bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Kinetic View of Enzyme Catalysis from Enhanced Sampling QM/MM Simulations
Authors: Ray Dhiman , Das Sudip , Raucci Umberto
Published: January 2024

The rate constants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions (k_cat) are often approximated from the barrier height of the reactive step. We introduce an enhanced sampling QM/MM approach that directly calculates the kinetics of enzymatic reactions, without introducing the transition state theory assumptions, and takes into account the dynamical equilibrium between the reactive and non-reactive conformations of the enzyme:substrate complex. Our computed k_cat values are in order-of-magnitude agreement with the experimental data for two representative enzymatic reactions.
Exploring Regioselectivity and Stereoselectivity via GC Analysis of the Product of the Hydroboration-Oxidation of 1-Methylcyclohexene
Authors: Franklin Annaliese , Otoo Barnabas
Published: January 2024

Hydroboration-Oxidation reaction is both regioselective and diastereoselective. It is regioselective because it places the alcohol at the anti-Markovnikov position, and it is diastereoselective because the reaction proceeds via syn-addition of the -H and -OH groups across the two alkene carbons. By the hydroboration/oxidation of 1-methylcyclohexene and analyzing the product using an appropriate chiral gas chromatographic method, students were able to determine the ratio of Markovnikov to anti-Markovnikov products and also calculate the ratio of trans diastereomer to cis diastereomer, thus confirming the regioselectivity and stereoselectivity of the reaction. The GC provided an additional visual experience towards understanding the concepts.
Pyridinium-activated alkyne-based spontaneous amino-yne click polymerization toward n-pi conjugated polyelectrolytes
Authors: Li Chunyang , Liu Wuhua , Wang Bingnan , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: January 2024

Thanks to its high efficiency, excellent selectivity, simple operation and mild reaction conditions, the click polymerization has become a powerful tool for the synthesis of polymers. Among the reported click polymerizations, the activated alkyne-based one has drawn much attention. However, the preparation of conjugated polymers with charged main chains by this click polymerization has rarely been reported. Herein, by connection of ethynyl group with pyridinium moiety at its para-position, we present a new spontaneous click polymerization of pyridinium-activated diynes and aromatic diamines toward regioregular n-pi conjugated polyelectrolytes. The resultant polymers possess excellent thermal stability and good film forming properties. Thus, this pyridinium-activated alkyne-based spontaneous amino-yne click polymerization provides a powerful and straightforward tool for the preparation of main-chain charged n-pi conjugated polymers, which greatly expands the scope of click polymerization and opens up new avenues for the development of functional polymers.
Cofactor-free biocatalytic hydrogenation of nitro compounds for synthesis of amines
Authors: Sokolova Daria , Lurshay Tara , Rowbotham Jack , Stonadge Georgia , Reeve Holly , Cleary Sarah , Sudmeier Tim , Vincent Kylie
Published: January 2024

We report a new paradigm for chemoselective hydrogenation of nitro compounds to amines, under mild, aqueous conditions. Hydrogenase enzyme releases electrons from H2 to a carbon black support which facilitates nitro-group reduction. For 30 nitroarenes we demonstrate full conversion (isolated yields 78 – 96%), with products including pharmaceuticals benzocaine, procainamide and mesalazine, and 4-aminophenol – precursor to acetaminophen (paracetamol). We also showcase gram-scale synthesis of procainamide with 90% isolated yield. We demonstrate potential for extension to aliphatic substrates. The catalyst is highly selective for reduction of the nitro group over other unsaturated bonds, tolerant to a wide range of functional groups, and exhibits excellent stability in reactions lasting up to 72 hours and full reusability over 5 cycles, indicating scope for direct translation to fine chemical manufacturing.
Aza-Prilezhaev Aziridination-Enabled Multidimensional Analysis of Isomeric Lipids via High-Resolution U-Shaped Mobility Analyzer-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Li Yuling , Wang Yiming , Guo Kang , Tseng Kuo-feng , Zhang Xiaoqiang , Sun Wenjian
Published: January 2024

Unsaturated lipids constitute a significant portion of lipidome, serving as players of multifaceted functions involving cellular signaling, membrane structure and bioenergetics. While derivatization-assisted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) remains the gold standard technique in lipidome, it mainly faces challenges in efficiently labeling carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) and differentiating isomeric lipids in full dimension. This presents the need for new orthogonal methodologies. Herein, a metal- and additive-free aza-Prilezhaev aziridination (APA)-enabled ion mobility mass spectrometric method is developed for probing multiple levels of unsaturated lipid isomerization with high-sensitivity. Both unsaturated polar and nonpolar lipids can be efficiently labeled in the form of N-H aziridine without significant side reactions. The signal intensity can be increased by up to three orders of magnitude, achieving nM detection limit. Abundant site-specific fragmentation ions indicate C=C location and sn-position in MS/MS spectra. Better yet, stable mono-aziridination product is dominant, simplifying the spectrum for lipids with multiple double bonds. Coupled with a U-shaped mobility analyzer, identification of geometric isomers and separation of different lipid classes can be achieved. Additionally, a unique pseudo MS3 mode with UMA-QTOF MS boosts the sensitivity for generating diagnostic fragments. Overall, the current method provides a comprehensive solution for deep-profiling of lipidome, which is valuable for lipid marker discovery in disease monitoring and diagnosis.
Specifics of thе transition то а new model higher education in russia: priorities аnd problems
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Temnova L. V.
Published: January 2024

The article is а chronological and substantive analysis of the stages of formation of the idea of а new Russian level system of higher education, the testing of which began in the fall of 2023. The continuity and novelty of this system, the regulatory framework for its implementation are shown. Iп addition, а description of the main aspects of the new higher education system is given. The positive aspects of its implementation are considered, as well as the risks and currently unresolved substantive, organizational, managerial and other aspects of the upcoming transformations.
Perception and Usage of Telemedicine Among National Health Insurance Participants in Padang City
Authors: Roza Shelvy , Sari Ayulia Fardila
Published: January 2024

The existence of a policy on the use of telemedicine in health facilities is applied almost all over the world. In Indonesia, Padang is one city of the achievements in that the use of telemedicine services remains low, even after the implementation of regulations on telemedicine services. This study aimed to determine the perceived convenience and benefits of using telemedicine services among National Health Insurance participants through the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This study was a cross-sectional survey. The sample of this study consisted of 100 National Health Insurance respondents registered at a first-level healthcare facility. The samples were collected using consecutive sampling and online questionnaire sheets carried out for three months in 2021. The analysis includes univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. The results showed that 55% of respondents had a high level of accessibility in getting health services by using telemedicine, 54% of respondents had a good experience related to telemedicine officer services, 94% of respondents had perceptions of illness exist positive, 89% of respondents said that they had a perception of ease in using telemedicine services, and 80% of respondents had a perceived the benefits of telemedicine services. The utilization of telemedicine was affected by accessibility (p=0.000), staff service (p=0.000), perceived ease of use (p=0.022), and perceived benefit (p=0.001). The multivariate analysis indicated that the officer service was the most influencing the use of telemedicine services (OR=3.669). Healthcare facilities should improve their service quality and apply a more accessible and more valuable service for patients as end users.
PENERAPAN INCREMENTAL LAUNCHING METHOD PADA PEMBANGUNAN JEMBATAN BENTANG PANJANG
Authors: Muchlis Basuki , Cahyadi Demy Yuni
Published: January 2024

Abstract

 

Incremental Launching Method (ILM) is a construction method that is widely used in bridge construction, especially for long-span bridges. This method allows the construction of the bridge in stages, by attaching and sliding portions of the bridge structure into their final positions. This study describes the procedure for implementing the Incremental Launching Method for bridge construction. Apart from that, several examples of suspension bridges whose construction process used the Incremental Launching Method are also described. The examples of bridges and the Incremental Launching Method described in this study show that the construction of a bridge can be carried out efficiently, safely, and securely. In addition, negative impacts during the bridge construction process can be minimized.

 

Keywords: Incremental Launching Method; bridge; construction methods; bridge construction

 

 

Abstrak

 

Incremental Launching Method (ILM) adalah suatu metode konstruksi yang banyak digunakan dalam pembangunan jembatan, terutama untuk jembatan yang memiliki bentang panjang. Metode ini memungkinkan pembangunan jembatan secara bertahap, dengan melekatkan dan meluncurkan sebagian struktur jembatan ke posisinya akhir. Pada studi ini diuraikan prosedur penerapan Incremental Launching Method untuk pembangunan jembatan. Selain itu, diuraikan juga beberapa contoh jembatan gantung yang pada proses konstruksinya menggunakan Incremental Launching Method. Contoh-contoh jembatan dan Incremental Launching Method yang diuraikan pada kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan suatu jembatan dapat dilakukan secara efisien, aman, dan selamat. Selain itu, dampak negatif selama proses pembangunan jembatan dapat diminimalkan.

 

Kata-kata kunci: Incremental Launching Method; jembatan; metode konstruksi; pembangunan jembatan
PENGARUH BAHAN PENGISI BATU KARANG TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK MARSHALL CAMPURAN BETON ASPAL LAPIS AUS ASBUTON
Authors: Hamkah Hamkah , Jakob Juvrianto C. , Walalayo Rosmawati
Published: January 2024

Abstract

 

Mountain coral found in Taeno Village, Ambon, is available in abundance and has the potential to be used as a filler for asphalt concrete mixtures. This research aims to determine the potential use of filler material derived from coral rock found in Taeno Village and the effect of coral filler material on the characteristics of the asbuton wearing-course asphalt concrete mixture. This research was carried out by adding filler material, with level content of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%, to asbuton wearing-course asphalt concrete with 3 variations of asphalt content, namely 5.0%; 5.5%, and 6.0%. Marshall tests were, then, carried out on the specimens made from the mixture. This research shows that the coral stone filler, which comes from Taeno Village, can be used as a filler for asbuton wearing-course asphalt concrete. From the analysis carried out, it was concluded that the asphalt content of the mixture influences the level of filler that can be added to the mixture. The higher the asphalt content value in a mixture, the higher the optimum filler content that can be added to the mixture. The optimum levels of filler that can be added to mixtures made with asphalt content of 5.0%, 5.5%, and 6.0% are 1.55%, 1.63%, and 1.75%, respectively.

 

Keywords: asphalt concrete; filler; wearing-course; asbuton; coral filler

 

 

Abstrak

 

Batu karang gunung yang terdapat di Dusun Taeno, Ambon, tersedia melimpah dan berpotensi untuk digu-nakan sebagai bahan pengisi campuran beton aspal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan potensi penggunaan bahan pengisi yang berasal dari batu karang yang terdapat di Dusun Taneo dan pengaruh bahan pengisi batu karang tersebut terhadap karakteristik campuran beton aspal lapis aus Asbuton. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menambahkan bahan pengisi, dengan kadar 0%, 1%, 2%, dan 3%, kepada beton aspal lapis aus Asbuton (AC-WCAsb.) dengan 3 variasi kadar aspal, yaitu 5,0%; 5,5% dan 6,0%. Selanjutnya dilakukan pegujian Marshall terhadap benda-benda uji yang dibuat dari campuran tersebut. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bahan pengisi batu karang, yang berasal dari Dusun Taeno, dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pengisi untuk campuran lapis beton aspal lapis aus asbuton. Dari analisis yang dilakukan, disimpulkan bahwa kadar aspal campuran berpengaruh terdapat kadar bahan pengisi yang dapat ditambahkan dalam campuran. Semakin tinggi nilai kadar aspal pada suatu campuran, semakin tinggi pula kadar bahan pengisi optimum yang dapat ditambahkan pada campuran tersebut. Kadar bahan pengisi optimum yang dapat ditambahkan pada campuran yang dibuat dengan kadar aspal 5,0%, 5,5%, dan 6,0% berturut-turut adalah 1,55%, 1,63%, dan 1,75%.

 

Kata-kata kunci: beton aspal; bahan pengisi; lapis aus; asbuton; bahan pengisi batu karang
lectura fenomenológica de la biblioteca
Authors: Forero Sosa Andrés
Published: January 2024

Se presentan en este artículo algunas consideraciones enmarcadas en una discusión acerca de la naturaleza esencial y eidética de la biblioteca como espacio, como tiempo o como acción ejecutable. De ahí en más, las reflexiones que suscitan las facetas del entorno libresco de la academia, de la comunidad y de las grandes naciones, así como de los pequeños poblados, impulsan un análisis exhaustivo mediante el método fenomenológico, el cual se vale de los estudios desarrollados por Ingarden y por sus múltiples comentaristas. Así las cosas, estaría errando si buscara hablar del libro y de la biblioteca como objeto o idea sin establecer un breve diálogo con Jorge Luis Borges, quien a través de puntuales apartados de su obra considera estas premisas de una manera narrativa; metafísica, como corresponde al proceso de intencionalización del objeto fenomenológico, y atemporal, como el mismo proceder de la materia lo requiere. Sin embargo, este escrito no evoca únicamente la autoridad de Borges ni la del propio Ingarden para decir lo que dice; simplemente, se adelanta a sí mismo, trata de anteponerse a su siguiente movimiento y tiene como fin principal desenmascarar aquella idea romántica o no, aquella idea politizada o no, institucionalizada o no, de lo que puede ser el fenómeno de la biblioteca, de lo que esta ha representado en la historia antigua y en la más reciente modernidad.
Masculinidades y ética del cuidado.
Authors: Carmona Gallego Diego Ezequiel
Published: January 2024

En este artículo reflexionamos sobre las principales coordenadas alrededor de las cuales cada época construyó los modos hegemónicos de ser y hacerse hombre. En un primer momento, nos centramos en la figura del cazador y las diferentes interpretaciones en torno a la evolución humana. En un segundo momento, reparamos en la figura del soldado héroe, a partir de la institución del discurso fúnebre en la Antigua Grecia. En un tercer momento, nosdetenemos en la figura del proveedor del pan en la modernidad. A partir de esta circunscripción, nos preguntamos por el lugar de la vulnerabilidad en la construcción de la masculinidad hegemónica. Proponemos finalmente una ética feminista del cuidado que, haciendo lugar a la vulnerabilidad constitutiva de lo humano, funcione como base de prácticas cotidianas de cuidado de sí, del otro y de la trama de la vida, y como fundamento de propuestas singulares y colectivas que procuren el cultivo de nuevas masculinidades.
Anotaciones exegéticas sobre la construcción de la modernidad y los rasgos de las modernidades subsecuentes
Authors: Reyes Carlos Mejía , Galicia Gordillo María Angélica
Published: January 2024

El presente ensayo tiene como objetivo describir sintéticamente el proceso de edificación de la modernidad como proyecto filosófico-político desde un recorrido sociológico elemental. En la misma línea, se describen los rasgos básicos de las modernidades ulteriores sin pretensiones de agotar su caracterización.
El “engagement femenino” en el siglo XX: las vidas paradigmáticas de Hillesum, Weil, Zambrano y Badano
Authors: Vailati Giuseppe
Published: January 2024

A partir del concepto de engagement, desarrollado en la Francia del siglo XX, se pone en cuestión la posibilidad de un engagement típicamente femenino. Se mostrará la relación entre algunas experiencias paradigmáticas que vivieron cuatro mujeres del siglo pasado: la de confinamiento en Dios que experimentó Etty Hillesum, la del exilio padecido por María Zambrano, la vocación a vivir en el umbral de Simone Weil y la enfermedad que sufrió Chiara Badano. Gracias a este diálogo a distancia, se ofrecen algunas características típicas de la forma femenina de engagement: la preservación de la vida y de su sentido, la donación generativa, la participación al sufrimiento, el padecer como forma de acoger la vida y, finalmente, la unión total en la diferencia.
Discrepancies between two D-dimer assays and impact on clinical decisions; a retrospective analysis of samples tested in community and hospital-based laboratories in Auckland
Authors: Adriaansen Melanie , Morison Ian , Perry Holly
Published: January 2024

aim: In patients with suspected venous thromboembolism, an elevated D-dimer level provides an important branch-point in the management pathway. This study compared two D-dimer assays, INNOVANCE® DDimer (Innovance) and STA®-Liatest® D-Di Plus (Liatest), to assess potential impact on clinical management. method: Reflecting current practice in Waitematā, Auckland, we compared paired samples from 805 patients referred to hospital following a community D-dimer test. Samples were determined to be positive or negative using a 500μg/L fibrinogen equivalent units (FEU), and age-adjusted cut-offs. results: In the Innovance assay, 2% of samples had a result <500μg/L FEU. In contrast, by Liatest, 18% were below 500μg/L. This positive bias of Innovance was amplified with use of age-adjusted cut-offs; 23% of samples with an elevated Innovance result showed a normal result by Liatest. On average, the Innovance values were 22% higher than Liatest. Results suggestive of interference from heterophile antibodies were seen in 6% of sample-pairs. conclusion: Innovance D-dimer test yielded higher values than Liatest and experienced interference from suspected heterophile antibodies. Discrepancies in nearly a quarter of patients may be leading to substantial under or over investigation, inefficient use of resources and clinical confusion.
Radiation cystitis in acute admissions for haematuria
Authors: Thompson Nasya , Frampton Chris , Losco Giovanni
Published: January 2024

aims: To assess the outcomes of patients with haematuria from radiation cystitis admitted to Christchurch Hospital’s Urology Service and identify treatment differences and hospitalisation trends. methods: From November 2021 to January 2023, a retrospective analysis of 144 acute haematuria admissions was conducted. Data covered demographics, diagnosis, surgeries, complications and hospital stay length. Predictive factors for admissions and surgical interventions were explored. results: Of the 144 admissions, 22 (15.3%) were diagnosed with radiation cystitis. The management strategies for radiation cystitis and non-radiation cystitis patients showed no significant differences in transfusion requirements, anti-bleeding medication usage (finasteride and/or tranexamic acid), or the need for acute or elective surgery. The average length of stay for admission was similar between the groups (radiation cystitis: 3.7 days, non-radiation cystitis: 3.5 days, p<0.05), but the readmission rate was significantly higher for radiation cystitis patients (59.1% vs 25.4%, p<0.01). conclusions: The management and hospital stay duration were similar for both cohorts; radiation cystitis patients faced increased readmissions, underscoring the necessity for rigorous monitoring and subsequent care. Upcoming research should target refining early interventions and management methods.
ACC and treatment injuries: is it time to rethink injury causation?
Authors: Andrew Albert
Published: January 2024

In Aotearoa New Zealand, personal injuries resulting from medical treatment are covered under the Accident Compensation Act 2001. However, before victims of medical injury can receive cover and compensation, they must first satisfy several legal tests.Much criticism and legal action have surrounded the interpretation and application of these legal tests, primarily because of its focus lying on injury causation instead of supporting the incapacitated. This article examines the issues present within the current legislative framework for treatment injury coverage and proposes a potential solution to address the underlying problem.
ВОДНА КОМПЕТЕНТНІСТЬ ЯК ОСНОВА БЕЗПЕКИ ТА ВИЖИВАННЯ: ІНТЕГРОВАНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО НАВЧАННЯ В ЕКСТРЕНИХ СИТУАЦІЯХ НА ВОДІ
Authors: Дробот К. В. , Тищенко В. О. , Глухов І. Г. , Караулова С. І.
Published: January 2024

Стаття досліджує концепцію "Водної компетентності" та її важливість як основи для безпеки та виживання у водному середовищі. Пропонується інтегрований підхід до навчання, що включає в себе розвиток базових плавальних навичок, біоповедінкову адаптацію, техніки безпеки та надання першої допомоги в екстрених ситуаціях на воді. Вказується на важливості розширення навчальної програми для включення елементів, спрямованих на навчання ефективним діям у кризових ситуаціях,що робить навчання більш інтегрованим та повноцінним. Зокрема, висвітлєно, як такий підхід сприяє розвитку відповідальності, самодопомоги та важливих навичок реагування на небезпеку. Мета роботи – здійснити аналіз фахової літератури та розробити концепцію "Водної компетентності". Об’єкт дослідження – процес навчання плаванню. Предмет дослідження – засоби навчання плаванню. Методи дослідження. Під час роботи використано методи теоретичного рівня дослідження: аналіз, синтез, порівняння, бібліосемантичний метод, метод системного підходу та узагальнення даних науково-методичної літератури та контенту мережі Інтернет, що спрямовані на виявлення проблем і суперечностей, пов'язаних із інтерактивним навчанням у плаванні. Результати дослідження. Термін «Водна компетентність» надає специфічність і точність в описі рівня навичок і вмінь у воді, та чітко вказує на здатність особи ефективно володіти навичками та уміннями у воді. Його використання надає більше точності та конкретності, ніж загальні терміни, такі як "плавання" чи "водні навички". Зосереджено фокус на базових навичках, та уточнює, що мова йде саме про фундаментальні уміння, які є основою для безпечного перебування у воді. Такий підхід наголошує на важливість основних плавальних навичок. Відмінність від більш складних навичок полягає в тому, що "водна компетентність" розглядається як біоповедінкове припущення щодо навчання, відрізняючись від більш складних і спеціалізованих водних навичок, та ставить "водну компетентність" в контекст ширшого спектру навчання та формування плавальних умінь. Висновки. Узагальнено, шо термін "водна компетентність" зумовлює науковий підхід до вивчення плавальних навичок, розглядаючи їх як багатоаспектний та біоповедінковий процес, що базується на основних елементах безпечного та ефективного перебування у воді. Підкреслено, що водна компетентність стає ключовим елементом навчання, який не лише забезпечує безпеку на воді, але й формує учасників програми як готових до дій та взаємодопомоги в будь-яких ситуаціях. Таким чином, термін "водна компетентність" відповідає нашому бажанню передати концепцію основних навичок і безпечного поводження у воді.
Correlación entre el uso excesivo de cafeína y la mala higiene del sueño con trastornos mentales como: la ansiedad y depresión en estudiantes de medicina. A scoping review
Authors: Ramos Martínez Juan Esteban
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN: Desde hace siglos la medicina ha hecho importantes contribuciones al conocimiento y a la supervivencia de la raza humana, ha ayudado a evitar su extinción en distintas pandemias y brotes epidémicos, causados por múltiples enfermedades, a día de hoy es una de las carreras más largas y que más dedicación necesita, por tal motivo varios de sus estudiantes sienten una carga de responsabilidad y estrés altísima, en consecuencia de esto surgen malos hábitos que pueden ser, tanto alimenticios, como en la calidad del sueño. El principal objetivo de este Scoping Review es encontrar alguna relación entre el consumo frecuente de cafeína, con la mala higiene de sueño en los estudiantes de medicina, y lograr ver si estos factores tienen relación con el desarrollo de trastornos mentales, específicamente depresión y ansiedad MÉTODOS: Para satisfacer esta necesidad de búsqueda se usaron diferentes estudios científicos que permitieron llegar a la conclusión de que hay una relación entre el desarrollo de depresión y ansiedad a causa de la mala calidad del sueño, se utilizó la estructura de Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-ScR). RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 5 artículos para la revisión. La depresión es más común en estudiantes femeninas, gran parte de los estudios incluidos sobre depresión y ansiedad se limita a los estudiantes de medicina por la gran carga académica y presión psicosocial que esta conlleva (9). El 27,64% de los estudiantes refiere que tiene mala calidad de sueño y el 4,11% de muy mala calidad (22). No se encontró ninguna relación directa con el consumo de cafeína y la depresión (21), sin embargo si se encontró relaciones entre la mala higiene del sueño, estudiantes de medicina y consumo de cafeína.
DUCK VIRAL ENTERITIS IN EGYPT: ISOLATION AND DETECTION OF THE CIRCULATING VIRUS DURING OUTBREAKS FROM 2016-2018
Authors: Abdullatif Tamer , Ghanem Ibrahim , ElBakrey Reham
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Duck viral enteritis (DVE) is an acute and contagious herpes virus infection with a potential threat to domestic and wild waterfowl. In this study, 75% mortality rate with 40% drop in egg production was recorded among the examined flocks. Diagnosis of the disease was carried out based on the clinical signs, pathology and supported by laboratory confirmation. Microscopically, the presence of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies (IN/IB) in the hepatocytes revealed duck enteritis virus (DEV) infection. DEV was isolated in embryonated duck eggs; 42.6% of the samples showed evidence of infection. The nucleic acid of the DEV was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in 19 out of 68 collected samples (27.9%) with positive amplification of the DNA polymerase gene. This investigation disclosed variation in the disease prevalence among the different ages, breeds, seasons, and immune status of ducks, as the disease was more prevalent among vaccinated flocks (34.8%) than in non-vaccinated ones (24.4%). Accordingly, control efforts can be done to reduce the further outbreaks of DVE in terms of adoption of good management practice, biosecurity measures and increasing awareness about the disease spread and application of proper vaccination regimens. Continuous studies of DEV at the molecular and immunological levels are important for the effectiveness of any control strategy of the disease including vaccination.Key words: DVE; duck plaque; histopathology; PCR; DNA polymerase gene; Egypt
STRUCTURAL STUDY ON THE HEART VENTRICLES OF THE DOMESTIC DOGS (CANIS FAMILIARIS) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO CARDIOMYOCYTE ULTRASTRUCTURE
Authors: Salem Hoda , Beheiry Rasha , Kilany Maha , El Sayed Shafika
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Our study aimed to investigate the light microscopic structure of the dog’s ventricular wall in addition to the fine structure of the cardiomyocytes and the interstitial telocytes. For this purpose, tissue samples from the ventricles of 15 adult domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) were prepared and processed for histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analysis. The ventricular wall consisted of; epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The mesothelium and subepicardial connective tissue layer made up the epicardium. The myocardium was composed of bundles of cardiomyocytes separated by loose connective tissue. The endocardium was lined with endothelium located above the subendothelial connective tissue. Purkinje fibers were found only beneath the subendothelium in the subendocardial layer. The intercalated disc reacted positively to anti-E-cadherin protein. Under the transmission electron microscope (TEM) the ventricular cardiomyocyte appeared enveloped with a scalloped sarcolemma and had a striated sarcoplasm. The nucleus was oval, euchromatic, and centrally located. The mitochondria were multiple and polymorphic located either under the sarcolemma, between the myofibrils, or at the perinuclear pole. At the perinuclear pole, small electron-dense granules were observed. The intercalated disc was made up of desmosomes, adherens junctions, and gap junctions and bound the adjacent cardiomyocytes. Interstitial telocytes with cellular prolongations was evidenced. These interested microscopic structures of the dog’s ventricular wall are expected to help researchers better understand the physiology of the heart ventricles, also provide a control picture that improves the differentiation of ventricular pathological conditions.Keywords: Dog; Heart; Ventricles; E-cadherin; Histology; Electron microscopy.
EFFECT OF BENTONITE, SEPIOLITE, CORIOBACTERIACEAE AND FUMONISIN ESTERASE ON GROWTH RATE, BLOOD PARAMETERS, CHICKEN MEAT QUALITY, AND AFLATOXIN RESIDUES
Authors: Morshdy Alaa , Abdel samie Amr , Elshorbagy Ibrahim , Tharwat Ahmed , Hussein Mohamed
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Aflatoxin contaminates crops like corn and soya that comprise the main components of chicken ration. Aflatoxin led to deleterious effect on chicken and human health consume chicken meat, so two commercial antimycotoxins were evaluated in current study. Ninety Avian 48 broiler chickens were divided into three groups (30 birds each). The first group received a naturally contaminated ration contained (36±0.21 µg/kg total aflatoxin). The second group (T1) was fed the contaminated ration supplemented with (Bentonite 55.6 % -Sepiolite 44.4 %). The third group (T2) was given a contaminated ration containing (Bentonite 65 % -Coriobacteriaceae 0.85x1011 CFU –fumonisin esterase 7500 IU). Aflatoxin significantly reduced (p < 0.05) body weight gain 1403 ± 57.4g in the control group compared with T1 (1748±72.94g) or T2 (1681±86.05g) at 35 days of age. The Hb concentration and RBC count were (9.33± 0.30 and 2.82± 0.11x106/μl) in T1 and (10.48±0.25 and 3.29± 0.07x106/μl) in T2, but significantly lower in the control group (8.08± 0.11and2.22± 0.08 x106/μl). The water holding capacity (WHC) in T1 and T2 was 61.23 ± 1.34% and 62.12 ± 1.33%, respectively. In control it was 56.64 ± 1.23%. The pH value was 6.22± 0.14, 6.14± 0.12, and 6.11± 0.13 in the control, T1 and T2, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) were significantly higher in control group (0.45 ± 0.05 mg/ kg and 11.2 ± 0.35 mg/100g) than T1 (0.37 ± 0.04 mg/kg and 9.6 ± 0.28 mg /100g) and T2 (0.34 ± 0.03 mg/kg and 8.6 ± 0.29 mg/100g). Aflatoxin residues were detected in 10% and 30% of muscle and liver samples in the control group with limits 2.22± 0.09 and 5.13± 0.12 µg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile, it was detected in 15% and 10% of the examined liver of T1 and T2, respectively. T1 and T2 supplementation improves growth rate, haematological and meat quality parameters while decreasing aflatoxin residues in the liver and muscle.Key words: Broiler meat; Aflatoxin residues; Growth parameters; Meat quality; thiobarbituric acid; total volatile basic nitrogen.
AVIAN CORONAVIRUS IN EGYPT: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ACUITIES AND PATHOGENICITY IN COMMERCIAL BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Mahmoud Ali , ElBakrey Reham , Mansour Shimaa , Eid Amal
Published: January 2024

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a gamma coronavirus, is responsible for a highly contagious disease in chickens resulting in substantial economic losses to the poultry industry around the world. The emergence of new types of IBVs is considered one of the major concerns regarding to IB. A preliminary diagnosis of IB was made based on the flock history and the characteristic pathologic findings. In the cur-rent study, we investigated the outbreaks of respiratory signs and diarrhea in broiler chickens (n=77) be-tween 2014 and 2018. Upon necropsy, the affected chickens showed tracheal and kidney lesions, sugges-tive of IBV. The IBV was detected in 33 farms using real-time reverse transcription-PCR, targeting the nu-cleocapsid gene. Investigation of IBV among vaccinated chickens would considerably ameliorate the pre-sent immunization programs and support the development of more effective vaccines. The IBV was de-tected in vaccinated birds (45.8%). The virus was isolated in fertile chicken eggs, which revealed embry-onic mortality (20-40%) within 5-7 days after the 3rd passage, small embryos or dwarfing up to 30.2% versus non-inoculated ones. Virus pathogenicity was determined experimentally in 7-day-old broiler chickens inoculated oculo-nasally with 104 median embryo infective dose. The infected birds experienced severe respiratory signs, diarrhea and tracheal and renal lesions. The virus displayed a wide range of tissue tropism, particularly in the trachea, lungs and kidneys, and was shed via the respiratory tract and cloaca. The results emphasized the significance of conducting a comprehensive surveillance of IBV infections among chicken flocks in Egypt and provide significant insights into the virulence properties of IBV. Further studies of nucleotide sequence analysis of circulating IBV strains and evaluation of vaccine efficacy are needed.
GENOTYPING AND GENETIC EVOLUTION ANALYSIS OF NEWLY ISOLATED NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN EGYPT
Authors: Madbouly Yahia , Shakal Mohammed , Aly Eman , Hussein Ashraf , Abdelsabour Mohammed , Eid Amal
Published: January 2024

In spite of enormous vaccination programs that were implemented in the Egyptian poultry farms, Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) remains one of the major concerns to the poultry industry. Therefore, molecular analysis for the circulating NDV strains is crucial to monitor their genetic evolution. Twenty-three tracheal samples were collected from vaccinated broiler, layer and breeder flocks suffered from respiratory, nervous symptoms and drop in egg production between October 2019 and December 2020. Only ten samples (10/23; 43.5%) showed HA activity after propagation into ECE while only six samples were positive for Avian avulavirus 1 based on real time RT-PCR. Nucleotide sequences for both F and HN genes showed high similarity to recently reported Egyptian NDV isolates. Sequencing for the F protein cleavage site showed the typical sequence of velogenic NDV strains (112R-R/K-Q-K-R↓F117). Deduced amino acid analyses for the cleavage site, fusion peptide, glycosylation sites, heptad repeat region and transmembrane domain of F protein were conducted along with the transmembrane domain of HN protein that showed different substitutions in comparison with the commonly used vaccine strains. Phylogenetic analyses for the reported isolates in this study based on the full-length F gene revealed their clustering within sub-genotype VII.1.1. 3D protein structural modelling suggested that amino acids substitutions within the fusion peptide sequences result in conformational changes in the F protein structure. In conclusion, NDV continues to evolve and further in vivo studies are strongly recommended to define the precise efficacy of applied NDV vaccines against the circulating strains in Egypt.
THE ANTI-ECTOPARASITE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TOPICAL SPOTS-ON FORMULATION AGAINST TICKS AND FLEAS IN NATURALLY INFESTED STRAY AND OWNED DOGS
Authors: Fawzi Elshaima , Youssef Sarah , Ras Refaat , Attia Noura , El-Shazly Yousry , El Damaty Hend
Published: January 2024

Ectoparasites poses potential hazards and are a constant challenge for veterinarians and pet owners worldwide. This clinical field study was conducted to assess the efficacy of different topical spot-on formulations against ticks and fleas in naturally infected dogs admitted for clinical examination at the Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Herein, forty dogs showed ectoparasites infestation were enrolled. These dogs were divided into four groups (ten each). Group1 (G1) considered as untreated control. The other three groups (G2, G3, and G4) were treated with fipronil 9.8% (Fipron spot-on solution), a combination of 9.8% fipronil/(S)-9.8% methoprene (Frontline Plus®), and imidacloprid/permethrin (K9-Advantix®), respectively. Clinical (all the dogs were clinically monitored throughout the experiment), parasitological (ticks and fleas (adult and eggs) were counted and identified on days 0, 1, 2, 7, 15, 21, 30, and 45 after treatment, and zootechnical (live-weight gain) analyses were conducted. Throughout the experiment, no adverse symptoms were observed in any of the treated animals. The synergistic effect of each topical spot-on was compared for eliminating ticks and fleas, aiming to obtain the ideal treatment model. Our results suggest that fipronil/(S)-methoprene outperformed fipronil alone in controlling ticks and fleas in naturally infested dogs. Also, it may be productive in the struggle against different tick and flea species infesting dogs as it gives protection for at least four weeks. In comparison to the other two topical spot-on formulations used in this study, imidacloprid/permethrin was the least effective, particularly against fleas. Overall, because these ectoparasites concern animal welfare and human health, this study underlines the importance of continued ectoparasites monitoring and educating pet owners about the impacts of flea and tick infestations as well as pathogenic hazards.
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF LACTOBACILLUS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM SOME ARTISANAL EGYPTIAN DAIRY PRODUCTS
Authors: Awad Esmat , Ibrahim Safaa , Abo Eleneen Neven , Kamal Rania
Published: January 2024

Among popular artisanal dairy products, kariesh cheese, Laban Rayeb and yoghurt are occupying advanced rank in the human consumers` interest in Egypt. The current study included the microbiological investigations of 25 each of such products primarily to isolate and discriminate staphylococci and different lactobacillus strains and secondly to search for some of this lactobacillus to be considered as a probiotic. via investigating several characteristics including, their ability to resist and survive gastrointestinal tract conditions represented in gastric acidity (pH 2.5-3) and duodenal bile acids, and at the same time, having safety or non-pathogenicity, which principally includes non-harboring of antibiotic resistance (AR) patterns or virulence factors. Finally, the isolated lactobacillus strains were tested as inhibitors for some pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli.
EXPERIMENTAL TRIALS FOR REDUCING BIOFILM-PRODUCING Escherichia coli US-ING Nigella sativa AND OLIVE OILS’ NANOEMULSIONS
Authors: Abd-El Aal Salah F. A. , Mohamed Alaa M. A. , Mohamed Asmaa S. M.
Published: January 2024

Dairy products can be contaminated from their surrounding surfaces and equipment with biofilm forming foodborne pathogens such as Escherichia coli (E. coli). Biofilm production is regarded as an adaptive mechanism that enhance microbial growth and proliferation. In sight of these facts, this study aimed to investigate of the prevalence of E. coli in dairy products (kariesh cheese, ice cream, and pasteurized milk), and dairy plant floors, and their contact equipment. Besides, the abilities of the identified E. coli serotypes to produce biofilm were further examined. In a reduction trial, the use of Nigella sativa and olive oils’ nanoemulsions to reduce E. coli-biofilm formation was examined. The obtained results indicated that the prevalence rates of E. coli in the examined kariesh cheese, ice cream, pasteurized milk, dairy plant floors, and equipment were 19.05%, 4.76%, 0%, 45.24%, and 30.96%, respectively. Five E. coli serotypes were identified in the current investigation namely, E. coli O26:H11, E. coli O55:H7, E. coli O78:H-, E. coli O111:H4, and E. coli O127:H6 at variable rates. Molecular identification of the recovered E. coli serotypes revealed that all serotypes harbored E. coli-specific 16S rRNA, and fim H, biofilm-coding genes. All identified E. coli serotypes had the ability to produce biofilm in the following order: E. coli O26:H11, E. coli O55:H7, E. coli O78:H-, E. coli O111:H4, and E. coli O127:H6, respectively. Nigella sativa, and olive oils’ nanoemulsions reduced biofilm production in a concentration dependent manner.
PREVALENCE OF NDV-VII.1.1, LPAI-H9N2 AND HPAI-H5N8 IN CHICKENS IN 2 EGYPTIAN GOVERNORATES DURING LATE 2020
Authors: Hegazy Ahmed M. E. , Abd El-Fattah Bedair Amr , Abdallah Ehab M. , Abd Elaziz Adel M. , Tolba Hala M.N.
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Avian Influenza (AIV) incriminated in many respiratory disease problems and egg production decline affecting both broilers and laying hens worldwide. Isolation and identification of NDV, AIV were carried out on 50 diseased chicken (43 broiler & 7 layer) flocks collected from Damietta and Dakahlia Governorates, Egypt. Thirty eight out of 50 examined flocks (76%) showed respiratory signs [37 broiler (74%) and 1-layer (2%) flocks]. The other 12 examined flocks exhibited general signs of illness with greenish diarrhea. Samples from the examined flocks were inoculated into ECE via allantoic sac route and the collected allantoic fluids were tested for hemagglutination activity (HA) which revealed that 21 out of 50 flocks were HA positive (42%); 19 broiler (90.47%) and 2-layer (9.52%) flocks. The twenty-one HA positive samples were subsequently subjected to real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction (rRT-PCR). Fifteen samples were positive for Velogenic NDV (71.42%); 3 samples were positive for low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) subtype H9 (14.28%); one samples was positive for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5 (4.76%) and 2 samples showed mixed infection for both NDV and H9N2 (9.52%). The Phylogenetic analysis identified the Velogenic NDV genotype VII.1.1 with the amino acid sequence of the three isolates fusion protein cleavage site carries motif 112RRQKRF117. The partial HA gene sequence classified the one selected LPAI-H9N2 isolate as a member of G1 lineage within group B with dibasic amino acid cleavage site motif of 333PARSSR/GLF341 which is distinctive to LPAI. While the other selected isolates of HPAI-H5 belonged to sub type H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b with multibasic amino acid cleavage site motif of 73PLREKRRKR/GLF84 which is characteristic to HPAI. Our data highlighted the vital role of these viruses in the respiratory disease in poultry flocks. Further continuous studies are necessary for assessing new emerging strains to AIV and NDV and to discuss the impact of the co-infections of these viruses in order to learn more details for their prevention and control.Key words: Newcastle disease virus, NDV-VII.1.1, Avian Influenza virus, HPAI-H5N8, LPAI-H9N2; chicken flocks
THE LITTLE WHITE EGRET (Egretta garzetta) AS A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT AVIAN PATHOGENIC E. coli
Authors: Al-Humam Naser A. , SaadEldin Walaa Fathy
Published: January 2024

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a significant threat that affect domesticated and wild birds. Studies related to the prevalence of APEC in the migratory and wild birds are relatively few compared with those related to other avian species. In particular, the role of the little white egret (Egretta garzetta) as a carrier and a reservoir for transmission of the APEC to other avian species had been neglected. Therefore, this work was done to study the occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) APEC in the extraintestinal tissues of the little white egret. The overall isolation percentage of APEC was 20%. The highest isolation percentage was recorded in lungs followed by air sacs, heart blood, liver, and kidneys with percentages of 20%, 15%, 10%, 10%, and 5%, respectively. Sereotyping of E. coli isolates revealed, 4 (33.33%) strains of O26:K6, 3 (25%) strains of O78:K80, 2 (16.66%) strains of O114:K90, 2 (16.66%) strains of O2:K1, and 1(8.33%) strain of O127:K63. Virulence-associated genes including arginine succinyltransferase (astA), temperature sensitive hemagglutinin (tsh), putative avian hemolysin (hlyF), and iron outer membrane receptor (iroN) were screened using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and all of tested genes were detected in E. coli serotype O78:K80. All E. coli isolates showed drug resistance to at least one of the 12 antimicrobials tested, with remarkable high resistance (100%) to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, and penicillin. In conclusion, the little white egret should be considered as a potential carrier for MDR APEC.
MOULD CONTAMINATION OF SOME MEAT PRODUCTS WITH REFERENCE TO DECONTAMINATION TRIALS OF Aspergillus flavus USING ESSENTIAL OILS
Authors: El Bayomi Rasha M. , Hebishy Rasha Mahmoud M. A. , Darwish Wageh Sobhy , El-Atabany Adel Ibrahim M. , Mahmoud Abdallah Fikry A.
Published: January 2024

Over the years, researchers, food specialists, and all authorities concerned with food safety around the world could develop many ways to preserve and improve the shelf life of food. Recently, volatile oils have been gaining attention for their antifungal and anti-mycotoxin properties. The objectives of the present study were first to investigate mold contamination of four chilled meat products (luncheon, beef burger, sausage, and minced meat) retailed in Zagazig city, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Second, identification of the prevalent mould genera was followed. Third, the inhibitory effects of some essential oils against Aspergillus flavus were tested. The results of the present study showed that the mean values of the total mould count were 2.47 ± 0.04, 2.85 ± 0.11, 3.08 ± 0.12 and 2.24 ± 0.02 (log10 CFU/g) in luncheon, beef burger, sausage, and minced meat, respectively. The most contaminated samples were that belonging to sausage, followed by beef burger, luncheon, and minced meat. Five mould genera were isolated and identified in the current study, namely, Aspergillus, Penicillum, Cladosporium, Alternaria, and Mucor Furthermore, Aspergillus species was further identified into A. flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, A. ochraceus, and A. terreus. Essential oils of cinnamon, lemongrass, and thyme at 1% and 2% had a clear inhibitory effect against A. flavus-artificially contaminated beef burger. The effects of thyme oil 1%, cinnamon oil 1%, and lemongrass oil 1% at the 9th day on the overall acceptability score were 7.33 ± 0.28, 7.13 ± 0.27, and 7.09 ± 0.18, respectively. A. flavus counts were 3.79 ± 0.05, 3.18 ± 0.07, and 3.61 ± 0.05, respectively after these treatments. While, at the same day, thyme oil 2% effect > lemongrass oil 2% > cinnamon oil 2% for both overall acceptability score and total A. flavus count.  These findings suggest that thyme, cinnamon, and lemongrass EOs have significant antifungal activity, which is a promising solution for mould decontamination and consequently extends the shelf life of meat products.
Charakter Pisma Świętego według Orygenesa
Authors: Frey OP Piotr
Published: January 2024

Orygenes jest pionierem egzegezy chrześcijańskiej. Jego potomni opowiadali się za nim lub stawali w opozycji do niego. Nikt jednak nie zaprzeczy przeolbrzymiego wpływu, jaki jego koncepcje miały w zasadzie na całe chrześcijaństwo. Ta sława doprowadzi najpierw do sporów, potem do potępienia, aż wreszcie do zapomnienia na wiele wieków o wielkim Aleksandryjczyku. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu ukazanie jego niebanalnej odpowiedzi na pytanie: Co to oznacza, że Pismo Święte mówi prawdę? Wobec powracających fundamentalizmów i uproszczeń, warto przypomnieć sobie, jak subtelną propozycję wypracowało chrześcijaństwo już w pierwszych swoich pokoleniach.