bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Species divergence and environmental adaptation of Picea asperata complex at the whole genome level
Authors: Liu Yifu , Xiao Wenfa , Wang Fude , Wang Ya , Dong Yao , Nie Wen , Tan Cancan , An Sanping , Chang Ermei , Jiang Zeping , Wang Junhui , Jia Zirui
Published: August 2024

To study the interspecific differentiation characteristics of species originating from recent radiation, the genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) technique was used to explore the kinship, population structure, gene flow, genetic variability, genotype–environment association and selective sweeps of Picea asperata complex with similar phenotypes from a genome‐wide perspective. The following results were obtained: 14 populations of P. asperata complex could be divided into 5 clades; P. wilsonii and P. neoveitchii diverged earlier and were more distantly related to the remaining 6 spruce species. Various geological events have promoted the species differentiation of P. asperata complex. There were four instances of gene flow among P. koraiensis, P. meyeri, P. asperata, P. crassifolia and P. mongolica. The population of P. mongolica had the highest level of nucleotide diversity, and P. neoveitchii may have experienced a bottleneck recently. Genotype–environment association found that a total of 20,808 genes were related to the environmental variables, which enhanced the adaptability of spruce in different environments. Genes that were selectively swept in the P. asperata complex were primarily associated with plant stress resistance. Among them were some genes involved in plant growth and development, heat stress, circadian rhythms and flowering. In addition to the commonly selected genes, different spruce species also displayed unique genes subjected to selective sweeps that improved their adaptability to different habitats. Understanding the interspecific gene flow and adaptive evolution of Picea species is beneficial to further understanding the species relationships of spruce and can provide a basis for studying spruce introgression and functional genomics.
Development of Flexible High‐Efficient Aluminum ion Supercapacitors With 2D Niobium MXene Electrode
Authors: Malyala Latha , Karingula Sampath , Bhookya Thirupathi , K Vengatajalabathy Gobi
Published: August 2024

A high‐performance aluminum‐ion supercapacitor is fabricated using 2D few‐layered Nb2CTx MXene, as an active electrode material and Al2(SO4)3 electrolyte for efficient energy storage. Nb2CTx MXene has been synthesized from Nb2AlC MAX phase using HF. Nb2CTx MXene coated on carbon cloth (Nb@CC) displays a capacitance of 307 F g−1 with 90% coulombic efficiency. The specific capacitance of Nb@CC in Al2(SO4)3 electrolyte is exceptionally high compared to those (≤32.2 F g−1) in H2SO4, Na2SO4, and MgSO4 electrolytes. Both symmetric and asymmetric aluminum ion supercapacitors are fabricated with Nb@CC electrode. The Nb@CC//Nb@CC symmetric device exhibits a capacitance of 122 F g−1 with a high energy density (Ed) of 33.2 Wh kg−1 at 1.41 kW kg−1 power density (Pd). An asymmetric supercapacitor device (ASC), Nb@CC//CNT@CC, with carbon nanotube (CNT@CC) cathode delivers a maximum Ed of 24.7 Wh kg−1 at 3.41 kW kg−1 Pd and excellent stability with 90% capacitance retention after 4000 cycles. A remarkably high Pd of 34 kW kg−1 is maintained with 13.2 Wh kg−1 Ed, and the rate capability is 53% for a 10‐fold increase in current density. These results offer the feasibility of efficient aqueous supercapacitors with Al‐ion as guest species, presenting new possibilities for supercapacitors.
Back(s) to basics: The concept of backing in stone tool technologies for tracing hominins' technical innovations
Authors: Delpiano Davide , Gravina Brad , Peresani Marco
Published: August 2024

The evolution of Paleolithic stone tool technologies is characterized by gradual increase in technical complexity along with changes in the composition of assemblages. In this respect, the emergence of retouched‐backed tools is an important step and, for some, a proxy for “modern” behavior. However, backed tools emerge relatively early and develop together with major changes in Middle‐Upper Pleistocene stone tool technologies. We provide an updated review of the emergence and development of the “backing” concept across multiple chrono‐cultural contexts and discuss its relationship to both the emergence of hafting and major evolutionary steps in the ergonomics of stone tool use. Finally, we address potential mechanisms of context‐specific re‐invention of backing based primarily on data from the late Middle Paleolithic of Western Europe.
CO2 solubility in aqueous solution of salts: Experimental study and thermodynamic modelling
Authors: Mousavi Ramin , Chapoy Antonin , Burgass Rod
Published: August 2024

There are many economic obstacles and complex engineering problems associated with CO2 capture and storage in saline aquifers that need to be addressed. Overcoming such challenges requires precise knowledge on the fluid phase equilibria of CO2‐brine systems. Having accurate CO2 solubility data over a wide range of temperature and pressure can greatly assist in resolving these obstacles by improving the performance and accuracy of the thermodynamic modeling and subsequent CCS engineering success.

CO2 solubility in pure water and NaCl solutions has been widely studied in the literature, however, there is a lack of data on CO2 solubility at lower temperatures (below 298 K). Furthermore, limited phase equilibria data are available for CO2 solubility in CaCl2, MgCl2, and KCl solutions at elevated temperatures (i.e., T > 323.15 K).

In this work, the phase equilibria of CO2 and brine systems are investigated experimentally and theoretically. In this study, solubilities of CO2 in pure water and various concentrations of NaCl (10, 15, 20, and 22 wt%), KCl (10, 15, and 22 wt%), CaCl2 (7.5, 10, 15.7, and 23.4 wt%), and MgCl2 (6.7, 11, 18, and 29 wt%) aqueous solutions are reported. All CO2 solubilities were measures at 323.15, 373.15, and 423.15 K and over various pressure ranges, while solubilities in 10 and 20 wt% NaCl aqueous solutions were also measured over the temperature range of 263 to 298 K and pressures up to the hydrate dissociation pressure of each system. Equation of state modelling using the PC‐SAFT and the Cubic Plus Association equations of state, is performed in the theoretical part of the study to validate the measured solubility data. © 2024 The Author(s). Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
From prevention to treatment: Prescription medication, information, and health behaviors
Authors: Horn Danea
Published: August 2024

Medical innovations may lessen the perceived risk of disease which can decrease the take‐up of healthy behaviors, a phenomenon known as risk compensation. In contrast, a diagnosis provides updated information about the state of one's health which may motivate positive behavior change. In this paper, I consider how behavior changes in response to a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) before and after the FDA approval of new classes of drugs to treat high blood pressure and high cholesterol in 1973. I find that individuals diagnosed with CVD are more likely to follow a diet and decrease body‐mass index in response to the diagnosis, irrespective of medication approvals. Nonsmoking is a notable exception. Prior to medication availability, there is no change in smoking behavior in response to a CVD diagnosis. Conversely, when medication is available, there is a significant decline in smoking. The empirical complementarity of medication and smoking cessation may be driven by increased exposure to medical professionals (who emphasize the harms of smoking) or because medication decreases the risk of CVD death which heightens the importance of investing in future health.
Perceptions and attitudes of health science students relating to artificial intelligence (AI): A scoping review
Authors: Derakhshanian Shokoufeh , Wood Lucy , Arruzza Elio
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims

The recent integration of artificial intelligence (AI) across education, research, and clinical healthcare has led to a growing interest in AI training for healthcare students. This scoping review seeks to delve into existing literature, aiming to evaluate the perceptions and attitudes, of health science students toward the implementation of AI in their field.

Methods

This review followed the methodological guidance offered by Arksey and O'Malley and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR). A systematic search was conducted in the databases Medline, Emcare, and Scopus. Studies using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were eligible if they explored the perceptions or attitudes of health science students in relation to AI. Relevant data from eligible articles was extracted and analyzed using narrative synthesis.

Results

Ten studies were included. Articles reported on the primary outcomes of perceptions (i.e., thoughts, ideas, satisfaction, etc.) and attitudes (i.e., beliefs, tendencies, etc.). Disciplines included nursing, diagnostic radiography, pharmacy, midwifery, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, and speech pathology were featured. Overall, students felt positively about the potential benefits AI would have on their future work. Students' interest and willingness to learn about AI was also favorable. Studies evaluating attitudes found positive correlations between attitudes toward AI, AI utilization, and intention to use AI. Negative perceptions related to threats of job security, and a lack of realism associated with AI software.

Conclusion

Overall, evidence from this review indicates that health science students' worldwide hold positive perceptions toward AI. Educators should focus on instilling positive attitudes toward AI, given correlations between AI exposure and intention to adopt AI.
Mirikizumab: A promising breakthrough in Crohn's disease treatment
Authors: Aslam Muaaz , Ali Mohammad Haris , Irfan Hamza
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, progressive inflammatory bowel disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and noncontiguous “skip lesions” throughout the gastrointestinal tract. With a prevalence of 100–300 cases per 100,000 individuals, CD is most common in Western Europe and North America. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, weight loss, and anemia, with severe cases leading to complications such as perianal abscesses and cutaneous fistulas. Treatment involves pharmaceutical interventions, bowel rest, and sometimes surgery, with biological therapies like ustekinumab and mirikizumab gaining prominence.

Clinical Trials

The VIVID‐1 trial assessed mirikizumab in patients with moderately to severely active CD. By Week 12, mirikizumab significantly outperformed placebo in clinical response (45.4% vs. 19.6%, p < 0.000001). By Week 52, it showed higher clinical remission rates (54.1% vs. 19.6%) and demonstrated non‐inferiority to ustekinumab in clinical remission (p = 0.51). The SEQUENCE study compared risankizumab to ustekinumab, with risankizumab showing superior reductions in inflammatory markers and higher biologic remission rates at Weeks 8, 24, and 48. Both treatments had similar safety profiles, with common adverse events including COVID‐19, anemia, and headache.

Conclusion

Mirikizumab, based on the VIVID‐1 trial outcomes, is a promising addition to CD therapy. It demonstrated significant clinical responses and remission rates, warranting further research on its long‐term efficacy and safety. Updating professional guidelines and addressing affordability will ensure broader access and improved management of CD.
Application of the image‐well method for transient borehole thermal energy storage systems with complex boundaries
Authors: Lin Ying‐Fan , Rau Gabriel C. , Kurylyk Barret L.
Published: August 2024

This study introduces a new analytical framework that employs the image‐well method to simulate the spatial and temporal temperature distribution in vertical borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) systems. The model accommodates complex boundary shapes and conditions, including insulation, convection, and constant temperature, without requiring iterative solutions at each time step. The model's accuracy and utility are demonstrated through an application to a borehole heat exchanger cluster arranged in an octagonal shape with insulating boundaries, based on a BTES site in Drake Landing (Canada). Model predictions are validated against a finite element model, showing a root‐mean‐square error of 0.012°C. A global sensitivity analysis highlights the influence of thermal parameters on system performance, identifying the heat flux of the borehole heat exchanger as the most sensitive parameter. Overall, this approach combines the advantages of analytical and numerical techniques to provide a clear and efficient tool for evaluating BTES systems, offering significant potential for advancing sustainable energy solutions.
Cannabidiol as a possible treatment for endometriosis through suppression of inflammation and angiogenesis
Authors: Anvari Aliabad Roghayeh , Hassanpour Kamyab , Norooznezhad Amir Hossein
Published: August 2024

Background

Endometriosis is associated with a wide variety of signs and symptoms and can lead to infertility, embryo death, and even miscarriage. Although the exact pathogenesis and etiology of endometriosis is still unclear, it has been shown that it has a chronic inflammatory nature and angiogenesis is also involved in it.

Objective

This review aims to explore the role of inflammation and angiogenesis in endometriosis and suggest a potential treatment targeting these pathways.

Findings

Among the pro‐inflammatory cytokines, studies have shown solid roles for interleukin 1β (IL‐β), IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) in the pathogenesis of this condition. Other than inflammation, angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre‐existing capillaries, is also involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Among angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are more essential in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Interestingly, it has been shown that inflammation and angiogenesis share some similar pathways with each other that could be potentially targeted for treatment of diseases caused by these two processes. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non‐psychoactive member of cannabinoids which has well‐known and notable anti‐inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties. This agent has been shown to decrease IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, VEGF, TGFβ, and MMPs in different animal models of diseases.

Conclusion

It seems that CBD could be a possible treatment for endometriosis due to its anti‐inflammatory and antiangiogenic activity, however, further studies are needed.
Approaches for Lynch syndrome screening and characteristics of subtypes with mismatch repair deficiency in patients with colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Feng Xu , Yao Qianlan , Xu Yuyin , Zhang Jing , Jia Liqin , Wang Qian , Cai Xu , Xu Ye , Liu Fangqi , Huang Dan , Sheng Weiqi , Bai Qianming , Zhu Xiaoli , Zhou Xiaoyan
Published: August 2024

To evaluate different Lynch syndrome (LS) screening approaches and establish an efficient and sensitive strategy are critical for clinical practice. In total, 583 patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were enrolled. Patient samples were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and next‐generation sequencing (NGS), and MLH1 promoter hypermethylation (MPH) was detected in MLH1‐deficient cases. Germline genetic testing was performed in cases with deleterious variants and large genomic rearrangements (LGRs) of tumor MMR genes were detected in cases with dMMR or MSI‐H cases with no MMR germline variants. Our results showed that triage with IHC and followed by BRAF/MLH1 methylation testing (Strategy 1) identified 93.3% (70/75) of LS cases. IHC followed by germline NGS (Strategy 2) or direct tumor NGS (Strategy 3) both identified 98.7% (74/75) of LS cases. The proportion of LGRs in LS cases was 16.0% (12/75), while 84.0% (63/75) showed SNV/Indel. The average cost per patient was ¥6010.81, ¥6058.48, and ¥8029.98 for Strategy 1, Strategy 2 and Strategy 3, respectively. The average time spent on different strategies was 4.74 days (Strategy 1), 4.89 days (Strategy 2), and 14.50 days (Strategy 3) per patient, respectively. LS and Lynch‐like syndrome (LLS) were associated with an earlier onset age than MPH. In conclusion, we compared different workflows for LS screening and IHC plus germline NGS is recommended for LS screening when taking sensitivity, time, and cost into account. Moreover, multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification made up for the shortcoming of NGS and should be incorporated into routine screening.
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition in chemoradiation‐induced lung damage: Mechanisms and potential treatment approaches
Authors: Saadh Mohamed J. , Sharma Pawan , Naser Israa Habeeb , Kumar Abhishek , Ravi Kumar M. , Rasulova Irodakhon , Mohammed Faraj , Allela Omer Qutaiba B. , Mohammed Wathiq Kh. , Ahmed Nahed Mahmood , Al‐Ani Ahmed Muzahem , Redhee Ahmed Huseen
Published: August 2024

Pulmonary injury is one of the key restricting factors for the therapy of malignancies with chemotherapy or following radiotherapy for chest cancers. The lung is a sensitive organ to some severely toxic antitumor drugs, consisting of bleomycin and alkylating agents. Furthermore, treatment with radiotherapy may drive acute and late adverse impacts on the lung. The major consequences of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the lung are pneumonitis and fibrosis. Pneumonitis may arise some months to a few years behind cancer therapy. However, fibrosis is a long‐term effect that appears years after chemo/or radiotherapy. Several mechanisms such as oxidative stress and severe immune reactions are implicated in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is offered as a pivotal mechanism for lung fibrosis behind chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It seems that pulmonary fibrosis is the main consequence of EMT after chemo/radiotherapy. Several biological processes, consisting of the liberation of pro‐inflammatory and pro‐fibrosis molecules, oxidative stress, upregulation of nuclear factor of κB and Akt, epigenetic changes, and some others, may participate in EMT and pulmonary fibrosis behind cancer therapy. In this review, we aim to discuss how chemotherapy or radiotherapy may promote EMT and lung fibrosis. Furthermore, we review potential targets and effective agents to suppress EMT and lung fibrosis after cancer therapy.
The hepatoprotective potential of tannic acid against doxorubicin‐induced hepatotoxicity: Insights into its antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms
Authors: Özturk Neslihan , Ceylan Hamid , Demir Yeliz
Published: August 2024

Doxorubicin (DOX), which is frequently used in cancer treatment, has limited clinical use due to adverse effects on healthy tissues, especially the liver. Therefore, it is necessary to research the molecular basis of DOX‐induced organ and tissue damage and protective agents. In this study, we aimed to examine the protective effects of tannic acid (TA) against DOX‐induced hepatoxicity in experimental rat models. Rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups: the untreated control, DOX, TA, and cotreatment (DOX + TA) groups. We investigated the antioxidant system's main components and oxidative stress indicators. Moreover, we examined alterations in the mRNA expression of critical regulators that modulate apoptosis, inflammation, and cell metabolism to better understand the underlying factors of DOX‐induced liver toxicity. The results showed that DOX exposure caused an increase in MDA levels and a significant depletion of GSH content in rat liver tissues. Consistent with oxidative stress‐related metabolites, DOX was found to significantly suppress both mRNA expression and enzyme activities of antioxidant system components. Moreover, DOX exposure had significant adverse effects on regulating the other regulatory genes studied. However, it was determined that TA could alleviate many of the negative changes caused by DOX. The results of the present study indicated that TA might be considered a versatile candidate that could prevent DOX‐induced hepatotoxicity, possibly by preserving cell physiology, viability, and especially redox balance.
Detection of lumpy skin disease virus reads in the human upper respiratory tract microbiome requires further investigation
Authors: Tomar Siddharth Singh , Khairnar Krishna
Published: August 2024

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), a double‐stranded DNA virus from the Capripoxvirus genus, primarily affects Bos indicus, Bos taurus breeds, and water buffalo. Arthropod vectors, including mosquitoes and biting flies, are the main LSDV transmitters. Although LSDV is not zoonotic, this study unexpectedly detected LSDV reads in the upper respiratory tract microbiome of humans from rural and urban areas in Maharashtra, India. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples collected for SARS‐CoV‐2 surveillance underwent whole‐genome metagenomics sequencing, revealing LSDV reads in 25% of samples. Split kmer analysis provided insights into sample relatedness despite the low coverage of LSDV reads with the reference genome. Our findings, which include the detection of LSDV contigs aligning to specific locations on the reference genome, suggest a common source for LSDV reads, potentially shared water sources, or milk/milk products. Further investigation is needed to ascertain the mode of transmission and reason for the detection of LSDV reads in human upper respiratory tract.
Synthesis and properties of pH‐dependent Gemini surfactant containing tripeptide structure
Authors: Han Fu , Song Ziyu , Cao Tianyu , Guo Mingmin
Published: August 2024

Amino acid surfactants have mild performance and are sourced from renewable biomass. Compared to classical surfactants, Gemini surfactants have superior properties. The amino acid Gemini surfactants are believed to be adopted more widely. The Gemini surfactant with tripeptide structure, sodium di(lauroyl glutamyl) lysine (DLGL), was prepared by amidation utilizing methyl laurate, glutamate and lysine and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS. Additionally, the pKa value, surface activities, aggregation, foaming properties and emulsifying attributes of the DLGL surfactant in aqueous solution with varied pH values were examined. The results indicate that the protonation‐deprotonation behavior of the DLGL surfactant is highly dependent on pH values. The surface tension, critical micelle concentration (cmc), foamability and foam stability exhibited superior performance at pH 6 and 7. Conversely, superior emulsifying ability was observed at pH 9 and 10. Moreover, the spherical vesicles were formed by the DLGL surfactant at pH 6, 7 or 8 while the micelles were generated at pH 9 or 10.
Biomolecular therapies for chronic discogenic low back pain: A narrative review
Authors: Rudnik‐Jansen Imke , van Kruining Kodele Sanda , Creemers Laura , Joosten Bert
Published: August 2024

Chronic low back pain caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, also termed chronic discogenic low back pain (CD‐LBP), is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal diseases. Degenerative processes in the IVD, such as inflammation and extra‐cellular matrix breakdown, result in neurotrophin release. Local elevated neurotrophin levels will stimulate sprouting and innervation of sensory neurons. Furthermore, sprouted sensory nerves that are directly connected to adjacent dorsal root ganglia have shown to increase microglia activation, contributing to the maintenance and chronification of pain. Current pain treatments have shown to be insufficient or inadequate for long‐term usage. Furthermore, most therapeutic approaches aimed to target the underlying pathogenesis of disc degeneration focus on repair and regeneration and neglect chronic pain. How biomolecular therapies influence the degenerative IVD environment, pain signaling cascades, and innervation and excitability of the sensory neurons often remains unclear. This review addresses the relatively underexplored area of chronic pain treatment for CD‐LBP and summarizes effects of therapies aimed for CD‐LBP with special emphasis on chronic pain. Approaches based on blocking pro‐inflammatory mediators or neurotrophin activity have been shown to hamper neuronal ingrowth into the disc. Furthermore, the tissue regenerative and neuro inhibitory properties of extracellular matrix components or transplanted mesenchymal stem cells are potentially interesting biomolecular approaches to not only block IVD degeneration but also impede pain sensitization. At present, most biomolecular therapies are based on acute IVD degeneration models and thus do not reflect the real clinical chronic pain situation in CD‐LBP patients. Future studies should aim at investigating the effects of therapeutic interventions applied in chronic degenerated discs containing established sensory nerve ingrowth. The in‐depth understanding of the ramifications from biomolecular therapies on pain (chronification) pathways and pain relief in CD‐LBP could help narrow the gap between the pre‐clinical bench and clinical bedside for novel CD‐LBP therapeutics and optimize pain treatment.
Room temperature synthesis of a chiral covalent organic framework core‐shell composite for high‐performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation
Authors: Zhang Yue , Lu Yan‐Rui , Liu Cheng , Ma An‐Xu , Luo Zong‐Hong , Zhou Hong‐Mei , Zhang Jun‐Hui , Wang Bang‐Jin , Xie Sheng‐Ming , Yuan Li‐Ming
Published: August 2024

In this article, chiral covalent organic framework core‐shell composite CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 was facilely synthesized by induction at room temperature. The CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 core‐shell composite was used as a chiral stationary phase for the separation of the racemates by high‐performance liquid chromatography, which exhibits good separation performance for chiral compounds including ketones, alcohols, esters, epoxides, carboxylic acids, amides, and amines. The effects of analyte injection mass on the enantioseparation were studied. The reproducibility and stability of the CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 chiral column were explored. The intra‐day (n = 5), inter‐day (n = 5), and inter‐column (n = 3) relative standard deviations for the migration times and resolution of benzoin were 0.32%–0.54%, 0.45%–0.61%, and 1.21%–1.53%, respectively. In addition, the chiral separation ability of the CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 chiral column (column A) was compared with that of the MDI‐β‐CD‐Modified COF@SiO2 (column B) as well as a commercial chiral column (Chiralpak AD‐H). The chiral recognition ability of column A is complementary to that of column B and AD‐H column. The resolution mechanism of CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 stationary phase towards chiral analyte was explored. Hence, the synthesis of CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 core‐shell composite by induction at room temperature as chiral stationary phases for chromatographic separation has important research potential and application prospects.
Subacromial balloon spacer improves isokinetic performance in patients with massive irreparable rotator cuff tear
Authors: Luengo‐Alonso Gonzalo , Rueda Almudena Fernández‐Brazo , Martínez‐Catalán Natalia , Delgado Cristina , Valencia María , Calvo Emilio
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to analyse clinical, functional and shoulder kinematics results using subacromial balloon spacer in nonreparable massive rotator cuff tears. Subacromial balloon spacer was hypothesised to improve shoulder kinematics and increases clinical and functional outcomes scores in nonreparable massive rotator cuff tears.

Methods

This is a prospective study in massive rotator cuff tears. From October 2021 to October 2022, a total of 127 shoulders suffering massive rotator cuff tears were initially evaluated. All patients were evaluated preoperatively, at 6 and 12 months. Patients' patient‐reported outcome measures (PROM) subjective values using visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Spanish Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) version were analysed. We also evaluated objective outcomes: constant score, range of movement and kinematic shoulder analysis (isokinetic test to evaluate internal and external rotation forces). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software; continuous variables were presented as means and standard deviations (SDs).

Results

Seventeen nonrepairable massive rotator cuff tears were finally included. Three patients required reverse shoulder arthroplasty before 6 months postoperative. After 1‐year follow‐up, objective and subjective (PROM) outcome scores and isokinetic measurements improved in 13 patients. Preoperative VAS improved from 6.5 ± 2.1 to 2 ± 1.9 points on average at 1‐year follow‐up and WORC index from 1603 ± 217.3 to 699 ± 361.6. Constant score from 42.1 ± 13.1 on average and at 1‐year follow‐up increased to 60.8 ± 14.7. Range of movement also improved in elevation 122.2 ± 39.3 to 166.9 ± 25.8, abduction 120.3 ± 38.6 to 134.6 ± 21.1, external rotation 30.3 ± 19.7 to 86.1 ± 13.8 and internal rotation L4–T12 on average at 1‐year follow‐up. Isokinetic evaluation showed functional improvement 1 year after implantation. Both internal and external rotation improved compared with their healthy shoulder. External rotation improved from 30.3° ± 19.7° preoperatively to 86.1° ± 13.8° (43.7% in the isokinetic study) and internal rotation from L4 preoperatively to L1 (49.8% in isokinetic study) on average.

Conclusion

Among the different alternatives for irreparable rotator cuff injuries surgical treatment, subacromial balloon spacer is an effective alternative in selected patients, both in terms of clinical‐functional improvement and short‐term isokinetic results.

Level of Evidence

Level II
Halving of the meniscectomy rate and their costs in Italy: A 15‐years period analysis
Authors: Longo Umile Giuseppe , Mazzola Alessandro , Cardinale Marco Edoardo , De Salvatore Sergio , Piergentili Ilaria , Marx Robert , Papalia Rocco
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and hospitalization trends of meniscectomy in Italy from 2001 to 2016. A secondary aim was to investigate the economic burden of the disease on the national healthcare system.

Methods

Data were extracted from the Italian Ministry of Health's National Hospital Discharge Reports. Diagnoses are coded according to the ICD‐9‐CM. Meniscectomy was defined by the following main procedure codes: 806, 8026 and 8145. By dividing the number of annual cases by the size of the adult population reported annually by ISTAT, incidence rates were computed.

Results

Overall, 1,454,891 meniscectomies were performed in the study period between 2001 and 2016. The incidence was 178 procedures for every 100,000 Italian inhabitants. The incidence declined from 202 in 2001 to 106 in 2016. Males were the largest portion of patients undergoing surgery (68.2%). The average age of patients was 46.59 ± 15.07. A decreasing trend in length of hospital stay was observed over the study period. The annual average cost per 100,000 inhabitants was EUR 491.219 ± 122.148 with a range from EUR 291,500 ± 79.500 in 2016 to EUR 610,500 ± 166.500 in 2004.

Conclusion

In Italy, the number of meniscectomies performed in the adult population has almost halved over the study period. Results of the present study in the Italian population seem to reflect how the clinical evidence basis affects surgical technique selection. The economic burden of meniscectomy is relevant in Italy with an estimated expenditure from EUR 181.861.375 to 318.257.406 between 2001 and 2016.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
A cross‐domain analysis of research performance: Conventional and altmetric indicators in Medicine, Physical Sciences, and Social Sciences
Authors: Wijewickrema Manjula
Published: August 2024

Comparing research performance across distinct subject domains is not recommended unless proper treatments are applied to normalize the domain‐specific characteristics. Except for limited research aimed at exploring the field‐dependent behaviours of specific research performance indicators, it is difficult to find comprehensive research examining both conventional and altmetric indicators for their influence on journals, articles, and authors in distinct subject domains. This research used Scopus and PlumX as sources to collect conventional and altmetric data, respectively. In addition to descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney U test, cluster plots, and correlation analysis were employed for data analysis. The results reveal that all three levels of indicators behave in notably different ways in Medicine compared with that of the Physical and Social Sciences. Most indicators in all three levels attain higher maximum and average values in Medicine. For instance, the maximum values for most indicators, except for citations and documents, are significantly higher in Medicine than in the Physical and Social Sciences. However, the citations and productivity of Physical Sciences journals surpass the two in other domains. SNIP deviates lightly across subject domains compared with that of other journal‐level indicators. Further, citations do not have a large influence on SNIP and SJR as they do Journal Impact Factor and CiteScore. All article‐level indicators show significant differences between Medicine and the Physical Sciences. Between the Physical and Social Sciences, all indicators except page count show significant differences. Further, article‐level indicators in the Social Sciences behave in nearly the same way as in the Physical Sciences. Citation counts positively influence captures. In addition, Medicine authors are likely to make more impact and be more productive in their field than authors in other fields. Collaboration was also found to improve both the productivity of authors and the impact of their research, irrespective of the domain they work in. These findings are important to authors, research evaluators, and publishers from different viewpoints. Discouraging performance comparisons based on raw indicator values can protect researchers from inaccurate assessments, enabling them to fully realize their potential for conducting cutting‐edge research. Finally, this research indicates different directions along which this area of research can be extended.
Topological‐Charge‐Dependent Dichroism and Birefringence of Optical Vortices
Authors: Forbes Kayn A. , Green Dale
Published: August 2024

Material anisotropy and chirality produce polarization‐dependent light‐matter interactions. Absorption leads to linear and circular dichroism, whereas elastic forward scattering produces linear and circular birefringence. Here a form of dichroism and birefringence is highlighted whereby generic anisotropic media display locally different absorption and scattering of a focused vortex beam that depends upon the sign of the topological charge . The light‐matter interactions described in this work manifest purely through dominant electric‐dipole coupling mechanisms and depend on the paraxial parameter to first‐order. Previous topological‐charge‐dependent light‐matter interactions require the significantly weaker higher‐order multipole moments and are proportional to the paraxial parameter to second‐order. The result represents a method of probing the nano‐optics of advanced materials and the topological properties of structured light.
Fabrication of PHFPO Surface‐Modified Conductive AgNWs/PNAGA Hydrogels with Enhanced Water Retention Capacity toward Highly Sensitive Strain Sensors
Authors: He Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Cong , Song Xue , Zhang Lansheng , Chang Long , Yuan Chentai , Hu Huan , Liu Chun‐Hua , Zhu Yuan‐Yuan
Published: August 2024

Conductive hydrogels, characterized by their unique features of flexibility, biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, and responsiveness to environmental stimuli, have emerged as promising materials for sensitive strain sensors. In this study, a facile strategy to prepare highly conductive hydrogels is reported. Through rational structural and synthetic design, silver nanowires (AgNWs) are incorporated into poly(N‐acryloyl glycinamide) (PNAGA) hydrogels, achieving high electrical conductivity (up to 0.88 S m−1), significantly enhanced mechanical properties, and elevated deformative sensitivity. Furthermore, surface modification with polyhexafluoropropylene oxide (PHFPO) has substantially improved the water retention capacity and dressing comfort of this hydrogel material. Based on the above merits, these hydrogels are employed to fabricate highly sensitive wearable strain sensors which can detect and interpret subtle hand and finger movements and enable precise control of machine interfaces. The AgNWs/PNAGA based strain sensors can effectively sense finger motion, enabling the control of robotic fingers to replicate the human hand's gestures. In addition, the high deformative sensitivity and elevated water retention performance of the hydrogels makes them suitable for flow sensing. These conceptual applications demonstrate the potential of this conductive hydrogel in high‐performance strain sensors in the future.
Bithieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione‐Based Wide‐Bandgap Donor Polymers for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Jiang Yu , Yuan Hua , Pan Hui , Zhang Guangjun
Published: August 2024

The polymer solar cells (PSCs) have garnered substantial interest owing to their lightweight, cost‐effectiveness, and flexibility, making them ideal for large‐scale roll‐to‐roll manufacturing. In this study, two wide‐bandgap (WBG) donor polymers, PFBiTPD and PClBiTPD, utilizing bithieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione (BiTPD) as the electron‐accepting unit and fluorinated/chlorinated benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b']dithiophene (BDT) as the electron‐donating moiety are designed and synthesized. The polymers demonstrated large optical bandgaps (exceeding 1.80 eV) and are blended with ITIC‐4F to form the active layers in PSCs. The PFBiTPD‐based devices showed a well‐dispersed fibrillar network, facilitating efficient charge generation and transport. Thus, these devices attained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.60%, featuring a fill factor (FF) of 62.89%, an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.88 V and a short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 15.54 mA cm−2. In contrast, PClBiTPD‐based devices displayed lower performance due to less favorable morphology. The study underscores the importance of polymer design and morphology control in optimizing the photovoltaic performance of PSCs.
Distribution of PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 in the Cergy‐Pontoise urban area (France)
Authors: Lagmiri Souad , Dahech Salem
Published: August 2024

This study employed a network comprising 16 fixed “Ecosmart” sensors deployed in the Cergy‐Pontoise conurbation. Continuous measurements of PM10, PM2.5, and NO2, significant pollutants in the Paris region, were conducted from April 8 to June 6, 2022. The collected data were represented as statistically composite spatial matrices due to the heterogeneous urban landscape and the overlapping of multiple pollution sources. Temporal variations on a daily basis were influenced by both traffic and meteorological conditions. Daytime, characterized by denser traffic compared to nighttime, exhibited higher concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5. Conversely, NO2 concentration levels displayed two peaks associated with traffic volume, and relatively elevated nocturnal values compared with midday due to atmospheric vertical stability during the nighttime phase. The analysis of weather‐type impacts revealed that during unstable weather conditions, elevated particle concentrations stemmed from dust resuspension from the ground and long‐range transport. Maximum NO2 concentrations were observed during stable weather conditions, whereas minimum concentrations occurred during unstable weather.
Analysis of temperature characteristics of high‐speed train wheelset system under complex operating conditions
Authors: Wang Baosen , Liu Yongqiang , Liao Yingying , Wang Yixuan
Published: August 2024

With the rapid advancements in high‐speed train technology, the importance of ensuring the safety of train operations has become paramount. Bearings, being a critical component of train bogies, have garnered significant attention for their role in maintaining safety standards. Monitoring the temperature of bearings to evaluate their motion state is a common practice in high‐speed trains, emphasizing the need for further research into temperature fluctuations. In this study, a dynamic model is developed for the bearing rotor system of high‐speed trains. By considering the contact points between raceways and rolling elements, the power loss in the bearing is obtained and a transient temperature‐field model of the system is established. The relationship between node temperature and factors such as ambient temperature, train running speed, and load is illustrated, with a detailed presentation of the influence of bearing fault type and size on node temperature. The analysis results reveal that the node temperature increases with higher values corresponding to those quantifiable factors and is most affected by rolling element fault. Additionally, it is observed that the temperature rises rapidly in the initial stage and gradually flattens out over time. The comparative analysis of temperature under different fault conditions shows that the node temperature is most affected by the rolling element fault. Experiments and actual line temperature data are used to verify the validity of the model. The comparison results show that the simulation aligns well with experimental and line data. The transient temperature‐field model of the bearing rotor system in high‐speed trains can effectively simulate and predict the temperature change process of each node of the system. The simulation results hold certain theoretical guiding significance for further research and practical applications in ensuring train operation safety.
Play biotopes put into practice—Creating synergies between children and nature
Authors: Hedblom Marcus , Mårtensson Fredrika , Sang Åsa Ode , Wiström Björn , Litsmark Anna
Published: August 2024

Global urbanisation reduces greenery and species richness (biodiversity) and limits opportunities for most children to gain experiences of nature. Disconnecting children from nature has implications for their play, health, well‐being, and comprehension of ecological systems, as well as their engagement with the environment as adults.

In the competition for land for built infrastructure, the preservation of remaining greenery is essential to fulfill multiple functions. One way forward is to look for synergies between conservation of biodiversity and children's need for outdoor environments of high quality.

In this paper, we synthesize the existing literature on how to understand the many interfaces between children and nature, suggesting perspectives and tools for the management and design of nature‐based play settings. We frame this transdisciplinary perspective using ‘play biotopes‘, as a conceptual framework in which both children's play and species are taken into account.

We exemplify how the play biotope framework can be put into practice as part of (1) an overall approach to landscapes made more useful to both children and other species, (2) affordances for play in nature such as branches from dead wood, and (3) a design process of a playground by giving input to nature‐based solutions.

A conclusion is that play biotopes as a conceptual framework within nature‐based solutions can help increase play and biodiversity by promoting structures for climbing, making huts and biotopes otherwise overlooked in urban planning.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
An integrated approach for discrimination of Magnoliae officinalis cortex before and after being processed by ginger juice combining LC/MS, GC/MS, intelligent sensors, and chemometrics
Authors: Yang Li , Xue Zhenzhen , Li Zhiyong , Li Jiaqi , Yang Bin
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Magnoliae officinalis cortex (MOC) is an important traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and both raw and stir‐fried MOC were commonly used in clinic.

Objectives

This study aimed to discriminate MOC and MOC stir‐fried with ginger juice (MOCG) using an integrated approach combining liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), intelligent sensors, and chemometrics.

Methods

The sensory characters of the samples were digitalized using intelligent sensors, i.e., colorimeter, electronic nose, and electronic tongue. Meanwhile, the chemical profiles of the samples were analyzed using LC/MS and GC/MS methods. Chemometric models were constructed to discriminate samples of MOC and MOCG based on not only the sensory data but also the chemical data.

Results

The differential sensory characters (L* and b* from colorimeter, ANS from electronic tongue, W1S and W2S from electronic nose) and the differential chemical compounds (26 and 11 compounds from LC/MS and GC/MS, respectively) were discovered between MOC and MOCG. Furthermore, twelve differential compounds showed good relations with differential sensory characters. Finally, artificial neural network models were established to discriminate samples of MOC and MOCG, in which W1S, W2S, ANS, b*, and 10 differential compounds were among the top 10 important variables, respectively.

Conclusion

Samples of MOC and MOCG can be discriminated not only by the digitalized data of color, taste, and scent detected by intelligent sensors but also by chemical information obtained from LC/MS and GC/MS using chemometrics. The variations in sensory characters and chemical compounds between MOC and MOCG partially resulted from the Maillard reaction products and the oxidation of some compounds in the stir‐frying process.
Chemical profiling and quality evaluation of raw and vinegar‐processing frankincense by multiple UPLC‐MS/MS techniques
Authors: Li Na , Wang Yuan , Rao Jinqiu , Ma Zicheng , Zhang Bingyang , Dou Zhiying , Wang Kai , Qiu Feng
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Frankincense is used for analgesic, tumor‐suppressive, and anti‐inflammatory treatments in Traditional Chinese Medicine but poses toxicological concerns. Vinegar processing is a common technique used to reduce the toxicity of frankincense.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and quality evaluation of raw and vinegar‐processing frankincense by multiple UPLC‐MS/MS techniques. Additionally, we purposed refining the vinegar processing technique and identifying potentially harmful ingredients in the raw frankincense.

Methodology

Sub‐chronic oral toxicity studies were conducted on raw and vinegar‐processing frankincense in rats. The composition of frankincense was identified by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS. Chemometrics were used to differentiate between raw and vinegar‐processing frankincense. Potential chemical markers were identified by selecting differential components, which were further exactly determined by UPLC‐QQQ‐MS/MS. Moreover, the viability of the HepG2 cells of those components with reduced contents after vinegar processing was assessed.

Results

The toxicity of raw frankincense is attenuated by vinegar processing, among which vinegar‐processing frankincense (R40) (herb weight: rice vinegar weight = 40:1) exhibited the lowest toxicity. A total of 83 components were identified from frankincense, including 40 triterpenoids, 37 diterpenoids, and 6 other types. The contents of six components decreased after vinegar‐processing, with the lowest levels in R40. Three components, specifically 3α‐acetoxy‐11‐keto‐β‐boswellic acid (AKBA), 3α‐acetoxy‐α‐boswellic acid (α‐ABA), and 3α‐acetoxy‐β‐boswellic acid (β‐ABA), inhibited the viability of HepG2 cells. The processing of frankincense with vinegar at a ratio of 40:1 could be an effective method of reducing the toxicity in raw frankincense.

Conclusion

Our research improves understanding of the toxic substance basis and facilitates future assessments of frankincense quality.