bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Appetitive and Metabolic Responses to an Exercise versus Dietary Intervention in Adults with Obesity
Authors: Purcell Sarah A. , Legget Kristina T. , Halliday Tanya M. , Pan Zhaoxing , Creasy Seth A. , Blankenship Jennifer M. , Hild Allison , Tregellas Jason R. , Melanson Edward L. , Cornier Marc-Andre
Published: October 2022

Introduction/Purpose

Dietary restriction (DIET) and aerobic exercise (AEX) interventions may affect energy balance differently. Our aim was to describe the effects of weight loss interventions via DIET or AEX on measures of energy balance.

Methods

Adults with overweight or obesity were randomized to 12 wk of DIET or AEX with similar calorie deficit goals. A study day was conducted before and after the intervention to assess subjective and hormonal (ghrelin, peptide-YY, glucagon-like peptide-1) appetite responses to a control meal, ad libitum energy intake (EI) at a single meal, and over 3 d of free-living conditions and eating behavior traits. Resting metabolic rate was measured with indirect calorimetry and adjusted for body composition measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Nonexercise activity was measured using accelerometers.

Results

Forty-four individuals were included (age, 37 ± 9 yr; body mass index, 30.6 ± 3.1 kg·m−2). Both interventions resulted in weight and fat mass loss. The DIET group lost fat-free mass, although differences between groups were not significant (DIET = −1.2 ± 1.7 kg, P < 0.001; AEX = 0.4 ± 1.5 kg, P = 0.186; P = 0.095 interaction). There were no differences in resting metabolic rate after body composition adjustment. Both interventions were associated with an increase in dietary restraint (DIET = 4.9 ± 1.2; AEX = 2.8 ± 0.7; P < 0.001 in both groups). Hunger decreased with DIET (−1.4 ± 0.5, P = 0.003), and disinhibition decreased with AEX (−1.5 ± 0.5, P < 0.001), although these changes were not different between groups (i.e., no group–time interaction). No other differences in appetite, EI, or nonexercise physical activity were observed within or between groups.

Conclusions

AEX did not result in compensatory alterations in appetite, ad libitum EI, or physical activity, despite assumed increased energy expenditure. Modest evidence also suggested that disinhibition and hunger may be differentially affected by weight loss modality.
Identity development as a learning outcome: a case study
Authors: Orfanidou Charikleia , Kedraka Katerina
Published: October 2022

Learning outcomes and their wider impact on people's lives are underexplored among other aspects of learning. Considering lifelong learning as a concept that occur throughout life and is related to identity development, we investigated how lifelong learners perceive its impact in their lives.  In the current paper we present a case study of changes in identity’s elements as learning outcomes. As a part of a broader biographical research, the narrative of Eva’s learning experiences allowed researchers to investigate identity as the form that is transformed when transformative learning occurs and how relative theory can be applied in learning outcomes research. The learning experiences gradually developed Eva's lifelong learning identity, which had a significant influence on the development and transformation of her other identities as well. We discuss also learning identity as an element of Eva’ s core identity that helped her cope with difficulties by changing her learning choices to fulfill her personal development targets.
Case Report: Vertebro-vertebral arteriovenous fistula showing symptoms mimicking ALS: Diagnostic imaging supports accurate differentiation between ALS and mimicking conditions
Authors: Kirikae Hinako , Harada Ryuhei , Hosaka Tatsuhiko , Misu Tatsuro , Ando Daisuke , Warita Hitoshi , Endo Toshiki , Sonobe Shinya , Niizuma Kuniyasu , Aoki Masashi
Published: October 2022

We report a rare case of a vertebro-vertebral arteriovenous fistula (VVAVF) manifesting as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A 76-year-old female patient presented with progressive weakness, muscle atrophy, fasciculation, and preserved deep tendon reflexes in the right upper limb. Electrophysiological testing showed lower motor neuron dysfunction. The patient was suspected to have ALS, but cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed enlarged blood vessels in the spinal canal, which compressed the cervical spinal cord and nerve roots. Angiography showed a shunt from the right vertebral artery to the right intervertebral vein and the vertebral venous plexus; therefore, the patient was diagnosed with VVAVF. Transarterial embolization was performed to obliterate the shunt, and weakness in the patient’s right upper limb subsequently improved. It is worth considering VVAVF as a differential diagnosis of ALS-like diseases.
Optimization of Intelligent Network Information Management System under Big Data and Cloud Computing
Authors: Ma Li , Gupta Rajiv Kumar , Onyema Edeh Michael
Published: October 2022

With the economy and society development, big data storage in management has become a problem which can’t be ignored. Task allocation management and optimization is a significant factor in the enterprise sustainable development. The enterprise information intelligent management has become management mode and presents information to the business managers in a more effective and lower cost. In order to solve the management problem under big data and cloud computing, a research on the optimization of intelligent network information management system is proposed. Firstly, build the overall model of big data diversion system under cloud computing platform, and design the architecture of Tiny OS operating system for big data diversion; Secondly, S3C2440 is used as the system control core to design the hardware structure of the shunting system; Finally, the software of the system is developed by using the dynamic loading method of functional subroutines in Linux operating system. The power supply voltage is DC 3.3 V and 1.25 v. DC 5 V is used as the overall power supply of the circuit board, and 0.1 is added at both ends of lm1117 chip F and 100 F capacitance for FIR filtering of power supply. Simulation experiments are carried out to verify the performance, which shows the superior performance of the big data shunting system designed in this paper.
Music Information Retrieval Using Similarity Based Relevance Ranking Techniques
Authors: Vasu Karthik , Choudhary Savita
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this proposed study activity is to construct a system for the job of automatically assessing the relevance of music datasets, which will be used in future work. Determine item similarity is an important job in a recommender system since it determines if two items are similar. Participants' systems must provide a list of suggested music that may be added to a given playlist based on a set of playlist characteristics, {which will work along with the algorithms designed to provide other similar songs. Specifically, in this study, the challenges of detecting music similarity only on the basis of song information and tags given by users have been addressed. The proposed technique has been tested using a variety of machine learning algorithms to see how well it performs. tf-idf} and Word2Vec are the methods used to model the dataset and generate feature vectors. It has also been found we that machine learning techniques, including Collaborative Filtering, KNN, Frequent Pattern Growth, and Matrix Factorization, have a greater influence on relevance ranking than traditional methods.
La leyenda fundacional de Roma: en enfoque lingüístico.
Authors: García Domingo Enrique
Published: October 2022

: La leyenda fundacional de Roma ha sido estudiada desde distintos puntos de vista; nosotros la abordaremos desde una perspectiva lingüística. La transcripción de lat. Rōmă por Ῥώμη nos va a servir para formarnos una idea de los pasos que se siguieron en la creación de la leyenda griega sobre la fundación de Roma y de cómo fue esta conocida luego por los romanos. El análisis de Ῥῶμος, Ῥώμυλος, Rōmus y Rĕmus, nos va a permitir, entre otros aspectos, dar una explicación coherente de las dos partes en que se divide la leyenda canónica latina sobre el origen de Roma, la prefundacional y la fundacional.
O miejsce książki w historii sztuki. Część III: Sztuka książki około 1900. W 150. rocznicę urodzin Stanisława Wyspiańskiego
Authors: Gronek Agnieszka
Published: October 2022

Składamy na Państwa ręce zbiór artykułów, które ukazują zaangażowanie Stanisława Wyspiańskiego w pracę nad kształtem estetycznym książki, a więc nad projektowaniem kart, czcionek, ilustracji i okładek; omawiają kontakty z introligatorami, wydawcami, drukarzami i księgarzami; a także wskazują na jego europejskie inspiracje artystyczne w projektowaniu form edytorskich. Znaczenie tej pionierskiej działalności w dziedzinie typografii uwidoczniają także utwory jego uczniów i naśladowców, również współczesnych. Te oryginalne, świeże i zaskakujące prace wciąż dowodzą, że krakowski mistrz przemawia do kolejnych pokoleń i od ponad 150 lat porusza oraz nie przestaje inspirować.
Przetworzenia monogramu wiązanego Stanisława Wyspiańskiego w projektach graficznych Władysława Pluty
Authors: Antos Janusz
Published: October 2022

My reflections focus on Stanisław Wyspiański’s signature which is best known – the initials of his name and surname (SW) which are intertwined to shape an interlocking monogram, as well as the accompanying year-mark of completing a signed work, and in particular, numerous transformations of Wyspiański’s interlocking monogram created by Władysław Pluta in his designs in 2007. To celebrate the Year of Stanisław Wyspiański, the Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków published a series of standardized and unified printed materials: invitations, posters, brochures and a book with the manifold transformations of Stanisław Wyspiański’s interlocking monogram used by Władysław Pluta as their central motif. A famous graphic designer, author of several hundred poster designs and at least as many book artwork projects, the professor at the Faculty of Industrial Design at the Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków, Władysław Pluta developed an interest in the monogram and analysed it. His multiple transformations of Stanisław Wyspiański’s interlocking SW monogram are accompanied by the landmark date of the year 2007, a century since the artist’s death. One hundred years later, this unusual instance of dialogue takes place between a contemporary graphic designer and Stanisław Wyspiański, a member of the Society of Polish Applied Art who revived Polish graphic design at the beginning of the 20th century.
Mało znane projekty grafiki książkowej Stanisława Mieczysława Dębickiego
Authors: Kupczyńska Łarysa
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the little-known projects of printed books artistic design created by Stanisław Mieczysław Dębicki. It analyses the works performed by the artist between 1895 and 1911. Most of the projects were published in Lviv. Many of the works were designed for children, but most of them were aimed at adult readers. Each work created by the artist is unique and original, all of the projects reflect the author’s extremely different approach to the tasks, and they also demonstrate the evolution of his creative path. The basis of S. Dębicki creativity is rooted in the traditions of the local school. Relying on these traditions the artist discovered for himself new trends that had emerged in the fine arts. As a result, many illustrations of the artist reflect his efforts to establish the national style, and thus his understanding of the national culture. By maintaining contacts with Kraków he was able to study the novel ideas of Stanisław Wyspiański, some of which were adapted by him in Lviv. In addition, the artist based on his experience gained in Paris, and mainly in Vienna. Many works are the best example of the author’s affiliation with the Vienna “Secession” movement. 57 projects of the published books from Marek Reihenstein collection, stored today in Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv are an important complement to S. Dębicki’s creative personality and aesthetic priorities. Some of the projects embodied in the printed books reflect the artists’ collaboration with Stanisław Wyspiański and the publisher Alfred Altenberg, while the unrealized ones open new pages in the artist’s creative biography. Today the creativity of S. Dębicki best proves the transformation of books into the pieces of art, as well as his participation in the aesthetic culture of his time.
Źródła inspiracji Jerzego Narbuta w dziełach okresu petersburskiego (1906–1917)
Authors: Seliwaczow Michał , Pozdniakow Wsewołod
Published: October 2022

The merits of J. Narbut (1886–1920) in the formation of national identity of the new Ukrainian graphic art are not only the result of his deep interpretation of the national (especially folk) cultural heritage, but also of his intensive research and use of the world artistic heritage. The purpose of the article is to identify and comprehend some prototypes and reminiscences in the Narbut’s graphic motifs. The impact of this visual information on individual works and stages of the artist’s work is evaluated. While meeting with a number of ancient and modern works of art, he was fond of their beauty, originality, and peculiarity of the technique Narbut always had an irresistible desire to do what inspired and interested him with his own hands. Therefore, many of his works, especially early ones, reflect the influence of different styles or trends. Their individual understanding ultimately shaped his personal approach. This is one of the reasons for the diversity of the artist’s stylistic means. The desire to master the achievements of art of all times and people did not lead Narbut to eclecticism, because he was influenced only by the ideas consistent with his own artistic orientation. Thus, iconographic borrowing and various stylistic trends proved to be a touchstone for honing his personal talent, as well as a material for original discoveries, which were often ahead of their time. His early death at the age of 35 did not allow Narbut to fully develop his talent. But the works that had already been created testify to his outstanding abilities. The extraordinary ingenuity and variety of compositions, fonts, technical means and stylistics of the artist still remains a striking feature of his oeuvre. His works prove that the modern expressiveness of national art is impossible without mastering a wide range of world cultural heritage.
Wystawa drukarska w 1904/05 roku w Krakowie
Authors: Wójcik Agata
Published: October 2022

Polish Applied Art Society (Towarzystwo Polska Sztuka Stosowana) focused not only on designing interiors, furniture or tapestry, but was also interested in graphic design, to which an exhibition in Kraków was dedicated (24th December 1904 to 10th February 1905), organized in cooperation with the National Museum. The aim of the exhibition was ‘to present the degree of artistry in contemporary Polish printing, to emphasize the aspirations, to give it a distinct character, to give an overview of the artistic use of folk motifs and to inform about the current state of printing technology’. The exhibition was to draw the publishers’ attention to the issues of contemporary print design as well as to arouse the interest of artists in this field. Warchałowski argued that the exhibition was to show that the distinctive Polish character of printing consisted of two elements – the individuality of artists and the use of folk motifs. The National Museum was responsible for the exhibition of the old prints. The exhibition included the most interesting Polish posters of the period, made in the technique of lithography in the workshop of Aureliusz Pruszyński in Kraków. There was also a presentation of publications of the Jagiellonian University Printing House, National Printing House of Napoleon Telz, Piotr Laskauer in Warsaw and several others. The Society did not fail to boast about their own prints – to the quality of which they paid particular attention – the catalogues, periodicals, reports, exhibition posters, correspondence cards. There was a separate presentation of works of the artists who had already been successful in the field of graphic design, among others of Józef Mehoffer, Eugeniusz Dąbrowa-Dąbrowski, Karol Frycz, Stanisław Wyspiański, Henryk Uziembło. The last part of the exhibition was devoted to foreign prints, mostly from Feliks Jasieński’s collection. There were American, English, as well as Chinese and Japanese publications. The exhibition was widely commented on in the press, and it was quite well received. The selection of the presented works, their artistic level as well as the arrangement of the exhibition were praised. The TPSS appreciated several printing houses, awarded medals and distributed cash prizes.
Ten-year outcome following surgical treatment of femoroacetabular impingement
Authors: Grammatopoulos George , Laboudie Pierre , Fischman Daniel , Ojaghi Reza , Finless Alexandra , Beaulé Paul E.
Published: October 2022

Aims

The primary aim of this study was to determine the ten-year outcome following surgical treatment for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). We assessed whether the evolution of practice from open to arthroscopic techniques influenced outcomes and tested whether any patient, radiological, or surgical factors were associated with outcome.

Methods

Prospectively collected data of a consecutive single-surgeon cohort, operated for FAI between January 2005 and January 2015, were retrospectively studied. The cohort comprised 393 hips (365 patients; 71% male (n = 278)), with a mean age of 34.5 years (SD 10.0). Over the study period, techniques evolved from open surgical dislocation (n = 94) to a combined arthroscopy-Hueter technique (HA + Hueter; n = 61) to a pure arthroscopic technique (HA; n = 238). Outcome measures of interest included modes of failures, complications, reoperation, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Demographic, radiological, and surgical factors were tested for possible association with outcome.

Results

At a mean follow-up of 7.5 years (SD 2.5), there were 43 failures in 38 hips (9.7%), with 35 hips (8.9%) having one failure mode, one hip (0.25%) having two failure modes, and two hips (0.5%) having three failure modes. The five- and ten-year hip joint preservation rates were 94.1% (SD 1.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 91.8 to 96.4) and 90.4% (SD 1.7%; 95% CI 87.1 to 93.7), respectively. Inferior survivorship was detected in the surgical dislocation group. Age at surgery, Tönnis grade, cartilage damage, and absence of rim-trimming were associated with improved preservation rates. Only Tönnis grade was an independent predictor of hip preservation. All PROMs improved postoperatively. Factors associated with improvement in PROMs included higher lateral centre-edge and α angles, and lower retroversion index and BMI.

Conclusion

FAI surgery provides lasting improvement in function and a joint preservation rate of 90.4% at ten years. The evolution of practice was not associated with inferior outcome. Since degree of arthritis is the primary predictor of outcome, improved awareness and screening may lead to prompt intervention and better outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(10):804–814.
Spots instagrameables y folcsonomías: tejidos de consumo entre el espacio virtual y el espacio factual
Authors: Carrillo Loaiza Katerinne , Arbeláez Vargas Axel Nicolás , Gamboa Acero Zaira Fernanda , Chaparro Mendivelso Jeffer
Published: October 2022

Gracias a la capacidad de almacenamiento de datos en plataformas como Instagram, es posible aportar al diseño de herramientas metodológicas para la investigación virtual, así como a las temáticas asociadas a la comprensión del ciberespacio y el espacio factual. Aunque no siempre dicha información está disponible para todo tipo de público, Instagram cuenta con funciones de geolocalización y folcsonomías que, aprovechadas con creatividad, pueden aportar a la construcción de conocimiento geográfico a partir del diseño de propuestas de investigación como lo son los spots instagrameables. A partir del análisis de literatura, de encuestas semiestructuradas y el análisis de folcsonomías de imágenes de Instagram, se exponen las dinámicas en torno a los lugares instagrameables asociados al consumo digital y al espacio factual. Entre las conclusiones se evidencia que a través del análisis de etiquetas y de fotografías se pueden considerar diferentes tipos de spots de acuerdo a su origen: patrimonial o emergente. También las escalas de reconocimiento de los lugares a partir de la cuantificación de las etiquetas. Finalmente, se entiende Instagram como una herramienta potencial que aporta al análisis de espacios desde la urbanalización, el marketing y las dinámicas de género, lo que sin duda podría ser aprovechado para la indagación o el complemento en estudios similares o en nuevos campos de interés desde la cibergeografía.
Proposta didàctica basada en pensament computacional per a la millora de la resolució de problemes en primària
Authors: Girona-García Andrea , López-Iñesta Emilia , Sanz Maria T.
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCCIÓ. Els canvis en la nova Llei orgànica d’educació LOMLOE han donat pas a un reconeixement del pensament computacional en la legislació educativa en les ensenyances no universitàries atenent reivindicacions de la Comissió Europea que posava de manifest els seus efectes positius sobre els processos cognitius en la resolució de problemes.
MÈTODE. Es presenta una proposta didàctica per a l’assignatura de matemàtiques i alumnat de tercer de primària amb l’objectiu de mostrar que el pensament computacional pot ser una eina fonamental per a la millora de la resolució de problemes aritmètics.
RESULTATS. S’han dissenyat una sèrie d’activitats desvinculades d’entorns tecnològics amb les quals treballar la comprensió dels enunciats, l’organització i l’anàlisi de dades. A més, es presenta una bateria de problemes amb la qual mesurar el nivell de partida de l’alumnat i avaluar si les estratègies de pensament computacional milloren la resolució de problemes.
DISCUSSIÓ. L’aplicació del pensament computacional permet treballar i millorar competències i habilitats relacionades amb la resolució de problemes que poden resultar clau en tot el currículum per estar estretament relacionat amb la comprensió de qualsevol enunciat, la indagació, la generació d’hipòtesis i l’avaluació dels resultats obtinguts.
Structurally stable beams in the turbulent atmosphere: dark and antidark beams on incoherent background [Invited]
Authors: Xu Zhiheng , Liu Xin , Cai Yangjian , Ponomarenko Sergey A. , Liang Chunhao
Published: October 2022

We demonstrate analytically and verify numerically that recently discovered, and experimentally realized, partially coherent dark and antidark beams are structurally stable on propagation in a statistically homogeneous, isotropic random medium, such as the turbulent atmosphere. The dark/antidark beams defy diffraction in free space, and they manifest themselves as dark/bright notches/bumps against an incoherent background. The structure of a bump/notch remains invariant on propagation of the beam through the random medium, while the peak amplitude of the bump/notch decays with the propagation distance in the medium at a rate dependent on the strength of the medium turbulence. We also evaluate numerically the scintillation index of such beams and show that it is significantly lower than that of generic, low-coherence Gaussian Schell-model beams. The combination of structural stability and low scintillations makes partially coherent dark/antidark beams very promising candidates for information transfer and optical communications through atmospheric turbulence.
How to describe collective decay of uncoupled modes in the input–output formalism
Authors: Propp Tzula B.
Published: October 2022

We extend the input–output formalism to study the behavior of uncoupled
discrete modes (bosonic cavity modes and fermionic qubits) when they
decay to the same Markovian continuum. When the continuum interacts
with only a single mode, this decay is irreversible. However, when
multiple modes decay to the same Markovian continuum they develop
correlations and decay collectively. In the input–output formalism
these correlations manifest in additional terms in the quantum
Langevin equation. For two modes, this collective decay can
dramatically extend the lifetimes of both modes (Dicke subradiance)
and, within the single-mode subsystem, induces non-Markovian memory
effects including energy backflow.
Linear and angular momentum properties induced by radial- and azimuthal-variant polarized beams in a strongly focused optical system
Authors: Zhu Mingchao , Fu Shenggui , Man Zhongsheng
Published: October 2022

Optical linear and angular momenta have attracted tremendous research interest in recent years. In this paper we theoretically investigate the electromagnetic fields and linear and angular momentum properties of tightly focused radial- and azimuthal-variant vector input beams. Calculations show that a uniform 3D optical cage can be achieved when the optical degree of freedom of polarization in the radial direction is introduced. Furthermore, the distributions of linear and angular momenta in the focal volume are revealed. Moreover, we numerically investigate the gradient, scattering, and total forces as well as spin and orbital torques on a Rayleigh particle generated by the optical cage. It is found that there are two equilibrium positions before and after the focal plane, both of which can achieve stable 3D particles capture. Most importantly, the longitudinal spin and orbital torques show the same patterns but in opposite directions in the two equilibrium positions, thus, the unwinding of the double helix can be expected to be achieved by virtue of this special optical torque.
Harmonic generation from silicon membranes at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths
Authors: Hallman K. A. , Rodríguez-Suné L. , Trull J. , Cojocaru C. , Vincenti M. A. , Akozbek N. , Vilaseca R. , Scalora M.
Published: October 2022

Nonlinear silicon photonics offers unique abilities to generate, manipulate and detect optical signals in nano-devices, with applications based on field localization and large third order nonlinearity. However, at the nanoscale, inefficient nonlinear processes, absorption, and the lack of realistic models limit the nano-engineering of silicon. Here we report measurements of second and third harmonic generation from undoped silicon membranes. Using experimental results and simulations we identify the effective mass of valence electrons, which determines second harmonic generation efficiency, and oscillator parameters that control third order processes. We can then accurately predict the nonlinear optical properties of complex structures, without introducing and artificially separating the effective χ(2) into surface and volume contributions, and by simultaneously including effects of linear and nonlinear dispersions. Our results suggest that judicious exploitation of the nonlinear dispersion of ordinary semiconductors can provide reasonable nonlinear efficiencies and transformational device physics well into the UV range.
Dynamic terahertz transmission based on coupling reconfiguration of spoof surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Gong Sen , Bi Chunyang , Wang Lan , Zeng Hongxin , Lan Feng , Yang Ziqiang , Zhang Yaxin
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we propose a dynamic transmission structure based on the coupling reconfiguration of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) in a 2D coplanar grating. By embedding a VO2 film into the signal line, the dynamic transmission is realized by reconfiguring the coupling of terahertz waves from quasi-TEM waves to SSPPs. The analysis shows that the transmission can be modulated in almost the entire band of the SSPPs, which further benefits a promising group delay due to the weak dispersion characteristic in the frequency region much lower than the cut-off frequency of SSPPs. In addition, for the dynamic modulation caused by the coupling reconfiguration, only rather a small area of VO2 film is needed to break the robustness of the 2D coplanar grating. Therefore, the coupling reconfiguration mechanism proposed in this paper facilitates the realization of an easily on-chip integrated dynamic SSPPs transmission structure with ultra-large bandwidth, and low group delay time difference. Accordingly, the presented mechanism will play a positive role in promoting the development of terahertz dynamic devices.
Establishment and verification of formulas of target tracking based on dual liquid crystal polarization gratings
Authors: Wang Jun , Gao Liang , Jiang Lun , Liu Yang , Dong Yan , Song Yansong
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the relationship between miss distance, target position, and rotation angle of dual liquid crystal polarization gratings (LCPGs) is proposed for the first time, a target tracking system based on the rotating dual LCPGs is established, and a closed-loop target tracking process based on the formula is described. We establish the optical structure of the dual LCPGs, and the simulation compares the difference between the altitude and azimuth angles of the target position from the formula and the ZEMAX simulation. In the simulation validation, we also compare and analyze the proposed formula with the formula for vertical incidence to illustrate the necessity to introduce miss distance. We assemble a target coarse tracking device and perform the tracking experiment using the proposed formula to test the coarse tracking accuracy of the system. The coarse tracking accuracy and the angle information we obtained from simulation and experiment meet our proposed technical specification of no more than 0.45mrad, showing that the proposed formula provides a good basis for stable target coarse tracking and is instructive for engineering applications.
Information theoretic performance evaluation of 3D integral imaging
Authors: Wani Pranav , Krishnan Gokul , O’Connor Timothy , Javidi Bahram
Published: October 2022

Integral imaging (InIm) has proved useful for three-dimensional (3D) object sensing, visualization, and classification of partially occluded objects. This paper presents an information-theoretic approach for simulating and evaluating the integral imaging capture and reconstruction process. We utilize mutual information (MI) as a metric for evaluating the fidelity of the reconstructed 3D scene. Also we consider passive depth estimation using mutual information. We apply this formulation for optimal pitch estimation of integral-imaging capture and reconstruction to maximize the longitudinal resolution. The effect of partial occlusion in integral imaging 3D reconstruction using mutual information is evaluated. Computer simulation tests and experiments are presented.
Modulation of graphene THz absorption based on HAuCl4 doping method
Authors: Li Qiannan , Bi Kaixi , Niu Yaokai , Zhou Siyuan , Tan Ligang , Mu Jiliang , Han Shuqi , Zhang Shuai , Geng Wenping , Mei Linyu , Chou Xiujian
Published: October 2022

Graphene is an attractive material for terahertz (THz) absorbers because of its tunable Fermi-Level (EF). It has become a research hotspot to modulate the EF of graphene and THz absorption of graphene. Here, a sandwich-structured single layer graphene (SLG)/ Polyimide (PI)/Au THz absorber was proposed, and top-layer graphene was doped by HAuCl4 solutions. The EF of graphene was shifted by HAuCl4 doping, which was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman tests. The results showed that the EF is shifted about 0.42 eV under 100 mM HAuCl4 doping, the sheet resistance is reduced from 1065 Ω/sq (undoped) to 375 Ω/sq (100 mM). The corresponding absorbance was increased from 40% to 80% at 0.65 THz and increased from 50% to 90% at 2.0 THz under 100 mM HAuCl4 doping. Detailed studies showed that the absorption came from a sandwich structure that meets the impedance matching requirements and provided a thin resonant cavity to capture the incident THz waves. In addition, not only the absorber can be prepared simply, but its results in experiments and simulations agree as well. The proposed device can be applied to electromagnetic shielding and imaging, and the proposed method can be applied to prepare other graphene-based devices.
Towards in-vivo detection of amyloid−β and tau in human CSF using machine learning based Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Lhiyani Noam , Sanjeev Abhijit , Mor Avshalom , Beiderman Yevgeny , Garcia Javier , Zalevsky Zeev
Published: October 2022

This paper aims to present initial proof of concept of a non-invasive early diagnostic tool for Alzheimer disease (AD). The approach is based on the identification using Raman spectroscopy and machine learning algorithms of two proteins that are linked with AD and exist in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). As demonstrated in previous studies, the concentration of the proteins amyloid-β and tau may indicate the existence of AD. The proteins’ concentration in the CSF signifies the condition of AD. The current study can contribute to the existing body of knowledge by enabling the development of a non-invasive diagnostic tool that may help with early diagnosis of AD.
Two-photon pumped exciton-polariton condensation
Authors: Landau Nadav , Panna Dmitry , Brodbeck Sebastian , Schneider Christian , Höfling Sven , Hayat Alex
Published: October 2022

Two-photon absorption (TPA) allows accessing “dark” states of matter that are otherwise inaccessible to light, which serve as important building blocks for quantum information processing. In a semiconductor microcavity, TPA-driven condensation of strongly coupled light-matter exciton–polaritons can enable new solid-state quantum simulations of “dark” state-condensate interactions and was predicted to stimulate THz emission. Here, we report the first observation of two-photon-pumped polariton condensation, demonstrated by angle-resolved photoluminescence in a GaAs-based microcavity. TPA is evidenced in the quadratic emission dependence on pump power below and above the condensation threshold, and second-harmonic generation is ruled out by both this threshold behavior and by the emission peak energy showing no dependence on pump photon energy. Our results pave the way toward novel polariton-based sources and solid-state coherent control of collective quantum states with individual two-level systems.
A machine learning model trained on a high-throughput antibacterial screen increases the hit rate of drug discovery
Authors: Rahman A. S. M. Zisanur , Liu Chengyou , Sturm Hunter , Hogan Andrew M. , Davis Rebecca , Hu Pingzhao , Cardona Silvia T.
Published: October 2022

Screening for novel antibacterial compounds in small molecule libraries has a low success rate. We applied machine learning (ML)-based virtual screening for antibacterial activity and evaluated its predictive power by experimental validation. We first binarized 29,537 compounds according to their growth inhibitory activity (hit rate 0.87%) against the antibiotic-resistant bacterium Burkholderia cenocepacia and described their molecular features with a directed-message passing neural network (D-MPNN). Then, we used the data to train an ML model that achieved a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) score of 0.823 on the test set. Finally, we predicted antibacterial activity in virtual libraries corresponding to 1,614 compounds from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved list and 224,205 natural products. Hit rates of 26% and 12%, respectively, were obtained when we tested the top-ranked predicted compounds for growth inhibitory activity against B. cenocepacia, which represents at least a 14-fold increase from the previous hit rate. In addition, more than 51% of the predicted antibacterial natural compounds inhibited ESKAPE pathogens showing that predictions expand beyond the organism-specific dataset to a broad range of bacteria. Overall, the developed ML approach can be used for compound prioritization before screening, increasing the typical hit rate of drug discovery.
Assessment of knowledge and perceptions on leishmaniasis: An island-wide study in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dewasurendra Rajika , Silva Hermali , Samaranayake Nilakshi , Manamperi Nuwani , Silva Nissanka de , Karunanayake Panduka , Senarath Upul , Senanayake Sanath , Zhou Guofa , Karunaweera Nadira
Published: October 2022

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a notifiable disease in Sri Lanka with increasing case numbers reported from every part of the country. In addition to disease treatment and vector control measures, knowledge and perceptions in a community are key contributors to a successful intervention program. An island-wide survey was carried out to assess the knowledge and perceptions regarding CL across the island, with 252 confirmed CL cases and 2,608 controls. Data was collected by trained personnel, using a pre-tested Case Reporting Form (CRF). Although the percentage who referred to CL by its correct name was low (1.4%), majority stated that it is a fly induced skin disease (79.1%). Knowledge on the symptoms, curability and the name of the vector was high in these communities, but specific knowledge on vector breeding places, biting times and preventive methods were poor. The patients were more knowledgeable when compared to the controls. Differences in the level of knowledge could be identified according to the level of education of the participants as well as across the different areas of the country. The main source of information was through the healthcare system, but the involvement of media in educating the communities on the disease was minimal. While this study population was unaccustomed to the use of repellants or sprays, the use of bed nets was high (77.7% of the participants) in this study population. Although misconceptions and incorrect practices are rare in Sri Lankan communities, promoting health education programs which may improve disease awareness and knowledge on vector and its control will further strengthen the control and prevention strategies.
Clinical and prognostic relevance of sST2 in adults with dengue-associated cardiac impairment and severe dengue
Authors: Teo Andrew , Chia Po Ying , Ramireddi Gaurav Kumar , Khoo Sebastian Kah Ming , Yeo Tsin Wen
Published: October 2022

Background

Dengue can be complicated by severe outcomes including cardiac impairment, and the lack of reliable prognostic biomarkers poses a challenge in managing febrile dengue patients. Here, we investigated the functionality of soluble suppressor of tumorigenicity (sST2) as a predictive marker of severe dengue and its association in dengue-associated cardiac impairment.

Methods

Plasma samples, aged >16 years, collected from 36 dengue fever, 43 dengue with warning signs, 11 severe dengue (collected at febrile, critical and recovery phases) and 30 controls were assayed for plasma levels of sST2, troponin T and N-terminal (NT)-pro hormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) by ELISA. Cardiac parameters: stroke index (SI), cardiac index (CI) and Granov-Goor Index (GGI) were measured with a bioimpedance device during the different phases for dengue subjects and once for the controls.

Principal findings

In the febrile, critical and early recovery phases, sST2 levels were significantly elevated in dengue participants and sST2 levels increased with increasing disease severity (P < 0.01 for all). sST2 concentrations were negatively correlated with SI (r = -0.48; P < 0.001, r = -0.55; P < 0.001), CI (r = -0.26; P = 0.02, r = -0.6: P < 0.001) and GGI (r = -0.44; P < 0.001, r = -0.57; P < 0.001) in the critical and early recovery phases. In contrast, sST2 levels in the febrile and critical phases, were positive correlated to troponin T (r = 0.44, P < 0.001; r = 0.22, P = 0.03, respectively) and NT-proBNP (r = 0.21, P = 0.03; r = 0.35, P < 0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated sST2 as a good biomarker of severe dengue in the critical phase, AUROC 0.79, P < 0.001.

Conclusion/Significance

sST2 levels were elevated in patients with dengue especially in cases of severe dengue. Furthermore, increased sST2 levels were associated with cardiac indicators suggesting lower cardiac performance. While further research is needed to demonstrate its clinical utility, sST2 may be a useful prognostic biomarker of severe dengue.
Multiple immunodominant O-epitopes co-expression in live attenuated Salmonella serovars induce cross-protective immune responses against S. Paratyphi A, S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis
Authors: Li Pei , Zhang Ke , Lei Ting , Zhou Zuoyong , Luo Hongyan
Published: October 2022

Salmonella entericasubsp.enterica(S.enterica) is a significant public health concern and is estimated to cause more than 300,000 deaths annually. Nowadays, the vaccines available for human Salmonellosis prevention are all targeting just one serovar, i.e.,S. Typhi, leaving a huge potential risk ofSalmonelladisease epidemiology change. In this study, we explored the strategy of multiple immunodominant O-epitopes co-expression inS.entericaserovars and evaluated their immunogenicity to induce cross-immune responses and cross-protections againstS. Paratyphi A,S. Typhimurium andS. Enteritidis. We found that nucleotide sugar precursors CDP-Abe and CDP-Par (or CDP-Tyv) could be utilized byS.entericaserovars simultaneously, exhibiting O2&O4 (or O4&O9) double immunodominant O-serotypes without obvious growth defects. More importantly, a triple immunodominant O2&O4&O9 O-serotypes could be achieved inS. Typhimurium by improving the substrate pool of CDP-Par, glycosyltransferase WbaV and flippase Wzx via a dual-plasmid overexpressing system. Through immunization in a murine model, we found that double or triple O-serotypes live attenuated vaccine candidates could induce significantly higher heterologous serovar-specific antibodies than their wild-type parent strain. Meanwhile, the bacterial agglutination, serum bactericidal assays and protection efficacy experiments had all shown that these elicited serum antibodies are cross-reactive and cross-protective. Our work highlights the potential of developing a new type of live attenuatedSalmonellavaccines againstS. Paratyphi A,S. Typhimurium andS. Enteritidis simultaneously.
Coronary bioresorbable stents: Non-invasive quantitative evaluation of intra- and juxta-stent plaque composition—A computed tomography longitudinal study
Authors: Zdanovich Evguenia , Mansour Samer , Stevens Louis-Mathieu , Naim Charbel , Juneau Daniel , Semionov Alexandre , Chartrand-Lefebvre Carl
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Coronary bioresorbable stents (BRS) do not produce blooming artifacts on computed tomography (CT), in contrast to metallic stents, as they are made of a bioresorbable polymer and are radiolucent. They allow to evaluate the coronary plaque beneath. The low-attenuation plaque (LAP) suggests plaque vulnerability and is CT assessable. The aim of our study was to show the possibility of a non-invasive CT evaluation of the volume and the LAP composition of the intra- and juxta-stent plaque.

Methodology

In our prospective longitudinal study, we recruited 27 consecutive patients (35 BRS stents total; mean age 60 +/- 9 years) with bioresorbable stents for a 256-slice ECG-synchronized CT evaluation at 1- and 12-months post stent implantation. Total plaque volume (mm3), absolute and relative (%) LAP volume per block in the pre- intra- and post-stent zones were analyzed; comparison 1- and 12-months post-implantation of BRS. Changes in the previously mentioned variables were assessed by the mixed effects models with and without spline, which also accounted for the correlation between repeated measurements.

Results

Our block or spline model analysis has shown no significant difference in plaque or absolute LAP volumes in pre- intra- and post-stent zones between 1 and 12 months. Interestingly, % LAP volume increases near-significantly in the distal block of the intrastent at 12-mo follow-up (from 23.38 ± 1.80% to 26.90 ± 2.22% (increase of 15%), p = 0.052).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates the feasibility of the repeated non-invasive quantitative analysis of the intrastent coronary plaque and of the in-stent lumen by CT scan.
Homo sapiens lithic technology and microlithization in the South Asian rainforest at Kitulgala Beli-lena (c. 45 – 8,000 years ago)
Authors: Picin Andrea , Wedage Oshan , Blinkhorn James , Amano Noel , Deraniyagala Siran , Boivin Nicole , Roberts Patrick , Petraglia Michael
Published: October 2022

Recent archaeological investigations in Sri Lanka have reported evidence for the exploitation and settlement of tropical rainforests by Homo sapiens since c. 48,000 BP. Information on technological approaches used by human populations in rainforest habitats is restricted to two cave sites, Batadomba-lena and Fa-Hien Lena. Here, we provide detailed study of the lithic assemblages of Kitulgala Beli-lena, a recently excavated rockshelter preserving a sedimentary sequence from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene. Our analysis indicates in situ lithic production and the recurrent use of the bipolar method for the production of microliths. Stone tool analyses demonstrate long-term technological stability from c. 45,000 to 8,000 years BP, a pattern documented in other rainforest locations. Foraging behaviour is characterised by the use of lithic bipolar by-products together with osseous projectile points for the consistent targeting of semi-arboreal/arboreal species, allowing for the widespread and recurrent settlement of the wet zone of Sri Lanka.
Transcriptome analysis of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) under nickel stress
Authors: Czajka Karolina M. , Nkongolo Kabwe
Published: October 2022

Plants have evolved heavy metal tolerance mechanisms to adapt and cope with nickel (Ni) toxicity. Decrypting whole gene expression of Trembling Aspen (Pinus tremuloides) under nickel stress could elucidate the nickel resistance/tolerance mechanisms. The main objectives of the present research were to 1) characterize the P. tremuloides transcriptome, and 2) compare gene expression dynamics between nickel-resistant and nickel-susceptible P. tremuloides genotypes with Whole Transcriptome (WT) sequencing. Illumina Sequencing generated 27–45 million 2X150 paired-end reads of raw data per sample. The alignment performed with StringTie Software added two groups of transcripts to the draft genome annotation. One group contained 32,677 new isoforms that match to 17,254 genes. The second group contained 17,349 novel transcripts that represent 16,157 novel genes. Overall, 52,987 genes were identified from which 36,770 genes were selected as differently expressed. With the high stringency (two-fold change, FDR value ≤ 0.05 and logFC value ≥1 (upregulated) or ≤ -1 (downregulated), after GSEA analysis and filtering for gene set size, 575 gene sets were upregulated and 146 were downregulated in nickel resistant phenotypes compared to susceptible genotypes. For biological process, genes associated with translation were significantly upregulated while signal transduction and cellular protein process genes were downregulated in resistant compared to susceptible genotypes. For molecular function, there was a significant downregulation of genes associated with DNA binding in resistant compared to susceptible lines. Significant upregulation was observed in genes located in ribosome while downregulation of genes in chloroplast and mitochondrion were preponderant in resistant genotypes compared to susceptible. Hence, from a whole transcriptome level, an upregulation in ribosomal and translation activities was identified as the main response to Ni toxicity in the resistant plants. More importantly, this study revealed that a metal transport protein (Potrs038704g29436 –ATOX1-related copper transport) was among the top upregulated genes in resistant genotypes when compared to susceptible plants. Other identified upregulated genes associated with abiotic stress include genes coding for Dirigent Protein 10, GATA transcription factor, Zinc finger protein, Auxin response factor, Bidirectional sugar transporter, and thiamine thiazole synthase.