bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ATP-gated P2X1 ion channel contributes to the severity of antibody-mediated Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury in mice
Authors: El Mdawar Marie-Belle , Maître Blandine , Magnenat Stéphanie , Gachet Christian , Hechler Béatrice , de la Salle Henri
Published: March 2019

The biological responses that control the development of Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI), a serious post-transfusion respiratory syndrome, still need to be clarified. Since extracellular nucleotides and their P2 receptors participate in inflammatory processes as well as in cellular responses to stress, we investigated the role of the ATP-gated P2X1cation channel in antibody-mediated TRALI. The effects of NF449, a selective P2X1 receptor (P2RX1) antagonist, were analyzed in a mouse two-hit model of TRALI. Mice were primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 24 h later challenged by administrating an anti-MHC I antibody. The selective P2RX1 antagonist NF449 was administrated before the administration of LPS and/or the anti-MHC I antibody. When given before antibody administration, NF449 improved survival while maximal protection was achieved when NF449 was also administrated before the sensitization step. Under this later condition, protein contents in bronchoalveolar lavages were dramatically reduced. Cell depletion experiments indicated that monocytes/macrophages, but not neutrophils, contribute to this effect. In addition, the reduced lung periarteriolar interstitial edemas in NF449-treated mice suggested that P2RX1 from arteriolar smooth muscle cells could represent a target of NF449. Accordingly, inhibition of TRPC6, another cation channel expressed by smooth muscle cells, also reduced TRALI-associated pulmonary interstitial and alveolar edemas. These data strongly suggest that cation channels like P2RX1 or TRPC6 participate to TRALI pathological responses.
Deep learning for high-throughput quantification of oligodendrocyte ensheathment at single-cell resolution
Authors: Xu Yu Kang T. , Chitsaz Daryan , Brown Robert A. , Cui Qiao Ling , Dabarno Matthew A. , Antel Jack P. , Kennedy Timothy E.
Published: March 2019

High-throughput quantification of oligodendrocyte myelination is a challenge that, if addressed, would facilitate the development of therapeutics to promote myelin protection and repair. Here, we established a high-throughput method to assess oligodendrocyte ensheathment in-vitro, combining nanofiber culture devices and automated imaging with a heuristic approach that informed the development of a deep learning analytic algorithm. The heuristic approach was developed by modeling general characteristics of oligodendrocyte ensheathments, while the deep learning neural network employed a UNet architecture and a single-cell training method to associate ensheathed segments with individual oligodendrocytes. Reliable extraction of multiple morphological parameters from individual cells, without heuristic approximations, allowed the UNet to match the accuracy of expert-human measurements. The capacity of this technology to perform multi-parametric analyses at the level of individual cells, while reducing manual labor and eliminating human variability, permits the detection of nuanced cellular differences to accelerate the discovery of new insights into oligodendrocyte physiology.
Boosting magnetic resonance imaging signal-to-noise ratio using magnetic metamaterials
Authors: Duan Guangwu , Zhao Xiaoguang , Anderson Stephan William , Zhang Xin
Published: March 2019

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents a mainstay among the diagnostic imaging tools in modern healthcare. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) represents a fundamental performance metric of MRI, the improvement of which may be translated into increased image resolution or decreased scan time. Recently, efforts towards the application of metamaterials in MRI have reported improvements in SNR through their capacity to interact with electromagnetic radiation. While promising, the reported applications of metamaterials to MRI remain impractical and fail to realize the full potential of these unique materials. Here, we report the development of a magnetic metamaterial enabling a marked boost in radio frequency field strength, ultimately yielding a dramatic increase in the SNR (~ 4.2×) of MRI. The application of the reported magnetic metamaterials in MRI has the potential for rapid clinical translation, offering marked enhancements in SNR, image resolution, and scan efficiency, thereby leading to an evolution of this diagnostic tool.
Al-substitution-induced defect sites enhance adsorption of Pb2+ on hematite
Authors: Liang Yu , Wang Mingxia , Xiong Juan , Hou Jingtao , Wang Xiaoming , Tan Wenfeng
Published: March 2019

Al-substitution induces Fe vacancies on hematite (001) facets, which contributes substantially to increase the surface reactivity of hematite.
Organotin-bridged ionic liquid as a solvent-free, leaching-resistive catalyst for ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone
Authors: Bouyahya Asmaa , Balieu Sébastien , Beniazza Redouane , Raihane Mustapha , El Kadib Abdelkrim , Le Cerf Didier , Thébault Pascal , Gouhier Géraldine , Lahcini Mohammed
Published: March 2019

An easy synthesis provides a monoalkyltin trichloride grafted onto an ionic liquid. The catalyst paves the way to nontoxic biologically relevant materials.
GVS-12 attenuates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by suppressing inflammatory responses via PPARγ/STAT3 signaling pathways
Authors: Wang Yuhui , Zhang Xiyang , Yuan Bo , Lu Xi , Zheng Dongxuan , Zhang Kefeng , Zhong Mingli , Xu Xiaotian , Duan Xiaoqun
Published: March 2019

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a type of fatty liver disease, is characterized by excessive inflammation and fat accumulation in the liver.
Construction of self-signal DNA electrochemical biosensor employing WS2 nanosheets combined with PIn6COOH
Authors: Yang Jimin , Gao Lei , Peng Cheng , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2019

A self-signal DNA electrochemical biosensor was constructed employing WS2 nanosheets combined with PIn6COOH.
Novel magnetically separable anhydride-functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2@PEI-NTDA nanoparticles as effective adsorbents: synthesis, stability and recyclable adsorption performance for heavy metal ions
Authors: Jia Chaoyang , Zhao Junhong , Lei Liling , Kang Xiyang , Lu Ran , Chen Chongtao , Li Shunling , Zhao Yale , Yang Qingxiang , Chen Zhijun
Published: March 2019

A magnetically separable adsorbent, anhydride-functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2@PEI-NTDA, was successfully constructed for removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution.
The difference in electronic structure of MAPI and MASI perovskites and its effect on the interface alignment to the HTMs spiro-MeOTAD and CuI
Authors: Hellmann Tim , Wussler Michael , Das Chittaranjan , Dachauer Ralph , El-Helaly Islam , Mortan Claudiu , Mayer Thomas , Jaegermann Wolfram
Published: March 2019

We have studied the electronic structure of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI) and CH3NH3SnI3 (MASI) perovskite films by performing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements on in situ grown perovskite films.
A methodology for the fast identification and monitoring of microplastics in environmental samples using random decision forest classifiers
Authors: Hufnagl Benedikt , Steiner Dieter , Renner Elisabeth , Löder Martin G. J. , Laforsch Christian , Lohninger Hans
Published: March 2019

A new yet little understood threat to our ecosystems is microplastics.
Improving the structure stabilization of red phosphorus anodes via the shape memory effect of a Ni–Ti alloy for high-performance sodium ion batteries
Authors: Wang Yingtao , Yang Xiaodan , Zhao Chenyang , Li Yongliang , Mi Hongwei , Zhang Peixin
Published: March 2019

The shape memory effect of a Ni–Ti alloy was applied to prevent the structure degradation of red phosphorus anodes for sodium-ion batteries.
Binaphthanol-based organic fluorophores with color tunability and their optical properties
Authors: Chen Shaojin , Zhang Wenxuan , Liu Wei , Ge Zhaohai , Wang Kun-Peng , Gan Li-Hua , Hu Zhi-Qiang
Published: March 2019

Dimethylamine substituted binaphthanol-type fluorophores show broad color tunable emissions with solvatochromic, AIE and acidochromic properties.
Quantum cutting using organic molecules
Authors: LaCount Michael D. , Lusk Mark T.
Published: March 2019

Ab initio based study of organic molecular based quantum cutting with predicted efficiency of 1.2, and proposition of design criteria.
Enhanced ethene to propene ratio over Zn-modified SAPO-34 zeolites in methanol-to-olefin reaction
Authors: Huang Huiwen , Wang Haoren , Zhu Hui , Zhang Shanhe , Zhang Qiang , Li Chunyi
Published: March 2019

The enrichment of incorporated Zn-related species and the accommodation of facilitated aromatics impose increased diffusion restriction for bulky hydrocarbons, thus contributing to significant improvements in ethene selectivity and ethene to propene ratio over Zn modified SAPO-34 zeolites.
An NHC-CuCl functionalized metal–organic framework for catalyzing β-boration of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds
Authors: Yao Qingxia , Lu Xiufang , Liu Kaili , Ma Chao , Su Jie , Lin Cong , Li Dacheng , Dou Jianmin , Sun Junliang , Duan Wenzeng
Published: March 2019

A microporous MOF functionalized with in situ generated NHC-Cu(i)Cl units (1), which can catalyze β-boration of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, has been synthesized.
A quinoxaline–diaminomaleonitrile conjugate system for colorimetric detection of Cu2+ in 100% aqueous medium: observation of aldehyde to acid transformation
Authors: Bag Riya , Sikdar Yeasin , Sahu Sutapa , Saha Pinaki , Bag Jayanta , Pal Kuntal , Goswami Sanchita
Published: March 2019

A quinoxaline–diaminomaleonitrile conjugate is used for detection of Cu(ii) in water and shows the oxidation of aldehydes to acids.
Volatiles from the ascomyceteDaldinia cf. childiae(Hypoxylaceae), originating from China
Authors: Lauterbach Lukas , Wang Tao , Stadler Marc , Dickschat Jeroen S.
Published: March 2019

The volatiles from an isolate of the fungusDaldinia cf. childiae, obtained from a specimen collected in China, were collected by use of a closed-loop stripping apparatus and analysed by GC-MS.
Programmable reactions and diffusion using DNA for pattern formation in hydrogel medium
Authors: Abe Keita , Kawamata Ibuki , Nomura Shin-ichiro M. , Murata Satoshi
Published: March 2019

We demonstrate a method of pattern formation based on an artificial reaction diffusion system in hydrogel medium.
Wrapping CuCo2S4 arrays on nickel foam with Ni2(CO3)(OH)2 nanosheets as a high-performance faradaic electrode
Authors: Zhou Qingya , Huang Jinping , Li Cuiyu , Lv Zhiwei , Zhu Huilin , Hu Gang
Published: March 2019

Ternary metal sulfides represent a new class of faradaic electrode material outperforming their oxide counterparts.
The improved hydrodechlorination catalytic reactions by concerted efforts of ionic liquid and activated carbon support
Authors: Li Rongrong , Zhou Zehua , Chen Jingjing , Wang Shiting , Zheng Jianli , Chu Chu , Zhao Jia , Fan Huajun , Han Deman
Published: March 2019

Modified and stabilized palladium nanoparticles were prepared successfully by using an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate.
Efficient design and structural modifications for tuning the photoelectric properties of small-molecule acceptors in organic solar cells
Authors: He Xiaodong , Yin Lunxiang , Li Yanqin
Published: March 2019

Five novel molecules have been synthesized to investigate how to tune molecular photoelectric properties efficiently through structural design and modifications.
Correction: Transport mechanisms in a puckered graphene-on-lattice
Authors: Xu T. , Díaz Álvarez A. , Wei W. , Eschimese D. , Brillard C. , Eliet S. , Lancry O. , Galopin E. , Vaurette F. , Berthe M. , Desremes D. , Wei B. , Xu J. , Lampin J. F. , Pallecchi E. , Happy H. , Vignaud D. , Grandidier B.
Published: March 2019

Correction for ‘Transport mechanisms in a puckered graphene-on-lattice’ by T. Xu et al., Nanoscale, 2018, 10, 7519–7525.
Supramolecular nanocatalyst in water: successive click-driven assembly of click-derived rod amphiphiles
Authors: Kim Inhye , Lee Eunji
Published: March 2019

An aqueous supramolecular nanocatalyst with interfacial curvature controlled by a click reaction was developed based on the self-assembly of a rod amphiphile containing a triazole moiety that chelates CuI ions for successive and efficient click-to-click reactions.
Iron-mediated highly diastereoselective allylation of carbonyl compounds with cyclic allylic halides
Authors: Liu Xuan-Yu , Cheng Bu-Qing , Guo Yi-Cong , Chu Xue-Qiang , Rao Weidong , Loh Teck-Peng , Shen Zhi-Liang
Published: March 2019

An efficient iron-mediated highly diastereoselective allylation reaction of carbonyl compounds with cyclic allylic halides using a catalytic amount of bismuth(iii) chloride is reported.
Konjac glucomannan-templated synthesis of three-dimensional NiO nanostructures assembled from porous NiO nanoplates for gas sensors
Authors: Son Le Lam , Cuong Nguyen Duc , Van Thi Tran Thi , Hieu Le Trung , Trung Do Dang , Van Hieu Nguyen
Published: March 2019

Biopolymer template synthesis has attracted extensive interest for fabricating highly porous metal oxide nanostructures.
Porous carbon derived from metal–organic framework@graphene quantum dots as electrode materials for supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yu Hui , Zhu Wenjian , Zhou Hu , Liu Jianfeng , Yang Zhen , Hu Xiaocai , Yuan Aihua
Published: March 2019

The C@GQD composite was prepared by the combination of metal–organic framework (ZIF-8)-derived porous carbon and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) by a simple method.
Correction: Base recognition by l-nucleotides in heterochiral DNA
Authors: Ogawa Shuji , Wada Shun-ichi , Urata Hidehito
Published: March 2019

Correction for ‘Base recognition by l-nucleotides in heterochiral DNA’ by Shuji Ogawa et al., RSC Adv., 2012, 2, 2274–2275.
Crystallographic characterization of Y2C2n (2n = 82, 88–94): direct Y–Y bonding and cage-dependent cluster evolution
Authors: Pan Changwang , Shen Wangqiang , Yang Le , Bao Lipiao , Wei Zhan , Jin Peng , Fang Hongyun , Xie Yunpeng , Akasaka Takeshi , Lu Xing
Published: March 2019

The long-sought Y–Y bonding is experimentally observed in organometallic complexes for the first time by encapsulation inside the hollow cavity of C3v(8)-C82 and Cs(6)-C82 fullerene cages.
Energy landscape of colloidal dumbbells in a periodic distribution of light
Authors: Sarmiento-Gómez E. , Rivera-Morán J. A. , Arauz-Lara J. L.
Published: March 2019

Using a ray tracing calculation, the energy landscape of dumbbells, made of spherical colloidal particles, interacting with a periodic distribution of light is calculated.
Conductive metal–organic framework nanowire arrays for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution
Authors: Li Wen-Hua , Lv Jiangquan , Li Qiaohong , Xie Jiafang , Ogiwara Naoki , Huang Yiyin , Jiang Huijie , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Xu Gang , Wang Yaobing
Published: March 2019

Conductive metal–organic framework nanowire arrays with Fe doping demonstrate self-adaptable structure adjustment for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution.
3D well-ordered porous phosphorus doped carbon as an anode for sodium storage: structure design, experimental and computational insights
Authors: Qiao Yun , Han Ruimin , Pang Yudong , Lu Zhansheng , Zhao Jin , Cheng Xiaoguang , Zhang Huishuang , Yang Zongxian , Yang Shuting , Liu Yang
Published: March 2019

Carbon materials with a novel structure have been considered to be potential anodes for sodium ion batteries (SIBs).
Solid solutions of M2−2xIn2xS3 (M = Bi or Sb) by solventless thermolysis
Authors: Alqahtani Tahani , Cernik Robert J. , O’Brien Paul , Lewis David J.
Published: March 2019

Bismuth, antimony and indium xanthates have been synthesized and employed for the preparation of Bi–In–S and Sb–In–S solid solutions by solventless thermolysis.
Improved photovoltaic performance of triple-cation mixed-halide perovskite solar cells with binary trivalent metals incorporated into the titanium dioxide electron transport layer
Authors: Thambidurai M. , Foo Shini , Muhammed Salim K. M. , Harikesh P. C. , Bruno Annalisa , Jamaludin Nur Fadilah , Lie Stener , Mathews Nripan , Dang Cuong
Published: March 2019

Simultaneous improvement in transparency, conductivity, and energy level alignment was attainedviaa highly efficient AlIn-TiO2ETL with the unrivaled PCE of 19%.
Interleukin-35 promotes early endothelialization after stent implantation by regulating macrophage activation
Authors: Liu Xianglan , Zhang Ruoxi , Hou Jingbo , Wu Jian , Zhang Maomao , Fang Shaohong , Wang Xuedong , Huang Xingtao , Tian Jinwei , Li Hulun , Sun Yong , Yu Bo
Published: March 2019

Background: Early strut coverage after sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) implantation is associated with the activation of inflammation, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. The present study aimed to identify the relationship between the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL) 35 (IL-35) and early strut coverage in vivo and in vitro.

Methods: We utilized a retrospective study design to measure IL-35 levels in 68 stents from 68 patients with coronary artery disease and recorded serial optical coherence tomography (OCT) images (0 and 3 months) to assess stent endothelialization. The mechanism underlying the regulatory effects of IL-35 on macrophages and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was also investigated. SESs were surgically implanted into the right common carotid arteries of 200 male New Zealand White rabbits receiving intravenous injections of IL-35 or a placebo.

Results: At the 3-month OCT evaluation, complete endothelium coverage was correlated with IL-35 levels. IL-35 induced the activation of an anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophage phenotype by targeting the signal transducer and activators of transcription (STAT)1/4 signalling pathway, and IL-35-treated macrophages induced endothelial proliferation and alleviated endothelial dysfunction. IL-35-treated New Zealand White rabbits with implanted SESs showed lower percentages of cross-sections with an uncovered strut, elevated mean neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) thickness, and inhibited inflammatory responses.

Conclusions: We investigated the effect of IL-35 expression on early stent endothelialization in vivo and in vitro and identified a crucial role for IL-35 in inducing the activation of an anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophage phenotype. The present study highlights a new therapeutic strategy for early stent endothelialization.
Synchronous distributed receding horizon control for uncertain networked systems with time delays
Authors: Yang Yuanqing , Ding Baocang
Published: March 2019

This study investigates the problem of distributed receding horizon control (DRHC) for constrained networked systems with polytopic uncertainty description, subject to time delays. Considering the limited communication capacity of the network and computational complexity, the approach of this study is based on a synchronous and non‐iterative structure. Thus, for each subsystem, assumed predictive state evolutions of the neighbours are used. To restrict the assumed evolutions not deviating much from the true ones, the compatibility condition is derived concerning global stability. Time delays are handled by introducing an augmented polytopic uncertainty description, and the local optimisation problem is properly formulated by means of the robust receding horizon control technique. Applying the DRHC approach of this study, the recursive feasibility of the optimisation problem and exponential stability of the global system are guaranteed. An example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Sizing of renewable energy based hybrid system for rural electrification using grey wolf optimisation approach
Authors: Anand Priyanka , Rizwan Mohammad , Bath Sarbjeet Kaur
Published: March 2019

The utilisation of renewable energy sources (RES) in increasing drastically because of various issues including depletion of fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions, climate change and so on. As the power generated from RES is fluctuating in nature, therefore, the appropriate sizing of the hybrid model based on RES is utmost important. In this study, the grey wolf optimisation, a newly developed approach is used for the optimal sizing of the hybrid model. In this work, the optimal design of solar/biomass/biogas/battery‐based hybrid system has been carried out to supply continuous electricity to various households of a cluster of villages of Haryana state of India. The results obtained from the proposed model have been compared with harmony search and particle swarm optimisation and found better.
High sidelobe analysis and reduction in multistatic inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging fusion with gapped data
Authors: Kang Hailong , Li Jun , Li Han , Zhang Yuhong
Published: March 2019

Radar observations from different angles are often discontinuous in multistatic inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging. Based on Fourier transform, such as Polar Format Algorithm and Range Doppler Algorithm, the discontinuity of the angle will make the performance of traditional ISAR imaging algorithm worse. The sidelobe of the image will rise and the mainlobe may split. Generally, it is necessary to pre‐process the gapped data and then the traditional ISAR imaging algorithm is used for imaging. The most commonly used pre‐processing method is to interpolate the gap. However, the performance of this method is not satisfied, especially when the gap is large. The reason of sidelobe rising and mainlobe splitting is first analysed. Then, a sidelobe reduction method based on compressive sensing (CS) is proposed. This method establishes a relationship between the complete data and the gapped data, and the complete data can be solved from the gapped data by CS method. After that, the complete data will be used for imaging by utilising traditional ISAR imaging algorithm and the high sidelobe will be reduced effectively. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the analysis and the simulation results.
Die Rolle der Zellfusion im Tumorkontext. Fakt oder Fiktion?
Authors: Dittmar Thomas
Published: March 2019

Das biologische Phänomen der Zellfusion spielt bei verschiedenen physiologischen Prozessen, wie bei der Fertilisation, der Plazentabildung oder der Wundheilung/ Geweberegeneration, aber auch pathophysiologischen Prozessen, wie Krebs, eine bedeutende Rolle. Insbesondere bei Krebs wird vermutet, dass aus der Fusion zwischen Tumorzellen und normalen Zellen, wie Makrophagen, Fibroblasten oder Stammzellen, Tumor-Hybridzellen hervorgehen können, die neue Eigenschaften besitzen können, wie z. B. ein erhöhtes metastatogenes Potenzial oder eine erhöhte Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber Zytostatika. Doch obwohl in zahlreichen In-vitro- und In-vivo-Studien gezeigt werden konnte, dass durch Fusion stabile Tumor-Hybridzellen hervorgehen können, wird diese Hypothese nach wie vor kritisch diskutiert. Andererseits mehren sich die Studien, in denen eindeutig Tumor-Hybridzellen in humanen Tumoren und im peripheren Blut nachgewiesen wurden, was zudem mit einer schlechten Prognose für die Patienten korrelierte. Daher soll in diesem Übersichtsartikel das Phänomen der Zellfusion im Tumorkontext näher betrachtet werden und zusammengefasst werden, was für diese Hypothese spricht und warum Zellfusionsereignisse im humanen Tumorkontext durchaus etwas Reales sind.
2-Azadienes as Enamine Umpolung Synthons for the Preparation of Chiral Amines
Authors: Malcolmson Steven J. , Li Kangnan , Shao Xinxin
Published: March 2019

The development of new strategies for the preparation of chiral amines is an important objective in organic synthesis. In this Synpacts, we summarize our approach for catalytically accessing nucleophilic aminoalkyl metal species from 2-azadienes, and its application in generating a number of important but elusive chiral amine scaffolds. Reductive couplings with ketones and imines afford 1,2-amino tertiary alcohols and 1,2-diamines, respectively, whereas fluoroarylations of gem-difluoro-2-azadienes deliver α-trifluoromethylated benzylic amines.

1 Introduction

2 Background: Umpolung Strategies for Preparing Chiral Amines

3 Background: 2-Azadienes

4 Reductive Couplings of 2-Azadienes

5 Fluoroarylations of gem-Difluoro-2-azadienes

6 Summary and Outlook
Balloon Tamponade and Esophageal Stenting for Esophageal Variceal Bleeding in Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Rodrigues Susana , Cárdenas Andrés , Escorsell Àngels , Bosch Jaime
Published: March 2019

Failure to control variceal bleeding with current recommendations occurs in 10 to 20% of cases. This systematic review and meta-analysis analyzes the experience, results, and complications of “bridge” therapies for failure to control acute variceal bleeding: balloon tamponade and esophageal stents. The main outcomes assessed were failure to control bleeding and mortality in the short-term and medium-term follow-up, and adverse events. Balloon tamponade studies had a pooled rate of short-term failure to control bleeding of 35.5%, and adverse events in over 20% of cases; 9.7% resulting in death. Stenting failed to control bleeding in the short term and medium term in 12.7 and 21.5% of cases of severe or refractory variceal bleeding, respectively, despite stent migration in 23.8% of cases. Medium-term mortality rates were similar in both therapies. Although only one trial compared these treatments, the available evidence consistently supports that stents serve as a better and safer bridge therapy in refractory acute variceal bleeding.
Surgical Treatment of Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms: Hints and Precautions for Young Cerebrovascular Surgeons
Authors: Sturiale Carmelo , Marchese Enrico , Puca Alfredo , Olivi Alessandro , Albanese Alessio
Published: March 2019

Background In spite of the advent of neurointerventional treatment, different clinical and anatomical features are still strong indications for clipping of posterior communicating artery (PComA) aneurysms. But the experience of young neurosurgeons is increasingly limited, and therefore providing technical operative guidelines is a fundamental prerequisite to achieve the best aneurysm exclusion and avoid perioperative complications.

Study Objective We describe a technical algorithm we use to teach young neurosurgeons how to approach carotid aneurysms that may help them develop a procedural memory and thus perform an efficient and safe surgery.

Material and Methods We reviewed our last 10 years of institutional experience of > 150 cases of clipping ruptured and unruptured PComA aneurysms, analyzing our technical refinements and the difficulties in teaching residents and young neurosurgeons how to establish fundamental key points and design a didactic algorithm that includes operative instructions and safety rules.

Results We recognized seven pragmatic technical key points regarding craniotomy, cisternostomy, proximal and distal control, aneurysm neck dissection, preservation of neurovascular structures, and clipping to use in a didactic algorithm for teaching residents and as operative instructions for inexperienced neurosurgeons.

Conclusion In the setting of clipping PComA aneurysms, respect for surgical rules is of paramount importance to perform an efficacious and safe procedure and ensure the best aneurysm exclusion and preservation of neurovascular structures.
Evaluation of Immunological Parameters in Pregnant Women: Low Levels of B and NK Cells
Authors: de Carvalho Schettini Juliana Araújo , Gomes Thomás Virgílio , Júnior Claudeir Dias da Silva , Heráclio Sandra de Andrade , Coelho Isabela Cristina Coutinho de Albuquerque Neiva , Torres Leuridan Cavalcante
Published: March 2019

Objective To describe the immunological and hematological reference intervals of low-risk pregnant women.

Methods A cross-sectional retrospective database analysis of a basic and translational study analyzing the hematological evaluation blood counts and immunophenotyping of TCD3 + , TCD4 + , TCD8 + , B, and natural killer (NK) cells of the peripheral blood in 79 low-risk pregnant women and of 30 control women from the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, was performed.

Results No significant differences were detected between the hematological profiles of the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Nevertheless, the median level of B cells decreased significantly in the 2nd (174 × 103 µL; p < 0.002) and 3rd trimesters (160 × 103 µL; p < 0.001), compared with the control group (296 × 103 µL). Similarly, the median level of NK cells was lower in the 2nd (134 × 103 µL; p < 0.0004) and 3rd trimesters (100 × 103 µL, p < 0.0004), compared with the control group (183 × 103 µL). In contrast, relative TCD4+ and TCD8+ levels increased in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters compared with the controls (TCD4 + : 2nd trimester = 59%; p < 0.001; 3rd trimester = 57%; p < 0.01; control = 50%; and TCD8 + : 2nd trimester = 31%; p < 0.001; 3rd trimester = 36%; p < 0.01; control = 24%).

Conclusion Low-risk pregnant women have ∼ 40% less B and NK cells in the peripheral blood, compared with non-pregnant women. These parameters may improve health assistance for mothers and contribute to define reference values for normal pregnancies.
Risk of Reinfection after Irrigation and Debridement of Acute Periprosthetic Joint Infection following TKA
Authors: Baker James F. , Dilworth Brian , Bhimani Samrath J. , Ong Kevin L. , Lau Edmund C. , Smith Langan S. , Malkani Arthur L.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with reinfection in patients treated with irrigation and debridement (I&D) with liner exchange for an acute (less than 3 months) prosthetic joint infection following the index primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Medicare claims database was queried to identify patients with periprosthetic joint infection within 3 months of their index TKA who underwent I&D with tibial polyethylene liner exchange. Exclusion criteria included age < 65 years and < 1 year of claims prior to TKA. A total of 341 patients met our criteria and were analyzed by age, sex, diabetes, obesity, Charlson comorbidity score, and time between TKA and I&D with liner exchange. Average time to I&D with liner exchange following primary TKA was 38.5 ± 21.3 days and multivariate analysis showed a significantly higher risk of reinfection within 1 year in patients > 85 years old (p < 0.001) and diabetes (p < 0.02). The risk of reinfection was lowest for patients treated with I&D with liner exchange within 14 days after TKA (p = 0.028). The incidence of reinfection was 223% greater if I&D with liner exchange was performed 2 to 4 weeks after primary TKA (p < 0.03), and 277% higher if performed > 6 weeks after index procedure compared with those performed within 2 weeks. Patients older than 85 years, diabetics, or treated with I&D with liner exchange > 14 days following the primary TKA had a significantly higher risk of reinfection within 1 year. Patients should be cautioned on the risk of reinfection prior to proceeding with I&D with liner exchange > 2 weeks following the index procedure.
Changes in Total Knee Arthroplasty Utilization since the Implementation of ACA: An Analysis of Patient–Hospital Demographics, Costs, and Charges
Authors: Gwam Chukwuweike U. , Mohamed Nequesha S. , Etcheson Jennifer I. , Dávila Castrodad Iciar M. , Mistry Jaydev B. , Recai Thea M. , Delanois Ronald E.
Published: March 2019

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) formed the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Center which has implemented experimental reimbursement models targeted at high-demand procedures to improve care quality. However, the effect of health care reform on total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures has not been explored. This study explores patient–hospital level demographics, inpatient costs, and charges related to TKA procedures between 2009 and 2015. The National Inpatient Sample database was utilized to identify patients who received primary TKA between January 2009 and October 2015 (4,283,387 cases). Categorical, continuous, and ordinal data were analyzed using chi-square/Fisher's exact test, t-test/analysis of variance, or Kruskal–Wallis' test, respectively. There was an increase in proportion of TKA recipients belonging to minority groups and the lowest quartile of median income (p < 0.05). There was a 1.9% increase in recipients using Medicaid as a primary payor and volume shifts from urban nonteaching toward urban teaching hospitals. There was a reduction in mean length of stay and mean inpatient costs. There were increases in hospital charges, but reductions in rates of inpatient mortality, and other postoperative complications. TKA procedures remain the most common surgical procedure; therefore, our study assessed national trends to capture the effect of PPACA. We found an increasing proportion of TKA recipients belonging to minority and low-income groups, volume shifts to urban teaching hospitals, and lower costs of care. These findings may be useful in objectively critiquing the effects of PPACA on TKA-related care.
Interaction effects between consumer information and firms' decision rules in a duopoly: how cognitive features can impact market dynamics
Authors: Nioche Aurélien , Garcia Basile , Boraud Thomas , Rougier Nicolas , Bourgeois-Gironde Sacha
Published: March 2019

Duopolies are situations where two independent sellers compete for capturing market share. Such duopolies exist in the world economy (e.g., Boeing/Airbus, Samsung/Apple, Visa/MasterCard) and have been studied extensively in the literature using theoretical models. Among these models, the spatial model of Hotelling (1929) is certainly the most prolific and has generated subsequent literature, each work introducing some variation leading to different conclusions. However, most models assume consumers have unlimited access to information (perfect information hypothesis) and to be rational. Here, we consider a situation where consumers have limited access to information and explore how this factor influences the behavior of competing firms. We first characterized three decision-making processes followed by individual firms (maximizing one's profit, maximizing one's relative profit with respect to the competitor; or tacit collusion) using a simulated model, varying the level of information of consumers. These manipulations alternatively lead the firms to minimally or maximally differentiate their relative position. We then tested the model with human participants in the role of firms and characterized their behavior according to the model. Our results demonstrate that limited access to information by consumers can actually induce a mutually beneficial non-competitive behavior of firms, which is not traceable to explicit collusive strategies. Imperfect information on the part of consumers can hence be exploited by firms through basic and blind decision rules.
First-principles study of diffusion and interactions of hydrogen with silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur impurities in nickel
Authors: Paranjape Priyanvada , Gopal Priya , Srinivasan S. G.
Published: March 2019

Using density functional theory (DFT), we systematically study the effect of Si, P, and S impurities on the diffusion and binding of an H atom in a face-centered-cubic (FCC) Ni lattice. First, we quantify binding energies of an H atom to a vacancy, an impurity atom, and a vacancy-impurity atom defect pair. The energetics of H interactions show that a vacancy-impurity atom defect pair with larger binding energy traps the H atom more strongly and correlates with electronic bonding. Next, we study how the impurities influence diffusion of an H atom by using the Climbing Image Nudged Elastic band method to evaluate the Minimum Energy Path and the energy barrier for diffusion. The H atom preferentially diffuses between tetrahedral to octahedral (T-O) interstitial positions in pure Ni and when impurities are present. However, the activation energy significantly decreases from 0.95 eV in pure Ni to 0.47 eV, 0.52 eV, and 0.46 eV, respectively, in the presence of Si, P, and S impurities, which speeds up H diffusion. We rationalize this by comparing the bonding character of the saddle point configuration and changes in the electronic structure of Ni for each system. Notably, these analyses correlate the lower values of the activation energies to a local atomic strain in a Ni lattice. Our DFT study also validates the hypothesis of Berkowitz and Kane that P increases the H diffusion and, thereby, significantly increases H embrittlement susceptibility of Ni. We report a similar effect for Si and S impurities in Ni.
A non-dimensional parameter for classification of the flow in intracranial aneurysms. II. Patient-specific geometries
Authors: Asgharzadeh Hafez , Asadi Hossein , Meng Hui , Borazjani Iman
Published: March 2019

A simple parameter, called the Aneurysm number (An) which is defined as the ratio of transport to vortex time scales, has been shown to classify the flow mode in simplified aneurysm geometries. Our objective is to test the hypothesis that An can classify the flow in patient-specific intracranial aneurysms (IA). Therefore, the definition of this parameter is extended to anatomic geometries by using hydraulic diameter and the length of expansion area in the approximate direction of the flow. The hypothesis is tested using image-based flow simulations in five sidewall and four bifurcation geometries, i.e., if An ≲ 1 (shorter transport time scale), then the fluid is transported across the neck before the vortex could be formed, creating a quasi-stationary shear layer (cavity mode). By contrast, if An ≳ 1 (shorter vortex time scale), a vortex is formed. The results show that if An switches from An ≲ 1 to An ≳ 1, then the flow mode switches from the cavity mode to the vortex mode. However, if An does not switch, then the IAs stay in the same mode. It is also shown that IAs in the cavity mode have significantly lower An, temporal fluctuations of wall shear stress and oscillatory shear index (OSI) compared to the vortex mode (p < 0.01). In addition, OSI correlates with An in each flow mode and with pulsatility index in each IA. This suggests An to be a viable hemodynamic parameter which can be easily calculated without the need for detailed flow measurements/ simulations.
Sliding friction between two silicon-carbide surfaces
Authors: Piroozan Nariman , Naserifar Saber , Sahimi Muhammad
Published: March 2019

Sliding friction between two SiC surfaces is important due to its relevance to many practical applications. It is also important to study whether kinetic friction at the nanoscale follows Coulomb’s law. Since SiC exists both as an amorphous material and with a crystalline structure, the effect of surface roughness on the kinetic friction may also be significant. We report the results of an extensive molecular dynamics simulation of sliding friction between surfaces of the two types of SiC over a wide range of sliding velocities. The amorphous SiC was generated by the reactive force field ReaxFF, which was also used to represent the interaction potential for the simulation of sliding friction. As the sliding velocity increases, bond breaking occurs at the interface between the two surfaces, leading to their roughening and formation of excess free volume. They reduce the kinetic friction force, hence resulting in decreasing the difference between kinetic friction in the amorphous and crystalline surfaces. The average kinetic friction force depends nonlinearly on the sliding velocity V, implying that Coulomb’s law of friction is not satisfied by the surfaces that we study at the nanoscale. The average kinetic friction force Fk depends on V as Fk∝ln⁡V.
High-level theoretical benchmark investigations of the UV-vis absorption spectra of paradigmatic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as models for graphene quantum dots
Authors: Shi Baimei , Nachtigallová Dana , Aquino Adélia J. A. , Machado Francisco B. C. , Lischka Hans
Published: March 2019

Five paradigmatic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (pyrene, circum-1-pyrene, coronene, circum-1-coronene, and circum-2-coronene) are used for studying the performance of three single-reference methods {scaled opposite-spin-algebraic diagrammatic construction to second-order [SOS-ADC(2)], time-dependent (TD)-B3LYP, and TD-Coulomb-attenuating method (CAM)-B3LYP} and three multireference (MR) methods [density functional theory/multireference configuration interaction (DFT/MRCI), strongly contracted-n-electron valence state perturbation theory to second order (NEVPT2), and spectroscopy oriented configuration interaction (SORCI)]. The performance of these methods was evaluated by comparison of the calculated vertical excitation energies with experiments, where available. DFT/MRCI performs best and thus was used as a benchmark for other approaches where experimental values were not available. Both TD-B3LYP and NEVPT2 agree well with the benchmark data. SORCI performs better for coronene than for pyrene. SOS-ADC(2) does reasonably well in terms of excitation energies for smaller systems, but the error increases somewhat as the size of the system gets bigger. The natural transition orbital analysis for SOS-ADC(2) results indicated that at least two configurations were essential to characterize most of the lower-case electronic states. TD-CAM-B3LYP gives the largest errors for excitation energies and also gives an incorrect order of the lowest two states in circum-1-pyrene. A strong density increase of dark states was observed in the UV spectra with increasing size except for the lowest few states which remained well separated. An extrapolation of the UV spectra to infinite PAH size for S1, S2, and the first bright state based on the coronene series was made. The extrapolated excitation energies closest to experimental measurements on graphene quantum dots were obtained by TD-CAM-B3LYP.
Time-resolved imaging and spectroscopy diagnostic of aluminized RDX and pure RDX under nanosecond laser ablation
Authors: Guo Wencan , Zheng Xianxu , Zhang Xu , Cao Wei , Liu Cangli
Published: March 2019

Laser ablation is a promising method for studying the chemical reactions and energy release in explosives. In this paper, we have investigated the combustion process of pure RDX and aluminized RDX through time-resolved observation of self-emitting imaging and emission spectroscopy under laser ablation. Since the recording devices can only conduct a one-time recording, we have performed a series of experiments with different time delays between the laser ablation and recording to realize time-resolved measurement. We also designed a sample plate with square array of circular holes to load the explosive powder, and every laser ablation can be acted on a complete fresh sample to ensure consistency of the sample status. The results show that, the nanosecond laser ablation causes no persistent combustion in pure RDX, the light intensity and spectral height show a monotone decline with a short duration; The aluminized RDX under laser ablation has typical secondary reaction characteristics, and exhibits better combusting performance in duration and intensity compared to the pure one. The spectral distribution with time indicates that the emission of AlO molecule is the main reason leading to secondary reaction and persistent combustion in aluminized RDX, which directly reveals that aluminum is the key role in promoting reaction and combustion.
Thermal design and simulation of the collector for 140GHz megawatt-class gyrotron on ITER
Authors: Guo Guo , Xu Xiaoming , Guo Junwei , Niu Xinjian
Published: March 2019

Thermal co-simulation for the collector of a 140GHz, 1MW gyrotron is achieved in this paper. Thermal losses due to the particle collision in collector from the CST Particle Studio are directly applied to the thermal analysis by the CST Multi-Physics Studio. The convective heat transfer coefficient of copper with different water flow rate has been discussed. In the simulation, the maximum temperature in the collector changes from 419°C to 245°C, which is achieved respectively at the water flow rates from 5m/s to 15m/s. The thermal deformation caused by different temperature distribution in the collector changes from 0.551mm to 0.253mm, which provides physical analysis for the collector.
Community Development through Tourism
Authors: Beeton Sue
Published: March 2019

Community Development through Tourism examines the development of local communities through the healthy integration of community planning, business planning and tourism planning. It explores the most pertinent tourism and business theories, moving from strategic planning to community empowerment and practice. Research-based case studies are used to illustrate how things work in the real world, and the ways in which various theories can and have been applied.
This book will be an important resource for business development managers, tourism operators and community leaders, as well as students and teachers in courses that incorporate aspects of community tourism into their business, tourism, social sciences and arts programs.
Financial Management for Agribusiness
Authors: Obst WJ , Graham R , Christie G
Published: March 2019

Financial Management for Agribusiness presents a practical approach to financial decision making for all those involved in agribusiness, including farmers, horticulturists and supporting businesses, to manage invested funds, physical resources and labour. It covers all the stages leading to a completed business plan and provides straightforward worked examples for each step.
The authors emphasise the need to collect and record the detailed financial and physical records necessary for sound decision making and detail all stages of financial planning, including record keeping, preparation of financial statements, financial analysis, budgeting, income tax, Goods and Services Tax and succession planning.
The book clearly explains how past financial information of the business can be used to identify and assess alternative strategies that will aid management in making decisions that meet business and personal objectives.
The complete financial management process is then summarised in a comprehensive business plan.
Planting Wetlands and Dams
Authors: Romanowski Nick
Published: March 2019

Wetland planting can bring back biodiversity, reduce the impact of drought and flood, improve water quality and conserve beauty in a mismanaged landscape. Planting Wetlands and Dams is a step-by-step, plain language guide to the creation of conditions in which wetland plants will thrive, from design and construction to collecting plants, seeds and propagation.
Completely revised and expanded, this new edition includes comprehensive information for around 200 genera of wetland plants from Tasmania to the tropics, complemented by more than 60 new colour photographs. It discusses the modification and improvement of existing dams, new lining materials available, and planning for plant and animal habitat needs. It provides updated information on legal requirements as well as significant exotic weeds, and examines the pros and cons of establishing new wetlands in dry climates.