bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Fresh Look at Variography: Measuring Dependence and Possible Sensitivities Across Geophysical Systems From Any Given Data
Authors: Sheikholeslami Razi , Razavi Saman
Published: September 2020

Sensitivity analysis in Earth and environmental systems modeling typically demands an onerous computational cost. This issue coexists with the reliance of these algorithms on ad hoc designs of experiments, which hampers making the most out of the existing data sets. We tackle this problem by introducing a method for sensitivity analysis, based on the theory of variogram analysis of response surfaces (VARS), that works on any sample of input‐output data or pre‐computed model evaluations. Called data‐driven VARS (D‐VARS), this method characterizes the relationship strength between inputs and outputs by investigating their covariograms. We also propose a method to assess “robustness” of the results against sampling variability and numerical methods' imperfectness. Using two hydrologic modeling case studies, we show that D‐VARS is highly efficient and statistically robust, even when the sample size is small. Therefore, D‐VARS can provide unique opportunities to investigate geophysical systems whose models are computationally expensive or available data is scarce.
A Magnetic Data Correction Workflow for Sparse, Four‐Dimensional Data
Authors: Aitken Alan R. A. , Ramos Lara N. , Roberts Jason L. , Greenbaum Jamin S. , Jong Lenneke M. , Young Duncan A. , Blankenship Donald D.
Published: September 2020

High‐quality aeromagnetic data are important in guiding new knowledge of the solid earth in frontier regions, such as Antarctica, where these data are often among the first data collected. The difficulties of data collection in remote regions often lead to less than ideal data collection, leading to data that are sparse and four‐dimensional in nature. Standard aeromagnetic data collection procedures are optimized for the (nearly) 2‐D data that are collected in industry standard surveys. In this work we define and apply a robust magnetic data correction approach that is optimized to these four‐dimensional data. Data are corrected in three phases, with phase 1 operations on point data, correcting for spatiotemporal geomagnetic conditions, then phase 2 operations on line data, adjusting for elevation differences along and between lines and in phase 3, a line‐based leveling approach to bring lines into agreement while preserving data integrity. For a large‐scale East Antarctic survey, the overall median cross‐tie error reduction error reduction is 93%, reaching a final median error of 5 nT. Error reduction is spread evenly between phases 1 and 3. Phase 2 does not reduce error directly but permits a stronger error reduction in phase 3. Residual errors are attributed to limitations in the ability to model 4‐D geomagnetic conditions and also some limitations of the inversion process used in phase 2. Data have improved utility for geological interpretation and modeling, in particular quantitative approaches, which are enabled with less bias and more confidence.
Mechanical Implications of Creep and Partial Coupling on the World's Fastest Slipping Low‐Angle Normal Fault in Southeastern Papua New Guinea
Authors: Biemiller James , Boulton Carolyn , Wallace Laura , Ellis Susan , Little Timothy , Mizera Marcel , Niemeijer Andre , Lavier Luc
Published: September 2020

We use densely spaced campaign GPS observations and laboratory friction experiments on fault rocks from one of the world's most rapidly slipping low‐angle normal faults, the Mai'iu fault in Papua New Guinea, to investigate the nature of interseismic deformation on active low‐angle normal faults. GPS velocities reveal 8.3 ± 1.2 mm/year of horizontal extension across the Mai'iu fault, and are fit well by dislocation models with shallow fault locking (above 2 km depth), or by deeper locking (from ~5–16 km depth) together with shallower creep. Laboratory friction experiments show that gouges from the shallowest portion of the fault zone are predominantly weak and velocity‐strengthening, while fault rocks deformed at greater depths are stronger and velocity‐weakening. Evaluating the geodetic and friction results together with geophysical and microstructural evidence for mixed‐mode seismic and aseismic slip at depth, we find that the Mai'iu fault is most likely strongly locked at depths of ~5–16 km and creeping updip and downdip of this region. Our results suggest that the Mai'iu fault and other active low‐angle normal faults can slip in large (Mw > 7) earthquakes despite near‐surface interseismic creep on frictionally stable clay‐rich gouges.
Breaking of Internal Kelvin Waves Shoaling on a Slope
Authors: Nakayama K. , Sato T. , Tani K. , Boegman L. , Fujita I. , Shintani T.
Published: September 2020

In stratified flow, breaking of internal waves over slopes induces resuspension of bottom sediments and transport of mass. When internal waves shoal and break, flow dynamics and mass transport differ significantly according to whether the Coriolis force is included or neglected. Despite its importance, the currents generated by breaking internal Kelvin waves remain uninvestigated. Therefore, this study considers breaking of internal waves over a uniform slope under Coriolis with equivalent upper‐ and lower‐layer depths. Laboratory experiments, using a 6.0‐m rotating tank, were undertaken to visualize currents using particle image velocimetry. Experimental data validated a three‐dimensional fluid dynamics model, in which a phase‐averaged velocity (residual jet) was simulated to occur at the lateral wall (to the right) of the progressive internal Kelvin waves in the breaking zone, with the generation of an oblique downslope return flow (downdraft) under Coriolis. The geostrophic balance drove the residual jet, and the equation for estimating the residual current, due to the jet, was formulated and was discussed by referring a coastal jet in Lake Erie. The results provide insight on mass transport in lakeshore and coastal zones.
Impulsive prepotent actions and tics in Tourette disorder underpinned by a common neural network
Authors: Atkinson-Clement Cyril , Porte Camille-Albane , de Liege Astrid , Klein Yanica , Delorme Cecile , Beranger Benoit , Valabregue Romain , Gallea Cecile , Robbins Trevor W. , Hartmann Andreas , Worbe Yulia
Published: September 2020

Tourette disorder (TD), which is characterized by motor and vocal tics, is not in general considered as a product of impulsivity, despite a frequent association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and impulse control disorders. It is unclear which type of impulsivity, if any, is intrinsically related to TD and specifically to the severity of tics. The waiting type of motor impulsivity, defined as the difficulty to withhold a specific action, shares some common features with tics. In a large group of adult TD patients compared to healthy controls, we assessed waiting motor impulsivity using a behavioral task, as well as structural and functional underpinnings of waiting impulsivity and tics using multi-modal neuroimaging protocol. We found that unmedicated TD patients showed increased waiting impulsivity compared to controls, which was independent of comorbid conditions, but correlated with the severity of tics. Tic severity did not account directly for waiting impulsivity, but this effect was mediated by connectivity between the right orbito-frontal cortex with caudate nucleus bilaterally. Waiting impulsivity in unmedicated patients with TD also correlated with a higher gray matter signal in deep limbic structures, as well as connectivity with cortical and with cerebellar regions on a functional level. Neither behavioral performance nor structural or functional correlates were related to a psychometric measure of impulsivity or impulsive behaviors in general. Overall, the results suggest that waiting impulsivity in TD was related to tic severity, to functional connectivity of orbito-frontal cortex with caudate nucleus and to structural changes within limbic areas.
First-in-human Phase 1 open label study of the BET inhibitor ODM-207 in patients with selected solid tumours
Authors: Ameratunga Malaka , Braña Irene , Bono Petri , Postel-Vinay Sophie , Plummer Ruth , Aspegren John , Korjamo Timo , Snapir Amir , de Bono Johann S
Published: September 2020

Background

Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins are reported to be epigenetic anti-cancer drug targets. This first-in-human study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics and preliminary anti-tumour activity of the BET inhibitor ODM-207 in patients with selected solid tumours.

Methods

This was an open-label Phase 1 study comprised of a dose escalation part, and evaluation of the effect of food on pharmacokinetics. ODM-207 was administered orally once daily. The dose escalation part was initiated with a dose titration in the initial cohort, followed by a 3 + 3 design.

Results

Thirty-five patients were treated with ODM-207, of whom 12 (34%) had castrate-resistant prostate cancer. One dose-limiting toxicity of intolerable fatigue was observed. The highest studied dose achieved was 2 mg/kg due to cumulative toxicity observed beyond the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) treatment window. Common AEs included thrombocytopenia, asthenia, nausea, anorexia, diarrhoea, fatigue, and vomiting. Platelet count decreased proportionally to exposure with rapid recovery upon treatment discontinuation. No partial or complete responses were observed.

Conclusions

ODM-207 shows increasing exposure in dose escalation and was safe at doses up to 2 mg/kg but had a narrow therapeutic window.

Clinical trial registration

The clinical trial registration number is NCT03035591.
LDB2 locus disruption on 4p16.1 as a risk factor for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Horiuchi Yasue , Ichikawa Tomoe , Ohnishi Tetsuo , Iwayama Yoshimi , Toriumi Kazuya , Miyashita Mitsuhiro , Nohara Izumi , Obata Nanako , Toyota Tomoko , Yoshikawa Takeo , Itokawa Masanari , Arai Makoto
Published: September 2020

We had previously reported the case of a male patient with schizophrenia, having de-novo balanced translocation. Here, we determined the exact breakpoints in chromosomes 4 and 13. The breakpoint within chromosome 4 was mapped to a region 32.6 kbp upstream of the LDB2 gene encoding Lim domain binding 2. Variant screening in LDB2 revealed a rare novel missense variant in patients with psychiatric disorder.
Quercetin-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (QCSPIONs) increases Nrf2 expression via miR-27a mediation to prevent memory dysfunction in diabetic rats
Authors: Ebrahimpour Shiva , Shahidi Seyedeh Bahar , Abbasi Mahnoosh , Tavakoli Zahra , Esmaeili Abolghasem
Published: September 2020

Oxidative stress is one of the earliest defects involved in the development of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment. Nrf2 is the master regulator of the cellular antioxidant system can be regulated by some microRNAs. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of quercetin (QC) and quercetin-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (QCSPIONs) on Nrf2-controlled antioxidant genes through the redox-sensitive miR-27a. Expression levels of miR-27a, Nrf2, SOD1, GPX1, and CAT were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Moreover, the oxidative stress parameters including total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and histological alterations were investigated. The expression level of miR-27a was significantly up-regulated in diabetic rats. While expression levels of Nrf2, SOD1, GPX1, and CAT were significantly down-regulated under diabetic condition. Interestingly, QCSPIONs decreased expression level of miR-27a and subsequently enhanced the expression levels of Nrf2, SOD1, and CAT to the control level. No significant difference was observed in the expression level of GPX1. Besides, QC in pure and especially conjugated form was able to normalize TAC and regenerate pathological lesions in STZ-diabetic rats. Our result demonstrates that QCSPIONs as an effective combined therapy can decrease miR-27a expression, which in turn increases the Nrf2 expression and responsive antioxidant genes, resulting in improvement of memory dysfunction in diabetic rats.
Omidenepag, a non-prostanoid EP2 receptor agonist, induces enlargement of the 3D organoid of 3T3-L1 cells
Authors: Ida Yosuke , Hikage Fumihito , Umetsu Araya , Ida Haruka , Ohguro Hiroshi
Published: September 2020

2D and 3D cultures of 3T3-L1 cells were employed in a study of the effects of Omidenepag (OMD), interacting with a non-prostanoid EP2 receptor, on adipogenesis. Upon adipogenesis, the effects on lipid staining, the mRNA expression of adipogenesis-related genes (Pparγ, CEBPa, Ap2, and Glut4) and the extracellular matrix (ECM) including collagen type 1, 4 and 6, and fibronectin, and the size and physical property of 3D organoids were compared between groups that had been treated with EP2 agonists (butaprost and OMD) and PGF2α. Upon adipogenesis, these significantly suppressed lipid staining and the mRNA expression of related genes. EP2 agonists and PGF2α influenced the mRNA expression of ECM in different manners, and these effects were also different between 2 and 3D cultures. Examining the physical properties by a microsqueezer indicated that the solidity of the 3D organoids became significantly lowered upon adipogenesis and these effects were not affected by EP2 agonists. In contrast, 3D organoid stiffness was markedly enhanced by the presence of PGF2α. These observations indicate that EP2 agonists affect the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells in different manners, as compared to PGF2α, suggesting that OMD may not induce PGF2α related orbital fat atrophy, called the deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (DUES).
Diagnostic performance of PI-RADS version 2.1 compared to version 2.0 for detection of peripheral and transition zone prostate cancer
Authors: Rudolph Madhuri Monique , Baur Alexander Daniel Jacques , Cash Hannes , Haas Matthias , Mahjoub Samy , Hartenstein Alexander , Hamm Charlie Alexander , Beetz Nick Lasse , Konietschke Frank , Hamm Bernd , Asbach Patrick , Penzkofer Tobias
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to compare diagnostic performance of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version (v) 2.1 and 2.0 for detection of Gleason Score (GS) ≥ 7 prostate cancer on MRI. Three experienced radiologists provided PI-RADS v2.0 scores and at least 12 months later v2.1 scores on lesions in 333 prostate MRI examinations acquired between 2012 and 2015. Diagnostic performance was assessed retrospectively by using MRI/transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsy and 10-core systematic biopsy as the reference. From a total of 359 lesions, GS ≥ 7 tumor was present in 135 lesions (37.60%). Area under the ROC curve (AUC) revealed slightly lower values for peripheral zone (PZ) and transition zone (TZ) scoring in v2.1, but these differences did not reach statistical significance. A significant number of score 2 lesions in the TZ were downgraded to score 1 in v2.1 showing 0% GS ≥ 7 tumor (0/11). The newly introduced diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) upgrading rule in v2.1 was applied in 6 lesions from a total of 143 TZ lesions (4.2%). In summary, PI-RADS v2.1 showed no statistically significant differences in overall diagnostic performance of TZ and PZ scoring compared to v2.0. Downgraded BPH nodules showed favorable cancer frequencies. The new DWI upgrading rule for TZ lesions was applied in only few cases.
Susceptibility of tree shrew to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Wang Junbin , Kuang Dexuan , Xu Jingwen , Yang Mengli , Ma Chunxia , Zhao Siwen , Li Jingmei , Long Haiting , Ding Kaiyun , Gao Jiahong , Liu Jiansheng , Wang Haixuan , Li Haiyan , Yang Yun , Yu Wenhai , Yang Jing , Zheng Yinqiu , Wu Daoju , Lu Shuaiyao , Liu Hongqi , Peng Xiaozhong
Published: September 2020

Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) became a pandemic event in the world, it has not only caused huge economic losses, but also a serious threat to global public health. Many scientific questions about SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were raised and urgently need to be answered, including the susceptibility of animals to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we tested whether tree shrew, an emerging experimental animal domesticated from wild animal, is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. No clinical signs were observed in SARS-CoV-2 inoculated tree shrews during this experiment except the increasing body temperature particularly in female animals. Low levels of virus shedding and replication in tissues occurred in all three age groups. Notably, young tree shrews (6 months to 12 months) showed virus shedding at the earlier stage of infection than adult (2 years to 4 years) and old (5 years to 7 years) animals that had longer duration of virus shedding comparatively. Histopathological examine revealed that pulmonary abnormalities were the main changes but mild although slight lesions were also observed in other tissues. In summary, tree shrew is less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with the reported animal models and may not be a suitable animal for COVID-19 related researches. However, tree shrew may be a potential intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 as an asymptomatic carrier.
Fluorescent aminal linked porous organic polymer for reversible iodine capture and sensing
Authors: Sabri Muhammad A. , Al-Sayah Mohammad H. , Sen Susan , Ibrahim Taleb H. , El-Kadri Oussama M.
Published: September 2020

A novel triazene-anthracene-based fluorescent aminal linked porous organic polymer (TALPOP) was prepared via metal free-Schiff base polycondensation reaction of 9,10-bis-(4,6-diamino-S-triazin-2-yl)anthracene and 2-furaldehyde. The polymer has exceptional chemical and thermal stabilities and exhibit good porosity with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 401 m2g−1. The combination of such porosity along with the highly conjugated heteroatom-rich framework enabled the polymer to exhibit exceptional iodine vapor uptake of up to 314 wt % and reversible iodine adsorption in solution. Because of the inclusion of the anthracene moieties, the TALPOP exhibited excellent detection sensitivity towards iodine via florescence quenching with Ksv value of 2.9 × 103 L mol−1. The cost effective TALPOP along with its high uptake and sensing of iodine, make it an ideal material for environmental remediation.
Preoperative factors improving the prediction of the postoperative sagittal orientation of the pelvis in standing position after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Fischer Maximilian C. M. , Tokunaga Kunihiko , Okamoto Masashi , Habor Juliana , Radermacher Klaus
Published: September 2020

The aims of this study were to investigate if the sagittal orientation of the pelvis (SOP) in the standing position changes after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and evaluate what preoperative factors may improve the prediction of the postoperative standing SOP in the context of a patient-specific functional cup orientation. 196 primary THA patients from Japan were retrospectively selected for this study. Computed tomography imaging of the pelvis, EOS imaging of the lower body and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine in the standing position were taken preoperatively. Common biometrics and preoperative Harris Hip Score were recorded. The EOS imaging in the standing position was repeated three months following THA. A 3D/2.5D registration process was used to determine the standing SOP. Thirty-three preoperative biometric, morphological and functional parameters were measured. Important preoperative parameters were identified that significantly improve the prediction of the postoperative standing SOP by using multiple linear LASSO regression. On average, the SOP changed significantly (p < 0.001) between the preoperative and postoperative standing position three months after THA by 3° ± 4° in the posterior direction. The age, standing lumbar lordosis angle (LLA) and preoperative supine and standing SOP significantly (p < 0.001) improve the prediction of the postoperative standing SOP. The linear regression model for the prediction of the postoperative standing SOP is significantly (p < 0.001) improved by adding the parameters preoperative standing SOP and LLA, in addition to the preoperative supine SOP, reducing the root mean square error derived from a leave-one-out cross-validation by more than 1°. The mean standing SOP in Japanese patients changes already three months after THA in comparison to the preoperative value. The preoperative factors age, LLA, supine and standing SOP can significantly improve the prediction of the postoperative standing SOP and should be considered within the preoperative planning process of a patient-specific functional cup orientation.
Crustal structure of Sicily from modelling of gravity and magnetic anomalies
Authors: Milano M. , Kelemework Y. , La Manna M. , Fedi M. , Montanari D. , Iorio M.
Published: September 2020

We aim at modeling the main crustal and thermal interfaces of Sicily (Italy), a key area for understanding the geological complexity at the collisional boundary between the African and European plates. To this end, we analyze the gravity and magnetic fields, integrated with information from well logs, geology, heat flow, and seismic data. In order to make the most accurate description of the crustal structure of the area, we modeled with different methodologies the carbonate and crystalline top surfaces, as well as the Moho and the Curie isotherm surface. The reconstruction of the carbonate platform is achieved using a nonlinear 3D method constrained by the available seismic and borehole data. The crystalline top, the Curie, and the Moho are instead estimated by spectral analysis of both gravity and magnetic data. The results show a complex carbonate basement and a deep crystalline crust in central Sicily, with a prominent uplift beneath the Hyblean Plateau. Maps of the Moho and the Curie isotherm surface define a variable thermal and structural setting of Sicily, with very thin crust in the southern and eastern sectors, where high heat flow is found, and deep and cold crust below the Caltanissetta Basin.
Phosphorus deficiency changes carbon isotope fractionation and triggers exudate reacquisition in tomato plants
Authors: Tiziani Raphael , Pii Youry , Celletti Silvia , Cesco Stefano , Mimmo Tanja
Published: September 2020

Plant roots are able to exude vast amounts of metabolites into the rhizosphere in response to phosphorus (P) deficiency. Causing noteworthy costs in terms of energy and carbon (C) for the plants. Therefore, it is suggested that exudates reacquisition by roots could represent an energy saving strategy of plants. This study aimed at investigating the effect of P deficiency on the ability of hydroponically grown tomato plants to re-acquire specific compounds generally present in root exudates by using 13C-labelled molecules. Results showed that P deficient tomato plants were able to take up citrate (+ 37%) and malate (+ 37%), particularly when compared to controls. While glycine (+ 42%) and fructose (+ 49%) uptake was enhanced in P shortage, glucose acquisition was not affected by the nutritional status. Unexpectedly, results also showed that P deficiency leads to a 13C enrichment in both tomato roots and shoots over time (shoots—+ 2.66‰, roots—+ 2.64‰, compared to control plants), probably due to stomata closure triggered by P deficiency. These findings highlight that tomato plants are able to take up a wide range of metabolites belonging to root exudates, thus maximizing C trade off. This trait is particularly evident when plants grew in P deficiency.
Microwave Absorbing properties of metal functionalized-CNT-polymer composite for stealth applications
Authors: Hussein Mousa I. , Jehangir Syed S. , Rajmohan I. J. , Haik Y. , Abdulrehman Tahir , Clément Q. , Vukadinovic N.
Published: September 2020

In this study, we report on the electrical properties of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) composites functionalized with metal or metal alloy oxides and embedded in a polyurethane matrix to develop a lightweight material for microwave absorption and shielding. The CNT nanoparticles are functionalized with metallic oxides such as Cobalt oxide, Iron oxide, and Cobalt Iron oxide, at three different concentrations. Metallic oxides are used at 5%, 10%, and 20% concentration of the total CNT percentage weight. The resulting functionalized CNT is mixed with polyurethane polymer at 5% wt of the total composite weight. Three sets of cylindrical samples are developed, and each set contains three different metal oxide concentrations. The dielectric properties of the nine developed samples are obtained by measuring their permittivity spectra using an open-ended coaxial probe technique in the spectral range 5–50 GHz. The absorption efficiency of the composites is then obtained by calculating the reflection loss at normal incidence. The results show that the spectral range of absorption can be tuned by changing the CNT concentration, and the material thickness. Functionalized CNT with different alloyed metal oxides enhanced the absorption efficiency of the polyurethane/CNT composites. Such functionalized composites can be used to replace the common heavyweight materials used for microwave applications.
Birth and birth-related obstetrical characteristics in southwestern China associated with the current adjustment of family planning policy: a 7-year retrospective study
Authors: Liu Xiyao , Huang Dongni , Wang Yu , Gao Yuwen , Chen Miaomiao , Bai Yuxiang , Wu Mengshi , Luo Xin , Qi Hongbo
Published: September 2020

In China, the adjustment of the family planning policy was expected to increase the number of births and trigger a change in the demographic and obstetrical background of pregnant women. The policy itself, and corresponding background variations of the pregnant mothers, might have various influences on certain birth-related characteristics. Moreover, the adaption of the medical system to the policy needs to be demonstrated. To address these issues, over 50,000 individual records from January 2012 to December 2018 were collected from a large tertiary care centre of southwest China as a representative. The monthly numbers of deliveries and births showed stabilized patterns after remarkable upward trends. Policy-sensitive women, among whom older age and multiparity were typical features, contributed considerably to the remarkable additional births. Indeed, multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the child policy and these two background characteristics as factors influencing CS (caesarean section) rate and certain pregnancy complications or adverse outcomes. After the implementation of the two-child policy, a care provider was faced with fewer but more difficult cases. Briefly speaking, more individual-based studies on family planning policy and more efforts to improve obstetrical service are needed to better guide clinical practice in the new era.
Bacteria-induced expression of the pig-derived protegrin-1 transgene specifically in the respiratory tract of mice enhances resistance to airway bacterial infection
Authors: Zeng Fang , Zhao Chengcheng , Wu Xiao , Dong Rui , Li Guoling , Zhu Qingchun , Zheng Enqin , Liu Dewu , Yang Jinzeng , Moisyadi Stefan , Urschitz Johann , Li Zicong , Wu Zhenfang
Published: September 2020

About 70% of all antibiotics produced in the world are used in the farm animal industry. The massive usage of antibiotics during farm animal production has caused rapid development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, which poses a serious risk to human and livestock health when treating bacterial infections. Protegrin-1 (PG-1) is a potent antimicrobial peptide (AMP). It was initially identified in pig leukocytes with a broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral activity, and a low rate of inducing bacterial resistance. To develop a genetic approach for reducing the use of antibiotics in farm animal production, we produced transgenic mice carrying a bovine tracheal AMP gene promoter-controlled PG-1 transgene. The PG-1 transgene was specifically expressed in the respiratory tract of transgenic mice upon induction by bacterial infection. These PG-1 transgenic mice exhibited enhanced resistance to nasal bacterial infection as the transgenic mice showed a higher survival rate (79.17% VS. 34.78%), lower bacterial load and milder histological severity than their wild-type control littermates. The improved resistance to bacterial infection in the PG-1 transgenic mice could be resulted from the direct bacteria-killing activities of PG-1, and the immunomodulatory effects of PG-1 via stimulating interleukin 1 beta secretion. The present study provides a promising genetic strategy to prevent airway bacterial infections in farm animals by bacteria-inducible tissue-specific expression of PG-1 transgene. This approach may also be helpful for decreasing the possibility of inducing bacterial resistance during farm animal production.
Potential for cervical cancer incidence and death resulting from Japan’s current policy of prolonged suspension of its governmental recommendation of the HPV vaccine
Authors: Yagi Asami , Ueda Yutaka , Nakagawa Satoshi , Ikeda Sayaka , Tanaka Yusuke , Sekine Masayuki , Miyagi Etsuko , Enomoto Takayuki , Kimura Tadashi
Published: September 2020

In 2013, recurrent reports of diverse symptoms occurring in girls after receiving HPV vaccination appeared in Japanese media. The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare quickly responded by announcing a temporary suspension of its recommendation for the vaccine. The HPV vaccination rate soon fell to almost zero. In the present study, we calculated the potential future numbers of cervical cancer incidence and death that will be increased by this policy decision. We have assumed that the number of yearly vaccinations is evenly distributed across a daily basis. Future incidence and death increased in females born in FY2000 are estimated to be 3651 and 904, respectively, 4566 and 1130 for those born in FY2001, 4645 and 1150 for those born in FY2002, and 4657 and 1153 for those born in FY2003. In FY2020, the large increase of risks to females born in FY2004 amounts to 12.0 females per day who will now be at a higher risk for acquiring of cervical cancer in their future, and 3.0 females per day newly at risk for future death from that disease in its progressive form. No one should be able to accept this situation. We sincerely ask the government to resume its recommendation for the vaccine as soon as possible.
Copper microsphere hybrid mesoporous carbon as matrix for preparation of shape-stabilized phase change materials with improved thermal properties
Authors: Liu Yi , Chen Yan , Zhang Junwei , Gao Junkai , Han Zhi
Published: September 2020

Copper microsphere hybrid mesoporous carbon (MPC-Cu) was synthesized by the pyrolysis of polydopamine microspheres doped with copper ions that were prepared using a novel, facile and simple one-step method of dopamine biomimetic polymerization and copper ion adsorption. The resulting MPC-Cu was then used as a supporter for polyethylene glycol (PEG) to synthesize shape-stabilized phase change materials (PEG/MPC-Cu) with enhanced thermal properties. PEG/MPC-Cu was studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal constant analysis. The results demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of PEG/MPC-Cu was 0.502 W/(m K), which increased by 100% compared to pure PEG [0.251 W/(m K)]. The melting enthalpy of PEG/MPC-Cu was 95.98 J/g, indicating that PEG/MPC-Cu is a promising candidate for future thermal energy storage applications. In addition, the characterization results suggested that PEG-MPC-Cu possessed high thermal stability. Therefore, the method developed in this paper for preparing shape-stabilized phase change materials with improved thermal properties has substantial engineering application prospects.
Time evolution of transient plasma states from nanowire arrays irradiated at relativistic intensities
Authors: Humphries O. S. , Allan P. , Brown C. R. D. , Hobbs L. M. R. , James S. F. , Ramsay M. G. , Williams B. , Hoarty D. J. , Hill M. P. , Vinko S. M.
Published: September 2020

Understanding the evolution of extreme states of matter driven by relativistic laser-plasma interactions is a fundamental problem in high-field physics. This is especially true for nanostructured targets, where hydrodynamic effects play a key role within the ultra-fast time scale of laser absorption. Nanowire array targets are of particular interest as they provide an efficient means to access the ultra-high-energy-density regime due to their increased optical absorption, and have been shown to act as very efficient x-ray emission sources. Here we present analysis of time-resolved x-ray emission spectroscopy from petawatt-irradiated Nickel nanowire arrays, used to characterise the conditions achieved when scaling the performance of nanowire targets to relativistic intensities. A full time evolution of the plasma conditions is extracted from the experimental data, and shows good agreement with the physical interaction picture developed by prior computational studies.
Dendrimer-modified magnetic nanoparticles as a sorbent in dispersive micro-solid phase extraction for preconcentration of metribuzin in a water sample
Authors: Moghadam Mojtaba Rahimi , Zargar Behrooz , Rastegarzadeh Saadat
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted to synthesize magnetic nanoparticles modified with generation 5 polyamidoamine dendrimer and apply them as a sorbent in the dispersive-micro-solid phase extraction method for preconcentration of metribuzin in water samples.
Materials promoting viral gene delivery
Authors: Kaygisiz Kübra , Synatschke Christopher V.
Published: September 2020

This review discusses the progress in developing materials that enhance viral transduction, including polymers, peptides, lipids, nanoparticles, and small molecules.
Iron β-diiminate complexes with As2-, As4- and As8-ligands
Authors: Spitzer Fabian , Balázs Gábor , Graßl Christian , Scheer Manfred
Published: September 2020

Depending on the sterics of the flanking group at the β-diiminate ligand at Fe(i) a tetramerisation or dimerisation of As4 units is observed; for the latter case the ligand conformation was influenced by the crystallization temperature.
Engineering bunched RhTe nanochains for efficient methanol oxidation electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Ziqiang , Zhang Hugang , Liu Songliang , Dai Zechuan , Wang Peng , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: September 2020

We report a two-step method for the synthesis of bunched RhTe nanochains for excellent electro-oxidation of methanol.
Synergistic effect of various intermolecular interactions on self-assembly and optoelectronic behaviour in co-crystals/salts of tetrabromoterephthalic acid: a report on their structure, theoretical study and Hirshfeld surface analysis
Authors: Singha Soumen , Goswami Somen , Dey Sanjay Kumar , Jana Rajkumar , Ray Parthapratim , Saha Indrajit , Rizzoli Corrado , Bag Parthapratim , Kumar Sanjay , Saha Rajat
Published: September 2020

Significance of Br···O and Br···π interactions in self-assembly in presence of hydrogen bonding and π···π interactions and the importance of charge separation, Br···π and π···π interactions on opto-electrical properties have been established.
Solvation energies of ions with ensemble cluster-continuum approach
Authors: Tomaník Lukáš , Muchová Eva , Slavíček Petr
Published: September 2020

An alternative cluster-continuum approach for the calculation of solvation free energies of ions.
Local dynamics of the photo-switchable protein PYP in ground and signalling state probed by 2D-IR spectroscopy of –SCN labels
Authors: Schmidt-Engler Julian M. , Blankenburg Larissa , Zangl Rene , Hoffmann Jan , Morgner Nina , Bredenbeck Jens
Published: September 2020

We employ 2D-IR spectroscopy of the protein label –SCN to describe the local dynamics in the photo-switchable protein PYP in its dark state (pG) and after photoactivation, concomitant with vast structural rearrangements, in its signalling state (pB).
Phonon, thermal, and thermo-optical properties of halide perovskites
Authors: Handa Taketo , Yamada Takumi , Nagai Masaya , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko
Published: September 2020

Halide perovskites possess unusual phonon and thermal properties, which lead to unique thermo-optical responses very different from those of conventional inorganic semiconductors.
Spectroscopic signatures of HHe2+ and HHe3+
Authors: Töpfer Matthias , Jensen Anders , Nagamori Keigo , Kohguchi Hiroshi , Szidarovszky Tamás , Császár Attila G. , Schlemmer Stephan , Asvany Oskar
Published: September 2020

Using two different action spectroscopic techniques, a high-resolution quantum cascade laser and a cryogenic ion trap machine, the proton shuttle motion of the cations HHe2+ and HHe3+ has been probed at a nominal temperature of 4 K.
Polyoxometalates in solution: speciation under spotlight
Authors: Gumerova Nadiia I. , Rompel Annette
Published: September 2020

The review covers stability and transformations of classical polyoxometalates in aqueous solutions and provides their ion-distribution diagrams over a wide pH range.
Blocking like it's hot: a synthetic chemists’ path to high-temperature lanthanide single molecule magnets
Authors: Goodwin Conrad A. P.
Published: September 2020

A synthetic chemists’ guide to contemporary advances in the field of lanthanide single molecule magnetism.
Adsorption of short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) from water/wastewater
Authors: Vu Chi Thanh , Wu Tingting
Published: September 2020

The adsorption of short-chain PFAAs has recently received increasing attention due to their potential for replacing the long-chain homologs.
A simple method for producing bio-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Sagues William J. , Yang Junghoon , Monroe Nicholas , Han Sang-Don , Vinzant Todd , Yung Matthew , Jameel Hasan , Nimlos Mark , Park Sunkyu
Published: September 2020

Renewable biomaterials are catalytically converted to graphite for use in lithium-ion anodes using a simple and scalable process.
Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge: effect of inorganic salts on hydrochar's physicochemical properties
Authors: Xu Zhi-Xiang , Shan Ya-Qi , Zhang Ze , Deng Xiao-Qiang , Yang Yong , Luque Rafael , Duan Pei-Gao
Published: September 2020

NaCl and (NH4)2SO4 were selected as typical inorganic salts (10 wt% addition) in order to analyze their effects on the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge (SS).
Evidences of starch–microwave interactions under hydrolytic and pyrolytic conditions
Authors: Yu Iris K. M. , Fan Jiajun , Budarin Vitaliy L. , Bouxin Florent P. , Clark James H. , Tsang Daniel C. W.
Published: September 2020

Superheating of starch substrates in microwaves helps to actualize a green, energy-efficient biorefinery of food wastes.
Tuning the coordination number of Fe single atoms for the efficient reduction of CO2
Authors: Chen Huihuang , Guo Xu , Kong Xiangdong , Xing Yulin , Liu Yan , Yu Bolong , Li Qun-Xiang , Geng Zhigang , Si Rui , Zeng Jie
Published: September 2020

The coordination number of Fe single-atom catalysts (Fe–N5/Fe–N6) significantly affects the electrocatalytic performance during CO2-to-CO conversion.
Integrated nucleic acid testing system to enable TB diagnosis in peripheral settings
Authors: Lu Hsiang-Wei , Sakamuri Rama , Kumar Pranav , Ferguson Tanya M. , Doebler Robert W. , Herrington Keith D. , Talbot Ryan P. , Weigel Kris M. , Nguyen Felicia K. , Cangelosi Gerard A. , Narita Masahiro , Boyle David S. , Niemz Angelika
Published: September 2020

We developed a nucleic acid testing device that automates pathogen lysis, DNA extraction, isothermal DNA amplification and lateral flow detection.
Using engineered 6-O-sulfotransferase to improve the synthesis of anticoagulant heparin
Authors: Yi Lin , Xu Yongmei , Kaminski Andrea M. , Chang Xiaobing , Pagadala Vijayakanth , Horton Maurice , Su Guowei , Wang Zhangjie , Lu Genmin , Conley Pamela , Zhang Zhenqing , Pedersen Lars C. , Liu Jian
Published: September 2020

Heparan sulfate (HS) and heparin are sulfated polysaccharides exhibiting diverse physiological functions.
Industrializable synthesis of narrow-dispersed carbon dots achieved by microwave-assisted selective carbonization of surfactants and their applications as fluorescent nano-additives
Authors: Fang Laiping , Wu Minjian , Huang Chushu , Liu Zhaoyang , Liang Jinlun , Zhang Hefeng
Published: September 2020

The robust and economic strategy for the large-scale synthesis of narrow-dispersed hydrophobic C-dots and their successful application as fluorescent nano-additives indicate that C-dots are ready to go from lab to industry.
Review on the production of high-purity lithium metal
Authors: Zhang Xin , Han Aiguo , Yang Yongan
Published: September 2020

This article presents a systematic review on the history of production of lithium metal and an insightful outlook on its future development.
Accurate regulation of pore distribution and atomic arrangement enabling highly efficient dual-carbon lithium ion capacitors
Authors: Li Guangchao , Yin Zhoulan , You Bianzheng , Dai Yuqing , Guo Huajun , Wang Zhixing , Yan Guochun , Wang Jiexi
Published: September 2020

The pore structure and atomic arrangement of nanosized carbon are accurately regulated by the smart combination ofin situgraphitization and self-activation effect.
Comprehensive properties study of low-temperature imidized polyimide with curing accelerators
Authors: Huang Chao , Li Jinhui , Sun Deliang , Xuan Rui , Sui Yuying , Li Tingyu , Shang Liang , Zhang Guoping , Sun Rong , Wong Ching Ping
Published: September 2020

Six curing accelerators of QL, IQL, 2-QL, 4-QL, 8-QL, and THQL were incorporated with PAA for low-temperature imidization. The results proved that the acidity and molecular structure possess significant effect on the properties of polyimides.
Predicting the genetic risk of glaucoma
Authors: Qassim Ayub , Siggs Owen M
Published: September 2020

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally and is one of the most heritable human diseases. Labelled the ‘silent thief of sight’, primary open angle glaucoma is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the retinal ganglion cells that can be treated by reducing intraocular pressure. Treatment is highly effective in preventing glaucoma vision loss; however, as it is asymptomatic in its early stages, many individuals with glaucoma are diagnosed only after a considerable amount of vision has already been lost. Given the high heritability of glaucoma, genetic risk profiling is now being explored as a way to identify individuals at the highest risk of developing glaucoma and those who will require the most intense treatment. Combining rare glaucoma-causing variants in single genes with more common genetic risk variants across many genes means that clinicians may soon be able to effectively stratify glaucoma risk across whole populations. This promises to maximize the efficiency of healthcare spending by prioritizing surveillance of high-risk individuals and reducing irreversible vision loss through early commencement of vision-saving treatments.
Experimental evidence and network pharmacology-based analysis reveal the molecular mechanism of Tongxinluo capsule administered in coronary heart diseases
Authors: Li Guode , Xu Qingbo , Han Kedong , Yan Wenhe , Huang Chaopei
Published: September 2020

Background: Tongxinluo (TXL) capsule, a polypharmacy derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been widely used in coronary heart disease (CHD), while the underlying mechanism of TXL capsule is still unclear. The present study aimed at investigating the underlying mechanism of TXL acting on CHD patients and providing substantial evidence in molecular evidence by means of a network pharmacological analysis.

Method: Active compounds and targeted genes of TXL were retrieved from TCM systems pharmacology (TCMSP) and TCM integrative database (TCMID). CHD and coronary artery disease were treated as search queries in GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) databases to obtain disease-related genes. Visualization of disease–targets network was performed under administration of Cytoscape software. Besides, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were administered. H9c2 cells were used to validate the predicted results in cardiomyocytes/reoxygenation model, and anti-inflammatory ability was examined.

Results: A network of a total of 212 nodes and 1016 edges was obtained. Peptide and ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding occupied a leading position of GO enrichment. For KEGG analysis, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, as well as inflammation-related pathways were enriched. Cellular validation revealed the anti-inflammatory effect of β-sitosterol, eriodictyol, odoricarpin, and tirucallol as active compounds of TXL.

Conclusion: Our study provided substantial molecular evidence that TXL capsule possessed the characteristics of multitargets with safe profile, and the main component is capable of regulating cytokine level in CHD patients.
Spatially resolved measurements of the solar photospheric oxygen abundance
Authors: Cubas Armas M. , Asensio Ramos A. , Socas-Navarro H.
Published: September 2020

Aims. We report the results of a novel determination of the solar oxygen abundance using spatially resolved observations and inversions. We seek to derive the photospheric solar oxygen abundance with a method that is robust against uncertainties in the model atmosphere.

Methods. We use observations with spatial resolution obtained at the Vacuum Tower Telescope to derive the oxygen abundance at 40 different spatial positions in granules and intergranular lanes. We first obtain a model for each location by inverting the Fe I lines with the NICOLE inversion code. These models are then integrated into a hierarchical Bayesian model that is used to infer the most probable value for the oxygen abundance that is compatible with all the observations. The abundance is derived from the [O I] forbidden line at 6300 Å taking into consideration all possible nuisance parameters that can affect the abundance.

Results. Our results show good agreement in the inferred oxygen abundance for all the pixels analyzed, demonstrating the robustness of the analysis against possible systematic errors in the model. We find a slightly higher oxygen abundance in granules than in intergranular lanes when treated separately (log(ϵO) = 8.83 ± 0.02 vs. log(ϵO) = 8.76 ± 0.02), which is a difference of approximately 2-σ. This tension suggests that some systematic errors in the model or the radiative transfer still exist but are small. When taking all pixels together, we obtain an oxygen abundance of log(ϵO) = 8.80 ± 0.03, which is compatible with both granules and lanes within 1-σ. The spread of results is due to both systematic and random errors.