bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"AN INJURY TO ONE IS AN INJURY TO ALL" ILWU Local 10 and the Fight against Apartheid
Authors: Cole Peter
Published: January 2016

This article recovers the valuable role of perhaps the most important union in the U.S. anti-apartheid struggle, the San Francisco Bay Area’s Local 10 of the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU). The ILWU first criticized apartheid in 1948 and most dramatically demonstrated its longtime commitment to democratic racial equality in South Africa through its refusal to unload South African cargo for eleven days in 1984. This case study documents and analyzes how rank-and-file longshore workers, Black and white, consciously linked domestic and international struggles for racial equality and working-class power. Generally, the history of the U.S. anti-apartheid struggle has neglected labor’s role, but Local 10’s actions demonstrate why unions demand inclusion in this historiography.
Interview with Gwendolyn M. Patton
Authors: Benson II Richard D.
Published: January 2016

Student and civil rights worker Gwendolyn Patton tells the story of her activist life in this excerpted interview with Richard D. Benson II conducted on June 23, 2014, in Montgomery, Alabama. Patton reflects on her early involvement with the Montgomery bus boycott, development as a student leader at Tuskegee Institute, and formation of the National Association of Black Students.
Interview with Joe Madison
Authors: Canton Dave
Published: January 2016

Radio talk show host and civil rights advocate Joe Madison tells the story of his activist life in this excerpted interview with Dave Canton conducted on May 17-18, 2013, in Washington, D.C. Madison reflects on his childhood, education, and emergence as a credible Black voice.
The evolution of quality improvement in healthcare: Patient-centered care and health information technology applications
Authors: Cantiello John , Kitsantas Panagiota , Moncada Shirley , Abdul Sabiheen
Published: January 2016

Objective: Quality improvement in the healthcare industry has evolved over the past few decades. In recent years, an increased focus on coordination of care efforts and the introduction of health information technology has been of high importance in improving the quality of patient care.Methods: In this review, we present a history of quality improvement efforts, discuss quality improvement in the healthcare industry, and examine quality improvement strategies with a focus on patient-centered care and information technology applications via patient registries.Results: Evidence shows that the key to quality improvement efforts in the healthcare industry is the coordination of patient care efforts through better data evaluation processes. By utilizing patient registries that can be linked to electronic health records (EHRs) and the Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) framework, the quality of care provided to patients can be improved.Conclusions: While many healthcare organizations have quality improvement departments or teams in place that may be able to handle these types of efforts, it is important for organizations to be familiar with processes and frameworks that employees at different levels of the organization can be involved in. In order to ensure successful outcomes from quality improvement initiatives, managers and clinicians should work together in identifying problems and developing solutions.
Noble Metal Nanoparticles and Their (Bio) Conjugates. I. Preparation
Authors: Capek Ignác
Published: January 2016

Noble metal nanoparticles are important subjects in the field of nanotechnology. Various synthetic processes have been summarized and discussed for the preparation of noble metal nanoparticles of different sizes, shapes and solubility. Among them the colloidal fluids are most fascinating. The formation of nanoparticles starts by the reduction of metal salt and continue with the agglomeration of metal atoms to embryos, subnanoparticles and to premature metal nanoparticles. The existence of the microenvironments in the colloidal systems gives nanoparticles unique reactivity towards various molecules and additives. A soft template can be applied to synthesize noble metal nanoparticles in different-shaped biomolecules-based nanoreactors, micelles and liposomes. The size and shape of nanoparticles follows reactant feed composition, reaction conditions, presence or absence of template and type and concentration of reactants.
Ready or Not?
Authors: Tomlin Natalia , Kandarasheva Irina
Published: January 2016

This paper analyzes results of a survey on shelf-ready materials management and cataloging practices in US academic libraries with various collection sizes. The survey respondents consisted of managers and librarians in technical services operations. Survey questions addressed topics such as the volume of shelf-ready materials, perspectives on shelf-ready expansion, the effect of local cataloging practices on shelf-ready services, the amount of cataloging and processing errors, and quality control. The majority of participants were from small- and medium-size academic libraries, and print materials were the prevalent format for shelf-ready treatment. Two main reasons for shelf-ready implementation across libraries of all sizes were the need to improve materials turnaround time and the desire to redeploy staff for other projects or tasks.
Collection Development and Management
Authors: Lehman Kathleen A.
Published: January 2016

The collection development and management literature from 2011 and 2012 explores how libraries are making difficult collection choices with decreasing funds, competing needs for space, and a continually developing e-market. Digital content is no longer new in collection management, but some of the ways the content is chosen have changed; collection-building activities now include various models of patron-driven demand acquisitions. Other literature in this area examines how libraries are addressing their print and electronic collections with topics including open access materials, shared collection building, and weeding collections for repurposed space.
WorldCat and SkyRiver
Authors: Blackman Cathy , Moore Erica Rae , Seikel Michele , Smith Mandi
Published: January 2016

In 2009, a new company, SkyRiver, began offering bibliographic utility services to libraries in direct competition to OCLC’s WorldCat. This study examines the differences between the two databases in terms of hit rates, total number of records found for each title in the sample, number of non-English language records, and the presence and completeness of several elements in the most-held bibliographic record for each title. While this study discovered that the two databases had virtually the same hit rates and record fullness for the sample used—with encoding levels as the sole exception—the study results do indicate meaningful differences in the number of duplicate records and non-English-language records available in each database for recently published scholarly monographs.
Metadata Makeover
Authors: Ilik Violeta , Storlien Jessica , Olivarez Joseph
Published: January 2016

Catalogers have become fluent in information technology such as web design skills, HyperText Markup Language (HTML), Cascading Stylesheets (CSS), eXensible Markup Language (XML), and programming languages. The knowledge gained from learning information technology can be used to experiment with methods of transforming one metadata schema into another using various software solutions. This paper will discuss the use of eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT) for repurposing, editing, and reformatting metadata. Catalogers have the requisite skills for working with any metadata schema, and if they are excluded from metadata work, libraries are wasting a valuable human resource.
Value Added: Book Covers Provide Additional Impetus for Academic Library Patrons to Check Out Books
Authors: Knowlton Steven A. , Hackert Lauren N.
Published: January 2016

Publishers attract readers to books and inform them about the books’ contents by adding information to the books’ covers. In many academic libraries, the dust jackets of cloth-bound books are discarded. This study was a physical inventory of 1,319 recently published books in an academic library, and comparison of circulation statistics between different cover types. By every measure, books with publisher-supplied information on the cover circulated at a higher rate than books with plain covers. The implications of our findings for collection management are discussed.
Book Review: RDA and Cartographic Resources
Authors: Evans Laura
Published: January 2016

The implementation of Resource Description and Access (RDA) has inspired much recent cataloging literature, which has been largely focused on understanding and employing RDA in general.1 Now that the initial shock has worn off, and catalogers have become more or less familiar with the basics of RDA, the need for more specific how-to manuals such as this one can begin to be met. Devoted entirely to cartographic resources, this book offers a focused look at how RDA will affect the cataloging of cartographic resources, complete with useful examples and explanations. All three authors are experienced and distinguished catalogers of cartographic resources, and as a result, this book is practical in nature, using theory only to explain the reasoning behind the changes introduced by RDA.
Book Review: After the Book: Information Services for the 21st Century
Authors: Hodgin Chuck
Published: January 2016

Both inside and outside of the library, the use of print information objects declines while the use of electronic information objects escalates. This phenomenon and how libraries respond to it should be the chief concerns of librarians going forward, according to author George Stachokas. Stachokas argues that nearly everything about the practice of current librarianship is rooted in “the print era” and is therefore “intrinsically linked to the physical library” (35). Given that society “increasingly abandons print” (1), librarians face the daunting task of reshaping themselves and their profession; otherwise, they “risk the problem of seeming and becoming obsolete” (36). Stachokas warns, “Those who manage information in the so-called information age do not really have the luxury of clinging to the past” (39). He proposes that libraries move away from print resources altogether and become fully electronic.
Association for Library Collections and Technical Services Annual Report 2014–15
Authors: Page Mary
Published: January 2016

Perhaps the most significant event this year was the retirement of Charles Wilt, our beloved executive director, after a seventeen-year career at ALA. It was a bittersweet moment for ALCTS. However, we were very fortunate to hire Keri Cascio as our new executive director. Keri brings a wealth of experience in many different library settings—research, public, consortial—and she has long been active in the association. In fact, she was ALCTS’ first Emerging Leader back in 2007, which gives her career thus far a lovely symmetry.
Enhancing OPAC Records: Evaluating and Fitting Within Cataloguing Standards a New Proposal of Description Parameters for Historical Astronomical Resources
Authors: Alonso Lifante M. Pilar , Molero Madrid Francisco Javier
Published: January 2016

Enhancing content description of specialized resources, particularly astronomical resources, is a matter that is still unresolved in library and information science. In this paper, the authors outline deficiencies in some fields and elements of cataloging standards for description of historical astronomical resources, mainly star atlases and catalogs. Furthermore, they review their recent proposal of astronomical parameters for a better description and propose an approach for accommodating these parameters in the current criteria of MARC 21, the International Standard Bibliographic Description, and Resource Description and Access. Fourteen new parameters are considered, and recommendations are provided to standards developers for the addition of elements to accommodate attributes of celestial cartographic resources. This would improve bibliographic records for such resources in astronomical libraries’ OPACs, which will have a beneficial effect on information retrieval.
Book Review: Digital Preservation in Libraries, Archives, and Museums
Authors: Kane Susan I.
Published: January 2016

Digital preservation involves careful planning and management and Digital Preservation in Libraries, Archives, and Museums addresses the technology, but more importantly the all-inclusive meaning and objectives of digital preservation. The authors thoughtfully organized the book into four parts grounded in a concept called the Digital Preservation Triad. Management tools that encompass the scope and depth of the project while considering the present and future of the collection are also included.
Book Review: Managing Copyright in Higher Education: A Guidebook
Authors: Rodgers Halliday Okobi Elsie
Published: January 2016

The author of Managing Copyright in Higher Education is uniquely qualified to tackle this topic. With a Doctor of Jurisprudence (JD) degree from Suffolk University Law School in Boston and a Master of Library Science (MLS) degree from University of Maryland College Park, Ms. Ferullo is the Director of the University Copyright Office at Purdue University, where she advises the University on copyright compliance issues. This book demonstrates Ms. Ferullo’s mastery of the legal and library science aspects of copyright; the book’s organization also shows her extensive knowledge of her audience and their copyright information needs. The text begins with an “introduction to intellectual property” and “copyright basics;” “the university culture;” followed by chapters on the role and establishment of a copyright office within the university; and concludes with chapters focusing on copyright services to librarians, faculty, administration and staff, and students. The organization of the book provides a logical progression of copyright issues in higher education in a straightforward style that can be readily understood by the novice and appreciated by the expert.
Real-time imaging of moving living objects using a compact terahertz scanner
Authors: Han Sang-Pil , Kim Namje , Lee Won-Hui , Lee Eui Su , Ko Hyunsung , Lee Il-Min , Moon Kiwon , Lee Dong Hun , Park Kyung Hyun
Published: January 2016

In this study, we design a compact terahertz (THz) reflection scanner with a scan rate of 20 frames/s. This scanner is based on a benzocyclobutene-embedded InGaAs Schottky barrier diode detector having a maximum responsivity of 300 V/W at 250 GHz and a minimum noise equivalent power of 38 pW/

. With this scanner, details such as sharp head and tail and wrinkled segments in a moving caterpillar are observed. The thin and thick parts of the moving caterpillar that are presented in light gray and dark gray, respectively, on the gray scale are also well distinguished.
Optical characteristics of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) thin film prepared by a vacuum evaporation
Authors: Ohnishi Yasutaka , Kita Rio , Tsuchiya Kazuyoshi , Iwamori Satoru
Published: January 2016

Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) thin films were deposited onto a glass slide substrate by a heat-resistance type vacuum evaporation apparatus due to changing the evaporation conditions. Transparency of the PTFE thin films prepared by the vacuum evaporation depended on the deposition conditions, i.e., temperatures of the basket, and distance between the evaporation source and substrate. To elucidate relationship between the molecular structure and transparency of the PTFE thin film prepared by the vacuum evaporation, chemical structures, crystallinity and thermophysical property were investigated. The chemical bonding state of the PTFE thin film prepared by the vacuum evaporation was almost the same as that of the pristine PTFE, however, the crystalinity was different. Although the pristine PTFE was crystal structure, the transparent evaporated thin film was estimated to be microcrystal structure. In addition, endothermic peaks in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) spectrum of the PTFE thin film were different from that of the pristine PTFE. These endothermic peaks of the PTFE thin film prepared by the vacuum evaporation shifted lower temperature compared to the pristine PTFE, which suggests that molecular weight of the PTFE thin film prepared by the vacuum evaporation decreased compared with that of the pristine PTFE.
Simultaneous, Single‐Cell Measurement of Messenger RNA, Cell Surface Proteins, and Intracellular Proteins
Authors: Soh Kah Teong , Tario Joseph D. , Colligan Sean , Maguire Orla , Pan Dalin , Minderman Hans , Wallace Paul K.
Published: January 2016

Nucleic acid content can be quantified by flow cytometry through the use of intercalating compounds; however, measuring the presence of specific sequences has hitherto been difficult to achieve by this methodology. The primary obstacle to detecting discrete nucleic acid sequences by flow cytometry is their low quantity and the presence of high background signals, rendering the detection of hybridized fluorescent probes challenging. Amplification of nucleic acid sequences by molecular techniques such as in situ PCR have been applied to single‐cell suspensions, but these approaches have not been easily adapted to conventional flow cytometry. An alternative strategy implements a Branched DNA technique, comprising target‐specific probes and sequentially hybridized amplification reagents, resulting in a theoretical 8,000‐ to 16,000‐fold increase in fluorescence signal amplification. The Branched DNA technique allows for the quantification of native and unmanipulated mRNA content with increased signal detection and reduced background. This procedure utilizes gentle fixation steps with low hybridization temperatures, leaving the assayed cells intact to permit their concomitant immunophenotyping. This technology has the potential to advance scientific discovery by correlating potentially small quantities of mRNA with many biological measurements at the single‐cell level. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Integrating solar energy and climate research into science education
Authors: Betts Alan K. , Hamilton James , Ligon Sam , Mahar Ann Marie
Published: January 2016

This paper analyzes multi‐year records of solar flux and climate data from two solar power sites in Vermont. We show the inter‐annual differences of temperature, wind, panel solar flux, electrical power production, and cloud cover. Power production has a linear relation to a dimensionless measure of the transmission of sunlight through the cloud field. The difference between panel and air temperatures reaches 24°C with high solar flux and low wind speed. High panel temperatures that occur in summer with low wind speeds and clear skies can reduce power production by as much as 13%. The intercomparison of two sites 63 km apart shows that while temperature is highly correlated on daily (R2=0.98) and hourly (R2=0.94) timescales, the correlation of panel solar flux drops markedly from daily (R2=0.86) to hourly (R2=0.63) timescales. Minimum temperatures change little with cloud cover, but the diurnal temperature range shows a nearly linear increase with falling cloud cover to 16°C under nearly clear skies, similar to results from the Canadian Prairies. The availability of these new solar and climate datasets allows local student groups, a Rutland High School team here, to explore the coupled relationships between climate, clouds, and renewable power production. As our society makes major changes in our energy infrastructure in response to climate change, it is important that we accelerate the technical education of high school students using real‐world data.
Joint inversion of receiver functions and surface waves with enhanced preconditioning on densely distributed CNDSN stations: Crustal and upper mantle structure beneath China
Authors: Chen Youlin , Niu Fenglin
Published: January 2016

We present shear wave velocity structure beneath China by joint modeling of teleseismic receiver function and Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion data observed at +1000 permanent broadband seismic stations in the Chinese National Digital Seismic Network (CNDSN). A ray‐parameter‐based stacking method is employed to minimize artifacts in stacking receiver functions from different sources. The Rayleigh wave dispersion curve is extracted from group velocity tomographic models at all applicable periods. Enhanced preconditions are applied on the linearized iterative inversion to regularize and balance multiple types of data. The velocity profile inversion at each station starts from an initial model derived from sediments, crustal thickness, Vp/Vs ratio and Pn/Sn models. This multistep approach not only reduces uncertainty and nonuniqueness of the velocity inversion but also efficiently fills information gap in each data set. We then generate a 3‐D S velocity model by combining and smoothing all the 1‐D models. The obtained 3‐D model reveals crustal and upper mantle velocity structures that are well correlated with tectonic features of China, for example, our model shows a clear east‐west bimodal distribution at 35 km deep, low velocity in the crust beneath central and eastern Tibetan plateau, and sedimentary structure in major cratons and basins. Our model is consistent with existing tomographic models in large scale but provides more structural details in regional and local scales.
Why do summer droughts in the Southern Great Plains occur in some La Niña years but not others?
Authors: Pu Bing , Fu Rong , Dickinson Robert E. , Fernando D. Nelun
Published: January 2016

Droughts in the Southern Great Plains (SGP) have been attributed to the cold phase of El Niño–Southern Oscillation or La Niña. While La Niña events have been clearly linked to winter droughts, their link to summer droughts has remained unclear. We analyze the difference in precipitation between dry and nondry summers over the SGP during La Niña years. Anomalously high geopotential height and subsidence over the SGP occur in spring, along with an intensified northward moisture flux that advects moisture away to the northern plains and Midwest. The dependence of SGP drought on La Niña is statistically significant only in winter and becomes insignificant in spring and summer. The drought development in La Niña years is related to an anomalous warming over the tropical North Atlantic in spring and an anomalous negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in summer, both of which suppress precipitation by strengthening the anomalous high over the SGP and displacing the subtropical jet streams. In years with relatively large precipitation anomalies (i.e., the 27% driest and wettest La Niña years over the SGP), up to 45% of the variances of summer precipitation can be explained by a linear combination of the Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature (SST), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), tropical North Atlantic SST, and NAO indices. An anomalously strong dry summer appears to be largely a result of a superposition of these factors.
Genetic engineering of AtAOX1a in Saccharomyces cerevisiae prevents oxidative damage and maintains redox homeostasis
Authors: Vishwakarma Abhaypratap , Dalal Ahan , Tetali Sarada Devi , Kirti Pulugurtha Bharadwaja , Padmasree Kollipara
Published: January 2016

This study aimed to validate the physiological importance of Arabidopsis thaliana alternative oxidase 1a (AtAOX1a) in alleviating oxidative stress using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism. The AOX1a transformant (pYES2AtAOX1a) showed cyanide resistant and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)‐sensitive respiration, indicating functional expression of AtAOX1a in S. cerevisiae. After exposure to oxidative stress, pYES2AtAOX1a showed better survival and a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) when compared to S. cerevisiae with empty vector (pYES2). Furthermore, pYES2AtAOX1a sustained growth by regulating GPX2 and/or TSA2, and cellular NAD+/NADH ratio. Thus, the expression of AtAOX1a in S. cerevisiae enhances its respiratory tolerance which, in turn, maintains cellular redox homeostasis and protects from oxidative damage.
Extending the mutation spectrum for Galloway–Mowat syndrome to include homozygous missense mutations in the WDR73 gene
Authors: Rosti Rasim O. , Dikoglu Esra , Zaki Maha S. , Abdel‐Salam Ghada , Makhseed Nawal , Sese Jordan C. , Musaev Damir , Rosti Basak , Harbert Mary J. , Jones Marilyn C. , Vaux Keith K. , Gleeson Joseph G.
Published: January 2016

Galloway–Mowat syndrome is a rare autosomal‐recessive disorder classically described as the combination of microcephaly and nephrotic syndrome. Recently, homozygous truncating mutations in WDR73 (WD repeat domain 73) were described in two of 31 unrelated families with Galloway–Mowat syndrome which was followed by a report of two sibs in an Egyptian consanguineous family. In this report, seven affecteds from four families showing biallelic missense mutations in WDR73 were identified by exome sequencing and confirmed to follow a recessive model of inheritance. Three‐dimensional modeling predicted conformational alterations as a result of the mutation, supporting pathogenicity. An additional 13 families with microcephaly and renal phenotype were negative for WDR73 mutations. Missense mutations in the WDR73 gene are reported for the first time in Galloway–Mowat syndrome. A detailed phenotypic comparison of all reported WDR73‐linked Galloway–Mowat syndrome patients with WDR73 negative patients showed that WDR73 mutations are limited to those with classical Galloway–Mowat syndrome features, in addition to cerebellar atrophy, thin corpus callosum, brain stem hypoplasia, occasional coarse face, late‐onset and mostly slow progressive nephrotic syndrome, and frequent epilepsy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bioorthogonal Chemical Reporters for Selective In Situ Probing of Mycomembrane Components in Mycobacteria
Authors: Foley Hannah N. , Stewart Jessica A. , Kavunja Herbert W. , Rundell Sarah R. , Swarts Benjamin M.
Published: January 2016

The global pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other species in the suborder Corynebacterineae possess a distinctive outer membrane called the mycomembrane (MM). The MM is composed of mycolic acids, which are either covalently linked to an underlying arabinogalactan layer or incorporated into trehalose glycolipids that associate with the MM non‐covalently. These structures are generated through a process called mycolylation, which is central to mycobacterial physiology and pathogenesis and is an important target for tuberculosis drug development. Current approaches to investigating mycolylation rely on arduous analytical methods that occur outside the context of a whole cell. Herein, we describe mycobacteria‐specific chemical reporters that can selectively probe either covalent arabinogalactan mycolates or non‐covalent trehalose mycolates in live mycobacteria. These probes, in conjunction with bioorthogonal chemistry, enable selective in situ detection of the major MM components.
Reversible Control by Light of the High‐Spin Low‐Spin Elastic Interface inside the Bistable Region of a Robust Spin‐Transition Single Crystal
Authors: Sy Mouhamadou , Garrot Damien , Slimani Ahmed , Páez‐Espejo Miguel , Varret François , Boukheddaden Kamel
Published: January 2016

By using a weak modulated laser intensity we have succeeded in reversibly controlling the dynamics of the spin‐crossover (SC) single crystal [{Fe(NCSe)(py)2}2(m‐bpypz)] inside the thermal hysteresis. The experiment could be repeated several times with a reproducible response of the high‐spin low‐spin interface and without crystal damage. In‐depth investigations as a function of the amplitude and frequency of the excitation brought to light the existence of a cut‐off frequency ca. 1.5 Hz. The results not only document the applicability of SC materials as actuators, memory devices, or switches, but also open a new avenue for the reversible photo‐control of the spin transition inside the thermal hysteresis.
Synthesis of Iron Nanometallic Glasses and Their Application in Cancer Therapy by a Localized Fenton Reaction
Authors: Zhang Chen , Bu Wenbo , Ni Dalong , Zhang Shenjian , Li Qing , Yao Zhenwei , Zhang Jiawen , Yao Heliang , Wang Zheng , Shi Jianlin
Published: January 2016

Metallic glasses and cancer theranostics are emerging fields that do not seem to be related to each other. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of amorphous iron nanoparticles (AFeNPs) and their superior physicochemical properties compared to their crystalline counterpart, iron nanocrystals (FeNCs). The AFeNPs can be used for cancer theranostics by inducing a Fenton reaction in the tumor by taking advantage of the mild acidity and the overproduced H2O2 in a tumor microenvironment: Ionization of the AFeNPs enables on‐demand ferrous ion release in the tumor, and subsequent H2O2 disproportionation leads to efficient .OH generation. The endogenous stimuli‐responsive .OH generation in the presence AFeNPs enables a highly specific cancer therapy without the need for external energy input.
Catalytic Kinetics of Different Types of Surface Atoms on Shaped Pd Nanocrystals
Authors: Chen Tao , Chen Sheng , Zhang Yuwei , Qi Yifeng , Zhao Yuzhou , Xu Weilin , Zeng Jie
Published: January 2016

To understand the catalytic properties or roles of different types of surface atoms on metal nanocatalysts, the catalytic kinetics and dynamics of the different types of surface atoms (plane and edge) were revealed for the first time by a statistical quantitative deconvolution of observables obtained from traditional single‐molecule nanocatalysis of Pd nanocrystals.It was found that the edge and plane of Pd nanocubes show similar size‐dependent product formation processes, but inverse product dissociation processes. This work helps push the traditional single‐molecule nanocatalysis method towards the sub‐particle level.
Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of transition metal complexes derived from novel benzofuran hydrazone chelating ligand: DNA cleavage studies and antimicrobial activity with special emphasis on antituberculosis
Authors: Kokare Dhoolesh Gangaram , Naik Krishna , Nevrekar Anupama , Kotian Avinash , Kamat Vinayak , Revankar Vidyanand K.
Published: January 2016

Mononuclear divalent complexes of Co, Ni, Cu and Zn derived from a benzofuran‐based novel hydrazone tridentate ligand were synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic methods. Elemental analysis reveals that the metal‐to‐ligand ratio is 1:2 which is supported by mass spectrometry results. Conductivity measurements suggest that all the complexes are non‐electrolytic in nature. The ligand and complexes were evaluated for their antimicrobial potency. Bioassay of all hydrazone chelates shows enhanced activity as compared to that of the ligand. The complex with cobalt ion as the metal centre shows better activity against fungi than the standard. Also, ligand and complexes were screened for antituberculosis activity; some analogues (Ni, Cu, Zn) are eight times more active than the standard. Both ligand and complexes show moderate ability to cleave calf thymus DNA. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes with some transition elements. Synthesis, spectroscopic, thermal analysis, antimicrobial and in vitro anticancer activity
Authors: Mahmoud Walaa H. , Deghadi Reem G. , Mohamed Gehad G.
Published: January 2016

A novel Schiff base ligand (H2L) was prepared through condensation of 2,6‐diaminopyridine and o‐benzoylbenzoic acid in a 1:2 ratio. This Schiff base ligand was characterized using elemental and spectroscopic analyses. A new series of Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) metal complexes of H2L were prepared and characterized using elemental analysis, spectroscopy (1H NMR, mass, UV–visible, Fourier transform infrared, electron spin resonance), magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity, X‐ray powder diffraction and thermal analysis. The complexes are found to have trigonal bipyramidal geometry except Cr(III), Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes which have octahedral geometry based on magnetic moment and solid reflectance measurements. The infrared spectral studies reveal that H2L behaves as a neutral bidentate ligand and coordinates to the metal ions via the two azomethine nitrogens. 1H NMR spectra confirm the non‐involvement of the carboxylic COOH proton in complex formation. The presence of water molecules in all reported complexes is supported by thermogravimetric studies. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined using Coats–Redfern and Horowitz–Metzger equations. The synthesized ligand and its complexes were screened for antimicrobial activities against two Gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), two Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) and one fungus (Candida albicans). Anticancer activities of the ligand and its metal complexes against human breast cancer cell line (MCF7) were investigated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An optimality model for rust formation and evolution
Authors: Alshamary Bader , Calin Ovidiu
Published: January 2016

The paper deals with the mathematical modeling of the reaction mechanism of rust formation. We provide both a quantitative description based on probability theory and a qualitative description for rust evolution using differential geometry. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A newly discovered muscle: The tensor of the vastus intermedius
Authors: Grob K. , Ackland T. , Kuster M.S. , Manestar M. , Filgueira L.
Published: January 2016

The quadriceps femoris is traditionally described as a muscle group composed of the rectus femoris and the three vasti. However, clinical experience and investigations of anatomical specimens are not consistent with the textbook description. We have found a second tensor‐like muscle between the vastus lateralis (VL) and the vastus intermedius (VI), hereafter named the tensor VI (TVI). The aim of this study was to clarify whether this intervening muscle was a variation of the VL or the VI, or a separate head of the extensor apparatus. Twenty‐six cadaveric lower limbs were investigated. The architecture of the quadriceps femoris was examined with special attention to innervation and vascularization patterns. All muscle components were traced from origin to insertion and their affiliations were determined. A TVI was found in all dissections. It was supplied by independent muscular and vascular branches of the femoral nerve and lateral circumflex femoral artery. Further distally, the TVI combined with an aponeurosis merging separately into the quadriceps tendon and inserting on the medial aspect of the patella. Four morphological types of TVI were distinguished: Independent‐type (11/26), VI‐type (6/26), VL‐type (5/26), and Common‐type (4/26). This study demonstrated that the quadriceps femoris is architecturally different from previous descriptions: there is an additional muscle belly between the VI and VL, which cannot be clearly assigned to the former or the latter. Distal exposure shows that this muscle belly becomes its own aponeurosis, which continues distally as part of the quadriceps tendon. Clin. Anat. 29:256–263, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contribution of α‐smooth muscle actin and extracellular matrix to the in vitro reorganization of cardiomyocyte contractile system
Authors: Bildyug Natalya , Bozhokina Ekaterina , Khaitlina Sofia
Published: January 2016

Cardiomyocytes in culture undergo reversible rearrangement of their contractile apparatus with the conversion of typical myofibrils into the structures of non‐muscle type and the loss of contractility. Along with these transformations, the cardiomyocytes gain the capacity to synthesize extracellular matrix. Here we show that during cultivation of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes, the inherent α‐cardiac actin isoform is transiently replaced by α‐smooth‐muscle actin, whose expression is accompanied by transformation of myofibrils into stress‐fiber‐like structures. The following down‐regulation of α‐smooth muscle actin parallels restoration of myofibrillar system and correlates with the accumulation of extracellular collagen and laminin, initially missing from the cardiomyocytes culture.
A biofidelic computational model of the female pelvic system to understand effect of bladder fill and progressive vaginal tissue stiffening due to prolapse on anterior vaginal wall
Authors: Chanda Arnab , Unnikrishnan Vinu , Richter Holly E. , Lockhart Mark E.
Published: January 2016

Treatment of anterior vaginal prolapse (AVP), suffered by over 500,000 women in the USA, is a challenge in urogynecology because of the poorly understood mechanics of AVP. Recently, computational modeling combined with finite element method has been used to model AVP through the study of pelvic floor muscle and connective tissue impairments on the anterior vaginal wall (AVW). Also, the effects of pelvic organ displacements on the AVW were studied numerically. In our current work, an MRI‐based full‐scale biofidelic computational model of the female pelvic system composed of the urinary bladder, vaginal canal, and the uterus was developed, and a novel finite element method framework was employed to simulate vaginal tissue stiffening and also bladder filling due to expansion for the first time. A mesh convergence study was conducted to choose a computationally efficient mesh, and a non‐linear hyperelastic Yeoh's material model was adopted for the study. The AVW displacements, mechanical stresses, and strains were estimated at varying degrees of bladder fills and vaginal tissue stiffening. Both bladder filling and vaginal stiffening were found to increase the stress concentration on the AVW with varying trends, which have been discussed in detail in the paper. To our knowledge, this study is the first to estimate the individual and combined effects of bladder filling and vaginal tissue stiffening due to prolapse on the AVW. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source of Cooperativity in Halogen‐Bonded Haloamine Tetramers
Authors: Dominikowska Justyna , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Palusiak Marcin , Fonseca Guerra Célia
Published: January 2016

Inspired by the isostructural motif in α‐bromoacetophenone oxime crystals, we investigated halogen–halogen bonding in haloamine quartets. Our Kohn–Sham molecular orbital and energy decomposition analysis reveal a synergy that can be traced to a charge‐transfer interaction in the halogen‐bonded tetramers. The halogen lone‐pair orbital on one monomer donates electrons into the unoccupied σ*N−X orbital on the perpendicular N−X bond of the neighboring monomer. This interaction has local σ symmetry. Interestingly, we discovered a second, somewhat weaker donor–acceptor interaction of local π symmetry, which partially counteracts the aforementioned regular σ‐symmetric halogen‐bonding orbital interaction. The halogen–halogen interaction in haloamines is the first known example of a halogen bond in which back donation takes place. We also find that this cooperativity in halogen bonds results from the reduction of the donor–acceptor orbital‐energy gap that occurs every time a monomer is added to the aggregate.
Lamellar Peptide–Cadmium‐Doped Zinc Oxide Nanohybrids That Emit White Light
Authors: Manna Manoj K. , Aaryashree  , Verma Shruti , Mukherjee Shaibal , Das Apurba K.
Published: January 2016

A variety of hybrid nanostructures have been developed that emit white light. Two different white‐light‐emitting systems are reported. These are cadmium‐doped zinc oxide nanosheets and complex lamellar nanostructures that consist of alternating inorganic cadmium‐doped zinc oxide domains with the self‐assembled aromatic‐capped peptide BPI‐FF‐OH (BPI: benzo[ghi]perylene monoimide, F: d‐phenylalanine). An electrochemical method is employed to synthesize cadmium‐doped zinc oxide nanosheets and lamellar organic/cadmium‐doped zinc oxide nanoflakes on a gallium‐doped ZnO/p‐Si (111) substrate. External structural features and internal structural ordering of wurtzite cadmium‐doped zinc oxide and lamellar organic/cadmium‐doped zinc oxide nanohybrids are characterized by small‐angle X‐ray scattering, XRD, field‐emission SEM, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, secondary‐ion mass spectrometry, ellipsometry, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Cadmium‐doped zinc oxide nanosheets and lamellar organic/cadmium‐doped zinc oxide hybrids emit white light with a broad emission covering the visible spectrum from λ=415 to 700 nm. Characteristic white‐light emissions of both materials were well characterized by photoluminescence studies. The white‐light luminescence is attributed to cadmium doping in the zinc oxide crystal and the presence of the dipeptide‐functionalized BPI fluorophore in the lamellar nanohybrid.
Microcurrent stimulation promotes reverse remodelling in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Kapeller Barbara , Mueller Johannes , Losert Udo , Podesser Bruno K. , Macfelda Karin
Published: January 2016

Aims

It has been shown that electrical stimulation can improve tissue repair in patients. Imbalances in the extracellular matrix composition induce manifestation of heart failure. Here we investigated the application of microcurrent (MC) to modulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo to reverse remodelling in the heart in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR).

Methods

Cardiomyocytes from young SHR (7 months) and old SHR (14 months) were stimulated in vitro and in vivo with MC. MMP and TIMP expression were analysed by qPCR and immunofluorescence to evaluate the modulation of MC treatment.

Results

Modulation of cardiomyocytes with MC enhances proliferation with no morphological changes in vitro. By electrical stimulation dual effects, increase and decrease, on MMP‐2, MMP‐9, TIMP‐3, and TIMP‐4 mRNA as well as protein expression were observed, depending on the age of the cardiomyocytes. In our in vivo study, MC down‐regulated MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and TIMP‐4 and increased TIMP‐3 in young SHR. In old SHR MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and TIMP‐4 were up‐regulated, whereas TIMP‐3 was unaffected.

Conclusions

Our data indicate that treatment of MC can modulate the expression of MMPs and TIMPs in vitro and in vivo in SHR. Based on these results new treatments for heart failure could be developed.
Morphology of the Discharge Product in Non‐aqueous Lithium–Oxygen Batteries: Furrowed Toroid Particles Correspond to a Lower Charge Voltage
Authors: Tan Peng , Shi Le , Shyy Wei , Zhao Tianshou
Published: January 2016

A type of discharge particle morphology that closely resembles furrowed toroid particles, which are formed at high operating oxygen pressures, was discovered. It was also found that the charge voltage required to decompose furrowed toroid particles was lower than that to decompose toroid‐shaped particles. Combined experimental and density functional theory investigations showed that the formation of furrowed toroid particles could be attributed to an increase in the proportion of the intermediate discharge product LiO2, which gravitates toward adsorbing onto the surface of the Li2O2crystal layers rather than onto the carbon substrate. Moreover, the increased proportion of LiO2in the discharge product particles was found to improve the effective electrical conductivity, which thereby lowered the charge voltage. The findings suggest that the charge voltage can effectively be reduced and the efficiency of the battery can be improved by creating discharge products in the morphology of furrowed toroid particles.
Use of Particle Heat Carriers in the Stirling Engine Concept
Authors: Zhang Huili , Gowing Tim , Degrève Jan , Leadbeater Thomas , Baeyens Jan
Published: January 2016

The Stirling engine has drawn new attention for its high efficiency and flexibility towards the application of different heat sources. A new Stirling engine application in a renewable energy combined heat and power (CHP) concept will be presented, in which powders are used as the heat carrier between the hot storage and the ultimate Stirling reuse. A fluidized bed of small particles (50–150 μm) is examined in this study. The outside heat transfer coefficient to the finned Stirling heat exchanger largely exceeds 1500 W m−2 K−1 at very low fluidization velocities, which is, therefore, not the heat transfer limitation. Positron emission particle tracking experiments demonstrated that the particle movement and mixing in the fluidized bed are not hampered by the presence of the finned heat transfer tube. As the Stirling engine can reach efficiencies in excess of 30 % and has the potential to be integrated in a CHP mode of operation, it should be considered as a hot research topic in the renewable energy sector.
NGU: Development of a two‐bed circulating fluidized bed reactor system for nonoxidative aromatization of methane over Mo/HZSM‐5 catalyst
Authors: Zhang Zhanguo , Xu Yuebing , Song Yang , Ma Hongtao , Yamamoto Yo
Published: January 2016

A laboratory‐scale two‐bed circulating fluidized bed reactor system was developed for processing the Mo/HZSM‐5 catalyzed methane dehydroaromatization reaction in continuous catalyst‐regeneration mode. A binder‐free, spherical‐shaped fluidizable Mo/HZSM‐5 catalyst was tested in the system to verify its high operativity and industrial applicability. The main operation parameters of the catalyst including temperature, space velocity, the height of catalyst bed, and the mean residence time were optimized in micro fixed and fluidized bed reactors in either continuous CH4 feed or cyclic CH4‐H2 switching feed mode. Its long‐term activity and stability was evaluated in the two‐bed circulating fluidized bed reactor system under continuous regeneration mode. At 1073 K and a space velocity of ∼3000 mL/g/h the catalyst has proven to be capable of providing a stable benzene yield of 12% over a cumulative period of 1600 min. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 325–333, 2016
β‐Carotene Induces Apoptosis in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines via the Cav‐1/AKT/NF‐κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhu Xiangzhan , Zhang Yanting , Li Qinghua , Yang Lu , Zhang Nannan , Ma Shanshan , Zhang Kun , Song Jishi , Guan Fangxia
Published: January 2016

β‐carotene, a type of terpenoid, has many metabolic and physiological functions. In particular, β‐carotene has an antitumor effect. However, the efficacy of β‐carotene against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. In our study, β‐carotene inhibited the growth of ESCC cells and downregulated expression of the Caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) protein. Cav‐1 protein was expressed only in ESCC cells, not in Het‐1A cells. Moreover, β‐carotene triggered apoptosis, induced cell cycle G0⁄G1 phase arrest, and inhibited cell migration. To explore the mechanism involved in these processes, we further examined the effect of β‐carotene on the Cav‐1‐mediated AKT/NF‐κB pathway. The results showed that the level of AKT and NF‐κB phosphorylation was dramatically inhibited, which led to an increase in the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio. Correspondingly, the activity of Caspase‐3 was also enhanced. These data suggest that β‐carotene has an antiproliferative role in ESCC cells and may be a promising chemotherapeutic agent for use against ESCC cells.