bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a turbofan engine using a parametric loop
Authors: Dişlitaş Ayşe Nur , Albayrak Çeper Bilge , Yıldız Melih
Published: December 2023

Purpose

In this study, the performance analysis of the split flow turbofan engine with afterburners has been examined using the parametric cycle analysis method. The purpose of this study is to examine how engine performance is impacted by design parameters and flight ambient values and to develop a software in this context.

Design/methodology/approach

Software has been developed using the open-source PYTHON programming language to perform performance analysis. Mach number, compressor/fan pressure ratio, bypass ratio and density were used as parameters. The effects of these variables on engine performance parameters were investigated.

Findings

Parametric cycle analysis has been calculated for different flight conditions in the range of 0–2 M and 0–15,000 m altitude for turbofan engines. With this study, basic data were obtained to optimize according to targeted flight conditions.

Practical implications

As a result of the performance analysis, the association between the flight conditions and design parameters of engine were determined. A software has been developed that can be used in the design of supersonic gas turbine engines for fast and easy simulation of the design parameters.

Originality/value

The variables used in the literature have been analyzed, and the results of the studies have been incorporated into the developed software, which can be used in innovative engine design. Software is capable to be developed further with the integration of new algorithms and models.
Uncertainty quantification of blade geometric deviation on compressor stability
Authors: Ji Tianyuan , Chu Wuli
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The geometric parameters of the compressor blade have a noteworthy influence on compressor stability, which should be meticulously designed. However, machining inaccuracies cause the blade geometric parameters to deviate from the ideal design, and the geometric deviation exhibits high randomness. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to quantify the uncertainty and analyze the sensitivity of the impact of blade geometric deviation on compressor stability.

Design/methodology/approach

In this work, the influence of blade geometric deviation is analyzed based on a subsonic compressor rotor stage, and three-dimensional numerical simulations are used to compute samples with different geometric features. A method of combining Halton sequence and non-intrusive polynomial chaos is adopted to carry out uncertainty quantitative analysis. Sobol’ index and Spearman correlation coefficient are used to analysis the sensitivity and correlation between compressor stability and blade geometric deviation, respectively.

Findings

The results show that the compressor stability is most sensitive to the tip clearance deviation, whereas deviations in the leading edge radius, trailing edge radius and chord length have minimal impact on the compressor stability. And, the effects of various blade geometric deviations on the compressor stability are basically independent and linearly superimposed.

Originality/value

This work provided a new approach for uncertainty quantification in compressor stability analysis. The conclusions obtained in this work provide some reference value for the manufacturing and maintenance of rotor blades.
Healthcare industry waste and public health: a systematic review
Authors: Husaini Danladi Chiroma , Bernardez Vinlee , Zetina Naim , Mphuthi David Ditaba
Published: December 2023

Purpose

A direct correlation exists between waste disposal, disease spread and public health. This article systematically reviewed healthcare waste and its implication for public health. This review identified and described the associations and impact of waste disposal on public health.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper systematically reviewed the literature on waste disposal and its implications for public health by searching Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA), PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases. Of a total of 1,583 studies, 59 articles were selected and reviewed.

Findings

The review revealed the spread of infectious diseases and environmental degradation as the most typical implications of improper waste disposal to public health. The impact of waste includes infectious diseases such as cholera, Hepatitis B, respiratory problems, food and metal poisoning, skin infections, and bacteremia, and environmental degradation such as land, water, and air pollution, flooding, drainage obstruction, climate change, and harm to marine and wildlife.

Research limitations/implications

Infectious diseases such as cholera, hepatitis B, respiratory problems, food and metal poisoning, skin infections, bacteremia and environmental degradation such as land, water, and air pollution, flooding, drainage obstruction, climate change, and harm to marine and wildlife are some of the public impacts of improper waste disposal.

Originality/value

Healthcare industry waste is a significant waste that can harm the environment and public health if not properly collected, stored, treated, managed and disposed of. There is a need for knowledge and skills applicable to proper healthcare waste disposal and management. Policies must be developed to implement appropriate waste management to prevent public health threats.
Digital transformation in small and medium enterprises: a scientometric analysis
Authors: Parra-Sánchez Diana Teresa , Talero-Sarmiento Leonardo Hernán
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the research field of digital transformation in small and medium enterprises (SMEs), considering the importance of SMEs in the economic development of countries.

Design/methodology/approach

Considering the contributions of researchers and the challenges of SMEs to transform their business models, in this paper, the authors conducted a scientometric analysis using CiteSpace that included 448 documents indexed in Scopus.

Findings

The authors appreciated the growth in the number of publications that have studied the digital transformation process in SMEs, showing a niche of researchers interested in the flourishing research topic. Likewise, the authors identified the intention of SMEs to adopt digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, data analytics, electronic commerce and the Internet of Things.

Practical implications

This paper is a valuable resource for academics and researchers in information systems, decision-makers in digital transformation in SMEs and governmental organisations concerned with digital technologies adoption in SMEs to achieve digital transformation and increase competitiveness and productivity.

Originality/value

This study used CiteSpace to conduct a scientometric analysis to explore how researchers have focused on frameworks and maturity models for measuring SME readiness, the impact of Industry 4.0 on SMEs, guides for helping managers evaluate their Industry 4.0 positioning, the development and implementation of digital business strategies for SMEs, the presentation of cases of SMEs that have driven digital transformation and future research opportunities.
The interplay among paradoxical leadership, industry 4.0 technologies, organisational ambidexterity, strategic flexibility and corporate sustainable performance in manufacturing SMEs of Malaysia
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Imtiaz , Kumar Jeetesh , Islam Md. Tariqul , Valeri Marco
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Manufacturing firms must embrace smart technologies and develop complex leadership approaches to achieve sustainability. Using the dynamic capability theory, this paper aims to examine the influence of the adoption of industry 4.0 technologies (AT) and paradoxical leadership (PL) on corporate sustainable performance (CSP) of manufacturing small-medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. Moreover, organisational ambidexterity (OA) is a mediator and strategic flexibility (SF) is a moderator in the study.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is a cross-sectional, quantitative study design that collected 395 usable responses through a simple random sampling technique and a close-ended structured questionnaire. Structural equation modelling (SEM) procedures were followed to analyse the data.

Findings

The statistical outcome implies that the AT significantly influence CSP and OA and mediate with CSP in the presence of OA. Moreover, PL shows a significant impact on OA, is insignificant on CSP and mediates with OA and CSP. The authors found a significant association between OA and CSP; however, SF did not provide evidence of a moderate effect.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this study clarify the role that organisational capabilities (OA, AT, PL and SF) play in fostering sustainability. The authors suggest incorporating SMEs from different geographies in other sectors by applying diverse methodologies and relevant constructs.

Practical implications

The result injects new perspectives into policy, managerial and individual levels. Installing OA, AT, PL and SF makes SMEs sustainable.

Originality/value

The empirical validation of the influence of OA and AT on CSP and the interaction of PL and SF enriches the organisational and entrepreneurial literature.
Impact of emotions on the behavioral strategies of PPP project stakeholders: an RDEU evolutionary game analysis
Authors: Bu Zehui , Liu Jicai , Liu Jiaqi
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Emotions, understood as evolving mental states, are pivotal in shaping individuals“' decision-making, especially in ambiguous information evaluation, probability estimation of events, and causality analysis. Public–private partnership (PPP) projects represent a confluence of “economic–environmental–social” dimensions, wherein stakeholder behavior follows the sequential progression of “cognition–emotion–action.” Consequently, comprehending the effects of emotional shifts on stakeholder's decision-making processes is vital to fostering the sustainability of PPP projects.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper utilizes rank-dependent expected utility and evolutionary game theory to systematically examine the influence of emotional factors on stakeholders' behavior and decision-making processes within PPP projects. The paper integrates three emotional state functions—optimism, pessimism and rationality—into the PPP framework, highlighting the intricate interactions among the government, private sector, surrounding public and the media. Furthermore, the paper amalgamates the evolutionary pathways of environmental rights incidents with the media's role. Through equilibrium analysis and numerical simulation, the paper delves into the diverse interplay of emotions across different phases of the environmental rights incident, assessing the impact of these emotions on the evolutionary game's equilibrium results.

Findings

Emotions significantly influence the microlevel decisions of PPP stakeholders, adapting continually based on event dynamics and media influences. When the private sector demonstrates optimism and the surrounding public leans toward rationality or pessimism, the likelihood of the private sector engaging in speculative behavior escalates, while the surrounding public refrains from adopting a supervisory strategy. Conversely, when the private sector is pessimistic and the public is optimistic, the system fails to evolve a stable strategy. However, when government regulation intensifies, the private sector opts for a nonspeculative strategy, and the surrounding public adopts a supervisory strategy. Under these conditions, the system attains a relatively optimal state of equilibrium.

Originality/value

The paper develops a game model to examine the evolutionary dynamics between the surrounding public and private sectors concerning environmental rights protection in waste incineration PPP projects. It illuminates the nature of the conflicting interests among project participants, delves into the impact of emotional factors on their decision-making processes and offers crucial perspectives for the governance of such partnerships. Furthermore, this paper provides substantive recommendations for emotional oversight to enhance governance efficacy.
Risk perception as a barrier to renewable energy finance – a study of debt investors in the Indian context
Authors: Umamaheswaran Swarnalakshmi , Dar Vandita , Prince John Ben , Thangaraj Viswanathan
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore the perceptions of investors regarding the risks associated with funding renewable energy projects in India, as well as the various factors that influence these perceptions. The investigation is limited to debt providers and seeks to pinpoint the primary risks that bankers perceive and the drivers that shape these perceptions.

Design/methodology/approach

This study draws on interviews and surveys of Indian bank executives, investigating how finance providers perceive risks in the Indian context and the factors driving such perceptions. Qualitative interviews have been used for operationalizing “risk perception” within the renewable energy domain, followed by a quantitative survey and exploratory factor analysis.

Findings

The authors find that experience and capacity are the most important factors that account for 30% of the overall variance. The second factor, which accounts for 15% of the variance, includes the perceived risks in funding renewable energy projects as compared to infrastructure projects. Among individual risks, the authors find that bankers perceive technological risk to be the lowest (5%) and contractual and regulatory risks as the highest (66%) in renewable energy projects.

Research limitations/implications

The study contextualizes risk perception toward renewable energy investments in the Indian context by drawing from the risk perception literature and qualitative interviews with senior bankers. It presents empirical evidence on the decision-making behavior of bankers, who are important stakeholders of the renewable energy ecosystem. The main limitation of the study is the relatively small sample, and generalizing the results to the broader population might require a larger sample. This will facilitate the use of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, which can facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of risk perceptions in renewables financing.

Originality/value

Insights gained can be used to provide policy recommendations for improving the financing ecosystem of renewable energy projects. The research significantly contributes to the extant literature within the renewable energy financing domain for emerging economies.
Manifold embedded global and local discriminative features selection for single-shot multi-categories clothing recognition and retrieval
Authors: Huang Jinchao
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Single-shot multi-category clothing recognition and retrieval play a crucial role in online searching and offline settlement scenarios. Existing clothing recognition methods based on RGBD clothing images often suffer from high-dimensional feature representations, leading to compromised performance and efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach

To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel method called Manifold Embedded Discriminative Feature Selection (MEDFS) to select global and local features, thereby reducing the dimensionality of the feature representation and improving performance. Specifically, by combining three global features and three local features, a low-dimensional embedding is constructed to capture the correlations between features and categories. The MEDFS method designs an optimization framework utilizing manifold mapping and sparse regularization to achieve feature selection. The optimization objective is solved using an alternating iterative strategy, ensuring convergence.

Findings

Empirical studies conducted on a publicly available RGBD clothing image dataset demonstrate that the proposed MEDFS method achieves highly competitive clothing classification performance while maintaining efficiency in clothing recognition and retrieval.

Originality/value

This paper introduces a novel approach for multi-category clothing recognition and retrieval, incorporating the selection of global and local features. The proposed method holds potential for practical applications in real-world clothing scenarios.
Assessing the significance of employee flexibility and organization policy for survival of organizations during turbulent conditions
Authors: Chaudhuri Ranjan , Grandhi Balakrishna , Vrontis Demetris , Chatterjee Sheshadri
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to assess the significance of employee work flexibility and the policy of the organization for survival during any crisis. This study also investigates the moderating role of leadership support (LS) during such turbulent conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

This study has used literature from the fields of organization performance, human resources and organization policy (OP), along with the theories of resource-based view (RBV) and dynamic capability view (DCV) to develop a conceptual model. Later, the conceptual model is validated using the structural equation modeling technique. The study used a survey method with a sample of 311 participants. These participants are employed as human resource managers (HRM) and other supportive workforce at different levels in the organizations.

Findings

The study shows that innovativeness and employee flexibility (EFL) are critical toward organizations’ survival during any crisis. Also, the study highlights the importance of OP and LS for the survival of organizations during and after any turbulent condition.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides valuable inputs to the leadership teams of organizations, especially HRM. This research also provides food for thought for policymakers and researchers in the field of organizational performance. This study also contributes to the overall body of literature on organization analysis and extends the literature on RBV and DCV.

Originality/value

The study adds value to the overall body of literature on organization performance and capabilities along with human resource management. Few studies have nurtured issues on EFL during turbulent conditions. Also, there are limited studies in the areas of OP such as favorable and unfavorable policies toward employees. Thus, this study can be considered unique. Moreover, the study investigates the moderating role of LS which adds value toward the body of literature on organizational leadership capability.
An interdisciplinary study of quality management and human resource management using quality of work–life factors
Authors: Heriyati Pantri , Chitta Nathanya , Prasetyaningtyas Sekar , Prasetya Prita , Yadav Neeraj
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Interrelationships among some common factors of human resource (HR) management and quality management are still unexplored. Changes in work patterns due to the Covid-19 pandemic have aroused interest in some of these factors, such as working-hours, work pressure, work–life balance practices, job satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to explore the interrelationships among such factors. Specifically, the influence of work hours, work pressure, job rotation and work–life balance on job satisfaction is evaluated both directly and under the mediating influence of working conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in Indonesia among diversified organisations. A total of 432 responses were gathered, and they were examined using hypothesis testing and partial least square based structural equation modelling.

Findings

The study confirms the statistically proven impact of work pressure, job rotations and work–life-balance practices on working conditions. Job rotations, work–life balance practices and working conditions directly influenced job satisfaction. Work pressure did not influence job satisfaction directly, but it significantly influenced working conditions, which eventually affected job satisfaction. Working hours neither affected working conditions nor job satisfaction in a significant manner.

Practical implications

Covid-19 necessitated working from home, which is a peculiar work–life balance situation. The findings are helpful for organisations in planning strategies related to work–life-balance, working hours, multi-skilling, working conditions and other quality of work life factors in both regular working conditions and under Covid-19 conditions.

Social implications

The proven influence of work pressure and work–life-balance practices may result in the formation of informal organisations, social groups and increased social networking. As working hours are not diagnosed as an influencing factor for job satisfaction, organisations may think about increasing them, affecting the social fabric of the working community.

Originality/value

Previously unexplored interrelationships among various quality of work life factors are established. Under Covid-19 circumstances, factors such as working hours, work–life-balance and work pressure are investigated in a novel manner. The factors and their interrelationships are important to both quality management professionals and HR professionals.
Exploring the intellectual and conceptual structure of small retail research through a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Samanta Tamal , Aithal Rajesh K.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to consolidate the existing literature on small retail and develop a conceptual framework using thematic analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

The relevant set of 224 articles has been obtained from the Scopus database by applying the PRISMA framework. Bibliometric analysis has been performed using Biblioshiny in Bibliometrix and VOSviewer.

Findings

Four major themes have been identified within the conceptual structure of the small retail domain, and a conceptual framework has been developed using the interlinkages within the themes. The intellectual structure of the domain has been explored using citation analysis, co-citation analysis and bibliographic coupling. Future research directions are also identified and documented based on the thematic analysis and overall consolidation of the literature.

Originality/value

This is perhaps one of the first attempts to consolidate the published literature on small retail using bibliometric analysis.
An institutional perspective on application programming interface development and integration
Authors: Ofoeda Joshua , Boateng Richard , Effah John
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Digital platforms increase their function and scope by leveraging boundary resources and complementary add-on products from third-party developers to interact with external entities and producers. Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are essential boundary resources developers use to connect applications, systems and platforms. This notwithstanding, previous API studies tend to focus more on the technical dimensions, with little on the social and cultural contexts underpinning API innovations. This study relies on the new (neo) institutional theory (focusing on regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive pillars) as an analytical lens to understand the institutional forces that affect API integration among digital firms.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts a qualitative case study methodology and relies on phone calls and a semi-structured in-depth interview approach of a Ghanaian digital music platform to uncover the institutional forces affecting API integration.

Findings

The findings reveal that regulative institutions such as excessive tax regimes mostly constrained API development and integration initiatives. However, other regulative institutions like the government digitalization agenda enabled API integration. Normative institutions, such as the growing use of e-payment options, enabled API integration in digital music platforms. Cultural-cognitive institutions like employee ego constrained the API integration process in music digital platforms.

Originality/value

This study primarily contributes to deepening understanding of the relevant literature by exploring the institutional forces that affect API integration among digital firms in a developing economy. The study also uncovered a new form of an institution known as motivational institution as an enabler for API development and integration in digital music platforms.
Do female adolescents respond better to thin or plus-size ad characters?
Authors: Bakir Aysen , Castonguay Jessica , Blodgett Jeffrey G.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine the effects of character body size, subject body size and product type on female adolescents’ attitudes toward the character. Given prior research showing that adolescents identify more strongly with those whom they view as similar to themselves, it is possible that heavy and obese adolescents will react more favorably to plus-size ad characters.

Design/methodology/approach

Two studies were conducted, one with females aged 12–14 and a second with females aged 15–17. Based on their body mass index, subjects were classified as of small/average size or overweight/obese. Ads featured either a thin, average-size or plus-size character, and promoted either a healthful or an unhealthful snack item.

Findings

In general, small/average size female adolescents responded more favorably toward thin characters, whereas their overweight/obese counterparts responded more favorably toward plus-size characters. Moreover, subjects’ responses were not moderated by the nutritional value (healthful vs unhealthful) of the product being advertised.

Research limitations/implications

To effectively promote healthy foods to overweight/obese adolescents, it may be advantageous to incorporate plus-size characters. Additional research is needed, however, to determine whether this approach can effectively influence brand attitudes and consumption behaviors.

Social implications

As obesity rates continue to rise, it has become vitally important to encourage healthier food choices among youth. To develop effective communication strategies, marketers need to better understand how young consumers respond to various advertising cues.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the effect of character size and subject size on female adolescents’ attitudes toward the character.
From congruity to loyalty: how congruity factors drive sharing economy
Authors: Rasheed A.K. Fazeen , Balakrishnan Janarthanan
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The study examines the influence of various congruity factors (economic, safety and Health, hedonic, and functional) on tourists' satisfaction with sharing economy-based services.

Design/methodology/approach

A single cross-sectional design is used in the study, with 513 travellers surveyed directly at three different tourist destinations in India. The partial least squares-structural equation modelling approach is used to analyse the data.

Findings

The research shows that congruity factors significantly influence tourists' satisfaction with sharing economy-based services. Moreover, satisfaction is strongly associated with recommendation intention for these services and customer loyalty. Additionally, the intention to recommend directly leads to increased customer loyalty.

Practical implications

The results offer pertinent insights for stakeholders in the sharing economy, including tourism marketers, policymakers and corporations. Aligning services with the identified congruity factors can enhance user satisfaction, boost recommendation rates and foster long-standing customer loyalty.

Originality/value

This study stands out for its thorough investigation into how congruity factors influence tourist satisfaction within the context of the sharing economy. Additionally, by focusing on specific demographic differentiators, such as age (gen Z or old gen) and gender (male or female), the study provides a nuanced understanding that enriches the existing body of knowledge.
Shariah governance framework for Islamic banking in Pakistan: a critical review and comparison with AAOIFI
Authors: Wasim Mustanir Hussain , Zafar Muhammad Bilal
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The study aims to critically review the Shariah governance framework for Islamic banking prevailing in Pakistan and provide a comparison with Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI).

Design/methodology/approach

It analyzes 16 circulars issued by the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) since 2002, including three Shariah governance frameworks in 2014, 2015 and 2018. Additionally, the study compares the SBP and AAOIFI Shariah governance standards to evaluate the soundness of the SBP framework against international benchmarks.

Findings

Pakistan’s Shariah governance model is centralized, with the SBP’s Shariah board having ultimate authority. The SBP has provided a comprehensive Shariah framework, which includes among others, the criteria for the qualifications and conflict of interests of Shariah members. Both AAOIFI and SBP Shariah governance frameworks have similarities and differences in terms of the tenure of Shariah Supervisory Board (SSB) members, reporting line of SSB, number of SSB meetings, minimum experience of SSB members, primary duties of Shariah board, code of ethics and conduct for SSB and management and requirement of publication of SSB report in the annual report of Islamic banks. The frameworks differ in terms of the delegation of SSB powers, assessment and appraisal of SSB effectiveness and outsourcing of Shariah Compliance Department and Internal Shariah Audit Unit.

Practical implications

The study recommends expanding the qualification criteria for Shariah advisors to include additional degrees and qualifications, upholding stringent criteria for conflict of interests and promoting stakeholder consultation through exposure drafts.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first of its kind which critically review and compare the Shariah governance framework prevailing in Pakistan.
Developing green urban mobility policies for sustainable public transportation in local communities: a Norwegian perspective
Authors: Anthony Jnr. Bokolo
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The concept of green urban mobility has emerged as one of the best approaches for promoting environmental-friendly transportation in local communities. Green urban mobility aims to reshape public transportation system and enhance mobility, with emphasis on deploying digital technologies to promote sustainable public transportation. Therefore, this study aims to analyze existing public transportation policies by exploring how local communities can facilitate green urban mobility by developing a sociotechnical urban-based mobility model highlighting key factors that impact regions transitioning toward sustainable transportation.

Design/methodology/approach

This study investigates “the role of data for green urban mobility policies toward sustainable public transportation in local communities” in the form of a systematic literature review and insights from Norway. Secondary data from the literature and qualitative analysis of the national transport plan document was descriptively analyzed to provide inference.

Findings

Findings from this study provides specific measures and recommendations as actions for achieving a national green mobility practice. More important, findings from this study offers evidence from the Norwegian context to support decision-makers and stakeholders on how sustainable public transportation can be achieved in local communities. In addition, findings present data-driven initiatives being put in place to promote green urban mobility to decrease the footprint from public transportation in local municipalities.

Practical implications

This study provides green mobility policies as mechanisms to be used to achieve a sustainable public transportation in local communities. Practically, this study advocates for the use of data to support green urban mobility for transport providers, businesses and municipalities administration by analyzing and forecasting mobility demand and supply in terms of route, cost, time, network connection and mode choice.

Social implications

This study provides factors that would promote public and nonmotorized transportation and also aid toward achieving a national green urban mobility strategy. Socially, findings from this study provides evidence on specific green urban mobility measures to be adopted by stakeholders in local communities.

Originality/value

This study presents a sociotechnical urban-based mobility model that is positioned between the intersection of “human behavior” and “infrastructural design” grounded on the factors that influence green urban mobility policies for local communities transiting to a sustainable public transportation. Also, this study explores key factors that may influence green urban mobility policies for local communities toward achieving a more sustainable public transportation leading to a more inclusive, equitable and accessible urban environment.
Response of anchor investors to pre-IPO earnings management: evidence from an emerging market
Authors: Narang Sahil , Pradhan Rudra P.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine the reaction of anchor investors (AIs) to pre-IPO earnings management (EM). The authors use the unique detailed bid data from the Indian anchor experiment. The authors also study the reputed AIs’ EM detection ability and pricing behavior in response to pre-IPO EM.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use unique AI bid data for 169 Indian IPO firms. Utilizing the logistic regression and Tobit regression models with industry and year-fixed effects, the authors examine the relationship between various measures of AI participation and proxies of short-term and long-term discretionary accruals.

Findings

The authors document that pre-IPO EM is positively associated with the likelihood of anchor backing but negatively related to the likelihood of reputed anchor backing. The findings indicate that AIs are misled by pre-IPO EM, but reputed AIs are not. The authors also observe that reputed AIs, compared to the non-reputed, pay less than the upper band with increasing EM. The findings are robust to using various AI measures and EM proxies.

Practical implications

The findings have significant implications for regulators in the implementation of AI concept in non-anchor markets and better implementation of policies in existing anchor settings. Findings can also be relevant for non-institutional investors in the IPO domain.

Originality/value

This is one of the few studies on institutional investors' IPO bidding behavior in response to pre-IPO EM. However, this is the first study to analyze AIs' IPO bidding behavior in response to pre-IPO EM.
Does digital transformation restrict the carbon emission intensity of enterprises? Evidence from listed manufacturing enterprises in China
Authors: Deng Fuming , Cai Lu , Ma Xiaolei
Published: December 2023

Digitalization and greening are key themes in global development, the manufacturing industry, as a major sector of energy consumption and carbon emissions, is in urgent need of transformation to realize energy conservation and emission reduction, digital transformation provides an opportunity for its green development. However, whether digital transformation can restrain the carbon emission intensity (CEI) of enterprises is still controversial. Based on the data of China's A‐share manufacturing listed companies from 2013 to 2020, this paper uses fixed effect model and intermediary effect model to explore the relationship between digital transformation and enterprise CEI and the influence path. the results show that: (1) Digital transformation has significantly reduced the CEI of manufacturing enterprises. (2) Mechanism analysis indicates that green technological innovation and resource allocation efficiency play a chain mediating role in this relationship. (3) Heterogeneity analysis shows that the carbon emission reduction effect of digital transformation is more significant when enterprises belong to an energy‐intensive manufacturing industry or face strong environmental regulations and industry competition. The analysis of this paper not only deepens enterprises' understanding of digital transformation and green development but also provides a policy basis for China to advocate the coordinated development of the digital economy and green economy.
IgG4‐related retroperitoneal fibrosis induced by nivolumab and ipilimumab in a patient with non‐small cell lung cancer: A case report
Authors: Nishimura Masashi , Kimizuka Yoshifumi , Ogawa Takunori , Tsuchiya Motohiro , Kato Yoshiki , Matsukida Akira , Igarashi Shunya , Ito Koki , Serizawa Yusuke , Tanigaki Tomomi , Fujikura Yuji , Katsurada Yuka , Ogata Sho , Kawana Akihiko
Published: December 2023

IgG4‐related diseases are adverse events that occur after receiving treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). This study reports the first case of IgG4‐related retroperitoneal fibrosis after the administration of chemotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab (NI therapy). An 80‐year‐old man developed lower abdominal pain eight months after NI therapy was initiated. Although the primary lesion maintained its reduced size on computed tomography, there was an increase in the soft tissue shadows intensity around the abdominal aorta, bladder, and seminal vesicles, suggesting retroperitoneal fibrosis. Blood tests showed elevated IgG4 levels. Computed tomography‐guided biopsy of the retroperitoneum showed B cell‐dominant lymphocyte infiltration consistent with IgG4‐related retroperitoneal fibrosis and characteristic CD8‐positive lymphocyte infiltration, suggestive of the involvement of cytotoxic T cells. Based on the clinical, imaging, and pathological findings, the patient was diagnosed with IgG4‐related retroperitoneal fibrosis due to ICI. Immunotherapy discontinuation alone did not result in improvement; therefore, steroid therapy was initiated. In clinical practice, IgG4‐related retroperitoneal fibrosis can occur as an immune‐related adverse event when administering anti‐PD‐1 and anti‐CTLA‐4 antibodies for cancer immunotherapy. Early steroid therapy could be effective in controlling this immune‐related adverse event.
Women's fear of childbirth during pregnancy: A concept analysis
Authors: Souto Sandra P. , Prata Ana Paula , Albuquerque Rosemeire S. , Caldeira Sílvia
Published: December 2023

Purpose

To map and analyze the concept of women's fear of childbirth (FOC) during pregnancy and to develop a new nursing diagnosis (ND).

Methods

Concept analysis based on Walker and Avant's methodology. An integrative literature search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL Complete databases, including peer‐reviewed articles published in English from January 1981 to October 2022.

Findings

Thirty‐one studies were included in the review. Women's FOC during pregnancy comprises three central categories: attributes, antecedents, and consequences. Nine main characteristics (attributes) are related to one or more of eight prior conditions (antecedents) that have the potential to exert negative or favorable impacts (consequences), depending on whether coping strategies have been a part of a fearful woman's pregnancy. These elements and relationships among them should be viewed as dynamic.

Conclusions

Women's FOC during pregnancy is a subjective, multidimensional, and dynamic concept that benefits prenatal care responses. A conceptual matrix on prenatal care will consider the factors underlying women's FOC and their potential mechanisms, how fearful pregnant women respond, the aspects that shape FOC, and how it influences outcomes when supporting pregnant women with FOC. Therefore, the study findings can be used to inform ways of identifying fearful women or as a basis for interventions to manage fears and enhance the confidence of pregnant women for childbirth.

Implications for nursing practice

The results of this study help nurses, OB nursing practitioners, nurse–midwives, and midwives to identify the condition of women's FOC during pregnancy and guide nursing therapeutic interventions to decrease the negative effects on women's health and well‐being. Therefore, there are valuable reasons to propose using “fear of childbirth” as a ND in the class “coping responses” within domain coping/stress tolerance, contributing to refining the NANDA‐I taxonomy.
Dietary index based on the Food Standards Agency nutrient profiling system and risk of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
Authors: Meyer Antoine , Dong Catherine , Chan Simon S. M. , Touvier Mathilde , Julia Chantal , Huybrechts Inge , Nicolas Geneviève , Oldenburg Bas , Heath Alicia K. , Tong Tammy Y. N. , Key Timothy J. , Tjønneland Anne , Kyrø Cecilie , Kaaks Rudolf , Katzke Verena A. , Bergman Manuela M. , Palli Domenico , Masala Giovanna , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Colorado‐Yohar Sandra M. , Sánchez Maria‐Jose , Guevara Marcela , Grip Olof , Holmgren Johanna , Cross Amanda , Karling Pontus , Hultdin Johan , Murphy Neil , Deschasaux‐Tanguy Mélanie , Hercberg Serge , Galan Pilar , Mahamat‐Saleh Yahya , Amiot Aurélien , Gunter Marc J. , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Carbonnel Franck
Published: December 2023

Background

Nutri‐score is now widely available in food packages in Europe.

Aim

To study the overall nutritional quality of the diet in relation to risks of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort

Methods

We collected dietary data at baseline from validated food frequency questionnaires. We used a dietary index based on the UK Food Standards Agency modified nutrient profiling system (FSAm‐NPS‐DI) underlying the Nutri‐Score label, to measure the nutritional quality of the diet. We estimated the association between FSAm‐NPS‐DI score, and CD and UC risks using Cox models stratified by centre, sex and age; and adjusted for smoking status, BMI, physical activity, energy intake, educational level and alcohol intake.

Results

We included 394,255 participants (68.1% women; mean age at recruitment 52.1 years). After a mean follow‐up of 13.6 years, there were 184 incident cases of CD and 459 incident cases of UC. Risk of CD was higher in those with a lower nutritional quality, that is higher FSAm‐NPS‐DI Score (fourth vs. first quartile: aHR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.24–3.36; p‐trend: <0.01). Among items of the FSAm‐NPS‐DI Score, low intakes of dietary fibre and fruits/vegetables/legumes/nuts were associated with higher risk of CD. Nutritional quality was not associated with risk of UC (fourth vs. first quartile of the FSAm‐NPS‐DI Score: aHR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.69–1.21; p‐trend: 0.76).

Conclusions

A diet with low nutritional quality as measured by the FSAm‐NPS‐DI Score is associated with a higher risk of CD but not UC.
Estimation of off‐farm temperatures and temperature‐humidity index from meteorological observation records
Authors: Satoh Masahiro , Fukuzawa Yo , Ogawa Shinichiro , Okamura Toshihiro
Published: December 2023

The objective of this study was to devise an optimal method for estimating air temperatures outside pig farms to be able to evaluate the genetic performance of pigs. Using daily temperature data from Japan Meteorological Agency meteorological stations, we investigated the optimal number of observation weather stations (number of records), and methods of estimating outside temperature when temperature records are missing. We also considered the possibility of using relative humidity data. Our results showed that it is possible to use records from the three nearest weather stations to estimate off‐farm ambient temperatures. We also concluded that estimates of outside temperatures when records are missing can be made by using data from at least one weather station that holds a full set of data. The correlation coefficients between the true THI (temperature‐humidity index) and the estimated THI and the average daily temperature were almost the same, indicating that the daily average temperature can be used instead of estimated THI.
Why do college students engage in in‐class media multitasking behaviours? A social learning perspective
Authors: Yin Chunxiao , Li Lirui , Yu Liang
Published: December 2023

People in modern society are media multitaskers due to portable devices and omnipresent wireless networks, and college students are no exception. Previous studies have indicated that students' media multitasking behaviours in class harm their academic performances, and understanding the reasons for college students' engagement in such behaviour is meaningful. However, the literature takes media multitasking behaviour as an audience behaviour, which ignores the interaction between students and their surroundings. This study fills this gap by emphasizing the role of the social learning process. A survey was conducted in a public and comprehensive university in western China, and a total of 457 valid respondents were obtained. The results from PLS‐SEM revealed that college students' in‐class media multitasking behaviours were influenced by both observational learning (ie, imitating others) and reinforcement learning (ie, in‐class interventions), and this learning process was shaped by students' media multitasking self‐efficacy and self‐management of learning. These findings contribute to the current literature by providing a relatively new perspective for understanding college students' in‐class media multitasking behaviours, and suggestions about how to deal with such behaviours are also provided.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

In‐class media multitasking behaviours (ICMMBs) damage college students' academic performance.

College students' ICMMBs are affected by individual factors, such as internet addiction and sensation seeking.

Social learning theory is widely adopted as a general theoretical background to explain those behaviours of which possible consequences are easily observed no matter from others or from individuals themselves.

What this paper adds

This work enriches the media multitasking literature by investigating the predictors of ICMMBs from a relatively new perspective, that is, the social learning perspective.

This work also contributes to the literature on media multitasking by examining how the social learning process of college students' ICMMBs differs across students.

This work extends the application scope of social learning theory to the context of college students' ICMMBs.

Implications for practice and/or policy.

The role of imitating others proves the importance of the learning atmosphere in classrooms, so teachers or lecturers should pay special attention to build a learning atmosphere away from ICMMBs.

Some in‐class interventions should be established, especially the formal policy of schools to require students to hand in their smartphones or other media before class and students' own mindfulness of such behaviour.

Teachers or lecturers should take actions to lower the academic performance expectations of students with higher media multitasking self‐efficacy (MMSE) because students with higher MMSE often overestimate their capabilities to have good performance when conducting other tasks simultaneously.