bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nickel and molybdenum influence on the structure and chemical composition of surface destruction of iron with spherical graphite
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Aftandiliants Y.G.
Published: October 2021

The results of the study of the influence of nickel and molybdenum on the structure and chemical composition of the fracture surface of cast iron with spherical graphite are presented in the paper. It is shown that the fracture of cast iron with spherical graphite occurs along the boundaries of the distribution of graphite balls with matrix, and the fracture of the matrix occurs both by the mechanism of intergranular and transgranular fractures. Molybdenum and nickel alloying changes the mechanism of transgranular fracture of the matrix from brittle for ordinary cast iron to viscous for molybdenum and nickel alloying. It is established that the fracture surfaces of cast iron, depending on the analysis places there are elements such as O, C, P, N, Cu, Ni, Si, Mg. Studies of the distribution of impurities in the near-surface layers of the destroyed samples have shown that the quantity of elements such as oxygen, phosphorus and nitrogen decreases with increasing distance from the fracture surface. The phosphorus quantity is reduced by 40 - 45% in the places of the cast iron matrix, where the graphite balls were located during the alloying of cast iron by molybdenum and nickel. Keywords: cast iron, nickel, molybdenum, alloying, Auger spectroscopy, chemical composition, structure, fracture, surface.
Tempering brittleness of die steel 4Kh4N5М4F2
Authors:   Center for Research and Technology Ningbo IPM, Sydorchuk O. M. , Bykov O. I. ,   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science, NAS of Ukraine, Pozniy A. P. ,   I. M. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science, NAS of Ukraine
Published: October 2021

The results of research of structural steel brand 4Kh4N5М4F2 after heat treatment are given. Manifestations of tempering brittleness at a temperature of 450-500 °C, associated with the maximum value of the parameter «a» of the crystal structure during the formation of a solid substitution solution in the system "Fe-C". The connection between the peculiarities of the crystal structure of the studied steel and the complex of physical and mechanical properties is established. The maximum value of the parameter «а» (a = 0.28848 nm) of the elementary cell of martensite crystal lattice reflects the maximum saturation of the α-solid solution, which increases the resistance of the crystal lattice to deformation, increase the hardness of tempering martensite (up to 56 HRC), change the physical structure sensitive value (increase in specific conductivity to 0,200 Om•mm2/m), increase the tensile strength, reduce the impact strength (up to 15 J/cm2) and increase the brittleness at temperatures of 450-500 °C. The possibility of using matrices (steel 4Kh4N5М4F2, without forging technology) for hot deformation of aluminum alloy AK7ch, which during operation does not reach the temperature of brittleness (above 460 ºC), is demonstrated. Keywords: die steel, crystal structure, heat treatment, physical and mechanical properties.
Ukrainian Icons Theotokos Mother of Mercy (New Iconographic Interpretation of Traditional Plot)
Authors:   M. Rylskyi Institute of Art Studies, Folkloristics and Ethnology, Burkovska Liubov
Published: October 2021

Baroque trends, which have been extended in the Ukrainian religious art of the late 17th – early 18th centuries, contributed to the expansion of its thematic composition, stylistic changes and the emergence of new iconographic plots. The icons Theotokos Mother of Mercy, or the Cossack Intercession, as they are also called, are a clear example of the renewal of themes in Ukrainian religious art during the Baroque period. This iconographic version of the Intercession, apparently, is borrowed from Western European painting; it is correlated with the compositional type of the image of the Intercession of the Theotokos – Madonna della Misericordia – popular in Italian art. It is supposed, that the image of the Blessed Virgin, covering the parish with the mantle, has been inspired by the vision of the Cistercian monk, theologian and writer Caesar of Geisterbach, who describes it in his Dialogus Miraculorum (1221). Formation of the iconography Madonna della Misericordia in Western European art has started in the 13th century. The Virgin usually stands on the early images. The Christians staying under the protection of the Virgin Mary are depicted on their knees and in a much smaller scale. The icons Madonna della Misericordia have been often ordered by specific groups of believers, such as fraternities, professional guilds, monasteries and abbeys. The theme of the Intercession of Theotokos of the iconographic version Theotokos Mother of Mercy has taken a special place in the Ukrainian iconography of the Baroque period. The image of the Patroness, blessing and covering the faithful with her mantle, has attracted Ukrainian masters with the realism and majesty of the compositional plan. The popularity and rapid dissemination of this iconographic variety of the Intercession have been caused also by the fact that it presents individualized images of people from different layers of the that time society with special penetration. Contemplating the icons of the Intercession in the temples, the believers have seen obviously a powerful and merciful patroness in the image of the Mother of God. Ukrainian icons Theotokos Mother of Mercy of the 17th – early 18th centuries are filled with the search for a new artistic expressiveness, reveal the nature of the transition period and the peculiarities of the process of formation of a new stylistic system of sacred painting.
Phraseological synonyms in Russian and Moksha subdialects of Mordovia
Authors: Grishunina Valentina P. , Yershova Natalia I.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The article describes phraseological synonyms in Russian and Moksha subdialects on the territory of Mordovia. The subject of the analysis is the specific features of dialect phraseological units. The purpose of the study is to present a comprehensive description of the phenomenon of synonymy of phraseological turns in the considered subdialects.
Materials and Methods. To achieve this goal, it employs various research methods, the main of which is descriptive one. In addition, it uses the elements of distributive and component analysis method. The language material was made up of phraseological units extracted by continuous sampling from the “Dictionary of Russian subdialects on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia”, Moksha-Russian dictionaries and field observations of the authors.
Results and Discussion. As a result of the analytical review of the material, it is identified that in the phraseological units of both the Russian and Moksha languages develop synonymous series covered by the phenomenon of variance. The emergence of synonymous series is primarily associated with the renewal of the figurative basis of phraseological units belonging to the same topic. In the process of synonymous development of phraseological units, there is a search for a better image and linguistic means of constructing it while maintaining the unity of the logical side of the concept underlying it.
Conclusion. The article is of practical importance, its results can be used in writing teaching handbooks on Russian dialectology, in teaching the course “Russian dialectology”, “Dialectology of the Moksha language” and corresponding courses for students majoring in Arts and Humanities.
The system of county administration in the Komi Region at the end of the XVII – first half of the XVIII century
Authors: Gagieva Anna K.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The work studies the system of county administration on the territory of the Komi Region at the end of the XVII – first half of the XVIII century. This period was characterized by significant transformations based on changing the system of public administration from voivodeship- clerical into collegiate. It was actively implemented in the highest and central authorities, not only changing the document management system, but also forming a new state apparatus. The situation was different in the county voivodeship offices, such as, the voivodeship office in Komi Region.
Materials and Methods. The main research methods were system-structural, historical, formal-legal, etc., which became basic in the analysis of published and unpublished documents.
Results and Discussion. As shown by the study of published and unpublished documents on the territory of the Komi Region (Yarensky uyezd), populated with black-collar and later state peasantry, there was no transition from the voivodeship – clerical to the collegiate system of management and office management at the time under study. The collegiate model of public administration, formulated in the new administrative legislation, could not displace the Voivodeship model. The clerical system evolved according to its own laws and demonstrated viability, and the collegiate system was forced to adapt to the requirements of the reforming tsar. This was especially evident when the county office carried out the document management.
Conclusion. Carrying out the reforms of the beginning of the XVIII century, the authorities on the county level could not organize the transformation of the clerical service and management and was not ready for changes. As a result, the clerical office work was maintained along with the collegiate one. Collegiate office work was actively introduced and developed in the central office. On the ground, for example, the Yarensky uyezd, clerical office work continued to be preserved, and collegiate one became dominant only by the middle of the XVIII century.
The Phenomenon of Volunteerism as a Reflection of the Traditional Value of Mutual Assistance and Support (to the 100th Anniversary of the Passing of P. A. Kropotkin)
Authors: Arefiev Mikhail A. , Davydenkova Antonina G. , Vasilenkova Anastasija A.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Philosophy of culture one of the aspects of the subject field has an understanding of real cultural practice, based on multivariate reassessments of cultural traditions. The axiological component of the philosophy of culture affects the fundamental moral and ethical values of a person and society that contribute to social activity. The purpose of the article is to show the continuity of the ideological and practical volunteer movement, the importance of social activity of young people. Materials and Methods. In the article, the authors used the methodology of cultural and comparative analysis, the historical and philosophical approach to the problem, and the method of comparative studies. Among the historical foundations of axiology, there is a distinction between what is due and what is, concepts that unite ideas about ethics, human activity itself and its evaluation. The anarcho-communitarian construction of Prince Kropotkin’s ethics makes a significant contribution to this outline of reasoning, sets the guidelines for healthy human relations. The results of the Study. The principles of the evolutionary development of mutual assistance and support, solidarity and altruism, developed by the ethical philosopher and natural scientist Kropotkin in natural science and ethical works, in fact, were not only the theoretical basis of the philosophy of culture, but can also serve as guidelines for the practical activities and axiology of modern volunteers of the XXI century. Discussion. The article considers volunteerism as a continuation of a significant value tradition of mutual assistance and support, which has its historical incarnations. Solidarity, justice, altruism, instinct and the moral sense of a person – these are the main concepts of Kropotkin ethics as a doctrine of morality in its broadest sense. This year, the Russian scientific community is celebrating the centenary of the passing of P. A. Kropotkin. In this regard, it is particularly relevant to develop the principles of mutual assistance and support, which are practically in demand in the context of the cornavirus pandemic. Conclusions. The principles of the evolutionary development of mutual assistance and support, solidarity and altruism, developed by the ethical philosopher and natural scientist Kropotkin in natural science and ethical works, in fact, were not only the theoretical basis of the philosophy of culture, but also the practical activity of the axiology of modern volunteers of the XXI century, a manifestation of human social activity.
Axial load limit considerations for 14 in. square prestressed concrete piles
Authors: Ryan John C. , Mays Timothy W.
Published: October 2021

The 2018 International Building Code and American Concrete Institute Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary (ACI 318R-19) have adopted axial load limits that prohibit the use of some 14 in. (350 mm) square prestressed concrete piles in areas of moderate to high seismicity. This paper presents the results of a study that examined the development of these axial load limits, their appropriateness as an attempt to ensure reliable seismic performance, and the expected seismic performance of commonly used 14 in. (350 mm) square prestressed concrete piles when the axial load limit is increased to levels commonly used in seismic design practice. Results of the study suggest that the axial load limits established by previous researchers are overly conservative and do not ensure reliable seismic performance. This paper recommends that reduced nominal moment strength be used in lieu of axial load limits for consistency with codified approaches already used in the United States and to help ensure reliable seismic performance when appropriate.
Organisation of running events – reducing exclusions and improving the quality of life
Authors:   dr hab. inż., prof. UEP, Department of Quality Management, Poznań University of Economics and Business, Poland, Łuczak Jacek
Published: October 2021

Physical activity is a basic factor of human development – it brings satisfaction, vitality, energy, has a therapeutic dimension and affects the quality of life. Among the large group of amateur athletes, there are people vulnerable to social exclusions related to disabilities, psychological dysfunctions, sex and social status. For these people sport is a cure for loneliness and lack of self-confidence, as well as it positively affects their motivation to overcome barriers, which is reflected in other spheres of their lives. One sport that in particular integrates different social groups is running, as confirmed by the growing number of amateur runners, training activities dedicated to them and running events organised for them. However, it is important that organisers of such events ensure the safety of participants and take care of their satisfaction and comfort by holistic planning of all organisational activities. The study hypothesised that factors concerning the safety, comfort and satisfaction of participants play a vital role in organising running events. The aim of the article was to identify and assess the risk of organising running competitions for amateurs in the context of ensuring safety and satisfaction for all participants of the event. In particular, the author noted the risk factors of a social nature, conducive to integration, associated with countering exclusions. The paper presents test results for national competitions involving 21 and 42 km runs. The identification of risk factors was performed by 10 experts (the Delphi method) and 27 representatives of 7 running events organised in Poland (2017–2018) (risk estimate, a questionnaire) took part in the risk estimation. Risk estimation was carried out on the basis of average (effect and probability). The results of the study provide unequivocal information about the spheres of organising sporting events which in the highest degree can affect the safety and comfort of their participants and the perception of the competition itself. Among the key risks there were: inadequate financial and organisational resources, route capacity, or technical problems. Moreover, the paper includes an attempt to discuss results of other research.
Development of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery Technologies as a Direction That Affects the Reduction of Mortality from Cardiovascular Diseases (on the Example of the Nizhny Novgorod Region)
Authors: Pereslegina Irina A. , Levanov Vladimir M. , Bolshev Andrey S. , Varenova Lubov E.
Published: October 2021

Background.Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in the population. It is necessary to assess the priority areas of investment and development of medical technologies that can effectively influence the reduction of mortality.
Aims to study the impact of minimally invasive surgical interventions on population mortality.
Materials and methods.During the period from 2009 to 2019 was conducted analysis and assessment of the effect of the number of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) performed in the Nizhny Novgorod region, on mortality, including mortality from CVD, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) To study the relationship between these indicators were calculated the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The prediction was performed using the multiple regression method. To evaluate the initial and predicted data (regression model), we used the cook and Mahalanobis distance indicators.
Results.Over 11 years, the region has seen a significant increase in the number of PCI-from 220 to 6048 (27.5 times). During the same time, the total death rate in the region decreased from 17.42 to 14.60 per 1000 population (by 16.2%), fromСМВby 30.7%. A strong negative correlation was found between the number of PCI and mortality from CVD (r = 0.892), from CHD (r = 0.856), and from AMI (r = 0.904). A regression model of the result was developed, taking into account mortality rates and the number of PCI. The cook and Mahalanobis distance indicators indicate a change in the development vector of data variance since 2014, which may be due to changes in the infrastructure and volumes of cardiological and cardiac surgery care.
Conclusion.The results of the analysis indicate the high feasibility of further development of cardiac surgery in the region. The resulting regression model can be used in planning the volume of medical care, taking into account the achievement of target demographic indicators and available health resources.
Em torno da ideia de associativismo negro em São Paulo (1930-2010)
Authors: Silva Mário Augusto Medeiros da
Published: October 2021

Resumo O artigo faz breve balanço bibliográfico da maneira como alguns cientistas sociais trataram a ideia de associativismo negro na cidade e no estado de São Paulo. Sugere também uma discussão acerca de tentar investigar o associativismo negro no período pós-abolição como uma história da cidadania negra, permitindo conectar diferentes experiências ao longo do século XX e mais recentes, viabilizando importantes questionamentos sociológicos.
Corpos femininos desarquivados: sobre um romance inédito de Jorge Amado
Authors: Coelho Thalita Saldanha , Ramos Tânia Regina Oliveira
Published: October 2021

Resumo Este artigo traz para a cena contemporânea um romance inédito e inacabado de Jorge Amado (1941-1942) e como nele o autor representa as mulheres na utopia comunista, seja por corpos lésbicos, na perspectiva de Adrienne Rich, seja por já ensaiar o amor-camaradagem, conceituado por Alexandra Kollontai, de significativa importância na militância do século XXI.
Optimal Any-Angle Pathfinding on a Sphere
Authors: Rospotniuk Volodymyr , Small Rupert
Published: October 2021

Pathfinding in Euclidean space is a common problem faced in robotics and computer  games. For long-distance navigation on the surface of the earth or in outer space however,  approximating the geometry as Euclidean can be insufficient for real-world applications  such as the navigation of spacecraft, aeroplanes, drones and ships. This article describes an any-angle pathfinding algorithm for calculating the shortest path between point pairs  over the surface of a sphere. Introducing several novel adaptations, it is shown that Anya  as described by Harabor & Grastien for Euclidean space can be extended to Spherical  geometry. There, where the shortest-distance line between coordinates is defined instead by a great-circle path, the optimal solution is typically a curved line in Euclidean space.  In addition the turning points for optimal paths in Spherical geometry are not necessarily  corner points as they are in Euclidean space, as will be shown, making further substantial  adaptations to Anya necessary. Spherical Anya returns the optimal path on the sphere,  given these different properties of world maps defined in Spherical geometry. It preserves all primary benefits of Anya in Euclidean geometry, namely the Spherical Anya algorithm always returns an optimal path on a sphere and does so entirely on-line, without any  preprocessing or large memory overheads. Performance benchmarks are provided for several  game maps including Starcraft and Warcraft III as well as for sea navigation on Earth  using the NOAA bathymetric dataset. Always returning the shorter path compared with  the Euclidean approximation yielded by Anya, Spherical Anya is shown to be faster than  Anya for the majority of sea routes and slower for Game Maps and Random Maps.
Dumm-Artikel
Authors: Spiegel Simon
Published: October 2021

Dummy-Abstract
The effects of backward, upward, rightward pressure maneuver for intubation using the OptiscopeTM: a retrospective study
Authors: Oh Sei-hoon , Heo Sang-kwon , Cheon Seung-Uk , Ryu Seung-Ah
Published: October 2021

Background: The OptiscopeTM and the backward, upward, rightward pressure (BURP) maneuver are widely used in clinical practice because the BURP maneuver facilitates intubation by improving visualization of the larynx. However, the effect of the BURP maneuver is unclear when using the OptiscopeTM. Therefore, we retrospectively investigated the effect of the BURP maneuver on intubation using the OptiscopeTM.Methods: Sixty-eight patients intubated with the OptiscopeTM were enrolled. We used the BURP maneuver in Group A (n = 33) and the conventional maneuver (which does not use the BURP maneuver) in Group B (n = 35). BURP application status was a binary variable representing whether the BURP maneuver was used during the intubation. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the effects of the BURP application status on intubation time controlling for body mass index, preoperative dental injury status, obstructive sleep apnea history, thyromental distance, sternomental distance (SMD), interincisor distance, history of neck rotation restriction, and Mallampati classification.Results: There was no difference in the intubation time between the two groups. According to the regression model (R2 = 0.308, P = 0.007), the BURP maneuver (Group A) decreased the intubation time by 6.089 seconds (95% confidence interval 1.303–10.875, P = 0.014) compared to Group B.Conclusion: The BURP maneuver reduced intubation time when using the OptiscopeTM.
„Kézirat sosem ég el”
Authors: Kasza Péter
Published: October 2021

Il ressort de la correspondance de Miklós Oláh que l’humaniste viennois d’origine silésienne, plus tard historiographe officiel de Ferdinand Ier, Caspar Ursinus Vellius, a composé un ouvrage mineur au sujet de la bataille de Mohács. L’auteur voulait dédier son ouvrage à la reine veuve Marie. Or, l’ouvrage n’a jamais vu le jour et le manuscrit s’étant également perdu, les chercheurs ont du se contenter de noter son existence. En 1939 Margit Waczulik a publié une petite étude, dans laquelle elle a signalé que dans la collection privée de János Scholz, à Sopron, il existe un codex renfermant quelques fragments de Velius et une version tronquée de l’ouvrage sur Mohács. Puisque Waczulik n’a pas publié le texte, son étude et l’existence du codex sombrèrent dans l’oubli. Or en 2018, il s’est avéré que le manuscrit en question avait été déposé à la BN de Hongrie, il est donc facilement examinable et publiable. Dans mon étude, je me propose de recapituler l’histoire de ce codex, composé de feuilles écrites par diverses personnes et de donner une présentation détaillée du contenu du texte. Je tenterai également d’étudier le rapport qui existe entre les fragments récemment découverts et l’ouvrage publié en 1762 sous le nom de l’humaniste, le De bello Pannonico. Le résultat principal de la recherche: le manuscrit incriminé conserve des textes (la relation de la bataille de Kappel, le siège de Kőszeg en 1532, les opérations militaires de Szapolyai en 1528–29) que Velius avait sans doute destinés à son grand ouvrage historique, mais qui, pourtant, ne furent pas intégrés à l’édition préparée par Kollár.
Села Южа и Бонячки: фабричный моногородок в позднеимперской России
Authors: Степанов Аркадий Владимирович
Published: October 2021

В статье изучается происходившая в позднеимперский период эволюция двух фабричных сел Верхневолжского региона России — Южи и Бонячек — в индустриальные «моногородки», то есть в населенные пункты, обладавшие рядом элементов урбанистической инфраструктуры и обязанные своим развитием расположенным в них крупным текстильным фабрикам. Автор работает со справочной и рекламной литературой 18901910-х годов и исследованиями отечественных и зарубежных авторов того периода. Обсуждаются возможные причины, побуждавшие владельцев градообразующих предприятий этих сел — представителей второго-третьего поколений предпринимательских династий Балиных и Коноваловых — на протяжении длительного времени настойчиво и системно вкладывать средства в такие социальные программы, как строительство жилья для рабочих и служащих своих предприятий, возведение и содержание там больниц, школ, народных домов, богаделен и иных подобных объектов. Примечательно, что социальные программы, реализуемые в обоих селах, носили преимущественно светский характер. Усилия фабрикантов были обусловлены отсутствием в населенных пунктах негородского типа коммерческой социальной инфраструктуры, а также органов муниципального управления, способных заниматься ее развитием. Свою роль сыграли также низкая производительность труда рабочих-текстильщиков и почти полное отсутствие у вчерашних крестьян навыков разумного распоряжения своими денежными доходами. Сочетание этих факторов вынуждало фабрикантов фактически брать на себя «попечение» о работниках своих предприятий, в том числе ценой удержания выдаваемой им на руки заработной платы на невысоком уровне и «перенацеливания» части ее фонда на социальные программы. С помощью системного и компаративного анализа предлагается оценка результатов этих программ. Автор заключает, что подобная политика текстильных компаний, решая текущие социальные проблемы фабричных сел, замедляла формирование в них промышленных рабочих эпохи модерна, способных самостоятельно обеспечивать свое существование в городской среде ХХ века.
Репродуктивные страхи жителей малых городов Ивановской области
Authors: Гафизова Наталья Борисовна , Цалко Екатерина Олеговна
Published: October 2021

Опираясь на результаты социологического исследования (анкетирование и фокус-групповое интервью), авторы выявляют и описывают репродуктивные страхи жителей малых городов Ивановской области и ключевые факторы их формирования. Анализ статистических данных показывает, что Ивановская область продолжает «стареть», увеличивается диспропорция между долями мужчин и женщин в старших возрастных группах, очередная демографическая волна приводит к снижению количества женщин и мужчин репродуктивного возраста, высокая разводимость усугубляет демографическую ситуацию в регионе. Эти негативные демографические процессы сопровождаются формированием и устойчивым воспроизводством репродуктивных страхов. Авторы выделили следующие факторы формирования и воспроизводства репродуктивных страхов: общая социально-экономическая ситуация в регионе, социальное самочувствие жителей, исторически сложившиеся особенности репродуктивного поведения жителей, проблемы в системах жизнеобеспечения (здравоохранение, социальная защита, образование и др.). Наиболее распространенные репродуктивные страхи: ухудшение материального положения (этот страх присущ жителям с низким материальным достатком и высоким уровнем образования), падение личных доходов (чаще тревогу по этому поводу испытывают женщины, молодежь и респонденты в позднем фертильном возрасте), боязнь потери полноценного отдыха (об этом более склонны тревожиться молодые жители малых городов и представители низкодоходных групп населения). Также исследование выявило четыре типа мотивов, ограничивающих детность: эгоистический, материальный, престижный, психологический. Авторы приходят к выводу, что существующие меры стимулирования рождаемости, качество услуг в здравоохранении и системе социального обеспечения, доступность иных социально значимых услуг пока не способны преодолеть тренд малодетности и нивелировать сложившиеся репродуктивные страхи.
Governance Challenges for Implementing Nature-Based Solutions in the Asian Region
Authors: Morita Kanako , Matsumoto Ken'ichi
Published: October 2021

Nature-based solutions (NbS) are recognized under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity. This relatively new concept has become a key element in strategies for green recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic. NbS consist of a range of measures that address various societal challenges, including climate change, natural disasters, and water security, by combining human well-being and biodiversity benefits. Although the importance of NbS has been widely recognized, existing studies on aspects of their governance are limited and mainly focus on NbS in European countries. There is little relevant research in other regions, including Asia. This study aimed to explore challenges for NbS governance by analyzing the development and implementation of NbS in Asia. We focused on NbS in the fields of climate change mitigation and adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and infrastructure. In these three fields, NbS are linked to climate security issues and have been widely implemented in Asian countries. This analysis identified the challenges for NbS governance for countries at different stages of economic development, and for developing measures for NbS with different institutions and actors. It recognizes the importance of a framework that matches the need for NbS with relevant institutions and actors at various scales and in various sectors. Guidelines are required to integrate NbS into strategies and policies at national and local levels and also into international cooperation.
Rhythm in the 2nd part of Wasyl Barka’s book ‘Ocean’ (mixed trochee)
Authors: Khodakivska Ya. V.
Published: October 2021

The article is dedicated the verse rhythm in the second part of the book “Ocean” by the Ukrainian poet Vasyl Barka (1979). The rhythm of the first part (iambic) was investigated in our previous article.

The meter of the second part of the book is a mixed trochee, the scheme of which is 5454. The stresses in the poetic lines were counted and the rhythm profiles of the trochaic tetrameter and the trochaic pentameter were plotted. The rhythm diagram method developed by Taranovsky, Gasparov (for Russian verse) was used to compare Barka’s verses with Ukrainian and Russian verses. To illustrate the trends in Ukrainian verse, our calculations of the verse of Stus and Andrukhovich were also used.

The results of the research showed that the character of Barka’s rhythm is unique; it has no correspondence either in Ukrainian or in Russian verses. In the rhythm of Barka’s poem, ‘the law of regressive dissimilation’, discovered by Taranovsky and extrapolated to the Ukrainian verse by Kostenko, does not work. That is, there is no alternation of strong and weak foot. Barka in trochee avoids full-accented lines, which are commonly used by Ukrainian and Russian poets. The set of rhythmic forms of verse differs from other poets. The drawing of the diagrams is also different. For a trochaic pentameter, this is a “bucket”, with strong 2nd and 5th feet and weak 3rd and 4th feet. And for a trochaic tetrameter, this is an almost equal strength of the first three feet and a strong last foot.

A rhythm, approximately similar to that of Barka, was revealed only in Goethe’s verse for a trochaic pentameter and in Schiller’s verse for a trochaic tetrameter (according to Taranovsky).

Given the unique nature of the iambic rhythm and rhyme in Barka’s verse, we consider it promising to search for the factors that determined Barka’s poetics.
Urination disorders at endometriosis disease patients
Authors: Semenuok A. A. , Pospelov I. V.
Published: October 2021

Disorders of urination in women, manifested by various disorders of the accumulative and evacuation functions of the lower urinary tract, are stated in 46% of all visits to the urologist. Among the numerous complaints in patients suffering from endometrioid disease, a large place is occupied by complaints of disorders of the act of urination. Currently, there is a significant increase in the number of these patients.
Experience in the Treatment of Severe Thermal Injury in a Pregnant Woman with a Favorable Outcome for the Mother and Child
Authors: Movchan К. N. , Chichkov О. V. , Levkov А. L. , Nevlyaev Т. Y. , Zinoviev Е. V. , Sergeeva I. V. , Kuzmichev V. S. , Pankov V. М. , Semenova I. G. , Parshin E. V.
Published: October 2021

The proportion of pregnant women hospitalized for burns is small and amounts to 0.5% of the number of patients in burn centers, while most often, up to 50% of cases, patients receive superficial burns with an area of 10-30% of the body surface. Few literature data indicate that burns on an area of up to 10% of the body surface do not have a significant effect on the course of pregnancy.
Tthe structure of uterine contractions anomalies in contemporary obstetrics: clinical and statistical aspects
Authors: Savitskiy A. G.
Published: October 2021

The complex clinical end statistical analysis of features of current of labors in the period with 1994 for 2003 has shown, that in structure of anomalies of patrimonial activity there are authentic changes. Along with significant decrease of frequency of revealing of weakness of patrimonial activity and tendency to decrease of frequency of revealing notcoordinated of patrimonial activity frequency of revealing of fast and prompt labors essentially has increased. Diagnostics notcoordinated of patrimonial activity in the greatest degree is connected to preferences, erudition and experience of the doctor, than with real correlation of revealed attributes and symptoms specific of this pathology of labors. The precisely same attributes and symptoms are characteristic for some variants of weakness of patrimonial activity, that gives the basis to attribute both kinds of this pathology of labors to hypertonic dysfunction of uterus, in a basis of which development lays corporalcervical dyssinergia, instead of the pathology the driver of a rhythm, as it was considered earlier.
International Scientific Congress "Operative Gynecology — New Technologies" November 22-24, 2005 St. Petersburg
Authors: Simchera I. A.
Published: October 2021

Dear colleagues, The International Scientific Congress "Operative Gynecology - New Technologies", dedicated to the 150th anniversary of Professor Dmitry Oskarovich Ott, will be held on November 22-24, 2005 in St. Petersburg.
Biochemical markers of premature birth
Authors: Bapayeva G. B.
Published: October 2021

Summary: In this article the results of the research of diagnostic importance of myoglobin determination in peripheral blood and amniotic fluid, fetal fibronectin examination in cervicovaginal composition contents of a pregnant woman are represented in prediction of premature birth.
Prognostic significance of mmp-1, mmp-3, and mthfr genetic polymorphism for evaluation of uterine leiomyoma and adenomyosis progression
Authors: Morozova Е. В. , Chukhlovin А. B. , Kulagina N. V. , Totolian А. А.
Published: October 2021

Carriage of hyperactive alleles of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) gene is associated with enhanced growth of various neoplasias in humans. When studying the frequency of promoter variants of MMP -1 and -3 genes in 170 patients with uterine leiomyoma, significant associations were revealed between low incidence of MMP-1 1G/1G genotype, high growth rates of leiomyoma, multifocal growth and more common adenomyosis development, thus presuming a protective role of MMP-1/1G homozygosity in the development of symptomatic myoma and adenomyosis and growth-promoting effect of the 2G allele. Hence, the promoter genotype of MMP-1 may be considered as possible genetic marker to predict clinical course of the uterine leiomyoma.
The effect of grandaxin, phenazepam, relanium on the uterine activity of pregnant rats
Authors: Abramchenko V. V. , Ubajdatova В. A. , Korkhov V. V. , Petrosyan М. А.
Published: October 2021

The influence of grandaxin, phenazepam, relanium on the uterine contractile activity of pregnant rats was studied. It has shown that these preparations induced suppression of contractive activity of myometrium after injection of oxytocine. Injection of oxytocine after administration of tranquilizers induced contractive activity of the myometrium.
Prevention and treatment of complications following antiincontinence surgical procedures
Authors: Korshunov М. Y. , Uchvatkin G. V. , Sazykina Е. I.
Published: October 2021

In this article frequency, etiology, classification and clinical appearance of complications following surgical procedures for stress urinary incontinence are reviewed. Their correction and prophylactics are also presented.
Features of Phacoemulsification in Macular Pathology. Part 1. Diagnostic Aspects
Authors: Yusef Yusef Naim , Vorobyeva M. V. , Kazaryan E. E. , Shkolyarenko N. Yu.
Published: October 2021

Cataract is the most common cause of blindness worldwide. The standard treatment for cataracts is phacoemulsification with implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL). Removing cataracts can significantly improve vision and the quality of life associated with vision. The review considers the necessary biometric studies before phacoemulsification of patients with macular pathology, the long-term effects of phacoemulsification in patients with various macular pathologies, the features of implantation of mono- and multifocal IOLs in such patients, as well as possible complications after phacoemulsification in patients with macular pathology. The importance of examination of the macula before phacoemulsification of cataract has been shown. A review of changes in different eye’s parts after phacoemulsification in patients with various pathologies: with the progression of myotic traction, with combined cataract and glaucoma, in patients with diabetes, with an epiretinal membrane, and the features of implantation of multifocal lenses and IOLs with UV protection are considered. Not only the postoperative condition is assessed, but also the changes between the preoperative and postoperative conditions. In addition, the review demonstrates the dynamic healing processes and changes in macular parameters (after different times — from several days to several years) in order to obtain a rational analysis result.
Current Approach to Treatment for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Review
Authors: Drakon A. K. , Pateyuk L. S. , Sheludchenko V. M. , Korchazhkina N. B.
Published: October 2021

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a disease of complex origin and unknown etiology. Traditionally, two clinical forms of CSC are verified in accordance with the activity and duration of the pathological process: classic acute form and chronic CSC. Nowadays, there is no unified concept accepted for the management of patients with this disease, particular difficulties exist in cases of chronic CSC. This literature review highlights current trends and approaches to the treatment of CSC patients — from focal laser photocoagulation to physical methods oh therapy. The therapeutic approach as a whole depends on the form of the CHS. In most cases of the acute form of CSF, spontaneous regression, spontaneous adhesion of RPE detachment and retinal neuroepithelium are noted within several months from the onset of the disease. Therapy for the chronic form of this disease is still a difficult task and a controversial issue. Direct laser coagulation of the retina at the oozing point is recognized as the most effective method of therapy for acute typical form of CSF. In the chronic form of CSC, photodynamic therapy, transpupillary thermotherapy and subthreshold micropulse laser exposure are used. The goal of drug therapy for CSF is to activate the processes of resorption of serous fluid from the subretinal or subpigmented space, reduce the activity of pathological processes in the choroid, and improve trophism and metabolism. The currently used methods of treating chronic CSH have a number of disadvantages and variable efficacy. The existence of treatment-resistant cases is the subject of further research and clinical research. The development of new physical and physiopharmacological methods of treatment for CSF is perspective.
Optical Coherence Tomography for Diagnosis and Treatment of Corneal Diseases
Authors: Fisenko N. V. , Osipyan G. A.
Published: October 2021

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a modern non-contact real-time imaging of anterior and posterior eye’s segments. Based on the principle of low-coherence interferometry, it provides the analysis of tissue structures. In this review, we discuss technical aspects of two different OCT platforms: Time-Domain OCT (TD-OCT), and Spectral-Domain (SD-OCT) with the use of Fourier transformation — Fourier-Domain (FD-OCT). Over the last several years, the development of OCT has increased the resolution of images by different ways of optical filtering. The usage of tunable swept laser instead of superluminescent diode in modern Swept-Source OCT (SS-OCT) provides the sufficient quality of image. Anterior segment OCT can detect the pathological changes in different ocular structures and may be a key tool for monitoring of their progression. In pterygium OCT shows the true extent of fibrovascular granulation tissue in stromal layers, whereas in keratitis it provides imaging of corneal infiltration. Frequently, OCT-pachymetry can be advantageous in the detection of subclinical keratectasias. In patients with bullous keratopathy OCT can help to distinguish corneal edema and fibrosis. The new era of OCT is characterized by application of this method in keratorefractive surgery. Microscope-mounted (portable) and microscopeintegrated OCT systems have been developed. During LASIK surgery intraoperative OCT (iOCT) helps to assess flap interface, measure flap and residual bed thickness. It is a useful tool to reveal the structural changes during corneal collagen crosslinking. At the beginning of keratoplasty, iOCT helps to determine the corneal thickness, extent and depth of opacity, Descemet membrane perforation. iOCT guides decision-making regarding keratoplasty modification, depth and diameter of trephination. Furthermore, a real-time visualization of ocular structures during keratoplasty decreases the frequency of intra- and postsurgical complications.
Kültürel Diplomasi Bağlamında Sanal Müzeler
Authors: OKUMUŞ Meryem
Published: October 2021

Günümüz dünyasının araştırma ve tartışmalarına çoğunlukla dijital dünya ve olanakları konu olmaktadır. Dijital dünya ve gerçek dünya arasındaki sınırlar da gittikçe silikleşmeye hatta yok olmaya başlamıştır. Öyle ki gerçek hayattaki birçok pratik gibi müzeler de dijital ortama taşınmış ve sanal müze olarak adlandırılmışlardır. Dijital imkânlarla toplumlar kültürel değerlerini, sanatlarını ve yaşantılarını dünyanın her yerindeki toplumlara çok kısa bir sürede anlatabilmekte ve tanıtabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda müzeler de sergileme ve kültürel yayılım noktasında farklı algılama kanallarını ve tekniklerini teknolojinin de yardımı ile hayata geçirmiş, kültürel kaynakların paylaşımı ve etkileşimini kapsayan kültürel diplomasi açısından da etkili birer araç haline gelmişlerdir. Özellikle pandemi (Covid-19) sürecinde kültürel ve turistik gezilerin durdurulması sanal müzelere olan ilgiyi de arttırmıştır. Bu noktadan hareketle çalışmanın amacını dünyada ve Türkiye’deki sanal müzelerin kültürel diplomasi perspektifinden öneminin ve işlevinin değerlendirilmesi oluşturmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda betimleyici bir analiz ile sanal müzelerin ziyaretçi sayıları, dil seçenekleri ve erişim yapılan ülkelere ilişkin verileri bu bağlamda değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda pandemi sürecinde ziyaretçi sayısının geçtiğimiz yıllara göre önemli bir oranda artış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ancak hangi ülkeden ziyaretçilerin hem dünya hem de Türkiye’deki sanal müzelere erişim gösterdiğine ilişkin herhangi bir veriye ulaşılamamış ve Türkiye’deki sanal müzelerin dil seçeneği sunmadıkları da görülmüştür. Bu nedenle de kültürel diplomasi perspektifinden değerlendirildiğinde söz konusu bu verilerin eksik olması, devletlerin hangi ülkelere yönelik nasıl bir kültürel politika uygulayacaklarına ilişkin bir rehber hazırlanmasında alanında uzman akademisyen ve profesyonellerden destek alınmasını engellemektedir.
Şahsiyet Dizisinin Adalet ve İntikam Kavramları Üzerinden İrdelenmesi
Authors: BASMACI Pınar
Published: October 2021

Hak ve hukuka uygunluk, hakkı gözetme gibi anlamlara karşılık gelen adalet, değişken ve tanımlanması zor bir kavramdır. İlkçağda doğa, ortaçağda din ve yeniçağda akılla özdeş tutulan adalet, Platon için devlete uygunluk iken Aristoteles için ise tamamlanmış erdemdir. Adalete olan farklı bakış açıları, adaletin ne olduğu sorusunu da cevapsız bırakmaktadır. Adaletin olmadığı ya da eksik kaldığı zamanlarda ise bireyler, adaletin onarılması için tepki vermekte ve bu tepki de intikam olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Örgütten adaletsizliğin giderilmesini bekleyen bireyler, bu gerçekleşmediğinde ise karşı tarafa zarar verici eylemlerde bulunarak intikam almaktadırlar. İntikam, çaresizlik duygusuna dayanmakla birlikte, eşitlenmek, rahatlamak ve öfkeden kurtulmak gibi amaçlara hizmet etmektedir. Ortaya çıktığı andan itibaren bastırılması zor bir duygu olan intikam, bağışlamamakta, boyun eğmemekte, kurallara ve ilkelere uymamaktadır. Bu bilgiler ışığında, adalet ve intikam kavramları üzerinden Şahsiyet dizinin incelendiği bu çalışmada, dizinin adalet ve intikam kavramları üzerine kurulup kurulmadığını ortaya koymak çalışmanın amacını, dizideki adalet ve intikam kavramlarının nasıl kurulduğunu tespit etmek ise problemini oluşturmaktadır. Dizinin daha önce adalet ve intikam kavramları üzerinden ele alınmamış olması çalışmayı önemli kılarken, dizinin tüm bölümleri örneklem olarak alınmış ve söylem analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda dizide, adalet ile intikam kavramlarının bir arada ele alındığı fakat adaletle hukukun ayrı kavramlar olarak değerlendirildiği tespit edilmiştir. Dizinin adaleti, intikamla sağlanabilecek bir olgu olarak ortaya koyduğu ve bunun da izleyici üzerinde olumsuz etki bırakabileceği de varılan diğer sonuçlardır.