bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Ethosomal Cream of Passiflora foetida Linn. for the Treatment of Psoriasis
Authors: Jadhao Umesh , Tare Harshal
Published: April 2024

Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition with the most significant and far-reaching consequences for humans. In order to cure psoriasis, an herbal ethosomal cream was developed, and one of the plants that went into its production was the Passiflora foetida Linn. plant. A large number of distinct phytochemical identification tests were carried out with the use of a broad range of reagents. The ability of an antioxidant to reduce free radicals, as measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), is one way that its effectiveness may be shown. Coconut oil, olive oil, and vitamin E oil are the three essential oils combined to make the final product. All of these oils bring its own unique set of medicinal benefits to the table. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis carried out on the herbal extract revealed the presence of phytoconstituents inside the sample. The overall quality of the cream that was produced was evaluated. The LC-MS approach was used to dissect the anti-inflammatory and psoriasis-fighting components included in herbal remedies. An attempt to treat psoriasis using herbal medicine was made using the ethosomes of the P. foetida Linn. plant.
Desitometric Development and Validation for Simultaneous Determination of Antiretroviral Drugs Lamivudine, Zidovudine and Nevirapine in Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets
Authors: Shelke Ashwini , Lokhande Tushar
Published: April 2024

A cutting-edge high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) approach designed for simultaneous measurement of tablets containing drugs like lamivudine, nevirapine, and zidovudine. Chromatograms were performed employing chloroform and methanol (8:2 v/v) on pre-coated silica gel aluminum thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates. The data was quantified using the optical density absorbance mode at 271 nm. The Rf values for lamivudine, zidovudine, and nevirapine were 0.140, 0.523, and 0.678, respectively. Linearity was found for lamivudine, zidovudine and nevirapine at concentrations of 150 to 900 ng band-1, 300 to 1800 and 200 to 1200 ng band-1, respectively. Lamivudine had a lower limit of detection (LLoD) of 27.36 ng band-1 and a lower limit of quantitation (LLoQ) of 82.91 ng band-1, whereas zidovudine had LoQs of 64.13 ng band-1 and 194.34 ng band-1. For nevirapine, the values were 35.52 and 107.64 ng band-1, respectively. Lamivudine had a lower LoD of 27.36 ng band-1 and a lower LoQ of 82.91 ng band-1, whereas zidovudine had LoQs of 64.13 and 194.34 ng band-1. For nevirapine, the values were 35.52 and 107.64 ng band-1, respectively. The recovery, specificity, and accuracy of this device have been demonstrated. This new formulation evaluated market tablet formulations of the above drugs (Duovir, Cipla Ltd.). The developed method demonstrated the ability to simultaneously identify these drugs from quantitative data without interference.
UFLC Method Development and Validation for Anti-retroviral Drugs, Investigation of Greenness Assessment using Complex GAPI, AGREE and AMGS SPREADSHEET
Authors: Kumar Bommaiah P , Pasha Toppada Y
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The study’s proposal was to establish a method of development and validation by green chromatography technique for antiviral drugs, as well as to assess the proposed method’s greenness using various tools, which is one of the emerging developments in the analytical field. The chromatographic separation is achieved by using Eclipse plus C18 (250 x 4.6, 5 μm) column by applying isocratic elution using the mobile phase containing methanol and isopropyl acetate in the ratio of (60:40% v/v) with 1-mL/min flow rate. The separation of drugs is achieved by using a greener mobile phase. Results: The retention time of ritonavir and ombitasvir was found to be 1.854 and 8.09 minutes, respectively. The regression coefficient (R2) is 0.997 for both drugs. Accuracy and precision is evaluated for the method and found be within the limit and the results were reproducible. Assessment of the method was carried out using the three different tools. The developed method is anticipated to be eco-friendly, an alternative to the developed method HPLC method in regard to safe solvent, less toxic and less run time. The developed method was found suitable for the simultaneous estimation in their combined dosage form.
Comparative Studies on Simultaneous Estimation of Metformin, Empagliflozin, Remogliflozin, Glimepride and Gliclazide by using RP-HPLC and Diol Technique
Authors: Gulhane Chaitanya , Game Madhuri
Published: April 2024

Retaining extremely polar metformin and its combination with other non-polar antidiabetic drugs can be difficult and challenging by using the most common reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The retention time of metformin is comparatively short when separated, utilizing C18-based RPC. Peak fronting and tailing effects are commonly observed with metformin (MET), its combination with highly polar antidiabetic medicines, and early elution with void volume. However, normal phase chromatography may occasionally be rendered ineffective due to the low solubility of polar analytes in organic solvents. Therefore, a different and complementary strategy is required for the separation of such a highly polar drug. A more advantageous platform is mixed-mode chromatography. The use of this newer technique of separations has been increased because of its advantages over C18-based RPC for its efficiency, selectivity, sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility towards simultaneous quantification of selected drugs. In this study, we compared two established chromatographic methods for simultaneous quantification of metformin and other moderately polar antidiabetic medications, including empagliflozin, remogliflozin, glimepride, and gliclazide, both in their pure form and in combination tablet dosage. An isocratic elution based on solvent a 15 mM ammonium acetate-Methanol: acetonitrile (10:90 v/v) was used as the mobile phase in first method, which is reversed-phase HPLC with a Zodiac C18 column and chromatographic separation on a 150 × 4.6 mm acclaimed mix mode HILIC-1 column with a particle size of 5 μm. In accordance with ICH standards, both approaches underwent exhaustive validation for linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, and resilience. Metformin, empagliflozin, ramogliflozin, glimepride, and gliclazide have not yet been reported to be separated using any method.
Development and Validation of Stability Indicating UV Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Resveratrol in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Pathade Parag , Sumrao Anjali , Sonawane Bhushan , Shirode Dhanshree , Shewale Sagar , Shinde Vaishnavi , Bairagi Vinod
Published: April 2024

A simple, sensitive, accurate, trustworthy, and stable UV spectrophotometric approach has been devised to quantify resveratrol in pharmaceutical formulations and bulk materials. After scanning the UV spectrum from 200 to 400 nm, the highest wavelength for absorption was determined to be 306 nm. For the medication, Beer’s rule has been adhered to within a concentration range of 1 to 5 μg/mL. While the developed method was able to recover a good amount of drug (%Recovery), the precision study’s percentage RSD values were ≥2%. The method demonstrated effective functionality for a pharmaceutical dosage form containing resveratrol, free from interference from the excipients. Correspondingly, the limit of detection (LoD) for resveratrol were 0.13 and 0.40 μg/mL. The results of this investigation have been confirmed in accordance with ICH standards. Research on artificial degradation has been greenlit, which investigates the impacts of several environmental factors over a broad pH spectrum, including heat, oxidation, photolysis, and hydrolysis vulnerability
Comprehensive Study of Ehretia laevis in Treatment of Diabetes and Related Complications
Authors: Lote Sukeshini , Kshirsagar Mahendra , Mohale Deepak , Chandewar Anil
Published: April 2024

Diabetes mellitus appears to be a significant health issue globally, impacting millions of individuals and imposing an economic strain on healthcare systems all over the world. The pursuit of effective and safe alternative therapies has led researchers to investigate therapeutic plants with probable antidiabetic activity. This article highlights a comprehensive study investigating the therapeutic potential of Ehretia laevis in controlling of diabetes and associated complications in rats. The phytochemical investigation of E. laevis extracts observed phytoconstituents like flavonoids, phenolics, and triterpenoids. These phytoconstituents are known to possess antidiabetic properties. By injecting 60 mg/kg of STZ intraperitoneally once, rats were induced to develop diabetes. According to the experimental study, blood glucose levels were significantly reduced from 270 to 118 mg/dl after administering 200 and 400 mg/kg of aqueous and methanolic E. laevis extracts. Further evaluations on serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) revealed a significant reduction in their values, highlighting the control of liver complications. A lowering of serum urea and creatinine levels served to assess kidney-related complications. This comprehensive study sheds light on the potential of E. laevis in the treatment of diabetes and paves a path for the development of formulations, however, further mechanistic evaluation could be explored.
Formulation and Assessment of Lipid-based Nanoformulation of Luliconazole
Authors: Sinhal Amit , Wagh Rajendra
Published: April 2024

The luliconazole preformulation study aimed to determine the best way to administer medicine using SNEDDS. The plain white powder, luciconazole, showed a number of different crystal structures and was very soluble in isopropyl myristate and oleic acid, as confirmed through partition coefficients in n-octanol. With a robust linear standard curve at 295 nm, UV spectroscopy verified its dependability for analysis. Luliconazole and the necessary excipients for SNEDDS formulation were found to be compatible according to fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. Using a 32-factorial design enhanced the efficacy and stability of SN-7 batches, especially when diluted with water. Thermal studies revealed formulation dynamics-critical thermal behaviors and crystalline structures (DSC and XRD). The end SNEDDS showed a strong suppression of Candida albicans growth and a higher viscosity, allowing for longer surface retention. Ethical approval facilitated comparative evaluations against a commercial formulation. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis validated SN-7’s purity, enabling a benchmark for monitoring luliconazole plasma concentrations post-application and ex-vivo permeation studies, vital for potential fungal infection treatments. A rigorous three-month stability study affirmed SN-7’s unwavering properties across diverse environmental conditions, ensuring sustained effectiveness. An IEAC-approved skin irritation study on albino wistar rats endorsed SN-7’s minimal irritancy, underscoring its safety and comfort, which is pivotal for pharmaceutical acceptance in topical drug delivery.
Pulsatile Drug Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: V Ravali , Balaji P
Published: April 2024

sigmoidal drug release profile is formed when a pulsatile drug delivery system (PDDI) initiates drug administration and follows it up with rapid and complete drug release. It ensures the correct dosage of the drug is delivered at the right time and place. Pulsatile drug delivery is effective for treating asthma, arthritis, cancer, diabetes, epilepsy, hypertension, ulcers, and hypercholesterolemia, among others. There are many types of delivery systems in the pharmaceutical industry, including capsular, osmotic, single and multi-unit designs and membranes that are soluble and erodible. Innovations are directed toward conditions such as those requiring nocturnal dosing, high first-pass effects, and site-specific absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. In particular, these systems make dosing more convenient for patients, resulting in better compliance. As a result of the use of chronomodulated drug delivery systems, pharmaceutical therapy is more effective with a personalized approach.
A Comprehensive Review on 3D Printing of Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Korni Rama D , Majji Akhil , Bora Thanmaisree , Chelikani Bhargavi , Gandi Dileep K
Published: April 2024

The development of 3D printing technology has caused a paradigm shift in the pharmaceutical industry by making it possible to produce drugs on demand and according to a patient’s specific needs. This review paper aims to examine the developments, difficulties, and potential applications of 3D printing in the pharmaceutical industry. We examine the various methods used, the benefits it provide, the regulatory issues, and possible uses of 3D printing in the pharmaceutical sector. Additionally, we talk about how 3D printing will affect drug research, patient care, and the state of healthcare as a whole.
Therapeutic Potential of Nanomaterial-based Drug Delivery
Authors: Umapathy Vidhya R , Natarajan Prabhu M , Swamikannu Bhuminathan
Published: April 2024

The medical market for sophisticated therapeutic medicine delivery systems is growing at a breakneck pace. There are many benefits to using nanotechnology and nanomaterials in treating chronic human illnesses, such as the ability to target the delivery of drugs to particular areas. Improving the therapeutic effectiveness of current and future medications might be as simple as creating new drug delivery methods. The prime applications related to nanomaterial drug delivery include immunotherapeutic agents, diagnostic testing, cancer therapy and nutraceutical delivery. Nanotechnology has the capacity to collaborate with physics, biologists, chemists and pharmaceutics to form a multidisciplinary contribution in the rise of novel diagnostic and therapeutic technology. Nanomaterials can be used in specific sites targeted by drugs for brain illnesses. These nanodrugs can cause lesser immune response and maintain low inflammatory conditions compared to heavy drug particles. Along with this, nanodrugs can cause damage at the genetic level, create oxidative stress and inhibit cell death according to their particle size, shape, surface and its composition. In this current review various applications, current trends and recent developments in nanomaterials are elucidated. The detailed mechanism and cutting edge nanomaterial based drug delivery were explained along with this.
A Review on Natural Polymer Tamarind Seed Polysaccharide
Authors: Mishra Rishabh , Parashar Tarun , Morris Srishti , Jakhmola Vikash
Published: April 2024

The developing interest in normal polymers for different applications has brought tTamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) into the spotlight. Gotten from Tamarindus indica seeds, TSP’s special properties make it a convincing biopolymer. This complete audit investigates TSP’s attributes, extraction techniques, and far reaching applications. Featuring its part in drug delivery, wound healing, and then some, the audit highlights TSP’s biocompatibility, mucoadhesive nature, and adaptability. While TSP offers various advantages, challenges like extraction hardships and variable organization exist. Future possibilities in drugs include progressed drug delivery system, biocompatible supplements, and creative oral definitions. The survey likewise underscores the requirement for thorough clinical preliminaries, protected innovation contemplations, and joint effort for TSP’s fruitful interpretation into certifiable applications. In general, TSP emerges as a promising biopolymer with significant industry-wide potential
Investigations and treatment of photodermatoses
Authors: Prabhu Smitha S.
Published: April 2024

The photodermatoses comprise of a miscellaneous set of photosensitive disorders with abnormal cutaneous response to sunlight. The diagnosis is mostly clinical and is augmented by methods such as phototesting, photoprovocation testing, and photopatch testing, which are discussed below. Treatment includes photoprotection, prophylactic phototherapy, as well as topical and systemic immunosuppression to varying extents. Various newer modalities for photoprotection as well as treatment are being explored.
Influence and Norm Entrepreneurship: Azerbaijan’s Strategic Deployment of Soft Power
Authors: Asgarov Sirus
Published: April 2024

In this article, it is mentioned that Azerbaijan’s strategic deployment of soft power across a variety of realms, including economic and public diplomacy, educational initiatives, and humanitarian leadership, is examined. It is clearly understood from this text that Azerbaijan is actively shaping global conversations and ideals, earning it the reputation of being a norm entrepreneur. Situated at the crossroads of cultural, economic, and political trends, the significance of leveraging its considerable energy resources and economic alliances to bolster its international standing is recognized by Azerbaijan. This analysis explores Azerbaijan as a norm entrepreneur and reveals its ability to respond quickly in crisis situations and global cooperation. At the same time, the article analyzes the priority issues that Azerbaijan has set before itself since the 1990s - issues such as the liberation of its lands from occupation, bringing these situations to the attention of the international community, and preventing all kinds of provocations, and the indispensable role of cultural and public diplomacy in this sense are analyzed. While highlighting the country’s commitment to global solidarity, the challenges posed by the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, and the delicate balance required when using energy resources for political leverage are critically examined in the article. A considerable effort towards resolving the intricate connection between economic power and infrastructural improvements is made. Through ambitious projects like the Baku International Sea Trade Port and the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railway, not only is Azerbaijan’s economic prowess enhanced but also its significance in ensuring energy stability in Europe is solidified. More than that, this fact is about widening economic exchanges, the importance of a single market, and enhancing Azerbaijan’s soft power through more cooperation.
PEMANFAATAN POTENSI PEMBANGKITAN DAYA THERMOELEKTRIK PADA KENDARAAN BERMOTOR DENGAN METODE SEEBECK EFFECT
Authors: Olanda Beto , Sari Churnia
Published: April 2024

Kegiatan manusia erat dengan pemanfaatan inovasi, kendaraan bermotor memudahkan mobilitas manusia. Efisiensi panas kendaraan bermotor sekitar 35-40%, sisanya dibuang begitu saja. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pemanfaatan energi terbuang pada limbah panas kendaraan. Tujuan dari pembuatan perangkat TEG untuk menghasilkan energi listrik ketika perbedaan temperature antara dua material semi konduktor, thermoelektrik akan mengalirkan arus sehingga menghasilkan tegangan dikenal dengan seebeck effect. Metode pengumpulan data berupa observasi secara langsung. Penelitian ini menggunakan kendaraan Honda Tiger 200cc, mendapatkan temperatur sisi panas 105,8°C, selisih temperatur 94,6°C, beda temperatur 11,2°C, tegangan 3,1V, tahanan modul 45,4 Ohm. Hasil perhitungan koefisien seebeck (a) 0,27 V, arus (I) 0,066A, Panas terserap (Qh) 13.05 Watt, Daya (P) dihasilkan 0,204 Watt, dan efisiensi (𝜂) 1,56%. Penelitian ini  mengukur perbedaan jarak, waktu, temperatur, dan daya tersimpan dibaterai diperoleh hasil: jarak kurang dari 2 km daya belum bisa, jarak 5 km sampai 15 km waktu tempuh 8 sampai 25 menit,  temperatur  69,1 sampai 105,8°C daya tersimpan 120 sampai 480 mAh dan ketika lebih dari 15 km daya tersimpan semakin banyak temperatur maksimal 108°C. Alat berhasil dibuat dengan memanfaatkan limbah panas buang kendaraan menjadi energi listrik yang  digunakan sebagai pengecasan atau kebutuhan lainnya.
PERENCANAAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA DI GEDUNG LAB TERPADU UNIVERSITAS PGRI MADIUN
Authors: Prasetya Hangga , Sunaryantiningsih Ina , Yuniahastuti Irna Tri
Published: April 2024

Energi merupakan kebutuhan dasar semua manusia. Sebagian besar kebutuhan energi saat ini dipenuhi oleh energi dari bahan bakar fosil seperti batu bara, minyak, dan gas alam. Namun, pasokan energi saat ini menurun. Jika tidak segera ditangani, tidak menutup kemungkinan akan terjadinya krisis energi. maka tujuan dari penulisan artikel ilmiah ini adalah untuk merancang sebuah Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) di gedung Lab Terpadu Universitas PGRI Madiun sebagai langkah pemanfaatan sumber EBT. Metode pengumpulan data berupa observasi di Lab Terpadu Universitas PGRI Madiun. Perencanaan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) ini meliputi pemilihan panel surya, inverter, dan kerangka kaki-kaki panel surya. Kemudian dilakukan perhitungan daya output PLTS dan juga penghematan biaya perbulan. Hasil perhitungan dalam perencanaan PLTS ini menunjukkan bahwa daya yang terpasang di Lab Terpadu Universitas PGRI sebesar 197 kVA, sedangkan pemakaian daya di gedung Lab Terpadu Universitas PGRI Madiun dalam sebulan sebesar 15.236 kWh/bulan. PLTS ini mampu membangkitkan daya sebesar 378,8 kWh/hari,yang berarti dimana PLTS mampu membangkitkan daya sebesar 11.364 kWh/bulan. Apabila di asumsikan harga listrik dari PLN saat ini adalah ,berarti PLTS ini telah menghemat sebesar  dari biaya tanggungan listrik di gedung Lap Terpadu UNIPMA untuk setiap bulannya.
PERANCANGAN ALAT PEMBERIAN PAKAN IKAN OTOMATIS BERBASIS REAL TIME CLOCK (RTC)
Authors: Putra Very Andika , Fandidarma Bayu
Published: April 2024

Elektronik berkembang pesat, dan ini membuat hidup lebih mudah untuk perangkat yang dapat mengotomatiskan tugas-tugas yang biasanya ditangani oleh manusia. Otomasi adalah bagian tak terelakkan dari semua sektor, termasuk industri pemeliharaan ikan. Penggunaan alat bantu seperti pengumpan ikan dan pendingin air membuat perawatan ikan menjadi lebih mudah dan efisien. Pemeliharaan ikan dalam akuarium tidak terlepas dari pemberian pakan ikan. Masalah utama pemberian makan ikan oleh pemilik adalah seringkali tidak dijadwalkan secara teratur. Untuk itu diperlukan cara bagaimana pakan ikan hias tersebut dapat diberikan secara otomatis dengan waktu pemberian pakan yang dapat ditentukan oleh pemilik aquarium. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara merancang sebuah alat yang dapat memberi pakan ikan hias di aquarium secara otomatis berbasis real time clock.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan, penulis memperoleh hasil bahwa alat yang dirancang telah mampu bekerja untuk memberikan makanan ikan dalam aquarium dengan cara memberikan waktu yang diinginkan dan akan secara otomatis memberikan pakan secara terus menerus sesuai dengan waktu yang telah ditetapkan.
SISTEM MONITORING PENGGUNAAN AIR SAWAH MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO UNO
Authors: Wibowo Agung Budhi , Laksono Ridam Dwi
Published: April 2024

Tanaman padi adalah salah satu tanaman penting di pertanian mengingat nasi merupakan salah satu makanan utama di Indonesia. Air Merupakan kebutuhan pokok tanaman padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memudahkan petani atau seseorang mengendalikan pompa air sawah sesuai yang diinginkan. Pengoperasian pompa air dimusim kemarau sangat rutin, serta sering sekali diperlukan untuk mengaktifkan pompa air tersebut dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Maka, tidak efektif jika semua aktivitas itu dilakukan secara manual. Untuk menciptakan hal tersebut, perlunya pemanfaatan teknologi sebaik mungkin pada setiap aktivitas manusia. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian dengan membuat sistem monitoring pengairan tanaman padi dengan tujuan membuat sebuah alat yang dapat menciptakan kemudahan bagi pemilik pompa. Pada penelitian ini akan menggunakan arduino uno sebagai perangkat untuk mengolah data sesuai dengan perintah, RTC sebagai kontrol jam yang berjalan mundur, sensor flow sebagai pembaca kecepatan dan volume air, LCD untuk menampilkan dari perintah, dan keypad untuk mengirimkan perintah. Hasil dari perancangan ini berhasil merancang alat yang mampu menghitung mundur jam, mengkonversi harga, memperlihatkan kecepatan air, dan volume air. Pada penelitian yang dilakukan ini juga menghasilkan alat yang mampu beroperasi dalam jangka waktu yang lama dan cara pengoperasian yang mudah dipahami. Dari pengujian RTC memiliki tingkat keberhasilan 100% dari lima pengujian, pengujian sensor flow mempunyai selisih 0.4-2%, pengujian ketahanan alat tidak terjadi error, dan pengujian keseluruhan alat tidak terjadi error.
Impact of Collimator and Absorber on the Spectra Measured with High Pressure Xenon Gamma-Ray Spectrometer Prototype
Authors:   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Madzhidov A. I. , Dmitrenko V. V. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Ulin S. E. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Vlasik K. F. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Grachev V. M. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Egorov R. R. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Krivova K. V. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Uteshev Z. M. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Shustov A. E. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI
Published: April 2024

The paper investigates the possibility in principle of determining the nuclide composition and activity of gammasources by analyzing the measured gamma-spectra provided an absorber installed between the gamma-sources and a xenon gamma-spectrometer placed in a cylindrical lead collimator.
Time-resolved Spectroelectrochemical Investigation of Organic Mixed Conductors
Authors: Cavassin Priscila , Banerji Natalie
Published: April 2024

Organic mixed ionic and electronic conductors (OMIECs) are an emerging class of materials that have been applied for a wide range of electrochemical applications. Due to the complexity inherent to the ionic-electroniccoupling, understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in the OMIEC operation is an exciting and very lively research field. In this work, we highlight the use of time-resolved Vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry tocharacterize these materials. We discuss an example, where we show that by combining this tool with spectraldecomposition, we are able to understand fundamental aspects of the doping in an OMIEC film. The methodswe present here can be generalized and used to characterize any electrochromic material.
A Baldwin-favored Cyclization Inspires the Development of Fluorogenic Polymethine Dyes for Bioimaging
Authors: Martin Annabell , Rivera Fuentes Pablo
Published: April 2024

Fluorescence imaging is an invaluable tool to study biological processes, and fluorogenic dyes are crucial to enhance cell permeability and target intracellular structures with high specificity. Polymethine dyes are vitally important fluorophores in single-molecule localization microscopy and in vivo imaging, but their use in live cells has been limited by high background fluorescence and low membrane permeability. Here, we present a general strategy to transform polymethine compounds into fluorogenic dyes by implementing a 5-exo-trig ring-closure. This method provides access to bright, fluorogenic polymethine dyes with emissions across the visible and near-infrared spectrum.
From C–H to C–N Bonds: Three Challenges, Three Catalysts, Three Solutions
Authors: Stroek Wowa , Albrecht Martin
Published: April 2024

N-heterocycles are key building blocks for many pharmaceutical products. An efficient and sustainable method for the synthesis of this class of compounds consists of the recently established intramolecular C–H amination reaction. Development of new iron-based catalysts for this transformation is of paramount importance. Herein, three major challenges in this field are addressed: the accessibility of the catalyst, the lack of mechanisticunderstanding, and the limited activity and robustness of the catalyst. These challenges are tackled by threedifferent catalysts. The first catalyst is the commercially available FeI2, that shows good activities, but is limitedto substrates with activated C–H bonds. The Fe(HMDS)2 catalyst is used to perfom in-depth mechanistic studies, revealing key intermediates of the C–H amination reaction. The third catalyst, featuring mesoionic carbene ligands, displays unprecedented activities and aminates various C–H bonds.
Solving Intractable Chemical Problems by Tensor Decomposition
Authors: Glaser Nina , Reiher Markus
Published: April 2024

Many complex chemical problems encoded in terms of physics-based models become computationally intractable for traditional numerical approaches due to their unfavorable scaling with increasing molecular size. Tensor decomposition techniques can overcome such challenges by decomposing unattainably large numerical representations of chemical problems into smaller, tractable ones. In the first two decades of this century, algorithms based on such tensor factorizations have become state-of-the-art methods in various branches of computational chemistry, ranging from molecular quantum dynamics to electronic structure theory and machine learning. Here, we consider the role that tensor decomposition schemes have played in expanding the scope of computational chemistry. We relate some of the most prominent methods to their common underlying tensor network formalisms, providing a unified perspective on leading tensor-based approaches in chemistry and materials science.
Tuning NaCo(II) Bimetallic Cooperativity to Perform Co–H Exchange / C–F Bond Activation Processes in Polyfluoroarenes
Authors: Logallo Alessandra , Hevia Eva
Published: April 2024

Recent advances in cooperative chemistry have shown the potential of heterobimetallic complexes combining an alkali-metal with an earth abundant divalent transition metal for the functionalisation of synthetically relevant aromatic molecules via deprotonative metalation. Pairing sodium with cobalt (II), here we provide an overview of the reactivity of bimetallic [NaCo(HMDS)3] [HMDS = N(SiMe3)2] towards C-H and C-F functionalisation of a wide range of perfluorinated molecules. These studies also uncover the enormous potential of this heterobimetallic base to perform Co-H exchanges with excellent selectivity and exceptional stoichiometric control as well as shedding light on the key role played by the alkali-metal.
Electrocatalytic Conversion of Small Molecules Utilizing Concerted Proton-electron Transfer Mediators
Authors: Walker Alessandro , Mougel Victor
Published: April 2024

Activation of small molecules such as CO2, N2 or organic substrates and their subsequent transformation into complex value-added chemicals by electrocatalysis, utilizing renewable energy sources under ambient conditions, has gained considerable interest in the last few years. However, activation of these chemically inert molecules is hindered by their intrinsically high activation energy barrier presupposing the development of tailored catalytic systems, often precluding selective transformation to the desired target products. Recent studies have shown that the utilization of concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET) mediators (med-H) may facilitate these challenging electrocatalytic reactions.
Der Fried-Prozess als Quelle von 9alpha-Fluorglucocorticoiden
Authors: Vock Carsten A.
Published: April 2024

Das von Josef Fried erfundene Verfahren zur Einführung von 9a-Fluorsubstituenten in Glucocorticoide wird erläutert und ein kurzer Einblick in das Leben dieses bedeutenden Synthetikers und Wirkstoffforschers gegeben.
Short catalytic peptides with tunable activity: Cys confers functionality and adaptability
Authors: Janković Patrizia , Kalafatovic Daniela
Published: April 2024

This study explores the catalytic potential of short peptides containing Cys, a potent nucleophile, able to hydrolyze a variety of ester substrates, including p-NPP and ATP, while enabling control and direction of catalytic activity through thiol oxidation. We identified Ac-CTLGLGSHCGG-Am (CG11), as a potential tunable catalyst capable of hydrolyzing ester and phosphoester substrates. We synthesized multiple analogues with varying sequence compositions and lengths and determined the effect of these changes on the catalytic efficiency. We showed that cyclization through disulfide bridge formation offered tunability and reversibility, while head-to-side chain cyclization conferred excellent resistance to proteases. Additionally, we demonstrated the ability of inactive cy-CG11 to undergo reduction and ring opening to its linear functional form in a physiological setting, specifically in the presence of elevated glutathione levels. These findings provide valuable insights for fine-tuning the characteristics of peptide-based catalysts and pave the way to their potential applicability in a biological context such as targeting glutathione disbalance and providing phosphatase activity.
Divergent Synthesis of 17-nor-Cephalotane Diterpenoids through Developed Ynol-diene Cyclization
Authors: Sun Zezhong , Shu Xin , Ma Fuli , Li Ao , Li Yali , Jin Shuang , Wang Yunxia , Hu Xiangdong
Published: April 2024

The diversity of complex molecular structures of Cephalotaxus diterpenoids poses great challenges in uncovering the pharmaceutical potential of these natural products. As a subfamily of Cephalotaxus diterpenoids, 17-norcephalotane diterpenoids possess polycyclic frameworks with seven-membered A ring bearing different oxidation states. On the basis of a novel ynol-diene cyclization developed as a rapid access to tropone unit, the first divergent strategy to 17-nor-cephalotane diterpenoids has been successfully established. Combining with a bioinspired stereoselective dual hydrogenation, the divergent total synthesis of (+)-3-deoxyfortalpinoid F, (+)-harringtonolide, (−)-fortalpinoids M/N/P, and analog (−)-20-deoxocephinoid P have been achieved in 14-17 linear longest steps starting from commercially available materials.
FragHub: A mass spectral libraries data integration workflow
Authors: Dablanc Axel , Hennechart Solweig , Perez Amélie , Cabanac Guillaume , Guitton Yann , Jamin Emilien , Lyan Bernard , Paulhe Nils , Giacomoni Franck , Marti Guillaume
Published: April 2024

Open mass spectral libraries (OMSL) are critical for metabolite annotation and machine learning, especially given the rising volume of untargeted metabolomic studies and the development of annotation pipelines. Despite their importance, the practical application of OMSLs is hampered by the lack of standardized file formats, metadata fields, and supporting ontology. Current libraries, often restricted to specific topics or matrices such as natural products, lipids, or the human metabolome, may limit the discovery potential of untargeted studies. FragHub addresses these challenges by integrating multiple OMSLs into a single comprehensive database, supporting various data formats and harmonizing metadata. It also proposes some generic filters for mass spectrum using a graphical user interface. Additionally, a workflow to generate in-house libraries compatible with FragHub is proposed. FragHub dynamically segregates libraries based on ionization modes and chromatography techniques, thereby enhancing data utility in metabolomic research.
Monoethanolamine (MEA) degradation rates in post-combustion CO2 capture plants with the capture of 100% of the added CO2
Authors: Mullen Daniel , Braakhuis Lucas , Katariina Knuutila Hanna , Gibbins Jon , Lucquiaud Mathieu
Published: April 2024

Residual emissions from post-combustion CO2 capture plants (PCC) must be reduced to zero or recaptured from the atmosphere to be compatible with long-term climate change goals. For amine-based CO2 capture, increasing CO2 capture fractions requires maintaining sufficient driving force of absorption at the top of the absorber column by reducing lean solvent loadings. To produce low lean loadings without excessively increasing the specific thermal energy input, increased operational pressures are required in the CO2 stripper, inevitably leading to higher temperatures, which may increase the specific thermal degradation rate of the solvent. Concurrently, for solvents that react rapidly with dissolved O2, increased residence time in the absorber due to the increased packing heights also associated with high capture fractions may increase the specific oxidative degradation rate as the direct contact with O2 in the flue gas is extended. Through process modelling and the application of a newly developed monoethanolamine (MEA) degradation framework, we investigate the effect on solvent degradation rates of increasing CO2 capture rates up to those that result in no net CO2 addition to the atmosphere. We do this for three key energy-producing processes: a combined cycle gas turbine, an energy-from-waste facility, and a steam methane reformer. In a first-of-a-kind study, we demonstrate that for a 35% wt. MEA-based solvent under steady-state conditions, solvent degradation is predicted to increase by 24% to 138% as a result of decreasing lean loadings and increased absorber residence time (process modifications that are thought to be beneficial when increasing CO2 capture fractions) from 53 - 208 gMEA/tCO2 when a 95% CO2 gross capture fraction is achieved to 125 – 257 gMEA/tCO2 when 99.2 - 99.8% is achieved (i.e. when 100% of the added CO2 is captured). Further analysis provides evidence that process modifications, such as intercooling of the absorber column and reduced stripper sump residence times, may be useful in reducing the rates of solvent degradation, providing critical insights to future test campaigns and project developments. However, limitations of this study remain; the degradation framework provides the instantaneous predicted MEA consumption rate of the system at a point in time and does not consider the catalytic effects that many impurities present in an operation plant will have on the reactions, potentially impacting degradation rates. Nonetheless, this serves as the first step towards understanding the effect of increasing CO2 capture fractions in post-combustion CO2 capture plants. Long-term tests with appropriate solvent management practices are required to fully quantify solvent degradation rates when operating at 100% added CO2 capture fractions.
Modernizing Non-Profit Law in Canada
Authors: Singer Samuel
Published: April 2024

Non-profit corporations benefit from significant tax subsidies, but they are largely regulated by corporate statutes rather than tax law. Recent legislative reforms in Canada have sought to modernize non-profit statutes to reflect the changing non-profit sector, with a focus on increasing accountability and fairness. Yet, despite the increasingly national reach of non-profits, governance and financial transparency requirements can differ considerably between jurisdictions. This article compares non-profit rules about directors and financial review in Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, and federally. It demonstrates how modern non-profit law reforms make regulatory choices about governance and financial transparency requirements based on local policy priorities.  The article then uses tax expenditure analysis to argue for a national perspective that considers the different regulatory burdens facing non-profits receiving the same federal tax subsidies. It finds that inconsistent rules between jurisdictions raise significant accountability and fairness concerns.  For smaller non-profits, uninformed incorporation choices may result in a higher compliance burden. For non-profits seeking a lighter regulatory load, the uneven regulatory landscape may lead to jurisdiction shopping. The article argues that the increased harmonization of non-profit law across Canada is key to continuing the work of modernizing non-profit law. It concludes by identifying potential law reforms and their limitations.
Flexibilidad, Tolerancia y Adaptabilidad a la pareja: Creación y Validación de sus Medidas
Authors: Bravo Doddoli Andrea , Sánchez Aragón Rozzana
Published: April 2024

El objetivo de este estudio fue crear y validar una escala para cada una de estas variables. En el Estudio 1 se validó a través del análisis factorial exploratorio donde participaron 250 individuos, mientras que el Estudio 2 se aplicó el análisis factorial confirmatorio con 284 participantes. Los resultados indicaron la obtención de tres medidas con propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias. Incluir para cada escala los nombres de los factores y criterios de relevancia. Una de las principales limitaciones del estudio fue que los reactivos fueron diseñados para pareja no monógamas. Las escalas se podrán utilizar en investigaciones futuras para estudiar el funcionamiento de la pareja
Sesgos de comportamiento en la toma de decisiones financieras en estudiantes: un estudio comparativo México, Colombia y Chile
Authors: Caballero Márquez José Alonso , Morales Pelagio Ricardo Cristhian , Caballero Márquez María Mónica
Published: April 2024

El estudio de la toma de decisiones sobre los recursos es un tema cada vez más relevante. Su desarrollo, ha llegado a abarcar variables de tipo psicológico y sociológico, con el fin de complementar el enfoque de análisis tradicional y así comprender el comportamiento de los individuos en términos económicos y financieros. Esto, ha permitido identificar sesgos de comportamiento, los cuales generan cierta influencia al momento de tomar decisiones, afectando la racionalidad de los individuos y generando un impacto sobre estos. Lo anterior, afecta en mayor medida a poblaciones consideradas vulnerables, destacando dentro de ellas a los estudiantes universitarios. Es por ello que, la presente investigación, tiene por objetivo analizar la incidencia de sesgos de comportamiento en el proceso de toma de decisiones de estudiantes universitarios de Chile, Colombia y México. Para esto, se empleó una metodología de tipo cualitativo, conformando una herramienta de recopilación de información compuesta por preguntas con escala dicotómica y tipo Likert para la evaluación de ocho sesgos de comportamiento en los estudiantes universitarios. La información recopilada fue analizada utilizando software estadístico especializado, aplicando pruebas de correlación y análisis de varianza, identificando la existencia de numerosos sesgos en la toma de decisiones de los estudiantes universitarios. A partir de ello, se concluye que es necesaria una formación más específica acerca de la gestión de recursos, como parte del proceso de formación universitaria.
DESEMPENHO EM MATEMÁTICA DOS ALUNOS DE ALTAMIRA – PA: UMA ANÁLISE DO SAEB 2021
Authors: Viana Andreson Soares , Chassot Attico Inácio , Ripardo Ronaldo Barros
Published: April 2024

O presente artigo é uma síntese de dissertação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação em Ciências e Matemática (PPGECM) da Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará (UNIFESSPA), a qual se destinou a analisar o desempenho em matemática dos alunos de dez municípios paraenses no Saeb 2021. O foco deste estudo está situado na análise de apenas um dos dez municípios avaliados na dissertação, o de Altamira-PA. Desta forma, justifica-se esta proposta de pesquisa por ser importante e necessário conhecer o desempenho em matemática dos alunos do município de Altamira, a fim de que se possa realizar intervenções, reflexões e propiciar subsídios para pesquisas futuras sobre a temática estudada e, assim, contribuir de alguma forma para a melhoria da aprendizagem matemática dos alunos residentes no município analisado. A pesquisa apresenta um método de abordagem qualitativo e, quanto aos objetivos, destaca-se como uma pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo exploratória. Os resultados permitiram compreender o desempenho em matemática dos alunos do referido município, revelando um desempenho muito abaixo do esperado e, portanto, inadequado.
DESAFIOS E POSSIBILIDADES DO CURSO DE LICENCIATURA EM MATEMÁTICA E A FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DOCENTE: UMA REFLEXÃO A PARTIR DA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE LITERATURA (RSL)
Authors: Pereira Fernanda Vieira , Lima Francisco José de , Alves Francisco Régis Vieira
Published: April 2024

A formação do professor de matemática tem sido um tema recorrente nas últimas décadas, estimulando pesquisadores a buscarem respostas e resultados para o cenário preocupante que se forma na licenciatura atualmente, uma vez que os professores se deparam com inúmeras dificuldades no magistério. Em razão disso, e partindo da seguinte pergunta de partida: o que se tem produzido de pesquisas no Ensino de Matemática sobre a formação docente e quais os principais desafios e soluções?, o objetivo deste trabalho é refletir sobre a formação do professor de matemática, analisando os desafios apresentados, bem como possíveis caminhos para a formação docente eficiente, mediante produções acadêmicas nacionais. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa descritiva, visto que descreveu sobre o tema selecionado, e foi utilizada a metanálise, cujo objetivo é desenvolver revisão sistemática de pesquisas já realizadas, estas de um mesmo tema ou mesmo problema de pesquisa. Inicialmente, selecionamos os trabalhos nas bases de dados, onde tivemos um total de 14 string de buscas. Depois de aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, obteve-se um total de cinco (5) bases de dados, A seguir foram extraídos oito (8) trabalhos oficiais que atendessem aos critérios escolhidos. Constatamos pouca produção de trabalhos dentro do assunto formação de professor e ensino de matemática, no entanto, é uma temática que vem sendo repercutida ao longo dos anos. Diante da análise dos trabalhos, os resultados apontam fragilidades na formação do professor, isto significa, que os professores estão adquirindo o título de licenciado sem saberem executar a profissão.
PERSPECTIVA DOS GESTORES DE ENSINO SOBRE A IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA BNCC NO MUNICÍPIO DE XINGUARA ESTADO DO PARÁ
Authors: Bueno Luciano Teles , Groenwald Claudia Lisete Oliveira
Published: April 2024

Apresenta-se neste artigo um estudo realizado com os Gestores das Unidades Escolares que possuem os anos finais do Ensino Fundamental e com a Diretora de Ensino dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental da Secretaria Municipal de Educação e Cultura que estão atuando na implantação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), nas escolas municipais de Xinguara, Pará.  A pesquisa é um recorte da tese de doutorado no Programa de Ensino de Ciências e Matemática (PPGECIM), da Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), com o objetivo de identificar como vem sendo implantada, pelos professores de Matemática, a BNCC nas escolas públicas de Xinguara, Pará, sob um olhar da Gestão escolar. Foi aplicado um questionário, aos 9 Gestores, das escolas públicas de Xinguara, e uma entrevista com a Diretora de Ensino responsável pelos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental da Secretaria Municipal de Educação. Os resultados apontam que os Gestores participantes da pesquisa apontam as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos professores e gestores na implantação dos objetos de aprendizagem prescritos na BNCC e a dificuldade de construir um Currículo para o desenvolvimento de competências de acordo com o indicado na BNCC.