bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structures of HCoV-OC43 HR1 Domain in Complex with Cognate HR2 or Analogue EK1 Peptide
Authors: He Xiuxiu , Liu Huanzhen , Yang Guang , Yan Lei
Published: February 2025

Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) is usually associated with common colds, but also related to severe disease in the frail. Its envelope glycoproteins spike (S) is responsible for host-cell attachment and membrane fusion. To understand the molecular basis of membrane fusion of HCoV-OC43, we solved the 3.34 Å crystal structure of the post-fusion state formed by two heptad repeat domains (HR1P and HR2P) of OC43-S. This fusion core comprises a parallel trimeric coiled coil of three HR1 helices with 61 Å at length, around which three HR2 helices are entwined in an antiparallel manner, as anticipated. Moreover, a pan-CoV fusion inhibitor EK1 derived from OC43-HR2P was also crystalized with OC43-HR1P in the resolution of 2.71 Å. Parallel comparisons rationalize the design of EK1, maintaining various hydrophobic and charged or hydrophilic interactions formed in the initial fusion core to stabilize the overall conformation. Together, our results not only reveal the critical intrahelical and interhelical interactions underlying the mechanism of action of OC43-S fusion, but also help our understanding on the mechanism of HCoV-OC43 inhibition by analogue HR2 mimic peptide.
Evaluation of Celastrol Antiviral Activity Against Equid Alphaherpesvirus Type 8 Infection
Authors: Yu Yue , Wang Jiayu , Ruan Lian , Chen Li , Khan Muhammad Zahoor , You Anrong , Wang Changfa , Li Liangliang , Ren Huiying , Wang Tongtong , Liu Wenhua
Published: February 2025

Equid alphaherpesvirus type 8 (EHV-8) is a contagious pathogen that causes reproductive disorders, respiratory diseases, and viral encephalitis in equids, resulting in significant economic losses for the global horse and donkey industries. Currently, there are no approved antiviral drugs or vaccines available for EHV-8 control. In this study, we investigated the antiviral efficacy of celastrol against EHV-8 both in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrated that celastrol significantly inhibited EHV-8 infection in Rabbit kidney (RK-13) and equine dermal cells (NBL-6) in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies revealed that celastrol interfered with viral replication at multiple stages of the infection cycle. Furthermore, we found that celastrol induced an antiviral interferon response through activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Importantly, celastrol treatment significantly reduced EHV-8 replication and ameliorated lung pathology in a mouse model. These findings suggest that celastrol may represent a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of EHV-8 infections.
Oropouche Virus (OROV): Expanding Threats, Shifting Patterns, and the Urgent Need for Collaborative Research in Latin America
Authors: Ribas Freitas André Ricardo , Schwartz David A. , Lima Neto Antônio Silva , Rodrigues Rosana , Cavalcanti Luciano Pamplona Goes , Alarcón-Elbal Pedro María
Published: February 2025

Recent outbreaks of Oropouche virus (OROV) in Latin America demonstrate shifting epidemiological trends, with increasing clinical severity and geographic expansion driven by environmental and anthropogenic factors, many of which remain uncertain. Viral evolution with new reassortant strains, changes in vectors, environmental degradation, and human activities have been postulated as factors that have facilitated its spread into new areas beyond the Amazon Basin. Multiple reports starting in July 2024 of pregnant women with Oropouche fever developing vertical infections and adverse perinatal outcomes, including placental infection, stillbirth, and fetal infections with microcephaly and malformation syndromes, have reinforced the public health significance of this disease. Here, we describe the evidence surrounding this re-emerging epidemic threat, examine these changes, and propose specific strategies for enhanced surveillance and a public health response.
AliMarko: A Pipeline for Virus Identification Using an Expert-Guided Approach
Authors: Popov Nikolay , Sonets Ignat , Evdokimova Anastasia , Molchanova Maria , Panova Vera , Korneenko Elena , Manolov Alexander , Ilina Elena
Published: February 2025

Viruses are ubiquitous across all kingdoms of cellular life, posing a significant threat to human health, and analyzing viral communities is challenging due to their genetic diversity and lack of a single, universally conserved marker gene. To address this challenge, we developed the AliMarko pipeline, a tool designed to streamline virus identification in metagenomic data. Our pipeline uses a dual approach, combining mapping reads with reference genomes and a de novo assembly-based approach involving an HMM-based homology search and phylogenetic analysis, to enable comprehensive detection of viral sequences, including low-coverage and divergent sequences. We applied our pipeline to total RNA sequencing of bat feces and identified a range of viruses, quickly validating viral sequences and assessing their phylogenetic relationships. We hope that the AliMarko pipeline will be a useful resource for the scientific community, facilitating the interpretation of viral communities and advancing our understanding of viral diversity and its impact on human health.
Elevated Serum Presepsin Identifies Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Reactivation in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Mester Patricia , Keller Dennis , Kunst Claudia , Schmid Stephan , Krautbauer Sabrina , Müller Martina , Buechler Christa , Pavel Vlad
Published: February 2025

Presepsin, a cleaved peptide of soluble CD14, may become a promising biomarker for assessing disease severity and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients with severe COVID-19 frequently develop bacterial and fungal superinfections, as well as herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) reactivation, which may exacerbate disease progression. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of concomitant infections on serum presepsin levels. Serum presepsin levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 63 patients with moderate COVID-19, 60 patients with severe disease, and 49 healthy controls. Correlations with procalcitonin and the presence of superinfections or HSV-1 reactivation were assessed. Consistent with previous studies, serum presepsin levels were the highest in patients with severe COVID-19 (p = 0.002 compared to patients with moderate disease). Within this group, non-survivors exhibited significantly elevated presepsin levels (p = 0.027). A positive correlation between presepsin and procalcitonin was observed in both moderate and severe COVID-19 cases. Patients with bacterial or fungal superinfections showed presepsin levels comparable to those without secondary infections. However, presepsin levels were markedly elevated in patients with HSV-1 reactivation (p = 0.002). After excluding patients with HSV-1 reactivation, presepsin levels no longer differed between moderate and severe COVID-19 cases, though they remained higher than in healthy controls (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). In conclusion, these findings suggest that elevated serum presepsin levels in severe COVID-19 are primarily driven by HSV-1 reactivation rather than bacterial or fungal superinfections.
Collective Immunity to the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Viruses in the Kyrgyz Population
Authors: Popova Anna Yurievna , Smirnov Viacheslav Sergeevich , Egorova Svetlana Alexandrovna , Nurmatov Zuridin Sharipovich , Milichkina Angelika Marsovna , Drozd Irina Victorovna , Dadanova Gulzada Saparbekovna , Zhumagulova Gulnara Dzhumadylovna , Danilova Ekaterina Mikhailovna , Kasymbekov Zharkynbek Orozbekovich , Drobyshevskaya Victoria Georgievna , Sattarova Gulsunay Zhumabaevna , Zhimbaeva Oyuna Bayarovna , Ramsay Edward Smith , Nuridinova Zhanylay Nuridinovna , Ivanov Valery Andreevich , Urmanbetova Altynai Keneshpekovna , Totolian Areg Artemovich
Published: February 2025

Specific prevention of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) is the main prerequisite for a radical reduction in the incidence of these infections in the Kyrgyz Republic (KR). An increase in the number of seronegative individuals observed in recent years has led to an increase in measles incidence. This is directly related to a decrease in collective immunity, which provides protection for the population only in conditions of a high density of immunized individuals and their uniform distribution in the population. The only way to estimate the number of immunized individuals is by conducting serological surveys of collective immunity. Aim of the study: The aim was to study the level of collective immunity to the MMR viruses in the KR. Materials and methods: This study involved a cohort of 6617 residents (volunteers) aged 1 to 70+ years, formed in accordance with the Rospotrebnadzor program “Assessment of collective immunity to vaccine-preventable and other relevant infections” and stratified by age and region of residence. During the study, participants filled out a questionnaire and gave venous blood samples to determine IgG antibodies to MMR viruses (ELISA using certified Russian test systems). Results: In December 2023, collective immunity ensured epidemiological well-being only with respect to rubella. The volunteer seropositivity was 94.2% (95% CI: 93.7–94.8). The average measles seropositivity was 78.9% (95% CI: 77.9–79.9). It was significantly lower in children aged 1–17 years and significantly higher than the cohort average in individuals aged ≥18 years. The average mumps seropositivity was 76.4% (95% CI: 75.3–77.4), with the minimum level noted among individuals aged 12–29 years (63.8%; 95% CI: 61.4–66.2). The maximum levels of mumps seropositivity were noted among children aged 6–11 years and older adults who had likely experienced mumps (50–70+ years). Seroprevalence distributions by activity correlated with age distributions (all infections). Conclusions: The system of targeted prophylaxis of vaccine-preventable infections adopted in the KR has contributed to the formation of a high level of rubella collective immunity and, to a lesser extent, measles and mumps immunity. The recent trend towards increases in measles and mumps incidence in the KR requires additional efforts to increase collective immunity to these infections.
Helminth Seropositivity Inversely Correlated with Th1 and Th17 Cytokines and Severe COVID-19
Authors: Fogang Brice Armel Nembot , Meyer Julia , Debrah Linda B. , Owusu Michael , Agyei George , Mensah Derrick Adu , Boateng John , Mensah Jubin Osei , Klarmann-Schulz Ute , Horn Sacha , Kroidl Inge , Ackah Ezekiel Bonwin , Phillips Richard O. , Sylverken Augustina , Debrah Alexander Y. , Hoerauf Achim , Adjobimey Tomabu
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global health. However, Africa has reported relatively low numbers of cases and fatalities. Although the pandemic has largely receded, the reasons for its milder course on the African continent have not yet been fully clarified. This study explored the hypothesis that helminth co-infections may have contributed to these observations. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using 104 plasma samples collected during the third wave of the pandemic in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Luminex assays were used to measure SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG, neutralizing antibodies, systemic cytokines and helminth-specific IgG. Results: The results indicated that the highest cumulative seroprevalence of helminths (61.5%) was observed in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. In comparison, mild and moderate patients had helminth seropositivity rates of 43.8% and 34.5%, respectively, which were 1.4 and 1.8 times lower than those of the asymptomatic group, respectively. Notably, the two severe COVID-19 cases investigated were seronegative for all three of the helminths tested. Strikingly, co-exposure resulted in lower SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA/IgG expression and reduced neutralization potential. However, co-seropositive individuals for helminths and SARS-CoV-2 exhibited a higher expression of Th2 cytokines and IL-10 over Th1 cytokines compared to SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals alone. Conclusion: These data suggest that co-exposure to helminths could mitigate the severity of COVID-19 outcomes by reducing the Th1 and Th17 responses; this highlights the potential protective role of helminthiasis against severe COVID-19. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of public health policies in helminth-endemic regions and underscore the importance of considering helminth co-infections in managing viral infections. It also offers a plausible explanation for the milder disease severity observed in helminth-endemic regions while raising critical considerations regarding vaccine efficacy, as helminth-induced immune modulation may influence the magnitude and quality of vaccine-induced immune responses.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Challenges and Advances in Vaccine Development
Authors: He Zhan , Li Fangfang , Liu Min , Liao Jiali , Guo Chunhe
Published: February 2025

Persistent infection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) significantly hampers both the quantity and quality of pork production in China. Although PRRSV is widely prevalent worldwide, the absence of effective vaccines has made it one of the major pathogens threatening the sustainable development of the global swine industry. Vaccination remains one of the most effective measures for controlling pathogen infections. However, the continuous genetic recombination and mutation of PRRSV demand more comprehensive strategies to address emerging threats, while ensuring the efficacy and safety of vaccines. This review provides an overview of the latest advances in PRRSV vaccine research, highlighting the importance of understanding the unique strengths and limitations of various vaccines in developing effective therapeutic approaches and vaccination strategies. Moreover, the development of adjuvants and antiviral drugs as adjuncts to combat PRRSV infection offers significant potential for enhancing disease control efforts. With the advancement of technologies such as proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) and mRNA, new avenues for controlling PRRSV and other pathogens are emerging, offering considerable hope. Ultimately, the goal of these vaccine developments is to alleviate the impact of PRRSV on animal health and the profitability of the swine industry.
Virtual Choirs in Care Homes: The Development and Early Assessment of a New Virtual Reality Choir Intervention
Authors: Daffern Helena , Weatherly Helen , Saramago Pedro , Steele Kim , Greaves Dana , Kavanagh Maeve , Cooney Lucy , Spreadborough Jake , Honnan Stephen , Johnston Daniel , Toomer Ross
Published: February 2025

Engaging with music has been shown to have a positive impact on the quality of life of residents in care homes, who are known to be affected by anxiety, depression and loneliness. Based on the known benefits of in-person singing activities, a new Virtual Reality (VR) choir application was developed to facilitate group singing, aiming to improve residents’ wellbeing and sense of community. Co-designed with Alzheimer Scotland, the intervention was tested in two care homes for functionality and to develop an approach towards assessing feasibility. Residents participated in scheduled sessions over a five-week period, in addition to staff engaging in independent ad hoc use of the experience with residents. Data on reactions to the intervention, the quality of life of participants and preferences about the outcome instruments were collected. The VR intervention proved technically successful, user-friendly, and allowed multiple users to sing together. Participants and staff showed strong enthusiasm for the intervention, with residents actively engaging in singing and movement, although some residents found the headsets uncomfortable. This suggests that VR choirs could be a valuable, scalable activity in care homes, especially when in-person facilitators are unavailable. Preliminary observations indicated that the intervention was not detrimental to participants’ health; however, the sample size was very small and a larger feasibility study is required to examine the intervention’s effectiveness, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. This research highlights the challenges associated with measuring the feasibility of VR interventions in residential care settings, and the value of capturing qualitative data in an ecological setting that represents the intended use of the intervention.
Comprehensive Analysis of Oxidation Ditch and High-Efficiency Multi-Cycle A2/O Processes Performance in Urban Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Liu Jun , Cui Kangping , Yan Zhen , Yang Houyun
Published: February 2025

Oxidation ditch and Anaerobic–Anoxic–Oxic (A2/O) processes have been applied in urban wastewater treatment plants for decades, but the differences between two processes in engineering applications are less studied. Based on the continuous monitoring of Ningyang’s sewage treatment plant (Shandong, China) for one year, this study systematically analyzed the removal efficiencies of nutrients in the oxidation ditch and the modified high-efficiency multi-cycle A2/O processes. The results showed that chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus (TP) removal in the modified high-efficiency multi-cycle A2/O process of the Phase II project was better than that in the oxidation ditch process of the Phase I project, and the average concentration of COD and TP in the effluent was 49.9% and 51.7% lower than that in the oxidation ditch process, respectively. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) by the two processes was basically the same, while the total nitrogen (TN) effluent concentration of the oxidation ditch process was 31.4% lower than that in the high-efficiency multi-cycle A2/O process. In summary, the high-efficiency multi-cycle A2/O process had a better treatment performance regarding nutrient removal than the oxidation ditch process under the same conditions. Furthermore, the engineering and operational costs of the high-efficiency multi-cycle A2/O process were lower.
Systematization of data for sustainable development of a region
Authors:   Land Relations and Cadaster Department Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, St. Petersburg, Petrov A. A. , Semyonov D. M. ,   Land Relations and Cadaster Department Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, St. Petersburg
Published: February 2025

The article presents the results of the author’s research on the systematization of
data categories used for sustainable development goals. The approaches to the establishment of
criteria (indicators, indices) for assessing sustainable development as well as existing problems are
considered in this paper. Based on the systematization of data categories, the authors identify the
criteria for verifying the effectiveness of the sustainable development program for an agglomeration.
By the authors’ conclusion, it is necessary to develop information technology for entering and
viewing data in order to create an effective program for the sustainable development of a region.
Carbón activado de la cáscara de plátano en la adsorción de metales pesados
Authors: Robles Lora Marcos Alejandro , Vilchez Moscol Julio , Escurra Lagos Jean Carlos , Diaz Diaz Natalia del Pilar
Published: February 2025

La investigación propone determinar la eficiencia del uso del carbón activado de la cáscara de plátano en la adsorción de metales pesados presentes en el río Moche durante el año 2024, esto a través de la evaluación de la concentración de metales pesados, la comparación de la concentración del agua antes y después del adsorbente con relación al ECA (Categoría 1) y finalmente la determinación del porcentaje de adsorción del carbón activado de la cáscara de plátano. Adoptando un enfoque cuantitativo de alcance explicativo, con un diseño preexperimental. La población estuvo conformada por el agua del Río Moche, con una muestra de 7 litros, utilizando el muestreo simple, desde junio del 2024 hasta setiembre de 2024. Los resultados fueron contrastados con las pruebas estadísticas, de normalidad y del T Student, los cuales indican que, la cáscara de banano demostró un porcentaje alto de eficiencia en la adsorción de metales pesados (As) en las muestras de agua contaminadas del rio Moche, ya que con la aplicación de 5g se obtuvo un porcentaje de 78%, con 7g el porcentaje fue de 85% y con la aplicación de 10g se obtuvo el porcentaje más alto de 88% ya que el adsorbente más óptimo es de 10g de la cascara de plátano para la adsorción de metales pesados con el arsénico. Concluyendo que, el método si es eficiente, ya que se pudo reducir más del 50% de lo esperado en la adsorción de metales pesados de arsénico en el agua del rio Moche.
Análisis del sumak kawsay en el desarrollo del turismo rural
Authors: Torres Jara Gabriela Natalia , Pomaina Pilamunda Bacilio Segundo , Torres Jara Emiliano Santiago , Chucho Cuvi Victor Raúl
Published: February 2025

El concepto de sumak kawsay, o buen vivir, proveniente de las cosmovisiones andinas, ha cobrado relevancia en los últimos años en el ámbito del desarrollo sostenible y, en particular, en el turismo. El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el sumak kawsay en el desarrollo del turismo rural del Ecuador. A través de un enfoque mixto integrando métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Se realizó un análisis temático de entrevistas realizadas a una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia, constituida por 66 personas. El diseño documental estuvo basado en la revisión de fuentes secundarias. Los resultados señalan que las características del Sumak Kawsay, presentes en las comunidades ancestrales, representarían un atractivo diferenciador para el turismo rural en Ecuador. Sin embargo, existe una tensión entre esta premisa teórica y la percepción de los encuestados. Se concluye que, el Sumak Kawsay se posiciona como un marco conceptual valioso para orientar el desarrollo del turismo rural en Ecuador, no obstante, existe una brecha entre la teoría y la práctica basada en el Sumak Kawsay.
Global International Comparison Programme – 2021 Cycle Results and Prospects
Authors: Kosarev A. E.
Published: February 2025

Purchasing power parities (PPP) provide a unique tool for macroeconomic analysis. Multilateral computations of purchasing power parities for participating economies are currently carried out under the global International Comparison Programme (Global ICP), guided by the World Bank. The article contains the main features of the Global ICP and the results from the recently completed cycle conducted using 2021 data. The author presents the main directions of PPP-based international comparative analysis and addresses its future development prospects.
Navigating Knowledge Boundaries: The Role of Academic Self-Conception in Open Innovation Practices
Authors: Gustina Adin , Fansurya Alfi Husni , Liu Su-Chuan
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the role of academic self-conception in knowledge-hiding behaviours and their impact on open innovation within academic contexts. Drawing on Social Exchange Theory, we examine how individuals' perceptions of their academic abilities influence their tendencies to engage in various forms of knowledge hiding, including evasive hiding, rationalised hiding, and playing dumb. This research was a quantitative study conducted among 262 Indonesian academicians. The data was collected through an online survey and tested using SEM-PLS. Our findings reveal that academic self-conception positively influences all three types of knowledge-hiding behaviours. Interestingly, while evasive hiding does not significantly impact open innovation, rationalised hiding negatively affects open innovation outcomes, whereas playing dumb positively influences open innovation. These results underscore the importance of understanding individual-level factors, such as academic self-conception, in shaping knowledge-hiding behaviours and their implications for innovation processes within academic settings.
A method for investigation of small-scale morphologic change around low crested oyster-based structures
Authors: Shemu Makaya , Roster Michael , Cope Lauren , Waggoner Jacob , Crowley Raphael , Richardson Robert
Published: February 2025

In recent years, a novel method for shoreline stabilization, Pervious Oyster Shell Habitat (POSH) units, comprised of recycled eastern oyster shells, has been developed. These mound-shaped structures have been deployed along several shoreline sites in Northeast Florida. This case study sought to develop and implement a method for investigation of small-scale morphologic change in the vicinity of these structures using smartphone LiDAR technology, surveying instruments, and 2D/3D mapping software. Results suggest that the POSH units are helping to mitigate erosion by trapping sediments around them any perceptions about them “sinking into the mud” are incorrect.
Closure of Historic Lighthouse Beach, Cape Hatteras National Seashore
Authors: Leatherman Stephen
Published: February 2025

Lighthouse Beach at Cape Hatteras National Seashore has been closed by the National Park Service (NPS) because of an oily substance leaking out of the recently uncovered remains of a former U.S. Navy facility. This was the first NPS seashore so designated because of its natural, unspoiled nature. Cape Hatteras is the most northern cape of a unique coastal landform composed of three capes joined by long, narrow barrier islands. Beach erosion has long been a problem, necessitating the landward movement of the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse in 1999. Continued erosion, as exacerbated by two recent storms, has resulted in the closure of Lighthouse Beach with remediation efforts tied up in jurisdictional issues.
A Solution to Waste Economy and Water Scarcity; Air Conditioning Wastewater
Authors: Sayğı Hülya
Published: February 2025

The waste economy, which is based on the use of wastes that are previously produced and/or produced during the production/consumption process and contain valuable substances for production and pose a significant threat to nature, humans and other living beings, as an alternative to depleting production resources, is a mandatory activity that must be implemented. The waste economy is the process of obtaining production inputs necessary to meet human needs from wastes. The aim of this study is to examine whether wastewater produced by air conditioners at zero cost can be used as an alternative water source to meet the increasing water demand. The study method is the literature review method and scientific studies on the subject, academic publications, digital resources, documents, reports, opinions and evaluations published by authorized and expert national/international persons, institutions and organizations on the subject were used as the study material. The study findings support the fact that waste is an important source of raw materials when evaluated correctly, and that the costs incurred to manage these wastes are instantly transformed into production investments (waste recycling revenue in the world in 2020 was 135 billion dollars). Similarly, the study findings support the fact that evaluating air conditioning wastewater will create significant economic value. Tons of water produced by approximately 2 billion air conditioners in the world (a 1-ton air conditioner produces 1.10 litters of wastewater per hour) and used for various purposes such as drinking and irrigation, which should be used for the economy, are wasted. According to the study findings, wastes (water, plastic, electronics, organic, etc.), which could provide significant economic gains but are not evaluated and cause great economic losses and costs, provide strong evidence that they will be a source of raw materials that meet our needs.
A Comparative Assessment on the Novel Long-Term Real-Time Single Object Tracking Techniques Using Yolo-Nas and YOLO11
Authors: Parlak Cevahir
Published: February 2025

This study sheds light on the daunting task of single-object tracking using state-of-the-art BoT-SORT, DeepSORT, SORT, and ByteTrack tracking algorithms with YOLO-NAS and YOLO11 object detectors. Object tracking is a step further of object detection and tries to detect the movement of objects in video files and it has enormous range of real-world application fields. Object tracking also assigns unique identifiers to each tracked object and tries to maintain the identity throughout the entire sequence. Current models can achieve great success in object tracking, however there is still too many obstacles and challenges lying ahead to resolve. YOLONAS and YOLO11 are the latest and most used object detection models. YOLO can be combined with different tracking methods such as ByteTrack, BoT-SORT, SORT, and DeepSORT for object tracking. The advantage of YOLO is its extremely fast implementation compared to the other methods. When accompanied by specialized tracking algorithms, YOLO achieves the best scores in object tracking. This study focuses on the implementation of YOLO-NAS and YOLO11 in tracking and results demonstrate that YOLO11 performs better and faster using ByteTrack tracking method.
Examination of Distance Based Regression Methods for Different Data Structures in Animal Science
Authors: Kurnaz Burcu , Önder Hasan
Published: February 2025

Distance-based regression is an alternative method for parameter estimation in linear regression models when mixed-type explanatory variables are used. Distance-based regression is similar to classical linear regression, except that explanatory variables are measured by distance measures rather than raw values. In this study, datasets with sample sizes of 10, 25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 produced for Binomial, Normal, t, Chi-square and Poisson distributions of Euclidean, Gower and Manhattan distance measures and real data with discrete and continuous distribution that body weight at sixth months was used as outcome variable, body length and chest depth at sixth months of Saanen kids were used as explanatory variables as continuous data. Milk fat ratio was determined as the response variable, while the number of milking per day and the season of Polish Holstein Friesian cattle were determined as the explanatory variables as discrete data. It was aimed to determine the effect on the data sets (10, 50 and 100 sample sizes) by comparing the results obtained from the Linear Regression method. R packages "dbstats", "cluster" and "tidyverse" were used to perform the analysis. As a result, it has been determined that the use of Manhattan distance in data with Poisson distribution may produce unsuccessful results, especially in small sample sizes (n
Экспериментальные исследования по применению водяных завес для ограничения распространения каскадных пожаров в сельских поселениях Вьетнама
Authors: Чан Д.Ч.
Published: February 2025

Статья посвящена разработке перфорированных трубопроводов для создания водяных завес с целью предотвращения распространения каскадных пожаров в сельских поселениях С.Р. Вьетнам.Актуальность работы состоит в том, что в сельских поселениях Вьетнама возникают пожары в жилой застройке пониженной огнестойкости и при воздействии природных явлений (таких как повышенная температура окружающей среды, порывистый ветер) огонь быстро распространяется по жилым и хозяйственным постройкам. Пожары переходят в каскадное развитие и носят массовый характер, уничтожая жилье и хозяйственные сооружения местного населения. Для решения этой проблемы предложено использовать перфорированные трубопроводы с непрерывным расходом воды для создания водяных завес, предотвращающих распространение пожаров по территории поселений. В статье представлены основные результаты экспериментальных исследований по применению водяных завес во Вьетнаме силами пожарной охраны. Были практически определены показатели расходов воды, для создания водяных завес, с использованием перфорированных трубопроводов, осуществлен подбор форсунок для получения водяной завесы определенных параметров, изучены возможности прокладки магистральных линий по наклонной поверхности земли.

The article is devoted to the development of perforated pipelines to create water curtains in order to prevent the spread of cascade fires in rural settlements in Vietnam. The relevance of the work lies in the fact that in rural settlements of Vietnam fires occur in residential buildings of reduced fire resistance, when exposed to natural phenomena such as elevated ambient temperatures, gusty winds, fires often turn into cascading development and are massive, destroying housing and household structures of the local population. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use perforated pipelines with continuous water flow to create water curtains that prevent the spread of fires across the territory of settlements. The article presents the main results of experimental studies on the use of water curtains in Vietnam by fire protection forces. Water consumption indicators were practically determined, for the creation of water curtains, using perforated pipelines, the selection of nozzles for obtaining a water curtain of certain parameters was carried out, the possibilities of laying main lines along the inclined surface of the earth were studied.
Pelatihan Ketrampilan Kader dalam Pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Darul Imarah Kabupaten Aceh Besar
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Hanum Faridah
Published: February 2025

Bayi yang diberi ASI secara khusus terlindung dari serangan penyakit sistem pencernaan seperti diare, disentri, gastro enteritis dan colitis ulceracy (radang usus kasar). Hal ini disebabkan zat-zat kekebalan tubuh didalam ASI memberikan perlindungan langsung melawan serangan penyakit. Tujuan program untuk pemberdayaan masyarakat dan dapat menghasilkan perubahan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku dari kelompok sasaran maupun masyarakat. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat dilaksanakan dalam bentuk Pelatihan Kader dengan metode ceramah, demonstrasi, dan Role Play. Hasil pengukuran  pengetahuan berada pada kategori baik saat pretest  yaitu 67% dan meningkat pada saat postest yaitu 93%. Hasil observasi tindakan penyuluhan dari 15 orang kader kesehatan didapatkan 8 orang berada pada kriteria nilai Baik, dan 2 orang nilai Sangat Baik. Kesimpulan terdapat peningkatan nilai pengetahuan kader kesehatan tentang Pemberian ASI Eksklusif setelah mendapatkan pendidikan kesehatan sebanyak 26% dan Keterampilan kader kesehatan dalam memberikan penyuluhan pada kategori baik sebanyak 53%.
Percepción sobre la participación y el financiamiento al voto en el extranjero en Costa Rica
Authors: José Andrés Díaz-González , Cynthia Mora Izaguirre , Laura Solís Bastos
Published: February 2025

Analiza el apoyo de la ciudadanía costarricense a la utilización de recursos públicos para el financiamiento del voto en el extranjero. Así, al estudiar los datos de una encuesta realizada en el marco de la campaña electoral nacional de 2022, se busca determinar qué características de la población inciden en apoyar o no el financiamiento de dicha medida. Esta información es útil porque permite conocer el apoyo a parte del proceso electoral y, con ello, brindar una idea de la legitimidad que este tiene para la ciudadanía costarricense.
Vivencias de emigrantes costarricenses en torno al voto en el exterior: una exploración de la construcción de sentido de los derechos políticos de la diáspora costarricense
Authors: Pamela Sofía Rojas Mena
Published: February 2025

Explora las percepciones sobre los mecanismos institucionales del Estado instaurados para el ejercicio de los derechos políticos de las personas emigrantes costarricenses, con el fin de examinar mediante la sociología política la creación de sentidos sobre la relación Estado-ciudadanía en el contexto de la migración. A partir de investigación documental y la aplicación de grupos focales, describe los diferentes retos asociados al ejercicio de los derechos políticos para la persona emigrante costarricense y esboza la complejidad social detrás de procesos de reconfiguración identitaria, como parte de los procesos de migración que inciden sobre el espacio político. En las conclusiones, se comparten recomendaciones de futuras investigaciones, así como aquellas emitidas por la población de estudio, como una manera de aportar desde los resultados de esta investigación
Strategic Approaches to International Market Penetration for Local Products
Authors: Trisna Rumapea  , Antonius Gerarldo
Published: February 2025

This research explores the intricacies of international market penetration strategies for local products, aiming to provide comprehensive insights and actionable recommendations for businesses seeking to expand their presence in global markets. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study integrates qualitative insights from case studies and interviews with quantitative data analysis and literature review to offer a holistic understanding of the subject matter. Through the analysis of case studies on successful and unsuccessful international expansion efforts, the research identifies key patterns, trends, and lessons learned in market selection, adaptation strategies, market entry modes, and competitive analysis. Findings underscore the critical importance of cultural sensitivity, strategic partnerships, and adaptive resilience in achieving success in global expansion endeavors. The synthesis of findings contributes to the advancement of theoretical frameworks in international business literature, validating concepts such as cultural adaptation, strategic partnerships, and regulatory compliance. Furthermore, the research offers practical implications and recommendations for businesses, emphasizing the need for thorough market research, cultural adaptation, strategic partnerships, and adaptive resilience in navigating the complexities of international markets.
Digital Transformation: The Role Of Information Systems In Enhancing Efficiency
Authors: Irwansyahputra Muhammad , Khairot Fastabiqul
Published: February 2025

This research aims to understand and analyze how the digital transformation process can enhance relevant information systems, as well as how these digital information systems can improve operational efficiency in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach with purposive sampling for data collection, and the data is gathered through documentation study. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that information systems can become more relevant through the digital transformation process by analyzing organizational needs, modernizing technology infrastructure, digitizing business processes, integrating new technologies, building system integration, and implementing monitoring and analytics. Additionally, it can be concluded that digital information systems can improve business operational efficiency by automating operational processes, integrating data and systems, enabling faster and more accurate decision-making, reducing operational costs, and facilitating overall digital transformation.
Assessment of Diagnostic Radiology Methods Effectiveness in Acute Appendicitis Diagnosis in the Emergency Department
Authors: Katrich Aleksey N. , Polshikov Sergey V. , Mukhanov Mikhail L. , Khakhalina Oksana O. , Oksuzyan Raisa N. , Veligurova Natalia G.
Published: February 2025

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing acute appendicitis.

Material and methods: The study group included 912 patients with suspected acute appendicitis who underwent imaging and surgery. The inclusion criterion is the availability of histopathological findings. To assess the diagnostic effectiveness, we determined sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), accuracy (Ac), and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values using the corresponding formulas. Statistical analyses were performed using MedCalc, version 20.013 (MedCalc Software Ltd, Belgium). The diagnostic effectiveness is presented as receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results: Preoperative imaging enabled to establish the correct diagnosis of acute appendicitis in 92.4% of patients. The diagnostic effectiveness of ultrasonography in the study group (n=912) was Se, 68.34%; Sp, 56.5%; Ac, 67.4%; PPV, 95%; NPV, 12.9%; that of contrast-enhanced CT, Se, 94.4%; Sp, 76.9%; Ac, 92.5%; PPV, 97.1%; NPV, 62.5%. The appendiceal diameter cutoff was >6.8 mm for ultrasonography, with Se of 91.3% and Sp of 57.1%, area under the curve (AUC), 0.720 (P >6.6 mm for contrast-enhanced CT, with Se of 95.5% and Sp of 83.3%, AUC, 0.966 (P <.0001).

Conclusions: Ultrasonography has sufficient diagnostic effectiveness as the first-line imaging in patients with suspected acute appendicitis. Contrast-enhanced CT has higher effectiveness in diagnosing acute appendicitis and should be used in patients with negative ultrasonography findings, high risk of complicated acute appendicitis and as an additional tool for differential diagnosis.
Impact of Viral Myocarditis on the Course of Pregnancy and Delivery
Authors: Muratova Nigora Ju. , Babadjanova Guldjahan S. , Urinbaeva Nilufar A. , Eshonkhodjaeva Dildora Ju.
Published: February 2025

Background: COVID-19 is mainly a respiratory infection; however, in some cases, it can result in cardiac complications in pregnant women leading to the development of myocarditis.

Material and methods: In 2021-2022 we studied the impact of COVID-19-associated myocarditis on the course of pregnancy in the Republican Perinatal Center (Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan). We examined a total of 147 pregnant women with myocarditis (of them, 95 women had COVID-19 while pregnant and 52 women had chronic focal myocarditis). The patients underwent electrocardiography, echocardiography, ultrasonography, and laboratory studies (troponin T1).

Results: COVID-19 in pregnant women can lead to COVID-19-associated myocarditis with signs of circulatory failure (68%), in contrast to chronic focal myocarditis with impaired circulation and chronic heart failure (84.7%). Metabolic changes on echocardiography were more typical of COVID-19-associated myocarditis (group 1) than indolent focal myocarditis (group 2); however, pathological changes were more common in group 2, indicating more pronounced changes in the myocardium of pregnant women with chronic focal myocarditis.

Conclusions: The course of gestation in women with COVID-19-associated myocarditis was characterized by the hypertensive syndrome, increased risk of miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and nonreassuring fetal status, but these complications were less common compared with group 2 with chronic focal myocarditis, in which case operative vaginal delivery is indicated.
Modulation of the Surgical Stress Response in the Early Postoperative Period After Radical Nephrectomy as the Core of the Nephroprotective Strategy
Authors: Shormanov Igor S. , Kosenko Maxim V. , Shchedrov Dmitry N. , Sokolova Christina A. , Zhigalov Sergei A. , Soloviev Andrey S. , Azizov Magomed I.
Published: February 2025

Background: One of the most important problems in medicine today is prevention of chronic kidney disease development and progression in patients who underwent radical nephrectomy. Surgical removal of one kidney initiates adaptive functional and morphological restructuring in the other one. Changes in the condition of the remaining kidney have been sufficiently detailed, whereas systemic metabolic disorders induced by surgical stress, which occur during remodeling of the kidney parenchyma and functional restructuring of the kidney, remain overlooked. Both local processes of recovery, adaptation, and compensation in the remaining kidney and the endocrine and metabolic response as a whole should be examined. Only adequate pharmacological modulation of the endocrine-metabolic stress response to surgery will contribute to providing optimal conditions for proper anatomical and functional adaptation of the remaining kidney and preventing kidney diseases.

Objective: To justify an algorithm for patient management in the early postoperative period after radical nephrectomy that minimizes risks of dysfunction of the remaining kidney.

Materials and methods: We examined 2 groups of patients who underwent radical nephrectomy, one of which additionally received a synthetic adaptogen, Selank, for 2 weeks after the surgery.

Results: The patients additionally receiving Selank had significantly better results in terms of the dynamics of recovery initiated by surgery: disorders of biogenic amine metabolism, psycho-emotional disorders, vegetative-vascular disorders, and glomerular filtration rates.

Conclusions: The surgery is a strong stressor that disrupts adaptive mechanisms both at systemic and organ levels. The combination of these pathological processes ultimately results in an overload of the compensatory capabilities of the remaining kidney, which requires pharmacological support from day 1 after surgery. Given the mechanism of disrupted adaptive reactivity due to neuro-endocrine regulation disorders, synthetic adaptogens based on regulatory peptides may be the best solution.
Emergency Endoscopic Decompression With Colonic Stenting in Acute Malignant Colonic Obstruction
Authors: Tulyaganov Davron B. , Hoshimov Mirkamol A. , Shukurov Bobir I. , Yarov Jhakhongir B. , Gulomov Furkat K. , Khomidov Muhammadkhon A.
Published: February 2025

We report a case of emergency endoscopic decompression for acute left-sided malignant colonic obstruction in a 63-year-old patient. A rectosigmoid colon tumor was detected by unenhanced radiography, multislice computed tomography, and barium enema. We performed an emergency colonoscopy, which confirmed the rectosigmoid colon tumor, and successful endoscopic decompression with the self-expandable metal stent placement. Seven days later, the patient underwent radical surgery in the second stage: open resection of the rectosigmoid colon with end-to-end decendorectoanastomosis. On day 7 after the second surgery, the patient was discharged from the clinic in a satisfactory condition.