bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth and Nutritional Status of Passiflora edulis f. Flavicarpa, With the Application of Organic Compound in Amazonian Soil
Authors: Silva Sávia P. da , Viégas Ismael de J. M. , Galvão Jessivaldo R. , Conceição Heraclito E. O. da , Silva Dioclea A. S. , Yakuwa Tiago K. M. , Costa Merilene do S. S. , Gomes Jhonatah A. , Sagais Camila N. , Raiol Sharon E. B. , Azevedo Jorge C.
Published: June 2019

Growth with organic fertilizers has increased in recent years because of the beneficial effect of organic matter on intensely cultivated soils and the high costs of mineral fertilizers. In order to evaluate the effects of organic compost doses produced from family farming waste on the growth and nutritional status of the passion fruit, an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, in Belém, State of Pará, in the period from March to June, 2012. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and four replications, with each experimental plot made up by a pot with a volume of 3.6 dm3 of soil and a yellow passion fruit seedling. Five doses of organic compost (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%) were tested out of the total volume of the substrate. The compost was formed by mixing 10% poultry litter, 20% duck litter, 15% manioc husk, 15% cassava leaf, 15% bean straw, 15% rice husk, and 10% corn cob. The different amounts of organic compost were mixed in volumetric proportions of substrate of Yellow Latosol with a sandy texture, taken from the surface layer (0-20 cm). It was found that at 97 days, the best results were achieved at the dose of 60% of the compost. The content and accumulation of macronutrients in the foliar tissue of the yellow passion fruit plants followed this descending order: K > N > Ca > P > Mg ≥ S.
Economic Analysis of Taro-Sunn Hemp Intercropping With Broccoli, Green Maize and Snow Pea as Successive Crops
Authors: Colombo João Nacir , Puiatti Mário , Krause Marcelo Rodrigo , Bittencourt Marília Cecília , Vieira Janiele Cássia Barbosa , Silva Toshik Iarley da
Published: June 2019

Although several studies about intercropping green manures with vegetable crops have already been carried out, there are few studies in which the economic analysis was performed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the economic profitability of the taro and Crotalaria juncea consortium, as well as broccoli, green maize and snow pea grown in succession. The treatments correspond to 10 different cutting dates of the sunn hemp during its intercropping with taro (55, 70, 85, 100, 115, 130, 145, 160, 190 and 220 DAS-days after sowing), plus the monoculture of the taro. Under the legumious cover crop straw were grown in succession: broccoli, green maize and snow pea. The use of Crotalaria juncea in a consortium does not affect the productivity and economic profitability of the taro when cutting up to 130 DAS. The residual effect of Crotalaria juncea grown in consortium with taro increases the economic yield of broccoli when the cutting is performed from 145 DAS. However, it does not affect green maize and snow pea. When the taro is cultivated intercropped with Crotalaria juncea and in succession broccoli, green maize and snow pea are grown, higher yields and economic incomes are obtained by cutting the leguminous green manure up to 130 DAS.
Waarheidsplicht en bewijslastverdeling
Authors: El Gamali Redouan , Tjong Tjin Tai Eric
Published: June 2019

Waarheidsplicht en bewijslastverdeling

In deze bijdrage wordt de verhouding tussen de waarheidsplicht en de bewijslastverdeling aan een nader onderzoek onderworpen. Besproken zal worden de praktische uitwerking van de interactie tussen de twee leerstukken. Het wetsvoorstel vereenvoudiging en modernisering bewijsrecht wordt daarbij betrokken. Geconcludeerd zal worden dat de waarheidsplicht in zeker opzicht breder is dan de bewijslastverdeling, maar zij is niet los te denken van de vraag wie het bewijsrisico draagt. Een verbeterd sanctiestelsel zou de waarheidsplicht beter doen aansluiten bij de praktijk van het civiele proces.
O aprendizado de Nando diante de duas situações extremas: o golpe civil-militar e a tortura
Authors: Ochiussi Glener Cruz
Published: June 2019

Este trabalho pretende analisar o aprendizado de Nando - personagem central do romance “Quarup”, de Antonio Callado - diante de duas situações extremas: o golpe civil-militar de 1964 e a experiência da tortura. A primeira situação-limite está diretamente relacionada à personagem Francisca, a grande paixão do protagonista, a segunda a Manuel Tropeiro, amigo sincero de Nando. De modo esquemático, estes dois personagens guiam a formação política de Nando diante das situações acima citadas. De acordo com nossa leitura, estes dois trechos conflitivos do enredo são cruciais para a formação integral de Nando.
Literatura e rap na/da prisão
Authors: Zeni Bruno
Published: June 2019

Dentre os livros de teor literário sobre a prisão lançados no Brasil na última década, destacam-se alguns que se relacionam com a música rap. Nesses livros, como Diário de um detento (2001), de Jocenir, e Sobrevivente André du Rap (2002), de André du Rap, o rap aparece como elemento de identificação e recurso de comunicação com o leitor. Em situação análoga, grupos de rap como Comunidade Carcerária, Detentos do Rap e 509-E produziram composições sobre a cadeia. Os Racionais MCs, apesar de não terem passado pela experiência do cárcere, têm importantes músicas sobre o tema, como “Diário de um detento” (1997), sobre o Massacre do Carandiru (1992). Analisam-se neste artigo textos da literatura prisional recente e composições de rap em que a cadeia, o crime e o próprio rap são elementos de caracterização de personagens e de estabelecimento de um público, leitor ou ouvinte, que se pretende atingir.
“Ó vós que entrais perdei toda a esperança.” A estética da resistência no cinema argentino
Authors: Graziadei Neiva Maria Mallmann
Published: June 2019

Este artigo pretende abordar o conceito de resistência em cinco filmes produzidos durante a última ditadura cívico-militar na Argentina ocorrida entre os anos de 1970 e 1980. Não obstante o final dessa, o período ainda provoca, no meio intelectual e restante dos argentinos em geral, reações estéticas contrárias àquele regime. Minha hipótese é de que os filmes, La historia oficial (1985) La noche de los lápices (1986), Garage Olimpo (1999), Kamchatka (2002) e Kóblic (2016) aqui analisados, resultam de uma memória aberta e muito presente na filmografia argentina, numa clara atitude de resistência à ditadura como também às tentativas de apagamento da memória.
Caracterização gravimétrica e projeção de geração dos resíduos sólidos no município de Curaçá/BA
Authors: Rodrigues Heitor de Santana , Gonçalves Emanuela , Ferreira Iara Jeanice Souza , Amorim Miriam Cleide Cavalcante
Published: June 2019

O aumento exacerbado dos resíduos sólidos nos municípios têm gerado grandes impactos sociais e ambientais, caminhando em contramão à legislação vigente instituída pela Politica Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos. É a partir dessa perspectiva que o presente trabalho se dedica a diagnosticar o manejo dos resíduos sólidos da sede do munícipio de Curaçá/BA, visando realizar a identificação de aspectos relacionados à composição, coleta e a disposição final. Para tal, avaliou-se a gestão, a infraestrutura de destinação final dos resíduos e realizou-se a caracterização, a partir da análise gravimétrica, dos mesmos. A cidade dispõe de um ‘lixão’ para fazer o descarte dos resíduos gerados, constatando a infraestrutura insipiente. Além disso, 60% dos resíduos produzidos na sede são oriundos da matéria orgânica. Portanto, soluções como a compostagem e a produção de biogás tornam-se processos que minimizam os impactos ambientais e são atividades que podem ser conduzidas de maneira sustentável.
Convergências e similaridades entre os campos da educação ambiental, educação estética e educação patrimonial
Authors: Matarezi José , Koehntopp Paulo Ivo , Lamas Nadja de Carvalho
Published: June 2019

Neste artigo de revisão teórica, evidencia-se uma conjuntura de crises e transições paradigmáticas, desafiando o mundo contemporâneo a trilhar os caminhos que levem à construção de sociedades sustentáveis. Pela pesquisa bibliográfica, procurou-se estabelecer um diálogo entre a Educação Ambiental, Estética e Patrimonial, em busca de suas convergências e similaridades.
Déploiement du programme-cadre montréalais en négligence Alliance : évaluation de quatre expériences territoriales
Authors: Dufour Sarah , Clément Marie-Ève , Milot Tristan , Léveillé Sophie
Published: June 2019

Il y a dix ans, le ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux précisait dans ses orientations que chaque région du Québec devait être couverte par un programme d’intervention destiné aux parents négligents, ou à risque de l’être, et de leurs enfants, par le biais de collaborations entre partenaires des réseaux formels (CSSS et centres jeunesse) et informels (organismes de la communauté). Cet article présente une analyse de la première phase de déploiement du programme-cadre en négligence, intituléAlliance, implanté dans la région de Montréal. Plus particulièrement, il vise à présenter l’expérience de mise en oeuvre d’Alliancedans quatre territoires contrastés sur le plan géographique, de leur diversité ethnoculturelle et de leur histoire antérieure de partenariat dans l’offre de services aux familles. Trois sources de données par territoire ont été analysées : une entrevue de groupe, une fiche bilan des activités de mise en oeuvre et un plan de réalisation local. Une analyse intra et inter-cas reposant sur une stratégie de triangulation des données a permis de cerner les dynamiques à l’oeuvre dans chacun des territoires à l’étude. Deux enjeux névralgiques au coeur des expériences territoriales de mise en oeuvre d’Allianceont ainsi été mis en lumière : l’appropriation du programme-cadre par les acteurs et leur mobilisation en vue de l’implanter. La comparaison des récits territoriaux a également permis de dégager la gradation des territoires selon ces deux enjeux et de proposer des recommandations en vue d’optimiser le déploiement.
Intégration scolaire d’élèves présentant des difficultés d’ordre comportemental : liens entre attitude des enseignants, stress et qualité de la relation enseignant-élève
Authors: Plouffe Thomas , Couture Caroline , Massé Line , Bégin Jean-Yves , Rousseau Michel
Published: June 2019

Les élèves présentant des difficultés comportementales sont parmi ceux ayant le plus faible taux d’intégration en classe ordinaire. Plusieurs variables propres à l’enseignant sont considérées comme ayant un impact dans le processus intégratif de ces élèves. Le présent article évalue les associations entre certaines de ces variables, dont le stress de l’enseignant et la qualité de sa relation avec l’élève présentant des difficultés d’ordre comportementale, dans l’établissement d’une attitude favorable ou défavorable à l’égard de l’intégration. L’échantillon se compose de 221 enseignants (77 hommes et 144 femmes) de niveau secondaire. Les résultats d’une analyse de régression font ressortir le pouvoir prédictif autant du stress que de la qualité de la relation enseignant-élève sur l’attitude de l’enseignant. L’ajout de variables secondaires (années d’expérience d’enseignement, formation initiale reliée aux élèves présentant des difficultés comportementales, sexe des enseignants) dans le modèle de régression, contribue à l’effet global d’interaction, ce qui suggère leur effet modérateur. Ces résultats témoignent de la nécessité d’agir sur deux fronts à la fois, afin d’améliorer les attitudes des enseignants quant à l’intégration scolaire de ces élèves : sur leur stress à enseigner à ces derniers et sur la qualité de la relation enseignant-élève.
The Beginnings of Translation Studies
Authors: St-Pierre Paul
Published: June 2019

It was in the 1970s that the object of study in literature departments began to change, under the impetus of novel approaches, some radically new and others renewed forms of older ones—structuralism, semiotics, intertextuality, psychoanalysis, pragmatics, deconstruction, reader-response theory, hermeneutics, discourse analysis, etc. Many (but not all) of these were French in origin, at least in part: the names of Lévi-Strauss, Barthes, Kristeva, Lacan, Derrida, Ricoeur, Foucault can be cited. And along with the change in the definition of the object of study came a change in the way literature departments defined themselves and their role. This is clear from the way department of literatures renamed themselves and introduced new programs. These changes came about at different times in different places, dependent in good part on the amount of access that existed to the publications—many of which were in French—but especially to the debates they gave rise to. It was in this context of expansion and of redefinition—presented here in terms of my own particular history—that an interest in translation, and later in Translation Studies, developed. Of course, translation was not an entirely new object of study; linguists and students of literature (especially of comparative literature) had on occasion acknowledged its existence, and even at times, its importance. However, it was only with the advent of the new approaches to texts, to reading, to interpretation, and to the context of the transmission of meaning(s) and of expression, that a conception of the importance of translation, and of its interest from a theoretical point of view, was able to develop. This led, in the 1980s, to the construction of a new discipline—Translation Studies.
Perspectives on Cognition, Translation, and Translators
Authors: Séguinot Candace
Published: June 2019

Looking back on the past thirty years, this article traces the development of our understanding of the translation process, how we study it, how we have moved from essentialism to an appreciation of variation and context, what we’ve learned about how the mind stores and accesses language, and how the specifics of the translating environment affects the work of the professional translator.
Introducción a la fotografía móvil
Authors: Cordero David
Published: June 2019

David Cordero nos cuenta los principios básicos de la fotografía móvil y cómo sacarle el máximo provecho.
Wind prevents cliff-breeding birds from accessing nests through loss of flight control
Authors: Shepard Emily , Cole Emma-Louise , Neate Andrew , Lempidakis Emmanouil , Ross Andrew
Published: June 2019

For fast-flying birds, the ability to respond to wind during landing is critical, as errors can lead to injury or even death. Nonetheless, landing ability, and its ecological significance, remain unstudied. We show that for auks, 60% of attempts to land at their cliff nests fail in a strong breeze (80% in near-gale winds). This is most likely because wind interferes with the ability to maintain flight control in the last phase of landing. Their extreme flight costs mean that the energetic penalty for multiple landing attempts is high. We propose that exposure, and ability to respond to, such conditions will influence the suitability of breeding habitat. In support of this (i) auk colonies appear to be orientated away from prevailing winds and (ii) landing success within colonies is higher on crowded ledges with more airspace for manoeuvring. More generally, the interplay between wind and flight capacities could impact breeding distributions across species and scales.
In-plane distribution of water inside Nafion®thin film analyzed by neutron reflectivity at temperature of 80 °C and relative humidity of 30%–80% based on 4-layered structural model
Authors: Kawamoto Teppei , Aoki Makoto , Kimura Taro , Mizusawa Takako , Yamada Norifumi L. , Miyake Junpei , Miyatake Kenji , Inukai Junji
Published: June 2019

Structures of polymer electrolyte membranes and binders and the distribution of water inside are important for designing new ion-conductive ionomers for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Neutron reflectometry (NR) was carried out on a Nafion®film with a thickness of 100 nm formed on native SiO2surface on Si(100) for understanding the in-plane water distribution. The temperature was set at 80 °C and the relative humidity at 30, 50, 65, and 80% for NR measurements, simulating the conditions for the power generation. Clear NR modulation was obtained under each condition. NR data were fit very well with a 4-layer model parallel to the substrate with different densities of Nafion and water. At the interface between the Nafion film and the Si substrate, a 1 nm water-rich layer was observed under all conditions. The water concentration increased with humidity at all 4 layers, but the thickness increased mainly at the bulk layer.
Estimating biological accuracy of DSM for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on multivariate analysis for small samples
Authors: Abramov Dimitri M. , Lazarev Vladimir V. , Gomes Junior Saint Clair , Mourao-Junior Carlos Alberto , Castro-Pontes Monique , Cunha Carla Q. , deAzevedo Leonardo C. , Vigneau Evelyne
Published: June 2019

Objective

To estimate whether the “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” (DSM) is biologically accurate for the diagnosis of Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) using a biological-based classifier built by a special method of multivariate analysis of a large dataset of a small sample (much more variables than subjects), holding neurophysiological, behavioral, and psychological variables.

Methods

Twenty typically developing boys and 19 boys diagnosed with ADHD, aged 10–13 years, were examined using the Attentional Network Test (ANT) with recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs). From 774 variables, a reduced number of latent variables (LVs) were extracted with a clustering of variables method (CLV), for further reclassification of subjects using the k-means method. This approach allowed a multivariate analysis to be applied to a significantly larger number of variables than the number of cases.

Results

From datasets including ERPs from the mid-frontal, mid-parietal, right frontal, and central scalp areas, we found 82% of agreement between DSM and biological-based classifications. The kappa index between DSM and behavioral/psychological/neurophysiological data was 0.75, which is regarded as a “substantial level of agreement”.

Discussion

The CLV is a useful method for multivariate analysis of datasets with much less subjects than variables. In this study, a correlation is found between the biological-based classifier and the DSM outputs for the classification of subjects as either ADHD or not. This result suggests that DSM clinically describes a biological condition, supporting its validity for ADHD diagnostics.
Engagement in physical activity, suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts among older people in five developing countries
Authors: Ghose Bishwajit , Wang Ruoxi , Tang Shangfeng , Yaya Sanni
Published: June 2019

Background

Suicide causes rising economic costs and public health risks for communities in the worldwide. Physical activity (PA) is considered a potentially feasible approach to reduce risk of suicide with low cost and high accessibility, and therefore attracting increasing attention. However, current literature on the association between PA and suicidal behavior amongst elderly people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are scarce. Therefore, in this study we aimed to examine the relationship between suicidal thoughts (ST) and suicidal attempts (SA) with PA among elderly people in five LMICs.

Methods

Cross-sectional data were collected from WHO’s Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) with 2,861 participants aged 50 years or above. Variables included: self-reported occurrence of ST and SA during past 12 months and four types of PA (vigorous physical activity (VPA), moderate physical activity (MPA), walking/bike riding, moderate leisure time physical activity (MLPA)).

Results

The overall prevalence of taking >75 min of VPA/week, >150 min/week, MLPA and walking/bike riding were, respectively, 85.4% (95% CI [81.3–88.7]), 61.6% (95% CI [52.9–69.6]), 9.6% (95% CI [7.2–12.6]) and 75.1% (95% CI [68.7–80.6]). Respectively, 31.0% (95% CI [24.3–38.7]) and 5.5% (95% CI [3.9–7.5]) of the respondents reported having morbid thoughts and SA during last 12 months. In adjusted multivariable regression analysis, not engaging in PA revealed positive association with higher odds of having morbid thoughts and SA, however, with varying degrees for different types of PA among men and women and across countries. The adjusted odds ratio among elderly who encountered ST increased significantly with PA levels (1.265 in male and 1.509 in female with VPA, 1.292 in male and 1.449 in female with MPA, 1.669 in female with LMPA and 3.039 in women with walk/bike); similarly, with SA (1.526, 1.532, 1.474 and 1.392 in women with VPA, MPA, LMPA and Walk/bike, respectively). The degree of adjusted odds ratio varied between genders and among countries.

Conclusion

Although the data were cross-sectional, and no linear dose-response relationship was observed between PA and morbid thought and suicide ideation, the findings provide important indications of potential harmful effects of no/inadequate PA on psychological morbidities among older individuals. Promoting adequate PA among older individuals through community-based suicide prevention programs can potentially contribute to reduction in the burden of PA in LMICs.
SCALE EFFECTS IN RUBBLE-MOUND BREAKWATERS
Authors: Wilson Kenneth W. , Cross Ralph H.
Published: June 2019

In conducting model tests of wave transmission through permeable rubble-mound breakwaters, it is impossible to satisfy simultaneously the Froude and Reynolds criteria for dynamic similarity. The common practice has been to scale the wave parameters and breakwater dimensions in accordance with the Froude Number, and to use large models. This study represents an attempt to develop theoretical expressions for the coefficients of reflection and transmission as functions of the effective porosity of the breakwater structure, as influenced by the Reynolds-dependent boundary layer growth an the pores. These expressions use linear wave theory and boundary layer theory to estimate the effective decrease in pore diameter due to growth of the displacement boundary layer thickness in the pore. The theoretical expressions were compared with experimental results from a series of three model tests with breakwaters having vertical faces and using gravel with diameters of 1.37 in., 0.762 in., and 0.324 in. respectively. The prototype to model ratios (using the largest model as the prototype) were 1/1.80 and 1/4.23 respectively. The experimental results show clearly the existence of scale effects in both coefficients of reflection and transmission. The theoretical expressions were found to overestimate the scale effect in reflection and to underestimate it in transmission.
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE RUN-UP AND OVERTOPPING OF WAVES
Authors: Nagai Shoshichiro , Takada Akira
Published: June 2019

The quantitative relationships among run-up, overtopping and reflection of waves are presented in this paper. In addition, the authors have proposed several empirical relationships to calculate the height of wave run-up and the quantity of wave overtopping in the region of standing waves.
NON-STATIONARY SPECTRUM ANALYSIS OF OCEAN WAVES
Authors: Tayfun Mehmet Aziz , Yang Cheng Yi , Hsiao George Chia-Chu
Published: June 2019

Priestley's method [1, 2, 3] of non-stationary spectral analysis is extended to the case of digitally sampled records. A computation procedure previously proposed in an earlier work [4] is further investigated. This procedure compensates for the inherent difficulties in the theory and computes timedependent spectra from a sample in an iterative manner. Validities of the theory and the iterative procedure are tested with a simulated non-stationary process. Results establish a general agreement with theory, especially when spectra vary smoothly with time and frequency. Consequently, the procedure is applied to estimate non-stationary spectra for two wave records. A comparison is made between the non-stationary estimates and the stationary results derived from the same set of wave records.
THERMAL POWER PLANT ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Authors: Doyle M.J. , Cayot R.F.
Published: June 2019

Once-through cooling water systems for thermal power plants offer an economical means of dissipating the differential energy of modern-day turbines. Before the decision to proceed with the design of a oncethrough cooling water system is made, a considerable study effort must be undertaken in order to determine that no harmful effects will accrue to the environment from the plant's operation. These studies must include: 1. A comprehensive literature search 2. Field investigations of the air and water 3. Analytical evaluation of the field data The Pacific Gas and Electric Company has been conducting environmental studies at its operating thermal power plants and at proposed sites since 1958. This paper describes the approach used by the Company in conducting environmental studies. Meteorological data were obtained from on-site sensors, stored on magnetic tape, and subsequently computer-processed. Oceanographic data in the form of water temperatures, salinity, and dissolved oxygen profiles, as well as current speed and direction, were obtained from surface vessels. Remote sensing systems were used to obtain dispersion and dilution information, sea-surface temperature data, and aerial photographs of flora indigenous to the study area. All remote-sensed data, except for the aerial photographs, were stored on magnetic tape, in flight, and later processed in the computer with graphic off-line printout.
EESECTS OF WASTEWATERS ON MARINE BIOTA
Authors: North Whseler J.
Published: June 2019

The ocean provides enormous capacity for dispersion and assimilation of human and natural wastes. Indeed marine ecosystems depend on such terrestrial sources for their nutrient supplies. It is incumbent cm man to cause minimal disruption and, if possible, beneficial effects from dispersing his wastes in the sea. The Southern California Bight receives the most intense exposure to discharged sewage of any exposed region along the Pacific coast of North America. Evidences of significantly altered chemical and biological conditions in southern California hare been demonstrated. Elevated concentrations of certain metals occur in sediments near some large sewage outfalls. Pesticide residues were extremely high in sand crabs from southern California. Beds of giant kelp decreased near some, but not all,sewage outfalls. Correctional measures are disoussed. Ecological surveys are currently used to provide early warning of potential biological problems near some southern California outfalls. A survey near an outfall removed from service indicated most changes in fish and macroinvertebrate populations occurred within a few months after the discharge ceased.
MARINE MONITORING OF THE VICTORIA SEWERAGE SYSTEM
Authors: Balch Norval , Ellis Derek V. , Littlepage Jack L.
Published: June 2019

The Capital Regional District of British Columbia, Canada, is implementing for the Greater Victoria area, a major sewerage plan based mainly on marine discharge by submerged outfalls. To assess effects on the receiving ecosystem, a thirty month monitoring program has been carried out at the site of a newly constructed 6000 foot marine outfall. Of the standard water quality parameters, several were established during the pre-discharge period as "gross sewage field indicators" at beach outfalls: nitrite, phosphate, total and fecal coliform bacteria, Secchi depths, Forel colour and salinity. The remaining parameters were not sensitive to the presence of effluent: temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, silicate and chlorophyll. In the water surrounding the diffuser of the extended outfall, only total coliform values showed the presence of effluent once discharge was diverted from the beach outfall. Profiling techniques were employed for measuring chlorophyll, turbidity and Rhodamine dye. A method was developed for mapping coliform bacteria in the sediment surrounding the diffuser, as an index of the ability of the receiving water to assimilate effluent loads being discharged into it. It is stressed that monitoring programs should be included in plans for any major coastal operation.
INDUSTRIAL SEWAGE IS THE WESER ESTUARY
Authors: Luck Gunter
Published: June 2019

The in former years nearly exclusively agriculturally structured coastal areas of Lower Saxony recently undergo an increasing industrialisation. This process was introduced by the settlement of a Titandioxyd factory at the Weser estuary, which releases acid sewage. The problems, connected with the discharge of this sewage are discussed, as well as the tests performed in order to prevent a possible overstrain of the Weser water. The hitherto gained results are described and preliminarily interpreted. The recent, partly surprising biological development cannot be traced back to a measurable ecological change in the Weser estuary and therefore is inducement to think over critically the applied procedure.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF CONSTITUENT TRANSPORT IN BAY SYSTEMS
Authors: Dean R.G. , Taylor R.B.
Published: June 2019

This paper describes the results of a numerical modeling study of the Lower Biscayne Bay system in southeast Florida. The purpose of the study is to predict the effects of cooling water intake and discharge associated with the Turkey Point Power Plant facility, which comprises two fossil-fueled units and two nuclear units. When completed the system will generate 2450 megawatts. One of the original (but since abandoned) operating plans considered would require intake by the plant ranging from 4250 to 10,600 cfs of Bay water for cooling and dilution purposes to be returned via a six-mile canal to the Bay system. The Lower Biscayne Bay system comprises several bodies of water of 6 to 10 ft. depth which are connected over shallow limestone and mud sills. The numerical model incorporates an area of approximately 36 by 12 nautical miles divided into grid squares of 2 nautical miles on each side. Available field data are used to calibrate the model. The results of the calibration and predictions of the effects of the plant withdrawal and discharge on the natural bay system flows are presented. The primary features of interest of the study include: 1) the effect of the plant cooling water requirements on the Bay hydromechanics, including recirculation and flows through small inlets connecting the Bay to the Ocean; and 2) the concentration distributions of conservative constituents in the Bay system as affected by advective and dispersive processes. The numerical procedure consists of a non-dispersive and a dispersive model which are employed sequentially.
A NUMERICAL MODEL OF ESTUARINE POLLUTANT TRANSPORT
Authors: Fischer Hugo B.
Published: June 2019

Pollutant transport studies in estuaries may be divided into two general types: firstly, those where a new pollutant will be discharged into an existing estuary; and secondly, those where the estuarine geometry will be changed permanently, The first type of problem is analyzed more easily because distributions of existing natural or artificial tracers can be used to determine rates of transport and diffusion. For this type of problem one-dimensional or time-averaged two-dimensional models, employing apparent diffusivities evaluated from existing tracers, are often satisfactory. When permanent changes in the system are envisaged, however, it is likely that the bulk or apparent diffusivities of space and time-averaged models will be changed in unpredictable ways. Hence to determine what will be the effect of dredging a new channel in an estuary, or permanently changing the distribution of fresh water inflow, more sophisticated models must include the underlying mechanisms of pollutant transport and diffusion. The purpose of this paper is to present a two-dimensional, non-time averaged model which is computationally fast, seems to be reasonably accurate, and can be used to predict the effect of permanent changes wherever a two dimensional representation is satisfactory.
COMPUTER STUDIES OF ESTUARY WATER QUALITY
Authors: Hodgins Donald O. , Quick Michael C.
Published: June 2019

The convection and dispersion of pollutants in a deltaic estuary system are calculated using several interfaced computer programmes. The basic programme is a Dronkers type one dimensional hydrodynamic model, which is interfaced with a model of the salt water intrusion in the seaward reach. The importance of Pitt Lake, a large fresh water but highly tidal lake, is discussed, inasmuch that it integrates water quality changes over long periods of time. The salt wedge analysis reveals the nature of the interfacial stress which is not a function of velocity or velocity squared. It is shown that the interfacial stress is a function of entrainment, rather like a Reynolds stress, and plots are given of interfacial stress against local Richardson number multiplied by local upper layer velocity.
EXPERIENCES WITH TIDAL SALINITY MODEL EUROPOORT
Authors: Van Rees A.J. , Can der Kuur P. , Stroband H.J.
Published: June 2019

To guide -the works for the new harbour entrance at Rotterdam- Europoort in 1965 a tidal salinity model (scales 1:640 hor., 1:64 vert.) was constructed. The model includes a part of the North Sea and the Rotterdam Waterway Estuary. For its regular adjustment, use could be made of extensive prototype measurements, two-dimensional tidal computations and tidal computations by means of the DELTAR (analogue, onedim.). The model has proved to be very valuable for predicting stream patterns for nautical purposes because the shipping (huge crude carriers) had to go on without danger while the works were being carried out. The model has also been used for the solution of harbour problems (design, siltation), for predicting cooling water recirculation, and for advice on salinity intrusion problems.
RECREATIONAL SURFING ON HAWAIIAN REEFS
Authors: Walker James R. , Palmer Robert Q. , Kukea Joseph K.
Published: June 2019

Recreational surfing has been studied in Hawaii to develop criteria for the preservation, enhancement and design of surf sites. The criteria will aid in planning compatible uses of the coastal zone. Surfing characteristics and wave transformations were studied in the field and related to ocean bottom features at prime surf sites. A small scale, three dimensional, hydraulic model study was conducted to determine the effect that a given bottom feature had upon the surfing wave. A concept of a multiple-purpose surfing shoal to be compatible with several varied interests in the coastal zone was hypothesized from field, analytic, and model studies.
SURGE IN THE SOUTHEAST BASIN, LONG BEACH HARBOR, CALIF.
Authors: Wilson Basil W. , Hendrickson James A. , Jen Juan
Published: June 2019

Recent studies of the hydrodynamic responses of Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbors to the effects of long period waves [conducted in 1967-68 for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District (35 )] , showed that the basins had characteristic modal periods of oscillation, which could be excited, apparently, on rather rare and largely unpredictable occasions. Available field data for confirmation of the mathematical results were largely non-existent at the time and satisfactory correlations were greatly hampered. In the interim the development of the Southeast Basin, Long Beach Harbor, for the reception of fast container ships has led to more detailed study and measurement of the responses of this particular basin to long period waves. The purpose of this paper is to present some of the original theoretical results of the 1968 study and examine their correlation with data of recent acquisition. Their bearing upon the motions in surge and sway of ships moored within the Southeast Basin will also be examined briefly in the light of some simple measurements of ship motions.
METHODES DE MESURE ET TRAITEMENT DE LA HODLE
Authors: Bonnefille Rene
Published: June 2019

Un sondeur a ultra-son inverse, un manographe immerge au fond et une bouee accelerometrique ont etS utilises pour mesurer la houle, au meme point. Les enregistrements, dont certains sont simultanes, ont et§ soumis a divers traitements en vue de comparaisons et de critiques orientees vers la connaissance de la precision des appareils et le choix economique de la methode de depouillement.
SHOALING OF FINITE AMPLITUDE LONG WAVES ON A BEACH OF CONSTANT SLOPE
Authors: Iwagaki Yuichi , Sakai Tetsuo
Published: June 2019

A solution of finite amplitude long waves on constant sloping beaches is obtained by solving the equations of the shallow water theory of the lowest order. Non-linearity of this theory is taken into account, using the perturbation method. Bessel functions involved in the solution are approximated with trigonometric functions. The applicable range of this theory is determined from the two limit conditions caused by the hydrostatic pressure assumption and the trigonometric function approximation of Bessel functions. The shoaling of this finite amplitude long waves on constant sloping beaches is discussed. Especially, the effects of the beach slope on the wave height change and the asymmetric wave profile near the breaking point are examined, which can not be explained by the concept of constancy of wave energy flux based on the theory of progressive waves in uniform depth. These theoretical results are presented graphically, and compared with curves of wave shoaling based on finite amplitude wave theories. On the other hand, the experiments are conducted with respect to the transformation of waves progressing on beaches of three kinds of slopes ( 1/30, 1/2.0 and 1/10 ) . The experimental results are compared with the theoretical curves to confirm the validity of the theory.
SHOALING OF CNOIDAL WAVES
Authors: Svendson I.A. , Brink-Kjaer O.
Published: June 2019

An equation is derived which governs the propagation of a cnoidal wave train over a gently sloping bottom. The equation is solved numerically, the solution being tabulated in terms of fH (Eq. 47) as a function of Ei = (Etr/pg) 1/3/gT2 and hi = h/gT2. Results are compared with sinusoidal wave theory. Two numerical examples are included.
TRANSFORMATION OF WAVES PASSING A SUBMERGED BAR
Authors: Chandler Pierce L. , Sorenson Robert M.
Published: June 2019

This study investigates the transformation of nonbreaking waves that pass over a submerged longshore bar. An envelope for the occurrence of ^ transformation of nonbreaking waves is established and compared with existing information. Power spectral analyses are made of both the incident and transformed waves to determine quantitatively the change in wave characteristics. The conclusion is made that the transformation process is a nonlinear phenomenon occurring over the bar, but, in the deeper water in the lee of the bar, a combination of linear wave forms results.
THE ROLE OF SURFACE TENSION IN BREAKING WAVES
Authors: Miller Robert L.
Published: June 2019

Breaking criteria in the vicinity of the crest, such as limit crest angle and limit form, and larger dimensions such as limit height (H/L) and breaker height (Hb/db)» are found experimentally to be significantly affected by change in surface tension. A number of wave types were examined, including periodic waves, solitary waves, and standing waves, over both constant depth and uniform slopes. Variations in natural waters in some cases were found to be of equivalent magnitude to those induced for the experiments. The conclusion is drawn that surface tension should be taken into account in development of a satisfactory theory of breakers. It is also an important factor in experimental studies, particularly engineering model studies involving breaking waves.
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL WATER PARTICLE VELOCITIES INDUCED El WAVES
Authors: Tsuchiya Yoshito , Yamaguchi Masataka
Published: June 2019

Measurements of horizontal and vertical water particle velocities induced by regular waves, wind waves generated by a wind wave tank and ocean waves in shallow water were made using a Doppler-type sonic current meter. For regular waves, the validity of wave theories such as Stokes and cnoidal waves is investigated by comparison between theoretical curves and the experimental results. For wind waves and ocean waves, power spectra of water particle velocities and cross-correlations between surface displacement and water particle velocity are considered, especially in the latter case, directional spectra calculated from both the records are compared each other.
A DISCUSSION OF SOME MEASURED WAVE DATA
Authors: Wilson J.R. , Baird W.F.
Published: June 2019

The significant wave height and peak period as derived from the spectral analysis of 171 measured wave records taken in the ocean off Western Head, Nova Scotia are compared to the more classical parameters derived from individual wave heights and by the Tucker method. The highest surface elevation and the maximum wave height occurring in the records are compared to values predicted by Cartwright and Longuet-Higgins (1956), Goda (1970), and Longuet-Higgins (1952).
TIDAL INLET CURRENT--OCEAN WAVE INTERACTION
Authors: Hales Lyndell Z. , Herbich John B.
Published: June 2019

An experimental study was conducted in a three-dimensional wave basin to investigate the manner in which surface gravity waves propagating toward a tidal inlet are altered. Dimensional analysis of the pertinent variables indicates that a functional relationship exists between as many as five dimensionless terms, and the functional relationship is displayed in graphical non-dimensional form to apply to all scales. Results indicate the ebb current increases the steepness in the ocean region to such an extent that the wave begins to lose energy by the crest spilling down the front of the wave, and the wave characteristics in the inlet proper may never reach the breaking limit unless factors other than a current alone are involved.
THE SPIRAL WAVEMAKER FOR LITTORAL DRIFT STUDIES
Authors: Dalrymple Robert A. , Dean Robert G.
Published: June 2019

A technique for simulating an infinitely long beach in the laboratory is introduced, with the objective of eliminating end effects usually present with short straight beach sections. The technique involves the spiral wavemaker generating waves in the center of a circular basin. The wavemaker, consisting of a vertical right-circular cylinder oscillating in a small circle about its axis, is described in detail. Theoretical developments, using small-amplitude wave assumptions, show that the surface wave crests generated by the wavemaker may be described, at a particular time, as an Archimedian-type of spiral, with the wavemaker at its origin. Also, the crests impinge on the circular beach everywhere at the same angle of incidence. Experiments with a prototype spiral wavemaker verify the theory, with close results for shallow water waves. Littoral drift applications of the wavemaker are given.
CHARACTER AND STABILITY OF A NATURAL TIDAL INLET
Authors: Mason Curtis , Sorenson Robert M.
Published: June 2019

An environmental study was conducted at Brown Cedar Cut, a natural unstable barrier beach inlet connecting East Matagorda Bay, Texas, with the Gulf of Mexico. The objectives of this study were to determine the physical and hydraulic properties of the Inlet, and to investigate the inlet's historical stability, as well as its short-term response to a number of physical processes. Results of the study indicate that hurricanes and continuing erosion of adjacent beaches enhance the long-term stability of the inlet. During winter months, the rapid passage of strong frontal systems and associated winds, as well as substantial amounts of rainfall, are primarily responsible for the day-to-day viability of the channel boundaries. In the absence of such forces, the predominance of littoral drift over the limited flushing ability of astronomical tidal currents leads to degradation of the inlet channel and westward migration of the entire inlet system.
SOME RESULTS OF A DIRECTIONAL WAVE RECORDING STATION
Authors: Ploeg J.
Published: June 2019

An experimental deep water wave recording station has been operated in Lake Ontario, Canada, from 1969 to 1971. The station included a triangular array with four wave sensors and a stable platform. The aim of the study was to obtain a better understanding of the usually rather vaguely defined wavelength parameter of a wind-generated sea and to record the direction of wave propagation directly in the wave generation field. The station has also been used to test newly developed wave sensors, or to check and calibrate some of the existing wave recording systems, including staff gauges, pressure cells and accelerometers. The paper describes briefly the mooring system of the floating stable platform and the triangular array. A comparison is made between various wave recorders, mainly by using spectral analysis, and some results of the wavelength and wave direction study are discussed.
CASE HISTORY OF MISSION BAY INLET SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA
Authors: Herron William J.
Published: June 2019

The Mission Bay Inlet was designed as a "Non-Scouring" entrance channel by the Los Angeles District, Corps of Engineers, in 1946. Construction of the inlet was completed in 1959 and the entire project was completed in 1963. A channel with over twice the cross sectional area required by the "O'Brien" equation was developed to reduce the average cross-sectional tidal currents to less than two feet per second. The design depth of -20 feet MLLW eliminated bottom movement induced by wave action- except during the most severe storms. The jetties are sealed to the +4 foot elevation and extend to the -25 foot depth almost entirely eliminating the intrusion of littoral drift. The channel has shoaled at a rate of less than 20,000 cubic yards per year since final dredging in 1959) indicating the soundness of this concept. This case history was prepared under contract to the Coastal Engineering Research Center, U. S. Army, Corps of Engineers, and project data and aerial photographs were obtained from the Los Angeles District, U. S. Army, Corps of Engineers, and the City of San Diego.
SAND TRANSPORT DURING CLOSURE OP TIDAL CHANNELS
Authors: Svasek J.N. , Terwindt J.H.J. , Walther A.W.
Published: June 2019

A method is presented for estimating the dredger capacity required for closing tidal gaps with sand as the only building material. The method is based essentially on a relation between parameters describing the flow of the water and the resulting sand transport. Empirically determined coefficients are used to approximate the effects of the non-stationary flow in the gap and the supply of suspended material at the dumping site. The experiences gained at a number of closure operations are discussed and compared with the computations.
TRANSPORT LITTORAL : ESSAIS ET CALCULS
Authors: Lepetit J.P.
Published: June 2019

Des essais de transport littoral en cuve a houle ont ete effectues avec de la bakelite. L'etude de 1'influence d'un epi isole a permis de montrer une correlation entre la position du musoir de l'epi par rapport a la distribution du debit solide le long du profil et le debit solide arrete par l'epi. Un programme de calcul sur ordinateur permet de determiner l'evolution de la ligne de rivage d'une cote sableuse sous l'action de diverses houles incidentes. Le calcul, de forme iterative, est bas£ sur une loi de debit solide deduite des essais en cuve a houle. II fait intervenir les caracteristiques au rivage des houles de diverses provenances dont la propagation est calculee et diverses hypotheses relatives a l'evolution des profils de la plage en cours de sedimentation ou d'erosion. Le calcul a ete applique a des cas concrets (ports de Dunkerque et Deauville) et les resultats obtenus dans le cas d'action d'un epi isole ont ete compares a ceux des essais en cuve a houle.