bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of gis and database program on website for concerned government office for environmental management under pes and biocarbon concepts
Authors: Phumkokrux Somkid , Phumkokrux Nutthakarn , Kiriwongwattana Komsan , O-In Supharerk , Abdulkade Akirat , Muenratch Preeyaporn , Jirasirichote Arisa
Published: March 2020

This study aims to develop GIS and database program for ecosystem services management, environmental management and policy planning for natural conservation in the representative areas under the Integrated Community-based Forest and Catchment Management through an Ecosystem Services Approach project (CBFCM) by using Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) and Biological storage of carbon (BioCarbon) concepts. At first, the concerned data were collected by brainstorming of the needs of GIS and database program with staffs from 4 pilot areas in Thailand: Mae Sa watershed area in Chiang Mai, Lam Sae Bai River Basin in Ubon Ratchathani, Tha Chin watershed area in Samut Sakhon and Phangan River Basin in Surat Thani. Then, the situations and variables which affect to natural resources were analysed. Secondly, GIS and database program were designed and developed. However, the program can be divided into 3 sub-programs for different proposes which are; (1) to enhance coordinated and follow-up performance of change of PES and Bio-carbon concept, (2) to increase communication and training for delegate areas to understand about PES and BioCarbon concept and (3) to collect and manage data and information for representative areas.
Online tool based on Tundish steel CFD model to monitor and minimise steel intermix in CC slabs
Authors: De Santis M. , De Santis N. , Fera D. , Tonelli R. , Oktay S. , Oran A.
Published: March 2020

An online tool based on computational fluid dynamics modelling was developed, validated and applied to Colakoglu Metallurji 2-strands slab caster to monitor and manage steel intermixing in tundish at ladle change. The tool allows to reduce the length of the slabs with intermixed steel. Different tundish layout and operating conditions are accounted for as slab size, presence of flow modifiers in tundish, tundish refill time, casting speed (also different from strand to strand), steel grade. The tool was developed by CSM following the suggestions and needs of Colakoglu Metallurji, who provided to a successful validation of such tool, both with slab sampling and support for installation and testing. As a result, the tool has been integrated into the Colakoglu CC2 control system and is currently used offline for optimizing a priori mixed grade production scheduling, and online for slab cutting optimization in order to reduce the downgraded product amount.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for Barrett’s esophagus (BE)-related early neoplasia after standard endoscopic management is feasible and safe
Authors: Tomizawa Yutaka , Friedland Shai , Hwang Joo Ha
Published: March 2020

Background and study aims There is little data on the feasibility and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) as a salvage treatment for Barrett’s esophagus (BE)-related neoplasia after standard endoscopic treatments.

Patients and methods A multicenter retrospective analysis on patients who underwent ESD for BE was performed. The primary endpoint was effectiveness of obtaining en-bloc resection in salvage as compared to non-salvage treatments.

Results Median age was 71 (IQR 55 – 79) years. Twelve (37%) of 32 patients underwent salvage ESD. Median resection time was 100 (IQR 60 – 136) minutes. En-bloc resection was achieved in 31 patients (97 %). Complete R0 resection was obtained in 75 % in the salvage group and 80 % in the non-salvage group (P = 1.00). In seven patients (22 %), the pre-ESD diagnosis was upgraded on post-ESD histopathology (1 low-grade dysplasia to high grade dysplasia [HGD], 4 HGD to early esophageal carcinoma (EAC), and 2 intramucosal EAC to invasive EAC). No perforations occurred in either group. Two late adverse events occurred, both in the salvage group (P = 0.133). Delayed bleeding occurred in a patient who had just resumed warfarin and stricture occurred in a patient who had a circumferential resection requiring serial dilation and stent placement.

Conclusions Our cohort study demonstrated that ESD as salvage therapy for BE related neoplasia is feasible and safe, achieving similar high rates of en-bloc resection and complete R0 resection as in treatment-naïve patients. Referral to an expert center performing ESD should be considered for patients with recurrence or progression following endoscopic mucosal resection or ablation therapy.
Cuffitis: is an endoscopic approach possible?
Authors: Serrero Mélanie , Santoni Aurélia , Grimaud Jean-Charles , Desjeux Ariadne , Gonzalez Jean-Michel , Barthet Marc
Published: March 2020

Background Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the reference surgical treatment for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) refractory to medical treatment. One of the complications is leaving a strip of rectal mucosa which can be a cause of persistent inflammation or cuffitis. The objective of our study is to present an endoscopic approach for the treatment of cuffitis.

Methods This retrospective study included three patients who suffered from cuffitis after a proctocolectomy with IPAA for UC refractory to medical treatment. An endoscopic resection of the cuffitis was performed by the same operator. Two different techniques were used: hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for one patient and mucosectomy with cap and resection for the two others.

Results The endoscopic treatment was performed successfully in all three patients. The only complication observed was rectal bleeding which did not require endoscopic revision. The three patients are now asymptomatic.

Conclusion Endoscopic treatment of cuffitis appears to be an interesting approach with few complications in the short term and good clinical efficacy.
Magnification endoscopy in combination with acetic acid enhancement and narrow-band imaging for the accurate diagnosis of colonic neoplasms
Authors: Shibagaki Kotaro , Ishimura Norihisa , Yuki Takafumi , Taniguchi Hideaki , Aimi Masahito , Kobayashi Keita , Kotani Satoshi , Yazaki Tomotaka , Yamashita Noritsugu , Tamagawa Yuji , Mishiro Tsuyoshi , Ishihara Shunji , Yasuda Akira , Kinshita Yoshikazu
Published: March 2020

Background and study aims Magnification endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (NBIME) and NBIME with acetic acid enhancement (A-NBIME) enable visualization of the vascular and microstructural patterns of colorectal polyp. We compared the diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility of white light endoscopy (WLE), NBIME, and A-NBIME for predictive histologic diagnosis.

Patients and methods Consecutive colorectal polyps (N = 628; 38 hyperplasias, 488 adenomas, 72 M-SM1 cancers, and 30 SM2 cancers) were photographed with WLE, NBIME, and A-NBIME. Endoscopic images were independently reviewed by three experts, according to the traditional criteria for WLE, the Japan NBI Expert Team classification for NBIME, and pit pattern classification for A-NBIME to compare diagnostic accuracy and interobserver diagnostic agreement among modalities.

Results The specificity (95 % confidence interval) of hyperplasia and SM2 cancer with WLE were 98.2 % (96.8 %–99.1%) and 99.4 % (98.5 %–99.9 %), respectively, showing high accuracy for endoscopic resection without magnifying observation. Diagnostic accuracy of WLE, NBIME, and A-NBIME was 80.8 % (77.4 %–83.8 %), 79.3 % (75.9 %–82.4 %), and 86.1 % (83.2 %–88.7 %), respectively, showing the highest accuracy for A-NBIME among modalities (P < .05). NBIME showed a lower PPV for M-SM1 cancer (P < .05), as with WLE (P = .08) compared to A-NBIME. Fleiss’s kappa values for WLE, NBIME, and A-NBIME diagnosis were 0.43 (0.39 – 0.46), 0.52 (0.49 – 0.56) and 0.65 (0.62 – 0.69), respectively, showing insufficient reproducibility of WLE and superiority of A-NBIME among modalities.

Conclusion WLE showed high accuracy for endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps in expert diagnosis. NBIME demonstrated a higher diagnostic reproducibility than WLE. A-NBIME showed possible superiority among modalities in both diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility.
Endoscopic sphincterotomy to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis in patients with biliary neoplasms: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tamura Takashi , Ogura Takeshi , Takenaka Mamoru , Tanioka Kensuke , Itonaga Masahiro , Yamao Kentaro , Kamata Ken , Hirono Seiko , Okada Ken-ichi , Imanishi Miyuki , Higuchi Kazuhide , Yamaue Hiroki , Kitano Masayuki
Published: March 2020

Background and aims Treatment of biliary neoplasms often involves multiple endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-related procedures. Endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) may prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). This retrospective, multicenter cohort study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of ES for prevention of PEP in patients with biliary neoplasm.

Methods Patients with biliary duct neoplasm who underwent ERCP between January 2006 and December 2016 were enrolled. The frequency of PEP was compared between the ES and non-ES groups using propensity score analysis. The effectiveness of ES in subgroups of patients who underwent biliary duct stent placement, intraductal ultrasound (IDUS), and transpapillary biliary duct biopsy was analyzed by logistic regression.

Results Of the 362 patients enrolled, 84 (23.2 %) developed PEP. Propensity score matching for PEP risk factors in 172 ERCP procedures showed that the frequency of PEP in the ES group was lower than that in the non-ES group (19.7 % vs. 33.7 %). Non-ES was also an independent risk factor for PEP in patients who underwent intraductal ultrasound and transpapillary biliary duct biopsy (RR = 4.54 and 5.26), but was not an independent risk factor for PEP in patients with biliary duct stents. In addition, there was no evidence that the frequency of PEP was statistically different between patients with plastic stents and metal stents in the ES and non-ES groups (P = 0.14 and 0.10).

Conclusions ES is an effective technique to prevent PEP in patients with biliary neoplasms. In particular, ES is a safe technique to prevent PEP when performing IDUS and transpapillary biliary duct biopsy.
Methods and visualization tools for the analysis of medical, political and scientific concepts in Genealogies of Knowledge
Authors: Luz Saturnino , Sheehan Shane
Published: March 2020

An approach to establishing requirements and developing visualization tools for scholarly work is presented which involves, iteratively: reviewing published methodology, in situ observation of scholars at work, software prototyping, analysis of scholarly output produced with the support of text visualization software, and interviews with users. This approach is embodied by the software co-designed by researchers working on the Genealogies of Knowledge project. This paper describes our co-design methodology and the resulting software, presenting case studies demonstrating its use in test analyses, and discussing methodological implications in the context of the Genealogies of Knowledge corpus-based approach to the study of medical, scientific, and political concepts.
Influence of BiFeO3 crystallographic phase on the enhanced interfacial magnetization in BiFeO3/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 heterostructures
Authors: Singh Anar , Dong Kaifeng , Chen Jingsheng
Published: March 2020

Large induced magnetization is observed in rhombohedral-like BiFeO3 (RBFO) when grown on a ferromagnetic La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 layer. This magnetization survives up to room temperature and is strongly influenced by the deposition conditions and crystallographic phase of BiFeO3. The magnetization in RBFO is induced by the Fe–O–Mn ferromagnetic (FM) superexchange (SE) interaction, after a strong hybridization between Fe and Mn orbitals mediate through oxygen orbitals, which enhances the spin canting in a BFO layer near the interface. The reduction in the magnetization of BFO due to change in its growth conditions is caused by the altered oxygen content in the interfacial region, which has a direct impact on the FM SE Fe–O–Mn coupling at the interface. In marked contrast, the induced magnetization in the super-tetragonal phase (TBFO) of BFO, in which the canting of Fe spins is forbidden by the symmetry, shows a comparatively very small moment, which vanishes below the room temperature (∼200 K). We propose that the ferromagnetic ordering induced in TBFO is limited to the adjoined section only, whereas it extended to a certain degree of bulk in RBFO. A spin-glass like state is also observed in BiFeO3/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 heterostructure with irreversible temperature ∼100 K.
Coherent phonon generation in laser-heated gold nanofilm
Authors: Wang Xuan , Li Junjie , Cao Jianming
Published: March 2020

We have studied the mechanism of coherent acoustic phonon generation in gold nanofilm induced by ultrafast laser-heating. Under the non-equilibrium condition when the lattice heating time is much longer than the film vibration period, we clearly identified the contribution of electronic thermal stress to drive the lattice motion and successfully measured the electronic Grüneisen parameter γe to be 1.6 ± 0.3. We also found that lattice heating via the electron–phonon coupling process lagged behind the coherent lattice motion, which we attributed to the prolonged thermalization process of the laser-excited non-thermal electrons under high pumping conditions. By taking such a process into account, the improved model fit our experimental data much better, and the extracted γe of gold was still around 1.6.
Improved lifetime of a high spin polarization superlattice photocathode
Authors: Bae Jai Kwan , Galdi Alice , Cultrera Luca , Ikponmwen Frank , Maxson Jared , Bazarov Ivan
Published: March 2020

Negative Electron Affinity (NEA) activated surfaces are required to extract highly spin-polarized electron beams from GaAs-based photocathodes, but they suffer extreme sensitivity to poor vacuum conditions that results in rapid degradation of quantum efficiency. We report on a series of unconventional NEA activations on surfaces of bulk GaAs with Cs, Sb, and O2 using different methods of oxygen exposure for optimizing photocathode performance. One order of magnitude improvement in lifetime with respect to the standard Cs–O2 activation is achieved without significant loss of electron spin polarization and quantum efficiency by codepositing Cs, Sb, and O2. A strained GaAs/GaAsP superlattice sample activated with the codeposition method demonstrated similar enhancement in lifetime near the photoemission threshold while maintaining 90% spin polarization.
A new double crystal calibration system for absolute x-ray emission measurements down to ∼1 keV energies
Authors: Hobbs L. M. R. , Brant S. , Brent K. , Hoarty D. , Bentley C.
Published: March 2020

Over the past few years, work has been conducted at AWE to accurately characterize x-ray diffraction crystals to allow for absolute measurements of x-ray emission for our Orion opacity campaigns. Diffraction crystals are used in spectrometers on Orion to record the dispersed spectral features emitted by the laser produced plasma to obtain a measurement of the plasma conditions. Previously, based on a Manson x-ray source, our calibration system struggled to attain a high signal at the low energies required in calibration for the use of aluminum as a tracer for higher atomic number experiments. Here, we present data from the newly commissioned CTX400 x-ray source, a twin anode water cooled system, showing it to be a bright source even for ∼1 keV energies. Rocking curve measurements for three of the most commonly used crystals, namely, pentaerythritol, cesium acid phthalate, and germanium, are presented for both convex and flat forms.
Modeling the 3-D structure of ignition experiments at the NIF
Authors: Nora R. , Field J. E. , Spears B. K. , Casey D. T. , Kruse M. K. G. , Mariscal D. A. , Patel P.
Published: March 2020

This work details a model used to infer the 3-D structure of the stagnated hot-spot and shell of inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments at the National Ignition Facility. The model assumes that 3-D low-mode drive perturbations can account for the majority of stagnation asymmetries experimentally observed. It uses an adaptive sampling algorithm to navigate the 24-D input parameter space to find a 3-D x-ray flux asymmetry whose application to an otherwise symmetric implosion results in a consistent match between synthetic and experimental diagnostic observables. The model is applied to a series of experiments and is able to achieve a consistent match for over 41 different observables, providing a high-fidelity reconstruction of the stagnation hot-spot and shell profile.
DFTB+, a software package for efficient approximate density functional theory based atomistic simulations
Authors: Hourahine B. , Aradi B. , Blum V. , Bonafé F. , Buccheri A. , Camacho C. , Cevallos C. , Deshaye M. Y. , Dumitrică T. , Dominguez A. , Ehlert S. , Elstner M. , van der Heide T. , Hermann J. , Irle S. , Kranz J. J. , Köhler C. , Kowalczyk T. , Kubař T. , Lee I. S. , Lutsker V. , Maurer R. J. , Min S. K. , Mitchell I. , Negre C. , Niehaus T. A. , Niklasson A. M. N. , Page A. J. , Pecchia A. , Penazzi G. , Persson M. P. , Řezáč J. , Sánchez C. G. , Sternberg M. , Stöhr M. , Stuckenberg F. , Tkatchenko A. , Yu V. W.-z. , Frauenheim T.
Published: March 2020

DFTB+ is a versatile community developed open source software package offering fast and efficient methods for carrying out atomistic quantum mechanical simulations. By implementing various methods approximating density functional theory (DFT), such as the density functional based tight binding (DFTB) and the extended tight binding method, it enables simulations of large systems and long timescales with reasonable accuracy while being considerably faster for typical simulations than the respective ab initio methods. Based on the DFTB framework, it additionally offers approximated versions of various DFT extensions including hybrid functionals, time dependent formalism for treating excited systems, electron transport using non-equilibrium Green’s functions, and many more. DFTB+ can be used as a user-friendly standalone application in addition to being embedded into other software packages as a library or acting as a calculation-server accessed by socket communication. We give an overview of the recently developed capabilities of the DFTB+ code, demonstrating with a few use case examples, discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the various features, and also discuss on-going developments and possible future perspectives.
Reconciling computational and experimental trends in the temperature dependence of the interfacial mobility of polymer films
Authors: Zhang Wengang , Starr Francis W. , Douglas Jack F.
Published: March 2020

Many measurements have indicated that thin polymer films in their glass state exhibit a mobile interfacial layer that grows in thickness upon heating, while some measurements indicate the opposite trend. Moreover, simulations and limited measurements on glass-forming liquids at temperatures above the glass transition temperature Tg exhibit a growing interfacial mobility scale ξ upon cooling. To better understand these seemingly contradictory trends, we perform molecular dynamics simulations over a temperature regime for which our simulated polymer film enters a non-equilibrium glassy state and find that the relaxation time τα within the film interior, relative to the polymer–air interfacial layer, exhibits a maximum near the computational Tg. Correspondingly, we also observe that the interfacial mobility length scale exhibits a maximum near Tg, explaining the apparent reversal in the temperature dependence of this scale between the glass and liquid states. We show that the non-monotonic variation of ξ and the relative interfacial mobility to the film interior arise qualitatively from a non-monotonic variation of the gradient of the effective activation free energy of the film; we then obtain a quantitative description of this phenomenon by introducing a phenomenological model that describes the relaxation time layer-by-layer in the film for a temperature range both above and below Tg of the film as a whole. This analysis reveals that the non-monotonic trend in the relative interfacial mobility and ξ both arise primarily from the distinctive temperature dependence of relaxation in the interfacial layer, which apparently remains in local equilibrium over the whole temperature range investigated.
Interaction of CO and O2 with supported Pt single-atoms on TiO2(110)
Authors: Dong Shi-hui , Wang Ao-lei , Zhao Jin , Tan Shi-jing , Wang Bing
Published: March 2020

In view of the high activity of Pt single atoms in the low-temperature oxidation of CO, we investigate the adsorption behavior of Pt single atoms on reduced rutile TiO2(110) surface and their interaction with CO and O2 molecules using scanning tunneling microscopy and density function theory calculations. Pt single atoms were prepared on the TiO2(110) surface at 80 K, showing their preferred adsorption sites at the oxygen vacancies. We characterized the adsorption configurations of CO and O2 molecules separately to the TiO2-supported Pt single atom samples at 80 K. It is found that the Pt single atoms tend to capture one CO to form Pt-CO complexes, with the CO molecule bonding to the fivefold coordinated Ti (Ti5c) atom at the next nearest neighbor site. After annealing the sample from 80 K to 100 K, CO molecules may diffuse, forming another type of complexes, Pt-(CO)2. For O2 adsorption, each Pt single atom may also capture one O2 molecule, forming Pt-O2 complexes with O2 molecule bonding to either the nearest or the next nearest neighboring Ti5c sites. Our study provides the single-molecule-level knowledge of the interaction of CO and O2 with Pt single atoms, which represent the important initial states of the reaction between CO and O2.
Crossed beam experiment on the validity of Born-Oppenheimer
approximation in Cl(2P)+D2→DCl+D reaction
Authors: Xie Yu-run , Wang Yu-feng , Wang Wei , Wang Tao , Dai Dong-xu , Xiao Chun-lei , Yang Xue-ming
Published: March 2020

The reaction of chlorine atom Cl(2P) (Cl(2P3/2) and Cl∗(2P1/2)) with D2 was investigated at collision energy from 4.5 kcal/mol to 6.5 kcal/mol with a high-resolution crossed molecular beam apparatus using the technique of D-atom Rydberg tagging detection. The contribution from the spin-orbit excited reaction Cl∗(2P1/2)+D2, which is prohibited by Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation, was observed. Collision-energy dependence of differential cross sections (DCSs) near the backward scattering direction was measured. The BO-forbidden reaction Cl∗+D2 was found to be dominant at lower collision energy. As collision energy increases, reactivity of BO-allowed reaction Cl+D2 increases much faster than that of BO-forbidden reaction and becomes dominant at higher collision energy. Our experiment indicates that the additional energy of spin-orbit excitation in Cl∗ facilitates BO-forbidden reaction to pass through the barrier at lower collision energy, while BO approximation is still valid at collision energy near and above the reaction barrier. This tendency of reactivity of Cl/Cl∗+D2 is similar to the isotopic reaction of Cl/Cl∗+H2.
Free energy level correction by Monte Carlo resampling with weighted
histogram analysis method
Authors: Chung Seyoung , Choi Sun Mi , Lee Wook , Cho Kwang Hyun , Rhee Young Min
Published: March 2020

Free energy calculations may provide vital information for studying various chemical and biological processes. Quantum mechanical methods are required to accurately describe interaction energies, but their computations are often too demanding for conformational sampling. As a remedy, level correction schemes that allow calculating high level free energies based on conformations from lower level simulations have been developed. Here, we present a variation of a Monte Carlo (MC) resampling approach in relation to the weighted histogram analysis method (WHAM). We show that our scheme can generate free energy surfaces that can practically converge to the exact one with sufficient sampling, and that it treats cases with insufficient sampling in a more stable manner than the conventional WHAM-based level correction scheme. It can also provide a guide for checking the uncertainty of the level-corrected surface and a well-defined criterion for deciding the extent of smoothing on the free energy surface for its visual improvement. We demonstrate these aspects by obtaining the free energy maps associated with the alanine dipeptide and proton transfer network of the KillerRed protein in explicit water, and exemplify that the MC resampled WHAM scheme can be a practical tool for producing free energy surfaces of realistic systems.
Application of laser dispersion method in apparatus combining H atom Rydberg
tagging time-of-flight technique with vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser
Authors: Chang Yao , He Zhi-gang , Luo Zi-jie , Zhou Jia-mi , Zhang Zhi-guo , Chen Zhi-chao , Yang Jia-yue , Yu Yong , Li Qin-ming , Che Li , Wu Guo-rong , Wang Xing-an , Yang Xue-ming , Yuan Kai-jun
Published: March 2020

Photodissociation of H2S in the VUV region plays an important role in the atmospheric chemistry and interstellar chemistry. To date, however, few studies have been focused on this topic. In this article, we have described a laser dispersion method applied in the apparatus combining the high-n H atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight technique with the vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser (VUV FEL). The Lyman-α laser beam (121.6 nm) used in the H-atom detection was generated by the difference frequency four-wave mixing schemes in a Kr/Ar gas cell. After passing through an off-axis biconvex LiF lens, the 121.6 nm beam was dispersed from the 212.6 nm and 845 nm beams due to the different deflection angles experienced by these laser beams at the surfaces of the biconvex lens. This method can eliminate the background signal from the 212.6 nm photolysis. Combined with the VUV FEL, photodissociation of H2S at 122.95 nm was studied successfully. The TOF spectrum was measured and the derived total kinetic energy release spectrum was displayed. The results suggest that the experimental setup is a powerful tool for investigating photodissociation dynamics of molecules in the VUV region which involves the H-atom elimination processes.
Replacing corn bran and soybean meal in the diet with spineless cactus and cottonseed affects ingestive behaviour, performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Murrah water buffalo
Authors: Batista Joseane N. , Pereira Fabrício B. , Pereira Filho José M. , de Lima Junior Valdi , dos Santos Viviany L. F. , Araújo Marcos J. , Moura José F. P. , Pereira Elzania S. , Oliveira Ronaldo L. , Bezerra Leilson R.
Published: March 2020

Context
The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is a valuable species in part because it is a multipurpose animal; its milk, horns and skin are all useful, and its meat is rich and nutritious. However, water buffalo meat still suffers many marketing restrictions.

Aims
The present study evaluated performance, ingestive behaviour, carcass characteristics and meat quality.

Methods
We examined the meat of 24 Murrah water buffaloes that weighed 287.8±1.8 kg and were divided into four groups that received 0, 250, 500 or 750 g/kg dry matter (DM) of a 3:2 blend of spineless cactus–cottonseed (henceforth, referred to as the blend) for 125 days in a completely randomised design.

Key results
The inclusion of the blend resulted in diets with increased moisture and crude protein intake at 250 g/kg inclusion and reduced intakes of non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients per kilogram DM, which led to an increased DM intake, but significantly lower (P<0.001) final bodyweight, average daily gain, and hot carcass weight, thus resulting in a significantly lower (P< 0.001) growth efficiency. Moreover, there was a reduction in the ammonia-nitrogen concentration and time spent drinking (P≤0.05). The ruminal pH and time spent feeding, chewing and defecating increased (P≤0.05), the fat content and colour parameters of the water buffalo meat increased, and the shear force decreased (P≤0.05) in response to the inclusion of the 3:2 blend of spineless cactus–cottonseed in the diet. The time spent on both rumination and urination, most of the physicochemical properties, and the consumer appeal of the meat, were not affected by the inclusion of the blend (P>0.05).

Conclusion
The 3:2 blend of spineless cactus–cottonseed is not an effective replacement for corn bran and soybean meal in buffalo diets because, despite improving the rumen pH, the blend reduces the performance and carcass characteristics of the water buffalo. However, the fat content, coloration and softness of the meat improved, which is of commercial importance.

Implications
The inclusion of the spineless cactus–cottonseed blend in place of the high-concentrate diet did not affect the consumer appeal of the meat. The meat characteristics were scored as ‘like moderately’ (6–7 on a 9-point hedonic scale). On the basis of the scores of the panellists, all of the meats were well accepted.
Discovery of Cyclotides from Australasian Plants
Authors: Kan Meng-Wei , Craik David J.
Published: March 2020

This article is part of a special issue celebrating the contributions of Professor Paul Alewood to peptide science. We begin by providing a summary of collaborative projects between the Alewood and Craik groups at The University of Queensland and highlighting the impacts of some of these studies. In particular, studies on the discovery, synthesis, structures, and bioactivities of disulfide-rich toxins from animal venoms have led to a greater understanding of the biology of ion channels and to applications of these bioactive peptides in drug design. The second part of the article focuses on plant-derived disulfide-rich cyclic peptides, known as cyclotides, and includes an analysis of the geographical distribution of Australasian plant species that contain cyclotides as well as an analysis of the diversity of cyclotide sequences found in Australasian plants. This should provide a useful resource for researchers to access native cyclotides and explore their chemistry and biology.
Immature individuals dominate elasmobranch fisheries of the Bali Strait
Authors: Winter Sara Tabea , Fahmi  , Rudianto Didik , Laglbauer Betty J. L. , Ender Isabel , Simpfendorfer Colin A.
Published: March 2020

Elasmobranchs play an important role in the functioning of marine ecosystems and top-down control in food webs. However, overexploitation threatens elasmobranch populations worldwide. Indonesia is currently the leading elasmobranch fishing nation, yet elasmobranch management in Indonesia is challenging because of the paucity of data on elasmobranch fisheries, especially at a species level. This study examined the elasmobranch fisheries of the Bali Strait by describing the species, sex and size composition of the elasmobranch catch landed at a major port in Eastern Java, Indonesia. Data were collected between August 2017 and March 2018 in Muncar. Elasmobranchs were identified to species level and sexed. The disc width and length of 301 rays and the precaudal length and fork length of 1657 sharks were measured. In all, 53 species were identified, many of which are at conservation risk, including species with national and international protection. Vulnerability to fishing gear varied across sex and size of each species, with immature individuals dominating the catch of most species. The findings emphasise the need for improved management of elasmobranchs in Indonesia and could help identify priorities or form strategies. Additional regional and fisheries-specific research is recommended to develop efficient and locally adapted management strategies.
Evaluating wildland fire liability standards – does regulation incentivise good management?
Authors: Lauer Christopher J. , Montgomery Claire A. , Dietterich Thomas G.
Published: March 2020

Fire spread on forested landscapes depends on vegetation conditions across the landscape that affect the fire arrival probability and forest stand value. Landowners can control some forest characteristics that facilitate fire spread, and when a single landowner controls the entire landscape, a rational landowner accounts for spatial interactions when making management decisions. With multiple landowners, management activity by one may impact outcomes for the others. Various liability regulations have been proposed, and some enacted, to make landowners account for these impacts by changing the incentives they face. In this paper, the effects of two different types of liability regulations are examined – strict liability and negligence standards. We incorporate spatial information into a model of land manager decision-making about the timing and spatial location of timber harvest and fuel treatment. The problem is formulated as a dynamic game and solved via multi-agent approximate dynamic programming. We found that, in some cases, liability regulation can increase expected land values for individual land ownerships and for the landscape as a whole. But in other cases, it may create perverse incentives that reduce expected land value. We also showed that regulations may increase risk for individual landowners by increasing the variability of potential outcomes.
Diving into English motion verbs from a lexico-semantic approach
Authors: Durán-Muñoz Isabel , L’Homme Marie-Claude
Published: March 2020

This paper presents an analysis of English motion verbs in the specialized field of adventure tourism and proposes a terminological description of these verbs from a lexico-semantic approach. Motion verbs play a significant role in adventure tourism as they express central actions that are carried out in this domain and connect participants, such as tourists, places and typical instruments to these actions. The analysis aims to reveal how the linguistic properties of these verbs and their interactions with participants contribute to the expression of knowledge. After stating our assumptions and reviewing previous work, the article describes a corpus-based methodology to identify relevant verbs and the different steps taken to implement their description in theDicoAdventuredatabase. The methodology comprises three main steps and is illustrated by applying it to a set of motion verbs extracted from theAdvencorcorpus.
Morphosyntactic and semantic behaviour of legal phraseological units
Authors: Hourani-Martín Dunia , Tabares-Plasencia Encarnación
Published: March 2020

This paper analyses the morphosyntactic and semantic behaviour of a sample of verb-noun constructions (VNCs, Tabares Plasencia 2012) from the corpus CRIMO (Hourani Martín and Tabares Plasencia 2016), a specialised comparable corpus of different varieties of Spanish that
comprises the legislation on criminal law and criminal procedure from the Hispanic states. Our analysis revealed that topolectal
variation is common despite attempts by international organisations to harmonise the terminology used in this legal subdomain. It
will also be demonstrated that transformations of VNCs are pragmatically motivated and conditioned by the context. Examining these
transformations reveals conventions of specialised discourse and textual genre which is why their representation in
terminographical tools should be considered as they are an important means for a translator to achieve the adequacy and
naturalness required for legal translation.
Realization of the ITS-90 from 273.16 K to 692.677 K
Authors: Pokhodun A I , Rudtsch S , Ivanova A G , Beketov N A
Published: March 2020

The bilateral comparison of the ITS-90 realizations at the National Metrological Institutes of Germany (PTB) and the Russian Federation (VNIIM) in the temperature range from 273,16 K to 692,677 K was initiated by the Technical Committee on "Thermometry and thermal physics" TC1.10 of COOMET.

The purpose of the comparison was to evaluate the differences between the realizations of the national standards in the most essential temperature range with the highest requirements to the measurement uncertainty. This temperature range includes five ITS-90 fixed points: the triple point of water, the melting point of gallium, the freezing points of indium, tin and zinc.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Symmetry-breaking and zero-one laws
Authors: Dowker Fay , Sorkin Rafael D
Published: March 2020

We offer further evidence that discreteness of the sort inherent in a causal set cannot, in and of itself, serve to break Poincaré invariance. In particular we prove that a Poisson sprinkling of Minkowski spacetime cannot endow spacetime with a distinguished spatial or temporal orientation, or with a distinguished lattice of spacetime points, or with a distinguished lattice of timelike directions (corresponding respectively to breakings of reflection-invariance, translation-invariance, and Lorentz invariance). Along the way we provide a proof from first principles of the zero-one law on which our new arguments are based.
Cross-diffusion on multiplex networks
Authors: Gao Shupeng , Chang Lili , Wang Xinyu , Liu Chen , Li Xuelong , Wang Zhen
Published: March 2020

During the past decades, pattern formulation with reaction–diffusion systems has attracted great research interest. Complex networks, from single-layer networks to more complicated multiplex networks, have made great contribution to the development of this area, especially with emergence of Turing patterns. While among vast majority of existing works on multiplex networks, they only take into account the simple case with ordinary diffusion, which is termed as self-diffusion. However, cross-diffusion, as a significant phenomenon, reveals the direction of species’ movement, and is widely found in chemical, biological and physical systems. Therefore, we study the pattern formulation on multiplex networks with the presence of both self-diffusion and cross-diffusion. Of particular interest, heterogeneous patterns with abundant characteristics are generated, which cannot arise in other systems. Through linear analysis, we theoretically derive the Turing instabilities region. Besides, our numerical experiments also generate diverse patterns, which verify the theoretical prediction in our work and show the impact of cross-diffusion on pattern formulation on multiplex networks.
Strain and electric field control of magnetism in La(1--x)SrxMnO3 thin films on ferroelectric BaTiO3 substrates
Authors: Schmitz Markus , Weber Alexander , Petracic Oleg , Waschk Markus , Zakalek Paul , Mattauch Stefan , Koutsioubas Alexandros , Brückel Thomas
Published: March 2020

We report on the observation of strain- and magneto-electric coupling in a system consisting of a thin film of ferromagnetic La(1−x)Sr
x
MnO3 (LSMO, x = 0.5 and 0.3) on a ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BTO) substrate. Pronounced magnetization steps occur at the BTO structural phase transitions. We associate these steps with a strain induced change of the magnetic anisotropy. Temperature dependent magneto-electric coupling could be evidenced by the magnetic response to an applied AC electric field in all ferroelectric phases of the BTO substrate. In a DC electric field, the magnetization changes are asymmetric with respect to the polarity. Polarized neutron reflectometry hints to oxygen migration as possible mechanism for this asymmetry. It also reveals strain-induced magnetization changes throughout most of the thickness of 252 Å (x = 0.5) and 360 Å (x = 0.3), respectively, of the LSMO layer. We conclude that the change of the magnetization depth profile at the interface as previously proposed by ab initio calculations is not the relevant mechanism. Instead strain, oxygen vacancies and frustration at interfacial steps dominate the magnetic response to an applied electric field.
Learning pairing symmetries in disordered superconductors using spin-polarized local density of states
Authors: Chen Liang , Wang Chen-Xi , Han Rong-Sheng , Zhang Ye-Qi
Published: March 2020

We construct an artificial neural network to study the pairing symmetries in disordered superconductors. For Hamiltonians on square lattice with s-wave, d-wave, and nematic pairing potentials, we use the spin-polarized local density of states near a magnetic impurity in the clean system to train the neural network. We find that, when the depth of the artificial neural network is sufficient large, it will have the power to predict the pairing symmetries in disordered superconductors. In a large parameter regime of the potential disorder, the artificial neural network predicts the correct pairing symmetries with relatively high confidences.
Three-player polaritons: nonadiabatic fingerprints in an entangled atom–molecule–photon system
Authors: Szidarovszky Tamás , Halász Gábor J , Vibók Ágnes
Published: March 2020

A quantum system composed of a molecule and an atomic ensemble, confined in a microscopic cavity, is investigated theoretically. The indirect coupling between atoms and the molecule, realized by their interaction with the cavity radiation mode, leads to a coherent mixing of atomic and molecular states, and at strong enough cavity field strengths hybrid atom–molecule–photon polaritons are formed. It is shown for the Na2 molecule that by changing the cavity wavelength and the atomic transition frequency, the potential energy landscape of the polaritonic states and the corresponding spectrum could be changed significantly. Moreover, an unforeseen intensity borrowing effect, which can be seen as a strong nonadiabatic fingerprint, is identified in the atomic transition peak, originating from the contamination of the atomic excited state with excited molecular rovibronic states.
Observation of the 87Rb 5S1/2 to 4D3/2 electric quadrupole transition at 516.6 nm mediated via an optical nanofibre
Authors: Ray Tridib , Gupta Ratnesh K , Gokhroo Vandna , Everett Jesse L , Nieddu Thomas , Rajasree Krishnapriya S , Chormaic Síle Nic
Published: March 2020

Light guided by an optical nanofibre has a very steep evanescent field gradient extending from the fibre surface. This gradient can be exploited to drive electric quadrupole transitions in nearby quantum emitters. In this paper, we report on the observation of the 5S1/2 → 4D3/2 electric quadrupole transition at 516.6 nm (in vacuum) in laser-cooled 87Rb atoms using only a few μW of laser power propagating through an optical nanofibre embedded in the atom cloud. This work extends the range of applications for optical nanofibres in atomic physics to include more fundamental tests such as high-precision measurements of parity non-conservation.
M2-factor of high-power laser beams through a multi-apertured ABCD optical system*
Authors: Zeng Xiangmei , Zhang Meizhi , Cao Dongmei , Sun Dingyu , Zhou Hua
Published: March 2020

Based on the generalized truncated second-order moments, an approximate analytical formula of the beam propagation factor M
2 of high-power laser beams passing through the optical system with multiple hard-edged apertures is deduced. Numerical examples of the beams passing through an aperture-spatial filter are enclosed, and the influences of amplitude modulations (AMs) and phase fluctuations (PFs) on the beam propagation quality of high-power laser beams passing through the multi-apertured ABCD optical system are considered and discussed. It is shown that PFs are able to degrade the beam propagation quality of laser beams more than AMs when the high-power laser beams passing through the aperture-spatial filter, furthermore, one or two aperture-lens optical systems configured appropriate aperture parameters are both able to upgrade the beam propagation quality of high-power laser beams. The M
2 factor of Gaussian beam passing through the multi-aperture optical system is a special case in this paper.
Single SH guided wave mode generation method for PPM EMATs*
Authors: Zhai Guo-Fu , Li Yong-Qian
Published: March 2020

Using periodic permanent magnet (PPM) electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs), different shear horizontal (SH) guided wave modes can form simultaneously in some situations, which can interfere with the inspection. The main cause of this phenomenon (typically named multiple modes) is related to the frequency bandwidth of excitation signals and the transducer spatial bandwidth. Simply narrowing the frequency bandwidth cannot effectively limit the number of different SH modes. Previous researches showed that unnecessary SH wave modes can be eliminated by using dual EMATs. However, in practical applications, it is more convenient to change the excitation frequency than to use dual EMATs. In this paper, the stress boundary conditions of the PPM-EMAT are analyzed, the analytical expression of SH guided wave is established, and the magnitude of SH guided wave mode under continuous tone and tone-burst input is obtained. A method to generate a single SH mode by re-selecting an operating point is proposed. Furthermore, the influence of the frequency bandwidth of the tone-burst signal is analyzed. Finally, a single SH mode excitation is achieved with tone-burst input.
Determination of activation energy of ion-implanted deuterium release from W-Y2O3*
Authors: Wang Xue-Feng , Wu Ji-Liang , Li Qiang , Yang Rui-Zhu , Wang Zhan-Lei , Chen Chang-An , Feng Chun-Rong , Rao Yong-Chu , Chen Xiao-Hong , Ye Xiao-Qiu
Published: March 2020

The retention and release of deuterium in W–2%Y2O3 composite materials and commercially pure tungsten after they have been implanted by deuterium plasma (flux ∼ 3.71 × 1021 D/m2⋅s, energy ∼ 25 eV, and fluence up to 1.3 × 1026 D/m2) are studied. The results show that the total amount of deuterium released from W–2%Y2O3 is 5.23 × 1020 D/m2(2.5 K/min), about 2.5 times higher than that from the pure tungsten. Thermal desorption spectra (TDS) at different heating rates (2.5 K/min–20 K/min) reveal that both W and W–2%Y2O3 have two main deuterium trapped sites. For the low temperature trap, the deuterium desorption activation energy is 0.85 eV (grain boundary) in W, while for high temperature trap, the desorption activation energy is 1.57 eV (vacancy) in W and 1.73 eV (vacancy) in W–2%Y2O3.
Role of the spin anisotropy of the interchain interaction in weakly coupled antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains*
Authors: Fan Yuchen , Yu Rong
Published: March 2020

In quasi-one-dimensional (q1D) quantum antiferromagnets, the complicated interplay of intrachain and interchain exchange couplings may give rise to rich phenomena. Motivated by recent progress on field-induced phase transitions in the q1D antiferromagnetic (AFM) compound YbAlO3, we study the phase diagram of spin-1/2 Heisenberg chains with Ising anisotropic interchain couplings under a longitudinal magnetic field via large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations, and investigate the role of the spin anisotropy of the interchain coupling on the ground state of the system. We find that the Ising anisotropy of the interchain coupling can significantly enhance the longitudinal spin correlations and drive the system to an incommensurate AFM phase at intermediate magnetic fields, which is understood as a longitudinal spin density wave (LSDW). With increasing field, the ground state changes to a canted AFM order with transverse spin correlations. We further provide a global phase diagram showing how the competition between the LSDW and the canted AFM states is tuned by the Ising anisotropy of the interchain coupling.