bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new speech cryptosystem using DNA encoding, genetic and RSA algorithms
Authors: F.Yousif Sura
Published: July 2024

A new system for speech signals encryption and decryption based on the combination of three different encryption techniques which are Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) , Genetic and RSA algorithms is presented in this work. Initially, the one dimensional speech signal is divided to three equal blocks. Secondly, DCT is applied to each block to obtain coefficients of speech samples. Thirdly, each block of speech samples coefficients is encrypted using different encryption method, DNA encoding for the first block whereas Genetic algorithm and RSA algorithm are applied to the second and last blocks respectively. Finally, the three encrypted blocks are combined together to produce ciphered speech signal ready for transmission. The presented speech cryptosystem is implemented and its performance is assessed via different speech encryption and decryption quality criterions and for various speech signals. The results of experiments and comparison prove that the presented algorithm achieves good results for both encryption and decryption and it has the ability to withstand various cryptographic attacks effectively. Further, several kinds of analysis have been performed on the proposed scheme like SNR, PSNR, Correlation Coefficient, NPCR and UACI which are reach to -61.4085 dB, 6.0671 dB, 0.00031683, 99.96 % and 37.2940 % respectively. All these tests reveal that the presented cryptosystem is appropriate to be applied in communication systems for secure real time speech encryption and decryption applications.Â Â Â
Techno-economic Analysis on Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System (GCPV) in Mersing, Johor, Malaysia using Homer Simulation
Authors: Sufian bin Ramli Mohd , Sufiah bte Abd Wahid Siti , Amalina binti Zakaria Noor , Najihah binti Abu  Bakar Nur , Kamarudin bin Hasan Khairul , Azeehan binti Azli Shakira
Published: July 2024

Power generation relies heavily on fossil fuels such as coal, crude oil and natural gas to produce electricity. Fossil fuels are non-renewable which will eventually dwindle becoming too expensive. Therefore world nowadays are going towards sustainable renewable energy that are constantly replenished and will never run out. Malaysia also has introduced Feed-In Tariff (FiT) in order to promote and encourage consumer to shift towards renewable energy. Among all renewable energies available in Malaysia, solar photovoltaic (PV) is seen to be the most promising renewable energy in Malaysia. This paper presents the techno-economic analysis of a grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) system installation for a house in Mersing, Johor, Malaysia.Â  Techno-economic feasibility study is done using HOMER software. Design specifications of PV panels and inverters which include the size, type, cost and rating are selected based on the load profile and solar radiation data at Mersing. The result from GCPV system designed is the electricity export and import data obtained which then be analyzed to examine the feasibility of the system installed. FiT rates have been taken into account in the analysis. At the end of this paper, suitability of utilizing GCPV system in a house at Mersing, Johor, Malaysia has been discussed whereby the configuration with PV rating of 5kW and 5kW converter gives the optimum result with total NPC and COE of $2587 and $0.030/kWh respectively. In terms of economic analysis, with simulated payback period of 14 years, the total revenue of the optimum configuration exceeds initial capital cost with an amount of $1083 per year. Technically, 56% of electricity is generated from the PV array which equals to 6595kWh/yr. At FiT rate of RM0.7775/kWh, 33% of electricity production is sold to the grid with a total payment of RM238.24â„month.Â Â
Gamification of Educational Technology: a Narrative Review
Authors: Aldiansyah Muhamad , Amril Jaharadak Adam , . .
Published: July 2024

Student motivation and engagement are major problems in education. Gamification is one way to increase student motivation and engagement by combining game element in the educational environment. There are some empirical researches and review paper that has been conducted to give an evidence of gamification positive effect for educational technology but review papers that discuss practical suggestion have rarely been studied. This review is focused on papers that give an empirical evidence for gamification on learning in the context of narrative analysis to proposed best practices to do this research field. The study of gamification in educational technology is the basis this narrative literature review was made. Terms of search used is gamification, learning, student, engagement, motivation, and education. Gamification on e-learning that has no purpose on student motivation and engagement were excluded from the search terms. Fifteen papers were selected for review as they are relevant to the criteria. This review indicates that the use of game element has a positive influence on educational technology for the student, even there are various combinations for the chosen of learning activity, subject, game elements, method, sample size, and duration.Â Â
Performance Comparison of Zirconia, Bismuth and Silica-doped Erbium Fiber for Optical Amplification
Authors: Mohamad Sufian , Munira Markom Arni , Sidik Norbaiti , Chandra Paul Mukul , Wadi Harun Sulaiman
Published: July 2024

Zirconia-based Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (Zr-EDFA) is improved material optical fiber with more than 4000 ppm erbium-doped concentration to solve global demand for huge capacity carrying data information, high speed transmission and long haul with specific devices of compactness. Thus, the length of Zr-EDFA is only 50 cm as gain medium. At input pump power -30 dBm, the highest optical gain is 34 dB (1530 nm wavelength) whereas 21 dB (1535 nm wavelength) at -10 dBm. Besides, the flatness gain 21 dB with fluctuation of 1 dB is recorded for Zr-EDFA. For performance comparison, Bismuth-based Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (Bi-EDFA) and Silica-based Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (Si-EDFA) were also investigated.Â Â
The Effect of U-Slot Designs on The Performances of Microstrip Patch Antenna
Authors: Mohd Zain Norlina , Zairil Muhammad Nor Muhammad , Tarmizi Ali Mohd , Nur Darina Ahmad Nur , Mohd Hussain Mashitah , Faiz Zainal Abidin Amar
Published: July 2024

Slotted techniques are widely used in to enhance the performances of microstrip patch antenna. This includes enhancing their return loss, VSWR, bandwidth, directivity and other more. In this paper, the effect of different U-slot on microstrip patch antenna performances Â focusing on return loss, VSWR, bandwidth, directivity, radiation pattern and gain are highlighted. Cutting a U-shaped slot on the middle of Â patch is used to bandwidth of antenna can be enhanced. The SMA or coaxial probe is used as a feeding to this structure. A parametric study has been carried out to investigate the effect of different SMA position on symmetric U-slot, the arm length of the U-slot, and the distance between feed point and arm U-slot. The optimized antenna shows operating frequency band ranges from 2.1 â€“ 2.8 GHz. The microstrip patch antenna with U-slot was designed and simulated using CST Microwave Environment software. It can be concluded that the U-slotted microstrip patch antenna yields high bandwidth ranges from 2% - 3%.Â Â
BER Performance of Ultra-Wideband Signal in Optical Transmission Line
Authors: Gwo Chin Chung , Chu Liang Lee , Zheng Yang Lim , It Ee Lee
Published: July 2024

The main interest of ultra-wideband (UWB) system is that it can coexist with the current radio system with minimal or no interference, which indeed benefits the radio service provider to avoid paying expensive spectrum licensing fees. However, UWB system has a limited propagation distance, typically up to 10 meters. Thus, optical UWB technology has been proposed recently to overcome this problem. In this paper, Matlab simulation has been done to study the performance of the UWB signal in the optical transmission line. Bit error rate (BER) performance has been compared using minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizer with varying tap length. Results indicate that the distance of the UWB signal transmission can be extended using optical fibre as long as the sampling rate does not cause the optical multipath channel to generate too much interference.Â Â
Analysis of Research Methods in Construction Pollution Related Research Approaches
Authors: Afrina Qistina Ahmad Halmi Nur , Ismail Zulhabri , Okoroh Michael
Published: July 2024

The research method is defined as containing numerous research types, explanatory and evaluative data analysis approaches. This paper, presents a review and the analyses of prior research methods implemented to address issues that revolve around construction pollutions by observing several selected peer-reviewed journal articles. As such, 28 journal articles were selected from peer review journals published since 2000 until 2018. The journal articles were retrieved from online scholarly databases. The viability of study results is closely related to the research methods employed. As a result, the outcomes of this review indicate that qualitative research methods, such as doctrinal method, semi-structured interview, personal interview, focus groups discussion, grounded theory, and case study, are the common approaches employed in research studies. Such research techniques are deemed appropriate and reliable for implementation in future researches. In addition, a majority of researchers appear to apply the qualitative method, in comparison to the quantitative approach.Â  Thus, an effective analysis method should be able to identify the pattern of research approaches employed for non-experimental studies to address construction pollution issues. Furthermore, the findings of this study are useful for future researchers who wish to probe into the subject matter of construction pollution issues.Â Â
WMNs enabled WBANs System for Pilgrimsâ€™ Health Monitoring at Overcrowded Environment during Hajj in Saudi Arabia: a Feasibility Study
Authors: Al Masud Shah Murtaza Rashid , Ahmed Ali Ghassan
Published: July 2024

Due to the hardship of expedition, instability, overcrowded environment and fluctuation of rough weather, continuous walking, hassle and mental stress during the Hajj at Makkah in Saudi Arabia, many pilgrims get injured, sick and tired. Besides, those who are suffering from various chronic diseases may also contract severe heart, chest, abdominal, and kidney diseases along with some infectious diseases like influenza and thus complicate the overall physiological functions of the patients. Other than the problems of physical sickness and diseases due to harsh and overcrowding at ritual sites also causes numerous problems which may end with the physical injury, trauma and even death along with missing or lost pilgrims. Therefore during Hajj, it is a crucial matter and a significant challenge to ensure the best healthcare services and facilities for pilgrimsâ€™ real-time health monitoring. Wireless body area networks (WBANs) is a modern and promising healthcare technology which coverage is limited to 1-2 meters. Hence, to extend the network coverage area for WBANs at Hajj ritual sites we have proposed wireless mesh networks (WMNs) to integrate with WBANs due to its self-expandable, self-configuring and self-healing nature. In this research, an extensive literature review is conducted, and a feasibility study is performed to identify the way to transmit pilgrimsâ€™ health information to the healthcare centres by integrating WBANs with WMNs.Â Â
Face recognition using deep learning methods a review
Authors: I. Hammadi Othman , Dawah Abas Abdulkarim , Hammad Ayed Khaled
Published: July 2024

Face recognition is one of the most challenging field of image analysis and computer vision due to its wide practical applications in the areas of biometrics, information security, law enforcement and surveillance systems. It has been a topic of active research proposing solutions to several practical problems giving rise to the significant amount of research in recent times aimed at addressing the challenges of face recognition attributed to the following factors such as illumination, emotion, occlusion, facial expressions and poses, which greatly affect the performance in achieving efficient and robust face recognition systems. In this field, many researchers adopted different techniques that solely rely on extracting handcrafted features to achieve better results. Recent development in deep learning and neural networks have made it possible to achieve promising results in numerous fields including pattern recognition and image processing. Deep learning methods boost up the learning process and facilitates the data creation task. Many algorithms have been developed to use deep learning architectures to get maximum result and achieve the state-of-the art accuracy. Some algorithms design their architectures from scratch and others fine-tuned the existing models to get maximum efficiency of generalization power. Algorithm complexity, data augmentation and loss minimization are the main concern of deep learning paradigms. We have reviewed these architectures in relation to algorithm complexity and experimental results on benchmark dataset. In this paper, we presented a literature survey of latest advances in researches on machine learning for face recognition and their experimental results on public databases.Â Â
Pest identification in sugarcane crop using acoustic sensor
Authors: Durgaprasadarao P. , Srinivas M.
Published: July 2024

In the existing system, the disease in sugarcane crop is found manually. So there are more chances for loses to the farmers. Now a dayâ€™s agriculture growth is reducing because of more pollution and pest in the environment. In India most of the farmers grow sugarcane but are not getting good yields due to bugs and larvae in sugarcane. To avoid this situation, the proposed design has been developed with acoustic sensor and MQ2 sensor. In this proposed design system used aurdino for monitoring the noise and ammonium gas. So finding the problem can be simplified and can be solved easily.Â Â
A novel design of low-power reversible carry selects adder employing MPFA
Authors: M.Bommi R. , S.SelvakumarRaja Dr.
Published: July 2024

In VLSI technology, power dissipation is of major concern next to speed. Due to development in technology, the necessity of fast an efficient high performance processing units has become inevitable. The circuitry of Carry Select Adder (CSLA) promises rapid dispensation in ALU and furthermore optimization can be accomplished. The proposed work encompasses the makeup of reversible design of Carry Select Adder using Modified Peres Full Adder (MPFA) and Fredkin Gate (FG). It is observed that the proposed CSLA is area efficient and attained 70% low power dissipation. The reversible CSLA is synthesized in Xilinx environment and simulated by means of ISE simulator. The reversible CSLA proposed showed multi fold advantages in terms of area- power â€“ delay.Â
Heuristics modelling for dynamic corporate performance assessment
Authors: Perumalsamy Radhakrishnan , Natarajan Jeyanthi
Published: July 2024

A major goal of corporate performance is to maximize the shareholderâ€™s value. Corporate performance is evaluated with the help of EVA (Economic Value Added).EVA concept is employed to ascertain if the organization contributed positively to shareholderâ€™s wealth over a period of time. Efficient corporate performance management needs to capture the dynamic nature of the relevant factors occurring from multiple sources and when more number of Strategic Business Units(SBU) are involved , the complexity of the problem increases in the process. In this paper, an innovative heuristic methodology is proposed to generate necessary analytics to assess emerging corporate performance levels subject to the risk environment the company is operating in and to take appropriate mitigation measures to overcome inferior corporate performance.Â Â
The effects of advertiser-web site congruity on the responses to advertising and the mediating role of emotions
Authors: Mermari Houda , Bahoussa Abdelaziz
Published: July 2024

This exploratory research aims to study how the effect of perceived congruence between advertising and the website, in the online context, affects the attitudes of Moroccan Internet users (consumers) and consequently their behavior towards advertisers and publishers. The goal, more specifically, is to identify the effect of congruence and incongruence between advertising and its context (support) on advertising responses in order to better understand which approach is most effective in our context. And also identify the factors that interact in this relationship. Through an experiment, we explored the field. The results are presented and commented on in this article.Â
Vibration effect on the corrosion rate of crude oil pipeline
Authors: Hadi Jasim Haider
Published: July 2024

In this paper, evaluation the influence of vibration on the corrosion rate of API 5L X60 and API 5L X80 carbon steel pipelines used for delivering of crude oils. A grouped of equipment are constructed laboratory and then used in the vibration-immersion corrosion test. The experimental results demonstrated that the vibration effects on crude oil properties and contribute to the dissociation of components of crude oils essentially water, dissolved gases and asphalt which leads to increase the corrosion rates compared to static case. The vibration process effect on the material compositions, i.e., the vibration effect on bonds between atoms of metal which leads to reduces of resistances of material to corrosion process.Â
The effect of efficiency measurement to the improvement of maintenance productivity
Authors: Rizlan Wardah , Hadi Purba Humiras , . Hasbullah , . Saryanto , Nasir Mohamad , Aisyah Siti
Published: July 2024

Industrial revolution from manual process to automation, digital, integrated between system make changing of demand on the performance of machinery or equipment. Efficiency and productivity are no longer calculated based on the output generated by the operators working in a process. Efficiency and productivity are calculated from the output of a machine or process that is integrated automatically. The need for regular maintenance of machinery or equipment is one of the main needs of manufacturing. In addition, the need for maintenance work is also a major concern. Performance of maintenance is not only measured from OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) but also measured by the efficiency of their activity. Identification of Non Added Value (NVA) activity related to maintenance activity should be done to see improvement opportunities. In the end of investigation, we can increase efficiency from 20.4% to 49,5% by reduce NVA activity. From data of efficiency, we can calculate the number of maintenance personnel required, from 6 people to 4 people. This research to avoid shortage or excess man power resulting and impacted to decreased of efficiency and productivity for both the machine and the maintenance itself.Â Â
Wavelet transform based compression of electric signal waveforms for smart grid applications
Authors: Karthika S. , P.Rathika Dr.
Published: July 2024

With the advent of smart grid concept a massive wide variety of measurement devices and smart monitors are to be deployed in the distribution network to allow broad observability and real time monitoring of the behavior of power system. The volume of data generated by the smart monitors and measurement devices are a tough challenge for storage, computation and transmission through the power Â Â system. As a result, the complexity of the power system increases tremendously. In order to increase the robustness of the power system data compression techniques are evolved, that aims to improve the efficiency of the data transmission and to reduce the storage issues. In the current work, to reduce the issues of data transmission and volume of data in power system, an efficient wavelet transform based data compression is introduced. The compression technique is performed through signal decomposition, thresholding of wavelet transform coefficients and signal reconstruction. The proposed technique is applied for Electric signals with disturbances. Simulation results are compared with the conventional discrete cosine transform. It is observed that the proposed data compression technique yields high compression ratio and also this technique can efficiently reconstruct the original signal.Â
Data integrity proof and secure computation based on elgamal algorithm and iris extraction in cloud storage
Authors: H. Abbdal Refish Salah
Published: July 2024

Storage servers may not be fully trusted in cloud storage. So, it is of critical importance for users to check whether the data stored are kept intact or not. In this paper, an efficient and secure integrity checking method based on iris feature extraction and Elgamal algorithm is presented. This method gives the cloud users more confidence in detecting any block that has been modified. Additionally, the proposed scheme supports data dynamics by employing Merkle Hash Tree (MHT), which is used to store the location of each data operation. Data dynamics include such data operations as block modification, insertion, and deletion. With the proposed method, provable data possession and remote integrity checking under secure computation are provided. The performance and security analysis show that the scheme is secure and can be practically used for cloud environments.Â Â
Design of low-cost and high-speed portable two-dimensional electrical impedance tomography (EIT)
Authors: Aris Widodo , . Endarko
Published: July 2024

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive of biomedical imaging technique that used constant electric current as a signal modality. The main proposed study was to design two-dimensional EIT system that could support high speed for detection of anomalies inside the practical phantom and has a low cost in fabrication. High-speed portable two-dimensional EIT has been successfully designed and fabricated to generate a reconstructed image from data acquisition in the practical phantom with 16 electrodes. The manufactured EIT equipped with a 7-inch screen as monitoring display, Raspberry Pi 3 Model B and Arduino Uno as controlling and processing units. The system was also used Gauss-newton method for image reconstruction that using Phyton programming which embedded into Raspberry Pi 3 Model B. The results showed that the portable EIT system produced a high-speed data acquisition and image reconstruction with a process is less than 7 seconds. The manufactured EIT revealed that the system had a potential application for medical imaging.Â Â Â
Adaptation disorders found among students of higher educational institutions of specialties of marine and river transport in the conditions of long-term sailing
Authors: R.P Shevchenko
Published: July 2024

In article the analysis is carried out of features of disorders of adaptation capabilities found among students of higher educational institutions of specialties of marine and river transport. On the basis of the conducted research comparative characteristic of features of violations of adaptation at junior students and senior students who have undergone floating practice in a long voyage (over 3 months) is given. An approach in development of psychocorrectional actions in groups of a research taking into account clinical and a pathopsychological features is offered.Â Â
Robust image watermarking based on QR factorization and LWT
Authors: M. Abduldaim Areej , Qasim Hamid Mohammed
Published: July 2024

Personal information needs to be safely transmitted over the internet and addressed effectively. Robust watermarking of biometric patterns is a convenient technique used to increase security and data authentication, which is decisive due to the uniqueness of some types of watermark images. Biometrics like fingerprints, voice, retina, iris, and blood vessel tree are being increasingly utilized for affirmative identification since they cannot be mislaid or forgotten and represent perceptible components. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of linear algebra, any digital image can be expressed by a matrix consists of a non-negative number of scalars. The objective of this paper is to intro-duce a newfangled blind watermarking algorithm using matrix decomposition method named QR. The application and analysis of the QR Matrix decomposition technique illustrate its impact on each block of the LH2 subband in the frequency domain that represents the output of two-level LWT (Lifting Wavelet Transform). The experimental results display that the newly proposed mechanism is secure and imperceptible. The final conclusion shows that the proposed method can get better PSNRs and that the proposed algorithm fulfills better watermark imperceptibility and robustness beneath different attacks.Â Â Â
An integrated multi layers approach for detecting unknown malware behaviours
Authors: Imad Wajeeh AL-Shahwani Humam , Mohamed Yassin Warusia , Zainalabidin Zaheera , Rasheed Mohammed
Published: July 2024

Malware represents one of the dangerous threats to computer security. Dynamic analysis has difficulties in detecting unknown malware. This paper developed an integrated multi â€“ layer detection approach to provide more accuracy in detecting malware. User interface integrated with Virus Total was designed as a first layer which represented a warning system for malware infection, Malware data base within malware samples as a second layer, Cuckoo as a third layer, Bull guard as a fourth layer and IDA pro as a fifth layer. The results showed that the use of fifth layers was better than the use of a single detector without merging. For example, the efficiency of the proposed approach is 100% compared with 18% and 63% of Virus Total and Bellegarde respectively.Â Â
Demand response programs in smart grids â€“ survey
Authors: H. Al-Kharsan Ibrahim , Z. Ghazi Zahid Ali , F.Marhoon Ali. , Radhi  Mahmood Jawad
Published: July 2024

The smart grid in this century has an essential role in changing the philosophy of the electrical power engineering. In the past, the generation must be equal to the demand under any situation but with the introduction of the non-conventional grids everything is changed, and the customers should consume energy in the same amount to what already generated from the generation units. The tool to achieve all that is the demand response (DR) strategy. DR can alter the consumption pattern of the consumers to make it flatting instead of the sharp curves that lead to additional costs coming from the increasing generating in the periods of the peaks in the load curve. In this paper, the demand response programs listed and discussed with an indication to the documents that deal with each type.Â Â
Supervised AFRC (Ada boost fast regression) machine learning algorithm for enhancing performance of intrusion detection system
Authors: Jain Abhishek , Khushboo Tripathi Dr.
Published: July 2024

In recent wireless network play critical role in every activity of human life. This wireless network process sensitive data network communication requires appropriate cyber security. In order to offer cyber security in computer network antivirus, user authentication schemes, firewalls and access control techniques has been developed to detect abnormal activities and potential attacks in computer network. To ensure security Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is designed for network security. In this paper proposed a Adaboost Fast Regression Classifier for attack or malicious activity detection in IDS system. For analysis in this research used CICIDS 2017 dataset the main advantage of this dataset is redundant data are minimal hence accuracy of malicious detection is increased. Collected dataset is fed into MATLAB and evaluated with proposed AFRC mechanism. In proposed AFRC scheme AdaBoost classifier and regression classifier are combined for attack identification and classification. Comparative analysis of proposed AFRC scheme with existing approach exhibits significant performance in terms of attack identification with reduced computational cost.Â Â Â
Secure login technique for online banking
Authors: Yaseen Khudhur Doaa , Al-Khateeb Belal , Amjed Saeed Hadeel
Published: July 2024

In recent years, there are many authentication protocols that are used in the accessing of the sensitive and private data. However most of those methods have many weaknesses by which data can be extracted and used by unauthorized people this due to the use of a one level authentication that may face many attacks. This paper presents an authentication method that involves three levels of user authentication; the first two levels use two level passwords authentication together with a Personal Identification Number (third level) for every operation in Electronic Banking system. Hash functions -Secure Hash Algorithms- and Cyclic Redundancy check (32) for the generations of Personal Identification Number are used. This system eliminates the problem that is related with single level password authentication system and improves the security by using Personal Identification Number.Â
Formability characterization of aluminium AA6082-O sheet metal by uniaxial tension and Erichsen cupping tests
Authors: T. Nghishiyeleke Eliaser , M. Mashingaidze Melvin , A. Ogunmokun Adedayo
Published: July 2024

AA6082 is a relatively new structural alloy in the 6000 aluminium alloy series. This study evaluated the deep drawability of AA6082-O sheet metal. Uniaxial Tensile tests were conducted on specimens prepared according to DIN 50125-E standard, for three angular orienta-tions (0â°, 45â°, and 90â°) relative to the rolling direction. Erichsen Cupping tests were conducted on 60 mm Ã— 60 mm blanks of two gauge thicknesses (1.0 mm and 2.0 mm) and also on segmented blanks. A WP 300 Universal Material Tester, with a loading capacity of 20 kN, was used for all the tests. The Tensile Strength was higher in the rolling direction (0â°) than in the transverse orientations (45â° and 90â°). The resultant Forming Limit Curve (FLC) level of the established Forming Limit Diagrams (FLDs) was higher for the 2.0 mm thick blanks than the 1.0 mm thick blanks. Thus the alloyâ€™s formability is affected by the sheet thickness and orientation. It increases with sheet thickness, but the alloy exhibits planar anisotropy (âˆ†r<0). AA6082 sheet fractures with no observable necking under uniaxial tension conditions, and exhibits non-uniform yielding characteristics. However, the general stress-strain behaviour is typical of that of the aluminium 6000 alloy series.Â Â
Congestion Management by Optimal Generation Rescheduling Using Sine Cosine Algorithm
Authors: Kumar Tailor Tarun , Kumar Yogendra , Dubey Manisha
Published: July 2024

Under deregulated market environment, technically efficient and cost-effective operation of the power system becomes imperative. Congestion in transmission lines is one among key facet dealt by network operator as it greatly affects the operation of power system. This paper intends to manage power network congestion by means of rescheduling real power generation. Sensitivity analysis has been carried out to select the generators for rescheduling real power generation. In order to improve the economic efficiency of the electrical power market, an attempt is made to minimize the congestion cost. Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) has been employed to solve the considered problem. The viability of the considered method has been investigated by implementing it on the modified IEEE 57-bus test system. To confirm the efficacy of employed algorithm obtained results are compared with those available in the literature. The results illustrate that considered approach offers improved results and effectively minimizes congestion cost.Â Â Â
The development of approximation theory and some proposed applications
Authors: Saad Al-Muhja Malik , Misiran Masnita , Omar Zurni
Published: July 2024

In this survey article, we review the early history of approximation theorem that was introduced by Weierstrass in the late 18th century, together with its extension works. We also propose some applicable scenarios that best fit this theory. Such applications include the kinetics conditions related to manual and automatic vehicle transmission by using convex function, and the theory of calculating deviations of eyeâ€™s layers (normal vision, hyperopia and myopia) in some patients by using monotone function.Â Â Â Â
Fuzzy MCDM methods application in radio resource management for modern communication systems
Authors: M. Alkhawlani Mohammed
Published: July 2024

Fuzzy MCDM methods are a hybrid multi criteria decision making systems where the advantages for both fuzzy logic theory and the traditional MCDM are utilized. Fuzzy MCDM systems take into account the insufficient information and the evolution of available knowledge and they are very useful to deal with the uncertain and imprecise data. The radio resource management mechanisms in modern communication systems are typical multi criteria problems and the usage of MCDM systems is mandatory to reduce the influence of the imprecise, contradictory, and dissimilar measurements of these complex communication systems.In this paper, two different fuzzy MCDM systems are developed to address one of the most important radio resources management mechanisms which is vertical handover (VHO). These systems use fuzzy AHP and fuzzy SAW methods. Illustrative numerical examples for the developed systems are presented. The examples show that the choice of the MCDM tool can directly affect the ranking order of the available access networks, and hence, the selection of the MCDM methods is highly critical in any VHO solution.Â Â
Contra Rotating Ducted Propeller Analysis using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Adnan Fadilah Putra , Furqon Era Dadang
Published: July 2024

Propeller is well known as a mechanical device for propelling a boat or aircraft, consisting of a revolving shaft with two or more broad angled blades attached to it. For now propeller is used in many types of aircraft and boats. This paper is focusing on the propeller, which is applied for small aircraft such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) where the size of the vehicle can be one of the design constraint. Tandem propellers configuration can be an option to cope with the size constraint. This paper studies the performance of tandem propellers in contra-rotating configuration. The study begins with the validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) calculation by comparing the results in term of thrust coefficient to the existing performance data. The case study used an UIUC standard 10 inch propeller. The study of contra rotating ducting propeller is performed by analysing the single ducted propeller and followed by the tandem contra rotation ducted propellers set at different axial distances. The results show that the single ducted propeller performs better than open propeller, and there is an optimal distance between propellers in tandem configuration which gives maximal thrust coefficient.Â Â Â Â
Comparison on the Aerodynamic Coefficients Obtained from Three Different Size of Wind Tunnel Model on Baseline V Set at 45 Degree Sweep Tail Angle
Authors: Zulfazli Arief Bin Abd Latif Mohamad , Effendy Mohd Nasir Rizal , Aiman Bin Ahmad Muhammad , Wisnoe Wirachman , Kuntjoro Wahyu , S. Ishak I. , R S Saad M.
Published: July 2024

This paper analyzes the aerodynamic coefficients of a blended wing body, Baseline V which is equipped with 45Ëš sweep tail angle. Baseline V is one of the Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam Flight Test Technology Centreâ€™s blended wing body designs that have unique configuration as it uses different NACA airfoil for its fuselage, body, wing root, midwing, wingtip, tail root, and tail tip. The intention of the comparison for three different size of wind tunnel model is to determine the similarity of the aerodynamics coefficients and the behaviour of the model itself. The wind tunnel experiments were conducted at three different wind tunnel locations: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai, UiTM Shah Alam and Universiti Pertahan Nasional Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, using 1:1 scale full model, 1:2 scale half model, and 2:7 scale half model, respectively. The data obtained are studied and plotted in term of lift coefficients, lift-to-drag ratio, and drag coefficients. The pitching angle for all experiments were varied between -10Ëš to +17Ëš. The blockage corrections have been applied to the data to obtain the actual performance of the aircraft. From the observations, the results show some similarity between those experiments, except for the lift-to-drag ratio of UPNMâ€™s data which are slightly higher compared to others.Â
Extraction of Building Footprints from Different Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Platforms
Authors: Ismail Nabila , Nizam Tahar Khairul
Published: July 2024

The demand for map updating is increasing especially for developing countries. Therefore, rapid data acquisition of an urban area is needed. This study proposes unmanned platform as one of the solutions for rapid data acquisition to update the map for developing countries. The objective of this study is to perform the extraction of building footprints using fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and multi-rotor UAV. All images acquired from both UAVs were processed using different image matching algorithms to perform relative orientation. The building footprints were extracted based on different orthophoto results. The building footprints were evaluated in terms of area and length. The results show the area based matching method records the accurate result in term of area and length assessment which are about 13m2 and 1.4m respectively. The results also show the multirotor provides the accurate results compared to fixed wing platform. The outcome could be used for specific applications such as urban expansion changes and land cover change detection.Â Â
The Effect of Wing Margin Shape Generalisation on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Bat Inspired Wing
Authors: Suhaimi Shafiq , Shuib Solehuddin , Yusoff Hamid , Halim Kadarman A.
Published: July 2024

Bio-inspiration is a method of design that uses findings and observation from the field of biology and applying them in mechanical applications. In this study, bio-inspiration was used to develop a flapping wing for a Micro Air Vehicle. This is done by producing a wing geometry by tracing the margin shape of the wing. The trace was then used to generate vertices of 99, 49, 13, and 7 vertices. The vertices were then used to create a CAD drawing to calculate the lift, drag, and aerodynamic efficiency for each generated wing. The wing was set at 20 degrees angle of attack with a flapping frequency of 3Hz. The wing was set to increase and will then correlated to increasing advance ratio of 0.19 to 5.19. The results shows that each wing behaves similarly generating the highest lift at low advance ratio, and the generated lift decreases as the advance ratio increases. At low advance ratios, 99, 49, and 13 vertices wings have similar generated lift while 7 vertices wing has the lowest lift generation. However, at high advance ratios, the 7 vertices wing has the highest generated lift followed by the 13 vertices wing, and then the 4 vertices wing. The 99 vertices wing has the lowest generated lift. Similar patterns is observed for drag where at lower advance ratios, 7 vertices wings generates the least drag followed by 13, 49, and 99 vertices wing. At higher advance ratios, 99 vertices wing generates the least drag followed by 49, 13, and 7 vertices wing. As for aerodynamic efficiency, 7 vertices wing has the highest lift to drag ratio followed by 13, 49, and 99 vertices wing. This is due to the wing geometryâ€™s ability to generate wing tip vortex at high advance ratio. The study has shown that the act of geometry simplification can be used to improve upon a bio-inspired design.Â
The Development of Student Station for Drag Polar Testing
Authors: Arifianto Ony , Muhammad Hari , Sukma Windratih Pramesthi , Safiâ€™i Imam
Published: July 2024

In order to improve the teaching and learning activities in the flight mechanic subjects, the Aerospace Engineering Program, ITB, is currently developing a flying laboratory, based on a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The development process itself has reached a phase, where both graphical user interface (GUI) and flight testing scenario for drag polar assessment are being developed, Â and evaluated. The evaluation of the GUI is performed by creating a simulated flight testing using X-plane software. Due to the model availability in the X-plane, a Cessna 172 model is used instead of a fixed-wing UAV model. The drag polar test is conducted by trimming the aircraft model in steady symmetric level flight condition using the autopilot provided by X-plane. In the simulated test scenario, the aircraft weights and trim speeds are varied while the altitude and and center of gravity (CG) location are held constant. The flight data is then captured and processed with the developed GUI. Further, the lift coefficient (CL) and drag coefficient (CD) are obtained from the aircraft weight, engine thrust, trim speed, and the corresponding atmospheric data. The coefficients are plotted and a curve fitting process is performed to obtain the analytical approximation of the drag polar curve. When the calculation results are compared to the lift and drag coefficients data of the aircraft model, obtained directly from X-plane software, both of them are in a good agreement. Differences might appear from the incompatibility in the drag components calculation of the X-plane software.Â Â
Lift Generation of Compliant Wing Mechanism of Flapping Wing
Authors: Yusoff Hamid , Iswadi Ismail Noor , Reedzman Mohd Rakmi Muhammad , Suhaimi Shafiq , Wisnoe Wirachman
Published: July 2024

Flapping wing micro air vehicles are small, lightweight and can fly in a low Reynolds Number environment. They are capable of flying at low Reynolds number environment with amazing agility by imitating natural flyers like bats and have compliant wings while flapping. The primary goal of this study is to design and fabricate the compliant mechanism of flapping wing for improvement of lift performance of a MAV. The test was carried out in an open-air wind tunnel. Furthermore, the compliant wing mechanism is measured based on Angle of attack, Reynolds number and flapping frequency. The result shows, lower angle of attack produces lower lift coefficient while higher angle of attack (40Â°) produces higher lift coefficient until it reaches stall where the lift decreases drastically. The compliant wing mechanism at Reynolds number 20000 produces higher lift coefficient compared to higher Reynolds number, 36000. The best flapping frequency for the compliant wing mechanism is 9 Hz which is the highest frequency used in this experiment. The trend of the flapping frequency shows that the lift coefficient increases when flapping frequency increases. The highest lift produced for compliant wing mechanism is at 40Â° angle of attack, 9 Hz flapping frequency and 20000 Reynolds number.Â Â
Numerical Modelling of Convective Wave using Fractional-Step Method
Authors: Yen Tey Wah , Tang Tze Hou Jared , Siang Kang Hooi , . .
Published: July 2024

Wave equation is often solved independently without involving Continuity and momentum equations and this implies that the numerical simulation is restricted to wave phenomenon in static fluid. Meanwhile the available wave models are more suitable for the case in which the convective effect outweighs the local wave fluctuation. However, there are many fluid dynamics phenomena which involves equally significant effect of convective flow and wave disturbance, such as mountain waves, strong aeroacoustics wave and strong ocean waves. These flows need to be simulated by computational coupling. We have developed a solver using fractional step method for the construction of convective wave coupling algorithm. In our implementation, we model a flow across the wave-excited lid driven cavity as our case study, in which the model is to imitate the aerodynamic mountain wave. We found that the convective wave ratio plays a great role in affecting the velocity field of the fluid domain.Â
A Matlab Based Educational Software for the Study on the Effect of Cut-Out in Aircraft Wings
Authors: Mohammed Riyadh Miah , S. Mohamed Ali J.
Published: July 2024

Cut-outs on aircraft wings are unavoidable due to the placement of fuel tanks and retraction of landing gear inside the wing. The stresses acting on an aircraft wing will deviate substantially before and after a cut-out is made and therefore it is crucial to perform stress analysis in an aircraft wing in order to ensure that the wing structure will be able to withstand the applied stress. Stress analysis of such structures is tedious and time consuming due to its statically indeterminate nature. A free stand-alone software based on MATLAB for the computation of stress due to the effect of cut-out in idealized wing torsion box has been developed. The main purpose is to provide the end-user (students or academicians) a useful and user-friendly tool to perform preliminary stress assessment of the effect of cut-out analysis for an idealized wing.Â
Aerodynamics of a Blended Wing Body Aircraft with Close-Coupled Tail: Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of Two Different Tail Sweep Angle Cases
Authors: Azan Haiqal Mohamed Shafari Nur , Effendy Mohd Nasir Rizal , Zulfazli Arief Abd Latif Mohamad , Aiman Ahmad M. , Wisnoe Wirachman , Kuntjoro Wahyu
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the aerodynamic performance of Baseline V blended wing-body aircraft via Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation. Baseline V has a set of close-coupled tail plane that can change its incidence and tilt angle for pitch and yaw control. Based on previous research, Baseline V has insufficient longitudinal stability in term of pitch moment at zero angle of attack which is negative value at zero tail incidence angles. When tail incidence is set at âˆ’10Â°, the moment coefficient at zero angle of attack is zero thus not sufficient for trim flight with stable pitch moment slope. This leads to the idea of sweeping the tail of the aircraft to increase moment arm. In this paper, two cases are considered which is 0Â° (case I) and 30Â° (case II) tail sweep angle in which both cases have tail incidence at âˆ’10Â°. NUMECA suit is used as computational tool for this simulation. The simulated environment consists of half-model Baseline V BWB in domain 20 times the length of the aircraft with body centre plane acts as a mirror. The angle of attack used for this simulation is between -10Â° to +17Â° while airspeed is fixed at 15m/s or Mach 0.05. Due to aircraftâ€™s small mean chord and low airspeed flight, its Reynold number is low at 1.0 x 105 even at its body chord. Therefore, Laminar Navier-Stoke Equation is used for the computational simulation. Lift, drag and pitch moment coefficients with respect to angle of attack for both tail cases are computed from the simulation. The results from the CFD simulation is then compared with wind tunnel experiment results measured at AEROLAB, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. The result shows that the trends of lift, drag and moment coefficients against angle of attack obtained from CFD simulations are similar to plots obtained from wind tunnel experiment for both tail sweep angle cases. It is found that tail sweep angle case of 30Â° has slightly less lift but higher drag coefficients compared with 30Â° tail sweep angle case while its pitch moment coefficient at zero angle of attack has now improved to allow positive trim angle of attack. However, the former has much lower maximum lift-to-drag ratio than the latter.Â Â