bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) in Cameroon: A formative epidemiological and socioeconomic investigation in eleven rural fishing communities
Authors: Masong Makia Christine , Wepnje Godlove Bunda , Marlene Ntsinda Tchoffo , Gamba Victoria , Mengue Marie-Therese , Kouokam Estelle , Stothard J. Russell , Ekobo Albert Legrand Same
Published: October 2021

Background

Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) is most often caused by presence of Schistosoma haematobium eggs lodged in the female reproductive tract which results in chronic fibrosis and scarring. In Cameroon, despite high community prevalences of urine-patent S. haematobium infections, FGS has yet to be studied in depth. To shed light on the clinical prevalence and socioeconomic effects of FGS, we undertook a formative community-based epidemiological and qualitative survey.

Method

A cross sectional multidisciplinary study of 304 girls and women from 11 remote rural fishing communities in Cameroon was undertaken using parasitological sampling, clinical colposcopy, and interviews. The lived experiences of those with FGS were documented using a process of ethnography with participant observation and in-depth interviews.

Result

Amongst 304 women and girls aged >5 years (Median age: 18; Interquartile range: 9.6–28), 198 females were eligible for FGS testing and 58 adult women were examined by clinical colposcopy. Of these, 34 were positive for FGS (proportion: 58.6%; 95% CI: 45.8–70.4), younger girls showing a higher FGS prevalence, and older women not shedding eggs showing a pattern for cervical lesions from earlier infection. In a subset of women with FGS selected purposively (12/58), in-depth interviews with participant observation revealed out-of-pocket expenditures of up to 500USD related health spending for repeated diagnosis and treatment of gynecological illnesses, and 9 hours daily lost reproductive labour. Psychosocial unrest, loss in social capital, and despair were linked with sub-fertility and persistent vaginal itch.

Conclusion

With our first formative evidence on prevalence, socioeconomic effects and experiences of FGS amongst women and girls in Cameroon, we have clarified to a new level of detail the deficit in provision of and access to peripheral health services in remote areas of Cameroon. Using this information, there is now strong evidence for national programs and services on women’s health and schistosomiasis to update and revise policies targeted on prevention and management of FGS. We therefore stress the need for regular provision of Praziquantel treatment to adolescent girls and women in S. haematobium endemic areas, alongside better access to tailored diagnostic services that can detect FGS and appropriately triage care at primary health level.
Understanding an evolving pandemic: An analysis of the clinical time delay distributions of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom
Authors: Ward Thomas , Johnsen Alexander
Published: October 2021

Understanding and monitoring the epidemiological time delay dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection provides insights that are key to discerning changes in the phenotype of the virus, the demographics impacted, the efficacy of treatment, and the ability of the health service to manage large volumes of patients. This paper analyses how the pandemic has evolved in the United Kingdom through the temporal changes to the epidemiological time delay distributions for clinical outcomes. Using the most complete clinical data presently available, we have analysed, through a doubly interval censored Bayesian modelling approach, the time from infection to a clinical outcome. Across the pandemic, for the periods that were defined as epidemiologically distinct, the modelled mean ranges from 8.0 to 9.7 days for infection to hospitalisation, 10.3 to 15.0 days for hospitalisation to death, and 17.4 to 24.7 days for infection to death. The time delay from infection to hospitalisation has increased since the first wave of the pandemic. A marked decrease was observed in the time from hospitalisation to death and infection to death at times of high incidence when hospitals and ICUs were under the most pressure. There is a clear relationship between age groups that is indicative of the youngest and oldest demographics having the shortest time delay distributions before a clinical outcome. A statistically significant difference was found between genders for the time delay from infection to hospitalisation, which was not found for hospitalisation to death. The results by age group indicate that younger demographics that require clinical intervention for SARS-CoV-2 infection are more likely to require earlier hospitalisation that leads to a shorter time to death, which is suggestive of the largely more vulnerable nature of these individuals that succumb to infection. The distinction found between genders for exposure to hospitalisation is revealing of gender healthcare seeking behaviours.
Shock propagation channels behind the global economic contagion network. The role of economic sectors and the direction of trade
Authors: Iloskics Zita , Sebestyén Tamás , Braun Erik
Published: October 2021

Examining the spread of macroeconomic phenomena between countries has become increasingly popular after the 2008 economic crisis, but the recent COVID-19 pandemic rendered this issue much more relevant as it shed more light on the risks arising from strongly interconnected economies. This paper intends to extend previous studies in this line by examining the relationship between trade openness and business cycle synchronization. It extends the scope of previous analyses in three areas. First, we use a Granger-causality approach to identify synchronization. Second, trade is broken down to the sector level and third, we distinguish between upstream and downstream connections. These developments allow for a directed approach in the analysis. We use conditional logit regressions to estimate the effect of trade openness on the probability of shock-transmission. The results presented in this study contribute to the literature in two ways. First, in addition to revealing a positive effect of aggregate two-way trade on shock-contagion, it also points out that this overall effect hides diverse behavior in specific trading sectors as well as upstream and downstream channels. Second, while some sectors are not significant channels of shock-transmission in either directions, upstream channels seem to be important in agriculture while downstream channels dominate machinery and other manufactures. Also, there are sectors (chemicals and related products) trade in which affects shock-transmission negatively.
Vitamin D levels do not cause vitamin-drug interactions with dexamethasone or dasatinib in mice
Authors: Annu Kavya , Yasuda Kazuto , Caufield William V. , Freeman Burgess B. , Schuetz Erin G.
Published: October 2021

Vitamin D3 (VD3) induces intestinal CYP3A that metabolizes orally administered anti-leukemic chemotherapeutic substrates dexamethasone (DEX) and dasatinib potentially causing a vitamin-drug interaction. To determine the impact of VD3 status on systemic exposure and efficacy of these chemotherapeutic agents, we used VD3 sufficient and deficient mice and performed pharmacokinetic and anti-leukemic efficacy studies. Female C57BL/6J and hCYP3A4 transgenic VD3 deficient mice had significantly lower duodenal (but not hepatic) mouse Cyp3a11 and hCYP3A4 expression compared to VD3 sufficient mice, while duodenal expression of Mdr1a, Bcrp and Mrp4 were significantly higher in deficient mice. When the effect of VD3 status on DEX systemic exposure was compared following a discontinuous oral DEX regimen, similar to that used to treat pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients, male VD3 deficient mice had significantly higher mean plasma DEX levels (31.7 nM) compared to sufficient mice (12.43 nM) at days 3.5 but not at any later timepoints. Following a single oral gavage of DEX, there was a statistically, but not practically, significant decrease in DEX systemic exposure in VD3 deficient vs. sufficient mice. While VD3 status had no effect on oral dasatinib’s area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve, VD3 deficient male mice had significantly higher dasatinib plasma levels at t = 0.25 hr. Dexamethasone was unable to reverse the poorer survival of VD3 sufficient vs. deficient mice to BCR-ABL leukemia. In conclusion, although VD3 levels significantly altered intestinal mouse Cyp3a in female mice, DEX plasma exposure was only transiently different for orally administered DEX and dasatinib in male mice. Likewise, the small effect size of VD3 deficiency on single oral dose DEX clearance suggests that the clinical significance of VD3 levels on DEX systemic exposure are likely to be limited.
Impact of entrepreneur’s gender on innovation activities. The perspective of small businesses
Authors: Zastempowski Maciej , Cyfert Szymon
Published: October 2021

This paper analyses the female gender as a one of the factors that may influence product and process innovativeness of small enterprises. The data discussed come from an empirical study of 1017 small enterprises from the Kujawsko-pomorskie region in central-northern Poland. The theoretical framework suggests three areas of factors that may influence small enterprises innovativeness: the entrepreneur’s gender, innovation management capability, and firm characteristics. The results of the study suggest that the female gender of the entrepreneur has a positive impact on the product and process innovativeness of small enterprises. In the group of small enterprises managed by female entrepreneurs the chances of introducing product innovation are higher by 83.7%, process innovation by 56%, and product and process innovation together by 82.1%.
Are nurses utilizing the non-pharmacological pain management techniques in surgical wards?
Authors: Mohamed Bayoumi Magda Mohamed , Khonji Leena Mohammad Abdulla , Gabr Wessam Fathy Mohamed
Published: October 2021

The non-pharmacological pain management therapies have a valuable effect in managing moderate to mild pain intensity, especially if demonstrated in the pre-operative phase. The study aimed to explore the nurses’ practice toward using non-pharmacological pain management techniques in surgical wards. In a cross-sectional research design, a convenient sample of 47 nurses in the surgical wards in Egyptian hospital (Third Level) participated in the study. Data gathered using modified Non-pharmacological Methods Questionnaire. Results of the study indicated that nurse’s perception regarding applying the cognitive-behavioral methods as a distraction and Positive reinforcement techniques were more common (68.1%,53.2%), whereas most of them used emotional support (93.6%) and preferred to demonstrate physical methods. Meanwhile, nurses addressed the barriers to apply nonpharmacological pain management as lack of time, patient unwillingness, and patients’ health beliefs. Nevertheless, nurses reported the non-pharmacological pain management is less expensive and has fewer side effects than medication and can demonstrated post-discharge. Nurses play a key role in applying effective and different non-pharmacological therapies in surgical wards. Thus, nurses should be encouraged to demonstrate the non-pharmacological pain management therapies with patients undergoing surgical procedures.
Impact of PET/CT among patients with suspected mycotic aortic aneurysms
Authors: Husmann Lars , Huellner Martin W. , Gruenig Hannes , Eberhard Nadia , Mestres Carlos A. , Rancic Zoran , Hasse Barbara
Published: October 2021

Purpose

To determine the impact of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) on clinical management in patients with suspected mycotic aortic aneurysms (MAA).

Materials and methods

For this observational cohort study 101 PET/CT were acquired in 50 patients, thereof 50 for the initial diagnosis/baseline scan, 51 for follow-up. Impact on patient management was defined in three categories: PET/CT results were “confirmed” (by clinical follow-up), “suspected” (conclusive, not confirmed), or “misleading” (proven wrong by follow-up). For clinical follow-up patient data were recorded at the time of imaging, and at the latest recorded clinical visit. It included patient demographics, clinical information, laboratory data, results of microbiology and other diagnostic procedures, information about treatment, and patient’s general health condition.

Results

In four patients (8%) no clinical follow-up was feasible, the other 46 patients were clinically followed for a median of 898 days (IQR 320–4105). The combined evaluation of all 101 PET/CT demonstrated an impact on patient management in 78,5% of cases (48,5% confirmed, 30% suspected). Results of 21,5% of the PET/CT examinations were misleading. Respective values at baseline and at follow-up were: impact on patient management in 82% and 74,5% (70% and 27.5% confirmed, and 12% and 47% suspected), misleading cases in 18% and 25.5%.

Conclusion

In MAA, PET/CT has a high impact on patient management, which is more pronounced with baseline than with follow-up examinations. However, PET/CT results may be misleading in a smaller proportion of cases.
Grip power test: A new valid and reliable method for assessing muscle power in healthy adolescents
Authors: Huerta Ojeda Álvaro , Fontecilla Díaz Blanca , Yeomans Cabrera María Mercedes , Jerez-Mayorga Daniel
Published: October 2021

The assessment of the strength and muscle mass of the hand-finger segment are reliable indicators of health and predictors of cardiometabolic risk in the adult population. However, there are no valid and reliable tests to assess the muscle power of this segment in healthy adolescents. The objective of this study was to determine the validity and inter-day reliability of a grip power test (GripW test) in healthy adolescents. Twenty-one adolescents (15.61 ± 2.20 years old) were part of the study. All participants were instructed to perform a grip with incremental load sets from 1–10 kg as fast as possible. The validity of the GripW test was determined with the load-power curve and linear regression equation. Inter-day reliability considered the coefficient of variation (CV), intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), and standard error of the mean (SEM). The significance level for all statistical analyses was p < 0.05. The parabola in the load-power curve for both hands showed normality for the GripW test. In addition, the analysis showed a CV = 4.63% and ICC = 1.00 for the right hand, while the left hand showed a CV = 3.23% and ICC = 1.00. The GripW test proved to be valid and reliable for assessing gripping muscle power functionally and unilaterally in healthy adolescents.
Multiple attribute group decision-making based on interval-valued q-rung orthopair uncertain linguistic power Muirhead mean operators and linguistic scale functions
Authors: Xu Yuan , Liu Shifeng , Wang Jun
Published: October 2021

Fuzzy set theory and its extended form have been widely used in multiple-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problems, among which the interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (IVq-ROFSs) got a lot of attention for its ability of capturing information denoted by interval values. Based on the previous studies, to find a better solution for fusing qualitative quantization information with fuzzy numbers, we propose a novel definition of interval-valued q-rung orthopair uncertain linguistic sets (IVq-ROULSs) based on the linguistic scale functions, as well as its corresponding properties, such as operational rules and the comparison method. Furthermore, we utilize the power Muirhead mean operators to construct the information fusion method, and provide a variety of aggregation operators based on the proposed information description environment. A model framework is constructed for solving the MAGDM problem utilizing the proposed method. Finally, we illustrate the performance of the new method and investigate its advantages and superiorities through comparative analysis.
Mutation resource of Samba Mahsuri revealed the presence of high extent of variations among key traits for rice improvement
Authors: Potupureddi Gopi , Balija Vishalakshi , Ballichatla Suneel , C. G. Gokulan , Awalellu Komal , Lekkala Swathi , Jallipalli Karteek , M. G. Gayathri , Mohammad Ershad , M Milton , Arutla Srikanth , Burka Rajender , Gouri Shankar Laha , Ayyangari Phani Padmakumari , Lella Venkata SubbaRao , Raman Meenakshi Sundaram , B. C. Viraktamath , Vemuri Ravindra Babu , Brahma Kranthi , Madnala Raju , Patel Hitendra Kumar , Sonti Ramesh Venkata , Madhav Maganti Sheshu
Published: October 2021

To create novel variants for morphological, physiological, and biotic stress tolerance traits, induced mutations were created using Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) in the background of Samba Mahsuri (BPT 5204), a popular and mega rice variety of India. A population derived from 10, 500 M1 plants and their descendants were phenotyped for a wide range of traits leading to the identification of 124 mutants having variations in key agro-morphological traits, and 106 mutants exhibiting variation for physiological traits. Higher yield is the ultimate goal of crop improvement and we identified 574 mutants having higher yield compared to wild type by having better yield attributing traits. Further, a total of 50 mutants showed better panicle exertion phenotypes as compared to Samba Mahsuri leading to enhancement of yield. Upon rigorous screening for three major biotic stresses, 8 mutants showed enhanced tolerance for yellow stem borer (YSB), and 13 different mutants each showed enhanced tolerance for sheath blight (ShB) and bacterial leaf blight (BLB), respectively. In addition, screening at multiple locations that have diverse field isolates identified 3, 3, and 5 lines for tolerance to ShB, YSB and BLB, respectively. On the whole, 1231 desired mutant lines identified at M2 were forwarded to an advanced generation (M5). PCR based allele mining indicated that the BLB tolerant mutants have a different allele than the reported alleles for well-known genes affecting bacterial blight resistance. Whole genome re-sequencing revealed substantial variation in comparison to Samba Mahsuri. The lines showing enhanced tolerance to important biotic stresses (YSB, ShB and BLB) as well as several economically important traits are unique genetic resources which can be utilized for the identification of novel genes/alleles for different traits. The lines which have better agronomic features can be used as pre-breeding lines. The entire mutant population is maintained as a national resource for genetic improvement of the rice crop.
Gastric bypass prevents diabetes in genetically modified mice and chemically induced diabetic mice
Authors: Zhu Chenyu , Xu Rui , Li Yuxin , Andrade Michael , Yin Deng Ping
Published: October 2021

Obese subjects have increase probabilities of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we sought to determine whether gastric bypass prevents the progression of prediabetes to overt diabetes in genetically modified mice and chemically induced diabetic mice. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) was performed in C57BL/KsJ-db/db null (BKS-db/db,) mice, high-fat diet (HFD)-fed NONcNZO10/LtJ (NZO) mice, C57BL/6 db/db null (B6-db/db) mice and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Food consumption, body weight, fat mass, fast blood glucose level, circulating insulin and adiponectin and glucose tolerance test were analyzed. The liver and pancreatic tissues were subjected to H&E and immunohistochemistry staining and islet cells to flow cytometry for apoptotic analysis. RYGB resulted in sustained normoglycemia and improved glucose tolerance in young prediabetic BKS-db/db mice (at the age of 6 weeks with hyperglycemia and normal insulinemia) and HFD-fed NZO and B6-db/db mice. Remarkably, RYGB improved liver steatosis, preserved the pancreatic β-cells and reduced β-cell apoptosis with increases in circulating insulin and adiponectin in young prediabetic BKS-db/db mice. However, RYGB neither reversed hyperglycemia in adult diabetic BKS-db/db mice (12 weeks old) nor attenuated hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic mice. These results demonstrate that gastric bypass improves hyperglycemia in genetically modified prediabetic mice; however, it should be performed prior to β-cells exhaustion.
The Impact of Touch in Dance Movement Psychotherapy: A Body-Mind Centering Approach
Authors: Dymoke Katy
Published: October 2021

A reflexive study of a client case in which touch-based practices were undertaken. Considering the philosophical landscape of both touch and non-touch, it explores and reflects upon the use of touch, and considers the wider context and socially imposed perceptions that would prevent touch from taking place, including social discourses.
Sabino Arana no partió de cero. Mitos, leyendas y fantasías en las fuentes ideológicas del nacionalismo vasco
Authors: Polo Blanco Jorge
Published: October 2021

En el presente trabajo se indagará en las fuentes ideológicas del nacionalismo vasco. Algunas de esas fuentes son más remotas que otras, pero todas ellas confluirán en los escritores y apologistas fueristas del siglo xix, muchos de los cuales desarrollarán ideas prenacionalistas o protonacionalistas. Por lo tanto, no analizaremos la obra del propio Sabino Arana. Iremos más atrás, pues nos interesa rastrear de dónde proceden algunos de los elementos ideológicos que más tarde pasarían a formar parte de la cosmovisión construida por el nacionalismo vasco. Indagar en el origen de ciertos mitos que ingresarían con fuerza en el aparato discursivo de dicho movimiento político.
Immunometabolic response in Egyptian water buffalo cows during the transition period
Authors: Gomaa Naglaa A. , Darwish Samy A. , Aly Mahmoud A.
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim: The transition period is extremely critical for pregnant producing animals. However, there is very limited research on the metabolic and immunological changes in Egyptian water buffalo cows during the transition period. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the immunometabolic changes occurring during the transition period in Egyptian water buffalo cows. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 multiparous pregnant Egyptian water buffalo cows were subjected to weekly blood sampling 3 weeks before calving and 3 weeks after calving and on the day of parturition to determine the complete blood count, including red blood cell count, total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocyte count, hemoglobin level, and packed cell volume (PCV). Some selected serum biochemical and immunological parameters were analyzed, including serum glucose, beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL (VLDL), cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, Haptoglobin, and C-reactive protein and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin β1, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. All data were statistically analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences statistics software. Results: The neutrophil count showed a statistically significant increase at 2 weeks preparturition. There was also a significant increase in PCV, TLC, neutrophil count, and IL-6 and TNF-α level at the time of parturition and even at 2 weeks post parturition, except PCV that returned to normal levels in the 1st week post parturition. BHBA and BUN levels were increased significantly in the 2nd and 3rd weeks postcalving. Serum creatinine and VLDL levels were decreased significantly at the time of parturition, and VLDL levels showed a significant decrease even till the 3rd week postcalving, whereas creatinine levels gradually returned to the pre-calving levels in the 3rd week postcalving. Other parameters showed no significant changes. Conclusion: The most important immunometabolic changes occur in the first 2 weeks post parturition in Egyptian water buffalo cows, which exhibit a potent, remarkable physiological adaptation achieved by their functional liver, which can help the animal overcome the stressful conditions during the transition period.
A Comprehensive Review on Promising Phytopharmacological Applications of Chamomile Flower
Authors: Bhukta Pallishree , Rath Deepankar , Pattnaik Gurudutta , Kar Biswakanth , Ranajit Santosh Kumar
Published: October 2021

Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L., Chamomilla recutita L., Matricaria chamomilla) is one of the most favoured single ingredient herbs.
Chamomile tea is prepared by brewing the dried flower heads which has been used as traditional remedy. It is a crop introduced into India,
mainly grown in Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir states of India. The valuable unknown properties of this multipurpose herb
should be explored to determine the therapeutic properties of its different parts, extracts, oils, etc. The flowers constitute many phenolic
compounds like flavonoids, apigenin, patuletin, glucosides, luteolin and quercetin as main components. This herb is used as an antioxidant,
antidepressant, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic and hepatoprotective agents. In addition to
that, it is also useful in treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, premenstrual syndrome, knee osteoarthritis andulcerative colitis. Matricaria
Recutita chamomilla L. is used for both therapeutically and non-therapeutically around the globe that precipitate its remarkable worth.
Chamomile contents of essential oils are widely used in aromatherapy and cosmetics. Most popular chamomile preparation is herbal tea
which has been developed and consumed by more than one million cups per day across the globe. This review article briefs about the
therapeutic efficiency along with phytology and cultivation techniques.
Study on the Morphological Change and Reduction of
Nitrogen and Phosphorous in Litter and Compost of Cowshed
Authors: Kim Daeik , Hwang Sun-Jin , Kim Youngjung , Jeong Cheol Ho , Ryoo Keon Sang
Published: October 2021

Litter and compost were obtained at a cowshed of a livestock farm in Andong city in Korea. The
morphological change of nitrogen and phosphorous from these samples were examined and suggested
a more useful and realistic way for reducing them. Constituents and their content of sample were
identified by XRF. The nitrite ion (NO2
−), nitrate ion (NO2
−) and phosphate ion (PO4
3−) and ammonium
ion (NH4
+), total phosphorous (T-P) and total nitrogen (T-N) released from sample were analyzed
using ion chromatograph and UV/Vis spectrometry. As the results of this study, the ammonia in the
early stage of cow excretion is a need to make an ammonia gas state that can be immediately volatile
by increasing the pH. Nitrogen and phosphorous, the main source of nutrition in green algal bloom
can be reduced by transforming insoluble salts such as calcium phosphate (CaHPO4·3H2O) and struvite
(NH4MgPO4·6H2O), respectively, with addition of Ca and Mg after stimulating fermentation of compost.
Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles Decorated Pencil Lead as Urea Sensing Electrode
Authors: Singh Saravjeet , Sharma Minakshi , Singh Geeta
Published: October 2021

In present study, a low-cost and steady electrochemical biosensor has been developed based on graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs), electrodeposited on the pencil lead electrode (PLE). The physical and morphological studies revealed the nano-scale range of GONPs that has an average grain size/layer thickness of 2.27 nm and agglomeration size of 90-120 nm. Urease enzyme was immobilized on PLE/GONPs electrode after surface treatment with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) to impart stable peptide bond. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies demonstrate the difference between unmodified and modified PLE electrodes and depict the spherical, circular and flaky-like morphology. The electrochemical analysis of urea considerably improved on the PLE/GONPs/Ur compared to the untailored PLE electrode. The reported urea biosensor operated in a linear dynamic range between 0.30-50 mM that attained a recognition limit of 0.06 mM and exhibited an advanced exposure sensitivity of 0.814 μA mM-1 cm-2.
FUNDAMENTOS CONTEMPORÂNEOS DA IMPOSIÇÃO TRIBUTÁRIA E A FUNÇÃO SOCIAL DO TRIBUTO
Authors: Demarchi Clovis Demarchi , Medeiros Lima Tomás José
Published: October 2021

A percepção científica e social sobre os fundamentos da imposição tributária tem acompanhado as alterações do exercício do poder de tributar durante a história. Para formular um esboço de como se materializa, na atualidade, em tempos de reformas na legislação tributária, é necessário revisitar o comportamento histórico do instituto, além de analisar o arcabouço jurídico que atualmente rege o poder tributário. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo aborda a temática da fundamentação contemporânea da imposição tributária, focando especialmente nos seus aspectos controvertidos, por meio da revisão da literatura das principais teorias apresentadas pela doutrina tradicional. Para alcançar o objetivo, são analisados temas, como Ciência do Direito, Direito Positivo, poder imposição tributária. O resultado alcançado é que o poder tributário se revela como principal mecanismo de satisfação do Estado de arrecadar recursos financeiros, mas que tem prevalecido a percepção de que a imposição tributária se encontra inserida numa relação de poder, importando na sua rejeição. Foi desenvolvido o trabalho sob o método indutivo, sendo operacionalizado com as técnicas do referente, da categoria e do conceito operacional, mediante pesquisa bibliográfica.
A APLICABILIDADE DAS MEDIDAS SOCIOEDUCATIVAS À LUZ DO PARADIGMA SOCIAL DE PUNIÇÃO EM PROL DA EDUCAÇÃO - UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA
Authors: Almeida de Albuquerque Isabel Helena , Gentil Vieira Junior Enio
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo científico abordará as medidas socioeducativas previstas no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente – Lei nº 8.069/90, com enfoque na sua aplicabilidade e sua eficácia/alcance. Cumpriu analisar todo o procedimento do ato infracional e a aplicação medidas socioeducativas dispostas no referido diploma legal. Para tanto, estudou-se tanto a doutrina quanto o entendimento do Tribunal de Justiça de Santa Catarina, assim como o de outros Tribunais de Justiça do Brasil. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se, inicialmente, por meio da análise do procedimento do ato infracional e toda a aplicabilidade de sua singularidade, fazendo um breve comparativo ao Direito Penal. Por fim, examinou-se a aplicabilidade/alcance das medidas socioeducativas, analisando-as individualmente e as diferenciando, conforme suas características, para, na sequência, estudar a sua eficácia e a real razão de ser aplicada, além de seus requisitos, com a ideia de ressocialização e não de punição. Confirmou sobre a aplicabilidade das medidas e de seus requisitos, bem como de seus limites. O método de abordagem da pesquisa foi o dialético, realizado de maneira comparativa e jurídica por meio de consulta ao acervo da Biblioteca da Faculdade e pessoais, bem como em sites especializados na internet.
O CONTRATO DE RESERVA DE MARGEM CONSIGNÁVEL NA JURISPRUDÊNCIA CATARINENSE
Authors: Freitag Leandro Ernani
Published: October 2021

O presente trabalho trata sobre o tema do contrato de reserva de margem consignável e sua recepção na jurisprudência catarinense. Primeiramente, é analisada a aplicabilidade do Código de Defesa do Consumidor às instituições financeiras, e quais as principais consequências de tal incidência, notadamente ante o caráter protetivo da legislação consumerista como expressão da eficácia diagonal dos direitos fundamentais, e em especial no que pertine à inversão do ônus da prova. Apresentam-se os conceitos de empréstimo consignado e de reserva de margem consignável, diferenciando-os com a indicação da lei e de regulamento aplicável a esta última modalidade. Com isso, objetiva-se situar o tema e possibilitar a compreensão sobre as possíveis irregularidades atinentes à mencionada espécie contratual, com ênfase nos principais vícios que são comumente arguidos pelos contratantes em ações judiciais que debatem acerca da reserva de margem consignável. Após, analisam-se julgados sobre o contrato em questão, no âmbito das Turmas Recursais de Santa Catarina e do Tribunal de Justiça catarinense, separadamente, com o intuito de apresentar os atuais entendimentos dominantes em tais órgãos, sobre sua higidez e validade, ou abusividade e, neste último caso, quais as consequências determinadas pelo órgão julgador decorrentes do reconhecimento da nulidade da avença, bem como quais os fundamentos utilizados pelos julgadores como razão de decidir.
Exposições on-line
Authors: De Paula Douglas
Published: October 2021

O artigo foca a questão da atenção e da potencialidade estética como importantes fatores de consideração na feitura de interfaces telemáticas para exposições on-line no período da pandemia de Covid-19. No texto, esses fatores são vistos à luz da passagem da chamada lógica do cubo branco para o que se poderia denominar esquemática da janela de ébano. Ao mesmo tempo, os esforços derivados da prioridade a esses fatores na construção das mencionadas interfaces são vistos como tentativas simplórias, porém argutas de escape ao cerceio da liberdade de criação que matiza o programa subjacente às ferramentas informáticas disponíveis para tanto.
Circuitos heterogêneos de arte contemporânea no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Fernandes Thiago Spíndola Motta
Published: October 2021

O artigo aborda o contexto artístico carioca no início do século XXI a partir do conceito de circuitos heterogêneos, cunhado pelo artista e pesquisador brasileiro Newton Goto. No período em questão, o Rio de Janeiro assistiu à proliferação de ações artísticas em espaços públicos, além do surgimento de um grande número de iniciativas coletivas de artistas e espaços autônomos de arte contemporânea. Enfrentando dificuldade de inserção em um circuito restrito e incipiente, alguns artistas passam a criar seus próprios circuitos, buscando novos modos de circulação e existência para a arte. O objetivo deste texto é analisar alguns dos sintomas do surgimento de circuitos heterogêneos no Rio de Janeiro e seus impactos no sistema de arte.
BANCO DE DADOS GEOGRÁFICOS PARA GESTÃO INTEGRADA APLICADA AO SANEAMENTO BÁSICO EM UM BAIRRO DA METRÓPOLE DA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Da Silva Ermeson Freitas , Meireles Rafael Ribeiro , Souza Sardinha Aline , Guimarães Rocha Edgleuberson
Published: October 2021

O saneamento básico visa alcançar quatro vertentes de prestação de serviços essenciais à sociedade: abastecimento de água, esgotamento sanitário, drenagem de águas pluviais e manejo de resíduos sólidos. Nesse sentido, desenvolver um banco de dados geográficos (BDG) auxiliará como ferramenta para uma gestão integrada por parte dos gestores do saneamento. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor um BDG contendo informações do saneamento e das características urbanas e ambientais para melhorar a gestão integrada no bairro da Marambaia em Belém/PA. Para isso, adquiriu-se dados em órgãos públicos e prestadores de serviços de saneamento, nos formatos espaciais dwg, pdf e shp. Em seguida, foram processados e validados pelas ferramentas AutoCAD e ArcMap, e posteriormente, armazenados no BDG por meio do PostgreSQL e sua extensão espacial PostGIS os quais foram gerenciados pelo pgAdmin 4, resultando na sistematização em um único BDG contendo dados para geração de tabelas e mapas cartográficos do saneamento e características urbanas e ambientais. O BDG mostrou-se um excelente instrumento para a gestão integrada do saneamento, pois permite produzir, verificar e analisar de forma conjunta e segura informações e dados de saneamento contribuindo para tomar decisões e mitigar problemas.
MAPEAMENTO DE ÁREAS SUSCETÍVEIS À INUNDAÇÃO COMO INFORMAÇÃO PARA O PLANEJAMENTO E A GESTÃO TERRITORIAL EM BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA
Authors: Domingos Cury Marlon , Ladwig Nilzo Ivo , Debiasi Menegasso Juliana , Sutil Thaise , De Conto Danrlei
Published: October 2021

Eventos extremos como as inundações têm-se intensificado, tornando-se cada vez mais frequentes, causando prejuízos socioeconômicos. A utilização da cartografia de suscetibilidade à inundação é um importante subsídio para o planejamento e gestão territorial, pois facilita a visualização e interpretação das predições de eventos extremos. A pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a bacia hidrográfica e como objetivo analisar a suscetibilidade de inundação no domínio do seu limite geomorfológico. Os condicionantes considerados na definição das áreas suscetíveis à inundação foram declividade, altimetria, ordem dos rios (baseada nas ottobacias) e uso e cobertura da terra. Na definição dos pesos dos condicionantes utilizou-se o Método de Análise Hierárquica de Processos em ambiente de Sistema Geográfico de Informações. Os resultados revelaram que a bacia hidrográfica do Rio Urussanga possui aproximadamente 30% de áreas com alta suscetibilidade à inundação, abrangendo grande parte das cidades de Balneário Rincão, Criciúma, Içara, Jaguaruna e Morro da Fumaça. As regiões de menor suscetibilidade à inundação encontram-se nas linhas divisoras de água da bacia, onde predominam as maiores altitudes e declividades. Por fim, o mapeamento possibilitou a utilização dessas informações para determinar áreas prioritárias para a tomada de medidas mitigadoras e prevenção dos impactos negativos decorrentes de eventos de inundação.
Desarrollo guiado por comportamiento: buenas prácticas para la calidad de software
Authors: Soraluz Soraluz Aldo Emanuel , Valles Coral Miguel Ángel , Levano Rodríguez Danny
Published: October 2021

Asegurar la calidad y funcionalidad de un producto de software es garantizar su correcta estructura, composición, ejecución e integridad, pero en algunos casos estas características se ven afectadas debido a la ineficiente gestión y desarrollo del software. El objetivo de la revisión fue identificar buenas prácticas al usar el desarrollo guiado por comportamientos. Para su desarrollo, se indagó en artículos de investigación categorizados en revistas indexadas en bases de datos como IEEE, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Scopus y Redalyc entre 2016 y 2020. El análisis y la revisión permitieron identificar buenas prácticas como el uso de los escenarios solo para pruebas de funcionalidad, organizar las características en carpetas de acuerdo con los escenarios del sistema, contextualizar el funcionamiento al mismo idioma de los clientes para facilitar la comunicación, el uso de etiquetas para agrupar escenarios, organizar características según necesidades y generar escenarios sin dependencia. Se concluyó que estas buenas prácticas permiten una correcta comunicación, diseño estructurado del software, calidad funcional de cada componente de código y, sobre todo, un producto eficiente con riesgo mínimo de pérdida de recursos y alto margen de éxito.
Evaluación del desempeño térmico de ladrillos ecoamigables con incorporación de residuos de mullita
Authors: Villaquirán-Caicedo Mónica A. , Hernández-Rengifo Erick , Agudelo Kevin , Arias Jonatan , Viera Ballesteros Maria Camila , Carvajal David
Published: October 2021

Se produjeron ladrillos de arcilla obtenidos con mezcla de arcilla con residuos de un horno eléctrico en desuso y reforzados con fibras cerámicas para la obtención de un material cerámico con características refractarias. Las mezclas de arcilla/partículas recicladas fueron 50:50 en peso, y la incorporación de fibra fue en un 10 y un 20 % en volumen, para obtener un cerámico por sinterización a 1.000 ºC durante 2 h. Los materiales diseñados fueron caracterizados por difracción de rayos X, se determinó la resistencia a compresión, flexión, densidad, porosidad y absorción. También se comprobó su desempeño térmico por exposición directa a llama 1.000 ºC. Los resultados mostraron que en la medida en que se incorpora fibra cerámica la resistencia a compresión disminuyó un 17,3 % para AF10 y un 17,0 % para AF20. Los valores de resistencia a flexión estuvieron en 3,4 MPa. El coeficiente de conductividad térmica fue de 0,5322 W/mK, y durante la exposición directa a la llama, las muestras lograron un gradiente térmico de ~700 ºC para muestras de 2 cm de espesor. Las fases mineralógicas obtenidas para los ladrillos fueron mullita, corindón y cordierita, las cuales se consideran refractarias.
Diseño de una herramienta guía basada en metodologías de mejora continua aplicable a pymes del sector lácteo en países de América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Cruz González Joan Paola , Meraz Rivera Luis Adelfo , Castiblanco Jiménez Ivonne Angélica , Díaz Nicolás Francisco Mateo
Published: October 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue diseñar una herramienta guía basada en técnicas de mejora continua aplicable a pymes del sector lácteo en América Latina y el Caribe. A través de una revisión literaria de 753 pymes en 10 países de América Latina y el Caribe, se analizaron los principales factores que influyen en el desarrollo organizacional y productivo de pymes lácteas. Posteriormente, se diseñó una entrevista semiestructurada aplicada a seis pymes lácteas de Veracruz (México) y a seis pymes lácteas de Bogotá (Colombia). Los resultados mostraron deficiencias en aspectos como estructura y desarrollo organizacional, planeación de la producción y relación con proveedores y clientes. Por tanto, el diseño de la herramienta guía integra técnicas de mejora continua e indicadores que permitan a las pymes lácteas administrar y controlar sus procesos de manera clara, sencilla, y fomentar la evaluación de su desempeño.
Gesellschaft und Biodiversität: Mit der Forschungsinitiative zum Erhalt der Artenvielfalt Biodiversität wertschätzen und sichern
Authors: Richerzhagen Carmen , Tydecks Laura
Published: October 2021

Unsere Produktions- und Konsummuster und die damit verbundenen Lebensstile tragen maßgeblich zum Verlust an Biodiversität bei. Projekte, die im Rahmen der Forschungsinitiative zum Erhalt der Artenvielfalt des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung gefördert
werden, suchen nach Wegen aus der Krise. Klar ist: Gesellschaftlichen Akteuren kommt beim Schutz von Biodiversität eine Schlüsselrolle zu.
Procedural extensions of SQL
Authors: Gupta Surabhi , Ramachandra Karthik
Published: October 2021

Procedural extensions of SQL have been in existence for many decades now. However, little is known about their magnitude of usage and their complexity in real-world workloads. Procedural code executing in a RDBMS is known to have inefficiencies and limitations; as a result there have been several efforts to address this problem. However, the lack of understanding of their use in real workloads makes it challenging to (a) motivate new work in this area, (b) identify research challenges and opportunities, and (c) demonstrate impact of novel work. We aim to address these challenges with our work.

In this paper, we present the results of our in-depth analysis of thousands of stored procedures, user-defined functions and triggers taken from several real workloads. We introduce
SQL-ProcBench
, a benchmark for procedural workloads in RDBMSs. SQL-ProcBench has been created using the insights derived from our analysis, and thus represents real workloads. Using SQL-ProcBench, we present an experimental evaluation on several database engines to understand and identify research challenges and opportunities. We emphasize the need to work on these interesting and relevant problems, and encourage researchers to contribute to this area.
Achieving high throughput and elasticity in a larger-than-memory store
Authors: Kulkarni Chinmay , Chandramouli Badrish , Stutsman Ryan
Published: October 2021

Millions of sensors, mobile applications and machines now generate billions of events. Specialized many-core key-value stores (KVSs) can ingest and index these events at high rates (over 100 Mops/s on one machine) if events are generated on the same machine; however, to be practical and cost-effective they must ingest events over the network and scale across cloud resources elastically.

We present Shadowfax, a new distributed KVS based on FASTER, that transparently spans DRAM, SSDs, and cloud blob storage while serving 130 Mops/s/VM over commodity Azure VMs using conventional Linux TCP. Beyond high single-VM performance, Shadowfax uses a unique approach to distributed reconfiguration that avoids any server-side key ownership checks or cross-core coordination both during normal operation and migration. Hence, Shadowfax can shift load in 17 s to improve system throughput by 10 Mops/s with little disruption. Compared to the state-of-the-art, it has 8x better throughput (than Seastar+memcached) and avoids costly I/O to move cold data during migration. On 12 machines, Shadowfax retains its high throughput to perform 930 Mops/s, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the highest reported throughput for a distributed KVS used for large-scale data ingestion and indexing.
Efficient size-bounded community search over large networks
Authors: Yao Kai , Chang Lijun
Published: October 2021

The problem of community search, which aims to find a cohesive subgraph containing user-given query vertices, has been extensively studied recently. Most of the existing studies mainly focus on the cohesiveness of the returned community, while ignoring the size of the community, and may yield communities of very large sizes. However, many applications naturally require that the number of vertices/members in a community should fall within a certain range. In this paper, we design exact algorithms for the general size-bounded community search problem that aims to find a subgraph with the largest min-degree among all connected subgraphs that contain the query vertex
q
and have at least
l
and at most
h
vertices, where
q, l, h
are specified by the query. As the problem is NP-hard, we propose a branch-reduce-and-bound algorithm SC-BRB by developing nontrivial reducing techniques, upper bounding techniques, and branching techniques. Experiments on large real graphs show that SC-BRB on average increases the minimum degree of the community returned by the state-of-the-art heuristic algorithm GreedyF by a factor of 2.41 and increases the edge density by a factor of 2.2. In addition, SC-BRB is several orders of magnitude faster than a baseline approach, and all of our proposed techniques contribute to the efficiency of SC-BRB.
Toward spectrometerless instant Raman identification with tailored metasurfaces-powered guided-mode resonances (GMR) filters
Authors: Mousa Mohamed A. , Rafat Nadia H. , Saleh Amr A. E.
Published: October 2021

Raman identification is an instrumental tool with a broad range of applications, yet current spectroscopy approaches fall short in facilitating practical and scalable Raman identification platforms. In this work, we introduce a spectrometerless Raman identification approach that utilizes guided-mode resonance filters. Unlike arrayed narrowband-filters spectrometer, we tailor the transmission characteristics of each filter to match the Raman signature of a given target. Hence, instantaneous Raman identification could be directly achieved at the hardware level with no spectral data post-processing. The filters consist of a metasurface grating encapsulated between two identical distributed Bragg reflectors and are characterized by transmission peaks line-widths narrower than 0.01 nm and transmission efficiency exceeding 98%. We develop a rigorous design methodology to customize the filters’ characteristics such that the maximum optical transmission through a given filter is only attained when exposed to the Raman scattering from its matched target. To illustrate the potential of our approach, we theoretically investigate the identification of four different saccharides as well as the classification of two antibiotic-susceptible and resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. We show that our proposed approach can accurately identify these targets. Our work lays the foundation for a new-generation of scalable, compact, and cost-effective instant Raman identification platforms that can be adopted in countless applications from wearables and point-of-care diagnostics to in-line quality control in food and pharmaceutical industries.