bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EQUATIONS OF MOTION OF VARIABLE MASS NONHOLONOMIC DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS IN POINCARé-CHETAEV VARIABLES
Authors: QIAO YONG-FEN  , ZHAO SHU-HONG  ,   东北农业大学,哈尔滨150030
Published: December 2020

The equations of motion of variable-mass nonlinear nonholonomic dynamical systems in Poincaré-Chetaev variables have been studied. Firstly, the Poincaré-Chetaev variables x1,x2,…,xn and more with n-m holonomic constraints and m-l nonlinear nonholonomic constraints of Chetaev type were introduced. Secondly, the equations of Chaplygin's form, Nielsen's form and Appell's form were derived from the D'Alembert-Lagrange principle for a variable-mass mechanical system. Finally, the problem of equivalence between the Chaplygin's equations and the Appell's equations was discussed. Then the theory is illustrated by an example due to Appell.
SYMMETRY AND INVARIANT IN GENERALIZED MECHANICAL SYSTEMS IN THE HIGH-DIMENSIONAL EXTENDED PHASE SPACE
Authors: QIAO YONG-FEN  , LI REN-JIE  , ZHAO SHU-HONG  ,   东北农业大学,哈尔滨150030
Published: December 2020

By means of the invariance of Hamilton’s action under infinitesimal transformation in the high-dimensional extended phase space, the symmetry and invariant of the generalized holonomic conservative and nonconservative mechanical systems and some related propositions are obtained. Finally one example is given.
STUDIES ON THE FEATURE OF Si(111) SURFACE IMPLANTED BY NITROGEN ATOM,MOLECULE AND CLUSTER IONS
Authors: WANG PEI-LU  , LIU ZHONG-YANG  , ZHENG SI-XIAO  , LIAO XIAO-DONG  , YANG CHAO-WEN  , TANG A-YOU  , SHI MIAN-GONG  , YANG BEI-FANG  , MIAO JING-WEI  ,   四川大学原子核科学技术研究所,教育部辐射物理及技术重点实验室,成都610064
Published: December 2020

The measurement and analysis were carried out on the Si(111) surface implanted by N+1,N+2,N+10 cluster ions with high doses (1.7×1017ions/cm2) at 76keV energy using ellipsometry,Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy.It was found that the medium layer containing Si-N bond on the surface appeared,and their complex refractive index turned into real;however,at the same implantation dose their surface morphologies were different from each other.Expect for a few pittings,the N+1-implanted surface had a best fineness (average roughness Ra≈4.2nm), close to the unimplanted original surface.The N+2-implanted surface had a black dendritic area,and had a poorer fineness (Ra≈16nm).While in the N+10-implanted surface appeared a ripple structure,with the poorest fineness (Ra≈40nm).It was indicated that the roughness of the material surface increased with the ion size and fluence at the high energy in contrast to the cluster implantation at the low energy.
TIMING JITTER INDUCED BY AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION IN A FEMTOSECOND MODE-LOCKED SOLID-STATE LASER
Authors: LU HONG  ,   哈尔滨工业大学应用物理系,哈尔滨150001;飞秒技术组合,日本国茨城县筑波科学城305-8568 东光台1-1-4
Published: December 2020

We have derived a set of motion equations for the amplitude,the inverse pulse width,the chirp,the frequency,the central position of the pulse and the phase in a mode locked solid-state laser.In the hypothesis of the low and white noise,the timing jitter induced by the amplified spontaneous emission was estimated for a Ti:sapphire laser with the chirp.It is found that for a certain mode-locked solid-state laser with a pulse profile of sech2(1.763t/τ),the jitter is approximatively a linear function of the net group delay dispersion (GDD),and turns to be larger with increasing GDD ;however,it cannot be reduced to zero even if the GDD is completely compensated.
ALL OPTICAL DOUBLE QUASI-STEADY-STATE SPATIAL SOLITON
Authors: SHE WEI-LONG  , LEE WING-KEE  ,   (1)香港中文大学物理系和材料科学技术研究中心,中国香港; (2)中山大学超快速激光光谱学国家重点实验室,广州510275
Published: December 2020

We observed for the first time (to our knowledge) a new type of all optical double-quasi-steady-state photorefractive spatial soliton in a Cu:KNSBN crystal.The soliton was created without an applied electric field but with an inducing laser beam.An all optical switching effect was found in the formation of the soliton.
SCALING HYSTERESIS OF DYNAMICAL TRANSITION OF DILUTED HEISENBERG SPIN SYSTEM 
Authors: SHAO YUAN-ZHI  , LAN TU  , LIN GUANG-MING  ,   中山大学物理系,凝聚态物理研究所,广州510275
Published: December 2020

The Monte Carlo method was employed to perform the numerical simulation for classical discrete diluted Heisenberg spin system driven by an oscillating external magnetic field. To form the diluted spin system based on isotropic Heisenberg model, we introduced in the Hamiltonian of a typical Heisenberg model both random anisotropy energy term characterizing amorphous state with a proportion X and uniaxial anisotropy energy term representing crystalline state with a proportion 1-X. The dynamical transition behavior of the Spin system mentioned above, hysteresis loop scaled with parameter X and random as well as uniaxial anisotropy constant D and A, respectively, was studied in detail. It has been put forward a scaling relationship between hysteresis loop area and parameter X, A and D as below: Aarea-AδDηXσ . The main conclusions can be summarized below:(1)At a specific value X(defined as Xmin), the investigated system gains minimal hysteresis which has been proved experimentally in our another investigation. (2) The exponents δ,η and σ of the diluted spin system are universal constants, and the sum of δ+η(～0.9) equals the exponent δ,η of single either uniaxial or random anisotropy spin system. (3)The specific value Xmin versus logarithm of the ratio of A/D shows a peculiar sigmoidal trend.
PURE GREEN AND NARROW BANDWIDTH ELECTROLUMINESCENCE FROM ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES 
Authors: YANG SHENG-YI  , XU ZHENG  , LIU SHAN-SHAN  , DONG JIN-FENG  , ZHANG TING  , XU XU-RONG  , ZHANG LI  , YANG ZHAN-LAN  , WU JIN-GUANG  ,   (1)北方交通大学光电子技术研究所,信息存储、显示与材料部级开放实验室,北京100044; (2)北京大学化学与分子工程学院稀土材料化学及应用国家重点实验室,北京100871
Published: December 2020

Pure green and narrow bandwidth emission from organic bilayer electroluminescent devices were presented by using Tb3+∶(SA)3 as hole-transporting layer and emissive layer, and high fluorescent material Alq3 acting as electron-transporting layer. It proves that the emission comes from carriers' recombination after their tunneling through the inner interface (Tb3+∶(SA)3/Alq3) in the bilayer ITO/Tb3+∶(SA)3(40nm)/Alq3(55 nm)/Al diode. The spectrum of the bilayer devices varies with the thickness of the electron-transporting layer. Keeping the thickness of Tb3+∶(SA)3 layer constant, there is no emission from Alq3 layer when Alq3 layer reduces to 12 nm; meanwhile, pure green and narrow bandwidth emission can be observed. Thus, it provides a simple way to obtain high luminance and long-term stability by reducing electron- or hole-transporting layer, especially, by using a lanthanide complex for emissive layer.
离子注入合成β-FeSi2薄膜的显微结构
Authors: Li Xiao-Na  , Nie Dong  , Dong Chuang  , Ma Teng-Cai  , Jin Xing  , Zhang Zhe  ,   (1)三束材料改性国家重点联合实验室大连理工大学分部 ,大连理工大学材料工程系 ,大连　 1 1 60 2 4; (2)三束材料改性国家重点联合实验室大连理工大学分部,大连理工大学材料工程系,大连116024中国科学院北京电子显微镜实验室北京100080; (3)中国科学院北京电子显微镜实验室,北京100080
Published: December 2020

Ｉｒｏｎ ｓｉｌｉｃｉｄｅｆｉｌｍｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｚｅｄｂｙｍｅｔａｌｖａｐｏｒｖａｃｕｕｍａｒｃ (ＭＥＶＶＡ)ｉｏｎｉｍｐｌａｎｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｉｒｏｎｉｎｔｏ (1 1 1 )ａｎｄ
(1 0 0 )ｏｒｉｅｎｔｅｄｓｉｌｉｃｏｎｗａｆｅｒｓ.Ｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｗａｓｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅｄｕｓｉｎｇｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ (ＴＥＭ)ａｎｄｈｉｇｈｒｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ (ＨＲＥＭ) .ＴｈｅβFeSi2ｆｉｌｍｓａｎｄｂｕｒｉｅｄｌａｙｅｒｓｗｉｔｈｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｄｅｐｔｈａｎｄｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓｗｅｒｅｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｂｙａｄｊｕｓｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｉｍｐｌａｎｔａｔｉｏｎｅｎｅｒｇｙａｎｄｄｏｓｅ .Ｔｈｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆα,β,γａｎｄＣｓＣｌ ＦｅＳｉ2 ｐｈａｓｅｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄ .ＴｈｅｐｈａｓｅｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｒｄｅｒｉｓγFeSi2→βFeSi2→αFeSi2,CsClFeSi2→βFeSi2→αFeSi2 or βFeSi2→αFeSi2.Ａｎａｍｏｒｐｈｏｕｓｌａｙｅｒｗａｓｆｏｒｍｅｄａｔ60ｋＶａｎｄ 4× 1 0 1 7ｉｏｎｓ ｃｍ2 ,ｔｈｅｐｈａｓｅｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｒｄｅｒｉｓａｍｏｒｐｈｏｕｓ→β ＦｅＳｉ2 →α ＦｅＳｉ2 .Ｔｈｅｍｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｓｉｌｉｃｉｄｅｆｉｌｍｓｃｈａｎｇｅｗｉｔｈｔｈｅａｎｎｅａｌｉｎｇｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ.Ｔｈｅｓｉｌｉｃｉｄｅｇｒａｉｎｓｇｒｏｗｗｉｔｈｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇａｎｎｅａｌｉｎｇｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｗｉｔｈｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｏｆｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ ,ｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓｓｉｌｉｃｉｄｅｌａｙｅｒｓｓｈｒｉｎｋｉｎｔｏｉｓｏｌａｔｅｄｉｓｌａｎｄｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｆａｃｅβ ＦｅＳｉ2 Ｓｉｂｅ ｃｏｍｅｓｒｏｕｇｈｅｒ.Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ,ｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｅｄｏｒｉｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｓｅｘｉｓｔｉｎｇｂｅｔｗｅｅｎβ ＦｅＳｉ2 ａｎｄＳｉｗｅｒｅａｌｓｏｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄ
PbWO4晶体空位型缺陷电子结构的研究
Authors: Yao Ming-Zhen  , Liang Ling  , Gu Mu  , Duan Yong  , Ma Xiao-Hui  ,   同济大学物理系,上海200092
Published: December 2020

ＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓａｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｏｆｄｅｆｅｃｔｓａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｏｘｙｇｅｎｖａｃａｎｃｙＶＯａｎｄｌｅａｄｖａｃａｎｃｙＶＰｂｉｎｌｅａｄｔｕｎｇｓｔａｔｅｃｒｙｓｔａｌｓ (ＰｂＷＯ4) ,ｂｙｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｖｉｓｔｉｃｓｅｌｆ ｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｅｎｔｄｉｓｃｒｅｔｅｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎａｌｅｍｂｅｄｄｅｄｃｌｕｓｔｅｒｍｅｔｈｏｄ .Ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｍｏｒｅ,ｔｈｅｅｘｃｉｔａｔｉｏｎｅｎｅｒｇｙｉｓａｌｓｏｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅｄ.ＷｅｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔＷＯ3 +ＶＯｃｏｕｌｄｂｅｔｈｅａｂｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｃｅｎｔｅｒａｔ3 50ｎｍａｎｄ 42 0ｎｍ ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅｏｆＶＰｂｃａｎｄｉｍｉｎｉｓｈｔｈｅｂａｎｄｇａｐｏｆＷＯ42 -.
4H-SiC射频功率MESFET的自热效应分析
Authors: Yang Lin-An  , Zhang Yi-Men  , Gong Ren-Xi  , Zhang Yu-Ming  ,   西安电子科技大学微电子研究所,西安710071;
Published: December 2020

Ａｌａｒｇｅ ｓｉｇｎａｌａｎａｌｙｔｉｃａｌｍｏｄｅｌｗｉｔｈｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄｆｏｒ4Ｈ ＳｉＣｒａｄｉｏｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙｐｏｗｅｒＭＥＳＦＥＴＩ Ｖｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｉｓｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｔｈｅｏｒｙｏｆｓａｔｕｒａｔｅｄｃａｒｒｉｅｒｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙ,ｂｙｍｅａｎｓｏｆｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅｓｅｌｆ ｈｅａｔｉｎｇｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｓｔａｋｅｎｉｎｔｏａｃｃｏｕｎｔｓｏａｓｔｏａｎａｌｙｚｅｔｈｅｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｏｆＳｉＣｐｏｗｅｒＭＥＳＦＥＴ .Ｔｈｅｈｅａｔｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｃｈａｎｎｅｌａｎｄｔｈｅｓｕｂｓｔｒａｔｅｉｓｍｏｄｅｌｅｄｗｉｔｈｎｏｎ ｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅＴ0 ａｔｔｈｅｂｏｔｔｏｍｏｆ4Ｈ ＳｉＣｓｕｂｓｔｒａｔｅｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｆｉｔｔｈｅｒｅａｌａｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｄｅｖｉｃｅｓ.Ａｇｏｏｄａｇｒｅｅ ｍｅｎｔｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔｉｓｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄ.
耗散介观电容耦合电路的量子涨落
Authors: Long Chao-Yun  , Liu Bo  , Wang Xin-Fu  ,   (1)北京理工大学化工与材料学院,北京100081; (2)贵州大学物理系,贵阳550025; (3)中国科学院半导体研究所,北京100083
Published: December 2020

Ｔｈｅｑｕａｎｔｕｍｗａｖｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇｅｎｅｒｇｙｌｅｖｅｌｓｏｆｔｈｅｄｉｓｓｉｐａｔｉｖｅｍｅｓｏｓｃｏｐｉｃｃａｐａｃｉｔａｎｃｅｃｏｕｐｌｉｎｇｃｉｒｃｕｉｔｓａｒｅｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｂｙｕｓｉｎｇｕｎｉｔａｒｙａｎｄｌｉｎｅａｒｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｓ.Ｔｈｅｑｕａｎｔｕｍｆｌｕｃｔｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｈａｒｇｅａｎｄｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｉｎａｎａｒｂｉｔｒａｒｙｅｉｇｅｎｓｔａｔｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎａｌｓｏｇｉｖｅｎ.Ｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔｔｈｅｆｌｕｃｔｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｈａｒｇｅａｎｄｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｄｅｐｅｎｄｓｏｎｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｔｈｅｅｉｇｅｎｓｔａｔｅｂｕｔａｌｓｏｔｈｅｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｄｅｖｉｃｅｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓ.
三元有序合金GaxIn1-xP(x=0.52)的时间分辨谱
Authors: Gao Yu-Lin  , Lu Yi-Jun  , Zheng Jian-Sheng  , Chai Zhi-Gang  , Sang Hai-Yu  , Zeng Xue-Ran  ,   (1)厦门大学物理系 ,厦门　 3 61 0 0 5; (2)厦门大学物理系,厦门361005中山大学超快速激光光谱学国家重点实验室广州510275; (3)中山大学超快速激光光谱学国家重点实验室 ,广州　 51 0 2 7
Published: December 2020

Ｔｈｅｔｉｍｅ ｒｅｓｏｌｖｅｄｐｈｏｔｏｌｕｍｉｎｅｓｃｅｎｃｅ (ＴＲＰＬ)ｓｐｅｃｔｒａｏｆｏｒｄｅｒｅｄＧａ0 .5Ｉｎ0 . 5Ｐａｌｌｏｙｓｇｒｏｗｎｂｙｍｅｔａｌｏｒｇａｎｉｃｖａｐｏｒｐｈａｓｅｅｐｉｔａｘｙｗｅｒｅｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄ .Ｔｈｅｌｅａｓｔ ｓｑｕａｒｅｆｉｔｔｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｌｕｍｉｎｅｓｃｅｎｃｅｄｅｃａｙｓｐｅｃｔｒａｓｈｏｗｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｒｅｅｘｉｓｔｔｗｏｅｘｐｏｎｅｎｔｉａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ:ｆｏｒｔｈｅｑｕｉｃｋｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｔｈｅｌｉｆｅｔｉｍｅτ1 ｉｓａｂｏｕｔ1 2 8ｐｓ— 2 50ｐｓａｎｄ 1 86ｐｓ— 546ｐｓａｔｒｏｏｍｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅａｎｄ77Ｋ ,ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ;ａｎｄｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｌｏｗｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｔｈｅｌｉｆｅｔｉｍｅτ2 ｉｓ,ａｂｏｕｔ3 0 8ｐｓ— 1 83 2ｐｓ,ａｔｒｏｏｍｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅａｎｄａｔ77Ｋ ,ａｓｌｏｎｇａｓｎａｎｏｓｅｃｏｎｄａｎｄｅｖｅｎｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ 2 8ｎｓ.Ｔｈｅｓｈｏｒｔｌｉｆｅｔｉｍｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｂｅｌｏｎｇｓｔｏｔｈｅｒｅｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃａｒｒｉｅｒｓｉｎｔｈｅｏｒｄｅｒｅｄｄｏｍａｉｎｓ,ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｈｉｇｈ ｅｎｅｒｇｙｐｅａｋｉｎｔｈｅＰＬｓｐｅｃｔｒａ.Ｔｈｅｌｏｎｇｌｉｆｅｔｉｍｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｓｔｏｔｈｅｌｏｗ ｅｎｅｒｇｙｐｅａｋｉｎｔｈｅＰＬｓｐｅｃｔｒａ.Ｔｈｅｓｔｒｏｎｇｅｘｃｉｔａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｙｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｅｏｆτ2 ａｔａｆｉｘｅｄｅｎｅｒｇｙｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｌｏｎｇｌｉｆｅｔｉｍｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｃｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｂｅｅｘｐｌａｉｎｅｄｉｎｔｅｒｍｓｏｆｄｏｎｏｒ ａｃｃｅｐｔｏｒｐａｉｒ(ＤＡＰ) .Ｗｅａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｔｈｅｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｔｏｔｈｅｒｅｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｓｐａｔｉａｌｌｙｓｅｐａｒａｔｅｄｃｅｎｔｅｒｓｏｆｔｈｅｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｓｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｅｄｄｏｍａｉｎｓａｎｄｔｈｅｈｏｌｅｓｉｎｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒｅｄｒｅｇｉｏｎｓ.ＴｈｅＴＲＰＬｓｐｅｃｔｒａａｔ77Ｋｅｘｈｉｂｉｔａｂｌｕｅ ｓｈｉｆｔｗｉｔｈｔｉｍｅｄｅｌａｙ ,ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｉｎｇｔｈａｔｔｈｅｃａｒｒｉｅｒｓｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒｆｒｏｍｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒｅｄｒｅｇｉｏｎｓｔｏｏｒｄｅｒｅｄｄｏｍａｉｎｓ.
Heisenberg对应原理下氢原子1/r矩阵元的量子-经典对应
Authors: Jia Yan-Wei  , Liu Quan-Hui  , Peng Jie-Hua  , Wang Xin  , Shen Kang-Cun  ,   (1)湖南大学物理系,长沙410082; (2)湖南大学物理系,长沙410082,邵阳师范高等专科学校物理系,邵阳422000; (3)邵阳师范高等专科学校物理系,邵阳422000
Published: December 2020

Ｅｘｐｌｉｃｉｔｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｏｗｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｚｅｒｏｏｒｄｅｒｏｆｑｕａｎｔｕｍｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｍａｔｒｉｘｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｆｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎａｔｏｍ’ｓｉｎｖｅｒｓｅｒａｄｉｕｓｉｎｔｈｅｑｕａｓｉ ｃｌａｓｓｉｃａｌｃａｓｅａｒｅＨｅｉｓｅｎｂｅｒｇｍａｔｒｉｘｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔ ｏｒｄｅｒｔｅｒｍｐｌａｙｓａｒｏｌｅｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌｑｕａｎｔｕｍｎｕｍｂｅｒｓｉｓｌａｒｇｅ .Ｉｎｔｈｅｃｌａｓｓｉｃａｌｌｉｍｉｔ,ｑｕａｎｔｕｍｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｒｅｓｕｌｔｓａｒｅｉｄｅｎｔｉｃａｌｔｏＨｅｉｓｅｎｂｅｒｇｏｎｅｓ
TDGL方程的微扰理论
Authors: Liu Tian-Gui  , Yan Jia-Ren  , Pan Liu-Xian  ,   湖南师范大学物理系,长沙410081
Published: December 2020

Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ,ｉｎａｆｉｒｓｔ ｏｒｄｅｒａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｉｏｎ ,ｗｅｏｂｔａｉｎｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｐｅｒｔｕｒｂａｔｉｏｎｓｏｎａｓｔａｔｉｏｎａｒｙｓｏｌｉｔｏｎｆｏｒＴＤＧＬＥ (ｔｉｍｅｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｇｉｎｚｂｕｒｇ ｌａｎｄａｕｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎ) .Ｎａｍｅｌｙ ,ｗｅｏｂｔａｉｎｔｈｅｓｏｌｉｔｏｎｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｇｅｎｅｒａｌｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔ ｏｒ ｄｅｒｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ .Ａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅ,ｗｅｇｉｖｅｔｈｅｅｘａｃｔｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆａｓｐｅｃｉａｌｅｘａｍｐｌｅ
T-C模型中虚光子过程对光场压缩效应的影响
Authors: Wan Lin  , Liu Su-Mei  , Liu San-Qiu  ,   江西师范大学物理与通信电子学院,南昌330027
Published: December 2020

Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ,ｔｈｅｓｑｕｅｅｚｉｎｇｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆａｌｉｇｈｔｆｉｅｌｄｉｎｔｈｅＴ ＣｍｏｄｅｌｉｓｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｂｙｍｅａｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｑｕａｎｔｕｍｔｈｅｏｒｙｉｎｔｈｅＣｏｕｎｔｅｒ Ｒｏｔａｔｉｎｇ Ｗａｖｅ Ａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｉｏｎ (Ｃ ＲＷＡ) .Ｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｈｏｗｎｔｈａｔ:ｔｈｅｌｉｔｔｌｅｉｎｄｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎｗｈｉｃｈｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓｔｈｅｑｕａｎｔｕｍ
ｎｏｉｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｙｓｔｅｍａｐｐｅａｒｓｉｎｔｈｅｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｃｕｒｖｅｓｏｆＱｕｎｄｅｒｔｈｅＣ ＲＷＡ ;ｔｈｅｑｕａｎｔｕｍｎｏｉｓｅｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｖｉｒｔｕａｌｐｈｏｔｏｎｆｉｅｌｄｇｒａｄｕａｌｌｙｂｅｃｏｍｅｓｗｅａｋｗｈｅｎωｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓ;ｔｈｅｑｕａｎｔｕｍｎｏｉｓｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓｗｈｅｎ ｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓ;ｔｈｅｖｉｒｔｕａｌｐｈｏｔｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｃａｎｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｅｎｔｈｅｓｑｕｅｅｚｉｎｇｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｌｙ .Ｂｅｓｉｄｅｓ,ｔｈｅｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅａｔｏｍ ｆｉｅｌｄｃｏｕｐｌｉｎｇｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔλａｎｄｔｈｅａｔｏｍ ａｔｏｍｃｏｕｐｌｉｎｇｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔｇｏｎｔｈｅｓｑｕｅｅｚｉｎｇｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｅｌｄｉｓｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄｉｎｏｕｒｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ.
REV-ERBα mediates complement expression and diurnal regulation of microglial synaptic phagocytosis
Authors: Griffin Percy , Sheehan Patrick W , Dimitry Julie M , Guo Chun , Kanan Michael F , Lee Jiyeon , Zhang Jinsong , Musiek Erik S
Published: December 2020

The circadian clock regulates various aspects of brain health including microglial and astrocyte activation. Here, we report that deletion of the master clock protein BMAL1 in mice robustly increases expression of complement genes, including C4b and C3, in the hippocampus. BMAL1 regulates expression of the transcriptional repressor REV-ERBα, and deletion of REV-ERBα causes increased expression of C4b transcript in neurons and astrocytes as well as C3 protein primarily in astrocytes. REV-ERBα deletion increased microglial phagocytosis of synapses and synapse loss in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Finally, we observed diurnal variation in the degree of microglial synaptic phagocytosis which was antiphase to REV-ERBα expression. This daily variation in microglial synaptic phagocytosis was abrogated by global REV-ERBα deletion, which caused persistently elevated synaptic phagocytosis. This work uncovers the BMAL1-REV-ERBα axis as a regulator of complement expression and synaptic phagocytosis in the brain, linking circadian proteins to synaptic regulation.
Copulas in Spanish: Scalar structure and interpretive economy
Authors: Bazaco Carmelo
Published: December 2020

This article analyzes the distribution of the copulas ser and estar in Spanish, based on a scalar theoretical framework. The main proposal is that their distribution can be captured in terms of the scalar structure of the predicates involved and the presence of cognitive salient points on those scales. The proposed framework centers around ser predicates involving a single degree on the scale, while those with estar involve an interval, which additionally must involve an onset, or salient point.

 

This analysis has two advantages. First, it accounts for subjects and closed-scale adjective pairs not being able to alternate between ser or estar. The endpoints present on closed-scales act as strong salient points that, based on the Principle of Interpretive Economy, require that the copula estar is used if it can. Second, this analysis also accounts for the distribution of estar with open-scale predicates and explains why adjectives like famoso ‘famous’ or rico ‘rich’ are virtually absent from estar predications, despite having the appropriate temporal reading. Cognitive salient points are also responsible for generating the appropriate scalar interval required for estar predications, although their being weaker than endpoints on closed-scales does not require estar be the only copula available. The article also accounts for the nature of these onsets on open-scale adjectives and provides a diagnostic tool to determine which adjectives have them, and consequently can appear in estar predications.
la experiencia de mediación familiar en Chile
Authors: Correa Camus Paula
Published: December 2020

La incorporación de la mediación familiar como un trámite previo y obligatorio al proceso judicial ha generado una amplia discusión en la doctrina y en los operadores del sistema. Uno de los debates más interesantes es aquel que pretende determinar los efectos de la obligatoriedad tanto en los procesos mismos de mediación como en sus resultados. El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar las ventajas y desventajas que traen aparejadas las políticas públicas que incluyen la participación obligatoria en mediación y, en ese contexto, analizar la experiencia chilena en mediación familiar.
The Dominant Factors Affecting Employee’s Performance a Case Study at PT Bintai Kindenko Engineering Indonesia
Authors: Saputra Ade , Kholil . , Hardiyanto Toto
Published: December 2020

The general situation of national domestic business is not encouraging. More specifically, the number of Construction Service Companies engaged in the Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) field in Indonesia is increasing. In order to make all companies compete competitively, companies need effective human resources (HR) on MEP project on the meaning of effective HR is that have Knowledge, Skills and Attitude. One of the ways companies can achieve improved workforce performance is by applying disciplinary attitudes in accordance with applicable regulations. And must be supported by having a competent workforce. Leaders as managers in a project must be able to create a comfortable working atmosphere and conditions for their staff to have good performance. Leadership factors may effect the success or failure of an agency. The purpose of this research is to identify the dominant factors that affect labor performance in the MEP project conducted at PT Bintai Kindenko Engineering Indonesia. Data analysis with help of smartPLS 3.0 software. The results are that the discipline and leadership hasn't an affecting on workforce performance improvement, competency variables have an affecting on workforce performance improvement. And together the variables of discipline, competence, and leadership have an affecting on workforce performance improvement. The most affecting factor is the competency variable, with an affecting coefficient of 0.627 on performance.
Generalized Hadamard Matrices and 2-Factorization of Complete Graphs
Authors: Nishadi W. V. , Perera A. A. I.
Published: December 2020

Graph factorization plays a major role in graph theory and it shares common ideas in important problems such as edge coloring and Hamiltonian cycles. A factor  of a graph  is a spanning subgraph of  which is not totally disconnected. An - factor is an - regular spanning subgraph of  and  is -factorable if there are edge-disjoint -factors  such that . We shall refer as an -factorization of a graph . In this research we consider -factorization of complete graph. A graph with  vertices is called a complete graph if every pair of distinct vertices is joined by an edge and it is denoted by . We look into the possibility of factorizing  with added limitations coming in relation to the rows of generalized Hadamard matrix over a cyclic group. Over a cyclic group  of prime order , a square matrix  of order  all of whose elements are the  root of unity is called a generalized Hadamard matrix if , where  is the conjugate transpose of matrix  and  is the identity matrix of order . In the present work, generalized Hadamard matrices over a cyclic group  have been considered. We prove that the factorization is possible for  in the case of the limitation 1, namely, If an edge  belongs to the factor , then the and  entries of the corresponding generalized Hadamard matrix should be different in the   row. In Particular,  number of rows in the generalized Hadamard matrices is used to form -factorization of complete graphs. We discuss some illustrative examples that might be used for studying the factorization of complete graphs.
Numerical Solution of Delay Differential Equations via the Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces Method
Authors: Alshehri Reham K. , Maayah Banan S. , Ebaid Abdelhalim
Published: December 2020

Delay differential equations (DDEs) are generalization of the ordinary differential equation (ODEs), which is suitable for physical system that also depends on the past data. In this paper, the Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHS) method is applied to approximate the solution of a general form of first, second and third order fractional DDEs (FDDEs). It is a relatively new analytical technique. The analytical and approximate solutions are represented in terms of series in the RKHS.
Ocimum Species as Potential Bioresources against COVID-19: A Review of Their Phytochemistry and Antiviral Activity
Authors: Tshilanda Dorothée D. , Ngoyi Etienne M. , Kabengele Carlos N. , Matondo Aristote , Bongo Gedeon N. , Inkoto Clement L. , Mbadiko Clement M. , Gbolo Benjamin Z. , Lengbiye Emmanuel M. , Kilembe Jason T. , Mwanangombo Domaine T. , Kasiama Giresse N. , Tshibangu Damien S. T. , Ngbolua Koto-te-Nyiwa , Mpiana Pius T.
Published: December 2020

Aim: The aim of this work was to review literature data reported on some species of the Ocimum genus regarding their phytochemistry and antiviral potential in order to show how Ocimum species might be used in the management of COVID-19.

Methodology: Various databases like PubMed, PubMed Central., Science Direct, SCIELO, DOAJ, Science alert, Semantic scholar and Google scholar were used.

Results: Essential oils and extracts of Ocimum species possess the compounds involved in antiviral activity. In addition, this plant contains certain nutrients which boost the immune system. Ocimum genus displayed antiviral activity against several viruses like Herpes Simplex Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus, Adenovirus, Enterovirus 71, Parainfluenza virus type 3, Hepatitis C virus, etc. Toxicological data indicated that these plants are safe.

Conclusion: Till now, there is no effective treatment of COVID-19. Ethnopharmacology constitutes an alternative approach for the discovery of effective antiviral drugs. The literature survey reveals that Ocimum species exhibit high antiviral activity, and thus can be used as potential bioresources against COVID-19. Molecular docking study of the interaction of some compounds derived from Ocimum species with SARS-CoV-2 protease is in progress in order to identify the potential inhibitors of the virus.
Effect of Resistant Starch (RS) Rich Sorghum Food Consumption on Lipids and Glucose Levels of Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Hymavathi T. V. , Jyothsna E. , Robert T. Pradeepa , Sri V. Teja
Published: December 2020

Resistant starches are an important class, which gives benefits of fiber without affecting the sensory characteristics. Few studies reported the beneficial effect of resistant starch supplementation in reduction of lipid and glucose levels in diabetic subjects. In the present study we investigated the Resistant Starch (RS) rich millet food on lipid and glucose levels in diabetic subjects. Supplementation of 65 g of RS rich rawa (broken sorghum) for 90 days, significantly reduced Body Mass Index (BMI), Fasting Glucose (FG), TC (Total Cholesterol) and LDL-C (Low Density Lipo protein) (p,0.05) in diabetic subjects (n=15), while a non-significant reduction was found in HbA1c, eAG (estimated Average Glucose), TG, HDL-C and VLDL-C. The study indicated that regular consumption of RS rich foods might be beneficial for the diabetic population. Studies in larger population further strengthen the present understanding.
Investigating Thermophysical Properties Under Microgravity: A Review
Authors: Mohr Markus , Fecht Hans-Jörg
Published: December 2020

The advancement of metallic alloys is generally driven by alloy development, but furthermore requires the development of suitable production and processing routines. Almost all metallic products are formed through the solidification processing from the liquid phase. Although the solid‐state is not influenced by gravitational effects, the processing of liquids is strongly impacted by earth's gravity—this influences interface phenomena, momentum, heat, and mass transport and, consequently, the solidification events. Experiments on liquid metallic alloys in microgravity avoid these influences and therefore allow benchmark experiments. This allows, for example, to obtain reliable thermophysical properties, improve the understanding of nucleation, phase selection, crystal growth, and other basic features of the liquid phase and the liquid–solid transition. The basic methodology, as well as a number of recent results obtained in the long‐duration microgravity environment on board the international space station, are presented and discussed.
A Novel 3DOM TiO2 Based Multifunctional Photocatalytic and Catalytic Platform for Energy Regeneration and Pollutants Degradation
Authors: Ding Yang , Huang Lina , Barakat Tarek , Su Bao‐Lian
Published: December 2020

The ternary 3D ordered macroporous (3DOM) heterojuncted nanocomposites (platinum/bismuth molybdate/3DOM TiO2: 3DOM‐Pt/Bi2MoO6/TiO2) are designed and synthesized as multifunctional platform for photocatalytic dye degradation, photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) water splitting, and thermal‐catalytic toluene decomposition with high performance. A series of structural, optical, and electronic characterizations demonstrates that the remarkably improved photocatalytic degradation and PEC water splitting activities are attributed to the combined effects of enhanced light harvesting, abundant reactive sites, facile reactants transfer, and efficient charges–holes pair separation. Through optimizing the loading amounts of Pt and Bi2MoO6, it is found that the 1%Pt/10%Bi2MoO6/TiO2 nanocomposite exhibits the highest photocatalytic Rhodamin B (RhB) degradation rate and PEC water splitting activity, which are 10 and 2.2 times higher than that of the titania photonic crystal (PC‐TiO2) photocatalyst, respectively. This work clearly illustrates that the ternary photocatalyst with 3DOM structure and intimate heterostructure can significantly facilitate the transfer of reaction intermediates and the separation of photogenerated carriers. Considering its unique 3DOM structure and excellent photocatalytic/PEC performances, the ternary nanocomposite has been used in catalytic toluene decomposition and inspiringly shows high efficiency, being very promising in thermocatalytic applications. This work provides new solutions in developing new ternary nanocomposites for versatile applications in photocatalytic, photoelectrochemical, and catalytic fields.
Zinc‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Cyclic Imines: Synthesis of Chiral 2‐Aryl‐Substituted Pyrrolidines as Pharmaceutical Building Blocks
Authors: Węglarz Izabela , Michalak Karol , Mlynarski Jacek
Published: December 2020

The first successful enantioselective hydrosilylation of cyclic imines promoted by a chiral zinc complex is reported. In situ generated zinc‐ProPhenol complex with silane afforded pharmaceutically relevant enantioenriched 2‐aryl‐substituted pyrrolidines in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). The synthetic utility of presented methodology is demonstrated in an efficient synthesis of the corresponding chiral cyclic amines, being pharmaceutical drug precursors to the Aticaprant and Larotrectinib.

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Could the MED13 mutations manifest as a Kabuki‐like syndrome?
Authors: De Nardi Laura , Faletra Flavio , D'Adamo Adamo Pio , Bianco Anna Monica Rosaria , Athanasakis Emmanouil , Bruno Irene , Barbi Egidio
Published: December 2020

MED13‐related disorder is a new neurodevelopmental disorder recently described in literature, which belongs to the group of CDK8‐kinase module genes‐associated conditions. It is characterized by variable intellectual disability and/or developmental delays, especially in language. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), eye or vision problems, hypotonia, mild congenital hearth abnormalities and dysmorphisms have been described among individuals with MED13 mutations. We report the case of a 13‐year‐old girl who received a previous clinical diagnosis of Kabuki syndrome (KS) without mutations in classic KS genes. After a whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis a de novo missense mutation in MED13 (c.C979T; p.Pro327Ser) was found. This variant has been once described in literature as accountable for a novel neurodevelopmental disorder. The aim of this report is to improve clinical delineation of MED13‐related condition and to explore differences and similarities between KS spectrum and MED13‐related disorders.
Down syndrome on a small Caribbean island: an uphill battle to obtain services and care for affected individuals
Authors: Nelson Beverly , Lanza‐Perea Marta , Brathwaite Jozan , Hyacinth Tonya , Audain‐Miller Allison , Pierre Anne , Sobering Andrew K.
Published: December 2020

Most of the geographically isolated island nations in the Caribbean have small populations and low gross national product. As such, many lack important medical and community services. Difficulties are compounded when attempting to care for children with special needs and genetic disorders such as Down syndrome. International charitable organizations can help to provide much needed specialty medical care. Community associations can encourage local relationship building and education. Collaborative efforts with well‐funded laboratories can help to deliver molecular characterization for individuals who have genetic disorders. With community and volunteer effort, a higher standard of care is obtainable in underserved communities.
CAN‐mediated Oxidative Coupling‐Reaction of Xanthenes with Enaminones
Authors: Zhang Changyuan , Qiu Yun , Zhang Jiantao , Chen Lulu , Xu Shuting , Guo Huosheng , Luo Jian , Tan Yao
Published: December 2020

An efficient CAN‐mediated C−C bond formation in the oxidative reactions of xanthenes with enaminones under mild reaction conditions are described. A variety of 9H‐xanthene‐9‐ylidene aldehydes could be synthesized in up to 90% yield via one‐pot manner with good functional group compatibility, which achieved the simultaneous construction of carbon‐carbon double bond and carbon‐oxygen double bond.
Atomically Precise Preorganization of Open Metal Sites on Gold Nanoclusters with High Catalytic Performance
Authors: Yuan Shang‐Fu , Lei Zhen , Guan Zong‐Jie , Wang Quan‐Ming
Published: December 2020

Gold nanoclusters with surface open sites are crucial for practical applications in catalysis. We have developed a surface geometric mismatch strategy by using mixed ligands of different type of hindrance. When bulky phosphine Ph3P and planar dipyridyl amine (Hdpa) are simultaneously used, steric repulsion between the ligands will reduce the ligand coverage of gold clusters. A well‐defined access granted gold nanocluster [Au23(Ph3P)10(dpa)2Cl](SO3CF3)2 (Au23, dpa=dipyridylamido) has been successfully synthesized. Single crystal structural determination reveals that Au23 has eight uncoordinated gold atoms in the shape of a distorted bicapped triangular prism. The accessibility of the exposed Au atoms has been confirmed quantitatively by luminescent titration with 2‐naphthalenethiol. This cluster has excellent performance toward selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and demonstrates excellent stability due to the protection of negatively charged multidentate ligand dpa.
Unconventional Photocatalysis in Conductive Polymers: Reversible Modulation of PEDOT:PSS Conductivity by Long‐Lived Poly(Heptazine Imide) Radicals
Authors: Savateev Aleksandr , Markushyna Yevheniia , Schüßlbauer Christoph M. , Ullrich Tobias , Guldi Dirk M. , Antonietti Markus
Published: December 2020

In photocatalysis, small organic molecules are converted into desired products using light responsive materials, electromagnetic radiation, and electron mediators. Substitution of low molecular weight reagents with redox active functional materials may increase the utility of photocatalysis beyond organic synthesis and environmental applications. Guided by the general principles of photocatalysis, we design hybrid nanocomposites composed of n‐type semiconducting potassium poly(heptazine imide) (K‐PHI), and p‐type conducting poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as the redox active substrate. Electrical conductivity of the hybrid nanocomposite, possessing optimal K‐PHI content, is reversibly modulated combining a series of external stimuli ranging from visible light under inert conditions and to dark conditions under an O2 atmosphere. Using a conductive polymer as the redox active substrate allows study of the photocatalytic processes mediated by semiconducting photocatalysts through electrical conductivity measurements.
Study of tensor product model alternatives
Authors: Kuczmann Miklós
Published: December 2020

A tensor product (TP) model has an infinite number of alternatives. These variants can be readily derived by the TP model transformation that can variate the number of fuzzy rules, the number of antecedent and consequent sets and, further, the shape of the antecedent fuzzy sets. The related literature has quite deep analysis that modifying these features of a TP model has a crucial role in further design. The latest variants of the TP model transformation, emerged about a year ago, are capable of variating the input space of a TP model. The goal of this paper is to analyse this recently emerged new feature through the example of the gantry crane state space model.
Targeted systemic dendrimer delivery of CSF‐1R inhibitor to tumor‐associated macrophages improves outcomes in orthotopic glioblastoma
Authors: Liaw Kevin , Reddy Rajsekhar , Sharma Anjali , Li Jiangyu , Chang Michelle , Sharma Rishi , Salazar Sebastian , Kannan Sujatha , Kannan Rangaramanujam M.
Published: December 2020

Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive form of primary brain cancer, with median survival of 16–20 months and a 5‐year survival rates of <5%. Recent advances in immunotherapies have shown that addressing the tumor immune profile by targeting the colony‐stimulating factor 1 (CSF‐1) signaling pathway of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) has the potential to improve glioblastoma therapy. However, such therapies have shown limited successes in clinical translation partially due to lack of specific cell targeting in solid tumors and systemic toxicity. In this study, we present a novel hydroxyl dendrimer‐mediated immunotherapy to deliver CSF‐1R inhibitor BLZ945 (D‐BLZ) from systemic administration selectively to TAMs in glioblastoma brain tumors to repolarize the tumor immune environment in a localized manner. We show that conjugation of BLZ945 to dendrimers enables sustained release in intracellular and intratumor conditions. We demonstrate that a single systemic dose of D‐BLZ targeted to TAMs decreases pro‐tumor expression in TAMs and promotes cytotoxic T cell infiltration, resulting in prolonged survival and ameliorated disease burden compared to free BLZ945. Our results demonstrate that dendrimer‐drug conjugates can facilitate specific, localized manipulation of tumor immune responses from systemic administration by delivering immunotherapies selectively to TAMs, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy while reducing off‐target effects.
Novel, user‐friendly landmarks for localizing Baxter's nerve: A cadaveric study
Authors: Kim Inah , Nam Kyung Eun , Kang Minsuk , Ahn Min Young , Lee Jong In , Nam Yong Seok
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Identification of Baxter's nerve (BN) has proven challenging for less experienced practitioners using ultrasonography due to a lack of adequate landmarks. This study aimed to establish novel, user‐friendly anatomical landmarks and to describe useful structures to localize BN.

Materials and Methods

We examined 10 fresh cadaveric feet and identified the interobserver agreement of measuring three surface landmarks: the most medially protruded point on the medial malleolus (P), the navicular tuberosity (Q), and the center of the calcaneus (B). Next, 24 fresh cadaveric feet were used to identify the point of BN entry into the quadratus plantae (QP) muscle, which corresponds to the proximal BN impingement site. The rectangular coordinate system consisted of the origin (point P), X‐axis, extension line P–Q, and Y‐axis (the perpendicular line to the X‐axis). To consider various foot sizes, the X and Y values were divided by the P–Q length and were designated as the ratios X and Y.

Results

Points P and Q showed smaller interobserver differences than that of point B. Ratios X and Y were 61.25 and 99.80%, respectively, for the QP. BN arose from the lateral plantar nerve in 20 of 24 specimens. The adjacent vessel was <3 mm from the entrapment site of BN in 20 of 24 specimens.

Conclusion

New landmarks will improve the precision of localizing the entrapment site of BN and will provide advanced guidelines for podiatric patients.
Multifunctional in vitro bioactive properties: Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive of protein hydrolyzates from tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) obtained by enzymatic biotransformation
Authors: Chirinos Rosana , Cerna Elisabeth , Pedreschi Romina , Calsin Marienela , Aguilar‐Galvez Ana , Campos David
Published: December 2020

Background and objectives

Tarwi is a legume that grows in the Andean region of Peru. This grain is characterized by having a high protein content (~42%). In order to generate added‐value products from this resource, the possibility of obtaining tarwi protein hydrolyzates (TPH) with in vitro bioactive properties was evaluated using Alcalase, Neutrase, and Flavourzyme enzymes, acting alone or in combination for up to 240 min. The in vitro evaluated properties were as follows: antioxidant (ABTS assay), antidiabetic (α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP‐IV) inhibition), and antihypertensive (angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐I (ACE) inhibition).

Findings

The TPH obtained from the different enzyme treatments exhibited important antioxidant, antidiabetic (specially for DPP‐IV inhibition), and antihypertensive properties. One‐stage treatment using Alcalase for 240 min and two sequential stage treatments with Alcalase–Neutrase for 180 min presented the highest ABTS antioxidant activity and lowest IC50 values for DPP‐IV and ACE corresponding to 2.0–1.95 µmol TE/mg, 2.14–2.61 and 0.16–0.11 mg/ml, respectively.

Conclusions

The results of this research demonstrate that TPH exhibit in vitro multifunctional bioactive properties.

Significance and novelty

TPH could potentially be used in the prevention or management of chronic diseases related to the development of oxidative processes, diabetes, and hypertension.
Gastric ulcer penetration into liver: A case presentation and review of the literature
Authors: Stylianopoulou Lydia , Bartsokas Christos , Kalliakmanis Vasileios
Published: December 2020

A giant gastric ulcer penetrating into liver is a rare entity. Information is limited and the management recommendations are not clear. The surgical team has to consider several factors, before choosing between a major or minor procedure.
Effect of Mesoporosity, Acidity and Crystal Size of Zeolite ZSM‐5 on Catalytic Performance during the Ex‐situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass
Authors: Hernández‐Giménez Ana M. , Heracleous Eleni , Pachatouridou Eleni , Horvat Andrej , Hernando Héctor , Serrano David P. , Lappas Angelos A. , Bruijnincx Pieter C. A. , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: December 2020

The catalytic performance of a set of technical, zeolite ZSM‐5 extruded materials have been studied in a bench scale unit for the ex‐situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis (CFP) of lignocellulosic biomass. The set of catalysts include micro‐ and mesoporous materials, with and without ZrO2‐promotion, with different Si/Al ratios and with micro‐ and nanosized zeolite crystals. Mesoporosity, acidity and crystal size play a key role on the overall catalytic performances in terms of activity and selectivity (i. e., in their ability to obtain the highest bio‐oil fraction with the lowest oxygen content), and also importantly, stability. Detailed post‐mortem bulk and micro‐spectroscopic studies of the solid catalysts complement the catalytic testing. The obtained results point towards coke deposits as the main cause for catalyst deactivation. Details of the nature, formation and evolution of these coke deposits revealed essential insights, which serve to evaluate the design of catalysts for the ex‐situ CFP of biomass. In particular the mesoporous catalysts are overall better preserved with increasing time‐on‐stream and deactivate later than their microporous counterparts, which suffer from pore blockage. Likewise, it was seen that ZrO2‐promotion contributed positively in the prevention against deactivation by hard coke spreading, thanks to its enhanced Lewis acidity. The zeolite's crystal size is another important characteristic to combine the different components within catalyst bodies, ensuring the proper interaction between zeolite, promoter and binder. This is illustrated by the nanocrystalline ZrO2/n‐ZSM‐5‐ATP material, which shows the best catalytic performance.
Iminoboronates as Dual‐Purpose Linkers in Chemical Probe Development
Authors: van der Zouwen Antonie J. , Jeucken Aike , Steneker Roy , Hohmann Katharina F. , Lohse Jonas , Slotboom Dirk J. , Witte Martin D.
Published: December 2020

Chemical probes that covalently modify proteins of interest are powerful tools for the research of biological processes. Important in the design of a probe is the choice of reactive group that forms the covalent bond, as it decides the success of a probe. However, choosing the right reactive group is not a simple feat and methodologies for expedient screening of different groups are needed. We herein report a modular approach that allows easy coupling of a reactive group to a ligand. α‐Nucleophile ligands are combined with 2‐formylphenylboronic acid derived reactive groups to form iminoboronate probes that selectively label their target proteins. A transimination reaction on the labeled proteins with an α‐amino hydrazide provides further modification, for example to introduce a fluorophore.
Insights into granular mixing in vertical ribbon mixers
Authors: Golshan Shahab , Blais Bruno
Published: December 2020

In this research, granular mixing in vertical ribbon mixers was studied by means of discrete element method (DEM) simulations. Time‐averaged velocity distributions, granular mixing, mean square displacement of tracer particles, diffusion coefficients, and Peclet number in axial and azimuthal directions were used to find the flow pattern of particles and the dominant mixing mechanisms. Strong azimuthal motion of particles was observed, and it was found that by decreasing the height in the mixer, this azimuthal motion becomes stronger. The effects of rotating speed, fill level, and filling method were studied on the quality of mixing, where the quality of mixing was assessed using relative SD mixing index. It was found that by increasing the rotation speed from ωs = 60 rpm‐120 rpm, the mixing quality improves in a linear trend. Decreasing the fill level from 12 cm‐11 cm did not change the mixing quality, while with further decrease of the fill level to 10 cm, the mixing quality was improved. The mixing quality was also much better when the powder was inserted side‐to‐side instead of in axial layers.
Separation of propylene and propane by functional mixture of imidazolium thiocyanate ionic liquid‐organic solvent‐cuprous salt
Authors: Alhumaydhi Ibrahim A. , Abro Rashid , Mazari Shaukat Ali , Abro Masroor , Nizamuddin Sabzoi , Memon Abdul Q. , Yu Guangren
Published: December 2020

This work presented the preparation of two new systems comprised of ionic liquids (ILs), organic solvent, and cuprous salt. Consequently, their absorption ability was investigated for propylene (C3H6) and propane (C3H8) and their mixtures at 100 kPa‐700 kPa pressure and 298 K‐318 K temperature. Representative ILs were 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium thiocyanate ([C4mim]SCN) and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium thiocyanate ([C2mim]SCN). N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN) were selected for the absorption system. The effects of operating parameters like Cu+ concentration, pressure, temperature, and recycling of ILs absorbency were examined and compared with the literature. It was observed that C3H6 shows a chemical absorption while C3H8 undergoes a physical one by [C4mim]SCN‐DMF‐CuSCN and [C2mim]SCN‐DMF‐CuSCN, and an increase in concentration of Cu + effectively improves the absorption capability for C3H6 and the selectivity of C3H6/C3H8. Furthermore, [C4mim]SCN‐DMF‐CuSCN had higher absorption capability and selectivity for C3H6 than [C2mim]SCN‐DMF‐CuSCN. [C4mim]SCN‐CuSCN‐2.0 M absorbed 0.637 mol of C3H6 per litre while 0.16 mol of C3H8 per litre at 700 kPa and 298 K, with a selectivity of 3.9. This work shows that new combination of organic solvent and ILs with Cu+ salt is a new class of potential reactive absorbents to separate C3H6 and C3H8.
Influence of corporate social responsibility on sustainable practices of small and medium‐sized enterprises: Implications on business performance
Authors: Bacinello Edilson , Tontini Gérson , Alberton Anete
Published: December 2020

The strategic approach of corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be associated with sustainable practices, being considered as a source of value creation that generates competitive advantage and superior performance for companies. This perspective notes that the use of economic, social, and environmental resources and capacities can individually contribute to improving business performance (BP). The present study analyzes the strategic influence of the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of CSR on the performance of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Using a sample of 103 companies based in Brazil, the results indicate that SMEs can strategically use their resources and related capacities mainly for social and environmental issues, followed by the economic dimension of CSR, as an opportunity to create value and generate advantage competitive with rivals. Additionally, these three dimensions of CSR, with emphasis on the social aspect, can also provide better levels of BP in SMEs compared to competitors.
Ray flower initiation in the Helianthus radula inflorescence is influenced by a functional allele of the HrCYC2c gene
Authors: Fambrini Marco , Bernardi Rodolfo , Pugliesi Claudio
Published: December 2020

The radiate pseudanthium, with actinomorphic disk flowers surrounded by showy marginal zygomorphic ray flowers, is the most common inflorescence in the Helianthus genus. In Helianthus radula, ray flower primordia are normally absent at the dorsal domain of the inner phyllaries (discoid heads) while the occurrence of radiate inflorescences is uncommon. In Helianthus spp., flower symmetry and inflorescence architecture are mainly controlled by CYCLOIDEA (CYC)‐like genes but the putative role of these genes in the development of discoid inflorescences has not been investigate. Three CYC genes of H. radula with a role in ray flower identity (HrCYC2c, HrCYC2d, and HrCYC2e) were isolated. The phylogenetic analysis placed these genes within the CYC2 subclade. We identified two different alleles for the HrCYC2c gene. A mutant allele, designed HrCYC2c‐m, shows a thymine to adenine transversion, which generates a TGA stop codon after a translation of 14 amino acids. We established homozygous dominant (HrCYC2c/HrCYC2c) and recessive (HrCYC2c‐m/HrCYC2c‐m) plants for this nonsense mutation. Inflorescences of both HrCYC2c/HrCYC2c and HrCYC2c/HrCYC2c‐m plants initiated ray flowers, despite at low frequency. By contrast, plants homozygous for the mutant allele (HrCYC2c‐m/HrCYC2c‐m) failed at all to develop ray flowers. The results support, for the first time, a role of the HrCYC2c gene on the initiation of ray flower primordia. However, also in the two dominant phenotypes, discoid heads are the prevalent architecture suggesting that this gene is required but not sufficient to initiate ray flowers in pseudanthia. Other unknown major genes are most likely required in the shift from discoid to radiate inflorescence.