bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Further studies on the diversity of Cylicospirura Vevers, 1922 (Nematoda: Spirocercidae) in African carnivores, with description of a new species
Authors: Junker Kerstin , de Klerk-Lorist Lin-Mari , Foggin Chris , Martin Coralie , Mutafchiev Yasen
Published: May 2024

Cylicospirura Vevers, 1922 is a genus of gastrointestinal spirurid nematodes parasitizing mainly felid but also canid, hyaenid and dasyurid hosts. Presently, 11 species are recognized worldwide, of which 4, Cylicospirura subaequalis, Cylicospirura felinea, Cylicospirura crocutae and Cylicospirura pardalis, have been recorded from African carnivores. In the present study, we describe Cylicospirura phiri n. sp. from hyaenas, namely Crocuta crocuta (type host) in Zimbabwe and Hyaena hyaena in Cameroon. The new species is the second species in the genus with bicuspid teeth. Furthermore, it can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters, such as the absence of accessory teeth, the length and shape of the muscular oesophagus, position of the nerve ring, deirids and excretory pore in relation to the muscular oesophagus, the position of the vulva, spicule length and the shape of the female tail. Additionally, based on new material, detailed morphological descriptions are provided for C. crocutae and C. pardalis whose original descriptions were based on fragmented material. The material from Felis lybica, currently deposited as C. subaequalis, is described as C. felinea. First-time scanning electron micrographs are presented for the 4 species confirmed in African carnivores.
Sex-dependent differences in vulnerability to early risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder: results from the AURORA study
Authors: Haering Stephanie , Seligowski Antonia V. , Linnstaedt Sarah D. , Michopoulos Vasiliki , House Stacey L. , Beaudoin Francesca L. , An Xinming , Neylan Thomas C. , Clifford Gari D. , Germine Laura T. , Rauch Scott L. , Haran John P. , Storrow Alan B. , Lewandowski Christopher , Musey Paul I. , Hendry Phyllis L. , Sheikh Sophia , Jones Christopher W. , Punches Brittany E. , Swor Robert A. , Gentile Nina T. , Hudak Lauren A. , Pascual Jose L. , Seamon Mark J. , Pearson Claire , Peak David A. , Merchant Roland C. , Domeier Robert M. , Rathlev Niels K. , O'Neil Brian J. , Sanchez Leon D. , Bruce Steven E. , Harte Steven E. , McLean Samuel A. , Kessler Ronald C. , Koenen Karestan C. , Stevens Jennifer S. , Powers Abigail
Published: May 2024

Background

Knowledge of sex differences in risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can contribute to the development of refined preventive interventions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine if women and men differ in their vulnerability to risk factors for PTSD.

Methods

As part of the longitudinal AURORA study, 2924 patients seeking emergency department (ED) treatment in the acute aftermath of trauma provided self-report assessments of pre- peri- and post-traumatic risk factors, as well as 3-month PTSD severity. We systematically examined sex-dependent effects of 16 risk factors that have previously been hypothesized to show different associations with PTSD severity in women and men.

Results

Women reported higher PTSD severity at 3-months post-trauma. Z-score comparisons indicated that for five of the 16 examined risk factors the association with 3-month PTSD severity was stronger in men than in women. In multivariable models, interaction effects with sex were observed for pre-traumatic anxiety symptoms, and acute dissociative symptoms; both showed stronger associations with PTSD in men than in women. Subgroup analyses suggested trauma type-conditional effects.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate mechanisms to which men might be particularly vulnerable, demonstrating that known PTSD risk factors might behave differently in women and men. Analyses did not identify any risk factors to which women were more vulnerable than men, pointing toward further mechanisms to explain women's higher PTSD risk. Our study illustrates the need for a more systematic examination of sex differences in contributors to PTSD severity after trauma, which may inform refined preventive interventions.
Lost in translation? Deciphering the role of language differences in the excess risk of psychosis among migrant groups
Authors: Anderson Kelly K. , Khan Jahin Ali , Edwards Jordan , Le Britney , Longobardi Giuseppe , Witt Ivan , Alonso-Sánchez María Francisca , Palaniyappan Lena
Published: May 2024

Background

Migration is a well-established risk factor for psychotic disorders, and migrant language has been proposed as a novel factor that may improve our understanding of this relationship. Our objective was to explore the association between indicators of linguistic distance and the risk of psychotic disorders among first-generation migrant groups.

Methods

Using linked health administrative data, we constructed a retrospective cohort of first-generation migrants to Ontario over a 20-year period (1992–2011). Linguistic distance of the first language was categorized using several approaches, including language family classifications, estimated acquisition time, syntax-based distance scores, and lexical-based distance scores. Incident cases of non-affective psychotic disorder were identified over a 5- to 25-year period. We used Poisson regression to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for each language variable, after adjustment for knowledge of English at arrival and other factors.

Results

Our cohort included 1 863 803 first-generation migrants. Migrants whose first language was in a different language family than English had higher rates of psychotic disorders (IRR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.16), relative to those whose first language was English. Similarly, migrants in the highest quintile of linguistic distance based on lexical similarity had an elevated risk of psychotic disorder (IRR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.06–1.24). Adjustment for knowledge of English at arrival had minimal effect on observed estimates.

Conclusion

We found some evidence that linguistic factors that impair comprehension may play a role in the excess risk of psychosis among migrant groups; however, the magnitude of effect is small and unlikely to fully explain the elevated rates of psychotic disorder across migrant groups.
PP78 Real-World Trends And Medical Costs Of Stroke After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation In Korea: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study
Authors: Jung Sujin , Nam Hyewon , Lim Schezn , Choi Jae H.
Published: May 2024

Introductions

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an established alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for patients with severe aortic stenosis. While procedural advancements have reduced the risk of stroke, stroke remains a serious complication of TAVI. To date, no study has investigated post-TAVI stroke costs in Korea. This study compared medical costs between patients with and without stroke after TAVI.

Methods

This was a retrospective study using claims data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Patients who underwent TAVI in certified hospitals between June 2015 and December 2020 were included; patients with SAVR prior to TAVI were excluded. Patients with postoperative stroke within 30 days of TAVI formed the “Stroke” group; remaining patients formed the “Non-Stroke” group. A generalized linear model with adjustment was used to compare mean medical costs in the first year after TAVI between the two groups. Exchange rate from xe.com (5 December 2022) was applied.

Results

In total, 3,046 TAVI patients were included for analysis (47% male, 85% aged ≥ 75 years). There were 61 (2%) patients in the “Stroke” group and 2,985 (98%) in the “Non-Stroke” group. Compared to the “Non-Stroke” group, the “Stroke” group had significantly higher adjusted mean total first-year medical costs (KRW 25,453,725 (95% confidence interval (CI):15,215,439-42,581,231) (USD 19,640 (95% CI:11,740-32,856)) vs. KRW 19,169,447 (95% CI:11,818,973-31,091,340) (USD 14,791 (95% CI:9,120-23,990)), p < 0.01). Of these costs, 90 percent (“Stroke”) and 84 percent (“Non-Stroke”) were hospitalization-related (“Stroke” vs. “Non-Stroke”: KRW 6,847,975 (USD 5,284); p < 0.01); the remainder were outpatient costs. Predictors of total medical costs were gender; hospital type; prior chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; prior diabetes; prior stroke; and postoperative stroke.

Conclusions

In Korea, TAVI patients with stroke had higher first-year medical costs compared to those without stroke, driven by hospitalization costs. Stroke poses an immediate, heavy economic burden on healthcare systems. Longer-term (e.g., caregiver, rehabilitation) costs were not captured in this analysis; future studies are needed to provide supplementary evidence on the total economic burden of stroke.
Living in the edge: large terrestrial mammal and bird species traits and the ability to cope with extreme environmental conditions and human disturbance in a tropical dry forest in Colombia
Authors: Montes-Rojas Andrés , Hernández-Rodríguez Juan S. , Galvis Nelson F. , Link Andres
Published: May 2024

Tropical drylands are characterized by extreme environmental conditions that, coupled with anthropogenic habitat degradation, can limit the occurrence of native species. Species that are most sensitive to these pressures may be prone to disappear in the context of climate change. In this study, we evaluated the influence of environmental and anthropogenic variables on the occurrence of large mammals and birds at the Tatacoa Desert, an arid region in central Colombia. We tested the relationship between the magnitude of the species’ responses to environmental, human-related variables and to body mass, and percentage of carnivory. Overall, we found a positive association between forest cover and the occupancy of the largest mammals (> 8kg), negative associations between solar radiation and human footprint with individual species occupancy, and a positive association of species occupancy with distance to touristic sites. Our results suggest that the largest and/or more carnivore species may be affected positively by forest cover and negatively by intense solar radiation highlighting the consequences of the increasing process of desertification on large mammals and birds at the upper Magdalena River basin of Colombia under the current scenario of global climate change.
Multidimensional profiles of head start preschoolers’ moral self-concept predict subsequent, but not concurrent, aggression
Authors: Gahtan Jamie , Baker Erin Ruth , Huang Rong , Salim Sumaita Binta , Park Sojung
Published: May 2024

The moral self-concept (MSC) describes how children view themselves as moral agents. Research suggests that the MSC may relate to moral behavior, yet little is known about how MSC relates to moral behavior in preschoolers. One hundred six low-income children (M
age
= 52.78 months, SD = 6.61 months) and their teachers participated in this study. In the fall, children completed a MSC puppet task measure. In the fall and spring, teachers reported via children’s survey prosocial behavior and aggressive behavior. We used a person-centered approach to identify profiles of MSC, which revealed two profiles of behavior: comforting prosocials and helpful aggressors. Comforting prosocials showed a moderate preference for comforting, a slight preference for helping, and a slight preference for avoiding aggression. Helpful aggressors had a moderate aversion to comforting, a strong preference for helping, and a slight preference for aggressive behavior. Subsequent analysis of covariance analysis revealed that MSC profiles did not differ in concurrent behavior but did differ in behavior 6 months later. The comforting prosocial group participated in more aggression than the helpful aggressors. Additionally, analysis of covariance analysis of change in aggression scores over time showed that comforting prosocials aggression increased, while helpful aggressors aggression decreased. Both groups over time decreased in prosocial behavior, but to different degrees. Overall, findings reveal that the MSC in preschoolers may relate to future not concurrent moral behavior.
Two different language ideologies and conflicting representations of China in Chinese Mandarin andHanja
Authors: Choi Hyungkwon
Published: May 2024

This article demonstrates the ambivalent sentiments of Koreans toward China as represented by the ideological construction ofHanja(traditional Chinese characters) and Chinese Mandarin embodied in Korean media. Adopting discourse analysis to examine what is described by different language ideologies, this article investigates language discourses concerningHanjaand Mandarin, locating the former mainly within linguistic nationalism and the latter within linguistic instrumentalism. This article puts forth two suggestions. First, investigating linguistic nationalism in relation to the use ofHanjanot only displays negative and antagonistic attitudes toward China and the use ofHanjaas an embodiment of humiliating historical experiences but also shows ambiguity, fluidity, and vulnerability of Korean national identity. Second, in contrast toHanja, Koreans' heated enthusiasm to learn Mandarin shows their affection for China as a global market and becomes intertwined with linguistic instrumentalism, embodying an articulation of neoliberalism by reproducing structures of inequality.
Local rivalries, foreign entanglements: the role of domestic politics in Cambodia's Chinese embrace
Authors: Strangio Sebastian , Li Mingjiang , Li Xirui
Published: May 2024

No country in Southeast Asia is as close to China as Cambodia is at present. Under Hun Sen's leadership, Cambodia has actively participated in the Belt and Road Initiative and repeatedly blocked ASEAN's statements on the South China Sea (SCS). How can we better understand Cambodia's embrace of China? We argue that Hun Sen chose to embrace China due to the convergence of challenges posed by Cambodia's domestic opposition forces and international democratic pressures. The more severe the domestic political challenges, the more Hun Sen and his ruling party need China's support. Since Hun Sen remains the most powerful figure in Cambodia despite his recent resignation as prime minister, whether Cambodia's dependence on China can be altered depends on the ability of the West to modify its approach and attitude toward Hun Sen, his successor, and their domestic opponents. Nevertheless, regardless of how the future unfolds, domestic politics is likely to play an important role in Cambodia's foreign alignments in the foreseeable future.
Managers’ Traditional Gender Role Attitudes
Authors: Stöcker Anna-Katharina , Gauglitz Iris Katharina , Schütz Astrid
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Our study investigated gender role attitudes in narcissism. Using a representative data set ( N = 2,850) from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) in Germany, we examined how two narcissism dimensions (i.e., admiration and rivalry) are related to managers’ gender role attitudes. We also expected that having a daughter is related to less traditional gender role attitudes (daughter effect) and tested whether having a daughter moderates the link between rivalry and traditional gender role attitudes, especially in fathers. Overall, as expected, admiration was negatively and rivalry positively related to traditional gender role attitudes. We also found partial support for the daughter effect.
Telecom Fibers Are Sensing Earthquake Hazards in Istanbul
Authors: Bowden Daniel , Bozdag Ebru , Shaikhsulaiman Ali , Fichtner Andreas , Konca �zg�n
Published: May 2024

A fiber-optic cable below T�rkiye’s earthquake-prone metropolis is offering new details about how seismic waves will rattle the city—and demonstrating the potential of a bigger monitoring effort.
Light People: Professor Fanglin Bao and his cover story
Authors: Wang Ji
Published: May 2024

Editorial

Qu Yuan, a renowned ancient Chinese poet, once pondered in his work Heavenly Inquiry: “If the sun’s light is absent, from where does the radiance of the Hero Flower emanate?” The ability to see clearly in the darkest of nights has long been a sought-after magical power by humans. It holds not only immense technological significance for computer vision and remote sensing but also profound implications for transcending the dichotomy between day and night in our daily lives. Professor Fanglin Bao from Westlake University has made significant breakthroughs in this field, bringing us closer to a world where we can transform night into day. His groundbreaking research on Heat-Assisted Detection and Ranging (HADAR) and night vision was featured as the cover story in Nature on July 26, 2023.

For this issue of “Light People”, Professor Fanglin Bao will share his research journey and the captivating story behind HADAR.
Revealing the mechanism and function underlying pairwise temporal coupling in collective motion
Authors: Amichay Guy , Li Liang , Nagy Máté , Couzin Iain D.
Published: May 2024

Coordinated motion in animal groups has predominantly been studied with a focus on spatial interactions, such as how individuals position and orient themselves relative to one another. Temporal aspects have, by contrast, received much less attention. Here, by studying pairwise interactions in juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio)—including using immersive volumetric virtual reality (VR) with which we can directly test models of social interactions in situ—we reveal that there exists a rhythmic out-of-phase (i.e., an alternating) temporal coordination dynamic. We find that reciprocal (bi-directional) feedback is both necessary and sufficient to explain this emergent coupling. Beyond a mechanistic understanding, we find, both from VR experiments and analysis of freely swimming pairs, that temporal coordination considerably improves spatial responsiveness, such as to changes in the direction of motion of a partner. Our findings highlight the synergistic role of spatial and temporal coupling in facilitating effective communication between individuals on the move.
Drug screening on digital microfluidics for cancer precision medicine
Authors: Zhai Jiao , Liu Yingying , Ji Weiqing , Huang Xinru , Wang Ping , Li Yunyi , Li Haoran , Wong Ada Hang-Heng , Zhou Xiong , Chen Ping , Wang Lianhong , Yang Ning , Chen Chi , Chen Haitian , Mak Pui-In , Deng Chu-Xia , Martins Rui , Yang Mengsu , Ho Tsung-Yi , Yi Shuhong , Yao Hailong , Jia Yanwei
Published: May 2024

Drug screening based on in-vitro primary tumor cell culture has demonstrated potential in personalized cancer diagnosis. However, the limited number of tumor cells, especially from patients with early stage cancer, has hindered the widespread application of this technique. Hence, we developed a digital microfluidic system for drug screening using primary tumor cells and established a working protocol for precision medicine. Smart control logic was developed to increase the throughput of the system and decrease its footprint to parallelly screen three drugs on a 4 × 4 cm2 chip in a device measuring 23 × 16 × 3.5 cm3. We validated this method in an MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenograft mouse model and liver cancer specimens from patients, demonstrating tumor suppression in mice/patients treated with drugs that were screened to be effective on individual primary tumor cells. Mice treated with drugs screened on-chip as ineffective exhibited similar results to those in the control groups. The effective drug identified through on-chip screening demonstrated consistency with the absence of mutations in their related genes determined via exome sequencing of individual tumors, further validating this protocol. Therefore, this technique and system may promote advances in precision medicine for cancer treatment and, eventually, for any disease.
General synthesis of ionic-electronic coupled two-dimensional materials
Authors: Xu Xiang , Chen Yunxin , Liu Pengbin , Luo Hao , Li Zexin , Li Dongyan , Wang Haoyun , Song Xingyu , Wu Jinsong , Zhou Xing , Zhai Tianyou
Published: May 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) AMX2 compounds are a family of mixed ionic and electronic conductors (where A is a monovalent metal ion, M is a trivalent metal, and X is a chalcogen) that offer a fascinating platform to explore intrinsic coupled ionic-electronic properties. However, the synthesis of 2D AMX2 compounds remains challenging due to their multielement characteristics and various by-products. Here, we report a separated-precursor-supply chemical vapor deposition strategy to manipulate the chemical reactions and evaporation of precursors, facilitating the successful fabrication of 20 types of 2D AMX2 flakes. Notably, a 10.4 nm-thick AgCrS2 flake shows superionic behavior at room temperature, with an ionic conductivity of 192.8 mS/cm. Room temperature ferroelectricity and reconfigurable positive/negative photovoltaic currents have been observed in CuScS2 flakes. This study not only provides an effective approach for the synthesis of multielement 2D materials with unique properties, but also lays the foundation for the exploration of 2D AMX2 compounds in electronic, optoelectronic, and neuromorphic devices.
Integrating cryo-OrbiSIMS with computational modelling and metadynamics simulations enhances RNA structure prediction at atomic resolution
Authors: Ward Shannon , Childs Alex , Staley Ceri , Waugh Christopher , Watts Julie A. , Kotowska Anna M. , Bhosale Rahul , Borkar Aditi N.
Published: May 2024

The 3D architecture of RNAs governs their molecular interactions, chemical reactions, and biological functions. However, a large number of RNAs and their protein complexes remain poorly understood due to the limitations of conventional structural biology techniques in deciphering their complex structures and dynamic interactions. To address this limitation, we have benchmarked an integrated approach that combines cryogenic OrbiSIMS, a state-of-the-art solid-state mass spectrometry technique, with computational methods for modelling RNA structures at atomic resolution with enhanced precision. Furthermore, using 7SK RNP as a test case, we have successfully determined the full 3D structure of a native RNA in its apo, native and disease-remodelled states, which offers insights into the structural interactions and plasticity of the 7SK complex within these states. Overall, our study establishes cryo-OrbiSIMS as a valuable tool in the field of RNA structural biology as it enables the study of challenging, native RNA systems.
Artificial intelligence enables precision diagnosis of cervical cytology grades and cervical cancer
Authors: Wang Jue , Yu Yunfang , Tan Yujie , Wan Huan , Zheng Nafen , He Zifan , Mao Luhui , Ren Wei , Chen Kai , Lin Zhen , He Gui , Chen Yongjian , Chen Ruichao , Xu Hui , Liu Kai , Yao Qinyue , Fu Sha , Song Yang , Chen Qingyu , Zuo Lina , Wei Liya , Wang Jin , Ouyang Nengtai , Yao Herui
Published: May 2024

Cervical cancer is a significant global health issue, its prevalence and prognosis highlighting the importance of early screening for effective prevention. This research aimed to create and validate an artificial intelligence cervical cancer screening (AICCS) system for grading cervical cytology. The AICCS system was trained and validated using various datasets, including retrospective, prospective, and randomized observational trial data, involving a total of 16,056 participants. It utilized two artificial intelligence (AI) models: one for detecting cells at the patch-level and another for classifying whole-slide image (WSIs). The AICCS consistently showed high accuracy in predicting cytology grades across different datasets. In the prospective assessment, it achieved an area under curve (AUC) of 0.947, a sensitivity of 0.946, a specificity of 0.890, and an accuracy of 0.892. Remarkably, the randomized observational trial revealed that the AICCS-assisted cytopathologists had a significantly higher AUC, specificity, and accuracy than cytopathologists alone, with a notable 13.3% enhancement in sensitivity. Thus, AICCS holds promise as an additional tool for accurate and efficient cervical cancer screening.
Unveiling unique clinical phenotypes of hip fracture patients and the temporal association with cardiovascular events
Authors: Hsu Warrington W. Q. , Zhang Xiaowen , Sing Chor-Wing , Tan Kathryn C. B. , Wong Ian Chi-Kei , Lau Wallis C. Y. , Cheung Ching-Lung
Published: May 2024

Cardiovascular events are the leading cause of death among hip fracture patients. This study aims to identify subphenotypes of hip fracture patients and investigate their association with incident cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality, and health service utilisation in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom populations. By the latent class analysis, we show three distinct clusters in the Hong Kong cohort (n = 78,417): Cluster 1 has cerebrovascular and hypertensive diseases, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes; Cluster 2 has congestive heart failure; Cluster 3 consists of relatively healthy patients. Compared to Cluster 3, higher risks of major adverse cardiovascular events are observed in Cluster 1 (hazard ratio 1.97, 95% CI 1.83 to 2.12) and Cluster 2 (hazard ratio 4.06, 95% CI 3.78 to 4.35). Clusters 1 and 2 are also associated with a higher risk of mortality, more unplanned accident and emergency visits and longer hospital stays. Self-controlled case series analysis shows a significantly elevated risk of major adverse cardiovascular events within 60 days post-hip fracture. Similar associations are observed in the United Kingdom cohort (n = 27,948). Pre-existing heart failure is identified as a unique subphenotype associated with poor prognosis after hip fractures.
BRAIN - Holocene archaeo-data for assessing plant-cultural diversity in Italy and other Mediterranean regions
Authors: Mercuri Anna Maria , Clò Eleonora , Zappa Jessica , Bosi Giovanna , Furia Elisa , Ricucci Cristina , Di Lena Matteo , Camerini Federico , Florenzano Assunta
Published: May 2024

In the field of botany applied to archaeological and palaeoecological studies, the multi- and inter-disciplinary nature of this research produces a lack of data sharing and scattered articles in the specialty literature or in national and international journals. The vast production of archaeobotany and palynology data makes it necessary to develop a tool for the availability, accessibility, and dissemination of existing research. Many databases exist on palaeoecology, archaeobotany or pollen data. There are no collections focused on archaeological sites and human-induced environments and centred on Southern Europe and the Mediterranean. BRAIN - Botanical Records of Archaeobotany Italian Network is the first database listing sites from which all types of plant records are available in Italy and nearby Mediterranean regions. BRAIN represents the largest integrated collection of archaeo/palaeo-botanical data and a range of descriptive information that makes data recovery FAIR ready. This unique network hosts data on the availability of anthropogenic pollen, palynomorphs and plant macroremains in the same database, and experts of different research fields may contribute to it.
Smart device interest, perceived usefulness, and preferences in rural Alabama seniors
Authors: Anderson Monica
Published: May 2024

Limited data exist on the preferences for smart home devices in rural Americans. We examined the interest, usefulness, and pleasantness of various smart home interfaces and determined whether they differed by ethnicity, rurality, age, and gender. A total of 118 older adults living in the rural Deep South completed a survey instrument that assessed interest in various smart home applications and was queried about the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of screen, voice, and robot interfaces in 7 distinct scenarios. Personality data was collected via the Big Five Inventory. Technology readiness was measured using a technological readiness instrument. Participants were primarily female (81%), rural (76%), African American (69%), and aged 65-74 years old (51%). Participants were recruited from a total of 5 cities in West Alabama within the Black Belt. Data was collected before COVID-19 (July 2018 through July 2019).
Machine learning models for predicting early hemorrhage progression in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Lee Heui Seung , Kim Ji Hee , Son Jiye , Park Hyeryun , Choi Jinwook
Published: May 2024

This study explores the progression of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). It aims to predict the risk of ICH progression using initial CT scans and identify clinical factors associated with this progression. A retrospective analysis of TBI patients between January 2010 and December 2021 was performed, focusing on initial CT evaluations and demographic, comorbid, and medical history data. ICH was categorized into intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), petechial hemorrhage (PH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Within our study cohort, we identified a 22.2% progression rate of ICH among 650 TBI patients. The Random Forest algorithm identified variables such as petechial hemorrhage (PH) and countercoup injury as significant predictors of ICH progression. The XGBoost algorithm, incorporating key variables identified through SHAP values, demonstrated robust performance, achieving an AUC of 0.9. Additionally, an individual risk assessment diagram, utilizing significant SHAP values, visually represented the impact of each variable on the risk of ICH progression, providing personalized risk profiles. This approach, highlighted by an AUC of 0.913, underscores the model’s precision in predicting ICH progression, marking a significant step towards enhancing TBI patient management through early identification of ICH progression risks.
Unveiling excitons in two-dimensional $$\beta$$-pnictogens
Authors: Guassi Marcos R. , Besse Rafael , Piotrowski Maurício J. , C. Rêgo Celso R. , Guedes-Sobrinho Diego , da Rosa Andréia Luisa , Cavalheiro Dias Alexandre
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we investigate the optical, electronic, vibrational, and excitonic properties of four two-dimensional $$\beta$$
β
-pnictogen materials—nitrogenene, phosphorene, arsenene, and antimonene—via density functional theory calculations and the Bethe–Salpeter equation. These materials possess indirect gaps with significant exciton binding energies, demonstrating isotropic behavior under circular light polarization and anisotropic behavior under linear polarization by absorbing light within the visible solar spectrum (except for nitrogenene). Furthermore, we observed that Raman frequencies red-shift in heavier pnictogen atoms aligning with experimental observations; simultaneously, quasi-particle effects notably influence the linear optical response intensively. These monolayers’ excitonic effects lead to optical band gaps optimized for solar energy harvesting, positioning them as promising candidates for advanced optoelectronic device applications.
Shaping the energy curves of a servomotor-based hexapod robot
Authors: Brodoline Ilya , Sauvageot Emilie , Viollet Stéphane , Serres Julien R.
Published: May 2024

The advantageous versatility of hexapod robots is often accompanied by high power consumption, while animals have evolved an energy efficient locomotion. However, there are a lack of methods able to compare and apply animals’ energetic optimizations to robots. In this study, we applied our method to a full servomotor-based hexapod robot to evaluate its energetic performance. Using an existing framework based on the laws of thermodynamics, we estimated four metrics using a dedicated test bench and a simulated robotic leg. We analyzed the characteristics of a single leg to shape the energetic profile of the full robot to a given task. Energy saving is improved by 10% through continuous duty factor adjustment with a 192% increase in power maximization. Moreover, adjusting the robot’s velocity by the step length and associating this with gait switching, reduces the power loss by a further 10% at low-speed locomotion. However, unlike in animals, only one unique optimal operating point has been revealed, which is a disadvantage caused by the low energetic efficiency of servomotor-based hexapods. Thus, these legged robots are severely limited in their capacity to optimally adjust their locomotion to various tasks—a counter-intuitive conclusion for a supposedly versatile robot.
Assessment of heavy oil recovery mechanisms using in-situ synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Mehrooz Nafiseh , Gharibshahi Reza , Jafari Arezou , Shadan Behrad , Delavari Hamid , Sadeghnejad Saeid
Published: May 2024

This project investigated the impact of low-temperature, in-situ synthesis of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles on various aspects of oil recovery mechanisms, including changes in oil viscosity, alterations in reservoir rock wettability, and the resulting oil recovery factor. The nanoparticles were synthesized using a microemulsion procedure and subjected to various characterization analyses. Subsequently, these synthesized nanoparticles were prepared and injected into a glass micromodel, both in-situ and ex-situ, to evaluate their effectiveness. The study also examined the movement of the injected fluid within the porous media. The results revealed that the synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles exhibited a remarkable capability at low temperatures to reduce crude oil viscosity by 28% and to lighten the oil. Furthermore, the addition of CeO2 nanoparticles to the base fluid (water) led to a shift in the wettability of the porous medium, resulting in a significant reduction in the oil drop angle from 140° to 20°. Even a minimal presence of CeO2 nanoparticles (0.1 wt%) in water increased the oil production factor from 29 to 42%. This enhancement became even more pronounced at a concentration of 0.5 wt%, where the oil production factor reached 56%. Finally, it was found that the in-situ injection, involving the direct synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles within the reservoir using precursor salts solution and reservoir energy, led to an 11% enhancement in oil production efficiency compared to the ex-situ injection scenario, where the nanofluid is prepared outside the reservoir and then injected into it.
Replication stress as a driver of cellular senescence and aging
Authors: Herr Lauren M. , Schaffer Ethan D. , Fuchs Kathleen F. , Datta Arindam , Brosh Robert M.
Published: May 2024

Replication stress refers to slowing or stalling of replication fork progression during DNA synthesis that disrupts faithful copying of the genome. While long considered a nexus for DNA damage, the role of replication stress in aging is under-appreciated. The consequential role of replication stress in promotion of organismal aging phenotypes is evidenced by an extensive list of hereditary accelerated aging disorders marked by molecular defects in factors that promote replication fork progression and operate uniquely in the replication stress response. Additionally, recent studies have revealed cellular pathways and phenotypes elicited by replication stress that align with designated hallmarks of aging. Here we review recent advances demonstrating the role of replication stress as an ultimate driver of cellular senescence and aging. We discuss clinical implications of the intriguing links between cellular senescence and aging including application of senotherapeutic approaches in the context of replication stress.
Shoreline retreat and beach nourishment are projected to increase in Southern California
Authors: Amrouni Oula , Heggy Essam , Hzami Abderraouf
Published: May 2024

Sandy beaches in Southern California are experiencing rising coastal erosion due to changes in precipitation patterns and urban growth. As a result, beach nourishment is necessary for mitigation. In our study, we forecast the rates of shoreline retreat and the required volumes of sand nourishment to mitigate it for the coming decades. We employ photogrammetric multi-decadal shoreline positioning and Digital Shoreline Analysis System methods to measure and predict the coastal evolution of the Gulf of Santa Catalina in Southern California. This region is hypothesized to be globally representative of other semi-arid sandy coasts facing similar hydroclimatic and anthropogenic challenges. Our findings indicate that Southern California’s shoreline retreat rates for sandy beaches will increase from the present average value of ~−1.45 to −2.12 meters per year in 2050 and to −3.18 meters per year in 2100. Consequently, the annual volume of sand required for beach nourishment could triple by 2050, increasing from the present-day amount of ~1223 to ~3669 cubic meters per year per kilometer. However, the associated cost for this nourishment will grow five times, exacerbating several coastal communities’ economic and logistical pressures. Similar trends are emerging globally, with semi-arid developing nations already grappling with coastal hazards and may struggle to manage the escalating costs of curbing beach nourishment.
Evidence of direct and indirect reciprocity in network-structured economic games
Authors: Redhead Daniel , Gervais Matthew , Kajokaite Kotrina , Koster Jeremy , Hurtado Manyoma Arlenys , Hurtado Manyoma Danier , McElreath Richard , Ross Cody T.
Published: May 2024

Formal theoretical models propose that cooperative networks can be maintained when individuals condition behavior on social standing. Here, we empirically examine the predictions of such models of positive and negative indirect reciprocity using a suite of network-structured economic games in four rural Colombian communities (Nind = 496 individuals, Nobs = 53,876 ratings/transfers). We observe that, at a dyadic-level, individuals have a strong tendency to exploit and punish others in bad standing (e.g., those perceived as selfish), and allocate resources to those in good standing (e.g., those perceived as generous). These dyadic findings scale to a more generalized, community level, where reputations for being generous are associated with receipt of allocations, and reputations for being selfish are associated with receipt of punishment. These empirical results illustrate the roles that both positive and negative reciprocity, and costly punishment, play in sustaining community-wide cooperation networks.
Circadian regulation of macromolecular complex turnover and proteome renewal
Authors: Seinkmane Estere , Edmondson Anna , Peak-Chew Sew Y , Zeng Aiwei , Rzechorzek Nina M , James Nathan R , West James , Munns Jack , Wong David CS , Beale Andrew D , O’Neill John S
Published: May 2024

Although costly to maintain, protein homeostasis is indispensable for normal cellular function and long-term health. In mammalian cells and tissues, daily variation in global protein synthesis has been observed, but its utility and consequences for proteome integrity are not fully understood. Using several different pulse-labelling strategies, here we gain direct insight into the relationship between protein synthesis and abundance proteome-wide. We show that protein degradation varies in-phase with protein synthesis, facilitating rhythms in turnover rather than abundance. This results in daily consolidation of proteome renewal whilst minimising changes in composition. Coupled rhythms in synthesis and turnover are especially salient to the assembly of macromolecular protein complexes, particularly the ribosome, the most abundant species of complex in the cell. Daily turnover and proteasomal degradation rhythms render cells and mice more sensitive to proteotoxic stress at specific times of day, potentially contributing to daily rhythms in the efficacy of proteasomal inhibitors against cancer. Our findings suggest that circadian rhythms function to minimise the bioenergetic cost of protein homeostasis through temporal consolidation of protein turnover.
Calibrated confidence learning for large-scale real-time crash and severity prediction
Authors: Islam Md Rakibul , Wang Dongdong , Abdel-Aty Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Real-time crash and severity prediction is a complex task, and there is no existing framework to predict crash likelihood and severity together. Creating such a framework poses numerous challenges, particularly not independent and identically distributed (non-IID) data, large model sizes with high computational costs, missing data, sensitivity vs. false alarm rate (FAR) trade-offs, and real-world deployment strategies. This study introduces a novel modeling technique to address these challenges and develops a deployable real-world framework. We used extensive real-time traffic and weather data to develop a crash likelihood prediction modeling prototype, leveraging our preliminary work of spatial ensemble modeling. Next, we equipped this spatial ensemble model with local model regularization to calibrate model confidence training. The investigated regularizations include weight decay, label smoothing and knowledge distillation. Furthermore, post-calibration on model outputs was conducted to improve severity rating identification. We tested the framework to predict crashes and severity in real-time, categorizing crashes into four levels. Results were compared with benchmark models, real-world deployment mechanisms were explained, traffic safety improvement potential and sustainability aspects of the study were discussed. Modeling results demonstrated excellent performance, and fatal, severe, minor and PDO crash severities were predicted with 91.7%, 83.3%, 85.6%, and 87.7% sensitivity, respectively, and with very low FAR. Similarly, the viability of our model to predict different severity levels for specific crash types, i.e., all-crash types, rear-end crashes, and sideswipe/angle crashes, were examined, and it showed excellent performance. Our modeling technique showed great potential for reducing model size, lowering computational costs, improving sensitivity, and, most importantly, reducing FAR. Finally, the deployment strategy for the proposed crash and severity prediction technique is discussed, and its potential to predict crashes with severity levels in real-time will make a substantial contribution to tailoring specific strategies to prevent crashes.
Biological design and inspiration of bactericidal hierarchical interfaces
Authors: Muneer Mahreen , Kalappurackal Hariprasad Parayil , Balachandran Akshay , Lone Saifullah
Published: May 2024

Surfaces act as reservoirs for the proliferation of microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses, that can be transmitted to individuals who come into contact with them.
Unveiling the high-temperature degradation mechanism of solid oxide electrolysis cells through direct imaging of nanoscale interfacial phenomena
Authors: Choi Haneul , Shin Jisu , Yeon Changho , Park Sun-Young , Bae Shin-Tae , Kim Ji Wan , Lee Jong-Ho , Park Jin-Woo , Lee Chan-Woo , Yoon Kyung Joong , Chang Hye Jung
Published: May 2024

Advanced transmission electron microscopy analysis uncovers the fundamental mechanisms behind nanometer-scale interfacial degradation phenomena in high-temperature solid oxide electrolysis cells.
Egg white-derived peptides reduced blood glucose in high-fat-diet and low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice via regulating the hepatic gluconeogenic signaling and metabolic profile
Authors: Cao Xinyi , Chen Liang , Lu Kun , Yu Tingqing , Xia Hui , Wang Shaokang , Sun Guiju , Liu Ping , Liao Wang
Published: May 2024

Food proteins are considered an ideal source for the identification of bioactive peptides with the potential to intervene in nutrition-related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes.
Dual-targeting of tumor cells and subcellular endoplasmic reticulum via AgPPIX-based Janus nanoparticles for photodynamic/immunotherapy against TNBC
Authors: Ma Kun , Diao He , Xu Xiangyi , Jin Yu , Qiu Mingling , Liu Zicheng , Yang Chenbo , Zhao Jiacheng , Chai Senchao , Fang Qingxian , Guo Zhaoming , Cui Changhao , Xu Jianqiang , Yin Liangwei , Ma Hai-ying
Published: May 2024

The synthetic strategy of PAPC and the function of PAPC Janus nanoparticles: tumor cells targeting, endoplasmic reticulum targeting, immunotherapy and photodynamic therapy.
A novel GO hoisted SnO2–BiOBr bifunctional catalyst for the remediation of organic dyes under illumination by visible light and electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Dhillon Manshu , Naskar Abhishek , Kaushal Neha , Bhansali Shekhar , Saha Avishek , Basu Aviru Kumar
Published: May 2024

A novel GO-hoisted SnO2–BiOBr bifunctional catalyst for the remediation of organic dyes under illumination by visible light and electrocatalytic water splitting.
Modular and divergent synthesis of 2,N3-disubstituted 4-quinazolinones facilitated by regioselective N-alkylation
Authors: Kim Kelly E. , Comber Jason R. , Pursel Alexander J. , Hobby Grant C. , McCormick Carter J. , Fisher Matthew F. , Marasa Kyle , Perry Benjamin
Published: May 2024

Synthesis of fifteen 2,N3-disubstituted 4-quinazolinones is achieved in three steps from simple building blocks, facilitated by a regioselective N-alkylation and application of principles from both modular and divergent synthesis.
Predictive design of multimonomeric polyelectrolytes enables lung-specific gene delivery
Authors: Ting Jeffrey M. , Fisher John D. , Conyers Tyler , Patil Suteja , Robohn Catherine G. , Tamayo-Mendoza Teresa , Oviedo Felipe , Murthy Shashi K.
Published: May 2024

With a discovery engine combining polymer chemistry, biology, and AI, lung-specific pDNA delivery is demonstrated with a single multimonomeric polyelectrolyte.
Triboelectric behaviour of selected zeolitic-imidazolate frameworks: exploring chemical, morphological and topological influences
Authors: Slater Ben , Tan Jin-Chong
Published: May 2024

A triboelectric generator harvesting electrical energy from oscillatory mechanical motion. Each grey circle represents a metal–organic framework or counter material used in our study to construct the triboelectric series.
A quasi-solid-state self-healing flexible zinc-ion battery using a dual-crosslinked hybrid hydrogel as the electrolyte and Prussian blue analogue as the cathode material
Authors: Long Jiawei , Han Tianli , Lin Xirong , Zhu Yajun , Liu Jinyun , Niu Junjie
Published: May 2024

A self-healing flexible zinc-ion battery with a dual-crosslinked hybrid hydrogel as the electrolyte and Prussian blue analogue as the cathode material.
Systemic regulation of binding sites in porous coordination polymers for ethylene purification from ternary C2 hydrocarbons
Authors: Li Yi , Wu Yanxin , Zhao Jiaxin , Duan Jingui , Jin Wanqin
Published: May 2024

We present a systemic regulation of binding sites in a series of nanoporous crystals, of which NTU-73-CH3 demonstrates a breakthrough of one-step C2H4 purification from ternary C2 hydrocarbons.
Introduction to the Forum: Assessment of Understudied Languages
Authors: Kasambira Fannin Danai
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

This introduction provides background information about thePerspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups(SIG 14: Cultural and Linguistic Diversity) Forum: Speech and Language Assessment Protocols for Understudied Languages and a preview of the articles published.