bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reseña. Idiomas orientales, lenguas occidentales. Redescubrir China a través de los idiomas
Authors: Han Fang
Published: July 2021

Resumen: China y su cultura siempre han sido consideradas muy lejanas y diferentes, e incluso aisladas del mundo occidental; y la lengua china tiene la corona de ser “el idioma más difícil” en la mente de mucha gente. Hoy en día, bajo la globalización y el aumento de la importancia del papel que juega China en el mundo, mucha gente tiene curiosidad por esta tierra. Pero la distancia y las tópicos sobre este país impiden muchas veces el acercamiento adecuado a China. Por medio de este libro de divulgación científica, se pretenden exponer muchas de las múltiples relaciones existentes entre la cultura china y la occidental, en diferentes épocas y espacios, intentando responder así a algunas de las preguntas más habituales que tienen los lectores sobre la lengua y la cultura de este país. Es más, seguramente, se descubrirá una China diferente de la conocida hasta el momento.
 
Palabras clave: lengua china, lenguas europeas, comida china, relaciones culturales.
Lecciones de la pandemia para el desarrollo local
Authors: Salom Carrasco Julia
Published: July 2021

Resumen: Con ocasión de la crisis del COVID-19 se han publicado distintos análisis y reflexiones sobre el impacto que ésta puede tener sobre sobre la forma y la dinámica territorial a medio y largo plazo, así como sobre las posibilidades de desarrollo de los distintos territorios. Muchos de ellos subrayan la oportunidad que la crisis puede representar para reconsiderar drásticamente, desde cero, el paradigma actual de producción y consumo, así como el modelo territorial predominante. Aunque la duración temporal de la crisis sanitaria es un factor fundamental en la consolidación de estas nuevas tendencias, la situación actual y evolución probable de la pandemia a escala global nos lleva a afirmar que, hasta cierto punto “la vida después del COVID-19” será “la vida con COVID-19” (OCDE, 2020), de ahí la necesidad de reflexionar sobre las consecuencias a largo plazo, y de proponer un nuevo enfoque de desarrollo territorial que tenga en cuenta las diferentes necesidades y los cambios planteados por el nuevo contexto. En las páginas siguientes recogemos algunas de las ideas principales de estas aportaciones, centrando el análisis en algunos de los temas más estrechamente relacionados con el paradigma del desarrollo local: las economías locales, la sostenibilidad ambiental y social, el modelo territorial y la formación del capital social.
 
Palabras clave: COVID-19, desarrollo local,” Economía Fundamental”, cambio productivo, forma urbana, capital social.
 
Abstract: With the COVID-19 crisis, various analyses and reflections have been published on the impact it may have on the shape and dynamics of the territory in the medium and long term, as well as on the development possibilities of the different territories. Many of them underline the opportunity that the crisis may represent to drastically reconsider, from scratch, the current paradigm of production and consumption, as well as the predominant territorial model. Although the temporal duration of the health crisis is a fundamental factor in the consolidation of these new trends, the current situation and probable evolution of the pandemic on a global scale leads us to affirm that, to a certain extent, "life after COVID-19" will be "life with COVID-19" (OECD, 2020), hence the need to reflect on the long-term consequences, and to propose a new territorial development approach that takes into account the different needs and changes posed by the new context. In the following pages we gather some of the main ideas of these contributions, focusing the analysis on some of the issues most closely related to the local development paradigm: local economies, environmental and social sustainability, the territorial model and the formation of social capital.
 
Keywords: COVID-19, local development, “Basic Economy”, productive change, urban form, social capital.
Reseña. Ciudadanía digital y desarrollo local. Experiencias y procesos de participación en la Unión Europea
Authors: Artés Naya Elena
Published: July 2021

Resumen: En esta obra se analizan y valoran diferentes casos de implantación de las Nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (NTIC) y metodologías participativas en Europa. El autor reivindica su uso como herramienta con potencial para lograr una mayor participación social, si la tecnología se acompaña de un proceso de empoderamiento social que sea inclusivo. La implantación de estas herramientas en la gobernanza se muestra como un proceso aún incipiente, sobre el que urge abrir un debate para evitar su instrumentalización por parte de los poderes políticos.
 
Palabras clave: Ciberdemocracia, Participación, Tecnología, Capital Informacional, NTIC, Movimientos Sociales, Desarrollo Local, E-Gobierno, Telecentro, Democracia Digital.
Education Inequalities and Political Behaviour of the Young in Greece in the 2010s 1
Authors: Maloutas Thomas , Pantelidou Malouta Maro
Published: July 2021

In this paper we briefly address two issues related to the living conditions of youth in Greece and the way these conditions have changed during the 2010s. The first is about the educational trajectories of young Greeks which are leading to less promising prospects in the labour market and become increasingly unequal and socially selective during the crisis. The second issue is the political response of young Greeks to the crisis. There is evidence that they have been actively mobilized against austerity measures and, at the same time, they have increased their participation in the political system, both in confrontational and institutional politics. Inequalities are increasing and social mobility prospects for the young people are deteriorating. Their political response, however, is an outcome depending on many other factors with the politics of parties attractive to youngsters’ aspirations during the crisis being among the most important.
Che ci vado a fare in Grecia?
Authors: Zanetto Giuseppe
Published: July 2021

In this paper my aim is to show that the physical impact of today’s Greece is extremely important for the classicists: by experiencing the Greek landscape, climate, nature they are enabled to better understand the ancient texts and, in some case, to find new solutions for old problems. The discussion focuses in particular on the island of Syros (the homeland of Eumaeus) and on the canal of Xerxes in the Mount Athos peninsula.
Estado, educación y pueblos indígenas en los Andes ecuatorianos: la experiencia del Sistema de Escuelas Indígenas de Cotopaxi
Authors: Granda Merchán Sebastián
Published: July 2021

Sebastián Granda Merchán debate en este libro el proceso de institucionalización de la Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (EIB) en Ecuador y su impacto en las iniciativas educativas gestadas y sostenidas por las comunidades indígenas. Analiza la experiencia del Sistema de Escuelas Indígenas de Cotopaxi (SEIC), en los alrededores del Quilotoa, que buscó atender las demandas de formación de la zona, en el marco de la lucha por la tierra y la construcción de un proyecto de desarrollo endógeno. El texto se construye a partir de la historia oral y la revisión de fuentes primarias, con actores que participaron directamente en el proceso, tanto del lado del Estado como directivos, equipos de gestión y educadores comunitarios, con quienes determina el efecto que tuvo la institucionalización de la EIB en las iniciativas de la educación indígena.
Primitive Tilings and Coherent Frames
Authors:   Marin Drinov Academic Publishing House, Silvestre Luis , Miro Eden , Nable Job
Published: July 2021

This paper characterizes primitive substitution tiling systems for Lie groups for which every element of the associated tiling space generates coherent frames for corresponding representation spaces.
New Parameterizations of \(\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})\) and Some Explicit Formulas for Its Logarithm
Authors:   Marin Drinov Academic Publishing House, Valchev Tihomir , Mladenova Clementina , Mladenov Ivaïlo
Published: July 2021

Here we demonstrate some of the benefits of a novel parameterization of the Lie groups $\mathrm{Sp}(2,\bbr)\cong\mathrm{SL}(2,\bbr)$. Relying on the properties of the exponential map $\mathfrak{sl}(2,\bbr)\to\mathrm{SL}(2,\bbr)$, we have found a few explicit formulas for the logarithm of the matrices in these groups.\\ Additionally, the explicit analytic description of the ellipse representing their field of values is derived and this allows a direct graphical identification of various types.
Interrogating theoretical models of neural computation with emergent property inference
Authors: Bittner Sean R , Palmigiano Agostina , Piet Alex T , Duan Chunyu A , Brody Carlos D , Miller Kenneth D , Cunningham John
Published: July 2021

A cornerstone of theoretical neuroscience is the circuit model: a system of equations that captures a hypothesized neural mechanism. Such models are valuable when they give rise to an experimentally observed phenomenon -- whether behavioral or a pattern of neural activity -- and thus can offer insights into neural computation. The operation of these circuits, like all models, critically depends on the choice of model parameters. A key step is then to identify the model parameters consistent with observed phenomena: to solve the inverse problem. In this work, we present a novel technique, emergent property inference (EPI), that brings the modern probabilistic modeling toolkit to theoretical neuroscience. When theorizing circuit models, theoreticians predominantly focus on reproducing computational properties rather than a particular dataset. Our method uses deep neural networks to learn parameter distributions with these computational properties. This methodology is introduced through a motivational example of parameter inference in the stomatogastric ganglion. EPI is then shown to allow precise control over the behavior of inferred parameters and to scale in parameter dimension better than alternative techniques. In the remainder of this work, we present novel theoretical findings in models of primary visual cortex and superior colliculus, which were gained through the examination of complex parametric structure captured by EPI. Beyond its scientific contribution, this work illustrates the variety of analyses possible once deep learning is harnessed towards solving theoretical inverse problems.
Eukaryotic initiation factor EIF-3.G augments mRNA translation efficiency to regulate neuronal activity
Authors: Blazie Stephen M , Takayanagi-Kiya Seika , McCulloch Katherine A , Jin Yishi
Published: July 2021

The translation initiation complex eIF3 imparts specialized functions to regulate protein expression. However, understanding of eIF3 activities in neurons remains limited despite widespread dysregulation of eIF3 subunits in neurological disorders. Here, we report a selective role of the C. elegans RNA-binding subunit EIF-3.G in shaping the neuronal protein landscape. We identify a missense mutation in the conserved Zinc-Finger (ZF) of EIF-3.G that acts in a gain-of-function manner to dampen neuronal hyperexcitation. Using neuron-type-specific seCLIP, we systematically mapped EIF-3.G-mRNA interactions and identified EIF-3.G occupancy on GC-rich 5′UTRs of a select set of mRNAs enriched in activity-dependent functions. We demonstrate that the ZF mutation in EIF-3.G alters translation in a 5′UTR-dependent manner. Our study reveals an in vivo mechanism for eIF3 in governing neuronal protein levels to control neuronal activity states and offers insights into how eIF3 dysregulation contributes to neurological disorders.
COVID-Nets: deep CNN architectures for detecting COVID-19 using chest CT scans
Authors: Alshazly Hammam , Linse Christoph , Abdalla Mohamed , Barth Erhardt , Martinetz Thomas
Published: July 2021

In this paper we propose two novel deep convolutional network architectures, CovidResNet and CovidDenseNet, to diagnose COVID-19 based on CT images. The models enable transfer learning between different architectures, which might significantly boost the diagnostic performance. Whereas novel architectures usually suffer from the lack of pretrained weights, our proposed models can be partly initialized with larger baseline models like ResNet50 and DenseNet121, which is attractive because of the abundance of public repositories. The architectures are utilized in a first experimental study on the SARS-CoV-2 CT-scan dataset, which contains 4173 CT images for 210 subjects structured in a subject-wise manner into three different classes. The models differentiate between COVID-19, non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia, and healthy samples. We also investigate their performance under three binary classification scenarios where we distinguish COVID-19 from healthy, COVID-19 from non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia, and non-COVID-19 from healthy, respectively. Our proposed models achieve up to 93.87% accuracy, 99.13% precision, 92.49% sensitivity, 97.73% specificity, 95.70% F1-score, and 96.80% AUC score for binary classification, and up to 83.89% accuracy, 80.36% precision, 82.04% sensitivity, 92.07% specificity, 81.05% F1-score, and 94.20% AUC score for the three-class classification tasks. We also validated our models on the COVID19-CT dataset to differentiate COVID-19 and other non-COVID-19 viral infections, and our CovidDenseNet model achieved the best performance with 81.77% accuracy, 79.05% precision, 84.69% sensitivity, 79.05% specificity, 81.77% F1-score, and 87.50% AUC score. The experimental results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed networks in automated COVID-19 detection where they outperform standard models on the considered datasets while being more efficient.
Fusion neural networks for plant classification: learning to combine RGB, hyperspectral, and lidar data
Authors: Scholl Victoria M. , McGlinchy Joseph , Price-Broncucia Teo , Balch Jennifer K. , Joseph Maxwell B.
Published: July 2021

Airborne remote sensing offers unprecedented opportunities to efficiently monitor vegetation, but methods to delineate and classify individual plant species using the collected data are still actively being developed and improved. The Integrating Data science with Trees and Remote Sensing (IDTReeS) plant identification competition openly invited scientists to create and compare individual tree mapping methods. Participants were tasked with training taxon identification algorithms based on two sites, to then transfer their methods to a third unseen site, using field-based plant observations in combination with airborne remote sensing image data products from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON). These data were captured by a high resolution digital camera sensitive to red, green, blue (RGB) light, hyperspectral imaging spectrometer spanning the visible to shortwave infrared wavelengths, and lidar systems to capture the spectral and structural properties of vegetation. As participants in the IDTReeS competition, we developed a two-stage deep learning approach to integrate NEON remote sensing data from all three sensors and classify individual plant species and genera. The first stage was a convolutional neural network that generates taxon probabilities from RGB images, and the second stage was a fusion neural network that “learns” how to combine these probabilities with hyperspectral and lidar data. Our two-stage approach leverages the ability of neural networks to flexibly and automatically extract descriptive features from complex image data with high dimensionality. Our method achieved an overall classification accuracy of 0.51 based on the training set, and 0.32 based on the test set which contained data from an unseen site with unknown taxa classes. Although transferability of classification algorithms to unseen sites with unknown species and genus classes proved to be a challenging task, developing methods with openly available NEON data that will be collected in a standardized format for 30 years allows for continual improvements and major gains for members of the computational ecology community. We outline promising directions related to data preparation and processing techniques for further investigation, and provide our code to contribute to open reproducible science efforts.
Early effects of crop tree management on undergrowth plant diversity and soil physicochemical properties in a Pinus massoniana plantation
Authors: Lyu Qian , Shen Yi , Li Xianwei , Chen Gang , Li Dehui , Fan Chuan
Published: July 2021

Background

Soil and understory vegetation are vital components of forest ecosystems. Identifying the interaction of plantation management to vegetation and soil is crucial for developing sustainable plantation ecosystem management strategies. As one of the main measures of close-to-nature management of forest plantation, few studies have paid attention to the effect of crop tree management on the soil properties and understory vegetation.

Methods

A 36-year-old Pinus massoniana plantation in Huaying city, Sichuan Province was taken as the research object to analyse the changes in undergrowth plant diversity and soil physicochemical properties under three different crop tree densities (100, 150, and 200 N/ha).

Results

Our results showed that the contents of available phosphorus, organic matter and hydrolysable nitrogen in the topsoil increased significantly after crop tree management, while content of available potassium decreased. The composition of shrub and herb layer was richer, and the dominant species were obviously replaced after crop tree management. The Shannon–Wiener index and Richness index of shrub layer, and the diversity of herb layer increased significantly after crop tree management. Herb layer diversity indexes and Richness index of shrub layer were closely related to soil organic matter, available phosphorus, hydrolysable nitrogen, available potassium, soil moisture and bulk density. As the main limiting factors for plant growth, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were closely related to plant diversity and to the distribution of the dominant species. At the initial stage of crop tree management, each treatment significantly improved the soil physicochemical properties and plant diversity of Pinus massoniana plantation, and the comprehensive evaluation was 200 N/ha >100 N/ha >150 N/ha >CK. Compared with other treatments, 200 N/ha had the best effect on improving the undergrowth environment of the Pinus massoniana plantation in the initial stage of crop tree management.
Network analysis of miRNA targeting m6A-related genes in patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Li Lili , Xie Rongrong , Wei Qichun
Published: July 2021

Background

We investigated the miRNA-m6A related gene network and identified a miRNA-based prognostic signature in patients with esophageal cancer using integrated genomic analysis.

Methods

We obtained expression data for m6A-related genes and miRNAs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Survival analysis was conducted to identify potential prognostic biomarkers. LASSO Cox regression was performed to construct the overall survival (OS) associated prediction signature. We used the Kaplan–Meier (K–M) curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to explore the signature’s efficiency and accuracy. Interactions between the m6A-related genes and miRNAs were identified in starBase3.0 and used to construct the miRNA-m6A related gene network.

Results

We found that HNRNPC, YTHDF, ZC3H13, YTHDC2, and METTL14 were dysregulated in esophageal cancer tissues. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that HNRNPC may be an independent risk factor for OS. Five hundred twenty-two potential upstream miRNAs were obtained from starBase3.0. Four miRNAs (miR-186, miR-320c, miR-320d, and miR-320b) were used to construct a prognostic signature, which could serve as a prognostic predictor independent from routine clinicopathological features. Finally, we constructed a key miRNA-m6A related gene network and used one m6A-related gene and four miRNAs associated with the prognosis. The results of our bioinformatics analysis were successfully validated in the human esophageal carcinoma cell lines KYSE30 and TE-1.

Conclusion

Our study identified a 4-miRNA prognostic signature and established a key miRNA-m6A related gene network. These tools may reliably assist with esophageal cancer patient prognosis.
O OLHAR DOCENTE SOBRE A DANÇA
Authors: Silveira Sandy
Published: July 2021

O OLHAR DOCENTE SOBRE A DANÇA Sandy Silveira - FURB.Graduanda em dança pela Universidade Regional de Blumenau, cursando a sétima fase do curso. sandysilvleira592@gmail.comCaroline Carvalho- FURB.Caroline Carvalho é Doutoranda em Educação pela UFPR. Mestre em Educação pela UNIVALI. Graduada em Bacharelado e Licenciatura em Teatro pela FURB. Professora e Coordenadora do Curso de Licenciatura em Teatro da FURB. Pesquisadora do grupo de Pesquisa Arte e Estética na Educação do Programa de Mestrado e Doutorado em Educação da FURB. Integrante da Linha de Pesquisa Linguagem, Corpo e Estética do Programa de Mestrado e Doutorado em Educação da UFPR. Escritora de literatura para a infância com quatro títulos publicados e duas premiações.  RESUMO O presente estudo exploratório efetiva-se por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que oportuniza análises de dados coletados atrávez de entrevistas realizadas com três professoras educacionais infantis de uma rede de ensino privada localizada na cidade de Gaspar – SC. Tendo como enfoque, oportunizar possíveis costuras de dialogos entre teorias e práticas educacionais e suas relações com o movimento corporal na ainfância. Contudo, o presente estudo propõe a utilização da comunicação não verbal – linguagem corporal - como ferramenta facilitadora do processo de aprendizagem das crianças pequenas, oferecendo e defendendo a dança como utensilio metodológico agregador, sendo compreendida como uma grande aliada no que diz respeito a preocupação com o desenvolvimento da criança. Palavras-chave: Infância. Dança. Aprendizagem. Educação infantil.
FIGURINO DE DANÇA: RELAÇÃO EXISTENTE ENTRE CORPO E VESTIMENTA
Authors: Mohr Karoline
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo, intitulado como FIGURINO DE DANÇA: RELAÇÃO EXISTENTE ENTRE CORPO E VESTIMENTA, visa ressaltar a importância que possui o Figurino de Dança. Especificando também qual a relação que se estabelece entre as áreas de Dança e Moda, mostrando a influência que uma área possui sobre a outra no momento de confecção das vestimentas. A metodologia utilizada para a construção desta escrita é a de pesquisa bibliográfica, contando com referencial teórico encontrado em livros e também pesquisas acadêmicas que abordam ambas as áreas trazidas como o cerne desta escrita. A partir do momento em que o bailarino se insere no mundo (cênico) da Dança, inicia-se a familiarização e a relação entre corpo-figurino, que com o decorrer do tempo se mostra influente e protagonista em conjunto com elementos como coreografia, cenografia, iluminação, sonoplastia e com forte influência sobre a movimentação e rendimento corporal do bailarino, que são diretamente influenciados pela maneira da qual o figurinista constrói o figurino. Palavras-chave: Figurino de Dança. Corpo. Dança. Moda.
RODA MUNDO CIA DE DANÇA: UM PERCURSO DE NORTE A SUL
Authors: Dos Santos José Waldir Coral , Xavier Jussara Janning
Published: July 2021

Esta pesquisa investiga a trajetória da Roda Mundo Cia de Dança, fundada em 1987 pelo professor, coreógrafo e diretor mineiro Kidd Souza (1959-2021) na cidade de Porto Velho, estado de Rondônia. O grupo foi responsável pela formação e desenvolvimento artístico de vários bailarinos, bem como, pela difusão da dança no estado. A pesquisa articula biografia e autobiografia para retratar memórias de experiências vividas tanto pelo autor José Waldir Coral dos Santos quanto por outros participantes da companhia, buscando perceber e gerar significados às histórias de um corpo individual e grupal. Acredita-se que este processo de investigação seguido ao registro e análise de informações de caráter histórico contribui para o conhecimento de uma importante iniciativa no terreno da dança brasileira, com trajetória iniciada no Norte e finda no Sul do país.
Mapeamento do Plano Diretor no Brasil: evidências empíricas e desafios ao planejamento urbano municipal, 2004-2018
Authors: Passarelli-Araujo Hisrael , Almeida Alline Viana de
Published: July 2021

O plano diretor é o instrumento básico da política de desenvolvimento e expansão urbana no Brasil e uma importante ferramenta para planejamento e gestão urbanos na esfera municipal. Embora seja reconhecida sua importância para os governos locais, poucos são os trabalhos que analisam e quantificam a forma pela qual as regiões brasileiras se diferenciam em termos de adesão ao plano diretor nos anos recentes. Portanto, este artigo busca mapear os municípios brasileiros que dispõem de plano diretor entre 2004 e 2018, segundo as cinco grandes regiões brasileiras, a partir das informações fornecidas pela Pesquisa de Informações Básicas Municipais. Os resultados indicam que os municípios da região Sul têm o maior percentual de municípios com plano diretor em todo o período de tempo analisado e que há uma redução de municípios do Nordeste munidos desse instrumento de planejamento urbano. Tais informações podem fomentar novos debates acerca das tendências recentes do planejamento urbano brasileiro, assim como subsidiar as discussões sobre os atuais desafios enfrentados pelos governos locais no que diz respeito à gestão do seu território.
Propriedade intelectual, inovação e crescimento econômico: uma análise estatística nas microrregiões do Sul de Minas Gerais
Authors: Augusto Dionísio Vivaldi Guilherme , Dos Santos Portugal Júnior Pedro , Camarini Gladis
Published: July 2021

Este artigo analisa a relação entre a propriedade intelectual (com base nas patentes de invenção PI, nos modelos de utilidade MU, no desenho industrial DI e nas marcas M) e o crescimento econômico refletido no PIB das microrregiões do Sul de Minas Gerais. Com essa abordagem se busca entender as relações entre inovação e crescimento econômico e verificar se tais relações podem divergir ou não entre microrregiões diferentes. Para atingir tais propósitos foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema, bem como uma pesquisa quantitativa por meio de dados extraídos de fontes oficiais governamentais, tendo como indicadores pesquisados os depósitos de propriedade intelectual no INPI e o PIB entre 2002 e 2017. Para interpretações e conclusões foram realizadas análises descritivas e inferenciais sobre tais dados e indicadores, desde cruzamentos a regressões multivariadas. O resultado da pesquisa tanto mostrou uma forte relação entre a propriedade intelectual e o crescimento econômico quanto apontou discrepâncias entre as regiões estudadas.
Evaluation of the Behavior of Cashew Genotypes with Regard to Bacterial Disease in Agroforestry Farms in Northern Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Guy Brou Kouassi , Nafan Diarrassouba , Dabé Doga , Franck Oro Zokou , Bertrand Leki Konan , Nazaire Kouassi Koffi II , Odette Dogbo Denezon
Published: July 2021

Notwithstanding the inflows of currency for the populations who practice it, the cultivation of the cashew tree contributes to strengthening the forestry agrosystem in Côte d'Ivoire. However, this culture, with multiple interests, is confronted with attacks from parasites including bacterial disease. Bacterial disease causes extensive damage to vegetative organs as well as fruits and causes yield losses. The objective of this study is to assess the behavior of cashew genotypes in relation to the severity and incidence of bacterial disease in the context of agroforestry production in Côte d'Ivoire.

To achieve this objective, 1.200 branches were observed to assess the tolerance or sensitivity of 30 cashew trees in agroforestry orchards of cashew trees in the localities of Korhogo, Sinématiali and Boundiali. These cashew genotypes were selected and geolocated. The factor studied is the cashew genotype, composed of 30 cashew genotypes, with 6 modalities which are the severity index of bacterial disease on leaves, twigs and nuts, the incidence of bacterial disease. bacterial disease on leaves, twigs and nuts. The data collected that are the index of severity of bacterial disease on leaves, twigs and nuts, the incidence of bacterial disease on leaves, twigs and nuts have made the subject to descriptive analysis and PCA. The ascending hierarchical classification (HAC) and multivariate analysis completed the data analysis. The results obtained revealed three groups of cashew trees. Those of group 3 made up of twelve (12) genotypes, namely SYDN, SDYY, SDYN and KBSD coming from the localities of Sinématiali and Korhogo, differ from the others by a weak infection of the nuts (8.67 ± 2.74). The genotypes in this group are more resilient and their development in an agroforestry system could help promote  agroecological management of bacterial disease, improve and intensify agroforestry practices in C. d'Ivoire.
Stability Analysis of Perturbed Linear Non-integer Differential Systems
Authors: Akpan Ubong D.
Published: July 2021

In this work, the effect of perturbation on linear fractional differential system is studied. The analysis is done using Riemann-Liouville derivative and the conclusion extended to using Caputo derivative since the result is similar. Conditions for determining the stability and asymptotic stability of perturbed linear fractional differential system are given.
Material Flow Behavior and Microstructure Evolution During Direct Hot‐Press Bonding of Ti/Mg Laminates with Interlocking Structure
Authors: Tang Wei , Shao Bin , Shan Debin , Guo Bin , Zong Yingying
Published: July 2021

Ti/Mg laminates, with an interlocking structure, which is characterized by prefabricated holes, are prepared by direct hot pressing. Reasonable process parameters including temperature, reduction, and interval between prefabricated holes are established. The reasonable temperature range is 350−400 °C, and reduction should be at least 47% at 375 °C. While filling single holes, shearing zones composed of fine‐grained bands form throughout the magnesium layer. Their formation can be divided into three stages including the refinement of original coarse grains, preferential recrystallization of the local area, and expansion of fine‐grained bands. Coarse grains that remain in the fine‐grained band do not fully recrystallize due to the activation of the single slip system. The filling process of adjacent holes is mutually affected. A lamellar heterogeneous structure forms in the magnesium layer, composed of coarse‐grained layers at the top and the bottom and fine‐grained layer in the middle. The Fine‐grained layer is more homogeneous in microstructure, when the interval reaches 9 mm, indicating that the optimum interval is 9 mm. Ti/Mg laminates with multiholes are acquired and a swallow‐tailed interlock structure is formed. The fracture load reaches 2.12 kN with prefabricated holes, which is 16.5% higher than that without prefabricated holes.
Programmable Mechanical Energy Absorption and Dissipation of Liquid Crystal Elastomers: Modeling and Simulations
Authors: Zhang Zhiyuan , Huo Yongzhong
Published: July 2021

Liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) is a special polymer material that combines the properties of rubbers and liquid crystals. It can exhibit soft elasticity with stress plateau and hysteresis due to the mechanical‐director coupling and may be utilized in mechanical energy absorption and dissipation. Herein, some numerical results based on the continuum model of LCE are presented. Using COMSOL, the highly anisotropic loading–unloading behavior of monodomain LCE samples is studied in some detail. When the loading axis is close to the initial LC alignment, the mechanical behavior of the LCE is similar to regular rubber, hyperelastic with weak rate dependences. However, if the loading axis is far from the initial LC alignment, stripe domains appear with apparent stress plateau and a large loading–unloading hysteresis. Consequently, rather big residual strains and stresses can be observed after unloading. Such samples have much stronger rate dependence, much higher efficiency of energy absorptions, and much bigger mechanical energy damping capacity. Thus, it is important to program the initial LC alignment according to the external loading directions to maximize the mechanical energy absorption and dissipation of LCEs.
A Barium Titanate‐on‐Oxide Insulator Optoelectronics Platform
Authors: Cao Yu , Tan Siew Li , Cheung Eric Jun Hao , Siew Shawn Yohanes , Li Changjian , Liu Yan , Tang Chi Sin , Lal Manohar , Chen Guanyu , Dogheche Karim , Yang Ping , Pennycook Steven , Wee Andrew Thye Shen , Chua Soojin , Dogheche Elhadj , Venkatesan Thirumalai , Danner Aaron
Published: July 2021

Electro‐optic modulators are among the most important building blocks in optical communication networks. Lithium niobate, for example, has traditionally been widely used to fabricate high‐speed optical modulators due to its large Pockels effect. Another material, barium titanate, nominally has a 50 times stronger r‐parameter and would ordinarily be a more attractive material choice for such modulators or other applications. In practice, barium titanate thin films for optical waveguide devices are usually grown on magnesium oxide due to its low refractive index, allowing vertical mode confinement. However, the crystal quality is normally degraded. Here, a group of scandate‐based substrates with small lattice mismatch and low refractive index compared to that of barium titanate is identified, thus concurrently satisfying high crystal quality and vertical optical mode confinement. This work provides a platform for nonlinear on‐chip optoelectronics and can be promising for waveguide‐based optical devices such as Mach–Zehnder modulators, wavelength division multiplexing, and quantum optics‐on‐chip.
Superstructured Macroporous Carbon Rods Composed of Defective Graphitic Nanosheets for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Jing , Yao Yining , Zhang Chaoqi , Sun Qiang , Cheng Dan , Huang Xiaodan , Feng Jiayou , Wan Jingjing , Zou Jin , Liu Chao , Yu Chengzhong
Published: July 2021

Rationally designed carbon materials with superstructures are promising candidates in applications such as electrocatalysis. However, the synthesis of highly porous carbon superstructures with macropores and carbon defects from a simple crystalline solid remains challenging. In this work, superstructured macroporous carbon rods composed of defective graphitic nanosheets are synthesized by direct carbonization of crystalline poly tannic acid (PTA) rods as precursors. During carbonization, PTA rods with a highly ordered lamellar structure induce a spatially confined two‐step localized contraction that takes place in different dimensions and directions in each step. The unexpected contraction behavior results in the sponge‐like macroporous carbon superstructure with large surface area, high porosity, and abundant defects, thus showing a superior electrocatalytic performance with high activity and selectivity for oxygen reduction reaction. The study provides new understandings in the design of functional carbon materials with distinctive structures and applications.
Ultra‐Fast Label‐Free Serum Metabolic Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease via a Deep Stabilizer
Authors: Zhang Mengji , Huang Lin , Yang Jing , Xu Wei , Su Haiyang , Cao Jing , Wang Qian , Pu Jun , Qian Kun
Published: July 2021

Although mass spectrometry (MS) of metabolites has the potential to provide real‐time monitoring of patient status for diagnostic purposes, the diagnostic application of MS is limited due to sample treatment and data quality/reproducibility. Here, the generation of a deep stabilizer for ultra‐fast, label‐free MS detection and the application of this method for serum metabolic diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) are reported. Nanoparticle‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐MS is used to achieve direct metabolic analysis of trace unprocessed serum in seconds. Furthermore, a deep stabilizer is constructed to map native MS results to high‐quality results obtained by established methods. Finally, using the newly developed protocol and diagnosis variation characteristic surface to characterize sensitivity/specificity and variation, CHD is diagnosed with advanced accuracy in a high‐throughput/speed manner. This work advances design of metabolic analysis tools for disease detection as it provides a direct label‐free, ultra‐fast, and stabilized platform for future protocol development in clinics.
Exploitation of Improved Long‐Term Stability and Enhanced Photoconversion Efficiency of Organic Photovoltaics Using Flexible Transparent Conducting Electrode with Dual Functions of Antireflection and Ultrahigh Moisture Barrier
Authors: Lim Keun Yong , Kim Seung Uk , Park Dong Hee , Choi Byung-Il , Yu Jae-Woong , Choi Won Kook
Published: July 2021

A structure of flexible glass/flexible transparent conducting electrode (TCE) comparable with the conventional glass/indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate is proposed by combining an Ag NW + PEDOT:PSS hybrid TCE (h‐TCE) with triple‐layer a‐SiNx:H/n‐SiOxNy/h‐SiOx ultrahigh barrier (UHB) films. The UHB films have dual functions of both moisture barriers with a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of 1.6 × 10−5 × g m−2 day−1 and antireflection (AR) with a gradient refractive index. Flexible PTB7:PC70BM‐based organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with the AR‐UHB film achieve a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ηmax = 8.33%, saturation current density (Jsc) of 17.67 mA cm−2, and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 63.3%, which are higher than ηmax = 7.63%, Jsc = 15.25 mA cm−2, and EQE = 59.26% of the OPVs on glass/ITO. These result from the increase in the absorption of the donor PTB7 due to the AR effect of the UHB films. A long‐term stability of the AR‐UHB encapsulation layer in damp heat (40 °C/85% relative humidity [RH]) is confirmed by the result that the measured T80 and T50 values for the OPV device on glass/ITO encapsulated with the AR‐UHB film are about 1008 h (42 days) and 2205 h (92 days), respectively.
Flexible distillation test rig on a laboratory scale for characterization of additively manufactured packings
Authors: Neukäufer Johannes , Sarajlic Nadin , Klein Harald , Rehfeldt Sebastian , Hallmann Heiko , Knösche Carsten , Grützner Thomas
Published: July 2021

Additive manufacturing is increasingly being used to develop innovative packings for absorption and desorption columns. Since distillation has not been in focus so far, this article aims to fill this gap. The objective is to obtain a miniaturized three dimensional (3D) printed packed column with optimized properties in terms of scalability and reproducibility, which increases process development efficiency. For this purpose, a flexible laboratory scale test rig is presented combining standard laboratory equipment with 3D printed components such as innovative multifunctional trays or the column wall with packing. The test rig offers a particularly wide operating range for column diameters between and . First results regarding the time to reach steady‐state, operational stability, and separation efficiency measurements are presented using a 3D printable version of the Rombopak 9M. Currently, further developed and newly designed packing structures are being characterized, which should exhibit optimized properties especially with respect to scalability and separation efficiency.
High penetrance of inferior vena cava system atresia in severe thrombophilia caused by homozygous antithrombin Budapest 3 variant: Description of a new syndrome
Authors: de la Morena‐Barrio María E. , Gindele Réka , Bravo‐Pérez Carlos , Ilonczai Péter , Zuazu Isabel , Speker Marianna , Oláh Zsolt , Rodríguez‐Sevilla Juan J. , Entrena Laura , Infante Maria S. , de la Morena‐Barrio Belén , García José M. , Schlammadinger Ágota , Cifuentes‐Riquelme Rosa , Mora‐Casado Asunción , Miñano Antonia , Padilla Jose , Vicente Vicente , Corral Javier , Bereczky Zsuzsanna
Published: July 2021

Atresia of inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare congenital malformation associated with high risk of venous thrombosis that still has unknown etiology, although intrauterine IVC thrombosis has been suggested to be involved. The identification of IVC atresia in a case with early idiopathic venous thrombosis and antithrombin deficiency caused by the homozygous SERPINC1 c.391C > T variant (p.Leu131Phe; antithrombin Budapest 3) encouraged us to evaluate the role of this severe thrombophilia in this vascular abnormality. We have done a cross‐sectional study in previously identified cohorts of patients homozygous for the Budapest 3 variant (N = 61) selected from 1118 patients with congenital antithrombin deficiency identified in two different populations: Spain (N = 692) and Hungary (N = 426). Image analysis included computed tomography and phlebography. Atresia of the IVC system was observed in 17/24 cases (70.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 48.9%–87.3%) homozygous for antithrombin Budapest 3 with available computed tomography (5/8 and 12/16 in the Spanish and Hungarian cohorts, respectively), 16 had an absence of infrarenal IVC and one had atresia of the left common iliac vein. All cases with vascular defects had compensatory mechanisms, azygos‐hemiazygos continuation or double IVC, and seven also had other congenital anomalies. Short tandem repeat analysis supported the specific association of the IVC system atresia with SERPINC1. We show the first evidence of the association of a severe thrombophilia with IVC system atresia, supporting the possibility that a thrombosis in the developing fetal vessels is the reason for this anomaly. Our hypothesis‐generating results encourage further studies to investigate severe thrombophilic states in patients with atresia of IVC.
Reversible und irreversible [2+2]‐Cycloadditionen von Heteroallenen an ein Gallaphosphen
Authors: Sharma Mahendra K. , Wölper Christoph , Haberhauer Gebhard , Schulz Stephan
Published: July 2021

Gallaphosphen L(Cl)GaPGaL 1 (L=HC[C(Me)N(2,6‐i‐Pr2C6H3)]2) reagiert mit Carbodiimiden [C(NR)2; R=i‐Pr, Cy] und Isocyanaten [RNCO; R=Et, i‐Pr, Cy] unter [2+2]‐Cycloaddition zu den viergliedrigen Metallaheterocyclen LGa(Cl)P[μ‐C(X)NR]GaL (X=NR, R=i‐Pr 2, Cy 3; X=O, R=Et 4, i‐Pr 5, Cy 6). Verbindungen 4–6 reagieren mit CO2 reversibel unter [2+2]‐Cycloaddition bei Raumtemperatur zu den sechsgliedrigen Metallaheterocyclen LGa(Cl)P[μ‐C(O)O]‐μ‐C(O)N(R)GaL (R=Et 7, i‐Pr 8, Cy 9), die mittels IR‐, heteronuklearer (1H, 13C{1H}, 31P{1H}) NMR‐Spektroskopie und Elementaranalyse charakterisiert wurden. Quantenchemische Rechnungen lieferten ein vertieftes Verständnis zur Energetik der Reaktionen.
s‐Triazine pincer ligands: Synthesis of their metal complexes, coordination behavior, and applications
Authors: Barakat Assem , El‐Faham Ayman , Haukka Matti , Al‐Majid Abdullah Mohammed , Soliman Saied M.
Published: July 2021

Pincer ligands are interesting chelating agents due to their high ability to motivate the metal ion characteristics leading to diverse types of applications. These ligands and their metal complexes are smart materials which have a great impact in the development of diverse applications helped alot in the advancement of the field of coordination chemistry. In homogenous catalytic transformations, pincer ligands improved the chemical and thermal stability that serve to minimize the leaching of the metal during the catalytic cycle. Also, they offered the ability to fine‐tune the electronic properties for the metal center, thereby increasing the scope of their coordination chemistry and applications especially the pincer ligands comprising s‐triazine core. This review discusses some of the general synthetic protocols of these s‐triazine pincer ligands and their metal complexes with various applications in different fields. In addition, their structural diversity and the ligand coordination behaviors with different metal ions were also explored.
Attenuation of sinapic acid and sinapine‐derived flavor‐active compounds using a factorial‐based pressurized high‐temperature processing
Authors: Nandasiri Ruchira , Zago Erika , Thiyam‐Holländer Usha , Eskin Neason Akiva Michael
Published: July 2021

De‐oiled canola meals are sources of protein‐containing flavor‐active phenolic compounds. Conventional canola oil processing utilizes an excess amount of solvents and is associated with the release of high‐intensity bitter flavor‐active phenolic compounds, limiting the use of the canola meal. Recent advances in the extraction and isolation of the bitter favor‐active phenolic compounds from canola by‐products produce protein isolates, however, would benefit the industry by producing a side‐stream ingredient rich in phenolics. High temperature and pressure‐aided processing, namely the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) was investigated to extract the flavor‐active bitter molecules from the canola meal. The extractability of flavor‐active phenolic compounds including the major sinapates, kaempferol derivatives, and other thermo‐generative compounds including thomasidioc acid (TA) was evaluated. The effects of temperature, solvent extractant and concentration, and the particle size of the meal were examined on the extraction efficiency of these phenolic compounds. Extraction temperature (180°C) was the primary determinant (p < 0.05) for the attenuation of major sinapates including sinapine and sinapic acid. Both ethanol and methanol extractants at a concentration of 70% (v/v) significantly (p < 0.05) extracted the flavor‐active phenolic compounds. The pressurized high temperature through optimized ASE conditions attenuated the bitter undesirable flavor‐active phenolic molecules from canola meal, thereby facilitating a potential value‐added phenolic‐rich by‐product.
Effect of cu content on Ce‐doping CuO/ZrO2 catalysts for low‐temperature hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate to ethanol
Authors: Ding Jian , Wang Meihui , Liu Huimin , Guo Xiaohui , Yu Gewen , Wang Yaxiong
Published: July 2021

In order to solve the Cu sintering in dimethyl oxalate (DMO) hydrogenation to ethanol, the reaction temperature should be kept at a low value, however, which is unable to show excellent catalytic performance. Herein, the reaction temperature decreased significantly from above 260 to 220°C over Ce‐doping Cu/ZrO2 catalyst, which retained high catalytic efficiency with little influence on the catalyst structure after 96 h on stream. Besides, the structure and performance were changed greatly by adjusting the Cu content. For example, the ethanol selectivity can reach 96.1% based on the 100% conversion of DMO over Ce‐doping Cu/ZrO2 catalysts with 40% content of Cu. Based on systematic characterization, the catalyst possessed higher exposed Cu surface area along with the proper amount of medium acidic sites, avoiding the strong ones that could bring about a series of by‐products. As a result, the formed synergistic effects between Cu sites and medium acidic sites provided the active sites with high efficiency for ethanol synthesis.