bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Relationship between Drought Indices and Groundwater Levels
Authors: Leelaruban Navaratnam , Padmanabhan G. , Oduor Peter
Published: January 2017

Thorough characterization of the response of finite water resources to climatic factors is essential for water monitoring and management. In this study, groundwater level data from U.S. Geological Survey Ground-Water Climate Response Network wells were used to analyze the relationship between selected drought indices and groundwater level fluctuation. The drought episodes included in this study were selected using climate division level drought indices. Indices included the Palmer Drought Severity Index, Palmer Hydrological Drought Index, and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI-6, 9, 12, 24). Precipitation and the average temperature were also used. SPI-24 was found to correlate best with groundwater levels during drought. For 17 out of 32 wells, SPI-24 showed the best correlation amongst all of the indices. For 12 out of 32 wells, SPI-24 showed correlation coefficients of −0.6 or stronger; and for other wells, reasonably good correlation was demonstrated. The statistical significance of SPI-24 in predicting groundwater level was also tested. The correlation of average monthly groundwater levels with SPI-24 does not change much throughout the timeframe, for all of the studied wells. The duration of drought also had a significant correlation with the decline of groundwater levels. This study illustrates how drought indices can be used for a rapid assessment of drought impact on groundwater level.
Étude des coutumes funéraires en Crète néopalatiale.
Authors: Devolder Maud
Published: January 2017

Exploring the Cretan Neopalatial Funerary Record.

The poverty of the Neopalatial funerary record (1650/ 1640-1440/ 1430 B. C.) is the subject of this paper, for which both natural and cultural factors are explored. The exposition of corpses to the elements or their crude deposition in natural cavities seems to be the reason for their rarity in the Neopalatial archaeological landscape. It can also be related to ancient Cretan practices. The palatial sphere now appears as the alternative ritual context, better suited to the needs of the population. It seems to take an active part in the marked lack of interest for former, monumental, funerary sites, which were key features of the Pre-and Protopalatial periods. Despite the poverty of the corpus, the relevant funerary information is explored. The diversity of the funerary sites is stressed, together with their material content and the ritual practices they were the focus of.
Cuisine et pots de terre à Byzance
Authors: François Véronique
Published: January 2017

Cette étude donne à voir de façon synthétique quels étaient les ustensiles à usage culinaire, les pots de conserve, les jarres de resserre et autres petits ustensiles de cuisine utilisés devant le foyer et au cellier dans un cadre de vie urbain et rural aux périodes macédonienne, comnène et paléologue. L’interrogation conjointe des céramiques, découvertes sur des sites de Grèce, de Thrace et d’Anatolie, et des sources écrites variées dans lesquelles pots et jarres sont mentionnés permet d’une part de dresser un inventaire des divers types d’ustensiles employés dans l’Empire byzantin et, d’autre part, de replacer les objets en contexte d’utilisation.
On the Rotationally Driven Pevatron in the Center of the Milky Way
Authors: Osmanov Z , Mahajan S , Machabeli G
Published: January 2017

Based on the collective linear and nonlinear processes in a magnetized plasma surrounding the black hole at the Galactic center (GC), an acceleration mechanism is proposed to explain the recent detection/discovery of PeV protons. In a two-stage process, the gravitation energy is first converted to the electrical energy in fast-growing Langmuir waves, and then the electrical energy is transformed to the particle kinetic energy through Landau damping of waves. It is shown that, for the characteristic parameters of GC plasma, proton energy can be boosted up to 5 PeV.
The VMC Survey. XXII. Hierarchical Star Formation in the 30 Doradus-N158–N159–N160 Star-forming Complex
Authors: Sun Ning-Chen , Grijs Richard de , Subramanian Smitha , Cioni Maria-Rosa L. , Rubele Stefano , Bekki Kenji , Ivanov Valentin D. , Piatti Andrés E. , Ripepi Vincenzo
Published: January 2017

We study the hierarchical stellar structures in a ∼1.5 deg2 area covering the 30 Doradus-N158–N159–N160 star-forming complex with the VISTA Survey of Magellanic Clouds. Based on the young upper main-sequence stars, we find that the surface densities cover a wide range of values, from log(

pc2) ≲ −2.0 to log(

pc2) ≳ 0.0. Their distributions are highly non-uniform, showing groups that frequently have subgroups inside. The sizes of the stellar groups do not exhibit characteristic values, and range continuously from several parsecs to more than 100 pc; the cumulative size distribution can be well described by a single power law, with the power-law index indicating a projected fractal dimension D
2 = 1.6 ± 0.3. We suggest that the phenomena revealed here support a scenario of hierarchical star formation. Comparisons with other star-forming regions and galaxies are also discussed.
Étude géomécanique du Shale d'Utica et de sa couverture sédimentaire d'après les puits pétroliers et gaziers de la région de Saint-Édouard-de-Lotbinière, Québec
Authors: Séjourné S
Published: January 2017

L'objectif principal de l'étude visait à estimer les propriétés géomécaniques du Shale d'Utica et de sa couverture sédimentaire pour trois puits forés pour le gaz de shale dans ou à proximité de la région de
Saint-Édouard-de-Lotbinière. Pour chacun de ces puits le module de Young, le coefficient de Poisson ainsi que deux indices de fragilité ont été calculés puis évalués. La portée de l'étude a ensuite été étendue à quatre puits
pétroliers et gaziers plus anciens ne ciblant pas les gaz de shale mais des réservoirs pétroliers conventionnels.
Les propriétés géomécaniques ainsi estimées pour le Groupe de Lorraine soulignent un fort contraste mécanique avec le Shale d'Utica sous-jacent, le premier étant plus ductile (moins fragile) que le second. Les propriétés géomécaniques
définies pour le Shale d'Utica soulignent que celui-ci est aussi plus ductile que le Groupe de Trenton sous-jacent, avec un contact et un contraste géomécanique plus ou moins bien marqués de part et d'autre de la base du Shale d'Utica. Dans la plupart des puits il a
également été possible de différencier deux membres au sein du Shale d'Utica, avec un membre supérieur plus fragile et un membre inférieur plus ductile. Les résultats indiquent que, dans un contexte de fracturation hydraulique pour le gaz de shale, les
propriétés géomécaniques de la couverture sédimentaire du Shale d'Utica ne sont pas propices à la propagation des fractures hydrauliques en direction de la surface.
Cette étude a également permis d'identifier un certain nombre de travaux additionnels qui permettraient de confirmer ou raffiner les résultats obtenus ici. Les principales recommandations en ce sens sont regroupés sous trois thèmes principaux, soit 1) la caractérisation
des réseaux de fractures naturelles, 2) l'étude des propriétés géomécaniques de la couverture à faible profondeur et 3) l'étude des propriétés géomécaniques de la couverture dans les zones faillées.
68 Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography for prostate cancer imaging: A narrative literature review
Authors: Oliveira Jose , Gomes Catarina , Faria Diogo , Vieira Tiago , Silva Fernando , Vale Joana , Pimentel Francisco
Published: January 2017

The 68 Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen ( 68 Ga-PSMA) has been recently developed to be used, as a ligand, in positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) prostate cancer imaging, to detect prostate disease. The main objective of this review was to collect data and findings from other studies and articles to assess, theoretically, if 68 GA-PSMA PET/CT is a more appropriate prostate cancer diagnostic technique in comparison with others available such as CT, 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose PET/CT, or 18 F-fluoromethylcholine ( 18 F-choline) PET/CT. For that purpose, PubMed, the online scientific articles′ database, was consulted where the keywords "PSMA" and "PET" were used to find relevant articles. The clinicaltrials.gov, clinical trials′ database, was also consulted where the keywords " 68 Ga-PSMA" and "prostate" were used to search clinical trials. Based on the reviewed scientific literature, several studies were conducted to assess and compare the 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT detection rate in prostate cancer with other available techniques. One of those studies, conducted by Giesel et al., concluded, within study sample, that 75% of patients with lymph nodes detected by 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT would have not been identified using other conventional morphological criteria based techniques. In Eiber et al.′s study, 68 Ga-PSMA PET detected prostatic disease findings in 67% of patients with prostate-specific antigen levels <1 ng/mL, when compared with choline-based PET that presented detection rates between 19% and 36%. In Bluemel et al.′s study, 68 Ga-PSMA identified positive prostatic disease in 43.8% of the patients with negative findings in F-choline PET/CT. Findings from this review demonstrate that 68 Ga-PSMA PET/C is more effective in detecting metastases, lymph nodes, and recurrent prostate cancer when compared to 18 F-choline-based PET/CT and CT. 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT presents also more imaging contrast and can be more cost-effective. 68 Ga-PSMA has already been subjected to first-in-human trials, and it is now being tested in Phase II and III trials.
Contributions to the study of blood brain flux using radioactive tracers
Authors: Muresan Ioan , Cosma Ioan
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we present an original radiocirculographic method for investigates of cerebral blood flow, which has proven to be very useful, simple, and efficient for studies of brain hemodynamics.Physical considerations on injected radioactive tracer in cardiovascular system, allowed us to state a relationship for the blood flux, F, valued as the amount of fluid-blood that traverses a vascular segment in unit time. All these theoretical facts, along with a host of remarkable clinical results, are presented in a doctoral thesis entitled "The cerebral Hemodynamics in Essential Hypertension and Arteriosclerosis" of the eminent doctor Ioan Mures,an, who died in 1984, at only 50 years old. Using tracers marked with radioactive chrome 51 Cr and iodine 131 I, it was studied, for patients with various vascular diseases the blood circulation in other territories as an echo of cerebral blood flow. Outstanding results, relating to physiology, diagnosis, and therapy of some diseases, have been obtained. Through intensive collaborations, this method has been operationalized at the University Clinics of Cluj. Here, thousands of patients have been investigated, obtaining quantifiable information which highlighted the patient′s condition by emergent and incident blood flows in the global circulatory process and related to other vascular segments.
Characterizations of Operator Birkhoff–James Orthogonality
Authors: Sal Moslehian Mohammad , Zamani Ali
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we obtain some characterizations of the (strong) Birkhoff–James orthogonality for elements of Hilbert C*-modules and certain elements of . Moreover, we obtain a kind of Pythagorean relation for bounded linear operators. In addition, for we prove that if the norm attaining set is a unit sphere of some finite dimensional subspace of and , then for every , T is the strong Birkhoff–James orthogonal to S if and only if there exists a unit vector such that . Finally, we introduce a new type of approximate orthogonality and investigate this notion in the setting of inner product C*-modules.
Environmental Principles and the Evolution of Environmental Law
Authors: Scotford Eloise
Published: January 2017

Environmental principles—from the polluter pays and precautionary principles to the principles of integration and sustainability—proliferate in domestic international legal and policy discourse, refl ecting key goals of environmental protection and sustainable development on which there is apparent political consensus. Environmental principles also have a high profile in environmental law, beyond their popularity as policy and political concepts, as ideas that might unify the subject and provide it with conceptual foundations or boost its delivery of environmental outcomes. However, environmental principles are elusive legal concepts.

This book deepens the legal understanding of environmental principles in light of recent legal developments. It analyses the increasing legal effects of environmental principles in different jurisdictions and demonstrates how they are shaping and revealing innovative and evolving bodies of environmental law. This analysis is a step forward in understanding a key feature of modern environmental law and presents a robust methodology for dealing with novel legal concepts in the subject. It also makes a contribution to environmental policy debates and discussions internationally that rely heavily on environmental principles, including their supposed legal effects.
Becoming Atheist
Authors: Brown Callum G.
Published: January 2017

The Western World is becoming atheist. In the space of three generations churchgoing and religious belief have become alien to millions. We are in the midst of one of humankind’s great cultural changes. How has this happened?

Becoming Atheist explores how people of the sixties’ generation have come to live their lives as if there is no God. It tells the life narratives of those from Britain, Western Europe, the United States and Canada who came from Christian, Jewish and other backgrounds to be without faith. Based on interviews with 85 people born in 18 countries, Callum Brown shows how gender, ethnicity and childhood shape how individuals lose religion.

This book moves from statistical and broad cultural analysis to use frank, humorous and sometimes harrowing personal testimony. Becoming Atheist exposes people’s role in renegotiating their own identities, and fashioning a secular and humanist culture for the Western world.
Political Economy of Adult Learning Systems
Authors: Desjardins Richard
Published: January 2017

Based on comparative adult education statistics offered by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) and country case studies, this book analyses the policies and structures that foster adult learning. It examines a variety of forms of adult learning, ranging from initial forms of post-compulsory education, such as upper secondary tracks and tertiary education, to firm training, compensatory adult education and learning for civic and leisure oriented purposes.

Throughout the book, adult learning systems are directly linked to a variety of structural and public policy frameworks using a comparative welfare state approach. Themes such as pathways to learning and transition systems, participation patterns in higher education and participation patterns in other organized forms of adult learning are covered. The countries discussed are the UK, the USA, Korea, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Germany and the Netherlands.

Situated at the intersection between scholarship and policy and using a mixed-methods approach, this title contributes fundamental insights into the further study of policies and structures related to alternative post-compulsory learning pathways.
Nietzsche and Kantian Ethics
Authors: Constâncio João , Bailey Tom
Published: January 2017

Much high-quality work has recently been done to elucidate Nietzsche’s ethics. But little attention has been given to the critical relations between his ethics and the Kantian approach to ethics and politics, dominant in both his and our time.

Nietzsche and Kantian Ethics examines the critical responses to Kantian senses of agency, freedom, responsibility, duty, equality and normativity and to specific Kantian moral and political duties that can be derived from Nietzsche’s work. These responses and the normative, theoretical and methodological issues that they raise are analysed and evaluated by established scholars from both Nietzschean and Kantian perspectives. The result is a rich and extensive treatment of the critical significance of Nietzsche and Kantian ethics and politics for each other.
Direct observations of organic aerosols in common wintertime hazes in North China: insights into direct emissions from Chinese residential stoves
Authors: Chen Shurui , Xu Liang , Zhang Yinxiao , Chen Bing , Wang Xinfeng , Zhang Xiaoye , Zheng Mei , Chen Jianmin , Wang Wenxing , Sun Yele , Fu Pingqing , Wang Zifa , Li Weijun
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Many studies have focused on the physicochemical properties of aerosol particles in unusually severe haze episodes in North China instead of the more frequent and less severe hazes. Consistent with this lack of attention, the morphology and mixing state of organic matter (OM) particles in the frequent light and moderate (L & M) hazes in winter in the North China Plain (NCP) have not been examined, even though OM dominates these fine particles. In the present work, morphology, mixing state, and size of organic aerosols in the L & M hazes were systematically characterized using transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometer, with the comparisons among an urban site (Jinan, S1), a mountain site (Mt. Tai, S2), and a background island site (Changdao, S3) in the same hazes. Based on their morphologies, the OM particles were divided into six different types: spherical (type 1), near-spherical (type 2), irregular (type 3), domelike (type 4), dispersed-OM (type 5), and OM-coating (type 6). In the three sampling sites, types 1–3 of OM particles were most abundant in the L & M hazes and most of them were internally mixed with non-OM particles. The abundant near-spherical OM particles with higher sphericity and lower aspect ratio indicate that these primary OM particles formed in the cooling process after polluted plumes were emitted from coal combustion and biomass burning. Based on the Si-O-C ratio in OM particles, we estimated that 71 % of type 1–3 OM particles were associated with coal combustion. Our result suggests that coal combustion in residential stoves was a widespread source from urban to rural areas in NCP. Average OM thickness which correlates with the age of the air masses in type 6 particles only slightly increased from S1 to S2 to S3, suggesting that the L & M hazes were usually dry (relative humidity < 60 %) with weak photochemistry and heterogeneous reactions between particles and gases. We conclude that the direct emissions from these coal stoves without any pollution controls in rural areas and in urban outskirts contribute large amounts of primary OM particles to the regional L & M hazes in North China.
Decadal changes in global surface NOx emissions from multi-constituent satellite data assimilation
Authors: Miyazaki Kazuyuki , Eskes Henk , Sudo Kengo , Boersma K. Folkert , Bowman Kevin , Kanaya Yugo
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Global surface emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) over a 10-year period (2005–2014) are estimated from an assimilation of multiple satellite data sets: tropospheric NO2 columns from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2), and Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY), O3 profiles from Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), CO profiles from Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT), and O3 and HNO3 profiles from Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) using an ensemble Kalman filter technique. Chemical concentrations of various species and emission sources of several precursors are simultaneously optimized. This is expected to improve the emission inversion because the emission estimates are influenced by biases in the modelled tropospheric chemistry, which can be partly corrected by also optimizing the concentrations. We present detailed distributions of the estimated emission distributions for all major regions, the diurnal and seasonal variability, and the evolution of these emissions over the 10-year period. The estimated regional total emissions show a strong positive trend over India (+29 % decade−1), China (+26 % decade−1), and the Middle East (+20 % decade−1), and a negative trend over the USA (−38 % decade−1), southern Africa (−8.2 % decade−1), and western Europe (−8.8 % decade−1). The negative trends in the USA and western Europe are larger during 2005–2010 relative to 2011–2014, whereas the trend in China becomes negative after 2011. The data assimilation also suggests a large uncertainty in anthropogenic and fire-related emission factors and an important underestimation of soil NOx sources in the emission inventories. Despite the large trends observed for individual regions, the global total emission is almost constant between 2005 (47.9 Tg N yr−1) and 2014 (47.5 Tg N yr−1).
A surface model for water and energy balance in cold regions
accounting for vapor diffusion
Authors: Dandar Enkhbayar , Saaltink Maarten W. , Carrera Jesús , Nemer Buyankhishig
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Computation of recharge in subarctic climate regions is complicated by phase change and permafrost, causing conventional conceptual land surface models to be inaccurate. Actual evaporation tends to fall very low in the Budyko curve and surface runoff tends to be much larger than what would be expected in terms of potential evapotranspiration. We develop a two-compartments water and energy balance model that accounts for freezing and melting and includes vapor diffusion as a water and energy transfer mechanism. It also accounts for the effect of slope orientation on radiation, which may be important for mountain areas. We apply this model to weather data from the Terelj station (Mongolia). We find that direct surface runoff is small and concentrated at the beginning of spring due to snowmelt. Recharge is relatively high and delayed with respect to snowmelt because a portion of it is associated to thawing at depth, which may occur much later. Finally, but most importantly, we find that vapor diffusion plays an important quantitative role in the energy balance and a relevant qualitative role in the water balance. Except for a few large precipitation events, most of the continuous recharge is driven by vapor diffusion fluxes. Large vapor fluxes occur during spring and early summer, when surface temperatures are moderate, but the subsoil remains cold, creating large downwards vapor pressure gradients. Temperature gradients reverse in fall and early winter, but the vapor diffusion fluxes do not, because of the small vapor pressure differences at low temperature. The downwards latent heat flux associated to vapor diffusion is largely compensated by heat conduction, which is much larger than in temperate regions and upwards on average.
Spatially distributed characterization of soil-moisture dynamics using travel-time distributions
Authors: Heße Falk , Zink Matthias , Kumar Rohini , Samaniego Luis , Attinger Sabine
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Travel-time distributions are a comprehensive tool for the characterization of hydrological system dynamics. Unlike the streamflow hydrograph, they describe the movement and storage of water within and throughout the hydrological system. Until recently, studies using such travel-time distributions have generally either been applied to lumped models or to real-world catchments using available time series, e.g., stable isotopes. Whereas the former are limited in their realism and lack information on the spatial arrangements of the relevant quantities, the latter are limited in their use of available data sets. In our study, we employ the spatially distributed mesoscale Hydrological Model (mHM) and apply it to a catchment in central Germany. Being able to draw on multiple large data sets for calibration and verification, we generate a large array of spatially distributed states and fluxes. These hydrological outputs are then used to compute the travel-time distributions for every grid cell in the modeling domain. A statistical analysis indicates the general soundness of the upscaling scheme employed in mHM and reveals precipitation, saturated soil moisture and potential evapotranspiration as important predictors for explaining the spatial heterogeneity of mean travel times. In addition, we demonstrate and discuss the high information content of mean travel times for characterization of internal hydrological processes.
Coseismic displacements of the 14 November 2016 Mw7.8 Kaikoura,
New Zealand, earthquake using an optical cubesat constellation
Authors: Kääb Andreas , Altena Bas , Mascaro Joseph
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Satellite measurements of coseismic displacements are typically based on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry or amplitude tracking, or based on optical data such as from Landsat, Sentinel-2, SPOT, ASTER, very-high resolution satellites, or airphotos. Here, we evaluate a new class of optical satellite images for this purpose – data from cubesats. More specific, we investigate the PlanetScope cubesat constellation for horizontal surface displacements by the 14 November 2016 Mw7.8 Kaikoura, New Zealand, earthquake. Single PlanetScope scenes are 2–4 m resolution visible and near-infrared frame images of approximately 20–30 km × 9–15 km in size, acquired in continuous sequence along an orbit of approximately 375–475 km height. From single scenes or mosaics from before and after the earthquake we observe surface displacements of up to almost 10 m and estimate a matching accuracy from PlanetScope data of up to ±0.2 pixels (~ ±0.6 m). This accuracy, the daily revisit anticipated for the PlanetScope constellation for the entire land surface of Earth, and a number of other features, together offer new possibilities for investigating coseismic and other Earth surface displacements and managing related hazards and disasters, and complement existing SAR and optical methods. For comparison and for a better regional overview we also match the coseismic displacements by the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake using Landsat8 and Sentinel-2 data.
Microstructure representation of snow in coupled snowpack and microwave emission models
Authors: Sandells Melody , Essery Richard , Rutter Nick , Wake Leanne , Leppänen Leena , Lemmetyinen Juha
Published: January 2017

Abstract. This is the first study to encompass a wide range of coupled snow evolution and microwave emission models in a common modelling framework in order to generalise the link between snowpack microstructure predicted by the snow evolution models and microstructure required to reproduce observations of brightness temperature as simulated by snow emission models. Brightness temperatures at 18.7 and 36.5 GHz were simulated by 1323 ensemble members, formed from 63 Jules Investigation Model snowpack simulations, three microstructure evolution functions, and seven microwave emission model configurations. Two years of meteorological data from the Sodankylä Arctic Research Centre, Finland, were used to drive the model over the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 winter periods. Comparisons between simulated snow grain diameters and field measurements with an IceCube instrument showed that the evolution functions from SNTHERM simulated snow grain diameters that were too large (mean error 0.12 to 0.16 mm), whereas MOSES and SNICAR microstructure evolution functions simulated grain diameters that were too small (mean error −0.16 to −0.24 mm for MOSES and −0.14 to −0.18 mm for SNICAR). No model (HUT, MEMLS, or DMRT-ML) provided a consistently good fit across all frequencies and polarisations. The smallest absolute values of mean bias in brightness temperature over a season for a particular frequency and polarisation ranged from 0.7 to 6.9 K. Optimal scaling factors for the snow microstructure were presented to compare compatibility between snowpack model microstructure and emission model microstructure. Scale factors ranged between 0.3 for the SNTHERM–empirical MEMLS model combination (2011–2012) and 3.3 for DMRT-ML in conjunction with MOSES microstructure (2012–2013). Differences in scale factors between microstructure models were generally greater than the differences between microwave emission models, suggesting that more accurate simulations in coupled snowpack–microwave model systems will be achieved primarily through improvements in the snowpack microstructure representation, followed by improvements in the emission models. Other snowpack parameterisations in the snowpack model, mainly densification, led to a mean brightness temperature difference of 11 K at 36.5 GHz H-pol and 18 K at V-pol when the Jules Investigation Model ensemble was applied to the MOSES microstructure and empirical MEMLS emission model for the 2011–2012 season. The impact of snowpack parameterisation increases as the microwave scattering increases. Consistency between snowpack microstructure and microwave emission models, and the choice of snowpack densification algorithms should be considered in the design of snow mass retrieval systems and microwave data assimilation systems.
Comparison of hybrid schemes for the combination of shallow approximations in numerical simulations of the Antarctic Ice Sheet
Authors: Bernales Jorge , Rogozhina Irina , Greve Ralf , Thomas Maik
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The shallow ice approximation (SIA) is commonly used in ice-sheet models to simplify the force balance equations within the ice. However, the SIA cannot adequately reproduce the dynamics of the fast flowing ice streams usually found at the margins of ice sheets. To overcome this limitation, recent studies have introduced heuristic hybrid combinations of the SIA and the shelfy stream approximation. Here, we implement four different hybrid schemes into a model of the Antarctic Ice Sheet in order to compare their performance under present-day conditions. For each scheme, the model is calibrated using an iterative technique to infer the spatial variability in basal sliding parameters. Model results are validated against topographic and velocity data. Our analysis shows that the iterative technique compensates for the differences between the schemes, producing similar ice-sheet configurations through quantitatively different results of the sliding coefficient calibration. Despite this we observe a robust agreement in the reconstructed patterns of basal sliding parameters. We exchange the calibrated sliding parameter distributions between the schemes to demonstrate that the results of the model calibration cannot be straightforwardly transferred to models based on different approximations of ice dynamics. However, easily adaptable calibration techniques for the potential distribution of basal sliding coefficients can be implemented into ice models to overcome such incompatibility, as shown in this study.
Editorial Vol 8 Issue 3
Authors: Mensah Edward
Published: January 2017

Editorial
MEMÓRIA DOS ENCONTROS DE HISTÓRIA DA EDUCAÇÃO NO CENTRO OESTE: O QUE FIZEMOS E O QUE PODEMOS FAZER
Authors: De Sá Elizabeth Figueiredo , Furtado Alessandra Cristina , Filho Wolney Honório
Published: January 2017

A organização de eventos científicos no Brasil, especialmente os de história da educação, tem se expandido em todas as regiões brasileiras. Na região centro oeste já temos uma história de três versões, sem contar os eventos organizados regionalmente pela associação nacional de pós-graduação e pesquisa em educação – ANPED regional. Porém, pouco se debate sobre seu valor enquanto reunião científica. A proposta deste texto é sintetizar os três EHECO – Encontro regional de história da educação da região centro oeste. A metodologia utilizada foi a de recolher dados e relatos das três versões e analisá-las qualitativamente. Como resultado, percebemos que houve uma aproximação entre pesquisadores da área da história da educação da região centro oeste, bem como convergência de problemas historiográficos, especialmente os que dizem respeito ao estudo histórico de instituições escolares.
A ESCOLARIZAÇÃO DA POPULAÇÃO NEGRA E A HISTÓRIA DA EDUCAÇÃO DE GOIÁS
Authors: Ribeiro Cristiane Maria
Published: January 2017

É objetivo deste artigo explicitar a ausência das categorias raça/cor nas análises de história da educação brasileira e denunciar a invisibilidade do negro na literatura da história da educação de Goiás. Para tanto, revisitamos o processo de configuração das pesquisas na área, no país, ressaltando suas principais fontes, metodologias e perspectivas teóricas, concluindo que historicamente o recorte racial tem sido ignorado independente da delimitação geográfica, temporal ou perspectiva teórica das pesquisas. Buscamos nos estudos sobre relações raciais no Brasil exemplos de trabalhos que retomam à escolarização da população negra definindo um campo de possibilidades para novos estudos. Verificamos a incipiência dos estudos sobre o negro em Goiás, as dificuldades de consolidação da história da educação enquanto área de produção do conhecimento e a profunda ausência de estudos que tratem da história da educação da população negra goiana. Por fim, ressaltamos a importância dos historiadores da educação recuperarem, de forma inequívoca, a presença dos negros nos diferentes momentos de constituição do processo educacional, nos quais eles têm se destacado nas mais variadas funções: na condição de aluno, de professores em diferentes instituições que se ligaram à educação.
INTELECTUAIS, HISTÓRIA E EDUCAÇÃO: OS PROFESSORES NA HISTÓRIA INTELECTUAL
Authors: Ferreira Márcia Santos , De Amorim Rômulo Pinheiro
Published: January 2017

Este artigo propõe uma discussão sobre história intelectual e suas relações com a história da educação, na perspectiva de fomentar reflexões sobre as possibilidades de pesquisa abertas pela compreensão do professor como intelectual. Toma como ponto de partida algumas das diversas concepções acerca da noção de “intelectual”, discutindo suas especificidades e remetendo às ideiasde legitimidade e de reconhecimento social para caracterizar os limites ou fronteiras de sua ação na sociedade. Tais discussões enfatizam características específicas da sociabilidade nos meios intelectuais, conforme elaborado por Jean-François Sirinelli, e sugerem as potencialidades para as pesquisas em história da educação da percepção da atuação profissional dos professores de todos os níveis de ensino como expressão da ação de um segmento intelectual reconhecido socialmente. A parte final deste artigo apresenta alguns dos resultados alcançados no projeto de pesquisa “Intelectuais da Educação em Mato Grosso”, desenvolvido pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em História da Educação e Memória (GEM), da UFMT, e suas possibilidades de desdobramentos em novas pesquisas sobre o tema.
RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA: A RODA DE CONVERSA “TECENDO MEMÓRIAS DA EDUCAÇÃO” NO III EHECO
Authors: Almeida Barros Aparecida Maria , Siqueira Elizabeth Madureira
Published: January 2017

A Roda de Conversa Memória e Educação integrou o III EHECO realizado em Catalão-GO, entre 19 e 21 de agosto de 2015. Pretende-se nesse Relato de Experiência compartilhar as atividades da mesa organizada em dois blocos: na abertura, o primeiro momento teve a exposição, pela professora Beth Madureira, sobre pesquisas e acervos de memórias produzidos no espaço do GEM (Grupo Educação e Memória) em Mato Grosso. Em seguida, o segundo momento contemplou as falas alternadas de duas professoras – Edma Pires dos Santos e Suleima AndréNicoletti, que atuaram na docência a partir da década de 1970, em Catalão, Goiás. Foi um momento especialíssimo, onde o público pode se inteirar das alternativas de produção de fontes no âmbito dapós-graduação e assistir aos depoimentos das professoras oriundas do Centro de Formação de Professores Primários de Catalão (CFPPC), onde se formaram e atuaram na docência e na formação de novos professores. A Roda de Conversa oportunizou aos participantes capturar diversas experiências no âmbito do cotidiano escolar, tanto no que concerne ao conteúdo quanto às diversas maneiras de ensinar. De modo especial essa experiência no espaço do EHECO foi elogiada por todos e revelou a pertinência de dar voz aos profissionais com larga trajetória na pesquisa, na docência e na educação escolar. Pela riqueza e originalidade das narrativas, indica as possibilidadesde produção de novas fontes para a pesquisa em História da Educação.
NARRATIVAS AUTOBIOGRÁFICAS E OS SENTIDOS SOBRE ESCOLA, DOCÊNCIA E FORMAÇÃO
Authors: De Araújo Juliana Pereira
Published: January 2017

A escola, a docência e a formação são partes constituintes do universo profissional dos professores. Esses elementos são dotados de múltiplos sentidos, os quais não são produzidos apenas na formação inicial ou na prática profissional, mas desde a infância, quando do início da escolarização na condição de aluno. Incessantemente, atribui-se sentido às experiências ou àquilo que se passou (BONDÍA, 2002). Esses sentidos, muitas vezes, são utilizados para guiar a tomada de decisão dos professores iniciantes e, quiçá, dos experientes, porque são estabelecidos enquanto esteio para estratégias, crenças e posturas em sala de aula. Quando não revisitados à luz da Pedagogia, que é a ciência da educação, e compreendidos em uma dimensão profissional, os sentidos podem dificultar a adoção de uma base de conhecimentos profissional, quando, na verdade, deveriam ser pós-reflexão, mobilizados, adaptados ou substituídos. Considerando essa relação sentidos-saberes-práticas, tem-se desenvolvido atividades baseadas no uso de narrativas autobiográficas com as alunas do primeiro semestre do curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal de Goiás - Regional Catalão. O intuito é de que essas futuras professoras revisitem episódios significativos que evidenciam o modo como pensam a escola, a docência e a formação, e assim atribuam novos sentidos a esses ecos memorialísticos. Percebe-se que essa ação abre novos caminhos para auxiliar na formação de professores mais hábeis na composição da docência como ofício, que atuam em sintonia com a própria subjetividade e também com ado outro, enriquecendo um referencial concreto no campo da educação. Neste artigo, socializa-se esta empreitada no sentido do registro e da busca do diálogo.
Noun complement clauses as referential modifiers
Authors: de Cuba Carlos
Published: January 2017

A number of recent analyses propose that so-called noun complement clauses should be analyzed as a type of relative clause. In this paper, I present a number of complications for any analysis that equates noun complement clauses to relative clauses, and conclude that this type of analysis is on the wrong track. I present cross-linguistic evidence showing that the syntactic behavior of noun complement clauses does not pattern with relative clauses. Patterns of complementizer choice and complementizer drop as well as patterns involving main clause phenomena and extraction differ in the two constructions, which I argue is unexpected under a relative clause analysis that involves operator movement. Instead I present an alternative analysis in which I propose that the referentiality of a noun complement clause is linked to its syntactic behavior. Following recent work, I claim that referential clauses have a syntactically truncated left-periphery, and this truncation can account for the lack of main clause phenomena in noun complement clauses. I argue that the truncation analysis is also able to accommodate complementizer data patterns more easily than relative clause analyses that appeal to operator movement.
PESQUISA-AÇÃO SOBRE SEXUALIDADE HUMANA: UMA ABORDAGEM FREIRIANA EM ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Nogueira Iara Sescon , Labegalini Célia Maria Gomes , Pereira Karen Fernanda Ramos , Higarashi Ieda Harumi , Bueno Sonia Maria Villela , Baldissera Vanessa Denardi Antoniassi
Published: January 2017

Objetivou-se descrever o percurso de uma ação educativa contextualizada, participativa e dialógica na temática sexualidade. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo do tipo pesquisa-ação crítica, delineado seguindo o referencial teórico-metodológico de Freire, tendo como público alvo 151 alunos matriculados no curso de graduação em enfermagem de uma universidade pública do Noroeste do Estado do Paraná, durante o mês de março de 2014. Destes, participaram 20 acadêmicos na fase de investigação temática e nove nos Círculos de Cultura. Seguiu todos os preceitos éticos. Pautado em situações-limites, desenvolveram-se Círculos de Cultura abordando os seguintes temas: “Conceito de Sexualidade”, “Dimensão Psicológica e Social da Sexualidade” e “Assistência Integral em Sexualidade”. Conclui-se que o desenvolvimento da ação educativa dialógica, pautada em situações-problemas reais, apresentou-se como um caminho viável para a reflexão da temática e para a construção de novos conhecimentos às práticas de cuidado que envolvem a sexualidade humana.
MONITORAMENTO DO MESOTELIOMA NO SUL DO BRASIL: UMA REALIDADE AINDA A SER ESTUDADA
Authors: Koller Francisco José , Sarquis Leila Maria Mansano , Mantovani Maria de Fátima , Miranda Fernanda Moura D’Almeida , Consonni Dario , Mensi Carolina
Published: January 2017

O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de crisotila do mundo, mas a ocorrência de mesotelioma é aparentemente baixa. No entanto, a identificação dos casos torna-se difícil por causa de erros de diagnóstico e registro de morte. Este é um estudo epidemiológico, descritivo e retrospectivo de registros hospitalares do Instituto Nacional de Câncer do Brasil, foram selecionados registros câncer de pleura ou histologia do mesotelioma entre 2001-2014. Foram identificados 208 registros, entretanto apenas 58 casos com histologia de mesotelioma. Notavelmente, 13 (22%) tinham sido codificados incorretamente como câncer de pulmão. A última atividade laboral estava ausente em metade dos casos. Concluiu-se que os dados hospitalares existentes em relação ao mesotelioma ainda são inadequados por imprecisão e codificação errônea. Além disso, nos registros ainda não existem informações do local de trabalho, bem como da ocupação. Estes achados confirmam a necessidade de um registro de casos de mesotelioma.
Acceptance of Internet Banking among Consumers in Kota Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Selvanathan Mahiswaran , Devi Krisnan Uma , Kar Jun Goh
Published: January 2017

The main objective of the study is to identify and analyse on the factors affecting adoption of Internet banking by bank consumers. The factors being analysed in this study are security, subjective norms, perceived relative advantage, and perceived ease of use. The study was conducted to achieve the objectives which have been set in this research. The research findings indicate that there is a relationship between subjective norms and perceived relative advantage towards the adoption of Internet banking. Meanwhile, security and perceived ease of use shows not significant towards the adoption of Internet banking.
The CCAPM with Varying Preferences
Authors: Azar Samih Antoine
Published: January 2017

The Consumption Capital Asset Pricing Model (CCAPM) is by now a paradigm in financial economics. Applied to the risk-free rate, the CCAPM implies an Euler equation which depends on expected marginal utilities. The paper uses a widespread functional form to specify the utility. However the paper introduces varying preferences into the Euler equation. This enables us to find a relation between the current risk-free rate and the current level of real per capita consumption. Empirically this relation finds that risk aversion is lower for the short run and higher for the long run. The difference between the two is economically small but it is still statistically significant. The paper calculates the differential risk premium required to compensate for the higher long run risk aversion. This premium is also economically small. The paper concludes that the evidence supports that, in the long run, risk is either the same or higher than the short run risk.
Building Employee Brand Equity to influence Organization Attractiveness and Firm Performance
Authors: Kashive Neerja , Tandon Khanna Vandana
Published: January 2017

This paper explores the various dimension of Internal Branding like training, orientation and briefing and Brand supporting behavior (like brand allegiance, brand endorsement and brand citizen behaviour).It further explores impact of Internal branding (IB), Brand commitment (BC) and Brand supporting behavior BSB) on Organization attractiveness (OA) and Firm Performance (FP). The study shows that Internal Branding (IB), Brand commitment (BC) and brand supporting behavior (BSB) impact Organizational attractiveness. While Internal Branding (IB), Brand commitment (BC) and brand supporting behavior (BSB) do not impact directly firm performance, but organizational attractiveness do have significant impact on perception of firm performance among employees.
Strategic Agility and Its Impact on the Competitive Capabilities in Iranian Private Banks
Authors: Tabe Khoshnood Nikoo , Nematizadeh Sina
Published: January 2017

Developing capabilities of agility, rapid responsiveness and adaptation to environmental changes are known as tools to gain competitive advantage. Strategic agility is a developed type of agility that in addition to rapid response pays specific attention to strategic aspects and predicting changes in the environment before they occur. Most of the studies in the field of agility and competitive advantage have focused on productivity and agility of supply chain. And a small number of studies have assessed the determinants of strategic agility and its impact on financial, competitive and operative factors organizations; therefore, having the awareness of both this issue and also the importance of competitiveness in the current banking system, in this research we have tried to explain the concept of strategic agility and its determinants, and to reveal its importance in the banking sector and to investigate its impact on the competitive capabilities of the private banks in Iran. In terms of its aim, this study is an applied one, and regarding the data collection, it is descriptive- correlational. The statistical population of this research consists of managers and experts working in the Iranian private banks. A total of 150 managers and experts from the banks have formed the study sample. In this study, first based on conducted studies, a model was developed to study the effect of strategic agility on competitive capabilities, and then, by using the tests of confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson structural equation modeling and correlation, this model was reviewed and approved. The results indicate that strategic agility has had significant impact on the competitive capabilities of the private banks in Iran. Furthermore, among the dimensions of strategic agility, clarity of vision is the most influential factor in the competitive capabilities.
Finding Linear and Quadratic Equations in Integer Patterns
Authors: Kurz Terri
Published: January 2017

Students construct equations to align with patterns generated using color tiles.
Myth Or Truth: The Apollonian And Dionysian In The Death Of Ivan Ilyich
Authors: Leddy Madeline T.
Published: January 2017

In The Birth of Tragedy, Friedrich Nietzsche uses Classical Greek tragedies to break down the human experience into two dichotomic cultures: the Apollinian and the Dionysian. The Apollinian culture represents humanity’s tendency toward order, pattern, and rationalism, while the Dionysian culture represents humanity’s simultaneous urge toward chaos and emotional intuition. Whereas Classical Greece allowed for both to coexist and augment one another through Greek Tragedies, Western thinking and culture allows for no such fruition; instead, Western society heavily emphasizes the Apollinian over the necessity or acknowledgement of the Dionysian. In The Death of Ivan Illyich, Leo Tolstoy takes this cultural practice a step further, giving readers a glimpse into a society that denies the Dionysian entirely. Through the demoralizing decline and eventual death of Ivan Illyich, Tolstoy suggests that rejecting the Dionysian not only obstructs society’s true understanding of human nature, but makes it wholly unprepared to handle humanity’s most essential truth: its mortality.