bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Kebijakan Pemerintah dan Peran Serta Masyarakat terhadap Kualitas Lingkungan Pesisir Benoa Badung Bali
Authors: Suryani Anih Sri
Published: June 2020

Management of coastal and coastline is very important in Indonesia, an archipelago country with the longest coastline in the world. Moreover, conditions in some coastal areas in Indonesia have decreased the environment quality for example in the Benoa Region of Bali. This paper aims to quantify the influence of government policies and community participation on the quality of the coastal environment in Benoa Badung Bali Region in the perspective of sustainable development. The quantitative method with the questionnaire instrument was carried out in this study. The results showed that the size of the index for government policy in the Benoa Region was 67.45 (sufficient), the community participation index 78.06 (good), the water condition index 72.78 (good) and the land condition index 74.62 (good). Statistical analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between government policy and community participation in the quality of the coastal and coastal environment (r=0,541). Government policies and community participation have  positive effect on the condition of the quality of the coastal and coastal environment. Various community empowerment activities and programs and government policies in the Benoa Region, for example the Yasa Segara Pokmaswas group, the development of conservation tourism in Badung, fisheries business development have fulfilled the principles of sustainable development in terms of economic, social/community participation and the environment.AbtrakPengelolaan pesisir dan pantai sangat penting di Indonesia yang merupakan daerah kepulauan dengan garis pantai terpanjang di dunia. Terlebih kondisi di sebagian pesisir di Indonesia kualitas lingkungannya menurun seperti di Kawasan Benoa Badung Bali. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menghitung pengaruh kebijakan pemerintah dan peran serta masyarakat terhadap kualitas lingkungan pesisir di Kawasan Benoa Badung Bali. Metode kuantitatif dengan instrumen kuesioner dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa besaran indeks untuk kebijakan pemerintah di Kawasan Benoa adalah 67,45 (cukup), indeks peran serta masyarakat 78,06 (baik), indeks kondisi perairan 72,78 (baik) dan indeks kondisi daratan 74,62 (baik). Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kebijakan pemerintah dan peran serta masyarakat terhadap kualitas lingkungan pesisir dan pantai (r=0,541). Kebijakan pemerintah dan peran serta masyarakat berpengaruh positif terhadap kondisi kualitas lingkungan pesisir dan pantai. Berbagai kegiatan dan program pemberdayaan masyarakat dan kebijakan pemerintah di Kawasan Benoa misalnya adanya kelompok Pokmaswas Yasa Segara, pengembangan wisata konservasi di Badung, pengembangan usaha perikanan telah memenuhi prinsip-prinsip pembangunan pesisir secara terpadu dan berkelanjutan.
Hubungan Religiositas dan Kesehatan Mental pada Remaja Pesantren di Tabanan
Authors: Winurini Sulis
Published: June 2020

Many studies prove that religiosity is related to mental health. Islamic boarding schools are considered capable of strengthening religiosity in adolescents. Many parents put their children into Islamic boarding schools in the hope that their children will be positive adults. The problem that must be answered in this research is: Is there a relationship between religiosity and mental health of adolescents in Islamic boarding schools? Is there a relationship between the dimensions of religiosity and mental health? The results showed that the correlation value between religiosity scores and mental health scores in participants, r = 0.31, p <0.01, two-tailed. These results indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between religiosity scores and mental health scores in Islamic boarding schools adolescent with 9.61% of mental health variance can be explained by religiosity, while the rest is caused by other factors. While other results from this study indicate that among the dimensions of mental health, religiosity has a positive and significant relationship only with social welfare, namely r = 0.3, p <0.01, two-tailed. This means that the higher the level of religiosity felt by Islamic boarding school adolescents, the higher the dimensions of their social welfare, and vice versa.AbtrakBanyak penelitian membuktikan bahwa religiusitas terkait dengan kesehatan mental. Pesantren dianggap mampu memperkuat religiusitas pada remaja. Banyak orang tua memasukkan anak-anak mereka ke pesantren dengan harapan anak-anak mereka akan menjadi orang dewasa yang positif. Masalah yang harus dijawab dalam penelitian ini adalah: Apakah ada hubungan antara religiusitas dan kesehatan mental remaja di pondok pesantren remaja? Apakah ada hubungan antara dimensi religiusitas dan kesehatan mental? Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai korelasi antara skor religiusitas dan skor kesehatan mental pada partisipan, yaitu r = 0.31, p < 0.01, two tailed. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara skor religiusitas dan skor kesehatan mental pada remaja pesantren dengan 9,61% varians kesehatan mental dapat dijelaskan oleh religiusitas, sedangkan sisanya disebabkan oleh faktor lain. Sementara hasil lain dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa di antara dimensi kesehatan mental, religiusitas memiliki hubungan positif dan signifikan hanya dengan kesejahteraan sosial, yaitu r = 0.3, p < 0.01, two tailed. Ini berarti bahwa semakin tinggi tingkat religiusitas yang dirasakan oleh remaja pesantren, maka semakin tinggi pula dimensi kesejahteraan sosial mereka, begitu pun sebaliknya.
Possibilidades de proteção dos acervos patrimoniais dos museus contemporâneos pela propriedade intelectual
Authors: Fernandes de Souza Silva Lucas , Carolina Giménez Pereira Marta
Published: June 2020

O presente trabalho propõe-se em tratar das interseções entre o regramento da propriedade intelectual (PI) e das questões pertinentes à proteção dos acervos patrimoniais dos museus, vistas de modo amplo, sem pretender-se abarcar casos excepcionais. Buscar-se-á os marcos regulatórios brasileiros, comparando com os regramentos e experiências de museus estrangeiros. Confrontar-se-ão os fundamentos da PI com a teleologia dos acervos dos museus, compreendendo estes como espaços de preservação e divulgação cultural, numa época contemporânea de difusão facilitada da informação pelas tecnologias. Método: dedutivo e de investigação bibliográfica.
Cláusulas solve et repete: perspectivas de atuação da autonomia privada na (de)limitação das exceções oponíveis pelo devedor
Authors: Da Guia Silva Rodrigo , Gomes da Silva Jeniffer
Published: June 2020

O escopo central do presente estudo consiste em perquirir possíveis parâmetros para a aferição da validade das cláusulas solve et repete no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Trata-se de instrumento jurídico por meio do qual os contratantes estipulam a impossibilidade de oposição de certas exceções por parte do devedor em face de pretensões apresentadas pelo credor. Exploram-se, ainda, alguns aspectos do desenvolvimento conferido pela experiência estrangeira à matéria, bem como pontos particularmente sensíveis em relação à admissibilidade das cláusulas solve et repete, de que são exemplos as disposições tendentes ao afastamento da oponibilidade de exceções relativas à invalidade negocial.
Direito como integridade: uma resposta Dworkiana ao ativismo judicial
Authors: Barbosa Giudicelli Gustavo
Published: June 2020

O problema do ativismo judicial, referente à insuficiência da hermenêutica jurídica tradicional e a desconfiança que se tem sobre o Direito, se intensifica entre nós em razão, por um lado, do déficit de direitos que atinge boa parte da nossa população e, por outro lado, da postura decisionista e voluntarista de parte dos nossos tribunais. Para o enfrentamento desse problema, se propõe apresentar a proposta teórica de Dworkin de direito como integridade, com sua ideia de responsabilidade moral e comunidade de princípios. A partir delas, entende-se possível enfrentar o problema da discricionariedade judicial, tanto contra o passivismo quanto contra o ativismo sem respaldo democrático dos tribunais pátrios.
Pessoas públicas e notoriedade: a curiosidade do público pode justificar um menor nível de privacidade?
Authors: Paulo Leal Filpo Klever , Castello Branco de Lacerda Marca da Rocha Luiz Augusto
Published: June 2020

A pesquisa desenvolvida pretende investigar em que medida o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro protege a vida privada das assim chamadas celebridades, examinando contribuições doutrinárias, revendo algumas decisões judiciais pertinentes e fazendo o estudo de um caso de aplicação concreta do instituto. O objetivo é suscitar uma reflexão crítica sobre a tutela desse direito em situações concretas envolvendo pessoas célebres.
Revista Eletrônica da Procuradoria Geral do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - PGE-RJ, Rio de Janeiro, v. 3 n. 1, jan./abr. 2020. 1 A “LEI DO UBER” E O DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL AO TRABALHO DIGNO: ANÁLISE DA TRAMITAÇÃO DO PROJETO QUE DEU ORIGEM À LEI N. 13.640/18 À LUZ
Authors: Cabral de Almeida Fernanda
Published: June 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever o modelo de negócio das empresas de transporte remunerado privado individual de passageiros por meio de plataformas digitais (aplicativos) e as condições de trabalho de seus motoristas, identificando suas principais vulnerabilidades; e analisar a Lei n. 13.640/18, que regulamentou esta atividade, sob a ótica do direito fundamental ao trabalho digno, a partir do exame do projeto de lei inicial, substitutivos, emendas e discussões de parlamentares no âmbito da Câmara dos Deputados e do Senado Federal, além de sua redação final. Procura-se investigar se as principais vulnerabilidades dos motoristas foram consideradas pelo legislador e, caso positivo, de que forma foram abordadas.
Ephemeral Cinema Spaces
Authors: Vélez-Serna Maria
Published: June 2020

With changing technologies and social habits, the communal cinema experience would seem to be a legacy from another era. However, the 2010s saw a surge in interest for screening films in other temporary public settings. This desire to turn ruins, pubs, galleries, parks, village halls, and even boats into ephemeral cinema spaces is a search for ways of being and working together, using cinema as a framework for social encounter. This book documents contemporary practices of pop-up and sitespecific cinema exhibition in the UK (with a focus on Scotland), tracing their links with historical forms of non-theatrical exhibition such as public hall cinema and fairground bioscopes. Through archival research, observation and interviews with film exhibitors and programmers, the book explores how exhibitors create ephemeral social spaces, how they negotiate the various uses and configurations of films and venues, and how they reinvent cinemagoing from its margins.
Beyond the Essay Film
Authors: Vassilieva Julia , Williams Deane , Bellour Raymond , Álvarez López  Cristina , Elsaesser Thomas , Gibson Ross , Grant Catherine , Martin Adrian , Misek Richard , Pesch Katrin , Rascaroli Laura , Smaill Belinda , Vassilieva Julia , Williams Deane
Published: June 2020

In the wake of the explosion in the production of essay films over the last 25 years and its subsequent theorization in scholarly literature, this volume seeks to historicize these intertwined developments within the ‘long durée’ of the 20th century and into the 21st. By raising the issue of ‘beyond the essay film’, this collection seeks not only to acknowledge the influential predecessors of this — in the view of many critics, the most interesting type of contemporary filmmaking — but also to speculate about its possible transformation as we move forward into the uncharted waters of the 21st — digital — century. Beyond the Essay Film focusses on three specific axes that underpin and shape the articulation of the essay film as a specific cultural form — subjectivity, textuality, and technology — to explore how changes along and across these dimensions affect historical shifts within the essay-film practice and its relation to other types of cinema and neighbouring art forms.
De Covid-19 crisis: unprecedented times!
Authors: ter Hoeven Ralph
Published: June 2020

Column over gevolgen Covid-19 op regelgeving en toepassing externe verslaggeving
Trojans of ambiguity vs resilient regeneration: visual meaning in cities
Authors: De Kock Pieter Marthinus , Carta Silvio
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a theoretical framework that helps identify visual sustainability in urban projects and evaluates its relevance for the use, design and making of public space. It is aimed at showing how the process of urban regeneration is far more nuanced and sophisticated than much of today’s building industry allows for. The first part of the article provides an outline of this framework, by drawing from the notion of ambiguity and discussing regeneration around a concept of trojans of ambiguity: by which we simply mean that modern-day regeneration projects are often a confusion of meaning. The framework is then applied to two case studies: Heygate, and Sidewalk Labs Toronto. The Heygate regeneration produced a negative emotionally charged process and social displacement. By contrast Sidewalk Labs Toronto exemplifies a technologically clean start for regeneration, on a site with little social vitality or history. The starting points for each ultimately point to two very different outcomes. Visual sustainability represents ‘the technology before the technology’ and future research must recognise how human needs, not technology, provide the meaning into ‘how’ we may create a successful, smart, and sustainable urban environment.
An investigation of barriers and enablers to energy efficiency retrofitting of social housing in London
Authors: Peel James , Ahmed Vian , Saboor Sara
Published: June 2020

Carbon emissions, being hazardous, are triggering social concerns which have led to the creation of international treaties to address climate change. Similarly, the United Kingdom under the Climate Change Act (2008) has committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emission by at least 80% over 1990 levels by 2050.  However, being the oldest member of the EU states (before Brexit), the UK has the oldest housing stock, which contributes to 45% of its carbon emissions due to the older dwellings. To address this issue low carbon retrofitting is needed. Therefore, this paper seeks to investigate the barriers and enablers to energy efficiency retrofitting in social housing in London, UK based on the perception of experts employed in National and construction companies with an experience that ranges between 6 to 16 years. Initial literature suggested that the problem of energy efficiency retrofitting in the general building stock has been addressed, however little has been reported on its application to social housing. This paper, therefore, groups the barriers and enablers into seven categories that include: financial matters, Technical, IT, Government policy and regulation, social factors (including awareness of the energy efficiency agenda), quality of workmanship and disruption to residents, using literature review, interviews and surveys with key stakeholders within the housing sector, and draws recommendations to enable effective and efficient retrofitting for social housing projects.
Special issue: urban regeneration for sustainable development
Authors: Opoku Alex , Akotia Julius
Published: June 2020

Guest editorial
Effects of the fat-tailed ewes' body condition scores at lambing on their metabolic profile and offspring growth
Authors: Yagoubi Yathreb , Atti Naziha
Published: June 2020

Abstract. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of body condition
score (BCS) of fat-tailed Barbarine ewes at lambing on their metabolic profile
around parturition and lamb's growth. The experiment was carried out on 69 Barbarine ewes, divided into three groups according to BCS, which were inferior
to 2, between 2 and 2.5 and superior to 2.5 for the thin, middle and
fat group, respectively. Along the trial, all groups received the same
dietary treatment based on hay, pasture and concentrate. Birth weight (Bi-W), weights at 30 and 70 d (W30 and W70) and average
daily gains (ADGs) of lambs were recorded. Metabolites were determined at
late pregnancy and at the beginning of lactation. Ewes' BCS at lambing had
no effect on lambs' Bi-W (P>0.05), which was 3.8, 3.8 and 3.9
kg, respectively, for thin, middle and fat groups. However, W30, W70 and ADG
increased with a mother's BCS. A positive correlation between lamb growth
parameters and ewe body weight and BCS at weaning was recorded. Energetic
metabolites (glucose and triglycerides) and proteic metabolites (creatinine,
total protein and urea) were similar among groups according to BCS but
significantly different between pregnancy and lactation stages except
triglycerides and urea. In conclusion, BCS may be used as dietary management
tool during ewe lactation. With the transition from pregnancy to
lactation, the content of some metabolites has changed irrespective of BCS;
this aspect needs more investigations.
Late-Spring and Summertime Tropospheric Ozone and NO2 in Western Siberia and the Russian Arctic: Regional Model Evaluation and Sensitivities
Authors: Thorp Thomas , Arnold Stephen R. , Pope Richard J. , Spracklen Dominic V. , Conibear Luke , Knote Christoph , Arshinov Mikhail , Belan Boris , Asmi Eija , Laurila Tuomas , Skorokhod Andrei I. , Nieminen Tuomo , Petäjä Tuukka
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We use a regional chemistry transport model (WRF-Chem) in conjunction with surface observations of tropospheric ozone and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite retrievals of tropospheric column NO2 to evaluate processes controlling the regional distribution of tropospheric ozone over Western Siberia for late-spring and summer in 2011. This region hosts a range of anthropogenic and natural ozone precursor sources, and serves as a gateway for near-surface transport of Eurasian pollution to the Arctic. However, there is a severe lack of in-situ observations to constrain tropospheric ozone sources and sinks in the region. We show widespread negative bias in WRF-Chem tropospheric column NO2 when compared to OMI satellite observations from May – August, which is reduced when using ECLIPSE v5a emissions (FMB= -0.82 to -0.73) compared with the EDGAR-HTAP-2 emissions data (FMB= -0.80 to -0.70). Despite the large negative bias, the spatial correlations between model and observed NO2 columns suggest that the spatial pattern of NOx sources in the region is well represented. Based on ECLIPSE v5a emissions, we assess the influence of the two dominant anthropogenic emission sectors (transport and energy) and vegetation fires on surface NOx and ozone over Siberia and the Russian Arctic. Our results suggest regional ozone is more sensitive to anthropogenic emissions, particularly from the transport sector, and the contribution from fire emissions maximises in June and is largely confined to latitudes south of 60° N. Large contributions to surface ozone from energy emissions are simulated in April north of 60° N, due to emissions associated with oil and gas extraction. Ozone dry deposition fluxes from the model simulations show that the dominant ozone dry deposition sink in the region is to forest, averaging 6.0 Tg of ozone per month, peaking at 9.1 Tg of ozone deposition during June. The impact of fires on ozone dry deposition within the domain is small compared to anthropogenic emissions, and is negligible north of 60° N. Overall, our results suggest that surface ozone in the region is controlled by an interplay between seasonality in atmospheric transport patterns, vegetation dry deposition, and a dominance of transport and energy sector emissions.
Long-term observational constraints of organic aerosol dependence on inorganic species in the southeast US
Authors: Zheng Yiqi , Thornton Joel A. , Ng Nga Lee , Cao Hansen , Henze Daven K. , McDuffie Erin E. , Hu Weiwei , Jimenez Jose L. , Marais Eloise A. , Edgerton Eric , Mao Jingqiu
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Organic aerosol (OA), with a large biogenic fraction in summertime southeast US, adversely impacts on air quality and human health. Stringent air quality controls have recently reduced anthropogenic pollutants including sulfate, whose impact on OA remains unclear. Three filter measurement networks provide long-term constraints on the sensitivity of OA to changes in inorganic species, including sulfate and ammonia. The 2000–2013 summertime OA decreases by 1.7~1.9 %/year with little month-to-month variability, while sulfate declines rapidly with significant monthly difference in early 2000s. In contrast, modeled OA from a chemical-transport model (GEOS-Chem) decreases by 4.9 %/year with much larger month-to-month variability, largely due to the predominant role of acid-catalyzed reactive uptake of epoxydiols (IEPOX) onto sulfate. The overestimated modeled OA dependence on sulfate can be improved by implementing a coating effect and assuming constant aerosol acidity, suggesting the needs to revisit IEPOX reactive uptake in current models. Our work highlights the importance of secondary OA formation pathways that are weakly dependent on inorganic aerosol in a region that is heavily influenced by both biogenic and anthropogenic emissions.
Assessing the accuracy of low-cost optical particle sensors using a physics-based approach
Authors: Hagan David H. , Kroll Jesse H.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Low-cost sensors for measuring particulate matter (PM) offer the ability to understand human exposure to air pollution at spatiotemporal scales that have previously been impractical. However, such low-cost PM sensors tend to be poorly characterized, and their measurements of mass concentration can be subject to considerable error. Recent studies have investigated how individual factors can contribute to this error, but these studies are largely based on empirical comparisons and generally do not examine the role of multiple factors simultaneously. Here, we present a new physics-based framework and open-source software package (opcsim) for evaluating the ability of low-cost optical particle sensors (optical particle counters and nephelometers) to accurately characterize the size distribution and/or mass loading of aerosol particles. This framework, which uses Mie Theory to calculate the response of a given sensor to a given particle population, is used to estimate the relative error in mass loading for different sensor types, given variations in relative humidity, aerosol optical properties, and the underlying particle size distribution. Results indicate that such error, which can be substantial, is dependent on the sensor technology (nephelometer vs. optical particle counter), the specific parameters of the individual sensor, and differences between the aerosol used to calibrate the sensor and the aerosol being measured. We conclude with a summary of likely sources of error for different sensor types, environmental conditions, and particle classes, and offer general recommendations for choice of calibrant under different measurement scenarios.
Ionospheric Pc1 waves during a storm recovery phase observed by the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite
Authors: Gou Xiaochen , Li Lei , Zhang Yiteng , Zhou Bin , Feng Yongyong , Cheng Bingjun , Raita Tero , Liu Ji , Zhima Zeren , Shen Xuhui
Published: June 2020

Abstract. During the storm recovery phase on 27 August 2018, the China
Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) detected Pc1 wave activities in both the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere in the high-latitude, post-midnight ionosphere with a central frequency of about 2 Hz. Meanwhile, the typical Pc1 waves were simultaneously observed for several hours by the Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (SGO) stations on the ground. In this paper, we study the propagation characteristics and possible source regions of those waves. Firstly, we find that the Pc1 waves observed by the satellites exhibited mixed polarisation, and the wave normal is almost parallel with the background magnetic field. The field-aligned Poynting fluxes point downwards in both hemispheres, implying that the satellites are close to the wave injection regions in the ionosphere at about L=3. Furthermore, we also find that the estimated position of the plasmapause calculated by models is almost at L=3. Therefore, we suggest that the possible sources of waves are near the plasmapause, which is consistent with previous studies in that the outward expansion of the plasmasphere into the ring current during the recovery phase of geomagnetic storms may generate electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, and these EMIC waves propagate northwards and southwards along the background
magnetic field to the ionosphere at about L=3. Additionally, the ground station data show that Pc1 wave power attenuates with increasing distance from L=3, supporting the idea that the CSES observes the wave activities near the injection region. The observations are unique in that the Pc1 waves are observed in the ionosphere in nearly conjugate regions where transverse Alfvén waves propagate down into the ionosphere.
Single-precision arithmetic in ECHAM radiation reduces runtime and energy consumption
Authors: Cotronei Alessandro , Slawig Thomas
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We converted the radiation part of the atmospheric model
ECHAM to a single-precision arithmetic. We analyzed different conversion strategies and finally used a step-by-step change in all modules, subroutines and functions. We found out that a small code portion still requires higher-precision arithmetic. We generated code that can be easily changed from double to single precision and vice versa, basically using a simple switch in one module. We compared the output of the single-precision version in the coarse resolution with observational data and with the original double-precision code. The results of both versions are comparable. We extensively tested different parallelization options with respect to the possible runtime reduction, at both coarse and low resolution. The single-precision radiation itself was accelerated by about 40 %, whereas the runtime reduction for the whole ECHAM model using the converted radiation achieved 18 % in the best configuration. We further measured the energy consumption, which could also be reduced.
Evaluation of polar stratospheric clouds in the global chemistry-climate model SOCOLv3.1 by comparison with CALIPSO spaceborne lidar measurements
Authors: Steiner Michael , Luo Beiping , Peter Thomas , Pitts Michael C. , Stenke Andrea
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) contribute to catalytic ozone destruction by providing surfaces for the conversion of inert chlorine species into active forms and by denitrification of the stratosphere. Therefore, an accurate representation of PSCs in chemistry-climate models (CCMs) is of great importance to correctly simulate polar ozone concentrations. Here, we evaluate PSCs as simulated by the CCM SOCOLv3.1 for the Antarctic winter 2007 by comparison with backscatter measurements by CALIOP onboard the CALIPSO satellite. The model considers supercooled ternary solution (STS) droplets, nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles, water ice particles, and mixtures thereof. PSCs are parametrized in terms of temperature and partial pressures of HNO3 and H2O, assuming equilibrium between gas and particulate phase. We use the CALIOP measurements to optimize three prescribed microphysical parameters of the PSC scheme, namely ice number density, NAT particle radius and maximum NAT number density. The choice of the prescribed value of the ice number density affects simulated optical properties and dehydration, while modifying the maximum NAT number density or the NAT particle radius impacts stratospheric composition by enhancing the HNO3-uptake and denitrification. Best agreement with the CALIOP optical properties and observed denitrification was for this case study found with the ice number density increased from the hitherto used value of 0.01 to 0.05 cm−3 and the maximum NAT number density from 5×10−4 to 1×10−3 cm−3. The NAT radius was kept at the original value of 5 µm. The new parametrization reflects the higher importance attributed to heterogeneous nucleation of ice and NAT particles, e.g. on meteoric dust, following recent new data evaluations of the state-of-the-art CALIOP measurements. A cold temperature bias in the polar lower stratosphere results in an overestimated PSC areal coverage in SOCOLv3.1 by up to 100 %. Furthermore, the occurrence of mountain-wave induced ice, as observed mainly over the Antarctic Peninsula, is continuously underestimated in the model due to the coarse model resolution and the fixed ice number density. However, overall we find a good temporal and spatial agreement between modeled and observed PSC occurrence and composition, as well as reasonable modeled denitrification and ozone loss. Based on constraining three important parameters by means of the CALIOP measurements, this work demonstrates that also a simplified PSC scheme, which describes STS, NAT, ice and mixtures thereof with equilibrium assumptions and avoids nucleation and growth calculations in sophisticated, but time-consuming microphysical process models, may achieve good approximations of fundamental properties of PSCs needed in CCMs.
Potential yield simulated by Global Gridded Crop Models: a process-based emulator to explain their differences
Authors: Ringeval Bruno , Müller Christoph , Pugh Thomas A.M. , Mueller Nathaniel D. , Ciais Philippe , Folberth Christian , Liu Wenfeng , Debaeke Philippe , Pellerin Sylvain
Published: June 2020

Abstract. How Global Gridded Crop Models (GGCMs) differ in their simulation of potential yield and reasons for those differences have never been assessed. The GGCM Inter-comparison (GGCMI) offers a good framework for this assessment. Here, we built an emulator (called SMM for Simple Mechanistic Model) of GGCMs based on generic and simplified formalism. The SMM equations describe crop phenology by a sum of growing degree days, canopy radiation absorption by the Beer-Lambert law, and its conversion into aboveground biomass by a radiation use efficiency (RUE). We fitted the parameters of this emulator against gridded aboveground maize biomass at the end of the growing season simulated by eight different GGCMs in a given year (2000). Our assumption is that the simple set of equations of SMM, after calibration, could reproduce the response of most GGCMs, so that differences between GGCMs can be attributed to the parameters related to processes captured by the emulator. Despite huge differences between GGCMs, we show that if we fit both a parameter describing the thermal requirement for leaf emergence by adjusting its value to each grid-point in space, as done by GGCM modellers following the GGCMI protocol, and a GGCM-dependent globally uniform RUE, then the simple set of equations of the SMM emulator is sufficient to reproduce the spatial distribution of the original aboveground biomass simulated by most GGCMs. The grain filling is simulated in SMM by considering a fixed in time fraction of net primary productivity allocated to the grain (frac) once a threshold in leaves number (nthresh) is reached. Once calibrated, these two parameters allow to capture the relationship between potential yield and final aboveground biomass of each GGCM. It is particularly important as the divergence among GGCMs is larger for yield than for aboveground biomass. Thus, we showed that the divergence between GGCMs can be summarized by the differences in few parameters. Our simple but mechanistic model could also be an interesting tool to test new developments in order to improve the simulation of potential yield at the global scale.
A New End-to-End Workflow for the Community Earth System Model (version 2.0) for CMIP6
Authors: Mickelson Sheri , Bertini Alice , Strand Gary , Paul Kevin , Nienhouse Eric , Dennis John , Vertenstein Mariana
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The complexity of each Coupled Model Intercomparison Project grows with every new generation. The Phase 5 effort saw a large increase in the number of experiments that were performed and the number of variables that were requested compared to its previous generation, Phase 3. Many centers were not prepared for the large demand and this stressed the resources of several centers including at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. During Phase 5, we missed several deadlines and we struggled to get the data out to the community for analysis. In preparation for the current generation, Phase 6, we examined the weaknesses in our workflow and addressed the performance issues with new software tools. Through this investment, we were able to publish approximately six times the amount of data to the community compared to the volumes we produced in the previous generation and we were able to accomplish this within one-third of the time, providing an 18 times speedup. This paper discusses the improvements we have made to accomplish this success for Phase 6 and further improvements we hope to make for the next generation.
TITAM (v1.0): Time Independent Tracking Algorithm for
Medicanes
Authors: Pravia-Sarabia Enrique , Gómez-Navarro Juan José , Jiménez-Guerrero Pedro , Montávez Juan Pedro
Published: June 2020

Abstract. This work aims at presenting TITAM, a time independent tracking algorithm specifically suited for medicanes. In the last decades, the study of medicanes has been repeatedly addressed given their potential to damage coastal zones. Their hazardous associated meteorological conditions have converted them in a major threat. Even though their similarities with tropical cyclones have been studied in terms of genesis mechanisms and structure, the fact that the former ones appear in baroclinic environments make them prone to temporarily lose their warm-cored and symmetric structure. Thus, the usage of a measure for the warm-core nature of the cyclone, namely the Hart conditions, stands as a key factor for a successful identification of the medicane. Furthermore, given their relatively small spatial extent, medicanes tend to appear embedded in or to coexist with larger lows. Hence, the implementation of a time-independent methodology avoiding the search of a medicane basing on its location at previous time steps seems to be fundamental when facing situations of cyclones coexistence. The examples selected showcase how the algorithm presented throughout this paper is useful and robust for the tracking of medicanes. This methodology satisfies the requirements expected for a tracking method of this nature, namely: the capacity to track multiple simultaneous cyclones, the ability to track a medicane in the presence of an intense trough inside the domain, the potential to separate the medicane from other similar structures handling the intermittent loss of structure, and the capability to isolate and follow the medicane center regardless of other cyclones that could be present in the domain. The complete TITAM package, including pre and post processing tools, is available as a free software extensively documented and prepared for its deployment. As a final remark, this algorithm sheds some light on the medicanes understanding, regarding the medicane structure, the warm-core nature and the existence of tilting.
Numerical integrators for Lagrangian oceanography
Authors: Nordam Tor , Duran Rodrigo
Published: June 2020

Abstract. A common task in Lagrangian oceanography is to calculate a large number of drifter trajectories from a velocity field pre-calculated with an ocean model. Mathematically, this is simply numerical integration of an Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE), for which a wide range of different methods exist. However, the discrete nature of the modelled ocean currents requires interpolation of the velocity field, and the choice of interpolation scheme has implications for the accuracy and efficiency of the different numerical ODE methods. We investigate trajectory calculation in modelled ocean currents with 800 m, 4 km, and 20 km horizontal resolution, in combination with linear, cubic and quintic spline interpolation. We use fixed-step Runge-Kutta integrators of orders 1–4, as well as three variable-step Runge-Kutta methods (Bogacki-Shampine 3(2), Dormand-Prince 5(4) and 8(7)). Additionally, we design and test modified special-purpose variants of the three variable-step integrators, that are better able to handle discontinuous derivatives in an interpolated velocity field. Our results show that the optimal choice of ODE integrator depends on the resolution of the ocean model, the degree of interpolation, and the desired accuracy. For cubic interpolation, the commonly used Dormand-Prince 5(4) is rarely the most efficient choice. We find that in many cases, our special-purpose integrators can improve accuracy by many orders of magnitude over their standard counterparts, with no increase in computational effort. The best results are seen for coarser resolutions (4 km and 20 km), thus the special-purpose integrators are particularly advantageous for research using regional to global ocean models to compute large numbers of trajectories. Our results are also applicable to trajectory computations from atmospheric models.
Assessments of land subsidence along Rizhao-Lankao High-speed Railway at Heze, China between 2015 and 2019 with Sentinel-1 data
Authors: Zhu Chuanguang , Wu Wenhao , Motagh Mahdi , Zhang Liya , Jiang Zongli , Long Sichun
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The Heze section of Rizhao-Lankao High-speed Railway (RLHR-HZ) has been under construction since 2018 and will be operative by the end of 2021. However, there is a concern that land subsidence in Heze region may affect the normal operation of RLHR-HZ. In this study, we investigate the contemporary ground deformation in the region between 2015 and 2019 by using more than 350 C-band interferograms constructed from two tracks of Sentine-1 data over the region. The Small Baselines Subset (SBAS) technique is adopted to compile the time series displacement. We find that the RLHR-HZ runs through two main subsidence areas: One is located east of Heze region with rates ranging from −4 cm/yr to −1 cm/yr, and another one is located in the coal field with rates ranging from −8 cm/yr to −2 cm/yr. A total length of 35 km of RLSR-HZ are affected by the two subsidence basins. Considering the previous investigation and the monthly precipitation, we infer that the subsidence bowl east of Heze region is due to massive extraction of deep groundwater. Close inspections of the relative locations between the second subsidence area and the underground mining reveals that the subsidence there is probably caused by the groundwater outflow and fault instability due to mining, rather than being directly caused by mining. The InSAR-derived ground subsidence implies that it's necessary to continue monitoring the ground deformation along RLSR-HZ.
Glacier runoff variations since 1955 in the Maipo River basin, in the semiarid Andes of central Chile
Authors: Ayala Álvaro , Farías-Barahona David , Huss Matthias , Pellicciotti Francesca , McPhee James , Farinotti Daniel
Published: June 2020

Abstract. As glaciers adjust their size in response to climate
variations, long-term changes in meltwater production can be expected,
affecting the local availability of water resources. We investigate glacier
runoff in the period 1955–2016 in the Maipo River basin (4843 km2,
33.0–34.3∘ S, 69.8–70.5∘ W), in the semiarid Andes of Chile.
The basin contains more than 800 glaciers, which cover 378 km2 in total (inventoried
in 2000). We model the mass balance and runoff contribution of 26 glaciers
with the physically oriented and fully distributed TOPKAPI (Topographic Kinematic Approximation and Integration)-ETH
glacio-hydrological model and extrapolate the results to the entire basin.
TOPKAPI-ETH is run at a daily time step using several glaciological and
meteorological datasets, and its results are evaluated against streamflow
records, remotely sensed snow cover, and geodetic mass balances for the
periods 1955–2000 and 2000–2013. Results show that in 1955–2016 glacier mass balance had
a general decreasing trend as a basin average but also had differences between
the main sub-catchments. Glacier volume decreased by one-fifth (from
18.6±4.5 to 14.9±2.9 km3). Runoff from the initially
glacierized areas was 177±25 mm yr−1 (16±7 % of the
total contributions to the basin), but it shows a decreasing sequence of
maxima, which can be linked to the interplay between a decrease in
precipitation since the 1980s and the reduction of ice melt. Glaciers in the
Maipo River basin will continue retreating because they are not in
equilibrium with the current climate. In a hypothetical constant climate
scenario, glacier volume would reduce to 81±38 % of the year 2000
volume, and glacier runoff would be 78±30 % of the 1955–2016
average. This would considerably decrease the drought mitigation capacity of
the basin.
Vertical cloud structure of warm conveyor belts – a comparison and evaluation of ERA5 reanalyses, CloudSat and CALIPSO data
Authors: Binder Hanin , Boettcher Maxi , Joos Hanna , Sprenger Michael , Wernli Heini
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) are important cyclone-related airstreams that are responsible for most of the cloud and precipitation formation in the extratropics. They can also substantially influence the dynamics of the cyclone and the upper-level flow. So far, most knowledge about WCBs is based on model data from analyses, reanalyses and forecast data, with only a few observational studies available. The aim of this work is to gain a detailed observational perspective on the vertical cloud and precipitation structure of WCBs during their inflow, ascent and outflow, and to evaluate their representation in the new ERA5 reanalysis dataset. To this end, satellite observations from the CloudSat radar and the CALIPSO lidar are combined with an ERA5-based WCB climatology for nine Northern Hemisphere winters. Based on a case study and a composite analysis, the main findings can be summarised as follows: (i) WCB air masses are part of deep, strongly precipitating clouds, with cloud-top heights at 9–10 km during their ascent, and an about 2–3 km deep layer with supercooled liquid water co-existing with ice above the melting layer. The maximum surface precipitation occurs when the WCB is at about 2–4 km height. (ii) Convective clouds can be observed above the inflow and during the ascent. (iii) At upper levels, the WCB outflow is typically located near the top of a 3 km deep cirrus layer. (iv) There is a large variability between WCBs in terms of cloud structure, peak reflectivity, and associated surface precipitation. (v) The WCB trajectories with the highest radar reflectivities are mainly located over the North Atlantic and North Pacific, and – apart from the inflow – they occur at relatively low latitudes. They are associated with particularly deep and strongly precipitating clouds that occur not only during the ascent, but also in the inflow and outflow regions. (vi) ERA5 represents the WCB clouds remarkably well in terms of position, thermodynamic phase and frozen hydrometeor distribution, although it underestimates the high ice and snow values in the mixed-phase clouds near the melting layer. (vii) In the lower troposphere, high potential vorticity is diabatically produced along the WCB in areas with high reflectivities and hydrometeor contents, and at upper levels, low potential vorticity prevails in the cirrus layer in the WCB outflow. The study provides important observational insight into the internal cloud structure of WCBs, and emphasises the ability of ERA5 to essentially capture the observed pattern, but also reveals many small- and mesoscale structures observed by the remote sensing instruments but not captured by ERA5.
Inside out: A note on the hierarchical update of nominal modifiers
Authors: Schlenker Philippe
Published: June 2020

Some sentences are globally informative but still deviant because they contain an expression that is redundant relative in its local environment, as in: #Ann is staying in Paris and she in France. In this case, the second conjunct seems to be evaluated after the first. In several frameworks, order of evaluation follows from linear order. Focusing on nominal modification in Japanese and Korean, Ingason (2016) argued that the correct notion of order is hierarchical, not linear, and he proposed that structurally higher elements are evaluated before lower elements, a conclusion that might dovetail with Romoli and Mandelkern’s (2017) proposal for postposed if-clauses in conditionals. While agreeing with Ingason’s conclusion that for nominal modification evaluation order is hierarchical, we amend his theory by considering sentences with several pre- or post-nominal modifiers (in English, Mandarin and French). We argue that a Noun Phrase is evaluated ‘inside out’, starting with the head noun and adding modifiers by order of structural proximity to the head – with the result that higher modifiers are evaluated later than lower modifiers (against the ‘higher is earlier’ view). We explore in an Appendix how this finding can be integrated with existing accounts of evaluation order for other constituent types, such as conjunction.
Platinum Group Element Enrichment of Natural Quenched Sulfide Solid Solutions, the Norilsk 1 Deposit, Russia
Authors: Brovchenko Valeriya D. , Sluzhenikin Sergey F. , Kovalchuk Elena V. , Kovrigina Sofia V. , Abramova Vera D. , Yudovskaya Marina A.
Published: June 2020

The deepest terminations of the Mount Rudnaya subvertical massive sulfide offshoots of the Norilsk 1 orebody are composed of exceptionally fine grained sulfides that are believed to be natural quenched sulfide solid solutions. Copper-rich intermediate solid solution (ISS) and Fe-rich monosulfide solid solution (MSS) form an equigranular and lamellar matrix hosting MSS- and ISS-dominant globules. The nonstoichiometric chemical compositions of the solid solutions plot within their high-temperature fields known from experiments. MSS contains 19 to 35 wt % Ni, 0.09 to 0.45 wt % Co, and up to 0.6 wt % Cu and is heterogeneously enriched in Rh (up to 32 ppm), Ir (up to 0.6 ppm), Pt (up to 65 ppm), and Pd (up to 168 ppm). ISS occurs as the lamellar intergrowths of the chalcopyrite (Ccpss) and cubanite (Cubss) solid solutions, which bear up to 4.74 wt % Ni and 0.2 wt % Co and are heterogeneously enriched in Zn, Ag, and In. The assemblage of platinum group minerals (PGMs) is hosted mostly in the ISS and is dominated by Pt-Fe alloys and minerals of the rustenburgite-atokite series, like the set of PGMs at the Norilsk 1 deposit. Similar Pt-Pd-Sn compounds in the laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) spectra of profiles through MSS and ISS are interpreted to be trapped microinclusions.

The pentlandite contains up to 0.13 wt % Pt, up to 4.62 wt % Pd, <0.53 wt % Co, and <0.4 wt % Cu according to electron microprobe analysis. LA-ICP-MS data and mapping show that Pd content in the pentlandite increases toward contacts with ISS and decreases toward contacts with MSS, supporting a reaction origin of pentlandite. The wide variations of the concentrations of major and trace elements in the solid solutions, as well as the coexistence of Pd-poor (a few ppm Pd) and Pd-rich (over 4.62 wt % Pd) pentlandite within a single sample, seem to characterize the different generations of the MSS to MSS-ISS globules, antecrysts, and phenocrysts with the distinct histories of enrichment due to exchange with fractionated Cu-platinum group element-rich residue. The directional distribution of Pd of high-temperature primary magmatic origin is preserved due to rapid quenching of the sulfides from ~650°C.