bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Charge and field driven integrated optical modulators: comparative analysis: opinion
Authors: Khurgin Jacob B. , Sorger Volker J. , Amin Rubab
Published: March 2022

Electro optic modulators being key for many signal processing systems must adhere to requirements given by both electrical and optical constraints. Distinguishing between charge driven (CD) and field driven (FD) designs, we answer the question of whether fundamental performance benefits can be claimed of modulators based on emerging electro-optic materials. Following primary metrics, we compare the performance of emerging electro-optic and electro-absorption modulators such as graphene, transparent conductive oxides, and Si, based on charge injection with that of the ‘legacy’ FD modulators, such as those based on lithium niobate and quantum confined Stark effect. We show that for rather fundamental reasons and when considering energy and speed only, FD modulators always outperform CD ones in the conventional wavelength scale photonic waveguides. However, for waveguides featuring a sub-wavelength optical mode, such as those assisted by plasmonics, the emerging CD devices are indeed highly competitive especially for applications where component-density on-chip is a factor.
Broadband pyramid antireflective structure on chalcogenide glasses by the hot embossing method for infrared photonics
Authors: Li Lizhu , Ari Julien , Deymier Pierre A. , Lucas Pierre
Published: March 2022

Pyramidal antireflective structures were produced by hot embossing single- and double-sides of an amorphous GeSe4 optical element. The optical performances were measured across the wavelength range from 2 µm to 15 µm. The transmittance at normal incident angle was increased up to 75.6% and 79.8% for single and double-side embossing respectively. The experimental results were in close agreement with simulation performed using the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA). Theoretical models also predicted well the transmittance changes as a function of incident angle from 0 ° to 50 ° at a fixed laser wavelength of 5.1 µm. A Fabry-Perot interferometer consisting of two single surface embossed samples is proposed.
Higher-order valley vortices enabled by synchronized rotation in a photonic crystal
Authors: Zhou Rui , Lin Hai , Wu Yanjie , Li Zhifeng , Yu Zihao , Liu Y. , Xu Dong-Hui
Published: March 2022

Synchronized rotation of unit cells in a periodic structure provides a novel design perspective for manipulation of band topology. We then design a two-dimensional version of higher-order topological insulator (HOTI) by such rotation in a triangular photonic lattice with

C

3

symmetry. This HOTI supports the hallmark zero-dimensional corner states and, simultaneously, the one-dimensional edge states. We also find that our photonic corner states carry chiral orbital angular momenta locked by valleys, whose wave functions are featured by the phase vortex (singularity) positioned at the maximal Wyckoff points. Moreover, when excited by a fired source with various frequencies, the valley topological states of both one-dimensional edges and zero-dimensional corners emerge simultaneously. Extendable to higher or synthetic dimensions, our paper provides access to a chiral vortex platform for HOTI realizations in the terahertz photonic system.
Assessing quality of care in maternity services in low and middle-income countries: Development of a Maternity Patient Reported Outcome Measure
Authors: Dickinson Fiona M. , Madaj Barbara , Muchemi Onesmus M. , Ameh Charles
Published: March 2022

Globally, low and middle-income countries bear the greatest burden of maternal and newborn mortality. To reduce these high levels, the quality of care provided needs to be improved. This study aimed to develop a patient reported outcome measure for use in maternity services in low and middle-income countries, to facilitate improvements in quality of care. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups discussions were conducted with women who had recently given birth in selected healthcare facilities in Malawi and Kenya. Transcripts of these were analysed using a thematic approach and analytic codes applied. Draft outcomes were identified from the data, which were reviewed by a group of clinical experts and developed into a working copy of the Maternity Patient Reported Outcome Measure (MPROM). A further sample of new mothers were asked to evaluate the draft MPROM during cognitive debriefing interviews, and their views used to revise it to produce the final proposed measure. Eighty-three women were interviewed, and 44 women took part in 10 focus group discussions. An array of outcomes was identified from the data which were categorised under the domains of physical and psychological symptoms, social issues, and baby-related health outcomes. The draft outcomes were configured into 79 questions with answers provided using a five-point Likert scale. Minor revisions were made following cognitive debriefing interviews with nine women, to produce the final proposed MPROM. In conjunction with women from the target population and clinical experts, this study has developed what is believed to be the first condition-specific PROM suitable for assessing care quality in maternity services in low and middle-income countries. Following further validation studies, it is anticipated that this will be a useful tool in facilitating improvements in the quality of care provided to women giving birth in healthcare facilities in these settings.
Effectiveness of practical lab classes of basic sciences for doctors during clinical practice: KAP
Authors: Zaeem Muhammad , Javed Hafiz Muhammad Faizan , Ashraf Usama , Shahzad Muhammad Umar , Sajjad Talha Asif, Zaroon Bin , Ain Noor-Ul- , sajjad Saleeha , Ehsan Sumera
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study is to assess how beneficial are practical lab classes of basic sciences for medical practitioners during their clinical practice.
ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS USING BIODIVERSITY IN ECOSYSTEM AREAS NGAWI DISTRICT MANTINGAN FOREST
Authors: Larmintho Rudy Bintoro Hari
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the characteristics of communities that take advantage of diversity life in the Ecosystem Forest free district Ngawi . Research location covering the villages of Jatimulyo, Kedungharjo, Mantingan, Pakah Pengkol, Sambirejo and Tambakboyo. Sixth village the is in the District free district Ngawi . Data analysis techniques used include descriptive analysis and analysis of strength of association. Research findings indicate that the characteristics of respondents in utilizing the forest include age, income, education, number of dependents, occupation and distance from house to forest. Respondents aged 25-30 years (35.8%) are the largest age group in taking forest resources. Most of the community income groups from using the forest ranged from Rp. 151,000 to Rp. 300,000 (42.6%). The largest respondent who took forest resources had family dependents of more than 6 people (29.6%). Farmers' groups make the most use of forest products, 48.1%. As many as 38.9% of respondents use the forest within a distance of 0.51-1 km from their homes. The largest extraction of forest resources is in the form of firewood with a proportion reaching 40.7%. Based on an analysis of the strength of the association shows that there are five independent variables that affect the composition of resource use biological forests, each with a Cramer's . value V for variable age (0.409), education (0.247), income (0.333), number of dependents family (0.388), occupation (0.400) and distance from house to forest (0.434). The distance variable shows the most dominant strength for influencing respondents in utilizing resources forest, with a Cramer's V value of 0.434
THE EFFECT OF CAPITAL, RAW MATERIALS, TECHNOLOGY AND LABOR ON THE VALUE OF PRODUCTION IN MICRO ENTERPRISES IN MAGETAN DISTRICT
Authors: Susanto Andik
Published: March 2022

The goal of this study was to examine the impact of capital, raw materials, technology, and labor on the output value of micro-enterprises in Magetan Regency. The population in this study consisted of 32 micro-enterprises in Magetan Regency that were chosen based on specific criteria. Documentation is used in data collecting strategies. The data analysis approach employs multiple linear regression analysis, regression coefficient analysis, determination analysis, and hypothesis testing (t test and F test). The study found that (1) capital has a positive and significant effect on the production value of micro-enterprises in Magetan Regency; (2) raw materials have a positive and significant effect on the production value of micro-enterprises in Magetan Regency; (3) technology has no positive and significant effect on the production value of micro-enterprises in Magetan Regency; and (4) labor has a positive and significant effect on the production value of micro-enterprises in Magetan Regency
Improving Peary Caribou Presence Predictions in MaxEnt Using Spatialized Snow Simulations
Authors: Martineau Chloé , Langlois Alexandre , Gouttevin Isabelle , Neave Erin , Johnson Cheryl A.
Published: March 2022

The Arctic has warmed at twice the global average over recent decades, which has led to a reduction in the spatial extent and mass balance of snow. The increase in occurrence of winter extreme events such as rain-on-snow, blizzards, and heat waves has a significant impact on snow thickness and density. Dense snowpack conditions can decrease or completely prevent foraging by Peary caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi) by creating “locked pastures,” a situation where forage is present but not accessible under snow or ice. Prolonged and severe weather events have been linked to poor body condition, malnutrition, high adult mortality, calf losses, and major population die-offs in Peary caribou. Previous work has established the link between declines in Peary caribou numbers in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and snow conditions, however these efforts have been limited by the quality and resolution of data describing snow physical properties in the Arctic. Here, we 1) investigate whether a snow model adapted for the Antarctic (SNOWPACK) can produce snow simulations relevant to Canadian High Arctic conditions, and 2) test snow model outputs to determine their utility in predicting Peary caribou occurrence with MaxEnt modelling software. We model Peary caribou occurrence across three seasons: July – October (summer forage and rut), November – March (fall movement and winter forage), and April – June (spring movement and calving). Results of snow simulations using the Antarctic SNOWPACK model demonstrated that both top and bottom density values were greatly improved when compared to simulations using the original version developed for alpine conditions. Results were also more consistent with field measurements using the Antarctic model, though it underestimated the top layer density compared to on-site measurements. Modelled outputs including snow depth and CT350 (cumulative thickness of snow layers surpassing the critical density value of 350 kg·m-3; a density threshold relevant to caribou) proved to be important predictors of Peary caribou space use in each of the top seasonal models along with vegetation and elevation. All seasonal models were robust in that they were able to predict reasonably well the occurrence of Peary caribou outside the period used to develop the models. This work highlights the need for continued monitoring of snow conditions with climate change to understand potential impacts to the species’ distribution.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF EDUCATION AS INNOVATION
Authors:   South Ural State University, I.O. Kotlyarova
Published: March 2022

The third decade of the XXI century is characterized by the emergence of the phenomenon of digital transformation of various spheres of human life, including education. Digital transformation is an innovation at the stage of creation, when individual elements and structural fragments of qualitatively new systems appear. As a result, the qualitative characteristics of digital transformation that describe the expected results can be predominantly found in regulatory documents and programs. The aim of this article is to study the digital transformation of education (DTE) as innovation in the field of education using systematic and synergetic approaches. As a global problem of mankind, DTE has been studied in the unity of ontological, epistemological and axiological approaches. The paper describes the current state of the DTE. Generic signs of innovation are defined with respect to DTE. The features of the DTE as a complex system,the functioning of which is subordinate to the system-synergetic principles, have been revealed. Comparison of the concepts of “digitization”, “digitalization”, “digital transformation” in the field of education is carried out. The stages of development of the DTE are presented. The development of the DTE is described in the context of the enactiveness of a complex system and correlation with the sustainable development of the world. The systemic-synergetic properties of the DTE have been determined. Further research is needed to explore humanistic, axiological and ethical aspects of DTE.
THE IMPACT OF MODULAR LEARNING OF ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES ON STUDENTS’ SATISFACTION OF EDUCATION PROCESS
Authors:   South Ural State University, Kolegova I.A. , Levina I.A. ,   South Ural State University
Published: March 2022

The development of the education system in Russia is considered as one of the most important strategic goals of the society. The professionalization of teaching a foreign language at the universities is a global trend. ESP (English for Specific Purposes) has become increasingly important as there has been an increase in vocational training and learning throughout the world. The article reveals the key theoretical and practical aspects of the system of modular learning in the South Ural State University, the Higher School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, as a new design for the teaching and learning cooperation. The principle of modular organization of educational material involves the organization of training in the form of professionally-oriented modules. The paper defines the term “module”, describes the criteria for selecting educational material, outlines the structure of a module and a set of exercises. The aim of our research was to study the satisfaction level of students with the quality of education and to analyze the implementation process of the modular learning. The following tasks were solved: the experience of using modular learning in educational process was analyzed, the level of students’ satisfaction with the quality of education system was evaluated. Theoretical (analysis of modern scientific and methodological literature) and empirical (questionnaire, mathematical processing of the obtained data) methods are applied in the study. The research shows that the implementation of modular learning had a positive impact on students' outcomes and the level of students` satisfaction with the education process increased.
DIGITAL SOCIALIZATION OF A PERSON IN EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State Academy of Culture and Arts, Grevtseva G.Ya.
Published: March 2022

Socialization is one of the most important conditions for the preservation of value orientations of human beings, society traditions, and for the society development. Digital transformation has an impact on the socialization of the individual. Digital technologies are actively used to solve educational problems and socialize a student in a digital environment. The research aims to reveal the cultural meaning of digitalization, which ensures the digital socialization of the student's personality in the educational environment. Literature analysis made it possible to define the term "digital socialization" and to determine its structural components as well as the methods to substantiate pedagogical tools that contribute to the development of digital socialization of a student in education. The conceptual apparatus has been refined. Via interview, observation, survey the author identified the effective forms, methods and means of digital socialization of students. The characteristics of the digital educational environment are presented.The alarming risks and negative consequences of digitalization are identified as well as the advantages of the digital educational environment. The author considers socio-cultural technology and reflectiveevaluative technologies as the most effective ones ensuring the socialization (cyber-socialization) of the individual.
EDUCATION DURING A PANDEMIC
Authors:   Bashkir State Pedagogical University. M. Akmully, Bilolov B.Sh.
Published: March 2022

The paper describes the challenges of education during a pandemic. The transition to distance learning has had an impact on all of the participants of the education process. The purpose of this article is to study the social consequences and education outcomes of the work of the subjects of the educational process in the format of distance learning during 2020–2021. To achieve the goal the author used an interdisciplinary approach, emplying pedagogical and psychological research methods: observation, questioning, interviewing. It was revealed that distance learning format is characterized by the following features: flexible schedule, in which the student studies at a convenient time, quality management of the educational process, innovative learning technologies, and a modular system of learning. The study describes the positive and negative aspects of the organization of distance learning. The study concluded that during the coronavirus pandemic, it is necessary to take a set of measures for the socialization of all the participants in the virtual education space, to create the centers to improve the skills of teachers in the field of infocommunication technologies, and to organize continuing development courses to enhance professional pedagogical communication in a remote learning format.
ENGLISH MEDIUM INSTRUCTION: CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS’ CHALLENGES
Authors:   South Ural State University, Volchenkova K.N. , Al-Darraji H.M.A. ,   South Ural State University
Published: March 2022

Globalization has had a tremendous impact on tertiary education all over the world, prompting many universities in non-native English-speaking countries to develop strategies aimed at raising the quality of the education they offer and increasing their market presence in the international education arena, with English Medium Instruction (EMI) becoming the driving force of internationalization and a prevalent phenomenon in tertiary education. There is irrefutable evidence that English Medium Instruction (EMI) is now a global phenomenon. For the EMI to be successfully implemented at a university both the administration and faculty should be aware of the challenges that international students experience. The challenges have been extensively studied in the literature though there is not a comprehensive classification of EMI challenges. The aim of our study is to analyze the literature on EMI challenges of international students and define the main categories of these challenges. The critical analysis of the literature revealed that the challenges of international students that study at EMI programmes can be divided into four main clusters: linguistic, academic, cultural and social ones. The results of the research can be used to develop language policy of the university and design measures to facilitate international students’ adaptation to a new academic environment. Further research is needed to compare the EMI challenges found in the literature with the challenges that experience international students studying at a Russian university.
SOCIO-CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS AT A RUSSIAN UNIVERSITY: A COMMUNICATIVE ASPECT
Authors:   South Ural State University, Raspaeva G.D. , Markus A.M. ,   South Ural State University, Yaroslavova E.N. ,   South Ural State University
Published: March 2022

The body of international students studying at Russian universities has been growing due to the intensive development of contacts between countries. The requirement to increase the competitiveness of Russian universities in the field of international educational services necessitates the study of the sociocultural adaptation among international students. The research aims to investigate the communicative aspect of socio-cultural adaptation among international students while their study at a Russian educational institution. The authors analyzed the structure of communicative aspect of sociocultural adaptation of international students, identified the difficulties the international students encounter, and considered the forms integrated by SUSU Center for Socio-Cultural Adaptation to develop the communicative aspect. A diagnostic toolkit, including a socio-cultural adaptation scale (SCAS-R), structured interview with the representatives of different ethnic groups, a questionnaire, formalized and informalized conversations were used to identify the difficulties international students encounter. The research shows that the greatest challenges identified are group engagement, language proficiency, and academic adjustment. The influence of forms of inclusion of international students in a different cultural and educational environment integrated by the SUSU Center for Socio-Cultural Adaptation (CSСA) to optimize the adaptation of international students is revealed.
CHALLENGES OF ARAB STUDENTS LEARNING IN RUSSIAN EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   South Ural State University, Belkina O.V. , Kolova S.M. ,   South Ural State University
Published: March 2022

Recent growth of international contacts, expanding globalization in all spheres of life and education, constant increasing number of students from different countries (Arab), the necessity to promote cross-cultural understanding conditions for better adaptation in Russian educational environment make the study relevant. The research aims to identify major socio-cultural, psychological, educational, and language challenges, which Arab students might encounter in Russian tertiary educational environment. The study was conducted among 12 international MA (Philology) students. It employed Hofstede's cultural dimensions’ theory as the leading theoretical framework via qualitative research with the data obtained from the interviews, classroom observations, and a survey. The research examined pivotal issues related to the differences and certain peculiarities of language learning in Iraq as compared to Russia. The gained experience and the data obtained during the three-year study have shown that Iraqi students lack critical thinking skills and analytical abilities due to the dominant deductive approach in language teaching in the home country. The research helped to classify major challenges with regard to expectations and requirements of the Arab students who study in Russian national research university (SUSU).
TEACHER TRAINING IN THE CONTEXT OF LIFELONG EDUCATION
Authors:   Sevastopol State University, Danko Yu.V.
Published: March 2022

The Bologna process ensured the unification of educational systems and cemented the foundations for the European Higher Education Area as an integral system. Currently, pedagogical education is implemented at three levels, the basic of which is the bachelor's level. The system of tertiary pedagogical education and the continuing professional development of acquired competencies can be defined as a crosscutting technology. The paper shows the implementation of lifelong education of teachers in the context of the Bologna process on the example of individual countries. The article reveals the national characteristics of higher pedagogical education, describes the implementation of lifelong education of teachers in the context of the Bologna process on the example of individual countries, identifies the conditions necessary for a graduate to start teaching practice in secondary education. The results of the study are generalization of best practices in national education systems and the identification of conditions for the development of crosscutting competencies in the system of tertiary education.
Pharmacological, biological and phytochemical aspects of Thymus munbyanus Boiss. & Reut.: A review
Authors: Elbouny Hamza , Ouahzizi Brahim , Bouhlali Eimad Dine Tariq , Sellam Khalid , Alem Chakib
Published: March 2022

Thymus munbyanus Boiss. & Reut., is a small shrub endemic to Morocco and Algeria, and it is commonly used to treat several diseases, including digestive, circulatory, genital, skin, urinary, nervous and respiratory diseases. The extracts of this thyme are rich in a wide variety of phenolic compounds such as polyphenols and volatile phenols and exhibit numerous biological activities. The present review summarizes the literature investigations reported on Thymus munbyanus concerning various pharmacological and biological properties as well as phytochemical aspects. This species revealed a richness in phenolic compounds in its volatile oils, including thymol and carvacrol, as well as in its non-volatile extracts including phenolic acids phenolic acids (rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, salvianolic acid, ferulic acid, etc.), flavonoids (luteolin, gallocatechin, quercetin, isorhamnetin, etc.). Moreover, powerful antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were reported for this Thymus species, which are attributed to its richness in bioactive antioxidants. Furthermore, this thyme was found to possess important nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, and tumor cytotoxic properties. In conclusion, Thymus munbyanus is an important natural source of bioactive phenolic compounds that can be used for developing alternative natural drugs for the treatment and prevention of several pathologies.
Impact of celebrity endorsement on attitudes toward voluntary blood donation
Authors: HOUNKPEDJI Koffi
Published: March 2022

The use of celebrities to promote voluntary blood donation is a recurrent practice but no study to our knowledge has addressed the subject. This study showed that he persuasives characteristics of celebrities commonly considered in the commercial field are not all adapted to the social context. Indeed, in the context of solicitation of voluntary blood donation, the study showed that the reliability and notoriety of the celebrity in addition to the feelings of the audience toward him must be the determining attributes. In addition, the results revealed that the reliability and notoriety of the celebrity are the factors that favorably influence the attitude towards voluntary blood donation.
Overhead Grants’ Usage and Educational Institutions in Nigeria: Data Envelopment Analysis Perspective
Authors: Ololade Babatunde Moses , Odewole Philip Olawale , Akande Adesola Adebayo
Published: March 2022

This study appraised the utilization of overhead grants’ efficiency among federal educational institutions in Nigeria between2011-2019. Data for the study were sourced from the Annual Audited Financial Statements of the public sector entities. The sampled size for the study comprised (25) federal educational institutions out of 69 federal educational institutions drawn across the country among four (4) geo-political zones. Data were analyzed using Data Envelopment Analysis. The results of the average efficiency scores from both CCR and BBC models showed that the entities were averagely efficient in overhead grants’ utilization. Overall results showed that federal educational institutions have high capacity to absorb sufficient overhead grants from the center. The study therefore concluded that there is need for an improved overhead grants releases to the federal educational institutions to achieve effective service deliveries of their core mandates. The study recommended a continuous assessment and periodic appraisal of the overhead grants’ utilization among the institutions by their supervising ministry to achieve full efficiency.
Fission product isotope ratios as event characterization tools Part I: Particulate debris, isotopic activity ratios
Authors: Finkelstein Y.
Published: March 2022

The main goal of this work is to develop quantitatively reliable tools that can be used to identify the origin of a nuclear event, e. g. discriminate between a nuclear explosion and an accidental reactor release. A model has been developed, which takes into account the wide range of conditions and parameters, which may exist in connection with nuclear events. Using the model, specific isotope activity ratios are defined, promising to be effective in event characterization, while reducing the influence of various nuclear scenarios to a minimum. Besides, an attempt was made to quantify the concept of “short irradiation reactor” and to set its limits, as related to an event characterization method.
Graphene-substrate fabricated oxides and zinc oxide catalysts for the degradation of the methylene blue in the industrial wastewater
Authors: Khan Adil , Muhammad Sayyar
Published: March 2022

The release of unsafe color dyes into various industrial effluents can harm the environment and human health and therefore needs remediation. The current research assesses the environmental friendly photo-less catalytic performance of zinc oxide/reduced graphene oxide (ZnO/RGO) nanocomposites, prepared via green synthetic route, for the degradation, and decontamination of methylene blue (MB) dye from industrial aqueous effluents and compared with that of zinc oxide (ZnO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The materials were characterized for surface morphology, functional groups, and crystallinity by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, respectively, showing that ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were well-formed on the RGO surface and were having uniform pore sizes and large surface area. The degradation pattern of MB from its 40, 60, 80, and 100 ppm solutions by employing the degradation materials were examined using UV–Visible spectral analysis. The pH before and after the degradation of the MB in all the sample solutions was noted and found to change slightly after the degradation of MB. The results demonstrate that the ZnO/RGO nanocomposites display a better catalytic degradation efficiency (99.57%) as compared to the other degradation materials with the order of efficiency as ZnO/RGO > RGO > H2O2 > ZnO which shows that the degradation efficiency of ZnO (∼14%) can be significantly improved while fabricating its nanocomposite with RGO (99.57%). These findings can be utilized on a large-scale decontamination of dyes from industrial wastes without the involvement of light i.e., photo-less degradation.
Reflexiones sociológicas y antropológicas de solidaridad e intercambios entre los sujetos de la sociedad actual
Authors: Verónica Giménez Alejandra
Published: March 2022

El siguiente trabajo propone analizar, respecto de las formas tradicionales de solidaridad o intercambios de dones, las manifestaciones del fenómeno que han permanecido constantes, las declinaciones y las transformaciones del mismo, enmarcando el estudio en el contexto tanto global como local. Al mismo tiempo se propone realizar un contraste desde diferentes teorías que analizan el fenómeno.
What is the true value of bulk band gap of lithium tetraborate single crystal?
Authors: Burak Ya.V. , Adamiv V.T. , Teslyuk I.M. , Moroz I.Ye. , Malynych S.Z.
Published: March 2022

Substantial variances in the bulk band gap of lithium tetraborate single crystal determined from numerous theoretical calculations as well as from experimental measurements give rise to the problem what is the true value of Eg for that crystal. In this review, we analyze in detail all available theoretical and experimental data regarding the bulk band gap published by different authors and suggest that the experimental value of = (7.5 ± 0.3) eV determined from the optical absorption edge is the most appropriate value. This is in good agreement with Eg = 7.5 eV calculated via modified linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) method.
Heavy hole scattering on intrinsic acceptor defects in cadmium telluride: calculation from the first principles
Authors: Malyk O.P. , Syrotyuk S.V.
Published: March 2022

In the present paper the way to describe the energy spectrum, the wave function and self- consistent potential in a semiconductor with a sphalerite structure at a predetermined temperature is proposed. Using this approach within the framework of the supercell method the temperature dependences of the ionization energy of intrinsic acceptor defects in cadmium telluride are calculated. In addition, on the basis of this method, the temperature dependences of the heavy holes effective mass, optical and acoustic deformation potentials, as well as of the heavy holes scattering parameters on ionized impurities, polar optical, piezooptic and piezoacoustic phonons were established. Within the framework of short-range scattering models the temperature dependences of the heavy hole mobility and Hall factor in CdTe crystals with defects concentrations 5´*1022 -  5*´1024 cm-3 are considered.
The The Crystal Structure of La3Pb0.1Ga1.6S7 and Pr3Pb0.1Ga1.6S7 Compounds
Authors: Blashko N.M. , Smitiukh O.V. , Marchuk O.V.
Published: March 2022

The crystal structure of La3Pb0.1Ga1.6S7 and Pr3Pb0.1Ga1.6S7 compounds was determined by X-ray powder diffraction method. The samples were prepared by solid-solid reactions of the elements at 1370 K. The compounds crystallize in the La3CuSiS7 structure type, space group P63, with the lattice and computation parameters a = 1.01902(3) nm, c = 0.60661(2) nm, RI = 0.0673, RP = 0.1546 (for La3Pb0.1Ga1.6S7) and a = 1.00034(3) nm, c = 0.60587(3) nm, RI = 0.0847, RP = 0.1623 (for Pr3Pb0.1Ga1.6S7). The crystalline structure is described with hexagonal system, in which La(Pr) atoms center trigonal prisms with one additional atom. These prisms are formed by S atoms. The atoms of the statistical mixture M1(0.600 Ga + 0.090 Pb) and M2 (0.59(1) Ga + 0.095(7) Pb) are located practically in the centers of the octahedra of S atoms. Ga atoms are located in tetrahedra of S atoms. Asymmetric structure of the studied compounds points out their non-linear properties. Adding Pb atoms to the structure of La3Ga1.67S(Se)7 compounds increases the probability of formation of the ionic component of the inter-atomic bond, and this in turn improves thermoelectric properties.
Transgressions as a Quest for New Creative Ideas in Articles in French
Authors: Litvinavičienė Inga
Published: March 2022

Kate Averis, Eglė Kačkutė & Catherine Mao. 2021. Transgression(s) in Twenty-First-Century Women’s Writing in French. Boston: Brill Rodopi. ISBN 978-90-04-43569-8 (print book), ISBN 978-90-04-44271-9 (digital PDF), 276 p.
Russian and Lithuanian Phraseological Units with Component береза / beržas: Linguocultural and Ethnolinguistic Aspects
Authors: Konickaja Jelena
Published: March 2022

The present article deals with the problem of distinguishing between two types of analysis – linguocultural and ethnolinguistic, which can be cleared up by a contrastive study of Russian and Lithuanian phraseological units containing the name of a tree Russ. berjoza ‘birch’ (Lithuan. beržas). This linguocultural analysis emphasized considerable differences in the cultural and symbolic meanings of Russ. berjoza ‘birch’ and Lithuan. beržas. In the Russian linguistic picture of the world, a birch is generally seen as a light, positive tree associated with youth and beauty that is endowed with many positive qualities, while in the Lithuanian linguistic picture of the world, beržas is a useless tree. Еhe opposite features are also noted in both Russian berjoza and Lithuanian beržas. The ethnolinguistic aspect analyzed according to some of the more important parameters showed that the characteristics of the tree reflected in phraseology are often rooted in ancient concepts which are largely common to both peoples. The ethnolinguistic study that referred to the ancient ideas of the two ethnic groups reveals not only their differences, but also their strong similarity (the connection of the tree with the idea of the generations, death, with the chthonic world, and protective functions of a tree, etc.).
Functioning of Word-Forming Components гомо- / гетеро- in the Russian Language
Authors: Shkapenko Tatyana , Shapovalenko Evgeny
Published: March 2022

The article examines the features of functioning of prepositive components of Greek origin homo- / hetero- in the Russian language in a synchronic and diachronic perspective. The necessity of a differentiated approach to determining the morphological status of these components, depending on their meaning and use in a particular type of discourse, is substantiated. In scientific discourse гомо- /гетеро- are used as term elements denoting the homogeneity/heterogeneity of the defined part of the derivatives and perform the function of prefixes. There is a tendency to expand the scope of their functioning from the exact and natural sciences to the humanities. When used in the meaning of markers of sexual identification, the morphological status of these components is differentiated depending on the type of the derived word. As part of the composites, гомо-/гетеро- act as one of their derivative bases, in affixal formations they acquire the status of a root. The peak of morphosemantic development of components is their lexicalization, as a result of which they begin to be used as an autonomous part of speech - a noun. The growth of the derivational activity of гомо-/гетеро- in modern Russian is explained by the influence of extralinguistic factors considered in a broad socio-historical context.
Space infrastructure of the Internet of things. State and prospects of development
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Ilchenko M.Yu. , Narytnyk T.M. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Prysiazhnyi V.I. ,   National Center of Space Facilities Control And Test, State Space Agency of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kapshtyk S.V. ,   National Center of Space Facilities Control And Test, State Space Agency of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Matvienko S.A. ,   Scientific and Production Complex “Kurs”, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2022

We present an overview of possibilities for existing Satellite Communication Systems utilization to provide Internet of Things Services. It is shown that existing Satellite Communication Systems provide traffic transmission for IoT Systems with Cloud Architecture. The proposals are explicated on the possibility of using Fog and Edge Computing for Satellite Communication Systems. The implementation of Fog and Edge computing in IoT Systems requires the modernization of the Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) and Geostationary Orbit (GEO) Satellite Communication Systems, and we show the ways of their enhancement. To increase the efficiency of IoT data processing and the reliability of IoT Data Storage, we propose to construct an Orbital Cloud Data Storage in GEO, which consists of several GEO Satellites - Cloud Computing Data Centers. Such a structure would require the development of methods of access providing to the Orbital Cloud Data Storage. For these purposes, our propositions include using GEO High-Throughput Satellites and satellites from the structure of LEO Satellite Communication. The issues of interaction between Orbital Cloud Data Storage and ground-based Cloud Data Processing and Storage Infrastructure are briefly considered. The orbital slots in GEO are proposed for the location of GEO Satellites - Cloud Computing Data Centers.
Problems of videorecords processing of bright bolides and falling space vehicle remnants detected with the low-sensitive home video cameras in bad observational conditions
Authors:   Astronomical Observatory of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kozak P.M. , Zlochevskyi Y.E. ,   Kyiv Astronomical Club ‘Astropolis’, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kozak L.V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Stariy S.V. ,   V.Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2022

We present the method for kinematic and photometric processing of results of single-station video observations of a unique bright fireball (bolide or space vehicle remnant) carried out in bad observational conditions. Due to the low sensitivity of the video camera, lots of star-shaped artifacts in the camera detector on the one hand, and the bright Moon of -10.95 mag, which was directly in the camera field of view on the other, the star images were completely absent in all the frames. It is demonstrated that using the averaging and summing algorithms applied to the whole set of frames and the display of different dynamic layers of intensity allowed us to find and identify 45 reference stars, the faintest of which were of 5.4…5.7 mag. Due to the visibility of the point of closest approach of the object trajectory to an observer, which corresponds to the maximum angular velocity, in the camera field of view and the performed modeling, we obtained the next data about the fireball from the single-station detection after the video processing. The fireball fall lasted longer than 12 seconds, the angular length of the trajectory exceeded 60 deg, maximum angular velocity was computed as 7.4 deg/sec. It was shown that the space body in the point of maximal approach could lose near 32 percent of its initial velocity. Visibility of the maximal approach point allowed us to calculate the right ascension and declination of the visible radiant as 272.0 and -0.8 deg, respectively. The luminosity of the fireball was varying in the range of -5.5 to -8.5 mag. All the calculations performed did not allow us to unambiguously identify the fireball as a meteoroid or as a cosmic debris fragment.
Promotion of properties of deformed aluminium alloys in modification with nanocomposites
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine, Dzhur E.A. , Kalinina N.E. ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine, Dzhur O.E. ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine, Kalinin A.V. ,   Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Dnipro, Ukraine, Nosova T.V. ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine, Mamchur S.I. ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine
Published: March 2022

The objective of the work is to obtain a dispersed structure and increase the mechanical and technological properties of deformed aluminum alloys by treating melts with nanodispersed modifiers. The effect of the modification by refractory nanodispersed compositions of titanium carbonitride and silicon carbide on the grain structure and properties of aluminum alloys has been established. Aluminum alloys of the Al-Mg, Al-Mg-Sc system have been studied. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the establishment of the mechanism of influence of the nanodispersed modifier on the grain structure and the set of properties of aluminum alloys. The composition of the modifier is proposed — nanodispersed powders of silicon carbide (SiC) and titanium carbonitride (TiCN) with fractions of 50 ... 100 nm. The microstructure of alloys was studied under optical microscopes. The strength properties of the alloys were determined on a TIRAtest300 machine. Fluidity was determined using the spiral test method. In the modified samples of aluminum alloys, improved technological properties were achieved. It was found that, in alloys AMg5 and 1545, the fluidity increased by an average of 10 %. After the modification, we obtained a homogeneous dispersed structure of aluminum alloys. It turned out that the average grain size in the modified samples of alloy 1545 decreased 1.6 times in comparison with the initial state due to the increase of strength characteristics by 14… 20 %. A series of experimental-industrial melting of AMg5 and 1545 alloys has been carried out. The effective influence of a refractory modifier based on silicon carbide and titanium carbonitride on the properties of aluminum alloys has been proved. The results of the work are of practical importance for aviation and space technology products.
ЗНИЖЕННЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНОГО І СИЛОВОГО ВПЛИВУ НАДЗВУКОВИХ СТРУМЕНІВ РАКЕТНОГО ДВИГУНА НА ОБ’ЄКТИ НАЗЕМНОГО ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОГО ОБЛАДНАННЯ
Authors: Mochonov R. , Sotnichenko А. , Ivanytskyi H. , Salo М. , Brizhak О.
Published: March 2022

У більшості сучасних стартових комплексів ракет космічного призначення для захисту від оплавлення поверхонь, що зазнають безпосереднього впливу високотемпературних газових струменів, використовуються системи водоподачі. На сьогоднішній день  єдиним можливим способом теоретичного дослідження процесів взаємодії надзвукового струменя двигунної установки зі струменями води, що розбризкуються коллектором системи водоподачі, є чисельне моделювання. Для дослідження температурного і теплового навантаження поверхонь, що знаходяться під впливом надзвукових струменів двигунної установки, було проведено чисельне моделювання газодинамічних процесів, що відбуваються в газоході в момент старту ракети космічного призначення. Були розглянуті два варіанти, з подачею води і без неї. В якості розрахункової моделі був обраний газохід ракети космічного призначення «Антарес». В основі математичної моделі лежать рівняння динаміки двофазного середовища. При цьому течія газу описується тривимірними рівняннями Нав’є-Стокса, а моделювання крапель води проведено з використанням траекторного підходу Лагранжа. Дослідження виконувались в комерційному коді ANSYS Fluent. В результаті проведеного чисельного експерименту були отримані дані щодо ефективності зниження теплового і силового впливу надзвукових струменів двигунної установки на конструкцію газоходу при використанні системи водоподачі. За підсумками проведених досліджень сформульовано основні рекомендації, які можуть бути корисними при розробці та оптимізації систем водоподачі наземних комплексів ракет космічного призначення.
REVIEW OF INTELLIGENT MATERIALS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF THEIR USE IN ROCKET AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Petelko Yevhenii Serhiyovych , Lipovskyi Volodymyr Ivanovich
Published: March 2022

A new generation of materials – «intellectual» materials – is rapidly developing. Intelligent materials are materials that react in a certain way to changes in the state of the environment or the influence of force fields, vibrations or oscillations and radiation. This reaction results in the alterations of material properties, geometry and its adaptation to changes in operating conditions. Constructions are made of intelligent materials, in addition to the traditional functions of taking operational loads and ensuring load and strength, can provide self-monitoring, identification and localization of the fatigue damage. The material in such constructions can contain a set of electronics, built into the structure, which performs the function of receiving, processing and transmitting information in different frequency ranges. Intellectual material requirements are defined by the purpose and conditions of use of the structures and their components. The objective of this work is to give an overview of intellectual materials, in order to introduce the main information about their properties and their applicability in space and rocket technology. Furthermore, in this article data processing and analysis were carried out, which allowed to formalize the properties of the considered intellectual materials. Moreover, the application of intellectual materials can improve existing design schemes and elements or create entirely new design solutions in the future. For instance, the use of magnetostrictive materials allows to reduce the longitudinal oscillations of the launch vehicle on an active part of the trajectory along with absorbing vibrations and regulating the stringency of the stage separation. Structural analysis of the special properties of intellectual materials and their application not only will solve existing problems, but also enable further development of the space rocket industry.