bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Einstellungen und Adhärenz zur evidenzbasierten Praxis von in Brandenburg tätigen Physiotherapeut*innen
Authors: Spieß Pauline-Marie , Bahns Carolin , Kopkow Christian
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund Für Deutschland liegen noch unzureichende Daten zur Einstellung und Adhärenz von Physiotherapeut*innen gegenüber Evidenzbasierter Praxis (EBP) vor, insbesondere für im Bundesland Brandenburg tätige Physiotherapeut*innen.

Ziel Erfassung der 1) Einstellungen und Adhärenz gegenüber EBP von in Brandenburg tätigen Physiotherapeut*innen und die 2) Ableitung von Barrieren und Förderfaktoren für die Einhaltung der EBP.

Methodik Von März bis April 2022 wurde eine Online-Befragung unter in Brandenburg tätigen Physiotherapeut*innen durchgeführt. Die Teilnehmenden füllten die deutschsprachige Version des „Evidence-based Practice Inventory“ aus, einem Fragebogen mit 5 Dimensionen zur Erfassung von Barrieren und Förderfaktoren hinsichtlich EBP. Zusätzlich wurden soziodemografische Daten erfragt. Die Auswertung erfolgte deskriptiv.

Ergebnisse Es nahmen 101 Physiotherapeut*innen an der Befragung teil, davon 75 (74 %) Frauen und 26 (26 %) Männer. Die Befragten waren im Durchschnitt 39 Jahre (± 13) alt und verfügten über eine Berufserfahrung von 16 Jahren (± 12). Mehr als 70 % der Teilnehmenden hatten eine positive Einstellung gegenüber EBP. Knapp 55 % der Physiotherapeut*innen fühlten sich in der Lage, Prinzipien der EBP in ihren klinischen Entscheidungen anzuwenden. Gleichzeitig gaben weniger als 20 % an, dass in ihrer Abteilung sehr darauf geachtet wird, Prinzipien der EBP in klinischen Entscheidungen anzuwenden. Im Durchschnitt wiesen 30 % der Befragten eine hohe EBP-Adhärenz in den 5 Dimensionen auf. Die wichtigsten Förderfaktoren für Adhärenz zur EBP bildeten die Autor*innenschaft oder Mitarbeit an wissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungen und die Teilnahme an einem Kurs zur EBP.

Schlussfolgerung Die Einstellung von in Brandenburg tätigen Physiotherapeut*innen gegenüber EBP ist grundlegend positiv. Es zeigte sich jedoch, dass die Adhärenz zur EBP nur bei einem geringeren Anteil der Physiotherapeut*innen stark ausgeprägt ist. Barrieren und Förderfaktoren sollten näher untersucht werden, um zielgerichtete Interventionen zu entwickeln und die Implementierung von EBP im klinischen Alltag zu verbessern.
Hypoglykämien in Arzneimittelstudien zu Typ2-Diabetes mellitus: Erhebung, Auswertung und Berichterstattung
Authors: Kaiser Thomas , Potthast Regine
Published: October 2023

Bereits in den ersten Jahren der frühen Nutzenbewertung nach dem Arzneimittelmarkt-Neuordnungsgesetz (AMNOG) drehte sich die Frage nach dem Zusatznutzen eines neuen Wirkstoffs oft darum, ob die in den Studien beobachteten Ergebnisse zu Hypoglykämien interpretierbar sind.

Die wesentlichen Punkte zum Themenbereich „Hypoglykämien“ wurden auch in der Workshopreihe von AkdÄ, DDG, G-BA und IQWiG diskutiert. Dazu gehören die Operationalisierung schwerer und nicht schwerer Hypoglykämien, die gesonderte Auswertung nächtlicher Hypoglykämien, verschiedene durch das Studiendesign bedingte Einflussfaktoren für das Hypoglykämierisiko sowie die Auswertung und Berichterstattung der Ergebnisse zu Hypoglykämien.

Dabei zeigt sich an verschiedenen Stellen Verbesserungspotenzial, das für die Planung zukünftiger Studien genutzt werden sollte. Dies betrifft unter anderem eine klare Abgrenzung von Hypoglykämien unterschiedlicher Relevanz, die Vereinheitlichung entsprechender Definitionen für Arzneimittelstudien sowie die vollständige Berichterstattung zum zeitlichen Verlauf des Auftretens von Hypoglykämien. Auch wurden Aspekte des Studiendesigns identifiziert, die Einfluss auf das Hypoglykämierisiko haben können und daher entweder die Übertragbarkeit der Studie in Frage stellen (unrealistische Therapiesituation) oder zu einem unfairen und damit nicht interpretierbaren Vergleich innerhalb einer Studie führen (z.B. durch zwischen den Behandlungsgruppen unterschiedliche Therapieziele). Auch diese Aspekte sollten bei der zukünftigen Studienplanung berücksichtigt werden, um die Interpretierbarkeit von Arzneimittelstudien bei Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus nicht zu gefährden.
Wie geht es der Pflege?
Authors: Huber Gerhard , Weiß Klaus , Köppel Maximilian
Published: October 2023

Insgesamt waren im Jahr 2020 in Deutschland 1,7 Mio. Pflegekräfte sowohl
in der Kranken- als auch in der Altenpflege beschäftigt. Obwohl wir
diese quantitativen Merkmale des Arbeitsmarktes Pflege und deren Dynamik recht
gut kennen, liegen bis jetzt nur wenige Erkenntnisse darüber vor, wie
die Pflegekräfte selbst ihre Situation, insbesondere in Bezug auf die
arbeitsplatzspezifische Gesundheit, einschätzen. Im Rahmen des Projektes
POLKA werden bewegungsbezogene Gesundheitsförderungsprogramme
für Pflegekräfte in der stationären Altenpflege
entwickelt und implementiert. Als Planungsgrundlage wurde dazu eine
Querschnittuntersuchung an 793 Mitarbeiter*innen in 16
Pflegeeinrichtungen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse und Befunde
bestätigen nur teilweise die in der massenmedialen Kommunikation
verbreiteten Annahmen zur Pflegebranche. So unterstützen sowohl die
Strukturmerkmale der Stichprobe als auch die erhobenen Einstellungen unserer
Stichprobe nicht komplett die Einschätzung der Pflege als Pflegefall.
Die Daten wurden genutzt, um im POLKA-Projekt ein pflegespezifisches Portfolio
von Interventionen zu entwickeln und zu implementieren.
Tod im Rettungsdienst
Authors: Sefrin Peter , Tatschner Thomas
Published: October 2023

Der Tod im Rettungsdienst kann in verschiedenen Szenarien zu differenten Handlungsweisen führen. Tritt der Tod in der häuslichen Umgebung auf, muss primär zwischen einem natürlichen und
einem nicht natürlichen Tod unterschieden werden. Der Notarzt kann sich in einigen Bundesländern auf eine vorläufige Leichenschau beschränken. Bei einer leblosen Person in der Öffentlichkeit,
bei der häufig durch Notfallzeugen oder Rettungspersonal bereits eine Reanimation begonnen wurde, entscheidet der Notarzt über das weitere Verfahren: Abbruch oder Fortführen der Reanimation.
Beim Tod während des Transportes kann die Übergabe der Leiche in der Klinik als Toteinlieferung erfolgen. Für die Zukunft sollte das Bestattungsrecht der Länder die besonderen Aspekte des
Rettungsdienstes berücksichtigen.
Revision Rhytidectomy: Pearls and Pitfalls
Authors: Ziai Kasra , Azizzadeh Babak
Published: October 2023

While rhytidectomy can yield remarkable results, some patients may subsequently require revision rhytidectomy due to either unsatisfactory outcomes from primary surgery or the natural aging process many years later. Like most other secondary plastic surgical procedures, revision rhytidectomy is a complex undertaking and fraught with potential pitfalls. This can be attributable to natural or postsurgical alterations that can occur with the facial skin, superficial musculoaponeurotic system/platysma muscle, and/or facial nerve landmarks. Additionally, complications such as cobra neck deformity, pixie ear deformity, and synkinesis can add an extra level of complexity to revisional surgery. Furthermore, as more surgeons are performing deep-plane facelifts and more aggressive neck procedures, the risks are further amplified in revisional surgery. In this article, we review the challenges that a facelift surgeon may face when performing revision rhytidectomy and the technical considerations to overcome these obstacles.
Does government investment push up manufacturing labor costs? Evidence from China
Authors: Liuyi Yang , Yunchan Zhu , Feirong Ren
Published: October 2023

China’s labor costs have risen rapidly compared with other emerging market countries in recent years. Government investment is an essential factor pushing labor costs, a unique and exciting phenomenon in China. This paper explains why labor costs in China’s industrial manufacturing industry have rapidly increased from the local government investment perspective. First, the government’s preference for investment in infrastructure construction creates labor demand and drives up labor costs. Second, the improvement of infrastructure lowers the transaction costs of the enterprise sector, thus expanding the scale of production and triggering a rise in labor costs. The empirical results show that for every 1% increase in government investment, the unit labor cost increases by 0.0013 units, and the nominal labor cost increases by 1.443 units. A series of robustness tests support the results. China should rationally control the scale of government investment so that labor costs are in a moderate growth range and then promote the sustainable development of enterprises.
Mastery and social position: factors in negotiating urban social resilience
Authors: Benitez-Avila Camilo , Schuberth Florian , Copeland Samantha
Published: October 2023

The pragmatic view of urban resilience has re-framed long-lasting social issues as chronic social stresses that can be addressed by building strong social networks in urban environments. This practice, inspired by disaster management, is problematic because it presupposes a community whose members share the same fate. Conversely, social vulnerability emerges from the asymmetrical distribution of agency in the social order, so that a low social position jeopardises life chances. Hence, we argue that the social dimension in urban resilience should focus on the role of social positions and individuals’ agentic predispositions to control their life chances if faced with adversity (i.e., their Mastery). Using structural equation modelling and data from a 2018 public Dutch survey, we found that when mediated by Mastery, socioeconomic status drives the individual’s positive adaptation behaviour. In contrast, Interaction with Primary Networks, Neighbourhood Cohesion, and Membership in Voluntary Associations have an unsubstantial relationship to positive adaptation. These empirical results suggest that Mastery is crucial for people’s resilience in their daily life. In view of the recent shift towards negotiation in resilience thinking, we propose Mastery as the guiding factor for transforming arrangements that shape social positions.
An ultra-low field SQUID magnetometer for measuring antiferromagnetic and weakly remanent magnetic materials at low temperatures
Authors: Paulsen Michael , Lindner Julian , Klemke Bastian , Beyer Jörn , Fechner Michael , Meier Dennis , Kiefer Klaus
Published: October 2023

A novel setup for measuring magnetic fields of antiferromagnets (i.e., quadrupolar or higher-order magnetic fields) and generally weakly remanent magnetic materials is presented. The setup features a highly sensitive superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer with a magnetic field resolution of ∼ 10 fT and non-electric temperature control of the sample space for a temperature range of 1.5–65 K with a non-electric sample movement drive and optical position encoding. To minimize magnetic susceptibility effects, the setup components are degaussed and realized with plastic materials in sample proximity. Running the setup in magnetically shielded rooms allows for a well-defined ultra-low magnetic background field well below 150 nT in situ. The setup enables studies of inherently weak magnetic materials, which cannot be measured with high field susceptibility setups, optical methods, or neutron scattering techniques, giving new opportunities for the research on, e.g., spin-spiral multiferroics, skyrmion materials, and spin ices.
Large-eddy simulations of compressible Rayleigh–Taylor turbulence with miscible fluids using spatial gradient model
Authors: Luo Tengfei , Wang Yunpeng , Yuan Zelong , Jiang Zhou , Huang Wenfeng , Wang Jianchun
Published: October 2023

Large-eddy simulations (LES) and implicit LES (ILES) of three-dimensional compressible Rayleigh–Taylor turbulence with miscible fluids are performed and compared with direct numerical simulation (DNS) at the Atwood number At=0.5 and stratification parameters Sr = 1.0 and 4.0. Three sub-grid-scale (SGS) models including constant-coefficient spatial gradient model (CSGM), dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM), and dynamic mixed model (DMM) are considered. The CSGM model achieves a high accuracy by using the velocity gradients at the neighboring LES grids. The a priori tests show that the CSGM model has significantly higher correlation coefficients and lower relative errors than traditional SGS models. In the a posteriori tests, the probability density functions of SGS terms predicted by the CSGM model are consistent with the filtered DNS results. The CSGM model can accurately predict the small bubble and spike structures, resulting in good predictions of mixing heights and concentration fields. The instantaneous structures, spectra, and statistics of velocity and vorticity fields are also examined, showing the excellent performance of the CSGM model compared to the ILES, DSM, and DMM models. Moreover, the predictions of the temperature and pressure fields by the CSGM model are significantly better than the traditional SGS models and ILES.
A platform for far-infrared spectroscopy of quantum materials at millikelvin temperatures
Authors: Onyszczak Michael , Uzan-Narovlansky Ayelet J. , Tang Yue , Wang Pengjie , Jia Yanyu , Yu Guo , Song Tiancheng , Singha Ratnadwip , Khoury Jason F. , Schoop Leslie M. , Wu Sanfeng
Published: October 2023

Optical spectroscopy of quantum materials at ultralow temperatures is rarely explored, yet it may provide critical characterizations of quantum phases not possible using other approaches. We describe the development of a novel experimental platform that enables optical spectroscopic studies, together with standard electronic transport, of materials at millikelvin temperatures inside a dilution refrigerator. The instrument is capable of measuring both bulk crystals and micrometer-sized two-dimensional van der Waals materials and devices. We demonstrate its performance by implementing photocurrent-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy on a monolayer WTe2 device and a multilayer 1T-TaS2 crystal, with a spectral range available from the near-infrared to the terahertz regime and in magnetic fields up to 5 T. In the far-infrared regime, we achieve spectroscopic measurements at a base temperature as low as ∼43 mK and a sample electron temperature of ∼450 mK. Possible experiments and potential future upgrades of this versatile instrumental platform are envisioned.
Coupling-gap free integrated microresonator: Theory and experimental analysis
Authors: Kumar Bag Saawan , Kar Sauradeep , P. Venkatachalam , Sinha Rajat K. , Kumar Selvaraja Shankar , Varshney Shailendra K.
Published: October 2023

Microring resonators (MRRs), typically comprising straight and ring waveguides, have played pivotal importance in recent years as far as integrated on-chip systems are concerned. The evanescent coupling in such MRR or solid microdisk resonators is very sensitive to the coupling gap between two waveguides, which affects the resonator’s performance. To overcome the stringent requirement of the gap between two waveguides, we propose a coupling-gap-free, on-chip ellipsoid microresonator. The theoretical framework has been deduced to attain the modal properties of such integrated microresonator geometry, which shows an excellent agreement with the finite difference time domain simulations and experimental results. The absence of a coupling region makes the device uniquely compact and robust, with an insertion loss of ∼5 dB. The resonator’s geometrical dimensions can also be conveniently scaled within certain constraints. The proposed device can be a potential alternative to MRRs and could help in applications such as optical filters, delay lines, on-chip sensing, and many more.
Passive control of flow rate change due to the input pressure fluctuation based on microchannel deformation
Authors: Nam Mi Song , Sang Ha Truong , Choi Hyoung Gwon , Kim Ki Woon , Lee Choongyeop , Heo Yun Jung
Published: October 2023

Precise and controlled drug delivery is crucial in continuous infusion systems used for drug treatment, anesthesia, cancer chemotherapy, and pain management. Elastometric pumps are commonly utilized in continuous infusion systems for their ease of use and cost-effectiveness. However, the infusion accuracy is often compromised due to the fluctuating supply pressure of elastomeric pumps, requiring an additional flow regulator to stabilize the output flow rate. We, here, present a novel approach to passively control a flow rate even under the fluctuating pressure environment based on a channel deformation. The flow rate control is enabled by a flow regulator consisting of an open-end microchannel, a closed-end microchannel, and a flexible membrane in the middle. The pressure within an open-end microchannel decreases in the downstream direction, while the pressure within a closed-end microchannel remains equal to the input pressure, creating the pressure difference between the two channels. The membrane deforms in response to this pressure difference, allowing for adjustment of the output flow rate by decreasing the flow path area with the increase in the input pressure. It is found that this concept successfully works by maintaining a steady output flow rate over a target pressure range of 40–50 kPa. Fluid–structure interaction numerical simulations and theoretical analysis are used to explain the flow rate control mechanism of the device. The results show that the present approach offers a promising solution for achieving stable drug delivery in continuous drug infusion systems, addressing the limitations of conventional elastomeric pumps.
Cathode sheath parameters and their influences on arc root behavior after liquid metal bridge rupture in atmospheric air
Authors: Peng Shidong , Li Jing , Yang Juncheng , Yu Longbin , Cao Yundong , Liu Shuxin , Qiao Likui
Published: October 2023

The cathode sheath (CS) formation of the direct current air circuit breaker is simulated by a fluid model, and the influence of metal vapor concentration between the contacts after liquid metal bridge rupture is considered. The CS conductivity increases with the increasing concentration of copper vapor. The copper vapor concentration increases from 5% to 95%, and the thickness of the positive space charge layer and ionization layer increases from 22.3 and 49.1 μm to 51.8 and 81.7 μm, respectively. Increasing the CS conductivity is beneficial for the motion of arc roots in a certain range.
Generalized finite difference method-based numerical modeling of oil–water two-phase flow in anisotropic porous media
Authors: Zhan Wentao , Zhao Hui , Rao Xiang , Liu Yuyang
Published: October 2023

This paper applies generalized finite difference method (GFDM) to a compressible two-phase flow in anisotropic porous media with the aim of further extending the wider application of this class of meshless methods. We develop an implicit Euler scheme in time and a GFDM discretization in space based on two treatments of the anisotropic permeability tensor in continuous function expression and discrete distribution. The effectiveness and generality of GFDM for two-phase flow problems in anisotropic porous media are verified by three examples with rectangular, irregular, and complex boundaries. Also, the computational performance of the method is verified according to the error calculation with L2 absolute error functions in different node collocation schemes. In addition, the sensitivity analysis of the radius of the influence domain to the transient pressure equation (parabolic equation) and the saturation equation (hyperbolic equation) is considered. It generally holds that the larger the radius of the influence domain, the lower the calculation accuracy in the case of Cartesian collocation. This may be a preliminary rule for the radius choice of the influence domain for GFDM. In sum, this work provides an efficient and accurate meshless solver to handle two-phase flow problems in anisotropic porous media under the GFDM framework, which reveals the great application potential of GFDM in reservoir numerical simulation.
Best modeling practice for self-propulsion simulation of ship model in calm water
Authors: Jin Shanqin , Peng Heather , Qiu Wei , Oldfield Chad , Stockdill Barton
Published: October 2023

This paper presents the development of best Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes modeling practices for simulations of propeller–hull interaction in calm water using Star-CCM+. Extensive convergence studies were carried out to examine effects of various propeller modeling methods and parameters, such as non-dimensional wall distance, grid resolution/distribution, and turbulence model. Bare-hull resistance and propeller open-water performance were first examined. For propeller–hull interaction, a simplified body-force method and a detailed propeller modeling method were applied to predict the wake fraction and propeller performance behind the hull. The difference in accuracy of the two methods was quantified, and the best modeling practices were recommended based on the convergence studies. Validation studies were carried out for the Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering Container Ship model. The pseudo-effective wake fraction determined from computational fluid dynamics simulations was introduced and compared with the experimental effective wake fraction.
Effect of upstream flow characteristics on the wake topology of a square-back truck
Authors: Deng Zan , Wang Fan , Zeng Chao , Zhang Jie , Gao Guangjun
Published: October 2023

The influence of upstream flow characteristics on the bi-stable flow structure in the wake region of a simplified square-back heavy vehicle model at a Reynolds number of 2.7 × 104 was investigated by using the improved delayed detached eddy simulation method. The asymmetric wake structure of this model and its corresponding aerodynamic response were examined, aiming to identify the effect mechanism of three inlet profiles on the asymmetric wake structure of the named ground transportation system (GTS) model in simulations. The accuracy of the numerical method used in this study was validated by comparison with wake structure data, including the flow states, vortex core's location, and aerodynamic drag obtained from previous large eddy simulations and water channel experiments. The numerical results show that different turbulent inlet velocity profiles lead to different wake topologies. When the turbulent velocity profile with a turbulence intensity of 15% generated by TurbSim, a stochastic inflow turbulence tool for generating turbulent velocity inlet on an atmospheric boundary layer profile, is used, the expected bi-stable flow topology is still observed, but it is not shown in the case by means of the turbulence generator incorporated into ANSYS Fluent. Those turbulent inlet velocity profiles contribute to the increase in GTS model's aerodynamic drag forces. Compared to the uniform velocity profile, the TurbSim velocity profile can achieve a drag increase in 7.23%. In addition, this turbulent profile intensifies the flow fluctuations in the wake region and enhances the transient response frequency of the wake region. Thus, when assessing the vehicle aerodynamic performance in open air, especially under crosswinds, the real turbulence velocity profile, e.g., the profile generated by TurbSim in the current study, is recommended to be used for a more accurate prediction in numerical simulations.
Deciphering the influence of shape on vortex-induced vibrations: Insight from diamond and equilateral triangle cylinder simulations
Authors: Sourav A. Kumar , Tallapragada B. Phanindra
Published: October 2023

In this study, we present a comprehensive numerical investigation on the impact of geometric shapes on vortex-induced vibrations (VIV). We deploy the OpenFOAM computational fluid dynamics toolbox to simulate undamped transverse flow-induced vibrations in diamond and equilateral triangular cylinders, operating at a Reynolds number of 100 in a uniform flow. Both cylinders possess an identical mass ratio of 10 and operate within a reduced velocity range of 1–13. Our findings reveal a substantial shift in VIV branching behavior when transitioning from a diamond to a triangular geometry, with both cylinders exhibiting solely VIV responses. Intriguingly, the triangular cylinder does not exhibit a lock-out feature. Furthermore, the triangular cylinder showcases rich dynamical behavior, the occurrence of beating. Coinciding with this geometric transition is a surge in fluid forces and heightened flow asymmetry. While the diamond cylinder predominantly exhibits the P + S mode of vortex shedding, the triangular cylinder displays an unconventional 2P vortex arrangement, contributing to the observed asymmetry. As the geometry transitions from diamond to triangular, we note a phase alignment between the lift and transverse displacement. Remarkably, the triangular cylinder exhibits a higher energy conversion efficiency than its diamond counterpart. This research underscores the significant influence of geometry on vortex-induced vibrations, providing pivotal insight for optimizing the design and performance of structures subjected to fluid flows.
Integrability and dynamics of a simplified class B laser system
Authors: Llibre J. , Pantazi C.
Published: October 2023

A simplified class B laser system is a family of differential polynomial systems of degree two depending on the parameters a and b. Its rich dynamics has already been observed in 1980s, see Arecchi et al. [Opt. Commun. 51, 308–314 (1984)] and Politi et al. [Phys. Rev. A 33, 4055 (1986)], and still nowadays, it attracts the interest of the researchers. In this paper, we characterize its dynamics near infinity for all values of the parameters. When a=0, the partial integrability was already proved by Oppo and Politi [Z. Phys. B Con. Mat. 59, 111–115 (1985)]. Here, we prove that for a=0, it is completely integrable with two independent first integrals given by Liouvillian functions, and we present a complete study of its dynamics. When a≠0, we study its dynamics in the Poincaré ball B3, i.e., the interior of this ball is identified with R3 and its boundary the two-dimensional sphere S2 is identified with the infinity of R3.
Steady elongational flow from rotarance theory
Authors: Pak Myong Chol , Giacomin A. J. , Kanso M. A.
Published: October 2023

The physics of macromolecular orientation has been used to explain the elasticity of polymeric liquids. Specifically, by first sculpting a rigid bead–rod likeness of the macromolecule, we can then derive its hydrodynamic resistance to orientation. The solution for the orientation distribution function has then been used, by integration in phase space, to get rheological material functions in both (i) small- and (ii) large-amplitude oscillatory shear flow, including its limiting case, and (iii) steady shear flow. However, rheological material functions in steady homogeneous extension from rigid bead–rod theory remain elusive. In this paper, we derive the orientation distribution function, and the rheological material functions, for suspensions of general rigid bead–rod structures. We focus on the time-steady viscosities in extension, and we first do so for general extensional kinematics. We then obtain the viscosities in steady extension for (iv) uniaxial extension, (v) planar extension, and (vi) biaxial extension. We close with a worked example, in which we use our new result for the steady uniaxial extensional viscosity to build a bridge between the macromolecular theory and the Oldroyd framework for rheological constitutive models. We, thus, arrive at a constitutive equation whose parameters are deducible from the moments of inertia of the macromolecule, and thus, deducible from macromolecular architecture alone. Our model is accurate up to third order for time-independent flows and is accurate to second order for time-dependent ones.
Salicylic acid and RNA interference mediate antiviral immunity of plant stem cells
Authors: Incarbone Marco , Bradamante Gabriele , Pruckner Florian , Wegscheider Tobias , Rozhon Wilfried , Nguyen Vu , Gutzat Ruben , Mérai Zsuzsanna , Lendl Thomas , MacFarlane Stuart , Nodine Michael , Scheid Ortrun Mittelsten
Published: October 2023

Stem cells are essential for the development and organ regeneration of multicellular organisms, so their infection by pathogenic viruses must be prevented. Accordingly, mammalian stem cells are highly resistant to viral infection due to dedicated antiviral pathways including RNA interference (RNAi). In plants, a small group of stem cells harbored within the shoot apical meristem generate all postembryonic above-ground tissues, including the germline cells. Many viruses do not proliferate in these cells, yet the molecular bases of this exclusion remain only partially understood. Here, we show that a plant-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, after activation by the plant hormone salicylic acid, amplifies antiviral RNAi in infected tissues. This provides stem cells with RNA-based virus sequence information, which prevents virus proliferation. Furthermore, we find RNAi to be necessary for stem cell exclusion of several unrelated RNA viruses, despite their ability to efficiently suppress RNAi in the rest of the plant. This work elucidates a molecular pathway of great biological and economic relevance and lays the foundations for our future understanding of the unique systems underlying stem cell immunity.
Neural evidence of switch processes during semantic and phonetic foraging in human memory
Authors: Lundin Nancy B. , Brown Joshua W. , Johns Brendan T. , Jones Michael N. , Purcell John R. , Hetrick William P. , O’Donnell Brian F. , Todd Peter M.
Published: October 2023

Humans may retrieve words from memory by exploring and exploiting in “semantic space” similar to how nonhuman animals forage for resources in physical space. This has been studied using the verbal fluency test (VFT), in which participants generate words belonging to a semantic or phonetic category in a limited time. People produce bursts of related items during VFT, referred to as “clustering” and “switching.” The strategic foraging model posits that cognitive search behavior is guided by a monitoring process which detects relevant declines in performance and then triggers the searcher to seek a new patch or cluster in memory after the current patch has been depleted. An alternative body of research proposes that this behavior can be explained by an undirected rather than strategic search process, such as random walks with or without random jumps to new parts of semantic space. This study contributes to this theoretical debate by testing for neural evidence of strategically timed switches during memory search. Thirty participants performed category and letter VFT during functional MRI. Responses were classified as cluster or switch events based on computational metrics of similarity and participant evaluations. Results showed greater hippocampal and posterior cerebellar activation during switching than clustering, even while controlling for interresponse times and linguistic distance. Furthermore, these regions exhibited ramping activity which increased during within-patch search leading up to switches. Findings support the strategic foraging model, clarifying how neural switch processes may guide memory search in a manner akin to foraging in patchy spatial environments.
B cell diversification in gut-associated lymphoid tissues: From birds to humans
Authors: Weill Jean-Claude , Weller Sandra , Reynaud Claude-Agnès
Published: October 2023

Several species generate their preimmune repertoire in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), compensating a reduced germline V gene repertoire by post-rearrangement diversification mechanisms (gene conversion and/or somatic hypermutation) in these environments that act as primary lymphoid organs. We summarize here these processes for three different species (chickens, sheep, and rabbits) and further discuss the analogous process that T-independent B cell responses in humans represent: we indeed recently showed that response against bacterial polysaccharides mobilize marginal zone B cells that prediversified against gut antigens. While the initial diversification strategy differs in these two cases, i.e., repertoire formation driven by gut-derived mitotic signals vs. response against gut antigens, the common feature of these two processes is the mobilization of a B cell compartment prediversified in GALT for immune responses against distinct systemic antigens.
Moiré Synaptic Transistor for Homogeneous-Architecture Reservoir Computing
Authors: Wang 王 Pengfei 鹏飞 , Chen 陈 Moyu 墨雨 , Xie 谢 Yongqin 永勤 , Pan 潘 Chen 晨 , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Cheng 程 Bin 斌 , Liang 梁 Shi-Jun 世军 , Miao 缪 Feng 峰
Published: October 2023

Reservoir computing has been considered as a promising intelligent computing paradigm for effectively processing complex temporal information. Exploiting tunable and reproducible dynamics in the single electronic device have been desired to implement the “reservoir” and the “readout” layer of reservoir computing system. Two-dimensional moiré materials, with an artificial lattice constant many times larger than the atomic length scale, are one type of most studied artificial quantum materials in community of material science and condensed-matter physics over the past years. These materials are featured with gate-tunable periodic potential and electronic correlation, thus varying the electric field allows the electrons in the moiré potential per unit cell to exhibit distinct and reproducible dynamics, showing great promise in robust reservoir computing. Here, we report that a moiré synaptic transistor can be used to implement the reservoir computing system with a homogeneous reservoir-readout architecture. The synaptic transistor is fabricated based on an h-BN/bilayer graphene/h-BN moiré heterostructure, exhibiting ferroelectricity-like hysteretic gate voltage dependence of resistance. Varying the magnitude of the gate voltage enables the moiré transistor to switch between long-term memory and short-term memory with nonlinear dynamics. By employing the short- and long-term memories as the reservoir nodes and weights of the readout layer, respectively, we construct a full-moiré physical neural network and demonstrate that the classification accuracy of 90.8% can be achieved for the MNIST (Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology) handwritten digits database. Our work would pave the way towards the development of neuromorphic computing based on moiré materials.
Non-contact voltage measurement of residential cables based on internal parameter conversion and centering probe assistance
Authors: Huang Rujin , Zhang Wenbin , Suo Chunguang
Published: October 2023

Existing non-contact voltage measurement technology cannot be applied to residential cables containing neutral wire and earth wire in addition to live wire. A non-contact voltage measurement method of residential cables is introduced in this article. First, an equivalent circuit model of the residential cable measurement based on capacitive coupling is established. In order to solve the problem of uncertain coupling capacitance, which leading to the inability to accurately obtain the voltage amplitude, a calibration method based on internal parameter conversion and centering probe assistance is proposed. This method calibrates the cable voltage through different transfer relationships and sensor outputs, and no known reference excitation is required during calibration. Subsequently, the impact of internal parameters on measurement accuracy are analyzed and selection principles are provided. Through finite element simulation, the influence of metal spring for centering on voltage measurement is analyzed, and the measurement error of non-ideal cables (with eccentricity or ovality) is quantified. A prototype probe and internal parameter conversion circuit have been developed, and parasitic capacitance compensation have been completed. The measurement accuracy of 50 Hz voltage in a certain range (100–300 V) was tested in the laboratory, the maximum relative error of amplitude is −0.89%, and the relative error of phase is 0.68%. Four specifications of residential cables testing were completed, with a maximum relative error of −1.35%. Long- term testing was conducted on the actual field (output voltage of the distribution box), the test results showed that the output was linear, and the relative error were kept around 0.65% after primary calibration.
Multi-feature fusion-based TCA-WKNN cross-sensor fault diagnosis method for dynamic weighing
Authors: Liang Wei , Chen Zhixiong , Zhong Jianhua , Liao Huazhong , Zhong Shuncong
Published: October 2023

The outstanding performance of current machine-learning fault diagnosis methods is mainly attributed to the availability of a large amount of labeled training data. However, in practical dynamic weighing systems, the high costs and variability of operating conditions limit the availability of reliable training data, hampering engineering fault diagnoses in dynamic weighing systems. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel cross-sensor fault diagnosis method based on multi-feature fusion using a transfer component analysis (TCA)-weighted k-nearest-neighbor (WKNN) network. Using this method, time- and frequency-domain features are extracted from a laboratory-simulated set of fault data with small batches of real operational data. Source and target domain features are fused, and TCA is applied to map the source and target domain samples to a latent space using kernel functions to reduce the distribution differences among the samples. Finally, the WKNN is employed as a metric learner to enhance small-sample data matching and classification to improve diagnostic accuracy. The results show that with three samples per support set, the proposed method achieves a diagnostic accuracy of 93.33%. Compared with other approaches, the proposed method exhibits stronger generalizability for diagnostic knowledge transference from sensor to dynamic weighing failure data, effectively improving precision in on-site small-sample environments and reducing sample imbalances.
Synchronous disturbance suppression of active magnetic bearing rotor systems using variable period adaptive control algorithm
Authors: Bian Xiaoyu , Shi Zhengang , Sun Zhe , Zhao Jingjing , Liu Xingnan , Yan Xunshi , Mo Ni
Published: October 2023

This paper aims to investigate the issue of suppressing synchronous vibration in active magnetic bearing (AMB) systems. The rotor mass imbalance is a challenging problem for the AMB system, which will cause synchronous vibration and severely affect the system stability and safety. However, existing algorithms based on the iterative feed-forward control strategy find it difficult to simultaneously ensure system’s stability and competent convergence performance. They struggle to maintain tolerable robustness within the system operating bandwidth. This paper proposes a variable period adaptive control algorithm to address these challenges. The overall control scheme can achieve current and displacement elimination separately by switching control structures and is applicable to variable speed conditions. This algorithm can adaptively adjust the iteration period based on rotational speed to ensure both splendid convergence performance and system dynamic performance. Furthermore, this work employs the Lyapunov method to analyze the algorithm’s asymptotic stability and provides a lookup table for algorithm parameters. This could significantly enhance the robustness and stability of the algorithm within the system operating bandwidth. Finally, this methodology has proven to be effective and superior in simulations and experiments.
Simulation of intragranular plastic deformation localization in FCC polycrystals by Discrete Dislocation Dynamics
Authors: Joste Baptiste , Devincre Benoit , Gatti Riccardo , Proudhon Henry
Published: October 2023

Strain localization mechanisms taking place in polycrystal grains are investigated using Discrete Dislocation Dynamics (DDDs) simulations. First, elastic Finite Element Method simulations are used to calculate the intragranular stress distribution linked to strain incompatibilities between grains. Many configurations are tested to evaluate the stress heterogeneity and constitute a database for DDD simulations. From the analysis of these microstructures, a criterion is proposed to identify the grains where the emergence of the localization of the deformation is the most likely. Then, DDD simulations are used to explore the plastic strain localization phenomenon at the grain scale. Those simulations show that stress concentrations close to a polycrystal quadruple node can play a fundamental role in plastic strain localization. This work paves the way for future investigations to be made thanks to DDD simulations regarding slip band initiation and strain relaxation phenomena.
Hemocompatibility of dextran-graft-polyacrylamide/zinc oxide nanosystems: hemolysis or eryptosis?
Authors: Onishchenko Anatolii I , Prokopiuk Volodymyr Yu , Chumachenko Vasyl A , Virych Pavlo A , Tryfonyuk Liliya Y , Kutsevol Nataliya V , Tkachenko Anton S
Published: October 2023

Aim. In this study, blood compatibility of ZnO nanoparticles-polymer nanocomplex (D-PAA/ZnONPs(

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)) synthesized in situ into dextran-graft-polyacrylamide (D-PAA) using zinc sulphate as a precursor was tested using hemolysis, osmotic fragility and eryptosis assays. Materials and methods. Dose-dependent ability to induce eryptosis was assessed following 24 h incubation at concentrations of 0–800 mg l−1 analyzing hallmarks of eryptosis (cell shrinkage and phosphatidylserine externalization), as well as reactive oxygen species generation. Hemolysis was detected spectrophotometrically based on hemoglobin release following exposure to the D-PAA/ZnONPs(

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) nanocomplex. Osmotic fragility test (OFT) involved detection of hemolysis of red blood cells exposed to 0.2% saline solution following incubation with the D-PAA/ZnONPs(

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) nanocomplex. Additional incubation of the nanocomplex in the presence or absence of either ascorbic acid or EGTA was used to reveal the implication of oxidative stress- or Ca2+-mediated mechanisms in D-PAA/ZnONPs(

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) nanocomplex-induced erythrotoxicity. Results. Hemocompatibility assessment of the D-PAA/ZnONPs(

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) nanocomplex revealed that it induced hemolysis and reduced resistance of erythrocytes to osmotic stress at concentrations of above 400 and 200 mg l−1, respectively. Oxidative stress- or Ca2+-mediated mechanisms were not involved in D-PAA/ZnONPs(

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) nanocomplex-induced hemolysis. Strikingly, the D-PAA/ZnONPs(

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) nanocomplex did not promote cell membrane scrambling, cell shrinkage and oxidative stress in red blood cells following the direct exposure for 24 h. Thus, the D-PAA/ZnONPs(

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) nanocomplex did not induce eryptosis in vitro. Eryptosis is generally considered to occur earlier than hemolysis in response to stress in order to prevent hemolytic cell death. Counterintuitively, our data suggest that hemolysis can be triggered by nanomaterials prior to eryptosis indicating that eryptosis and hemolysis assays should be used in combination for testing blood compatibility of nanomaterials. Conclusions. The D-PAA/ZnONPs(

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) nanocomplex has a good hemocompatibility profile at low concentrations. Hemocompatibility testing in nanotoxicology should include both eryptosis and hemolysis assays.
Building hybrid structure of monolayered S-depleted Mo–S nanocrystals and 3D graphene towards promising aqueous supercapacitor applications
Authors: Zhong Longsheng , Pi Yuancheng , Gao Yu , He Yao , Wang Lijing , Liu Dezheng , Lin Liangxu
Published: October 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) 1H molybdenum disulfide (1H-MoS2) is hard to be directly used in energy storage devices due to its inert basal plane and unfavorable 2D stacking. This work demonstrated how the basal plane of 1H MoS2 nanocrystals (NCs) can be activated to offer doubled specific capacitance by simple surface S depletions. Building on the expanded graphene with three-dimensional (3D) structures, as-prepared NCs were chemically grafted on the graphene surface to deliver stable energy storage and high capacitance, which overcame above challenges of 1H-MoS2. Aside from the mostly focused metastable phase, this work confirmed that the stable 1H Mo–S material is also promising in energy storage applications.
Multi-channel EEG-based sleep staging using brain functional connectivity and domain adaptation
Authors: Yuan Wenhao , Xiang Wentao , Si Kaiyue , Yang Chunfeng , Zhao Lina , Li Jianqing , Liu Chengyu
Published: October 2023

Objective. Sleep stage recognition has essential clinical value for evaluating human physical/mental condition and diagnosing sleep-related diseases. To conduct a five-class (wake, N1, N2, N3 and rapid eye movement) sleep staging task, twenty subjects with recorded six-channel electroencephalography (EEG) signals from the ISRUC-SLEEP dataset is used. Approach. Unlike the exist methods ignoring the channel coupling relationship and non-stationarity characteristics, we developed a brain functional connectivity method to provide a new insight for multi-channel analysis. Furthermore, we investigated three frequency-domain features: two functional connectivity estimations, i.e. synchronization likelihood (SL) and wavelet-based correlation (WC) among four frequency bands, and energy ratio (ER) related to six frequency bands, respectively. Then, the Gaussian support vector machine (SVM) method was used to predict the five sleep stages. The performance of the applied features is evaluated in both subject dependence experiment by ten-fold cross validation and subject independence experiment by leave-one-subject-out cross-validation, respectively. Main results. In subject dependence experiment, the results showed that the fused feature (fusion of SL, WC and ER features) contributes significant gain the performance of SVM classifier, where the mean of classification accuracy can achieve 83.97% ± 1.04%. However, in subject-independence experiment, the individual differences EEG patterns across subjects leads to inferior accuracy. Five typical domain adaptation (DA) methods were applied to reduce the discrepancy of feature distributions by selecting the optimal subspace dimension. Results showed that four DA methods can significantly improve the mean accuracy by 1.89%–5.22% compared to the baseline accuracy 57.44% in leave-one-subject-out cross-validation. Significance. Compared with traditional time-frequency and nonlinear features, brain functional connectivity features can capture the correlation between different brain regions. For the individual EEG response differences, domain adaptation methods can transform features to improve the performance of sleep staging algorithms.
Species dependence of the impurity injection induced poloidal flow and magnetic island rotation in a tokamak
Authors: Zeng Shiyong , Zhu Ping , Ren Haijun
Published: October 2023

Recent experiments have demonstrated the species dependence of the impurity poloidal drift direction along with the magnetic island rotation in the poloidal plane. Our resistive MHD simulations have reproduced such a dependence of the impurity poloidal flow, which is found mainly determined by a local plasmoid formation due to the impurity injection. The synchronized magnetic island rotation is dominantly driven by the electromagnetic torque produced by the impurity radiation primarily through the modification to the axisymmetric components of current density.