bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroendocrine tumors: An epidemiological study of 250 cases at a tertiary hospital
Authors: Silveira Felipe , Basile Maíra Leite , Kuga Fábio Seiji , Próspero José Donato , Paes Roberto Antonio Pinto , Bernardi Fabíola Del Carlo
Published: December 2017

Summary Objective: To compare the frequency of neuroendocrine tumors in our service with that reported in the literature considering age, gender, location, degree of differentiation and increase in incidence by means of a retrospective study. Method: Search of variables from a database of neuroendocrine tumor cases diagnosed at the Department of Pathological Sciences, Hospital da Santa Casa de São Paulo over the past 10 years, relating them to epidemiological data such as gender, age, distribution across organs, most-used immunohistochemical markers and presence or absence of either lymph node or distant metastases. Results: In all, 250 cases were reviewed, 133 involving females, predominantly in the 61-70 age range. The lung was the most frequent site, followed by the stomach. CD56, synaptophysin and chromogranin were the immunohistochemical markers used most often and to a lesser extent Ki67, a marker of cell proliferation that indicates a higher or lower degree of histological malignancy. Metastases, either in lymph nodes and/or distant sites, were found in 44 cases (17.6%). Conclusion: The results were largely consistent with those in the literature, including age group, gender and location. Most metastases originated from high-grade tumors, with high Ki67 levels and greater impairment of the liver. However, only 36.4% of the cases had Ki67 index. Reevaluation of the Ki67 proliferative index using image analysis in doubtful cases will allow for a correlation between progression and prognosis.
Sexual function, anxiety and depression in women with benign breast disease. A case-control study
Authors: Fairbanks Flávia , Andres Marina Paula , Caldeira Priscila , Abdo Carmita , Podgaec Sergio
Published: December 2017

Summary Introduction: Sexual dysfunction is highly prevalent, affecting 40% of the female population. The incidence of such dysfunction is known to be higher among women with malignant breast disease and in patients with depression or anxiety. However, there are few data regarding the prevalence of sexual dysfunction among women with benign breast disease (BBD). Objective: To evaluate the incidence of sexual dysfunction, depression and anxiety among women with BBD, in comparison with that observed for healthy women. Method: We evaluated the incidence of sexual dysfunction in 60 patients with benign breast disease (fibroadenomas, breast cysts, breast pain and phyllodes tumor) and 69 healthy women (control group). Participants completed the Sexual Quotient Questionnaire for Females (SQQ-F), the Beck Depression Inventory and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Statistical analysis revealed that depression and anxiety were comparable between BBD and control groups (10.3 vs. 20.3% and 38.7 vs. 34.3%, respectively, p>0.05). The mean SQQ-F score (65.6±22.7 vs. 70.1±16.8; p>0.05) and sexual dysfunction (33.3 vs. 25.4%; p=0.324) were similar between BBD and control groups. Conclusion: We found no differences between women with BBD and healthy women in terms of the incidence of sexual dysfunction, anxiety and depression. Nevertheless, given the high prevalence of this condition, it is important to assess sexual quality of life, as well as overall quality of life, in women with BBD.
The spasticity in the motor and functional disability in adults with post-stroke hemiparetic
Authors: Cacho Roberta de Oliveira , Cacho Enio Walker Azevedo , Loureiro Anderson Barbosa , Cirne Gabriele Natane de Medeiros , Pereira Silvana Alves , Freitas Rodrigo Pegado de Abreu , Lima Núbia Maria Freire Vieira , Borges Guilherme
Published: December 2017

Abstract Introduction: Spasticity acts as a limiting factor in motor and functional recovery after Stroke, impairing the performance of daily living activities. Objective: To analyze the influence of spasticity on main muscle groups and to associate it with motor impairment and functional level of chronic hemiparetic patients after stroke. Methods: Twenty-seven chronic hemiparetic patients of both sexes were selected at the Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Service of the Unicamp Clinics Hospital. Assessments were carried out in two sessions, in the first one the motor impairment (Fugl-Meyer Assessment - FM) and functional impairment (Barthel Index - BI) were evaluated, and in the second, the degree of spasticity of the main muscle groups (Modified Ashworth Scale - MAS). Results: A negative correlation was detected between upper limb spasticity and motor and functional impairment. No muscle group evaluated in the lower limbs showed correlation between muscle tone and the level of impairment of the lower extremity on FM and the functional level measured by BI. Conclusion: Spasticity has been shown to be a negative influence factor in the level of motor and functional impairment of the upper limbs of chronic hemiparetic patients after stroke.
Quality of life and duration of hemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD): a cross-sectional study
Authors: Barbosa Jefferson Belarmino Nunes , Moura Elaine Cristina Santa Cruz de , Lira Celine Lorena Oliveira Barboza de , Marinho Patrícia Érika de Melo
Published: December 2017

Abstract Introduction: Quality of life (QoL) of hemodialysis patients is a major evaluative marker currently measured, while treatment time is a clinical determinant associated with impaired QOL. Objective: To evaluate QOL in individuals undergoing hemodialysis (HD) considering treatment time and the presence of comorbidities. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in the hemodialysis unit of the Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (HC-UFPE). We studied patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) of both genders over the age of 18 years, at any level of education and undergoing HD for at least 6 months. We evaluated the demographic/socioeconomic and clinical data, followed by application of the quality of life questionnaire (KDQOL-SF). Results: Participants were 47 patients with a mean age of 50.94 ± 13.33 years, 55.3% were male and average treatment time of 57.35 ± 61.46 months. Hypertension (59.6%) was the most frequent underlying disease. According to the responses obtained through the KDQOL-SF, the situation at work and physical limitation scored worse. Sexual function (85.83) and encouragement by the team had the best performance. There were no differences in dimensions of questionnaire and treatment time. Conclusion: The presence of comorbidities and HD duration were not found to be possible factors for changing QoL in this study. However, we suggest that future studies evaluate other factors such as laboratory, emotional and functional data to check for changes in QoL in these patients related to HD duration.
O Uso de Internet e Redes Sociais e a Relação com Indícios de Ansiedade e Depressão em Estudantes de Medicina
Authors: Moromizato Maíra Sandes , Ferreira Danilo Bastos Bispo , Souza Lucas Santana Marques de , Leite Renata Franco , Macedo Fernanda Nunes , Pimentel Déborah
Published: December 2017

RESUMO Introdução: A internet é uma ferramenta imprescindível na atualidade, pois possibilita acesso fácil e rápido às informações e a manutenção de laços afetivos por meio das redes sociais. Entretanto, quando se percebe um uso descontrolado e desadaptativo, ocorre a chamada adicção por internet (AI). Estudos prévios investigaram diversas comorbidades associadas a esse transtorno, gerando um importante conhecimento importante para a conduta clínica. Objetivo: Investigar a correlação entre indicadores do uso de internet e redes sociais e a presença de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal, quantitativo, com amostragem por conveniência, realizado com estudantes de Medicina no ano de 2015. Os sintomas ansiosos e depressivos foram analisados por meio do Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI) e do Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI), respectivamente. Além disso, utilizou-se um questionário confeccionado pelos pesquisadores com base no Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Resultados: Dos 169 estudantes que participaram da pesquisa, 98,8% (167) fazem uso diário de internet e/ou redes sociais. Foi avaliada a prevalência de diversos indícios do uso prejudicial da internet, bem como a concepção dos participantes sobre seu uso. Não foi encontrada associação estatística entre o tempo gasto na internet e a presença de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos com os escores BAI e BDI. Contudo, foram percebidas algumas associações estatisticamente significativas com os resultados dos escores BAI e BDI tanto com indicadores da necessidade de verificação da internet quanto com indicativos do uso desadaptativo da internet. Conclusão: O presente estudo ratifica achados prévios na literatura que apontam que a AI não está necessariamente relacionada com o tempo gasto na internet, mas com o padrão desadaptativo do uso. Os resultados aqui encontrados podem servir de base para futuras intervenções em instituições de ensino que busquem minimizar o prejuízo desse transtorno cada vez mais presente.
Effects of manganese on fat snook Centropomus parallelus (Carangaria: Centropomidae) exposed to different temperatures
Authors: Tuzuki Bárbara Louise L. , Delunardo Frederico Augusto C. , Ribeiro Luciana N. , Melo Caroliny P. de , Gomes Levy Carvalho , Chippari-Gomes Adriana Regina
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT This study evaluates the effects of exposure to manganese (Mn2+) for 96 hours at two different temperatures (24 and 27°C) on juveniles of Centropomus parallelus through the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT), micronuclei test (MN) and comet assay. The GST activity did not show any significant difference between the groups exposed to Mn2+ and the respective control groups; in contrast, a major increase in the CAT activity was observed at 27°C in the group exposed to Mn2+ compared to the control group. The genotoxic analyses showed that in all animals exposed to Mn2+, the number of red cells with micronuclei increased significantly compared to the respective control groups. There was also a significant increase in the incidence of DNA damage in the groups exposed to Mn2+. At a temperature of 24ºC, animals exposed to Mn2+ had more DNA damage than those at 27°C. It is likely that the increase in temperature can also induce oxidative stress. Thus, we conclude that manganese is toxic to the fat snook juveniles, causing genotoxic damage, and when associated with an increase in temperature, manganese can also provoke an increase in oxidative stress.
Flora do Espírito Santo: clado de Merianthera e gêneros afins (Melastomataceae)
Authors: Bochorny Thuane , Goldenberg Renato
Published: December 2017

Resumo Melastomataceae possui 22 gêneros e 182 espécies no Espírito Santo. Neste trabalho, são apresentados os tratamentos taxonômicos dos cinco gêneros pertencentes ao clado de Merianthera e gêneros afins, com 14 espécies: Behuria (3 espécies), Cambessedesia (2), Dolichoura (2), Huberia (2) e Merianthera (5). Também é apresentada uma chave de identificação para todas espécies ocorrentes no Espírito Santo, além de mapas e prancha com fotos.
A review of data in medical request and the patient questionnaire for magnetic resonance evaluation of silicone breast implants
Authors: Anger Jaime , Elias Pablo Eduardo , Moraes Paula de Camargo , Hamerschlak Nelson
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the quality and quantity of data in the questionnaires and in request forms for magnetic resonance imaging. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted with data from 300 medical records. The research used the following data from the questionnaires: patient age, reason for the magnetic resonance imaging, reason for placing the breast implant, report of any signs or symptoms, time elapsed since surgery to place the current breast implant, replacement implant surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy treatments. From the magnetic resonance imaging request forms, information about the breast implant, the implant placement surgery, patient clinical information and ordering physician specialty were verified. Results: The mean age of patients was 48.8 years, and the mean time elapsed since breast implant surgery was 5 years. A total of 60% of women in the sample were submitted to aesthetic surgery, while 23.7% were submitted to chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. In the request forms, 23.7% of physicians added some piece of information about the patient, whereas 2.3% of them informed the type of implant and 5.2% informed about the surgery. Conclusion: The amount of information in the magnetic resonance imaging request forms is very limited, and this may hinder quality of radiological reports. Institutional and technological measures should be implemented to encourage the requesting physicians and radiologists to share information.
POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF SUCTION DRAIN IN PATIENTS SUBMITTED TO 1-LEVEL LUMBAR ARTHRODESIS
Authors: Brazolino Marcus Alexandre Novo , Jacob Júnior Charbel , Cardoso Igor Machado , Batista Júnior José Lucas , Maia Thiago Cardoso , Debom Tadeu Gervazoni , Roncaglio Bruno
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the complications inherent in the use or not of continuous suction drain in postoperative period of patients undergoing 1-level lumbar arthrodesis. Methods: An analytical, comparative, randomized study was performed with a sample of 60 patients submitted to 1-level 360o lumbar arthrodesis with TLIF technique, 30 of whom used the suction drain for three days after surgery and another 30 did not use the suction drain in the postoperative period. The complications that occurred on the 3rd, 14th, and 28th postoperative days of patients of both groups and the Visual Analog Scale for pain were evaluated and compared. The complications assessed were seroma, superficial infection and suture dehiscence. Results: A total of 23.3% surgical wound complications were found, the most frequent being seroma (16%). In total, each group presented seven complications. There were no statistical differences observed in the evaluation of seroma, infection, wound dehiscence on the 3rd, 14th, and 28th postoperative days in both groups. Conclusion: The use or not of suction drain in 1-level lumbar surgeries does not interfere with complications such as seroma, infection, and suture dehiscence.
A qualidade da relação líder-membro e o empenhamento organizacional dos enfermeiros
Authors: Nunes Elisabete Maria Garcia Teles , Gaspar Maria Filomena Mendes
Published: December 2017

RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer a perceção da qualidade da relação de liderança e o empenhamento organizacional dos enfermeiros e analisar a influência da qualidade desta relação. Método: Abordagem quantitativa, transversal e correlacional. Amostra não probabilística por conveniência com 408 enfermeiros. Dados obtidos através de questionário no Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, entre janeiro e março 2013. A análise estatística dos dados foi efetuada através do software estatístico IBM® SPSS® Statistics 19. Resultados: Consideraram-se válidos 342 questionários. A qualidade da relação de liderança é satisfatória e os enfermeiros encontram-se fracamente empenhados na organização. A qualidade de relação de liderança encontra-se estatisticamente correlacionada com o empenhamento organizacional: existe uma associação moderada com o empenhamento afetivo (rs=0,42, p<0,05), baixa com o empenhamento normativo (rs=0,37, p<0,05) e muito baixa com o empenhamento calculativo (rs=0,14, p<0,05). Conclusão: A liderança exerce influência no empenhamento organizacional. Existe oportunidade de melhoria da qualidade da relação de liderança entre enfermeiro e enfermeiro líder, com a consequente possibilidade de incrementar o empenhamento organizacional.
Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide Versus Exenatide ER in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN 3): A 56-Week, Open-Label, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ahmann Andrew J. , Capehorn Matthew , Charpentier Guillaume , Dotta Francesco , Henkel Elena , Lingvay Ildiko , Holst Anders G. , Annett Miriam P. , Aroda Vanita R.
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE

To compare the efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 1.0 mg s.c. with exenatide extended release (ER) 2.0 mg s.c. in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In this phase 3a, open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, 813 subjects with type 2 diabetes taking oral antidiabetic drugs were randomized (1:1) to semaglutide 1.0 mg or exenatide ER 2.0 mg for 56 weeks. The primary end point was change from baseline in HbA1c at week 56.

RESULTS

Mean HbA1c (8.3% [67.7 mmol/mol] at baseline) was reduced by 1.5% (16.8 mmol/mol) with semaglutide and 0.9% (10.0 mmol/mol) with exenatide ER (estimated treatment difference vs. exenatide ER [ETD] –0.62% [95% CI –0.80, –0.44] [–6.78 mmol/mol (95% CI –8.70, –4.86)]; P < 0.0001 for noninferiority and superiority). Mean body weight (95.8 kg at baseline) was reduced by 5.6 kg with semaglutide and 1.9 kg with exenatide ER (ETD –3.78 kg [95% CI –4.58, –2.98]; P < 0.0001). Significantly more subjects treated with semaglutide (67%) achieved HbA1c <7.0% (<53 mmol/mol) versus those taking exenatide ER (40%). Both treatments had similar safety profiles, but gastrointestinal adverse events were more common in semaglutide-treated subjects (41.8%) than in exenatide ER–treated subjects (33.3%); injection-site reactions were more frequent with exenatide ER (22.0%) than with semaglutide (1.2%).

CONCLUSIONS

Semaglutide 1.0 mg was superior to exenatide ER 2.0 mg in improving glycemic control and reducing body weight after 56 weeks of treatment; the drugs had comparable safety profiles. These results indicate that semaglutide treatment is highly effective for subjects with type 2 diabetes who are inadequately controlled on oral antidiabetic drugs.
Five-Year Cost-effectiveness of the Multidisciplinary Risk Assessment and Management Programme–Diabetes Mellitus (RAMP-DM)
Authors: Jiao Fang Fang , Fung Colman Siu Cheung , Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Chan Anca Ka Chun , McGhee Sarah Morag , Kwok Ruby Lai Ping , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE

To estimate the cost-effectiveness of the multidisciplinary Risk Assessment and Management Programme–Diabetes Mellitus (RAMP-DM) in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes in comparison with usual primary care in a cohort with 5 years’ follow-up.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We conducted a prospective cohort study among 17,140 propensity score–matched participants in RAMP-DM and those under usual primary care. The effectiveness measures were cumulative incidences of complications and all-cause mortality over 5 years. In a bottom-up approach, we estimated the program costs of RAMP-DM and health service utilization from the public health service provider’s perspective. The RAMP-DM program costs included the setup costs, ongoing intervention costs, and central administrative costs. We calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio by dividing the incremental costs by the incremental effectiveness of the RAMP-DM group compared with those of the usual-care group.

RESULTS

There were significantly lower cumulative incidences of individual on any complications (15.34% vs. 28.65%, P < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (7.96% vs. 21.35%, P < 0.001) in the RAMP-DM group compared with the usual-care group. The mean program cost of RAMP-DM was 157 U.S. dollars (range 66–209) per participant over 5 years. The costs of health service utilization among participants in RAMP-DM group was 7,451 USD less than that of the usual-care group, resulting in a net savings of 7,294 USD per individual.

CONCLUSIONS

RAMP-DM added to usual primary care was a cost-saving intervention in managing diabetes in patients over 5 years. These findings support the integration of RAMP-DM as part of routine primary care for all patients with diabetes.
Preoperative sarcopenia status is associated with lymphovascular invasion in upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy
Authors: Anno Tadatsugu , Kikuchi Eiji , Fukumoto Keishiro , Ogihara Koichiro , Oya Mototsugu
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Sarcopenia is a novel concept representing skeletal muscle wasting and has been identified as a prognostic factor for several cancers. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prognostic significance of sarcopenia and the relationship between sarcopenia and poor pathological findings in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU).Methods: We identified 123 UTUC patients who underwent RNU between 2003 and 2014.We assessed sarcopenia by measuring the area of skeletal muscle at the third lumber vertebra on preoperative computed tomography scans. Sarcopenia was classified based on a sex-specific consensus definition. We investigated whether sarcopenia predicts clinical outcomes such as cancer death and poor pathological findings at RNU.Results: A total of 40.7% of patients (n=50) had sarcopenia. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, sarcopenia was not associated with cancer-specific survival (CSS), and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (hazard ratio 5.88; p=0.002) was the only independent risk factor for CSS. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sarcopenia independently correlated with the LVI status (odds ratio 2.36; p=0.025). LVI was positive in 27 out of 50 (54%) and 25 out of 73 (34%) patients with and without sarcopenia, respectively (p=0.029).Conclusions: Preoperative sarcopenia predicted the LVI status, which was a strong prognostic factor for UTUC patients after RNU.
Blood Flow
Authors: Figueroa C. Alberto , Taylor Charles A. , Marsden Alison L.
Published: December 2017

Computational methods have been used to simulate hemodynamics for several decades now. However, the field has experienced a remarkable advancement in the past 20 years, due to concurrent breakthroughs in medical imaging and computer hardware and software. It is now possible to create sophisticated patient‐specific models of hemodynamics to study cardiovascular disease, test the performance of medical devices, perform noninvasive diagnostics, and even virtually plan complex surgeries. In this chapter, we provide an overview of classic, well‐established methods for blood flow modeling and a summary of novel computational tools. We then review several salient clinical applications in which computational modeling has had a prominent role in the past few years and end the chapter with the discussion of current challenges and future opportunities.
Ship Hydrodynamics
Authors: Oñate Eugenio , García‐Espinosa Julio , Idelsohn Sergio R. , Serván‐Camas Borja
Published: December 2017

This chapter presents an overview of some computational methods for the analysis of problems in ship hydrodynamics. Attention is focused on the description of stabilized finite element formulations derived via a finite increment calculus (FIC) procedure. Both arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) and fully Lagrangian forms are presented. Details of the treatment of the free‐surface waves and the interaction between the ship structure and the sea water are given. Potential flow formulations for seakeeping analysis and calculation of the added resistance in waves are also described. Examples of application of the computational methods presented to a variety of ship hydrodynamics and related problems are given.
Prescribed Performance Fine Attitude Control for a Flexible Hypersonic Vehicle with Unknown Initial Errors
Authors: Zhao He‐Wei , Liang Yong , Yang Xiu‐Xia , Hu Yun‐An
Published: December 2017

This is a study of a fine attitude control system design for a flexible hypersonic vehicle with unknown initial errors. A prescribed performance control method, backstepping control method, and RBF neural network method are used to design the controllers. A newly defined error transformation function is used to solve the unknown initial error issue in prescribed performance control. Different from traditional a RBF neural network, the fully‐tuned dynamic RBF neural network has better approximation ability, and the weight vector, respective centers, and width of the Gaussian function of the neural network are regulated by adaptive laws designed in the controller. The stability of the system is proved and analyzed in this paper for a fully‐tuned dynamic neural network introduced to the control system. Furthermore, prescribed performance control can guarantee the tracking errors satisfy the specified conditions and the fine attitude control can be implemented through the prescribed performance method. Finally, the simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and corrective ability of the control strategy.
The Strong β−CF3 Shielding Effect in Hexafluoroisopropanol and 100 Other Organic Solvents Revisited with 17O NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Bernhardt Annika , Kelm Harald , Patureau Frederic W.
Published: December 2017

An 17O NMR spectroscopy survey of more than 100 ubiquitous organic solvents and compounds, including some typical oxofluorinated solvents such as hexafluoroisopropanol, trifluoroethanol, trifluoroacetic acid, and others, is presented with D2O as a reference. A strong alternating α,β−CF3‐substituent chemical shift effect was thus observed. This alternating deshielding–shielding effect is suspected to have a role in the exceptional properties of these oxofluorinated solvents, notably in oxidative cross‐coupling reactions.
Preparation of new ferroelectric Li0.95Ta0.57Nb0.38Cu0.15O3 materials as photocatalysts in microbial fuel cells
Authors: Louki Sami , Touach Nour‐eddine , Benzaouak Abdellah , Salar‐García María José , Ortiz‐Martínez Víctor Manuel , Hernández‐Fernández Francisco José , de los Ríos Antonia Pérez , El Mahi Mohammed , Lotfi El Mostapha
Published: December 2017

A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a device for both the generation of bioelectricity and the treatment of wastewater. However, its performance is affected by several parameters, and more particularly the materials used as the active phase at the cathode. In order to develop new, more efficient cathodes, two new non‐stoichiometric ferroelectric cathode materials are studied in this work. These electrodes have been synthesized according to two heat treatment modes (slow cooling and rapid cooling) from non‐stoichiometric ferroelectric materials with the formula Li0.95Ta0.57Nb0.38Cu0.15O3. The synthesized phases were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), particle size distribution (PSD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The main characteristics of these phases are the Curie temperatures, 1217 and 1197 °C, and the specific surfaces of 0.572 and 0.801 m2/g for the slow and rapid cooling phases, respectively. These materials were subsequently tested as photocathodes in a single chamber MFC in terms of the bioenergy production and wastewater treatment, by measuring the output power density and the rate of removal of COD in the presence of a light source. For the samples prepared by slow and rapid cooling, the values of maximum power density were 20.10 and 205.35 mW/m3, respectively. The COD removal rates were 74 and 80 %, respectively. Accordingly, the phase prepared by rapid cooling was shown to be more efficient in terms of power generation and wastewater treatment with a significant improvement in photocatalytic activity.
High‐Pressure Synthesis of Nanodiamonds from Adamantane: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Ekimov Evgeny A. , Kudryavtsev Oleg S. , Mordvinova Natalia E. , Lebedev Oleg I. , Vlasov Igor I.
Published: December 2017

The high‐pressure and high‐temperature technique is the most promising for mass production of ultra‐small diamond nanoparticles of perfect structure. In the present work, this technique was successfully used for the synthesis of nanodiamonds from their molecular analogue, adamantane. A minimum size of synthesized diamond crystals of about 3 nm was reached. It was found that the decisive condition for the stable production of nanodiamonds from adamantane under pressures below the limit value required for direct conversion of graphite into diamond is the minimization of the carbon sample loss during the synthesis. The possibility of doping such diamonds with optically active impurities is demonstrated by the synthesis of submicron diamonds, containing nitrogen‐related centers, from a mixture of adamantane and adamantane carbonitrile.
Suboptimal Antituberculosis Drug Concentrations and Outcomes in Small and HIV‐Coinfected Children in India: Recommendations for Dose Modifications
Authors: Guiastrennec Benjamin , Ramachandran Geetha , Karlsson Mats O. , Kumar A.K. Hemanth , Bhavani Perumal Kannabiran , Gangadevi N. Poorana , Swaminathan Soumya , Gupta Amita , Dooley Kelly E. , Savic Radojka M.
Published: December 2017

This work aimed to evaluate the once‐daily antituberculosis treatment as recommended by the new Indian pediatric guidelines. Isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide concentration–time profiles and treatment outcome were obtained from 161 Indian children with drug‐sensitive tuberculosis undergoing thrice‐weekly dosing as per previous Indian pediatric guidelines. The exposure–response relationships were established using a population pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic approach. Rifampin exposure was identified as the unique predictor of treatment outcome. Consequently, children with low body weight (4–7 kg) and/or HIV infection, who displayed the lowest rifampin exposure, were associated with the highest probability of unfavorable treatment (therapy failure, death) outcome (Punfavorable). Model‐based simulation of optimized (Punfavorable ≤ 5%) rifampin once‐daily doses were suggested per treatment weight band and HIV coinfection status (33% and 190% dose increase, respectively, from the new Indian guidelines). The established dose‐exposure–response relationship could be pivotal in the development of future pediatric tuberculosis treatment guidelines.
Highly Efficient Gas‐Phase Oxidation of Renewable Furfural to Maleic Anhydride over Plate Vanadium Phosphorus Oxide Catalyst
Authors: Li Xiukai , Ko Jogie , Zhang Yugen
Published: December 2017

Maleic anhydride (MAnh) and its acids are critical intermediates in chemical industry. The synthesis of maleic anhydride from renewable furfural is one of the most sought after processes in the field of sustainable chemistry. In this study, a plate vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalyst synthesized by a hydrothermal method with glucose as a green reducing agent catalyzes furfural oxidation to MAnh in the gas phase. The plate catalyst—denoted as VPOHT—has a preferentially exposed (200) crystal plane and exhibited dramatically enhanced activity, selectivity and stability as compared to conventional VPO catalysts and other state‐of‐the‐art catalytic systems. At 360 °C reaction temperature with air as an oxidant, about 90 % yield of MAnh was obtained at 10 vol % of furfural in the feed, a furfural concentration value that is much higher than those (<2 vol %) reported for other catalytic systems. The catalyst showed good long‐term stability and there was no decrease in activity or selectivity for MAnh during the time‐on‐stream of 25 h. The high efficiency and catalyst stability indicate the great potential of this system for the synthesis of maleic anhydride from renewable furfural.
Towards the Shell Biorefinery: Sustainable Synthesis of the Anticancer Alkaloid Proximicin A from Chitin
Authors: Sadiq Alejandro D. , Chen Xi , Yan Ning , Sperry Jonathan
Published: December 2017

A shell biorefinery would involve fractionation of crustacean shells and incorporation of the components into value‐added products, particularly those that contain nitrogen. In a proof‐of‐concept study that validates this concept, the anticancer alkaloid proximicin A has been synthesized from the chitin‐derived platform chemical 3‐acetamido‐5‐acetylfuran (3A5AF). This study accentuates the leading role chitin is likely to play in the sustainable production of nitrogen‐containing fine chemicals that are not directly attainable from lignocellulose.
Co‐producing simulation models to inform resource management: a case study from southwest South Dakota
Authors: Miller Brian W. , Symstad Amy J. , Frid Leonardo , Fisichelli Nicholas A. , Schuurman Gregor W.
Published: December 2017

Simulation models can represent complexities of the real world and serve as virtual laboratories for asking “what if…?” questions about how systems might respond to different scenarios. However, simulation models have limited relevance to real‐world applications when designed without input from people who could use the simulated scenarios to inform their decisions. Here, we report on a state‐and‐transition simulation model of vegetation dynamics that was coupled to a scenario planning process and co‐produced by researchers, resource managers, local subject‐matter experts, and climate change adaptation specialists to explore potential effects of climate scenarios and management alternatives on key resources in southwest South Dakota. Input from management partners and local experts was critical for representing key vegetation types, bison and cattle grazing, exotic plants, fire, and the effects of climate change and management on rangeland productivity and composition given the paucity of published data on many of these topics. By simulating multiple land management jurisdictions, climate scenarios, and management alternatives, the model highlighted important tradeoffs between grazer density and vegetation composition, as well as between the short‐ and long‐term costs of invasive species management. It also pointed to impactful uncertainties related to the effects of fire and grazing on vegetation. More broadly, a scenario‐based approach to model co‐production bracketed the uncertainty associated with climate change and ensured that the most important (and impactful) uncertainties related to resource management were addressed. This cooperative study demonstrates six opportunities for scientists to engage users throughout the modeling process to improve model utility and relevance: (1) identifying focal dynamics and variables, (2) developing conceptual model(s), (3) parameterizing the simulation, (4) identifying relevant climate scenarios and management alternatives, (5) evaluating and refining the simulation, and (6) interpreting the results. We also reflect on lessons learned and offer several recommendations for future co‐production efforts, with the aim of advancing the pursuit of usable science.
Aspects of silver tolerance in bacteria: infrared spectral changes and epigenetic clues
Authors: Gurbanov Rafig , S. Ozek Nihal , Tunçer Sinem , Severcan Feride , Gozen Ayse G.
Published: December 2017

In this study, the molecular profile changes leading to the adaptation of bacteria to survive and grow at inhibitory silver concentration were explored. The profile obtained through infrared (IR)‐based measurements indicated extensive changes in all biomolecular components, which were supported by chemometric techniques. The changes in biomolecular profile were prominent, including nucleic acids. The changes in nucleic acid region (1350‐950 cm−1) were encountered as a clue for conformational change in DNA. Further analysis of DNA by IR spectroscopy revealed changes in the backbone and sugar conformations. Moreover, Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay‐based measurements of DNA methylation levels were performed to see if epigenetic mechanisms are in operation during bacterial adaptation to this environmental challenge. The results indicated a notable demethylation in Escherichia coli and methylation in Staphylococcus aureus likely to be associated with their elaborate adaptation process to sustain survival and growth.
U.S. history state assessments, discourse demands, and English Learners’ achievement: Evidence for the importance of reading and writing instruction in U.S. history for English Learners
Authors: Miller Jason M.
Published: December 2017

States are beginning to restructure their U.S. history assessments from previous multiple-choice based assessments to include written-response questions that have higher levels of academic language demands. These higher-order thinking and analytical items pose challenges to linguistically and culturally diverse students. The purpose of the current study is to investigate how the restructuring of a U.S. history state assessment is associated with English Learners’ (ELs) achievement over time. The author incorporates 3 years of data from the Tennessee Department of Education, and utilizes multi-level modeling (Hierarchical Linear Modeling) to examine and compare the association between school percentage ELs and U.S. history achievement on Tennessee's (TN) U.S. history state assessment. Findings indicate that the restructuring of the TN U.S. history state assessment in the 2015–16 school year is significantly and inversely associated with ELs’ achievement on this assessment. At the same time, there are no significant associations for the 2012–13 and the 2013–14 school years. This suggests a negative inverse association between the restructuring of the TN U.S. history state assessment and ELs’ performance. In addition, this suggests that ELs’ lack of U.S. history reading and writing ability may have contributed to the negative association.
0.75 V 2.6 GHz digital bang–bang PLL with dynamic double‐tail phase detector and supply‐noise‐tolerant gm‐controlled DCO
Authors: Wong C.‐H. , Li Y. , Du J. , Wang X. , Chang M.‐C.F.
Published: December 2017

A compact low‐supply‐voltage yet low‐noise digital bang–bang PLL (DBBPLL) is proposed. The bang–bang phase detector is based on a dynamic double‐tail latch which enables high time‐to‐voltage gain and low input‐referred noise under tight power‐supply headroom. The ring‐based digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) is made of multiple gm‐controlled delay units and a constant‐gm‐biased current DAC. By combining these two blocks, the DCO can now better tolerate supply noise and process variations. A prototype DBBPLL has been implemented in a mainstream 28 nm CMOS process with a compact die area of 0.014 mm2. When operating at 2.6 GHz, it consumes 2.9 mW with 0.75 V supply and achieves low in‐band phase noise of −105 dBc/Hz.
Potato Insect Control, 1993
Authors: Slocombe A. C. , Ferro D. N.
Published: December 2017

Potatoes were planted on 5 May in South Deerfield, Massachusetts. Fertilizer (600 lbs 10N:10P:I0K/ acre) was banded into the furrow at planting. Soil was a fine sandy loam with a pH of 5.6. Manzate (fungicide) was applied at 1 lb. Al/acre on 24 May, and 18 and 27 Jun. CPB densities on 15 Jun were 1.6 adults, 3.8 egg masses and 7.9 early instars per plant. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of four 30 ft. rows with a 6 ft. fallow area separating each plot. All samples were taken from the center plants in the center two rows for each plot. Treatments were applied with CO2-pressurized sprayers at 40 psi, delivering about 70 gal/acre. CPB population densities were determined by counting larvae on 10 whole stalks in each plot. The number of adults, egg masses, early instars (first and second) or late instars (third and fourth) were recorded. All treatments were first applied on 16 Jun, and again on 23 and 30 Jun, and 7, 14 and 21 Jul. The every other week applications were applied on 16 and 30 Jun and 7 and 21 Jul (second generation). For the Novodor-Abamectin rotation, Novodor was applied on 16 and 23 Jun followed by Abamectin on 30 Jun for first generation, and for second generation Novodor was applied on 7 and 14 Jul followed by Abamectin on 21 Jul. For the Abamectin-Novodor rotation, Abamectin was applied on 16 and 23 Jun followed by Novodor on 30 Jun for first generation, and for second generation Abamectin was applied on 7 and 14 Jul followed by Novodor on 21 Jul.
Postemergence Liquid Vs Granular Insecticides for Corn Rootworm Control, 1993
Authors: Journey A. M. , Ostlie K. R.
Published: December 2017

Performance of Furadan 4F as a postemergence spray timed to peak corn rootworm hatch was evaluated against granular insecticides. Plots measuring 2 rows (30-inch row spacing) by 50 ft were planted on 12 May in a Waukegan silt loam soil at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Research Station, Rosemount. Granular insecticides were banded ahead of the press wheel with a modified Noble applicator at planting. Postemergence (25 Jun) applications of Furadan 4F were made using a CO2-powered backpack (20 gpa), either broadcast or as a basally directed spray (10 inch band). Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Half of the Furadan plots were cultivated on 26 Jun. Three emergence cages, each enclosing 2 plants, were installed per plot on 29 Jul. Beetles were collected every 10 days from 4 Aug to 1 Sep. Percent lodging was determined on 16 Aug. A plant was defined as lodged if the base was tipped more than 45° from vertical. On 20 Aug, 5 roots from each plot were dug, washed, and rated using the Iowa 1-6 scale.
Control of Buffalograss Chinch Bugs with Combinations of Insecticidal Soap and Reduced Rates of Conventional Insecticides, 1993
Authors: Baxendale F. P. , Kalisch J. A. , Steinegger D. H.
Published: December 2017

The study was conducted on a buffalograss lawn in Lincoln, NE. The turf was maintained at a mowing height of 3.5 inches and thatch accumulation in the plot area was 0.25 inches. Field conditions at the time of application were: soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3-5%; soil pH, 6-7; water pH, 7.0; soil moisture, near field capacity. Plots were 4 × 4 ft and the experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied 3 Sep. Prior to application, the plot area was mowed to 1.5 inches. Treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer using a LF-4 tip at 24 psi and delivering 5 gal finished spray/1000 ft2. Immediately following application, plots were syringed with 0.25 inches water. Product efficacy was evaluated 8 Sep (5 DAT) by removing from each plot three turf-soil cores to a depth of 1 inch with a 4.25-inch diam cup cutter (0.3 ft2 total area per plot). Cores were returned to the laboratory and placed in Berlese funnels. After 48 hr extracted chinch bugs were counted.
Insecticides with Disyston 15G as Safener for Command Herbicide on Cotton in Mississippi, 1994
Authors: Reedy Jack T. , Jackson C. S.
Published: December 2017

Insecticides were applied in-furrow with different rates of Disyston 15G in a split block statistical design with Command and Cotoran herbicides as main plots and insecticides as subplots. Insecticide treatments were paired across herbicides, and applied in 2 row plots randomized within each of 4 replications. Cotton was planted at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State, MS, in Marietta sandy loam soil with 10 lb of Terraclor SuperX fungicide per acre on 15 May with a John Deere 7100 Maxemerge planter equipped with Almaco cone planters for seed application and belt cone planters for granule application. Soil parameters were: pH 8.0, OM 1.13%, 9.3% clay, 29.5% silt and 61.2% sand. Preemergence herbicides were applied at a rate of 0.75 lb (AI)/acre (Command) and 1.0 lb (AI)/acre (Cotoran) at a volume of 20 gpa with a tractor mounted flat boom equipped with 8003 flat fan nozzles spaced at 19 inches positioned 12 inches above the ground at a speed of 4 MP. The herbicides were lightly incorporated by dragging a chain behind the sprayer. Application pressure was 35 psi. Thrips were counted by destructive plant sampling followed by washing the thrips from the plants and counting them with the aid of dissection microscopes. Plants collected for thrips samples were measured from the cotyledonary node to the apical meristem. Phytotoxicity ratings were made by rating each plot for white, red and yellow coloration on the basis of 0 (none) to 5 (all plants colored) and adding these values together. Rainfall recorded during the test was 0.5 inches on 15 May, 0.18 inches 4 Jun and 0.6 inches 8 Jun.
Eastern Tent Caterpillar Control on Cherry Trees, 1994
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W.
Published: December 2017

Twenty 5-ft-tall pin cherry trees infested with eastern tent caterpillar were found in an abandoned field at Vann’s Pines (Ottawa Co.). The precounts were made on 23 May by counting the caterpillars visible on and within the tent without disturbing the tent. The larvae were in the 3rd-5th instars at the time of the test. The trees were blocked by the precounts. The entire tree was then sprayed with 500 ml of the treatment solution on the same d as the precounts with a R&D CO2 sprayer with an 8008 nozzle at 50 psi. Each treatment was replicated 4 times with each replicate being an individual tree. The weather conditions at the time of treatment were clear and sunny, 82°F, 2-3 mph wind. The postcount was made on 1 Jun by ripping open the tent and counting the no. of live caterpillars inside.
Whitefly Control on Poinsettia Plants 1994
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W.
Published: December 2017

Thirty-five 6-inch-tall Poinsettia plants planted in 4 inch plastic pots were grown in a whitefly infested (97% Greenhouse Whitefly and 3% Sweetpotato Whitefly) greenhouse at the Pesticide Research Center, Michigan State University. Plants were obtained free of whitefly on 18 Aug. Plants were sprayed to runoff on 26 Aug, 2 Sep, and 9 Sep with a handheld R&D CO2 sprayer with an 8008 nozzle at 20 psi. Each treatment was replicated 5 times. Postcounts were made on 23 Sep by collecting 4 leaves from each plant and counting the no. of whitefly larvae on the underside of each leaf with a dissecting microscope.
Evaluation of Ac 303630 for Control of Twospotted Spider Mite on Rose Plants in the Greenhouse, 1994
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W.
Published: December 2017

Thirty 30-inch-tall roses were grown in 3 gal pots at the Pesticide Research Center, Michigan State University. In early Mar the plants were infested with twospotted spider mites, raised on bean plants in the laboratory, by placing infested leaves on the test plants. Precounts were made on 21 Mar by collecting 10 leaves from each plant and counting the no. of mites on the underside of each leaf with a dissecting microscope. The plants were blocked by the precounts. Plants were sprayed to runoff on 25 Mar with a R&D CO2 sprayer with an 8008 nozzle at 50 psi. Each treatment was replicated 6 times, each replicate being an individual plant. Postcounts were made on 28 Mar, 1,8, 15 and 29 Apr in the same manner as the precounts.
Striped Pine Scale Control, Midsummer Applications, Golden, Co, 1992
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Cooper Dayna
Published: December 2017

Trials were conducted at a Golden, CO golt course on Scotch pine that were heavily infested with striped pine scale. Applications were made 4 Aug to point of run-off on individual infested terminal branches. Plot design was a RCB with 4 replications. At the time of treatment nymphs were in the second instar; at evaluation males were beginning to emerge. Plots were evaluated by counting the total number of nymphs on 10 needle bundles collected randomly on 10 Sep.
Control of Insects on Potatoes, 1995
Authors: Foster R. E. , Buhler W. G.
Published: December 2017

Seed pieces were planted 15 May at the Pinney Purdue Research Farm, Wanatah, Indiana. Plots consisted of single rows, 30 ft long, 5 ft apart, arranged in a RCB with four replications. Insecticides were applied with a CO2powered backpack sprayer using hollow cone nozzle tips and delivering 16.3 gal water/acre at 30 psi. All Admire 2F treatments were applied in the furrow at planting. Foliar sprays were applied 28 Jun, 12 and 31 Jul. CPB were counted on ten plants per plot on 27 Jun, 5, 17 Jul and 7 Aug. PLH adults were monitored with a sweep net. Results are presented as the average number of CPB per 10 plants or average number of PLH adults per 20 sweeps. Yields were measured by harvesting all marketable tubers from each plot on 30 Aug.