bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scholarly Work 1914–1915
Authors: VanderKam James C.
Published: February 2023

The chapter is largely devoted to another of Charles’s synthetic books, this one entitled Religious Development between the Old and the New Testaments (1914), part of the series The Home University Library of Modern Knowledge and closely resembling his A Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life. It summarizes his presentations such as rejecting the notion that the time between the Testaments was one of silence (it was a period of important religious developments), similarities and distinctions between prophecy and apocalyptic and their eschatologies and ethical teachings, messianism, Christ as Son of Man and Servant of the Lord, the blessed future life, and forgiveness of neighbors, the need for ongoing reinterpretation of Scriptures, and the advisability of having a national church. It also surveys the final chapters in the book that center around the apocryphal and pseudepigraphic books. The chapter also deals with a University of London dissertation that Charles evaluated and that he advocated publishing.
The End of His Days
Authors: VanderKam James C.
Published: February 2023

The chapter follows the events around the last days of Charles. It deals with various health issues and with a road accident that badly injured him, as well as with the preparations he made before his death on January 30, 1931. The arrangements for his funeral are described, and some of the obituaries that appeared in major newspapers and elsewhere are referenced. The chapter also relates his worth at death, the disposition of his property, with many books and some pieces of furniture being left to Ripon Hall (now Ripon College Cuddesdon), and the assistance Henry Major gave to Mrs. Charles in arranging for the publication of Charles’s last collection of sermons by Blackwell—a volume that includes a memoir by his old friend Charles D’Arcy.
Related approaches
Authors: Heine Bernd
Published: February 2023

The main goal of the book is to show that interlocutors draw on two contrasting principles of discourse organization. On the one hand, they rely on the nearly unlimited resources available in sentence grammar; on the other hand, they draw on the more limited potential offered by interactive grammar. As this chapter reveals, this is not a new perspective; rather, it surfaces in a range of different frameworks of linguistic analysis. And, as is emphasized in this chapter, much the same perspective has also been presented in academic domains other than linguistics. In particular, a parallel distinction has been displayed in neurological research on differential activity in the two hemispheres of the human brain. And similarly important correlations have been pointed out in social psychology in work on the structure of reasoning and judgment processes.
Preliminaries
Authors: Steigmann David J.
Published: February 2023

The basic phenomenology of plastic deformation in metals is discussed, and the mechanisms responsible for it are surveyed. Essential background from Continuum Mechanics is provided.
Energy, stress, dissipation, and plastic evolution
Authors: Steigmann David J.
Published: February 2023

The basic constitutive structure for plastic evolution, involving the notions of energy dissipation, yield and plastic flow, are discussed in detail, and the primary role of the Eshelby tensor as the driving force for dissipation is emphasized. Extensions to encompass discontinuous deformation gradients are included. The essential differences in the response of crystalline and isotropic materials are explained.
Science in the Pre-Modern East
Authors: Schaefer Dagmar
Published: February 2023

This chapter surveys the place of knowledge in China during the immediate pre-modern period. It examines the relationship between scholars and the state, with a particular attention to the Song dynasty and the views developed during that period about the cultural and political roles of scholars and scholarship. It discusses how knowledge of such things as the movements of heavenly bodies, or of the state of the weather, were understood to have consequences for the workings of the state. It surveys efforts by state bureaucracy to control the generation and the circulation of knowledge as part of the business of government.
Experimental Cultures
Authors: Rhys Morus Iwan
Published: February 2023

This chapter surveys the rise of laboratory science during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It shows how, during the nineteenth century, laboratories became distinct places of experiment and surveys the growth of university laboratories for teaching and for research across Europe and North America in particular during the second half of the century. The chapter investigates the increasing importance of experimental culture in physics in particular and the ways in which other scientific disciplines such as chemistry and physiology adopted and adapted to laboratory life. It looks at the place of laboratories in the growth of Big Science during the second half of the twentieth century and the further transformations in laboratory culture that entailed.
Exploring Nature
Authors: Rees Amanda
Published: February 2023

This chapter surveys the rise of a variety of distinctive field sciences and the emergence of new kinds of methodologies for field science during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The chapter explores the political and economic context of field sciences. It looks at sciences such as geology, oceanography, and zoology in order to investigate the different ways in which scientific practitioners in these fields developed novel strategies for investigating nature outside the laboratory. It looks at voyages of exploration, the accumulation of specimens, ways of observing animal behaviour, and dealing with extreme environments, for example, as instances of the distinctive ways in which field sciences are conducted.
Communicating Science
Authors: Sleigh Charlotte
Published: February 2023

This chapter looks at the range of different ways in which science has been presented to the public over the past two centuries, and the different media deployed for communicating science. It surveys the role of public lectures, museums, exhibitions, and print culture in the communication of scientific ideas, as well as more recent media such as film and television. It looks at the different kinds of ways in which science has been communicated to different audiences, and the role of class and gender in the deployment of different approaches to communication. It looks at the different ways in which the media through which science is communicated has an impact on the ways in which science is understood.
A Special Composition Puzzle
Authors: Spencer Joshua
Published: February 2023

The Special Composition Question asks, for any xs, what are the metaphysically necessary and sufficient conditions under which there is a y such that the xs compose y. But answers to the Special Composition Question are not merely meant to provide metaphysically necessary and sufficient conditions for the fact that there is a y such that the xs compose y; answers are meant to provide conditions that explain or ground the fact that there is a y such that the xs compose y. But existential facts are grounded in their instances. So, the fact that there is a y such that the xs compose y is also grounded in its instances. But the fact that there is a y such that the xs compose y cannot be grounded both in the conditions of composition and in the instances of composition; that would constitute unacceptable overdetermination of grounding.
The Varieties of Relevance
Authors: Skow Bradford
Published: February 2023

Causal relevance comes in many varieties, and causation is only one of them. There is direct and indirect relevance, and positive and negative relevance, but only the directly and positively relevant things are causes. Relevant non-causes include background conditions, enablers, ennoblers, and preventers. By distinguishing enabling from causing, switching examples can be defanged, so that they no longer threaten the transitivity of causation. And by distinguishing preventing from causing a negative (several arguments that they differ are given), a path is cleared to deny that double prevention is causation. But a blanket denial is not issued: double prevention sometimes is, and sometimes is not, causation, and criteria for when a case is one or the other are presented.
COVID-19, Law, and Regulation
Authors: Bennett Belinda , Freckelton Ian , Wolf Gabrielle
Published: February 2023

Chapter 1, ‘COVID-19, Law, and Regulation’, provides an introduction to the book. It begins with an overview of the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, its impact, and major international and national legal and regulatory responses to it. Chapter 1 also outlines five key themes in those responses, which are analysed throughout the book. The key themes introduced in this chapter are: the layers of law involved in the pandemic from a global, national and sub-national view, and the polycentricity of those laws; the role and scope of those laws; understandings of risk and vulnerability—looking at zoonoses, the social and economic context of risk, and the use of data to map risk; human rights; and individual obligations. It is through these themes that the legal and regulatory responses to the pandemic are analysed. This chapter also provides a comprehensive overview of the content of each of the book’s following chapters.
Introduction
Authors: Gabriel Rami
Published: February 2023

The formal purpose of this book is to analyze the sources of knowledge and cultural practices of belief in the contemporary study of the mind. The thesis is that explanations are intrinsically embedded within the desires and beliefs from which they spring. Psychology enacts the knowledge practices of a materialist origin story in empirical psychology, and the cosmology of humanism and individualism in the liberal subjectivities of discursive psychology. The Introduction describes how analyses presented in the first part of the book that suggest lacunae in present practice motivate a proposal articulated in the second part of the book for an interdisciplinary multilevel psychology that can integrate contextual, historical, and methodological factors.
Moral Ordering
Authors: Latour Melinda
Published: February 2023

Chapter 7 outlines the philosophical implications of the broad impulse toward modal organization displayed by Claude Le Jeune’s Octonaires. Although modal organization of polyphonic music throughout much of the sixteenth-century was generally a post-compositional editorial strategy, Le Jeune’s final polyphonic collections offer compelling evidence of a composer using Glarean’s and Zarlino’s twelve-mode system as a compositional guide. Nourished by the Neostoic interests of Le Jeune’s cross-confessional circle at the heart of Henri IV’s court, the composer’s selection of poetry and organization of the Octonaires signal a therapeutic interest in the universal sympathy at the core of the harmonious Stoic cosmos. Le Jeune’s modal choices further these philosophical concerns, exploring the musical relationships of parts to wholes via a systematic progression through all possible octave species. Modal ordering thus served as a means of moral ordering, performed by the small ensemble of singers and working outward to a harmonious regulation of the civil sphere.
Conclusion: Legacies
Authors: Şahin Kaya
Published: February 2023

Süleyman was keen on creating and circulating specific images about himself. He did so to the end of his life, even when his reputation was tarnished by his decision to have two of his sons executed, his declining health, and stalemates on all fronts. Following his death, authors picked up on two particular threads: his institutional and administrative legacies, and his personality. In the modern period, he has been used for political purposes by nationalist and religious conservatives, while academics took up and advanced the analytical study of his reign. Today, Süleyman is a figure with multiple legacies and images, some more visible than others: an institution-builder; a passionate, heroic ruler and a tragic character; a representative of Sunni Muslim rectitude. His poetry, which he valued tremendously, lost almost all relevance due to cultural and political changes ushered in by modernization, while the buildings he financed continue to populate a wide landscape across southeastern Europe and the Middle East.
Simple Melodic Patterns
Authors: Houlahan Micheál , Tacka Philip
Published: February 2023

This unit addresses features of pitch, the “highness” or “lowness” of musical sounds. It introduces the hand signs for the steps of the scale, solfège syllables, and expression markings found in musical scores. The image of part of the piano keyboard is used to help students learn to identify half steps, whole steps, larger intervals, and accidentals. Sight-reading exercises are offered to reinforce the unit’s concepts.
Simple Rhythm Patterns
Authors: Houlahan Micheál , Tacka Philip
Published: February 2023

This unit addresses basic elements of music related to rhythm. This unit’s objective is to address simple rhythms, half note, quarter, eighth note, and a quarter and eighth note rest
Simple Meter
Authors: Houlahan Micheál , Tacka Philip
Published: February 2023

This unit adds to the student’s knowledge of rhythm. Initially, in rhythmic learning, students kept the beat, and then divided the beat into two sounds on the beat. Here they divide the beat into four even sounds. This is referred to as the second subdivision of the beat. Exercises and assessment forms are included.
The Harmonic Minor Scale
Authors: Houlahan Micheál , Tacka Philip
Published: February 2023

This unit presents the harmonic form of the minor scale. It introduces the use of accidentals. Examples are given in a variety of keys, and assessment tools are included.
“Must Be Heavyset”
Authors: Donovan Ryan
Published: February 2023

Fat shaming on Broadway certainly did not start and end with Dreamgirls. This chapter first surveys the handful of supporting roles available to fat women in Broadway musicals and how the actors cast in these roles navigate the industry’s fat phobia. Broadway typically relegates fat women to playing comic sidekicks or roles associated with food and eating when it casts them at all. The chapter then takes an extended look at the only musical of the new millennium so far to star a fat woman as the romantic lead: Hairspray. It details Hairspray’s casting process, its narrative, and the contradictory nature of its fat-positivity and fat phobia. The chapter concludes by noting the long-term career impacts of playing roles like Effie White and Tracy Turnblad, and how fat phobia and fat suits work together to stigmatize non-conforming bodies.
La Cage aux Folles and Playing Gay
Authors: Donovan Ryan
Published: February 2023

La Cage’s appearance on Broadway at the moment when the gay rights movement shifted from ideologies of liberation to pride was auspicious. The musical’s politics of assimilation were present in both its narrative and its casting. Its recalibration of family values marked a shift in gay representation on Broadway that mirrored the ideological split within contemporary gay politics, which were forever changed by AIDS and the ensuing gay stigma. The paradoxes of gay representation in the early 1980s are the subject of this chapter. An overview of how Broadway musicals staged homosexuality before La Cage opens the chapter and is followed by a historicization of how changes in gay politics primed La Cage to meet its moment. The bulk of the chapter then explores the original production of La Cage’s casting of its gay and drag roles and what that meant for the musical’s politics.
“Keeping It Gay” on The Great White Way
Authors: Donovan Ryan
Published: February 2023

This chapter delves into LGBTQ + representation onstage and off in and since the 1990s on Broadway. The rapid explosion of theatre artists coming out paralleled the increase in representation and opened new frontiers of queerness on and beyond Broadway. This chapter first surveys the sudden expansion of LGBTQ + representation in Broadway musicals during and just after the 1990s in concert with the growing visibility of LGBTQ + rights in the United States. It then examines how Broadway musicals finally began to grapple with AIDS, and how they later practiced a troubling way of addressing it. The chapter then focuses on the coming out of Broadway actors in the 1990s, when to do so still carried a profound risk due to AIDS stigma and still-rampant homophobia. The newfound ability of out actors to be cast at all, coupled with the fact that there were suddenly more queer characters to play was a measure of how things had changed. Finally, the chapter interrogates how Broadway’s body issues complicated its newfound queer-friendliness. Casting musicals became less about assimilating difference than about enforcing a kind of body conformity drawn from gay male body culture. The entanglement of gay male body culture and Broadway musicals found its way onstage, recasting the aesthetics of Broadway bodies in a different light.
Musicals, Physical Difference, and Disability
Authors: Donovan Ryan
Published: February 2023

Musicals use physical difference and disability to make meaning. For decades, Broadway musicals employed disability and difference only in their narratives. While disability is a capacious and sometimes vague descriptor in the offstage world, in the world of musicals it is treated very similarly to physical differences like ugliness and mutilated bodies. The chapter opens with a discussion of the role disability plays in performance, and the labor concerns that result. It then surveys how musicals cast disability and physical difference as metaphors and takes an extended look at how these converge in Shrek (2008) and other shows that use fairy tales as their basis for explaining difference. These kinds of representations contributed to the industry’s disability stigma and onstage exclusion of disabled actors for decades, even as non-disabled actors cripped up to play disabled characters. Covered next are the various manifestations of disability and physical difference that made meaning in performance in Broadway musical revivals after 2010. The chapter concludes by noting Tony Award winner Ali Stroker’s historic series of Broadway firsts. Broadway prefers disability when it stays metaphorical, difference when it’s assimilated into the mainstream by the finale, and both absent by the curtain call. The fact that there are so few examples of embodied disability in the casting of Broadway musicals reveals how disability is a device employed in musicals that enhances the domination of able-bodiedness itself.
Resolutions and Regret upon Going Astray
Authors: Andreou Chrisoula
Published: February 2023

This chapter explores the proper role of resolutions and regret in cases where disorderly preferences breed temptation and threaten to lead to self-defeating patterns of choice. It is now commonly recognized that, in cases involving disorderly preferences, an agent can qualify as giving in to temptation even while acting in accordance with her current evaluative rankings. Intrigued by this possibility, some philosophers have taken up the task of accounting for the rational failure in play in such cases via appeals to resolutions or regret. Yet, the current appeals and some of the verdicts provided face some serious challenges. Building on recent work concerning instrumental rationality, and delving into some important complications concerning human psychology, this chapter revisits the relevant cases of temptation and analyzes them in a way that puts resolutions, rational failure, and regret in their proper places.
Performing Spanish Femininity
Authors: Jordan Daniel David
Published: February 2023

This chapter begins with an introduction to the Sección Femenina, focusing on the years 1934–1953. In particular, it provides an overview of the Sección Femenina’s origins during the Second Republic, its role in the Nationalist Army during the Spanish Civil War, and the Sección Femenina’s education programs during the 1940s and early 1950s. It then introduces the Sección Femenina’s Department of Music, the annual National Competition of Folk Music, and the instructoras’ methods of documenting musical folklore. The second half of this chapter is dedicated to the Department of Music and representations of Francoist gender ideology. Officially, the instructoras’ collective acts of cultural preservation strove to express the Franco regime’s understanding of women as subservient and maternally preoccupied. But some members of the Sección Femenina who transmitted this misogynistic ideology gained a certain kind of empowerment. The chapter demonstrates how this process had several logistical stages. First, instructoras promoted the notion that Spanish folk music was under threat of contamination from foreign popular culture and leftist politics. They then proposed that women’s maternal instincts made them the ideal candidates to safeguard, repair, and salvage the nation’s supposedly ancient folk heritage. Instructoras used the National Competition and song files to invent, authenticate, and codify Spanish female identity according to their own moral, religious, and political values. Finally, the higher-ranking instructoras built careers as teachers and impresarios of song and dance troupes.
Introduction
Authors: Boucher Anna K.
Published: February 2023

The introduction identifies the need for a comparative study of violations against migrants’ workplace rights and provides an overview of the empirical, theoretical, and practical contributions of the book. It also sets out the quantitative basis for a comprehensive, comparative analysis of migrant worker rights. The mixed methodology is outlined. This combines a quantitative analysis of the Migrant Worker Rights Database’s 907 court and tribunal cases with detailed immigration stories of seven key court cases and interviews with associated legal representatives from both sides. It identifies possible explanations and characteristics of migrant worker violations. This introduction also discusses some of the impediments to accessing the legal system that migrants might face, including language barriers, legal rules, funding availability, and fear of deportation. These factors are important insofar as they might affect whether migrants bring cases at all. They therefore operate as “gateway” factors to inclusion in the book’s database.
Conclusion
Authors: Boucher Anna K.
Published: February 2023

In the conclusion, binary logistic regression is used to analyze the main reasons for variation in violation type across the MWRD (criminal, economic, safety, leave, and discrimination claims). The seven main explanatory factors identified in the book are compared: gender, ethnicity, nationality, employment sector, visa status and visa type, enforcement policies, and the role of trade unions or worker centers as representatives. The most important factor that emerges is the national industrial relations system in which migrant litigants are located, followed by the enforcement system and the presence of trade unions when they represent migrants in cases. Factors commonly associated with exploitation of migrants, such as coethnicity of employee and employer, are not explanatory. This finding regarding the importance of industrial relations systems challenges the idea that most similar liberal market economies like Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States are converging toward a singular model. Instead, institutional differences remain important. This finding is an important contribution to comparative industrial relations scholarship. Further, courts are not universally protective of migrant rights as they are sometimes stymied by precedent and statutory rules.
An Introduction to Reclaiming Space
Authors: Schwartz James S. J. , Billings Linda , Nesvold Erika
Published: February 2023

This chapter provides a substantive introduction to and contextualization of the contents of the volume. In addition to describing the methods used to select contributors, it discusses themes of major importance not only in this book, but also in spaceflight culture more generally. These themes include: (1) the need to understand the global impact of space exploration’s colonialist and imperialist history; (2) the need to understand the economic ideologies that underlie American space advocacy; (3) the need to understand how spaceflight’s history and culture have influenced national and international space legislation; and (4) the need to frame and understand debates about spaceflight objectives as ethical debates. Following this, the chapter provides a short summary of each chapter in the volume.
Cold Warrior Magic, Africana Science, and NASA Space Race Religion, Part One
Authors: Davis IV Edward C.
Published: February 2023

“Cold Warrior Magic, Africana Science, and NASA Space Race Religion, Part One” uses anthropological studies of Cold War space exploration to reveal how post–World War II funding launched hegemonies of racial capitalism into the 1950s, putting white men on the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s. In these Covidien times since 1619, billionaires replace government treasuries to finance voyages into the heavens, while Black anthropologists enter discourse on space with Afrofuturist revisions of past pains. Orbiting Silent-Generation anthropologist Laura Nader, this chapter connects new worldviews from contrarian anthropology to moral ethical logic (MEL), developed at the Margaret Walker Center in Mississippi. While the author hoped to launch research into his Melungeon Maroon ancestors from 1619 Angola on par with Walker’s mid-1960s, ground-breaking work Jubilee, a pre-COVID lecture on NASA’s Stennis Space Center at Two Mississippi Museums propelled MEL in a realm of urgent intertextual critical analysis.
Opportunities to Pursue Liberatory, Anticolonial, and Antiracist Designs for Human Societies beyond Earth
Authors: Wood Danielle , Muniyappa Prathima , Reed David Colby
Published: February 2023

“Opportunities to pursue liberatory, anticolonial, and antiracist designs for human societies beyond Earth” explores how adopting intersectional antiracist and feminist methods for design can invite collaborative dialog among space stakeholders and propose new types of relationships to inform decisions about the ways humans shape our space societies. Since the 1400s, human society has grown accustomed to a collaboration between technological evolution, capitalism, and colonization where economic and political entities with a larger share of power coercively exploit resources and labor from entities with less power while degrading the natural environment and the quality of life for the least fortunate. Now humans stand almost grasping the ability to establish business, homes, and societies beyond Earth. What actions can be taken to reject a colonial and extractive foundation for human societies in space? How can these actions also be applied to heal the ongoing harms from rampant consumption and waste on Earth?
Appreciating What’s Beautiful about Space
Authors: Schwartz James S. J.
Published: February 2023

“Appreciating What’s Beautiful about Space” uses a critical perspective to explore spaceflight culture and the appreciation of space exploration in the United States. It argues that appreciating what’s beautiful about space requires learning about the space environment for what it is in itself, for instance through scientific investigation (but also through literary, artistic, and other creative means provided they are focused on depicting the space environment itself, as opposed to depictions of human activities in space). It argues further that we should use the knowledge and experience gained through studying the space environment to craft our own visions for humanity’s future in space. We should not rest content with underdeveloped plans for space expansion crafted by exorbitantly wealthy and powerful owners of major space firms, especially as their plans have been crafted neither in consultation with, nor to advance the interests of, the overwhelming majority of human beings on Earth.
Reclaiming Space
Authors: Denning Kathryn
Published: February 2023

DDB DDDD“Reclaiming Space: On Hope in a Jar, a Bear in the Sky, and the Running Red Queen” provides an anthropologist’s perspective on the overall theme of the Reclaiming Space volume. The chapter describes how “reclaiming space” will be a multigenerational effort, not a moment, requiring persistence and acceleration of efforts toward multilateralism and inclusion for space governance. We live in a time of climate change, ecological grief, and cultural losses, all of which reverberate through our engagements with space and efforts to find new meanings in a rapidly changing sky. If we can think together as citizens of the solar system, as some of us do about challenges of co-existence, stewardship, and future-building on Earth, perhaps the stars can still be our guides.
Occupy Space
Authors: Wells-Jensen Sheri
Published: February 2023

“Occupy Space: Will Disabled People Fly?” discusses barriers to the participation of disabled persons in space missions. Before we can answer whether disabled people will ever be chosen as astronauts, we have to think first about the justifications that have been used to exclude anyone with a disability from even considering a career in space. Traditionally, myths and stereotypes excluded disabled people without discussion. When the conversation moved past that barrier, someone would patiently point out that “sick people” are never allowed to fly, ignoring the reality that being disabled is not the same as being sick. The remaining barrier that stands between would-be disabled astronauts and space is more understandable and much more interesting: a genuine lack of data about what changes (if any) would be necessary to make this possible. This chapter explores these ideas, setting out a way in which that last remaining barrier will be conquered.
Reclaiming Lunar Resources
Authors: Samanga Ruvimbo
Published: February 2023

“Reclaiming Lunar Resources: Paving the Way for an International Property Rights Regime for Outer Space” recognizes the gap in the current space treaty system pertaining to property rights for the use of space resources, and clarifies certain questions of the law, most importantly, “how do States define a legal claim to property rights in outer space?” Humanity is pressing forward to the bounds of the universe. But first, a pitstop on the Moon! As our ability to harness space resources accelerates, we continue to confirm that the Moon has resource potential. Thus, the economic uses of space resources are unavoidable, indeed permissible, but establishing legal claims and transfers in the exercise of such rights remains unclear. Resource utilization will be driven by economic interests to secure property rights in space, therefore reclaiming lunar resources will require creative public policies at the intersection of international space law and international property law.
Reproductive Decisions and Mitochondrial Disease
Authors: Herbrand Cathy
Published: February 2023

Drawing on qualitative research exploring reproductive choices in the context of mitochondrial disorders, this chapter provides insights into the experiences and challenges of having a family and making these choices, insights currently missing from debates on mitochondrial donation and, more broadly, from social science literature. The chapter begins with the multilayered disruptions to their own biographies encountered by women finding themselves as at risk of transmitting mitochondrial disorders. It then explains how the characteristics of the disease make reproductive choices especially challenging. Five major difficulties faced by affected families are examined and illustrated via examples provided by participants. The third part describes how prospective parents showed a strong desire and persistent efforts to have healthy, biologically related children. The fourth part illustrates how, in this context, mitochondrial donation empowers women with respect to mitochondrial disease in the present, but for whom reproductive hopes were oriented toward a further future.
MRT in Australia
Authors: Ludlow Karinne
Published: February 2023

In 2021, the Australian federal government introduced draft legislation that, when enacted, made Australia the second international jurisdiction to expressly legalise clinical mitochondrial replacement therapies (MRT). These changes provide a model for other countries, including attempts to future-proof, rejection of limiting use to male embryos, and identification of mitochondrial DNA donors. The changes needed to address Australia’s out-of-date and splintered regulatory framework around human embryos, including prohibitions on embryos containing genetic material of more than two people. Advocacy by mitochondrial disease community groups, following scientific developments and United Kingdom’s legalisation of clinical MRT, have driven a government traditionally reluctant to engage with issues of embryo research to act. This chapter considers the existing Australian regulatory framework around MRT and what led to its construction before explaining what led to moves to allow clinical MRT. After describing the recent reforms, what this means for the future of MRT and heritable genome editing is then discussed.
The Cathedral of the Future and Young Classicality
Authors: Knyt Erinn E.
Published: February 2023

This chapter documents Busoni’s extensive knowledge of architecture and describes how this knowledge contributed to his development of a metatonal treatment of the musical language in which intersections of independent voices generated new harmonies, scales, and textures. Moreover, it reveals ways Busoni incorporated architectural metaphors into his writings and shows how he used them to inform some of his aesthetic theories, such as Young Classicality. The chapter explains Busoni’s approach not as retrogressive, but as a “historicist modernist” expansion of the diatonic tradition as it builds upon the music of J. S. Bach and W. A. Mozart. It demonstrates ways Busoni realized these ideals and his new metatonal treatment of the musical language in An die Jugend, BV 254, and Fünf kurze Stücke zur Pflege des polyphonen Spiels, BV 296. It is noteworthy that some of the latter pieces were performed at the Bauhaus exhibition in Weimar in 1923.
Introduction
Authors: Tiemeyer Lena-Sofia
Published: February 2023

Jonathan is a conundrum. He is a truly likeable character and yet is consistently pushed to the margins, in favour of more colourful characters of more dubious moral dispositions, such as Saul and David. In fact, some scholars, like Sol Liptzin, would argue that Jonathan is neglected because he lacks depth and darkness. The following monograph sets out to do two things. First, it seeks to remedy the neglect of Jonathan by giving him a whole book where he stands in focus. Second, it aims to demonstrate that Jonathan is a multifaceted character who combines light and darkness.
A Literary Reading
Authors: Tiemeyer Lena-Sofia
Published: February 2023

This chapter advocates a mimetic approach for reading the final form of 1 Sam 13–2 Sam 1. It discusses aspects related to characterisation and emphasises the value of the principle of minimal departure when seeking to understand Jonathan as a coherent character. It further defines reception exegesis and discusses how fiction may serve as a modern type of midrash that not only clarifies and adjusts the plot progression but also provides the characters with motives and emotions. It finally outlines the content of the ensuing book and discusses the criteria behind the choice of modern fiction. The combination of historical-critical exegesis and reception exegesis highlights the inherent polyvalence, ambiguity, and openness of the biblical narrative, and showcases how reception exegesis can help us to appreciate the wide spectrum of what a given biblical text can mean across time and space in different societies at different points in history.
The Loyal Traitor (1 Samuel 23:14–18)
Authors: Tiemeyer Lena-Sofia
Published: February 2023

This chapter explores the portrayal of Jonathan in 1 Sam 23:14–18 and in the selected modern fictional retellings, with focus on the cost of Jonathan’s loyalty to David. It discusses Jonathan’s purpose in meeting David in the wilderness of Ziph and rejects the notion that Jonathan is risking David’s life by showing potential Saulide spies David’s whereabouts. Rather, Jonathan is betraying his father’s trust by conveying military intelligence to David. Jonathan's action, in turn, frustrates Saul’s efforts to capture David. Further, the chapter examines Jonathan’s virtual abdication. Although the text supports a reading whereby Jonathan is assisting David to ensure his own survival, it is likelier that Jonathan knows that his own life, as well as the House of Saul, are forfeit and that the future belongs to David alone.
‘My’ Jonathan
Authors: Tiemeyer Lena-Sofia
Published: February 2023

This chapter synthesises the findings of the book and argues affirmatively that it is possible to forge a cohesive portrayal of Jonathan that (1) includes all the extant biblical references to Jonathan and (2) is allowed within the constraints that the texts themselves postulate. This chapter presents the author’s personal, yet also biblical, retelling of Jonathan. Through an intertextual reading with the writings of Astrid Lindgren and Elie Wiesel, this chapter further explores Jonathan’s trauma of having to realise his father’s willingness to sacrifice him, as well as the additional trauma of being ‘redeemed’ by his father’s soldiers. It ultimately argues that these traumas offer the key to Jonathan’s character, as they transform him into a man willing and able to lay down his life for David. Further, when reading Jonathan through the lens of the New Testament, it is possible to see him as a Christ-like figure.
“Politesse,” Power, and Point of View
Authors: Irvine Judith T.
Published: February 2023

One avenue for exploring a concept such as 𠇄politeness” is to look at it relationally: to investigate contrasts and co-occurrences, and to situate usages in time and place. La Politesse, the essay by Henri Bergson that serves as stimulus for this panel, offers a set of contrasts among different possible senses of the term—different possible definitions of “politeness”—rather than with forms of impoliteness (although those are mentioned too). Which is “true” politeness, for him, and why? After a brief look at Bergson’s three types, there follows a discussion of his audience and his historical moment. Then his three types are compared with discourse in some other times and places, such as: European royal courts and a rising bourgeoisie, rural communities in Senegal, an encounter in early nineteenth-century America, seventeenth-century Quakers, youth movements in the 1960’s. What these cases show is the importance of social positioning and differences in point of view, such that “politeness” is entangled in a clash of values. At issue is the relationship among politeness as conventions of manners, sincerity and truth, and the possibilities of critique and social change.
Bergson’s Intuitive Politeness
Authors: Hanks William F.
Published: February 2023

Bergson’s essay on politeness is a rich exploration of the dispositions animating politeness, the values and ends toward which it is directed and the combination of art, virtue and know-how of which it consists. It also distinguishes several varieties of politeness, of mind, heart, and manners. It makes a bracing contrast to much of the linguistic anthropology of politeness, which has tended to focalize strategy, formal systems, and the indexical fields in which they are deployed. Bergson’s focus on durable dispositions and habits foreshadows the idea of habitus in practice theory, while his emphasis on civility and civilizing anticipate Elias, all the while echoing much earlier European concepts such as sixteenth-century Spanish policía. My paper will think with Bergson to imagine a larger conceptual space for comparative research.
Conclusion
Authors: Schiller Dan
Published: February 2023

The AT&T divestiture of 1982–1984 was followed by a period of epic technological change and industrial reorganization, which only accelerated after the Telecommunications Act of 1996 opened most of the legacy telecommunications market to competition. Taking on staggering debt loads, the leading wireline telecommunication companies built out enormous wireless and internet services, and even ventured into media and entertainment. This expanded their scale and scope, but weakened their financial position, especially with respect to the non-union internet companies—a specialized class of business users—whose applications were usurping some of the carriers’ core service markets. The telecom companies responded, in part, by cutting jobs, especially union jobs. The postal unions, by contrast, supported by public opinion during the Covid crisis, managed to both hold off privatization and even to make significant gains in the face of anti-union managers. Labor relations in the tech industry, however, were becoming increasingly fractious. Internationally, the US networking hegemony faced growing challenges. Rival powers hedged the market freedom of the giant US internet companies. Meanwhile, trying to secure these foundation-stones of US digital capitalism, US policymakers elevated networking issues to the top of their agendas for trade and international organization. Both at home and abroad, the future looked to be as contentious as the past.
Partimento Practice
Authors: Mortensen John J.
Published: February 2023

This chapter provides a large collection of partimenti for practice. Composers represented include Fedele Fenaroli, Francesco Durante, Giacomo Insanguine, Nicola Sala, and Carlo Cotumacci. Readers are to study each partimento, apply the principles of “recognize, realize, stylize,” and play the partimento at the keyboard.
Maps: Historical Snapshots and Digital Rewriting
Authors: Johns Fleur
Published: February 2023

This book’s story of digital humanitarian interfaces and interface effects begins with a focus on maps and mapping. This chapter begins with a brief overview of the practice of humanitarian mapping, presenting snapshots of that practice from the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries. It then tracks this practice into the twenty-first century with the advent of multidimensional, real-time mapping via digital interfaces for humanitarian purposes. As the chapter discusses, recourse to digital technology has frequently been conceived as a way of addressing blind spots and shortcomings of conventional humanitarian maps, not to make mapping more definitive but to make it more responsive, timely, and customizable. The ramifications of humanitarian mapping’s digitization are, however, far more ambivalent than such aspirations suggest. Through the juxtaposition and comparison of snapshots of humanitarian mapping, this chapter introduces a structural dynamic that is crucial to the book as a whole—the dissensus between analog and digital logics animating digital humanitarianism—and shows the differences that this dissensus makes in reshaping the humanitarian episteme.
We the Mediated People
Authors: Braver Joshua
Published: February 2023

The “people” are the ultimate source of authority for a constitution. But who are the people? The danger is that populist leaders will define the people as one segment of the population that is unbound by law to create a new constitution that centralizes power in the leader’s hands. This book examines how and how not to violate law to construct an inclusive people so they may realize their freedom to break with the past but still stave off the establishment of semi-authoritarian constitutions. Through the “extraordinary adaptation” of old institutions, the people and its constitutional convention may include all parties. Rather than taking the populist route of destroying old institutions and opening a legal void, in extraordinary adaptation, the revolutionary party wins elections and then repurposes the old regime’s institutions by bending, reinterpreting, and even breaking their rules. This partial legal continuity facilitates the participation of old parties that continue to hold some power in the previous constitution’s institutions. The adaptation must be principled: the revolutionary must first exhaust all legal channels, openly acknowledge the violation to seek popular vindication, and concede enough to the opposition so that it may begrudgingly acquiesce to the new constitution. The book develops the theories of constitution-making by examining all four instances of popular constitution-making in contemporary South America. It shows how populist leaders in Venezuela and Ecuador established semi-authoritarian constitutions through lawless constitution-making while Colombia and Bolivia managed to avoid the same fate by engaging in extraordinary adaptation.
The Lawless Unity of the People
Authors: Braver Joshua
Published: February 2023

Chapter One lays out the debate between “legalist” opponents and “radical” proponents of the people. Despite their disagreement over whether it is wise or reckless to invoke the people, they both agree on its definition as a lawless unity. I argue that neither side’s theories are capable of both preserving the people’s freedom to break from the past and guarding against excessive centralizations of power in revolutionary governments. This agreement has obscured our ability to develop an alternative conception of the constituent power that engages with law in odd and peculiar ways to construct a plural people, a people that includes all citizens.
Extraordinary Adaptation
Authors: Braver Joshua
Published: February 2023

In Chapter Two, I explain the theory and three principles of legal engagement that I call extraordinary adaptation. Drawing on and critiquing the work of Hannah Arendt and Bruce Ackerman and with reference to the creation of the U.S. Constitution, I define extraordinary adaptation as the repurposing, bending, and reinterpreting of legal rules and institutions. The violation creates the space to initiate the creation of a new constitution, but the continuity promotes the inclusion of all parties. The adaptation must be principled: the adapter must exhaust all other legal channels, openly acknowledge violations to seek popular vindication, and include the opposition enough so that it may begrudgingly acquiesce to the new constitution. These three principles—legal exhaustion, popular vindication, and inclusion—compensate for and set out boundaries for how and when to violate the law in popular constitution-making.
Managing Infertility
Authors: Moussa Hadiza , Kang Alice J. , Cooper Barbara M. , Kammerer Natalie
Published: February 2023

This chapter explores the multitude of practices women and families engage in to protect against and counter the problem of infertility. Traditional practices and popular healing techniques, which often have a preventative focus, are of greater significance in this domain than the formal medical services in Niger. Taboos on contact with particular settings, objects, and substances associated with spirits or the jealousy of others protect women and newborns. Muslim specialists are called upon to treat possible infertility through the use of holy water, amulets, and blessings, as well as various natural substances. Healers, both local and regional, may be called upon to perform rituals to call upon spirits for protection or cure. Infertility can be countered socially through polygamy, the fostering of children, divorce and remarriage to a more fertile partner, and adultery.