bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breeding biology of the speckled warbler, Chthonicola sagittata
Authors: Gardner J. L.
Published: September 2002

I studied the breeding biology of the speckled warbler in a large (>1000 ha) remnant of eucalypt woodland in the Australian Capital Territory, monitoring 160 nesting attempts over three breeding seasons. In many aspects of breeding the species is a typical member of the Acanthizinae. It laid a small clutch (usually 3�eggs) with a laying interval of two days, and had long incubation and nestling periods, 17-20 days and 15-19 days respectively. There was biparental care of the altricial young and fledglings were dependent for a long period; fledglings were fed for about 5 weeks and all dispersed about 7 weeks after leaving the nest. Females were multi-brooded, fledging up to 3 broods in a season from a maximum of 6 clutches, but despite this had a low reproductive rate over a long breeding season. Low reproductive success, about 1.0 fledgling per female per season, resulted mainly from nest failure due to predation; all nests were built directly on the ground and were thereby exposed to a wide range of predators and other forms of mishap. The implications of this invariable nesting strategy are discussed for populations nesting in fragmented landscapes in small remnants of habitat.
The Proliferative Capacity of Individual Naive CD4+T Cells Is Amplified by Prolonged T Cell Antigen Receptor Triggering
Authors: Schrum Adam G. , Turka Laurence A.
Published: September 2002

Strong antigenic encounter by T cells rapidly induces immunological synapse formation and surface T cell receptor (TCR) downregulation. Although surface TCR expression can remain low for several days, T cells can still sustain antigenic signaling. It has been unclear whether prolonged antigenic signaling occurs in the absence of surface TCR replenishment, being maintained by a few “nondownregulatable” surface TCRs that might reside in a synaptosomal structure. Alternatively, the low surface TCR level induced by antigen might represent a dynamic state of expression involving continual surface TCR replenishment, reengagement by antigen, and ongoing downregulation. To resolve this issue, we studied in vivo–generated, dual-specificity primary naive CD4+ T cells. On these cells, antigenic stimulus exclusively downregulated antigen-specific, but not antigen-nonspecific, TCRs. In addition to providing a means to track TCR engagement, this also allowed us to use the antigen nonspecific TCR to track TCR expression in isolation from TCR engagement by antigen. Surface TCR replenishment began within the first day of stimulation, and occurred synchronously with continuous antigen-specific TCR engagement and downregulation. Furthermore, by enhancing CD25 expression, extended signaling through surface-replenishing TCRs significantly amplified the number of daughter cells generated by naive CD4+ T cells that had already committed to proliferate. This effect required TCR engagement and could not be substituted for by interleukin 2. These data demonstrate that TCR triggering and consumption can occur over an extended period of time, with a significant impact on the effector responses evoked from naive CD4+ T cells.
Histidyl–tRNA Synthetase and Asparaginyl–tRNA Synthetase, Autoantigens in Myositis, Activate Chemokine Receptors on T Lymphocytes and Immature Dendritic Cells
Authors: Howard O.M. Zack , Dong Hui Fang , Yang De , Raben Nina , Nagaraju Kanneboyina , Rosen Antony , Casciola-Rosen Livia , Härtlein Michael , Kron Michael , Yang David , Yiadom Kwabena , Dwivedi Sunita , Plotz Paul H. , Oppenheim Joost J.
Published: September 2002

Autoantibodies to histidyl–tRNA synthetase (HisRS) or to alanyl–, asparaginyl–, glycyl–, isoleucyl–, or threonyl–tRNA synthetase occur in ∼25% of patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis. We tested the ability of several aminoacyl–tRNA synthetases to induce leukocyte migration. HisRS induced CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, interleukin (IL)-2–activated monocytes, and immature dendritic cells (iDCs) to migrate, but not neutrophils, mature DCs, or unstimulated monocytes. An NH2-terminal domain, 1–48 HisRS, was chemotactic for lymphocytes and activated monocytes, whereas a deletion mutant, HisRS-M, was inactive. HisRS selectively activated CC chemokine receptor (CCR)5-transfected HEK-293 cells, inducing migration by interacting with extracellular domain three. Furthermore, monoclonal anti-CCR5 blocked HisRS-induced chemotaxis and conversely, HisRS blocked anti-CCR5 binding. Asparaginyl–tRNA synthetase induced migration of lymphocytes, activated monocytes, iDCs, and CCR3-transfected HEK-293 cells. Seryl–tRNA synthetase induced migration of CCR3-transfected cells but not iDCs. Nonautoantigenic aspartyl–tRNA and lysyl–tRNA synthetases were not chemotactic. Thus, autoantigenic aminoacyl–tRNA synthetases, perhaps liberated from damaged muscle cells, may perpetuate the development of myositis by recruiting mononuclear cells that induce innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, the selection of a self-molecule as a target for an autoantibody response may be a consequence of the proinflammatory properties of the molecule itself.
Vaccination with Minigenes Encoding VH-derived Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I–binding Epitopes Activates Cytotoxic T Cells that Ablate Autoantibody-producing B Cells and Inhibit Lupus
Authors: Fan Guo-Chang , Singh Ram Raj
Published: September 2002

Current treatments for autoantibody-mediated diseases, such as lupus, can cause nonspecific immune suppression. In this paper, we used a bioinformatic approach to identify major histocompatibility complex class I–binding epitopes in the heavy chain variable region of anti-DNA antibodies from lupus-prone (NZB/NZW F1) mice. Vaccination of such mice with plasmid DNA vectors encoding these epitopes induced CD8+ T cells that killed anti-DNA antibody-producing B cells, reduced serum anti-DNA antibody levels, retarded the development of nephritis, and improved survival. Vaccine-mediated induction of anti-VH cytotoxic T lymphocytes that ablate autoreactive B cells represents a novel approach to treat autoantibody-mediated diseases.
IκB Kinase Signaling Is Essential for Maintenance of Mature B Cells
Authors: Pasparakis Manolis , Schmidt-Supprian Marc , Rajewsky Klaus
Published: September 2002

Nuclear factor (NF)-κB proteins play crucial roles in immune responses and cellular survival. Activation of NF-κB is mediated by the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, which is composed of two kinases, IKK1 and IKK2, and a regulatory subunit termed NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO). IKK2- and NEMO-deficient mice die at early embryonic stages. We therefore used conditional gene targeting to evaluate the role of these proteins in B cells in adult mice. B lineage–specific disruption of either IKK signaling by deletion of NEMO, or of IKK2-specific signals by ablation of IKK2 activity leads to the disappearance of mature B lymphocytes. We conclude that maintenance of mature B cells depends on IKK-mediated activation of NF-κB.
Combinatorial control of Drosophila eye development by Eyeless, Homothorax, and Teashirt
Authors: Bessa Jose , Gebelein Brian , Pichaud Franck , Casares Fernando , Mann Richard S.
Published: September 2002

In Drosophila, the development of the compound eye depends on the movement of a morphogenetic furrow (MF) from the posterior (P) to the anterior (A) of the eye imaginal disc. We define several subdomains along the A–P axis of the eye disc that express distinct combinations of transcription factors. One subdomain, anterior to the MF, expresses two homeobox genes, eyeless (ey) andhomothorax (hth), and the zinc-finger geneteashirt (tsh). We provide evidence that this combination of transcription factors may function as a complex and that it plays at least two roles in eye development: it blocks the expression of later-acting transcription factors in the eye development cascade, and it promotes cell proliferation. A key step in the transition from an immature proliferative state to a committed state in eye development is the repression of hth by the BMP-4 homolog Decapentaplegic (Dpp).
Distinct protein degradation mechanisms mediated by Cul1 and Cul3 controlling Ci stability in Drosophila eye development
Authors: Ou Chan-Yen , Lin Yi-Fan , Chen Ying-Jiun , Chien Cheng-Ting
Published: September 2002

The ubiquitin-like protein, Nedd8, covalently modifies members of the Cullin family. Cullins are the major components of a series of ubiquitin ligases that control the degradation of a broad range of proteins. We found that Nedd8 modifies Cul1 in Drosophila. InDrosophila Nedd8 and Cul1 mutants, protein levels of the signal transduction effectors, Cubitus interruptus (Ci) and Armadillo (Arm), and the cell cycle regulator, Cyclin E (CycE), are highly accumulated, suggesting that the Cul1-based SCF complex requires Nedd8 modification for the degradation processes of Ci, Arm, and CycE in vivo. We further show that two distinct degradation mechanisms modulating Ci stability in the developing eye disc are separated by the morphogenetic furrow (MF) in which retinal differentiation is initiated. In cells anterior to the MF, Ci proteolytic processing promoted by PKA requires the activity of the Nedd8-modified Cul1-based SCFSlimb complex. In posterior cells, Ci degradation is controlled by a mechanism that requires the activity of Cul3, another member of the Cullin family. This posterior Ci degradation mechanism, which partially requires Nedd8 modification, is activated by Hedgehog (Hh) signaling and is PKA-independent.
Synapsis-dependent and -independent mechanisms stabilize homolog pairing during meiotic prophase in C. elegans
Authors: MacQueen Amy J. , Colaiácovo Mónica P. , McDonald Kent , Villeneuve Anne M.
Published: September 2002

Analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans syp-1 mutants reveals that both synapsis-dependent and -independent mechanisms contribute to stable, productive alignment of homologous chromosomes during meiotic prophase. Early prophase nuclei undergo normal reorganization insyp-1 mutants, and chromosomes initially pair. However, the polarized nuclear organization characteristic of early prophase persists for a prolonged period, and homologs dissociate prematurely; furthermore, the synaptonemal complex (SC) is absent. The predicted structure of SYP-1, its localization at the interface between intimately paired, lengthwise-aligned pachytene homologs, and its kinetics of localization with chromosomes indicate that SYP-1 is an SC structural component. A severe reduction in crossing over together with evidence for accumulated recombination intermediates in syp-1mutants indicate that initial pairing is not sufficient for completion of exchange and implicates the SC in promoting crossover recombination. Persistence of polarized nuclear organization in syp-1 mutants suggests that SC polymerization may provide a motive force or signal that drives redispersal of chromosomes. Whereas our analysis suggests that the SC is required to stabilize pairing along the entire lengths of chromosomes, striking differences in peak pairing levels for opposite ends of chromosomes in syp-1 mutants reveal the existence of an additional mechanism that can promote local stabilization of pairing, independent of synapsis.
Multiple regulatory changes contribute to the evolution of the Caenorhabditis lin-48 ovo gene
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Chamberlin Helen M.
Published: September 2002

Recent work points to the importance of changes in gene expression patterns in species-specific differences. Here, we investigate the evolution of the nematode lin-48 ovo gene. lin-48 is expressed in several cells in both Caenorhabditis elegans andCaenorhabditis briggsae, but acts in the excretory duct cell only in C. elegans. We find the differences result both from alterations in the cis-regulatory sequences and in proteins that mediate lin-48 expression. One factor that contributes to the species differences is the bZip protein CES-2. Our results indicate the accumulation of several regulatory changes affecting one gene can contribute to evolutionary change.
The Carboxyl Terminus of Peptidoglycan Stem Peptides Is a Determinant for Methicillin Resistance in
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: de Jonge Boudewijn L. M. , Gage, Douglas , Xu Naxing
Published: September 2002

A
mecA
-containing
Staphylococcus aureus
strain was grown in the presence of high concentrations of
d
-serine,
d
-threonine, and
d
-phenylalanine. These growth conditions resulted in the replacement of the carboxyl-terminal (fifth)
d
-alanine residue of peptidoglycan stem peptides with the
d-
amino acid present in the growth medium and a reduced ability to grow in the presence of methicillin. The most dramatic effect was seen with
d
-serine. With 32 mM
d
-serine, strains that had been able to grow in the presence of 800 μg of methicillin per ml were only able to grow in the presence of less than 50 μg/ml. The results also suggest that in
S. aureus
vancomycin resistance mediated through the incorporation of precursors not terminating in
d
-alanyl-
d
-alanine would be mutually exclusive with expression of
mecA
-mediated methicillin resistance.
β-Lactamases in Ampicillin-ResistantEscherichia coliIsolates from Foods, Humans, and Healthy Animals
Authors: Briñas Laura , Zarazaga Myriam , Sáenz Yolanda , Ruiz-Larrea Fernanda , Torres Carmen
Published: September 2002

TEM-, SHV-, and OXA-type β-lactamases were studied by PCR with 124 ampicillin-resistant (AMPr)Escherichia coliisolates recovered from foods of animal origin (n= 20) and feces of humans (n= 49) and healthy animals (n= 55). PCR showed that 103 isolates were positive for TEM and negative for SHV and OXA. ThreeE. coliisolates showed a positive reaction for OXA, and one showed a positive reaction for SHV. The remaining 17E. coliisolates were negative for the three enzymes by PCR. Fifty-seven of the 103blaTEMamplicons were sequenced. Different molecular variants ofblaTEM-1were found in 52 isolates:blaTEM-1a(n= 9),blaTEM-1b(n= 36),blaTEM-1c(n= 6), andblaTEM-1f(n= 1). Four inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT) β-lactamase-encoding genes were also detected:blaTEM-30c(IRT-2),blaTEM-34b(IRT-6),blaTEM-40b(IRT-11), andblaTEM-51a(IRT-15). A newblaTEMgene, namedblaTEM-95b, which showed a mutation in amino acid 145 (P→A) was detected. It was found in a food isolate of chicken origin (AMPr, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid susceptible). The promoter region in 24blaTEMamplicons was analyzed, and the weakP3promoter was found in 23 of them (blaTEM-1in 20 amplicons andblaTEM-51a,blaTEM-30c, andblaTEM-95bin 1 amplicon each). The strongPa/Pbpromoter was found only in theblaTEM-34bgene. No extended-spectrum β-lactamases were detected. Mutations at position −42 or −32 in theampCgene promoter were demonstrated in 4 of 10E. coliisolates for which the cefoxitin MIC was ≥16 μg/ml. Different variants ofblaTEM-1and IRTblaTEMgenes were found among the AMPrE. coliisolates from foods and the feces of humans and healthy animals, and a new gene,blaTEM-95b(P3), was detected.
Comparison of the In Vitro Activity of the Glycylcycline Tigecycline (Formerly GAR-936) with Those of Tetracycline, Minocycline, and Doxycycline against Isolates of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Authors: Wallace Richard J. , Brown-Elliott Barbara A. , Crist Christopher J. , Mann Linda , Wilson Rebecca W.
Published: September 2002

We compared the in vitro activity of the glycylcycline tigecycline (formerly GAR-936) with those of tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline by broth microdilution against 76 isolates belonging to seven species of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and 45 isolates belonging to five species of slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). By using a resistance breakpoint of >4 μg/ml for tigecycline and >8 μg/ml for tetracycline, all RGM were highly susceptible to tigecycline, with inhibition of 50% of isolates at ≤0.12 μg/ml and inhibition of 90% of isolates at 0.25 μg/ml for
Mycobacterium abscessus
and inhibition of both 50 and 90% of isolates at ≤0.12 μg/ml for
M. chelonae
and the
M. fortuitum
group. The MICs of tigecycline were the same for tetracycline-resistant and -susceptible strains, and RGM isolates were 4- to 11-fold more susceptible to tigecycline than to the tetracyclines. In contrast, no slowly growing NTM were susceptible to tigecycline, and isolates of
M. marinum
and
M. kansasii
were less susceptible to this agent than to minocycline. This new antimicrobial offers exciting therapeutic potential for the RGM, especially for isolates of the
M. chelonae
-
M. abscessus
group, against which the activities of the currently available drugs are limited.
Mutations in the
aph(2")-Ic
Gene Are Responsible for Increased Levels of Aminoglycoside Resistance
Authors: Lee Hae Kyung , Vakulenko Sergei B. , Clewell Don B. , Lerner Stephen A. , Chow Joseph W.
Published: September 2002

Random PCR mutagenesis of the enterococcal
aph(2")-Ic
gene followed by selection for mutant enzymes that confer enhanced levels of aminoglycoside resistance resulted in mutants of APH(2")-Ic with His-258-Leu and Phe-108-Leu substitutions, all of which conferred rises in the MICs of several aminoglycosides. The mutated residues are located outside conserved regions of aminoglycoside phosphotransferases.
Penicillin-Binding Protein 1A, 2B, and 2X Alterations in Canadian Isolates of Penicillin-Resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Nichol Kimberly A. , Zhanel George G. , Hoban Daryl J.
Published: September 2002

Alterations within the penicillin-binding domain of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) genes
pbp1a
,
pbp2b
, and
pbp2x
were determined for 15 Canadian isolates of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
. All penicillin-nonsusceptible
S. pneumoniae
isolates showed a variety of PBP 2X substitutions and contained a Thr445-Ala change after the PBP 2B SSN motif. Only isolates for which penicillin MICs were ≥0.5 μg/ml had PBP 1A alterations near the STMK and SRN motifs. Sequence analysis revealed identical PBP 1A, PBP 2B, and PBP 2X substitution patterns among all isolates for which penicillin MICs were ≥1 μg/ml.
Efficacy of Linezolid against Methicillin-Resistant or Vancomycin-Insensitive
Staphylococcus aureus
in a Model of Hematogenous Pulmonary Infection
Authors: Yanagihara Katsunori , Kaneko Yukihiro , Sawai Toyomitsu , Miyazaki Yoshitsugu , Tsukamoto Kazuhiro , Hirakata Yoichi , Tomono Kazunori , Kadota Jun-Ichi , Tashiro Takayoshi , Murata Ikuo , Kohno Shigeru
Published: September 2002

We investigated the activities of linezolid, vancomycin, and teicoplanin in a murine model of hematogenous pulmonary infection with
Staphylococcus aureus
. Our results demonstrate that linezolid clearly reduced bacterial numbers in the methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
hematogenous infection model and significantly improved the survival rate of immunocompromised mice infected with vancomycin-insensitive
S. aureus
compared with vancomycin and teicoplanin. The pharmacokinetic profiles also reflected the effectiveness of linezolid.
In Vitro Activities of Investigational Triazoles againstFusariumSpecies: Effects of Inoculum Size and Incubation Time on Broth Microdilution Susceptibility Test Results
Authors: Paphitou Niki I. , Ostrosky-Zeichner Luis , Paetznick Victor L. , Rodriguez Jose R. , Chen Enuo , Rex John H.
Published: September 2002

We studied the effects of inoculum size and incubation time on the susceptibility testing results for various antifungal agents against 22Fusariumisolates by the NCCLS microdilution method. Increased inoculum size and extended incubation time resulted in elevated MICs. Posaconazole and voriconazole exhibited promising antifungal activities.
Antimicrobial Properties of Milk: Dependence on Presence of Xanthine Oxidase and Nitrite
Authors: Hancock John T. , Salisbury Vyv , Ovejero-Boglione Maria Cristina , Cherry Robert , Hoare Catherine , Eisenthal Robert , Harrison Roger
Published: September 2002

Human and bovine milk inhibited the metabolic activity of
Escherichia coli
, as shown by luminescence monitoring of constructs expressing the
luxCDABE
genes. Inhibition was dependent on both xanthine oxidase (XO) activity and on the presence of nitrite, implying that XO-generated nitric oxide functions as an antibacterial agent.
Inhibition of Secretion of Interleukin-1α and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha by the Ketolide Antibiotic Telithromycin
Authors: Araujo Fausto G. , Slifer Teri L. , Remington Jack S.
Published: September 2002

The antibiotic telithromycin was examined for its effect on secretion of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes of eight human donors. Secretion of each cytokine was significantly increased by LPS alone, whereas treatment with telithromycin significantly inhibited secretion of IL-1α and TNF-α but not secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. Telithromycin had immunomodulatory effects as a result of alteration of secretion of IL-1α and TNF-α by monocytes.
Effects of Clarithromycin and Amoxicillin on Gastric Emptying in Rats
Authors: Endo Hiromi , Yoshida Hideo , Kohno Yoshiro , Suga Tetsuya
Published: September 2002

The effects of oral administration of clarithromycin (CLR), amoxicillin (AMX), and lansoprazole (LPZ) on gastric emptying in rats were investigated by a glass powder method and a phenol red method. By both test methods, no significant effects on gastric emptying were observed when CLR, AMX, or LPZ was administered alone or when the three drugs were administered concomitantly. The levels of gastrointestinal absorption of [
14
C]CLR and [
14
C]AMX were measured. Four hours after injection of [
14
C]CLR or [
14
C]AMX into the stomach and duodenum loops of rats, 86.63 and 1.27% of the original amount of [
14
C]CLR administered were recovered in the contents of the stomach and duodenum loops, respectively, and 80.01 and 55.88% of the original amount of [
14
C]AMX administered were recovered in the contents of the stomach and duodenum loops, respectively.
MODELING HIGH-RESOLUTION RAIN RATES VIA A DETERMINISTIC FRACTAL-MULTIFRACTAL APPROACH
Authors: OBREGÓN NELSON , PUENTE CARLOS E. , SIVAKUMAR BELLIE
Published: September 2002

Usage of a deterministic fractal-multifractal (FM) procedure to model high-resolution rainfall time series, as derived distributions of multifractal measures via fractal interpolating functions, is reported. Four rainfall storm events having distinct geometries, one gathered in Boston and three others observed in Iowa City, are analyzed. Results show that the FM approach captures the main characteristics of these events, as the fitted storms preserve the records' general trends, their autocorrelations and spectra, and their multifractal character.
TENSION BUCKLING AND VIBRATION BEHAVIOUR OF CURVED PANELS SUBJECTED TO NON-UNIFORM In-PLANE EDGE LOADING
Authors: RAVI KUMAR L. , DATTA P. K. , PRABHAKARA D. L.
Published: September 2002

The buckling and vibration behaviour of curved panels subjected to various in-plane tensile edge loadings are studied using the finite element method. The first order shear deformation theory is used to model the doubly curved panels, considering the effects of transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia. The theory used is extended from the dynamic, shear deformable theory based on the Sander's first approximation for doubly curved shells, which can be reduced to Love's and Donnell's theories by means of tracers. The in-plane non-uniform internal stresses are obtained as the plane elasticity solution with reasonable accuracy, based on which the buckling and vibration results are obtained. The effects of different edge loadings, aspect ratio, thickness ratio, shallowness parameters are considered in the buckling and vibration analysis.
How to generate all integral triangles containing a given angle
Authors: Petulante Nelson , Kaja Ifeoma
Published: September 2002

We present an elementary prescription based on the
rational secant method for generating all the integral triangles containing a given angle of rational cosine. This is a direct generalization
of the ancient problem of finding all the Pythagorean triples. As
an example, we discuss a specific equation studied by Diophantus of
Alexandria, which turns out to be equivalent to the problem of
finding all the integral triangles containing a
60∘ angle. The material developed here is elementary
enough for inclusion in undergraduate courses and advanced high
school courses.
Infinite products over hyperpyramid lattices
Authors: Campbell Geoffrey B.
Published: September 2002

New infinite product identities are given, based on summed
visible (from the origin) point vectors. Each result
is found from summing on vpv lattices dividing space into radial
regions from the origin. Recently, Baake et al. and Mosseri
considered the 2‐D visible lattice points as part of an optical
experiment in which so‐called Optical Fourier Transform was
applied. Many of the techniques exposed by Glasser and Zucker, and
Ninham et al. involving Mellin and Möbius inversions are also
applicable to the current paper.
Thermoelastic waves without energy dissipation in an unbounded body with a spherical cavity
Authors: Chandrasekharaiah D. S. , Srinath K. S.
Published: September 2002

The linear theory of thermoelasticity without energy dissipation
is employed to study waves emanating from the boundary of a
spherical cavity in a homogeneous and isotropic unbounded
thermoelastic body. The waves are supposed to be spherically
symmetric and caused by a constant step in temperature applied to
the stress‐free boundary of the cavity. Small‐time solutions for
the displacement, temperature, and stress fields are obtained by
using the Laplace transform technique. It is found that there
exist two coupled waves, of which one is predominantly elastic and
the other is predominantly thermal, both propagating with finite
speeds but with no exponential attenuation. Exact expressions for
discontinuities in the field functions that occur at the
wavefronts are computed and analysed. The results are compared
with those obtained earlier in the contexts of some other models
of thermoelasticity.
Free minimal resolutions and the Betti numbers of the suspension of an n‐gon
Authors: de Alwis Tilak
Published: September 2002

Consider the general n‐gon with vertices at the points
1, 2, …, n. Then its suspension involves two more vertices, say
at n + 1 and n + 2. Let R be the polynomial ring k[x1, x2, …, xn], where k is any field. Then we can associate an ideal I to our suspension in the Stanley‐Reisner
sense. In this paper, we find a free minimal resolution and the
Betti numbers of the R‐module R/I.
On the extension of positive linear functionals
Authors: Muhamadiev Ergashboy , Diab Adel T.
Published: September 2002

A necessary and sufficient condition to extend a continuous linear
real functionals which is positive with respect to a semi‐group
defined on a subspace of a linear space is discussed in this
paper. The case of a closed subspace of a Banach space is also
discussed.
A note on connectedness in intuitionistic fuzzy special topological spaces
Authors: Özçağ Selma , Çoker Doğan
Published: September 2002

We prove some properties of several
types of connectedness defined in intuitionistic fuzzy special
topological spaces.
Analogues of some fundamental theorems of summability theory
Authors: Patterson Richard F.
Published: September 2002

In 1911, Steinhaus presented the following theorem: if A is a regular matrix then there exists a sequence of 0′s and 1′s which is
not A‐summable. In 1943, R. C. Buck characterized convergent
sequences as follows: a sequence x is convergent if and only if
there exists a regular matrix A which sums every subsequence of
x. In this paper, definitions for “subsequences of a double
sequence” and “Pringsheim limit points” of a double sequence are
introduced. In addition, multidimensional analogues of Steinhaus′
and Buck′s theorems are proved.
A curious property of series involving terms of generalized sequences
Authors: Brugia Odoardo , Filipponi Piero
Published: September 2002

Here we are concerned with series involving generalized Fibonacci
numbers Un  (p, q) and generalized Lucas numbers Vn  (p, q). The aim of this paper is to find triples (p, q, r) for which the series Un  (p, q)/rn and Vn  (p, q)/rn (for r running from 0 to infinity) are unconcerned at the introduction of the
factor n. The results established in this paper generalize the
known fact that the series Fn/2n (Fn the nth Fibonacci number) and the series nFn/2n give the same result, namely −2/5.
Exact solutions of steady plane flows using (r, ψ)‐coordinates
Authors: Labropulu F. , Chandna O. P.
Published: September 2002

We determine exact solutions of steady, plane viscous
incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) aligned and non‐MHD fluid
flows when the polar representation of the streamline patterns for
these flows are of the form (θ − f(r))/g(r) = constant.
Uniform convergence of numerical conformal mappings of interiordomains in the charge simulation method
Authors: Inoue Tetsuo
Published: September 2002

The uniform convergence of the approximations by new numerical
schemes in the charge simulation method, which have been recently
proposed by Inoue (1997), will be studied. The exponential decrease
of the errors will also be shown.
Fixed points, intersection theorems, variational inequalities, and equilibrium theorems
Authors: Park Sehie
Published: September 2002

From a fixed point theorem for compact acyclic maps defined on
admissible convex sets in the sense of Klee, we first deduce
collectively fixed point theorems, intersection theorems for sets
with convex sections, and quasi‐equilibrium theorems. These
quasi‐equilibrium theorems are applied to give simple and unified
proofs of the known variational inequalities of the
Hartman‐Stampacchia‐Browder type. Moreover, from our new fixed
point theorem, we deduce new variational inequalities which can be
used to obtain fixed point results for convex‐valued maps.
Finally, various general economic equilibrium theorems are deduced
in the forms of the Nash type, the Tarafdar type, and the
Yannelis‐Prabhakar type. Our results are stated for
not‐necessarily locally convex topological vector spaces and for
abstract economies with arbitrary number of commodities and
agents. Our new results extend a lot of known works with much
simpler proofs.
Dynamics of a certain sequence of powers
Authors: Sznajder Roman , Basnyat Kanchan
Published: September 2002

For any nonzero complex number z we define a sequence
a1(z) = z, ,…,,
n ∈ ℕ. We attempt to describe the set of
these z for which the sequence
{an(z)} is convergent. While it is almost
impossible to characterize this convergence set in the complex
plane 𝒞, we achieved it for positive reals.
We also discussed some connection to the Euler′s functional
equation.
About some infinite family of 2‐bridge knots and 3‐manifolds
Authors: Kim Yangkok
Published: September 2002

We construct an infinite family of 3‐manifolds and show that these
manifolds have cyclically presented fundamental groups
and are cyclic branched coverings of the 3‐sphere branched over the 2‐bridge knots
(ℓ + 1) 2 or (ℓ + 1) 1, that are the closure
of the rational (2ℓ − 1)/(ℓ − 1)‐tangles or
(2ℓ − 1)/ℓ‐tangles, respectively.
Derivations of certain operator algebras
Authors: Li Jiankui , Pendharkar Hemant
Published: September 2002

Let 𝒩 be a nest and let 𝒜 be a subalgebra of L(H) containing all rank one operators of alg 𝒩. We give several
conditions under which any derivation δ from 𝒜 into L(H) must be inner. The conditions include (1) H− ≠ H,
(2) 0+ ≠ 0, (3) there is a nontrivial projection in 𝒩 which is in 𝒜, and (4) δ is norm continuous. We also give some pplications.
On an inclusion theorem
Authors: Bor Hüseyin
Published: September 2002

We have established a relation between and
summability methods, k > 1, which
generalizes a result of Sunouchi (1949) on |R, pn| and
|R, qn| summability methods.
Abel‐type weighted means transformations into ℓ
Authors: Lemma Mulatu , Tessema George
Published: September 2002

Let for α > −1 and . Suppose Aq = {ank}, where ank = qk/Qn for 0 ≤ k ≤ n and 0 otherwise. Aq is called the Abel‐type weighted mean matrix. The purpose of this
paper is to study these transformations as mappings into ℓ. A necessary and sufficient condition for Aq to be ℓ‐ℓ is proved. Also some other properties of the Aq matrix are investigated.
Unified field—the universal blueprint?
Authors: Bhaumik M. L.
Published: September 2002

The current status of the studies of the origin of the fundamental
particles and the universe is presented. These studies indicate
the unified field to be the source of both the fundamental
particles and the universe itself. Furthermore, as a consequence
of the unique properties of the quantum vacuum, the unified field
is presumed to exist, in a quantum physical sense, everywhere in
the very fabric of spacetime. In an analogy to the
characteristics of the human genome, unified field appears to
have the basic blueprint of at least everything physical in this
universe.
Fantastic filters of lattice implication algebras
Authors: Jun Young Bae
Published: September 2002

The notion of a fantastic filter in a lattice
implication algebra is introduced, and the relations
among filter, positive implicative filter, and fantastic filter are given. We
investigate an equivalent condition for a filter to be fantastic,
and state an extension property for fantastic filter.
On partitions with difference conditions
Authors: Santos José Plínio, O. , Mondek Paulo
Published: September 2002

We present two general theorems having interesting special cases. From one of them we give a new proof for theorems of Gordon using a
bijection and from another we have a new combinatorial
interpretation associated with a theorem of Göllnitz.
The reflection phenomena of SV‐waves in a generalized thermoelastic medium
Authors: Abd-Alla Abo-El-Nour N. , Al-Dawy Amira A. S.
Published: September 2002

We discuss the reflection of thermoelastic plane waves at a solid
half‐space nearby a vacuum. We use the generalized thermoelastic
waves to study the effects of one or two thermal relaxation times
on the reflection plane harmonic waves. The study considered the
thermal and the elastic waves of small amplitudes in a homogeneous,
isotropic, and thermally conducting elastic solid. The expressions
for the reflection coefficients, which are the ratio of the
amplitudes of the reflected waves to the amplitude of the incident
waves are obtained. It has been shown, analytically, that the
elastic waves are modified due to the thermal effect. The
reflection coefficients of a shear wave that incident from within
the solid on its boundary, which depend on the thermoelastic
coupling factor and included the thermal relaxation times, have
been found in the general case. The numerical values of reflection
coefficients against the angle of incidence for different values of
thermal relaxation times have been calculated and the results are
given in the form of graphs. Some special cases of reflection have
also been discussed, for example, in the absence of thermal effect
our results reduce to the ordinary pure elastic case.
Combinatorics of geometrically distributed random variables: new q‐tangent and q‐secant numbers
Authors: Prodinger Helmut
Published: September 2002

Up‐down permutations are counted by tangent (respectively, secant)
numbers. Considering words instead, where the letters are produced
by independent geometric distributions, there are several ways of
introducing this concept; in the limit they all coincide with the
classical version. In this way, we get some new q‐tangent and
q‐secant functions. Some of them also have nice continued
fraction expansions; in one particular case, we could not find a
proof for it. Divisibility results à la Andrews, Foata, Gessel are also discussed.
Determination of conductivity in a heat equation
Authors: Wang Ping , Zheng Kewang
Published: September 2002

We consider the problem of determining the conductivity in a heat
equation from overspecified non‐smooth data. It is an ill‐posed
inverse problem. We apply a regularization approach to define and
construct a stable approximate solution. We also conduct numerical
simulation to demonstrate the accuracy of our approximation.
On the Fekete‐Szegö problem
Authors: Frasin B. A. , Darus Maslina
Published: September 2002

Let f(z) = z + a2z2 + a3z3 + ⋯ be an analytic function in the
open unit disk. A sharp upper bound is obtained for by using the classes of strongly starlike functions of order β and type α when μ ≥ 1.
Singular points and Lie rotated vector fields
Authors: Wang Jie , Chen Chen
Published: September 2002

This paper gives the definition of Lie rotated vector fields in the
plane and the conditions of movement of singular points on Lie
rotated vector fields with variable parameters.
A characterization of Möbius transformations
Authors: Niamsup Piyapong
Published: September 2002

We give a new invariant characteristic property of Möbius
transformations.
A Kähler Einstein structure on the tangent bundle of a space form
Authors: Oproiu Vasile
Published: September 2002

We obtain a Kähler Einstein structure on the tangent bundle of
a Riemannian manifold of constant negative curvature. Moreover, the
holomorphic sectional curvature of this Kähler Einstein
structure is constant. Similar results are obtained for a tube
around zero section in the tangent bundle, in the case of the
Riemannian manifolds of constant positive curvature.
Boundary value problem for r2d2f/dr2 + f = f3 (I): existence and uniqueness
Authors: Wang Chie Bing
Published: September 2002

We study the equation r2d2f/dr2 + f = f3 with the boundary conditions f(1) = 0, f(∞) = 1, and f(r) > 0 for 1 < r < ∞. The existence of the solution is proved using a topological shooting argument. And the uniqueness is proved by a variation method.
Some conditions on Douglas algebras that imply the invariance of the minimal envelope map
Authors: Guillory Carroll
Published: September 2002

We give general conditions on certain families of Douglas algebras that imply that the minimal envelope of the given algebra is the algebra itself. We also prove that the minimal envelope of the intersection of two Douglas algebras is the intersection of their
minimal envelope.
Some algebraic universal semigroup compactifications
Authors: Ebrahimi-Vishki H. R.
Published: September 2002

Universal compactifications of semitopological semigroups with respect to the properties satisfying the varieties of semigroups and groups are studied through two function algebras.
Evolutionary equation of inertial waves in 3‐D multiply connected domain with Dirichlet boundary condition
Authors: Krutitskii Pavel A.
Published: September 2002

We study initial‐boundary value problem for an equation of
composite type in 3‐D multiply connected domain. This equation
governs nonsteady inertial waves in rotating fluids. The solution
of the problem is obtained in the form of dynamic potentials, which
density obeys the uniquely solvable integral equation. Thereby the
existence theorem is proved. Besides, the uniqueness of the
solution is studied. All results hold for interior domains and for
exterior domains with appropriate conditions at infinity.
Structure of weakly periodic rings with potent extended commutators
Authors: Yaqub Adil
Published: September 2002

A well‐known theorem of Jacobson (1964, page 217) asserts that a
ring R with the property that, for each x in R, there exists
an integer n(x) > 1 such that xn(x) = x is necessarily
commutative. This theorem is generalized to the case of a weakly
periodic ring R with a “sufficient” number of potent extended
commutators. A ring R is called weakly periodic if every x in R can be written in the form x = a + b,
where a is nilpotent and b is “potent” in the sense
that bn(b) = b for
some integer n(b) > 1. It is shown that a weakly periodic ring R in which certain extended commutators are potent must have a nil
commutator ideal and, moreover, the set N of nilpotents forms an ideal which, in fact, coincides with the Jacobson radical of R.
Compacity in narrow limit tower spaces
Authors: Florescu Liviu C.
Published: September 2002

We introduce a limit tower structure on the space of all bounded Radon measures on a completely regular space and we extend the Prohorov′s theorem of narrow compactness. In the particular case of Polish spaces, we give a sequential version of this extension.
Pairs of paths and critical points
Authors: Caragiu Florin , Caragiu Ioana
Published: September 2002

Two sufficient conditions are presented, in terms of the values taken by a holomorphic function f(z) on a pair of smooth paths intersecting at a point z0 in its domain, implying that f′(z0) = 0.
Kaplansky′s ternary quadratic form
Authors: Kelley James
Published: September 2002

This paper proves that if N is a nonnegative eligible integer,
coprime to 7, which is not of the form x2 + y2 + 7z2, then N is square‐free. The proof is modelled on that of a similar
theorem by Ono and Soundararajan, in which relations between the
number of representations of an integer np2 by two quadratic
forms in the same genus, the pth coefficient of an L‐function
of a suitable elliptic curve, and the class number formula prove
the theorem for large primes, leaving 3 cases which are easily
numerically verified.
Some discrete Poincaré‐type inequalities
Authors: Cheung Wing-Sum
Published: September 2002

Some discrete analogue of Poincaré‐type integral inequalities
involving many functions of many independent variables are
established. These in turn can serve as generators of further
interesting discrete inequalities.
Quantification of topological concepts using ideals
Authors: Lowen Robert , Windels Bart
Published: September 2002

We introduce certain ideals of real‐valued functions as a natural generalization of filters. We show that these ideals establish a canonical framework for the quantification of topological concepts, such as closedness, adherence, and compactness, in the setting of approach spaces.
Optimization problems for set functions
Authors: Dorosiewicz Slawomir
Published: September 2002

This paper gives the formal definition of a class of optimization problems, that is, problems of finding conditional extrema of given set‐measurable functions. It also formulates the generalization of Lyapunov convexity theorem which is used in the proof of first‐order optimality conditions for the mentioned class of optimization problems.
Some results on coincidence and fixed point theorems for generalized contraction type mappings
Authors: Ganguly D. K. , Bandyopadhyay D.
Published: September 2002

Some coincidence and fixed point theorems are proved for certain generalized contraction type single‐valued and set‐valued compatible mappings.
On Bicheng‐Debnath′s generalizations of Hardy′s integral inequality
Authors: Čižmešija Aleksandra , Pečarić Josip
Published: September 2002

We consider Hardy′s integral inequality and we obtain some new
generalizations of Bicheng‐Debnath′s recent results. We derive two distinguished classes of inequalities covering all admissible choices of parameter k from Hardy′s original relation. Moreover, we prove the constant factors involved in the right‐hand sides of some particular inequalities from both classes to be the best possible, that is, none of them can be replaced with a smaller constant.
On some properties of Banach operators
Authors: Thaheem A. B. , Khan AbdulRahim
Published: September 2002

A mapping α from a normed space X into itself is called a Banach operator if there is a constant k such that 0 ≤ k < 1 and ‖α2(x) − α(x)‖ ≤ k‖α(x) − x‖ for all x ∈ X. In this note we study some properties of Banach operators.
Among other results we show that if α is a linear Banach operator on a normed space X, then N(α − 1) = N((α−1)2), N(α − 1)∩R(α − 1) = (0) and if X is finite dimensional then X = N(α − 1) ⊕ R(α − 1), where N(α − 1) and R(α − 1) denote the null space and the range space of (α − 1), respectively and 1 is the
identity mapping on X. We also obtain some commutativity
results for a pair of bounded linear multiplicative Banach
operators on normed algebras.
Stability in E‐convex programming
Authors: Youness Ebrahim A.
Published: September 2002

We define and analyze two kinds of stability in E‐convex programming problem in which the feasible domain is affected by an operator E. The first kind of this stability is that the set of all operators E that make an optimal set stable while the other kind is that the set of all operators E that make certain side of the feasible domain still active.
Ultralogics and probability models
Authors: Herrmann Robert A.
Published: September 2002

We show how nonstandard consequence operators, ultralogics, can generate the general informational content displayed by probability models. In particular, a probability
model that predicts that a specific single event will occur and those models that predict that a specific distribution of events will occur.

Erratum to “Ultralogics and probability models”dx.doi.org/10.1155/IJMMS/2006/37407
On fuzzy dot subalgebras of BCH‐algebras
Authors: Hong Sung Min , Jun Young Bae , Kim Seon Jeong , Kim Gwang Il
Published: September 2002

We introduce the notion of fuzzy dot subalgebras in BCH‐algebras,
and study its various properties.
Rough Marcinkiewicz integral operators
Authors: Al-Qassem Hussain , Al-Salman Ahmad
Published: September 2002

We study the Marcinkiewicz integral operator , where 𝒫 is a polynomial mapping from ℝn into ℝd and Ω is a homogeneous function of degree zero on ℝn with mean value zero over the unit sphere Sn−1. We prove an Lp boundedness result of M𝒫 for rough Ω.
Higher‐order KdV‐type equations and their stability
Authors: Krishnan E. V. , Khan Q. J. A.
Published: September 2002

We have derived solitary wave solutions of generalized KdV‐type equations of fifth order in terms of certain hyperbolic functions and investigated their stability. It has been found that the introduction of more dispersive effects increases the stability range.
Stationary points for set‐valued mappings on two metric spaces
Authors: Liu Zeqing , Liu Qingtao , Kang Shin Min
Published: September 2002

We give stationary point theorems of set‐valued mappings in
complete and compact metric spaces. The results in this note
generalize a few results due to Fisher.
On the extended Hardy′s inequality
Authors: Ping Yan
Published: September 2002

We generalize a strengthened version of Hardy′s inequality and
give a new simpler proof.
On minimal artinian modules and minimal artinian linear groups
Authors: Kurdachenko Leonid A. , Subbotin Igor Ya.
Published: September 2002

The paper is devoted to the study of some important types of
minimal artinian linear groups. The authors prove that in such classes of groups as hypercentral groups (so also, nilpotent and abelian groups) and FC‐groups, minimal artinian linear groups have precisely the same structure as the corresponding irreducible linear groups.
Effects of diffraction and radiation on a submerged sphere
Authors: Rahman Matiur
Published: September 2002

This paper deals with an investigation of the effects of
diffraction and radiation on a submerged sphere in water of finite
depth d. We assume that the fluid is homogeneous, inviscid, and
incompressible, and the fluid motion is irrotational. In real
situations, the submerged sphere will experience six degrees of
freedom (i.e., motions); three translational and three rotational.
In this paper, however, we consider a very idealized
situation because of the complex nature of the physical problem.
Two important motions, namely, the surge (horizontal oscillations)
and the heave (vertical oscillations) motions are studied. Our
attention is mainly focused on the hydrodynamic coefficients of
these motions. The crux of the problem lies entirely on the
determination of these coefficients which are inherently related
to the determination of the motions of the submerged sphere in
regular waves. This type of problem is usually solved by using
potential theory, and mathematically, we look for the solution of
a velocity potential which satisfies Laplace′s equation along with
the free surface, body surface, and bottom boundary conditions in
conjunction with a radiation condition. This boundary value
problem, in fact, consists of two separate problems: (a)
diffraction problem and (b) radiation problem.