bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy reveals differential SUN protein oligomerization in living cells
Authors: Hennen Jared , Saunders Cosmo A. , Mueller Joachim D. , Luxton G. W. Gant
Published: March 2018

Linker-of-nucleoskeleton-and-cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes are conserved molecular bridges within the nuclear envelope that mediate mechanical force transmission into the nucleoplasm. The core of a LINC complex is formed by a transluminal interaction between the outer and inner nuclear membrane KASH and SUN proteins, respectively. Mammals encode six KASH proteins and five SUN proteins. Recently, KASH proteins were shown to bind to the domain interfaces of trimeric SUN2 proteins in vitro. However, neither the existence of SUN2 trimers in living cells nor the extent to which other SUN proteins conform to this assembly state have been tested experimentally. Here we extend the application of fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy to quantify SUN protein oligomerization in the nuclear envelopes of living cells. Using this approach, we demonstrate for the first time that SUN2 trimerizes in vivo and we demonstrate that the in vivo oligomerization of SUN1 is not limited to a trimer. In addition, we provide evidence to support the existence of potential regulators of SUN protein oligomerization in the nuclear envelope. The differential SUN protein oligomerization illustrated here suggests that SUN proteins may have evolved to form different assembly states in order to participate in diverse mechanotransduction events.
Inositol polyphosphate multikinase regulation ofTrypanosoma bruceilife stage development
Authors: Cestari Igor , Anupama Atashi , Stuart Kenneth
Published: March 2018

Many cellular processes change during the Trypanosoma brucei life cycle as this parasite alternates between the mammalian host and tsetse fly vector. We show that the inositol phosphate pathway helps regulate these developmental changes. Knockdown of inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK), which phosphorylates Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, resulted in changes in bloodstream forms that are characteristic of insect stage procyclic forms. These changes include expression of the procyclic surface coat, up-regulation of RNA-binding proteins that we show to regulate stage-specific transcripts, and activation of oxidative phosphorylation with increased ATP production in bloodstream forms. These changes were accompanied by development of procyclic morphology, which also occurred by the expression of a catalytically inactive IPMK, implying that regulation of these processes entails IPMK activity. Proteins involved in signaling, protein synthesis and turnover, and metabolism were affinity-enriched with the IPMK substrate or product. Developmental changes associated with IPMK knockdown or catalytic inactivation reflected processes that are enriched with inositol phosphates, and chemical and genetic perturbation of these processes affected T. brucei development. Hence, IPMK helps regulate T. brucei development, perhaps by affecting inositol phosphate interactions with proteins of the regulatory network that controls energy metabolism and development.
Cure With Cryoablation of Arterial Hypertension Due to a Renin-Producing Tumor
Authors: Maiolino Giuseppe , Battistel Michele , Barbiero Giulio , Bisogni Valeria , Rossi Gian Paolo
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

We herein report on a 20 years old woman with stage I hypertension, who was found to carry a renin-producing tumor (RPT).

METHODS

Due to her young age, the patient underwent screening measurement of plasma renin and aldosterone, abdominal computed tomography (CT) angiography, and selective renal vein renin assessment to identify secondary hypertension.

RESULTS

The patient was screened for secondary causes of hypertension and was diagnosed with secondary aldosteronism. Therefore, she underwent an abdominal computed tomography (CT) angiography that was reported as unremarkable. Selective renal vein renin studies showed overproduction of renin in the right kidney and a re-evaluation of her CT allowed detection of an 8-mm mass in her right kidney, suggesting the presence of a RPT.

Considering the technical difficulty of renal sparing surgery a CT-guided cryoablation was undertaken, which provided long-term cure of arterial hypertension and normalization of plasma active renin concentration.

CONCLUSIONS

RPTs usually present with a clinical phenotype featuring stage III and/or malignant hypertension and are held to be exceptionally rare. This case is unique in that it presented with stage I hypertension and a mild clinical phenotype. Moreover, to our knowledge this is the first case of RPTs shown to be safely treated with CT-guided cryoablation and found to be cured at long-term.
Diabetes and Hypertension: Clinical Update
Authors: Khangura Darshan , Kurukulasuriya L Romayne , Whaley-Connell Adam , Sowers James R
Published: March 2018

The presence of hypertension in individuals with type 2 diabetes augments the risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this regard, data support that management of hypertension in this high-risk population is a critical risk reduction strategy. In recent years, a number of work groups have redefined hypertension, management strategies, and targets. In this context, there is still considerable discussion on an appropriate target for blood pressure in the diabetic population. However, despite this discussion on target blood pressure, it is widely recognized that there is considerable residual risk for heightened cardiovascular events in the hypertensive, diabetic population despite widespread awareness and treatment. There has been increasing interest in management strategies for blood pressure reduction in this high-risk population that complement traditional antihypertensive agents. Large-scale clinical trials have shown that hypoglycemic agents can complement blood pressure reduction and have a favorable effect on cardiovascular outcomes such as the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. In the diabetic population, consideration should be given to the blood pressure lowering effects of the newer hypoglycemic agents when working toward additional glycemic control in patients with hypertension.
Polypill Variants (Quarter Pill Trials)
Authors: Teo Koon , Yusuf Salim
Published: March 2018

The cardiovascular polypill or fixed-dose combination pill, consisting of 3, 4, or more drugs in a single tablet (or capsule), has been proposed as an effective and convenient therapy in both secondary and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Each of the drugs in the combination has a documented ability to prevent CVD events. The combined effect has been estimated to reduce risk by 75% to 80%. Since the concept was introduced 15 years ago, several polypills are available and their effects on risk factors evaluated. Their effects on individual risk factors, such as hypertension and elevated low-density lipoprotein levels, are similar to the individual drugs separately. Enhancement of adherence of the polypill has also been shown compared to individual drugs given separately. Based on the reductions on the individual risk factors, the reductions in risk are estimated to be substantial. A few large long-term randomized controlled trials are ongoing and will be completed in the next 2 years. If the effects on CVD outcomes are as predicted, this would help the many millions of individuals who are currently not adequately treated or not treated at all. There are however considerable challenges in development and acceptance of the polypill. These include regulatory issues; intellectual property; perception by the public, patients, and physicians; and the role of health systems and societal approach to disease prevention. For the polypill to be accepted and achieve even a part of its potential, multiple barriers outlined in this review have to be overcome.
Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Late-Adulthood Mental Health: Results From the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe
Authors: Angelini Viola , Howdon Daniel D H , Mierau Jochen O
Published: March 2018

Objectives

A growing literature acknowledges the association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and health in late adulthood (i.e., 50+). Less, however, is known about the association with mental health outcomes, such as depression. We use the Survey on Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to analyze overall and gender-specific associations between childhood SES and late-adulthood depression.

Methods

Using life history and contemporaneous data from 21,989 SHARE respondents in combination with principal component analysis we construct indices of childhood SES. We measure late-adulthood depression using the EURO-D scale. Contemporaneous SES is operationalized as the logarithm of household equivalized income. We estimate associations using linear regression models.

Results

We document a positive association between childhood SES and the late-adulthood EURO-D score. The association persists even when allowing for contemporaneous SES. Zooming in on gender-specific associations reveals that the association for mental health is particularly pronounced for women.

Discussion

Our findings reveal the long-term association between childhood socioeconomic conditions and depression later in life, which persists even after taking into account current socioeconomic conditions and are stronger for women than for men. These results imply that boosting childhood socioeconomic conditions can potentially have effects lasting well beyond the childhood phase.
Thiol-stabilized atomically precise, superatomic silver nanoparticles for catalysing cycloisomerization of alkynyl amines
Authors: Yan Juanzhu , Zhang Jun , Chen Xumao , Malola Sami , Zhou Bo , Selenius Elli , Zhang Xiaomin , Yuan Peng , Deng Guocheng , Liu Kunlong , Su Haifeng , Teo Boon K , Häkkinen Hannu , Zheng Lansun , Zheng Nanfeng
Published: March 2018

Both the electronic and surface structures of metal nanomaterials play critical roles in determining their chemical properties. However, the non-molecular nature of conventional nanoparticles makes it extremely challenging to understand the molecular mechanism behind many of their unique electronic and surface properties. In this work, we report the synthesis, molecular and electronic structures of an atomically precise nanoparticle, [Ag206L72]q (L = thiolate, halide; q = charge). With a four-shell Ag7@Ag32@Ag77@Ag90 Ino-decahedral structure having a nearly perfect D5h symmetry, the metal core of the nanoparticle is co-stabilized by 68 thiolate and 4 halide ligands. Both electrochemistry and plasmonic absorption reveal the metallic nature of the nanoparticles, which is explained by density functional theory calculations. Electronically, the nanoparticle can be considered as a superatom, just short of a major electron shell closing of 138 electrons (q = –4). More importantly, many of ligands capping on the nanoparticle are labile due to their low-coordination modes, leading to high surface reactivity for catalysing the synthesis of indoles from 2-ethynylaniline derivatives. The results exemplify the power of the atomic-precision nanocluster approach to catalysis in probing reaction mechanisms and in revealing the interplay of heterogeneous reactivities, electronic and surface structural dynamics, thereby providing ways for optimization.
Catholicism and Race
Authors: Pasquier Mike
Published: March 2018

Historical accounts of American Catholicism are not complete without some recognition of the racial contours of life in the United States. As a people both racist and racialized, American Catholics have lived along a spectrum of racial identification, both reinforcing and confounding the black-and-white boundaries that so dominate American racial ideology. European Catholic colonizers introduced race-based notions of slavery to North America as early as the fifteenth century. Some Catholics of African descent challenged the institutionalization of white supremacy in the American Catholic Church during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, at the same time that many white Protestant Americans categorized Catholic immigrants of Europe as dark-skinned outsiders. The immigration of people from Latin America and Asia has only added to the racial diversification of American Catholicism in the twenty-first century, further reinforcing the importance of race to the study of Catholicism in American history.
Religion and Racial Violence in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Graber Jennifer
Published: March 2018

This chapter considers the ways in which racial violence in the nineteenth century proved formative to developments in the religious lives of people raced outside of whiteness. It draws on borderlands scholar Luís León’s description of marginalized communities transforming existing religious concepts and practices, as well as creating new religious options, a process he calls religious poetics. It also suggests the critical importance of debating and enacting racial violence for members of communities raced white. These actors engaged in a poetics of racial violence, in which they sought to interpret and reconfigure their worlds in relation to the violence that perpetuated America’s racial order. The chapter surveys justifications for and condemnations of racial violence, as well as responses to racial violence, in an effort to explore how religion and violence intersected in the ongoing development of racial classifications and the circulation of social power in nineteenth-century America.
From Paganism to World Transcendence
Authors: Sanderson Stephen K.
Published: March 2018

This chapter draws on one of the new cognitive and evolutionary psychological theories of religion, religious attachment theory, to explain the emergence of the Axial Age religions of the late first millennium bce. These religions—Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism—introduced new kinds of gods into world history—gods that were transcendent and capable of providing release from suffering. Religious attachment theory views religion as providing “substitute attachment figures” under circumstances in which people’s social attachments have been severely disrupted. The basic argument of the chapter is that the new Axial Age gods were responses to heightened levels of anxiety and ontological insecurity that accompanied massive increases in warfare and urbanization in the period between approximately 600 bce and 1 ce. The anthropomorphic pagan gods of the ancient empires had become inadequate in the face of the new religious needs that people began to experience, and thus they came to be replaced.
Edward Westermarck
Authors: Sanderson Stephen K.
Published: March 2018

The first sociobiologist was not Edward O. Wilson but, rather, the Finnish sociologist Edward Westermarck. Far ahead of his time, at the turn of the 20th century, Westermarck presented Darwinian natural selectionist theories of numerous social phenomena, especially marriage and family practices across a wide range of societies and the evolution of moral emotions. Westermarck was revered in his time, and yet despite his brilliance and extraordinary erudition, by the 1930s he was almost completely forgotten outside of Finnish sociology due to the rising tide of social environmentalism and determinism that was inhospitable to biological explanations of human behavior. However, with the revival of Darwinian thinking in the social sciences in the past four decades, Westermarck deserves to be rehabilitated. In sociology, he needs to be considered one of the great founding fathers of that discipline even by those who may not be receptive to Darwinism.
Evolutionary Family Sociology
Authors: Rotkirch Anna
Published: March 2018

Evolutionary family sociology studies how genetic relatedness and psychological predispositions shape intimate relations. It approaches human families in comparison to other species and the history of hominid evolution. This chapter outlines the main assumptions and recent advances in evolutionary family sociology. The study of parenting and mating is of interest to both sociologists and evolutionists. Our understanding of couple relations, gender equality, and involved fatherhood, deepens as sexual selection theory is combined with family system theories. Grandparenting is another research field for which an integration between Darwinian theory and mainstream family sociology is underway. Questions of helping, conflicts, and kin lineages are central for such studies on cross-generational relations. The Darwinian perspective has focused attention on the effects of genetic relatedness on familial sentiment and behavior and also on the universal patterns characterizing family dynamics. Sociological insights have helped specify cases in which evolutionary predictions need elaboration in order to better capture the variety and complexity of human families.
Genetics and Politics
Authors: Lockyer Adam , Hatemi Peter K.
Published: March 2018

Social scientists most often seek to empirically validate something already observed. Genetics identifies the unobserved. It provides a starting point to identify developmental pathways to preferences and behaviors. Understanding differences in the genome can help identify why people who experience the same social environment physically perceive it differently and react to it differently. The introduction of evolutionary theory, combined with methods and approaches from genetics, genomics, epigenetics, and molecular biology, has substantially changed the way in which social scientists explore and understand the development and maintenance of political values and behaviors. This chapter reviews findings from recent empirical and theoretical studies that have explored how genetic factors account for some part of why people differ politically.
Discovering Human Nature Through Cross-Species Analysis
Authors: Turner Jonathan H.
Published: March 2018

Cladistic analysis is employed on behavioral and organizational patterns among present-day great apes that, because of their genetic closeness to humans, can be used as a surrogate for making inferences about the behavior and organizational propensities of the last common ancestor to great apes, hominins, and humans. A series of preadaptations among great apes for language, emotionality, mother–infant bonding, life history characteristics, propensities for play, and nonharem/promiscuous mating represents one source of information on the nature of the last common ancestor. Moreover, a set of behavioral propensities among all great apes adds to the body of information that can be used to make inferences about the nature of the last common ancestors, hominins, and humans. Thus, it is now possible to make inferences about the biological nature of human behavior and organizational tendencies that are less speculative than earlier analyses of human nature.
Levinas’s Philosophy of Transcendence
Authors: Giannopoulos Peter J.
Published: March 2018

Commentators neglect the transcendence of fecundity in Totality and Infinity in focusing on that of the face. They thereby overlook, first, how substitution in Otherwise Than Being fulfills transcendence as an excendence and, second, how fecundity responds to Hitlerian racism’s reduction of the I to the biological body. Substitution corrects a shortcoming in the face-to-face: how can the face dispossess me if egoism defines my identity? In Levinas’s description of fecundity, the identity of ipseity, where the I is an other on the very basis of a simple identity with itself, is an essential resource for substitution in order to respond to this shortcoming. A worry arises that fecundity revives the tribalism it was meant to combat. A dialectical reading that negotiates the transcendence of fecundity with that of the face shows how the I breaks with biological ties because it cannot slip away from responsibility for others.
Theological Terms in the Philosophy of Levinas
Authors: Bloechl Jeffrey
Published: March 2018

This essay examines Levinas’s use of theological terms in his philosophical texts. References to theology and to theological claims appear throughout his itinerary, yet in his later works terms such as “inspiration”, “witness”, “glory”, and “prophecy” become central. Moreover, their meaning is organized around conceptions of infinity and God that play an important role in his argument for the primacy of the ethical relation with the other person. The latter claim proves to be framed in a philosophy of religion that is irreducible to theology. The status of these matters with Levinas’s major philosophical texts is clarified by recourse to some elements of his unpublished philosophy of language.
Two-Way Internationalization
Authors: Saito Naoko
Published: March 2018

In response to the anxieties of inclusion, this chapter explores the perfectionist antifoundationalism in John Dewey’s idea of democracy as a way of life. Anxieties of inclusion are experienced when we have to live with dissent and are exposed to discordant, disturbing voices. Some limits in Dewey’s pragmatism can be overcome through Stanley Cavell’s idea of philosophy as translation. The experience of untranslatability can occasion a mutual destabilizing of standpoints and a struggle with self-knowledge. Such unsteadying goes beyond the dynamics of the politics of recognition and of respect for different values, both of which tend to consolidate one’s stable standpoint. With the processes of self-criticism it so readily instills, translation is a metonym of such transformative experience. In the light of this an alternative route to political education is explored, with the emphasis on two-way internationalization through the art of translation.
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
Authors: Papke Roger L.
Published: March 2018

Acetylcholine, exquisitely evolved as a neurotransmitter, is made and released by the neurons that take the integrated output of the central nervous system throughout the body. At both neuromuscular junctions and autonomic ganglia, acetylcholine activates synaptic ion channels that take their name from the plant alkaloid nicotine, which is a mimic of the natural neurotransmitter. This chapter begins with the scientific discoveries related to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) of the neuromuscular junction and how resulting insights led to an understanding of the fundamentals of synaptic transmission. The nAChR are one member of a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels, and although in the brain excitatory neurotransmission is mediated by another family of synaptic receptors that are gated by glutamate, nicotinic receptors are important modulators of brain function and significant targets for drug development. In the brain, nAChR are targets for cognitive disorders and, tragically, responsible for tobacco addiction.
Specialized Sodium Channels in Pain Transmission
Authors: Xiao Yucheng , Pei Zifan , Cummins Theodore R.
Published: March 2018

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) in peripheral sensory neurons play a critical role in transmitting information regarding noxious stimuli from the periphery to the central nervous system. Multiple VGSCs are expressed in nociceptive neurons. Nociceptive neurons express fast, slow, and persistent VGSCs that can exhibit diverse pharmacology. It is proposed that these isoforms exhibit unique properties that are specifically tuned for the failsafe transmission of nociceptive information in spite of tissue damage. Genetic mutations in several isoforms can cause both loss of pain sensation and severe neuropathic pain sensations. Aberrant pain sensations associated with inherited and acquired pain conditions can be difficult to treat, but it is hoped that a detailed understanding of the structure and function of sensory neuronal VGSCs will aid the development of targeted isoform-specific inhibitors. This chapter reviews what is known about VGSCs that play specialized roles in pain transmission.
Emotions as Regulators of Motivated Behavior
Authors: Nelson Eric E. , Morningstar Michele A. , Mattson Whitney I.
Published: March 2018

Emotions, when viewed from the affective neuroscience perspective, arise from organized patterns of brain activity, which function to generate adaptive behavioral responses. Behavior that emerges from emotional brain engagement can almost always be characterized as motivated. Thus, emotion and motivation are highly interdependent concepts, particularly when it comes to behavioral expression. However, emotions do not always generate behavior, and behavioral outcomes of emotional engagement—that is, motivated behavior—are not always adaptive. The intersection and dissociation of emotion and motivation are reviewed in this chapter from an affective neuroscience perspective that is heavily influenced by the work of Jaak Panksepp.
Emotion Dysregulation and Self-Inflicted Injury
Authors: Kaufman Erin A. , Crowell Sheila E.
Published: March 2018

Leading theories and an increasingly large body of empirical work each implicate emotion dysregulation as a central contributor to the emergence and maintenance of a range of self-injurious behaviors. In fact, self-inflicted injury (SII) often serves as a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy. In this chapter, we review shared biological and contextual contributors to both conditions, and discuss mutually reinforcing influences on their development. Available evidence indicates that emotion dysregulation and SII are particularly likely to emerge when biologically vulnerable individuals are reared in specific developmental contexts. However, we cannot yet accurately predict which affective patterns mark imminent risk for SII. Although research on links between emotion dysregulation and SII has burgeoned in recent years and associations between these conditions are well established, mediating and moderating pathways require further exploration. We review recent findings, current methodological barriers, and directions for future research.
Treating Emotion Dysregulation in Externalizing Disorders
Authors: Winiarski Dominika A. , Brown April L. , Karnik Niranjan S. , Brennan Patricia A.
Published: March 2018

Externalizing behaviors are characterized by outward displays of aggression, impulsivity, and deceitfulness, and are often taken out on an individual’s environment or on another person in that environment. One of the proposed underlying risk factors for externalizing behavior is emotion dysregulation. This chapter summarizes several empirically supported treatments for emotion dysregulation among children, adolescents, and adults with externalizing behavior problems. Cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness-based, and dialectical behavioral therapy approaches are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the importance of matching the aforementioned empirically based treatments to the developmental level of the patient. Furthermore, this chapter summarizes notable work that has been done to identify children at risk for externalizing behavior problems earlier in development, and to then subsequently teach emotion regulatory strategies in a preventative manner. Clinical implications and future directions for research are also discussed.
Development of Emotion Dysregulation in Developing Relationships
Authors: Thompson Ross A. , Waters Sara F.
Published: March 2018

A developmental perspective to emotion dysregulation underscores the relational bases to developing emotion regulation capacities. In this chapter, attachment theory and functionalist emotions theory are discussed as theoretical foundations for understanding emotion dysregulation in the context of developing relationships. In the subsequent discussion of central research literatures, the chapter profiles family processes that contribute to the development of emotionally dysregulated behavior. The interaction of biological and social processes is considered next in discussions of the physiological synchrony between children and parents, the socialization of stress neurobiology, and children’s differential susceptibility to environmental influences and its consequences for emotion regulation and dysregulation. The chapter concludes with reflections on future directions, including the clinical implications of considering developing problems in emotion dysregulation as problems not just of individual children but also of relationships.
American Proverbs and Related Sayings
Authors: Mieder Wolfgang
Published: March 2018

The collection (paremiography) and study (paremiology) of proverbs has a venerable tradition in the United States. Interdisciplinary and multiethnic approaches have shown that proverbial language is characterized by its polyfunctionality, polysituativity, and polysemanticity. Proverbs continue to play a multifaceted role in the modern American environment. New field research resulting in collections of proverbs that have hitherto not been registered from various folk groups is needed, and future studies should look in greater detail at the use and function of proverbs in modern literature, film, music, mass media, cartoons, and the memes that employ proverbs on the Internet. The traditional and innovative employment of proverbs, quite often in the form of anti-proverbs, is alive in modern American society.
1918 and the End of Europe’s Land Empires
Authors: Gerwarth Robert
Published: March 2018

This, the first of two complementary chapters on the First World War and its colonial aftermaths, focuses on the collapse of ‘compact’ empires in Central, Eastern, and South-Eastern Europe. It conceptualizes the reconfiguration of Europe and its eastern borderlands after the collapse of Imperial Russia, Austria-Hungary and Imperial Germany as a form of decolonization internal to Europe during a ‘Greater War’ that, broadly speaking, continued until 1923. The global ramifications of this particularly European struggle became evident in new repressive techniques by colonial states and the widespread turn towards political violence to achieve the overthrow of imperial regimes.
The First Postcolonial Nation in Europe? The End of the German Empire
Authors: Eckert Andreas
Published: March 2018

Contrasting the ‘early’ decolonization imposed on defeated Germany after World War I with the subsequent creation of a Nazi Empire, dismantled after years of war and occupation, this chapter examines what made Germany’s twentieth century colonialism and its aftermath so different. It briefly points out why historians and politicians have ignored or downplayed Germany’s colonial past. It then looks at the variety of ways in which colonialism shaped interwar Germany and also discusses to what extent the Nazi Empire needs to be placed within the history of German colonialism, broadly defined. It also analyses how Germany shaped and was shaped by the end of the other European empires and the emergence of the ‘Third World’. In addition to the obvious consideration of ideological motivation, it also investigates the depth of popular support for imperial expansion and the ways in which Germany’s loss of empire has been articulated and understood.
DBT with Adolescents
Authors: Rathus Jill H. , Miller Alec L. , Bonavitacola Lauren
Published: March 2018

Alec Miller and Jill Rathus adapted Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) for adolescents with suicidal behaviours, multiple disorders, and complex presentations using Marsha Linehan’s original DBT for adults. This chapter outlines this adaptation, provides discussion of the original components and strategies and how they apply to adolescents, and describes the modifications for adolescents and their caregivers. It describes DBT treatment stages and targets, as well as treatment strategies specific to adolescents. It outlines the modes of treatment, including the multi-family skills group, family sessions, parenting sessions, and telephone coaching for parents. Further, it describes the additional skills that were added and/or adapted, including the new skills module, Walking the Middle Path. It includes a case study that highlights the conceptualization, interventions, and outcomes of a typical adolescent’s progress through DBT. Lastly, it summarizes the outcome research of DBT-A and suggests future directions for adolescent DBT.
Structuring the Wider Environment and the DBT Team
Authors: Swales Michaela A. , Dunkley Christine
Published: March 2018

The role of the dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) team lead is rarely discussed in the DBT academic or clinical literature. However, much implementation research and clinical experience in training and supporting teams new to DBT indicates the importance of the team lead to the correct and efficient functioning of the team itself. This chapter outlines the role of the team lead in relation to two of the functions of DBT; structuring the environment, and enhancing therapists’ capabilities and motivation. It outlines and discusses the core tasks of each of these functions for the team lead. Additionally, it describes the skills and strategies team leads need to learn and deploy to their team in the individual therapeutic and consultation team settings. Lastly, it outlines common dialectical tensions that can arise for team leads, and offers strategies for their management.
Implementation in National Systems
Authors: Flynn Daniel M. , Kells Mary , Joyce Mary
Published: March 2018

The National Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) Project, Ireland was established in 2013 in the Republic of Ireland. The aims of the project were twofold: to implement DBT in Community Mental Health Services across Ireland and to evaluate this coordinated implementation of DBT at a national level. This chapter describes the process of implementing DBT in the public health system in Ireland. It first describes how the need emerged for a coordinated national implementation, and the framework put in place to establish and put this coordinated initiative into action. It then considers challenges to a national implementation of an evidence-based treatment such as DBT and approaches that were employed to overcome such challenges. The chapter concludes with a summary of implementation outcomes and key learnings from this initiative as well as recommendations and considerations for DBT implementation and ongoing sustainability in community mental health services.
Evidentiality and Formal Semantic Theories
Authors: Speas Margaret
Published: March 2018

This chapter reviews recent proposals about how the meanings of evidentials should be captured within formal semantic theories, which attempt to model compositional meaning in a way that gives insight into possible semantic variation. The literature surveyed addresses three questions. First, how should the core meaning of evidential morphemes be characterized and what sorts of information can be inferred from their use in particular contexts and hence does not need to be specified as part of the core meaning? Second, can the way that evidentials compose with the rest of the sentence be captured using existing formal tools, or do evidentials have semantic properties that motivate additions to our semantic toolkit? Third, is there a limit to the range of possible evidential meanings? If so, how can a formal semantic theory constrain the possible meanings?
Evidentiality in Algonquian
Authors: Junker Marie-Odile , Quinn Conor , Valentine J. Randolph
Published: March 2018

This chapter surveys three representative chunks of the Algonquian family: the Cree-Innu-Naskapi continuum, Ojibwe, and Eastern Algonquian. After noting the very productive role of lexical means of expressing perception (the closest Algonquian gets to sensory evidentials), it highlights how some of the Cree-Innu-Naskapi continuum languages show affixal morphology that contrasts (Direct versus) Indirect evidentiality, Inferentiality, and the distinctive ‘dream-witnessed’ Subjective—with the remainder of the family showing essentially subsets of this range of contrasts. At the phrasal-syntactic level, it examines how the use of uninflected particles and quotative verbs pay special attention to encoding the information source. It shows that evidentiality has traditionally been overlooked due to the treatment of relevant phenomena as essentially epistemic.
Evidentiality in Korean
Authors: Sohn Ho-min
Published: March 2018

This chapter investigates the grammatical phenomenon of evidentiality in Korean. While referring to the diverse proposals on Korean evidentiality, it is proposed that the Korean evidential system consists of three grammatically and semantically distinct subclasses: perceptual, quotative/reported, and inferential, each of which has two or more member evidentials. The three subclasses are syntagmatically related, occurring in the order of inferential, perceptual, and quotative/reported. As inflectional suffixes, all evidentials occur optionally in pre-final or final slots in predicate constructions. It is also proposed that Korean evidentials are distinguished from TAM suffixes; when they occur together in predicate constructions, evidentials are always preceded by TAM elements. A further proposal is that all Korean evidentials have developed from non-evidential suffixes, phrases, or bi-clausal constructions via subjectification in grammaticalization.
Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology, and Psychopathology
Authors: Sheets-Johnstone Maxine
Published: March 2018

This chapter begins with a brief biography of Merleau-Ponty and then sets forth eight condensed perspectives on Merleau-Ponty’s relationship to phenomenology and psychopathology: Assessing Merleau-Ponty’s Writings in Psychopathology; Cezanne’s Doubt and Merleau-Ponty’s Doubt; Merleau-Ponty’s Ambiguous Way of Life; Sexuality and Ambiguity; Freudian Influences and Merleau-Ponty’s Existential Analyses;: Merleau-Ponty’s Analysis of Schneider; Puzzles about Touching and the Touched; Back to Cezanne. The eight condensed perspectives highlight fundamental themes in Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology and in his psychopathological analyses at the same time as they highlight fundamental questions and concerns that arise in an examination of these themes. The fundamental themes emerge first in an assessment of how Merleau-Ponty’s writings on psychopathology are both exceptional and non-exceptional and in the end in a question about the possible confluence of what Merleau-Ponty describes as Cezanne’s “creative liberty” and Merleau-Ponty’s own creative liberty
The Phenomenological Clarification of Grief and its Relevance for Psychiatry
Authors: Ratcliffe Matthew
Published: March 2018

This article addresses the similarities and differences between forms of experience associated with grief and major depression. It is conceded that both typical grief and major depression are phenomenologically diverse, and that there is no prospect of making a neat, clear-cut distinction between the two. Nevertheless, the article identifies three important differences that serve to distinguish most experiences of grief from most experiences of depression. First of all, depression, but not grief, involves losing experiential access to certain types of significant possibility. Second, grief involves dynamic perspective-shifting, whereas depression involves an inability to shift perspective. Third, grief involves a sustained ability to relate to and feel connected with other people, the capacity for which is substantially diminished in depression.
The Life-World of Persons with SchizophreniaConsidered as a Disorder of Basic Self
Authors: Sass Louis A.
Published: March 2018

This chapter offers an overview of the self-disorder or ipseity-disturbance model of schizophrenia, focusing on recent developments. According to this model, the foundational disorder in schizophrenia is a disturbance of minimal self or ipseity (derived from ipse, Latin for “self” or “itself”) that has three interrelated aspects: 1) hyperreflexivity and 2) diminished self-presence—together with a correlated 3) disturbance of “grip” or “hold” on the cognitive/perceptual world. The chapter focuses on recent theoretical work, together with some quasi-empirical and empirical research, that attempts to investigate the underlying nature of “self-disorder” in more depth through 1) offering theoretical clarification by considering self-disorder’s different, interlocking aspects as well its distinctive pathogenetic forms or stages (primary versus secondary); 2) investigating self-disorder in a comparative context (e.g. compared with mania and severe depression, as well as with conditions involving prominent dissociative symptoms); and 3) discussing possible correlates on the neurobiological or neurocognitive plane.
Delusional Mood
Authors: Henriksen Mads Gram , Parnas Josef
Published: March 2018

This article examines the clinical concept of delusional atmosphere or mood, which denotes a predelusional state that may precede the formation of primary delusion in schizophrenia. Delusional mood refers to a global, diffuse, ominous feeling of something (not yet defined) impending. This article explores how schizophrenia spectrum patients usually experience delusional mood and it accounts for certain typical phases that tend to lead to the crystallization of primary delusion. In brief, delusional mood often involves an increase of basic affective tone, followed by an atmosphere of apprehension, free-floating anxiety, guilt, or depression, perhaps of something impending. The delusional mood becomes increasingly self-referential and eventually the world may come to be experienced as staged, artificial, or unreal. The current diagnostic manuals make no reference to delusional mood and thus it risks slipping “under the radar” or being mistaken for, for example, expressions of anxiety or depression.
Love and Freedom
Authors: Pereboom Derk
Published: March 2018

This chapter examines whether love requires freedom of the will. This might be so if love is a response to reasons to love, and freedom of the will just is responsiveness to reasons. Or else, love might require free will if love requires susceptibility to reactive attitudes such as moral resentment, and this susceptibility in turn requires free will. A further possibility is that the kind of love we value most requires free will because it requires the absence of causal determination by factors beyond the lover’s control. Perhaps causally determined love is too similar to manipulated love to be genuinely valuable. Against this, it has been argued that certain paradigmatic cases of valuable love, such as romantic love and love for one’s children, are often involuntary and thus not freely willed.
Eschatology
Authors: O'Callaghan Paul
Published: March 2018

This chapter considers the Christian doctrine of the end of all things and the character of our hope about that end. The chapter begins with an introduction to the ‘Parousia’, the coming of Christ at the end of time. It then considers the resurrection of the dead, the renewal of the cosmos—the establishment of the new heavens and new earth—and the final judgement. A consideration of heaven is matched by discussion of how Christians should imagine scriptural teaching on perpetual retribution. The chapter then considers how Christian eschatological doctrine shapes our experience in the world. The chapter closes with a treatment of purgatory and the space between death and resurrection.
Phonology
Authors: Bird Steven , Heinz Jeffrey
Published: March 2018

Phonology is the systematic study of the sounds used in language, their internal structure, and their composition into syllables, words, and phrases. Computational phonology is the application of formal and computational techniques to the representation and processing of phonological information. This chapter presents the fundamentals of phonology along with an overview of computational phonology. Fundamentals discussed include phonological features, phonemes, early generative grammar, autosegmental phonology, syllable structure, and optimality theory. Finite-state machines, attribute-value matrices, computational learning methods, and existing software toolkits round out the discussion on comptuational phonology.
New Approaches to the Anthropology of Islamic Movements
Authors: Hafez Sherine
Published: March 2018

With the widening rift between secular and religious groups in Muslim majority countries, “Islamism” continues to be reified as a separate entity from “secularism,” thus uprooting it from its historical and sociopolitical context. This chapter critically examines these binarizing discourses to propose an interdisciplinary approach that situates Islamic movements within broader discussions of social power structures that frame the discursive contentious divide between the secular and the religious. Taking ethnographic data from an Islamic women’s reform movement in Egypt as a starting point, this chapter argues that the reification of the so-called “religious subject” as the opposite of the “secular other” in literature in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is distortive. Unquestioned notions of individual subjectivity can be misleading in analysis of Islamic movements and impact how we understand political and social transformations in post revolutionary Arab Muslim-majority societies.
Bottlenecks, Modules, and Dynamic Architectural Capabilities
Authors: Baldwin Carliss Y.
Published: March 2018

How do firms create and capture value in large technical systems? In this paper, I argue that the points of both value creation and value capture are the system’s bottlenecks. Bottlenecks arise first as important technical problems to be solved. Once the problem is solved, Then the solution in combination with organizational boundaries and property rights can be used to capture a stream of rents. The tools a firm can use to manage bottlenecks are, first, an understanding first of the technical architecture of the system; and, second, an understanding of the industry architecture in which the technical system is embedded. Although these tools involve disparate bodies of knowledge, they must be used in tandem to achieve maximum effect. Dynamic architectural capabilities provide managers with the ability to see a complex technical system in an abstract way and change the system’s structure to manage bottlenecks and modules in conjunction with the firm’s organizational boundaries and property rights.
Urbanization and Oppida
Authors: Fichtl Stephan
Published: March 2018

The first examples of urbanization in Celtic Europe were the princely residences of the early Iron Age, but it was not until the late third century BC that urban centres began to flourish across Europe. The first were open settlements, followed by fortified oppida. Characterized by very large surface areas (up to hundreds of hectares) and defended by ramparts with strong symbolic and ostentatious connotations, oppida are widely considered the first cities north of the Alps. Craft and commercial activities were prominent, but they were also important political and religious centres, displaying a coherent internal organization, with functional zoning and public spaces. Oppida appeared in the late second century BC, disappearing in the mid-first century BC in the east, but surviving until the Augustan period in Gaul. The structuring of Gaulish civitas territories implies that some oppida were true capitals.
Trade and Exchange
Authors: Gosden Chris
Published: March 2018

This chapter challenges prevailing paradigms which have structured discussion of trade and exchange in Iron Age Europe around the dichotomies of gifts vs commodities, or socially generated exchanges in the earlier Iron Age vs production for profit in the later Iron Age. It begins by reviewing the debate on markets and gifts, and what is still useful, and goes on to suggest new directions for research, focusing more on what brought people together as much as the items exchanged. Early Iron Age links between the Mediterranean and Europe north of the Alps are reconsidered in the light of recent work, with a focus on the Heuneburg and Massalia. For the later period, the role of oppida is considered; evidence of production for profit is absent from many areas, and the long-distance exchanges evident at oppida were part of broader European links connected to changes in power and identity.