bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pflege und Gesundheit – zwei ungleiche Schwestern?
Authors: Sundmacher Torsten
Published: April 2016

The Social Long-term Care Insurance (Gesetzliche Pflegeversicherung, GPV) is in a crisis which will clearly intensify without reforms. An important solution strategy is the introduction of competition elements. This concerns the competition between the Long-term Care Insurance as well as the competition between the service providers. In comparison to the Social Health Insurance (Gesetzliche Krankenvereicherung, GKV) this coordination procedure can be found up to now very rarely. It is examined with the help of the market failure theory which market problems can be found in the area of long-term care. Here, nursing goods as well as the market for nursing insurances are examined. In comparison to the GKV, the lacking consumer’s sovereignty and problems with principal-agent-relations aggravate the situation in the GPV. However, other market failures are rather less important. An enlarged discussion of differences between GPV and GKV leads to the question of the institutional arrangement. This concerns on the one hand the possible amount of market and competition in the GPV as well as, on the other hand, the relation between GKV and GPV. In particular the interface problems between both social insurance systems are discussed.
Oil Price Indexing Of Natural Gas Prices
Authors: Bartholomae Florian , Morasch Karl
Published: April 2016

Die Ölpreisbindung des Erdgaspreises ist ein hervorstechendes Merkmal des Gasmarktes in Deutschland und anderen europäischen Ländern. Diese Besonderheit ist eng verknüpft mit der Existenz lokaler Monopole (trotz Liberalisierung bestehen diese bislang zumindest in Deutschland de facto weiterhin) und sogenannter „take-or-pay” Verträge (TOP contracts), d. h. fixer Abnahmeverpflichtungen zu einem an die Entwicklung des Ölpreises gekoppelten Abnahmepreis. Nach einer Diskussion der Beziehung zwischen diesen drei Besonderheiten des Erdgasmarktes und der möglichen Gründe für die Ölpreisbindung analysieren wir diese Strategie in einem Oligopolmodell mit differenzierten Produkten mit einem monopolistischen Erdgasanbieter und einem oder mehreren konkurrierenden Ölhändlern. Zunächst zeigen wir im Rahmen einer symmetrischen Spezifikation auf, wie die Ölpreisbindung die Kollusion zwischen Erdgas- und Ölanbietern ermöglicht. Anschließend berücksichtigen wir mögliche Asymmetrien zwischen den beiden Energieformen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass das Ergebnis bei Symmetrie nicht robust ist und wir diskutieren im Detail wie die Auswirkung der Ölpreisbindung auf Preise, Gewinne und Wohlfahrt von der Art und vom Ausmaß der Asymmetrien abhängt.
The macroeconomics of lending of last resort
Authors: Berlemann Michael , Zeidler Michael
Published: April 2016

Das vorliegende Papier beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, unter welchen Umstanden Zentralbanken Geschäftsbanken Liquiditätshilfen im Sinne eines Lenders of Last Resort anbieten. Wir argumentieren, dass LOLR Transaktionen vorrangig durch das makroökonomische Stabilisierungsziele motiviert sind. Durch die Gewährung von Liquiditätshilfen senkt die Zentralbank die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass Geschäftsbanken geschlossen werden müssen und reduzieren hierdurch die aus Bankzusammenbrüchen resultierende Unsicherheit über die Hohe des Geldmultiplikators. Dies fuhrt zu einer geringeren Varianz der Inflationsrate und des Outputs einer Volkswirtschaft. Das präsentierte Modell erklärt auch, warum Zentralbanken dazu neigen, vor allem große Geschäftsbanken zu stutzen wahrend kleine Banken tendenziell sich selbst überlassen werden. Schließlich analysieren wir auch die Wirkung von Moral-Hazard-Verhalten auf der Seite der Geschäftsbanken in Folge von potenziellen LOLR Transaktionen durch die Zentralbank. Interessanterweise fuhrt Moral Hazard zu einem höheren Grad an makroökonomischer Stabilität bei gleichzeitig höheren Stabilisierungskosten.
Zur Internationalisierung des Dienstleistungssektors
Authors: Koopmann Georg , Straubhaar Thomas
Published: April 2016

Advances in information and communication technology and especially the Internet have increasingly facilitated the provision of services across national borders. To a growing extent, foreign trade in services is also indispensable to the proper functioning of international value-added chains in both the goods and the services sector. At the same time, while the internationalisation in services has been proceeding even faster than that in goods, its degree is still relatively low, which indicates a high potential for further growth. The removal of the many barriers that still obstruct international services trade would produce substantial and widely spread welfare gains. Due to the intermediary function of services, liberalisation in this area would also boost the international competitiveness of goods-producing industries. This mostly holds for manufacturing in developing countries. On the other hand, the argument that the outsourcing or offshoring of services might involve major employment losses in industrialised countries appears to be ill-founded. The liberalisation of trade in services could be greatly enhanced through a shift in multilateral negotiating techniques: replacing the positive-list approach, which currently prevails, through a procedure primarily relying on negative lists with closely specified exceptions could contain the negative influence of vested interests in this trade policy field and thus aid the common welfare.
Standort und Raumstruktur
Authors: Kleinewefers Henner
Published: April 2016

The paper surveys traditional and more recent contributions to the Theory of Regional Economics. It starts by introducing the basic research questions in this field. Then the contributions of von Thünen, Weber and Christaller, explaining the regional distribution of economic activity in agriculture and industry are presented and put in perspective, together with the generalizations of Lösch and von Böventer. Center-periphery issues, agglomeration-deglomeration forces and the relations between Regional and International Economics are discussed. Finally the paper shifts to the new set up oft the field, called New Economic Geography. The revitalization of the program owns much to Krugman, whose basic model is outlined as a starting point. The paper hints to several attractive extensions of this basic model. The paper, acknowledging the model’s simple and elegant structure, raises however some doubts on its empirical relevance and its value for policy makers. In addition it seems quite poor in institutional detail, compared to the earlier literature.
Strategic Debt Management within the Stability and Growth Pact
Authors: Sieg Gernot , Stegemann Ulrike
Published: April 2016

Opportunistic politicians use the composition of public debt as a signal for competence. A competent government will not issue long-term nominal debt, as optimal to balance the budget, but long-term inflation-indexed debt. We consider politicians that pursue the objective of a balanced budget subject to the Stability and Growth Pact and reelection. A government’s competence is reflected by its ability to produce a public service at a lower cost (taxes). Competence is private information of politicians.
Vom Gelde
Authors: Sauernheimer Karlhans
Published: April 2016

The paper looks back on the historical role of money. It starts by commenting on the different perceptions of money and a monetary economy by economists and noneconomists. Later on special emphasis is given to the most important functions and the different kinds of money in history. Furthermore there is a short review on the money creation process as well as on the effects of money on the real sector in the economy, sometimes stimulating production and employment and sometimes generating inflation. The paper finally links the historical monetary experiences to two recent disturbing monetary developments: the 2008 worldwide crisis of the banking and financial industries on the one hand and the actual and potential solvency crisis of Euro-area countries. It concludes with some remarks on the feasability of a monetary union between countries with different levels of and different attitudes to public debt.
Rising Import Demand in China: Cui Bono and Why?
Authors: Langhammer Rolf
Published: April 2016

The paper measures income elasticities of demand for manufacturing imports in China since 1990 disaggregated by major trading partners such as the US, Japan, Germany and rest of the EU. German exporters seem to have benefited from the highest demand elasticities. The paper proposes explanatory factors such as a high degree of integration in international production chains and higher presence of foreign direct investment in China compared to partner countries responsible for the German success.
Aid Transfers, Supply Shocks, Dutch Disease and the Informal Sector
Authors: Ressel Gerhard
Published: April 2016

I present an integral approach for the analysis of supply shocks, financial transfers and combinations thereof in a model of monopolistic competition. Introducing an informal sector reveals an asymmetry between „spending“ the value of the transfer by the recipient government and „absorption“, i. e. selling the foreign exchange by the recipient central bank: With flexible prices, the increased demand for formal sector domestic goods does not only crowd out exports, but also informal sector products. The real appreciation after selling foreign exchange crowds out exports and cheapens nontradables. With wage and price rigidities in the formal sectors, the adjustment pressure on the informal sector is increased.
Engines of Growth: Education and Innovation
Authors: Stadler Manfred
Published: April 2016

The paper presents a dynamic general-equilibrium model of education, quality and variety innovation, and scale-invariant growth. We consider endogenous human-capital accumulation in an educational sector and quality and variety innovation in two separate R&D sectors. In the balanced growth equilibrium education and innovation appear as in-line engines of growth and government can accelerate growth by subsidizing education or by enhancing the effectiveness of the educational sector.
Elevated electrochemical corrosion behavior of a B4C/Al neutron absorber by shot peening modification
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Wang Wenxian , Wang Baocheng , Zhang Peng , Chen Hongsheng
Published: April 2016

The shot peening (SP) method was employed to modify the surface properties of 33% B4C/Al composites. The microhardness, morphology, and corrosion behavior of B4C/Al composites were characterized by using the Vickers hardness test, scanning electron microscopy, potential dynamic scanning, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The experimental observations revealed that the B4C particles were embedded into the matrix, which rendered the plastic deformation of Al alloy near the surface of B4C/Al composites on the condition of the high-speed impact of projectiles. As such, the density and hardness of the B4C/Al composite modified layer near the surface were enhanced. After the SP treatment, the results of the electrochemical polarization curve test showed that the corrosion potential increased by 55.2 mV, the corrosion current changed from 3.828×10-6 to 1.102×10-6 A/cm2, and the corrosion rate decreased by 72.2%, respectively. This indicates that the corrosion resistance significantly improved via the SP treatment. The mechanism of the formation of Al alloy modified layer and electrochemical corrosion behaviors is discussed in detail.
Hepatitis C Therapy – Related Haematological Side Effects are Associated with Treatment Outcome / Hematološka Neželjena Dejstva Terapije Hepatitisa C Su Povezana Sa Ishodom Lecenja
Authors: Vukovic Vuk R. , Baskic Dejan , Mijailovic Zeljko , Djurdjevic Predrag
Published: April 2016

Treatment of patients suffering from chronic hepatitis C with standard pegylated interferon alpha 2a plus ribavirin has limited efficacy. Therapy outcome is dependent on several factors of both the host and virus, including age, sex, stage of fibrosis, viral genotype, viral load, and occurrence of haematological adverse events during chronic hepatitis C treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the viral and host factors and the haematological side effects of therapy with sustained virological response.

Fifty-four patients were treated with combined pegylated interferon alpha 2a plus ribavirin therapy. Hepatitis C virus genotyping, viral load, histopathological liver changes and biochemical parameters were evaluated for each patient before beginning treatment. Each patient’s blood count was analysed during each clinical visit.

Sustained virological response was achieved in 75,9% of patients. Baseline AST and ALT levels were significantly higher in patients with a poor response to therapy (p<0,05). Other clinical and laboratory parameters did not reach statistical significance. Both responders and non-responders developed anaemia. A decrease in thrombocytes, neutrophils and white blood cells was significantly associated with a sustained response to therapy (p<0,05, p<0,05 and p<0,001, respectively).

Sustained virological response was associated with lower baseline AST and ALT values and thrombocytopenia, leucopenia and neutropenia at the end of the treatment. All treated patients developed anaemia.
Somatosensory Representations Link the Perception of Emotional Expressions and Sensory Experience
Authors: Kragel Philip A. , LaBar Kevin S.
Published: April 2016

Studies of human emotion perception have linked a distributed set of brain regions to the recognition of emotion in facial, vocal, and body expressions. In particular, lesions to somatosensory cortex in the right hemisphere have been shown to impair recognition of facial and vocal expressions of emotion. Although these findings suggest that somatosensory cortex represents body states associated with distinct emotions, such as a furrowed brow or gaping jaw, functional evidence directly linking somatosensory activity and subjective experience during emotion perception is critically lacking. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and multivariate decoding techniques, we show that perceiving vocal and facial expressions of emotion yields hemodynamic activity in right somatosensory cortex that discriminates among emotion categories, exhibits somatotopic organization, and tracks self-reported sensory experience. The findings both support embodied accounts of emotion and provide mechanistic insight into how emotional expressions are capable of biasing subjective experience in those who perceive them.
Traumatic avulsion of the tricuspid valve after gas bottle explosion
Authors: Tedoldi Francesca , Krisper Maximilian , Köhncke Clemens , Pieske Burkert
Published: April 2016

We present a very rare example of chronic right heart failure caused by torrent tricuspid regurgitation. Massive right heart dilatation and severe tricuspid regurgitation due to avulsion of the tricuspid valve apparatus occurred as a result of a blunt chest trauma following the explosion of a gas bottle 20 years before admission, when the patient was a young man in Vietnam. After this incident, the patient went through a phase of severe illness, which can retrospectively be identified as an acute right heart decompensation with malaise, ankle edema, and dyspnea. Blunt chest trauma caused by explosives leading to valvular dysfunction has not been reported in the literature so far. It is remarkable that the patient not only survived this trauma, but had been managing his chronic heart failure well without medication for over 20 years.
“Me first!” or Why The Bundeskartellamt Approach in the Hotel Platform Cases Is an Unfortunate Precedent
Authors: Stadler Christoph
Published: April 2016

This paper offers a critique of the December 2013 prohibition order of the Bundeskartellamt in the HRS hotel platform case. It discusses the FCO’s market investigation, its definition of the relevant market, its theory of harm as well as its assessment of efficiencies. The paper argues that, from a policy point of view, the FCO’s approach of issuing prohibition orders against HRS and Booking.com in the absence of adequate co-ordination with other competition authorities in the EU, is not a model to be followed in the ECN.
HEALTH SAFETY OF EDIBLE WILD MUSHROOMS COLLECTED FROM THE INDUSTRIAL AREA
Authors: Wesołowska Monika , Filipczyk Piotr , Zaguła Grzegorz , Puchalski CzesÅaw , Dżugan MaÅgorzata
Published: April 2016

The health risk associated with consumption of edible mushrooms derived from area surrounding the metallurgical plants was assessed. Three species (Xerocomus badius (Fr.), Suillus luteus (L.) and Leccinum scabrum (Bull.) Grey) of mushrooms have been studied. Samples were collected at increasing distances (0.2, 5, 10, and 15km) from the border of an industrial area. Determination of the content of 13 elements (Al, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Tl, Zn and Se) using ICP-OES method with prior microwave mineralization was made. Among studied metals only Al concentration in mushrooms was distance-dependent. The content of Al in tested samples ranged from 2.8 – 39.6 mg.kg-1 dry matter and significantly (P
GENETIC DIVESITY AND EXTRACELULLAR ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS STRAINS FROM MILK POWDER
Authors: J. González Marcela , A. Olivera Jorge , Bermúdez Jorge , M. Reginensi Stella
Published: April 2016

A total of 379 B. licheniformis strains isolated from commercial milk powder were characterized genotypically and phenotypically. RAPD analysis yielded three different profiles, which include all isolates in this study, which could be assigned to strain F (n=375) or strain G (n=4), strain F also could be divided into two groups (group 1, n = 117; group 2, n = 258). Clustering by pairwise sequence similarity and phylogenetic relationships between isolates based on comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, showed two well defined groups. Group I contains all isolates tested belonging to genotype F, and Group II consists of three G genotype isolates. A total of 32 isolates, respecting the representation of each genotype, were randomly selected for extracellular enzymatic activity plate assays. Most isolates (25 out of 32) showed extracellular proteinase, lipase and amylase activity. Hydrolytic activities tested in this study are strain-dependent and none enzymatic activity could be linked to a defined group at genetic level. Preliminar characterization of proteolytic crude enzyme extract suggests the presence of a metal-activated serine protease active at an optimun temperature of 60 ºC. The exoenzymes production and its variation against different factors such as temperature, is isolate dependent so these results indicate that not all B. licheniformis strains may mean the same risk to process or product quality.
Az egészségügyi kártérítési perek kommunikációs vonatkozásai
Authors: Pilling János , Erdélyi Kamilla
Published: April 2016

Due to problems experienced in health care, there is an increased amount of malpractice suits nowadays. Nevertheless, some physicians are more likely to be sued, or more frequently sued, than others. Numerous studies indicate that this phenomenon fundamentally results from a lack of interpersonal and communication skills on the part of the sued doctor, namely, deficiencies in questioning the patient, listening, conveying information, etc. Communication is of pivotal importance in patient care vis-à-vis medical errors as well. The majority of physicians aim to conceal the error, albeit this may lead to further deterioration of the patient’s condition. In institutions where open communication regarding errors was introduced within the medical team and toward the patient and their family alike, the number of malpractice suits decreased. It is crucial to establish a means of support for doctors, and to promote communication trainings, as well as a supportive legal environment. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(17), 654–658.
Az orvos–beteg kommunikáció jelentősége a szomatizáló páciensek ellátásában
Authors: Stauder Adrienne , Eörsi Dániel , Pilling János
Published: April 2016

The term “somatization” refers to the manifestation of multiple somatic complaints not explained by organic changes. According to the literature, 15–25 percent of all medical visits are related to somatization. As medical training does not put enough emphasis on the evaluation of the possible psychological background of certain somatic symptoms, physicians may feel powerless and make unjustified diagnostic and therapeutic efforts. The patients may also feel helpless and frustrated, their anxiety and the intensity of their complaints may increase. As stress is an important factor in the somatization process, stress reduction and improvement of coping are key elements of the treatment guidelines for chronic diseases. Evidence based interventions range from short counselling and medication to cognitive and behavioral psychotherapy. Reattribution, a short (10–30 minutes) structured intervention that can be implemented in primary or secondary care, in certain cases can result in significant decrease in somatic symptoms and anxiety. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(17), 664–668.
Az orvos–beteg kommunikáció csapdái daganatos betegség esetén
Authors: Muszbek Katalin , Gaal Ilona
Published: April 2016

There is a “confusion of tongues” in the communication between patient and physician that hinders mutual understanding. Cancer – because of its malignant and often chronic nature – accentuates the communication problems and emphasizes the importance of human relationship. The confusion of tongues can only be resolved through understanding of the situation and motivations of the other person. Thus our aim is to help medical doctors to recognize and understand the most important communication characteristics of the doctor–patient interactions that are strained by the burden of cancer. Interviews with directly concerned professionals and non-professionals were recorded in order to reveal the most common communication disturbances. The majority of the “communication vacuum” arose when bad news should be disclosed for the patient, as bad news is bad for the physician as well. It is emotionally burdening to perceive bad news, and a big challenge for the physician to break it gently, to be tactful, while he/she has no possibility to pay attention with regard to his/her own emotional stability. Medical doctors can cope with this challenge if they are acquainted with the psychological difficulties of the patients that block the effective medical communication. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(17), 649–653.
Kommunikáció az egészségügyben – jogi vonatkozások
Authors: Mina András
Published: April 2016

This paper is focusing on the legal aspects of communication in health care, especially on doctor–patient relationship, responsibility for information, communication of adverse events, and legal declarations. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(17), 675–679.
Cissus vitiginea L.: a new addition to the flora of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Meena K. L.
Published: April 2016

Cissus vitiginea L. (Vitaceae) is reported from the state of Madhya Pradesh (India) for the first time.
New records of bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) from Argentina
Authors: Gamboa Alurralde Santiago , Sánchez R. Tatiana , Barquez Rubén M. , Díaz M. Mónica
Published: April 2016

We provide new distributional records for five species of bats from Argentina, of the families Vespertilionidae and Molossidae, representing new records for Catamarca, Chaco, La Rioja, Misiones, and San Juan provinces, as well as unpublished data for several phytogeographic regions of the country. This information adds important extensions to the distribution of Eumops glaucinus (Wagner, 1843) in Argentina.
Bird diversity of the Amrutganga Valley, Kedarnath, Uttarakhand, India with an emphasis on the elevational distribution of species
Authors: Dixit Soham , Joshi Viral , Barve Sahas
Published: April 2016

A unique aspect of montane birds is the elevational stratification they show in their distribution, but in the Himalayas, a subset of the species show elevational migration, making bird communities on these mountains especially dynamic. Thus, understanding the elevational distribution and movement of species across seasons is important to fully understand broad-scale community patterns. In this study, we compile a comprehensive checklist of birds along a 2,300 m Hima­layan elevational gradient in the Amrutganga Valley, Kedarnath Wildlife Division, Uttarakhand, India. We recorded 244 species including 34 species new for the area and two new species for the state. Most importantly, we describe the elevational distribution of more than a 200 species and the dates of first sighting for several summer migrants in the season. We also studied changes in species richness and turnover at multiple elevations across seasons. We hope that this study provides a baseline for future research on elevational distribution of birds in the Western Himalayas.
SPLENIC ARTERY EMBOLIZATION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Granov D. A. , Tarazov P. G. , Polikarpov A. A. , Borovik V. V. , Rutkin I. O. , Tileubergenov I. I.
Published: April 2016

Aim:to analyze the results of embolization of the splenic artery in fi ve patients after orthotopic liver transplantation.

Materials and methods.Embolization of the splenic artery was performed 6 times in fi ve (3.2%) of 158 patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation in terms from 2 months up to 10 years after surgery. The indications for embolization in 3 cases were the manifestations of hypersplenism syndrome, in 3 others – splenic artery steal syndrome.

Results.In 3 cases of splenic artery embolization, performed in connection with the manifestations of hypersplenism: 2 – recurrent disease, 1 – splenic infarction. In all these cases a splenectomy was required. In 3 cases when embolization was performed in connection with the display of the splenic artery steal syndrome remission was achieved, splenectomy was not required.

Conclusion.Splenic artery embolization can be considered as a method of treating patients with manifestations of steal syndrome and hypersplenism after orthotopic liver transplantation. The most pronounced effect was achieved in patients with a predominance of manifestations of steal syndrome.
IDENTIFICATION OF ISLET CAPACITY IN DONOR’S PANCREAS USING IMMUNOMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Skaletskiy N. N. , Kirsanova L. A. , Bubentsova G. N. , Baranova N. V. , Skaletskaya G. N. , Sevastianov V. I.
Published: April 2016

The aimof the work was detailed morphological investigations of donor pancreas (DP) for the study of possibilities of maximal selection of islet tissue suitable for transplantation to a patient of diabetes mellitus type 1.

Materials and methods.Eight DPs were received as a result of multiorgan donation. Morphological investigations were performed by means of histological and special immunohistochemical methods.

Results.The Majority of islets were revealed in the tail part of the DP. Besides typical Langerhans islets with predominance of mosaically located beta cells, the accumulations of islet cells forming so-called interlobular (perilobular) islets were revealed in the layers of interlobular connecting tissue. In addition, in the cells of ductal epithelium nestin which is a marker of progenitor cells was revealed.

Conclusion.To obtain the maximal potential of islet tissue from DP it is necessary to use interlobular located islets as well as to use progenitor cells of pancreas, which have the ability to transdifferentiate into islet cells.
ACUTE TACROLIMUS-INDUCED KIDNEY INSUFFICIENCY IN PATIENT AFTER HEART TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Doronin D. V. , Chernyavskiy A. M. , Fomichev A. V. , Deryagin M. N. , Gorbatykh V. N.
Published: April 2016

In recent years the success of transplantation is associated primarily with extensive use of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) – cyclosporine and tacrolimus which became the basis of the various immunosuppressive therapy protocols. These drugs despite their effectiveness in the prevention of transplant rejection have serious side effects. Nephrosclerosis due to chronic nephrotoxic effect is recognized as the most important of them. But along with chronic nephrotoxic effects there are cases of acute kidney injury on the background of calcineurin inhibitors usage. The article presents a clinical case demonstrating the development of severe reversible nephropathy in a patient after heart transplantation receiving tacrolimus in standard dose.
GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION LIVING IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN
Authors: Loginova M. A. , Paramonov I. V. , Pavlov V. N. , Safuanova G. Sh.
Published: April 2016

Sequence based typing was used to identify human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 alleles in 1,064 recruited volunteers in the Republic of Bashkortostan of the Russian Federation for unrelated hematopoietic stem cell registry. During the carried out research two new alleles were identified in the studied population; one was registered in the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System, the other one was submitted for registration. In this population 17 HLA-A, 29 – HLA-B, 13 – HLA-C, 13 – HLA-DRB1 groups of alleles were selected. Allele frequencies of more than 10% included HLA-A*02 (29.37%), 24 (12.92%), 01 (11.84%), 03 (11.61%), HLA-B*35 (11.51%), 07 (10.76%), HLA-C*07 (22.56%), 06 (15.51%), 04 (13.06%), 03 (10.43%), 12 (10.24%), HLA-DRB1*07 (17.25%), 15 (12.73%), 13 (11.98%), 01 (11.84%), 04 (11.61%). 711 HLA-A-B-C-DRB1 four-locus haplotypes were determined using the software Arlequin v.3.1. The most frequently observed four-locus haplotypes were A*02-B*13-C*06-DRB1*07, A*03-B*35-C*07-DRB1*15, A*02- B*07-C*07-DRB1*15 with frequencies of 2.89%, 2.18% and 1.93%, respectively. The distribution of alleles and haplotype analysis allowed comparing the populations of the Republic of Bashkortostan with the other Russian populations.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN PEDIATRIC LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS
Authors: Tsiroulnikova O. M. , Zhilkin I. V. , Akhaladze D. G.
Published: April 2016

Liver transplantation is a life-saving procedure for many forms of end-stage liver disease in pediatrics. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common and signifi cant posttransplant infection after pediatric liver transplant (PLT) with developing an episode of CMV infection or disease. It is well known that CMV increases risk of graft loss. The review presents aspects of etiology and epidemiology of CMV after PLT, approaches employed in diagnostics and prophylaxis of CMV, algorithms for valganciclovir dosing and methods to prevent complications associated with CMV. The latest data on current prevention strategies in pediatric liver transplantation centers in the world are also presented.
Increased sexual arousal in patients with movement disorders
Authors: Teive Hélio A. G. , Moro Adriana , Moscovich Mariana , Munhoz Renato P.
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT Increased of sexual arousal (ISA) has been described in different neurological diseases. The purpose of this study was present a case series of ISA in patients with movement disorders. Method Fifteen patients with different forms of movement disorders (Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Tourette´s syndrome, spinocerebellar ataxia type 3), were evaluated in the Movement Disorders Unit of the Federal University of Paraná. Results Among Parkinson’s disease patients there were seven cases with different forms of ISA due to dopaminergic agonist use, levodopa abuse, and deep brain stimulation (DBS). In the group with hyperkinetic disorders, two patients with Huntington’s disease, two with Tourette’s syndrome, and four with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 presented with ISA. Conclusions ISA in this group of patients had different etiologies, predominantly related to dopaminergic treatment or DBS in Parkinson’s disease, part of the background clinical picture in Huntington’s disease and Tourette’s syndrome, and probably associated with cultural aspects in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.
Muscular weakness represents the main limiting factor of walk, functional independence and quality of life of myelopathy patients associated to HTLV-1
Authors: Caiafa Renata Costa , Orsini Marco , Felicio Lilian R. , Puccioni-Sohler Marzia
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT HTLV-1-associated myelopathy is a progressive disabling disease associated with gait abnormalities. Objective To identify and quantify the main muscles affected by weakness and spasticity, their impact on gait, functional capacity and on quality of life of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy patients. Method We evaluated lower limbs muscular strength according to the Medical Research Council scale, spasticity according to the modified Ashworth scale, daily activities according to the Barthel Index and quality of life according to the Short-Form Health Survey-36 of 26 HTLV-1-associated myelopathy patients. Results The muscles most affected by weakness included the dorsal flexors and knee flexors. Spasticity predominated in the hip adductor muscles and in plantar flexors. Assistance for locomotion, minimal dependence in daily activities, limitations in functional capacity and physical aspects were the most common findings. Conclusion The impairment of gait, functional dependence and quality of life were predominantly a consequence of intense muscle weakness in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy patients.
Time perception and age
Authors: Ferreira Vanessa Fernanda Moreira , Paiva Gabriel Pina , Prando Natália , Graça Carla Renata , Kouyoumdjian João Aris
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT Our internal clock system is predominantly dopaminergic, but memory is predominantly cholinergic. Here, we examined the common sensibility encapsulated in the statement: “time goes faster as we get older”. Objective To measure a 2 min time interval, counted mentally in subjects of different age groups. Method 233 healthy subjects (129 women) were divided into three age groups: G1, 15-29 years; G2, 30-49 years; and G3, 50-89 years. Subjects were asked to close their eyes and mentally count the passing of 120 s. Results The elapsed times were: G1, mean = 114.9 ± 35 s; G2, mean = 96.0 ± 34.3 s; G3, mean = 86.6 ± 34.9 s. The ANOVA-Bonferroni multiple comparison test showed that G3 and G1 results were significantly different (P < 0.001). Conclusion Mental calculations of 120 s were shortened by an average of 24.6% (28.3 s) in individuals over age 50 years compared to individuals under age 30 years.
Phonological awareness and sinusoidal amplitude modulation in phonological dislexia
Authors: Peñaloza-López Yolanda , Herrera-Rangel Aline , Pérez-Ruiz Santiago J. , Poblano Adrián
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT Objective Dyslexia is the difficulty of children in learning to read and write as results of neurological deficiencies. The objective was to test the Phonological awareness (PA) and Sinusoidal amplitude modulation (SAM) threshold in children with Phonological dyslexia (PD). Methods We performed a case-control, analytic, cross sectional study. We studied 14 children with PD and 14 control children from 7 to 11 years of age, by means of PA measurement and by SAM test. The mean age of dyslexic children was 8.39 years and in the control group was 8.15. Results Children with PD exhibited inadequate skills in PA, and SAM. We found significant correlations between PA and SAM at 4 Hertz frequency, and calculated regression equations that predicts between one-fourth and one-third of variance of measurements. Conclusion Alterations in PA and SAM found can help to explain basis of deficient language processing exhibited by children with PD.
The Hitchhiker’s guide to the rhinencephalon
Authors: Silveira-Moriyama Laura , Glass Philip , Rajan Suraj , Carvalho Rafael , Reis Fabiano , Penatti Carlos A. A. , Muio Valeria
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT Pathology of the rhinencephalon has been a subject of interest in the fields of neurodegenerative diseases, trauma, epilepsy and other neurological conditions. Most of what is known about the human rhinencephalon comes from comparative anatomy studies in other mammals and histological studies in primates. Functional imaging studies can provide new and important insight into the function of the rhinencephalon in humans but have limited spatial resolution, limiting its contribution to the study of the anatomy of the human rhinencephalon. In this study we aim to provide a brief and objective review of the anatomy of this important and often overlooked area of the nervous system.
Acesso a medicamentos para tratamento de condições agudas prescritos a adultos nas regiões Sul e Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Paniz Vera Maria Vieira , Cechin Isabel Carolina Coelho Flores , Fassa Anaclaudia Gastal , Piccini Roberto Xavier , Tomasi Elaine , Thumé Elaine , Silveira Denise Silva da , Facchini Luiz Augusto
Published: April 2016

Estudo transversal no âmbito do Projeto de Expansão e Consolidação Saúde da Família de 2005, com o objetivo de avaliar o acesso total e gratuito a medicamentos prescritos na última consulta médica, para problemas agudos de saúde, e estimar quanto o acesso pode ter melhorado com a inclusão dos medicamentos em políticas e programas vigentes. A amostra incluiu 4.060 adultos residentes na área das unidades básicas de saúde de 41 municípios do Sul e Nordeste do Brasil. O acesso foi maior no Sul (83,2%) do que no Nordeste (71%) e o acesso gratuito foi semelhante (37%), com maior participação do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) em relação ao modelo tradicional especialmente no Nordeste. Cerca de 60% dos medicamentos prescritos e 50% dos presentes na Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (RENAME) foram pagos. Nenhuma variação foi observada na proporção de medicamentos presentes na RENAME vigente e acesso. Contudo, 40% dos medicamentos que foram pagos podem atualmente ser obtidos por meio do Programa Farmácia Popular. Esse programa parece surgir como uma nova forma de garantir o acesso a medicamentos prescritos no sistema de saúde.
Condições associadas a prejuízo de desempenho em habilidades sociais em uma amostra de conveniência de usuários de crack
Authors: LessaHorta Rogério , Schäfer Julia Luiza , Coelho Leda Rubia Maurina , Rodrigues Viviane Samoel , Oliveira Margareth Silva de , Teixeira Vanessa Andina
Published: April 2016

O artigo apresenta condições associadas a escores deficitários no Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS) entre usuários de crack da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Estudo transversal, com amostragem de conveniência de 519 indivíduos, entrevistados em 2011. Escore deficitário no IHS ocorreu para 52,8% da amostra e não houve diferenças quanto a estar ou não em uso ativo de crack, ou quanto a estar ou não em atendimento. Apresentaram probabilidade aumentada de déficit no IHS os usuários de crack em pré-contemplação ou contemplação no University of Rhode Island Change Assessment - URICA (p = 0,031), com escores elevados no Inventário de Depressão de Beck - BDI (p = 0,037) os que viveram luto de filho (p = 0,001) e os que já assaltaram para obter o crack (p = 0,020). Com probabilidade diminuída estavam os que tinham escolaridade de 9 anos ou mais (p = 0,001), apoio social elevado (p < 0,001), resiliência elevada (p < 0,001), com histórico de ter perdido o contato com seus pais (p = 0,032), já tendo sido hospitalizado em função da droga (p = 0,009) e que relataram já ter mantido atividade sexual para obter a pedra (p = 0,009). Os achados têm utilidade clínica e mostram a importância do tema.
Violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher: estudo de casos e controles com vítimas atendidas em serviços de urgência e emergência
Authors: Garcia Leila Posenato , Duarte Elisabeth Carmen , Freitas Lúcia Rolim Santana de , Silva Gabriela Drummond Marques da
Published: April 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar fatores associados ao atendimento por violência doméstica e familiar entre vítimas atendidas em serviços de urgência e emergência no Brasil. Realizou-se estudo de casos e controles baseado no Sistema de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes (VIVA), 2011. Foram selecionadas mulheres com 18 anos ou mais de idade, vítimas de violência doméstica e familiar (casos) em comparação com aquelas vítimas de acidentes (controles). As razões de chances ajustadas foram estimadas por regressão logística não condicional. Foram incluídos 623 casos e 10.120 controles. Na análise ajustada, foram fatores de risco: idade mais jovem (18-29 anos), baixa escolaridade, não exercer atividade remunerada, consumo de bebida alcoólica, procura de atendimento em outro serviço, ocorrência em final de semana e durante a noite ou madrugada. A violência doméstica e familiar teve o consumo de bebida alcoólica como fator fortemente associado. Os dias e horas de maior ocorrência evidenciam a necessidade de adequação dos serviços de atendimento às vítimas.
Proximity of residence to an old mineral storage site in Chile and blood lead levels in children
Authors: Lisboa Loreto , Klarián José , Campos Rosario Toro , Iglesias Verónica
Published: April 2016

Evidence suggests that an old mineral storage site removed in 1998 due to high lead content, remains as a source of exposure in the city of Antofagasta, Chile. The aim was to determine the association between blood lead levels in children and the residential proximity to the old mineral storage site. A cross sectional study was conducted with 185 children aged 7 to 16 years. The outcome variable was blood lead levels measured in 2005. The exposure variable was the distance between the current residence and the old mineral storage site. The distance was measured in meters by Geographic Information System (GIS). The median blood lead level in 2005 was 3.3μg/dL (interquartile range ‒ IQR: 2.0-4.3). A significant inverse association was found between the residential distance to the old mineral storage site and the blood lead levels in children, after adjusting by confounders (β: -0.04; 95%CI: -0.09; -0.01). This result suggests that the old mineral storage site continues to be a source of lead exposure for the children living nearby.
Psicologia, política pública para a população quilombola e racismo
Authors: Costa Eliane Silvia , Scarcelli Ianni Regia
Published: April 2016

Resumo Este artigo sintetiza parte da pesquisa de doutorado realizada em uma das primeiras comunidades negras rurais do estado de São Paulo a conquistar título de terras quilombolas, o quilombo Maria Rosa. Objetiva-se compreender se, para aquela comunidade, a política pública de titulação de terras opera como dispositivo contra o racismo. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, foram realizadas observações e entrevistas fundamentadas pelas formulações de Enrique Pichon-Rivière e de outros autores da psicologia social e da psicologia de processos grupais, como René Kaës. Como resultado, constatou-se que a política convoca os moradores do quilombo em questão a entrarem em contato com os efeitos do escravismo e do racismo. Todavia, ainda falta uma política articulada, entre os diferentes níveis governamentais e voltada para a temática racial, que lhes dê o devido apoio.
Yeast extract plus blood plasma in diets for piglets from 36 to 60 days old
Authors: Pereira Cinthia Maria Carlos , Donzele Juarez Lopes , Donzele Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira , Kiefer Charles , Bernardino Verônica Maria Pereira , Balbino Eric Marcio , Rocha Gabriel Cipriano
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: To evaluate inclusion levels and residual effects of diets containing yeast extract (YE) plus blood plasma (BP) on the performance of 36 to 60-days old piglets, 105 piglets were used (8.75±0.72kg), and they were distributed under a randomized block experimental design with five treatments (control - 2.0% BP; 1.0% BP plus 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0% YE), seven repetitions, and three animals per experimental unit. Piglets were given experimental diets from 36 to 49 days of age. From 50 to 60 day of age, all piglets received the same diet. No effects from treatments (P>0.10) were observed on the performance variables from 36 to 49 day of age. From 50 to 60 day of age, an effect was observed from YE levels on the daily feed consumption (P<0.03), daily weight gain (p<0.01), and final weight (P<0.06), which increased quadratically up to 1.67, 1.67, and 1.55% YE levels, respectively. Piglets which were fed with the diet containing 1.0% BP + 2.0% YE were observed to have better feed conversion ratios (P<0.01) as compared to the control diet (2.0% BP). As it provides a better residual effect, the inclusion of 1.67% yeast extract may replace 50% of blood plasma in 36 to 49-days old piglet diets.
Shoot segment and substrate composition in rooting of juvenile ipe-roxo mini-cuttings
Authors: Pimentel Nathalia , Bisognin Dilson Antônio , Kielse Paula , Lencina Kelen Haygert , Mello Uilian Stefanello
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the rooting capability of apical and nodal mini-cuttings of ipe-roxo ( Handroanthus heptaphyllus ) in different substrates. Shoots produced from mini-stumps were fractioned into mini-cuttings 2-cm long apical or nodal mini-cuttings and treated with 1000 mg L-1 of indolebutyric acid (IBA). Four substrate combinations were evaluated: commercial substrate composed of pine bark and vermiculite in proportions of 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2 (v /v) and commercial substrate, vermiculite and sand in the proportion of 1:1:1 (v/v). The factorial experiment utilized a completely random design, with five replicates of four mini-cuttings. Rooting, shooting and survival percentage, number and length of shoots and roots were evaluated at 60 and 90 days of growth. Commercial substrate and vermiculite are a good combination for rooting mini-cuttings of ipe-roxo. Apical and nodal mini-cuttings exhibit similar rooting behavior and both are feasible for production of ipe- roxo plantlets.
Carbohydrate metabolism in floral structures of Lilium pumilum in different development stages
Authors: Santos Mirelle Nayana de Sousa , Mapeli Ana Maria , Tolentino Márcia Martins
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: Lilium pumilum is a species that stands out in floriculture for presenting orange inflorescences that attract the consumer. This study thus aimed at characterizing the carbohydrate metabolism of floral structures of L. pumilum in different development stages. For this purpose, carbohydrate levels (total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, and starch), at different floral stages (E0 - bud with no color; E1 - bud at early coloring; E2 - orange bud; E3 - open flower; E4 - senescent flower) were quantified after extraction with ethanol. Lilium pumilum flowers showed high energy potential during floral opening and senescence; total soluble sugars were the main carbohydrates present in the species, reducing with the floral development, and the same occurred with the non-reducing sugar and starch contents. The reducing-sugar content increased with the floral stages. Therefore, this species presents great mobilization of compounds, which are utilized in the production of energy that is employed in floral opening.