bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTERPRETACIÓN DE LA NORMA DE ACOMPAÑAMIENTO, RESPECTO DE LA PRESENCIA DE MADRES, PADRES O CUIDADORES, EN PROCEDIMIENTOS INVASIVOS PEDIÁTRICOS: ANÁLISIS BAJO PRISMA BIOÉTICO
Authors: Inostroza Herrera Pía , Rivas-Riveros Edith Elina , Catalán Monsalve Sandra Paulina
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN: Se han desarrollado diversas investigaciones relacionadas con la presencia familiar en la atención de pacientes pediátricos, en ocasiones es posible presenciar momentos de tensión al aceptar o no la presencia de madres en procedimientos invasivos. En Chile, la ley 20.584 menciona el derecho de compañía de familiares durante la hospitalización, sin embargo, no especifica si ha de cumplirse en caso de realización de procedimientos invasivos; además, las normativas varían entre los diferentes centros de salud. OBJETIVO: Develar cuál es la interpretación de la norma hospitalaria de acompañamiento en enfermeras, respecto de la presencia de madres, padres o cuidadores durante procedimientos invasivos pediátricos: análisis bajo prisma bioético, de un hospital del sur de Chile. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio cualitativo con diseño fenomenológico basado en la filosofía de Husserl quien plantea un método descriptivo; para el análisis de la información se utilizaron los pasos de Streubert y Carpenter, basados en tres conceptos claves: esencias, intuición y reducción fenomenológica. La saturación de la información se logró con 9 participantes. RESULTADOS: se develaron 2 categorías: Significado de la norma de acompañamiento y comportamientos de la madre, padre y/o cuidador principal. CONCLUSIÓN: La presencia de madres, padres o cuidadores es controversial, existiendo argumentos a favor y en contra de esta práctica, la experiencia está directamente relacionada a la bioética profesional y personal. Los hallazgos develan la necesidad de capacitación continua en humanización del cuidado y la creación de protocolos por escrito consensuados con los profesionales del área.
IMPORTANCIA DE LA ATENCIÓN INTEGRAL DE ENFERMERÍA EN ADULTOS MAYORES RESIDENTES DE ESTABLECIMIENTOS PARA ANCIANOS
Authors: Arroyo Cruz Francisco Javier , Morales Rodríguez María Claudia
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. El proceso de institucionalización de un adulto mayor es comprendido como una transición compleja, la cual involucra el ingreso de la persona a un hogar para ancianos, lo que coloca al individuo frente a una serie de desafíos, en este nuevo contexto, el papel del cuidador recae en el personal de enfermería, entonces, la finalidad primordial de una enfermera o enfermero que labora en una institución es el abordaje integral de las necesidades de los residentes. PROPÓSITO. Evidenciar la importancia de la atención integral de enfermería en los adultos mayores institucionalizados. DESARROLLO. El envejecimiento dentro de un hogar para ancianos involucra modificaciones físicas, sociales y psicoemocionales, en este sentido, la salud puede haberse deteriorado, así mismo, probablemente se han perdido algunas amistades o familiares, en algunos casos el cónyuge, la espiritualidad puede resultar de gran ayuda, ya que se encuentra ampliamente relacionada con la trascendencia. También, es importante que en el hogar para ancianos exista un lugar identificado para la recreación, donde se propicie el intercambio de ideas o vivencias entre adultos mayores, esto puede aportar en el bienestar físico y mental. El hablar de atención integral del residente de un hogar para ancianos requiere una gran competencia y representa importantes desafíos en el personal de enfermería, ya que, aunado a los cuidados que el adulto mayor demanda, se requiere estar capacitado para comprender el fenómeno de envejecimiento en este contexto. CONCLUSIÓN. La atención integral del adulto mayor en el hogar para ancianos puede resultar útil para incrementar el bienestar y calidad de vida.
A Rare Case of Pleomorphic Adenoma in the Left Submandibular Salivary Gland
Authors: Manigandan J , Farook A , Natarajan R
Published: May 2024

Pleomorphic adenomas, which are benign tumours of the salivary glands, are most commonly found in the parotid gland and comparatively infrequently seen in the submandibular gland. These benign mixed tumours, known as pleomorphic tumours, are composed of different types of myoepithelium, epithelium, and mesenchyme. Regardless of the histologic type, parotid gland neoplasms result in distinct swellings in front of and below the ear. With the exception of neglected malignant tumours, both benign and malignant lesions are normally palpable when they are first discovered. Malignancies are often discovered more quickly due to their rapid growth, even though benign tumours are known to exist for many months to years before gaining clinical attention. Ultimately, there are no reliable clinical criteria to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. A 58-year-old female patient presented to the general surgery outpatient department with a six-month history of a firm, palpable, slow-growing, painless, freely mobile mass in the submandibular region that was not attached to the surrounding tissue, bone, or skin. There was no significant past history, and the patient was not on any medication. Axial and coronal views of the Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed a well-defined radiolucent mass in the medial aspect of the left submandibular gland. The patient underwent surgical exploration and excision of the mass under general anaesthesia, and the excised specimen was sent for histopathological examination. The entire gland was dissected freely and removed, with utmost care taken not to affect the nearby neurovascular structures. No enlarged lymph nodes were noted. The histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen revealed features of pleomorphic adenoma. Surgery is the treatment of choice for pleomorphic adenoma, and the tumour tissue must be completely removed because any residual tumour tissue has a high risk of recurrence or transformation into a malignant tumour. The patient was followed up for more than two years with no signs of recurrence.
Clinico-Bacteriological Study of Sepsis in VLBW Neonates in Tertiary Care NICU in Central India: A Descriptive Observational Study
Authors: Kadam Nivedita Shankar , Madavi Dipak Narayan , Subuhi Shamama
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the most serious challenges in maternal and child health in developing countries. Neonatal sepsis is responsible for about 30-50% of the total neonatal deaths in developing countries. Given the high prevalence of Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) neonates and the increasing incidence of sepsis in this population, there is a need to study the clinical and bacteriological profile of sepsis. Aim: To study the clinico-bacteriological profile of neonatal sepsis in VLBW neonates (Birth weight <1500 gm) in a tertiary care NICU in central India. Materials and Methods: The descriptive observational study was conducted among VLBW neonates with clinically suspected sepsis admitted to the NICU of Indira Gandhi Government Medical College and Mayo Hospital in Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, from November 2019 to October 2021. All 160 VLBW neonates with clinically suspected sepsis and positive sepsis screen consisting of four parameters {Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC), Total Leucocyte Count (TLC), Immature/Total Neutrophil Ratio (I/T Ratio), C-Reactive Protein (CRP)+} and whose mothers provided informed consent were included in the study within 24 hours of admission. Details such as demographic data, maternal risk factors and type of delivery, clinical signs of sepsis presentation, any Central Nervous System (CNS) signs, day of onset of sepsis, sepsis screen parameters (CRP, TLC, ANC, I/T Ratio), blood culture, and Cerebro-spinal Fluid (CSF) examination findings were studied. Continuous variables were evaluated using the student t-test, and categorical variables were evaluated using the chi-square test. Results: There were 96 (60%) males and 64 (40%) females. In the sepsis screen parameters, the majority of the neonates were CRP positive 148 (92.3%) followed by TLC positive among 119 (74.38%) neonates. Lethargy was the most common clinical presentation among 147 (91.88%) neonates followed by difficulty in feeding among 121 (75.63%) neonates. Blood culture was positive among 61 (38.13%) neonates, and Escherichia coli was the most common organism isolated among 21 (34.43%) neonates. Conclusion: The most common clinical presentation of neonatal sepsis was lethargy followed by difficulty in feeding. In the present study, the most common organism isolated was E.coli.
Determinants of Financial Inclusion in Kenya: A Demand-Side Perspective
Authors: Njenga John K. , Irungu Esther N.
Published: May 2024

This study sought to analyze the underlying financial inclusion determinants in Kenya. The study applies ordinal logit regression to examine the effect of the residential area, gender, education level, marital status, and employment type on financial inclusion. Financial inclusion is measured by developing a financial inclusion index for ten binary financial services variables. From the index, three financial inclusion levels are designed. These include low financial inclusion with scores of zero to three, medium with scores of four to six, and high level with scores of seven to ten. The estimates of the ordinal model are statistically significant for all factors considered except gender. Area of residence, age, education type, income, and marital status positively affect the log odds of financial inclusion, while employment is negatively linked. Education, employment, and marital status have interaction effects on financial inclusion. This study recommends that the Kenyan government formulate and strengthen policies to tackle challenges such as gender disparity, rural bank infrastructure development, fostering an environment conducive for entrepreneurship to address unemployment and income disparities, advocating for secondary school completion, and addressing social issues impacting family stability, including separation or the absence of marriage.
Effect of Mulberry Stalk Biochar on Soil Nutrients Status and Productivity of Mulberry (Morus alba L.)
Authors: R Nandini , K L Shaziya , Lamani Hanumanta D , Prakasha H C
Published: May 2024

Biochar as an organic amendment improves soil attributes, with a potentially significant effect on soil fertility. The main objective of this study was to quantify the effect of biochar addition on nutrients status in mulberry cultivated soil. A field experiment was conducted in the mulberry crop to know the effect of soil application of mulberry stalk biochar on nutrients build up in soil at farmer’s field at Sidlaghatta (TQ), Chikkaballapura District during 2020-2021 (rabi2020, summer and kharif-2021). A randomized block design was employed with eight treatments replicated thrice T1: Control (NPK375:140:140 kg ha-1 alone) T2: POP (FYM (25 t ha-1) + NPK 375:140:140 kg ha-1) T3: Soil application of biochar @ 5 t ha-1T4: Soil application of biochar @ 7.5 t ha-1 T5: Soil application of biochar @ 10 t ha-1T6: Soil application of biochar @ 5 t ha-1   + FYM @ 10 t ha-1T7: Soil application of biochar @7.5 t ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1T8: Soil application of biochar @ 10 t ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1NPK is common for all the treatments.  Combined soil application of biochar @ 10 t ha-1 and FYM @ 10 t ha-1 (T8) increased the leaf yield (13.07 t ha-1) by 21 %  over control (10.45 t ha-1 Significantly higher soil primary, secondary and micronutrients were recorded in T8 (soil application of biochar @ 10 t ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1) followed by treatment T7 which received soil application of biochar @ 7.5 t ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1. The lower soil primary, secondary and micronutrients were recorded in T1 which is devoid of biochar. The findings revealed that utilization of mulberry stalk as a biochar has positive effect on the improvement of nutrient status and it could partly replace chemical fertilizers and promote organic farming in a circular economy concept.
Prevalence of HBV Co-infections with HCV and HIV among Blood Donors in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: O. P Famoni , J. M. A Oyinloye , P. A Okiki , G. O Daramola , A. O Ojerinde , O. D Ajayi
Published: May 2024

Blood is a life-saving resource. Despite the significance of blood transfusion in saving a millions life in emergencies and medical treatment, the safety of blood transfusion faced challenges of transmitting life threatening transfusion transmissible infectious agents such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The study was carried out to determine the sero-prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV and co-infections among blood donors in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. A total of five hundred (500) prospective blood donors age ranged from 18 to 60 years attending Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital between May to November, 2019 were recruited for the study. Prospective study was based on questionnaires administered to generate socio-demographics and a 5ml venous blood samples were obtained from each blood donors and the plasma was used for determination of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV using immunoassay rapid test kit (RTK) Diaspot, Belgium and HIV-1 and HIV-2 Determine Alere Medical ,Japan and further tested with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Biorad Monolisa, France). The prevalence of  HBV, HCV and HIV were 4.8%, 1.2% and 1.8%  respectively, while co-infections with  HBV/ HIV and HBV/HCV were 0.2% and 0.2% respectively and there was no case of triple infections among the blood donors. The incidence rate was high in HBV followed by HIV and HCV. The use of RTK and ELISA for screening of blood donor for HBsAg, anti HCV and HIV in terms of their sensitively and specificity showed that ELISA is more sensitive than RTK while RTK is more specific than ELISA. From the retrospective study age and  gender distribution was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). A significance difference was observed between married blood donors and HIV infection (P < 0.05) and also blood donors with history of blood transfusion showed statistical significant to HBV and HCV (P < 0.05). The prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections among blood donors were found to be statistically associated with smoking, alcohol consumption, surgical operation, multiple sex partners and tattooing (P < 0.05). This study shows that the prevalence of  HBV infection in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State ,Nigeria was higher than HCV and HIV, hence there is need to increase public awareness of the socio-cultural practices that contribute to the transmission of infection.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Oxindoles Bearing a Tetrasubstituted Stereocenter at the C‐3 Position
Authors: Zhou Feng , Liu Yun‐Lin , Zhou Jian
Published: May 2010

The 3,3′‐disubstituted oxindole structural motif is a prominent feature in many alkaloid natural products, which include all kinds of tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters, spirocyclic or not, all‐carbon or heteroatom‐containing. The catalytic asymmetric synthesis of the tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenter at the C‐3 position of the oxindole framework integrates new synthetic methods and chiral catalysts, reflects the latest achievements in asymmetric catalysis, and facilitates the synthesis of sufficient quantities of related compounds as potential medicinal agents and biological probes. This review summarizes the recent progress in this area, and applications in the total synthesis of related bioactive compounds.
Simple Preparation of Dimeric Cinchona Alkaloid Derivatives on Polystyrene Supports and a Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Heterogeneous Dimerization of Ketenes
Authors: Jumde Ravindra P. , Mandoli Alessandro , De Lorenzi Federica , Pini Dario , Salvadori Piero
Published: May 2010

A convenient route for the covalent immobilization of quinidine and hydroquinidine pyridazine ethers on insoluble polystyrene supports is described, which avoids the need of chromatographic purifications at any stage. The use of the heterogeneized alkaloid derivatives in the asymmetric organocatalytic dimerization of ketenes afforded high enantioselectivity values (90–97% ee) in the course of 20 reaction cycles.
The influence of cam geometry and operating conditions on chaotic mixing of viscous fluids in a twin cam mixer
Authors: Robinson Martin , Cleary Paul W.
Published: May 2010

Smooth particle hydrodynamica (SPH) simulations were used to better understand the mixing performance of a class of two‐dimensional Twin Cam mixers. The chaotic manifolds of the flow are used to describe the mixing and to identify isolated regions. For an equilateral triangle cam geometry, a figure‐eight manifold structure traps a layer of fluid against the cam boundaries. Changes in the differential rotation and phase offsets between the cams results in modest improvements in the mixing rate across the manifold barrier. Reducing the apex angle of the triangle changes the manifold structure and allows the trapped layer of fluid to mix more effectively with the rest of the domain. This article shows that examining the chaotic manifolds within a typical industrial mixer can provide valuable insight into both the transient and long‐term mixing processes, leading to a more focused exploration of possible mixer configurations and to practical improvements in mixing efficiency. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Permeation properties of hydrogen and water vapor through porous silica membranes at high temperatures
Authors: Tsuru Toshinori , Igi Ryousuke , Kanezashi Masakoto , Yoshioka Tomohisa , Fujisaki Shinji , iwamoto Yuji
Published: May 2010

Silica and cobalt‐doped silica membranes that showed a high permeance of 1.8 × 10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 and a H2/N2 permeance ratio of ∼730, with excellent hydrothermal stability under steam pressure of 300 kPa, were successfully prepared. The permeation mechanism of gas molecules, focusing particularly on hydrogen and water vapor, was investigated in the 300–500°C range and is discussed based on the activation energy of permeation and the selectivity of gaseous molecules. The activation energy of H2 permeation correlated well with the permeance ratio of He/H2 for porous silica membranes prepared by sol–gel processing, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and vitreous glasses, indicating that similar amorphous silica network structures were formed. The permeance ratios of H2/H2O were found to range from 5 to 40, that is, hydrogen (kinetic diameter: 0.289 nm) was always more permeable than water (0.265 nm). © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Mixing in tangentially crossing microchannels
Authors: Lee Denz , Chen Yu Tzu
Published: May 2010

In this study, we have demonstrated that effective mixing can be achieved in simple and regular crossing channels. The dynamical processes combining split‐and‐recombine and chaotic mixing elements of stretching and folding were discussed. In channels with simple turns (up/down/right/left), flow could be stretched; on the other hand, tangential crossings could yield folding. Theoretically, repeating stretching and folding then result in the increase of interfacial area and decrease of striation thickness which facilitate the eventual mixing by diffusion. Practically, the structural sequence of turning and/or crossing affects the performance of the mixing. Three types of micromixers were studied, and the simulated performance was favorably compared with the published data. Experiments were carried out to qualitatively demonstrate the typical performance in the mixers. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Remote actuation of hydrogel nanocomposites: Heating analysis, modeling, and simulations
Authors: Satarkar Nitin S. , Meenach Samantha A. , Anderson Kimberly W. , Hilt J. Zach
Published: May 2010

Recently, there has been increasing interest in remote heating of polymer nanocomposites for applications such as actuators, microfluidic valves, drug delivery devices, and hyperthermia treatment of cancer. In this study, magnetic hydrogel nanocomposites of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with varying amounts of iron oxide nanoparticle loadings were synthesized. The nanocomposites were remotely heated using an alternating magnetic field (AMF) at three different AMF amplitudes, and the resultant temperatures were recorded. The rate of the temperature rise and the steady state temperatures were analyzed with a heat transfer model, and a correlation of heat generation per unit mass with the nanoparticle loadings was established for different AMF amplitudes. The temperature rise data of a PEG system with different swelling properties were found to be accurately predicted by the model. Furthermore, the correlations were used to simulate the temperatures of the nanocomposite and the surrounding tissue for potential hyperthermia cancer treatment applications. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Synthesis of PVC‐TEPA‐supported proline derivative and its catalytic behavior in the direct asymmetric aldol reaction
Authors: Zou Jun , Zhao Wenshan , Li Runtao , Zhang Hefeng , Cui Yuanchen
Published: May 2010

PVC‐TEPA‐supported L‐proline catalyst has been synthesized and characterized by IR. It is developed as an efficient catalyst for the direct asymmetric aldol reaction of unmodified ketones with various aldehydes in the presence of water at 0°C. The corresponding aldol products were obtained with high yields (up to 94%) and good enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee) on optimized conditions. Recycling investigations have shown that this material can be reused without loss of catalytic activity and stereoselectivity for at least 15 cycles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis of polyundecamethylene 2,6‐naphthalamide as semiaromatic polyamide‐containing naphthalene ring
Authors: Yang Shaohui , Fu Peng , Liu Minying , Wang Yudong , Zhao Qingxiang
Published: May 2010

A novel engineering plastic polyundecamethylene 2,6‐naphthalamide (PA11N) was prepared via a reaction of 2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylic acid and 1,11‐undecanediamine through a three‐step procedure. The structure of synthesized PA11N was characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR). The thermal behaviors were determined by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The solubility, water‐absorbing capacity, and mechanical properties of PA11N have also been investigated. Melting temperature (Tm), glass transition temperature (Tg), and decomposition temperature (Td) of PA11N are 294, 139, and 493°C, respectively. The results show that the heat resistance and mechanical properties of PA11N are near to those of polynonamethylene terephthalamide, and PA11N is a promising heat‐resistant and processable engineering plastic. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Flame retarded epoxy resins by adding layered silicate in combination with the conventional protection‐layer‐building flame retardants melamine borate and ammonium polyphosphate
Authors: Schartel B. , Weiß A. , Mohr F. , Kleemeier M. , Hartwig A. , Braun U.
Published: May 2010

The pyrolysis and flammability of phosphonium‐modified layered silicate epoxy resin nanocomposites (EP/LS) were evaluated when LS was combined with two flame retardants, melamine borate (MB) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP), that also act via a surface protection layer. Thermogravimetry (TG), TG coupled with Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (TG‐FTIR), oxygen index (LOI), UL 94 burning chamber (UL 94) and cone calorimeter were used. The glassy coating because of 10 wt % MB during combustion showed effects in the cone calorimeter test similar to nanodispersed LS, and somewhat better flame retardancy in flammability tests, such as LOI and UL 94. Adding APP to EP resulted in intumescent systems. The fire retardancy was particularly convincing when 15 wt % APP was used, especially for low external heat flux, and thus, also in flammability tests like LOI and UL 94. V0 classification is achieved when 15 wt % APP is used in EP. The flame retardancy efficiency of the protection layers formed does not increase linearly with the MB and APP concentrations used. The combination of LS with MB or APP shows antagonism; thus the performance of the combination of LS with MB or APP, respectively, was disappointing. No optimization of the carbonaceous‐inorganic surface layer occurred for LS‐MB. Combining LS with APP inhibited the intumescence, most probably through an increase in viscosity clearly above the value needed for intumescent behavior. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Scopus's source normalized impact per paper (SNIP) versus a journal impact factor based on fractional counting of citations
Authors: Leydesdorff Loet , Opthof Tobias
Published: May 2010

Impact factors (and similar measures such as the Scimago Journal Rankings) suffer from two problems: (a) citation behavior varies among fields of science and, therefore, leads to systematic differences, and (b) there are no statistics to inform us whether differences are significant. The recently introduced “source normalized impact per paper” indicator of Scopus tries to remedy the first of these two problems, but a number of normalization decisions are involved, which makes it impossible to test for significance. Using fractional counting of citations—based on the assumption that impact is proportionate to the number of references in the citing documents—citations can be contextualized at the paper level and aggregated impacts of sets can be tested for their significance. It can be shown that the weighted impact of Annals of Mathematics (0.247) is not so much lower than that of Molecular Cell (0.386) despite a five‐f old difference between their impact factors (2.793 and 13.156, respectively).
Asymmetric Catalytic Aziridination of Cyclic Enones
Authors: De Vincentiis Francesco , Bencivenni Giorgio , Pesciaioli Fabio , Mazzanti Andrea , Bartoli Giuseppe , Galzerano Patrizia , Melchiorre Paolo
Published: May 2010

The first catalytic method for the asymmetric aziridination of cyclic enones is described. The presented organocatalytic strategy is based on the use of an easily available organocatalyst that is able to convert a wide range of cyclic enones into the desired aziridines with very high enantiomeric purity and good chemical yield. Such a method may very well open up new opportunities to stereoselectively prepare complex chiral molecules that possess an indane moiety, a framework that is found in a large number of bioactive and pharmaceutically important molecules
Intramolecular Scrambling of Aryl Groups in Organopalladium Complexes [ArPd(PPh3)2]+: From Solution to the Gas Phase, Back Again, and In‐Between
Authors: Agrawal Divya , Zins Emilie‐Laure , Schröder Detlef
Published: May 2010

Gas‐phase experiments are used to probe the intramolecular scrambling of aryl groups between palladium and phosphorus in organopalladium complexes, [ArPd(PPh3)2]+, generated by means of electrospray ionization (ESI). To this aim, ESI mass spectrometry, including tandem mass spectrometric experiments, were carried out on deuterated, non‐deuterated, and substituted [ArPd(PPh3)2]+ complexes. The fragment ions obtained from the deuterated parent ions clearly show the occurrence of intramolecular scrambling between the aryl group bound to palladium and the phenyl groups of the phosphine in the gas phase. Fragmentation pathways, supported by a statistical model, are proposed to explain these migrations and the implications for the condensed‐phase chemistry are probed experimentally by using ESI mass spectrometry.
N‐isopropylacrylamide‐based thermoresponsive polyelectrolyte multilayer films for human mesenchymal stem cell expansion
Authors: Liao Tianqing , Moussallem Maroun D. , Kim Junho , Schlenoff Joseph B. , Ma Teng
Published: May 2010

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are colony‐forming unit fibroblasts (CFU‐F) derived from adult bone marrow and have significant potential for many cell‐based tissue‐engineering applications. Their therapeutic potential, however, is restricted by their diminishing plasticity as they are expanded in culture. In this study, we used N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM)‐based thermoresponsive polyelectrolyte multilayer (N‐PEMU) films as culture substrates to support hMSC expansion and evaluated their effects on cell properties. The N‐PEMU films were made via layer‐by‐layer adsorption of thermoresponsive monomers copolymerized with charged monomers, positively charged allylamine hydrochloride (PAH), or negatively charged styrene sulfonic acid (PSS) and compared to fetal bovine serum (FBS) coated surfaces. Surface charges were shown to alter the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and subsequently regulate hMSC responses including adhesion, proliferation, integrin expression, detachment, and colony forming ability. The positively charged thermal responsive surfaces improved cell adhesion and growth in a range comparable to control surfaces while maintaining significantly higher CFU‐F forming ability. Immunostaining and Western blot results indicate that the improved cell adhesion and growth on the positively charged surfaces resulted from the elevated adhesion of ECM proteins such as fibronectin on the positively charge surfaces. These results demonstrate that the layer‐by‐layer approach is an efficient way to form PNIPAM‐based thermal responsive surfaces for hMSC growth and removal without enzymatic treatment. The results also show that surface charge regulates ECM adhesion, which in turn influences not only cell adhesion but also CFU‐forming ability and their multi‐lineage differentiation potential. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
A new approach to outdoor illumination estimation based on statistical analysis for augmented reality
Authors: Liu Yanli , Qin Xueying , Xing Guanyu , Peng Qunsheng
Published: May 2010

Illumination consistency plays an important role in realistic rendering of virtual characters which are integrated into a live video of real scene. This paper proposes a novel method for estimating the illumination conditions of outdoor videos captured by a fixed viewpoint. We first derive an analytical model which relates the statistics of an image to the lighting parameters of the scene adhering to the basic illumination model. Exploiting this model, we then develop a framework to estimate the lighting conditions of live videos. In order to apply the above approach to scenes containing dynamic objects such as intrusive pedestrians and swaying trees, we enforce two constraints, namely spatial and temporal illumination coherence, to refine the solution. Our approach requires no geometric information of the scenes and is sufficient for real‐time performance. Experiments show that with the lighting parameters recovered by our method, virtual characters can be seamlessly integrated into the live video. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolved Diversification of a Modular Natural Product Pathway: Apratoxins F and G, Two Cytotoxic Cyclic Depsipeptides from a Palmyra Collection ofLyngbya bouillonii
Authors: Tidgewell Kevin , Engene Niclas , Byrum Tara , Media Joseph , Doi Takayuki , Valeriote Fred A. , Gerwick William H.
Published: May 2010

A collection ofLyngbya bouilloniifrom Palmyra Atoll in the Central Pacific, a site several thousand kilometers distant from all previous collections of this chemically prolific species of cyanobacterium, was found to contain two new cancer cell cytotoxins of the apratoxin family. The structures of the new compounds, apratoxins F and G, were determined by 1D and 2D NMR techniques in combination with mass spectrometric methods. Stereochemistry was explored by using chromatographic analyses of the hydrolytically released fragments in combination with NMR and optical rotation comparisons with known members of the apratoxin family. Apratoxins F and G add fresh insights into the SAR of this family because they incorporate anN‐methyl alanine residue at a position where all prior apratoxins have possessed a proline unit, yet they retain high potency as cytotoxins to H‐460 cancer cells with IC50values of 2 and 14 nM, respectively. Additional assays using zone inhibition of cancer cells and clonogenic cells give a comparison of the activities of apratoxin F to apratoxin A. Additionally, the clonogenic studies in combination with maximum tolerated dose (MTD) studies provided insights as to dosing schedules that should be used for in vivo studies, and preliminary in vivo evaluation validated the predicted in vivo efficacy for apratoxin A. These new apratoxins are illustrative of a mechanism (the modification of an NRPS adenylation domain specificity pocket) for evolving a biosynthetic pathway so as to diversify the suite of expressed secondary metabolites.
Sum of ranking differences for method discrimination and its validation: comparison of ranks with random numbers
Authors: Héberger Károly , Kollár‐Hunek Klára
Published: May 2010

This paper describes the theoretical background, algorithm and validation of a recently developed novel method of ranking based on the sum of ranking differences [TrAC Trends Anal. Chem. 2010; 29: 101–109]. The ranking is intended to compare models, methods, analytical techniques, panel members, etc. and it is entirely general. First, the objects to be ranked are arranged in the rows and the variables (for example model results) in the columns of an input matrix. Then, the results of each model for each object are ranked in the order of increasing magnitude. The difference between the rank of the model results and the rank of the known, reference or standard results is then computed. (If the golden standard ranking is known the rank differences can be completed easily.) In the end, the absolute values of the differences are summed together for all models to be compared. The sum of ranking differences (SRD) arranges the models in a unique and unambiguous way. The closer the SRD value to zero (i.e. the closer the ranking to the golden standard), the better is the model. The proximity of SRD values shows similarity of the models, whereas large variation will imply dissimilarity. Generally, the average can be accepted as the golden standard in the absence of known or reference results, even if bias is also present in the model results in addition to random error. Validation of the SRD method can be carried out by using simulated random numbers for comparison (permutation test). A recursive algorithm calculates the discrete distribution for a small number of objects (n < 14), whereas the normal distribution is used as a reasonable approximation if the number of objects is large. The theoretical distribution is visualized for random numbers and can be used to identify SRD values for models that are far from being random. The ranking and validation procedures are called Sum of Ranking differences (SRD) and Comparison of Ranks by Random Numbers (CRNN), respectively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Reusable DNA Single‐Walled Carbon‐Nanotube‐Based Fluorescent Sensor for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Ag+ and Cysteine in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Zhao Chao , Qu Konggang , Song Yujun , Xu Can , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: May 2010

Here we report a reusable DNA single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)‐based fluorescent sensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of Ag+ and cysteine (Cys) in aqueous solution. SWNTs can effectively quench the fluorescence of dye‐labeled single‐stranded DNA due to their strong π–π stacking interactions. However, upon incubation with Ag+, Ag+ can induce stable duplex formation mediated by C–Ag+–C (C=cytosine) coordination chemistry, which has been further confirmed by DNA melting studies. This weakens the interactions between DNA and SWNTs, and thus activates the sensor fluorescence. On the other hand, because Cys is a strong Ag+ binder, it can remove Ag+ from C–Ag+–C base pairs and deactivates the sensor fluorescence by rewrapping the dye‐labeled oligonucleotides around the SWNT. In this way, the fluorescence signal‐on and signal‐off of a DNA/SWNT sensor can be used to detect aqueous Ag+ and Cys, respectively. This sensing platform exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity toward Ag+ and Cys versus other metal ions and the other 19 natural amino acids, with a limit of detection of 1 nM for Ag+ and 9.5 nM for Cys. Based on these results, we have constructed a reusable fluorescent sensor by using the covalent‐linked SWNT–DNA conjugates according to the same sensing mechanism. There is no report on the use of SWNT–DNA assays for the detection of Ag+ and Cys. This assay is simple, effective, and reusable, and can in principle be used to detect other metal ions by substituting C–C base pairs with other native or artificial bases that selectively bind to other metal ions.
Organocatalyzed Cyclopropanation of α‐Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes: Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclopropanes Bearing a Chiral Quaternary Center
Authors: Terrasson Vincent , van der Lee Arie , Marcia de Figueiredo Renata , Campagne Jean Marc
Published: May 2010

An enantioselective cyclopropanation of α‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with bromomalonate has been successfully developed through a domino Michael/α‐alkylation strategy. The method allows the efficient formation of cyclopropanes bearing a quaternary carbon stereocenter at the α‐position of the aldehydes by using iminium/enamine catalysis and gives a nice extension on the organocatalytic cyclopropanation of bromomalonate and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes previously reported by other groups. Very good yields (up to 81 %) and enantioselectivities (up to 97 % ee) have been obtained. The optically active cyclopropane derivatives are of high synthetic interest as useful targets for further elaboration into more complex structures.
Influence of Process Parameters on the Reaction Kinetics of the Chromium‐Catalyzed Trimerization of Ethylene
Authors: Wöhl Anina , Müller Wolfgang , Peitz Stephan , Peulecke Normen , Aluri Bhaskar R. , Müller Bernd H. , Heller Detlef , Rosenthal Uwe , Al‐Hazmi Mohammed H. , Mosa Fuad M.
Published: May 2010

In this paper we report the results of an extensive experimental kinetic study carried out on the novel ethylene trimerization catalyst system, comprising the chromium source [CrCl3(thf)3] (thf=tetrahydrofuran), a Ph2P‐N(iPr)‐P(Ph)‐N(iPr)H (PNPNH) ligand (Ph=phenyl, iPr=isopropyl), and triethylaluminum (AlEt3) as activator. It could be shown that the initial activity shows a first‐order dependency on the ethylene concentration. Also, a first‐order dependency was found for the catalyst concentration. The initial activity follows a typical Arrhenius behavior with an experimentally determined activation energy of 52.6 kJ mol−1. At elevated temperatures (ca. 80 °C), a significant deactivation was observed, which can be tentatively traced back to a ligand rearrangement in the presence of AlEt3. After a fast initial phase, a pronounced ‘kink’ in the ethylene‐uptake curve is observed, followed by a slow, almost linear, further increase of the total ethylene consumption. The catalyst composition, in particular the ligand/chromium and the cocatalyst/chromium molar ratio, has a strong impact on the catalytic performance of the trimerization of ethylene.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Hydroxyphthalimide‐Catalyzed Radical Addition of 1,3‐Dioxolanes and Molecular Oxygen to Alkenes under Ambient Conditions: A New Route to β‐Oxycarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Hirano Kazutaka , Iwahama Takahiro , Sakaguchi Satoshi , Ishii Yasutaka
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Pyridoquinoxalines, Thienopyridoquinoxalines and Pyrimidothienopyridoquinoxalines.
Authors: Moustafa O. S. , Badr M. Z. A. , Kamel E. M.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Cyclizations of Methylenecyclopropyl Azetidinones — Synthesis of Novel Tricyclic β‐Lactams.
Authors: Penfold David J. , Pike Kurt , Genge Anthony , Anson Mike , Kitteringham John , Kilburn Jeremy D.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Allylsilanes from Cl2 [P(C6H11)3]2Ru=C(R)H and Vinylsilanes — β‐SiR′3 Elimination from Ruthenacyclobutanes as a Terminating Step in Olefin Cross‐Metathesis.
Authors: Pietraszuk Cezary , Fischer Helmut
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of the First Phthalocyanine—Nucleobase Conjugates.
Authors: Li Xi‐you , Ng Dennis K. P.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of α,β‐Substituted β‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Agami Claude , Cheramy Sandrine , Dechoux Luc , Melaimi Mohand
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Promoter, Heteropoly Acid, Mediated Chemo‐ and Stereoselective Sulfoxide Glycosidation Reactions.
Authors: Nagai Hideyuki , Matsumura Shuichi , Toshima Kazunobu
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Prenylisoflavones: Syntheses of Luteone and Luteone Hydrate.
Authors: Tsukayama Masao , Wada Hironari , Kishida Masashi , Nishiuchi Masaki , Kawamura Yasuhiko
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Conformation of C‐Glycosyl Compounds
Authors: Jimenez‐Barbero Jesus , Espinosa Juan Felix , Asensio Juan Luis , Canada Francisco Javier , Poveda Ana
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Hydrogenation of Oxyallyl Intermediates: The Reductive Nazarov Cyclization.
Authors: Giese Soeren , West F. G.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Antitumor Activity of Novel 2,4‐Diamino‐1,3,5‐triazine Derivatives.
Authors: Brzozowski Z. , Saczewski F. , Gdaniec M.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Carbopalladation Across Vinylsilane: Dual Role of the 2‐PyMe2Si Group as a Directing Group and as a Phase Tag.
Authors: Itami Kenichiro , Mitsudo Koichi , Kamei Toshiyuki , Koike Tooru , Nokami Toshiki , Yoshida Jun‐ichi
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Non‐Natural O‐Glycosylamino Acids Derived from n‐Pentenyl Glycosides; Model Studies and Proof of Principle for Glycopeptide Synthesis.
Authors: Allen Jennifer R. , Danishefsky Samuel J.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Medicinal Foodstuffs. Part 19. Absolute Stereostructures of Canavalioside, a New Ent‐Kaurane‐Type Diterpene Glycoside, and Gladiatosides A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, and C2, New Acylated Flavonol Glycosides, from Sword Bean, the Seeds of Canavalia gladiata.
Authors: Murakami Toshiyuki , Kohno Kentarou , Kishi Akinobu , Matsuda Hisashi , Yoshikawa Masayuki
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High Oxidation State Transition Metal Fluorides
Authors: Zemva Boris
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Magnetic Phase Transitions in Ni—Mn—Ga Shape‐Memory Alloys
Authors: Manosa Lluis , Planes Antoni
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Large‐Scale Use of Diazomethane in Pharmaceutical Production
Authors: Archibald T. G.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.