bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oceanic Response to Surface Loading Effects Neglected in Volume-Conserving Models
Authors: Ponte Rui M.
Published: April 2006

Forcing by freshwater fluxes implies variable surface loads that are not treated in volume-conserving ocean models. A similar problem exists with the representation of volume changes implied by surface heat fluxes. Under the assumption of an equilibrium response, such surface loads merely lead to spatially uniform sea level fluctuations, which carry no dynamical significance. A barotropic model forced by realistic freshwater fluxes is used to test the validity of the equilibrium assumption on seasonal to daily time scales. The simulated nonequilibrium signals have amplitudes much weaker than those of the forcing, with standard deviations well below 1 mm over most of the deep ocean. Larger values (up to ∼1 cm) can be found in shallow and semienclosed coastal areas, where the equilibrium assumption can lead to substantial errors even at monthly and longer time scales. Forcing by mean seasonal river runoff yields similar results, and heat flux effects lead to weaker nonequilibrium signals. In contrast, nonequilibrium signals driven by atmospheric pressure loading are at least an order of magnitude larger than those forced by freshwater fluxes. The exceptions occur for some shallow, coastal regions in the Tropics and at the longest time scales, in general, where forcing by freshwater flux is much stronger than by pressure.
Interaction of SST Modes in the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: April 2006

The spectral origin of the recently discovered multidecadal modes (MMs) and centennial modes (CMs) is explained. These modes appear in the linear stability analysis of thermohaline-driven flows in a single-hemispheric ocean basin. It is shown that both classes of modes arise through interaction of so-called sea surface temperature (SST) modes. These SST modes are damped and nonoscillatory for the unforced (motionless) flow. They become oscillatory under small thermal forcing through mode merging that is induced by the meridional overturning circulation. The type of merger responsible for each class of modes explains many features—for example, why CMs can be found in two-dimensional models whereas MMs cannot—of the patterns of the modes at realistic forcing strength.
A Method for Assimilating Lagrangian Data into a Shallow-Water-Equation Ocean Model
Authors: Salman H. , Kuznetsov L. , Jones C. K. R. T. , Ide K.
Published: April 2006

Lagrangian measurements provide a significant portion of the data collected in the ocean. Difficulties arise in their assimilation, however, since Lagrangian data are described in a moving frame of reference that does not correspond to the fixed grid locations used to forecast the prognostic flow variables. A new method is presented for assimilating Lagrangian data into models of the ocean that removes the need for any commonly used approximations. This is accomplished by augmenting the state vector of the prognostic variables with the Lagrangian drifter coordinates at assimilation. It is shown that this method is best formulated using the ensemble Kalman filter, resulting in an algorithm that is essentially transparent for assimilating Lagrangian data. The method is tested using a set of twin experiments on the shallow-water system of equations for an unsteady double-gyre flow configuration. Numerical simulations show that this method is capable of correcting the flow even if the assimilation time interval is of the order of the Lagrangian autocorrelation time scale (TL) of the flow. These results clearly demonstrate the benefits of this method over other techniques that require assimilation times of 20%–50% of TL, a direct consequence of the approximations introduced in assimilating their Lagrangian data. Detailed parametric studies show that this method is particularly effective if the classical ideas of localization developed for the ensemble Kalman filter are extended to the Lagrangian formulation used here. The method that has been developed, therefore, provides an approach that allows one to fully realize the potential of Lagrangian data for assimilation in more realistic ocean models.
Guanxi and supplier search mechanisms in China
Authors: Millington Andrew , Eberhardt Markus , Wilkinson Barry
Published: April 2006

Supply localization is an expressed desire among western MNCs with manufacturing subsidiaries in the People's Republic of China (PRC), but poor information coding and diffusion poses problems in identifying suitable local supply firm partners. This article investigates the mechanics of personal connections, and in particular guanxi, in local supplier search and appraisal within a large sample of UK-and US-invested manufacturers in China. The results emphasize the importance of business rather than family and community connections as sources of guanxi, supporting Guthrie's (1999) view that industrialization and modernization has reduced the importance of traditional forms of guanxi. The results also suggest that social networks derived from relational contracting and the expatriate community are important sources of information. On the basis of this analysis we make a number of recommendations for improvement of firms' supplier search capabilities.
From agency to structure: Analysis of an episode in a facilitation process
Authors: Cooren François , Thompson Fiona , Canestraro Donna , Bodor Tamás
Published: April 2006

In this article, we analyze an exercise in a facilitation process by showing that the structuring of this episode can be studied just by highlighting how different forms of agency (human and non-human) articulate with each other. The objective of this study is threefold: first, it aims at demonstrating that structuring effects can indeed be identified through a bottom-up approach without resorting to any form of duality or dualism, as it is common to think in the traditional literature in organizational studies (Conrad & Haynes, 2001); second, through this analysis, it illustrates the analytical power of such an approach by showing how it allows us to identify specific strategies used by the facilitators to do their work, especially in the way they select who or what is acting in a chain of agencies; third, it illustrates how the attribution of agency to artifacts allows human participants to progress throughout the facilitation process by enabling them to objectify what they are supposed to think and wish for, a process that Weick (1979) has identified as the bulk of organizing processes.
Libyan Children's Views on the Importance of School Factors Which Contributed to Their Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties
Authors: Gadour Abdelbasit
Published: April 2006

A group of 34 children from mainstream schools in Libya representing four Local Education Authorities (LEAs) were interviewed about their emotional and behavioural diffiulties (EBD) and the factors which might be responsible for their EBD. Although, in general, children's views of EBD did not yield remarkably different accounts to those already reported in the literature, they highlighted an alternative perspective into the dominant aetiology of children's EBD. In fact, children's accounts of their EBD appeared to reflect a psychosocial perspective in that the impact of the social context on their behaviour was predominant as opposed to attributing their behaviour merely to individual or psychological inner conflicts. They appeared likely to develop behavioural difficulties and do much less well academically because of school related factors, despite the fact that they identified personal and parental shortcomings. The implications of this study on the attributions of EBD underline the role and responsibility of the school and teachers leading to EBD and possibly to exclusion as an admission of failure.
Indian Nurses in the Gulf: Two Generations of Female Migration
Authors: Percot Marie
Published: April 2006

The article, based largely on fieldwork in Gulf countries and in Kerala, focuses on female nurses from Kerala who have worked, are currently working or are preparing to work in Gulf countries. It examines in particular to what extent these women today aspire not only to a lucrative career abroad, but also to a new lifestyle in which traditional gender-based restrictions are replaced by increased and improved female agency and a focus on the nuclear family. The main goal of this article is to demonstrate how, after three decades, the migration of Keralese nurses to the Gulf has evolved into an actual migratory strategy to take advantage of the various new opportunities available in western countries. After two generations of nurse migration, evolutions, which are closely linked to the emergence of an Indian – or, more precisely, a Keralese – diaspora in the Gulf countries, are now taking on a much wider global dimension, with significant implications on lifestyle choices.
The Networked World of Lifelong Learning and the Challenging Role of the Library
Authors: Oladokun Olugbade Samuel
Published: April 2006

Discusses the challenging role of the library in supporting lifelong learning, particularly through distance learning programmes. Compares current developments in developed and developing countries and discusses alternative strategies, including partnerships with the faculty and collaborative partnerships among libraries, and the impact of information and communication technology applications. Outlines e-learning initiatives and the programme for teaching information literacy skills at the University of Botswana.
France: the riots and the Republic
Authors: Murray Graham
Published: April 2006

The riots of November 2005 among minority ethnic youths in the banlieues of France exposed a racism that scores deep into the French nation. Emergency law was invoked, curfews imposed and thousands of police were deployed. In the process, both the riots and the response to them brought into the open an aspect of France’s secular republicanism that often lies hidden; an explosive mix of poverty, discrimination and Islamophobia. French assimilation is seen to have failed, yet the acceptance of multiculturalism as a social fact is viewed with suspicion.
Special Section: ‘Forty Seven, Today You are Nine’: Systematic Abuse in Irish Childcare Institutions
Authors: Shield Paul
Published: April 2006

This paper discusses Bion's Affect Theory, in relation to the recent disclosure of systematic abuse in State-funded childcare institutions in Ireland. Exploring Meltzer's development of Bion's early work the paper describes the wider cultural and historical circumstances in which children and carers came to enter the physically and emotionally claustrophobic environment of the claustrum, in which a lack of knowledge could lead to hurting. The aim is to increase our understanding of how individual and group dynamics can lead to people becoming dehumanized under certain forms of state organization; and the importance of developing and maintaining knowledgeable, reflective and accountable systems of care and management, aware of the ever present risk of boundary violation.
A Theory of Mind
Authors: de Maré Patrick , Schöllberger Roberto
Published: April 2006

This is the fourth and final article which the authors have published about the mind and is focused on the actual theory of the mind itself as suggested by them. The authors emphasize that as a concept the mind does exist and is contra distinct to the scientific psychoanalytic approach. The article introduces such features as minding, caring, humanizing and thinking to the therapeutic scene.
Countertransference in Groups
Authors: Beck Werner
Published: April 2006

In this article, the author considers different interpretations and views of the role and focus of the group analyst in countertransference. The term ‘scenic understanding’ is introduced, which enables analysts to discern and understand the situation as a reenactment in a therapeutic state and a clinical vignette demonstrates how this enhances the relationship between the analyst, the group members and the group as a whole, in search of the underlying truth.
Acts and the Healing Narratives: Why?
Authors: Warrington Keith
Published: April 2006

Acts includes a selection of healing narratives. This article asks and answers two questions concerning them. Why does Luke record the healings performed by Peter and Paul? Why does Luke record the healings performed by Stephen, Philip and Ananias? The answer to both questions is the same. The healings indicate that Jesus is present among the believers. The ascension of Jesus does not indicate his absence. The healings are reminiscent of the way Jesus healed. It is as if he was performing them himself; in reality, he is. Because of the contemporary pressures on the readers of the book of Acts, this timeless message of the centrality of Jesus is particularly important. For the contemporary reader, the lessons are the same though the context is different.
Evaluation of and for Democracy
Authors: Hanberger Anders
Published: April 2006

There are many options for elaborating democratic evaluations. This article discusses evaluation of and for democracy, and in particular three broad democratic evaluation orientations: elitist democratic evaluation (EDE), participatory democratic evaluation (PDE) and discursive democratic evaluation (DDE). The archetypes differ regarding, for example, evaluation focus, inclusion of stakeholders, dialogue and the role of the evaluator. The three orientations promote certain democratic values and are linked to the elitist, participatory or discursive notions of democracy respectively. It is argued that there is a need to become more conscious of how evaluations not labelled democratic can influence democracy and what responsibility democratic evaluators have. If commissioners and evaluators become more aware of the different democratic orientations evaluations may have, they will be better able to decide which evaluation to commission and undertake.
Paradise defiled
Authors: Lewis Jeff
Published: April 2006

The spread of global Jihadist terrorism was brutally announced in the 2002 Bali bombings. The attacks marked a significant moment in the relationship between Australia and Bali. The bewilderment characterizing Balinese and Australian responses to the 2002 bombings is linked to processes of globalization and the ‘de-bordering’ of knowledge, most particularly as it resonates through locally constituted ‘ideology’, beliefs and identity. While for the Bali Hindu communities this cultural expressivity is located in Vedic mythology, rituals and principles, for many Australians it appears to be associated with various forms of political ideology and ‘nationalism’. It is unsurprising that Australia's first commemoration of the bombing was iterated through a profound grief, rendered more acute by nationalism and national pride. It heroized the victims through the heroization of nation; the assailants were motivated by a desire not merely to destroy Australians and Australia but the very basis of the modern nation itself – freedom, democracy, justice and history.
Integrating Asthma Prevention and Control: The Roles of the Coalition
Authors: Krieger James W. , Bourcier Emily , Lara Marielena , Peterson Jane W. , Rosenthal Michael P. , Taylor-Fishwick Judith C. , Friedman Amy R. , Lachance Laurie L. , Doctor Linda Jo
Published: April 2006

Activities addressing pediatric asthma are often fragmented. Allies coalitions promoted integration, the alignment of concurrent asthma control activities across and within sectors. Systems integration describes activities from an organizational perspective. Activities included developing a shared vision, promoting consistency in asthma education and self-management support, improving adherence to clinical guidelines, advocating jointly for policy change, and seeking funds collaboratively. Service integration describes activities focused on ensuring seamless, comprehensive services through coordination within and across organizations. Activities included use of community health workers (CHWs) and nurses for care coordination, program cross-referral, and clinical quality improvement. Integration is a sustainable role for coalitions as it requires fewer resources than service delivery and results in institutionalization of system changes. Organizations that seek integration of asthma control may benefit.
The Coalition Process at Work: Building Care Coordination Models to Control Chronic Disease
Authors: Rosenthal Michael P. , Butterfoss Frances D. , Doctor Linda Jo , Gilmore Lisa A. , Krieger James W. , Meurer John R. , Vega Ivonne
Published: April 2006

Asthma is a highly prevalent and frequently misunderstood chronic disease with significant morbidity. Integrating client services at the patient-centered level and using coalitions to build coordinated, linked systems to affect care may improve outcomes. All seven Allies Against Asthma coalitions identified inefficient, inconsistent, and/or fragmented care as issues for their communities. In response, the coalitions employed a collaborative process to identify and address problems related to system fragmentation and to improve coordination of care. Each coalition developed a variety of interventions related to its specific needs and assets, stakeholders, stage of coalition formation, and the dynamic structure of its community. Despite common barriers in forming alliances with busy providers and their staff, organizing administrative structures among interinstitutional cultures, enhancing patient and/or family involvement, interacting with multiple insurers, and contending with health system inertia, the coalitions demonstrated the ability to produce coordinated improvements to existing systems of care.
Engaging the Community in Coalition Efforts to Address Childhood Asthma
Authors: Peterson Jane W. , Lachance Laurie L. , Butterfoss Frances D. , Houle Christy R. , Nicholas Elisa A. , Gilmore Lisa A. , Lara Marielena , Friedman Amy R.
Published: April 2006

For health improvement efforts to effectively address community needs, community members must be engaged in planning and implementing public health initiatives. For Allies Against Asthma’s coalitions, the community included not only the subpopulation of individuals who suffer disproportionately from asthma but also the individuals and institutions that surround them. Through a quantitative self-assessment survey, informal discussion among coalition leadership, and interviews with key informants, data relevant to community engagement identified a number of important ways the Allies coalitions approached community involvement. Respondents’ comments made clear that the way the coalitions conduct their work is often as important as what they do. Across coalitions, factors that were identified as important for community involvement included (a) establishing a commitment to community involvement, (b) building trust, (c) making participation feasible and comfortable, (d) responding to community identified needs, (e) providing leadership development opportunities, and (f) building a shared commitment to desired outcomes.
Two-Way Streets: Recognition of Difference and the Intersubjective Third
Authors: Benjamin Jessica
Published: April 2006

jessica benjamin is a psychoanalyst practicing in New York City who also teaches and supervises at the New York University Postdoctoral Psychology Program in Psychoanalysis. She is the author of The Bonds of Love: Psychoanalysis, Feminisms, and the Problem of Domination (Pantheon, 1988), Like Subjects, Love Objects (Yale University Press, 1995), and Shadow of the Other: Intersubjectivity and Gender in Psychoanalysis (Routledge, 1998). Her current work is on the problem of acknowledgment of personal and social trauma.
Apolipoprotein Eɛ2 Is Associated with New Hemorrhage Risk in Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Pawlikowska Ludmila , Poon K.Y. Trudy , Achrol Achal S. , McCulloch Charles E. , Ha Connie , Lum Kristen , Zaroff Jonathan G. , Ko Nerissa U. , Johnston S Claiborne , Sidney Stephen , Marchuk Douglas A. , Lawton Michael T. , Kwok Pui-Yan , Young William L.
Published: April 2006

OBJECTIVE:

Patients with brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) are at life-threatening risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Identification of genetic variants associated with increased new ICH risk would facilitate risk stratification and guide therapeutic intervention.

METHODS:

Brain AVM patients evaluated at University of California, San Francisco or Kaiser Permanente Northern California were followed longitudinally. Primary outcome was new ICH after diagnosis; censoring events were any AVM treatment or last follow-up examination. The association of ApoE ɛ2 and ɛ4 genotype with new ICH was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and further characterized via a Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS:

We genotyped 284 brain AVM patients (50% women; 57% Caucasian; median follow-up time, 0.3 yr) including 18 patients with a history of new ICH). ApoE ɛ2, but not ApoE ɛ4 genotype, was associated with new ICH (P = 0.0052). ApoE ɛ2 carriers had fivefold increased risk of new ICH (hazard ratio, 5.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.46–17.7; P = 0.010; Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for race/ethnicity and clinical presentation). Subset analysis in the largest homogenous ethnic subcohort (Caucasians) confirmed the increased risk of new ICH in ApoE ɛ2 carriers (hazard ratio, 8.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–53.9; P = 0.020; multivariate model adjusting for clinical presentation).

CONCLUSION:

ApoE genotype may influence the risk of ICH in the natural course of brain AVM. The identification of genetic predictors of ICH risk may facilitate estimation of AVM natural history risk and individualize clinical decision-making and therapeutic recommendations.
Predictors of Neurocognitive Decline after Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Mocco J , Wilson David A. , Komotar Ricardo J. , Zurica Joseph , Mack William J. , Halazun Hadi J. , Hatami Raheleh , Sciacca Robert R. , Connolly E Sander , Heyer Eric J.
Published: April 2006

OBJECTIVE:

Although the incidence of stroke after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is low (1–3%), approximately 25% of patients experience subtle declines in postoperative neuropsychometric function. No studies have investigated the risk factors for this neurocognitive change. We sought to identify predictors of postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction.

METHODS:

We enrolled 186 CEA patients, with both symptomatic and asymptomatic stenosis, to undergo a battery of neuropsychometric tests preoperatively and on postoperative Days 1 and 30. Neurocognitive dysfunction was defined as a two standard deviation decline in performance compared with a similarly aged control group of lumbar laminectomy patients. Univariate logistic regression was performed for age, sex, obesity, smoking, symptomatology, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, use of statin medication, previous myocardial infarction, previous CEA, operative side, duration of surgery, duration of carotid cross-clamp, and weight-adjusted doses of midazolam and fentanyl. Variables achieving univariate P<0.10 were included in a multivariate analysis. Data is presented as (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, P-value).

RESULTS:

Eighteen and 9% of CEA patients were injured on postoperative Days 1 and 30, respectively. Advanced age predicted neurocognitive dysfunction on Days 1 and 30 (1.93 per decade, 1.15–3.25, 0.01; and 2.57 per decade, 1.01–6.51, 0.049, respectively). Additionally, diabetes independently predicted injury on Day 30 (4.26, 1.15–15.79, 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS:

Advanced age and diabetes predispose to neurocognitive dysfunction after CEA. These results are consistent with risk factors for neurocognitive dysfunction after coronary bypass and major stroke after CEA, supporting an underlying ischemic pathophysiology. Further work is necessary to determine the role these neurocognitive deficits may play in appropriately selecting patients for CEA.
Postoperative Radiosurgery for Malignant Spinal Tumors
Authors: Rock Jack P. , Ryu Samuel , Shukairy Mohammad S. , Yin Fang-Fang , Sharif Aktham , Schreiber Faye , Abdulhak Muwaffak , Kim Jae Ho , Rosenblum Mark L.
Published: April 2006

OBJECTIVE:

Although, as a primary therapy, radiosurgery for spinal tumors is becoming more common in clinical practice and is associated with encouraging clinical results, we wanted to evaluate outcomes after radiosurgery in a series of postoperative patients.

METHODS:

We examined the medical records of 18 postoperative patients who received radiosurgical treatment to their residual spinal tumors: metastatic carcinoma (10), sarcoma (3), multiple myeloma/plasmacytoma (4), and giant cell tumor (1). Marginal radiosurgical doses ranged from 6 to 16 Gy (mean, 11.4 Gy) prescribed to the 90% isodose line. All regions of the spine received treatment: 2 cervical, 15 thoracic, and 1 lumbosacral. The volume of irradiated spinal elements receiving 30, 50, and 80% of the total dose ranged from 0.51 to 11.05, 0.19 to 6.34, and 0.06 to 1.73 cm3, respectively. Treatment sessions (i.e., patient in to patient out of the room) varied between 20 and 40 minutes. Follow-up ranged from 4 to 36 months (median, 7 mo).

RESULTS:

Even though significant doses of radiation were delivered to all regions of the spinal cord and nerve roots coincidentally involved in the treatments, only one patient in this series developed progressive symptoms possibly attributable to a toxic effect of the radiosurgery. Of those patients initially presenting with neurological deficits, 92% either remained neurologically stable or improved.

CONCLUSION:

Our observations suggest that radiosurgery as prescribed in this series of postoperative patients with residual spinal tumor is well-tolerated and associated with little to no significant morbidity.
Surgical Strategies for Recurrent Craniofacial Meningiomas
Authors: Rao Ganesh , Klimo Paul , Jensen Randy L. , MacDonald Joel D. , Couldwell William T.
Published: April 2006

OBJECTIVE:

Recurrent cranial base meningiomas are among the most difficult tumors to treat surgically. Although they are histologically benign, these tumors often invade through the cranial base into the infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae. We reviewed our experience with these tumors to describe the natural history of these lesions as well as provide a possible treatment paradigm.

METHODS:

Between 2000 and 2004, seven patients with meningiomas recurring through the cranial base into facial structures were treated at the University of Utah. Five patients were treated with transcranial approaches only, and two were treated with a combination of transcranial and transfacial approaches.

RESULTS:

The average age of our patients (6 women, 1 man) was 55 years. The original site of tumor was the sphenoid wing in four patients, the middle fossa in two patients, and the left frontal region in one patient. The average interval between the most recent tumor resection and recurrence into the face was 9.9 years. The mean number of resections a patient underwent before invasion into the face was two. All but one patient had adjunctive therapy (including either radiation or chemotherapy) before recurrence into the face.

CONCLUSION:

Meningiomas that recur into facial structures present a unique treatment challenge. These lesions have a high rate of recurrence once they have invaded through the cranial base. Although combined approaches may be necessary to achieve a gross total resection, these lesions can often be reached using standard transcranial techniques.
Removal of An Orbital Metallic Foreign Body to Facilitate Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Technical Case Report
Authors: Deen H Gordon , Miller David A. , Kostick David A. , Jaeckle Kurt A.
Published: April 2006

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice for brain tumors and other lesions of the central nervous system. However, this procedure is contraindicated in patients with orbital metallic foreign bodies. In such cases, the usual clinical strategy is to manage the patient without the benefit of MRI scans and, instead, to rely on less sensitive imaging modalities in particular computed tomographic scanning.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

Two patients, one with a posterior fossa mass and one with suspected central nervous system lymphoma, were seen at our institution. MRI scanning was recommended, but had been precluded in both patients by the presence of metal fragments in the orbit.

INTERVENTION:

In each case, the orbital foreign body was successfully localized and removed. Postprocedure computed tomographic scanning confirmed complete removal. MRI scanning was then performed without difficulty. The first patient underwent posterior fossa craniotomy and removal of the tumor, which proved to be a medulloblastoma. The second patient was found to have evidence of lymphoma in the cranial base and meninges and was treated with radiotherapy and systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy. MRI scanning provided superior diagnostic information and spared both patients the risks and discomfort of myelography and exposure to ionizing radiation from multiple computerized tomographic scans.

CONCLUSION:

Two patients with central nervous system tumors underwent removal of a metal fragment in the orbit for the specific purpose of facilitating MRI scans. This is a practical, straightforward concept, which should be considered when MRI scanning is needed for optimal patient management.
Interactions of primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes with extracellular matrix proteins: contribution of α2β1 integrin
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Gang , Bothe Ingo , Hirche Frank , Zweers Manon , Gullberg Donald , Pfitzer Gabriele , Krieg Thomas , Eckes Beate , Aumailley Monique
Published: April 2006

The α2β1 integrin is a collagen-binding protein with very high affinity for collagen I. It also binds several other collagens and laminins and it is expressed by many cells, including keratinocytes and fibroblasts in the skin. In the past, α2β1 integrin was suggested to be responsible for cell attachment, spreading and migration on monomeric collagen I and contraction of three-dimensional collagen lattices. In view of these functions, normal development and fertility in integrin α2-deficient mice, which we generated by targeting the integrin α2 gene, came as a surprise. This suggested the existence of compensatory mechanisms that we investigate here using primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes isolated from wild-type and α2-deficient mice, antibodies blocking integrin function and downregulation of integrin α2 expression. The results show that the α2β1 integrin is absolutely required for keratinocyte adhesion to collagens whereas for fibroblasts other collagen-binding integrins partially back-up the lack of α2β1 in simple adhesion to collagen monomers. A prominent requirement for α2β1 integrins became apparent when fibroblasts executed mechanical tasks of high complexity in three-dimensional surroundings, such as contracting free-floating collagen gels and developing isometric forces in tethered lattices. The deficits observed for α2-deficient fibroblasts appeared to be linked to alterations in the distribution of force-bearing focal adhesions and deregulation of Rho-GTPase activation.
Hydroformylation of Monosubstituted Alkenes Catalyzed by W–Rh Bimetallic Complex
Authors: Yamane Motoki , Yukimura Noriaki , Ishiai Hiroshi , Narasaka Koichi
Published: April 2006

By using a heterobimetallic catalyst, (CO)4(PEtPh2)W(μ-PPh2)Rh(CO)(PPh3), chemoselective hydroformylation of monosubstituted alkenes proceeds efficiently at room temperature under atmospheric pressure of CO/H2, without affecting functional groups such as disubstituted alkene moieties, aryl and alkenyl iodide moieties, and hydroxy and carboxy groups.
Graft down at City Hall? John Gunther, American book journalism and perceptions of European cataclysm in the 1930s
Authors: Miller Brian
Published: April 2006

American hegemonic cultural theory, as originally derived from Gramsci, interprets American popular culture in non-American countries in the context of the overwhelming might of the United States in military, economic and political terms during and after World War Two. Culture here
is associated with domination. This may have its uses in explaining the situation of today, but American popular culture had easily penetrated countries such as Britain (at a time when British people mainly embraced her own imperial and rival pretensions) well before the United States' superpower
emergence. A subsidiary question lies in the realm of middlebrow culture, and how its influence fits into a popular culture paradigm. The researched example examines the impact of American investigative journalism on British public opinion during the appeasement period of the 1930s.
Odyssey of a double consciousness: commonalities and disjunctions in contemporary French Caribbean and Runionese novels
Authors: Maunier Priscilla
Published: April 2006

Despite their geographical distance, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Runion tend to produce literary texts with striking commonalities. This can be explained to some extent by the islands' shared experience of slavery and French colonialism and their subsequent 1946 departmentalization. This common background has allowed the development of a literature which foregrounds an acutely felt need to redefine an island identity. This article explores the intermediary position of the characters in Guadeloupean Gisle Pineau'sL'Exil selon JuliaandChair piment, Martinican Tony Delsham'sNgropolitains et Euro-blacks, and Runionese Axel Gauvin'sFaims d'enfanceandTrain fou, as the latter negotiate between historic amnesia and cultural memory in an attempt to achieve what Roland Walter calls a double vision.
Inscriptions of dev/fiance: mtissage in Mauritian literature
Authors: Tranquille Danielle
Published: April 2006

This essay highlights and studies the tensions and paradoxes underlying the concept of mtissage within the Mauritian context. While mtissage has long been considered as the impossible meeting ground that splits entities implicitly inscribed in mutual opposition, critical
perspectives on this concept have evolved to the point where it is now read as a generative space of creative tension, giving rise to a liminal identity, a space of rhizomic transculturation. Given the varied and disparate visions of the diasporic experience that traverse our modern world,
its corollaries of exile and migration suggest that identity can ultimately be defined only as a postmodern play of displacement and metaphoric representations. With its ethnic history of pluralism, and contemporary claims to an effective representational praxis of its multicultural and multilingual
politics, Mauritius suggests itself as an ideal site from which to interrogate the possibilities and parameters of identity, particularly the complex inscriptions of the mtis. Through close readings of Carl de Souza's Le Sang de l'Anglais, Marie Thrse Humbert's A l'autre bout
de moi and La Montagne des signaux and selected poems of douard Maunick, the inconsistencies and incongruities of Mauritian mtissage will be underlined and analysed.
Book Reviews
Authors: Redouane Rabia , Githire Njeri , Durand Marianne , Carpenter Dora , Beauquis Corinne , Noble Peter , Redouane Najib , Laberge Yves , Redouane Rabia
Published: April 2006

Exile According to Julia, Gisle Pineau (trans. by Betty Wilson with an afterword by Marie-Agns Sourieau), (2003) Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 192 pp., 0-8139- 2247-X (hbk), 49.50; 0-8139-2248-8 (pbk), 17.95

Algeria 1839-2000: A Short History,
Benjamin Stora (trans. by Jane Marie Todd, foreword by William B. Quandt), (2001) Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 283 pp., ISBN 0-8014-8916-4 (pbk), 19.95/11.50

Les Italiens dans la Tunisie contemporaine, Romain H. Rainero (2002) Paris: Publisud, 251 pp., ISBN 2-86600-913-4
(pbk)

Algeria 1839-2000: A Short History, Benjamin Stora (trans. by Jane Marie Todd, foreword by William B. Quandt), (2001) Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 283 pp., ISBN 0-8014-8916-4 (pbk), 19.95/11.50

Les Italiens dans la Tunisie contemporaine, Romain
H. Rainero (2002) Paris: Publisud, 251 pp., ISBN 2-86600-913-4 (pbk)

Le Soi et l'autre. L'nonciation de l'identit dans les contextes interculturels Pierre Ouellet (dir.), (2002) Qubec: Presses de l'Universit Laval, 446 pp., ISBN 2763780172, 24,70

Siting the Quebec
Novel, Rosemary Chapman (2000) Oxford, Berne, Berlin, Brussels. Frankfurt, New York and Vienna: Peter Lang (Modern French Identities, 8), 282 pp., ISBN 3-906758-85-0

Ormerod, douard Glissant (2003) Paris: Gallimard, 361 pp., ISBN 2070767590, 22.50

Dictionnaire
des oeuvres littraires du Qubec. 1981-1985. Tome 7, Aurlien Boivin (dir.) avec la collaboration de Gilles Dorion et Gilles Grard, (2003) Montral: Fides, 1229 pp., ISBN 2-7621-2424-7, 79.95/64

Camus l'algrien, Ali Ydes (2003) Paris: L'Harmattan, 272 pp., ISBN 2-7475-5102-4,
22
Oceanic peoples in dialogue: French Polynesian literature as transnational link
Authors: Mateata-Allain Kareva
Published: April 2006

Ma'ohi people's transnational ties with other Oceanic communities have been severed due to colonial and imperial practices that have separated the Pacific into three orientalizing spaces, namely Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia and imposed their colonial languages thereupon. Since
much of Ma'ohi writing is in French, or the local Franitien, French Polynesia remains marginalized from anglophone Oceania, and Ma'ohi artistic, cultural, and literary production remains absent from Oceanic criticism. In the Pacific, Oceanic discourse reveals an Oceanic consciousness, which
entails recovering alternate histories, reading Oceania based on its diverse cultural contexts, privileging indigenous epistemologies, and decentring western authoritative and patriarchal discourses. Drawing upon Paul Gilroy's Black Atlantic and Tongan intellectual Epeli Hau'ofa's ideas,
this essay views transnationalism through a metaphoric lens using Ma'ohi literature as the va'a or canoe, to re-bridge Oceanic peoples in a transnational context.
From exclusion and alienation to a multi-racial community:The image of the mtis in New Caledonian literature
Authors: Brown Peter
Published: April 2006

In her 2005 New Year's greetings, Marie-Nolle Thmereau, the President of the New Caledonian government, expressed her confidence in the future of her multiracial country, echoing the recognition of New Caledonia's demographic make-up in official discourse since the Noumea Accord (1998).
This view of New Caledonian society has not, however, always been so optimistic or encompassing. The island's mixed population of some 230,000 has given rise over the years to social and political tensions. In this context, representations of Self and Other found in the island's literature,
particularly as they concern the historically highly contentious issue of biological and cultural interaction, provide valuable perspectives on this subject, enabling us to trace the evolution of local attitudes to the question of mtissage and acquire a broader vision of the lived experience
of the island's population.
Book Reviews
Authors: Austin Guy , Brning Angela , Crowley Patrick , Mosley Philip , Aitsiselmi Kamila , Redouane Najib , Redouane Rabia
Published: April 2006

Postcolonial Images: Studies in North African Film, Roy Armes, (2005) Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 279 pp., ISBN 18008426796 (pbk)

Contrechamps tragiques: Contribution antillaise la thorie littraire, Anne Douaire, (2005) Paris:
Presses de l'Universit Paris Sorbonne, 371 pp., ISBN 2840503395 (pbk), 24

Postcolonial Theory and Francophone Literary Studies, H. Adlai Murdoch and Anne Donadey (eds), (2005) Gainsville: University Press of Florida, 282 pp., ISBN 0813027764 (hbk), 65

L'aventure flamande
de la Revue Belge: Langues, littratures et cultures dans l'entre-deux-guerres, Reine Meylaerts (2004) Brussels: PIE/Peter Lang, 399 pp., ISBN 9052012199 (pbk)

Mediations et francophonie interculturelle, Lucille Guilbert (ed.), (2004) Quebec: Les Presses de l'Universit
Laval, 224 pp., ISBN 2763780946 (pbk)

Quand on refuse on dit non, Ahmadou Kourouma, (2004) Paris: ditions du Seuil, 168 pp., ISBN 202068022X (pbk), 14

Les Funrailles, Rachid Boudjedra, (2003) Paris: ditions Grasset, 287 pp., ISBN 2246632919, 15

Cousine
K, Yasmina Khadra, (2004) Paris: Julliard, 106 pp., ISBN 2260015972 (pbk), 14
Home and away: Nanni Moretti's The Last Customer and the ground zero of transnational identities
Authors: Rascaroli Laura
Published: April 2006

While being in many ways consistent with Moretti's previous work, The Last Customer (2002) points to an emerging concern in the work of this very Italian director with the international dimension of his cinema. The documentary, which bears witness to the closure of a 100-year-old
Italian pharmacy in New York, is a reflection on the creation and destruction of transnational identities. The small store - a home away from home not only for its owners, but also for its customers - hosted a community formed by a disparate group of people in real or imaginary diaspora, and
threatened by the workings of late capitalism. The transnational character of this store depended on its being somewhere in-between at least two imaginary places: an Italy on its way to becoming extinct, with its ethics of the family business and institution of the neighbourhood store; and
a myth, also fading, of the multiracial American metropolis.
The role of Turkish local radio in the construction of a youth community
Authors: Algan Ece
Published: April 2006

This study investigates the role of Turkish commercial local radio in the construction of a youth community in the city of Sanliurfa, which is located in the poor rural south-eastern region near the Syrian border. Through in-depth interviews with radio listeners and analysis of their
interactions via radio, this article also examines young people's attempts to overcome traditional restrictions and social norms through talk radio. By doing so, this study aims to highlight the social role of radio, which is often underestimated in media studies, and to challenge western-centric
scholarship on talk radio, which ignores talk radio's role in community formation. By drawing on Downing's concept of radical media, Atton's definition of alternative media, and Couldry's theorization of the symbolic hierarchy of media power, this study will discuss why some local commercial
stations in Sanliurfa function as alternative media for the Turkish youth and how they cross the boundary between the media and ordinary worlds to create a space for themselves.
Assessing the Effects of Human Mixing Patterns on Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Interhost Phylogenetics Through Social Network Simulation
Authors: Goodreau Steven M
Published: April 2006

Geneticists seeking to understand HIV-1 evolution among human hosts generally assume that hosts represent a panmictic population. Social science research demonstrates that the network patterns over which HIV-1 spreads are highly nonrandom, but the effect of these patterns on the genetic diversity of HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted pathogens has yet to be thoroughly examined. In addition, interhost phylogenetic models rarely account explicitly for genetic diversity arising from intrahost dynamics. This study outlines a graph-theoretic framework (exponential random graph modeling, ERGM) for the estimation, inference, and simulation of dynamic partnership networks. This approach is used to simulate HIV-1 transmission and evolution under eight mixing patterns resembling those observed in empirical human populations, while simultaneously incorporating intrahost viral diversity. Models of parametric growth fit panmictic populations well, yielding estimates of total viral effective population on the order of the product of infected host size and intrahost effective viral population size. Populations exhibiting patterns of nonrandom mixing differ more widely in estimates of effective population size they yield, however, and reconstructions of population dynamics can exhibit severe errors if panmixis is assumed. I discuss implications for HIV-1 phylogenetics and the potential for ERGM to provide a general framework for addressing these issues.
A single server tandem queue
Authors: Nair Sreekantan S.
Published: April 2006

Avi-Itzhak, Maxwell and Miller (1965) studied a queueing model with a single server serving two service units with alternating priority. Their model explored the possibility of having the alternating priority model treated in this paper with a single server serving alternately between two service units in tandem.

Here we study the distribution of busy period, virtual waiting time and queue length and their limiting behavior.
High density shot noise and gaussianity
Authors: Papoulis A.
Published: April 2006

The distance from Gaussianity of the shot noise process

is considered, where ti are the random times of a Poisson process with average density λ(t). With F(x) the distribution function of x(t) and G(x) that of a normal process with the same mean and variance as x(t) it is shown that

where

If the process x(t) is stationary with λ(t) =λ and h(t, τ) = h(t – τ) and the function h(t) is bandlimited by ωc, then the above yields
Limit theorems for sequences of jump Markov processes approximating ordinary differential processes
Authors: Kurtz T. G.
Published: April 2006

In [3] this author gave conditions under which a sequence of jump Markov processes Xn(t) will converge to the solution X(t) of a system of first order ordinary differential equations, in the sense that

for every δ > 0.
A solution to the fixed-cycle traffic light problem for compound Poisson arrivals
Authors: McNeil Donald R.
Published: April 2006

A basic problem in the mathematical theory of traffic flow is to obtain the expected delay to a vehicle at a fixed-cycle traffic light controlling an intersection. The factors affecting this expected delay are the cycle time, the fraction of time the traffic light is effectively red, the number of vehicles which can pass through when the signal is green, and the nature of the (random) arrival process for the vehicles. Once a solution is known, it is possible to fix the cycle time and the effective red period in such a way that the expected delay is minimized.
A process with chain dependent growth rate
Authors: Keilson Julian , Rao S. Subba
Published: April 2006

Additive processes on finite Markov chains have been investigated by Miller ([8], [9]), Keilson and Wishart ([2], [3], [4]) and by Fukushima and Hitsuda [1]. These papers study a two-dimensional Markov Process {X(t), R(t)} whose state space is R1 × {1, 2, ···, R} characterized by the following properties:

(i)

R(t) is an irreducible Markov chain on states 1,2, …,R governed by atransition probability matrix Bo = {brs}.

(ii)

X(t) is a sum of random increments dependent on the chain, i.e., if the ith transition takes the chain from state r to state s, then the increment has the distribution

(iii)

Nt, is t in discrete time while in the continuous time case Nt, might be an independent Poisson process.
Age dependent stochastic models for phage reproduction
Authors: Srinivasan S. K. , Rangan A.
Published: April 2006

The problem of age specific bacteriophage growth is dealt with, using the product density approach. Expressions for the product densities, taking into account the intermediate stages of transformations from the vegetative phage to mature phage, are also given.