bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Demonstration of Hindsight Bias Using the Thomas Confirmation Vote
Authors: Dietrich Dorothee , Olson Matthew
Published: August 2011

The Clarence Thomas confirmation vote provided an opportunity to demonstrate hindsight bias in a repeated-measures design using an ongoing political event. The 57 subjects displayed statistically significant memory distortions in recalling a higher number of confirming senatorial votes when asked one month after the vote to recall the estimate they had provided the day before the vote.
Prediction of Cancer and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality by Means of a Personality Inventory: Results of a 15-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Eysenck H. J.
Published: August 2011

This paper reports on the 1982–1986 follow-up of two samples of healthy persons first studied in 1972 and followed up in 1982 when mortality and cause of death were established ( N = 2,146). Both were related to stress and personality type according to clearly elaborated theories, and results were very much in accordance with theory. The second follow-up was instigated to answer criticisms of the first study and to test whether results would still support the theories involved. The data support the previous results strongly and show that psychosocial data can predict with considerable accuracy mortality and cause of death over 14 years ahead.
Validating Sex-Role-Related Items Designed to Measure Career Indecision
Authors: Sutherland Viola E. , Hartman Bruce W. , Blum Craig R.
Published: August 2011

The purpose was to validate a set of items measuring career indecision in women undergraduates. Incorporated were marital/familial status, sex-role attitudes, and role conflicts. The sample of 113 men and 108 women were either freshmen in introductory psychology courses or seniors enrolled in a cross-section of senior courses in their respective academic majors. The analysis provided evidence that the set of items measured career indecision but less evidence that the set measured gender-specific sex-role-related career indecision.
The Christian Orthodoxy Scale: A Validity Study
Authors: Johnson Ray W. , George David T. , Saine Kathleen C.
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the validity of the Christian Orthodoxy Scale of Fullerton and Hunsberger for 125 male and 125 female college students, who identified their religious preference and rated the importance of their religion. They were administered the scale and Allport and Ross's Religious Orientation Scale. Subjects were grouped by gender, Christian or NonChristian and importance of religion. Data for Christian and NonChristian groups were separately subjected to a 3 × 2 analysis of variance. Scores on the Christian scale and on the Orientation scale were correlated for the total sample. The Christian scale discriminated between subjects reporting greater or less importance of religion in their lives. Also, positive relationships were found between the Christian scale and an Intrinsic religious orientation.
The Psychoepistemological Profile of African-American College Students
Authors: Hill Oliver W. , Stuckey Ralph W.
Published: August 2011

The epistemic hierarchies of a sample of 360 African-American college students were assessed using the Psycho-Epistemological Profile and compared with norms for white college students ( N = 1342). A much lower proportion of the black students had Metaphorism as the dominant mode than their white peers. Large differences were also found in the proportions of black ( n = 229) and white ( n = 417) women with the preference for Empiricism as their primary epistemic tool. The results do seem to support the notion of black/white differences in “cognitive style.”
Psychology of Computer Use: XXVII. Relating Self-Rated Computer Experience to Computer Stress
Authors: Ballance Collin T. , Ballance Vickie V.
Published: August 2011

College students were surveyed using Hudiburg's Computer Technology Hassles Scale and their computer experience. Students with low, moderate, and high computer experience ( ns = 67, 77, and 37) appeared to perceive the same interactions as unpleasant. The students selected unpleasant interactions in the same numbers and with the same intensity.
Tendency toward Controlling Behavior in Adult Children of Problem Drinkers: An Experimental Study
Authors: Hemmings Susan , Irwin Harvey J.
Published: August 2011

Several clinicians have remarked on an obsessive need to control among adult children of alcoholics. In an experimental test of this hypothesis 30 adult children of problem drinkers and 31 control subjects performed a computer-simulated coin-tossing task. On half of the trials the outcome of the coin toss was open to control; the outcome was random on the remainder of the trials. The children of problem drinkers and the control group did not differ in their success on the task, but in comparison to control subjects the children of problem drinkers tended to perceive a greater difference between controllable and random trials in the coin-tossing task's openness to control. Of the two groups, the control subjects proved to be more realistic in their assessment of the control they had exercised during the task. These findings are discussed in terms of the theme of control in the lives of the adult children of alcoholics.
Factors Related to Depression and Eating Disorders: Self-Esteem, Body Image, and Attractiveness
Authors: Grubb Henry J. , Sellers Marie I. , Waligroski Karen
Published: August 2011

To test hypotheses that women suffering from some form of eating disorder would experience lower self-esteem and higher depression and that women with lower self-esteem and greater depression would rate their attractiveness lower and see themselves as heavier than less depressed individuals, 42 college undergraduate women were individually administered the Eating Disorders Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory, and a Body Image/Attractiveness Perception Scale. A Pearson correlation indicated a substantial relation between scores on depression and scores on eating disorders, but nonsignificant values between self-esteem scores and scores on either eating disorders or on depression. Depression scores correlated significantly with rated body size, but not attractiveness, while self-esteem scores were significantly correlated with rated attractiveness, not body size. These results contradict literature on the relation between self-esteem and depression. Directions for additional research are discussed.
The World Declaration of the Rights of the Child: Anticipated Challenges
Authors: Hojat Mohammadreza
Published: August 2011

The United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of the Child which was unanimously adopted by the UN General Assembly is described as a memorable chapter in the history of human civilization. This landmark document has neither been ratified by the United States nor publicized by child health professionals and media. A few of the Convention's guidelines related to early parent-child relations are briefly cited and the role of parents, particularly that of mothers, in protecting their children's rights is discussed. The author anticipates implementation of the guidelines might generate conflict of interest among groups with nontraditional views on family and child care and challenges to the implementations of the guidelines could therefore be expected. Among the reasons for such anticipated challenges are the ongoing controversial and emotional arguments in the literature on child development concerning maternal paid employment and alternative child care, changing views and emphasis on a new definition of marriage, family and motherhood by feminist groups, and inadequate educational indoctrination on child-care issues among some family physicians and pediatricians. The guidelines should not be buried under personal agendas, organizational biases, wishful thinking, ignorance, and political considerations Finally, the obligation of professionals in health and human services as well as State authorities to support positive ideology on children's rights is discussed.
Refining the Nomological Net of the Adult Playfulness Scale: Personality, Motivational, and Attitudinal Correlates for Highly Intelligent Adults
Authors: Glynn Mary Ann , Webster Jane
Published: August 2011

This study extends the nomological net of the 1992 Adult Playfulness Scale of Glynn and Webster by examining concurrent validity using a sample of 550 highly intelligent adults. Playfulness correlated positively with innovative attitudes, intrinsic motivational orientation, and negatively with personal orderliness. Playfulness did not correlate with gender or social desirability and had a low correlation with age. These findings extend the validity of the scale and suggest its applicability for different subgroups of employees in the workplace.
Statistical Pedagogy: Employing Student-Generated Data Sets in Introductory Statistics
Authors: Stedman Mark E.
Published: August 2011

A procedure for involving introductory statistics students in data production is described. The procedure was designed to provide a data set with which students would be intimately familiar and so able to manipulate. Students reported improved understanding of the data over artificial data sets.
Decriminalization of Suicide in New Zealand and Suicide Rates
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

The decriminalization of suicide in New Zealand in 1961 did not lead to an increase in the suicide rate during the 10 years afterwards.
How Gender Determines the Causes of Smoking: A Preliminary Report
Authors: DeFronzo James , Pawlak Rebecca
Published: August 2011

Analyses of a national sample of 849 adults indicated that gender conditioned the effects of several variables on tobacco smoking. Interaction tests indicated that religiosity deterred only women's smoking, while satisfaction with financial status inhibited only men's smoking. The experience of physical violence during childhood promoted smoking only among men.
Living with a Disability: A Synthesis and Critique of the Literature on Quality of Life, 1985–1989
Authors: Evans Ron L. , Dingus C. Mary , Haselkorn Jodie K.
Published: August 2011

The current study describes articles cross-indexed under the keywords “quality of life” and “disability” in Index Medicus for the years 1985 through 1989 to compare their relative merits in terms of research design, sampling details, and the type of quality of life criteria included. Of 833 articles indexed under “quality of life,” 52 (16%) included data about a a disabling condition requiring rehabilitation. Of those 52, only seven (13%) were randomized clinical trials. The modal design was a descriptive survey or case study ( N = 22 or 42%). Given the limited rigor in research design and invalid measurements, conclusions about improvement in the quality of life for disabled individuals after rehabilitative care could not be drawn from the studies reviewed. It may be concluded that research on quality of life needs to be better designed and should include more uniform and valid criteria.
Further Validation of the Revised Inquiry Mode Questionnaire
Authors: Kienholz Alice , Mishra Rama K. , Hayes Pat , Engel Joyce
Published: August 2011

The 1988 revised version of the Inquiry Mode Questionnaire by Harrison and Bramson was administered to 216 nursing students in the post-RN baccalaureate programs at two universities. The first purpose was to validate further this measure of relative preference in forced-choice format for five main ways of thinking, Synthesist, Idealist, Pragmatist, Analyst, and Realist. Significant differences among thinking styles on analysis of variance with repeated measures supported the tests's predictive validity. There were negative intercorrelations (≥ – 0.40) between opposing styles such as Synthesist/Pragmatist, Synthesist/Realist, Pragmatist/Analyst, and Idealist/Realist. Ninety percent (81 of 90 items) were significant in discriminating among the styles of thinking. The second purpose to ascertain whether nurses show a particular thinking-style preference was confirmed. Nurses in this study preferred the Idealist (37.5%), Realist (36.1%), and Analyst (31%) styles of thinking.
Blood Donor Motivation: A Survey of Minority College Students
Authors: Oswalt Robert , Gordon Jennifer
Published: August 2011

Ninety-five percent of all blood donors are Caucasian. To investigate why minorities are under-represented as blood donors, a random sample of 120 minority college students were surveyed about attitudes and behavior regarding blood donations. This sample of minority students had donated blood at the same rate (33%) and for the same positive motivation (altruism) and negative motivations (for those who did not donate—fear, medical excuses, didn't think of it, no time) as Caucasian donors. The low rate of blood donations by minorities is not due to their membership in ethnic groups per se, but to other variables such as education and socioeconomic level. A recruitment strategy based on the results of this study is presented.
University: A Venue for Sex Differences?
Authors: Roberts Patricia , Scott Lorraine , Baluch Bahman
Published: August 2011

Psychologists interested in exploring differences between sexes on various aspects of human behaviour most often employ undergraduate (psychology) students as subjects. Here, in spite of reported evidence suggesting significant differences between sexes on attitudes towards arcade games, for 24 men and 24 women university students, no significant sex differences were observed. Generalisability of research on psychological aspects of such sex differences based solely on an undergraduate population may be questioned.
To Die with Your Boots On: Relative Lethality of the States
Authors: Thorson James A.
Published: August 2011

External causes of death (accidents, suicides, and homicides) account for slightly more than seven percent of all deaths in the United States. This percentage varies, however, from less than five percent in Rhode Island to almost fifteen percent in New Mexico and over twenty-five percent in Alaska. Relative lethality from external causes among the states is examined, and several explanatory hypotheses for observed differences are presented.
Use of Contingency Contracting to Increase On-Task Behavior with Primary Students
Authors: Allen Linda J. , Howard Vikki F. , Sweeney William J. , McLaughlin T. F.
Published: August 2011

The effectiveness of contingency contracting to improve the on-task behavior of 3 primary-age students was evaluated using an ABABA single-subject replication design. The contract was developed by the teacher and the consequences were selected by the students. Increases in on-task behavior were observed each time that the contingency contracts were in effect. This study has important implications for the use of contracting with primary school children.
Tolerance for Ambiguity, Uncertainty Audit Qualifications and Bankers' Perceptions
Authors: Tsui Judy
Published: August 2011

Using 24 bankers as volunteer subjects, this study examined the effects of tolerance for ambiguity, a personality variable, on bankers' perceptions of loan risk. Subjects who were classified as scoring high and low on tolerance for ambiguity on the basis of a median score split on MacDonald's version of Rydell and Rosen's scale were given identical financial information about a company including a footnote disclosure on an uncertainty regarding pending litigation and a “subject to” audit qualification. They were requested to estimate interest rate premiums they would recommend for a loan application. The subjects' estimates of interest rate premiums were used to operationalize loan risk. Tolerance for ambiguity affected subjects' perceptions of loan risk, with individuals low on tolerance for ambiguity requiring higher interest rate premiums than individuals high on tolerance for ambiguity.
Candidates' Perceived Height and Voters' Preference in the 1992 Presidential Election
Authors: Desautels Jacqueline , Ellis Lee
Published: August 2011

In 1960 a significant tendency was reported for prospective voters to judge the US presidential candidate they favored as significantly taller than the candidate they did not favor. The present study was designed to replicate this finding in the 1992 presidential elections. 245 college students completed a brief questionnaire on their voting intentions and estimated the height of all three leading candidates. While findings were generally in the predicted direction, tendencies to over-estimate the relative height of one's favorite candidate were not statistically significant.
Presentation of Humor and Facilitation of a Relaxation Response among Internal and External Scorers on Rotter's Scale
Authors: Prerost Frank J.
Published: August 2011

40 men and 40 women categorized on the dimension of locus of control were measured for relaxation following exposure to humorous or nonhumorous stimuli. Internal scorers showed enhanced relaxation during subsequent measurement of biofeedback.
Effect of Word Processing on Students' Grades and Evaluation of Instruction in Freshman Composition
Authors: Rohde Renate I.
Published: August 2011

The effect of word processing on students' grades and evaluation of instruction was studied by testing 235 students in 15 sections of freshman composition. Word-processing sections wrote and revised their papers on the Macintosh Plus, while traditionally taught sections used paper, pencil, and typewriter. At the end of the semester responses to a 15-item scale for evaluation of instructor and course indicated that students in the word-processing sections had more positively expressed attitudes than those in the traditionally taught sections. There was no significant difference between the two modes of instruction on course grades.
Measurement Trends in Family Research
Authors: Lindholm Byron W. , Touliatos John
Published: August 2011

Examination of techniques of family measurement described in the research literature showed various trends for the total number of instruments constructed over the past 60 years as well as their type, area of content, and measurement targets.
Agoraphobic Behavior in Daily Life: Effects of Social Roles and Demographic Characteristics
Authors: Dijkman-Caes Chantal I. M. , De Vries Marten W. , Kraan Herro F. , Volovics Alexander
Published: August 2011

Agoraphobia is related to demographic characteristics and social roles. To unravel behavioral aspects from demographic characteristics, daily life situations were registered with the Experience Sampling Method for 65 panic patients with and without agoraphobia. Surprisingly, panic patients with and without agoraphobia did not differ as hypothesized in reported frequencies of visits to public places. Panic subjects with agoraphobia did, however, spend significantly more time at home and with their families than did panic patients without agoraphobia and normal controls. When adjusted for demographic variables such as sex, marital status, family life, and employment, no significant differences between panic patients with and without agoraphobia emerged on the avoidance variables of remaining at home or being with a family member. The lack of discrimination of the diagnosis on these crucial behavioral variables highlights the influence of demographic characteristics and social roles on agoraphobia in daily life. Such findings challenge current diagnostic conceptualizations that rely on retrospective reports by patients of the avoidance of public places. Moreover, reliance on retrospective reports obscured the important role of significant others for understanding etiology and course.
Self-Defeating Personality, Depression, and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents
Authors: Lester David , Schaeffler Janice
Published: August 2011

Scores on a measure of the self-defeating personality were associated with scores on depression and current suicidal ideation in both high school ( n = 65) and college students ( n = 55) and, for the college students, contributed significantly along with depression scores to the prediction of suicidal ideation.
On the Roles of Control and Outcomes in Procedural Justice
Authors: Wagstaff Graham F. , Kelhar Suzanne
Published: August 2011

Previous research has indicated that, in legal situations, regardless of trial outcome, an adversarial procedure may be preferred to an inquisitorial procedure because the former promotes a greater sense of control. This might suggest that fairness in procedures and fairness in outcomes are independent. Results presented here, however, indicated that, although an adversarial procedure was preferred to an inquisitorial one, when the specific issue of fairness was paramount, the perceived likelihood that the procedure would produce an appropriate outcome was judged more important than the control the procedure allowed.
Speculation Contrasting Experiences of World War II and U.S. Servicemen of the Vietnam Era in Southeast Asia
Authors: Knox Wilma J.
Published: August 2011

Clinical experience with veterans leads to the speculation that there was deliberate promotion of drug use during the Vietnam War which may account for the markedly greater drug addiction evident in comparing Vietnam and World War II veterans. Returning home within a few days of combat rather than slowly by sea may have removed an opportunity to discuss and reflect on war experiences.
Sex Differences in Socially Responsible Consumers' Behavior
Authors: Roberts James A.
Published: August 2011

Using an improved measure of consumers' socially responsible behavior, testing a national sample of 1,503 consumers and being guided by Eagly's 1987 social role theory of sex-based differences in social behavior, support was found for the contention that women exhibit more concern for others and society as consumers in their behavior and decision making.
Sex Differences in Romantic Love Attitudes among College Students
Authors: Cimbalo Richard S. , Novell Deora O.
Published: August 2011

Previous research, using factor analysis, derived seven dimensions of romantic love. We sought to address whether these dimensions differed in importance for women and men. Specifically, it was hypothesized that women would consider Marriage and Family, Traditional Romantic Behavior, Routine Activities, and Religion, and men would consider Sexual Behavior, Aberrant Sex, and Drugs as more romantic. These specific predictions were seen as consistent with the ‘double standard’ regarding sex, i.e., it should be more important for men, and with an earlier theory we developed in which it was argued that in addition to the ‘double standard’ for sex, security-related stimuli should be more important for women. The results were entirely consistent with our predictions.
Experiencing a Given Base of Power as a Reward or Punishment
Authors: Tjosvold Dean
Published: August 2011

Survey data from 27 students suggest cognitions of those subject to power affect their conclusions about whether a power base is a reward or punishment.
Predictive Validity of the Graduate Record Examination Advanced Psychology Test for Graduate Grades
Authors: House J. Daniel , Johnson James J.
Published: August 2011

The purposes of this study were to investigate the predictive validity of the GRE Advanced Psychology Test and to assess the effects of program area on the relationship between test scores and students' grades. Test scores were significantly correlated with grades for the entire sample of 293 ( r = .41, p < .01) but did not predict grades similarly for all program areas. The correlations obtained for each program area were .10 ( n = 95) for clinical psychology, .56 ( n = 71, p < .01) for counseling psychology, .39 ( n = 58, p < .01) for school psychology, and .48 ( n = 69, p < .01) for general/experimental psychology.
Cognitive Functioning, Family History of Alcoholism, and Antisocial Behavior in Female Polydrug Abusers
Authors: Rodríguez Marina
Published: August 2011

Family history of alcoholism and antisocial behaviour had both independent and synergic negative relationships with abstract verbal reasoning for a group of 42 female polydrug abusers whose main drug was heroin. This finding suggests that the observed lower cognitive performance may reflect the family history of alcoholism or antisocial behaviour rather than just drug abuse and is consistent with theories predicting a relative deficiency in high language skill by persons with antisocial personality disorders.
The Influence of Sex Guilt on Mood State following Exposure to Sexual Stimuli
Authors: Prerost Frank J.
Published: August 2011

90 male subjects with high or low sex guilt were exposed to sexual music videos, rock videos, or a neutral travelogue before assessment of mood states. Scores on Elation, Vigor, and Aggression scales were significantly affected by video presentations when sex guilt was considered.
Fluctuations in Mood State and Learning and Retrieval
Authors: Philpot Vincent D. , Madonna Stephen
Published: August 2011

The present study investigated whether learning and retrieval are associated with changes in mood state. 50 college students (20 men and 30 women) were assigned to one of five treatment conditions: Happy-Happy, Sad-Sad, Neutral-Neutral, Happy-Sad, and Sad-Happy Mood was induced via the Velten procedure. During the first mood-induction phase, students were exposed to a serial-learning task and recall trial, followed by a digit-symbol task. In the next phase, students were given a 5-min. muscle-relaxation exercise and a 5-min. distracting task. In the final phase, students underwent a second mood-induction phase, and a subsequent recall trial and digit-symbol task. Analyses indicated that recall was significantly greater in the Happy-Happy and Sad-Sad groups. Findings for the Neutral-Neutral group were mixed. Results are discussed in terms of support for the concept of context-related, mood-state-dependent recall.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: XCVI. Psychology in Communist and Postcommunist Czechoslovakia: Toward a Synthesis
Authors: Brožek Josef , Hoskovec Jiří
Published: August 2011

In psychology, the effects of the anti-Communist “Velvet Revolution” of November, 1989 were profound, complex, and for the most part positive. Our initial communication in 1990 stressed the need to replace “the old structures” in a variety of psychological institutions and organs. Subsequent partial accounts represented conference reports (Hoskovec & Brožek, 1992; Hoskovec, Kováč, & Brožek, in press). Here, following comment on prior history, we cover several aspects of the developments through 1992: teaching and learning, research institutions, publications (with special reference to journals), professional associations, and psychological services.
Attitudes about Reality and College Students' Opinions about Nuclear War
Authors: Columbus Peter J.
Published: August 2011

89 college students' scores on an Attitudes about Reality scale delineating attitudes on a social constructionist-logical positivist spectrum were correlated with those on a questionnaire concerning opinions about nuclear war. Correlations indicated students more oriented toward the logical positivist attitude more strongly endorsed the ideas that medical help would be available after a nuclear attack (– .32), fallout shelters would increase survivability (– .35), nuclear weapons effectively deter war (– .19) and space weapons could defend against a nuclear attack (– .20). Students more oriented toward the social constructionist position were more likely to endorse a nuclear weapons freeze (– .20).
Psychometric Properties of the Internal Control Index
Authors: Jacobs Keith W.
Published: August 2011

The Internal Control Index of Duttweiler was administered to 85 college students and scores were analyzed to study the psychometric properties of the instrument. Descriptive statistics were similar to those reported for other college samples. An internal consistency (coefficient alpha) of .82 was found. An item analysis supported the use of a single total score as a psychometrically sound measure. Further use of the Internal Control Index across a variety of settings seems appropriate.
Risk-Taking: A Motivational Basis for Sex Differences
Authors: Arch Elizabeth C.
Published: August 2011

No current explanation about the bases for human action adequately accounts for the persistence of differences between the public achievement of women and men. An argument is presented here that underlying many of these differences are variations in the responses of males and females to situations perceived as risky. It is postulated that in such situations males are more likely to see a challenge that calls forth participation while females tend to respond as to a threat in ways that encourage avoidance of the risk. Application of this idea provides coherence to many disparate and sometimes anomalous findings and suggests lines of investigation that may prove to be fruitful.
Comprehensiveness of Strategic Planning: The Importance of Heterogeneity of a Top Team
Authors: Bantel Karen A.
Published: August 2011

A conceptual model linking the demographic heterogeneity of the top management team to comprehensiveness of strategic planning is developed. Planning comprehensiveness is one of the key dimensions underlying the dominant models of formulation of strategy, consistent with the tradition of “synoptic” strategic planning. Drawing on group process theory, heterogeneity among team members in outlooks and perspectives, represented by their demographic backgrounds, is expected to stimulate an open, broad, and challenge-oriented approach to the process of strategic planning, consistent with comprehensiveness. Heterogeneity on five characteristics—age, organizational tenure, team tenure, functional background, and educational curriculum—was included. Also discussed are the complexities of managing the group process of a heterogeneous team and additional influences, external to the team, on the comprehensiveness of strategic planning.
Assessment of Three-Year-Olds with the Stanford-Binet Fourth Edition
Authors: Johnson Dale L. , Howie V. M. , Owen Mary , Baldwin Constance D. , Luttman David
Published: August 2011

The Stanford-Binet, Fourth Edition was normed for children 30 months of age and older, but its usefulness with young children (e.g., 36 months) has received little attention. This study of 121 three-year-old children examined possible administration problems, provided correlations with three environmental measures, and compared scores with those of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised. Problems of administration did arise on some subtests, correlations with environmental measures were moderate, and scores on the Stanford-Binet IV and PPVT—R were moderately correlated. The Stanford-Binet IV is a useful test in assessment of a broad range of intellectual abilities.
Psychotherapy for Vietnam-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Motta Robert W.
Published: August 2011

There are a wide range of psychotherapeutic treatments for Vietnam-related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. This paper reviews some of the more commonly used interventions which are the behavioral, psychodynamic, family, and group therapies. Commonalities among these diverse treatments are shown to involve reconfronting trauma stimuli and the attempt to reintegrate traumatic experiences into ongoing personality functioning. It is shown that there are virtually no methodologically sound, empirically based studies that compare two or more treatments within a given study. Experimentally controlled, comparative studies are needed to advance our knowledge of effective treatments of this disorder.
Cognitive Abilities and Lipomyelomeningocele
Authors: Friedrich William N. , Shurtleff David B. , Shaffer Joyce
Published: August 2011

Ten children with lipomyelomeningocele were evaluated with the WISC—R, the Wide Range Achievement Test—Revised, the Developmental Test of Visual-motor Integration, and the Child Behavior Checklist. These children were consecutive referrals to a birth defects clinic. Unlike their meningomyelocele counterparts, as a group these children appear to be average in their intellectual, academic, and behavioral characteristics. However, they exhibited low average perceptual motor skills, a feature more commonly seen in meningomyelocele.
Accurate Knowledge about Suicide and Personality
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Accuracy of knowledge about suicide was not related to scores on a brief test of extraversion and neuroticism for a sample of 56 male and 101 female college students.
Learning Styles are Content Specific and Probably Influenced by Content Areas Studied
Authors: Westman Alida S.
Published: August 2011

To investigate whether use of a learning style depends on content area, 67 seniors in college were given Schmeck's Deep and Elaborative Processing scales, the Repression-Sensitization Scale, and the Flexibility scale of the California Psychological Inventory. Scores on both the Deep and Elaborative Processing scales correlated with those on the Repression-Sensitization Scale and not with those on the Flexibility scale. Learning style depends on content area. Study of foreign languages correlated with Deep Processing, and this suggests that further study of development and change in learning styles might concentrate on this and possibly other content areas.
Sexual Permissiveness and Religious Orientation
Authors: Wann Daniel L.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the relationship between religious orientation and premarital sexual permissiveness for males and females whose ages ranged from 16 to 54 years. It was hypothesized and found that persons with an intrinsic religious orientation ( n = 48) tended to be less permissive than persons classified as indiscriminately proreligious ( n = 40). Further, both groups were less permissive than extrinsically religious subjects ( n = 63).
Loneliness and its Relationship with Misery
Authors: Andersson Lars
Published: August 2011

Loneliness has been shown to be related to a number of negative factors; however, when partial correlations are applied many relationships turn out to be spurious.
Animistic Thinking in Psychotic versus Conduct-Disordered Hospitalized Adolescents
Authors: Atlas Jeffrey A. , Miller Alec L. , Arsenio William F.
Published: August 2011

25 adolescents showing a Psychotic-spectrum Disorder were compared with 24 adolescents showing Conduct Disorder on a task eliciting reasons for attributing life to an ambiguous pictorial stimulus (dough on a beach). Consistent with expectations from earlier research, the psychotic adolescents showed greater modes of animistic thinking (attributions of life to nonlife forms) than conduct-disordered youth, associated with theorized merging between self and the nonhuman environment. Implications are discussed.
Predictors of Beliefs about Money
Authors: Kirkcaldy Bruce , Furnham Adrian
Published: August 2011

This study was done to examine the causal structure of attitudinal variables that relate to beliefs about money. In all 306 subjects completed various questionnaires measuring the work ethic, achievement motivation, mastery, competitiveness, conformity, and beliefs about money. Path analysis indicated the variables of work ethic, conformity, and mastery operated indirectly through the mediating effect on achievement motivation, competitiveness, and beliefs about money. Factors such as work ethic, mastery, and achievement appear to have a direct causal effect on competitiveness. Ultimately in our culture, monetary success is a result of successful competitiveness.
Career Indecision of Demobilized Soldiers in Israel
Authors: Elaad Ilana
Published: August 2011

The primary concern was to evaluate the career indecision of Israeli demobilized soldiers who attended a workshop designed to help them in making an educational-vocational choice. Toward this end the Career Decision Scale was given. The workshop was effective in reducing educational and vocational indecision of 39 who completed the scale two times by comparison with those of a control group of 53 soldiers. With respect to the different factors of the scale, the workshop provided solutions for the participants' need to gather more information and the enhancement of confidence in approaching the task of vocational decision making. The workshop was not useful in dealing with problems such as approach-approach conflicts, external barriers, and personal conflicts which also can reduce ability to decide.
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment of Felony Drug Offenders: A Five-Year Recidivism Report
Authors: Little Gregory L. , Robinson Kenneth D. , Burnette Katherine D.
Published: August 2011

70 male felony offenders treated with the cognitive behavioral approach of Moral Reconation Therapy during and after reincarceration were assessed for reincarceration and rearrests five years after their release. They were compared to a nontreated control group of 82 male felony offenders. Reincarceration in the treated group (37.1%) was significantly lower than recidivism in controls (54.9%). Also, the treated group showed fewer rearrests and fewer days of additional sentence.
Attitudes towards a Blind Counselor and Perceived Effectiveness
Authors: Fletcher Claudette , Nystul Michael S.
Published: August 2011

Attitudes towards a blind counselor and perceived effectiveness were evaluated using a videotape of a simulated counseling session. One group were told the counselor was a blind doctoral student whereas control participants were informed that the counselor was a doctoral student. Participants were then administered the Disability Factor Scale/B and the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory. Analysis showed no difference in groups' scores on the Disability Factor Scale/B. A significant difference was obtained on one of the four scales of the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory, i.e., the blind counselor was perceived to show significantly more unconditional regard.
On the Subject of a Divided Europe: A Preliminary Survey of a Sample of UK University Students
Authors: Ellis Patricia , Baluch Bahman
Published: August 2011

40 men and 40 women university students responded to a questionnaire in which were assessed their attitudes towards the future of Europe as nations divided along political grounds or ethnicity. Half of the items on the questionnaire assessed the extent to which respondents consider the issue of ethnicity (e.g., language, flag, culture) as a factor important to such a division. The other half were directed to evaluating respondents' views on whether the political gains should be considered were European nations to divide. Analysis showed that respondents considered the issue of ethnicity a more motivating force for division than politics. Moreover, there were significant gender differences, with men showing significantly stronger positive views on both issues of ethnicity and politics than women.
Young Children's Meaning in Life
Authors: Taylor Shelby J. , Ebersole Peter
Published: August 2011

A decade ago DeVogler and Ebersole reported that young adolescents were able to express the fact that they had personal meaning in their lives. In the present study we found that even younger children (26 first graders) could do so also when personal meaning was defined to them as that which in their whole life is most important to them. The high frequency of those reporting a personal meaning goes against the position that a large percentage of individuals in our modern society lack personal meaning.
Parental Evaluation of the Living Smart Sexuality Education Program
Authors: Young Michael , Core-Gebhart Pennie
Published: August 2011

Parents completed 75 of 200 distributed questionnaires designed to elicit information about their perceptions of the Living Smart program, attitudes toward sexuality, and perceptions of their child's sexual behavior. Analysis indicated support for the course and provided additional information concerning parental support for the program and parental attitudes toward and perceptions of their own child's sexuality.
Factors Related to Attribution of Blame in Father-Daughter Incest
Authors: McKenzie Barbara J. , Calder Peter
Published: August 2011

Attribution of blame in father-daughter incest using the Jackson Incest Blame Scale and the Attitudes Towards Incest Scale—Revised was investigated through a questionnaire mailed to a random sample of the general adult population. 300 respondents completed the questionnaires (207 women, 93 men). Based on factor analyses, five blame subscales were identified for the Jackson Incest Blame Scale, i.e., Victim, Situational, Societal, Offender, and Offender Mental Status, the last being unique to this study. Ratings by men attributed more blame on the Victim and Situational subscales than did those by women. Scores for 51 victims of childhood sexual abuse on the Jackson Incest Blame Scale did not differ from those of 249 nonvictims. Scores on subscales of the Attitudes Towards Incest Scale—Revised (Credibility, Power, Parental Role, Victimization) were moderately correlated with ratings on Jackson's scale. More total blame and more blame of victim were associated with lower rated credibility towards a claim of incest; lower rated blame of victim was related to greater recognition of the incestuous father's coercive role.
Personal Names as a Psychological Variable
Authors: Joubert Charles E.
Published: August 2011

This article reviewed the empirically based research on given names in several areas. The preferences for personal names were discussed in terms of variables such as the frequency of occurrence of the name and characteristics of the preferee such as sex, age, race, and religion. Liking of one's own names was related to some variables, including self-esteem. Unusual names apparently do have some effect, often a negative one. Personal names tend to have certain stereotypes associated with age, intelligence, attractiveness, and other dimensions. These stereotypes may in turn yield positive or negative consequences; however, their influence may be limited by other variables. The research on self-presentation by means of personal names and titles was also discussed. Additional topics covered included the effects of nicknames, sexually ambiguous or misleading names, being named for another person, and alphabetical position of surname.
Androgyny and Differences in Fantasy Patterns
Authors: Turner Robert L. , Fakouri M. E.
Published: August 2011

The relationship between sex-typing (androgynous vs traditional) and differences in fantasies of 19 men and 37 women was investigated. They completed May's test as a measure of fantasy pattern and the Bern Sex-role Inventory to ascertain sex-type. Analysis indicated that, while fantasy patterns were related to gender as expected from May's work, they were not related to sex-typing.
Further Factor Analysis of Hood's Mysticism Scale
Authors: Hood Ralph W. , Morris Ronald J. , Watson P.J.
Published: August 2011

An adequate sample of 740 students was employed to establish a three-factor structure for Hood's Mysticism Scale compatible with the conceptual work of Stace from which scale items were initially derived.
Relationships between Assertiveness, Machiavellianism, and Interviewing Success in a Screening Interview
Authors: White Charles S.
Published: August 2011

Interviewing success was hypothesized to be a function of the interviewee's assertiveness and Machiavellianism. 122 undergraduate business and psychology students conducted mock screening interviews in a laboratory setting. Assertiveness was associated with interviewing success. Neither the interviewers' nor the interviewees' Machiavellianism scores were related to outcomes. The results were independent of subjects' gender and race.
Anglo- and Hispanic-Americans' Performance on the Family Attitude Scale and its Implications for Improving Measurements of Acculturation
Authors: Negy Charles
Published: August 2011

The present study examined whether the Family Attitude Scale, which measures family and socialization values, can be used to measure Hispanic-Americans' acculturation. This goal was in response to the criticism that many popular acculturation measures rely excessively on language preference and generation status from which one's acculturation is inferred instead of being assessed more specifically. Analysis indicated that 62 Anglo-Americans responded significantly differently than 61 Hispanic-Americans on four of the eight Family Attitude subscales but that the latter group's scores on the popularly used Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican-Americans did not significantly correlate with their Family Attitude Scale scores. Implications for improving acculturation measures are discussed.
On the Meaning of Movement Responses on the Rorschach
Authors: Frank George
Published: August 2011

Research assessing the presumed meanings of M, FM, or m was examined. Since the research did not support the presumed meanings of M, FM, or m, it could be concluded that any interpretation of the psychological meaning of these movement responses is being done on the basis of unsubstantiated belief. Strategies of research to explore the meaning(s) of the various movement responses were discussed.
Intelligence and Suicide in France: An Ecological Study
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

In 1970, mean intelligence test scores and membership in an elite French institute were not associated with suicide rates over French Departments.
Stability of Cognitive Style in Adults and Some Implications, a Longitudinal Study of the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory
Authors: Clapp R. G.
Published: August 2011

This study ( N = 69) confirms the longer term stability (test-retest over 3.5 years) of Kirton's Adaption-Innovation Cognitive Style concept. Earlier test-retest studies were limited to periods of up to 1.5 years, although longer term stability (implied by, for example, consistent item-factor loadings across samples from different countries and organisations) was expected. The longer term stability was supported in this study by a test-retest coefficient of 0.82. This finding indicates clearly that studies and organisational interventions which have the objective of modifying this individual style preference will, by implication, fail. If any training intervention is to be regarded as successful, then overt behaviour rather than personal preference must be addressed. More attention must now be paid to Kirton's notion of “coping behaviour” and the ways available for reducing the psychological expense to the individual when overt behaviour needs to be different from personal preference.
Predicting Hypnotic Susceptibility via a Phenomenological Approach
Authors: Forbes Elizabeth J. , Pekala Ronald J.
Published: August 2011

The hypnotic susceptibility of 300 nursing students was predicted via an instrument called the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory. The students experienced the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility and subsequently completed the self-report inventory with reference to their experience of hypnosis. Regression analyses generated a multiple R of .67 between subjects' susceptibility, as measured by the Harvard scale, and their predicted susceptibility, based on the (sub)dimensions of the inventory. Additional analyses gave a validity coefficient of .61 between the Harvard scale scores of the subjects in the present study and their predicted scores, using regression coefficients obtained in an earlier study. The results replicated previous research and suggest that the inventory may be a useful instrument in predicting hypnotic susceptibility in a less obtrusive fashion than the Harvard scale.