bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Neutrino's Magnetic Monopole Charge, Vacuum Energy and Cause of Quantum Mechanical Uncertainty
Authors: Jeong Eue Jin , Edmondson Dennis
Published: October 2020

Charge conservation in the theory of elementary particle physics is one of the best-established principles in physics. As such, if there are magnetic monopoles in the universe, the magnetic charge will most likely be a conserved quantity like electric charges. If neutrinos are magnetic monopoles, as physicists have speculated the possibility, then neutrons must also have a magnetic monopole charge, and the Earth should show signs of having a magnetic monopole charge on a macroscopic scale. To test this hypothesis, experiments were performed to detect the magnetic monopole's effect near the equator by measuring the Earth's radial magnetic force using two balanced high strength neodymium rods magnets that successfully identified the magnetic monopole charge. From this observation, we conclude that at least the electron neutrino which is a byproduct of weak decay of the neutron must be magnetic monopole. We present mathematical expressions for the vacuum electric field based on the findings and discuss various physical consequences related to the symmetry in Maxwell's equations, the origin of quantum mechanical uncertainty, the medium for electromagnetic wave propagation in space, and the logistic distribution of the massive number of magnetic monopoles in the universe. We elaborate on how these seemingly unrelated mysteries in physics are intimately intertwined together around magnetic monopoles.
Wild Animals Used as Food Source in the Region of the Serra do Conduru State Park – PESC, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Teixeira Joanison Vicente dos Santos , Santos Jade Silva dos , Guanaes Deyna Hulda Arêas , Rocha Wesley Duarte da , Schiavetti Alexandre
Published: October 2020

Background: The consumption of wild animals through hunting performs an essential role in human eating habits in different tropical areas. However, the frequent and consistent use of hunting is indicated as one of the main causes of extinction and/or population decline in various species. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the wild animals used as food source in five locations in the region of the Serra do Conduru State Park, Bahia, Brazil.Methods: The field survey was carried out from June 2016 to July 2017 by conducting semi-structured interviews, complemented by informal conversations with 45 hunters (44 men and one women), who provided information on hunted species, the purpose of hunting, capture techniques, and other aspects of hunting. We characterized the composition of the species used for feeding in the five locations through permutation multivariate analyses of variance. Generalized linear models were built to assess whether the socio-demographic variables of the hunters affect the number of captured species.Results: A total of 67 species (34 families and 22 orders) of hunting importance were registered in the region, 41 of which are captured for eating. The taxa most represented were: mammals (32), birds (21), reptiles (13) and amphibia (1). Pecari tajacu, Dasypus novemcinctus, and Cuniculus paca are the most hunted species for food. Hunters who still reside within the conservation unit capture a greater number of wild animals. Older hunters and hunters with a smaller family size hunt more species. The rifle and domestic dogs are the most used techniques in the region.Conclusion: The results demonstrate that illegal hunting is a practice that still occurs in the region of the Serra do Conduru State Park. This reinforces the need for measures aimed at the conservation of hunted species, especially those found to be under some degree of threat in nature. Future research is necessary to estimate the pressure hunting exerts on the region and to assess its impact on local fauna.
Postoperative Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Patients with Optimal Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Feng Xiaojie , Chen Hongmin , Li Lei , Gao Ling , Bai Xupeng , Wang Li
Published: October 2020

Background. Few studies investigated the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) in patients with optimal response to neoadjuvant CT (NACT), and an optimal number of treatment cycles for these patients remains unknown. Methods. A total of 261 Chinese patients with FIGO stage Ib2–IIb cervical cancer who showed an optimal response to NACT were included after radical surgery (RS), and the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients treated with different cycles of postoperative adjuvant CT were compared. Results. We found that patients treated with different cycles of postoperative adjuvant CT were significantly better than those without further therapy. The multivariate analysis showed that postoperative adjuvant CT was an independent prognostic factor for DFS. However, there was no significant difference in the DFS and OS between patients who had 3 cycles of adjuvant CT and those with 6 cycles. Further analysis revealed a significant association of 6 cycles of adjuvant CT with increased risk of leukopenia, nausea/vomiting, and rash. Conclusion. These data suggest that additional 3 cycles of adjuvant CT after NACT + RS may improve the clinical outcome of optimal responders in terms of DFS, OS, and drug toxicity.
Antioxidant Stress and Anticancer of Peptide Chelate Selenium Element in vitro
Authors: Li Xian , Wang Xianjue , Liu Gang , Xu Yanan , Wu Xinlin , Yi Ru , Jin Feng , Sa Chula , Su Xiulan
Published: October 2020

This contribution reports a facile synthesis of anticancer bioactive peptides (ACBP) - functionalized selenium particles (ACBP-S-Se) with enhanced anticancer activities and a detailed mechanistic evaluation of its regulation of oxidative stress in vitro. Structural and chemical characterizations were proved by ultraviolet absorption spectrum (UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Nuclear magnetic resonance carbon (13C NMR) and hydrogen spectra (H NMR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrom (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results show that ACBP are effectively sulfhydrylation modification with S-acetylmercaptosuccinic anhydride (SAMSA) via chemical absorption. After the polypeptide was modified by sulfhydrylation, there were many sulfhydryl groups on the molecule, and the sulfhydryl group was used as the binding site of Se. A panel of selected human cancer cell lines demonstrated high susceptibility toward ACBP-S-Se and displayed significantly reduced proliferative abilities. Finally, the results presented herein suggest bioactive peptide chelate selenium element effectively inhibited the proliferation of MKN-45 and MKN-74 cell in vitro, which in turns allowed the successful application of the ACBP-S-Se in highly complex human cell lines. The related the regulation of oxidative stress gene is CDKN1A, CCNB1, TXN and MAP3K5, while CDKN1A and TXN have ability to protecting cells to reduce oxidative stress and promoting cell growth arrest. Therefore, the great potential exhibited by ACBP-S-Se could make them an ideal candidate as a chemotherapeutic agent for human cancers, especially for gastric cancer.
Strong enhancement of electron-impact-ionization processes in hot dense plasma by transient spatial localization
Authors: Zeng Jiaolong , Liu Pengfei , Gao Cheng , Li Yongjun , Yuan Jianmin
Published: October 2020

The current standard atomic collision theory cannot explain recent experiments on electron-ion collisional ionization processes in hot dense plasma. We suggest that the use of (distorted) plane waves for incident and scattered electrons is not adequate to describe dissipation during the ionization event. Random collisions with free electrons and ions in plasma cause electron matter waves to lose their phase, which results in partial decoherence of incident and scattered electrons. Such a plasma-induced transient spatial localization of the continuum-electron states signiﬁcantly modiﬁes the wave functions of continuum electrons, resulting in a strong enhancement of electron-ion collisional ionization of ions in plasma compared with isolated ions. We develop a theoretical formulation to calculate the diﬀerential and integral cross sections by incorporating the eﬀects of plasma screening and transient spatial localization. The approach is then used to investigate electron-impact ionization of ions in solid-density magnesium plasma and gives results that are consistent with experiment. The correlation of continuum-electron energies is modiﬁed and the integral cross sections and rates increase considerably in hot dense plasma. For ionization of Mg9+ e+ 1s2 2s 2S → 1s2 1S + 2e, the ionization cross sections increase several-fold and the rates increase by one order of magnitude. Our ﬁndings shed new insight on collisional ionization and three-body recombination and should aid in investigations of the transport properties and nonequilibrium evolution of hot dense plasma.
Global dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 clades and their relation to COVID-19 epidemiology
Authors: Hamed Samira M. , Elkhatib Walid F. , Khairallah Ahmed S. , Noreddin Ayman M.
Published: October 2020

Expansion of COVID-19 worldwide increases interest in unraveling genomic variations of novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. Metadata of 60,703 SARS-CoV-2 genomes submitted to GISAID database were analyzed with respect to genomic clades and their geographic, age, and gender distributions. Clade GR was the most frequently identified followed by G and GH. Chronological analysis revealed expansion in SARS-CoV-2 clades with D614Gmutations indicating adaptation-driven evolution. Of them, clade GH showed a slight regression. GR, GH and L clades prevail in countries with higher deaths. GR clade showed higher prevalence among severe/deceased patients. Metadata analysis showed higher (p > 0.05) prevalence of severe/deceased cases among males than females and predominance of GR clade in female and children patients. Furthermore, severe disease/death was more prevalent (p < 0.05) in elderly than in adults/children. These findings uniquely provide an evidence-based evolution of SARS-CoV-2 leading to altered infectivity, virulence, and mortality.
Pharmacological treatment for patients with coronavirus disease 2019: systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Abu-Raya Bahaa , Mijovic Hana , Donken Robine , Cabrera Adriana , Kitchin Vanessa , Chow Rachael , Leishman Rose , Pan Christina , Paquette Vanessa , Roberts Ashley , Sadarangani Manish
Published: October 2020

Background: The best treatment for COVID-19 is not known, with numerous agents under investigation. We determined the outcomes of patients with COVID-19 treated with different pharmacological agents. Methods: In this systematic review, we searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies published between 1stJanuary and 12thAugust, 2020. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of patients with COVID-19 treated with any pharmacological agent and compared with a different pharmacological agent, placebo or standard of care. Results: From 6346 citations, 19 studies were included, with an overall low risk of bias. Two RCTs evaluated the use of remdesivir in laboratory-confirmed moderate-to-severe COVID-19. One study found that 10 days of remdesivir was associated with shortened recovery time. Neither found reduction in mortality. One RCT found no association of lopinavir/ritonavir with time to clinical improvement, or mortality benefit. Two RCTs of hydrochloroquine in patients with mild, early disease demonstrated no reduction in disease severity, hospitalization rate, death or viral load. Two RCTs observed no association of hydrochloroquine in hospitalized patients with mild-to-moderate disease with virological clearance, improvement in symptoms, need for respiratory support or death. One RCT showed that the use of steroids was associated with improved survival in patients with moderate-to-severe disease, especially those requiring respiratory support. Conclusions: There is evidence for the benefit of steroids in patients with moderate-to-severe disease. Remdesivir might shorten recovery time in patients hospitalized with moderate-to-severe disease. There is currently no evidence to support the use of lopinavir/ritonavir or hydrochloroquine.Study’s Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020184433.
Testing the effect of new biopesticides on soilborne pathogens of vegetable diseases using DNA markers
Authors: Pavlovskaya N. E. , Gagarina I. N. , Gavrilova A. Yu. , Borodin D. B.
Published: October 2020

In protected ground, vegetables are exposed to various pests and pathogens of viral, bacterial or fungal diseases. Growing vegetables indoors requires the elimination of all chemical treatments and control over pathogens and pests. In this regard, the application of sensitive methods based on molecular markers in the diagnostics of pathogens is highly relevant. In this work, polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the most common diseases of tomato (Xanthomonas euvesicatoria), cucumber (Ascochyta cucumis) and potato (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Sepedonicus) plants. It was established that early diagnosis of vegetable diseases using polymerase chain reaction allows rapid detection of trace amounts of pathogenic microorganisms thus facilitating selection of effective fungicidal preparations. The creation of biological protection for vegetable crops is relevant considering their nutritional importance. New biological methods for protecting vegetables in greenhouses were tested. Thus, the fungicidal effect of the authors’ patented preparation developed for pre-sowing treatment of vegetable seeds in protected ground on the pathogens of tomato  black  bacterial  spot  (Xanthomonas  euvesicatoria)  and  cucumber  stem  hypertrophy (Ascochyta cucumis) was confirmed. Another preparation patented as a means of pre-sowing treatment of pea seeds demonstrated fungicidal action against the development of Phytophthora infectants on potato plants. It was observed that these preparations are effective at concentrations of 10-4 % for soaking seeds and double treatment of plants during the flowering period.
Effects of low-temperature treatment on the activity of proteolytic enzymes in various flour types
Authors: Kitaevskaya S. V. , Reshetnik O. A.
Published: October 2020

This work was aimed at investigating effects of low-temperature processing on the activity of proteolytic enzymes in various flour types. This study allowed an improved understanding of the mechanisms that change biotechnological processes in semi-finished dough products during low-temperature storage. The study of the effect of long-term low-temperature exposure on the activity of proteolytic enzymes in various flour types showed that this parameter depends on the medium pH, as well as on the flour type. During low-temperature storage, the activity of acid proteases tend to decrease by, on average, 10% in both traditional and non-traditional types of flour used for baking. The activity of weakly acidic and weakly alkaline proteases under the influence of low temperatures during storage depends on the flour type. At pH = 5.5, an increase in the duration of low-temperature exposure leads to a decrease in the proteolytic activity of spelt, wheat and buckwheat flour by, on average, 20, 12.5, and 18%, respectively. Conversely, this parameter increases in rye and oat flour by 12 and 28%, respectively. Under the influence of freezing and during low-temperature storage, the activity of weakly alkaline proteases in all studied flour types increases by 15.9%, except for buckwheat, the proteolytic activity of which decreases by 1.5–2 times during storage. It was established that proteolytic enzymes of corn flour exhibit the greatest resistance to long-term storage in a frozen form. Knowledge of the effect of low-temperature processing on the activity of proteolytic enzymes is important for predicting the rheological properties of semi-finished dough products and structural-mechanical and organoleptic characteristics of finished products. In addition, this knowledge facilitates the development of recipes and technological parameters for producing new bakery products based on frozen semi-finished products from traditional and non-traditional flour types.
Protatrans as biomodulators of Candida ethanolica growth
Authors: Kiryukhina A. S. , Lozovaya T. S. , Privalova E. A. , Fedoseeva V. G. , Oborina E. N. , Adamovich S. N. , Rozentsveig I. B.
Published: October 2020

This study was aimed at investigating compounds from a series of protatranes as biostimulants for the growth of the Candida ethanolica yeast. The relevance of the study is associated with the need to determine conditions accelerating the growth of microorganisms in the presence of such highly effective, physiologically active and non-toxic compounds as protatranes. The research object was the Candida ethanolica yeast cultivated on a synthetic nutrient medium containing 1.5% ethanol solution as a carbon source. Protatrans were used at concentrations of 1·10-6 – 1·10-8 wt%. The number of yeast cells was controlled by determining the optical density of yeast suspensions using a KFK-3 Zomax photoelectrocolorimeter at a wavelength of 540 nm and optical path length of 10 mm. The determination of yeast biomass was carried out gravimetrically. The first stage of the work set out to study the accumulation of cells and biomass at various initial yeast cell concentrations. It was revealed that a slight increase in the initial concentration of yeast cells leads to a noticeable shift of the entire S-curve to the left. A comparison of the obtained data sets showed that the investigated protatranes significantly increase the specific growth rate and reduce the generation time during the log phase, provided that this phase accounts for a significant part of the cultivation process. However, the presence of protatranes significantly reduce the specific growth rate and increase the generation period in the log phase, provided that the culture remains in the stationary phase for a significant part of the cultivation time. This is likely to be associated with the positive effect of protatranes on protein synthesis, which is most intense during the log phase. The use of protatranes facilitates the control over the number of cells, amount of biomass, specific growth rate and generation time of the Candida ethanolica yeast depending on the initial cell concentration and, accordingly, the growth phase of the culture.
IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of industrial polyvinyl chloride suspension
Authors: Bayandin V. V. , Shaglaeva N. S. , Podgorbunskaya T. A. , Lukyanov N. D. , Minaev N. V. , Makarov С. С.
Published: October 2020

In terms of the contemporary plastic industry, world production of polyvinyl chloride is second only to polyolefins. Recyclable by almost all known methods, polyvinyl chloride offers high strength, good insulating properties, as well as resistance to acids, oxidising agents and solvents. At the same time, the ability to process polyvinyl chloride into products is limited by its lack of stability at high melt viscosity temperatures, since hydrogen chloride released during its heating catalyses further process of polymer decomposition. Thus, due to the softening temperature of polyvinyl chloride being higher than its decomposition temperature, it cannot be processed in its pure form. Consequently, functional polyvinyl chloride-based materials tend to be composites. By varying the composition of mixtures, plastic masses characterised by either very soft (plastic compounds) or hard (vinyl plastics) structures can be obtained. The properties of polyvinyl chloride-based polymer products are largely determined by the structure and morphology of the polymer. In the present work, the properties of industrial suspension polyvinyl chloride (Sayanskkhimplast JSC, Irkutsk Oblast) were studied in detail for the first time. The molecular weight of the polymer determined by the viscometric method was 1.0 · 106. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that polyvinyl chloride mass loss started to occur at 160 °C. Following the complete IR band assignment of the polymer, the polyvinyl chloride under study was established to contain no foreign substances (impurities of stabilisers, emulsifiers and additives). The diffraction curve of the polymer was established to be qualitatively similar to equivalent partially crystalline polymers. Two amorphous halos were detected at 2θ of 24° 30′ and 39° 30′ below a group of crystalline peaks. The crystallinity degree of polyvinyl chloride was determined and mechanisms for the formation of its regular and irregular structure were proposed.
Effect of transformational and transactional leadership on SMEs in Indonesia
Authors: Viana Feranita Nungky , Nugraha Alifian , Andrean Sukoco Sampir
Published: October 2020

Leadership has an important role in achieving the SMEs’ innovation and performance. One of the great concepts of leadership styles is the Burns’ (1978) concept, which divides leadership into two: transformational and transactional. This study analyzed the direct and indirect effect of transformational and transactional leadership on SMEs’ performance. This was conducted in seven regencies/cities in East Java Province, with 165 SMEs on superior indigenous food and beverage. The main research data were obtained by distributing the questionnaires. It uses path analysis to determine the direct and indirect effect using the LISREL software. The results showed that transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on SMEs’ innovation and performance directly and indirectly. Transactional leadership has a direct positive and insignificant effect on SMEs’ innovation and performance. However, transactional leadership was found to have an indirect positive and significant effect on SMEs’ performance. In conclusion, transformational leadership is more important for improving SMEs’ performance in Indonesia than transactional. These results provide a practical contribution for SMEs’ leaders to improve transformational leadership, which is oriented towards charisma, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration. AcknowledgmentThe researcher thanked the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia, for funding this research.
PEMANFAATAN RAGAM MEDIA BELAJAR PADA MATERI SAINS DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Karsono Karsono , Alimah Siti , Bintari Siti Harnia
Published: October 2020

Proses belajar mengajar pada tingkat sekolah dasar mata pelajaran sains memerlukan pembelajaran konkret yang mampu menciptakan kondisi belajar peserta didik lebih menarik, dan menyenangkan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemanfaatan ragam media belajar terhadap hasil belajar, aktivitas belajar dan tanggapan peserta didik terhadap pemanfaatan ragam media belajar pada materi organ tubuh manusia dan hewan di sekolah dasar. Metode penelitian menggunakan quasi eksperimental design nonequivalent pre-test and post-test control-group design. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode dokumentasi, metode tes, metode observasi, dan angket. Hasil penelitian meliputi ketuntasan hasil belajar dianalisis dengan one sample t test, peningkatan hasil belajar dianalisis dengan uji N-gain, uji perbedaan rata-rata dua kelompok dianalisis dengan independent sample test, aktivitas peserta didik, aktivitas guru dan tanggapan peserta didik dianalisis dengan deskriptif persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dan control. Aktivitas peserta didik dan guru menjadi sangat aktif dan kategori sangat baik. Tanggapan peserta didik terhadap ragam media tergolong kategori tinggi.
KOMPARASI MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA MATERI PERUBAHAN LINGKUNGAN DAN DAUR ULANG LIMBAH MELALUI METODE EVERYONE IS TEACHER HERE DAN GUIDED NOTE TAKING
Authors: Nur Safitri Uli , Khoiri Nur , Hariz Anif Rizqianti
Published: October 2020

Motivasi belajar merupakan suatu dorongan yang berasal dari dalam diri sendiri maupun dari luar yang  mempengaruhi peserta didik dalam kegiatan belajar. Permasalahan yang sering terjadi di kelas adalah kurangnya motivasi belajar siswa dan variasi metode pembelajaran yang dipakai oleh guru dalam proses pembelajaran biologi. Dalam setiap pembelajaran siswa terkadang tidak selalu semangat dalam belajar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Menjelaskan kriteria motivasi belajar siswa pada materi perubahan lingkungan dan daur ulang limbah menggunakan metode everyone is teacher here dan guided note taking dan Menganalisis perbedaan motivasi belajar siswa  menggunakan metode everyone is teacher here dan guided note taking pada kelas X  MAN 1 Semarang tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan desain quasi eksperimental. Hasil skor motivasi belajar melalui metode everyone is teacher here yaitu 73,97 sedangkan melalui metode guided note taking sebesar 69,81. Sehingga dapat diketahui bahwa motivasi belajar siswa melalui metode everyone is teacher here lebih tinggi dibanding metode guided note taking. Berdasarkan analisis uji t diketahui t hitung sebesar 2.3315 dan t tabel 1,666. Sehingga dapat disimpulan Ha diterima karena thitung > ttabel
PENGEMBANGAN FOUR-TIER MULTIPLE CHOICE DIAGNOSTIC TEST UNTUK MENDETEKSI PEMAHAMAN KONSEP KOGNITIF MATERI KATABOLISME PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XII SMA / MA
Authors: Salamah Umi , Khasanah Nur , Hayati Nur
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini mengembangkan Four-tier multiple choice diagnostic test (tes diagnostik pilihan ganda empat tingkat) pada materi katabolisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik butir soal instumen tes diagnostik empat tingkat, dan mendeteksi pemahaman konsep kognitif yang dialami peserta didik pada materi katabolisme. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Research and Development (R&D). Subjek uji coba adalah peserta didik kelas XII IPA MAN 2 Semarang tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Metode pengambilan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, tes, pengisian angket, dan dokumentasi. Tes diagnostik terdiri dari empat tingkat, yaitu tingkat pertama terdiri dari pertanyaan dengan satu kunci jawaban dan empat pengecoh, tingkat kedua terdiri dari tingkat keyakinan jawaban, tingkat ketiga terdiri dari pilihan alasan, dan tingkat keempat terdiri dari tingkat keyakinan alasan. Instrumen yang dihasilkan berupa kisi-kisi, petunjuk pengerjaan soal, soal tes, kunci jawaban, petunjuk pengisian lembar jawaban, lembar jawaban, pedoman penskoran, dan pedoman interpretasi hasil. Instrumen soal ini layak digunakan berdasarkan uji validasi oleh empat dosen yakni dua dosen ahli materi dan dua dosen ahli evaluasi. Instrumen yang dikembangkan sebanyak 40 butir soal. Hasil validasi menunjukkan 37 butir soal valid, dan 3 butir soal tidak valid dan semua reliabel. Reliabilitas butir soal yang dikembangkan masuk kategori tinggi yaitu sebesar 0,894. Produk akhir butir soal yang dihasilkan mempunyai jumlah 37 butir soal terdiri dari 4 butir soal mudah, 24 butir soal sedang, dan 9 butir soal susah. Butir soal yang dikembangkan juga memiliki daya beda dengan kategori  4 butir soal cukup baik dan 33 butir soal baik. sebanyak 18 indikator soal ditemukan mengalami miskonsepsi. Miskonsepsi tertinggi ditemukan pada konsep analisis peran enzim. Miskonsepsi terendah ditemukan pada konsep analisis peran ATP dan perubahan molekul saat transpor elektron dan fosforilasi oksidatif
PEMIKIRAN ETIKA POLITIK MUHAMMAD CHOLIL BISRI DALAM AL-DURR AL-RUMBĀNĪ
Authors: Irfan Agus , Sarjuni Sarjuni
Published: October 2020

This article discusses the idea of Political Ethics from one of the Indonesian scholars named Muhammad Cholil Bisri in the Book of Al-Durr Al-Rumbānī. This study is under descriptive qualitative research using a socio-historical approach and sociology of knowledge that studies the interrelationships between thought and society. The results of this paper state that in Islam; the political problem is the area of ijtihādī which has strong roots in Islam. The relationship between them can be called a mutually reinforcing symbiotic relationship (ʻalāqah indimājiyah). One of the influences of Islam in political traditions, for instance is its teachings on ethics that must inspire all policy issues. Even ethical configuration must also inspire the most important elements in the democratic political systems as called political parties. The term animates, explains that Islam as a system does not have to be realized in the form of formalization of sharīa or political Islam movements. In addition to ethics, the goals that result from political dynamics must be in the form of benefit (maqṣad al-siyāsah). Therefore, political work carried out in the corridor of truth can be considered as worship and deliver the politician to the noblest profession in the sight of God.
Laparoscopic Repair of Near Complete Traumatic Duodenal Transaction in an Eight Years Old Child: A Case Report
Authors: Jan Iftikhar A. , Al Shehhi Muna Ahmed , Hassan Mokhtar Ali , Saqi Zahid Latif , Ahmad Syed Faheem
Published: October 2020

Background:

Traumatic duodenal perforation is a serious injury and is a result of major trauma and insult to the body. The management is difficult due to
associated injuries and these children often need major resuscitation. The standard surgical treatment of traumatic duodenal perforation is
laparotomy and repair of duodenal perforation. In children, laparoscopic repair of duodenal perforation is reported in only a few cases.

Case:

A repair of a near-complete duodenal transaction is not reported in the pediatric population. Herein, we report a case of an eight years old child
who had a road traffic accident, and sustained multiple injuries and duodenal perforation, as confirmed by radiological evaluation including CT
abdomen. The child was resuscitated, and later laparoscopy was performed, which showed gross bruising of the abdominal wall and a nearcomplete
transaction at the level of 3rd part of the duodenum.

Conclusion:

Laparoscopic repair of the duodenum was performed using interrupted polyglycolic sutures. The child had a smooth post-op recovery and was
discharged home in stable condition. At one-year follow-up, the child remained well and symptom-free. This case highlights the role of the safety
of laparoscopic surgery in abdominal trauma and duodenal perforations.
Promising Anti-cancer Therapeutics From Mushrooms: Current Findings and Future Perceptions
Authors: Panda Mrunmaya K. , Paul Manish , Singdevsachan Sameer K. , Tayung Kumananda , Das Swagat K. , Thatoi Hrudayanath
Published: October 2020

Background:

Nowadays medicines derived from natural sources have drawn much attention as potential therapeutic agents in the suppression and treatment of cancer because of their low toxicity and fewer side effects.

Objective:

The present review aims to assess the currently available knowledge on the ethnomedicinal
uses and pharmacological activities of bioactive compounds obtained from medicinal mushrooms towards
cancer treatment.

Methods:

A literature search has been conducted for the collection of research papers from universally
accepted scientific databases. These research papers and published book chapters were scrutinized to
retrieve information on ethnomedicinal uses of mushrooms, different factors involved in cancer cell
proliferation, clinical and in silico pharmaceutical studies made for possible treatments of cancer using
mushroom derived compounds. Overall, 241 articles were retrieved and reviewed from the year 1970
to 2020, out of which 98 relevant articles were finally considered for the preparation of this review.

Results:

This review presents an update on the natural bioactive substances derived from medicinal
mushrooms and their role in inhibiting the factors responsible for cancer cell proliferation. Along with
it, the present review also provides information on the ethnomedicinal uses, solvents used for extraction
of anti-cancer metabolites, clinical trials, and in silico studies that were undertaken towards anticancer
drug development from medicinal mushrooms.

Conclusion:

The present review provides extensive knowledge on various anti-cancer substances obtained
from medicinal mushrooms, their biological actions, and in silico drug designing approaches,
which could form a basis for the development of natural anti-cancer therapeutics.
Enantioselective Analysis of Mexiletine Using Chromatographic
Techniques: A Review
Authors: Vashistha Vinod Kumar
Published: October 2020

Background:

Mexiletine belongs to the β-amino-aryl-ether group of pharmaceutical and applied in the diagnosis of antiarrhythmics, allodynia, and myotonic disorders. In its chemical structure, it possesses a chiral center and practiced in the form of the racemic mixture. The production and accessibility of mexiletine have accompanied with a meaningful development in awareness of its pharmacologic actions. But in clinical arrhythmias and binding experiments on cardiac sodium channels, the (R)-enantiomer of mexiletine is more potent than the (S)-enantiomer. Also, (S)-enantiomer is further active in the diagnosis of allodynia than the (R)-enantiomer.

Methods:

During the last two decades, chromatographic techniques such as HPLC, and GC coupled with mass spectrometry or field ionization detector was used for the stereoselective analysis of MEX enantiomers.

Results:

The direct enantioresolution deal with the use of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) with or no pre-derivatization which depend on a chromophoric entity in the racemates whereas indirect HPLC process involved the use of chiral derivatization reagents (CDR) for the synthesis of diastereomeric derivatives of racemates. Different techniques have their strengths and weaknesses.

Conclusion:

Regulation of enantiomeric purity and estimation of particular enantiomers of drug molecules stays an essential topic for therapeutic, diagnostic, and regulatory uses and to promote a precise assessment of the hazards to human health by false enantiomers. This review aims to offer a systematic survey of the analytical methods (chromatography based) used in the enantioselective analysis of MEX developed in the last two decades (the year 2000 onwards).
Exploring Structure-function Relationship of Two-dimensional Electrocatalysts with Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Absorption Spectrum
Authors: Zhang Nan , Wang Wenjie , Zhou Tianpei , Tian Yangchao , Chu Wangsheng
Published: October 2020

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with unique anisotropy and electronic properties
are deemed as an ideal platform for establishing clear relationships between structure and catalytic
reactivity. Knowledge of their structures is essential for understanding the catalytic behavior, which
further facilitates the development of high-performance catalysts. In this review, we focus on the
recent progress of synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectrum (XAS) techniques in exploring
the structure-function relationship of two-dimensional electrocatalysts. Also, we summarize the application
of XAS technique in disclosing key factors that affect the catalytic activity, including identification
of local atomic structure, electronic structure and defect structure. Through the characterization
of the catalytic process with XAS technique, we further highlight the atomic-level correlation
between structure and function in the field of oxygen evolution, oxygen reduction, hydrogen evolution
and CO2 reduction. Finally, we propose the major challenges and prospects of XAS technique
in advancing the development of two-dimensional electrocatalysts. We anticipate that this review provides
critical insights into the application of the XAS technique in electrocatalysis, thereby promoting
the development of advanced characterization techniques and the design of high-active catalysts.
The Commodification of Female Sensuality in Indonesian Film Industry: Case Study of Warkop DKI
Authors: Elsha Debby Dwi
Published: October 2020

This paper is an analysis of the process of commodification of female sensuality in an Indonesian- based film industry. Taking the case of Warkop DKI, a franchise film which continues commodifying comedy, social political criticism, and sexy women in generating profits since 1979. The commodification of female sensuality is displayed through stories, scenes, and shots which highlight parts of the female body as well as interactions between male and female characters that indicate sexual activities. However, in Warkop DKI Reborn: Jangkrik Boss! Part 1 and Part 2 which were released in 2017, the female sensuality was decreased. Applying qualitative method comprising from interviews, film observations and literature studies this paper found out that the presence of female producers does not play a great role in decreasing the use of female sensuality in those industry.
Social Economic Condition of Coastal Communities and Development Strategy of Capture Fisheries Potentials in Buleleng Regency
Authors: Negara I Ketut Wija
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the socio-economic conditions of coastal communities and determine the strategy for developing fisheries potential in Buleleng Regency. This research was conducted in seven districts: Gerogak, Seririt, Banjar, Buleleng, Sawan, Kubutambahan, and Tejakula. The research method uses SWOT Analysis. The full age range of fishermen is dominated by the age of 41-50 and the education level of Elementary Schools (SD). In general the condition of the fleet and fishing gear is still classified as small-scale fishing, with an average amount of fishermen income of Rp 1,000,000-2,000,000 / month. The recommended development strategy is the SO strategy: (1) organizing marketing of fish catches by fishermen groups; (2) compile investment profile of the opportunities in capture fisheries business; (3) enhancing the role of fisheries scouts to assist fishing activities. The fishery potential in WPP 713 can be maximized through the cooperation of fishermen in the form of a Kelompok Usaha Bersama  (KUB)
Music – Bodies – Machines
Authors: Rossiter Martine Louise
Published: October 2020

This article provides an overview of the Music – Bodies – Machines: Fritz Kahn and Acousmatic Music project and accompanying suite of music – Der Industriepalast.  The project is inspired by the work of infographics pioneer Fritz Kahn (1888-1968) who developed works such as Der Mensch als Industriepalast. There is a body of work examining Kahn’s work (Sappol, 2017; Von Debschitz, 2017; Doudova, Jacobs, et al.) that has revealed Kahn’s intent of making the human anatomy accessible to the non-specialised reader through visual metaphors; unlike the descriptive anatomical illustrations of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, which show how the human body looks, Kahn’s works visually explain how internal structures work using concepts, metaphors, and allusions.

This article explores some of the ways in which Kahn’s striking visual images have inspired the composition of five novel acousmatic works of music.  The article starts with a survey of existing works making use of similar, extra-musical influences to examine how extra-musical influences such as infographics and painting may influence the formal design of acousmatic music.  It goes on to consider how, exactly, the infographics of Fritz Kahn have been used within the project.  In some cases, this guides the choice of particular materials (such as the sound of a beating heart to represent an image of a heart monitor), but in other cases, there is influence on phrasing, placement, and even the formal design of entire pieces.

Taken as a whole, the article seeks to explore the following questions; 1) What impact does the context of a particular image have on a composers’ response? 2) How do composers respond to visual stimuli in acousmatic music?  What is their compositional process? 3) How do such parallels between the specific sonic and visual examples offer new interdisciplinary insight to artistic practices and research? 4) How do sound recording techniques inform acousmatic music and generate new creative processes that operate within the sphere of human-machine relations?
La arquitectura institucional de la política climática de México: un análisis desde el enfoque de integración de políticas
Authors: Solorio Sandoval Israel Felipe , Carrillo Jiménez Aldo Ricardo , Guzmán Gómez Ixchel Melissa
Published: October 2020

A pesar de que la Ley General de Cambio Climático (LGCC) es reconocida internacionalmente por su ambición y carácter innovador, y que en México es el fundamento de la política mexicana en la materia, no ha recibido la debida atención. El desinterés político ha afectado su implementación; además, la falta de estudios que aborden su funcionamiento ha limitado la comprensión sobre sus alcances y retos. Enfocando el análisis en su arquitectura institucional, este artículo contribuye al entendimiento sobre el diseño y funcionamiento de la LGCC
La Vaca Muerta no dejó ver el bosque: tres tendencias del desarrollo del fracking en Argentina en el periodo 2012-2019
Authors: Gutiérrez Ríos Felipe
Published: October 2020

El artículo aborda los primeros años de explotación de la formación Vaca Muerta (2012-2019) en la Patagonia Argentina, tomándola como un caso testigo. Su objetivo es tanto caracterizar el modelo hidrocarburífero no convencional, como describir las principales tendencias que posibilitaron su desarrollo. Para ello se busca, en primer lugar, situar a este tipo de explotación en el marco de la explotación de energías extremas durante la fase neoliberal en todo el continente. Posteriormente revisa los principales ejes identificados a lo largo de este proceso como son: la creación de un discurso oficial que permitió el desarrollo del fracking en un escenario altamente conflictivo; el alto impacto social y ambiental de su desarrollo, y la promoción directa por parte del Estado a través de cuerpos legales y millonarias transferencias. Dicho análisis se hace a través de la revisión de prensa, políticas públicas y medios especializados que permiten sistematizar este proceso desde la perspectiva de la ecología política.
Design of a Method for Test Diagnostics of an Internal Combustion Engine Based on the Analysis of the Exhaust Gas Composition
Authors: Gritsenko Aleksandr V. , Salimonenko Grigoriy N. , Nazarov Maksim V.
Published: October 2020

The introduction of methods for timely diagnostics of internal combustion engines allows maintaining the environmental indicators of the car fleet at the highest level. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in increasing the reliability of diagnostics of internal combustion engines by using data obtained by selective sampling of exhaust gases. (Materials and methods) Informational, mathematical and experimental research methods, including methods for statistical processing of results and analysis of data obtained during experiments were used during the study. (Results and discussion) The main systems that affect the environmental performance of internal combustion engines has been identified: the fuel supply system, the ignition system and the exhaust gas neutralization system. The article describes a generalized mathematical model for calculating the characteristics of exhaust gases. Authors conducted operational tests on 35 internal combustion engines with justification of their number according to standard methods. The actual value of diagnostic parameters was processed into relative percentages for drawing a nomogram. A zero value has been set for the reference state of the elements specified by the manufacturer. (Conclusions) It was found that the dominant number of failures accounted for internal combustion engines, in detail: the ignition system produces 15-25 percent of failures, the power system produces 30-44 percent, the exhaust system produces 10-15 percent. It was found that for unambiguous identification of any combination of factors, it is necessary to have output values of at least three evaluation criteria. It was found that the most sensitive parameters for evaluating the technical condition of the three systems are: changes in the engine crankshaft speed, the parameters of exhaust gas toxicity, CO, CO2, CH, O2 when providing test modes (operation of the internal combustion engine on 1 cylinder at 20 and 40 percent of the throttle opening). The article describes designed a gasoline engine loader for the implementation of diagnostic modes and control of diagnostic parameters, that allows to create operating loads with an accuracy of 0.1 percent.
Perspective Biomass Carrier for Anaerobic Processing Systems of Organic Waste AIC
Authors: Fedotov Anatoliy V. , Grigoriev Viktor S. , Kovalev Dmitriy A. , Kovalev Andrey A.
Published: October 2020

To speed up the wastewater treatment under aerobic conditions and to optimize the processes of anaerobic wastewater treatment in digesters, immobilization technologies of microorganisms and enzymes on solid carriers are used. Ceramic carriers based on aluminosilicates and alumina are one of the promising inorganic biomass carriers. (Research purpose) To study the structure of porous ceramic biomass carriers for anaerobic processing of organic waste and evaluate the prospects for their use. (Materials and methods) The substrate for anaerobic digestion was a mixture of sediments of the primary and secondary sewage sumps of the Lyubertsy treatment facilities. K-65 cattle feed was used to ensure the constancy of the composition of organic substances in substrates as a cosubstrate. The authors used the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption of Bruner-Emmett-Teller to study the pore structure and specific surface of solid carriers on a specific surface analyzer Quntachrome Autosorb-1. (Results and discussion) The main characteristics (specific surface, volume of micro- and mesopores, predominant pore radius, water absorption and others) of chamotte foam lightweight and highly porous corundum ceramics were determined. It was revealed that ceramic materials with a developed surface and electrically conductive material provided an increase in biogas yield by 3.8-3.9 percent with an increase in methane content by an average of 5 percent. (Conclusions) The results of anaerobic digestion showed a positive effect of both a conductive carrier and highly porous ceramic materials on the process of anaerobic bioconversion of organic waste into biogas. It is advisable to expand experimental studies on the use of a conductive carrier with a developed surface based on highly porous ceramics.