bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a patient with Richter's syndrome on combination DA-R-EPOCH chemotherapy regimen: a case report
Authors: Egoryan Goar , Murguia-Fuentes Ricardo , Agab Mohamed , Abou-Ghanem Nagwa , Yanez-Bello Maria Adriana , Pyakuryal Bimatshu , Trelles-Garcia Daniela Patricia , Ibrahim Rami , Filipiuk Dorota , Gidron Adi , Rodriguez-Nava Guillermo
Published: April 2021

Background

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical-radiologic entity characterized by headaches, altered mental status, seizures, visual loss, and a characteristic imaging pattern in brain magnetic resonance images. The exact etiology and pathogenesis of this condition are not yet fully elucidated.

Case presentation

A 72-year-old White man presented with 2 weeks of low-grade fever and chills, night sweats, fatigue, dysphagia, and new-onset rapidly increasing cervical lymphadenopathy. He had a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma for which he was started on dose-adjusted rituximab, etoposide, prednisone vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin (DA-R-EPOCH). Shortly after treatment initiation, the patient developed severe airway obstruction due to cervical lymphadenopathy that required emergency intubation. A few days later, the cervical lymphadenopathy and the status of the airway improved, and sedation was consequently weaned off to plan for extubation. However, the patient did not recover consciousness and developed generalized refractory seizures. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed edema in the cortical gray and subcortical white matter of the bilateral occipital and inferior temporal lobes, consistent with PRES.

Conclusions

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome refers to a neurological disorder and imaging entity characterized by subcortical vasogenic edema in patients who develop acute neurological signs and symptoms of a usually reversible nature in different settings, including chemotherapy. Despite its name, PRES is not always fully reversible, and permanent sequelae can persist in some patients. Clinicians should be aware of the possible association between chemotherapy and PRES to ensure early recognition and timely treatment.
Deep learning elements in maritime simulation programmes: a pedagogical exploration of learner experiences
Authors: Jamil Md Golam , Bhuiyan Zakirul
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we explore the learning and teaching of a maritime simulation programme to understand its deep learning elements. We followed the mixed methods approach and collected student perception data from a maritime school, situated within a UK university, using reflection-based survey (n = 112) and three focus groups with eleven students. Findings include the needs for defining clear learning outcomes, improving the learning content to enable exploration and second-chance learning, minimising theory–practice gaps by ensuring skills-knowledge balance and in-depth scholarship building, facilitating tasks for learning preparation and learning extension, and repositioning simulation components and their assessment schemes across the academic programme. Overall, the paper provides evidence on the importance of deep learning activities in maritime simulation and suggests guidelines on improving the existing practice. Although the findings are derived from a maritime education programme, they can be considered and applied in other academic disciplines which use simulation in their teaching and learning.
Assessment of lymphovascular invasion in early stage endometrial carcinoma -a retrospective study
Authors: Moatasim Ambreen , Hameed Zujajah , Ahmad Imran
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Endometrial carcinoma is associated with several known prognostic factors. Recently, lymphovascular invasion (LVI) has gained a prominent position in the risk assessment of early endometrioid endometrial carcinoma, in identifying patients who can benefit from adjuvant radiation therapy. This study aims to assess LVI in early-stage endometrioid endometrial carcinoma accurately with emphasis on its extent /grading. We also propose a few local recommendations for improving LVI reproducibility in endometrial carcinoma to guide future studies.

Methods

The duration of this retrospective study was 2 years. Early-stage I (Ia and Ib), and grade 1 and 2 endometrioid endometrial carcinomas were included. 03 reviewers independently recorded their findings on H&E stained slides. LVI was graded as none, focal and substantial. In discordant cases, immunohistochemical stain CD 31 was used.

All the data was entered in the statistical software SPSS version 26 and analyzed for frequencies. The relationships between various histological parameters assessed and the degree of reproducibility for LVI amongst various observers were also determined.

Results

Out of a total of 70 cases of endometrioid carcinoma diagnosed on hysterectomy specimen, only 32 met our inclusion criteria. The rate of LVI positivity was 6.3 %, 34.4 %, and 37.5 % respectively for reviewers 1, 2, and 3. The degree of reproducibility in LVI assessment and LVI grading was significant amongst reviewers 2 and 3. Also, a significant association was drawn between tumor grade and LVI.

Conclusion

Despite limitations in our study we recommend including both LVI assessment and grading in routine reporting formats locally. By adding a second reviewer in LVI assessment and using CD31 in discrepant cases LVI positivity can be significantly increased.
A retroperitoneal supra-adrenal non-communicating gastric duplication cyst: a case report and comprehensive literature review
Authors: Al Awfi Mahmood Masud , Al Balushi Zainab Nasser , Al Jahdhami Suad Rashid , Sherif Mahmoud Hatem , Al Sibai Sareyah
Published: April 2021

Background

Gastric duplication cyst is a rare congenital anomaly. It is usually located in close proximity to the stomach. Nevertheless, there have been seldom reports in the literature that describe unusual locations. Retroperitoneal gastric duplications cysts are extremely rare and are usually confused with renal or adrenal cysts.

Case presentation

In this case report, we are presenting a 2-year-old girl with a complaint of bouts of abdominal pain, found to have a retroperitoneal supra-adrenal cyst on imaging. She underwent laparoscopic resection of the cyst with uneventful post-operative course. The histopathological diagnosis was surprisingly gastric duplication cyst.

Conclusion

In our review of the literature, the variability of this condition and its clinical manifestation are apparent. We also conclude that this diagnostic entity should be part of the differential diagnosis of intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal cysts and that laparoscopic resection of retroperitoneal cysts is the preferred approach.
Dosing Recommendations for Vancomycin in Children and Adolescents with Varying Levels of Obesity and Renal Dysfunction: a Population Pharmacokinetic Study in 1892 Children Aged 1–18 Years
Authors: Smit Cornelis , Goulooze Sebastiaan C. , Brüggemann Roger J. M. , Sherwin Catherine M. , Knibbe Catherijne A. J.
Published: April 2021

Vancomycin is an effective but potentially nephrotoxic antibiotic commonly used for severe infections. Dosing guidelines for vancomycin in obese children and adolescents with or without renal impairment are currently lacking. This study describes the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in a large pediatric cohort with varying degrees of obesity and renal function to design practical dosing guidelines for this population. A multi-center retrospective population pharmacokinetic study was conducted using data from patients aged 1−18 years who received >1 dose of vancomycin and had ≥1 vancomycin concentration measured between January 2006 and December 2012. Besides pharmacokinetic data, age, gender, body weight, creatinine clearance (CLcr, bedside Schwartz equation), ward, race, and neutropenic status were collected. Population pharmacokinetic analysis and simulations were performed using NONMEM7.4. A total of 1892 patients (5524 samples) were included, with total body weight (TBW) ranging 6−188 kg (1344 normal weight, 247 overweight, and 301 obese patients) and CLcr down to 8.6 mL/min/1.73 m2. The two-compartment model, with clearance (CL) significantly increasing with TBW and CLcr, central and peripheral volume of distribution and inter-compartmental clearance increasing with TBW, performed well for all age, weight, and renal function ranges. A dosing guideline is proposed that integrates body weight and CLcr resulting in effective and safe exposures across all ages, body weight, and renal functions in the pediatric population. We have characterized the full pharmacokinetic profile of vancomycin in obese children and adolescents aged 1−18 years and propose a practical dosing guideline that integrates both body weight and renal function.
Rightly blamed the ‘bad guy’? Grandparental childcare and COVID-19
Authors: Boll Christina , Nikolka Till
Published: April 2021

This study explores the link between regular grandparental childcare and SARS-CoV-2 infection rates at the level of German counties. In our analysis, we suggest that a region’s infection rates are shaped by region-, household- and individual-specific parameters. We extensively draw on the latter, exploring the intra- and extra-familial mechanisms fuelling individual contact frequency to test the potential role of regular grandparental childcare in explaining overall infection rates. We combine aggregate survey data with local administrative data for German counties and find a positive correlation between the frequency of regular grandparental childcare and local SARS-CoV-2 infection rates. However, the statistical significance of this relationship breaks down as soon as potentially confounding factors, in particular, the local Catholic population share, are controlled for. Our findings do not provide valid support for a significant role of grandparental childcare in driving SARS-CoV-2 infections, but rather suggest that the frequency of extra-familial contacts driven by religious communities might be a more relevant channel in this context. Our results cast doubt on simplistic narratives postulating a link between intergenerational contacts and infection rates.
The politics of emotion in a parenting support programme for refugees in Norway
Authors: Steen-Johnsen Tale , Ljosdal Skreland Lisbeth
Published: April 2021

Enhancing social skills among citizens who are considered at risk is one of the ways in which a welfare state handles marginalised groups (Prieur et al, 2020). Universalised programmes represent a common way of strengthening the social capabilities of groups deemed in need of such skills (for example, Pettersvold and Østrem, 2019). In this article, we show that emotions perform a political role in such programmes. We proffer our arguments on the basis of data from five training sessions in the International Child Development Programme (ICDP) in a mid-sized Norwegian municipality. Mentors who are teaching the ICDP course use emotions to signal the superiority of the ICDP as a parenting ideal in the Norwegian welfare context. Positive other-emotions are used to signal equality and to welcome the refugees to take part in the ICDP. The mentors also control the balance of emotional energy and display sympathy. The emotions displayed by mentors underline the ICDP values as superior. Our analysis draws on the theoretical perspectives of emotions as place claims by Candace Clark (1990; 2007) and the cultural politics of emotion by Sarah Ahmed (2014). With the help of these perspectives, we suggest that the performativity of emotions during ICDP training aligns with broader political processes that imply that refugees are welcomed on the premise that they adapt to parenting practices that are acceptable in the new welfare-state context in which they are situated.
Approximate image synthesis in optical coherence tomography
Authors: Macdonald Callum M. , Munro Peter R. T.
Published: April 2021

Full-wave models of OCT image formation, which are based on Maxwell’s equations, are highly realistic. However, such models incur a high computational cost, particularly when modelling sample volumes consistent with those encountered in practice. Here, we present an approximate means of synthesizing volumetric image formation to reduce this computational burden. Instead of performing a full-wave scattered light calculation for each A-scan, we perform a full-wave scattered light calculation for a normally incident plane wave only. We use the angular spectrum field representation to implement beam focussing and scanning, making use of an assumption similar to the tilt optical memory effect, to approximately synthesize volumetric data sets. Our approach leads to an order of magnitude reduction in the computation time required to simulate typical B-scans. We evaluate this method by comparing rigorously and approximately evaluated point spread functions and images of highly scattering structured samples for a typical OCT system. Our approach also reveals new insights into image formation in OCT.
Achromatic and wide-field metalens in the visible region
Authors: Huang Zhenyu , Qin Maosen , Guo Xiaowei , Yang Cheng , Li Shaorong
Published: April 2021

Optical metalens has been attracting more and more attention in recent years. To date, it is still difficult to simultaneously achieve wide field and broadband imaging in the visible region, which is very important in many applications, such as cameras, microscopy, and other imaging devices. In this paper, we design a double-layer metalens to achieve achromatic imaging over a field of view (FOV) of 60° in the visible light range of 470 nm to 650 nm, and its performance is verified by numerical simulations. The numerical aperture (NA) of the metalens is 0.61 and the average focusing efficiency is > 50% at normal incidence. The metalens has an additional advantage of polarization insensitivity.
KALIMAT TERBELAH BAHASA INDONESIA: KEKHASAN STRUKTUR DAN KEBERMAKNAANNYA
Authors: Budiman Arif
Published: April 2021

This article aims to reveal the various patterns of cleft clause in Bahasa Indonesia and their meaning. The research data were taken from Indonesian translation of the Quran. The data here included all the cleft sentences in the source. They were then sorted and analyzed based on theories of cleft sentences of Indonesian and English. The results of the analysis show that the cleft sentences in Bahasa Indonesia are constructed in Predicate (P) – Subject (S), P-S-Adjunct (A), and P-A-S. In these patterns, the cleft sentences are the true cleft sentences. Besides, there are other constructions found, namely: S-P, S-P-A, A-S-P, and S-A-P. However, the sentences in the patterns make pseudo cleft. Both group are similar in terms of the elements and the presuposition they imply. The difference is only in the order in which the pseudo cleft put the focus at the back, or on the right side of the copula, which means the focused and its priority are slightly reduced. In Bahasa Indonesia, cleft sentence is not constituted by two clauses because its clefted constituent can stand by itself as a cleft noun/phrase (for example, “mereka”, “merekalah” or “adalah mereka”), without having to be put as a complement of a clause such as that of its English counterpart (“it is they”).
The Intersection of Education and Healthcare: Supporting Children with Chronic Health Conditions
Authors:   Miami University, Olszewski Arnold , Scarborough Donna , Szumlas Gregory
Published: April 2021

Objective: Chronic health conditions in childhood have been negatively associated with linguistic, academic, and occupational outcomes. Traditionally, categorical diagnostic approaches relying on exclusionary criteria are used in healthcare services. Methods: This literature review examines research from various fields to evaluate the effects of chronic illness in cognitive-linguistic development in children. We explore the implications for different conceptualizations of the term “chronic illness.” We compare categorical and non-categorical diagnostic approaches, specifically in relation to children’s academic performance. Results: We provide recommendations for bridging the gap between healthcare and education to provide children with chronic conditions the best chance of thriving medically and academically. Definitions of chronic illness that rely on inclusive criteria and acknowledge individual variability seem best suited for clinical practice and research. Conclusions: Effective supports for children with chronic illness require evidence-based treatment approaches that are tailored to the unique needs of each individual child. Educators, healthcare providers, families, and related service providers must have open lines of communication to serve children with chronic health conditions. Early identification and intervention is crucial.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE COLOR TEXT IMAGE BINARIZATION METHODUSING THE MINIMUM-DISTANCE CLASSIFIER
Authors: Polyakova Marina V. , Nesteryuk Alexandr G.
Published: April 2021

Optical character recognition systems for the images are used to convert books and documents into electronic form, to automate accounting systems in business, when recognizing markers using augmented reality technologies and etс. The quality of opticalcharacter recognition, provided that binarization is applied, is largely determined by the quality of separation of the foreground pixels from the background. Methods of text image binarization are analyzed and insufficient quality of binarization is noted. As a way of research the minimum-distance classifier for the improvement of the existing method of binarization of color text images is used. To improve the quality of the binarization of color text images, it is advisable to divide image pixels into two classes, “Foreground”and “Background”, to use classification methods instead of heuristic threshold selection, namely, a minimum-distance classifier. To reduce the amount of processed information before applying the classifier, it is advisable to select blocks of pixels for subsequent processing. This was done by analyzing the connected components on the original image. An improved method of the color text image binarization with the use of analysis of connected components and minimum-distance classifier has been elaborated. The research of the elaborated method showed that it is better than existing binarization methods in terms of robustness of binarization, but worse in terms of the error of the determining the boundaries of objects. Among the recognitionerrors, the pixels of images from the class labeled “Foreground”were more often mistaken for the class labeled “Background”. The proposed method of binarization with the uniqueness of class prototypes is recommended to be used in problems of the processing of color images of the printed text, for which the error in determining the boundaries of characters as a result of binarization is compensated by the thickness of the letters. With a multiplicity of class prototypes, the proposed binarization method isrecommended to be used in problems of processing color images of handwritten text, if high performance is not required. The improved binarization method has shown its efficiency in cases of slow changes in the color and illumination of the text and background, however, abrupt changes in color and illumination, as well as a textured background, do not allowing the binarization quality required for practical problems.
RESEARCH OF DIGITAL QUBITES FOR HETEROGENEOUS DIGITAL QUANTUM COPROCESSORS
Authors: Hlukhov Valeriy S.
Published: April 2021

Recently, interest is growing towards real quantum computers, which are analog and probabilistic devices by nature. Theinterest is also growing to their digital version, both software and hardware. One approach to the construction of real quantum computers is to use quantum chips. The hardware implementation of digital quantum computers involves the use offield programmable gate arrays.A digital quantum coprocessor has already been createdwhich has over a thousand digital qubitsand can perform such complex algorithms as a quantum Fourier transformation. The created and working digital quantum coprocessorcan already be used to work out various quantum algorithms, algorithms for the interaction of a classic computer and its quantum coprocessor, as well as for research various options for building digital qubits.The purpose of this work is to study the effect of the accuracy of the presentation of the state of digital qubit on the probability of obtaining the correct results of the digitalquantum coprocessor.For the study, a heterogeneous digital quantum coprocessor with thirty two digital qubits is selected, which will perform the Fourier quantum transformation. The article describes the basics of building digital quantum coprocessors.Schemes that illustrate the interaction of a classic computer and a quantum coprocessor, the architecture of the coprocessor and the possible structures of its digital qubitsare given. Two variants of the coprocessor, homogeneous one with one pseudo-random codes generator and one comparator, and heterogeneous one, with a generator and a comparator in each digital quantum cell, from which digital qubits consist, are shown.Two options for comparators are also shown -with a direct functional converter and with reverse one.In this work, the influence of the length of the qubit state codes of heterogeneous digital quantum coprocessors on the probability of the correct results formation is investigated.It was shown that the probability of obtaining the correct results at the output of the digital heterogeneous coprocessor is sharply (up to fifty percent) improved with a decrease of the qubit state code length, that is, with a decrease in the coprocessor hardware cost.With a length of a code equal to twobits, the quality of the operation of the heterogeneous coprocessor becomes commensurate with the quality of the homogeneous one. The need for additional research in this direction, including with homogeneous coprocessors, is shown.
Multi-Point Geostatistical Sedimentary Facies Modeling Based on Three-Dimensional Training Images
Authors: Tianqi Zhang  , Jun Xie  , Xiao Hu  , Shichao Wang  , Junxia Yin  , Shifan Wang
Published: April 2021

As an important modeling parameter in multi-point geostatistics, training images determine the modeling effect to a great extent. It is necessary to evaluate and optimize the applicability of candidate training images before modeling by multi-point geostatistics. Conventional two-dimensional training images can’t describe the overlapping relation of sedimentary facies in space, and there is a deficiency in describing the event relation of single data. This paper puts forward a new training image optimization method. The basic idea is to arrange and analyze sand bodies filled with sedimentary sand bodies in point dams and river channels in different periods. The method of obtaining three-dimensional training images is to use sand thickness maps and sedimentary facies maps for spatial constraints. The simulation test shows that compared with the sedimentary facies model obtained from two-dimensional training images, the sedimentary facies model obtained from three-dimensional training images through multi-point geostatistics has high compatibility and is more in line with geological understanding. On the basis of fully understanding the development characteristics of the sedimentary system and quantitative geometry of sedimentary body in the study area, sedimentary microfacies models based on sequential indicator simulation method and target simulation method are established, respectively. By comparing and analyzing the sedimentary microfacies models established by three different methods, the results show that the multi-point geostatistics can stably present the planar distribution characteristics and overlapping spatial relationship of sedimentary microfacies and reproduce the complex spatial structure and geometric shape of fluvial facies. The model established by this method is more in line with the geological sedimentary model.
Some aspects of environmental hazard due to uranium mining in Ukraine
Authors: Dudar Tamara V. , Titarenko Olga V. , Nekos Alla N. , Vysotska Olena V. , Porvan Andrii P.
Published: April 2021

Some aspects of environmental hazard within uranium mining areas are considered. The uranium content in the environment components (rocks, soils, underground and surface waters) of the central part of the Ukrainian Shield within and beyond the uranium mining area is analyzed on the example of the Michurinske ore field. It is emphasized that man-made sources of natural origin should be considered more broadly than just waste dumps from uranium mining and processing enterprises. These are sources of ionizing radiation of natural origin, which have been subjected to concentration or their accessibility has been increased because of anthropogenic activity. Additional irradiation to the natural radiation background is formed. Waste dumps of uranium mining are considered as sources of potential dust pollution in the surface layers of atmosphere with fine dust containing uranium, its decay products and associated elements. The area of waste dumps is calculated using space images. Uranium accumulates in the dusty fraction, where its content is 0.01-0.06%. Taking into account the geological and geochemical characteristics of uranium deposits, radioactive elements, heavy metals and other associated elements of uranium mineralization are car- ried out of the dumps by winds and atmospheric waters with their subsequent migration into environment components. A mathematical model of potential dust air pollution in the area of long-term operation of the oldest uranium mine is presented for the summer 2019. In total, 15 factors influencing the potential threat of air dust pollution are considered and analyzed. The mathematical model is developed on the basis of the method of discriminant functions. To assess the degree of the model parameters informativeness, one-factor covariance analysis is used. It allows assessing the degree of a single sign influence on the prediction result. The developed model takes into account the area of waste dumps, uranium content in the dust fraction and wind direction southeast and/or east as the most hazardous for the study area. The model allows determining correctly the level of potential threat of air dust pollution in 96.3% ± 3.6% of all cases.
Dynamics of snow cover in Kirovohrad region at the end of the XX and the beginning of the XXI centuries
Authors: Nedostrelova Larysa V.
Published: April 2021

Snow cover significantly affects the formation of climate in winter. The snow over has low thermal conductivity, which protects the soil from freezing. In the spring, the snow cover significantly moistens the soil and plays an important role in the surface water regime and in the economic activity of the country. It should be noted that the lack or insufficient height of snow cover can be the cause of freezing of winter crops and their death, which leads to a decrease and even loss of yield. Accordingly, the increase in crop yields depends on the proper use of snow cover. The purpose of the research is to determine the characteristics of the snow cover and analyze their changes in Kirovohrad region in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Data of daily observations of snow cover at meteorological stations of Kirovohrad region for the period from 1996 to 2018 were used as primary information in the work. It is established that the appearance of snow cover at the stations of Kirovohrad region coincides in two periods (1961-1990 and 1996-2018) and was observed in the third decade of October at almost all stations, except for the area of data distribution of Dolynska weather station, where the first appearance of snow cover during 1961-1990 occurred in the first decade of October. The disappearance of snow in this period was observed in the third decade of April, in contrast to data from the climate cadaster, where 75% of stations observed snowmelt in the second decade of April, while at Dolynska station in the south of the region snowmelt occurred in the third decade of March. At Kropyvnytskyi station, located in the central part of Kirovohrad region, the appearance and disappearance of snow cover was observed in both periods on the same dates. In the period 1996-2018, the values of the highest decadal peaks for the winter were lower than in the climatic norm. The frequency of winters with the highest decadal height of snow cover in different gradations varies greatly in the study periods. For 1996-2018, the maximum was observed in the gradation of 1-5 cm; in the climatic norm the greatest recurrence is recorded in the gradation of 11-20 cm, significant indicators are observed in the gradation of 21-30 cm. The maximum recurrences of the decadal height of the snow cover are 100% and are determined in the gradation of 0-5 cm in both periods of snow cover.
Comparative characteristics of the petrographic composition and quality of coal series С12 and С13 of the Prydniporovia Block
Authors: Savchuk Vyacheslav S. , Prykhodchenko Vasyl F. , Prykhodchenko Dmytro V. , Tykhonenko Valeriia V.
Published: April 2021

Taking into consideration the whole history of geological development of the Western Donbas, data on composition and grade of С12 series coal involved information about the geotectonic development of the Basin. To satisfy the objectives, a system of research methods, covering petrographic, computational, statistical, chronological, comparative and other methods, has been applied. In the process of identification of the petrographic composition and grade of series С12coal on the territory of the Prydniprovia Block, and determination of lateral regularities of their change as well as change in stratigraphic section of the Lower Carboniferous, data of petrographic as well as chemical and technological indices of the coal seam c1 were generalized along with data of all seams of С13 series. The activities helped define genetic features of series С12coal as well as stratigraphic and lateral regularities of changes in the coal composition. The differences in the petrographic composition as well as in the chemical and technological characteristics of series С12 and С13 are indicative of dissimilar conditions of formation of their peat depositions. It has been determined that compared with С13 series coal, the coal of С12 series contains more humidity and fewer mineral impurities. It is characterized by higher values of sulfur content, volatile-matter content, and combustion heat. The ultimate composition of coal seams of С12series is characterized by smaller values of carbon and oxygen contents as well as greater hydrogen content. The conclusions on common features and differences in the petrographic composition as well as chemical and technological features of coal seams of С12and С13 series, and regularities of their changes over the area of the seam occurrence was assessed.
The use of SMART technologies in censuses: world experience and prospects for Ukraine
Authors: Zastavetska Lesia B. , Zastavetskyi Taras B. , Dudarchuk Kateryna D. , Illiash Iryna D.
Published: April 2021

Current records of the population in Ukraine are carried out systematically by the relevant bodies and departments of statistics of various levels. It provides an opportunity to quickly obtain the main statistical characteristics of the population in a short time. However, other important parameters of the country’s population, such as ethnic structure, literacy, education, property status and other important indicators, do not take this into account. They can only be installed by census. The article analyzes the results of censuses of some countries of the world, which decided to introduce innovative technologies - SMART-phones, Internet resources - into this process. The study revealed the advantages and disadvantages of such a census format. In the course of the scientific research, statistical indicators of censuses using innovative technologies, which were conducted in the respective years in the USA, Canada, Lithuania, Estonia, Brazil, Australia were analyzed. The basic normative provisions concerning the census procedure in Ukraine, covered in the main legislative documents, as well as the materials of the Institute of Demography and Social Research named after M. V. Ptukha of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, which develops the program and questionnaire of censuses in our country. SWOT analysis of the use of SMART technologies in the census was conducted to identify the advantages and disadvantages, as well as to outline the prospects and threats of the census using innovative technologies. Benefits include the ability to quickly collect and organize information, low census costs, compared to the traditional option. The main disadvantages of the latest census should be mantioned the need to develop expensive software with a high degree of personal data protection, as well as the complexity of fully transitioning the census to the online platform. Studying the experience of countries that have already conducted population censuses using innovative technologies indicates the importance of legally binding participation in the census questionnaire (either electronically or traditionally). The possibility of conducting two stages of population census in Ukraine in 2020 is indicated: in the online mode and in the traditional format. Such an approach to the census procedure will allow the coverage of respondents in all regions and settlements of Ukraine.
Re-interventions after the Ross procedure: reasons, technical approaches, immediate outcomes
Authors: Muratov R. M. , Fedoseykina M. I. , Titov D. A. , Britikov D. V. , Khugaev G. A.
Published: April 2021

Re-interventions after pulmonary autograft aortic valve replacement (Ross procedure) may be associated with dysfunction of the neoaortic, neopulmonary, or both operated valves. Late dysfunction, other than infective endocarditis, is associated with underlying conditions, technical errors, and unsuitable pulmonary trunk replacement materials. Re-interventions are technically complex, while tactical approaches have not been definitively formulated. Objective: to analyze re-interventions in patients after Ross procedure, technical approaches and immediate outcomes. Material and methods. Between 2001 and 2019, 14 patients were reoperated upon within 2 days to 21 years after primary Ross procedure. Early prosthetic endocarditis (2) and technical errors (1) were the reasons for early postoperative re-intervention. Neoaortic valve insufficiency (7), including pulmonary valve dysfunction (2), pulmonary valve degeneration (2), pulmonary prosthetic valve endocarditis (1), aortic, pulmonary and mitral valve endocarditis (1) were the reasons for late postoperative re-intervention. Based on the lesion volume, neoaortic valve replacement (3), neoaortic root replacement (6), including pulmonary valve/trunk replacement (8), and pulmonary trunk stenting (2) were performed. Results. In-hospital mortality was 7.1%. One patient died of early endocarditis after primary procedure. The postoperative period for the remaining patients was uneventful. Microscopic examination of the neoaorta revealed fragmentation of elastic fibers and rearrangement of tissue histoarchitectonics. In the pulmonary position, the aortic allograft and stentless xenograft had severe calcification and valve stenosis. Conclusions. Neoaortic valve insufficiency associated with cusp prolapse and neoaortic root dilatation may be the reasons for re-interventions after the Ross procedure. The second reason for re-interventions is valve graft dysfunction in the pulmonary trunk position. Elective reoperations on the neoaortic root and/or lung graft, despite the large volume, can be performed with low mortality and morbidity. Aortic allografts and xenografts for reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is unjustified due to early and more severe dysfunction compared to pulmonary allograft.
The contamination of hospital water supply systems by Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Tartakovsky I. S. , Gruzdeva O. A. , Sharapchenko S. O. , Gabrielyan N. I.
Published: April 2021

The risk of severe infectious complications associated with provision of medical care continues to be a pressing issue in modern surgery. Legionella pneumophila, characterized by its wide distribution in water supply systems and is highly active in film formation, represents a dangerous/important cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Patients requiring immunosuppression, including organ transplant recipients, are in the special risk group. Prevention of hospital-acquired legionellosis in patients at risk is essential due to severe clinical manifestations and high mortality. Objective: to summarize the practical experience in detecting contamination of water supply systems by Legionella pneumophila strains in multidisciplinary hospitals in Moscow. Materials and methods. Isolation of Legionella pneumophila strains from water and biofilms of water supply systems in multidisciplinary hospitals in Moscow and serotyping of this pathogen using bacteriological, molecular genetic and enzyme immunoassay methods. Results. Legionella pneumophila content in water reached high levels. The peculiarities of Legionella pneumophila contamination of hot water supply systems included formation of stable biofilms, in which other hospital-acquired pathogens were also identified. The share of Legionella pneumophila «SG 1», which causes up to 80% legionellosis cases in the world, was 13% in the water of the hospitals surveyed. The most effective measures for prevention of legionellosis are actions aimed at ensuring water biosecurity. Conclusion. There are potential risks of disease in the surgical wards of hospitals providing medical care, including in immunocompromised patients. Due to potential risks, prevention of hospital-acquired legionellosis is a necessary component of ensuring the safety of treatment for immunosuppressed patients.
Postoperative pericardial effusion: peculiarities of the development and course
Authors: Kiriakov K. S. , Zakharevich V. M. , Khalilulin T. A. , Zakharevich N. Y. , Abramova N. N. , Pozdnyakov O. A.
Published: April 2021

Heart transplantation continues to be the gold standard treatment for end-stage chronic heart failure. As with any cardiac surgery, heart transplantation is associated with postoperative complications. One of the most common complications is postoperative pericardial effusion. Heart recipients have a greater risk of developing pericardial effusion than patients after cardiac surgery on their own heart, due to surgical and immunological features. Severe pericardial effusions negatively affect the postoperative period and may be the cause of life-threatening conditions. Identification of risk factors, prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of this disease can significantly reduce the risks of adverse events in this group of patients. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the development and course of pericardial effusion in heart recipients in world practice.
Bronchial complications after lung transplantation
Authors: Pashkov I. V. , Bekov M. T. , Gautier S. V.
Published: April 2021

Bronchial complications are among the main causes of impairing postoperative period and thansplant failure. Severe bronchial complications are very rare but have a high mortality rate. Light forms decrease transplant function and while progressing can leads to life-threatening conditions without required treatment. Nowadays there is a huge necessity in classification of diagnostic and bronchial complications treatment on different terms after lung transplantation. Methods of observation bronchoscopy and interventional bronchology are allowing us to realize prevention, diagnostic and treatment bronchial complications.
Primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Iljinsky I. M. , Tsirulnikova O. M.
Published: April 2021

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), formerly known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is an organ-specific autoimmune disease predominantly affecting middle-aged women. It does not occur in children. PBC prevalence varies depending on the geographic location of the country. Over the past 30 years, there has been an increased incidence of PBC, while significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of PBC due to the development of innovative technologies in molecular biology, immunology and genetics. The presence of antimitochondrial antibodies and cholestasis on biochemical analysis is sufficient to make a diagnosis, without the need for liver biopsy. Small- and medium-sized bile ducts are the targets of PBC. In the first stage of the disease, granulomatous destruction of the bile ducts occurs; in the second stage, loss of bile ducts, their proliferation, increased size of the portal tracts with chronic inflammation; in the third stage - fibrosis with septal formation, loss of bile ducts and cholestasis; in the fourth stage - liver cirrhosis. Previously, the survival rate of PBC patients ranged from 7.5 to 16 years. However, it has improved significantly with ursodeoxycholic acid and obeticholic acid treatment. If there is no effect from treatment and end-stage liver failure sets in, liver transplantation is performed.
Regenerative and hepatospecific activity of total RNA from xenogenic bone marrow cells
Authors: Onishchenko N. A. , Nikolskaya A. O. , Gonikova Z. Z. , Kirsanova L. A. , Shagidulin M. Yu. , Sevastianov V. I.
Published: April 2021

Objective: to study the peculiarities of the induction effect of total RNA (tRNA) from xenogenic bone marrow cells (BMCs) on regeneration processes in the recipient's native liver with extensive liver resection using an adoptive transfer model.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on an adoptive transfer model using male Wistar rats (n = 20) and guinea pigs (n = 17). The donors were rats (n = 10). 12 hours after extensive liver resection (70-75%), tRNA was isolated from BMCs and injected into intact (non-operated) recipients intraperitoneally at a dose of 30 μg/100 g of weight. The induction effect of the tRNA on operated rats was studied in 3 groups of recipients: Group 1 (control, n = 5) - administration of saline to guinea pigs; Group 2 (control, n = 10) - administration of tRNA from a donor rat to a recipient rat (allogeneic transfer); Group 3 (experiment, n = 12) - administration of tRNA from a donor rat to a recipient guinea pig (xenogeneic transfer). In histological preparations of recipient livers, after 48, 72 hours and 7 days, we studied the mitotic activity of hepatocytes and the features of the microscopic picture of the liver. The significance of differences in the compared groups was assessed using the parametric Student's t-test. Results. The ability of BMC tRNA to tissue-specifically activate regenerative and immune responses in the liver after extensive resection was found to depend on the donor and recipient species identity. Introduction of allogeneic donor tRNA in the recipient's liver resulted in predominant enhancement in hepatocyte mitotic activity (p < 0.05). The use of xenogeneic donor tRNA leads to enhanced activity of only immuno-inflammatory reactions in the recipient's liver, such as sinusoidal cell activation, lymphocytic infiltration into sinusoids, and portal tract infiltration by inflammatory cells. Conclusion. To induce regenerative processes in the liver, tRNA obtained from allogeneic BMCs should be used.
Materials for creating tissue-engineered constructs using 3D bioprinting: cartilaginous and soft tissue restoration
Authors: Arguchinskaya N. V. , Beketov E. E. , Isaeva E. V. , Sergeeva N. S. , Shegay P. V. , Ivanov S. A. , Kaprin A. D.
Published: April 2021

3D Bioprinting is a dynamically developing technology for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The main advantage of this technique is its ability to reproduce a given scaffold geometry and structure both in terms of the shape of the tissue-engineered construct and the distribution of its components. The key factor in bioprinting is bio ink, a cell-laden biocompatible material that mimics extracellular matrix. To meet all the requirements, the bio ink must include not only the main material, but also other components ensuring cell proliferation, differentiation and scaffold performance as a whole. The purpose of this review is to describe the most common materials applicable in bioprinting, consider their properties, prospects and limitations in cartilage restoration.
Prognostic value of troponin I after coronary artery bypass grafting (AMIRI-CABG study)
Authors: Bunenkov N. S. , Komok V. V. , Bely S. A. , Sokolov A. V. , Lukashenko V. I. , Nemkov A. S. , Khubulava G. G.
Published: April 2021

In 2017, the European Society of Cardiology outlined the importance of the problem of diagnosing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury following coronary artery bypass grafting. Myocardial injury can be accompanied by a critical decline in the cardiac index and an increase in cardiac troponin I plasma levels. The prognostic value troponin I elevation after coronary artery bypass grafting is poorly understood. Objective: to determine the prognostic value of troponin I plasma levels in relation to a fall in the cardiac index after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Task: To determine the probability the cardiac index falling below 2.2 for troponin I levels in the first hours, and on days 1, 2, 3, 4 after CABG. Materials and methods. The single-center, non-randomized prospective study, running from 2016 to 2019, included 336 patients admitted for elective surgical treatment of coronary artery disease. The CABG patients were divided into three observation groups: off-pump (n = 175), on-pump (n = 128), and pump-assisted (n = 33). Troponin I levels were measured in the first hours, and on days 1, 2, 3, 4 after surgery using the Pathfast Compact immunoassay analyzer. Cardiac index was measured by invasive method. Results. In patients with a cardiac index higher than 2.2, troponin I level did not exceed 0.5 ng/mL in the off-pump group, 6 ng/mL in the on-pump group, and 3.5 ng/mL in the pump-assisted group. Patients with cardiac index lower than 2.2 have comparable troponin I levels in all groups - 21 ng/mL. Troponin I thresholds on day 1 after surgery, which, when exceeded, was associated with the likelihood of the cardiac index falling below 2.2, was 3.78 ng/mL in the off-pump group, 9.67 ng/mL in the on-pump group and 17.06 ng/mL in the pump-assisted group. Conclusion. After off-pump CABG, clinically significant myocardial injury should be expected at lower troponin I levels (3.78 ng/mL) than after on-pump CABG (9.67 ng/mL) and pump-assisted CABG (14.7 ng/mL).
Défis et perspectives de la didactique des DNL en région multilingue
Authors: Ndibnu-Messina Ethé Julia , Ntakirutimana Évariste
Published: April 2021

Les dispositifs de recherche à l’université permettent le développement de plusieurs pratiques aussi bien pédagogiques que scientifiques. Cet article analyse l’impact des recherches terminologiques axées sur les disciplines non linguistiques (DNL) à l’université sur les pratiques pédagogiques au secondaire dans les régions hautement multilingues comme le Cameroun et le Rwanda. Il s’est focalisé sur les méthodes de collecte des lexiques spécialisés en informatique et sciences de la vie et de la terre, leurs transcriptions avec Unicode et surtout l’explication des difficultés de traduction à partir d’un lexique en français et son usage dans les salles de classe. Nos informateurs ont été principalement sélectionnés parmi les enseignants détenteurs d’au moins une Licence. Ces derniers constituent l’échantillon qui nous a permis de conclure à la nécessité de moderniser les langues africaines avant d’en faire des langues d’enseignement ou des langues enseignées.