bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetohydrodynamic Effects on Double Diffusion of Non‐Newtonian Hybrid Nanofluid in Circular Eccentric Annuli
Authors: Supti Israt Jahan , Molla Md. Mamun , Nag Preetom , Siddiqa Sadia , Souai Souhail
Published: December 2024

The numerical investigation conducted in this study focuses on the heat and mass transfer in magnetohydrodynamic non‐Newtonian power‐law fluid flow of temperature‐dependent Al2O3–Fe3O4–water hybrid nanofluid within cylindrical annuli across four different eccentricities. This type of problem finds widespread application in various engineering contexts, where hybrid non‐Newtonian fluids offer enhanced efficiency for cooling and insulation purposes. In this configuration, the inner circle of the geometry is hot while the outer circle is cold, with the nanofluid filling the space between the cylinders. The governing equations are simulated using the Galerkin weighted residual finite element method. Various parameters are controlled in the study, including the Rayleigh number ranging from to , power‐law index ranging from to , nanoparticle volume fraction ranging from to , Hartmann number ranging from to , Buoyancy ratio ranging from to , and Lewis number ranging from to , in addition to the fixed Prandtl number (6.8377). The study presents visualizations such as streamlines, isotherms, and iso‐concentration contours, along with the assessment of heat and mass transfer rates expressed in terms of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. The findings reveal that the heat transfer rate increases with higher nanoparticle volume fraction, Rayleigh number, and Buoyancy ratio. Similarly, the mass transfer rate is enhanced with increased Rayleigh number, Lewis number, and power‐law index. Notably, elevating the power‐law index leads to a decrease of 50.1% in the local Nusselt number and 52.4% in the local Sherwood number, respectively. With and , increasing from to raises and .
Enhanced prediction of Cs removal by CST from Hanford tank waste with K accountability
Authors: Westesen Amy , Campbell Emily , Peterson Reid
Published: December 2024

The treatment of Hanford tank waste is one of the most challenging environmental cleanup activities to date. To expedite the processing of liquid waste stored in underground tanks in Washington State it is necessary to remove the significant dose contributor, 137Cs. Crystalline silicotitanate ion exchanger is currently used to remove 137Cs from the aqueous phase of Hanford tank wastes in preparation for vitrification at the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Improving the understanding of potassium impacts on ion exchange behavior of Cs will help in the operation of a critical component of one of the most complex treatment processes in the world today. Optimization of this process can result in significant cost savings and less waste production. Toward this effort, a series of batch contact tests varied in potassium concentration were conducted to look at the impact of potassium concentration on Cs distribution. Experimental distribution ratios (Kd) were compared to the distribution ratios predicted using the ZAM model. A significant underprediction of Cs capacity in the presence of potassium was seen with the existing model. A revision of the equilibrium constants was determined and provided a statistically better fit for determining the Cs Kd values in tank waste matrices.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Slippage Effect and Injection Capacity With Hydrophobic Nanoparticles Adsorption
Authors: Zhang Dong , Ye Yuze , Zhou Runnan , Ye Peng
Published: December 2024

With the continuous exploitation of global oil and gas resources, the focus of oilfield development has gradually shifted to low‐permeability and tight reservoirs. Nowadays the nanofluid has become one of the most important methods to enhance oil recovery in low‐permeability reservoir since the wettability and fluid flow characteristics can be changed as hydrophobic nanoparticles are adsorbed on the surface. In this study, we focus on the fluid slip characteristics feature of nanoparticles adsorbed with different adsorption degrees through molecular dynamics methods. Our results show that the adsorption of hydrophobic nanoparticles on the wall induces a velocity slip effect. The fluid flows in a Cassie state in the micro‐channel, with a significant increase in density, velocity, and slip length. In addition, the velocity in the mainstream area is significantly greater than that near the wall. The fluid flow rate within the pore channel is maximized and the most optimal adsorption degree is around 65.08%. Meanwhile, this study provides not only of great significance for the microscopic mechanism of pressure reduction and injection enhancement technology by nanoparticles adsorbed, but also an efficient method in enhance oil recovery in low‐permeability oil reservoirs.
Utilizing geospatial tools for the assessment of river bank erosion and migration patterns in complex braided and meandering river systems
Authors: Chyne Bajitborlang L. , Das Ranjit , Sarmah Ranadeep , Saha Asish , Sarma Kamini K. , Aggarwal Shiv P.
Published: December 2024

Bank erosion along the Brahmaputra has serious environmental and socio‐economic implications for the state of Assam, India. The lack of high‐resolution satellite images to map erosion and deposition is one of the primary drawbacks of previous studies. This study investigates river bank erosion, deposition and migration of river banks during 2016–2022 using high‐resolution Sentinel 2A/2B imagery. Multi‐temporal post‐monsoon images were analysed for three subperiods (2016–2018, 2018–2020 and 2020–2022) to automatically extract river banklines and morphodynamics using the normalized difference water index (NDWI) in Google Earth Engine (GEE). The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) was employed to calculate the bankline migration rate. The study shows that the left bank of the Brahmaputra river experienced higher erosion and migration as compared to the right bank. The subperiod 2018–2020 revealed severe bank erosion and migration, potentially associated with intense flood events in 2020. Zone‐wise analysis indicated that the left bank of Zone 1 experienced higher net erosion (8440 ha) and migration (−28.76 m/year). This may be attributed to scouring caused by the impact of flood water as it enters Assam with high erosive velocity. Similarly, Zone 3 of the right bank also experienced higher net erosion (7640 ha) and migration (−24.38 m/year). The accuracy assessment shows that there is almost a perfect agreement between the erosion/deposition and the reference data, with mean migrations within the confidence interval of 5% significance level. Given the above findings on erosion and bank migration, protective measures like agronomical and engineering measures should be implemented to protect the banks from getting eroded. This analysis provides valuable inputs for decision‐makers in formulating targeted strategies to address the challenges posed by river bank erosion in the Brahmaputra river.
The Scenario Quality Assessment Method: A New Technique for Verifying the Quality of Scenarios
Authors: Curnin Steven , Brooks Oliver , Brooks Benjamin
Published: December 2024

In a modern world faced by increasing uncertainty and crises, the importance of scenarios to inform the strategic decision‐making processes of governments and corporations has become paramount. This necessitates that those scenarios are rigorous and of high quality. A challenge is that research articulating how to classify and ensure the quality of a scenario is not prolific. This paper addresses this challenge by developing a framework of criteria for assessing scenario quality based on the futures and foresight literature and then using this to offer a new method for specifically assessing the quality of scenarios in the context of crisis management. The Scenario Quality Assessment Method infuses both the critical thinking and creativity required to develop quality scenarios. The method was empirically verified with scholars and practitioners in the industry to determine inter‐rater reliability before its intended use in the analysis of a data set for a scenario planning research project in the context of crisis management. This paper contributes theoretically to future and foresight research by including the concept of creativity when assessing the quality of scenarios and offers practitioners in crisis management an effective technique to assess the quality of their own scenarios.
Advances in Magmatic Ni–Cu–(PGE) Sulphide Deposits and Their Constraints on Neoproterozoic Tectonic Settings of China
Authors: Yu Huidong , Chen Haoran , Cao Huawen , Said Nuru , Huang Changcheng , Ma Zihan , Xiao Bin , Chen Haifeng , Zou Hao
Published: December 2024

Magmatic Ni–Cu–(PGE) sulphide deposits are the primary global sources of nickel, copper and platinum group elements (PGE). The study of these deposits is critical for mineral exploration and holds important economic implications. This paper reviews recent advances in understanding magmatic Ni–Cu–(PGE) sulphide deposits and their related magmatism. Findings reveal that these deposits have an uneven global distribution and a wide range of classifications. The Proterozoic era represents the main period of mineralisation, and the mineralisation setting is closely related to continental rifts, mantle plumes and collision orogenic belts. An ongoing debate exists between the ‘magma conduit’ and ‘deep‐multiple magma chamber segregation’ models, which differ in mineralisation location, magma intrusion mechanisms and the role of external sulphur addition. The primary mechanisms of sulphide segregation include rapid cooling, crystal differentiation and crustal contamination. Furthermore, this paper examines the spatial–temporal distribution and mineralisation dynamic settings of Neoproterozoic magmatic Ni–Cu–(PGE) sulphide deposits in China and their relationship to the convergence and breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. These Neoproterozoic deposits are located along the margins of the Yangtze, North China and Tarim blocks. They formed in five different stages, 1000–960, 900–850, 830–800, 760–740 and 650–620 Ma, corresponding to the following tectonic settings, respectively: (1) a back‐arc extensional setting before the convergence of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks; (2) a post‐orogenic extensional setting following the convergence between the Yangtze and North China blocks; (3) a rift setting related to the first Neoproterozoic mantle plume event (830–795 Ma) within the Yangtze Block or North China Block; (4) a rift setting related to the second Neoproterozoic mantle plume event (780–745 Ma) within the Tarim Block and (5) an intraplate rift setting within the Yangtze Block. The evolving mineralisation dynamic settings of these deposits indicate that their mineralisation is directly related to large‐scale mafic–ultramafic magmatism during the Neoproterozoic and the convergence and breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent.
Dancing in Tandem: The Role of HR Value Congruence and Line Manager‐HR Manager Collaboration in Effective HR Implementation
Authors: Zhang Zhengtang , Lee Hun Whee , Jiang Kaifeng , Chen Yuyao
Published: December 2024

Despite the increasing significance of partnerships between line managers and human resource managers in implementing HR practices, prior research has overlooked the potential interplay between these two groups in terms of collaboration and line managers' subsequent HR implementation behavior. By integrating insights from value congruence theory and social context theory, we formulated a model that examines how congruence or incongruence in HR values between line managers and HR managers influences line managers' HR implementation behaviors through their collaboration. We tested our hypotheses using multi‐source and multi‐wave data from 206 stores within a large retail chain organization (206 line managers, 206 HR managers, and 1227 employees). The polynomial regression results revealed that optimal collaboration and line managers' HR implementation behaviors occur when both parties agree on HR value, while disagreement negatively impacts these aspects. Moreover, we observed significant differences between the two levels of agreement (i.e., “high–high” congruence vs. “low–low” congruence). We further found that HR managers' political skill moderates the relationship between incongruence in HR value and collaboration levels. This research advances the understanding of HR implementation by emphasizing the importance of mutual agreement between line managers and HR managers and the role of HR managers' political skill.
Unveiling Student Suicides in the Post‐Pandemic Period: A Retrospective Analysis of Online News Portals in Bangladesh
Authors: Himel Mahfujur Rahman , Siyam Samira Akter , Tanni Jannatunnahar , Rafiquzzaman SK , Alam Md Jane , Hassan Md Bayzid , Uddin Md Jamal
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

The post‐COVID‐19 pandemic period has heightened concerns about student mental health and suicide risk in Bangladesh. While studies have explored these issues during the pandemic, post‐pandemic student suicides remain under‐researched. This study investigates the characteristics, methods, and triggering events associated with suicidal behaviors among students in Bangladesh during the post‐pandemic period (2022–2023).

Methods

Data were collected from 150 online newspaper portals in Bangladesh, covering student suicides from 2022 to 2023. Variables such as causes, methods, timing, location, sex, age, and education level were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, SPSS, and ArcGIS.

Results

A total of 984 student suicide cases were identified. Females accounted for 61% of the cases, while males represented 39%, indicating a higher vulnerability among female students. The majority of cases (72.5%) involved students aged 13–19 years, followed by those aged 20–25 years (18.4%). Secondary school students represented 44.9% of the cases, with 7.2% from madrasahs. Hanging was the most common method (79.7%). Major causes included emotional distress (28%), romantic relationship issues (19.5%), academic pressure (8.4%), family problems (8.1%), mental instability (7%), and sexual harassment (3.3%). The Dhaka division reported the highest rate (27.8%) of student suicides. Suicide rates were lowest in August 2022 (4.3%) but spiked in 2023 (12.6%).

Conclusion

This study highlights the significant rise in student suicides in Bangladesh after the pandemic, primarily driven by emotional distress, with females and the 13–19‐year age group being most vulnerable. These findings emphasize the urgent need for gender‐specific mental health interventions to address this growing issue.
Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies for Potential Outbreaks of Nipah Virus Infection: Evidenced by the Recent Incidences in Southeast Asian Countries
Authors: Rahman Md. Ashrafur , Shanjana Yeasna , Cronmiller Sydney , Zong Donovan , Davis Rob , Ernest Julianne , Nguyen Jonah , Rawa Amanda , Thomas Marie Roke , Islam Md. Rabiul
Published: December 2024

Background

The importance of studying Nipah virus (NiV) stems from its high fatality rates and potential for causing widespread outbreaks. Recent incidences in Southeast Asian countries highlight the urgent need for effective risk evaluation and mitigation strategies.

Justification

Studying NiV in Southeast Asia is crucial due to the geographic and epidemiological significance that makes this region predominantly susceptible to the virus.

Objectives

This study aims to identify the risk factors of NiV, evaluate current mitigation strategies, and suggest improvements against this virus.

Methods

This review incorporates articles from the PubMed database related to available NiV treatments, vaccines, mitigation strategies, transmission data, and mortality to comprise an extensive analysis of pertinent information.

Findings

NiV warrants international attention, due to the high mortality rate and the rising number of human‐to‐human transmission vectors. NiV is difficult to diagnose early on in the infection due to its generic symptoms, and the two strains of NiV (B and M), pose significant challenges to healthcare institutions. Vaccines, such as the VSV‐stored, virus‐like particle‐based, and mRNA‐based NiV show promising results in both animal and human studies. Synthetic medicines, like Ribavirin, and favipiravir showed promising results in NiV‐infected patients. Therapeutic infectious particles increased survival from 10% to roughly 70%–80% in animals. Phytochemicals, like serpentine and neoandrographolide are alternatives to NiV‐G ligands. Griffithsin, an algae derivative has also shown efficacy in treating NiV infections. Artificial intelligence determines the NiV infection with an accuracy of 88.3%.

Conclusions

The strategies to control NiV must be one of a One Health approach, incorporating environmental and social factors. Extensive research on vaccines that showed promising results in animals needs to be tested for humans on a large scale. The major mitigation strategy available is the public awareness during the outbreak about NiV transmission vectors, quarantine protocol, and food hygiene.
NMR‐based metabolomics combined with metabolic pathway analysis reveals metabolic heterogeneity of colorectal cancer tissue at different anatomical locations and stages
Authors: Cai Rongzhi , Ke LiXin , Zhao Yan , Zhao Jiayun , Zhang Huanian , Zheng Peie , Xin Lijing , Ma Changchun , Lin Yan
Published: December 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) still remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. This study aimed to profile the metabolic differences of colorectal cancer tissues (CCT) at different stages and sites, as compared with their distant noncancerous tissues (DNT), to investigate the temporal and spatial heterogeneities of metabolic characterization. Our NMR‐based metabolomics fingerprinting revealed that many of the metabolite levels were significantly altered in CCT compared to DNT and esophageal cancer tissues, indicating deregulations of glucose metabolism, one‐carbon metabolism, glutamine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, TCA cycle, choline metabolism, and so forth. A total of five biomarker metabolites, including glucose, glutamate, alanine, valine and histidine, were identified to distinguish between early and advanced stages of CCT. Metabolites that distinguish the different anatomical sites of CCT include glucose, glycerol, glutamine, inositol, succinate, and citrate. Those significant metabolic differences in CRC tissues at different pathological stages and sites suggested temporal and spatial heterogeneities of metabolic characterization in CCT, providing a metabolic foundation for further study on biofluid metabolism in CRC early detection.
Yield of endocervical curettage in detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher during colposcopy: A prospective, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jareemit Nida , Theerarojanapong Lalita , Laokulrath Natthawadee , Achariyapota Vuthinun , Khemworapong Khemanat , Kuljarasnont Sompop , Ittiamornlert Pornporm , Poonyakanok Vitcha , Inthasorn Perapong
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) via endocervical curettage (ECC) during colposcopy.

Methods

Between December 2020 and September 2023, a prospective, cross‐sectional study involving women with abnormal cervical cancer screening results who underwent colposcopy was conducted. ECC was performed via a Kevorkian endocervical curette following colposcopy‐directed biopsy. The exclusion criteria were glandular cytology abnormalities, pregnancy, post‐hysterectomy status, and cervical cancer.

Results

The study included 569 women, with a mean age of 41.6 ± 11.7 years. Among the participants, 78.9% presented with low‐grade cytology, whereas 21.1% presented with high‐grade cytology. All of the patients underwent ECC, with 0.4% (two patients) yielding inadequate samples. ECC detected CIN2+ lesions in 11.6% of the patients (95% confidence interval [CI], 9–14.3). Univariable analysis revealed that age, menopausal status, history of CIN2+, high‐grade cytology, and high‐grade colposcopy impression were significant factors for CIN2+ detection by ECC. Multivariable analysis confirmed high‐grade cytology as the sole independent factor (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 13.81 [95% CI, 4.60–41.42], P < 0.001). ECC added a diagnostic yield of 2.9% (95% CI, 1.5–4.3) for detecting CIN2+ lesions missed by colposcopy‐directed biopsy. Multivariable analysis demonstrated an independent association between human papillomavirus 16 (HPV‐16) infection and the additional diagnostic benefit of ECC, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 6.26 (95% CI, 1.49–26.23, P = 0.012).

Conclusion

This study highlights the critical role of ECC in detecting CIN2+ lesions, particularly in patients with high‐grade cytology or HPV‐16 positivity.
Experiences of childbirth care among mothers in Lithuania during COVID‐19
Authors: Širvinskienė Giedrė , Norė Aušra , Grincevičius Jonas , Grincevičienė Švitrigailė
Published: December 2024

The COVID‐19 pandemic affected healthcare practices, especially the provision of face‐to‐face services due to restrictions and social distance. The aim of the study was to analyze the experience of childbirth care among mothers in Lithuania during the pandemic. A qualitative design was adopted in the study. Research data were collected as part of the international Babies Born Better survey. Data of 200 women who gave birth in Lithuania (February–June 2020 during the COVID‐19 pandemic) was included. Participant responses to open‐ended questions regarding childbirth care experiences were analyzed using an inductive thematic framework. Four themes emerged: “Subjective experience of birth care service,” “COVID‐19 policies,” “Consideration of mother/baby needs,” and “Perception towards staff.” Emotional aspects of different care levels were highlighted in themes. Women expressed feelings of thankfulness for staff professionality and responding to their needs. However, perceived staff rudeness, lack of information and absence of an accompanied person negatively related to mothers’ perceptions of satisfaction. The results revealed mothers’ perceptions of strengths and challenges of the maternity care system in the country where the pandemic was managed with early vaccination, strict lockdown measures and social distancing—higher appreciation of service, regret for disturbed emotional aspects of communication, and lack of support from family members.
Comparison of two infiltration equations with three‐terms expansions consistent with the approach of Philip theory
Authors: Kargas George , Koka Dimitrios , Londra Paraskevi A. , Mindrinos Leonidas
Published: December 2024

In this study, the approximate three‐term (3 T) one‐dimensional (1D) vertical infiltration equation by Valiantzas (3 T‐V) and the 3 T approximate infiltration equation of the quasi‐exact implicit (QEI) Haverkamp equation (3T‐R) by Rahmati et al. for both direct and inverse modelling of water infiltration into soils were evaluated. The 3 T‐V equation is simpler and involves only two physically meaningful parameters, sorptivity (S) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), unlike 3 T‐R, which includes an additional parameter, β. The coefficients of the second and third terms of 3 T‐V acquire the same values as those of 3 T‐R for values of the parameter β equal to 0.6 and 1.1, respectively. Both 3 T equations yielded similar cumulative infiltration results except at longer times. The inverse solution of 3 T‐V showed better accuracy in predicting S and Ks, with relative error (RE) values generally below 6% and 11%, respectively. The reliability of the S and Ks predictions via the 3 T equations improved over time, and both methods yielded nearly identical results across the studied soils at all infiltration times. However, longer times are needed to accurately predict Ks. Analysing the contribution of each term reveals that the third term (t3/2), though minor in total infiltration, extends the validity time of the 3 T equations.
Transition to Piscivory Seen Through Brain Transcriptomics in a Juvenile Percid Fish: Complex Interplay of Differential Gene Transcription, Alternative Splicing, and ncRNA Activity
Authors: Symonová Radka , Jůza Tomáš , Tesfaye Million , Brabec Marek , Bartoň Daniel , Blabolil Petr , Draštík Vladislav , Kočvara Luboš , Muška Milan , Prchalová Marie , Říha Milan , Šmejkal Marek , Souza Allan T. , Sajdlová Zuzana , Tušer Michal , Vašek Mojmír , Skubic Cene , Brabec Jakub , Kubečka Jan
Published: December 2024

Pikeperch (Sander Lucioperca) belongs to main predatory fish species in freshwater bodies throughout Europe playing the key role by reducing planktivorous fish abundance. Two size classes of the young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) pikeperch are known in Europe and North America. Our long‐term fish survey elucidates late‐summer size distribution of YOY pikeperch in the Lipno Reservoir (Czechia) and recognizes two distinct subcohorts: smaller pelagic planktivores heavily outnumber larger demersal piscivores. To explore molecular mechanisms accompanying the switch from planktivory to piscivory, we compared brain transcriptomes of both subcohorts and identified 148 differentially transcribed genes. The pathway enrichment analyses identified the piscivorous phase to be associated with genes involved in collagen and extracellular matrix generation with numerous Gene Ontology (GO), while the planktivorous phase was associated with genes for non‐muscle‐myosins (NMM) with less GO terms. Transcripts further upregulated in planktivores from the periphery of the NMM network were Pmchl, Pomcl, and Pyyb, all involved also in appetite control and producing (an)orexigenic neuropeptides. Noncoding RNAs were upregulated in transcriptomes of planktivores including three transcripts of snoRNA U85. Thirty genes mostly functionally unrelated to those differentially transcribed were alternatively spliced between the subcohorts. Our results indicate planktivores as potentially driven by voracity to initiate the switch to piscivory, while piscivores undergo a dynamic brain development. We propose a spatiotemporal spreading of juvenile development over a longer period and larger spatial scales through developmental plasticity as an adaptation to exploiting all types of resources and decreasing the intraspecific competition.
Domain‐Shuffling in the Evolution of Cyclostomes and Gnathostomes
Authors: Kariyayama Hirofumi , Kawashima Takeshi , Wada Hiroshi , Ozaki Haruka
Published: December 2024

Vertebrates acquired various novel traits that were pivotal in their morphological evolution. Domain shuffling, rearrangements of functional domains between genes, is a key molecular mechanism in deuterostome evolution. However, comprehensive studies focusing on early vertebrates are lacking. With advancements in genomic studies, the genomes of early vertebrate groups and cyclostomes are now accessible, enabling detailed comparative analysis while considering the timing of gene acquisition during evolution. Here, we compared 22 metazoans, including four cyclostomes, to identify genes containing novel domain architectures acquired via domain‐shuffling (DSO‐Gs), in the common ancestor of vertebrates, gnathostomes, and cyclostomes. We found that DSO‐Gs in the common ancestor of vertebrates were associated with novel vertebrate characteristics and those in the common ancestor of gnathostomes correlated with gnathostome‐specific traits. Notably, several DSO‐Gs acquired in common ancestors of vertebrates have been linked to myelination, a distinct characteristic of gnathostomes. Additionally, in situ hybridization revealed specific expression patterns for the three vertebrate DSO‐Gs in cyclostomes, supporting their potential functions. Our findings highlight the significance of DSO‐Gs in the emergence of novel traits in the common ancestors of vertebrates, gnathostomes, and cyclostomes.
Trauma‐informed practice for genetic counselors: Insights from a workshop evaluation
Authors: Schlub Georgina , De Deckker Kimberley
Published: December 2024

Trauma‐informed practice (TIP) is an emerging model of care that acknowledges the widespread impact of trauma and emphasizes both physical and psychological safety for consumer and provider. It is being increasingly integrated into models of healthcare delivery, organizational policies, and practices, and has been shown to improve clinical interactions, increase treatment adherence, and improve healthcare outcomes. However, to date, TIP has not yet been systematically integrated into genetic counseling training and practice. In this study, using the RISE2 Genomics reporting standard, we present the outcomes of developing and evaluating a TIP workshop designed and delivered for genetic counselors in New South Wales, Australia. This workshop was the first of its kind and addressed the unique clinical and psychosocial challenges that genetic counselors face, including the risk of vicarious trauma and the high rates of burnout in the profession. The workshop aimed to enhance genetic counselors' understanding of trauma and its effects, provide practical strategies for communication and engagement with trauma‐affected individuals, and offer guidance on incorporating TIP into clinical practice. Genetic counselors who participated in the TIP training expressed strong appreciation for the workshop and reported increased awareness of the ubiquity of trauma and the presentation of traumatic responses, and increased self‐perceived knowledge and confidence in providing trauma‐informed care. Additionally, participants were interested in ongoing TIP professional development and the integration of TIP into models of genetic counseling and professional practice. As the field of genetic counseling continues to evolve, we suggest that integrating TIP into training, professional development, and practice will not only improve client outcomes but also reduce rates of vicarious trauma and burnout among genetic counselors. This study is the first to consider the educational needs and the incorporation of TIP into genetic counseling practice, and in doing so, it paves the way for future research and policy development that integrates TIP into models of genetic counseling.
TAZ‐hTrap: A Rationally Designed, Disulfide‐Stapled Tead Helical Hairpin Trap to Selectively Capture Hippo Signaling Taz With Potent Antigynecological Tumor Activity
Authors: Tang Bin , Du Yu , Wang Jun
Published: December 2024

Transcriptional enhanced associate domain (Tead)–mediated Hippo signaling pathway regulates diverse physiological processes; its dysfunction has been implicated in an increasing number of human gynecological cancers. The transcriptional coactivator with PDZ‐binding motif (Taz) binds to and then activates Tead through forming a three‐helix bundle (THB) at their complex interface. The THB is defined by a double‐helical hairpin from Tead and a single α‐helix from Taz, serving as the key interaction hotspot between Tead and Taz. In the present study, the helical hairpin was derived from Tead protein to generate a hairpin segment, which is a 25‐mer polypeptide consisting of a longer helical arm‐1 and a shorter helical arm‐2 as well as a flexible loop linker between them. Dynamics simulation and energetics characterization revealed that the hairpin peptide is intrinsically disordered when splitting from its protein context, thus incurring a large entropy penalty upon binding to Taz α‐helix. A disulfide bridge was introduced across the two helical arms of hairpin peptide to obtain a strong binder termed TAZ‐hTrap, which can maintain in a considerably structured, native‐like conformation in unbound state, and the entropy penalty was minimized by disulfide stapling to effectively improve its affinity toward the α‐helix. These computational findings can be further substantiated by circular dichroism and fluorescence polarization at molecular level, and viability assay also observed a potent cytotoxic effect on diverse human gynecological tumors at cellular level. In addition, we further demonstrated that the TAZ‐hTrap has a good selectivity for its cognate Taz over other noncognate proteins that share a high conservation with the Taz α‐helix.
Boundary Objects at Play in the World's Greenest Football Club
Authors: Samuel Anthony , White Gareth R. T. , Thomas Robert , McGouran Cathy , Bull Michael
Published: December 2024

In the face of increasing environmental and societal pressures, organizations are gradually moving away from merely reducing their detrimental effects toward making positive impacts. One sizeable sector of economic activity, that is frequently overlooked, is that of sport, of which football is the largest in terms of economic value, fan base and global cultural influence. It is only relatively recently that outliers in the football industry have transitioned from being purely profit‐motivated to being both socially and environmentally aware. This transition is challenging since it is being undertaken within the often aggressively masculine environment, as well as the deep‐seated socio‐historical origins and contexts of the individual clubs and the sport as a whole. One such outlying football club is Forest Green Rovers which appears to have navigated this journey successfully. However, research has yet to understand “how” this has been achieved. This study addresses this gap through a 4‐year examination of the social and environmental initiatives of Forest Green Rovers. This lower‐league “club on the hill” is globally recognized for its novel approaches and solutions. Through examining the various Boundary Objects that aid in uniting disparate social groups in order to effect considerable changes to the “match day experience” and to stakeholders' consumption behaviors, it explains how their pragmatic, syntactic, and semantic functions combine to create an accepted suite of socially and environmentally beneficial initiatives.
ULK1 methylation promotes TGF‐β1‐induced endometrial fibrosis via the FOXP1/DNMT1 axis
Authors: Zeng Yuhua , Feng Qing
Published: December 2024

Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is the second most common cause of secondary infertility in women and can also lead to menstrual abnormalities and multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, elucidating the mechanism of its development is crucial for the prevention and treatment of IUA. This study will investigate the function and mechanism of forkhead box P1 (FOXP1)/DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)/unc‐51‐like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) in IUA. Expression levels of key genes were detected using western blot and quantitative ‐ real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK‐8 and EdU staining. Transcriptional regulation relationships were detected by dual luciferase reporter gene and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Methylation station of ULK1 was detected by methylmion specific PCR (MSP). Fibrosis and pathological changes in the uterine cavity tissues were detected by Masson and hematoxylin and eosin staining. It was observed that the expression of FOXP1 and DNMT1 increased in transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1‐induced cells, while ULK1 expression decreased. Downregulation of FOXP1 could inhibit human endometrial stromal cells proliferation and autophagy, as well as decrease the expression of fibrogenic factors (collagen type I alpha 1 chain [COL1A1], fibronectin [FN], and alpha‐smooth muscle actin [α‐SMA]). The results of MSP and ChIP experiments showed that DNMT1 promotes methylation of the ULK1 promoter region and inhibits its transcription. In an animal model, knockdown of FOXP1 alleviated pathological fibrosis and uterine adhesions. Knockdown of FOXP1 can inhibit endometrial fibrosis in IUA rats; FOXP1 could be a potential target for the treatment of IUA.
Meadow Degradation Affects Microbial Community Structure and Vegetation Characteristics by Increasing Soil pH
Authors: Chai Jiali , Yao Tuo , Li Haiyun , Wang Xian , Liu Xiaoting , Li Changning , Li Shuangxiong , Bai Jie
Published: December 2024

Soil is the natural habitat for microorganisms, providing water and nutrients for vegetation, but the influence of meadow degradation on the “vegetation‐soil‐microorganism” system is still controversial, and the drivers of soil microbial and vegetation characteristics change are still unclear. This study explores in‐depth the vegetation and soil changes in four different degradation levels, that is, non‐degraded (ND), lightly degraded (LD), moderately degraded (MD), and severely degraded (SD), in the northeastern region of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. Soil metagenomic sequencing methods were employed to understand the soil microbial and functional diversity and the factors that influence them. The findings indicated that alpine meadow degradation decreased the vegetation height, coverage, and above‐ground biomass (AGB), but increased the vegetation diversity index. In addition, meadow degradation reduces soil properties (organic carbon, total nitrogen and phosphorus, available nitrogen and phosphorus) and enzyme activities (sucrase, cellulase, urease, and catalase) but increases soil pH. The copiotrophic groups (Actinobacteria, Ascomycota) decreased while oligotrophic groups (Acidobacteria, Glomeromycota) increased with meadow degradation. In particular, changes in vegetation characteristics and microbial community structure in alpine meadows are strongly influenced by changes in soil pH. In conclusion, the degradation of alpine meadows leads to the growth of some barren‐tolerant species and deviation of soil pH from neutrality, which increases vegetation diversity but surface exposure reduces the vegetation richness, affects the type and amount of root secretions and changes in soil microbial communities, which reduce the fixation and release of soil nutrients. This study provides the theoretical basis for further analyzing the inner mechanism of alpine meadow degradation.
Effect of Rocky Desertification Control on the Nonlinear Trends of Gross Primary Productivity in Southwest Karst Areas, China
Authors: Zhang Mingyang , Chen Yu , Liu Huiyu , Xue Peng , Liang Chuanzhuang , Wang Xing , Wang Kelin
Published: December 2024

Monitoring trends in gross primary productivity (GPP) is essential for assessing changes in carbon sinks. The implementation of rocky desertification control in karst areas has led to an increase in GPP. However, its impact on the nonlinearity of GPP increase has not been determined. Based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method, this paper analyzed the nonlinear trend of GPP in the Karst region of southwest China from 1982 to 2018 and clarified the impact of rocky desertification control on the nonlinear trend of GPP, the results show that: (1) The Mann–Kendall method found that 47.17% and 50.11% of the study areas showed nonsignificant change and significant increase in GPP, however, 6.72% and 8.58% of the regions with nonsignificant change and significant increase respectively show the trend reversal from increase to decrease with EEMD method, moreover, 2.94% and 4.19% show the trend reversal from decrease to increase, respectively; (2) Rocky desertification control changed GPP more significantly in rock desertification area than nonrocky desertification area. With the aggravation of rocky desertification, the control effect becomes better, which is reflected in the increasing proportion of monotonic increases in GPP. However, for severe rocky desertification areas, the effect of governance is more reflected in the large proportion of GPP from reduction to increase. (3) The control effect is better, but the risk of carbon sink reduction is higher in changed rocky desertification areas than those in unchanged rocky desertification areas. In the meantime, the mitigation of rocky desertification can favor the increasing of GPP in the areas with severe and moderate rocky desertification, while it can just reduce the risk of decreasing of GPP in the areas with potential and slight rocky desertification. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the impact of rocky desertification control on carbon cycle processes in both changed and unchanged rocky desertification areas.
CoralCT: A platform for transparent and collaborative analyses of growth parameters in coral skeletal cores
Authors: DeCarlo Thomas M. , Whelehan Allyndaire , Hedger Brighton , Perry Devyn , Pompel Maya , Jasnos Oliwia , Strange Avi
Published: December 2024

We present CoralCT, a software application for analysis of annual extension, density, and calcification in coral skeletal cores. CoralCT can be used to analyze computed tomography (CT) scans or X‐ray images of skeletal cores through a process in which observers interact with images of a core to define the locations of annual density bands. The application streamlines this process by organizing the observer‐defined banding patterns and automatically measuring growth parameters. Analyses can be conducted in two or three dimensions, and observers have the option to utilize an automatic band‐detection feature. CoralCT is linked to a server that stores the raw CT and X‐ray image data, as well as output growth rate data for hundreds of cores. Overall, this server‐based system enables broad collaborations on coral core analysis with standardized methods and—crucially—creates a pathway for implementing multiobserver analysis. We assess the method by comparing multiple techniques for measuring annual extension and density, including a corallite‐tracing approach, medical imaging software, two‐dimensional vs. three‐dimensional analyses, and between multiple observers. We recommend that CoralCT be used not only as a measurement tool but also as a platform for data archiving and conducting open, collaborative science.
The osteogenic effect of mesenchymal stem cells regulated by photo‐crosslinked hydrogels with tunable elastic modulus
Authors: Sun Haifu , Qian Chen , Chen Kai , Wang Yu , Yang Yuqing , Li Yonggang , Xu Fan , Chen Liang , Li Kun , Hong Youzhi , Qiao Yusen , Geng Dechun
Published: December 2024

Biomimicry is the enduring pursuit in the field of bone implants, wherein bio‐materials with adjustable elastic modulus and porosity, the same as natural bone, offer a novel strategy for developing and applying new bone repair materials. Conventional biomaterials are often used to repair bone defects without complete consideration of structural and functional osseointegration, leading to interface repair failure. In this study, organic‐inorganic interpenetrating network technology was employed using varying amounts of nano‐hydroxyapatite (nHAP) and methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) and osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) to construct biomimetic bones with low, medium, and high nano‐hydroxyapatite content (GelMA‐c‐OGP/nHAP). As the concentration of nano‐hydroxyapatite increases, comprehensive evaluations of the biomimetic materials were conducted using osteogenic ability tests, Micro‐CT scans, nanoindentation tests, and mechanical tests. The developed biomimetic structural material exhibits well‐controlled mechanical properties. Compared to natural bone trabeculae, this biomimetic material not only maintains the organic and inorganic ratio of natural bone but also demonstrates exceptional mechanical load‐bearing capabilities. Additionaly，this scaffold exhibits good porosity and mechanical properties. It enhances cell adhesion, integrates perfectly with bone tissue, and demonstrates excellent osteogenic ability both in vitro and in vivo. This study lays the foundation for constructing biomimetic scaffolds with adjustable mechanical properties, presenting high prospects for applications in the field of tissue engineering.
Green Technology Investment and Production Decisions Considering Stochastic Demand and Firms' Decision Preferences Under Cap‐and‐Trade Regulation
Authors: Ding Chenchong , Jin Shuai
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates how finite rational firms optimally respond to market potential under cap‐and‐trade regulation, considering stochastic demand. Using the mean–variance model framework, we develop an optimization model for green technology investment and production by finite rational firms with different decision‐making preferences. The main results indicate: (1) Under stable demand, firms investing in green technology gain more profits and consumer surplus, however, the effectiveness of carbon emission reduction depends on the market potential size. (2) Under stochastic demand, optimal decisions resulting from firms' varying decision preferences systematically deviate from those of risk‐neutral firms and often demonstrate firms' risk‐averse tendencies that lean towards conservatism. As external factors change, there can even be a reversal in technology investment with an increase in demand uncertainty that amplifies this systematic deviation. (3) Taking firms with different decision‐making preferences as the starting point, this study further analyses the distortion effect of the firm's risk attitude on the optimal technology investment and production decisions, enriching the related research on the joint decision‐making risk model of clean production. And it is more pertinent to the complex situation firms face in the real situation with decision‐making. (4) This study provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for the finite rational firms facing green technology investment choices. Considering the risk‐averse characteristics of firms, this study suggests that the government should establish a risk‐sharing mechanism to weaken the deviation of stochastic demand from the optimal decision‐making of firms or implement certain subsidy policies to protect the profit level of firms.
Validation of Parkinson's Disease Ascertainment in the Veterans Administration Electronic Medical Record
Authors: Goldman Samuel M. , Weaver Frances M. , Cao Lishan , Gonzalez Beverly , Stroupe Kevin T. , Colletta Kalea , Jugnundan Shamil , Brown Ethan G. , Tanner Caroline M.
Published: December 2024

Background

Electronic medical record (EMR)–based studies hold great potential for epidemiologic investigations of Parkinson's disease (PD) causal factors and phenomenology, but diagnostic misclassification may obscure or bias inferences.

Objectives

The aims were to determine the validity of PD diagnostic codes in the Veterans Administration (VA) national electronic medical databases and develop recommendations for maximizing ascertainment accuracy.

Methods

We investigated a cohort of 146,776 veterans who utilized VA healthcare between 1999 and 2021. We reviewed the medical records of individuals with a PD International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code in outpatient, inpatient, or community care encounters to assign a gold‐standard diagnosis. We determined diagnostic accuracy based on provider type, coding frequency, medications, and potentially exclusionary ICD codes overall and by race.

Results

A total of 377 of 810 (46.5%) with a PD ICD code had PD. Veterans whose PD was coded by a PD‐specialist neurologist were most likely to have PD (83.6%), but sensitivity was low (15.0%). Diagnostic accuracy decreased for PD coded by any neurologist (66.9%), but sensitivity improved (69.4%). Requiring two or more PD codes in combination with two or more levodopa prescriptions improved accuracy, particularly among nonneurologists. Neuroleptic‐induced parkinsonism was the most frequent diagnosis in those without PD (15.6%). Accuracy was lower in Black (29.0%) than White (50.5%) veterans regardless of provider type (miscoding odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.7–3.6).

Conclusions

These results highlight the limitations of EMR‐based PD ascertainment. Researchers can maximize accuracy by considering provider specialty, coding frequency, pharmacy data, and exclusionary diagnoses, but some degree of record review is required to ensure high accuracy. Higher miscoding among Black veterans warrants further study. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.