bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treating linear molecules in calculations of rotation-vibration spectra
Authors: Yurchenko Sergei N. , Mellor Thomas M.
Published: October 2020

In this article, a numerical implementation of the exact kinetic energy operator (KEO) for triatomic molecules (symmetric of XY2-type and asymmetric of YXZ-type) is presented. The implementation is based on the valence coordinates with the bisecting (XY2-type molecules) and bond-vector (YXZ) embeddings and includes the treatment of the singularity at linear geometry. The KEO is represented in a sum-of-product form. The singularity caused by the undetermined angle at the linear configuration is resolved with the help of the associated Legendre and Laguerre polynomials used as parameterized bending basis functions in the finite basis set representation. The exact KEO implementation is combined with the variational solver theoretical rovibrational energies, equipped with a general automatic symmetry-adaptation procedure and efficient basis step contraction schemes, providing a powerful computational solver of triatomic molecules for accurate computations of highly excited ro-vibrational spectra. The advantages of different basis set choices are discussed. Examples of specific applications for computing hot spectra of linear molecules are given.
Thomson parabola and time-of-flight detector cross-calibration methodology on the ALLS 100 TW laser-driven ion acceleration beamline
Authors: Vallières S. , Salvadori M. , Puyuelo-Valdes P. , Payeur S. , Fourmaux S. , Consoli F. , Verona C. , d’Humières E. , Chicoine M. , Roorda S. , Schiettekatte F. , Antici P.
Published: October 2020

We report on the cross-calibration of Thomson Parabola (TP) and Time-of-Flight (TOF) detectors as particle diagnostics, implemented on the most recent setup of the ALLS 100 TW laser-driven ion acceleration beamline. The Microchannel Plate (MCP) used for particle detection in the TP spectrometer has been calibrated in intensity on the tandem linear accelerator at the Université de Montréal. The experimental data points of the scaling factor were obtained by performing a pixel cluster analysis of single proton impacts on the MCP. A semi-empirical model was extrapolated and fitted to the data to apply the calibration also to higher kinetic energies and to extend it to other ion species. Two TOF lines using diamond detectors, placed at +6° and −9° with respect to the target-normal axis, were benchmarked against the TP spectrometer measurements to determine the field integrals related to its electric and magnetic dispersions. The mean integral proton numbers obtained on the beamline were about 4.1 × 1011 protons/sr with a standard deviation of 15% in the central section of the spectrum around 3 MeV, hence witnessing the high repeatability of the proton bunch generation. The mean maximum energy was of 7.3 ± 0.5 MeV, well in agreement with similar other 100 TW-scale laser facilities, with the best shots reaching 9 MeV and nearly 1012 protons/sr. The used particle diagnostics are compatible with the development of a high-repetition rate targetry due to their fast online readout and are therefore a crucial step in the automation of any beamline.
Deep learning approaches for thermographic imaging
Authors: Kovács Péter , Lehner Bernhard , Thummerer Gregor , Mayr Günther , Burgholzer Peter , Huemer Mario
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we investigate two deep learning approaches to recovering initial temperature profiles from thermographic images in non-destructive material testing. First, we trained a deep neural network (DNN) in an end-to-end fashion by directly feeding the surface temperature measurements to the DNN. Second, we turned the surface temperature measurements into virtual waves (a recently developed concept in thermography), which we then fed to the DNN. To demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods, we implemented a data generator and created a dataset comprising a total of 100 000 simulated temperature measurement images. With the objective of determining a suitable baseline, we investigated several state-of-the-art model-based reconstruction methods, including Abel transformation, curvelet denoising, and time- and frequency-domain synthetic aperture focusing techniques. Additionally, a physical phantom was created to support evaluation on completely unseen real-world data. The results of several experiments suggest that both the end-to-end and the hybrid approach outperformed the baseline in terms of reconstruction accuracy. The end-to-end approach required the least amount of domain knowledge and was the most computationally efficient one. The hybrid approach required extensive domain knowledge and was more computationally expensive than the end-to-end approach. However, the virtual waves served as meaningful features that convert the complex task of the end-to-end reconstruction into a less demanding undertaking. This in turn yielded better reconstructions with the same number of training samples compared to the end-to-end approach. Additionally, it allowed more compact network architectures and use of prior knowledge, such as sparsity and non-negativity. The proposed method is suitable for non-destructive testing (NDT) in 2D where the amplitudes along the objects are considered to be constant (e.g., for metallic wires). To encourage the development of other deep-learning-based reconstruction techniques, we release both the synthetic and the real-world datasets along with the implementation of the deep learning methods to the research community.
Enhancement in hard magnetic properties of (Nd, Pr)–Fe–B melt-spun ribbons
Authors: Gandha Kinjal , Liu Xubo , Tang Wei , Nlebedim I. C.
Published: October 2020

The coercivity of RE2Fe14B-type permanent magnets is strongly influenced by the microstructural features such as grain boundary (GB) phases as well as grain sizes. We have combined micromagnetic simulations and experiments to elucidate the role of excess RE (Nd/Pr) in determining the resulting hard magnetic properties of Nd–Pr–Fe–B melt-spun ribbons. The intrinsic coercivity (Hc) at room temperature significantly enhanced from 9.7 kOe to 15.3 kOe with the increase in the Nd/Pr content. Furthermore, the effect of non-magnetic grain refining refractory carbide (TiC) on both the microstructure and magnetic hardening was studied. The addition of TiC showed a very high coercivity Hc of up to 19.0 kOe at room temperature. Micromagnetic simulation indicates that the coercivity enhancement is mainly due to the reduction of inter-grain magnetic interaction, which is due to the RE-rich nonmagnetic grain boundary (GB) phase and/or TiC distributed at the GB. This work provides useful information on the roles of non-magnetic grain boundary phases for improving the coercivity of Nd–Pr–Fe–B magnets. Combined with experimental and modeling results, we have discussed the mechanism responsible for the enhancements in coercivity and the suitability of the alloys for high-performance permanent magnet development.
Optical and electronic solutions for power stabilization of CO2 lasers
Authors: Childs Christian , O’Donnell William , Ellison Paul B. , Shelton David P. , Salamat Ashkan
Published: October 2020

High pressure–temperature conditions can be readily achieved through the laser-heated diamond anvil cell (LH-DAC). A stable laser source is required for reliable in situ measurements of the sample, as the sample is small with a thermal time constant of the order of microseconds. Here, we show that the power instabilities typical of CO2 gas lasers used in LH-DAC’s are ±5% at the second timescale and ∼±50% at the microsecond timescale. We also demonstrate that the pointing instability of the laser requires either a diffuser or an integrating sphere for reliable total power measurements with small sized detectors. We present a simple solution for stabilizing the power of a CO2 gas laser on the second timescale by the direct modulation of the current across the tube and another solution that stabilizes the power to the microsecond timescale by externally modulating the CO2 laser beam. Both solutions can achieve a ±0.3% power stability.
Robust non-Pt noble metal-based nanomaterials for electrocatalytic hydrogen generation
Authors: Yu Jie , Dai Yawen , He Qijiao , Cheng Chun , Shao Zongping , Ni Meng
Published: October 2020

Currently, the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been a key point of focus for developing sustainable hydrogen economy, but it is hampered by sluggish reaction kinetics. Despite the fact that various non-noble metal-based materials as electrocatalysts toward the HER are gaining considerable attention, noble metal-based nanomaterials (NMNs) for catalyzing the HER still have advantageous features, i.e., wide pH applicability, high intrinsic activity, and good stability. Considering a high chemical similarity to HER-benchmark Pt metals, various non-Pt NMNs with high atom utilization, super efficiency, and durability for HER catalysis are engineered through various structural/electronic tailoring strategies, which has become a significant trend in this research field. Herein, a panoramic review about recent representative efforts and progress in the design of non-Pt NMNs is presented. It first introduces the HER fundamentals and then generally describes the structural and electronic characteristics of non-Pt noble metals matching the HER. Followed on, different tuning strategies for fabricating effective non-Pt NMN catalysts, including composition optimizing by constructing alloys or novel compounds, morphological tuning via decreasing the particle size or designing unique nanostructures, and hybrid engineering as well as crystalline structure/facet controlling, are systemically summarized, with a special focus on the underlying structure–activity relationship for different catalysts. The features of pH universality and bifunctionality for these non-Pt NMN catalysts are also highlighted. At the end, existing challenges and future perspectives awaiting this emerging research field are discussed.
Pulsed power accelerator surface Joule heating models
Authors: Robinson Allen C. , Porwitzky Andrew J.
Published: October 2020

Understanding the effects of contaminant plasmas generated within the Z machine at Sandia is critical to understanding current loss mechanisms. The plasmas are generated at the accelerator electrode surfaces and include desorbed species found in the surface and substrate of the walls. These desorbed species can become ionized. The timing and location of contaminant species desorbed from the wall surface depend non-linearly on the local surface temperature. For accurate modeling, it is necessary to utilize wall heating models to estimate the amount and timing of material desorption. One of these heating mechanisms is Joule heating. We propose several extended semi-analytic magnetic diffusion heating models for computing surface Joule heating and demonstrate their effects for several representative current histories. We quantitatively assess under what circumstances these extensions to classical formulas may provide a validatable improvement to the understanding of contaminant desorption timing.
Potential and pitfalls: On the use of transient absorption spectroscopy for in situ and operando studies of photoelectrodes
Authors: Forster Mark , Cheung Daniel W. F. , Gardner Adrian M. , Cowan Alexander J.
Published: October 2020

Here, we discuss the application, advantages, and potential pitfalls of using transient UV/Vis (ultraviolet-visible) absorption spectroscopy to study photoelectrodes for water splitting. We revisit one of the most commonly studied water oxidation photoanodes (α-Fe2O3−x) to provide commentary and guidelines on experiment design and data analysis for transient absorption (TA) studies of photoelectrodes within a photoelectrochemical cell. We also assess the applicability of such in situ TA studies to understand photoelectrodes under operating conditions. A major limitation is that most, if not all, past in situ TA studies have been carried out using only pulsed light sources to generate carriers, with the electrode held in the dark at other times, which is shown to be a poor model for operating conditions. However, with a simple modification of existing TA experiments, a simple operando TA measurement is reported.
Manipulation of nonlinear magnon effects using a secondary microwave frequency
Authors: Venugopal Aneesh , Qu Tao , Victora R. H.
Published: October 2020

With minimal Joule loss, magnetic insulator-based quantized spin-waves or magnons are becoming increasingly popular for device applications including logic-circuits and signal processing. The parametric excitation-based nonlinear behavior that plays an important role in such applications is also interesting from a physics perspective. In this work, we demonstrate quantitative prediction of the threshold microwave-field needed for initiating nonlinear behavior in the presence of a secondary microwave frequency. This would allow the in situ control of non-linearity and, hence, prove to be useful for a wide range of applications, especially those involving microwave devices. The fine structures, appearing in the threshold-field upon variation in the frequency of the secondary frequency, have been demonstrated using simulations and explained analytically. The impact of the magnon phase relative to the pump is also quantitatively determined.
Coherent coupling of a trapped electron to a distant superconducting microwave cavity
Authors: Cridland Mathad April , Lacy John H. , Pinder Jonathan , Uribe Alberto , Willetts Ryan , Alvarez Raquel , Verdú José
Published: October 2020

We theoretically investigate the coupling of a single electron in a planar Penning trap with a remote superconducting microwave (MW) cavity. Coupling frequencies around Ω=2π·1 MHz can be reached with resonators with a loaded quality factor of Q=105, allowing for the strong coupling regime. The electron and the cavity form a system of two coupled quantum harmonic oscillators. This is a hybrid and linear microwave quantum network. We show that the coherent interaction can be sustained over distances of a few mm up to several cm. Similar to classical linear MW circuits, the coherent quantum exchange of photons is ruled by the impedances of the electron and the cavity. As one concrete application, we discuss the entanglement of the cyclotron motions of two electrons located in two separate traps.
Modeling q95 windows for the suppression of edge localized modes by resonant magnetic perturbations in the DIII-D tokamak
Authors: Fitzpatrick R.
Published: October 2020

A toroidal asymptotic matching model of the response of a tokamak plasma to a static resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) is used to simulate the n = 3 RMP-induced edge-localized-mode-suppression windows in q95 that are evident when the plasma current is slowly ramped in DIII-D discharge #145380. All quantities employed in the simulation are derived from experimental measurements, apart from the neutral particle data. Three cases are considered. In the first case, the natural frequencies of tearing modes resonant in the plasma are determined by the ion flows at the corresponding resonant surfaces, which is the prediction of nonlinear tearing mode theory. In the second case, the natural frequencies are determined by the local E×B velocities at the resonant surfaces. In the third case, the natural frequencies are determined by the electron flows at the resonant surfaces, which is the prediction of linear tearing mode theory. The second case gives the best agreement between the simulations and the experimental observations. The first and third cases only lead to partial agreement between the simulations and the observations. In the first case, the lack of complete agreement may be a consequence of using an inaccurate assumption for the neutral particle distribution in the pedestal. In the third case, the lack of complete agreement is probably due to the fact that the response of a tokamak plasma to an RMP is not accurately described by linear tearing mode theory.
Speciation and partitioning of uranium in waterbodies near Ranger Uranium Mine
Authors: McMaster Scott A. , Noller Barry N. , Humphrey Chris L. , Trenfield Melanie A. , Harford Andrew J.
Published: October 2020

Environmental contextAs a part of the rehabilitation of Ranger Uranium Mine, Northern Australia, closure criteria for water concentrations of uranium and other contaminants in local waterbodies have been developed. Increased concentrations of uranium in the water column can result in an accumulation of uranium in the sediment and be hazardous to benthic organisms. A uranium partitioning relationship was derived to predict sediment uranium concentrations from water column concentrations.
AbstractAfter almost four decades of mineral processing, the Ranger Uranium Mine (RUM) is set to cease operations in 2021. Beyond this period, rehabilitation of the Ranger Project Area (RPA) will continue into 2026. As part of the rehabilitation of RUM, water quality guideline values (WQGVs) for U and other metals in local waterbodies have been developed to protect aquatic organisms from the effects of metal toxicity. However, benthic organisms will also be exposed to U as it partitions from the water column to the sediments. This important component of the ecosystem may then be exposed to increased U concentrations through ingestion and adsorption of U from sediments. As increased concentrations of U in the water column can result in an accumulation of U in sediment, a U partitioning relationship was derived to enable prediction of sediment U concentrations when water column concentrations were at the WQGV. In this work, the effect of U counter ions and dissolved organic carbon on uranium speciation was modelled and demonstrated a high affinity for the formation of uranyl-organic complexes. Uranium partitioning was studied using experimental U-spiked sediment data as well as water/sediment data collected from multiple sites on and adjacent to the RPA. Using a Freundlich isotherm, and a water-column U concentration of 2.8µg L−1 (representing the WQGV), the acid-extractable U in sediment was calculated to be 48mg kg−1, i.e. lower than the interim sediment quality guideline value (SQGV) of 94mg kg−1. This offers assurance that a WQGV implementation of 2.8µg L−1 U will not lead to a level of U accumulation in sediment that will impact benthic communities.
The effect of electrical muscle stimulation on quadriceps muscle strength and activation patterns in healthy young adults
Authors: Nishikawa Yuichi , Watanabe Kohei , Takahashi Tetsuya , Maeda Noriaki , Maruyama Hirofumi , Kimura Hiroaki
Published: October 2020

The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) on the spatial distribution pattern of electromyographic activity in healthy young adults using multi‐channel surface electromyography (SEMG). A total of 32 men (age = 21–26 years) were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 18) and control group (n = 14). Participants in the intervention group performed EMS to stimulate the bilateral lower limb muscle for four weeks (20 min/3 days/week). The control group received no EMS intervention. To understand the effects of EMS, the following measurements were made at baseline and four weeks: knee extension torque, muscle mass, and spatial distribution of neuromuscular activation during a target torques [10%, 30%, 50%, and 70% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)] using multi‐channel SEMG. The knee extension torque was significantly increased in intervention group compared with control group (p < 0.0001). However, the muscle mass did not show a significant difference between pre and post intervention in each group. The muscle activation patterns of 50% and 70% MVC task showed significant enhancement between baseline and four weeks in the intervention group. Furthermore, a moderate correlation between Δ knee extension torque and Δ spatial distribution pattern of electromyographic activity of 50% and 70% MVC in the intervention group was observed. These results suggested EMS intervention induced different distribution of muscle activity at high‐intensity muscle contraction compared with low‐intensity muscle contraction.
The S-content-dependent lattice structure evolution and bandgap modulation in quaternary MgZnOS alloy films
Authors: Cheng Hailing , Li Lei , Wang Yang , Lu Yinmei , Zhang Zaoli , Li Mingkai , Klar Peter J , He Yunbin
Published: October 2020

Bandgap engineering of ZnO by alloy formation is of great importance for its application in modern optoelectronic devices. Herein, Mg and S co-substituted quaternary Mg0.12Zn0.88O1−y
S
y
(MgZnOS) alloy films with various S content were grown on c-plane sapphire by pulsed laser deposition using a Mg0.12Zn0.88O0.18S0.82 ceramic target under various O2 partial pressures. The S-content-dependent phase structure evolution and S solubility limits in single-phase MgZnOS alloys were determined, and the correlation of lattice constants and band gap with the S content of the single-phase MgZnOS was quantitatively established. It turns out that the MgZnOS films grow quasi-epitaxially on c-sapphire with a wurtzite structure, which evolves intricately with varying S content. The S-rich MgZnOS films assume both lattice constants and in-plane orientation similar to those of ZnS. With decreasing S content, the alloy lattice first contracts along the out-of-plane direction, then shrinks in-plane, and partly re-orients by 30° in-plane, eventually approaching ZnO for the O-rich MgZnOS films. S content (y
S) achieved in the single-phase O-rich and S-rich Mg0.12Zn0.88O1−y
S
y
films is y
S ⩽ 0.33 and y
S ⩾ 0.67, respectively, far beyond the S solubility limits in the counterpart ternary ZnOS. While phase separation of MgZnO and MgZnS takes place in the films with S content between 0.34–0.65, in-plane domain separation with mutual rotation by 30° occurs in the O-rich single-phase MgZnOS films with y
S ⩽ 0.08. Moreover, for the O-rich single-phase MgZnOS films, the lattice constant c expands linearly while a remains almost invariant with increasing S content. The band gap of MgZnOS is nonlinearly adjustable in the range of 3.13–3.66 eV, with a bowing parameter (∼1.89 eV) smaller than that of ZnOS (∼3.0 eV). The S-content-dependent evolutions of both lattice constants and band gap of MgZnOS differ distinctly from those of ZnOS, indicating bright prospects for synergistic Mg and S co-substitution in the effective modulation of both structure and band gap of ZnO to meet specific applications.
Order parameter focalization and critical temperature enhancement in synthetic networks of superconducting islands
Authors: Romeo Francesco
Published: October 2020

A generalization of the de Gennes–Alexander micronetworks theory is presented. In this framework, the phase transition of synthetic networks of superconducting islands is described by means of a Ginzburg–Landau approach adapted to the case of granular systems. The general implications of the theory are carefully explained. As a specific example, we demonstrate that star networks support the exponential localization of the order parameter accompanied by an enhancement of the critical temperature of the system. These findings contribute to clarify the physics of the phase transitions in synthetic networks of Josephson-coupled superconducting islands.
Frequency noise measurement and its uncertainty estimation of an optical frequency comb using a delay line interferometer
Authors: Wada Masato , Hong Feng-Lei , Inaba Hajime
Published: October 2020

We describe frequency noise measurements for an optical frequency comb by using a delayed self-heterodyne method with a Michelson-type fiber-optic delay line interferometer without a low-noise reference laser. We measured the frequency noise power spectral densities (PSDs) for free-running and frequency-stabilized comb modes and estimated the uncertainties of the measurement results. For example, for the frequency-stabilized comb, the measured frequency noise PSD and its uncertainty were 23 dBHz2 Hz−2 and 0.66 dB, respectively, at a Fourier frequency of 10 kHz. We also measured the frequency noise PSDs of the comb modes by the conventional method using an ultrastable reference laser and compared the results with those that we measured with the delayed self-heterodyne method. The measurement results that we obtained with the two methods were consistent within their uncertainties, which shows that the delayed self-heterodyne method provides high reliability. This combined with its simplicity and user-friendliness suggest that the method has the potential to become a standard frequency noise measurement approach for frequency combs.
A design framework for the fabrication of a low-cost goniometer apparatus for contact angle and surface tension measurements
Authors: Sow Pradeep Kumar , Y Ashwin
Published: October 2020

In recent years, an increasing number of reported studies and technological applications have relied on controlling the wetting behavior at the solid–liquid interface. In order to study wetting behavior, the contact angle based on the sessile droplet method and the surface tension using the pendant droplet method are the most widely used metrics, which are conventionally obtained using a goniometer. However, commercial goniometers are usually expensive. making them inaccessible to those under budget constraints. Focussing on how to design and fabricate goniometer setups in-house, we establish here a design framework based on the essential requirements and experimentally validate the use of the fabricated goniometers for the measurement of contact angle and surface tension. Specifically, a functionality-centric approach has been adopted, instead of component-centric, so that goniometers can be made with available components and low-cost substitutes that are capable of serving similar functionalities. Based on these requirements, we present two low-cost goniometer designs fabricated in-house with locally and easily available components. The construction materials and components for the two in-house built goniometers are different, while they serve similar functionalities which were identified as a part of the design framework. The two goniometers fabricated in-house are extremely low cost, with the overall cost of both the goniometers being less than 160 USD. The performance of the goniometers was successfully validated by evaluating and comparing the contact angle and surface tension values with those of a commercial system. Such low-cost goniometer prototypes can serve the technological needs of research labs as well as in imparting practical learning about surface science in classroom settings.
Numerical and experimental investigations on the total-variation regularization method of temperature distribution reconstruction in acoustic tomography
Authors: Zhou Hao , Yan Jiafeng
Published: October 2020

Acoustic tomography (AT) is considered to be a non-intrusive and effective method of obtaining temperature distribution information. The reconstruction method is crucial to obtaining reliable results of AT measurement. This paper presents a new method of reconstructing the temperature field in a measuring domain. Numerical simulations and experimental studies are conducted in this paper to validate the performance and robustness of the proposed method. In addition, it is compared to the other acknowledged regularization methods in inverse problems. The reconstruction time is also discussed to explore the feasibility of performing the construction procedure in real time. The numerical results indicate that the proposed method has better performance than other regularization methods for different temperature distributions. Moreover, it shows better anti-noise ability in the condition that the time-of-flight is contaminated by noise. The experimental reconstruction results of these reconstruction methods are compared against thermocouple measurements, showing that the proposed method has superior reconstruction performance in most cases. Therefore it may serve as a promising reference for quality improvement of temperature distribution reconstruction in AT.
Computational analysis of the evolution of the brittle-to-ductile transition of tungsten under fusion conditions
Authors: Vrielink M A Oude , van Dommelen J A W , Geers M G D
Published: October 2020

Tungsten components inside fusion reactors are subjected to extreme conditions, including an exceptionally high heat flux. This loading induces high stress levels, that may lead to brittle fracture. The current work aims to provide novel insights by relating the risk for brittle fracture to the tungsten microstructure and loadings conditions. To this end, a crystal plasticity framework is adopted with a temperature dependent slip resistance. The required parameters are obtained from experimental data in the literature. The risk for brittle fracture is assessed by means of Beremin’s weakest-link theory. The brittle-to-ductile transition temperature (BDTT) found in literature can be accurately described with the presented framework. The simulation results reveal that the BDTT decreases linearly with the volume fraction of recrystallized grains in the microstructure. It is also shown that a sharp interface between rolled and recrystallized microscopic grains is more favourable in terms of risk for brittle fracture.
Characteristics of cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene in giant clam from Wakatobi National Park Waters, Indonesia
Authors: Findra M N , Setyobudiandi I , Solihin D D , Butet N A
Published: October 2020

Characteristic of cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in giant clam from Wakatobi National Park Waters was studied to detect the specific nucleotide and show the relationship among species of giant clams. Sample collection was conducted around Wangi-wangi, Kaledupa, and Tomia waters. Genomic DNA was extracted from clam mantle tissue of two generas, and amplified by PCR method. We obtained nucleotide size of 522 bp for genus Tridacna (T. crocea, T. maxima) and 708 bp for genus Hippopus (H. hippopus). There were 52 specific nucleotide for the clams (included T. gigas and T. squamosa from GenBank data). T. crocea, T. gigas, T. squamosa, T. maxima, and H. hippopus had 2, 3, 9, 2, and 36 sites, respectively. Reconstruction phylogenetic tree using Neighbour Joining of 476 bp COI gene sequences showed that all species of giant clams were monophyletic.
Biological aspect of mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus Cuvier, 1833) in Prigi waters Trenggalek Regency East Java Indonesia
Authors: Bintoro G , Lelono T D , Ningtyas D P
Published: October 2020

Mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) is one of the dominant catches in the Java Sea. Sustainability of Makarel scad resources (D. macarellus) needs to be maintained and managed optimally and sustainably. This research was conducted in Prigi Waters, Trenggalek East Java. starting December 2018 to September 2019 which aims to identify biological aspect and food composition of Mackerel scad (D. macarellus). The method used in this study is descriptive and uses a random sampling method. 1610 fish samples. Acquisition of Total length (TL) mackerel scad (D.macarellus) ranges from 16.8-35 cm and weighs between 42-328 grams. The Growth Pattern on (D. macarellus) is negative Alometric with the equation W =0.0163L 2.8447. The ratio of male and female is 1: 1 The Gonad somatic index\value is 1.41%. The value of Lm Female is 25,70 cm Lm male 25,92 cm and the value of Lc is 26,68 cm. L∞ Growth Parameter = 38.73, K = 0.77, to = -0.194 years. The composition of mackerel scad in total sampling seen from the index of preponderance consisted of Zooplankton 51% (arthropods, molluscs, cnidaria, annelida, chordata) and 49% phytoplankton (ochrophyta, bacillarophyta, chlorophyta, cyanobacteria, protozoa, ciliopora, cyanophyta)
Nutritional composition and alginate characteristics of Sargassum polycystum (C. Agardh, 1824) growth in Sebesi island coastal, Lampung-Indonesia
Authors: Sumandiarsa I K , Bengen D G , Santoso J , Januar H I
Published: October 2020

Macro and micro-nutrient as well as alginate characteristics from Sargassum polycystum (C. Agardh, 1824) brown seaweed growth in Sebesi Island were investigated. Gravimetry was used to determine the macro nutrients and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) to identify the micro nutrients. While, alginate extraction followed the acid extraction protocol, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was utilized to determine M/G ratio. The results of this research showed a descending percentage of macro nutrients as follows: Carbohydrate > Ash > Moisture > Crude Fibre > Protein > Fat. The descending presence of micro nutrients was: Manganese (Mn)> Barium (Ba)> Zinc (Zn)> Iron (Fe)> Copper (Cu)> Selenium (Se)> Molybdenum (Mo). The yields of extracted alginate were high (24.18–29.59%) and consisted of high moisture and an ash content of 12.16 ± 0.4 and 24.37 ± 0.5 respectively. The pH was 7.28 ± 0.05, the viscosity 195.7 ± 8.4, whiteness and gel strength were about 58.19 ± 0.6 and 60.23 ± 0.7. The ratio of Maluronate and Guluronate (M/G) blocks varied between 1.04-1.48. Based on the results of the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), the main character of alginates such as the M/G ratio and the gel strength could be associated with variations in the composition of DO and ammonia, while viscosity was related to variations of nitrate and phosphate. It can be concluded that the growth of S. polycystum on the coast of Sebesi Island can be recommended as alginate resource with robust quality.
The condition of economical important coral reef fishes in eastern and western small outer island Indonesia
Authors: Putra R D , Siringirongo R M , Makatipu P C , Abrar M , Hukom F D , Purnamsari N W , Nurhasim  , Hadi T A
Published: October 2020

More than three months of cumulative comprehensive studied we conducted to evaluate coral reef fishes composition in Eastern Indonesia Region (Liki Island) and Western Indonesia Region (Natuna Island) of small outer Island (SOI) Indonesia. There is a fundamental problem in the ecological function of the coral reef ecosystem and the potential of economically important reef fishes in small outer Island Indonesia. Several obstructions become an essential problem, including the location of SOI, which is far from the mainland with a lack of surveillance and monitoring; consequently, the coral ecosystem and its coral reef fishes are threatened. Overfishing and destructive fishing are the major problems reported in several locations on the outermost island. Both anthropogenic stressors cause degraded coral ecosystems and give the loss specific species of marine species, especially in economically important coral reef fishes that primary target for fisheries. The latest and continuous time series data is essential as necessary information to arrange the appropriate and sustainable policies in Small outer islands, especially in protected the ecosystem from ecological extinction. The main goal of our study is to evaluate the potential of economic coral reef fishes with analysis of two families of fundamental economic and targeted fisheries: groupers (Serranidae) and snapper (Lutjanidae) in eastern and western small outer island Indonesia. The data were collected in each six site location in both eastern and western region SOI using Underwater Visual Census (UVC) technique. Four parameters, including species richness, abundance, biomass, and indices of economic coral reef fishes (Shannon, Evenness, Simpson, and ENS), were compared between the eastern region (Liki) to the Western region (Natuna) with Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric statistical analysis and internal Pairwise Wilcoxon analysis. The eastern region (Liki) recorded higher fish richness, abundance, and biomass than the western region (Natuna) (p< 0.05). Comparisons with ecological indices shown in the eastern region SOI (Liki) had a more diverse economic important coral reef fishes than western region SOI (Natuna). Understanding the composition of economically important coral reef fish in SOI will reveal more about the condition of the ecological function of the coral ecosystem and their vulnerability to future changes.
Vulnerability of Java Sea marine protected areas affected by marine debris
Authors: Purba N P , Faizal I , Abimanyu A , Zenyda K S , Jaelani A , Indriawan D , Priadhi M M , Martasuganda M K
Published: October 2020

Marine Protected Areas (MPA) is an area that potentially poses stress from outside such as human activities and ocean pollution. One of the global issues that threat ecosystems include MPA is ocean debris. The aim of this paper is to assess vulnerability of MPA based on the trajectory of debris affected by oceanographic condition. Three MPAs were chosen in the Java Sea region including: Seribu Islands National Parks, Biawak Island Conservation Area, and Karimunjawa Islands National Parks. The data provided by The Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model surface current and Global Forecast System surface wind were used to determine the trajectory of the debris. We simulate the ocean condition in two monsoons. The results showed that debris floating around the MPAs have a potential of reaching beaches inside the MPAs and have different patterns between the monsoon. Furthermore, in Seribu Islands and Karimunjawa Islands which are designated as National Parks, the debris managed to land in the most crucial zones, Core Zone and Buffer Zone. Modelling of marine debris, such as the one used in this study can be used to inform authorities regarding the landing points of floating debris to create better management decisions in battling global marine debris issues.
A dynamic simulation of mangrove ecotourism management at the Lantebung of Makassar City
Authors: Massiseng A N A , Tuwo A , Fachry M E , Bahar A
Published: October 2020

Mangrove ecotourism is one of the important tourism in the coastal area. Mangrove ecosystems not only have physical and biological functions, but also have socioeconomic functions, including tourism potential. Utilization of mangrove areas to be ecotourism areas is an alternative that is very likely and high strategic, considering that ecotourism activities can encourage conservation of mangrove ecosystems as a buffer zone in coastal areas in particular. This study aims to formulate a model of mangrove ecotourism management in Lantebung of Makassar City. The study was conducted with a dynamic system approach with Powersim software (student version). The study location is at Lantebung of Makassar City, especially in mangrove area. Data collection, consist of; literature study, interviews and field observations. The results study obtained two dynamic model scenarios related to the management of the Lantebung mangrove eco-tourism, it’s known that the optimal level of management that can be done now is to encourage better tourism promotion. This can be seen from the dynamic model results obtained that scenario-2 (the strategy to increase tourism promotion is 10%) is more optimal than scenario-1 (the strategy to increase community empowerment is 10%). Even though the aspect of mangrove conservation scenario-1 is better where it can increase the extent of existing mangroves (20 Ha) to 28.54 Ha or an increase about is 42.70%. Whereas the mangrove scenarios only increased to 25.25 Ha or increased about is 26.25% in the same period. While from the economic aspect, the scenario-2 is able to generate income from ecotourism of 620.25 million, and scenario-1 only produces 588.81 million in the next 30 years.
Feed efficiency in the growth of humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis with prebiotics dietary modulation
Authors: Pattipeiluhu S M , Loupatty J W , Pattipeilohy Ch E , Sambonu R W
Published: October 2020

Energy for fish to carry on with its biological activities and growth comes from food that they eat. In artificial diets, protein become the most expensive source of energy so it is necessary to keep the proportion of protein down to the optimum levels for good growth and feed conversion. In another study, prebiotics resulted in good growth of fish using a manufactured prebiotic supplement. Ideally, we want food material available all year, inexpensive and not be in competition with food material for human consumption. In this study, food formulation with prebiotics made from local products were prepared for fish food. In this study sago was the source of carbohydrates, mackerel and land snails were the source of protein. The formulation was fed to humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis to study the effectiveness on its growth. Ninety humpback groupers (size 9-9.5 cm, weight 10 – 11 g) were reared in 3 fiberglass tanks for four weeks. Each tank had 30 fish, first tank as control without sago and the two tanks with sago in dietary prebiotic pellet. Length and weight gain were recorded every week then growth performance of fish were assessed in the form of Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Food Conversion Ratio (FCR), weight gain daily and length-weight relationship. Food proximate test were carried out separately in the Integrated Chemistry Laboratory, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Data analysis showed a significant difference in the growth performance of humpback grouper through the values of SGR, FCR and average growth daily, between treatment A and B (with sago) and treatment C (control, zero sago). The proximate test displayed lower protein in treatment A (57.95%) and B (55.95%) but higher in treatment C (59.37%), in the contrary to carbohydrate for treatment A (27.80%), treatment B (26%) and treatment C (22.98%).
The distribution of reef fish in Ternate Island, North Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Ahmad A , Fahrudin A , Boer M , Kamal M M , Wardiatno Y
Published: October 2020

Reef fish is a constituent component for coral reef ecosystems, so it is very important to identify the distribution of reef fish species. This study aims to assess the number of reef fish species, diversity, abundance, recruitment, and frequency of size. The results showed that the number of reef fish species on Ternate Island was 42 families, 109 genera, and 265 species. The high level of diversity is 3.57 - 4.79 with an abundance of 8 - 28 ind.m−2. The addition of new individuals to the population both due to reproduction and migration of 16.26 - 51.72%, the size-frequency of reef fish based on the size of the first time the gonads mature (Lm) is 45.00 - 70.00% of the total population of reef fish.
Ridge waveguides in Yb3+-doped silicate glass fabricated by combination of proton implantation and femtosecond laser ablation
Authors: Bai Jing , Long Xuewen , Li Ji , Liu Chunxiao
Published: October 2020

Ridge waveguides were fabricated in Yb3+-doped silicate glass by proton implantation combined with the femtosecond laser ablation. The Yb3+-doped silicate glass were implanted by H+ ions with the double-energy (470 keV + 500 keV) at a total dose of 3 × 1016 ions cm−2 for the formation of planar waveguides. After annealing at 260 °C, the double-line modification tracks, which provide lateral confinement of light to form ridge waveguide structures, were inscribed on the surface of sample with 3 μJ pulse laser energy, 50 μm s−1 scan speed, and 25 μm separation. The vacancy distribution of the original planar waveguide structure induced by the proton implantation was numerically calculated by the SRIM 2013. The near-field intensity distribution of the waveguide was measured by the end-face coupling system, which shows that the light can be well confined in the ridge waveguide. The micro-fluorescence features have been found well preserved in the waveguide region. This work indicates that the ridge waveguide fabricated by laser ablation assisted proton implantation in Yb3+-doped silicate glass has an important potential as an active waveguide device in optical fiber communication and all-optical communication.
In situ and operando characterisation techniques for solid oxide electrochemical cells: recent advances
Authors: Stangl Alexander , Muñoz-Rojas David , Burriel Mónica
Published: October 2020

Oxygen activity and surface stability are two key parameters in the search for advanced materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide electrochemical cells, as overall device performance depends critically on them. In particular in situ and operando characterisation techniques have accelerated the understanding of degradation processes and the identification of active sites, motivating the design and synthesis of improved, nanoengineered materials. In this short topical review we report on the latest developments of various sophisticated in situ and operando characterization techniques, including transmission and scanning electron microscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and synchrotron-based x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy, among others. We focus on their use in three emerging topics, namely: (i) the analysis of general electrochemical reactions and the surface defect chemistry of electrode materials; (ii) the evolution of electrode surfaces achieved by nanoparticle exsolution for enhanced oxygen activity and (iii) the study of surface degradation caused by Sr segregation, leading to reduced durability. For each of these topics we highlight the most remarkable examples recently published. We anticipate that ongoing improvements in the characterisation techniques and especially a complementary use of them by multimodal approaches will lead to improved knowledge of operando processes, hence allowing a significant advancement in cell performance in the near future.
Assessment of pharmacy technician learning preferences and implications for training
Authors: Stanley Erin R , Hafford Amanda , Naseman Ryan , Li Junan , Worley Marcia , Mehta Bella H
Published: October 2020

Purpose

To assess pharmacy technician learning preferences using the VARK tool and through self-identification.

Methods

The VARK (visual, aural, read/write, kinesthetic) questionnaire was incorporated into a larger survey, which was distributed during live staff meetings and a continuing education session held by the Ohio Pharmacists Association attended by 204 pharmacy technicians across various practice settings.

Results

A 90% response rate was achieved. Most respondents (78.8%) self-identified a single predominant learning preference, with 60.3% indicating a preference for kinesthetic learning methods. In contrast, after assessment with the VARK questionnaire 37.9% of survey participants were categorized as having a quadmodal learning style incorporating all VARK modalities. With regard to the Pharmacy Technician Certification Exam, a large majority of participants (96.2% of those providing a response) indicated that they had taken the exam in the past, with 17 participants (9.3% of those providing a response) indicating more than 1 attempt to pass the exam. Furthermore, experiential (on-the-job) training was identified by a large majority of survey respondents (79.3%) as the preferred way to learn new information.

Conclusion

Learning preferences of pharmacy technicians vary amongst individuals, with many found to have multiple learning preferences through VARK questionnaire assessment. Incorporating experiential training and establishing learning preferences of pharmacy technicians may aid in development of accredited training programs that cater to the needs of pharmacy technicians.