bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced-spatial-resolution optical surface profiler based on focusing deflectometry
Authors: Wu Ming , Han Jun , Hu Weishan , Li Ming , Yang Fugui , Sheng Weifan
Published: June 2022

Deflectometric slope profiler is an essential technique for accessing the surface metrology of mirrors used in synchrotron radiation beamlines. To increase the upper spatial frequency bandwidth limits of deflectometric slope profiler, reducing the beam spot size on the mirrors is necessary. In this paper, we introduce a profiler system: the focusing long trace profiler (FLTP). It contains a newly developed optical head capable of raising upper spatial frequency bandwidth limits by using a focused beam instead of a collimated beam to scan the sample. This feature has been proven in a numerical simulation experiment, where a spatial resolution of up to around 0.05 mm was reached when the sample is set at focus plane. The system is implemented and characterized in several experiments; calibration of the focusing optical head shows that it can achieve a high angular accuracy of sub-50 nrad root-mean-square (rms) and defocusing of sample under test (SUT) has no effect on the measurement results; the measurement tests also demonstrate the system’s advantage in highly curved mirror profile metrology.
Microflow multi-layer diffraction optical element processed by hybrid manufacturing technology
Authors: Tan Mingyue , Huang Long , Cao Jiayi , Zhang Han , Zhao Shaoqing , Liu Minzhe , Jia Zhongqing , Zhai Ruizhan , Liu Hua
Published: June 2022

Traditional planar diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are challenged in imaging systems due to diffraction efficiency and chromatic dispersion. In this paper, we have designed a microfluidic diffractive optical element (MFDOE), which is processed by digital micromirror device (DMD) maskless lithography (DMDML) assisted femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW). MFDOE is a combination of photoresist-based multi-layer harmonic diffraction surface and liquid, realizing diffraction efficiency of more than 90% in the visible band. And it shows achromatic characteristics in the two bands of 469 nm (±20 nm) and 625 nm (±20 nm). These results show that MFDOE has good imaging performance.
Shortcut to adiabaticity in bent waveguide couplers with a sign flip of the phase mismatch
Authors: Wu Bing-Tsung , Tseng Shuo-Yen
Published: June 2022

Bending the axis of a waveguide coupler can result in phase mismatch between the evanescently coupled waveguides. Using a bent waveguide coupler, we realize a shortcut to adiabatic light transfer between waveguides with a sign flip of the phase mismatch. Counterdiabatic driving with unitary transformation cancels non-adiabatic coupling in the waveguide coupler so that light evolution follows the adiabatic modes at short lengths. The counterdiabatic driving protocol is implemented in the waveguide coupler by engineering the waveguide spacing and axis bending profile. The bent waveguide coupler is compact and robust against parameter variations.
Parametric-amplification-induced nonreciprocal magnon laser
Authors: Huang Kai-Wei , Wu Ying , Si Liu-Gang
Published: June 2022

We theoretically propose a scheme to achieve all-optical nonreciprocal magnon lasing action in a composite cavity optomagnonical system considering of a yttrium iron garnet sphere coupled to a parametric resonator. The magnon lasing behavior can be engendered via the magnon-induced Brillouin scattering process in the cavity optomagnonical system. By unidirectionally driving the χ(2)-nonlinear resonator with a classical coherent field, the squeezed effect occurs only in the selected direction due to the phase-matching condition, resulting in asymmetric detuning between the two resonators, which is the physical mechanism to generate a nonreciprocal magnon laser. We further examine the gain factor and power threshold of the magnon laser. Moreover, the isolation rate can reach 21 dB by adjusting the amplitude of the parametric amplification. Our work shows a path to obtain an all-optical nonreciprocal magnon laser, which provides a means for the preparation of a coherent magnon laser and laser protection.
Parametric downconversion via vibronic transition
Authors: Miyata Kentaro , Yumoto Masaki , Kawata Yasushi , Imai Shinichi , Wada Satoshi
Published: June 2022

This Letter presents the first, to the best of our knowledge, demonstration of noncritically birefringent-phase-matched parametric downconversion, which is associated with stimulated emission via vibronic transition in a laser gain medium. The so-called self-difference frequency generation is realized along the a-axis of a Cr:CdSe single crystal pumped by a Tm:YAG laser pulse at 2.013 µm, directly producing an infrared spectrum centered at 9 µm with the maximized effective nonlinearity. The light source, which benefits from the broad vibronic spectroscopic properties together with the wide transparency range of the host material, is expected to generate noncritically phase-matched, mid-infrared spectra beyond 20 µm along with birefringence engineering in the solid solution Cr:CdS
x
Se1–x.
Differential phase reconstruction of microcombs
Authors: Twayana Krishna , Lei Fuchuan , Ye Zhichao , Rebolledo-Salgado Israel , Helgason Öskar B. , Karlsson Magnus , Torres-Company Victor
Published: June 2022

Measuring microcombs in amplitude and phase provides unique insight into the nonlinear cavity dynamics, but spectral phase measurements are experimentally challenging. Here, we report a linear heterodyne technique assisted by electro-optic downconversion that enables differential phase measurement of such spectra with unprecedented sensitivity (−50 dBm) and bandwidth coverage (>110 nm in the telecommunications range). We validate the technique with a series of measurements, including single-cavity and photonic molecule microcombs.
Kerr optical parametric oscillation in a photonic crystal microring for accessing the infrared
Authors: Lu Xiyuan , Chanana Ashish , Zhou Feng , Davanco Marcelo , Srinivasan Kartik
Published: June 2022

Continuous wave optical parametric oscillation (OPO) provides a flexible approach for accessing mid-infrared wavelengths between 2 µm and 5 µm, but operation at these wavelengths has not yet been integrated into silicon nanophotonics. Typically, a Kerr OPO uses a single transverse mode family for pump, signal, and idler modes, and relies on a delicate balance to achieve normal (but close-to-zero) dispersion near the pump and the requisite higher-order dispersion needed for phase- and frequency-matching. Within integrated photonics platforms, this approach results in two major problems. First, the dispersion is very sensitive to geometry, so that small fabrication errors can have a large impact. Second, the device is susceptible to competing nonlinear processes near the pump. In this Letter, we propose a flexible solution to infrared OPO that addresses these two problems by using a silicon nitride photonic crystal microring (PhCR). The frequency shifts created by the PhCR bandgap enable OPO that would otherwise be forbidden. We report an intrinsic optical quality factor up to (1.2 ± 0.1)×106 in the 2-µm band, and use a PhC ring to demonstrated an OPO with a threshold dropped power in the cavity of (90 ± 20) mW, with the pump wavelength at 1998 nm, and the signal and idler wavelengths at 1937 nm and 2063 nm, respectively. We further discuss how to extend the OPO spectral coverage in the mid-infrared. These results establish the PhCR OPO as a promising route for integrated laser sources in the infrared.
Stable and efficient luminescence of Cs4PbBr6−xIx PQDs glass: a potential material for wide color gamut display
Authors: Liu Xiaoqing , Lu Yang , Wei Ran , Fu Siyuan , Xu Shiqing , Zhang Junjie
Published: June 2022

Zero-dimensional Cs4PbBr6−xI
x
perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) glass is successfully prepared via a melt quenching method, which provides infinite possibilities for achieving the whole family of zero-dimensional PQDs glass. The test results demonstrate excellent thermal stability and high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of Cs4PbBr6−xI
x
PQDs glass (up to 50%). Finally, the combination of Cs4PbBr6−xI
x
PQDs glass with an InGaN blue chip is used to fabricate white light-emitting diodes (WLED), which show good color stability at a large operating current, and the color gamut area reaches 137% of NTSC. The above results indicate that zero-dimensional Cs4PbBr6−xI
x
PQDs glass materials have a broad application prospect in the display lighting field.
Nd3+ doped titanate-germanate glasses for near-IR laser applications
Authors: Pisarski Wojciech A. , Kowalska Karolina , Kuwik Marta , Pisarska Joanna , Dorosz Jan , Żmojda Jacek , Kochanowicz Marcin , Dorosz Dominik
Published: June 2022

In current work, spectroscopic properties of Nd3+ ions in titanate-germanate glasses have been studied for near-IR luminescence and laser applications. Near-IR luminescence at 1.06 µm due to 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 laser transition of Nd3+ ions has been examined in the function of TiO2 concentration. Based on theoretical calculations and experimental investigations, several spectroscopic and laser parameters for Nd3+ ions in titanate-germanate glasses were determined and compared to the previous results published for similar glass systems. Our systematic studies indicate that Nd3+ doped glass with molar ratio GeO2:TiO2 = 2:1 presents excellent near-IR luminescence properties and could be successfully applied to laser technology.
Gamma oscillations in primate primary visual cortex are severely attenuated by small stimulus discontinuities
Authors: Shirhatti Vinay , Ravishankar Poojya , Ray Supratim
Published: June 2022

Gamma oscillations (30 to 80 Hz) have been hypothesized to play an important role in feature binding, based on the observation that continuous long bars induce stronger gamma in the visual cortex than bars with a small gap. Recently, many studies have shown that natural images, which have discontinuities in several low-level features, do not induce strong gamma oscillations, questioning their role in feature binding. However, the effect of different discontinuities on gamma has not been well studied. To address this, we recorded spikes and local field potential from 2 monkeys while they were shown gratings with discontinuities in 4 attributes: space, orientation, phase, or contrast. We found that while these discontinuities only had a modest effect on spiking activity, gamma power drastically reduced in all cases, suggesting that gamma could be a resonant phenomenon. An excitatory–inhibitory population model with stimulus-tuned recurrent inputs showed such resonant properties. Therefore, gamma could be a signature of excitation–inhibition balance, which gets disrupted due to discontinuities.
What vaccination rate(s) minimize total societal costs after ’opening up’ to COVID-19? Age-structured SIRM results for the Delta variant in Australia (New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia)
Authors: Chu Long , Grafton R. Quentin , Kompas Tom
Published: June 2022

Using three age-structured, stochastic SIRM models, calibrated to Australian data post July 2021 with community transmission of the Delta variant, we projected possible public health outcomes (daily cases, hospitalisations, ICU beds, ventilators and fatalities) and economy costs for three states: New South Wales (NSW), Victoria (VIC) and Western Australia (WA). NSW and VIC have had on-going community transmission from July 2021 and were in ‘lockdown’ to suppress transmission. WA did not have on-going community transmission nor was it in lockdown at the model start date (October 11th 2021) but did maintain strict state border controls. We projected the public health outcomes and the economic costs of ‘opening up’ (relaxation of lockdowns in NSW and VIC or fully opening the state border for WA) at alternative vaccination rates (70%, 80% and 90%), compared peak patient demand for ICU beds and ventilators to staffed state-level bed capacity, and calculated a ‘preferred’ vaccination rate that minimizes societal costs and that varies by state. We found that the preferred vaccination rate for all states is at least 80% and that the preferred population vaccination rate is increasing with: (1) the effectiveness (infection, hospitalization and fatality) of the vaccine; (2) the lower is the daily lockdown cost; (3) the larger are the public health costs from COVID-19; (4) the higher is the rate of community transmission before opening up; and (5) the less effective are the public health measures after opening up.
Clinical Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from north Queensland carry diverse bimABm genes that are associated with central nervous system disease and are phylogenomically distinct from other Australian strains
Authors: Burnard Delaney , Bauer Michelle J. , Falconer Caitlin , Gassiep Ian , Norton Robert E. , Paterson David L. , Harris Patrick NA
Published: June 2022

Background

Burkholderia pseudomallei is an environmental gram-negative bacterium that causes the disease melioidosis and is endemic in many countries of the Asia-Pacific region. In Australia, the mortality rate remains high at approximately 10%, despite curative antibiotic treatment being available. The bacterium is almost exclusively found in the endemic region, which spans the tropical Northern Territory and North Queensland, with clusters occasionally present in more temperate climates. Despite being endemic to North Queensland, these infections remain understudied compared to those of the Northern Territory.

Methodology/Principal findings

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of central nervous system (CNS) disease associated variant bimABm, identify circulating antimicrobial resistance mutations and genetically distinct strains from Queensland, via comparative genomics. From 76 clinical isolates, we identified the bimABm variant in 20 (26.3%) isolates and in 9 (45%) of the isolates with documented CNS infection (n = 18). Explorative analysis suggests a significant association between isolates carrying the bimABm variant and CNS disease (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3–6.0, P = 0.009) compared with isolates carrying the wildtype bimABp. Furthermore, 50% of isolates were identified as novel multi-locus sequence types, while the bimABm variant was more commonly identified in isolates with novel sequence types, compared to those with previously described. Additionally, mutations associated with acquired antimicrobial resistance were only identified in 14.5% of all genomes.

Conclusions/Significance

The findings of this research have provided clinically relevant genomic data of B. pseudomallei in Queensland and suggest that the bimABm variant may enable risk stratification for the development CNS complications and be a potential therapeutic target.
Assessment of acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine based on the health belief model among Malaysians-A qualitative approach
Authors: Rani Mohd Dzulkhairi Mohd , Mohamed Nurul Azmawati , Solehan Hana Maizuliana , Ithnin Muslimah , Ariffien Abd Rasyid , Isahak Ilina
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Several countries have started mass vaccination programs to halt the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. With an R naught value of 2 to 3, about 70% of the population needs to be immunized to achieve herd immunity. This study aimed to investigate the reasons for acceptance or refusal of COVID-19 vaccines among the Malaysian population.

Methodology

An exploratory, descriptive qualitative design was performed. The cross-sectional survey used a non-probability convenient sampling technique to recruit the respondents, who were required to answer an open-ended question: Either "If you are willing to get the vaccine, please state your reason" or "If you are not willing to get vaccinated, please state your reason." The survey also included questions on demography such as age, gender, and place of residence. According to the Health Belief Model, the data was transcribed, translated, and analyzed: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barrier, and cues for action.

Results

A total of 1091 respondents who completed the online survey comprised 685 (62.8%) females, 406 (37.2%) males, with a mean age of 38.16 (SD = 16.44). The majority (81.1%) were willing to get vaccinated. Thematic analysis showed that most respondents perceived that the vaccine is safe, effective, protective and will provide herd immunity. Barriers to vaccination include unknown long-term side effects, rapid vaccine production, inadequate information and concerns regarding halal status. Cues to vaccination included individual desire, social responsibility, economic concerns and wait-and-see behavior.

Conclusions

The public should be well informed about the vaccine, its efficacy, side effects, and halal status to increase vaccine acceptability and achieve herd immunity.
Host plant specificity of the monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Greenstein Lewis , Steele Christen , Taylor Caz M.
Published: June 2022

The preference-performance hypothesis explains host specificity in phytophagous insects, positing that host plants chosen by adults confer the greatest larval fitness. However, adults sometimes oviposit on plants supporting low larval success because the components of host specificity (adult preference, plant palatability, and larval survival) are non-binary and not necessarily correlated. Palatability (willingness to eat) is governed by chemical cues and physical barriers such as trichomes, while survival (ability to complete development) depends upon nutrition and toxicity. Absence of a correlation between the components of host specificity results in low-performance hosts supporting limited larval development. Most studies of specificity focus on oviposition behavior leaving the importance and basis of palatability and survival under-explored. We conducted a comprehensive review of 127 plant species that have been claimed or tested to be hosts for the monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus to classify them as non-hosts, low performance, or high performance. We performed a meta-analysis to test if performance status could be explained by properties of neurotoxic cardenolides or trichome density. We also conducted a no-choice larval feeding experiment to identify causes of low performance. We identified 34 high performance, 42 low performance, 33 non-hosts, and 18 species with unsubstantiated claims. Mean cardenolide concentration was greater in high- than low-performance hosts and a significant predictor of host status, suggesting possible evolutionary trade-offs in monarch specialization. Other cardenolide properties and trichome density were not significant predictors of host status. In the experiment, we found, of the 62% of larvae that attempted to eat low-performance hosts, only 3.5% survived to adult compared to 85% of those on the high-performance host, demonstrating that multiple factors affect larval host plant specificity. Our study is the first to classify all known host plants for monarchs and has conservation implications for this threatened species.
Morpho-agronomic evaluation of native maize races associated with Mexican tropical climate agroforestry systems
Authors: Hernández-Salinas Gregorio , Toledano-Toledano Filiberto , Pérez-García Maximino , Sánchez-Valera Oscar Valeriano , Ramírez-Rivera Emmanuel de Jesús , Serna-Lagunes Ricardo , Rocandio-Rodríguez Mario , Purroy-Vásquez Rubén , Fernández-López Claudia Lorena , López-Morales Fernando , Garduño-Espinosa Juan
Published: June 2022

Maize (Zea mays L.) is native to Mexico, in which wide genetic diversity can be found; however, maize is at risk of genetic erosion, and agroforestry systems (ASs) can be a strategy for conservation and sustainable use of this crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation in the morpho-agronomic characteristics of three native maize races, Tuxpeño, Olotillo × Tuxpeño and Ratón × Tepecintle, cultivated in different AS in a tropical climate of Veracruz, Mexico, as well as its association with microclimatic conditions. In 2019, experiments were established in the localities La Gloria and La Luisa, Veracruz, where the three maize races are cultivated, in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme (three native maize races and three AS arrrays, plus monoculture). Ten morpho-agronomic variables were recorded in each experiment and were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA; Tukey’s post-hoc test, all p ≤ 0.05) and principal component analysis (PCA). Six morpho-agronomic characteristics showed significant differences for the race × system interaction. Consistently standing out both in the Myroxylon with 2.8 m × 2.0 arrays and in the monoculture was the Olotillo × Tuxpeño race, as there were no variations (p ≥ 0.05) in 50% of its morpho-agronomic characteristics. The first three PCs explained 87.7% of the cumulative variance, determined by five variables of the ears, three of the grain and plant height, which were associated with temperature; therefore, the microclimatic conditions of the studied ASs are associated with the morpho-agronomic characteristics of the native maize races. The results show that ASs could be a strategy for the conservation and use of native corn germplasm and could allow the diversification of sustainable production for rural farmers.
A dose-finding safety and feasibility study of oral activated charcoal and its effects on the gut microbiota in healthy volunteers not receiving antibiotics
Authors: Rashidi Armin , Karuppiah Sathappan , Ebadi Maryam , Shanley Ryan , Khoruts Alexander , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Staley Christopher
Published: June 2022

Oral activated charcoal (OAC), a potent adsorbent with no systemic absorption, has been used for centuries to treat poisoning. Recent studies have suggested its potential efficacy in protecting the colonic microbiota against detrimental effects of antibiotics. In a dose-finding safety and feasibility clinical trial, 12 healthy volunteers not receiving antibiotics drank 4 different preparations made of 2 possible OAC doses (12 or 25 grams) mixed in 2 possible solutions (water or apple juice), 3 days a week for 2 weeks. Pre- and post-OAC stool samples underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing and exact amplicon sequence variants were used to characterize the colonic microbiota. The preferred preparation was 12 grams of OAC in apple juice, with excellent safety and tolerability. OAC did not influence the gut microbiota in our healthy volunteers. These findings provide the critical preliminary data for future trials of OAC in patients receiving antibiotics.
‘My whole world shifted’: Identity and transformation in becoming-a-fan narratives
Authors: Riddell Kathleen Ann
Published: June 2022

Based on a multi-site ethnography and participant interviews with fans of The Beatles (primarily John Lennon) and Johnny Cash, this article discusses transformational accounts of becoming-a-fan narratives. Fan interviews took place during two intervals: in the fall of 2013 and winter 2014, and in winter and spring 2019. A primary focus is Sandvoss’s conception of the ‘extension of the self’ concerning the object of a fan’s devotion. Extensions of the self operate to reaffirm the fan’s sense of self and inform identification with the celebrity. To clarify this concept, this article considers ‘becoming-a-fan’ narratives as a way to illustrate how the self works in the lives of fans and how a turn towards fan identity helps to refocus a previous emphasis on becoming-a-fan as similar to religious conversion. I argue fans of The Beatles and Cash relate to one or more values embedded in the celebrity and, in combination with socialization to the fan object, transition to a fan identity. Harrington and Bielby’s notion of texistence helps to explain what maintains this identity over the life course. In conclusion, I consider whether this new-found identity reveals an important dynamic about the way people transition to fandom.
‘No one’s a fan of anything anymore, like, this isn’t 2002’: Surveying 7–17-year-olds on being a fan and contemplating the future of fandom
Authors: Booth Paul , Dare-Edwards Helena Louise
Published: June 2022

In fan studies scholarship, the term ‘young fans’ tends to refer to university-age fans, thereby often overlooking school-age children and the meaning of fandom among future generations of fans. While it can be difficult to study children due to issues around access and consent, it is important that we do – they can tell us a lot about not only where fan cultures are right now but also where they might be heading in the future. In this article, we offer the results of a large-scale survey presented to approximately 1700 children aged 7–17. The answers reveal why it is important for media studies scholarship to develop new methods for understanding children’s media consumption behaviours. First, despite the ‘mainstreaming’ of fandom in popular culture, our research evinces that the traditional depictions of fans as ‘unruly’ or ‘obsessive’ persist. And second, these young fans are not viewing themselves as fans of specific objects, but rather as ‘fans’ first and foremost, with the specific object of fandom unstated. Fan studies’ traditional view of fandom as being devoted to one thing needs expansion.
Wagner the gardener: Media as nature and the building of a cult
Authors: Hurst Emilie
Published: June 2022

This article explores why composer Richard Wagner has such a passionate cult following, by employing the ‘family resemblances’ of cult texts identified by Matt Hills and, in the process, uncovers the elemental threads embedded into his work. Taking up John Durham Peters’s call for an elemental approach to media, I argue that Wagner’s treatment of art as nature allowed for the erasure of mediation. By insisting that his products were of an organic nature, he was thus able to keep the spectre of commercialization at bay. In turn, this encouraged the formation of a cult fandom. Finally, I make the case for further study of both fans of high culture and how we might trace the emergence of cultish modes of consumption to the nineteenth century.
Subversión y terror en la nueva narrativa argentina: influencias de lo neofantástico en Mariana Enríquez y Samanta Schweblin
Authors: Quiñones Gámez Claudia
Published: June 2022

El progreso social y los cambios que conciernen a la erradicación del sistema patriarcal en el que se encuentra anquilosada la sociedad han generado notorios cambios en el mundo intelectual, donde la literatura escrita por mujeres y las técnicas y construcción del sujeto femenino cada vez aparecen explicitadas de forma más novedosa en sus obras. El avance en cuanto a estilo y temáticas en el género cuentístico en Latinoamérica, en concreto en Argentina, ha llevado a autoras como Mariana Enríquez y Samanta Schweblin a mostrar una visión ampliada del mundo y la problemática que este encierra a nivel social y político. El cuento de terror y el miedo intersticial que lo compone se desarrolla actualmente a partir de episodios derivados de la política o la maternidad subvertida, tratados en los cuentos de estas desde una óptica neofantástica, corriente estética común a ambas autoras.
Salvador Luis Raggio. Sobre lo mutante: el cuerpo variable contemporáneo y la relativización de la figura del monstruo en la ficción occidental y panhispánica. Berlín: Peter Lang, 2020
Authors: Morales Pino Luz Ainai
Published: June 2022

Reseña de Luz Ainai Morales Pino sobre Sobre lo mutante: el cuerpo variable contemporáneo y la relativización de la figura del monstruo en la ficción occidental y panhispánica. (Peter Lang Publishing, 2020) de Salvador Luis Raggio. 120 p. ISBN: 9783631835371. https://doi.org/10.3726/b17590.
Marta Ortiz Canseco (ed.). Bernardino de Cárdenas. Memorial y relación de cosas muy graves y muy importantes al remedio y aumento del reino del Perú. Berlín: Peter Lang, 2020
Authors: Quispe-Agnoli Rocío
Published: June 2022

Reseña de Rocío Quispe sobre Bernardino de Cárdenas. Memorial y relación de cosasmuy graves y muy importantes al remedio y aumento del reino del Perú (Peter Lang,2020). 160 p. ISBN 978-3-631-82034-6.
Razas, castas y clases en las letras chilenas durante la expansión nacional: la escritura en prensa de Jotabeche, Rosario Orrego, Manuel Concha, Iris y Ga Verra
Authors: Arre Marfull Montserrat Nicole
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo realiza una comparación entre varios textos que se publicaron en diversos medios periódicos, tanto de tipo prosa histórico-ficcional como de tipo periodístico-ensayístico, en las ciudades chilenas de Copiapó, La Serena, Valparaíso y Santiago entre mediados del siglo xix y la primera mitad del xx. Analizaremos principalmente las permanencias de las ideas observables en este siglo fundacional de lo nacional. Seguiremos las nociones que surgen respecto de las clases, razas, castas o de conceptos adyacentes como civilización o nación en estos textos a través de dos ejes: representaciones de indios, negros y mulatos, y la crítica social/diferencias sociales y abuso de poder. La hipótesis de la investigación es que, si bien dichos autores y autoras son de distintas clases sociales y diversas ciudades de origen, existe cierta continuidad y relación en la comprensión de las diferencias  socio-raciales, que obedecería a constructos nacional-republicanos de mayor alcance, que cubren toda la experiencia escritural de la época.
Celia de Aldama Ordóñez (ed.). Colombia y la guerra civil española. La voz de los intelectuales. Madrid: Calambur, 2021.
Authors: Cancino Vázquez Arlett
Published: June 2022

Reseña de Arlett Cancino sobre Colombia y la guerra civil española. La voz de los intelectuales (Calambur, 2021) de Marta Ortiz Canseco (ed.). 550 p. ISBN: 9788483594872.
La madre no normativa en "Los ingrávidos", de Valeria Luiselli, "La perra", de Pilar Quintana y "Casas vacías", de Brenda Navarro
Authors: Leonardo-Loayza Richard Angelo
Published: June 2022

La narrativa latinoamericana de los últimos veinte años presenta una serie de cambios importantes, entre lo que destaca la maternidad como una de sus principales temáticas. Pero, no se habla de esta experiencia en términos de exaltación, sino que se la somete a una serie de cuestionamientos, poniendo en duda si se trata de una práctica que desarrollan naturalmente las mujeres cuando llegan a ser madres. El presente artículo pretende demostrar que en esta narrativa aparece un personaje social recurrente: la madre no normativa, entendida como aquel individuo femenino que no puede o no quiere seguir los mandatos que la sociedad le impone a las mujeres para ser reconocidas como madres. Para lograrnuestro objetivo analizaremos tres novelas fundamentales que pertenecen a dicho corpus: Los ingrávidos (2011), de Valeria Luiselli, La perra (2017), de Pilar Quintana, y Casas vacías (2020), de Brenda Navarro.
Characterization of pain in the first two weeks after tonsillectomy in children 3 to 8 years old. A pilot study.
Authors: Granados-Sitges Juan Manuel , Ramírez-Rosa Alex , Granell José , Hernández-Calvín Javier
Published: June 2022

Introduction and objective: To study the pain in children is a challenge. Tonsillectomy is a very common and painful surgical procedure in which there are still barriers to warrant an adequate pain management. The purpose of this study is to characterize the pain after surgery in children between 3 and 8 years-old who underwent tonsillectomy.

Method: We performed a descriptive, observational and prospective study in children aged 3 to 8 who underwent tonsillectomy. The data collection was made through a pain questionnaire based in the intensity of pain from 0-10 in the Wong Baker scale (based on drawn faces). Parents also fulfilled other questions about the days that the children could not attend the school and the working days that the parents themselves lost. The analgesic treatment that each child received was also recorded.

Results: Twenty-nine patient were included, 14 girls and 15 boys with a median age of 4. The highest level of pain was found the second day with a median value of 3,0. This second day was so chosen to compare the level of pain between indications. The median pain was 3,0 when it was for obstructive disease, but 4,0 when obstruction was associated with facial growth disorders. Children lost a median of 8 days at school and their parents 2 days at work each one.

Discussion: Our limited data suggest that the long-term side effects of the upper airway obstruction due to tonsillar hypertrophy like disorders of facial growth made the surgery more painful and that the pain had in our environment a greater impact in patients and their parents lifes. It appears to be important to stablish a scheduled analgesic treatment for the first 10 days after surgery.
Genetic characterization and distribution of the virus in chicken embryo tissues infected with Newcastle disease virus isolated from commercial and native chickens in Indonesia
Authors: Angeliya Liza , Kristianingrum Yuli Purwandari , Asmara Widya , Wibowo Michael Haryadi
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) is a viral infectious disease that affects commercial and native chickens, resulting in economic losses to the poultry industry. This study aimed to examine the viral strains circulating in commercial and native chickens by genetic characterization and observe the distribution of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in chicken embryonic tissue.

Materials and Methods: ND was detected using a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Genetic characterization of the fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) genes from the eight NDVs was performed using specific primers. The sequence was compared with that of other NDVs from GenBank and analyzed using the MEGA-X software. The distribution of NDV in chicken embryos was analyzed based on lesions and the immunopositivity in immunohistochemistry staining.

Results: Based on F gene characterization, velogenic NDV strains circulating in commercial and native chickens that showed varying clinical symptoms belonged to genotype VII.2. Lentogenic strains found in chickens without clinical symptoms were grouped into genotype II (unvaccinated native chickens) and genotype I (vaccinated commercial chickens). Amino acid variations in the HN gene, namely, the neutralization epitope and antigenic sites at positions 263 and 494, respectively, occurred in lentogenic strains. The NDV reaches the digestive and respiratory organs, but in lentogenic NDV does not cause significant damage, and hence embryo death does not occur.

Conclusion: This study showed that velogenic and lentogenic NDV strains circulated in both commercial and native chickens with varying genotypes. The virus was distributed in almost all organs, especially digestive and respiratory. Organ damage in lentogenic infection is not as severe as in velogenic NDV. Further research is needed to observe the distribution of NDV with varying pathogenicity in chickens.
First study of in vitro protective effect of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on frozen–thawed bovine spermatozoa
Authors: Leiva-Revilla Johanna , Rolón Miriam , Siyadatpanah Abolghasem , Pereira Maria de Lourdes , Nissapatorn Veeranoot
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim: Lepidium meyenii Walp (Maca) is an herbaceous plant that grows in the Peruvian Andes and it has been widely used as a nutritional supplement and fertility enhancer and has been used in the treatment of a variety of diseases, such as rheumatism, respiratory disorders, and anemia. The most notable feature of Maca is its potent antioxidant capacity, which helps in the scavenging of free radicals and protection of cells from oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of Maca extract on thawed sperm cells from bulls.

Materials and Methods: Three dilutions of 1, 10, and 100 μg/mL of Maca extract were incubated with frozen–thawed bovine semen and analyzed at 1, 3, and 24 h of exposure time, evaluating the activity of the extract on the DNA, motility, morphology, viability, integrity of the membrane and acrosome of spermatozoa.

Results: The Maca extract improved the studied sperm parameters of motility, acrosome integrity, vitality, and DNA integrity of sperm cells at a concentration of 10 –g/mL, and at 1 –g/mL, an improvement was observed in the morphology and integrity of the membrane. However, the best activity of the Maca extract was observed on the DNA integrity of the sperm, which was effective at the three concentrations evaluated after 24 h of incubation.

Conclusion: The results indicate that L. meyenii can help in maintaining spermatozoa cellular integrity after the frozen–thaw process, especially in the protection against DNA fragmentation. Therefore, Maca would be a feasible supplementation to protect sperm to maintain their fertile ability after thawing.
De-marginalising and de-centring film studies in bodies, places and on screens
Authors: Jung Berenike , Marco Derilene
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a multimodal conversation that engages the personal teaching and learning experiences of the authors, Berenike Jung (in London when the conversation started) and Derilene Marco (in Johannesburg). Critically reflecting and engaging through an audio recording and letters, Jung and Marco ask each other about the processes of doing and performing the labour of decolonising film teaching in their respective courses and from different global locations. Keeping in mind the impositions and complexities of the pandemic, Jung and Marco also reflect upon the ways in which colonial posturing occurs in film studies spaces, such as highly visible international film conferences. In doing so, they reflect on how engagements such as these keep many scholars and their scholarship confined to traditional Eurocentric and North American strategies, methods and endorsements of approval and relevance. The piece is conversational and self-aware in its self-referential tone. It is intended that readers listen to parts of the audio if they please, but that they are not compelled to do so to find meaning.
Venir de muchos viajes. Experiencias de movilidad de jóvenes de familias bolivianas en Argentina
Authors: Hendel Verónica , Maggi María Florencia
Published: June 2022

En este artículo abordamos las movilidades territoriales que atraviesan las trayectorias de vida de jóvenes de familias bolivianas con quienes trabajamos en el Gran Buenos Aires y en Córdoba (Argentina). El trabajo etnográfico nos permitió identificar la categoría “viajes” como aquella que es utilizada por los propios jóvenes para nombrar y narrar la multiplicidad de desplazamientos que han realizado en diversos momentos de su vida y durante diferentes periodos temporales. Los viajes emergen en el análisis como una experiencia generacional ligada a la movilidad y a ciertos modos de habitar diversos territorios. Los lazos intergeneracionales también se encuentran presentes y atraviesan aquello que daremos en llamar “viaje umbral”, “viajes sucesivos” y “viajes de visita”. El artículo aporta al debate sobre migraciones y movilidad, recuperando la perspectiva de los jóvenes y proponiendo categorías construidas a la luz del trabajo de campo.
Designing Disorienting Dilemmas in an Online language and Culture Course
Authors: Fehrman Sarah
Published: June 2022

This design case follows the transformation of a language and culture course for first-year international students from face-to face to online. It focuses on creating and managing disorienting dilemmas in an online environment as students are given the opportunity to pursue transformative learning. Design decisions about creating community, course structure, and turning challenges into learning opportunities are investigated through an in-depth look at three weeks of the course. This design case explores the successes, challenges, dilemmas, and what I came to realize—as faculty and designer—through reflecting on the course and how it was transformed.
Verständigung statt Polarisierung
Authors: Maes Jürgen , Kals Elisabeth , Strubel Isabel , Jaudas Mathias
Published: June 2022

In diesem Beitrag werden politische Auseinandersetzungen aus sozialpsychologischer Sicht betrachtet. Dazu wird dem antagonistischen Modell der Polarisierung bzw. einseitiger Interessensdurchsetzung auf primärer Basis von Streben nach Macht das psychologische Modell der Verständigung gegenübergestellt. Letzteres mag auf den ersten Blick „politikfremd“ erscheinen, doch es hat hohes innovatives Potential zur Lösung weltweiter, drängender Probleme, wie der Klimakrise oder der Pandemie. Denn die Lösung all dieser Krisen setzt Solidarität sowie das Bemühen um Verständnis, Ausgleich und kooperative Problemlösungen voraus.
Crime reporting and police controlling: Mobile and web-based approach for information-sharing in Iraq
Authors: Alameri Thamer , Alhilali Ahmed Hazim , Ali Nabeel Salih , Mezaal Jawad Kadhim
Published: June 2022

Crimes are increasing in our society as a serious worldwide issue. Fast reporting of crimes is a significantly important area in anticrime. This problem is visible in Iraq as people avoid information-sharing due to the lack of trust in the security system despite some contact lines between citizens and police in Iraq. Furthermore, there has been a little empirical study in this field. We proposed a multi-approach for crime reporting and police control to address these issues. First, this study has two goals: (1) investigating the adopted method in reporting crimes to police sectors to identify the gap and, (2) developing a mobile application for crime reporting and keeping it undisclosed and exclusive for crime witnesses to report. The approach utilised 200 participants to develop the proposed app. Results have shown that the proposed system can quickly monitor and track criminals based on a cloud-based online database. In addition, the application user will specify certain details to be sent, such as location, case type and time. Other information will be sent directly by the system following the designed algorithm.
Stillbirth aftercare in a tertiary obstetric center – parents’ experiences
Authors: Pekkola Maria , Tikkanen Minna , Loukovaara Mikko , Paavonen Jorma , Stefanovic Vedran
Published: June 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to assess parents’ satisfaction with received care and support when experiencing stillbirth.

Methods

This was a questionnaire survey conducted at Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland during 2016–2020. Separate questionnaires were sent to mothers and partners who had experienced an antepartum singleton stillbirth at or after 22 gestational weeks during 2016–2019. The questionnaire covered five major topics: stillbirth diagnosis, delivery, information on postmortem examinations, aftercare at the ward, and follow-up appointment.

Results

One hundred nineteen letters were sent and 57 (47.9%) of the mothers and 46 (38.7%) of their partners responded. Both mothers and their partners felt well supported during delivery. They were also satisfied with the time holding their newborn. Partners reported even higher satisfaction in this aspect with a significant within-dyad difference (p=0.049). Parents were generally pleased with the support at the ward. However, both groups were less satisfied with social worker counseling (mothers 53.7%, partners 61.0%). The majority felt that the follow-up visit was helpful. Nonetheless, a remarkable proportion felt that the follow-up visit increased their anxiousness (25.9%, 14.0%, p=0.018). Partners rated their mood higher than mothers (p=0.001). Open feedback revealed that the support received after discharge from hospital was often insufficient.

Conclusions

Our study showed that the parents who experience stillbirth in our institution receive mostly adequate care and support during their hospital stay. However, there is room for further training of healthcare professionals and other professionals contributing in stillbirth aftercare.
Variational data assimilation for a sea dynamics model
Authors: Agoshkov Valery , Zalesny Vladimir , Shutyaev Victor , Parmuzin Eugene , Zakharova Natalia
Published: June 2022

The 4D variational data assimilation technique is presented for modelling the sea dynamics problems, developed at the Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INM RAS). The approach is based on the splitting method for the mathematical model of sea dynamics and the minimization of cost functionals related to the observation data by solving an optimality system that involves the adjoint equations and observation and background error covariances. Efficient algorithms for solving the variational data assimilation problems are presented based on iterative processes with a special choice of iterative parameters. The technique is illustrated for the Black Sea dynamics model with variational data assimilation to restore the sea surface heat fluxes.
Automotive mass production of camera systems: Linking image quality to AI performance
Authors: Braun Alexander
Published: June 2022

Artificial intelligence methods based on machine learning or artificial neural networks have become indispensable in camera-based driver assistance systems, and also represent an essential building block for future autonomous driving. However, the great successes of these evaluation methods in environment perception and also driving planning are accompanied by equally great challenges in the validation and verification of these systems. One of the essential aspects for this is the required guaranteed safety of the functions under mass production conditions of the vehicles. This article explains this point of view using a detailed example from the field of camera-based driver assistance systems: the determination of inspection limits at the end of the production line. The camera is one of the most important sensor modalities for vehicle environment sensing and as such, the quality of the camera systems plays a key role in the safety argumentation of the overall system. Several illustrative application examples (role of simulations, calibration, influence of the windshield) will be presented. The basic ideas presented can be well transferred to the other sensor modalities (lidar, radar, ToF, etc.). The investigations/evidence show that doubts are allowed whether or how fast autonomous driving on level L4/5 will take hold as robotaxis or – even more challenging – in private ownership on a larger scale.
Die Heldenreise als therapeutische Methode
Authors: Gripentrog-Schedel Stephanie
Published: June 2022

Im Therapiesektor mehren sich Angebote mit religiösem Bezug. Ein besonders prägnantes Beispiel hierfür ist die Heldenreise. Sie basiert auf der Publikation des Mythenforschers Joseph Campbell, The Hero With a Thousand Faces (1949), und wurde durch den Theaterschauspieler Paul Rebillot in ein gestalttherapeutisches, dem Selbstverständnis nach spirituell ausgerichtetes Gruppenseminar umgewandelt. Inzwischen hat es eine Vielfalt an Ablegern in der Beratungs- und Coachingszene, im Wirtschaftssektor, aber auch im klinischen Bereich. Der Beitrag analysiert anhand dieses religionswissenschaftlich bislang nicht ausgewerteten Beispiels Aspekte der Therapie, der Erzählung, des Rituals und der Körperlichkeit und setzt sie in Bezug zu theoretischen Debatten über religiöse Gegenwartskultur.
Einführung: Normierte Ernährungskonzepte als Thema der Religionswissenschaft
Authors: Albrecht Jörg , Triplett Katja
Published: June 2022

Das Themenfeld Ernährung und Religion ist traditionell von Fragen nach Speisevorschriften, rituellen Speiseopfern und Fastenpraktiken dominiert, hat aber aktuell im Kontext von globalen Nachhaltigkeitsdebatten an neuer Relevanz gewonnen. Die Einführung in den Themenschwerpunkt problematisiert die Bedeutung normierter Ernährungskonzepte für die Religionswissenschaft und gibt einen kursorischen Einblick in Geschichte und Stand der Forschung. Neben einer Typologisierung von Ernährungsnormierungen werden die Forschungen und Ergebnisse des interdisziplinären Verbundprojekts „Nachhaltige Ernährungsstile“ vorgestellt sowie die unterschiedlichen Beiträge im Themenschwerpunkt „Normierte Ernährungskonzepte“ kontextualisiert.