bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black raspberries suppress pancreatic cancer through modulation of NKp46+, CD8+, and CD11b+ immune cells
Authors: Pan Pan , Zhu Zheng , Oshima Kiyoko , Aldakkak Mohammed , Tsai Susan , Huang Yi‐Wen , Dong Wenjuan , Zhang Jianying , Lin Chien‐Wei , Wang Youwei , Yearsley Martha , Yu Jianhua , Wang Li‐Shu
Published: March 2020

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal disease with a low survival rate (9%). Epidemiologic studies show that healthy dietary patterns enriched of fruits and vegetables lower the risk of PDAC. We previously showed that supplementing black raspberries (BRBs) to patients with colorectal cancer increased tumor‐infiltrating NK cells and their cytotoxicity. We aimed to determine whether BRBs combat PDAC by modulating cancer immunity. NOD.SCID mice lacking T and B cells were injected with human Panc‐1‐Luc cells orthotopically, and immunocompetent KrasLSL.G12D/+‐Trp53LSL.R172H/+‐Pdx‐1‐Cre mice were fed BRBs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from PDAC patients were treated with butyrate, a microbial metabolite of BRBs. The absence of T and B cells did not dampen BRBs’ antitumor effects in the NOD.SCID mice. In the KrasLSL.G12D/+‐Trp53LSL.R172H/+‐Pdx‐1‐Cre mice, BRBs significantly prolonged survival (189 days vs. 154 days). In both models, BRBs decreased tumor‐infiltrating CD11b+ cells and the expression of IL‐1β, sEH, and Ki67. BRBs also increased tumor‐infiltrating NKp46+ cells and the expression of CD107a, a functional marker of cytolytic NK and CD8+ T cells. In KrasLSL.G12D/+‐Trp53LSL.R172H/+‐Pdx‐1‐Cre mice, tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells was increased by BRBs. Further using the PBMCs from PDAC patients, we show that butyrate decreased the population of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Butyrate also reversed CD11b+ cell‐mediated suppression on CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, there is a negative association between MDSC changes and patients’ survival, suggesting that the more decrease in MDSC population induced by butyrate treatment, the longer the patient had survived. Our study suggests the immune‐modulating potentials of BRBs in PDAC.
Dietary polyphenols as antidiabetic agents: Advances and opportunities
Authors: Sun Chongde , Zhao Chao , Guven Esra Capanoglu , Paoli Paolo , Simal‐Gandara Jesus , Ramkumar Kunka Mohanram , Wang Shengpeng , Buleu Florina , Pah Ana , Turi Vladiana , Damian Georgiana , Dragan Simona , Tomas Merve , Khan Washim , Wang Mingfu , Delmas Dominique , Portillo Maria Puy , Dar Parsa , Chen Lei , Xiao Jianbo
Published: March 2020

Dietary polyphenols have been widely investigated as antidiabetic agents in cell, animals, human study, and clinical trial. The number of publication (Indexed by Web of Science) on “polyphenols and diabetes” significantly increased since 2010. This review highlights the advances and opportunities of dietary polyphenols as antidiabetic agents. Dietary polyphenols prevent and manage Type 2 diabetes mellitus via the insulin‐dependent approaches, for instance, protection of pancreatic islet β‐cell, reduction of β‐cell apoptosis, promotion of β‐cell proliferation, attenuation of oxidative stress, activation of insulin signaling, and stimulation of pancreas to secrete insulin, as well as the insulin‐independent approaches including inhibition of glucose absorption, inhibition of digestive enzymes, regulation of intestinal microbiota, modification of inflammation response, and inhibition of the formation of advanced glycation end products. Moreover, dietary polyphenols ameliorate diabetic complications, such as vascular dysfunction, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, coronary diseases, renal failure, and so on. The structure–activity relationship of polyphenols as antidiabetic agents is still not clear. The individual flavonoid or isoflavone has no therapeutic effect on diabetic patients, although the clinical data are very limited. Resveratrol, curcumin, and anthocyanins showed antidiabetic activity in human study. How hyperglycemia influences the bioavailability and bioactivity of dietary polyphenols is not well understood. An understanding of how diabetes alters the bioavailability and bioactivity of dietary polyphenols will lead to an improvement in their benefits and clinical outcomes.
Uncertainty and the volatility forecasting power of option‐implied volatility
Authors: Jeon Byounghyun , Seo Sung Won , Kim Jun Sik
Published: March 2020

This study investigates the impact of uncertainty on the volatility forecasting power of option‐implied volatility. Option‐implied volatility is a powerful predictor of future volatility, particularly during periods of high uncertainty. This is consistent with option‐implied volatility being largely determined by volatility‐informed traders (rather than directional traders) when uncertainty is high. New volatility forecasting models that incorporate such interaction outperform benchmark models, both in‐ and out‐of‐sample. The new models also better predict future volatility during the 2008 global financial crisis, for which benchmark models perform poorly. The results are robust to alternative choices of benchmark models, loss functions, and estimation windows.
Responding to Covid‐19: How to Navigate a Public Health Emergency Legally and Ethically
Authors: Gostin Lawrence O. , Friedman Eric A. , Wetter Sarah A.
Published: March 2020

Few novel or emerging infectious diseases have posed such vital ethical challenges so quickly and dramatically as the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2. The World Health Organization declared a public health emergency of international concern and recently classified Covid‐19 as a worldwide pandemic. As of this writing, the epidemic has not yet peaked in the United States, but community transmission is widespread. President Trump declared a national emergency as fifty governors declared state emergencies. In the coming weeks, hospitals will become overrun, stretched to their capacities. When the health system becomes stretched beyond capacity, how can we ethically allocate scarce health goods and services? How can we ensure that marginalized populations can access the care they need? What ethical duties do we owe to vulnerable people separated from their families and communities? And how do we ethically and legally balance public health with civil liberties?
Working Together to Lead the College to Bigger and Better Things: Exploring the Relationship Between Academic Deans and Senior Administrative Teams
Authors: Harris Nathan F.
Published: March 2020

This chapter examines an underexplored way in which deans enact their authority in Responsibility Center Budgeting (RCB)—mobilizing the expertise of administrators in their colleges to establish academic and budgetary priorities. The findings underscore the benefits of deans harnessing the expertise of their senior administrative teams to make sense of complex issues and problems.
Defining Mid‐Level Career Motivation and Primary Work Responsibilities in International Higher Education
Authors: Pal Patricia Ryan , McNaughtan Jon , García Hugo A.
Published: March 2020

This chapter uses the Job, Career, Calling conceptual framework to explore the career motivations of 119 mid‐level administrators in international higher education. Further, the primary job responsibilities of the mid‐level administrators are also examined to determine if work aligns with motivation. We find that international center directors often came to their roles through a sense of calling that was developed through prior international experiences and the desire to improve the student experience, cultural awareness, and internationalization of the institution and beyond.
“The Ones Who Move Things Along”: How Women Mid‐Level Managers Navigate Academic Landscapes
Authors: García Hugo A. , Nehls Kimberly , Florence Kimberly , Harwood Yvonne , McClain Tamara
Published: March 2020

This chapter uses feminist and empowerment theories as a framework to examine how women in mid‐level professional leadership perceive their level of influence and define leadership. Results indicate that empowerment behaviors are central when these women engage in opportunities to influence institutional decision‐making, in the ways they identify individuals with power and influence and use their positionality to “move things along.”
Oligometastatic head and neck cancer: Comprehensive review
Authors: Vengaloor Thomas Toms , Packianathan Satyaseelan , Bhanat Eldrin , Albert Ashley , Abraham Anu , Gordy Xiaoshan , Kanakamedala Madhava , Mehta Divyang , Vijayakumar Srinivasan
Published: March 2020

There are limited data available regarding the management of oligometastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) patients, and no consensus guidelines are available. The objective is to review the available literature for the management of oligometastatic SCCHN. Articles were selected from English Medline literature between 1995 and 2018, searched by using the keywords: oligometastatic SCCHN/metastasectomy/stereotactic body radiation treatment (SBRT). With the available data, oligometastatic SCCHN patients appear to behave differently and tend to have a better prognosis than those with widespread metastases. Retrospective evidence suggests that the aggressive treatment of the primary disease and local treatment of the metastatic sites improves survival in oligometastatic SCCHN at diagnosis. The definitive treatment of the distant metastatic sites using metastasectomy or SBRT correlates with better survival in oligorecurrent patients. Oligometastatic SCCHN patients may have a better prognosis if treated aggressively.
The Suspended Sediment and Metals Load from the Mariana's Tailing Dam Failure to the Coastal Sea
Authors: Schettini Carlos AF , Hatje Vanessa
Published: March 2020

We present an assessment on the sediment flux caused by the tailing dam failure at Mariana, Minas Gerais Estate, Brazil. Field data of water level, water flow, and suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) were obtained during the period from 21 November to 5 December 2015, when the muddy waters reached the coast. A rating curve of the coastal tidal signal was built, allowing a robust estimate of the flow at the mouth of the Doce River. Together with SSC data, early sediment delivered to the coastal sea was of 15 × 104 t, what may account for only 0.5% of the total material remobilized at the accident site. This accounted for >25 000 t of Fe and between 1 and 4 t of other trace metals, such as Co, Ni, and Zn. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:661–668. © 2020 SETAC
Synthesis, characterization, and applications of novel Co(II)‐pyridoxalphosphate‐Schiffbase/SBA‐15 as a nanocatalyst for the green synthesis of benzothiazole heterocycles
Authors: Yari Hassan , Dehkharghani Rahebeh A. , Bardajee Ghasem R. , Akbarzadeh‐T Niloufar
Published: March 2020

Mesoporous heterogeneous santa barbara amorphous (SBA)‐15‐supported cobalt complex, as a novel nanocatalyst containing N–O chelating Schiff‐base ligand was successfully synthesized by the reaction of SBA‐15 and Cobalt(II)‐Schiff‐base complex. The Co(II)‐Schiff base complex also was prepared for the first time, by the reaction of pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate or PLP (biological active form of vitamin B6), 3‐(aminopropyl)‐triethoxysilane in methanol that complexation with CoCl2. The subsequent grafting of entitled complex to SBA‐15 afforded Co(II)‐PLP‐Schiff base/SBA‐15 mesoporous catalyst. Characterization of the product was carried out with powder X‐ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller nitrogen adsorption–desorption, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The results revealed the retention of the textural properties and hexagonally uniform structures of SBA‐15 during the grafting procedure. This nanocatalyst was applied successfully for one‐pot synthesis of various benzothiazole heterocycles under green conditions. This catalyst is an active, reusable, and stable nanomaterial with no leaching of metal ions to the reaction medium. It was used for the synthesis of desired benzothiazole heterocycles by the cyclo‐condensation of aryl‐aldehydes with 2‐aminothiophenol with good to excellent yields and under green conditions.
Structure–property relationships of aliphatic esters using topological descriptors and backward‐multiple linear regression method
Authors: Rajabi Mehdi , Shafiei Fatemeh
Published: March 2020

In the present investigation, quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) modeling was carried out on 48 aliphatic esters to develop a robust model for the prediction of thermodynamic properties such as the enthalpy of vaporization at standard condition (∆H°vap kJ mol−1) and normal temperature of boiling points ( K). Multiple linear regression (MLR) and backward (BW) stepwise regression methods were used to select the descriptors derived from the Chemicalize program to give the QSPR models. These models were used to delineate the important descriptors responsible for the properties of the aliphatic esters. The multicollinearity and autocorrelation properties of the descriptors used in the models were tested by calculating the variance inflation factor, Pearson correlation coefficient, and the Durbin–Watson statistics. Leave‐one‐out cross‐validation, leave‐group (fivefold)‐out, and external validation criteria (Q2F1, Q2F2, Q2F3, CCC, R2m) were proposed to verify the predictive performance of QSPR models derived by BW‐MLR analysis. The predictive ability of the models was found to be satisfactory. Thus, QSPR models derived from this study may be helpful for modeling and designing some new aliphatic esters and predicting their properties.
Adolescent CB1 receptor antagonism influences subsequent social interactions and neural activity in female rats
Authors: Simone Jonathan J. , Baumbach Jennet L. , McPherson Jennifer , McCormick Cheryl M.
Published: March 2020

We previously demonstrated that repeated exposure to the CB1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist AM251 in adolescence (PND 30–44) increased social interactions in female rats when tested 48 h after the final exposure to the antagonist. Here, we investigated whether the increased sociality would be present after a longer drug washout period (5 days) in both male and female rats (experiment 1), and sought to identify candidate brain regions that may explain the observed differences in social behaviours between AM251 and vehicle‐treated female rats (experiment 2). While drug‐free, adolescent AM251 treatment increased social interactions in females and not in males. AM251 female rats had increased neural activity (as measured by the expression of early growth response protein‐1; EGR‐1) in the nucleus accumbens shell and cingulate gyrus of the medial prefrontal cortex, with no observed differences in EGR‐1 expression in the dorsal hippocampus, nucleus accumbens core, or prelimbic and infralimbic subdivisions of the medial prefrontal cortex relative to vehicle rats. Together, these results demonstrate a sex‐specific role of adolescent endocannabinoid signalling in the normative development of social behaviours and provide further support for adolescence as a vulnerable period for the effects of altered endocannabinoid signalling.
Synthesis and characterization of new derivatives of bis(1,4‐diazepinium) salts and bis(γ‐substituted pentamethine cyanine(dyes using vinamidinium salt
Authors: Habashi Fatemeh , Mehranpour Abdolmohammad , Jahromi Enayatollah Bahman
Published: March 2020

The preparation of several bis(1,4‐diazepinium) salts from the reaction of three 1,2‐diamines with a bis(vinamidinium) salt is described. Bis(γ‐substituted pentamethine cyanine(dyes are also prepared from the reaction of vinamidinium salt with 1,2‐dimethylquinolinium perchlorate and 1,2,3,3‐tetramethyl‐3H‐indolium perchlorate. Data from elemental analyzes, IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and mass spectra (MS) confirm the molecular structure of the obtained products.
EDUCATING REFUGEES: THE IMPACT OF A PROSOCIAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR SYRIAN REFUGEES IN JORDAN
Authors: Wilson Lydia , Jenkins Robert
Published: March 2020

▪▪▪ © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vesical Imaging–Reporting and Data System for Multiparametric MRI to Predict the Presence of Muscle Invasion for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Hong Seung Baek , Lee Nam Kyung , Kim Suk , Son Il Wan , Ha Hong Koo , Ku Ja Yoon , Kim Kyung Hwan , Park Won Young
Published: March 2020

Background

The Vesical Imaging–Reporting and Data System (VI‐RADS) is a newly developed system of bladder cancer staging with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), which can be used to predict the presence of muscle invasion for bladder cancer.

Purpose

To evaluate the accuracy of three mpMRI series (T2WI, diffusion‐weighted imaging [DWI], and dynamic contrast‐enhanced image [DCEI]) and VI‐RADS for diagnosing the muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

In all, 66 pathologically proven bladder cancers in 32 patients.

Field Strength/Sequence

Before the diagnostic MRI with an intramuscular antispasmodic agent, optimal bladder distension was confirmed. 3.0T MRI with T2WI, DWI, and DCEI.

Assessment

Three reviewers independently assessed and scored the bladder cancers in T2WI, DWI, and DCEI using a five‐point score system. Based on the scores in the three sequences, reviewers scored each bladder cancer with reference to VI‐RADS categories. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of each of three mpMRI sequences and the final VI‐RADS categorization for diagnosing MIBC.

Statistical Tests

Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and the area under the curve (AUC) of each of three sequences separately and VI‐RADS categorization for diagnosing the MIBC.

Results

The diagnostic performances of each of the three mpMRI series and VI‐RADS for diagnosing MIBC were excellent. Especially using the optimal cutoff score >3 for predicting MIBC on DWI, DCEI, and VI‐RADS, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and AUC values were 90% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56, 1.00), 100% (95% CI: 0.94, 1.00), 100% (95% CI: 0.66. 1.00), 98.3% (95% CI: 0.91, 1.00), and 0.95, respectively.

Data Conclusion

mpMRI based on VI‐RADS can stratify patients with bladder cancer according to the presence of muscle invasion.

Level of Evidence

3.

Technical Efficacy Stage

2. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1249–1256.
23Na‐MRI as a Noninvasive Biomarker for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis
Authors: Poku Linda Osei , Phil M. , Cheng Yongna , Wang Kai , Sun Xilin
Published: March 2020

The influx of sodium (Na+) ions into a resting cell is regulated by Na+ channels and by Na+/H+ and Na+/Ca2+ exchangers, whereas Na+ ion efflux is mediated by the activity of Na+/K+‐ATPase to maintain a high transmembrane Na+ ion gradient. Dysfunction of this system leads to changes in the intracellular sodium concentration that promotes cancer metastasis by mediating invasion and migration. In addition, the accumulation of extracellular Na+ ions in cancer due to inflammation contributes to tumor immunogenicity. Thus, alterations in the Na+ ion concentration may potentially be used as a biomarker for malignant tumor diagnosis and prognosis. However, current limitations in detection technology and a complex tumor microenvironment present significant challenges for the in vivo assessment of Na+ concentration in tumor. 23Na‐magnetic resonance imaging (23Na‐MRI) offers a unique opportunity to study the effects of Na+ ion concentration changes in cancer. Although challenged by a low signal‐to‐noise ratio, the development of ultrahigh magnetic field scanners and specialized sodium acquisition sequences has significantly advanced 23Na‐MRI. 23Na‐MRI provides biochemical information that reflects cell viability, structural integrity, and energy metabolism, and has been shown to reveal rapid treatment response at the molecular level before morphological changes occur. Here we review the basis of 23Na‐MRI technology and discuss its potential as a direct noninvasive in vivo diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for cancer therapy, particularly in cancer immunotherapy. We propose that 23Na‐MRI is a promising method with a wide range of applications in the tumor immuno‐microenvironment research field and in cancer immunotherapy monitoring.

Level of Evidence

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
GC–MS with photoionization of cold molecules in supersonic molecular beams—Approaching the softest ionization method
Authors: Fialkov Alexander B. , Ikonen Elias , Laaksonen Tiina , Amirav Aviv
Published: March 2020

A new type of photoionization ion source was developed for the ionization of cold molecules in supersonic molecular beams (named Cold PI). The system was based on a GC–MS with supersonic molecular beams and its fly‐through EI of cold molecules ion source (Cold EI) plus quadrupole mass analyzer. A continuously operated deuterium VUV photoionization lamp was added and placed above and between the supersonic nozzle and skimmer whereas the Cold EI ion source served only as a portion of the ion transfer ion optics. The supersonic nozzle and skimmer were voltage biased and the VUV light crossed the supersonic expansion about 10 mm from the nozzle. We obtained over three orders of magnitude enhancement in the relative abundance of the molecular ion of squalane in Cold PI versus in photoionization of this compound as a thermal compound. Accordingly, we also proved that standard photoionization is not as soft ionization method as previously perceived for large compounds. We found that Cold PI is as soft as and possibly softer than field ionization; thus, it could be the softest known ionization method. The ionization yield was about 200–300 times weaker than with Cold EI yet our limit of detection was about 200 femtogram in SIM mode for cholesterol and pyrene which is reasonable. Practically, all hydrocarbons gave only molecular ions with rather uniform response whereas alcohols gave some molecular ions plus major fragment ions particularly with a loss of water (similarly to field ionization). We tested Cold PI in the GC–MS analysis of diesel fuels and analyzed the time averaged data for group type information. We also found that we can analyze the diesel fuels by fast under 20‐s flow injection analysis in which the generated averaged mass spectrum of molecular ions only could serve for the characterization of fuels.
Controversial treatments: An updated understanding of the coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Zhang Cantong , Huang Shaoying , Zheng Fengping , Dai Yong
Published: March 2020

An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus 2 infection has posed significant threats to international health and the economy. In the absence of specific treatment for this virus, there is an urgent need to learn from the experience and lessons in China. To reduce the case‐fatality rate among coronavirus disease 2019 patients, we should not ignore the complications, such as RNAaemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction. To help understand the advantages and limitations of differential treatments, we provide a timely review and discuss the complications and corresponding major treatments, especially controversial ones such as antiviral therapy (remdesivir, ribavirin, and chloroquine), glucocorticoid therapy, extracorporeal support including an artificial liver system, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation based on available evidence. As a result, we suggest that antiviral therapy and organ function support are vital to reduce mortality for mild patients and critical patients, respectively.
Association of MCP‐1 promotor polymorphism with disease severity of Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever
Authors: Bagci Binnur , Bagci Gokhan , Buyuktuna Seyit Ali , Elaldi Nazif
Published: March 2020

Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a thick‐borne viral zoonotic disease. The pathogenesis and the reasons why cases have a mild or severe course in CCHF have not yet been explained. In this study, we investigated the relationship between promoter ‐2518 A/G single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the MCP‐1 gene and the clinical course of CCHF. The MCP‐1‐2518 A/G SNP (rs1024611) frequency was examined in 128 virologically/serologically confirmed CCHF patients and 181 healthy controls by using the PCR‐RFLP method. When CCHF patients and controls were compared, no significant difference was found between genotype distributions and allele frequencies of the ‐2518 A/G SNP of MCP‐1 gene (P > .05). Compared to the AA genotype, both AG (P = .016; OR = 2.57) and GG genotype (P = .039; OR = 3.43) were found with significantly higher frequencies in mild/moderate cases than in severe cases. Compared to the AG + GG genotype, AA showed a significant risk for severe CCHF (60.0% vs 38.4%,P = .02; OR = 2.41). In contrast, the AG genotype showed a significant protective effect against severe disease compared to AA + GG genotype (29.1% vs 47.9%,P = .013; OR = 2.58). Compared to mild/moderate cases, the A allele was found to be significantly higher in severe cases (0.745 vs 0.623,P = .039; OR = 1.77). However, no significant relationship was found between fatal and nonfatal cases in terms of genotype or allele frequencies (P > .05). In conclusion, both ‐2518 AA genotype and A allele of MCP‐1 were associated with disease severity, and the AG genotype had a protective effect against a severe disease course in CCHF patients.
Severe and moderate periodontitis are associated with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Gomes‐Filho Isaac S. , Coelho Julita Maria F. , Miranda Samilly S. , Cruz Simone S. , Trindade Soraya C. , Cerqueira Eneida M.M. , Passos‐Soares Johelle S. , Costa Maria da Conceição N. , Vianna Maria Isabel P. , Figueiredo Ana Cláudia M.G. , Hintz Alexandre Marcelo , Coelho Amanda F. , Passos Luiz Carlos S. , Barreto Maurício L. , Scannapieco Frank
Published: March 2020

Background

An association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease is now well documented; however, the effect of periodontitis severity levels on this outcome, specifically on acute myocardial infarction (AMI), remains unexplored. This study investigated the association between levels of periodontitis severity (exposure) and AMI (outcome).

Methods

This case‐control study, matched by sex and age, was conducted with 621 participants, with 207 individuals treated in the emergency department of Santa Izabel and Ana Nery Hospitals in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, diagnosed with a first AMI event, and compared to 414 individuals without a diagnosis of AMI. Levels of periodontitis severity followed two criteria: (1) Center for Disease Prevention and Control and American Academy of Periodontology; (2) Gomes‐Filho et al. (2018) using criteria that also evaluated bleeding upon probing. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed and odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained.

Results

The adjusted association measurements showed a positive association between both severe (ORadjusted ranged from 2.21 to 3.92; 95% CI ranged from 1.03 to 10.05) and moderate periodontitis (ORadjusted ranged from 1.96 to 2.51; 95% CI ranged from 1.02 to 6.19), and AMI, for both periodontitis diagnostic criteria. It demonstrated that among those with moderate and severe periodontitis, the chance of having AMI was approximately two to four times greater than among those without periodontitis.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrate that there is an association between the severity of the periodontal condition and AMI, suggesting a possible relationship among the levels of periodontitis severity and the cardiovascular condition.
The modern approach to the nipple‐sparing mastectomy
Authors: Kopkash Katherine , Sisco Mark , Poli Elizabeth , Seth Akhil , Pesce Catherine
Published: March 2020

A modern perspective on the nipple‐sparing mastectomy (NSM) looking at current indications as well as the most up‐to‐date evidence both in the literature and from our institution. There is an in‐depth description of our NSM technique and an overview of alternative approaches, including the robotic technique. The complicated concept of the learning curve is addressed and ideas on how to train other NSM adopters.
Delivery of Interleukin‐4–Encoding Lentivirus Using Multiple‐Channel Bridges Enhances Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Ali S. Ahmed , Hanks John E. , Stebbins Aaron W. , Alkhalili Osama , Cohen Samantha T. , Chen Jessica Y. , Smith Dominique R. , Dumont Courtney M. , Shea Lonnie D. , Hogikyan Norman D. , Feldman Eva L. , Brenner Michael J.
Published: March 2020

Objectives/Hypothesis

Facial nerve injury is a source of major morbidity. This study investigated the neuroregenerative effects of inducing an anti‐inflammatory environment when reconstructing a facial nerve defect with a multichannel bridge containing interleukin‐4 (IL‐4)–encoding lentivirus.

Study Design

Animal study.

Methods

Eighteen adult Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into three groups, all of which sustained a facial nerve gap defect. Group I had reconstruction performed via an IL‐4 multichannel bridge, group II had a multichannel bridge with saline placed, and group III had no reconstruction.

Results

Quantitative histomorphometric data were assessed 10 weeks after injury. On post hoc analysis, the IL‐4 bridge group demonstrated superior regeneration compared to bridge alone on fiber density (mean = 2,380 ± 297 vs. 1,680 ± 441 fibers/mm2, P = .05) and latency time (mean = 2.9 ms ± 0.6 ms vs. 3.6 ms ± 0.3 ms, P < .001). There was significantly greater regeneration in the IL‐4 bridge group versus unreconstructed defect for total fiber and density measurements (P ≤ .05). Comparison of facial motor‐evoked distal latencies between the IL‐4 bridge group versus bridge alone revealed significant electrophysiological improvement at week 8 (P = .02).

Conclusions

Inflammation has been implicated in a variety of otolaryngologic disorders. This study demonstrates that placement of a multichannel bridge with lentivirus encoding IL‐4 improves regenerative outcomes following facial nerve gap injury in rodents. This effect is likely mediated by promotion of an anti‐inflammatory environment, and these findings may inform future therapeutic approaches to facial nerve injury.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 2020
Nano‐Pulse Stimulation Induces Changes in the Intracellular Organelles in Rat Liver Tumors Treated In Situ
Authors: Nuccitelli Richard , McDaniel Amanda , Connolly Richard , Zelickson Brian , Hartman Holly
Published: March 2020

Background and Objectives

Nano‐pulse stimulation (NPS) therapy is the application of ultrafast pulses of high amplitude electrical energy to tissues to influence cell function. Unique characteristics of these pulses enable electric field penetration into the interior of cells and organelles to generate transient nanopores in both organelle and plasma membranes. The purpose of this study is to document the temporal and physical changes in intracellular organelles following NPS therapy using electron microscopy.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Liver tumors were induced in five buffalo rats by implanting syngeneic McA‐RH7777 hepatocellular carcinoma cells into the surgically exposed livers. Tumors were allowed to grow for 1 week and then the surgically exposed livers were treated in situ with NPS energy delivered at a sufficient level to trigger regulated cell death in the tumor. Samples of NPS‐treated and control tissue were removed and fixed for electron microscopy at 1 minute, 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 2 hours and 4 hours after exposure.

Results

Measurements of cellular organelles indicate strong swelling following NPS therapy exposure compared with untreated controls. The mean diameter of the mitochondria increased by 55% within 1 minute and then by 2.5‐fold by 2 hours post‐NPS therapy. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) cisternae swelled immediately after NPS therapy with reduced swelling by 30 minutes and loss of structural integrity by 2 hours. The Golgi apparatus appears swollen in images collected 1 and 5 minutes after NPS therapy and was no longer detected at 30 minutes and 2 hours post‐NPS therapy. By 4 hours after NPS therapy, a nascent Golgi apparatus was detected in many of the images. The plasma membrane lost its well‐defined morphology and became less linear, exhibiting discontinuities as early as 1 minute post‐NPS energy exposure and the nuclear envelope became subjectively less distinct over time.

Conclusions

NPS therapy at sufficient energy levels causes the rapid swelling of organelles, disintegration of the RER, breaks in the plasma membrane and blurs the borders of the nuclear envelope. These changes in the mitochondria and RER are indicative of a regulated cell death process. These immediate physical changes to vital cell organelles are likely to trigger subsequent regulated cell death mechanisms observed in other studies of NPS therapy. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BRCA1 and VDR gene polymorphisms are associated with prostate cancer risk in Mexican men
Authors: Martínez‐Nava Gabriela Angélica , Gómez Rocío , Burguete‐García Ana Isabel , Vázquez‐Salas Ruth Argelia , Ventura‐Bahena Arianna , Torres‐Sánchez Luisa
Published: March 2020

Prostate cancer (PC) is a polygenic disease with broad differences across ethnicities. BRCA1/2 and VDR have exhibited a featured genetic contribution to PC development in European populations. Nonetheless, its contribution in Latino populations specifically among Mexican men, where 70% of PC cases are detected in advanced stages, is still unknown. The contribution of seven polymorphisms in BRCA1/2 and VDR genes to PC susceptibility was evaluated in 370 incident PC cases and 759 age‐matched (±5 years) controls belonging to the Mexican population. Based on Gleason score at diagnosis, PC cases were classified as well‐differentiated PC (Gleason <7) and moderate or poorly differentiated PC (Gleason ≥7). Age at diagnosis was used to divided PC cases in earlier (<60 years) and late‐onset PC (≥60 years). Prostate and breast cancer family histories were obtained through interview. Our results provided evidences about the contribution of BRCA1‐rs1799966 (ORCC genotype = 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36‐3.91) to the moderate or poorly differentiated PC risk, independently of the family history of prostate, breast or ovary cancer. Further, VDR‐rs2238135‐G allele was associated with early‐onset PC (ORG allele = 2.05; 95% CI = 1.06‐3.95), and marginally with moderate or poorly differentiated PC risk. The present study revealed the crucial role of BRCA1 in PC aggressiveness risk, outstanding the gender imbalance regarding the breast cancer risk in women.
Polyomavirus‐driven Merkel cell carcinoma: Prospects for therapeutic vaccine development
Authors: Tabachnick‐Cherny Shira , Pulliam Thomas , Church Candice , Koelle David M. , Nghiem Paul
Published: March 2020

Great strides have been made in cancer immunotherapy including the breakthrough successes of anti‐PD‐(L)1 checkpoint inhibitors. In Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare and aggressive skin cancer, PD‐(L)1 blockade is highly effective. Yet, ~50% of patients either do not respond to therapy or develop PD‐(L)1 refractory disease and, thus, do not experience long‐term benefit. For these patients, additional or combination therapies are needed to augment immune responses that target and eliminate cancer cells. Therapeutic vaccines targeting tumor‐associated antigens, mutated self‐antigens, or immunogenic viral oncoproteins are currently being developed to augment T‐cell responses. Approximately 80% of MCC cases in the United States are driven by the ongoing expression of viral T‐antigen (T‐Ag) oncoproteins from genomically integrated Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Since T‐Ag elicits specific B‐ and T‐cell immune responses in most persons with virus‐positive MCC (VP‐MCC), and ongoing T‐Ag expression is required to drive VP‐MCC cell proliferation, therapeutic vaccination with T‐Ag is a rational potential component of immunotherapy. Failure of the endogenous T‐cell response to clear VP‐MCC (allowing clinically evident tumors to arise) implies that therapeutic vaccination will need to be potent anśd synergize with other mechanisms to enhance T‐cell activity against tumor cells. Here, we review the relevant underlying biology of VP‐MCC, potentially applicable therapeutic vaccine platforms, and antigen delivery formats. We also describe early successes in the field of therapeutic cancer vaccines and address several clinical scenarios in which VP‐MCC patients could potentially benefit from a therapeutic vaccine.
As ACA marks 10th anniversary, MH care even more critical during COVID‐19
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: March 2020

March 23, 2020, marked the 10th anniversary of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), which, despite some ups and downs over the past decade, has expanded the scope of coverage for millions of people with mental illnesses and substance use disorders (SUDs).
Health agency merger pending as Oklahoma Senate takes break
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: March 2020

A proposal by Oklahoma officials to merge two health agencies has raised concerns among mental health stakeholders. Although legislation to support the consolidation has seen movement and remains active, the Oklahoma Senate has announced it is on hold right now due to COVID‐19.
More around Cattaneo equation to describe heat transfer processes
Authors: Spigler Renato
Published: March 2020

We revisit Cattaneo's derivation of the equation describing heat transfer and bearing his name, finding a more elaborated model equation, that we will compare with the time‐lagged model. This equation does not comply with the second law of thermodynamics, as well as Cattaneo equation. The latter, however, is known to have provided meaningful results in certain experiments conducted in some liquids and solids at very low temperature. These experiments also match the results given by a nonlinear model proposed by A. Morro and T. Ruggeri in 1988, which instead does meet the laws of thermodynamics. A comparison is made with such a model too.
Preventing polyspermy in mammalian eggs—Contributions of the membrane block and other mechanisms
Authors: Evans Janice P.
Published: March 2020

The egg's blocks to polyspermy (fertilization of an egg by more than one sperm) were originally identified in marine and aquatic species with external fertilization, but polyspermy matters in mammalian reproduction too. Embryonic triploidy is a noteworthy event associated with pregnancy complications and loss. Polyspermy is a major cause of triploidy with up to 80% of triploid conceptuses being the result of dispermic fertilization. The mammalian female reproductive tract regulates the number of sperm that reach the site of fertilization, but mammals also utilize egg‐based blocks to polyspermy. The egg‐based blocks occur on the mammalian egg coat (the zona pellucida) and the egg plasma membrane, with apparent variation between different mammalian species regarding the extent to which one or both are used. The zona pellucida block to polyspermy has some similarities to the slow block in water‐dwelling species, but the mammalian membrane block to polyspermy differs substantially from the fast electrical block that has been characterized in marine and aquatic species. This review discusses what is known about the incidence of polyspermy in mammals and about the mammalian membrane block to polyspermy, as well as notes some lesser‐characterized potential mechanisms contributing to polyspermy prevention in mammals.
Flame retardant and mechanical properties of expandable graphite/polyurethane foam composites containing iron phosphonate dopamine‐coated cellulose
Authors: Yun Gyeong Won , Lee Joo Hyung , Kim Seong Hun
Published: March 2020

Additive‐type flame retardants used in polyurethane foams (PUFs) have low compatibility with the matrix and have a large particle size which reduces the mechanical strength. To overcome this, cellulose‐based additive‐type flame retardants were prepared. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was grinded to a suitable size to be applying as a reinforcement for urethane foam. The ground MCC was coated with the mussel‐derived adhesive protein, dopamine, and formed the iron phosphonate coordination network on the surface. It was confirmed that the modification proceeded well by structural analysis by Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometer and morphology analysis by scanning electron microscope. In the synthesis of PUF, expandable graphite (EG) was added to obtain high flame retardancy. The PUF mixed with 3 wt% of ground MCC‐based flame retardant and 12 wt% of EG (GCF3) was found to have an excellent limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 25.3%, while the LOI of pure PUF was 19.3%. In particular, the compressive strength of GCF3 was remarkably enhanced (21 wt%) compared with the PUF containing 15 wt% of EG. This study produced a new additive‐type flame retardant to improve mechanical strength. This provides a simple and comprehensive solution for PUF applications requiring high flame retardancy and mechanical strength.
Expansile cribriform Gleason pattern 4 has histopathologic and molecular features of aggressiveness and greater risk of biochemical failure compared to glomerulation Gleason pattern 4
Authors: Greenland Nancy Y. , Cowan Janet E. , Zhang Li , Carroll Peter R. , Chan Emily , Stohr Bradley A. , Simko Jeffry P.
Published: March 2020

Background

Molecular testing of prostate cancer biopsies with Gleason pattern 4 suggests the expansile cribriform pattern is more aggressive than the glomerulation pattern. These two extreme patterns have not been compared at prostatectomy. We hypothesized that at prostatectomy the expansile cribriform pattern would be associated with histopathologic and molecular features of aggressiveness and with greater risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) than the glomerulation pattern.

Methods

In a retrospective cohort study, radical prostatectomy reports with expansile cribriform pattern or glomerulation pattern were analyzed for percentage of total pattern 4, extraprostatic extension (EPE), positive lymph nodes, seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), and intraductal carcinoma (IDC). Cases with pattern 5 or with both expansile cribriform and glomerulations patterns present were excluded. The electronic medical record was reviewed for BCR‐free survival and for Decipher test results.

Results

Of 1020 radical prostatectomies from July 2015 to July 2018, 110 (11%) had either expansile cribriform or glomerulation pattern present. The expansile cribriform group was associated with more histopathologic features of aggressiveness, with higher average total percentage pattern 4 (43.7 vs 27.0, P = .002), a trend of greater extensive EPE (32.7% vs 17.2%, P = .06), a trend toward statistical significance of higher rate of SVI (11.5% vs 3.4%, P = .1), greater positive lymph nodes (9.6% vs 0%, P = .02), and a higher percentage of cases with or suspicious for IDC (23.1% vs 8.6%, P = .04). The risk of BCR was 4.4 (1.3‐15.4) fold greater for the expansile cribriform group vs the glomerulations group (P = .02). For the 38 patients who underwent Decipher testing, the expansile cribriform group had a high‐risk assay category mean score whereas the glomerulations group had an average risk assay category mean score (0.61 vs 0.47, P = .02).

Conclusions

In a comparison of prostatectomy cases with expansile cribriform pattern to those with glomerulation pattern, the expansile cribriform pattern was associated with more histopathologic features of aggressiveness, greater risk of biochemical failure, and higher scores with a molecular classifier (Decipher) test. These findings underscore the importance of reporting the types of pattern 4 and supports the argument that men with expansile cribriform likely require more aggressive management.
Financial Incentives and Herding: Evidence from Two Online Experiments
Authors: Bhanot Syon P. , Williamson Charles
Published: March 2020

Social conformity and information‐based herding have been studied extensively in the social sciences, but there is little experimental evidence on how financial incentives impact the likelihood that an individual will follow the crowd. We present the results of a pair of two‐stage online experiments where we use answers to and confidence about trivia questions—with and without information about the choices of others—to test the impact of financial incentives on an individual's likelihood of engaging in herd behavior (i.e., switching their answer to the most popular answer when it is revealed). We find strong evidence that individuals are more likely to herd when there are financial incentives to be correct, suggesting that individuals are less likely to rely on their own beliefs and judgments when the stakes are higher. We also exploit the unique design of our experiments to show that in the absence of information about others' choices, men report higher levels of confidence than women.
Shining Light on Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Colsmann Alexander , Röhm Holger , Sprau Christian
Published: March 2020

Organic solar cells have come a long way from fundamental considerations of charge carrier dynamics in organic semiconductors to devices with laboratory power conversion efficiencies exceeding 17% and first power harvesting installations. Despite this story of success, these days, the scientific community witnesses a shift of research effort to other solar concepts, leaving behind a high‐potential solar technology with better applicability forecasts than ever before. Very compelling reasons still exist why organic solar cells can become the solar technology of the future that offers design versatility and enables unprecedented applications while offering the lowest energy payback times and ecologic sustainability. This perspective article highlights why organic solar cells remain a research field of the highest socioeconomic relevance, which challenges remain to be overcome in the future, and how organic solar cells can make a difference in the future energy landscape.
Closed‐form expressions for predicting moment redistribution in reinforced concrete beams with application to conventional concrete and ultrahigh performance fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Sturm Alexander B. , Visintin Phillip , Oehlers Deric J.
Published: March 2020

The redistribution of moment within a statically indeterminate reinforced concrete beam at the ultimate limit state occurs through variations in the flexural rigidities and through the formation of hinges. The phenomena of moment redistribution (MR) is used to increase the efficiency of reinforced concrete design by allowing moments to be transferred away from critical cross sections thereby resulting in lower design moments. To allow for this effect in design, two main approaches are adopted. The first is to perform an elastic analysis and then to adjust the resulting distribution of moment using a codified MR factor. The second is to apply a plastic analysis allowing for the formation of hinges, and to calculate the rotational requirements at the hinges from first principles. This paper uses fundamental plastic analyses to derive closed‐form expressions for the hinge rotational requirements for full MR (that required to achieve the theoretical maximum applied load within the beam based on the moment capacity of sections within the beam). These closed‐form solutions are then used to quantify the maximum load on a beam when the rotational capacities at a hinge are less than the rotational requirements for full MR (partial MR). Closed‐form solutions are then used to derive MR factors which do not require semimechanical calibration.
Teaching the Three E's of Sustainability Through Service‐Learning in a Professional Program
Authors: Reames Tony G. , Blackmar Jeannette M. , Pierce John C.
Published: March 2020

Using seven established course design principles for effective service‐learning, this chapter discusses the lessons learned in teaching the three E's of sustainability: environmental; economic; and (social) equity, in a professional program at an American Midwestern public university.