bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The new technologies of high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Vodiasova E. A. , Chelebieva E. S. , Kuleshova O. N.
Published: August 2019

A wealth of genome and transcriptome data obtained using new generation sequencing (NGS) technologies for whole organisms could not answer many questions in oncology, immunology, physiology, neurobiology, zoology and other fields of science and medicine. Since the cell is the basis for the living of all unicellular and multicellular organisms, it is necessary to study the biological processes at its level. This understanding gave impetus to the development of a new direction – the creation of technologies that allow working with individual cells (single-cell technology). The rapid development of not only instruments, but also various advanced protocols for working with single cells is due to the relevance of these studies in many fields of science and medicine. Studying the features of various stages of ontogenesis, identifying patterns of cell differentiation and subsequent tissue development, conducting genomic and transcriptome analyses in various areas of medicine (especially in demand in immunology and oncology), identifying cell types and states, patterns of biochemical and physiological processes using single cell technologies, allows the comprehensive research to be conducted at a new level. The first RNA-sequencing technologies of individual cell transcriptomes (scRNA-seq) captured no more than one hundred cells at a time, which was insufficient due to the detection of high cell heterogeneity, existence of the minor cell types (which were not detected by morphology) and complex regulatory pathways. The unique techniques for isolating, capturing and sequencing transcripts of tens of thousands of cells at a time are evolving now. However, new technologies have certain differences both at the sample preparation stage and during the bioinformatics analysis. In the paper we consider the most effective methods of multiple parallel scRNA-seq using the example of 10XGenomics, as well as the specifics of such an experiment, further bioinformatics analysis of the data, future outlook and applications of new high-performance technologies.
Genetic variants on chromosome 19 (rs439401 and rs4420638) are associated with obesity and high blood pressure in the Algerian population
Authors: Boulenouar H. , Mediene Benchekor S. , Ouhaibi Djellouli H. , Larjam Hetraf S. , Houti L. , Hammani-Medjaoui I.
Published: August 2019

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a combination of at least three primary metabolic abnormalities from among obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure, once combined, they increase significantly the cardiovascular risk. The APOE gene is considered as a genetic risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, it has been linked to MetS or its traits in several populations. Our study aimed to analyze the association of three APOE gene polymorphisms with MetS risk and its components in a general population sample, and to highlight the potential influence of these polymorphisms on individual susceptibility to MetS. We performed this work using a population-based, cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 787 individuals (378 men and 409 women, aged between 30 and 64 years) recruited in the city of Oran, Algeria (the ISOR Study); the subjects were genotyped for four polymorphisms, rs7412, rs429358, rs4420638 and rs439401, located in the APOE gene, using the KASPar technology. rs439401 showed a significant association with hypertension (HBP). The T allele confers a high risk of hypertension with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.46 (95 % CI [1.12–1.9], p = 0.006). rs4420638 was significantly associated with obesity in the general population. The G allele provides protection against obesity, the resulting OR is 0.48 (95 % CI [0.29–0.81], p = 0.004). Although APOE variants were not associated with the risk of MetS, the APOE polymorphism alleles were associated with some of the metabolic parameters in Algerian subjects. The relation of APOE rs439401 alleles with a HBP is likely to be indicative of a state of stress of the population.
Development of the Usage of E‑services in Households, by Voivodship: a Cluster Analysis
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Paweł
Published: August 2019

The aim of this work is to assess the development of voivodships in terms of the usage of e‑services (e‑government, e‑commerce, e‑health, etc.) in households, in comparison with the research on the overall ICT usage in households, in voivodships. The results of both of these studies enabled the verification of the thesis that the higher the level of overall ICT usage in households, in a given voivodship, the higher the level of e‑services usage in these households. In the theoretical part of the work, the rationale for the research was presented. Therefore, the importance of the usage of e‑services in households, for building an information society and consequently knowledge‑based economy, has been described. The research methodology also included: linear ordering methods (Hellwig’s method, methods that are non‑based on the pattern of development), agglomerative hierarchical clustering method (Ward’s method), and optimisation clustering method (the k‑means method) have been discussed. The empirical part of the work involves presentation of the research results. Data from the year 2017, provided by the Central Statistical Office of Poland, was used. Within the framework of the usage of e‑services in households (26 variables), the rankings of voivodships were created and the clusters of voivodships were detected. The obtained rankings and clusters of voivodships served to compare and assess voivodships in the analysed year. In the light of the results relating to the usage of the e‑services, the results of ordering and clustering of voivodships within the framework of overall ICT usage in households (27 variables) were obtained. Then, the verification of the assumed thesis was conducted.
JAWI'S WRITING AS A MALAY ISLAMIC INTELLECTUAL TRADITION
Authors: Dungcik Masyhur
Published: August 2019

Jawi writings began to show their role in the Malay Land since the entry of Islam into the archipelago. However, at this time Jawi writings seem to have been marginalized by Rumi or Latin writings. This condition is inversely proportional to what happens when Malay (Jawi writing) reaches a high level in its time. At that time Christian priests had to translate the Bible into Malay so they could spread their religion in Malay lands. Whereas at present, Muslims must transliterate the Qur'an into Latin letters so that Muslims can read it in Malay lands. This fact shows that the Malays have experienced a setback in the intellectual tradition that was once possessed in the form of Jawi writing. This research aims to find out the role of Jawi writings in the past and what must be done to safeguard one of the valuable intellectual traditions of Malay Islam. The results show that currently Jawi writing has become a rare commodity in the Indonesian Malay world. While neighboring countries such as Malaysia and Brunei still retain Jawi writing through their use on street names, buildings and other public facilities. The Indonesian Malay world community is more familiar with Latin writing than Jawi writing. Therefore, systematic efforts are needed to reintroduce and maintain the treasury of Jawi writing to the younger generation in the Indonesian Malay world.
GAMBARAN FAKTOR PREDISPOSING, ENABLING DAN REINFORCING KB VASEKTOMI
Authors: Rosalina Shelly
Published: August 2019

Background: Family Planning Program is a program that can be adopted by men and women but for male participation is still low that is 0.3%. In Surabaya, the target of vasectomy from 31 sub-districts is only 8 districts (26%) who have reached the target of active participants of KB Vasectomy. Kenjeran sub-district is one of the sub-districts that has reached the target of vasectomy and has family vasectomy group which has active participants. Purpose: The aims of this study was to identify the factors oh male participation in vasectomy contraception in the Kenjeran District of Surabaya. Methods: The design of this research is qualitative research with phenomenology approach. The research informants were 9 people, 6 were key informants ie men who followed KB vasectomy and 3 additional informants, the wife of the key informant. Results: The results showed the number of informants as many as 9 people with age range elderly. The predisposing factor showed good knowledge, attitude and belief about vasectomy method. The reinforcing factors showed most informants have the support of the wives and the male family planning group who has a role as a motivator and disseminator. The affordability cost and good service are enabling factors, men, to participate in the vasectomy method. Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is informant has the desire to participate in KB vasectomy, proved by the finding of factors that support man to do KB vasectomy.
Synthesis of 2,2'-Bis-7-Substituted-[1,3,4]Thiadiazolo-[2,3-B]Quinazolin-5-one and Screened for Analgesic Activity
Authors: Dipu Kakoty  , B. Shivakumar  , Kamal Nayan
Published: August 2019

A series of 2,2'-bis-7-substituted-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo-[2,3-b]quinazolin-5-one were synthesized by action of 3-amino-2-mercaptoquinazolinone-4(3H)-one. By the analytical and spectral properties of IR, H1NMR and Mass, newly synthesized compounds are characterized. The present new series of compounds have been subjected to the analgesic (in vivo) activities by standard methods. Results of the activities reveals that, none of the compounds exhibited good to significant analgesic activities.
A Cross-sectional Study on Quality of Sleep Among College Students in Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El-beida, Libya
Authors: Nusieba A Mohammed Ibrahim  , Yahya Saber E Mansour
Published: August 2019

The main aims of this current study were to assess the quality of sleep and to find the association between socio-demographic proforma and quality of sleep among college students. The non-experimental cross-sectional study design was adopted. The study included 100 college students studying in two medical colleges in Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El-beida, Libya. The samples were selected by the stratified sampling technique. The data was collected using socio-demographic proforma and the quality of sleep scale prepared by the investigators. The study findings showed that 3% of college students had an excellent sleep, 23% had a good sleep, 73% had fairly bad sleep, and 1% had very poor sleep. There was an association between the number of siblings and the quality of sleep. Based on the study results, it is concluded that the majority of college students had fairly bad sleep, and there is no significant association between socio-demographic proforma and quality of sleep except the number of siblings. The study helped in identifying the quality of sleep among college students. The study may help future investigators to adopt different methods to shape the truth.
Modeling stock market return volatility in the presence of structural breaks
Authors: Ndei Caroline Michere , Muchina Stephen , Waweru Kennedy
Published: August 2019

This study sought to model the stock market return volatility at the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) in the presence of structural breaks. Using daily NSE 20 share index for the period 04/01/2010  to  29/12/2017,  the market return volatility was modeled using different GARCH type models and taking into account four endogenously identified structural breaks. The market exhibited a non-normal distribution that was leptokurtic and negatively skewed and also showed evidence for ARCH effects, volatility clustering, and volatility persistence. We found that by considering structural breaks, volatility persistence was reduced, while leverage effects were found to lead to explosive volatility. In addition, investors were not rewarded for taking up additional risk since the risk premium was insignificant for the full period. However, during explosive volatility, investors were rewarded for taking up more risk. Moreover, we found that risk premium, leverage effects, and volatility persistence were significantly correlated. The GARCH (1,1) and TGARCH(1,1) models were found to be the best fit models to test for symmetric and asymmetric effects respectively. While the GARCH models were able to provide evidence for the stylized facts in the NSE, we conclude that the presence or absence of these features is period specific. This especially relates to volatility persistence, leverage effects, and risk premium effects. Caution should, therefore, be taken in using a specific GARCH model to forecast market return volatility in Kenya. It is thus imperative to pretest the data before any return volatility forecasting is done.
Effect of leverage and firm size on financial performance of deposit taking savings and credit cooperatives in Kenya
Authors: Shibutse Robert lukhanda , Kalunda Elizabeth , Achoki George
Published: August 2019

Critical to the success of financial institutions' performance is there Capital Structure. The study aimed to, investigate the effect of two capital structure determinants, leverage, and firm size on financial performance as measured by Return on Assets of Deposit Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Kenya. The study was grounded on Tradeoff, Pecking order, and Mogdiliani and Miller capital structure theories. A positivist approach was adopted utilizing a mixed-method research design. The population of the research study was 174 Deposit Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies from whom primary and secondary data was collected. A stratified and purposive sampling technique was employed. Descriptive statistics and a regression model were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that firm size had a significant and positive effect on financial performance, whereas Leverage, had a significant but negative effect on financial performance. The study recommends having in place an Assets and Liabilities committee in each Deposit Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Society that would help manage the assets and liabilities of the institution, ensuring sound liquidity and cash flow management. Critical factors that contribute to a firm size such as increased membership, deposits mobilization amongst others need to be addressed.
Influence of idealized influence on employee engagement in parastatals in the energy sector in Kenya
Authors: Change Doris , Linge Teresia Kavoo , Sikalieh Damary
Published: August 2019

Parastatals continue to experience difficulties in trying to achieve employee engagement. Consequently, governments have transitioned to the transformational leadership style to effectively achieve employee engagement. Nevertheless, it is still ambiguous whether the institution of transformational leadership style dimensions has boosted employee engagement levels in parastatals in Kenya. The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of idealized influence on employee engagement in parastatals in the energy sector in Kenya. Also, the study sought to determine the moderating influence of employee motivation on the relationship between idealized influence and employee engagement. This study targeted the 10 parastatals within the energy sector in Kenya with a population of 315 middle-level managers. The study adopted a positivist research philosophy to examine how idealized influence influences employee engagement and data were collected using structured questionnaires. A correlational research design was conducted with the purpose of determining the strength of the relationship between parameters of idealized influence and employee engagement in parastatals in the energy sector in Kenya. The findings showed that employee engagement has a statistical significant relationship with charisma, r(166) = 0.590, p < 0.01; ethical leadership, r(165) = 0.553, p < 0.01; teamwork, r(166) = 0.531, p < 0.01. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that employee motivation positively and significantly moderates the relationship between idealized influence and employee engagement, R2= 0.405, F(2, 159) = 54.100, p <0.05, ? = 0.225,  p < 0.05. The study concluded that charisma, ethical leadership, teamwork, and employee motivation positively enhance employee engagement.
The QBIT Theory of Consciousness
Authors: Beshkar Majid
Published: August 2019

The QBIT theory is an attempt toward solving the problem of consciousness based on empirical evidence provided by various scientific disciplines including quantum mechanics, biology, information theory, and thermodynamics. This theory formulates the problem of consciousness in the following four questions, and provides preliminary answers for each question: Question 1: What is the nature of qualia? Answer: A quale is a superdense pack of quantum information encoded in maximally entangled pure states. Question 2: How are qualia generated? Answer: When a pack of quantum information is compressed beyond a certain threshold, a quale is generated. Question 3: Why are qualia subjective? Answer: A quale is subjective because a pack of information encoded in maximally entangled pure states are essentially private and unshareable. Question 4: Why does a quale have a particular meaning? Answer: A pack of information within a cognitive system gradually obtains a particular meaning as it undergoes a progressive process of interpretation performed by an internal model installed in the system.This paper introduces the QBIT theory of consciousness, and explains its basic assumptions and conjectures.
Simulation the Probability of Liberalizing Chlorin Gas from Urban Water Chlorination System in Alborz: With the Cancer Approach
Authors: Moradi Reza , Nikpey Ahmad , Saeedabadi Hamzeh , Yari Saeed
Published: August 2019

Background: Qazvin province has suffered a lot of natural disasters (earthquakes) for a long time. so, the establishment of the first industrial city in Iran, has always been a source of concern. One of these problems is the possibility of chlorine gas leaking from the chlorination system of drinking water and treatment plant the existing ones are on the health of the inhabitants of this region.Material and method: This analytical study was carried out in Novorossiysk district of Alborz in December 2012. Initially, chlorine gas leakage scenarios from these facilities were simulated by ALOHA and WISER software, and then using the Emergency Level System, according to the CCPS Consultative Center's Chemical Process Safety Advice, the Emergency Response Program was presented. Results: ALOHA software, in comparison with WISER software, has more precision to identify and address the consequences of chlorine gas leakage hazards and according to the simulation of this software in the event of a leak from the well and water resources unit at 8240 m from the area and at night 7520 meters will be affected. Due to the speed of delivering results through the WISER software, this software can be used at times when the operating speed is considered (incident time).Conclusion: According to the CCPS model, the emergency conditions were classified at levels 3 and 4, therefore, the relevant crisis management agencies (Qazvin Crisis Management Committee, Alborz City Health Center, Red Crescent and Firefighting Authority) should provide training maneuvers At Alborz city level, and informing people of cities and industrial companies, many efforts have been made to reduce human and environmental damage in case of possible leakage.
CYGNSS Surface Heat Flux Product Development
Authors: Crespo Juan A. , Posselt Derek J. , Asharaf Shakeel
Published: August 2019

Ocean surface heat fluxes play a significant role in the genesis and evolution of various marine-based atmospheric phenomena, from the synoptic scale down to the microscale. While in-situ measurements from buoys and flux towers will continue to be the standard in regards to surface heat flux estimates, they commonly have significant gaps in temporal and spatial coverage. Previous and current satellite missions have filled these gaps; though they may not observe the fluxes directly, they can measure the variables needed (wind speed, temperature, and humidity) to estimate latent and sensible heat fluxes. However, current remote sensing instruments have their own limitations, such as infrequent coverage, signals attenuated by precipitation, or both. The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission overcomes these limitations over the tropical and subtropical oceans by providing improved coverage in nearly all weather conditions. While CYGNSS (Level 2) primarily estimates surface winds, when coupled with observations or estimates of temperature and humidity from reanalysis data, it can provide estimates of latent and sensible heat fluxes along its orbit. This paper describes the development of the Surface Heat Flux Product for the CYGNSS mission, its current results, and expected improvements and changes in future releases.
Anthropogenic Mineral Supply through a Circular Economy Approach Has Potential to Meet Chinese Resource Consumption
Authors: Zeng Xianlai , Ali Saleem , Tian Jinping , Li Jinhui
Published: August 2019

An increasingly large quantity of primary mineral resource is being converted into manufactured products and destined for solid waste disposal. This material can be reclassified as “anthropogenic mineral reserves” and be a potential source of metals for a range of manufacturing uses. China is implementing a range of policy interventions which can lead to such a classification that will raise the profile of recycling programs as a means of metal supply. China is not only a major producer of consumer products and importer of secondary metals, but also has a major urban infrastructure footprint. Here we consider three product groups, 30 products, and imports, and map the recycling potential of anthropogenic mineral and 23 types of the capsulated materials by targeting their evolution from 2010 to 2050. Total weight of anthropogenic mineral on average in China reached 39 Mt in 2010, but it will double in 2022 and quadruple in 2045. Stocks of precious metals and rare earths will increase faster than most base materials. The total economic potential in yearly-generated anthropogenic mineral is anticipated to grow markedly from 100 billion US$ in 2020 to 400 billion US$ in 2050. Anthropogenic mineral of around 20 materials will be able to meet projected consumption of three product groups by 2050, due to high availability of recycled content and gradual saturation of consumption. Durability of material usage and the concomitant stock of the anthropogenic mineral remain major challenges in determining the viability of this supply in the second half of the coming century.
Studies of Halogen Bonding Induced by Pentafluorosulfanyl Aryl Iodides: A Potential Group of Halogen Bond Donors in a Rational Drug Design
Authors: Sumii Yuji , Sasaki Kenta , Tsuzuki Seiji , Shibata Norio
Published: August 2019

The activation of halogen bonding by the substitution of the pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) group was studied using a series of SF5-substituted iodobenzenes. The simulated electrostatic potential values of SF5-substituted iodobenzenes, ab initio molecular orbital calculations of intermolecular interactions of SF5-substituted iodobenzenes with pyridine, and the 13C NMR titration experiments of SF5-substituted iodobenzenes in the presence of pyridine or tetra (n-butyl) ammonium chloride (TBAC) indicated the obvious activation of halogen bonding, although this was highly dependent on the position of SF5-substitution on the benzene ring. 3,5-Bis-SF5-iodobenzene was the most effective halogen bond donor followed by o-SF5-substituted iodobenzene, while the m- and p-SF5 substitutions did not activate the halogen bonding of iodobenzenes. The 2:1 halogen bonding complex of 3,5-bis-SF5-iodobenzene and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) was also confirmed. Since SF5-containing compounds have emerged as promising novel pharmaceutical and agrochemical candidates, the 3,5-bis-SF5-iodobenzene unit should be an attractive fragment of rational drug design capable of halogen bonding with biomolecules.
Implementasi Metode Famī Bisyauqin dalam Memelihara Hafalan Al-Qur’ān Pada HuffāẒ di Ma’had Tahfidzul Qur’ān Abu Bakar Ash-Shidiq Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Authors: Jiyanto Desti widiani , Jiyanto Jiyanto
Published: August 2019

Abstract

The methods of maintaining the memorization of the Qur'an which have so far not provided and alternative solution to the huffāẓ to maintain the recitation of the Qur'an easily, practically, systematically, flexibly and in accordance with the Sunnah of the Prophet, so that not a few huffs have difficulty in maintaining their memorization. Ma'had Tahfiẓul Qur'an Abu Bakr Ash Shidiq Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta offers a method of maintaining the memorization of the Qur'an easily, practical, systematic, flexible and in accordance with the sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad, namely the famī bisyauqin method. This research is a study that uses a qualitative descriptive approach, carried out in Ma'had Tahfidzul Qur'an Abu Bakar ash-Shidqi Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. The research subjects are mudir ma’had and huffāẓ. The purpose of this research is to find out the implementation of the famī bisyauqin method, the supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of the famī bisyauqin method, and the advantages and disadvantages of the implementation of the famī bisyauqin method in maintaining the memorization of the Qur'an at huffāẓ in the ma'had tahfidzul Qur'an Abu Bakar ash -Shidiq Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.

 

Keywords: Fami Bisyauqin's method, Maintaining the Hafalan al-Qur'an, Huffāẓ

 

Abstrak

Metode-metode memelihara hafalan al-Qur’ān yang ada selama ini belum memberikan solusi alternatif kepada para huffāẓ untuk mempertahankan hafalan al-Qur’ān secara mudah, praktis, sistematis, fleksibel dan sesuai sunnah Rasulullah SAW. Ma’had Tahfiẓul Qur’an Abu Bakar Ash Shidiq Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta menawarkan metode dalam memelihara hafalan al-Qur’ān  secara mudah, praktis, sistematis, fleksibel dan sesuai sunnah Rasulullah SAW, yaitu metode famī bisyauqin. Peneletian ini merupakan penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan secara kualitatif deskriptif, dilaksanakan di Ma’had Tahfidzul Qur’an Abu Bakar ash-Shidqi Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Subyek penelitiannya adalah mudir ma’had dan huffāẓ. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui implementasi metode famī bisyauqin, faktor pendukung dan penghambat implementasi metode famī bisyauqin, dan kelebihan dan kekurangan dari implementasi metode famī bisyauqin dalam memelihara hafalan al-Qur’ān pada huffāẓ di ma’had tahfidzul Qur’an Abu Bakar ash-Shidiq Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.

Kata Kunci : Metode Famī Bisyauqin, Memelihara Hafalan al-Qur’an, Huffāẓ
Improving Chemical-Enhanced-Oil-Recovery Simulations and Reducing Subsurface Uncertainty Using Downscaling Conditioned to Tracer Data
Authors: Torrealba Victor A. , Hoteit Hussein , Chawathe Adwait
Published: August 2019

Chemical–enhanced oil–recovery (CEOR) mechanisms are strongly influenced by gridblock size and reservoir heterogeneity compared with conventional waterflooding (WF) simulations. In WF–simulation models, simulation grids are commonly upscaled (coarsened) on the basis of a single–phase flow to perform history matching and sensitivity analyses within affordable computational times. However, this coarse–grid resolution (typically, approximately 100 ft) is insufficient for CEOR, and hence usually fails to capture key physical mechanisms. These coarse models also tend to increase numerical dispersion, artificially increase the level of mixing, and have inadequate resolution to capture certain geological features to which EOR processes can be highly sensitive. Thus, coarse models often overestimate the sweep efficiency as a result of numerical dispersion, and underestimate the displacement efficiency as a result of the artificial dilution of chemicals.

Therefore, grid refinement is necessary for CEOR simulations when the original (fine) Earth model is not available or when major disconnects occur between the original Earth model and the history–matched coarse WF model. However, recreating the fine–scale heterogeneity without degrading the history match from the coarse grid remains a challenge. Because of the different recovery mechanisms involved in CEOR, such as miscibility and thermodynamic phase behavior, the impact of grid downscaling on CEOR simulations is not well–understood.

In this work, we introduce a geostatistical downscaling method that can be conditioned to tracer data, for refining coarse history–matched WF models. The proposed downscaling method refines the coarse grid and populates the relevant properties in the newly created, finer gridblocks, reproducing the fine–scale heterogeneity while retaining the fluid material balance. The method treats the values of rock properties in the coarse grid as hard data, and the corresponding variograms and property distributions as soft data. We outline a work flow that reduces uncertainties in the geological properties by integrating dynamic data such as sweep efficiency from the interwell tracers. We provide several test cases, and demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method to improving the history match of a CEOR pilot.
Antibiotic Use and Misuse: The Development and Investigation of a Theory Driven Community Measure
Authors: Byrne Mitchell K. , Miellet Sebastien , McGlinn Anica , Fish Janaye , Meedya Shahla , Reynolds Nina , Oijen Antoine M. van
Published: August 2019

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health concern, with extensive associated health and economic implications. Actions to slow and contain the development of resistance are imperative. Despite the fact that overuse and misuse of antibiotics are highlighted as major contributing factors to this resistance, no sufficiently validated measures aiming to investigate the drivers behind consumer behaviour amongst the general population are available.
Method: This study aimed to develop and investigate the psychometric properties of an original, novel and multiple-item questionnaire, informed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour, to measure factors contributing to self-reported antibiotic use within the community. A three-phase process was employed, including literature review and item generation; expert panel review; and pre-test. Investigation of the questionnaire was then subsequently conducted through a cross sectional, anonymous survey. Orthogonal principal analysis with varimax rotation, cronbach alpha and linear mixed-effects modelling analyses were conducted.
Results: A 60 item questionnaire was produced encompassing demographics, social desirability, three constructs of the Theory of Planned Behaviour including: attitudes and beliefs; subjective norm; perceived behavioural control; behaviour; and a covariate – knowledge. 373 participants completed the survey. 80 participants (22%) were excluded due to social desirability concerns, with data from the remaining 293 participants analysed. Results showed modest but acceptable levels of internal reliability, with high inter-item correlations within each construct. All four variables and the outcome variable of antibiotic use behaviour comprised four items with the exception of social norms, for which there were two items, producing a final 18 item questionnaire. Perceived behavioural control, social norms, the interaction between attitudes and beliefs and knowledge, and the presence of a healthcare worker in the family were all significant predictors of antibiotic use behaviour. All other predictors tested produced a nonsignificant relationship with the outcome variable of self-reported antibiotic use.
Conclusion: The questionnaire provides a tool to guide appropriate intervention strategies to reduce antibiotic misuse in the general population. Future research is required to assess the extent to which this tool can guide community-based intervention strategies.
The Effect of TRX vs. Aquatic Exercises on Self-Reported Knee Instability and Affected Factors in Women with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Asar Shirin , Gandomi Farzaneh , Mozafari Mahsa , Sohaili Freshteh
Published: August 2019

Background

Knee Instability (KI) is described as a sense of the knee buckling, shifting, or giving way during the weight bearing activities. High prevalence (65%) has been reported for KI amongst the patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). So, we studied the effect of two interventions on self-reported KI and affected factors.Methods

In this single blind, randomized, and controlled trial, 36 patients with radiographic grading (Kellgren–Lawrence 1–4) of knee osteoarthritis were selected for participating. patients were allocated in three groups aquatic exercises (n=12), Total Resistance eXercises (TRX) exercises (n=12) and control (n=12) by random. 8-week TRX and aquatic exercises were carried out by experimental groups. Pain severity was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS), Balance was also evaluated by Berg Balance Scale (BBS), quadriceps strength by dynamometer, and knee range of motion (ROM) by inclinometer, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC), self-reported KI were also measured before and after interventions.Results

The results of One-way ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference between aquatic exercises and TRX (P>0.05) for KI, BBS, WOMAC, and pain. But there was significant difference between the aquatic exercises and the control for KI (P=0.0001), BBS (P=0.0001), WOMAC Stiffness (P=0.0001), and pain (P=0.006). Also, there was significant difference between the TRX and the control for KI (P=0.0001), BBS (P=0.0001), and pain (P=0.003) except WOMAC Stiffness (P=0.07).Conclusions

TRX and aquatic interventions had a similar effect on the patients’ KI, pain, function, and also balance variables, but TRX exercises had more effect on the knee stiffness improvement.
Effective Clinical Teaching Practice and Associated Factors among Midwifery Educators in Public Universities of Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Kitaba Kebenesa Angasu , Gebrehiwot Solomon Weldemariam , Belachew Abate Bekele
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Despite the fact that effective clinical teaching realistically enhances learners to be competent, in Ethiopia only 31.6% of midwifery graduates passed the national standard of competence for graduation in 2013. Likewise, evidence is lacking on effective clinical teaching practice of midwifery educators in Ethiopia. As a result, this study aimed to assess effective clinical teaching practice and associated factors among midwifery educators in Public Universities of Ethiopia.
Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among midwifery educators in Ethiopia in April, 2019. A total of 424 educators were randomly selected to participate in this study. Data were collected through email then entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and transported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. The data presented using frequency, percentage and tables. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify associated factors of effective clinical teaching practice. The odds ratio at 95% confidence interval used to ascertain association. Statistical significance declared at P<0.05.
Results: Only 178(47.3%) of participants had effective clinical teaching practice. Clinical teaching experience (AOR= 4.72; 95%CI=1.97, 11.29), training on higher diploma in teaching profession (AOR=2.78; 95%CI=1.61, 4.82), clinical teaching workshop (AOR=4; 95%CI=1.98, 8.05), students per clinical unit (AOR= 3.71; 95%CI= 1.66, 8.26), giving objectives of clinical learning for students (AOR= 4.74; 95%CI=2.43, 9.25), using performance based assessment tool (AOR =1.82; 95%CI=1.04, 3.16) and having good interest in clinical teaching (AOR=8.63; 95%CI=2.91, 25.56) were factors positively associated with effective clinical teaching practice.
Conclusions: Less than half of midwifery educators of Ethiopian Public Universities had effective clinical teaching practice. The educators’ clinical teaching experience, training and adhering to clinical teaching standards were identified to affect effective clinical teaching positively. Therefore, the educators should adhere to the standards for effective clinical teaching and receive trainings on effective teaching.
Key words: Effective clinical teaching, associated factors, Midwifery educators, Ethiopia
La constitución en sentido material de Constantino Mortati
Authors: Maya Barroso Delio
Published: August 2019

El presente escrito tiene como objetivo explorar la obra La Constitución en sentido material del célebre profesor italiano Constantino Mortati, en busca de elementos que nutran la discusión en la Teoría del Derecho alrededor del problema fundamental del contenido material de la Constitución. Un tema de gran relevancia a la hora de discutir los límites del poder reformatorio de la Constitución y de abordar la compleja diferenciación entre Constitución o ley fundamental y normas ordinarias a partir de un contenido material. En él se hace una presentación sucinta del texto, se identifica la propuesta central de contenido material de la Constitución y se abordan algunas problemáticas metodológicas relacionadas tales como: el tipo de Teoría del Derecho a la que corresponde la propuesta, qué significa si dicha teoría intenta ocupar la función de estabilización que corresponde a la dogmática jurídica y por último, la naturaleza de los apoyos sociológicos utilizados por el autor.  Es un artículo de reflexión que busca nutrir la discusión en la Teoría del Derecho alrededor del problema fundamental del contenido material de la Constitución.
La crisis política colombiana ¿un estado de excepción? Algunas representaciones en la literatura
Authors: Gil Lyda Patricia
Published: August 2019

El conflicto armado en Colombia es abordado desde análisis históricos, políticos y económicos, lo cual ha llevado en diversos momentos a obviar elementos a favor de la historia, la economía, la política y hasta de la cultura. Con ello, el entramado de la historia se difumina y se pone al servicio de unos cuantos. El presente artículo pretende realizar un análisis de esa realidad localizando elementos encontrados en la literatura colombiana, revisando qué indicios dejan las obras sobre la historia y la política de un país como el nuestro.  Para lo cual, se toman como base obras de autores como Efe Gómez, Hernando Téllez y Roberto Rubiano Vargas. Además se analizan conceptos como crisis y estado de excepción desde la perspectiva de Medófilo Medina y Giorgo Agamben para establecer cómo la crisis política colombiana se entreteje en el marco de un estado de excepción. Este artículo constituye una reflexión sobre el análisis del Estado de excepción desde una perspectiva cultural y literaria.
La seguridad nacional en Colombia réspice pollum, militarización de lo civil y enemigo interno
Authors: Silva Serna Juan Sebastián
Published: August 2019

El presente artículo analiza de manera crítica las políticas de seguridad nacional en Colombia, en especial la Doctrina de Seguridad Nacional y la Política de Seguridad Democrática. Dichas políticas se han construido sobre tres ejes fundamentales: el panamericanismo, que ha buscado crear un sistema hemisférico de seguridadad, dicha búsqueda se ha materializado en Colombia con la doctrina del respice pollum; la militarización de lo civil y finalmente, un enemigo óntico. Artículo que muestra los resultados del Proyecto Integrador de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas en la Universidad de San Buenaventura, sede Bogotá. Mejor propuesta de investigación en la II Jornada de Socialización, junio de 2009.
Immunohistochemical evaluation of the influence of rebaudioside A on neurons containing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the rat’s hippocampus and striatum
Authors: RYCERZ KAROL , JAWORSKA-ADAMU JADWIGA
Published: August 2019

The aim of the study was to investigate acetylcholinesterase-immunoreactive neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus and in the striatum (CS) of rats receiving rebaudioside A (RebA) for 15 days. RebA is a steviol glycoside used in the production of sweeteners, and it has been shown that glycosides affect memory and learning processes. RebA was administrated to adult rats for 15 days at 1 mg of glycoside/ml of water (group I) and 2 mg of glycoside/ml of water (group II). An indirect immunohistochemical peroxydase-antiperoxydase reaction was performed on frontal slides containing the hippocampus and CS with the use of a monoclonal antibody against AChE. Neurons immunoreactive for the protein were assessed morphologically and morphometrically in hippocampal area CA1 and in the CS. Microscopical observations did not reveal significant morphological changes in immunopositive neurons, which suggests that the glycoside had no neurotoxic effect of these cells. Morphometric analyses did not show changes in the density of AChE-immunoreactive neurons. On the other hand, a decrease in reaction intensity was demonstrated in hippocampal area CA1 in group I and in the CS in both groups of animals receiving RebA. The results of our preliminary studies suggest that RebA affects cholinergic neurons.
Method of dissecting edible snails of the genus Cornu
Authors: ZIĘTEK JERZY , ZIOMEK MONIKA , WILCZYŃSKA ANNA
Published: August 2019

Snails of the genus Cornu are farm-raised as edible molluscs. Dissection is one of the basic diagnostic tests available in the breeding of these animals, used to determine the cause of death or disease, and to collect material for further laboratory tests. The aim of this article was to present a method for the dissection of snails for veterinary use based on the experience gained from 200 mollusc dissections, and to present a short description of the anatomical structure of snails. The method described is characterized by its speed and simplicity. The observations made during the dissection, as presented in the article provide valuable diagnostic information for veterinarians responsible for care on snail farms.
Effects of water-saving education in Taiwan on public water knowledge, attitude, and behavior intention change
Authors: Wang Yu-Hung , Chang Mei-Chen , Liou Jia-Ru
Published: August 2019

This study aims to measure the changes in the water literacy of the subjects (N = 620) aged over 18 before and after participating in the water-saving activities. The results showed that there is a significant improvement in the water literacy of the subjects after the water-saving activities but with a medium-small effect size; there is no significant correlation between water knowledge and water attitude before or after the activities. In addition, there is a significant difference in water literacy regarding subjects' background variables, such as age, income, and household water expenses. In other words, the attitude and behavior related to the use of water could be easily influenced by different background variables. Due to the limitation of the museum being the study field, the post-tests were given immediately following the activities, therefore the improvements of the subjects' knowledge and attitudes may not be retained over time. The findings can serve as a reference for the Water Resources Department to promote water conservation education in the future.
Migración indocumentada y derecho social a la salud: Una trayectoria difuminada en Estados Unidos y México
Authors: Rosales Yetzi
Published: August 2019

Este artículo analiza el derecho social a la salud en un grupo de mexicanos deportados en el marco de la migración entre México y Estados Unidos. Con base en 20 entrevistas semiestructuradas con deportados residentes en la ciudad de Monterrey, Nuevo León, se exploró la búsqueda y acceso a servicios de salud durante una trayectoria migratoria conformada por tres etapas: el destino, la intercepción y el retorno. Los resultados emanan de una doble vivencia, primero, como inmigrantes irregulares en Estados Unidos y, después como deportados en México. El derecho a la salud se ejerció parcialmente en ambos contextos nacionales con sistemas de salud y políticas que excluyen, a propósito o por omisión, a inmigrantes irregulares y deportados. El tiempo de residencia o ausencia, así como las redes familiares actuaron como factores antagónicos favoreciendo o inhibiendo el acceso a la salud según la etapa migratoria analizada. Este derecho se ejerció típicamente durante emergencias médicas causadas principalmente por accidentes.
The Euro crisis. Causes and Symptoms
Authors: S. Weber Christoph
Published: August 2019

The Euro crisis is mainly a consequence of the international financial crisis of 2008. Thereby, the term Euro crisis is misleading as there is no currency crisis. First, the article shows some of the birth defects of the Euro. Second, it shows that the increase in public debt was caused by rescue measures for banks and anti-cyclical fiscal policy. Third, we argue that the Euro crisis is not just one crisis (a sovereign debt crisis) but it is a combination of several macroeconomic crises including a growth crisis, a labour market crisis, a public debt crisis, and a current account crisis.
Syntagmes nominaux locatifs de la classe 17 ku en kirundi (JD62)
Authors: Misago Manoah-Joël , Tuyubahe Pascal , Nshimirimana Epimaque
Published: August 2019

Dans les langues bantoues, le préfixe nominal locatif de la classe 17 est généralement employé pour exprimer le lieu. Le but de cet article est de montrer qu’en kirundi (JD62), langue parlée au Burundi, les syntagmes nominaux locatifs de la classe 17 ku n’expriment pas toujours un vrai lieu, et leurs valeurs sémantiques sont particulièrement étendues. Dans cet article, l’étude des diverses valeurs sémantiques de ces syntagmes nominaux locatifs est faite sur base d’un corpus de textes kirundi de BantUgent. Quinze types de valeurs sémantiques ont été identifiés dans l'échantillon considéré. Par rapport à l’action exprimée dans une phrase, le syntagme nominal locatif de la classe 17 peut exprimer le thème, le bénéficiaire, le but, la cause, la manière, le numéral, l’origine, le patient, l’adjuvant, le prix, l’aboutissement, l’agent, la raison, la source et le point de vue.
Movie Recommendation to Friends Using Whale Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Papneja Sachin , Sharma Kapil , Khilwani Nitesh
Published: August 2019

Background::

Recent advances in the World Wide Web and semantic networks have amplified
social networking platforms, where the users share their photos, hobbies, location, interests,
and experiences such as movie or restaurants. Social media platforms such as Facebook, twitter and
LinkedIn are used to recommend the users the things of their interests such as movie, food, locations
and friends.

Objective::

A novel method for the recommendation of movies to a friend using whale optimization
has been introduced. Ratings given by friends of various movies are employed to recommend movies.

Method::

Different evolutionary-based optimization methods have been applied for movie recommendation.
The proposed method has been tested on movie-lense dataset and results are compared
with 5 other methods namely, K-means, PCA K- means, SOM, PCA-SOM, PSO and ABC in terms
of mean absolute error, precision and recall.

Result::

The experimental results demonstrate that proposed method outperformed all considered
methods for 88.5% clusters centers in terms of precision, recall and mean absolute error.

Conclusion::

A novel recommendation system based on users rating has been designed to recommend
movies to friends. It leverages the strengths of whale optimization to find the optimal solution.