bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smoking is associated with increased eryptosis, suicidal erythrocyte death, in a large population-based cohort
Authors: Schmitt Marvin , Ewendt Franz , Kluttig Alexander , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Kraus F. Bernhard , Wätjen Wim , Bürkner Paul-Christian , Stangl Gabriele I. , Föller Michael
Published: February 2024

Smoking has multiple detrimental effects on health, and is a major preventable cause of premature death and chronic disease. Despite the well-described effect of inhaled substances from tobacco smoke on cell toxicity, the association between smoking and suicidal erythrocyte death, termed eryptosis, is virtually unknown. Therefore, the blood samples of 2023 participants of the German National Cohort Study (NAKO) were analyzed using flow cytometry analysis to determine eryptosis from fluorescent annexin V-FITC-binding to phosphatidylserine-exposing erythrocytes. Blood analyses were complemented by the measurement of hematologic parameters including red blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular cell volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). Eryptosis was higher in smokers than in non- and ex-smokers, and positively associated with the number of cigarettes smoked daily (r = 0.08, 95% CI [0.03, 0.12]). Interestingly, despite increased eryptosis, smokers had higher red blood cell indices than non-smokers. To conclude, smokers were characterized by higher eryptosis than non-smokers, without showing any obvious detrimental effect on classic hematological parameters.
Antibacterial and deodorizing effects of cold atmospheric plasma-applied electronic deodorant
Authors: Bok Junsoo , Choi Jongbong , Lee Solpa , Lim Tae Ho , Jang Yongwoo
Published: February 2024

Axillary odor is a malodor produced by bacterial metabolism near the apocrine glands, which often causes discomfort in an individual's daily life and social interactions. A deodorant is a personal care product designed to alleviate or mask body odor. Currently, most deodorants contain antimicrobial chemicals and fragrances for odor management; however, direct application to the underarm skin can result in irritation or sensitivity. Therefore, there is a growing interest in technologies that enable disinfection and odor control without the antiperspirants or perfumes. The cold atmospheric plasma temporally generates reactive radicals that can eliminate bacteria and surrounding odors. In this study, cultured Staphylococcus hominis and Corynebacterium xerosis, the causative bacteria of axillary bromhidrosis, were killed after 90% plasma exposure for 3 min. Moreover, the electronic nose system indicated a significant reduction of approximately 51% in 3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid and approximately 34% in 3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol, the primary components of axillary odor, following a 5-min plasma exposure. These results support the dual function of our deodorant in eliminating bacteria and axillary odors without the chemical agents. Therefore, cold atmospheric plasma-applied deodorant devices have great potential for the treatment and management of axillary odors as a non-contact approach without chemical use in daily life.
Reliability of patient-specific gait profiles with inertial measurement units during the 2-min walk test in incomplete spinal cord injury
Authors: Willi Romina , Werner Charlotte , Demkó László , de Bie Rob , Filli Linard , Zörner Björn , Curt Armin , Bolliger Marc
Published: February 2024

Most established clinical walking tests assess specific aspects of movement function (velocity, endurance, etc.) but are generally unable to determine specific biomechanical or neurological deficits that limit an individual’s ability to walk. Recently, inertial measurement units (IMU) have been used to collect objective kinematic data for gait analysis and could be a valuable extension for clinical assessments (e.g., functional walking measures). This study assesses the reliability of an IMU-based overground gait analysis during the 2-min walk test (2mWT) in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Furthermore, the study elaborates on the capability of IMUs to distinguish between different gait characteristics in individuals with SCI. Twenty-six individuals (aged 22–79) with acute or chronic SCI (AIS: C and D) completed the 2mWT with IMUs attached above each ankle on 2 test days, separated by 1 to 7 days. The IMU-based gait analysis showed good to excellent test–retest reliability (ICC: 0.77–0.99) for all gait parameters. Gait profiles remained stable between two measurements. Sensor-based gait profiling was able to reveal patient-specific gait impairments even in individuals with the same walking performance in the 2mWT. IMUs are a valuable add-on to clinical gait assessments and deliver reliable information on detailed gait pathologies in individuals with SCI.

Trial registration: NCT04555759.
A Cre-dependent reporter mouse for quantitative real-time imaging of protein kinase A activity dynamics
Authors: Tilden Elizabeth I. , Maduskar Aditi , Oldenborg Anna , Sabatini Bernardo L. , Chen Yao
Published: February 2024

Intracellular signaling dynamics play a crucial role in cell function. Protein kinase A (PKA) is a key signaling molecule that has diverse functions, from regulating metabolism and brain activity to guiding development and cancer progression. We previously developed an optical reporter, FLIM-AKAR, that allows for quantitative imaging of PKA activity via fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and photometry. However, using viral infection or electroporation for the delivery of FLIM-AKAR is invasive and results in variable expression. Here, we developed a reporter mouse, FL-AK, which expresses FLIM-AKAR in a Cre-dependent manner from the ROSA26 locus. FL-AK provides robust and consistent expression of FLIM-AKAR over time. Functionally, the mouse line reports an increase in PKA activity in response to activation of both Gαs and Gαq-coupled receptors in brain slices. In vivo, FL-AK reports PKA phosphorylation in response to neuromodulator receptor activation. Thus, FL-AK provides a quantitative, robust, and flexible method to reveal the dynamics of PKA activity in diverse cell types.
Post-encoding task engagement not attentional load is detrimental to awake consolidation
Authors: Craig Michael , Greer Joanna
Published: February 2024

The fate of new memories depends partly on the cognitive state experienced immediately following encoding. Wakeful rest, relative to task engagement, benefits retention and this effect is typically explained through a consolidation account: rest is theorised to provide a state of minimal interference, which would otherwise disrupt consolidation. Yet, the determinants of consolidation interference, notably the contribution of attention, remain poorly characterised. Through a repeated measures design, we investigated attention load’s impact on consolidation. In three phases, participants encountered a set of nonwords and underwent immediate recognition testing, experienced a 5-min delay condition, and completed a delayed recognition test for the nonwords. This cycle repeated for each phase before proceeding to the next. Delay conditions comprised of wakeful rest and two sustained attention to response tasks (SART) that were of low (SART-fixed) and high (SART-random) attention load. Immediate memory was matched across conditions, but delayed recognition was poorer after completing the SART-fixed and SART-random conditions, relative to rest. There was no difference between the two SART conditions. These data provide insights into the factors that contribute to the success of consolidation and indicate that the attention load of a task does not determine the magnitude of consolidation interference and associated forgetting.
How the inner repetition of a desired perception changes actual tactile perception
Authors: Myga Kasia A. , Kuehn Esther , Azañón Elena
Published: February 2024

Autosuggestion is a cognitive process where the inner repetition of a thought actively influences one’s own perceptual state. In spite of its potential benefits for medical interventions, this technique has gained little scientific attention so far. Here, we took advantage of the known link between intensity and frequency perception in touch (‘Békésy effect’). In three separate experiments, participants were asked to modulate the perceived intensity of vibrotactile stimuli at the fingertip through the inner reiteration of the thought that this perception feels very strong (Experiment 1, n = 19) or very weak (Experiments 2, n = 38, and 3, n = 20), while they were asked to report the perceived frequency. We show that the task to change the perceived intensity of a tactile stimulus via the inner reiteration of a thought modulates tactile frequency perception. This constitutes the first experimental demonstration that an experimental design that triggers autosuggestion alters participants’ tactile perception using a response orthogonal to the suggested variable. We discuss whether this cognitive process could be used to influence the perception of pain in a clinical context.
An essential role for the RNA helicase DDX6 in NMDA receptor-dependent gene silencing and dendritic spine shrinkage
Authors: Perooli Fathima M. , Wilkinson Kevin A. , Pring Kate , Hanley Jonathan G.
Published: February 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) repress translation of target mRNAs by associating with Argonaute (Ago) proteins in the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to modulate protein expression. Specific miRNAs are required for NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent synaptic plasticity by repressing the translation of proteins involved in dendritic spine morphogenesis. Rapid NMDAR-dependent silencing of Limk1 is essential for spine shrinkage and requires Ago2 phosphorylation at S387. Not all gene silencing events are modulated by S387 phosphorylation, and the mechanisms that govern the selection of specific mRNAs for silencing downstream of S387 phosphorylation are unknown. Here, we show that NMDAR-dependent S387 phosphorylation causes a rapid and transient increase in the association of Ago2 with Limk1, but not Apt1 mRNA. The specific increase in Limk1 mRNA binding to Ago2 requires recruitment of the helicase DDX6 to RISC. Furthermore, we show that DDX6 is required for NMDAR-dependent silencing of Limk1 via miR-134, but not Apt1 via miR-138, and is essential for NMDAR-dependent spine shrinkage. This work defines a novel mechanism for the rapid transduction of NMDAR stimulation into miRNA-mediated translational repression of specific genes to control dendritic spine morphology.
Comparative transcriptomics of two Salvia subg. Perovskia species contribute towards molecular background of abietane-type diterpenoid biosynthesis
Authors: Bielecka Monika , Stafiniak Marta , Pencakowski Bartosz , Ślusarczyk Sylwester , Jastrzębski Jan Paweł , Paukszto Łukasz , Łaczmański Łukasz , Gharibi Shima , Matkowski Adam
Published: February 2024

Tanshinones, are a group of diterpenoid red pigments present in Danshen – an important herbal drug of Traditional Chinese Medicine which is a dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Some of the tanshinones are sought after as pharmacologically active natural products. To date, the biosynthetic pathway of tanshinones has been only partially elucidated. These compounds are also present in some of the other Salvia species, i.a. from subgenus Perovskia, such as S. abrotanoides (Kar.) Sytsma and S. yangii B.T. Drew. Despite of the close genetic relationship between these species, significant qualitative differences in their diterpenoid profile have been discovered. In this work, we have used the Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry analysis to follow the content of diterpenoids during the vegetation season, which confirmed our previous observations of a diverse diterpenoid profile. As metabolic differences are reflected in different transcript profile of a species or tissues, we used metabolomics-guided transcriptomic approach to select candidate genes, which expression possibly led to observed chemical differences. Using an RNA-sequencing technology we have sequenced and de novo assembled transcriptomes of leaves and roots of S. abrotanoides and S. yangii. As a result, 134,443 transcripts were annotated by UniProt and 56,693 of them were assigned as Viridiplantae. In order to seek for differences, the differential expression analysis was performed, which revealed that 463, 362, 922 and 835 genes indicated changes in expression in four comparisons. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG functional analysis of selected DEGs were performed. The homology and expression of two gene families, associated with downstream steps of tanshinone and carnosic acid biosynthesis were studied, namely: cytochromes P-450 and 2-oxoglutarate-dependend dioxygenases. Additionally, BLAST analysis revealed existence of 39 different transcripts related to abietane diterpenoid biosynthesis in transcriptomes of S. abrotanoides and S. yangii. We have used quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis of selected candidate genes, to follow their expression levels over the vegetative season. A hypothesis of an existence of a multifunctional CYP76AH89 in transcriptomes of S. abrotanoides and S. yangii is discussed and potential roles of other CYP450 homologs are speculated. By using the comparative transcriptomic approach, we have generated a dataset of candidate genes which provides a valuable resource for further elucidation of tanshinone biosynthesis. In a long run, our investigation may lead to optimization of diterpenoid profile in S. abrotanoides and S. yangii, which may become an alternative source of tanshinones for further research on their bioactivity and pharmacological therapy.
Exploring the triggers of premature and early menopause in India: a comprehensive analysis based on National Family Health Survey, 2019–2021
Authors: Kundu Sampurna , Acharya Sanghmitra Sheel
Published: February 2024

Due to ovarian insufficiency, some women attain menopause at an early age due to lifestyle factors and hormonal imbalances. Menopause occurring before the age of 40 is premature and between 40 and 44 years age is early, since the natural age of menopause lies between 45 and 50. The study estimated the prevalence of both premature and early menopause, and examined the potential associated factors that could trigger its occurrence in India. The National Family Health Survey, conducted during 2019–2021, was used to fulfil the study objective. The study sample was divided into two parts, with age group 15–39 and 40–44 for estimating premature and early menopause, respectively. Cox-proportional hazard model was used for the multivariate analysis. The estimated prevalence of premature menopause is 2.2% and early menopause is 16.2%. Lower educational level, poor economic condition, smoking, fried food consumption, early age at menarche are some of the significant explanatory factors. In India, both the proportion and the absolute number of post-menopausal women are growing, therefore it is critical to revamp public reproductive healthcare facilities to include menopausal health segment in women's health as well. Future detailed micro-studies would help in better understanding of the premature or early menopausal cases.
E3 ubiquitin ligase Herc3 deficiency leads to accumulation of subretinal microglia and retinal neurodegeneration
Authors: Zegeye Yeshumenesh , Aredo Bogale , Yuksel Seher , Kirman Dogan Can , Kumar Ashwani , Chen Bo , Turpin Emily , Shresta Sangita , He Yu-Guang , Gautron Laurent , Tang Miao , Li Xiaohong , DiCesare Sophia M. , Hulleman John D. , Xing Chao , Ludwig Sara , Moresco Eva Marie Y. , Beutler Bruce A. , Ufret-Vincenty Rafael L.
Published: February 2024

Activated microglia have been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, and other neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders, but our understanding of the mechanisms behind their activation is in infant stages. With the goal of identifying novel genes associated with microglial activation in the retina, we applied a semiquantitative fundus spot scoring scale to an unbiased, state-of-the-science mouse forward genetics pipeline. A mutation in the gene encoding the E3 ubiquitin ligase Herc3 led to prominent accumulation of fundus spots. CRISPR mutagenesis was used to generate Herc3-/- mice, which developed prominent accumulation of fundus spots and corresponding activated Iba1 + /CD16 + subretinal microglia, retinal thinning on OCT and histology, and functional deficits by Optomotory and electrophysiology. Bulk RNA sequencing identified activation of inflammatory pathways and differentially expressed genes involved in the modulation of microglial activation. Thus, despite the known expression of multiple E3 ubiquitin ligases in the retina, we identified a non-redundant role for Herc3 in retinal homeostasis. Our findings are significant given that a dysregulated ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is important in prevalent retinal diseases, in which activated microglia appear to play a role. This association between Herc3 deficiency, retinal microglial activation and retinal degeneration merits further study.
Evidence the Isc iron–sulfur cluster biogenesis machinery is the source of iron for [NiFe]-cofactor biosynthesis in Escherichia coli
Authors: Haase Alexander , Arlt Christian , Sinz Andrea , Sawers R. Gary
Published: February 2024

[NiFe]-hydrogenases have a bimetallic NiFe(CN)2CO cofactor in their large, catalytic subunit. The 136 Da Fe(CN)2CO group of this cofactor is preassembled on a distinct HypC–HypD scaffold complex, but the intracellular source of the iron ion is unresolved. Native mass spectrometric analysis of HypCD complexes defined the [4Fe–4S] cluster associated with HypD and identified + 26 to 28 Da and + 136 Da modifications specifically associated with HypC. A HypCC2A variant without the essential conserved N-terminal cysteine residue dissociated from its complex with native HypD lacked all modifications. Native HypC dissociated from HypCD complexes isolated from Escherichia coli strains deleted for the iscS or iscU genes, encoding core components of the Isc iron–sulfur cluster biogenesis machinery, specifically lacked the + 136 Da modification, but this was retained on HypC from suf mutants. The presence or absence of the + 136 Da modification on the HypCD complex correlated with the hydrogenase enzyme activity profiles of the respective mutant strains. Notably, the [4Fe–4S] cluster on HypD was identified in all HypCD complexes analyzed. These results suggest that the iron of the Fe(CN)2CO group on HypCD derives from the Isc machinery, while either the Isc or the Suf machinery can deliver the [4Fe–4S] cluster to HypD.
Seasonal forecasts of the world’s coastal waterline: what to expect from the coming El Niño?
Authors: Boucharel Julien , Almar Rafael , Dewitte Boris
Published: February 2024

The central-eastern tropical Pacific is currently significantly warmer than normal, and the likelihood of a strong El Niño developing by early 2024 is 75–85%, according to the National Weather Service’s Climate Prediction Center. Disruptions in ecosystem services and increased vulnerability, in particular in the coastal zones, are expected in many parts of the world. In this comment, we review the latest seasonal forecasts and showcase the potential for predicting the world’s coastlines based on data-driven modeling.
An empirical study of the influences of gustiness on vertical mixing at the air-sea boundary
Authors: Lyu Meng , Potter Henry , Ortiz-Suslow David G. , Wang Qing , Wang Xiaoqi
Published: February 2024

The exchange of momentum across the air-sea interface is a key driver of the earth system and its accurate parameterization is essential for precise weather and climate forecasting. However, our understanding of gustiness as an independent factor that can contribute to the momentum flux is limited. Using data collected from the R/P FLIP, as part of the Couple Air-Sea Processes and Electromagnetic ducting Research (CASPER) experiment, we explored the mechanisms by which gustiness contributes to the total interfacial momentum flux. We investigate how gustiness affects both the temporal and spatial (vertical) variance of turbulence in the atmospheric surface layer and show that high gustiness was associated with strong anisotropic turbulence at each measurement height. This was found to increase vertical wind fluctuations and inject additional momentum across the air-sea interface at lower wind speeds. Increased gustiness was also associated with the breakdown of the constant flux layer, which is generally assumed to exist over the ocean. This study has implications for both momentum flux parameterization and the use of similarity theory to model the flux-gradient relationship in the gusty atmospheric surface layer, thereby influencing the forecasting of climate and weather.
Three-dimensional correlative microscopy of the Drosophila female reproductive tract reveals modes of communication in seminal receptacle sperm storage
Authors: Zelinger Einat , Brumfeld Vlad , Rechav Katya , Waiger Daniel , Kossovsky Tally , Heifetz Yael
Published: February 2024

In many taxa, females store sperm in specialized storage organs. Most insect sperm storage organs have a tubular structure, typically consisting of a central lumen surrounded by epithelial cells. These specialized tubules perform the essential tasks of transporting sperm through the female reproductive tract and supporting long-term sperm survival and function. Little is known about the way in which female sperm storage organs provide an environment conducive to sperm survival. We address this using a combined light microscopy, micro computed tomography (microCT), and Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) approach for high-resolution correlative three-dimensional imaging to advance our understanding of sperm-female interactions in Drosophila melanogaster. Using this multimodal approach, we were able to scan the lower female reproductive tract and distal portion of the seminal receptacle at low magnification, and to subsequently zoom in for further analysis on an ultrastructural level. Our findings highlight aspects of the way in which the seminal receptacle keeps sperm viable in the lumen, and set the stage for further studies. The methods developed are suitable not only for Drosophila but also for other organisms with soft, delicate tissues.
Real-time simultaneous refractive index and thickness mapping of sub-cellular biology at the diffraction limit
Authors: Burguete-Lopez Arturo , Makarenko Maksim , Bonifazi Marcella , Menezes de Oliveira Barbara Nicoly , Getman Fedor , Tian Yi , Mazzone Valerio , Li Ning , Giammona Alessandro , Liberale Carlo , Fratalocchi Andrea
Published: February 2024

Mapping the cellular refractive index (RI) is a central task for research involving the composition of microorganisms and the development of models providing automated medical screenings with accuracy beyond 95%. These models require significantly enhancing the state-of-the-art RI mapping capabilities to provide large amounts of accurate RI data at high throughput. Here, we present a machine-learning-based technique that obtains a biological specimen’s real-time RI and thickness maps from a single image acquired with a conventional color camera. This technology leverages a suitably engineered nanostructured membrane that stretches a biological analyte over its surface and absorbs transmitted light, generating complex reflection spectra from each sample point. The technique does not need pre-existing sample knowledge. It achieves 10−4RI sensitivity and sub-nanometer thickness resolution on diffraction-limited spatial areas. We illustrate practical application by performing sub-cellular segmentation of HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells, obtaining complete three-dimensional reconstruction of the cellular regions with a characteristic length of 30μm. These results can facilitate the development of real-time label-free technologies for biomedical studies on microscopic multicellular dynamics.
Proglacial river sediments are a substantial sink of perfluoroalkyl substances released by glacial meltwater
Authors: Zhou Yunqiao , Wang Xiaoping , Chen Mengke , Fu Jianjie , Zhu Tingting , Wang Chuanfei , Gong Ping , Wang Lanxiang , Ren Jiao
Published: February 2024

How climate change will influence the accumulation of pollutants in remote mountainous lakes is poorly understood. Here we collected sediment cores from two glacial lakes (one is small and close to glacier, and the other is large and far from glacier) in the Third Pole and quantified deposition fluxes of perfluoroalkyl substances. The trends of perfluoroalkyl substances fluxes broadly correspond with their historical emissions and phase-out. Besides of emission, glacial meltwater strongly impacts the accumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances in the small lake, while precipitation exhibits great impact on that of the big lake. We then modified the Quantitative Water Air Sediment Interaction model to explore how perfluoroalkyl substances transport along proglacial rivers before entering the big lake and found that river sediments intercept ~13% of perfluoroalkyl substances from glacial meltwater. With climate warming and increased glacial meltwater, proglacial river sediments will play an important role in retaining perfluoroalkyl substances.
Cellular heterogeneity of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte grafts is mechanistically linked to treatable arrhythmias
Authors: Selvakumar Dinesh , Clayton Zoe E. , Prowse Andrew , Dingwall Steve , Kim Sul Ki , Reyes Leila , George Jacob , Shah Haisam , Chen Siqi , Leung Halina H. L. , Hume Robert D. , Tjahjadi Laurentius , Igoor Sindhu , Skelton Rhys J. P. , Hing Alfred , Paterson Hugh , Foster Sheryl L. , Pearson Lachlan , Wilkie Emma , Marcus Alan D. , Jeyaprakash Prajith , Wu Zhixuan , Chiu Han Shen , Ongtengco Cherica Felize J. , Mulay Onkar , McArthur Jeffrey R. , Barry Tony , Lu Juntang , Tran Vu , Bennett Richard , Kotake Yasuhito , Campbell Timothy , Turnbull Samual , Gupta Anunay , Nguyen Quan , Ni Guiyan , Grieve Stuart M. , Palpant Nathan J. , Pathan Faraz , Kizana Eddy , Kumar Saurabh , Gray Peter P. , Chong James J. H.
Published: February 2024

Preclinical data have confirmed that human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) can remuscularize the injured or diseased heart, with several clinical trials now in planning or recruitment stages. However, because ventricular arrhythmias represent a complication following engraftment of intramyocardially injected PSC-CMs, it is necessary to provide treatment strategies to control or prevent engraftment arrhythmias (EAs). Here, we show in a porcine model of myocardial infarction and PSC-CM transplantation that EAs are mechanistically linked to cellular heterogeneity in the input PSC-CM and resultant graft. Specifically, we identify atrial and pacemaker-like cardiomyocytes as culprit arrhythmogenic subpopulations. Two unique surface marker signatures, signal regulatory protein α (SIRPA)+CD90−CD200+ and SIRPA+CD90−CD200−, identify arrhythmogenic and non-arrhythmogenic cardiomyocytes, respectively. Our data suggest that modifications to current PSC-CM-production and/or PSC-CM-selection protocols could potentially prevent EAs. We further show that pharmacologic and interventional anti-arrhythmic strategies can control and potentially abolish these arrhythmias.
Association between continuity of care and attendance of post-discharge follow-up after psychiatric emergency presentation
Authors: Wong Ben Hoi-Ching , Chu Petrina , Calaminus Paul , Lavelle Cathy , Refaat Rafik , Ougrin Dennis
Published: February 2024

The number of accident and emergency (A&E) hospital attendances by young people aged 18 or under with a recorded diagnosis of a psychiatric condition more than tripled between 2010 and 2022. After discharge from the hospital, attendance at follow-up appointments in the community is critical to ensure the safety of young people and optimise the use of clinical resources. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the association between follow-up attendance and the continuity of clinicians and clinical teams, using electronic clinical record data from East London NHS Foundation Trust (ELFT), between April 2019 and March 2022. Multi-level mixed effects logistic regression was performed to model the follow-up attendance odds based on whether the same or different clinician and clinical team offered the initial A&E and the community follow-up appointment or whether a crisis team was involved. 3134 A&E presentations by 2368 young people were identified within the study period. Following these presentations, 2091 follow-up appointments in the community were offered. The attendance rate increased by more than three times if the follow-up appointment was offered by the same clinician who saw the young person in A&E (odds ratio (OR) = 3.66; 95% CI 1.65–8.13). Whether the same clinical team provided the community follow-up appointment, or whether a crisis team was involved before discharge made no difference to the likelihood of follow-up attendance. The findings support the importance of the continuity of clinicians in the care of young people in crisis.
Screening for iron deficiency among pregnant women
Authors: AlQurashi Wejdan S. , Abdulgader Reham A. , Gari Rawan A. , Badawi Maha A.
Published: February 2024

Iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are extremely common in females in Saudi Arabia and are highly prevalent in pregnancy. The Saudi MOH Mother Health Passport recommends that pregnant women undergo testing for complete blood count and ferritin in every trimester. The purpose of this study was to describe practices of screening pregnant women for ID or IDA during pregnancy and to identify the prevalence of anemia and IDA. The inclusion criteria were all patients who had at least 2 antenatal visits in the same center and 336 women were included. It was noted that 591 (51.5%) hemoglobin tests were performed during pregnancy, a 50% gap in comparison with MOH recommendations of measuring Hb in every trimester. The overall prevalence of anemia was 28.6%, 12.2% in the first trimester, 37.2% in the second trimester, and 36.3% in the third trimester. Ferritin was measured in less than 5% of patients, and most women had ferritin levels below 15 ng/ml. Screening practices for IDA and ID among pregnant women are suboptimal, and the prevalence of both entities is substantial. The development of detailed national guidelines for screening and managing ID and IDA in pregnancy is recommended.
Polydopamine-based plasmonic nanocomposites: rational designs and applications
Authors: Wang Shengyan , Cui Yiou , Dalani Tarun , Sit King Yin , Zhuo Xiaolu , Choi Chun Kit
Published: February 2024

This Highlight review features five classical types of PDA-based plasmonic nanocomposites, and systematically elucidates their fabrication strategies, design principles, plasmonic properties, and representative applications.
Stapling of leu-enkephalin analogs with bifunctional reagents for prolonged analgesic activity
Authors: Kijewska Monika , Wołczański Grzegorz , Kosson Piotr , Wieczorek Robert , Lisowski Marek , Stefanowicz Piotr
Published: February 2024

The design and synthesis of leu-enkephalin analogs by replacing the glycine residues with N-(2-thioethyl)glycines and opening the cyclisation potential is presented.
The role of the oxime group in the excited state deactivation processes of indirubin
Authors: Nobre Danîela C. , Delgado-Pinar Estefanía , Cunha Carla , Sérgio Seixas de Melo J.
Published: February 2024

The impact of adding an oxime group to indirubin (INR) derivatives (INROx, MINROx, 6-BrINROx) on their spectral and photophysical properties was explored using fast-transient absorption and emission (fs-TA/fs-UC) and steady-state fluorescence techniques.
Ionic fragmentation products of benzonitrile as important intermediates in the growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Rap Daniël B. , Schrauwen Johanna G. M. , Redlich Britta , Brünken Sandra
Published: February 2024

In various astronomical environments, an interplay of bottom-up growth and top-down destruction processes takes place. To unravel this, ionic fragments of benzonitrile are used as reactants for low-temperature ion-molecule reactions with acetylene.
Renovating the surface matrix of FAPbl3 perovskite quantum dots via phase-transfer catalysis for 16.29% efficiency solar cells
Authors: Zhang Mingxu , Gao Qiyuan , Mei Xinyi , Qiu Junming , Zhuang Rongshan , Hua Yong , Sun Zhimei , Zhang Xiaoliang
Published: February 2024

A feasible surface matrix renovation strategy is reported, which could not only substantially eliminate surface vacancies but also predominantly ameliorate the stacking orientation of perovskite quantum dots.
Double-sided engineering for space-confined reversible Zn anodes
Authors: Gao Yong , Yang Nute , Bu Fan , Cao Qinghe , Pu Jie , Wang Yuxuan , Meng Ting , Chen Jipeng , Zhao Wenbo , Guan Cao
Published: February 2024

Zn anodes with double-sided engineering are rationally designed and facilely constructed, which generates a space-confined reversible Zn deposition behavior, thus enabling stable Zn anode working at high depth of discharge with high energy density.
Preparation of UV-responsive hydrogels based on nanocellulose and their utilization in fungicide delivery
Authors: You Chaoqun , Ji Xinyue , Lin Hanchen , Ma Ning , Wei Wei , Long Lingfeng , Ning Like , Wang Fei
Published: February 2024

A stimuli-responsive hydrogel for fungicide delivery based on UV-sensitive molecular (AZO)-conjunct CNCs is successfully prepared.
Removal mechanisms of illicit and psychoactive drugs in different wastewater treatment processes
Authors: Restrepo-Vieira Luis , Linge Kathryn L. , Busetti Francesco , Joll Cynthia A.
Published: February 2024

For illicit and psychoactive drugs which remain in the water phase, better removal was linked to improved biodegradation conditions.
Combining a daily temperature pattern analysis and a heat-pulse system to estimate sediment depths in sewer systems
Authors: Regueiro-Picallo Manuel , Langeveld Jeroen , Wei Haoyu , Bertrand-Krajewski Jean-Luc , Rieckermann Jörg
Published: February 2024

Sediment depth estimations in sewer systems based on the monitoring of temperatures, thermal properties, and the analysis of heat transfer processes. Surrogate model development, laboratory validation and uncertainty analysis.
Cationic and oxygen defect modulation for tailoring the bandgap and room temperature ferromagnetism of CuO via multiple d-block cations
Authors: Islam Md Shafayatul , Chowdhury Koushik Roy , Hoque Sheikh Manjura , Sharif Ahmed
Published: February 2024

The potential of oxide-based dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) for use in spintronics and magneto-optic devices has garnered a lot of attention over the years.
An “all-in-one” treatment and imaging nanoplatform for breast cancer with photothermal nanoparticles
Authors: Fu Yuping , Zhang Hongmei , Ye Jiahui , Chen Changrong , Yang Yaxuan , Wu Baojuan , Yin Xi , Shi Jiajun , Zhu Yun , Zhao Cheng , Zhang Weijie
Published: February 2024

This nanoplatform achieved a combination of magnetically guided photothermal and chemotherapy, providing an opportunity for imaging and tracking therapeutic efficacy.
Nano-particle motion in a monolithic silica column using the single-particle tracking method
Authors: Abe Yusaku , Tomioka Naoki , Matsuda Yu
Published: February 2024

We investigated nano-particle motion in a porous material using the single-particle tracking method. The displacement probability distribution deviated from the Gaussian distribution due to the absorption and/or desorption of the particles.
Influence of arylalkyl amines on the formation of hybrid CsPbBr3 nanocrystals via a modified LARP method
Authors: Ruby Ernest , Levy-Falk Hugo , Trippé-Allard Gaëlle , Fossard Frédéric , Vallet Maxime , Guiblin Nicolas , Lauret Jean-Sébastien , Deleporte Emmanuelle , Mayer Cédric R.
Published: February 2024

Perovskite nanocrystals have attracted much attention in the last ten years, in this full paper we describe the synthesis and the mechanism of formation of highly calibrated functionalized perovskite nanocrystals by the modified LARP-method.
Orange to red iridium(iii) complexes possessing good electron mobility with a pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid ligand for high-performance solution-processed OLEDs with an EQE over 31%
Authors: Han Tao , Zhang Yan , Zhang Xin-yu , Tong Yu-qiao , Teng Ming-yu , Shi Chong-yang , Ye Long-wu , Chen Zhao , Sun Shuo-qi , Lu Guangzhao
Published: February 2024

Three rigid pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid ligand-based iridium(iii) complexes are developed with good electron mobility and the highest solution-processed device efficiency.
A convergent paired electrochemical strategy for decarboxylative C(sp2)–C(sp3) bond formation
Authors: Li Lingjiao , Li Zijian , Sun Wenxuan , Li Chao
Published: February 2024

In this report, we describe a convergent paired electrochemical decarboxylative C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross-coupling reaction that employs readily available alkyl carboxylic acids and C(sp2)–iodides as direct coupling partners.
Antimicrobial sesquiterpenes from the cultured mycobiont Diorygma pruinosum against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Vietnamese street foods
Authors: Le Thi-Kim-Dung , Duong Thuc-Huy , Nguyen Huy Truong , Pham Nguyen-Kim-Tuyen , Vo Thi-Phi-Giao , Nguyen Ngoc-Hong , Niamnont Nakorn , Sichaem Jirapast , Tran Thi-Minh-Dinh
Published: February 2024

Traditionally, lichen has been used for many purposes, but there remains a lack of understanding regarding the chemical composition and antimicrobial characteristics of Diorygma pruinosum, a lichen native to Vietnam.
A DFT study of bandgap tuning in chloro-fluoro silicene
Authors: Khan Uzair , Saeed M. Usman , Elansary Hosam O. , Moussa Ihab Mohamed , Bacha Aziz-Ur-Rahim , Saeed Y.
Published: February 2024

The structural, electronic and optical properties of silicene and its derivatives are investigated in the present work by employing density functional theory.
Rhodium-catalyzed annulation of hydrazines with vinylene carbonate to synthesize unsubstituted 1-aminoindole derivatives
Authors: Chen Yichun , Lu Ziqi , He Wenfen , Zhu Huanyi , Lu Weilong , Shi Junjun , Sheng Jie , Xie Wucheng
Published: February 2024

The step-economical synthesis of C2, C3-unsubstituted 1-aminoindole derivatives through rhodium-catalyzed annulation of hydrazines with vinylene carbonate.
Tailoring lignin nanoparticle properties: the effects of pH and salt on shape and antioxidant capacity
Authors: Obrzut Natalia , Hickmott Rob , Gray Kimberly
Published: February 2024

Salt and pH can be used to modify the shape of lignin nanoparticles. The shape influences the antioxidant capacity.
Emerging electrochemical humidity sensors for zero power consumption and self-powered humidity detection: a perspective
Authors: Duan Zaihua , Zhang Mingxiang , Jiang Yadong , Yuan Zhen , Tai Huiling
Published: February 2024

This perspective summarizes recent advances in electrochemical humidity sensors and mainly focuses on three aspects: working principles; humidity sensing and power generation performances; self-powered humidity detection system.
A highly sensitive self-powered photodetector based on pinhole-free PEA0.2FA0.8SnI3 films with aminopyrimidine
Authors: Liu Meiyue , Li Yuanchuang , Yao Xiang , Li Shengjun , Yip Hin-Lap
Published: February 2024

The PEA0.2FA0.8SnI3-based photodetector with addition of 2-aminopyrimidine exhibited a high responsivity (0.4 A W−1) and detectivity (1.16 × 1012 Jones), while also ensuring excellent operation stability and repeatability after 104 on/off cycles.
Design of grid-like triple-carbon matrix confined ultrafine CoTe2 nanocrystals toward durable and fast potassium storage
Authors: Huang Zhijiao , Xiong Shiyun , Zhang Wei , Wang Gaoyu , Wang Lixiang , Peng Jian , Li Qinghua , Liang Zhixin , Cheng Yajuan , Huang Shaoming
Published: February 2024

Nitrogen-doped carbon grid-confined CoTe2 was synthesized through precise structural design. Benefiting from the effects of nitrogen anchoring and triple-carbon confinement, the CoTe2@T-NC electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance.
Computational discovery of superior vanadium-niobate-based cathode materials for next-generation all-solid-state lithium-ion battery applications
Authors: Chakraborty Tanmoy , Monserrat Bartomeu , Tănase Alexandru , Walton Richard I. , Karasulu Bora
Published: February 2024

A high-throughput computational workflow based on first-principles density functional theory calculations is developed for the discovery of novel cathode materials for next-generation all-solid-state lithium-ion battery applications.
Synergistically optimizing electrocaloric effect over a wider temperature span utilizing structural overlap zone
Authors: Xie Meng , Bao Yizheng , Yang Fan , Nie Hengchang , Yin Ruowei , Li Junjie , Bai Yang , Wang Genshui
Published: February 2024

An overlap zone based on tetragonal, rhombohedral or pseudo-cubic states around a morphotropic phase boundary is designed through composition engineering to optimize EC response (∼1.58 K) and temperature stability under a wider temperature window (∼100 °C).
MXene hybrid nanocomposites enable high performance memory devices and artificial synapse applications
Authors: Wang Cui , Li Nuoya , Zeng Hang , Chen Li , Wu Di , Xia Jianlong
Published: February 2024

We report the poly(3-trifluoromethylstyrene) (PTF)-Ti3C2Tx MXene hybrid nanocomposites (referred to as MXP) as the floating gate in an OFET memory device with abundant storage sites, and the synaptic behavior was successfully emulated by this device.
Efficient additive-free FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells achieved by promoting homogeneity
Authors: Feng Fanxiu , Guan Yan , Liu Fangzhou , Wu Cuncun , Su Huhu , Wang Biao , Zhang Xian , Liang Yuchao , Cai Shaogeng , Zhang Yangyang , Xiao Lixin , Zheng Shijian
Published: February 2024

A compositionally pure FAPbI3 perovskite absorber is achieved by regulating the pumping conditions of a low-pressure assisted synthesis approach, showing the pivotal role of homogeneity control in the enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability.
Phosphorus poisoning and regeneration of the Cu-LTA catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3
Authors: Hu Xueyang , Lin Jinhan , Tan Xuechao , Li Yingjie , Liu Xiaofeng , Zhang Yan , Shan Wenpo
Published: February 2024

In this study, the phosphorus poisoning and regeneration of the Cu-LTA catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR) were investigated.
Access to enantioenriched dihydroquinoxalinones via Cu-catalyzed propargylic substitution
Authors: Zhang Yuxi , Shu Xiao , Guo Wusheng
Published: February 2024

A Cu-catalyzed straightforward approach for the synthesis of otherwise synthetically challenging enantioenriched dihydroquinoxalinones from propargylic esters and commercially readily available o-phenylenediamines is developed.
Gouvernance des mécanismes fonctionnels d’une innovation agroécologique : cas de la production de biopesticides au Cameroun
Authors: Soulé Adam Nawalyath
Published: February 2024

La production de biopesticides pour l’agriculture est une innovation agroécologique qui répond à la nécessité de réduire, d’une part, les externalités négatives de l’utilisation des pesticides chimiques sur la santé et l’environnement, et d’autre part, la dépendance aux aléas du commerce international, surtout dans les pays en développement. Dans ce contexte, elle dépend des objectifs des politiques de développement agricole et des normes internationales qui influencent ces pays. Le développement de la production de biopesticides est ainsi lié à la gouvernance de son processus dans le contexte où elle s’implémente. Nous posons la question de la gouvernance des mécanismes de développement du processus de production des biopesticides au Cameroun. Les données proviennent d’entretiens semi-directifs et de sources secondaires. Nous mobilisons l’Innovation History pour retracer l’historique du processus et l’Event History Analysis pour identifier les fonctions et les boucles fonctionnelles en présence au cours des différentes phases. Nos résultats montrent que la production de biopesticides se structure en trois phases, caractérisées par des boucles fonctionnelles différentes de celles de la littérature. Nous enrichissons ainsi la littérature sur l’analyse fonctionnelle. Nous suggérons aux politiques d’activer les fonctions de réseautage et de conception de normes pour accélérer le processus.
Ongoing Waste Issue Towards the Development of Photovoltaic Module Recycling Regulations
Authors: Birtürk Aslı , Çeliktaş Melih Soner
Published: February 2024

In this paper, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, that play an essential role in reducing fossil energy resources, are considered from a sustainability perspective. Solar PV systems, accounting for a significant capacity share among renewable energy sources, will have environmental and economic repercussions in the future. Despite photovoltaic (PV) modules contributing to the production of renewable energy for an average of 25 to 30 years, they pose a threat to the global environment. Policies should support the significance of initiatives. This will ensure that PV manufacturers, users, governments, and R&D researchers assume responsibility for PV module waste, which is expected to be encountered more frequently and rapidly in the near future. Prioritizing global awareness and policy development in the field of solar PV recycling will inspire future work. Furthermore, the prospect of other solar PV technologies consolidating their market position in the future will necessitate a solar PV recycling industry. This industry should encompass all developing PV technologies.
Harnessing Hydroelectric Energy from Water Irrigation Pumps: A Sustainable Lighting Solution for Agricultural Fields and Fishponds
Authors: Teodoro Christine Ann
Published: February 2024

This study examines the potential for repurposing water irrigation pumps as a sustainable energy source to generate electricity for the electrification and illuminating of agricultural fields and fishponds. Irrigation pumps are critical for maintaining sufficient water supply for farming operations, particularly during vital activities like harvesting. Conversely, the absence of a reliable nighttime lighting source exhibits challenges for farmers who often resort to flashlights/emergency lights. This research’s objective is to design a water wheel that can be tapped to an adapted water irrigation pump system assembly that can efficiently produce electricity, safeguarding safety and requiring minimal maintenance for farmers. This offers reliable and cost-effective source of electricity, reducing the need for external lighting devices and reducing operational costs for farmers. The research design adopts an experimental approach, evaluating the performance of the modified water irrigation pump system. Data collection includes measuring electricity output, electrical load assessment, and gathering user feedback through interviews and surveys. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the system's effectiveness and practical significance. Overall, the research seeks to contribute to the sustainable development of rural communities by offering a viable solution to farmers' lighting needs and promoting the adoption of renewable energy practices in agricultural settings.