bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Extended Ripple and Cyberbullies Data Detection (E- RACYBDD) Framework to Mitigate Deep Fake Attacks on Social Media
Authors: Usharani Bhimavarapu
Published: July 2021

Social media is one of the topmost communications in the present world and some discomforts are also hidden in this. Social media is one of the platforms for cyberbullying. Teenagers who are not under the guidance of their parents are the major victims of cyberstalking and cyber abuses. Forensic image processing enhances the digital image using different computer techniques. Deep fake uses the technology to superimpose more than one image, video, and audio with other images, videos, and audios with the well-known artificial intelligence and generative adversarial networks (GANs). This technology raises the curtain to create many fake images, fake videos, especially porn videos and fake audios of celebrities, especially actors and politicians. This chapter explains the impacts of deep fakes in social media, especially Facebook and Twitter. This chapter proposed a new framework called the extended-RACYBDD to detect the deep attacks.
Connecting Students to School Culture and Career Opportunities Through Broad Access to Esports and Gaming
Authors: McCarthy John P.
Published: July 2021

It is important to offer students an esports program that maximizes participation by the large potential pool of gamers. Such inclusive programs include clubs, intramurals, and/or courses in addition to a varsity team that competes with other schools. The benefits of such programs include building skills in digital citizenship and global professional skills (GPS) such as collaboration, communication, problem solving, and creativity. Areas in social emotional learning (SEL) can be well served through esports programs as there are many students who build positive relationships with peers, adults, and with their academics as studies have shown. This chapter explores three areas regarding esports: building a sense of belonging in school culture, developing digital citizenship skills through esports, and focusing on esports programs not esports teams.
Video Games and Indirect Learning
Authors: Miller Monica
Published: July 2021

As a result of rapid technological advancement, educators are turning to alternative pedagogy to instill valuable knowledge and transferable skills to their pupils. Esports and video games are being examined as a potential avenue. This research, backed by empirical data, explains how the content of particular games can indirectly teach players real-world skills and advanced academic concepts. Five different soft skills (responsibility, communication, teamwork, problem solving, leadership) and two core academic areas (mathematics, language arts) are examined using in-game elements of the following 12 video games/video game franchises as evidence to support claims of video games being a source of indirect education: Neopets; League of Legends; The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim; Overwatch; Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild; Tetris; Portal; Fortnite; Assassin's Creed; World of Warcraft; No Man's Sky; and Spyro.
The Implementation of an Academic and Applied Esports Program in Higher Education
Authors: King Michele R. , Conner Karen G. , Johnson Lindy L. , Trojak Terry , Cho Tim
Published: July 2021

Drawing on sociocultural theories of learning, this case study describes how a small liberal arts university, steeped in a tradition of innovation and discovery, developed and introduced an interdisciplinary academic and applied esports program. The study describes the importance of a multi-interdisciplinary approach to program development and building community, drawn from the voices and expertise of interdepartmental stakeholders including administration, faculty, staff, and students. The authors share the timeline of events and lessons learned in launching a successful esports program by applying an entrepreneurial mindset and accepting an appropriate level of risk.
Summer Mentoring Experiences for Students in Online Doctoral Programs
Authors: Smit Julie , Jones Elizabeth , Ladick Michael , Lesley Mellinee
Published: July 2021

University faculty created the Llano Estacado Writers' Alliance (LEWA) in response to improving the quality and rigor of online doctoral programs. The goal for LEWA was to promote meaningful academic writing and transform doctoral students' identities as agentic academic writers. After LEWA's inception, the authors incorporated the perspectives of their alumni and advanced doctoral students to help address students' needs. This chapter documents the four-year journey of forming LEWA and developing new approaches to mentoring online doctoral students. Specifically, the authors recount the evolution from the faculty-led, week-long summer intensives that addressed students' anxieties and uncertainties about the doctoral program to the writing intensives that were more student centered, responsive, and primarily focused on the mores of academic writing. Results demonstrated the benefits of professor-led and peer-led networks in developing students' sense of belonging, sense of accountability to their peers, and a sense of self-worth as capable academic writers.
Find, Organize, Analyze, Critique
Authors: Jackson Grant R.
Published: July 2021

This chapter outlines frameworks, principles, and practices that can be helpful in teaching students how to “review the literature” as part of course assignments, capstone papers, theses, dissertations, or other similar writing experiences. Common student concerns and struggles are considered, along with other instructional challenges that are inherent in the teaching of diverse students who are researching and writing about diverse topics. This chapter also includes practical suggestions as to how instructors can support and scaffold students' literature review efforts in ways that align with the frameworks, principles, and practices discussed in this chapter.
The Time Management Needs of College and University
Authors: Kiser Michelle
Published: July 2021

College students need time management techniques in order to be successful. Likewise, evidence suggests high school does not fully prepare students for success in college. The present chapter will investigate time management and the techniques students should obtain. Time management strategies, time wasters, and specific time management tools will be described at length. Tools students can use to create and implement a daily time management plan will be provided. The chapter's conclusion describes time management techniques for undergraduate and graduate students and best practices to assist in completing coursework.
Creating Praxis for Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Ivey Allison , Begbie Julie L.
Published: July 2021

This chapter introduces a storied learning model to create opportunities for praxis within teacher education courses in order to humanize student experiences through book clubs. As many argue that people perceive the world in narrative form, embedding book clubs within methods courses creates opportunities for pre-service teachers to explore and reflect upon unfamiliar experiences, identities, and stories in order to cultivate their critical consciousness. Building off of Bishop's metaphor of mirrors, windows, and sliding glass doors, as well as existing literature that discusses the use of book clubs in pre-service teacher methods courses, two case studies are offered highlighting theoretical and practical ways for book clubs to be embedded within methods courses. Case studies are followed by a framework for implementation that considers research in both critical pedagogy and reading comprehension.
A Primer on Survey Research
Authors: Hansen Mary A. , Tsheko Gaelebale Nnunu
Published: July 2021

This chapter presents a summary of best practices for the design, development, and analysis of quantitative survey research. The authors provide an overview of sampling procedures, as well as a summary of considerations for researchers as they develop questionnaires. Additionally, they provide descriptions of both qualitative and quantitative analyses that should be used to provide content and construct validity evidence for questionnaires. Finally, they show examples of common descriptive and inferential procedures appropriate for survey research. The goal of the chapter is to summarize factors that survey researchers should consider at all stages of their research project, from design to analysis, in order to improve survey research in practice.
Clearly Communicating Conceptions of Validity and Reliability
Authors: Dean Debra J.
Published: July 2021

When embarking on this journey, the author had little expectation of finding the topics of validity and reliability to be so complex and convoluted or so interesting. This chapter helps to clear the air and communicate the concepts of validity and reliability more clearly. The challenges seem to include the wording used to introduce and describe the concepts along with the transformation of statistical equations over time and technology. What remains the same is the importance of knowing whether an instrument is valid and reliable. One of the most basic places to start with conducting a robust quantitative research project is to have valid and reliable instruments. This may involve creating your own instrument, using an established instrument, or modifying an existing instrument. This chapter takes a deep dive into the concepts of validity and reliability uncovering some of the cynicism and myths of these topics along the way. The ultimate goal is to communicate clearly so that future research can use the proper technique(s) and describe the output in a more uniform fashion.
The Influence of Spirituality
Authors: Roof Rick
Published: July 2021

Spirituality and its relationship to leadership and organizational behavior has been of increasing interest to researchers, but inadequate scales have limited rigorous quantitative studies. Spirituality is complex and involves experiential, emotional, and transformative dimensions that create dynamic cycles of expectancy, behavior, and attitudes that evolve, rendering many existing spiritual practice behavioral measures inadequate. An instrument developed to capture the broader concept of spiritual engagement, the Spiritual Engagement Instrument (SpEI), is presented. Through an overview of SpEI development, and demonstration of SpEI research, a primer to advance spirituality-based organization and leadership research is offered. If spiritual engagement is a transformative cycle, understanding and measuring the phenomena in context will better inform leadership and organization development policy. Toward a theoretical and practical understanding, this chapter guides the researcher in exploring the potential of spirituality in organizations.
Organizational Arrogance and a Theory-Based Instrument
Authors: Herbin III C. Victor
Published: July 2021

Prior studies provided insight on arrogance at the individual level and how arrogant individuals express superiority through (1) overconfidence in capabilities, (2) dismissiveness, (3) and disparagement, and how these behaviors may negatively impact those employees in and around their work teams, yet did not indicate how these behaviors impact organizational culture. Organizational arrogance represents an emerging concept that describes arrogance at the organizational level. Organizational arrogance provides the body of knowledge with a comprehensive and inclusive definition that led to the development and validation of the Organizational Arrogance Scale with a Cronbach Alpha of .922 that accurately measures the presence of organizational arrogance.
Creating a Culture of Community Leadership
Authors: Rackaway Chapman
Published: July 2021

Many innovative higher education initiatives become ephemeral because they are not adequately integrated into the incentive structures of the academy. When an initiative is simply work, done without alignment to larger learning goals or the inducements faculty follow in seeking tenure and rank promotion, that initiative usually fails. Roughly 20 years into the era of civic skill-building focus in the academy, civic engagement is still at a place where it is ‘finding its way' at universities where it has been implemented. To fully integrate and become a stable, mission-central commitment, civic engagement must become something from which faculty, staff, and students can see the tangible benefits. Three developments in the evolution of civic engagement in the academy are hallmarks of the success intentional incentives have in advancing civic skill-building in college students. The chapter will focus on those three best practices of civic engagement: student civic engagement learning outcomes, incentives for faculty participation, and curricular integration.
College Fraternal Organizations Offer Experiential Civic Learning and Engagement Opportunities
Authors: Koulogeorge Nik
Published: July 2021

Fraternal organizations are a valuable component of the American higher education experience. Among the many benefits promised by fraternity and sorority organizations is that a student may be connected to a network of powerful leaders in business and politics. As self-funded organizations with democratic processes pulled from the U.S. system of government, fraternal organizations can serve a unique role in preparing college students for a life of civic engagement and democratic leadership. This chapter explores the potential for fraternities, sororities, and inter-fraternal organizations to offer a complimentary, highly personalized, and values-driven form of civic education that may be offered through higher education institutions.
Effect of Delay in EOG Signals for Eye Movement Recognition
Authors: Jhnujhunwala Rajat Rakesh , P. Geethanjali
Published: July 2021

Electrooculogram (EOG) signals as a part of human-controlled interface (HCI) is proposed for detecting the relevant information in EOG with and without delay in movement of eyes. The performance of eye movements is studied with the accuracy in identification of information along with single and double blink. The algorithm consists of a simple first order derivative, threshold windowing technique, and pattern recognition. The EOG pattern recognition was studied with time domain features mean value (MV) and ensemble of MV and zero crossing (ZC). The highest average classification accuracy of 85% and 84.4% is obtained from continuous movement of eyes for three classes (L, R, DB and L, R, SB) with two time-domain features. Further, the accuracy of 90% and 88% from two eye movement detection is obtained.
An Investigation Screen for Sleep Disorders Using AI/ML
Authors: Hiremath Shilpa , R. Chandra Prabha , I. Sushil Kumar
Published: July 2021

In this chapter, the authors have discussed a detailed review on sleep, sleep disorders, and their diagnosis. This chapter provides an insight study of sleep, sleep illness characterized by The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD), factors affecting sleep, and types of sleep based on age group. Artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms are also applied in recognizing sleep disorders based on EEG signal attributes. It also highlights the classification of insomnia using different classifiers such as support vector machine, decision tree, and deep neural network.
Mathematical Modelling for Transportation With Application to Airline Transportation Network
Authors: Almarzooq Sadiqah , Albishi Njwd
Published: July 2021

Graph theory is a basic tool to solve real-world problems such as communication between people, water pipelines, and transportation networks. A transportation network can be modeled as connected weighted graph. This chapter starts by introducing some fundamental concepts of graph theory to be applied to three main problems: the minimum spanning tree, the shortest path, and the travel salesperson. The authors discuss some appropriated algorithms such as depth first algorithm, Prim's algorithm, Kruskal's algorithm, Dijkstra's algorithm, the nearest neighbour algorithm, the minimum spanning tree depth first search method (MST-DFS) algorithm, and the Christofides' algorithm to solve these problems and apply them the airlines network between international and regional airports in Saudi Arabia.
An Overview of Maritime Transportation Dynamics-Mobilization and Livelihood in Galápagos Islands
Authors: Arteaga-Custode María Belén , Betancourt-Ruiz Claudia Fernanda , López-Donoso María Serena , Nieto-Vasco Sophia Veronique , Pantoja-Cabrera Carolina Stefanía , Salvador-Duque Jorge Esteban , Orellana-Rojas Clara Elena , Suárez-Núñez Carlos Alberto , Avilés-Sacoto Sonia Valeria
Published: July 2021

The Galápagos Islands are one of the biggest marine reserves in the world, home to a complex dynamic between its inhabitants, tourists, and biodiversity. Therefore, control over the logistics surrounding the resulting human mobilization process is fundamental to minimize the impact on the Islands' natural resources. This research gathers relevant information regarding the operation of the maritime transportation system of the islands and the waste management of its floating population based on official sources as well as in-situ observation. This chapter includes three sections with the purpose of maximizing the range of information analyzed. The first section covers the maritime cargo transportation from the continent to the islands. The second one covers the transportation of people between the islands, and the third covers the transportation and management of waste produced by each island. The information covers the institutions and policies that govern each of the systems considered and can serve to optimize the transportation logistics of the Galápagos Islands.
Online Bus Services
Authors: Hamdy Hoda , Hossam El Deen Bassem , El-Toukhy Ismail Mahmoud , Elsagheer Ahmad , Mohamed Ali
Published: July 2021

Swvl is a smart ride-sharing transportation provider that brings together travelers at certain times and locations with bus drivers ensuring affordability, reliability, and convenience to all parties. In this chapter, the authors briefly discuss Swvl's vision, history, the services Swvl provides, and Swvl team's values. Furthermore, they examine the various optimization problems at Swvl from both the demand and supply perspective, common problems' features, a typical research project lifecycle at Swvl, and how they apply decision sciences to their problems at Swvl. Examples of such decision sciences applications include mathematical modeling, data analytics, and graph algorithms. Swvl operates at a very large scale and continues to grow eminently, creating challenging, complex, and interesting problems faced every day. Such growth inspires a lot of research and effort put into improving the service quality and impacting many lives.
Analyzing and Soft Solutions to Vehicle Traffic Problems in Crowded Institutions
Authors: Hassan Said Ali , Abed Seraj Yousef , Hassanein Wael Salah
Published: July 2021

There is no doubt that the traffic problem is one of the problems faced by universities in different intensities for roads, intersections, and parklands. The negative effects of traffic congestion and bottlenecks are clear; they include extension of long waiting lines and increasing the time of transport with the consequences of ill effects. The effective solutions placed to resolve these problems need specialized studies relying on scientific methods for collecting and analyzing relevant data and drawing effective conclusions, recommendations, and solutions. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the problems of traffic congestion in crowded institutions, with realistic application to an anonymous University in Saudi Arabia as a case study and to provide the best solutions to achieve fluent flow of traffic at the present time and in the near and far future. Due to the complexity of the problem and its huge data and to facilitate the analysis process, the problem has been divided into three main sections, and the data is collected in four different ways.
E-Accounting
Authors: Topor Dan Ioan , Akram Umair , Fülop Melinda Timea , Căpușneanu Sorinel , Ionescu Constantin Aurelian
Published: July 2021

This chapter addresses the main challenges of current e-accounting systems and also some future perspectives. The main objectives of this chapter are to present the conceptual approaches to e-accounting and ICT, their role and the determinants underlying the implementation of e-accounting systems in the business environment, the principles of security and processing of accounting information, and the impact of implementation and the advantages and limitations of e-accounting. Based on the literature, the authors present the interpretations brought by specialists to the concept of e-accounting, analyze their roles in terms of ICT and the factors that determine the acceptance of the concept in the implementation of various organizations. The chapter ends with the general conclusions of the authors related to the challenges brought by e-accounting systems in managerial accounting and CSR in the conditions of current crises.
Reviving Green With Accounting in the Era of Sustainability
Authors: Shah Mansi
Published: July 2021

In the era of ‘Reviving Green', sustainability is no longer a luxury; it has become a global necessity. The late 1990s saw the evolving concept of triple bottom line. The growing importance of the environmental agenda that ‘sustainability' had been mainly focused upon to that point led to the inclusion of the environment as one of the defining factors of ‘sustainability'. The new paradigm in the third millennium puts business in the driving seat. Consequently, their role and responsibility towards the environment is manifold. The tradeoff between economic growth and the environmental costs has become one of the major challenges for businesses. This chapter examines the traditional accounting practiced by organizations. The premise of internalizing environmental costs in the investment decision making is highlighted. The costs and benefits that arise through the environment protection and depletion of the existing capital have been held forth.
Managerial Accounting
Authors: Calotă Traian Ovidiu
Published: July 2021

The role of managerial accounting consists in detailing, analyzing, and interpreting the information provided by the general accounting, presenting it in a form that is accessible to the company management. Financial information is confidential, addressed to the internal environment of the company and presented as no standardized periodical reports adapted to the internal management needs. Costs play a determinant role in substantiating the decisions regarding the optimum production system and its adjustment in any competitive economic environment, as a special instrument determining the management of the company both as a whole and for each internal subdivision. But cost will only be able to play its true role if determined in a realistic and pertinent way. Consequently, the final objective of management from the point of view of forecasting, rational organization, information, analysis, prompt decision, and constant control is to obtain production at minimum cost.
Management of Critical Thinking Abilities of Teachers and Learners in a Dynamic Futuristic Environment
Authors: Rao K. Srinivasa , Rao H. K. Lakshmana , Chaluvarayaswamy Ramesh
Published: July 2021

Education is the essential tool for turning out a regular annual stream of students who constitute the manpower for the development and growth of a country. This chapter deals with the needs of a country which is considered as the leader of the third world. The education system has to be nurtured to produce the managers who have the essential skillset to take the country in its forward march to become the number one country in the world.
Future Opportunities for Personalized Online Global Learning
Authors: Akhtar Syed Nadeem
Published: July 2021

High growth and adoption in educational technology is not just a phenomenon of the emergence of the pandemic. In 2019 itself, the educational technology investments reached a whopping 18.66 billion US dollars and were predicted to reach 350 billion US dollars by 2025 in its normal course as existed then. With the language apps, virtual tutoring, video conferencing tools, or online learning soft wares, there has been a cloud burst in the field. With the pandemic in place, the phenomenon has taken more and newer dimensions. Currently, there are more than 1.2 billion children in 186 countries affected by the school closures due to the pandemic. In Europe, in Denmark, and in Sweden children up to the age of 11 are returning to nurseries and school after the initial closure of the schools. In Asia, in India, and in other neighbouring countries and South Korea, students are responding to roll calls from their teachers online. Thus, old brick-and-mortar classrooms are giving way to mouse and click and touch and navigate to machine man conversation. With this shift away from the classroom in many parts of the world, it is only natural for everyone to surmise the adoption of online learning and its continuance for the future and the resultant impact on the traditional market for educational activities.
Use of MOOCs for Technology and Business Education
Authors: Wall William Philip , Khalid Bilal
Published: July 2021

Over the past decade, massive open online courses (MOOCs) as a new idea have been a highly debatable topic in online education. MOOCs were created to provide unlimited and free participation in higher education and made available to a wide range of recipients from all the corners of the world. Many developing countries rely on this alternative form of learning, which is totally different from the conventional classrooms, to increase access to education and improve the quality of higher learning. This has made educationalists in many developing countries express more interest in looking into how MOOCs can fit in and be implemented. This chapter explores the use of MOOCs in technology and business education.
Future Opportunities for Using Gamification in Management Education
Authors: Kuofie Mattew , Suman Sonika
Published: July 2021

Gamification as a potent pedagogic tool existed even in the ancient periods and in different geographical regions. It was observed that using gamification to teach the learners was more powerful and useful so much so that it helped the optimum utilization of resources. However, with the advent of virtual reality and augmented reality making inroads into education in general and management education in particular, it is now feasible to use gamification for management education. It is often found that the management learners are comparatively brainier and selected after strict competitive examinations. They get easily blasé of the traditional methods of pedagogy. They have always demanded challenging curricula, deep contents, and exciting pedagogy to learn. It is in this context that the gamification of learning has been introduced to motivate and challenge the learners by using video game design and game elements in learning environments. These games are meant to maximise enjoyment and engagement through influencing the interests of learners and inspiring them to continue with their learning process. Gamification in its practical use in the management educational spaces and corporate training spaces made a substantial impact all across the globe. The future opportunities for gamification both in content space and structural space are going to be far more than can be imagined with the explosion taking place in technology.
The Impact of Dynamic Geometry Software on Creating Constructivist Learning Environment
Authors: Nurlu Üstün Özge
Published: July 2021

This chapter aims to review the ways that digital technologies may impact learning geometry. To be more focused, Dynamic Geometry Software (DGS) is investigated as an assistant digital in the classroom for discussing the impact of learning geometry. Particularly, it is discussed whether DGS may have an effect on some knowledge accession skills suggested by constructivists approach. The chapter indicates that DGS has positive impacts on providing a constructivist classroom learning environment. Even though there is much research indicating the positive impacts of DGS in providing an environment shaped by the constructivist approach, some research provides different results. The reasons the results contradict each other could be explained by the prior knowledge, skills, and needs of students; a lack of time for whole class discussions; and insufficiency in the design of DGS applets and worksheets. Therefore, it should be noted that using DGS alone cannot create a learning environment shaped by constructivism.
Multisensory Digital Experiences
Authors: Hussain Sharafat
Published: July 2021

Whether we go to a restaurant or jogging, almost all the experiences in our daily lives consist of what we see, hear, smell, taste, and feel. Lately, especially in the COVID-19-affected world, many of these multisensory experiences have been transformed and capitalized through invents in technology. This chapter looks at the technological advancements in the area of new interactive technologies and multisensory experiences. This chapter describes the basics of multisensory experiences, the relationship between the human senses and technologies. It discusses the concepts that help analyze and explain how the senses interact with each other. Further, this chapter highlights the difference between virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality using the reality-virtuality continuum. In the end, this chapter underscores some ethical concerns, our responsibility towards it, and what the future of those multisensory experiences may hold for us.
An Experimental Data of Lithium-Ion Battery Time Series Analysis
Authors: Xie Liming
Published: July 2021

The experimental data of Lithium-ion battery has its specific sense. This paper is proposed to analyze and forecast it by using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and spectral analysis, which has effective and statistical results. The method includes the identification of the data, estimation and diagnostic checking, and forecasting the future values by Box and Jenkins. The analysis shows that the time series models are related with the present value of a series to past values and past prediction errors. After transferring the data by different function, improving autocorrelations are significant. Forecasting the future values of the possible observations show significantly fluctuated such as increasing or decreasing in specific ranges accordingly. In spectral analysis, the parameters of the model were determined by performing spectral analysis of the experimental data to look periodicities or cyclical patterns, and to check the existence of white noise in the data. The Bartlett's Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic suggests the white noise of the data. The spectral analysis for the series reveals non-11-second cycle of activity for dynamic stress test current, but strong 45-second that highlights the position of the main peak in the spectral density; strong 21-second and 45-second for the urbane dynamometer driver schedule current and voltage, respectively; but no significance for dynamic stress test current.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Unemployment, Market, Livelihoods, and Food Security in Africa
Authors: Ceesay Ebrima
Published: July 2021

This paper assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on unemployment, market, livelihoods, and food security in Africa. The data use in this paper was generated from online survey questionnaire in which the participants were asked about certain questions in which COVID-19 affects their social-economic situation. The questionnaire was design to help Africans to understand COVID-19's impact on their social and economic live. The results of this study reveal that coronavirus pandemic affected Africa in a number of ways: 1) 51.6% responded in Africa that coronavirus affected their job search while 45.2% said it did not affect their job search. 2) In Africa, 55.8% said they still can access the market in the past 7 days, and 30.2% said they cannot access the market due to certain conditions or restrictions and lockdowns. 3) 45% said the main reason they and the peoples in their respective households could not access the market or stores during the coronavirus pandemic is due to movement restriction imposed by government.
Development of a Predictive Model for Textual Data Using Support Vector Machine Based on Diverse Kernel Functions Upon Sentiment Score Analysis
Authors: Sheik Abdullah A.  , Akash K.  , Bhubesh K. R. A.  , Selvakumar S.
Published: July 2021

This research work specifically focusses on the development of a predictive model for movie review data using support vector machine (SVM) classifier with its improvisations using different kernel functions upon sentiment score estimation. The predictive model development proceeds with user level data input with the data processing with the data stream for analysis. Then formal calculation of TF-IDF evaluation has been made upon data clustering using simple k-means algorithm. Once the labeled data has been sorted out, then the SVM with kernel functions corresponding to linear, sigmoid, rbf, and polynomial have been applied over the clustered data with specific parameter setting for each type of library functions. Performance of each of the kernels has been measured using precision, recall, and F-score values for each of the specified kernel, and from the analysis, it has been found that sentiment analysis using SVM linear kernel with sentiment score analysis has been found to provide an improved accuracy of about 91.18%.
Symmetric and Asymmetric Encryption Algorithm Modeling on CPU Execution Time as Employed Over a Mobile Environment
Authors: Thomas Ambili , Narasimhan V. Lakshmi
Published: July 2021

This paper presents results on modelling of AES and RSA encryption algorithms in terms of CPU execution time, considering different modelling techniques such as linear, quadratic, cubic, and exponential mathematical models, each with the application of piecewise approximations. C#.net framework is used to implement this study. The authors consider the symmetric encryption algorithm named AES and the asymmetric encryption algorithm named RSA to carry out this study. This study recommends quadratic piecewise approximation modelling as the most optimized model for modelling the CPU execution time of AES and RSA towards encryption of data files. The model proposed in this study can be extended to other symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms, besides taking them over a mobile cloud environment.
Hygrothermal Behaviour of Inorganic Binder-Based Board Materials
Authors: Bubeník Jan , Zach Jiří
Published: July 2021

Currently, the use of board materials as a material intended for the dry construction of building structure cladding in the building industry has become widespread. The most common types of board materials include wood-based boards (particle, fibre, laminated / plywood, oriented strand boards [OSB]), cement-bonded particleboards and gypsum plasterboards or gypsum fibre boards. In the case of board materials based on inorganic binders, these are most often represented by boards in which the fillers used are bonded by plaster or cement. Wood can then be used as filler, which is predominantly an assortment of inferior-quality trees or comes from a short rotation coppice, treated by various technological processes. Microstructure and material composition have the greatest influence on the physical and mechanical properties of the boards. The use of the boards in the internal or external environment is determined by their individual properties. Another indicator for the possible use of boards is the form of moisture with which the board comes into contact after installation into the structure. For the external environment, the boards have to withstand mainly liquid moisture; in contrast, in an internal environment, the boards come into contact mainly with air humidity. The diffusion properties of the individual products are also crucial for the overall design and use of the boards for structure cladding.
Using of the Ultrasonic Method for Alkali-Silica Reaction Detection in the Cement Mortar
Authors: Gusak Dimitrii , Brožovský Jiří , Hela Rudolf
Published: July 2021

The alkali–silica reaction (ASR) causes internal corrosion of concrete. The aim of this work is to verify the possibility of ultrasonic method in detection of concrete internal structure changes, which were initiated by the alkali-silica reaction. For this purpose, we prepared samples that contained aggregates of two types, namely one with 98% of SiO2 content and one with a greywacke. The dependence of ultrasonic impulse propagation velocity on the changes in the structure of mortars containing aggregates from these rocks was researched. The results of this work are not unambiguous yet and therefore it is necessary to carry out more extensive investigation with using of other methods that will allow to examine changes in the internal structure of composites more detailed.
Effect of Crystallization Additives on Durability of Cement Composites in Aggressive Environments
Authors: Dufka Ámos , Keprdová Šárka , Melichar Tomáš
Published: July 2021

This article analyses the effect of crystallization additives on the long-term durability of self-compacting concretes (SCCs) in relation to specific types of chemically aggressive environments. The effect of both an inorganic acid solution and the aggressive solutions produced during plant ensilage were tested, while the effect of diesel on these modified concretes was also investigated. Attention was given to the effect of crystallization additives on the characteristically capillary porous structures of self-compacting concrete, specifically in terms of the long-term durability of SCCs in relation to the above-stated chemically aggressive solutions. The effect of aggressive environments was evaluated through a set of physical-mechanical trials and physical-chemical analyses.
Current management of transient ischaemic attacks
Authors: Ranawaka Udaya K.
Published: July 2021

No abstract available
In-vitro evaluation of bactericidal activity of antiseptics and disinfectants commonly used in healthcare settings
Authors: Perera K. C. , Ekanayaka S. K. , Chandrasiri N. S. , Jayatilleke K. , Kottahachchi J.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections are common problems found in healthcare systems in most of the countries. Proper use of antiseptics and disinfectants is useful in reducing the magnitude of such infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal effect of different concentrations of selected antiseptics and disinfectants. Methods: Bactericidal activity of different concentrations of antiseptics and disinfectants; isopropyl alcohol, povidone iodine, chlorhexidine gluconate, sodium hypochlorite, hypertonic saline, peracetic acid and mixture of 2-aminoethanol, dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, potassium carbonate & bis(3-aminopropyl) dodecylamine were evaluated against nine strains of American Type Culture Collections and 11 strains isolated from the hospitals. Bacterial suspensions were prepared equal to 0.5 McFarland turbidity standards and 100 μl of each was mixed with 3 ml of antiseptic/ disinfectant solution. After desired contact time (1 minute, 15 minutes and 24 hours), 20 μl of reaction mixer was transferred into 4 ml of sterile physiological saline, mixed well and 20 μl of solution was evenly spread throughout Muller Hinton agar/ blood agar plates. Growth control was done using 3 ml of distilled water instead of 3 ml of antiseptic/ disinfectant solution. All plates incubated at 35oC ± 2oC for 18 – 24 hours. Colonies were counted and reduction percentage was calculated. Results: All concentrations of isopropyl alcohol, povidone iodine, chorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite, peracetic acid and the mixture of 2-aminoethanol, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, potassium carbonate and bis(3-aminopropyl)dodecylamine showed 100% bactericidal activities against all tested bacterial strains in1-minute contact time. Bactericidal activity of hypertonic saline was varied against tested bacterial strains with higher bactericidal activity against Gram positive organisms than Gram negative organisms. Conclusions: Currently using concentrations of antiseptics and disinfectants evaluated in this study have 100% bactericidal activity other than hypertonic saline.
NR4A3 Mediates Thymic Negative Selection
Authors: Boulet Salix , Odagiu Livia , Dong Mengqi , Lebel Marie-Ève , Daudelin Jean-François , Melichar Heather J , Labrecque Nathalie
Published: July 2021

Central tolerance aims to limit the production of T lymphocytes bearing TCR with high affinity for self-peptide presented by MHC molecules. The accumulation of thymocytes with such receptors is limited by negative selection or by diversion into alternative differentiation, including T regulatory cell commitment. A role for the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A3 in negative selection has been suggested, but its function in this process has never been investigated. We find that Nr4a3 transcription is upregulated in postselection double-positive thymocytes, particularly those that have received a strong selecting signal and are destined for negative selection. Indeed, we found an accumulation of cells bearing a negative selection phenotype in NR4A3-deficient mice as compared with wild-type controls, suggesting that Nr4a3 transcriptional induction is necessary to limit accumulation of self-reactive thymocytes. This is consistent with a decrease of cleaved caspase-3+–signaled thymocytes and more T regulatory and CD4+Foxp3−HELIOS+ cells in the NR4A3-deficient thymus. We further tested the role for NR4A3 in negative selection by reconstituting transgenic mice expressing the OVA Ag under the control of the insulin promoter with bone marrow cells from OT-I Nr4a3+/+ or OT-I Nr4a3−/− mice. Accumulation of autoreactive CD8 thymocytes and autoimmune diabetes developed only in the absence of NR4A3. Overall, our results demonstrate an important role for NR4A3 in T cell development.
Food shopping and food hygiene related knowledge and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of a developing country
Authors: Dimassi Hani , Haddad Rita , Mattar Lama , Hassan Hussein , Awada Rana
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to assess the level of food hygiene and food shopping knowledge and practices among residents of Lebanon during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify their socio-demographic determinants. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire composed of 13 questions about demographics, and 25 questions related to knowledge and practices in terms of hand maintenance, mask placing, and food shopping. A total of 1337 participants filled the survey. On average, participants scored 73±15 and 67±17% on food hygiene and knowledge and practices, respectively. In terms of best practices by section, they scored 77±22, 51±42, and 65±23% on hand maintenance, mask placing and shopping, respectively. Hand maintenance best practices score was significantly (p<0.05) affected by gender; mask placing best practices score was significantly affected by age and major of study; shopping best practices score was significantly affected by gender; overall best practices score was significantly affected by gender and major of study; food hygiene knowledge score was significantly affected by gender, age, marital status, educational level, and major of study. Food hygiene practices and knowledge scores were significantly (p<0.001) related with a weak correlation coefficient (R=0.114). No study has determined the food hygiene and shopping knowledge and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in a developing country before.
Il rito della lettura nella formazione del futuro medico: alcune riflessioni a partire dalla bedside library di Sir William Osler
Authors: Giardina Simona , Refolo Pietro , Spagnolo Antonio G.
Published: July 2021

Facendo proprie le riflessioni della scrittrice iraniana Azar Nafisi (“La Repubblica dell’immaginazione”, 2015), secondo la quale la conoscenza immaginativa   pragmatica e ispirandosi al grande medico William Osler (1849- 1919), bibliofilo appassionato, che stil  una lista di testi classici che ogni futuro medico avrebbe dovuto leggere – la c.d. bedside library –, gli Autori sottolineano l’importanza dei libri classici per la crescita personale dei medici e per la loro competenza clinica. Anche Italo Calvino affermava che ci sono cose che solo la letteratura pu  dare con i suoi mezzi specifici (Lezioni americane, 1988). La grande letteratura   un ponte che consente il dialogo a prescindere dai reciproci mondi di appartenenza (universalit );   luogo dell’immedesimazione (empatia); porta alla luce gli archetipi del comportamento umano (risonanza etica). Su questi presupposti si basa l’idea di stimolare la lettura dei classici sin dal primo anno della formazione degli studenti di medicina nell’ambito delle Medical Humanities.
Changing mining methods at CBDC
Authors: MacDonald R J , Payne D A
Published: July 2021

The Cape Breton Development Corporation (CBDC) is a federally owned crown corporation which currently operates three coal mines. The reserves of the coal mine extend out under the Atlantic Ocean. As the workings progress further from land, the concerns of high
ground stresses, increased ventilation resistance, coal conveyance limitations, men and material travel time and increased maintenance of an older infrastructure become more and more at a challenge. This paper reviews some of the changes being made by CBDC to overcome the deep mining concerns
including the introduction of roof bolts, pillarless retreat longwall mining, sewer gate ventilation and the purchase of new heavy duty longwall equipment.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Leptomeningeal Cyst with Atypical Presentation
Authors: Dar Musaib Ahmad , Ashraf Obaid , Rafiq Suhail , Wani Ishfaq Ahmad
Published: July 2021

Leptomeningeal cysts, also known as growing skull fractures, are rare complications of head trauma. It is usually seen a few months posttrauma. These lesions are rare in adults, with over 90% resulting from fractures occurring in children under the age of 3 years. The children usually present with enlarging scalp mass, seizures, focal neurological deficit, and headache. In this case series, we are going to present the two cases of post traumatic leptomeningeal cysts in adults, presenting as cough-induced headache along with imaging description.
Marital Adjustment as a Predictor of Quality of Life in Infertile Couples
Authors: Eghtedar Samereh , Asghari Elnaz , Aparnak Fatemeh-Sara , Asgarloo Zoleikha , Rasti Parinaz
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Quality of life of couples may be affected by infertility. Information about their quality of life can be used for developing health promotion programs by the nurses. The purpose of this study was to predict the factors that affect the quality of life of infertile couples based on marital adjustment, factors related to infertility, and background characteristics.

Methods:

In this descriptive correlational study, 131 women and 79 men referred to an infertility center were recruited using a convenience method. Data were collected using the quality of life and Spiner's marital adjustment questionnaires. Regression analysis was used for the data analysis through the SPSS software version 16.

Results:

The means of the females and males' age were 35.74 ± 6.11 years and 32.45 ± 5.72 years, respectively. Of variables with aP< 0.1 that entered the regression analysis, marital adjustment (β = −0.444, P < 0.001), gender (β = 0.138,P< 0.023), and insurance (β = 0.199,P< 0.001) accounted for 78% of the observed variance in the quality of life of the infertile couples.

Conclusion:

The results revealed that fundamental interventions are needed to improve the quality of life of infertile couples. Providing the necessary training when couples go to the infertility clinic and improving insurance coverage for infertility treatment is recommended based on the results.