bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problematika Penggunaan Gadget dalam Interaksi Sosial Remaja (Studi Kasus di SMA Muhammadiyah Haurgeulis, Kabupaten Indramayu)
Authors: Al-Had Muhamad Raffi , Asrof Fitri Ahmad , Suryandari Meity
Published: November 2023

Gadgets are modern communication devices that have changed people's lives in social interaction, providing benefits in terms of work efficiency, communication with family, and entertainment. However, too much gadget use can cause an imbalance in daily activities and impair well-being. Social interaction is key in human life, and smartphones are one of the main media used in social interaction. This study highlights two sides of smartphone use: positive and negative. This study describes the impact of gadget use, especially smartphones, on adolescent social interaction, focusing on high school students and wants to explore the impact of gadget use by understanding the problematic use of gadgets among Haurgeulis high school students, identifying the forms of social interaction that occur among students, and analyzing the positive and negative impacts. The results of this study show that: (1) The problematic use of gadgets among students has positive benefits, including work efficiency and communication with family, while negative impacts include an imbalance between time spent using gadgets and physical activity, potentially causing health problems such as eye minus. (2) Students also engage in two forms of social interaction, namely associative interaction involving cooperation with parents and the formation of class groups, as well as dissociative interaction involving the spread of fake news and competition in showing off smartphones. (3) The use of gadgets by students has positive impacts, such as better time management and easy access to lesson information, but also has negative impacts in the form of competition between students and inconvenience.
Efficacy of Botanicals and Insecticide Mixture on Third Instar Larvae of Trilocha varians
Authors: Javaid Saher , Safder Arfa , Malik Zainab , Munawar Maharukh , Naeem Hala , Rana Samreen , Saleem Usama , Javed Zeeshan , Ali Rashid , Ahmed Imran
Published: November 2023

Ficus benjamina is often known as weeping fig, planted in tropical and subtropical areas and the leaf eating caterpillar Trilocha varians is its major pest since 2019. This study evaluates two botanicals Azadirachta indica and Euclyptus globulus, alone and in combination with insecticides against this pest. The results showed that larval mortality was maximum when combined application of botanical and insecticide was given. Among tested botanicals, A. indica showed more toxicity than E. globulus. Combined applications of A. indica with insecticide gave 10.01, 16.63 and 21.22% mortality after 24, 48, and 72 hr of post treatment, respectively; while 6.45, 10.75 and 15.84% mortality was recorded after 24, 48 and 72 hr of combine application of E. globulus with insecticide. In all these evaluations, mortality increased with the time.
Acceptance of Insects as Food: An Exploratory Study of Young Consumers in Macau
Authors: Lampo Alessandro , Sun Hou Tong
Published: November 2023

Substitute foods are increasingly popular to reduce our environmental footprint and promote food security. As the world population is expected to grow and food resources become scarce, insects as food have recently gained attention as a viable alternative. In the present study, a model grounded on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is proposed and analyzed through structural equation modeling software (SmartPLS) to assess consumers' intentions toward insects as food. Except for subjective norm, both attitude and perceived behavioral control were key determinants of intention and, in turn, of actual use behaviour. Despite insects being consumed in nearly 1/4 of the sample (for instance in Chinese medicine), the study found that respondents were on average relatively unwilling to use them as a dietary habit. Also, it appeared that men were more likely to consume insects as food than women. The insights of our study have important implications for practitioners and policymakers seeking to promote sustainable nutritional practices among consumers. This study is particularly relevant for Macau, as the city positions itself as a "UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy" with the aim to develop internationally a unique and sustainable food image.
Compatibility of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin with Different Insecticides and Fungicides
Authors: Hirapara Ishita M , Jethva D M , Desai Ankur V , Patel Divya H
Published: November 2023

Compatibility of B. bassiana was studied in laboratory conditions with commonly used twelve insecticides and five fungicides with three doses (Lower, recommended and higher) by poison food technique. The results showed that the insecticide fipronil 5 SC 0.005% was found to be the most compatible at all doses, as it was categorized as harmless (Grade 1) to this fungus. However, carbosulfan 25 EC 0.025%, emamectin benzoate 5 SG 0.00125%, dimethoate 30 EC 0.015%, imidacloprid 17.8 SL 0.0026% and chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 0.003% were relatively harmless (Grade 1) at lower dose. At recommended dose, fipronil 5 SC 0.010%, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 0.006%, acetamiprid 20 SP 0.006% and dimethoate 30 EC 0.030% were compatible with tested fungus. Dichlorvos 76 EC and quinalphos 25 EC at all doses were categorized as harmful (Grade 4) to these fungi. In case of fungicides, chlorothalonil 75 WP was found to be the most compatible at all doses. Hexaconazole 5 EC, mancozeb 70 WP and carbendazim 50 WP were found slightly harmful (Grade 2) while propiconazole 25 EC at all doses was harmful (Grade 4) to this fungus. From the overall results it can be concluded that, among twelve insecticides, fipronil, chlorantranilliprole, acetamiprid, dimethoate, carbosulfan, novaluron and imidacloprid can be used with B. bassiana. Among five fungicides, chlorothalonil can be used with B. bassiana.
Impact of Essential Oils on Biological Traits of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii
Authors: M Sowmya , O S Bindhu , Subaharan K , T M Vinay Kumar , Y M Soundarya , R Varshney , O Navik , U Amala , S N Sushil
Published: November 2023

Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) reared on factious host rice moth Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is an egg parasitoid on lepidopteran pests. The essential oils, viz., ajowan Trachyspermum ammi, betel Piper betle, and sweet basil Ocimum basilicum and neem oil were assessed for their toxicity and biological traits like parasitism and emergence on T. chilonis. Among the EOs tested, T. ammi caused highest toxicity to T. chilonis (LC50 0.316 ppm) followed by P. betle (LC50 0.567 ppm). At sublethal dose, they had an impact on parasitism and adult emergence of T. chilonis. Whilst O. basilicum and neem oil were relatively safe at sublethal doses to T. chilonis. This study highlights the need to maintain a waiting period before the release of T. chilonis in EOs treated substrates.
Van ruilen komt huilen? Het beroep in zaak T-312/20 tegen de RWE/E.ON asset swap
Authors: Brouwer F.J.H.
Published: November 2023

Van ruilen komt huilen? Het beroep in zaak T-312/20 tegen de RWE/E.ON asset swap

Het Gerecht oordeelt in dit arrest over een complexe asset swap die is overeengekomen door RWE en E.ON op de Duitse energiemarkt. In het arrest wordt bevestigd dat derde partijen actief bij de administratieve procedure moeten zijn betrokken om ontvankelijk te zijn in hun beroep bij het Gerecht. Het Gerecht bevestigt voor het eerst dat een activaruil niet beoordeeld kan worden als één enkele concentratie, maar leidt tot verschillende te onderzoeken transacties. De Commissie moet in de beoordeling daarvan wel rekening houden met de gevolgen die de concentraties onderling tot stand brengen op de relevante markten, voor zover die gevolgen voorzienbaar zijn. De prioriteitsregel die de Commissie daarvoor heeft ontwikkeld, kan de reikwijdte van dat onderzoek in dit geval niet beperken. Afsluitend laten de arresten van het Gerecht zien dat er beperkt ruimte is voor een beoordeling van kartelaantijgingen binnen het concentratietoezicht.

Gerecht 17 mei 2023, T-312/20, ECLI:EU:T:2023:252 (E.ON/RWE asset swap)
Öğretmen Adaylarının Ortaöğretime Geçiş Sistemine İlişkin Algılarının ve Sistemi Geliştirmeye Yönelik Önerilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: SARIER Yılmaz
Published: November 2023

Bu çalışmada, öğretmen adaylarının ortaöğretime geçiş sistemi ile ilgili algılarının belirlenmesi ve sistemi geliştirmeye yönelik önerilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan olgubilim (fenomenoloji) deseni kullanılmış, çalışma grubunu 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılı güz döneminde Anadolu Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 147 öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur. Veriler içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Katılımcıların üçte biri sistemin olumlu ve olumsuz yönlerinin bulunduğunu, üçte ikisi ise sürecin hiçbir olumlu yönünün olmadığını belirtmişlerdir. Ortaöğretime geçiş sistemine yönelik olumlu algılara ilişkin üç alt tema (eşitlik ve adaletli ölçme ve yerleştirmeye fırsat vermesi, öğrencileri olumlu yönde etkilemesi, ülke gerçeklerine ve özelliklerine uygun olması), olumsuz algılara ilişkin beş alt tema (Öğrenciye yönelik etkiler, sistemin işleyişi, sınavın yapısı ve niteliği, okullar ve eğitim anlayışına yönelik etkiler, eşitsizlik ve adaletsizliğe yönelik algılar, ebeveynlere yönelik etkiler) belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, sistemin geliştirilmesine yönelik olarak bütüncül bir yaklaşımın benimsenmesi, çoklu ve esnek değerlendirme sisteminin uygulanması, her okulun kendi sınavını yapması, uygulamalı sınavların yapılması, nesnel ve nitelikli ölçmenin gerçekleştirilmesi, süreç odaklı ve okul notlarının göz önünde bulundurulduğu ölçme, değerlendirme ve yerleştirmenin yapılması, sosyo-kültürel etkinlikler ve projelerin de yerleştirmelerde değerlendirilmeye alınması, fırsat eşitliğini sağlayan politikaların geliştirilmesi gibi önerilerin katılımcılar tarafından üretildiği anlaşılmıştır.
Locomotor activity, object exploration and space preference in children with autism and Down syndrome
Authors: R. Kawa , E.* Pisula
Published: November 2023

There have been ambiguous accounts of exploration in children with intellectual disabilities with respect to the course of that exploration, and in particular the relationship between the features of explored objects and exploratory behaviour. It is unclear whether reduced exploratory activity seen with object exploration but not with locomotor activity is autism-specific or if it is also present in children with other disabilities. The purpose of the present study was to compare preschool children with autism with their peers with Down syndrome and typical development in terms of locomotor activity and object exploration and to determine whether the complexity of explored objects affects the course of exploration activity in children with autism. In total there were 27 children in the study. The experimental room was divided into three zones equipped with experimental objects providing visual stimulation of varying levels of complexity. Our results indicate that children with autism and Down syndrome differ from children with typical development in terms of some measures of object exploration (i.e. looking at objects) and time spent in the zone with the most visually complex objects.
The review of most frequently occurring medical disorders related to aetiology of autism and the methods of treatment
Authors: M. Cubała-Kucharska
Published: November 2023

The medical understanding of autism has changed since it was first defined by Kanner. Nowadays medicine identifies many medical abnormalities and diseases, which may underline or aggravate the cognitive aspect, behavioural issues and general health in autists. This includes chronic inflammation of gastrointestinal tract, dysbiosis, maldigestion, malabsorption, malnutrition, food intolerance, allergies, chronic viral, fungal and bacterial infections, impaired kidney function, impaired detoxification of endo- and exotoxins, disorders of metal ion transportation. Treatment of the above mentioned conditions combined with improving detoxification mechanisms, followed by a special diet and individually customized supplementation of nutritional deficiencies may lead to the improvement of the functioning of these patients, changing their level of functioning and self-dependence. The aim of this paper is to present medical problems of children with autism which may be identified and treated by general practitioners as a review of current medical papers related to Autism Spectrum Disorder, in the context of author's professional experience, based on the medical cases from author's practice.
Acoustic startle and disruption of prepulse inhibition by dizocilpine in selectively bred mice
Authors: Błaszczyk Janusz , Werka Tomasz , Sadowski Bogdan
Published: November 2023

In this study we examined the relationship between genetically produced differences in the magnitude of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response (ASR) and stress induced swim analgesia in genetically different strains of mice. Prepulse inhibition of the ASR and its changes due to dizocilpine (MK-801) injection were studied in 180 mice. The animals used in this study were obtained from our colony of 54 generation, Swiss-Webster mice selectively bred for high and low magnitude of analgesia. Three month old male mice of the high analgesia (HA) and the low analgesia (LA) lines, in addition to randomly bred controls (C), were used in the experiment. Thirty minutes before the ASR session the mice were injected intraperitoneally with saline or with 0.15, 0.25, 0.5 mg/kg of dizocilpine maleate. Prepulses suppressed the acoustic startle response in all lines in a prepulse intensity-dependent manner, but only the differences between the weakest and the strongest prepulses appeared significant. Two-way ANCOVA performed separately for each line revealed a significant effect of dizocilpine and prepulse intensity. Only in the HA line, however, the disruption of PPI from the injection of dizocilpine was evidenced by significant treatment by prepulse interaction. That means the prepulses decreased ASR significantly less in dizocilpine- treated animals than in saline-treated animals. The results confirmed that the mouse lines manifesting differential ASR magnitudes along with different degrees of PPI sensitivity to dizocilpine, might be suitable for pharmacogenetic studies on the glutaminergic mechanism of the startle response.
Hypoxia and high glucose activate tetrodotoxin-resistant Na(+) currents through PKA and PKC
Authors: Ton Bich-Hoai , Marin Adela , Dinu Crenguta , Banciu Daniel , Flonta Maria-Luiza , Ristoiu* Violeta
Published: November 2023

Voltage-gated sodium channels are critical for the initiation and propagation of action potentials and for the regulation of neuronal excitability. Hyperglycemia and hypoxia are two main changes in diabetes frequently associated with several complications. Although many studies on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats indicate that early diabetic neuropathy is associated with increased amplitude and faster kinetics of sodium channels, the distinctive roles of high glucose and hypoxia have not been completely clarified. Here we show that hypoxic and high glucose conditions (overnight exposure) increase activation and inactivation of TTX-RINa in DRG neurons without affecting the level of expression. Hypoxia and high glucose alone were potent enough to induce similar or even greater sensitization than when both conditions were present, without any of them having a predominant effect. PKA is mainly responsible of the one condition effect, while under both hypoxia and high glucose PKC was also contributing to alter the kinetics, although not in a cumulative manner. These data indicate that TTX-RINa is significantly modulated under short-time exposure to hypoxia and high glucose, a mechanism which might be relevant for diabetes-related complications or other diseases associated with acute hypoxia.
Migratory capabilities of human umbilical cord blood-derived neural stem cells (HUCB-NSC) in vitro
Authors: Janowski Miroslaw , Lukomska Barbara , Domanska-Janik Krystyna
Published: November 2023

Many types of neural progenitors from various sources have been evaluated for therapy of CNS disorders. Prerequisite for success in cell therapy is the ability for transplanted cells to reach appropriate target such as stroke lesion. We have established neural stem cell line from human umbilical cord blood neural stem (HUCB-NSC). In the present study we evaluated migratory capabilities of cells (HUCB-NSC) and the presence of various migration-related receptors. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed abundant expression of CXCR4, PDGFR-alpha, PDGFR-beta, c-Met, VEGFR, IGF-1R and PSA-NCAM receptors in non-adherent population of HUCB-NSC cultured in serum free (SF) conditions (SF cells). Biological activity of selected receptors was confirmed by HUCB-NSC in vitro migration towards SDF-1 and IGF-1 ligands. Additionally, rat brain-derived homogenates have been assessed for their chemoattractive activity of HUCB-NSC. Our experiments unveiled that brain tissue was more attracted for HUCB-NSC than single ligands with higher potency of injured than intact brain. Moreover, adherent HUCB-NSC cultured in low serum (LS) conditions (LS cells) were employed to investigate an impact of different extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins on cell motility. It turned out that laminin provided most permissive microenvironment for cell migration, followed by fibronectin and gelatin. Unexpected nuclear localization of CXCR4 in SF cells prompted us to characterize intracellular pattern of this expression in relation to developmental stage of cells cultured in different conditions. Continuous culture of LS cells revealed cytoplasmatic pattern of CXCR4 expression while HUCB-NSC cultured in high serum conditions (HS cells) resulted in gradual translocation of CXCR4 from nucleus to cytoplasm and then to arising processes. Terminal differentiation of HUCB-NSC was followed by CXCR4 expression decline.
Expression of BMP-2 and BMP-4 proteins by type-1 and type-2 astrocytes induced from neural stem cells under different differentiation conditions
Authors: Jian-Guo  , Yu-Xin  , Qi  , Rui  , Lin  , Chen  , Jin  , Jian-Sheng  , And
Published: November 2023

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), a subgroup of the TGF-beta superfamily, play critical roles in neural progenitor cell fate determination. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that can differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes under certain conditions. In our recent report, using an antibody that can recognize both BMP-2 and BMP-4 (BMP-2/4), we showed that BMP-2/4 is only expressed in astrocytes differentiated from NSCs in a medium containing 1 percent fetal bovine serum (FBS). In this in vitro model, the astrocytic differentiation of NSCs was mainly toward type-2. When NSCs were cultured in a medium containing 10 percent FBS, most of the cells differentiated into type-1 astrocytes. However, little information is available for BMP-2 and BMP-4 expression in type-1 and type-2 astrocytes induced from NSCs under these different culture conditions. In this study, using two antibodies specific for BMP-2 and BMP-4, respectively, we discriminated the presence of BMP-2 and BMP-4 in NSCs and their derivatives under 1 percent and 10 percent FBS culture conditions by RT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining. We found that BMP-2 and BMP-4 are highly expressed in both type-1 and type-2 astrocytes, and no detectable expression in NSCs, neurons and oligodendrocytes. This suggests that the astrocytes might be one source of BMPs during the differentiation of NSCs. However, in our model, we cannot exclude the possibility that microglia or endothelial cells could also be a source of BMPs.
Local blockade of NMDA receptors in the rat prefrontal cortex increases c-Fos expression in multiple subcortical regions
Authors: Nowak Karolina , Meyza Ksenia , Nikolaev Evgeni , Hunt Mark , Kasicki Stefan
Published: November 2023

Ketamine, phencyclidine and MK801 are uncompetitive NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonists which are used widely to model certain features of schizophrenia in rats. Systemic administration of NMDAR antagonists, in addition to provoking an increase in c-Fos expression, leads to important neurochemical and electrophysiological changes within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Since the mPFC is considered to exert a top-down regulatory control of subcortical brain regions, we examined the effects of local infusion of the NMDAR antagonist, MK801, into the mPFC on the expression of c-Fos protein (widely used marker of neuronal activation) in several subcortical structures. The experiment was performed on freely moving rats, bilaterally implanted with guide cannulae in the prelimbic mPFC, infused with MK801 or saline. Bilateral administration of MK801 to the mPFC produced changes in the behavior (increased stereotypy and decreased sleep-like behavior) and complex changes in c-Fos protein expression with significant increases observed in the nucleus accumbens (core and shell), amygdala (basolateral and central nuclei), the CA1 field of the hippocampus, and mediodorsal and paraventricular thalamic nuclei, as compared to the saline group. Together, we demonstrate that blockade of NMDA receptors in the mPFC is sufficient to lead to behavioral abnormalities and increased c-Fos expression in many, but not all, of the subcortical structures examined. Our findings suggest that some of the behavioral abnormalities produced by uncompetitive NMDAR antagonists may result from aberrant activity in cortico-subcortical pathways. These data support an increasing body of literature, suggesting that the mPFC is an important site mediating the effects of NMDAR antagonists.
Genetic engineering of stem cells for enhanced therapy
Authors: Nowakowski* Adam , Andrzejewska Anna , Janowski Miroslaw , Walczak Piotr , Lukomska Barbara
Published: November 2023

Stem cell therapy is a promising strategy for overcoming the limitations of current treatment methods. The modification of stem cell properties may be necessary to fully exploit their potential. Genetic engineering, with an abundance of methodology to induce gene expression in a precise and well-controllable manner, is particularly attractive for this purpose. There are virus-based and non-viral methods of genetic manipulation. Genome-integrating viral vectors are usually characterized by highly efficient and long-term transgene expression, at a cost of safety. Non-integrating viruses are also highly efficient in transduction, and, while safer, offer only a limited duration of transgene expression. There is a great diversity of transfectable forms of nucleic acids; however, for efficient shuttling across cell membranes, additional manipulation is required. Both physical and chemical methods have been employed for this purpose. Stem cell engineering for clinical applications is still in its infancy and requires further research. There are two main strategies for inducing transgene expression in therapeutic cells: transient and permanent expression. In many cases, including stem cell trafficking and using cell therapy for the treatment of rapid-onset disease with a short healing process, transient transgene expression may be a sufficient and optimal approach. For that purpose, mRNA-based methods seem ideally suited, as they are characterized by a rapid, highly efficient transfection, with outstanding safety. Permanent transgene expression is primarily based on the application of viral vectors, and, due to safety concerns, these methods are more challenging. There is active, ongoing research toward the development of non-viral methods that would induce permanent expression, such as transposons and mammalian artificial chromosomes.
Oxygen-glucose deprivation promotes gliogenesis and microglia activation in organotypic hippocampal slice culture: Involvement of metalloproteinases
Authors: Ziemka-Nałęcz Małgorzata , Stanaszek Luiza , Zalewska Teresa
Published: November 2023

Organotypic hippocampal cultures are used as an alternative model for studying molecular mechanism(s) of neurogenesis after combined oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) mimicking ischemic conditions. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of OGD on stem/progenitor cells proliferation and/or differentiation in the hippocampus. Our attention was primarily focused on the relationship between neurogenesis-associated processes and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Cell proliferation was detected by using BrdU incorporation. Newly generated BrdU (+) cells were identified by labeling with specific cell markers. In order to check the activity and localization of MMPs we conducted in situ zymography in conjunction with immunohistochemistry. In our experimental conditions OGD-insult followed by 24 h of recovery caused the damage of neuronal cells in CA1. At 1 week cell death appears all over the hippocampus. We found that expected stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis fails as a source of compensation for the lost neurons in OGD-treated cultures. The modulation of culture microenvironment after ischemia favors the dominant proliferation of glial cells expressed by the enhancement of newly-generated oligodendrocyte progenitors. In addition, during our study we also detected some BrdU labeled nuclei encapsulated by GFAP positive processes. However, the majority of BrdU positive cells expressed microglial specific stain, particularly pronounced in CA1area. The OGD-promoted responses involved activation of metalloproteinases, which matches the progression of gliogenesis. On the other hand, the high activity of MMPs associated with microglial cells implicate their involvement in the mechanism participating in OGD-induced cell damage.
Novel modified method for injection into the cerebrospinal fluid via the cerebellomedullary cistern in mice
Authors: Chen Yili , Imai Hideaki , Ito Akihiro , Saito Nobuhito
Published: November 2023

A modified method of injection into the cerebellomedullary (CM) cistern of mice was developed based on fixation of the mouse with a special mask under inhalation anesthesia, and exposure of the sagittal suture of the cranium and midline of the nape to allow us to visualize injection point directly. The accuracy of the modified method was evaluated using the temporal and spatial intracranial distribution of dye by intracisternal injection of 6- microliter methylene blue aqueous solution. A high concentration of dye was found in the CM cistern, the ventral cisterns, and intracranial proximal portion of the main cranial nerves at 1 hour after injection. The color of the dye in the CM cistern and the ventral cisterns was lighter, and the dye had reached the intracranial distal portion of the main cranial nerves at 6 hours after injection. The dye was completely eliminated by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation at 24 hours after injection. No severe brain injury was found in any of the 20 mice. Intracisternal injection was successful in all 14 mice sacrificed 1 hour or 6 hours after injection according to the confirmation of dye distribution. The effects of central administration of endothelin-1 (ET1) were evaluated on cerebral blood supply, constriction of cerebral arteries, and change of respiration in mice. Three doses of ET1 were studied: 2 micrograms (0.8 nmol), 4 micrograms (1.6 nmol), and 6 micrograms (2.4 nmol). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was monitored for 60 minutes following injection using a laser Doppler probe. Intracisternal ET1 injection induced dose-dependent reduction of CBF, constriction of cerebral arteries, and respiratory depression in mice. This modified method of injection into the CM cistern under direct visualization provides accurate and reproducible injection into the CSF, and can be used to investigate the effects of various chemical substances on the central nervous system in mice.
Dynein c1h1, dynactin and syntaphilin expression in brain areas related to neurodegenerative diseases following exposure to rotenone
Authors: Chaves Rodrigo , Melo Thaiany , D’Unhao Aline , Farizatto Karen , Ferrari Merari
Published: November 2023

Neurodegeneration is often accompanied by protein inclusions which may interfere with cell physiology. On the other hand, alteration in intracellular trafficking may precede impairment of neurotransmission and therefore trigger cell death. In view of this, it is hypothesized that changes in mitochondrial traffic may occur before neurodegeneration triggered by rotenone exposure and could favor this process. The effects of low concentrations of rotenone on the expression of dynein c1h1, dynactin and syntaphilin, which are proteins related to mitochondria transport and anchoring, were evaluated in cell cultures of substantia nigra, locus coeruleus and hippocampus as well as in these same brain areas in Lewis aged rats. The results indicate that low concentrations of rotenone decrease dynein c1h1 protein levels in cell cultures and brain areas of aged rats. Dynactin is decreased after exposure to 0.1 and 0.3 nM of rotenone, and increased after exposure to 0.5 nM of rotenone in cell cultures. Aged rats present increased dynactin expression. Syntaphilin expression decreased in vitro and increased in vivo after rotenone exposure. These findings suggest that changes in protein expression related to mitochondrial retrograde transport and anchoring occur before neurodegeneration induced by rotenone exposure, which may be a primary factor to trigger neurodegenerative mechanisms.
Daily rhythm of synapse turnover in mouse somatosensory cortex
Authors: Jasinska Malgorzata , Grzegorczyk Anna , Jasek Ewa , Litwin Jan , Kossut Malgorzata , Barbacka-Surowiak Grazyna , Pyza Elzbieta
Published: November 2023

The whisker representations in the somatosensory barrel cortex of mice are modulated by sensory inputs associated with animal motor behavior which shows circadian rhythmicity. In a C57/BL mouse strain kept under a light/dark (LD 12:12) regime, we observed daily structural changes in the barrel cortex, correlated with the locomotor activity level. Stereological analysis of serial electron microscopic sections of the barrel cortex of mice sacrificed during their active or rest period, revealed an increase in the total numerical density of synapses and in the density of excitatory synapses located on dendritic spines during the rest, as well as an increase in the density of inhibitory synapses located on double-synapse spines during the active period. This is the first report demonstrating a daily rhythm in remodeling of the mammalian somatosensory cortex, manifested by changes in the density of synapses and dendritic spines. Moreover, we have found that the excitatory and inhibitory synapses are differently regulated during the day/night cycle.
Recovery of locomotion after partial spinal cord lesions in cats: assessment using behavioral, electrophysiological and imaging techniques
Authors: Cohen-Adad Julien , Martinez Marina , Delivet-Mongrain Hugo , Rossignol Serge
Published: November 2023

This short review summarizes experimental findings made after spinal cord injury, mainly in cats. After a complete spinal injury, cats re-express hindlimb locomotion after 2–3 weeks because of a spinal locomotor circuitry named the central pattern generator or CPG. To investigate whether such circuits are also implicated in the recovery of locomotion after partial spinal lesions, we have used a dual spinal lesion paradigm. Essentially, after an initial unilateral hemisection, cats spontaneously recover quadrupedal locomotion. When a complete section is then performed 3 weeks after this hemisection, cats can walk with the hindlimbs within 24 hours compared to 2–3 weeks in cats with single complete spinal lesions demonstrating the importance of spinal mechanisms after partial lesions. Using kinematic and electromyographic methods to evaluate the changes throughout the dual lesion paradigm, we could show that the spinal cord reorganizes spontaneously without locomotor training or with training provided between the partial and complete spinal lesion. To assess spinal lesions we have used histology and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We will describe some advanced MRI techniques such as diffusion and magnetization transfer, which provide higher specificity to axon degeneration and demyelination. Examples of advanced MRI techniques in cats and humans are described, including the current limitations and perspectives.
NMDA receptor antagonists MK-801 and memantine induce tolerance to oxygen and glucose deprivation in primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells
Authors: Slomka Marta , Kuszczyk Magdalena , Lazarewicz Jerzy , Makarewicz Dorota
Published: November 2023

Preconditioning is an experimental strategy for reducing ischemic brain damage. There are reports that brief exposure of neurons to NMDA-receptor antagonists may be an adequate preconditioning stressor. We studied effects of preconditioning of the cerebellar granule cells (CGC) in primary culture by 30-minute exposure to NMDA receptor antagonists 0.5 microM MK-801 or 5 microM memantine. CGC were challenged with oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) or excitotoxic glutamate and cell viability was tested 24 h later using calcein/ethidium homodimer-1 staining. We studied glutamate-induced increases in 45Ca uptake and in the intracellular Ca2+ level assessed with the fluorescent probe fluo-3. The number of living cells In OGD-treated cultures decreased by 42 percent. Preconditioning with MK-801 or memantine 24 h earlier reduced cell death to 8 percent and 30 percent and 48 h earlier to 27percent and 33 percent, respectively. Pretreatment with MK-801 followed by the standard MK-801 wash out was slightly cytoprotective in a glutamate excitotoxicity test performed immediately; the protection increased significantly 24 h after preconditioning. In both cases the extensive wash out of MK-801 after preconditioning resulted in loss of cytoprotection. The increase in the intracellular Ca2+ level evoked by glutamate was decreased 24 h after preconditioning and even halved in the neuronal cultures 48 h after preconditioning with MK-801 and memantine. Glutamate-induced 45Ca uptake in these cells was decreased by 18 percent, irrespective of the time laps after preconditioning. These results demonstrate that preconditioning of CGC with NMDA receptor antagonists induces prolonged tolerance to OGD, which is accompanied by the reduction of glutamate-evoked calcium fluxes. The causal relationship between these effects may be suggested.
Design e avaliação de um jogo sério voltado para reabilitação de membros superiores e inferiores
Authors: Araújo Tiago de Souza , Ribeiro Filho Manoel , Pinto Jax Nildo Aragão , Rocha Norberto Ferreira , Machado Rogério Ruas , Da Costa Poliana Fereira
Published: November 2023

A área de reabilitação fisioterapêutica visa sempre melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes, porém o processo de tratamento fisioterapêutico pode ser considerado tedioso e cansativo. Diante disso, os Jogos Sérios se apresentam como ferramenta de auxilio no processo de recuperação de pacientes submetidos a tratamentos fisioterapêuticos. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever o processo de design e avaliação de um jogo sério voltado para reabilitação de membros superiores e/ou inferiores. O Desenvolvimento do jogo contou com a participação de 2 profissionais da área de domínio (1 fisioterapeuta e 1 terapeuta ocupacional) e com a participação de 4 pacientes que se encontravam em tratamento fisioterapêutico. A avaliação do jogo sério desenvolvido, GAFT, foi feita utilizando a métrica System Usability Scale (SUS), na qual foi verificado o atendimento dos critérios: facilidade de aprendizagem do jogo (82,03), eficiência do jogo (86,46), nível de inconsistências (87,50), satisfação do usuário (81,25) e facilidade de memorização (78,13). O score SUS foi de (84,38). Foi utilizado também o instrumento Serious Exergame Utility - Questionnaire (SEU-Q) para avaliação da percepção de utilidade do JS, o qual ajudou a identifiar importantes aspectos relacionados aos benefícios do uso do JS proposto.
A dupla listagem e o custo de capital: uma análise das empresas brasileiras emitentes de depositary receipts em tempos de crise financeira internacional
Authors: Queiroz Lísia de Melo , Pimenta Junior Tabajara
Published: November 2023

A dupla listagem é uma estratégia que supostamente pode minimizar os efeitos de uma crise financeira internacional sobre o risco e o retorno das ações da empresa. Este estudo buscou analisar se esta suposição é válida para companhias brasileiras, no contexto da crise de 2008.  Os efeitos da crise sobre retorno e risco das ações com dupla listagem foram também comparados com os das ações de empresas sem dupla listagem. As análises foram feitas, com base em testes estatísticos de hipóteses, sobre séries históricas de retorno referentes ao período de dez anos no entorno da crise financeira internacional de 2008. Os resultados mostraram que os impactos sobre ambos os tipos de empresas foram semelhantes. Estes resultados são compatíveis com os de Cotter (2004), Bin, Blenman e Chen (2004), e Huang e Stoll (2001), mas contradizem Chandar, Patro e Yezegel (2009). A principal conclusão do estudo é que a crise afetou de forma semelhante as ações de todas as empresas e, portanto, a dupla listagem não minimizou seus efeitos.
SUY NGHĨ VỀ VIỆC CHUYỂN SOẠN TÁC PHẨM ÂM NHẠC CHO ĐÀN GUITAR CỔ ĐIỂN
Authors: Vi Minh Huy
Published: November 2023

Chuyển soạn tác phẩm âm nhạc là một hình thức sáng tạo nghệ thuật rất phổ biến trong đời sống âm nhạc, đóng góp vai trò quan trọng trong lĩnh vực biểu diễn và làm phong phú thêm những nền tảng kỹ thuật cơ bản cho việc đào tạo biểu diễn nhạc cụ. Trong khối lượng tác phẩm viết cho đàn guitar cổ điển luôn tồn tại song song hai hình thức: (1) Những tác phẩm được viết nguyên bản cho đàn guitar do các tác giả chuyên nghiệp sáng tác. (2) Những tác phẩm được chuyển soạn cho đàn guitar từ những tác phẩm khí nhạc, những ca khúc nổi tiếng, những làn điệu dân ca… Trong bài viết này, chúng tôi đưa ra vài suy nghĩ về việc chuyển soạn tác phẩm âm nhạc cho đàn guitar cổ điển trong giảng dạy và biểu diễn hiện nay tại Việt Nam.
Peran Masyarakat dalam Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi
Authors: Risona Tarigan Frandy , Sumodiningrat Aprilian
Published: November 2023

The criminal act of corruption is an extraordinary crime, which can cause widespread damage to society, as stated in the preamble of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC). Corruption is a type of economic crime, where the losses suffered from this crime are related to the economy. This research is a doctrinal research using normative juridical method, as well as analytical descriptive. This study has two formulations of the problem, namely: first, what are the implications of corruption crimes on people's welfare?; Second, what is the role of the community in eradicating corruption? This research shows that: first, corruption crimes can greatly reduce the quality of people's lives, so that the eradication of corruption needs to be more enforced; secondly, much of the corruption that occurs in Indonesia is caused by a lack of social control, so that the role of society in eradicating corruption needs to be maximized as a means of controlling power.
The effects of increasing salinity levels on Sulla carnosa photosynthesis are mainly of stomatal nature
Authors: Hasna Ellouzi , Rabhi Mokded
Published: November 2023

Sulla carnosa Desf. plants were subjected to 0, 100, 200, and 300 mM NaCl for 40 days. Leaf and stem growth as well as root and leaf water contents were not affected even at 300 mM NaCl, confirming the halophytic nature of this species. An accumulation of Na+ in roots and at a higher magnitude in leaves together with a decline in K+ concentrations suggest that Na+ involvement in osmotic adjustment as a cheap osmoticum. This typical halophytic response together with the reduced transpiration rate by stomata closure may explain the ability of S. carnosa to maintain its water status. Interestingly, the stomatal limitations of photosynthetic activity did not affect Fv/Fm, F0, and PSII energy distribution to photochemical process [Y(II)], regulated non-photochemical quenching [Y(NPQ)], and non- regulated non-photochemical quenching [Y(NO)], which suggests a high ability of this halophyte to cope with the energy expected to exceed the demand for its photosynthesis.
Koncepcja kauzy zobowiązania podatkowego
Authors: Gryziak Bartosz
Published: November 2023

Celem poniższego opracowania jest rekonstrukcja koncepcji kauzy zobowiązania podatkowego i jej wpływu naproces stosowania prawa podatkowego. Koncepcja ta wpisuje się w postulaty funkcjonalnej, a w szczególnościgospodarczej wykładni prawa podatkowego, otwiera tym samym proces stosowania prawa podatkowego na kategorieo charakterze ekonomicznym, co wydaje się konieczne z uwagi na regularnie wypracowywane koncepcjezmierzające w tym kierunku ze względu na potrzebę zapewnienia materialnej sprawiedliwości podatkowej (mowao wspomnianej gospodarczej wykładni prawa podatkowego czy też współczesnych klauzulach antyabuzywnych).Postulaty zbieżne z postulatami koncepcji kauzy zobowiązania podatkowego są obecne w doktrynie prawa podatkowego, wobec czego koncepcja ta może być przydatna dla celów poznawczych
CYBERBULLYING E SEUS REFLEXOS NA SAÚDE MENTAL E SOCIAL DE JOVENS ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Da Silva Bianca Vitoria Vasconcelos , Caminha Analu Bezerra , Saraiva Deborah Stephanie de Souza , Barbosa Larissa Gleycielle Domingues , Lima Virginia Valeria Costa , Pereira Thiago Emmanuel da Silva , Martins Gizelly de Carvalho
Published: November 2023

Esta pesquisa traz esclarecimento sobre o Cyberbullying na adolescência através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, utilizando pesquisas de 2013 a 2023, visando esclarecer questões sobre a prevalência do fenômeno para fins de lucidar e dissertar sobre estratégias para intervenção e prevenção, fornecendo assim, formas de tratamentos e técnicas para lidar com o Cyberbullying, o adolescente e seus ambientes de socialização, trazendo à luz a importância da presença da família e a escola na vida desses adolescentes para a sua saúde psicológica e social. As obras utilizadas nesta pesquisa foram extraídas de quatro tipos de base de dados Periódicos Capes, PsycINFO, Scielo e Google Academics, com o critério de ser nacional e internacional, utilizando o total de 10 dimensões de análise: a) base de dados; b) ano de publicação; c) fonte (periódico); d) modalidade de produção cientifica; e) delineamento da pesquisa; f) local do estudo; g) número da amostra; h) objetivo do estudo; i) instrumentos utilizados; j) principais resultados. Resultando em um total de quinze pesquisas que entravam nas delimitações da revisão. Com base em todas as vertentes das obras coletadas, foi encontrada afirmações de que o cyberbullying é encontrado no ambiente escolar predominantemente, e que por meio desta alegação, a escola, em conjunto com a família, podem ser as principais redes de apoio a esses adolescentes que são vítimas, e assim contribuindo para a saúde psicológica e social deste indivíduo.
RIGHTS DEMANDED BY LGBT PEOPLE: A PRELIMINARY REFUTATION
Authors:   Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM), Malaysia, Abd. Majid Wan Roslili
Published: November 2023

The demand for a wider recognition of human rights as envisaged in many international conventions is not only directed to those living in traditional lifestyle, but also groups who are in LGBT relationships. This is reflected in many campaigns around the world for recognition and equal rights for LGBT people despite being opposed by many. Such campaigns could be seen manifested in many United Nations’ declarations and documents such as the Yogyakarta Principles. Attitudes towards the campaigns vary greatly in different cultures and countries. While some support LGBT rights, including the legal recognition of same sex marriage, adoption by same sex couple, and anti-discrimination laws, an equally widespread rejection exists in predominantly Muslim nations and in Africa, as well as in parts of Asia and Russia. Opponents in the Muslim world opined that claims made by LGBTs contradict Islamic and moral principles and norms. This article provides an insight and evaluates the intellectual arguments supporting and opposing the recognition of unlimited individual rights of LGBTs by adopting a doctrinal and qualitative analysis of the concept of LGBT and their practices.
MAHAR DAN NAFKAH SEBAGAI HAK PEMILIKAN HARTA WANITA DALAM KONTEKS KESAKSAMAAN GENDER
Authors:   International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia, Awang Abdul Bari , Abd Rahman Amilah Awang ,   International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: November 2023

Of late, gender equity, in the sense of justice applicable to both men and women, has become a hotly debated issue. As one of the world’s major religions, Islam’s position on the issue has also been subject of scrutiny and unfortunately, on several occasions, has been viewed with suspicions and seen as unbalanced. Islam is often regarded as a religion that prioritises men over women; men seem to possess more rights not only in such cases as polygamy and marital divorce but also in the possession of wealth through inheritance. This article attempts to provide a balanced view on the aforementioned issue by exploring the rights of women as stipulated in Islam, especially the rights of wealth possession (ḥuqūq māliyyah) in the family as an institution. In general, the article examines whether or not the existing rights of women render them on a par with men in regard to wealth possession. Specifically, this article addresses issues of dowry (mahr) and maintenance (nafaqah), as well as their impacts in elevating women’s position. Being an analysis based on primary sources of Islam, namely, the Qurʾān, the sunnah of the Prophet, as well as classical scholars’ discussions, the article concludes that, as far as Islam is concerned, gender equity is indeed realisable on the conditions that womens’ rights in Islam are well understood and sincerely fulfilled by all parties involved.
NGHIÊN CỨU BÀO CHẾ CAO LỎNG HÀNH ĐEN GIÀU CYCLOALLIIN
Authors: Nguyễn Hồng Sơn , Nguyễn Trọng Điệp , Văn Khắc Tuyên , Nguyễn Thị Thuỷ , Vũ Bình Dương , Phạm Văn Hiển
Published: November 2023

Mục tiêu: Bào chế được cao lỏng hành đen giàu cycloalliin (CYC). Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Các thông số ảnh hưởng đến chiết xuất cao giàu CYC từ hành đen được khảo sát và lựa chọn. Áp dụng các thông số lựa chọn được để xây dựng quy trình chiết xuất 200 g/mẻ và đánh giá độ lặp lại của quy trình thông qua độ thu hồi CYC. Kết quả: Các thông số phù hợp của quá trình chiết xuất cao lỏng hành đen giàu CYC đã được khảo sát và lựa chọn. Các thông số đó bao gồm phương pháp chiết là chiết nóng, dung môi chiết là ethanol (EtOH) 50%, tỷ lệ dung môi/dược liệu là 20/1 (mL/g), số lần chiết là 2 lần, nhiệt độ chiết là 80°C, thời gian cho mỗi lần chiết là 120 phút. Áp dụng các thông số trên, nghiên cứu này đã xây dựng được quy trình chiết xuất cao lỏng hành đen quy mô 200 g/mẻ với hiệu suất thu hồi cycloallin đạt 90,3 ± 0,6%. Kết luận: Xây dựng thành công quy trình bào chế cao lỏng hành đen giàu CYC quy mô 200 g/mẻ.