bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Hydrolysis Synthesis of Bi4O5Br2 Photocatalyst with Excellent Visible Light Photocatalytic Performance for the Degradation of Resorcinol.
Authors: Li Min , Cui Yujin , Jin Yongsheng , Li Hui
Published: July 2016

Bi4O5Br2 (I) is prepared by a one‐step hydrolysis route employing a 1:1 molar solution of Bi(NO3)3 and KBr in ethylene glycol to which aqueous NH3 is given (25 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Europium (III) Nitridoborate Eu3[B3N6]: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Raman Spectra.
Authors: Aydemir Umut , Kokal Ilkin , Prots Yurii , Foerster Tobias , Sichelschmidt Joerg , Schappacher Falko M. , Poettgen Rainer , Ormeci Alim , Somer Mehmet
Published: July 2016

The title compound is prepared from a 1:1 molar mixture of Eu3(BN2)2 and Br2 (1073 K, 12 h) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, ESR, Raman and Moessbauer spectroscopy, and DFT quantum chemical calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization of Two New Bismuth(III) Selenite/Tellurite Nitrates: [(Bi3O2)(SeO3)2](NO3) and [Bi(TeO3)](NO3).
Authors: Meng Chang‐Yu , Wei Ming‐Fang , Geng Lei , Hu Pei‐Qing , Yu Meng‐Xia , Cheng Wen‐Dan
Published: July 2016

Both compounds (III) and (V) crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/c with Z = 4 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation of Trifluoromethyl Group Substituted Racemic and Acyclic Unsymmetrical 1,3‐Disubstituted Allylic Esters with Malonate Anions.
Authors: Ikeda Kazunori , Futamura Takashi , Hanakawa Taisyun , Minakawa Maki , Kawatsura Motoi
Published: July 2016

This Pd‐catalyzed dynamic kinetic asymmetric allylic alkylation proceeds with high yields and good to excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Nucleophiles to Fluorinated Michael Acceptors.
Authors: Ramb Daniel C. , Lerchen Andreas , Kischkewitz Marvin , Beutel Bernd , Fustero Santos , Haufe Guenter
Published: July 2016

The Michael addition of different nucleophiles including malonates and nitromethane as carbon nucleophiles, thiols, primary and secondary amines as well as primary alcohols is achieved in the presence of K2CO3 or Et3N as the base.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Anion Directed Asymmetric Carbocation‐Catalyzed Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Ni Shengjun , Ramesh Naidu Veluru , Franzen Johan
Published: July 2016

The combination of a tritylium ion salt and an axial chiral anion catalyzes the Diels—Alder reactions with up to 53% enantiomeric excess.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxa‐ and Azacycle Formation via Migrative Cyclization of Sulfonylalkynol and Sulfonylalkynamide with N‐Heterocyclic Carbene.
Authors: Wang Yinli , Oriez Raphael , Kuwano Satoru , Yamaoka Yousuke , Takasu Kiyosei , Yamada Ken‐ichi
Published: July 2016

Furan, pyran, and pyrrole derivatives are obtained by cyclization of sulfonylalkynols and sulfonylalkynamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Photooxygenation of Furylalkylamines: Easy Access to Pyrrolizidine and Indolizidine Scaffolds.
Authors: Kalaitzakis Dimitris , Triantafyllakis Myron , Sofiadis Manolis , Noutsias Dimitris , Vassilikogiannakis Georgios
Published: July 2016

Employing green reagents and conditions, unprotected primary furylalkylamines are subjected to photooxygenation conditions which initiate a complex cascade reaction sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Oxidation of Aliphatic C—H Bonds in Amino‐Containing Molecules under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Li Xin , Che Xing , Chen Gui‐Hua , Zhang Jun , Yan Jia‐Lei , Zhang Yun‐Fei , Zhang Li‐Sheng , Hsu Chao‐Ping , Gao Yi Qin , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: July 2016

A wide variety of phthaloyl protected amines, amino acids, and dipeptides are oxidized to carbonyls with good regioselectivities using a simple, inexpensive and transition‐metal free oxidation system.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of β,β‐Disubstituted Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Yu Yan‐Bo , Cheng Lei , Li Yi‐Pan , Fu Yue , Zhu Shou‐Fei , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: July 2016

Saturated nitroalkanes are prepared by asymmetric hydrogenation of nitroalkenes using iridium complexes with a newly prepared chiral spiro aminophosphine ligand as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A Metal‐Free Diverse Synthesis of Difluoromethylthioethers and Difluorobis(arylthio)methanes from RSX (X = SR, Cl, SO2Ph) and TMSCF2H.
Authors: Han Jia‐Bin , Qin Hua‐Li , Ye Su‐Hong , Zhu Lei , Zhang Cheng‐Pan
Published: July 2016

Success and outcome of these reactions strongly depend on the molar ratio of the reactands and the nature of the base.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Hydroamination of Terminal Allenes.
Authors: Blieck Remi , Bahri Janet , Taillefer Marc , Monnier Florian
Published: July 2016

The hydroamination of terminal aryl and alkyl substituted allenes using cyclic secondary amines or anilines affords (E)‐allylamines in often high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe‐Promoted Chlorobenzylation of Terminal Alkynes Through Benzylic C(sp3)—H Bond Functionalization.
Authors: Shi Jiang‐Ling , Zhang Ji‐Cheng , Wang Bi‐Qin , Hu Ping , Zhao Ke‐Qing , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: July 2016

The title process provides alkenyl chlorides with complete regio‐ and high E‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Glaser Coupling of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by Multinuclear Copper Complexes under Base‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Zhang Ling‐Juan , Wang Yan‐Hong , Liu Jie , Xu Mei‐Chen , Zhang Xian‐Ming
Published: July 2016

1,3‐Diynes are prepared by the title coupling using a dinuclear copper complex (COP) as catalyst in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Heteroaryl Ethers from Azine N‐Oxides and Alcohols.
Authors: Lian Yajing , Coffey Steven B. , Li Qifang , Londregan Allyn T.
Published: July 2016

In the presence of PyBroP, a broad spectrum of the required heteroaryl ethers can be prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: A Step‐Wise Reduction of Nonracemic α‐Ketoamides to α‐Methine Amides under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Wang Bing , Wang Min , Jia Tao , Lou Yazhou , Liao Jian , Cao Peng
Published: July 2016

A step‐wise reductive method that converts nonracemic γ‐chiral α‐ketoamides into amide derivatives is developed under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Alkyl Alkynyl Sulfones and Cyclic Vinyl Sulfones from Alkynyl(aryl)iodonium Salts.
Authors: Rodriguez Arantxa , Moran Wesley J.
Published: July 2016

The reaction of alkynyl(aryl)iodonium salts with alkyl sulfinates proceeds via 1,2‐rearrangements or 1,5‐insertion to furnish acyclic or cyclic sulfones which are difficult to prepare by other methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropenes in Metallacycle‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling with Alkynes: Convergent Synthesis of Highly Substituted Vinylcyclopropanes.
Authors: O'Rourke Natasha F. , Micalizio Glenn C.
Published: July 2016

The cross‐coupling reactions proceed with high diastereoselectivity and favor the formation of 1,2,3‐trisubstituted cyclopropanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Michael Addition of Malonic Esters to endo‐Tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]deca‐4,8‐dien‐4‐bromo‐3‐one: A Novel Entry to Highly Functionalized cis—anti—cis Fused Triquinane Framework/Skeleton.
Authors: Dinesh Tarur Konikkaledom , Palani Namasivayam , Balasubramanian Sengottuvelan
Published: July 2016

Depending on the conditions the reaction of substrate (I) with malonic esters (II) provides Michael adducts (III) or unexpected compounds (IV) as main or single product.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Redshifted Azobenzene Photoswitches by Late‐Stage Functionalization.
Authors: Konrad David B. , Frank James A. , Trauner Dirk
Published: July 2016

Since tetra‐ortho‐chloro azabenzenes are important for the photoswitch from UV to VIS (cis‐trans isomerization), an efficient method for their preparation is required.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Oxidative Rearrangements with Chiral Hypervalent Iodine Reagents.
Authors: Brown Michael , Kumar Ravi , Rehbein Julia , Wirth Thomas
Published: July 2016

This oxidative rearrangement of 1,1‐disubstituted alkenes provides simple access to enantioenriched α‐arylated ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Halides with 2,4,6‐Trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine/Formamide Mixed Reagent.
Authors: Iranpoor Nasser , Panahi Farhad , Roozbin Fatemeh , Erfan Soodabeh , Rahimi Sajjad
Published: July 2016

The reaction of N‐substituted or N,N‐disubstituted formamides with cyanuric chloride generates Vilsmeier iminium type intermediates which are applied as new amidating reagents in Pd‐catalyzed aminocarbonylations of aryl halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Triisopropyl Borate Mediated N‐Sulfinyl Imine Formation.
Authors: Visco Michael D. , Reeves Jonathan T. , Marsini Maurice A. , Volchkov Ivan , Busacca Carl A. , Mattson Anita E. , Senanayake Chris H.
Published: July 2016

Sulfinyl imines are prepared by condensation of aldehydes with sulfinamides in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Organolithium Reagents with (Hetero)Aryl Electrophiles.
Authors: Heijnen Dorus , Gualtierotti Jean‐Baptiste , Hornillos Valentin , Feringa Ben L.
Published: July 2016

A nickel N‐heterocyclic carbene complex allows for the selective cross‐coupling of aromatic electrophiles with (hetero)aryllithium compounds, including those prepared via metal‐halogen exchange or direct metallation, whereas an electron‐rich nickel‐biphosphine complex smoothly converts alkyllithium species into the corresponding coupled products.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Generation of ArCu from CuF2 Makes Coupling of Bulky Aryl Silanes Feasible and Highly Efficient.
Authors: delPozo Juan , Casares Juan A. , Espinet Pablo
Published: July 2016

A bimetallic system of Pd/CuF2, catalytic in Pd and stoichiometric in Cu, is efficient and selective for the coupling of fairly hindered aryl silanes with aryl iodides of conventional size.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Catalyst‐Free Substitution of Allylic and Propargylic Phosphates with Diarylmethyl Anions
Authors: Kawashima Hidehisa , Ogawa Narihito , Saeki Ryohei , Kobayashi Yuichi
Published: July 2016

derived from diarylmethanes with BuLi or LDA
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese‐Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling of Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Qi Xinxin , Jiang Li‐Bing , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: July 2016

Catalyzed by in situ generated manganese nanoparticles the Sonogashira coupling affords a variety of diarylacetylenes in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: General and Cost‐Effective Synthesis of 1‐Heteroaryl/Arylcycloalkylamines and Their Broad Applications.
Authors: Zhang Dehui , Zheng Hongchao , Wang Xiaodong
Published: July 2016

The new method to synthesize 1‐(hetero)arylsubstituted cycloalkylamines from readily available heteroarylacetate is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxy‐Wittig Reactions of 1‐Naphthyl(aryl)methylphosphonates: A New Approach to Naphthylarylketones.
Authors: Zubair Khalid M. B. , Pallikonda Gangaram , Prasad Tulichala R. N. , Chakravarty Manab
Published: July 2016

Synthetically unexposed and expensive naphthylarylketones are prepared from phosphonates (I) and (III) using an operationally simple procedure at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Sequential Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α‐Dehydroamino Ketones for the Synthesis of Chiral Cyclic trans‐β‐Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Hu Qiupeng , Chen Jianzhong , Zhang Zhenfeng , Liu Yangang , Zhang Wanbin
Published: July 2016

The desired trans‐alcohols are obtained with moderate diastereoselectivity and, in most cases, with excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of New 3,5‐Dispiro Substituted Piperidine Analogues via Microwave‐Assisted One Pot Multicomponent Reaction.
Authors: Chidurala Praveen , Jetti Venkateshwarlu , Meshram Jyotsna S.
Published: July 2016

An eco‐efficient microwave method for the synthesis of sulfur‐containing dispirosubstituted piperidines starting from thiobarbituric acid, formaldehyde, and a variety of aromatic amines is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Four‐Component Reaction for Efficient Construction of Spiro[acenaphthylene‐1,2′‐quinoline] Skeleton
Authors: Zhu Dan , Sun Jing , Yan Chao‐Guo
Published: July 2016

starting from various anilines, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate, acenaphthenequinone, and cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Mediated C2‐Dehydrogenative Homocoupling of Indoles via C—H Activation Assisted by a Removable N‐Pyrimidyl Group.
Authors: Le Jun , Gao Yadong , Ding Yousong , Jiang Chao
Published: July 2016

The use of 2‐pyrimidinyl as directing group allows the highly regioselective homocoupling of indoles via C—H activation.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Energized Synthesis of 2‐Aroylindole Derivatives: Piperidine/DMF as an Effective Medium
Authors: Soora Haranath Jayaprakash , Balam Satheesh Krishna , Chereddy Syama Sundar , Sthanikam Siva Prasad , Sarva Santhisudha , Gundluru Mohan , Cirandur Suresh Reddy
Published: July 2016

by reaction of aminoketones with phenacyl bromides
ChemInform Abstract: Redox Condensation of o‐Halonitrobenzene with 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinoline: Involvement of an Unexpected Auto‐Catalyzed Redox Cascade.
Authors: Nguyen T. B. , Ermolenko L. , Al‐Mourabit A.
Published: July 2016

Fused benzimidazoles are prepared by the title redox condensation.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Catalysis of Retro‐Claisen Reactions: From a Quinone Derivative to Functionalized Imidazolium Salts.
Authors: Visbal Renso , Laguna Antonio , Gimeno M. Concepcion
Published: July 2016

Imidazolium‐4‐carboxylate salts are prepared for the first time via a retro‐Claisen reaction of quinone‐fused imidazolium salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Regioselective Alkoxycarbonylation of Imidazoheterocycles with Carbazates.
Authors: Gao Yongyuan , Lu Weiye , Liu Ping , Sun Peipei
Published: July 2016

This is presented in continuation of studies on selective direct C—H functionalization of electron‐rich aryl rings or heterocyclic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative Amination of Unactivated Internal Alkenes.
Authors: Xiong Peng , Xu Fan , Qian Xiang‐Yang , Yohannes Yared , Song Jinshuai , Lu Xin , Xu Hai‐Chao
Published: July 2016

A broad spectrum of allylic carbamates and analogous allylic ureas can be successfully cyclized in the presence of the copper catalyst without any additional ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free and Environment Friendly Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐3‐substituted‐4‐thiazolidinones in Water.
Authors: Thakare Manoj P. , Shaikh Rahimullah , Tayade Dipak
Published: July 2016

The title compounds are prepared via three‐component one‐pot reaction of aryl aldehydes, amines, and thioglycolic acid in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Dissociation Constants, and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel 2,3‐Disubstituted‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐4‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Popiolek Lukasz , Stefanska Joanna , Kielczykowska Malgorzata , Musik Irena , Biernasiuk Anna , Malm Anna , Wujec Monika
Published: July 2016

The title compounds are prepared by cyclization reaction of a variety of N‐substituted carboxylic acid hydrazides with mercaptoacetic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: A Formal Intermolecular Iodolactonization Reaction Based on a Radical‐Ionic Sequence.
Authors: Leon‐Rayo David F. , Morales‐Chamorro Maricela , Cordero‐Vargas Alejandro
Published: July 2016

Based on the title reaction, structurally diverse iodo lactones are obtained by the reaction of allylic alcohols and α‐iodo carboxylic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploiting Distal Reactivity of Coumarins: A Rhodium‐Catalyzed Vinylogous Asymmetric Ring‐Opening Reaction.
Authors: Loh Charles C. J. , Schmid Matthias , Peters Brendan , Fang Xiang , Lautens Mark
Published: July 2016

An unprecedented example of vinylogous reactivity exemplified by the rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric ring‐opening reaction of oxabicycles leading to the incorporation of the biologically useful coumarin motif into the hydronaphthalene scaffold is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Harnessing the Electrophilicity of Keteniminium Ions: A Simple and Straightforward Entry to Tetrahydropyridines and Piperidines from Ynamides.
Authors: Lecomte Morgan , Evano Gwilherm
Published: July 2016

The title compounds are prepared by a formal intramolecular hydroalkylation of readily available substituted ynamides which generate highly reactive activated keteniminium ions upon simple activation under acidic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Reusable Ce‐V Loaded Alumina Catalyst for Multicomponent Synthesis of Substituted Pyridines in Green Media.
Authors: Maddila Suresh , Maddila Surya N. , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B. , Lavanya Palakondu
Published: July 2016

An efficient and environmentally benign three‐component one‐pot procedure for the preparation of multisubstituted pyridines using a novel effective heterogeneous catalyst is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 4‐Bromo‐1,2‐dihydroisoquinolines: Access to Bromonium Ylides by the Intramolecular Reaction of a Benzyl Bromide and an α‐Imino Carbene.
Authors: He Jun , Shi Yinping , Cheng Wanli , Man Zengming , Yang Dongdong , Li Chuan‐Ying
Published: July 2016

Highly functionalized isoquinolines are prepared from readily available aryl‐sulfonyl‐triazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Annulation Reaction of 3‐Acylmethylidene Oxindoles with Huisgen Zwitterions and Its Applications in the Syntheses of Pyrrolo[4,3,2‐de]quinolinones and Marine Alkaloids Ammosamides.
Authors: Yang Changjiang , Chen Xiangyu , Tang Tong , He Zhengjie
Published: July 2016

The method offers access to a broad range of variously functionalized pyrrolo[4,3,2‐de]quinolinones following a two‐step reaction sequence which may be performed in an efficient scalable one‐pot manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Orthogonal Functionalization of Oxazolo[5′,4′:4,5]pyrano[2,3‐b]pyridine by Intra‐ and Intermolecular Pd‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Bond Heteroarylation.
Authors: Theveau Laure , Schneider Cedric , Querolle Olivier , Meerpoel Lieven , Levacher Vincent , Hoarau Christophe
Published: July 2016

The chlorine atom at the pyridine moiety is preserved during both Pd‐catalyzed C—H functionalization reactions, allowing for late stage functionalizations at this position.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Hydroxy‐1‐phenylquinolin‐2(1H)‐one in One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrimidoquinolines and Related Compounds under Microwave Irradiation and Conventional Conditions.
Authors: Mourad Aboul‐Fetouh E. , Amer Amer A. , El‐Shaieb Kamal M. , Ali Ali M. , Aly Ashraf A.
Published: July 2016

The title compound is utilized in Biginelli condensation reactions with aryl aldehydes and urea, or thiourea, triazole, and benzimidazole.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Radical Reactions of 2‐Azido‐N‐arylacrylamides with 1‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐1,2‐benziodoxole and 1‐Azidyl‐1,2‐benziodoxole.
Authors: Yang Tonghao , Zhu Haizhen , Yu Wei
Published: July 2016

2‐Azido‐N‐arylacrylamides react with trifluoromethyl radicals and azidyl radicals, respectively, by using Togni′s reagent and Zhdankin′s reagent as radical sources via a tandem addition/cyclization process catalyzed by CuI.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Method for the Cycloaminomethylation of Glycoluril.
Authors: Wingard Leah A. , Johnson Eric C. , Sabatini Jesse J.
Published: July 2016

This optimized and cost‐efficient synthesis in aqueous medium is an improvement over previously reported synthetic methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Applications of Silyl 2‐Methylprop‐2‐ene‐1‐sulfinates in Preparative Silylation and GC‐Derivatization Reactions of Polyols and Carbohydrates.
Authors: Markovic Dean , Tchawou Wandji Augustin , Novosjolova Irina , Laclef Sylvain , Stepanovs Dmitrijs , Turks Maris , Vogel Pierre
Published: July 2016

Trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tert‐butyldimethylsilyl, and triisopropylsilyl 2‐methylprop‐2‐ene‐1‐sulfinates are prepared by Cu‐catalyzed sila‐ene reactions of methallylsilanes with SO2.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Tomentosenol A from the Leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa.
Authors: Liu Hong‐Xin , Zhang Wei‐Min , Xu Zhi‐Fang , Chen Yu‐Chan , Tan Hai‐Bo , Qiu Sheng‐Xiang
Published: July 2016

The isolation and the first total synthesis of tomentosenol A (I) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of the Tetracyclic Cyclopiane Diterpenes Conidiogenone, Conidiogenol, and Conidiogenone B.
Authors: Hou Si‐Hua , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Wang Shuang‐Hu , Xi Chao‐Chao , Zhang Fu‐Min , Wang Shao‐Hua , Li Yan‐Tao , Liu Lin
Published: July 2016

The total synthesis of the cyclopiane class tetracyclic diterpene conidiogenone B (IV) is accomplished in 25 steps involving the highly efficient construction of both ring C and the quaternary center shared by rings A and C by one‐step regioselective and diastereoselective cycloenlargement in form of a semipinacol‐type rearrangement as key feature.
ChemInform Abstract: Purely Chemical Approach for Preparation of D‐α‐Amino Acids via (S)‐to‐(R)‐Interconversion of Unprotected Tailor‐Made α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Nian Yong , Wang Jiang , Zhou Shengbin , Dai Wenhao , Wang Shuni , Moriwaki Hiroki , Kawashima Aki , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Liu Hong
Published: July 2016

A purely chemical approach for preparation of (R)‐α‐amino acids of growing biomedical and pharmaceutical importance is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Glycosidal Metabolites of Endophytic Fungus Penicillium sp. (NO.4) from Tapiscia sinensis
Authors: Wan Qiao , Feng Ziwei , Li Xueshuang , Lv Mengmeng , Guo Zhiyong , Deng Zhangshuang , Zou Kun
Published: July 2016

isolation, structure elucidation, cytotoxic as well as antimicrobial activities
ChemInform Abstract: New Bioactive Metabolites from Penicillium purpurogenum MM.
Authors: Shaaban Mohamed , El‐Metwally Mohammad Magdy , Laatsch Hartmut
Published: July 2016

isolation, structure elucidation, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the three new metabolites (I)‐(III)
ChemInform Abstract: Morphological Evolution of Prussian Yellow Fe[Fe(CN)6] Colloidal Nanospheres.
Authors: Gu Jianmin , Fu Shaoyan , Jin Cuihong , Liu Xin , Gao Yahui , Wu Jingxiao , Bian Zhenpan , Tian Hua , Wang Lin , Gao Faming
Published: July 2016

Fe[Fe(CN)6] nanostructures with controllable morphologies are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous mixtures of K3[Fe(CN)6, Na2HPO4 or NaH2PO4, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (autoclave, 140 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Hexagonal RMnO3: A Model System for Two‐dimensional Triangular Lattice Antiferromagnets
Authors: Sim Hasung , Oh Joosung , Jeong Jaehong , Le Manh Duc , Park Je‐Geun
Published: July 2016

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Understanding Palladium Acetate from a User Perspective
Authors: Carole William A. , Colacot Thomas J.
Published: July 2016

Review: [behavior of palladium acetate with respect to its synthesis, characterization, structure (in both solution and solid state) and activation pathways; 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization Mechanisms in the Biosynthesis of Ribosomally Synthesized and Post‐Translationally Modified Peptides
Authors: Truman Andrew W.
Published: July 2016

Review: [164 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reactions: A Simple and Efficient Route to Heterocyclic Phosphonates
Authors: Haji Mohammad
Published: July 2016

Review: [102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed (sp2) C—H Bond Functionalization by C—C Bond Formation
Authors: Li Bin , Dixneuf Pierre H.
Published: July 2016

Review: 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: π‐Conjugated Carbocycles and Heterocycles via Annulation Through C—H and X—Y Activation Across CC Triple Bonds
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshinori , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Arumugam Natarajan , Kumar Raju Suresh
Published: July 2016

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Access to a Privileged Library of Six Membered Nitrogenous Heterocycles Through Multi‐Component Cascade Approach
Authors: Khan Imtiaz , Ibrar Aliya , Abbas Naeem , Saeed Aamer
Published: July 2016

Review: 174 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Undirected, Homogeneous C—H Bond Functionalization: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Hartwig John F. , Larsen Matthew A.
Published: July 2016

Review: 144 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Design in Gold Catalysis and Chemistry of Gold‐Oxonium Intermediates
Authors: Malhotra Deepika , Hammond Gerald B. , Xu Bo
Published: July 2016

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyoxometalate‐Based Ionic Liquids‐Promoted CO2 Conversion
Authors: Wang Mei‐Yan , Ma Ran , He Liang‐Nian
Published: July 2016

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation with Diaryliodonium Salts
Authors: Lee Anna
Published: July 2016

Review: [15 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From Glycals to Aminosugars: A Challenging Test for New Stereoselective Aminohydroxylation and Related Methodologies
Authors: Mirabella S. , Cardona F. , Goti A.
Published: July 2016

Review: [89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonylations of Alkenes in the Total Synthesis of Natural Compounds
Authors: Gehrtz Paul H. , Hirschbeck Vera , Ciszek Benjamin , Fleischer Ivana
Published: July 2016

Review: [121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Meerwein Arylation Chemistry
Authors: Kindt Stephanie , Heinrich Markus R.
Published: July 2016

Review: [80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Diquinanes, Hydrindanes, and Decalins Bearing a Hydroxyl Group at the Ring Junction
Authors: Heinrich Clement F. , Peter Clovis , Miesch Laurence , Geoffroy Philippe , Miesch Michel
Published: July 2016

Review: [30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalysis Using SOMO Activation
Authors: Meciarova Maria , Tisovsk� Pavol , Sebesta Radovan
Published: July 2016

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Glucose‐Sensitive Polymer Nanoparticles for Self‐Regulated Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhao Li , Xiao Chunsheng , Wang Liyan , Gai Guangqing , Ding Jianxun
Published: July 2016

Review: 128 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Research Advances in Deriving Renewable Energy from Biomass in Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Zhang Yuan‐kai , Liu Xiu‐hong , Liu Xiao‐wei , Zha Yi‐fei , Xu Xiang‐long , Ren Zheng‐guang , Jiang Hang‐cheng , Wang Hong‐chen
Published: July 2016

Review: 161 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: First‐Principles Studies of Multiferroic and Magnetoelectric Materials
Authors: Fang Yue‐Wen , Ding Hang‐Chen , Tong Wen‐Yi , Zhu Wan‐Jiao , Shen Xin , Gong Shi‐Jing , Wan Xian‐Gang , Duan Chun‐Gang
Published: July 2016

Review: 293 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral NMR Solvating Additives for Differentiation of Enantiomers
Authors: Uccello‐Barretta Gloria , Balzano Federica
Published: July 2016

Review: 276 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State 17O NMR Studies of Organic and Biological Molecules: Recent Advances and Future Directions
Authors: Wu Gang
Published: July 2016

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Studies on Mannich Bases of 2‐Hydroxy‐3,4,5,6‐tetrachlorobenzene. An UV, IR, NMR and DFT Study. A Mini‐Review
Authors: Hansen Poul Erik , Spanget‐Larsen Jens
Published: July 2016

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Environmental NMR: Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy Methods
Authors: Zheng Gang , Price William S.
Published: July 2016

Review: 82 refs.
Mechanical properties of pentaerythritol tetranitrate(PETN) single crystals from nano‐indentation: Depth dependent response at the nano meter scale
Authors: Zhai Meiyu , McKenna Gregory B.
Published: July 2016

The current work presents the results from an investigation of the mechanical behavior of single crystals of the energetic material pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) using a nano‐indentation technique. The indentation tests have been performed on the maximum growth habit face (110) of the PETN, using a spherical, Berkovich and an anisometric (wedge‐shaped) tip. The load displacement curves along with analysis have been used to extract the mechanical properties and identify the anisotropic indentation modulus for the PETN. The indentation moduli of the PETN single crystal were found to decrease as indentation depth increases and become independent of indentation depth for depths greater than 200 nm for the spherical indenter and 300 nm for the anisometric wedge indenter and Berkovich tip. The indentation modulus obtained from spherical tip indentation is compared with the results calculated by using literature values of the elastic constants. The wedge indenter measurements and Berkovich indentation at various tip orientations are different due to the anisotropy of the PETN. The yield behaviors of the PETN single crystal were also explored using both spherical and wedge tip indentation and the differences are discussed.
Polychromatic flow cytometry is more sensitive than microscopy in detecting small monoclonal plasma cell populations
Authors: Tran Daniel N. , Smith Sandy A. B. C. , Brown David A. , Parker Andrew J. C. , Joseph Joanne E. , Armstrong Nicola , Sewell William A.
Published: July 2016

Background

There is an emerging role for flow cytometry (FC) in the assessment of small populations of plasma cells (PC). However, FC's utility has been questioned due to consistent underestimation of the percentage of PC compared to microscopy.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed on bone marrow samples analysed by 8‐colour FC. Plasma cell populations were classified as polyclonal or monoclonal based on FC analysis. FC findings were compared with microscopy of aspirates, histology and immunohistochemistry of trephine biopsies, and immunofixation (IFX) of serum and/or urine.

Results

FC underestimated PC compared to aspirate and trephine microscopy. The 10% diagnostic cutoff for MM on aspirate microscopy corresponded to a 3.5% cutoff on FC. Abnormal plasma cell morphology by aspirate microscopy and clonality by FC correlated in 229 of 294 cases (78%). However, in 50 cases, FC demonstrated a monoclonal population but microscopy reported no abnormality. In 15 cases, abnormalities were reported by microscopy but not by FC. Clonality assessment by trephine microscopy and FC agreed in 251/280 cases (90%), but all 29 discordant cases were monoclonal by FC and not monoclonal by microscopy. These cases had fewer PC and proportionally more polyclonal PC, and when IFX detected a paraprotein, it had the same light chain as in the PC determined by FC.

Conclusions

FC was more sensitive in detecting monoclonal populations that were small or accompanied by polyclonal PC. This study supports the inclusion of FC in the evaluation of PC, especially in the assessment of small populations. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Prognostic implications of mitral regurgitation in patients after cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Cipriani Manlio , Lunati Maurizio , Landolina Maurizio , Proclemer Alessandro , Boriani Giuseppe , Ricci Renato P. , Rordorf Roberto , Matassini Maria Vittoria , Padeletti Luigi , Iacopino Saverio , Molon Giulio , Perego Giovanni B. , Gasparini Maurizio ,   on behalf of the Italian ClinicalService Project Investigators
Published: July 2016

Aim

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common finding in patients with heart failure with debatable effects on prognosis. Reduction in MR is one of the mechanisms by which cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) exerts its beneficial effects. We investigated the prognostic impact of baseline MR and MR persistence after CRT on outcomes of treated patients.

Methods and results

We prospectively followed 1122 CRT patients (66.4 ± 10.3 years, 78% male) who were stratified according to baseline MR severity as having MR− (degree 0–1; n = 508, 45%) or MR+ (degrees 2–3–4; n = 614, 55%). In 916 patients (82%) with MR severity data available at 1‐year follow‐up, the annual mortality rate was 3.4 and 6.0 per patient‐year in the MR− and MR+ group, respectively, with a 1‐year incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 1.76 (P < 0.001). Similar results were observed for cardiovascular mortality (1‐year IRR 1.72, P = 0.002). When considering survival according to MR severity after CRT, all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality were lower in the improved than in the worsened group (1‐year IRR 1.87 and 2.33, respectively; both P < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that absence of MR improvement at follow‐up was a significant independent predictor of both all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality.

Conclusions

Baseline significant MR and absence of MR improvement after CRT are strongly predictive of less favourable long‐term survival.
Design and Photophysical Studies of Acridine‐Based RuII Complexes for Applications as DNA Photoprobes
Authors: Deraedt Quentin , Marcélis Lionel , Auvray Thomas , Hanan Garry S. , Loiseau Frédérique , Elias Benjamin
Published: July 2016

A series of new extended planar aromatic ligands based on an acridine core (dpac = dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]acridine; dpacF2 = 7,8‐difluorodipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]acridine; dpacF4 = 6,7,8,9‐tetrafluorodipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]acridine) and their respective RuII complexes were synthesized and extensively studied. The photophysical and theoretical studies revealed that Ru‐DPAC and Ru‐DPACF2 allow emission from a 3MLCTphen/dpac excited state at 597 and 604 nm, respectively, whereas the lowest excited state for Ru‐DPACF4 shifts from a bright 3MLCTphen/dpac state towards a poorly luminescent 3MLCTdpac state (λem = 609 nm) owing to the formation of hydrogen bonds with water molecules in the excited state. These complexes exhibit up to sevenfold luminescence enhancement in the presence of complementary and mismatched DNA, demonstrating a strong binding to polynucleotides. The results emphasize the interest in RuII complexes bearing acridine derivatives as DNA interacting agents as a complement to the well‐known phenazine‐based derivatives.
AgI‐Promoted Cascade for Difluoromethylation of Activated Alkenes to Difluoromethylated Oxindoles
Authors: Wang Xinglu , Wan Wen , Chen Yunrong , Li Jialiang , Jiang Haizhen , Wang Yong , Deng Hongmei , Hao Jian
Published: July 2016

A simple AgI‐mediated direct difluoromethylation reaction of activated alkenes by using TMSCF2COOEt (TMS = trimethylsilyl) under mild reaction conditions has been described. This reaction tolerates a variety of functional groups and allows for a highly efficient synthesis of various difluoro‐containing oxindoles. Mechanistic investigations indicate that a difluoromethyl radical initiated the cascade sequence by undergoing an addition reaction to the alkene.
Supported IrxRu1–xO2 Anode Catalysts for PEM‐Water Electrolysis
Authors: Baumann N. , Cremers C. , Pinkwart K. , Tübke J.
Published: July 2016

Since PEM‐water electrolysis (PEMWE) produces very pure H2, reacts fast and well to dynamic load conditions and is technologically simple, it could play a large role in a future hydrogen economy. One way to alleviate the drawback of expensive noble metal catalysts is to disperse the active component on a support. Tungsten oxide and tungsten carbide were investigated here comparing different synthesis routes. Adam's fusion and hydrolysis route with the addition of support during different stages of the synthesis and mechanical mixing of catalyst and support were investigated and compared. Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) measurements show high currents for mechanically mixed samples and samples obtained via hydrolysis with a WO3 precursor. Single cell tests confirm catalyst activity and stability. Further studies are needed to completely understand catalyst behavior, especially fast activity loss during RDE.
Neuropsychiatric subsyndromes and brain metabolic network dysfunctions in early onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ballarini Tommaso , Iaccarino Leonardo , Magnani Giuseppe , Ayakta Nagehan , Miller Bruce L. , Jagust William J. , Gorno‐Tempini Maria Luisa , Rabinovici Gil D. , Perani Daniela
Published: July 2016

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) often occur in early‐age‐of‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and cluster into sub‐syndromes (SSy). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between 18F‐FDG‐PET regional and connectivity‐based brain metabolic dysfunctions and neuropsychiatric SSy. NPSs were assessed in 27 EOAD using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and further clustered into four SSy (apathetic, hyperactivity, affective, and psychotic SSy). Eighty‐five percent of EOAD showed at least one NPS. Voxel‐wise correlations between SSy scores and brain glucose metabolism (assessed with 18F‐FDG positron emission tomography) were studied. Interregional correlation analysis was used to explore metabolic connectivity in the salience (aSN) and default mode networks (DMN) in a larger sample of EOAD (N = 51) and Healthy Controls (N = 57). The apathetic, hyperactivity, and affective SSy were highly prevalent (>60%) as compared to the psychotic SSy (33%). The hyperactivity SSy scores were associated with increase of glucose metabolism in frontal and limbic structures, implicated in behavioral control. A comparable positive correlation with part of the same network was found for the affective SSy scores. On the other hand, the apathetic SSy scores were negatively correlated with metabolism in the bilateral orbitofrontal and dorsolateral frontal cortex known to be involved in motivation and decision‐making processes. Consistent with these SSy regional correlations with brain metabolic dysfunction, the connectivity analysis showed increases in the aSN and decreases in the DMN. Behavioral abnormalities in EOAD are associated with specific dysfunctional changes in brain metabolic activity, in particular in the aSN that seems to play a crucial role in NPSs in EOAD. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4234–4247, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional topography of the right inferior parietal lobule structured by anatomical connectivity profiles
Authors: Wang Jiaojian , Zhang Jinfeng , Rong Menglin , Wei Xuehu , Zheng Dingchen , Fox Peter T. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Jiang Tianzi
Published: July 2016

The nature of the relationship between structure and function is a fundamental question in neuroscience, especially at the macroscopic neuroimaging level. Although mounting studies have revealed that functional connectivity reflects structural connectivity, whether similar structural and functional connectivity patterns can reveal corresponding similarities in the structural and functional topography remains an open problem. In our current study, we used the right inferior parietal lobule (RIPL), which has been demonstrated to have similar anatomical and functional connectivity patterns at the subregional level, to directly test the hypothesis that similar structural and functional connectivity patterns can inform the corresponding topography of this area. In addition, since the association between the RIPL regions and particular functions and networks is still largely unknown, post‐hoc functional characterizations and connectivity analyses were performed to identify the main functions and cortical networks in which each subregion participated. Anatomical and functional connectivity‐based parcellations of the RIPL have consistently identified five subregions. Our functional characterization using meta‐analysis‐based behavioral and connectivity analyses revealed that the two anterior subregions (Cl1 and Cl2) primarily participate in interoception and execution, respectively; whereas the posterior subregion (Cl3) in the SMG primarily participates in attention and action inhibition. The two posterior subregions (Cl4, Cl5) in the AG were primarily involved in social cognition and spatial cognition, respectively. These results indicated that similar anatomical and functional connectivity patterns of the RIPL are reflected in corresponding structural and functional topographies. The identified cortical connectivity and functional characterization of each subregion may facilitate RIPL‐related clinical research. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4316–4332, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BAG3 Protein Is Over‐Expressed in Endometrioid Endometrial Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Esposito Veronica , Baldi Carlo , Zeppa Pio , Festa Michelina , Guerriero Luana , d'Avenia Morena , Chetta Massimiliano , Zullo Fulvio , De Laurenzi Vincenzo , Turco Maria Caterina , Rosati Alessandra , Guida Maurizio
Published: July 2016

Endometrioid endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological tumor in developed countries, and its incidence is increasing. The definition of subtypes, based on clinical and endocrine features or on histopathological characteristics, correlate to some extent with patient's prognosis, but there is substantial heterogeneity within tumor types. The search for molecules and mechanisms implied in determining the progression and the response to therapy for this cancer is still ongoing. BAG3 protein, a member of BAG family of co‐chaperones, has a pro‐survival role in several tumor types. BAG3 anti‐apoptotic properties rely on its characteristic to bind several intracellular partners, thereby, modulating crucial events such as apoptosis, differentiation, cell motility, and autophagy. BAG3 expression in human endometrial cancer tissues was not investigated so far. Here, we show that BAG3 protein levels are elevated in tumoral and hyperplastic cells in respect to normal glands. Furthermore, BAG3 subcellular localization appears to be changed in tumoral compared to normal cells. Our results indicate a possible role for BAG3 protein in the maintenance of cell survival in endometrioid endometrial cancer and suggest that this field of studies is worthy of further investigations. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 309–311, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Observation of Confinement‐Induced Self‐Poling Effects in Ferroelectric Polymer Nanowires Grown by Template Wetting
Authors: Whiter Richard A. , Calahorra Yonatan , Ou Canlin , Kar‐Narayan Sohini
Published: July 2016

Ferroelectric polymer nanowires grown using a template‐wetting method are shown to achieve an orientated “self‐poled” structure resulting from the confined growth process. Self‐poling is highly desirable as it negates the need for high electric fields, mechanical stretching, and/or high temperatures typically associated with poling treatments in ferroelectric polymers, as required for piezoelectric and/or pyroelectric applications. Here, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, and dielectric permittivity measurements have been presented on as‐fabricated template‐grown polyvinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene nanowires, and quantitatively compared with spin‐cast films of the same composition that have been electrically poled, both before and after subsequent depoling temperature treatment. The measurements reveal remarkably similar trends between the physical properties of the as‐grown nanowires and the electrically poled film samples, providing insight into the material structure of the “self‐poled” nanowires. In addition, piezoresponse force microscopy data are presented that allow for unambiguous identification of self‐poling in ferroelectric polymer nanostructures. Our results indicate the suitability of the template‐wetting approach in fabricating nanowires that can be used directly for piezoelectric/pyroelectric applications, without the need for post‐deposition poling/processing.

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How to do comparative dynamics on the back of an envelope for open‐loop Nash equilibria in differential game theory
Authors: Caputo Michael R. , Ling Chen
Published: July 2016

The primal‐dual comparative statics method of Samuelson (1965) and Silberberg (1974) is extended to cover the class of non‐autonomous, finite horizon differential games in which a locally differentiable open‐loop Nash equilibrium exists. In doing so, not only is a one‐line proof of an envelope theorem provided but also the heretofore unknown intrinrsic comparative dynamics of open‐loop Nash equilibria are uncovered. The intrinsic comparative dynamics are shown to be contained in a symmetric and negative semidefinite matrix that is subject to constraint. The results are applied to a canonical differential game in capital theory, and the resulting comparative dynamics are given an economic interpretation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zoledronate as effective treatment for minimal trauma fractures in a child with STAT3 deficiency and osteonecrosis of the hip
Authors: Staines Boone Aidé Tamara , Alcántara‐Montiel Julio César , Sánchez‐Sánchez Luz María , Arce‐Cano Marina , García‐Campos Jorge , Lugo Reyes Saúl Oswaldo
Published: July 2016

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) deficiency is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by eczema, complicated recurrent infections, elevated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), osteopenia, and minimal trauma fractures. Zoledronic acid (ZA) is a long‐acting bisphosphonate that has been successfully used in children with secondary osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta. We describe the case of a 7‐year‐old male with STAT3 deficiency and minimal trauma fractures, who also developed osteonecrosis of the hip. He responded well to intravenous ZA every 6 months for 18 months. Three years later, he walks independently and unaided, and has not suffered any other fractures. Although more studies are needed, ZA might help reduce minimal trauma fractures in patients with STAT3 deficiency.
Pro‐insecticidal approach towards increasing in planta activity
Authors: Creemer Lawrence C , Giampietro Natalie C , Lambert William , Yap Maurice C , deBoer Gerrit J , Adelfinskaya Yelena , Castetter Scott , Wessels Frank J
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND

The adrenergic mode of action was investigated for the development of potential new insecticides. Clonidine‐related analogs were tested against Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Clonidine analogs lack translation owing to a possible vacuole‐trapping mechanism. Physical property modulation via a prodrug approach was attempted to overcome this mechanism.

RESULTS

Clonidine showed insecticidal activity against M. persicae and B. tabaci. A prodrug of a known open‐chain analog of clonidine was developed. While the prodrug had decreased pKa and increased lipophilicity and displayed good activity against M. persicae B. tabaci, the activity did not translate to cotton. Metabolic studies showed that the prodrug was quickly metabolized to the parent compound, and was further metabolized to a known vacuole‐trapped oxazoline analog.

CONCLUSIONS

Adrenergic active compounds, such as clonidine analogs, show potential as insecticides; however, a designed prodrug approach did not overcome the lack of translation in this case. Studies confirmed that the synthesized prodrug analog metabolized in planta to the proposed vacuole‐trapped compound. One possible explanation for the failure of this approach is that the rate of metabolism and vacuole trapping is faster than translaminar flow, and therefore the released pesticide is not biologically available to the target organism. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigation of lightning tripouts on 150‐kV transmission lines in West Sumatra in Indonesia
Authors: Warmi Yusreni , Michishita Koji
Published: July 2016

Lightning activity in Indonesia is very high, and the ratio of lightning tripouts of the transmission line is also very high, reaching 66%. The results of our investigation show that a positive correlation exists between the number of lightning tripouts on a 150‐kV transmission line and the tower‐footing resistance and that the main cause of the tripouts is the back‐flashover. Moreover, it turns out that the flashover at the lower arm increases in case of high tower‐footing resistance. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.