bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Domestic violence: historical review and contemporary challenges
Authors: Avramenko S. M. , Melnyk A. R. , Yermolenko I. M.
Published: November 2024

The article examines in detail the historical evolution of the problem of domestic violence in Ukraine, starting from the times of Kyivan Rus and up to the present day. The authors analyze how patriarchal norms and social traditions of different eras shaped the attitude to violence in the family, reflecting this in the legal systems of different historical periods: from the norms of «Ruska Pravda», through the legislation of the Hetmanship and the Russian Empire, to Soviet legislation. The work emphasizes that in a patriarchal society, physical violence against women and children was considered an acceptable form of discipline for a long time, and the intervention of state authorities in family conflicts was minimal.
Particular attention is paid to the period of the Soviet era, when the problem of domestic violence was officially silenced, and conflicts in the family were considered a private matter. The scientific work also analyzes the social consequences after the independence of Ukraine in 1991, when economic difficulties and changes in society led to the aggravation of the problem of domestic violence.
Particular attention is paid to the modern legislation of Ukraine in the field of domestic violence prevention, in particular the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On Prevention and Combating Domestic Violence» in 2018, which expanded the legal mechanisms for the protection of victims, as well as the ratification of the Istanbul Convention in 2022, which became an important step in the fight with violence. The authors analyze not only legal instruments, but also the role of civil society and international organizations in drawing attention to the problem and protecting victims.
The article also highlights the main challenges facing Ukrainian society in overcoming domestic violence: social stereotypes, insufficient state resources to support victims, and a low level of legal culture.
The authors conclude that the fight against domestic violence requires not only the improvement of legislation, but also deep socio-cultural changes in society.
Preventive measures regarding juvenile crime
Authors: Antonyik A. B.
Published: November 2024

The article talks about the conditions that can serve as a good motivation among minors to commit a criminal offense.
The author states that the negative influence of peers can have a detrimental effect on a minor, therefore, in this case, even children from well-off families are at risk if the parents failed to react in time.
An important aspect of the research is the determination of the situation in higher education institutions regarding the proper control and implementation of educational measures that can reduce the risk of juvenile delinquency. According to the results of research, the scientists came to the conclusion that it is precisely in institutions of higher education there may be favorable conditions for the growth of juvenile delinquency if it is not countered.
The article reveals the question of the stages of juvenile delinquency divided into four main areas: accidental - when a child falls into an unfortunate coincidence of circumstances and, not realizing all the consequences, may break the law; unstable – sometimes a certain situation pushes teenagers to commit theft, such as poor financial security or a strong desire to get something; negative - children who are characterized by extremely aggressive behavior and a negative personality orientation, as a rule, is caused by a certain psychological trauma; malicious - juvenile criminals with a persistent, antisocial personality orientation.
The article describes the causes of juvenile delinquency and identifies their main factors.
It was determined that minors are characterized by underdeveloped psychological and physiological states, lack of experience in social communication, and the ability to correctly assess life situations, in particular from the point of view of the law.
It is substantiated that the consequences of psychological trauma of children of war related to the armed conflict may manifest themselves over time, which will lead to an increase in the number of intentional murders under aggravating circumstances, hooliganism, serial rapes, qualified and especially qualified robberies, kidnappings, extortion combined with violence, illegal possession of vehicles and other violent crimes.
Criminal responsibility for corruption offenses based on compliance with the principles of legal responsibility
Authors: Antonyik A. B. , Demchenko V. O.
Published: November 2024

The article highlights the current problem of criminal responsibility for corruption offenses in Ukraine through the prism of compliance with the basic principles of legal responsibility. The fight against corruption is one of the key aspects for the development of a democratic society and the rule of law, however, excessive rigidity in approaches to the criminalization of corrupt acts may lead to a violation of the principles of justice, proportionality and individualization of punishments. The author of the article focuses on the fact that measures of criminal law influence should correspond to the degree of social danger of a specific offense and take into account the individual circumstances of each case. In particular, an argument is given regarding the need to take into account the personal characteristics of guilty persons when determining the type and degree of punishment, which will contribute to increasing the effectiveness of anti-corruption policy.
The article emphasizes the importance of implementing effective preventive mechanisms in the fight against corruption and reforming institutional processes, which will help reduce the level of corruption offenses. The authors propose an approach to improving the mechanisms of individualizing punishments, as well as humanizing the legislation regulating the fight against corruption. This will allow achieving a balance between the severity of criminal sanctions and the observance of legal justice, ensuring at the same time the effectiveness of punishments and the possibility of rehabilitation of offenders.
The article also draws attention to the importance of integrating international experience in the field of anti-corruption measures, which will increase the effectiveness of national reforms. The issue of institutional independence of anti-corruption bodies is considered separately, which is an important factor for ensuring the objectivity and impartiality of their activities. This approach will contribute to building a more transparent and effective justice system in Ukraine, capable of effectively combating corruption.
The article emphasizes the need to ensure compliance with the principles of legal justice, proportionality and individualization in the process of criminalizing corruption offenses as one of the key conditions for an effective anti-corruption policy in Ukraine.
It is noted that the punitive function of legal responsibility cannot be considered the main one in a democratic society, because otherwise responsibility turns into an end in itself, «responsibility for the sake of responsibility.» The purpose of punishing an offender is not just punishment, but primarily the prevention of new offenses. This also applies to corruption offenses, which must be considered in the context of a wider system of norms that promote lawful behavior.
Objective side of transfer or collection of data constituting official information collected in the course of operational search, counterintelligence activities in the field of defense of the country (Article 330 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine)
Authors: Bazeliuk V. V.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the objective aspect of transferring or collecting data constituting proprietary information collected in the course of operational and investigative, counterintelligence activities in the field of defense of the country.
It is established that the objective side of this criminal offense is expressed in two forms: 1) transfer of data constituting proprietary information collected in the course of operational and investigative, counterintelligence activities in the field of defense of the country to foreign enterprises, institutions, organizations or their representatives; 2) collection of such data for the purpose of transferring to foreign enterprises, institutions, organizations or their representatives.
The transfer takes place when a person possesses them and communicates (transmits, delivers) them to foreign enterprises, institutions, organizations or their representatives. The methods of transmission may be different (oral, written, direct familiarization with any materials, transmission via the Internet, by telephone, using caches, couriers, etc.) It also does not matter whether the transferred sources are copies or only information about them.
The collection of data constituting official information collected in the course of operational, investigative, counterintelligence activities in the field of national defense should be understood as active actions to search for, concentrate (summarize, generalize) and record (image, photograph, copy, memorize) information.
The peculiarity of the transfer and collection of information constituting proprietary information collected in the course of operational and investigative, counterintelligence, and defense activities is that it becomes the property of only foreign enterprises, institutions, organizations, or their representatives, and not of any interested person.
Part 1 of Art. 330 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine does not provide for the occurrence of socially dangerous consequences, and, therefore, is not a mandatory feature of the objective side of this criminal offense.
The criminal offense under Article 330 of the CC of Ukraine is considered completed either from the moment of transmission or from the moment of collection of information for the purpose of its transmission.
The content of the objective side of this criminal offense includes its optional features - method, means, place, time and setting of the commission. These features are a set of specific conditions under which a criminal offense is committed, the objective side develops and a criminal offense result occurs.
Forms and methods of legalization (laundering) of property obtained by crime, determining the objective side of the criminal offense provided for in Art. 209 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine
Authors: Hladkovskyi M.
Published: November 2024

The objective side of a criminal offense is the most important element of the composition of the crime, by which, in the vast majority, one crime differs from another. The Criminal Code of Ukraine contains Art. 209 «Legalization (laundering) of property obtained through criminal means.» In the disposition of this article of the Special Part of the Criminal Code, the legislator described, first of all, the signs of the objective side of the criminal offense. And since the content of the signs of this element is often a criterion for distinguishing adjacent elements of criminal offenses, the clarification of the constituent elements of the objective side of the composition of the crime provided for in Art. 209 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, will provide an opportunity to provide an accurate legal assessment of a socially dangerous act, provided for in Art. 209 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
Money legalization or «laundering» is the act of channeling funds obtained from illegal/criminal activities through the financial system in such a way as to give the impression that the funds were obtained from legitimate sources.
In Part 1 of Art. 209 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine initially established four forms of the objective party, namely: 1) acquisition of property, in respect of which the actual circumstances testify to its acquisition by criminal means; 2) possession of such property; 3) use of such property; 4) disposal of such property. Next, the legislator provided an open list of ways by which the first four forms of the objective side of criminal legalization can be committed. These methods are: 1) carrying out a financial transaction with property, regarding which the actual circumstances indicate that it was obtained by criminal means; 2) execution of a transaction with such property. The following forms of the objective side of criminal legalization are defined: 5) transfer of property, regarding which the actual circumstances testify to its acquisition by criminal means; 6) change of form (transformation) of such property; 7) committing actions aimed at concealing or disguising: a) the origin of the property, in relation to which the factual circumstances testify to its obtaining by criminal means, b) its possession, c) the right to such property, d) the source of its origin, e) the location.
The need for a legal mechanism for creating attractive military companies as a component of the reintegration of military personnel into society
Authors: Hnedyk Ye. S.
Published: November 2024

Based on the analysis of the situation in Ukraine regarding the number of military personnel with combat experience and the need for their reintegration into society during the transition from military to civilian life after the war, as well as the analysis of foreign experience, the need to develop a legal mechanism for creating private military companies in Ukraine is substantiated.
The current state of developing a legal mechanism for creating private military companies is analyzed, particularly scientific developments, draft laws submitted to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, and conclusions. It is stated that in Ukrainian society and politics, there is an understanding of the need to legalize the activities of private military companies. At the same time, a legal mechanism for such activities has not yet been developed.
When developing such a mechanism, special attention should be paid to the compliance of the activities of private military companies with the Constitution of Ukraine, as well as the norms of international and international humanitarian law. The provisions of the Montreux Document signed by Ukraine, The International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers, documents of the United Nations, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe should be considered.
It has been deemed appropriate to use the experience of the United States, Canada, Germany, and other countries, which successfully attracted former military personnel who participated in military operations to work in such companies when developing the mechanism for creating and operating the PMC.
It is concluded that the creation and functioning of private military companies in Ukraine based on international and international humanitarian law using the existing human potential can become a significant factor in security while ensuring a comfortable transition from military to peaceful life for a substantial part of Ukrainian combatants, as well as additional financial revenues to the budgets of Ukraine. At the same time, insufficiently thought-out decisions in this area can have very negative consequences. Therefore, solving the difficult task of creating and functioning private military companies requires serious scientific research, which is highly insufficient in Ukraine.
Efficiency of measures to combat smuggling and violation of customs rules
Authors: Dopilka V. O. , Zagorodnyuk S. O.
Published: November 2024

Implementation of the State policy in the activities of the Customs Service is carried out through the system of law enforcement, human rights and judicial authorities. Counteraction to violations of customs legislation is entrusted to the customs authorities of Ukraine. The activities of the Customs Service are associated with the need to obtain information on the security of the state border, on persons crossing the border, and on the items being transported, which is provided by the Security Service of Ukraine.
The state law enforcement policy is implemented not only through the activities of law enforcement agencies, but also through the system of human rights bodies of state power. These include the institution of the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights, as well as the bar and notary.
The specificity of law enforcement agencies is the combination of law enforcement functions with organizational, managerial, control and inspection functions.
The Customs Service plays a central role in preventing and detecting offenses related to the movement of goods across the customs border of Ukraine. The State Customs Service of Ukraine is a central executive body that ensures the state customs policy, organizes the functioning of the customs system, manages the area of management entrusted to it, and is responsible for its condition and development. The Customs Service is accompanied by military border guard units, which ensures the effectiveness of its tasks in preventing and detecting smuggling and customs offenses.
Criminal legislation is evolving to increase liability and recognize smuggling as a criminal offense, taking into account the value of goods moved across the customs border of Ukraine. The type of the transported goods determines the qualification of the offense.
Social-legal and psychological aspects of domestic violence in the demographic segment of ex-spouses, ex-partners
Authors: Zinsu O. I.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of domestic violence of the demographic profile of ex-partners, ex-spouses, ex-fiancées. The motivational unit of the study was the concept of a segmental study of domestic violence, laid down by the author in the course of her dissertation work. In the course of the study, scientific works devoted to family problems in general and problems of domestic violence, in particular, were analyzed. The monitoring of enforcement acts of separate and civil proceedings was carried out and the enforcement acts (sentences) of criminal proceedings under Art. 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is indicated that the problem of domestic violence of the studied demographic segment has matured so much, is extremely relevant and requires urgent measures of targeted legal, ethical, moral education, including educational activities aimed at erasing stereotypes of the standard of hostility between ex-partners, ex-spouses, ex – brides. It is emphasized that the fact of divorce, as well as grounds for dissolution of marriage, partnerships, should not become grounds for the formation or deepening of domestic violence. The expediency of searching and finding compromises in the transformation of destruction into a constructive channel of cooperation with the use, as needed, of innovative mediation mechanisms is emphasized. After all, for one’s own psychological well-being as an integral phenomenon, personal inner harmony, combined with ecological components of the harmony of the surrounding world, is important. Instead, harboring numerous grievances, resentment towards an ex-partner, ex-spouse, ex-fiancé primarily harms one’s own psychoneurological status, thus disrupting one’s own harmony of being, and over time leads to chronic fatigue and depression. On this basis, the role of self-development, self-realization, and self-reflection in the activation of internal and external resources of the individual’s stress resistance as a component of the systemic approach to preventing and countering domestic violence is argued.
Prospects for further research are seen in deepening the systematization of the leading theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of the problem field of the polyphonic deep conflict «domestic violence».
Criminal liability for acts with property obtained by criminal means: system analysis of the regulation and delimitation of corpus delicti
Authors: Krasnytskyi I. V.
Published: November 2024

The article provides a systematic analysis of the provisions of the criminal law of Ukraine on liability for acts with property obtained by criminal means. As a result, the author distinguishes a set of criminal law provisions on such acts. This system of provisions is united by the following common features: acts aimed at acquiring or exercising ownership rights to the property obtained by criminal means or aimed at concealing their illegal origin (as a way of concealing the predicate (primary) criminal offense in general); socially dangerous consequences (“infusion” of criminal proceeds into legal circulation), general features of the subject and intentional form of guilt (except for negligence which is possible in the course of legalization of the property obtained by criminal means - art. 209 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine).
The criminal law provisions on actions with the property obtained by criminal means, the totality of which has the features of the so-called association of criminal law provisions, include the provisions provided for in: part 5 of Article 27 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (as a sign of an accomplice); Articles 198, 396 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (as a sign of involvement in a criminal offense); Articles 199, 209, 256, 306 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (the so-called secondary independent corpus delicti of criminal offenses).
The main distinguishing feature of an act with property obtained by criminal means as part of complicity (part 5 of Article 27 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), as well as in the case of involvement (Articles 198, 396 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) and legalization of property obtained by criminal means (Article 209 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) is that legalization involves only legally defined types of property or property of a certain value, accompanied by threshold or suspicious transactions or financial transactions. Subsidiary application of the Law of Ukraine “On Prevention and Counteraction to Legalization (Laundering) of the Proceeds of Crime, Terrorist Financing and Financing of the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction” No. 361-IX of December 6, 2019 is mandatory to establish the content of the elements of the crime of “Legalization (laundering) of the proceeds of crime” (Article 209 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine).
Accordingly, the acquisition of ownership of other property (which is not the subject of transactions and financial operations which are subject to financial monitoring) or the exercise of ownership powers in relation to such property is covered by the institute of complicity (if the person promised to commit such acts in advance) or the institute of involvement in a predicate criminal offense under Articles 198 and 396 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (if the person did not promise to commit such acts in advance).
Analysis of the constructive flaws and shortcomings of Article 435-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the search for ways to eliminate them
Authors: Starostina O. Yu.
Published: November 2024

The article is dedicated to the study of the structural flaws and deficiencies of Article 435-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, “Insult to the Honor and Dignity of a Serviceman, Threat to a Serviceman,” which, under the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Strengthening Criminal Liability for the Manufacture and Distribution of Prohibited Information Products” No. 2110-IX, which came into force on March 16, 2022 (hereinafter referred to as Law No. 2110-IX), was included in Section XIX of the Criminal Code of Ukraine “Criminal Offenses Against the Established Order of Military Service (Military Criminal Offenses).” The author analyzed the disposition of Article 435-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and highlighted several contentious issues, in particular: the placement of the article in Section XIX of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which does not correspond to the generic object of this criminal offense and its subject composition, as a result of which the jurisdiction of the criminal offense provided for in Article 435-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine falls simultaneously under two pre-trial investigation bodies, such as the Security Service of Ukraine and the State Bureau of Investigation; the presence in the disposition of the article of an unnecessary limitation regarding the duration and the range of servicemen to whom this article applies. The impact and consequences of the existing shortcomings on the practical application of the examined provision are described, such as the violation of the principle of legal certainty and the ambiguity of the legal norm, as well as the unclear mechanism for the application of such a norm in practice. Based on the analysis, the author provided recommendations for eliminating the shortcomings described in the article through legislative improvement of this norm, namely: moving the norm to Section I of the Criminal Code of Ukraine by supplementing it with an independent article; adjusting the disposition of the article by expanding the range of persons who can be victims of this criminal offense, as well as removing the wording “armed aggression of the Russian Federation” from the disposition and supplementing it with more general formulations like “armed aggression” and “armed conflict.”
Debatable issues of defining the object of collaborative activity (Article 111-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine)
Authors: Tananakin O. V.
Published: November 2024

In the criminal law doctrine, it is considered that the object of any criminal offense is one of the main elements of its composition, without which it will not make sense to talk about the existence of such an offense and bring criminal responsibility for it. Collaborative activities are no exception. Considering this, as well as the relative novelty of the studied article 111-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, we believe that the definition of the object of this criminal offense needs to be clarified taking into account certain debatable aspects of the selected issue.
The purpose of this article is to define the concept of the direct object of collaborative activity, as well as possible additional objects of actions that make up its composition.
The most accurate and universal is the concept according to which the object of a criminal offense is defined as the order of social relations, which is protected by the norms of the criminal law. According to this, the object of collaborative activity is the direct object of collaborative activity can be defined as the order of public relations in the sphere of ensuring the state sovereignty, defense capability and national security of Ukraine in the state, political, economic, informational and military spheres. Mandatory additional objects of collaborative activity are: the order of public relations in the sphere of ensuring the activities of state authorities (parts 2, 5, 7); order of social relations in the field of economic activity (part 4); the order of public relations regarding the provision of electoral legislation and the referendum (part 6); the order of social relations in the sphere of ensuring normal moral, intellectual development and socialization of minors (part 3); order of public relations in the sphere of protection of human life and health and property relations (part 8).
This study does not solve all the problems associated with determining the composition of collaborative activity, but it is promising in the field of solving problems regarding criminal liability for criminally punishable acts that make up the composition of collaborative activity.
Artificial intelligence and personal data: privacy protection in the digital environment
Authors: Ostiian Y. Z.
Published: November 2024

This paper focuses on the current risks associated with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in processing personal data (PD), particularly about individuals’ privacy and confidentiality rights. The paper identifies and examines specific areas of artificial intelligence data processing and discusses how modern trends and threats to data protection impact the development of a robust regulatory framework for managing such technologies.
The analysis of Ukraine’s digital transformation journey and specific cases of privacy rights violations through artificial intelligence globally has highlighted unauthorized access to data and insufficient preventive measures for information protection. These issues have been found to harm information security and economic stability. Despite this, there has been a notable trend on online platforms to label content created with the assistance of artificial intelligence.
The paper delves into the legal nature of artificial intelligence and the need for an interdisciplinary approach involving both legal mechanisms and technological tools due to the complexity of the data it uses. Furthermore, artificial intelligence is shown to play a crucial role in updating legal regimes, particularly in information security, personal data protection, and individual privacy.
Given this, the main shortcomings of the national legislation on the protection of PD have been considered. The national strategy for regulating artificial intelligence has been analyzed, and ways of solving key problems in these fields have been proposed. A separate point was noted in the draft laws on protecting personal data in Ukraine and how they align with European data protection standards in the context of developing artificial intelligence. Also, for comparison, strategies for developing artificial intelligence through the prism of international experience are presented, and European legislation on data protection (General Data Protection Regulation) and the EU Act on AI are processed to identify the main points of their relationship.
Legal concepts of reformation of taxation of real estate property, different from land plot, in Ukraine
Authors: Pozhydaieva M. A.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the coverage of priorities for improving the legal mechanism of real estate property taxation and legal concepts of reformation of administration of tax on real estate property, different from land plot, taking into account the current legal regime of martial law and the prospects of the post-war period in Ukraine. In the context of solvency, the property owner uses affordable and high-quality public goods and services. They are financed from the local budget, where this property owner рауs local taxes and fees, performing economic activity and / or living in the territorial community.
For last years in Ukraine there has been an increase in income from the real estate property tax. It may indicate the strengthening of its fiscal significance and the need for further filling of the State Register of Property Rights to Real Estate Property and improving the administration of this tax. Administration costs shouldn’t be burdensome. Attention is paid to the debatable nature of the existing real estate property tax administration trends and proposals for further reforming the procedures for collection of this tax. It leads to the search for effective legal ensuring of the optimal model of taxation of real estate objects in Ukraine both during the legal regime of martial law or state of emergency, and in the post-war period. Proven need to use of cadastral valuation in determining the value of real estate object as a tax base for the annual real estate property tax. It will help to avoid discrimination in the taxation of real estate property owners and ensure an objective tax burden.
It is noted that during martial law and in the medium-term post-war perspective, Ukraine lacks economic and legislative prerequisites for the introduction of cost and physical indicators for determining the tax base for this tax.
Alternative New Cosmogony
Authors: Guts A.K.
Published: November 2024

The article indicates the mathematical apparatus by means of which it is possible to realize Hegel's ideas about being, about the alienation of ideas in Nature, as well as about the theory of the birth of the Universe through the active participation of consciousness, which is an alternative to the Big Bang theory.
The central series of the group of unitriangular automorphisms of a nilpotent Leibniz algebra of index 2
Authors: Kabanov A.N.
Published: November 2024

A description of the central series of the group of unitriangular automorphisms of a free nilpotent Leibniz algebra of index 2 over an arbitrary field is obtained.
Quantum Time Machine and Loop Quantum Gravity
Authors: Guts A.K.
Published: November 2024

A description of a quantum time machine that performs intertemporal transitions is given within the framework of loop quantum gravity. Unlike quantum geometrodynamics, in this case it becomes clear how to produce effects that change modern geometry to the past.
Calculation of parameters of special three-dimensional stationary flows
Authors: Opryshko O.V.
Published: November 2024

Tornadoes and tropical cyclones are a natural phenomenon characterized by the fact that they arise from an ordinary, rising air current heated by the sun. Under certain conditions, such a flow acquires high speeds, as a result of which multiple destructions occur. In order to mathematically model the flow of an ascending swirling air flow within the framework of the scheme proposed by S.P. Bautin, natural observations collected in the Fujita scale are used. The scale contains data on the width of the tornado destruction strip and wind speeds characteristic of a certain class of tornadoes. In this paper, one Cauchy problem with initial conditions specified on an impermeable horizontal plane z = 0 is set for the system of gas dynamics equations; with a numerical-analytical method for solving this problem, the values ​​of gas-dynamic parameters are determined, including those for finding the kinetic energy of ascending swirling flows. Calculations are carried out for various classes of tornadoes and a tropical cyclone from the extended Fujita table at different values ​​of the heights of the flows under consideration.
Computer modeling of personal identification by iris based on OpenCV
Authors: Nazarova T.Yu. , Lavrov D.N.
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of constructing a recognition algorithm based on the use of the OpenCV library. The results of primary recognition experiments on a small image database are presented.
Soft Computing Ideas Can Help Earthquake Geophysics
Authors: Ayala Solymar , Velasco Aaron , Kreinovich V.
Published: November 2024

Earthquakes can be devastating, thus it is important to gain a good understanding of the corresponding geophysical processes. One of the challenges in geophysics is that we cannot directly measure the corresponding deep-earth quantities, we have to rely on expert knowledge, knowledge which often comes in terms of imprecise (“fuzzy”) words from natural language. To formalize this knowledge, it is reasonable to use techniques that were specifically designed for such a formalization - namely, fuzzy techniques. In this paper, we formulate the problem of optimally representing such knowledge. By solving the corresponding optimization problem, we conclude that the optimal representation involves using piecewise-constant functions. For geophysics applications, this means that we need to go beyond tectonic plates to explicitly consider parts of the plates that move during the earthquake. We argue that such an analysis will lead to a better understanding of earthquake-related geophysics.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN IDEA (ISSUE, DISCUSSION, ESTABLISH, AND APPLY) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP STATISTIKA
Authors: Fatmawatie Ika A’izzah , Wulandari Tri Candra , Ilmi Yuli Ismi Nahdiyati
Published: November 2024

The aims of this study is to determine whether there is an effect of the IDEA (Issue, Discuss, Establish, and Apply) learning model on the ability to understand concepts in students of class VIII Islamic Pakis Junior High School statistics material. This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi experiment design method and a non-equivalent control group design. The population in this study were all students in grade VIII of SMP Islam Pakis in the 2023/2024 school year. The method used for sampling is saturated sampling method. The instrument used is a test, before the instrument is used in the learning process, the researcher must test its validity. The validity test in this study uses content validity. The data collection procedure used by researchers begins with a pretest, the implementation of learning or giving treatment, and ends with a posttest. The data analysis technique used in this study is parametric analysis using the independent sample t-test test. Before using the independent sample t-test test, researchers used 2 prerequisite tests, namely, normality and homogeneous tests. The results of the normality test and homogeneous test both show sig.0.05, which means that the data obtained are normally distributed and from homogeneous samples, so data analysis can be carried out using the Independent sample t-test test with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the pre-test and post-test data analysis from the control and experimental classes showed that there was an effect of learning using the IDEA model on concept understanding ability with Sig. = 0.00 (sig 0.05).
APAKAH TERDAPAT PENGARUH MINAT BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MELALUI SELF REGULATION?
Authors: Lutfa Innani Nadya , Rukmigarsari Ettie , Wulandari Tri Candra
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine the influence of learning interest on students' mathematics learning outcomes through self-regulation. The type of research used in this study is ex-post facto. The population in this study is all students of class X of SMAN 1 Tumpang. The sampling technique used is cluster random sampling. The sample in this study is 71 students. There are 3 variables in this study, namely learning interest (exogenous variable), self-regulation, (intervening variable) and mathematics learning outcomes (endogenous variable). The instruments used for data collection are questionnaires and tests. The questionnaire instrument consists of a learning interest questionnaire and a self-regulation questionnaire. The test instrument is in the form of essay questions on students' mathematics learning results on row and row material. The scores of the learning interest questionnaire and self-regulation, which are ordinal data, were transformed into interval data using the Method of Successive Interval (MSI). Then a normality test was carried out as a condition for a parametric statistical test. The data analysis technique used is path analysis. The results of this study show that learning interest has a positive and significant effect on students' mathematics learning outcomes both directly and indirectly through self-regulation.
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN BERDIFERENSIASI TEAMS ASSISTED INDIVIDUALIZATION (TAI) UNTUK PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN NUMERASI SISWA KELAS XI SMKN 8 PURWOREJO
Authors: Kurniasih Nila , Purwoko Riawan Yudi , Munawaroh Shintia Dwi
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan numerasi dengan menerapkan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi TAI. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian kelas XI TKR A SMK Negeri 8 Purworejo. Rendahnya kemampuan numerasi siswa menjadikan latar belakang penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada siswa kelas XI TKR A SMK Negeri 8 Purworejo yang berjumlah 34 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode pengamatan (observation), Tes Kemampuan Numerasi, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan soal tes berbentuk essay pada tiap siklus. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan adanya peningkatan kemampuan numerasi siswa dan persentase ketuntasan siswa yaitu pada siklus I dan siklus II. Pada observasi siklus I persentase nilai rata-rata siswa yaitu 63,125% dan dengan ketuntasan siswa mencapai 18,35%. Sedangkan pada siklus II persentase nilai rata-rata siswa yaitu 86,875% dan dengan ketuntasan siswa mencapai 81,25%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi Teams Assisted Individualization (TAI) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan numerasi siswa kelas XI TKR A SMK Negeri 8 Purworejo dengan ditandai meningkatnya hasil tes kemampuan numerasi.
ANALISIS METAKOGNISI SISWA DALAM MEMECAHKAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA BERDASARKAN TIPE KEPRIBADIAN KOLERIS DAN PHLEGMATIS
Authors: Ladyawati Erlin , Maftuh Moh. Syukron , Faizah Hanim
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan aktivitas metakognitif siswa kelas VII di SMP Hasanudin Surabaya yang memiliki tipe kepribadian koleris dan phlegmatis dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 2 siswa berkepribadian koleris dan 2 siswa berkepribadian phlegmatis. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif, yang menghasilkan data dalam bentuk deskriptif, baik berupa kata-kata maupun kalimat. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi tes dan wawancara. Peneliti menerapkan dua jenis tes: tes kepribadian untuk mengidentifikasi tipe kepribadian siswa, serta tes pemecahan masalah untuk mengkaji metakognisi siswa dalam mengerjakan soal matematika. Wawancara dilakukan untuk memperkuat hasil tes guna meningkatkan validitas analisis. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui proses reduksi, penyajian data, analisis lebih lanjut, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Keabsahan data diverifikasi menggunakan triangulasi sumber, yakni membandingkan data dari tes dan wawancara dengan data dari soal serupa. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa siswa dengan tipe kepribadian koleris dan phlegmatis telah menunjukkan aktivitas metakognitif yang meliputi tahap perencanaan, pemantauan, dan evaluasi dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika. Pada tahap perencanaan, siswa koleris lebih terperinci dibandingkan siswa phlegmatis, karena mampu menambahkan detail dari informasi yang diperoleh. Dalam tahap pemantauan, siswa koleris dapat menemukan solusi yang lebih singkat dan efisien, sementara siswa phlegmatis cenderung masih mengalami kesulitan. Pada tahap evaluasi, siswa koleris jarang melakukan pemeriksaan ulang karena sudah yakin dengan jawabannya, sedangkan siswa phlegmatis lebih teliti dengan melakukan pemeriksaan untuk memastikan ketepatan hasil.
The impact of AI enablement on students’ personalized learning and countermeasures—A dialectical approach to thinking
Authors: Zheng Shaoxin , Han Ming
Published: November 2024

This study aims to use dialectical thinking to explore the impacts and responses of Artificial Intelligence (AI) empowerment on students’ personalized learning. The effect of AI empowerment on student personalization is dissected through a literature review and empirical cases. The study finds that AI plays a significant role in promoting personalized learning by enhancing students’ learning effectiveness through intelligent recommendation, automated feedback, improving students’ independent learning ability, and optimizing learning paths, however, the wide application of AI also brings problems such as technological dependence, cheating in exams, weakening of critical thinking ability, educational fairness, and data privacy protection to students. The study proposes recommendations to strengthen technology regulation, enhance the synergy between teachers and AI, and optimize the personalized learning model. AI-enabled personalized learning is expected to play a greater role in improving learning efficiency and educational fairness.
The issue of human and natural ecology in modern Kazakh novels (based on the novel “The Last duty” by A. Nurpeisov)
Authors: Kadyl Taldaubek , Sametova Zhanakul , Orda Gulzhakhan , Otarova Akmaral , Seisembayeva Zhanar , Zhetibay Rakymberdi
Published: November 2024

The article examines the appearance of various unfortunate situations and tragic events in modern Kazakh novels that arise due to human and natural ecology problems. The research’s primary goal is to analyze human and natural ecology issues based on contemporary Kazakh novels. We have chosen A. Nurpeyisov’s novel “The Last Duty” as our research material, which focuses on issues of human and natural ecology, and we will discuss the large-scale issues concerning the fate of human, nature, and society as a collective. The research topic’s practical significancelies in examining Kazakh novels that address crucial issues like safeguarding the ecological environment and preserving the green earth, which directly impact the destiny and future of humanity. It also aims to highlight their role in advancing societal development, elevating human values, and safeguarding our spiritual heritage. The research method involves mentioning the names of Kazakh novels that specifically and indirectly focus on the topic of human and natural ecology and summarizing their common features. The article also employed research methods such as analysis, comparison, and discussion. The novelty of the research result: Here are some relevant points. First, in the article, the core topic of the problem of human and natural ecology, which is common to all humanity in modern Kazakh novels, was highlighted. Second, analyzing the three characters, Zhadiger, Pakizat and Azim, which reveal the actual idea of the novel “The Last Duty,” the writer’s stylistic features and skillful aspects were also mentioned during the analysis of the character image through deep psychological analysis, landscape description, clear image, and artistic language, and theoretical conclusions and analyses were presented.
Trajectory of Tomiyama Taeko’s Art as seen in Wild Grass: Our Lives, the 8th Yokohama Triennale.
Authors: Jennison Rebecca
Published: November 2024

For over seven decades, Tomiyama Taeko (1921-2021) created powerful works across various media, including lithography, painting, collage, and multimedia slide/DVD projects. Working on the fringes of the art world, she developed a unique practice that revisits histories obscured by nationalist rhetoric, reimagining narratives of colonization and war from postcolonial and feminist perspectives. Often overlooked in mainstream postwar Japanese art narratives, her work has nonetheless sparked transnational dialogues and reconciliation. This paper discusses the trajectory of selected works by the artist exhibited in 'My Liberation,' part of the 8th Yokohama Triennale, Wild Grass: Our Lives (March 15-June 9, 2024).
The Taxation of Norway’s Richest1
Authors: Bjerksund Petter , Hopland Arnt Ove , Schjelderup Guttorm
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this article is to reconcile findings from Aaberge et al. (2020), which show that the Norwegian tax system is regressive at the top (1 percent richest) of the income distribution. We approach this through the example of an investor who exclusively owns stocks and earns only capital income. Our study examines how various aspects of the Norwegian tax code might contribute to the low average effective tax rate among the wealthiest individuals. Key elements of our analysis include the wealth tax, the tax on distributed dividends, the effective average corporate tax rate, and the type of stocks (listed or nonlisted) the investor holds. We find that, throughout the period from 2004 to 2018, the average effective tax rate for Norwegian investors ranged from 14 to 21 percent, varying based on their efforts to minimize tax payments. Our study confirms that the Norwegian tax system is regressive at the top of the income distribution.