bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three novel cytogenetically cryptic EVI1 rearrangements associated with increased EVI1 expression and poor prognosis identified in 27 acute myeloid leukemia cases
Authors: Haferlach Claudia , Bacher Ulrike , Grossmann Vera , Schindela Sonja , Zenger Melanie , Kohlmann Alexander , Kern Wolfgang , Haferlach Torsten , Schnittger Susanne
Published: August 2012

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), increased ecotropic virus integration site 1 protein homolog (EVI1) gene expression is prognostically unfavorable. Subsets of cases show 3q26 rearrangements, such as inv(3)(q21q26)/t(3;3)(q21;q26), frequently accompanied by chromosome 7 abnormalities. We investigated whether cytogenetically cryptic EVI1 rearrangements may cause EVI1 overexpression in myeloid malignancies without 3q26 abnormalities and investigated 983 patients with AML (n = 606) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS; n = 377) with normal karyotype (CN‐AML/CN‐MDS, n = 594) or chromosome 7 abnormalities (n = 389) for EVI1 rearrangements using interphase FISH. We identified cytogenetically cryptic EVI1 rearrangements in 27 patients (19 AML, 8 MDS): inv(3)(p24q26) [n = 10]; t(3;21)(q26;q11) [n = 9]; and der(7)t(3;7)(q26;q21) [n = 8]. Elevated EVI1 expression was detected in nearly all cases with cryptic EVI1 rearrangements: Median %EVI1/ABL1 was 92.8 (range: 29.8–146.1) in inv(3)(p24q26), 104.9 (41.4–176.3) in t(3;21)(q26;q11), and 101.8 (4.4–210.4) in der(7)t(3;7)(q26;q21). This was similar to median %EVI1/ABL1 of 73.9 (range: 7.3–585.6) in an independent cohort of inv(3)(q21q26)/t(3;3)(q21;q26) and 67.1 (2.3–410.7) in other 3q26/EVI1 rearrangements. Healthy controls showed median EVI1 expression of 0.5 (range: 0.0–5.8). Using SNP microarray and sequencing analyses, the breakpoints of der(7)t(3;7)(q26;q21) were assigned to CDK6 and centromeric of EVI1, and of t(3;21)(q26;q11) to be within EVI1 and NRIP1. Median overall survival in patients with cryptic EVI1 rearrangements was short, comparable to patients with inv(3)(q21q26)/t(3;3)(q21;q26) or other EVI1 rearrangements. Cryptic EVI1 rearrangements contribute to explain the clinical heterogeneity of CN‐AML and are associated with elevated EVI1 expression and an unfavorable prognosis. Screening for cryptic EVI1 rearrangements by FISH may be particularly appropriate in CN‐AML with elevated EVI1 expression or in AML/MDS patients with chromosome 7 abnormalities. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TIME VARIATION IN THE DYNAMICS OF WORKER FLOWS: EVIDENCE FROM NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPE
Authors: Campolieti Michele , Gefang Deborah , Koop Gary
Published: August 2012

Vector autoregressive methods have been used to model the interrelationships between job vacancy rates, job separation rates and job‐finding rates using tools such as impulse response analysis. We investigate whether such impulse responses change across the business cycle or over time, by estimating time‐varying parameter–vector autoregressions for data from North America (the USA and Canada) and Europe (France, Spain and the UK). While the adjustment process of the labour market to shocks in Canada and the USA is similar, we find the adjustment process differs much more across the European countries, with greater persistence in shocks relative to the USA and Canada. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disruption of the dynein-dynactin complex unveils motor-specific functions in osteoclast formation and bone resorption
Authors: Ng Pei Ying , Cheng Tak Sum , Zhao Haibo , Ye Shiqiao , SM Ang Estabelle , Khor Ee Cheng , Feng Hao-Tian , Xu Jiake , Zheng Ming H , Pavlos Nathan J
Published: August 2012

Osteoclastic bone resorption requires strict interplay between acidified carrier vesicles, motor proteins, and the underlying cytoskeleton in order to sustain the specialized structural and functional polarization of the ruffled border. Cytoplasmic dynein, a large processive mechanochemical motor comprising heavy, intermediate, and light chains coupled to the dynactin cofactor complex, powers unilateral motility of diverse cargos to microtubule minus-ends. We have recently shown that regulators of the dynein motor complex constitute critical components of the osteoclastic bone resorptive machinery. Here, by selectively modulating endogenous dynein activity, we show that the integrity of the dynein-dynactin motor complex is an essential requirement for both osteoclast formation and function. Systematic dissection of the osteoclast dynein-dynactin complex revealed that it is differentially localized throughout RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and activation, undergoing microtubule-coupled reorganization upon the establishment of cellular polarization. In osteoclasts actively resorbing bone, dynein-dynactin intimately co-localizes with the CAP-Gly domain-containing microtubule plus-end protein CLIP-170 at the resorptive front, thus orientating the ruffled border as a microtubule plus-end domain. Unexpectedly, disruption of the dynein-dynactin complex by exogenous p50/dynamitin expression retards osteoclast formation in vitro, owing largely to prolonged mitotic stasis of osteoclast progenitor cells. More importantly, loss of osteoclastic dynein activity results in a drastic redistribution of key intracellular organelles, including the Golgi and lysosomes, an effect that coincides with impaired cathepsin K secretion and diminished bone resorptive function. Collectively, these data unveil a previously unrecognized role for the dynein-dynactin motor complex in osteoclast formation and function, serving not only to regulate their timely maturation but also the delivery of osteolytic cargo that is essential to the bone resorptive process. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Bone mineral content and density of the lumbar spine of infants and toddlers: Influence of age, sex, race, growth, and human milk feeding
Authors: Kalkwarf Heidi J , Zemel Babette S , Yolton Kimberly , Heubi James E
Published: August 2012

Little is known about factors that affect bone mass and density of infants and toddlers and the means to assess their bone health owing to challenges in studying this population. The objectives of this study were to describe age, sex, race, growth, and human milk feeding effects on bone mineral content (BMC) and areal density (aBMD) of the lumbar spine, and determine precision of BMC and aBMD measurements. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 307 healthy participants (63 black), ages 1 to 36 months. BMC and aBMD of the lumbar spine were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Duplicate scans were obtained on 76 participants for precision determination. Age-specific Z-scores for aBMD, weight, and length (BMDZ, WAZ, LAZ) were calculated. Information on human milk feeding duration was ascertained by questionnaire. Between ages 1 and 36 months, lumbar spine BMC increased about fivefold and aBMD increased twofold (p < 0.0001). BMC was greater (5.8%) in males than in females (p = 0.001), but there was no difference in aBMD (p = 0.37). There was no difference in BMC or aBMD between whites and blacks (p ≥ 0.16). WAZ and LAZ were positively associated with BMDZ (r = 0.34 and 0.24, p < 0.001). Duration of human milk feeding was negatively associated with BMDZ in infants <12 months of age (r = −0.42, p < 0.001). Precision of BMC and aBMD measurements was good, 2.20% and 1.84%, respectively. Dramatic increases in BMC and aBMD of the lumbar spine occur in the first 36 months of life. We provide age-specific values for aBMD of healthy infants and toddlers that can be used to evaluate bone deficits. Future studies are needed to identify the age when sex and race differences in aBMD occur, and how best to account for delayed or accelerated growth in the context of bone health assessment of infants and toddlers. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Peripheral leptin regulates bone formation
Authors: Turner Russell T , Kalra Satya P , Wong Carmen P , Philbrick Kenneth A , Lindenmaier Laurence B , Boghossian Stephane , Iwaniec Urszula T
Published: August 2012

Substantial evidence does not support the prevailing view that leptin, acting through a hypothalamic relay, decreases bone accrual by inhibiting bone formation. To clarify the mechanisms underlying regulation of bone architecture by leptin, we evaluated bone growth and turnover in wild-type (WT) mice, leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice, leptin-deficient ob/ob mice, and ob/ob mice treated with leptin. We also performed hypothalamic leptin gene therapy to determine the effect of elevated hypothalamic leptin levels on osteoblasts. Finally, to determine the effects of loss of peripheral leptin signaling on bone formation and energy metabolism, we used bone marrow (BM) from WT or db/db donor mice to reconstitute the hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cell compartments in lethally irradiated WT recipient mice. Decreases in bone growth, osteoblast-lined bone perimeter and bone formation rate were observed in ob/ob mice and greatly increased in ob/ob mice following subcutaneous administration of leptin. Similarly, hypothalamic leptin gene therapy increased osteoblast-lined bone perimeter in ob/ob mice. In spite of normal osteoclast-lined bone perimeter, db/db mice exhibited a mild but generalized osteopetrotic-like (calcified cartilage encased by bone) skeletal phenotype and greatly reduced serum markers of bone turnover. Tracking studies and histology revealed quantitative replacement of BM cells following BM transplantation. WT mice engrafted with db/db BM did not differ in energy homeostasis from untreated WT mice or WT mice engrafted with WT BM. Bone formation in WT mice engrafted with WT BM did not differ from WT mice, whereas bone formation in WT mice engrafted with db/db cells did not differ from the low rates observed in untreated db/db mice. In summary, our results indicate that leptin, acting primarily through peripheral pathways, increases osteoblast number and activity. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Inhibition of PTEN expression and activity by angiotensin II induces proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Dong Xue , Yu Lu‐Gang , Sun Rong , Cheng Yan‐Na , Cao Hua , Yang Kang‐Min , Dong Yi‐Ning , Wu Yan , Guo Xiu‐Li
Published: August 2012

PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) is a tumor suppressor and has been suggested recently to be involved in the regulation of cardiovascular diseases. The molecular mechanisms of this regulation are however poorly understood. This study shows that down regulation of PTEN expression and activity by angiotensin II (Ang II) increased proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The presence of Ang II induced rapid PTEN phosphorylation and oxidation in accordance with increased AKT and FAK phosphorylation. The Ang II‐mediated VSMC proliferation and migration was inhibited when cellular PTEN expression was increased by AT1 inhibitor losartan, PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone, NF‐κB inhibitor BAY 11‐7082. Over expression of PTEN in VSMCs by adenovirus transduction also resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and migration in response to Ang II. These results suggest that PTEN down‐regulation is involved in proliferation and migration of VSMCs induced by Ang II. This provides insight into the molecular regulation of PTEN in vascular smooth muscle cells and suggests that targeting the action of PTEN may represent an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 174–182, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oxidative stress and apoptosis in homocystinuria patients with genetic remethylation defects
Authors: Richard Eva , Desviat Lourdes R. , Ugarte Magdalena , Pérez Belén
Published: August 2012

Oxidative stress has been described as a putative disease mechanism in pathologies associated with an elevation of homocysteine. An increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis rate have been associated with several disorders of cobalamin metabolism, particularly with methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) combined with homocystinuria cblC type. In this work, we have evaluated several parameters related to oxidative stress and apoptosis in fibroblasts from patients with homocystinuria due to defects in the MTR, MTRR, and MTHFR genes involved in the remethylation pathway of homocysteine. We have also evaluated these processes by knocking down the MTRR gene in cellular models, and complementation by transducing the wild‐type gene in cblE mutant fibroblasts. All cell lines showed a significant increase in ROS content and in MnSOD expression level, and also a higher rate of apoptosis with similar levels to the ones in cblC fibroblasts. The amount of the active phosphorylated forms of p38 and JNK stress‐kinases was also increased. ROS content and apoptosis rate increased in control fibroblasts and in a glioblastoma cell line by shRNA‐mediated silencing of MTRR gene expression. In contrast, wild‐type MTRR gene corrected mutant cell lines showed a decrease in ROS and apoptosis levels. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence that an impaired remethylation capacity due to low MTRR and MTR activity might be partially responsible for stress response. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 183–191, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The social interest index: A study of construct validity
Authors: Mozdzierz Gerald J. , Semyck Roger W.
Published: August 2012

Investigated the construct validity of the Social Interest Index (SII) on a sample (N = 140) of hospitalized male alcoholics. Because of the inferred properties of social interest, it was hypothesized that the SII would relate positively with measures of some social traits, mental health, intelligence, education, and internal locus of control and would relate negatively with measures of other social traits and MMPI “pathology” scales. The hypotheses generally were supported. The significant positive correlation between the SII and social desirability was discussed along with other theoretical/methodological issues raised by the data.
The prediction of impulsive behavior: Comparative validities of obvious vs. subtle MMPI hypomania (MA) items
Authors: Hovanitz Christine A. , Gynther Malcolm D.
Published: August 2012

Assessed the relative predictive validity of obvious (0), neutral (N), and subtle (S) items of the MMPI MA scale (N = 86 males). Subtle‐obvious ratings were compared to criteria in the three types of measurement delineated by Cattell, namely, questionnaire, life‐history, and objective tests. MA‐O was correlated positively with the Experience Seeking factor of the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) as well as time taken and errors on the Porteus Maze, while MA‐S was correlated positively with the Thrill and Adventure Seeking factor of the SSS and the biographic questionnaire. MA‐N, on the other hand, was not related to any criteria. Because the correlations among the criteria themselves were generally insignificant, it was suggested that hypomania is not a homogeneous construct.
The Barron ego strength scale: A study of personality correlates among normals
Authors: Harmon Margaret H.
Published: August 2012

Although the Barron Ego Strength Scale (BESS) often has been shown to differentiate between the presence or absence of psychopathology, the exact construct measured as Ego Strength is little understood. This study related the BESS to the 15 personality needs of the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, the Tolerance Scale of the California Psychological Inventory, and the Practical Outlook Scale of the Omnibus Personality Inventory. Ss were 80 normal adult women, recruited individually from the community. Results showed significant correlations (p <.05) only between Ego Strength and Abasement (‐.44), Dominance (.19), Tolerance (.69), and Practical Outlook (‐.32). This suggests that rather than distinguishing among specific personality profiles, the BESS relates to an underlying belief in self‐adequacy, along with tolerant, balanced attitudes.
A comparison of black and white children's WISC/WISC‐R differences
Authors: Munford Paul R. , Meyerowitz Beth E. , Munford Arna M.
Published: August 2012

Administered the WISC and WISC‐R to 20 white child psychiatric outpatients in a counterbalanced design. The white Ss' WISC/WISC‐R differences were compared to equivalent data obtained from black children (Munford, 1978). For the white Ss, no differences were found between WISC and WISC‐R Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQs, whereas black children scored significantly lower on the WISC‐R than on the WISC on all three IQ measures. These findings indicate increased cultural bias in the WISC‐R, despite apparent efforts to produce contrary results. A possible reason for this seemingly paradoxical outcome is offered, and future research possibilities are suggested.
Training parents as therapists: A comparison between individual parent‐child interaction training and parent group didactic training
Authors: Eyberg Sheila M. , Matarazzo Ruth G.
Published: August 2012

Children with home behavior problems frequently are treated via training their parents to become behavior therapists for their own children. One well‐established approach has been to use didactic group training. Another approach involves parent training in specific parent‐child interaction patterns through the use of modeling, in vivo practice, and immediate feedback. In this study, the effectiveness of these two methods was compared via multiple outcome measures, which included both direct therapist observation and parent report. Twenty‐nine children between the ages of 4 and 9 were divided into didactic group‐treatment, individual mother‐child interaction training, and controls. After five training sessions, therapist observation revealed improvement in the facilitative behavior of the mothers who received individual, in‐vivo instruction, as well as improvement in the children's behavior. No significant changes were observed in the group treatment or control conditions. Specific home management behaviors were improved in all three groups according to mothers' reports. The individually trained mothers expressed significantly more satisfaction with the program. It is suggested that direct observation of mother‐child behavior, with immediate feedback, reinforcement, and further practice, may be related to the superiority of the individual training method.
Outcome expectation ratings as predictors of success in weight reduction
Authors: Bradley Ian , Poser Ernest G. , Johnson Jean Ann
Published: August 2012

Identification of obese persons likely to benefit from weight reduction programs presents considerable difficulty. Neither biological (e.g., adipose cellularity) nor psychological (e.g., MMPI profiles) measures thus far have been shown to differentiate reliably between those who do and those who do not lose weight in such programs. Fifteen obese persons about to enter a group program intended to produce “conditioned satiety” were asked to estimate the number of pounds that they expected to lose. Their outcome expectation was found to correlate significantly with weight loss recorded 7 weeks later. However, the magnitude of expected weight loss exceeded the actual amount of weight lost.
Differential effects of hypnosis, biofeedback training, and trophotropic responses on anxiety, ego strength, and locus of control
Authors: Hurley John D.
Published: August 2012

Pretested 60 college students on three scales: The IPAT Anxiety Scale, the Barron Ego‐strength scale, and the Rotter I‐E scale. The Ss then were assigned randomly to one of four treatment groups designated: Hypnotic treatment, biofeedback treatment, trophotropic treatment, and control. Three of these groups met separately for 60 minutes once a week for 8 weeks. The control group did not meet during this time. During the sessions, each group was trained in a different technique for self‐regulation. At the end of the 8‐week period the scales were readministered to all groups. A series of covariance analyses indicated that hypnosis was a more effective self‐regulatory technique for lowering anxiety levels when compared to biofeedback or trophotropic response procedures. With regard to increasing ego strength, both the hypnotic training group and the biofeedback training group proved to be significant. No significant difference was found between the experimental and control groups on the I‐E scores.
Bidirectional changes in digital skin temperature using biofeedback in a cold room
Authors: Zeiner Arthur R. , Pollak Michael H.
Published: August 2012

The ability to increase digital skin temperature (DST) of cold extremities or to prevent decreases in DST in a cold environment may be useful clinically in the treatment of Raynaud's disease or in the alleviation of the effects of stressful stimuli. Ten Ss, each of whom participated in five sessions, were studied in a room at 20°C. Each session was divided into 5‐minute trials during which Ss either received auditory biofeedback of DST and tried to increase or decrease DST or received no feedback and merely sat quietly (Baseline trials). There were significant changes in DST during Baseline trials; these changes were different at different times during the session. The difference between Increase and Decrease trials was significant. The DST decrease during Decrease trials was significantly different from the change during corresponding Baseline trials, while the Increase trial DST, although of the same magnitude as the decrease trial, did not differ significantly from its corresponding Baseline trials DST.
A comparison of three covert assertion training procedures
Authors: Twentyman Craig T. , Pharr Daniel R. , Connor Jane M.
Published: August 2012

Assessed the effectiveness of covert modification procedures in an assertion training program (N = 52). At pretest, Ss chosen on the basis of high scores on an assertion questionnaire were compared to low scoring Ss in a behavioral role play test. Significant differences between these groups were obtained on behavioral ratings. After the pretest, the nonassertive Ss were assigned randomly to a no‐treatment control group or to one of three treatment groups that received covert assertion training procedures. One treatment group received a program that emphasized the generation of alternative responses, while a second group received training directed at restructuring hypothesized negative self‐statements. The third treatment group received a social skills treatment program that employed covert rehearsal procedures. All the treatment groups were superior to the control in behavioral ratings of assertiveness during the posttest in those situations that had been employed previously in treatment; two were superior in those that had not been used and thereby provided evidence of transfer of training. Results are discussed with regard to assessment issues in assertion training programs and the use of cognitively oriented procedures in producing behavioral changes.
Assertion training: Effectiveness in the treatment of depression
Authors: Sanchez Victor C. , Lewinsohn Peter M. , Larson Douglas W.
Published: August 2012

Assigned depressed outpatients (N = 32) to either group assertion training or “traditional” group psychotherapy. The results showed that over a relatively short period of time, assertion training was more effective than traditional psychotherapy in increasing self‐reported assertiveness and in alleviating depression.
Three‐year follow‐up data in overweight treatment
Authors: Hautzinger Martin
Published: August 2012

Reassessed 3 years after the termination of a weight reduction program the body weight of former participants to control long‐term efficiency of behavior‐oriented weight reduction programs. Of 31 former participants, 21 could be rechecked. Most of the Ss stabilized their body weight or continued to reduce weight. Only 4 Ss regained weight over the 3‐year period. On an average, the group of former Ss lost 4.4 kilograms over the follow‐up period. The whole reduction (therapy time and follow‐up) resulted in 11.3 kilograms. These results are encouraging, but difficult to discuss because no member of the former control group could be reassessed after 3 years and 10 Ss of the former therapy‐groups could not be motivated to renewed collaboration. However, these results support the behavior‐oriented approach to weight reduction and give evidence for the stabilizing function of such a therapy.
Levels of psychological experience in asthma: General and illness‐specific concomitants of panic‐fear personality
Authors: Kinsman Robert A. , Dirks Jerald F. , Jones Nelson F.
Published: August 2012

Coping styles in asthma indexed by a Panic‐Fear personality measure are known to influence physicians' medical decisions and long‐term treatment outcome. Unusually High or Low Panic‐Fear personality styles are maladaptive, the former characterized by anxious, helpless dependency and the latter by an extreme counterphobic independence. In this study (N = 90), the psychological experiences among Panic‐Fear personality groups (Low, Moderate, and High) of asthma patients are described at three levels of assessment: (1) general personality characteristics; (2) attitudes toward asthma and its treatment; and (3) the subjective symptoms reported during breathing difficulties. Comparisons among the groups delineated the linkages between Panic‐Fear personality and more illness‐specific attitudes, symptoms, and experiences in asthma. Discussion centered upon how general personality and illness‐specific characteristics associated with extreme High and Low Panic‐Fear personality may contribute to the psychomaintenance of asthma.
Therapeutic relationship and improvement as perceived by clients and therapists
Authors: Cooley Eric J. , Lajoy Ronald
Published: August 2012

Therapeutic relationship as perceived by clients (N = 54) and therapists (N = 8) at a community mental health clinic was rated on Lorr's (1965) five main factors: Understanding, Accepting, Critical, Independence‐Encouraging, and Authoritarian (Directive). These perceptions were correlated with client and therapist ratings of improvement. In addition, discrepancies between client and therapist ratings of the relationship were correlated with outcome measures. Findings indicated that client perceptions of therapists as Understanding and Accepting were correlated most highly with self‐reported improvement. Therapists self‐perception of Independence‐Encouraging was correlated most highly with client‐rated improvement, while therapists' self‐perception of Accepting and Understanding was correlated most highly with therapist‐rated improvement. Differences between client and therapist ratings of the Understanding and Accepting qualities of the therapeutic relationship showed the highest negative correlations with both client and therapist improvement ratings. Implications for therapeutic and research strategies are discussed.
Perception of self and significant others by male and female alcoholics
Authors: Pushkash Mark , Quereshi M. Y.
Published: August 2012

Alcoholic and nonalcoholic adult males and females (N = 100) judged self and three intimate others on four personality characteristics. Multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that alcoholics viewed themselves and their fathers as more unhappy, less sociable, and less productive and persistent; they judged their mothers as more unhappy and less productive and persistent, and they rated their spouses as more unhappy and less sociable than did non‐alcoholics. Also, alcoholics were more variable in their evaluation of self and intimate others.
MMPI profiles and code types of responsible and non‐responsible criminal defendants
Authors: Kurlychek Robert T. , Jordan L.
Published: August 2012

Compared MMPI profiles and two‐point code types of criminal defendants (N = 50) who were pleading a defense of “not responsible due to mental disease or defect.” In examining the mean, non‐K corrected raw scores, no significant differences were found between those defendants determined responsible and those determined non‐responsible on individual MMPI scales. A sign test was computed, treating the clinical scales as matched pairs, and a significant difference was found; the non‐responsible group profile was more elevated. Two‐point codes were determined for each group member, and the percentages of individuals within each group who had the same two‐point codes were calculated. A chi‐square test was significant, which indicates that there is an association between the classification of an individual and the two‐point code produced. The 8‐7 code type was modal for the responsible group, while the 8‐6 code type was modal for the non‐responsible group. These findings are discussed, and future research directions in this area are suggested.
The adolescent antisocial behavior check list
Authors: Ostrov Eric , Marohn Richard C. , Offer Daniel , Curtiss Glenn , Feczko Mary
Published: August 2012

Described the development and validation of a behavioral checklist that focuses on adolescent inpatient (N = 55) antisocial behavior. Reliability data and three sub‐studies that tend to establish the validity of this instrument as a measure of antisocial behavior were presented. The implications for the study of adolescent antisocial behavior as a dependent variable were discussed.
Genomic occupancy of HLH, AP1 and Runx2 motifs within a nuclease sensitive site of the Runx2 gene
Authors: Hovhannisyan Hayk , Zhang Ying , Hassan Mohammad Q. , Wu Hai , Glackin Carlotta , Lian Jane B. , Stein Janet L. , Montecino Martin , Stein Gary S. , van Wijnen Andre J.
Published: August 2012

Epigenetic mechanisms mediating expression of the Runt‐related transcription factor Runx2 are critical for controlling its osteogenic activity during skeletal development. Here, we characterized bona fide regulatory elements within 120 kbp of the endogenous bone‐related Runx2 promoter (P1) in osteoblasts by genomic DNase I footprinting and chromatin immuno‐precipitations (ChIPs). We identified a ∼10 kbp genomic domain spanning the P1 promoter that interacts with acetylated histones H3 and H4 reflecting an open chromatin conformation in MC3T3 osteoblasts. This large chromatin domain contains a single major DNaseI hypersensitive (DHS) region that defines a 0.4 kbp “basal core” promoter. This region encompasses two endogenous genomic protein/DNA interaction sites (i.e., footprints at Activating Protein 1 [AP1], E‐box and Runx motifs). Helix‐Loop‐Helix (HLH)/E‐box occupancy and presence of the DHS region persists in several mesenchymal cell types, but AP1 site occupancy occurs only during S phase when Runx2 expression is minimal. Point‐mutation of the HLH/E box dramatically reduces basal promoter activity. Our results indicate that the Runx2 P1 promoter utilizes two stable principal protein/DNA interaction domains associated with AP1 and HLH factors. These sites function together with dynamic and developmentally responsive sites in a major DHS region to support epigenetic control of bone‐specific transcription when osteoblasts transition into a quiescent or differentiated state. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 313–321, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chromatin dynamics in living cells: Identification of oscillatory motion
Authors: Pliss Artem , Malyavantham Kishore S. , Bhattacharya Sambit , Berezney Ronald
Published: August 2012

Genomic DNA in mammalian cells is organized into ∼1 Mbp chromatin domains (ChrD) which represent the basic structural units for DNA compaction, replication, and transcription. Remarkably, ChrD are highly dynamic and undergo both translational movement and configurational changes. In this study, we introduce an automated motion tracking analysis to measure, both in 2D and 3D, the linear displacement of early, mid and late S‐phase replicated ChrD over short time periods (<1 sec). We conclude that previously identified large‐scale transitions in the spatial position and configuration of chromatin, originate from asymmetric oscillations of the ChrD detectable in fractions of a second. The rapid oscillatory motion correlates with the replication timing of the ChrD with early S replicated ChrD showing the highest levels of motion and late S‐phase chromatin the lowest. Virtually identical levels of oscillatory motion were detected when ChrD were measured during active DNA replication or during inhibition of transcription with DRB or α‐amanitin. While this motion is energy independent, the oscillations of early S and mid S, but not late S replicated chromatin, are reduced by cell permeabilization. This suggests involvement of soluble factors in the regulation of chromatin dynamics. The DNA intercalating agent actinomycin D also significantly inhibits early S‐labeled chromatin oscillation. We propose that rapid asymmetric oscillations of <1 sec are the basis for translational movements and configurational changes in ChrD previously detected over time spans of minutes–hours, and are the result of both the stochastic collisions of macromolecules and specific molecular interactions. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 609–616, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An activator of the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway promotes osteogenesis from human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Kim Jung‐Min , Choi Jin Seok , Kim Yun‐Hee , Jin Seong Hui , Lim Seyoung , Jang Hyun‐Jun , Kim Kyong‐Tai , Ryu Sung Ho , Suh Pann‐Ghill
Published: August 2012

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells capable of differentiating along the osteoblast, adipocyte, and chondrocyte lineages. Regulation of MSCs differentiation may be a useful tool for regenerative medicine and cell‐based therapy. The discovery of small molecule that activates the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs could aid in the development of a new anabolic drug for osteoporosis treatment. We identified CW008, a derivative of pyrazole–pyridine, that stimulates osteoblast differentiation of human MSCs and increases bone formation in ovariectomized mice. CW008 promotes osteogenesis by activating cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway and inhibiting leptin secretion. These results suggest that CW008 is an agonist of cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway in osteogenic differentiation and that application of CW008 may be useful for the treatment of bone‐related diseases and for the study of bone biology. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 617–626, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐resolution mass spectrometry and hydrogen/deuterium exchange study of mitorubrin azaphilones and nitrogenized analogues
Authors: Svilar Ljubica , Stankov‐Jovanovic Vesna , Lesage Denis , Dossmann Héloïse , Tabet Jean‐Claude
Published: August 2012

Azaphilones represent numerous groups of wild fungal secondary metabolites that exhibit exceptional tendency to bind to nitrogen atoms in various molecules, especially those containing the amine group. Nitrogenized analogues of mitorubrin azaphilones, natural secondary metabolites of Hypoxylon fragiforme fungus, have been detected in the fungal methanol extract in very low concentrations. Positive electrospray ionization interfaced with high‐resolution mass spectrometry was applied for confirmation of the elemental composition of protonated species. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) experiments have been performed, and fragmentation mechanisms have been proposed. Additional information regarding both secondary metabolite analogue families has been reached by application of gas‐phase proton/deuterium (H/D) exchanges performed in the collision cell of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. An incomplete H/D exchange with one proton less than expected was observed for both protonated mitorubrin azaphilones and their nitrogenized analogues. By means of the density functional theory, an appropriate explanation of this behavior was provided, and it revealed some information concerning gas‐phase H/D exchange mechanism and protonation sites. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MALDI‐based intact spore mass spectrometry of downy and powdery mildews
Authors: Chalupová Jana , Sedlářová Michaela , Helmel Michaela , Řehulka Pavel , Marchetti‐Deschmann Martina , Allmaier Günter , Šebela Marek
Published: August 2012

Fast and easy identification of fungal phytopathogens is of great importance in agriculture. In this context, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) has emerged as a powerful tool for analyzing microorganisms. This study deals with a methodology for MALDI‐TOF MS‐based identification of downy and powdery mildews representing obligate biotrophic parasites of crop plants. Experimental approaches for the MS analyses were optimized using Bremia lactucae, cause of lettuce downy mildew, and Oidium neolycopersici, cause of tomato powdery mildew. This involved determining a suitable concentration of spores in the sample, selection of a proper MALDI matrix, looking for the optimal solvent composition, and evaluation of different sample preparation methods. Furthermore, using different MALDI target materials and surfaces (stainless steel vs polymer‐based) and applying various conditions for sample exposure to the acidic MALDI matrix system were investigated. The dried droplet method involving solvent evaporation at room temperature was found to be the most suitable for the deposition of spores and MALDI matrix on the target and the subsequent crystallization. The concentration of spore suspension was optimal between 2 and 5 × 109 spores per ml. The best peptide/protein profiles (in terms of signal‐to‐noise ratio and number of peaks) were obtained by combining ferulic and sinapinic acids as a mixed MALDI matrix. A pretreatment of the spore cell wall with hydrolases was successfully introduced prior to MS measurements to obtain more pronounced signals. Finally, a novel procedure was developed for direct mass spectra acquisition from infected plant leaves. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of gait in patients following a computer‐navigated minimally invasive anterior approach and a conventional posterolateral approach for total hip arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Reininga Inge H.F. , Stevens Martin , Wagenmakers Robert , Boerboom Alexander L. , Groothoff Johan W. , Bulstra Sjoerd K. , Zijlstra Wiebren
Published: August 2012

Minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (MIS THA) aims at minimizing damage to muscles and tendons to accelerate postoperative recovery. Computer navigation allows a precise prosthesis alignment without complete visualization of the bony landmarks during MIS THA. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a computer‐navigated MIS anterior approach for THA compared to a conventional posterolateral THA technique on the restoration of physical functioning during recovery following surgery. Thirty‐five patients underwent computer‐navigated MIS THA via the anterior approach, and 40 patients underwent conventional THA using the conventional posterolateral approach. Gait analysis was performed preoperatively, 6 weeks, and 3 and 6 months postoperatively using a body‐fixed‐sensor based gait analysis system. Walking speed, step length, cadence, and frontal plane angular movements of the pelvis and thorax were assessed. The same data were obtained from 30 healthy subjects. No differences were found in the recovery of spatiotemporal parameters or in angular movements of the pelvis and thorax following the computer‐navigated MIS anterior approach or the conventional posterolateral approach. Although gait improved after surgery, small differences in several spatiotemporal parameters and angular movements of the trunk remained at 6 months postoperatively between both patient groups and healthy subjects. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 288–294, 2013
Intraoperative C‐arm cone‐beam computed tomography: Quantitative analysis of surgical performance in skull base surgery
Authors: Lee Stella , Gallia Gary L. , Reh Douglas D. , Schafer Sebastian , Uneri Ali , Mirota Daniel J. , Nithiananthan Sajendra , Otake Yoshito , Stayman J. Webster , Zbijewski Wojciech , Siewerdsen Jeffrey H.
Published: August 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To determine whether incorporation of intraoperative imaging via a new cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) image‐guidance system improves accuracy and facilitates resection in sinus and skull‐base surgery through quantification of surgical performance.

Study Design:

Landmark identification and skull base ablation tasks were performed with a CBCT intraoperative image‐guidance system in the experimental group and with image‐guided surgery (IGS) alone based on preoperative computed tomography (CT) in the control group.

Methods:

Six cadaveric heads underwent preoperative CT imaging and surgical planning identifying surgical targets. Three types of surgical tasks were planned: landmark point identification, line contour identification, and volume drill‐out. Key anatomic structures (carotid artery and optic nerve) were chosen for landmark identification and line contour tasks. Complete ethmoidectomy, vidian corridor drill‐out, and clival resection were performed for volume ablation tasks. The CBCT guidance system was used in the experimental group and performance was assessed by metrics of target registration error, sensitivity, and specificity of excision.

Results:

Significant improvements were seen for point identification and line tracing tasks. Additional resection was performed in 67% of tasks in the CBCT group, and qualitative feedback indicated unequivocal improvement in confidence for all tasks. In review of tasks in the control group, additional resection would have been performed in 35% of tasks if an intraoperative image was available.

Conclusions:

An experimental prototype C‐arm CBCT guidance system was shown to improve surgical precision in the identification of skull base targets and increase accuracy in the ablation of surgical target volumes in comparison to using IGS alone.
Halloysite Clay Nanotubes for Resveratrol Delivery to Cancer Cells
Authors: Vergaro Viviana , Lvov Yuri M. , Leporatti Stefano
Published: August 2012

Halloysite is natural aluminosilicate clay with hollow tubular structure which allows loading with low soluble drugs using their saturated solutions in organic solvents. Resveratrol, a polyphenol known for having antioxidant and antineoplastic properties, is loaded inside these clay nanotubes lumens. Release time of 48 h is demonstrated. Spectroscopic and ζ‐potential measurements are used to study the drug loading/release and for monitoring the nanotube layer‐by‐layer (LbL) coating with polyelectrolytes for further release control. Resveratrol‐loaded clay nanotubes are added to breast cell cultures for toxicity tests. Halloysite functionalization with LbL polyelectrolyte multilayers remarkably decrease nanotube self‐toxicity. MTT measurements performed with a neoplastic cell lines model system (MCF‐7) as function of the resveratrol‐loaded nanotubes concentration and incubation time indicate that drug‐loaded halloysite strongly increase of cytotoxicity leading to cell apoptosis.

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Emergence of Polymer Stereocomplexes for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Bertin Annabelle
Published: August 2012

Polylactide (PLA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) constitute, already for several decades, the gold standards for various biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility/inertness. Moreover, they have an additional property: they can form stereocomplexes (SCs) that have a more compact crystalline structure than the individual components. As a result, polymer SCs display improved thermal and mechanical properties, as well as delayed drug release and biodegradation rate in the case of drug delivery systems and biomaterials based on PLA, which is of prime importance in the biomedical field. In this article, the potential of SCs for biomedical applications in the areas of drug delivery, tissue engineering, and nanostructured surfaces is highlighted.
Preparation of Fluorescent Conjugated Polymer Films with Different Emission Colors: Investigation into the Influences of Chemical Structure and Morphology
Authors: Zhao Wei , Song Jing , Shao Ya , Zhang Wei , Au Aaron , Fan Li‐Juan
Published: August 2012

A series of PPV films with different fluorescent emission colors are prepared using a facile approach. Modified from the conventional Wessling route, the labile sulfonium groups in the polymer precursor (pre‐PPV) are partly substituted to various degrees by relatively stable methoxy groups, followed by a regular thermal elimination step to obtain PPV. Different chemical structures among these films are confirmed by IR and photophysical studies. Two film‐preparative processes are compared and the films are studied by SEM and confocal fluorescent microscopy. From the same polymer precursor, different preparative processes result in PPV films with different morphologies but the same photophysical properties.
Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Fluorescence‐Labeled RAFT Agents and Their Application in the Preparation of α‐,ω‐ and α,ω‐End‐Fluorescence‐Labeled Polymers
Authors: Guo Ruiwei , Wang Xingxing , Guo Chungang , Dong Anjie , Zhang Jianhua
Published: August 2012

The novel fluorescence‐labeled RAFT agents 2‐(4‐benzyl)benzoxazole benzodithioate (BBB) and 2‐(4‐benzyl)benzoxazole 9H‐carbazole‐9‐carbodithioate (BBCC) were synthesized via a nucleophilic substitution reaction between commercially available 2‐(4‐(chloromethyl)phenyl)benzoxazole (CMPB) and excessive carbodithioate or dithiocarbamate salts. BBB bearing benzoxazole at R‐group and BBCC carrying benzoxazole and carbazole at R‐ and Z‐group can be applied to directly obtain α‐ and α,ω‐end‐fluorescence‐labeled polymers, respectively. Considering the mild reaction conditions and readily available dyes, the reactions between CMPB and dithiocarbamate or carbodithioate salts should be a very simple and promising approach to synthesize fluorescent RAFT agents and polymers.
Design of a nested eight‐channel sodium and four‐channel proton coil for 7T knee imaging
Authors: Brown Ryan , Madelin Guillaume , Lattanzi Riccardo , Chang Gregory , Regatte Ravinder R. , Sodickson Daniel K. , Wiggins Graham C.
Published: August 2012

The critical design aim for a sodium/proton coil is to maximize sodium sensitivity and transmit field homogeneity while simultaneously providing adequate proton sensitivity and homogeneity. While most dual‐frequency coils use lossy high‐impedance trap circuits or PIN diodes to allow dual‐resonance, we explored a nested‐coil design for sodium/proton knee imaging at 7 T. A stand‐alone eight‐channel sodium receive array was implemented without standard dual‐resonance circuitry to provide improved sodium signal‐to‐noise ratio. A detunable sodium birdcage was added for homogeneous sodium excitation and a four‐channel proton transmit‐receive array was added to provide anatomical reference imaging and B0 shimming capabilities. Both additional modules were implemented with minimal disturbance to the eight‐channel sodium array by managing their respective resonances and geometrical arrangement. In vivo sodium signal‐to‐noise ratio was 1.2–1.7 times greater in the developed eight‐channel array than in a mononuclear sodium birdcage coil, whereas the developed four‐channel proton array provided signal‐to‐noise ratio similar to that of a commercial mononuclear proton birdcage coil. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.