bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Handgrip Strength Is Associated with Poorer Cognitive Functioning in Aging Americans
Authors: McGrath Ryan , Robinson-Lane Sheria G. , Cook Summer , Clark Brian C. , Herrmann Stephen , O’Connor Melissa Lunsman , Hackney Kyle J.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Measures of handgrip strength may show promise for detecting cognitive erosion during aging.

Objective:

To determine the associations between lower handgrip strength and poorer cognitive functioning for aging Americans.

Methods:

There were 13,828 participants aged at least 50 years from the 2006 wave of the Health and Retirement Study included and followed biennially for 8 years. Handgrip strength was assessed with a hand-held dynamometer and cognitive functioning was assessed with a modified version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Participants aged <65 years with scores 7– 11 had a mild cognitive impairment, ≤6 had a severe cognitive impairment, and ≤11 had any cognitive impairment. Respondents aged ≥65 years with scores 8– 10 had a mild cognitive impairment, ≤7 had a severe cognitive impairment, and ≤10 had any cognitive impairment. Separate covariate-adjusted multilevel logistic models examined the associations between lower handgrip strength and any or severe cognitive impairment. A multilevel ordered logit model analyzed the association between lower handgrip strength and poorer cognitive functioning.

Results:

Every 5-kg lower handgrip strength was associated with 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.15) and 1.18 (CI: 1.04, 1.32) greater odds for any and severe cognitive impairment, respectively. Similarly, every 5-kg lower handgrip strength was associated with 1.10 (CI: 1.05, 1.14) greater odds for poorer cognitive functioning.

Conclusions:

Measurement of handgrip strength is a simple, risk-stratifying method for helping healthcare providers determine poorer cognitive functioning. Interventions aiming to prevent or delay cognitive dysfunction should also implement measures of handgrip strength as an assessment tool for determining efficacy.
Inhibition of Histone Methyltransferases EHMT1/2 Reverses Amyloid-β-Induced Loss of AMPAR Currents in Human Stem Cell-Derived Cortical Neurons
Authors: Lin Lin , Liu Aiyi , Li Hanqin , Feng Jian , Yan Zhen
Published: July 2019

Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic dysregulation of gene expression is one of the key molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, little is known about the role of epigenetic dysregulation on synaptic dysfunction in humans, because of the difficulties of obtaining live human neurons. Here we generated mature human cortical neurons differentiated from human embryonic stem cells, and exposed them to amyloid-β (Aβ). We found that the histone methyltransferase, EHMT1, which catalyzes histone lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2, a mark for gene repression), was significantly elevated in Aβ-treated human stem cell-derived neurons. Aβ treatment led to a significant reduction of AMPAR-mediated whole-cell current and excitatory postsynaptic current. Application of BIX01294, a selective inhibitor of EHMT1/2, restored AMPAR currents and glutamatergic synaptic transmission in Aβ-treated human cortical neurons. These results suggest that inhibition of the aberrant histone methylation is a novel approach to reverse Aβ-induced synaptic deficits in human neurons.
18F-FDG Is a Superior Indicator of Cognitive Performance Compared to 18F-Florbetapir in Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Evaluation: A Global Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Khosravi Mohsen , Peter Jonah , Wintering Nancy A. , Serruya Mijail , Shamchi Sara Pourhassan , Werner Thomas J. , Alavi Abass , Newberg Andrew B.
Published: July 2019

Background:

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and 18F-florbetapir PET are approved neuroimaging biomarkers for the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Objectives:

This study aims to compare the efficacy of 18F-FDG and 18F-florbetapir PET at evaluating the cognitive performance of patients with AD, MCI, and normal controls (NC).

Methods:

63 subjects (36 male/27 female, mean age = 68.3) including 19 AD, 23 MCI, and 21 NC underwent 18F-FDG and 18F-florbetapir PET imaging. A global quantification approach was applied on supra-tentorial, frontal, parieto-occipital, temporal, and cerebellar brain regions by calculating the global SUVmean ratios (GSUVr) as the weighted average of all regional SUVmean. 18F-FDG and 18F-florbetapir GSUVr of each region were subsequently correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Results:

Subjects were studied in five categories as NC, MCI patients, AD patients, MCI and AD patients grouped together (MCI/AD), and a group including all the subjects (NC/MCI/AD). Both 18F-FDG and 18F-florbetapir could successfully detect subjects with dementia ( p < 0.001). Studied in all regions and groups, the correlation analysis of 18F-FDG GSUVr with MMSE scores was significant in more regions and groups compared to that of 18F-florbetapir. We also demonstrated that the correlation of 18F-FDG GSUVr with MMSE is stronger than that of 18F-florbetapir in the supra-tentorial and temporal regions.

Conclusions:

This study reveals how 18F-FDG-PET global quantification is a superior indicator of cognitive performance in AD and MCI patients compared to 18F-florbetapir PET. Accordingly, we still recommend 18F-FDG-PET over amyloid imaging in the evaluation for AD and MCI.
Memories Supporting Myself: Autobiographical Memory Supports Self-Continuity in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: El Haj Mohamad , Boudoukha Abdelhalim , Antoine Pascal , Moustafa Ahmed A. , Gallouj Karim , Allain Philippe
Published: July 2019

We investigated, for the first time, how people with mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) reflect on continuity of their self (i.e., whether they are the same person they were before). We invited people with mild AD and control participants to conduct The Thinking about Life Experiences (TALE) Scale. More specifically, we invited participants to indicate whether they think about their life story: when they want to feel that they are the same person that they were before (Item 1), when they are concerned about whether they are still the same type of person that they were earlier (Item 2), when they are concerned about whether their values have changed over time (Item 3), when they are concerned about whether their beliefs have changed over time (Item 4), and when they want to understand how they have changed from who they were before (Item 5). The scores of people with AD and control participants on the items of the TALE scale were similar, except for the first item on which people with AD provided higher scores than did control participants. As demonstrated by scores on Item 1, people with mild AD can retrieve autobiographical memories to reflect on situations in which they want to feel that they are the same person that they were before. In other words, people with mild AD can draw on their personal and meaningful events to maintain a continuous sense of self or even to reflect on situations in which they are concerned about their self-continuity.
Detecting Alzheimer’s Disease from Continuous Speech Using Language Models
Authors: Guo Zhiqiang , Ling Zhenhua , Li Yunxia
Published: July 2019

Background:

Recently, many studies have been carried out to detect Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from continuous speech by linguistic analysis and modeling. However, few of them utilize language models (LMs) to extract linguistic features and to investigate the lexical-level differences between AD and healthy speech.

Objective:

Our goals include obtaining state-of-art performance of automatic AD detection, emphasizing N-gram LMs as powerful tools for distinguishing AD patients’ narratives from those of healthy controls, and discovering the differences of lexical usages between AD patients and healthy people.

Method:

We utilize a subset of the DementiaBank corpus, including 242 control samples from 99 control participants and 256 AD samples from 169 “PossibleAD” or “ProbableAD” participants. Baseline models are built through area under curve-based feature selection and using five machine learning algorithms for comparison. Perplexity features are extracted using LMs to build enhanced detection models. Finally, the differences of lexical usages between AD patients and healthy people are investigated by a proportion test based on unigram probabilities.

Results:

Our baseline model obtains a detection accuracy of 80.7%. This accuracy increases to 85.4% after integrating the perplexity features derived from LMs. Further investigations show that AD patients tend to use more general, less informative, and less accurate words to describe characters and actions than healthy controls.

Conclusion:

The perplexity features extracted by LMs can benefit the automatic AD detection from continuous speech. There exist lexical-level differences between AD and healthy speech that can be captured by statistical N-gram LMs.
What Have We Learned from Cerebrospinal Fluid Studies about Biomarkers for Detecting LRRK2 Parkinson’s Disease Patients and Healthy Subjects with Parkinson’s-Associated LRRK2 Mutations?
Authors: Loeffler David A. , Aasly Jan O. , LeWitt Peter A. , Coffey Mary P.
Published: July 2019

Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common known cause of autosomal dominant Parkinson’s disease (PD) and sporadic PD (sPD). The clinical presentation of LRRK2 PD is similar to sPD, and except for genetic testing, no biochemical or imaging markers can differentiate LRRK2 PD from sPD. Discovery of such biomarkers could indicate neuropathological mechanisms that are unique to or increased in LRRK2 PD. This review discusses findings in 17 LRRK2 - related CSF studies found on PubMed. Most of these studies compared analyte concentrations between four diagnostic groups: LRRK2 PD patients, sPD patients, asymptomatic control subjects carrying PD-associated LRRK2 mutations (LRRK2 CTL), and healthy control subjects lacking LRRK2 mutations (CTL). Analytes examined in these studies included Aβ1-42, tau, α-synuclein, oxidative stress markers, autophagy-related proteins, pteridines, neurotransmitter metabolites, exosomal LRRK2 protein, RNA species, inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and intermediary metabolites. FINDINGS: Pteridines, α-synuclein, mtDNA, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, β-D-glucose, lamp2, interleukin-8, and vascular endothelial growth factor were suggested to differentiate LRRK2 PD from sPD patients; 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-isoprostane (8-ISO), 2-hydroxybutyrate, mtDNA, lamp2, and neopterin may differentiate between LRRK2 CTL and LRRK2 PD subjects; and soluble oligomeric α-synuclein, 8-OHdG, and 8-ISO might differentiate LRRK2 CTL from CTL subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The low numbers of investigations of each analyte, small sample sizes, and methodological differences limit conclusions that can be drawn from these studies. Further investigations are indicated to determine the validity of the analytes identified in these studies as possible biomarkers for LRRK2 PD patients and/or LRRK2 CTL subjects.
CONNECTION OF THE ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION FACTORS AND DIABETES MELLITUS 2 TYPE SEVERITIES
Authors: Ziablytsev S.V. , Panova T.I. , Chernobryvtsev O.P.
Published: July 2019

Relevance. In the case of diabetes mellitus (DM), a whole cascade of pathological reactions unfolds in the endothelium of the vessels that afflict glucose toxicity, excessive action of stimulating hypertension and inflammatory factors, thrombotic activators, and the intensification of oxidative stress, which leads to the formation of endothelial dysfunction (EDF). On the other hand, the damaged endothelium itself is included in the pathogenesis of diabetes and causes the development of further violations.

Objective: to investigate the association of EDF factors: endothelin 1 (ET1), endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), and diene conjugates (DC) with severity of type 2 diabetes.

Materials and methods. Data were used for 152 hospital patients with type 2 diabetes at the age from 34 to 80 years (53.9±8.4 years). Women were 95 (62.5%), men – 57 (37.5%). According to the degree of severity of patients was divided into three groups: 1st (37.5% of patients) – the average stage in the compensation stage (HbA1s 7-9%), 2nd (41.4%) – the average stage in the stage of decompensation (HbA1s more than 9%), 3rd (21,1%) – a severe degree in the stage of decompensation. The control group included 95 practically healthy individuals. The plasma levels of the blood were determined by the enzyme-linked method: ЕТ1 (Biomedica Immunoassays, Austria), eNOS (BCM Diagnostics, USA) і TNFα (Bender Medsystems, Austria). The level of blood NO and DC were determined biochemically (spectrophotometer Specord, Germany). Statistica 10 (StatSoft, Inc., USA) was used to statistically process the data obtained.

Results. Levels of EDF factors depended on the severity of DM 2 type. Thus, the level of ETI in patients exceeded control in 3.7-4.7 times (p<0.001) with the maximum values in the 2nd and 3rd groups; also increased blood levels of NO (1.4-1.5 times; p<0.001). The highest increase was observed in TNFα levels (4.2-6.5 times; p<0.001) and DC (2.3-2.7 times; p<0.001). The blood content of eNOS in the patients' groups was lower when compared with control (1.3-1.9 times; p<0.001). Single-factor regression analysis showed that ET1 caused high glycemia, albuminuria, increased the degree of decompensation of DM 2 type and the degree of diabetic nephropathy. NO accumulation in the blood affects the decrease in glomerular filtration rate and the deterioration of renal function. TNFα and DC contributed to almost all key indicators of DM 2 type, which had a synergistic effect with other EDF factors.

Conclusion. Factors of EDF are closely linked with clinical and laboratory indicators of severity of DM 2 type, which highlights them in the pathogenesis of the disease.
ANALISIS PENYALURAN DAYA LISTRIK PADA SALURAN UDARA TEGANGAN TINGGI 150 KV DARI PLTU BUKIT ASAM KE GARDU INDUK KERAMASAN PALEMBANG
Authors: Azis Abdul , Pebrianti Irine Kartika
Published: July 2019

Jatuh tegangan dan rugi-rugi daya pada saluran transmisi selain dipengaruhi oleh rugi-rugi korona juga dipengaruhi jenis kawat penghantar; luas penampang kawat penghantar; panjang kawat penghantar; resistansi, induktansi, kapasitansi kawat penghantar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penyaluran daya listrik pada Saluran Udara Tegangan Tinggi 150 kV dari PLTU Bukit Asam ke Gardu Induk Keramasan Palembang. Metode penelitian kasus berdasarkan pengumpulan data pada objek kajian. Dari penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa jatuh tegangan pada saluran transmisi adalah sebesar  atau . Kemudian rugi-rugi daya pada SUTT 150 kV adalah  atau , sehingga efisiensi penyaluran daya adalah  atau daya pada ujung penerima sebesar .
Implementation Of Kmeans Clustering On SIPP-KLING Dashboard Applications
Authors: Rohma Fatona Fadilla , Ismail Iklima Ermis , Waluyo Yoyok Sabar
Published: July 2019

This study focused on classifying rumah_sehat data into five categories, namely Healthy, Very Healthy, Unhealthy, Unhealthy, Very Unhealthy. The criteria that will be the input parameters for K-Means calculation are 17 criteria. The implementation of the K-Means Clustering will help in classifying healthier homes that are more filtered, based on 8969 data. Data obtained from the results of clustering k-means can help analyze what parts of a house should be handled more, or which areas have lower levels of health. The test results show that from 8969 data, there were 3303 Very Healthy homes, 2496 Healthy homes, 792 Unhealthy houses, 1706 Unhealthy houses, and 667 Very Unhealthy houses. The test results using confusion matrix showed that the accuracy of this method was 87.05%, with precision of 95.64% and 75, 81%, and recall of 83.82% and 92, 98%. Based on ROC the level of diagnostic value accuracy of 87.05% includes good clustering.
Influence of high power ultrasound on the quality of chicken meat
Authors: Medić Helga , Ćurić Duška , Markov Ksenija , Dujmić Filip , Brnčić Mladen , Janči Tibor
Published: July 2019

Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je odrediti parametre kvalitete svježeg pilećeg mesa nakon tretmana ultrazvukom visokog intenziteta. Rezultati su pokazali da ne postoji značajna razlika u ukupnom broju bakterija između tretmana u ultrazvučnoj kupelji kroz 5 i 15 minuta u ispitanim uzorcima pilećeg mesa te da tretman ultrazvukom nema trajan učinak na uništavanje bakterija u pilećem mesu. Nasuprot tomu, funkcionalna svojstva pilećeg mesa su poboljšana tretmanom ultrazvukom u trajanju od 5 minuta pri frekvenciji 37 kHz, snazi 380 W i amplitudi 100%.
Comparative Study of Rivastigmine and Donepezil on Cognitive Function in Mild to Moderate Dementia
Authors: Islam Shahnaz , Hossain Khan Md Muzammel , Mohammed Shoab Abul Kalam , Hasan Mehedi , Siddika Khaleda
Published: July 2019

Background: Rivastigmine and donepezil are both increase attention and working memory functioning.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to observe and compare the efficacy and safety of rivastigmine and donepezil in mild to moderate dementia.

Methodology: This observational study was conducted on patients with mild to moderate dementia attended in the Out-patient Departments of Neurology, Medicine and Psychiatry, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh during the period from July 2017 to June 2018. Patients with mild to moderate dementia were selected of which group A was treated with rivastigmineand group B was treated with donepezil by respective physician and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was recorded in all participants before initiation of treatment and at 4th week and at 12th week of treatment.

Result: A total of 230 patients with mild to moderate dementia were selected of which 115 were treated with rivastigmine (Group-A) and another 115 were treated with donepezil (Group-B). In course of follow up period 11 patients from group A and 13 patients from group B were dropped out. Finally 104 patients of group-A and 102 patients of group-B were accounted as study subjects for statistical analysis. Out of 230 patients the mean age was 64.89 ± 6.82 years and 63.67 ± 7.02 in group-A and group-B respectively (p=0.204). Vascular dementia was 60(57.7%) patients and Probable Alzheimer Disease was in 44 (42.3%) patients in Rivastigmine treated group. It was 47 (46.1%) and 55 (53.9%) respectively in Donepezil treated group (p=0.095).The mean duration of dementia was 18.53 ± 9.25 months in group-A and 20.82 ± 11.38 months in group-B (p=0.114).The changes of mean MMSE score from 14.39 ± 2.95 at baseline to 16.37 ± 3.21 at 4th week and to 16.37 ± 3.21 at 12th week in Rivastigmine treated group (p<0.001). It was 15.05 ± 3.49, 15.84 ± 3.86 and 19.19 ± 4.38 respectively in Donepezil treated group at the 12th week (p<0.001). The percentage increment of MMSE score from baseline was 14.29% at 4th week and 41.43% at 12th week of treatment in rivastigmine treated group (p<0.001). It was 6.29% and 30.86% in donepezil treated group (p<0.001). When percentage increment of MMSE score were compared between two treatment group, there were significantly higher percentage increment of MMSE score in rivastigmine treated group compared to donepezil treated group estimated at 4th week (p<0.001) and at 12th week of treatment (p=0.001).

Conclusion: Treatment with rivastigmine and donepezil increases cognitive function by measurement of MMSE in patients with mild to moderate dementia.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2019;5(1): 8-12
Diagnostic Validity of 3D-Computed Tomographic Angiography in Spontaneous Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Authors: Mohammad Nur , Mohammad Rumi Jalal Uddin , Khan Sadia Jabeen , Uddin Kalim , Mohammed Faruque Patoary
Published: July 2019

Background: Diagnostic validity of different tests for the detection of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage is an important issue.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to validate 3D-Computed tomographic angiography in spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery and Cath Lab of DMCH in collaboration with private diagnostic centre from September 2013 to February 2015 for a period of six (06) months. Adult patients diagnosed as a case of spontaneous SAH based on clinical features and confirmed by plain CT evidence of subarachnoid blood were included as study population. Patients having current history of trauma, poor clinical grade and agitated patient, patient with renal insufficiency, known allergy to iodinated contrast agent and patients who were not willing participate in the study were excluded from this study. Then both CT angiography and DSA were performed to detect cause of bleeding and to make a treatment planning. In this study DSA was considered as reference standard for evaluation of CTA. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of CTA were calculated per patient basis and per aneurysmal basis.

Result: A total number of 37 patients presented with spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage were recruited for this study. The mean age of patients was 58.53±7.54 years. Sensitivity and specificity in depicting intracranial aneurysms were, 93.75% and 100% respectively on a per-patient basis. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value of CTA are 100% and 71.43% respectively. CTA had shown 94.59% accuracy in detection of intracranial aneurysm. Sensitivity and specificity in depicting intracranial aneurysms were 94.74% and 100% respectively on a per-aneurysm basis. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value of CTA are 100% and 71.43% respectively. CTA had shown 95.35% accuracy in detection of intracranial aneurysm.

Conclusion: In conclusion CTA has high detection capacity of aneurysm among spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage patients.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2019;5(1): 47-52
Accuracy of Ventricular Catheter Tip Placement Using Freehand Placement
Authors: Arman DM , Muhammad Ekramullah Sheikh , Mukherjee Sudipta Kumer , Afreen Samantha , Faraji Md Anwarul Hoque , Asfia Kazi Nur , Mia MA Quddus , Hossain Md Aslam , Azad Mohammad Abul Kalam
Published: July 2019

Background: Inaccurate placement of VP shunt catheter is related to shunt failure.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of ventricular catheter placement during ventriculoperitoneal shunt operations using the freehand technique.

Methodology: This prospective observational study included all patients from a single institution who underwent a ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure in which a new ventricular catheter was placed between September 2013 and August 2016 for a period of three (03) years. Data abstracted for each patient included age, sex, diagnosis, site and side of ventricular catheter placement. Postoperative CT scan images were reviewed for accuracy of ventricular catheter placement.

Results: There were 140 patients included in the study; accuracy ventricular catheter tip placement were 55 (39.28%) using freehand technique.

Conclusion: Mechanical malfunction and infection are the most significant problems associated with shunts for the treatment of hydrocephalus.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2019;5(1): 59-63
Endovascular Recanalization by Mechanical Thrombectomy in Tandem Extracranial and Intracranial Occlusive Lesion in Acute Ischemic Stroke is Still a Therapeutic Challenge: A Case Report
Authors: Islam Sirajee Shafiqul , Rahman Kazi Mohibur , Khan Sharif Uddin , Md Elyas Dewan , Patwary Khairul Kabir , Khan Muhammad Abdul Momen , Hossain Md Amir , Hasan ATM Hasibul
Published: July 2019

A 55-year-old male presented with complete left-sided weakness of the body with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 15 and Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography (ASPECT) score 8 and occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) in the M1 segment on Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA). Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) was not performed as symptoms developed at sleep. Mechanical Thrombectomy was performed after 4.5 hours of the symptom onset with recanalization of Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI classification 2b).

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2019;5(1): 90-94
On Some Paradoxes of the Russian Innovation Infrastruct
Authors: Andryushkevich Olga A. , Denisova Irina M.
Published: July 2019

This paper analyzes the modern trends in the development of innovation infrastructure (II) in Russia and abroad. An intensive way of development of foreign technology parks is shown, which, acquiring new qualitative features, become centers of innovation at the international level, i.e. they transform to Innovation Centers (IC). The specific features of IC as an institute of innovative economy are marked. The main trend of the development of the Russian innovation infrastructure is shown as an extensive one, relying mainly on a quantitative increase and a partial modernization of the old elements. This is the path generated by contradictions, shortcomings and mistakes in the actions of the state and business. Some paradoxes of the development of the Russian innovation infrastructure are considered: the lack of reliable information about the quantitative configuration of innovation infrastructure, the lack of unified conceptual tools for the system of II elements, effective mechanisms for their interaction, and the innovation’s demand. The main reasons for the emergence of these paradoxes are associated with the lack of a unified (systemic) approach for solving a problems accumulated in the innovation sphere are analyzed. It is shown that the state attempts directed to the development of innovation policy and its financial support, to introduce various mechanisms of interaction between the participants of the innovation process, revive some II elements, as well as the creation of principal new elements, do not bring the expected results. We propose a number of ways for overcoming the existing paradoxes. They include: developing and implementing a single conceptual framework of innovation policy, the state monitoring and reporting system, and linking innovation infrastructure development plans with Federal Strategies and Programs.
KEMANDIRIAN TOILET TRAINING DENGAN PEMAKAIAN DIAPERS ANAK USIA TOODLER DI PAUD KARTINI SUKSES NGALIYAN SEMARANG
Authors: Sa`adah Nikmatus , Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAK

 

Usiatoodler adalah usia 1-3 tahun atau batita, yang merupakan masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak yang sangat cepat sehingga apabila mengalami hambatan maka akan menimbulkan pengaruh pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak selanjutnya. Pelatihan toilet training merupakan tugas anak toodler.Toilet training adalah usaha melatih anak agar mampu mengontrol buang air kecil maupun besar yang berlangsung pada anak usia 18-24 bulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kemandirian toilet training dengan pemakaian diapers anak usiatoodler di PAUD Kartini Sukses Ngaliyan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan metode studi kasus atau peneliti lapangan (field study) sampel penelitian adalah anak yang berusia 2-3 tahun di PAUD Kartini Sukses Ngaliyan Semarang yakni sebanyak 10 responden dengan tehnik Consecutive Sampling. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil analisa tingkat kemandirian toilet training dengan penggunaan diapers usia toodler di PAUD Kartini Sukses Ngaliyan adalah adanya tingkat kemandirian toilet training anak usia toodler di PAUD Kartini Sukses Ngaliyan sebanyak 8 anak dan yang tidak mandiri sebanyak 2 anak. Artinya terdapat hubungan penggunaan diapers dengan kemandirian toilet training pada anak usia 2-3 tahun. Melihat hasil penelitian ini maka perlu pendidikan kesehatan pada orang tua maupun guru playgroup tentang teknik toilet training yang baik dan benar pada anak usia 2-3 tahun.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN USAHATANI JAGUNG DI KABUPATEN MUNA
Authors: Sinaini La Sinaini
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendapatan usahatani jagung di Kabupaten Muna.  Penelitian ini menggunakan data cross section yaitu data yang menggambarkan keadaan pada waktu tertentu. Lokasi penelitian dilakasankan di Kecamatan Kabangka pada bulan Maret sampai dengan bulan Juli 2014. Jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 67 petani pemilik sekaligus penggarap. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu analisis fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas yang perhitungannya menggunakan persamaan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata biaya produksi jagung di Kecamatan Kabangka yaitu sebesar Rp. 3.483.217 per luasan lahan 1,19 Ha permusim tanam, dengan pendapatan yang diperoleh sebesar Rp. 4.309.201.  Faktor luas lahan garapan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan petani jagung di Kecamatan Kabangka, sehingga diperlukan penambahan luas areal penanaman jagung guna meningkatkan produksi dan pendapatan petani jagung. Modal berpengaruh signifikan sehingga pembiayaan dan akses modal kepeda petani perlu ditingkatkan. Biaya tenaga kerja berpengaruh signifikan, sehingga diperlukan tenaga kerja yang terampil dalam teknologi budidaya jagung guna meningkatkan produksi jagung.  Sedangkan biaya pupuk tidak berpengaruh signifikan sehingga diperlukan masukan berupa pelatihan penerapan teknologi pemupukan kepada petani, biaya obat-obatan tidak berpengaruh signifikan, sehingga diperlukan pelatihan teknik pengendalian hama dan penyakit yang aman dan ramah lingkungan kepada petani, dan biaya benih tidak berpengaruh signifikan sehingga diperlukan masukan teknologi berupa penggunaan benih yang benar kepada petani jagung di Kecamatan Kabangka, Kabupaten Muna.Kata Kunci: Jagung,  faktor produksi, dan pendapatan
PERAN PEREMPUAN DAN STRATEGI KEBERLANJUTAN NAFKAH RUMAHTANGGA PETANI HORTIKULTURA KABUPATEN KONAWE
Authors: Israwati Israwati , Saediman Saediman , Rahmah Nur
Published: July 2019

This study was done in Lalonggotomi and Ahuawatu village, Pondidaha subdistrict of Konawe Regency with purposes: described the role of woman in horticultural farmer’s household in Konawe Regency; described the strategy used for the household expenses continuity of horticultural farmer in Konawe regency. The results of the research were: the woman role in Lalonggotomi and Ahuawatu was fairly high with 84%, this showed that woman who do an activity such as reproductive, productive and social reached 84% from total number of informant; strategy done for the continuity of household expenses were: Creation of farming expenses source with the utilization of farming sector effectively and efficiently, increasing number of employee, the us of recent technology innovation and land expension; double expenses pattern, beside helping the husband to work in the farm. there were also daily necessity’s shop, catering, and vegetable distributor, sewing and rise selling; the utilization of loan; and asset utilization.Keywords: woman’s role; household expenses; continuity strategy
IMPLEMENTASI DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI PETERNAK DALAM MEMILIH BERUSAHA TERNAK AYAM BROILER MELALUI POLA KEMITRAAN INTI PLASMA DI KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Rudiawan Muhammad , Bahari Bahari , Dirgantoro Muh. Arief
Published: July 2019

This study aims to analyzing the implementation of broiler chicken business contracts, analyzing the factors that influence breeders to choose broiler breeding businesses with a partnership pattern, and comparing the finances between broiler business farmers in partnership with independent pattern broiler chicken businesses Kendari by using 66 respondents determined through the census method. Data is estimated by; descriptive analysis, binary logistic regression analysis and analysis of independent sample t test. The results showed that: the level of implementation of chicken business contracts in Kendari City depends on the high category, which means that the implementation of the contract has been going well, but some attributes still need to be improved, including three variables related to farmers to choose a broiler chicken business through a partnership pattern, namely; the level of income of independent farmers is higher than the level of income of farmers in the partnership pattern per maintenance cycle. However, the level of income of farmers per year from the two groups was not significantly different.Keywords: breeders; broilers chickens; partnership patterns; nucleus-plasma
Potensi Ekstrak Daun Tembelekan Lantana camara sebagai Penghambat Tumbuh Bakteri pada Rumput Laut Kappaphycus alvarezii
Authors: Tolanamy Emand Syapriawan , Patadjai Rahmad Sofyan , Nur Indriyani
Published: July 2019

Salah satu kendala utama dalam upaya peningkatan produksi budidaya rumput laut terutama dari jenis Kappaphycus alvarezii adalah perubahan kualitas lingkungan perairan dan intensitas serangan penyakit rumput laut sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder dan menguji kemampuan larutan ekstrak daun tembelekan Lantana camara dalam mencegah dan mengurangi tingkat transmisi bakteri penyebab penyakit ice-ice pada thallus rumput laut K. alvarezii secara in vitro dan kohabitasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan larutan ekstrak daun tembelekan positif mengandung saponin, tanin, fenolik, flavonoid, steroid, dan glikosida. Ekstrak pada konsentrasi 2000 ppm dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Vibrio alginolyctus penyebab ice-ice secara in vitro. Perlakuan perendaman selama 60 menit lebih mampu menekan kemampuan transmisi bakteri patogen pada pengujian secara kohabitasi dibandingkan perendaman selama 30 dan 90 menit. Kata Kuncis: Kappaphycus alvarezii, Lantana camara, Vibrio alginolyctus, penyakit ice-ice
Aspek Biologi Reproduksi Sebagai Dasar Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus, Linn 1758) di Perairan Toronipa, Konawe
Authors: Basri Muhammad Irfan , Sara La , Yusnaini Yusnaini
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aspek biologi reproduksi (rasio kelamin, tahap dan indeks perkembangan gonad, fekunditas dan ukuran  pertama  matang  gonad)  rajungan  (P.  pelagicus)  di perairan Toronipa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Mei - Oktober 2014. Sample rajungan diperoleh setiap bulan secara acak. Setiap sample yang diperoleh didentifikasi jenis kelaminnya dan diukur lebar karapas menggunakan caliper ketelitian 0,05 mm, dan ditimbang bobot tubuhnya menggunakan timbangan digital ketelitian 1 g. Total sampel yang diperoleh 179 individu jantan dan 191 individu betina. Rajungan betina yang mempunyai telur (berried female) dilepaskan dari pleopodnya untuk dianalisis fekunditasnya.Sex ratio antara rajungan jantan dan betina yang diperoleh dihitung dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square (α = 0,05). Tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG) sample yang diperoleh diamati dengan cara membuka karapasnya. Perkembangan kematangan tersebut dikategorikan kedalam lima kelas yang dibedakan berdasarkan bentuk, ukuran dan warna gonad mengikuti prosedur Costa dan Negreiros-Fransozo (1998) dan Sumpton et al. (1994). Indeks Kematangan Gonad (IKG) juga dihitung menggunakan rumus: IKG = (berat gonad/berat tubuh total)*100%. Fekunditas rajungan dihitung menggunakan metode “raising factor”, sedang hubungan fekunditas dan bobot tubuh rajungan dianalisis menggunakan persamaan regresi linear sederhana.Hasil penelitian menunjukan rasio J : B adalah 0,96 : 1, walaupun demikian rasio tersebut termasuk seimbang (p < 0.05). Rajungan diperairan ini mempunyai persentase tinggi pada TKG III dan IV yang cenderung dominan setiap bulan yang mempunyai IKG berkisar  3,45 - 5,06%. Puncak IKG terjadi pada bulan Mei (5,06%), sedang terendah pada bulan Juli (3,45%). Kemampuan reproduksi (fekunditas) organisma ini berkisar 0,48*106 - 2,98*106. Ukuran pertama matang gonad rajungan jantan lebih kecil (72,4 mm) dibadingkan dengan rajungan betina (78,5 mm). Pengelolaan rajungan di perairan ini harus hati-hati karena ukuran pertama matang gonad sangat kecil (< 10 cm), yang menunjukan bahwa rajungan di perairan ini mempunyai tingkat eksploitasi tinggi. TKG III dan IV tidak akan memberi potensi reproduksi jika eksploitasi dilakukan intensif. Fekunditas rajungan di perairan ini berhubungan dengan ukuran lebar karapas, yaitu semakin besar lebar karapas maka semakin besar jumlah fekunditas. Keywords: Portunus pelagicus, Biologi reproduksi, Nisbah kelamin, Fekunditas, Ukuran pertama gonad, Indeks kematangan gonad
Pengaruh Substitusi Tepung Kedelai (Glicine max) dengan Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera, Lam) terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos)
Authors: Anshar Anshar , Hamzah Muhaimin , H. Muskita Wellem , Kurnia Agus
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh substitusi tepung kedelai (TK) dengan tepung daun kelor (TDK) terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan bandeng. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah ikan bandeng ukuran 2 ± 0,5 g. Wadah penelitian adalah akuarium berukuran 60 x 50 x 40 cm yang didesain dengan sistem resirkulasi. Media penelitian adalah air laut bersalinitas 25 ± 2 ppt. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 40 hari, dengan diberi pakan uji sesuai perlakuan. Penyiponan dilakukan setiap pagi hari sebelum diberi pakan agar kualitas air dapat dipertahankan. Pengamatan kualitas air dilakukan setiap hari untuk parameter salinitas, suhu, pH, sedangkan untuk kandungan oksigen terlarut, amoniak, dilakukan pada awal, tengah dan akhir penelitian. Penelitian ini didesain dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan mengaplikasikan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diterapkan adalah A (100% TK + 0% TDK), B (75% TK + 25% TDK), C (50% TK + 50% TDK) dan D (25% TK + 75% TDK). Parameter yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan mutlak, laju pertumbuhan harian, kelangsungan hidup, rasio konversi pakan, efisiensi pakan, konsumsi pakan dan retensi protein. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan mutlak yang didapatkan berkisar antara 52,22 – 61,34 g, laju pertumbuhan harian berkisar 3,13 – 3,32%, tingkat kelangsungan hidup berkisar 96,67 – 100%, rasio konversi pakan berkisar 2,75 – 2,81, efisiensi pakan berkisar    35,79 – 37,42%, konsumsi pakan berkisar 145,69 – 164,39 g, retensi protein berkisar 16,58 – 18,48%. Hasil pengukuran parameter kualitas air selama penelitian berada dalam kisaran yang dapat ditolerir oleh ikan bandeng. Kata kunci : Substitusi, tepung daun kelor, tepung kedelai, ikan bandeng, pertumbuhan
Uji Fitokimia Ekstrak Bahan Aktif Rumput Laut Sargassum sp.
Authors: Mulyadi Mulyadi , Nur Indriyani , Iba Wa
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan ekstrak rumput laut Sargassum sp. yang diperoleh dari perairan Bonerita Selat Buton Sulawesi Tenggara. Tujuan jangka panjang penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pemanfaatan rumput laut Sargassum sp. untuk pengendalian penyakit pada budidaya organisme akuatik. Sampel rumput laut kering digiling menjadi bentuk serbuk kemudian diektraksi dengan metode maserasi. Perbandingan sampel dengan pelarut 1:4 (b/v). Hasil uji fitokimia menyimpulkan bahwa kandungan bahan aktif ekstrak Sargassum sp. adalah tanin, saponin, β – karoten, flavonoid, alkaloid, fenolik, steroid dan glikosa.  Penelitian ini mengkonfirmasi potensi ekstrak Sargassum sp.  sebagai imunostimulan dalam budidaya organisme akuatik. Kata kunci: Organisme akuatik, ekstrak Sargassum sp., uji fitokimia
EUV-Induced Plasma: A Peculiar Phenomenon of a Modern Lithographic Technology
Authors: Beckers Job , van de Ven Tijn , van der Horst Ruud , Astakhov Dmitry , Banine Vadim
Published: July 2019

After a long period of relatively low interest, science related to effects in the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) spectrum range experienced an explosive boom of publications in the last decades. A new application of EUV in lithography was the reason for such a growth. Naturally, an intensive development in such area produces a snowball effect of relatively uncharted phenomena. EUV-induced plasma is one of those. While being produced in the volume of a rarefied gas, it has a direct impact onto optical surfaces and construction materials of lithography machines, and thus has not only scientific peculiarity, but it is also of major interest for the technological application. The current article provides an overview of the existing knowledge regarding EUV-induced plasma characteristics. It describes common, as well as distinguishing, features of it in comparison with other plasmas and discusses its interaction with solid materials. This article will also identify the gaps in the existing knowledge and it will propose ways to bridge them.
A Method for Calibrating a Digital Image Correlation System for Full-Field Strain Measurements during Large Deformations
Authors: Blenkinsopp Robert , Roberts Jon , Harland Andy , Sherratt Paul , Smith Paul , Lucas Tim
Published: July 2019

Numerous variables can introduce errors into the measurement chain of a digital image correlation (DIC) system. These can be grouped into two categories: measurement quality and the correlation principle. Although previous studies have attempted to investigate each error source in isolation, there are still no comprehensive, standardized procedures for calibrating DIC systems for full-field strain measurement. The aim of this study, therefore, was to develop an applied experimental method that would enable a DIC practitioner to perform a traceable full-field measurement calibration to evaluate the accuracy of a particular system setup in a real-world environment related to their specific application. A sequence of Speckle Pattern Boards (SPB) that included artificial deformations of the speckle pattern were created, allowing for the calibration of in-plane deformations. Multiple deformation stages (from 10% to 50%) were created and measured using the GOM ARAMIS system; the results were analysed and statistical techniques were used to determine the accuracy. The measured strain was found to be slightly over-estimated (nominally by 0.02%), with a typical measurement error range of 0.34% strain at a 95% confidence interval. Location within the measurement volume did not have a significant effect on error distributions. It was concluded that the methods developed could be used to calibrate a DIC system in-situ for full-field measurements of large deformations. The approach could also be used to benchmark different DIC systems against each other or allow operators to better understand the influence of particular measurement variables on the measurement accuracy.
Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Alternative Fuels for Western Australia’s Transport Sector
Authors: Hoque Najmul , Biswas Wahidul , Mazhar Ilyas , Howard Ian
Published: July 2019

Alternative fuels for the transport sector are being emphasized due to energy security and environmental issues. Possible alternative fuel options need to be assessed to realize their potential to alleviate environmental burdens before policy formulations. Western Australia (WA) is dominated by private cars, accounting for around 72% vehicles with 87% of those using imported gasoline, and resulting in approximately 14% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transport sector. There is an urgent need for WA to consider alternative transport fuels not only to reduce the environmental burden but also to avoid future energy security consequences. This study assesses the environmental life cycle assessment (ELCA) of transport fuel options suitable for WA. The study revealed that ethanol (E65), electric (EV) and plug-in electric vehicle (PHEV) options can decrease global warming potential (GWP) by 40%, 29% and 14%, respectively, when compared to gasoline. The EV and PHEV also performed better than gasoline in the fossil fuel depletion (FFD) and water consumption (WC) impact categories. Gasoline, however, demonstrated better environmental performance in all the impact categories compared to hydrogen and that was mainly due to the high electricity requirement during the production of hydrogen. The use of platinum in hydrogen fuel cells and carbon fibre in the hydrogen tank for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV) and Li-ion battery for EVs are the most important sources of environmental impacts. The findings of the study would aid the energy planners and decision makers in carrying out a comparative environmental assessment of the locally-sourced alternative fuels for WA.
Targeting the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Cancer Treatment Using Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Authors: Vallée Alexandre , Lecarpentier Yves , Vallée Jean-Noël
Published: July 2019

Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are common and co-substantial pathological processes accompanying and contributing to cancers. Numerous epidemiological studies have indicated that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) could have a positive effect on both the prevention of cancer and tumor therapy. Numerous hypotheses have postulated that NSAIDs could slow tumor growth by acting on both chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. This review takes a closer look at these hypotheses. In the cancer process, one of the major signaling pathways involved is the WNT/β-catenin pathway, which appears to be upregulated. This pathway is closely associated with both chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in cancers. The administration of NSAIDs has been observed to help in the downregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway and thus in the control of tumor growth. NSAIDs act as PPARγ agonists. The WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ act in opposing manners. PPARγ agonists can promote cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation, and apoptosis, and can reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, proliferation, invasion, and cell migration. In parallel, the dysregulation of circadian rhythms (CRs) contributes to cancer development through the upregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. By stimulating PPARγ expression, NSAIDs can control CRs through the regulation of many key circadian genes. The administration of NSAIDs in cancer treatment would thus appear to be an interesting therapeutic strategy, which acts through their role in regulating WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ activity levels.
Role of Cardiolipin in Mitochondrial Function and Dynamics in Health and Disease: Molecular and Pharmacological Aspects
Authors: Paradies Giuseppe , Paradies Valeria , Ruggiero Francesca M. , Petrosillo Giuseppe
Published: July 2019

In eukaryotic cells, mitochondria are involved in a large array of metabolic and bioenergetic processes that are vital for cell survival. Phospholipids are the main building blocks of mitochondrial membranes. Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique phospholipid which is localized and synthesized in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). It is now widely accepted that CL plays a central role in many reactions and processes involved in mitochondrial function and dynamics. Cardiolipin interacts with and is required for optimal activity of several IMM proteins, including the enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC) and ATP production and for their organization into supercomplexes. Moreover, CL plays an important role in mitochondrial membrane morphology, stability and dynamics, in mitochondrial biogenesis and protein import, in mitophagy, and in different mitochondrial steps of the apoptotic process. It is conceivable that abnormalities in CL content, composition and level of oxidation may negatively impact mitochondrial function and dynamics, with important implications in a variety of pathophysiological situations and diseases. In this review, we focus on the role played by CL in mitochondrial function and dynamics in health and diseases and on the potential of pharmacological modulation of CL through several agents in attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction.