bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sultan II. Abdülhamid Dönemi Balkanları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme: Goltz Paşa’nın Balkan Meselesine Dair Görüşleri
Authors: KARA Hidayet
Published: March 2020

Sultan II. Abdülhamid tahta çıktığında, Balkanlar adeta barut fıçısını andırıyordu. Bir taraftan Balkan milletlerinin isyanları diğer taraftan bu isyanları siyasî bir araç olarak kullanan büyük devletler, Payitaht üzerinde baskı kuruyordu. Nitekim problemi savaş yoluyla çözmeye istekli olan Rusya’nın 1877 yılının ilkbaharında Osmanlı Devleti’ne savaş ilan etmesi, meseleyi farklı bir boyuta taşıdı. Savaş Osmanlı Devleti’nin Balkan topraklarının önemli bir kısmını kaybetmesiyle neticelendi. Sultan II. Abdülhamid 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus Harbi’nden sonra Balkanlarda mümkün mertebe savaşın çıkmamasına dönük bir siyaset takip etti. Bu bağlamda, Balkan milletlerinin ayrılıklarından yararlanarak bir denge siyaseti kurmaya çalıştı. Osmanlı Devleti’nin Balkan siyaseti hakkında görüşlerini belirten Goltz Paşa, Abdülhamid siyasetinin aksine diplomasinin ancak güç ile desteklenirse başarılı olacağını belirtiyordu. Bu çerçevede makalede Goltz Paşa’nın, Osmanlı Devleti’nin Balkan siyasetine dair görüşleri irdelenecektir.
Öğretmenlik Mesleğine Bağlılık Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: YILDIZ Sevilay
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının öğretmenlik mesleğine bağlılık düzeylerini geçerli ve güvenilir şekilde ölçmeyi sağlayabilecek bir ölçme aracının geliştirilmesidir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Türkiye’nin Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yer alan bir üniversitede 2018-2019 ve 2019-2020 akademik öğretim dönemlerinde öğrenim gören 4.Sınıf öğretmen adayları oluşturmaktadır. Öğretmenlik Mesleğine Bağlılık Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi sürecinde geçerlik ve güvenirlik kanıtları iki ayrı çalışma grubundan elde edilmiştir. Ölçek geliştirme sürecinde alan yazın taraması ile 56 maddelik bir madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Ağırlıklandırılmamış en küçük kareler faktör çıkartma yöntemi ve direct oblimin döndürme yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilen açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları 33 maddeden ve dört faktörden oluşan varyansın %48,14’ünü açıklayan bir yapıdır. Faktörler mesleki özdeşim, mesleki değer, mesleki çaba ve mesleki adanmışlık olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen geçerlik ve güvenirlik kanıtları yeterli bulunmuştur.
Bitcoin Alternatif Yatırım Aracı ya da Hedge Enstrümanı Olarak Düşünülebilir mi?
Authors: KUZU Serdar , ÇELİK İsmail Erkan
Published: March 2020

Finansal piyasaların ilgi noktasını oluşturan kripto para birimlerinden bitcoin’in para birimi olarak yayılması ve kullanılmasından sonra herkesin aklında, bitcoin’in bir yatırım aracı olarak ya da hedge enstrümanı olarak değerlendirilip değerlendirilemeyeceği sorusu yer almaya başlamıştır. Çalışmada kripto para birimlerinden en çok işlem hacmine sahip olan bitcoin’in alternatif yatırım araçları arasında uzun dönemli ilişkilerini ortaya koymak için istatistiki analiz yapılmış ve bununla ilgili bulgular tartışılmıştır. Birçok kripto para olmasına karşın Bitcoin’in her açısından önde gelmesi nedeniyle, bitcoin ile alternatif yatırım araçları arasında bir eş bütünleşmenin olup olmadığı ARDL testi ile ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada Bitcoin ile alternatif yatırım araçları arasında geniş kapsamda ele alan salt bir çalışma görülmediğinden dolayı bu çalışmanın yapılmasına karar verilmiştir.
Seeking Meaning in the East with Western Concepts: The Case of Public Policy
Authors: ÇİFCİ Yusuf
Published: March 2020

Concepts are contextual. The relationship between the concept and the meaning is always formed within the context of time/space and society. The contextual relationship a society develops with the concept shows the meaning the said society attributes to it. Concepts are the object of theories while theories are the subject of concepts. In the traditional period, each society used concepts and theories suitable for their contexts. However, this has changed due to modernism, with which all societies in the world have started using Western-centric concepts and theories. Engaging in scientific activities with concepts and theories imported from the West distorts the web of significance in the East or, in other words, transforms this web of significance with a Westward orientation. Moving from this point, this study examines concepts and theory of public policy imported from the West and underlines the necessity of novel concepts and theory unique to Eastern societies in the general sense and to the society of Turkey in the specific sense.
Fibrin scaffolds containing dental pulp stem cells for the repair of periodontal bone defects
Authors: Dombrovskaya Yu. A. , Enukashvily N. I. , Kotova A. V. , Bilyk S. S. , Kovalenko A. N. , Silin A. V.
Published: March 2020

Background. 3D scaffolds plays an important role in developing new approaches in modern dentistry. They are used to establish optimal conditions for cell differentiation, vascularization and remodeling of regenerating bone tissue.

Objective. Evaluation of the possibility of creating scaffolds developed on the basis of 3D modeling of periodontal bone defects and containing tooth pulp stem cells.

Materials and Methods. The computer tomography data of the maxillar bone tissue defect were analysed. Anatomical prototype — a mold representing defects of the vestibular and palatal fragments of bone tissue was created by 3D printing. This 3D form was filled with fibrin glue and dental pulp stem cells. The fibrin glue was prepared from autologous blood plasma and mixed with dental pulp stem cells.

Results. Fibrin glue prepared from an autologous plasma concentrate (fibrinogen 20 g/l) retains its shape for 4 days. On the day 5, the clot retraction became clearly visible and on the day 7, the clot diameter decreased to 50 % of the original size. The proliferation rate of cells, grown both inside the scaffold and in 2D conditions, did not differ. The immunophenotype of cells of both groups corresponded to the immunophenotype of mesenchy mal stromal cells. The mesenchymal immunophenotype is a feature of dental stem cells. Alizarin red staining of cells both grown on adhesive culture plastic and extracted from glue on day 10 after the induction of osteogenic differentiation did not differ.

Conclusion. The fibrin glue is a good material for creation a scaffold with suitable mechanical characteristics. The cells enclosed in the fibrin glue maintain their viability, immunophenotype and osteogenic potential. This technology can be used for bone tissue repair in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery.
Urban Food Crop Farming and Farm Households’ Food Security Status in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Olaleye David Tobi , Obayelu Abiodun Elijah , Ogunmola Omotoso Oluseye
Published: March 2020

Food production and supply has been on the decline in Nigeria with a consequent impact on household food security. This study examined the influence of urban farming on household food security in Oyo State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 159 farm households in a cross-sectional survey. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on socio-economic characteristics, determine the food security status of urban crop farming households in the study area, and examine the effects of urban crop production on households’ food security status. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics while the statistical tools were Food Security Index (FSI) and Probit Regression Model (PRM). Results revealed that 84.9% of the respondents was male, 81.2% married. The average age, household size, and farm size were 49.6 years, 6 persons, 1.1 hectares respectively. Most (75.5%) of the respondents did not have access to consumption credit and 62.3% did not belong to any farmers association. Based on minimum daily energy requirement per adult equivalent of N230.8, 90.6% of the farm households was food secure.

The PRM showed that age (β = -0.1, p<0.05), household size (β= -0.4, p<0.01) and economic efficiency (β = -61.6, p<0.05) reduced the probability of household food security while access to consumption credit (β= 1.7, p<0.05) and allocative efficiency (β = 67.9, p<0.05) increased the probability of household food security. The study concluded that urban farming significantly influence household food security.

JEL Classification: Q11
Determinants of Mongolian Economic Growth
Authors: Bayaraa Batchimeg
Published: March 2020

Mongolia is the second largest landlocked country, which has unique economic condition. This paper aims to examine Mongolian economic growth from 2000 until 2016 and identify its determinants. The growth was studied based on the growth rate of National Domestic Product. Initially, 20 macroeconomic variables are chosen and tested for the economic growth determinators such as; unemployment rate, human capital index, import growth, inflation rate, export growth, and interest rate, etc. The results showed that the growth rate of dollar exchange, inflation rate, and the growth rate of export were the main factors (81.4%). Mongolian GDP per capita and poverty rate were compared with other Asian lower-middle-economies, which are classified in the same classification as Mongolia. An increment of average salary was adjusted by the inflation rate, which showed the purchasing power declined in 2015. Statistics of Central Bank of Mongolia, Central Intelligence Agency, World Bank’s statistics, and the statistics from National Statistics Office of Mongolia are used for the research.

JEL Classification: H0, H30, H6, H70
The Current State of CSR in the Football Clubs of the Professional Football League in Jordan
Authors: Al-Daaja Yehia , Szabados György Norbert
Published: March 2020

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a common practice all over the world, however, social responsibility in the field of sport is still a new concept and received a little attention. This study aims to reveal the current state of social responsibility practices among the football clubs of the professional football league in Jordan. A descriptive survey method was used and a questionnaire was designed to collect the required data on three aspects (administrative, financial and CSR programs). The study found that there is a medium degree of availability of the administrative and financial aspects that activate the implementation of the CSR concept. Moreover, the study also revealed a medium degree of availability of the CSR programs offered by the selected clubs. Furthermore, the study proved that the football clubs in Jordan are aware of their social responsibility and recognize their role in the betterment of the society.

JEL Classification: C21, D24, Q12
Changes in the Relationship Between ICT Use and Economic Development in EU Member States 2010-2016
Authors: Herdon Miklós , Csordás Adrián
Published: March 2020

In this study, we examined some ICT indicators of the EU Member States between 2010 and 2016 based on data of the World Bank and Eurostat. We wanted to know, how can the EU Member States be grouped according to these indicators, and which group can Hungary belong to. With the help of international literature reviews, three indicators were chosen. According to these we created three groups (underdeveloped, developing, developed) with the K-Mean cluster method that is classified by their level of development. Interesting changes took place during the period under review. By the end of the analyzed period, six countries lost their “developed” rating among others some founding members. There were also interesting changes in the clusters. The value of some indicators increased more than 40% in some cases, surprisingly, only in one case measured reduction. The proportion of ICT specialists decreased in developing countries (by 1%). The highest growth rate was observed in the developed countries in e-commerce. Because of the high proportion of ICT professionals and the share of e-commerce in the developed cluster we assumed that service would be the dominant sector. The two-sample t-test did not confirm our hypothesis. We supposed the focus in developing countries will be on the industry, due we think the developed countries started to outsource their SSCs (shared service centers) to less developed countries. With the help of a statistical indicator, we confirmed our assumption, but the result not so convincing since the significant level is only 11%. Although we thought that the underdeveloped group of countries was based on agriculture, statistical studies did not support our hypothesis.

JEL Classification: O13, O14, O52
L’Antica Pizzeria da Michele as a Case Study of Traditional Speciality Guaranteed and International Franchising
Authors: Gatto Andrea
Published: March 2020

This work explores the case study of L’Antica Pizzeria da Michele as a best practice of traditional speciality guaranteed and international franchising. Besides being one of the most ancient and successful pizzerias in Naples, da Michele is renowned all over the world for the quality of its raw products, dough processing, and output. In the last years, da Michele also started pioneering the pizza production and commerce industry with an innovative franchising model and a new company appointed to managing this latter business. This work makes use of in-depth interviews and data collected on the field. For such scope, top managers and employees of both the local and the international companies were interviewed. The study finds that da Michele managed to become a benchmark for territorial food products and, more recently, for high-standard franchising, jumpstarting a successful brand-new company and food business project.

JEL Classification: O13, Q13, Q16, Q1
Responsible Behavior and Environmental Protection – in Case of Football Clubs
Authors: Ráthonyi-Ódor Kinga , Bácsné Bába Éva , Ráthonyi Gergely
Published: March 2020

There has been a hotspot in sports industry these days that is becoming more and more wide-spread in sports organizations and among managers, namely CSR, that is corporate social responsibility. In the life of geographical regions, towns or villages, professional football clubs play a crucial role. Consequently, clubs tend to take responsibility for these communities in return for their support: whether it is the local population or the authorities, other businesses or the environment, they are ready to stand up for good causes. Nowadays sports centres with their regular events have a significant effect on the environment either regionally or globally. That is the reason why it has become vital in the management of sports facilities to respect environmental principles when designing and using sports facilities and to avoid producing pollution that could harm and deteriorate the environment. The aim of our study was on the one hand, to present the definitional and theoretical evolution of CSR, than the CSR concept in sport, special regard to environmental protection. On the other hand, to analyze what kind of CSR related issues do football clubs (Real Madrid C. F. – RM, Borussia Dortmund – BVB) and how they are addressing issues of environmental sustainability in the context of CSR. According to RM and BVB, we can say that they really try to do efforts to responsible behavior and environmental protection. They have special respect for the society and took big step to use different environmental management tools. It was easy to find information, reports and case studies about these activities.

JEL Classification: M14
Notas sobre los aportes de Aralia López González a la crítica literaria: una breve revisión
Authors: Bustamante Bermúdez Gerardo
Published: March 2020

This paper is a brief review of the contribution of Aralia López González as historian of Latin American literature, with particular emphasis on the Mexican narrative and its particular development in women writers born at the beginning of the last century and texts published until the nineties. Attentive to the issue of feminine writing, the researcher dedicated a large part of her academic life to observe, from the perspective of literary and cultural studies, the critical and editorial reception of women’s writing, as well as the themes and aesthetics in which consecrated and even marginalized women writers flourish. The possibility of studying this textual corpus was a way of making female voices visible, including that of the researcher herself and that of other writers and literary critics.
Aplicabilidade dos Aptâmeros de Oligonucleotídeos
Authors: Silva Amanda G. da , Neves Adriana F.
Published: March 2020

O campo tecnológico de aptâmeros apresenta crescimento devido à versatilidade destas moléculas conformacionais. Aptâmeros de ácido nucleicos são oligonucleotídeos que interagem com moléculas-alvo orgânicas ou inorgânicas e são utilizados em pesquisas biotecnológicas. O entendimento da seleção, características básicas e funcionais é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de novos materiais baseados nesses ligantes para uso na pesquisa e indústria biotecnológica. O presente trabalho aborda a tecnologia de aptâmeros de oligonucleotídeos nos aspectos teóricos e práticos. As abordagens pela química combinatória serão seguidas pela descrição das possíveis aplicações e fialmente a previsão conformacional das moléculas para avaliação como potencial aptâmero para um alvo.
Profile Hemodynamics (Blood Pressure And Heart Rate) Changes in The Use of Adrenaline in Cesarean Section With Spinal Anesthesia at Dr Soetomo Surabaya Hospital
Authors: Rahmah Ainur , Utariani Arie , Basori Achmad
Published: March 2020

Introduction: spinal anesthesia block is one of anesthesia technique that  aims to block motor nerves resulting in paresis or anesthesia and paralysis or loss of muscle function in myotomes that are the same level as blocked dermatomes. Caesarean section is one of the surgical actions that are often performed mainly in birth cases. Besides that, the mechanism of the effects of giving birth to the operation of type B autonomic caesarean section autonomic nerve pronglion nerve which results in a decrease in the resistance of peripheral veins and peripheral vasodilatation which results in an imbalance in hemodynamics especially in blood pressure and heart rate and cause of hypotension. Vasopressor, fluid therapy, vasoconstrictor are given to reduce the toxicity of local anesthesia and to overcome hypotension. Objective: To determine hemodynamic changes (blood pressure and pulse) in spinal anesthesia block surgery patients with caesarean section at Dr Soetomo Hospital. Material and Method: This research is descriptive with a retrospective from January - March 2018, the sample taken with total sampling from secondary data from the central medical record at RSUD Dr. Soetomo. Results and Discussion: 68 samples were obtained from inclusion and exclusion criteria there was a change in blood pressure and pulse in patients with caesarean section with spinal anesthesia block with the addition of vasoconstrictors. There was a decrease in average systolic pressure 13.25, diastole 18.25 and pulse 4.5 and in no increase. There was a decrease in average systolic pressure 11.9286, diastole 13.8929 and pulse 5.6429 and no addition of p> 0.05 the two are not significantly different. Conclusion: addition of adrenaline to spinal anesthesia in caesarean section patients was not cause significant hemodynamic (blood pressure and heart rate) changes.
RISK FACTORS FOR RESPIRATORY DEATH AMONG INDONESIAN PILGRIMS IN 2018
Authors: Liani Prillia Safira , Machmud Putri Bungsu
Published: March 2020

Background: In 2018, respiratory disease was the leading cause of death in Hajj pilgrims, accounting for 37% of total deaths. Purpose: This study analyzes the most influential risk factors for death caused by respiratory disease among Indonesian pilgrims in 2018. Methods: This study uses a cross sectional design. Secondary data was obtained from the 2018 Integrated Hajj Computerized System for Health (Siskohatkes) and sourced from the Hajj Health Center (Puskeshaji), Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia which is also recorded about the first to third Hajj medical examination records. The sample was all pilgrims who died while performing the Hajj in Saudi Arabia, 361 pilgrims. The variables included age, gender, pre-existing respiratory disease, education level, type of work, BMI, smoking status, and influenza vaccination status. The data was analyzed using chi square and multiple logistic regression. Results: The majority of pilgrims who died during the Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia in 2018 were aged ≥60 years (75.30%), male (58.40%), did not have a pre-existing respiratory disease (85.60%), had a low education level (46.00%), worked indoors (73.10%), had a normal BMI (48.20%), did not smoke (88.60%), and had had the influenza vaccine (56.20%). The most influential risk factors were pre-existing respiratory disease with PR = 1.55 (95% CI = 1.16 – 2.90) and influenza vaccination status with PR = 1.39 (95% CI = 1.07 – 1.81). Conclusion: Having a pre-existing respiratory disease and not being vaccinated against influenza increase the likelihood of respiratory disease death among Indonesian pilgrims in 2018.
CLINICAL PROFILES OF VITILIGO WITH NARROWBAND UVB AND TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY AT DR. SOETOMO HOSPITAL
Authors: Fauzia Sarah , Rahmadewi Rahmadewi , Fauziah Dyah
Published: March 2020

Background: Vitiligo is a depigmenting disorder that causes a loss of melanocytes in the epidermis. Treatment preferences are based on the characteristics of the vitiligo lesions. Purpose: This study evaluates the clinical profiles of vitiligo treated with narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) and topical corticosteroid therapy in Dr. Soetomo Hospital in 2017. Methods: This study is a retrospective study that uses data from the medical records of vitiligo patients who were treated with NB-UVB and topical corticosteroids in Dr. Soetomo Hospital in 2017. The dependent variable was vitiligo treated with NB-UVB radiation or topical corticosteroids, while the independent variables were disease onset, precipitating factor, duration, stability, amount, affected area, location, and type of vitiligo. Results: Thirty-seven patients (19 females) were included, four of whom had been treated with NB-UVB and 33 with topical corticosteroids. In the NB-UVB group, 75% had stable lesions, 50% had a single lesion, 50% had multiple lesions, 75% had an affected area <10cm2, 40% had lesions around their face, 40% had lesions on their extremities, and 75% had focal vitiligo. In the topical corticosteroids group, 76% had active lesions, 82% had multiple lesions, 82% had an affected area <10 cm2, 28% had lesions around their upper extremities, 28% had lesions around their lower extremities, and 46% had segmental vitiligo. Conclusion: Treatment preference in Dr. Soetomo Hospital 2017 was indicated by the patients’ clinical profiles.
Effect of Foot Exercise and Care on Peripheral Vascular Status in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Embuai Selpina , Tuasikal Hani , Siauta Moomina
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a cause of health problems which occurs in most countries. Approximately 13 - 15% of all patients with diabetes mellitus will experience peripheral circulatory disorders. Foot exercise and foot care are interventions that can be implemented to prevent foot ulcers.Methods: This study employed a pre-post-test quasi-experimental design with a control group. The sample consisted of 94 patients with diabetes mellitus who were assigned to the intervention group (n=47) and the control group (n=47) respectively. Consecutive sampling was used to recruit the samples. The instruments used to collect the data included 10-g monofilament for the diabetic neuropathy test, a HbA1c test and a sphygmomanometer. The collected data was analyzed using a paired t-test.Results: The results of this study showed there to be significant effects from foot exercise and foot care on the HbA1c test, in relation to the frequency of the dorsalis pedis artery and diabetic neuropathy with a significance value of 0.00 (p<0.05). However, in the ankle-brachial index measurement, there were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups with a significance value of 0.26 (p>0.05).Conclusion: Foot exercise and foot care can be one of the independent nursing interventions used to prevent the complications of diabetes mellitus, as they have been proven to improve the peripheral vascular status of patients with diabetes mellitus by 70-80%.
Deep Breathing Relaxation for Decreasing Blood Pressure in People with Hypertension
Authors: Fitriyah Rahmatul , Fernandez Gratsia Victoria , Samudera Wahyu Sukma , Arifin Hidayat , Wulandari Shenda Maulina
Published: March 2020

Various non-pharmacological therapies can be used to reduce blood pressure. One of them is deep breathing relaxation. This study aimed to know the influence of deep breath relaxation to decrease the blood pressure of people with hypertension. The design of this study was an Pre-Experimental One Group Pretest-Post-test design which covered 30 respondents as the sample. They fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were chosen through purposive sampling. The independent variable in this study was deep breath relaxation and the dependent variable was blood pressure. The data collection technique was using the observation sheet of blood pressure measurement. Data were analyzed using the paired t test. The findings of this study majority there were decrease blood pressure after deep breath. Before doing the breath relaxation exercise, most of the respondents were hypertension level 1. Nonetheless, after the deep breath relaxation had been executed, most found that their blood pressure decreased although several respondents were at hypertension level 2 with stable blood pressure. The results showed that there were differences in the blood pressure patients with hypertension before and after the deep breath relaxation. There were several points which influenced the decrease in blood pressure after implementing the deep breath relaxation such as stress, cigarettes etc.
Home-Based Exercise Training for Heart Failure Patients: a Systematic Review
Authors: Permana Roby Aji , Sudarmaji Wikan Purwihantoro , Samudera Wahyu Sukma , Soares Agostinha , Nugraha Yanuar Aga
Published: March 2020

Exercise training is one of the recommendations for a cardiac rehabilitation program to increase exercise capacity and thus quality of life, decreasing both readmission and mortality in terms of heart failure. In spite of the evidence on the benefits and safety of cardiac rehabilitation, the uptake and participation of cardiac rehabilitation by patients with heart failure is currently poor. This study aimed to systematically review the effect of home-based exercise training on heart failure patients. The studies were systematically identified by searching through the chosen electronic databases (Scopus, Science Direct, Proquest, Pubmed, and CINAHL) for articles from the 5 last years. The search algorithm identified a total 164 articles and 15 articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For the 15 articles, 13 were RCTs, 1 was quasi-experimental and 1 was a retrospective study. The major result of this review shows that home-based exercise has an effect on functional and exercise capacity, quality of life and a decreased rate of readmission within 2-12 months follow up. Home-based exercise has a long-term effect that is more effective than exercise that is hospital-based.
The Effectiveness of Traditional Media (Leaflet and Poster) to Promote Health in a Community Setting in the Digital Era: A Systematic Review
Authors: Barik Ardila Lailatul , Purwaningtyas Rizki Agustin , Astuti Dwi
Published: March 2020

Introduction: The use of health promotion media in the digital era, such as e-health and m-health, is increasing. However, traditional health promotion media, such as posters and leaflets, are still used. This review aimed to identify the effectiveness of the use of traditional health promotion media (leaflets and posters) in a community setting in the digital era.Methods: The data was gathered using the following steps: (1) determining the topic, (2) determining the keyword chain, (3) looking for the relevant literature in the database and (4) analyzing the article. The search using a predetermined keyword chain in Scopus, Science Direct and Sage Journals produced 208 publications.Results: After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 publications were selected for review.Conclusion: Traditional health promotion media such as leaflets and posters are still useful in the current digital era, especially for adult respondents. This form of media will be more effective when combined with other media such as videos, telephone interactions, games and others.
The Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Wound Treatment Techniques of Modern Dressing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alfaqih Mohammad Roni , Sinawang Gabriel Wanda , Faizah Rohmatul , Hermanto Andrik
Published: March 2020

Background: One of the complications caused by diabetes mellitus is the problem of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The management of the DFU problem can be carried out through the wound care focused on the foot using modern dressings. This research was to determine the effectiveness of modern dressings on the healing process of diabetic foot ulcers.Methods: The methods used in arranging this systematic review were (1) the identification of interventions in the literature, (2) the identification of relevant literature based on the topic and title, (3) obtaining the literature in full-text form and (4) the analysis of the results from the various interventions in the literature.Result: The literature search was carried out in several databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar and Pubmed. The samples in this article were research about the effect of modern dressings in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. A total of 22 evidence bases found 10 studies using the pre-experimental method, 3 RCTs, 2 quasi-experiments, 2 articles / systematic reviews, 2 perspective studies, 1 medical report, 1 case study and 1 vitro and vivo study.Conclusion: Based on the review, it explains that the research on modern dressings using nanocrystalline silver ion and curcumin can improves wound recovery by increasing the transformation rate of the ß1 growth factor, which is a protein involved in cell growth and proliferation.
Factors Affecting Burnout Syndrome Among Nurses: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ardiansyah Rizal Tri , Putra Fetreo Negeo , Soebagyo Hari , Weu Basilius Yosepfus
Published: March 2020

Background: Burnout syndrome is due to the fatigue felt from work, both physically and mentally. Work fatigue experienced by the health care team, especially the nurses, can threaten patient safety. There needs to be actions or policies put in place to decrease the level of nurse burnout syndrome. Before setting the policies or actions, it is important to know the factors that affect the occurrence of burnout syndrome. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors that influence the occurrence and incidence of burnout syndrome.Method: The authors specified the topics and keywords used to search the literature, which in turn allowed for the seeking and obtaining of the appropriate literature criteria. The search found 15 pieces of literature.Result: There are several factors that cause burnout syndrome, but the most common factor in the working environment was the poor working conditions and motivation factors of nursing itself.Conclusion: Based on the results above, we can reduce burnout syndrome with modifications in the working environment or improving the nurse’s motivation through policies, dependent on the institution.
A Case Control Study on Physical Activity and Body Mass Index Associated with Hemorrhoids
Authors: Karim Jalina , Abdullah Alif Asyraf Arispa , Zolkifle A'syaratun Kamilah , Roslan Nur Shafizah , Kumar Suganthi , Shiong Kelvin C
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Body mass index (BMI) and physical activity are the controversial risk factors that cause hemorrhoids. This study was conducted to determine the association between body mass index and physical activity.Methods: This was a case-control study which involved two hundred and two patients using convenience sampling. They had to answer a questionnaire consisting of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) which monitored their physical activity and their BMI was also measured. For the descriptive analysis, Chi square and an odd ratio were carried out.Results: There was a significant association between age and hemorrhoids (p=0.02), in which the patients who were younger than 50 years old were more likely to have hemorrhoids compared to those who were older than 50 years old (OR=2.268, 95%CI: 1.107-4.630). For the risk estimation calculation, the Chinese individuals were found to have a higher risk compared to non-Chinese individuals (OR=2.056, 95% CI: 1.174-3.601). BMI was proven to be significantly associated with hemorrhoids (p=0.043). Physical activities were found to not be statistically significant (p=0.209). Those with a low and moderate physical activity level were 1.24 times more likely to have hemorrhoids compared to those with a high level of physical activity (OR=1.243, 95%CI:   0.697-2.217). The confidence interval was between 0.697 and 2.217, therefore it was not statistically significant.Conclusion: Physical activity was not associated with the hemorrhoids. However, it was shown that good physical activity could help to regulate bowel function and therefore, the occurrence of hemorrhoids would be less likely. BMI was significantly associated with hemorrhoids.
The Effectiveness of Interventions to Reduce the Nurses’ Distractions during Medication Administration: A Systematic Review
Authors: Panduwal Chandra Apriadi , Bilaut E. C.
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Nurses constitute the largest group of health professionals who work in the hospital setting and most of the medications in the setting are administered by nurses. Errors related to medication conducted by a nurse frequently occur during medication administration. Interruptions or distractions during medication administration have been identified as significant contributory factors to medication administration errors (MAEs).Methods: This systematic review critically reviewed the evidence of the effectiveness of the interventions that aim to reduce nurse interruptions or distractions during medication administration. The search for the relevant literature was conducted in August 2018 using three databases; Medline, Cinahl and Embase.Results: Nineteen full text articles were retrieved and reviewed, and 7 articles were included in this review. Five of these studies showed evidence of a reduction in the interruption or distraction rates in post-intervention measurements, while 4 studies reported a statistically significant reduction in the interruption or distraction rates, with p values between 0.0005 and 0.002.Conclusion: There was limited evidence available to support the effectiveness of the interventions in terms of either reducing the interruptions or distractions of the nurses during the medication administration or in terms of reducing the medication administration error rates.
Effectiveness of Physical Exercise on the Glycemic Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kurniawati Yulia , Baridah Hurin’in Aisy , Kusumawati Made Dian , Wabula Irfan
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the main causes of increasing global health morbidity and mortality for diabetes cases. Increasing the glycemic control in patients with T2DM is not enough if it is only treated with anti-hyperglycemic drugs. Physical exercise is an activity that is planned, structured and carried out to improve health or physical fitness and it is an effective way to improve glycemic control. The aim of this study was to search and review the research on effectiveness of physical exercise on glycemic control in T2DM.Methods: We searched the scientific literature on T2DM and physical exercise in the ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Scopus, Ebsco and Pubmed databases for original research studies and then we reviewed them systematically. Of the 1145 articles retrieved, 14 studies were obtained by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodResults: Aerobic physical exercise improved the glycemic control of T2DM and it was widely used and significant for glycemic control. The schedule of 3 times a week for 60 minutes per session over 2 months was widely used and significant when it came to reducing blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).Conclusion: This systematic review could be used as evidence when carrying out aerobic physical exercise interventions for the purpose of glycemic control.
Influence of Cognitive Stimulation Group Activity Memory Game Therapy on Elderly Cognitive Function: Quasi-Experimental
Authors: Yahya Qolbi Nur Qoidah , Purwaningsih Purwaningsih , Purwaningsih Purwaningsih , Makhfudli Makhfudli , Makhfudli Makhfudli
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Older adults experience a change in their nervous system that influences cognitive function, including the abilities of orientation, registration, attention-calculation, memory and language. These changes affect the independence of the elderly when carrying out their daily activities. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of cognitive stimulation group activity memory game therapy on elderly cognitive function.Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental pre-post approach with a control group design. The population in this study was the elderly who were aged >60 in Nursing Home Blitar, totaling 20 older patients. The data retrieval for this research was conducted between April and May 2012. The elderly in the treatment group were given flash card stimulus to practice their perceptual abilities 8 times (1 month). The measurement of elderly cognitive function used the Mini Mental State Examination questionnaire. The data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank test.Results: The results showed that elderly cognitive function increased from 10,3 (pre test) to 14,65 (post test) with p=0,005 (p<0,05). This result shows that cognitive stimulation group activity memory games have a significance influence on elderly cognitive function.Conclusion: Practical nurses can use this therapy to improve elderly cognitive function not only in Elderly Social Institutions but also in the community or through public health.
Efficacy of Topical Applications on Reducing Uremic Pruritus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sinawang Gabriel Wanda , Faizah Rohmatul , Alfaqih Mohamad Roni , Hermanto Andrik
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Uremic pruritus is an unpleasant sensation that has been recognized as a frequent complication in patients with chronic kidney disease. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of topical applications for reducing pruritus.Methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar to create an integrative 12 articles review focusing on a 10 year period from 2009 to 2018. The language used was English and the studies focused on pruritus, itching, hydration, chronic kidney disease and where the patient did not undergo a kidney transplant. The articles in this systematic review were experimental studies (pre-experimental, true experimental and quasi-experimental).Results: Most of the findings of the studies showed that a topical application for reducing uremic pruritus (clove oil, almond oil, cromolyn sodium 4%, baby oil, sweet almond oil, vinegar and avenasativa, glycerol and paraffin, sericin cream and chia seed oil) can be used as an adjuvant moisturizing agents for pruritis.Conclusion: Topical applications have a positive effect on itching and decreased pruritus. Topical applications are simple, safe, inexpensive and easily applied, so it can be used on many people.
Minimizing the Use of Restraint in Patients with Mental Disorders at a Mental Hospital: A Systematic Review
Authors: Syamsudin Achmad , Fiddaroini Fakhrun Nisa , Heru Maulidiyah Junnatul Azizah
Published: March 2020

Background: Restraint in the psychiatric unit is a common practice but it is very controversial and it has undergone a poor evaluation according to methodological investigations. Using restraint is a common problem and has a significant impact on patients, families and health care staff. Therefore, this systematic review will discuss the important reasons as to why restraint should be reduced. It will also explain several alternative treatments for aggressive patients in mental hospitals.Method: The database searches were used to identify potential articles: Scopus and Proquest were the focus. The search was limited to those published in the range of the last 5 years from 2013 to 2018. The keywords that were used were ‘restraint in the hospital’, ‘restraint reduction’, ‘the elimination of restraint’ and ‘physical restraint’.Result: Only 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. The results suggest that restraint is considered to be a violation of human rights and that it traumatizes the patients. It is inhuman and degrading. Besides this, restraint can result in physical complications in the form of lacerations, asphyxia, thrombosis and death. Restraint is permitted when other methods fail and in emergency conditions.Conclusion: Some of the ways to reduce the use of restraint are by constant monitoring and through the control of individual behavior, including verbal management and attitudes, reducing the environmental risks, and administering drugs. Some of the efforts to avoid restraint are the "Positive and Safe in Calderstones" program, sensory modulation and peer advice and support.
The Effect of Foot Massage on Decreasing Peripheral Neuropathy Diabetic Complaints in the Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Agustini Ni Luh Putu Inca Buntari , Wulansari Nadya Tressna , Yusniawati Yustina Ni Putu , Sintia Ni Wayan
Published: March 2020

Background: Peripheral neuropathy diabetic is a problem that will be experienced by almost all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One of the non-pharmacological therapies that can be done to reduce the complaints of peripheral neuropathy diabetic is foot massage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of foot massage on decreasing peripheral neoropathy diabetic complaints.Method: The research design was a one group pretest-post-test design (foot massage) as the treatment given to the patients with T2DM. The population in this study was the patients with T2DM who had peripheral neuropathy diabetic. Seventy-two participants were involved as the sample of the study selected through simple random sampling. The data was collected using the questionnaire of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument.Result: The results were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank test with a significance level was set at α = 0.05.Conclusion: The foot massage had a significant effect at reducing the complaints of peripheral neuropathy diabetic in patients with T2DM (p=0,000 < ɑ 0.05). The patients with T2DM are expected to practice foot massage independently.
Support Factors of Self Foot Care for Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Faizah Rohmatul , Sinawang Gabriel Wanda , Hermanto Andrik , Alfatih Mohamad Roni
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease of the endocrine system that has numerous complications such as diabetic foot ulcers. Amputation is the last frontier for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers but they can be prevented through proper self-foot-care behavior. The aim of this study was to explain the support factors of self foot care for diabetes mellitus patients.Methods: The methods used were self-foot-care identification in the literature, with the relevant literature identification based on the topics and titles obtained from Scopus, ScienceDirect and ProQuest. This was as well as analysis of the results from examining the various behaviors that support self-foot-care behavior in the literature. The references included was the research conducted from 2013 - 2019 as follows: 2 descriptive correlation studies, 3 descriptive studies, 2 prospective studies, 1 prospective cohort study, 1 pre-experimental study, 3 quasi-experimental studies, 1 case study and 3 cross-sectional studies.Results: All of the journals included discussed foot care behavior. Education programs regarding foot care are a major factor that supports foot care behavior.Conclusion: All of the journals that were obtained stated that there was a positive influence on the diabetic foot condition where routine foot care behavior was implemented. Self-foot-care behavior also requires other supporting factors to obtain the maximum results.
Family Support on the Activities of Elderly Hypertension Patients in Elderly Gymnastics Activities
Authors: Yuniartika Wachidah , Muhammad Fauzan
Published: March 2020

Introduction: The aging process results in decreased body resistance, physiological functions and diseases which attack the elderly, such as hypertension. Elderly gymnastics is a mild exercise that is applied to the elderly. High family support will make the elderly more actively participate in elderly gymnastics activities, and vice versa. The aim of study was to determine the relationship of Family Support to the Activity of Elderly in Pajang Village.Methods: The design of the study was quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. The population of the study was all elderly people with hypertension who were aged 60 years and over who participated in elderly gymnastics, with total sampling at 95 respondents. This was then analyzed using the Kendall’s Tau formula.Results: The majority of family support was enough (38.8%) and the active category (63.2%),  with bivariate analysis a value of 0.001 (<0.05), with a magnitude of 0.082.Conclusion: Families can help overcome the problems of the elderly and provide support for exercise activities. Families can also increase self-confidence to improve the health of the elderly. There is a significant relationship of family support for the activeness of elderly hypertension patients in elderly gymnastics activities in Pajang Village.
The Board Model Corporate Governance Mechanism and Financial Performance of Non-financial Listed Chinese Firms
Authors: Kong Yusheng , Famba Takuriramunashe , Chituku-Dzimiro Grace , Huaping Sun , Kurauone Ophias
Published: March 2020

Corporate governance is widely suggested by economists and regulators as a solution to reduce agency problems and improve firm performance. However previous studies have failed to generate consistent results. Using a dynamic panel system GMM estimator to alleviate endogeneity concerns we determine the effect of corporate board structure on the performance of a panel of 1265 Chinese firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2010 to 2016. We compare the dynamic system GMM estimator to some commonly used estimators; ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed effects (FE) and the dynamic OLS, and show that these estimates are biased due to endogeneity. The dynamic system GMM estimator incorporates the dynamic nature of internal governance choices to provide valid and powerful instruments that address unobserved heterogeneity and simultaneity. Our results show support for the board model corporate governance mechanism. We find that board size is positive and significantly related to both return on assets and total net profit margin. In addition board independence is positive and significantly related to return on assets but insignificantly related to total net profit margin. Duality was found to have a negative but statistically insignificant relation with firm performance.