bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF THE INDOOR AIR PURIFICATION BY PHOTOCATALYTIC PAINTS
Authors: Salvadores Federico , Alfano Orlando Mario , Ballari María de los Milagros
Published: March 2021

Photocatalytic building materials containing TiO2 were extensively studied for outdoor applications using solar radiation. Nowadays, the market offers a wide variety of these materials with self-cleaning and air purification functionalities. However, heterogeneous photocatalysis applied in indoor construction materials was less developed. The objective of this work is to investigate the photocatalytic performance of carbon doped TiO2 in replacement of the normal pigments in indoor wall paint formulations. To achieve this goal, the photocatalytic oxidation of acetaldehyde in gas phase was carried out. The air decontamination process was conducted using regular indoor light in a bench scale chamber photoreactor simulating a room. The main environmental conditions that affect the photocatalytic process were varied: air flow rate, irradiance, relative humidity and acetaldehyde concentration. The results were analyzed through the response surface methodology and revealed the air purifying power of photocatalytic paints under indoor conditions.
THE FOAM-MAT CONVECTIVE AND MICROWAVE DRIED AVOCADO POWDER: PHYSICAL, FUNCTIONAL, AND POWDER PROPERTIES
Authors: Çalışkan Koç Gülşah , Yüksel Ayşe Nur
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to produce hot air (60-80°C and 20% ventilation rate) and microwave (120-700W) assisted foam mat dried avocado powders and to determine the effect of different drying temperatures and microwave powers on physical, functional, and powder properties of avocado powders. Significantly lower drying times were observed for the microwave assisted foam-mat dried avocado powder (p<0.05). Microwave assisted foam-mat dried avocado powders have superior properties in moisture content and flow properties (p<0.05), whereas comparatively better results were obtained for hot air assisted foam mat dried avocado powder for wettability and solubility times. The changes in ash content, pH, water holding capacity, bulk and tapped densities, Carr Index and Hausner Ratio values followed a quadratic trend depending on both drying temperature and microwave power. Principal component analysis indicated that there is a convenient relation between the avocado powders which were dried at different drying techniques and conditions.
DRYING KINETICS AND CHANGES IN COLOR PARAMETERS WHEN DRYING GREEN PEA (Pisum Sativum l.) IN MICROWAVE
Authors: Kayisoglu Serap
Published: March 2021

This research was conducted to determine the drying, rehydration behavior and color parameters changes of green peas when microwave drying at different temperatures. For drying, 6 drying kinetics models were applied. The values of L*, a*, b*, C* and Ho were measured to determine the effect of the microwave drying on the color parameters. The most suitable model was the parabolic model in microwave drying of green peas. Effective diffusion coefficients changed between 2.50x10-9 m2s-1 and 8.16x10-9 m2s-1. The activation energy was found as 1279.7 W/g. Equilibrium moisture contents ranged from 1.982 to 2.491 according to the Peleg Model and could not reach the initial moisture content at all microwave output powers after rehydration. L*, a* and b* color parameters were significantly influenced by microwave drying, while C* and Ho values were not the much affected.
SIMULATION OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS FOR THE NON-UNIFORM LOADING OF BIOWASTE GENERATED FROM AN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
Authors: Glivin Godwin , Sekhar Joseph
Published: March 2021

The environmental impacts of conventional energy sources and the importance given to renewable energy technologies lead to the use of bio-gas in a number of applications such as power gen-eration, heating and refrigeration. The quantity and quality of biogas depend on the ingredients and their compositions in the biowaste. In this present work, analytical and experimental studies have been con-ducted to predict the generation of methane from the biowastes produced in an educational institution where the availability of biowaste is not uniform throughout an academic year. The Anaerobic Diges-tion Model 1 (ADM1) is used for analytical studies, and four portable anaerobic digesters, manufactured by fibre-reinforced plastic, are used in the experi-mental investigation. The observations show that the biogas produced from the wastes available in the educational institution could substitute 30 to 35% of the conventional cooking energy used inside the campus, and average methane contents in the biogas produced from cow dung, rice waste, mixed rice waste and vegetable waste are 58.01 %, 51.96 %, 54.85 %, and 52.28 % respectively. It is also ob-served that the yield and the quality of biogas are influenced by the uniformity in organic loading.
STUDY OF THE STABILITY AND RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF THE PULP OF BACURI (Platonia insignis Mart.)
Authors: Guida I.I.S. , Villa-Velez H.A. , Santana A.A. , Sampaio Romildo Martins
Published: March 2021

This work aimed to study the physical-chemical properties, stability and rheology of the natural and diluted pulp of bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart.). The pulp was characterized through chemi-cal and physical analyses. The study of stability involved the evaluation of the sedimentation index and turbidity, in addition to rheological properties at 10, 35 and 60 oC. The results showed that bacuri pulp represents an important source of dietary fiber, with a greater protein content and antioxidant activity than other bacuri genotypes. The rheological data were adjusted by the Power Law model, indicating that the pulp in natura and diluted consistencies pre-sents a non-Newtonian behavior of the pseudoplastic type. As expected for fruit pulps, an inverse relation-ship was found between the consistency index and the temperature, as well as a direct relationship be-tween the consistency index and the soluble solids content.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON HEAT TRANSFER CALCULATION IN TRANSITION AND TURBULENT FLOW REGIME INSIDE TUBES
Authors: Camaraza-Medina Yanan , Hernández-Guerrero Abel , Luviano-Ortiz José Luis
Published: March 2021

In this paper is compared a proposal model for heat transfer calculations during fluid flow in single-phase inside tubes with others existing in the literature. This comparison used 3096 available experimental data of 36 different fluids. The proposal model is valid for a range from to  and 0.65 to  for Reynolds and Prandtl number respectively, dimensionless length values  and viscosity correction in the interval . The comparison proves that the suggested model presents the better index of correlation, being found an average error of 13.8% in the 80.6% of the experimental data and a maximum error of 24.6%.
THE EFFECT OF THE COMPOSITION OF MIXTURES OF CONDENSED FRACTIONS OF A VENEZUELAN RESIDUE ON THE QUALITY OF THE PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM DELAYED COKING
Authors: Meza Alejandra , Nava A. , Velazquez J. , Perez Santodomingo Narciso Andres , Rincón G.
Published: March 2021

The effect of the composition of resin and asphaltene on the quality of products obtained from delayed coking was evaluated. 10 mixtures with a controlled composition of S.A.R.A. (Saturates, Aromatic, Resin, Asphaltene) fractions with high percentage of resin and asphaltene, from a vacuum residue of Venezuelan crude commercially known as “Merey”, were processed in a delayed coking unit at laboratory scale. The physic-chemical characteristics of the mixtures and products (distilled and coke) were obtained. Results indicate that on increasing the resin and asphaltene content, there is a decrease in the content of volatile material and an increase in fixed carbon and ash. Metal and sulphur content were found in a lesser proportion in coke from the mixtures rich in resin while said content was higher for the mixtures rich in asphaltene. This showed the impact that the S.A.R.A composition of the feed has on the quality of the products obtained.
APPLICATION OF TAGUCHI EXPERIMENTAL METHOD IN NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF VARIABLE VISCOSITY AND INTERNAL HEAT GENERATION EFFECTS ON NATURAL CONVECTION IN POROUS MEDIA
Authors: Tu Ken Ming , Yih Kuo Ann , Chou Jyh Horng
Published: March 2021

This study uses an optimization approach representation of the numerical solution for the variable viscosity, the uniform blowing/suction and the internal heat source effects on the free convection flow over a vertical permeable plate in porous media with a non-linear Boussinesq approximation. The internal heat source is of an exponential decaying form. The partial differential equations are transformed into non-similar equations and solved by Keller box method (KBM). Compared with the previously published articles, the results are considered to be very consistent. Numerical results for the local Nusselt number with the four parameters: 1) the blowing/suction parameter , 2) the viscosity-variation parameter , 3) internal heat source coefficient , 4) the non-linear temperature parameter  are expressed in tables. Through the Taguchi method to predict the best point of the maximum of local Nusselt number is , , , .
OPERATIONAL INFLUENCE OF THE MONO-CHAMBER AERATION MODE IN THE LOOP SEAL OF A CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED
Authors: De Oliveira Fernanda , Santos Furquim Guilherme , Ochoski Machado Vitor Otávio , Parise Maria Regina , Ramírez Behainne Jhon Jairo
Published: March 2021

Fluidization numbers varying from 0.84 to 1.68 were used in the loop seal valve of a bench-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) system to analyze the influence of the mono-chamber aeration mode on both the solids circulation rate and the static pressure drop inside the solids recycle device. Runs were carried out using 4 kg of overall solids inventory and particles of 183 µm in Sauter mean diameter, which were kept under fast fluidization regime at superficial gas velocity of 4 m/s. Results showed that the choice of the chamber to be aerated can noticeably affect the gas-solid hydrodynamics. In this sense, the analysis of variance applied on the experimental data indicated that the aeration into the recycle chamber of the loop seal offers lower levels of solids circulation rate but also allows to control it within a wider range of fluidization numbers and with less pressure drop or energy demand.
EVALUATION OF BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM SUGARCANE VINASSE IN AN ANAEROBIC FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR WITHOUT PH CONTROL
Authors: Gois Georgia , Macêdo Williane , Santana Peiter Fernanda , Chaves Taciana , Sales Vinícius , Barbosa Pablo , Abud Ana , Amorim Eduardo Lucena Cavalcante
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to produce biohydrogen from sugarcane vinasse in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor operated at ambient temperature (26-35 °C) with a progressive increase of the organic load rate (OLR) (17-155 kg-COD m-3 d-1) and without influent pH control. Hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 12, 6 and 4 h were applied to increase the OLR. The highest hydrogen yield, hydrogen production rate and percentage of hydrogen in the biogas were obtained in the HRT of 4 h, corresponding to the values of 2.40 mol-H2 mol-1-carbohydrate, 0.33 L-H2 h-1 L-1-reactor, and 33%, respectively. The butyric acid fermentative route was favored in the process. The PCR/DGGE analysis showed that the microbial community structure was modified along operational stages and increasing OLR caused an increase in microbial diversity. The results indicate that biohydrogen production from anaerobic digestion of sugarcane vinasse can be achieved with no alkalization pretreatment.
A PERFECT MAN IN SUFISM ESSENCE OF SPIRITUAL MEASURES AND ITS CRITERIA
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Repubic of Uzbekistan, Salomova Hakima Yusupovna
Published: March 2021

This article reveals the nature of spiritual measure, its essence. The complexity of spiritual principles, their criteria, stability and variability, and the dialectic links between spiritual measure and perfect man are defined. Professional, clean, honest living through a human quality, a way to approach Allah, and those with a spiritual patron of Abdukholik Gijduvoni dictated their spiritual followers of Bahauddin Naqshbandi.
CHULPAN AND MODERN UZBEK SINGING
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Repubic of Uzbekistan, Madrimov Bakhrom Khudoynazarovich , Nayimova Munisa
Published: March 2021

This article is devoted to the work of the Uzbek poet A. Chulpan, whose lyrical lines are the basis of both national classical songs and modern ones. Abdulhamid Cholpon is one of the brightest representatives of the new Uzbek literature. The author of the article pays special attention to such works of Chulpan as “Guzal”, “Kalandar Ishki”, and “Uyqu”.
IMPORTANCE AND ROLE OF ZI ANCE AND ROLE OF ZIYARAH TOURISM IN RAISING OURISM IN RAISING TOURISM PO OURISM POTENTIAL OF BUKH AL OF BUKHARA REGION
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Repubic of Uzbekistan, Navruz-zoda Bakhtiyor Nematovich , Najmiddinov Sultan Nuraliogli
Published: March 2021

This article outlines the importance of Ziyarah tourism and positive changes for the development of touristic potential in Bukhara region.In particular, related Ziyorah tourism in Bukhara there has been taken one of the measures , the I-International Ziyarah Tourism Forum, and the signing of the Bukhara Declaration this year. As well as it provides information about the tourist potential of the region and the foreigners' recognition and, there are conclusions regarding the sharp increase in the number of tourists in the region in the forthcoming years.
THRESHOLD EIGENVALUES AND RESONANCES OF A FRIEDRICHS MODEL WITH RANK TWO PERTURBATION
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Repubic of Uzbekistan, Rasulov Tulkin Husenovich
Published: March 2021

In this paper in the Hilbert space a bounded self-adjoint Friedrichs model with rank two perturbation is considered. Number and location of the eigenvalues of are studied. An existence conditions of these eigenvalues are found. Under some conditions we prove that the lower (upper) bound of the essential spectrum of is either threshold eigenvalue or virtual level of .
THE TURKISTANI MEDIA IN THE TURKISH REPUBLIC (1920-1960)
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Repubic of Uzbekistan, Hayitov Shodmon Akhmadovich
Published: March 2021

In the following article the data on media outlets of the turkistanis who were sent to emigration during the soviet authorities in 1920-1960 s. are scientifically reconsidered based on the sources. Along with articles on the history of Turkestan, excerpts from poems and works of art in the spirit of independence were published on their pages. This served to form a national consciousness, political and legal culture among Uzbek migrants
THE IMPORTANCE OF TERMINOLOGY IN LINGUISTICS
Authors:   Universite d’Etat de Boukhara of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Kuldashova Navbakhor Bobokulovna , Xamidova Muborak Xafizovna , Kuldashova Navbakhor Bobokulovna , Khamidova Muborak Khafizovna ,   Bukhara State University of the Repubic of Uzbekistan
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the history of the emergence of the word terminology, its place in linguistics and features. The theory of terminology is between two postulates: on the one hand, conceptual terminology fabricated in the absolute by terminologists, and on the other, contextual terminology, which is observed during the automated use of texts. Also considered are the theoretical views of scientists regarding terminology
INTERPRETATION OF TEXT AND QUESTIONS REL TION OF TEXT AND QUESTIONS RELATED TO THIS MATTER IN FOREIGN LINGUISTICS
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Repubic of Uzbekistan, Zikrillaev Gani Nasrullaevich , Jumaev Erkin Boltaevich
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the process of forming of text linguistics and text grammar in foreign linguistics, totaling of text grammar, also interpretation of some opinions on micro-text interpreted as monologic and dialogic speeches including linguistic-communicative features are discusses in the work. Existing ideas about the grammar of the text in foreign linguistics and the integrity of the microtext can be used in the study of text grammar and microtext, which is almost unexplored in Uzbek linguistics.
RECOVERING OF A ST VERING OF A STATIONARY EXTERN Y EXTERNAL FORCE B AL FORCE BY DISTRIBUTIONSRECOVERING OF A ST VERING OF A STATIONARY EXTERN Y EXTERNAL FORCE B AL FORCE BY DISTRIBUTIONS
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Repubic of Uzbekistan, Rahmonov Askar Ahmadovich
Published: March 2021

In the article there is researched how to construct the external force on the stationary wave equation and restores it with generalized functions. This problem hasn’t solved for transcendental cases. We have some a little result for it and the next work we will bring that cases Thus, the theorems of existence and uniqueness have been proved.
CINEMATOGRAPHIC L OGRAPHIC LANGUAGE CONCEPT AND I GE CONCEPT AND ITS PECULIARITIES
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Repubic of Uzbekistan, Shirinova Mekhrigiyo Shokirovna
Published: March 2021

The article lists the concept of cinematic language and its specific features. In order to translate scripts into the language of cinema - screen language, it is necessary to train a specialist called a film editor. A film editor should be aware of both the art of filmmaking and directing, as well as literature and language norms. Only then will the language of cinema be polished and achieve its purpose. Linguistics plays an important role in achieving this goal. Based on these features, it was also suggested that the language of cinema should be studied from a linguistic point of view
Managerial Characteristics as Drivers of Innovation
Authors: Bonyuet Derrick
Published: March 2021

Plenty of powerful and promising companies have failed in the history of Corporate America. While many factors may have contributed to this outcome, lack of innovation is often one of the factors highlighted. After all, innovation, which can be defined as the successful exploitation of new ideas (Nathan & Lee, 2013), has been found to be a strong predictor of a firm’s future returns. However, what drives the creation of successful corporate innovation is not yet fully understood. On this study, I want to focus on managerial characteristics and how such diversity attributes can drive innovation. Joshi & Jackson (2003) define diversity as “the distribution of personal attributes among interdependent members of a work unit.” The combination of these diversity attributes can generate ideas and fresh perspectives feeding the creativity process which in turn will result in innovation. The diversity attributes at the managerial level are critical as the top management team (TMT) has the ability to define the direction of the firm. The purpose of this study is to assess whether diverse managerial characteristics at the TMT level drives firm innovation. This research question is tested using a sample of S&P 500 firms over the period 2010-2017. Innovation is measured by patent filings and citations. The empirical results show diversity traits such as tenure, culture, education and political affiliation do positively influence innovation. Gender, age and job diversity were found not to be significant.
Detentie als proces van beschaving
Authors: Slump Gert Jan , Aicha Achoui Veronique , Douw Frans , van Vliet Jaap A.
Published: March 2021

Detention as a process of civilization. From abolitionism to restorative justice.

In 1985 the Second International Congress on (Prison) Abolitionism took place. The organizers wanted to denounce the formalistic-legal approach to crime and revise the criminal pretensions. The aim was to develop a non-repressive process of conflict regulation. This contribution addresses the question of whether or to what extent the development of restorative justice in recent decades is an extension of the abolitionist perspective. Among other things, the developments in punishment and restorative detention and restorative justice in The Netherlands are discussed. It is concluded that restorative justice in a broad sense- and the introduction of small-scale, tailor-made detention are a realistic, at this time appropriate continuation of the efforts to find solutions for resolving conflicts outside criminal law.
Ticket tariffs modelling in urban and regional public transport
Authors: Czerliński Mirosław , Bańka Michał Sebastian
Published: March 2021

Ticket tariff is an important factor influencing the demand for public transport. Among basic problematics re-garding ticket tariffs are designing new fare systems and optimization of current systems. The task of optimization is influenced by two main factors: ticket prices and the structure of the tariff. Both elements were researched in this article, based on eleven public transport organizers fare systems in Poland – metropolitan areas and cities of a different scale. The purpose of this article was to define basic tariff types used in urban and regional public transport with a presentation of their function models. Ticket tariffs split into two main groups: flat and differen-tial. Differential group of tariffs covers: distance (usually are encountered fares based on a number of kilometres or stops travelled), quality (e.g. different fares on basic and express lines), time (minutes, hours or days of ticket validity, but also different tariff during on-peak and off-peak hours), sections (between which passenger travel on a transit route) and zones (transport network divided into areas, e.g. designated by municipalities bounda-ries) tariffs. The concept of this study was to transform as many tariffs as possible from tabular form to the math-ematical function. Five types of functions were considered for each tariff schematic: linear, power, polynomial, logarithmic and exponential. Functions and associated with them R-squared parameters were obtained as a result of regression analysis. The paper indicates that for time, distance and flat tariffs conformity (R2) was in most cases very high and above 0,90. The results indicate that the power function best describes time tariffs. In the case of distance tariffs, different kind of functions can be used: logarithmic, power or polynomial. The pro-posed function form of tariffs may speed up the process of creating new fare systems or upgrading existing ones. With general knowledge about the structure of tariffs and their function forms, it would be easier to determine the price of different kinds of tickets. New fare integration solutions could be also proposed in the future by using Big Data analysis.
Shear Wave Velocity Analysis of 2-D Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) to investigate subsurface Fault of Alternative Bridge Construction in Kelok Sago Jambi
Authors:   Earth Physics and Complex System Research Group,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute Technology Bandung, Jl. Ganesa no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia, Farhan Muhammad , Handayani Gunawan ,   Earth Physics and Complex System Research Group,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute Technology Bandung, Jl. Ganesa no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Published: March 2021

Every geotechnical measurement requires geophysical methods to classify soil types under the ground. S-wave velocity (Vs), P-wave velocity (Vp), and density (ρ), are the most important parameters in the classification of soils. There are various methods to determine Vs, one of them is P-S logging method. However, this method is less suitable to be applied in urban areas due to the difficulties of data acquisition and high expense in operational costs. In 1999, a seismic method uses surface waves to de-termine Vs profile with a higher signal to noise ratio which was known by the name of Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW). A surface wave, especially Rayleigh wave, creeps slowly on the surface with a larger amplitude than a body wave. The wavelengths of the surface wave will disperse in the layers system i.e. the phase velocity of the surface waves is now func-tion of frequency. MASW 2-D method is used in this paper to determine subsoil properties and to identify the fault under the bridge abutments plan (abutment 1 and abutment 2) in Kelok Sago Jambi.
Protein Domain Annotations of the SARS-CoV-2 Proteomics as a Blue-Print for Mapping the Features for Drug and Vaccine Designs
Authors:   Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Jl. Pulomas Barat Kav.88 Jakarta 13210 Indonesia, Parikesit Arli
Published: March 2021

SARS-CoV-2 virus, as the causal agent for the COVID-19 pandemic, remains an enigma in the bioinformatics sense. Current efforts in drug and vaccine design in primarily targeting general devised protein domain while overlooking the specific features in the proteomics repertoire. However, the NCBI Conserved Domain Database (CDD) could annotate the specific features that are indispensable for a more advanced drug and vaccine design. In this regard, the annotation efforts were initiated with CDD database, and visualized with the 3D Protein Visualizer of Cn3D. The exsistence of the ATP and ADP binding protein with respected domains were found to be a very potential target for drug design. It is recommended that nucleoside inhibitor that could mimick the ATP molecule could serve as a potential drug lead agains SARS-CoV-2.
Telaah bibliometrik pola penyebaran pengetahuan tentang COVID-19 di dunia
Authors:   Fakultas Ilmu dan Teknologi Kebumian, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Irawan Dasapta , Pangarso Astadi ,   Fakultas Komunikasi dan Bisnis, Universitas Telkom, Ridlo Ilham ,   Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Airlangga, Fuad Anis ,   Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is a human tragedy of this century. All countries in the world are racing against time to fight the spread and deadly effects of this virus. This paper is a short meta analysis (short/rapid communications) literature review of COVID-19 / NCOV / Corona Virus in the Scopus, Dimensions, Lens, and Europe PMC database. We aim to find out the profile of publications about Corona Virus in the world, and do a short assessment using the prin-ciples of open access in knowledge distribution. The method used is literature review using commercial and non-commercial databases which are then visualized using simple spreadsheets software. The results of this study indicate that non-commercial databases also need to be used by researchers because they contain a much larger number of documents than major commercial databases. The majority of publications are peer reviewed articles in prestige journals (indicated by a high JIF). Gold OA and hybrid journals are generally chosen although the cost of publication (APC) is very expensive (up to USD 5000). The next option would be a non-OA association journal (eg: JAMA). The research itself was carried out by a small number of countries: Asia (China, Japan, India), the US, Europe (UK and Ger-many), and Saudi Arabia. When linked to the urgency of a pandemic disaster, COVID-19 research, especially those carried out in under-represented countries, needs to maximize the publicity via public repositories (Green OA route) under supervision of research commu-nities to jointly review and test the validity. Publication via journal can be done as a later step.
Status of perennial tree germplasm resources in India and their utilization in the context of global genome sequencing efforts
Authors:   World Agroforestry, Rajarajan Kunasekaran , Bharati Alka , Anuragi Hirdayesh , Kumar Handa Arun , Gaikwad Kishor , Kumar Singh Nagendra , Prasad Mohapatra Kamal , Chandra Puran , Bhanudas Chavan Sangram , Chand Lal , Gupta Veena , Singh Dhillon Ravinder , Sirohi Chhavi , Shirin Fatima , Saravanan Sengodan , R  Ravishankar Kundapura , Sankaran Murugan , Mehta Harsh , Venkatesh Govindarajan , Verma Archana , K Kalia Rajwat , Ghosh Dasgupta Modhumita , Yasodha Ramasamy , Singh Ginwal Harish , Deshmukh Rupesh , Kumar Malik Surendra , Bhaskar Suryanarayan , Nadaf Altafhusain , Nayak Devashree , Kumar Dhyani Shiv , Suresh Hendre Prasad , Rizvi Javed
Published: March 2021

Tree species are characterized by their perennial growth habit, woody morphology, long juvenile period phase, mostly outcrossing behaviour, highly heterozygosity genetic makeup, and relatively high genetic diversity. The economically important trees have been an integral part of the human life system due to their provision of timber, fruit, fodder, and medicinal and/or health benefits. Despite its widespread application in agriculture, industrial and medicinal values, the molecular aspects of key economic traits of many tree species remain largely unexplored. Over the past two decades, research on forest tree genomics has generally lagged behind that of other agronomic crops. Genomic research on trees is motivated by the need to support genetic improvement programmes mostly for food trees and timber, and develop diagnostic tools to assist in recommendation for optimum conservation, restoration and management of natural populations. Research on long-lived woody perennials is extending our molecular knowledge and understanding of complex life histories and adaptations to the environment, enriching a field that has traditionally drawn its biological inference from a few short-lived herbaceous species. These concerns have fostered research aimed at deciphering the genomic basis of complex traits that are related to the adaptive value of trees. This review summarizes the highlights of tree genomics and offers some priorities for accelerating progress in the next decade.
The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining
Authors:   World Agroforestry, Kindt Roeland , K Dawson Ian , B Lillesø Jens-Peter , Muchugi Alice , Pedercini Fabio , M Roshetko James
Published: March 2021

A systematic approach to tree planting and management globally is hindered by the limited synthesis of information sources on tree uses and species priorities. To help address this, the authors ‘mined’ information from 23 online global and regional databases to assemble a list of the most frequent tree species deemed useful for planting according to database mentions, with a focus on tropical regions. Using a simple vote count approach for ranking species, we obtained a shortlist of 100 trees mentioned in at least 10 of our data sources (the ‘top-100’ species). A longer list of 830 trees that were mentioned at least five times was also compiled. Our ‘top-100’ list indicated that the family Fabaceae (syn. Leguminosae) was most common. The information associated with our mined data sources indicated that the ‘top-100’ list consisted of a complementary group of species of differing uses. These included the following: for wood (mostly for timber) and fuel production, human nutrition, animal fodder supply, and environmental service provision (varied services). Of these uses, wood was most frequently specified, with fuel and food use also highly important. Many of the ‘top-100’ species were assigned multiple uses. The majority of the ‘top-100’ species had weediness characteristics according to ‘attribute’ invasiveness databases that were also reviewed, thereby demonstrating potential environmental concerns associated with tree planting that need to be balanced against environmental and livelihood benefits. Less than half of the ‘top-100’ species were included in the OECD Scheme for the Certification of Forest Reproductive Material, thus supporting a view that lack of germplasm access is a common concern for trees. A comparison of the ‘top-100’ species with regionally-defined tree inventories indicated their diverse continental origins, as would be anticipated from a global analysis. However, compared to baseline expectations, some geographic regions were better represented than others. Our analysis assists in priority-setting for research and serves as a guide to practical tree planting initiatives. We stress that this ‘top-100’ list does not necessarily represent tree priorities for the future, but provides a starting point for also addressing representation gaps. Indeed, our primary concern going forward is with the latter.
Drei-Klassen-Gesellschaft? Bruch? Konfrontation? Eine Auseinandersetzung mit Andreas Reckwitz’ Diagnose der »Spätmoderne«
Authors: Kumkar Nils , Schimank Uwe
Published: March 2021

Andreas Reckwitz hat kürzlich mit dem Buch Das Ende der Illusionen (2019) eine einflussreiche Diagnose der aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Situation und ihrer Zukunftsperspektiven vorgelegt, die von uns einer kritischen Würdigung unterzogen wird. Die Attestierung theoretischer Eleganz geht mit einer längeren Mängelliste hinsichtlich der empirischen Haltbarkeit zentraler Thesen einher.
Assessing the Effect of Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine on Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Apoptotic Factors: A Clinical Trial Study in Lumbar Disc Surgery
Authors: Nashibi Masoud , Sezari Parisa , Safari Farahd , Hosaini-Nasab Seyyed-Sam-Mahdi , Mottaghi Kamran
Published: March 2021

Background: Dexmedetomidine protective effects on apoptosis in the brain and peripheral organs have been reported in vivo and in vitro. Apoptotic factors of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may influence the prognosis of patients undergoing open discectomy surgery. Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine administration on the CSF levels of apoptotic factors and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing lumbar discectomy. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on patients undergoing open lumbar discectomy. Forty patients were randomly divided into control and dexmedetomidine groups. In the dexmedetomidine group, 0.1 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine was intrathecally injected after anesthesia induction. Patients’ hemodynamic status during surgery was recorded; additionally, their pain scores were recorded by the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) in the recovery room. The levels of apoptotic factors including Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in the CSF were measured at the beginning and end of discectomy, and the results were compared between the two groups. Results: Of the 40 evaluated patients, the mean levels of caspase-3 in the intervention and control groups were 2.28 ± 0.35 and 2.34 ± 0.32 ng/mL before surgery and 2.56 ± 0.42 and 2.72 ± 0.39 ng/mL after surgery, respectively. The levels of Bax/Bcl-2 in the intervention and control groups were 1.01 ± 0.11 and 0.89 ± 0.07 before surgery and 1.28 ± 0.14 and 1.16 ± 0.19 after surgery, respectively. The levels of these two factors were not significantly different. However, the NRS scores were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the control group. Conclusions: Intrathecal dexmedetomidine could significantly and safely reduce the NRS score in the intervention group but did not have any significant effect on the CSF levels of apoptotic factors before and after lumbar discectomy surgery.
Speaking of Derrida in Turkey
Authors: Direk Zeynep ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2021

This article takes up Derrida’s discussion of secularism as a development in Western Christian tradition and history and in his deconstruction of the opposition between secular and religious in “Faith and Knowledge: Two Sources of “Religion”at the Limits of Reason Alone.” What are the implications of Derrida’s discussion of originary faith in Turkey that has a majority of Muslim population, and a history of modernization and secularization? Should Turkey renounce secularism in education because it is not “really” part of its own tradition? Is a secular school system an oppressive institution for people born in a Muslim family because it alienates children from their own cultural traditions? I refer to Derrida’s deconstruction of identity, his discussion of tele-technology, return of the religious, auto-immunity, and sovereignty to find answers to such questions. I think they give us valuable insights to construe a Derridean response to the present problems, even though I am also critical about Derrida’s failure to acknowledge the need for universal secular norms in school education.
Tracks: A Material Phenomenology of the Road
Authors: Seitz Brian ,   International Association for Environmental Philosophy
Published: March 2021

This project is a convergence of environmental philosophy and variant strains of continental philosophy. The aim is to make the familiar a bit unfamiliar, partly by understanding the road as an event, and partly by experimentally downplaying the significance of human intentions, particularly given that originary tracks were frequently the result of simple useage. We humans are always on the road, which in a fundamental sense is going nowhere or, alternatively, is possibly heading toward a dead-end.
Epistrophe and Metanoia in the History of Philosophy
Authors: Hadot Pierre , Irvine Andrew ,   DePaul University
Published: March 2021

Crucial in Pierre Hadot’s account of ancient philosophy as a way of life is the phenomenon of conversion. Well before he encountered some of the decisive influences upon his understanding of philosophy, Hadot already understood ancient philosophy and its long legacy in later thinkers of the West as much more than a formal discourse. Philosophy is an experience, or at least the exploration and articulation of a potential for experience. The energy of this potential originates in a polar tension between epistrophe (return) and metanoia (rebirth). The two poles, which are grounded in primal experiences of the living organism, motivate and model the conversion which must be lived by the philosopher. The genius of Western philosophical experience lies in the effort to synthesize return and rebirth, and thereby recover the self as an ontological point of identification with and origin of the cosmos.
Kjønnslikestilling i norsk innvandringspolitikk
Authors: Bjørnaas Therese Marie Ignacio
Published: March 2021

I de siste 20 årene har vi i både norsk og europeisk politikk sett en sterk tendens til at ideer om kjønnslikestilling og kvinnelig frigjøring fra patriarkalske normer er blitt til et potent instrument for politikere som ønsker å framstille islam som en kvinnefiendtlig religion og muslimske innvandrede som en trussel mot vestlige verdier. Denne artikkelen undersøker hvordan Fremskrittspartiets leder, Siv Jensen, bruker kjønnslikestilling som norsk og vestlig verdi for å framstille islam som en kvinnefiendtlig religion. Artikkelen argumenterer for at Jensens feministisk kampsak, produserer muslimske kvinner som passive ofre i hendene på islam og gjenspeiler den kolonialistiske holdningen som blir beskrevet gjennom Gayatri C. Spivaks kjente formulering: «White (wo)-men are saving brown women from brown men.» Ved hjelp av innsikter fra postkolonial teori og kjennetegn på islamofobisk diskurs viser jeg hvordan Jensens politiske utsagn fremmedgjør muslimer og framstiller dem som usiviliserte og underlegne i forhold til norsk og vestlig kultur. Dette impliserer et motsetningsforhold mellom de primitive, irrasjonelle og undertrykte muslimene og den moderne, fornuftige og frie vestlige individet. Artikkelen argumenterer for at Jensens politikk er en idealisering av det vestlige og det norske, hvor vestlig identitet er betinget av en «annengjøring» av muslimsk identitet. Jensen framstiller muslimene som en trussel for Norge, men artikkelen viser at Jensen er fullstendig avhengig av muslimsk nærvær for å opprettholde forestillingen om at Norge er verdensmester i kjønnslikestilling.
Physico-chemical, Alveograph and Anti-nutritional Properties of Breads Formulated from Wheat and Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Seed Flour Blends
Authors: Ibrahim S. , Inelo E. D. , Eke M. O.
Published: March 2021

The feasibility of partially substituting wheat flour with pawpaw seed (WFPS) flour in bread formulation was investigated. Matured, ripped pawpaw fruits were washed, and the seeds were collected, extracted, dried and milled. Different proportions of wheat and pawpaw seed flour with increasing level of pawpaw seed flour at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 % addition in wheat were prepared. Control sample was 100 % wheat flour and its bread. The physical properties of breads and alveograph properties of dough blends were determined. Also, the mineral and anti-nutritional contents of the bread samples were determined using standard procedures. The GENSTAT Statistical Software (version 17.0) was used for data analyses. Physical properties of the bread samples significantly (p<0.05) decreased in oven spring (5.49-2.39 cm), loaf volume (1022.50-901.60 cm3) and specific volume (4.09-3.14 cm3/g) but increased in loaf weight (250.20-288.50 g) with increased pawpaw seed flour addition. Values for dough maximum pressure (91.00-109.50 mm), extensibility (80.50-54.50 mm) and baking strength (255.00-237.50 ×10-4joules/g) significantly (p<0.05) decreased while the ratio of resistance to extensibility increased (1.36-1.66) with increased seed flour addition. The result of the mineral analysis of the breads showed significant (p<0.05) increase in all the mineral parameters determined. High values were recorded in magnesium (143.00-182.50 mg/100g), calcium (252.60-342.60 mg/100g) and phosphorus (73.50-127.30 mg/100g). The anti-nutritional contents of the breads significantly (p<0.05) increased as the level of pawpaw seed flour substitution increased. Tannins, oxalate, Phytate, and Trypsin inhibitor ranged from 1.76-2.68 mg/100g, 0.06-0.28 mg/100g, 0.06-0.29 mg/100g and 1.28-9.71 TIU/100g respectively.
Characterization of the Structure of 2-(4-methyl-2 Phenyl-4, 5-dihydrooxazol-4-ylmethyl)-isoindole-1, 3-dione by 1D, COSY and HSQC 2D NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Dioukhane Khadim , Aouine Younas , Nakkabi Asmae , Boukhssas Salaheddine , Faraj Hassane , Alami Anouar
Published: March 2021

The identity of the 2-(4-Methyl-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-4-ylmethyl)-isoindole-1,3-dione, previously synthesized in our laboratory, was proven without doubt by means of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy played a major role. The analysis of the 2D-COSY spectrum of isoindoline-1,3-dione derivative shows a perfect correlation between neighboring protons. Thus, a correlation was noted between the protons of the phthalimide, H(8) and H(9) on the one hand and H(8') and H(9') on the other hand. The analysis of the 2D-HSQC spectrum of the studied compound indicates a faultless correlation between protons and adjacent carbons, and no correlation in the case of all quaternary carbons.
Residual Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Nodulation, Yield, Quality and Available Nutrient Status in Soil after Harvest of Greengram
Authors: Mangaraj S. , Paikaray R. K. , Jena S. N. , Mishra K. N. , Swain B.
Published: March 2021

A field study was carried out during rabi seasons in 2017-18 and 2018-19 after harvest of rice to reveal the residual effect of integrated nutrient management on nodulation, yield, quality and available nutrient status in soil after harvest of greengram at Instructional Farm of College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar. The maximum number of root nodules/plant at 30 DAS and 45 DAS in greengram (5.86, 6.19 and 12.49 and 12.94in 2017 and 2018 respectively) were recorded in the subplot treatment of 75% RDF+ rhizobium + PSB and lowest values were obtained in 75% RDF treatment. Similarly in main plot, residual effect of 50% RDF+50% RDN through FYM showed significantly higher number of root nodules/plant during both the years of study which remained at par with 75 % RDF+ Green manuring. Lowest values were obtained from only RDF treatment. Residual effect of 50 % RDF+50 % RDN through FYM showed significantly higher protein % (24.2 and 24) and protein yield (194.3 and 196.2) during both the years of study which remained at par with 75 % RDF+ Green manuring treatment. Residual effect of 75 % RDF+ Green manuring treatment recorded higher increase in soil organic carbon (4.87 g/kg), available N(225.7 kg/ha), Available P (26.2 kg/ha) and available K (296.0 kg/ha) than all other treatment combinations. The residual treatment 50% RDF+25% RDN through FYM recorded the lowest values of soil nutrient status after harvest of greengram. Similarly the sub plot treatment receiving 75% RDF+ Rhizobium+ PSB recorded significantly higher soil organic carbon (4.67 g/kg), available N(217.1 kg/ha), Available P (22.8 kg/ha) and available K (291.8 kg/ha) than 100% RDF and 75% RDF.
Evaluation of Construction Materials Cost Reduction Measures in Building Industry in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ikechukwu Uche Felix
Published: March 2021

Cost reduction measure on construction materials is very critical in the effectiveness of any construction material management. Negligence on this frustrates the integrated effort deployed in cost control of any building project. As the study aims at assessing the impact of some building material cost reduction strategies with regard to their sourcing, applications and designs for affordable houses, field survey research design method and activity sampling involving some of the major building materials were adopted. Data were analyzed using some non parametric tools like likert scale and chi-square to rank the level of effectiveness of the various materials’ cost reduction measures in the industry. It was also used to determine the impact level of the material management on the overall cost of the materials used in the construction of public building in Owerri. Spearman rank correlation coefficient was also used to examine the strength of relationship between the two major sources of the information.  Findings in the study reveal that local sourcing of materials is the most significant method of material management in cost reduction. Other methods in their order of significance for cost reduction are quality assurance, economic design and specification, and on-site production of materials. The various percentage cost effects however are found to be significantly dependent on the methods of material management adopted for the materials’ cost reduction in the study. It is therefore recommended that an effective legislative back-up be instituted with a very strong awareness on the need for robust development of local construction material resources, as well as advocate for more practical contact hours on the stressed areas in the appropriate curriculum of the building profession in all the tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Finally, appropriate checklist/indices for check-mating quality assurance on professional personnel and materials schedules; as well as enforcement of ‘buildability’ and maintainability analyses of building projects should be encouraged in the study area.
Self-Care Practices among Diabetic Patients in Selected Sub-Metropolitan Cities of Nepal
Authors: Karki Supendra , Pandey Srijana , Shedain Purusotam Raj
Published: March 2021

Aims: Diabetes self-care requires a multipronged approach, wherein the diabetic patient has a significant role to play. This study was undertaken to explore self-care practices of diabetic patients residing in two sub-metropolitan cities of Nepal.

Study Design: A cross-sectional comparative study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out from March 2019 to June 2020.

Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study was done among 415 diabetic patients aged above 25 years. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A structured questionnaire was adopted and making necessary contextual to collect the data. Descriptive statistics along with association between means, t-tests and ANOVA were calculated and a p < 0.05 was considered significant for data analysis.

Results: Regarding the diabetes self-care activities in different domains with respect to sociodemographic independent variables, blood sugar testing and foot care was a statistically significant associated with education i.e.  (p= 0.018) and (p=0.003) simultaneously. The study also reveals that specific diet, physical activity/exercise and blood sugar testing are significantly associated with HbA1c of diabetic patients. i.e. (p=0.003), (p=0.004) and (p=0.037) respectively.

Conclusion: The general awareness regarding both general and specific diet, physical activity/exercise, blood sugar testing, foot care and medications were poor in our study. More strategies need to be explored to make sure patients adhere to self-care activities.