods. Forty isolates were collected and identified by culture and biochemical tests based on growth characteristics on ordinary culture media like blood, macConkey and cetrimide agar. Colonies of isolates appeared as large, irregular beta-hemolytic on blood agar, while they appeared colorless with a positive oxidase test on macConkey, and on a cetrimide agar, they appeared greenish. A biochemical test was achieved to confirm the pathogen is P. aeruginosa; results showed indol negative, citrate positive, urease negative, motility positive, and lastly, no fermentation of glucose and lactose. PCR was also used to confirm these isolates as P. aeruginosa by detection of 16SrRNA as a reference gene. Different iron concentrations were prepared by equation c1v1=c2v2; then, the bacteria were cultured in sterile brain heart infusion with different iron concentrations and incubated for 24 h at 37 ℃. qPCR was performed on these isolates to assess the effect of Fur on gene expression of target genes under iron availability conditions.
Results. Results showed that iron-responsive genes were affected by the Fur gene in some isolates but not affected in others. We conclude from these results that the Fur gene controls the gene expression of iron-responsive genes under a universal environment, and other factors are also required to regulate target genes, such as affinity, stability, and quality of the interaction between Fur and DNA and the structure of Fur boxes.
Conclusion. The prevalence of nosocomial infections caused by P. aeruginosa is increasing in Iraqi hospitals. Iron and Fur gene play an important role in the pathogenicity of bacteria because, under replete iron conditions, the Fur gene acts as an ap-oppressor and binds with iron, which acts as a co-pressor to repress expression of iron-responsive genes and vice versa to maintain the bacterial life and keeping iron homeostasis within bacteria.
Adaptation of the attitudes towards mobile-assisted language learning scale to Turkish culture and language
Authors: Bingöl Emirhan , Taşgın Adnan , Yeşilyurt Savaş
Published: January 2025

The use of technological devices, especially mobile devices, in language learning has increased the number of studies in this field. In this regard, it is essential to identify students' attitudes towards mobile-assisted language learning (MALL). Therefore, the present study aimed to translate, adapt, and validate Gönülal's (2019) attitudes towards the MALL (A-MALL) scale to the Turkish language and culture. The study included 250 EFL learners from different cities in Türkiye who completed the adapted version of the 15-item A-MALL scale. To align the assumed factor loadings as closely as possible with the target matrix, confirmatory factor analysis was performed using the original study results as a calibration example. The results revealed that the adapted A-MALL scale has acceptable fit indexes; therefore, the Turkish version of the A-MALL scale is reliable and valid.
ChatGPT-3.5 as an automatic scoring system and feedback provider in IELTS exams
Authors: Chen Xinming , Zhou Ziqian , Prado Malila
Published: January 2025

This study explores the efficacy of ChatGPT-3.5, an AI chatbot, used as an Automatic Essay Scoring (AES) system and feedback provider for IELTS essay preparation. It investigates the alignment between scores given by ChatGPT-3.5 and those assigned by official IELTS examiners to establish its reliability as an AES. It also identifies the strategies employed by ChatGPT-3.5 in revising essays based on the four IELTS rubrics: task achievement, coherence and cohesion, lexical resources, and grammatical range and accuracy. Based on pre-rated essays from an official IELTS preparatory book as a control measure to ensure objectivity, the findings indicate a discrepancy, with ChatGPT-3.5 typically assigning lower scores compared to official raters. However, ChatGPT-3.5 shows a robust capability to revise essays across all four descriptors. In addition, the effectiveness of ChatGPT-3.5 as a feedback provider may be attributed to the essay type and its widely accepted rubrics. Our study contributes to the understanding of the application of AI tools in second language writing and suggests that future studies should focus on evaluating the capacity and effectiveness of such tools in pedagogical applications.
An infrared image detection algorithm for power equipment based on search optimization for YOLOv5
Authors: Wang Xiaoqiang
Published: January 2025

Accurately analysing features in infrared images of equipment is one of the current directions in the field of power equipment detection and identification. Because infrared images of power equipment have poor resolution, low contrast, and visual blurring problems, this work proposes the use of the squirrel search algorithm to optimize the detection strategy of YOLOv5. First, due to the shortcomings of the squirrel search algorithm, which easily falls into local optima and has a slow convergence speed, in this work, the Henon Consine Seagull search algorithm (HCSSA) is proposed; this algorithm uses Henon chaotic mapping for population initialization and optimizes the predator probability based on the cosine function to improve the algorithm's performance. Second, in the YOLOv5 model, CSP_Faster is used for feature information recognition and to reduce the computational burden, the SKNet mechanism is introduced to ensure the integrity of the image feature information, the SIoU loss function in target classification is used to obtain a better classification effect, and finally, the HCSSA algorithm is optimized for the two hyperparameters of the YOLOv5 model, which are the learning rate and the weight decay. In the simulation experiments, the recognition effect of the proposed algorithm is improved by 8.87 %, 7.67 % and 5.11 % compared with those of YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and YOLOv5, respectively, which shows that the model has a better target detection effect.
About the role of St.Petersburg in the formation of mathematical analysis
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Baranov Anton D. , Lodkin Andrei A. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Podkorytov Anatolii N. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Shirokov Nikolai A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2025

The article discusses the main stages in the development of mathematical analysis in St. Petersburg in the 18th and 19th centuries. Brief biographical information and a description of the most important results of outstanding representatives of the St. Petersburg mathematical school - L. Euler, M. V. Ostrogradsky, V. Ya. Bunyakovsky, P. L.Chebyshev, Yu. V. Sokhotski, A. A. Markov - are presented.
Normal form and stability of the zero solution of a second-order periodic invertible ODE with a small parameter
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Basov Vladimir V. , Bibikov Yuri N. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2025

The problem of the stability of the zero solution of differential equation x''(t) + \beta^2 x^{2n-1}+\varepsilon b(t) x^{n - 1} x' + X(t, x, x') = 0 under the following assumptions, is considered: n is a natural number, \varepsilon is a non-negative parameter, X is real analitic in x, x', continuous and 2\pi-periodic in t function, expansion of X does not contain terms of order < 2n if the order of x' is ascribed to be equal to n. Order of x is equal to 1. Also, b(t) is continuous 2\pi-periodic odd function and X(-t, x, -x' ) = X(t, x, x'). Thus, the equation is invariant under change t \to -t. Such equations are named reversible. There are two possibilities. Either all terms of the expansion of X must be taken into consideration or only a finite number of them is needed. After Liapunov, the first case is named transcendental and the second one is named algebraic. Reversible equations are transcendental. In 2022, it was established that the trivial solution of the equation is stable if n >= 2 (\beta = 1). This paper is devoted to the case n = 1, \beta is irrational (this condition may be weakened). For proof methods of KAM-theory modified for reversible systems are used. According to this theory in any neighborhood of the origin there exist invariant two-dimension tori dividing three-dimensional phase space. This implies the stability of the trivial solution. There are some differences between application of the KAM-theory if n >= 2 and if n = 1. Small parameter is treated as one of the variables with the same order as the order of x, x' , and the obtained system can be reduced to the normal form with the constant and pure imaginary coefficients. It is shown that the normalization process is more convenient, if it is assumed that X = X(t, x, x' , \varepsilon), and its expansion starts with terms of order two or greater. The obtained formal normal form presents an interesting subject on its own. The stability is proven under condition that the first coefficient of the normal form, that doesn’t contain the small parameter, is not zero. The degenerate case, where this coefficient is a zero, requires additional research, because the main theorems of the KAM-theory cannot be applied without further modifications.