bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desafios Jurídicos e Controvérsias em torno de Naufrágios de Navios de Estado: O Caso do Galeão San José
Authors: Pereira da Silva Alexandre
Published: October 2024

A Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Direito do Mar (CNUDM) e a Convenção sobre a Proteção do Patrimônio Cultural Subaquático (CPPCS) são os tratados fundamentais referentes ao tema do patrimônio cultural subaquático. Contudo, pontos importantes, como os direitos jurisdicionais dos Estados costeiros e a condição legal de navios de Estado e suas cargas, permanecem controversos. O caso do galeão espanhol San José – afundado em 1708 por forças britânicas e encontrado há poucos anos no litoral da Colômbia – ilustra bem essas controvérsias, envolvendo entes estatais (Colômbia, Espanha, Peru e Bolívia) e não estatais (povos originários andinos e “caçadores de tesouros”). Portanto, tendo como ponto de partida o caso do galeão espanhol, a contribuição do presente artigo consiste, por um lado, em analisar a estrutura jurídica concernente ao patrimônio cultural subaquático e, por outro lado, em relacionar a CNUDM e a CPPCS – e suas lacunas – a aspectos específicos do San José (imunidade de jurisdição, sucessão de Estados e direito dos povos originários). Para atingir essas metas, o artigo utilizou os métodos analítico e dedutivo, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, análise de tratados internacionais e exame de decisões de cortes domésticas. Conclui-se que, embora a moldura jurídica seja deficiente em diversos aspectos, ela contempla os diferentes interesses dos Estados envolvidos. No entanto, a falta de ampla adesão internacional à CPPCS representa um obstáculo significativo para a busca de uma solução consensual. Além disso, os povos originários andinos enfrentam desafios significativos para assegurar uma abordagem inclusiva e equitativa do patrimônio cultural subaquático.
How effective are social accountability mechanisms in Bangladesh’s rural local governments?
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Nashir , Basit Abdul
Published: October 2024

Over the last few decades, governance systems across the world have prioritised citizen participation. Direct participation of the citizenry facilitates social accountability, which contributes to the advancement of good governance. In Bangladesh, following the success of donor-funded pathfinder projects, various social accountability mechanisms were legally mandated at the local level. This study examines the prescribed functioning of these mechanisms and compares this to actual practice. The study followed an explanatory, descriptive method for content analysis by reviewing relevant secondary literature. Key findings were: no practical guidelines exist in Bangladesh for managing social accountability mechanisms; citizens have limited access to information; local functionaries have insufficient understanding of their role; and social accountability has not been institutionalised. To ensure successful social accountability, it will be necessary to provide adequate guidelines, take financial and management factors into account, and make people aware of their rights. Government and NGO intervention on the demand side (local people) will be required to make this happen.
Se incrementa la actividad sindical: el paro del correo
Authors: J. G.
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 39, No. 428, 1984: 428-429.
An investigation of rejection rates, sources thereof and methods to reduce specimen rejection
Authors:   , Ballim Afsana
Published: October 2024

Background Specimen rejection occurs when specimens are sent to a medical diagnostic laboratory and are deemed unsuitable for analysis based on specimen acceptability criteria. Patient care may be hindered due to rejections. Specimen rejections impact negatively on patients, healthcare workers and the diagnostic laboratory. The aim of this study was to investigate specimen rejection rates, the contributing factors, and methods to reduce the number of rejected specimens, thereby improving healthcare for the patient as well as improving the financial and quality standing of the laboratory. Materials and methods Rejection statistics were obtained for King Dinuzulu Hospital Complex (KDL) and RK Khan Hospital (RKK) for a period of six months. An investigation of the rejection rates and common causes for rejection was conducted. The information gathered from the rejection statistics was used to create training material for training workshops. Pre training and post-training questionnaires were completed to determine the effectiveness of the training. Rejection statistics were re-collected for two months post the training workshop sessions to evaluate the rejection rates for improvement. Results The initial rejection rates indicated that KDL and RKK exceeded the allowable limit of rejections (National Health Laboratory Service allowable limit < 3%). The primary reason for specimen rejections was identified as errors that occur in the pre-analytical phase, with haemolysis emerging as the predominant contributing factor. Training workshops were conducted, although the improvement in assessment score for the workshop was 49.6% (p < 0.001), the rejection statistics collected post-training workshop showed an insignificant change in overall rejection rates at KDL and RKK (p-value = 0.139 and 0.242 respectively). Conclusion Specimen rejection is a growing problem that requires mitigation. Structured training has shown to improve pre-analytical knowledge, however, it was noted that the interventions taken by offering training workshops did not reduce the rate of specimen rejections.
Innovations in Agronomy for Sustainable Crop Production
Authors:   Department of	Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai	University, Chidambaram - 608002- Tamilnadu-India, Anbarasan S. , Ramesh S. ,   Department of	Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai	University, Chidambaram - 608002- Tamilnadu-India
Published: October 2024

Agronomy, the science of soil management and crop production, plays a crucial role in ensuring food security and sustainability. This review examines recent innovations in agronomy that contribute to sustainable crop production. Key areas of focus include precision agriculture, integrated pest management, crop breeding and biotechnology, soil health management, water conservation techniques, and climate-smart agriculture practices. By exploring these advancements, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how modern agronomic practices can enhance crop yields, improve resource use efficiency, and reduce environmental impacts.
Horticulture horizons an exploring advanced technologies in plant cultivation
Authors:   Department	of	Horticulture,	College	of	Agriculture,	RVSKVV,	Gwalior	Madhya	Pradesh,	India, Sharma Avinash , Dongre Palak , Harsha Harsha , Ausari Praveen Kumar , Devendra Devendra
Published: October 2024

Horticulture, the science and art of plant cultivation, is undergoing a revolutionary transformation propelled by advanced technologies. This article delves into the forefront of horticulture horizons, examining the cutting-edge innovations that are reshaping traditional practices and ushering in a new era of plant cultivation. From precision agriculture utilizing sensors and data analytics to vertical farming with controlled environments and smart greenhouses incorporating AI, the landscape of horticulture is evolving rapidly. Biotechnology and genetic engineering are redefining crop development, creating resilient and high-yielding varieties, while robotics is automating labour-intensive tasks. This exploration highlights the potential of these technologies to enhance efficiency, increase productivity, and contribute to sustainable and resilient food production systems. The horizons of horticulture are expanding as these advancements pave the way for a future where technology and agriculture converge to meet the growing demands of a global population.
Konvergensi Nalar Doktrin Kitab Suci Agama: Telaah Konsep Keadilan Perspektif Al-Qur’an dan Weda
Authors: Syafirin Muhammad , Yunus Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Nilai-nilai keadilan dalam agama memiliki posisi yang sangat substansial dan prinsipil. Semua agama mengajarkan keadilan dalam berbagai bentuk dan konseptualnya. Artikel ini dibuat untuk menelaah sejauh mana agama, dalam konteks ini Islam dan Hindu, memahami konsep keadilan berdasarkan kitab sucinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kepustakaan (library research) dengan pola deskriptif-analitis, melalui pendekatan analisis tekstual. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa, konsep keadilan yang ditawarkan kitab suci Islam, mengandung perbedaan dengan yang ditawarkan kitab sucinya Hindu. Al-Qur’an menekankan perbedaan antara keadilan yang berlaku pada manusia dengan yang berlaku bagi Allah sendiri. Keadilan konteks manusia berkisar pada makna keseimbangan, persamaan, dan pemberian hak, sedangkan untuk Allah, keadilan adalah wujud rahmat dan kebaikan-Nya secara universal. Berbeda dengan Hindu, keadilan justru terlihat lebih eksklusif, aksional dan terkadang kompleks. Artinya, meskipun Hindu mengajarkan keadilan dalam wujud dharma dan karmaphala, tetapi ia terikat dengan hukum sebab akibat. Tuhan pun, masuk dalam ketetapan sebab akibat—inilah yang membedakannya dengan konsep al-Qur’an. Selain itu, Hindu melihat keadilan dalam wujud karma yang diperoleh melalui tigas fase, yaitu kehidupan masa lalu, sekarang, dan kehidupan saat kelahiran kembali. Dalam al-Qur’an istilah karma yang absolut justru tidak dikenal. Karena, Tuhan bisa saja merubah takdir seorang hamba jika Dia berkenan.
ORAL INTERPRETATION OF AMAR MAKRUF NAHI MUNGKAR
Authors: Akbar Taufik , Ilmi Syaiful
Published: October 2024

This article explores the oral interpretation of amar makruf nahi mungkar from the perspective of ḥabā`ib in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan. The study is qualitative in nature and adopts a field research model with descriptive-analytic data analysis. The findings suggest that local ḥabā`ib interpretations of amar makruf nahi mungkar can be classified into two groups: those that specifically focus on Quranic texts containing the phrase, and those that interpret verses of the Quran without the phrase. The discussion of the term ‘munkar’ predominantly revolves around issues relating to Muslim and non-Muslim leaders, the criminalization and humiliation of ulama, and LGBT-related cases. The oral tradition plays a crucial role in shaping the interpretation of ḥabā`ib, which is characterized by three key aspects: a) a focus on local issues, b) an agonistic tone, and c) conservative or traditionalist views. These characteristics have a significant impact on the interpretation of amar makruf nahi mungkar by ḥabā`ib, resulting in an interpretation that differs from that found in traditional interpretation literature.
Trends in educational policies related to educational quality: a systematic review
Authors: Azaña-Lucio Pablo Sebastián , Estrada-Araoz Edwin Gustavo , Malaga-Yllpa Yasser , Huamaní-Pérez María Isabel , Cruz-Laricano Elizabeth Orfelia
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The purpose of this systematic review study was to analyze current trends in educational policies related to educational quality in Spanish-speaking countries. Methods: The study involved an exploratory-descriptive and critical investigation, covering relevant articles and theses. The PRISMA method was used to conduct a systematic review, consulting priority databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, Scielo, ProQuest, Repository UCV, and Dialnet. Results: The review indicates the coexistence of various educational policy trends, including the defense of different economic systems, the pursuit of higher educational quality, the promotion of inclusivity in education, and the safeguarding of the right to education for all. These policies reflect a multifaceted approach to improving education, adapted to the specific contexts of each country. Conclusions: It is crucial to implement contextually adapted and evidence-based educational policies and to foster collaboration among stakeholders to achieve inclusive and quality education. This study contributes to understanding trends in educational policies and offers recommendations for future research and the formulation of effective policies.
Could old tide gauges help estimate past atmospheric variability?
Authors: Platzer Paul , Ailliot Pierre , Chapron Bertrand , Tandeo Pierre
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The surge residual is the non-tidal component of coastal sea level. It responds to the atmospheric circulation, including the direct effect of atmospheric pressure on the sea surface. Tide gauges have been used to measure the sea level in coastal cities for centuries, with many records dating back to the 19th century or even earlier to times when direct pressure observations were scarce. Therefore, these old tide gauge records may be used as indirect observations of sub-seasonal atmospheric variability that are complementary to other sensors such as barometers. To investigate this claim, the present work relies on the tide gauge record of Brest, western France, and on the members of NOAA's 20th Century Reanalysis (20CRv3), which only assimilates surface pressure observations and uses a numerical weather prediction model. Using simple statistical relationships between surge residuals and local atmospheric pressure, we show that the tide gauge record can help to reveal part of the 19th century atmospheric variability that was uncaught by the pressure-observations-based reanalysis, advocating for the use of early tide gauge records to study past storms. In particular, weighting the 80 reanalysis members based on tide gauge observations indicates that a large number of members seem unlikely, which induces corrections of several tens of hectopascals in the Bay of Biscay. Comparisons with independent pressure observations shed light on the strengths and limitations of the methodology, particularly for the case of wind-driven surge residuals. This calls for the future use of a mixed methodology between data-driven tools and physics-based modeling. Our methodology could be applied to use other types of independent observations (not just tide gauges) as a means of weighting reanalysis ensemble members.
A Flexible Snow Model (FSM 2.1.0) including a forest canopy
Authors: Essery Richard , Mazzotti Giulia , Barr Sarah , Jonas Tobias , Quaife Tristan , Rutter Nick
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Multiple options for representing physical processes in forest canopies are added to a model with multiple options for representing physical processes in snow on the ground. The canopy processes represented are shortwave and longwave radiative transfer, turbulent transfers of heat and moisture, and interception, sublimation, unloading and melt of snow in the canopy. There are options for Beer's Law or two-stream approximation canopy radiative transfer, linear or non-linear canopy snow interception efficiency, and time/melt-dependent or temperature/wind-dependent canopy snow unloading. Canopy mass and energy balance equations can be solved with one or two model layers. Model behaviour on stand scales is compared with observations of above and below canopy shortwave and longwave radiation, below canopy wind speed, snow mass on the ground and subjective estimates of canopy snow load. Large-scale simulations of snow cover extent, snow mass and albedo for the Northern Hemisphere are compared with observations and land-only simulations by state-of-the-art Earth System Models. Without accounting for uncertainty in forest structure metrics and parameter values, the ranges of multi-physics ensemble simulations are not as wide as seen in intercomparisons of existing models.
Estimation of the 3-D geoelectric field at the Earth's surface using Spherical Elementary Current Systems
Authors: Juusola Liisa , Vanhamäki Heikki , Marshalko Elena , Kruglyakov Mikhail , Viljanen Ari
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The geoelectric field drives geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in technological conductor networks, which can affect the performance of critical ground infrastructure such as electric power transmission grids. The three-dimensional (3-D) electric field at the Earth's surface consists of an external divergence-free (DF) part due to temporally and spatially varying ionospheric and magnetospheric currents, an internal DF part due to temporally and spatially varying telluric currents, and a curl-free (CF) part due to charge accumulation at ground conductivity gradients. We have developed a new method for estimating these contributions. The external and internal parts of the DF electric field are calculated from the time derivative of the external and internal parts of the observed ground magnetic field, respectively, using DF two-dimensional (2-D) Spherical Elementary Current Systems (SECS). The horizontal surface CF electric field is calculated from the known surface DF electric field using coefficients that linearly relate the DF electric field to the CF electric field. The coefficiens were obtained from the 3-D induction model PGIEM2G (Kruglyakov and Kuvshinov, 2018). The calculations are carried out in the time domain and only two consecutive time steps of the observed magnetic field are needed to compute the surface electric field. The external part of the DF electric field is valid at and below the ionosphere, the internal part at and above the Earth's surface, and the CF part at the Earth's surface. A dense magnetometer network is a requirement for reliable results. The external and internal parts of the DF electric field are generally oppositely directed and have comparable amplitudes, both on the ground and in the ionosphere, indicating that both contributions are significant for the total DF electric field. The largest peaks of total DF electric field tend to occur when either the external or internal contribution is temporarily suppressed. At a given location, a DF electric field with a given amplitude can result in a total surface electric field amplitude with an orders of magnitude difference depending on the direction of the DF electric field with respect to the locally dominant conductivity gradient structure. The electric field calculation is computationally light, facilitating operational implementation of a near-real time 3-D surface electric field monitoring and derivation of long electric field time series.
Rising Arctic Seas and Thawing Permafrost: Uncovering the Carbon Cycle Impact in a Thermokarst Lagoon System in the outer Mackenzie Delta, Canada
Authors: Jenrich Maren , Wolter Juliane , Liebner Susanne , Knoblauch Christian , Grosse Guido , Giebeler Fiona , Whalen Dustin , Strauss Jens
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Climate warming in the Arctic is directly connected to rising sea levels and increasing erosion of permafrost coasts, leading to inland migrating coastlines and the transformation of coastal permafrost lakes into thermokarst lagoons. These lagoons represent transitional zones between terrestrial to subsea permafrost environments. So far, the effect of the transition on the carbon cycle is fairly unknown. In this study, we conducted long-term anoxic incubation experiments on surface samples from thermokarst lagoons with varying degrees of sea connectivity. We also included terrestrial permafrost and active layer as endmembers to investigate variations in carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) production within lagoon systems and along a land-sea transition transect on Reindeer Island, Northeast Mackenzie Delta, Canada. Results show that CH4 production peaks at 4.6 mg CH4 gC⁻¹ in younger, less connected lagoons with high-quality organic matter, leading to up to 18 times higher GHG production (in CO2 equivalents) compared to open lagoons. CO2 production is higher under marine conditions (3.8 to 5.4 mgCO2 g-1C) than under brackish conditions (1.7 to 4.3 mgCO2 g-1C). Along a land-sea transect, CO2 production increased with increasing marine influence. These findings suggest that the landward migration of the sea, resulting in the inundation of permafrost lowlands and thermokarst lakes, may lead to increased GHG emissions from Arctic coasts in the future.
Fate of dissolved organic matter across the permafrost–nearshore water continuum: role of the intertidal sediments
Authors: Flamand Aude , Lapierre Jean-François , Chaillou Gwénaëlle
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Increasing rates of coastal erosion and permafrost thaw along the Arctic coastline represent a major lateral source of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to the coastal environment, where it can meet multiple fates depending on its origin and composition. Along the (ground)water flow path, Iron (Fe)-hydroxides play an important role in the retention of terrestrial organic matter, but its role on DOM released from coastal thawing permafrost specifically remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we sampled permafrost meltwater, beach groundwater, and seawater samples from several coastal bluffs transects up to 2 km from the shoreline. Across the salinity gradient – from permafrost meltwater to nearshore waters - we found that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) concentrations decreased drastically, indicating significant removal processes along this continuum. Optical indices (aCDOM350, SUVA254, HIX) reflected changes in DOM composition and aromaticity, suggesting microbial degradation and mineral-organic interactions occur to transform DOM. Furthermore, a PARAFAC analysis of fluorescent DOM indicated that permafrost-derived DOM had a high molecular weight (HMW), humic, and terrigenous origin, while coastal ocean-derived FDOM was protein-rich, low molecular weight (LMW), and from microbial (autochthonous) origin. The optical signature of permafrost meltwater faded along the permafrost-nearshore water continuum. Controlled experiments with excess Fe2+ along constant oxygen bubbling showed a rapid (within 6 hours) and major decrease in DOC and CDOM, suggesting interaction with reactive Fe-hydroxides, acting as a permanent or temporary trap of permafrost-derived DOM. Overall, our findings highlight the role of intertidal and nearshore zones where subsurface flows regulate the persistence and reactivity of terrestrial DOM as it transits from permafrost to marine environments in the Arctic.
Chlorophyll shading reduces zooplankton diel migration depth in a high-resolution physical biogeochemical model
Authors: Poupon Mathieu Antoine François , Resplandy Laure , Garwood Jessica , Stock Charles , Zadeh Niki , Luo Jessica
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Zooplankton diel vertical migration (DVM) is critical to ocean ecosystem dynamics and biogeochemical cycles, by supplying food and injecting carbon to the mesopelagic ocean (200–800 m). The deeper the zooplankton migrate, the longer the carbon is sequestered away from the atmosphere and the deeper the ecosystems they feed. Sparse observations show variations in migration depths over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. A major challenge, however, is to understand the biological and physical mechanisms controlling this variability, which is critical to assess impacts on ecosystem and carbon dynamics. Here, we introduce a migrating zooplankton model for medium and large zooplankton that explicitly resolves diel migration trajectories and biogeochemical fluxes. This model is integrated into the MOM6-COBALTv2 ocean physical-biogeochemical model, and applied in an idealized high-resolution (9.4 km) configuration of the North Atlantic. The model skillfully reproduces observed North Atlantic migrating zooplankton biomass and DVM patterns. Evaluation of the mechanisms controlling zooplankton migration depth reveals that chlorophyll shading reduces by 60 meters zooplankton migration depth in the subpolar gyre compared with the subtropical gyre, with pronounced seasonal variations linked to the spring bloom. Fine-scale spatial effects (<100 km) linked to eddy and frontal dynamics can either offset or reinforce the large-scale effect by up to 100 meters. This could imply that for phytoplankton-rich regions and filaments, which represent a major source of exportable carbon for migrating zooplankton, their high-chlorophyll content contributes to reducing zooplankton migration depth and carbon sequestration time.
Ensemble design for seasonal climate predictions: Studying extreme Arctic sea ice lows with a rare event algorithm
Authors: Sauer Jerome , Ragone Francesco , Massonnet François , Zappa Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Initialized ensemble simulations can help identify the physical drivers and assess the probabilities of weather and climate extremes based on a given initial state. However, the significant computational burden of complex climate models makes it challenging to quantitatively investigate extreme events with probabilities below a few percent. A possible solution to overcome this problem is to use rare event algorithms, i.e., computational techniques originally developed in statistical physics that increase the sampling efficiency of rare events in numerical simulations. Here, we apply a rare event algorithm to ensemble simulations with the intermediate complexity coupled climate model PlaSim-LSG to study extremes of pan-Arctic sea ice area reduction under pre-industrial greenhouse gas conditions. We construct seven pairs of control and rare event algorithm ensemble simulations each starting from seven different initial winter sea ice states. The rare event simulations produce sea ice lows with probabilities of at least two orders of magnitude smaller than feasible with the control ensembles, and drastically increase the number of extremes compared to direct sampling. We find that for a given probability level, the amplitude of negative late summer sea ice area anomalies strongly depends on the baseline winter sea ice thickness, but hardly on the baseline winter sea ice area. The experiments furthermore indicate a quasi-zero probability to internally generate a seasonally sea ice-free Arctic in this set-up. Finally, we investigate the physical processes in two trajectories leading to sea ice lows with conditional probabilities of less than 0.001 %. In both cases, negative late summer pan-Arctic sea ice area anomalies are preceded by negative spring sea ice thickness anomalies. These are related to enhanced surface downward longwave radiative and sensible heat fluxes in an anomalously moist, cloudy and warm atmosphere. During summer, extreme sea ice area reduction is favoured by enhanced open-water-formation efficiency, anomalously strong downward solar radiation and the sea ice-albedo feedback. This work highlights that the most extreme summer sea ice conditions result from the combined effects of preconditioning and weather variability, emphasizing the need for thoughtful ensemble design when turning to real applications.
Potential based Thermodynamics with Consistent Conservative Cascade Transport for Implicit Large Eddy Simulation: PTerodaC3TILES version 1.0
Authors: Thuburn John
Published: October 2024

Abstract. A new computational fluid dynamics code for Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of the atmospheric boundary layer and convection is presented and made available. A key novelty is that moist thermodynamics is formulated in terms of thermodynamic potentials, ensuring thermodynamic consistency. Despite the apparent complexity of the thermodynamic potential approach, the model's performance demonstrates that it is feasible and effective at reasonable computational cost for three-dimensional simulations. Semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian numerical methods are used; such methods are unusual for simulating boundary layer and convective flows and are more typical of global atmospheric models. Moreover, the model includes no explicit scheme to represent subgrid-scale fluxes of scalars and momentum but relies instead on the mixing and dissipation resulting from the numerical methods used; in other words, it employs Implicit LES (ILES). Sample results from several standard LES test cases show that the model's ability to capture the main aspects of the flows is comparable to other LES models. At the same time, the results highlight limitations of the ILES approach near the bottom boundary and suggest that ILES might need to be augmented in some way, for example, by distributing the convergence of surface fluxes over several model layers. Also, results for a marine stratocumulus case show a significant sensitivity to different options for the numerical methods and parameters used. Further development and application of the code would benefit from a deeper understanding of both the bottom boundary behaviour and the sensitivities to numerics.
Classification of drilling surface roughness on computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools based on Mobilenet_v3_small_improved
Authors: Chen Gang , Peng Wang , Tu Jiajun , Wang Wenyu , Zhao Haijun
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Computer numerical control (CNC) machine tool drilling is a crucial process in the contemporary manufacturing sector, facilitating high-precision fabrication of complex components and thus enhancing production efficiency and product quality. Surface roughness serves as a principal quality metric in machining operations. Spindle speed and feed rate are primary determinants influencing the surface roughness during the CNC drilling process. This study introduces data acquisition software developed on the Syntec CNC system and MySQL platform to enable real-time data capture and storage, setting a foundational dataset for subsequent analysis of roughness classification. Additionally, an enhanced roughness classification model using the improved MobileNet_v3_small model is presented. The model integrates dual time–frequency plot features of short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to provide novel input features for the MobileNet_v3_small architecture, the output of which is a workpiece surface roughness classification. Fusing the time–frequency features of STFT and CWT serves to refine the classification capability of the network structure. Validation of the network model followed during training, giving training, validation, and test accuracies of 85.2 %, 84 %, and 85.4 %, respectively. Comparative analysis with other lightweight industrial network models reveals that the improved MobileNet_v3_small model demonstrates average accuracy enhancements of approximately 10 %, 9 %, and 13 % across the training, validation, and test datasets, respectively. Reductions in the root mean square error averaged 0.15. Experimental results indicate the superior classification accuracy of the improved MobileNet_v3_small model in drilling surface roughness.
Constantly renewing glacial lakes in the Kyrgyz Range, northern Tien Shan
Authors: Daiyrov Mirlan , Narama Chiyuki
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Glacial lakes in the Kyrgyz Range of the northern Tien Shan, Kyrgyz Republic, Central Asia are monitored due to concern over possible glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) after recent glacier shrinkage in the area. To evaluate the status of these lakes, we investigated the number of glacial lakes and the lake area from 1968 to 2021 using Corona KH-4, Landsat (7 to 10), Sentinel-2, and PlanetScope satellite images. We found that the number of glacial lakes increased by 30 % from 417 in 1968 to 543 after 2000. However, some lakes vanished. In particular, 305 of the original 417 glacial lakes vanished by 2000, whereas 431 of the 543 glacial lakes identified between 2000 and 2021 formed after 2000. In addition, the total lake area significantly increased from 0.87 km2 in 1968 to 5.21 km2 in 2021. New glacial lakes rapidly formed because the glacier area has decreased by 32 % over the past 50 years, and the places from which glaciers retreated have changed into glacier-moraine complexes (GMCs) on which new lake basins appeared and expanded. Thus, the renewal of glacial lakes in the Kyrgyz Range is the outcome of glacier shrinkage and ice melting within GMCs.
A comprehensive crosshole seismic experiment in glacial sediments at the ICDP DOVE site in the Tannwald Basin
Authors: Beraus Sarah , Burschil Thomas , Buness Hermann , Köhn Daniel , Bohlen Thomas , Gabriel Gerald
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Glaciers have shaped the Alpine landscape by carving deep valleys and depositing sediments to form overdeepened basins. Understanding these processes provides information on the evolution of the climate and landscape. One such overdeepened structure is the Tannwald Basin (ICDP site 5068_1) north of Lake Constance, which was formed by the Rhine Glacier in several glacial cycles. In order to study these sediments and their seismic properties down to about 160 m depth, we conducted seismic crosshole experiments between three boreholes, obtaining compressional (P) wave data. The P-wave data are generated by a sparker source and recorded by a 24-station hydrophone string. We present the data acquisition and review our approach for future optimization, suggesting a finer time sampling interval and a separate registration of borehole and surface receivers. Travel-time tomography of the P-wave first-arrival picks under geostatistical constraints yields initial subsurface models. The tomograms correlate well with cased-hole sonic logs and the lithology derived from the core of one of the boreholes. These results will be further investigated in future research, which will include full-waveform inversion (FWI) to obtain high-resolution subsurface models.
Rural Vulnerability and the Ambiguous Legacy of Capitalism
Authors: De Keyzer Maïka
Published: October 2024

According to Prak and Van Zanden, land, labor and capital were by the later Middle Ages already primarily allocated through the market. While most scholars have pointed to a century of catastrophes and decline in the eighteenth century, they have focused on the continued growth and market development that took place in this period. While both authors are predominantly urban historians, the countryside plays an important or even defining role in the Dutch evolution toward capitalism. Even though Pioneers of Capitalism provides a wealth of information and points of discussion, I will focus on this aspect in this article.
Plague and Epidemic Disease in the Northern Parts of the Low Countries, 1349-1450
Authors: Curtis Daniel R.
Published: October 2024

This article reviews what we know about plague and other epidemic diseases in the northern Low Countries before 1450 – the evidence, its limitations, and its implications. I make three observations. First, sources suggest that the Black Death was severe in central inland areas, although we lack conclusive evidence for its impact in the county of Holland. Second, the recurring epidemics occurring in the northern Low Countries were often severe – in certain localities reaching death rates of 20-25 percent. In this respect, Holland was as afflicted as other areas in the Low Countries. Third, while the outbreak of 1439 was a notable exception, most epidemics in the northern Low Countries rarely occurred during or just after grain price spikes, suggesting that food crises were not major drivers of epidemic disease in the period 1349-1450. I support further attempts to obtain empirical evidence for the mortality effects of epidemics in the medieval Low Countries. Ultimately, this information can be the foundation behind insights into other important long-term narratives in social, demographic, and economic history in the region.
A Mixed-Methods Study to Investigate the Effect of Person-Centred Videos on Students’ Attitudes Toward Individuals with Disabilities
Authors: Albagshi Amira , Miller Darcy , Alshemari Hawaa
Published: October 2024

A mixed-methods research design was employed to explore the attitudes of typically developing elementary school students (students 8 through 13 years of age; in the United States, third through eighth grade) toward individuals with disabilities. The intervention consisted of person-centred videos that depicted productive, successful people with disabilities accomplishing life tasks were shown during 1 week of school assemblies in an elementary school that included kindergarten through eighth-grade students. Pre-and post-intervention, 42 students completed the Chedoke-McMaster Attitudes Towards Children With Handicaps (CATCH) survey (Rosenbaum et al., 1986; “CATCH,” n.d.). Ten students participated in a 40-minute focus-group session after the intervention. Results showed an increase in the affective and cognitive components of students’ attitudes post-intervention with no change in the behavioural component of students’ attitudes. Limitations, implications, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Safely Navigating the "Dangerous Space Between Good Intentions and Meaningful Interventions": A Study on the Use of School Suspensions in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Eblie Trudel Lesley , Davies Wayne
Published: October 2024

This qualitative study delves into the perspectives of school leaders in a Canadian province, exploring their views on student suspensions and alternative approaches to school discipline. Amid a provincial advocacy organization’s call for a review and reduction of suspensions in that jurisdiction, the study captures both constructive and critical views of school leaders on the practice. Findings reveal a general endorsement of the authority to suspend students under specific conditions. School leaders are, however, conflicted about what constitutes the condition of imminent safety risk, and they advocate for discretion in making that determination. Proposing progressive-discipline strategies as alternatives, they underscore the necessity of available external resources from provincial social systems to ensure the viability and success of suggested alternatives. Collectively, this study navigates the landscape of school discipline, emphasizing the delicate balance between maintaining order and fostering an environment that is conducive for all involved in supporting student success.
Alumnado con NEAE en el aula de música. Experiencia y formación del profesorado en inclusión educativa
Authors: Gisbert Caudeli Vicenta Gisbert , Navarro Lalanda Sara , Vela González Marta
Published: October 2024

La incorporación del alumnado con NEAE en el aula de música supone un importante reto para los docentes especialistas. Esta investigación se concentra en la visión del docente en música en todas sus vertientes: enseñanza generalista, Conservatorio, Escuelas Municipales y Universidad. Los objetivos de este trabajo se han centrado en conocer la experiencia y formación de los docentes en educación inclusiva, cuantificar las destrezas adquiridas por su alumnado y averiguar su percepción sobre sus necesidades formativas al respecto. La muestra está conformada por un total de 94 docentes especialistas en música de la isla de Tenerife (Canarias, España). Se trata de un estudio mixto con diseño selectivo y transversal, la toma de datos se ha realizado mediante un cuestionario ad hoc sometido a criterio de expertos. El cuestionario tiene tres apartados, uno dedicado a aspectos sociodemográficos, otro sobre destrezas adquiridas en el aula de música que se ha diseñado a modo Likert y la última con carácter cualitativo donde se indaga sobre prácticas, actitudes y mejoras en la formación docente. Se concluye con una evidente necesidad formativa para proporcionar mejor atención al alumnado con NEAE, cada vez más frecuente en las aulas de música, coinciden los participantes en la importancia de la formación permanente para incorporar recursos actualizados y efectivos.
Effect of tantalum doping on the microstructure and photoelectrical properties of transparent conductive zinc oxide films
Authors: Yi Kai , Jiang Hongxu , Cai Yanbo , Wang Guangwei , Liu Fei , Wang Deliang ,   Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
Published: October 2024

ZnO thin films with varying Ta concentrations were fabricated through magnetron sputtering. The crystallinity and surface morphology of the ZnO films are significantly influenced by the incorporation of Ta, as evidenced by the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results. The lattice constants, as determined by X-ray diffraction, contradict the disparity in Ta and Zn ion radii, which is attributed to the impact of interstitial defects. This inconsistency introduces variations in carrier concentration in this experiment compared with prior studies. Subsequent exploration of the luminescent characteristics and emission mechanism of defect levels in Ta-doped ZnO films was conducted through photoluminescence. Furthermore, the factors influencing the bandgap are discussed.
KEPEMIMPINAN Kepemimpinan Dengan Kepribadian Koleris
Authors: Fransius Kusmanto  , Oci Markus , Serenity Fransisca Adelia
Published: October 2024

Pemimpin adalah orang yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk memengaruhi sekelompok orang dalam usaha mencapai tujuan organisasi maupun tujuan yang lainnya. Pemimpin sangat dibutuhkan dalam suatu komunitas. Tanpa pemimpin maka akan besar kemungkinan komunitas mengalami kekacauan. Kepemimpinan yang baik adalah kepemimpinan yang mampu menempatkan diri dan melihat peluang yang ada dalam setiap situasi. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting memainkan peran yang baik dalam setiap kepemimpinan. Namun, tidak semua orang bisa menjadi pemimpin yang baik dalam setiap situasi. Kepemimpinan seseorang dapat terlihat bagaimana orang tersebut mengambil keputusan, hak ini menjadi inti kepemiminan. Ada pemimpin yang susah mengambil keputusan yang membuat bawahannya menjadi bingung dan bahkan mengalami perpecahan. Di sisi lain, dalam sebuah komunitas kepribadian seorang pemimpin sangat memengaruhi dirinya dalam berindak. Tujuan dalam karya tulis ini adalah untuk mengetahui gaya kepemimpinan seseorang dengan kepribadian koleris. Penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mengetahui gaya kepemimpinan koleris secara keseluruhan yang mampu memberi jawab dalam sebuah kepemimpinan yang baik, didukung dengan berbagai sumber yang ada seperti buku, artikel dan maupun jurnal-jurnal yang ada. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu kepemimpinan dengan kepribadian koleris adalah kepemimpinan yang sangat baik untuk memimpin karena mampu membawa perubahan bagi orang yang dipimpinnya dengan keputusan-keputusan yang diambil meskipun dalam situasi sulit sekalipun.
Navigating Educational Transformation: The Role of University Teachers in Post-Pandemic– A Case Study of Egyptian Higher Education
Authors: Ismail Nashwa , Samy Doaa , Ismail Gihan , Selim Ayman
Published: October 2024

In the consequences of a crisis such as a pandemic, educational systems often undergo phases of crisis management, which may inadvertently result in a return to pre-disaster educational practices. This study delves into the current role of academic teachers in Egyptian Higher Education post-pandemic, aiming to maintain pandemic-induced advancements and enhance online learning environments. Using a mixed-methods approach, surveys with 51 university academics and interviews with 7 educators were conducted. The findings highlight significant transformations in teacher roles and instructional methods, particularly with the rise of hybrid learning. However, gaps remain in understanding blended learning ratios and promoting student collaboration. Key findings include educators' flexibility, enhanced leadership skills, and the challenge of addressing the digital divide among students. The study addresses the need for comprehensive strategies to ensure equitable access to technology and learning opportunities, while addressing gaps in collaboration and Continuing Professional Development (CPD) among teachers.
A case report: Surgical Release for De Quervain Syndrome after conservative treatment of distal radius fracture
Authors: Nguyen Manh Khanh , Dinh Ngoc Liem , Luu Danh Huy , Pham Ngoc Dinh , Nguyen Moc Son , Do Vu Anh
Published: October 2024

Objective

Describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of De Quervain Syndrome and the result of the surgery for De Quervain Syndrome after conservative treatment of distal radius fracture

Subjects and methods

A case report.

Results

De Quervain Syndrome is a condition that involves tendon entrapment affecting the first dorsal compartment of the wrist. It has been reported that De Quervain Syndrome can also develops after distal radius fracture. We report a case that the patient was diagnosed with De Quervain Syndrome after conservative treatment of distal radius fracture. During surgery we noticed that the patient had separated tendon sheaths for abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB). EPB tendon sheath was released and reconstructed to prevent tendon subluxation. After 6 months, patient was feeling no pain and very satisfied.

Conclusions

De Quervain Syndrome development after distal radius fracture is rare. The successful surgery got the patient came back to work normally.
New records of the Testate Amoebae from Norway
Authors: Opravilová Vera
Published: October 2024

A total of 8 samples consisting of moss, liverwort and sediments were analysed from three localities in Norway. The first locality - A (4 samples) is situated in northern Norway approximately 100 km south of Narvik, the second - B (3 samples) and third - C (1 sample) localities are situated in southern Norway. Samples were taken from brooks and surrounding area, and in one case from the sediment of the lake Finsevatnet. In total, we identified 59 taxa, of these 39 taxa were found in locality A, 43 taxa were found in locality B and 34 taxa were found in locality C. The highest abundance of taxa was found in the genera Centropyxis and Difflugia. Eleven taxa were recorded for the first time not only in Norway but in the whole subarctic area of northern Europe.
Epigaeic spiders (Araneae) from three habitats at Stryn, Nordfjord, Western Norway
Authors: Hauge Erling , Bruvoll Anders , Solhøy Torstein
Published: October 2024

One year of pitfall sampling in (A) a narrow strip of vegetation (junipers, Rosa sp., small pines) close to a river bank, (B) a cultivated medium humid meadow and (C) a humid deciduous forest (Alnus) with some grass on the ground collected a total of 25, 48 and 32 species, respectively (in total 67 species). Shannon indices of general diversity (ln e) were 1.8, 2.1 and 3.1, respectively. The three sites shared only 9 species, 57% of all species were found in only one locality. Similarity indices were low, especially between loc. A and C. Linyphiidae and Lycosidae were dominant. The latter were scarce in loc. B and C but common at loc. A (Pardosa palustris and P. amentata together comprising 43.5% of total) and net building species more scarce. The local distribution, co-existence, ecological and habitat preferences, seasonal activity and body size of some common species are briefly discussed. For some species, aspects of geographical distribution are discussed.
Blinded by the view? An ecological landscape is more than just pretty scenery
Authors: Linnell John D.C. , Andersen Reidar
Published: October 2024

Report from the Research Council of Norway’s conference on “The changing landscape”, Oslo, 27-28 March 2001.