bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of temperature and FCC phase size on the deformation mechanism of pure titanium nanopillars: A molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Yang Dan , Ren Junqiang , Wang Qi , Lu Xuefeng , Lei Qingfeng , Xue Hongtao , Tang Fuling , Ding Yutian
Published: March 2021

The mechanism of plastic deformation under tensile and compressive loading of hexagonal close-packed (HCP)/face-centered cubic (FCC) biphasic titanium (Ti) nanopillars at different temperatures (70 K, 150 K, 300 K and 400 K) and different FCC phase sizes (2 nm, 4 nm, 6 nm and 8 nm) was investigated by molecular dynamics (MD). The plastic deformation is mainly concentrated in the FCC phase during compression loading. The HCP/FCC interface is the main source of [Formula: see text] Shockley partial dislocations. As the temperature increases, the dislocation nucleation rate increases and the surface dislocation source is activated. During tensile loading, it is more likely that the Shockley partial dislocations react with each other in the FCC phase to form Lomer–Cottrell sessile dislocations and stacking fault (SF) nets. When the temperature is reduced to 70 K, tensile twins are formed at the phase interface. The plastic deformation is dominated by twins and [Formula: see text] dislocation slip occurs in the HCP phase. The effect of the FCC phase size on the plastic deformation mechanism of the nanopillar is strong. The FCC phase is transformed into the HCP phase when the FCC phase size in the nanopillar is reduced to 4 nm under compressive loading. However, twin deformation occurs at the HCP/FCC interface when the FCC phase size is reduced to 2 nm under tensile loading.
A variety of wave amplitudes for the conformable fractional (2 + 1)-dimensional Ito equation
Authors: Az-Zo’bi Emad A. , Alzoubi Wael A. , Akinyemi Lanre , Şenol Mehmet , Masaedeh Basem S.
Published: March 2021

The conformable derivative and adequate fractional complex transform are implemented to discuss the fractional higher-dimensional Ito equation analytically. The Jacobi elliptic function method and Riccati equation mapping method are successfully used for this purpose. New exact solutions in terms of linear, rational, periodic and hyperbolic functions for the wave amplitude are derived. The obtained solutions are entirely new and can be considered as a generalization of the existing results in the ordinary derivative case. Numerical simulations of some obtained solutions with special choices of free constants and various fractional orders are displayed.
The anomalous electronic structure of electron-doped cuprate superconductors by considering the next higher harmonics of the superconducting gap
Authors: Qin Jihong
Published: March 2021

Based on the self-consistent mean field theory by considering the next higher harmonics of the superconducting (SC) gap, we discuss the energy and momentum dependence of the electron spectrum in electron-doped cuprate superconductors. By calculation of the electron spectral function, it is shown that the weight of the electron spectrum at the Fermi energy is strongly redistributed by the next higher harmonics of the SC gap in electron-doped cuprate superconductors, especially for the antinodal region. At the antinodal region, the weight of the electron spectrum at the Fermi surface increases with the increase of next higher harmonics term, reaches the maximum at a critical strength, then decreases when the next higher harmonics is larger. Our theoretical results show that the variation of the SC gap with the next higher harmonics can explain the anomalous behavior of the electron spectrum and different angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experimental results of different samples of electron-doped cuprate superconductors. Moreover, the magnitude of the SC gap can be suppressed by the next higher harmonics, which may be one of the reasons for the smaller SC gap in electron-doped cuprate superconductors. Obvious topological change happens in the SC gap at a critical strength of the next higher harmonics.
Electrochemistry of the NaI-AlBr3 Molten Salt System: A Redox-Active, Low-Temperature Molten Salt Electrolyte
Authors: Percival Stephen J. , Lee Rose Y. , Gross Martha M. , Peretti Amanda S. , Small Leo J. , Spoerke Erik D.
Published: March 2021

NaI-AlBr3 is a very appealing low melting temperature (<100 °C), salt system for use as an electrochemically-active electrolyte. This system was investigated for its electrochemical and physical properties with focus to energy storage considerations. A simple phase diagram was generated; at >100 °C, lower NaI concentrations had two partially miscible liquid phases, while higher NaI concentrations had solid particles. Considering the fully molten regime, electrical conductivities were evaluated over 5–25 mol% NaI and 110 °C–140 °C. Conductivities of 6.8–38.9 mS cm−1 were observed, increasing with temperature and NaI concentration. Effective diffusion coefficients of the I−/I3
− redox species were found to decrease with both increasing NaI concentration and increasing applied potential. Regardless, oxidation current density at 3.6 V vs Na/Na+ was observed to increase with increasing NaI concentration over 5–25 mol%. Finally, the critical interface between the molten salt electrolyte and electrode materials was found to significantly affect reaction kinetics. When carbon was used instead of tungsten, an adsorbed species, most likely I2, blocked surface sites and significantly decreased current densities at high potentials. This study shows the NaI-AlBr3 system offers an attractive, low-temperature molten salt electrolyte that could be useful to many applied systems, though composition and electrode material must be considered.
Method—Using Microelectrodes to Explore Solid Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Petrovick John G. , Anderson Grace C. , Kushner Douglas I. , Danilovic Nemanja , Weber Adam Z.
Published: March 2021

Solid polymer electrolytes are an emerging technology in electrochemistry driven by their use in energy applications such as fuel cells, electrolyzers, and solid-state batteries. Compared to traditional liquid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes provide safer, cheaper, and potentially improved device performance. However, there is a lack of standard experimental methods for studying solid electrolytes. Microelectrodes have inherent benefits capable of filling this experimental gap due primarily to their integration into model electrochemical cells with solid electrolytes that represent complex interfaces, enabling additional insight into reaction processes. In this tutorial review, we explore the use of microelectrodes to study solid polymer electrolytes, beginning with a brief history of the field including common experimental cell designs and their benefits and drawbacks. Methods of evaluating essential kinetic and mass-transport parameters are then examined. In addition, the key studies of the past 30 years utilizing microelectrode cells and solid polymer electrolytes are summarized, with important results highlighted and compared. Finally, future studies of solid polymer electrolytes with microelectrodes and potential new avenues of research are commented on.
Personalized physiologic flow waveforms improve wave reflection estimates compared to triangular flow waveforms in adults
Authors: Shenouda Ninette , Stock Joseph M. , Patik Jordan C. , Chirinos Julio A. , Edwards David G.
Published: March 2021

We demonstrate that triangular flow waveforms overestimate wave reflection indices, particularly at higher central pulse pressures independent of age or carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. In contrast, personalized physiologic flow waveforms provide equivalent wave reflection estimates as measured flow waveforms, thereby offering a more robust alternative to triangulation when aortic flow cannot be measured.
A Qualitative Study of Nursing Management in Iran
Authors: Kalateh Sadati Ahmad , Heydari Seyed Taghi , Ebrahimzade Najme , Bagheri Lankarani Kamran
Published: March 2021

Background. Nursing managers have a critical role at the hospitals. The current study aims to investigate different experiences of nursing managers. Method. This is a qualitative study that investigates the experiences of 11 nursing managers in Shiraz, Iran. Semistructured interviews and thematic analysis were, respectively, applied for data collection and analysis. Results. It could be found from the current investigation that nursing managers have a critical role at the hospitals, and their creativities have more impacts on procedures compared to organizational orders. There are four major challenges faced by nursing managers including nursing shortage, structural deficiencies, lack of authorities, and burnout. Although shortage is considered as the most important challenge, there are more emphasizes on the improvement of their controlling power in order to prevent their fatigue and burnout. Conclusion. This study showed that creativity of nursing managers is the most important factor of system management; also, shortage and deficiencies are recognized as the most significant challenges faced by them. According to the current study, the shortage of nursing staff is the central issue that has to be considered.
Computing Bounds of Fractional Metric Dimension of Metal Organic Graphs
Authors: Raza Mohsin , Alrowaili Dalal Awadh , Javaid Muhammad , Shabbir Khurram
Published: March 2021

Metal organic graphs are hollow structures of metal atoms that are connected by ligands, where metal atoms are represented by the vertices and ligands are referred as edges. A vertex

x

resolves the vertices

u

and

v

of a graph

G

if

d

u
,
x

≠
d

v
,
x

. For a pair

u
,
v

of vertices of

G

,

R

u
,
v

=

x
∈
V

G

:
d

x
,
u

≠
d

x
,
v

is called its resolving neighbourhood set. For each pair of vertices

u

and

v

in

V

G

, if

f

R

u
,
v

≥
1

, then

f

from

V

G

to the interval

0,1

is called resolving function. Moreover, for two functions

f

and

g

,

f

is called minimal if

f
≤
g

and

f

v

≠
g

v

for at least one

v
∈
V

G

. The fractional metric dimension (FMD) of

G

is denoted by

dim

f

G

and defined as

dim

f

G

=
min

g

:
g
 
is a minimal resolving function of 
G

, where

g

=

∑

v
∈
V

G

g

v

. If we take a pair of vertices

u
,
v

of

G

as an edge

e
=
u
v

of

G

, then it becomes local fractional metric dimension (LFMD)

dim

l
f

G

. In this paper, local fractional and fractional metric dimensions of

MOG

n

are computed for

n
≅
1

mod
2

in the terms of upper bounds. Moreover, it is obtained that metal organic is one of the graphs that has the same local and fractional metric dimension.
Detecting Home and Work Locations from Mobile Phone Cellular Signaling Data
Authors: Yang Yingkun , Xiong Chen , Zhuo Junfan , Cai Ming
Published: March 2021

Obtaining the distribution of home and work locations is essential for city planning, as it defines the structure and mobility pattern of a city. With the development of telecommunication networks, mobile network data, having the advantages of large coverage and strong followability, have produced large amounts of information about human activities. Thus, it has become a popular research subject for human position detection. In this study, we proposed a new method to detect home and work locations based on the extraction of focal points in traces, identifying an individual’s working and resting hours, and analyzing the characteristics of city grids using mobile phone cellular signaling data (CSD). At the individual level, we validated the algorithm on ground-truth volunteer data and achieved a small deviation of under 500 and 565 m for home and work location detection 85% of the time. At the aggregate level, we tested it on a city-wide anonymized CSD set and found a high Pearson correlation between our result and the census data of 0.93. Compared to existing studies, this study improved the granularity and location accuracy of home and work location detection, as well as validated the method using both individually labeled ground-truth data and aggregate data for the first time. Applying the algorithm in a city, we captured the population distribution, commuting patterns, and job-housing balance of the city and demonstrated the potential in using mobile network data for urban planning and policy formulation.
A Novel Human-Machine Collaboration Model of an Ankle Joint Rehabilitation Robot Driven by EEG Signals
Authors: Shi Min , Yang Chengyi , Zhang Dalu
Published: March 2021

With the emergence of the phenomenon of social aging, the elderly have frequent physical movement disorders. In particular, the movement disorder of the ankle joint seriously affects the daily life of the elderly. Rehabilitation robots are of great significance for improving the efficiency of rehabilitation, ensuring the quality of rehabilitation, and reducing the labor intensity of workers. As an auxiliary treatment tool, rehabilitation robots should have rich and effective motion modes. The exercise mode should be adaptable for patients with different conditions and different recovery periods. To improve the accuracy of human-computer interaction of ankle joint rehabilitation robots (AJRR), this study proposes a man-machine collaboration model of an EEG-driven AJRR. The model mainly expands from two levels (1) to establish the connection between EEG and intention so as to identify the intention. In the recognition process, first feature extraction is given on the preprocessed EEG. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is selected to extract the deep features of the EEG signal, and support vector machine (SVM) is used for classifying the deep features, thereby realizing intent recognition. (2) The result of intention recognition is input to the human-computer interaction (HCI) system, which controls the movement of the rehabilitation robot after receiving the instruction. This study truly realizes patient-oriented rehabilitation training. Experiments show that the human-machine collaboration model used can show higher accuracy of intention recognition, thereby increasing the satisfaction of using AJRR.
Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm in Power System Network Reconfiguration
Authors: Wu Yanmin , Song Qipeng
Published: March 2021

With the rapid development of the social economy, the rapid development of all social circles places higher demands on the electricity industry. As a fundamental industry supporting the salvation of the national economy, society, and human life, the electricity industry will face a significant improvement and the restructuring of the network as an important part of the power system should also be optimised. This paper first introduces the development history of swarm intelligence algorithm and related research work at home and abroad. Secondly, it puts forward the importance of particle swarm optimization algorithm for power system network reconfiguration and expounds the basic principle, essential characteristics, and basic model of the particle swarm optimization algorithm. This paper completes the work of improving PSO through the common improved methods of PSO and the introduction of mutation operation and tent mapping. In the experimental simulation part, the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to simulate the 10-machine 39-bus simulation system in IEEE, and the experimental data are compared with the chaos genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization discrete algorithm. Through the experimental data, we can know that the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm has the least number of actions in switching times, only 4 times, and the chaos genetic algorithm and discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm are 5 times; compared with the other two algorithms, the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm has the fastest convergence speed and the highest convergence accuracy. The improved particle swarm optimization algorithm proposed in this paper provides an excellent solution for power system network reconfiguration and has important research significance for power system subsequent optimization and particle swarm optimization algorithm improvement.
Endovascular Double‐Layer Bare Stent Placement in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Tan Wenle , Dou Shubin , Yang Jijin , Xiong Jiang , Zhang Xiquan , Duan Feng
Published: March 2021

Objective. To investigate the efficacy and safety of endovascular double‐layer bare stent placement for the treatment of traumatic false aneurysm (TFA). Methods. This is a retrospective review of five patients with TFA undergone double‐layer bare stent placement in our center between February 2011 and August 2020. There are 2 males and 3 females aged 29‐65 years, with an average age of 43 years. One case suffered from common carotid artery pseudoaneurysm, and four cases suffered superficial femoral artery pseudoaneurysm. Results. The endovascular interventional treatment was successful in all 5 patients, and the pseudoaneurysms disappeared after treatment. No TFA recurrence and no complications such as instent stenosis, stent migration, stent fracture, endoleak, and infection were observed during the 3‐99‐month follow‐up period. Conclusion. For the treatment of TFA, endovascular interventional therapy with double‐layer bare stent was minimally invasive, safe, and effective with fewer complications. It could preserve all branches of parent artery and had the advantage of lower cost. It can be used in the treatment of TFA in selected cases. However, further clinical researches with larger cohorts are needed before its long‐term efficacy can be completely clarified.
Acoustically Enriched Environment during the Critical Period of Postnatal Development Positively Modulates Gap Detection and Frequency Discrimination Abilities in Adult Rats
Authors: Pysanenko Kateryna , Rybalko Natalia , Bureš Zbyněk , Šuta Daniel , Lindovský Jiří , Syka Josef
Published: March 2021

Throughout life, sensory systems adapt to the sensory environment to provide optimal responses to relevant tasks. In the case of a developing system, sensory inputs induce changes that are permanent and detectable up to adulthood. Previously, we have shown that rearing rat pups in a complex acoustic environment (spectrally and temporally modulated sound) from postnatal day 14 (P14) to P28 permanently improves the response characteristics of neurons in the inferior colliculus and auditory cortex, influencing tonotopical arrangement, response thresholds and strength, and frequency selectivity, along with stochasticity and the reproducibility of neuronal spiking patterns. In this study, we used a set of behavioral tests based on a recording of the acoustic startle response (ASR) and its prepulse inhibition (PPI), with the aim to extend the evidence of the persistent beneficial effects of the developmental acoustical enrichment. The enriched animals were generally not more sensitive to startling sounds, and also, their PPI of ASR, induced by noise or pure tone pulses, was comparable to the controls. They did, however, exhibit a more pronounced PPI when the prepulse stimulus was represented either by a change in the frequency of a background tone or by a silent gap in background noise. The differences in the PPI of ASR between the enriched and control animals were significant at lower (55 dB SPL), but not at higher (65-75 dB SPL), intensities of background sound. Thus, rearing pups in the acoustically enriched environment led to an improvement of the frequency resolution and gap detection ability under more difficult testing conditions, i.e., with a worsened stimulus clarity. We confirmed, using behavioral tests, that an acoustically enriched environment during the critical period of development influences the frequency and temporal processing in the auditory system, and these changes persist until adulthood.
Bcl‐2 Is Involved in Cardiac Hypertrophy through PI3K‐Akt Pathway
Authors: Meng Xianwei , Cui Jun , He Guibin
Published: March 2021

Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is a common cause of sudden cardiac death and heart failure, resulting in a significant medical burden. The present study is aimed at exploring potential CH‐related pathways and the key downstream effectors. The gene expression profile of GSE129090 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO), and 1325 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 785 upregulated genes and 540 downregulated genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Reactome pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs were then performed. Although there were no pathways enriched by downregulated genes, many CH‐related pathways were identified by upregulated genes, including PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, extracellular matrix‐ (ECM‐) receptor interaction, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In the deeper analysis of PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, we found all the signaling transduction pointed to B cell lymphoma‐2‐ (Bcl‐2‐) mediated cell survival. We then demonstrated that PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway was indeed activated in cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, no matter LY294002, an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, or Venetoclax, a selective Bcl‐2 inhibitor, protected against cardiac hypertrophy. In conclusion, these data indicate that Bcl‐2 is involved in cardiac hypertrophy as a key downstream effector of PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for the clinical management of cardiac hypertrophy.
The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Combined with Virtual Reality Training on Oxidative Stress Indicators and Inflammatory Factors of Swimming Athletes Suffering from Depression
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Qi Bote , Xu Yuyuang , Jin Yan , Gao Binghong
Published: March 2021

This study was conducted to explore the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy combined with virtual reality (VR) training on oxidative stress indicators (OSIs) and inflammatory factors (IFs) in swimming athletes with depression. 88 swimming athletes suffering from depression were grouped into a control group (group C) and a research group (group R). The patients in group C were given HBO therapy, and the group R was given HBO therapy combined with VR training. The Physical Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) were adopted to assess the depression status of patients. The differences between the two groups of serum OSIs and IFs before and after the intervention were compared and analyzed. The results disclosed that the PHQ-9 score and SCL-90 score in group R were not different from those in group C before the intervention, but those in group R were greatly decreased in contrast to group C after the intervention (

P
<
0.05

). Before the intervention, there was no obvious difference in the OSIs and the IFs between the two groups. The levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the two groups were decreased greatly after intervention, and those in the group R were much lower than those in group C (

P
<
0.05

). Compared with the preintervention, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in both groups were reduced observably, and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were dramatically increased. The MDA in group R was much lower, while the SOD, NO, and GSH-Px were much higher in contrast to group C (

P
<
0.05

). It indicated that HBO combined with VR training had a good clinical effect for swimming athletes suffering from depression, and it could reduce the oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby helping patients recover quickly.
Edge Sensing‐Enabled Multistage Hierarchical Clustering Deredundancy Algorithm in WSNs
Authors: Zhu Rongbo , Yu Mai , Li Yuanli , Wang Jun , Liu Lu
Published: March 2021

Due to the defects caused by limited energy, storage capacity, and computing ability, the increasing amount of sensing data has become a challenge in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). To decrease the additional power consumption and extend the lifetime of a WSN, a multistage hierarchical clustering deredundancy algorithm is proposed. In the first stage, a dual‐metric distance is employed, and redundant nodes are preliminarily identified by the improved k‐means algorithm to obtain clusters of similar nodes. Then, a Gaussian hybrid clustering classification algorithm is presented to implement data similarity clustering for edge sensing data in the second stage. In the third stage, the clustered sensing data is randomly weighted to deduplicate the spatial correlation data. Detailed experimental results show that, compared with the existing schemes, the proposed deredundancy algorithm can achieve better performance in terms of redundant data ratio, energy consumption, and network lifetime.
Optimized Adaptive Neuro‐Fuzzy Inference System Using Metaheuristic Algorithms: Application of Shield Tunnelling Ground Surface Settlement Prediction
Authors: Liu Xinni , Hussein Sadaam Hadee , Ghazali Kamarul Hawari , Tung Tran Minh , Yaseen Zaher Mundher
Published: March 2021

Deformation of ground during tunnelling projects is one of the complex issues that is required to be monitored carefully to avoid the unexpected damages and human losses. Accurate prediction of ground settlement (GS) is a crucial concern for tunnelling problems, and the adequate predictive model can be a vital tool for tunnel designers to simulate the ground settlement accurately. This study proposes relatively new hybrid artificial intelligence (AI) models to predict the ground settlement of earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunnelling in the Bangkok MRTA project. The predictive models were various nature‐inspired frameworks, such as differential evolution (DE), particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), and ant colony optimizer (ACO) to tune the adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). To obtain the accurate and reliable results, the modeling procedure is established based on four different dataset scenarios including (i) preprocessed and normalized (PPN), (ii) preprocessed and nonnormalized (PPNN), (iii) non‐preprocessed and normalized (NPN), and (iv) non‐preprocessed and nonnormalized (NPNN) datasets. Results indicated that PPN dataset scenario significantly affected the prediction models in terms of their perdition accuracy. Among all the developed hybrid models, ANOFS‐PSO model achieved the best predictability performance. In quantitative terms, PPN‐ANFIS‐PSO model attained the least root mean square error value (RMSE) of 7.98 and a correlation coefficient value (CC) of 0.83. Overall, the attained results confirmed the superiority of the explored hybrid AI models as robust predictive model for ground settlement of earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunnelling.
Age‐Based Variations in the Gut Microbiome of the Shennongjia (Hubei) Golden Snub‐Nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana hubeiensis)
Authors: Yao Lijuan , Li Xiang , Zhou Zutao , Shi Deshi , Li Zili , Li Shangfei , Yao Hui , Yang Jingyuan , Yu Huiliang , Xiao Yuncai
Published: March 2021

The gut microbiota represents a source of genetic and metabolic diversity of a complex polymicrobial ecosystem within its host. To investigate age‐based variations of the gut microbiota among Shennongjia golden snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana hubeiensis), we characterized the microbial species in fecal samples from 18 Shennongjia golden snub‐nosed monkeys evenly pooled into 3 aged groups (Group 1, 1‐3 years; Group 2, 5‐8 years; Group 3, above 12 years) in Shennongjia, Hubei Province, China. Genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples, and the 16S rRNA gene V4 region was sequenced using the Illumina high‐throughput MiSeq platform PE250. A total of 28 microbial phyla were identified in the gut microbiome of these monkeys with the ten most abundant phyla (i.e., Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, Fibrobacteres, Cyanobacteria, and Euryarchaeota). A total of 1,469 (of 16 phyla and 166 genera), 1,381 (of 16 phyla and 157 genera), and 1,931 (of 19 phyla and 190 genera) operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were revealed in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with Group 3 containing the most diverse groups of OTUs as revealed by the species relative abundance clustering analysis. These results suggest that the gut microbiota in these monkeys maintain a dynamic status, starting from the early developmental stages of life with the species relative abundance increasing with age. This is the first study to comprehensively characterize the gut microbiota and provide valuable information for monitoring the health and nutritional needs of this endangered primate at different ages.
3D CNN with Visual Insights for Early Detection of Lung Cancer Using Gradient-Weighted Class Activation
Authors: Neal Joshua Eali Stephen , Bhattacharyya Debnath , Chakkravarthy Midhun , Byun Yung-Cheol
Published: March 2021

The 3D convolutional neural network is able to make use of the full nonlinear 3D context information of lung nodule detection from the DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) images, and the Gradient Class Activation has shown to be useful for tailoring classification tasks and localization interpretation for fine-grained features and visual explanation for the internal working. Gradient-weighted class activation plays a crucial role for clinicians and radiologists in terms of trusting and adopting the model. Practitioners not only rely on a model that can provide high precision but also really want to gain the respect of radiologists. So, in this paper, we explored the lung nodule classification using the improvised 3D AlexNet with lightweight architecture. Our network employed the full nature of the multiview network strategy. We have conducted the binary classification (benign and malignant) on computed tomography (CT) images from the LUNA 16 database conglomerate and database image resource initiative. The results obtained are through the 10-fold cross-validation. Experimental results have shown that the proposed lightweight architecture achieved a superior classification accuracy of 97.17% on LUNA 16 dataset when compared with existing classification algorithms and low-dose CT scan images as well.
Exploring the Classification and Restructuring of Chemical Industrial Cities in China: The Perspectives of Sectoral and Spatial Differences
Authors: Zou Hui , Duan Xuejun , Wang Lei , Jin Tingting
Published: March 2021

As an economic pillar, major resource consumer, and polluter of cities, the chemical industry determines many cities’ transformation, prosperity, and decay. It is thus a major concern for achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. In China, which is at the stage of accelerated industrialization that is varied across regions, the chemical industry has gradually retreated from developed cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai, in the eastern region, and has become the inevitable choice for industrialization of less‐developed cities, such as Xi’an, Chengdu, and Chongqing, in the western region. This study took the perspectives of chemical industrial sectors and their spatial differences to understand the changing patterns of the chemical industry and its dominant cities. It identified chemical industrial cities (CICs), examined their spatial‐temporal patterns with respect to their industry scale and structure, and accounted for factors influencing the spatial evolution from coastal areas to inland regions. The results show that large CICs were mainly located in coastal port regions with balanced industrial sectors, while small CICs were mainly distributed in inland areas with abundant oil and coal resources and a single dominant industrial sector. The location factors of ports, markets, and technology play important roles in the eastern region, while resource conditions and foreign direct investment promote the chemical industry’s development in the central, western, and northeastern cities. These findings improve the understanding of CICs’ spatial transformation and shed light on the policy‐making of chemical industrial development in China and other developing countries.
Fad Diets, Body Image, Nutritional Status, and Nutritional Adequacy of Female Models in Malang City
Authors: Vidianinggar Mutiara , Mahmudiono Trias. , Atmaka Dominikus
Published: March 2021

Female model has a variety of body image and experiences social pressure to have low weight. Thus, there is a desire to lose weight with a variety of efforts, such as fad diets. This type of diet can lead to insufficient intake of nutrients in the body and increase the risk of health problems in the long run. The research aimed to analyze fad diets, nutritional status, and nutritional adequacy of female models in Malang. The research design was cross-sectional in 52 female models aged 18–25 years who were selected by simple random sampling. The data of fad diets used in the questionnaire, nutritional status data using the calculation of the last body weight and height, and nutritional adequacy were measured using 2 × 24 hour food recall. Data analysis used the chi-square test. The results of this research showed that most respondents implement fad diets (69%), had negative body image (62%), had a skinny at high level (22%), skinny at mild level (44%), and normal (33%) of nutritional status, and had inadequate nutritional adequacy (77%). There was a significant (

p
=
0.023

) correlation between fad diets and nutritional adequacy (r = 0.369), and in addition, there was a significant correlation (

p
=
0.041

) between nutritional status and nutritional adequacy (r = 0.35). It is concluded that the female models who implemented fad diets and nutritional status below normal tended to not have adequate levels of nutritional adequacy because of improper food selection and psychological factors. Female models are expected to be able to conduct weight loss with the assistance of a nutritionist or in accordance with balanced nutrition guidelines.
Abstract P38: An examination of COVID-19-related preventive behaviors by cancer status
Authors: Miller Carrie A. , Guidry Jeanine P.D. , Fuemmeler Bernard F.
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To determine patterns of and factors associated with COVID-19-related preventive behaviors practiced by cancer survivors. Methods: Participants (N=897) were recruited through a commercial survey administration and sampling company, Qualtrics, in June 2020. Quota sampling was utilized to ensure the sample would consist of approximately one-third of cancer patients currently in treatment, one-third of cancer survivors not currently in treatment, and one-third of individuals without a history of cancer. Survey items collected information on socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, race, and education attainment) and COVID-19-related preventive behaviors in the past week. Eight items focused on handwashing, avoiding contact with sick people, staying home when feeling sick, respiratory hygiene, avoiding touching face, social distancing, avoiding large gatherings, and wearing a mask were reported on a 4-point Likert scale (never to frequently). Differences between groups were assessed using one-way ANOVAs with Tukey post hoc tests. Results: Respondents were 49.6 years (SD=17.3) on average, 51.6% female, and 48.9% had a Bachelor’s degree or higher education attainment. Most respondents were White (66.7%), with 16.8% Black and 16.5% Hispanic participants. Those with no history of cancer were more likely to avoid someone ill (p<.01) and stay home when sick (p<.001) than cancer survivors not currently in treatment. However, survivors were less likely to stay home when sick than cancer patients in treatment (p=001) and less likely to avoid touching their face (p<.05) than those with no cancer history. Analyses are ongoing and will explore factors related to COVID-19 preventive behaviors within each group. Conclusions: There are differences in COVID-19-related preventive behaviors by cancer status. Future research should examine the factors underlying these differences and adapt prevention efforts using this information.

Citation Format: Carrie A. Miller, Jeanine P.D. Guidry, Bernard F. Fuemmeler. An examination of COVID-19-related preventive behaviors by cancer status [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2021 Feb 3-5. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(6_Suppl):Abstract nr P38.
Abstract S03-04: Spatial profiling of lung SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infection identifies virus specific host responses and gene signatures
Authors: Kulasinghe Arutha
Published: March 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged in late 2019 has spread globally, causing a pandemic of respiratory illness designated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Robust blood biomarkers that reflect tissue damage are urgently needed to better stratify and triage infected patients. Here, we use spatial transcriptomics to generate an in-depth picture of the pulmonary transcriptional landscape of COVID-19 (10 patients), pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza (5) and uninfected control patients (4). Host transcriptomics showed a significant upregulation of genes associated with inflammation, type I interferon production, coagulation and angiogenesis in the lungs of COVID-19 patients compared to non-infected controls. SARS-CoV-2 was non-uniformly distributed in lungs with few areas of high viral load and these were largely only associated with an increased type I interferon response. A very limited number of genes were differentially expressed between the lungs of influenza and COVID-19 patients. Specific interferon-associated genes (including IFI27) were identified as candidate novel biomarkers for COVID-19 differentiating this COVID-19 from influenza. Collectively, these data demonstrate that spatial transcriptomics is a powerful tool to identify novel gene signatures within tissues, offering new insights into the pathogenesis of SARS-COV-2 to aid in patient triage and treatment.

Citation Format: Arutha Kulasinghe. Spatial profiling of lung SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infection identifies virus specific host responses and gene signatures [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2021 Feb 3-5. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(6_Suppl):Abstract nr S03-04.
Paradigms on Immunotherapy Combinations with Chemotherapy
Authors: Salas-Benito Diego , Pérez-Gracia José L. , Ponz-Sarvisé Mariano , Rodriguez-Ruiz María E. , Martínez-Forero Iván , Castañón Eduardo , López-Picazo José M. , Sanmamed Miguel F. , Melero Ignacio
Published: March 2021

Checkpoint inhibitors are being added to standard-of-care chemotherapy in multiple clinical trials. Success has been reported in non–small and small cell lung carcinomas and urothelial, head and neck, gastric, and esophageal cancers, and promising results are already available in triple-negative breast and pancreatic malignancies. The potential mechanisms of synergy include immunogenic tumor cell death, antiangiogenesis, selective depletion of myeloid immunosuppressive cells, and lymphopenia, which reduces regulatory T cells and makes room for proliferation of effector T cells. However, chemotherapy regimens have not been optimized for such combinations, perhaps explaining some recent clinical trial disappointments. Approaches to make the most of chemoimmunotherapy include neoadjuvant and adjuvant schemes.

Significance: Immunotherapy of cancer based on PD-1/PD-L1 blockade has prompted a revolution in cancer clinical management. Evidence in phase III clinical trials already supports combinations of immunotherapy with standard-of-care chemotherapy for a number of malignant diseases. This review focuses on such evidence and provides an overview of the potential synergistic mechanisms of action and the opportunities to optimize chemoimmunotherapy regimens.
Successful Treatment of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma with the Application of a High-Dose Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Boost
Authors: Polanowski Paweł , Księżniak-Baran Dorota , Grządziel Aleksandra , Pietruszka Agnieszka , Chmielik Ewa , Pilecki Bolesław , Amrogowicz Natalia , Gajda Karolina , Składowski Krzysztof
Published: March 2021

Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) should be treated with a surgical procedure. Unfortunately, in some cases, such procedures are impossible to perform. In that event, radiotherapy can be used as a form of radical treatment, although ACC is established as a radio- and chemoresistant tumour. Therefore, unconventional fractionated radiotherapy needs to be considered. Case presentation: Here, we present a case study of a patient with an unresectable tumour of the choanae and nasopharynx treated with a stereotactic radiotherapy boost in combination with conventional radiotherapy. We achieved complete clinical regression after application of a 1 × 18 Gy boost followed by conventional radiotherapy at 50 Gy in 25 fractions. The early and late tolerance of this treatment were positive. During the 2-year follow-up, local and distant recurrence were not detected. Conclusions: This case represents an individualized, modern and safe approach to unresectable ACC. This is one of the first cases to show the use of a combination of stereotactic and conventional radiotherapy in radical, conservative cancer treatment.
Präklinische Untersuchungen von Wechselwirkungen zwischen Mistel und Radio- oder Chemotherapie auf pädiatrische Tumorzellen
Authors: Menke Katrin , Schwermer Melanie , Schramm Alexander , Zuzak Tycho Jan
Published: March 2021

Hintergrund: Mistelanwendungen werden als komplementäre Therapien häufig in der pädiatrischen Onkologie zusammen mit einer Radio- oder Chemotherapie verabreicht. Wechselwirkungen bei simultaner Applikation sind gerade in der Pädiatrie von großer Bedeutung, sie sind allerdings nach wie vor unzureichend untersucht. Material und Methoden: Zytotoxische Effekte des Mistelextraktes abnobaVISCUM Fraxini (aVF) auf LAN-1 Neuroblastomzellen und deren Etoposid- bzw. Cisplatin-resistente Subzelllinien wurden mittels Viabilitätstest untersucht, sowie mögliche Synergieeffekte zwischen aVF und den Chemotherapeutika durch die Softwareprodukte Combenefit und CompuSyn analysiert. Effekte einer Kombinationstherapie aus aVF und Bestrahlung auf SH-SY5Y Zellen wurden mittels Koloniebildungstest untersucht und Auswirkungen auf die Reparatureffizienz strahleninduzierter Doppelstrangbrüche mit Hilfe durchflusszytometrischer Quantifizierungen von γ-H2AX-Foci nach PI/FITC Doppelfärbung analysiert. Ergebnisse: Die Chemotherapie-resistenten LAN-1 Subzelllinien erwiesen sich als resistenter gegenüber der Mistelbehandlung als die Ursprungszelllinie. Auf Basis vier verschiedener Referenz­modelle konnten vor allem synergistisch/additive Effekte zwischen aVF und den Zytostatika Etoposid und Cisplatin berechnet werden. Die Kombination aus Mistelbehandlung und Bestrahlung führte zu einer Verringerung der Koloniebildung und zu einer Verzögerung der Reparaturgeschwindigkeit von strahleninduzierten Doppelstrangbrüchen. Schlussfolgerung: Die präklinischen Daten könnten darauf hinweisen, dass die Verwendung des Mistelextraktes, aVF, eine unterstützende Wirkung auf Radio- und Chemotherapien hat.
O processo de ocupação urbana e o sistema de espaços livres na constituição da forma urbana contemporânea de uma cidade de médio porte gaúcha
Authors: Basso Laura Campagna , Ribeiro Lauro André , Cardoso Grace Tibério
Published: March 2021

Nas últimas décadas, as cidades brasileiras de porte médio têm conquistado uma maior importância e se consolidado. Passo Fundo se enquadra neste cenário nacional, sendo atualmente reconhecida como uma cidade de médio porte e se apresentando como um importante centro regional do Rio Grande do Sul. Por isso, este artigo tem como objetivo principal apresentar a interface entre a ocupação urbana e o sistema de espaços livres intraquadra da cidade de Passo Fundo/RS, desenvolvendo seus aspectos metodológicos por meio de geoprocessamento e fotointerpretação de imagens.
A identificação de elementos intangíveis em paisagens não tão notáveis: o caso do calçadão da rua Cardoso Vieira em Campina Grande / PB
Authors: Dantas Hugo Stefano Monteiro , Anjos Kainara Lira dos
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo busca entender como os elementos intangíveis de paisagens não tão notáveis, aquelas que não possuem atributos excepcionais, podem ser elencados e utilizados como ferramentas para a conservação não apenas de tais paisagens, mas também da memória urbana local. Para isso, o Calçadão da rua Cardoso Vieira, localizado em Campina Grande/PB, foi escolhido como objeto empírico do estudo. A partir de autores como Ziayee (2018), Gehl Institute (2018) e Strauss e Corbin (2008), foi realizado um recorte dos elementos a serem elencados no local e algumas etapas metodológicas foram levantas para a operacionalização de tais teorias: pesquisa documental, visitas in loco, aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas e aplicação de um método etnográfico observacional. A partir dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que nas paisagens não tão notáveis os elementos intangíveis possuem valores que, embora não sejam universais, são de grande importância para a escala de seus usuários,  aumentando assim, o nível de pertencimento e da conexão dos mesmos com o local. Dessa forma, torna-se claro que os elementos intangíveis de paisagens não tão notáveis devem receber a atenção adequada para a devida conservação da paisagem, igualmente como da memória e da história do local.
Integridade ecológica de propriedades agrícolas de produtores orgânicos na região do Vale do Paraíba Paulista
Authors: Rocha Maysa Araujo , Massi Klécia Gili , Mendes Tatiana Sussel Gonçalves
Published: March 2021

A agricultura e a pecuária têm sido os principais motores do desmatamento nos biomas brasileiros, incluindo a Mata Atlântica, onde restam apenas cerca de 12% de sua área original. A retirada da vegetação nativa impacta na manutenção da biodiversidade local e nos serviços ecossistêmicos. Dessa forma, a agroecologia propõe a conciliação entre a conservação da biodiversidade, a manutenção da produtividade e a capacidade do ecossistema de se autossustentarem. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a integridade ecológica de sete propriedades agroecológicas na região do Vale do Paraíba Paulista, por meio de indicadores de duas categorias (fatores e atributos ecológicos), cujos resultados indicaram estarem em boas condições de integridade. Os aceiros e a restauração florestal de áreas sem cobertura vegetal podem contribuir ainda mais para a conservação das propriedades.