bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The constitutional test of necessity: problem statement
Authors: Dolzhikov A. V.
Published: March 2022

The subject-matter of the research is the constitutional test of necessity. This element of proportionality could be found in doctrine and case-law in the form of metaphors. The necessity as a prong of proportionality consists in testing the available alternatives in comparison with the measures that the legislator has chosen to achieve public aims. The notion of a least restrictive means can be used as a synonym for this element of proportionality. Although this term is cumbersome, it more precisely defines the nature of constitutional litigation, where the admissibility of interference with fundamental rights is assessed.

The purpose of the research is to argue that this element of proportionality implies the assessment of the least restrictive alternatives for the rights-holder in order to achieve the goal chosen by the legislator.

The methodology of research includes the method of analogy. Accordingly, the analogical reasoning is used in constitutional adjudication when testing necessity of legislative measures, but not the methods of logical subsumtion or judicial balancing. The sources of such analogy can be the rules of international law, ordinary legislation and comparative legal materials.

The main results of the research and the scope of their application. The expression necessity is widely used in international law and ordinary legislation. Such approaches are relevant to constitutional adjudication. Thus, the ultima ratio principle, which initially appears in criminal and administrative law, acquires universal application in constitutional justice. This criterion, which requires the use of the most severe legal measures only as a last resort, with the ineffectiveness of softer alternatives, can be extended to the constitutionalization of other branches of legislation.

The test of necessity, which is often expressed in metaphors, in the case-law of constitutional justice is based on the method of analogy. In the decisions of the constitutional justice bodies, the least restrictive means are often mentioned in comparison with those which were originally chosen by the legislator. At the same time, the discovered alternatives should be equally or at least minimally suitable in comparison with the existing legislative solutions. Comparative law, international law, or ordinary legislation are often an auxiliary source for constitutional judges to identify and formulate least restrictive alternatives.

Conclusions. The value of the analogical reasoning, including the appeal of constitutional justice to comparative law materials, lies in the possibility of identifying some experimental legal regimes. Moreover, the perception of specific alternatives, their clarification or modification remains within the discretionary powers of the legislature. Thus, avoiding the well-known counter-majoritarian difficulty, constitutional justice conducts a dialogue with the parliament, and in the end, contributes to the optimal implementation of fundamental rights.
Freedom of thought, speech and expression: some problems of formulation and determining boundaries in relation to the impact of a religious factor
Authors: Idrisov H. V.
Published: March 2022

The subject of study. The article examines certain aspects to realize freedom of thought and expression, as well as the acceptable limits. Freedom of thought, speech and expression issues are considered separately in the context of the religious component, its characteristics in the Islamic religion. The provisions of the main sources in the Muslim system of law – the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet and Messenger of Muhammad (May Allah bless him) have been studied in sufficient details. The legal analysis on the issues under consideration was carried out based on doctrinal opinions, the current Russian and international legal acts, judicial practice, including the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. The article describes extremism through the prism of freedom of thought, speech and expression. It is noted that extremist activity is one of the consequences of misinterpretation, true awareness and perception of freedom of thought, speech and expression.

The purpose of the study. The main purpose of the study is to clarify the origins of conflicts in the process of realizing freedom of thought, speech and expression, and substantiate the hypothesis that freedom of thought, speech and expression should have certain boundaries, especially in context of the influence of the religious factor.

The methodology of the study. The study is based on a dialectical approach to the disclosure of legal phenomena and processes using general scientific methods (systemic method, logical method, method of analysis and synthesis) and special scientific methods. Among the latter there are formal legal method, linguistic method, comparative legal method, which have found their application in the legal analysis to realize freedom of thought, speech and expression.

Conclusions.As a result, it is emphasized that freedom of thought, speech and expression is the achievement of modern mankind, one of the foundations of a democratic system and an element of civil society. The state-guaranteed opportunity for individuals to exercise these freedoms in society is a guarantee of a "healthy" society in the legal sense. However, as practice shows, unlimited freedom leads to its abuse, thereby infringing on the freedoms of other individuals and therefore, freedom of speech and its expression presupposes the existence of boundaries outlined by the state in the interests of society.  The specifics of freedom of thought, speech and expression in the Muslim system of law based on the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet (May Allah bless him), is that this freedom ends where the border line begins, designated by the law of the Most High.
URBANIZATION, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH NEXUS IN BRICS ECONOMIES
Authors: Ali Hina , Ejaz Nargis
Published: March 2022

This research aims to investigate the nexus between urbanization environmental degradation and economic growth in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) economies. This relation is still under question. Some researcher shows positive affiliation of urbanization with economic growth and environmental degradation while some show negative. But truth is that urbanization environmental degradation and economic growth are correlated to each other. For the analysis, data is taken from the period 1990 to 2018. Two models are created the first model shows the urbanization nexus with economic growth and the second is showing the nexus of environmental degradation and economic growth. The GDP is the dependent variable in both model and independent variable are labor force participation rate, carbon dioxide emission, gross fixed capital formation, trade openness, exchange rate, school enrollment, real interest rate, urbanization growth, and poverty headcount. Annual data is collected from the world indicator file. To check the correlation between variables, panel co-integration analyses such as Pedroni co-integration test, and Kao residual co-integration tests are applied. Panel co-integration tests are employed on two models separately. Both FMOLS models estimated the relevance. A causality test is also applied. The concluding effect shows that in BRICS urbanization has a positive effect on economic growth and a negative effect of environmental degradation on economic growth. The current study base on the least considered variables panel cointegration test FMOLS technique is used.
TAXONOMIC, CHOROLOGIC AND COENO-ECOLOGIC FEATURES OF THE ALCHEMILLA COLORATA SPECIES
Authors:   University of Craiova, “Al. Buia” Botanical Garden, 26 C-tin Lecca Street, BORUZ VIOLETA
Published: March 2022

Monographic research on the Alchemilla genus has been motivated by its complexity. Alchemilla species are mountainous, subalpine and alpine plants, perennial, small to medium. Their identification is usually difficult. The aim was to find new characters and criteria for the most precise delimitation of the different microspecies. Apart from the delimitation and description of species of this genus and in addition to morphological criteria, other criteria are required, such as ecology, chorology, phytogeography, karyology etc.
PHYSIOLOGICAL PARTICULARITIES OF PORTULACA OLERACEA L. PLANTS
Authors:   University of Craiova,, BUȘE–DRAGOMIR LUMINIȚA , NICOLAE ION ,   University of Craiova,
Published: March 2022

Portulaca oleracea L., considered by many a weed, is in fact a plant with multiple food and medicinal values, and with a specific adaptation to stress conditions.
FOLIAR AND STEM CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE INVASIVE SPECIES AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA FROM PASTURES
Authors:   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy, SALCEANU CALIN , OLARU LIVIU AUREL ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy, POPESCU CĂTĂLIN VIOREL ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy, DOBRE MARIAN ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy, GONŢA SUNĂ LEONTINA- MONICA ,   University of Craiova,
Published: March 2022

The present paper presents the results of the chemical foliar control research of the species Ailanthus altissima. In the shrubs sprayed on the foliar apparatus, the effect was 100%, only where the solution reached the leaves, and in the tops of the trees where the solution did not spread, the leaves were not affected, having a normal vegetation. It should be noted that this method applied by spraying the foliar apparatus did not affect other shrubs in the vicinity, only the treated herbicide had an effect on those treated. In conclusion, the herbicide had its effect only where it came in contact with the leaves, the rest of the leaves not being affected. In those injected with a herbicide dose of 4 ml / cm in the diameter of the tree (15 cm in diameter corresponds to a dose of 60 ml pure herbicide) at a distance of 30 cm above the ground, the herbicide made its effect 100%, these shrubs drying completely. They were also affected, in addition to those injected a no. of 10 and 12 trees, respectively, on a perimeter of 10 m2 , but not entirely, the foliar apparatus being affected 70-80% of the foliage and at the same time new shoots of approx. 30-40 cm long, and the tendency of herbicidal trees to regenerate after approx. 35 days.
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE IN ROMANIA - AN IMPORTANT RESOURCE OF QUALITY RAW MATERIALS FOR INNOVATIVE FOODS
Authors:   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy, SAVESCU PETRE , DOBRE MARIAN ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy, BADESCU GABRIEL ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy
Published: March 2022

Organic foods, functional foods, Food supplements are designed and built from organic agricultural raw materials and natural food additives. In the last ten years, in Romania, there has been a significant increase in ecologically certified areas, an increase in organic cereal crops, areas cultivated with green harvested plants and permanent crops (orchards, vines, fruit bushes). These increases facilitate the obtaining of foods with high nutritional density and an increased processing efficiency. All these are part of the Sustainable Development Strategy of Romania in the period 2020-2030, approved in EC.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FIELD MAPLE STANDS FROM THE MOLDAVIAN PLAIN (ROMANIA)
Authors:   ”Marin Drăcea” National Institute of Research and Development in Forestry, VASILE DIANA , ENESCU RALUCA ,   ”Marin Drăcea” National Institute of Research and Development in Forestry, DINCĂ LUCIAN ,   ”Marin Drăcea” National Institute of Research and Development in Forestry
Published: March 2022

Acer genus comprises approx. 120 species, mostly trees and rarely shrubs. There are several species of this genus in Romania (8), both forest and ornamental. Acer campestre is a tree of the third size and a species of understory. The present study was conducted on field maple stands from the Moldavian Plain, Romania. A series of characteristics were studied, namely: altitude, slope, stand age, crown density, increments and stand volume. The area occupied by field maple in the Moldavian Plain is of 666.4 ha. The maximum altitude at which the studied species is found is 525 m.
ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF STRESSES AND STRAINS IN THE CURVED STILT, USING TRIANGULAR FINITE ELEMENTS (CST)
Authors:   U.P. Bucharest / Romania, BIRIȘ SORIN ȘTEFAN , DUMITRU IULIAN ,   INMA Bucharest/ Romania, UNGUREANU N. ,   U.P. Bucharest / Romania, VLĂDUȚ VALENTIN ,   INMA Bucharest/ Romania
Published: March 2022

The paper presents a study on the analysis of the distribution of stresses and strains in the curved stilt of the plough-body, using the Finite Element Method. Modeling was performed with the help of triangular finite elements "CST" (Constant Strain Triangle), using a special program for this type of applications “CSTPL.EXE”, developed at University Politehnica of Bucharest, Department of Materials Strength.
RESEARCH REGARDING LABORATORY TESTING OF SOIL PROCESSING EQUIPMENT USING THE EFFECT OF ELECTRO-OSMOSIS
Authors:   INMA Bucharest/ Romania, BRĂCĂCESCU CARMEN , VLĂDUȚ VALENTIN ,   INMA Bucharest/ Romania, BIRIȘ SORIN ȘTEFAN ,   U.P. Bucharest / Romania, UNGUREANU N. ,   U.P. Bucharest / Romania, POPA D. ,   ARDS Secuieni, MATEI GHEORGHE ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy, BORUZ SORIN ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy, VOICEA IULIAN ,   INMA Bucharest / Romania
Published: March 2022

Electro-osmosis principle consists of the application of a direct current voltage for an anode-cathode system introduced into soil. The soil water transported from the anode to cathode, on the tool-soil contact surface will produce a lubrification of an active surface and through this a great decreasing of the friction forces and implicit of the energy needed for displacing the tool through the soil. The active surface of the tilling tool is chosen in order to minimize the frictions, respective the mechanic energies needed for tilling. This paper aims to increase the popularization of the electro-osmosis technique, highlighting the advantages of using such a method for soil improvements, as well as in view of optimizing the functional parameters of the soil tillage equipment.
GEOTECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A GREENHOUSE IN THE LIMITROPHE AREA OF CRAIOVA
Authors:   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy, BRUMAR DRAGOMIR , CIOBOATĂ MARIUS ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy
Published: March 2022

The geotechnical documentation constitutes the quality verification at the requirement of resistance and stability of the foundation lands and earth masses and includes technical information about the land location and morphological data, classification in the geotechnical category, investigation of the foundation land, lithology and physical-mechanical characteristics of the land and the foundation conditions, obtained by performing a geotechnical drilling and dynamic penetration tests and the analysis of stratification, granulometry and physical-mechanical characteristics. The ground is flat and good foundation on 0.0-6.0 m depth, the conventional pressure is 170 kPa for Df = 0.8 m and B = 0.6 m and respectively 264 kPa for Df = 4.0 m and B = 2.0 m being recommended insulated foundations or insulated foundations with balancing beams, the terrain presents a low geotechnical risk and a degree of seismicity 82
LOCATION OF THE REFRIGERATION HALL ON THE BASIS OF THE GEOTECHNICAL STUDY IN THE PERIURBAN AREA OF CRAIOVA
Authors:   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy, CIOBOATĂ MARIUS , BRUMAR DRAGOMIR ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy, MIHALACHE DUMITRU BOGDAN ,   INMA Bucharest/ Romania
Published: March 2022

The geotechnical exploration works performed in the site area aim to provide the data necessary to solve the issues related to location and morphological data, classification in the geotechnical category, investigation of the foundation land, data on lithology and physicalmechanical characteristics of the land, foundation conditions. In this sense, two geotechnical drillings were performed, dynamic penetration tests and the stratification, granulometry and physical and mechanical characteristics were studied. From the analysis of the obtained results it results that the site has a slight slope with EV orientation, it is stable when sliding, the ground is good for foundation on 0.0-6.0 m depth, the aquifer horizon is over 7.0 m depth, the values of conventional pressure are of 189 kPa for Df = 0.8 m and B = 0.6 m and respectively 288 kPa for Df = 4.0 m and B = 2.0 m, the land presents a moderate geotechnical risk and a degree of seismicity 82
STUDY ON THE USE OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF FINANCING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE RURAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, CÎJMĂROIU GHEORGHE AUGUSTIN , SPERDEA NATALIȚA MARIA ,   University of Craiova, VLADU MARIUS ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy
Published: March 2022

The study we propose will help to identify funding needs for the future programming period, as well as to highlight the contribution of investments from various sources of funding to human resource development in the region, in the programming period 2021 - 2027. The study will develop an updated, detailed and exhaustive analysis of the development of human resources in the rural environment in the SV Oltenia region taking into account previous funding, current legislation, institutions involved in the field and previous actions implemented in the region. Based on the interpretation of the data that characterize the current situation, the real development needs of this field will be identified. Based on these, both priorities and measures that could contribute to the development of rural human resources will be identified and described.
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING THE EFFECTS OF ELECTRO-OSMOSIS ON DECREASING THE FORCES AND THE ENERGY NEEDED FOR TILLING THE SOIL
Authors:   INMA Bucharest, CRISTEA O. , DUMITRU C. ,   INMA Bucharest, VLĂDUŢ VALENTIN ,   INMA Bucharest, CUJBESCU DAN ,   INMA Bucharest, BIRIŞ SORIN ȘTEFAN ,   U.P. Bucharest / Romania, UNGUREANU N. ,   U.P. Bucharest / Romania, MATEI GHEORGHE ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy, POPA D. ,   ARDS Secuieni, BORUZ SORIN ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy
Published: March 2022

Electro-osmosis principle consists in the application of a direct current voltage for an anode-cathode system introduced into soil. The effect of this system consists of the mobilization of water particles from the soil and their transport, in a very short time, from the anode to cathode. The soil water transported from the anode to cathode, on the tool-soil contact surface, in consequence, will produce a lubrication of the active surface and thereby a considerable reduction of the friction forces and implicitly of the energy necessary to move the tool through the soil
USE OF THE STONEX S9 PLUS GPS RECEIVER FOR THE PREPARATION OF CADASTRE DOCUMENTATION FOR THE REGISTRATION IN THE LAND BOOK OF A PROPERTY
Authors:   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy, CROITORU ALIN , MILUȚ MARIUS ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy, BUZATU CLAUDIU ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy, CROITORU IRINA ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy, OPRESCU R. ,   INMA Bucharest
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the paper is to present a model for preparing topo-cadastral documentation for registration in the Land Book of a property, using modern equipment, methods and measurement systems. The respective building is located in Călărași commune, Sărata village, Dreptății street, number 3, Dolj county, being composed of construction yards and arable land, a residential building and two household annexes. In order to prepare the technical documentation necessary for registration in the land book of the building, a topographic survey was performed in the Stereographic 1970 projection system and the 1975 BLACK SEA reference system, using a Stonex S9 PLUS GPS receiver.
CEREAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS
Authors:   INMA, Bucharest, Romania, DUMITRAŞCU ANDREI , PĂUN ANIŞOARA ,   INMA, Bucharest, Romania, STROESCU GHEORGHE ,   INMA, Bucharest, Romania, ZAICA ALEXANDRU ,   INMA Bucharest / Romania
Published: March 2022

By storing the cereals immediately after harvesting in warehouses, or silos, in layers with a height of 2-3 m, the phenomenon of heating inevitably occurs, which leads to a decrease in quality and even to the degradation of the products in a relatively short time. Proper aeration is one of the most important processes in a grain storage system and is essential for maintaining the quality of stored products. A properly used aeration system helps control insect infestations and moisture migration, reducing grain damage and saving money. The paper will present the results of experiments for storing grain in bulk, in a warehouse with floor ventilation channels, for different products, depending on the variable elements: layer height for various seeds, product humidity, air flow speed, etc.
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES TO SUSTAINABILITY IN HIDROPONIC SYSTEMS– REVIEW
Authors:   INMA, Bucharest, Romania, DUMITRU IULIAN , VLĂDUŢ VALENTIN ,   INMA, Bucharest, Romania, PERȘU C. ,   INMA, Bucharest, Romania, OPRESCU M. ,   INMA Bucharest, POPA D. ,   ARDS Secuieni
Published: March 2022

Hydroponics is a viable solution to obtain intensive agriculture, in terms of producing vegetables and fruits as tasty and nutritious as those produced in classical crops. In the current changing climatic conditions, it can be a viable solution for obtaining high quality food. In addition, the system allows establishment of crops, which do not require the use of soil or manure, but only water that contains various dissolved nutrients. This agricultural cropping technology involves the use of various fertilizers instead of soil for the growth and development of plants. The light needed to develop the plates can come from the sun, or can be produced by renewable energy sources.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR AN EXPERIMENTAL DIESEL ENGINE FUELED BY A MIXTURE OF RAPESSEED OIL AND DIESEL
Authors:   Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Automotive, Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, JURCHIŞ BOGDAN , ŞUGAR IOAN RADU ,   Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Engineering, GIURGIULESCU LIVIU ,   Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Science
Published: March 2022

Due to the current international situation in terms of rising energy prices, biodiesel remains an extremely attractive fuel in terms of alternative fuels for agriculture sector. The advantages of using biodiesel by diesel engines can be explained both by the fact that it is produced from renewable sources with lower costs than conventional fuels and by the fact that biodiesel is comparable in terms of performance with conventional fuels. Besides the fact that it is obtained from green sources studies have shown that biodiesel has a number of advantages in terms of pollutant emissions. In this paper we will analyze the performances obtained by an experimental single-cylinder engine model AVL 5402.
CURRENT STATE CONCERNING THE CONSTRUCTION OF ORGANIC COMPOST EQUIPMENT. A REVIEW
Authors:   INMA, Bucharest, Romania, CONSTANTIN (MARIN) A.M , BIRIS S. ȘT ,   U.P. Bucharest / Romania, VLĂDUŢ VALENTIN , TĂBĂRAȘU ANA MARIA ,   INMA, Bucharest, Romania
Published: March 2022

Globally, in recent years, attempts have been made to move towards organic farming by eliminating the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. To increase soil fertility, more and more natural, biodegradable fertilizers are used. Composting is a naturally controlled process, in which beneficial microorganisms, bacteria, and fungi, turn waste into a finite, fertilizer and soil hardener, which can be considered the enemy of soil pathogens. By decomposing and stabilizing organic substances during fermentation under the action of microorganisms, by biological degradation, the organic material is transformed into a humus-like material. The main purpose of waste composting technologies is to reduce the amount of biodegradable waste, to store it in environmentally friendly conditions and, finally, to reintroduce the finished product, which is compost, into the economic circuit. This paper aims to present the current state concerning the construction of organic compost equipment, but also the advantages and disadvantages of each equipment /machinery.
USE OF AQUATIC PLANTS PISTIA STRATIOTES, EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES AND SALVINIA MOLESTA AS ORGANIC FERTILIZER IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE – REVIEW
Authors:   INMA, Bucharest, Romania, MATACHE ANDREEA , VANGHELE N. A ,   INMA, Bucharest, Romania, PETRE A.A. ,   INMA, Bucharest, Romania, STANCIU MM ,   INMA, Bucharest, Romania
Published: March 2022

The intensive application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, in the context of the continuous development of agriculture, has led to a high level of environmental pollution and a serious deterioration in soil fertility. In an attempt to reduce all these negative effects, classical agriculture is moving towards sustainable agriculture. An ecological alternative to the use of chemicals is the application of organic fertilizers. One of the ecological sources is aquatic plants. Often considered invasive due to their rapid development, aquatic plants have a real potential in sustainable agriculture. This review presents the use of aquatic plants pistia stratiotes, eichhornia crassipes and salvinia molesta as organic fertilizer in sustainable agriculture.
STUDY ON THE HUMAN RESOURCES DYNAMICS IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR FROM SOUTHMUNTENIA REGION, 2016-2021
Authors:   University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, NIȚU RAREȘ-VLADIMIR , VLADU MARIUS ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy
Published: March 2022

The aim of the study was to analyze the labor resource involved in agricultural activity in the South-Muntenia Region, as well as to highlight the existing trends in this sector as a result of the health crisis we are going through. Existing statistical data indicate annual fluctuations in the number of employees in agriculture in the period 2016-2019, up to 1-2%, after which between 2019 and 2020 there is a decrease of 1.29%, considered insignificant. In Romania, there is a decrease of 1.8%, amid economic uncertainties, but also the capricious climate, avoiding employment. On the other hand, the average gross salary increases by 12.45% in 2020, compared to 2019, and the forecasts so far for 2021 follow the same trend.
COMPONENTS OF THE ECONOMICS OF QUALITY AS A FACTOR OF INCREASING THE QUALITY OF PLANNING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TERRITORY
Authors:   Institute for Regional Economic Studies Russian Academy of Sciences, Okrepilov Vladimir V.
Published: March 2022

The article overviews the issues of application of the main elements of the economics of quality to improve planning of the development of territories. The necessity of this step is substantiated, the importance of standardization, metrology and quality management in the system of strategic and current planning is revealed.
MODELING AN ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE OF SAINT PETERSBURG POPULATION
Authors:   Institute for Regional Economic Studies Russian Academy of Sciences, Gagulina Natalya L.
Published: March 2022

The problem of assessment of the quality of life is one of the most important and major problems of modernity. Solving this problem concerns population, public, authorities and business communities. Moreover, it is a subject for discussion on the different levels of economy. There are a lot of ratings in which Saint Petersburg takes leading places by quality of life among regions of Russian Federation criteria. It is necessary to compare this indicator with the best cities in the world. However, there are few ratings target an assessment of the quality of life in the regions of Russia and these ratings are not systematized and can be inaccurate. In order to more clearly approach the modeling an assessment of Saint Petersburg’s quality of life, an author wonders: How do young people of Saint Petersburg city understand a term “quality of life”? The answers obtained with the use of the methods of expert evaluation, made an author to attempt to assess the quality of life indicator in the context of city regions. The methodological basis of the research was made up of a general scientific philosophical approach using methods of interdisciplinary research, such as modeling, methods of system analysis, etc. Modeling quality of life assessment was carried out using methods of econometric data analysis, as well as a Methodology for assessing the quality of life developed at the Institute of Regional Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The information base of the study was made up of Rosstat digital resources containing official statistical information on the main indicators characterizing the quality of life of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Based on the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the condition for achieving a better quality of life is a clear understanding of its essence and current state. The results of modeling quality of life assessment within the regions of Saint Petersburg give reason to believe that there is little differentiation between urban areas according to this indicator, and the quality of life is steadily increasing. In order to identify ways to improve the quality of life in individual regions, a more detailed study is needed to identify the features of their economy and management.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN STRATEGIC PLANNING OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Institute for Regional Economic Studies Russian Academy of Sciences, Dorofeeva Lyudmila V. , Leont’eva Anna N. ,   Institute for Regional Economic Studies Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2022

The article considers the process of integrating the principles of sustainable development into the strategic planning documents of the federal, regional and municipal levels. The comparison of key national projects for urban development was made and the degree of their correlation with the sustainable development goals was determined. Strategic initiatives for sustainable urban development are presented in the context of the formation of a governing framework for using the advantages of urbanization and mitigating its negative consequences.
About the proposal for software indicators in Open Science Monitor
Authors:   Groupe D’expertise Logiciels Libres Et Open Source
Published: March 2022

In spring 2018, the European Union published the Open Science Monitor (OSM) - a tool which measures the progress of open science in Europe. The Committee for Open Science's Free and Open Source Software Expert Group has made a critical analysis of the OSM's proposed software indicators. While highlighting the possible risks it has suggested alternatives to effectively take community practices into account and avoid calculation bias.
Étude de faisabilité d’un service générique d’accueil et de diffusion des données simples : ambitions du service et scénarios de mise en œuvre
Authors:   Collège Données de la Recherche
Published: March 2022

Le document présente et évalue différents scénarios et niveaux d’ambition fonctionnels relatifs à la création d’un service générique national. Il correspond à la troisième phase de l’étude de faisabilité. En partant des besoins identifiés lors de la première phase, le document propose différentes modalités d’implémentation qui sont présentées au travers de deux parcours utilisateurs : celui d’un producteur de données et celui d’un réutilisateur de données. Pour chacun trois niveaux d’ambition sont décrits. Ils correspondent à l’offre graduelle de l’accompagnement et des fonctionnalités associés au service national. Enfin, trois scénarios de mise en œuvre du service de dépôt sont proposés puis comparés fonctionnellement et économiquement.
La Ley del Divorcio de 1932. Entre la culpabilidad y la causalidad
Authors: Moreno Tejada Sara
Published: March 2022

Los constituyentes republicanos articularon un completo ordenamiento jurídico destinado, entre otros aspectos, a renovar los fundamentos de la sociedad, finalizar con vetustas convicciones y promover la cimentación de una moral renovada, más acorde a los nuevos tiempos. Dentro de este proceso de transformación, la institución de la familia ocupó un lugar clave, al constituir la base de la estructura social
Al-Qānūn al-Muqaddas. Datos sobre personajes y cronología a partir de fuentes hispanoárabes
Authors: Martínez Almira María Magdalena
Published: March 2022

Los cánones y epístolas del libro V sobre el matrimonio del Códice árabe de concilios son fuente de conocimiento del derecho aplicado en un contexto por conocer al detalle. El manuscrito catalogado por Casiri en el siglo xviii y posteriormente por Guillén Robles, pocos datos ofrecen sobre autor y fecha de elaboración, lo que dio lugar a especulaciones durante décadas.
Sobre el concepto y método de enseñanza planteados en las oposiciones a cátedras de Derecho Romano (1900-1943)
Authors: Cebreiros Álvarez Eduardo
Published: March 2022

En este artículo se explica la visión que sobre la enseñanza del derecho romano y sus fines manifestaron los diferentes opositores a cátedras universitarias de esta disciplina en la primera mitad del siglo xx. Para desarrollar este objetivo, se analizan las memorias presentadas por los diversos candidatos, que fueron preceptivas desde 1923, conservadas en el Archivo General de la Administración. Ello da pie, igualmente, a un análisis de todas las oposiciones celebradas por el turno libre hasta la reforma de la normativa universitaria, operada por la Ley de 29 de julio de 1943 sobre ordenación de la Universidad española.
Financiación de los partidos políticos y corrupción. Una visión histórico- jurídica
Authors: Torralbo Muñoz Bartolomé
Published: March 2022

El sistema de financiación de los partidos políticos español está compuesto, fundamentalmente, por tres normas: Ley Orgánica 8/2007, de 4 de julio, sobre financiación de los partidos políticos, Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General y los delitos de financiación ilegal de los partidos políticos recogidos en el Código Penal. En este trabajo se recoge el desarrollo histórico de este sistema junto con un estudio de los principales casos de corrupción directamente vinculados con la financiación de los partidos. Este análisis ayuda a explicar las grandes deficiencias que presenta el sistema en la actualidad y evidencia su fracaso desde la Transición hasta nuestros días.
«Los primeros pasos» de la ciencia de la administración hispana: «El dictamen de José Canga Argüelles sobre organización de los Gobernadores civiles, Consejos de provincia y Tribunales contencioso- administrativos» (1835)
Authors: Luque Reina Antonio Manuel
Published: March 2022

El presente artículo estudia el contexto político e institucional en el que se produjo la inauguración del lenguaje administrativo en España. Sobre la base que presta la lectura de una memoria inédita elaborada por José Canga-Argüelles en 1835, se analiza el punto de encuentro entre la «ciencia de la administración» de fuerte ascendencia francesa y las nociones de gobierno político-económico de los pueblos que habían caracterizado, subordinadas al paradigma jurisdiccional de gobierno, el discurso sobre el dominio del espacio territorial en la experiencia constitucional gaditana.
Un pianto stridulo che confonde: non è sempre laringomalacia
Authors: Posocco Francesca , Trafojer Ursula Maria Theresia , Baraldi Eugenio
Published: March 2022

The case of a young infant with congenital stridor eventually diagnosed as unilateral idiopathic paralysis of vocal cords is described. The differential diagnosis of congenital stridor is discussed.
An Investigation to Assess Occlusal and Psychological Parameters in Bruxism
Authors: Nasir Umar , Ahmad Haseeb , Tariq Sahibzadi Fatima , zeb Mahwish , Shafiq Fiza , Qureshi Asfandyar
Published: March 2022

Aim: To assess the anxiety and occlusal features in bruxism by means of T-Scan III and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale correspondingly. Study design: Case control study Place and duration of study: Department of Oral Medicine, Khyber Medical University-Institute of Dental Sciences, Kohat from 1st December 2020 to 30th November 2021. Methodology: This study comprised of a cluster of fifty patients with bruxism (Cluster Bxm) and fifty healthy persons as control cluster (Cluster NBxm). Patients were nominated from outdoor patients coming to Private Dental Teaching Hospital in Peshawar with the principal grievance of sensitivity of the teeth due to routine crushing. For the selection of cases, American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) was followed. Supplementary grounded on assessment of era and sex, controls were nominated. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) survey was asked equally from the clusters to assess the depression and anxiety. Record of occlusal strictures in both the clusters was completed numerically by using T-Scan III. Results: Cluster Bxm had expressively superior mean tooth wear index (20.35±9.7) than cluster NBxm (10.20±7.29). Cluster Bxm had ominously advanced anxiety (13.33±3.97/9.17±1.92) and depression scores (9±1.83/7.17±2.34) as equated to NBxm. The disclusion period of cluster Bxm was 0.953±0.860 and that of cluster NBxm was 0.358±0.390 (p=0.009). Conclusions: Patients with advanced stage of depression, anxiety and amplified disclusion period may have more fondness to misery from bruxism (p<0.05). Keywords: Bruxism, Depression, American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM), Tooth wear, Anxiety, Digital occlusal analysis
Remdesivir for Treating Non-Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Ahmed Shah Zahoor , Shakoor Abdul , Rehman Bhatti Hammad-Ur-
Published: March 2022

Aim: To examine the effect of remdesivir for treating non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Study design: Retrospective study Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine, Bolan Medical College, Quetta from 1st April 2021 to 30th September 2021. Methodology: One hundred patients were enrolled and divided into group A and group B within the age of 24-70 years. Group A was receiving remdesivir while group B is not receiving remdesivir. The clinical variables, BMI, comorbidities, duration of disease severity and viral load were determined. RT-PCR was conducted to determine viral load. Results: The mean age of study participants was 50±15 years with greater number of males. Diabetes was the major comorbidity. The time duration was decreased in group A upto 5 days and 8 days in group B. The viral load was decreased by mean value 6.32±1.76 to 6.2±1.78 in group B then group A respectively. Conclusion: Remdesivir is effective in COVID-19 treatment. Keywords: Remdesivir, COVID-19, Viral load
Effectiveness of Local Anesthetic Nerve Block compared with Spinal Anesthesia in cases of Rhomboid excision and Limberg flap closure for Pilonidal Disease
Authors: Bakhsh Khuda , Javed Nida , Iqbal Ejaz , Samee Umair , Kousar Rafia , Sehrish Anam , Cheema Khalid Mehmood , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Background: Modified Limberg Flap (MLF) is regarded as the mainstay of treatment for Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal disease due to less postoperative complications as compared to other available surgical procedures. This Operative procedure can be performed under Spinal anesthesia as well as Local Anesthesia. Aim: To compare outcome of patients undergoing Modified Limberg Flap for Sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus under Local anesthesia with adrenaline versus Spinal anesthesia in terms of post-operative pain, Seroma formation & Hospital stay. Methods: This was a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at Department of Surgery, Sughra Shafi Medical Complex, Narowal. Study was conducted for a period of 06 months and 80 patients were included through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Patients were randomly divided into 2 equal groups by computer generated method. Patients in group LA underwent MLF under Local anesthesia with adrenaline while patients in group SA underwent MLF under Spinal anesthesia. Informed written consent was obtained from all the participating patients. Results: Mean age of all patients was 24.78±5.12 years. Minimum and maximum age of patients was 16 and 37 years respectively. Gender distribution shows that 96.25% were male while 3.75% were female. Seroma formation in Group-LA was 0% while in Group-SA, it was 7.5%. Hospital stay of patients in Group-LA and in Group-SA was 9.60±9.39 and 29.10±9.37 hours respectively. Mean operation time in Group-LA was 42±5.64 minutes whereas in Group-SA mean operation time was 46±7.53 minutes. Mean pain score in Group-LA was 2±1.04 at 12th hour of surgery and in Group-SA it was 3.83±1.06 at 12th hour of surgery. Conclusion: It is concluded that Modified Limberg Flap can be performed under local anesthesia as a day case procedure to save time, reduce work burden and cost of surgery. Keywords: Modified Limberg Flap, Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal Sinus Disease, Local Anesthesia, Adrenaline, Spinal Anesthesia.
A Cross-Sectional Study on the Impact of Synchronous Learning among Medical Students during Covid 19 Pandemic: A Case Study of SKZMC, Lahore
Authors: Anwar Muhammad Imran , Naeem Muhammad Tayyab , Aamir Jameel Muhammad , Jameel Hafsa , Tahir Sameen
Published: March 2022

Aim: To assess the impact of synchronous learning on medical students of the SKZMC. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at SKZMC during the month of May 2021. Methodology: A questioner was developed on Google and sent to the medical students of each year of the SKZMC. Data of the 101 duly filled forms was analyzed by using SPSS software. Results: Results of the study reveal that online learning is a new entity for 82.2% medical students and they have not experienced it before. 53.4% participants felt headache during synchronous learning. 42.6% students are of the opinion that online learning method provides an opportunity for real time discussion, 18.8% thinks that it is cost effective, 24.8% for immediate feedback. 77.2% medical students were unable to study during Covid 19. 24.8% students opined that students show misbehavior during online learning. Conclusion: Having real time teacher-students discussion in cost effective manner and knowledge clarity due to immediate feedback enhances the applicability of this technology bound learning methodology. Inability of synchronous learning to develop clinical skills in future physicians with time constraints along with student misbehavior are some pitfalls in this newly implemented learning strategy. Online learning is not only more effective than traditional classroom learning but it is also significantly more cost effective than the tradition way of learning. Keywords: Synchronous learning, Covid 19, Medical Students.
Relationship of Stage of Labour at Time of C-Section and Subsequent Preterm Delivery in Females Presenting with Singleton Pregnancy
Authors: Raffique Sidra , Rasool Saba , Maqbool Amna , Bashir Maria , Mansoor Maheen , Rauf Abdul
Published: March 2022

Background: Preterm birth remains a large public health concern and contributor to neonatal morbidity. The effect of a cesarean in different stages of labor on spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) in a subsequent pregnancy has not been extensively studied. Aim: To assess the association of subsequent preterm delivery with second stage of labour at time of cesarean delivery in previous pregnancy in females presenting with singleton pregnancy. Study design: Cohort study Place and duration of study: Unit IV, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from August 2017 to February 2018. Methodology: A total of 180 patients who was fulfill the selection criteria included in the study. Females were asked for stage of labour at time of cesarean section in previous pregnancy and two groups were formed. Group I females with C-section at first stage and group II females with C-section at second stage. Then all patients were followed-up in OPD till delivery of index pregnancy. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Results: The mean age in all cases was 30.95±5.55 years with minimum and maximum age as 20 and 40 years. The mean age in group-I was 31.09±5.71 years and the mean age in group-II was 30.81±5.40 years. The mean parity in group-I and group-II was 2.78±0.92 and 2.82±0.84. The mean gestational age in group-I and group-II was 39.04±1.94 weeks and 38.22±3.05 weeks respectively. In group-I 4(4.4%) cases and in group-II 15(16.7%) cases had preterm birth, the preterm birth was higher in group-II as compared to unexposed group-I, pvalue <0.05. The RR = 0.267 shows protective effect on PTB in group-I. Conclusion: Through the findings of this study we found significant association of subsequent preterm delivery with second stage of labour at time of cesarean delivery in previous pregnancy in females presenting with singleton pregnancy. So females with previous LSCS must be screened timely to prevent subsequent preterm birth. By minimizing subsequent preterm birth we can reduce related neonatal mortality. Keywords: Cesarean delivery, Preterm birth, Second stage of labor.
ANALISIS KEHIDUPAN SISWA MENGEMBANGKAN BUDAYA LOKAL DI LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH MENENGAH AGAMA KATOLIK (SMAK) BHAKTI LUHUR MALANG
Authors: Sintani Maria Dara , Yuliati Yuliana Eni , Selatang Fabianus , Desa Maria Vianti
Published: March 2022

Diversity of culture, ethnicity, language is not only a wealth or treasure in living together, but can also threaten unity, harmony and harmony. Conflicts between cultures, ethnicities and languages ​​often occur in social life. This has a negative impact not only on inter-ethnic life, but also on religious life. The purpose of this study is to examine the threat aspect of cultural diversity, as an opportunity to build and strengthen a sense of brotherhood, love for others and uphold mutual respect and respect for differences as the capital of religious and social life by students of SMAK Bhakti Luhur Malang. The method used by the researcher is a qualitative method. The researcher used a descriptive approach. Sources of data are students in grades 1, II and III. The researcher chose 3 students as representatives of the population. In addition, data was also taken from teachers and school principals. The technique of determining the informant uses a purpose sampling technique. Researchers also refer to research results that have been published in national journals in order to map the novelty of this research. The data collection technique is open interview. The instrument used by the researcher was a list of questions. The analysis technique goes through three stages, namely reduction, display and data verification. The author concludes that tensions and conflicts are caused by a lack of understanding and awareness in addressing ethnic, linguistic and cultural differences. The development of local culture in schools as a constructive step in order to develop religious values. Therefore, it is necessary to liven up local cultural values ​​as a living laboratory for students so that they can be used as a basis for developing an attitude of religious moderation in the wider community.
Pedagogy оf Experience In Ethical Education аt Lower Secondary Education
Authors:   Constantine the Philosopher University – Nitra, Juhošová Erika
Published: March 2022

Slovak school system has undergone a process of transformation from a centralist, social and unified school system to a democratic, diversified and humanistic school system. Based on the nature of ethical education, we believe that it creates a suitable space for the implementation of experiential forms and methods of education. Concerning ethical education, it applies more than in other subjects that the primary thing is not the amount of knowledge, but a direct reflection and the inner acquisition of attitudes for practical life.