bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The environmental regulation of mining: legal foundations
Authors: Vasylchenko O , Lotiuk O , Yevstihnieiev A , Basalaieva A , Kustova S
Published: June 2021

Purpose. To enhance the quality of Ukrainian legislation by improving the legal framework of public administration in the field of environmental regulation of mining in Ukraine. Methodology. The authors used comparative and legal, historical, systemic, structural and functional, formal and logical, and dialectical research methods. The need to use an integrated research method is emphasized. Findings. The authors investigated two problems actualized by the so-called Adani Syndrome: 1. The criteria for assessing the impact on the environment and their legal force. 2. The legal framework governing the rights of the owner, the state and the public. The above problems were studied in comparison with the legal support of environmental regulation of mining in Ukraine. Originality. The experience of environmental regulation of mining in Australia is analyzed on the example of the conflict over the Carmichael mine project, resulting in disclosing the current state of Ukrainian legislation in this area. The directions of improving the legal foundations of public administration in the field of environmental regulation of mining in Ukraine have been brought up for discussion. Practical value. The use of the obtained results will make it possible to eliminate the difference between the legal support of environmental regulation of mining in developed and developing countries. The proposals have been formulated to improve the legal regulation in the area under study in terms of detailing the powers of individual governing bodies of special competence, as well as in terms of procedures for assessing the environmental impact. The formulated proposals can help to strengthen the effectiveness of the legislation in power.
Communications and informatization service enterprises’ compatibility and integration feasibility assessment
Authors: Maslii N , Zakharchenko N , Ksy M , Jasiul R , Wolanin M
Published: June 2021

Purpose. Development and scientific substantiation of the methodological approach and the expediency of communications and informatization service enterprises integration and compatibility at association, thus elaborating practical recommendations for that methodological approach application. Methodology. A combination of integral assessment methods, computational and constructive method, structural-logical and qualitative system analysis and synthesis methods was used in this study. Findings. As a result of introducing the methodological approach, the calculation is suggested of communications and informatization service enterprises adaptivity indicators to interoperate with other enterprises within the integrated system frame, which indicate the need for the chosen enterprises integration. These indicators reflect the presence of their reciprocal production, technological and personnel links, i.e. the enterprises tendency to integrate. The choice of expectedly integrable enterprises cannot be random. Therefore, to justify economic feasibility of the integration it is necessary to calculate the compatibility indicators. Originality. The proposed scientific and methodological approach gives the possibility of identifying the most favorable preconditions for the establishment of communications and informatization enterprises integrated activity form in a particular economic region. In contrast to the existing ones, this approach involves the following stages: 1.Assessment of influence rendered by the communications and informatization enterprises integration form of activity factors taking into account the development peculiarities of that economic region where the integration system is located. 2. Analysis of financial condition of communications and informatization enterprises integrated to the system. 3. Evaluation of efficiency of resource use at the integrated systems communications and informatization enterprises in order to identify savings or excessive spending as to the particular type of resources. 4. Analysis of communications and informatization enterprises compatibility with other enterprises making part to the integrated system. Practical value. The study results can be used by scientists and practitioners in the field of communications and information service enterprise management to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of these enterprises integration, depending on the motives and goals of integration, as well as to determine the compatibility potential of enterprises making part to the integration structures.
Strategy of innovative development of an enterprise on the basis of ­evaluation of its intellectual capital
Authors: Korytko T , Bryl I , Piletska S , Arefieva O , Arefiev S
Published: June 2021

Purpose. Improvement of strategy of industrial enterprises innovative development on the basis of an estimation of the enterprises intellectual capital and development of the stages of a choice of strategy using hierarchy analysis method. Methodology. The study used a set of general and special methods of cognition: content analysis, logical generalization, quantitative and qualitative comparison, the method of principal components, and systematization. Findings. The suggested assessment of intellectual capital of the enterprise and the methodological approach to the formation and selection of strategies for innovative development in terms of its digitalization allows analyzing quantitative indicators of structural elements of intellectual capital and determining the state and level of development of each element. This makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the formation and implementation of the strategy of innovative development of the enterprise. Originality. In the course of the research, the algorithm of integrated estimation of intellectual capital of industrial enterprises has been developed. It allowed assessing the level of intellectual capital, stages of formation of innovative development strategy, which act as an information-analytical tool for the development of options for strategic development of industrial enterprises. Amodel for implementing an innovative strategy for the development of industrial enterprises provides a choice of innovative strategy for the development of industrial enterprises. The method of analysis of hierarchies allowed identifying the most receptive innovation strategies to industrial enterprises. Practical value. The results of the study can be used by practitioners, scientists, civil servants (Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture and its structural units, local governments in the field of economics) to develop and implement innovation strategies, as well as to develop measures to promote sustainable development in the area of innovation, increasing its intellectual capital, value added, capitalization and level of competitiveness.
Formation of institutional model of project financing in Ukraine
Authors: Zvieriakov M.I , Zavadska D.V
Published: June 2021

Purpose. Substantiation of the formation of the mechanism of project financing for solving issues of financial maintenance of infrastructural projects of innovative development in Ukraine. Methodology. The information base of the research is legislative and normative documents and results of scientific achievements of leading foreign and domestic scientists. The following methods, such as analysis and synthesis; comparison and systematization; observation; graphic, tabular; logical generalization are used. Findings. According to the results of the research, it is proved that to ensure sustainable economic growth and diversification of Ukraines economy, the importance of institutions for development and use of such a multi-instrumental form of reproduction of real investments as project financing, becomes actual. Based on the system approach, the features, elemental composition and subsystems of the project financing mechanism are determined. It is established that the current legislative basis for the formation of the project financing mechanism in Ukraine is fragmentary and needs further development. It is proved that the implementation of measures of state stimulation of the processes of financing the innovative development of Ukraines economy will be facilitated by the adoption of the Laws of Ukraine On The Bank of Development, On Syndicated Loan and the proposals for the formation of project financing developed in the research. Originality. For the first time, a comprehensive theoretical approach to the formation of the project financing mechanism in Ukraine has been implemented. The need is substantiated for highlighting such subsystems of the mechanism as providing subsystem (institutional environment of which is legislative support and regulatory bodies), transforming subsystem (financial instruments and participants of which are the Bank of Development, international financial organizations, banks, institutional investors, development institutions, project sponsors) and performance subsystem (financial resources in the required amounts, currencies and terms). The effective operation of the proposed mechanism helps to overcome the shortage of long-term financial resources needed for lending support of innovative enterprises that implement large-scale and capital-intensive investment projects and programs of national importance. Practical value. Introduction of the mechanism of implementation of the program for supporting the project financing development will allow accumulating considerable amounts of financial resources from various sources on a long-term target basis; increasing the level of investment and the number of innovative projects; reducing the total cost of funding and risks through their redistribution among participants of the project.
RECOGNITION AND INTERPRETATION
OF THE SPATIAL IRREGULARITIES IONOSPHERE
FOR FEBRUARY – MARCH 2010 OVER THE SEISMIC ZONES
OF SOUTH AMERICA BY RADIOPHYSICAL METHODS
Authors: M. Titova A. , Zakharov V. I. , Pulinets S. A.
Published: June 2021

The ionospheric disturbances detected during large-scale earthquakes occurred of early 2010 in South America on the base the analysis of data GPS-observations are considered. The complex analysis of the ground-based stations data integrated into the international IGS and UNAVCO networks was carried out the selected region. Extensive spatial-time measurements statistics of more than 10 million phase data were processed. Stable estimates of distributions are obtained for ionospheric plasma perturbation parameters. The relative contribution of acoustic-gravity waves to the ionospheric disturbances formation during the large earthquakes preparation is investigated.
STUDY OF PHASED ARRAYS OF SLOTTED WAVEGUIDE ANTENNAS WITH DIELECTRIC FILLING
Authors: Pelevin A. O. , Lerer A. M. , Zargano G. F.
Published: June 2021

The article describes the computer simulation of phased antenna arrays consisting of slotted waveguide antennas with air and dielectric filling. It is shown that inser-tion of a thin dielectric layer shifts the operating frequency range of phased anten-na arrays by 1 GHz or more down in frequency while maintaining directional char-acteristics.
A distance education experience on assessment of airway maneuvers during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Oktay M Murat , Boğan Mustafa , Sabak Mustafa , Gümüşboğa Hasan , Bilir İbrahim , Demir Mehmet Cihat , Narcı Hüseyin
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated the switch to distance education by abandoning face-to-face education worldwide. This study aimed to investigate whether it is possible for practical education and performance measurements through distance education.

Methods: The application video and the application steps were sent to the participants through their smartphone by WhatsApp messenger. Grade 1 students in the Physiotherapy Section (Group A) and Grade 1 students in the Paramedic Section (Group B) voluntarily participated in the study. The participants were asked to apply simulation applications and record the simulation applications' video clips with their smartphones.

Results: The mean age of the 123 participants was 20.11 ± 2.03 (18-33) years, and 56 (45.5%) were in Group A, and 67 (54.5%) were in Group B. While the participants in Group A were successful at a rate of 35.7% (n = 20) in the head tilt-chin lift maneuver, this rate was 65.7% (n = 44) for Group B (p = 0.001). For the jaw thrust maneuver, the success rate was 21.4% (n = 12) for Group A and 31.3% (n = 21) for Group B.

Conclusion: In this study, the participants used family members as a live simulation model in our research. The participants who were given face-to-face education before were more successful on head tilt chin lift maneuver. Jaw thrust maneuver was more challenging to learn and practice by distance education. The academicians interested in medical education should keep in mind that the outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic have permanent effects on education systems.

Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2021; 15(1): 1-8
Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic rural Bangladeshi population
Authors: Rhaman Mir Masudur , Rahman Fahmida , Mazumder Sraboni , Sayeed M Abu , Haq Jalaluddin Ashraful
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection differs in urban and rural population. In our country, no previous study investigated the H. pylori infection in rural population. The aim of the present study was to find out the status of H. pylori infection among the Bangladeshi asymptomatic rural adult population.

Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in a rural area located about 40 km north-east of capital Dhaka. Apparently healthy non-diabetic, pre-diabetic and diabetic adults (18 years and above) were enrolled in this study. A structured questionnaire was developed to record the socio-demographic and clinical information. H. pylori infection status was determined by the presence of anti- H. pylori IgG antibody in blood. Serum anti-H.pylori IgG antibodies were determined by immunochromatographic test (ICT) method.

Results: A total number of 180 apparently healthy adult individuals were enrolled of which 112, 40 and 28 were non-diabetic, pre-diabetic and diabetic respectively. Out of 180 individuals, anti- H. pylori IgG was present in 70 (38.9%, CI: 32.1, 46.2) cases. Infection rate was 50%, 27.5% and 43.5% in 19-30, 31-50 and >50 years age group respectively. Infection rate was significantly (p< 0.05) low in 31-50 years age group compared to 19-30 and > 50 years age groups. H. pylori infection rates in male and female were 42.6% (CI: 29.2, 56.8) and 37.3% (CI: 28.9, 46.4) respectively (p=0.50). There was no significant (p>0.05) association of H. pylori infection with economic status, education level, occupation and tobacco consumption of the study population. The rate of H. pylori infection in non-diabetic, pre-diabetic and diabetic individuals were not significantly different from each other.

Conclusion: The study revealed a low prevalence of H. pylori infection in rural population of Bangladesh. There was no significant association of H. pylori infection with several sociodemographic status and diabetes.

Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2021; 15(1): 41-46
Revisión de literatura: Autocorrelación Espacial - Índices para determinar su existencia en datos geográficos.
Authors: Bravo López Paul Esteban
Published: June 2021

La importancia del espacio radica en que todos los eventos que ocurren en nuestro planeta, están ligados a una ubicación no solo espacial, sino también temporal; es decir, todo ocurre en algún lugar y en algún momento dado. Ante esto, es necesario identificar las propiedades relevantes de estos eventos. Estas propiedades se relacionan tanto con objetos del mundo real como con las relaciones espaciales entre ellos. En el contexto del análisis de datos espaciales, la dependencia espacial en los valores de los atributos se considera como una propiedad fundamental que se determina por la autocorrelación espacial que ha sido estudiada por varios autores, quienes han brindado diferentes definiciones de la misma; sin embargo se puede afirmar que, la autocorrelación espacial existe cuando una variable exhibe un patrón regular sobre el espacio en el que sus valores en un conjunto de ubicaciones dependen de los valores de la misma variable en otras ubicaciones. Cuando la autocorrelación espacial es fuerte, los valores cercanos de una variable están estrechamente relacionados entre sí; pero cuando es débil, o incluso inexistente, los valores de una variable se distribuyen aleatoriamente en el espacio. Existen varios índices formales que miden la autocorrelación espacial a nivel local o global, los cuales son aplicados en diversos ámbitos de estudio y que se describen en la presente revisión de literatura.
Implementation of Franchise Management for Rumah Makan Wong Solo: Islamic Business Ethics Perspective
Authors: Reza Fikri
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine what the form of franchise management is and the obstacles to its implementation in the perspective of Islamic business ethics. Rumah Makan Wong Solo Malang, is a reflection of the successful food and beverage industry. Rumah Makan Wong Solo does food business which according to religious norms is also categorized according to Islamic religious norms. For Muslims, business is in accordance with religious principles, which are always measured by the values contained in the Koran and the Sunnah of the Prophet (Hadith). In Islam, business ethics is called morals. Therefore, doing business must fulfill the moral guidance as stated in the source of Islamic teachings itself.
Asimetri Informasi dalam Praktik Manajemen Laba pada Emiten Perbankan di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi
Published: June 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bahwa ada pengaruh signifikan asimetri informasi akibat praktik manajemen laba pada perusahaan perbankan go public yang terdaftar di BEI. Penelitian ini menggunakan 16 bank sebagai sampel yang terdaftar di BEI sejak tahun 2005 hingga 2007. Asimetri informasi diukur dengan bid-ask spread sebagai variabel independen dan manajemen laba diukur dengan akrual diskresioner sebagai variabel dependen. Pengumpulan data dianalisis dengan regresi linier sederhana dan dihitung dengan menggunakan SPSS 12.0 for windows dan Eviews 4.0, dan setelah dilakukan uji Asumsi klasik, dilakukan uji normalitas dengan uji Statistik Kolmogorof Smirnov, uji heteroskedastisitas dengan uji Golfeld & Quandt dan uji Autokorelasi dengan Durbin -Uji Watson, sedangkan hipotesis diuji dengan uji-t. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: Asimetri Informasi berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap manajemen laba (selama penelitian). Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai ADJSPREAD sebesar 2,329 dengan sig 0,024, sehingga asimetri informasi akan mempengaruhi manajer untuk melakukan manajemen laba.
Defending Deontic Constraints and Prioritarianism: Two Remarks on Tännsjö’s Setting Health-Care Priorities
Authors: Nielsen Lasse
Published: June 2021

Torbjörn Tännsjö has written a clear and thought-provoking book on healthcare priority setting. He argues that different branches of ethical theory—utilitarianism, egalitarianism, and prioritarianism—are in general agreement on real-world healthcare priorities, and that it is human irrationality that stands in the way of complying with their recommendations. While I am generally sympathetic to the overall project and line of argumentation taken by the book, this paper raises two concerns with Tännsjö’s argument. First, that he is wrong to set aside deontic constraints as irrelevant or as pointing in the same direction as consequentialism. Secondly, that his argument against prioritarianism in favor of utilitarianism is insufficient and under-developed. Given these problems, I conclude that we should welcome Tännsjö’s contribution but with these qualifications in mind.
Respon Pertumbuhan Tanaman Junggul (Crassocephalum crepidioides) terhadap Pemberian Berbagai Jenis Pupuk Kandang dan Kosentrasi Boron
Authors: Saniman Saniman , Lestari Mahayu Woro , Sugiarto Sugiarto , Asmaniyah Siti
Published: June 2021

One of the medicinal plants known to the public is the superior plant (crassocephalum crepidioides). This plant is a shrub that grows wild in the tropics and sub-tropics. The aim of the study was to determine the interaction between the type of manure and the concentration of boron and the effect of manure and boron concentration on the growth and quality of crassocephalum crepidioides. The method used is factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). Factor 1 is manure namely Po = No Fertilizer, P1 = Chicken Manure 50 gr/Polybag, P2 = Goat Manure 50 gr/Polybag and P3 = Cow Manure 50 gr/Polybaq. The recommended dosage used is 20 tons / ha. Factor 2 is giving Boron namely Bo = No Boron, B1 = 50 ppm / L, B2 = 100 ppm / L and B3 = 150 ppm/L. Analysis of variance (Test F) with a level of 5% and a follow-up test with Honest Real Difference (BNJ) level of 5%. The results of the type of cow manure (P3) gave a significant effect on the number of branches (8.11 branches), leaf area (1810.08 cm2), and trimmed dry weight of tanman (9.57 g) for cow manure (P3) and ( 6.27 g) for goat manure (P3). The treatment of giving Boron does not show a significant difference in the growth and yield of juntung plants.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KOMPOS LIMBAH PERTANIAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN SERAPAN NITROGEN TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Chasanah Roudhotul , Sholihah Anis , Sugianto Agus
Published: June 2021

Corn is one of the most cultivated cereals that plays an important role in meeting food needs so that the production of corn plants is increasing every year. To increase the production of corn, farmers usually use inorganic fertilizer, but in the long run, the use of inorganic fertilizer is not effective, especially in soil fertility. This study aims to determine the effect of different compost and dosages on growth and N uptake of corn plants and to obtain the optimum dosage of each compost to increase N uptake of corn plants. This research was placed in a plastic house in Losari village, Singosari, Malang with a factorial RAK experimental design with Control, where there were two factors, each factor there were four levels, namely the first factor: P1 = straw compost, P2 = soybean compost, P3 = bean compost soil, and P4 = sugarcane compost, whereas the second factor is D1 = 5 tons / ha, D2 = 10 tons / ha, D3 = 15 tons/ha, and D1 = 20 tons / ha. There are 16 combinations plus control = 17 treatments, 17x 3 replications x 3 samples = 153 experimental units. Data analysis used 5% Anova if it was tested further using a 5% BNJ and to determine the optimum dose regression analysis was performed. The results showed that separately the P3 treatment gave the best results on parameters of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and leaf area. P3 treatment gives the best optimum dosage results on N-total uptake with a determination value of 94.46%; the optimum dose obtained is 11.44 tons/ha. Keywords : Corn, compost, dosage, rice straw, soybean, bean, and sugarecane
Pengaruh Pengaturan Komposisi Media Tanam Organik Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Ubi Jalar ( Ipomoea batatas L.) Dengan Sistem Tabilampot
Authors: Mardiyanto Mohamad Ghufron , Muslikah Siti , Nurhidayati N
Published: June 2021

Sweet potatoes are an alternative source of carbohydrates that have high nutritional content. Development of sweet potato cultivation methods needs to be done to overcome the decrease of productive agricultural land due to land conversion. This study aimed to test the effect of differences in the composition of the growing media on the growth, yield, and quality of sweet potato. This study was a pot experiment using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 7 treatments and 5 replications. The types of treatments tested were P0: 100% soil + inorganic fertilizer; P1: 50% soil + 50% cow manure; P2: soil 50% + vermicompost 50%; P3: soil 50% + biochar rice husk 25%, cow manure 25%, P4: soil 50% + biochar rice husk 25% + vermicompost 25%, P5: soil 50% + cocopeat 25% + cow manure 25%, P6: soil 50% + cocopeat 25% + vermicompost 25%. The research results showed that the composition of the growing medium significantly affected plant growth and yield. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the treatments of P4 and P6 gave the highest growth, while the high yield of fresh weight of tubers per pot were found in the treatments P1, P2, P3, and P4 by 165.59 g, 143.38 g, 171.56 g, and 144.80 g, respectively. The highest number of tubers was found in treatment P6 by 7.66 tubers. The highest yield of dry matter was also found in treatments P1, P2, P3, and P4  by 59.91 g, 51.73 g, 59.02 g, and 48.59 g, respectively. Based on the research results, it can be recommended that the cultivation of sweet potato plants in pots can be carried out using porous growing media in a container that is sufficient and available balanced nutrients for the development of plant tubers.Keywords: Vermicompost, composition of growing media, Sweet Potatoes, Yield, Quality
MINERALISASI NITROGEN KOMPOS CAMPURAN RESIDU KEDELAI DAN JERAMI PADI BERBAGAI KOMPOSISI
Authors: Sholihah Anis , Sugianto Agus , Alawy M. Taqiudin
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the quality of the compost and the amount of nitrogenrelease resulting from mineralization from the compost mixture of soybean residuesand rice straw. The research was conducted in two stages; Stage 1. Making a compostmixture of soybean residue and rice straw with 5 mixed compositions, namely; D1 =100% soybean residue; D2 = 75% soybean residue + 25% rice straw; D3 = 50%soybean residue + 50% rice straw; D4 = 25% soybean residue + 75% rice straw; D5 =100% rice straw. Stage 2.The unwashed incubation experiment aims to determine theamount of nitrogen mineralization from the results of the compost mixture of stage 1 bymeasuring the amount of nitrogen released into the soil, the experiment uses acompletely randomized design (CRD) with the same mixed compost treatment withstage 1 plus 2 comparative treatments, namely control treatment and NPK treatment(D6). The results showed that the mixture of organic matter with different residualqualities of soybean and rice straw gave the same dynamics of N mineralization wherethe cumulative N mineral increased with the increase of soybean residue in the mixtureduring the incubation period (1,2,4 and 8 weeks). Treatment D1 (100% soybeanresidue) showed the highest rate of mineralization and the amount of N released(mineral N) of 0.0602 mg week -1 and 1225.39 mg kg-1, respectively.Keyword : compost, soybean residue, rice straw, mineral N, mineralization
SERAPAN HARA, PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SAWI PAKCOY (Brassica rapa L.) YANG DIBUDIDAYAKAN SECARA ORGANIK DENGAN APLIKASI VERMIKOMPOS
Authors: Rahmawati Nisma Ula Shoumi
Published: June 2021

The quality of vermicompost is determined by the kinds of media materials used, the degree ofmaturity, the worm species used and the manufacturing process. In this study using plantpakkoy pakkoy (Brassica rapa L.). The purpose of this study was to determine the optimumdose of three kinds of vermicompost for N, P and K nutrient uptake and growth response andyield of mustard pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). The research was conducted at Agricultural Land inLandungsari Village, Dau District of Malang Regency with height ± 544 m asl. This research is afield experiment using factorial randomized block design (RAK) with control. Factor 1: VariousVermicompost Materials Factor 2: Application Dose. The resulting data were analyzed variance(ANOVA) with 5% BNJ and 5% Dunnet. Regression analysis was performed to find the optimumdose of vermicompost. The results showed that the growth and production of mustard plantpakcoy using vermicompost showed higher yield compared to control. In the treatment of V2D2(coconut husk + cow dung + leaf litter + rice straw + leftover vegetables with dose of 10 ton ha-1).
NILAI ORGANOLEPTIK DAN PH TELUR ITIK ASIN DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SEREI (Cymbopogon citratus) DAN DAUN BAWANG (Allium fistulosum) PADA LEVEL YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Mardin Alpian , Nurhaedah Nurhaedah , Rustam Rasbawati , Novieta I.D. , Fitriani Fitriani
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan ekstrak serai dan daun bawang terhadap pH dan nilai organoleptik telur itik atau telur asin, Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 taraf perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali  yaitu P0= Kontrol, P1= Penambahan ekstrak serai dan daun bawang 10%, P2= Penambahan ekstrak serai dan daun bawang 20%, dan P3= Penambahan ekstrak serai dan daun bawang 30%. Perlakuan penambahan serai dan daun bawang (Cymbopogon Citratus and Allium fistulosum) berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap nilai organoleptik dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai pH  telur itik asin, Nilai rata rata uji organoleptik telur itik asin yaitu aroma 2,18 – 4,20, rasa 2,19 – 4,27, kemasiran 2,51 – 3,43, dan hedonik 2,22 – 4,36 penambahan serai dan daun bawang terhadap nilai pH pada telur itik asin yaitu 6,23 – 6,47. Penambahan serai dan daun bawang 10% menghasilkan nilai pH yang terbaik.. Disarankan kepada peneliti selanjutnya untuk melakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengetahui lama masa simpan telur asin untuk dikomersialkan pada masyarakat.
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN MIKROPLASTIK PADA BEBEK (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) STUDI KAJIAN TINGKAT PENCEMARAN PLASTIK DI TERNAK UNGGAS AIR
Authors: Cahyo Yustian Dwi , Ummah Nahdlatul , Ikbal Mohammad
Published: June 2021

Sampah plastik merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh bangsa Indonesia saat ini. Bukan hanya karena jumlahnya yang melimpah akan tetapi, akibat yang ditimbulkan berupa pencemaran lingkungan khususnya perairan yang mencakup sungai, danau dan laut. Bebek merupakan salah satu unggas air yang berpotensi pertama kali terkena paparan limbah mikroplastik. Sampai saat ini belum ada penelitian tentang kandungan mikroplastik pada saluran pencernaan bebek. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya kontaminan mikroplastik dan kandungan mikroplastik pada saluran pencernaan unggas air bebek ( Anas platyrhynchos domesticus ) dan menganalisa efek mikroplastik terhadap pola perubahan manajemen pemeliharaan bebek. Metode yang digunakan adalah Metode Survey. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis statistic deskriptif dan t-test untuk memeriksa adanya perbedaan parametric. Pada pengamatan jumlah mikroplastik dilakukan dengan cara ekstraksi komponen biologi menggunakan larutan KOH 10 % pada sampel saluran pencernaan bebek dan pada sampel tanah/pasir menggunakan larutan NaCl pekat. Sampel bebek diambil berdasarkan wilayah pemeliharaannya. Wilayah I (kontrol) adalah wilayah dimana bebek yang dipelihara dengan sistim intensif, Wilayah II bebek dipelihara semi intensif di lingkungan dekat persawahan, Wilayah III Bebek dipelihara di lingkungan padat penduduknya. Hasil dari penelitian ini untuk sampel tanah/pasir  pada wilayah I rata-rata jumlah mikroplastik (partikel/ml) 23,33, wilyah II : 67,78 dan wilayah III : 80. Jumlah rata-rata mikroplastik pada saluran pencernaan bebek (partikel/ bebek) pada wilayah I : 2,7, II : 6,7 dan III : 5,3. Kesimpulan adalah jumlah mikroplastik terbanyak diperoleh pada tanah di wilayah padat penduduknya. Pada kontrol masih ditemukan mikroplastik pada saluran pencernaan bebek.
Entecavir versus tenofovir in patients with chronic hepatitis B: Enemies or partners in the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lee Sung Won , Choi Jonggi , Kim Seung Up , Lim Young-Suk
Published: June 2021

Over the past several decades, entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) have remained the first-line antiviral agents in several international guidelines. These two antiviral agents have shown similar short to intermediateterm efficacy, including virologic, biochemical, serologic, and histologic responses. However, huge controversies regarding the antiviral efficacy of ETV and TDF in preventing the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still exist. In this review, we summarized recent studies that compared the treatment efficacy of ETV and TDF in terms of HCC development.
Nutrient removal in a slow-flowing constructed wetland treating aquaculture effluent
Authors: Dalsgaard J , von Ahnen M , Pedersen PB
Published: June 2021

Danish model trout farms (MTFs) use stream-like constructed wetlands for effluent polishing, and the industry is keen to improve wetland removal efficiency. To facilitate this, we examined longitudinal and seasonal nutrient removals in an MTF wetland with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1.7 d, a free water surface (FWS) area of 7510 m2, and a volume of 6008 m3. Biweekly, 24-h composite water samples were obtained for 1 yr at 6 sampling stations along the wetland. Assuming plug flow conditions, reductions in particulate and dissolved nutrient concentrations were modelled as first-order removal processes, and removal rate constants (k1,A, m d-1) were plotted to reveal seasonal fluctuations. Particulate phosphorus and organic matterk1,Afluctuated more or less randomly through the year, reflecting that particulate nutrient removal predominantly takes place by sedimentation. In contrast, dissolved nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matterk1,Afluctuated seasonally, demonstrating that dissolved nutrient removal relies on biologically mediated processes. Temperature oscillations probably governed the observed seasonal fluctuations in nitrate-Nk1,Aand could be approximated with an Arrhenius temperature coefficient of 1.07. Furthermore, denitrification appeared to be carbon-limited. Incoming dissolved phosphorous and ammonia became incorporated in the natural wetland growth cycle that included periods of net removal and release, resulting in minimal annual net removal. In summary, this study shows that improving nitrate removal in a slow-flowing MTF wetland would require some kind of carbon dosing, while further improving ammonia and phosphorus removal would require a reduction of the amounts of ammonia and dissolved phosphorus entering the wetland.
Randomness of spontaneous activity and information transfer in neurons
Authors: Košťál L , Lánský P
Published: June 2021

The analysis of information coding in neurons requires methods that measure different properties of neuronal signals. In this paper we review the recently proposed measure of randomness and compare it to the coefficient of variation, which is the frequently employed measure of variability of spiking neuronal activity. We focus on the problem of the spontaneous activity of neurons, and we hypothesize that under defined conditions, spontaneous activity is more random than evoked activity. This hypothesis is supported by contrasting variability and randomness obtained from experimental recordings of olfactory receptor neurons in rats.
Coding of communication calls in the subcortical and cortical structures of the auditory system
Authors: Šuta D , Popelář J , Syka J
Published: June 2021

The processing of species-specific communication signals in the auditory system represents an important aspect of animal behavior and is crucial for its social interactions, reproduction, and survival. In this article the neuronal mechanisms underlying the processing of communication signals in the higher centers of the auditory system--inferior colliculus (IC), medial geniculate body (MGB) and auditory cortex (AC)--are reviewed, with particular attention to the guinea pig. The selectivity of neuronal responses for individual calls in these auditory centers in the guinea pig is usually low--most neurons respond to calls as well as to artificial sounds; the coding of complex sounds in the central auditory nuclei is apparently based on the representation of temporal and spectral features of acoustical stimuli in neural networks. Neuronal response patterns in the IC reliably match the sound envelope for calls characterized by one or more short impulses, but do not exactly fit the envelope for long calls. Also, the main spectral peaks are represented by neuronal firing rates in the IC. In comparison to the IC, response patterns in the MGB and AC demonstrate a less precise representation of the sound envelope, especially in the case of longer calls. The spectral representation is worse in the case of low-frequency calls, but not in the case of broad-band calls. The emotional content of the call may influence neuronal responses in the auditory pathway, which can be demonstrated by stimulation with time-reversed calls or by measurements performed under different levels of anesthesia. The investigation of the principles of the neural coding of species-specific vocalizations offers some keys for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying human speech perception.
Theory of change: Don’t Bet Your Life On It
Authors:   Greo
Published: June 2021

Gambling-related harms are increasingly recognised as a significant public health issue in Great Britain. The vast majority of those experiencing gambling harms remain unidentified and without support. Don't Bet Your Life On It (DBYLOI) blends lived experience and clinical expertise to deliver practical safer gambling strategies virtually for players that can be accessed anytime and anywhere to prevent any life from being needlessly affected by gambling-related harm. It is designed to support players at any level of play by providing players with a “seat belt” to prevent harms from occurring, identify early signs of risk, and signpost those experiencing harms to get the help they need. This theory of change visual and narrative considers the inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes necessary to achieve these goals. It can be used by organizations, groups, and individuals in any sector impacted by gambling related harms in Great Britain.
Aturan Main Pada Keselamatan Kerja Ojek Online: Studi Kasus di Pt. Gojek Indonesia Cabang Surabaya
Authors: Salsabila Arini Alfi , Kristina Anita
Published: June 2021

This study analyzes the rules that govern the protection provided by companies both wage protection for the consequences of the magnitude of the risk and protection from the risk of workplace accidents. A qualitative case study approach is used in this research. Data collection through in-depth interviews with informants namely representatives of the management of PT. Gojek Indonesia Surabaya branch and representatives of online motorcycle taxi workers who have worked for at least three months. The results of this study found that companies build and maintain institutional arrangements through rules, both formally and informally (agreements). The wage system is carried out by the driver doing the order service and also a bonus system from the company. Workers also have rights and obligations and the company will provide sanctions and rewards. The company's efforts to reduce the risk of work accidents are also related to the company's commitment through insurance facilities, the company also cooperates with the police regarding the safety of workers and passengers, and also provides welfare programs. The conclusion in this study that the safety of online motorcycle taxi workers is given by the company in the mechanism of institutional rules in the mechanism of work protection.
МОЛОДЕЖЬ КАЛИНИНГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ: РЕПРОДУКТИВНОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ В СТОРИЧЕСКОЙ РЕТРОСПЕКТИВЕ И НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ
Authors: Елена Павловна Зимовина
Published: June 2021

В статье рассматривается репродуктивное поведение молодых людей в возрасте 15-19 лет, проживающих на территории Калининградской области. Источниками информации для автора послужили архивные документы, материалы переписей населения, а также данные текущей статистики на протяжении шестидесяти лет (1959–2019 гг.). На основе статистических показателей продемонстрирован процесс постепенного сокращения удельного веса молодых людей обозначенной возрастной группы в составе населения региона. С одной стороны, это явилось следствием снижения рождаемости на протяжении рассматриваемого периода, с другой стороны, оказало влияние на динамику рождаемости, особенно на современном этапе. Уделено особое внимание показателям рождаемости среди женщин моложе 20 лет. Был сделан вывод о том, что «вклад» самых молодых женщин в воспроизводство населения области претерпел существенные изменения на протяжении шести десятилетий. Во многом это было обусловлено изменением отношения молодых людей к брачному статусу, о чем свидетельствуют показатели увеличения количества внебрачных связей и изменение количества и удельного веса детей, рожденных вне официально зарегистрированного брака. Таким образом, была установлена определенная связь между репродуктивным поведением и семейно-брачными установками молодежи.
The article examines the reproductive behavior of young people aged 15-19 years living in the Kaliningrad region. The work is based on archival documents, censuses data and the statistics covering sixty years (1959-2019). Analysis of statistical indicators suggests gradual reduction in the proportion of young people in the population structure of the region. On the one hand, this is the consequence of the decline in the birth rate during the studied period, on the other hand, it in turn affects the dynamics of the birth rate, especially at the present time. Particular attention is paid to fertility rates among women under 20 years of age. It is concluded that the contribution of the youngest women to the reproduction of the region’s population has changed significantly over six decades. This was largely due to a change in the attitude of young people towards marriage, as evidenced by the increase in the number of extramarital affairs and the change in the number and proportion of children born out of wedlock. Thus, a definite connection was established between reproductive behavior and family and marriage attitudes of young people.
ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ МЕСТНЫХ ВЛАСТЕЙ ПО БОРЬБЕ С ЭПИДЕМИЯМИ ВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ XIX – НАЧАЛЕ XX ВЕКА (на материалах Костромской губернии)*
Authors: Белов Андрей Михайлович , Галинская Оксана Юрьевна
Published: June 2021

После отмены крепостного права приток населения в города, в т.ч. в Кострому, привел к проблемам перенаселенности губернского центра и несоответствия существующей инфраструктуры (жилищной, транспортной, коммунальной) изменившейся численности жителей. Данная ситуация способствовала взрывному росту и распространению в Костроме заразных болезней, в том числе, массовых эпидемий холеры, тифа, оспы, скарлатины, следствием которых стала повышенная смертность среди костромичей, приводящая в некоторые годы к убыли населения губернского города.
В статье на материалах Костромской губернии, прежде всего, губернского центра, рассматривается общая эпидемиологическая обстановка с 70-х гг. XIX века до начала XX века, а также основные направления совместной деятельности губернского правления и городских органов общественного управления по снижению эпидемиологической напряженности и профилактике массовых заболеваний в период капиталистической модернизации. В статье приведены статистические данные по Костромской губернии и губернскому центру, использованы отчеты Медицинского департамента Министерства внутренних дел за указанный период, материалы периодической печати, показана региональная специфика решения возникших проблем, учитывая, что Костромская губерния относилась к числу наиболее развитых промышленных губернии Российской Империи.
After the peasant reform of 1861, the growth of the urban population in Kostroma led to the problems of overpopulation in the provincial center. The existing infrastructure did not match (housing, transport, utilities) the changed population. This contributed to the sharp growth and spread of infectious diseases among the population of Kostroma, including massive epidemics of cholera, typhoid, smallpox, scarlet fever. The result was an increased mortality rate among the population. The article, based on materials Kostroma province, primarily the provincial center, examines the general epidemiological situation from the 70s of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The main directions of joint activities of the provincial government and city public administration bodies to reduce epidemiological tension and prevent mass diseases during the period of modernization are investigated. The article provides statistical data on the Kostroma province and the provincial center, uses the reports of the Medical Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the specified period, materials from periodicals, shows the regional specifics of solving the problems that have arisen, given that the Kostroma province was one of the most developed industrial provinces of the Russian Empire.
МЕМОРИАЛИЗАЦИЯ ВОЕННОГО КОНФЛИКТА НА ДОНБАССЕ В ПАМЯТНИКАХ
Authors: Комар Яна Владимировна
Published: June 2021

В статье автор реконструирует и анализирует процессы мемориализации военного конфликта на Донбассе, а именно на территории самопровозглашенных Донецкой Народной Республики и Луганской Народной Республики. Статья основана на материале собственных наблюдений автора за памятными практиками на Донбассе и анализе открытых источников (СМИ, социальные сети, блоги и др.). Автор систематизирует места памяти согласно времени возникновения и пространственной локализации. В связи с политической, экономической и социальной изоляцией Донбасса памятная функция возлагается исключительно на местное сообщество, а оно фиксирует факт события, создавая мемориальные визуальные объекты. Согласно обзору визуальных объектов-символов, возникших на территории Донбасса в период 2014–2020 гг., можно выделить следующие: мемориальные доски, памятные знаки, памятники и мемориальные комплексы. Меморализация не зависит от статуса умершего, возрастной группы или количества умерших. Определяющим фактором является факт насильственной или трагической смерти. Спонтанная меморализация практически не представлена из-за опасности паломничества к месту трагедии.
The author reconstructs and analyzes the processes of memorialization of the military conflict in Donbass, namely on the territory of the self-proclaimed Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republics. The article is based on the author’s own observations of commemorative practices in Donbass and analysis of open sources (media, social networks, blogs, etc.). The author systematizes memory places locations according to the time of creation and spatial localization. Due to political, economic and social isolation of Donbass, the commemorative function is exclusively assigned to the local community, and the community preserves the memory about the event creating visual objects. The visual objects-symbols that arose in Donbass in 2014-2020 are represented by memorial plaques, commemorative signs, monuments and memorial complexes. Memorials do not depend on the status of the deceased, age group or the number of dead. The determining factor is the fact of violent or tragic death. Spontaneous memorialization is temporally short and hardly represented as the pilgrimage to the place of tragedy can often be dangerous.