bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INNOVATION APPROACHES IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT OF UKRAINIAN ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Educational and Scientific Institute of Continuing Education  of the National Aviation University, Sydorchuk Ludmyla , Ponomarov Oleksandr ,   Educational and Scientific Institute of Continuing Education  of the National Aviation University, Ostapenko Tetiana ,   Educational and Scientific Institute of Continuing Education  of the National Aviation University
Published: April 2024

In conditions of fast changes the project management has very important content. In the endless ocean of approaches the innovation basics attract investments and other financial assets to improve productive activity. The project management is based on the teams activity and claims different obligations for executors (from the financial support to marketing activity). Nearest activity in projects is defined by any steps, there are: idea of project, founding of financial assets, forming of team, choice of leader, executions of project and control by execution. Innovation component in project management is very important for understanding of process and result. In innovation projects we can realis all of our ideas and improve activity of the company. Innovation projects support high level of competitiveness of the companies and of national economy in general. The companies adopt to changes in economic, legal, political and cultural environment. The materials include three parts: innovation basics of modern business development in Ukraine; project management as apparat of modernization of business administration innovation methods of optimization of project management on the modern enterprises. This content helped to do conclusions about modern situation of development of project management of different enterprises.
UNDECLARED WORK: FACTORS OF OCCURRENCE, CONSEQUENCES FOR SOCIAL AND LABOUR GUARANTEES’ IMPLEMENTATION, APPROACHES TO REGULATION
Authors:   Institute for Demography and Problems of Life Quality of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogush Larysa
Published: April 2024

According to the EU and the ILO methodology, the State Labour Service of Ukraine interprets undeclared work as a legal paid activity that is not registered fully or partially in accordance with the law requirements; national and foreign experts use the terms of informal, unofficial, unregistered, shadow, hidden employment as synonyms for its various components. The study proves that undeclared work is a broader concept that covers legalized (both official and manipulative), as well as purely shadowy mechanisms of its emergence and functioning. The permission to provide specialized and related recreational services on the base of the potential of personal peasant farms and their locations without mandatory declaration of the entire amount of work and income according to the spectrum of branches of their obtaining had actually formed the ecologically oriented tourism. In the conditions of problematic functioning of the State Labour Service of Ukraine, which have been manifesting in non-systematic performance of its inspection powers, as well as due to the significant spread of non-standard labour relations (with mediation of an employer’s functions, outsourcing contingents of auxiliary, service and part of specialized personnel at various enterprises), tariff-free remuneration systems stimulate numerous manipulations in the field of labour declaration and decent wages. The priorities for preventing undeclared work in Ukraine include: wages’ share consistent growth in the structure of production costs; strengthening a cross-control over the obligations’ fulfilment to pay the minimum wage within tariff-free and hourly wage systems; implementation of the well-founded methodology for harmonizing the minimum wage, the subsistence minimum, and the rest of basic social standards attached to them.
DIGITIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION AND TRADE: TECHNOLOGIES, BENEFITS AND WAYS OF IMPLEMENTATION
Authors:   State Institution ", Hakhovych Nataliia ,   Institute of Economics and Forecasting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine", Kushnirenko Oksana ,   State Institution "Institute of Economics and Forecasting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine", Venger Vitalii ,   State Institution "Institute of Economics and Forecasting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine"
Published: April 2024

The study analyzed the nature of the impact of digitalization on the development of manufacturing enterprises and trade through the study of their genesis and current state. Using the example of mechanical engineering and metallurgy of Ukraine and the world, the key directions of digitization in production and trade are analyzed. The impact of digitalization on ensuring the stability of Ukrainian enterprises during wartime is analyzed. Digital technologies and systems, platforms and services of production and trade are characterized. The advantages and disadvantages of the digital transformation of the sphere of production and trade were noted. Arguments have been made that digital technologies reduce trade costs. This means that digitization can help speed up international trade. Ways to promote the digitalization of the industrial complex and trade based on the improvement of management mechanisms and system coordination between key stakeholders: state institutions, scientific institutions and business are proposed.
ASSET MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISES IN CONDITIONS OF INCREASED RISK OF MARTIAL LAW
Authors:   University of Customs and Finance, Dudchyk Oksana
Published: April 2024

The theoretical and methodological foundations of the economic essence of the "assets" category were considered. The main aspects of the enterprise’s asset management process were studied. The main indicators of the activity of Ukrainian enterprises and the impact of the martial law on them were analyzed. The composition, dynamics and structure of assets and capital of enterprises were studied. Changes in the dynamics and structure of assets in terms of large, medium and small enterprises of Ukraine for 2019–2022 were analyzed. The influence of individual elements of assets on the total assets of enterprises was analyzed. The key problems of the asset management system have been identified, and practical recommendations were provided to optimize the productivity of the use of enterprise assets.
Design and optimization of ketoprofen floating tablets
Authors: Srushti  , Anand Kumar Yegnoor
Published: April 2024

The objective of the present research work is design and optimize hydrodynamically balanced Ketoprofen (KF) floating tablets to enhance their gastric residence time because it has a narrow absorption window, poor bioavailability and short half-life. The Central Composite design is used to optimize the amount of Guar gum (X1) and HPMC K100M (X2) as two independent variables and study how they affect the two response such as in vitro Buoyancy lag time (Y1) and in vitro drug release (t50 Y2). Eleven trials were developed through the Central Composite design (CCD) to study all the optimal interaction between variables and responses through a polynomial equation. The optimized formulation is then characterized using pre-compression, post-compression tests, in vitro drug release and kinetic drug release. The Buoyancy time (lag time) and t50 of optimized floating tablet are 2.5 min and 6.68 hr respectively. The optimized formulations followed Higuchi's kinetics while the drug release mechanism was found to be anomalous type, controlled by diffusion through the swollen matrix. The results show that the hydrodynamically balanced systems significantly prolonging the KF drug release also improving its gastric residence time in the stomach. This research contributes to the field of drug delivery systems by providing a novel approach for improving the therapeutic efficacy of KF and potentially other drugs with similar characteristics
Nanotechnology-enhanced roadway infrastructure in the U.S: An interdisciplinary review of resilience, sustainability, and policy implications
Authors: Eche Samuel Okem  , Tosin Daniel Iluyomade  , Dorcas Oluwajuwonlo Akande
Published: April 2024

In the context of U.S. road infrastructure, nanotechnology offers distinct advantages over traditional materials by markedly improving durability and sustainability for future developments. The essay presents a full-scale analysis that aims to at the junction between engineering and nanotechnology reliability and strengthen the transportation system against ever-rising challenges. By taking into account a qualitative research perspective, the paper delves into academic literature to provide a view of resilience and innovative nanotechnology applications. Through the exemplary demonstration of the application of nanotechnology, the paper explains the revolution the science has brought about, which includes semiconductor nano-sensors providing for real-time road monitoring and self-healing materials that increase durability. The study emphasizes the mechanical good qualities and sustainability of nanotechnology-boosted materials, upgrading technical challenges and incorporating top maintenance procedures to increase infrastructure strength levels. The investigation, apart from technical skill, also brings in the social and economic factors as well as addressing environmental sustainability, thus moderating growth and ensuring the communities on the rise. The paper illustrates that nanotechnology is a mechanism for transforming roadside infrastructure, and at the same time, the recommendations point to policymakers and practitioners to participate in sustained and interdisciplinary collaboration, respectively. Finally, this study can be seen as one of the guides towards a resilient and environmentally friendly inventory of infrastructure systems where innovation operates in conjunction with resource management and economic development. Applying nanotechnology as well as accepting comprehensive development concepts, policymakers and professionals will design standards that will reflect humans intelligence and promise of the future.
Independently tunable quad band patch antenna using CSRR for C and X-band applications
Authors: B. Nancharaiah  , T. Poorna Sridevi  , Ch. Vasantha Kumar  , A. Sai Karthik
Published: April 2024

The suggested antenna is based on a patch including complementary split-ring resonators in the ground plane and a truncated corner slot. The antenna displays four operational bands in this manner, and its resonant frequencies can be individually adjusted by adjusting the ground plane resonator structures and the patch slot's dimensions. Furthermore, the antenna displays a notch-band feature at 10.7 GHz as a result of the complementary split-ring resonator structures' anti-resonant behavior. Four X-band operating bands are displayed by the suggested antenna, together with their respective absolute and relative bandwidths. 7.0–7.2 GHz (200 MHz, 7.8–8.0 GHz (200 MHz),8.3–8.4 GHz (100 MHz) and 8.7-8.9 GHz(200MHz) s. The antenna is simulated in order to achieve desired gain, omnidirectional radiation patterns, and return loss characteristics.
Analyzing the impact of algorithmic trading on stock market behavior: A comprehensive review
Authors: Lawrence Damilare Oyeniyi  , Chinonye Esther Ugochukwu  , Noluthando Zamanjomane Mhlongo
Published: April 2024

In the ever-evolving tapestry of financial markets, algorithmic trading has emerged as a transformative force, redefining the boundaries of trading strategies and market dynamics. This paper delves into the intricate world of algorithmic trading, with the aim of elucidating its multifaceted impacts on financial markets, from liquidity and volatility to regulatory frameworks and technological advancements. Through a meticulous thematic analysis, grounded in a carefully curated selection of peer-reviewed literature, this study navigates the complex interplay between algorithmic trading strategies and market behavior, offering a panoramic view of its evolutionary trajectory and current landscape. The scope of this paper encompasses a comprehensive examination of algorithmic trading's principles, strategies, and its dualistic role in enhancing market efficiency while posing potential challenges to market stability. The findings reveal that algorithmic trading, characterized by its high-speed and high-volume trading capabilities, significantly influences market liquidity and volatility, often with mixed outcomes. These insights underscore the critical need for adaptive regulatory measures that can keep pace with technological advancements, ensuring market integrity and protecting investors. Conclusively, the study advocates for a collaborative approach among market participants, regulators, and policymakers to harness the benefits of algorithmic trading while mitigating its risks. Strategic recommendations emphasize the importance of embracing technological innovation, fostering ethical trading practices, and implementing agile regulatory frameworks. In the grand narrative of financial markets, algorithmic trading stands as both a beacon of progress and a domain requiring vigilant oversight, heralding a new chapter in the annals of market evolution.
The Effect of Credit Risk and Board Diversity on the Performance of Banks Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange
Authors: Suhardono Adhyatma Ndaru , Simamora Asnita , Agung JR. Dwi Mas Sukma , Lestari Henny Setyo , Leon Farah Margaretha
Published: April 2024

This research aims to analyze the influence of several factors on banking performance in Indonesia, with a focus on Return on Assets (ROA). The factors studied include the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Loans (NPL) ratio, Expected Credit Loss Provision (CKPN) ratio, Earning Ability (BOPO), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Board Diversity (BD). Data was taken from banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2018 to 2022. The analysis method uses a linear regression test with a Fixed Effect Model. The research results show that the NPL ratio, CKPN ratio, BOPO, LDR, and BD have a significant influence on banking performance, while CAR does not have a significant influence. These results provide important information for investors and managers in managing banks, as well as being the basis for further research in identifying other factors that influence banking performance in Indonesia.�
Editorial
Authors: Celaschi Adriano
Published: April 2024

Editorial
Teaching future designers the specifics of form shaping for architectonic objects of the object-spatial environment and costume
Authors: Zhivova Lana Yanovna , Zabolotskaya Evgenia Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2024

The aim of the research is to identify the relevant format of applying the modular form shaping technique when teaching the “Architectonics of three-dimensional structures” course to students in various design training programs. The paper addresses issues related to the practical mastery of the specified course by students in creative training programs, focusing on the features of a developed comprehensive exercise. The scientific novelty of the work lies in using modular form shaping of varying structural complexity within the described task, aiming to find the structure of an independent object rather than merely an element the multiple repetition of which forms a complete shape. Additionally, the developed system of approaches is universally applicable to most three-dimensional design objects. Moreover, the concise combination of theory (a set of basic laws of constructing harmonious forms) and its implementation through the development of crucial analytical skills and the direct realization of an author’s art object using advanced paper-plastic techniques is atypical for standard exercises. Thus, the uniqueness of the described task is evident due to its comprehensive approach to form shaping and an attempt to immerse students in the full process of a designer’s work. As a result of the research, the universality of the principles embedded in the described exercise has been identified, applicable not only to the creation of products presented in the paper but also to any three-dimensional art objects.
Home experiment as a means of enhancing pupils’ cognitive activity in studying the comprehensive school physics course
Authors: Andryushechkin Sergey Mikhailovich
Published: April 2024

The modern personality-oriented education process, aimed at developing pupils morally and intellectually, is effectively implemented within the framework of problem-based learning. In the case of teaching the comprehensive school physics course, pupils’ enhanced cognitive activity should be organized considering the fundamental scientific method of physics – the experimental method. The research aims to justify the necessity of constructing didactic materials for conducting home experiments as an element of the practical implementation system of problem-based learning in the comprehensive school physics course. The scientific novelty of the research lies in proposing to elevate the status of the didactic technique of enhancing pupils’ cognitive activity, namely “home experimentation”, by incorporating relevant didactic material into the basic general education program of the subject “Physics” (basic level). As a result, changes were made to the basic general education program of the subject “Physics” (basic level), and its new version was published (Андрюшечкин С. М. Программа основного общего образования предмета «Физика» (базовый уровень). Изд-е 2-е, перераб. и доп. М., 2024).
Minimal semantic description of meaning in relation to abstract vocabulary using the example of the German lexeme „Rechtsstaat“
Authors: Stepanova Maria Alexeyevna , Savankova Ekaterina Vladimirovna
Published: April 2024

The research aims to address the issue of identifying hidden meanings of an abstract lexeme and representing them using the descriptive method of generative lexicon. The scientific novelty lies in developing a cognitive modeling experience of legal vocabulary through connotative meanings, where for the first time, J. Pustejovsky’s method of qualia structure analysis is applied to investigate the deep semantic structure of an abstract lexeme and its semantic variability. Through theoretical research, the importance of context, pragmatics, and syntax is demonstrated, highlighting the insignificance of characteristics such as abstractness and concreteness for describing the semantic structure of lexemes. The interdisciplinary nature of the research provides a key to connotative semantics, complementing the range of meanings with contextual senses. The identified zones of meanings are characterized as nuclear, circumnuclear, and peripheral depending on the degree of expression of these meanings: some are common and most frequent, while others are not present in all dictionary definitions or present only in specific contextual examples. The research findings amount to the discovery of the semantic features of varying expression levels in the German lexeme „Rechtsstaat“, among which the profound significant meaning of “justice” may be lost due to ethnopsychological factors of perception.
Protest slogans in French: Lexico-syntactic and semantic aspects
Authors: Abramova Elena Konstantinovna
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study is to identify the main lexical and syntactic units used in protest slogans in French. The paper sheds light on the notions of “protest”, “protest communication”, “a protest slogan”, determines the lexical composition of the French protest discourse, on the basis of which thematic groups, the most frequent lexical and syntactic units are identified and the features of their use are considered. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in revealing the lexico-semantic content of protest slogans based on the material of the French language, determining the features of using the most frequent lexical and syntactic units in the French protest discourse. As a result of the work, it was found that the French protest tradition has a rich linguistic expression (759 lexical and syntactic units). This made it possible to identify the following thematic groups: yellow vests protests; anti-COVID measures; pension and the pension reform; resignation; values; a call for protests; unity; France; violence; violation of rights; anger; money; work; life; death; global problems. The following units were the most frequent: Macron (98), non (49), pour (45), retraite (41), peuple (29), liberté(s) (27), France (23).
Features of the functioning of peripheral punctuation marks in the epistolary texts by semiliterate authors
Authors: Bageeva Olga Olegovna
Published: April 2024

The research aims to identify the established norm of using peripheral punctuation marks in epistolary texts and to evaluate the functioning of peripheral punctuation in the letters by semiliterate authors relative to this norm. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the first-ever examination of the functions of peripheral punctuation marks in the context of the private official letters written by semiliterate authors. Additionally, the notion of a fixed function was introduced for the first time as a tool necessary for investigating whether peripheral punctuation marks are used in accordance with the norm established within a specific textual genre. The research findings showed that the use of peripheral punctuation in the letters by semiliterate authors may deviate from the generally accepted punctuation norm in the epistolary genre. It was found that norm violations primarily occur in the use of spatial-graphic signs, such as paragraph breaks, text column changes, increased line spacing and spacing between words. As a result of the study on the functioning of peripheral marks in the letters by semiliterate individuals, the following features of peripheral punctuation were also identified: the interchangeability and universalization of punctuation marks, as well as the standardization of their functions.
Discourse “hypostases” of Jacques Lacan: French linguistic culture
Authors: Sedykh Arkadiy Petrovich , Akimova Elvira Nikolajevna , Skvortsov Konstantin Viktorovich
Published: April 2024

The aim of the research is to identify the linguosemiotic characteristics of the discourse of the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan, transmitting elements of his linguistic personality, through the lens of the scholar’s contribution to French language culture. The scientific novelty of the research lies in constructing a cognitive-communicative model for describing discourse and in introducing the term “discourse sharing” into scientific use of language theory to refine the conceptual apparatus and achieve a clearer semantic structuring of the terminological system of onomasiology, language theory, and communication theory. An important aspect of the research is the discovery of correlations between interdiscourse transfer and transcultural modeling of meta-psychoanalytic knowledge, in other words, between linguistic and conceptual analysis of discourse within the interpretative-semiological approach. The obtained data make it possible to identify a number of important mechanisms of linguosemiotic influence on individual thinking, necessary for adequate communication as a subtype of discourse sharing linked to the activation of the dynamics of linguosemiotic and linguocultural data development, in the process of creating new meta-discourse axiology both in theory and in practice not only in the linguosemiotics of psychoanalysis but also in general linguistics.
Verbalization of the emotional persuasive strategy in the English-language publishing hypertext
Authors: Panfilova Serafima Sergeyevna
Published: April 2024

The study aims to identify the universal and specific parameters of the emotional persuasive strategy in the English-language publishing hypertext functioning within the framework of advertising discourse. The paper examines persuasive tactics and different-level linguistic means of their implementation employed in English-language reviews and summaries of literary texts as specific instances of hypertext practices in publishing discourse. Additionally, a comparative analysis of commercial advertising texts and publishing hypertexts is presented, which helps to determine similarities and differences in the verbalization of the emotional persuasive strategy. The study is novel in that it is the first to identify the tactics of the emotional persuasive strategy in the publishing hypertext based on the English language and to systematize linguistic means implementing these tactics. As a result of the study, it was found that in the process of verbalizing the emotional persuasive strategy in the English-language publishing hypertext, the choice of linguistic means depends on the specific tactic being implemented. It was also determined that the implementation of the emotional persuasive strategy is complex, involving the parallel use of several tactics appealing to the emotional state of the subject.
PARTISIPASI BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN PERSAMAAN LINIER SATU VARIABEL MELALUI MATH CROSSWORD
Authors: Rosdiana Tita , Ahmad Supriadi Egi , Ahmad Mulyadi Agus
Published: April 2024

This research aims to provide a description of student learning participation in learning linear equations with one variable through math crossword. This research is motivated by the low learning participation of students in mathematics learning. The application of Math crosswords in learning linear equations is used as a solution to overcome low student learning participation. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection through observation of the learning process. The instrument used is an observation sheet, with qualitative analysis techniques to describe student learning participation in the learning process. Based on the results of the analysis, student participation in the learning process is classified as good, especially in discussion activities. This research concludes that student learning participation in learning linear equations for one variable through math crossword is classified as good.
ANALISIS TERHADAP JAWABAN PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VIII SMP DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL SPLDV DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS
Authors: Ratnasari Rika , Nurjanah  , Heru Sujiarto  , Usep Kosasih
Published: April 2024

In the process of learning mathematics there is a very important and inseparable process of solving problems. Mathematical problems are still always found difficult by students in the process of solving them, so not many students can do problem solving even though students are required to be able to solve math problems until they find the right answer for the problem. The purpose of this study was to describe the answers of class VIII SMP students in solving SPLDV questions in terms of mathematical problem solving abilities. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The subjects in this study consisted of three students, each of whom had problem solving abilities based on high, medium and low categories. The results of this study were that students in class VIII B at SMP Pasundan 1 Banjaran in the high category could complete the problem solving stages according to Polya and were able to explain the process of solving SPLDV questions. For students in the medium category, they are able to explain the process of solving SPLDV questions, but they are still not quite right in completing the problem solving stages according to Polya. Meanwhile, students in the low category could not complete the problem solving steps according to Polya in solving SPLDV questions.
Sağlık İletişimi ve Yapay Zekâ Kesişimindeki Yayınların Bibliyometrik İncelemesi
Authors: Sönmez Mesut Ersin
Published: April 2024

Pandemi küresel anlamda her alanı etkilemiş ve insanlık için acı tecrübeler yaşatmıştır. Pandemi dönemi ve sonrasını kapsayan 2019-2023 yılları arasında, yapay zekâ (AI) teknolojilerinin sağlık iletişimine olan etkilerinin belirlenmesi doğru bilgilendirme ve sağlık hizmetlerinin iyileştirilmesi açısından kritik önem taşımaktadır. AI teknolojilerinin sağlık iletişiminde nasıl kullanıldığı ve bu kullanımın sağlık hizmetleri, hastalık gözetimi, salgın izleme ve hasta eğitim materyalleri gibi alanlarda yarattığı dönüşümler incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, AI tekniklerinin sağlık verilerinin analizi, tıbbi görüntüleme ve sağlık bilgisinin yayılmasında nasıl etkili olduğunu tartışılmıştır. Yapılan bibliyometrik analiz, sağlık iletişimi ve yapay zekâ konularında yapılan çalışmaları derinlemesine incelenerek, bu alanların karakteristiklerini ve gelişim süreçlerini aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Literatürdeki yayınların niceliksel dağılımı ve etki düzeyleri değerlendirilerek, araştırma alanının tarihsel ve güncel eğilimleri ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç bölümünde, Yapay zekânın sağlık iletişimi alanında önemli bir evrim geçirdiği ve bu teknolojilerin devam eden gelişiminin sağlık alanında yenilik ve ilerlemeye yol açacağı belirtilmiştir. Bu teknolojik ilerlemelerin sağlık hizmetlerinin kalitesini artırma, halka sağlık bilgisi sunma ve sağlıklı karar alma süreçlerini destekleme potansiyeline sahip olduğu vurgulanmıştır.
Moderation of religion in A.J. Ayer’s perspective
Authors: Saputra Riki , Arrasyid  , Ritonga Mahyudin , Lahmi Ahmad , Karim Shofwan
Published: April 2024

Radicalism and violence in the name of religion can be minimized by enriching the literature on religious moderation. Until now, many findings related to the literature on religious moderation have emerged from an internal religious perspective. The study will be richer, more interesting, and deeper if it is carried out through a philosophical approach, therefore this research will reveal the concept of religious moderation according to A.J. Ayer. The research was conducted with a content analysis approach, which reveals the meaning of religious moderation which is juxtaposed with A.J. Ayers thoughts, and even Ayers epistemology is used as an analytical knife in considering religious moderation that occurs in Indonesia.
Two Paths to Convergence: Observations of the Collatz Conjecture
Authors: Subramanian Pradhyumnaa Ganapathi
Published: April 2024

The Collatz conjecture, a longstanding unsolved problem in number theory, suggests that starting with any positive integer n, applying the rule n/2 for even numbers or 3n+1 for odd numbers will eventually lead to the number 1. This paper presents insights into the convergence behavior of the Collatz conjecture. Specifically, numbers not in the form of 2^n must follow one of two distinct pathways towards convergence: they either reach a number expressible as (4^m - 1)/3 or (10*(4^(m-1)) - 1)/3 for integer m >= 1 within their Collatz sequence to converge to 1. Reaching one of these forms in the Collatz sequence is essential for convergence to 1. Conversely, if a number reaches one of these forms in its sequence, convergence to 1 is guaranteed. While this paper does not attempt to prove or disprove the conjecture, it provides valuable observations contributing to our understanding of the Collatz sequence and its convergence properties.
Graphene oxide 2D films for thermo-optic based photonic integrated devices
Authors: Moss David
Published: April 2024

Efficient heat management and control in optical devices, facilitated by advanced thermo-optic materials, is critical for many applications such as photovoltaics, thermal emitters, mode-locked lasers, and optical switches. Here, we investigate the thermo-optic properties of 2D graphene oxide (GO) films by precisely integrating them onto microring resonators (MRRs) with control over the film thicknesses and lengths. We characterize the refractive index, extinction coefficient, thermo-optic coefficient, and thermal conductivity of for the GO films with different layer numbers and degrees of reduction, including reversible reduction and enhanced optical bistability induced by photo-thermal effects. Experimental results show that the thermo-optic properties of 2D GO films vary widely with the degree of reduction, with significant polarization anisotropy, enabling efficient polarization sensitive devices. The versatile thermo-optic response of 2D GO substantially expands the scope of functionalities and devices that can be engineered, making it promising for a diverse range of thermo-optic applications.
Self-guided behavioral activation using an online single-session intervention: Content and lexical analyses of activity scheduling
Authors: Peipert Allison , Rutter Lauren , Howard Jacqueline , Lorenzo-Luaces Lorenzo
Published: April 2024

The Common Elements Toolbox (COMET) is a self-guided online single-session intervention(SSI)containing cognitive-behavioral elements, including behavioral activation (BA).Little is known about the process of activity scheduling in BA.Using data from an 8-week randomized controlled trial of COMET with409online workers with a history of psychopathology, two raters coded the types of activities individuals scheduled during the intervention. Additionally, we compared the activities to a BA dictionary developed from therapist-led psychotherapy. We explored baseline clinical and demographic variables that were predictive of the activity category scheduled and explored the scheduled activity category as a predictor of depression, anxiety, and well-being post-intervention.Results yielded 9 different activity types, most commonly sedentary hobbies (41%), physical activity (29%), and active hobbies (18%).We found a small overlap (17%)between the self-guided BA activities in our COMET sample and those in the existing BA dictionary. Demographic variables were predictive of activity category, but clinical variables were not. The type of activity scheduled was not predictive of post-intervention outcomes.In self-guided BA, individuals, particularly men, less educated participants, and racial-ethnic minorities, tend to pick sedentary activities. Findings underscore the need for adaptive and personalized interventions.
Understanding the influence of online misogyny in schools from the perspective of teachers
Authors: Over Harriet , Bunce Carl , Baggaley Jonathan , Zendle David
Published: April 2024

Young people are increasingly exposed to toxic online misogyny through social media. However, to date, it is not clear how exposure to online misogyny might be influencing the behaviour and experiences of adolescents and children. As a first step towards answering this question, we surveyed 200 teachers, 100 of whom were based in secondary schools (working with children aged 11 and above) and 100 of whom were based in primary schools (working with children aged 4 – 11). 76% of secondary school teachers and 60% of primary school teachers reported that they were extremely concerned about the influence of online misogyny in their schools. When asked to describe an example of the ways in which online misogyny was influencing the behaviour and experiences of male pupils in their schools, teachers referenced cases in which male pupils praised misogynistic influencers, made misogynistic comments and engaged in discriminatory behaviour towards female peers and staff. When asked to describe an example of the ways in which online misogyny was influencing the behaviour and experiences of female pupils in their schools, teachers referenced cases in which female pupils were the victims of misogynistic behaviour and their well-being was adversely affected. 90% of secondary school teachers and 68% of primary school teachers felt that their school would benefit from dedicated teaching materials to address the impact of online misogynists within their schools. Implications of these data for interventions to combat the rise of online misogyny are discussed.
An anisotropic equation of state for solid solutions, with application to plagioclase
Authors: Myhill Robert
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a framework for building anisotropic equations of state for solid solutions. The framework satisfies the connections between elastic and thermodynamic properties required by Maxwell’s reciprocal relations. It builds on a recent anisotropic equation of state for pure phases under small deviatoric stresses, adding a dependence on a vector n, whose components ni contain the molar amounts of independent endmembers in a solid solution. These endmembers may have distinct chemical compositions, site species occupancies or electronic spin states. The high albite-anorthite (Cbar1) plagioclase solid solution is used to illustrate the formulation.
Literature meets Artificial Intelligence: The Way Ahead
Authors: Bagchi Mayukh
Published: April 2024

This short paper has three specific objectives. First, it provides a contextualization of the increasing convergence between Literature and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Second, it unpacks the Representational Entanglement problem when literary works are modelled following the Knowledge Representation paradigm of AI. Third, it reviews the notion of Representational Disentanglement to tackle Representational Entanglement in literary AI models.
The Racialization of Killer Whales: An Application of Gene-Culture Coevolutionary Theory
Authors: Golding David
Published: April 2024

An expanding body of research aims to identify culture in cetaceans, often positing killer whales as an exemplar species. To this end, gene-culture coevolutionary theory provides a conceptual language with which whales are discussed in raciological terms. It renders killer whale ecotypes as discrete cultures that are intrinsically xenophobic and evolutionarily divergent. Such research on whale culture intends to substantiate theories of divergent natural selection between human cultures as well. This effort furthers the essentialism, simultaneously biological and cultural, that has long impelled colonial technoscientific projects of racial typologization. The exchange between the raciologies of humans and killer whales is facilitated by the infrahumanizing frameworks of gene-culture coevolutionary theory that locate whale populations alongside indigenous peoples on a spectrum of cultural simplicity and complexity. At this convergence of the animal and the human, gene-culture coevolutionary theory posits indigenous peoples and killer whales as evidence for social Darwinist theories that dehistoricize and naturalize intercultural conflict and ethnicization. The extension of raciology beyond the human species signals an urgent need to decolonize the biological sciences.
Versatility, value and limitations of using Health and Demographic Surveillance Site data for secondary analyses: guidance for researchers using examples from existing analyses
Authors: McLean Estelle , Sear Rebecca , Slaymaker Emma
Published: April 2024

Health and Demographic Surveillance sites (HDSS) are geographic open cohorts operating in countries with absent/incomplete vital registration. Data on demographic events, socio-demographic indicators, and certain health conditions are regularly gathered on the whole population of a small area, sometimes for decades. In the same countries there are often also nationally-representative demographic data available from roughly quinquennial Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). This paper uses a comparison with DHS data, and an in-depth review of complex HDSS analyses to demonstrate the utility of using HDSS data for secondary analyses, and to provide guidance on the conduct and reporting of these analyses. DHS data has advantages in terms of representativeness and data access, and HDSS in terms of scope for complex longitudinal analyses which may take household and familial contexts into account. HDSS also have issues which make interpretation of data and conclusions challenging: lack of data on in- and out-migrants when they are outside of the area, and repeatedly collected data may result in inconsistencies and/or more reliable data for longer-term residents. Despite these challenges, the reviewed HDSS data analyses demonstrate the flexibility and unique strengths of HDSS data. HDSS data users are recommended to clearly state their methods, particularly how they approached the issues specific to HDSS analyses of handling repeated data, migration and missing data: while there were interesting ways used to approach these issues, they were often not discussed. HDSS data producers are further encouraged to ensure that the data is being used to its full potential.
Comparison of central macular thickness between diabetic patients without clinical retinopathy and non-diabetic patients
Authors: Pokhrel Upasana , Pradhan Eli , Thakuri Rabindra Singh , Pokhrel Kaushal , Paudyal Govinda
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness in patients between 20 and 60 years of age which can be prevented by early detection of diabetic retinopathy. The duration of diabetes is probably the strongest predictor for development and progression of retinopathy. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a recent advance in imaging which is sensitive in early detection of small changes in macular thickness.
Materials and Methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study was done at a tertiary referral center in Kathmandu, Nepal where 364 eyes of 182 patients (182 eyes in 91 patients in each group diabetes without retinopathy group and nondiabetic group) were evaluated. Thickness of the macula was determined by using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD- OCT) and compared between diabetic patients without clinical retinopathy and nondiabetic patients.
Results: The mean CMT as measured by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in diabetic patients was 236.29±40.31 µm whereas it was 244.25±30.51 µm in non-diabetic cases. The mean central macular thickness of diabetic patients with duration of diabetes less than 1 year, 1-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-15 years and more than 15 years were 217.19±42.22, 233.49±45.69, 248.5±31.37, 250.89±21.62 and 240.75±11.26 respectively.
Conclusions: This study concluded that in diabetic patients there was an initial decrease in central macular thickness which gradually increased with increasing duration of diabetes mellitus. Examination of macular thickness could be a useful modality to evaluate progression of disease before appearance of other clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy.
Conjunctival swab positivity and conjunctivitis in SARS-COV-2 in a tertiary care center of Western Odisha
Authors: Dora Jayashree , Sahoo Ruturaj , Chowdhury Ravindra Kumar , Pati Sanghamitra , Dash Saroj , Agrawal Babul Kumar
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The principal route of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) is respiratory droplets. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test of throat swabs, nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum, endotracheal aspirates and bronchoalveolar lavage is the diagnostic test of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. Since the epithelium of the conjunctiva contains angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors, the presence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in conjunctival secretion can be expected. The present study is designed to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 from conjunctival secretions and the prevalence of conjunctivitis in laboratory-confirmed CoronaVirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients.
Materials and methods: This is a prospective observational study carried out in a tertiary care hospital in western Odisha, India from September 2020 to November 2020 during the first wave of CoronaVirus disease-19. One hundred and thirteen laboratory-confirmed CoronaVirus disease-19 positive patients either by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or Rapid antigen test (RAT) from nasopharyngeal swabs were included. Conjunctival swabs were collected from all these patients with proper precautionary measures and sent for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test. Any signs of conjunctivitis at any stage of the illness were observed in all the patients.
Results: Out of 113 samples, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test of the conjunctival swab was found to be positive in three patients (2.65%). The mean cycle threshold (CT) value of these three swabs was 27.16. No signs of conjunctivitis were found in any of these patients. Diabetes and hypertension were associated comorbidities in one patient.
Conclusion:  The absence of conjunctivitis despite the presence of virus in the conjunctival swab gives a message to the ophthalmologists to take precautionary measures during a routine eye examination.
Bilateral keratomalacia secondary to xerophthalmia
Authors: Sapkota Jyoti , Rana Rachana
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Vitamin A deficiency leads to a wide spectrum of ocular manifestations ranging from conjunctival xerosis to corneal ulceration and perforation. Penetrating keratoplasty along with vitamin A supplementation can save the eye and useful vision.
Case: A 10-year-old boy presented with decreased vision in both eyes for 3 months. Slit-lamp examination with diffuse light revealed bilateral corneal thinning with iris prolapse at inferior aspect of cornea. He underwent therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty in both eyes. Vitamin A supplementation was given as per national protocol. Till 1 year postoperatively visual acuity in RE was 6/18 and LE was pre-phthisical. 
Conclusion: Vitamin A deficiency is potentially a sight threatening condition, which may lead to keratomalacia and corneal perforation if neglected. Timely management with Vitamin A supplementation and penetrating keratoplasty can save the eye and vision.
Clinical spectrum of HLA-B27-associated ocular inflammation
Authors: Pyare Richa , Majumder Parthopratim Dutta
Published: April 2024

Introduction: HLA-B27-associated anterior uveitis is the most common identifiable cause of anterior uveitis in adults worldwide. It is associated with significant ocular morbidity in young patients due to its typically recurrent attacks of inflammation and vision-threatening ocular complications.
Materials and methods: This review was compiled using articles identified by searching on PubMed with all relevant keywords such as HLA B27, HLA B27 uveitis, spondyloarthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis, HLA B27 systemic associations.
Results: We summarize the current knowledge on the HLA B27 associated uveitis epidemiology, genetics, clinical profile, systemic associations, laboratory investigations, complications and management.
Conclusion: HLA-B27-associated uveitis is a commonly encountered entity in the uveitic clinic. Its management must be in coordination with a rheumatologist. Early and appropriately intense treatment is essential for optimal visual prognosis.
OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS OF ROUNDABOUT AND CAPACITY ESTIMATION: A CASE STUDY COMPARISON OF SIDRA AND HCM
Authors: Ahmed Alkaissi Zainab , Qasim Laith
Published: April 2024

Attention to how roundabouts can most efficiently be used keep to increase attain goals of efficiency, and safety. This study explored the most significant factors of the roundabout operational performance in Baghdad city. The major objectives of this research are to analyze the operational performance and develop a capacity model for the Al-Turkman roundabout intersection. The SIDRA standard model and highway capacity model (2010) were applied in this research. Results obtained showed excessive delay and queue length that results in a poor level of service, a degree of saturation 1.668 v/c, the southern approach left lane carries high traffic volumes that affected delay time and the queue length of the Al-Turkmani roundabout intersection in general. The differences as percentage estimates for Scenario I was (-53%), (-37%) and (+41%), and (-64%), (-26%), and (+14%) for Scenario II in the morning peak, for evening peak, the differences as a percentage estimates for Scenario I was (-70%), (-33%) and (+31%), and (-89%), (-91%), (+30%) for Scenario II, for the average delay, queue length and degree of saturation respectively. The performance analysis of roundabouts using the HCM model reduces the operational characteristics as compared with SIDRA standard model.