bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARE TIDAL EFFECTS RESPONSIBLE FOR EXOPLANETARY SPIN–ORBIT ALIGNMENT?
Authors: Li Gongjie , Winn Joshua N.
Published: February 2016

The obliquities of planet-hosting stars are clues about the formation of planetary systems. Previous observations led to the hypothesis that for close-in giant planets, spin–orbit alignment is enforced by tidal interactions. Here, we examine two problems with this hypothesis. First, Mazeh and coworkers recently used a new technique—based on the amplitude of starspot-induced photometric variability—to conclude that spin–orbit alignment is common even for relatively long-period planets, which would not be expected if tides were responsible. We re-examine the data and find a statistically significant correlation between photometric variability and planetary orbital period that is qualitatively consistent with tidal interactions. However it is still difficult to explain quantitatively, as it would require tides to be effective for periods as long as tens of days. Second, Rogers and Lin argued against a particular theory for tidal re-alignment by showing that initially retrograde systems would fail to be re-aligned, in contradiction with the observed prevalence of prograde systems. We investigate a simple model that overcomes this problem by taking into account the dissipation of inertial waves and the equilibrium tide, as well as magnetic braking. We identify a region of parameter space where re-alignment can be achieved, but it only works for close-in giant planets, and requires some fine tuning. Thus, while we find both problems to be more nuanced than they first appeared, the tidal model still has serious shortcomings.
CORONAL MAGNETIC FIELDS DERIVED FROM SIMULTANEOUS MICROWAVE AND EUV OBSERVATIONS AND COMPARISON WITH THE POTENTIAL FIELD MODEL
Authors: Miyawaki Shun , iwai Kazumasa , Shibasaki Kiyoto , Shiota Daikou , Nozawa Satoshi
Published: February 2016

We estimated the accuracy of coronal magnetic fields derived from radio observations by comparing them to potential field calculations and the differential emission measure measurements using EUV observations. We derived line-of-sight components of the coronal magnetic field from polarization observations of the thermal bremsstrahlung in the NOAA active region 11150, observed around 3:00 UT on 2011 February 3 using the Nobeyama Radioheliograph at 17 GHz. Because the thermal bremsstrahlung intensity at 17 GHz includes both chromospheric and coronal components, we extracted only the coronal component by measuring the coronal emission measure in EUV observations. In addition, we derived only the radio polarization component of the corona by selecting the region of coronal loops and weak magnetic field strength in the chromosphere along the line of sight. The upper limits of the coronal longitudinal magnetic fields were determined as 100–210 G. We also calculated the coronal longitudinal magnetic fields from the potential field extrapolation using the photospheric magnetic field obtained from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager. However, the calculated potential fields were certainly smaller than the observed coronal longitudinal magnetic field. This discrepancy between the potential and the observed magnetic field strengths can be explained consistently by two reasons: (1) the underestimation of the coronal emission measure resulting from the limitation of the temperature range of the EUV observations, and (2) the underestimation of the coronal magnetic field resulting from the potential field assumption.
MAGNETIC FLUX SUPPLEMENT TO CORONAL BRIGHT POINTS
Authors: Mou Chaozhou , Huang Zhenghua , Xia Lidong , Madjarska Maria S. , Li Bo , Fu Hui , Jiao Fangran , Hou Zhenyong
Published: February 2016

Coronal bright points (BPs) are associated with magnetic bipolar features (MBFs) and magnetic cancellation. Here we investigate how BP-associated MBFs form and how the consequent magnetic cancellation occurs. We analyze longitudinal magnetograms from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager to investigate the photospheric magnetic flux evolution of 70 BPs. From images taken in the 193 Å passband of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) we dermine that the BPs’ lifetimes vary from 2.7 to 58.8 hr. The formation of the BP MBFs is found to involve three processes, namely, emergence, convergence, and local coalescence of the magnetic fluxes. The formation of an MBF can involve more than one of these processes. Out of the 70 cases, flux emergence is the main process of an MBF buildup of 52 BPs, mainly convergence is seen in 28, and 14 cases are associated with local coalescence. For MBFs formed by bipolar emergence, the time difference between the flux emergence and the BP appearance in the AIA 193 Å passband varies from 0.1 to 3.2 hr with an average of 1.3 hr. While magnetic cancellation is found in all 70 BPs, it can occur in three different ways: (I) between an MBF and small weak magnetic features (in 33 BPs); (II) within an MBF with the two polarities moving toward each other from a large distance (34 BPs); (III) within an MBF whose two main polarities emerge in the same place simultaneously (3 BPs). While an MBF builds up the skeleton of a BP, we find that the magnetic activities responsible for the BP heating may involve small weak fields.
TESTS OF THE EINSTEIN EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE USING TeV BLAZARS
Authors: Wei Jun-Jie , Wang Jie-Shuang , Gao He , Wu Xue-Feng
Published: February 2016

The observed time delays between different energy bands from TeV blazars provide a new, interesting way of testing the Einstein Equivalence Principle (EEP). If the whole time delay is assumed to be dominated by the gravitational field of the Milky Way, the conservative upper limit on the EEP can be estimated. Here, we show that the strict limits on the differences of the parameterized post-Newtonian parameter γ values are

for Mrk 421 and

for Mrk 501, while expanding the scope of the tested EEP energy range out to the TeV–keV range for the first time. With the small time lag from the 0.2–0.8 TeV and >0.8 TeV light curves of PKS 2155-304, a much more severe constraint on γ differences of ∼10−6 can be achieved, although the energy difference is of the order of ∼TeV. Furthermore, we can combine these limits on the energy dependence of γ with the bound on the absolute γ value

from light deflection measurements at the optical (eV) bands, and conclude that this absolute bound on γ can be extended from optical to TeV energies.
IMPRINTS OF RADIAL MIGRATION ON THE MILKY WAY’S METALLICITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS
Authors: Loebman Sarah R. , Debattista Victor P. , Nidever David L. , Hayden Michael R. , Holtzman Jon A. , Clarke Adam J. , Roškar Rok , Valluri Monica
Published: February 2016

Recent analysis of the SDSS-III/Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) Data Release 12 stellar catalog has revealed that the Milky Way’s (MW) metallicity distribution function (MDF) changes shape as a function of radius, transitioning from being negatively skewed at small Galactocentric radii to positively skewed at large Galactocentric radii. Using a high-resolution, N-body+SPH simulation, we show that the changing skewness arises from radial migration—metal-rich stars form in the inner disk and subsequently migrate to the metal-poorer outer disk. These migrated stars represent a large fraction (

) of the stars in the outer disk; they populate the high-metallicity tail of the MDFs and are, in general, more metal-rich than the surrounding outer disk gas. The simulation also reproduces another surprising APOGEE result: the spatially invariant high-[α/Fe] MDFs. This arises in the simulation from the migration of a population formed within a narrow range of radii (3.2 ±1.2 kpc) and time (8.8 ± 0.6 Gyr ago), rather than from spatially extended star formation in a homogeneous medium at early times. These results point toward the crucial role radial migration has played in shaping our MW.
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs for Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Cochrane Review
Authors: Kroon Féline P.B. , van der Burg Lennart R.A. , Ramiro Sofia , Landewé Robert B.M. , Buchbinder Rachelle , Falzon Louise , van der Heijde Désirée
Published: February 2016

Objective.

To determine the benefits and harms of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods.

Systematic review using Cochrane Collaboration methodology. Inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trials (RCT) and quasi-RCT (to June 2014), investigating NSAID versus any control for axSpA, and observational studies of longterm effects (≥ 6 mos) of NSAID on radiographic progression or adverse events. Main outcomes were pain, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, radiographic progression, number of withdrawals because of adverse events, and number of serious adverse events. Risk of bias was assessed.

Results.

Thirty-five RCT, 2 quasi-RCT, and 2 cohort studies were included. Twenty-nine RCT and 2 quasi-RCT (n = 4356) were included in pooled analyses [traditional NSAID vs placebo (n = 5), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) vs placebo (n = 3), COX-2 vs traditional NSAID (n = 4), NSAID vs NSAID (n = 24), naproxen vs other NSAID (n = 3), and low- vs high-dose NSAID (n = 5)]. Compared with placebo, both traditional and COX-2 NSAID were consistently more efficacious at 6 weeks and equally safe after 12 weeks. No significant differences in benefits or harms between the 2 NSAID classes and no important differences in benefits or withdrawals because of adverse events between different NSAID were found, especially if studies with high risk of bias were excluded. Single studies suggest NSAID may retard radiographic progression, especially by continuous rather than on-demand NSAID use.

Conclusion.

High-quality evidence indicates that both traditional and COX-2 NSAID are efficacious for treating axSpA, and harms are not different from placebo in the short term. Various NSAID are equally effective.
Montrer la violence des femmes
Authors: Desbarats Carole
Published: February 2016

La représentation de violences exercées par des femmes s’est banalisée sur nos écrans. Ces figures féminines violentes font pendant à des héros masculins qui ne cachent plus leur vulnérabilité. Salutaire émancipation à l’égard de clichés éculés, elles témoignent surtout d’une période troublée.
Une période de grande turbulence
Authors: Mongin Olivier
Published: February 2016

Dans le contexte de la globalisation, l’histoire récente nous permet de rejeter la thèse d’une pacification des sociétés par l’État. Nous assistons plutôt, à côté de la prolifération des violences civiles, à une multiplication de violences hétérogènes, de la part d’États sécuritaires et de criminels déterritorialisés, qui déstabilisent les démocraties.
La violence sans fin
Authors: Fœssel Michaël
Published: February 2016

Alors qu’au début de la modernité, les violences étaient assignées à des fins historiques, notre époque ne sait plus convertir des violences qui se perpétuent pour elles-mêmes, sans lien avec la politique. Pouvons-nous encore leur opposer l’exercice collectif et libre du pouvoir ? La technicisation de l’armement nous confronte à des violences intolérables, dépolitisées et interminables.
Que dit Mein Kampf ?
Authors: Zehnpfennig Barbara , Schlegel Jean-Louis
Published: February 2016

Pour Hitler, la nation allemande est menacée par le marxisme, qui est l’instrument politique de la race juive. Le texte de Mein Kampf , dont l’auteur dégage la cohérence, permet de comprendre les ressorts de l’idéologie hitlérienne de la lutte contre l’ennemi juif.
Pour une édition critique de Mein Kampf
Authors: Wirsching Andreas , Schlegel Jean-Louis
Published: February 2016

Alors que Mein Kampf entre dans le domaine public, il est nécessaire d’en publier une édition critique pour le constituer en document historique et corriger des indications biographiques trompeuses. Cela pose toutefois des problèmes liés à l’influence du texte sur l’extrême droite et à la sensibilité des victimes.
La référence problématique dans les récits de voyage : un observatoire pour une conception modulaire de la nomination
Authors: Guérin Olivia
Published: February 2016

Cette étude part de l’analyse d’un corpus de récits de voyage, où la nomination est présentée par les énonciateurs comme fondamentalement problématique, pour évaluer les apports respectifs de deux ensembles d’approches théoriques, la sémantique référentielle de la dénomination, d’une part, les approches discursives de la nomination, d’autre part. La spécificité de la contribution réside dans une approche modulaire articulant les trois dimensions de la langue, du texte et du discours, et tenant compte autant des procédures référentielles ad hoc construites en contexte que des phénomènes de sémiotisation institués par les formes dénominatives.
La nomination identitaire : de l’inapproprié aux réappropriations
Authors: Richard Arnaud , Fauré Laurent
Published: February 2016

Nous poserons d’abord la nomination identitaire comme un acte de nomination spécifique avec un renforcement de la dimension expressive du point de vue dans l’acte de nomination et dans l’ethos de l’énonciateur. Notre étude s’applique à des corpus récents accessibles via les réseaux sociaux (Twitter, Facebook) et aux discours qu’ils exhibent. Nous observons les publications de messages d’humeur ou commentaires (tweets) et les noms de groupes virtuels qui rassemblent à partir d’un dénominateur commun (ici une apparence ou une appartenance voire une affiliation). En prenant soin de distinguer les productions interreliées d’auto-nomination, d’hétéro-nomination, nous analysons la mise en mot de l’identité dite « métisse », pour certains « hybrides », avec des actualisations comme Métis(se) , Mulâtre(sse) , Chinoir(e) , etc. Notre approche vise à questionner, d’une part, la légitimité de l’usage de certaines dénominations constitutives, entre autres, de phénomènes métadiscursifs de gloses et, d’autre part, les débats sur les emplois de termes ciblés.
Capitalisme néo-managérial de grandes entreprises et leurs réseaux régionaux de PME : à propos de la financiarisation de l’économie française
Authors: Guillas-Cavan Kevin
Published: February 2016

Le capitalisme français, loin d’avoir imité les pratiques anglo-saxonnes comme une lecture superficielle de ses transformations pourrait le laisser penser, demeure caractérisé par des traits étatistes, patrimoniaux et managériaux. S’il est coordonné, c’est d’une manière originale, très différente du capitalisme rhénan traditionnel où l’ensemble des entreprises de taille similaire étaient liées par des réseaux très denses de participations croisées et où l’ensemble de ces réseaux étaient coordonnés par trois grandes banques, elles-mêmes très liées. Le capitalisme français offre le spectacle d’une économie de réseaux régionaux autonomes organisés autour d’une grande entreprise qui, malgré les apparences, ne s’est pas recentrée sur son cœur de métier pour extraire de la valeur en pressurant ses sous-traitants, mais qui, parallèlement à ce mouvement, a entrepris de moderniser « ses » PME et ETI. Nous montrerons ainsi que le capitalisme français n’est ni un capitalisme libéral entravé par des reliquats d’étatisme à vouer aux gémonies, ni un capitalisme mal-coordonné, mais bien un système singulier et efficace sur le long terme en termes d’investissements et, dans une moindre mesure, d’innovation.
Unaugmented Muscle Union Surgery for Heavy Eye Syndrome Without Combined Medial Rectus Recession
Authors: Bansal Shveta , Marsh Ian B.
Published: February 2016

Purpose:

Simple loop myopexy or retro-equitorial muscle union surgery has been shown to effectively treat the strabismus seen in heavy eye syndrome. In most cases, this has been described with combined recession of the medial rectus muscle, particularly where medial rectus contracture was demonstrated on forced duction testing intraoperatively. The authors report the outcomes of muscle union surgery alone without combined medial rectus recession in 29 eyes with heavy eye syndrome.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted of 26 patients and 29 eyes with heavy eye syndrome treated with a simple loop myopexy procedure. The preoperative and postoperative deviations in primary position were measured along with restriction in ocular motility in abduction and elevation. Patients with residual esotropia and/or persistence of symptoms were offered a second-stage medial rectus recession procedure.

Results:

In 21 patients, muscle union was sufficient in improving the diplopia or cosmetic appearance of the eyes. In these cases, the average preoperative deviation improved from 21.2 ± 16.3 to 5.5 ± 9.1 prism diopters (PD). Eight eyes went on to have a second-stage medial rectus recession with excellent outcomes.

Conclusions:

The authors found that muscle union surgery alone is an effective and successful procedure in restoring the ocular motility disturbance and also in treating heavy eye syndrome. There was a much lower incidence (up to 70% lower) of medial rectus recession than other similar case series. There were no cases of overcorrection and no complications.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabisumus
. 2016;53(1):40–43.]
Macular Thickness Following Strabismus Surgery as Determined by Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Mintz Hilla Reiss , Waisbourd Michael , Kessner Rivka , Stolovitch Chaim , Dotan Gad , Neudorfer Meira
Published: February 2016

Purpose:

To investigate macular changes following strabismus surgery by using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods:

The authors prospectively evaluated 60 eyes of 30 patients undergoing unilateral extraocular muscle surgery. OCT measurements employing the fast macular thickness mapping protocol were performed 1 day prior to surgery and 1 day postoperatively. Postoperative macular changes in the study eye that was operated on (n = 30) were compared with the fellow control eye (n = 30, controls).

Results:

There was an increase in mean ± standard deviation central foveal thickness (CFT) in the operated eyes, from 201.63 ± 18.36 µm at baseline to 206.03 ± 22.73 µm postoperatively (
P
= .024). Preoperative and postoperative perifoveal outer temporal quadrant thicknesses were 220.10 ± 16.23 and 225.80 ± 14.78 µm, respectively (
P
= .009). There were no differences between preoperative and postoperative retinal thickness measurements for all measured areas in the control eyes. Eyes that underwent surgery involving the rectus muscles showed a trend toward a greater CFT increase compared with eyes that had oblique muscle surgery (
P
= .070).

Conclusions:

The authors found subclinical increases in the foveal and perifoveal macular thicknesses following extraocular muscle surgery. These findings could be attributed to change in the mechanical forces caused by the new position of the extraocular muscles and transmitted via the sclera or, alternatively, to postoperative inflammation and alterations in the blood–retinal barrier. The clinical implications of these findings remain to be clarified.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2016;53(1):11-15.]
Percepciones geográficas de El Greco. Vista y plano de Toledo
Authors: García González Juan Antonio
Published: February 2016

No disponible
Clasificación del paisaje de Huelva (España): Un método objetivo de identificación y caracterización
Authors: Alcántara Manzanares Jorge , Muñoz Álvarez Jesús M.
Published: February 2016

Este estudio trata de clasificar el paisaje de la provincia de Huelva (Andalucía, España) y validar los resultados, mediante una nueva aplicación de métodos multivariantes clásicos en combinación con herramientas SIG. La provincia se dividió en cuadrículas de 1 km x 1 km a las que se asoció la información relativa a cuatro variables perceptibles visualmente: usos del suelo, coberturas vegetales, litología y relieve. Las cuadrículas se clasificaron utilizando el análisis de especies indicadoras de doble vía (TWINSPAN) y se ordenaron mediante el análisis de correspondencia escalado (DCA). El análisis de los resultados dio lugar a 8 tipos de paisaje que se caracterizaron gracias a sus variables indicadoras. Esta clasificación se validó mediante un análisis discriminante, que coincidió en un 80% con la estimación del TWINSPAN.

[fr] Cette étude visait à classer le paysage de la province de Huelva (Andalousie, Espagne) et de valider les résultats, à l’aide d’une nouvelle application de méthodes multivariées classiques avec des outils SIG. La province a été divisée en 1 km x 1 km carrés de la grille dans laquelle l’information a été associée à quatre variables visuellement perceptibles: l’utilisation du sol, la couverture végétale, la lithologie et le relief. Les mailles ont ensuite été classés selon deux voies espèces indicatrices analyse (TWINSPAN) et commandés par l’analyse des correspondances redressée (DCA). L’analyse des résultats a donné 8 types de paysages majeurs qui ont été caractérisées par ses variables indicatrices. Cette classification a été vérifiée par l’analyse discriminante, qui a donné un résultat de 80% à l’estimation TWINSPAN.
Abundancia relativa, frecuencia y riqueza de plantas vasculares a escala local. Metodología de Índices de Ocupación de la Flora (aplicada a La Alcarria Occidental)
Authors: García-Abad Alonso Juan Javier
Published: February 2016

Con objeto de precisar conceptos biogeográficos y conocer la riqueza florística detallada, se presenta un método de inventario a escala local que emplea la cuadrícula U.T.M. de 1x1 km (ED50) como unidad de información básica y la de 10x10 km como territorio de estudio. Se eligen dos cuadrículas pertenecientes a la misma subregión natural (La Alcarria Occidental), pero en sectores diferentes (30TWL02 y 30TVK86), para propiciar su comparación. Los resultados han sido: a) diferenciación de dos contingentes florísticos por razones fenológicas, b) diseño y formulación dos nuevos índices que cuantifican la ocupación de la flora, c) detección de unos altos valores de riqueza (en torno a mil taxones en 100 km2); y d) presentación de un Catálogo de plantas cuya distribución es representable con resolución de 1 km2. La comparación territorial y ordenación de plantas que permiten aquellos índices serán especialmente útiles para efectuar interpretaciones y aplicaciones fitogeográficas bastante afinadas.

[fr] Afin de clarifier concepts biogéographiques et connaître la richesse floristique détaillée, on présente une méthode de rélévé a l’échelle local qui emploie le quadrillage U.T.M. de 1x1 km (ED50) comme unité basique d’information et de 10x10 km comme territoire d’étude. Deux carrés de 10 km de côté qui appartienent à la même région naturelle (“La Alcarria” de l’Ouest) sont choisis, mais situés dans différents secteurs (30TWL02 et 30TVK86) pour faciliter la comparaison. Les résultats ont été les suivants: a) distinction de deux groupements floristiques par differences phénologiques, b) conception et formulation de deux nouveaux indices qui permettent de quantifier l’occupation de la flore, c) détection des chiffres élevés de richesse vasculaire (environ mille taxons dans 100 km2); et d) exposition d’un Catalogue des plantes dont la distribution est représentable avec une résolution de 1 km2. La comparaison territoriale et le rangement des plantes que ceux indices permettent seront très utiles pour faire des interprétations et applications phytogéographiques bien justes.
Índice estandarizado de precipitación (SPI) para la caracterización de sequías meteorológicas en la cuenca del río Dagua-Colombia
Authors: Loaiza Cerón Wilmar , Carvajal Escobar Yesid , Baquero Montoya Olga Lucia
Published: February 2016

El Índice Estandarizado de Precipitación (SPI) caracteriza las sequías meteorológicas de un lugar, mediante la cuantificación del déficit de precipitación en diferentes períodos de tiempo. Valores negativos del SPI representan sequías, mientras valores positivos indican periodos húmedos. Los resultados muestran que los períodos SPI negativos, coinciden con años clasificados como El Niño: 82-83, 91-92 y 97-98, de los cuales, el evento 91-92 presentó los mayores impactos en la región. En general, los resultados indican que las sequías más intensas en la cuenca del Dagua, se presentaron en los trimestres de Dic-Ene-Feb, Ene-Feb-Mar, Jun-Jul-Ago y Jul-Ago-Sep; estos resultados se espacializaron con técnicas geoestadísticas, y son insumo básico para formular estrategias de adaptación y garantizar la soberanía alimentaria de los pequeños agricultores frente a las sequías.

[fr] L’Indice de précipitations normalisé (SPI) caractérise les sécheresses météorologiques d’un lieu, en quantifiant le déficit de précipitations à différentes périodes de temps. Les valeurs négatives de SPI indiquent périodes sécheresse, tandis que les positives indiquent des périodes humides. Les résultats montrent que les périodes SPI négatifs obtenus coïncident avec les années «El Niño». Les années en question sont: 82-83, 91-92 et 97-98. L’événement 91-92 montre le plus grand impact sur la région. Ces résultats suggèrent que les sécheresses les plus sévères touchant le bassin de Dagua ont eu lieu lors des trimestres de décembre-janvier-février, janvier-février-mars, juin-juillet- août et juin-août-septembre. Les résultats ont été obtenus à l’aide des techniques géostatistiques et fournissent des outils de base pour l’élaboration des stratégies d’adaptation afin d’assurer la souveraineté alimentaire des petits agriculteurs contre la sécheresse.
Influencia de la adición de estaño en el proceso de precipitación en una aleación de Cu-Ni-Zn
Authors: Donoso Eduardo C. , Diánez Mª Jesús , Criado José M. , Espinoza Rodrigo , Mosquera Edgar
Published: February 2016

Mediante calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC), medidas de microdureza y microscopía electrónica de transmisión de alta resolución (HRTEM) se estudió la influencia de la adición de 1,1% en peso de estaño en el endurecimiento por precipitación en una aleación de Cu-11Ni-20Zn (% en peso). Las curvas calorimétricas de la aleación ternaria, en el intervalo de temperaturas analizado, muestran la presencia de dos reacciones exotérmicas asociadas al desarrollo de orden de corto alcance, favorecidas por la migración de vacantes. En cambio, en la aleación cuaternaria se observa una reacción exotérmica y una endotérmica, asociadas a la formación y disolución de precipitados de Cu2NiZn, respectivamente. Se ha demostrado que una adición de 1,1% de estaño juega un papel importante en la formación de los precipitados de Cu2NiZn, responsables del endurecimiento por precipitación de la aleación ternaria.
Loyalty Strategy and Social-CRM
Authors: Bahri-Ammari Nedra , Mraidi Slim
Published: February 2016

Always on the lookout for novelty and innovation, companies are using social networks, which now occupy an important place in our daily. Users of social networks constitute a new target for retailers looking to evolve their loyalty programs. Through Facebook or twitter accounts, the company can develop a profile of the user and have an idea regarding their interests... Therefore, companies have a lot of opportunities through social CRM, to communicate, to develop their relationship programs and, in fine, to retain their customer. Although the social CRM is perceived as a business strategy it requires a technology platform, rules, processes and social characteristics. To ensure interaction with these tools, the company should ensure that the consumer adopts them in an abundant manner. This paper aims at examining the emergence of interaction across internet tools, the importance of managing customer relationship through social CRM and the determinants of why consumers adopt these tools by studying the case of Facebook in emerging countries.
Online Service Failure and Recovery Strategy
Authors: Azemi Yllka , Ozuem Wilson
Published: February 2016

The Internet environment has transformed the concepts of service failure and recovery strategies from a dyadic customer-provider focus into a multidimensional web quality scope. In traditional encounters, the research spectrum of service failure and recovery strategies is very much developed from a customer service approach, and the responsibility of recovery has been traditionally assumed to be something that is assigned to the marketer. Studies pay little or no attention to the multidimensional nature of service failures contingent to recovery strategies in the evolving social media. To date, empirical studies have focused on service failures and recovery strategies in online marketing environments, but pay limited attention to social media platforms. This paper aims to provide some insights on the need for a broader conceptualisation of service failure and recovery strategies, incorporating social media platforms for the development of effective marketing communications programme.
The Intersection of Social Media and Customer Retention in the Luxury Beauty Industry
Authors: Stokinger Ellen , Ozuem Wilson
Published: February 2016

Debates regarding the ontological relationship between Social Media and customer retention have attracted considerable attention, particularly in the luxury beauty industry. The use of Social Media in the luxury beauty industry has caused many heated debates as it is seen as a form of interference in the exclusivity of luxury brands by limiting the physical and sensual contact between brand and customer. The purpose of this chapter is to provide some insights into how social media impacts on the cosmetics industry. Further, we provide evidence that the effective application of social media in the luxury beauty industry could lead to wider market share, and customer retention. The chapter concludes with some strategies that practitioners and researchers can adopt to develop effective marketing communication strategies, using social media platforms.
Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing Algorithms for General Problems
Authors: Solís Juan Frausto , Fraire Héctor Joaquín , Soto-Monterrubio José Carlos , Pazos-Rangel Rodolfo
Published: February 2016

Simulated Annealing is an analogy with the annealing of solids, which foundations come from a physical area known as statistical mechanics. This chapter presents a review of the literature on multi-objective simulated annealing (MOSA). There are several multi-objective approaches to solve optimization problems with simulated annealing such as hybridizations, implementation of strategies from different metaheuristics. Modern MOSA research includes populations and adaptive rules, and are briefly described in this chapter. We discuss different approaches in multi-objective and we revise the modern MOSA framework.
Emergency Department Logistic Optimization Using Design of Experiments
Authors: Vazquez-Ibarra Jose Antonio , Medina-Ramirez Rodolfo Rafael , Jimenez-Saucedo Irma
Published: February 2016

Public healthcare services face a growing demand and Emergency department is the main entrance to these services. Waiting times at Emergency departments are increasing at risky levels, causing that people die in wait rooms due to a lack of staff to serve timely every patient. Present chapter describes one research project conducted in a mexican public hospital which was in the process of adopting a triage systems in order to reach the goal of a maximum wait time in department. Design of experiments is the tool proposed to analyze waiting time factors and define the best levels to reduce the response variable value.
Hybrid Multi-Annealing Simulated Annealing Applied to Vehicle Routing Problem
Authors: Garcia Ernesto Liñán , Gonzalez-Flores Carlos , Cruz-Villegas Linda Crystal
Published: February 2016

In this chapter, a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm is proposed, which is based on simulated annealing in order to solve the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with stochastic demands. The proposed algorithm has several annealing phases, which are named Simulated Multi-annealing (SMA). This algorithm is combined with the Clarke and Wright saving algorithm (CW). This last algorithm was placed inside the Metropolis Cycle of Simulated Multi-annealing algorithm. The hybrid algorithm is applied to obtain optimal routes for a cleaning distribution company. The initial solution of VRP is generated by the CW Algorithm, and it was improved by the multi-annealing phases. The solutions into the metropolis cycle were generated by a solution perturbation approach, each solution was compared with a previous one in order to obtain an optimal one.
Determining Maximum Load of Passengers and Goods to an Aerotaxi in Southwestern Chihuahua
Authors: Ochoa-Zezzatti Alberto , Uribe Alfonso , Fuentes Eder
Published: February 2016

Travel in Chihuahua is a very complicated situation to realize because the distances between land routes is very far because the poor quality of road. The importance of this research is to understand from a Multivariable optimization associated with the path of a group of airplanes associated with an aero taxi company and determine the optimal flight route involve speed, storage and travel resources for determining the cost benefit have partnered with a travel plan, which has as principal basis the orography airstrip restriction, although this problem has been studied on several occasions by the literature failed to establish by supporting ubiquitous computing for interacting with the various values associated with the achievement of the group of airplanes -Cessna 208 Caravan- and their cost-benefit of each issue of the company and comparing their individual trips for the rest of group. There are several factors that can influence in the achievement of a group of Cessna 208 Caravan group for our research we propose to use Bat Algorithm, which has proven to be efficient for the convergence of several issues (artificial bats) when they have such restrictions and obstacles should use this energy to avoid in our case, a gain resource as food which in our case is represented as the use of travel passengers and goods optimally for the duration of a long trip with the uncertainty of not knowing when you have a resupply or reduce this quantity.
Strategic Designing and Optimization of Mixed Flow Impeller Blades for Maritime Applications
Authors: Roy Apurba Kumar , Roy Supriyo , Kumar Kaushik
Published: February 2016

Mixed flow impellers are extensively used in turbomachines either to convert mechanical energy to fluid energy or to convert fluid energy to mechanical energy. According to the geometry of flow passage, turbo machines can be classified as radial, axial and mixed flow. Mixed flow turbomachines are widely used for engineering applications like cooling water duties, water intake impellers for maritime applications, flood water draining, irrigation and other application fields. The design of mixed flow impellers of high specific speed is a direct extension of the well-established methods of the designing of radial flow impellers but the introduction of near diagonal flow layout at a still larger specific speed stimulated the incorporation of axial impeller design techniques in mixed flow impeller technology. Here, an attempt has been made to design a mixed flow turbo machine blade from the basic principle of turbomachinery and fluid mechanics. On the basis of stress analysis, the blade positioning in the meridional annulus was selected and validated using artificial neural network.
Challenges and Opportunities in Big Data Processing
Authors: Pokorny Jaroslav , Stantic Bela
Published: February 2016

The development and extensive use of highly distributed and scalable systems to process Big Data have been widely considered. New data management architectures, e.g. distributed file systems and NoSQL databases, are used in this context. However, features of Big Data like their complexity and data analytics demands indicate that these concepts solve Big Data problems only partially. A development of so called NewSQL databases is highly relevant and even special category of Big Data Management Systems is considered. In this work we will discuss these trends and evaluate some current approaches to Big Data processing, identify the current challenges, and suggest possible research directions.
A Cloud-Aware Distributed Object Storage System to Retrieve Large Data via HTML5-Enabled Web Browsers
Authors: Yıldırım Ahmet Artu , Watson Dan
Published: February 2016

Major Internet services are required to process a tremendous amount of data at real time. As we put these services under the magnifying glass, It's seen that distributed object storage systems play an important role at back-end in achieving this success. In this chapter, overall information of the current state-of –the-art storage systems are given which are used for reliable, high performance and scalable storage needs in data centers and cloud. Then, an experimental distributed object storage system (CADOS) is introduced for retrieving large data, such as hundreds of megabytes, efficiently through HTML5-enabled web browsers over big data – terabytes of data – in cloud infrastructure. The objective of the system is to minimize latency and propose a scalable storage system on the cloud using a thin RESTful web service and modern HTML5 capabilities.
Modeling and Indexing Spatiotemporal Trajectory Data in Non-Relational Databases
Authors: Aydin Berkay , Akkineni Vijay , Angryk Rafal A
Published: February 2016

With the ever-growing nature of spatiotemporal data, it is inevitable to use non-relational and distributed database systems for storing massive spatiotemporal datasets. In this chapter, the important aspects of non-relational (NoSQL) databases for storing large-scale spatiotemporal trajectory data are investigated. Mainly, two data storage schemata are proposed for storing trajectories, which are called traditional and partitioned data models. Additionally spatiotemporal and non-spatiotemporal indexing structures are designed for efficiently retrieving data under different usage scenarios. The results of the experiments exhibit the advantages of utilizing data models and indexing structures for various query types.
Green and Energy-Efficient Computing Architecture for E-Learning
Authors: Palanivel K. , Kuppuswami S.
Published: February 2016

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the fast growing industries that facilitate many latest services to the users and therefore, the number of users is increasing rapidly. The usage of ICT and its life cycle produce hazardous substances that need to be addressed in efficient and green ways. The adoption of green computing involves many improvements and provide energy-efficiency services for data centers, power management and cloud computing. Cloud computing is a highly scalable and cost-effective infrastructure for running Web applications. However, the growing demand of Cloud infrastructure has drastically increased the energy consumption of data centers, which has become a critical issue. Hence, energy-efficient solutions are required to minimize the impact of Cloud environment. E-learning methodology is an example of Green computing. Thus, it is proposed a Green Cloud Computing Architecture for e-Learning Applications that can lower expenses and reduce energy consumption.
Managing Project Communication
Authors: van Dokkum Esther , Ravesteijn Pascal
Published: February 2016

While social media use has rapidly grown all over the world the use in business context is growing at a steadier pace. Mostly social media is used by businesses as a communication channel aimed at customers either to promote products and services or as part of their web care activities. The use of social media as a means for internal communication is limited; this is especially true for projects. However social media can improve organizational communications and where communication within organizations is important in general, in the context of project management it is a critical success factor. Therefore research was conducted on how social media can be used to enhance communication within projects. In this chapter a framework that can be used to apply social media in project communication is described. The framework shows how social media tools are used by different roles and for different events during a project.
Social Media for Project Management
Authors: Manzoor Amir
Published: February 2016

In the past, project managers could assume that most team members were in a single office location. Project management software was installed on a desktop workstation and status reports were delivered at weekly meetings. Social media use can provide real time information to project stakeholders and meet the demand of the “24 hour workday”. Social media use can reduce traveling expenses and help document best practices & project learning. This chapter explore how project managers can use social media tools and how social media tools fit effectively into each project.
An Integrated Approach to Collaborative Learning in Projects
Authors: Veronese Giuliana Teixeira , Chaves Marcirio
Published: February 2016

Information Technologies 2.0 (IT 2.0) is transforming the project management by improving communication and collaboration. It provides better experience than the traditional software package allowing document sharing, integrated task tracking, enforcing team processes and agile planning. Despite the benefits brought by IT 2.0, their use to promote lessons learned (LL) remains unexplored. For many project managers to obtain and integrate information from different tools of previous similar projects remains a challenge. This chapter emphasizes the need of combining traditional LL processes and methods with IT 2.0. It describes the IT 2.0 uses and how these technologies can support LL processes and methods in project settings. It delivers a proposal focusing on both IT 2.0-centered LL processes and an updating of traditional LL methods with IT 2.0. This proposal aims to help project managers to improve the management of LL and, as a result, the project learning.
Social Project Management?
Authors: Silvius Gilbert
Published: February 2016

This conclusion aims to reflect upon and summarize the lessons that may be learned from this book. In three concise paragraphs, it discusses the common ground amongst the different contributions, the ‘takeaways' from the book and the concept of ‘social project management' as the future outlook on social media in project management.
Who “Screens” Security?
Authors: Casaregola Vincent
Published: February 2016

Films represent our awareness of surveillance and often trigger a deep emotional response from audiences, and for whole genres of film—particularly the political thriller and science fiction/speculative dystopia, along with horror films and some forms of the mystery or crime film—have been built around an individual or group of individuals who are being kept under some form of surveillance, either by the authorities of the state and by other individuals or groups who may have criminal and/or even psychotic motives. For filmmakers and their intended audiences, the surveillance narrative doubles back onto to very art form itself, composed as it is of the camera's surveillance of the action, along with the viewers' attentive watching of the film. While such audience attention had also been fundamental to drama for thousands of years, it has only been more recently that audiences began observing the fourth wall conventions of silence and darkness that make their watching of a performance a kind of surveillance.
The Right to Privacy Is Dying
Authors: Edwards III Sam B.
Published: February 2016

This chapter explores privacy in American jurisprudence from its inception until the present day. This examination starts with the first challenge of defining privacy. The second section examines the body of research on the importance of privacy. The third section focuses on privacy in American jurisprudence from its inception to its current state. This examination will include analysis of specific cases where technology has advanced and privacy has retreated. The purpose of this examination is to elucidate how current privacy doctrine no longer represents either the original intent nor the wishes of the citizens. The final section examines different paths the U.S. can take at this important point in privacy jurisprudence.
The E-Government Surveillance in the United States
Authors: McNeal Ramona Sue , Schmeida Mary , Holmes Justin
Published: February 2016

Since the 2001 U.S. Patriot Act passed in response to the 2001 terrorist attacks on the U.S., government wiretapping powers have evolved in scope and practice. Although overall public opinion favors government protection from terrorism, public support for government surveillance has ebbed and flowed. Recently, public opinion polls suggest that there has been a shift from supporting government wiretapping activities toward protecting individual civil liberty. A number of competing explanations have developed from sources ranging from the literature on Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) to evolving beliefs about personal information privacy. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze factors predicting changing public support for government surveillance. Multivariate regression analysis and individual level data from the 2012 American National Election Time Series Study are used to test rival explanations.
The Evolution of Securing the American K-12 Educational Environment with Armed Police Officers
Authors: Kubena Jiletta , Watts J. Harrison
Published: February 2016

Over the course of time we have seen a dramatic shift in the protection and security of our school system. With the increasing media coverage of school violence the general public has responded with a demand and a push for a safer educational environment for our children. This chapter addresses the movement from very limited school security through full time armed police officers responsible for the school campus. The chapter focuses on policy response to school shootings and covers a wide range of police and school response.
The Impact of Mass Incarceration and Social Issues of Institutionalization on School Violence in Youths
Authors: Stanko Stephen C. , Crews Gordon A.
Published: February 2016

In this chapter the authors examine the impact that mass incarceration has had upon children in the United States over the last several decades. Inherent in this examination is to discuss the impact of institutionalization on the propensity of committing violent acts by children. The authors also discuss the impact of these American phenomena on many aspects of juvenile delinquency and violence.
The Characteristics and Typologies of School Violence Perpetrators
Authors: Goforth Patricia
Published: February 2016

Incidents of school related shootings have been intensely studied, particularly since the Columbine shooting on April 20, 1999, with the goal of creating a profile of school shooter. In light of the intense media frenzy created by school shootings and the shooters information as to cause and motivations of these events have not been accurately conveyed. What we know thus far is violent video games as a cause of school shootings is a myth. We also know that despite the fear of a school shooting, these are statistically rare events with perpetrators rarely surviving the attacks. Based on studies of the limited number of perpetrators, common psychological characteristics have been linked to those that have committed these acts.
Sometimes They Come Back
Authors: Crews Gordon A.
Published: February 2016

In this chapter it is argued that school violence and its potential in K-12 schools cannot be dealt with by simply removing the troublesome/problematic students from classrooms and/or school grounds. The expelling, suspending, incarcerating, or placing of a juvenile in an alternative school setting may only increase their anger against their former school and teachers. An anger which may continue to grow throughout their lives. Moreover, there is a growing trend of students who have failed to achieve in life returning to their former school and committing acts of violence. The author focuses on two types of these perpetrators. First, associated and/or mentally ill perpetrators who target a school of which they have negative past or current involvement, and, second, non-associated and/or mentally ill perpetrators who target a school of which they had no direct past or current involvement but instead see the school as a “symbol of innocence” or something missing in their lives.