bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelatihan Pembuatan Video Pembelajaran Interaktif dengan Memaksimalkan PowerPoint bagi Guru SDN Kemayoran 1 Bangkalan
Authors: Retnawati Lestari , Saurina Nia , Pratama Firman Hadi Sukma , Karyanto Nonot Wisnu , Prasetiya Noven Indra
Published: June 2023

Pendidikan sekolah dasar merupakan.bagian dari sistem pendidikan nasional yang mempunyai peranan sangat penting dalam menggali dan meningkatkan potensi anak sedini mungkin, termasuk di SDN Kemayoran 1 Bangkalan. Sekolah dasar merupakan lembaga pendidikan yang diperuntukkan bagi anak usia 6–12 tahun agar anak memiliki kemampuan dasar, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan sebagai tahap awal untuk melanjutkan ke jenjang pendidikan selanjutnya. Karena peranan penting ini, kemampuan guru Sekolah Dasar Negeri (SDN) Kemayoran 1 Bangkalan dalam membuat sebuah media pembelajaran yang menarik minat siswa menjadi kunci dalam keberhasilan proses belajar mengajar dalam sekolah ini.  Karakter siswa SDN Kemayoran 1 Bangkalan yang masih senang bermain merupakan tantangan bagi para guru. Dengan demikian, dibutuhkan kreativitas dalam membuat media pembelajaran yang menarik minat siswa sekolah dasar untuk memperhatikan. Ketika guru sekolah dasar hanya menulis di papan tulis atau menampilkan slide presentasi dengan banyak tulisan, hal tersebut bisa membuat tujuan pembelajaran dari sebuah materi tidak tersampaikan dengan baik. Oleh karena itu, seorang guru sekolah dasar membutuhkan tambahan pengetahuan untuk membuat media pembelajaran yang menarik dan interaktif. Media pembelajaran berbentuk video dengan memaksimalkan PowerPoint bisa menjadi solusi untuk membuat media pembelajaran yang menarik bagi siswa sekolah dasar di SDN Kemayoran 1 Bangkalan. Melalui pelatihan pembuatan video pembelajaran interaktif dengan memaksimalkan PowerPoint ini diharapkan para guru di SDN Kemayoran 1 Bangkalan dapat menambah ilmu pengetahuan dalam memaksimalkan PowerPoint sehingga proses belajar mengajar bisa dilakukan dengan efektif.
The King of the Blues: First-Hand Religious Experience at Sing Sing Prison
Authors: O’Neill Rory
Published: June 2023

William James’s category of “first-hand religion” allows us to arrive at the religious from an internal and individual perspective, including in those activities and phenomena usually considered secular. B. B. King’s 1972 performance at Sing Sing Prison, documented by David Hoffman, brings both the prisoner audience and the performers to an “additional dimension” distinct from the hollowness of everyday (prison) life. In addition, the presence of this intense experience on the YouTube platform creates a fluid community of second-order observers, bound not by any overarching belief but by observation of the experience itself. King’s performance is in the genre of blues music, which, in turn, has associations with African religious traditions. While the study of diverse religious traditions helps inform our understanding of the kinds of activities that might constitute the religious, this study takes individual experience as primary rather than as a manifestation of a particular tradition.
ESKİ ANADOLU TÜRKÇESİNDE SADECE ISSI “SICAK” MI VARDI?
Authors: SALAN Erkan
Published: June 2023

Eldeki verilere göre bugünkü Türkiye Türkçesinin dayandığı ve Oğuz lehçesinin yazı dili hâline geldiği ilk tarihî dönem Eski Anadolu Türkçesidir. Eski Anadolu Türkçesi sahip olduğu dil zenginliğiyle hem Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarının hem de standart Türkiye Türkçesinin oluşup gelişmesinde son derece önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu bakımdan söz konusu dönem, geçmişten bugüne pek çok dil incelemesinin konusu olmuş ve olmaya da devam etmektedir. Buna karşılık gerek söz dizimi ve söz varlığı gerek ses ve biçim bilgisi gerekse yazım özellikleri bakımından çözüme muhtaç pek çok sorunun hâlâ güncelliğini koruyor olması yeni bilimsel çalışmaları da gerekli kılmaktadır.
Eski Anadolu Türkçesi üzerine yapılan bilimsel çalışmalarda, “sıcak” anlamıyla kullanılmış olan issi ve ıssı şeklinde iki sözcük göze çarpmaktadır. Tarama Sözlüğü’ne ve pek çok bilimsel çalışmaya göre sadece ıssı; bazı bilimsel çalışmalara göreyse sadece issi vardır. Hatta sözcüğün ıssı olduğu yönündeki yaygın kabul, bazı metin yayımlarında sözcük ince ünsüzlü (+lik) ek almasına rağmen dönemin diline aykırı olarak ıssılık / ıssılik şeklinde okumaların da ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Ancak bahsedilen dönemde yazılan eserlerin geneli dikkate alındığında aynı kökten gelen issi ve ıssı şeklinde iki farklı biçimin kullanıldığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu duruma bağlı olarak hazırlanmış olan çalışmada, issi ve ıssı biçimlerinin varlığı ortaya konulmuş; burada asli ve yaygın biçimin issi olduğuna ve ıssı biçiminin ise sonradan sınırlı çevreye özgü birtakım ağızlarda farklı söyleyiş biçimi olarak ortaya çıkmış olabileceğine dikkat çekilmiştir. Bu sayede issi ve ıssı sözcükleri, hem yapılacak olan metin okumalarında hem de söz varlığı incelemelerinde daha sağlıklı değerlendirilmiş olacaktır.
LEVENSHTEIN UZAKLIK ÖLÇEĞİNE GÖRE ÇAĞDAŞ TÜRK YAZI DİLLERİNİN FONETİK UZAKLIĞI
Authors: SAĞLAM Bilgit , ÖZEK Fatih
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Oğuz grubu yazı dillerinin birbirlerine karşı fonetik uzaklıklarını tespit etmektir. Çalışmada fonetik uzaklıkların tespiti için bilgisayarlı dil bilim alanında sıkça kullanılan niceliksel ölçüm tekniklerinden Levenshtein uzaklık algoritması kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın Türkiye’deki lehçe bilim araştırmalarında kullanılabilecek bir yöntemi tanıtarak ilgili alanda yeni değerlendirmelerin yapılması adına katkı sunması hedeflenmektedir.

Vladimir Levenshtein tarafından geliştirilen ve birçok alanda kullanılan Levenshtein uzaklık algoritması, bir sözcük dizisini diğerine dönüştürürken kullanılabilecek ekleme, çıkarma ve yer değiştirme işlemlerinden matematiksel olarak en az işlem gerektiren sayısal değeri tespit etmede kullanılan bir algoritmadır. Levenshtein uzaklık algoritması, lehçe bilim çalışmalarında ilk olarak Brett Kessler tarafından kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmadaki ilk denemenin başarılı olmasının ardından birçok lehçe bilimcinin algoritmaya ilgisi artmış, aynı yöntemle birçok dil değişkesinin fonetik uzaklığını ele alan çalışmalar yapılmıştır.

Bu çalışmada Türkiye Türkçesi, Azerbaycan Türkçesi, Türkmen Türkçesinin birbirlerine fonetik uzaklığı Levenshtein uzaklık algoritması ile ölçülecektir. Çalışmanın genellenebilir sonuçlar vermesi adına Türkçe Sıklık Sözlüğü’ne göre en sık kullanılan 40 fiil ve 13 tematik başlıktan (hayvan, beden, yiyecek, giyim, ulaşım, aile, madde, zaman, spor, tabiat, hava, meslek ve renk) 216 adet isim olmak üzere toplam 256 Türkçe madde başı sözcük belirlenmiştir. Sözcükler hedef dillere ana dili konuşurları tarafından tercüme edilmiştir. Sözcükler, ana dili konuşurlarına seslettirilmiş ve sözcük telaffuzları uluslararası fonetik alfabeye aktarılmıştır. Kaynak dilden her sözcük ile hedef dildeki karşılığı LUA ile hesaplanarak sözcüklerin fonetik uzaklıkları tespit edilmişir. Örnek setindeki tüm sözcük çiftlerine bu işlem uygulandıktan sonra hesaplanan ortalama değer temel alınarak Oğuz grubu Türk yazı dillerinin birbirlerine olan ortalama fonetik uzaklığı hesaplanmıştır.
Studi Awal Teknik Perekaman Citra pada Perangkat Medis untuk Efisiensi Distribusi Citra Medis
Authors: Widodo Bernardinus Sri , Jiwatami Agatha Mahardika Anugrayuning
Published: June 2023

Pencitraan medis merupakan salah satu metode yang banyak digunakan untuk memberikan informasi fisis bagian dalam tubuh untuk proses diagnosis maupun terapi. Penelitian ini merupakan studi awal untuk mencari teknologi tepat guna untuk merekam hasil pencitraan medis baik dalam bentuk foto maupun video sehingga siap didistribusikan untuk menunjang proses telemedisin. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan studi literatur mengenai peralatan-peralatan yang mungkin digunakan untuk proses screen capture, dilanjutkan dengan membuat prototipe alat untuk digunakan sebagai bahan FGD. Pada proses FGD dilakukan diskusi dengan dokter spesialis radiologi dan kansungan, perawat dan teknisi untuk mengetahui dampak dari alat ini. Hasilnya didapat bahwa ada kemungkinan dilakukan distribusi citra medis menggunakan teknik screen capture. Penelitian ini merupakan langkah awal bagi pengembangan distribusi citra medis.
Reka Cıpta Mesın Sortır Warna Benda Menggunakan Kamera PIXY2 CMUCAM5
Authors: Effendi Sukma Meganova , Jiwatami Agatha Mahardika Anugrayuning , Wicaksono Nugroho Budi
Published: June 2023

Media pembelajaran merupakan sarana yang penting dalam proses pembelajaran. Sistem Mekatronika yang memiliki rangkaian dan pengendali yang kompleks tidak mudah dipahami oleh Mahasiswa Tingkat 1 dan 2. Untuk itu, penelitian yang menerapkan metode research & development Sugiyono ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan mesin sortir yang mudah digunakan dan dipelajari. Sensor kamera Pixy2 CMUcam5 digunakan untuk pendeteksian warna benda. Rangkaian pengendali yang digunakan adalah rangkaian Karnaugh Map menggunakan IC Digital (NOT-AND-OR) dan Arduino Uno. Kombinasi warna benda yang diproses dalam rangkaian pengendali Karnaugh Map adalah pensortiran 1 warna benda (Merah-R atau Hijau-G atau Biru-B), 2 warna benda (R&G atau R&B atau G&B), dan 3 warna benda (R&G&B). Mesin sortir yang dihasilkan dapat dioperasikan dengan mudah, diprogram ulang baik untuk pendeteksian warna benda maupun pengendalian motor DC dan motor servo, dan dirangkai ulang untuk rangkaian Karnaugh Map. Tahap validasi penelitian ini menghasilkan perbaikan pada desain meja putar awal yang diperbaiki dengan mekanisme timing belt untuk menstabilkan putaran meja putar. Cahaya di dalam maupun di luar ruangan tidak mempengaruhi sistem karena kamera Pixy2 memiliki lampu internal sehingga warna benda dideteksi dengan baik. Hasil pensortiran dengan desain meja putar akhir memiliki performa yang baik dengan rata-rata keberhasilan sebesar 97,96% dan kesalahan standar sebesar 0,58.
Rancang Bangun Alat Parut Modifikasi sebagai Teknologi Tepat Guna
Authors: Gumay Ovilia Putri utami , Afan Reno Ali
Published: June 2023

Daging buah kelapa merupakan salah satu jenis bahan baku yang paling sering digunakan indutri kecil catering makanan, dimana kelapa proses pengolahannya dilakukan dengan cara diparut. Proses pemarutan kelapa cukup dilakukan dengan manual dengan papan parut sederhana jika berjumlah sedikit, untuk menghasilkan parutan bagus, kecepatan parutan manual yang dibutuhkan kurang lebih 3000 gerakan parut setiap jam. Alat pemarut kelapa adalah salah satu produk alat untuk kebutuhan rumah tangga yang berfungsi sebagai alat untuk menghancurkan buah kelapa menjadi butiran-butiran kecil, dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh santan yang terkandung di daging buah kelapa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang teknologi tepat guna berupa alat parut kelapa modifikasi skala menengah yang lebih ergonomis. Dari hasil pengujian yang diperoleh semakin tinggi kecepatan putar silinder atau kecepatan potong pisau parut maka semakin tinggi kapasitas pemarutan.  Hal ini disebabkan karena semakin cepat kecepatan potong pisau parut maka siklus atau frekuensi pemarutan berlangsung lebih cepat.
Desain Physics Brain: Aplikasi Pembelajaran Kinematika Gerak untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Dan Literasi Sains Siswa SMA
Authors: Hidayati Annisa Khoirul , Listyowati Najla Adristi , Setiaji Bayu
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan aplikasi Physics Brain media pembelajaran berbasis android untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan literasi sains dalam pembelajaran fisika yang dikembangkan. Aplikasi Physics Brain berisi materi, contoh soal, kuis yang dikemas semenarik mungkin. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Penelitian pengembangan model ADDIE yang dilakukan hanya Analysis, Design, Development, dan Evaluation. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik anasis skala likert. Hasil peneletian menunjukkan bahwa validator praktisidan responden menyatakan desain media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan memperoleh nilai persentase keseluruhan 85% dan termasuk dalam kategori sangat layak, sehingga aplikasi Physics Brain dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran.
Pemanfaatan Tangki Riak Untuk Mengukur Kecepatan Rambat Gelombang Permukaan Air
Authors: Rosyidah Taj , Prima Eka Cahya , Riandi Riandi
Published: June 2023

The study intends to investigate the relationship between wavelength and frequency to calculate the speed of propagating waves on the water's surface. The researchers used a ripple tank to collect data by recording the pendulum's movement as well as the image of the ripples on the water's surface. The data is then analyzed with the Tracker application. The wavelength is determined by analyzing the recorded ripple shadows with the Tracker application. The Tracker application is used to analyze the recorded pendulum movement to obtain data on the period of vibration and calculate the frequency of the vibrations. The average surface wave velocity at a pendulum length of 10 cm is 3.38 10-2 m/s. In addition, for a 30 cm pendulum length, an average surface wave speed of 3.26 10-2 m/s is obtained.
CONHECIMENTO DE ACADÊMICOS DE FISIOTERAPIA SOBRE O CONSUMO DE NARGUILÉ
Authors: Pires Julia Magalhães , De Morais Elizabeth Rodrigues , Nascimento Leonardo Lopes , De Oliveira Valéria Rodrigues Costa
Published: June 2023

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento de acadêmicos de Fisioterapia sobre os efeitos do narguilé, relacionar o nível de conhecimento com o perfil sociodemográfico e com o período cursado. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal e analítico, realizado com 153 alunos de uma universidade privada de Goiás. Os instrumentos empregados foram um formulário com dados sociodemográficos e um questionário com 20 questões objetivas, sendo 18 sobre os efeitos do narguilé na saúde, e 2 sobre o papel do profissional da saúde no controle ao tabagismo. RESULTADOS: O conhecimento foi alto nas questões relacionadas ao prejuízo do hábito de fumar narguilé na saúde, às doenças pulmonares causadas pelos agentes tóxicos e às doenças infecciosas transmitidas pelo bocal. Em relação aos níveis de alcatrão e nicotina, e a influência do uso contínuo do narguilé no desenvolvimento de Diabetes Mellitus e infertilidade o conhecimento foi baixo. A maioria reconhece a importância do papel do profissional da saúde no controle do tabagismo.  A média de acertos dos acadêmicos com companheiros e daqueles com renda mensal familiar de até 4 salários-mínimos foi significativamente maior (p = 0,01), enquanto o período cursado não interferiu nos resultados. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudantes apresentam baixo conhecimento sobre os efeitos do narguilé em relação a questões relevantes, o que desperta a necessidade de rever os conteúdos programáticos e os objetivos pedagógicos das disciplinas afins, a fim de melhor preparar o aluno para desempenhar efetivamente seu papel no controle do tabagismo.

Palavras-chave: Fisioterapia. Cachimbo de água. Estudantes. Tabagismo.
Perfil de pacientes com comprometimento pulmonar causado pelo coronavírus que demandaram o uso de ventilação mecânica não invasiva
Authors: Valverde Thalita Mariano , Ribeiro Thaís Gontijo , Prado Aline Dos Santos , Nogueira de Lima Milene Soares
Published: June 2023

Introdução: em março de 2020, a OMS declarou oficialmente o surto de COVID-19 como uma pandemia. Geralmente, os pulmões são um dos primeiros órgãos a serem afetados e a VNI tem o papel importante no manejo de insuficiência respiratória de várias patologias, e também pode ser uma estratégia no tratamento das complicações relacionadas à infecção por COVID-19. Objetivo: analisar o perfil dos pacientes internados com COVID-19, assim como as indicações do uso da VNI. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo observacional retrospectivo, com análise de prontuários de julho de 2020 a dezembro de 2021 de um hospital público terciário do Distrito Federal. A amostra foi composta de sessenta e cinco pacientes, constituída majoritariamente por indivíduos do sexo masculino (60%) com média de idade de 64 ± 14 anos. Resultados: no atual estudo, a Insuficiência Respiratória Aguda (IRpA) foi a indicação mais frequente para a utilização de VNI, e também podemos observar que, a falha no uso da VNI foi associada à persistência do quadro respiratório grave, sendo relacionada ao maior tempo de internação na UTI e permanência hospitalar. Conclusão:a VNI contribuiu como intervenção no tratamento para IRpA na COVID-19 e a maior ocorrência de insucesso pode ser justificada pela gravidade dos pacientes e também a presença de comorbidades e variabilidade nas indicações da VNI. Sendo que os pacientes que obtiveram sucesso no uso de VNI não necessitaram de intubação, tiveram o tempo de internação reduzido e menor mortalidade.
Introduction
Authors: Podda Emanuele , López Ignacio Alejandro
Published: June 2023

This special issue features articles based on contributions to the international workshop “The Circulation of State Models and Institutional Designs between Europe and Latin America—Transatlantic Perspectives on Political and Legal History in the Twentieth Century,” which was held virtually on 26 May 2022. The event was co-organized by the research group Modernity and Society 1800–2000 at the History Department, KU Leuven, and the School of Law and the School of Modern Languages and Cultures, University of Warwick. The initiative was also sponsored by the Instituto de Investigaciones de Historia del Derecho (INHIDE), a prestigious legal history research center based in Buenos Aires. We acknowledge the important assistance of Martin Kohlrausch and Magaly Rodriguez Garcia (KU Leuven), Ingrid de Smet (University of Warwick), and Ezequiel Abásolo and Viviana Kluger (INHIDE) in the final settlement of that event. The event was attended by prestigious legal scholars: Carlos Herrera (CY Cergy Paris Université), Peter Heyrman (KU Leuven), Elisa Speckman (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), Eduardo Zimmermann (Universidad San Andrés), and Werner Thomas (KU Leuven). Several exponents from diverse institutions in Europe and Latin America also participated as contributors in a rich interdisciplinary dialogue between legal history and political history: Zakia Mestari (University of Toulouse), Luciano Aronne de Abreu (Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul), María Angélica Corva (Universidad Católica Argentina), Ana Brisa Oropeza Chávez (Universidad de Anahuac-Veracruz), Janne Schreurs (KU Leuven), Agustín Parise (Maastricht University), María Rosario Polotto (Universidad Católica Argentina), Pamela Cacciavillani (Universidad de Monterrey), and Horacio García Bossio (Universidad Católica Argentina) attended the meeting.
Reflections on the Circulation of Normative Models and Legal Works in the 1936 Argentine Civil Code Draft on Possession
Authors: Polotto María Rosario , Cacciavillani Pamela Alejandra
Published: June 2023

This article explores the process of circulation of normative models and legal theories between Europe and Latin America. It analyzes the circulation of the German possessory model in the Argentinian legal experience between the enactment of the Civil Code of 1869 and the Civil Code Draft of 1936. We argue that the prominence of possession in nineteenth-century local legal culture and practices both conditioned and encouraged the reception of this model. The criticisms that arose at the beginning of the twentieth century regarding the liberal property law of the Civil Code were channelled, in the Civil Code Draft of 1936, through an expansion of the protection of possession to situations not previously contemplated, such as rural and urban leaseholds. German law, which served among other things, as the basis for this legal innovation, was adapted to specific legal traditions operating in provincial regulations.
Developing nonlinear k-nearest neighbors classification algorithms to identify patients at high risk of increased length of hospital stay following spine surgery
Authors: Shahrestani Shane , Chan Andrew K. , Bisson Erica F. , Bydon Mohamad , Glassman Steven D. , Foley Kevin T. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Potts Eric A. , Shaffrey Mark E. , Coric Domagoj , Knightly John J. , Park Paul , Wang Michael Y. , Fu Kai-Ming , Slotkin Jonathan R. , Asher Anthony L. , Virk Michael S. , Michalopoulos Giorgos D. , Guan Jian , Haid Regis W. , Agarwal Nitin , Chou Dean , Mummaneni Praveen V.
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

Spondylolisthesis is a common operative disease in the United States, but robust predictive models for patient outcomes remain limited. The development of models that accurately predict postoperative outcomes would be useful to help identify patients at risk of complicated postoperative courses and determine appropriate healthcare and resource utilization for patients. As such, the purpose of this study was to develop k-nearest neighbors (KNN) classification algorithms to identify patients at increased risk for extended hospital length of stay (LOS) following neurosurgical intervention for spondylolisthesis.

METHODS

The Quality Outcomes Database (QOD) spondylolisthesis data set was queried for patients receiving either decompression alone or decompression plus fusion for degenerative spondylolisthesis. Preoperative and perioperative variables were queried, and Mann-Whitney U-tests were performed to identify which variables would be included in the machine learning models. Two KNN models were implemented (k = 25) with a standard training set of 60%, validation set of 20%, and testing set of 20%, one with arthrodesis status (model 1) and the other without (model 2). Feature scaling was implemented during the preprocessing stage to standardize the independent features.

RESULTS

Of 608 enrolled patients, 544 met prespecified inclusion criteria. The mean age of all patients was 61.9 ± 12.1 years (± SD), and 309 (56.8%) patients were female. The model 1 KNN had an overall accuracy of 98.1%, sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 84.6%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 97.9%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%. Additionally, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted for model 1, showing an overall area under the curve (AUC) of 0.998. Model 2 had an overall accuracy of 99.1%, sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 92.3%, PPV of 99.0%, and NPV of 100%, with the same ROC AUC of 0.998.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, these findings demonstrate that nonlinear KNN machine learning models have incredibly high predictive value for LOS. Important predictor variables include diabetes, osteoporosis, socioeconomic quartile, duration of surgery, estimated blood loss during surgery, patient educational status, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, BMI, insurance status, smoking status, sex, and age. These models may be considered for external validation by spine surgeons to aid in patient selection and management, resource utilization, and preoperative surgical planning.
Radiomic signatures of meningiomas using the Ki-67 proliferation index as a prognostic marker of clinical outcomes
Authors: Khanna Omaditya , Fathi Kazerooni Anahita , Arif Sherjeel , Mahtabfar Aria , Momin Arbaz A. , Andrews Carrie E. , Hafazalla Karim , Baldassari Michael P. , Velagapudi Lohit , Garcia Jose A. , Sako Chiharu , Farrell Christopher J. , Evans James J. , Judy Kevin D. , Andrews David W. , Flanders Adam E. , Shi Wenyin , Davatzikos Christos
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

The clinical behavior of meningiomas is not entirely captured by its designated WHO grade, therefore other factors must be elucidated that portend increased tumor aggressiveness and associated risk of recurrence. In this study, the authors identify multiparametric MRI radiomic signatures of meningiomas using Ki-67 as a prognostic marker of clinical outcomes independent of WHO grade.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was conducted of all resected meningiomas between 2012 and 2018. Preoperative MR images were used for high-throughput radiomic feature extraction and subsequently used to develop a machine learning algorithm to stratify meningiomas based on Ki-67 indices < 5% and ≥ 5%, independent of WHO grade. Progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed based on machine learning prediction of Ki-67 strata and compared with outcomes based on histopathological Ki-67.

RESULTS

Three hundred forty-three meningiomas were included: 291 with WHO grade I, 43 with grade II, and 9 with grade III. The overall rate of recurrence was 19.8% (15.1% in grade I, 44.2% in grade II, and 77.8% in grade III) over a median follow-up of 28.5 months. Grade II and III tumors had higher Ki-67 indices than grade I tumors, albeit tumor and peritumoral edema volumes had considerable variation independent of meningioma WHO grade. Forty-six high-performing radiomic features (1 morphological, 7 intensity-based, and 38 textural) were identified and used to build a support vector machine model to stratify tumors based on a Ki-67 cutoff of 5%, with resultant areas under the curve of 0.83 (95% CI 0.78–0.89) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.75–0.94) achieved for the discovery (n = 257) and validation (n = 86) data sets, respectively. Comparison of histopathological Ki-67 versus machine learning–predicted Ki-67 showed excellent performance (overall accuracy > 80%), with classification of grade I meningiomas exhibiting the greatest accuracy. Prediction of Ki-67 by machine learning classifier revealed shorter PFS for meningiomas with Ki-67 indices ≥ 5% compared with tumors with Ki-67 < 5% (p < 0.0001, log-rank test), which corroborates divergent patient outcomes observed using histopathological Ki-67.

CONCLUSIONS

The Ki-67 proliferation index may serve as a surrogate marker of increased meningioma aggressiveness independent of WHO grade. Machine learning using radiomic feature analysis may be used for the preoperative prediction of meningioma Ki-67, which provides enhanced analytical insights to help improve diagnostic classification and guide patient-specific treatment strategies.
Machine learning for automated and real-time two-dimensional to three-dimensional registration of the spine using a single radiograph
Authors: Abumoussa Andrew , Gopalakrishnan Vivek , Succop Benjamin , Galgano Michael , Jaikumar Sivakumar , Lee Yueh Z. , Bhowmick Deb A.
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this work was to methodically evaluate, optimize, and validate a self-supervised machine learning algorithm capable of real-time automatic registration and fluoroscopic localization of the spine using a single radiograph or fluoroscopic frame.

METHODS

The authors propose a two-dimensional to three-dimensional (2D-3D) registration algorithm that maximizes an image similarity metric between radiographic images to identify the position of a C-arm relative to a 3D volume. This work utilizes digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs), which are synthetic radiographic images generated by simulating the x-ray projections as they would pass through a CT volume. To evaluate the algorithm, the authors used cone-beam CT data for 127 patients obtained from an open-source de-identified registry of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar scans. They systematically evaluated and tuned the algorithm, then quantified the convergence rate of the model by simulating C-arm registrations with 80 randomly simulated DRRs for each CT volume. The endpoints of this study were time to convergence, accuracy of convergence for each of the C-arm’s degrees of freedom, and overall registration accuracy based on a voxel-by-voxel measurement.

RESULTS

A total of 10,160 unique radiographic images were simulated from 127 CT scans. The algorithm successfully converged to the correct solution 82% of the time with an average of 1.96 seconds of computation. The radiographic images for which the algorithm converged to the solution demonstrated 99.9% registration accuracy despite utilizing only single-precision computation for speed. The algorithm was found to be optimized for convergence when the search space was limited to a ± 45° offset in the right anterior oblique/left anterior oblique, cranial/caudal, and receiver rotation angles with the radiographic isocenter contained within 8000 cm3 of the volumetric center of the CT volume.

CONCLUSIONS

The investigated machine learning algorithm has the potential to aid surgeons in level localization, surgical planning, and intraoperative navigation through a completely automated 2D-3D registration process. Future work will focus on algorithmic optimizations to improve the convergence rate and speed profile.
Surgical classification using natural language processing of informed consent forms in spine surgery
Authors: Shost Michael D. , Meade Seth M. , Steinmetz Michael P. , Mroz Thomas E. , Habboub Ghaith
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

In clinical spine surgery research, manually reviewing surgical forms to categorize patients by their surgical characteristics is a crucial yet time-consuming task. Natural language processing (NLP) is a machine learning tool used to adaptively parse and categorize important features from text. These systems function by training on a large, labeled data set in which feature importance is learned prior to encountering a previously unseen data set. The authors aimed to design an NLP classifier for surgical information that can review consent forms and automatically classify patients by the surgical procedure performed.

METHODS

Thirteen thousand two hundred sixty-eight patients who underwent 15,227 surgeries from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2022, at a single institution were initially considered for inclusion. From these surgeries, 12,239 consent forms were classified based on the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code, categorizing them into 7 of the most frequently performed spine surgeries at this institution. This labeled data set was split 80%/20% into train and test subsets, respectively. The NLP classifier was then trained and the results demonstrated its performance on the test data set using CPT codes to determine accuracy.

RESULTS

This NLP surgical classifier had an overall weighted accuracy rate of 91% for sorting consents into correct surgical categories. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion had the highest positive predictive value (PPV; 96.8%), whereas lumbar microdiscectomy had the lowest PPV in the testing data (85.0%). Sensitivity was highest for lumbar laminectomy and fusion (96.7%) and lowest for the least common operation, cervical posterior foraminotomy (58.3%). Negative predictive value and specificity were > 95% for all surgical categories.

CONCLUSIONS

Utilizing NLP for text classification drastically improves the efficiency of classifying surgical procedures for research purposes. The ability to quickly classify surgical data can be significantly beneficial to institutions without a large database or substantial data review capabilities, as well as for trainees to track surgical experience, or practicing surgeons to evaluate and analyze their surgical volume. Additionally, the capability to quickly and accurately recognize the type of surgery will facilitate the extraction of new insights from the correlations between surgical interventions and patient outcomes. As the database of surgical information grows from this institution and others in spine surgery, the accuracy, usability, and applications of this model will continue to increase.
Comparison of machine learning models to predict long-term outcomes after severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Arefan Dooman , Pease Matthew , Eagle Shawn R. , Okonkwo David O. , Wu Shandong
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

An estimated 1.5 million people die every year worldwide from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Physicians are relatively poor at predicting long-term outcomes early in patients with severe TBI. Machine learning (ML) has shown promise at improving prediction models across a variety of neurological diseases. The authors sought to explore the following: 1) how various ML models performed compared to standard logistic regression techniques, and 2) if properly calibrated ML models could accurately predict outcomes up to 2 years posttrauma.

METHODS

A secondary analysis of a prospectively collected database of patients with severe TBI treated at a single level 1 trauma center between November 2002 and December 2018 was performed. Neurological outcomes were assessed at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postinjury with the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The authors used ML models including support vector machine, neural network, decision tree, and naïve Bayes models to predict outcome across all 4 time points by using clinical information available on admission, and they compared performance to a logistic regression model. The authors attempted to predict unfavorable versus favorable outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale scores of 1–3 vs 4–5), as well as mortality. Models’ performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) with 95% confidence interval and balanced accuracy.

RESULTS

Of the 599 patients in the database, the authors included 501, 537, 469, and 395 at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months posttrauma. Across all time points, the AUCs ranged from 0.71 to 0.85 for mortality and from 0.62 to 0.82 for unfavorable outcomes with various modeling strategies. Decision tree models performed worse than all other modeling approaches for multiple time points regarding both unfavorable outcomes and mortality. There were no statistically significant differences between any other models. After proper calibration, the models had little variation (0.02–0.05) across various time points.

CONCLUSIONS

The ML models tested herein performed with equivalent success compared with logistic regression techniques for prognostication in TBI. The TBI prognostication models could predict outcomes beyond 6 months, out to 2 years postinjury.
Quantification of motion during microvascular anastomosis simulation using machine learning hand detection
Authors: Gonzalez-Romo Nicolas I. , Hanalioglu Sahin , Mignucci-Jiménez Giancarlo , Koskay Grant , Abramov Irakliy , Xu Yuan , Park Wonhyoung , Lawton Michael T. , Preul Mark C.
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

Microanastomosis is one of the most technically demanding and important microsurgical skills for a neurosurgeon. A hand motion detector based on machine learning tracking technology was developed and implemented for performance assessment during microvascular anastomosis simulation.

METHODS

A microanastomosis motion detector was developed using a machine learning model capable of tracking 21 hand landmarks without physical sensors attached to a surgeon’s hands. Anastomosis procedures were simulated using synthetic vessels, and hand motion was recorded with a microscope and external camera. Time series analysis was performed to quantify the economy, amplitude, and flow of motion using data science algorithms. Six operators with various levels of technical expertise (2 experts, 2 intermediates, and 2 novices) were compared.

RESULTS

The detector recorded a mean (SD) of 27.6 (1.8) measurements per landmark per second with a 10% mean loss of tracking for both hands. During 600 seconds of simulation, the 4 nonexperts performed 26 bites in total, with a combined excess of motion of 14.3 (15.5) seconds per bite, whereas the 2 experts performed 33 bites (18 and 15 bites) with a mean (SD) combined excess of motion of 2.8 (2.3) seconds per bite for the dominant hand. In 180 seconds, the experts performed 13 bites, with mean (SD) latencies of 22.2 (4.4) and 23.4 (10.1) seconds, whereas the 2 intermediate operators performed a total of 9 bites with mean (SD) latencies of 31.5 (7.1) and 34.4 (22.1) seconds per bite.

CONCLUSIONS

A hand motion detector based on machine learning technology allows the identification of gross and fine movements performed during microanastomosis. Economy, amplitude, and flow of motion were measured using time series data analysis. Technical expertise could be inferred from such quantitative performance analysis.
Machine learning predictive models in neurosurgery: an appraisal based on the TRIPOD guidelines. Systematic review
Authors: Warman Anmol , Kalluri Anita L. , Azad Tej D.
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

In recent years, machine learning models for clinical prediction have become increasingly prevalent in the neurosurgical literature. However, little is known about the quality of these models, and their translation to clinical care has been limited. The aim of this systematic review was to empirically determine the adherence of machine learning models in neurosurgery with standard reporting guidelines specific to clinical prediction models.

METHODS

Studies describing the development or validation of machine learning predictive models published between January 1, 2020, and January 10, 2023, across five neurosurgery journals (Journal of Neurosurgery, Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, Neurosurgery, and World Neurosurgery) were included. Studies where the TRIPOD (Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis) guidelines were not applicable, radiomic studies, and natural language processing studies were excluded.

RESULTS

Forty-seven studies featuring a machine learning–based predictive model in neurosurgery were included. The majority (53%) of studies were single-center studies, and only 15% of studies externally validated the model in an independent cohort of patients. The median compliance across all 47 studies was 82.1% (IQR 75.9%–85.7%). Giving details of treatment (n = 17 [36%]), including the number of patients with missing data (n = 11 [23%]), and explaining the use of the prediction model (n = 23 [49%]) were identified as the TRIPOD criteria with the lowest rates of compliance.

CONCLUSIONS

Improved adherence to TRIPOD guidelines will increase transparency in neurosurgical machine learning predictive models and streamline their translation into clinical care.
MRI-based detection of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament using a novel automated machine learning diagnostic tool
Authors: Shemesh Shachar , Kimchi Gil , Yaniv Gal , Harel Ran
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE

Currently, CT is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). The objective of this study was to develop artificial intelligence (AI) software and a validated model for the identification and representation of cervical OPLL (C-OPLL) on MRI, obviating the need for spine CT.

METHODS

A retrospective evaluation was performed of consecutive imaging studies of all adult patients who underwent both cervical CT and MRI for any clinical indication within a span of 36 months (between January 2017 and July 2020) in a single tertiary-care referral hospital. C-OPLL was identified by a panel of neurosurgeons and a neuroradiologist. MATLAB software was then used to create an AI tool for the diagnosis of C-OPLL by using a convolutional neural network method to identify features on MR images. A reader study was performed to compare the performance of the AI model to that of the diagnostic panel using standard test performance metrics. Interobserver variability was assessed using Cohen’s kappa score.

RESULTS

Nine hundred consecutive patients were found to be eligible for radiological evaluation, yielding 65 identified C-OPLL carriers. The AI model, utilizing MR images, was able to accurately segment the vertebral bodies, PLL, and discoligamentous complex, and detect C-OPLL carriers. The AI model identified 5 additional C-OPLL patients who were not initially detected. The performance of the MRI-based AI model resulted in a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 98%, negative predictive value of 98%, and positive predictive value of 85%. The overall accuracy of the model was 98%, with a kappa score of 0.917.

CONCLUSIONS

The novel AI software developed in this study was highly specific for identifying C-OPLL on MRI, without the use of CT. This model may obviate the need for CT scans while maintaining adequate diagnostic accuracy. With further development, this MRI-based AI model has the potential to aid in the diagnosis of various spinal disorders and its automated layers may lay the foundation for MRI-specific diagnostic criteria for C-OPLL.
Novelty and ambiguity of testing: remembering Paul Virilio
Authors: Rodin Igor
Published: June 2023

. In this paper I will comment on a few theses of a psychologist Alexander Poddiakov regarding the psychology of acting in new and ambiguous circumstances, as well as that of developing cognitive research abilities. While comparing intelligence, creativity and research abilities testing, Poddiakov reflects upon methodological side effects, namely, doubtful correlation between them, immanent bias on the side of tests’ creators, oxymoronic way to present those tests as a ‘standard list of creative answers’. Notable and worth our reflection is the uncertainty of Poddiakov’s point of view which we intend to scrutinize: while acknowledging the value of intelligence and creativity testing as such, the author occasionally stumbles upon ‘hidden pitfalls’ of this praxis, wherein, undoubtedly, the very ambivalence of the era, which all of us are part of, is revealed — that which has been raised to the level of a civilizational imperative of techno-prosthesization of subjectivity and culture. Mainly I will be alluding to Poddiakov’s article ‘Mind Testing Practices: from regulation to freedom’ [Poddiakov, 2016] and our private correspondence. The aim of a proposed extensive comment is broadening the epistemological space of the discourse presented by Poddiakov, towards questions of philosophical-psychoanalytic kind while focusing on those which consider subjectivity in a broader perspective than that which regards testing practice specifically. I hope that meditations presented below will serve as an inspiring example of a productive trans-disciplinarity within the framework of which it is possible to make a ‘second order’ argument reflecting not only upon the very ‘phenomena’ through the lens of conventional methodologies but also the methodologies themselves. Throughout the article I will address Paul Virilio’s book ‘The Vision Machine’ [Virilio, 2004] wherein the author elaborates on problematics of re-structuring the subject in the context of technologization of visual contact with the world.
New Meanings and Modalities of Sport in the Context of the Development of Biomedicine
Authors: Popova Olga
Published: June 2023

The article considers the process of formation of new meanings of sport in connection with the development of biomedical technologies. It is shown that in the context of the growing trend of commodification of sports the meanings can closely correlate with the search for an “invisible” doping that provides an increase in performance in sports. At the same time, the development of biotechnologies makes it possible to manifest new modalities of sport, focused not so much on achieving high results, but on the value of participating in sports activities. An example of this is sport for organ transplants, which embodies the understanding of sport as a non-pragmatic game and cooperation. Based on the results of the study, a conclusion was made about the evolution of the meanings of sport and its contingent nature.
On the cultural-symbolic nature of sports: politico-philosophical aspect Irina I. Myurberg
Authors: Myrberg Irina
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the study is to revise sports as a phenomenon of European culture, placed in the context of modern socio-political pictures of the world. The relevance and novelty of the goal is ensured by phenomenological approach to the subject of research, supplemented with the historical analysis of the main tasks - those associated with the purpose of revealing cultural and symbolic content of such a concept as “competitive sports”. The research is centered on the task of situating modern approaches with those which associate the phenomenon of sports within F. Nietzsche’s philosophical message. Philosophically topical here are cultural and symbolic meanings (those manifesting themselves in “big-time sports”) surviving as political and normative hallmarks; they empower theory to search for interdisciplinary continuity between the analysis of the socio-political evolution of the changing European world and studies dealing with durable cultural and symbolic meanings.
Hypnosis Application in National Sport
Authors: Mailenova Farida G.
Published: June 2023

Sports hypnosis as a subset of sports psychology is based on the findings of physiologists and psychiatrists. Its use helps athletes to get rid of fears, create the right moral attitude before competitions, recover more quickly from traumas and overcome psychological barriers. Hypnosis addresses first of all the athlete's brain and focuses on mental training, while the traditional. approach to the training process considers the athlete's work only as physical. Such a radical difference in approach prevents the expansion of the use of hypnosis in sport.
Konstrukcja kan. 15 § 2 Kodeksu Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 roku oraz jej implikacje
Authors: Dzierżon Ginter
Published: June 2023

W zaprezentowanym artykule Autor podjął analizę kan. 15 § 2 Kodeksu Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r. pod kątem jego konstrukcji i jej ratio legis. Wykazał, iż zasady ujęte w pierwszej części zdania regulacji mają charakter zasad ogólnych. W jego opinii przyjęcie takiego rozwiązania wynika z faktu, iż przesłanki ujęte w zapisie odnoszą się do ustaw nakazujących lub zakazujących, które w aspekcie nieważności aktu mają charakter mniej radykalny aniżeli ustawy unieważniające lub uniezdalniające (kan. 10), do których prawodawca odniósł się w kan. 15 § 1. Ponadto dowiódł, analizując regulacje występujące poza pierwszą księgą Kodeksu Prawa Kanonicznego, a także dorobek doktryny, iż w relacji do obszaru określonego w kan. 15 § 2 w kanonicznym porządku prawnym funkcjonują jeszcze zasady uprzednie, wynikające z założeń systemowych oraz generalnej teorii aktu prawnego skutkujące tym, iż w pewnych uwarunkowaniach zasady ogólne nie obowiązują.
Zdaniem Autora, wprowadzenie domniemania iuris tantum w drugiej części zdania kan. 15 § 2 wynikało z faktu, iż fakt cudzy nienotoryjny nie charakteryzuje się taką oczywistością jak fakt własny czy fakt cudzy notoryjny.
Rozwój kompetencji Prymasa Polski i Przewodniczącego Konferencji Episkopatu Polski
Authors: Banduła Paweł
Published: June 2023

Prawa i przywileje prymasów Polski były ogromne. Prymasi Polski dokonywali koronacji królów Polski, błogosławili małżeństwa królewskie, przewodniczyli obrzędom pogrzebowym królów polskich. Byli pierwszymi senatorami królestwa, w trakcie nieobecności króla byli jego namiestnikiem i pełnili funkcję interrexa. Posiadali prawo do zwoływania sejmu, rad senatu oraz pospolitego ruszenia, zasiadali w organach rządowych, mieli procedencję przed królewiczami i książętami, zasiadali przed kardynałami, posiadali tytuł książęcy, herb oraz nosili szatę purpurową. Przełom w hierarchii nastąpił wraz nowym ustawodawstwem Kościoła powszechnego. Kodeks Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r. w kan. 438 wprost reguluje, że oprócz prerogatywy honoru, prymas nie ma już żadnej władzy rządzenia, chyba że w odniesieniu do niektórych z nich stwierdzałoby się co innego na mocy przywileju apostolskiego albo zatwierdzonego zwyczaju, zaś w kan. 452 nakazuje wybrać przewodniczącego konferencji biskupów. Obecnie prymas Polski jest tytułem honorowym przysługującym arcybiskupom metropolitom gnieźnieńskim. Przywilejami wnikającymi z funkcji prymasa są: precedencja podczas uroczystości liturgicznych, stałe miejsce w Radzie Stałej Konferencji Episkopatu Polski, prawo do noszenia purpury oraz posiadania w herbie 30 chwostów.
Reskrypt Dykasterii ds. Duchowieństwa dotyczący przenoszenia duchownych do stanu świeckiego
Authors: Wasilewski Piotr
Published: June 2023

Problematyka przeniesienia duchownych do stanu świeckiego uległa pewnym zmianom w związku z wprowadzeniem nowej wersji reskryptu z dyspensą Dykasterii ds. Duchowieństwa. Zauważalna jest modyfikacja stanowiska Stolicy Apostolskiej związana ze zwiększeniem troski o aktywną postawę w Kościele duchownego przeniesionego do stanu świeckiego. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie najnowszych zmian dotyczących stanu prawnego duchownych po otrzymaniu na własną prośbę reskryptu z dyspensą od celibatu i pozostałych obowiązków wynikających z przyjętych święceń kapłańskich.