bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sigma Receptor (σR) Ligands with Antiproliferative and Anticancer Activity
Authors: Georgiadis Markos-Orestis , Karoutzou Olga , Foscolos Angeliki-Sofia , Papanastasiou Ioannis
Published: August 2017

Sigma receptor (σR) ligands have proven to be useful as cancer diagnostics and anticancer therapeutics and their ligands have been developed as molecular probes in oncology. Moreover, various σR ligands generate cancer cell death in vitro and in vivo. These σR ligands have exhibited promising results against numerous human and rodent cancers and are investigated under preclinical and clinical study trials, indicating a new category of drugs in cancer therapy.
Enantiomeric-Enriched Ferrocenes: Synthesis, Chiral Resolution, and Mathematic Evaluation of CD-chiral Selector Energies with Ferrocene-Conjugates
Authors: Snegur Lubov , Borisov Yurii , Kuzmenko Yuliya , Davankov Vadim , Ilyin Mikhail , Ilyin Mikhail , Arhipov Dmitry , Korlyukov Alexander , Kiselev Sergey , Simenel Alexander
Published: August 2017

Enantiomeric-enriched ferrocene-modified pyrazoles were synthesized via the reaction of the ferrocene alcohol, (S)-FcCH(OH)CH3 (Fc = ferrocenyl), with various pyrazoles in acidic conditions at room temperature within several minutes. X-ray structural data for racemic (R,S)-1N-(3,5-dimethyl pyrazolyl)ethyl ferrocene (1) and its (S)-enantiomer (S)-1 were determined. A series of racemic pyrazolylalkyl ferrocenes was separated into enantiomers by analytical HPLC on β- and γ-cyclodextrins (CD) chiral stationary phases. The quantum chemical calculations of interaction energies of β-CD were carried out for both (R)- and (S)-enantiomers. A high correlation between experimental HPLC data and calculated interaction energies values was obtained.
Bis(1-pyrenylmethyl)-2-benzyl-2-methyl-malonate as a Cu2+ Ion-Selective Fluoroionophore
Authors: Moriuchi-Kawakami Takayo , Hisada Youji , Higashikado Akihisa , Inoue Tsubasa , Fujimori Keiichi , Moriuchi Toshiyuki
Published: August 2017

A new malonate possessing two pyrene moieties was synthesized as a fluoroionophore, and its structure and fluorescence spectroscopic properties were investigated. When excited at 344 nm in acetonitrile/chloroform (9:1, v/v), the synthesized bispyrenyl malonate has the fluorescence of intramolecular excimer (λem = 467 nm) emissions and not a pyrene monomer emission (λem = 394 nm). A large absolute fluorescence quantum yield was obtained in the solid state (ΦPL = 0.65) rather than in solution (ΦPL = 0.13). X-ray crystallography analysis clarified the molecular structure and alignment of the bispyrenyl malonate in the crystal phase, elucidating its fluorescence spectroscopic properties. Such analysis also suggests there are intramolecular C–H···π interactions and intermolecular π···π interactions between the pyrenyl rings. Interestingly, the synthesized bispyrenyl malonate exhibits excellent fluorescence sensing for the Cu2+ ion. Remarkable fluorescence intensity enhancement was only observed with the addition of the Cu2+ ion.
Identification of Optically Active Pyrimidine Derivatives as Selective 5-HT2C Modulators
Authors: Kim Juhyeon , Jo Hanbyeol , Lee Hyunseung , Choo Hyunah , Kim Hak , Pae Ae , Cho Yong , Min Sun-Joon
Published: August 2017

A series of pyrimidine derivatives 4a–i were synthesized and evaluated for their binding affinities towards 5-HT2C receptors. With regard to designed molecules 4a–i, the influence of the size of alkyl ether and the absolute configuration of a stereogenic center on the 5-HT2C binding affinity and selectivity was studied. The most promising diasteromeric mixtures 4d and 4e were selected in the initial radioligand binding assay and they were further synthesized as optically active forms starting from optically active alcohols 5d and 5e, prepared by an enzymatic kinetic resolution. Pyrimidine analogue (R,R)-4e displayed an excellent 5-HT2C binding affinity with good selectivity values against a broad range of other 5-HT receptor subtypes.
Interfacially-Located Nanoparticles Anticipate the Onset of Co-Continuity in Immiscible Polymer Blends
Authors: Luna Martina Salzano de , Causa Andrea , Filippone Giovanni
Published: August 2017

The addition of nanoparticles has recently emerged as a clever tool to manipulate the microstructure and, through it, the macroscopic properties of immiscible polymer blends. Despite the huge number of studies in this field, the underlying mechanisms of most of the nanoparticle-induced effects on the blend microstructure remain poorly understood. Among others, the origin of effect of nanoparticles on the transition from distributed (drop-in-matrix) to co-continuous morphology is still controversial. Here we address this issue through a systematic study on a model blend of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) filled with small amounts of nanoparticles (organo-modified clay) selectively located at the polymer–polymer interface. Extraction experiments with selective solvents prove that the nanoparticles significantly anticipate the onset of co-continuity with respect to the unfilled blend. Morphological analyses reveal that such an effect is a consequence of the interconnection of nanoparticle-coated polymer domains. Such “ginger-like” clusters get into contact at low content due to their irregular shape, thus anticipating the onset of co-continuity.
Seasonal Migration and Settlement around Lake Chad: Strategies for Control of Resources in an Increasingly Drying Lake
Authors: Zieba Felix Watang , Yengoh Genesis Tambang , Tom Abdouraman
Published: August 2017

The Lake Chad Basin has for a very long period supported the livelihoods of millions of peoples from the different countries that share this transboundary water resource. Its shrinking over the decades has meant that many of those who depend on it for livelihoods would have to adjust to the changing resource environment of this lake basin. This study sets out to examine the seasonal migration of people in search of water, pasture, fuelwood and cultivable land, and how this movement affects access and use of basin resources. The study made use of survey data obtained from 220 household heads on the Cameroon side of the Lake Chad basin, and secondary data from Cameroon ministries in charge of agriculture, the environment, and that of livestock. Our findings show that while fishing and livestock rearing continue to feature among the oldest determinants of population movements in the Lake Chad basin, increasingly the search for new farming opportunities made available by a shrinking lake and the political instability emanating from Nigeria are also becoming an important determinant. The increasing population in the lake region is compounding pressures created by a shrinking lake on access to water, fuelwood, pasture, and farmland. While there is potential to develop and benefit from the agricultural possibilities emerging from a shrinking lake, the impacts of poor agricultural resource management (especially land degradation, loss of agricultural biodiversity, and poor water management) may hamper the sustainable practice of agriculture if proper efforts are not made to address them. This study contributes to the scientific understanding of the changing nature of environmental resources in Africa. It specifically contributes to understanding the exacerbating threats to the sustainability of natural resources (water, agricultural and grazing land) caused by environmental changes, diversification of rural actors (fishers, farmers, breeders), weak resource management, and since 2013, by an armed conflict.
Radiation-Induced Attenuation of Perfluorinated Polymer Optical Fibers for Radiation Monitoring
Authors: Stajanca Pavol , Krebber Katerina
Published: August 2017

Due to some of their unique properties, optical fiber dosimeters are attractive and extensively researched devices in several radiation-related areas. This work evaluates the performance and potential of commercial perfluorinated polymer optical fibers (PF-POFs) for radiation monitoring applications. Gamma radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) of two commercial PF-POFs is evaluated in the VIS spectral region. Influence of a dose rate and temperature on RIA measurement is investigated, along with defect stability and measurement repeatability. Co-extruded PF-POFs are identified as more suitable for radiation monitoring applications due to lower dose-rate dependence. With co-extruded PF-POF, RIA measurement holds potential for highly-sensitive radiation monitoring with good reproducibility. The results show that operation in the blue part of the spectrum provides most favorable performance in terms of the largest nominal radiation sensitivity, lower temperature, and dose-rate dependence as well as higher defect stability. We demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge, that PF-POFs can be used for distributed detection of radiation with doses down to tens of Grays. The off-the-shelf, user-friendly PF-POF could be of interest as a cheap, disposable sensor for various applications, especially of a more qualitative nature.
Nanotribological behavior of deep cryogenically treated martensitic stainless steel
Authors: Prieto Germán , Bakoglidis Konstantinos D , Tuckart Walter R , Broitman Esteban
Published: August 2017

Cryogenic treatments are increasingly used to improve the wear resistance of various steel alloys by means of transformation of retained austenite, deformation of virgin martensite and carbide refinement. In this work the nanotribological behavior and mechanical properties at the nano-scale of cryogenically and conventionally treated AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel were evaluated. Conventionally treated specimens were subjected to quenching and annealing, while the deep cryogenically treated samples were quenched, soaked in liquid nitrogen for 2 h and annealed. The elastic–plastic parameters of the materials were assessed by nanoindentation tests under displacement control, while the friction behavior and wear rate were evaluated by a nanoscratch testing methodology that it is used for the first time in steels. It was found that cryogenic treatments increased both hardness and elastic limit of a low-carbon martensitic stainless steel, while its tribological performance was enhanced marginally.
Synthesis and catalytic application of magnetic Co–Cu nanowires
Authors: Sun Lijuan , Li Xiaoyu , Xu Zhiqiang , Xie Kenan , Liao Li
Published: August 2017

A rapid, template-free method was developed to prepare magnetic, bimetallic Co–Cu nanowires via liquid phase reduction and metal replacement under an external magnetic field. The characterization results confirmed that the as-prepared product was bimetallic Co–Cu nanowires with a desirable linear structure. Additionally, the magnetic hysteresis loop showed that the bimetallic Co–Cu nanowires were paramagnetic, which meant they could be easily separated from the reaction mixture. Furthermore, they were applied to the hydrolysis system of ammonia borane as a catalyst for the first time. More importantly, the catalysis results showed that the bimetallic nanowires possessed appealing catalytic performance. Therefore, a rapid and facile synthesis method is introduced which is capable of preparing bimetallic Co–Cu nanowires with great potential for industrial applications.
AN EXAMINATION OF TRUST AS A STRATEGICAL FACTOR OF SUCCESS IN LOGISTICAL FIRMS
Authors: Oláh Judit , Karmazin György , Fekete Mária Farkasné , Popp József
Published: August 2017

The aim of this research is to examine the effect of the role and level of in-sector trust (involving clients, subcontractors, and other logistics providers) and trust within firms in creating competitiveness in logistics service providers. The data were collected from 51 logistics service providers in Hungary. During our research we established that trust related to staff is decisive in the direction of the firm’s profitability, and the trust communicated by the top manager (trust in partners) is essential in ensuring smooth operations and long term, stable flexible cooperation. The results of this paper effectively support logistics service providers in finding economic success factors, thanks to which they can completely satisfy the expectations of customers in the supply chain.
Substantiation of Reliability Requirements for Mobility Means of Surface-to-Air Missile Systems
Authors: Open'ko P. V. , Drannyk P. A. , Kobzev V. V. , Brovko M. B. , Zalevsky G. S.
Published: August 2017

Common principles of substantiation of reliability requirements for vehicles (mobility means) of surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems are discussed. The principles mentioned include the impact of a hierarchically-branched structure of SAM system and reliability of their vehicles on system effectiveness under the real conditions. As the complex measure of SAM system effectiveness the coefficient of effectiveness sustainment of SAM system combat (technical) mobility means is used, which is the ratio of system output effect characteristic taking into account reliability measures of mobility means to its value in case, when mobility means do not have failures. The coefficient used here is considered to be the function of mean distance between failures (MDBF) of mobility means and their number.
Current Capabilities of Modal Analysis of Aircraft Propeller in ANSYS Mechanical Environment
Authors: Vysoký R.
Published: August 2017

The article deals with the modal analysis of a small aircraft propeller. In here are discussed the possible three cases of the Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation, in the environment of ANSYS Mechanical software. Successively each of them is described by the theoretical and application parts. Further on, there are explained the important results from the modal analysis, i.e., the calculated natural frequencies, mode shapes, participation factors and effective masses. The following three cases of the FEM simulation were used: the classic approach, the cyclic symmetry modelling and the Component Mode Synthesis (CMS) method. At the end the calculated frequencies of the all three cases are compared.
Optimization of the Low-Speed Link Throughput for Voice Services
Authors: Mazálek A. , Bešťák R. , Vránová Z. , Plátěnka V.
Published: August 2017

The weak point of the field network is represented by E12 low-speed relay links. The situation requires savings of the bandwidth. For this purpose, the necessary bandwidth for voice transmission up to the level of the physical layer has been analyzed. As a suitable solution of network throughput increase, we propose the change of a Voice Payload Size. After finding the optimal Voice Payload Size, tests were carried out to verify the impact of the Voice Payload Size on call quality. A packet loss rate is chosen as a parameter for modelling real traffic. To obtain the expected voice quality, the E-model according to the G.107 Recommendation is applied. The theoretical results are compared with practical measurements, when using the proprietary Cisco Packet Loss Concealment algorithm to evaluate the voice quality. The results obtained have confirmed the suitability of the solution.
Des bourgeois et des princes
Authors: Le Roux Nicolas
Published: August 2017

De 1614 à 1617, Paris vécut dans une situation très tendue. Pour saisir la façon dans les soulèvements des princes et la mort de Concini furent ressentis dans la capitale, on peut se pencher sur le journal inédit de l’avocat Laurent Bouchel. Celui-ci était proche des partisans de Condé et des adversaires de Concini, mais il éprouvait un sentiment de révulsion devant les violences. Il s’offusque spécialement des atteintes portées aux cours de justice et, s’il apprécie les arguments hostiles au Florentin, il n’en désapprouve pas moins les déprédations attribuées au « menu peuple », conformément aux représentations que les gens de loi se faisaient de cette entité déraisonnable.
Feasibility of Providing Safe Mouth Care and Collecting Oral and Fecal Microbiome Samples from Nursing Home Residents with Dysphagia: Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Jablonski Rita A. , Winstead Vicki , Azuero Andres , Ptacek Travis , Jones-Townsend Corteza , Byrd Elizabeth , Geisinger Maria L. , Morrow Casey
Published: August 2017

Individuals with dysphagia who reside in nursing homes often receive inadequate mouth care and experience poor oral health. From a policy perspective, the combination of absent evidence-based mouth care protocols coupled with insufficient dental coverage create a pool of individuals at great risk for preventable infectious illnesses that contribute to high health care costs. The purpose of the current study was to determine (a) the safety of a mouth care protocol tailored for individuals with dysphagia residing in nursing homes without access to suction equipment, and (b) the feasibility of collecting oral and fecal samples for microbiota analyses. The mouth care protocol resulted in improved oral hygiene without aspiration, and oral and fecal samples were safely collected from participants. Policies supporting ongoing testing of evidence-based mouth care protocols for individuals with dysphagia are important to improve quality, demonstrate efficacy, and save health care costs. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43
(9), 9–15.]
Measurement-Based Care in Psychiatry
Authors: Waldrop Jessica , McGuinness Teena M.
Published: August 2017

Measurement-based care (MBC) uses patient-reported rating scales in conjunction with evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to provide an objective assessment of patient progress over time to guide a more precise plan of care. Use of MBC is routine in medical disease management. Unfortunately, MBC is not standard practice in psychiatric care. The current nonsystematic approach to the delivery of mental health care has created considerable variability in practice and may stall recovery. Although MBC has proven benefits, there are perceived barriers to its implementation. Greater research is needed to standardize psychiatric measures and clinical practice guidelines and determine the most effective implementation strategies. A review of the literature was conducted to (a) provide an overview of MBC and relevant screening tools; (b) examine the clinical use of MBC, including its relevance to evidence-based clinical guidelines and empirical support; and (c) detail the benefits and challenges of MBC implementation. As mental health care moves in the direction of value-driven incentives, it will be important for providers and organizations to consider MBC as an evidence-based framework to reduce variability in psychiatric treatment and improve patient outcomes. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services
,
55
(11), 30–35.]
Big data collection and analysis for manufacturing organisations
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , Baglee David , Campos Jaime , Jantunen Erkki
Published: August 2017

Data mining applications are becoming increasingly important for the wide range of manufacturing and maintenance processes. During daily operations, large amounts of data are generated. This large volume and variety of data, arriving at a greater velocity has its own advantages and disadvantages. On the negative side, the abundance of data often impedes the ability to extract useful knowledge. In addition, the large amounts of data stored in often unconnected databases make it impractical to manually analyse for valuable decision-making information. However, an advent of new generation big data analytical tools has started to provide large scale benefits for the organizations. The paper examines the possible data inputs from machines, people and organizations that can be analysed for maintenance. Further, the role of big data within maintenance is explained and how, if not managed correctly, big data can create problems rather than provide solutions. The paper highlights the need to have advanced mining techniques to enable conversion of data into information in an acceptable time frame and to have modern analytical tools to extract value from the big datasets.
Warring Societies (and Intellectuals)
Authors: Hage Ghassan
Published: August 2017

I’m going to talk about warring societies and the role of academics in them. I’m trying to describe a logic of colonial settler states, which have always conceived themselves to be besieged by uncivilised others and which structure themselves defensively and legitimise these structures in the sense that they have to protect themselves from the uncivilised others surrounding them.
Governing Water as a Common Good in the Mekong River Basin: issues of scale
Authors: Hirsch Philip
Published: August 2017

Transboundary water governance has received special attention in the wake of the World Bank vice-president Ismail Serageldin’s famous prediction in 1995 that, “if the wars of this century were fought over oil, the wars of the next century will be fought over water”. The water wars scenario ensures that in the world’s more than 260 river basins that flow across national boundaries, primary attention is given to managing water as an international commons. A framework for such transboundary management has been in place more or less continuously in the Mekong for half a century, and it would appear that water has indeed been a force for cooperation even when brutal conflict has torn at the region.

Despite the appearance of successful basin-scale management, inter-governmental management of water as an international commons in a transboundary river basin context can also hide some troubling ways in which water as a commons is eroded in the process of development. This paper considers common property dimensions of water and the livelihood systems that they support at multiple scales within the Mekong. It goes on to look at ways in which these are impacted upon by bureaucratisation, infrastructure and commodification processes. Ironically, basin organisations can both enhance and undermine governance for the common good, depending on how they deal with commonality of interest in freshwater at various scales. The paper draws on brief case studies of current trends in water governance including river basin organisations in the Mekong (the Mekong River Commission and River Basin Committees at national levels), of infrastructure (Thailand’s proposed Water Grid and Laos’ Nam Theun 2 dam) and of commodified notions of water (as a development resource and as a scarce commodity to be managed through market mechanisms).
The dynamics of gender perception and status in email-mediated group interaction V1.0
Authors: Don Alexanne
Published: August 2017

This paper takes the position that identity is not located in the individual but in the community in which each individual is recognised as a legitimate participant. Markers of identity such as gender, race, and socio-economic class are not visible in written interaction, but socialisation produces expectations regarding the positions, status and behaviour of dual gender roles, and such expectations can colour the ways in which participants in a mailing list respond to each other. Despite the fact that technological mediation appears to render social markers invisible, social categories such as gender can become even more relevant for interactants in these contexts. The study of interactional patterns on the mailing list Cybermind uses a scheme to classify posts in order to highlight participants’ responses to their projected addressees according to perceived gender. The findings indicate that style of response both to and by each ‘identified’ gender can be differentiated, and suggests that interactive behaviour contributes to the legitimation of local status of participants, but that this is not just a function of gender alone.
Social Justice in the Forest: Aboriginal engagement with Australia's forest industries
Authors: Feary Sue
Published: August 2017

What remains of Australia’s native forests are important to Aboriginal people for environmental, cultural and economic reasons. Managers of forests in protected areas at State and Commonwealth levels have policies for involving Aboriginal people in forest management and for protecting the intangible and tangible values that Aboriginal people place on forests, but there are limited opportunities for significant economic returns to Aboriginal communities. Outside of conservation reserves, there are native timber production forests on crown land, plantations on private and public land and, forests on Aboriginal land, that offer a range of opportunities for Aboriginal people to engage with forest industries. Cultural traditions and values continue to play a role but they are manifest in different ways, depending on the local situation.
Negotiating Hinduism in East Africa, 1860-1960
Authors: Oonk Gijsbert
Published: August 2017

This paper describes how Hindus in East Africa developed from ‘South Asians in Africa’ to ‘Asian Africans’ between 1880-1960. It shows how the Hindu community in East Africa realised their own geographical spaces and areas of interaction. The various cultural encounters of Hindus traders and businessmen with African, Arab and European communities may have been economically profitable, but they harmed cultural pillars of Hindu identity, like notions of caste, purity, food habits and marriage patterns. Obviously, this was not a harmonious process, but one with conflicts in which painful decisions had to be made and legitimised. For others, however, it was an opportunity to free themselves from the burden of religious patronage. The research is based on the history of more than twenty Hindu Lohana families who have lived in East Africa for three generations or more.
Dithiothreitol activity by particulate oxidizers of SOA produced from photooxidation of hydrocarbons under varied NOx levels
Authors: Jiang Huanhuan , Jang Myoseon , Yu Zechen
Published: August 2017

Abstract. When hydrocarbons (HCs) are atmospherically oxidized, they form particulate oxidizers, including quinones, organic hydroperoxides, and peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs). These particulate oxidizers can modify cellular materials (e.g., proteins and enzymes) and adversely modulate cell functions. In this study, the contribution of particulate oxidizers in secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) to the oxidative potential was investigated. SOAs were generated from the photooxidation of toluene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, isoprene, and α-pinene under varied NOx levels. Oxidative potential was determined from the typical mass-normalized consumption rate (reaction time t =  30 min) of dithiothreitol (DTTt), a surrogate for biological reducing agents. Under high-NOx conditions, the DTTt of toluene SOA was 2–5 times higher than that of the other types of SOA. Isoprene DTTt significantly decreased with increasing NOx (up to 69 % reduction by changing the HC ∕ NOx ratio from 30 to 5). The DTTt of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and α-pinene SOA was insensitive to NOx under the experimental conditions of this study. The significance of quinones to the oxidative potential of SOA was tested through the enhancement of DTT consumption in the presence of 2,4-dimethylimidazole, a co-catalyst for the redox cycling of quinones; however, no significant effect of 2,4-dimethylimidazole on modulation of DTT consumption was observed for all SOA, suggesting that a negligible amount of quinones was present in the SOA of this study. For toluene and isoprene, mass-normalized DTT consumption (DTTm) was determined over an extended period of reaction time (t =  2 h) to quantify their maximum capacity to consume DTT. The total quantities of PANs and organic hydroperoxides in toluene SOA and isoprene SOA were also measured using the Griess assay and the 4-nitrophenylboronic acid assay, respectively. Under the NOx conditions (HC ∕ NOx ratio: 5–36 ppbC ppb−1) applied in this study, the amount of organic hydroperoxides was substantial, while PANs were found to be insignificant for both SOAs. Isoprene DTTm was almost exclusively attributable to organic hydroperoxides, while toluene DTTm was partially attributable to organic hydroperoxides. The DTT assay results of the model compound study suggested that electron-deficient alkenes, which are abundant in toluene SOA, could also modulate DTTm.
Seasonal variations in high time-resolved chemical compositions, sources, and evolution of atmospheric submicron aerosols in the megacity Beijing
Authors: Hu Wei , Hu Min , Hu Wei-Wei , Zheng Jing , Chen Chen , Wu Yusheng , Guo Song
Published: August 2017

Abstract. A severe regional haze problem in the megacity Beijing and surrounding areas, caused by fast formation and growth of fine particles, has attracted much attention in recent years. In order to investigate the secondary formation and aging process of urban aerosols, four intensive campaigns were conducted in four seasons between March 2012 and March 2013 at an urban site in Beijing (116.31° E, 37.99° N). An Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry (HR-ToF-AMS) was deployed to measure non-refractory chemical components of submicron particulate matter (NR-PM1). The average mass concentrations of PM1 (NR-PM1+black carbon) were 45.1 ± 45.8, 37.5 ± 31.0, 41.3 ± 42.7, and 81.7 ± 72.4 µg m−3 in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. Organic aerosol (OA) was the most abundant component in PM1, accounting for 31, 33, 44, and 36 % seasonally, and secondary inorganic aerosol (SNA, sum of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) accounted for 59, 57, 43, and 55 % of PM1 correspondingly. Based on the application of positive matrix factorization (PMF), the sources of OA were obtained, including the primary ones of hydrocarbon-like (HOA), cooking (COA), biomass burning OA (BBOA) and coal combustion OA (CCOA), and secondary component oxygenated OA (OOA). OOA, which can be split into more-oxidized (MO-OOA) and less-oxidized OOA (LO-OOA), accounted for 49, 69, 47, and 50 % in four seasons, respectively. Totally, the fraction of secondary components (OOA+SNA) contributed about 60–80 % to PM1, suggesting that secondary formation played an important role in the PM pollution in Beijing, and primary sources were also non-negligible. The evolution process of OA in different seasons was investigated with multiple metrics and tools. The average carbon oxidation states and other metrics show that the oxidation state of OA was the highest in summer, probably due to both strong photochemical and aqueous-phase oxidations. It was indicated by the good correlations (r = 0.53–0.75, p < 0.01) between LO-OOA and odd oxygen (Ox =  O3 + NO2), and between MO-OOA and liquid water content in aerosols. BBOA was resolved in spring and autumn, influenced by agricultural biomass burning (e.g., field preparation burnings, straw burning after the harvest). CCOA was only identified in winter due to domestic heating. These results signified that the comprehensive management for biomass burning and coal combustion emissions is needed. High concentrations of chemical components in PM1 in Beijing, especially in winter or in adverse meteorological conditions, suggest that further strengthening the regional emission control of primary particulate and precursors of secondary species is expected.
Optimizing hydroxyl airglow retrievals from long-slit astronomical spectroscopic observations
Authors: Franzen Christoph , Hibbins Robert Edward , Espy Patrick Joseph , Djupvik Anlaug Amanda
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Astronomical spectroscopic observations from ground-based telescopes contain background emission lines from the terrestrial atmosphere's airglow. In the near infrared, this background is composed mainly of emission from Meinel bands of hydroxyl (OH), which is produced in highly excited vibrational states by reduction of ozone near 90 km. This emission contains a wealth of information on the chemical and dynamical state of the Earth's atmosphere. However, observation strategies and data reduction processes are usually optimized to minimize the influence of these features on the astronomical spectrum. Here we discuss a measurement technique to optimize the extraction of the OH airglow signal itself from routine J-, H-, and K-band long-slit astronomical spectroscopic observations. As an example, we use data recorded from a point-source observation by the Nordic Optical Telescope's intermediate-resolution spectrograph, which has a spatial resolution of approximately 100 m at the airglow layer. Emission spectra from the OH vibrational manifold from v′  =  9 down to v′  =  3, with signal-to-noise ratios up to 280, have been extracted from 10.8 s integrations. Rotational temperatures representative of the background atmospheric temperature near 90 km, the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region, can be fitted to the OH rotational lines with an accuracy of around 0.7 K. Using this measurement and analysis technique, we derive a rotational temperature distribution with v′ that agrees with atmospheric model conditions and the preponderance of previous work. We discuss the derived rotational temperatures from the different vibrational bands and highlight the potential for both the archived and future observations, which are at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions, to contribute toward the resolution of long-standing problems in atmospheric physics.
High-resolution global grids of revised Priestley–Taylor and Hargreaves–Samani coefficients for assessing ASCE-standardized reference crop evapotranspiration and solar radiation
Authors: Aschonitis Vassilis G. , Papamichail Dimitris , Demertzi Kleoniki , Colombani Nicolo , Mastrocicco Micol , Ghirardini Andrea , Castaldelli Giuseppe , Fano Elisa-Anna
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The objective of the study is to provide global grids (0.5°) of revised annual coefficients for the Priestley–Taylor (P-T) and Hargreaves–Samani (H-S) evapotranspiration methods after calibration based on the ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers)-standardized Penman–Monteith method (the ASCE method includes two reference crops: short-clipped grass and tall alfalfa). The analysis also includes the development of a global grid of revised annual coefficients for solar radiation (Rs) estimations using the respective Rs formula of H-S. The analysis was based on global gridded climatic data of the period 1950–2000. The method for deriving annual coefficients of the P-T and H-S methods was based on partial weighted averages (PWAs) of their mean monthly values. This method estimates the annual values considering the amplitude of the parameter under investigation (ETo and Rs) giving more weight to the monthly coefficients of the months with higher ETo values (or Rs values for the case of the H-S radiation formula). The method also eliminates the effect of unreasonably high or low monthly coefficients that may occur during periods where ETo and Rs fall below a specific threshold. The new coefficients were validated based on data from 140 stations located in various climatic zones of the USA and Australia with expanded observations up to 2016. The validation procedure for ETo estimations of the short reference crop showed that the P-T and H-S methods with the new revised coefficients outperformed the standard methods reducing the estimated root mean square error (RMSE) in ETo values by 40 and 25 %, respectively. The estimations of Rs using the H-S formula with revised coefficients reduced the RMSE by 28 % in comparison to the standard H-S formula. Finally, a raster database was built consisting of (a) global maps for the mean monthly ETo values estimated by ASCE-standardized method for both reference crops, (b) global maps for the revised annual coefficients of the P-T and H-S evapotranspiration methods for both reference crops and a global map for the revised annual coefficient of the H-S radiation formula and (c) global maps that indicate the optimum locations for using the standard P-T and H-S methods and their possible annual errors based on reference values. The database can support estimations of ETo and solar radiation for locations where climatic data are limited and it can support studies which require such estimations on larger scales (e.g. country, continent, world). The datasets produced in this study are archived in the PANGAEA database (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.868808) and in the ESRN database (http://www.esrn-database.org or http://esrn-database.weebly.com).
Landslide susceptibility mapping on a global scale using the method of logistic regression
Authors: Lin Le , Lin Qigen , Wang Ying
Published: August 2017

Abstract. This paper proposes a statistical model for mapping global landslide susceptibility based on logistic regression. After investigating explanatory factors for landslides in the existing literature, five factors were selected for model landslide susceptibility: relative relief, extreme precipitation, lithology, ground motion and soil moisture. When building the model, 70 % of landslide and nonlandslide points were randomly selected for logistic regression, and the others were used for model validation. To evaluate the accuracy of predictive models, this paper adopts several criteria including a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method. Logistic regression experiments found all five factors to be significant in explaining landslide occurrence on a global scale. During the modeling process, percentage correct in confusion matrix of landslide classification was approximately 80 % and the area under the curve (AUC) was nearly 0.87. During the validation process, the above statistics were about 81 % and 0.88, respectively. Such a result indicates that the model has strong robustness and stable performance. This model found that at a global scale, soil moisture can be dominant in the occurrence of landslides and topographic factor may be secondary.
A Macro and Micro Perspective Issue in Globalization
Authors: Kamelifar Leila , Mirzaee Sepideh
Published: August 2017

Globalization is a phenomenon that makes any country to contact with the whole world and China is not an exception. Globalization has a lot of cultural influences on all the countries over the world. This paper reviews the literature about the issue of globalization, politeness and politeness strategies used by Chinese English learners and their counterpart Native Americans. Furthermore, the present paper attempts to find the sources of these “cultural mismatches”. This paper ends with the implications of this concept in the field of language learning and teaching.
Integrated Centripetal Forces: A Study on the Benefits that Australian Learning and Teaching Centers (LTCs) will Contribute to the Development of Double First-rate Universities in China
Authors: Wang Liangliang , Fan Mingfang , Zhang Feng
Published: August 2017

An investigation of eight university-based Learning and Teaching Centers (LTCs) at Australian top-tier universities could provide benefits for the development of China’s Double First-rate universities. This paper contributes to our understanding of integrated centripetal forces in four ways. Firstly, we describe integrated organizational centripetal force. Then, we examine integrated staff centripetal force, which imply that LTCs regard teacher education as dynamic, sustainable processes providing enriched teaching and professional developmental resources. Next, LTCs facilitate the integrated discipline centripetal force that reveals the required technical guidance and identification of academic leaders. Finally, we realize the integrated centripetal force of the quality of education resulting from the development of high-quality learning environments for student engagement and scientific evaluation, and feedback from lecturers’ teaching. Therefore, the experience from LTCs can promote the organization and construction of Double First-rate universities, letting teachers respond to students’ changing in suitable ways, benefiting academic’s centripetal force of self-improvement, producing the centripetal force that benefits both the teacher and the discipline. Eventually, LTCs could fundamentally integrate all stakeholders’ centripetal forces in promoting first-class disciplines and first-class universities in China’s higher education.
What Motivates Consumers to Purchase Organic Food in Malaysia?
Authors: Lian Song Bee
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the consumer motivational factors that influence their attitude to purchase of organic food in Malaysia. Consumer motivational factors involved past experience, health consciousness and personal values were examined in this study. Data from 421 organic food consumers were obtained through a survey conducted in Kuala Lumpur and Petaling Jaya or better known as Klang Valley, Malaysia. The structural equation modelling was used for data analysis and four hypotheses were tested. The findings showed that all four hypotheses were accepted. Health consciousness had the greatest positive influence on consumer attitude of organic food, followed by past experience and personal values. Purchase of organic food products was significantly affected by consumer attitude of the products. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First and from a theoretical perspective, it offers both development and validation of Theory of Planned Behaviour and Hierarchy of Effect model. Second and from a pragmatic perspective, the findings proposed useful information to organic food providers in developing and implementation of effective strategies to enhance consumption of organic food.
The Law Politics in Indonesia’s Pancasila and Citizenship Education Curriculum Revitalization of 2013
Authors: Maryanto Maryanto , Khoiriyah Nor , Purwo Saputro Supriyono
Published: August 2017

The curriculum is one component of education which is very important. It acts as a guide that program implementers use in real learning process. Dynamically, curriculum always change in order to lead to the improvement of the education system. On the subjects of Pancasila and Citizenship Education in schools for example, has undergone several changes in the curriculum, both in charge of its content and on its nomenclature, this change is needed in order to create a future generation that had Pancasila character embedded on their heart as stated in national education goals. However, in the process of Pancasila and Citizenship Education's curriculum change, it is undeniable that it is influenced by the current Law Politics as politics is what makes the rules. But what exactly is the influences of the law politics on Indonesia’s Pancasila and Citizenship Education Curriculum Revitalization Of 2013?. The studies conducteed on how the Law politics influence the revitalization of Pancasila and Citizenship Education curriculum showed that (1) the Directions of Pancasila and Citizenship Education curriculum revitalization in Indonesia leads to; (2) The basic foundation establishment and implementation of the curriculum in 2013's Pancasila and Citizenship Education subject (3) the Products of Pancasila and Citizenship Education curriculum revitalization in Indonesia. The result that is a model of a good Pancasila and Citizenship Education curriculum revitalization should be implemented, monitoring and evaluation needs to be done to determine the level of achievement and expected results. Monitoring and evaluation results will serve as a recommendation to develop and or improve curriculum that will come.
Expectations of Male and Female Adoptive Parents of Different Marital Status and Sexual Orientation
Authors: Sohr-Preston Sara L. , Kliebert Holly , Moreno Olivia , Dugas Timothy , Zepeda Dylan
Published: August 2017

Adults in the U.S. (undergraduate college students and adults recruited online) read vignettes about a fictional individual seeking to adopt an infant. Based on random assignment, participants read versions in which the prospective adoptive parent described was either an implied male or female and single, married to someone of the opposite sex, or married to someone of the same sex. After reading the vignettes, participants rated their expectations of the prospective parent’s ability to parent and their perceptions of the prospective parent’s personal characteristics. Female participants reported significantly (p < .05) higher expectations of general ability to parent and perceived higher responsibility, greater likeability, and less selfishness. Both sexes endorsed significantly lower anticipation of ability to parent and less responsibility when the prospective parent was designated as single or in a same-sex marriage. Same-sex prospective parents were additionally rated as significantly higher in immorality. Prospective fathers were rated as less likeable than prospective mothers and participants approved less of their plan to adopt. The authors discuss findings as relevant to bias favoring traditional families headed by a man and a woman with the wife taking the lead in the transition to parenthood.
Characterizing the Distribution of Ppm Gluten in Gluten Free Oatmeal Servings Contaminated with a Wheat Kernel
Authors: Fritz Ronald D. , Chen Yumin
Published: August 2017

Oats are often contaminated with rogue kernels of gluten-containing grains like wheat, barley and rye. When producing gluten free oatmeal, possessing an understanding of the consequences of this possibility is prudent, as labeling requirements specify a maximum amount of gluten in terms of ‘parts per million’ (ppm) gluten. Variation in contaminant kernels, along with variation due to measurement itself though, can result in a wide range of possible ppm gluten outcomes in contaminated servings. This research pursues characterization of this variability, highlighting contributors to it, doing so by quantifying distributional outcomes of ppm gluten in wheat kernel contaminated servings. This is done via statistical simulation of wheat kernel contaminated servings, done for a collection of wheat types and incorporating various measurement influences. Results indicate substantial variability in ppm gluten per serving for a given wheat type, as well as between them, with this being compounded by the measurement task itself.
Why Implement Distributed Systems in Municipal Music Schools in Colombia?
Authors: Ariza Leidy D. , Orjuela Carlos R.
Published: August 2017

In Colombia, since 2003, the public policy "National Plan of Music for citizen Coexistence" has been implemented as a government measure, which provides music courses in each one of the country's municipalities. This plan does not take into account the use of technologies to share the experiences of each one of the schools.Taking into account the above- mentioned points, this article focuses its attention on the search of technologies that can be used to share multimedia content such as Content Delivery Network (CDN), Learning Management System (LCMS) and Distributed Systems in order to indicate which technology is the most appropriate to fulfill this purpose.In that sense, through the Wireshark tool, network traffic is captured for each one of the tests performed: Upload, display and deletion of videos for each configured technology (CDN, LCMS and Distributed Systems), having as comparison parameters the following aspects: Real-time Traffic, Total Traffic Vs Packet Loss, Communication Exchange and Protocol Hierarchies. After doing that, we proceed to take statistics to be analyzed and obtain the comparative results that are needed for this research.Finally, one can conclude the comparison of the results of each technology: that it is appropriate that the municipal schools of music use distributed systems because the size of the packets sent is smaller than that one that is sent by CDN and CML technologies. There are no multiple communication jumps. No prior approval is required to publish the content and there is no limitation on the size of the content to be published.