bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International Currency and Commodity Market
Authors:   Professor, Faculty of Management Studies, Jain (deemed-to-be University), Bangalore, Rao Dr. Batani Raghavendra
Published: September 2024

The International Currencies and Commodities are an important part of international trade. The support trade, capital and economic stability. These transactions lead to the exchange of money and goods, affecting international trade policies and business strategies. The financial market or foreign exchange market is the largest and most popular financial market where currency is traded 24/7 according to the exchange rate determined by the quality of supply and demand, geographical conditions and market indicators. Stock market involve the buying and selling of physical commodities such as oil, gold, agricultural products and metals, where the prices are driven by the factors such as weather, crisis, business and commercial factors. Through this research, we come to know about the international currency market, participants, global exchanges, commodity traders in the market and the relationship between the commodity and currency markets. This paper will help the participants to gain insights on elements affecting both the currency market and commodity market. The purpose of this study is to analyse and understand the foreign exchange market, including its structure, players, important drivers, trading processes, and graphical tools for technical analysis. This paper seeks to provide the participants with the knowledge to navigate the forex market and commodity market more efficiently.
Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) Using NS2: A Comparative Study of AODV, DSR, and DSDV
Authors:   Automotive IT Infrastructure, Detroit, USA, Patel Suraj
Published: September 2024

MANET stands for Mobile Adhoc Network also called a wireless Adhoc network or Adhoc wireless network that usually has a routable networking environment on top of a Link Layer ad hoc network. A MANET can be defined as an autonomous system of nodes or MSs(also serving as routers) connected by wireless links, the union of which forms a communication network modeled in the form of an arbitrary communication graph. The characteristics of an ad-hoc network can be explored on the base of routing protocols. Simulation can be defined as “Imitating or estimating how actions might happen in a real situation”. It can engage in the complex mathematical modeling, combinations and role playing without the aid of technology. The value deceit in the pacing you under realistic conditions that modify as a result of behavior of others involved, so you cannot expect the sequence of events or the final result. For this purpose we first study and explain these protocols and then we use the Network Simulator – 2.35 (NS2) tool and analysis the performance metrics Packet Delivery ratio, End to End delay, Throughput and Residual Energy. Keywords: Ad-hoc Network, DSDV, NS2, AODV, DSR, Routing Protocols.
The Economic Impact of Hypermarkets on Micro- Retailers: Driving Business Transformation in a Competitive Marketplace with Special Reference to Hosur
Authors:   St.Francis de Sales College (Autonomous), Electronic City, Bengaluru., N Shalini , Jayanthi Dr. S. Rosaline ,   St.Francis de Sales College (Autonomous), Electronic City, Bengaluru.
Published: September 2024

The expansion of hypermarkets in India, particularly in growing towns like Hosur, has reshaped the retail landscape, affecting micro- retailers in various ways. As hypermarkets offer convenience, variety, and competitive pricing, micro-retailers struggle to retain their customer base and sustain profitability. This study focuses on understanding the impact of hypermarkets on micro-retailers in Hosur, specifically exploring two key aspects: economic impact, and transformations of micro retailers .The study examines the economic consequences on micro- retailers, including changes in sales, profit margins, and overall business sustainability. Data was collected through surveys conducted with micro-retailers, gathering insights on these aspects. This research contributes to the understanding of the hypermarket-micro-retailer dynamic, highlighting the need for policy interventions and support mechanisms to safeguard the interests of micro-retailers. The study's recommendations provide valuable insights for stakeholders, including policymakers, micro-retailers, and hypermarket operators, to foster a more inclusive and competitive retail environment in Hosur. Ultimately, this research informs business strategies and policy decisions that promote sustainable retail development, ensuring the viability of micro-retailers in the face of hypermarket expansion. Keywords: Business Transformation, Competitive Marketplace, Economic Impact, Hypermarkets, Micro-Retailers
Implementation of Quick Changeover in Garment Manufacturing Units
Authors:   Department of Fashion Technology,  National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT), Chennai, India, Anjanee Dr. Amit Kumar
Published: September 2024

In this fast fashion industry where the order lead time pays a crucial role in getting and executing the order, the concept and tools of Lean Manufacturing become inevitable. Lean manufacturing or lean production, which is often known simply as "Lean", is a production practice that considers the expenditure of resources for any goal other than the creation of value for the end customer to be wasteful, and thus a target for elimination. Working from the perspective of the customer who consumes a product or service, ‘value’ is defined as any action or process that a customer would be willing to pay for.
Scheduling Appointment for Patients’ Using PHP
Authors:   Department of Computer Applications, Nehru college ofManagement, Coimbatore,  Tamilnadu, India., K Dr.Anandan , M Karthikeyan ,   Department of Computer Applications, Nehru college ofManagement, Coimbatore,  Tamilnadu, India.
Published: September 2024

The conventional approach to seeing a specialist would involve going directly to the clinic, making an appointment, and waiting in line to see a specialist. This would require more time and effort from the patient.This web-based application would provide a way to schedule a doctor's appointment online via a website.There will be 2 panels which is user and doctor/admin where the user can book their appointments and the doctor/admin can manage their availability timings,updating the booked appointments and view their scheduled patients.It is likely that doing this would help doctors and patients better manage their time.This paper discusses the creation of a system that increases physician and patient satisfaction. This article describes the architecture of a patient appointment scheduler system that uses MYSQL for the backend, Ajax framework, PHP, and HTML, CSS, and javascript for the frontend.
Employee Leave Management System Using PHP
Authors:   Department of Computer Applications, Nehru college of Management, Coimbatore,  Tamil Nadu, India., S Dr. GNANAPRIYA , S SARAVANA KUMAR ,   Department of Computer Applications, Nehru college of Management, Coimbatore,  Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: September 2024

Worker Leave The directors Framework is a conveyed operation, created to keep up with the craft of representatives working in any association. It keeps up with the data about the individual craft of their workers, likewise the perceptivity concerning the leave status. The operation is created exercising PHP. It's easy to comprehend and can be employed by anybody who is not indeed acquainted with straightforward representatives' frame. It's easy to use and simply requests that the customer follow bit by bit tasks by giving him her couple of choices. It's quick and can perform multitudinous tasks of an association. This programming pack has been created exercising the HTML, CSS, JavaScript and bootstrap at Front End and My SQL Garçon and PHP at Back End. The product is veritably easy to understand. The pack contains colorful modules like Representative, Administrator and Director. Keywords: Leave Policy, Sick Leave, Vacation Leave, Casual Leave
State of play of women's participation in urban governance in greater Lomé, Togo
Authors: Dounwourgue Nagbandjoa , Oyedele Peter , Gbekley Efui Holaly , Aholou Coffi , Kola Edinam
Published: September 2024

Women's participation in urban governance depends on a certain number of factors, including the organization of the territory, the distribution of tasks, the sharing of power and the control of resources. Although women are more involved in urban governance elsewhere, their presence in the sphere of urban power in Greater Lomé is still limited. Hence the problem of the low participation of women in the urban governance of Greater Lomé, both in terms of quantity and quality. This study analyzes the presence of women in urban governance of Greater Lomé. To achieve this, the methodology consisted of carrying out a literature review, followed by semi-structured individual interviews. By sorting the objective variables of the target population (ranging from the level of education to monthly income, including marital status and involvement in municipal governance), 384 respondents were selected including actors of sexes, d different ages and professions. The data was collected from June 2022 to November 2023 on 222 women and 162 men spread across the municipalities of Greater Lomé. This population was made up of municipal councilors of both sexes, municipal secretaries, administrative and technical staff as well as resource people. The interview guide included questions about motivations, barriers, financial resources, and school education. The research results show that the current model of urban governance allows the full participation of women, even if their presence remains marginal due to the challenges, they are not able to meet.
Impact of CBR Value of Soil in Soaked and Unsoaked Conditions Based on 2018 Division 3 Bill Specifications
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Yusuf Parlagutan , Gkrekas Nikolaos
Published: September 2024

Soil is a construction material that is used as embankment to provide better soil bearing capacity and resilience to the soil itself. This research aims to determine the comparison of the CBR value of soil in soaked and unsoaked conditions based on the provisions of the 2018 Directoral of Highways Specifications Division 3.2 regarding embankments. In the research, the CBR results in the soaked condition were 6.15% and the unsoaked CBR was 9.64%. The CBR value requirement based on the 2018 Specifications is a minimum of 6% of the results obtained that meet the requirements for embankment CBR value, where the CBR value in the soaked condition is greater than the unsoaked condition. Based on these results, soaked embankment soil is suitable for use if the soil is compacted under conditions of continuous work, while unsoaked embankment soil can be used after the CBR value meets after the soaking process or a drying period of 4 days (96 hours).
Potential use of Several Fungalendofit Fungus in Rubber Crops (Hevea Brasiliensis) Plant for Healrth Invesment (Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes) in Rubber Plant
Authors: Ginting Sulaiman
Published: September 2024

Rubber is a key plantation commodity in Indonesia, serving as a significant source of non-oil and gas foreign exchange. However, rubber productivity remains low, largely due to inadequate cultivation technology and the impact of pests and diseases. One of the most economically significant diseases affecting rubber plants is deciduous disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which spreads through spores carried by wind and rain. This study was conducted at the Sungei Putih Rubber Research Institute, North Sumatra, from February to June 2019, at an elevation of ± 25 meters above sea level. A factorial randomized block design (RBD) with three replications was employed. The treatments included three types of endophytic fungi (E1, E2, E3) derived from different isolates of PB 260 rubber clones, and four application methods (M0, M1, M2, M3). The observed parameters included latent period, disease occurrence, and disease intensity. The results indicated that the E2M2 treatment, which combined the second endophytic fungus with metabolite application, was the most effective in controlling C. gloeosporioides deciduous disease. This combination resulted in the highest average latent period (3.67%), the lowest disease occurrence (0.03%), and the most effective reduction in disease intensity (17.67% after 12 days). The study demonstrates the potential of specific endophytic fungi and application methods in managing rubber plant diseases, offering insights for improving rubber productivity in Indonesia.
Recent Developments in Automatic Number Plate Detection and Recognition
Authors: Mir Faraz Imtiyaz , Sarkar Nibbritta Niloy , Arora Dr. Yojna , Sharma Dr Avinash Kumar
Published: September 2024

Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) is a mass surveillance system that captures the image of vehicles and recognizes their license numbers. ANPR can be used in the detection of stolen vehicles. The detection of stolen vehicles can be done in an efficient manner by using the ANPR systems located in the highways. This method presents a recognition method in which the vehicle plate image is obtained by the digital cameras and the image is processed to get the number plate information. An image of a vehicle is captured and processed using image pre-processing algorithm. In this context, the number plate area is localized using edge detection method and the characters acquired are segmented using segmentation method. The segmented characters are passed to Optical character reader (OCR) which gives exact characters of the number plate and are stored in database. The image pre-processing is done using Gaussian Blur method, conversion of RGB (Red, Green, Blue) to grayscale, Edge detection using sobel followed by contour detection and license plate is extracted. OCR is run on the Region of Interest (ROI) given by the contour analysis. The OCR provides the vehicle’s num-ber obtained from the number plate and is stored in the database which is used for surveillance and tracking vehicle’s location. The software used in the process is Python version 3 and different python libraries like Tesseract OCR, OpenCV.
AI-Based Analysis and Prediction of Synergistic Development Trends in U.S. Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Shen Qi , Wen Xin , Xia Siwei , Zhou Shuwen , Zhang Haodong
Published: September 2024

This study examines the convergence of the development of photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage in the United States, focusing on using artificial intelligence (AI) for analysis and forecasting. Research examines the current state of PV and energy deployment and reviews the industry, technological advancements, and policy areas. AI applications for forecasting, energy storage optimization, intelligent grid management, and predictive maintenance are widely explored in renewable energy generation. This study shows that AI-driven integration of PV and storage systems can increase the overall efficiency by up to 28% compared to traditional methods. Deep learning techniques, such as neural networks and short-term continuous networks, have demonstrated the uniqueness of energy demand and solar energy forecasting capabilities, enabling more predictability and efficient energy management. Implementing AI-based control strategies in grid operations has resulted in a 45% reduction in power outage time and a 38% reduction in power outage frequency. Business studies show that AI-engineered optimization can reduce energy costs for solar-plus-storage projects by up to 25% by 2030. Research conclusions that are integrating AI, PV, and electronics have revealed a powerful way. For changing the US energy landscape, making progress toward a more efficient, robust, and sustainable energy system. Future research directions and policy implications are further discussed to support the integration of AI in renewable energy systems.
“UNDERSTANDING DUSHI VISHA: CHRONIC POISONING AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN AGAD TANTRA”
Authors: Pandhare Dr. Saurabh , Urade Dr. Rajendra
Published: September 2024

"Dushi Visha: Chronic Poisoning and Its Management in Agad Tantra" explores the concept of slow-acting poisons and their implications in Ayurveda. Dushi Visha, distinct from acute poisons, represents toxins that remain dormant in the body, causing chronic ailments over time. This article delves into the origins, characteristics, and pathways of Dushi Visha, emphasizing its unique ability to evade immediate detection and its cumulative impact on health. The discussion includes an analysis of various sources of Dushi Visha, such as environmental toxins, contaminated food and water, and improper dietary habits. The gradual manifestation of symptoms, often subtle and non-specific, poses a significant challenge in diagnosis. Traditional and contemporary diagnostic approaches are examined, highlighting the relevance of thorough patient history and symptomatology in identifying chronic poisoning. Agad Tantra, a specialized branch of Ayurveda focusing on toxicology, offers a comprehensive framework for managing Dushi Visha. The article reviews classical texts and treatments, presenting a range of detoxification techniques and therapeutic interventions designed to neutralize and eliminate toxins from the body. Emphasis is placed on the role of dietary regulations, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications in supporting detoxification and restoring health.Through a synthesis of ancient wisdom and modern understanding, this article aims to shed light on the enduring relevance of Dushi Visha and the efficacy of Agad Tantra in managing chronic poisoning. The insights provided are intended to enhance awareness and guide practitioners in addressing the challenges posed by slow-acting toxins in today's world.
“MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS THROUGH AYURVED - A CASE STUDY”
Authors: Bawankar Dr. Dayal Sitaram , K Daulatkar Dr. Kavita
Published: September 2024

Cervical Spondylosis is a common age-related condition that affects joints and disk of Cervical Spine. It is a degenerative condition and due to current life-style it is occurring in early to middle aged persons. Cervical osteoarthritis is also known as cervical spondylosis. A 45-year male patient came to my opd with complaint of Pain and Stiffness in the Cervical region since from 2 years, radiating pain to both upper limbs (R>L) since from 1 year and Numbness in right hand specially at night. As he is already diagnosed Cervical Spondylosis since from 2 year ago. MRI report suggest Disc Protrusion C4-C5 level asymmetrical. Ligamentum flavum thickening causing thecal sac indentation and compression of nerve roots. According to Ayurved Cervical Spondylosis can be co-related with Griva stambha, a type of vata vyadhi. Here the presenting case of Cervical Spondylosis which was treated with Panchakarma procedure such as Nasya, Manyabasti, Karma & Yog basti along with shaman aaushadhi. The case study show patient got complete relief in Pain and Stiffness along with numbness in the Cervical region.
“EFFECTIVE AYURVEDIC STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING EKAKUSTHA (PSORIASIS): A SINGLE CASE STUDY”
Authors: Kapgate Dr. Leena , Kumre Dr. Yogesh , Dachewar Dr Archana
Published: September 2024

Ekakustha, known as psoriasis in modern medicine, is a non infectious, chronic inflammatory skin disorder. It is marked by distinct, red plaques covered with silvery scales. These plaques typically appear on the extensor surfaces of the body such as the elbows and knees as well as the scalp. The condition is characterized by its long-term, fluctuating nature, with symptoms that can vary in intensity over time. The disease not only impacts the patient's physical wellbeing but also affects their mental and social health, as the appearance can cause embarrassment. Ekakustha, a type of Kshudrakustha in traditional medicine, presents with symptoms such as aswedanam (lack of perspiration), mahavastu (extensive involvement), yanamastyoshakalalopamam (resembling fish scales), and aruna varna (discoloration). In contemporary terms, it can be likened to psoriasis. This condition is characterized by welldefined, erythematous, scaly plaques, primarily on extensor surfaces. It is classified as an autoimmune disorder. A 64 year-old male presented with itchy, scaly lesions on his legs and was diagnosed with ekakustha, which is comparable to psoriasis. The patient received a combination of sodhana (detoxification) and samana chikitsa (palliative treatment). Remarkably, all symptoms resolved within three months without any adverse drug reaction. This case demonstrates that psoriasis patients can benefit from Ayurvedic treatments.
Impact of prehospital noninvasive mechanical ventilation in acute pulmonary edema: the NIVEMS cohort study
Authors: Solà-Muñoz Silvia , López Àngels , Cousiño Josep Ramon , Doblado Ildefonso , Jiménez-Fàbrega Xavier , Jacob Javier
Published: September 2024

ODUCCIÓN. El edema agudo de pulmón (EAP) es un motivo de asistencia frecuente en los servicios de emergencias prehospitalarios. La aplicación de ventilación mecánica no invasiva (VMNI) prehospitalaria puede mejorar la evolución clínica de estos pacientes de manera precoz. OBJETIVOS. Analizar el impacto de la VMNI sobre los parámetros clínicos en pacientes con EAP a nivel prehospitalario, valorando la evolución de la saturación de oxígeno (SatO2) y la frecuencia respiratoria (FR), comparado con pacientes tratados con oxigenoterapia convencional. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Estudio prospectivo de doble cohorte de pacientes con EAP atendidos por las unidades de soporte vital avanzado (SVA) del Sistema d’Emergències Mèdiques (SEM) de Catalunya, durante el periodo del 1 de enero del 2014 al 31 de marzo del 2018. El criterio de exposición fue la aplicación de VMNI, frente al grupo control, donde se mantuvo la oxigenoterapia convencional. Se realizó análisis de supervivencia mediante Kaplan Meier y regresión de Cox y se calculó la Hazard ratio ajustada (HRa). RESULTADOS. Se reclutaron 382 pacientes, con edad media de 79,7 años (SD 9,58) y 56,3% de mujeres. La VMNI se aplicó en el 44,7% de la cohorte. La mediana de tiempo en optimizar la SatO2 > 94% con VMNI fue de 10 minutos (IC 95%: 8,37-11,63), frente a 30 minutos (IC 95%: 19,44-40,56) sin VMNI. La mediana de tiempo en presentar una FR < 28 respiraciones por minuto fue con VMNI de 31 minutos (IC 95%: 24,56-37,44), frente a 50 (IC 95%: 38,61-61,39) del grupo sin VMNI. Realizar VMNI mejoró la tasa de optimización de la SatO2 con una HRa de 4,66 (IC 95%: 2,91-7,45) y de la FR con una HRa de 3,24 (IC 95%: 1,97-5,31). CONCLUSIONES. Aplicar VMNI prehospitalaria a pacientes con sospecha clínica de EAP reduce el tiempo de optimización de parámetros clínicos de saturación de oxígeno y frecuencia respiratoria.
The Ayurvedic management in Branched Retinal Vein Occlusion- A Case Report
Authors: Bhuriya Harsha , Sukesan Sreeja
Published: September 2024

Background: Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disorder after diabetic retinopathy. BRVO is classified according to the anatomical location as major or macular. Major BRVO refers to occlusion of a retinal vein that drains one of the quadrants. Macular BRVO refers to occlusion of a venule within the macula. The incidence of BRVO is most common in superotemporal quadrant (58.1- 66%), followed by the inferotemporal quadrant (29%) and least common in nasal quadrants (12.9%).BRVO has many known ophthalmic and systemic risk factors including age, Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, Obesity .
 
Case Presentation: A 42 yr old female Teacher by Proffesion with no comorbities but obese with BMI 30.7 kg/m2 (Height- 161.5cm, Weight- 77Kg) presented with sudden central field defect and blurred vision in left eye noticed since 2 weeks. and recently diagnosed Hypertension, Blood investigation reveals Hyperlipidemia Ocular examination reveals on admission (done on 17/08/22) Visual acuity of left eye : CF(1m), <N36 without glass and no improvement with glass, Left eye- Anterior segment normal, Funduscopy of left eye: retinal haemorrhage( dot n blot Hg), Cystoid Macular Oedema (CMT- 864um). Internal medication along with external kriyakalpa was done for a time period of 5 month. Assessment was done both subjective and objective
  
Conclusion: One can conclude from this case report that ophthalmic disorders need not be treated only with local medications or surgical but kriyakalpa are also mentioned in classics for sannipataj kacham, and with the help of sedentary changes in lifestyle , this disease can be treated .The condition of this patient is correlated with sannipataj rakhta pradhana kacham.
 Mukkadi purambada , netra sekam – kriyakalpa are used to reduce the oedema, while internal medictions and lifestyle changes are done to control the cholesterol , obesity, and hypertensive condition.Obesity is found to be one cause factor that is correlated with stholya and as per timira and Stholyata the treatment was given along with lifestyle management . Internal medications were used Shiva Gulika which acts as Kaphavata Shamaka also having anti-inflammatory property, Gomootra Haritki was Shothaghna, predominance of Agni and Vayu Mahabhut, and Most importantly the kriyakalpa was used with medications having kapha and Rakhtahara drugs, Vidalaka helped to reduce oedema
Drosophila: Translational Renal Model for Ayurvedic Research
Authors: Khan Kounaina , Padyana Subrahmanya
Published: September 2024

Ayurveda, an ancient Indian system of medicine, emphasizes holistic and natural approaches to healthcare. However, its integration into modern medical research faces challenges due to the lack of systematic, evidence-based studies. With the global rise in renal disorders, there is a critical need for innovative and reliable preclinical models to study kidney related diseases. Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), a well-established model organism in biomedical research, offers a unique opportunity to bridge this gap due to its genetic similarities to humans and its potential as a biomimic for human renal physiology. The current review explores the utility of fly as a translational renal model in Ayurvedic research, particularly in studying renal physiology, toxicity, genetic and acquired renal disorders. With the parallels between drosophila and human renal systems, and the use of nephrocytes as analogs to human podocytes and malpighian tubules as functional equivalents to human kidneys. Further, the review highlights methodologies for studying renal physiology and toxicity in drosophila, as well as the generation of renal disease phenotypes through genetic manipulation, diet, and chemical induction. The current review emphasizes on drosophila as an experimental model to enhance the scientific validation of Ayurvedic treatments, particularly in the context of renal health, offering a promising avenue for the integrating traditional and modern medicine in developing better drugs and establishing the mechanism of action for renal care.
Catalysing sustainability by harnessing microbial activities and technologies to improve sustainability for wide-scale implementation and prevent disease,
Authors: Gokhale Swara
Published: September 2024

The idea that a path to a sustainable future can be identified and followed has become an increasingly popular concept in global environmental science and policy. When we focus on the discussion in the sociotechnical literature, we see that the approach is mostly associated with the concept of measurement of changes happening in the environment in terms of climate change, emissions and the like. Thus on the basis of the arising circumstances or situations the changes can be small or large. Based on a continuum approach, we argue in this article that sustainability should be seen as an improvement resulting from multiple and overlapping collaborations to change the status quo by focusing on sustainable technologies. Herein we have focused on microbial activities and technologies that can be implemented in a larger scale which is a greener approach. The fundamental and almost unique feature of microbial technology is the extraordinary range of uses to which it can address and the unique range of human activities and needs it has and will have to be voluntarily exploited. Since the goals, products and needs of sustainable development are very different, microbial technologies have the potential to make a positive contribution to global efforts to achieve sustainable development at different levels and in different areas. In fact, microbial technology can be seen as an integral part of our journey towards sustainability. Herein it is proposed that the approach can be based on the existence of “stepping stones”: relevant interventions that capture or create opportunities and create momentum for the implementation of the development of a new, unpredictable form. We see the path being created, not given, with significant interventions bringing together resources and needs and creating new decisions across materials to overcome inertia in the society in which interventions are developed as significant responses to sustainability challenges.
Cutting-edge breakthroughs in the acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation technology
Authors: Jhanji Ishank
Published: September 2024

Revived demand in microbial acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation has encouraging researchers for technological advancement in this field to produce sustainable and environmental being biofuels. The microbial species of genera Clostridia are commonly used for production of ABE. ABE fermentation in Clostridiais biphasic with an initial acidogenic phase followed by solvent ogenic phase, where the assimilated acids are used to produce ABE. The obtained mixture from ABE fermentation has a capacity to seamlessly blend with gasoline. However, inherent problems associated with ABE fermentation are significant substrate cost, solvent toxicity, relatively inadequate product concentration, and substantial purification cost. ABE mixture as a drop-in fuel is widely studied by researchers but rarely reviewed to understand its techno economical analysis and inherent challenges, so far. Therefore, the present work summarizes the recent advancement in ABE fermentation in terms of upstream and downstream processes along with its inherent challenges to achieve high yield and productivity. The present review will be facilitative opportunity to consider ABE mixture as a drop-in biofuel in upcoming days.
Probabilistic Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kapoor Madhav
Published: September 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have transformed numerous domains by enabling systems to learn from data and make intelligent decisions. Within the field of ML, probabilistic machine learning has gained significant attention due to its ability to capture uncertainty and provide predictions based on probabilities. This essay explores the concept of probabilistic machine learning and its applications in AI. We delve into the fundamentals of machine learning, discuss probabilistic modeling, explore various probabilistic machine learning techniques, highlight the advantages of probabilistic approaches, and examine real-world applications. Additionally, we address the challenges associated with probabilistic machine learning and discuss future directions in this exciting field.
A Study on Genetic Inheritance of Mutations in Drosophila Melanogaster
Authors: Singh Vanshika
Published: September 2024

This experiment aims to delve into the intricate mechanics of autosomal and sex-linked inheritance within Drosophila melanogaster mutations. Throughout the investigation, we explore the passage of mutant traits across generations in Drosophila, serving as a dynamic model for inheritance studies. Our focus extends to deciphering the inheritance modes for each mutation via genetic crosses, allowing us to grasp the essence of Gregor Mendel's groundbreaking principles of independent assortment and segregation. Dihybrid autosomal crosses enable us to unravel the anticipated outcomes of our progeny, establishing a benchmark for comparing our observed findings. By juxtaposing anticipated and observed values, we endeavor to evaluate the statistical relevance of the anticipated versus actual manifestation of mutant phenotypes. This study contributes to the broader tapestry of genetics and refines our comprehension of inheritance, employing the captivating Drosophila melanogaster as a lens through which to explore these fundamental principles.
PAI teachers' strategies in developing the religious character of students at SMK Igasar Pindad Bandung
Authors: Alamsyah M Farizal , Sutiawati Siti , Nulhakim Ihsan , Nuralisa Alis , Muhsin Muhsin
Published: September 2024

Research on the strategy of Islamic Religious Education teachers in developing the religious character of students at SMK Igasar Pindad Bandung. Religious character building is the process of forming an atmosphere of religious life. Islamic Religious Education is seen as a strategic means to instill a moral foundation, ethical values, and positive character in students. The purpose of this research is to find out the teacher's strategy in developing the religious character of students at SMK Igasar Pindad. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study type. The research subjects were selected using purposive sampling technique, selected based on certain criteria to ensure researchers collect as much information as possible from various sources. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study found that the strategy of developing the religious character of students is through habituation programs. the success of PAI teachers in developing the religious character of students through habituation and exemplary. Indicators of success in developing the religious character of students at SMK Igasar Pindad Bandung are in accordance with the Ministry of Education and Culture's religious character indicators. According to the Ministry of Education and Culture, the indicators of religious character are as follows: 1) Participating in class learning, namely praying before and after doing work. 2) Obedience to worship, having facilities used for worship and celebrating religious holidays 3) Maintaining environmental cleanliness at school 4) Cooperation between adherents of other religions and beliefs.
Analysis of teacher needs for team-based project learning with the SETS approach on alternative energy source materials
Authors: Fauziyyah Asri Nur Lathifah , Efendi Ridwan , Muslim Muslim
Published: September 2024

Alternative energy sources are one of the materials in physics that are very close to their application in daily life. Awareness of the importance of understanding in the era of rapid technological progress in the concept of alternative energy sources needs to be built with learning that actively involves students, one of which is project-based learning. This study aims to analyze the needs of teachers in the implementation of team-based projects with the Science, Environment, Technology, and Society (SETS) approach on alternative energy source materials, in order to train students' creativity. The method used was a questionnaire and interview involving 38 physics teachers. The results show that teachers need learning that integrates team-based projects with the SETS approach because only 50% of teachers have used project-based learning on alternative energy sources. In addition, 89% of teachers face various obstacles in the implementation of project-based learning, including inadequate time allocation, low critical thinking of students, and poor teacher planning. Based on these findings, it is suggested that there is a need for more comprehensive teacher learning innovations and the preparation of more structured teaching modules. In addition, support from the school in terms of facilities and time management is needed to maximize the effectiveness of team-based project learning with the SETS approach. This effort is expected to improve the quality of learning and students' creativity in understanding alternative energy source materials.
A divulgação do monitoramento das recomendações emitidas pelas unidades de auditoria interna das universidades públicas do centro-oeste
Authors: Sampaio Sônia Maria Pajeú , Nogueira Maria Aparecida Farias de Souza
Published: September 2024

Mundialmente, há uma potencialização na evolução dos processos de trabalho, e as agências governamentais, junto com os trabalhos de auditoria, têm cooperado nesse sentido. A administração pública brasileira tem acompanhado tal evolução por meio da modernização de seus processos de trabalho e da aplicação de princípios como o da eficiência e da eficácia na entrega dos serviços e na melhora da aplicação dos recursos públicos, promovendo a transparência como ferramenta adicional de controle. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar se as universidades públicas do Centro-Oeste do Brasil realizam a publicação do relatório de monitoramento das recomendações de auditoria interna. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o monitoramento das recomendações de auditoria interna e um levantamento de dados nos websites das universidades por meio de análise qualitativa. Os resultados indicam que as universidades, em sua maioria, realizam a publicação do monitoramento das recomendações de auditoria interna. Foi possível com a realização da pesquisa, observar que as informações disponibilizadas, pelas universidades nos relatórios de monitoramento das recomendações de auditoria interna, são caracterizadas por formatações complexas comprometendo o grau de transparência.
Melhoria do forneamento de biscoitos em forno à lenha com processo em batelada
Authors: Henker Eliezer , Azevedo Rafael Guedes de , Silva André Luiz Emmel , Moraes Jorge André Ribas , Moraes Eduardo Baldo
Published: September 2024

A satisfação do consumidor é uma meta a ser alcançada pelas empresas, onde a variação de padrão no produto é uma das principais causas de insatisfação e todas as condições que aumentam o custo tornam o produto menos competitivo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a otimização do forneamento de biscoitos em forno à lenha com processo em batelada. Nas primeiras produções os biscoitos apresentavam muita variação de cor e os índices de perdas estavam em torno de 7,2%. As principais não conformidades foram avaliadas com o uso do diagrama de Pareto e foi identificado como mais relevante o problema de forneamento. As causas principais das não conformidades foram identificadas, avaliadas e tratadas através do método “QC Story”. Várias medidas corretivas foram implementadas com sucesso, entre elas a padronização do processo de forneamento, com enfoque na carga e no momento de abastecimento do combustível e a definição da temperatura de início de forneamento. Outras medidas foram implementadas visando uma melhor distribuição de calor dentro do forno. Com o processo padronizado houve uma redução do nível de perdas para valores entre 0,4 a 0,7% e uma melhor uniformização da cor dos biscoitos assados. Também foram coletados dados para a confecção da curva de forneamento real que se apresenta diferente da curva de forneamento para processos contínuos obtida por meio de dados apresentados na literatura. De posse da curva de forneamento, é possível prever o tempo necessário para o forneamento em função da temperatura do forno.
Guía de orientación para la educación inclusiva y el diseño universal para el aprendizaje: opinan los estudiantes de licenciatura en ciencias naturales
Authors: Medina Zulma Sapuyes , Gonçalves Adriana Garcia
Published: September 2024

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la evaluación que los estudiantes de licenciatura en ciencias naturales realizaron a una guía de orientaciones sobre el Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA) en el área. La investigación se desarrolló en tres universidades de Colombia, fue de tipo descriptivo y tuvo dos fases, una primera que recogió por medio de un cuestionario cerrado las percepciones de treinta participantes sobre el DUA y la educación inclusiva. Con los resultados de la primera fase, se elaboró una guía de orientación sobre la educación inclusiva y el DUA que fue analizada por cinco participantes que decidieron continuar en la segunda fase, esta se dio por medio de una entrevista semiestructurada en la que se pedía las opiniones sobre guía; del proceso se hizo la transcripción y el análisis de contenido para encontrar las clases temáticas que agruparon la información aportada. De esta manera se concluye que la guía permitió mejorar la visión sobre el DUA y la forma de aplicarlo en las ciencias naturales para que puedan darse los procesos de educación inclusiva en los futuros ambientes de aprendizaje y se pueda enseñar pensando desde la diversidad de una forma más universal con prácticas innovadoras.
Laparotomia exploratória no trauma abdominal: uma revisão abrangente
Authors: Aragão Igor Gifoni , Oliveira Filho João Edilson de , Carrijo Vinícius Silva , Ritter Wainny Rocha Guimarães , Batista Marina Ressiore , Costa Hadassa , Oliveira Renam Augusto Matsuoka de , Barbosa Maria Joana Gomes , Gratão Valentina Mossini
Published: September 2024

O trauma abdominal representa uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade em ambientes de urgência e emergência, especialmente em regiões com altos índices de acidentes de trânsito e violência urbana. Este trabalho busca revisar criticamente a literatura sobre a laparotomia exploratória, um procedimento cirúrgico essencial no manejo de traumas abdominais graves. A pesquisa analisou a eficácia da laparotomia exploratória na identificação e tratamento de lesões intra-abdominais, as indicações para a sua realização, as complicações associadas e os avanços tecnológicos que influenciam sua prática. Para a realização desta revisão, foram selecionados estudos publicados recentemente, utilizando bases de dados como PubMed e Cochrane Library, com ênfase em artigos que abordam a utilização de técnicas diagnósticas avançadas e intervenções cirúrgicas emergentes. A análise qualitativa incluiu a identificação de temas recorrentes e a síntese das evidências disponíveis. Os resultados destacaram que, apesar dos avanços nas técnicas diagnósticas, a laparotomia exploratória continua sendo indispensável em muitos casos, especialmente em pacientes com instabilidade hemodinâmica e lesões abdominais penetrantes. No entanto, as complicações pós-operatórias, como infecções e hérnias incisionais, continuam a ser um desafio significativo. A pesquisa também sugere a necessidade de melhorias contínuas nos protocolos clínicos e na formação de equipes de emergência, além de apontar para a importância de novas investigações sobre o uso de tecnologias minimamente invasivas no contexto do trauma abdominal.
Aplicativos para o aprendizado de música: uma comparação entre o método lúdico e o tradicional no aprendizado de violão
Authors: Rodrigues Davvi Duarte , Rodrigues Jacinta Antônia Duarte Ribeiro , Viana José Augusto Lopes
Published: September 2024

O presente estudo objetivou comparar dois diferentes tipos de métodos pedagógicos, o lúdico e o tradicional, implementados por aplicativos para dispositivos móveis no aprendizado de instrumentos musicais, tendo em foco, o violão. Como metodologia foi empreendida uma abordagem qualitativa utilizando como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista estruturada. Seis voluntários no estágio inicial do aprendizado de violão participaram do estudo. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos que fizeram uso de aplicativos distintos de aprendizagem de violão, sendo um dos aplicativos desenvolvido para o ensino em uma metodologia tradicional e outro em uma metodologia lúdica. A análise dos dados foi realizada com o confronto das respostas dos participantes com os objetivos da pesquisa, sendo retirados dos diálogos pontos relevantes sobre a percepção dos participantes, em especial aqueles que puderam ser utilizados na comparação entre os métodos utilizados pelos aplicativos. Como resultados mais expressivos, a pesquisa aponta pontos fortes e fracos, na perspectiva dos usuários, em cada um dos métodos empregados que podem ser observados por desenvolvedores de aplicativos para melhorar a experiencia de seus usuários.
Prevalência e fatores associados à autoavaliação negativa de saúde entre trabalhadores da agricultura familiar
Authors: Santos Emelynne Gabrielly de Oliveira , Barbosa Isabelle Ribeiro
Published: September 2024

Introdução: a autoavaliação da saúde constitui-se como um indicador de saúde global, amplamente utilizado em todo o mundo, e decorre da percepção que o indivíduo tem sobre a própria saúde. Além disso, pode ser utilizado como objeto de investigação em todas as populações, sobretudo aquelas vulneráveis, como agricultores. Objetivo: analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados a autoavaliação negativa da saúde de agricultores em Caicó, no Rio Grande do Norte. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal cuja população foi composta por 450 agricultores cadastrados no Sindicato dos Trabalhadores Rurais Agricultores e Agricultoras Familiares. Utilizou-se como variável dependente “a autoavaliação negativa do estado de saúde”, e foi realizada uma análise descritiva da prevalência do desfecho em relação às variáveis pesquisadas, assim como Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para analisar os fatores associados e estimar as razões de prevalências. Resultados: a prevalência da autoavaliação negativa de saúde entre trabalhadores da agricultura foi de 48%. No modelo final, as variáveis que foram estatisticamente associadas à autoavaliação negativa de saúde foram: sexo feminino, idade de 60 anos ou mais, ser viúvo, residir com 5 ou mais pessoas e que tiveram perda da produção. Conclusão: ações de promoção a saúde devem ser planejadas e implementadas com um olhar singular a vida dos agricultores. Adicionalmente, a melhoria das condições de trabalho também se constitui como uma ferramenta positiva nesse processo, garantida por órgãos governamentais.
Prevalência e fatores relacionados ao déficit cognitivo em idosos
Authors: Santos Aliny de Lima , Pavanello Audrei , Pinheiro Giuliana Silva Mossini , Soares Karina Furtuoso
Published: September 2024

O objetivo do presente artigo foi analisar a prevalência e fatores relacionados ao déficit cognitivo em idosos, no contexto da Atenção Primária em Saúde. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 74 indivíduos assistidos em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de Maringá–PR. Os dados foram coletados por meio de visita domiciliar. A avaliação do déficit cognitivo, a variável desfecho do presente estudo, foi obtida por meio do Mini Exame do Estado Mental. Em relação a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário semiestruturado, elaborado pelos autores. Verificou-se déficit cognitivo em 20,2% dos entrevistados, observando-se no presente estudo associação positiva com idade maior de 80 anos, hospitalizações nos últimos 12 meses e atividades instrumentais de vida diária. Ademais, observou-se associação negativa com escolaridade e hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Assim sendo, concluiu-se que medidas voltadas à promoção da saúde do idoso devem enfatizar o cuidado, a prevenção e o controle dos declínios cognitivos.