bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodology for heuristic evaluation of the accessibility of statistical charts for people with low vision and color vision deficiency
Authors: Martínez Rubén Alcaraz , Turró Mireia Ribera , Saltiveri Toni Granollers
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Statistical charts have an important role in conveying, clarifying and simplifying information, and have a significant presence in fields such as education, scientific research or journalism. Despite numerous advances in the field of digital accessibility, charts are still a challenge for people with low vision and color vision deficiency (CVD) and create barriers that hinder their accessibility. The research presented in this paper aim is to create a heuristic set of indicators to evaluate the accessibility of statistical charts focusing on the needs of people with low vision and CVD. Methods: The set of heuristics presented has been developed based on the methodology by Quiñones et al. (2018), which consists of 8 stages: (1) a state of the art literature review; (2 and 3) analysis and description of the most relevant information obtained from this research; (4, 5, and 6) selection and specification of a first set of heuristics relating them to existing heuristics; (7) validation; and (8) refining the set to obtain a final list of heuristics. Results: A first set of heuristics (17 indicators) has been developed and applied on two heuristic evaluations, and has been amplified to 18 indicators. The final set covers the needs of the user profiles with low vision as well as the needs of the CVD and poor contrast sensitivity users. Conclusion: this research is a first step to widen accessibility requirements to statistical charts and to take into consideration users with low vision and CVD, often forgotten in accessibility research.
CaMKII and Cav3.2 Mediate Cx43-Dependent Inflammation by Activating Astrocytes in Vincristine-Induced Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Li Guizhou , Hu Ya-hui , Lu Yi-ni , Yang Qing-yan , Li Yunman
Published: February 2021

Vincristine (VCR), an alkaloid isolated from vinca, is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug. However, treatment with VCR can lead to dose-dependent peripheral neurotoxicity, mainly manifesting as neuropathic pain, which is one of the dominant reasons for limiting its utility. Experimentally, we discovered that VCR-induced neuropathic pain was accompanied by astrocyte activation; the upregulation of p-CaMKII, Cav3.2, and Cx43 expression; and the production and release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the spinal cord. Similar situations were also observed in astrocyte cultures. Interestingly, these alterations were all reversed by intrathecal injection of KN-93 (a CaMKII inhibitor) or L-Ascorbic acid (a Cav3.2 antagonist). In addition, KN-93 and L-Ascorbic acid inhibited the increase in [Ca2+]i associated with astrocyte activation. We also verified that inhibiting and knocking down Cx43 levels via intrathecal injection of Gap27 and Cx43 siRNA relieved pain hypersensitivity and reduced the release of inflammatory factors; however, they did not affect astrocyte activation or p-CaMKII and Cav3.2 expression. The overexpression of Cx43 through the transfection of the Cx43 plasmid did not affect p-CaMKII or Cav3.2 expression in vitro. Therefore, CaMKII and Cav3.2 may activate astrocytes by increasing [Ca2+]i, thereby mediating Cx43-dependent inflammation in VCR-induced neuropathic pain. Moreover, we demonstrated that the CaMKII signalling pathway was involved in VCR-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial damage. In summary, our findings show a novel mechanism by which CaMKII and Cav3.2 mediate Cx43-dependent inflammation by activating astrocytes in neuropathic pain induced by VCR.
Promising Clinical Outcome with Long Term Follow-Up after Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Elderly Patients with Oligometastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hu Xiaolong , Li Hongqi , Liu Hefei , Kang Xiaoli , Wang Xuan , Pang Haifeng , Liu Chen , Zhang Jianchun , Wang Yingjie
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThe ideal treatment strategy for elderly patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still controversial. Our objective is to implement radical local therapy to the primary tumor and all metastases in elderly patients with oligometastatic NSCLC and evaluate its long-term efficacy and safety.Patients and MethodsAll patients were older than 65 years at initial diagnosis and had pathologically confirmed NSCLC with a total of less than or equal to 5 metastases through imaging diagnosis. Radical local therapy was applied to the primary tumor and all metastases to evaluate its OS, PFS, and toxicity.ResultsA total of 30 elderly patients with NSCLC (≤ 5 metastases) received high-dose radical local radiotherapy to the primary tumor and all metastases, with a median age of 73 years (65-82 years). A total of 134 lesions were treated, with a median biologically effective dose at alpha/beta 10 (BED10) value of 102 Gy (78-119 Gy) . The median follow-up period was 34 months (10-68 months) and the median OS was 36 months. The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year OS were 93.3%, 66.7%, 49.6%, and 12.1%, respectively. The median PFS was 12 months, and 1-year PFS was 36.7%. Multivariate analysis: When ECOG PS < 2 and BED10 ≥ 100 Gy, better OS was obtained (P < 0.001 and P = 0.022); ECOG PS < 2 was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (P = 0.016). Most patients experienced grade 1-2 toxicities, a few experienced grade 3 toxicity (6.66%), and no grade 4-5 toxicities and treatment-related deaths occurred.ConclusionElderly patients with oligometastatic NSCLC were given radical local radiotherapy to the primary tumor and all metastases, which improved their survival with tolerable toxicity and can be considered as an optional new treatment modality.
Nature of Lowest Electron Transitions in Anionic Polymethine Dyes With Keto-Containing Terminal Groups
Authors: Naumenko A. P. , Borisyuk V. I. , Kachkovsky Olexiy , Slominskii Yu. L. , Obernikhina N. V.
Published: February 2021

The complex quantum-chemical and spectral study of the anionic polymethine dyes with the simplest symmetrical terminal groups and with different length polymethine chain is performed. It was shown that these dyes produce the specific molecular orbitals positioned nearly the energy gap and located only within the terminal groups. By investigation of the absorption spectra, it was established that the typical highly intensive longwawelength spectral band is observed which are bathochromically shifted upon lengthening of the open conjugated chain; this polymethine band is connected with the electron transition between the frontier levels of the opposite symmetry. In the contrast, the local MOs take part in so-called quasi-local electron transitions involved also one the frontier orbital. The local transitions have small dipole moments and hence they do practically not appear in the absorption spectra, however, the local transitions cause the appearance of the non-deep minima in the spectra of the fluorescence excitation anisotropy.
The Relationship of Blood Gas Values With Prognosis in Pediatric Patients With Severe Head Trauma
Authors: Kayabas Murat , Sahin Levent
Published: February 2021

Purpose:Severe head traumas in the childhood age group has an important place in terms of mortality and morbidity among all traumas. Our aim in this study is to consider the relationship between the severity of severe head trauma and arterial blood gas (ABG) parameter levels in children.Methods:In our study, patients with head trauma, intubation and Glascow Coma Score (GCS) ≤ 8 were retrospectively analyzed. Showing homogeneous distribution; Independent sample T test was used for pH, PCO2 and base extract (BE) parameters, and Mann Whitney U test was used for PO2 and lactate parameters not showing homogeneous distribution. ROC analysis was done.Results:Of the 48 patients included in the study, 17 died while lying in the intensive care unit. There was no statistical difference when looking at the relationship between age, gender, surgical methods and mortality of the patients (p> 0.05). The relationship of patients with acidosis, hypercapnia and hyperlactatemia in ABG with mortality was statistically significant (p˂0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between surviving and deceased in ABG of patients regarding BE and hypoxia (p= 0.075; 0.175). there was a statistically significant difference between the mean values of PCO2 and lactate which are among the quantitative values and those who survived and died (p <0.05).Conclusion: Acidosis, the presence hypercapnia and hyperlactatemia were found to be associated with mortality in children with severe head trauma in ABG analysis. This study shows that PCO2 and lactate levels in ABG can be a biomarker in determining the prognosis in pediatric patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Machine Learning and Statistical Approaches for Classification of Risk of Coronary Artery Disease using Plasma Cytokines.
Authors: Saharan Seema Singh , Nagar Pankaj , Creasy Kate Townsend , Stock Eveline O. , Feng James , Malloy Mary J. , Kane John P.
Published: February 2021

Background As per the 2017 WHO fact sheet, Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the primary cause of death in the world, and accounts for 31% of total fatalities. The unprecedented 17.6 million deaths caused by CAD in 2016 underscores the urgent need to facilitate proactive and accelerated pre-emptive diagnosis. The innovative and emerging Machine Learning (ML) techniques can be leveraged to facilitate early detection of CAD which is a crucial factor in saving lives. The standard techniques like angiography, that provide reliable evidence are invasive and typically expensive and risky. In contrast, ML model generated diagnosis is non-invasive, fast, accurate and affordable. Therefore, ML algorithms can be used as a supplement or precursor to the conventional methods. This research demonstrates the implementation and comparative analysis of K Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) and Random Forest ML algorithms to achieve a targeted “At Risk” CAD classification using an emerging set of 35 cytokine biomarkers that are strongly indicative predictive variables that can be potential targets for therapy. To ensure better generalizability, mechanisms such as data balancing, repeated k-fold cross validation for hyperparameter tuning, were integrated within the models. To determine the separability efficacy of “At Risk” CAD versus Control achieved by the models, Area under Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) metric is used which discriminates the classes by exhibiting tradeoff between the false positive and true positive rates.Results A total of 2 classifiers were developed, both built using 35 cytokine predictive features. The best AUROC score of .99 with a 95% Confidence Interval(CI) (.982,.999) was achieved by the Random Forest classifier using 35 cytokine biomarkers. The second-best AUROC score of .954 with a 95% Confidence Interval (.929,.979) was achieved by the k-NN model using 35 cytokines. A p-value of less than 7.481e-10 obtained by an independent t-test validated that Random Forest classifier was significantly better than the k-NN classifier with regards to the AUROC score.Presently, as large-scale efforts are gaining momentum to enable early, fast, reliable, affordable, and accessible detection of individuals at risk for CAD, the application of powerful ML algorithms can be leveraged as a supplement to conventional methods such as angiography. Early detection can be further improved by incorporating 65 novel and sensitive cytokine biomarkers. Investigation of the emerging role of cytokines in CAD can materially enhance the detection of risk and the discovery of mechanisms of disease that can lead to new therapeutic modalities.
Clara cell 16KDa protein mitigates house dust mite-induced airway inflammation and damage via regulating airway epithelial cell apoptosis in a manner dependent on HMGB1-mediated signaling inhibition.
Authors: Liu Meixuan , Lu Jingjing , Zhang Qian , Zhang Yunxuan , Guo Zhongliang
Published: February 2021

Background: House dust mite (HDM) inhalation can cause airway epithelial damage which is implicated in the process of airway inflammation in asthma. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is critically required for cellular damage and apoptosis as an important endogenous danger signal. Recently, Clara cell 16KDa protein (CC16) has been identified to exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory influence in various injury-related diseases model. However, little is known about its ability to protect against airway epithelial injury in allergic asthma. This study was aimed to clarify the protective roles of CC16 on airway epithelia in HDM-induced asthma and the regulation of HMGB1 by CC16.Methods: Mice were sensitized and challenged by HDM extract and administrated intranasally with CC16 (5ug/g or 10ug/g) or saline in the challenged period. The BEAS-2B human airway epithelial cell line were cultured with CC16 or the control vehicle and then exposed to HDM. Knockdown or overexpression of HMGB1 was induced by cell transfection or intratracheal injection of recombinant adenovirus.Results: CC16 treatment decreased airway inflammation and histological damage of airway epithelium dose-dependently in HDM-induced asthma model. Airway epithelia apoptosis upon HDM stimulation was noticeably abrogated by CC16 in vivo and in vitro. In addition, upregulation of HMGB1 expression and its related signaling were also detected under HDM conditions, while silencing HMGB1 significantly inhibited the apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells. Furthermore, the activity of HMGB1-mediated signaling was restrained after CC16 treatment whereas HMGB1 overexpression abolished the protective effect of CC16 on HDM-induced airway epithelia apoptosis.Conclusions: Our data confirm that CC16 attenuates HDM-mediated airway inflammation and damage via suppressing airway epithelial cell apoptosis in a HMGB1-dependent manner, suggesting the role of CC16 as a potential protective option for HDM-induced asthma.
Assessing the impact of corporate entrepreneurship in the financial performance of subsidiaries of Colombian business groups: under environmental dynamism moderation
Authors: Rodriguez-Peña Antonio
Published: February 2021

Corporate entrepreneurship creates opportunities in employment, technological advances, value creation, and cultural transformation for entrepreneurial ecosystems, entrepreneurs, governments, economies and society around the globe. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of corporate entrepreneurship on the financial performance of subsidiaries in Colombian business groups under the moderating effect of the environmental dynamism, because the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and financial performance in emerging economies must differ from developed economies. Using a cross-sectional Structural Equation Modeling analysis, this study assessed the impact of entrepreneurial orientation and corporate venturing on the firm financial performance of 87 subsidiaries of Colombian business groups at different levels of environmental dynamism. This study also confirms that the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and performance is context-dependent, and that entrepreneurial orientation has a strong and positive causal relationship with corporate venturing. Additionally, subsidiaries of Colombian business groups increase their financial performance when also does the entrepreneurial orientation, and decrease financial performance when so does corporate venturing. Furthermore, the results show that environmental dynamism does not have a moderating effect on the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship of subsidiaries in Colombian business groups and their performance. This paper would contribute to important areas in Latin America business, where such studies are scarce.
Kesalahan Penyelesaian Soal Statistika Tipe High Order Thinking Skills Berdasarkan Teori Newman
Authors: Suryanti Suryanti , Sari Candra Yunita , Kristiani Kristiani
Published: February 2021

In the 2013 curriculum, mathematics learning is more directed at higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). HOTS are observed from the abilities of students in solving HOTS type of questions. However, students still make mistakes in solving this type of questions, especially the statistics questions. The students’ errors in solving HOTS type of statistical questions need to be investigated, particularly on the types and causes. This study aimed to describe the errors made by students in solving HOTS type of statistical questions. This study was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Selopuro, Blitar City Year Academic 2019/2020. This study used descriptive qualitative approach. The subjects were three students of 8th grade B. The instruments in this study were tests, interviews, and documentations. Based on the results of the data analysis, it can be concluded that: (1) reading errors were due to the inability of the students to understand the information in the questions; (2) comprehension errors were due to incomprehension of the students on what to look for in the questions; (3) transformation errors were in the form of inability in generating functions/methods to solve the questions; (4) processing skill errors were in the form of misconnection and misconception; and (5) errors in writing the final answers were due to drawing wrong conclusions.
A Flow-Cytometric Analysis of Spectrum of Acute Myeloid Leukemia at Diagnosis
Authors: Shetty Parineetha V , I Sandhya , Anand Ishant , G Prithal , Rao Purnima , Shetty Rachan
Published: February 2021

Background: Acute Myeloid Lymphoma is the clonal proliferation of non-lymphoid blasts comprising at least 20% of total nucleated cells either in bone marrow or peripheral blood. In the recent years, flow cytometry has emerged as a powerful diagnostic tool for AML due to its impact on treatment and prognosis.

Aims & Objectives:

To analyse the flow cytometry findings in patients diagnosed as acute myeloid leukemias.

To evaluate variations in flow cytometry expression in various subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia

Materials & Methods: Patients diagnosed as acute myeloid leukaemia on peripheral smears were subjected to flow cytometry analysis. This was a four-year study from July 2015 to June 2017 retrospectively and from July 2017 to June 2019 prospectively.

Results: A total of 27 cases diagnosed as Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) were included in the study. Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia was observed to be the most common subtype. The most commonly expressed myeloid antigens were CD13 and CD33. There was an aberrant expression of CD7 and CD56 in 1 case each indicating adverse prognosis.

Conclusion: Immunophenotyping of the myeloid cells by flow cytometry has revolutionised the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemias. It aids in confirming the morphological diagnosis, and also helps in assigning specific lineage, accurate sub classification and adequate treatment in challenging cases. Aberrant expressions were observed in 3 cases of AML. Aberrant antigen expression is associated with a poor outcome.  Flow cytometry results interpreted with morphology are not only complementary but also conclusive aiding in therapeutics and predicting prognosis.
Rhabdomyosarcoma Presenting as Bilateral Cervical Lymphadenopathy in an Adult with Aberrant Expression of Cytokeratin and Synaptophysin: A Potentially Serious Diagnostic Pitfall
Authors: Sukumaran Renu , Mathews Anitha , Nayak Nileena , Kattoor Jayasree
Published: February 2021

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue malignancy in children and adolescents. Its occurrence in patients more than 18 years of age is rare. Subtypes of rhabdomyosarcoma include embryonal RMS, alveolar RMS, pleomorphic RMS and spindle/sclerosing RMS.Herein, we report the case of a 42-year-old female patient who presented with bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy of two-month duration. Clinical and radiological examination showed no other significant lesions. Fine needle aspiration cytology and biopsy of lymph node showed diffusely arranged atypical round cells. The clinical findings and morphology pointed to a hematolymphoid malignancy. On immunohistochemical examination, the atypical cells were negative for CD45, CD20, CD3, PAX5 and CD30. The cells showed patchy moderate positivity for cytokeratin, focal weak positivity for synaptophysin and were negative for chromogranin, CD56 and TTF1. On further evaluation, patchy strong positivity for desmin, myogenin and myo D1 were noted. Correlating the morphology and immunoprofile, diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma was given.Multiple peripheral lymph node enlargement without an obvious primary lesion is a rare presentation of alveolar RMS, with only a few cases reported in literature. Unusual clinical presentation complicated with aberrant expression of epithelial markers may make the diagnosis of alveolar RMS difficult. This case demonstrates the importance of considering extensive differential diagnosis for neck masses with poorly differentiated morphology.
An Interesting Presentation of Severe Bicytopenia in A Case of SLE
Authors: Manikandan M Aswin , Josephine A , Srivastava Vindu , Lilly S Mary
Published: February 2021

We present a case of 25-year-old female who was brought to the hospital for complaints of generalised weakness, fever, and history of melena and haematuria. Following admission complete blood count and peripheral smear was asked; Complete blood count (CBC) findings were haemoglobin 4.2 gm/dl, total WBC count was 14,990, platelet count 7000, reticulocyte count 4%, NRBCs were 15/100 WBCs. Peripheral Smear showed fragmented RBCs, polychromatophils microspherocytes and multiple foci of autoagglutination suggestive of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Pertaining to these findings immune workup was done for this patient; coombs test was negative for this patient, but ANA was positive. This identification proved valuable to the patient as; administration of corticosteroids helped to prevent haemolytic transfusion reactions and improved the patient’s haemoglobin and platelet count.
Desarrollo psicomotor en la infancia temprana y funcionalidad familiar
Authors: Moretti María Paula , Lechuga María Jimena , Torrecilla Norma Mariana
Published: February 2021

Se investigó el desarrollo psicomotor temprano y si existían diferencias significativas en las diversas áreas de este desarrollo según la funcionalidad familiar (cohesión y adaptabilidad familiar) desde la percepción materna. Se trabajó con un diseño no experimental de alcance descriptivo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 32 diadas madre-hijo de entre 12 y 27 meses de edad. Se administró el Instrumento de Observación del Desarrollo Infantil (IODI), la Prueba Nacional de Pesquisa (PRUNAPE) y FACES III. Se encontraron diversas diferencias significativas entre tipo de cohesión-adaptabilidad familiar y áreas de la PRUNAPE (p<.05) y del IODI (p<.05). Se observó un desarrollo infantil temprano más favorable en las áreas personal social, lenguaje y socioemocional, en aquellas familias conectadas y flexibles.
Bienestar emocional, psicológico y social en adultos argentinos en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Eidman Leandro , Bender Vanesa , Arbizu Julieta , Lamboglia Adriana Tamara , Correa del Valle Lucila
Published: February 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el bienestar emocional, psicológico y social en adultos argentinos en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19. El diseño metodológico utilizado fue no experimental de corte transversal, bajo la modalidad de estudio descriptivo y de diferencia de grupos. Se trabajó con una muestra de 888 participantes, residentes en diferentes provincias de Argentina, de edades comprendidas de entre 18 y 84 años (MEDAD = 36.98; DE= 15.37; 51.2 % mujeres, 48.8 % varones). Los resultados informaron una disposición mayoritaria a experimentar niveles de salud mental languideciente. Las personas que se ubicaron en el polo languideciente del continuo de salud mental presentaron menores niveles de bienestar psicológico. El 56.2 % de los participantes refirió que la mayoría de las veces busca expresar sus emociones con su círculo cercano y el 43 % informó mantener el contacto con sus seres queridos de forma virtual. Se encontró un mayor nivel de bienestar emocional, psicológico y social en personas que expresaron sus emociones y mantuvieron contacto con sus seres queridos de forma virtual. En conclusión, frente a la situación epidemiológica causada por la pandemia de COVID-19 los adultos argentinos presentaron alteraciones significativas en los niveles de bienestar emocional psicológico y social con predominio de un estado de salud mental languideciente.
Docência e a profissionalização do magistério no brasil: contribuições da obra de Luiz Pereira
Authors: Scherer Renata Porcher
Published: February 2021

O presente texto propõe-se a estabelecer uma reflexão crítica sobre a profissionalização do magistério no Brasil, revisitando os primeiros estudos sociológicos de Luiz Pereira acerca da escolarização em nosso país. Utilizando-se do procedimento metodológico da análise documental e operando com o conceito de prática a partir dos Estudos Foucaultianos, é possível mapear e descrever alguns enunciados que se referem à profissionalização do magistério na década de 1960, no Brasil. O primeiro desses enunciados mapeados se refere ao declínio da concepção artesanal-missionária relacionada à docência em processo de substituição por concepções mais burocratizadas dessa profissão. O segundo enunciado relaciona-se com as capacidades integrativas, mostrando como a integração de papéis domésticos e profissionais no magistério fortaleceu sua feminização no período analisado.
Distributed leadership in educational organizations in Madrid: case study
Authors: García Carreño Ingrid del Valle
Published: February 2021

The objective of this research is to describe the four dimensions of distributed leadership (DL) to know the perception of the directors of two of the public and primary education centers in Madrid, Spain. METHOD. The research design is a qualitative study with a case study. The main objective is to understand the perception of four dimensions of DL and the actions of the Director through two representative cases of public schools. The techniques used to gather information were documentary analysis, in-depth structured interviews (with their respective guide) and observation. The guide allows you to collect the perception developed by the directors in the context studied, and to know the relevance they grant them. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The results found are very broad and correspond to the two directors surveyed.
Practices and perspectives of teacher trainees upon online language education programme
Authors: Cubukcu Feryal
Published: February 2021

Instructional technologies have been used extensively after the spread of COVID19. Council of Higher Education in Turkey closed down all the universities and embarked on online education by issuing a statement that all universities were free to choose the platform they wished to use. This study aims at discovering how online language teacher education programmes yielded emerging patterns and how teacher trainees’ perspectives were in relation with these online language teacher education programmes. To reach this aim, 275 teacher trainees at the Department of English Language Teaching participated in the study and semi-structured interviews were held with them. This discussion illuminates critical issues and attitudes of teacher trainees along with the challenges unique to programmes as a future research agenda.
Narrativas de apenados sobre o início da vida escolar
Authors: Santos Luciane Maria Ribeiro da Cruz , Cury Carlos Roberto Jamil
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo demonstra a dificuldade de concretização das políticas públicas educacionais brasileiras após a aprovação da Constituição de 1988 e da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases de 1996. A narrativa de sete homens sentenciados por processos criminais, com idades inferiores a 29 anos, sobre o início de suas vidas escolares ilustra aspectos concretos da ausência do poder público no atendimento das famílias de classes sociais menos favorecidas economicamente. Os dados foram recolhidos de uma tese de doutorado realizada pela primeira autora no Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da PUC-MG. O conjunto de entrevistas semiestruturadas foi analisado buscando os indicadores da concretização dos objetivos da República e da Educação Nacional. Observou-se a exclusão educacional articulada ao conjunto de mecanismos responsáveis pela promoção da justiça social e a fragilidade da conquista dos direitos do indivíduo por um processo de inclusão excludente dos direitos sociais.
NAVIGATING FISH FOOD INSECURITY BY SIMULTANEOUS HOUSEHOLD AND MARKETED SURPLUS-LED PRODUCTIONS IN KOGI STATE OF NIGERIA
Authors: Sadiq Sanusi Mohammed , Singh I P , Ahmad M M
Published: February 2021

The study determined the factors influencing simultaneously household and marketed surplus-led fish production in Nigeria’s Kogi State using cross-sectional data collected from 105 fish farmers. The sample size was achieved using a multi-stage sampling technique and the collected data were elicited viz. structured questionnaire complemented with interview schedule. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to achieve the conceptualized objectives. Empirical evidences showed that marketed surplus-led fish production was affected by less risky non-farm incomes with high income turnover and capital paucity. However, marketable surplus-led production was enhanced by enlarged income, readily available demand that matches the supply and entrepreneurship zeal among the youthful population in the studied area. In view of the foregoing, the research recommends the need to strengthen the value chain of fish marketing so as to contain any challenge viz. market imperfection which in the long-run will jeopardize market-orientation of fish farming which is nascent among most of the farmers in the studied area. In addition, there is need to address gender inequality in order to arrest poverty vulnerability among women folk viz. budget gender mainstreaming so as to achieve growth and development which are pre-requisite for globalization.
“Islamic Discourse” in Modern Western Political Philosophy: “Paradoxes” of Tolerance
Authors:   V.G. Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University, Konstantin Gennadievich Maltsev , Anna Victorovna Maltseva , Leonid Leonidovich Lomako
Published: February 2021

The discourse of Islam in modern Western political philosophy is constructed in the horizon of "evidence" and solutions, the clarification of the origin and essence of which is the task of philosophical interpretation. The article analyzes three representative examples: the in-terpretation of the "ideology of Islam" in relation to the global liberal economic order (D. Lal); “Islamic terrorism” as a kind of ressentiment (S. Zizek); “Islamic fundamentalism” in the hori-zon of the “global empire” (M. Hardt, A. Negri). It is established that the conceptual framework of all three discourses of Islam is the dominant Western "economic paradigm" (J. Agamben) of political philosophy. The liberal new European form of the latter makes a fundamental distinc-tion between the public and the private, making room for free civic identities based on the arbi-trary individual choice of an autonomous subject and homogenizing social reality into ideal ab-solute anarchy. This is possible only on the basis of the tradition of secularization, which is im-manent in the West and alien to Islam. With regard to any “other”, strategies of assimilation or destruction are applied. The conclusion is made about the unsuitability of liberal “instruments” for the establishment and maintenance of peace through the policy of separation and multicul-turalism; theoretically possible alternatives to the “notion of the political” are indicated
Predial Cults Under “Developed Socialism” and Islamic Tradition: on One Farming Ceremony of the Tabasaran
Authors:   Ethnography Department, Ruslan Ibragimovich Seferbekov ,   Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2021

The article provides a description of an age-old predial profane rite of Tabasaran people that was practised down to the 1960s. The rite was performed in an extraordinary situation, since it violated both communist ideology and Muslim tradition. Villagers began the ritual by perform-ing the rite of zikr, and ended it by distributing the sadaka of mercy. The aim of the rite was tak-ing off the so-called “evil eye” from a farm field that did not bear fruit for three years. The rite began by the discovery of the field to be cleared from the evil eye. To this end, a dog was brought to the field and killed. Then, its dismembered body was scattered around. In some cas-es, instead of a dog, a boar or a cat were immolated. The ritual was acccompanied by a variety of magical actions. Overlooking the translucent pagan nature of this rite, local authorities and Muslim believers did not prevent it, but were active participants thereof. In the second half of the 20th century, with the transformation of most collective farms into state farms, this agricul-tural rite terminated. However, the existence of this ritual up to the era of “developed socialism” in an Islamic region testifies to its stability and importance in the predial ritualism of the Tabasa-ran, the syncretic nature of their views, forming a bizarre mixture of ancient pagan rites and Muslim traditions under the tight control of the official Marxist-Leninist doctrine. Similar syn-cretic views, common among the Tabasaran and other peoples of Dagestan, may be attributed to the category of “folk”, “everyday” or “traditional” Islam diverged from its “orthodox” Koranic version. Rites of cathartic magic with the same semantics existed not only in Tabasaran farming, but also in demonology and hunting rites. They had analogues with other peoples of Dagestan and the world.
Sound Symbolism of Double Roots in the Language of the Quran
Authors:   Research Laboratory for Analysis and Modeling of Social Processes of St. Petersburg State University, Vladimir Andreevich Rozov
Published: February 2021

The article examines the role of doubled roots in the creation of sound symbolism in the language of the Quran. A quantitative analysis of all cases of the occurrence of word forms de-rived from doubled roots in the text of the Quran showed that the sound-symbolic meaning is not specific for double roots: ideophones constitute only a small part of the vocabulary formed from this type of roots. This contrasts with the results of previous research, also based on the material of the Quranic language, which revealed the specific sound-symbolic meaning of the four-consonant roots formed by the reduplication of a two-consonant cell. The data obtained do not allow us to conclude that any reduplication or germination in the structure of the Arabic root is a characteristic marker of sound-symbolic vocabulary. Nevertheless, the contextual analysis of lexemes formed from doubled roots made it possible to identify their important role in creat-ing sound symbolism in specific suras and ayahs of the Quran, which is one of the factors of rhetorical perfection and the emotional and psychological power of the Quranic text on its lis-teners.
Public anxiety during Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia: Indication for a psychological assistance intervention
Authors:   EMS Department, Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz College for EMS, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Alrazeeni Daifallah
Published: February 2021

The 2019 outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a worldwide health emergency that threatens the psychological health of the public. Research data are required to establish evidence-based approaches to alleviate the symptoms of anxiety during the outbreak. This study aimed to survey the public in Saudi Arabia to help in understanding their levels of anxiety during the COVID-19 outbreak. The researchers performed an on-line survey using snowball-sampling methods from April 1 through April 10, 2020. The online survey collected demographics information data, while the Social Anxiety Questionnaire for Adults (SAQ-A30) was used to measure anxiety levels. This study consisted of 709 respondents from different regions of Saudi Arabia. The general population reported mild to moderate rates of anxiety. Married respondents were associated with a significantly higher level of anxiety (p<0.05). The respondents reported mild to moderate anxiety during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. The results of this study identify the implications to lower levels of anxiety that may be used during the COVID-19 outbreak to develop psychological health assistance interventions to improve the psychological health of vulnerable groups.
The rule of nutrition counseling media to students’ snacking behavior
Authors: Hadi Anto J. , Ishak Syamsopyan , Rantesalu Matius
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Banyaknya berbagai jenis jajan saat ini yang beredar tidak aman dikonsumsi anak usia sekolah dasar di lingkungan sekolah maupun dirumah. Makanan jajanan yang ditawarkan penjual belum tentu menyehatkan dan hal yang disukai anak-anak sekolah dasar tetapi sayangnya tidak semuanya aman dikonsumsi oleh anak.

Tujuan : Untuk menilai pengaruh media penyuluhan gizi terhadap perilaku jajan siswa di SD Negeri 107422 Pagar Jati Kabupaten Deli Serdang.

Metode: Penelitian ini adalah quasi experiment dengan desain pretest-posttest group. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SD Negeri 107422 Pagar Jati dan dilakukan pada bulan September dan Oktober 2019. Populasi sebanyak 60 siswa dan sampel terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok dengan jumlah masing-masing sebanyak 30 siswa dan pengambilan sampel secara proportional random sampling. Analisis data dengan menggunakan uji paired sample t-test.

Hasil: Ada pengaruh media penyuluhan gizi terhadap sikap dan tindakan konsumsi makanan jajanan pada siswa sekolah dasar baik dengan menggunakan powerpoint (p=0,000) maupun leaflet (p=0,000). Skor rata-rata sikap dan tindakan siswa meningkat dari pretest ke posttest dan lebih tinggi peningkatannya pada penggunaan media powerpoint.

Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh positif media penyuluhan gizi terhadap sikap dan tindakan siswa dengan perilaku jajan siswa. Bagi siswa diharapkan selalu memilih makanan sehat dan tidak memilih jajanan yang kurang sehat.

KATA KUNCI: media penyuluhan gizi; perilaku ngemil sehat

 

ABSTRACT

Background: Various types of snacks currently existed in the market are not safe for consumption by elementary school-aged children at school or home environment. Snack food offered by the seller is not necessarily healthy yet the children like. But unfortunately there are several snacks that are not safe for children consumption.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the effect of nutrition counseling media on student snack behavior in SD Negeri 107422 Pagar Jati, Deli Serdang Regency.

Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental approach using pretest and post-test group design. The study was conducted at SD Negeri 107422 Pagar Jati, Deli Serdang Regency in September to October 2019. The population were 60 students. Samples were then divided into 2 groups with a total of 30 students using proportional random sampling. Data analysis used was paired sample t-test.

Results: There was an influence of nutrition counseling media on the attitudes and actions of snacking behavior for elementary school students using either powerpoint (p = 0.000) or leaflets (p = 0.000).

Conclusion: The average score of students' snacking attitudes and actions increases from pretest to post-test and higher increases in the use of powerpoint media. Students are expected to always choose healthy foods and not to choose snacks that are less healthy.

KEYWORDS: nutrition counseling media; healthy sacking behavior
Development of the Niggle App for Supporting Young People on Their Dynamic Journey to Well-being: Co-design and Qualitative Research Study
Authors: Stoyanov Stoyan R , Zelenko Oksana , Staneva Aleksandra , Kavanagh David J , Smith Calvin , Sade Gavin , Cheers Jessica , Hides Leanne
Published: February 2021

Background

Adolescence is a life stage characterized by intense development and increased vulnerability. Yet, young people rarely seek help for mental health, often due to stigma and embarrassment. Alarmingly, even those who do seek help may not be able to receive it. Interventions focused on well-being offer a protective factor against adversity. Highly effective, innovative, theoretically sound, accessible, and engaging mobile health (mHealth) interventions that can be used to look beyond mental ill-health and toward mental well-being are urgently needed.

Objective

We aimed to explore how young Australians conceptualize and construct recovery journeys from feeling unwell to being well in order to inform the conceptual design of a youth-led information-, resource-, and support-focused mHealth intervention.

Methods

A sample of young people, grouped by age (12-15 years, 16-19 years, and 20-25 years), took part in 3 in-person participatory design workshops (per group). Young people’s understanding and representation of well-being, feeling unwell, and the recovery journey were investigated using visual and linguistic data collection methods: photo elicitation and journey mapping. A social constructionist perspective was used for thematic analysis to produce a conceptual model of the recovery journey. A mobile app was co-designed and all app functions were mapped through iterative development and testing by young people and a team of psychology, research, design and information technology experts.

Results

Young people (n=25) described a 6-stage journey with specific barriers and coping strategies. The findings, when situated within the personal recovery framework in mental health, emphasize the cyclic and iterative model of change. Through co-design, the new app—Niggle—was conceptualized as a visual representation of an amorphous problem, which can be addressed through app functions corresponding to the most helpful strategies that young people used to progress through the stages of their recovery journey.

Conclusions

Niggle is available to offer support to young people for a range of problems and provides a hot link to counseling services in Australia. This paper elaborates on the process of in-depth qualitative data collection through visual, linguistic, and co-design methods. The findings of this study give insight into young people’s understanding of well-being and recovery. This paper could aid the development of high-quality personalized mHealth interventions and support resources.
Revealing Opinions for COVID-19 Questions Using a Context Retriever, Opinion Aggregator, and Question-Answering Model: Model Development Study
Authors: Lu Zhao-Hua , Wang Jade Xiaoqing , Li Xintong
Published: February 2021

Background

COVID-19 has challenged global public health because it is highly contagious and can be lethal. Numerous ongoing and recently published studies about the disease have emerged. However, the research regarding COVID-19 is largely ongoing and inconclusive.

Objective

A potential way to accelerate COVID-19 research is to use existing information gleaned from research into other viruses that belong to the coronavirus family. Our objective is to develop a natural language processing method for answering factoid questions related to COVID-19 using published articles as knowledge sources.

Methods

Given a question, first, a BM25-based context retriever model is implemented to select the most relevant passages from previously published articles. Second, for each selected context passage, an answer is obtained using a pretrained bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) question-answering model. Third, an opinion aggregator, which is a combination of a biterm topic model and k-means clustering, is applied to the task of aggregating all answers into several opinions.

Results

We applied the proposed pipeline to extract answers, opinions, and the most frequent words related to six questions from the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset Challenge. By showing the longitudinal distributions of the opinions, we uncovered the trends of opinions and popular words in the articles published in the five time periods assessed: before 1990, 1990-1999, 2000-2009, 2010-2018, and since 2019. The changes in opinions and popular words agree with several distinct characteristics and challenges of COVID-19, including a higher risk for senior people and people with pre-existing medical conditions; high contagion and rapid transmission; and a more urgent need for screening and testing. The opinions and popular words also provide additional insights for the COVID-19–related questions.

Conclusions

Compared with other methods of literature retrieval and answer generation, opinion aggregation using our method leads to more interpretable, robust, and comprehensive question-specific literature reviews. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method in answering COVID-19–related questions with main opinions and capturing the trends of research about COVID-19 and other relevant strains of coronavirus in recent years.
Improving Predictions of COVID-19 Preventive Behavior: Development of a Sequential Mediation Model
Authors: Roberts James A , David Meredith E
Published: February 2021

Background

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing, self-quarantining, wearing masks, and washing hands have become part of the new norm for many, but not all. It appears that such preventive measures are critical to “flattening the curve” of the spread of COVID-19. The public’s adoption of such behaviors is an essential component in the battle against what has been referred to as the “invisible enemy.”

Objective

The primary objective of this study was to develop a model for predicting COVID-19 preventive behaviors among US college students. The Health Belief Model has a long history of use and empirical support in predicting preventive health behaviors, but it is not without its purported shortcomings. This study identifies a more optimal and defensible combination of variables to explain preventive behaviors among college students. This segment of the US population is critical in helping slow the spread of COVID-19 because of the relative reluctance of college students to perform the needed behaviors given they do not feel susceptible to or fearful of COVID-19.

Methods

For this study, 415 US college students were surveyed via Qualtrics and asked to answer questions regarding their fear of COVID-19, information receptivity (seeking relevant information), perceived knowledge of the disease, self-efficacy, and performance of preventive behaviors. The PROCESS macro (Model 6) was used to test our conceptual model, including predictions involving sequential mediation.

Results

Sequential mediation results show that fear of COVID-19 leads individuals to seek out information regarding the disease, which increases their perceived knowledge and fosters self-efficacy; this is key to driving preventive behaviors.

Conclusions

Self-imposed preventive measures can drastically impact the rate of infection among populations. Based on this study’s newly created sequential mediation model, communication strategies for encouraging COVID-19 preventive behaviors are offered. It is clear that college students, and very possibly adults of all ages, must have a healthy fear of COVID-19 to set in motion a process where concerned individuals seek out COVID-19–related information, increasing their store of knowledge concerning the disease, their self-efficacy, and ultimately their likelihood of performing the needed preventive behaviors.