bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of off-grid hybrid renewable energy systems for cost-effective and reliable power supply in Gaita Selassie Ethiopia
Authors: Agajie Elsabet Ferede , Agajie Takele Ferede , Amoussou Isaac , Fopah-Lele Armand , Nsanyuy Wirnkar Basil , Khan Baseem , Bajaj Mohit , Zaitsev Ievgen , Tanyi Emmanuel
Published: May 2024

This paper explores scenarios for powering rural areas in Gaita Selassie with renewable energy plants, aiming to reduce system costs by optimizing component numbers to meet energy demands. Various scenarios, such as combining solar photovoltaic (PV) with pumped hydro-energy storage (PHES), utilizing wind energy with PHES, and integrating a hybrid system of PV, wind, and PHES, have been evaluated based on diverse criteria, encompassing financial aspects and reliability. To achieve the results, meta-heuristics such as the Multiobjective Gray wolf optimization algorithm (MOGWO) and Multiobjective Grasshopper optimization algorithm (MOGOA) were applied using MATLAB software. Moreover, optimal component sizing has been investigated utilizing real-time assessment data and meteorological data from Gaita Sillasie, Ethiopia. Metaheuristic optimization techniques were employed to pinpoint the most favorable loss of power supply probability (LPSP) with the least cost of energy (COE) and total life cycle cost (TLCC) for the hybrid system, all while meeting operational requirements in various scenarios. The Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimization (MOGWO) technique outperformed the Multi-Objective Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (MOGOA) in optimizing the problem, as suggested by the results. Furthermore, based on MOGWO findings, the hybrid solar PV-Wind-PHES system demonstrated the lowest COE (0.126€/kWh) and TLCC (€6,897,300), along with optimal satisfaction of the village's energy demand and LPSP value. In the PV-Wind-PHSS scenario, the TLCC and COE are 38%, 18%, 2%, and 1.5% lower than those for the Wind-PHS and PV-PHSS scenarios at LPSP 0%, according to MOGWO results. Overall, this research contributes valuable insights into the design and implementation of sustainable energy solutions for remote communities, paving the way for enhanced energy access and environmental sustainability.
Micro- and nano-Illite to improve strength of untreated-soil as a nano soil-improvement (NSI) technique
Authors: Cheraghalikhani Mohadeseh , Niroumand Hamed , Balachowski Lech
Published: May 2024

Soil stabilization is a technique of improving the geotechnical properties of soils for various engineering applications. However, conventional stabilizers such as cement and lime have some limitations, such as high cost, environmental impact, and durability issues. Therefore, there is a need for alternative and innovative stabilizers that can overcome these challenges. This study introduces nano-Illite, a type of clay mineral, as a novel and effective soil stabilizer. Nano-Illite can form nano-cementation (NC) in soil, which is a process of enhancing the durability of various building materials. NC is also known as nano soil-improvement (NSI), a technique that has been developed in recent years. Four formulations of micro- and nano-Illite with concentrations of 0, 1, 2, and 3% were separately added to soil samples. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and the secant modulus at 50% of peak stress (E50) of the treated samples were measured and compared with the untreated samples. The results showed that 3% nano-Illite increased the UCS of soil by more than 2.2 times and the E50 by more than 1.5 times after 7 days of curing. Micro-Illite also improved the UCS and E50 of soil, but to a lesser extent. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed the micro- and nano-structures of the soil specimens and the performance of Illite as a nano-additive. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of nano-Illite in soil improvement as a NSI technique, and its potential to replace or reduce the use of conventional stabilizers. This study also contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms and factors that influence the NC process in soil.
Analysis of vertical differentiation of vegetation in Taishan World Heritage site based on cloud model
Authors: Wang Zhe , Han Fang , Li Chuanrong , Shen Weixing , Yang Zhijun , Li Kun , Yao Qi
Published: May 2024

While the forests on Mount Taishan are predominantly man-made, there is a notable vertical variation in vegetation. This study employs the method of cloud model, quantifying uncertainty (fuzziness and randomness) of things. Utilizing digital elevation model (DEM) and vegetation distribution data, we constructed elevation cloud models for Mount Taishan’s deciduous broad-leaved, temperate coniferous, and mixed coniferous-broadleaved forests. Using three numerical features of the cloud model—Expectation (EX), Entropy (EN), and Hyper-entropy (HE)—we quantitatively analyzed the macro regularity and local heterogeneity of Mount Taishan’s forests vertical distribution from the perspective of uncertainty theory. The results indicate: (1) The EX of the core zone elevation of deciduous broad-leaved forest is 716.65 m, temperate coniferous forest is 1053.51 m, and mixed coniferous-broadleaved forest is 1384.09 m. The variation range of the core zone distribution height is smaller in the mixed coniferous-broadleaved forest (EN: 53.74 m) compared to deciduous broad-leaved forest (EN: 99.63 m) and temperate coniferous forest (EN: 121.70 m). (2) The fuzziness and randomness of the distribution height of the lower extension zones of deciduous broad-leaved forest and temperate coniferous forest (EN: 75.15 m, 184.56 m; HE: 24.09 m, 63.54 m) are greater than those of the upper extension zones (EN: 44.75 m, 42.49 m; HE: 14.48 m, 13.23 m). (3) The distribution fuzziness and randomness within temperate coniferous forests exceed those of deciduous broad-leaved forests. Within the core zones, the uncertainty regarding the vertical distribution of vegetation across different aspects remains consistent, which retains the characteristic of man-made forests. However, in transition areas, there is significant disparity, reflecting the adaptive relationship between vegetation and its environment to some extent. In the upper and lower extension zones of deciduous broad-leaved forests, the EX values for the vertical distribution height of mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests differ significantly from those of deciduous broad-leaved forests (the difference is 22.82–39.15 m), yet closely resemble those of temperate coniferous forests (the difference is 4.79–7.94 m). This suggests a trend wherein deciduous broad-leaved tree species exhibit a proclivity to encroach upon coniferous forest habitats. The elevation cloud model of vertical vegetation zones provides a novel perspective and method for the detailed analysis of Mount Taishan’s vegetation vertical differentiation.
Effects of porous structure and oxygen functionalities on electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide on ordered mesoporous carbon
Authors: Albashir Abdalazeez Ismail Mohamed , Lu Xingyu , Dai Xueya , Qi Wei
Published: May 2024

Two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) is a promising alternative to energy-intensive anthraquinone process for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. Metal-free nanocarbon materials have garnered intensive attention as highly prospective electrocatalysts for H2O2 production, and an in-depth understanding of their porous structure and active sites have become a critical scientific challenge. The present research investigates a range of porous carbon catalysts, including non-porous, microporous, and mesoporous structures, to elucidate the impacts of porous structures on 2e− ORR activity. The results highlighted the superiority of mesoporous carbon over other porous materials, demonstrating remarkable H2O2 selectivity. Furthermore, integration of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data analysis with electrochemical assessment results unravels the moderate surface oxygen content is the key to increase 2e− ORR activity. These results not only highlight the intricate interplay between pore structure and oxygen content in determining catalytic selectivity, but also enable the design of carbon catalysts for specific electrochemical reactions.
Breakfast skipping and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Wang Yanqi , Li Fengjuan , Li Xinying , Wu Jun , Chen Xiaojuan , Su Yuhao , Qin Tianhang , Liu Xiaoning , Liang Lei , Ma Jianping , Qin Pei
Published: May 2024

The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to clarify the association between breakfast skipping and mortality outcomes.
BiFeO3 perovskite-based all oxide ambient stable spectrally selective absorber coatings for solar thermal application
Authors: Singh Aryaveer , Prakash Chandra , Sahoo Priyambada , Dixit Ambesh
Published: May 2024

Enhancements in absorbance and thermal stability are essential for solar selective absorber coatings (SSACs) to convert solar energy efficiently into thermal energy.
PoCOsteo: generic novel platform for bone turnover marker measurement & monitoring
Authors: Khashayar Patricia , Lopes Paula , Ragaert Peter , Hoogenboom Richard , Latta Daniel , Gransee Rainer , Lenartowicz Daniel , Biggs Phil , Etxebarria Ikerne , Luegger Barbara , Obermayer-Pietsch Barbara , Dimai Hans Peter , Vanfleteren Jan
Published: May 2024

OsteoLab immunosensors can simultaneously measure two bone turnover markers in a single finger prick sample with high sensitivity, in real time and beyond the clinical reference range. They can be stored at room temperature for more than six months.
Strong cation-exchange combined with mass spectrometry reveals the glycoform heterogeneity of sialylated glycoproteins
Authors: Fan Wenhong , Zhen Long , Zhu Xiang , Zhou Yong
Published: May 2024

Strong cation exchange – mass spectrometry method was optimized for intact analysis of sialylation glycoproteins.
Chemometrics-driven monitoring of cheese ripening: a multimodal spectroscopic and scanning electron microscopy investigation
Authors: Abi-Rizk Hala , Jouan-Rimbaud Bouveresse Delphine , Chamberland Julien , Cordella Christophe B. Y.
Published: May 2024

The integration of spectroscopic techniques with chemometrics offers a means to monitor quality changes in dairy products throughout processing and storage.
Multivalent dendritic DNA aptamer molecules for the enhancement of therapeutic effects
Authors: Kawamoto Yusuke , Wu You , Park Soyoung , Hidaka Kumi , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Takahashi Yuki , Takakura Yoshinobu
Published: May 2024

An efficient synthetic method of multivalent DNA dendrons was developed. Multivalent aptamers synthesized using the new method exhibited enhanced therapeutic effects.
Ligand-free 99mTc-polyurea dendrimer complexes: nanoradiotheranostics targeting ovarian cancer
Authors: Cruz Adriana , Pires Rita F. , Raposinho Paula , Fernandes Célia , Paulo António , Bonifácio Vasco D.B.
Published: May 2024

Folate-targeted polyurea dendrimers are radio-adhesive nanoparticles that enable straightforward radiolabelling with Technetium-99m by a surficial tridentate amine assisted-chelation.
A native mass spectrometry approach to qualitatively elucidate interfacial epitopes of transient protein–protein interactions
Authors: Veale Clinton G. L. , Chakraborty Abir , Mhlanga Richwell , Albericio Fernando , de la Torre Beatriz G. , Edkins Adrienne L. , Clarke David J.
Published: May 2024

Here we demonstrate a new approach in which native mass spectrometry and limited proteolysis is used in concert to rapidly identify interfacial peptides responsible for mediating a transient Protein–Protein Interaction.
Rational design of pH-responsive near-infrared spirocyclic cyanines: the effects of substituents and the external environment
Authors: Sakama Akihiro , Seo Hyemin , Hara Joji , Shindo Yutaka , Ikeda Yuma , Oka Kotaro , Citterio Daniel , Hiruta Yuki
Published: May 2024

Heptamethine cyanine dyes having pH-responsiveness based on spirocyclization were designed. The effects of the nucleophilic moiety, side chains, and external environment on their pH responsiveness were examined.
Carrier mobility and optical properties of a type-II GaSe/ZnS heterostructure as a photocatalyst: a first-principles study
Authors: Ma Yongqiang , Bao Aida , Guo Xin , Wang Jie
Published: May 2024

The structural, electronic and optical properties of a GaSe/ZnS heterostructure were studied by a DFT plane wave first principles calculation method. Its excellent performance showed that it was a potential photocatalytic material for water splitting.
Molecular phosphorescence enhancement by the plasmon field of metal nanoparticles
Authors: Ibrayev Niyazbek Kh. , Valiev Rashid R. , Seliverstova Evgeniya V. , Menshova Evgeniya P. , Nasibullin Rinat T. , Sundholm Dage
Published: May 2024

A theoretical model is proposed that allows the estimation of the quantum yield of phosphorescence of dye molecules in the vicinity of plasmonic nanoparticles.
Effects of catalyst morphology on oxygen defects at Ni–CeO2 interfaces for CO2 methanation
Authors: Bhat Samiha , Sepúlveda-Pagán Miguel , Borrero-Negrón Justin , Meléndez-Gil Jesús E. , Nikolla Eranda , Pagán-Torres Yomaira J.
Published: May 2024

Inverse Ni–CeO2 catalysts contain dispersed reducible CeO2 islands supported on Ni particles that exhibit oxygen defect sites favoring CO2 methanation.
Metal ion transport: unveiling the difference of nanoplastics and microplastics in Chiromantes dehaani glucolipid metabolism
Authors: Han Mingming , Yang Yuanhao , Zhou Zihan , Li Daming , Liang Ji , Zhu Chenxi , Zhu Tian , Liu Yanshan , Jiang Qichen , Lv Weiwei
Published: May 2024

Microplastic pollution has emerged as a prominent concern within the global environmental landscape, given its propensity for substantial accumulation in estuaries, thereby posing threats to both biodiversity and human food security.
Fabrication of Fe3O4 based cellulose acetate mixed matrix membranes for As(iii) removal from wastewater
Authors: Liaquat Sidra , Farrukh Sarah , Ahmad Nasir , Karim Syed Shujaat , Pervaiz Erum , Sultan Ayesha , Ali Subhan
Published: May 2024

Combatting arsenic in waters: unlocking the potential of iron oxide nanoparticles-based membranes for water treatment.
Co-modified Fe2O3–ZrO2 for catalyzing propane and CO2 reaction to propylene
Authors: Wang Yuan , Wan Zhen , Ma Qingxiang , Zhang Jianli , Fan Subing , Gao Xinhua , Zhao Tian-Sheng
Published: May 2024

Moderate Co-promoted reduction of Fe2O3 to active Fe3O4 for high transformation of CO2 (C3H8) to C3H6 through accelerating RWGS.
Defect-rich N doped porous carbon derived from Camellia shells for chlorobenzene adsorption
Authors: Liao Jing , Yin Ke , Chen Xiaodong , Huang Bichun
Published: May 2024

Nitrogen doping formed π-electron-rich defect sites on the porous carbon surface, which were effective adsorption sites for the chlorobenzene. Therefore, its chlorobenzene adsorption performance was highly correlated with surface defects.
Acid–solvent cluster-catalyzed general and regioselective Friedel–Crafts arylation of alcohols
Authors: Fu Wanting , Fu Junkai , Wang Xi , Ding Yuanli , Li Yang , Tian Jing , Zhao Jinbo , Wang Meiyan , Wang Zikun
Published: May 2024

An acid–solvent clusters-catalyzed general and regioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation has been described.
Discovery of novel 1,2,4-triazole tethered β-hydroxy sulfides as bacterial tyrosinase inhibitors: synthesis and biophysical evaluation through in vitro and in silico approaches
Authors: Saeed Sadaf , Saif Muhammad Jawwad , Zahoor Ameer Fawad , Tabassum Hina , Kamal Shagufta , Faisal Shah , Ashraf Rabia , Khan Samreen Gul , Nazeer Usman , Irfan Ali , Bhat Mashooq Ahmad
Published: May 2024

This study reports the bacterial tyrosinase inhibiting potency of a series of novel 1,2,4-triazole-tethered β-hydroxy sulfide scaffolds 11(a–h), synthesized in good yields (69–90%).
Cellulose acetate microwell plates for high-throughput colorimetric assays
Authors: Gomez-Dopazo Gabriela B. , Agosto Nieves Renis J. , Albarracín Rivera Rolando L. , Colon Morera Shaneily M. , Nazario Daniel Rivera , Ramos Idalia , Dmochowski Ivan J. , Lee Daeyeon , Bansal Vibha
Published: May 2024

A green instrument-free approach to (bio)chemical analyses: cellulose acetate-based microwell plates as substitutes to plastic microwell plates.
Vertical spatial denitrification performance and microbial community composition in denitrification biofilters coupled with water electrolysis
Authors: Tang Xinhua , Huang Yu , Tan Shenyu , Yang Heng
Published: May 2024

Vertical spatial denitrification performance, microbial community and key denitrification genes in a biofilter coupled with water electrolysis were studied to explain the mechanisms of heterotrophic–hydrogen autotrophic denitrification.
Green synthesis of polyimide by using an ethanol solvothermal method for aqueous zinc batteries
Authors: Zhao Ya , Yang Chaoqiao , Zhong Hexiang , Li Lin , Hu Jiangliang , Fan Jiaxin
Published: May 2024

Utilizing green solvents and raw materials, U-PIs with different morphologies and improved performance were successfully prepared through a solvothermal method.
Facile synthesis of an acid-responsive cinnamaldehyde-pendant polycarbonate for enhancing the anticancer efficacy of etoposide via glutathione depletion
Authors: Wu Shaojie , Liao Kuofei , Chen Jiamin , Li Feng
Published: May 2024

A facile synthetic method was developed to prepare a biocompatible acid-responsive polycarbonate containing cinnamaldehyde moieties, a potent GSH-depleting agent, for enhancing the anticancer efficacy of etoposide.
Hydrothermal synthesis of Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide modified water hyacinth hydrochar for remediation of wastewater containing mordant brown dye
Authors: Waly Saadia M. , El-Wakil Ahmad M. , Abou El-Maaty Weam M. , Awad Fathi S.
Published: May 2024

A high-performance dye adsorbent of Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide modified water hyacinth hydrochar (MgAl@WH) was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method.
Understanding electrochemically induced olefin complexation: towards electrochemical olefin–paraffin separations
Authors: Akashige Toshihiro , Vemuri Ramraj , Urbina Blanco César A. , Modestino Miguel A.
Published: May 2024

This study explores the effects of electrochemical environment on olefin capture using redox-active nickel dithiolene complexes, contributing towards a better understanding of electrochemical olefin–paraffin separations.
2-Methylfuran from pinewood by molten-salt hydropyrolysis and catalytic hydrogenation of the furfural intermediate
Authors: León Adriana Estrada , Ulloa-Murillo Leidy Marcela , Ghysels Stef , Nowakowski Daniel , Prins Wolter , Ronsse Frederik
Published: May 2024

Sustainable additive fuel production (2-methylfuran) from biomass hydropyrolysis in molten salts and catalytic upgrading from a fresh integrated perspective.
Future perspectives in green hydrogen production by catalyzed sono-photolysis of water
Authors: Domenighini Piergiovanni , Costantino Ferdinando , Gentili Pier Luigi , Donnadio Anna , Nocchetti Morena , Macchioni Alceo , Rossi Federico , Cotana Franco
Published: May 2024

Ultrasound-induced cavitation and dispersed photocatalysts synergistically decompose water into hydrogen, offering higher efficiency. Reasons and future research avenues are explored.
Synthesis of the large pore aluminophosphate STA-1 and its application as a catalyst for the Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime
Authors: González-Camuñas Nuria , Cantín Ángel , Dawson Daniel M. , Lozinska Magdalena M. , Martínez-Triguero Joaquín , Mattock James , Cox Paul A. , Ashbrook Sharon E. , Wright Paul A. , Rey Fernando
Published: May 2024

Microporous AlPO4 STA-1 has been synthesised and studied by NMR crystallography; it is an effective catalyst for the Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime.
Assembling highly efficient X-ray and UV-visible light detectors using a VS2–MoS2 and VS2–WS2 hybrid composite-embedded perovskite layer
Authors: Vikraman Dhanasekaran , Liu Hailiang , Abbas Jaffery Syed Hassan , Hussain Sajjad , Karuppasamy K. , Lee Duhee , Kang Jungwon , Jung Jongwan , Kim Hyun-Seok
Published: May 2024

A facile hydrothermal reaction was employed to form VS2–XS2 hybrid nanosheets. Superior photoresponsivity and X-ray sensitivity were realized by the photodetectors composed of Cs0.1MA0.9PbI3-VS2–WS2.
Copper rhodium nanosheet alloy for electrochemical NO reduction reaction via selective intermediate adsorption
Authors: Zhang Yechuan , Zhang Jiachen , Peng Fang , Yang Huajun , Gu Zhengxiang , Sun Hanjun
Published: May 2024

Electron-rich Rh sites of CuRh NSs enable the selective adsorption of *NH2OH, thus achieving high FE and yield rate of ammonia.
The isomerization effect of a benzothiophene-substituted benzodithiophene-based donor polymer on the blend morphology and photovoltaic performance of all-polymer solar cells
Authors: Lin Jinping , Wan Jiejie , Liu Haifen , Li Zejiang , Chang Shuqi , Fu Guangsheng , Yang Shaopeng , Wang Lixin
Published: May 2024

Two polymers of PBS-DIT and PTPH-DIT were designed and synthesized, and the influence of isomerization on the blend morphology and device performance was investigated.
Recovery of missing samples in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing signals with optimisation using data carriers
Authors: Haglund Anders , Frölind Per‐Olov , Ulander Lars M. H.
Published: May 2024

A method is proposed for reconstructing an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal that contains data gaps, with the aim to improve demodulation. The main objective is to use the method in a passive radar application with missing data samples and to improve target detection. The OFDM signal is assumed to comply with the Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial standard. The proposed recovery method is based on optimisation of a novel objective function, which consists of two parts. The first part is a function of the energy in the out‐of‐band frequencies, whereas the second, and novel part, uses the location of data carriers in the constellation diagram. The method is evaluated using both simulations and real data. The authors show that the proposed method significantly improves the OFDM signal in just a few iteration steps. The proposed method improved the condition number more than a factor ten thousand millions compared to using the least square method on the out‐of‐band frequencies only. The authors also decode the symbols with the Viterbi decoding algorithm and show how the required number of iterations with the proposed algorithm depends on the amount of missing samples and on the Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio in order to achieve a Bit Error Rate of less than one in one hundred thousand millions.
The impact of radiative levitation on mode excitation of main-sequence B-type pulsators
Authors: Rehm Rebecca , Mombarg Joey S. G. , Aerts Conny , Michielsen Mathias , Burssens Siemen , Townsend Richard H. D.
Published: May 2024

Context. Numerical computations of stellar oscillations for models representative of B-type stars predict fewer modes to be excited than observations reveal from modern space-based photometric data. One shortcoming of state-of-the-art evolution models of B-type stars that may cause a lack of excited modes is the absence of microscopic diffusion in most such models.

Aims. We investigate whether the inclusion of microscopic diffusion in stellar models of B-type stars, notably radiative levitation experienced by isotopes, leads to extra mode driving by the opacity mechanism compared to the case of models that do not include microscopic diffusion.

Methods. We consider the case of slowly to moderately rotating stars and use non-rotating equilibrium models, while we account for (uniform) rotation in the computations of the pulsation frequencies. We calculate 1D stellar structure and evolution models with and without microscopic diffusion and examine the effect of radiative levitation on mode excitation, for both low-radial order pressure and gravity modes and for high-radial order gravity modes. As is common practice in asteroseismology, rotation is included in the pulsation computations according to the mode’s frequency regime. For modes having frequencies below twice the rotation frequency, that is, modes in the sub-inertial regime, we adopt the traditional approximation of rotation. For modes in the super-inertial regime with frequency above twice the rotation frequency, rotation is treated perturbatively up to first order in the rotation. We consider macroscopic envelope mixing induced by internal gravity waves to compute the modes and study its effect on the surface abundances.

Results. We find systematically more modes to be excited for the stellar models including microscopic diffusion compared to those without it, in agreement with observational findings of pulsating B-type dwarfs. Furthermore, the models with microscopic diffusion predict that excited modes occur earlier on in the evolution compared to modes without it. In order to maintain realistic surface abundances during the main sequence, we include macroscopic envelope mixing by internal gravity waves. Along with microscopic diffusion, such macroscopic envelope mixing ensures both more excited modes and surface abundances consistent with spectroscopic studies of B-type stars.

Conclusions. While radiative levitation has so far largely been neglected in stellar evolution computations of B-type stars for computational convenience, it impacts mode excitation predictions for stellar models of such stars. We conclude that the process of radiative levitation is able to reduce the discrepancy between predicted and observed excited pulsation modes in B-type stars.
Analysis of the recording of Fibonacci lenses on photopolymers with 3-D diffusion model
Authors: Bravo J. C. , Sirvent-Verdú J. J. , García-Vázquez J. C. , Pérez-Bernabeu A. , Colomina-Martínez J. , Fernández R. , Márquez A. , Gallego S.
Published: May 2024

In this work a three-dimensional diffusion model is used to model photopolymers as a recording media. This model allows us to predict the properties of the Diffractive Optical Elements (DOEs) once we recorded into the photopolymer. This model had never been tested with more complex elements, such as multifocal diffractive lenses, as presented in the following in this work. In addition, the model includes; the estimation of the refractive index modulation, the low-pass filtering effect due to the experimental optical setup, and the evolution of the transverse intensity distribution. In this way, the selection of the appropriate material characteristics depending on the intended DOE application is made possible. Specifically, an acrylamide-based PVA/AA photopolymer is simulated using the proposed model. Moreover, coverplating and index matching systems are considered together to avoid the effects of thickness variation. Furthermore, in order to compare their properties using the proposed model, we focus on Fibonacci lenses (FL), a type of bifocal lenses. This allows us to evaluate the dependence of the focii intensity on the polymerisation rate, the diffusivity parameter, low-pass filtering effect and the use of the index matching system for these lenses. This enables us to know the recording parameters in order to produce this type of multifocal diffractive lenses with higher quality and precision.
Erythema multiforme verursacht durch SARS-CoV-2-Infektion
Authors: Wulf Maria Carola , Schwarz Thomas , Heine Guido
Published: May 2024

Im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie wurden verschiedene kutane Manifestationen der Infektion mit SARS-CoV-2 beschrieben. Erythema multiforme wird häufig durch Virusinfektionen ausgelöst und es konnten mehrere Fälle beschrieben werden, bei denen es im Rahmen einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion zu einem Erythema multiforme vom Major-Typ kam.

Drei Patienten (Tab. 1) entwickelten während oder kurz nach einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion Hautveränderungen, die
klinisch zu einem Erythema multiforme passend waren. Die Histologie bestätigte dies und andere
infektiologische Ursachen wurden mittels Serologie (Tab. 2) ausgeschlossen. Die hier beschriebenen Fälle weisen darauf hin, dass ein Erythema
multiforme, neben bereits bekannten Viren, durch die Infektion mit SARS-CoV-2 ausgelöst werden
kann.
Transarterial microembolization for the management of refractory chronic joint pain in osteoarthritis
Authors: Wilms Lena Marie , Jannusch Kai , Weiss Daniel , Steinfort Nilcolas , Ziayee Farid , Antoch Gerald , Minko Peter
Published: May 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease significantly impacting both patient quality of life and socioeconomics. Traditional treatment options, including pharmacological and surgical interventions, are often limited. Advancements in our understanding of the pathological mechanisms behind OA indicate the involvement of pathological angiogenesis. Transarterial microembolization (TAME), a minimally invasive radiological procedure, may present an innovative therapeutic approach. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge and experiences regarding TAME as a therapeutic modality for alleviating chronic joint pain associated with OA. It explores the role of TAME, focusing on its indications, patient selection, clinical outcomes, and future perspectives. Potential complications and associated risks are systematically addressed, alongside proposed strategies for risk mitigation and effective management.

The presented patient cases originate from our institution, supplemented by a thorough review of relevant literature retrieved from PubMed.

TAME represents a promising therapeutic approach, providing relief from the burden of joint diseases and substantially enhancing patient quality of life. Clinical outcomes emphasize the efficacy and safety of TAME in mitigating pain and improving functional capabilities in patients with chronic joint pain associated with OA. With mounting evidence of its therapeutic benefits and applicability to numerous joint-related pathologies, TAME offers a valuable addition to the arsenal of treatments for these conditions.
Impact of linked color imaging on the proximal adenoma miss rate: a multicenter tandem randomized controlled trial (the COCORICO trial)
Authors: Karsenti David , Perrod Guillaume , Perrot Bastien , Quénéhervé Lucille , Chabrun Edouard , Koch Stéphane , Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Rahmi Gabriel , Velut Guillaume , Moreno-Garcia Maira , Cavicchi Maryan , Dray Xavier
Published: May 2024

Background Missed lesions are common during standard colonoscopy and are correlated with post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer. Contrast-enhanced technologies have recently been developed to improve polyp detection. We aimed to evaluate the impact of linked color imaging (LCI) on the proximal adenoma miss rate in routine colonoscopy.

Methods This national, multicenter, tandem, randomized trial compared the outcomes of colonoscopy with white-light imaging (WLI) versus LCI for polyp detection in the right colon. Two consecutive examinations of the right colon (upstream of the hepatic flexure) were made with WLI and LCI by the same operator. First-pass examination by WLI or LCI was randomized 1:1 after cecal intubation. According to statistical calculations, 10 endoscopy units had to include approximately 700 patients. The primary outcome was proximal adenoma miss rate. Secondary outcomes were the proximal miss rates for sessile serrated lesions (SSL), advanced adenomas, and polyps.

Results 764 patients were included from 1 January 2020 to 22 December 2022, and 686 patients were randomized (345 WLI first vs. 341 LCI first). Both groups were comparable in terms of demographics and indications. The proximal adenoma miss rate was not significantly higher in the WLI-first group (36.7%) vs. the LCI-first group (31.8%) (estimated mean absolute difference: 4.9% [95%CI –5.2% to 15.0%], P = 0.34). There was also no significant difference in miss rates for SSLs, advanced adenomas, and polyps in the proximal colon.

Conclusions In contrast to previous data, this study does not support the benefit of LCI to the proximal adenoma miss rate in routine colonoscopy.
Clinical and Radiological Response Following Single-Session Gamma Knife Radiosurgery in Cavernous Sinus Hemangiomas
Authors: Kalgudi Ananda , Goyal-Honavar Abhijit , Sadashiva Nishanth , MP Kaviyarasan , Nadeem Mohammed , Konar Subhas , Prabhuraj Andiperumal Raj , Vazhayil Vikas , Arimappamagan Arivazhagan , Balukrishnan Jeeva , Natesan Ponnusamy
Published: May 2024

Purpose Cavernous sinus hemangiomas (CSH) represent 2 to 3% of lesions occupying the cavernous sinus. The optimal management strategy for CSH is not established, with microsurgical resection and radiosurgery employed alone or in combination. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for CSH in a cohort of primary and residual CSH.

Methods A retrospective analysis of 33 patients (26 primary and 7 residual CSH) that underwent single-session GKRS between 2012 and 2021 for CSH was performed. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and follow-up data were acquired, and clinicoradiological response following GKRS was assessed.

Results The mean age of the cohort was 43 ± 13.5 years (range, 10–77). There were 9 males (27.3%) and 24 females (72.7%). The median lesion volume was 6.9 cc, ranging from 1.46 to 19.06 cc. The mean dose administered to the tumor margin was 13.50 ± 1.5 Gy (range, 12 to 15 Gy). The median duration of clinical follow-up was 41 months, over which period the mean reduction in tumor volume was 87.6%. Complete response, defined as absence of tumor on follow-up imaging, occurred in 23 patients (69.7%). Twenty-three patients (69.7%) showed clinical improvement following GKRS. There were no radiation-induced complications.

Conclusion CSH have a distinct radiological appearance and a predictable response to radiosurgery. When used primarily in radiologically diagnosed CSH and as adjunctive therapy supplementing a subtotal excision, GKRS produces a high rate of volume reduction with the improvement of neurological function and minimal cranial nerve morbidity. Therefore, GKRS presents a viable alternative to surgery without the morbidity associated with surgical resection.
Endoscopic resection in subepithelial lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract: Experience at a tertiary referral hospital in The Netherlands
Authors: Verloop Cynthia , Hol Lieke , Bruno Marco , Van Driel Lydi , Koch Arjun Dave
Published: May 2024

Background and study aims Histological confirmation of subepithelial lesions (SELs) in the upper gastrointestinal tract remains challenging. Endoscopic resection of SELs is increasingly used for its excellent diagnostic yield and opportunity to do away with continued surveillance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the indications, success rates and complications of different endoscopic resection techniques for SELs at a large, tertiary referral hospital in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Patients and methods Data between October 2013 and December 2021 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Main outcomes were R0-resection rate, en bloc resection rate, recurrence rate, and procedure-related adverse events (AEs) (Clavien-Dindo). Secondary outcomes were procedure time, need for surgical intervention, and clinical impact on patient management.

Results A total of 58 patients were referred for endoscopic resection of upper gastrointestinal SELs. The median diameter of lesions was 20 mm (range 7–100 mm). Median follow-up time was 5 months (range 0.4–75.7). Forty-eight procedures (83%) were completed successfully leading to en bloc resection in 85% and R0-resection in 63%. Procedure-related AEs occurred in six patients (13%). Severe complications (CD grade 3a) were seen in three patients. The local recurrence rate for (pre)malignant diagnosis was 2%. Additional surgical intervention was needed in seven patients (15%). A total of 32 patients (67%) could be discharged from further surveillance after endoscopic resection.

Conclusions Endoscopic resection is a safe and effective treatment for SELs and offers valuable information about undetermined SELs for which repeated sampling attempts have failed to provide adequate tissue for diagnosis.
Rest-fMRI—A Potential Substitute for Task-fMRI?
Authors: Gupta Santosh S. , Sriram Rithika , Mulani Smruti
Published: May 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rest-fMRI) in mapping language areas for preoperative planning, versus standard task-based techniques, which are at times difficult to perform in clinical settings. Our study also aimed to evaluate the overlap between language areas identified through rest-fMRI and the standard task-fMRI, in neurosurgical cases.

Materials and Methods Using a seed-based analysis of rest-fMRI with multiple template seeds, we identified functionally connected language regions in patients undergoing preoperative language mapping. Four language task paradigms (word, verb, picture, and semantics) were evaluated. We quantified the degree of overlap between language areas identified on rest-fMRI and task-fMRI, categorizing the results as more than 50% or less than 50% overlap.

Results Seventy-seven percent of patients demonstrated an overlap exceeding 50% between rest- and task-fMRI maps, with the left Broca's area being the most frequently observed region of overlap. This finding was noted even in cases with lesions in Broca's or Wernicke's areas, highlighting the method's robustness. The verb task showed the best blood-oxygen-level dependent activity and overlap with rest-fMRI, highlighting its reliability. To identify a specific language area, the contralateral seed of the same area most commonly displayed connectivity with the area of interest.

Conclusion Our findings demonstrate the potential of using rest-fMRI in accurately mapping eloquent language areas, in clinical settings The strong concordance observed, especially in the left Broca's area, underscores the reliability of this method. Further research and larger studies are essential to validate these results, potentially establishing the use of routine rest-fMRI, in clinical preoperative workup.
At the Origin of Brain Malformations: Embryology of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System
Authors: Cavallaro Paola , Leotta Michela , La Cognata Daria , Dierna Federica , Fichera Valeria , Vecchio Michele , Polizzi Agata , Praticò Andrea D. , Spatuzza Michela , Castrogiovanni Paola , Musumeci Giuseppe , Rosa Michelino Di , Imbesi Rossella
Published: May 2024

Development of the central nervous system is a time-ordered and multistepped process that begins in the third week of development and continues after birth. Understanding of its normal embryologic development is fundamental to understand how specific malformations develop. This article provides a summary of human brain development and serves as a base to introduce the various malformations presented in this issue.
Bilateral Dolichoarteriopathies of the Internal Carotid Artery: Surgical Treatment and Results
Authors: Dogalbayev Yerbol , Fursov Alexandr , Sultanaliev Tokan , Sagandykov Irlan , Suleimenov Serik , Fursov Roman , Ilbekova Kuralay
Published: May 2024

The approach to surgical treatment of symptomatic bilateral dolichoarteriopathies of the internal carotid artery (DICA) remains an unresolved problem today. The aim of this article is to compare the methods of reconstruction of the stage-by-stage surgical treatment of bilateral DICA, depending on the type of deformity. The study included 30 patients with clinical manifestations of cerebrovascular insufficiency (CVI), who were found to have hemodynamically significant bilateral DICA. The patients underwent stage-by-stage operations on both sides, resulting in a total of 60 reconstructive operations on the carotid arteries. Based on the type of reconstruction, the patients were divided into three groups. All three groups showed positive dynamics with relief of the CVI clinical symptoms (p = 0.01), except for patients with persistent residual effects after strokes. Hemodynamic indices in the ICA also normalized after surgery; the linear velocity of blood flow decreased to 0.842 ± 0.087 m/s (p = 0.01) in the first group, 0.825 ± 0.057 m/s (p = 0.01) in the second group, and 0.805 ± 0.083 m/s (p = 0.01) in the third group. The results of the treatment of bilateral DICA showed that with a correctly selected approach to stage-by-stage surgical treatment, it is possible to achieve restoration of blood flow along the internal carotid artery with regression of general cerebral symptoms.
The influence of rural tourism landscape perception on tourists’ revisit intentions—a case study in Nangou village, China
Authors: Kou Yuxiao , Xue Xiaojie
Published: May 2024

Rural tourism development has an important impact on optimizing the rural industrial structure and stimulating local economic growth. China’s Rural Revitalization Strategy has promoted the development of rural tourism nationwide and emphasized Chinese characteristics in the process of local development. Based on the theoretical analysis of landscape perception, this article uses the external Landscape Perception→Satisfaction→Revisit Intention influence path as a theoretical research framework to construct a structural equation model to analyze the willingness of tourists to revisit rural tourism destinations. We selected Nangou Village, Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province, as a key model village for rural revitalization, and conducted an empirical analysis. The empirical analysis results show that landscape perception has a significant positive impact on satisfaction and revisit intention. Tourist satisfaction has a significant positive impact on revisit intention and plays an intermediary role between landscape perception and revisit intention. The five dimensions of natural ecology, historical culture, leisure recreation, research experience, and integral route under landscape perception are all significantly positively correlated with revisit intention, with historical culture and integral route having the greatest impact on landscape perception. The survey about Nangou Village verifies the relationship between landscape perception, satisfaction, and tourists’ revisit intention. Based on the objective data analysis results, this study puts forward suggestions for optimizing Nangou Village’s tourism landscapes and improving tourists’ willingness to revisit from three aspects: deeply excavating rural historical and cultural resources, shaping the national red culture brand, and creating rural tourism boutique routes. It is hoped that the quantitative research method of landscape perception theory in Nangou Village can also provide a reference and inspiration for similar rural tourism planning.
Electron kinetic effects in back-stimulated Raman scattering bursts driven by broadband laser pulses
Authors: Liu Q. K. , Deng L. , Wang Q. , Zhang X. , Meng F. Q. , Wang Y. P. , Gao Y. Q. , Cai H. B. , Zhu S. P.
Published: May 2024

We examine electron kinetic effects in broadband-laser-driven back-stimulated Raman scattering (BSRS) bursts using particle-in-cell simulations. These bursts occur during the nonlinear stage, causing reflectivity spikes and generating large numbers of hot electrons. Long-duration simulations are performed to observe burst events, and a simplified model is developed to eliminate the interference of the broadband laser’s random intensity fluctuations. Using the simplified model, we isolate and characterize the spectrum of electron plasma waves. The spectrum changes from a sideband structure to a turbulence-like structure during the burst. A significant asymmetry in the spectrum is observed. This asymmetry is amplified and transferred to electron phase space by high-intensity broadband laser pulses, leading to violent vortex-merging and generation of hot electrons. The proportion of hot electrons increases from 6.76% to 14.7% during a single violent burst event. We demonstrate that kinetic effects profoundly influence the BSRS evolution driven by broadband lasers.
Air trap and removal on a pressure driven PDMS-based microfluidic device
Authors: Xu Fan , Ma Liang , Fan Yiqiang
Published: May 2024

With the development of microfluidic technology, microfluidic chips have played a positive role in applications such as cell culture, microfluidic PCR, and nanopore gene sequencing. However, the presence of bubbles interferes with fluid flow and has a significant impact on experimental results. There are many reasons for the generation of bubbles in microfluidic chips, such as pressure changes inside the chip, air vibration inside the chip, and the open chip guiding air into the chip when driving fluid. This study designed and prepared a microfluidic device based on polydimethylsiloxane. First, air was actively introduced into the microfluidic chip, and bubbles were captured through the microfluidic device to simulate the presence of bubbles inside the chip in biological experiments. To remove bubbles trapped in the microfluidic chip, distilled water, distilled water containing surfactants, and mineral oil were pumped into the microfluidic chip. We compared and discussed the bubble removal efficiency under different driving fluids, driving pressures, and open/closed channel configurations. This study helps to understand the mechanism of bubble formation and removal in microfluidic devices, optimize chip structure design and experimental reagent selection, prevent or eliminate bubbles, and reduce the impact of bubbles on experiments.
Compressed neural networks for reduced order modeling
Authors: Zhu Yin , Sun Qiangqiang , Xiao Dandan , Yao Jie , Mao Xuerui
Published: May 2024

Reduced order modeling (ROM) techniques, such as proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), have been widely used to analyze stationary flows. Neural networks such as autoencoders are effective to reduce the dimension of non-stationary flow, but their larger storage requirements compared to POD and DMD compromise the expectations on ROM. The present work aims at compressing the autoencoder model via two distinctively different approaches, i.e., pruning and singular value decomposition (SVD). The developed algorithm is then applied to reconstruct the flow fields of typical stationary (i.e., a laminar cylinder flow and two turbulent channel flows) and non-stationary (i.e., a laminar co-rotating vortex pair) examples. It is shown that pruning and SVD reduce the size of the autoencoder network to 6% and 3% for the two simple laminar cases (or 18% and 13%, 20%, and 10% for the two complex turbulent channel flow cases), respectively, with approximately the same order of accuracy. Therefore, the proposed autoencoders optimized by the network pruning and SVD lead to effective ROM of both stationary and non-stationary flows although they require more iterations to converge than conventional methods.
Giant impurity effect on anomalous Hall effect of Mn3Sn
Authors: Yano Rikizo , Kihara Shunya , Yoneda Masayasu , Vu Huyen Thi Ngoc , Suto Hiroyuki , Katayama Naoyuki , Yamaguchi Takeo , Kuwahara Makoto , Suzuki Michi-To , Saitoh Koh , Kashiwaya Satoshi
Published: May 2024

Mn3Sn is an anomalous Hall effect (AHE) antiferromagnet that exhibits the hysteretic AHE in antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase at room temperature. We report that whisker Mn3Sn crystals grown by the flux method exhibit a non-hysteretic AHE at mid-to-low temperatures when the whisker Mn3Sn is surrounded by a thin layer of ferromagnetic Mn2−xSn. These crystals exhibit a hysteretic AHE above 275 K due to the spin alignment of the inverse triangular lattice, which is similar to other crystals. However, upon cooling the crystal, it exhibits a non-hysteretic AHE with a spiral AFM spin structure at 100–200 K. We concluded that the non-hysteretic AHE is induced at the interface of Mn2−xSn/Mn3Sn. We believe that the scalar-spin chirality in the spiral AFM phase of Mn3Sn, modulated by Mn2−xSn through the magnetic proximity effect, produces the AHE. This discovery opens a new avenue for tailoring the AHE by magnetic layers.