bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identity-by-Descent Mapping Identifies Major Locus for Serum Triglycerides in Amerindians Largely Explained by an
APOC3
Founder Mutation
Authors: Hsueh Wen-Chi , Nair Anup K. , Kobes Sayuko , Chen Peng , Göring Harald H.H. , Pollin Toni I. , Malhotra Alka , Knowler William C. , Baier Leslie J. , Hanson Robert L.
Published: December 2017

Background—

Identity-by-descent mapping using empirical estimates of identity-by-descent allele sharing may be useful for studies of complex traits in founder populations, where hidden relationships may augment the inherent genetic information that can be used for localization.

Methods and Results—

Through identity-by-descent mapping, using ≈400 000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of serum lipid profiles, we identified a major linkage signal for triglycerides in 1007 Pima Indians (LOD=9.23;
P
=3.5×10
−11
on chromosome 11q). In subsequent fine-mapping and replication association studies in ≈7500 Amerindians, we determined that this signal reflects effects of a loss-of-function Ala43Thr substitution in
APOC3
(rs147210663) and 3 established functional SNPs in
APOA5
. The association with rs147210663 was particularly strong; each copy of the Thr allele conferred 42% lower triglycerides (β=−0.92±0.059 SD unit;
P
=9.6×10
−55
in 4668 Pimas and 2793 Southwest Amerindians combined). The Thr allele is extremely rare in most global populations but has a frequency of 2.5% in Pimas. We further demonstrated that 3
APOA5
SNPs with established functional impact could explain the association with the most well-replicated SNP (rs964184) for triglycerides identified by genome-wide association studies. Collectively, these 4 SNPs account for 6.9% of variation in triglycerides in Pimas (and 4.1% in Southwest Amerindians), and their inclusion in the original linkage model reduced the linkage signal to virtually null.

Conclusions—

APOC3/APOA5
constitutes a major locus for serum triglycerides in Amerindians, especially the Pimas, and these results provide an empirical example for the concept that population-based linkage analysis is a useful strategy to identify complex trait variants.
The marbled crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) represents an independent new species
Authors: LYKO FRANK
Published: December 2017

Marbled crayfish are a globally expanding population of parthenogenetically reproducing freshwater decapods. They are closely related to the sexually reproducing slough crayfish, Procambarus fallax, which is native to the southeastern United States. Previous studies have shown that marbled crayfish are morphologically very similar to P. fallax. However, different fitness traits, reproductive incompatibility and substantial genetic differences suggest that the marbled crayfish should be considered an independent species. This article provides its formal description and scientific name, Procambarus virginalis sp. nov.
Music Clubs Crusade for Strings
Authors: Bruinsma Henry A.
Published: December 2017

A Report to the American String Teachers Association Convention, Philadelphia, February 28, 1961
The Holy Spirit in 1 Corinthians
Authors: Levison Jack
Published: December 2017

Paul’s first letter to the Corinthians is the last word on the Holy Spirit—or so it would seem, with its copious discussions of the Spirit in relation to the cross, the church, spiritual gifts, and resurrection. Yet this letter is anything but straightforward, and its take on the Spirit is anything but spiritual. Earthy, tenacious, and sensible, yes—but spiritual? Not in the sense of otherworldly and unearthly. If insight into the Holy Spirit can be wrested from this letter—and it certainly can—it seeps from fractures and surfaces in ambiguity, where sarcasm, practicality, and competing claims to experience collide.
Mindfulness and Compliance: The Way We Make Requests Influences Compliance With the Foot-in-the-Door Strategy
Authors: Gamian-Wilk Malgorzata , Dolinski Dariusz , Danieluk Barnaba
Published: December 2017

The foot-in-the-door effect is considered more effective when a time lapse occurs between performing an initial, smaller request and being asked a second request. It has been hypothesized that mindfulness moderates the effectiveness of two versions of the strategy – time-delay and no-delay foot-in-the-door. The greater magnitude of time-delay foot-in-the-door is considered to be connected with increased mindfulness. The aim of this study was to verify the assumption concerning mindfulness as a state triggering time-delay foot-in-the-door. In a field experiment ( N = 249), we manipulated the time lapse and kind of reason (real, placebic, and no reason) accompanying a difficult or less difficult target request. This extended Langer et al. replication indicates that time-delay foot-in-the-door is indeed greater after mindfulness activation.
Rhetorics of Proposal Writing: Lessons for Pedagogy in Research and Real-World Practice
Authors: Lawrence Heidi Y. , Lussos Rachael G. , Clark Jessica A.
Published: December 2017

Proposals are ubiquitous documents with challenges beyond the writing task itself, such as project management, strategic development, and research. Reporting on proposal instruction research in other fields and the results of an interview study with proposal writers, this article argues for a shift in how proposals are taught and conceptualized. By coaching students on the wide range of rhetorical practices that proposals require rather than how to produce proposal documents, technical and professional communication instruction can better prepare future communicators to manage and produce competitive proposals and more actively participate in these important efforts in the community, industry, and academy.
Sensitive Survey Questions with Auxiliary Information
Authors: Chou Winston , Imai Kosuke , Rosenfeld Bryn
Published: December 2017

Scholars increasingly rely on indirect questioning techniques to reduce social desirability bias and item nonresponse for sensitive survey questions. The major drawback of these approaches, however, is their inefficiency relative to direct questioning. We show how to improve the statistical analysis of the list experiment, randomized response technique, and endorsement experiment by exploiting auxiliary information on the sensitive trait. We apply the proposed methodology to survey experiments conducted among voters in a controversial antiabortion referendum held during the 2011 Mississippi General Election. By incorporating the official county-level election results, we obtain precinct- and individual-level estimates that are more accurate than standard indirect questioning estimates and occasionally even more efficient than direct questioning. Our simulation studies shed light on the conditions under which our approach can improve the efficiency and robustness of estimates based on indirect questioning techniques. Open-source software is available for implementing the proposed methodology.
Chikungunya–dengue co-infection during pregnancy requiring preterm Caesarean section: first case report from Bangladesh
Authors: Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Zaman Shahana , Sultana Nasreen , Islam Ariful , Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: December 2017

We report the first case of chikungunya-dengue co-infection during pregnancy requiring emergency Caesarean section (CS) because of fetal distress in a Bangladeshi primigravida. Though previously unreported, this situation may become increasingly common.
Indigenous Intellectuals in Contemporary Ecuador: Encounters with “Seven Erroneous Theses about Latin America”
Authors: Fernández Blanca Soledad
Published: December 2017

The indigenous intellectuals who were part of the foundation of the Ecuadorean indigenous movement of the 1980s contributed to the theoretical and political grounding of the concept of the plurinational state that is now recognized in the country’s new constitution. This concept constitutes a critique of the idea of nationhood that developed in Latin America throughout the twentieth century. A comparative reading of these intellectuals’ work on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of Rodolfo Stavenhagen’s “Seven Erroneous Theses about Latin America” reveals two themes: colonial continuity and historical continuity. Both can be seen as a “settling of scores” with colonialism understood both as a historical period and as an analytical term for understanding the social reality of Latin America.

Los intelectuales indígenas que formaron parte de la fundación del movimiento indígena ecuatoriano hacia la década de 1980 contribuyeron a la fundamentación teórica y política de la noción de Estado plurinacional, hoy reconocida por la nueva constitución del Ecuador. Sus principales antecedentes se encuentran en la elaboración de una crítica a la idea de nación tributaria de la corriente de pensamiento que se forjó en Nuestramérica a lo largo del siglo XX. Una lectura comparada de las obras escritas por estos intelectuales indígenas ecuatorianos en el marco de la conmemoración de los cincuenta años de la publicación de las “Siete tesis equivocadas sobre América Latina,” de Rodolfo Stavenhagen, revela dos elementos que aparecen reiteradamente a lo largo de su producción escritural: la idea de “continuidad colonial” y la idea de “continuidad histórica.” Ambas nociones remiten a un tema específico que se relaciona con cierto “ajuste de cuentas” con el colonialismo en tanto hecho histórico y en tanto categoría para el análisis de la realidad social en América Latina.
Oscillatory disc rheometer
Authors: Jabez I Kingstone Lesley , Das Urmila , Gopal AS Srinivasa
Published: December 2017

Natural rubber (NR)-based elastomer, by virtue of its amenability to yield shear modulus at 3.5 kg/cm2 shear stress as low as 1.6–2.0 kg/cm2, is the most preferred elastomer for the realization of flex seals that are used for the thrust vector control of large rocket motors. Despite the utmost care taken during compounding, there exists a high degree of uncertainty in achieving required shear modulus primarily because of complexity involved in compounding to obtain high degree of homogeneity of the NR compound. Assessing the quality of NR compound is a tedious and time-taking process since it involves the preparation and testing of standard quadruple lap shear (QLS) specimens. Any non-conformance in shear modulus calls for fine-tuning of NR formulation; remaking of QLS specimens to recheck shear modulus leads to huge time delay and wastage of materials. The authors have meticulously generated oscillatory disc rheometer (ODR) data in comparison with QLS test results for various NR compounds and introduced ODR as an effective quality assurance tool. This article demonstrates how, based on ODR data, shear modulus can be predicted, thereby corrective actions can be taken in NR compound quickly and the appropriate vulcanization scheme can be prescribed for the given NR compound, which will prevent reversion and ensure optimum vulcanization, thereby eliminate the causes for shear modulus increase during storage of flex seals.
Influence of submicron tiny gel rubber particles on the estimation of grafting and rubber efficiency in high-impact polystyrene
Authors: Subbaiah Yogesha , Raghavendra Venugopal B , Puttamadappa Shadakshara swamy , Bandyopadhyay Sumanda , Mukhopadhyay Prasanta , Kumar Arun
Published: December 2017

The structure property correlation of different commercial grades of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) with varying polybutadiene rubber (PBR) content has been investigated. The average molecular weights of polystyrene, rubber content, gel content, swelling index, degree of grafting, morphology of rubber, and rubber particle size distribution were characterized and correlated with the mechanical properties of HIPS. The dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy techniques were employed to characterize the loss of submicron tiny PBR gel particles. The obtained results reveal the fact that submicron tiny PBR gel particles that are lost during gel estimation by ultracentrifugation process lower the gel content and rubber efficiency, which significantly contribute to the overall impact performance evaluation of the final HIPS product.
Pre-Colonial Origins of Urban Spaces in the West African Sahel: Street Networks, Trade, and Spatial Plurality
Authors: Baumanova Monika , Smejda Ladislav , Rüther Heinz
Published: December 2017

Present-day West African towns allow us to study how urban space developed in this region. The urban street networks and layout of residential quarters to some extent preserve the possible movement patterns of pre-colonial urbanites. Long-distance trade, in what is ultimately a liminal and transitory locale, linked the urban nodes on the “coast” of the Sahara. This article takes a closer look on the distribution of streets and quarters as a unique kind of material heritage, as well as major trade routes, which linked into the towns. Analyses of the historic towns of Timbuktu and Djenne in Mali are used to demonstrate how the relationships between trade and urban residents were enacted in space. The structuring of the two towns put them in context with the tradition of dual settlements in West Africa, also finding parallels with the role of urban quarters in merchant towns of the East African coast.
The airtightness and air leakage characteristics of new UK holiday homes
Authors: Johnston David , Miles-Shenton Dominic
Published: December 2017

It is estimated that in the UK, 200,000 residents live in park and holiday homes all year round, the majority of which are elderly and on low incomes. As these homes are often thermally inefficient and leaky, these residents are some of the most susceptible in society to fuel poverty. Despite this, there is a dearth of empirical data available on the in situ fabric performance of these homes. This paper presents the results obtained from undertaking a series of pressurisation tests and leakage identification on new build holiday homes. While the sample size reported is small, the results indicate almost a factor of two variation in the airtightness performance of the homes. In spite of this, all of the homes achieved an air permeability significantly lower than the default value incorporated within the industry standard Energy Efficiency Rating Calculator, suggesting that a much lower figure may be more appropriate. The results also suggest that the use of the air permeability metric within the calculator potentially biases the performance of holiday homes due to their particular form factor, and that this bias could be mitigated against by adopting the air leakage metric within any future revisions to the calculator.
Better Open Than Intellectual: The Benefits of Investment Personality Traits for Learning
Authors: von Stumm Sophie
Published: December 2017

The investment theory of adult intelligence posits that individual differences in knowledge attainment result from people’s differences in cognitive ability and their propensity to apply and invest that ability, which is referred to as investment personality traits. Here, we differentiated intellectual (i.e., intellectual curiosity) and nonintellectual investment (i.e., openness to experience), and we tested their respective predictive validity for knowledge attainment in four independent lab-based studies (overall N = 649). Openness to experience was positively associated with knowledge attainment across all four studies, and this effect was by and large independent of cognitive ability. By contrast, intellectual curiosity was not related to knowledge attainment. The findings suggest that openness to experience, rather than intellectual curiosity, is the investment personality trait that broadly benefits learning and adult intelligence.
Metformin Effects on Metabolic Coupling and Tumor Growth in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma Coinjection Xenografts
Authors: Tassone Patrick , Domingo‐Vidal Marina , Whitaker‐Menezes Diana , Lin Zhao , Roche Megan , Tuluc Madalina , Martinez‐Outschoorn Ubaldo , Curry Joseph
Published: December 2017

Objective

Many aggressive head and neck cancers contain 2 metabolically coupled tumor compartments: a glycolytic stromal compartment with low caveolin‐1 (CAV1) and high monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) expression and a highly proliferative carcinoma cell compartment with high MCT1. Metabolites are shuttled by MCTs from stroma to carcinoma to fuel tumor growth. We studied the effect of carcinoma‐fibroblast coinjection and metformin administration on a mouse model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Study Design

Xenograft head and neck squamous cell carcinoma model.

Setting

Basic science laboratory.

Subjects and Methods

Oral cavity carcinoma cells were injected alone or as coinjection with human fibroblasts into nude mice to generate xenograft tumors. Tumors were excised and stained with immunohistochemistry for markers of metabolic coupling and apoptosis, including MCT1, MCT4, CAV1, and TUNEL assay (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling). Strength of staining was assessed by a pathologist or computer‐assisted pathology software. Metformin was administered orally to mice to test effects on immunohistochemical markers in xenografts.

Results

Coinjection tumors were 2.8‐fold larger (P =. 048) and had 1.4‐fold stronger MCT1 staining (P =. 016) than tumors from homotypic carcinoma cell injection. Metformin decreased the size of coinjection xenograft tumors by 45% (P =. 025). Metformin reduced MCT1 staining by 28% (P =. 05) and increased carcinoma cell apoptosis 1.8‐fold as marked by TUNEL assay (P =. 005). Metformin did not have a significant effect on tumor size when CAV1 knockdown fibroblasts were used in coinjection.

Conclusion

Coinjection with fibroblasts increases tumor growth and metabolic coupling in oral cavity cancer xenografts. Fibroblast CAV1 expression is required for metformin to disrupt metabolic coupling and decrease xenograft size.
Nation in Ephemeral Literature: Dynamics of Demonstrative Resistance and Swadeshi Nationhood (1905–11)
Authors: Pandit Mimasha
Published: December 2017

A new image was engendered in twentieth-century Bengal. The image clarified the direction of public opinion, whether it sanctified the actions of the colonizers or that of the colonized. In the process, those who chose to side with the colonized developed a close bond with the others who became a part of the camaraderie. The resultant image, envisioned by the people, did not come to them naturally; it was produced in their mind. The word of the age, printed and performed, helped produce this vision using the context as an index of reference. Words were transmitted and circulated among large number of people, who came to know, discuss and debate it. Despite the strict vigilance of the Raj that censured objectionable words, it nevertheless reached the public. Words found expression in ephemeral media that made the words disseminated untraceable. One such medium was the placard. This article analyses the placards circulated and posted, during the early twentieth century, and delves deep into the process of demonstration and persuasion adopted by the placards to invoke an image of nation among the Bengalis.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation improves walking capacity and reduces spasticity in stroke survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kwong Patrick WH , Ng Gabriel YF , Chung Raymond CK , Ng Shamay SM
Published: December 2017

Objective:

To evaluate (1) the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) at improving lower extremity motor recovery in stroke survivors and (2) the optimal stimulation parameters for TENS.

Review methods:

A systematic search was conducted for studies published up to October 2017 using eight electronic databases (CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PEDro, PubMed and Web of Science). Randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of the application of TENS at improving lower extremity motor recovery in stroke survivors were assessed for inclusion. Outcomes of interest included plantar flexor spasticity, muscle strength, walking capacity and balance.

Results:

In all, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria which involved 439 stroke survivors. The meta-analysis showed that TENS improved walking capacity, as measured by either gait speed or the Timed Up and Go Test (Hedges’ g = 0.392; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.178 to 0.606) compared to the placebo or no-treatment control groups. TENS also reduced paretic plantar flexor spasticity, as measured using the Modified Ashworth Scale and Composite Spasticity Scale (Hedges’ g = –0.884; 95% CI = –1.140 to −0.625). The effect of TENS on walking capacity in studies involving 60 minutes per sessions was significant (Hedges’ g = 0.468; 95% CI = 0.201–0.734) but not in study with shorter sessions (20 or 30 minutes) (Hedges’ g = 0.254; 95% CI = –0.106–0.614).

Conclusion:

The results support the use of repeated applications of TENS as an adjunct therapy for improving walking capacity and reducing spasticity in stroke survivors.
Qubbet El-Hawa, 2016
Authors: Bommas Martin
Published: December 2017

Report of two short field seasons of the joint University of Birmingham/Egypt Exploration Society mission at Qubbet el-Hawa in February and September 2016. In the area of the northern necropolis, below the upper terrace of rock cut tombs, three excavation areas were identified that have not been investigated before. Among the monuments unearthed are a protection wall close to the edge of the cliff, a causeway leading to this wall, and the long-sought causeway of Sarenput I. Amongst the finds presented here, two Middle Kingdom reliefs and pottery are discussed in further detail
The Falcon and Female Cat in Egyptian Magic and the Petese Stories
Authors: Ryholt Kim
Published: December 2017

A recently published spell concerning the prevention of miscarriages, where a falcon and a female cat are invoked against Seth/Apophis, provides a clue to the understanding of an episode in The Petese Stories, where the same two animals are summoned through magic and directed against an enemy who soon surrenders to avoid destruction.
Boundary-crossing careers and the ‘third space of hybridity’: Career actors as knowledge brokers between creative arts and academia
Authors: Lam Alice
Published: December 2017

This article examines how boundary-crossing careers influence creative knowledge combination by looking at a group of creative artists whose careers straddle professional arts and academia. Whereas previous research has treated individuals as vehicles for knowledge transmission across intertwined networks, this study emphasizes their active role as knowledge brokers. It examines how work role transitions trigger a dynamic interplay between actors and contexts, and brings about changes in the cognitive frames of individuals and their propensity to connect knowledge across contexts. The study employs Bhabha’s concept of the ‘third space of hybridity’ to denote the agency space where career actors construct hybrid role identities and engage in knowledge brokering. The analysis identifies two categories of hybrid with different boundary-crossing careers and shows how work role transitions influence the topology of the third space where knowledge brokering occurs. The ‘artist-academics’ whose careers span art and academia concurrently experience recurrent micro-role transitions. They are ‘organic’ hybrids operating at the ‘overlapping space’ where knowledge translation and integration occur naturally in everyday work. They are ‘embedded’ knowledge brokers. The ‘artists-in-academia’, who cross over from the art world to academia, experience more permanent macro-role transitions. They are ‘intentional hybrids’ who make conscious efforts to bridge two discrete work domains by creating a separate ‘transitional space’. Their knowledge brokering activities are instrumental in transforming both their own knowledge and that of their work context: they are transformative knowledge brokers. The study advances our understanding of career mobility as a mechanism that facilitates creative knowledge combination by highlighting actor agency and the underlying cognitive-behavioural mechanisms.
Discrimination Complaints in the U.S. Federal Government: Reviewing Progress Under the No FEAR Act
Authors: Rubin Ellen V. , Alteri Ashley M.
Published: December 2017

The foundational goal of civil rights legislation is to reduce discrimination, in both the public and private sector. To understand the levels of perceived discrimination in the federal government, this research note examines 9 years of data reported under the requirements of the Notification and Federal Employee Antidiscrimination and Retaliation Act of 2002 (No FEAR Act). From 2006 to 2014, less than 1% of federal employees filed discrimination complaints each year, and the discrimination complaint rate did not significantly change over the time period. Race, color, and national origin were the most frequently claimed discrimination bases. Approximately half of all complaints alleged retaliation after filing an initial discrimination claim. In addition, federal employees most frequently claimed that discrimination occurred in the context of nonsexual harassment. This research note describes other trends in discrimination claims and proposes directions for future research.
Class Conditions and Urban Differentiation - ApplyingDistinction’s Methodology to the Community
Authors: Rosenlund Lennart
Published: December 2017

This article applies the methodology of Pierre Bourdieu’s major work, Distinction, to a community in South-Western Norway. It argues that the forces of social differentiation analyzed by Bourdieu operate on the national level and are also manifest on the community level. The two space constructs – the space of social positions and the space of lifestyles – are constructed by a multiple correspondence analysis of data from a survey of lifestyle. The characteristics of these results are then discussed in relation to another analysis, an ecological cluster analysis of demographic divisions within the physical space of the city. The analyses show that the same principles of social differentiation, volume and composition of capital, sway all three universes of class structure, of lifestyles and of physical space in the city.
Building the Ontario Surgical Oncology Program
Authors: Sullivan Terrence , Irish Jonathan
Published: December 2017

From the 1940s onward the establishment of an increasing number of cancer centres in Ontario concentrated predominantly on radiation and systemic therapy. Increasing attention to the organization of cancer surgery services in Ontario over the last 3 decades through measures led by Cancer Care Ontario has resulted in building a progressive provincial and regional surgical oncology network. These networks are rooted in leadership mobilization and have used quality data and best evidence to promote the elaboration of communities of practice to achieve better outcomes. This article briefly chronicles this journey and points to areas of progress.
The Evolution of Grooming: Concept and Term
Authors: Lanning Kenneth
Published: December 2017

This discussion is not intended to be a detailed analysis of the complexities and dynamics of grooming. Instead, it will focus on the evolution of the concept and the term. More than an historical narrative, however, this evolution provides valuable insight into recognizing the diverse nature of contact sex offenses against children and important differences among types of cases. In this victimization context, the term grooming generally refers to specific nonviolent techniques used by some child molesters to gain access to and control of their child victims. The techniques a child molester employs are most influenced by the relationship between the offender and the victim. Although acquaintance child molesters are sometimes violent, to avoid discovery, they tend to control their victims primarily through this seduction or grooming process. I believe the term was first used by a group of law enforcement investigators beginning in the late 1970s to describe aspects of a seduction pattern of offender behavior that was poorly understood by most professionals. The term grooming then evolved, as language does, and spread into more common usage by law enforcement, other professionals, and then by the media and laypersons. The term grooming has pretty much supplanted seduction as the term of choice for this behavior pattern. Hopefully, understanding the evolution of the concept of grooming, the diversity of cases, the need for precise and consistent definitions, and the use of nonviolent grooming techniques to access and control victims will help interveners to better respond to and evaluate cases.
The Living Experience of Suffering: Lakota Voices
Authors: PetersonLund Robin , Bunkers Sandra Schmidt
Published: December 2017

Suffering, as a universal humanuniverse living experience, was explored utilizing the Parsesciencing mode of inquiry. Ten Lakota historians engaged in discussion to answer the question, “What is your experience of suffering?” The discovery revealed the discerning extant moment of suffering as follows: Suffering is burdening anguish amid uplifting aspirations surfacing in persevering with divergent encounters.
The Experience of Korean Nurses During the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak
Authors: Im Sook-Bin , Baumann Steven L. , Ahn Mina , Kim Hyunok , Youn Bock-Hui , Park MinKyoung , Lee Ok-Ja
Published: December 2017

The authors in this article explore the experiences of eight South Korean nurses during an outbreak of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), which took place in the fall of 2015. These nurses were mandated to remain in isolation in an intensive care unit (ICU) dedicated to the treatment of the patients with the MERS virus for 7 days. Parse’s humanbecoming theory was used to frame the discussion. Three themes found in the nurse’s stories are discussed: feeling hopeless and cut off, feeling shame and overworked, and feeling pride in fulfilling a duty. The nurses discuss how they overcame the difficulties of their situation, which ultimately reinforced their identities as nurses.
Thoughts About Advancement of the Discipline: Dark Clouds and Bright Lights
Authors: Turkel Marian , Fawcett Jacqueline , Chinn Peggy L. , Eustace Rosemary , Hansell Phyllis Shanley , Smith Marlaine C. , Watson Jean , Zahourek Rothlyn
Published: December 2017

In this essay, several nurse scholars who are particularly concerned about the contemporary state of nursing science present their specific concerns (dark clouds) about the advancement of our discipline and the ways in which the concerns have been addressed (bright lights). This essay is the first of two essays that were catalyzed by Barrett’s paper, “Again, What Is Nursing Science?” The second essay will be published in the next issue Nursing Science Quarterly.
Programming Serious Games as a Master Course: Feasible or Not?
Authors: Xinogalos Stelios
Published: December 2017

Background. Higher education on simulation & gaming has a long history with several master degrees offered by Universities worldwide. Currently, the popularity of Serious Games (SGs) has resulted in an increased interest on relevant master degrees. Despite the large number of master degrees on games in general, the literature on designing and evaluating relevant courses in higher education is rather limited.

Aim. This article aims at contributing on the field of SGs higher education by reporting on the design and evaluation of a graduate course on ‘SGs Programming’. The course aims at providing students a holistic overview of SGs design, development and evaluation in a single course offered at a master degree that is not dedicated to simulation & gaming. The main goal of the pilot study presented was to investigate whether the proposed course can fulfill its objectives, as well as to draw conclusions on the design and deployment of the course that would be of interest to educators in the field of SGs.

Method. In order to evaluate the course in terms of students’ satisfaction and outcomes a specially designed questionnaire was filled in and analyzed, along with students’ performance in their artifacts and final exams.

Results. The results of the questionnaire combined with students’ performance show that the course fulfilled its goals in a high degree.

Conclusions. Teaching SGs design and programming in a single master course is feasible by applying an iterative, project-based and microworld approach, utilizing both educational and professional tools and programming languages.
View From the Penthouse: Epistemological Bumps and Emergent Metaphors as Method for Team Reflexivity
Authors: Park Melissa , Zafran Hiba
Published: December 2017

Research in health care occurs within interdisciplinary teams that include clinician–researchers who have multiple epistemological orientations. Rigor in collaborative projects requires reflexive attention to how the paradigmatic questions raised by diverse epistemological orientations, and the ethical stances of each researcher, shape findings. This methodological article draws on three events during an ethnography of stigma in psychiatry to define and illustrate how we used double hermeneutics in data analysis. This allowed us to examine the metaphors that emerged from what we are conceptualizing as “epistemological bumps.” This heightened the team’s awareness of the epistemological horizons and mixing that occurred, as well as revealing what mattered to each researcher, during the crafting of our research decisions and findings. We argue that interdisciplinary research on complex processes in health care requires this close examination of team experiences and moral stakes during collaborative analysis, and offer conceptual suggestions for reflexivity and rigor.
Ocrelizumab: A New B-cell Therapy for Relapsing Remitting and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Stahnke Amanda M. , Holt Kathryn M.
Published: December 2017

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of ocrelizumab, a new B-cell–targeted therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS). Data Sources: A comprehensive search of PubMed and OVID/MEDLINE was conducted using search terms ocrelizumab and multiple sclerosis using the date range of 1946 through October 2017. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language, human-subject articles related to ocrelizumab and MS were evaluated. Data Synthesis: Ocrelizumab was approved in March 2017 for the treatment of relapsing or primary progressive MS (PPMS). A phase II trial established 600 mg intravenously every 6 months as the preferred dosing schedule. Two phase III trials evaluated the efficacy of ocrelizumab in patients with relapsing remitting MS, and individual and pooled analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in annualized relapse rate ( P < 0.001 pooled), disability progression at 12 weeks ( P < 0.001 pooled), and gadolinium-enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; P < 0.001). Patients with PPMS were evaluated in a third phase III trial, which showed a significant decrease in disease progression at 12 weeks ( P = 0.03) and volume of T2-weighted lesions on MRI ( P < 0.001). As with other monoclonal antibodies, adverse effects seen with ocrelizumab were primarily infusion-related reactions and infection. Conclusions: Ocrelizumab demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of relapsing and PPMS and is the first therapy approved for patients with PPMS.
Effect of CT on Management Plan in Malleolar Ankle Fractures
Authors: Kumar Ashwani , Mishra Puneet , Tandon Anupama , Arora Rajesh , Chadha Manish
Published: December 2017

Background:

Conventionally ankle fractures have been classified using plain radiographs. Because of complex 3-dimensional anatomy and complexity of injuries, plain radiographs may not always be able to clearly depict the complete fracture pattern. There is a paucity of studies regarding the utility of computed tomography (CT) scanning in malleolar ankle fractures (MAFs). Hence, we conducted this study to further understand the role of the CT scan in MAFs.

Methods:

A prospective study of 56 consecutive malleolar ankle fractures was conducted. In the first evaluation by a team of 3 observers, a management plan was made based on plain radiographs. All patients received a CT scan evaluation with a standard protocol. The second evaluation by the same team included formulating an operative plan based on the CT.

Results:

In 13 (23.2%) cases, the management plan changed after CT evaluation. In most of the cases, the change in the management plan included an alteration in fixation of the posterior malleolus followed by lateral malleolus in 4 cases. Most of the changes took place in AO 44 type C followed by types B and A. Maximum change was noted in trimalleolar fractures followed by bimalleolar and unimalleolar. The most common morphological characteristic fracture identified on CT scan that was not evident on plain radiography was Chaput fracture in 17 cases.

Conclusion:

CT scan evaluation of MAFs changed the management plan in a significant number of cases, especially if the fractured fragment included a posterior malleolus, AO type C, and/or if 2 or more malleoli were fractured as noted on plain x rays.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Solitary Fibrous Tumors in Pediatric Patients: A Rare and Potentially Overdiagnosed Neoplasm, Confirmed by STAT6 Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Tan Serena Y , Szymanski Linda J , Galliani Carlos , Parham David , Zambrano Eduardo
Published: December 2017

Pathological diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) in the pediatric population is challenging, as it occurs uncommonly in this age-group and resembles other spindle cell neoplasms. SFT contains a NAB2–STAT6 fusion gene, which can be reliably detected using STAT6 immunohistochemistry. Positive staining is highly sensitive and specific. We sought to investigate the utility of STAT6 immunohistochemistry, to show how commonly SFT was historically recognized at 3 academic pediatric institutions, to reclassify them when appropriate, and to demonstrate features of major mimics of SFT. Our series included cases with a previous diagnosis of SFT or for which SFT was among key considerations, from 3 major academic pediatric hospitals seen over the past 30 years. Of 18 tumors identified, only 3 tumors from 2 patients demonstrated positive STAT6 staining as well as the typical histology and immunophenotype seen in SFT. The remaining 15 tumors were reclassified based on morphology, additional immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization as desmoid-type fibromatosis (3 tumors), nerve sheath/neural tumors (3 tumors), low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, medallion-like dermal fibroma, poorly differentiated Sertoli cell tumor, nodular/proliferative fasciitis, calcifying fibrous tumor, aneurysmal bone cyst of soft tissue, STAT6-negative SFT with adipocytic differentiation, undifferentiated small round blue cell tumor, and scar (1 tumor each). Our study confirms that SFT is rare in the pediatric population and that it is potentially overdiagnosed. STAT6 immunohistochemistry is recommended to confirm the diagnosis of SFT in the pediatric population.
Intracellular Lipid Droplets: From Structure to Function
Authors: Vanni Stefano
Published: December 2017

Lipid droplets (LDs) are unique intracellular organelles that are mainly constituted by neutral lipids (triglycerides, sterol esters). As such they serve as the main site of energy storage in the cell and they are akin to oil emulsions in water. To prevent the direct exposure of the hydrophobic neutral lipids to the aqueous environment of the cytosol, LDs are surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids that thus behave as a natural surfactant. This interfacial structure is rather unique inside the cell, but a molecular understanding of how the LD structure modulates its functions is still lacking, mainly due to technical challenges in both experimental and computational approaches to investigate oil-in-water emulsions. Recently, we have investigated the structure of LDs using a combination of existing and newly developed computational approaches that are optimized to study oil-water interfaces.1 Our simulations provide a comprehensive molecular characterization of the unique surface properties of LDs, suggesting structure-function relationship in several LD-related metabolic processes.
Narrative Landscape: The Transformation of Memory(scape) making in Gallipoli Peninsula
Authors: Erbaş Gürler Ebru , Yetişkin Ebru , Özer Başak
Published: December 2017

This article studies the transformation of commemoration and memorialization and the effects of this transformation on memory(scape) making in Turkey. The article focuses on the case study of the Gallipoli Peninsula where the most concentrated examples and intensive instances of commemoration and memorialization practices are represented. The article exposes contemporary political and social change in terms of landscape architecture and sociology by analyzing the transformation process in memory and memory(scape) making in Turkey. The article is based on ethnographic research patterns and concludes that the centralized secular memorialization practices in Gallipoli starting from the early 2000s until today were transformed into distributed narrative-based memorialization through religious and traditional values by using landscape as a fundamental element of memory(scape) making.
The design and development of MyT1DHero: A mobile app for adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents
Authors: Holtz Bree E , Murray Katharine M , Hershey Denise D , Richman Joshua , Dunneback Julie K , Vyas Arpita , Wood Michael A
Published: December 2017

Introduction

Type 1 diabetes impacts approximately 1.25 m Americans, many of them young children. As a child grows, there is a transition towards independence and they must learn to manage their diabetes independently. The objective of this study was to design, develop and conduct a prototype test to assess the satisfaction and feasibility of a mobile app for adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents to aid in this transition.

Methods

Ten parent/adolescent groups used MyT1DHero for four weeks. They were given a pre-test/post-test survey regarding family conflict with three tasks of diabetes management and the general tone of family communication. At post-test they were asked questions regarding their satisfaction and perception of ease of use of the app. They also participated in short interviews regarding the app. Additionally, we used server data to examine actual app usage.

Results

The parents’ perceptions of conflict around the results of the blood sugar tests increased ( t(9) = 2.71, p = .02) as did perceptions of conflict around logging the blood sugar results ( t(9) = 3.67, p = .005). The adolescents perceived increased conflict surrounding the results around logging the blood sugars results ( t(9) = 3.09, p = .01).There was no change in the tone of general family communication. During the prototype testing, we discovered that the app crashed repeatedly and several of the functions were not working properly. In the interview data, three main themes emerged, app-crashing issues, problems with notifications and positive feedback.

Discussion

Through this process, all of the reported issues were corrected and new features were planned for subsequent versions. A smartphone application has the potential to be a novel intervention for engaging adolescents and their parents in positive communication to support type 1 diabetes management.
Comparison of microstructure, mechanical properties, and residual stresses in tungsten inert gas, laser, and electron beam welding of Ti–5Al–2.5Sn titanium alloy
Authors: Junaid Massab , Rahman Khalid , Khan Fahd Nawaz , Bakhsh Nabi , Baig Mirza Nadeem
Published: December 2017

Electron beam welding (EBW), pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam welding (P-LBW), and pulsed tungsten inert gas (P-TIG) welding of Ti–5Al–2.5Sn alloy were performed in order to prepare full penetration weldments. Owing to relatively high power density of EBW and LBW, the fusion zone width of EBW weldment was approximately equal to P-LBW weldment. The absence of shielding gas due to vacuum environment in EBW was beneficial to the joint quality (low oxide contents). However, less cooling rates were achieved compared to P-LBW as an increase in heat-affected zone width and partial α′ martensitic transformation in fusion zone were observed in EBW weldments. The microstructure in fusion zone in both the EBW and P-TIG weldments comprised of both acicular α and α′ martensite within the prior β grains. Hardness of the fusion zone in EBW was higher than the fusion zone of P-TIG but less than the fusion zone of P-LBW weldments due to the observed microstructural differences. Notch tensile specimen of P-LBW showed higher load capacity, ductility and absorbed energy as compared to P-TIG and EBW specimens due to the presence of high strength α′ martensite phase. Maximum sheet distortions and tensile residual stresses were observed in P-TIG weldments due to high overall heat input. The lowest residual stresses were found in P-LBW weldments, which were tensile in nature. This was owing to high power density and higher cooling rates in P-LBW operation. EBW weldment exhibited the highest compressive residual stresses due to which the service life of EBW weldment is expected to improve.
Dust: perfect circularity
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Marijn , Nassar Aya
Published: December 2017

This essay centres on a recent exhibition in Whitechapel Gallery, London – A Handful of Dust, curated by David Campany. The exhibition focuses on the thing/concept/idea of dust and features the work and thoughts of artists (e.g. Duchamp), photographers (e.g. Man Ray) and others. In this essay, we walk through the exhibition, pausing at some of its displays while contextualising a number of its many themes in the emerging literature on dust. Dust, we argue, teaches geographers about the fragmentary, the indeterminate, and blurs the line between order and disorder. As we attune to dust and appreciate its movements, we learn to cultivate a culture of geography with fewer certainties about the stability of earth, air and light. Through it, with it, we question, and embrace, the never-ending playfulness and displacement of our bodies and the positions from which we see, write and dust the earth.
Adaptation of a structured story-dialogue method for action research with social movement activists
Authors: Poland Blake D , Cohen Roxanne
Published: December 2017

Dialogue and story-telling are essential elements of many qualitative methodologies and action research itself, reflecting the constructivist paradigm in which qualitative research (QR) and action research (AR) are grounded, and the co-construction of knowledge that takes place amongst research participants (in group settings) and researchers. This paper reports on the adaptation of a structured story-dialogue method for research with social movement activists undertaken in the form of a series of regional weekend workshops animated by researchers and attended by Transition movement leaders and participants from multiple locales, as part of a larger study ( www.transitionemergingstudy.ca ). We draw upon participant observation, animator reflections, research team meetings, participant feedback, as well as workshop materials, in relation to two different adaptations of Labonte and Feather’s original formulation (1996) and subsequent reflections (2011), setting this in the context of a broader literature on structured story-dialogue methods with groups. The potential of structured story-dialogue methods for research on, with and for social movements is highlighted.
Marijuana’s Moral Entrepreneurs, Then and Now
Authors: Vuolo Mike , Kadowaki Joy , Kelly Brian C.
Published: December 2017

comparing more than eight decades of anti-marijuana rhetoric shows how both anti-drug crusader harry j. anslinger and current attorney general jeff sessions fashioned themselves into national-level moral entrepreneurs.
The Queer Work of Militarized Prides
Authors: Irvine Janice M. , Irvine Jill A.
Published: December 2017

pride is always a site of contentious politics, from the protest within the parade to the public’s response and the state’s securitization. the militarization of prides blurs the line between marchers as normal citizens and dangerous deviants.