bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of the combination of NAA and BA on callus induction from hypocotyl explants in black cumin (Nigella sativa L.)
Authors: Pramono Putro Aji , Harijati Nunung , Widoretno Wahyu
Published: May 2021

Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds contain the main bioactive compound thymoquinone, which is beneficial for health. Callus cell culture techniques are an alternative method for the production of plant bioactive compounds. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a method for producing callus in vitro. This study evaluated the effect of a combination of NAA and BA growth regulators on MS medium on in vitro callus induction using black cumin hypocotyl explants. There were two variables used in the nature of the study: NAA (1 and 2 mg/L) and BA (1, 1,5, 2, 5 and 3 mg/L). All hypocotyl explants were able to induce callus on all medium used. The callus appeared between 8-11 days. A combination of NAA and BA influenced black cumin hypocotyl callus formation and development. With NAA 1 mg/L added and BA 1.5 mg/L added, MS medium was able to induce best hypocotyl explants to shape and develop callus with an average callus weight of 0.262 g/Explant. However, the time of callus emergence was not significantly affected by the combination of NAA and BA growth regulators.
Institutional transformation of cattle farmer association in Kebumen to increase their competitiveness in Indonesia
Authors: Komalawati  , Sudrajad P , Hermawan A , Subiharta
Published: May 2021

Ongole Grade Cattle (PO) in Kebumen has unique characteristics compared to other PO cattle in other regions. Therefore, it has given more benefits to farmers in Kebumen. To maintain its existence, since 2010, Central Java Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology and local Government in Kebumen have assisted and encouraged cattle farmers to develop an association that will focus on breeding. After three periods, the problems have arisen related to its sustainability and competitiveness in the cattle market in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to formulate a strategy that could solve the problems of the association. This study used primary data obtained from the Focus Group Discussion and in-depth interview. Respondents were purposively selected from the Agricultural Office, extension workers, and other related agencies, as well as the association. Data were analyzed using SWOT analysis. The results show that the first strategy for the association to increase their sustainability and competitiveness is through institutional transformation. The association needs to be managed professionally, market, and benefit-oriented. Therefore, assistance from related agencies is a necessity. By transforming their institution, it is expected that it could increase the competitiveness of PO Cattle from Kebumen in the Indonesian cattle market, maintain the existence of Kebumen’s PO Cattle, as well as increase the income of cattle farmers.
Antioxidant activities of cocoa bean shell from North Luwu and Gunungkidul as an active compound of packaging material
Authors: Utami R R , Jamilah  , Wahyudi R , Tangkin W P , Thamrin I , Amalia A N , Indriana D , Rosniati  , Yumas M , Assa A , Ariyanti M
Published: May 2021

The development of the cocoa processing industry must balance with the handling of cocoa bean shell waste. Cocoa bean shell is by product from cocoa processing industry. Active compounds of cocoa bean shell show antioxidant activity as antimicrobial. Based on this information, the cocoa bean shell has the potential to be used as an active compound in the packaging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of cocoa bean shell extract from North Luwu and Gunungkidul. Both regions had differences in cocoa bean processing and it may affect the antioxidant activity. The extraction of an active compounds was carried out by preparation of cocoa bean shell powder, defatted with hexane, then extracting active compounds with 70% ethanol. The analysis of cocoa bean shell powder including proximate and color analysis. The cocoa bean shell extract analysis including antioxidant activity of Radical Scavenging Activity (RSA) DPPH, total phenolic, total flavonoid, FTIR, and total dissolved solids. The result show that North Luwu cocoa bean shell extract has a higher active compound content than Gunungkidul, and this is reflected in RSA DPPH.
Effectiveness of plant growth promoting microrganisms as biofertilizer for soybeans under oil palm plantations on tidal land
Authors: Suryantini  , Rahmiana A.A.
Published: May 2021

A research to study the effectiveness of biofertilizers on nodulation, growth and productivity of soybean was carried out at two locations on type D tidal lands in South Kalimantan, using a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments tested were N-fixing bacteria Rhizobium japonicum, P solubilizing bacteria (PSB) Pseudomonas sp and mycorrhiza biofertilizers, combined with inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers in the form of Urea and SP36 with low (25:25), moderate (50:50) and high (100:100) kg/ha doses. At the first location, the highest seed yield (2.04 t ha) was obtained in the rhizobium + PSB treatment combined with moderate dose of Urea and SP36 (50:50). This yield was 34% increase compared to seed yield at the same fertilizer rate without any biofertilizer. The same response was also obtained in second location where the soil was more acidic. The highest seed yield (1.9 t/ha) was obtained in the rhizobium + PSB treatment with a moderate dose of N and P fertilizer (50:50). This treatment resulted in 70% yield increase compared to that obtained by the treatment of the same fertilizer rate without bio fertilizer. In treatment of rhizobium + PSB + mycorrhiza, the seeds yield obtained were not different from the rhizobium + PSB treatment. This yield increase was supported by increasing the number and weight of root nodules, leaf chlorophyll index, weight of 100 seeds, and the number of filled pods per plant. This shows that the tested biofertilizers was effective on tidal land, and was able to increase soybean productivity.
Soybean pest control in tidal swamp, South Kalimantan
Authors: Indiati S W , M Santi YEB , Yusmani
Published: May 2021

Pest is one of the problems in soybean development area on tidal swamp. Every year, pest attacks cause 15-20% soybean production lost. The study was conducted within oil palm plants, on tidal swamp, Barito Kuala, Southern Kalimantan, in the dry season of 2016. The research was arranged in a randomized block design each treatment was replicated 6 times nested within treatment. Treatment consists of: 1. Untreated plot, 2. Bioinsecticides (Mixed SBM 50 g/l + SlNPV 2 g/l) based on monitoring (4x), 3. Bioinsecticides (Mixed SBM 50 g/l + S/NPV 2 g/l) weekly (6x), 4. Chemical insecticides based on monitoring (4x). The results showed that the pests found were Spodoptera litura, Plusia calsites, Lamprosema indicata, Riptortus linearis, Nezara viridula and Etiella zinckenella. All of them with low population numbers. But at 65 days after planting (DAP), population of S. litura was very high and caused plant damage up to 80%. Monitoring based bioinsecticides and weekly bioinsecticides application effectively suppressed low population and plant damage than chemical treatment based on monitoring. Soybean productivity achieved were 1.623 t/ha; 1.8 t/ha and 1.725 t/ha by monitoring based bioinsecticides, weekly bioinsecticides and chemical control based on monitoring respectively
Species distribution models for two subspecies of Dodonaea viscosa (Sapindaceae) in Indonesia
Authors: Priyadi Arief
Published: May 2021

Maxent is one of the most popular software for Species Distribution Modelling because of its versatility and robustness, requires only species occurrence data and some environmental layers. The availability of default setting adds the usability, not surprisingly most reports were resulted from this option. However, cautions should be taken when modelling based on presence-only data; might be unavailable in default. This work aimed to test if running in personalized settings could result in better models. Here I run Maxent using data of Dodonaea viscosa subspecies angustifolia and D. viscosa subsp. viscosa (Sapindaceae) from GBIF and BIOCLIM for environmental layers, covering the Indonesian archipelago. The former subsp. is upland whereas the latter is coastal plant. Six models were built for each subsp. and their performance were further evaluated based on area under the ROC curve (AUC), prevalence, pixel counts of suitable area and visual observation of the final maps. Results showed all models of subsp. angustifolia were better compared to those of subsp. viscosa; proper measures applied before and during building might improve model performance. This work shows that Maxent may be more powerful when operated beyond its default setting. Users should be encouraged to experiment with more parameter values to produce the best model.
Biflavonoid compounds from Selaginella doederleinii Hieron as anticancer agents of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer based on in silico study
Authors: Pinanti H N , Nafisah W , Christina Y I , Rifa’i M , Widodo  , Djati M S
Published: May 2021

Selaginella doederleiniiHieron is a wild plant that has long been used as a traditional anticancer drug in Indonesia. The majority of its anticancer activity comes from biflavonoids. However, the potency of the biflavonoids as anticancer agents for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer, the most common type of cancer in Indonesia has never been identified. This study determined the potential of the biflavonoids to block ERα and CDK6 via molecular docking and identified the interactions of the two proteins with other oncogenic proteins via protein interaction network analysis. The results showed that 3’,3’’’-binaringenin, Hinokiflavone, and 2,3-dyhidrohinokiflavone were the most potent compounds as ERα inhibitor. Hinokiflavone and Amentoflavone were the two best compounds that could inhibit CDK6 according to their high binding affinity. The presence of amino acid residues is vital in the binding process and the significant similarity with commercial drugs. ERα could interact with NCOA1, NCOA2, PELP1, CCND1, and AKT1, whereas CDK6 interacted directly with CCND1, CCND2, and CCND3. The upregulation of these proteins relates to the increase in cancer proliferation. These data indicated that the biflavonoids had a promising anticancer effect on HR+ breast cancer based on in silico studies. Additional researches are needed to validate the results.
The importance of soil biodiversity for sustaining the development of sisal in Sumbawa and Sumba with special reference to soil-borne pathogens
Authors: Yulianti T
Published: May 2021

Sisal (Agave sisalana) is a good source of natural fiber for various purposes, e.g. handicrafts, doormats, boat ropes, wrappers, pulp, carpets, geotextiles, etc. Sisal is now being developed in some part of Sumbawa and Sumba islands due to its ability to grow at drought conditions and arid-semiarid regions. Most of the areas were originally grassland with shrub spots that have never been disturbed. Intensive planting Sisal under monoculture system for long period could alter the balance of soil biodiversity which lead to an emergence of a disease(s), particularly soil borne diseases. Recently, there are two distinct diseases (bole rot and zebra diseases) occurred in the areas indicating that soil health is under stress. Successful sisal sustainable development in these areas needs good agricultural practices with special attention to the management of biodiversity. Since soil biodiversity has an important role in stabilizing stress and disturbance. This paper discusses how to sustain Sisal development in Sumbawa and Sumba, including: good management sisal residues, intercropping, and environmentally friendly pest and disease control.
Distribution of bacterial wilt disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) on tobacco in Temanggung
Authors: Wijayanti K S , Hidayah N , Yulianti T , Supriyono  , Djajadi  , Andika Y
Published: May 2021

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of major diseases on tobacco worldwide. This research aimed to determine the distribution of bacterial wilt disease on tobacco plantation in Temanggung District, Central Java. Observation of the incidence of bacterial wilt disease was carried out on 53 sampling areas determined based on land system. The observation was conducted on two-month old tobacco in the field. At the same time, soil samples were collected for detection of bacterial population. The last activity was carried out three different times i.e. before, when, and after tobacco planting in the field. The results revealed that the incidence of bacterial wilt diseases ranged from 0-28% which means that the distribution of bacterial wilt across tobacco plantation was categorized from very low to moderate. The highest incidence of bacterial wilt was found in sampling point 23 located in Tegalurung, Bulu. We also found zero incidence of bacterial wilt in thirteen locations. The population of bacteria was determined in 11 sampling locations which are generally known as “lahan lincat”. The results showed that the highest population was reached at after planting time followed by when and before planting, they were 3.67-80.67×104, 0-10.67 ×104 and 0-1 ×104 cfu/g soil, respectively.
Growth performance of ICCRI 06 H cocoa seedling in response to different microclimate and soil moisture conditions
Authors: Fuadati Ayu Zahrotul , Prastowo E , Munawarti A
Published: May 2021

Climate and environmental factors play an important role for cocoa (Theobroma cacaoL.) optimal growth and production. This study aims to evaluate growth performance and stomatal characteristics of cocoa seedling in response to microclimate, i.e. temperature, relative humidity, light intensity and soil moisture condition. The cacao variety of ICCRI 06 H was used for greenhouse experiment arranged by a completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was evapotranspiration (ETa) i.e. ETa-1 100% (control), ETa-2 50% (moderate stress), and ETa-3 25% (severe stress). The second factor was microclimate condition defined by its location in the greenhouse, i.e. inside the glass box (IB) and outside the glass box (OB). IB microclimate conditions were modified through the installation of 50-Watt LED artificial lamps. Our seven weeks observations demonstrated the specific microclimate condition created both in IB and OB. An insignificant effect of different soil moisture level to cocoa seedling growth was evidenced. Conversely, microclimate condition shows a significant effects especially the plant height and stem diameter. The multiple regression analysis suggests the presence of connection between microclimate and crop growth, i.e. plant height, stem diameter, and number of young cocoa leaves in IB. The stomatal characteristics indicate the more stressed condition created outside the box.
Community structure of arthropods on the sea of sand at Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park
Authors: Priambodo Bagus , Septiani Y. , Yanuwiadi B
Published: May 2021

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) is the only conservation area in Indonesia that is unique with 5.25 ha of sea sand. A unique area usually presents specific organism within it. Such as Imperata cylindrical, it is one of the reeds that well-growth in the sea sand of TNBTS. Meanwhile, research on arthropods in a particular sea of sand habitats has never been done specifically in Indonesia. Thus, encouraging the authors to determine the differences of arthropods community structure between densely vegetated (I. cylindrical) area and non-vegetated area in the Sea of Sand at TNBTS. Pitfall-trap and funnel berlese were performed with 20 repetitions, respectively. Community structure analyses were identified using Diversity Index (H’), Importance Value Index (IVI), and Bray-Curtis Index. Results showed that the IVI score in the vegetated area is 129 and dominated by Formicidae, while non-vegetated areas present 144 scores and dominated by Aphididae. The diversity index (H’) at the location with vegetation is higher than the location without vegetation. However, both locations showed a low diversity level. Bray-Curtis index shows an unsimilarity between two locations, indicated by 0.1 scores. This finding reveals that the arthropods community structure in the sea of sand between the vegetated area and non-vegetated area is different.
Effect of sonification in the alkalization process of coconut fiber to improve fiber strength
Authors: Istiroyah  , Ragil S M B , Ghufron M
Published: May 2021

Coconut coir fiber is a natural fiber obtained from the coconut mesocarp, where in Indonesia, its utilization is still not optimal. The use of fiber as a functional material in the structural and filter requires optimal characteristics and related to lignocellulose content and modification of the fiber’s surface structure. One method of fiber modification that is mostly used is the alkalization process using NaOH solution, which aims to degrade lignin, which is rigid and brittle. This paper will discuss the effect of ultrasonic wave exposure (sonication) on alkalizing the fiber using a low concentration NaOH solution. The variation of the concentrations of NaOH solution used was 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9% with ultrasonic wave exposure for 30 minutes at temperatures of 50, 60, and 70°C. The mechanical strength of the fiber was characterized using a Thwing-Albert Testing Machine. The measurement results show that the maximum mechanical strength values obtained in the alkalization treatment for 30 minutes with a concentration of 5% NaOH solution at a temperature of 70°C is 295.13 MPa. This tensile strength increased by 68.33% compared to the untreated sample of 175.33 MPa. The strain obtained in this sample was 31.86% of the initial fiber length.
Idiotypes and consumer preferences of kenari seeds (Canarium indicum) in Ternate Island based on agronomy character
Authors: Sundari  , Tolangara AR , Yusnaini  , Masúd A
Published: May 2021

North Maluku is one of the Kenari (Canarium indicum) hotspots in Indonesia. On the Makean island this plant is abundantly spread as a forest plant. Kenari productivity on the Makean island is in the high category. The main crop of this plant is kenari seeds which are used by the community as a mixture of cakes and air guraka, halua and walnuts. There are several agronomic variations of kenari seeds that are sold on the Ternate city market. This study aims to analyze the idiotype and the level of consumer preferences for kenari seeds on the Ternate island. Descriptive survey research was conducted to collect data. This research was conducted in Maret until June 2020. The instruments used were questionnaire and interview guides. Respondents from 80 people consisting traders, garden owners, and consumers (housewives, students, public servants and entrepreneurs). People on the Ternate island have a tendency to choose fruit characters: whole fruit (fresh); Size: medium to large (at least 25 g); Shape: short-oval to round. Characteristics of kenari seeds (dried bottom): Size: medium to large (at least 10 g); Short-oval to round shape; % beans filled: at least 90%. Skin character (dry base): Thickness: moderate to thin thickness (no more than 4.00 mm). Content/kernel character (dry base): Size (including testa): medium to large (at least 2.5 g); White color. Idiotypes and preferences of seed consumers can be used as preliminary data for SNI standard superior kenari seed breeding programs.
The optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of antioxidant compounds from butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) by using response surface methodology
Authors: Izza N , Tristantini D
Published: May 2021

Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L) contains many phytochemical compounds that are beneficial to human health, one of which is incorporated in the group of phenolic compounds. Generally, the extraction process of an organic compound requires heat and takes a relatively long time. Therefore, the application of the ultrasonic method for the extraction of butterfly pea flower is studied. This study aims to obtain the best-operating conditions in the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of the phenolic compound of the butterfly pea flower. The optimization of operating conditions during the extraction process was performed by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with the application of Design Expert 10 software. The results of the optimum operating conditions are 62,063 ml/g of solvent and flower ratio, 60% ultrasonic power output, and 15 minutes of extraction time. These operating conditions result in 55.834 ml of extract, 0.874 mg/ml of total phenolic content (TPC), and 10.42 mg/l of total anthocyanins (TA).
The productivity estimation of female swamp buffalo population with different ages group in district Lumajang, East Java
Authors: Budiarto A , Hakim L , Ciptadi G , Nasich M , Putri A R I , Karima N K , Prasetyo Y D A
Published: May 2021

Proper reproductive regulation could improve the level of productivity of livestock both in terms of production and reproduction. Swamp buffalo in Indonesia, especially in East Java, faces a severe problem, related to the sharp decline in population from year to year by 3%. However, buffaloes’ role is still sufficiently taken into account in the provision of employment in the fields of animal agriculture and national meat supply. This research aims to analyze the female productive age group swamp of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in district Lumajang. The research material was 154 buffalo farmer breeders with a total of 99 adult female buffaloes. This research method is the survey method, the data obtained, tabulated on average, deviation standard, and then analyzed descriptively. Variable observed structure different ages group, Service per Conception (S/C); Conception Rate (CR); Days Open. The results showed that the buffalo reproduction performance in district Lumajang was a total population of 99 adult females (60.74%) as many as 89 (89.9%) were of productive age average service per conception (2.68±0.89) times, NRR (9.99± 0.41) %. Length of pregnancy 10,57 ± 0,07 month, days open 3,82 ± 0.35 month, calving interval 16.39 + 0.42 month, conception rate (19.6±0.30) %. It was concluded that the reproductive performance of female productive swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in district Lumajang is potential for swamp buffalo breeding
Dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen through a combination of electrolysis and photocatalyst
Authors: Engge Y , Maulana F , Nurhuda M , Istiroyah
Published: May 2021

Hydrogen from water is an alternative energy source that can replace fossil fuels and is environmentally friendly. Various methods have been developed in producing hydrogen from water, including the process of photocatalysis and electrolysis. Photocatalysis is a water splitting event to produce hydrogen from water that utilizes photon energy. Most photocatalyst materials are made of semiconductor material because they have an energy gap that allows them to produce electron-holes if they are subjected to photon energy from a particular source that causes a water splitting event. Water electrolysis is the decomposition of water compounds (H2O) into oxygen gas (O2) and hydrogen gas (H2) by using an electric current through the water. Some of the obstacles of the two methods above are 1) photocatalysis: most of the photocatalyst materials that have been developed to date only work efficiently in the ultra violet light range and the amount of hydrogen production has not been maximized, 2) electrolysis: to produce hydrogen on a large scale, requires electricity in large quantities as a trigger for a reaction, so it requires high production costs. In this paper, through a literature review, a method of separating hydrogen and oxygen from water through a photocatalysis process that utilizes the energy of photons from visible light is combined with the electrolysis process to increase hydrogen production with a fairly small current.
Identification and population density of several raptor types in the RPTN Coban Trisula and Jabung Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park
Authors: Ningtyas A N , Susilo T S S D , Aryanti N A , Prasetya K N
Published: May 2021

Raptor or bird of prey is a top predator in the food chain. The important role of raptor as a counterweight and indicator of ecosystem health in forest areas. Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) is habitat for several types of raptor. The aim of this study to identify the raptor species which is found in RPTN Jabung and RPTN Coban Trisula TNBTS. This research was conducted in September - November 2019. Identifying raptor species and individuals was carried out using the cooperative point count method. Data analysis was performed by calculating population densities and abundance values based on encounters with raptor species. The results of identification raptor in RPTN Jabung is showed 8 types of raptors with 94 individuals and in RPTN Coban Trisula is showed 8 types of raptors with 20 individuals. The highest value of raptor population density in RPTN Jabung is Tachyspiza soloensis species with density values 43.18 individual/Ha. Species that often appear is Nisaetus bartelsi with an abundance of category 3 (often appear). The highest population density value in RPTN Coban Trisula is Ictinaetus malayensis and Spilornis cheela with density values 2.85 individual / Ha. The species that often arises is Ictinaetus malayensis with an abundance of category 2 (uncommon).
Evaluation of riparian vegetation diversity as a tuntong laut (Batagur borneoensis) habitat in River Tamiang, Aceh Tamiang, Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Saputra S , Arisoesilaningsih E , Kurniawan N , Retnaningdyah C
Published: May 2021

This study evaluated the diversity of riparian vegetation as a habitat of tuntong laut (B. borneoensis) along the Tamiang River and Iyu River Aceh Tamiang, Aceh Province, Indonesia. This study was descriptive exploratory research using the Ex-Post Facto method. Five location sampling were determined by selected sampling. Observation of mangrove vegetation included the seedlings, saplings, and trees were done at each location with three replications by made sample plots (2x2 m for seedlings, 5x5 m for saplings, and 10x10 m for trees). The research results showed that total species of seedlings were 14 species, saplings 18 species, and trees seven species. The highest diversity index value (H`) of seedlings, saplings, and trees were 1.56, 2.52, and 1.44, respectively, which included in the low category and indicated the degraded of riparian vegetation in all of sampling location.
Red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) as feed biosupplement on performance of fattening rabbits
Authors: Prastiya R A , Yusuf AM
Published: May 2021

Peels of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) as an agricultural by-product contain antioxidants and nutrients that can be used as one of the raw materials for animal feed. This study aims to determine the effect of various concentrations of peels of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) as feed biosupplement on the performance of fattening rabbits. 20 rabbits were placed in individual cages and adapted to basal feed. They were fed with addition of the supplement concentration at 0% (DP0), 7% (DP7), 8% (DP8), and 9% (DP9) respectively for four weeks. Data were collected during the first, second, third and fourth weeks (including twenty-eight days) in the form of feed consumption, feed conversion, and weight gain. Data were subsequently analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a 5% significance level. The results indicated the significance between the control treatment (DFP0%) and other treatments. The treatment with the addition of 9% biosupplement of the dragon fruit peel showed the highest performance improvement, with a mean value of feed consumption of 165.95 grams/day, mean of feed conversion of 3.61 and weight gain of 703.29 grams. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the addition of fermented dragon fruit peel into the Rex rabbit feed can improve several aspects of rabbit performance.
Biosurfactant production and diesel-fuel removal by isolated bacteria from Kalimas Estuary, Madura Strait
Authors: Mustafa I , Oktaviani L T
Published: May 2021

This experiment was done to evaluate isolated bacteria in the production of biosurfactant and biodegradation of diesel-fuel. Diesel-fuel degrading bacteria were isolated from Kalimas Estuary, Surabaya using three-stage enrichment culture in Bushnell Haas Mineral Salts medium with 1% diesel fuel. Purified isolates were subjected to both oil-displacement and E24-emulsification tests to assess the high activity of produced biosurfactant. Selected isolates were next used in biodegradation analysis of diesel-fuel using a gravimetric total petroleum hydrocarbon test. The potential isolates were identified based on their 16S rDNA sequences. Twenty-eight purified isolates were obtained from the water samples and confirmed as gram-negative hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. Among them, isolate K8 demonstrated the widest diameter on diesel-fuel displacement test by 3.5 cm of oil-free zone. It was also superior in emulsifying diesel-fuel with 9.4% of E24 index. Isolate K8 was capable of degrading 57% of 1 mL of diesel fuel within 14-day incubation. The isolate was potential in both producing biosurfactant and degrading diesel fuel. Isolate K8 was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 99.74% sequence similarity.
Coffee: ethnobotany, tourism and biodiversity conservation in East Java
Authors: Hakim L
Published: May 2021

Recent growth of third wave coffee movement provides opportunities for small holders coffee farmer and biodiversity conservation programs. The link of coffee consumption and biodiversity comes from several aspects, ranging from sustainable coffee farming to the development of rural tourism in coffee sites production. This paper will explore the ethnobotanical aspect of coffee, in which it is rarely described but crucial in the development of coffee in thirds wave coffee era. Secondly, this paper discuss the models of coffee involvement in tourism sectors. Thirdly, this paper describes the contribution of coffee cultivation under agroforestry approach to support biodiversity conservation. This paper shows that coffee rich in term of ethnobotanical aspects, ranging from cultivation to consumption. These aspects are crucial for the future development of coffee produced by smallholders farmers, especially for tourism development in thirds wave coffee era. Recent growth of café and coffee lovers become the crucial point to develop coffee farm tourism. This form of traveling is especially important to educate people about sustainable agricultural farming system, especially in coffee production. Coffee cultivations through agroforestry system represent the sustainable coffee culture cultivation. Coffee agroforestry systems provides opportunities as habitat for numerous small mammal, birds and insects. Coffee agroforestry therefore crucial to support biodiversity conservation. This paper present argument that linking ethnobotany, tourism and biodiversity conservation are the key to the future of sustainable coffee cultivation in East Java. This is especially important to support environmental conservation and smallholder farmers prosperity
Antibacterial activities of Etlingera flexuosa AD Poulsen (Zingiberaceae) from Central Sulawesi on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Authors: Pitopang R , Udayana R A D S , Pratiwi A D , Ananda M , Harso W , Ramawangsa P A
Published: May 2021

E. flexuosa which is endemic from Sulawesi is widely used by the local people for a lot of cultural activities. E. flexuosa fruit become the essential source to enhance the taste of fish dishes. The rhizome becomes a remedy to treat diarrhoea. This research aims to identify the antibacterial properties of E. flexuosa rhizome extract to two pathogen bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. E.flexuosa sample were collected from Lore Lindu National Park, Indonesia. To detect the antibacterial activity, agar well diffusion was performed. The result showed that the extract of E. flexuose rhizome has antibacterial properties to inhibit the grow of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherchia coli because of the secondary metabolites, such as flavonoid, tannin, saponin, terpenoid and alkaloid
Potency of Cyperus rotundus bioactive compound against anti-apoptotic protein: an in silico approach
Authors: Nafisah W , Pinanti H N , Christina Y I , Soewondo A , Widodo  , Rifa’i M , Djati M S
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to analyze the potency of Cyperus rotundus bioactive compounds to inhibit the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl by in silico approach. Ten bioactive compounds were used in this study, such as apigenin, aureusidin, cyperol, cyperusol A1, cyperusol B2, cyperusol D, luteolin, methyltartonic, quercetin, and scaberin. The 3D structure of ligands and protein was retrieved from PubChem and Protein Data Bank (www.rscb.org). The molecular docking analysis was done by AutoDock Vina in PyRx v.0.8. The results showed that the lowest binding affinity against bcl-2 was obatoclax as control ligand and followed by scaberin, aureusidin, luteolin, apigenin, and quercetin with binding affinity score - 7.4, -7, -6.9, -6.9, and -6.8 kcal/mol, respectively. Those ligands also found have the best binding affinity against Bcl-xl where apigenin, luteolin, and quercetin were -8 kcal/mol and lower than the binding affinity of obatoclax, aureusidin, and scaberin (-7.8, -7.8, and -7.3 kcal/mol, respectively). Based on the prediction of cytotoxic potential of drug-like compounds using Pass program showed the best cytotoxic activity of obatoclax against HT-29 cell line (pa>0.6), apigenin against Hs 683 (pa>0.5), luteolin against Hs 683 (pa>0.5), and quercetin against CWR22R (pa>0.5). In conclusion, the bioactive compounds of Cyperus rotundus exhibited a potential anti-cancer activity through the inhibition of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. Further study needs to justify the anti-cancer mechanism of Cyperus rotundus extract.
Diversity and the potency of indigenous bacteria in dengen fruit (Dillenia serrata), passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), and pineapple fruit (Ananas sp.) of South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Tenriawaru E P , Suharjono  , Ardyati T , Zubaidah E
Published: May 2021

Fruit plays the important role in plant conservation, public health, and welfare. The fruit is used by society as foodstuff, drinks, and condiments. The objectives of this study were to analyze the nutritional content in some fruits originated in South Sulawesi (dengen fruit, passion fruit, and pineapple fruit), to observe the metagenomic diversity and the correlation among nutritional content and alpha diversity, the potency of indigenous bacteria contains in the fruits. These fruits have historical and commercial value. Furthermore, dengen and pineapple are endemic fruits and almost extinct. Ripe fruit samples were obtained from public plantations in Luwu Raya, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The indigenous bacteria in some fruits were observed by prepare each fruit juice. Each fruit juice was filtered using filter paper followed by nitrocellulose membranes pore of 0.45 and 0.20 μm respectively. Each fruit juice measured for its acidity degree using a pH meter and the nutritional contents using the titration methods. The chromosomal DNA of bacterial cells had extracted by FastDNA Spin Kit (MPBIO), and partial of 16S rDNA amplified with 341f-806r primers, and it analyzed by Illumina platform. The sequence of 16S rDNA was analyzed by MUSCLE v.3.8.31, QIIME v.1.7.0, R v.2.15.3, and SPSS v.20 software. The results showed that pineapple fruit has the highest sugar, reducing sugar, starch, and amylose content, while dengen fruit has the highest vitamin C content. The combination of sugars and vitamin C content may influence the dominant microbial genera. Dengen fruit was dominated by Phylum Proteobacteria and it dominated by Genus of Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, and Komagataeibacter. Passion fruit and pineapple fruit were dominated by Phylum Firmicutes and Genus of Weissella. Genus of Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, and Komagataeibacter able to produce acetic acid, while Weissella is known as a lactic acid producer.
Evaluation of water quality using plankton diversity in Sumber Maron River District Gondanglegi Kulon East Java-Malang, Indonesia
Authors: Tawati F , Risjani Y , Djati M S , Leksono A S , Yanuwiadi B
Published: May 2021

The diversity of species in the ecosystem is directly related to abundance or adaptation, and the presence of plankton in the ecosystem is useful for assessing the state of pollution. An assessment of phytoplankton and zooplankton has been carried out at nine sites of the Sumber Maron River, which will help to understand the biodiversity indicators of the river water. Sediment Samples were taken from the lower river and placed in plastic bags with a volume of about one kg, during the rainy and dry season of 2016, phytoplankton diversity was observed in 13 Genus while the diversity of zooplankton included 10 Genus. Thus the present study gives an indication of the diversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton which can be useful as data to determine the status of water quality of the Sumber Maron River
The study of spectral uv-vis on coconut water as flour solvent of soybean, black rice and red rice
Authors: Rahmawati K , Kristanti N D , Sandriakana  , Sumitro S B , Widyarti S
Published: May 2021

Coconut water (CW) is a nutritious drink containing highly complex components. Therefore, CW has an interesting unique physicochemical nature to investigate. This study aims to know the UV-Vis spectra of CW as flour solvent of soybean, black rice, and red rice. Each flour was homogenized with ratio of 1:10 (w/v) in fresh CW (f-CW) or heated-CW at 50°C (h-CW). The homogenized flour was centrifuged at 4500 rpm, 4°C, for 5 minutes. The supernatant was analyzed based on UV-vis spectra, pH, and turbidity. Flour that dissolved in CW shows peaks only in the UV spectrum, whereas the flour dissolved in water shows peaks in the UV-vis spectrum. Generally, flour component more dissolves in the CW than in the water. Turbidity value of flour dissolved in the CW lower than those dissolved in the water. The flour dissolved in the CW slightly acid than in the water. The flour dissolved in h-CW shows a slight decrease in absorbance value compared to the f-CW, meanwhile, flour dissolved in water generally have relatively the same spectrum profile.
Molecular docking study to reveal Morinda citrifolia fruits as a novel EGFR inhibitor for anticancer therapy
Authors: Agustina D W , Wahyuningsih M D , Widyarti S , Rifa’i M
Published: May 2021

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world and represents a major public health burden. Epidermal Growth factor Receptor (EGFR) as targets for hormonal cancer therapy shown to decrease cell proliferation and tumor growth. Indonesian People usually consumed Health tonic from Morinda citrifolia fruits known as Noni juice. Morinda citrifolia fruits have been known for a therapeutic benefit such as antidiabetic, anticancer and pain. This study aims to investigate molecular interaction between Morinda citrifolia fruits compound with the active site of ERb antagonist and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor for lung cancer therapy. Morinda citrifolia fruit compounds were retrieved from Dr. Duke’s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases (https://phytochem.nal.usda.gov) meanwhile ligand was retrieved from PubChem and 3D protein from PDB. The first step was ligand and receptor preparation before docking process using VegaZZ. Molecular docking process was calculated using Autodock Vina in PyRx v.0.8. The Result of this study reveals 12 major compounds of Morinda citrifolia fruits Anthraquinone, Benzo acid, Beta carotene, Eugenol, Limonene, Quercetin, Rutin, Scopoletin. Based on the molecular binding analysis, Quercetin are best docking complex with EGFR. The result showed that Quercetin is the best antagonist for EGFR indicated by the highest affinity (-8.6 Kcal/mol). It can be concluded that Quercetin in Morinda citrifolia is main compound in noni fruits that act as anticancer agent.
The effect of cutting the bulbil-porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) on its germination ability
Authors: Harijati N , Ying D
Published: May 2021

Bulbil, an aerial tuber specifically found on porang, is one tool for multiplication of porang (Amorphophallus muelleri).. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of bulbil cutting on the number of tubercles, the proportion of black and white tubercles, the potential for shoot production, the number and height of shoots produced from both cutting (2 and 4 cuts) which appeared in the abaxial or adaxial parts, and the direction of shoot growth. This study was designed using a completely randomized design, each unit of observation was four-replicated. The obtained data were analyzed using Anova, Tukey or independence T-test. The results showed the number of shoots from the whole bulbil, bulbil cut (two or four) differed significantly. The highest number of shoots obtained from bulbil cut was 4 which was 9 shoots. Those highest number of shoots was supported by the highest white tubercle. However, the potential for shoots to emerge from both whole and cut bulbils were almost the same, the length of the shoots did not differ significantly between them as well. The ratio between white and black tubercles seemed to affect the number of shoots, the high ratio produced more shoots. The tubercle ratio from intact bulbils, cut-2 bulbils and cut-4 bulbils tend to increase but not significantly different. The length of shoots that appear from the adaxial and abaxial parts was not different as well. All shoots from both the whole bulbil and cut bulbil grew upwards, none of which grows horizontally or towards the earth.
Modelling Casuarina junghuhniana dispersal in Tengger sea of sands of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park using cellular automata
Authors: Rahardi B , Indriyani S , Hakim L , Suryanto A
Published: May 2021

The growing of population of a pioneer species may show a unique behavior. Casuarina junghuhniana is reported as a pioneer species, this is because of its tolerance to adverse environment and transform it to become inhabitable for other organism. A comprehensive method involving field observation, the use of mathematical model and computation to understand plants behavior still needs to be developed. This paper is attempting to show a method to build a model for showing unique dispersal behavior of Casuarina junghuhniana. A relatively straightforward use of Fisher’s reaction diffusion equation, cellular automata based modeling and programming can show behavior easier to understand on a grid space. Some assumption must be used to represent the C. junghuhniana dispersal. As it is known that C. junghuhniana can reproduce both vegetatively and generatively, and both were assumed to have different dispersal behavior. Vegetative reproduction using shoots emerging from roots has pattern to spread close to each other. While generative reproduction by seeds which is lightweight has possibility spread further with the help of wind. The total model area of 1km 2 was divided into 300 × 300 cells which represents 1 km 2 area. Cellular automata apply the same rule to each cell and the result was observed from the pattern of cells interaction. A simple program was developed using Python with Jupyter Notebook an interactive computing environment. The number of iteration was limited before observed simulation reached one of area boundaries. The simulation running time was greatly reduced using Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) parallel processing. NUMBA was used as an interface between python and Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA), the GPU programming API. The simulation showed behavior of the trees spread downward along the slope. The wind direction simulation with additional data from wind rose available from internet was also demonstrated in the simulation. Modeling dispersal with influence from wind showed more sporadic pattern at further distance from originating parents cluster. The trees in the simulation showed clusters in dispersal pattern when rely more on generative reproduction. When the trees rely on vegetative reproduction by roots shoots, the population showed more like continuous cover. When concerning real 3 dimensional aspect, this simulation still can not distinguish vertical (z axis) aspect. It means two points would be seen as close to each other although they actually have far vertical distance. At this stage, the simulation has not yet been optimized to easily convert input from the wind rose. The wind information still needs to be written as code into the program.
Caffeine-degrading endosymbiont fungi isolated from Hipothenemus hampei. Ferr as pre-analysis caffeine tolerance ability of coffee berry borer
Authors: Purwatiningsih  , Ubaidillah S , Setyati D , Wiyono H T
Published: May 2021

The Coffee Berry Borer (CBB), Hypthenemus hampei Ferr., is the most destructive pest of coffee berry due to its ability to bore and complete their entire life cycle inside of the coffee berry. The detoxification mechanism of CBB ability to lives inside of coffee berry containing high natural insecticide compound such as caffeine is a very interesting study and it may lead to be an advantaged for CBB controlling methods. Isolation and screening of endosymbiont fungi from CBB using 0.5% caffeine plate agar as a minimum nutrient as well as a selective medium were obtained 10 isolates consist of 6 isolates of yeasts and 4 filamentous fungi which positively degraded caffeine content through their formed diameter of the colony. The presenting of these several caffeine-degrading endosymbiont fungi could be as pre-explanation about the caffeine tolerance mechanism of CBB.
Community forest management of Arabica coffee based on local and modern ecological knowledge
Authors: Tridakusumah A C , Supyandi D , Arari M , Sukayat Y
Published: May 2021

Coffee farmers, members of Kramatjaya Forest Farmers Group in Garut Regency West Java, use Perhutani’s land to cultivate Arabica coffee. Apart from being a conservation area, this land is also arable volcanic soil and requires proper management that prioritizes coffee agribusiness aspects as well as ecological aspects, based on local and modern knowledge. This study implemented a knowledge management approach to reveal an understanding of local and modern ecological knowledge management in community coffee business practices. Empirical data were obtained through in-depth interviews and FGD. The research results show that for the last 10 years farmers have been utilizing Perhutani’s land to cultivate Arabica coffee by implementing modern coffee equipment and also adopting local ecological knowledge in each sub-system. Local knowledge in the production sub-system is demonstrated by terracing systems. In the sub-processing system, local knowledge is used in coffee processing using traditional methods, along with uses modern equipment. The study also shows that knowledge generation derived from external and internal sources, knowledge transfer came from the role of community leader and field school training, and knowledge application of coffee processing used modern technology through community leader networks.