bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Road Centerline Data Accumulation for Rescue Workers Whose Expertise Is Not GIS
Authors: Hattori Kanetoshi , Hattori Ritsuko , Taneichi Hiromi , Funada Chiaki , Ouchi Junko , Watanabe Hitomi , Tane Eriko
Published: August 2020

Objectives:

The objective of this study is to provide road centerline data for professionals of disaster medicine areas who are often beginners in GIS use.

Methods:

Newly developed vector tile format data were converted into shapefile format data, then were organized as second level medical districts to which medical professionals are accustomed.

Results:

Road centerline data in Japan is being prepared to release from Association for Promotion of Infrastructure Geospatial Information Distribution free of charge.

Conclusion:

Professionals of disaster medicine areas increased their accessibility of GIS. Logistic planning for evacuation activities and dispatching of rescue teams were improved.
Fertility life table and biology ofTetrastichus giffardianus(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in the larvae ofCeratitis capitata(Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Fernandes Elania Clementino , Souza Mariana Macedo , Nava Dori Edson , Silva Janisete Gomes , Araujo Elton Lucio
Published: August 2020

Tetrastichus giffardianusis a gregarious koinobiont endoparasitoid of tephritids, includingCeratitis capitata, which is one of the most important fruit pests worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of constant temperatures on the biology and development of the egg-adult period ofT. giffardianusin larvae/pupae ofC. capitatato construct a fertility life table. The study was carried out in climatic chambers at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% relative humidity and a photophase of 12 h. Complete egg and larval development occurred only at temperatures of 20, 25, and 30°C. The mean longevity of males and females was inversely proportional to temperature. The time of development of the pre-imaginal period was influenced by temperature and ranged from 41 days at 20°C to 11 days at 25°C. The bestT. giffardianusperformance occurred at 25°C when the intrinsic rate of increase was 0.21, the mean generation time was 20.43 days, the time required to double the population was 3.33 days, and the finite rate of population increase (λ) was 1.23. The results of this study provided information for the establishment of mass rearing and an evaluation of the adaptability ofT. giffardianusto different environments, which is necessary for the use of this parasitoid in the biological control of tephritid pests, particularlyC. capitata.
Petrogenesis of the post-collisional porphyritic granitoids from Jhalida, Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex, eastern India
Authors: Roy Poulami , Goswami Bapi , Dutta Sukanya , Bhattacharyya Chittaranjan
Published: August 2020

The Jhalida porphyritic granitoid pluton is exposed in a regional shear zone belonging to the Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex of the Satpura Orogen (c. 1.0 Ga), regarded as the collisional suture between the South and North Indian blocks. The pluton intruded the migmatitic gneisses, metapelites, calc-silicate rocks and amphibolites belonging to the amphibolite facies. The mineral assemblage indicates the calc-alkaline nature of the granitoids. Mafic (Pl–Qz–Bt±Hbl) schists occur as xenoliths within the pluton. The granitoids are classified as alkali-calcic to alkalic, dominantly magnesian grading to ferroan, metaluminous to slightly peraluminous, and shoshonitic to ultrapotassic. Geochemically, the granitoids are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (LILE), particularly K, and light rare earth elements (LREE), but are comparatively depleted in Nb, Ta, and heavy rare earth elements (HREE). The strong negative correlation between SiO2and P2O5, metaluminous to weakly peraluminous character, high liquidus temperature (798–891°C) and high fO2(ΔQFM +0.8 to +1.6) of the melt suggest their I-type nature. Field relations and tectonic discrimination diagrams imply their post-collisional emplacement. Low Nb/U (average 8.5), Ce/Pb (average 9.0), and Al2O3/(Al2O3+ FeO(t) + MgO + TiO2) ratios and relatively low Mg number (average 0.15) of these granitoids indicate a crustal mafic source. Batch melting (at 825–950°C) of 10–20% of an old, incompatible elements-rich high-K high-alumina hornblende granulite can generate the porphyritic granite melt. The heat source for melting was an upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle in the post-collisional set-up. Textural and chemical characteristics of the mafic xenoliths show that invading porphyritic granitoid magma metasomatized the amphibolite protoliths.
Enstrophy non-conservation and the forward cascade of energy in two-dimensional electrostatic magnetized plasma turbulence
Authors: Plunk G. G.
Published: August 2020

A fluid system is derived to describe electrostatic magnetized plasma turbulence at scales somewhat larger than the Larmor radius of a given species. It is related to the Hasegawa–Mima equation, but does not conserve enstrophy, and, as a result, exhibits a forward cascade of energy, to small scales. The inertial-range energy spectrum is argued to be shallower than a

$-11/3$

power law, as compared to the

$-5$

law of the Hasegawa–Mima enstrophy cascade. This property, confirmed here by direct numerical simulations of the fluid system, may help explain the fluctuation spectrum observed in gyrokinetic simulations of streamer-dominated electron-temperature-gradient driven turbulence (Plunk et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 122, 2019, 035002), and also possibly some cases of ion-temperature-gradient driven turbulence where zonal flows are suppressed (Plunk et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 118, 2017, 105002).
Study of the conditions for the effective initiation of plasma-chemical treatment of flue gas under the influence of a pulsed electron beam
Authors: Kholodnaya G. , Egorov I. , Sazonov R. , Serebrennikov M. , Poloskov A. , Ponomarev D. , Zhirkov I.
Published: August 2020

This paper presents the results of comprehensive studies of the efficiency of a pulsed electron beam transmission through a mixture of gases: nitrogen (83%), carbon dioxide (14%), and oxygen (2.6%) in the presence of ash and water vapor. The studied concentrations correspond to the concentrations of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide in flue gas. The pressure and concentration of water vapor and ash in the drift chamber varied (375, 560, and 750 Torr; humidity 15 ± 5% and 50 ± 15%). The charge dissipation of a pulsed electron beam in the gas mixture in the presence of ash and water vapor was investigated, as well as the effect of the concentration of water vapor and ash on the geometric profile of the pulsed electron beam.
Cluster-based mention typing for named entity disambiguation
Authors: Çelebi Arda , Özgür Arzucan
Published: August 2020

An entity mention in text such as “Washington” may correspond to many different named entities such as the city “Washington D.C.” or the newspaper “Washington Post.” The goal of named entity disambiguation (NED) is to identify the mentioned named entity correctly among all possible candidates. If the type (e.g., location or person) of a mentioned entity can be correctly predicted from the context, it may increase the chance of selecting the right candidate by assigning low probability to the unlikely ones. This paper proposes cluster-based mention typing for NED. The aim of mention typing is to predict the type of a given mention based on its context. Generally, manually curated type taxonomies such as Wikipedia categories are used. We introduce cluster-based mention typing, where named entities are clustered based on their contextual similarities and the cluster ids are assigned as types. The hyperlinked mentions and their context in Wikipedia are used in order to obtain these cluster-based types. Then, mention typing models are trained on these mentions, which have been labeled with their cluster-based types through distant supervision. At the NED phase, first the cluster-based types of a given mention are predicted and then, these types are used as features in a ranking model to select the best entity among the candidates. We represent entities at multiple contextual levels and obtain different clusterings (and thus typing models) based on each level. As each clustering breaks the entity space differently, mention typing based on each clustering discriminates the mention differently. When predictions from all typing models are used together, our system achieves better or comparable results based on randomization tests with respect to the state-of-the-art levels on four defacto test sets.
The Qing Regulation of the Sangha in Amdo
Authors: SULLIVAN BRENTON
Published: August 2020

The political reforms made along the Gansu-Kökenuur border in the aftermath of the Lubsang-Danzin Rebellion (1723-4) represented the first significant change to that frontier to occur in centuries. Only recently have scholars begun to consider the repercussions of these changes for the powerful religious institutions of this region known as Amdo. This article utilises Chinese histories, Tibetan-language materials and Chinese-language land deeds from the eighteenth century to illustrate the drastic increase in imperial oversight and regulation of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries and monastics in Amdo, especially those of the Xining River watershed. Significantly, the policies and practices directed toward these monasteries and monastics were those traditionally employed for Chinese Buddhists of the empire's interior. In addition, the reforms introduced in the Xining region helped to set the tone and precedents for how the Qing would later engage with monasteries and monastics elsewhere in Amdo.
Colorado Honor Convicts: Roads, Reform, and Region in the Progressive Era
Authors: Finkelstein Alexander
Published: August 2020

In the early twentieth century, many states turned to convict road labor in response to the clamor for good roads and the contemporaneous crisis of imprisonment. States, guided by the federal government that served as an information broker, developed two main types of convict labor program—the honor and guard systems. These systems differed by regional and local context. Colorado developed the honor form of convict labor based in Progressive principles. The Colorado system offers a case study in local conditions that took on national importance as Warden Thomas Tynan became enmeshed in a national network of Progressive penal reformers helping define state-run convict labor systems. This essay follows the reform ideology and financial incentives that drove Colorado's honor program, showing how capitalist labor motivations were balanced with ideals of reform. The honor system spread across the United States, and the story of this system complicates regional paradigms while highlighting national patterns. The story of honor guard convict labor and infrastructure development connects Progressive Era reform, penal reform, labor history, and regional and demographic patterns.
A planar triple-band monopole antenna loaded with an arc-shaped defected ground plane for WLAN/WiMAX applications
Authors: Wang Shiquan , Kong Fanmin , Li Kang , Du Liuge
Published: August 2020

In this paper, a new printed triple-band planar antenna combing two different modified monopoles and an arc-shaped defected ground plane is proposed and studied. The used two simple monopoles consist of a rectangular ring and a rectangular patch attached a straight metal strip. And a compact arc-shaped defected ground structure is proposed and used to excite higher resonance frequency and improve the impedance matching of the antenna at lower and middle resonance frequencies. The main radiation element of the proposed antenna composed of only two simple monopoles can support three omnidirectional radiation modes at three desired bands. To indicate the working mechanism of the antenna, the design process is illustrated and the parametric studies are carried out. The experimental results of the fabricated prototype confirm that the triple-band antenna has better radiation efficiencies, appropriate gains, and stable omnidirectional radiation patterns. And the tested results also show that the antenna can provide enough bandwidths of 2.35–2.52, 3.2–4.16, and 5.13–5.87 GHz to cover all the desired 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN and 3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX operations. Moreover, the presented antenna has a very simple structure. Thus, the designed antenna has high practicality and broad prospects for WLAN and WiMAX applications.
Rights of Nature, Legal Personality, and Indigenous Philosophies
Authors: Tănăsescu Mihnea
Published: August 2020

This article investigates the relationship between legal personality for nature and Indigenous philosophies by comparing two cases: the Ecuadorian Constitution of 2008 and the 2014 Te Urewera Act of Aotearoa, New Zealand. Through these case studies the article considers the nature of Indigenous relations with the concept of rights of nature, arguing that this relation is primarily strategic, not genealogical. The article engages with the concept of legal personality and shows that it is not a direct translation of Indigenous conceptions, but rather a potential straitjacket for Indigenous emancipatory politics. The radical character of Indigenous ontologies is not fully reflected in the concept of legal personality. Furthermore, the way in which rights are granted to the natural environment is an important part of the effect that such rights might have on Indigenous communities. Despite some affinities between rights of the environment and Indigenous philosophies, overstating the connection might constrain the radical political and legal implications of Indigenous thought.
Aberrant right subclavian artery – a rare congenital	anatomical variation causing dysphagia lusoria
Authors: Irakleidis Foivos , Kyriakides Jonathon , Baker Daryll
Published: August 2020

Summary: An aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is a rare anatomical variation of the aortic arch. Although an incidental finding and asymptomatic in the majority of individuals, an ARSA can cause troubling symptoms during both childhood and in later life. In adulthood, the most common symptom is dysphagia, where the condition is named dysphagia lusoria. In other rare cases it can cause shortness of breath, chronic cough and hoarseness of voice amongst others. We present a case of a 65-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with dysphagia lusoria following a barium swallow examination to investigate a 10-year history of dysphagia. She was further investigated with other imaging modalities to establish her diagnosis. The dysphagia was not progressive, nor did it result in malnutrition, and hence the patient was managed conservatively. There is currently no established guideline to classify the severity of symptoms or radiological findings of this anatomical anomaly. Our case reiterates the importance of such protocols, in order to be able to avoid the risks of an unnecessary surgical procedure, whilst being sure to prevent the undertreatment of affected individuals.
Emerging Technologies Help Scientists Tune in to Krill
Authors: Thomasy Hannah
Published: August 2020

Acoustic tools identify the population of “the most important fishery in the Southern Ocean.”
EMIC Waves in the Earth's Inner Magnetosphere as a Function of Solar Wind Structures During Solar Maximum
Authors: Gamayunov Konstantin V. , Engebretson Mark J. , Elkington Scot R.
Published: August 2020

Here we analyze the statistics of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves observed in the Earth's inner magnetosphere during coronal mass ejection (CME), high‐speed stream (HSS), and quiet solar wind (QSW) conditions in the upstream solar wind (SW). For our analysis we use the EMIC wave observations by the two Van Allen Probes during their first magnetic local time (MLT) revolution. The major results of our analysis are as follows: (1) Criteria to identify the HSS, CME, and QSW conditions in the SW are formulated. (2) 54%, 36%, and 10% of EMIC wave events are observed during CME, HSS, and QSW, respectively. (3) 12% of events are closely associated with the fast growth of magnetospheric compression, among which 76%, 24%, and 0% are observed during CME, HSS, and QSW, respectively. (4) A majority of the QSW, HSS‐driven, and CME‐driven events is observed in the 9–12, 12–24, and 8–24 hr MLT sectors, respectively. (5) CME‐driven events are distributed along all L shells, whereas the majority of the HSS‐driven and QSW events are confined to L > 3.5. (6) The fractions of events during CME and HSS have a maximum in the near‐equatorial region, whereas the fractions of the QSW events have a minimum there. (7) Independent of the SW driver, no strong events are observed below the local O+ gyrofrequency, whereas 65–70% and 30–35% of events are observed between the O+ and He+ gyrofrequencies and above the He+ gyrofrequency, respectively.
POES/MEPED Angular Response Functions and the Precipitating Radiation Belt Electron Flux
Authors: Selesnick R. S. , Tu Weichao , Yando K. , Millan R. M. , Redmon R. J.
Published: August 2020

Angular response functions are derived for four electron channels and six proton channels of the SEM‐2 MEPED particle telescopes on the POES and MetOp satellites from Geant4 simulations previously used to derive the energy response. They are combined with model electron distributions in energy and pitch angle to show that the vertical 0° telescope, intended to measure precipitating electrons, instead usually measures trapped or quasi‐trapped electrons, except during times of enhanced pitch angle diffusion. A simplified dynamical model of the radiation belt electron distribution near the loss cone, as a function of longitude, energy, and pitch angle, that accounts for pitch angle diffusion, azimuthal drift, and atmospheric backscatter is fit to sample MEPED electron data at L = 4 during times of differing diffusion rates. It is then used to compute precipitating electron flux, as function of energy and longitude, that is lower than would be estimated by assuming that the 0° telescope always measures precipitating electrons.
Elucidating Large‐Scale Atmospheric Controls on Bering Strait Throughflow Variability Using a Data‐Constrained Ocean Model and Its Adjoint
Authors: Nguyen An T. , Woodgate Rebecca A. , Heimbach Patrick
Published: August 2020

A regional data‐constrained coupled ocean‐sea ice general circulation model and its adjoint are used to investigate mechanisms controlling the volume transport variability through Bering Strait during 2002 to 2013. Comprehensive time‐resolved sensitivity maps of Bering Strait transport to atmospheric forcing can be accurately computed with the adjoint along the forward model trajectory to identify spatial and temporal scales most relevant to the strait's transport variability. The simulated Bering Strait transport anomaly is found to be controlled primarily by the wind stress on short time scales of order 1 month. Spatial decomposition indicates that on monthly time scales winds over the Bering and the combined Chukchi and East Siberian Seas are the most significant drivers. Continental shelf waves and coastally trapped waves are suggested as the dominant mechanisms for propagating information from the far field to the strait. In years with transport extrema, eastward wind stress anomalies in the Arctic sector are found to be the dominant control, with correlation coefficient of 0.94. This implies that atmospheric variability over the Arctic plays a substantial role in determining Bering Strait flow variability. The near‐linear response of the transport anomaly to wind stress allows for predictive skill at interannual time scales, thus potentially enabling skillful prediction of changes at this important Pacific‐Arctic gateway, provided that accurate measurements of surface winds in the Arctic can be obtained. The novelty of this work is the use of space and time‐resolved adjoint‐based sensitivity maps, which enable detailed dynamical, that is, causal attribution of the impacts of different forcings.
A phase 1b/2 study of duvelisib in combination with FCR (DFCR) for frontline therapy for younger CLL patients
Authors: Davids Matthew S. , Fisher David C. , Tyekucheva Svitlana , McDonough Mikaela , Hanna John , Lee Brandon , Francoeur Karen , Montegaard Josie , Odejide Oreofe , Armand Philippe , Arnason Jon , Brown Jennifer R.
Published: August 2020

Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) is highly effective initial therapy for younger patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); however, most eventually relapse. Duvelisib is a delta/gamma PI3K inhibitor approved for relapsed/refractory CLL. We conducted an investigator-initiated, phase 1b/2 study of duvelisib + FCR (DFCR) as initial treatment for CLL patients aged ≤65. A standard 3 + 3 design included two dose levels of duvelisib (25 mg qd and 25 mg bid). Duvelisib was given for 1 week, then with standard FCR added for up to six 28-day cycles, then up to 2 years of duvelisib maintenance. Thirty-two patients were enrolled. The phase 2 dose of duvelisib was identified as 25 mg bid. Hematologic toxicity was common, and all-grade non-hematologic toxicities included transaminitis (28%), febrile neutropenia (22%), pneumonia (19%), and colitis (6%). The best overall response rate by ITT was 88% (56% CR/CRi and 32% PR). The best rate of bone marrow undetectable minimal residual disease (BM-uMRD) by ITT was 66%. The rate of CR with BM-uMRD at end of combination treatment (primary endpoint) was 25%. Three-year PFS and OS are 73 and 93%, respectively. DFCR is active as initial therapy of younger CLL patients. Immune-mediated and infectious toxicities occurred and required active management.
MiR-450a-5p strengthens the drug sensitivity of gefitinib in glioma chemotherapy via regulating autophagy by targeting EGFR
Authors: Liu Yu , Yang Liang , Liao Fan , Wang Wei , Wang Zhi-Fei
Published: August 2020

Glioma reported to be refractory to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor is the most common malignant tumor in central nervous system. Our research showed the low expression of miR-450a-5p and high expression of EGFR in glioma tissues. MiR-450a-5p was also observed to synergize with gefitinib to inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion and induce the apoptosis and autophagy of glioma cells. Furthermore, miR-450a-5p was demonstrated to target 3′UTR of EGFR, and regulated EGFR-induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, the above effects induced by miR-450a-5p in glioma cells were reversed by WIPI1 silencing. The inhibition role of miR-450a-5p on glioma growth was also confirmed in vivo by subcutaneous and intracranial tumor xenografts. Therefore, we conclude that miR-450a-5p synergizes with gefitinib to inhibit the glioma tumorigenesis through inducing autophagy by regulating the EGFR-induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby enhancing the drug sensitivity of gefitinib.
Let the question determine the methods: descriptive epidemiology done right
Authors: Conroy Sara , Murray Eleanor J.
Published: August 2020

What does it mean to control for confounding, and when do we actually need to do it? To answer this, we need a well-defined research question, driven by the goal of the study. For descriptive goals, we explain that confounding adjustment is often not just unnecessary but can be harmful.
A pan-cancer analysis of PBAF complex mutations and their association with immunotherapy response
Authors: Hakimi A. Ari , Attalla Kyrollis , DiNatale Renzo G. , Ostrovnaya Irina , Flynn Jessica , Blum Kyle A. , Ged Yasser , Hoen Douglas , Kendall Sviatoslav M. , Reznik Ed , Bowman Anita , Hwee Jason , Fong Christopher J. , Kuo Fengshen , Voss Martin H. , Chan Timothy A. , Motzer Robert J.
Published: August 2020

There is conflicting data regarding the role of PBAF complex mutations and response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and other solid tumors. We assess the prevalence of PBAF complex mutations from two large cohorts including the pan-cancer TCGA project (n = 10,359) and the MSK-IMPACT pan-cancer immunotherapy cohort (n = 3700). Across both cohorts, PBAF complex mutations, predominantly PBRM1 mutations, are most common in ccRCC. In multivariate models of ccRCC patients treated with ICB (n = 189), loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in PBRM1 are not associated with overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.24, p = 0.47) or time to treatment failure (HR = 0.85, p = 0.44). In a series of 11 solid tumors (n = 2936), LOF mutations are not associated with improved OS in a stratified multivariate model (HR = 0.9, p = 0.7). In a current series of solid tumors treated with ICB, we are unable to demonstrate favorable response to ICB in patients with PBAF complex mutations.
Unsymmetrical polysulfidation via designed bilateral disulfurating reagents
Authors: Xue Jiahui , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: August 2020

Sulfur-sulfur motifs widely occur in vital function and drug design, which yearns for polysulfide construction in an efficient manner. However, it is a great challenge to install desired functional groups on both sides of sulfur-sulfur bonds at liberty. Herein, we designed a mesocyclic bilateral disulfurating reagent for sequential assembly and modular installation of polysulfides. Based on S-O bond dissociation energy imparity (mesocyclic compared to linear imparity is at least 5.34 kcal mol−1 higher), diverse types of functional molecules can be bridged via sulfur-sulfur bonds distinctly. With these stable reagents, excellent reactivities with nucleophiles including C, N and S are comprehensively demonstrated, sequentially installing on both sides of sulfur-sulfur motif with various substituents to afford six species of unsymmetrical polysulfides including di-, tri- and even tetra-sulfides. Life-related molecules, natural products and pharmaceuticals can be successively cross-linked with sulfur-sulfur bond. Remarkably, the cyclization of tri- and tetra-peptides affords 15- and 18-membered cyclic disulfide peptides with this reagent, respectively.
Perception and control of allergic rhinitis in primary care
Authors: Demoly Pascal , Bossé Isabelle , Maigret Pascal
Published: August 2020

Perception of a chronic illness is a driver of patient behaviour that may impact treatment outcomes. The cross-sectional PETRA study was designed to describe the links between disease perception, patient behaviour and treatment outcomes in adults with allergic rhinitis (AR). Overall, 687 French general practitioners (GPs) included 1929 analysable patients (mean age: 39 years; intermittent/persistent symptoms: 46.2/52.3%). Of the patients, 14.1% had also been diagnosed with asthma; 71.7% had uncontrolled AR (ARCT score < 20), and 53.6% had a good perception of their illness (BIPQ score < 5). Factors significantly associated with poor perception of AR were ENT (ear/nose/throat) complications, nasal pruritus, uncontrolled AR and asthma. A strong negative correlation was observed between the BIPQ and ARCT scores: the poorer the patient’s perception, the less the AR was controlled. Although no causal relationship could be drawn, GP-driven improvement of AR perception could lead to better control of symptoms.
Detection of genomic regions associated with tiller number in Iranian bread wheat under different water regimes using genome-wide association study
Authors: Bilgrami Sayedeh Saba , Ramandi Hadi Darzi , Shariati Vahid , Razavi Khadijeh , Tavakol Elahe , Fakheri Barat Ali , Mahdi Nezhad Nafiseh , Ghaderian Mostafa
Published: August 2020

Two of the important traits for wheat yield are tiller and fertile tiller number, both of which have been thought to increase cereal yield in favorable and unfavorable environments. A total of 6,349 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from the 15 K wheat Infinium array were employed for genome-wide association study (GWAS) of tillering number traits, generating a physical distance of 14,041.6 Mb based on the IWGSC wheat genome sequence. GWAS analysis using Fixed and random model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU) identified a total of 47 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) for total tiller number (TTN) and fertile tiller number (FTN) in Iranian bread wheat under different water regimes. After applying a 5% false discovery rate (FDR) threshold, a total of 13 and 11 MTAs distributed on 10 chromosomes were found to be significantly associated with TTN and FTN, respectively. Linked single nucleotide polymorphisms for IWB39005 (2A) and IWB44377 (7A) were highly significantly associated (FDR < 0.01) with TTN and FTN traits. Moreover, to validate GWAS results, meta-analysis was performed and 30 meta-QTL regions were identified on 11 chromosomes. The integration of GWAS and meta-QTLs revealed that tillering trait in wheat is a complex trait which is conditioned by the combined effects of minor changes in multiple genes. The information provided by this study can enrich the currently available candidate genes and genetic resources pools, offering evidence for subsequent analysis of genetic adaptation of wheat to different climatic conditions of Iran and other countries.
Transcriptomics uncovers substantial variability associated with alterations in manufacturing processes of macrophage cell therapy products
Authors: Gurvich Olga L. , Puttonen Katja A. , Bailey Aubrey , Kailaanmäki Anssi , Skirdenko Vita , Sivonen Minna , Pietikäinen Sanna , Parker Nigel R. , Ylä-Herttuala Seppo , Kekarainen Tuija
Published: August 2020

Gene expression plasticity is central for macrophages’ timely responses to cues from the microenvironment permitting phenotypic adaptation from pro-inflammatory (M1) to wound healing and tissue-regenerative (M2, with several subclasses). Regulatory macrophages are a distinct macrophage type, possessing immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic properties. Due to these features, regulatory macrophages are considered as a potential cell therapy product to treat clinical conditions, e.g., non-healing diabetic foot ulcers. In this study we characterized two differently manufactured clinically relevant regulatory macrophages, programmable cells of monocytic origin and comparator macrophages (M1, M2a and M0) using flow-cytometry, RT-qPCR, phagocytosis and secretome measurements, and RNA-Seq. We demonstrate that conventional phenotyping had a limited potential to discriminate different types of macrophages which was ameliorated when global transcriptome characterization by RNA-Seq was employed. Using this approach we confirmed that macrophage manufacturing processes can result in a highly reproducible cell phenotype. At the same time, minor changes introduced in manufacturing resulted in phenotypically and functionally distinct regulatory macrophage types. Additionally, we have identified a novel constellation of process specific biomarkers, which will support further clinical product development.
Markers of remodeling in subcutaneous adipose tissue are strongly associated with overweight and insulin sensitivity in healthy non-obese men
Authors: Åkra Sissel , Aksnes Tonje A. , Flaa Arnljot , Eggesbø Heidi B. , Opstad Trine Baur , Njerve Ida U. , Seljeflot Ingebjørg
Published: August 2020

Alteration in extracellular matrix (ECM) in adipose tissues (AT) has been associated with insulin resistance, diabetes and obesity. We investigated whether selected biomarkers of ECM remodeling in AT in healthy subjects associated with the amount and distribution of AT and with glucometabolic variables. Subcutaneous AT and fasting blood samples from 103 middle-aged healthy non-obese men were used. AT gene expression and circulating levels of the biomarkers were quantified. Distribution of AT was assessed by computed tomography, separated into subcutaneous, deep subcutaneous and visceral AT. Insulin sensitivity was measured by glucose clamp technique. Metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 expression in AT correlated significantly to the amount of AT in all compartments (rs = 0.41–0.53, all p ≤ 0.01), and to insulin sensitivity, insulin, C-peptide, waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) (rs = 0.25–0.57, all p ≤ 0.05). MMP-9 was 5.3 fold higher in subjects with insulin sensitivity below median (p = 0.002) and 3.1 fold higher in subjects with BMI above median level (p = 0.013). In our healthy non-obese middle-aged population AT-expressed genes, central in remodeling of ECM, associated strongly with the amount of abdominal AT, overweight and insulin sensitivity, indicating AT-remodeling to play a role also in non-obese individuals. The remodeling process seems furthermore to associate significantly with glucometabolic disturbances.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01412554. Registered 9 August 2011, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01412554?term=NCT01412554.
Direct probe of the interior of an electric pion in a Cooper pair superinsulator
Authors: Diamantini M. C. , Postolova S. V. , Mironov A. Yu. , Gammaitoni L. , Strunk C. , Trugenberger C. A. , Vinokur V. M.
Published: August 2020

The nature of hadrons is one of the most fundamental mysteries of physics. It is generally agreed that they are made of “colored” quarks, which move nearly free at short scales but are confined inside hadrons by strong interactions at large distances. Because of confinement, quarks are never directly observable and, experimentally, their properties can be tested only indirectly, via high energy collisions. Here we show that superinsulating films realize a complete, one-color model system of hadron physics with Cooper pairs playing the role of quarks. We report measurements on highly controlled NbTiN films that provide a window into the interior of "Cooper pair mesons" and present the first direct evidence of asymptotic freedom, ‘t Hooft’s dual superconductivity confinement mechanism, and magnetic monopoles.
Increase in sea level variability with ocean warming associated with the nonlinear thermal expansion of seawater
Authors: Widlansky Matthew J. , Long Xiaoyu , Schloesser Fabian
Published: August 2020

Sea level variability increasingly contributes to coastal flooding and erosion as global sea levels rise, partly due to the thermal expansion of seawater, which accelerates with increasing temperature. Climate model simulations with increasing greenhouse gas emissions suggest that future sea level variability, such as the annual and interannual oscillations that alter local astronomical tidal cycles and contribute to coastal impacts, will also increase in many regions. Here, we present an analysis of the CMIP5 climate model projections of future sea level to show that there is a tendency for a near-global increase in sea level variability with continued warming that is robust across models, regardless of whether ocean temperature variability increases. Specifically, for an upper-ocean warming by 2 °C, which is likely to be reached by the end of this century, sea level variability increases by 4 to 10% globally on seasonal-to-interannual timescales because of the nonlinear thermal expansion of seawater. As the oceans continue to warm, future ocean temperature oscillations will cause increasingly larger buoyancy-related sea level fluctuations that may alter coastal risks.
Return to rapid ice loss in Greenland and record loss in 2019 detected by the GRACE-FO satellites
Authors: Sasgen Ingo , Wouters Bert , Gardner Alex S. , King Michalea D. , Tedesco Marco , Landerer Felix W. , Dahle Christoph , Save Himanshu , Fettweis Xavier
Published: August 2020

Between 2003-2016, the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) was one of the largest contributors to sea level rise, as it lost about 255 Gt of ice per year. This mass loss slowed in 2017 and 2018 to about 100 Gt yr−1. Here we examine further changes in rate of GrIS mass loss, by analyzing data from the GRACE-FO (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment – Follow On) satellite mission, launched in May 2018. Using simulations with regional climate models we show that the mass losses observed in 2017 and 2018 by the GRACE and GRACE-FO missions are lower than in any other two year period between 2003 and 2019, the combined period of the two missions. We find that this reduced ice loss results from two anomalous cold summers in western Greenland, compounded by snow-rich autumn and winter conditions in the east. For 2019, GRACE-FO reveals a return to high melt rates leading to a mass loss of 223 ± 12 Gt month−1 during the month of July alone, and a record annual mass loss of 532 ± 58 Gt yr−1.
Chemical modification of ovatodiolide revealed a promising amino-prodrug with improved pharmacokinetic profile
Authors: Xiang Junhong , Zhang Xuemei , Wang Dehong , Li Jiaxin , Li Qiuying , Wang Qin , Ding Yahui , Chen Tianyang , Sun Yuanjun , Bao Shiqi , Chen Jing , Li Dongmei , Wang Liang , Chen Yue
Published: August 2020

Stepwise modification of ovatodiolide revealed a prodrug NMP-diepoxyovatodiolide, which is a very promising candidate for further development of liver-related drugs.
Mechanism study on the abnormal accumulation and deposition of islet amyloid polypeptide by cold-spray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Su , Liu Yang , Zhou Yanan , He Lan , Ouyang Jin
Published: August 2020

Native cold-spray ionization mass spectrometry (CSI-MS) technology is employed to characterize the IAPP oligomers and to study the mechanism between IAPP and small-molecule inhibitors.
Evolution of metal organic frameworks as electrocatalysts for water oxidation
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Subhabrata , Basu Olivia , Nasani Rajendar , Das Samar K.
Published: August 2020

The development of metal organic framework based water oxidation catalysts is discussed here in connection with various design strategies.
Cu2Se-Based liquid-like thermoelectric materials: looking back and stepping forward
Authors: Zhang Zixun , Zhao Kunpeng , Wei Tian-Ran , Qiu Pengfei , Chen Lidong , Shi Xun
Published: August 2020

This review summarizes the recent advances and future challenges for Cu2Se-based thermoelectric materials.
Bioinspired succinyl-β-cyclodextrin membranes for enhanced uranium extraction and reclamation
Authors: Li Nan , Yang Li , Ji Xiaoyan , Ren Jia , Gao Baoyu , Deng Weiqiao , Wang Zhining
Published: August 2020

Schematic of adsorption/desorption for U(vi) on SβCDM, the grafting of SβCD and adsorption mechanism.
Chitosan–polydopamine hydrogel complex: a novel green adhesion agent for reversibly bonding thermoplastic microdevice and its application for cell-friendly microfluidic 3D cell culture
Authors: Trinh Kieu The Loan , Le Nguyen Xuan Thanh , Lee Nae Yoon
Published: August 2020

A chitosan–polydopamine hydrogel complex was introduced as an UV-assisted biocompatible adhesion agent for fabricating a PMMA microdevice employed in spheroid formation.
A biocompatible ZnNa2-based metal–organic framework with high ibuprofen, nitric oxide and metal uptake capacity
Authors: Winterlich Meghan , Efthymiou Constantinos G. , Papawassiliou Wassillios , Carvalho Jose P. , Pell Andrew J. , Mayans Julia , Escuer Albert , Carty Michael P. , McArdle Patrick , Tylianakis Emmanuel , Morrison Liam , Froudakis George , Papatriantafyllopoulou Constantina
Published: August 2020

The synthesis and characterization of a mixed metal ZnNa2 MOF (NUIG1) is discussed; NUIG1 displays a new framework topology, and possesses an exceptionally high drug adsorption capacity and metal encapsulation potential.
Tough sheets of nanowires produced floating in the gas phase
Authors: Schäufele Richard S. , Vazquez-Pufleau Miguel , Vilatela Juan J.
Published: August 2020

SiNWs are continuously grown in the gas phase and directly collected as tough, macroscopic sheets that are flexible and free-standing.
A thiourea cross-linked three-dimensional graphene aerogel as a broad-spectrum adsorbent for dye and heavy metal ion removal
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Cui Xurui , Wang Yuejiao , Shan Weijun , Lou Zhenning , Xiong Ying
Published: August 2020

A honeycomb-like three-dimensional graphene-based aerogel applied to remove pollutants was assembled via a mild, easy-to-operate hydrothermal synthesis method.
Helical surface magnetization in nanowires: the role of chirality
Authors: Ruiz-Gómez Sandra , Fernández-González Claudia , Martínez Eduardo , Raposo Victor , Sorrentino Andrea , Foerster Michael , Aballe Lucía , Mascaraque Arantzazu , Ferrer Salvador , Pérez Lucas
Published: August 2020

Nanomagnetism is nowadays expanding into three dimensions, triggered by the discovery of new magnetic spin textures that should be studied and understood.
CuS nanoparticles in humid environments: adsorbed water enhances the transformation of CuS to CuSO4
Authors: Wu Haibin , Or Victor W. , Gonzalez-Calzada Sabrina , Grassian Vicki H.
Published: August 2020

Copper sulfide nanoparticles have attracted immense research interest due to their widespread use in a range of applications. Here we investigate surface transformations of these nanoparticles in humid environments.
Posttranscriptional site-directed spin labeling of large RNAs with an unnatural base pair system under non-denaturing conditions
Authors: Wang Yan , Kathiresan Venkatesan , Chen Yaoyi , Hu Yanping , Jiang Wei , Bai Guangcan , Liu Guoquan , Qin Peter Z. , Fang Xianyang
Published: August 2020

Site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) of large RNAs for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has remained challenging to date.
Fabrication of a CuCo2O4/PANI nanocomposite as an advanced electrode for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Rajkumar S. , Elanthamilan E. , Merlin J. Princy , Daisy Priscillal I. Jenisha , Lydia I. Sharmila
Published: August 2020

The as-synthesized CuCo2O4/PANI nanocomposite has emerged as a new type of electrode material for energy storage applications due to its low cost and sustainable and high electrochemical performance.
Source of 12C in Calvin–Benson cycle intermediates and isoprene emitted from plant leaves fed with 13CO2
Authors: Sharkey Thomas D. , Preiser Alyssa L. , Weraduwage Sarathi M. , Gog Linus
Published: August 2020

Feeding 14CO2 was crucial to uncovering the path of carbon in photosynthesis. Feeding 13CO2 to photosynthesizing leaves emitting isoprene has been used to develop hypotheses about the sources of carbon for the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway, which makes the precursors for terpene synthesis in chloroplasts and bacteria. Both photosynthesis and isoprene studies found that products label very quickly (<10 min) up to 80–90% but the last 10–20% of labeling requires hours indicating a source of 12C during photosynthesis and isoprene emission. Furthermore, studies with isoprene showed that the proportion of slow label could vary significantly. This was interpreted as a variable contribution of carbon from sources other than the Calvin–Benson cycle (CBC) feeding the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway. Here, we measured the degree of label in isoprene and photosynthetic metabolites 20 min after beginning to feed 13CO2. Isoprene labeling was the same as labeling of photosynthesis intermediates. High temperature reduced the label in isoprene and photosynthesis intermediates by the same amount indicating no role for alternative carbon sources for isoprene. A model assuming glucose, fructose, and/or sucrose reenters the CBC as ribulose 5-phosphate through a cytosolic shunt involving glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was consistent with the observations.
Quantum dot multi-wavelength lasers for Tbit/s coherent communications and 5G wireless networks -INVITED
Authors: Lu Z.G. , Liu J.R. , Mao Y.X. , Zeb K. , Liu G.C. , Webber J. , Rahim M. , Pakulski G. , Song C.Y. , Vachon M. , Barrios P. , Poitras D. , Wang S.R. , Jiang W.H. , Poole P.
Published: August 2020

We will present the design, growth, fabrication, electronic control and packaging of the InAs/InP quantum dot (QD) multi-wavelength lasers (MWLs) developed by AEP of NRC in Canada. Their key technical specifications include L-I-V curves, optical and RF beating spectra, relative intensity noise (RIN), and optical phase noise of each individual wavelength channel, as well as timing jitter are investigated. Data bandwidth transmission capacity of 5.376 Tbit/s and 10.3 Tbit/s respectively in the PAM-4 and 16-QAM modulation formats are demonstrated by only using a single QD MWL chip. We have also developed a novel monolithic InAs/InP QD dual-wavelength (DW) DFB laser as a compact optical beat source to generate millimeter-wave (MMW) signals. Because of using a common cavity, highly coherent and correlated optical modes with optical linewidth as low as 15.83 kHz, spectrally pure MMW signals around 46.8 GHz with a linewidth down to 26.1 kHz were experimentally demonstrated. By using this QD DW-DFB laser, a 1Gbaud (2Gbps) MMW over-fiber transmission link is demonstrated with PAM-4 signals. The results show that the demonstrated device is suitable for high speed high capacity MMW fiber-wireless integrated fronthaul of 5G networks.
Efficient modeling techniques for plasmonic and photonic devices
Authors: Abdrabou Amgad , Obayya S. S. A.
Published: August 2020

Plasmonics plays a vital role in realizing nanophotonic devices for integrated optics due to its strong light localization into subwavelength dimensions beyond the diffraction limit. Therefore, plasmonics has a wide range of applications such as sensing, solar cells, microscopy, etc. Plasmonics modelling techniques are necessary for understanding the underlying physics of plasmonic devices. However, correct modelling of these devices is still an obstacle facing some of existing modeling techniques. In this paper, we discuss the shortcomings of the existing tools for analysing plasmonic devices, highlight their main features and suggest some powerful remedies.
Numerically solving generated Jacobian equations in freeform optical design
Authors: Romijn Lotte B. , Anthonissen Martijn J.H. , ten Thije Boonkkamp Jan H.M. , IJzerman Wilbert L.
Published: August 2020

We present an efficient numerical algorithm that can be used to solve the generalized Monge-Ampère equations for a single freeform reflector and lens surface. These equations are instances of so-called ‘generated Jacobian equations’ which are characterized by associated generating functions. The algorithm has a wide applicability to any optical system that can be described by a smooth generating function.
Octopus – Application test of a simple and effective tool for polishing slurry monitoring
Authors: Vogt Christian , Faehnle Oliver , Kochs Patrick , Rascher Rolf
Published: August 2020

In the digital age it has become a fundamental issue to monitor and control process parameters continuously and automatically. The monitoring of critical process parameters enables better quality at lower production costs and higher yields. In order to investigate the interactions between production quality and polishing parameters, we have developed a solution for automatic and reliable measurement of critical parameters. With this paper we first document the resolution and accuracy of the system compared to manual measuring methods currently in use.
Light sheet fluorescence microscope for microfluidic chip
Authors: Bissardon Caroline , Mermet Xavier , Morales Sophie , Bottausci Frédéric , Carriere Marie , Rivera Florence , Blandin Pierre
Published: August 2020

We present a light sheet fluorescence microscope dedicated to image “Organ-on-chip”-like biostructures in microfluidic chip. Based on a simple design, the setup is built around the chip and its environment to allow 3D imaging inside the chip in a microfluidic laboratory. The experimental setup, its optical characterization and first volumetric images are reported.
Imaging birefringent tissue in the human tympanic membrane by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography
Authors: Steuer Svea , Golde Jonas , Ossmann Steffen , Kirsten Lars , Morgenstern Joseph , Bornitz Matthias , Neudert Marcus , Koch Edmund
Published: August 2020

Acousto-mechanical properties of the human tympanic membrane mainly depend on the connective tissue in its layered structure. Using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography, a depth-resolved imaging technique which provides additional tissue specific contrast, polarization changes of the birefringent layers in the human tympanic membrane were detected. By depicting estimated local retardances, distinguishing different tissue types was possible. This suggests the ability to image pathological alterations of the connective tissue with PSOCT, which extends the conventional diagnostic methods in middle ear surgery.