bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social soil science as a new approach in soil science
Authors: Pozniak Stepan , Havrysh Natalia
Published: June 2020

The article contains the authors’ reflections on the formation and substantiation of many aspects in soil science, concerning its connections with social sciences. Arguments about the exceptional importance of soil resources in the modern world and the importance of scientific research in soil science, which can become an important instrument of solving social problems, are found. It is shown that soil resources, being the basis of agricultural development, are the long-term capital through which different nations exist and develop. In order to maintain the normal living conditions of the population and to improve them, it is important to use this global resource wisely. The attitude of people to the soil is recognized as fundamental for nation’s sustainable development and, moreover, the life expectancy of a civilization may depend on the people attitude to soils. In order to maintain collective well-being of people, a long-term interest of the society in soil protection needs to be reoriented – this should become a priority task for our civilization. The current state of soils can be a characteristic of the development of society as well as a criterion for assessing the activity of government and social stability in the country.
Manejo del neonato sospechoso e infectado de COVID-19 en la UCIN
Authors: Macías Avilés Héctor Alberto
Published: June 2020

El SARS-CoV-2 es un coronavirus β y se reportó por primera vez en diciembre de 2019 en Wuhan, China y el primer caso reportado de COVID-19 neonatal fue en febrero de 2020. Desde entonces han surgido preocupaciones acerca de la posible transmisión vertical de SARS-CoV-2 y su gravedad, pero la información sobre recién nacidos con COVID-19 confirmado o sospechado está aún limitada. Está reportado que es más común como una enfermedad asintomática o leve en comparación con los adultos. El recién nacido puede infectarse después del nacimiento, ya sea de su madre, familiar o dentro del entorno del hospital a través de gotitas de la vía respiratoria, fómites infectados y por el aire durante los procedimientos de aerosolización El diagnóstico requiere la detección de la secuencia homóloga del virus del por RT-PCR de SAR-CoV-2 de la vía respiratoria superior (hisopado nasofaríngeo u orofaríngeo), vías respiratorias inferiores (esputo, aspirado endotraqueal o lavado broncoalveolar) o en sangre (suero). Por lo tanto, la atención médica en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales de estos pacientes consiste en: prevenir, controlar y establecer medidas para asegurar el tratamiento adecuado de quienes potencialmente pueden infectarse. Los cuidados médicos y respiratorios aún no son claros y existen varias propuestas en estudios efectuados en distintos países. Estas recomendaciones de atención de recién nacidos de madres con COVID-19, confirmado o sospechoso, son específicas y pueden modificarse según las limitaciones de la infraestructura y disponibilidad de equipos de protección de cada centro hospitalario.
Identidad boyacense: cultura popular, floklor y carranga (1960-1980)
Authors: Acuña Rodríguez Olga Yanet , Cárdenas Soler Ruth Nayibe , Gómez Castañeda Julio Aldemar
Published: June 2020

Durante los años sesenta, en Colombia se avizoraron cambios importantes
en el ámbito cultural (desarrollo del Instituto Colombiano de Cultura) y en la vida
política (incursión de movimientos que promovieron mayor participación de los
sectores populares). Particularmente en Boyacá se presentó un gran interés por definir
la identidad del boyacense y por promover el desarrollo cultural. En este texto se
analiza cómo se pretendió caracterizar la identidad del boyacense (1960-1980), para
lo cual se realizó un análisis hermenéutico de la información documental colectada
para establecer las dimensiones aquí descritas: folclor y cultura popular; identidad
regional; música carranguera. Se evidenció una dicotomía entre las perspectivas
folclorista y cultura popular de los estudiosos de la época. Desde la folclorogía se
promovió la formación musical centro europea y como expresión popular se consolida
la música carranguera, con la cual se populariza la vida cotidiana de los campesinos.
Trabajo y castigos laborales a los indios de Pamplona del Nuevo Reino de Granada, siglo XVII
Authors: García Rincón Leonardo Fabián
Published: June 2020

Este artículo procura examinar cuáles fueron los castigos laborales que infringieron los encomenderos y agentes privados (hacendados, estancieros y mineros) a los indios durante el siglo XVII en la Provincia de Pamplona del Nuevo Reino de Granada. Para ello se han examinado algunas solicitudes y quejas que presentaban los indios. El enfoque adoptado aborda las relaciones entre las condiciones de trabajo y los castigos bajo el régimen de la encomienda, el concierto agrario y las conducciones a las minas de oro (los dos últimos eran tipos de mita en la región). Como resultado se encontraron múltiples referencias a prácticas que acentuaban las disciplinas laborales y la sumisión de los indios en la vida cotidiana. La investigación permite concluir que hubo significativas conexiones entre los castigos, la intensidad de los regímenes de trabajo, las huidas, las enfermedades y, en general, el declive demográfico de las comunidades indias.
Experimental Design for Evaluation of Formation Damage by Microbial Contamination in Water Flooding Processes. A Colombian Study Case
Authors: Jaimes Plata Manuel Guillermo , Escobar Hernández Martin Augusto , Torres Sáez Rodrigo Gonzalo
Published: June 2020

Microbial contamination is well known in the oil and gas industry and it occurs in most processes where water processing systems are involved. Microorganisms are spread everywhere, even in the subsurface, where operations of oil exploration and production are developed. For this reason, different genera of microorganisms can affect the Oil & Gas Industry. One of the major problems in oil mature fields undergoing secondary recovery is the contamination with sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), caused generally by the injection water system (fresh and/or production) and/or of the reservoir (natural or by drilling fluids, completion, stimulation, etc.). This problem causes formation damage and microbiological induced corrosion (MIC) in the injection-production system. In many producing wells, formation damage by microbiological contamination is initially masked by a decline in reservoir pressure; however, initial production of H2S does provide a possible microbial contamination of water production, water injection and eventually petroleum reservoir. In some producing wells, H2S concentrations have exceeded the lethal limits of 250 ppm and there are cases of producing wells with levels above 1000 ppm. In this work, both a conceptual study and an experimental protocol were developed for the evaluation of formation damage by microbial contamination in water flooding processes. It is focused on finding the best stimulation treatment with biocides to H2S and corrosion control in Producer Wells of Oil Fields Undergoing Secondary Recovery as part of the comprehensive strategy to implement in the injection-reservoir-production system of the Chichimene field in Colombia. This study included the following stages:1. State of the art to define main bactericides, matrix stimulation treatments to H2S and corrosion control, removal of biomass (biofilm) and iron sulfide, etc. in producers wells. 2. Conceptual study of the formation damage by growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria.3. Experimental protocol for the evaluation of formation damage due to microbial contamination in water flood processes.4. Experimental evaluation of formation damage due to microbial contamination in cores of the Chichimene field, in Colombia. Finally, the main findings, conclusions and recommendations obtained in this study are shown.Keywords: microbial contamination, microorganisms, secondary recovery, stimulation, formation damage, sulfate-reducing bacteria, water production, waterflooding.
Osmanlı Kelâmında Mâtürîdîlik Vurgusu: Şerḥu’l-‘Aḳâid Haşiyelerindeki Tekvin Tartışmaları Bağlamında Bir İnceleme
Authors: AYKAÇ Mustafa
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada Osmanlı döneminde Şerḥ’ul-’Aḳâid üzerine yazılan bazı hâşiyeler incelenerek, tekvin konusu bağlamında bu haşiye yazarlarının mezhebî kimlikleri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Amacımız Osmanlı medreselerinde Eş’arî kelâm kitaplarının okutulmasından hareketle Osmanlı’nın Eş’arîliği benimsediğine dair kanaatin doğru olup olmadığını tespit etmektir. Sa’deddîn et-Teftâzânî’nin (792/1390) Şerḥ’ul-’Aḳâid adlı eseri Osmanlı Devleti zamanında haşiyeleri ile birlikte okunan önemli bir kelâm kitabıdır. Ömer en-Nesefî’nin (537/1142) görüşlerinin Eş’arîlik perspektifinden şerh edildiği bu kitap, kelamın şerh ve hâşiye döneminin önemli örneklerinden biridir. Teftâzânî bu kitapta hem Mâtürîdî kelâm ekolünü benimseyen Nesefî’nin görüşlerini hem de kendi değerlendirmelerini beraberce anlatmıştır. Kitabın bu yapısı, üzerine hâşiyelerin yazılmasına ve Ehl-i sünnet’in iki kelâm ekolünün görüşlerinin bu kitap üzerinden tartışılmasına yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı Dönemin meşhur kelâm âlimleri olan Aḥmed b. Mûsâ el-Ḥayâlî (875/1470), Muṣliḥuddîn Muṣṭafa el-Kestelî (901/1496) ve Ramażan b. Muḥammed’in (1017/1608) Teftâzânî’nin tekvin konusundaki görüşleri üzerine yazdığı şerhler incelenmiştir. Ḥayâlî’nin görüşlerinin anlaşılması bakımından Ḳul (veya Ḳavl) Aḥmed b. Ḫıżır el-Kâzerûnî (950/1543) ve Abdülḥakîm es-Siyâlkûtî’nin (1067/1657) açıklamalarına da yer verilmiştir.
Mu’tezile’de Yaratılışın Gayesi ve İlahî Fiillerin Değer Analizi
Authors: MARAZ Hüseyin
Published: June 2020

Makalemizde Basra Ekolü temsilcilerinden olan ve Mu’tezile’nin beş doktrinel esasını sistemleştiren Kâdî Abdulcebbar’ın (ö. 415/1024) görüşleri doğrultusunda âlemin ve özellikle de insanın yaratılışındaki ilahi gaye ve bu gayeyi ifade eden kavramların değer analizi tasviri bir metotla ele alınacaktır. Bu doğrultuda Allah’ın insanı niçin yarattığı sorusu, ilahi fiillerdeki gaye/garaz (amaç ve nedensellik) unsuru esas alınarak cevaplandırılmaya çalışılacak ve Allah’ı yaratmaya çağıran zorunsuz nedenin (dâî) nitel değeri incelenecektir. Bununla birlikte Allah’ın yaratma gayesinin merkez kavramı olan ‘faydalandırma’nın, yaratılış öncesinde hikmet üst başlığı ile ‘tefaddul’ (karşılık beklemeksizin fayda sağlama); yeniden dirilişte ise vâcib üst başlığı ile ‘sevab’(mükâfat) ve ‘ivaz’ (elemin bedeli) olarak formüle edildiği görülecektir. İkab/cezanın ise yaratılışın başlangıcına ait bir değer olmadığı dolayısıyla yeniden diriliş ile zorunluluk kazanan ‘yasal iyi’ olduğu vurgulanacaktır. Bütün bu gayeliliği ifade eden kavramların ‘fayda ve iyilik’ (maslahat ve hüsn) değerleri içerisinde temellendirilmeye çalışıldığına yer verilecektir. Çalışmamızda yaratılışa başlamanın esas gayesi faydalandırma ve bunun fiilî değeri tefaddul iken; yeniden yaratılışın gaye değeri fayda ve iyi, fiilî değeri ise vâcib olduğu sonucuna ulaşılacaktır.
Comparative Assessment of Cuspal Deflection in Premolars Restored with Bulk-Fill and Conventional Composite Resins
Authors: Yarmohammadi Ebrahim , Kasraei Shahin , Sadeghi Yasaman
Published: June 2020

Objectives: It has been reported that bulk-fill composites simplify tooth restoration with no adverse effect on the success rate. This study sought to assess the cuspal deflection of premolars with mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities restored with bulk-fill and conventional posterior composite resins.
Materials and Methods: This in-vitro experimental study was conducted on 64 human maxillary premolars. MOD cavities were prepared on teeth and restored with Filtek P60 conventional composite and Filtek Bulk Fill flowable, X-tra fill, and X-tra base bulk-fill composites in four groups (n=16). Distance between the cusp tips was measured before, five minutes, 24 hours, 48 hours, and one week after restoration. The data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test (α=0.05).
Results: The mean±standard deviation (SD) of cuspal deflection at five minutes after the restoration was 13.5±5.3, 12.2±3.5, 11.3±4.4, and 10.4±3.7 µm for Filtek P60, Filtek Bulk Fill, X-tra fill, and X-tra base, respectively. ANOVA showed that bulk-fill composites did not cause a significant reduction in cuspal deflection compared to P60 (P>0.05). Cuspal deflection in all groups significantly decreased with time (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Bulk-fill composites have no superiority over P60 in the reduction of cuspal deflection. The cuspal deflection was variable at different time points in all groups and decreased over time.
CD4 Cell Counts, Lipid Profile, and Oral Manifestations in HIV-Infected and AIDS Patients
Authors: Sridevi1 Koduri , Malathi Saka , KV Chalapathi , Nagarjuna G Chowdary , Gayathri M , Eswar Chand6 G , Nayyar Abhishek Singh
Published: June 2020

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate CD4 cell counts, lipid profile, and oral manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and their correlation with seronegative controls.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional, hospital-based study, there were three groups of subjects: group A consisting of 500 healthy patients (controls), group B composed of 500 HIV-infected patients, and group C comprised of 500 AIDS patients based on their CD4 cell counts. CD4 cell counts were assessed using the CyFlow counter. Lipid profile was evaluated with the Erba EM 360 analyzer.
Results: The results were statistically significant for CD4 cell counts (P<0.001). The levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) were significantly decreased while triglycerides (TGs) and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) were significantly increased in AIDS patients compared to the controls and HIV-infected patients. Various results were obtained regarding oral manifestations with different levels of significance.
Conclusion: CD4 cell counts, TC, LDLs, TGs, and VLDLs were significantly changed in HIV-infected and AIDS patients compared to the controls.
Clinical Applications of Interleukin-37; As a Key Player in the Immunopathogenesis of Immune Disorders
Authors: Khosh Elnaz , Bahmaie Nazila , Elahi Reza , Esmaeilzadeh Abdolreza
Published: June 2020

Recently, the era of medicine has been encountered with the exponential growth of special seroimmunobiomarkers in clinical trials. Lately, Interleukin-37 (IL-37) has attracted a wide range of basic medical scientists’ attention due to its controversial functions in physiologic or pathologic microenvironments. In this research, an updated overview of immunobiological functions and clinical applications of IL-37 in a wide range of diseases, are discussed in order to highlight the role of recent laboratory-based results of IL-37. Data of this systematic review article were collected from initial 237 articles in Google Scholar search engine, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases. Eventually, 134 total articles were considered from March 2000 to June 2019 time interval, by using 5 keywords. Relevant English articles, abstracts and conference papers all were included. No restrictions of methods and type of the article were imposed. As one of the newly immunotherapeutic based approaches, clinical applications of cytokines are promisingly taken into account for diagnosis and treatment of multiple diseases. Various evidence suggests that IL-37 has notable roles in the regulation of acute and chronic inflammatory responses. Also, IL-37 has been studied in pregnancy, obesity, infectious, cardiovascular, neurologic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases. Also, the protective functions of IL-37 against multiple cancers, are disputably related to the type and stage of cancer as well as the IL-37 variant. The broad spectrum of IL-37 and its receptors in diseases, seem to be a potential candidate with pivotal effects for immunomodulation and immune gene therapy of various pathologic states.
Impact of OCT4 and Its Related Signaling Pathways on Gastrointestinal Cancers: Focusing on Targeted Therapy
Authors: Cheshomi Hamid , Gholami Omid , Peyroshabani Babak , Rad Abolfazl
Published: June 2020

There are many pieces of evidence support the effect of cancer stem cells on the initiation and progression of cancer. However, related mechanisms involved in these phenomena are far more complicated to understand. The function of different stemness factorsin cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their complex associations at different levels of cancer have been reported. Therefore, it seems that focusing on one master factor would be more helpful to complete the puzzle of singling pathways in these cells. Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) also known as POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1(POU5F1), one of these key pluripotency factors, has important roles in both embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. In this review, we gathered information about the association of different markers with OCT4 expression in three types of gastrointestinal cancers including esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancers. OCT4 through different signaling pathways has an impact on different processes of gastrointestinal cancers such as proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Based on the literature, OCT4 has great effects on cancer progression at different stages, therefore we suggested it has potential implications in therapeutic options.
Comment on “Association between Interleukin-32 and Interleukin-17A Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Serum Levels with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome”
Authors: Zakeri Saba , Naseri Rozita , Rahimi Zohreh
Published: June 2020

This article is a Letter to the Editor and does not include an Abstract.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION DEPTHS IN FORAGE SORGHUM CROPS
Authors: RODRIGUES DE SOUSA PAULO GLEISSON , DE ARAÚJO VIANA THALES VINÍCIUS , DE CARVALHO CLAYTON MOURA , FIRMIANO DE SOUSA JOSÉ DE PAULA , CAMPOS KILMER COELHO , DE AZEVEDO BENITO MOREIRA
Published: June 2020

The objective of this work was to evaluate the production costs and profitability indexes of sorghum crop for silage production under different irrigation depths. The work was conducted at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará (IFCE) – Umirim Campus, from September to December 2016. The treatments were arranged in 5 x 5 split plots with 5 replications. Irrigations were performed on a daily basis, and the applied depths were calculated based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The primary treatments were 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of ETc, associated with different levels of carnauba bagana mulch (0.00, 2.50, 3.75, 5.00, and 6.25 cm). Effective Operating Cost (EOC), Total Operating Cost (TOC), Gross Revenue (GR), Operating Profit (OP), Profitability Index (PI) and Break-Even Price (BEP) were estimated. According to the indicators analyzed, it was found that this is a promising crop within the different agricultural production schools, with favorable rates for the producer. The variety evaluated presents high resistance as to the water limitation factor, showing positive indicators such as break-even point below the average prices practiced in the region.
The Usefulness of C-Reactive Protein, Procalcitonin, and PELOD-2 Score as a Predictive Factor of Mortality in Sepsis
Authors: Lubis Munar , Lubis Aridamuriany Dwiputri , Nasution Badai Buana
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: Sepsis in children is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Assessment of pediatric sepsis using serial Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD)-2 score can be used as a prognostic factor. The use of biomarkers of sepsis is also used for diagnosis and predicting outcomes. Many studies have suggested that C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) can be used to predict mortality.METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate CRP, PCT, PELOD-2 score and its combination as a predictive factor of mortality in sepsis. All patients admitted to PICU Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, from April to November 2019 with suspected sepsis were included in this study. Blood examination and PELOD-2 scores were examined in the first 24 hours.RESULTS: A total of 79 children were included with a mortality rate 55.7%. The CRP, PCT, and PELOD-2 score were higher in nonsurvivor (2.8 (0.5-22.4) mg/dL; 9.36 (0.13-79.8) ng/mL; 9 (3-21), respectively). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, neither CRP nor PCT values could be independent predictors of mortality. The PELOD-2 score can be an independent predictor for mortality at a cut-off score of 7 (OR: 3.47 (95% CI: 1.68-7.19)). The combination of PELOD-2 and CRP scores as predictors of mortality showed lower values than PELOD-2 and PCT scores (0.80 vs. 0.95). The combination of all parameters only adds 1% of the predicted mortality value.CONCLUSION: PELOD-2 score with PCT value are recommended to predict mortality children with sepsis.KEYWORDS: sepsis, mortality, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, PELOD-2 score
Análisis de tecnologías digitales para beneficiar el ejercicio profesional de los mediadores familiares de Chile
Authors: Alarcón García Sofía Andrea
Published: June 2020

En este estudio analizamos tecnologías digitales que pudieran beneficiar el ejercicio profesional de los mediadores familiares de Chile. Sostenemos la hipó­tesis de que existen tecnologías digitales que podrían contribuir a resguardar prin­cipios de la mediación, favorecer la comunicación, gestionar las emociones y la búsqueda de acuerdos, en armonía con las leyes 19.968 y 19.628 de Chile. Nuestros resultados muestran doce tecnologías digitales compatibles con nuestra hipótesis. Concluimos que estas tecnologías contribuyen al ejercicio profesional de los me­diadores, siempre que no afecten su desempeño global y no transgredan derechos fundamentales o la teoría de la mediación.
Blockchain y contratos inteligentes: aproximación a sus problemáticas y retos jurídicos
Authors: Padilla Sánchez Jorge Alberto
Published: June 2020

El desarrollo de tecnologías blockchain ha permitido la creación de nuevas formas de ejecución automática de obligaciones contractuales mediante los mal deno­minados “contratos inteligentes” (smart contracts). Las características propias de la blockchain, esto es, su lenguaje de código, la desintermediación, autonomía e inmu­tabilidad, crean nuevas problemáticas asociadas a la ejecución contractual mediante contratos inteligentes; y al mismo tiempo implican retos para los actores involucra­dos, así como para los reguladores. El presente artículo tiene como objeto servir de introducción al análisis de las problemáticas asociadas a la tecnología blockchain y a los contratos inteligentes.
Intercultural Perspective in Blended Mobility
Authors: Welzera Tatjana , Družoveca Marjan , Zelenika Marijana , Escudeirob Nuno
Published: June 2020

Blended Mobility combines physical mobility and the blended learning approach. In a blended mobility setting the students can get international experience without spending a full semester abroad. Typically, the students will participate in a project (learning) for several months, communicate virtually, and are abroad for a shorter period (for example, two weeks). Blended mobility has many positive impacts on students and their careers. With blended mobility, we foster internationalization of education, promote students’ employability through non-formal learning not requiring curricula changes, promote international experience of undergraduate students and boost the provision of professional skills, support collaborative learning and critical thinking. By participating in the blended mobility, students also have to cope with the intercultural perspective. In the case of physical mobility for a full semester, they have to cope with different language, culture, way of life, food, daily communication for example. However, while students are physically present, they are able to cope with this on the basis of observing their new cultural environment, they can ask home students and other people for help, but when students communicate virtually, they have less possibilities to recognise the before mentioned differences. They can still ask others, but they cannot observe the cultural environment of others, or only with a very limited view. In addition, if they are physically present for just a short time – for example, one or two weeks, the intercultural perspective can be quite a challenge for them, not only because of the short visit in another culture(s) (two weeks physical mobility can be connected to two different locations and cultures), but especially because, at the same time, they also have to cope with the many different cultures of other students involved in the same project (learning). They are also faced with different cultures of their teammates during the virtual period, and this is a special challenge as well. Because of that, we have to prepare students on blended mobility even more carefuly than for the long-term physical mobility. In the paper, we will present our experiences with intercultural perspectives in blended mobility in the frame of the blended AIM project. We will present the state-of-the-art in the project, cultural preparation and students’ opinions, as well as teachers’ observations.
The Use of Location Specific Advertisements on Facebook: Can they Help Entrepreneurs Solve Problems Associated with Banner Advertisements
Authors: Martin Frank
Published: June 2020

This study is set up to assess the relationship between advertising based on location and effectiveness of banner ads on social networking sites. The main research question is: Is location-specific advertising more likely to overcome the problems associated with banner advertisements than non-location specific advertising on the social networking site Facebook? The research took an explanatory approach establishing causal links between the selected variables. An on-line attitudinal survey was issued to Facebook users and their responses were analyzed through quantitative statistical techniques to test the hypotheses and observe significant correlations. The conclusions drawn from the results show that Facebook is a highly used medium mostly for social purposes. However, the site users generally do not find advertisements placed on the site effective. The results also suggest that location-specific advertisements could improve consumer perceptions of effectiveness through increased relevancy and could also help increase responsiveness but only at a basic level, which includes awareness and brand recall.
МОНИТОРИНГ СОСТОЯНИЯ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО ПОКРОВА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО ИРАКА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СПУТНИКОВЫХ ДАННЫХ LANDSAT-8
Authors: Токарева Ольга Сергеевна , Пасько Ольга Анатольевна , Маджид Саиф Моханад , Кабраль Педро
Published: June 2020

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью получения объективной информации о закономерностях территориально-временной изменчивости состояния растительности в республике Ирак и о факторах, ее определяющих, для максимально эффективного использования земель в экстремальных природных и социально-экономических условиях хозяйствования. Цель: анализ динамики состояния растительного покрова территорий четырех провинций Центрального Ирака с использованием нормализованного разностного вегетационного индекса NDVI в период с 2014 по 2017 гг. Объектом исследования являются территории четырех провинций Центрального Ирака: Бабиля, Багдада, Васита и Диялы. Предмет исследования – временно-территориальная изменчивость состояния растительности. Методы: дистанционного зондирования Земли, тематического картирования, обработки изображений, пространственного анализа данных, статистического анализа. Результаты. С использованием вегетационного индекса, рассчитанного по данным дистанционного зондирования Земли, полученным со спутника Landsat-8, выявлены закономерности временно-территориальной динамики состояния растительности территории Центрального Ирака. Установлены региональные особенности, проявившиеся в структуре растительности и скорости ее изменения. Максимальные площади земель, не покрытых растительностью, выявлены в провинциях Багдад и Васит; покрытых растительностью большинства классов – также в Васите; покрытых плотной растительностью – в Дияле, отмеченной также минимумом бесплодных территорий. Бабиль характеризуется минимальной площадью, покрытой растительностью. Багдад по изученным показателям занимает промежуточное положение. Данные закономерности слабо согласуются с абсолютными значениями площадей провинций. Они вызваны сложившимися условиями хозяйствования и проявляются в качественной и количественной неоднородности распределения растительности по провинциям. Во время активной стадии вегетации, при переходе от февраля к марту, вариации площадей, не занятых растительностью, занятых умеренной и плотной растительностью, стабильны; в то же время происходит рост вариации площадей с очень плотной и падение площадей со слабой растительностью и растительностью максимальной плотности. Корреляционный анализ между показателями NDVI и погодными условиями достоверных связей не выявил.
Effects of piano accompaniment on instrument training habits and performance self-efficacy belief in flute education
Authors: Ustun Emre , Ozer Burcu
Published: June 2020

Education methods to be used in the emotional, mental and psychological development of instrument education are of great importance in terms of education process. In this context, the training habits and self-efficacy developments of the students with their instruments can be supported by the accompaniment education process, thus increasing the performance of the instruments. In this context, an experimental method was used in the research by using piano accompaniment training practice, individual instrument training habits and instrument performance self-efficacy belief questionnaires. Pre-test-posttest pattern of this method was preferred. The study was carried out with 9 students who studied flute in Nevsehir Hacı Bektas Veli University music department. After the experiment process, the scores of the groups were reached by using Ttest. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the application of piano accompaniment in flute education has a positive effect on all sub-dimensions of both questionnaires. In addition, it was determined that students use time in a disciplined and productive way, develop themselves in terms of musicality, see themselves more adequate with the positive progress of the psychological effects of this development, and increase their love for their instrument and desire to work.
Keywords: Instrument education, flute education, piano accompaniment, training habits, self-efficacy developments
LEARNING ARABIC LANGUAGE WITH GENDER NEUTRAL INSIGHT AT MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF MALANG
Authors: Chamidah Dewi , Mustofa Bisri , Rosyidah Inayatur
Published: June 2020

Arabic language actually contains sexism. Therefore, learning Arabic with a gender neutral perspective is absolutely necessary so that the alignments towards the Adam and the marginalization of the Eve can be straightened out. Research learning Arabic language with gender neutral insight at Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang is a library research. In addition, this also includes the type of qualitative research. The documentary method was chosen for data collection techniques. The contribution of learning gender-oriented Arabic language at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang was explored through interviews and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is qualitative data analysis with data validity methods in the form of participation, perseverance of observation, triangulation and adequacy of references. Gender-based Arabic learning in the Special Arabic Language Development Program (PPBA) and Arabic education department includes: Learning planning process, Teaching and learning interactions, Class management and the use of gender responsive language and Arabic learning with gender-neutral insight in the Special Program for Arabic Language Development (PPBA) and the Arabic Education majors as a whole have a positive impact.
Celebrate Birth!—Ava's Arrival
Authors: Reardon Kim
Published: June 2020

As a Certified Lamaze Childbirth Educator and poet, I wrote this poem to help a new mother come to terms with the fact she was unable to have a vaginal delivery. Her first born was in a transverse lie the entire third trimester. Despite numerous interventions, the baby would not turn and had to be delivered by cesarean surgery. This was the safest possible birth for mother and baby. The couple desperately wanted to hold true to the Lamaze Philosophy and Healthy Birth Practices. They insisted labor begin spontaneously, and so it did. The poem and photographs reveal the parents' fortitude, demonstrating the core premise of their birth plan was not negated. The outcome: healthy mother and healthy baby.
Nuevas consideraciones en torno a un monumento pétreo de la Estructura IV-B de Calakmul
Authors: Mumary Farto Pablo Alberto
Published: June 2020

At the end of the decade of the 90’s of the 20th century, the Calakmul Archaeological Project reported an unfinished monument, listed by Martin as Stela 117, which was found in Structure IV. On the front, the hieroglyphics were uncarved, but still show a figure carrying warrior attributes sitting on a throne located on the top of a witz basement with a toponymic name. In the monument’s informative card at the Museo de la Arquitectura Maya of the Baluarte de la Soledad (in Campeche, México) where it is exhibited, mentions that it’s an “Early Classic lintel in which it’s represented K’altun Hix” who was one of the early ajawtaak of the Kaan dynasty. However, formally the monument does not seems like a lintel, stylistically it does not coincide with the proposed chronology and, also, the Kaan dynasty was not installed in Calakmul yet during the Early Classic. Therefore, through the iconographic analysis of the monument, with and emphasis on the symbolic elements that are still preserved and taking into account the historical and archaeological context of the Structure IV, we will discuss the possible temporality, the type of monument and who the character represented could be.
Permanencia y uso contemporáneo del calendario Cholq’ij/Tachb’al Amaq’ en tierras altas de Guatemala
Authors: Cano Contreras Eréndira Juanita , Estrada Lugo Erin I. J. , Page Pliego Jaime Tomás , Zent Egleé L.
Published: June 2020

In the highlands of Guatemala, the knowledge and use of the Cholq’ij, 260-day ritual calendar, has persisted among contemporary Maya groups. Although it has not remained unchanged since pre-Columbian times, its characteristics do not show significant modifications and its constituent elements have subsisted through time. Its transformations have obeyed social, political and historical processes; this demonstrate the capacity of adaptation of the Maya people of Guatemala. At present the Cholq'ij is the axis of references and endogenous cultural proposals. This paper describes some of its main characteristics and constituent elements. In adition, we explain the way that this calendar is understood, transmitted, systematized and used among the Mayan people from the highlands of Guatemala. Likewise, we discuss on its scope and contemporary applications.
MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF PLACENTA IN WOMEN WITH LATE PRETERM BIRTH
Authors: Kondakova L. I , Shatilova Yu. A , Fedorenko S. V. , Yarygin O. A , Zagrebin V. L , Zharkin N. A
Published: June 2020

The study revealed pathomorphological changes in the placenta in late preterm birth from 34 weeks to 36 weeks and 6 days. Late preterm birth is accompanied by morphostructural changes in the placental tissue, manifested by involutive-dystrophic changes, impaired maturation of chorionic villi as well as the presence of compensatory-adaptive reactions.
The structuration of Russian society in the 19th and early 20th century (based on the works of domestic researchers)
Authors: Belyaeva Lyudmila A.
Published: June 2020

This article represents the first stage of a research project dedicated to analyzing the structuration of Russian society throughout the period since the mid 1800’s and until this day. The timeline for part one includes the period up until 1917, while part two will be dedicated to Soviet and post-Soviet times. This article utilizes the methodology of A. Giddens, who suggested using the term “structuration” in order to analyze social relationships in space and time. This methodology implies examining structuration processes through the lens of those studies which were conducted during periods when radical shifts were occurring within the structure of Russian society. The main event which defined the direction for social change turned out to be the emancipation of the serfs in the Russian Empire, which lead to shifts in the population’s structure: accelerated development of a working class, social transformations in the village, and the advancement of internal migration in Russia. The article shows that in Russia these processes were accompanied by science, which included official agencies conducting population censuses, studying the composition and working conditions at factories and plants (this function was carried out by plant and manufactory inspectorates), as well as studies conducted by scientists and practitioners. The works of Nikolai Kalachov, N. Flerovsky, Evgeny Pogozhev, Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovskyi and others aided in developing detailed social characteristics of workers and their position in the structure of society and at work. Studying the village (and consequently the largest social class – the peasants) was the prerogative of provincial councils. Comprehensive monographic studies were conducted by Piotr Semionov, Vassily Pokrovsky, Vassily Orlov, Piotr Chervinsky, Fedor Shcherbina, as well as other researchers. The article shows that the population’s structuration at the turn of the century in regards to the territorial aspect depended on resettlement and internal migration to a significant degree. Remarkable studies of this process were conducted by Denis Davydov, Evgeny Anuchin, Isaac Hourwich, Ivan Yamzin and other Russian scientists. Aside from scientists, practitioners also took part in these studies. The Russian intelligentsia actively partook in field research. The educated class’ efforts made it possible to attain valuable data on society’s structure, on the state of social relationships in Russia, migration processes, and the social characteristics of society’s key structural elements – peasants and workers.
Subjective well-being determinants in Russia: a regional perspective
Authors: Nemirovskaya Anna V. , Soboleva Natalia E.
Published: June 2020

This article reveals that, despite Russian regions being very different from each other when it comes to a great many socio-economic and socio-cultural properties (population income level and living standards, various features of the socio-cultural environment, social optimism, degree of religiosity and so on), those who live in regions far removed from the capital cities, given their lower level of personal income, tend to be more satisfied with their lives and demonstrate a higher level of social wellbeing, according to data from various sociological surveys. Based on empirical data, the authors argue that material aspects are not the only factors which affect subjective wellbeing in any given region. The goal of the study is to analyze the differentiation in the level of subjective wellbeing of the population of various Russian regions, which implies identifying and comparatively analyzing those factors which help interpret these differences. The primary research method is regression analysis of data from sociological surveys conducted in 2012 using the World Values Survey method in nine regions and towns of federal significance: Moscow, Saint- Petersburg, Leningrad Province, Tambov, Tatarstan Republic, Chuvashia Republic, the Altai Krai, Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, Bashkortostan Republic. The analysis showed that there is indeed a connection between one’s personal income level and their subjective wellbeing, while there is no such connection between one’s subjective wellbeing and how wealthy their region is. This could be explained by the fact that people are more concerned with their personal income level than their region’s income. Aside from income level, there are other factors which determine subjective wellbeing in any given region. Moscow is considered to be the wealthiest region, however, it also has the highest level of income inequality. Both individual income and income level in comparison to the reference group considerably affect respondents’ subjective wellbeing, regardless of their region of residence. However, individual income has a stronger influence. That said it is in Moscow where subjective evaluation of one’s income level and satisfaction with one’s material status affect subjective wellbeing to the greatest extent, which is due to the fact that in Moscow both living standards and one’s sense of subjective inequality are somewhat higher. The influence of other socio-demographic factors also varies from region to region. For the most part this study confirms Ronald Inglehart’s concept of material factors playing a significant role in subjective wellbeing.
Social determinants in organizing government strategic management
Authors: Kornilovich Vladimir A.
Published: June 2020

The author of this article relies on the premise that strategic management is the highest function of any government, with it being implemented by government bodies through a system of government strategic planning, as well as a specific type of administrative activity – developing and executing strategies, as well as national projects and programs. In essence strategies are normatively burdened formalized priorities, goals and tasks associated with the development of Russia and its regions in the long term. These strategies are meant to be an effective means of implementing relevant government policy, to serve as a source of compromise for society and to ensure purposeful action when it comes to a multitude of social subjects cooperating with each other in order to attain the results in mind. You can tell that there is a problem in organizing government strategic management by the fact that we are dealing with a constant increase in territorial disproportions in the socio-economic, socio-cultural development of Russia’s cities and regions, as well as the population’s indifference towards strategies, federal and regional projects. Among the factors which limit government bodies’ capacity to execute plans for social development is a multitude of various systems of social management in place on a regional and municipal level which do not allow for implementing linear correlations when it comes to administration. Furthermore, internal determination is a factor in developing territorially localized communities, which is when the behavior of any given social group is defined not so much by external factors or administrative pressure, but rather by the actual nature of internal relationships, by recollection of past situations, rules of cooperation for social subjects, life plans and life strategies of individuals and social groups. Solving the problem of organizing government strategic planning systems and ensuring control over the course of Russian society’s development is linked, in the author’s opinion, to revealing those social factors and phenomena which define how appropriate certain innovations are for any given local community, figure out whether the planned results are achievable on a regional level, and to choosing such methods of administrative pressure that the social group in question will be susceptible to. Based on the empirical data, the author of this article argues that there is a connection between the population’s attitude towards the system of government strategic management and a region’s level of development (according to Nikolai Lapin’s classification), while insisting that the differentiation of regions based on their level of modernization is vital information when it comes to differentiating structures and functions of government bodies in regards to strategic planning and choosing regulative mechanisms (from management and handling resources to normative-value and institutional management).
Strategic partnership: characterizing an important political phenomenon
Authors: Andreev Andrey L.
Published: June 2020

This is an article on the phenomenon of strategic partnership, which is understood to be a special type of geopolitical and geo-economic cooperation, which, in the author’s opinion, might become a fundamental element of the current globalized world’s composition in the very near future. A general characteristic is given to the theoretical underpinnings of the issue, which brings us to the fact that there are no concrete definitions for the term “strategic partnership”, as well as no criteria that would allow for separating the scientific perception of the term from its purely decorative application in political discourse. The author insists that each and every specific strategic partnership is developed and sustained based on a unique combination of supporting factors, and as a result the study of such processes requires using the appropriate individualized (ideographical) methods. The article offers an example in the form of analyzing one of the most telling cases of this sort – the genesis and development of strategic partnership relations between Russia and India. This study examines the emergence of “special relations” between the two nations, which have deep historical roots, while analyzing the specific profile of this relationship during the time of British dominion, and looking into the process of establishing contacts between intellectual circles. Considerable focus is dedicated to these relations turning into bilateral political cooperation after India declaring its independence, and to the dynamic of said cooperation. Based on the experience of Russia and India, certain general conditions for building strategic partnerships are formulated. While analyzing the future prospects of the strategic partnership between the Russian Federation and India, the author considers the geopolitical significance of the “Moscow-Deli- Peking” triangle, as well as the potential it bears in terms of transforming Eurasia into a territorial entity tied together by large-scale infrastructural and environmental protection projects.
En memoria del Prof. Dr. Carlos David Santamaría Ochoa (1957-2020)
Authors: Catalán-Matamoros Daniel
Published: June 2020

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Women's Work and The Library: Ideological Shaping of the Academic Librarian as the Alt-academic
Authors: Eva Revitt
Published: June 2020

Overwhelmingly, librarians working at Canadian universities are considered academic staff, if not faculty. However, the role and fit of the academic librarian within the academic enterprise is overshadowed and frequently misunderstood. As alt-academics, librarians' expertise and contribution to the university's academic mission is often sidelined: the nature of the work too frequently viewed through an organizational rather than an academic lens and characterized as preoccupied with a structured set of regularized responsibilities. Drawing on the findings of my doctoral research, an institutional ethnography of librarians' work experiences as academic staff, this article argues that social relations such as those that construct work value are historically rotted and ideologically determined. I propose that our speech, text, and talk, indeed our social consciousness, is permeated by two ideological codes—women's work and the library—that structure librarians' labour in a particular way. Ultimately, I link the devaluation of librarians' work to the necessary gendered exploitation of labour that happens within a capitalist mode of production.