bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of cycling specialization on effort and physiological responses to uphill and flat cycling at similar intensity
Authors: Gandia Soriano Alexis , Carpes Felipe P. , Rodríguez Fernández Alejandro , Priego‐Quesada Jose Ignacio
Published: June 2020

Power output is considered one of the best tools to control external loads in cycling, but the relationship between a target power output and the physiological responses may suffer from the effects of road gradient, which is also affected by cyclist specialization. The objective was to determine the effects of cyclist specialization on effort perception and physiological response (heart rate and lactate concentration) while sustaining efforts at similar power output but riding on two different road gradients. Nineteen male competitive road cyclists performed two randomized trials of 10 min at 0% (velodrome) and 10 min at 6% road gradient (field uphill), at an intensity of 10% ± 3% below the individual's functional threshold power. Cadence was kept between 75 and 80 rpm in both trials and posture remained unchanged during the tests. Heart rate, speed, cadence, power output, blood lactate, and rate of perceived effort were measured for each trial. K‐means cluster analyses differentiate uphill (n = 10) and flat specialists (n = 9) according to lactate responses. Flat specialists presented lower heart rate (p < 0.001 and ES = 0.2), perceived exertion (p < 0.01 and ES = 0.7), and blood lactate concentration (p < 0.001 and ES = 0.7) riding on the flat than uphill. Uphill specialists presented lower perceived exertion (p < 0.01 and ES = 0.8) and blood lactate concentration (p < 0.01 and ES = 0.5) riding uphill than on the flat. In conclusion, the combination of cyclist specialization and road gradient affects physiological and effort perception parameters in response to a similar power output demand. These factors deserve attention in training schedules and monitoring performance using power output data.
Critical role of mitochondrial ubiquitination and the OPTN–ATG9A axis in mitophagy
Authors: Yamano Koji , Kikuchi Reika , Kojima Waka , Hayashida Ryota , Koyano Fumika , Kawawaki Junko , Shoda Takuji , Demizu Yosuke , Naito Mikihiko , Tanaka Keiji , Matsuda Noriyuki
Published: June 2020

Damaged mitochondria are selectively eliminated in a process called mitophagy. Parkin and PINK1, proteins mutated in Parkinson’s disease, amplify ubiquitin signals on damaged mitochondria with the subsequent activation of autophagic machinery. Autophagy adaptors are thought to link ubiquitinated mitochondria and autophagy through ATG8 protein binding. Here, we establish methods for inducing mitophagy by mitochondria-targeted ubiquitin chains and chemical-induced mitochondrial ubiquitination. Using these tools, we reveal that the ubiquitin signal is sufficient for mitophagy and that PINK1 and Parkin are unnecessary for autophagy activation per se. Furthermore, using phase-separated fluorescent foci, we show that the critical autophagy adaptor OPTN forms a complex with ATG9A vesicles. Disruption of OPTN–ATG9A interactions does not induce mitophagy. Therefore, in addition to binding ATG8 proteins, the critical autophagy adaptors also bind the autophagy core units that contribute to the formation of multivalent interactions in the de novo synthesis of autophagosomal membranes near ubiquitinated mitochondria.
Optimality and universality in quantum Zeno dynamics
Authors: Belan Sergey , Parfenyev Vladimir
Published: June 2020

The effective lifetime of a quantum state can increase (the quantum Zeno effect) or decrease (the quantum anti-Zeno effect) in the response to increasing frequency of the repeated measurements and the multiple transitions between these two regimes are potentially possible within the same system. An interesting question arising in this regards is how to choose the optimal schedule of repeated measurements to achieve the maximal possible decay rate of a given quantum state. Addressing the issue of optimality in the quantum Zeno dynamics, we derive a range of rigorous results, which are, due to generality of the theoretical framework adopted here, applicable to the majority of models appeared in the quantum Zeno literature. In particular, we prove the universal dominance of the regular stroboscopic sampling in the sense that it always provides the shortest expected decay time among all possible measurement procedures. However, the implementation of the stroboscopic protocol requires the knowledge of the optimal sampling period which may depend on the fine details of the quantum problem. We demonstrate that this difficulty can be overcome with the tricky non-regular measurement schedule inspired by the scale-free restart strategy used to speed up the completion of the probabilistic algorithms and Internet tasks in computer science as it allows to achieve a near-optimal decay rate in the absence of detailed knowledge of the underlying quantum statistics. Besides, our general approach reveals unexpected universality displayed by the quantum systems subject to the optimally tuned rate of Poissonian measurements and the simple statistical criteria to discriminate between Zeno and anti-Zeno regimes following from this universality. We illustrate our findings with an example of Zeno dynamics in the system of optically-trapped ultra-cold atoms and discuss the implications arising from them.
Discontinuous Galerkin discretization for quantum simulation of chemistry
Authors: McClean Jarrod R , Faulstich Fabian M , Zhu Qinyi , O’Gorman Bryan , Qiu Yiheng , White Steven R , Babbush Ryan , Lin Lin
Published: June 2020

All-electron electronic structure methods based on the linear combination of atomic orbitals method with Gaussian basis set discretization offer a well established, compact representation that forms much of the foundation of modern correlated quantum chemistry calculations—on both classical and quantum computers. Despite their ability to describe essential physics with relatively few basis functions, these representations can suffer from a quartic growth of the number of integrals. Recent results have shown that, for some quantum and classical algorithms, moving to representations with diagonal two-body operators can result in dramatically lower asymptotic costs, even if the number of functions required increases significantly. We introduce a way to interpolate between the two regimes in a systematic and controllable manner, such that the number of functions is minimized while maintaining a block-diagonal structure of the two-body operator and desirable properties of an original, primitive basis. Techniques are analyzed for leveraging the structure of this new representation on quantum computers. Empirical results for hydrogen chains suggest a scaling improvement from O(N
4.5) in molecular orbital representations to O(N
2.6) in our representation for quantum evolution in a fault-tolerant setting, and exhibit a constant factor crossover at 15 to 20 atoms. Moreover, we test these methods using modern density matrix renormalization group methods classically, and achieve excellent accuracy with respect to the complete basis set limit with a speedup of 1–2 orders of magnitude with respect to using the primitive or Gaussian basis sets alone. These results suggest our representation provides significant cost reductions while maintaining accuracy relative to molecular orbital or strictly diagonal approaches for modest-sized systems in both classical and quantum computation for correlated systems.
Extreme learning machine adapted to noise based on optimization algorithms
Authors: Vásquez A , Mora M , Salazar E , Gelvez E
Published: June 2020

The extreme learning machine for neural networks of feedforward of a single hidden layer randomly assigns the weights of entry and analytically determines the weights the output by means the Moore-Penrose inverse, this algorithm tends to provide an extremely fast learning speed preserving the adjustment levels achieved by classifiers such as multilayer perception and support vector machine. However, the Moore-Penrose inverse loses precision when using data with additive noise in training. That is why in this paper a method to robustness of extreme learning machine to additive noise proposed. The method consists in computing the weights of the output layer using non-linear optimization algorithms without restrictions. Tests are performed with the gradient descent optimization algorithm and with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. From the implementation it is observed that through the use of these algorithms, smaller errors are achieved than those obtained with the Moore-Penrose inverse.
Conditioning of extreme learning machine for noisy data using heuristic optimization
Authors: Salazar E , Mora M , Vásquez A , Gelvez E
Published: June 2020

This article provides a tool that can be used in the exact sciences to obtain good approximations to reality when noisy data is inevitable. Two heuristic optimization algorithms are implemented: Simulated Annealing and Particle Swarming for the determination of the extreme learning machine output weights. The first operates in a large search space and at each iteration it probabilistically decides between staying at its current state or moving to another. The swarm of particles, it optimizes a problem from a population of candidate solutions, moving them throughout the search space according to position and speed. The methodology consists of building data sets around a polynomial function, implementing the heuristic algorithms and comparing the errors with the traditional computation method using the Moore–Penrose inverse. The results show that the heuristic optimization algorithms implemented improve the estimation of the output weights when the input have highly noisy data.
Assessment of left ventricle dynamic from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging by means a correspondence approach
Authors: Bravo A , Vera M , Valbuena O
Published: June 2020

In this research, an approach to assess the heart dynamics is reported. The cardiac magnetic resonance images are considered for assessing the left ventricle motion and deformation. The shape of the cavity is obtained by means a segmentation procedure based on a clustering algorithm at an initial instant. This three-dimensional structure is used to establish a region of interest around the border of the structure. An optical flow method allows determining the displacement vector of this region and then defining the shapes of the cavity during the all cardiac cycle. The points of the left ventricle are followed using the displacement vectors in the cardiac cycle, obtaining thus, a dense motion field of the cavity. This approximate deformation field is refined with a correspondence method that working in the three-dimensional space. The mapping of the points that define the left ventricle in the cardiac cycle obtained with the correspondence procedure are then used for computing a set of clinical parameters that allows assessing the motion and deformation of this principal structure of the human heart. The torsion, radial and longitudinal contraction are quantified. The obtained results are promising for evaluating the heart dynamics.
Data analysis for a set of university student lists using the k-Nearest Neighbors machine learning method
Authors: Pedrozo D , Barajas F , Estupiñán A , Cristiano K L , Triana D A
Published: June 2020

A tool using machine learning which organizes, clean and analyzes data in massive quantities was developed. So that the user can make predictions about different aspects of a list of more than 2000 students, using the k-nearest neighbor machine learning method. Data were obtained from a Colombian university, which has previously it has been cleaned and organized to accommodate the input parameters into a script. The computational tool was written in python from Jupyter notebook. The script is able to perform analysis predictive of the different filters previously chosen for decision raking by the example of marketing, the tool will keep track of financial actions and of the different categories chosen for students at the university, allowing a global analysis and thus choose the best options from all data granted. Among these categories we can classify method of payment, the value paid, what is the method of most commonly used payout by students, individual averages per semester and academic programs, addresses, and academic careers among others.
Building handicrafts for the study of the infinite dimension of linear spaces
Authors: Cohen I
Published: June 2020

One of the main responsibilities of the pedagogical practice is to guide the teaching process towards significant knowledge obtention. The design and implementation of learning strategies contributes to this task. The present paper shows how a teaching strategy based on the inflationary universe theory creates images of the concept of infinite dimensional linear spaces from the concrete reality of the student, thus solving one epistemological obstacle associated with the assimilation of this concept. This work is a descriptive qualitative research that follows the design research paradigm to develop a teaching experiment over a linear algebra course conformed by 18 students from the mathematics education undergraduate program of the “Universidad del Atlantico, Colombia”. The results of the present work suggest that the designed experiment is a suitable teaching tool that solves an epistemological obstacle associated with the significant learning of the infinite dimension concept of vector spaces.
Academic performance and mathematical processes under a causal model. Correlations found in three public institutions
Authors: Prada R , Fernández R , Hernández C A
Published: June 2020

This research implemented a model of structural equations aimed at determining the possible causal relationship between the mathematical processes mentioned in the national teachers council mathematics and academic performance in mathematics. The level of development of the mathematical processes promoted by the teacher was analyzed, in students of the fourth to seventh grades of basic education in three public educational institutions of the San José de Cúcuta, Colombia, characterized by obtaining levels of performance (respectively) in the Saber 11 tests of 2018. The sample size was 400 students enrolled in 2019. A questionnaire was proposed and validated that included sociodemographic information of students and then determined the presence and development of the various mathematical processes in classroom work. The results highlight that, of the five mathematical processes, reasoning, representation and problem solving are presented as determining variables of academic performance in students, while the processes of communication and connections are little work in the classroom by teachers. From the results obtained arises as future research, determine what teachers understand by mathematical problems? How do you promote problem solving in the classroom?
On the beginning of the morning twilight based on sky brightness measurements
Authors: Herdiwijaya Dhani
Published: June 2020

We present the results of 83 measurements of night sky brightness with portable photometers for five locations, namely the Bosscha Observatory, Cimahi, Bandung, Yogyakarta, and Kupang during the moonless days from years 2011 to 2018. In the first place, instead of the zenith direction, we also evaluated the night sky brightness in various angles of the zenith distances. At the beginning of the morning twilight, solar dips were significantly affected by light and air pollution. It can cause a pseudo night effect, resulting from absorption by particles of low atmospheric height, which is due to air pollution. The duration of twilight is also influenced by the pollution level. A new tool to determine the boundaries of astronomical, nautical, and civil twilight using sky brightness difference was introduced. We also recommend a preferred solar dip of 18.5° for Islamic fajr prayer in Indonesia with twilight duration at 70.5 minutes.
Impact of solar activity on Low Earth Orbiting satellites
Authors: Khodairy S , Sharaf M , Awad M , Abdel Hamed R , Hussein M
Published: June 2020

In the present paper, we investigate the impact of solar activity on Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites. How the increase in the number of coronal mass ejections and solar flares raises the likelihood that sensitive instruments in space and will be damaged by energetic particles accelerated in these events. So, we study the effect of perturbation forces on the Keplerian orbital elements of two LEO satellites using atmosphere model NRLMSISE00. The equation of motion and the effect of all perturbation are solved by using a High-Precision Orbit Propagation (HPOP) model, with Runge-Kutta 7 method, this method was treated by Cowell’s technique. In this respect we deduce that solar activity influences the upper atmosphere; this influence is mediated through rapid geomagnetic disturbances.
Planetary systems in dense stellar environments
Authors: Kouwenhoven M B N , Flammini Dotti Francesco , Shu Qi , Xu Xiuming , Wu Kai , Pang Xiaoying , Hao Wei
Published: June 2020

The recent advances in observational and computational techniques allow studying the formation and dynamical evolution of planetary systems at an unprecedented level. The formation and evolution of isolated planetary systems are challenging in itself and it is more complicated by the dense environments in which stars and planets are typically born. Here, we present an overview of the internal and external processes that govern the dynamical evolution of planetary systems, and we provide a brief overview of a selection of the computational tools that are presently available to carry out realistic simulations of planetary systems in dense stellar environments.
Interior Structure of Solar-like Star τ Ceti
Authors: Mumtahana Farahhati
Published: June 2020

τ Ceti, a G8-V class star, has similar physical properties with our sun, even though most values are smaller and not as active as the sun. It has also been widely reviewed that this metal-poor population II star has terrestrial planetary systems, some of which are in the Habitable Zone. This paper aims to build the interior structure of τ Ceti through modeling experiments with Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) program. The work began with the determination of several fundamental parameters obtained from previous observations of both interferometry and spectroscopy on several references, and also from basic calculations which are then used as input to build the model in MESA. Structural modeling has been carried out in accordance with current star conditions, which is in the main sequence phase. Finally, the result various physical parameters so-called stellar interior structure such as mass, luminosity, pressure, temperature, radius, and age, as well as zonal division of nuclear core (R < 0.23 R⊙,), radiative (0.23 < R⊙ < 0.54), and convective zone (0.54 < R⊙ < 0.775) were obtained.
The orbital dynamics of asteroid 469219 Kamo’oalewa
Authors: Rezky M , Soegiartini E
Published: June 2020

The study of orbital dynamics and evolution of Solar system small-bodies like asteroids has been conducted regularly with the latest data to ensure and update our understanding of the object’s motion, especially the ones located nearby the Earth. One of its examples is asteroid 469219 Kamo’oalewa, which currently known as an Earth Quasi-satellite (QS). In this article, we investigate the orbital dynamics of 469219 Kamo’oalewa by running an N-body numerical integration. It was calculated from its latest orbital solution at epoch JD 2458600.5 using Gauss-Radau scheme provided by IAS15 integrator, which available on REBOUND code package. We found that the co-orbital motion of the asteroid towards Earth happens during time interval (–19.7,19.5) thousand years, with QS–HS transition happening at that period. The current QS motion started 15 years ago and will be transitioning to HS at around 50 years from now. After losing its current state, it will orbit the Sun near the Earth as an Apollo asteroid. We also investigated the secular evolution of this asteroid and found the result that support its QS–HS transition nature. On some occasions like a long period of HS, we found several orbital characteristics that resemble Kozai–Lidov resonance, but it doesn’t hold long before the transition to QS resumes.
Contact forces in Brazil nut effect phenomenon of boulders on the asteroid surface
Authors: Rozzykin A Z , Dermawan B , Viridi S
Published: June 2020

Granular particles can be found on the asteroids in the form of regolith. Regolith is a pile of boulders and gravels that covers the surface of an asteroid and have various sizes. Brazil Nut Effect (BNE) is one of the well-known phenomena that happened in this sort of system. This phenomenon leads to occur a tendency for larger boulders to come up to the surface. Some asteroids like Eros and Itokawa show that BNE supposes to happen also in a low gravity environment. BNE in asteroid may be generated by seismic vibration that causes inter-particle collisions. The collisions are represented by contacts among particles, so that contact forces need to be counted in modeling BNE. This study aims to build a modeling of BNE in asteroid involving contact forces caused by inter-particle collisions during the seismic vibration. This study shows that contact forces have a positive role in BNE by inter-particle contacts. The contacts accommodate the system to keep larger boulders staying in the elevated height. In the model that only involves static friction (without rolling), the vector of normal forces dominates over the tangential one for the resultant forces. Uprising of the larger boulders has been observed in the simulation, but most of them are still buried underneath the smaller ones. It is predicted that a seismic vibration with large enough energy is needed to make all of the larger boulders to come up to the surface. With that result, the larger boulders observed on the surface of some asteroids nowadays are reasonably the result of BNE which caused by heavy bombardment by meteoroids in the early stage of Solar System formation that drives some high-energy seismic vibration.
Optimization of surface roughness and tool wear on AISI 4140 using coated Ni-YSZ for CNC turning process
Authors: Mohd A. , Adnan M. H. L. , Baba N. B. , Selamat Z. A. , Rose A. N. M. , Mohamed S. B.
Published: June 2020

Numerous type of cutting tools has been developed continuously for use in metal cutting and the coated cemented carbides are the most popular in employing many machining strategies to improve machinability of alloy steel. This paper presents on analyze of surface roughness and tool wear on AISI 4140 alloy steel using CNC lathe machine at various machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. Experiments were conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the interactions of machining parameters were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method. Results showed that the best surface roughness parameter for Ni-YSZ coated tool is at maximum cutting speed, feed rate is minimum and minimum depth of cut which representing 0.28 μm . Whereas, for the tool wear, the best parameter is at minimum cutting speed, minimum feed rate and minimum depth of cut for producing 0.892 μm.
Utilization of Response Surface Method (RSM) in Optimizing Automotive Air Conditioning (AAC) Performance Exerting Al2O3/PAG Nanolubricant
Authors: Redhwan A.A.M. , Azmi W.H. , Sharif M.Z. , Zawawi N.N.M. , Zainal Ariffin S.
Published: June 2020

This manuscript examines the performance of automotive air conditioning (AAC) with the variation of the concentration of Al2O3/PAG nanolubricant, initial refrigerant charges, and compressor speed. Today, the response surface methodology (RSM) is one of the most commonly used optimization techniques for designing experimental work and for optimizing variables for a system. In this study, RSM was used to predict response parameters such as cooling capacity and compressor work. Besides, critical relationships between input and response factors will be identified using RSM. Independent variable optimization is carried out using a desirability approach to maximize cooling capacity and minimize the compressor. The results of the RSM analysis found that the optimum conditions with high desirability of 100% were at a concentration of 0.010%, cooling charge of 168 grams and compressive speed of 1160 rpm. At this optimum condition, the AAC system produces a cooling capacity of 1314 kW and a compressor work of 14.19 kJ/kg. The model predicted by RSM is accurate and has been validated in experiments with a deviation of less than 3.4%. Therefore, it can be concluded that RSM can predict optimization parameters that affect AAC performance.
Encapsulation of protein within alginate-inulin matrix for targeted drug delivery system
Authors: Hajaratul Najwa M , Norsyazwani Solehah N
Published: June 2020

By using sodium alginate and inulin as the core matrix, targeted release hydrogels were produced through ionotropic gelation method. As for model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was chosen for in-vitro assessments. It appeared that amount of inulin had major impact on the encapsulation of BSA and also stability of hydrogels in simulated gastro intestinal fluid. The encapsulation efficiency of BSA was enhanced as the amount of inulin incorporated into the hydrogels was increased. In addition, only a little amount of BSA was released throughout 2 hours in simulated gastric fluid, SGF exposure. However, after changing into simulated intestinal fluid, SIF 100% of protein was released within 1.5 hours. Lower swelling index has been observed from alginate-inulin hydrogels in acidic condition (pH 1.2) as compared to alkaline medium, phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). This phenomenon is an indicative of pH responsive swelling activities. These hydrogels were characterized by Fourier-Transform Infared spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy for protein-excipients and hydrogels surface morphology, respectively. These developed alginate-inulin hydrogel has demonstrated high stability in acidic medium and good release efficiency at the targeted area.
Analysis of Pan-Tompkins Algorithm Performance with Noisy ECG Signals
Authors: Fariha M. A. Z. , Ikeura R. , Hayakawa S. , Tsutsumi S.
Published: June 2020

The Pan-Tompkins Algorithm is the most widely used QRS complex detector for the monitoring of many cardiac diseases including in arrhythmia detection. This method could provide good detection performance with high-quality clinical ECG signal data. However, the numerous types of noise and artefacts that exist in an ECG signal will produce low-quality ECG signal data. Because of this, the performance of Pan-Tompkins-based QRS detection methods using low-quality ECG signals should be further investigated. In this paper, the performance of the Pan-Tompkins algorithm was analysed in extracting the QRS complex from standard ECG data that includes noise-stressed ECG signals. The algorithm’s QRS detection reliability was tested using MIT-BIH Noise Stress Test data and MIT-BIH Arrhythmia data. The performance of the algorithm was then analysed and presented. This paper shows the capability of the Pan-Tompkins algorithms in handling noisy ECG signals.
Evaluation of Acceptability of Steering Support Method Using Impedance Control with Multiple HMIs
Authors: Hirata Takuya , Hayakawa Soichiro , Tsutsumi Shigeyoshi , Ikeura Ryojun
Published: June 2020

In order to realize safer driving, it is necessary to operate the driving assistance device a few seconds before the car falls into a dangerous situation, and it is necessary to improve the acceptability of the driver. Therefore, a driving support system that improves acceptability and safety is needed. In this study, we introduce multiple HMIs into the steering intervention support system introducing the impedance control of the steering torque command, we aim to evaluate safety and acceptability in this system. We use the damping ratio as an evaluation index to derive control parameters that compatible with safety and driver acceptability at the time of steering intervention assistance. We conducted experiments using driving simulation and achieve the above object in the introduction situation of HMI.
Control Techniques of Multi-Fingered Hand for Rehabilitation
Authors: Wan Faizura W.T. , Luqman M.Z.M. , Mohd Hafiz O. , Safuan Naim M. , Ahmad Armin S. , Irraivan E.
Published: June 2020

The use of the robotic hand today has been widely studied. So many ideas from robot designers to create different types of robots and have their functionality. Today the use of robots has been widely used everywhere such as factories, hospitals, homes, offices and others. Several factors are contributing to the increase in hand robot construction in hospitals due to the high demand in hand rehabilitation for stroke patients. In this study, there are four controllers used namely PID controller, Fuzzy Logic controller, Fuzzy-PID controller, and PID-PSO controller to find the best system response for hand applications. Appropriate control schemes should be set with various methods and parameters to enhance the system response to human hand rehabilitation.
UV Photodetector Based on p-NiO film/n-Si Heterojunction Prepared by Thermal Oxidation
Authors: Nomaan Ahlaam T. , Ahmed Naser M. , Al-Hardan Naif H. , Shiong Ng Sha , Aziz Azlan Abdul
Published: June 2020

In this work, p-type NiO film was grown on n-type Si substrate as UV photodetector. NiO film was prepared over n-type Si (100) through two-step method. First, metallic Ni film was deposited on Si wafer using thermal evaporator; then the film was thermally oxidized in a tube furnace at 500 °C for 3 h to get NiO film. The film revealed polycrystalline structure of cubic NiO phase as confirmed from XRD characterization. The diffraction peaks ascribed to metallic Ni film were not detected in the XRD pattern which implies that Ni film was completely converted into NiO. For photoelectric measurements of NiO/Si heterojunction, Ag metal was deposited on both Si substrate and NiO film as a contact. The current-voltage curves exhibited rectifying behaviour with ideality factor and barrier height of 25 and 0.96 eV, respectively. NiO/Si heterojunction showed appreciable photoresponse towards UV light at wavelength of 365 nm. The responsivity, rise time and fall time of the photodiode were measured as 0.16 A/W, 1.7 s and 0.85 s, respectively at bias voltage of -5 V.
Wearable Heart Rate and Body Temperature Monitoring Device for Healthcare
Authors: Abu Bakar Aslina , Rahim Sarminadira Shaikh A. , Razali Ahmad Rashidy , Noorsal Emilia , Radzali Rosfariza , Abd Rahim Alhan Farhanah
Published: June 2020

The Development of a wearable sensor that can monitor a heart rate and body temperature based on ESP8266 NodeMCU microcontroller is proposed in this project. To realize the system, two biomedical sensors are used which are MAX30205 and SEN11574 Pulse Rate Sensor. The sensors should be wearable to make it easy to be used by the patient. All the data that are collected from the sensors are sent via internet and displayed on a mobile apps to be observed by the guardian. MAX30205 is used to measure the temperature and SEN11574 pulse rate sensor is used to measure the heart rate. The data then will be sent through ESP8266 NodeMCU microcontroller and connected to a mobile apps via the internet. Patient can remotely send the information which are heart rate and body temperature from home to the clinic or hospital. Thus, doctors can have the patients’ health history prior to the patients visit.
IoT Based Patient Monitoring System using Sensors to Detect, Analyse and Monitor Two Primary Vital Signs
Authors: Mohamad Hadis Nor Shahanim , Amirnazarullah Muhammad Nazri , Jafri Muhammad Mahdi , Abdullah Samihah
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the development of patient monitoring system for two primary vital signs of body temperature and respiratory rate. The monitoring system was implemented in IoT platform and designed using Arduino Mega 2560 and ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module. Two sensor’s modules used to determine each vital sign level, which each module use temperature sensors. The purposes of this project are to design patient monitoring system that can detect the vital signs level, analyse the level of vital signs according to the patient age, provide alert for abnormal condition and also displayed the results wirelessly through android apps. This project would minimize the work load for nurses in hospital and provide much convenient method in monitoring status of each vital signs for every patient in the ward. Conventional method which requires nurse to visit every patient to record vital signs measurement is time consuming. With this system, nurses can monitor the patient status through android apps installed into any android device. Nurses or doctors can also review the previous vital sign status by downloading the data from the cloud in the excel format. Comparison on the two vital signs level obtained from this system with standard measurement equipment or manual observation shown almost similar results.
The effects of post heat treatment on ITO/AgAl/ITO/p-Si multilayer films
Authors: Isiyaku Aliyu Kabiru , Ali Ahmad Hadi , Nayan Nafarizal
Published: June 2020

For the past few decades, the quest for an improve indium tin oxide (ITO) films have attracted a lot of interest by scientists and industries for application in advanced optoelectronic devices. ITO/AgAl/ITO multilayer films were deposited on p-silicon (Si) substrates at room temperature by radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering respectively. The effects of post-heat (annealing) treatment on the structural, optical and electrical properties of the ITO/AgAl/ITO multilayer films were investigated at different temperature of 200 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal an amorphous structure for the as-deposited film whereas the post annealed films show a polycrystalline and cubic bixbyite structure with preferential peaks orientation along ITO (222), Ag (111), and ITO (440) crystalline directions. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis indicates a smoother surface morphology and improved grain size after post heat treatment. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer measurements show a significant increase in optical transmittance spectra as the annealing temperature increases. Maximum transmittance peak of 87.2 % was obtained by film annealed at 500 °C. Four-point probe measurements exhibit a substantial decrease in sheet resistance with respect to increasing post-annealing temperature. The sheet resistance of the as-deposited film is about 7.85 Ω/sq and falls down to 3.23 Ω/sq as the post-heat temperature is increased to 500 °C. Compared to as-deposited film, the post annealed multilayer films optical and electrical properties have been successfully enhanced, fine turned and favourable for Si solar cell application.
Fabrication process of InGaAs-based nanodiode array using electron-beam lithography technique
Authors: Kasjoo Shahrir R. , Singh Arun K. , Zhang Linqing Q.
Published: June 2020

Self-switching diode (SSD) is a unipolar two-terminal planar device which has a typical channel in nanoscale dimension. It has shown outstanding properties as a microwave and submillimeter wave rectifier by exploiting its nonlinear current-voltage (I-V) characteristic and intrisically low parasitic capacitance. In detection systems, SSDs are often used with an antenna to form a rectifying antenna (rectenna). The large impedance mismatch between SSD and antenna, due to high resistance of a single SSD, has always hampered the rectenna to achieve good extrinsic rectification performance (e.g., voltage responsivity > 400 V/W). As such, a large array of SSDs connected in parallel is very much desired to reduce the device resistance, and hence minimizing the impedance mismatching issue. In this work, an interdigital structure which can accommodate approximately 2,000 SSDs in parallel has been utilized. The material used was InGaAs/InAlAs heterostructure grown onto an InP substrate. The fabrication of the SSD array has implemented an electron-beam lithography (EBL) technique and the use of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as a masking layer. The fabricated SSD array has shown a typical diode-like I-V characteristic, indicating that EBL method is not only convenient to realize nanoscale electronic devices, but also very practical for large area operations.
Effect of post-annealing in oxygen environment on ITO thin films deposited using RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: Hamzah N A , Asri R I M , Ahmad M A , Sahar M A A Z Md , Waheeda S N , Hassan Z
Published: June 2020

This work demonstrated the effect of post-annealing on electrical and optical characteristics of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films. ITO with 100 nm thickness was successfully deposited using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering in oxygen-free environment on sodalime glass substrate without substrate heating. Post-annealing treatment was carried out on ITO thin films in oxygen environment. Different annealing temperatures were studied on the films from 300°C up to 600 °C. The annealing time and oxygen flow rate were kept constant. As the annealing temperature increase, the structure of the thin film’s changes from amorphous to polycrystalline which lead to the effect of enhanced hall mobility. Annealing temperature strongly influence the optical transmission in visible region. It leads to higher transmittance of ITO thin films and is suitable for a blue light emitting diode (LED) application. In addition, higher annealing temperature also enhances film electrical performance. Further characterization of the deposited films was done using hall measurement, UV-Vis spectrophotometer and atomic force microscopic (AFM) to show the improvement on their electrical and optical characteristic. The optical and electrical characteristics of the films have been compared with each other.
Formation of Fe, Pt and (Pt/Fe) ultra-fine metal nanoparticles in different solution polarity prepared by Nd-YAG pulsed laser
Authors: Thahab S.M. , Abo Nasria Abbas H. , Hussain Saja
Published: June 2020

Iron(Fe/FeO), Platium (Pt) and (Pt/Fe) ultra Fine(UF) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by pulsed (Q-switched, 1064 doubled frequency-Nd: YAG). The laser ablation of Fe and Pt metal plates has been performed by immersing these metal plates in deionised water (DDW) and ethanol alcohol solvent. The pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) process preformed with 100 pulse energy of 700 mJ and liquid depth is 5 mm. The formation efficiency of PLAL process was quantified in term of the absorption spectrum peaks and TEM images anlaysis. The absorption spectra of Iron (Fe/FeO, Pt) in DDW reveal a sharp and single peak around (292/363 and 234)nm, respectively, indicates the production of pure and spherical shape of Fe/FeO, Pt UF NPs with an average size in the range of 2-5 nm. While, it was notice absorbance peaks wavelength shifted to the shorter wavelength in ethanol alcohol due to high polarity of alcohol in both bimetalic nanoparticles (Fe and Pt). By changing the solution polarty it can open an easy way to control the size and shape of Fe and Pt and Bimetals (Pt/Fe ) colloidal nanoparticles.
Polarization Rotation by Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) Thin Film with an External Electric Field
Authors: Razilam N. A. , Najamudin S. H. , Ramli W. S. W. , Poopalan P.
Published: June 2020

Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) thin films are suitable for many applications especially photonic due to its large electro-optic (EO) coefficient where the EO effect causes a change of optical refractive index in a film due presence of an electric field. The first step towards the development of thin film based EO modulators is to study its EO properties. The thin film BaTiO3 was prepared by a sol gel process and annealed at 900°C and then subjected to EO interrogation via the Sénarmont technique. It shows that the technique affected the electro-optic properties of the thin film and the electro-optic behaviour. The Sénarmont technique also utilized the EO measurement of BaTiO3 thin films from negative 20V up to positive 20V by connecting the electrical and optical domain with different angles of polarizer that are from 0° up to 180°. The results show that the power measurement is much higher between 30° to 50° with positive 20V. It is found that electric field disrupts the EO behaviour of the film.
Assessment the impact of iron nanoparticles and dry yeast extract on the corn (Zea maize L.)
Authors: Al-Shaheen Mustafa R. , Hamad Rasmi M. , AL Abdaly Maath.M , Al- Rawi Omar H.
Published: June 2020

An experiment was carried out at the Glass House at the Faculty of Agriculture, Anbar University for the 2016-2017 season. Where the addition of nano-iron and dry yeast extract to evaluate the response of maize productivity to five levels of nano-iron, which is 0, 25,50, 75 and 100 mg, were sprayed on the leaves, and the yeast extract at three levels 0, 100 and 150 grams per liter spray on the leaves. The results showed the superiority of the treatments that were sprayed with nanoparticles with the highest rate of chlorophyll, the seed protein ratio and the percentage of seed oil. Significant levels were also recorded when spraying the plants with dry yeast extract. The interactions of 100 mg of nanotube and 60 g / l dry yeast extract characterized by the highest rate of chlorophyll, the oil content in the seeds (%) and the protein rate in the seeds (%) compared to other transactions.
Dispersive focusing in fractional Korteweg–de Vries-type equations
Authors: Tobisch Elena , Pelinovsky Efim
Published: June 2020

In this paper we study dispersive enhancement of a wave train in systems described by the fractional Korteweg–de Vries-type equations of the form

u

t

+

α

n

u

n

u

x

+

β

m

(

D

m

{

u

}

)

x

=
0
,

D

m

{

u

}

=
−
|
k

|

m

u

(

k

)

where the operator D

m
{u} is written in the Fourier space, α

n
, β

m
are arbitrary constants and n, m being rational numbers (positive or negative). Using both approximate and exact solutions of these wave equations we describe constructively the process of dispersive focusing. It is based on a time-reversing approach with the expected rogue wave chosen as the initial condition for a solution of these equations. We demonstrate the qualitative difference in the shape of the focused wavetrains for various n and m. Our results can be used for prediction of the rogue wave appearance arising in many types of weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive wave systems in physical context.
The Influence of Fly Ash Application on the Sorption-Desorption of Phosphate on Raised-Bed Soil of Tidal Swamplands
Authors: Priatmadi B J , Razie F , Septiana M , Saidy A R
Published: June 2020

The availability of phosphate (P) in soils generally is controlled by the sorption and desorption process of P ions by soil minerals. We examined the sorption and desorption of P on raised-bed soils of tidal swamplands applied with fly ash. Four different aged of raised-bed soils (3, 9, 16 and 27 years) was applied with 25 Mg ha−1 fly ash, and incubated at the dark for 15 days, and a batch experiment was carried out following the completion of incubation for the measurement of sorption-desorption of P. Results of the study showed that P sorption to fly ash-added soils fitted very well to the Langmuir Equation (R
2 = 0.91–0.98), in which fly ash application increased the maximum capacity of soil for P sorption (Q
max). Increasing the value of Q
max might be attributed to the presence of aluminium and iron oxides containing in the fly ash increased the sites of fly ash-added soils for the P sorption. The amounts of phosphate released from fly ash-added soils ranged from 4.4% to 7.4% of sorbed P at the treatment of without fly ash addition. Fly ash addition to the soil significantly reduced the desorption of P. Results of this study imply the potential use of fly ash as waste material for improving P availability in the raised-bed soils of swamplands.
Effect of Irradiated Rice Varieties on CH4, Population of Bacteria and Fungi in tidal Swamp Soil in Kalimantan
Authors: Hadi Abdul , Zahrita  , Haris Abdul
Published: June 2020

Recently, paddy fields have encountered extreme environmental conditions like flood and storm which caused decreased grain production. To overcome this problem, National Atomic Energy Agency (BATAN) of Republic of Indonesia has developed hybrid rice varieties like Atomita, Sulutan Unsrat, Woyla, etc. However, there are few reports on population of bacteria, fungi, and the methane (CH4) emissions as affected by these rice varieties in tidal swamp area of Kalimantan. A field experiment has been carried in tidal swamp of South Kalimantan aiming at elucidating the effect of irradiated rice varieties on CH4, population of bacteria and fungi. Sixteen plots, each sizing 3 m x 4 m, were demarcated by plastic tape. At the same time with land preparation, rice varieties of Atomita (irradiated), Sulutan Unsrat (irradiated), Woyla (irradiated) and Karang Dukuh (local variety) were nursed in nearby upland until one month old. Three of the plots were cultivated to Atomita rice variety, three of the plots were cultivated to Sulutan Unsrat rice variety, while the other three were cultivated to Woyla rice variety. The rest of the plots were cultivated to Karang Dukuh and considered as control treatment. Air samples were collected by closed chambers in biweekly bases until harvest of rice. Air samples were then transferred to laboratory and used for the determination of CH4 concentration. Soil samples were taken at 15, 45, 75 and 105 days after transplanting and used for determinations of bacterial and fungal numbers using plate count method. The results showed that irradiated rice varieties suppressed CH4 emissions from tidal swamp paddy filed. More suppression was given by Sulutan Usrat, while Atomita and Woyla gave similar affects. There were no differences in population of bacteria in the four rice variety except at 15 days after transplanting when Atomica gave highest number. Similarly, there was no difference in population of fungi in the four rice variety except at 45 days after rice transplanting when Sulutan Unsrat gave highest number. These suggest that irradiated rice varieties suppressed CH4 emissions without negative impact on the bacterial and fungal population in tidal swamp soil of Kalimantan.
Characterisation of floor tiles reinforced aluminium surface composite synthesized by friction stir processing
Authors: Kushwaha Ved Prakash , Joshi Sumit , Singh Ramesh Chandra , Chaudhary Rajiv
Published: June 2020

The present work employed Friction Stir Processing route for fabricating Aluminium Surface Composite. The fine ceramic particles obtained from floor tiles were selected as the reinforcement while Al6061 alloy as the matrix material. The fabricated surface composite was further investigated for microstructure and wear characterisation. Microstructural features depicted the successful incorporation and homogeneous dispersion of floor tile particles in the aluminium matrix. The reinforced particles enhanced the microhardness value to 92 HV which was about three times more than base metal. Higher wear resistance and lower friction coefficient exhibited on addition of floor tile particles in the matrix. The least wear rate of 4.9×10−3mg/m and friction coefficient value of 0.30 was obtained in aluminium surface composite compared to 36.21×0−3mg/m and 0.43 respectively.
Sustainability: an Essential Concept for Current and Upcoming Technological Practices
Authors: Dixit Ankur , Chaudhary Rajiv
Published: June 2020

The Agenda 2030 of the United Nations organisation aims at sustainable development of each country by the end of the upcoming decade. The agenda comprises of the 17 SDGs i.e sustainable development goals for the liveable and sustainable life on the planet Earth. In last two decades, the concept of sustainability has been extensively defined with coinciding different viewpoint and assessments. This paper comprises the history, definition, affecting factors, challenges and opportunities in the field of sustainable development for the new decade researchers and engineers.