bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN KEPUASAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN PADA PT SUMBER ALFARIA TRIJAYA TBK
Authors: Supiyani Riki , Afridola Sri
Published: October 2021

The development of the retail business, at the same time as a rapid development should no longer be managed traditionally, but in a modern way so that it becomes an innovative, dynamic, and competitive business. One of the advantages in running a retail business is that it has a broad market reach, not only opening retail in big cities, but also extending to the edge of the city. PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya Tbk is better known as Alfamart which was established in 1989 by Djoko Susanto. Competition in the world of commerce is felt and changes in the environment and technology are increasingly rapid and continue to support competition today, customer-oriented marketing strategies, making retail companies must understand well the behavior and needs of their customers to achieve maximum benefits for Alfamart, Alfamart is a retail provide various daily needs for consumption by the community. Alfamartm provides staple goods at affordable prices, convenient shopping, and locations that are easily accessible. This study aims to identify the effect of service quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty to PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya Tbk. The sampling technique used to collect data in this study was random sampling determined in accordance with the coverage area of each service unit by distributing questionnaires to customers. With a total questionnaire of 382 customers from PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya Tbk. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results of this study stated that service quality has a positive and significant influence on customer loyalty. Consumer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty.Keywords: Service Quality; Consumer Satisfaction; Loyalty Customer
PENGARUH PROMOSI DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN PADA RESTORAN BAKSO LAPANGAN TEMBAK SENAYAN
Authors: Diana Diana , Mardika Nanda Harry
Published: October 2021

The development of business today is characterized by increasingly intense competition,to be able compete with other culinary businesses, companies must pay attention to promotions, service quality and customer satisfaction. Attractive promotions and good service quality can increase customer satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to determine the existence of a positive and significant effect between promotion variables and service quality on consumer satisfaction at the Restoran Bakso Lapangan Tembak Senayan with a purposive sampling technique, the number of samples in this study amounted to 100 respondents. Data collection method is questionnaire. Data quality in this study uses validity and reliability test, the classic assumption and the influence test in this study using multiple linear regression analysis and coefficient of determination analysis (R2), while the hypothesis testing in this study uses t test and F test using SPSS version 23 software program. The results of the t test and F test, it can be concluded promotion is partially positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, service quality is partially positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, as well promotion and service quality as a whole. simultaneous positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction in the Restoran Bakso Lapangan Tembak Senayan. Keywords: promotion, service quality, customer satisfaction
ANALISIS PENERAPAN MANAJEMEN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU PADA USAHA SARI TAHU GUNUNG KANCIL KABUPATEN PRINGSEWU TAHUN 2019
Authors: Wagiyo Wagiyo , Bella Ikke Sinta
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK  Persediaan merupakan sumber daya yang dimiliki perusahaan, berupa barang-barang yang akan digunakan untuk keperluan dimasa yang akan datang. Persediaan meliputi barang dagang milik perusahaan yang dapat dijual kembali atau digunakan dalam proses produksi, persediaan dapat berbentuk bahan baku, barang setengah jadi dan barang jadi yang siap untuk dijual.Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah Usaha Sari Tahu belum menerapkan manajemen persediaan bahan baku. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana penerapan maajemen persediaan bahan baku dengan metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) pada Usaha Sari Tahu Gunung Kancil Kabupaten Pringsewu Tahun 2019?. Tujuan Penelitian ini Ingin mengetahui Penerapan manajemen Persediaan Bahan Baku dengan Metode EOQ Pada Usaha Sari Tahu Gunung Kancil Kabupaten Pringsewu Tahun 2019.Analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Frekuensi Pembelian, Persediaan Bahan Pengaman (Safety Srock), Pemesanan Kembali (Reorder Poin), dan Total Biaya Persediaan atau Total Investory Cost (TIC). Berdasarkan analisis data yang sudah dilakukan, maka diperoleh hasil bahwa pembelian bahan baku yang dilakukan Usaha Sari Tahu Gunung Kancil Pringsewu cenderung tidak efisisen karena biaya total persediaan menggunakan kebijakan perusahaan lebih besar dibandingkan dengan menggunakan metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dengan metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) persediaan bahan baku yang optimal di Usaha Sari Tahu Gunung Kancil Pringsewu Tahun 2017 yaitu 2.066,69 kg Frekuensi pembelian sebanyak 14 kali 890,6 kg Persediaan Pengaman 1.087,5 kg Pemesanan Kembali 1.343.349,75 Total Investory Cost dan pada tahun 2018 2.105,60 kg Frekuensi pembelian 15 kai 803,07 kg Persediaan Pengaman 1.009,97 kg Pemesanan Kembali dan 1.473.923 Total Investory Cost.
ANALISIS REALISASI PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA DI PEKON KUSA KECAMATAN KOTA AGUNG TAHUN 2018
Authors: Juliono Juliono , Rastiwi Kartika
Published: October 2021

Abstrak Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa adalah keseluruhan kegiatan yang meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, penatusahaan, pelaporan dan pertanggungjawaban keuangan desa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah Pengelolaan Dana Desa di Pekon Kusa sudah sesuai dengan Permendagri Nomor 113 Tahun 2014. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pekon Kusa, Kecamatan Kota Agung, Kabupaten Tanggamus.Jenis penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik deskriptif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu dengan: 1) Pengumpulan data 2) Reduksi data 3) Penyajian data 4) analisis (pembahasan), dengan cara membandingkan dokumen-dokumen yang terkait antara pengeloaan dana Desa di Pekon Kusa Kecamatan Kota Agung dengan Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 113 Tahun 2014 tentang Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa. 5) Penarikan kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini berupa teks naratif tentang pengelolaan dana desa di Pekon Kusa Kecamatan Kota Agung.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengelolaan Dana Desa Di Pekon Kusa secara umum sudah sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 113 Tahun 2014. Namun masih ada beberapa ketentuan yang belum dilakukan. Pertama, pada proses perencanaan keuangan desa masih mengalami keterlambatan dalam menetapkan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Desa karena ada peraturan baru yang muncul sehingga diperlukan penyesuaian. Selanjutnya pada proses pelaksanaan, dalam pengeluaran desa belum semua dilakukan melalui rekening kas desa. Selain itu, pada proses pelaporan dan pertanggungjawaban juga mengalami keterlambatan dalam penyampaian laporan realiasi pelaksanaan dan pertanggungjawaban keuangan desa belum di informasikan kepada masyarakat melalui media social ataupun media lainnya
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PENGHINDARAN PAJAK PADA PERUSAHAAN FARMASI DI BEI
Authors: Azis Mohammad Taufik , Widianingsih Isra Umami
Published: October 2021

Perusahaan akan mengurangi biaya pajak untuk meningkatkan laba perusahaan, sehingga diharapkan dengan penghindaran pajak ini dapat meningkatkat kinerja keuangan. Tujuan perusahaan ini adalah untuk mengetahui profitabilitas, laverage dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap penghindaran pajak. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan farmasi di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari tahun 2015 sampai 2019 dengan populasi penelitian 50 perusahaan dan diperolah sampel perusahaan 40 perusahaan. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan teknik analisis regresi linier berganda. penelitan ini mendapatkan hasil , yaitu : profitabilitas berpengaruh negatif terhadap penghindaran pajak , sedangkan Laverage dan Ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap penghindaran Kata kunci: Profitabilitas, Laverage, Ukuran perusahaan , penghindaran pajak
ANALISIS KEPEMIMPINAN, MOTIVASI DAN MASA KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA DINAS PERTANIAN DAN PETERNAKAN KABUPATEN PRINGSEWU
Authors: Riasmira Riasmira , Pasya Dhel Juni
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui analisis kepemimpinan, motivasi kerja dan masa kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai pada dinas pertanian dan peternakan kabupaten Pringsewu. Uji  hipotesis  dilakukan  dengan  cara  Uji  Simultan,  dilakukan  untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh secara bersama-sama antara variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat dengan menggunakan Uji F pada taraf kepercayaan 95% dengan derajat bebas (dk1) = k dan (dk2) = n – k – 1. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah pegawai pada dinas pertanian dan peternakan kabupaten pringsewu sebanyak 130 pegawai . Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 88 pegawai  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Ha diterima. Kepemimpinan, motivasi kerja dan masa kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas pertanian dan petenakan kabupaten Pringsewu, sehingga semua variabel pada kepemimpinan, motivasi dan masa kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai dinas pertanian dan peternakan kabupaten pringsewu secara signifikan. Kata Kunci : Pemimpin, Motivasi, masa kerja dan Kinerja
Factores de riesgo asociados a la transmisión de malaria en zona endemica de Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Padrón Echenique Carolina María , Velasco Pareja María Camila , Monterrosa Vergara Elkin , Yasnot Acosta María Fernanda
Published: October 2021

El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar factores de riesgo asociados a la transmisión de la malaria en el municipio de Puerto Libertador, Córdoba. Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico transversal, retrospectivo, con enfoque cuantitativo de casos de malaria de zonas rurales del municipio. La información se organizó en Excel, se describieron variables sociodemográficas, aspectos clínicos de los pacientes, de vivienda y ambientales y se realizó un análisis de riesgo para establecer asociación entre las variables y la malaria, además se clasificaron especies de anofelinos vectores y se utilizaron los softwares SatScan y QGis para identificar puntos calientes de malaria en la zona de estudio. Se incluyeron 170 casos de malaria, se identificó que 92% de los individuos carecen de servicio de recolección de basuras, 86,5% sin acueducto, más del 90% no utilizan angeos, repelentes, insecticidas o fumigaciones, se encontró asociación estadística significativa (OR>1) con las aguas estancadas, la falta de acueducto y agua continua como factores de riesgo de malaria; además se clasificaron cinco especies de mosquitos que estarían involucradas en la transmisión y se identificó un punto caliente compuesto por seis veredas del municipio. La malaria en el municipio de Puerto Libertador está asociada principalmente a problemáticas sociales, que se constituyen en factores de riesgo que favorecen la incidencia de esta enfermedad. En la zona de estudio la identificación de los mosquitos Anopheles y del punto caliente, permitirán orientar las medidas de control del vector y dirigir las intervenciones a las localidades focalizadas con mayor riesgo de malaria.
Prevalencia de Toxoplasma gondii en gestantes de Comunidades vulnerables en Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Pimienta Concepción Iván , Prado Quilambaqui Jhofre Vinicio , Ramírez López Lotty Rosita , Pérez Padilla Carlos
Published: October 2021

La toxoplasmosis es causada por un protozoo intracelular, Toxoplasma gondii, que tiene una amplia distribución geográfica. La forma congénita resulta en una forma gestacional que puede presentar una parasitemia temporal que infectará al feto. Es adquirido por consumo de carne cruda o poco cocida, alimentos o agua contaminada e infección congénita a través de la placenta. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de infección por toxoplasmosis y sus posibles factores de riesgo asociados con mujeres embarazadas que asistieron al servicio de control prenatal en el Hospital Gineco Obstétrico “Isidro Ayora”, Ecuador. Las muestras de sangre se analizaron para detectar la presencia de anticuerpos IgG e IgM contra T. gondii utilizando una prueba de hemoaglutinación. Se probó la significación de los factores de riesgo mediante análisis bivariado. Se consideró un valor de p <0,05 como estadísticamente significativo. La prevalencia de anticuerpos IgG e IgM fue de 16,32%. Se observó una asociación significativa entre la seroprevalencia y antecedentes de aborto (p=0,00804), contacto con gatos domésticos (p<0,0001) y hábitos higiénicos incorrectos (p<0.0001). Los hallazgos demostraron que el contacto con gatos, antecedentes de abortos y hábitos higiénicos incorrectos se identificaron como factores de riesgo de infección por T. gondii.
Sars-CoV-2: impulsor del eGovernment en la administración de justicia en el distrito judicial de Junín
Authors: Poma Lagos Luis Alberto , Landeo Quispe Alex Sandro , Orihuela Rojas Vladimir , Sinche Crispin ernando Viterbo
Published: October 2021

El eGovernment es un sistema interconectado que interactúa con los ciudadanos y les brinda servicios aumentados a través de aplicaciones electrónicas, con la ayuda de las TIC, en este caso, con la llegada del Sars-CoV-2 se pretendió conocer el impulso en el sistema de justicia del distrito judicial de Junín, así como, las disposiciones para la contención de la propagación de este coronavirus emitidas por sistemas de justicia y salud; mediante el método Análisis-Síntesis. Se logró obtener que el 60.55% de los encuestados han manifestado que la implementación del Gobierno Electrónico coadyuva en la garantía en la impartición de justicia; coadyuva al cumplimiento del debido proceso y el 49.54% indicó estar de acuerdo en que la aplicación del eGovernment incide efectivizando la función jurisdiccional en el Distrito Judicial de Junín. A nivel nacional, se encuentra en pleno proceso de transformación digital a través de la identificación y adopción de soluciones digitales tales como la historia clínica electrónica, la telesalud y todas sus formas, y la Agenda Digital del Sector Salud 2020-2025, constituye un valioso instrumento para la articulación y conducción del sector, promoción de la transformación digital en salud con el uso de tecnologías de información para la mejora de calidad de la atención en salud y, la necesidad de acelerar dicha transformación, a fin de contribuir en mitigar los efectos de la emergencia sanitaria por la actual pandemia Covid-19 y, de otras que se presenten.
Influence of Using Games on Learning English Vocabulary by Syrian Refugee Students in Jordan
Authors: Bader Yousef F. , Razzaq Diana Abdel
Published: October 2021

This study examines the influence of using games on learning English vocabulary and attempts to reveal the significant differences between using games and using traditional methods in learning English vocabulary among sixth grade Syrian students in Jordan. For these purposes, a group of thirty female participants were divided into two groups, each one consisting of fifteen participants. The first group was exposed to forty minutes of ten vocabulary games, three days a week for four months. The second group was exposed to traditional methods in learning vocabulary for forty minutes a day, three days a week for four months. The latter method depended on the teacher's role in giving words and their meaning, writing them on the board and asking students to memorize them. The researchers selected certain vocabulary games according to several criteria to be given to children. A pretest was conducted for each group to compare its results with the posttest results. The results of the comparison showed a significant increase in participants' accomplishment by using vocabulary games. This suggests that vocabulary games can be used as an effective tool in learning English vocabulary.
A review of treatment plans for the biological clock of astronauts: A systematic review
Authors: Shohreh Ghasemi  , Reyhaneh Heydari  , Faranak goodarzi  , Fargol Mashhadi Akbar Boojar  , Amirreza Dashti  , Mahmood Dashti
Published: October 2021

Since the start of civilization and even further back, humankind has been dreaming of flying. Recently, this dream has come true and reached beyond that and sends astronauts to outer space. However, by achieving this milestone, we encountered new problems that were new to humanity. One of the biggest problems is having a sleeping disorder and disruption of the biological clock. It is essential because having a sleep disorder makes astronauts unable to function at 100% capacity, and in outer space, it is dangerous. Some treatments for sleep disorders include drug therapy, such as Dexedrine, temazepam, modafinil, bupropion, melatonin, zolpidem, dextroamphetamine, light treatment, or a trickling sleep/wake schedule, according to NASA's guidelines. This study aimed to review the treatments for sleep disorders and disruption of the biological clock aimed at astronauts during space flights. We presented the different treatments and discussed and oriented the next prospect of research on sleep in space. Therefore, there will be guidelines for astronauts during their flights. Since the beginning of space travel, there have been many papers regarding space and weightlessness on the adverse effects on health. Studies have described the effect of space travel and the environment of microgravity on health. A few studies include both the short- and long-term effects of microgravity on the biological clock. With this new dawn and sending new astronauts to International Space Station (ISS) with NASA and SpaceX commercial Falcon 9 rocket, which opened a new horizon for spaceflights, it is even more important to consider the adverse effects microgravity on health. Purpose: This review aims to specifically analyze the biological clock, sleep deficiency, and circadian disorders. As we acknowledge, there is a sleep deficiency associated with complex microgravity environs and space missions before and after launch. Material and methods: Two researchers searched a thorough and detailed search of the PubMed database with the keywords mentioned below. The search was performed in November 2020 without any time limitations. We only included human studies and articles in the English language. Results: A total of 148 articles were found, and after going through titles, 77 articles were chosen for checking abstracts. Finally, only 12 manuscripts were accepted for data extraction. Conclusion: It is essential for health care involved in space travel providers to help pre-emptively identify problems that may prevent severe consequences during a microgravity environment. Sleep and circadian factors are the fundamental issues of human fatigue, and aviation schedules significantly impact both. We should admire a computerized fatigue model for having a better approach to studying the impact of scheduling.
「生態溝通」之探索-以印尼的災害應對處置為例
Authors: Hermin Indah Wahyun Hermin Indah Wahyun
Published: October 2021

本文運用生態溝通的觀點(ecological communication perspective)，來描述印尼作為一個經常遭受自然災害的國家，是如何應對和討論災害問題。從這個觀點看，災難的解決被認為與現代社會立基於的社會系統是分不了關係的。通過溝通可以檢測到共同體如何應對他們面臨的各種物理威脅。在印尼，本文描述了關於災害的不斷演變的溝通過程以及對災害應對的演變特徵。我們將發現，溝通上在多大程度上鼓勵決策者來制定戰略政策，及優先考慮備災工作。

 為實現這一目標，本文將探討生態溝通的兩個向度：實質性和實行操作性。從實質上講，它將回顧社會學家尼克拉斯·盧曼發展起來的生態溝通的獨特性，強調溝通的社會學面向。而實行操作上，它將運用生態溝通的分析工具，描述在災害中發展出何種類型的溝通類型，這種溝通仍然都是關於災前的威脅、受災區災難時的情況發展資訊和災難後的災區訊息，包括印尼所有有關的災害案件為例子。目前所選定的災前案例：蘇拉威西中部莫羅瓦利的海嘯威脅；持續的災害案例：中爪哇塞馬朗的潮汐洪水和蘇門答臘省佩坎巴魯的霧霾；災後案例：2004年印度洋海嘯。實質性的探索發現，生態溝通提供了一個領悟性的概念(comprehensive concept)鼓勵批判性討論也提供另種理解災難的方案。盧曼的""自我檢視""原則描述了一個社會系統的自我參照和自我分化的過程，而這種社會系統獨特地是根據人們的溝通方式而成。在實行層面上，生態溝通應允許同時考慮減災和適應災害。

 

This article applies an ecological communication perspective to describe how Indonesia, as a country that often experiences natural disasters, responds and discusses disaster issues. Within this perspective, the solution to disaster is assumed to be integrally related to the social system of modern society based on communication. Through communication, it can be detected how the community responds to the various physical threats they face. In the context of Indonesia, this article describes the evolving communication process regarding disasters and the evolutionary characteristics of disaster response. It will be detected to what extent the communication developed has encouraged policymakers to make strategic policies that prioritize disaster preparedness.

 To achieve this goal, this article will explore two dimensions of ecological communication: substantive and practical. Substantively, it will review the uniqueness of ecological communication developed by the sociologist Niklas Luhmann, which emphasizes the sociological dimension of communication. Practically, it will apply the analysis tools of ecological communication to describe what type of communication develops in the character of a disaster that is still a threat (pre-disaster), communication developed in a disaster-affected area, and communication in a disaster-affected area post-disaster cases. Indonesia has all the disaster cases in question. Selected pre-disaster cases: tsunami threat in Morowali, Central Sulawesi; ongoing disaster cases: tidal flooding in Semarang, Central Java, and haze in Pekanbaru, Sumatra; post-disaster case: Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004). Substantive exploration finds that ecological communication offers a comprehensive concept that encourages critical discussion and offers alternative understandings of disasters. Luhmann’s principle of ""autopoiesis"" describes the process of self-reference and self-differentiation of a social system that is unique depending on the way people communicate. On a practical level, Ecological communication should allow simultaneous consideration of disaster mitigation and disaster adaptation.

 
“The President was at Scarborough & not any Member attended”: Reading the Sociable Practices of the Wisbech Literary Society, 1797–1802
Authors: Spunaugle Emily D.
Published: October 2021

This article reads the meeting minutes for trends in the approvals and rejections of books, policies, and informal practices of the Wisbech Literary Society of Wisbech, Cambs, from 1797 to 1802. I demonstrate how the Society encouraged sociability amid the influence exerted by founder and longtime president Mann Hutchesson. This article reviews the literature of the associational practices of other subscription libraries in eighteenth-century England and the limitations of reading catalogues and borrowing records alone; introduces Mann Hutchesson and the founding of the Wisbech Literary Society; reads the Society's meeting minutes for the tacit and explicit sociable behaviors expected of members; and explores the members' generic coherence in their selection of travel writing through Mann Hutchesson. This article brings to light not only the internal dynamics of sociability within a Georgian subscription library, but also gestures to how such societies saw themselves in network with others.
2020 Year of the nurse: COVID-19 highlights nurses’ use of digital health technology is a legitimate nursing function
Authors: Mather Carey A , Tori Kathleen
Published: October 2021

Opinion article: See primary manuscript file.
Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Physical Activity and Lifestyle of Medical Students of University of Lahore
Authors: Quraishi Khadija Ghafoor , Raza Mian Ali , Waris Sadaf , Tanveer Fahad , Ahmad Ashfaq
Published: October 2021

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has become a foremost health concern, many countries have ordered lockdown to stop the spread of COVID-19 due to which many Universities are closed and students are taking lectures online, Pakistan is also one of the countries in which lockdown was imposed, the aim of this study is to examine the level of physical activity and lifestyle of medical students from University of Lahore (UoL) during COVID-19. Aim: To determine the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on the physical activity and lifestyle of medical students of University of Lahore. Materials: Sample size included 151 medical students from the University of Lahore, study was pure cross-sectional and convenient sampling technique was used, data was collected through online questionnaire which contained question from IPAQ-SF to estimate the physical activity and lifestyle of observed University students. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: The results showed that from the population of 151 medical students of University of Lahore 75 students (49.7%) reported Low level of physical activity, while 44 students (29.1%) students reported Moderate level of physical activity, and 32 students (21.2%) reported high level of physical activity. Conclusion: Majority of the medical students showed Low level of physical activity, 49.7% in the last 7 days during COVID-19 pandemic. Medical students of University of Lahore showed a decrease in their overall physical activity level. Keywords: COVID-19, lockdown, Medical students, Physical activity
Evaluation of Glottic Visualization and Ease of Intubation at Induction of General Anesthesia
Authors: Rehman Abaid-Ur- , Azam Muhammad , Khan Zeeshan , Nadeem Amjad , Farooq Umer , Khaleeq Saadia
Published: October 2021

Aim: To compare the frequency of better glottic visualization and ease of tracheal intubation in Macintosh versus McCoy blades. Study design: An observational analytical study. Settings: Department of Anesthesia, Lahore Medical and Dental College/Ghurki trust teaching hospital, Lahore. Study duration: Six months (2nd September 2017 to 1st March 2018) Methods: After approval from research, education and clinical audit department, we selected 60 patients for elective procedures under general anesthesia of age ranges from 20-40 years including both males and females. Patients were randomized by lottery method into two groups I & II. Laryngoscopy was performed with McCoy in group I and with Macintosh in group II and the best possible view of the glottis was obtained. After achieving best possible glottis view of each patient, vocal cord visualization was determined according to Grade-I to IV. Ease of tracheal intubation was also noted. Results: The demographic data was comparable in both groups. In this study, we have found better glottic visualization in 60.0% of patients with Macintosh blade (group II) and with McCoy blade (group I), it was 83.33% (p-value = 0.045). Ease of intubation was 73.33% with Macintosh blade (group II) and with McCoy blade (group I), it was 93.33% (p-value = 0.038). Conclusion: We concluded that frequency of better glottic visualization and ease of tracheal intubation with McCoy blade is higher as compared to Macintosh blade. Keywords: Endotracheal intubation, Glottic visualization, McCoy blades, Macintosh blades.
The Effectiveness of Online Learning for the Cognitive Domain of Course Learning Outcomes from Students' Point of View
Authors: Humayun Muhammad , Khalid Ambreen , Syed Asmara , Elmorsy Ekramy , Arshad Anam , Humayun M. Daniyal , Shah S. Sajid Hussain
Published: October 2021

Aim: To explore the students' opinion about the learning of the cognitive domain of the course learning outcomes studied through online learning methodology. Methods: A structured questionnaire containing eleven questions regarding the cognitive domain of course learning outcomes has been distributed among the willing participants who are studying in the college of medicine. The completely filled questionnaires were evaluated. Results: Two hundreds and one (201) completely filled questionnaire were received from the medical students which included one hundred and fifteen (115) female students (57.2%) and 86 male students (42.8%). The main benefits of the online learning in the opinion of the students are that the Online teaching enhanced their capability to search for the other available teaching material on the internet, helped them in learning independently and reduced their preparation time along with travelling fatigue. The opinion expressed by the students regarding the understanding of difficult concepts is that it is better in face to face classes as compared to online lecture. Conclusion: The Online learning is an effective teaching technique in the current digital era but with some limitations as students feel difficulty in understanding the difficult concepts in medicine through online learning. Keywords: Online Learning, Cognitive Domain. Learning Outcome
Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Medical Students, interns and residents in Pakistan
Authors: Arif Anum , Iram Minahil , Nofal Sabih , Sohail Aima , Riaz Bismah , Ahmed Sabeeh
Published: October 2021

Aim: To assess prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress in medical students, interns and residents in Pakistan Study design: Cross-sectional Survey (Questionnaire) based study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital Lahore Medical College from March 2020 to May 2020. Results: 104 participants were included in the study. There was female predominance 58(55.8%), and the mean age was 23.55±1.42. The overall mean score of depression and anxiety was 21.2±12.67 and 15.7±10.67 respectively and most prevalent in third and fourth-year residents. The mean stress score was 13.7, 10. 27. Twenty-eight (26.9%) of the overall participants had extremely severe depression, 36 (34.6 %) had extremely severe anxiety and 13(12.5%) had severe stress. Conclusion: Multiple factors have been found to contribute to the poor mental health of health care workers, including financial trouble, sleep deprivation, abuse from colleagues, high expectations, female gender, broken relationships, and substance misuse. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in common in medical students. This calls for the development of strategies, workshops, and programs to identify modifiable stressors, encourage students to reach out to their family members and their teachers to verbalize their issues, and make psychiatric consultation accessible to them. Keywords: Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Medical, Mental Health Problem Solving, Psychological Distress,
Frequency of Common Histopathological Findings among Patients Having Endometrial Thickness ≥5mm
Authors: Sharif Sadia , Sajjad Ayesha , Kazi Amna , Masood Ayesha , Javaid Nazish
Published: October 2021

Aim: To determine the frequency of common histopathological findings among patients having endometrial thickness >5mm and having atypical bleeding of uterus. Study design: Descriptive and cross sectional study Study settings: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Kishwer Fazal Teaching Hospital, Sheikhupura from 1st October 2020 to 31st March 2021. Methodology: One hundred and twenty patients were enrolled. Patients were aged between 45 to 60 years. Patient’s detailed demographics including age, parity, socioeconomic grade and body mass index were recorded post written informed consentreceival. Patients having endometrial thickness >5mm with abnormal uterine bleeding were included in this study.All the patients were undergone for transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS). Outcomes were histopathological findings observed. Results: The patients mean age was found to be 51.16±4.88 years with mean body mass index 27.24±4.63 kg/m2. Thirty five (29.2%) patients had parity I and 85 (70.8%) patients had parity II. Forty two (35%) patients had high socioeconomic status and 78(65%) were from low socio economic status. Majority of the patients 80(66.7%) were from rural areas. Secretory and proliferative were the most common histopathological findings found in (45.83% and 26.7%) patients. Frequency of endometrial carcinoma was found among 97(80.8%) cases. Conclusion: The most common histopathological findings were secretory and proliferative and frequency of endometrial carcinoma was too high. Endometrial anomalies can be excluded by transvaginal ultrasonography and is strongly useful in the evaluation of abnormal bleeding from the uterine. Keywords: Endometrial, Transvaginal ultrasonography, Uterine bleeding
Dataizm: Varlığın Veri Olarak Tasavvuru
Authors: BAŞARSLAN Burhan
Published: October 2021

Çağların değişmesiyle birlikte insan varlığa dair tasavvurlarını değiştirmiştir. Bu tasavvurların birçok farklı dönemde farklı şekillerde açığa çıktığını görmekteyiz. Varlık tasavvuru insanın varlık ile kurduğu ilişkileri, eylemlerini, düşüncelerini ve inançlarını şekillendirerek insanın varlık karşısındaki konumunu belirler. Bu noktada dinlerin, düşünce sistemlerinin ve kültürel geleneklerin farklı varlık tasavvurları ile insanın alem ile olan ilişkisini düzenleme yönünde öğretilere sahip olduğunu görmekteyiz. Bu öğretilerin insan-varlık ilişkisini düzenleyen ahlaki, siyasi, sosyal, dini, epistemolojik ve kültürel boyutları vardır. İnsanın varlığa dair tasavvuru onun gelecekte elde etmek istediği konumla da doğrudan alakalıdır. İnsan tarih boyunca aklının ona sunduğu imkanlar nispetinde kendi dışındaki varlığı bilgi ile kayıt altına alarak onu kontrol etmeye ve tüketmeye dönük çabaların içinde kendini bulmuştur. Yine bu çabaların içinde insan günümüze gelindiğinde eski alışkanlıklarını devam ettirmekte ve kendi türünü bir adım ileriye taşımak maksadıyla varlığa ilişkin yeni bir tasavvurun öğretilediği şekilde varlık ile olan ilişkisini tanzim etmektedir. Veri çağında insanın varlık ile olan ilişkisinde varlığın veri olarak tasavvur edilmesi birçok yeni teknolojik atılımın önünü açmaktadır. Varlığın veri olarak tasavvuru özellikle ahlaki, epistemolojik ve sosyal anlamda insanın yeni ilişkiler kurmasını ve yeni edimlerde bulunmasını adeta öğretilemektedir. İnsanın ilişki ağlarını çeşitlendirip geliştirerek ürettiği veriler onun geleceğini şekillendirici rol oynayacaktır.
HADIS TENTANG JUAL BELI DAN RIBA: IMPLEMENTASI PADA SISTEM KREDIT
Authors: Rasidin Mhd , Arzam Arzam , Zufriani Zufriani , Witro Doli
Published: October 2021

Tulisan ini membahas mengenai jual beli kredit yang berpotensi mengandung riba. Jual beli kredit tersebut ditelaah dari perspektif hadis tentang jual beli dan hadis tentang riba. Tulisan ini bertujuan menyoroti jual beli kredit yang dibolehkan dan tidak dibolehkan yang berangkat dari hadis-hadis tentang jual beli dan riba. Dengan melihat jual beli kredit seperti apa yang dibolehkan dalam Islam, maka diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman kepada khalayak masyarakat yang melakukan transaksi jual beli kredit. Artikel ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat pustaka. Bahan-bahan dalam penelitian ini diambil dari bahan pustaka seperti buku dan artikel ilmiah yang diterbitkan di jurnal yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang dibahas yaitu tentang implementasi hadis-hadis jual beli dan riba pada sistem kredit. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan mendapatkan keuntungan lebih dari harga normal dalam jual beli kredit, merupakan sesuatu hal yang logis, karena pada jual beli kredit ini sejatinya memberikan kemudahan bagi seluruh manusia terkhusus umat Islam ketika sedang membutuhkan sesuatu benda atau barang, namun belum mampu membelinya secara tunai sehingga menempuh jual beli secara kredit sebagai jalan alternatif.
Spatial Structure and Chronological Development of the Prehistoric Salt-production Complex of Provadia-Solnitsata
Authors: Nikolov Vassil
Published: October 2021

The prehistoric complex of Provadia-Solnitsata is located close to the modern-day town of Provadia in Northeastern Bulgaria. The remains represent the oldest salt-production site in Europe (5600 – 4350 BC) from which emerged the earliest prehistoric urban settlement on the continent (4700 – 4350 BC). The complex occupies an area of approximately 30 hectares. The emergence and development of the site were closely related to the largest and in fact the only rocksalt deposit in the Eastern Balkans, the so-called Mirovo salt deposit on which the settlement sits. Salt production on the site was based on the brine (thick saline water) that flowed out of this salt deposit. Brine boiling in ceramic pots at Provadia-Solnitsata is the earliest example on record in Europe for the use of this technology in salt production. It was practiced on this site for longer than one millennium. The heat needed for the process was generated in advance in a special installation or alternatively, was directly provided by an open fire, in both cases by burning firewood. At the end of the Chalcolithic, a change of technology had to be introduced – the water from the brine was then evaporated in a large ‘basin’ by using heat from solar radiation. The development of the five parts of the complex is presented: the tell with deposits from the Late Neolithic and the Chalcolithic, a cemetery from the Early Bronze Age, a Thracian ‘ruler’s residence’ from the 2nd – 1st centuries BC and a very large tumulus on top; a salt-production center from the Late Neolithic and the Chalcolithic together with ritual facilities from that time; a Late Neolithic pit sanctuary and a cemetery from the Middle Chalcolithic over it; a pit sanctuary from the Late Chalcolithic; a cemetery from the Late Chalcolithic.
The Bitter End of the New Slavic Movement, 1947 – 1948
Authors: Petrov Biser
Published: October 2021

The article examines the activities of the established at the end of 1946 Pan-Slavic Committee in Belgrade which, however, lasted only a year and a half. The Committee was created with the intention of being the centralized and ruling body of the Kremlin-born Slavic Movement after June 22, 1941. The emergence of the Committee came at a time when relations between the partners of the Anti- Axis Coalition had begun to deteriorate, and this circumstance inevitably made a direct impact on the tasks it was assigned. After the final bloc division of Europe and the Tito – Stalin split, the very existence of the Pan-Slavic Committee became meaningless, since the political exploitation of the idea of Slavic unity no longer fitted into the new realities and this resulted in its abolishment in the mid of 1948.
The Operations of 16th Border Battalion during First World War
Authors: Stanchev Ivan
Published: October 2021

The article reviews military missions of 16th border battalion during First World War. It starts in the 1916 in Dobrudja, then during the period 1916 – 1917 conducts operations in Romania and in 1918 at Macedonian front. In two years, in campaigns and battles, the company traveled over 2000 km. There is no other border formation with such a long battle route. The various geographical conditions for conducting the combat operations, the different enemies and combat tasks require the battalion to use various tactical options, which is not typical for the regular military formations. A unique combat experience has been gained that has not been studied for more than 100 years.
How to Quantify the Dynamics of Revolutions, Riots and Protests? The Analysis of Collective Events
Authors: Dinev Ivaylo
Published: October 2021

The article presents one of the traditional methods in the social sciences for the research and explanation of long-term historical processes such as revolutions, riots, uprisings, protest cycles and waves – the analysis of the collective events. The steps in collecting and coding a quantitative database, the types of sources, procedures, techniques and potential biases are discussed. The application of the method in historical science is illustrated by Sidney Tarow's study of the protest cycle in Italy in the 1960s and 1970s. The end of the article contains some of the most popular publicly available databases for collective mobilizations in different historical periods and describes possible directions for historical research.
John Theophilus Desaguliers
Authors: Soares Luiz Carlos
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo, procuraremos focalizar a trajetória intelectual de John Theophilus Desaguliers, que foi “Curador” ou “Experimentador Oficial” da Royal Society de Londres e se tornou um pioneiro na divulgação do Newtonianismo e um dos maiores e mais respeitados Professores Independentes de Filosofia Mecânica e Experimental da Inglaterra, na primeira metade do século XVIII. Sua trajetória pessoal refletia, de certo modo, a encruzilhada da própria Ciência Moderna, e de muitos que a ela se dedicavam, que era estar no meio de um processo de transição de uma sociedade aristocrática, baseada em valores nobiliárquicos e nas relações de patronagem, para uma nova sociedade capitalista produtora e consumidora de bens materiais e culturais que assumiam, cada vez mais, o caráter de mercadorias.
Aceptación a cruzar vacunas entre periodistas y no periodistas esperando segunda dosis de Sputnik V
Authors: Thiebaud Cristina M. , Barahona Fidel , Rodríguez Gaspar , Pineda Gracia M. , Ramírez Céleo , Herrera-Paz Edwin F. , Portillo Vásquez Silvia , Durón Reyna M.
Published: October 2021

Introducción. En julio 2021, había alrededor de 40,000 hondureños pendientes de la segunda dosis de la vacuna anticovid Sputnik V, por lo que se propuso ofrecerles cruce de vacuna. El grupo también incluía al personal de medios de comunicación. Este sondeo de opinión evaluó la aceptación y otras percepciones sobre el cruce en este grupo.  Métodos. Se realizó una encuesta rápida al personal de medios de comunicación y a población general especialmente adultos mayores en espera de la segunda dosis. Resultados. Se obtuvo respuestas de 146 personas entre 21 a 95 años; 7 (4.8%) ya se habían aplicado la segunda dosis y 5 (3.4%) ya había hecho algún cruce con otra vacuna. Del resto (134 personas), 35.8% (n=48) era personal de medios de comunicación, especialmente reporteros o presentadores en radio y televisión. El 67.9% de todos los participantes manifestó preocupación, pero prefería esperar la llegada de la misma marca de vacuna. El 29.8% opinó que las vacunas anticovid se pueden combinar, pero solamente 14.9% estaba dispuesto a aceptar un cruce personalmente. El 79.1% afirmó saber poco o nada de las bases científicas sobre dichos cruces de vacunas, sin diferencias entre periodistas y no periodistas. La mitad dijo mantener una bioseguridad en rango bueno y la otra mitad en rango excelente. Conclusión. Se encontró poca aceptación al cruce de vacunas, especialmente si se tratara de hacerlo personalmente. Se evidenció la necesidad de más información científica sobre el tema, especialmente entre el personal de medios de comunicación.
Thermal map of Honduras according to the Energy Observatory of UNITEC
Authors: Barahona Gustavo , Flores Wilfredo C. , Pineda Gracia M.
Published: October 2021

Thermal map of Honduras built with images from the Landsat 8 satellite. It shows the possible geothermal potential sites in Honduras and their status. This observatory is the first platform of its kind available in the country, established to fill the gap in the access to energy data within the country by providing open access information related to energy industry. It uses information from multiple national and international data sources and combines 17 tabs in interactive dashboards showing statistics, measures, rates, weather data, satellite measures, wave energy potential and other data related to real time energy data. Available in t.ly/lq4W.
Factores internos que provocaron la salida de Estados Unidos del Plan de Acción Integral Conjunto
Authors: Bonilla Karla , Segebre Zaghmout Isabella , Padilla Alejandra , Pereira Gerard
Published: October 2021

Introducción. El Plan de Acción Integral Conjunto (PAIC) se creó el 14 de julio de 2015 durante las administraciones de Barack Obama y Hassan Rohaní. Este plan serviría para negociar el programa nuclear iraní. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica fue analizar las causas que motivaron a Estados Unidos (EE.UU.) a retirarse del PAIC. Métodos. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica mediante el análisis de documentos, artículos científicos, noticias y tesis sobre el PAIC. Desarrollo. Los hallazgos incluyeron los principales factores económicos, políticos y sociales que provocaron la retirada de EE. UU. del PAIC. Entre los factores económicos se resaltó la imposición de sanciones económicas y el crecimiento de la industria armamentística estadounidense. Los sociales consideraron la postura de los partidos políticos y los grupos de interés, mientras que los factores políticos incluyeron el unilateralismo y las tensas relaciones entre EE.UU. e Irán. Conclusión. La administración Trump ejecutó una política exterior que se rigió por su ideología nacionalista radical bajo el lema Make America Great Again (MAGA) e intereses políticos. Los factores sociales, económicos y políticos fueron los que impulsaron a EE.UU. a retirarse del PAIC. Estos factores se determinaron mediante los supuestos del realismo neoclásico.
Methodologies in medical education. Virtual expert panel in Honduras during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Thiebaud Cristina M. , Bock Alvarado Skarleth Paola , Medina Guillen Mónica Fernanda , Martínez-Martínez Carlos A. , Alvarado Cortés Juan Daniel , Suazo Villalobos Daniel Alberto , Solano Velásquez Jhiamluka Zservando
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The prevailing education model in Honduras is a teacher-centered one, where the main thrusts are the teacher and the lesson plans. This, along with the slow evaluation process and little improvement of the curriculum design of degrees in the healthcare sector poses a challenge in the enactment of new education methods. This article documents an expert panel which was comprised of deans from the different Medical Schools of the country where Continuing Medical Education (CME) and its educational methodologies were discussed. Presentation of experience. The Asociación de Educación Médica Hondureña carried out an expert panel through an updated approach of CME to discuss Medical Education (ME) methodologies widely used internationally: problem-based learning, reflective practice, formative assessment and self-regulated learning. Discussion. The knowledge gap between new methodologies and traditional ones in ME represents a challenge that CME can address through the use of effective pedagogical approaches in the development and execution of these types of activities. Conclusion. The use of updated methodologies in ME not only improves student training during undergraduate and postgraduate studies, but its CME. ME in Honduras is limited by economic factors, training, physical space and its acceptance by teachers and students. A sustained and systematic effort is necessary by all parties involved in teaching.
Importancia de la normatividad y gestión hospitalaria para bloques quirúrgicos en Honduras
Authors: Vargas Andrea , Martínez Tejeda Nelson Joaquín
Published: October 2021

Un hospital es un establecimiento destinado a proveer asistencia médica a los pacientes, desde un diagnóstico hasta una intervención quirúrgica. Dicho lugar cuenta con diferentes unidades que deben satisfacer los servicios relacionados a su funcionamiento. El bloque quirúrgico (BQ) es un área vital en un hospital, dentro del bloque se realizan procedimientos quirúrgicos y se agrupan las áreas de apoyo en consonancia con las instalaciones y equipamiento necesario para su funcionamiento. Según la Secretaría de Salud de Honduras, se realizan alrededor de 100 cirugías por semana en el Hospital Leonardo Martínez de San Pedro Sula. Uno de los riesgos más críticos dentro del BQ es la exposición a enfermedades nosocomiales, las cuales son enfermedades que se contraen dentro del hospital y generalmente se caracterizan por su alta resistencia a los antibióticos y agentes de desinfección. Además de las enfermedades nosocomiales, existe un riesgo por gases explosivos como el oxígeno, que va de la mano con el riesgo eléctrico que se da por el uso del equipo.