bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examination of teeth in Lower and Upper Jaw Fracture Lines of Children Aged <12 Years Admitted to Bahonar Hospital, Kerman, Iran
Authors:   Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran., Noorbakhsh Amir Abbas , Kimiaiy Talab Mahsa ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background and Aim: The most concern about children with head and face trauma is the effects of the trauma and the treatment on their growth considering the possibility that the teeth in different stages of evolution that are adjacent to the fracture line, have different prognosis in growth and deformity. The present study examines the situation of the teeth around fracture lines in order to check the effects of the trauma on the mentioned teeth. Methods and Materials: Complete information of 28 under 12 years old patients with jaw fracture that were admitted in the Bahonar hospital from 2010 until 2016, was extracted from files and Teeth adjacent to fracture line were clinically evaluated. Panoramic graphs that were taken instantly after the surgery and in the next 6 to 24 months period were inspected. The information examined in the panoramic graphs contained the level of internal and external erosion pathological lesion, and growth rate of teeth adjacent to the fracture line. Ethical Considerations: This article was ethically approved by ethical committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences (ethical code: IR.KMU.REC.1396.1398). Result: 60/7 percent of the fractures were occurred in the lower jaw which in 67/9 percent of the times were treated by internal fixation and 10/7 were treated by Open Fracture Reduction. 89/3 percent of cases were free of pathological lesion. In 78/6 percent of cases change in color and in 71/4 percent of cases dental necrosis was not observed. 82/1 percent of the teeth had reached full growth. Conclusion: Most of the teeth adjacent to the fracture line had reached full growth and lacked pathological, color change, root deformation and loose teeth problems and there was no Difference in Open Fracture Reduction and internal fixation.
Proposing Strategic Planning to Control COVID-19 and other Contagious Diseases
Authors:   Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch, Gorgan, Iran., Soodagar Hamidreza , FarhadiMahalli Ali ,   Department of Management, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch, Gorgan, Iran., Rezaei Hamideh ,   Department of Management, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan Branch, Shirvan, Iran., Es'haqgh-pour Rezaee Mousa Reza ,   Department of Humanities, Faculty of English, Payame Noor University, Bojnourd Branch, Bojnourd, Iran.
Published: March 2022

N/A
The effect of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on self-efficacy of pregnant women in adapting to normal vaginal delivery
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Modarres Maryam , Emamgholi Sahar ,   MA, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Rahimi Sohail ,   PhD of Psychology, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Cognitive therapy training reduces the negative thoughts of pregnant women and increases the likelihood adapting to normal delivery. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mindfullness based cognitive therapy on the self-efficacy of pregnant women in adapting to with normal vaginal delivery. Method: This research was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study with a control group. The statistical population includes all pregnant women reffering to Kamali Hospital and Karaj Health centers affiliated to the Alborz University of Medical Sciences from January 2020 to July 2020 and the sample includes 80 pregnant women who selected by purposeful sampling method. Both groups completed the CBSEI-Standard Birth self-efficacy questionnaire before and immediately after the intervention. Data analyzed with Covariance by SPSS-25. Results: The mean self-efficacy for delivery adjustment increased from 2.99 in the pre-test to 3.08 in the post-test in the control group and in the intervention group from 1.92 to 4.06. After the intervention, a statistically significant increase was observed in the mean score of self-efficacy in coping with normal delivery in pregnant women in the intervention group (P<0.05) and the effect of the intervention was 0.379. Conclusion: Cognitive therapy based Mindfulness training increased the self- efficacy of pregnant women in adapting to normal vaginal delivery.
Comparing the discrepancy between mutual information of electroencephalogram electrodes in schizophrenia: a classification problem
Authors:   Ph.D, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran., Goshvarpour Atefeh , Goshvarpour Ateke ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Evaluation of the electroencephalogram of schizophrenic patients has been the subject of many recent studies. However, accurate diagnosis of schizophrenia using the electroencephalogram is still a challenging issue. Aim: This paper was aimed to investigate the information discrepancy between one brain channel and other electrodes in two groups of schizophrenic patients and healthy individuals. Furthermore, the capability of the extracted features in the problem of classification of the two groups was investigated. Method: In the present analytic observational study, 19 channels of the electroencephalogram of 14 patients with schizophrenia (7 males with an average age of 27.9 ± 3.3 years and 7 females with a mean age of 28.3 ± 4.1 years), who were hospitalized at the Institute of Psychiatry and Neurologists in Warsaw, Poland, were used. In addition, data from 14 healthy individuals (7 males and 7 females with an average age of 26.8 ± 2.9 and 28.7 ± 3.4 years, respectively) were analyzed as a control group. Cross information potential and Cauchy-Schwartz mutual information between each electroencephalogram electrode and all the other electrodes were calculated. Using two strategies, the performance of the support vector machine was evaluated: (1) the mutual information of an electroencephalogram channel with other channels, and (2) the combination of the mutual information of all brain channels. Results: The results showed that using mutual information between electroencephalogram channels, the diagnosis accuracy increases up to 100%. For both indices, the mutual information between O2 and the other channels provided the highest classification performance. Conclusion: These results nominated the proposed system as a superior one compared to the state-of-the-art electroencephalogram schizophrenia diagnosis tools.
The effectiveness of meta-emotion combined therapy on reducing anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance in women with postpartum depression
Authors:   Ph.D Student of Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran., Daryadel Seyed Javad , Mikaeili Niloufar ,   Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran, Molavi Parviz ,   Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Postpartum depression has an effect on reducing maternal attachment and family relationships and can be a threat to the safety and well-being of mother, infant and other children. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of meta-emotion combined therapy on anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance in women with postpartum depression. Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with two-group pretest-posttest method. The statistical population of the study was all women referring to Golestan Health Center in Ardabil in the years 2018-19. Sampling method was available. Using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, 40 subjects (20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group) were selected. Then, for the experimental group, meta-emotion combined therapy protocol was performed during 12 sessions and the results were analyzed based on experimental avoidance and anxiety sensitivity scales using covariance statistical method using SPSS software version 18. Results: The results showed that the mean scores of post-test anxiety sensitivity and experimental avoidance in the experimental group were lower than the control group. In other words, meta-emotion combined therapy on reducing anxiety sensitivity (F=129.89, P=0.001>0.05) and experimental avoidance (F=229.10, P=0.001>0.05) is effective. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the meta-emotion combined therapy, through emotion regulation and reduction of negative emotions, is an effective therapeutic approach in reducing anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance in women with postpartum depression.
Severity of personality disorder symptom in parents of children with autistic disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and normal control
Authors:   MSc, Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran., Babaei Aghdam Mahsa , Amiri Shahrokh ,   Professor, Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Moheb Naeimeh ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran., Abdi Salman ,   MSc, Road Traffic Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Parents problems can not only lead to the occurrence or aggravation of their childrens disorders, but also affect their childrens psychological problems. Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare personality disorder symptom in parents of children with autism disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal control. Method: This is a cross-sectional study. The population of this study included all parents of children with autism and ADHD from Tabriz City in year 2020. 130 parents of children with autism, 170 parents of children with ADHD were selected available sampling method and were mached with 273 parents of normal control. All the clinical assessment of autism, ADHD and comorbidities were conducted by child and adolescent psychiatrists. The severity of personality disorder symptom were assessed by Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III). Kruskal-Wallis test using SPSS version 26 software was used for data analysis. Results: According to results of Kruskal-Wallis test, the mean ranking of personality disorders in the three groups respectively were parents of children with autism> parents of children with ADHD> control parents were (p<0.01). Conclusion: Parents of children with autism suffer from higher vulnerability than symptoms of personality disorders compared to parents of children with ADHD. Additional studies are needed to make clinical interventions in parents appropriate to childrens mental disorders.
Psychological well-being: the role of self-differentiation, Alexithymia and ego-strength
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, University of Qom, Qom, Iran, Abdi Zarrin Sohrab , Nikkhah Siruei Zahra ,   M.A, Department of Psychology, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Psychological well-being as a component of positive psychology is associated with a variety of personal and family factors in psychology such as self-differentiation, Alexithymia and ego strength. Aim: This study was aimed to investigate on prediction of psychological well-being based on self-differentiation, Alexithymia and ego strength in students in Islamic Azad University in Qom city. Method: Its method was descriptive and type of correlation. The statistical community included all students in Islamic Azad University in Qom city in academic year of 2016-2017, that 350 students (195 male and 155 female) were chose by cluster sampling method. Gathering data tool included Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI), Alexithymia Scale, 4 factors of Catell's Sixteen Factors Personality Inventory, and Ryff Psychological Well-being Questionnaire. Data analyzed by using of SPSS-26 software with Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariable regression analysis. Results: Findings showed that self-differentiation, Alexithymia and ego strength could predict 25/38 variance of psychological well-being (P<0.001). Also there was direct correlation between psychological well-being with self-differentiation and ego strength, and was negative correlation with Alexithymia (P<0.001). Conclusion: With attention to results the role of self-differentiation, Alexithymia and ego strength in prediction of psychological well-being were important. It can be indicate that high levels of self-differentiation and ego strength, and low level of Alexithymia were salient in shaping of psychological well-being, and with diagnosing and improvement in selfdifferentiation, Alexithymia and ego strength can expect to promotion in psychological wellbeing in students.
Comparatively, interpret the family drawings test for normal and divorced children as well as orphans and abandoned (9 to 14 years old) with an emphasis on the study of anxiety, depression, and aggression
Authors:   M.Sc, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Amol, Iran, Abedin Shima , Heydari Shima ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Amol, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: For childrens mental health, different levels of family environment dysfunction are considered as risk factors. Aim: The aim of the study was to comparatively interpret the family drawings test for normal and divorced children as well as orphans and abandoned (9 to 14 years old) with an emphasis on the study of anxiety, depression, and aggression. Method: The present study was causal-comparative research. The statistical population included children aged 9 to 14 years from normal families, children of divorce, orphans, and abandoned in Tehran. The sample size consisted of 50 normal and 50 children from the other three groups who were determined based on the purposive assignment method and available sampling. For collecting the data, the Buss and Perry's Aggression Questionnaire, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, Child Depression Inventory, and also the Corman family Drawing test were used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 through analysis of variance and multiple comparisons (Scheffe). Results: Findings showed that there is a high correlation between the scores of the anxiety index, depression, and aggression of children with the scores of these variables in the children's drawing test (P=0.000) on the other hand, the results of analysis of variance and Scheffe test showed that there was a significant difference between normal children and divorced children as well as orphans and abandoned (P=0.000, F=581.870) and the level of anxiety, depression, and aggression of abandoned children (196.15), orphaned children (186.69) and divorced children (174.55) was more than normal children (111.94). Conclusion: According to the interpretation of the tests, it can be concluded that children from divorced as well as orphans and abandoned children are more depressed, anxious, and aggressive than normal children and regarding these components, abandoned children were worse off than orphans and divorced children.
Investigation into effects of Lumosity on working memory, visual Memory and executive functions among the elderly
Authors:   MSc, Department of Psychology, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran, Mam Khezri Azad , Mikaeli Manieh Farzaneh ,   Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Lumosity is a computer game for enhancing and improving the memory and brain efficiency of the elderly. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Lumosity on working memory, visual memory, and executive functions of the elderly living in nursing homes. Method: The present was an experimental study based on a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population consisted of all the elderly aged 65-70 years living in nursing homes of Bukan, in 2019. Some of them who were able to read and write were selected as the sample by using purposive sampling and then they were randomly assigned to the control and test groups. In this study, the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) were employed for measuring working memory, executive functions, and visual memory, respectively. The data were finally analyzed by the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS-24. Results: The results showed that Lumosity was effective in working memory (F=18.856, P=0.001), visual memory (F=7.97, and p=0.009), and executive functions (F=9.94, p=0.004) at the 95% level of confidence. The results also indicated that there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest mean of the studied variables, revealing the positive effects of Lumosity on working memory, visual memory, and executive functions of the participants. Conclusion: Since the use of computer games, including Lumosity, can improve major cognitive functions, such as executive functions and memory, such games are recommended to be applied in nursing homes for rehabilitating the elderly.
Investigate the relationship between social and emotional loneliness, fear of negative evaluation, thought suppression, and mindfulness with mediating self-concealment
Authors:   Master of Educational Psychology, Department of Educational Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Khoozestan, Iran., Mansoory Nezhad Razieh , Abdollahi Nayere ,   Master of Family Counseling, Department of Family Counseling, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Khoozestan, Iran., Mahmoodi Tayebeh ,   Ph. D Student of Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran., Abdolrasooli Leila ,   Master of Educational Psychology, Department of Educational Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Khoozestan, Iran., Zargar Yadollah ,   Associate Professor, Department of Counseling, Hazrat-e Masoumeh University, Qom, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Loneliness is the most painful experience of all human experiences that leads to severe psychological and physical problems. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social and emotional loneliness, fear of negative evaluation, thought Suppression, and mindfulness with mediating self-concealment in students of the Shahid Charmin University of Ahvaz. Method: The research design is correlational and structural equations. The study population included all students of Shahid Charmin University of Ahvaz in the academic year of 2016-2017, 200 of them were selected as the research sample and answered the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI), the brief version of the fear of negative evaluation scale (FNES), the short version of the social and emotional loneliness scale (SELSA-S) and self-conceal scale (SCS). Data analysis was performed using AMOS and SPSS software version 20 and Pearson correlation, path analysis, and bootstrap statistical methods. Results: The fit indices of the model including RMSEA=0.01, NFI=0.99, CFI=0.99, IFI=0.99, AGFI=0.99, GFI=0.99, which indicate good fit the proposed model. All the indirect effects of fear of negative evaluation with mindfulness and thought Suppression and also social and emotional loneliness with mindfulness and thought Suppression with the mediation of selfconcealment became significant (p≤0.001). Conclusion: Mindfulness reduces social and emotional loneliness, the fear of negative evaluation, thought suppression and self-concealment by accepting feelings and thoughts.
The effectiveness of neurofeedback in reducing attention deficit and aggression in children aged 7-9 years
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran, Yousefi Afrashte Majid , Khanahmady Faezeh ,   M.A, Department of Counseling, Payame Noor University, Qazvin, Iran., Masoumi Samin ,   M.A, Department of Psychology, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder and aggression are two of the most common challenges in children, so it is important to assess effective treatment approaches in this case. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine whether neurofeedback could help children aged 7-9 years pay more attention and be less aggressive. Method: The method of this research was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. In the winter of 2020, among children aged 7-9 years were referred to the Behnoud Child and Adolescent Psychology Clinic in Qazvin for therapeutic therapies, 30 children as a research sample with a definite diagnosis of the disorder were randomly assigned to two categories using a convenience sampling method. The experimental group received neurofeedback therapy twice a week for 2.5 months (20 sessions in total). Children aggression questionnaire (Shahim, 2016) and parent form of Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (Connors& etal, 1999) were used to collect data. To analyze the data, the method of analysis of covariance with spss-26 software was used. Results: The results of analysis of covariance revealed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of attention deficit (P<0.01) and aggression (P<0.01) (overt and relational aggression) in the post-test stage after controlling the pre-test scores. That is, neurofeedback therapy has increased attention and reduced aggression (overt and relational) in children aged 7-9 years. Conclusion: Due to the importance of the findings, the effectiveness of neurofeedback in mitigating attention deficit and aggression may be generalized to all children aged 7-9 years and its use in health centers is suggested to the clinicians.
The role of cognitive flexibility in the generalized anxiety of people with neuroticism
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Arak University, Arak, Iran, Sepahvand Tooraj
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The anxiety is a main aspect of neuroticism that may be related to variables such as cognitive flexibility. Aim: The aim of present research was to explain generalized anxiety in neurotic people based on cognitive flexibility. Method: This research was a correlational design study. The research population consisted of students of Arak University in 2019, from which a sample of 300 people was selected by convenience sampling method. At first, the Neuroticism Scale of NEO-FFI, Brief Scale of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) were administered. Then, 70 participants who had high scores in neuroticism based on the Neuroticism Scale (score of 24 and above) were studied. The data were analyzed using simultaneous multiple regression method, by SPSS software, version 21. Results: The results showed that component of cognitive flexibility predicted approximately 18% of variance in generalized anxiety in people with neuroticism (F=7.141, p<0.001), that perceive the controllability (with a Beta coefficient of -0.417) had a significant role in this prediction, while the cognitive alternatives did not have a significant role. Conclusion: It can be said that perceive the controllability is an important variable in predicting the generalized anxiety of neurotic people that should be seriously considered to moderate their anxiety.
Mental health status of children with cleft palate and lip referred to Shiraz Orthodontic Research Center
Authors:   Lecturer, Department of Anesthesiology, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran., Ghorbanzadeh Maryam , Nasimi Fatemeh ,   Lecturer, Department of Nursing, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazeron, Iran, Norouzitabar Mohammad ,   Master of Information Technology, Payame Noor University of Assaluyeh, Assaluyeh International University, Bushehr, Iran., Agahi Raha Habib ,   Dentist, Orthodontic Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Zarei Zeynab ,   Nurse, Orthodontic Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Kalkate Zahra ,   Speech Therapist, Orthodontic Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Children with cleft lip and palate have a wide range of emotional and social problems and low self-esteem from birth these problems affect the child's mental function. Aim: The aim of this study was to assessment the psychological and social status of children with cleft lip and palate referred to orthodontic research center in Shiraz. Method: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 60 children with cleft lip and palate referred to Shiraz Orthodontic Research Center in 2018. Samples were selected easily and nonrandomly from those referred to the Orthodontic Research Center. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Which evaluates children's problems and abilities; Completed by parents. Finally, data analysis was performed with SPSS software version 21. Descriptive indices (central and dispersion) and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean total score of problems (Hyperactivity and behavioral problems, emotional symptoms, altruistic behavior) of children with cleft lip and palate was 7.61± 1.50; Which was average in mental health. All indicators of ability and problems are significant difference between the groups of cleft palate, cleft lip and cleft palate (P<0.001). Conclusion: Early evaluations and timely intervention in cleft lip and palate children increase families awareness of the rehabilitation process.
The effectiveness of computerized training of visual-motor skills on visual- motor skills children with Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors:   MA, Department of Psychology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran., Kermani Ali , Basharpoor Sajjad ,   Professor, Department of Psychology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran., Narimani Mohammad ,   Professor, Department of Psychology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders. An important subset of these children faces motor problems, including motor skills and motor coordination. Aim: The present study was performed in order to investigate the effectiveness of computerized training of visual- motor skills on visual- motor skills of children with Attention Deficit- Hyperactivity Disorder. Method: The present study was experimental research with a pretest- posttest design and with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all male students with Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder who were studying in the elementary school of Mashhad during the academic year 2019-2020. 30 students were randomly replaced (15 students in experimental group and 15 students in control group) by Connor's Teacher Rating Scales (CTRS). Instruments included a researcher computer game made by Rayapouya based on Cog Pack software, Conner's Teacher Rating Scale (1969), and Test of Visual-Motor Skills - third edition (TVMS-3). Data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance in the SPSS-23 software environment. Results: The research findings indicated that computerized training of visual- motor skills has been effective in improving visual-motor skills (P<0.01) of children with Attention Deficit- Hyperactivity Disorder and 35.4% of the differences in post-test scores of visual- motor skills are related to computerized training of visual- motor skills (P<0.01). Conclusion: According to the research findings, it seems that computerized training of visualmotor skills is an effective treatment that improves the performance of visual- motor skills.
Predicting quality of marital life based on couples commitment, and empathy in married students of Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch
Authors:   MA, Department of Psychology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran, Alimohammadi Fatemeh , Aghajani Ahmad ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Taleghani Branch, Farhangian University, Qom, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Quality of life includes important characteristics, one of which is the quality of marital life. Aim: The present research aimed to predict quality of marital life based on couples commitment, and empathy. Method: This is a descriptive- correlation study. The statistical population consisted of all married students of Islamic Azad University of Qom Branch in the academic year 2019-2020. In the form of a correlation research project, 160 students were selected as the research sample using multistage cluster sampling method. They completed Marital Quality Scale of Basbi et al (1995), Adams & Jones Marital Commitment Scale (1997) and Empathy Scale of Ghorbani et al (2010). Obtained data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis in SPSS-23 software. Results: The results demonstrated that the quality of marital life is predictable based on the commitment of the couple (t=2.870, B=0.218, P<0.005) and there is a positive and significant correlation between these two variables. The quality of marital life is predictable based on the empathy of couples (t=3.849, B=0.292, P<0.001) and there is a positive and significant correlation between these two variables Conclusion: The general conclusion was that the quality of marital life can be predicted based on the commitment and empathy of them. Therefore it is suggested that Couple- therapists should consider these variables and design appropriate programs, based on them, to improve the quality of life of couples.
Preparation of Persian auditory comprehension test and determining its psychometric properties
Authors:   MSc in Speech and Language Pathology, Speech Therapy Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Aliniaye Asli Pedram
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Various tools are utilized for determining auditory comprehension levels, one of which is the auditory comprehension token test. Since there’s no Persian equivalent for this widely used screening test, in this paper we have adapted it to create a Persian auditory comprehension test. Aim: The purpose of this research was creating an adapted Persian auditory comprehension test and determining its psychometric properties. Method: In the initial phase which was conducted in 2017, a preliminary Persian test was created and its content validity evaluated. To determine the internal stability of results; 188 adults (59 males and 129 females) from Tehran, aged 18-80 were selected. This sampling was conducted using cluster based random selection and each individual was assessed with Persian auditory comprehension tests, mini mental state examination and Wechsler numerical memory subtest. In order to determine the test’s stability, 10 people were reevaluated after a one-week interval. A poisson regression with 0 accumulation was used to investigate the effects of age and education on an individual's performance in the Persian auditory comprehension test. Results: The Persian auditory comprehension test was created with 36 questions and a total score of 36. Content validity based on Lawshe and test-retest reliability of the test were respectively calculated as 1 and 0.96 (with P<0.05). The tests grades have 34.8 mean and 1.52 variance. The mean of age, education and mini-mental status tests score of participants were respectively 32.97, 13.95 and 29.22. At last, the distribution of the tests total score had left skewness and accumulation in the score of 36. Conclusion: Based on the results, the Persian auditory comprehension test’s validity and stability are reasonable and it can be considered an accurate and appropriate tool for evaluating auditory comprehension in adults and performance of people with central nervous system disabilities.
The effectiveness of couple therapy based on emotional intelligence components on reducing marital conflicts and increasing adjustment of divorce applicant couples
Authors:   PhD Student, Department of Psychology, Imam Ali University, Tehran, Iran., Panahifar Sajjad , Momeni Aria ,   PhD Student, Department of Psychology, Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Divorce, as a phenomenon that challenges the cohesion of the family, is one of the most important causes of tension and pressure. Aim: The current study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of couple therapy based on emotional intelligence components on reducing marital conflict and increasing adjustment of divorce applicant couples in Khorramabad. Method: The current study was a quasi-experimental study with a control group among the divorce applicant couples in Khorramabad in 2018. 18 couples (36 people) were voluntarily selected and randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups. The experimental group underwent ten sessions of couple therapy based on emotional intelligence components; nonetheless, the control group did not receive any interventions. Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i), Baratti and Sanai Marital conflict inventory, and Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS) were used in this study. The data analysis was conducted via covariance analysis method through SPSS software. Results: The results showed the effectiveness of couple therapy based on emotional intelligence components on reducing marital conflicts (f=72.124, Eta=0.976, P=0.0001), increasing adjustment (f=35.741, P=0.001, Eta=0.816) of divorce applicant couples. In other words, the marital compatibility of couples who received couple therapy based on emotional intelligence components to the control group who did not receive any treatment and their marital conflicts also decreased significantly. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that couple therapy based on emotional intelligence components in the workplace with divorce applicants can be effective in promoting emotional intelligence components as well as increasing awareness and mutual understanding and ultimately lower risk of divorce And marital conflicts.
Prediction of decisional procrastination based on fear of failure, self-compassion and intolerance of uncertainty in students
Authors:   MSc, Department of Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mansouri Kamyar , Ashouri Ahmad ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Gharraee Banafsheh ,   Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Farahani Hojjatollah ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Decisional procrastination refers to a maladaptive pattern of postponing a decision when faced with conflicts and choices. Aim: This study aims to investigate the role of fear of failure, self-compassion and intolerance of uncertainty in predicting decisional procrastination among the students. Method: This is a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population included the students educating at the Master’s level in Tehran, in 2019-2020. In total, 440 students were selected using convenience sampling method and the informed consent form was obtained from them. The participants completed the questionnaire of Decisional Procrastination, Fear of Failure, Self-compassion and Intolerance of Uncertainty. The statistical data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 24.0) as well as the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and multiple regression methods. Results: CCA results indicated there was a significant correlation between the decisional procrastination and variables of fear of failure, self-compassion and intolerance of uncertainty among the students (P<0.001). Also, results of regression analysis revealed that 32% of the variance of the decisional procrastination variable could be predicted by predictor variables of fear of failure, self-compassion and intolerance of uncertainty. Conclusion: Considering the role of decisional procrastination in wasting time, poor performance and increased stress and the impact of fear of failure, self-compassion and intolerance of uncertainty on decisional procrastination, it is necessary to pay more attention to this issue.
The prevalence of Cyberchondria during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A cross-sectional study among a sample of Students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Authors:   Msc, Department of Clinical Psychology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Heshmati Khatereh , Reisi Sajjad ,   Msc, Department of Clinical Psychology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Taheri Amir Abbas ,   Phd in Rehabilitation Counseling, Department of Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Lotfi Mohsen ,   Msc, Department of Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran., Kheirabadi Zohreh ,   Msc, Department of Psychology, Branch Shahroud, Islamic Azad University, Shahroud, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Nowadays, the Internet and cyberspace play an important role in obtaining medical information. Many people on the Internet are looking for various information about diseases and their side effects. Aim: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of Cyberchondria among medical students in Kermanshah. Method: The present study was conducted using the descriptive-cross-sectional method. The population was all students of the University of Medical Sciences in Kermanshah in 2020. The sample of the current study included 372 students (206 males and 166 females) who were selected by convenience sampling method. The instrument used was a short form of Cyberchondria severity. Furthermore, SPSS statistical software version 25 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive indices of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Fisher's exact test, Chi-square, inferential indices of independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance test, and Scheffe test were utilized in this research. Results: The results of independent t-test showed that there is a significant difference in the total score of Cyberchondria (P=0.019) between men and women and, women reported higher rates of cyberchondria. In terms of prevalence, most students were in the moderate range of Cyberchondria (74.46%), and the prevalence of severe Cyberchondria status of the participants was estimated at 13.97%. Conclusion: Since medical students in hospitals face various clients and different symptoms, they use the Internet a lot to obtain information in the field of medicine. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that Cyberchondria has a relatively high prevalence among medical students.
Developing a structural model of the relationship between sensation seeking and adolescent internet addiction: the mediating role of self-empowerment
Authors:   Ph.D Student in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran., Chaboki Seyed Aziz , Belyad Mohammad Reza ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran., Kakavand Ali Reza ,   Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Imam Khomeini International University, Ghazvin, Iran, Tajeri Biuok ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran., Zam Fatemh ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The increasing demand for computer technology and the widespread influence of the internet has left many people, particularly students, with mental disorders and problems in social connections caused by computer addition. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-empowerment in the relationship between sensation seeking and adolescent internet addiction. Method: This descriptive study has used structural modeling. The study's statistical population included all high school students in Karaj in 2018-2019, from whom 310 students were selected by purposive sampling and completed the Arndt Inventory of Sensation Seeking (AISS), Young Internet Addiction Test, and Psychosocial Inventory of Ego Strength (PIES). The collected data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and Sobel test using SPSS23 and AMOS23. Results: According to the results, the direct effect of sensation seeking and self-empowerment on the students internet addiction was significant at a 95% confidence level (p<0.05). The results also indicated an indirect relationship between sensation seeking and the students internet addiction mediated by their self-empowerment at a 95% confidence level (p<0.05). In general, the results of the models showed a good fit for all research scales. Conclusion: In conclusion, paying attention to the enhancement of individuals belief in their ego strength can reduce the likelihood of high-risk behaviors and consequently prevent the adverse effects of adolescent internet addiction through psychological well-being. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the role of sensation seeking and self-empowerment to prevent internet addiction.
The effect of neurotherapy on the rate of learning disabilities in primary school students
Authors:   Master of Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Dehghani Firouzabadi Batoul Sadat , Dehghani Firouzabadi Mohammad Hossein ,   Master of Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Mirhosseini Hamid ,   Assistant Professor, Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Sadeghpoor Moradi Zohreh ,   Master of Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Learning disabilities are among the most common problems of children that can seriously damage the present and future life of a child if they are not diagnosed and treated timely. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of neurotherapy on the rate of learning disabilities in students who suffer from this disorder. Method: A quasi-experimental research method with a one-group pretest-posttest design was used. The statistical population of the study consisted of all children with learning disabilities who referred to Imam Hossein (AS) clinic of Yazd (as a clinic affiliated to the Education Organization) in 2017, out of which 23 students were selected using a convenience sampling method. Patients underwent neurotherapy for ten sessions. The tools used in the study included the Colorado Learning Disability Questionnaire (Wilcott et al., 2011) and Quantitative Electroencephalography. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (paired t-test) by SPSS Version 20. Results: The results showed that neurotherapy led to a decrease in the mean total score of learning disorders. As the significance level of paired t-test (p≤0.05) was less than 0.05, it could be said that reading disorders, social cognition problems, social anxiety, spatial and mathematical difficulties in students have significant differences in the pre-test and post-test. Conclusion: According to the results, neurotherapy can be used as a method for the treatment of reading disorders, social cognition problems, social anxiety, and spatial and mathematical difficulties, and it can improve learning disabilities.
Predicting desire for marriage based on interpersonal problems mediated by love attitudes
Authors:   M.A, Department of Counseling, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran., Saqqezi Ayyob , Mohammadian Mohsen Gol ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran., Hojjatkhah Seyed Mohsen ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Family experts always consider paying attention to the factors that affecting marriage as the most important choice in one's life. Aim: The aim of present study was to predict marriage tendency based on interpersonal problems mediated by love attitude in students. Method: The research was fundamental in terms of purpose and in terms of methods was a structural equation modeling. Population included all female students of Sanandaj Universities in the academic year of 2018-2019. 360 female students chosen by quota non-random sampling method. Instruments were Marriage Desire Questionnaire (MDQ), Interpersonal Problems Questionnaire (IIP-32) and Love Attitude Scale (LAS). Data analyzed by mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling using SPSS-25 and AMOS- 24 software. Results: Result showed that The direct path of interpersonal problems (-0.16), romantic love (0.30) and selfless love (0.19) to marriage tendency were significant. Also direct path of interpersonal problems (0.40 and 0.30) to romantic and friendly love, Indirect paths of interpersonal problems were significant (p<0.05). Marriage tendency mediating of romantic (- 0.10) and friendly love (-0.02). The path of friendly love to marriage tendency (0.01) and the direct path of interpersonal problems (-0.04) to sacrificial love and indirect path of interpersonal problems to marriage tendency with mediating sacrificial love (-0.002) were not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: In whole according to finding Romantic and friendly love able to moderate the damage caused by interpersonal problems and motivates the person to marriage.