bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harmonization of microbiology processes and standards: work in progress
Authors: Samuel Linoj P.
Published: July 2018

Clinical microbiology is a highly challenging technical discipline, which makes it difficult to harmonize processes and protocols. In addition, the lack of scientific consensus on some diagnostic algorithms and the need to address the diverse needs of different patient populations contribute to the lack of interlaboratory consistency. Laboratories utilize a number of measures and metrics, but the lack of standardized approaches and data collection means that they cannot effectively evaluate their performance against their peers. Coordinated efforts are required to develop tools that can be used across laboratories regardless of size or complexity.
Uncertainty in measurement and total error: different roads to the same quality destination?
Authors: Farrance Ian , Badrick Tony , Frenkel Robert
Published: July 2018

The debate comparing the benefits of measurement uncertainty (uncertainty in measurement, MU) with total error (TE) for the assessment of laboratory performance continues. The summary recently provided in this journal by members of the Task and Finish Group on Total Error (TFG-TE) of the EFLM put the arguments into clear perspective. Even though there is generally strong support for TE in many laboratories, some of the arguments proposed for its on-going support require further comment. In a recent opinion which focused directly on the TFG-TE summary, several potentially confusing statements regarding ISO15189 and the Evaluation of measurement data – Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM) were again promulgated to promote TE methods for assessing uncertainty in laboratory measurement. In this opinion, we present an alternative view of the key issues and outline our views with regard to the relationship between ISO15189, uncertainty in measurement and the GUM.
Flow-induced failure mechanisms of copper pipe in potable water systems
Authors: Roy Siddhartha , Coyne Jeffrey M. , Novak Julia A. , Edwards Marc A.
Published: July 2018

Erosion or velocity-induced copper pipe corrosion is a significant problem in potable water systems, especially hot water recirculation systems. The little scientific work done in freshwater has not always been able to scientifically isolate the key factors causing these failures; in fact, most existing recommendations rely on anecdotal and/or experiential knowledge from forensic analysis of field failures, which are not confirmed by complementary laboratory research. Consequently, this comprehensive review summarizes prior observations that include mechanical and electrochemical attack induced by water chemistry, temperature, velocity, hydrodynamic conditions, presence of particulate matter, and other variables thought to influence/exacerbate erosion corrosion. Distinct phenomena thought to contribute to erosion corrosion or “flow-induced failure”, including concentration cell corrosion, cavitation, particle/bubble impingement, and high velocity impingement, are explored in detail along with conventional erosion corrosion testing methods. Existing recommendations to prevent erosion corrosion in copper pipes are evaluated and inconsistencies in available guidelines are examined.
Mind the overlap: how system problems contribute to cognitive failure and diagnostic errors
Authors: Gupta Ashwin , Harrod Molly , Quinn Martha , Manojlovich Milisa , Fowler Karen E. , Singh Hardeep , Saint Sanjay , Chopra Vineet
Published: July 2018

Background

Traditionally, research has examined systems- and cognitive-based sources of diagnostic error as individual entities. However, half of all errors have origins in both domains.

Methods

We conducted a focused ethnography of inpatient physicians at two academic institutions to understand how systems-based problems contribute to cognitive errors in diagnosis. Medicine teams were observed on rounds and during post-round work after which interviews were conducted. Field notes related to the diagnostic process and the work system were recorded, and findings were organized into themes. Using deductive content analysis, themes were categorized based on a published taxonomy to link systems-based contributions and cognitive errors such as faulty data gathering, information processing, data verification and errors associated with multiple domains.

Results

Observations, focus groups and interviews of 10 teams were conducted between January 2016 and April 2017. The following themes were identified: (1) challenges with interdisciplinary communication and communication within the electronic medical record (EMR) contributed to faulty data gathering; (2) organizational structures such as the operation of consulting services in silos promoted faulty information processing; (3) care handoffs led to faulty data verification and (4) interruptions, time constraints and a cluttered physical environment negatively influenced multiple cognitive domains.

Conclusions

Systems-based factors often facilitate and promote cognitive problems in diagnosis. Linking systems-based contributions to downstream cognitive impacts and intervening on both in tandem may help prevent diagnostic errors.
The Spanish and the European Codification of the Business Judgment Rule
Authors: Hernando Cebriá Luis
Published: July 2018

Different Model Acts and national approaches to the Business Judgment Rule, some by means of its codification, others through the requirements to be considered when delimiting the directors’ responsibilities, have tried to give a better orientation to the positions assumed by directors when they have to deal with business affairs on behalf of the company. Even in cases where there is not a specific section in internal law, the Business Judgment Rule is a common reference in many jurisdictions when the circumstances and elements of directors’ decision-making are considered. In Spain, Law 31/2014, of December 3, to improve corporate governance, has codified the “protección de la discrecionalidad empresarial” in Article 226 of Ley de Sociedades de Capital, assuming the developments of the Business Judgment Rule in other jurisdictions. However, international principles and Model Acts, and other European jurisdictions, such as Germany, do not face codification of the Rule in the same way, and even consider differently requirements for its application. This paper discusses, through the approaches in Comparative law, particularly in other areas where the Business Judgment Rule has a greater tradition, the impact that the codification of the “protección de la discrecionalidad empresarial” may have in Spanish corporate governance. To this end, the paper focuses on the scope of this singular protection on directors’ discretion, as well as on the requirements for its application, which shall serve at last to provide judges with a useful tool to decide on business matters where directors’ responsibility is involved. Comparison with Common Law and more recently with other European approaches is a starting point to critically check whether Spanish systematization avails of the dynamics of the Rule in order to improve and properly coordinate the whole system of corporate governance.
The “unnatural” French novel of today: Éric Chevillard’sL’Auteur et moi
Authors: Wagner Eva S.
Published: July 2018

Chevillard’s novelL’Auteur et moi(2012) touches on a problem which is paradigmatic for contemporary French prose (and perhaps “postmodern” literature in general), namely the problem of literary authenticity. Are the “unnatural” dimensions of this novel – especially its persistent irony, its playful rejection of generic norms and its attacks on the interpretative authority of its readers – playful but futile devices which lack any authentic narrative concern? Or do they represent a topical and authentic answer to the challenges of an “exhausted” genre? The present paper elaborates on this question by analysing, on the one hand, the “unnatural” (and simultaneously highly comical) devices of the novel in detail. This analysis is centred, firstly, on Chevillard’s multifaceted parody on the conventions of both narrative and non-narrative (argumentative, lyrical, scientific) discourse and, secondly, on the ways in which the novel provokes and challenges professional readers – both by the subversive use of literary-theoretical categories (author; narrator; implied author) and by the anticipation and depreciation of its own hermeneutic reception. On the other hand, this paper interprets Chevillard’s novel as the expression of an authentic literary effort which manifests itself not in the narrative contents, but in the novel’s “unnatural” composition, which offers three exits from the generic impasse with which the present-day French novel struggles.
Food addiction: is it a nosological category or a psychopathological dimension? Preliminary results of an Italian study
Authors: Piccinni Armando , Marazziti Donatella , Cargioli Claudio , Mauri Mauro , Stallone Tiziana
Published: July 2018

Background

Food addiction (FA) is a controversial concept, denoting the craving for certain foods. Given the little information available, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationships between FA and full-blown and subthreshold psychopathology or eating behaviors in subjects consulting nutritional biologists.

Materials and methods

Three-hundred and fifty subjects completed the following self-questionnaires: Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), Structured Clinical Interview for Mood Spectrum, Self-Report, Lifetime Version (MOOD-SR-LT), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), Structured Clinical Interview for Anorexic-Bulimic Spectrum, Self-Report, Lifetime Version (ABS-SR-LT).

Results

Most of the subjects were women (n = 278) and the remaining were 72 men. A large proportion of the subjects (77.1%) had a YFAS score <3 and 22.9% ≥3, with no difference between men and women. The YFAS scores ≥3 were significantly and positively related to the all ABS-SR-LT domains, as well as to three dimensions (Depression, Hypomania, Rhythmicity) of the MOOD-SR-LT, and some SCL-90-R domains (Sensitivity, Psychoticism, General Symptom Index and Positive Symptom).

Conclusion

Our data, while indicating that FA is related to different subthreshold psychopathological domains, in particular, with both depressive and manic symptoms, as well as with rhythmicity of mood spectrum, or with eating subthreshold symptoms, would suggest that it might be a dimension underlying different conditions or symptom clusters.
Association between handgrip strength and back strength in adolescent and adult cricket players
Authors: Singla Deepika , Hussain M. Ejaz
Published: July 2018

Background

Although a significant amount of research has been conducted on handgrip strength and its association with anthropometric variables, very few researchers have focused on assessment of back strength and its relationship with anthropometric variables in cricketers.

Objective

To investigate the degree of correlation between handgrip strength and back strength in cricket players of different maturity levels and to find the correlations of handgrip strength and back strength with anthropometric variables of age, height, body weight and body mass index (BMI).

Methods

Twenty-four adolescents; aged 16.6 ± 0.8 years and 32 adult cricketers aged 24 ± 4.6 years were tested for height, body weight, BMI, hand grip strength and back strength. t values, Cohen’s d and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated.

Results

Hand grip strength and back strength were not found to correlate with each other at p ≤ 0.05 in adolescent players while a statistically significant large sized correlation was observed in adult cricketers at p = 0.001. Back strength and body weight were found to have a statistically significant moderate sized correlation with each other (r = 0.453 in the adolescent group and r = 0.355 in the adult group). Significant positive correlations were observed for left hand grip strength with height, body weight and BMI and also between back strength and age in the adult population of cricketers.

Conclusion

A significantly large correlation exists between handgrip strength and back strength in adult cricketers with no such correlation found for adolescent cricketers. Data of the present study justify its utility in the case of selection, assessment and rehabilitation of cricket players.
An examination of eating disorder education and experience in a 1-month adolescent medicine rotation: what is sufficient to foster adequate self-efficacy?
Authors: Pasold Tracie L. , Woods Jennifer L. , Portilla Maria G. , Nesmith James D. , Boateng Beatrice A.
Published: July 2018

Objective

Medical students and professionals report receiving limited education/training related to treating eating disorders. Because medical professionals are the point of initial contact for these patients and are involved necessarily in their treatment, sufficient knowledge on identification and intervention are imperative. This research set out to examine the impact of the eating disorder education and experience offered through a 1-month Adolescent Medicine rotation at a medical university on medical student/resident self-efficacy.

Methods

The 1-month rotation includes a standardized patient (SP) simulation, 1.5 h of didactic education, and 1 day observing the MD, nutritionist and psychologist within the outpatient Multidisciplinary Child/Adolescent Eating Disorders Clinic. All residents’ (n = 132) eating disorder self-efficacy was assessed before (PRE) completing simulation and didactic session and again at the end of the 1-month rotation (END). Self-efficacy was also assessed after simulation and before the didactic session for group 1 (n = 92) and after simulation and didactic session for group 2 (n = 40).

Results

For group 1, self-efficacy was not significantly impacted PRE to POST. For group 2, self-efficacy significantly improved PRE to POST. POST to END changes were significant for both groups; however, group 2 scored significantly better across all self-efficacy areas at END.

Conclusion

Resident training in eating disorders requires more than is offered in many residency programs. SP simulation is strengthened as an effective training tool in assessing and promoting resident self-efficacy if it is followed by didactic education. Clinical observation and extended practice that includes ongoing guidance/feedback on performance is recommended in fostering self-efficacy.
Effect of iconic gestures on second language vocabulary retention in a naturalistic setting
Authors: Lewis Tasha N , Kirkhart Matthew
Published: July 2018

There is a growing body of evidence that suggests that the learning of new vocabulary during second language acquisition is facilitated by associating words with gestures. This study investigates the learning of new vocabulary words when paired with congruent and incongruent iconic gestures using instructional and testing procedures consistent with current second language pedagogical practices. Results indicate that incongruent gestures inhibit learning, while congruent iconic gestures facilitate vocabulary acquisition when participants were encouraged to pay attention to the use of the gesture when studying new words. Further analyses suggest that, as has been found repeatedly, nouns are easier to remember than verbs. However, gestures are most helpful with learning adjectives compared to nouns and verbs.
Business process management for Industry 4.0 – Three application cases in the DFKI-Smart-Lego-Factory
Authors: Rehse Jana-Rebecca , Dadashnia Sharam , Fettke Peter
Published: July 2018

The advent of Industry 4.0 is expected to dramatically change the manufacturing industry as we know it today. Highly standardized, rigid manufacturing processes need to become self-organizing and decentralized. This flexibility leads to new challenges to the management of smart factories in general and production planning and control in particular. In this contribution, we illustrate how established techniques from Business Process Management (BPM) hold great potential to conquer challenges in Industry 4.0. Therefore, we show three application cases based on the DFKI-Smart-Lego-Factory, a fully automated “smart factory” built out of LEGO® bricks, which demonstrates the potentials of BPM methodology for Industry 4.0 in an innovative, yet easily accessible way. For each application case (model-based management, process mining, prediction of manufacturing processes) in a smart factory, we describe the specific challenges of Industry 4.0, how BPM can be used to address these challenges, and, their realization within the DFKI-Smart-Lego-Factory.
Groups with bounded centralizer chains and the Borovik–Khukhro conjecture
Authors: Buturlakin Alexander A. , Revin Danila O. , Vasil’ev Andrey V.
Published: July 2018

Let G be a locally finite group and let

F
⁢

(
G
)

{F(G)}

be the Hirsch–Plotkin radical of G. Let S denote the full inverse image of the generalized Fitting subgroup of

G
/
F

⁢

(
G
)

{G/F(G)}

in G. Assume that there is a number k such that the length of every nested chain of centralizers in G does not exceed k. The Borovik–Khukhro conjecture states, in particular, that under this assumption, the quotient

G
/
S

{G/S}

contains an abelian subgroup of finite index bounded in terms of k. We disprove this statement and prove a weak analogue of it.
Hereditary 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-resistant rickets (HVDRR): clinical heterogeneity and long-term efficacious management of eight patients from four unrelated Arab families with a loss of function VDR mutation
Authors: Faiyaz-Ul-Haque Muhammad , AlDhalaan Waheeb , AlAshwal Abdullah , Bin-Abbas Bassam S. , AlSagheir Afaf , Alotaiby Maram , Rafiq Zulqurnain , Zaidi Syed H.E.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Vitamin D regulates the concentrations of calcium and phosphate in blood and promotes the growth and remodeling of bones. The circulating active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which heterodimerizes with the retinoid X receptor to regulate the expression of target genes. Inactivating mutations in the VDR gene cause hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets (HVDRR), a rare disorder characterized by an early onset of rickets, growth retardation, skeletal deformities, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism, and in some cases alopecia.

Methods:

We describe eight new HVDRR patients from four unrelated consanguineous families. The VDR gene was sequenced to identify mutations. The management of patients over a period of up to 11 years following the initial diagnosis is assessed.

Results:

Although all patients exhibit main features of HVDRR and carry the same c.885C>A (p.Y295*) loss of function mutation in the VDR gene, there was heterogeneity of the manifestations of HVDRR-associated phenotypes and developmental milestones. These eight patients were successfully treated over a period of 11 years. All clinical symptoms were improved except alopecia.

Conclusions:

The study concludes that VDR sequencing and laboratory tests are essential to confirm HVDRR and to assess the effectiveness of the treatment.
Thyroid storm after choking
Authors: Creo Ana L. , Cannon Bryan C. , Pittock Siobhan T.
Published: July 2018

Background:

A thyroid storm (TS) is a rare, but life-threatening condition in hyperthyroid patients. Mortality in adult TS patients may be as high as 10%. Typically, a trigger precipitates the storm in hyperthyroid patients.

Case presentation:

We report the case of an adolescent girl with untreated hyperthyroidism who developed fulminant TS after a significant choking episode. Initially, she was found to have neck swelling and tachycardia leading providers to suspect infection. She deteriorated after a CAT Scan (CT) was performed with iodine contrast, potentially worsening storm symptoms. Here, we describe the case, the treatment strategy and propose a treatment modification for pediatric patients.

Conclusions:

While many children are found to have minor abnormalities in thyroid studies, this case highlights the critical importance of prompt medical attention for any child with significantly elevated free thyroxine (FT4) levels as morbidity can occur when left untreated.
Growth and body composition in preterm newborns with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a cohort study
Authors: da Silva Martins Amanda , Barbosa Baker Méio Maria Dalva , Gomes Saint Clair S. , Lima Paola Azara Tabicas , Milanesi Brunna Grazziotti , Moreira Maria Elisabeth Lopes
Published: July 2018

Objective

To compare growth and body composition of preterm infants (gestational age <32 weeks) with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Methods

A prospective cohort involving three neonatal units in the public health system of the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro. Inclusion: newborns with gestational age <32 weeks. Exposure: BPD. Anthropometric measurements were performed at birth and at 1 month of infant corrected age. Body composition was measured using an air displacement plethysmography (ADP) (PEA POD®) at 1 month of infant corrected age.

Results

Ninety-five newborns were eligible, of which 67 were included, 32.8% of them with BPD. Newborns with BPD presented lower gestational age at birth, greater need for resuscitation in the delivery room, received parenteral nutrition (PN) for a longer period of time, achieved lower weights during hospital stay and required more time to reach a full enteral diet. No statistically significant differences were observed in relation to anthropometric measurements and body composition at 1 month of infant corrected age between the groups with and without BPD.

Conclusion

This study, unlike previous ones, has shown that children who developed BPD were able to regain growth, as measured by anthropometric measures, with no change in body composition at 1 month of infant corrected age.
The rodent fauna from the Neolithic human settlement of Tepecik-Çiftlik (Niğde, Turkey)
Authors: Erdal Ozan , Sen Sevket , Erturaç M. Korhan , Bıçakçı Erhan
Published: July 2018

The primary aim of this study was to establish for the very first time the results on the rodent fauna gathered from the ongoing Neolithic excavations at the Tepecik-Çiftlik site in southern Cappadocia (Niğde, Turkey). So far, the fauna being study is represented by species of arvicolines (Microtuscf.arvalisandArvicolacf.amphibius), murines (Muscf.musculus), sousliks (Spermophilus xanthoprymnus), hamsters (Mesocricetus brandti) and mole-rats (Spalax xanthodon), and their remains are described in detail. Paleoenvironmental assumption based on common preferences of the fauna elements indicates, at first sight, a rather dry steppe environment with sparse plant cover or perennial short grasses. On the other hand, the presence ofArvicolacf.amphibiuspoints out streams and marsh-like vegetation cover with bodies of water . The predation or burn marks observed on some specimens and the presence of subterraneous rodents raise questions concerning their taphonomy.
Facile preparation of a Ni/MgAl2O4 catalyst with high surface area: enhancement in activity and stability for CO methanation
Authors: Wang Shengjia , Tian Zhiwei , Liu Qing , Qiao Yingyun , Tian Yuanyu
Published: July 2018

To enhance the performance of anti-coking and anti-sintering of the Ni-based catalysts during the reaction process of CO methanation, we synthesized a group of catalysts denoted as “Ni-xMgAl2O4” via the modified co-precipitation method utilizing carbon black as hard template. The addition of carbon black could significantly improve the specific surface area of MgAl2O4 to 235.8 m2 g−1. The Ni catalysts supported on high-surface-area MgAl2O4 (Ni-0.25MA) exhibited enhanced catalytic performance and hydrothermal stability in comparison with the conventional Ni-based magnesia alumina spinel catalysts with the same NiO content. In the process of 120-h stability test, the Ni-0.25MA catalyst exhibited remarkable improvement in both anti-sintering and anti-coking. After a series of characterizations, we found that the addition of carbon black could make more pores over MgAl2O4, resulting in the supported Ni particles being anchored in the pore rather than on the outside surface of support. This structure enhanced the dispersion of nickel nanoparticles, thus strengthening the interaction between nickel species and the MgAl2O4 support, which led to the promotion in catalytic activity and stability of high-surface-area Ni/MgAl2O4.
Crystal structure of ethyl 2-amino-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxo-4H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-3-carboxylate, C22H19NO7
Authors: Wang Ning , Liu Yu-Hang , Liu Da-Wei , Zhao Ye , Wen Ping
Published: July 2018

C22H19NO7, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.292(5) Å, b = 13.230(3) Å, c = 17.115(4) Å, β = 106.04(5)°, V = 2022.1(14) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0441, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1156, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of ethyl 2-amino-4-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-oxo-4H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c] chromene-3-carboxylate, C23H21NO5
Authors: Liu Xue-Kun , Geng Xiao-Yu , Zhang Meng , Ye Bai-Jun , Shi Zhan , Wang Yan-Qiu
Published: July 2018

C23H21NO5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 15.829(11) Å, b = 8.294(6) Å, c = 14.718(10) Å, β = 93.339(12)°, V = 1929(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.073, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.206, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 3,6-diphenyl-7H-[1,2,4]-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine, C16H12N4S
Authors: Ding Qichun , Dai Shudong , Zhang Li-Xue
Published: July 2018

C16H12N4S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 22.151(4) Å, b = 12.484(2) Å, c = 10.2018(19) Å, β = 101.073(6)°, Z = 8, V = 2768.7(8) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0522, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1428, T = 296(2) K.
Face(t)s of self and identity in interaction
Authors: Bousfield Derek
Published: July 2018

Combining (meta-)theoretical extension and practical application of models of politeness, the collected works of this special edition promise to make a significant and lasting contribution to the field as well as signalling an important milestone in interactional and pragmatics research more generally. Focussed to a greater or lesser extent on the ‘impact’ of the research on the social, occupational, or legal world around us, the collected papers here are all in effect ‘interventionist’ (cf. Antaki 2011: 8). That is, the collected works of this special edition, whether dealing with remote interactions via a call centre (Jagodzinski and Archer, [this volume]; Harrington, [this volume]), or face-to-face interaction via an appraisal or a business meeting (Archer and Willcox, [this volume]; Chan et al., [this volume]), and quite irrespective of the varying approaches to (im)politeness they take, all contribute precisely to the need for further refinement, development and empirical study which Haugh (2018) wisely advocates in his recent appeal for metatheorization in politeness work. To this end, this paper argues for the evident directions and potential applicability of future metatheorizing for (im)politeness research exploring and suggesting collocated consideration of notions of face, identity and politeness in a wider notion - in interactional studies - of ‘self’.
Charge Carrier Mobility Behavior in the SubPc/C60 Planar Heterojunction
Authors: Mendil Nesrine , Daoudi Mebarka , Berkai Zakarya , Belghachi Abderrahmane
Published: July 2018

Structural arrangement and construction are the keys to electron/hole motion through organic semiconductor lattices. In this work, we focused on the disorder energy, temperature, and electric field effects on charge carrier mobilities using a Poole–Frenkel mobility model for SubPc/C60 devices. The results agree with those found in the literature. We observed important temperature, applied voltage, and disorder energy dependencies of the current-voltage characteristics and charge carrier mobilities; these characteristics have the Gunn curve form called negative conductivity, which has been reported in amorphous semiconductors.
Individual Differences in Motor Noise and Adaptation Rate Are Optimally Related
Authors: van der Vliet Rick , Frens Maarten A. , de Vreede Linda , Jonker Zeb D. , Ribbers Gerard M. , Selles Ruud W. , van der Geest Jos N. , Donchin Opher
Published: July 2018

Individual variations in motor adaptation rate were recently shown to correlate with movement variability or “motor noise” in a forcefield adaptation task. However, this finding could not be replicated in a meta-analysis of adaptation experiments. Possibly, this inconsistency stems from noise being composed of distinct components that relate to adaptation rate in different ways. Indeed, previous modeling and electrophysiological studies have suggested that motor noise can be factored into planning noise, originating from the brain, and execution noise, stemming from the periphery. Were the motor system optimally tuned to these noise sources, planning noise would correlate positively with adaptation rate, and execution noise would correlate negatively with adaptation rate, a phenomenon familiar in Kalman filters. To test this prediction, we performed a visuomotor adaptation experiment in 69 subjects. Using a novel Bayesian fitting procedure, we succeeded in applying the well-established state-space model of adaptation to individual data. We found that adaptation rate correlates positively with planning noise (β= 0.44; 95% HDI = [0.27 0.59]) and negatively with execution noise (β= –0.39; 95% HDI = [–0.50 –0.30]). In addition, the steady-state Kalman gain calculated from planning and execution noise correlated positively with adaptation rate (r= 0.54; 95% HDI = [0.38 0.66]). These results suggest that motor adaptation is tuned to approximate optimal learning, consistent with the “optimal control” framework that has been used to explain motor control. Since motor adaptation is thought to be a largely cerebellar process, the results further suggest the sensitivity of the cerebellum to both planning noise and execution noise.
Improving Human Interaction Research through Ecological Grounding
Authors: Albert Saul , de Ruiter J. P.
Published: July 2018

In psychology, we tend to follow the general logic of falsificationism: we separate the ‘context of discovery’ (how we come up with theories) from the ‘context of justification’ (how we test them). However, when studying human interaction, separating these contexts can lead to theories with low ecological validity that do not generalize well to life outside the lab. We propose borrowing research procedures from well-established inductive methodologies in interaction research during the process of discovering new regularities and analyzing natural data without being led by theory. We introduce research procedures including the use of naturalistic study settings, analytic transcription, collections of cases, and data analysis sessions, and illustrate these with examples from a successful cross-disciplinary study. We argue that if these procedures are used systematically and transparently throughout a research cycle, they will lead to more robust and ecologically valid theories about interaction within psychology and, with some adaptation, can enhance the reproducibility of research across many other areas of psychological science.
Ocean acidification stress index for shellfish (OASIS): Linking Pacific oyster larval survival and exposure to variable carbonate chemistry regimes
Authors: Gimenez Iria , Waldbusser George G. , Hales Burke
Published: July 2018

Understanding larval bivalve responses to variable regimes of seawater carbonate chemistry requires realistic quantification of physiological stress. Based on a degree-day modeling approach, we developed a new metric, the ocean acidification stress index for shellfish (OASIS), for this purpose. OASIS integrates over the entire larval period the instantaneous stress associated with deviations from published sensitivity thresholds to aragonite saturation state (ΩAr) while experiencing variable carbonate chemistry. We measured survival to D-hinge and pre-settlement stage of four Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) cohorts with different histories of carbonate chemistry exposure at the Whiskey Creek Hatchery, Netarts Bay, OR, to test the utility of OASIS as a stress metric and document the effects of buffering seawater in mitigating acute and chronic exposure to ocean acidification. Each cohort was divided into four groups and reared under the following conditions: 1) stable, buffered seawater for the entire larval period; 2) stable, buffered seawater for the first 48 hours, then naturally variable, unbuffered seawater; 3) stable, unbuffered seawater for the first 48 hours, then buffered seawater; and 4) stable, unbuffered seawater for the first 48 hours, then naturally variable, unbuffered seawater. Patterns in Netarts Bay carbonate chemistry were dominated by seasonal upwelling at the time of the experimental work, resulting in naturally highly variable ΩAr for the larvae raised in the unbuffered treatments. Two of the four cohorts showed strongly positive responses to buffering in survival to 48 hours; three of the four, in survival to pre-settlement. OASIS accurately predicted survival for two of the three cohorts tested (the fourth excluded due to other environmental factors), suggesting that this new metric could be used to better understand larval bivalve survival in naturally variable environments. OASIS may also be useful to an array of diverse stakeholders with increasing access to highly resolved temporal measurements of carbonate chemistry.
Fourth Amendment Constraints on the Technological Monitoring of Convicted Sex Offenders
Authors: McJunkin Ben A. , Prescott J.J.
Published: July 2018

More than forty U.S. states currently track at least some of their convicted sex offenders using GPS devices. Many offenders will be monitored for life. The burdens and expense of living indefinitely under constant technological monitoring have been well documented, but most commentators have assumed that these burdens were of no constitutional moment because states have characterized such surveillance as “civil” in character—and courts have seemed to agree. In 2015, however, the Supreme Court decided in Grady v. North Carolina that attaching a GPS monitoring device to a person was a Fourth Amendment search, notwithstanding the ostensibly civil character of the surveillance. Grady left open the question whether the search—and the state’s technological monitoring program more generally—was constitutionally reasonable. This Essay considers the doctrine and theory of Fourth Amendment reasonableness as it applies to both current and envisioned sex offender monitoring technologies to evaluate whether the Fourth Amendment may serve as an effective check on post-release monitoring regimes.
Post-chemotherapy serum anti-Müllerian hormone level predicts ovarian function recovery
Authors: Kim Hyun-Ah , Choi Jihye , Park Chan Sub , Seong Min-Ki , Hong Sung-Eun , Kim Jae-Sung , Park In-Chul , Lee Jin Kyung , Noh Woo Chul , _ _
Published: July 2018

In the era of precision medicine, the prediction of ovarian function recovery from chemotherapy-induced amenorrhoea using feasible biological markers may be helpful to optimise the treatment strategy for young patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of post-chemotherapy biological markers for predicting the recovery of ovarian function in breast cancer patients of the ASTRRA trial, with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhoea. Using data of 82 participants from a single institution in the ASTRRA trial, the post-chemotherapy serum levels of the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), oestradiol, inhibin B and other clinical factors associated with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhoea were evaluated. Recovery of ovarian function was defined by the resumption of menstruation manifested by vaginal bleeding. Fifty-two patients regained menstruation within 55 months after enrolment. In univariate analysis, <40 years of age (P = 0.009), oestradiol ≥37 pg/mL (P = 0.003) or AMH ≥800 pg/mL (P = 0.026) were associated with recovery of menstruation. On multivariate analysis, oestradiol (hazard ratio: 3.171, 95% CI: 1.306–7.699,P = 0.011) and AMH (hazard ratio: 2.853, 95% CI: 1.011–8.046,P = 0.048) remained as significant independent predictors for resumption of menstruation. The diagnostic accuracy of age, oestradiol and AMH in predicting the resumption of menstruation was 38.3, 23.3 and 86.7%, respectively. In conclusion, post-chemotherapy AMH level might be a relatively accurate predictor of the recovery of ovarian function, presented by resumption of menstruation in breast cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhoea.
EDUCATIONAL SERIES IN CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease
Authors: Hunter Lindsey E. , Seale Anna N.
Published: July 2018

This review article will guide the reader through the background of prenatal screening for congenital heart disease. The reader will be given insight into the normal screening views, common abnormalities, risk stratification of lesions and also recent advances in prenatal cardiology.
Estilos de vida y justicia
Authors: Pereira Gustavo
Published: July 2018

Una vez que el foco de la reflexión pasa de las teorías ideales a la aplicación de la justicia social, centrada en las instituciones de las sociedades democráticas, se requiere prestar especial atención a los estilos de vida. Estos tienen una alta incidencia en cómo la justicia es realizada y afectan tanto a la desigualdad económica como a la disponibilidad de los recursos naturales. En nuestras sociedades es posible establecer restricciones a los estilos de vida, especialmente en aquellos casos en que, por el efecto de algunas dinámicas sociales, aquellos se desacoplan de las concepciones del bien. Se defiende que, en tales casos, la base normativa que permite exigir el respeto a los estilos de vida se disuelve y por ello es posible justificar su restricción.
Innovación Responsable: Nueva estrategia para el emprendimiento de MIPYMES
Authors: Vargas Martínez Elva Esther , Bahena Álvarez Irene Liliana , Cordón Pozo Eulogio
Published: July 2018

La investigación relacionada con la innovación responsable se ha enfocado principalmente en grandes empresas. Sin embargo, existe evidencia de conocimiento de la innovación responsable en el contexto de las mipymes disperso entre diferentes disciplinas y comunidades de investigación. A través del análisis de 75 artículos y documentos publicados entre el periodo 2010-2015, obtenidos de las bases de datos EBSCO, Emerald y Scopus, este artículo contribuye a la identificación teórica de constructos conceptuales y metodológicos, y resultados empíricos que permiten recuperar los factores que inciden en el emprendimiento de innovaciones responsables en mipymes, proporcionando una visión integral del fenómeno. Las mipymes con orientación emprendedora, al desarrollar innovaciones radicales como parte de la búsqueda de innovadoras soluciones a los múltiples problemas medioambientales y sociales, jugarán un papel decisivo y protagónico en los ciclos de innovación responsable venideros.
La responsabilidad social empresarial en la imagen de marca afectiva y reputación
Authors: Echeverría-Ríos Osiris María , Abrego-Almazán Demian , Melchor Medina José
Published: July 2018

La responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) se ha convertido en uno de los aspectos relevantes para los consumidores, ya que se preocupan por el tipo de empresa que está detrás del producto o servicio que adquieren. El propósito de esta investigación es determinar la influencia de la RSE en la imagen de marca afectiva y la reputación en el sector de autoservicios. Por esta razón, se desarrolló un estudio empírico en la zona centro del estado de Tamaulipas (México) a 316 consumidores. El análisis de los datos recabados fue a través de la técnica estadística de Mínimos Cuadrados Parciales. Finalmente, los resultados indican que la rse afecta directa y significativamente a la imagen de marca y la reputación en la dimensión legal; no obstante, se pudo observar que la dimensión económica no muestra inferencia significativa.
ACONDICIONAMIENTO DEL CAMPO MAGNÉTICO ULTRA BAJO EN UN EQUIPO DE IRM PARA USO HÍBRIDO EN MEDICINA NUCLEAR
Authors: Posada Díaz Esteban D. , Abril Andrea , Mójica Nava Eduardo , Agulles Pedrós Luis
Published: July 2018

Los equipos de IRM en campo magnético ultra bajo (cercano al terrestre) pueden ser un complemento para formar equipos híbridos con los de Medicina Nuclear. Este trabajo presenta el diseño y la construcción de un campo magnético homogéneo, con el fin de mantener las condiciones requeridas para el funcionamiento de un equipo de IRM de campo ultra bajo en ambientes con campos nominales débiles o heterogéneos. Esto facilita su implementación como complemento a un equipo de Medicina Nuclear y así tener un equipo híbrido. La homogenización del campo se logra con un arreglo de bobinas de Maxwell, minimizando el ruido externo en el equipo de resonancia. Por medio de simulaciones en GEANT4 se analiza el efecto del arreglo de bobinas sobre la detección del material radiactivo. Se muestra que la atenuación del sistema homogeneizador de campo magnético tiene una atenuación del orden del 0.5 %, lo que apenas afecta la calidad de la imagen de la PET ya que es del orden del error en estos sistemas de detección.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DE PELÍCULAS DELGADAS DE AlGaAs OBTENIDAS POR MAGNETRON SPUTTERING RF
Authors: Losada Losada Juan D. , Pulzara Mora Álvaro
Published: July 2018

Las películas de AlGaAs fueron depositadas por pulverización catódica asistida por campo magnético sobre sustratos de vidrio y Si (100). Se mantuvo constante la temperatura del substrato y se varió la relación de la potencia de los blancos de Al y GaAs. Para disminuir los efectos del desacople del parámetro de red entre la capa de AlGaAs y los substratos, se depositó una capa buffer de GaAs. Los espectros de difracción de rayos X muestran que las películas son policristalinas con orientación preferencial (111). Los espectros Raman evidencian un comportamiento de dos modos, correspondiente a modos vibracionales TO y LO de GaAs y de AlAs, respectivamente.
IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ALGORITHM FOR SQUARE ROOT COMPUTATION IN AN FPGA ARRAY BY USING FIXED POINT REPRESENTATION
Authors: López Jorge H. , Restrepo Johans , Tobón Jorge E.
Published: July 2018

En este trabajo se presenta la implementación de la raíz cuadrada de un número en un dispositivo FPGA. El algoritmo usado no es un algoritmo de convergencia, por tanto, la exactitud del cálculo es muy alta, además no existen restricciones de ningún tipo para que la operación sea llevada a cabo.  El uso de hardware en la FPGA es mucho menor que el usado por otros algoritmos que también calculan la raíz cuadrada de un número. Para representar el número se usa la representación de punto fijo, para ello se usan dos parámetros, N y M, donde N define el número de bits que representan la parte entera y M define el número de bits de la parte fraccional. M y N son definidos en la síntesis del módulo.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and addictions (substance and behavioral): Prevalence and characteristics in a multicenter study in France
Authors: Romo Lucia , Ladner Joel , Kotbagi Gayatri , Morvan Yannick , Saleh Dalia , Tavolacci Marie Pierre , Kern Laurence
Published: July 2018

Aim

The aim of this study is to determine the possible links between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the presence of concomitant addictions with or without substance use in a French student population.

Measures

A battery of questionnaire measuring socioeconomic characteristics, university curriculum, ADHD (Wender Utah Rating Scale and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale), substance consumptions (alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis), and behavioral addictions [(eating disorders (SCOFF)], Internet addiction (Internet Addiction Test), food addiction (Yale Food Addiction Scale), compulsive buying (Echeburua’s), and problem gambling (The Canadian Problem Gambling Index)] and measures of physical activity (Godin’s Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire) was filled up by university students in Rouen and Nanterre in France.

Results

A total of 1,517 students were included (472 from Paris Nanterre and 1,042 from Rouen). The mean age was 20.6 years (SD = 3.6) and the sex ratio male to female was 0.46. The prevalence of ADHD among the students (current ADHD with a history of ADHD in childhood) was 5.6%. A quarter (25.7%) of students had already repeated their university curriculum, compared to 42.2% among the students with ADHD. Students with possible ADHD had repeated classes more often and believed to have a lower academic level than the students without ADHD. Significant differences were found as students with ADHD were less likely to succeed in their studies (repeated classes more often) than non-ADHD students, and considered their academic level to be lower. They also had significantly higher scores on substance (alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco) as well as behavioral addictions (gambling, compulsive buying disorder, eating disorders, and Internet addiction).

Conclusion

It seems essential to determine students’ problems and propose interventions adapted to students’ needs, in order to reduce the negative impact on their future academic and global successes.
Thinking more broadly about policy responses to problematic video game use: A response to Király et al. (2018)
Authors: Gentile Douglas A.
Published: July 2018

Király et al. (2018) did an excellent job of reviewing policies that are undertaken to prevent and respond to problematic video game use. I argue that there has been a failure of imagination when considering public policy – generally, we only think of governmental or legislative policies. This paper identifies several other ways we could consider public policy, providing examples of some that have already been enacted and suggesting others that could be, all without governmental intervention. These types of policies may not only be more practical, but also be more effective.
Addressing problematic video game use: A multimethod, dual-context perspective on leisure-time use
Authors: Van Rooij Antonius J. , Nijkamp Laura M.
Published: July 2018

A more integrative approach to the prevention of problematic gaming behavior is recommended in Király et al.’s review. We discuss the Dutch policy responses to problematic gaming behavior and suggest two alternatives to the dominant survey research approach to achieve this. Employing time-use/diary studies allows us to map out the full scope of leisure-time use and employing log-data analysis improves our understanding of gamer behavior within the virtual context. All of these approaches would benefit from accounting for the diversity of within-virtual context behavior. The approach is summarized as a multimethod, dual-context approach to understanding leisure-time behavior.
GT História da Educação da ANPED – panorama teórico-metodológico nos encontros nacionais de 2015 e 2017
Authors: Martin Carolina , Pfister Milena , Bollis Renata Ré
Published: July 2018

O GT 02 - História da Educação, da ANPED - Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação é o objeto de estudo dessa pesquisa, que visa identificar os principais temas, correntes historiográficas e teóricos nesse grupo de trabalho, nos encontros nacionais de 2015 e 2017. Parte-se do panorama do desenvolvimento do GT 02, seguido da análise de todos os trabalhos apresentados nos anos indicados, principalmente a partir dos títulos, temáticas, tipos de pesquisa, campos temáticos investigativos e referenciais teóricos. A principal fonte de pesquisa foi o site da ANPED e as análises contam com embasamento de pesquisa bibliográfica e referencial teórico específico dos principais aspectos levantados no estudo dos referidos trabalhos. A pertinência está em obter um conjunto de dados que permitam desvelar como esses pesquisadores em específico, como um grupo, estão lidando com as complexidades que envolvem a pesquisa em História da Educação, nos meandros de uma proposta de pesquisa que permeia tanto o campo da História, quanto da Educação, e por isso abarca uma miríade de questões e temas.