bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of a Neonatal Early-onset Sepsis Risk Calculator on Antibiotic Use in a Regional Australian Hospital
Authors: Zibell Kat , Du Plessis Louise , Peck Blake , Terry Daniel , Tickell David
Published: September 2024

Aims

The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the online neonatal EOS Calculator at an Australian regional hospital. In addition, the utility of commonly used biomarkers as screening tools for suspected Early Onset Sepsis (EOS) was also assessed.

Background

Early onset sepsis is a potentially fatal condition; however, it is also rare, and remains a diagnostic challenge. Despite evidence against the use of non-specific infection biomarkers in neonates, many neonatal facilities worldwide continue to use these to investigate and guide management of neonatal EOS. Nevertheless, there is little research regarding use of the neonatal EOS Calculator in Australian and non-tertiary facilities.

Objective

This study sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the online neonatal EOS Calculator at an Australian regional hospital.

Methods

Retrospective review of neonates born at ≥34+0 weeks gestation investigated and/or treated for presumed early onset sepsis across a two-year period within a 224-bed regional acute hospital in Victoria, Australia. Actual management was compared to neonatal EOS Calculator recommendations to determine the potential reduction in investigations and empiric intravenous antibiotic use. Outcome data and blood culture results were used to assess safety. Levels of commonly used biomarkers were compared to EOS calculation and clinical examination findings.

Results

Retrospective application of the EOS Calculator among 296 subjects with presumed EOS was shown to reduce investigation by 44.3% and empirical antibiotic use by 48.9%. No true cases of culture-positive sepsis were identified. Elevated initial C-reactive protein (CRP) correlated positively with high EOS Calculation results and clinical illness on examination; however, there was absent or negative correlation of EOS risk with other biomarkers.

Conclusion

Use of the neonatal EOS Calculator may substantially reduce rates of investigation and empirical antibiotic use at regional facilities. However, more data is needed to establish the safety of the calculator. Biomarkers are of low value in clinical decision making with well infants and may hinder decision making when compared to the EOS Calculator and clinical examination.
Controlling Obesity and Hypertension: Policies Oriented towards Behavior Change
Authors: Agustina Dewi , Wasiyem   , Bestari Eliza , Safari Fifi Ria Ningsih , Utami Tri Niswati , Aidha Zuhrina , Eliska   , Astuty Delfriana Ayu
Published: September 2024

Background

Hypertension and obesity are emerging as significant non-communicable disease threats that can be addressed through behavioral changes.

Objective

This research aimed to develop policies to control hypertension and obesity among secondary school teachers.

Methods

A qualitative research approach using a descriptive study design was employed involving 21 research participants. Data were collected through interviews and observations, and height and weight measurements were taken to determine the body mass index. Five thematic areas were explored: 1) snack consumption, 2) sleep habits, 3) family health history, 4) exercise habits, and 5) health complaints in the last 6 months. Information obtained from participants was assessed for validity, guided by a logical, participant-centered theoretical framework. Thematic analysis was conducted for data analysis.

Results

This study has revealed a trend among the participants, i.e., 10 study participants were with systolic blood pressure exceeding 139 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure exceeding 90 mmHg. Fifteen participants were classified as obese, while 2 participants were categorized as overweight. Consumption of fried snacks emerged as the most common unhealthy dietary pattern among most of the participants. Unhealthy dietary patterns, such as consumption of fried snacks, and health problems, including hypertension, obesity, and musculoskeletal complaints, contribute to the risk of non-communicable diseases in the school teacher population.

Conclusion

Adopting preventive measures and a healthy lifestyle are essential to reduce health problems.
Experimental Investigation into the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Curcumin for Orofacial Dental Pain Management
Authors: Tripathi Devika , Akram Ramiza , Kumar Raghvendra , Wal Pranay , Kumar Rai Awani , Rai Vinayak , Gupta Tanya
Published: September 2024

Background:

The orofacial mucous membrane is an appealing route for drug delivery
to improve both systemic and local treatments. The aim of the present study was to develop
an oral dental film loaded with curcumin hydrotropic solid dispersion for sustained drug delivery
in the orofacial region. Compared to other dosage forms, films are the most elegant, palatable,
and suitable systems for systemic mucosal drug delivery.

Methods:

A hydrotropic solid dispersion technique utilizing 2 M sodium salicylate was developed
to enhance the solubility of curcumin, addressing its poor water solubility. By forming a
solid dispersion with a 1:4 ratio through solvent evaporation, the in-vitro physicochemical properties
of the curcumin-loaded system were evaluated.

Results:

The utilization of sodium salicylate hydrotrope in a molecular dispersion significantly
improved the solubility and bioavailability of curcumin. Subsequently, an oral dental film loaded
with hydrotropic solid dispersion was developed using the solvent casting method with
HPMC and gelatin as mucoadhesive polymers. Six different films were prepared using polymeric
blends with HPMC and gelatin, which showed homogeneity, yellowish colour, and high drug
content uniformity of 98.56 ± 3.24, with thickness ranging from 0.16 mm to 0.24 mm. The films
exhibited excellent folding endurance and tensile strength for improved patient palatability. Invitro
studies demonstrated a significant enhancement in curcumin release, reaching a maximum
of 94.66% over seven days in the presence of sodium salicylate hydrotrope, following firstorder
kinetics. An ex vivo permeation of Cur-F3 film had a significant effect on mucoadhesion.

Conclusion:

Using hydrotropes in oral film formulation is a new and sustainable method for
delivering clinically significant curcumin through the oral mucosa. As a result, it is recommended
for use in the design of treatments for other dental diseases.

conclusion:

The utilization of hydrotropes for oral film formulation presents a robust and sustainable technique for the oral mucosal delivery of curcumin, a compound with significant clinical implications. This could potentially revolutionize the field of dental therapeutics, offering a more efficient and patient-friendly method of drug delivery.
Endonasal Endoscopic Approaches to the Sellar Region and the Anterior Fossa
Authors: Ordóñez-Rubiano Edgar G. , Zorro Oscar , Rincón Arias Nicolás , Abdalá-Vargas Nadin J. , Patiño-Gómez Javier G. , Contreras López William Omar
Published: September 2024

Endonasal endoscopic approaches have revolutionized surgical access to the
sellar region and anterior fossa. These minimally invasive techniques utilize the natural
nasal corridors to reach the target area, avoiding the need for external incisions. The
endoscope provides excellent visualization and magnification, enabling precise surgical
maneuvers. In this chapter, the authors describe the anatomical features for performing
endoscopic endonasal approaches to the Sella and the anterior fossa. These approaches
include the traditional endoscopic transsphenoidal approach to the Sella and extended
endonasal approaches, including trans tuberculum, transplant, and transcribiform
approaches. The most remarkable anatomical landmarks and surgical tenets are
discussed. The anterior fossa houses critical structures like the anterior cranial base and
the olfactory system. These structures can be approached for the resection of tumors,
repair of cerebrospinal fluid leaks, and management of traumatic injuries. Endonasal
endoscopic approaches offer reduced morbidity, shorter hospital stays, and faster
recovery than traditional open approaches. Our clinical series shows that technological
advancements and modern endoscopic surgical techniques further enhance the safety
and efficacy of conventional transnasal methods, making them indispensable tools in
the armamentarium of contemporary skull-base surgeons.
Endoscopic Anatomy of the Transcallosal Hemispherotomy: A Cadaver Study With Advanced 3D Modeling
Authors: Varela René O. , Somma Alberto Di , Pineda Jose , Roldán Pedro , Rumià Jordi , Prats Alberto G. , Contreras López William Omar
Published: September 2024

Transcallosal hemispherotomy is a surgical procedure used to treat severe
epileptic seizures from a single brain hemisphere. This procedure involves the
disconnection of the affected hemisphere from the rest of the brain, effectively
preventing the spread of epileptic activity and reducing the frequency and severity of
seizures. Endoscopic anatomy plays a crucial role in transcallosal hemispherectomy, as
it allows for a minimally invasive approach. Using endoscopic techniques, surgeons
can access and visualize the corpus callosum, a thick bundle of nerve fibers connecting
the two cerebral hemispheres. This technique provides a clear view of the anatomical
landmarks and enables precise disconnection of the affected hemisphere, while
preserving critical neural structures. In this chapter, the authors review the endoscopic
anatomy relevant to the transcallosal hemispherectomy identification of the corpus
callosum's rostrum, genu, body, and splenium. By carefully navigating through these
structures, surgeons can safely sever the connections between the affected and healthy
hemispheres. This disconnection allows for better seizure control and improved quality
of life for patients with severe epilepsy. The use of an endoscopic technique for
transcallosal hemispherectomy may enable neurosurgeons to employ a minimally
invasive approach to accomplish a precise disconnection of the affected hemisphere. It
may thus form the basis for improved patient outcomes.
Percutaneous Lumbar Facet Rhizolysis with Radiofrequency
Authors: Sančević Žanko Radovan , Silva Alvaro , Lewandrowski Kai-Uwe
Published: September 2024

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is highly prevalent and may be caused by
arthritic changes in the lumbar facet joints. Percutaneous lumbar facet rhizolysis with
radiofrequency (RF) has emerged as a minimally invasive procedure for the
management of CLBP originating from the lumbar facet joints by selectively disrupting
the medial and lateral branches of the dorsal branch of the sinuvertebral nerves
transmitting pain signals from the facet joints to the nervous system. The authors
employ a modern RF probe inserted percutaneously near the affected facet joint during
the fluoroscopically guided procedure. Once the cannula is positioned correctly, RF
energy is delivered, generating localized heat and creating a thermal lesion on the
medial branch nerves supplying the facet joint. This selective thermal lesioning
disrupts the pain transmission pathway without affecting motor function, thus
providing pain relief for an extended period. The RF technology employed by the
authors is based on Elliquence low-frequency technology and is known to cause little
tissue damage beyond the target area. The authors present the clinical results with their
extended clinical cohort. This procedure can be performed outpatient, requiring
minimal sedation and quicker recovery than traditional surgical approaches. This
chapter aims to illustrate the efficacy of percutaneous lumbar facet rhizolysis with the
Elliquence RF Dart probe in the management of CLBP by comparatively analyzing the
existing clinical evidence regarding long-lasting pain reduction, improved function, and
overall patient satisfaction.
Unilateral Laminotomy for Bilateral Decompression
Authors: Zhang Xifeng , Yuqiu Yan , Rongqiang Bu , Jiajing Zhang , Haitao Fan , Qingquan Zeng , Lewandrowski Kai-Uwe
Published: September 2024

Unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (UBE) is a minimally
invasive surgical procedure for treating lumbar disc herniation that is associated with
bony and soft tissue stenosis. This technique best suits surgeons who want to take
advantage of their great experience with the translaminar approach. It simplifies the
endoscopic learning curve by placing the endoscopic working cannula onto the
posterior spinal elements rather than placing it into the neuroforamen. This chapter
describes the technical and procedural aspects of UBE by providing a detailed
overview of the procedure, its indications, contraindications, surgical steps, and
potential complications. Furthermore, we highlight the advantages and limitations of
this innovative technique and discuss its established role in spinal surgery.
Unveiling the Cochlear Physiology Behind Hidden Hearing Loss
Authors: Anagha A.P , Chacko Gish , Sakariyas Sandhra , Nimma Architha Reddy , James Rachel
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The study is aimed at identifying the cochlear physiology behind hearing impairment at extended high frequencies (EHF) despite having a normal threshold in conventional audiogram. Secondly, it is compared with the levels of Distortion Product Oto Acoustic Emissions (DPOAE).Methods: A total of 21 participants were included in the study, who have EHF loss with normal Pure tone Audiometry (PTA) thresholds. EHF testing was performed exclusively at 10 kHz, 12.5 kHz, 14 kHz, and 16 kHz using Modified Hughson-Westlake procedure. Distortion Product OAE levels were also estimated at 2 kHz, 4 kHz, and 5 kHz.Results: Significant correlation between EHF loss and DPOAE levels was seen in 10 out of the 21 participants (47.6% of the total) for one or more of the standard frequencies and ears. Whereas DPOAE’s were present in the remaining participants.Conclusions: Reduced or absent DPOAE levels with EHF loss in spite normal audiogram results reveal the potential aetiology as Cochlear Synaptopathy leading to Hidden Hearing Loss. This demands the inclusion of EHF audiometry for unveiling Hidden Hearing Loss in assessing young and adult population. It brings forth a significant change in the outcomes of Early Intervention.
Prevalence of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Patients with Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sarouji Sondos , Aziz Mohd Azmarul A , Zakaria Mohd Normani , Hassan Nik Fariza Husna Nik , Ismail Izzat
Published: September 2024

Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is a prevalent and clinically significant challenge among patients with stroke, affecting their quality of life and overall prognosis. This systematic review aims to comprehensively assess and synthesize existing evidence on the prevalence of OD in a patient’s stroke. A comprehensive literature search was performed in major medical databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, from inception to March 2023. Studies revealed the prevalence of OD in adult stroke patients. Two reviewers independently assessed the titles, abstracts, and full texts of potentially eligible studies. The studies were evaluated for bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal checklist. Data from the studies were extracted, and a meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of OD in stroke patients. The initial search yielded 1,272 relevant studies, of which eight met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. The combined sample size of the studies included was 1,830 patients. The pooled prevalence of OD in stroke patients was estimated to be 31.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.0-55.0%). Subgroup analysis based on stroke type (ischemic vs. hemorrhagic), stroke location (left hemisphere vs. right hemisphere vs. brainstem), and time since stroke onset was conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. In conclusion, the study highlights the significant burden of OD in patients with stroke, emphasizing the need for early detection, comprehensive assessment, and tailored interventions to improve patient outcomes and identify risk factors.
Exploring the Feasibility of Digital Voice Assistants for Delivery of a Home-Based Exercise Intervention in Older Adults With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Glavas Costas , Scott David , Sood Surbhi , George Elena S , Daly Robin M , Gvozdenko Eugene , de Courten Barbora , Jansons Paul
Published: September 2024

Background

Current clinical guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in older adults recommend the use of antihyperglycemic medications, monitoring of blood glucose levels, regular exercise, and a healthy diet to improve glycemic control and reduce associated comorbidities. However, adherence to traditional exercise programs is poor (<35%). Common barriers to adherence include fear of hypoglycemia and the need for blood glucose level monitoring before exercise. Digital health strategies offer great promise for managing T2DM as they facilitate patient-practitioner communication, support self-management, and improve access to health care services for underserved populations. We have developed a novel web-based software program allowing practitioners to create tailored interventions and deliver them to patients via digital voice assistants (DVAs) in their own homes.

Objective

We aim to evaluate the feasibility of a 12-week, home-based, personalized lifestyle intervention delivered and monitored by DVAs for older adults with obesity and T2DM.

Methods

In total, 50 older adults with obesity aged 50-75 years with oral hypoglycemic agent–treated T2DM were randomized to the intervention (DVA, n=25) or a control group (n=25). Participants allocated to the DVA group were prescribed a home-based muscle strengthening exercise program (~20- to 30-min sessions) and healthy eating intervention, delivered via DVAs (Alexa Echo Show 8; Amazon) using newly developed software (“Buddy Link”; Great Australian Pty Ltd). Control group participants received generalized physical activity information via email. Outcomes were feasibility, DVA usability (System Usability Scale), and objectively assessed physical activity and sedentary time (wrist-worn accelerometers).

Results

In total, 45 (90%) out of 50 participants completed this study. Mean adherence to prescribed exercise was 85% (SD 43%) with no intervention-related adverse events. System usability was rated above average (70.4, SD 16.9 out of 100). Compared with controls, the DVA group significantly decreased sedentary time (mean difference –67, SD 23; 95% CI –113 to –21 min/d), which was represented by a medium to large effect size (d=–0.6).

Conclusions

A home-based lifestyle intervention delivered and monitored by health professionals using DVAs was feasible for reducing sedentary behavior and increasing moderate-intensity activity in older adults with obesity and T2DM.

Trial Registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12621000307808; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=381364&isReview=true
Advancing AI Data Ethics in Nursing: Future Directions for Nursing Practice, Research, and Education
Authors: Ball Dunlap Patricia A , Michalowski Martin
Published: September 2024

The ethics of artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly recognized due to concerns such as algorithmic bias, opacity, trust issues, data security, and fairness. Specifically, machine learning algorithms, central to AI technologies, are essential in striving for ethically sound systems that mimic human intelligence. These technologies rely heavily on data, which often remain obscured within complex systems and must be prioritized for ethical collection, processing, and usage. The significance of data ethics in achieving responsible AI was first highlighted in the broader context of health care and subsequently in nursing. This viewpoint explores the principles of data ethics, drawing on relevant frameworks and strategies identified through a formal literature review. These principles apply to real-world and synthetic data in AI and machine-learning contexts. Additionally, the data-centric AI paradigm is briefly examined, emphasizing its focus on data quality and the ethical development of AI solutions that integrate human-centered domain expertise. The ethical considerations specific to nursing are addressed, including 4 recommendations for future directions in nursing practice, research, and education and 2 hypothetical nurse-focused ethical case studies. The primary objectives are to position nurses to actively participate in AI and data ethics, thereby contributing to creating high-quality and relevant data for machine learning applications.
Association of a Novel Electronic Form for Preoperative Cardiac Risk Assessment With Reduction in Cardiac Consultations and Testing: Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kumar Mandeep , Wilkinson Kathryn , Li Ya-Huei , Masih Rohit , Gandhi Mehak , Saadat Haleh , Culmone Julie
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Preoperative cardiac risk assessment is an integral part of preoperative evaluation; however, there is significant variation among providers, leading to inappropriate referrals for cardiology consultation or excessive low-value cardiac testing. We implemented a novel electronic medical record (EMR) form in our preoperative clinics to decrease variation.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the impact of the EMR form on the preoperative utilization of cardiology consultation and cardiac diagnostic testing (echocardiograms, stress tests, and cardiac catheterization) and evaluate postoperative outcomes.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients who underwent outpatient preoperative evaluation prior to an elective surgery over 2 years were divided into 2 cohorts: from July 1, 2021, to June 30, 2022 (pre–EMR form implementation), and from July 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023 (post–EMR form implementation). Demographics, comorbidities, resource utilization, and surgical characteristics were analyzed. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for differences between the 2 cohorts. The primary outcomes were the utilization of preoperative cardiology consultation, cardiac testing, and 30-day postoperative major adverse cardiac events (MACE).

RESULTS

A total of 25,484 patients met the inclusion criteria. Propensity score matching yielded 11,645 well-matched pairs. The post–EMR form, matched cohort had lower cardiology consultation (pre–EMR form: n=2698, 23.2% vs post–EMR form: n=2088, 17.9%; P<.001) and echocardiogram (pre–EMR form: n=808, 6.9% vs post–EMR form: n=591, 5.1%; P<.001) utilization. There were no significant differences in the 30-day postoperative outcomes, including MACE (all P>.05). While patients with “possible indications” for cardiology consultation had higher MACE rates, the consultations did not reduce MACE risk. Most algorithm end points, except for active cardiac conditions, had MACE rates <1%.

CONCLUSIONS

In this cohort study, preoperative cardiac risk assessment using a novel EMR form was associated with a significant decrease in cardiology consultation and testing utilization, with no adverse impact on postoperative outcomes. Adopting this approach may assist perioperative medicine clinicians and anesthesiologists in efficiently decreasing unnecessary preoperative resource utilization without compromising patient safety or quality of care.
Assessing the Quality of Content Related to Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head on YouTube: A Quantitative Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Fu Weili , Hu Yunan , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a debilitating condition that can lead to chronic pain, joint destruction, and disability. YouTube has become a popular platform for people to seek and share health-related content, but the lack of regulation and oversight has raised concerns about the accuracy and reliability of the information presented.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the content on YouTube related to ONFH.

METHODS

The videos were assessed for quality using internationally recognized medical information evaluation scores, including the DISCERN score, the Journal of the American Medical Association score (JAMA score), and the Global Quality Scale score (GQS). The completeness of each video content was evaluated based on a content score, which is adapted from clinical practice guidelines.

RESULTS

A total of 68 videos met eligibility criteria. According to the DISCERN score, 41 (60.3%) videos were classified as very poor to poor. The average DISCERN score, JAMA score, GQS, and content score of the included videos were 36 (SD, 9.38), 1.97 (SD, 0.8), 2.09 (SD, 0.95), and 4.62 (SD, 3.47), respectively. The results showed no significant differences in the basic video characteristics, such as duration, likes, dislikes and comments for videos from various sources. Videos uploaded by foundation/medical organizations obtained the highest scores on all four scales (P＜0.001). The correlation analysis showed that DISCERN score was significantly and positively correlated with JAMA score, GQS, and content score, demonstrating the reliability of the assessment results.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study highlighted that the overall quality of YouTube videos pertaining to ONFH is poor, with many lacking in accuracy, clarity, and usefulness. However, videos uploaded by foundation/medical organizations consistently demonstrated high-quality standards. Much work needs to be done to ensure that patients have access to accurate and informative information about ONFH, leading to improved disease management and health literacy.
Appeal of editor-in-chief
Authors: Authors No
Published: September 2024

No Abstract
Transient elastography, ultrasound imaging and liver enzymes in diagnosis of cystic fibrosis-related liver disease in children
Authors: Tsyunchyk Yu.G. , Shevchenko I.M. , Tsyunchyk A.V. , Stepanov G.F.
Published: September 2024

Background. Liver disease is responsible for relevant morbidity and mortality in children with cystic fibrosis. We aimed to assess the predictive value of a combination of transient elastography, ultrasound imaging and serum liver enzymes for diagnosis of cystic fibrosis-related liver disease. Materials and methods. A total of 108 children aged 0–17 years with cystic fibrosis were examined. The fibrosis stage was determined using transient elastography. The activity of enzymes (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase-5), ultrasound parameters of the liver at different stages of liver fibrosis have been investigated. Results. Liver fibrosis of varying severity (F1-F4) was detected in 29.6 % of patients with cystic fibrosis. Liver cirrhosis was observed in 14.8 % of children with cystic fibrosis. The association between an elevated activity of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase-5, an enlargement of the left lobe of the liver and the degree of fibrosis F1-F4 was found. Moreover, a significant increase in the size of the left lobe corresponded to a higher degree of fibrosis. A reverse correlation was detected between the k coefficient (the ratio of the sizes of the right and left lobes of the liver) and the degree of fibrosis, with a greater degree of fibrosis corresponding to a lower value of this parameter. The maximum enlargement of the left lobe of the liver, the lowest value of the k coefficient, and the dilation of the portal and splenic veins were observed in patients with liver cirrhosis. Conclusions. The transient elastography, changing of ultrasound liver parameters with elevated activity of the alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase-5 could be used for early diagnosis of cystic fibrosis-related liver disease.
Analytical Method Development: A Review
Authors: Bandawane Akash , Saudagar Ravindranath
Published: September 2024

The oldest form of medicine known to mankind is herbal medicine. Today, it is the most widely practiced form of medicine in the world. Using medicinal plants for treatment is considered very safe as there is no or minimal side effects. Most of the plant materials collected from the rain forests and other places are currently used for conducting extensive research for their potential medicinal value. In Ayush systems of medicine about 8,000 herbal drugs have been codified 2. One of them is Coriandrum sativum Linn. belongs to the family Apiaceae  and commonly known as kishneez khushk in Unani medicine.3It possesses multiple pharmacological activities which are revealed previously, such as anxiolytic, antidepressant, sedative-hypnotic,  neuroprotective, antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, insecticidal, antioxidant, cardiovascular,  analgesic, anticonvulsant, memory enhancing, antidiabetic, anticancer, gastrointestinal, deodorizing,  dermatological, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, reproductive, hepatoprotective,, antimutagenic, detoxification etc4,14. The current review gives an overview of the pharmacological effects and chemical constituents of Coriandrum sativum.
Keywords:  Coraindrum sativum Linn. herbal medicine, pharmacological activities.
Microwave Assisted Technology and its Role in Pharma Industry
Authors: Darekar Avinash , Shahane Akshata , Saudagar Ravindra
Published: September 2024

Energy is the basic source required for carrying out work. Current paper describes a brief review of microwave technique, its use in pharmaceutical sciences. Microwave technique are being a traditional method for drying, synthesizing, preparing, heating, etc . They are also used  during organic synthesis. Microwave can be used as cross heating barriers which arrive due to preliminary, insufficient heating of the product resulting in an inappropriate product. The microwave energy ranges from 300MHz to 300GHz which is sufficient enough for heating and drying of pharmaceuticals. Microwave techniques benefits one with time management, high percentage of yield, faster process, clear chemistry.
Keywords: Microwave, drying, heating, application in pharmaceutical sciences
Anti-HIV/AIDS Drugs: An Overview
Authors: Pawar Sonali , Waghmare Santosh , Gawde Bhagyashri , Kale Pranit , Johri Yash
Published: September 2024

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an enveloped virus, belonging to the viral family Retroviridae. It is a highly evolved virus which has grasped the attention of all researchers with its special features like morphology, genetics and also by its emerging nature3. The special feature of all retro viruses is the presence of an enzyme called Reverse transcriptase which plays major role in reverse transcription process4. HIV enters the host body, damages immune system and will cause life-threatening opportunistic infections finally leads to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome).Many advances have been made in the prevention of HIV transmission and management of HIV/AIDS since the virus was discovered in the early 1980s7. One of the most important discoveries has been antiretroviral treatment, which can halt the replication of HIV and ease symptoms, turning AIDS into a chronic condition instead of a rapidly terminal illness. Despite advances, HIV remains a major public health challenge. This article reviews the genus, life cycle, and transmission of HIV, as well as workplace issues surrounding the virus and the challenges of developing an HIV vaccine12.
Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
Drug Utilization Evaluation of Metronidazole at a Tertiary Care Center in Hyderabad, India
Authors: Jagarlamudi Anup , Vishali AJ , Mounika I
Published: September 2024

Drug use evaluation is an on-going, systematic, criteria-based program of medicine evaluations that will help ensure appropriate medicine use. If therapy is determined to be inappropriate, interventions with providers or patients will be necessary to optimize pharmaceutical therapy. In our study we have developed a data collection form based upon WHO guidelines for conducting a DUE study on metronidazole use evaluation. To assess the usage of metronidazole at a tertiary care center Hyderabad a retrospective evaluation of usage patterns was carried out for the period of 6 months corresponding to the dates to 1-1-2018 to 30-6-2018. For conducting the evaluation process we had followed the standard guide lines formulated by WHO. The gender distribution of case sheets were male- 69, female- 80. Indication wise the distribution of case sheets were -43.23% are prophylaxis and surgical prophylaxis, 32.81% are non-indicated and 18, 96% were given for infections. The minimum number of days of treatment was 1 day and the maximum number of days of treatment was 23 days. All patient folders evaluated with regards to cellulitis, gynaecological surgeries, UTI, LRTI etc were found to meet the standard criteria appropriate for metronidazole use with respect to dose, and dose frequency. However, in the case of duration the evaluation was found to be largely inappropriate for all the justified indications. In addition, 34.81% of metronidazole use for unjustified indications was noted. This means that metronidazole has been deviated from standard treatment guidelines hence it facilitates the development of resistant strains to metronidazole and of no use in the near future, and it also affect the patient economically.
Keywords: DUE, Metronidazole, WHO, tertiary care center, Hyderabad.
Cytotoxicity in Cancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Wu Zhenggang
Published: September 2024

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A New simple and sensitive method for simultaneous estimation of Aspirin and Omeprazol in rat plasma by RP-HPLC and its application to pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Salomi Patta , Purushothaman M. , Satyanarayana S.V.
Published: September 2024

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A Review on Antidotes W.S.R to Visha Vaidya Jyotsnika
Authors: Krishnapriya S , Sreerudran Pavan K , Hussain Gazala
Published: September 2024

Ayurveda is an ancient system of health care, native of Indian subcontinent. It is one of the oldest scientific medical systems of the world with a long record of clinical experience. More than a medical system, ayurveda is a way of life. It is concerned with eight prime branches of medicine. Agada tantra is a specialized branch of ayurveda that offers meticulously detailed information about animal and non animal poisons and methods of eliminating these poisons from the body. It particularly advocates different antidotes for materials which are poisonous to human body. Here, the antidotes mentioned in Visha vaidya jyotsnika are reviewed.
Keywords: Visha, Antidotes, Ayurveda, Vishavaidya jyotsnika
Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Matrix Tablets of Drotaverine Hydrochloride
Authors: Bhambar Kunal Vilasrao , Pande Shrikant D , Bhambar Rajendra S
Published: September 2024

Drotaverine Hydrochloride is effectively used in the treatment of management of spasticity, indicated in muscle pain as muscle relaxant. Drotaverine Hydrochloride approximately 95% bounds to plasma proteins and is metabolized by liver. In the present investigation, efforts were put to develop a sustained release floating matrix tablets of Drotaverine Hydrochloride. Gastro retentative dosage form will also greatly improve the pharmacotherapy of the stomach itself through local drug release leading to high drug concentrations at the gastric mucosa, which are sustained over a long period of time. Floating matrix tablets were prepared by direct compression method using sodium bicarbonate and citric acid as gas forming agents. HPMC K100M and Ethyl cellulose were used in the formula to retard drug release. Floating matrix tablets were evaluated for different quality attributes. In vitro drug release showed that polymer percentage is enough to extend the release of the drug for at least 12 hr. The dissolution curve shows that formulation FT-6 shows maximum drug release 79.37% at the end of 12 hours while FT-7 shows least 46.33 %.
Nanoparticles: A Novel Approach for Targeted Delivery of Medicines
Authors: Attri Kavita , Yadav Manish , Shrivastav Sonika
Published: September 2024

The utilization of nanotechnology in medicine and all the more explicitly tranquilize conveyance is resolved to spread quickly.Right now numerous substances are under scrutiny for medication conveyance and all the more explicitly for disease treatment Strangely pharmaceutical sciences are utilizing nanoparticles to lessen lethality and reactions of medications and up to as of late did not understand that bearer frameworks themselves may force dangers to the patient.The sort of risks that are presented by utilizing nanoparticles for medication conveyance are past that presented by customary perils forced by synthetic concoctions in established conveyance frameworks. For nanoparticles the learning on molecule danger as got in inward breath poisonous quality tells the way the best way to examine the potential risks of nanoparticles. The toxicology of particulate issue contrasts from toxicology of substances as the making chemical(s) could conceivably be dissolvable in natural frameworks, therefore impacting extraordinarily the potential presentation of different inside organs. This may differ from a fairly high neighborhood introduction in the lungs and a low or neglectable presentation for other organ frameworks after inward breath. Be that as it may, ingested species may likewise impact the potential harmfulness of the breathed in particles. For nanoparticles the circumstance is distinctive as their size opens the potential for intersection the different organic boundaries inside the body. From a positive perspective, particularly the possibility to cross the blood cerebrum hindrance may open new ways for medication conveyance into the mind. Likewise, the nanosize additionally takes into consideration access into the cell and different cell compartments including the core. A large number of substances are right now under scrutiny for the arrangement of nanoparticles for medication conveyance, differing from organic substances like egg whites, gelatin and phospholipids for liposomes, and more substances of a concoction nature like different polymers and strong metal containing nanoparticles. This paper gives a diagram on a portion of the right now utilized frameworks for medication conveyance.
A Review: Formulation and Characterization of Fast Dissolving Tablet of Carvidilol
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Gupta Avinash Kumar , Gupta Manish Kumar , Sharma Vijay
Published: September 2024

Carvedilol a poorly water soluble drug undergoes extensive first pass metabolism, which reduces its bioavailability to 25-30%. Fast dissolving tablets of Carvedilol were prepared with the purpose of delivering the drug directly into the systemic circulation and bypassing the hepatic first pass metabolism with a concomitant increase in bioavailability. The solubility of Carvedilol was improved by forming inclusion complex with cyclodextrin which was then further used for the formulation of Fast dissolving tablet.
Keywords: Carvedilol, Superdisintegrats, Fast dissolving Tablets and FDTs.
A Review on recent Anti-Cancer Agents and Drugs containing Pyrazole
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Singh Preeti , Ramkumar ,
Published: September 2024

Cancer is not a single disease. It is a group of more than 200 different diseases. Cancer can be generally described as an uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. Cells are basic units of life. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. Normally, cells divide to produce more cells only when the body needs them. Sometimes cells keep dividing and thus creating more cells even when they are not needed. When this happens; a mass of tissue forms. This mass of extra tissue is called a tumor. Tumors are found in all kinds of tissue, and can be benign or malignant.
Keywords: Cancer, Malignant tumor, Antineoplastic agents
Coriandrum sativum Linn. Traditional, Biochemical and Biological activities: An Overview
Authors: Fatima Gulnar , Siddiqui Aisha , Jamal Anwar , Chaudhary S.
Published: September 2024

The oldest form of medicine known to mankind is herbal medicine. Today, it is the most widely practiced form of medicine in the world. Using medicinal plants for treatment is considered very safe as there is no or minimal side effects. Most of the plant materials collected from the rain forests and other places are currently used for conducting extensive research for their potential medicinal value. In Ayush systems of medicine about 8,000 herbal drugs have been codified 2. One of them is Coriandrum sativum Linn. belongs to the family Apiaceae  and commonly known as kishneez khushk in Unani medicine.3It possesses multiple pharmacological activities which are revealed previously, such as anxiolytic, antidepressant, sedative-hypnotic,  neuroprotective, antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, insecticidal, antioxidant, cardiovascular,  analgesic, anticonvulsant, memory enhancing, antidiabetic, anticancer, gastrointestinal, deodorizing,  dermatological, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, reproductive, hepatoprotective,, antimutagenic, detoxification etc4,14. The current review gives an overview of the pharmacological effects and chemical constituents of Coriandrum sativum.
The Analytical Method Development and Validation: A Review
Authors: Doltade Mayuri , Saudagar Ravindranath
Published: September 2024

Analytical method development and validation are the continuous and inter-dependent task associated with the research and development, quality control and quality assurance departments. The main purpose of the analytical method development and validation is to prove that proposed analytical method is accurate, specific, precise and robust in the pharmaceutical industry for analysis of a drug moiety. Analytical methodology development has become the essential activity of study. Recent development in analytical methods has been resulted from the advancement of analytical instruments. Analytical techniques are developed and validated for active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), excipients, drug products, degradation products and related substances, residual solvents, etc. Method validation is outlined as the method of proving that an analytical technique is appropriate for the meant use and this is often a very important requirement for analytical purpose. Result from methodology validation is used to decide the quality, reliability and consistency of analytical data. Validation parameters are explained in term of accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), ruggedness, robustness and system suitability. This review offers concepts concerning varied strategies to check the stability of drug and varied validation parameters as per varied regulative authorities. The review focused on the concept, criteria, steps, strategy and importance of analytical method development and validation.
Keywords: Analytical Method Development, Method Validation, Strategy, Steps, Need, ICH guidelines.
Optimization and Characterization Ezogabine-Loaded Nanosuspension for Enhancement of Bioavailability by “Bottom-Up” Technology Using 32 Factorial Design
Authors: Sundaramoorthy Revathi , Dhanaraju MD
Published: September 2024

Ezogabine, an antiepileptic drug used for treating partial epilepsies.  It is poorly soluble in water.  The dose ranges from 50 mg to 400 mg and the oral bioavailability is 60%.  The aim of this research work was to formulate and characterize nanosuspensions of ezogabine with an intention to enhance the oral bioavailability using 32 factorial design.   Nanosuspensions were prepared by the “bottom-up” nanoprecipitation method using 32 factorial design and evaluation for particle size, saturation solubility, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro drug release was done.  The FTIR was used to confirm compatibility and to rule out any possible interactions between drug and carriers.  The optimal nanosuspension was obtained with particle size of 510.4 nm, saturation solubility of 557 μg/ml, zeta potential of - 4.49 mV, entrapment efficiency of 96.82%, and in-vitro drug release of 100.14%.  Also, the optimal formulation was found to be stable in the accelerated conditions.  Data of nanosuspensions were fit in to different equations and kinetic models and found to exhibit first order release kinetics with class II transport mechanism of diffusion.  The scanning electron microscopy studies showed elongated nanoparticles with porous surface.  The “Bottom up” method can be successfully employed to produce ezogabine nanosuspensions achieving reduced particle size and enhancing dissolution rate by increasing the saturation solubility and remained stable at 25 °C.
Keywords: Nanosuspension, saturation solubility, bottom up.
Development and Validation of UV-Visible Spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of Etoposide and Picroside-II in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation
Authors: Bhusari Sachin Shivling , Borse Gayatri , Wakte Pravin
Published: September 2024

Aim: To develop and validate a simple, precise, accurate, and sensitive UV-visible spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous estimation of Etoposide (ETO) and Picroside-II (PK-II) in a bulk and pharmaceutical formulation according to the ICH guidelines.
Methods: The absorption spectra of ETO and PK-II were carried out over the range of 200-800 nm, and absorption maxima were determined. Multiple calibration standards were prepared of both the drugs separately, and absorbance were recorded at respective λmax. Calibration curve were plotted and the linear responses were studied. Various analytical method validation parameters viz. accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ, robustness and ruggedness were calculated using QC standards.
Results: The absorption maxima of ETO and PK-II were found to be 208 nm and 265 nm respectively. Linearity range for ETO and PK-II were found to be 1-7 μg/ml and 1-35 μg/ml with correlation coefficient 0.999 and 0.999. The intra-day and inter-day study shows percent relative standard deviation in between 0.11 to 1.08 and 0.12 to 1.38. LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.1321 μg/ml and 0.4003 μg/ml for ETO whereas 0.1616μg/ml and 0.4897μg/ml for PK-II. The total percent recovery of ETO and PK-II were found to be 99.09 and 99.68 respectively.
Conclusion:  The simple, precise, accurate, and sensitive UV-visible spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous estimation of Etoposide (ETO) and Picroside-II (PK-II) in a bulk and pharmaceutical formulation was developed and validated.
Keywords: UV-visible spectrophotometry, simultaneous estimation, Etoposide and Picroside-II.