bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MPA-ILD: Eine seltene Manifestation mit schwieriger Diagnose
Authors: Drakopanagiotakis Fotios , Günther Andreas
Published: October 2023

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a significant complication associated with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) that has a poor prognosis. However, the longterm clinical course, outcomes, and prognostic factors of MPA-ILD are not well defined. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the long-term clinical course, outcomes, and prognostic factors in patients with MPA-ILD. Methods: Clinical data of 39 patients with MPA-ILD (biopsy proven cases, n = 6) were retrospectively analyzed. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) patterns were assessed based on the 2018 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis diagnostic criteria. Acute exacerbation (AE) was defined as the worsening of dyspnea within 30 days, with new bilateral lung infiltration that is not fully explained by heart failure or fluid overload and that does not have identified extra-parenchymal causes (pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or pulmonary embolism). Results: The median follow-up period was 72.0 months (interquartile range: 44–117 months). The mean age of the patients was 62.7 years and 59.0% were male. Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and probable usual interstitial pneumonia patterns on high resolution computed tomography were identified in 61.5 and 17.9% of the patients, respectively. During the follow-up, 51.3% of patients died, and the 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 73.5% and 42.0%, respectively. Acute exacerbation occurred in 17.9% of the patients. The non-survivors had higher neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and more frequent acute exacerbation than the survivors. In the multivariable Cox analysis, older age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.14; p = 0.028) and higher BAL counts (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01–1.17; p = 0.015) were found to be the independent prognostic factors associated with mortality in patients with MPA-ILD. Conclusion: During the 6 years-follow-up, about half of patients with MPA-ILD died and approximately one-fifth experienced acute exacerbation. Our results suggest that older age and higher BAL neutrophil counts mean poor prognosis in patients with MPA-ILD. © 2023 Kim, Lee, Choe and Song
Outcomes and Feasibility of an Occupational Care Programme (TERRA) to Support Work Ability of Rare and Advanced Cancer Patients: A Report of 7 Cases
Authors: Hosman Floortje L. , Rozemeijer Sascha C.A. , Zegers Amber D. , Becker-Commissaris Annemarie , Klümpen Heinz-Josef , van der Vorst Maurice J.D.L. , Brom Linda , Duijts Saskia F.A.
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Advancements in the field of oncology are allowing patients to live longer, with enhanced quality of life (QoL). Accordingly, more patients with cancer are expressing the desire to return to work (RTW). Previous research has indicated that patients with a rare or advanced cancer can experience unique problems in the RTW process. Methods: This pilot study evaluated the outcomes and feasibility of the occupational care programme TERRA (i.e., recalibraTe lifE and woRk with and afteR cAncer) for patients with a rare or advanced cancer. Four rare cancer patients and 3 advanced cancer patients completed TERRA; a supportive occupational care programme consisting of five online group sessions over a two-month period. Pre- and post-intervention outcomes were collected using validated self-report questionnaires. The primary outcome was work ability. Secondary outcomes included QoL, anxiety and depression, fatigue, unmet needs, self-efficacy, readiness for RTW, work intention, work involvement, and work-life conflict. Feasibility was assessed using the RE-AIM model. Results: Changes in work ability scores were inconsistent across participants. Well-being outcomes generally improved following the intervention. Feasibility was evaluated positively by both participants and trainers. Conclusion: A multidisciplinary approach may further improve outcomes of occupational interventions supporting rare and advanced cancer patients. An effectiveness study to evaluate the outcomes and feasibility of the programme is deemed necessary.
Identifying Genetic Factors of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women with Epilepsy: A Whole-Genome Sequencing Study
Authors: Lai Wanlin , Wu Yiming , Sha Leihao , Lai Qi , Yang Ximeng , Ai Fandi , Zhang Qian , Bu Fengxiao , He Shixu , Zhu Xi , Chen Lei
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Women with epilepsy (WWE) are more likely to develop reproductive endocrine disorders, especially polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study aimed to explore the genetic factors of PCOS in WWE in hope of improving individual precision diagnosis and treatment. Methods: WWE registered at West China Hospital between January 2022 and October 2022 were enrolled in this study. Demographic and epilepsy-related characteristics were recorded, and blood samples were collected for hormones, glucose metabolism testing, and whole-genome sequencing. Results: After sample sequencing, quality control, and variants selection, association analyses were performed. Pathway analysis was performed to identify involved biological pathways. The overall and PCOS “burden score” of each individual were calculated to count the deleterious variants. A total of 95 WWE were included in this study and 19 patients were diagnosed with PCOS. WWE with PCOS showed a significantly different hormone profiles and a tendency of impaired glucose metabolism. The most commonly associated genes were ZFYVE28, COL19A1, SIK3, ANKK1, PPIG, and REPIN1. The top 3 canonical pathways are adipogenesis pathway, epoxysqualene biosynthesis signaling, and glutamate degradation signaling. The most significant common variant was rs11914038 located in gene CELSR1 and rs651748 located in gene ZBTB16. In human gene connectome prioritizations, ITGA9, PNPLA2, and DAB2 are the top 3 genes having the shortest distance to known PCOS genes. Conclusion: Genetic factors involved in the abnormal regulation of glucose and insulin metabolism are likely to be associated with the comorbidity of PCOS in WWE. Interventions targeting these processes should be given more priority in clinical practice.
Single-Nuclei RNA-Sequencing of the Gastrocnemius Muscle in Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Pass Caroline G. , Palzkill Victoria , Tan Jianna , Kim Kyoungrae , Thome Trace , Yang Qingping , Fazzone Brian , Robinson Scott T. , O’Malley Kerri A. , Yue Feng , Scali Salvatore T. , Berceli Scott A. , Ryan Terence E.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a growing epidemic with limited effective treatment options. Here, we provide a single-nuclei atlas of PAD limb muscle to facilitate a better understanding of the composition of cells and transcriptional differences that comprise the diseased limb muscle.

METHODS:

We obtained gastrocnemius muscle specimens from 20 patients with PAD and 12 non-PAD controls. Nuclei were isolated and single-nuclei RNA-sequencing was performed. The composition of nuclei was characterized by iterative clustering via principal component analysis, differential expression analysis, and the use of known marker genes. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to determine differences in gene expression between PAD and non-PAD nuclei, as well as subsequent analysis of intercellular signaling networks. Additional histological analyses of muscle specimens accompany the single-nuclei RNA-sequencing atlas.

RESULTS:

Single-nuclei RNA-sequencing analysis indicated a fiber type shift with patients with PAD having fewer type I (slow/oxidative) and more type II (fast/glycolytic) myonuclei compared with non-PAD, which was confirmed using immunostaining of muscle specimens. Myonuclei from PAD displayed global upregulation of genes involved in stress response, autophagy, hypoxia, and atrophy. Subclustering of myonuclei also identified populations that were unique to PAD muscle characterized by metabolic dysregulation. PAD muscles also displayed unique transcriptional profiles and increased diversity of transcriptomes in muscle stem cells, regenerating myonuclei, and fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells. Analysis of intercellular communication networks revealed fibro-adipogenic progenitors as a major signaling hub in PAD muscle, as well as deficiencies in angiogenic and bone morphogenetic protein signaling which may contribute to poor limb function in PAD.

CONCLUSIONS:

This reference single-nuclei RNA-sequencing atlas provides a comprehensive analysis of the cell composition, transcriptional signature, and intercellular communication pathways that are altered in the PAD condition.
Modifying Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake: An End to the 'Salt Wars'?
Authors: Little Robert , Ellison David H.
Published: October 2023

Excessive salt intake raises blood pressure, but the implications of this observation for human health have remained contentious. It has also been recognized for many years that potassium intake may mitigate the effects of salt intake on blood pressure and possibly on outcomes such as stroke. Recent large randomized intervention trials have provided strong support for the benefits of replacing salt (NaCl) with salt substitute (75% NaCl, 25% KCl) on hard outcomes, including stroke. During the same period of time, major advances have been made in understanding how the body senses and tastes salt, and how these sensations drive intake. Additionally, new insights into the complex interactions between systems that control sodium and potassium excretion by the kidneys, and the brain have highlighted the existence of a potassium switch in the kidney distal nephron. This switch seems to contribute importantly to the blood pressure–lowering effects of potassium intake. In recognition of these evolving data, the United States Food and Drug Administration is moving to permit potassium-containing salt substitutes in food manufacturing. Given that previous attempts to reduce salt consumption have not been successful, this new approach has a chance of improving health and ending the 'Salt Wars'.
A commentary on “Physical Time Within Human Time”
Authors: Di Sia Paolo
Published: October 2023

This work underlines the importance of studying time and its connections with real life and with disciplines such as physics, mathematics and neuroscience. The problem of time is a very important issue from a transdisciplinary point of view and should be better supported by research and funds.
Checklist of the subfamily Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Tucumán province, Argentina
Authors: CÓRDOBA SILVIA P. , ATKINSON THOMAS H. , MENDOZA EDUARDO A.
Published: October 2023

A checklist of Scolytinae species is presented to contribute to the knowledge of the biodiversity of the subfamily in Tucumán province, Argentina. The inventory was based on collections in the field from 2016 to 2023, and a review of the material deposited in the entomological collections of the Museo de La Plata, the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, and the Fundación Miguel Lillo. Previous bibliographic records were also included. In total, 54 species belonging to 11 tribes were recorded, of which six were new reports for Argentina and nine for Tucumán province; eight species were introduced. The genus Amasa was also recorded in Argentina for the first time.
Redescription of Caridina sobrina Riek, 1953 stat. nov. and description of a new species of Caridina from south-eastern Queensland (Decapoda, Atyidae)
Authors: CHRISTODOULOU MAGDALINI , GRAVE SAMMY DE
Published: October 2023

Caridina sobrina Riek, 1953, only known from Fraser Island (Queensland, Australia), is redescribed and elevated from subspecies to species level. A morphologically very similar species, Caridina pagei sp. nov., is described from nearby Moreton Island. The taxon known in previous literature as Caridina sp. C2 is also illustrated but left unnamed in view of its complete morphological overlap with C. pagei, despite substantial genetic drift.
Developing a ternary conductive hydrogel of polyacrylamide, polyaniline, and carbon nanotube: A potential chemiresistive gas sensor
Authors: Peykari Mohsen , Pourmahdian Saeed
Published: October 2023

Over the past few years, conductive hydrogels have received increasing attention for numerous electronic applications because of the concurrent provision of electrical conductivity, flexibility, and conformability. In the present study, a polyaniline-based conductive hydrogel was synthesized. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were associated with the hydrogel to impart higher electrical conductivity to the hydrogel, and ternary composites of polyacrylamide (PAM), polyaniline (PANI), and CNT were developed. To fulfill this, at first, CNT surface was decorated with carboxyl functionalities, and the carboxyl decorated CNT was included into the composition in two manners: firstly, CNTs were included during acrylamide polymerization, whereas in the second manner, CNTs were incorporated during aniline polymerization. The composite hydrogels' chemical, swelling, morphological, and electrical properties were evaluated. The experimental results corroborated that in the latter case, abundant intermolecular interactions were developed between the PANI chains and the CNT surface. Moreover, the swelling value was increased by 9% comapred to the former case. In the former case, a porous microstructure and in the latter case a fibrous microstructure was dominated. And more importantly, the electrical conductivity of the hydrogel in the latter case was 104 folds higher than that in the former case. The ternary composition prepared with the latter manner was employed for sensing the ammonia gas, and the analyses unveiled that the hydrogel represents an appropriate response in the range of 10.43%–16.87% to various concentrations of the target gas and has the potential to be a thriving chemiresistive gas sensor.
Durability study of e-textile electrodes for human body communication
Authors: Alcala-Medel Jose , Michaelson Dawn , Eike Rachel J , Li Yang
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the durability of e-textile electrodes for use in human body communication. Two types of e-textile electrodes were fabricated: a woven copper nickel-plated cotton and a knit jersey consisting of 63% cotton, 35% silver yarn, and 2% spandex. The signal transmission and surface resistivity of each type of electrode were initially measured as a control group. Subsequently, sets of each electrode were exposed to various durability tests in accordance with standards established by the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists and the American Society for Testing and Materials. The results of these tests were used to evaluate the durability of the electrodes, and the effects of the durability tests on the surface resistivity and signal transmission characteristics were analyzed and discussed.
COVID-19 and the precarity of Indonesian workers in the oil palm production in Sabah, East Malaysia
Authors: Wahab Andika
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only exposed but exacerbated migrant workers’ precariousness. While governmental lockdown measures were meant to curb the pandemic, some small- and medium-sized oil palm employers in Sabah, East Malaysia, took advantage of such measures by normalizing and justifying mobility restrictions and enhanced surveillance, prolonging irregularity and suppressing workers’ voice. As a result, migrant workers were rendered dependent on discretionary actions by employers who were often inclined to moralistic judgment by viewing migrants as less deserving of their rights and welfare. The restrictive labor regime points out that the government is partly responsible for exacerbating workers’ precariousness by using businesses or employers as a mechanism of control and by limiting migrant workers’ rights.
Do conspiracy theories circulating in the media or their debunking affect people’s trust in the media?
Authors: Corbu Nicoleta , Bârgăoanu Alina , Udrea Georgiana , Gavrilescu Mihai
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has fostered an unprecedented number of conspiracy theories about the virus and the vaccine against the disease. Current research has tried to make sense of the effects of conspiracy narratives and debunking them in both mainstream and social media. However, the effect of such narratives or their debunking on media trust has not been investigated to date. By means of a 2 × 2 experimental design (N = 945) in Romania, we investigate how mainstream and social media content containing conspiracy theories about vaccination against COVID-19 and debunking them influence people’s trust in both mainstream and social media. People’s own beliefs in such narratives are used as moderators of these effects. Findings show that only the debunking content circulating in mainstream media decreases people’s trust in both mainstream and social media, and only for people exhibiting high levels of belief in conspiracy theories, that is only when people are exposed to counter-attitudinal content. Implications for stakeholders are discussed.
The impact of landfill management approaches on methane emissions
Authors: Scharff Heijo , Soon Hun-Yang , Rwabwehare Taremwa Sam , Zegers Dennis , Dick Bob , Villas Bôas Zanon Thiago , Shamrock Jonathan
Published: October 2023

This article reports on how management approaches influence methane emissions from landfills. The project team created various landfill operational scenarios for different regions of the planet with respect to waste composition, organic waste reduction and landfill gas recovery timing. These scenarios were modelled by applying a basic gas generation model according to the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recommendations. In general, the IPCC’s recommended modelling parameters and default values were used. Based on the modelling undertaken, two options stand out as being the most effective methane mitigation measures in a wide range of conditions throughout the world: (a) early gas recovery and (b) reduction of the amount of biodegradable organic waste accepted in a landfill. It is noted that reduction of organic input to any given landfill can take many years to realize. Moreover, suitable alternative processing or disposal options for the organic waste can be unaffordable for a significant percentage of the planet’s population. Although effective, organic waste reduction cannot therefore be the only landfill methane mitigation measure. Early landfill gas recovery can be very effective by applying basic technologies that can be deployed relatively quickly, and at modest cost. Policymakers and regulators from around the globe can significantly reduce adverse environmental impacts from landfill gas emissions by stimulating both the early capture and flaring and/or energy recovery of landfill gas and programmes to reduce the inflow of organic waste into landfills.
On biodegradability of 3D printed polyvinylidene fluoride composites
Authors: Husain Minhaz , Singh Rupinder , Pabla Bhadur Singh
Published: October 2023

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is one of the established biocompatible thermoplastics for scaffolding applications. But due to its partial biodegradability, its use as a bio-absorbable implant is limited. Some studies have outlined that reinforcement of hydroxyapatite (HAp), and chitosan (CS) helps in improving the biodegradability of the PVDF composite matrix. But hitherto little has been reported on the biodegradability comparison for virgin PVDF, and PVDF composite matrix (with different proportions of HAp and CS as reinforcement). This study reports the biodegradability of virgin PVDF, 90% PVDF–10% HAp, 90% PVDF–8% HAp–2% CS, and 90% PVDF–9% HAp–1% CS based on a corrosion testing (open circuit potential, polarization resistance, corrosion current, corrosion rate [CR], surface roughness (Ra), and porosity %) in simulated bodily fluid (SBF) for possible bio-absorbable implant applications. The study suggests that the biodegradability of 90% PVDF–9% HAp–1% CS is maximum having CR 26.389mm2/year, mainly due to the presence of more hydroxyl group (-OH). The corresponding porosity % and Ra (after corrosion testing) were noticed as 12.45% and 19.12 µm. The results are supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images.
Impact of Resilience Factors on Recovery from Covid-19 Among Senior Nursing Students: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Vijayalakshmi P. , Reddy S. Sai Nikhil , Sadanandareddy A. , Kathyayani B. V. , Manjunatha Narayana , C C. Naveen Kumar , Bada Math Suresh
Published: October 2023

Background

The resilience of nursing students has a positive impact on their wellbeing and completion of courses, especially during pandemics like Covid-19. However, research on resilience factors among nursing students is limited to India.

Aim

This qualitative study aimed to explore senior nursing students’ perceptions of resilience factors in recovery from Covid-19 infection.

Methods

The virtual focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among final year undergraduate nursing students at a tertiary care center. We used an interview guide with semi-structured questions to collect the data.

Results

A narrative content analysis revealed four dominant themes: experiences and concerns while caring for patients with Covid-19 infection (subtheme: lack of adequate knowledge and skills, support by clinical preceptors, inadequate supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) kits, fear of acquiring and spreading of Covid-19 infection to friends and other patients), reactions to Covid-19 infection (subtheme: anxiety, fear of rejection, academic worries, and uncertainty of illness), resilience (subtheme: support by seniors, teachers, friends, family support, positive self-concept, relaxation techniques, and organization support), and willingness to serve patients with Covid-19 infection (subtheme: professional responsibility, personal experiences, role models, and supportive working environment).

Conclusions

The findings suggest that it is crucial to prepare nursing students for adversity through resilience training. Further, studies that develop and evaluate effective strategies to promote resilience among nursing students are urgently needed.
Effectiveness of suicide prevention gatekeeper training: 12-month follow-up of SafeTALK training to community members
Authors: Holmes Glenn , Clacy Amanda , Hamilton Anita , Kõlves Kairi
Published: October 2023

Objective

Long-term assessments of gatekeeper training (GKT) with multiple follow-ups are rare. Therefore, the aim of the current analysis is to examine 12-month follow-up outcomes of SafeTALK training in addition to the earlier analysis of pre-, post-, and 6-month follow-up.

Method

Two hundred and sixty two community volunteers participated in half-day (4-h) gatekeeper training sessions. Before, after, and 6- and 12-month follow-up surveys were used to assess participants’ knowledge, efficacy, and reluctance to intervene. Linear mixed effects regression was used in statistical analysis.

Results

Fifty six participants (21.4%) completed the 12-month follow-up, representing an attrition rate of 78.6% from pre-test. Linear mixed model analysis revealed a significant, consistent effect for time for knowledge, efficacy, and reluctance. Post-hoc testing revealed significant differences between scores at pre-test and 12-month follow-up for GK knowledge and efficacy; however, no significant difference was seen between these time points for reluctance to intervene. No significant change was measured between the 6 and 12 months for any outcomes. GK knowledge and efficacy remained significantly above pre-test scores.

Conclusion

The evaluation of the GKT demonstrated the long-term effectiveness of community-based suicide prevention training programs to improve and maintain GK knowledge and efficacy.
Speech-Language Pathologists’ Knowledge and Education Related to Theory of Mind: Survey-Based Research
Authors: Secora Kristen R. , Moore Tara C.
Published: October 2023

Theory of mind (ToM) involves understanding others’ thoughts and feelings and is related to language abilities. Individuals with communication disorders are at risk of ToM difficulties; however, little is known about speech-language pathologists’ (SLPs’) knowledge, perceptions, and educational preparation related to ToM.U.S.SLPs ( N = 95) completed an online survey in which they described their understanding of ToM and answered questions about their educational preparation related to ToM. A thematic analysis of SLPs’ definitions of ToM revealed nine themes represented in participants’ responses including perspective-taking and interpersonal and intrapersonal cognitive and affective ToM. Most SLPs’ definitions included more than one code indicating a multifaceted understanding of ToM; however, most SLPs reported little formal education related to ToM. Although language ability plays a critical role in the development of ToM and SLPs are language specialists, these results suggest that SLPs receive little formal education on these topics. Clinical implications are discussed.
Does performance management system implementation reduce fragmentation in an Indonesian local government?
Authors: Siti-Nabiha A. K , Djamhuri Ali , Amirya Mirna
Published: October 2023

The paper examines whether Performance Management System (PMS) implementation in an Indonesian local government has reduced fragmentation in its administration. A qualitative case study is used, with data collected through in-depth interviews with the key actors, and also focus group discussions. The case site is a city that is implementing PMS while, at the same time, changing its mission from business-oriented growth to be focussed on outcome measures of village empowerment. The findings show that a PMS system was not fully implemented in the organisation. Despite this imperfect implementation, shared goals concerning developmental outcomes have overcome the issue of mission fragmentation, as they focus managers’ attention on organisational and national objectives. This has also led to better cooperation between units and departments/agencies within the city and with the village community. This study offers insights pertaining to PMS implementation and its influence on public administration fragmentation in a unique context.
Advertising Patterns of internet-Based Male Sex Workers Who Have Sex With Men (MSMSW): The Association Between LGBTQIA+ Events and Advertising for Work During the 2022 Pride Season
Authors: Jackson Kristopher J. , Santos Glenn-Milo
Published: October 2023

Research into populations of male sex workers who have sex with men (MSMSW) has historically been stymied given the illegal, stigmatized nature of the profession. The internet has shaped how many sex workers advertise their services to clients. Few studies, however, have leveraged internet advertising data to inform MSMSW-specific public health programming and/or outreach efforts. The primary aim of this study was to describe the association between MSMSW advertising during LGBTQIA+ events in U.S. cities during the 2022 pride season. Data were web-scraped at weekly intervals from an internet platform popular among MSMSW in 16 U.S. cities with scheduled LGBTQIA+ events over 18 weeks June to October 2022. For each city, a Poisson regression was fitted for the outcome of number MSMSW advertisements/week and the association with LGBTQIA+ pride events (binary, no/yes), adjusted for month. Cities with the greatest number of MSMSW advertisements were New York City, San Francisco, and Chicago, with 848.2 ( SD = 48.0), 293.3 ( SD = 34.7), and 252.3 ( SD = 22.8) mean weekly advertisements, respectively. LGBTQIA+ events were significantly ( p < .05) associated with an increased number of MSMSW advertisements in San Francisco (incidence rate ratios (IRRs) = 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–1.25, p < .001), New York City (IRR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.05–1.26, p < .005), and Chicago (IRR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.12–1.39, p < .001). In these jurisdictions, LGBTQIA+ events could represent opportunities to overcome barriers to reaching MSMSW; findings from this study may assist in identifying priority cities for MSMSW-specific sexual health initiatives.
Elrexfio™ (elranatamab-bcmm): The game-changer in treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors: Rais Taruba , Khan Afsheen , Riaz Rumaisa
Published: October 2023

Multiple myeloma is the second most common plasma cell malignancy, characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells within the bone marrow. ELREXFIO™ (elranatamab-bcmm) is a recently FDA-approved drug for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. The progression of multiple myeloma involves interactions with various bone marrow cell types, and targeting this microenvironment has shown promising results in inhibiting its growth and osteolysis. ELREXFIO, a bispecific antibody targeting CD3 and BCMA, activates cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses against BCMA-expressing myeloma cells. Clinical trials, such as MagnetisMM-3, demonstrated significant response rates and long-term tolerability. Its approval offers hope to multiple myeloma patients, especially those with relapsed or refractory cases, as innovative therapies like ELREXFIO continue to improve outcomes in this challenging malignancy.
Cross-cutting exposures on social network sites. The moderating role of national environments
Authors: Audemard Julien
Published: October 2023

This study explores how social network sites (SNSs) expose users to cross-cutting views. Relying on cross-national data collected among French and Japanese users of Facebook and Twitter, the design of this study allows assessment of the extent to which active and passive social media use fosters cross-cutting exposure in different national contexts. The results show that SNS use is differently related to cross-cutting exposures depending on forms of usage: while active SNS use is associated with a decrease in cross-cutting exposures, passive use leads to more exposure to dissonant views. This study also acknowledges significant variations across national subsamples, questioning the generalizability of results obtained from single case studies.
History of Science: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Kumar Deepak
Published: October 2023

The study of science in human civilisations has a complex history. In ancient India much was learnt from Greece and new contributions were made. The Islamic civilisation added much to what Greece had contributed in science and medicine. The advances in Europe from fifteenth century onwards left the whole world behind; and science was duly utilised to serve the interests of the colonial regime. Now, there is need to develop a comprehensive History of Science, Technology Environment and Medicine (HISTEM). A combination of these fields does not mean that the distinction between them, for example, between science and technology is overlooked. Nor can HISTEM be divorced from the general history of the country concerned, India in the present case.
Children’s Academic Achievement and Behavior Problems at the Intersection of Gender and Family Environment
Authors: Kühhirt Michael , Klein Markus , Demirer Ibrahim
Published: October 2023

This article investigates whether gender differences in children’s math, reading, and behavior problems vary across mothers’ education and family structure. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth-Children and Young Adults (N > 6,200; age range = 5–14; 51 percent female; 30 percent Black, 20 percent Hispanic, and 50 percent other ethnic backgrounds), we hypothesized that boys growing up with less educated mothers and in single-parent families may lag behind girls more significantly in reading and behavior problems. They may be less ahead in math than their peers from more advantaged backgrounds. Our findings demonstrate this heterogeneity of gender differences by maternal education but not by family structure. This may indicate that cultural norms associated with gender play a significant role in explaining the observed heterogeneity across family circumstances. We replicated these findings for academic achievement using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Class 1998–1999.
State-Wide Programming for Supporting New Special Education Teachers: A Rural Perspective
Authors: Rivera Christopher J. , Sasser Bradley , Baker Joshua
Published: October 2023

Supporting beginning teachers continues to be problematic for education systems across the nation. Issues concerning recruitment and retention have long plagued the profession. The onset of the global pandemic exacerbated these issues, particularly across rural communities. Researchers continue to advocate for the need to provide beginning teachers with supports such as professional development, mentoring, and consultation to help improve retention and overall school/professional outcomes. The delivery of these supports must go beyond traditional methods of implementation, especially considering the lack of resources that schools encounter. This article is a program description of a regional approach for providing instructional coaching, professional development, and professional learning networks for beginning teachers, with a specific focus on its impact on special educators in rural communities.
cgMSI: pathogen detection within species from nanopore metagenomic sequencing data
Authors: Zhu Xu , Zhao Lili , Huang Lihong , Yang Wenxian , Wang Liansheng , Yu Rongshan
Published: October 2023

Background

Metagenomic sequencing is an unbiased approach that can potentially detect all the known and unidentified strains in pathogen detection. Recently, nanopore sequencing has been emerging as a highly potential tool for rapid pathogen detection due to its fast turnaround time. However, identifying pathogen within species is nontrivial for nanopore sequencing data due to the high sequencing error rate.

Results

We developed the core gene alleles metagenome strain identification (cgMSI) tool, which uses a two-stage maximum a posteriori probability estimation method to detect pathogens at strain level from nanopore metagenomic sequencing data at low computational cost. The cgMSI tool can accurately identify strains and estimate relative abundance at 1× coverage.

Conclusions

We developed cgMSI for nanopore metagenomic pathogen detection within species. cgMSI is available at https://github.com/ZHU-XU-xmu/cgMSI.
Joint modeling of longitudinal changes of pulse rate and body temperature with time to recovery of pneumonia patients under treatment: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Biru Getu Dessie , Derebe Muluwerk Ayele , Workie Demeke Lakew
Published: October 2023

Background

Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide and one of the most common lower respiratory tract infections that is contributing significantly to the burden of antibiotic consumption. The study aims to identify the determinants of the progress of pulse rate, body temperature and time to recovery of pneumonia patients.

Method

A prospective cohort study design was used from Felege Hiwot referral hospital on 214 sampled pneumonia patients from March 01, 2022 up to May 31, 2022. The Kaplan–Meier survival estimate and Log-Rank test was used to compare the survival time. Joint model of bivariate longitudinal and time to event model was used to identify factors of longitudinal change of pulse rate and body temperature with time to recovery jointly.

Result

As the follow up time of pneumonia patient’s increase by one hour the average longitudinal change of pulse rate and body temperature were decreased by 0.4236 bpm and 0.0119 $${C}^{0}$$

C

0

. The average longitudinal change of pulse rate and body temperature of patients who lived in rural was 1.4602 bpm and 0.1550 $${C}^{0}$$

C

0

times less as compared to urban residence. Patients who had dangerous signs are significantly increased the average longitudinal change of pulse rate and body temperature by 2.042 bpm and 0.6031 $${C}^{0}$$

C

0

as compared to patients who had no dangerous signs. A patient from rural residence was 1.1336 times more likely to experience the event of recovery as compared to urban residence. The estimated values of the association parameter for pulse rate and body temperature were -0.4236 bpm and -0.0119 respectively, which means pulse rate and body temperature were negatively related with patients recovery time.

Conclusion

Pulse rate and body temperature significantly affect the time to the first recovery of pneumonia patients who are receiving treatment. Age, residence, danger sign, comorbidity, baseline symptom and visiting time were the joint determinant factors for the longitudinal change of pulse rate, body temperature and time to recovery of pneumonia patients. The joint model approach provides precise dynamic predictions, widespread information about the disease transitions, and better knowledge of disease etiology.
Model containing sarcopenia and visceral adiposity can better predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter study
Authors: Liu Yao , Fu Sirui , Yu Xiangrong , Zhang Jinxiong , Zhu Siyu , Yang Yang , Huang Jianwen , Luo Hanlin , Tang Kai , Zheng Youbing , Zhao Yujie , Chen Xiaoqiong , Zhan Meixiao , He Xiaofeng , Li Qiyang , Duan Chongyang , Chen Yuan , Lu Ligong
Published: October 2023

Aim

This study aimed to explore whether the addition of sarcopenia and visceral adiposity could improve the accuracy of model predicting progression-free survival (PFS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

In total, 394 patients with HCC from five hospitals were divided into the training and external validation datasets. Patients were initially treated by liver resection or transarterial chemoembolization. We evaluated adipose and skeletal muscle using preoperative computed tomography imaging and then constructed three predictive models, including metabolic (ModelMA), clinical–imaging (ModelCI), and combined (ModelMA−CI) models. Their discrimination, calibration, and decision curves were compared, to identify the best model. Nomogram and subgroup analysis was performed for the best model.

Results

ModelMA−CI containing sarcopenia and visceral adiposity had good discrimination and calibrations (integrate area under the curve for PFS was 0.708 in the training dataset and 0.706 in the validation dataset). ModelMA−CI had better accuracy than ModelCI and ModelMA. The performance of ModelMA−CI was not affected by treatments or disease stages. The high-risk subgroup (scored > 198) had a significantly shorter PFS (p < 0.001) and poorer OS (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The addition of sarcopenia and visceral adiposity improved accuracy in predicting PFS in HCC, which may provide additional insights in prognosis for HCC in subsequent studies.
Is radical radiotherapy with/without surgery an effective treatment in the lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary gland？
Authors: Niu Xiaoshuang , Liu Peiyao , Wang Xiaoshen , Hu Chaosu
Published: October 2023

Background

There is limited information of radical radiotherapy (RT) on lymphoepithelial carcinoma of salivary gland (LECSG) regarding to the rarity of the disease. We conducted this retrospective study that evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of radical RT with/without surgery in LECSG.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients that were pathologically diagnosed of LECSG and had definite or suspicious residual disease. The prescribed dose given to P-GTV and/or P-GTV-LN was 66 to 70.4 Gy. The clinical target volume (CTV) involved ipsilateral salivary gland and corresponding lymph node drainage area.

Results

A total of 56 patients were included. With a median follow-up of 60 months (range: 8 to 151 months), the 1-, 5-, and 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 94.6%, 84.7% and 84.7%; locoregional progression-free survival (LRPFS) rates were 98.2%, 87.4% and 87.4%; distance metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates were 94.6%, 86.7% and 86.7%; and overall survival (OS) rates were 98.2%, 92.4% and 89.0%, respectively. A total of 7 patients without surgery were included. All patients were alive and only one patient experienced failure of distant metastasis four months after RT. The results of univariate analysis showed that compared with N stage, the number of positive lymph nodes (2 positive lymph nodes) was better prognostic predictor especially in PFS. There were no treatment-related deaths and most toxicities of RT were mild.

Conclusions

Radical RT with/without surgery in LECSG for definite or suspicious residual disease is feasibility and efficacy. Most toxicities of RT were mild due to the target volume involved ipsilateral area.
Successful antibiotic management of Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis after implantable collamer lens implantation
Authors: Zheng Ke , Zheng Xiaohong , Gan Dekang , Zhou Xingtao
Published: October 2023

Purpose

We report a case of successful medical management of endophthalmitis post implantable collamer lens (ICL) culture-positive of Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Observations

: A 18-year-old female presented with decreased visual acuity in the left eye 20 days after ICL implantation. A diagnosis of postoperative endophthalmitis was made based on examination and ultrasonography. A vitreous tap was taken, and intravitreal antibiotics (vancomycin 1 mg/0.1ml and ceftazidime 2 mg/0.1ml) were administered twice (every 72 h), and peribulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide after four days of the second intravitreal injection. The vitreous culture was confirmed for Staphylococcus epidermidis. The endophthalmitis was resolved, and visual acuity improved from 6/20 to 12/20 on day 7 and 22/20 on day 38. This is the first successful medical resolution of Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis post ICL surgery without ICL explantation and vitrectomy in the V4c model.

Conclusions and importance

: In antibiotic therapy, the excellent compliance and close follow-up of this endophthalmitis patient enabled careful postoperative surveillance on the effect of antibiotic therapy, avoiding the removal of the ICL or the loss of the integrity of the eye. The risk of potential infectious endophthalmitis post-ICL surgery should be fully emphasized during preoperative counseling.
The palm or the plate? An assessment of dietary guideline promotion, awareness, and preferences among Saudis: cross-sectional survey
Authors: Alnasser Aroub
Published: October 2023

Background

Dietary Guidelines for Saudis are offered and promoted in two forms: the Healthy Food Palm and the Saudi Healthy Plate. However, public awareness, recognition, and engagement with these guidelines is not well studied. Understanding the factors behind dietary guideline promotion, awareness, recognition, and use may lead to greater optimization of and engagement with the guidelines. This study aims to assess recognition of and public engagement with the My Palm and My Plate dietary guidelines as well as dietary guideline awareness, perceptions, and preferences among Saudis.

Methods

To compare awareness, knowledge, and usability between the Healthy Food Palm and the Saudi Healthy Plate dietary guidelines, a cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted among Saudi adult males and females above 18 (n = 674) between October 2021 and January 2022. Participants were split into groups based on age and gender.T-test and χ2 tests were used to determine differences between groups for continuous and categorical variables, respectively.

Results

Most participants were unaware of the Healthy Food Palm and the Saudi Healthy Plate guidelines, with only 11.1% and 30.3% able to recognize guideline-associated visual illustrations, respectively. However, nearly half of the participants correctly identified the number of food groups in the Healthy Food Palm and Saudi Healthy Plate. As well, more than half of the sample preferred the Saudi Healthy Plate, while one-quarter of the sample preferred neither guideline. In terms of future public health promotion, participants identified that “convenience and availability” (29.6%) and “my own health” (28.6%) were the most influential dietary choice factors with “social media campaigns” (2.4%) and the involvement of “an influencer” (3.1%) being the least influential dietary choice factors.

Conclusions

Implementation of and public awareness of dietary guidelines is less than optimal, and opportunities exist for greater information dissemination and public engagement. Measurement and ongoing evaluation of public dietary guideline awareness and use and a more in-depth understanding of dietary choice influences and behaviors are important considerations for dietary guideline development and promotion.
Correlation between use of different type protective facemasks and the oral ecosystem
Authors: D’Ercole Simonetta , Parisi Paolo , D’Arcangelo Sara , Lorusso Felice , Cellini Luigina , Dotta Tatiane Cristina , Di Carmine Maristella , Petrini Morena , Scarano Antonio , Tripodi Domenico
Published: October 2023

Background

Spread worldwide through droplets, the Virus Sars-Cov-19 has caused a global health emergency alarm. In order to limit its spread, the use of masks has become part of the daily life of the entire population, however, little is known about its constant use and the changes generated in the oral cavity. This work aims to investigate correlations between the continuous use of masks covering the nose and mouth for 3 h and changes in the ecological factors of the oral cavity.

Methods

34 volunteers were divided into 2 groups: wear only the filtering facepiece code 2 (FFP2) mask (Group A) and wear the FFP2 mask covered by a surgical mask (Group B). Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), saliva rehydration and consistency test, collection of basal saliva and saliva stimulated with paraffin gum and mucosal swab were collected and analyzed at two times: before using the mask(s) (T0) and 3 h after continuous use of the mask(s) (T1).

Results

The results indicated a significant difference between the groups, in which the basal saliva volume and pH and the peaks of VOCs increased for group B between T0 and T1. The rehydration time decreased and the volume and pH of the stimulated saliva increased, but with no significant difference between the groups. Furthermore, group B showed a significant decrease in Candida albicans Colony Forming Units (CFUs) and Total Bacterial Count (TBC) between T0 and T1.

Conclusion

It is concluded that the prolonged use of the FFP2 mask covered by a surgical mask can generate oral alterations in the user.