bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SUPPLY CHAIN FINANCE EM PEQUENAS E MÉDIAS EMPRESAS: UM ESTUDO NO SETOR DE PANIFICAÇÃO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Marcato João Guilherme
Published: December 2021

O acirramento da competitividade no setor de panificação industrial tornou essencial a análise das relações financeiras entre os elos de suas cadeias de suprimentos. Para tanto, as empresas têm adotado o Supply Chain Finance (SCF), que visa diminuir o risco de financiamento por meio da melhoria do capital de giro. Contudo, a adoção de práticas de SCF é normalmente negligenciada por pequenas e médias empresas (PME’s), que enfrentam dificuldades para obter financiamento junto a instituições financeiras. Logo, o objetivo deste estudo é identificar as principais barreiras ao financiamento de PME’s do setor de panificação brasileiro e o seu grau de maturidade em relação às práticas de SCF. Nesse sentido, desenvolveu-se um questionário estruturado que foi enviado por e-mail a organizações deste segmento. Os resultados demonstraram que as principais barreiras enfrentadas são o elevado custo de crédito e a burocracia excessiva, associadas ao risco de endividamento. Identificou-se, também, que há pouca maturidade acerca de práticas de SCF no setor, justificada pelo raro acompanhamento de qualquer indicador de desempenho financeiro associado às cadeias de suprimentos em que as empresas estão inseridas.
Women in the Islamic world – politico-eligious and socio-legal status
Authors: Stoyanova-Encheva Olga
Published: December 2021

The article aims to outline a prototype of the woman in the Islamic world by clarifying her status, the main restrictions imposed on her, and some of the differences that exist on the issue between different Islamic schools.
John Stuart Mill‘s Liberal Reformism and the New Concept of Freedom, Property and Government
Authors:   ", Alexandrov Nikolay ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to a key moment in the history of British liberalism when, under the influence of the Industrial Revolution, the need arose for a revision of classical liberal teaching. On the border between classical and social liberalism stands the figure of the British philosopher and economist John Stuart Mill who attempted to update the basic tenets of liberal ideology. Taking into account the socio-economic reality of his time, he set out to revise the foundations of liberal ideology, rethinking in modern times the problems of freedom, property and governance by expanding their perimeter in favour of the masses. This article also details Stuart Mill’s concept of individualism and collectivism in the context of freedom and the right to self-determination.
Aneta Dragushanu – The Perusal of the Myth of the Eternal Returning
Authors:   ", Evlogiev Bissere ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: December 2021

The article presents a personal, chamber reading of fragments of interviews, stories, paintings, memories of the artist Aneta Dragushanu and her attitude towards man and art. A personal touch to familiar theories related to the eternal gaze, search and returning and their manifestation in the works of the author. There is no doubt that every work of Dragushanu, sketch, drawing, and canvas is its way to share with us, a way to seek the human in of the day. We find this pursuit and search for truth in the attitude towards models as well. The search is not for the ideal, perfect image, but for the living person. The one she knows, without posture and intent, the one she has met, talked to, realized. This insight into seemingly insignificant things, into the small details of everyday life, of the purity of human communication is its pursuit of the impermanent, the eternal.
Language: Experience on a Borderline Phenomenon
Authors:   Sofia University, “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria, Petrov Stefan
Published: December 2021

This article is focused on language’s nature and its role as a condition of understanding. In this context, the basic question remains whether language represents reality or, on the contrary, constitutes it. In order to answer this question, the study examines the border as a phenomenon. If we consider the border as nothing more than a limit, then the world within the boundaries of language appears to be something constructed only by language. If we presume that the border is a field of communication between reality and the subject, then the understanding should include elements of subjectivity, as well as reality itself. This could be the main statement of dialectical symbolism.
Philosophy and the Future of Human Being
Authors:   ", Kondratjuk Pantelej ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: December 2021

Social Philosophy is a discipline that deals with social behaviour and interprets society and its institutions according to ethical values instead of empirical relations. Bearing this in mind, I decided to explore the phenomenon of the crisis regarding the modern ethos of postmodern culture in the context of the history of classical philosophy. I have done so by relating it to new theoretical and epistemological frameworks of social, philosophical ontology on the one hand, and to the attempt to find an appropriate linguistic paradigm though philosophical semantics on the other hand that would have the potential to create an alternative ethical category. The ultimate goal is to show that philosophy becomes philosophy through the human being himself.
Loop Algorithms for Ductility Analysis of Column Reinforced Steel with Yield Strength Above 500 MPA
Authors: Azmi Ahmad Faza
Published: December 2021

There are many benefits to the use of high-strength reinforcement (above 500 MPa) in reinforced concrete buildings. The advantages of using high-strength reinforcement are reduction steel volume and dimension, reduced construction time, reduction in reinforcement congestion, as well as savings in materials and worker cost. Meanwhile, the investigation of ductility of reinforced concrete element with high-strength reinforcement to resist earthquake effects under current design procedure is needed. In the current standard, ACI 318-71, The maximum specified yield strength was restricted to 60 Ksi (413 MPa) for reinforcement in special seismic system. There were also no ASTM standard specifications for reinforcement with yield strength above 500 MPa. In the design of seismic resisting structures, the analysis of curavture ductility and flexural overstrength factor is of important consideration in order to avoid brittle failure. This paper attempts to anaylze the ductility and re-evaluate the flexural overstrength factor of reinforced concrete column. The tensile tests of steel reinforcement with yield strength above 500 MPa generates stress-strain curve. An idealisations for the monotonic stress-strain curve proposed by mander was adopted in this study. Whereas in this numerical study of confined concrete columns, the behavior of concrete cored is modeled by the stress-strain relationship of confined concrete proposed by Kappos-Konstantinidis. This stress strain model was used for the momen, curvature, ductility, and flexural overstrength factor analysis.
Classification of The Nutrition Status Toddler Using the SVM Method (Case Study: Banjaragung Village, Bareng, Jombang)
Authors: Prasetyo Eko , Tias Rahmawati Febrifyaning , Maulana Efilah Risqi
Published: December 2021

Improving the health status of children under five is very necessary in determining the next generation of the Indonesian nation. One of the efforts that can be realized is to maintain the nutrition of children under five in the community. Balanced nutrition can increase immunity and increase intelligence so as to make normal growth. In social life, nutritional status is obtained through anthropometric measurements at a posyandu where people generally use the BB/U index or body weight compared to age to determine the nutritional status of toddlers. This study aims to make it easier to identify the nutritional status of toddlers using Data Mining with Support Vector Machine (SVM). system built with PHP programming language and postgreSQL database. This study uses data on 314 toddlers in 4 groups of posyandu in the village. The data was tested 2 times, the first with a 50:50 comparison and the second 70:30 for training data and testing data. The results showed an accuracy of 96% and 98%, in other words, SVM was categorized as good for testing the nutritional status of children under five.
Agronegócio e geopolítica do liberalismo transnacional: biodiversidade e soberania alimentar em risco na América do Sul
Authors: Freitas Elisa Pinheiro de
Published: December 2021

No atual cenário de mudanças climáticas, verifica-se a crescente demanda por alimentos e energia de baixo carbono, pondo em marcha a disputa pelo controle de recursos essenciais da natureza: solo e água. Observa-se, nos países sul-americanos, o processo de apropriação de parte da renda da terra pelas principais tradings que operam na cadeia produtiva da soja. Com base no levantamento de dados estatísticos a partir de fontes governamentais, corporativas e de revisão de literatura sobre o tema, o objetivo deste artigo é tratar sobre os efeitos do controle corporativo transnacional para agronegócio dos países da América do Sul, bem como as implicações socioespaciais que se manifestam na perda de biodiversidade e na de soberania alimentar.
Contemporaneidade neoliberal e epistemologias afrodiaspóricas: diálogos críticos em busca de novos devires
Authors: Bonetti Lima Alexandre
Published: December 2021

Este ensaio tem por objetivo traçar considerações críticas sobre os processos de colonialidade, inspirados em concepções de conhecimento ocidental eurocêntrico, que se mostram ainda hegemônicos no país, a invisibilizar e aniquilar epistemes, fazeres e saberes alternativos e diversos. Para tanto, o percurso do ensaio trará reflexões sobre o modelo societário ocidental contemporâneo e as implicações que se produzem na esfera pública e nas intersubjetividades, tendo Hannah Arendt como interlocutora principal. A seguir, articulará uma antropologia do neoliberalismo com o conceito de necropolítica, através de Wacquant e Mbembe. Por fim, será realizado uma dialogia crítica entre este modelo societário e epistêmico hegemônico com uma epistemologia afrodiaspórica em solo brasileiro.
Barreras que afectan la movilidad en bicicleta de mujeres
Authors: Romero González Jenny Andrea
Published: December 2021

La movilidad se vivencia de forma singular dependiendo de múltiples elementos como la clase, la etnia, la edad, el género, entre otras. Las mujeres y los hombres tienen experiencias de movilidad diferenciadas, lo que hace que los motivos, los patrones, las responsabilidades, la autonomía y los medios de transporte que suelen usar sean distintos. Las mujeres son quienes menos utilizan la bicicleta como medio de transporte, puesto que enfrentan mayores barreras individuales, ambientales y sociales en su uso. Este ensayo plasma algunas de las barreras con las que estas se enfrentan al usar la bicicleta, así como sus posibles causas y algunas estrategias para afrontarlas. Se debe considerar el género en las acciones, programas e investigaciones que se realicen sobre la bicicleta, favorecer que las mujeres participen en la construcción de políticas públicas de movilidad y reconocer sus necesidades en el espacio público.
Servicios bibliotecarios para la tercera edad
Authors: Calero-Prieto Inmaculada , Faba-Pérez Cristina
Published: December 2021

Se analiza la situación actual de las bibliotecas públicas (estatales y municipales) de la provincia de Badajoz en la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura (España) y, principalmente, de los servicios bibliotecarios que están ofreciendo al colectivo de la tercera edad. Para ello, se diseña un cuestionario dividido en 7 categorías y un total de 61 preguntas, tanto generales, como específicas sobre la tercera edad, y se envía a las 128 bibliotecas públicas pacenses, con un porcentaje de respuesta del 50% (64 bibliotecas). El análisis estadístico descriptivo evidencia la falta de implicación por parte de las bibliotecas encuestadas con el sector de la tercera edad, así como la poca presencia de servicios y actividades para ellos. Asimismo, se detecta que la formación de los bibliotecarios está descuidada y que los organismos públicos recortan los presupuestos cada vez más. A partir de estas carencias se proponen actuaciones de mejora para la integración de la tercera edad en las bibliotecas públicas pacenses y, por consiguiente, en la sociedad extremeña.
Fake news, big data e o risco à democracia:
Authors: Capinzaiki Ottonicar Selma Leticia , Pomim Valentim Marta Lígia , Feitosa Jorge Leandro , Mosconi Elaine
Published: December 2021

Apresentam-se estudos e as ações acadêmicas para solucionar o problema das fake news no contexto social, principalmente em relação a democracia de um país. A metodologia é alicerçada na Revisão Sistemática da Literatura sobre o tema competência em informação e fake news, a fim de demonstrar como a academia vem pesquisando e demonstrando suas abordagens. Realizou-se um protocolo de revisão e, em seguida, buscaram-se artigos científicos em duas bases de dados, quais sejam: Web of Science e a Scientific Electronic Library Online. Os artigos recuperados foram publicados em várias áreas científicas, demonstrando o caráter multidisciplinar dessa temática. Além disso, houve um aumento nas publicações no ano de 2018, indicando que esse assunto é atual na área acadêmica. A maioria dos estudos analisados sugerem aplicar a competência em informação e a competência midiática nos currículos das escolas e universidades. Entretanto, pouco se tem discorrido sobre as possíveis soluções para evitá-las no campo político. Nesse sentido, as há uma lacuna de conhecimento em relação a competência em informação e midiática no contexto político e assim, se torna oportunidade para pesquisas futuras.
Introducción histórica a la docencia de la Documentación en los estudios de Periodismo
Authors: Domínguez-Delgado Rubén , Muñoz-García Francisco-Javier , López-Hernández María-Ángeles
Published: December 2021

Realizamos un recorrido histórico de casi un siglo por los estudios de Periodismo en España, desde que se crean las primeras escuelas de periodismo preuniversitarias, con la de El Debate, en 1926, como pionera, hasta los actuales grados en periodismo ofertados en las universidades públicas españolas en el curso académico 2020/2021, con el fin de analizar el grado de presencia e importancia que ha tenido la disciplina de la Documentación en dichos estudios. Al respecto, ha habido momentos álgidos, fundamentalmente en la última década del siglo XX y en los primeros años del XXI, a los que ha seguido una actual fase de declive, sobre todo desde finales de la primera década del presente siglo, tras la adaptación de los estudios universitarios al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. El análisis de esta evolución a nivel formativo se acompaña, para una mayor contextualización, de algunos hitos importantes en el ámbito del periodismo, la documentación y la educación.
Aspectos semióticos inherentes a la indización de los recursos de información
Authors: Suárez Sánchez Adriana
Published: December 2021

El objetivo del artículo es identificar los elementos semióticos que se encuentran presentes en la indización de los recursos de información. La metodología empleada consistió en el análisis del modelo semiótico de Charles Sanders Pierce y su comparación con el proceso de indización de los recursos de información, según la teoría planteada por Isidoro Gil Leiva. Se encontró que en la indización de los recursos de información subyacen los siguientes elementos semióticos: un Objeto (lo que es representado), un representador (quien representa), un Signo (la representación) y un Interpretante (lo que el signo crea en alguien a quien se dirige). La representación temática de los recursos de información incluye elementos semióticos fundamentales a la vez que se caracteriza por un Objeto abstracto e imbuido en un recurso de información, un representador con perfil profesionalizante y un Signo, limitado por el frecuente uso de lenguajes artificiales para la simbolización del Objeto. Se concluye que el estudio de la semiótica es importante para los bibliotecólogos, en vista de que la teoría del signo guarda relación con la representación y comunicación de entidades de información. A partir de la función representadora, el Signo (lingüístico y numérico) se concreta en registros bibliográficos que sustituyen a los recursos en un sistema. Derivado de la función comunicativa, el signo es un puente entre las necesidades de información de los usuarios y los recursos.
Análise comparativa de modelos conceituais de descrição arquivística: RiC e NEDA
Authors: Bittencourt de Souza Marcos Vinicius
Published: December 2021

A realidade dos arquivos tem se modificado nos últimos anos impulsionada principalmente pelos documentos digitais e o contexto no qual se inserem. O Conselho Internacional de Arquivos está elaborando um novo padrão de descrição arquivística para substituir os padrões vigentes. O presente estudo analisa o modelo conceitual espanhol (NEDA) e o novo padrão proposto, Records in Contexts (RiC), a respeito de suas entidades buscando identificar pontos em comum e equivalências que possam auxiliar futuras migrações de descrições.
Os escritórios de comunicação científica como espaços informacionais em interação com as bibliotecas universitárias
Authors: Graziosi Silva Eduardo , Rego-Piva Laura Maria , Guimarães José Augusto Chaves
Published: December 2021

Considerando los desafíos que se presentan a las bibliotecas universitarias en nuestros días, para orientar también a los usuarios-investigadores en temas relacionados a la comunicación científica, se analizan los menús de los sitios web de oficinas de comunicación científica de nueve universidades que figuran en posiciones punteras en los cuatro más importantes rankings universitarios internacionales (ARWU, THES, QS y Leiden) en términos de caracterización y de servicios y productos ofrecidos según la propuesta de González-Solar (2016). Los resultados evidencian una fuerte predominancia de servicios de apoyo a la publicación científica y de aumento de la visibilidad así como de servicios de orientación para publicación en acceso abierto. Ese escenario puede servir como modelo de actuación para que las bibliotecas universitarias se hagan cargo de las demandas de comunicación científica, siempre teniéndose en cuenta que el planeamiento de los productos y servicios debe considerar las necesidades institucionales y el planeamiento estratégico de la universidad de manera a reflejar las necesidades de los investigadores
Auge y declive del referendo presidencial en Bolivia: antecedentes de la caída presidencial de Evo Morales
Authors: Correa Flores Verónica Marlene
Published: December 2021

A lo largo de tres periodos presidenciales, Evo Morales Ayma ha convocado, por iniciativa propia, a cuatro Mecanismos de Democracia Directa a nivel nacional; de los cuales tres fueron aceptados por la población boliviana, mientras que el último fue rechazado. En el presente texto se analizará las condiciones de triunfo y un fracaso de estos mecanismos por parte del presidente boliviano, con la intención de explicar cómo el uso del referendo puede entenderse como un poder institucional del ejecutivo, el cual, al ser utilizado, puede resultar exitoso o fracasar cuando este poder se combina con factores contextuales como son el estado de la economía del país o la aprobación del presidente.
Jóvenes y partidos políticos ¿una relación fracturada o definitivamente rota?
Authors: Soria Moya Natally
Published: December 2021

En las organizaciones políticas ecuatorianas existe una débil o mínima participación de jóvenes como militantes o como candidatos. Esto motiva la realización del presente estudio con seis partidos políticos nacionales para identifcar su relación con los jóvenes. Además, también se convocó a jóvenes miembros de colectivos para entender por qué, si les interesa el trabajo social y el ejercicio de lo público, no pertenecen a los partidos. Este estudio es un primer acercamiento a un tema que no ha sido estudiado en Ecuador: la relación de jóvenes y partidos políticos. A través de él, se puede comprender qué esperan los jóvenes de los partidos y viceversa, además de identifcar como se caracterizan los unos a otros. Asimismo, a modo de conclusión, este estudio propone una serie de estrategias que podrían ayudar a los partidos a atraer más jóvenes a sus organizaciones.
La participación electoral de 2009, 2014 y 2019 en Ecuador: diagnóstico por cantones en un país con voto obligatorio
Authors: Jiménez Paredes William Eduardo
Published: December 2021

La presente investigación intentará responder ¿Cuál es el diagnóstico de la participación electoral en las votaciones municipales del 2009, 2014 y 2019 en Ecuador? Para cumplir con este objetivo, el objeto de estudio lo constituyen los 221 municipios en 11 años, con enfoque comparativo, entre las elecciones 2009, 2014 y 2019, a través del porcentaje de participación electoral por cantones. Como resultados se destacan que la tendencia de participación varía entre el 60% al 90%. Utilizando el marco teórico sobre la calidad de la democracia y la participación electoral, con Munck y Verkuilen, Barreda, Altman, Mainwaring, Pérez-Liñán, Levine y Molina, Franklin, Marsh y Lyons, Wagner, Johann y Kritzinger, Geissel y Jung, Hadjar y Beck, entre otros, se describirán estos resultados.
Partidos políticos y competencia electoral en Ecuador entre 2009 y 2013
Authors: Espinosa Rodríguez Alfredo
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo, estudia cómo los cambios a la normativa electoral realizados entre 2009 y 2013 dieron lugar a una relativa estabilidad (y a la concentración de poder) para que el gobierno de la época y su movimiento político puedan gobernar. En este sentido, se realiza un ejercicio narrativo-descriptivo y analítico-reflexivo para caracterizar el periodo en mención y las diferentes reformas electorales que en él se implementaron. También analiza cómo el intento por modernizar la política, a través de la normativa electoral (Código de la Democracia), sucumbieron frente al hábitus clientelar de los distintos actores políticos: los líderes de los partidos y movimientos, y los ciudadanos electores. Por todo lo expuesto, se concluye que las reformas electorales propiciadas en el periodo 2009-2013 respondieron a la intención de Alianza País de constituirse en partido predominante en el escenario político nacional.
Grandes discusiones del feminismo. Democracia y retos para la ciudadanía ecuatoriana
Authors: Galarza Quinchiguango Shakira Nicole
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo explora la ampliación a la conceptualización del feminismo y la inserción de las teorías de género, a través de breves recorridos por hitos históricos, que dieron paso a la aparición de más elementos a consideración. Asimismo, a lo largo de sus tres apartados, se revisa la lógica propuesta por Fraser del reconocimiento y distribución con el fn de entenderla ligada a conceptualizaciones como la democracia y la ciudadanía. Finalmente, este escrito analiza la noción de la equidad de género en el escenario ecuatoriano, y a través de dos ejemplos, se evidencia la idea conservadora predominante en el país, en contraposición a la idea de adaptar y promocionar el género inscrito en instrumentos internacionales.
Detentie en autonomie
Authors: Driessen Josi , Potgieter Renske , Dirkzwager Anja , Harte Joke , Aarts Henk
Published: December 2021

Detention and autonomy – About the psychological basis of voluntary action and self-reliance

Life in prison goes hand in hand with far-reaching restrictions in the personal autonomy of offenders. Lack of personal autonomy and the coercion to perform certain actions disrupt the ‘normal’ intrinsic experiences of voluntary action (i.e. sense of agency). Disturbances in the neurocognitive basis of voluntary action have a number of clear effects on human functioning, including self-reliance. This paper provides a first analysis of the relationship between personal autonomy and the intrinsic experience of voluntary action, and how this may be the key to understanding how freedom restrictions in detention can reduce self-reliance.
Poles in Belgium and the question of rebirth of an independent Polish state
Authors: Gul-Rechlewicz Violetta
Published: December 2021

The issue of the participation of Polish political emigration in the struggle for freedom and its comprehensive activity in the political, scientific and cultural spheres are reflected in the Polish (European) history, thus providing valuable research material for future generations. Polish post-partition emigres, especially after the major national uprisings, was concentrated mainly in France, England and Belgium. Polish emigration in Belgium, similar to some extent to emigration in France – albeit smaller in number – was constituted by the Polish colony, represented, among others, by soldiers seeking refuge after the November Uprising (including several dozen officers, e.g. Ignacy Kruszewski, Feliks Prot de Pruszyński, Jan Zygmunt Skrzynecki, Władysław Zamoyski) and representatives of culture and science, Joachim Lelewel (an outstanding Polish historian, spiritual guide in an exile democratic camp), Stanisław Worcell (thinker and social activist of the Great Emigration) and many other outstanding Poles.
The aim of this article is to present the role of Polish emigration in Belgium, its contribution to the struggle for Poland’s independence, and to draw attention to the scholarly dispute surrounding the Great Emigration between Polish and Belgian historians regarding the effects of “politics in exile” and the question of the heroism of Polish patriots in exile. These considerations are a contribution to a broader discussion and an encouragement to a deeper penetration of the literature (source materials) on the Great Emigration, especially, if it concerns Belgium, available in foreign languages – French and Dutch.
Nick – tożsamość w Internecie
Authors: Dubiec-Stach Joanna
Published: December 2021

Nicknames, also treated as usernames, pseudonyms or as a subclass of pseudonyms, denote non-official personal names in German. They are names given by people themselves and therefore mostly self-chosen and not adopted by others in digital network communication, be it in chats, on forums, when gaming on the Internet, on social media, etc. This article deals with a contrastive examination of the German and Polish nicknames in selected digital network communications. After a semantic, morphological, syntactic, graphostilistic and lexical classification, the nicknames of both languages are compared. This article is intended to signal certain tendencies in the choice of the appropriate nicknames in both languages.
Kompetencje emocjonalno-społeczne nauczyciela wobec potrzeb współczesnej edukacji
Authors: Wawrzyniak Marta
Published: December 2021

This article concerns the issue of emotional and social competences of a teacher in the face of the needs of contemporary education, in relation to the global situation caused by the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The state of emergency introduced today is a new context for the changes taking place, challenging every sphere of life, including education. The publication presents reports from selected international and national reports, showing the state of the introduced remote education, which highlighted a multitude of problems for representatives of the school environment. The most important educational problems concern the deteriorating mental condition of pupils and teachers and the crisis in interpersonal relations. Attention was drawn to a neglected area in pedagogy, which is the sphere of emotional and social competences of the student and the teacher, as well as to the necessity of their compulsory inclusion in the problems of research. The article presents the position that school can be an environment for conscious learning of emotions, therefore it is important that teachers have emotional and social competences at an optimal level in order to provide effective support. It is assumed that only emotionally and socially competent teachers can stimulate the development of these competences in pupils. It has been recognised as a new task, challenge and educational need.
Nauczyciel – badacz. O zastosowaniu badania w działaniu przez nauczycieli i przyszłych nauczycieli języków obcych
Authors: Witkowska Magdalena
Published: December 2021

Action research (AR) as a research method has been recommended in the process of educating foreign language (FL) teachers as well as developing their teaching skills for decades. Many teacher education experts, including Elliott (1991) are of the opinion that the method contributes to teachers’ professional develpoment as they can extend their theoretical knowledge of the processes of learning and teaching through gaining the practical knowledge. Moreover, action research evokes the need for reflection upon one’s teaching activities. One may wonder whether FL teacher-practitoners apply AR in their teaching and how, if at all, it influences their classroom teaching. In order to learn about it, the author of the article conducted a questionnaire which provides interesting information about FL teachers’ attitude towards AR. The article aims at promoting AR as well as encouraging FL teachers and teacher-trainees to use the method in their work.
Selected aspects of ensuring energy security in the municipality
Authors: Stachowiak Klaudia
Published: December 2021

In a modern democratic state, it is fully justified that local governments influence on energy policy. The most serious reasons for municipalities to pursue their energy policy include implementing principles such as decentralization, subsidiarity, autonomy, and independence by local governments. It should be remembered that local governments are public authorities acting to meet the local communities’ needs. In the Polish institutional conditions, local governments may be jointly responsible for the national energy policy only if they can create local energy policy based on their energy potential. Bearing in mind the above, the relationship between the local energy policy and the national energy policy is different for each commune, depending on a given territorial unit’s specific conditions. The specificity and quality of these relationships are also determined by the municipal authorities, which can approach the policies they create strategically or rely on improvisation. In the first case, local governments plan and implement specific activities that make up the energy policy process, while in the second case, they wait for the activity and involvement of government administration bodies.
Wartość jako kategoria ekonomiczna w świetle wielowymiarowości pojęcia „wartość”
Authors: Chomać-Pierzecka Ewa
Published: December 2021

The ambiguity of statements may result in a wrong understanding of their content and incorrect decisions made on their basis. The Polish language uses a number of terms of ambiguous meaning, which determine the level of complication in interpreting and assessing the conveyed content. One of the notions included in this category is „value” – a term commonly used in everyday life, as well as extremely widely in the sphere of enterprise science. The dimension of capturing the value creates the essence of this term, constituting the basis of reference in the mechanisms of its determination. The above assumes particular significance in economic processes, where the process of valuation (pricing) arises directly from the essence of the object of reference and the purpose of measurement, the identification of which determines the content of the economic dimension of the „value” under consideration.
Economic value – like value in general, is a complex category. Deepening the content of this concept creates the basis for capturing and measuring the widely understood value (of resources, work, enterprise), hence „value” – including in particular „economic value” should be considered an important category from the point of view of the correctness of the course, and then the analysis of conducted economic processes. The problems of defining the concept of „value” inspired the author to write this article. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the meaning of the term „value” in the light of its ambiguity, with particular emphasis on the economic dimension of its consideration.
The study is based on a review and critical assessment of the available literature and studies, with conclusions.
I-DECIDED® – A decision tool for assessment and management of invasive devices in the hospital setting
Authors: Ray-Barruel Gillian
Published: December 2021

Indwelling medical devices, including vascular access and urinary catheters, pose a risk for infection, and therefore daily assessment and consideration of their continued need is a patient safety priority. The I-DECIDED® device assessment and decision tool is an evidence-based checklist, designed to improve the assessment, care, and timely removal of invasive devices in acute hospitalized patients. This paper explains each step of the tool, with rationale for inclusion.
BUCKLING AND POST-BUCKLING OF ISOTROPIC AND COMPOSITE STIFFENED PANELS: A REVIEW ON ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENT (2000-2012)
Authors: Ni X-Y , Prusty B G , Hellier A K
Published: December 2021

Stiffened panels made out of isotropic or anisotropic materials are being extensively used as structural elements for aircraft, maritime, and other structures. In order to maintain stiffness and strength with light weight, new design techniques must be employed when utilising these materials. Their stability, ultimate strength and loading capacity are the key issues pertaining to these engineering structures which have attracted a number of investigators to undertake in- depth research, either in an academic or actual engineering context. This paper provides an extensive review of the research which has been conducted in recent years (2000-2012) on the buckling and post-buckling response of isotropic and composite stiffened plate and shell structures related to analysis and experiment. The key objective of this review article is to collate the research performed in the area of buckling and post-buckling behaviour of stiffened structures, thereby giving a broad perspective of the state-of-the-art in this field.
AN OVERVIEW: ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING QUALITY OF SHIPS EXHAUST GASES
Authors: Seddiek I S
Published: December 2021

In spite of the fact that most of different transport means have achieved a significant reduction of their emissions quantity during the last few years; maritime field still suffers from the steady increase in the quantity of exhaust gases emitted from ships. As a result, the International Maritime Organization was prompted to issue a set of regulations for facing the seriousness of those emissions. The present paper handles the different methods which can be used to reduce the environmental damage caused by ship emissions. Through the study of the advantages and disadvantages of ships, emission reduction strategies; use of natural gas, selective catalytic reduction and sea water scrubbing systems have appeared as the best ways that can be utilized to reduce the environmental harms caused by ship emissions. Applicability of these methods aboard ships could vary from ship to another. Two high-speed passenger ships of different age were studied to evaluate the importance of applying these strategies. The results showed the possibility to attain valuable emission reduction percentage by using of selective catalytic reduction and sea water scrubbing systems, but they will be of high initial cost and will increase operating cost of both ships. On the other hand using of LNG as alternative fuel will be more convenient from the point of view of environment and economic issues for the newer existing ship.
ANCHOR WINDLASSES: A DESIGN PROPOSAL TO STANDARDISE REGULATIONS
Authors: Carral Couce J C , Carral Couce L , Villa Caro R , Fraguela Formoso J Á
Published: December 2021

Shipbuilding is an increasingly competitive field. As the key players in this activity, shipyard managers have to make their counterparts in related industries aware of two conflicting needs. On the one hand, they must produce high quality components that are technologically advanced. On the other, they need equipment that lets them build vessels at a reasonable price. With this second aim in mind, it would be useful to standardise both design and manufacturing processes. At the same time, ship owners always impose regulations. The manufacturers of deck equipment must therefore adapt their product designs to comply with these regulations, some of which have aspects in common. However, guidelines also differ on many points. This makes it difficult to reach desirable levels of standardisation in equipment design. The situation can be summed up in a phrase: for each vessel, a specific design. This article will first provide a comparative overview of current legislation. A proposal for anchor windlass design is then presented in an attempt to make the various regulations more cohesive. The objective here is to reach an acceptable degree of standardisation and, consequently, lower costs by applying economies of scale.
￼REVIEW OF LEGISLATION ON NOISE AND VIBRATION REGULATIONS IN MERCHANT SHIPS
Authors: Hernández Molina R , Fernández Zacarías F , Bermúdez F J , Muñoz Rubio A , Rasero J C
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to describe the evolution of noise regulations for merchant ships over the last four decades, analysing the most important aspects with respect to crew, passengers and exposed populations in cities, in line with the requirements of the European Union to reduce the environmental impact of transport. The paper also analyses the changes in regulations aimed at not only regulating noise and vibration inside the ship, but also noise emitted to the port and underwater radiated noise. We shall also include Classification Societies, given the importance of their standards in ensuring increasing levels of comfort on board ship.
LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER PERFORMANCE OF A MODEL SCALE T-FOIL
Authors: AlaviMehr J , Davis M R , Lavroff J
Published: December 2021

Submerged T-foils are an essential forward component of the ride control systems of high speed ferries. A model scale T-Foil for a 2.5m towing tank model of a 112m INCAT Tasmania high-speed wave-piercer catamaran has been tested for both static and dynamic lift performance. The tests were carried out using a closed-circuit water tunnel to investigate the lift and drag characteristics as well as frequency response of the T-Foil. The model T-Foil operates at a Reynolds number of approximately 105, has an aspect ratio of 3.6 and a planform which is strongly tapered from the inboard to outboard end. All of these factors, as well as strut and pivot interference, influence the steady lift curve slope ( of the  model T-foil which was found to be 61% of the value for an ideal aerofoil with elliptic loading. The T-foil dynamic performance was limited primarily by the stepper motor drive system and connection linkage. At the frequency of maximum motion of the 2.5 m catamaran model (about 1.5Hz) the model T-foil has approximately 5% reduction of amplitude and 15 degrees of phase shift relative to the low frequency response. Only very small limitations arose due to the unsteady lift as predicted by the analysis of Theodorsen. It was concluded that the model scale T-foil performed adequately for application to simulation of a ride control system at model scale.
TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTION EFFECTS ON AN AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE IN PROXIMITY OF A MOVING SUBMARINE
Authors: Leong Z Q , Ranmuthugala D , Penesis I , Nguyen H D
Published: December 2021

When an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is operating close to a moving submarine, the hydrodynamic interaction between the two vehicles can prevent the AUV from maintaining its desired trajectory. This can lead to mission failure and, in extreme cases, collision with the submarine. This paper outlines the transient interaction influence on the hydrodynamic coefficients of an AUV operating in close proximity and in relative motion to a larger moving submarine. The effects of relative motion on the interaction behaviour were investigated via two manoeuvres, i.e. the AUV overtaking and being overtaken by the submarine at different relative forward velocities and lateral distances. The results presented are from a series of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations on axisymmetric AUV and submarine hull forms, with validation of the CFD model carried out through scaled captive model experiments. The results showed that an AUV becomes less susceptible to the interaction influence when overtaking at speeds higher than the submarine. The implications of the interaction influence on the AUV’s ability to safely manoeuvre around the submarine are also discussed.
CALCULATION OF THE HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTION BETWEEN TWO ENCOUNTERING BODIES IN COUPLING MULTI-FREEDOM MOTIONS
Authors: WANG H M , WANG L , TU L Q , ZHAO C H
Published: December 2021

ellipsoids are taken as an example. By coupling the motion equations of the two bodies and the fluid flow equations, the interaction forces and moments are calculated, and the tracks are predicted. The numerical results for the model fixed motion (only free to surge) at constant speed are compared with those published in literature for the validation of the method proposed in this paper, and good agreement is found. On this basis, more complicated multi-degree of freedom motions in surge, sway and yaw directions induced by the interaction effects are simulated. By systematically comparing and analyzing the numerical results obtained at different speeds, lateral distances and body sizes, the influences of speed and lateral distance and body size ￼The sway and yaw motion will be induced additionally due to the interaction effects when two encountering bodies sail ￼in close proximity, which may lead to the collision accident. In the present study, two on the hydrodynamic forces are elucidated.
20 YEARS DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE - EVOLUTION OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS
Authors: McCarthy V , Lai P , Smith P
Published: December 2021

Decommissioning is an increasing market sector which has been gradually gathering momentum particularly in the North Sea. The forecast expenditure for removing existing platforms increases with time. This comes together with the increasing complexity of the decommissioning operation. Experience and expertise in this field are key for success. Saipem have been contracted to perform a number of ‘removals’ ranging from subsea templates, subsea pipelines, seabed debris clearance, jacket structures and topside modules. This paper provides an account of our experience gained over the last 20 years performing decommissioning activities. The paper presents the evolution of the techniques developed and focuses in particular on the Lift and Tow method developed after 2004 for a number of subsea applications. Problems always materialise post contract award due to inadequate data. The paper gives a detailed description of the Lift and Tow method along with various innovative techniques developed for this method, ranging from lifting operations supported by motion forecasting through to personnel access onto the structures.
DESIGN OF LOW-DRAG AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES AND FLOW CONTROL
Authors: Amromin E
Published: December 2021

Design of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) met the opposite challenges. Their achievable route can be enhanced with drag reduction due to an increase of AUV slenderness. However, blunt short AUV have others operational advantages. The possibility to design low-drag bodies for Reynolds numbers employed by contemporary AUV (2×106<Re<107) is based on a combination of known facts. First, blunt bodies experience a drag crisis associated with laminar-turbulent transition in their boundary layers and some boundary layer suction additionally reduces their drag. Second, the transition can be delayed till much higher Re for bodies without adverse pressure gradients over their forward and medium parts. Suction on sterns of such bodies allows for the very substantial drag reduction. Several body shapes with distributed suction with extremely low slenderness (L/B<1.5) are presented. Their drag coefficients are between 0.007 and 0.02, whereas for ellipsoid of the same slenderness it exceeds 0.08.
EFFECT OF THE SPANWISE DISCRETISATION ON TURBULENT FLOW PAST A CIRCULAR CYLINDER
Authors: Kim S , Wilson P A , Chen Z
Published: December 2021

The effect of the spanwise discretisation on numerical calculations of the turbulent flow around a circular cylinder is systematically assessed at a subcritical Reynolds number of 10000 in the frame of three-dimensional large-eddy simulation. The eddy-viscosity k-equation subgrid scale model is implemented to evaluate unsteady turbulent flow field. Large-eddy simulation is known to be a reliable method to resolve such a challenging flow field, however, the high computational efforts restrict to low Reynolds number flow or two-dimensional calculations. Therefore, minimum spatial density in the spanwise direction or cylinder axis direction needs to be carefully evaluated in order to reduce high computational resources. In the present study, the influence of the spanwise resolutions to satisfactorily represent three- dimensional complex flow features is discussed in detail and minimum spatial density for high Reynolds flow is suggested.
COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT SURVIVABILITY MEASURES ON A GENERIC FRIGATE
Authors: Liwång H , Jonsson H
Published: December 2021

The authors are to be thanked for publishing results from their Swedish Navy funded work into frigate Survivability. Given the sensitivity of the subject, while there have been a lot of recently published articles on the topic of warship survivability, it is worthwhile to get a view from a navy still considering relatively small warships to be frigates. It is also very helpful to have a set of four “Survivability levels” (at end of Section 2.1) to gauge a design’s performance in this regard.
HUMAN FACTORS IN SHIP DESIGN AND OPERATION: A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF THE THEORETICAL CONSTRUCT
Authors: Rumawas V , Asbjørnslett B E
Published: December 2021

This technical note presents an analysis of the underlying factors of human factors in ship design based on questionnaires distributed on two offshore supply vessels operating in the Norwegian Sea. The concept of human factors in ship design is still evolving. The purpose of this paper is to present a preliminary model of the human factors construct by using a factor analysis method. The results confirm the existence of controllability, workability and habitability as the principal factors of human factors in ship design. Three other factors that emerged are cargo facilities, reliability, automation and maintainability (RAM) and interfacing complexity. Bridging variables found between these factors include elements such as safety, manoeuvring, engine room and bridge design. A preliminary model of how the components or parts relate to human factors in ship design and operation is developed. The model also indicates the ￼parties who are responsible for the various aspects of ship design from a human factors perspective.