bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GEOCHRONOLOGY ACCORDING TO MONAZITE GRANITES OF THE ANADOLIAN MASSIF (PRIAZOV MEGABLOCK OF THE UKRAINIAN SHIELD)
Authors: Stepanyuk L.M. , Vysotsky O.B. , Pavlov H.H. , Dovbush T.I. , Borodynya B.V.
Published: May 2024

The Anadolian massif (about 300 km2) is located between the rivers Kalmius and Kalchyk (East Azov). It is composed of leucocratic granites in the central part, and on the periphery — granites enriched with dark-colored minerals that turn into migmatites. Granites of the Anadolian massif together with other autochthonous and paraautochthonous essentially difeldspar (spar-predominant) subalkaline amphibole-biotite migmatites, biotite and biotite-muscovite medium- and coarse-grained porphyry-like granites and leucogranites, usually monazite-bearing, are separated in the Anadolian complex. The granites of the complex are spread over almost the entire territory of the Priazov megablock, where they form subconforming vein bodies among the gneisses and crystalline schists of the Central Priazov series, or form the vein material of migmatites developed on metamorphic rocks of the same series. Granites of the Anadolian massif, which are common in the quarry of Myrny, contain accessory zircon, the crystals of which have a complex structure due to the presence of heterogeneous relic cores of substrate rocks on which relatively thin shells of synpetrogenic zircon grow. According to the results of dating of multi-grain samples of monazite by the uranium-lead isotope method, the granites of the Anadolian massif were formed 2047.9±2.2 million years ago.
Сучасні технології 3D-друку, мікрохвильової обробки та іскро-плазмового спікання для виготовлення виробів із композиційних матеріалів на основі тугоплавких сполук
Authors: Згалат-Лозинський Остап Броніславович
Published: May 2024

У доповіді наведено найважливіші результати фундаментальних та прикладних досліджень, проведених в Інституті проблем матеріалознавства ім. І.М. Францевича НАН України з розроблення сучасних технологій синтезу та консолідації композиційних матеріалів на основі тугоплавких сполук для виготовлення виробів, що експлуатуються в умовах екстремальних температур, навантажень та агресивних середовищ, а також створення новітніх матеріалів для 3D-друку за технологіями робокастингу та FDM. Представлено новітні розробки в галузі переробної промисловості, які передбачають впровадження екологічно чистих та енергоощадних технологій обробки руди, що має особливе значення для підвищення конкурентоспроможності експортно орієнтованих галузей економіки України у післявоєнний час.
Мовна політика в Україні (перша чверть ХХІ ст.)
Authors: Ажнюк Богдан Миколайович
Published: May 2024

Доповідь присвячено найважливішим подіям у мовному законодавстві й мовній політиці в Україні та участі Інституту мовознавства ім. О.О. Потебні НАН України в їх науковому супроводі. Принцип офіційної одномовності, що є основою національного мовного законодавства, найбільшою мірою відповідає завданню розширення сфери функціонування державної мови, захисту мовних прав її носіїв та консолідації українського народу перед лицем російської агресії.
The phenomenon of military experts in media: personalities, functions, requirements, expectations
Authors: Butyrina Mariya , Тemchenko Lilia
Published: May 2024

This article investigates the most problematic aspect of mediatized war, primarily identified in the discourse of modern media. Military experts adapt both combat realities and the context of international politics for public perception through Anthony's model (from strategic to operational levels). The study problematizes the formation of a new media institution performing informational, analytical, interpretative, prognostic, and psychotherapeutic functions but not meeting normative institutional requirements. The polyphony of expert opinions in media forms a pragmatically multi-layered media discourse resonating widely in Ukrainian society. Critical perspectives highlight issues regarding the quality of military expertise, including communicator background, sufficiency of knowledge, adherence to media standards, message relevance, and communication effects. The research identifies problematic points through focus group interviews with media communication professionals and researchers across Ukraine. It also presents content monitoring results of expert military media discourse, summarizing respondents' evaluative judgments on personalities, selection criteria, expectations, and demands for top military media experts. It is demonstrated that the positioning of key communicators as experts is subordinated to media logic: high media presence enhances status and demand in the media field.
Peripheral inflammatory hyperalgesia is exacerbated in rats with metabolic disorders induced by a fructose diet
Authors: Orlandi Lidiane , Oliveira Merelym K , Vitor-Vieira Fernando , Vilela Fabiana C. , Giusti-Paiva Alexandre
Published: May 2024

This study explored the effects of fructose-induced obesity and metabolic disorders on peripheral inflammatory hyperalgesia, employing quantitative sensory testing with the von Frey test and measuring paw edema to assess inflammatory responses. Wistar rats were administered water or 10% fructose solution ad libitum over a period of 5 weeks. After intraplantar administration of inflammatory agents such as carrageenan (1 mg/paw), lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 µg/paw), or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 100 ng/paw), we conducted mechanical hyperalgesia tests and paw edema evaluations. The fructose diet resulted in dyslipidemia, elevated insulin and leptin plasma levels, insulin resistance, and increased epididymal and retroperitoneal adiposity compared to control animals. In response to inflammatory agents, the fructose group displayed significantly enhanced peripheral hyperalgesia and more pronounced paw edema. Our results demonstrate that fructose not only contributes to the development of obesity and metabolic disorder but also exacerbates peripheral inflammatory pain responses by enhancing prostaglandin sensitivity.
Matthew Cunningham, Marinus La Rooij and Paul Spoonley (eds), Histories of Hate: The Radical Right in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Persian Jayne
Published: May 2024

Matthew Cunningham, Marinus La Rooij and Paul Spoonley (eds), Histories of Hate: The Radical Right in Aotearoa New Zealand. Dunedin: Otago University Press, 2022, pp. 443, $50, ISBN 978-1-99-004840-1 (pbk).
Church Warden in the Period after the Parish Reform (1961–1988). Touches to a Social Portrait
Authors: Andrei Pecherin
Published: May 2024

The article examines a change in the sociocultural characteristics of the institution of church wardens in the Urals during the Soviet period. The origins of the institution of church wardens and the range of their responsibilities are considered. A number of documents regulating their participation in the life of the parish are described. The resolutions of the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church of 1917–1918, which shaped church practices, and the trends that formed the basis of the new parish structure are analyzed. The influence on church wardens and their position in the parish of the Resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR “On Religious Associations” (1929) and other contemporary normative acts is explored. It is noted that the persecution of the Church in the thirties of the twentieth century reduced the group of church wardens to a historical minimum, but at the same time, the Great Terror of 1937–1938 in the Urals did not affect the wardens to the same extent as the clergy. Particular attention is paid to the change in the role of church wardens in the parish as a result of the parish reform of 1961, when the rector was actually removed from the management of the parish and the church warden took his place. Based on the analysis of conflict situations in parishes from the records of the regional Commissioner for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church, a conclusion is made about the gradual secularization of the group under study, as well as a decrease in the moral qualities of its individual representatives. It is noted that as a result of the adoption of the Parish Charter of 1961, the final formation of a new type of wardens took place in the parishes. The latter ceased to depend on the priest in their activities, in fact being controlled only by secular legislation on cults and representatives of the Soviet government. The number of genuine church activists among them decreased thanks to the actions of the authorities, and they were replaced by people who were not distinguished by “religious fanaticism”. One of the characteristic features of church wardens was “secularization” characterized by a lack of religious consciousness. The adoption in 1988 of a new Charter on the governance of the Russian Orthodox Church contributed to the beginning of overcoming such negative trends.
Reformasi Marwah MK Melalui Pengembalian Pengawas Eksternal Hakim Konstitusi
Authors: Sholikah Luluk Imro’atus , Nabela Setyawati  , Firahayu Lutfi
Published: May 2024

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menelaah reformasi marwah Mahkamah Konstitusi melalui pengembalian pengawas eksternal hakim konstitusi. Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai lembaga negara yang dijadikan pilar oleh masyarakat sebagai media untuk menyelesaikan sengketa ketatanegaraan serta sebagai penjaga supremasi konstitusi, secara otomatis memiliki marwah yang luar biasa. Dengan eksistensi marwah luar biasa yang dimilikinya, akan membuat masyarakat segan dan percaya terhadap segala tindakan yang dilakukan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi. Namun, keberadaan marwah Mahkamah Konstitusi mengalami kemerosotan atau kepudaran dalam beberapa tahun ke belakang. Hal tersebut dikarenakan sejumlah faktor, salah satunya yaitu akibat putusan kontroversial yang dikeluarkan oleh hakim konstitusi.  Baru-baru ini Mahkamah Konstitusi menjalankan kewenangan yang dimilikinya, dengan melakukan judicial review terkait batas usia capres dan cawapres. Di mana dalam menanggapi permohonan tersebut, hakim konstitusi dianggap inkonsistensi dalam memberikan putusannya dan berakibat pada munculnya berbagai polemik. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan upaya pemulihan marwah Mahkamah Konstitusi dengan mengembalikan wewenang Komisi Yudisial sebagai lembaga pengawas eksternal hakim konstitusi.
Clowning around Brazil: an overview of the teaching of Brazilian clowns
Authors: Braccialli Felipe , Bortoleto Marco Antonio Coelho
Published: May 2024

Abstract Rooted in modern culture and strongly linked to the circus, the art of the clown and of clowning reveals itself as a fruitful space for the reflection on artistic training. This article aims to provide a critical look at the processes that trainers of clowns had received in their artistic training. From the data resulting from an online questionnaire carried out in 2019 and disseminated on social networks, we found 110 professionals in the teaching of clowning spread across the five regions of Brazil. By analyzing the obtained responses, we can have a first understanding of the various processes of clown formation currently taking place in the country. A critical look at what has been and is being done allows improving what can be done in the future.
Can the Teacher Act? Agency in Language Teacher Education
Authors: Landim Denise Silva Paes
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: Based on the assumption that agency is a discursive practice and one basic premise of an education aimed at developing critical, participative and transformative agents to live in a society under constant changes associated with globalization and neoliberalism, the main objective of this paper, which results from my PhD research (Landim, 2020), was to investigate if agency development implies a critically oriented English Language Teaching (ELT) in global times. To address such objective, the research was conducted with a group of teachers and student teachers participating in the English Language Teaching (ELT) practicum of a public university located in the north of Brazil. The study followed qualitative research methodological paths of ethnographic nature, within the field of critical applied linguistics, using concepts borrowed from decolonial theories, new literacies studies and crEitical literacies and other fields, especially sociology and philosophy of education. The main results indicate that agency concepts developed by the participants ranged from neoliberal traditions in education to decolonial/critical perspectives.
Percepções e emoções de alunos do Proeja no processo de aprendizagem de inglês
Authors: Souza Manuela da Silva Alencar de
Published: May 2024

RESUMO: O presente artigo representa parte de pesquisa desenvolvida em um Instituto Federal no Sul do Brasil, com estudantes do Programa Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na Modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (Proeja). Buscou-se observar quais emoções estão presentes em sala de aula de inglês do Proeja, como elas se revelam e como o curso pode contribuir para o processo de aprendizagem. Para isso, a Teoria Sociocultural, bem como as variáveis afetivas e a motivação voltadas ao ensino-aprendizagem de línguas embasam este estudo. Resultados mostram que a insegurança, a timidez e a ansiedade são emoções negativas que podem aparecer conjuntamente, acarretando o silêncio do aluno e desfavorecendo a aprendizagem. Por outro lado, há indícios de que o aprendiz poderá se envolver em outras oportunidades de aprendizagem mesmo após experimentar uma emoção negativa.
Ultrasonographic analysis of the hyoid bone distance in individuals with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia
Authors: Bragato Simone Galli Rocha , Silva Roberta Gonçalves da , Berti Larissa Cristina
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT To compare the ultrasound measurement of distance from the approximation of the hyoid bone during of the maximum deglutition peak between healthy individuals and neurogenic dysphagic individuals and to verify the effect of food consistencies on the displacement of the hyoid bone. Prospective, controlled clinical study. Ultrasound recordings of the oropharyngeal deglutition were conducted in 10 adults diagnosed with oropharyngeal dysphagia and in 10 healthy adults, matched by sex and age group. A portable ultrasound model Micro ultrasound system with a microconvex transducer 5-10 MHz, coupled to a computer as well as the head stabilizer were used. The ultrasound images were recorded using the AAA software (Articulate Assistant Advanced) at a rate of 120 frames/second. Food consistencies level 0 (free volume and 5 mL) and level 4 (5 mL) were used, based on the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDSSI). The calculation of the mean and standard deviation was used for the descriptive analysis, while the repeated measures ANOVA test was used for the inferential analysis. Results showed dysphagic individuals had lower elevation of the hyoid bone marked by a longer distance from the approximation of the hyoid bone during of the maximum deglutition peak when compared to healthy individuals, regardless of the food consistency offered. It was concluded that the ultrasound measurement of distance from the approximation of the hyoid bone during of the maximum deglutition peak showed less laryngeal elevation in individuals with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia when compared to healthy individuals for all food consistencies offered.
Análise ultrassonográfica da distância do osso hioide em indivíduos com disfagia orofaríngea neurogênica
Authors: Bragato Simone Galli Rocha , Silva Roberta Gonçalves da , Berti Larissa Cristina
Published: May 2024

RESUMO Comparar a medida ultrassonográfica de distância da aproximação do osso hioide no momento do pico máximo da deglutição entre indivíduos saudáveis e disfágicos neurogênicos e verificar o efeito das consistências do alimento no deslocamento do osso hioide. Estudo clínico prospectivo controlado. Foram realizadas avaliações ultrassonográficas da deglutição orofaríngea em 10 adultos com diagnóstico de disfagia orofaríngea e 10 adultos saudáveis, pareados por sexo e faixa etária. Para tanto, foi utilizado ultrassom portátil com transdutor microconvex 5-10 MHz, além de estabilizador de cabeça. As imagens ultrassonográficas foram gravadas pelo software Articulate Assistant Advanced a uma taxa de 120 quadros/segundo. Foram utilizadas as consistências de alimentos nível 0 (volume livre e 5 mL) e nível 4 (5 mL), conforme as recomendações do International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative. A distância foi mensurada no momento do pico máximo da deglutição entre a parte inferior do osso hioide e a inserção do músculo milo-hioideo. Cálculos de média e o desvio padrão foram utilizados na análise descritiva, enquanto o teste ANOVA de medidas repetidas foi aplicado na análise inferencial.Resultados evidenciaram que indivíduos disfágicos apresentaram menor elevação do osso hioide, marcada por maior distância da aproximação do osso hioide no momento do pico máximo da deglutição quando comparados aos indivíduos saudáveis, independentemente da consistência alimentar ofertada. Concluiu-se que a medida ultrassonográfica de distância da aproximação do osso hioide no momento do pico máximo da deglutição mostrou menor elevação laríngea em indivíduos com disfagia orofaríngea neurogênica quando comparados aos indivíduos saudáveis para todas as consistências alimentares ofertadas.
The word-with-noise test: development, validation and reference values
Authors: Costa Lidiéli Dalla , Vaucher Ana Valéria de Almeida , Pagliarin Karina Carlesso , Costa Maristela Julio
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Purpose To propose an instrument for assessing speech recognition in the presence of competing noise. To define its application strategy for use in clinical practice. To obtain evidence of criterion validity and present reference values. Methods The study was conducted in three stages: Organization of the material comprising the Word-with-Noise Test (Stage 1); Definition of the instrument's application strategy (Stage 2); Investigation of criterion validity and definition of reference values for the test (Stage 3) through the evaluation of 50 normal-hearing adult subjects and 12 subjects with hearing loss. Results The Word-with-Noise Test consists of lists of monosyllabic and disyllabic words and speech spectrum noise (Stage 1). The application strategy for the test was defined as the determination of the Speech Recognition Threshold with a fixed noise level at 55 dBHL (Stage 2). Regarding criterion validity, the instrument demonstrated adequate ability to distinguish between normal-hearing subjects and subjects with hearing loss (Stage 3). Reference values for the test were established as cut-off points expressed in terms of signal-to-noise ratio: 1.47 dB for the monosyllabic stimulus and -2.02 dB for the disyllabic stimulus. Conclusion: The Word-with-Noise Test proved to be quick to administer and interpret, making it a useful tool in audiological clinical practice. Furthermore, it showed satisfactory evidence of criterion validity, with established reference values.
Validade baseada nos processos de respostas - Protocolo MMBGR Lactentes e Pré-escolares: Instrutivo e História Clínica Miofuncional Orofacial
Authors: Santos Alexia Stéfanny Menezes da Conceição dos , Goes Yasmim Dourado , Assis Herick Santos , Alves Maria Vanessa Martins , Melo Amanda Tafnes Soares de , Barbora Geovania Dias , Barreto Íkaro Daniel de Carvalho , Jesus Elisdete Maria Santos de , Berretin-Felix Giédre , Medeiros Andréa Monteiro Correia
Published: May 2024

RESUMO Objetivo Apresentar a etapa da evidência de validade baseada nos processos de respostas do Protocolo MMBGR Lactentes e Pré-escolares: Instrutivo e História Clínica Miofuncional Orofacial. Método Estudo desenvolvido conforme recomendações para validação de testes em Fonoaudiologia. Realizada análise da validade baseada nos processos de resposta do instrumento. Participaram dez fonoaudiólogos, que atuam em clínica e/ou pesquisa da Motricidade Orofacial com população entre 6 e 71 meses de idade, que aplicaram o Protocolo MMBGR Lactentes e Pré-escolares: Instrutivo e História Clínica Miofuncional Orofacial junto aos responsáveis pelas crianças. Os fonoaudiólogos emitiram apreciação sobre aplicabilidade do instrumento via formulário eletrônico do Google®, contendo questões dicóticas e/ou múltipla escolha, e escala likert com espaço para justificar respostas negativas. Os dados foram tabulados em planilhas Microsoft Excel 2016® e analisados pelo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC). Utilizado software R Core Team 2022 (Versão 4.2.2). Resultados Todos os itens do Protocolo MMBGR Lactentes e Pré-escolares: Instrutivo e História Clínica Miofuncional Orofacial foram válidos na aplicação em contexto real. Protocolo de História Clínica Miofuncional Orofacial - IVC 100% quanto à facilidade de aplicação e preenchimento, e uso na prática profissional; e IVC 90% quanto à utilidade para clínica fonoaudiológica. O Instrutivo obteve IVC 80% quanto à utilidade e 70% referente à necessidade de leitura prévia para preenchimento do Protocolo MMBGR Lactentes e Pré-escolares. Conclusão O Instrutivo e o Protocolo História Clínica Miofuncional Orofacial, pertencentes ao protocolo MMBGR – Lactentes e Pré-escolares tiveram comprovada validade baseada nos processos de resposta, para uso na clínica fonoaudiológica.
Caracterização de parâmetros para análise de medidas objetivas da sucção não-nutritiva de recém-nascidos
Authors: Sales Bárbara Generoso Santos de Matos , Furlan Renata Maria Moreira Moraes , Ramos Camila Alexandra Vilaça , Fracaroli Narciso Sena , Casas Estevam Barbosa de Las , Motta Andréa Rodrigues
Published: May 2024

RESUMO Objetivo Propor uma metodologia de análise dos dados gerados por um instrumento de medição da pressão de sucção não-nutritiva do recém-nascido. Método Estudo observacional analítico, transversal com dados de 24 recém-nascidos a termo sem comprometimentos. Após a avaliação clínica foram analisadas três coletas de cada neonato empregando-se o referido instrumento, com duração de 2 minutos e intervalo de 2 minutos entre elas. Os parâmetros definidos foram extraídos por meio de um programa desenvolvido em Matlab®. Os resultados foram obtidos pela análise e comparação de 12 variáveis ao nível de confiança de 5%. Foi realizada ainda comparação das análises manual e computadorizada por meio do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse. Resultados A comparação múltipla entre os três momentos de coleta, mostrou que as diferenças estatísticas significantes ocorreram entre as coletas um e dois e dois e três. Ao se analisar e comparar cada variável separadamente, notou-se que a segunda coleta apresentou: maior número de grupos de sucção, maior número de sucções, menor tempo para iniciar os grupos de sucção, maior tempo de grupos de sucção, menor número de sucções esporádicas, valores de pressão média maiores e com menor desvio padrão, maior número de pausas com tempo de pausas menor. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse revelou concordância quase perfeita para os 12 parâmetros avaliados. Conclusão As 12 variáveis analisadas mostram-se relevantes, especialmente na segunda coleta. O programa em Matlab® mostrou-se viável e eficaz na extração e análise dos parâmetros, apresentando alta concordância quando comparado à avaliação manual.
Translation and cross cultural adaptation of the questionnaire “Quality of Alimentation” for brazilian portuguese
Authors: Lomachinsky Maria da Conceição Queiroz , Silva Suzana Lins da , Godoy Cynthia Meira de Almeida , Fernandes Júnior Flavio Augusto Martins
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Purpose We aimed to provide translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire “Quality of Alimentation” from English to Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The transcultural translation process consisted of the following steps: translation of the original English version to Portuguese by two bilingual translators native in the targeted language; Reverse translation by two translators native in the original language; Review of reverse translation; Review of the Portuguese version from the questionnaire by a local committee of experts in bariatric surgery; Pre-trial to evaluate of clarity, comprehension, and overall acceptability by the target population. Results In its final Portuguese version, the questionnaire “Quality of alimentation” was found to be of clear comprehension and easy applicability. Conclusion The questionnaire’s translation and cultural adaptation for Brazilian Portuguese represents an important step towards improving food tolerance evaluation following bariatric surgery. Further studies are however necessary for validation of its psychometric properties in Brazil.
Tradução e adaptação transcultural do questionário “Quality of Alimentation” para o português brasileiro
Authors: Lomachinsky Maria da Conceição Queiroz , Silva Suzana Lins da , Godoy Cynthia Meira de Almeida , Fernandes Júnior Flavio Augusto Martins
Published: May 2024

RESUMO Objetivo Traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente o questionário “Quality of Alimentation” do inglês para a língua portuguesa do Brasil. Método O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural do questionário “Quality of Alimentation” segue as seguintes etapas: tradução por dois tradutores bilíngues nativos do idioma alvo, síntese das versões e retradução por dois tradutores nativos do idioma de origem e, por fim, revisão da retradução para submissão a um comitê de juízes especialistas. Uma vez aprovado, o questionário seguiu para teste com usuários a fim de avaliar a clareza, compreensibilidade e aceitabilidade da versão traduzida. Resultados Na versão final em português brasileiro do questionário “Quality of Alimentation” o instrumento mostrou-se de claro entendimento e fácil aplicabilidade. Conclusão O questionário traduzido e adaptado para o português brasileiro, representa um passo significativo para melhora na avaliação da intolerância alimentar pós cirurgia bariátrica. Novos estudos são necessários para a validação das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento no Brasil.
Aplicaciones de perfiles sensoriales en adolescentes y adultos en el ámbito de salud: una revisión narrativa de la literatura
Authors: Goycolea Martinic Rodrigo Fernando , Sepúlveda Angulo Camila Betzabet , Silva Henríquez Camila Fernanda , Romero-Ayuso Dulce María
Published: May 2024

Resumen Introducción Conocer qué tipo de información sensorial se procesa y la reacción a los diferentes estímulos sensoriales es relevante para el abordaje de los trastornos psiquiátricos y del neurodesarrollo en adolescentes y adultos. Este estudio corresponde a una revisión de la literatura sobre las diferentes aplicaciones de tres de los instrumentos más utilizados que evalúan la modulación sensorial desde la adolescencia. Objetivos Identificar y sintetizar la información disponible sobre las aplicaciones del perfil sensorial para adolescentes y adultos y el cuestionario del procesamiento sensorial. Método Revisión narrativa de la literatura, donde se realizó una prueba de sensibilidad para definir palabras clave y fuentes de datos. Las investigaciones se realizaron en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS y la Revista Chilena de Terapia Ocupacional, desde el año 2002 a enero del año 2023. Resultados Se analizaron 64 artículos en total donde los hallazgos fueron que el uso del instrumento del perfil sensorial para adolescentes y adultos se utiliza en más de 20 patologías y también en población sana. Los dos cuestionarios de procesamiento sensorial está en la etapa inicial de aplicación y validación del instrumento en varios países. Conclusión Esta es la primera revisión narrativa de la literatura que se realiza sobre los tres instrumentos de evaluación del procesamiento sensorial disponibles para adolescentes y adultos. Estos tres instrumentos clínicos son complementarios y proporcionan información relevante al clínico para el diagnóstico del procesamiento sensorial y la orientación de la intervención de terapia ocupacional.
Spatial variation, more than ontogenetic, explains the diet of Bryconamericus exodon in two Pantanal rivers
Authors: Sena Karoline Aparecida de , Súarez Yzel Rondon
Published: May 2024

Abstract Aim Studies of natural variations in fish diet allow, in turn, a better understanding of environmental changes along the hydrological cycle that can affect resources and, hence, biodiversity conservation. With this in mind, the present study aimed to understand how spatial and ontogenetic aspects (using Standard Length as proxy) define dietary composition, trophic position and trophic niche breadth for a small characid (Bryconamericus exodon) in streams located in two rivers of the Brazilian Pantanal. We also assessed whether spatial differences influence the structuring of trophic networks. Methods Fish were sampled monthly in the rainy season (October/2017 to March/2018) in four tributaries of the Negro and Apa Rivers, using different sampling methods. In the laboratory, fish were measured and weighed, followed by excision of stomach for posterior analysis. Results We analyzed 211 individuals, 126 from the Apa River (Standard lengthmin= 11.28mm; Standard lengthmax= 43.53mm) and 85 from the Negro River (Standard lengthmin= 13.26mm; Standard lengthmax= 40.05mm), that consumed mainly aquatic insects (Alimentary indexTotal= 87.97%), followed by terrestrial insects (Alimentary indexTotal= 9.02%). Dietary composition was mainly influenced by spatial variation (Pseudo-F1,194=12.21; p<0.001), followed by ontogenetic variation (Pseudo-F1,190=7.23; p<0.001), however, for trophic niche breadth, we did detect a higher importance of spatial variation (t=4.71; p<0.001) and an absence of ontogenetic variation (t=1.24; p=0.213). No spatial variation was detected for complementary specialization (p=0.998); only connectance showed a significant variation (p=0.047) with higher mean values in the Negro River (C= 0.27 ± 0.016) when compared to those of populations in the Apa River (C=0.22 ± 0.019). In addition, trophic position was not influenced by spatial (t= -1.77; p=0.077) or ontogenetic (t=0.69; p=0.494) variations. Conclusions B. exodon is considered an insectivorous species whose dietary composition can be explained more by spatial than ontogenetic variation.
Curated and Asymmetric Exposure: A Case Study of Partisan Talk during COVID on Twitter
Authors: An Zijian , Breuhaus Jessica , Niu Jason , Sariyuce A. Erdem , Joseph Kenneth
Published: May 2024

Social media has been at the center of discussions about political polarization in the United States. However, scholars are actively debating both the scale of political polarization online, and how important online polarization is to the offline world. One question at the center of this debate is what interactions across parties look like online, and in particular 1) whether increasing the number of such interactions is likely to increase or reduce polarization, and 2) what technological affordances may make it more likely that these cross-party interactions benefit, rather than detract from, existing political challenges. The present work aims to provide insights into the latter; that is, we focus on providing a better understanding of how a set of 400,000 partisan users on a particular social media platform, Twitter, used the platform's affordances to interact within and across parties in a large dataset of tweets about COVID in 2021. Our findings suggest that Republican use of cross-party interaction were both more potent and potentially more strategic during COVID, that cross-party interaction was driven heavily by a small set of users and conversations, and that there exist non-obvious indirect pathways to cross-party exposure when different modes of interaction are chained together (especially retweets of quotes). These findings have implications beyond Twitter, we believe, in understanding how affordances of platforms can help to shape partisan exposure and interaction.
InstaSynth: Opportunities and Challenges in Generating Synthetic Instagram Data with ChatGPT for Sponsored Content Detection
Authors: Bertaglia Thales , Heisig Lily , Kaushal Rishabh , Iamnitchi Adriana
Published: May 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs) raise concerns about lowering the cost of generating texts that could be used for unethical or illegal purposes, especially on social media. This paper investigates the promise of such models to help enforce legal requirements related to the disclosure of sponsored content online. We investigate the use of LLMs for generating synthetic Instagram captions with two objectives: The first objective (fidelity) is to produce realistic synthetic datasets. For this, we implement content-level and network-level metrics to assess whether synthetic captions are realistic. The second objective (utility) is to create synthetic data useful for sponsored content detection. For this, we evaluate the effectiveness of the generated synthetic data for training classifiers to identify undisclosed advertisements on Instagram. Our investigations show that the objectives of fidelity and utility may conflict and that prompt engineering is a useful but insufficient strategy. Additionally, we find that while individual synthetic posts may appear realistic, collectively they lack diversity, topic connectivity, and realistic user interaction patterns.
Reliability Analysis of Psychological Concept Extraction and Classification in User-Penned Text
Authors: Garg Muskan , Sathvik MSVPJ , Raza Shaina , Chadha Amrit , Sohn Sunghwan
Published: May 2024

The social NLP research community witness a recent surge in the computational advancements of mental health analysis to build responsible AI models for a complex interplay between language use and self-perception. Such responsible AI models aid in quantifying the psychological concepts from user-penned texts on social media. On thinking beyond the low-level (classification) task, we advance the existing binary classification dataset, towards a higher-level task of reliability analysis through the lens of explanations, posing it as one of the safety measures. We annotate the LoST dataset to capture nuanced textual cues that suggest the presence of low self-esteem in the posts of Reddit users. We further state that the NLP models developed for determining the presence of low self-esteem, focus more on three types of textual cues: (i) Trigger: words that triggers mental disturbance, (ii) LoST indicators: text indicators emphasizing low self-esteem, and (iii) Consequences: words describing the consequences of mental disturbance. We implement existing classifiers to examine the attention mechanism in pre-trained language models (PLMs) for a domain-specific psychology-grounded task. Our findings suggest the need of shifting the focus of PLMs from Trigger and Consequences to a more comprehensive explanation, emphasizing LoST indicators while determining low self-esteem in Reddit posts.
HINENI: Human Identity across the Nations of the Earth Ngram Investigator
Authors: Handzlik Dakota , Jones Jason Jeffrey , Skiena Steven S.
Published: May 2024

Self-reported biographical strings on social media profiles provide a powerful tool to study self-identity. We present HINENI, a dataset of 420 million Twitter user profiles collected over a 12 year period, partitioned into 32 distinct national cohorts, which we believe is the largest publicly available data resource for identity research. We report on the major design decisions underlying HINENI, including a new notion of sampling (k-persistence) which spans the divide between traditional cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches. We demonstrate the power of HINENI to study the relative survival rate (half-life) of different tokens, and the use of emoji analysis across national cohorts to study the effects of gender, national, and sports identities.
Which Came First, Price or Activity? A Vicious Circle of a Blockchain-Based Social Media in the Bear Market (Extended Abstract)
Authors: Jeong Jingyu , Jeong Seungwon (Eugene) , Seo Michael
Published: May 2024

This paper explores the relationship between the user activity on Steemit---the most widely used blockchain-based social media---and the price of STEEM---the cryptocurrency that can be earned from the activity on Steemit. Users can get STEEM by writing posts or upvoting ("liking") posts on Steemit. One may expect that activities on Steemit may affect the STEEM price, or conversely, the STEEM price may affect the user activity. We measure the Steemit activity by DAU (Daily Active Users) which is calculated as the number of unique users who write posts or comments on Steemit each day. We conduct the VAR (vector autoregressive) model analysis and the bidirectional Granger causality test on the STEEM price and the Steemit DAU for three different time regimes: full, bull-market, and bear-market regimes. We show that in all regimes, the STEEM price Granger causes the Steemit DAU. Conversely, the Steemit DAU does not Granger cause the STEEM price in both the full and bull-market regimes. In contrast, in the bear-market regime, the Steemit DAU Granger causes the STEEM price. That is, the STEEM price and the Steemit DAU Granger cause each other in the bear market, which can be seen as a vicious circle. We also show that the same results hold with the Hive blockchain, which is a fork of the Steem blockchain.
Exploring Platform Migration Patterns between Twitter and Mastodon: A User Behavior Study
Authors: Jeong Ujun , Sheth Paras , Tahir Anique , Alatawi Faisal , Bernard H. Russell , Liu Huan
Published: May 2024

A recent surge of users migrating from Twitter to alternative platforms, such as Mastodon, raised questions regarding what migration patterns are, how different platforms impact user behaviors, and how migrated users settle in the migration process. In this study, we elaborate on how we investigate these questions by collecting data over 10,000 users who migrated from Twitter to Mastodon within the first ten weeks following the ownership change of Twitter. Our research is structured in three primary steps. First, we develop algorithms to extract and analyze migration patterns. Second, by leveraging behavioral analysis, we examine the distinct architectures of Twitter and Mastodon to learn how user behaviors correspond with the characteristics of each platform. Last, we determine how particular behavioral factors influence users to stay on Mastodon. We share our findings of user migration, insights, and lessons learned from the user behavior study.
The Strange Case of Jekyll and Hyde: Analysis of R/ToastMe and R/RoastMe Users on Reddit
Authors: Jung Wooyong , Asati Nishant , Doan Phuong (Lucy) , Le Thai , Xiong Aiping , Lee Dongwon
Published: May 2024

This study, focusing on two Reddit subcommunities of r/ToastMe and r/RoastMe, aims to (1) characterize and understand users (named Jekyll and Hyde) who simultaneously participate in two subreddits with opposing tones and purposes, (2) build predictive models detecting those Jekyll and Hyde users to assess how unique and idiosyncratic their characteristics are, and (3) investigate their motivations of participation and potential interaction between the two contrasting activities through a survey and one-on-one interviews. Our results reveal that the Jekyll and Hyde users are generally more active and popular than ordinary users. Also, they use assimilated language customized to each community’s tone. Combining these findings with their motivations unveiled through the survey and interviews, we conclude that the Jekyll and Hyde users are digitally culture-savvy, who know how to utilize online community benefits and enjoy each community’s culture by assimilating themselves into the community and observing its rules. Moreover, the users’ duality observed in this process underscores the dynamic and multifaceted nature of online personas. These findings highlight the need for a nuanced approach to understanding online behaviors and provide insights for designing healthier online environments, emphasizing the importance of clear community norms and the potential interplay of users’ activities across different communities.
Measuring Causal Effects of Civil Communication without Randomization
Authors: Liu Tony , Ungar Lyle , Kording Konrad , McGuire Morgan
Published: May 2024

Understanding the causal effects of civility is critical when analyzing online social communication, yet measuring causality is difficult. A/B tests and other randomized experiments are the gold standard for establishing causal effects but they are inapplicable in this setting due to 1) the inability to control civility levels in an experiment, and more importantly, 2) ethical constraints on intentionally randomizing civility levels. We develop a novel quasi-experimental approach to quantify the causal effect of civility in online communities on the Roblox social 3D platform without requiring explicit randomization. This method uses residual stochasticity in the "matchmaking" assignment of users to servers as a quasi-randomization mechanism in observational historical data. We find that assigning a user to a server with higher levels of civil communication could increase engagement time by as much as 1.5% in particular experiences. Given the 4.8B person hours spent monthly on the platform, this implies a potential increase of over 8,000 person years of social interaction every month. Furthermore, this effect is mis-estimated by non-causal methods. Quasi-experimental approaches promise new avenues for measuring the causal impact of user behavior in online communities without adversely affecting users through randomized experiments.
Measuring Moral Dimensions in Social Media with Mformer
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Dung , Chen Ziyu , Carroll Nicholas George , Tran Alasdair , Klein Colin , Xie Lexing
Published: May 2024

The ever-growing textual records of contemporary social issues, often discussed online with moral rhetoric, present both an opportunity and a challenge for studying how moral concerns are debated in real life. Moral foundations theory is a taxonomy of intuitions widely used in data-driven analyses of online content, but current computational tools to detect moral foundations suffer from the incompleteness and fragility of their lexicons and from poor generalization across data domains. In this paper, we fine-tune a large language model to measure moral foundations in text based on datasets covering news media and long- and short-form online discussions. The resulting model, called Mformer, outperforms existing approaches on the same domains by 4–12% in AUC and further generalizes well to four commonly used moral text datasets, improving by up to 17% in AUC. We present case studies using Mformer to analyze everyday moral dilemmas on Reddit and controversies on Twitter, showing that moral foundations can meaningfully describe people’s stance on social issues and such variations are topic-dependent. Pretrained model and datasets are released publicly. We posit that Mformer will help the research community quantify moral dimensions for a range of tasks and data domains, and eventually contribute to the understanding of moral situations faced by humans and machines.
Stranger Danger! Cross-Community Interactions with Fringe Users Increase the Growth of Fringe Communities on Reddit
Authors: Russo Giuseppe , Horta Ribeiro Manoel , West Robert
Published: May 2024

Fringe communities promoting conspiracy theories and extremist ideologies have thrived on mainstream platforms, raising questions about the mechanisms driving their growth.
Here, we hypothesize and study a possible mechanism: new members may be recruited through fringe-interactions: the exchange of comments between members and non-members of fringe communities. We apply text-based causal inference techniques to study the impact of fringe-interactions on the growth of three prominent fringe communities on Reddit: r/Incel, r/GenderCritical, and r/The Donald. Our results indicate that fringe-interactions attract new members to fringe communities. Users who receive these interactions are up to 4.2 percentage points (pp) more likely to join fringe communities than similar, matched users who do not.This effect is influenced by 1) the characteristics of communities where the interaction happens (e.g., left vs. right-leaning communities) and 2) the language used in the interactions. Interactions using toxic language have a 5pp higher chance of attracting newcomers to fringe communities than non-toxic interactions. We find no effect when repeating this analysis by replacing fringe (r/Incel, r/GenderCritical, and r/The Donald) with non-fringe communities (r/climatechange, r/NBA, r/leagueoflegends), suggesting this growth mechanism is specific to fringe commu-
nities. Overall, our findings suggest that curtailing fringe interactions may reduce the growth of fringe communities on mainstream platforms.
TUBERAIDER: Attributing Coordinated Hate Attacks on YouTube Videos to Their Source Communities
Authors: Saeed Mohammad Hammas , Papadamou Kostantinos , Blackburn Jeremy , De Cristofaro Emiliano , Stringhini Gianluca
Published: May 2024

Alas, coordinated hate attacks, or raids, are becoming increasingly common online. In a nutshell, these are perpetrated by a group of aggressors who organize and coordinate operations on a platform (e.g., 4chan) to target victims on another community (e.g., YouTube). In this paper, we focus on attributing raids to their source community, paving the way for moderation approaches that take the context (and potentially the motivation) of an attack into consideration.
We present TUBERAIDER, an attribution system achieving over 75% accuracy in detecting and attributing coordinated hate attacks on YouTube videos. We instantiate it using links to YouTube videos shared on 4chan's /pol/ board, r/The_Donald, and 16 Incels-related subreddits. We use a peak detector to identify a rise in the comment activity of a YouTube video, which signals that an attack may be occurring. We then train a machine learning classifier based on the community language (i.e., TF-IDF scores of relevant keywords) to perform the attribution. We test TUBERAIDER in the wild and present a few case studies of actual aggression attacks identified by it to showcase its effectiveness.
Making Online Communities ‘Better’: A Taxonomy of Community Values on Reddit
Authors: Weld Galen , Zhang Amy X. , Althoff Tim
Published: May 2024

Many researchers studying online communities seek to make them better. However, beyond a small set of widely-held values, such as combating misinformation and abuse, determining what `better’ means can be challenging, as community members may disagree, values may be in conflict, and different communities may have differing preferences as a whole.
In this work, we present the first study that elicits values directly from members across a diverse set of communities.
We survey 212 members of 627 unique subreddits and ask them to describe their values for their communities in their own words. Through iterative categorization of 1,481 responses, we develop and validate a comprehensive taxonomy of community values, consisting of 29 subcategories within nine top-level categories enabling principled, quantitative study of community values by researchers. Using our taxonomy, we reframe existing research problems, such as managing influxes of new members, as tensions between different values, and we identify understudied values, such as those regarding content quality and community size. We call for greater attention to vulnerable community members' values, and we make our codebook public for use in future research.
Analyzing Mentions of Death in COVID-19 Tweets
Authors: Adhikari Divya Mani , Imran Muhammad , Qazi Umair W. , Weber Ingmar
Published: May 2024

Many researchers have analyzed the potential of using tweets for epidemiology in general and for nowcasting COVID-19 trends in specific. Here, we focus on a subset of tweets that mention a personal, COVID-related death. We show that focusing on this set improves the correlation with official death statistics in six countries, while also picking up on mortality trends specific to different age groups and socio-economic groups. Furthermore, qualitative analysis reveals how politicized many of the mentioned deaths are. To help others reproduce and build on our work, we release a dataset of annotated tweets for academic research.