bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les Boukoloi ou le monde instable
Authors: Kasprzyk Dimitri
Published: March 2020

Dans les Éthiopiques d’Héliodore, les bouviers constituent un groupe à l’identité instable, une caractéristique qui déteint à la fois sur les personnages en contact avec eux et sur la narration qui les met en scène. Les contours géographiques sont flous, la narration perd de vue certains personnages au cours de leur séjour dans le Pays des Bouviers, et le statut même des personnages qui partagent leur existence est remis en cause sur le plan social et moral. C’est que le statut de bouvier est à la fois subi et accepté, et les ellipses narratives reflètent l’ambiguïté du parcours de certains personnages que le romancier ne laisse qu’entrevoir.
The Violence of boukolēsis in the Literature of Roman Greece
Authors: Whitmarsh Tim
Published: March 2020

The boukolos or ‘cowherd’ is a familiar feature on the landscape of Roman Greek imaginative literature, but whereas in earlier texts he is a fundamentally benign figure, in imperial culture he usually plays an aggressive, threatening role, particularly in erotic discourse. In this article I aim first to substantiate that claim and second to propose some explanations for the shift.
La bataille du sucre ou la défaite méconnue de Napoléon Ier
Authors: Laloux Ludovic
Published: March 2020

Souvent présenté comme le promoteur du sucre de betterave dans le cadre du blocus britannique de 1806, Napoléon joue en réalité, à cet égard, dans le registre de la communication politique. En fait, le soutien originel à cette production réside dans l’appui des rois de Prusse au xviiie siècle. À l’aube du xixe siècle, plusieurs hommes parviennent à en produire en France, en particulier à Lille, mais le pouvoir impérial les méconnaît. Bien tardivement, en mars 1811, l’Empereur s’intéresse à cette production jusque-là négligée par les autorités politiques françaises. Il charge Montalivet, ministre de l’Intérieur, de diriger une véritable campagne saccharifère mais le résultat s’avère un échec, hormis dans le Bas-Rhin, la Meurthe, le Nord et autour de Paris. Chaptal remplace Montalivet dans cette mission l’année suivante mais sans guère plus de réussite. En 1813, précédant de quelques mois la chute de l’Empire liée aux revers militaires, la production de sucre de betterave disparaît pratiquement du pays.
Le pain de munition, « nerf de la guerre » des armées françaises en guerre (1588-1814)
Authors: Marquis Hugues
Published: March 2020

Base de l’alimentation du soldat, le « pain de munition » évolue dans sa composition en fonction de critères de nutrition, de conservation, de disponibilité de la matière première. De fait, il nécessite un savoir-faire technique répondant aux exigences de qualité et de quantité, pour la production et le conditionnement. Aux xviie et xviiie siècles, la question du ravitaillement en pain des armées en campagne fait l’objet d’une multitude de textes réglementaires et aussi d’ouvrages savants qui tentent de répondre à ces exigences.
L’homme-machine, une esthétique de la modernité ou de son aversion
Authors: Le Bot Florent
Published: March 2020

Dans ce dossier, nous interrogeons le théâtre et l’iconographie (avec un détour par la littérature) dans l’entre-deux-guerres, pour prendre la mesure des enjeux traversant les différentes représentations de l’Homme confronté à la machine. Cristina Trinchero dans « Machines théâtrales et hommes-machine sur les planches » compare le théâtre futuriste au théâtre de l’existence de Jean-Victor Pellerin. La crise de modernité, qui nourrit ces textes et s’en alimente, trouve également écho dans une certaine iconographie de l’époque, véritable allégorie sociale. Max Bonhomme analyse les images de presse des années 1930 au prisme des discours idéologiques, politiques et sociologisant d’un certain nombre d’essais et de pamphlets contemporains. Les deux articles permettent de croiser des débats qui, au-delà du machinisme, touchent à l’organisation du travail, à l’ordre social, économique et politique, et à la représentation de la vie en société.
Des armes, du sport, des hommes… et des femmes
Authors: Froidevaux Solène
Published: March 2020

La pratique sportive du tir avec armes à feu et à l’arc, majoritairement investie par les hommes, demande des techniques et des postures corporelles socialement associées à la masculinité : prendre de l’espace, avoir de l’assurance dans ces gestes, et surtout manipuler des armes. Cet article s’intéresse, à partir d’une recherche ethnographique, à la manière dont les femmes et les hommes s’intègrent dans ce milieu sportif et en quoi la matérialité environnante marque leur expérience corporelle et l’acquisition de techniques particulières. Si une répartition genrée des armes est visible, basée sur des croyances différenciées de ce qu’un corps d’homme et de femme est capable de faire, l’étude du tir montre également que des éléments contextuels peuvent contribuer à déstabiliser les représentations sociales genrées et permettre aux femmes de manipuler des objets et des techniques, qui leur étaient rendus socialement inaccessibles.
Mauss et Sigaut
Authors: Knittel Fabien , Raggi Pascal
Published: March 2020

Les liens entre genre et techniques ont suscité des questionnements concernant les rapports entre les femmes et les techniques. Les problématiques du genre invitent à dépasser cette histoire centrée sur un seul sexe et à poser des questions relatives à la co-construction du masculin et du féminin. Ces réflexions, à la croisée du genre et des techniques, méritent d’être approfondies. Dans cette perspective, nous avons fait le choix de réfléchir à l’apport des travaux de spécialistes des techniques, Marcel Mauss (1872-1950) et François Sigaut (1940-2012), même si ces deux auteurs n’ont pas écrit directement sur le genre ni utilisé le concept de genre, pour essayer de comprendre les interrelations entre genre et techniques. Nous pensons que leurs œuvres, relues à la lumière des auteur.es spécialistes des gender studies, aident à saisir la complexité des rapports entre genre et techniques. Mais pour cela il est nécessaire de faire « un pas de côté » théorique. Les réflexions de Mauss et de Sigaut deviennent alors des « boîtes à outils » pour l’étude des liens entre genre et techniques et l’on peut considérer que ces deux auteurs ont contribué à un redimensionnement de l’histoire des techniques pouvant inclure pleinement l’histoire du genre (et réciproquement), notamment en dépassant une séparation trop stricte entre l’étude de la conception et celle de l’usage des techniques.
Transformer les vagues en énergie : utopie ou réalité ?
Authors: Roche Sylvain , Clément Alain H. , Babarit Aurélien , Bouneau Christophe
Published: March 2020

Cet article s’intéresse à la trajectoire contrariée de l’énergie des vagues. S’inscrivant dans une démarche forecasting volontairement transdisciplinaire à la croisée des sciences sociales et des sciences de l’ingénieur, notre propos vise à questionner la situation présente (insight) de cette énergie en replaçant les enjeux à travers le prisme rétrospectif (hindsight) et prospectif (foresight). Comment expliquer la difficulté du houlomoteur à se déployer industriellement alors que la recherche scientifique est foisonnante depuis le xixe siècle ?
Les forêts et les montagnes vaudoises
Authors: Vanetti Alice
Published: March 2020

L’incultum vaudois, soit ses régions non cultivées, a toujours été considéré comme marginal, lié à une économie pastorale et présentant des productions artisanales ponctuelles. La découverte de vestiges liés à une exploitation importante du territoire en vue de la production de produits comme fer, bois et surtout chaux, remet en question cette définition. À travers une approche pluridisciplinaire, nous nous proposons de rouvrir le débat sur le rôle de ces territoires marginaux au niveau du Canton et des communautés locales.
Le plan en relief du canal de Suez de Charles Muret (1878, actualisé en 1900)
Authors: Warmoes Isabelle
Published: March 2020

Le plan-relief du canal de Suez, entré dans les collections du musée des Plans-Reliefs en 1910, a été réalisé par Charles Muret à la demande de la Compagnie universelle du canal maritime de Suez pour l’Exposition universelle de Paris de 1878, puis largement actualisé pour celle de 1900. Destiné à rendre compte de l’importance et de l’évolution des aménagements réalisés depuis l’ouverture de cette voie commerciale, il constitue un précieux témoignage de l’état du canal de Suez, des villes nouvelles et des équipements aménagés à ses abords à la fin du xixe siècle.
La tentazione del moderno. Gesualdo Bufalino e il romanzo europeo del primo Novecento
Authors: Carmina Claudia
Published: March 2020

La scrittura di Gesualdo Bufalino dialoga con i grandi modelli della narrativa primonovecentesca europea (Proust su tutti). Una rete di riprese, allusioni e microcitazioni, tratte dai grandi romanzi di Mann, Kafka, Proust, Musil, Joyce, Woolf, è disseminata tra le pagine di Diceria dell’untore, che nasce come un ‘gioco serio’ di ricombinazione di materiali testuali precedenti, rielaborati in una nuova architettura di senso. Come nelle prove maggiori del modernismo europeo, anche nei libri successivi di Bufalino il privilegio assegnato all’io convive con una trama che, per quanto svalutata, conserva una sua tenuta, dove le esperienze interiori dei personaggi contano più dei fatti oggettivi. Persiste un’urgenza di verità e di significato. Poco importa se questa verità è mobile, relativa e sempre rinegoziabile: una zigzagante scommessa sul senso del vivere e dello scrivere è sempre rilanciata, pagina dopo pagina. L’assillo esistenziale si traduce in un assillo metaletterario che recupera la lezione, i modi e la struttura del romanzo modernista.
Le parc urbain des papillons : un dispositif collaboratif de recherche, formation et diffusion des connaissances sur la biodiversité urbaine
Authors: Deschamps-Cottin Magali , Vila Bruno , Robles Christine
Published: March 2020

Dans les zones urbaines du monde entier, les scientifiques ont observé l’homogénéisation de la biodiversité. De plus, l’urbanisation et les modes de vie modernes ont considérablement réduit les connaissances et les interactions de l’homme avec la nature. Ces deux phénomènes ont de graves conséquences pour la conservation de la biodiversité. Dans cet article, nous présentons la conception et la mise en œuvre, par un large éventail d’acteurs, d’un dispositif expérimental de recherche et de sensibilisation sur la biodiversité urbaine, le Parc Urbain des Papillons (PUP). L’élaboration collaborative de ce dispositif associe, d’une part, la recherche expérimentale pour repenser les pratiques de gestion des parcs urbains afin de favoriser le maintien voire la reconquête de la biodiversité dans les espaces urbains et, d’autre part, la formation participative, la médiation et les échanges avec un public diversifié (gestionnaires de l’environnement, étudiants, scolaires et grand public). L’intérêt de ce dispositif réside dans l’aspect collaboratif, permettant un enrichissement par échanges d’expériences entre les différents acteurs et les publics. Pour conclure, le PUP offre de nombreuses opportunités de partager et d’échanger différemment dans le domaine des sciences du vivant et de développer des programmes d’apprentissage, de formation et de sensibilisation largement négligés en milieu urbain.
Identification of Physical Helicopter Models Using Subspace Identification
Authors: Avcıoğlu Sevil , Kutay Ali Türker , Leblebicioğlu Kemal
Published: March 2020

Subspace identification is a powerful tool due to its well-understood techniques based on linear algebra (orthogonal projections and intersections of subspaces) and numerical methods like singular value decomposition. However, the state space model matrices, which are obtained from
conventional subspace identification algorithms, are not necessarily associated with the physical states. This can be an important deficiency when physical parameter estimation is essential. This holds for the area of helicopter flight dynamics, where physical parameter estimation is mainly
conducted for mathematical model improvement, aerodynamic parameter validation, and flight controller tuning. The main objective of this study is to obtain helicopter physical parameters from subspace identification results. To achieve this objective, the subspace identification algorithm
is implemented for a multirole combat helicopter using both FLIGHTLAB simulation and real flight-test data. After obtaining state space matrices via subspace identification, constrained nonlinear optimization methodologies are utilized for extracting the physical parameters. The state space
matrices are transformed into equivalent physical forms via the "sequential quadratic programming" nonlinear optimization algorithm. The required objective function is generated by summing the square of similarity transformation equations. The constraints are selected with physical insight.
Many runs are conducted for randomly selected initial conditions. It can be concluded that all of the significant parameters can be obtained with a high level of accuracy for the data obtained from the linear model. This strongly supports the idea behind this study. Results for the data obtained
from the nonlinear model are also evaluated to be satisfactory in the light of statistical error analysis. Results for the real flight-test data are also evaluated to be good for the helicopter modes that are properly excited in the flight tests.
Quasihyperbolic geodesics are hyperbolic quasi-geodesics
Authors: Buckley Stephen M. , Herron David A.
Published: March 2020

This is a tale describing the large scale geometry of Euclidean plane domains with their hyperbolic or quasihyperbolic distances. We prove that in any hyperbolic plane domain, hyperbolic and quasihyperbolic quasi-geodesics are quantitatively the same curves. We also demonstrate the simultaneous Gromov hyperbolicity of such domains with their hyperbolic or quasihyperbolic distances.
Kinetic and mechanistic study of the reaction between methane sulfonamide (CH3S(O)2NH2) and OH
Authors: Berasategui Matias , Amedro Damien , Edtbauer Achim , Williams Jonathan , Lelieveld Jos , Crowley John N.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Methane sulfonamide (MSAM), CH3S(O)2NH2, was recently detected for the first time in ambient air over the Red Sea and the Gulf of
Aden where peak mixing ratios of ≈60 pptv were recorded. Prior to this study the rate constant for its reaction with the OH
radical and the products thereby formed were unknown, precluding assessment of its role in the atmosphere. We have studied the OH-initiated
photo-oxidation of MSAM in air (298 K, 700 Torr total pressure) in a photochemical reactor using in situ detection of MSAM and its
products by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopy. The relative rate technique, using three different reference compounds, was used to derive a rate
coefficient of (1.4±0.3)×10-13cm3molec.-1s-1. The main end products of the photo-oxidation observed by FTIR
were CO2, CO, SO2, and HNO3 with molar yields of (0.73±0.11), (0.28±0.04), (0.96±0.15), and
(0.62±0.09), respectively. N2O and HC(O)OH were also observed in smaller yields of (0.09±0.02) and (0.03±0.01). Both the low
rate coefficient and the products formed are consistent with hydrogen abstraction from the −CH3 group as the dominant initial
step. Based on our results MSAM has an atmospheric lifetime with respect to loss by reaction with OH of about 80 d.
Source apportionment of atmospheric mercury in the remote marine atmosphere: Mace Head GAW station, Irish west coast
Authors: Custodio Danilo , Ebinghaus Ralf , Spain T. Gerard , Bieser Johannes
Published: March 2020

Abstract. We examined recent atmospheric mercury concentrations measured with a high temporal resolution of 15 min. at Mace Head, a GAW station on the west coast of Ireland. We attributed a direct contribution of 34 % (0.44 ng m−3) to primary sources. Additionally, a steep decline (0.05 ng year−1) in mercury concentrations was observed between 2013 and 2018. Using a stereo algorithm we reconstructed 99.9 % of the atmospheric mercury. A conservative analysis demonstrated no decreasing of TGM associated with atmospheric species typically used as tracers for oceanic emissions. The results show that the atmospheric mercury mass is mainly loaded in a baseline factor with an on-going decline. Moreover, we exploit temporal variation and wind pattern effects in the measured atmospheric species, the results show that the diurnal variation and seasonality in TGM observed in Mace Head is closely related to other species linked to primary sources and can be explained by transport from continental areas.
Tracking Separate Contributions of Diesel and Gasoline Vehicles to Roadside PM2.5 Through Online Monitoring of Volatile Organic Compounds, PM2.5 Organic and Elemental Carbon: A Six-Year Study in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Yee Ka , Huang X. H. Hilda , Louie Peter K. K. , Yu Alfred L. C. , Chan Damgy H. L. , Yu Jian Zhen
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Vehicular emissions contribute a significant portion to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution in urban areas. Knowledge of the relative contribution of gasoline versus diesel powered vehicles is highly policy relevant and yet there lacks an effective observation-based method to determine this quantity, especially for its robust tracking over a period of years. In this work, we present an approach to track separate contributions by gasoline and diesel vehicles through positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of online monitoring data measurable by relatively inexpensive analytical instruments. They are PM2.5 organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), C2–C9 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (e.g., pentanes, benzene, xylenes, etc) and nitrogen oxides concentrations. The method was applied to monitoring data spanning over six years between 2011 and 2017 in a roadside environment in Hong Kong. We found that diesel vehicles accounted for ~ 70–90 % of the vehicular PM2.5 (PMvehicle) over the years and the remaining from gasoline vehicles. The diesel PMvehicle during a truck- and a bus-dominated periods showed declining trends, in coincidence with control efforts targeting at diesel commercial vehicles and franchised buses in the intervening period. The combined PMvehicle from diesel and gasoline vehicles by PMF agrees well with an independent estimate by the EC-tracer method, both confirming PMvehicle contributed significantly to the PM2.5 in this urban environment (~ 4–8 µg m−3, representing 30–60 % in summer and 10–20 % in winter). Our work shows that long-term monitoring of roadside VOCs and PM2.5 OC and EC is effective for tracking gaseous and PM pollutants from different vehicle categories. This work also demonstrates the value of evidence-based approach in support of effective control policy formulation.
Evaluation of cloud properties from reanalyses over East Asia with a radiance-based approach
Authors: Yao Bin , Liu Chao , Yin Yan , Liu Zhiquan , Shi Chunxiang , Iwabuchi Hironobu , Weng Fuzhong
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Extensive observational and numerical investigations have been
performed to better characterize cloud properties. However, due to the large
variations in cloud spatiotemporal distributions and physical properties,
quantitative depictions of clouds in different atmospheric reanalysis
datasets are still highly uncertain. A radiance-based evaluation approach is
introduced and performed to evaluate the quality of cloud properties from reanalysis datasets. The China Meteorological Administration reanalysis (CRA); the
ECMWF fifth-generation reanalysis (ERA5); and the Modern-Era Retrospective
analysis for Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2), i.e., those reanalyses providing
sufficient cloud information, are considered. To avoid the influence of
assumptions and uncertainties on satellite retrieval algorithms, forward radiative transfer simulations are used as a bridge to translate the
reanalyses to corresponding radiances that are expected to be observed by
satellites. The simulated reflectances and brightness temperatures (BTs) are
directly compared with observations from the Advanced Himawari Imager
onboard the Himawari-8 satellite in the East Asia region. We find that the
simulated reflectances and BTs based on CRA and ERA5 are close to each
other. CRA represents the total and midlayer cloud cover better than the other
two datasets, and ERA5 depicts deep-convection structures more closely than
CRA does. Comparisons of the simulated and observed BT differences suggest that
water clouds are generally overestimated in ERA5 and MERRA-2, and MERRA-2
also overestimates the ice clouds over cyclone centers. Overall, clouds
from CRA, ERA5, and MERRA-2 show their own advantages in different aspects.
The ERA5 reanalysis has the best capability to represent the cloudy
atmospheres over East Asia, and the CRA representations are close to those
in ERA5.
A new approach for measuring the carbon and oxygen content of atmospherically-relevant compounds and mixtures
Authors: Hurley James F. , Kreisberg Nathan M. , Stump Braden , Bi Chenyang , Kumar Purushottam , Hering Susanne V. , Keady Pat , Isaacman-VanWertz Gabriel
Published: March 2020

Abstract. While the mass of particulate matter is monitored worldwide, only a few automated approaches exist to characterize its composition in any detail. All approaches require relatively high capital costs and complex operation by highly trained technical personnel. This leaves a major gap in understanding the health and environmental impacts of particulate matter. In this work, we demonstrate a new approach to estimate the mass of carbon and oxygen in analytes and mixtures that relies only on robust, moderate cost detectors designed for use with gas chromatography. Organic compounds entering a flame ionization detector were found to be converted with 95 % efficiency to CO2, which was analysed downstream using an infrared detector to measure the mass of carbon analysed. The ratio of FID signal generated per CO2 formed (FID / CO2) was shown to be strongly correlated (R2 = 0.89) to the oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O / C) of the analyte. Furthermore, simple mixtures of analytes behaved as the weighted average of their components, indicating that this correlation extends to mixtures. These properties were also observed to correlate well with the sensitivity of the FID estimated by structure activity relationships (quantified as the relative Effective Carbon Number). The relationships between measured FID / CO2, analyte O / C, and FID sensitivity allow estimation of one property from another with
A regional hindcast model simulating ecosystem dynamics, inorganic carbon chemistry and ocean acidification in the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Hauri Claudine , Schultz Cristina , Hedstrom Katherine , Danielson Seth , Irving Brita , Doney Scott C. , Dussin Raphael , Curchitser Enrique N. , Hill David F. , Stock Charles A.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The coastal ecosystem of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) is especially vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification and climate change that can only be understood within the context of the natural variability of physical and chemical conditions. Controlled by its complex bathymetry, iron enriched freshwater discharge, and wind and solar radiation, the GOA is a highly dynamic system that exhibits large inorganic carbon variability from subseasonal to interannual timescales. This variability is poorly understood due to the lack of observations in this expansive and remote region. To improve our conceptual understanding of the system, we developed a new model set-up for the GOA that couples the three-dimensional Regional Oceanic Model System (ROMS), the Carbon, Ocean Biogeochemistry and Lower Trophic (COBALT) ecosystem model, and a high resolution terrestrial hydrological model. Here, we evaluate the model on seasonal to interannual timescales using the best available inorganic carbon observations. The model was particularly successful in reproducing observed aragonite oversaturation and undersaturation of near-bottom water in May and September, respectively. The largest deficiency of the model is perhaps its inability to adequately simulate spring time surface inorganic carbon chemistry, as it overestimates surface dissolved inorganic carbon, which translates into an underestimation of the surface aragonite saturation state at this time. We also use the model to describe the seasonal cycle and drivers of inorganic carbon parameters along the Seward Line transect in under-sampled months. As such, model output suggests that a majority of the near-bottom water along the Seward Line is seasonally under-saturated with regard to aragonite between June and January, as a result of upwelling and remineralization. Such an extensive period of reoccurring aragonite undersaturation may be harmful to CO2 sensitive organisms. Furthermore, the influence of freshwater not only decreases aragonite saturation state in coastal surface waters in summer and fall, but simultaneously also decreases surface pCO2, thereby decoupling the aragonite saturation state from pCO2. The full seasonal cycle and geographic extent of the GOA region is undersampled, and our model results give new and important insights for months of the year and areas that lack in situ inorganic carbon observations.
Modeling the evolution of pulse-like perturbations in atmospheric carbon and carbon isotopes: the role of weathering–sedimentation imbalances
Authors: Jeltsch-Thömmes Aurich , Joos Fortunat
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Measurements of carbon isotope variations in climate archives and isotope-enabled climate
modeling advance the understanding of the carbon cycle. Perturbations in atmospheric CO2
and in its isotopic ratios (δ13C, Δ14C) are removed by different
processes acting on different timescales.
We investigate these differences on timescales of up to 100 000 years in pulse-release
experiments with the Bern3D-LPX Earth system model of intermediate complexity and by analytical
solutions from a box model.
On timescales from years to many centuries, the atmospheric perturbations in CO2 and
δ13CO2 are reduced by air–sea gas exchange, physical transport from the
surface to the deep ocean, and by the land biosphere. Isotopic perturbations are initially
removed much faster from the atmosphere than perturbations in CO2 as explained by aquatic
carbonate chemistry. On multimillennial timescales, the CO2 perturbation is removed by
carbonate compensation and silicate rock weathering. In contrast, the δ13C
perturbation is removed by the relentless flux of organic and calcium carbonate particles buried
in sediments.
The associated removal rate is significantly modified by spatial δ13C gradients
within the ocean, influencing the isotopic perturbation of the burial flux. Space-time variations
in ocean δ13C perturbations are captured by principal components and empirical
orthogonal functions. Analytical impulse response functions for atmospheric CO2 and
δ13CO2 are provided. Results suggest that changes in terrestrial carbon storage were not the sole cause for the
abrupt, centennial-scale CO2 and δ13CO2 variations recorded in ice
during Heinrich stadials HS1 and HS4, though model and data uncertainties prevent a firm
conclusion. The δ13C offset between the Penultimate Glacial Maximum and Last
Glacial Maximum reconstructed for the ocean and atmosphere is most likely caused by imbalances
between weathering, volcanism, and burial fluxes.
Our study highlights the importance of isotopic fluxes connected to weathering–sedimentation
imbalances, which so far have been often neglected on glacial–interglacial timescales.
First automatic pH measurements in the bottom layer of the Ria de Vigo (NW Spain)
Authors: Herrera Juan L. , González Jose , Pérez Fiz F. , Rosón Gabriel , Varela Ramiro A.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Oceanic Acidification is the process that describes a shift in the acid-base equilibrium caused by the rise of the CO2 concentration in the ocean. The project A.RIOS lists among its goals to establish an observation network of oceanic acidification in the Rías and the Galician shelf (NW Iberia). Included in that observation network, an autonomous instrument for spectrophotometric measurements of seawater pH was deployed at the Ría de Vigo during four periods between November 2017 and May 2019. We present here the pH data for those deployments along with temperature, salinity, and pressure data. All the data is available through an unrestricted repository at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.909933 (Varela et al., 2019). In the author's opinion, this dataset significantly improves the temporal resolution of the pH database in the Ría of Vigo.
HETEROFOR 1.0: a spatially explicit model for exploring the response of structurally complex forests to uncertain future conditions – Part 1: Carbon fluxes and tree dimensional growth
Authors: Jonard Mathieu , André Frédéric , de Coligny François , de Wergifosse Louis , Beudez Nicolas , Davi Hendrik , Ligot Gauthier , Ponette Quentin , Vincke Caroline
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Given the multiple abiotic and biotic stressors resulting from global
changes, management systems and practices must be adapted in order to
maintain and reinforce the resilience of forests. Among others, the
transformation of monocultures into uneven-aged and mixed stands is an
avenue to improve forest resilience. To explore the forest response to these new silvicultural practices under a changing environment, one needs models combining a process-based approach with a detailed spatial representation, which is quite rare. We therefore decided to develop our own model (HETEROFOR for HETEROgeneous
FORest) according to a spatially explicit approach, describing individual
tree growth based on resource sharing (light, water and nutrients).
HETEROFOR was progressively elaborated within Capsis (Computer-Aided
Projection for Strategies in Silviculture), a collaborative modelling
platform devoted to tree growth and stand dynamics. This paper describes the carbon-related processes of HETEROFOR
(photosynthesis, respiration, carbon allocation and tree dimensional growth) and evaluates the model performances for three broadleaved stands with different species compositions (Wallonia, Belgium). This first evaluation
showed that HETEROFOR predicts well individual radial growth (Pearson's
correlation of 0.83 and 0.63 for the European beech and sessile oak,
respectively) and is able to reproduce size–growth relationships. We also
noticed that the net to gross primary production (npp to gpp) ratio option for describing maintenance
respiration provides better results than the temperature-dependent routine,
while the process-based (Farquhar model) and empirical (radiation use
efficiency) approaches perform similarly for photosynthesis. To illustrate
how the model can be used to predict climate change impacts on forest
ecosystems, we simulated the growth dynamics of the mixed stand driven by
three IPCC climate scenarios. According to these simulations, the tree growth trends will be governed by the CO2 fertilization effect, with the increase in vegetation period length and the increase in water stress also playing a role but offsetting each other.
Dynamic Complex Network Analysis of PM2.5 Concentrations in the UK using Hierarchical Directed Graphs (V1.0.0)
Authors: Broomandi Parya , Geng Xueyu , Guo Weisi , Kim Jong Ryeol , Pagani Alessio , Topping David
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Worldwide exposure to fine atmospheric particles can exasperate the risk of a wide range of heart and respiratory diseases, due to their ability to penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstreams. Epidemiological studies in Europe and elsewhere have established the evidence base pointing to the important role of PM2.5 (fine particles with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less) in causing over 4 million deaths per year. Traditional approaches to model atmospheric transportation of particles suffer from high dimensionality from both transport and chemical reaction processes, making multi-sale causal inference challenging. We apply alternative model reduction methods – a data-driven directed graph representation to infer spatial embeddedness and causal directionality. Using PM2.5 concentrations in 14 UK cities over a 12-month period, we construct an undirected correlation and a directed Granger causality network. We show for both reduced-order cases, the UK is divided into two northern and southern connected city communities, with greater spatial embedding in spring and summer. We go on to infer stability to disturbances via the network trophic coherence parameter, whereby we found that winter had the greatest vulnerability. As a result of our novel graph-based reduced modeling, we are able to represent high-dimensional knowledge into a causal inference and stability framework.
Evaluation of regional climate models ALARO-0 and REMO2015 at 0.22° resolution over the CORDEX Central Asia domain
Authors: Top Sara , Kotova Lola , De Cruz Lesley , Aniskevich Svetlana , Bobylev Leonid , De Troch Rozemien , Gnatiuk Natalia , Gobin Anne , Hamdi Rafiq , Kriegsmann Arne , Remedio Armelle Reca , Sakalli Abdulla , Van De Vyver Hans , Van Schaeybroeck Bert , Zandersons Viesturs , De Maeyer Philippe , Termonia Piet , Caluwaerts Steven
Published: March 2020

Abstract. To allow for climate impact studies on human and natural systems high-resolution climate information is needed. Over some parts of the world plenty of regional climate simulations have been carried out, while in other regions hardly any high-resolution climate information is available. This publication aims at addressing one of these regional gaps by presenting an evaluation study for two regional climate models (RCMs) (REMO and ALARO-0) at a horizontal resolution of 0.22° (25 km) over Central Asia. The output of the ERA-Interim driven RCMs is compared with different observational datasets over the 1980–2017 period. The choice of the observational dataset has an impact on the scores but in general one can conclude that both models reproduce reasonably well the spatial patterns for temperature and precipitation. The evaluation of minimum and maximum temperature demonstrates that both models underestimate the daily temperature range. More detailed studies of the annual cycle over subregions should be carried out to reveal whether this is due to an incorrect simulation in cloud cover, atmospheric circulation or heat and moisture fluxes. In general, the REMO model scores better for temperature whereas the ALARO-0 model prevails for precipitation. This publication demonstrates that the REMO and ALARO-0 RCMs can be used to perform climate projections over Central Asia and that the produced climate data can be applied in impact modelling.
Calibration of hydrological models for ecologically relevant streamflow predictions: a trade-off between fitting well to data and estimating consistent parameter sets?
Authors: Hallouin Thibault , Bruen Michael , O'Loughlin Fiachra E.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The ecological integrity of freshwater ecosystems is intimately linked to natural fluctuations in the river flow regime. In catchments with little human-induced alterations of the flow regime (e.g. abstractions and regulations), existing hydrological models can be used to predict changes in the local flow regime to assess any changes in its rivers' living environment for endemic species. However, hydrological models are traditionally calibrated to give a good general fit to observed hydrographs, e.g. using criteria such as the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) or the Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE). Much ecological research has shown that aquatic species respond to a range of specific characteristics of the hydrograph, including magnitude, frequency, duration, timing, and the rate of change of flow events. This study investigates the performance of specially developed and tailored criteria formed from combinations of those specific streamflow characteristics (SFCs) found to be ecologically relevant in previous ecohydrological studies. These are compared with the more traditional Kling–Gupta criterion for 33 Irish catchments. A split-sample test with a rolling window is applied to reduce the influence on the conclusions of differences between the calibration and evaluation periods. These tailored criteria are shown to be marginally better suited to predicting the targeted streamflow characteristics; however, traditional criteria are more robust and produce more consistent behavioural parameter sets, suggesting a trade-off between model performance and model parameter consistency when predicting specific streamflow characteristics. Analysis of the fitting to each of 165 streamflow characteristics revealed a general lack of versatility for criteria with a strong focus on low-flow conditions, especially in predicting high-flow conditions. On the other hand, the Kling–Gupta efficiency applied to the square root of flow values performs as well as two sets of tailored criteria across the 165 streamflow characteristics. These findings suggest that traditional composite criteria such as the Kling–Gupta efficiency may still be preferable over tailored criteria for the prediction of streamflow characteristics, when robustness and consistency are important.
Miniaturized photoacoustic detection of organofluorine-based refrigerants
Authors: El-Safoury Mahmoud , Weber Christian , Kiesewetter Olaf , Hespos Yvonne , Eberhardt André , Schmitt Katrin , Wöllenstein Jürgen
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Due to the ban on hydrofluorocarbon and haloalkane refrigerants with a high global warming potential, such as R134a, in the automotive industry, the significance of reliable and precise measuring devices for these refrigerants has risen. We present a photoacoustic gas detector for monitoring the organofluorine-based refrigerants R134a and R1234yf. The idea for this sensor is based on the three-chamber concept (a detection chamber, absorption chamber, and filter chamber). The optimal parameters and dimensions of the photoacoustic sensor components were determined via simulations. The simulation results were the cornerstone of our hardware construction. The first measurements with the newly developed sensor showed a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio for a reliable 0.5 vol. % (0.005 m3 m−3) detection resolution. The influence and importance of the filter chamber were examined and validated.
Tectonic inheritance controls nappe detachment, transport and stacking in the Helvetic nappe system, Switzerland: insights from thermomechanical simulations
Authors: Kiss Dániel , Duretz Thibault , Schmalholz Stefan Markus
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Tectonic nappes have been investigated for more than a hundred years.
Although geological studies often refer to a “nappe theory”, the physical mechanisms of nappe formation are still disputed.
We apply two-dimensional numerical simulations of shortening of a passive margin to investigate the thermomechanical processes of detachment (or shearing off), transport and stacking of nappes.
We use a visco-elasto-plastic model with standard creep flow laws, Drucker–Prager and von Mises yield criteria.
We consider tectonic inheritance with two initial mechanical heterogeneities: (1) lateral heterogeneity of the basement–cover interface due to half-grabens and horsts and (2) vertical heterogeneities due to layering of mechanically strong and weak sedimentary units.
The model shows detachment and horizontal transport of a thrust nappe that gets stacked on a fold nappe.
The detachment of the thrust sheet is triggered by stress concentrations around the sediment–basement contact and the resulting brittle–plastic shear band that shears off the sedimentary units from the sediment–basement contact.
Horizontal transport is facilitated by a basal shear zone just above the basement–cover contact, composed of thin, weak sediments that act as a décollement.
Fold nappe formation occurs by a dominantly ductile closure of a half-graben and the associated extrusion of the half-graben fill.
We apply our model to the Helvetic nappe system in western Switzerland, which is characterized by stacking of the Wildhorn thrust nappe above the Morcles fold nappe.
The modeled structures, the deformation rates and the temperature field agree with data from the Helvetic nappe system.
Mechanical heterogeneities must locally generate effective viscosity (i.e., ratio of stress to viscoplastic strain rate) contrast of about 3 orders of magnitude to model nappe structures similar to the ones of the Helvetic nappe system.
Our results indicate that the structural evolution of the Helvetic nappe system was controlled by tectonic inheritance and that material softening mechanisms are not essential to reproduce the first-order nappe structures.
A new model for intra- and inter-institutional soil data sharing
Authors: Padarian José , McBratney Alex B.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Data sharing and collaboration are critical to solving large-scale problems. The prevailing soil
data-sharing model is based on different groups sending their data to a lead party. This model is
of a centralised nature and, consequently, results in the participants ceding control and
governance over their data to the lead party. Here we explore the use of a distributed ledger
(blockchain) to solve the aforementioned issues. We explain what a blockchain is and some of its
characteristics to then describe some features of a blockchain that make it an interesting
candidate for an inter-institutional database. Finally, we describe the potential use case of
developing a global soil spectral library with multiple, independent international institutions
constituting the network.
Assimilation of surface observations in a transient marine ice sheet model using an ensemble Kalman filter
Authors: Gillet-Chaulet Fabien
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Marine-based sectors of the Antarctic Ice Sheet are increasingly contributing to sea level rise.
The basal conditions exert an important control on the ice dynamics and can be propitious to instabilities in the grounding line position. Because the force balance is non-inertial, most ice flow models are now equipped with time-independent inverse methods to constrain the basal conditions from observed surface velocities. However, transient simulations starting from this initial state usually suffer from inconsistencies and are not able to reproduce observed trends.
Here, using a synthetic flow line experiment, we assess the performance of an ensemble Kalman filter for the assimilation of transient observations of surface elevation and velocities in a marine ice sheet model. The model solves the shallow shelf equation for the force balance and the continuity equation for ice thickness evolution. The position of the grounding line is determined by the floatation criterion. The filter analysis estimates both the state of the model, represented by the surface elevation, and the basal conditions, with the simultaneous inversion of the basal friction and topography. The idealised experiment reproduces a marine ice sheet that is in the early stage of an unstable retreat. Using observation frequencies and uncertainties consistent with current observing systems, we find that the filter allows the accurate recovery of both the basal friction and topography after few assimilation cycles with relatively small ensemble sizes. In addition it is found that assimilating the surface observations has a positive impact on constraining the evolution of the grounding line during the assimilation window. Using the initialised state to perform century-scale forecast simulations, we show that grounding line retreat rates are in agreement with the reference; however remaining uncertainties in the basal conditions may lead to significant delays in the initiation of the unstable retreat. These results are encouraging for the application to real glacial systems.
Improving health literacy – bridging the gap between newcomer populations and quality health care
Authors: Yu Richard Ying , Mishra Anamika
Published: March 2020

Health literacy is the ability to obtain and utilize health information in order to advocate for one’s health. It is paramount to a recent immigrant’s successful integration into the Canadian healthcare system and their maintenance of health in the long term. Despite its importance, 60% of native-born Canadians and an even higher proportion of immigrants indicate that they are not health literate. In this article, we focus on the importance of health literacy in an immigrant population and current barriers they may face in accessing health care. We discuss current shortcomings within the healthcare system in terms of improving health literacy for newcomers and explore strategies currently used in the United States and Canada. Based on our review of the literature, it is clear that promoting health literacy is a multi-dimensional challenge which requires the synthesis of many strategies, including clear written and oral communication, use of multimedia tools, cultural sensitivity, participatory teaching, community resources, and availability of diverse care providers who can relate to newcomers linguistically and culturally.
El proceso de restauración cinematográfica y la censura en la España franquista: el caso de "Los Jueves, milagro"
Authors: Marcos Molano Mar , Álvarez Sanz Vanessa
Published: March 2020

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar la censura cinematográfica llevada a cabo en España durante el Franquismo y de cómo las decisiones censoras, así como el devenir de la Administración, afectaron de manera directa a los filmes realizados en esta época. Para comprender esta situación y en especial el papel relevante que ejerció la Iglesia Católica, se realizará el análisis de la película Los jueves, milagro (Luis G. Berlanga, 1957), caso paradigmático del desencuentro del cineasta con la censura española. El punto de partida de este análisis arranca con la iniciativa tomada por Filmoteca Española que, en 1980 decide restaurar la película. El estudio realizado reconstruye tanto el proceso de investigación llevado a cabo en la restauración, como el proceso de búsqueda a través de la FIAF, así como los resultados que se obtuvieron en las diversas filmotecas en las que se encontraron materiales de diversa índole, dando lugar a una situación desconocida hasta el momento: una doble versión del filme de Berlanga. Dicho descubrimiento no sólo posibilitó la restauración de la película, sino que sirvió para poder conocer los cortes de montaje y las consecuentes modificaciones que la censura efectuó sobre la misma.
El Archivo Histórico Fotográfico de Repsol: Creación y Acceso al material fotográfico
Authors: De Castro Leal Leticia
Published: March 2020

Este artículo tiene como objeto analizar la creación del Archivo Histórico de Repsol, elemento fundamental para poder recorrer la historia de los hidrocarburos en España, y el acceso al mismo. 

En el texto se abordará primero la forma en la que el sector de los hidrocarburos español operó y se configuró desde la entrada en vigor de la Ley del Monopolio de Petróleos en 1927 hasta la fundación de Repsol en 1987. En la segunda parte del artículo se explorarán tanto la creación del Archivo Histórico Fotográfico de Repsol como los procesos de inventariado, ordenación y conservación que ocurren en él. Se explicarán, también el acceso a dicho archivo y la difusión que desde la compañía se está haciendo del mismo.

Por último, hacer notar también que este artículo obedece a nuestro deseo de hacer del Archivo Histórico de Repsol un recurso que pueda llegar a servir de utilidad a la sociedad. Pero este proceso va a ser todavía largo. Pues a la digitalización de los fondos documentales a un Sistema de Gestión de Archivo se suma también la necesidad de adecuarnos a lo establecido por el Reglamento General de Protección de Datos que entró en vigor en mayo del pasado año.
Presentación
Authors: De  la Cuadra de Colmenares Elena , Pantoja Blanco Jorge
Published: March 2020

Este número invitaba a reflexionar sobre la Documentación Cinematográfica, a explorar las encrucijadas que encuentran cineastas y conservadores en el viaje que lleva del cine fotoquímico al cine digital. El cine tradicional, fotoquímico o magnético, en un ámbito profesional o doméstico, está quedando relegado al olvido. Unas veces por falta de interés, otras por falta de instrumentos (proyectores, equipos de vídeo) para poder reproducir las imágenes.