bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neues vom Grand Hotel Abgrund. Der Paradigmenwechsel vom Kosmopolitismus zur Kosmo-Politik
Authors: Leggewie Claus
Published: April 2021

Die altehrwürdige, stets bestrittene und leicht angegraut wirkende Tradition des Weltbürgertums (Kosmopolitismus) steht (I) vor drei neuen Herausforderungen: (a) postkolonial, insofern die westlichen Ursprünge universaler Ideen auf der Hand liegen und daraus eventuell Verengungen und Einseitigkeiten folgen, (b) als Eliten-Projekt, das die breite Bevölkerung nie erreicht hat bzw. diese ignoriert, gepaart (c) mit Einwänden von kommunitaristischer Seite, wonach alle Vorstellungen von Zugehörigkeit, Solidarität und Hospitalität in lokalen Gemeinschaften geerdet sein müssen. Die Idee des Kosmopolitismus kann sich diesen Herausforderungen stellen, wenn sie (II) stärker implementiert und operationalisiert wird: Dazu tragen Ansätze eines „globalen Konstitutionalismus“ bei, der über den Nationalstaat als überkommener Stütze von Regierung und kollektiver Identität hinausreicht und Problemlagen angeht, die diesen Souveränitäts- und Identitätsrahmen gesprengt haben. Im Zeitalter des Anthropozän (III) ist eine Erweiterung des Kosmopolitismus angebracht, nämlich die überfällige Einbeziehung der belebten und unbelebten Natur als einem virtuellen Mit-Akteur internationaler Beziehungen. Diese konzeptionelle und operative Revision kosmopolitischer Ideen mündet in eine übergreifend planetare „Kosmo-Politik“.
How often and to what extent do admitted COVID-19 patients have signs of cardiac injury?
Authors: Habets M. A. W. , Sturkenboom H. N. , Tio R. A. , Belfroid E. , Hoogervorst-Schilp J. , Siebelink H. J. , Jansen C. W. , Smits P. C.
Published: April 2021

Background

COVID-19 can cause myocardial injury in a significant proportion of patients admitted to the hospital and seems to be associated with worse prognosis. The aim of this review was to study how often and to what extent COVID-19 causes myocardial injury and whether this is an important contributor to outcome with implications for management.

Methods

A literature search was performed in Medline and Embase. Myocardial injury was defined as elevated cardiac troponin (cTn) levels with at least one value > 99th percentile of the upper reference limit. The primary outcome measure was mortality, whereas secondary outcome measures were intensive care unit (ICU) admission and length of hospital stay.

Results

Four studies and one review were included. The presence of myocardial injury varied between 9.6 and 46.3%. Myocardial injury was associated with a higher mortality rate (risk ratio (RR) 5.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.48–8.80) and more ICU admissions (RR 3.78, 95% CI 2.07–6.89). The results regarding length of hospital stay were inconclusive.

Conclusion

Patients with myocardial injury might be classified as high-risk patients, with probably a higher mortality rate and a larger need for ICU admission. cTn levels can be used in risk stratification models and can indicate which patients potentially benefit from early medication administration. We recommend measuring cTn levels in all COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital or who deteriorate during admission.
Bending moment distribution estimation of an actual steel building structure by microstrain measurement under small earthquakes
Authors: Iyama J. , Chih-Chun O. , Araki K.
Published: April 2021

Most structural health monitoring systems estimate the overall behavior by measuring the acceleration response, which cannot directly measure the stress or damage state of individual structural members. An alternative approach is to use strain measurements; however, methods for analyzing and utilizing strain data for actual steel buildings have not been established. In this study, highly precise semiconductor strain gauges were applied to an actual building. The accelerations and strains measured during earthquake loading were used to calculate the ratio of the bending moment at the beam or column sections to the displacement at the top of the building, which was defined as the “local stiffness.” This physical index represents the stiffness of structural elements near the measurement location and can be easily predicted through simple static frame analysis. The measured local stiffness was comparable to the analytical local stiffness values for the beams but was larger than that for the columns. This indicates that nonstructural members may exhibit a certain degree of restoring force and that the measured local stiffness may be strongly affected by nonstructural elements that are not considered during the structural design stage. Conversely, the measured local stiffness can be used to estimate the behavior of nonstructural components. The measured dominant frequency and local stiffness of the beams and columns showed a dependency on amplitude, but opposite trends were observed for the beams and columns. This indicates that the amplitude dependency of the dominant frequency is not due to the behavior of the beams and columns but to other reasons such as nonstructural components or changes in mass.
Diterpenoid Alkaloids from the Aerial Parts of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz
Authors: Zhang Na , Xia Fan , Li Song-Yu , Nian Yin , Wei Li-Xin , Xu Gang
Published: April 2021

Sixteen diterpenoid alkaloids (DAs), including six aconitine-type alkaloids (5 and 9 − 13), seven 7,17-seco-aconitine-type alkaloids (1 − 4, 6 − 8), two napelline-type alkaloids (14 and 15) as well as one veatchine-type alkaloid (16), were isolated from the aerial parts of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz. In which, flavumolines A − D (1 − 4) were four new ones, and flavumoline E (5) was reported as natural compound for the first time. Their chemical structures were elucidated by the analysis of extensive spectroscopic data. The inhibitory activities of these isolates on Cav3.1 low voltage-gated Ca2+ channel, NO production in LPS-activated RAW264.7cells, five human tumor cell lines, as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were tested.
Crystal and electronic structure engineering of tin monoxide by external pressure
Authors: Li Kun , Wang Junjie , Blatov Vladislav A. , Gong Yutong , Umezawa Naoto , Tada Tomofumi , Hosono Hideo , Oganov Artem R.
Published: April 2021

Although tin monoxide (SnO) is an interesting compound due to its p-type conductivity, a widespread application of SnO has been limited by its narrow band gap of 0.7 eV. In this work, we theoretically investigate the structural and electronic properties of several SnO phases under high pressures through employing van der Waals (vdW) functionals. Our calculations reveal that a metastable SnO (β-SnO), which possesses space group P21/c and a wide band gap of 1.9 eV, is more stable than α-SnO at pressures higher than 80 GPa. Moreover, a stable (space group P2/c) and a metastable (space group Pnma) phases of SnO appear at pressures higher than 120 GPa. Energy and topological analyses show that P2/c-SnO has a high possibility to directly transform to β-SnO at around 120 GPa. Our work also reveals that β-SnO is a necessary intermediate state between high-pressure phase Pnma-SnO and low-pressure phase α-SnO for the phase transition path Pnma-SnO →β-SnO → α-SnO. Two phase transition analyses indicate that there is a high possibility to synthesize β-SnO under high-pressure conditions and have it remain stable under normal pressure. Finally, our study reveals that the conductive property of β-SnO can be engineered in a low-pressure range (0–9 GPa) through a semiconductor-to-metal transition, while maintaining transparency in the visible light range.
Composition of phenolic compounds in wastewater from the fixed-bed gasification of Baishihu coal
Authors: Zhao Yuan
Published: April 2021

Crude phenols extracted using organic solvent from the wastewater of a typical fixed-bed gasification process was used as a raw material, and the distillation range was analyzed. The wide and narrow fractions of the raw material derived from distillation range analysis were cut using a real boiling point distillation device. The phenolic compounds in the different fractions were then qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography after derivatization pretreatment. The yield of the < 290 °C fraction was 68.50% (mass fraction). A total of 33 effective phenolic compounds were identified in this fraction, and the percentage of identified phenols was nearly 80%. The contents of eight phenolic compounds were high, with phenol being the most abundant (26.34%) followed by catechol (13.44%). The contents of the remaining six abundant phenols ranged from 4% to 8%. The sum of the contents of m-cresol and p-cresol exceeded 12%, and the content of 5-indenol was nearly 8%. The yield of the fraction rich in low-grade phenols (< 230 °C) was 35.40%. The content of phenol in this fraction was more than 40%, the total content of cresol was over 23%, and the total content of m-cresol and p-cresol was nearly 20%. At room temperature, the 235–245 °C and 245–260 °C fractions were white crystals in which the catechol content was approximately 50%, and the 5-indenol content was more than 10%. The contents of these two high-value-added phenolic compounds are low in typical coal tar, making them difficult to extract. However, due to their strong polarity and good water solubility, catechol and 5-indenol are enriched in gasification wastewater by water selection, allowing their further extraction.
Correction to: Tamped Richtmyer–Meshkov Instability Experiments to Probe High-Pressure Material Strength
Authors: Vogler T. J. , Hudspeth M. C.
Published: April 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40870-021-00302-x
Let’s Talk About Emotions: the Development of Children’s Emotion Vocabulary from 4 to 11 Years of Age
Authors: Grosse Gerlind , Streubel Berit , Gunzenhauser Catherine , Saalbach Henrik
Published: April 2021

Learning to use language in an adult-like way is a long-lasting process. This may particularly apply to complex conceptual domains such as emotions. The present study examined children’s and adults’ patterns of emotion word usage regarding their convergence and underlying semantic dimensions, and the factors influencing the ease of emotion word learning. We assessed the production of emotion words by 4- to 11-year-old children (N = 123) and 27 adults (M = 37 years) using a vignette test. We found that the older the children, the more emotion words they produced. Moreover, with increasing age, children’s pattern of emotion word usage converged with adult usage. The analysis for semantic dimensions revealed one clear criterion—the differentiation of positive versus negative emotions—for all children and adults. We further found that broad covering emotion words are produced earlier and in a more adult-like way.
Digitality and Decolonization: A Response to Achille Mbembe
Authors: Bernal Victoria
Published: April 2021

This article explores questions of decolonization, in part through analyzing Belgium’s Africa Museum. Bernal considers the role of academia and knowledge production, as well as the technological developments that may create new concentrations of power faster than decolonial projects can dismantle established hierarchies. She concludes that decolonization must address material questions of reparations and restitution, and that digital media have been transformative in ways that bring northern models of social existence closer to African ones. Having lived under colonizers, despots, and states of exception, Africans bring important knowledge and experience to twenty-first-century global struggles.
Open Access in Scientific Information: Sustainability Model and Business Plan for the Infrastructure and Organization of OpenAIRE
Authors: Koundouri Phoebe , Chatzistamoulou Nikos , Dávila Osiel González , Giannouli Amerissa , Kourogenis Nikolaos , Xepapadeas Anastasios , Xepapadeas Petros
Published: April 2021

In 2008 European Commission launches the open access infrastructure for research in Europe project (OpenAIRE), supporting open access (OA) in scientific information and research output. In this paper, we assess the economic sustainability of the OpenAIRE project. The empirical strategy is developed through a Cost–Benefit Analysis framework to evaluate and compare the costs and benefits of OpenAIRE services to provide recommendations on the project’s economic efficiency and sustainability, a non-market valuation method based on the results of a “Choice Experiment” to calculate the Total Economic Value generated by OpenAIRE and a full preference ranking approach. Findings indicate that stakeholders prefer interoperability between research platforms and output, better access to scientific results and compliance to OA mandates. Furthermore, net social benefits for the basic services for 15 years are at least five times higher than costs’ present value while the potential R&D effect from research suggests even larger benefits in the long run. Subscriptions based on the estimated willingness to pay and cost, institutional subsidies and public awareness are the main recommendations for the sustainable operation of OpenAIRE. This study contributes to the literature on monetary valuation of the benefits and costs of OA to scientific knowledge.
European and International Perspectives on Benefit-Cost Analysis: Symposium Introduction
Authors: Florio Massimo
Published: April 2021

The idea of assessing the costs and benefits of public and private projects is not new to Europe, dating back to studies at the Ecole des Ponts et Chaussees (Paris) in the XIX century. Later on, in the last century, Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA) in its current form has been more extensively used in the United States than in Europe. In the last two decades, however, there has been a rapid increase in its use in a number of European countries and at the European Union (EU) level. European governments often undertake tasks that would be done by private companies in the United States, such as the provision of transport, energy, water and waste management, health services, etc. In the United States the focus of BCA has often been regulatory impact analysis, rather than public project evaluation. One might, therefore, expect that Europeans might approach some things differently from their American counterparts and that new insights might result from these efforts. The articles in this symposium, taken from the recent European Society for Benefit-Cost Analysis (SBCA) conference in Toulouse, illustrate some of these differences and some converging themes.
Evaluation of the academic achievements of clinician health services research scientists involved in “pre-K” career development award programs
Authors: Barreto Erin F. , McCoy Rozalina G. , Larson Joseph J. , Warsame Rahma M. , Kennedy Cassie C. , Baker Ashley E. , Hart Elizabeth S. , Pagel Stephanie M. , Whitman Samantha A. , Boehmer Kasey R. , Enders Felicity T.
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Research career development awards (CDAs) facilitate development of clinician-scientists. This study compared the academic achievements of individuals in a structured institutional “pre-K” CDA program, the Mayo Clinic Kern Scholars program, with individuals who applied for but were not admitted to the Kern program (“Kern applicants”), and awardees of other unstructured internal CDAs.

Methods:

This was a longitudinal cohort study of clinicians engaged in research at Mayo Clinic between 2010 and 2019. The primary outcome was time to the 15th new peer-reviewed publication after the program start, adjusted for baseline number of publications. Secondarily, we described successful awarding of federal funding by the NIH or VA.

Results:

The median (IQR) number of baseline publications was highest among Kern Scholars compared to Kern Applicants or other CDA awardees [16 (12, 29) vs 5 (1, 11) and 8 (5, 16); P < 0.001]. After adjustment for baseline publications, the time to 15th new publication was significantly shorter for Kern Scholars than for the two comparator groups (P<0.001). Similar findings were observed with total new publications within 5 years (P < 0.001), as well as number of new first-/last-author publications within 5 years (P < 0.001). The overall frequency of K-awards, R-awards (or equivalent), or any funding were similar between groups, with the exception of R03 awards, which were significantly more common among Kern Scholars (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:

The Kern Scholars program is a successful training model for clinician-scientists that demonstrated comparatively greater acceleration of scholarly productivity than other internal CDA programs.
Sustained reduction in catheter-associated urinary tract infections using multi-faceted strategies led by champions: A quality improvement initiative
Authors: Reynolds Staci S. , Sova Chris D. , Lewis Sarah S. , Smith Becky A. , Wrenn Rebekah H. , Turner Nicholas A. , Advani Sonali D.
Published: April 2021

We reviewed the sustainability of a multifaceted intervention on catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) in 3 intensive care units. During the 4-year postintervention period, we observed reductions in urine culture rates (from 80.9 to 47.5 per 1,000 patient days; P < .01), catheter utilization (from 0.68 to 0.58; P < .01), and CAUTI incidence rates (from 1.7 to 0.8 per 1,000 patient days; P = .16).
Carbapenem-resistant bacteria in an intensive care unit during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: A multicenter before-and-after cross-sectional study
Authors: Pascale Renato , Bussini Linda , Gaibani Paolo , Bovo Federica , Fornaro Giacomo , Lombardo Donatella , Ambretti Simone , Pensalfine Giulia , Appolloni Lucia , Bartoletti Michele , Tedeschi Sara , Tumietto Fabio , Lewis Russell , Viale Pierluigi , Giannella Maddalena
Published: April 2021

Objective:

To assess the incidence of colonization and infection with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-Ab) in the ICUs of our city hospitals before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods:

We conducted a multicenter, before-and-after, cross-sectional study to compare the rates of colonization and infection with CPE and/or CR-Ab in 2 study periods, period 1 (January–April 2019) and period 2 (January–April 2020). Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of weekly colonization and infection rates for each period were compared for the 2 study periods using Poisson regression. Weekly trends in the incidence of colonization or infection for each study period were summarized using local weighted (Loess) regression.

Results:

We detected no significant change in either IRR and weekly trend in CPE colonization and infection during the 2 study periods. A shift from KPC to other CPE mechanisms (OXA-48 and VIM) was observed during period 2. Compared to period 1, during period 2 the IRR of colonization and infection with CR-Ab increased 7.5- and 5.5-fold, respectively. Genome sequencing showed that all CR-Ab strains belonged to the CC92/IC2 clonal lineage. Clinical strains clustered closely into a single monophyletic group in 1 of the 3 centers, whereas they segregated in 2 different clusters in the other 2 centers, which strongly indicates horizontal transmission.

Conclusions:

Our findings indicate the need to conduct infection control activities targeted against the spread of antimicrobial resistance between and within hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic, and if necessary, remodulating them according to the new organizational structures imposed by the pandemic.
AN UNBOUNDED OPERATOR WITH SPECTRUM IN A STRIP AND MATRIX DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS
Authors: GIL’ MICHAEL
Published: April 2021

Let A and
$\tilde A$
be unbounded linear operators on a Hilbert space. We consider the following problem. Let the spectrum of A lie in some horizontal strip. In which strip does the spectrum of
$\tilde A$
lie, if A and
$\tilde A$
are sufficiently ‘close’? We derive a sharp bound for the strip containing the spectrum of
$\tilde A$
, assuming that
$\tilde A-A$
is a bounded operator and A has a bounded Hermitian component. We also discuss applications of our results to regular matrix differential operators.
SENECA, QVAESTIONES NATVRALES 4B.4.2: AERIS OR TEMPORIS? REMARKS ON THE MEANING OF TEMPVS
Authors: Cancela Cilleruelo Álvaro
Published: April 2021

In Quaestiones naturales 4b.4.2 Seneca states that in early spring the weather drastically changes: in the warmer sky larger water droplets are formed and cause rain. The description of this ‘greater change’ (maior inclinatio) is linked in the manuscript tradition to two different controversial readings, temporis and aeris, which are irregularly distributed. Most recent editors have printed the first reading, but H.M. Hine is probably right to accept aeris. A careful linguistic, stemmatic and stylistic examination shows that temporis is likely to be a Medieval Latin gloss of aeris: the equivalence of both words would be difficult to justify in Classical Latin, but in Late Latin and in Medieval Latin tempus developed a climatological meaning which is explicitly found in medieval writers and glossaries and is also very widespread in Romance languages. The presence of this gloss in the hyparchetype Ψ, which is ultimately the source for most medieval copies, accounts for the irregular distribution of both readings in the manuscript tradition; this hypothesis is particularly consistent with Hine's suggestion that Ψ probably had interlinear or marginal readings. This historical investigation on the meaning of tempus is also relevant to the end of the same passage, where stylistic and linguistic evidence supports the reading tepore rather than tempore.
THEMISTIUS AGAINST PORPHYRY (?) ON ‘WHY WE DO NOT REMEMBER’
Authors: Roreitner Robert
Published: April 2021

This article sheds new light on Themistius’ argument in what is philosophically the most original (and historically the most influential) section of his extant work, namely On Aristotle's On the Soul 100.16–109.3: here, Themistius offers a systematic interpretation of Aristotle's ‘agent’ intellect and its ‘potential’ and ‘passive’ counterparts. A solution to two textual difficulties at 101.36–102.2 is proposed, supported by the Arabic translation. This allows us to see that Themistius engages at length with a Platonizing reading of the enigmatic final lines of De anima III.5, where Aristotle explains ‘why we do not remember’ (without specifying when and what). This Platonizing reading (probably inspired by Aristotle's early dialogue Eudemus) can be safely identified with the one developed in a fragmentary text extant only in Arabic under the title Porphyry's treatise On the soul. While Themistius rejects this reading, he turns out to be heavily influenced by the author's interpretation of the ‘agent’, ‘potential’ and ‘passive’ intellect. These findings offer us a new glimpse into Themistius’ philosophical programme: he is searching for an alternative to both the austere (and, by Themistius’ lights, distorted) Aristotelianism of Alexander of Aphrodisias and the all too Platonizing reading of Aristotle adopted by thinkers such as Porphyry.
Anxiety, alienation, and estrangement in the context of social media
Authors: Qureshi-Hurst Emily
Published: April 2021

This article applies Paul Tillich's existentialist analysis of the human predicament, particularly what it means to exist and to be fallen, to social media. I argue that social media heightens feelings of alienation and estrangement, supporting this claim with evidence from empirical research in psychiatry and communication studies. Thus, I offer an application of a Tillichian approach to an area of culture previously unexamined in this way. I identify three primary ways in which social media exacerbates existentialist emotional states: (1) social media allows us to construct artificial versions of ourselves through the use of filters and photo editing software; (2) it provides the means to quantify social approval in groups the size of which the human brain has not evolved for; (3) it extends the size of our social networks but decreases the quality of interactions. Social media is yet to receive significant philosophical or theological engagement despite its prevalence, particularly within younger generations. I argue that this is a mistake – philosophy has a duty to engage with such a ubiquitous feature of modern life.
Maternal knowledge of the child’s heart defect over a 1-year time span, its development and associated factors
Authors: Knöchelmann Anja , Geyer Siegfried
Published: April 2021

Background:

Mothers are the link between patients, physicians, and other caregivers. Therefore, they should be well informed about the child’s heart defect and accompanying issues. This study aimed to assess the mothers’ understanding of their child’s heart defect at hospitalisation and one year later and to analyse the individual development and associated factors.

Material and methods:

Mothers of children with CHD (aged ≤2 years) were interviewed at time of hospitalisation and after one year. Development was calculated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Knowledge was assessed using the Hannover Inventory of Parental Knowledge of Congenital Heart Disease that consists of eight subscales. Associated factors were self-assessed knowledge at hospitalisation, educational level, cardiac diagnosis, self-assessed severity of CHD, and source of information at follow-up.

Results:

Mothers showed mixed understanding at hospitalisation, but their knowledge improved over a 1-year time span. This was especially true for the subscales “management of CHD” and “surveillance of deterioration”, which resulted in an overall good knowledge at follow-up, whereas knowledge on infective endocarditis was still poor. Mothers with lowest and highest education had the most notable improvements. The same holds for caregivers with children with more severe CHD and who rated their knowledge as less than good.

Conclusion:

Overall, mothers showed significant improvement especially for topics that are important to provide adequate care, but still revealed knowledge gaps one year after hospitalisation. Consequently, clinicians should evaluate the individual knowledge level at all times and inform mothers accordingly.
SOME WRITING TIPS FOR PHILOSOPHY
Authors: Earp Brian D.
Published: April 2021

If you grade enough papers, you will find some consistent pitfalls, especially in the writing of students who are coming to philosophy for the first time. I wrote up the following tips a couple of years ago when I was a teaching assistant for an introductory philosophy class at Yale led by Daniel Greco called ‘Problems in Philosophy’. The tips were intended, then, for college students, many of them right out of high school, and most of whom had never written a philosophy paper before. So the focus is on clarity and mastering the basics. With that in mind, I hope you will find these tips helpful for teaching or writing in philosophy (or any other relevant field or discipline).
Optimization of the conductivity of microwave components printed by inkjet and aerosol jet on polymeric substrates by IPL and laser sintering
Authors: El Hajjaji Chaimaa , Delhote Nicolas , Verdeyme Serge , Piechowiak Malgorzata , Boyer Laurence , Durand Olivier
Published: April 2021

In this work, microwave planar resonators are printed with silver nanoparticle inks using two printing technologies, inkjet printing and aerosol jet printing, on polyimide substrates. The microwave resonators used in this paper operate in the frequency band 5–21 GHz. The printing parameters, such as the number of printed layers of silver nanoparticle inks, drop spacing, and sintering time, were optimized to ensure repeatable and conductive test patterns. To improve the electrical conductivity of silver deposits, which are first dried using a hot plate or an oven, two complementary sintering methods are used: intense pulsed light (IPL) and laser sintering. This paper presents the results of different strategies for increasing the final quality factor of printed planar resonators and the trade-offs (sintering time versus final conductivity/unloaded Q) that can be reached. Improvement of the resonator unloaded quality factor (up to +55%) and of the equivalent electrical conductivity (up to 14.94 S/μm) at 14 GHz have been obtained thanks to these nonconventional sintering techniques. The total sintering durations of different combinations of sintering techniques (hot plate, oven, IPL, and laser) range from 960 to 90 min with a final conductivity from 14.94 to 7.1 S/μm at 14 GHz, respectively.
Enhancement of corona discharge thresholds in microstrip bandpass filters by using cover-ended resonators
Authors: Morales-Hernández Aitor , Sánchez-Soriano Miguel Á. , Marini Stephan , Reglero Marta S. , Esteve Laura , Boria Vicente E. , Guglielmi Marco
Published: April 2021

This paper studies the corona discharge power thresholds in microstrip bandpass filters (BPFs) and, in particular, is focused on a solution based on λ/2 cover-ended resonators to enhance their peak power handling capability (PPHC). First, a parametric analysis is carried out to evaluate the variation of the maximum electric field and the unloaded quality factor (Qu) as a function of the cover's geometrical dimensions (i.e. height, length, and width). Next, several microstrip BPFs centered at 1.6 GHz are designed, and their behaviors under moderate-to-high applied RF power signals are simulated to corroborate the previous study. A suitable number and size of covers are selected to enhance PPHC without barely degrading the filters’ electrical performance and, consequently, without hardly increasing the insertion losses. Finally, two third-order filters with covers and without covers (benchmark prototype) are manufactured, by way of illustration, and they are tested in the European High-Power RF Space Laboratory to validate the good performance of the proposed solution, where a PPHC enhancement of 3.1 dB at high pressures is achieved as compared to the benchmark prototype.
Environmental Protection Meets Security of Electricity Supply
Authors: Cenevska Ilina
Published: April 2021

This case comment explores the relationship between two intertwined objectives – ensuring security of electricity supply and environmental protection – in the context of the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Inter-Environnement Wallonie ASBL and Bond Beter Leefmilieu Vlaanderen ASBL v. Conseil des ministres. The analysis focuses on the application of the Environmental Impact Assessment Directive and the Habitats Directive to the facts of the case, which concerns the extension by a ten-year period of the operation of two Belgian nuclear power stations (Doel 1 and Doel 2) as part of a national energy policy strategy to ensure the security of Belgium's electricity supply. The case comment also considers the legal and practical implications that arise as a result of employing the ‘security of electricity supply’ exemption to enable derogation from the requirements of the aforementioned Directives in circumstances where a Member State considers the security of its electricity supply to be under threat.
Zwanghaftes Bewegungsverhalten bei Essstörungen
Authors: Dittmer Nina , Mönch Claudia , Marwitz Michael , von der Mühlen Mareike , Baumann Sabine , Cuntz Ulrich , Alexandridis Katharina , Fumi Markus , Voderholzer Ulrich
Published: April 2021

Das vorliegende Manual stellt das erste deutschsprachige, evidenzbasierte Therapiekonzept zur Behandlung von zwanghaftem Bewegungsverhalten bei Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen mit Essstörungen vor. Damit rückt es ein häufiges, bisher schwer behandelbares Symptom von Patient*innen mit Anorexia nervosa und Bulimia nervosa in den Fokus, das mit ungünstigen Prognosen verbunden ist. Zunächst werden auf Basis des aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Kenntnisstandes Erscheinungsformen, zentrale störungsrelevante Faktoren sowie Erfassungsmethoden von zwanghaftem Bewegungsverhalten beschrieben. Darauf folgt eine detaillierte, praxisorientierte Anleitung zur Durchführung der acht Einheiten des Therapiekonzepts. Als Besonderheit des therapeutischen Ansatzes werden auf Grundlage langjähriger klinischer Erfahrung und wissenschaftlicher Befunde Elemente von kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie und klinischer Bewegungstherapie in einem Therapiekonzept integriert. Ziele sind das Wiedererlernen eines gesunden, dem körperlichen Zustand angemessenen Maßes an Bewegung, die Reduktion der zwanghaften, ritualisierten Ausübung sowie das Wiederentdecken von Freude an der Bewegung. Auch wenn die einzelnen Therapieeinheiten aufeinander aufbauend als Gruppentherapiekonzept dargestellt werden, können diese auch separat im Einzel- oder Gruppensetting eingesetzt werden. Die Wirksamkeit des Therapiekonzepts wurde im Rahmen einer großen randomisiert-kontrollierten Studie nachgewiesen. Das Manual wendet sich nicht nur an Psycholog*innen und Ärzt*innen, sondern auch an Bewegungstherapeut*innen und andere Berufsgruppen, die mit Essstörungspatient*innen arbeiten.
Mitarbeiterbefragung
Authors: Müller Karsten , Kempen Regina , Straatmann Tammo
Published: April 2021

Mitarbeiterbefragungen als organisationales Feedbackinstrument gehören in den meisten Unternehmen zum Standardrepertoire des Personalmanagements und der Organisationsentwicklung. Vor dem Hintergrund neuer technologischer Entwicklungen kann eine moderne und zukunftsfähige Form der Mitarbeiterbefragung die Agilität und Selbststeuerung von Organisationen fördern und wird somit zu einem wichtigen strategischen Steuerungs- und Entwicklungsinstrument. Dieses Buch befasst sich mit der wirksamen Gestaltung von Mitarbeiterbefragungen in der Praxis. Ausgehend von spezifischen Funktionen und dem betrieblichen Nutzen einer Mitarbeiterbefragung werden Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten und Herausforderungen für alle Phasen der Mitarbeiterbefragung – Vorbereitung, Durchführung und Folgeprozess – beschrieben. Wie sollte beispielsweise die Projektarchitektur einer Mitarbeiterbefragung gestaltet sein? Welche Möglichkeiten eröffnen sich durch zunehmend dynamische technologische Entwicklungen in der Umsetzung und Integration des Befragungsprozesses? Was ist bei der Zusammenstellung des Fragebogens zu beachten? Welche modernen Ansätze zur Gestaltung von Folgeprozessen und zur Sicherung der Nachhaltigkeit im Rahmen von Mitarbeiterbefragungen gibt es? Wie kann die Mitarbeiterbefragung in umfassendere Feedback- und Befragungslandschaften in Organisationen eingebettet werden? Welche Herausforderungen stellen sich bei der internationalen Durchführung von Mitarbeiterbefragungen? Diese und viele andere Aspekte werden in diesem Band auf Basis des aktuellen Forschungs- und Wissenstands diskutiert und praxisnahe Gestaltungs- und Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet. Abgerundet wird das Buch durch Fallbeispiele, die spezifische Aspekte entlang des Vorgehens veranschaulichen und konkretisieren.
Might Informal Carers of Adults With Enduring Suicidality Experience Anticipatory Loss?
Authors: Lascelles Karen Moya
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Carers of loved ones who repeatedly express suicidal intent and/or engage in suicidal behavior may experience a sense of anticipation of eventual suicide due to the potential of a fatal act of self-harm. An understanding of John Rolland's concept of anticipatory loss may help clinicians understand and attend to the experiences of carers of adults who engage in repeated suicidal behavior. Indeed, there appear to be some similarities between this model of anticipatory loss and experiences of informal carers, indicating that the phenomenon, which is hitherto under-explored in the suicidology field, may merit further consideration.
Land‐Atmosphere Interactions Exacerbated the Drought and Heatwave Over Northern Europe During Summer 2018
Authors: Dirmeyer Paul A. , Balsamo Gianpaolo , Blyth Eleanor M. , Morrison Ross , Cooper Hollie M.
Published: April 2021

The 2018 drought and heatwave over northern Europe were exceptional, with unprecedented forest fires in Sweden, searing heat in Germany and water restrictions in England. Monthly, daily, and hourly data from ERA5, verified with in situ soil water content and surface flux measurements, are examined to investigate the subseasonal‐to‐seasonal progression of the event and the diurnal evolution of tropospheric profiles over Britain to quantify the anomalous land surface contribution to heat and drought. Data suggest the region entered an unprecedented condition of becoming a “hot spot” for land‐atmosphere coupling, which exacerbated the heatwave across much of northern Europe. Land‐atmosphere feedbacks were prompted by unusually low soil water over wide areas, which generated moisture limitations on surface latent heat fluxes, suppressing cloud formation, increasing surface net radiation, and driving temperatures higher during several multiweek episodes of extreme heat. We find consistent evidence in field data and reanalysis of a threshold of soil water content at most locations, below which surface fluxes and daily maximum temperatures become hypersensitive to declining soil water. Similar recent heatwaves over various parts of Europe in 2003, 2010, and 2019, combined with dire climate change projections, suggest such events could be on the increase. Land‐atmosphere feedbacks may play an increasingly important role in exacerbating extremes, but could also contribute to their predictability on subseasonal time scales.
Two‐Fluid Treatment of Whistling Behavior and the Warm Appleton‐Hartree Extension
Authors: De Jonghe J. , Keppens R.
Published: April 2021

As an application of the completely general, ideal two‐fluid analysis of waves in a warm ion‐electron plasma, where six unique wave pair labels (S, A, F, M, O, and X) were identified, we here connect to the vast body of literature on whistler waves. We show that all six mode pairs can demonstrate whistling behavior, when we allow for whistling of both descending and ascending frequency types, and when we study the more general case of oblique propagation to the background magnetic field. We show how the general theory recovers all known approximate group speed expressions for both classical whistlers and ion cyclotron whistlers, which we here extend to include ion contributions and deviations from parallel propagation. At oblique angles and at perpendicular propagation, whistlers are investigated using exact numerical evaluations of the two‐fluid dispersion relation and their group speeds under Earth's magnetosphere conditions. This approach allows for a complete overview of all whistling behavior and we quantify the typical frequency ranges where they must be observable. We use the generality of the theory to show that pair plasmas in pulsar magnetospheres also feature whistling behavior, although not of the classical type at parallel propagation. Whistling of the high‐frequency modes is discussed as well, and we give the extension of the Appleton‐Hartree relation for cold plasmas, to include the effect of a nonzero thermal electron velocity. We use it to quantify the Faraday rotation effect at all angles, and compare its predictions between the cold and warm Appleton‐Hartree equation.
Investigation of the Gradient Drift Instability as a Cause of Density Irregularities in Subauroral Polarization Streams
Authors: Rathod C. , Srinivasan B. , Scales W. , Kunduri B.
Published: April 2021

Density irregularities have been observed in subauroral polarization streams (SAPS). One hypothesis of the cause of this ionospheric turbulence, based on the background morphology, is the gradient drift instability (GDI). This work models the GDI using a two‐dimensional electrostatic fluid model to determine if it is a viable cause of turbulence generation in SAPS. A statistical study of different velocity profiles, based on SuperDARN radar and Global Positioning System total electron content data, is used to prescribe parameters in the numerical model. The parameter space of different SAPS profiles is explored to study the effect on GDI development. As the velocity shear is initialized closer to the unstable density gradient, the GDI becomes increasingly damped. For these cases, the density and electric potential turbulence cascades obtained from the numerical model follow power laws of about −5/3 or −2, which is in agreement with observational data. If the region of sheared velocity overlaps the density gradient, the GDI becomes stabilized. The latitudinal location of maximum GDI growth depends on the density profile, the velocity profile, and the neutral wind direction. Using velocity profiles with regions of low velocity shear can cause instabilities that grow inside SAPS which have turbulence cascades with different behavior. In all parameter regimes considered, the GDI turbulence is precluded from extending through regions of velocity shear. Turbulence is generated for a variety of SAPS relevant conditions; therefore, the GDI has been shown to be a viable candidate for generating ionospheric irregularities in SAPS.
Editorial Expression of Concern: Baicalein protects HT22 murine hippocampal neuronal cells against endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis through inhibition of reactive oxygen species production and CHOP induction
Authors: Jue Dae-Myung
Published: April 2021

An Editorial Expression of Concern to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-021-00598-8
Nucleation process of the 2011 northern Nagano earthquake from nearby seismic observations
Authors: Shimojo Kengo , Enescu Bogdan , Yagi Yuji , Takeda Tetsuya
Published: April 2021

The 2011 magnitude (M) 9.0 Tohoku-oki earthquake was followed by seismicity activation in inland areas throughout Japan. An outstanding case is the M6.2 Northern Nagano earthquake, central Japan, occurred 13-h after the megathrust event, approximately 400 km away from its epicenter. The physical processes relating the occurrence of megathrust earthquakes and subsequent activation of relatively large inland earthquakes are not well understood. Here we use waveform data of a dense local seismic network to reveal with an unprecedented resolution the complex mechanisms leading to the occurrence of the M6.2 earthquake. We show that previously undetected small earthquakes initiated along the Nagano earthquake source fault at relatively short times after the Tohoku-oki megathrust earthquake, and the local seismicity continued intermittently until the occurrence of the M6.2 event, being likely ‘modulated’ by the arrival of surface waves from large, remote aftershocks off-shore Tohoku. About 1-h before the Nagano earthquake, there was an acceleration of micro-seismicity migrating towards its hypocenter. Migration speeds indicate potential localized slow-slip, culminating with the occurrence of the large inland earthquake, with fluids playing a seismicity-activation role at a regional scale.
Below 3 Å structure of apoferritin using a multipurpose TEM with a side entry cryoholder
Authors: Kayama Yoko , Burton-Smith Raymond N. , Song Chihong , Terahara Naoya , Kato Takayuki , Murata Kazuyoshi
Published: April 2021

Recently, the structural analysis of protein complexes by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) single particle analysis (SPA) has had great impact as a biophysical method. Many results of cryo-EM SPA are based on data acquired on state-of-the-art cryo-electron microscopes customized for SPA. These are currently only available in limited locations around the world, where securing machine time is highly competitive. One potential solution for this time-competitive situation is to reuse existing multi-purpose equipment, although this comes with performance limitations. Here, a multi-purpose TEM with a side entry cryo-holder was used to evaluate the potential of high-resolution SPA, resulting in a 3 Å resolution map of apoferritin with local resolution extending to 2.6 Å. This map clearly showed two positions of an aromatic side chain. Further, examination of optimal imaging conditions depending on two different multi-purpose electron microscope and camera combinations was carried out, demonstrating that higher magnifications are not always necessary or desirable. Since automation is effectively a requirement for large-scale data collection, and augmenting the multi-purpose equipment is possible, we expanded testing by acquiring data with SerialEM using a β-galactosidase test sample. This study demonstrates the possibilities of more widely available and established electron microscopes, and their applications for cryo-EM SPA.
Genetic diversity and population structure of advanced clones selected over forty years by a potato breeding program in the USA
Authors: Pandey Jeewan , Scheuring Douglas C. , Koym Jeffrey W. , Coombs Joseph , Novy Richard G. , Thompson Asunta L. , Holm David G. , Douches David S. , Miller J. Creighton , Vales M. Isabel
Published: April 2021

Knowledge regarding genetic diversity and population structure of breeding materials is essential for crop improvement. The Texas A&M University Potato Breeding Program has a collection of advanced clones selected and maintained in-vitro over a 40-year period. Little is known about its genetic makeup and usefulness for the current breeding program. In this study, 214 potato clones were genotyped with the Infinium Illumina 22 K V3 Potato Array. After filtering, a total of 10,106 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers were used for analysis. Heterozygosity varied by SNP, with an overall average of 0.59. Three groups of tetraploid clones primarily based on potato market classes, were detected using STRUCTURE software and confirmed by discriminant analysis of principal components. The highest coefficient of differentiation observed between the groups was 0.14. Signatures of selection were uncovered in genes controlling potato flesh and skin color, length of plant cycle and tuberization, and carbohydrate metabolism. A core set of 43 clones was obtained using Core Hunter 3 to develop a sub-collection that retains similar genetic diversity as the whole population, minimize redundancies, and facilitates long-term conservation of genetic resources. The comprehensive molecular characterization of our breeding clone bank collection contributes to understanding the genetic diversity of existing potato resources. This analysis could be applied to other breeding programs and assist in the selection of parents, fingerprinting, protection, and management of the breeding collections.
Metabolic profiling of cytotoxic metabolites from five Tabebuia species supported by molecular correlation analysis
Authors: El-Hawary Seham S. , Mohammed Rabab , Tawfike Ahmed F. , AbouZid Sameh Fekry , Taher Marwa A. , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan , Amin Elham
Published: April 2021

Tabebuia is the largest genus among the family Bignoniaceae. Tabebuia species are known for their high ornamental and curative value. Here, the cytotoxic potential of extracts from the leaves and stems of five Tabebuia species was analyzed. The highest activity was observed for T. rosea (Bertol.) DC. stem extract against HepG2 cell line (IC50 4.7 µg/mL), T. pallida L. stem extract against MCF-7 cell line (IC50 6.3 µg/mL), and T. pulcherrima stem extract against CACO2 cell line (IC50 2.6 µg/mL). Metabolic profiling of the ten extracts using liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry for dereplication purposes led to annotation of forty compounds belonging to different chemical classes. Among the annotated compounds, irridoids represent the major class. Principle component analysis (PCA) was applied to test the similarity and variability among the tested species and the score plot showed similar chemical profiling between the leaves and stems of both T. pulcherrima and T. pallida L. and unique chemical profiling among T. rosea (Bertol.) DC., T. argentea Britton, and T. guayacan (Seem.) Hemsl. leaf extracts and the stem extract of T. rosea (Bertol.) DC. Additionally, a molecular correlation analysis was used to annotate the bioactive cytotoxic metabolites in the extracts and correlate between their chemical and biological profiles.