bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translanguaging in Immersion: Cognitive Support or Social Prestige?
Authors: Lyster Roy
Published: November 2019

Les pratiques de translinguisme interviennent dans les interactions sociales de personnes bilingues qui font usage de toutes les ressources linguistiques qu’elles partagent et passent naturellement d’une langue à l’autre. Ces pratiques ont engendré la pédagogie du translinguisme, destinée à faire en sorte que les élèves des programmes scolaires bilingues additifs puissent bénéficier de la mise à contribution de tout leur répertoire linguistique. Bien que la pédagogie du translinguisme s’applique particulièrement bien aux contextes dans lesquels l’apprentissage des élèves de langue minoritaire s’effectue en partie ou en totalité dans la langue majoritaire qui n’est pas la leur, l’auteur s’interroge sur la pertinence de la pédagogie du translinguisme dans tous les contextes d’enseignement bilingue. Il remet plus précisément en question l’utilisation accrue de l’anglais L1 dans les programmes d’immersion, au Canada et aux États-Unis, en enseignement de langues minoritaires comme le français ou l’espagnol, compte tenu de la prépondérance de l’anglais faisant obstacle à l’usage de langues autres que l’anglais. Il évoque un exemple, issu de la recherche, pour illustrer en quoi la pédagogie du translinguisme va à l’encontre des propositions actuelles de pédagogie d’immersion visant le développement systématique de la littératie scolaire des élèves en langue minoritaire. Les arguments avancés par l’auteur vont dans le sens d’un usage plus soutenu de la langue minoritaire, étayé par de précédentes études sur les avantages de la réservation d’espaces distincts pour les langues d’enseignement et par des notions cognitives comme la profondeur de traitement et l’acquisition de compétences. Une formation équilibrée intégrant langue et contenu, en parallèle avec des stratégies d’étayage de la compréhension et de la production, sont proposées comme solution de rechange à la pédagogie du translinguisme.
Research on Language and Literacy Socialization at Canadian Universities
Authors: Duff Patricia , Zappa-Hollman Sandra , Surtees Victoria
Published: November 2019

Les trois dernières décennies ont vu la recherche dans le domaine de la socialisation langagière de personnes unilingues, bilingues, et multilingues s’épanouir dans divers contextes d’apprentissage structurés et non structurés partout dans le monde. Un contexte qui s’avère d’un intérêt particulier pour explorer les expériences d’étudiants multilingues apprenant l’anglais est celui de l’établissement postsecondaire où l’anglais est la langue d’enseignement. Les auteures présentent un survol des études menées sur ce sujet plus particulièrement dans les universités canadiennes et s’intéressent précisément aux étudiants inscrits aux programmes d’études à l’étranger de courte durée (un an ou moins) ainsi qu’aux étudiants inscrits à des programmes de premier cycle ou de cycles avancés qui entendent améliorer leur maîtrise de l’anglais aussi bien qu’acquérir des connaissances dans leur discipline, quelle qu’elle soit. Les auteures mettent en évidence l’évolution de la théorisation des processus de socialisation en langue et littératie en s’appuyant sur plusieurs études, en ce qui a trait au parcours des étudiants, au rôle des langues multiples dans l’apprentissage et la performance, aux divers agents de socialisation et aux orientations que prend cette socialisation, aux comportements de résistance par opposition aux comportements de conformité aux normes établies, et au rôle des pairs et des réseaux sociaux dans les expériences scolaires et sociales des étudiants ainsi qu’aux mécanismes permettant de documenter ce rôle. Les auteures se penchent également sur les diverses approches méthodologiques permettant d’explorer les questions liées à la socialisation en langue et littératie et les unités d’analyse caractéristiques de ces approches.
Use of Physical Self-Experience for Teaching Lameness Evaluation: Short-Term Effects on Lameness Evaluation of Horses with Mild Forelimb Lameness by Novice Veterinary Students
Authors: Schieder Katrin , Zsoldos Rebeka R. , Dippel Maximiliane , Siedler Claudia , Tichy Alexander , Licka Theresia F.
Published: November 2019

Lameness evaluation (LE) is an important veterinary skill, but it can be a challenging task to teach. Acoustic and visual input in conjunction with acting are the three major learning channels for acquiring new information. Acting (e.g., physical self-experience) has not been reported as a didactic tool for LE; therefore, we investigated two physical self-experience techniques, imitation of lameness during LE instruction and head nod during LE. Undergraduate veterinary students ( N = 78) who had not yet received any instructions for LE underwent standard instruction for LE, followed by instructions to head nod, instructions to imitate lameness, or neither. Students’ subjective LE skills were then tested against those of senior clinicians on two horses that were either sound or mildly forelimb lame. In more than 80%, there was agreement on the presence or absence of lameness independent of instruction, and we found no significant evaluation differences between didactic strategies. Specific instructions for head nodding did not significantly influence the quality of LE, possibly because head nodding was widespread even when no specific instructions had been given. Veterinary students who had been taught to imitate lameness without instructions to head nod were consistently closest to the assessment of the senior clinicians, and in walk these students were significantly better at LE than students additionally instructed to head nod. This finding indicates that imitation of lameness, but not necessarily head nodding, may be beneficial for understanding body movement such as mild equine forelimb lameness.
Synthesis and characterization of layered perovskite cathode materials for SOFC application
Authors: Harshitha Gandham , Pratihar Swadesh Kumar , Sahoo Abanti
Published: November 2019

The present study emphasizes the effect on the properties of cathode material by doping Ln = Nd, Pr on A-site cation in double-layered perovskite (AA′B2O5+δ). New cathode compositions Pr1-xNdxBa0.5Sr0.5Co0.5Fe1.5O5+δ (where x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0) were synthesized by the glycine-nitrate method and their calcination temperature was optimized. Refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns was performed to determine crystallographic information of the obtained phase. These synthesized powders were pelletized, then sintered at 1200–1250°C for microscopic analysis and electrical conductivity measurements. The chemical stability of these compositions with electrolyte gadolinium-doped ceria was also investigated. Pr1-xNdxBa0.5Sr0.5Co0.5 · Fe1.5O5+δ at x = 0 has shown highest conductivity of 315 S cm−1 at 550°C followed by x = 1.0 of 230 S cm−1 at 570°C. The findings of the present study reveal that these compositions may be used as cathode materials in solid oxide fuel cells.
Deposition temperature dependence on the bonding structure and mechanical properties of laser ablated boron-carbonitride thin films
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Liu Haixia , Wang Chuanbin
Published: November 2019

Boron-carbonitride thin films were synthesized on Si (100) substrates by laser ablation, and the effect of deposition temperatures on the bonding structure and mechanical properties were studied to enhance the mechanical properties. The results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that B–N, B–C, N–C and N=C bonds coexisted in the thin films with the ternary B–C–N hybridization structure. The deposition rate decreased as deposition temperatures increased, and the hardness and modulus fluctuated between 14.5 and 27.2 GPa and 146 and 246 GPa, respectively. The law of evaluation of the mechanical properties with deposition temperatures was found to be related to the changes in the bonding structure, and the maximum hardness and modulus were 27.2 GPa and 246 GP, respectively, when deposition temperature reached 400°C.
Features of the structural and functional parameters of the liver in experimental steatohepatitis and its correction in obese rats
Authors: Pivtorak K.V.
Published: November 2019

The improvement of the pharmacological strategy of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is based on the study of the effect of pharmaceutical preparations on the structure and function of the liver. The pathogenesis of steatohepatitis is complex and multifactorial, mainly involving genetic, metabolic and environmental factors. The purpose of the study was to characterize the structural and functional parameters of the liver when using the biologically active compound Angiolin for the correction of experimental steatohepatitis. An experimental study was performed on 110 sexually mature white male rats weighing 180-220 grams, which were kept on a standard diet of vivarium. All animals were divided into two groups: control (30 intact animals) and experimental (80 animals). A model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis was created for all animals of the experimental group. They were kept on a hypercaloric diet with a high fat and high cholesterol content for 8 weeks. After that, part of the animals (10 rats) was withdrawn from the experiment by intrapleural administration of sodium thiopental (50 mg/kg) and the necessary biochemical and morphological studies were performed. Part of the animals (30 rats) was continued to be kept on a high-fat diet for 4 weeks and the biologically active compound Angiolin was administered (20 rats), and Rings-Locke solutions were administered to 10 rats. After the creation of the model, the other animals of the experimental group (40 rats) were transferred to a full-fledged standard semi-synthetic starch-casein diet, and the biologically active compound Angiolin was administered for 20 rats and Ringer-Locke solution for another 20 rats for 4 weeks. Macroscopic evaluation and description of the liver of animals was carried out after withdrawal under thiopental anesthesia. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using the program “STATISTICA 8” using parametric and non-parametric methods for assessing the results. It was found that the use of the biologically active compound Angiolin once a day for 30 days can reduce cytolysis syndrome (reduce biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase), reduce cholestasis syndrome (decrease in alkaline phosphatase level), and normalize liver function, improves the morphological state of hepatocytes, which indicates the normalization of the structural and functional state of the liver.
Signs of palmar dermatoglyphics as markers of atopic diseases
Authors: Shkolnikov V.S. , Klimas L.А. , Smolko D.G. , Makarchuk I.M. , Koliadenko S.V.
Published: November 2019

The family character of atopic conditions, confirmed by many studies, has become the basis for the use of the method of dermatoglyphics to clarify the genetic nature of the “atopic march”. The purpose of the study was to identify differences in the features of palmar dermatoglyphics between patients with atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Primary indexes of palmar dermatoglyphics of young men and young women patients with atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma were taken from the data bank of the research center of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya. According to the method of Cummins H. and Midlo Ch. dermatoglyphic study of 320 young men and young women with allergic rhinitis (n = 69), bronchial asthma (n = 108) and atopic dermatitis (n = 143) was performed. Quantitative indices of palmar dermatoglyphics were subject to analysis. The results obtained were processed using the Statistica 6.1 license package using non-parametric methods. It is established that the differences of quantitative indices of palmar dermatoglyphics between young men / young women with atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis cover 50.0% / 66.67%; among patients with atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma – 38.89% / 33.33%; among patients with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma – 22.22% / 55.56% respectively. Thus, in young men, the marker potential for signs of palmar dermatoglyphics in the prognosis for the development of bronchial asthma in the presence of allergic rhinitis (22.22%) or atopic dermatitis (38.89%) are insignificant compared with the prognosis for the development of allergic rhinitis in the presence of atopic dermatitis (50.0%). In young women, the marker features of palmar dermatoglyphics in the prognosis for the development of bronchial asthma in the presence of atopic dermatitis are insignificant (33.33%) compared with the prognosis for the development of bronchial asthma in the presence of allergic rhinitis (55.56%) and the prognosis for the development of allergic rhinitis (66.67%).
Before and after Dung: Argumentation in AI and Law
Authors: Bench-Capon T.J.M.
Published: November 2019

Dung’s abstract argumentation frameworks have had a very significant role in the rise in interest in argumentation throughout this century. In this paper we will explore the impact of this seminal idea on a specific application domain, AI and Law. Argumentation is central to legal reasoning and there had been a considerable amount of work on it in AI and Law before Dung’s paper. It had, however, been rather fragmented. We argue that the abstract argumentation frameworks had a unifying effect by offering a means of relating previously diverse work. We also discuss how the particular demands of legal systems have led to developments building on the basic notions of abstract argumentation.
Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the two dimensional Schrödinger operator with strong magnetic field
Authors: Yoshida Naoya
Published: November 2019

We study the eigenvalues of the two-dimensional Schrödinger operator with a large constant magnetic field perturbed by a decaying scalar potential. For each Landau level, we give the precise asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues created by the minimum, maximum and the closed energy curve of the potential. Normal form reduction, WKB construction and pseudodifferential calculus are applied to the effective Hamiltonian.
Existence and asymptotic behavior of standing wave solutions for a class of generalized quasilinear Schrödinger equations with critical Sobolev exponents
Authors: Chen Jianhua , Huang Xianjiu , Qin Dongdong , Cheng Bitao
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we study the following generalized quasilinear Schrödinger equation [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] has a positive global minimum, and [Formula: see text] has a positive global maximum. By using a change of variable, we obtain the existence and concentration behavior of ground state solutions for this problem with critical growth, and establish a phenomenon of exponential decay. Moreover, by Ljusternik–Schnirelmann theory, we also prove the existence of multiple solutions.
Prospective evaluation of 4-D contrast-enhanced-ultrasound (CEUS) imaging in bladder tumors
Authors: Jokisch F. , Buchner A. , Schulz G.B. , Grimm T. , Weinhold P. , Pfitzinger P.L. , Chaloupka M. , Stief C.G. , Schlenker B. , Clevert D.-A.
Published: November 2019

PURPOSE:

The evaluation of the potential clinical benefit of four-dimensional ultrasound (4D-US) in the assessment of bladder cancer (BC).

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

20 patients with indication for cystoscopy for suspicion of bladder cancer were prospectively included in this study. All patients underwent two-dimensional ultrasound (2D-US), contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and real-time four-dimensional ultrasound (4D-US). All acquisitions were compared to each other in regard to image quality. This assessment was done using a 6 point scale (1 = best). All patients underwent subsequently cystoscopy with resection of the tumor (TURB), due a histopathological analysis was possible.

RESULTS:

All examinations were performed successfully and no patient had to be excluded from the study. Patients acceptance of 4D-US was consistently good. No adverse events occurred. Image quality of real time 4D-US (score: 1.27±0.46) was significantly superior ( p < 0.001) to both, conventional 2D-US (score: 2.33±0.62) and also to 2D-CEUS (score: 2.00±0.53). In terms of tumor detection no superiority was evident for 4D-US compared to 2D-US or in utilization of CEUS (sensitivity = 0.89; specificity = 1.00; positive predictive value = 1.00; negative predictive value = 0.50; AUC = 0.944; (95% CI: 07.43–0.998)).

CONCLUSION:

The assessment of bladder cancer using real time 4D-US is feasible and improves the image quality and therefore also the precise anatomical consistency of intravesical tumor masses.
Coaxial electrospinning of PEEU/gelatin to fiber meshes with enhanced mesenchymal stem cell attachment and proliferation
Authors: Tung Wing Tai , Zou Jie , Sun Xianlei , Wang Weiwei , Gould Oliver E.C. , Kratz Karl , Ma Nan , Lendlein Andreas
Published: November 2019

Microfibers with a core-shell structure can be produced by co-axial electrospinning, allowing for the functionalization of the outer layer with bioactive molecules. In this study, a thermoplastic, degradable polyesteretherurethane (PEEU), consisting of poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) and poly( ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) segments with different PPDO to PCL weight ratios, were processed into fiber meshes by co-axial electrospinning with gelatin. The prepared PEEU fibers have a diameter of 1.3±0.5 μm and an elastic modulus of around 5.1±1.0 MPa as measured by tensile testing in a dry state at 37°C, while the PEEU/Gelatin core-shell fibers with a gelatin content of 12±6 wt% and a diameter of 1.5±0.5 μm possess an elastic modulus of 15.0±1.1 MPa in a dry state at 37 °C but as low as 0.7±0.7 MPa when hydrated at 37 °C. Co-axial electrospinning allowed for the homogeneous distribution of the gelatin shell along the whole microfiber. Gelatin with conjugated Fluorescein (FITC) remained stable on the PEEU fibers after 7 days incubation in Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C. The gelatin coating on PEEU fibers lead to enhanced human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cell (hADSC) attachment and a proliferation rate 81.7±34.1 % higher in cell number in PEEU50/Gelatin fibers after 7 days of cell culture when compared to PEEU fibers without coating. In this work, we demonstrate that water-soluble gelatin can be incorporated as the outer shell of a polymer fiber via molecular entanglement, with a sustained presence and role in enhancing stem cell attachment and proliferation.
Intra-individual comparison of human nasal chondrocytes and debrided knee chondrocytes: Relevance for engineering autologous cartilage grafts
Authors: Lehoczky Gyözö , Wolf Francine , Mumme Marcus , Gehmert Sebastian , Miot Sylvie , Haug Martin , Jakob Marcel , Martin Ivan , Barbero Andrea
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE:

Implantation of autologous chondrocytes for cartilage repair requires harvesting of undamaged cartilage, implying an additional joint arthroscopy surgery and further damage to the articular surface. As alternative possible cell sources, in this study we assessed the proliferation and chondrogenic capacity of debrided Knee Chondrocytes (dKC) and Nasal Chondrocytes (NC) collected from the same patients.

METHODS:

Matched NC and dKC pairs from 13 patients enrolled in two clinical studies (NCT01605201 and NCT026739059) were expanded in monolayer and then chondro-differentiated in 3D collagenous scaffolds in medium with or without Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 (TGF β1). Cell proliferation and amount of cartilage matrix production by these two cell types were assessed.

RESULTS:

dKC exhibited an inferior proliferation rate than NC, and a lower capacity to chondro-differentiate. Resulting dKC-grafts contained lower amounts of cartilage specific matrix components glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen. The cartilage forming capacity of dKC did not significantly correlate with specific clinical parameters and was only partially improved by medium supplemention with TGF β1.

CONCLUSIONS:

dKC exhibit a reproducibly poor capacity to engineer cartilage grafts. Our in vitro data suggest that NC would be a better suitable cell source for the generation of autologous cartilage grafts.
Asymmetry inter-limb and performance in amateur athletes involved in high intensity functional training
Authors: Teixeira Rômulo Vasconcelos , de Queiros Victor Sabino , Dantas Matheus Peixoto , Assis Marina Gonçalves , Dantas Paulo Moreira Silva , de Araújo Tinôco Cabral Breno Guilherme
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:

The introduction of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) in sport gave rise to the exploration of determinants of success in sport.

OBJECTIVE:

To analyze whether asymmetry inter-limb is related to reduction in physical performance in amateur HIFT athletes.

METHODS:

Twenty-four HIFT amateur athletes, 11 women and 13 men, participated in the study. All volunteers performed three different jump tests: the squat jump (SJ), the countermovement jump (CMJ), performed unilaterally and bilaterally, and the 20-m sprint test.

RESULTS:

An overall asymmetry inter-limb of 9.5% in women and 9.3% men was not associated with any of the outcome measures. There were no significant differences in both genders between asymmetry, sprint, lower limbs’ muscle power (LLMP), SJ, CMJ and stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) ([Formula: see text] 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Asymmetry inter-limb in CMJ does not seem to affect the performance of amateur athletes of HIFT. Thus, when the target is to maximise the performance, in the training programme, coaches should prioritise tasks that increase vertical jump capacity at the detriment of the unilateral jump.
Factors Associated with Supportive Care Service Use Among California Alzheimer’s Disease Patients and Their Caregivers
Authors: Newkirk Lori A. , Dao Virginia L. , Jordan Joshua T. , Alving Loren I. , Davies Helen D. , Hewett Linda , Beaudreau Sherry A. , Schneider Logan D. , Gould Christine E. , Chick Christina F. , Hirst Rayna B. , Rose Sophia Miryam Schüssler-Fiorenza , Anker Lauren A. , Tinklenberg Jared R. , O’Hara Ruth
Published: November 2019

Background:

Existing literature on factors associated with supportive care service (SCS) use is limited. A better understanding of these factors could help tailor SCS to the needs of frequent users, as well as facilitate targeted outreach to populations that underutilize available services.

Objective:

To investigate the prevalence of SCS use and to identify factors associated with, and barriers to, service use.

Methods:

California Alzheimer’s Disease Center patients with AD ( n = 220) participated in the study from 2006-2009. Patients and their caregivers completed assessments to determine SCS use. Cognitive, functional, and behavioral status of the patients were also assessed. A two-part hurdle analysis identified 1) factors associated with any service use and 2) service use frequency among users.

Results:

Forty percent of participants reported using at least one SCS. Patients with more impaired cognition and activities of daily living and more of the following: total number of medications, comorbid medical conditions, and years of education were more likely to use any SCS ( p < 0.05). Factors associated with more frequent SCS use included younger age, more years of education, older age of AD onset, female gender, and having a spouse or relative for a caregiver ( p < 0.05). Caregivers frequently indicated insufficient time as a reason for not receiving enough services.

Conclusion:

Factors associated with any SCS use mostly differed from those associated with SCS frequency, suggesting different characteristics between those who initiate versus those who continue SCS use. Our findings highlight the importance of targeted education on services and identifying barriers to long-term SCS use.
Effects of a Modified Tai Chi Program on Older People with Mild Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Huang Nayan , Li Wenjie , Rong Xiangjiang , Champ Mei , Wei Lian , Li Mo , Mu Haiyan , Hu Yueqing , Ma Zongjuan , Lyu Jihui
Published: November 2019

Background:

Tai Chi exercise is a non-pharmacological therapy that has received increased attention in recent years. A Tai Chi program has been specifically modified for older people with cognitive impairments by the research team.

Objective:

We aim to assess the effects of this Tai Chi program on mild dementia.

Methods:

Eighty older people with mild dementia were recruited and randomly assigned to a Tai Chi group or a control group. The Tai Chi group practiced the Tai Chi program three times a week for 10 months, while the control group continued receiving routine treatments. All participants were assessed for cognitive function, behavior/mood, and activities of daily living at baseline, 5 months, and 10 months.

Results:

The Tai Chi group performed better than the control group. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant group×time interaction in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Further analysis of sub-items of the MoCA showed a significant time effect in naming and abstraction. It was statistically significant in both main effect of time and group×time interaction in the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Paired sample t test showed the Tai Chi group scored lower at 5 and 10 months in the NPI and at 10 months in the GDS compared with baseline. The Tai Chi group scored lower than the control group at 10 months in the NPI and GDS.

Conclusion:

The results suggest this Tai Chi program may help improve cognitive function and mental well-being for older adults with mild dementia.
Anterior Cingulate Structure and Perfusion is Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau among Cognitively Normal Older Adult APOEɛ4 Carriers
Authors: Hays Chelsea C. , Zlatar Zvinka Z. , Meloy M.J. , Osuna Jessica , Liu Thomas T. , Galasko Douglas R. , Wierenga Christina E.
Published: November 2019

Evidence suggests the ɛ4 allele of the apolipoprotein E ( APOE) gene may accelerate an age-related process of cortical thickening and cerebral blood flow (CBF) reduction in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Although the neural basis of this association remains unclear, evidence suggests it might reflect early neurodegenerative processes. However, to date, associations between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of neurodegeneration, such as CSF tau, and APOE-related alterations in ACC cortical thickness (CTH) and CBF have yet to be explored. The current study explored the interaction of CSF tau and APOE genotype ( ɛ4+, ɛ4–) on FreeSurfer-derived CTH and arterial spin labeling MRI-measured resting CBF in the ACC (caudal ACC [cACC] and rostral ACC [rACC]) among a sample of 45 cognitively normal older adults. Secondary analyses also examined associations between APOE, CTH/CBF, and cognitive performance. In the cACC, higher CSF tau was associated with higher CTH and lower CBF in ɛ4+, whereas these relationships were not evident in ɛ4–. In the rACC, higher CSF tau was associated with higher CTH for both ɛ4+ and ɛ4–, and with lower CBF only in ɛ4+. Significant interactions of CSF tau and APOE on CTH/CBF were not observed in two posterior reference regions implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. Secondary analyses revealed a negative relationship between cACC CTH and executive functioning in ɛ4+ and a positive relationship in ɛ4–. Findings suggest the presence of an ɛ4–related pattern of increased CTH and reduced CBF in the ACC that is associated with biomarkers of neurodegeneration and subtle decrements in cognition.
Correlation of functional echocardiography and clinical parameters in term neonates with shock
Authors: Bandyopadhyay T. , Saili A. , Yadav D.K. , Kumar A.
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:

To evaluate the correlation between functional echocardiography and clinical parameters in term neonates with shock.

METHOD:

Cross sectional study of 30 full term newborns who were clinically detected to have shock compared to 30 full term hemodynamically stable neonates. For statistical analysis, cases were further sub classified into cardiogenic and septic shock.

RESULT:

Functional echocardiography revealed inferior vena cava collapsibility index (cIVC), fractional shortening (FS), ejection fraction (EF), cardiac output and superior vena cava (SVC) flow were significantly lower whereas myocardial performance index (MPI) was significantly higher in babies with cardiogenic and septic shock as compared to the controls. Left ventricular end diastolic area (LVEDA) was significantly higher in cardiogenic shock whereas it was significantly lower in septic shock as compared to the controls. Also, cIVC was significantly lower and LVEDA was significantly higher in cardiogenic as compared to the septic shock. In cardiogenic shock SVC flow correlated significantly with capillary filling time and systolic blood pressure. The correlation between functional echocardiographic parameters of cardiogenic and septic shock showed that EF, FS and MPI were positively and significantly correlated (r 0.742, p 0.022 for EF, r 0.766, p 0.016 for FS and r 0.478, p 0.05 for MPI) whereas SVC flow and cIVC were negatively and significantly correlated between cardiogenic and septic shock (r – 0.655, p 0.045 for SVC flow and – 0.578, p 0.05 for cIVC).

CONCLUSION:

In the complex environment of neonatal intensive care unit detection of shock continues to be a major challenge. Functional echocardiography provides an adjunct information to the clinical assessment of shock and helps in monitoring the response to treatment.
Ultrasound guided central line insertion in neonates: Pain score results from a prospective study
Authors: Sabouneh Rami , Akiki Pierre , Al Bizri Ayah , El Helou Sally , Zeidan Smart , Al Hamod Dany
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:

Central lines can be placed through different techniques, either peripherally or centrally. Although they have the same aim, decision to use one of these modalities depends on the patient outcomes. The aim is to compare pain scores between ultrasound-guided central line insertion and peripherally inserted catheter in neonates in a prospective randomized single center study.

METHODS:

A randomized controlled trial was conducted in neonates requiring central venous access for any of the following reasons: total parenteral nutrition (TPN), antibiotics treatment for at least 7 days and having poor or difficult venous access. The study compared pain difference, in neonates, that were randomized between peripherally and ultra-sound guided centrally placed central lines using the validated pain score N – PASS.

RESULTS:

61 neonates were enrolled in the study. US-guided CICC was associated with less pain as reported by the statistically significant lower pain score difference ( p-value <0.001) than the standard PICC. Additionally, the US-guided CICC had a higher rate of successful first attempt ( p = 0.012), lower overall number of attempts ( p < 0.001), and shorter procedure duration ( p < 0.001) as compared to standard PICC.

CONCLUSION:

US-guided CICC is a less painful technique than PICC line insertion associated with higher rate of successful first attempt, lower overall number of attempts and shorter procedure duration.
Addison’s disease in pregnancy: Case report, management, and review of the literature
Authors: Margulies Samantha L. , Corrigan K. , Bathgate S. , Macri C.
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:

Addison’s disease is an uncommon condition encountered during pregnancy; however, pregnant patients with Addison’s disease are at higher risk for multiple pregnancy related complications. Treatment during pregnancy involves steroid replacement therapy.

CASE REPORT:

A 34-year-old previously healthy G2P1001 presented with lethargy, skin hyperpigmentation, polyuria, and salt craving. Laboratory evaluation showed hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, elevated ACTH, and low cortisol. The patient terminated the pregnancy due to her symptoms. She was then placed on a regimen of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone, leading to symptom resolution. On second presentation as a G5P1031, her Addison’s disease was managed with hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone. When Addison’s symptoms recurred, ACTH levels were checked to determine if her current medications could be optimized. She ultimately delivered a healthy male infant vaginally. For her third presentation as a G6P2032, her pregnancy was managed in a similar manner to the previous pregnancy.

CONCLUSION:

There is currently minimal cohesive literature on the management of Addison’s disease during pregnancy. Patients can be managed successfully by monitoring for recurrence of Addison’s symptoms and adjusting medication dosing as needed.
Selection criteria for resuscitation and survivability rates for neonates at the limit of viability
Authors: Salama H. , Al Rifai H. , Mahmoud N. , Al Qubasi M. , Al Obaidly S. , Sabry I. , Ben Hadj Khalifa O. , Mousa A. , Sabouni A.
Published: November 2019

AIM:

To evaluate outcomes of a cohort of infants born at 23 weeks’ gestational age after introducing a new selection score for resuscitation in the delivery room (DR).

METHODS:

This was a retrospective charts review study using data from the maternal and newborn registry funded by the Qatar National Research Fund. Parents were consulted prenatally and their wishes were honored. The plan of resuscitation was based on the new selection score. The seven components of the score were four antenatal and three immediate postnatal in the DR. Each component received a score of zero, one, or two according to its presence, uncertainty or absence, respectively. Only a score of≥7 would receive active resuscitation unless specified otherwise during prenatal consultation.

RESULTS:

The study reviewed 60 infants that were delivered over a two year period. The DR death rate was 23 of 60 (38%). Thirty-seven infants (61%) were admitted to the NICU. The score was applied only on 37 infants where all score criteria were reported in their files. Twenty infants had score <7; of them 13 (65%) died in the DR and 7 were admitted to NICU of whom two (29%) survived to discharge. Seventeen babies with scores≥7 admitted to NICU of whom nine (51%) survived to discharge. The survival rate to discharge was 13 of 37(35%). A satisfaction survey included 33 neonatal physicians; 32 neonatologists stated the score was easy to comprehend, 26 voted for easy to implement, and 30 voted for ethical relief and moral comfort.

CONCLUSIONS:

Using a resuscitation score of seven was associated with improved survival until the discharge of those infants resuscitated. NICU physicians described the score as functional and convenient.
The undiagnosed diseases program: Approach to diagnosis
Authors: Macnamara Ellen F. , D’Souza Precilla ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Tifft Cynthia J.
Published: November 2019

Undiagnosed and rare conditions are collectively common and affect millions of people worldwide. The NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program (UDP) strives to achieve both a comprehensive diagnosis and a better understanding of the mechanisms of disease for many of these individuals. Through the careful review of records, a well-orchestrated inpatient evaluation, genomic sequencing and testing, and with the use of emerging strategies such as matchmaking programs, the UDP succeeds nearly 30 percent of the time for these highly selective cases. Although the UDP process is built on a unique set of resources, case examples demonstrate steps genetic professionals can take, in both clinical and research settings, to arrive at a diagnosis for their most challenging cases.
Quantification of hepatic steatosis in histologic images by deep learning method
Authors: Yang Fan , Jia Xianyuan , Lei Pinggui , He Yan , Xiang Yining , Jiao Jun , Zhou Shi , Qian Wei , Duan Qinghong
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE:

To develop and test a novel method for automatic quantification of hepatic steatosis in histologic images based on the deep learning scheme designed to predict the fat ratio directly, which aims to improve accuracy in diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with objective assessment of the severity of hepatic steatosis instead of subjective visual estimation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Thirty-six 8-week old New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes were fed with high-cholesterol, high-fat diet and sacrificed under deep anesthesia at various time points to obtain the pathological specimen. All rabbits were performed by multislice computed tomography for surveillance to measure density changes of liver parenchyma. A deep learning scheme using a convolutional neural network was developed to directly predict the liver fat ratio based on the pathological images. The average error value, standard deviation, and accuracy (error <5%) were evaluated and compared between the deep learning scheme and manual segmentation results. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was also calculated in this study.

RESULTS:

The deep learning scheme performs successfully on rabbit liver histologic data, showing a high degree of accuracy and stability. The average error value, standard deviation, and accuracy (error <5%) were 3.21%, 4.02%, and 79.10% for the cropped images, 2.22%, 1.92%, and 88.34% for the original images, respectively. The strong positive correlation was also observed for cropped images (R = 0.9227) and original images (R = 0.9255) in comparison to labeled fat ratio.

CONCLUSIONS:

This new deep learning scheme may aid in the quantification of steatosis in the liver and facilitate its treatment by providing an earlier clinical diagnosis.
The use of the injectable form of the drug «Forvet®» in the blockade of the branches of the V and VII head nerves in the treatment of stomatitis, gingivitis and periodontitis of various etiologies
Authors: Кочерга Маргарита , Kocherga Margarita , Леньков Иван , Len'kov Ivan
Published: November 2019

Oral cavity diseases are common among small domestic animals; they can be of traumatic, inflammatory, bacterial, viral or mycotic origin. Pathologic process affecting superficial as well as deep layers of mucous coat of gingivae, ligamentous apparatus, periosteal coverage develops secondary to deterioration of metabolic processes or traumas and in any case is followed by decrease of immunological status of organism as a whole as well as local immune response to introduction of pathogen. Sharp pain syndrome and inflammatory edema of tissues troubles eating and drinking which additionally weakens the animal's organism and leads to even worse course of disease. The necessity of conducting research is dictated by the lack of information concerning the use of condylar blocking using immunomodulating and antibacterial drugs as a part of complex therapy of oral cavity diseases among small pets.

Clinically disease declared itself in salivation of different intensity, hyperemia, anabrosis and ulcers with festering incrustations on mucous coat of oral cavity, swelling of submandibular lymphonodus, troubled eating and drinking or complete incapability to eat or drink as a result of sharp painfullness. In such cases the use of procaine block of supramaxillary and mandibular branches of trigeminus (V) which innervates skin and mucous coat of lips, gingivae, bottom of oral cavity, front parts of tongue, hard and soft palates and notal and ventral branches of buccal nerve (VII) which innervates cheeks, lips and nose muscles, joining together along their bodies and with branches of infraorbital nerve, temporal-auricular and mental nerve, sufficiently improves the state of animal by removing pain syndrome and as a result restoring blood circulation in damaged areas.

Our work describes the methodology of condylar blocking with small pets as a part of complex therapy of diseases of oral cavity. Two new methods of blocking have been developed and tested. Anatomic assessment of effectiveness of different compositions of condylar blocks with cats and dogs has been made. In our work we studied the effectiveness of drug «Forvet®» as part of complex therapy of animal diseases of oral cavity using blocks of notal and ventral branches of buccal nerve (VII), supramaxillary and mandibular branches of trigeminus (V).
Manajemen kompetensi dosen Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta
Authors: Saepudin Saepudin , Fattah Nanang , Tanjung Hendri , Alim Akhmad
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this research is to study and analyze the competency management of Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta lecturers. The theoretical approach used is the theory of lecturer competency management which refers to policies, programs, and techniques for implementing scientific competence, propagation competence, moral competence, and creed competence. This research method uses qualitative research methods by describing and analyzing the reality that occurs in the object under study which refers to the naturalistic paradigm by constructing the reality of research naturally. The findings show that the competence management of lecturers at the University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta is considered very effective by integrating academic and spiritual characters. The competency management of the Muhammadiyah University of Jakarta lecturers was analyzed through 4 aspects, namely the management of scientific competencies, the management of da'wah competencies, the management of moral competencies and the management of aqidah competencies. Success in managing the competencies of lecturers at the Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta is increasing the integration of academic character and spiritual character of lecturers in the realm of theory and implementation.

 

Abstrak

 Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis manajemen kompetensi dosen Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta. Pendekatan teori yang digunakan yaitu teori manajemen kompetensi dosen yang mengacu pada kebijakan, program dan teknik pelaksanaan kompetensi keilmuan, kompetensi dakwah, kompetensi akhlak dan kompetensi akidah. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yaitu dengan cara menggambarkan dan menganalisis tentang realitas yang terjadi pada objek yang diteliti yang mengacu pada paradigma naturalistis dengan cara mengonstruksi realitas penelitian secara alamiah. Hasil temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen kompetensi dosen Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta dinilai sangat efektif dengan mengintegrasikan karakter akademik dan karakter spiritual. Manajemen kompetensi dosen Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta dianalisis melalui 4 aspek yaitu pengelolaan kompetensi keilmuan, pengelolaan kompetensi dakwah, pengelolaan kompetensi akhlak dan pengelolaan kompetensi aqidah. Keberhasilan dalam pengelolaan kompetensi dosen Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta yaitu meningkatnya integrasi karakter akademik dan karakter spiritual dosen dalam ranah teori dan implementasi.
Freedom, Freedom... but What Kind of Freedom? Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sense of Freedom as Predictors of Preferences for Political Community and Attitudes Towards Democracy
Authors: Radkiewicz Piotr , Skarzynska Krystyna
Published: November 2019

In theoretical considerations on democracy freedom is sometimes understood in unconditional and conditional terms. This general distinction underlies I. Berlin's concept of negative and positive freedom, and E. Fromm's concept of 'freedom from' and 'freedom to'. The authors of this paper introduce the concept of extrinsic and intrinsic sense of freedom which is meant to be psychological representation of the philosophical distinction on unconditional and conditional freedom, respectively. An extrinsic freedom results from a lack of external restrictions/barriers, whereas intrinsic freedom is based on the belief that being free means compatibility between one's own actions and preferred values, life goals or worldview. Based on nationwide survey data, the authors show that both forms of freedom are embedded in entirely different basic human values and moral intuitions. Further, it is shown that intrinsic freedom negatively predicts liberal orientation and clearly favors communitarian orientation, whereas extrinsic freedom clearly favors liberal orientation. The authors argue that both forms of experiencing freedom have different effects on support for the principles of liberal democracy. The positive effect of extrinsic freedom is indirect, i.e., entirely mediated by liberal orientation. On the other hand, the effect of intrinsic freedom can be decomposed into three components: a) as a positive direct effect, b) as a positive indirect effect (by strengthening the communitarian orientation), and c) as a negative indirect effect (by weakening the liberal orientation). In conclusion, the consequences of intrinsic and extrinsic freedom are discussed in the light of their relationships with support for democratic principles.
Cien años de normalismo en Argentina (1870-1970). Apuntes sobre una burocracia destinada a la formación de docentes
Authors: Rodríguez Laura Graciela
Published: November 2019

En Argentina, el normalismo se inició con la creación de la primera Escuela Normal de Paraná en 1870, bajo el impulso del presidente Domingo F. Sarmiento. En1968, durante un gobierno dictatorial se decidió por Decreto terminar definitivamente con la experiencia normalista como rama del nivel medio, pasándola al nivel terciario. En 1970 se abrió por primera vez la inscripción para los/as aspirantes a la docencia en las nuevas instituciones. En este artículo se analizará cómo el Estado diseñó los inicios, el desarrollo y el final de un sistema de Escuelas Normales donde se asentó una burocracia nacional destinada a formar maestros/as y, en menor cantidad, profesores/as, a lo largo de 100 años, es decir, entre 1870 y 1970. Reconstruiremos el proceso de fundaciones de las Escuelas de maestros/as y de Profesores/as, caracterizaremos a las que estuvieron orientadas a formar maestros/as para las escuelas rurales, estudiaremos la evolución de las instituciones privadas y finalmente, nos detendremos en el último período (1956-1969).
Los estudiantes universitarios y sus metas académicas. Implicancias en el logro y retraso de los estudios
Authors: Moreno Jacqueline Elizabet , Chiecher Analía , Paoloni Paola
Published: November 2019

El artículo analiza las metas con que estudiantes de ingeniería afrontaron el aprendizaje en el momento de ingresar en la universidad y cinco años después. Particularmente interesan las relaciones de las metas, con el logro o demora en el cursado de la carrera. Participaron 48 estudiantes de ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, pertenecientes a la cohorte 2012, quienes fueron contactados para la recolección de datos cinco años después de su ingreso. Los 48 sujetos dieron respuesta a un cuestionario administrado personalmente. Los resultados mostraron que entre los estudiantes con trayectorias de logro prevalecen desde el ingreso, y se sostienen cinco años después, metas de aprendizaje. Mientras que, en aquellos estudiantes que tras cinco años de cursado no habían aprobado aún el 50% de la carrera, prevalecían metas tales como salvar la autoestima y evitar el fracaso, asociadas con la adopción de conductas poco favorables para el aprendizaje.
Sexting: percepciones de estudiantes tucumanos sobre motivaciones y riesgos
Authors: Narvaja Maria Evangelina
Published: November 2019

Este trabajo analiza, en función del género, las percepciones de estudiantes tucumanos acerca de: a) las motivaciones que conducen a los y las adolescentes a participar del sexting; b) las posibles situaciones problemáticas de la difusión no consentida de las imágenes, y c) las experiencias de ciberacoso sexual. Se aplicó una encuesta a una muestra representativa de estudiantes de la provincia de Tucumán. La muestra final se distribuyó en 346 mujeres (52.5 %) y 312 varones (47.3 %). Las edades estuvieron comprendidas entre los 12 y 20 años (M= 14.98; D.T: 1.6). Los resultados muestran que la práctica del sexting obedece a múltiples motivaciones, entre las que se encuentran el deseo de popularidad, de presumir con alguien que les gusta, o de tener relaciones sexuales. Entre las mayores preocupaciones de la viralización de las imágenes se encuentra el hecho de que sus padres se sintieran avergonzados y el riesgo de dañar su reputación.