bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Научно-издательская отрасль: тренды 2014 года
Authors: Смарт Пиппа
Published: May 2016

Для редакторов научных журналов очень важно быть в курсе изменений, которые происходят в их профессиональной среде, чтобы иметь возможность поддерживать качество собственной работы и выпускать журналы, соответствующие ведущим международным практикам. За последние два десятилетия в среде журнальных публикаций произошли серьезные перемены. Часто они вызваны как появлением новых технологий, так и усилившейся глобализацией в научных исследованиях и беспокойством о влиянии коммерческих интересов на распространение знаний.  Предпринятые попытки решить проблему увеличивающегося числа исследований с помощью технических решений только добавили свою собственную лепту к валу информации и увеличили потребность в контроле качества. Для поиска наилучшего решения этой задачи проводились эксперименты, в ходе которых менялись традиционные системы контроля качества и системы распространения научного знания, но радость от улучшений часто омрачалась беспокойством относительно возникающих этических проблем. Особенное беспокойство вызывают некоторые новые издатели, которые не придерживаются установившихся практик контроля качества и этических норм.  В потенциально раздробленной системе, однако, возникают совместные проекты, помогающие связать воедино разные элементы издательского ландшафта с целью улучшения качества изданий, доступа к ним и налаживания связей.
Роль библиотек в финансировании и поддержке открытого доступа в организациях. Обзор библиотек открытого доступа
Authors: Лара Кэйт
Published: May 2016

Открытый доступ оказал огромное влияние на мир научных публикаций в последние несколько лет. Несмотря на широкие дискуссии и продолжающиеся споры, влияние этой модели распространения научного знания на существующую издательскую экосистему в полной мере еще не определено. Компания Publishing Communication Group (PCG) находится на пересечении интересов исследователей, библиотекарей и издателей и получает запросы относительно изданий открытого доступа и будущего Open Access от всех заинтересованных сторон. Цель данного исследования заключается в том, чтобы понять, как библиотеки относятся к открытому доступу, какую роль играют в развитии этой бизнес-модели и существует ли для библиотек и издательств возможность упорядочить работу, которая связана с платой за рассмотрение статьи (articleprocessingcharges, APC).
«Архив биологических наук». Первый российский двуязычный журнал первого российского научно-исследовательского института (к 125-летию Института экспериментальной медицины)
Authors: Андрюшкевич Татьяна Владимировна , Мазинг Юрий Андреевич
Published: May 2016

Изложена история создания и издания «Архива биологических наук», первого в российской периодике двуязычного научного журнала. Рассмотрены основные направления редакционной политики за 50 лет его существования, представлены главные редакторы, их заместители и члены редколлегии. Кратко охарактеризована научная тематика публиковавшихся в нем работ.
Отказ от цитат из иноязычной научной литературы и проблема ее фиктивного использования в российских диссертациях
Authors: Авдеева Нина Владимировна , Лобанова Галина Андреевна
Published: May 2016

В статье рассматривается взаимосвязь двух распространенных явлений: передачи в диссертациях информации из иноязычных публикаций без опоры на конкретные их фрагменты и некорректных заимствований из русскоязычных научных работ. Круг возможных причин отказа авторов диссертаций от цитат из иноязычных источников освещается в связи с особенностями использования двух основных стратегий передачи информации: цитирования ("quotation") и пересказа содержания в отдаленной от оригинала словесной форме ("citation"). Описываются наиболее распространенные способы представления в диссертациях фиктивно использованных источников.
Что и как измерять в науке
Authors: Берёзкина Наталья Юрьевна
Published: May 2016

Наукометрические методы в настоящее время активно используются при оценке эффективности деятельности научных коллективов, при распределении грантов и других ресурсов, необходимых для проведения научных исследований, при принятии административных решений в сфере науки и образования.
Не стригите всех под одну гребенку: коэволюция национальных систем оценки и публикаций в социальных науках
Authors: Хикс Диана
Published: May 2016

В последние десятилетия руководство страны стремилось получить максимально подробную отчетность от исследователей, получающих финансирование из государственного бюджета.  В этой ситуации университеты столкнулись с изменением режима финансирования: были введены национальные системы финансирования, основанные на оценке результатов исследований, а также системы финансирования, базой для которых стала оценка производительности научного труда. Университеты во многих странах мира сейчас сталкиваются с измерением и сравнением результатов их научной деятельности. Они оцениваются по единой системе, которая используется для всех областей знаний. Подобные системы созданы для удовлетворения потребностей  самых престижных и самых сильных университетов и традиционно популярных и производительных областей знаний. Все остальные вынуждены адаптироваться, чтобы выполнять требования формального соответствия.
Научные коммуникации в России: реалии и перспективы исследования проблемы
Authors: Сайко Елена Анатольевна
Published: May 2016

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, актуальные для исследования научных коммуникаций в России, выявляются тенденции в развитии современных научных коммуникаций, атрибутивные для информационной культуры и способствующие повышению их роли в международном научном сообществе.
Журнал «Восток (Oriens)»: редакционный цикл в библиометрическую эпоху
Authors: Захаров Антон Олегович
Published: May 2016

Автор представляет в этой статье краткую историю журнала «Восток. Афро-азиатские общества: история и современность», подробно описывает редакционный цикл статьи в журнале, раскрывает особенности процесса планирования номеров, экспертной оценки рукописей и редактирования научных статей.
Открытие новой библиотеки Финансового университета
Authors: Ермилова Диана
Published: May 2016

30 сентября 2015 года состоялось торжественное открытие библиотеки в новом корпусе Финансового университета на Ленинградском проспекте, 51, корп.1. Торжественное мероприятие открыл ректор Финансового университета, профессор М.А. Эскиндаров. Михаил Абдурахманович обратил особое внимание собравшихся на то, что новая библиотека нашего вуза создана по образцу библиотек европейских университетов. Ректор выразил надежду, что библиотека станет местом встреч единомышленников и всегда будет заполнена студентами.
Интервью с главным редактором «Торгово-экономического журнала»
Authors: Панюкова Вероника Васильевна
Published: May 2016

Сегодня существует множество многопрофильных журналов, в которых регулярно публикуются статьи, посвященные торговле. Одновременно единого профильного журнала, в котором были бы представлены статьи, имеющую четкую торговую направленность, отсутствуют.
Международные издательские конференции 2015 года: о чем говорили лидеры индустрии?
Authors: Зельдина Марина Михайловна
Published: May 2016

В обзоре представлена информация о ключевых отраслевых мероприятиях в мировой научно-издательской индустрии: конференция Совета научных редакторов (Council of Science Editors), конференция Cообщества научных издателей (Society for Scholarly Publishing), конференция Ассоциации издателей научных и профессиональных обществ (The Association of Learned&Professional Society Publishers, ALPSP), конференция Ассоциации научных издателей открытого доступа (Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association, OASPA), конференция Мунин (Munin Conference).
Новые финансовые модели и усовершенствованная инфраструктура для финских журналов открытого доступа
Authors: Ирва Юрки , Лилья Йоханна
Published: May 2016

Новый проект, запущенный Федерацией Финских научных обществ и Национальной библиотекой Финляндии направлен на повышение конкурентоспособности финских журналов открытого доступа. Большую часть журналов издают небольшие научные общества, имеющие ограниченные финансовые ресурсы. Проект направлен на изучение новых финансовых моделей для журналов открытого доступа и разработку соответствующей технологической инфраструктуры для них.
Библиотечные интернет-каталоги и пользователь
Authors: Каленов Николай Евгеньевич
Published: May 2016

Показаны особенности проектирования электронных каталогов библиотек, ориентированных на пользователей удаленного доступа. На конкретных примерах показаны недостатки многих существующих электронных каталогов при их использовании удаленными пользователями. Обосновано, что при проектировании интернет-каталогов необходимо отказаться от традиционных «библиотечных» подходов, ориентироваться на неподготовленного пользователя, моделировать его «поведение» при работе с каталогом и стремиться к тому, чтобы каталог выдавал полную и точную информацию, которую пытается найти пользователь. Такой подход продемонстрирован на примере электронных каталогов БЕН РАН.
Круглый стол "Становление студенческой научно-исследовательской и публикационной деятельности" (Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации, 25 ноября 2015 г., Москва)
Authors: Ланин Александр Николаевич , Демин Никита Маркович , Матвеева Ирина Александровна
Published: May 2016

Научно-исследовательская деятельность студентов Финансового университета при Правительстве Российской Федерации – существенная составляющая учебного процесса ВУЗа. Работа профессорско-преподавательского состава университета, направленная на понимание студентами сущности, культуры, методологии научного исследования, его популяризации, начинается с первого курса. Одной из форм такой работы стал Круглый стол «Становление студенческой научно-исследовательской и публикационной деятельности».
A DECISÃO DO SUPERIOR TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA SOBRE ABANDONO AFETIVO E A COLONIZAÇÃO DO MUNDO DA VIDA -- THE SUPERIOR COURT OF JUSTICE DECISION ABOUT EMOTIONAL DISTRESS AND THE LIFEWORLD COLONIZATION
Authors: Barros Nigro Rachel
Published: June 2016

Resumo: Usando como referência alguns conceitos do filósofo alemão Jürgen Habermas, neste artigo busca-se analisar a decisão do Superior Tribunal de Justiça de acatar pedido de indenização por dano moral de abandono afetivo. A partir de uma breve explanação sobre a evolução do conceito de dano moral no Direito Civil brasileiro e de seu reflexo nos Tribunais Superiores, com a decisão pioneira da Ministra Nancy Andrighi, o texto traz à baila um fenômeno mais profundo: o novo papel do Direito nas sociedades plurais contemporâneas. Com base no marco teórico do direito civil-constitucional, aponta-se para uma expansão qualitativa da responsabilidade civil, derrubando barreiras entre o campo da Moral e do Direito e problematizando as tradicionais fronteiras entre a responsabilidade jurídica e a responsabilidade moral. Nesse sentido, propõe-se uma reflexão filosófica sobre a decisão, utilizando-se como referência a noção de “colonização do mundo da vida”, desenvolvida por Jürgen Habermas, a qual também evoluiu na obra do filósofo e que talvez não sirva mais como parâmetro para limitar a expansão da responsabilidade civil extra-contratual – direito de danos – a campos antes imunes à juridificação.Palavras-chave: Jurisprudência. Danos morais. Abandono afetivo. Colonização do mundo da vida. Jürgen Habermas.
ORÇAMENTO PÚBLICO NO BRASIL: HISTÓRIA E PREMÊNCIA DE REFORMA -- PUBLIC BUDGET IN BRAZIL: HISTORY AND URGENT REFORM
Authors: Afonso José Roberto
Published: June 2016

Resumo: O reconhecimento dos direitos fundamentais da cidadania depende em grande parte das aplicações de recursos públicos e isso passa pelo orçamento público. Em que pese historicamente ser essa considerada uma peça para a democracia e a demanda crescente da sociedade moderna por mais transparência nas coisas e contas dos governos, o orçamento (em seu sentido mais amplo) ainda é visto como uma espécie “caixa-preta” - só aberta por especialistas. Por isso, é importante conhecer, ainda que em termos básicos, a história da construção dessa institucionalidade no Brasil, o estado de situação do processo orçamentário e contábil no País e as propostas para uma reforma fiscal abrangente, cada vez mais necessária para se tentar superar a recessão assola a economia brasileira.Palavras-chave:  Orçamento. Administração pública. Finanças públicas. Política fiscal brasileira.
Revista EPTIC Online: produção em EPC e interdisciplinaridade no campo comunicacional (2009-2014) | Eptic Online Journal: production in EPC and interdisciplinarity in the communication field (2009-2014)
Authors: Lopes Ruy Sardinha , Santos Anderson David Gomes dos , Mota Joanne Santos
Published: June 2016

Este artigo faz parte de um projeto que busca mapear os estudos da Economia Política da Comunicação no Brasil. Analisa-se aqui a produção de 2009 a 2014 da Revista EPTIC Online. O periódico desempenha importante papel não só para a consolidação deste subcampo, mas também na luta pelo pensamento crítico comunicacional. Ao nos debruçarmos sobre os últimos seis anos, o artigo analisa avanços no enfoque epistemológico adotado pela Revista, bem como a pertinência dos dossiês especiais publicados, que refletem o intercâmbio com outras Ciências Humanas e Sociais e o crescimento de determinados temas para o âmbito do próprio campo comunicacional.
O Marco Civil da Internet e a Ciência da Informação: uma discussão sobre os softwares livres AtoM e Archivematica | The Internet Civil Rights Framework and Information Science: a discussion of AtoM and Archivematica software
Authors: Jorente Maria José Vicentini , Nakano Natalia , Da Silva Talita Cristina , Batista Lucinéia Da Silva
Published: June 2016

RESUMO O Marco Civil da Internet do Brasil é a primeira legislação do mundo a regular a internet de forma ampla e irrestrita; e respeita os princípios da internet complexa, aberta e sustentável. Define-se assim a problemática deste artigo: de que maneira a Ciência da Informação (CI) se insere no que preconiza o Marco Civil? Este estudo apresenta referencial teórico sobre o que preconiza o Marco Civil, relacionando-o com a CI, e então introduz dois exemplos de software livre que podem contribuir com a sua efetivação. Conclui que a CI não pode ficar alijada das discussões sobre o Marco, e sugere, para estudos futuros, investigações que reflitam sobre o design de ambientes digitais em que estão depositadas informações para acesso, e sua relação com o que reza o Marco Civil da Internet.Palavras-chave: Informação e Tecnologia; Web 2.0; AtoM; Archivematica; Design da Informação.ABSTRACT The Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet is the first legislation in the world to regulate the Internet broadly and non-restrictively; and it respects the principles of complex, sustainable, open Internet. The research problem of this article is: how is Information Science (IS) contemplated in the legal recommendations? This study presents a theoretical framework on what the Civil Rights Framework advocates, relating it to IS, and then presents two examples of open software that can contribute to its operationalization. The study concludes that IS cannot be excluded from the discussions on the Framework and suggests, for further studies, investigations that reflect on the design of digital environments in which information is deposited and its relation to the Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet.Keywords: Information and Technology; Web 2.0; AtoM;Archivematica; Information Design.
Breves considerações sobre a regularização fundiária em Belo Horizonte
Authors: Almeida Reginaldo Magalhães De
Published: June 2016

A regularização do solo urbano é uma temática atual nas questões que envolvem as políticas públicas, estando cada vez mais presente na crítica acadêmica e nas áreas de conhecimento que tratam sobre a cidade. Este artigo analisa pressupostos ligados ao parcelamento do solo urbano e a diferenciação entre loteamento clandestino e irregular. Desenvolve-se um conceito do que seja regularização fundiária, utilizando como estudo de caso, Belo Horizonte. Na conclusão são apontados alguns dos desafios do processo de regularização de maneira que essas ações não acabem alimentando o círculo vicioso da irregularidade e o processo de expulsão da população afetada.
Interdisciplinary Team-Teaching Experience For A Computer And Nuclear Energy Course For Electrical And Computer Engineering Students
Authors: Kim Charles , Jackson Deborah , Keiller Peter
Published: June 2016

A new, interdisciplinary, team-taught course has been designed to educate students in Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) so that they can respond to global and urgent issues concerning computer control systems in nuclear power plants. This paper discusses our experience and assessment of the interdisciplinary computer and nuclear energy course, which was developed and offered primarily to ECE students at Howard University.  A unique team-teaching model utilized with ECE professors and nuclear field experts was applied to teach the two diverse subjects: computer safety and nuclear energy.  The survey result from the first offering of the course showed a very positive response from the majority of the students about the team-teaching method and the knowledge acquired on the two subjects.
The Death Of High Performance Programs: Transferring Knowledge In The New Millennial
Authors: Donohue Mary E.
Published: June 2016

The “Opportunity Gap” and the “Skills Gap” have been the focus of conferences this year. Solutions have been proposed, but none has aligned technology with the cultural capital that exists within an organization to close the gaps. Cultural capital is the accumulation of symbols, language, political knowledge and expertise that senior leaders use to get the job done daily within an organization. Emerging leaders who have not been immersed in this cultural capital, particularly diverse candidates, struggle to identify or find the resources and develop the skills necessary to succeed in an organization. Frequently training dollars are allocated to high-potential candidates who often are able to assimilate these skills quickly, but rarely if ever are they, when at the managerial level, tested on their ability to transfer these skills to others. This inability of high-potential mangers to transfer cultural capital between the different layers of an organization is a real cause of the skills and opportunity gap.In 2012, at a larger retailer in the southern US, we began testing a pilot program for a practical management training in the form of a Licensed Online Open Course (modeled after the MOOC) to determine if managers with access to a structured and disciplined curriculum could have an impact on human capital productivity and increase retention among managers and their followers.  The LOOC and its content were created by the Donohue Mentoring System™ (DMS).We concluded that on-the-job training, using the DMS LOOC delivery and mentoring, fosters cultural capital, increased job motivation and satisfaction, and subsequently increased output (productivity) by 10%. Using a survey comprised of 19 questions, we were also able to determine that trust in superior officers increased by 10% and self-assessed value of work increased by 10%. These increases resulted in a reduced employee churn of 50%. As we carried on pilots in 2013, 2014 and 2015 with other large corporations, not for profit and a government, we were surprised to find that the system delivered the same noteworthy results each time. We found that when managers are presented with a technology solution that allows them to train candidates (mentees) and transfer knowledge to their mentees, leadership magic happens, and people engage with each other. What surprised us the most was that no matter the size of the pilot program, mentees for the most part surpassed their mentors’ knowledge pre-program.
Evaluación del comportamiento mecánico de asfalto natural a partir de muestras a temperatura ambiente provenientes de Caquetá, Colombia
Authors: Moreno-Anselmi Luis Angel , Reyes-Ortiz Óscar Javier , Ruíz-Acero Johana Carolina
Published: June 2016

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el comportamiento mecánico del asfalto natural por medio de la fabricación de muestras a temperatura ambiente. En primera instancia se realizó la caracterización del material con el ensayo de extracción cuantitativa del asfalto y así conocer el contenido de asfalto presente en el material, luego se procedió a fabricar muestras con la asfaltita pura en el compactador giratorio y por último se ejecutó sobre éstas el ensayo de Resistencia a Tracción Indirecta, RTI, en estado seco y en estado húmedo, para así conocer la viabilidad de su uso en vías terciarias, sin tener que someterla a altas temperaturas de fabricación y mezclado. Como resultado principal se evidencia que las probetas fabricadas a temperatura ambiente presentan resistencias muy bajas, por lo cual es necesario probar con la adición de agregados pétreos a la misma temperatura y emulsiones asfálticas.
Modelo de cultura organizacional innovadora en caficultores del departamento del Cesar, Colombia
Authors: Pertuz-Peralta Vanessa , Perez-Orozco Adith Bismarck
Published: June 2016

El objetivo del artículo es proponer un modelo para el desarrollo de una cultura organizacional innovadora en el sector empresarial a partir del análisis de la Asociación de Productores Orgánicos Arhuacos y Campesinos de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Asoprocasines. El presente estudio se desarrolla desde el enfoque cualitativo, mediante la tipología de estudio de caso. Los datos se obtuvieron de la observación directa, mediante una matriz de análisis. El modelo propuesto integra los aspectos determinantes en la generación de una cultura innovadora, considerando la revisión de la literatura al respecto. El modelo contempla cinco pasos que se retroalimentan: articulación de la innovación a la estrategia competitiva, desarrollo de competencias en el personal, retroalimentación con los clientes, planificación y seguimiento de estrategias de innovación y seguimiento a las acciones y estrategias. Adicionalmente, se incluyen dos elementos dinamizadores de este proceso: la adopción de la cultura de cambio y la interacción de la empresa con el ambiente externo. Asimismo, el modelo se apoya en los pasos para la gestión de la innovación planteados por la fundación COTEC en 2004.
Predictors of Nigerian Students` Desire to be an Entrepreneur; Any differences based on Gender?
Authors: KELES Ibrahim
Published: June 2016

The student entrepreneurship issues create the focus of academic studies over the world. Entrepreneurship is an important element of national economic growth, and university business students represent an important feeder pool for a nation’s supply of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurial activities have a positive influence on national development and prosperity (Friedman, 2011; Kirzner, 2009; Acs et al, 2008). As attitudes, beliefs and motives have important implications for career choice and behavior, the motives of entrepreneurs are important yet little empirical research exists that identifies elements that predict the desire to become an entrepreneur. Such research would have vast implications for policy makers that hope to encourage and incentivize entrepreneurship on a national level. The purpose of this study is to identify and contrast predictors of Nigerian students’ desire to be entrepreneurs by using Entrepreneurial Motives Questionnaire (Friedman et al, 2012). Firstly a literature review pertaining to entrepreneur motives, and then hypotheses, results, and study implications were stated by taking gender into consideration.
Spreminjanje delovnih nalog slovenskih organizacijskih psihologov skozi čas
Authors: Boštjančič Eva , Laimiš Aina
Published: May 2016

Področje psihologije dela in organizacije se, kot vsa znanstvena področja, nenehno razvija, in sicer na podlagi raziskovalnega dela in njegovih rezultatov, zaradi različnih situacijskih dejavnikov ter trendov in potreb, ki prihajajo iz organizacijskega okolja. Namen raziskave je bil primerjati delovne naloge psihologa, zaposlenega na področju dela in organizacije, nekoč in danes. Rezultate smo primerjali s podobnimi že objavljenimi slovenskimi in tujimi raziskavami. Rezultati naše študije kažejo, da je danes delo psihologov v organizacijah bolj raznoliko in bolj usmerjeno k individualnim oblikam dela (npr. psihološko merjenje, svetovanje, motiviranje) kot nekoč. Pogosteje delajo v mednarodnem okolju ter neposredno z zaposlenimi in vodji. Udeleženci so podali tudi priporočila psihologom, ki delajo oziroma želijo delati na področju psihologije dela in organizacije.
Green's relations in Partial \(\Gamma\)-Semirings
Authors: Mala M. Siva , Prasad K. Siva , Rao P. V. Srinivasa
Published: May 2016

A \(\Gamma\)-so-ring is a structure possessing a natural partial ordering, an infinitary partial addition and a ternary multiplication, subject to a set of axioms. The partial functions under disjoint-domain sums and functional composition is a \(\Gamma\)-so-ring. In this paper we introduce the notions of dense and annihilator ideals of \(\Gamma\)-so-rings and obtain the Green's relations in Partial \(\Gamma\) semirings.
Permuting tri-derivations in prime and semi-prime rings
Authors: Durna H. , OĞUZ S.
Published: May 2016

Let \(R\) be a ring and \(U\neq0\) be a square closed Lie ideal of \(R\). A tri-additive permuting map \(D:R\times R\times R\rightarrow R\) is called permuting tri-derivation if, for any \(y,z\in R\), the map \(x\mapsto D(x,y,z)\) is a derivation. A mapping \(d:R\rightarrow R\) defined by \(d(x)=D(x,x,x)\) is called the trace of \(D\). In the present paper, we show that \(U\subseteq Z\) such that \(R\) is a prime and semi-prime ring admitting the trace $d$ satisfying the several conditions of permuting tri-derivation.
Group of closure isomorphisms of Cech closure spaces
Authors: T. Kavitha , P. Sini , T. Ramachandran P.
Published: June 2016

Here we discuss some results on the group of all closure isomorphisms of a \u{C}ech closure space. A subgroup \(H\) of the symmetric group \(S(X)\) is \(c\) representable on $X$ if there exists a closure operator \(V\) on $X$ such that the group of closure isomorphisms of the closure space \((X,\ V)\) is \(H\). In this paper, we prove a non trivial normal subgroup of the symmetric group \(S(X)\) is \(c\)-representable on \(X\) if and only if the cardinality of \(X\) is three.
Casa aristocrática de lavradores: o topos do de re rustica nas epístolas em verso de Sá de Miranda
Authors: Shibata Ricardo Hiroyuki
Published: June 2016

Este artigo procura investigar algumas coordenadas epocais presentes nas epístolas em verso de Francisco de Sá de Miranda (1481–1558). É possível afirmar que a argumentação principal de Sá de Miranda reside na defesa de um “tempo da memória”, que deve ser preservado, em oposição estratégica às vicissitudes da expansão marítima portuguesa e do tempo presente. Isso se faz a partir da mobilização da doutrina da “economia” (oeconomia), da “casa” (oikos) e de matéria correlata, cuja vitalidade foi reativada pelo Renascimento, com tradução literária nos lugares-comuns do de re rustica (assunto de agricultura e de camponeses). Dos tempos clássicos até a Idade Moderna, todo esse conjunto normativo não tratava somente das questões de administração da família e da conservação do patrimônio, mas também da agricultura e das relações de amizade.
Perception, Participation, and Effect of Nuclear Emergency Response Drills
Authors: Matsumoto Michimasa ,   International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University 6-6-11-901-2 Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
Published: June 2016

This study aims to make public the findings on the following questions regarding nuclear emergency response drills from the perspective of engaged residential organizations in local communities: What kind of local knowledge did the nuclear emergency response drills formulate among residents? What types of evacuation behaviors did the residents adopt based on such local knowledge? What kinds of difficulties did the residents experience when they actually evacuated?
Study on Risk Reduction of Electric Power Supply Restriction by Reinforcement of Interconnection Lines Between Areas for the Nankai Trough Earthquake
Authors: Torayashiki Tetsuya ,   International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki, Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan, Maruya Hiroaki
Published: June 2016

Estimating electric power supply restrictions after the Nankai Trough earthquake and evaluating the need for reinforcing the capacity of lines interconnecting power supply areas, we found that capacity reinforcement of the Chubu-Kansai interconnection line used an electricity supply capability in the 60 Hz area of the western part of Japan after the disaster. We also found that this is effective in reducing risk in electric power supply restrictions, based on certain conditions. We also found by estimating construction and maintenance costs that the capacity reinforcement of the Chubu-Kansai interconnection line reduces risk and costs less than an east-west interconnection line.
A study of the relationship between wetland vegetation communities and water regimes using a combined remote sensing and hydraulic modeling approach
Authors: Zhiqiang Tan , Qi Zhang , Mengfan Li , Yunliang Li , Xiuli Xu , Jiahu Jiang
Published: May 2016

Hydrologic condition is a major driving force for wetland ecosystems. The influence of water regimes on vegetation distribution is of growing interest as wetlands are increasingly disturbed by climate change and intensive human activities. However, at large spatial scales, the linkage between water regimes and vegetation distribution remains poorly understood. In this study, vegetation communities in Poyang Lake wetland were classified from remote sensing imagery. Water regimes characterized by inundation duration (IDU), inundation depth (IDE), and inundation frequency were simulated using physics-based hydraulic models and were then linked with vegetation communities by a Gaussian regression model. The results showed that the Carex community was found to favor more hydrologic environments with longer IDU and deeper IDE in comparison to the Phragmites community. In addition, we found that the Carex community could survive in a relatively wider variety of hydrological conditions than the Phragmites community. For the typical sub-wetlands of the Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve (PLNNR), only the influence of IDU on the distribution of vegetation communities was significant. Outcomes of this research extend our knowledge of the dependence of wetland vegetation on hydrological conditions at larger spatial scales. The results provide practical information for ecosystem management.
Variability of annual peak flows in the Beijiang River Basin, South China, and possible underlying causes
Authors: Wu Xushu , Wang Zhaoli , Zhou Xiaowen , Zeng Zhaoyang , Lai Chengguang , Chen Xiaohong
Published: May 2016

Peak flows are the most important flood parameter which relatively reflects the highest level and potential destructive power of a flood. Understanding peak flow changes can effectively capture a flood characteristic and is essential for developing flood control strategies. This study aims to reveal how regional peak flows evolved in recent decades, mainly from a non-linear perspective. The Beijiang River Basin (BRB) was chosen for the analysis, and hydrological data from four hydrologic stations were used. Methods including ensemble empirical mode decomposition and rescaled range analysis were applied to advance the research. Results indicate a non-significant uptrend and a multiple periodicity of peak flows in BRB. However, short periods were more distinct than long ones. In the future, peak flows may continue to increase over time. Such changes in peak flows are possibly due to local reservoir operations and the changing South Asian Summer Monsoon (SASM). The research suggests an increasing flood risk and recommends more regional flood adaptations to avoid flood losses for BRB. Synchronously, it provides a reference for studies regarding periodicity and the future trend of peak flows in other regions.
Assessing the impact of property size on residential water use for selected neighbourhoods in Lilongwe, Malawi
Authors: Makwiza Chikondi , Jacobs Heinz Erasmus
Published: June 2016

Malawi has one of the highest urbanisation rates in Africa, with an urban housing approach that favours large residential plot sizes. The impact of plot size on residential water use was evaluated by examining water use records, obtained for the period between January 2009 and December 2014, for formal residential properties in the city of Lilongwe. Water use increased with plot size in line with other reported research, but the dataset contained a considerable proportion of large plots, which were also associated with higher residential water use than presented in similar studies. The findings of this study point to the need for collaboration between water managers and urban planners to promote increased access of urban water supplies by appropriately managing future residential plot sizes.
Green walls for greywater treatment and recycling in dense urban areas: a case-study in Pune
Authors: Masi F. , Bresciani R. , Rizzo A. , Edathoot A. , Patwardhan N. , Panse D. , Langergraber G.
Published: June 2016

This paper describes a pilot installation of a green wall treating greywater from an office building in Pune, Maharashtra State (NaWaTech project). The pilot installation is located at the main entrance of the state agency responsible for water supply and sanitation. The experimental analysis is in two phases. First phase analysed the results from green walls filled only with LECA® (lightweight expanded clay aggregate). Since results from the first phase were not satisfactory, a second phase was developed. In the second phase, LECA plus sand and LECA plus coconut fibres were tested as porous media in order to increase residence times and consequently green wall treatment performance. The expected improvements in treatment efficiency have been confirmed by the wider range of observed removal rates between Phase I (chemical oxygen demand, COD, 16–20%) and Phase II (i.e. COD removal in the order of 14–86% and 7–80% for LECA-coconut and LECA-sand, respectively), denoting higher treatment potentialities for the new configurations. The obtained effluent quality was fulfilling the Indian law specifications for reuse in irrigation for all the analysed samples, while only the last samples collected during Phase II were showing an appropriate quality for reuse by flushing toilets.
Assessing the promotion of urine-diverting dry toilets through school-based demonstration facilities in Kalisizo, Uganda
Authors: Trimmer John T. , Nakyanjo Neema , Ssekubugu Robert , Sklar Marc , Mihelcic James R. , Ergas Sarina J.
Published: June 2016

Urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDTs) are designed to recover nutrients and organic matter from human excreta for agricultural reuse. Their wider implementation could help address problems in areas where water scarcity limits coverage of sanitation systems and declining soil fertility jeopardizes nutritional security. Demonstration facilities can improve stakeholders’ views of UDDTs; however, it is uncertain whether these facilities should be located at households or institutions. Using a novel methodological approach that included qualitative data collection before and after introduction of demonstration UDDTs and quantitative monitoring of treatment conditions, this study evaluated changes in local attitudes and knowledge resulting from a UDDT promotion strategy at two primary schools in Uganda. Before introduction, students had little knowledge of UDDT facilities, while most attitude-related statements conveyed negative viewpoints and skepticism. After introduction and six months of operation, students exhibited increased knowledge, and 68% of attitude-related statements conveyed positive opinions that focused on the UDDTs’ long-term economic value and their role in creating a more hygienic school environment. These changes were seen in facility users and in other students at the schools who were non-users. In the future, with these improved perceptions, students could become compelling representatives for UDDTs within their communities, potentially increasing adoption.
Removal of indigo carmine and green bezanyl-F2B from water using calcined and uncalcined Zn/Al + Fe layered double hydroxide
Authors: Bessaha Hassiba , Bouraada Mohamed , Deménorval Louis Charles
Published: May 2016

Layered double hydroxide Zn/(Al + Fe) with a molar ratio of 3:(0.85 + 0.15), designated as ZAF-HT, was synthetized by co-precipitation. Its calcined product CZAF was obtained by heat treatment of ZAF-HT at 500°C. The calcined and uncalcined materials were used to remove the acid dyes indigo carmine (IC) and green bezanyl-F2B (F2B) from water in batch mode. The synthetized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis. The sorption kinetic data fitted a pseudo-second-order model. The adsorbed amounts of the calcined material were much larger than ZAF-HT. The maximum adsorption capacity of CZAF was found to be 617.3 mg g−1 for IC and 1,501.4 mg g−1 for F2B. The isotherms showed that the removal of IC and F2B by ZAF-HT and CZAF could be described by a Langmuir model. The thermodynamic parameters were also calculated. The negative values of standard free energy ΔG° indicate the spontaneity of sorption process. The reuse of CZAF was studied for both dyes and the calcined material showed a good stability for four thermal cycles.
Characteristics and kinetics simulation of controlled-release KMnO4 for phenol remediation
Authors: Xiong Houfeng , Huo Mingxin , Zhou Dandan , Dong Shuangshi , Zou Donglei
Published: May 2016

Controlled-release KMnO4 (CRP) technology has been recently developed as an improved, highly efficient technique in wastewater treatment. In this study, batch-style experiments were conducted to evaluate this technology. The release characteristics of CRP in distilled water and the reaction between CRP and phenol were studied and fitted using MATLAB software. Results indicated that in distilled water, temperature (T) and pH value had a larger effect than dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on the release characteristics of KMnO4, and this relationship can be accurately described by the following kinetic equation: logQ = log[1.141T0.152(pH)−1.0536(DO)0.4674] + [0.0048T0.3756(pH)1.8854(DO)−0.0509]logt. KMnO4 released from CRP can effectively degrade phenol-contaminated water with different concentrations. A simulated equation (r = −dCA/dt = −15.1705 CA0.6840CP−0.1406) characterizing phenol degradation was developed using MATLAB software. Comparison between the theoretical phenol removal rates deduced by the above two equations and the initial phenol concentration as well as the CRP dosage with the experimental data indicates that the differences between them were less than 20%. The results indicate phenol can be effectively removed by CRP and smaller dosage of KMnO4 was required compared with literature values. The models can provide guidance for CRP application in real polluted sites, which can lower the cost for site remediation.
A novel PSB-EDI system for high ammonia wastewater treatment, biomass production and nitrogen resource recovery: PSB system
Authors: Wang Hangyao , Zhou Qin , Zhang Guangming , Yan Guokai , Lu Haifeng , Sun Liyan
Published: May 2016

A novel process coupling photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) with electrodeionization (EDI) treatment was proposed to treat high ammonia wastewater and recover bio-resources and nitrogen. The first stage (PSB treatment) was used to degrade organic pollutants and accumulate biomass, while the second stage (EDI) was for nitrogen removal and recovery. The first stage was the focus in this study. The results showed that using PSB to transform organic pollutants in wastewater into biomass was practical. PSB could acclimatize to wastewater with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 2,300 mg/L and an ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) concentration of 288–4,600 mg/L. The suitable pH was 6.0–9.0, the average COD removal reached 80%, and the biomass increased by an average of 9.16 times. The wastewater COD removal was independent of the NH4+-N concentration. Moreover, the PSB functioned effectively when the inoculum size was only 10 mg/L. The PSB-treated wastewater was then further handled in an EDI system. More than 90% of the NH4+-N was removed from the wastewater and condensed in the concentrate, which could be used to produce nitrogen fertilizer. In the whole system, the average NH4+-N removal was 94%, and the average NH4+-N condensing ratio was 10.0.
The Research of Procyanidins Extracting and Membrane Concentration Efficiency Based on Ultrasonic -Assisted Filtration
Authors: Zhang Rongbiao , Ning Dongmin , Qiu Liang , Qian Yang , Ren Zuowei
Published: June 2016

In order to improve the traditional methods of procyanidins extracting, ultrasonic-assisted filtration was used in the process of extracting proan-thocyanidin which was from membrane concentration of grape seed. Through the mechanism analysis of ultrasonic-assisted ultrafiltration, ultrasonic is able to alleviate the phenomenon of concentration polari-zation, so the efficiency of extracting proanthocyanidins was improved. Based on the phenomenon that ultrasonic enhanced membrane concentration of procyanidins extracting, BP neural network was used to construct the ultrasonic-assisted filtration membrane-flux model, and the genetic algorithm was used to optimize the parameters of ultrasonic-assisted filtration. The research results show that the optimal process parameters of ultrasonic-assisted are ultrasonic power 240W, number of vibrator 6, angle of vibrator 40°and ultrasonic time 9 min. Itrafiltration flux increased by 42% under the above conditions.
Shielded coupled multilayered microstrip lines analysis using HBEM
Authors: Peric Mirjana , Ilic Sasa , Aleksic Slavoljub
Published: June 2016

Shielded symmetrical coupled multilayered microstrip lines analysis have been
done using the hybrid boundary element method (HBEM), which is developed a
few years ago at the Faculty of Electronic Engineering in Nis. The quasi-TEM
approximation is applied. Influences of different parameters as well as
dimensions of such microstrip lines on characteristic parameters distribution
are investigated. The results are presented in graphs and tables. In order to
verify the obtained results, some comparative results are shown. The authors
found them to be in very good agreement with the HBEM results.
A comparison of minimally invasive posterior cervical decompression and open anterior cervical decompression and instrumented fusion in the surgical management of degenerative cervical myelopathy
Authors: Abbas Syed F. , Spurgas Morgan P. , Szewczyk Benjamin S. , Yim Benjamin , Ata Ashar , German John W.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE

Minimally invasive posterior cervical decompression (miPCD) has been described in several case series with promising preliminary results. The object of the current study was to compare the clinical outcomes between patients undergoing miPCD with anterior cervical discectomy and instrumented fusion (ACDFi).

METHODS

A retrospective study of 74 patients undergoing surgery (45 using miPCD and 29 using ACDFi) for myelopathy was performed. Outcomes were categorized into short-term, intermediate, and long-term follow-up, corresponding to averages of 1.7, 7.7, and 30.9 months, respectively. Mean scores for the Neck Disability Index (NDI), neck visual analog scale (VAS) score, SF-12 Physical Component Summary (PCS), and SF-12 Mental Component Summary (MCS) were compared for each follow-up period. The percentage of patients meeting substantial clinical benefit (SCB) was also compared for each outcome measure.

RESULTS

Baseline patient characteristics were well-matched, with the exception that patients undergoing miPCD were older (mean age 57.6 ± 10.0 years [miPCD] vs 51.1 ± 9.2 years [ACDFi]; p = 0.006) and underwent surgery at more levels (mean 2.8 ± 0.9 levels [miPCD] vs 1.5 ± 0.7 levels [ACDFi]; p < 0.0001) while the ACDFi patients reported higher preoperative neck VAS scores (mean 3.8 ± 3.0 [miPCD] vs 5.4 ± 2.6 [ACDFi]; p = 0.047). The mean PCS, NDI, neck VAS, and MCS scores were not significantly different with the exception of the MCS score at the short-term follow-up period (mean 46.8 ± 10.6 [miPCD] vs 41.3 ± 10.7 [ACDFi]; p = 0.033). The percentage of patients reporting SCB based on thresholds derived for PCS, NDI, neck VAS, and MCS scores were not significantly different, with the exception of the PCS score at the intermediate follow-up period (52% [miPCD] vs 80% [ACDFi]; p = 0.011).

CONCLUSIONS

The current report suggests that the optimal surgical strategy in patients requiring dorsal surgery may be enhanced by the adoption of a minimally invasive surgical approach that appears to result in similar clinical outcomes when compared with a well-accepted strategy of ventral decompression and instrumented fusion. The current results suggest that future comparative effectiveness studies are warranted as the miPCD technique avoids instrumented fusion.
Risk of spinal cord injury in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy and ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament: a national cohort study
Authors: Chen Li-Fu , Tu Tsung-Hsi , Chen Yu-Chun , Wu Jau-Ching , Chang Peng-Yuan , Liu Laura , Huang Wen-Cheng , Lo Su-Shun , Cheng Henrich
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to estimate the risk of spinal cord injury (SCI) in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) with and without ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Also, the study compared the incidence rates of SCI in patients who were managed surgically and conservatively.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study covering 15 years analyzed the incidence of SCI in patients with CSM. All patients, identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database, were hospitalized with the diagnosis of CSM and followed up during the study period. These patients with CSM were categorized into 4 groups according to whether they had OPLL or not and whether they received surgery or not: 1) surgically managed CSM without OPLL; 2) conservatively managed CSM without OPLL; 3) surgically managed CSM with OPLL; and 4) conservatively managed CSM with OPLL. The incidence rates of subsequent SCI in each group during follow-up were then compared. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to compare the risk of SCI between the groups.

RESULTS

Between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2013, there were 17,258 patients with CSM who were followed up for 89,003.78 person-years. The overall incidence of SCI in these patients with CSM was 2.022 per 1000 person-years. Patients who had CSM with OPLL and were conservatively managed had the highest incidence of SCI, at 4.11 per 1000 person-years. Patients who had CSM with OPLL and were surgically managed had a lower incidence of SCI, at 3.69 per 1000 person-years. Patients who had CSM without OPLL and were conservatively managed had an even lower incidence of SCI, at 2.41 per 1000 person-years. Patients who had CSM without OPLL and were surgically managed had the lowest incidence of SCI, at 1.31 per 1000 person-years. The Cox regression model demonstrated that SCIs are significantly more likely to happen in male patients and in those with OPLL (HR 2.00 and 2.24, p < 0.001 and p = 0.007, respectively). Surgery could significantly lower the risk for approximately 50% of patients (HR 0.52, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with CSM had an overall incidence rate of SCI at approximately 0.2% per year. Male sex, the coexistence of OPLL, and conservative management are twice as likely to be associated with subsequent SCI. Surgery is therefore suggested for male patients with CSM who also have OPLL.