bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Out To Work: A History of Wage-Earning Women in the United States
Authors: Kessler-Harris Alice
Published: November 2023

First published in 1982, this pioneering work traces the transformation of “women’s work” into wage labor in the United States, identifying the social, economic, and ideological forces that have shaped our expectations of what women do. Basing her observations upon the personal experience of individual American women set against the backdrop of American society, Alice Kessler-Harris examines the effects of class, ethnic and racial patterns, changing perceptions of wage work for women, and the relationship between wage-earning and family roles. In the 20th Anniversary Edition of this landmark book, the author has updated the original and written a new Afterword.
Some Benefits of Labor Segregation in a Decade of Depression
Authors: Kessler-Harris Alice
Published: November 2023

An anonymous author writing in Harper’s Monthly Magazine in the spring of 1933 described what the depression had done to her. She had, she wrote, worked in the early years of her marriage; her husband’s income, with hers, reached a very comfortable $7,000 a year. There were savings, stocks. Then came the crash, unemployment for her mate, and psychological readjustment. She continued in her job, and for more than two years the pair subsisted on her income alone. The husband assumed household tasks, cooking, mending, and shopping. The marriage, blessed with a sense of humor, survived. This was only one of many such tales-of instances in which the depression challenged life styles developed in a period of seemingly unlimited material affluence. The crash came after a decade of debate in which new forms of companionship were tested, new sexual relationships developed. And then the world buckled. The volume of industrial production dropped the first year by 17 percent and the next by another 17 percent. By the end of 1932 it had declined by nearly half, and the gross national product by nearly one-third.
Plague Epidemics and Antiplague Precautions in Russia to 1770
Authors: Alexander John T
Published: November 2023

The epidemic that devastated central Russia in 1770-72 had many predecessors. To gain a perspective on Moscow’s calamitous experience with communicable disease, earlier outbreaks should be reviewed in comparison with the social responses and the institutional precautions that plague generated in Russia and elsewhere. Many difficulties attend this enterprise, however, for the sources are often few, laconic, and ambiguous; problems of nomenclature abound. The Slavs usually referred to epidemic disease as mor—plague or pestilence, a generic term indicating only that the malady was considered communicable. Some terms implied contagion by roots related to air: for example, moruvoe povetrie (pestilential contagion or lethal air), vetrennaia nechist’ (air-borne contamination), and zapovetrie (miasm or impestation). Communicability was also expressed by zaraza and prilipchevaia bolezn’, “affliction” or “catching disease.” The roots of other terms alluded to external symptoms, like morovaia iazva, a fairly literal rendering of pestis bubonica, which was frequently translated in early modern English as “pestilential distemper.” Distemper connoted a violent systemic affliction, whereas iazva denoted exanthemata—sores, swellings, spots, and the like. Obviously, such vague terms could subsume many different diseases, some infectious and some not.

Institutional and cultural disparities compound the terminological confusion. Russia’s vast and expanding territory, dispersed population, low literacy rate, and the rudimentary administration of most localities guaranteed that some epidemics either would not be recorded or that their description would be too meager to identify the diseases at work. One cannot easily ascertain the incidence of a particular epidemic from reports originating in widely separated localities. Depending on the level of natural immunity among a population, some diseases might have acted differently in the past than they do today. Measles, for instance, posed a far more serious threat to health in past centuries. Additional uncertainty concerns chronological definition: When does one epidemic stop and another begin?
A Pestilential Summer (April-September 1771)
Authors: Alexander John T
Published: November 2023

Perplexed by 2 pestilential alarms within 3 months, Muscovites must have wondered what warm weather might bring after the freeze of early May. The summer of 1771 proved to be extraordinarily long, warm, and moist—ideal conditions for the propagation of plague. In certain respects, the gradual resurgence of infection recapitulated the 2 previous outbreaks. Moscow’s third visitation evaded early detection and definition. Despite the sanitary surveillance instituted in March, neither Eropkin nor his subordinates became alarmed until late June; even then their suspicions crystallized so slowly that another month passed before they renewed extraordinary precautions. The efficiency of their surveillance was limited, to be sure, by Moscow’s sprawling layout and loose administration. While primary attention focused upon the pesthouses and quarantines, vigilance elsewhere may have lapsed temporarily in the expectation that all danger was past by mid-June. The departure of many noble households and the rapid subsidence of the epidemic in April, coupled with the medical community’s doubts, undermined belief in the need for extraordinary precautions. Officials and practitioners assumed they could arrest any recurrence, just as they had done twice before.

Yet the new upsurge differed from its immediate predecessors in 2 crucial particulars: no distinct focus emerged—no center like the hospital annex or the Big Woolen Court—and no clear-cut symptoms became evident at the start. Plague revived in such a protean manner that nobody in Moscow or Petersburg grasped the magnitude of the menace. When they finally perceived it, the metropolis was already beginning to disintegrate, and the local authorities argued with Petersburg about the best means to save the situation.

As it was generally known that warm temperatures somehow favored infection, many emergency measures remained in force into the summer. Indeed, the plague of 1770 in Moldavia had reaffirmed the disease potential of springtime, an epidemiological lesson that doctors Shafonskii and Orraeus and staff-surgeon Grave all impressed upon officialdom in Moscow and Petersburg.
The Plague in the Provinces and the Threat to Petersburg (August 1771-August 1775)
Authors: Alexander John T
Published: November 2023

Pague afflicted many localities en route to Moscow and then menaced all of central Russia. If commercial intercourse facilitated importation of Y. pestis to the Russian heartland, then Moscow’s functions as the primary inland entrepôt threatened reexportation of plague to the rest of the empire, and even abroad. Apprehension that the disease might spread outward from Moscow perturbed the Petersburg authorities as early as August 1771. Their anxiety mounted steadily in September and October as reports confirmed the infection of Moscow guberniia and suspicious cases appeared as close as Novgorod guberniia. Countering plague in the provinces therefore became an important task of the Orlov mission. Behind the policies of Orlov and the Plague Commission, and the other precautions that the Plague Riot elicited from the imperial government, loomed the ultimate fear: Would the rampant epidemic reach Petersburg itself? Nobody could know how much farther the mysterious disease might travel, or whether it might fade away in one place only to break out elsewhere.

While Moscow’s constant exchange of people, merchandise, and raw materials with the hinterland provided multiple avenues of expansion for pestilence, the demographic circumstances of central Russia afforded ample reception points in the form of a dense, substantially urbanized population. On the eve of the plague the 11 provinces of Moscow guberniia contained about 4.6 million residents—nearly one-fifth of the empire’s total population. Compared to the rest of European Russia, moreover, both a higher proportion and a greater absolute number of the people of Moscow guberniia lived in towns. In 1762, the third national census enumerated a taxable urban male population of about 90,000 in the guberniia.
Genetic and Demographic Risks to Small Populations Revisited
Authors: Smith James N M , Keller Lukas F , Reid Jane M
Published: November 2023

Our principal theme in this book has been to describe how small size affects the demographic performance and genetic composition of small populations. We began with a brief history of the genetic and demographic risks that are likely to affect small populations. We considered these ideas through a detailed example, the song sparrows of Mandarte Island, and by reviewing recent advances in broader knowledge. We hope we have achieved a detailed description of the genetics and demography of this focal population and that we have gained insights relevant to the biology and management of small populations in general. Since Lande (1988a) pointed out the difficulty of developing a satisfactory theory linking demography and population genetics, our knowledge has grown rapidly. The theory underpinning Caughley’s (1994) small population paradigm has been developed (e.g., Lande et al. 2003; Engen et al. 2003) and applied to small populations in the wild (e.g., Nieminen et al. 2001; Clutton-Brock and Pemberton 2004). Our knowledge of the effects of inbreeding in the wild has grown enormously (Keller and Waller 2002), and advances have also been made in other branches of conservation genetics (Frankham et al. 2002). While genetic rescue of small and struggling populations has been achieved (Ebert et al. 2002; Vila et al. 2003), we also know that such attempts can fail disastrously (Hughes et al. 2003). Finally, we are improving our understanding of how genetics and ecology interact to affect populations (Saccheri et al. 1998; Keller et al. 2002).
Linkage Analysis
Authors: Thomas Duncan C
Published: November 2023

Linkage analysis is the process of determining the approximate chromosomal location of a gene by looking for evidence of cosegregation with other genes whose locations are already known (i.e., marker genes). Cosegregation is a tendency for two or more genes to be inherited together, and hence for individuals with similar phenotypes to share alleles at the marker locus. Gene mapping is a huge topic, for which only a general introduction can be given here. Those interested in more detail can read one of the excellent textbooks by Ott (1999), Haines and Pericak-Vance (1998), or Pawlowitzki et al. (1997). Terwilliger and Ott (1994) provide a useful how-to manual of the mechanics of conducting a linkage analysis, based mainly on the LINKAGE package.
Principles of Population Genetics
Authors: Thomas Duncan C
Published: November 2023

In the next four chapters, we will consider the use of association studies for three purposes: (1) to further localize the region containing a causal gene; (2) to test associations with potential candidate genes; and (3) to characterize such genes once they have been established as causally related to disease.
On the Cartography of Syntactic Structures
Authors: Rizzi Luigi
Published: November 2023

Syntactic structures are complex objects. Much theory-guided descriptive work on syntactic constituents over the 1980s and 1990s has shown that phrases and clauses have a richly articulated internal structure. As the empirical evidence of such complexity had been steadily accumulating, some researchers came to the conclusion that it was a worthwhile endeavor to study this rich domain on its own, and they set the goal of arriving at structural maps that could do justice to the complexity of syntactic structures. This was the initial motivation of the cartographic projects that have come to the fore in the last few years. If the impulse that prompted these efforts has to do with the complexity and richness of the domain, an equally influential driving factor is the intuition of the fundamental uniformity and underlying simplicity of the basic constituents the syntactic atoms. The tension between these two driving forces offers a useful vantage point to understand certain directions taken by the cartographic analyses and to place these studies within the broader context of current syntactic theory.
The C-System in Brythonic Celtic Languages, V2, and the EPP
Authors: Roberts Ian
Published: November 2023

The basic empirical goal of this chapter is to examine the nature and structure of the C-system in Welsh and in at least some of the other Celtic languages. (I leave aside Scots Gaelic and Modem Irish; for some remarks on the latter, see McCloskey 2000). The theoretical issue behind the discussion is to consider whether we can maintain that the Extended Projection Principle (EPP) holds at the CP-level in these languages, and, if so, in what form. Doing this entails a discussion of Germanic verb second (V2), since it has been proposed that the obligatory XP-movement into the C-system that makes up part of this phenomenon is a consequence of the EPP (cf. Chomsky 2000, 2001; Haegeman 1996; Laenzlinger 1998; Roberts 1993; and Roberts and Roussou 2002).
Enclisis and Proclisis
Authors: Shlonsky Ur
Published: November 2023

Imperatives aside, pronominal clitics in Catalan, Spanish, and Italian (CASPIT) are realized as proclitics on finite verbs and as enclitics on nonfinite ones. From a descriptive perspective, the factor determining the choice between proclisis and enclisis in CASPIT is finiteness. Finiteness also plays a role in the choice between enclisis and proclisis in European Portuguese, Galician, and some other Iberian varieties (GALPORT). However, the role of finiteness in GALPORT is partly obscured by other factors, such as whether the clause is affirmative or negative, whether the infinitive is inflected for subject agreement, and whether the infinitive appears in a prepositional or adverbial adjunct clause. Enclisis is the rule in (affirmative) nonfinite subject and complement clauses, and proclisis is possible in negated infinitival clauses, as well as in adverbial clauses that contain an inflected infinitive.
Solutions For Singers
Authors: Miller Richard
Published: November 2023

Internationally recognized master teacher Richard Miller offers solutions to more than 200 significant questions on voice technique and performance, culled from hundreds of masterclasses and pedagogy courses. In this pragmatic guide for securing technique and artistry, Miller deals directly with problems faced by established professional performers, studio teachers, and students of singing, avoiding abstract generalities. The question-and-answer pairs are organized under 10 broad topic headings that constitute singers’ most important concerns.
The Phenomenon Of Vibrato
Authors: Miller Richard
Published: November 2023

Professional vocalism is characterized by a vibrato rate that is neither too narrow nor too wide in its pitch excursion. Sometimes singers, in the hope of avoiding oscillatory timbre (the dreaded wobble), are hesitant to let the full extent of pitch variance occur. They need to be reminded that full vibrancy, the source of normal vibrato, cannot result if pitch variation is restricted. Fiberoptic studies reveal that not only the vocal folds oscillate during vibrato; motion takes place in the pharyngeal wall, the epiglottis, and, to some extent, the base of the tongue.
Carry Me Back
Authors: Deyle Steven
Published: November 2023

Carry Me Back is a study of the slave trade in national perspective. It explores the origins of the slave trade; the rise and fall of the cotton kingdom; the growth of a market economy in the South and the role slave labor played in it; the abolitionist attack on slavery; the slave trade’s effect upon the black and white South; and the kinds of local, regional, and national politics debates the slave trade sparked. Steven Deyle peppers the manuscript with descriptions of how the slave trade worked, the people involved in it, and outsiders’ observations of the practice. By looking at the impact of the slave trade on the North in an empirical manner, this manuscript distinguishes itself even from the recent award-winning books on the slave trade. By demonstrating the centrality of the slave trade to antebellum American life more broadly this will be a significant book for a wider American history audience. This book promises to be a strong addition to the landmark histories of slavery on the Oxford list, including the works of David Brion Davis, Sterling Stuckey, and John Blassingame. Like Walter Johnson’s SOUL BY SOUL, it should be reach a wide audience of American historians.
“The Nastiness of Life”: African-American Resistance to the Domestic Slave Trade
Authors: Deyle Steven
Published: November 2023

In her Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, Beloved, Toni Morrison writes that in the antebellum South, African-American “men and women were moved around like checkers.” In addition to being “rented out, loaned out, mortgaged, won, stolen or seized,” they were also frequently bought and sold like any other form of property. In the book, the family’s matriarch, Baby Suggs, knew all about the harsh realities of sale. Six different men had fathered her eight children-five of whom had been sold away, and two of whom had fled before a sale could occur. Baby Suggs understood the system well, and, according to Morrison, “what she called the nastiness of life was the shock she received upon learning that nobody stopped playing checkers just because the pieces included her children;’ Although Morrison based her novel on the true story of Margaret Garner, this is a work of fiction and not historical “fact:’ But the problems that her characters face are representative of those that con fronted millions of African-American men, women, and children in the ante bellum South.
Nicaragua: A New Army Finds Its Caudillo
Authors: Holden Robert H
Published: November 2023

We declare that we consider ourselves to be friends to whomever may be his friends and enemies to whomever may be his enemies. —Part of a secret blood pact signed by followers of Gen. Anastasio Somoza García at midnight on 14 November 1933 . The public violence that racked Nicaragua until the 1860s drew on the rivalry between two factions associated respectively with the cities of León and Granada and the vast hinterlands from which each of them drew their wealth and soldiery. Practically stateless during its first forty years of life, Nicaragua degenerated into little more than a field of almost constant civil war. It was a country, a government official lamented in 1853, “in ruin and in rags.” Personalism and strongly localized kinship ties combined with the traditional loyalty owed the patria chica, hardening patronclient alliances and creating a “nefarious dynamic” of destruction. Although historians often analyze Nicaraguan politics as a contest for power between the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party, expedience was the rule of political affiliation as it was elsewhere in the isthmus. “Liberals” and “conservatives” throughout Nicaraguan history have invariably identified themselves with particular factions aligned with one or another party leader. Ideologically, the leadership of both parties tended to share the same classically liberal ethos. Factional leaders associated with both parties routinely pacted with factions of the other party and with regional strongmen. Sectoral economic interests were so varied and mobile that the conventional historicalmaterialist breakdown of party affiliation according to, among other things, “coffee,” “cattle,” or “capital,” cannot be sustained without serious qualifications.
Katherine Branch’s Fits
Authors: Godbeer Richard
Published: November 2023

It was a beautiful afternoon in the last week of April1692. Winter was giving way to a warm spring and the towns-folk of Stamford were once again released from cramped winter companionship. Most families lived in small timber—framed homes with only four rooms, two downstairs and two above. A large stone or brick chimney stood at the center of the house, at its base an open fireplace. The outside walls were covered with clapboard. Inside the house a narrow entrance hall divided the two rooms on the ground level. A stairway, usually built along-side the chimney, led to the upper chambers. The beams supporting the steep shingled roof remained exposed, as did the other woodwork—these were unpretentious, utilitarian structures. Windows were mostly small and the houses dimly lit even during the day. There was no storage space, other than wooden chests, and so clothes and other belongings were all on view amidst the bustle of domestic activity.
Introduction
Authors: Gushee Lawrence
Published: November 2023

This History Of The Creole Band offers itself as a narrative of the vaudeville career of the first jazz band to make its mark outside New Orleans. It will also address the more general question of the beginnings of jazz as a national music, and necessarily, if glancingly, deal with the beginnings in New Orleans. An alert reader may already be muttering under his or her breath “what does the author mean by ‘jazz’?” and also, perhaps, “was it really a jazz band?” I beg such an alert reader to permit me the use of these terms for the time being, in exchange for my promise to answer these deceptively simple questions . . . eventually. The epigraph above begs the questions, perhaps, but is invaluable testimony from a musician whose mind and fingers had intimate knowledge of both ragtime and jazz and also had a thorough acquaintance with vaudeville tricks and hokum. He amply deserves being taken seriously.
Dramatis Personae
Authors: Gushee Lawrence
Published: November 2023

Reder Of Biographies of the great “classical” composers— Mozart, Beethoven— suspend disbelief willingly enough and grant the relevance of the small details of an artist’s life to his or her work. But even in the case of a musician considered to be “ordinary” when compared to the extraordinary Beethoven or Mozart it’s nonetheless interesting to be able to cite some event, some fact of the day-to-day existence of the musician that explains something about the work.
Before the Beginning
Authors: Gushee Lawrence
Published: November 2023

The foregoing biographical sketches and the network of links of personal and musical acquaintanceship there displayed might be thought sufficient to account for the eventual Creole Band of 1913-1918. In fact, there was a band led probably by Bill Johnson that traveled from New Orleans to California and back ca. 1908. And to make matters more complicated, Bill Johnson remembered another band from the preceding year that to him at least was part of the story.
The Third Season
Authors: Gushee Lawrence
Published: November 2023

The start of the third season of the Creole Band was documented by a comically inexact item from Sylvester Russell’s Chicago column in the Freeman of July 15 1916. “Last Monday” would have been July10; the band opened in Winnipeg on Monday, July 18. These dates are firm, but they call into question the date of the telegram that called Louis Delille (“Big Eye” Louis Delille Nelson) to join the act.
Board of Trade and Home Office
Authors: Best Geoffrey
Published: November 2023

British society and politics were entering an exceptionally turbulent and bad-tempered phase just when Clementine joined Winston. The primary sources of disturbance and disorder lay in the flexing by the working-class movement of its muscles, an unprecedented conflict between the Lords and Commons, and trouble as usual in Ireland. There were also the Suffragettes, of whose increasing violence Clementine, a dedicated non-violent Suffragist, disapproved. (Her prompt rescue action seems to have saved Winston from being pushed under a train at Bristol by one of the aggressive sort.) The Liberal government, which had achieved little on the home front in the first two years of office, revitalised itself with a change of Prime Ministers in 1908, Asquith replacing Campbell-Bannerman, and an explicit engagement with social reforms calculated (according to one’s point of view) to appease labour or to do justice to its demands. On top of all this was the party’s awkward but ultimately inescapable commitment to deliver on its long-standing promise of Home Rule for Ireland. With this ‘New Liberalism’, Churchill found himself in eager sympathy; discovering, as usual, that where circumstances and ambition led him it was his destiny to go. His shift away from the Conservatives between 1900 and 1904 had been speeded by a perception that imperialist intoxication and suburban smugness were making them insensitive to the mood of the country, and myopic regarding the conditions in which its labouring masses worked and died.
The Dardanelles
Authors: Best Geoffrey
Published: November 2023

The Antwerp adventure kept Churchill away from the Admiralty for not much over a week, but that was more than long enough for the First Sea Lord, Admiral Prince Louis of Battenberg, left in charge for much longer than he had expected, to feel that he had been unreasonably thrust into the firing line. His unhappiness was the greater for a rising miasma of rumour and allegation (a kind of thing much commoner in the First World War than the Second) that his Germanic background rendered him unfit to hold such a post, and that he was perhaps dangerous in it. Neither Churchill nor anyone else who knew Prince Louis believed such rubbish, but its persistence was demoralising; and, besides, Churchill had discovered that the man was not strong-minded or combative enough to be the First Sea Lord that Churchill dreamed of. Battenberg (who in order to save his family from further embarrassments in due course changed its name to Mountbatten) needed little persuasion to resign, his place being taken by someone undoubtedly more aggressive: Admiral Sir John Fisher, by now seventy-three but raring to go again. Whether this appointment was wise has been debated ever since. Churchill had considered Fisher’s suitability for the post three years earlier and had decided against him. Then, he was probably right; now, he was soon to be proved wrong. Fisher, towards whom the younger man showed an unaccustomed degree of patience and consideration, takes his place in that series of questionable attachments (amounting at their worst to a sort of infatuation) which recurred throughout Churchill’s life, often causing anxiety to his clearer-eyed wife.
Bolsheviks and Irishmen
Authors: Best Geoffrey
Published: November 2023

The return of peace marked for Churchill the beginning of ten years of considerable celebrity and achievement. He was as prominent in public office as anyone can be who is not actually Prime Minister. He did good work in relation to a variety of really important national and imperial issues, not all of them directly his departmental responsibility. He was at the top of his oratorical form and was one of the most effective parliamentarians. His capacity for persisting in what most of his colleagues considered an untenable proposition (that Britain and France should not rest until the Russian Bolsheviks were destroyed) displayed itself in only that one connection and, in fact, did him little harm other than with the British Left, which had anyway long been wary of him. That Churchillian quirk apart, his political performance though the 1920s was first class. Perhaps it was the very turbulence and novelty of the post-war climate of politics both British and foreign that drew the best out of him. He excelled at handling emergencies and meeting new challenges. British politics after the war would not be as they had been before it, and could not be. They would not be, because the Prime Minister plumped for an immediate general election and gained the country’s approval for maintaining in power his war-winning coalition.
Epilogue
Authors: Best Geoffrey
Published: November 2023

I undertook this book from a desire to satisfy my curiosity about Winston Churchill. Now that I’ve finished, it seems reasonable to summarise what I’ve found and to acknowledge that it has been worth the effort. I found the great man I had always supposed to be there; less great in some respects that were new to me, and with many more idiosyncracies than I could have thought possible, but with a title to a place in any pantheon not wholly reserved for stars of screen, song and stadium; and, besides all that, an extraordinary many-sided human being whom it has been exhilarating to study. What sort of a great man was he? Greatness, as commonly attributed, comes in such a variety of colours and contexts that it is as well to state at the start that his title to greatness rests on achievements in the fields of war and politics. It is of the kind that often accompanies dramatic episodes in the histories of nations and peoples, episodes almost always of armed struggle, sacrifice and heroism. Every nation has (or should one say, in our unprecedentedly demilitarised society, has had?) its warrior heroes and champions, accorded greatness for their embodiment of qualities collectively most admired. Biographers and historians who wish to recognise the existence of Great Men in history have to meet the challenge of critics who insist that who these alleged great men were, and what they did, must be explained by the hard historical work of ascertaining whom they represented, what they stood for, and what irresistible movements were sweeping humanity along at the time when they were part of it. Much indeed can be done along those lines, and should be. But there often comes a point at which these lines of explanation part from reality, the point where inner-directed elements of individual thought and action defy explanation in terms of social context.
The Legal Framework for Child Protective Services
Authors: Winterfeld Amy
Published: November 2023

Courts and CPS agencies share the goal of ensuring that children have safe, permanent homes. To reach this goal, there must be an effective working partnership between agency workers and legal and judicial personnel. Forging this partnership requires a commitment to cooperate in the interest of children, knowledge of the legal framework for child protective services, and ongoing efforts to improve collaborative practice. Court intervention, in cases of child abuse and neglect, may consist of a simple ex parte (one side only) order, a full trial by judge or jury involving all parties, or a myriad of other processes in between, in the various courts that deal with some aspect(s) of the problem. While the juvenile courts (or, in lieu thereof, family courts) remain the major forum for both venue (place of hearing or trial) and jurisdiction (authority over the parties and subject matter), other courts—domestic relations, civil, and criminal—also respond to issues that may arise in child protection matters (e.g., domestic violence). The complexity of child welfare cases may therefore result in CPS becoming involved in these additional forums, or in other specialized forums, such as family treatment courts that respond to families with substance abuse issues. Many cases of child neglect and abuse do not require court intervention. However, for those that do require it to secure legal permanency for the child or to provide for child safety in an emergency, your effectiveness in court will necessitate knowledge of and respect for court jurisdiction, rules, procedures, your role in each of these courts, and problems that may arise with respect to your role.
“In fine whack”
Authors: Pinsker Matthew
Published: November 2023

Noah Brooks, A Washington Correspondent For The Sacramento Daily Union, decided in July 1863 that it was time to provide his readers with a glimpse of President Lincoln’s daily life at the Soldiers’ Home. “The grounds are extensive and beautiful,” he reported, “and belong to the Government, which erected the large central building for disabled, homeless soldiers of the regular service.” He noted that the president and his family lived in one of “several two-story cottages” built “in the Gothic style” and located near the main hall. “Mr. Lincoln comes in early in the morning and returns about sunset,” he informed his readers, “unless he has a press of business—which is often—when he sleeps at the White House and has ‘prog’ sent up from Willard’s.” Brooks observed that a cavalry escort and an infantry company protected Lincoln, but he was concerned by the apparent gaps in the security around the president. “[T]o my unsophisticated judgment,” he wrote nervously, “nothing seems easier than a sudden cavalry raid from the Maryland side of the fortifications, past the few small forts, to seize the President of the United States.”
Teachers
Authors: Milees Steven H
Published: November 2023

This passage extends the lineage, inserts the physician into that family, and defines the first of two familial obligations of physicians to this house of medicine. The lineage of medicine began with the Oath’s summoning of Apollo, Asclepius, Panacea, and Hygieia as witnesses and progenitors of medicine. In this passage, a physician enters the professional family of physicians by accepting his medical teachers as equal to his parents. Furthermore, the physician vows to assume filial obligations to the preceding generation of teachers.
The Health of The Public
Authors: Miles Steven H
Published: November 2023

Most bioethicists maintain that the Oath proposes a clinical ethic that is centered on the direct treatment of a patient and does not address the physician’s moral engagement with the broader society. Edelstein, for example, maintained that medical ethics in ancient Greece was simply bedside etiquette and that philosophers articulated the first clinical ethic with the Oath. Veatch describes Hippocratic ethics as “ultra-individualism” in its support for the professional autonomy of each physician. He says that the way that modern medical ethics hold physicians accountable to societal norms, such as the doctrine of informed consent, “essentially overturned the core ethical positions of the Hippocratic tradition.” Pellegrino says the Hippocratic ethic “notably [contains] no sense of the larger responsibilities as a profession for the behavior of each member.
Errors
Authors: Miles Steven H
Published: November 2023

This passage is puzzling. It reads like a vow to forswear surgery by physicians who proudly and aggressively performed many kinds of surgical procedures (see Table 9-1). Numerous Greek medical texts discussed indications for surgery and described surgical techniques (including how to vary the incising stroke to minimize pain during different kinds of operations), cutting instruments (cold or cauterizing, ostentatious or simply workmanlike), how to illuminate surgical incisions, market surgical skills, and use surgical assistants. Authors recommended surgical instruction early in one’s medical education and suggested military service as the best place to learn trauma surgery. Greek physicians left an enduring impact on surgery.
A Trustworthy Profession
Authors: Miles Steven H
Published: November 2023

Oaths bind promises. The Oath simply puts the swearer’s character on the line for human judgment on whether the physician has honored the pledges to learn, to teach, to sustain the development of medicine, to benefit the ill, and to shun injustice. It is not a legal code. It is not a holy scripture. It is neither a prayer for healing powers nor an affirmative answer to a divine call to be a doctor. It is not a contract with a god that says: “If God grants me healing powers, I will do this.”
The primal scene of instruction
Authors: Bloom Harold
Published: November 2023

Back from Babylon, Ezra, as scribe of the Return, resolved that his people were to seek always the presence of the Book. The primacy of the Book, and of the Oral Tradition as its interpretation, dates from this heroic resolution of the mid fifth century B.c. Ezra rightly saw himself as a continuator and not as a point of origin, a strong scribe rather than a strong poet:

This Ezra went up from Babylon; and he was a ready scribe in the law of Moses, which the LORD God of Israel had given: and the king granted him all his request, according to the hand of the LORD his God upon him. . . . .

For Ezra had prepared his heart to seek the law of the LORD, and to do it, and to teach in Israel statutes and judgments.
Testing the map: Browning’s Childe Roland
Authors: Bloom Harold
Published: November 2023

The reader, like Browning’s belated quester, might wish to separate origins from aims, but the price of internalization, in poetic as in human romance, is that aims wander back towards origins. A study of misprision, as outlined in my previous chapter, allows the reader to see that interpretation of Browning’s great poem is mocked by the poem itself, since Roland’s monologue is his sub lime and grotesque exercise of the will-to-power over the interpretation of his own text. Roland rides with us as interpreter; his every interpretation is a powerful misreading; and yet the union of those misreadings enables him to accept destruction in the triumphant realization that his ordeal, his trial by landscape, has provided us with one of the most powerful of texts that any hero-villain since Milton’s Satan has given us.
Skin Transplantation: Clinical Applications and Current Issues
Authors: Greenleaf Glenn
Published: November 2023

As with musculoskeletal tissue, transplantation of allograft skin has expanded as a result of increased donor supply, technical advances in processing and preservation, and clinical innovations. These developments greatly enhance our ability to repair or replace diseased, damaged, or inadequate tissue, benefiting over 30,000 patients each year. Although skin banking is closely tied to musculoskeletal banking, the field attracts a range of unique and sometimes controversial issues in areas such as recovery, supply, and clinical uses. This chapter provides an over view of the uses of allograft skin and some of the economic, social, and ethical issues surrounding skin banking.
The View from the Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Warner Jill Hartzler , Zoon Kathryn C
Published: November 2023

The Food and Drug Administration’s goals with regard to the regulation of human tissue are to prevent the spread of communicable disease, as sure that manufacturers of cellular and tissue-based therapeutic products demonstrate safety and effectiveness (where appropriate) and encourage the development and availability of these products through a risk-based, rational, and comprehensive regulatory framework. The FDA’s new regulatory approach, when completed, will apply to a broad range of human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based products, including the subject of this book, musculoskeletal tissue and skin. The FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research has lead responsibility.
Legal Characterizations of Human Tissue
Authors: Charo R Alta
Published: November 2023

This rather modem-sounding cry for examining the market for human tissue actually comes from an article by Francis Carey in the late nineteenth century, when the supply of cadavers for medical education was dwindling. But whether one dates the transformation to the nineteenth or twentieth century, it is certain that, as Carey wrote, “[ or better or worse, we have irretrievably entered an age that requires examination of our understanding of the legal rights and relationships in the human body and the human cell.”Where once the value of the human body was seen exclusively in terms of its ability to perform labor or produce offspring or bring sensual and other personal satisfaction, the potential of the human body as a source of transferable physical material has led some to see its value in medicaland, if made available for sale,3 economic terms as well.
The Gift and the Market: Cultural Symbolic Perspectives
Authors: Campbell Courtney S
Published: November 2023

Tissue banking in the United States is currently in the midst of an ethical identity crisis. The stage for this crisis was set in the late 1980s, when the tissue banking community underwent a significant change in both philosophy and practice. The immediate catalyst for this ethics crisis was the entrance of for-profit companies in the distribution and marketing of tissue.
Implementing best practice and expert consensus procedures
Authors: Corcoran Kevin , Vandiver Vikki L
Published: November 2023

Evidence-based practice (EBP) reflects the continuum in the development of the scientific revolution. Prior to the scientific revolution, methods of answering questions were paramount to the accuracy of the answer (Dear, 2001). The scientific revolution, in contrast, improved the soundness of the methods in order to increase the likelihood of more accurate observations. Improved methods tended to provide more persuasive evidence. Evidence-based practice is generally this same scientific revolution. It is a process of utilizing a variety of databases to find an appropriate guide to an intervention for a particular diagnostic condition (Vandiver, 2002; Vandiver, Corcoran, 2002). The goal is to select the most accurate, valid if you will, information derived from the best available methods. This may, as is often the case for theory development, be an in-depth description of a single case or a few cases, for example, Piaget’s small children, J.B. Watson’s Baby Albert, Skinner’s few pigeons and only daughter, and, yes, even Freud’s cases. While the accuracy of these examples varies considerably, what is common to them all is that social scientists have used more rigorous methods to test, support, refute, and revise these and other areas of case assessment in the behavioral and social sciences.
Treatment evidence in a non-experimenting Practice environment: Some Recommendations for Increasing Supply and Demand
Authors: Camasso Michael J
Published: November 2023

Evidence-based practice has become a fashionable theme in contemporary discussions of social work interventions. Gambrill’s (1999, 2001) important essays calling for a social work practice built upon a bedrock of empirical research are among the spate of recent publications that feature “evidence-based” or “empirical-based practice” (Corcoran, 2000; Cournoyer, Powers, 2002; Lloyd, 1998; Thyer, Wodarski, 1998; Vandiver, 2002). This is not to say that empirical research has become the sole or even main source that guides client intervention; the broad consensus in social work would appear to indicate otherwise. Evidence-based practice, defined as practice based on empirical studies preappraised for scientific validity and prescreened for clinical relevance (Gambrill, 2001), remains far less common than practice that sterns from authority, face validity, practice wisdom, common practice, and the principle of the respectable minority (Beutler, 2000; Gambrill, 1999; Reid, 1997; Rosen, Proctor, Morrow-Howell,, Staudt, 1995).
Treating Juvenile Delinquents With Conduct Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, And Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Authors: Springer David W
Published: November 2023

Juvenile delinquents with externalizing disorders are a challenging, yet rewarding, population to treat. The externalizing disorders-namely, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)-are some of the most common encountered by practitioners working with juvenile delinquents (Kazdin, 2002; Kronenberger, Meyer, 2001). In studies of community and clinic samples, a large percentage of youths with CD or ADHD (e.g., 45% to 70%) also met criteria for the other disorder (Fergusson, Horwood,, Lloyd, 1991), and comorbidity between CD and ODD, anxiety disorders, and depression is common as well (Kazdin, 2002). In a recent epidemiological study that examined psychiatric disorders in juvenile delinquents (Teplin, Abram, McClelland, Dulcan,, Mericle, 2002), the most common disorders were substance use disorders and disruptive behavior disorders (ODD and CD), with more than 40% of males and females meeting criteria for a disruptive behavior disorder. Accordingly, this chapter presents a case exemplar of treating a juvenile delinquent dually diagnosed with conduct disorder and alcohol abuse.
Epidemiology Basics And Foundation Skills
Authors: Streiner David L
Published: November 2023

No, you have not inadvertently picked up the wrong book; this is not (as some people might believe) a chapter on skin diseases. In fact, the root of the word epidemiology is epidemic, not epidermis. The full derivation is from the Greek epi, meaning “among,” and demos, meaning “the people.” Last’s Dictionary of Epidemiology (2001) defines it as “the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control of health problems” (p. 62), which really does not help too much in explaining the term. Somewhat more useful is Alderson’s (1983) description of three types of studies used in epidemiological research.
Application Of Remote Sensing For Disease Surveillance In Urban And Suburban Areas
Authors: Tran Annelise
Published: November 2023

For 30 years the use of remotely sensed data (satellite images, aerial photographs, etc.) in epidemiological studies has become more and more frequent (Boone, McGwire, Otteson, et al., 2000; Cline, 1970). Indeed, because it provides information on the environment, remote sensing offers an important potential for the study of diseases related to environmental conditions (Curran, Atkinson, Foody, et al., 2000). In particular, remote sensing is of particular relevance for the comprehension and modeling of vectorborne diseases, the spatial distribution of which is related to the vector habitat (Linthicum, Anyamba, Tucker, et al., 1999; Thomson, Connor, Milligan, et al., 1997). The main difficulty with the use of this kind of data is in establishing successive links between the information contained in the remotely sensed image and the risk of disease. This relationship is particularly difficult to clarify in urban or suburban areas, where the application of remote sensing is limited by the satellite images’ spatial resolution and landscape complexity (Beck, Lobitz,, Wood, 2000).
Prevalence Of Smoking And Cessation Among Northern Plains Indians
Authors: Holzman Greg
Published: November 2023

Cigarette smoking is a leading behavioral cause of death in the United States (McGinnis, Foege, 1993). Although an estimated 23% of the general adult population smokes cigarettes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2002), the prevalence of this preventable cause of illness and death is much higher for some subgroups in the population, notably American Indians and Alaskan Natives (Bursae, Campbell, 2002; Denny, Holtzman, 1999; Kaplan, Lanier, Merritt,, Siegel, 1997) and specifically Northern Plains American Indians (Denny, Holtzman, 1999; Goldberg et al., 1991; Sugarman, Warren, Oge,, Helgerson, 1992; Welty et al., 1995). American Indians of the northern plains have higher cardiovascular and cancer mortality rates than American Indians from other regions of the United States (U.S. Indian Health Service, Regional differences in Indian health: 1998-99). This is likely associated with the higher prevalence of smoking in this group. Efficacious smoking cessation methods have been demonstrated (Fiore, U. S. Tobacco Use and Dependence Guideline Panel, 2000). Unfortunately, these evidence-based methods have not been systematically applied among American Indians in the northern plains.