bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Typology of Detachment/ Involvement Styles Adopted During Pregnancy By First-Time Expectant Fathers
Authors: May Katharyn Antle
Published: March 2007

This paper reports an exploratory study of the experience of first-time expectant fathers that generated a grounded theory that describes a typology of detachment/involvement styles adopted by first-time expectant fathers. This paper is in three parts. First is a brief summary of the existing literature on expectant fatherhood. Following that, the design and methodology of the study will be described. The typology of detachment/involvement styles will then be presented, and the factors that contribute to adoption of a given style discussed. Finally, some implications of this research for pregnancy and birth care will be suggested, and directions for future research outlined.
Health Perceptions among Older Urban American Indians
Authors: Hatton Diane C.
Published: March 2007

There is a dearth of empirically based accounts dealing with healthfrom the perspective of older American Indians. Some have even referred to these individuals as a 'forgotten population" The purpose of the present investigation was to explore the phenomenon of health among urbanized members of this vulnerable population. More specifically, the study focused on how these individuals perceived their health and how they managed their health problems. Using the grounded theory method, discoveries indicated that these older adults constructed their ideas of health by observing signs of illness, incorporating the ideas of others, and evaluating getting around. Moreover, their health ideas often reflected a biomedical perspective. The data analysis also revealedfactors in the historical and contemporary context that had salient consequences for these individuals 'health beliefs and practices. Research implications include future studies of the complex factors that have consequences for health beliefs and practices, as well as a critical examination of the underlying social conditions that relate to health among these older American Indians.
The Rockefeller Agenda for American/Philippines Nursing Relations
Authors: Brush Barbara L.
Published: March 2007

The Philippines leads all countries in global nurse emigration. Today, Filipino nurses represent over 75% of the foreign nurse laborforce recruited to and working in American hospitals, most of which are inner-city municipally operated institutions with reported shortages of nursing personnel. This article examines the historical roots of the American/Philippines nursing relationship more generally and the particular role of the Rockefeller Foundation in the 20th-century emigration patterns and work practices of Filipino nurses. Examination of one group of nurse workers enhances an understanding of the ways in which social, cultural, economic, and political factors influence broader health care decisions.
Patient Education Materials Nurses Use in Community Health
Authors: Wilson Feleta L.
Published: March 2007

This study examined the reading level of patient education materials commonly used by nurses in a local health department, a community health center, and a home health care agency, and it also examined the cultural and ethnically related information included in the content of the selected educational materials. Results showed that a ninth-grade reading level was required for these patient education materials. A commercially developed booklet on parenting skills for teenage parents required the lowest reading level (fifth grade). In contrast, graduate reading level was required for materials dealing with the patient's bill of rights. Culturally sensitive information was found in only 4 of the 47 materials. In the clinical settings in which these materials were used, more than 90 ethnic and cultural groups were served. The materials used to educate these groups failed to recognize cultural beliefs, values, languages, perceptions, and attitudes held by patients and families.
Nurses' Adoption of a Patient-Controlled Analgesia Approach
Authors: Fulton Thomas R.
Published: March 2007

The value of a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) approach has been demonstrated in the literature. A group of nurses responsible for implementing a PCA approach in their agencies reported varying levels of success. It was not known how nurses'values, goals, and experiences influenced their innovation adoption behavior, nor was it understood how an organization's contextualfactors affected nurses'adoption of the PCA approach. The purpose of this study was to increase the understanding of the factors that influence nurses' adoption of PCA. A total of 13 coinvestigators responsible for the implementation of PCA in their agencies formed a participatory action research group. A phenomenological approach, using staff nurse focus groups, was chosen by the coinvestigators to gather data from their respective agencies. The concept of innovation adoption provided the frameworkfor the study.
Health Beliefs and Early Detection among Chinese Women
Authors: Hoeman Shirley R. , Ku Ya Lie , Ohl Diana Roth
Published: March 2007

Little is known about the knowledge and practices regarding early detection of cancer for Chinese women either living in their homelands or worldwide. The purpose of this exploratory study is to describe how cultural beliefs and understandings may influence participation in early detection programs for the increasing numbers of Chinese women who live in the United States. The Health Belief Model (HBM) emerged as a usefulframeworkfor categorizing data obtained in Mandarin from a qualitative study of married, educated Chinese women (n = 23; mean age 30.4 years) who attended a university clinic. Cultural beliefs about modesty, husband's involvement, self-care, relationship between health and body functions, and use of preventive health behaviors in the absence of illness influenced women's participation and supported the HBM. Early detection was not a clear concept for these women: 80% believed performing monthly breast self-examinations and 70% believed receiving annual Papanicolaou smears would prevent cancer
Quality of Life in Women with Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Ersek Mary , Ferrell Betty R. , Dow Karen Hassey , Melancon Cindy H.
Published: March 2007

Despite growing interest in quality of life (QOL) as an important variable in nursing and health care, little research focuses on QOL in women with ovarian cancer (OVCA). The purpose of this study was to examine QOL in OVCA survivors. The convenience sample consisted of 152 women in all disease stages. Quantitative data were collected using the QOL-Cancer Survivors tool and a demographic sheet. Qualitative data were collected by asking participants to write their definitions and experiences of QOL since their diagnosis. Reliability and validity of all data and findings were established. Findings reveal that QOL is moderately highfor this group of cancer survivors, despite some specific negative facets of the illness and treatment experience. Qualitative analysis elaborates the four domains of Ferrell's QOL model: physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being. Qualitative data also reflect the complexity of the cancer experience.
HIV Risk Behaviors Become Survival Techniques for Aboriginal Women
Authors: Mill Judy E.
Published: March 2007

In northern Alberta, the Aboriginal (native)female population appears to be overrepresented in the HIV statistics. A qualitative research study was designed to explore the cultural factors that relate to the high HIVinfection rate in these women. Eight HIV-positive women were interviewed for the study, representing about one third of the population. A model was developed to explain the relationships that exist between the women's formative years, their self-esteem, and the survival techniques they used prior to becoming HIV-positive. These survival techniques may have placed them in situations that increased their risk of infection with the HIV virus.
By Popular Demand: I Will See Danzón Until I Can't Stand it Anymore
Authors: Arredondo Isabel
Published: March 2007

Mexican filmmaker María Novaro challenges populist stereotypes by presenting an antipatriarchal and dynamic representation of the popular. Novaro's film Danzón (1991) fulfills both popular taste and expectations while also problematizing them. The author uses French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of “taste” and “intention” to respond to the question, How could the same Mexican film, Danzón, be liked by intellectuals at Cannes Film Festival and low-income workers in Mexico? The author also reviews Mexico's cultural politics and its history of representing the popular.
Hidden Truth: Theories of Intellectual Work in the Advertising Copy of a Mass Communication Genre: A Multidisciplinary Perspective on the Lost Eden Scenario
Authors: Kray Susan
Published: March 2007

Temporal Orientalism provides a tool for analyzing the advertising of a genre of mass-marketed paperbacks, which is the literature of a women's religious social movement. Through it, the Goddess movement advertises its message as liberatory feminist revelation, with historical claims proved by archaeology. Cover copy advertises what the author calls the lost Eden scenario, in which an imagined savage male Other despoils an imagined ancient matriarchy. The identity of this villainous male Other is withheld in the advertising, but revealed, “who-dunit” style, in the books: it is a racial identity. Hence, the advertising, like the books, reflects in its monotheism, its reliance on authority, its blame of an Orientalized Other, and so on, a Goddess religion that in many ways mirrors characteristics the authors describe as patriarchal when they criticize other religions.
Reforming the Negative through History: The U.S. Information Agency and the 1957 Little Rock Integration Crisis
Authors: Schwenk Melinda M.
Published: March 2007

During the cold war, the U.S. Information Agency (USIA) used documentary films to explain America's race relations to the rest of the world. In 1963, the USIA was able to address race problems more directly after President Kennedy sponsored significant civil rights legislation. Although U.S. presidents considered the use of military force to promote integration a domestic political failure, a popular subject for USIA films was the 1957 Little Rock integration crisis in which President Eisenhower used federal troops to protect nine teenagers who integrated Central High School. This article traces the use of this domestic policy failure in five USIA documentaries, examining the political influences on the films and evaluating the documentaries' success in addressing the nation's race problems for overseas audiences.
The Crisis of the International Capitalist Order and Its Implications for the Welfare State
Authors: Navarro Vicente
Published: March 2007

This article analyzes the current crisis of the international capitalist order and its consequences for the welfare state policies of developed and underdeveloped capitalist countries. Special emphasis is given to the impact of the crisis on state health care policies in those countries. The first part discusses capital's and labor's response to the crisis, with special focus on (a) capital's political and ideological interventions in the areas of production, consumption and legitimation; and (b) their realization as health care policies. The second part analyzes (a) the major capitalist responses to the crisis, ie, the 'market' and the 'social contract' strategies; and (b) their consequences in health care policy. The last part critically evaluates the call for a new economic order and its limitations.
The Reaganomics of Welfare: the Unfolding of the Austerity Programme
Authors: Rayner Geof
Published: March 2007

In his article in this issue Vicente Navarro augments his presentation on the global nature of the crisis of social welfare under capitalism with a financial summary of the Reagan budget (for fiscal year 1981/82). This article adds additional flesh to Navarro's discussion through an examination of some of the critical details as well as wider implications of the Reagan budget, particularly as it affects recipients of social welfare programmes for the coming period
The Politics of Local Authority Finance
Authors: Howells Chris
Published: March 2007

The last three years has seen a massive onslaught by Central Government on the finances of local authorities in the UK. Not only has the Tory Government sought to control aggregate local finances but also their components, through restrictions on both the way they are raised and the services on which they are spent. In this article the mechanism and objectives of this attack are examined in an attempt to expose both the political nature of Central Government control and the myths that are used to justify such control.
Why citizenship and welfare rights offer new hope for new welfare in Britain
Authors: Alcock Pete
Published: March 2007

This article outlines the prospects for new political strategies for state welfare in Britain in the 1990s, based upon the notion of citizenship and the idea of right to welfare as alternatives to the Thatcherite appeal for a private market in Welfare provision. The failure of post war state welfare provisions, which has been exploited over the past decade by Thatcher ism, was in large part a product of their failure to recognise the rights of consumers of welfare services. A commitment to guaranteed rights to welfare, coupled with democratic participation in the delivery of welfare services, could be the basis of a universal and popular appeal for renewed support for a different form of state welfare in the future. The development of welfare rights work over recent years provides an (incomplete) model of how such a strategy could be articulated in practice.
Globalization and the technocratization of social work
Authors: Dominelli Lena , Hoogvelt Ankie
Published: March 2007

Few commentators have focused on how globalization has impacted on social work practice. This article demonstrates the significance of global ization on the process of intervention and the labour process in social work. As a result of global market forces, needs-led assessments and re lationship building have given way to budget-led assessments, increased managerial control over practitioners and bureaucratised procedures for handling consumer complaints. Led by the purchase-provider split in service provision as the British state's response to the market discipline imposed by the privatization of the welfare state, these changes seek to reorient social work away from its commitment to holistic provisions and social justice towards technocratic competencies which are the purview of the externally direct bureaucrat.
The political transformation of the health inequalities debate
Authors: Wainwright David
Published: March 2007

Class variations in health were a government taboo during the 1980s, but are now being rehabilitated. This 'conversion' is possible because socialist alternatives to capitalism are increasingly perceived to be intel lectually and organizationally defunct. Rather than an imperative to wards the re-distribution of wealth and extensive welfare provision, 'health inequalities' can therefore be appropriated to legitimate policies which have more to do with solving the problems of the state than the pursuit of equity. The new proposals, particularly those which are claimed to 'empower' people, are more likely to extend the regulation of working-class neighbourhoods, and reinforce feelings of powerlessness.
Progress or neglect? Reviewing the impact of care in the community for the severely mentally ill
Authors: Sullivan Patrick
Published: March 2007

For over one hundred years the large Victorian mental hospitals domi nated the provision of services for people with a serious mental illness. Many of these hospitals have now closed and the future for those remaining is uncertain. Mental Health services are now provided pre dominantly in the community and this new pattern of services has been subject to considerable debate and controversy following public and pol itical concern that this approach is failing. The purpose of this article is to consider the impact of care in the community for the severely ill. To do this it will be necessary to review the origins and content of this approach to care and to briefly remind the reader of the main critique of the large institutions, for so long the focus of care. The article will then consider the impact of community care on both the patients who left the large mental hospitals and the new generation of individuals who have developed mental health problems since the hospital closures.
Vocabularies of citizenship and gender: Denmark
Authors: Siim Birte
Published: March 2007

The language of citizenship has not till recently been used explicitly in the political discourse or in the academic debate about the welfare state and democracy in Denmark. This article explores the connection between citizenship and the sub-vocabularies of social equality, universality and participation in the political discourse. It is suggested that during the 1990s new vocabularies of citizenship have been introduced, as well as a new framework of citizenship, in the academic debate. The changes are discussed on the basis of three different cases: (a) parent-citizens as users of service provision; (b) the temporary leave schemes for citizen workers; and (c) activation of workers. The new language is contradictory and con tested. And it is an open question whether in the future we shall see a break with the former discourse of social equality and universality and an expansion of a more work-oriented welfare state, or a move toward a more solidaristic discourse that expands the principles behind the leave schemes. The article concludes by speculating about the future chal lenges for citizenship and the need to develop a new vision of equality and solidarity.
Regard between strangers: diversity, equality and the reconstruction of public space
Authors: Cooper Davina
Published: March 2007

This article critically explores public space as a site and object of policy, and examines the way in which the spatial agendas of the New Urban Left and New Labour have been articulated to normative paradigms of community. I argue that both Labour approaches are limited in their understanding and approach towards space. In particular, their concep tion of public space as an already existing site for policy detracts atten tion from the processes of creating public space. In focusing on this process, I reject a public space framework based on formally universal access to explore the capacity of spaces to create communities as public— in other words as collectivities of strangers sharing equal regard. The final section explores the role of spatial heterogeneity, use-bans and cul tural symbols in developing public space.
The (Un)Reasonableness of Ad Hominem Fallacies
Authors: van Eemeren Frans H. , Meuffels Bert , Verburg Mariël
Published: March 2007

Starting from a pragmadialectical concept of reasonableness, the judgments of ordinary arguers concerning the reasonableness of discussion moves were investigated, concentrating on argumentum ad hominem fallacies. Three variants of ad hominem were presented to the respondents: (a) the abusive direct personal attack, (b) the circumstantial indirect personal attack, and (c) the you too! (tu quoque) variant. These fallacies were incorporated in items of three types: (a) a scientific discussion, (b) a political debate, and (c) a domestic discussion. As predicted, the respondents regarded speech acts with an ad hominem fallacy as lacking in reasonableness. They considered the direct personal attack least reasonable, then the indirect personal attack, then the tu quoque fallacy. In a scientific discussion, ad hominem fallacies were viewed as less reasonable than in the other two types of discussion.
Children’s Referential Communication Failure
Authors: Girbau Dolors
Published: March 2007

A referential communication task of abstract figures was performed by 64 third- and fifth-grade speakers, who produced messages for an imaginary listener. The results revealed that 8-year-olds produced twice as many ambiguous messages as 10-year-olds, and that the mean length of message was twice as abbreviated in third than fifth graders. It is concluded that 8-year-olds use speech that is less adapted to an unknown decoder than 10-year-olds (who also produced some ambiguous messages). The roles of breakdown of egocentric speech and task difficulty are discussed.
When People Explain Difficult Actions, is the Causal Question How or Why?
Authors: McClure John , Hilton Denis J. , Cowan Jodie , Ishida Lucyna , Wilson Marc
Published: March 2007

Recent research shows that the framing of causal questions influences the choice of goals and preconditions as explanations of actions. However, research has not examined participants’ judgments as to which causal questions are most relevant to explain actions. Study 1 examined which question (“why” or “how”) participants would use to gain information to help them explain actions that required substantial preconditions. As a measure of difficulty (obstruction), the target actors were defined as rich, poor, or unspecified groups. Actions performed by rich people elicited more “why” questions and goal explanations, whereas actions performed by poor people elicited more “how” questions and precondition explanations. The second study examined the effects of causal questions on explanations, using colloquial causal questions in addition to those used in previous research. The findings indicate that the difficulty of an action for social groups influences causal questions, which in turn predict preferred explanations.
Construction and Action in Food Evaluation
Authors: Wiggins Sally
Published: March 2007

This study engages both social psychological research on “attitudes” and discursive work on “evaluative practices.” Methodological constraints in both of these fields have resulted in a relative lack of attention to everyday interaction. By using conversational data, the current study extends discursive research and highlights the constructive and constructed nature of food evaluations. Family mealtimes were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed using discursive and conversational analytic procedures. Direct evaluative expressions such as “like” and “nice” were examined in terms of their construction and placement in the talk. The rhetorical organization of these expressions highlighted the extent to which food evaluations are oriented to actions such as accounts, compliments, and offers of food. Examples of these activities are discussed in relation to the interactional construction of evaluations. Implications of the study for the fields of food preferences and health promotion are also addressed.
Language and Ethnic Identity: An Overview and Prologue
Authors: Gudykunst William B. , Schmidt Karen L.
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this essay is to overview the study of language and ethnic identity. The general role of language in social categorisation and the influence of social categorisations on language attitudes, as well as the specific influence of ethnic identity on the microsociolinguistic, macrosociolinguistic, and social psychological aspects of language use, language attitudes, sociolinguistic stereotypes, ethnolinguistic vitality, and speech accommodation are reviewed. The contributions to the present volume also are outlined in the context of these areas of research.
The Structure and Organisation of Verbal and Nonverbal Behaviour: Data for Models of Reception
Authors: Cappella Joseph N. , Palmer Mark T.
Published: March 2007

The question of the relationship between verbal and nonverbal behaviours is addressed from the point of view of the effects that these behaviours have on judgments that participants and observers make about persons enacting these behaviours. Behaviours that produce similar judgments may be said to have similar functions or meanings. Literature relevant to the effects of various verbal and nonverbal behaviours on judgments of control and affiliation is summarised. The theoretical implications of this work are examined in the areas of participant vs observer judgments, judgmental heuristics and rules of combination.
Powerful Versus Powerless Language: Consequences for Persuasion, Impression Formation, and Cognitive Response
Authors: Gibbons Pamela , Busch Jon , Bradac James J.
Published: March 2007

Although the literature on the consequences of powerful and power-less language styles for impression formation is extensive, the persuasive effects of power of style have been neglected. Accordingly, a 2 x 2 x 2 experiment was conducted (strong vs. weak argument strength x high vs. low power language x relevant vs. irrelevant topic). Respondents read a message arguing for implementing comprehensive examinations for college seniors which served as a vehicle for the independent variables. Dependent measures consisted of scales assessing persuasion and communicator style/ability. Additionally, cognitive responses were assessed. Dependent measures for persuasion and communicator attributes yielded a three-factor solution: Persuasion, CompetencelControl and Sociability. Further analyses indicated that strong arguments were generally more persuasive than weak ones regardless of relevance, and power of style had no effect upon Persuasion. On the other hand, powerful versus powerless language had a strong effect upon ratings of communicator CompetencelControl and, in conjunction with argument strength, Sociability. Among other things, the cognitive response data indicated that persons were more likely to think about the powerless style than the style that was ostensibly powerful. The results offer little support for Petty and Cacioppo's Elaboration Likelihood Model of persuasive effects.
The Faclal Feedback Hypothesis in Human Interaction
Authors: Cappella Joseph N.
Published: March 2007

In theory and research on human emotional response, the facial feedback hypothesis (FFH) has held a special place because its claims are both counterintuitive and controversial. In this article, evidence for the hypothesis is reviewed in light of certain of the critical assessments of the hypothesis. It is concluded that the empirical evidence and the theoretical speculation are of sufficient strength to warrant confidence in the reliability of the FFH. The FFH is applied to the interpersonal context by noting the evidence for the imitation of facial expressions in both adults and infants. The `interpersonal facial feedback hypothesis' holds that in face-to-face contexts the hedonic tone of facial displays achieved through imitation should influence the underlying affect experienced by the partners. The link between facial imitation and affect can account in part for their attraction to the partner and situation. A reanalysis of previous data provides evidence for the imitation of smiles in conversation among various types of dyads and for an independent effect of a person's own smiles on his or her own attraction to the partner (after the effects of other predictors of attraction have been removed).
The Expression of Emotion and Social Status in the Language of Bumper Stickers
Authors: Newhagen John E. , Ancell Michael
Published: March 2007

A content analysis of a Washington, D.C., suburb looked at the emotional tone of bumper stickers in neighborhoods preselected for their racial mix and economic status. Analysis showed bumper-sticker usage was highest in low-income neighborhoods, regardless of race. High-income White neighborhoods had the most positive and intense stickers. Results are discussed in terms of the apparent discrete nature of the four groups studied. High-income African Americans in particular were more subdued in their bumper stickers than either their economic or racial counterparts.
Uncovering the Role of Gender Stereotypes in Speech Perception
Authors: Strand Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2007

This work examines the effect of gender stereotypes on the perception of language by drawing together findings from the fields of speech perception, gender studies, and social psychology. Results from two speech perception experiments are reviewed that show that listeners’ stereotypes about gender, as activated by the faces and voices of speakers, alter the listeners’ perception of the fricatives /s/ and /∫/ . One experiment employs auditory-only consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) tokens and the other employs audiovisual stimuli created from the same tokens synthesized with talking faces. This effect of stereotypes on low-level speech processing must be accounted for in models of perception, cognition, and the relationship between the physical and social environment.
Managing Schools in a Centralised System
Authors: Fenech Joseph M.
Published: March 2007

This edition focuses on decentralisation and its implications. In this paper, Joseph Fenech, Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Education, University of Malta, offers a portrait of the work of four headteachers as local administrators within Malta's highly centralised system. He suggests that even within such a system a level of professional discretion remains possible at the level of the individual school.
Qualitative Research, Educational Management and the Incorporation of the Further Education Sector
Authors: Elliott Geoffrey , Crossley Michael
Published: March 2007

Geoffrey Elliott and Michael Crossley are at the School of Education of the University of Bristol. In this paper they present a case for the increased application of qualitative research methodologies in the study of educational management. This view is explored in the context of a study of aspects of the management of the newly incorporated further education sector.
Efficiency, Equity and Exchange in Education
Authors: Thomas Hywel
Published: March 2007

The emergence of market forms in education requires analysis of the organizational contexts through which provision is made. Such an analysis suggests that the task of policy-makers is managing a mixed economy of provision. In order to examine the impact of different mixed economies, the author draws upon the concepts of efficiency and equity-as key social and economic criteria-and applies them to some recent field research. Finally, the paper considers the status of research evidence in contributing to `objective' judgements on the performance of education systems in meeting their goals.
Accounting for the Audit Commission
Authors: Holloway David G.
Published: March 2007

The work of the Audit Commission has received little attention from educational researchers even though it has carried out influential research and published extensively on aspects of educational policy and management. This paper provides a brief account of the role and functions of the Commission. A selection of its publications relating to the role of LEAs, FE sector management, 16-19 education provision and surplus places in primary schools are examined. The author suggests that the Commission `punches above its weight' due to its ability to link with other government initiatives, its use of rigorous investigation methodology and a politically astute approach to the dissemination of findings and recommendations.
Why Systems?
Authors: Baecker Dirk
Published: March 2007

With reference to three seminal books on cybernetics, communication theory and the calculus of distinctions, this article discusses some main threads in Niklas Luhmann's sociological systems theoretical thinking. It argues that the systems theory, despite its still lively reputation in some quarters of the humanities, is not technocracy's last attempt to cope with the complexity of modern society. Rather, it is an inquiry into the improbability of communication and into its translation into social structure, or better, into social form.
The Pharmacotic War on Terrorism
Authors: George Larry N.
Published: March 2007

The Greek words `pharmakon' and `pharmakos' allude to the complex relations between political violence and the health or disorder of the body politic. This article explores analogies of war as disease and contagion, and contrasts these with metaphors of war as politically healthy and medicinal - as in Randolph Bourne's notion of war as `the health of the state'. It then applies these to the unfolding US `War on Terrorism' through the concept of `pharmacotic war', by way of examining the disturbing political implications of both unfolding US military actions abroad and the scapegoating of internal `enemies' within the United States. The article then critiques various strategies for interrupting the momentum towards a catastrophic `clash of civilizations' between the US and the Islamic world, and proposes a strategy of broadly based, grassroots political mobilization for opposing this trend.
`On Me, Not in Me'
Authors: Patton Cindy
Published: March 2007

Throughout the 1980s, the American right wing attempted to control the field of social politics and social policy through a rhetoric of `family'. In response, the left, including much of the lesbian and gay movement, abandoned an early, theorized antipathy to family, attempting to recapture the political field with ideas like `alternative families' and `families we chose'. These moves do not sufficiently account for the hidden glue that binds bodies to politics, national or anti-national. The glue, or, as Benedict Anderson calls it, `political love' is no longer an affect to be rejected but a `feeling' to be embraced. Examining the case of sexual abstinence in early right-wing AIDS discourse and in current websites, this article suggests that micro-politics of love are inextricable from macro-politics of nationalism.
The End of the Millennium or The Countdown
Authors: Baudrillard Jean
Published: March 2007

All we have left of the millenarian dateline is the countdown to it. The digital clock at the Beaubourg Centre, which shows the countdown in millions of seconds, is the perfect symbol for this century as it illustrates perfectly the reversal of modernity's relation to time. Time is no longer counted progressively from an origin but by subtraction, as with rocket launches or time bombs. This is a perspective of entropy. We no longer live with a vision of a world of progress and production. When you count the seconds separating you from the end, it means that everything is already at an end; we are already beyond the end.
Setting up a Neighbourhood Advice Centre in Central Harrow
Authors: Robinson Sue
Published: March 2007

The author outlines the beginnings of a 'community project' involving a range of statutory, voluntary and community resources, intended to provide a range of better services to clients, and to contribute to the prevention of crime. She draws attention to the importance of involving volunteers, clients and ex-clients.
Conciliation: Current Practice and Future Implications for the Probation Service
Authors: Guise Jennie
Published: March 2007

Further evidence of the effectiveness of Conciliation, as developing in Birmingham Divorce Court, with particular emphasis on the children's presence in interviews.
The Probation Order: Vehicle of Social Work or Social Control?
Authors: Senior Paul
Published: March 2007

The Chair of NAPO's Probation Practice Committee reviews recent writings and practice, and suggests that there are five approaches to Probation Orders. Greater clarity of values and purpose will inform the choices for the Service ahead.
The Court Welfare Role: Finding the Balances?
Authors: Pugsley Judith
Published: March 2007

Birmingham has twenty court welfare officers in three teams, undertaking all civil work in the city. As the largest group of civil workers in the country, they have found it difficult to share common identity. They recently spent a day examining the ideas and myths each team feels about the others, and identified nine tensions within their welfare role.
The Next Five Years: A Further Contribution
Authors: Bartell John
Published: March 2007

, POA Chair, reaches pessimistic conclusions
Feminist Theory And Probation Practice
Authors: Lancaster Elizabeth
Published: March 2007

Elizabeth Lancaster reflects on issues implicit in the continuing discussion concerning probation officers' approach to domestic violence. She argues that feminist theory is more diverse than is popularly understood and that a radical feminist analysis logically followed into practice poses difficulties for practitioners who, in reality, draw on varied theoretical perspectives.
Blindfolds Off: The Current State of Rehabilitation
Authors: Franks Julie
Published: March 2007

This is the second in a series of papers which seek to explore the relationship between the traditional hard core of skills training prescribed by UK training bodies in the field of rehabilitation qualifications to work with blind and partially sighted people and the part this core content plays in the delivery of services on the cusp of the twenty-first century. The curriculum area of dally living skills (DLS) customarily encompassing the teaching of independent culinary, personal and home management skills to blind and partially sighted people has provoked Increasing debate in recent times on questions of content, method and relevance to contemporary professional practice. It is with these concerns in mind that the results of an ongoing research project undertaken jointly by the Universities of Birmingham and of Central England in Birmingham are presented to contribute to the development of this discussion.
Low vision devices and the diabetic patient
Authors: Rubinstein M.R. , Currie A.D.M. , Rundstrom M.M. , Amoaku W.M.A. , Rubinstein M.P.
Published: March 2007

A telephone questionnaire was used to evaluate a group of diabetic patients with regard to monitoring of their glycaemic control and administration of their medication. All 50 patients had been assessed by an ophthalmologist and an optometrist in a hospital-based clinic. Nearly half (46%) of the patients reported that they relied on a carer/spouse to carry out or assist with these functions. This was not found to correlate with the patient's age or visual acuity. Nearly three-quarters (73%) of the self-caring group reported using their prescribed low vision device (LVD) in some aspect of their diabetic management. It is important for all involved in the management of diabetic patients to ascertain the social circumstances of the patient and to identify the carers. Practitioners in low vision services should pay particular attention to these aspects, especially the specific applications of low vision devices to help give the patient maximum independence.
Client assessment (mobility training)
Authors: Dodds Allan G. , Beggs W. D. Alan , Clark-Carter David
Published: March 2007

The problem of assessing a client's needs in respect of mobility training is a crucial one for MOs. This paper examines the ways in which assessment is undertaken. MOs use three sorts of data to arrive at their judgements — observational, interpersonal and clinical. The results of four experiments show that these data are unreliable and are probably also invalid measures of mobility performance. The value o f the largely subjective methods currently used in assessment is questioned, as is the lack of explicit awareness of an effective assessment methodology.
Future technology for talking books
Authors: Friedlander C.
Published: March 2007

There has been a great deal of interest recently in possible applications of new audio technology to talking books for visually handicapped people. This article outlines some of the issues and options.
Harnessing the community: moon script, the Moon-Writer and sighted volunteers
Authors: Tobin Michael J. , Hill Eileen W.
Published: March 2007

The steadily increasing numbers of visually impaired people will necessitate new approaches to the teaching of reading and writing. The close similarity of moon script to the familiar print alphabet, and the relative ease with which it can be learned by blind and sighted adults, may make it a useful alternative to braille. An account is given of some experimental courses in which adults have been trained to read and write moon script, and it is argued that the success of these courses suggests that rehabilitation professionals could use non-expert, sighted volunteers to teach moon to newly blinded people.
Motivation reconsidered: the importance of self-efficacy in rehabilitation
Authors: Dodds Allan G.
Published: March 2007

Lack of motivation in clients has been traditionally taken to indicate a failure of adjustment to visual loss. The loss model implicit in this view is questioned on theoretical and empirical grounds. An alternative model is presented in which self-efficacy is regarded as the primary factor in adjustment, and theoretical and empirical arguments are advanced to support the view that early skill-oriented intervention can prevent loss of competence and foster a sense of personal control essential to successful rehabilitation.
Employability: the challenge ahead
Authors: Brothers Michael
Published: March 2007

The author outlines the problems faced by visually impaired people in finding appropriate employ ment, and discusses the attempts being made to improve the situation in the UK, USA and Europe. The article proposes further steps that should be taken in the near future.
A job-seeking skills course for visually handicapped students in higher education
Authors: Roy Archie W.N.
Published: March 2007

This article details the aims and procedure of a two-day course designed to meet the job-seeking needs of blind and partially sighted students in higher education. The content of sessions is described, along with the combination of methods used in the course.
Information used in rehabilitation decisions: some research results
Authors: Hill Adrian R. , Aspinall Peter A. , Greenwood Richard
Published: March 2007

This paper describes the results of a research programme (1988-89) directed at determining what information is used by the staff in social services departments responsible for making decisions about the rehabilitation of visually handicapped people. Four principal categories of information were identified: personality and aptitude traits; level of social and financial support; general health (including age); and aspects of visual function. The first two sources of information accounted for 65% of discriminations made for alternative course of action in rehabilitation, while information about visual function was the least frequently used (i.e. 11%). There was no evidence that informa tion about a patient/client's clinical diagnosis was used in decision-making about rehabilitation. The results of this study were used to assist redrafting of the revised BD8 (1990) form.
Why belong to the European Blind Union?
Authors: Wall John
Published: March 2007

This article outlines the many advantages offered to the United Kingdom by membership of the European Blind Union. The author has been the Secretary General of the European Blind Union since 1992.
The management of low vision in children
Authors: Best Anthony B.
Published: March 2007

In 1992 the World Health Organisation (WHO) held a seminar on low vision in Bangkok, Thailand. One of its rapporteurs, Tony Best, reports that it resulted in significant developments in the guidelines available to those responsible for the management of low vision and low vision services. The seminar brought together a small group of experienced professionals from the medical and educational fields. Their brief was to examine how people with low vision function, how their needs could be met and to provide recommendations for services. A particular interest of the group was the development of services in developing countries, or in the South. However, much of the seminar work considered services in both developing and developed regions and this summary reflects the many common concerns and solutions. (Text other than that in italics is quoted directly from the proceedings of the Seminar: 'Management of Low Vision in Children; Report of a WHO Consultation, Bangkok, 23-24 July, 1992; WHO/PBL/93.27' available from WHO, Geneva).
AUDETEL: Enhancing television for visually impaired people
Authors: Pettitt Bridget , Sharpe Katharine , Cooper Steven
Published: March 2007

Television plays an important role in the lives of visually impaired people yet they face considerable barriers to accessing it fully. AUDETEL (AUdio DEscribed TELevision) is a way of enhancing television for visually impaired people by inserting descriptions in the natural gaps in a programme. This article reports on the results of a field trial of AUDETEL conducted by RNIB in 1994. It covers: the television viewing patterns of a sample of 100 visually impaired people; what they find difficult in accessing television; and the impact of AUDETEL in removing these barriers. The results of the trial indicate that AUDETEL goes a long way to improving access to television by enabling visually impaired people to "watch" programmes which had previously been inaccessible and to enhance those which are "watched" regularly.
The People you Know: The Impact of Residential Mobility on Mothers' Social Network Ties
Authors: Magdol Lynn
Published: March 2007

The objective of this study was to examine whether residential mobility disrupts network ties. Data from a two-wave community study of the stress and support in families with young children in Syracuse, New York were analyzed, focusing on mobility distance, mobility frequency, kin presence in the network, and change in networks over time. Mobility distance was a predictor of network distance: respondents who had moved longer distances had networks that were more dispersed, and local movers had networks that were more proximate. In general, background characteristics explained more variance in networks than did mobility factors. Longitudinal analyses revealed that long-distance movers experienced an increase in network distance over the 3 years between waves and that the short-term effect of local moves on network proximity became non-significant. Mobility frequency had no significant effects on networks, net of controls, in either cross-sectional or longitudinal analyses. The longitudinal analyses suggest the importance of studying change in networks. The distance effects suggest that residential mobility cannot automatically be used as an indicator of social deficits.
A Member of the Wedding? Heterosexism and Family Ritual
Authors: Faith Oswald Ramona
Published: March 2007

Heterosexism as an interpersonal dynamic at weddings was examined using feminist critical science. Data were collected from 45 gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people who attended focus groups. Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender participants described multiple interactions in which they were devalued or hidden, while heterosexuality was elevated, as well as interactions in which they or another family member resisted heterosexism. Weddings were perceived to be difficult, and participation in them was questioned. As part of their critique of weddings, participants offered a vision of relationships that was based on commitment, rather than heterosexuality or material benefits. Results of this study were used to create a brochure and website for educating hetero-sexual people planning weddings.
Correlates of the Perceived Resolvability and Relational Consequences of Serial Arguing in Dating Relationships: Argumentative Features and the Use of Coping Strategies
Authors: Johnson Kristen Linnea , Roloff Michael E.
Published: March 2007

Sometimes partners do not resolve an argument in a single episode and engage each other in serial arguing as they repeatedly confront one another over the problem. This study concerns how features of argumentative episodes and coping strategies enacted between episodes are related to perceived resolvability and relational quality. A survey of undergraduates in dating relationships indicated that engaging in relationally confirming behavior during argumentative episodes and making optimistic relational comparisons between episodes were positively related to perceived resolvability and negatively related to relational harm arising from arguing. Although other argumentative features and coping strategies were sometimes related to resolvability and relational harm, relational confirmation and optimistic comparisons were more strongly associated with both.