bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The unconscious as sedimentation: threefold manifestations of the unconscious in consciousness
Authors: Wun Joanne Chung-yan
Published: April 2024

This article explores the notion of the unconscious (das Unbewusste) in terms of its nature and constitutive manifestations in consciousness. In contrast to the psychoanalytic formulation, the unconscious is conceptualized here distinctively as sedimentation (die Sedimentierung) within the Husserlian framework. All `experiences sediment and are “stored” in a darkened, affectless region of the psyche, which is nonetheless not in any sense separated from the sphere of consciousness. Rather, the sedimented experiences move dynamically between the unconscious and consciousness, constantly affecting and manifesting in the upcoming conscious activities of the subject. Based on this conceptualization, I suggest a schematic understanding of the manifestations of the unconscious, or sedimentation, in consciousness. The conceptual division of consciousness into the sphere of understanding (Verstandessphäre), sphere of affect (Gemütssphäre) and sphere of volition (Willenssphäre) allows us to speak of the corresponding threefold manifestations of the unconscious in each of these spheres as type (Typus), mood (Stimmung) and habits (Habitus). Having their genetic “origin” in sedimented experiences, these structural moments play a constitutive role in upcoming conscious activities of the intentional subject. Furthermore, I demonstrate that each of these moments is characterized by a distinctive kind of horizonality, in light of which a deepened understanding of the genetic concept of horizon-consciousness (Horizontbewusstsein) is obtained. Despite the conceptual tripartition, I emphasize at the end the essential intertwinement of the three structural moments in such conscious performance as association.
A generalization of formulas for the discriminants of quasi-orthogonal polynomials with applications to hypergeometric polynomials
Authors: Matsumura Hideki
Published: April 2024

In this article, we extend the classical framework for computing discriminants of special quasi-orthogonal polynomials from Schur’s resultant formula, and establish a framework for computing discriminants of a sufficiently broader class of polynomials from the resultant formulas that are proven by Ulas and Turaj. More precisely, we derive a formula for the discriminant of a sequence $$\{r_{A,n}+c r_{A,n-1}\}$$

{

r

A
,
n

+
c

r

A
,
n
-
1

}

of polynomials. Here, c is an element of a field K and $$\{r_{A,n}\}$$

{

r

A
,
n

}

is a sequence of polynomials satisfying a certain recurrence relation. There are several works computing the discriminants of given polynomials. For example, Kaneko–Niiho and Mahlburg–Ono independently proved the formula for the discriminants of certain hypergeometric polynomials that are related to j-invariants of supersingular elliptic curves. Sawa–Uchida proved the formula for the discriminants of quasi-Jacobi polynomials and applied it to prove the nonexistence of certain rational quadrature formulas. Our main theorem presents a uniform way to prove a vast generalization of the above formulas for the discriminants.
Policy-making for peri-urban landscapes as arenas of human-wildlife interactions
Authors: Roth Annemarie Tabea , Kleemann Janina , Spyra Marcin
Published: April 2024

Peri-urban landscapes are transitional areas between urban and rural areas that are constantly changing. They are characterised by land use mixes and land cover changes, leading to significant changes in wildlife habitats. These changes, combined with an increasing anthropogenic presence, turn peri-urban landscapes into arenas of intensified human-wildlife interactions. In many scientifically documented cases, scientists are focusing on negative interactions. Furthermore, research about appropriate policy instruments for managing human-wildlife interactions is rare. This study focused on case studies and their characteristics from around the world on positive, neutral, or negative interactions between humans and wildlife at local level. In addition, influencing factors of human-wildlife interactions and policy instruments for managing human-wildlife interactions in peri-urban landscapes were addressed. A survey was conducted with an international group of scientists and practitioners working in this field. The results showed that various species were involved in human-wildlife interactions in peri-urban landscapes worldwide, with mammals as being the most common taxon. Contemporary changes in land use and land cover could be identified as a significant factor for increasing human-wildlife interactions in peri-urban landscapes. It can be highlighted that a policy mix consisting mainly of social and cultural instruments in combination with legal and regulatory instruments could be most suitable to address this situation.
Microplastic contamination in soils of urban allotment gardens (Toruń, Poland)
Authors: Hulisz Piotr , Loba Aleksandra , Chabowski Marek , Kujawiak Kinga , Koźniewski Bartłomiej , Charzyński Przemysław , Kim Kye-Hoon John
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The study of microplastics (MPs) in soils is one of the most important contemporary challenges as they negatively influence soil properties and may adsorb heavy metals and pesticides. Recent data show that they can be transported in the terrestrial food chain, endangering human and animal health. In this pilot study, the qualitative–quantitative analysis of microplastics in soils of allotment gardens, which are mainly used for fruit and vegetable production, was done. Also, sources and environmental risks related to microplastics are discussed.

Methods

We applied a four-step approach based on standard soil characteristics, density separation of MPs from the soil matrix, stereoscopic microscopy, and Fourier infrared spectrometry (FTIR).

Results

In all studied topsoils, high abundance and heterogeneity of microplastics were found. Microplastics like polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), phenolic resins (PF), and alkyd resins (AR) were identified. Their sources are not only related to human activities on the allotments, but also deposition with wind or water cannot be excluded.

Conclusions

We revealed that soil contamination of microplastics in allotment gardens can be a significant environmental problem that has been overlooked in research. Considering the high amount of people who use allotment gardens and the potential environmental risk, soil contamination by microplastics should be monitored.
Could virtual reality be the next approach for international students learning Maltese?
Authors: Żammit Jacqueline
Published: April 2024

This study examines the potential of virtual reality (VR) technology in language learning, specifically for the Maltese language. Despite the popularity and advancement of VR, its use in teaching minor languages like Maltese has not been extensively explored. The concern is that the lack of technological resources may lead to the extinction of the Maltese language in the digital world. The study utilizes a primarily qualitative research methodology, with a minor quantitative component, to collect data from twenty-five teachers regarding the use of VR in Maltese language learning contexts. The findings reveal both the potential benefits and challenges of using VR in teaching Maltese as a second language (ML2). Although the participants have not used VR for teaching Maltese due to the absence of Maltese VR apps, they have experience with VR in English. They praise VR for its ability to create an immersive and engaging learning environment with entertaining features. However, the study also highlights several challenges associated with VR, including high costs, the bulkiness of headsets, and technical issues. It underscores the pressing need for additional research and development in this field to ensure the preservation of the Maltese language in the digital era.
Operative service delivery planning and scheduling in Product-Service Systems
Authors: Alp Enes , Pirola Fabiana , Sala Roberto , Pezzotta Giuditta , Kuhlenkötter Bernd
Published: April 2024

To navigate competition and create higher value for customers, manufacturing companies are more and more adopting the strategy of Servitization by enriching their product offering with services in solutions known as Product-Service Systems (PSS). While the provision of PSS presents numerous advantages for customers and providers, they also pose significant challenges, particularly in the operative service delivery planning and scheduling. This study aims to identify decision-support within this context by conducting a systematic literature review. The analysis uncovers limitations in existing approaches and underscores unaddressed research gaps emphasizing the need for further development of decision-support systems for PSS operation.
Konservative und operative Therapiemöglichkeiten bei Frakturen des Processus coracoideus scapulae – Fallserie
Authors: Sander Karl J. , Katthagen J. Christoph , Raschke Michael J. , Michel Philipp A.
Published: April 2024

Hintergrund

Frakturen des Korakoids sind insgesamt selten. Sie treten meistens im Rahmen von Hochrasanztraumata als Teil von komplexen Skapulaverletzungen auf. Im Rahmen einer Luxation kann das Korakoid ebenfalls isoliert frakturieren.

Fragestellung

Ziel der Arbeit ist, Therapiemöglichkeiten und operative Behandlung bei Korakoidfrakturen darzustellen.

Material und Methoden

Es wurden im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Auswertung alle Fälle mit Korakoidfrakturen aus den letzten 10 Jahren eines Stufe-1-Traumazentrums analysiert. Insgesamt konnten 48 Fälle eingeschlossen werden.

Ergebnisse

Nicht verschobene Korakoidfrakturen distal der korakoklavikulären Bänder werden in der Regel konservativ behandelt. Dislozierte Frakturen proximal dieser Bänder oder weitere Begleitverletzungen des „superior shoulder suspensory complex“ (SSSC) stellen eine Operationsindikation dar. 54 % der Frakturen waren distal der korakoklavikulären Bänder. In 57 % der Fälle wurde konservativ therapiert. 43 % der Patienten wurden operativ behandelt, davon 85 % mittels Schraubenosteosynthese. 79 % der Patienten zeigten Begleitverletzungen der ipsilateralen Schulter.

Schlussfolgerung

Korakoidfrakturen sind komplexe Verletzungen, die nicht isoliert betrachtet werden können. Vorliegende Begleitverletzungen stellen einen wichtigen Faktor im initialen Behandlungskonzept, sowie bei der unfallchirurgischen Versorgung der Schulter dar. Das Verfahren der Wahl ist die offene Reposition und direkte Schraubenosteosynthese.
Challenges and perspectives of air pollution control in China
Authors: Zhao Bin , Wang Shuxiao , Hao Jiming
Published: April 2024

Air pollution is one of the most challenging environmental issues in the world. China has achieved remarkable success in improving air quality in last decade as a result of aggressive air pollution control policies. However, the average fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration in China is still about six times of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) and causing significant human health risks. Extreme emission reductions of multiple air pollutants are required for China to achieve the AQG. Here we identify the major challenges in future air quality improvement and propose corresponding control strategies. The main challenges include the persistently high health risk attributed to PM2.5 pollution, the excessively loose air quality standards, and coordinated control of air pollution, greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions and emerging pollutants. To further improve air quality and protect human health, a health-oriented air pollution control strategy shall be implemented by tightening the air quality standards as well as optimizing emission reduction pathways based on the health risks of various sources. In the meantime, an “one-atmosphere” concept shall be adopted to strengthen the synergistic control of air pollutants and GHGs and the control of non-combustion sources and emerging pollutants shall be enhanced.
The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease in the Elderly
Authors: Chen Lea Ann , Boyle Kaitlyn
Published: April 2024

Purpose of Review

Growing evidence supports the contribution of age in the composition and function of the gut microbiome, with specific findings associated with health in old age and longevity.

Recent Findings

Current studies have associated certain microbiota, such as Butyricimonas, Akkermansia, and Odoribacter, with healthy aging and the ability to survive into extreme old age. Furthermore, emerging clinical and pre-clinical research have shown promising mechanisms for restoring a healthy microbiome in elderly populations through various interventions such as fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), dietary interventions, and exercise programs.

Despite several conceptually exciting interventional studies, the field of microbiome research in the elderly remains limited. Specifically, large longitudinal studies are needed to better understand causative relationships between the microbiome and healthy aging. Additionally, individualized approaches to microbiome interventions based on patients’ co-morbidities and the underlying functional capacity of their microbiomes are needed to achieve optimal results.
Current Status of Partial Laryngeal Surgery for Advanced Laryngeal Cancer: When and Why?
Authors: Crosetti Erika , Fantini Marco , Bertotto Ilaria , Bertolin Andy , Arrigoni Giulia , Lorenzi Andrea , Succo Giovanni
Published: April 2024

Purpose of Review

This paper aims to evaluate the evolution and current status of partial laryngeal surgery in the treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer (LC). Specifically, recent progress in the selection of both patients and tumors, together with surgical and rehabilitation innovations, have contributed to balancing oncological control with the maintenance of quality of life in naïve and radiorecurrent patients. The main aspect is represented by the recognized role of open partial horizontal laryngectomies (OPHLs) in this new era of laryngeal cancer treatment.

Recent Findings

Recent advancements highlight OPHLs’ efficacy for conservative management of intermediate to advanced stages of LC. Innovations such as supratracheal partial laryngectomy have expanded surgical options, offering a modular approach to complex cases. Improved understanding of tumor biology, enhanced imaging techniques, and more precise preoperative planning have led to better patient outcomes, emphasizing the importance of a conservative function-preserving surgical treatment. These advancements reflect a broader trend towards individualized treatment plans that prioritize both survival and quality of life.

OPHLs play an important role in current management of intermediate/advanced LC, effectively balancing oncological control with the preservation of laryngeal functions. Critical factors include meticulous patient and tumor selection, the impact of surgical and technological refinements on functional outcomes, and the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in treatment planning. Current evidence justifies the use of these interventions in many intermediate T-stage laryngeal tumors, even at risk of upstaging on pathological examination. The oncological results, the preservation of laryngeal function and the laryngectomy-free survival achieved with OPHLs appear to be highly competitive with those of non surgical organ-preservation protocols, aiming to introduce a new standard in the LC treatment.
Concordance of HER2 status between core needle biopsy and surgical resection specimens of breast cancer: an analysis focusing on the HER2-low status
Authors: Na Sei , Kim Milim , Park Yujun , Kwon Hyun Jung , Shin Hee-Chul , Kim Eun-Kyu , Jang Mijung , Kim Sun Mi , Park So Yeon
Published: April 2024

Background

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low status has recently gained attention because of the potential therapeutic benefits of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) in breast cancer patients. We aimed to investigate the concordance of HER2 status between core needle biopsy (CNB) and subsequent surgical resection specimens focusing on the HER2-low status.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted in 1,387 patients with invasive breast cancer whose HER2 status was evaluated in both CNB and surgical resection specimens. The discordance rates between CNB and surgical resection specimens and the clinicopathological features associated with HER2 status discordance were analyzed.

Results

The overall concordance rates of HER2 status between CNB and surgical resection specimens were 99.0% (κ = 0.925) for two-group classification (negative vs. positive) and 78.5% (κ = 0.587) for three-group classification (zero vs. low vs. positive). The largest discordance occurred in CNB-HER2-zero cases with 42.8% of them reclassified as HER2-low in surgical resection. HER2 discordance was associated with lower histologic grade, tumor multiplicity, and luminal A subtype. In multivariate analysis, tumor multiplicity and estrogen receptor (ER) positivity were independent predictive factors for HER2-zero to low conversion.

Conclusions

Incorporation of HER2-low category in HER2 status interpretation reduces the concordance rate between CNB and surgical resection specimens. Tumor multiplicity and ER positivity are predictive factors for conversion from HER2-zero to HER2-low status. Therefore, HER2 status should be re-evaluated in resection specimens when considering ADCs in tumors exhibiting multiplicity and ER positivity.
Finite Sequences Representing Expected Order Statistics
Authors: Okolewski A. , Papadatos N.
Published: April 2024

Characterizations of finite sequences $$\beta _{1}<\cdots <\beta _{n}$$

β
1

<
⋯
<

β
n

representing expected values of order statistics from a random sample of size n are given. As a by-product, a characterization of binomial mixtures, when the mixing random variable is supported in the open interval (0, 1), is presented; this enables the exact description of the convex hull of the open binomial curve, as well as the open moment curve.
APSIM-based modeling approach to understand sorghum production environments in Mali
Authors: Diancoumba Madina , Kholová Jana , Adam Myriam , Famanta Mahamoudou , Clerget Benoît , Traore Pierre C. S. , Weltzien Eva , Vacksmann Michel , McLean Greg , Hammer Graeme L. , van Oosterom Erik J. , Vadez Vincent
Published: April 2024

Sorghum production system in the semi-arid region of Africa is characterized by low yields which are generally attributed to high rainfall variability, poor soil fertility, and biotic factors. Production constraints must be well understood and quantified to design effective sorghum-system improvements. This study uses the state-of-the-art in silico methods and focuses on characterizing the sorghum production regions in Mali for drought occurrence and its effects on sorghum productivity. For this purpose, we adapted the APSIM-sorghum module to reproduce two cultivated photoperiod-sensitive sorghum types across a latitude of major sorghum production regions in Western Africa. We used the simulation outputs to characterize drought stress scenarios. We identified three main drought scenarios: (i) no-stress; (ii) early pre-flowering drought stress; and (iii) drought stress onset around flowering. The frequency of drought stress scenarios experienced by the two sorghum types across rainfall zones and soil types differed. As expected, the early pre-flowering and flowering drought stress occurred more frequently in isohyets < 600 mm, for the photoperiod-sensitive, late-flowering sorghum type. In isohyets above 600 mm, the frequency of drought stress was very low for both cultivars. We quantified the consequences of these drought scenarios on grain and biomass productivity. The yields of the highly-photoperiod-sensitive sorghum type were quite stable across the higher rainfall zones > 600 mm, but was affected by the drought stress in the lower rainfall zones < 600 mm. Comparatively, the less photoperiod-sensitive cultivar had notable yield gain in the driest regions < 600 mm. The results suggest that, at least for the tested crop types, drought stress might not be the major constraint to sorghum production in isohyets > 600 mm. The findings from this study provide the entry point for further quantitative testing of the Genotype × Environment × Management options required to optimize sorghum production in Mali.
High cure rates of Mycoplasma genitalium following empiric treatment with azithromycin alongside frequent detection of macrolide resistance in Austria
Authors: Chromy David , Starossek Lisa , Grabmeier-Pfistershammer Katharina , Adamek Sarah , Maischack Felix , Sammet Stefanie , Sadoghi Birgit , Stary Georg , Willinger Birgit , Weninger Wolfgang , Esser Stefan , Makristathis Athanasios , Bauer Wolfgang Michael
Published: April 2024

Background

Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is an emerging sexually transmitted infection, often harboring resistance-associated mutations to azithromycin (AZM). Global surveillance has been mandated to tackle the burden caused by MG, yet no data are available for Austria. Thus, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of MG, disease characteristics, and treatment outcomes at the largest Austrian HIV—and STI clinic.

Methods

All MG test results at the Medical University of Vienna from 02/2019 to 03/2022 were evaluated. Azithromycin resistance testing was implemented in 03/2021.

Results

Among 2671 MG tests, 199 distinct and mostly asymptomatic (68%; 135/199) MG infections were identified, affecting 10% (178/1775) of all individuals. This study included 83% (1479/1775) men, 53% (940/1775) men who have sex with men (MSM), 31% (540/1754) HIV+, and 15% (267/1775) who were using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In logistic regression analysis, ‘MSM’ (aOR 2.55 (95% CI 1.65–3.92)), ‘use of PrEP’ (aOR 2.29 (95% CI 1.58–3.32)), and ‘history of syphilis’ (aOR 1.57 (95% CI 1.01–2.24) were independent predictors for MG infections. Eighty-nine percent (178/199) received treatment: 11% (21/178) doxycycline (2 weeks), 52% (92/178) AZM (5 days), and 37% ( 65/178) moxifloxacin (7–10 days) and 60% (106/178) had follow-up data available showing negative tests in 63% (5/8), 76% (44/58) and 85% (34/40), respectively. AZM resistance analysis was available for 57% (114/199)) and detected in 68% (78/114). Resistance-guided therapy achieved a cure in 87% (53/61), yet, empiric AZM-treatment (prior to 03/2021) cleared 68% (26/38).

Conclusions

Mycoplasma genitalium was readily detected in this Austrian observational study, affected predominantly MSM and often presented as asymptomatic disease. We observed a worryingly high prevalence of AZM resistance mutations; however, empiric AZM treatment cleared twice as many MG infections as expected.
Endocarditis: A Review of Recent Literature
Authors: Dale Scott , Tayyem Zaid , Maceyko Steven
Published: April 2024

Purpose of Review

Endocarditis remains a challenging diagnosis, with significant implications for early identification and initiation of therapy. In this review, we examine the evolution in the epidemiology and presentation of infectious endocarditis (IE), the role of new diagnostic tools, and the approach to therapy.

Recent Findings

Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species remain the most common causative organisms, but the prevalence of IE caused by enterococcus and non-HACEK organisms is increasing. While newer antibiotics such as dalbavancin have shown promise, treatment must still be tailored on an individual basis. Evidence suggests that antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent IE be limited to high-risk patients undergoing invasive procedures.

The Duke Criteria, first established in 1994, provide a guideline by which clinicians can identify affected patients. Now, 23 years after their last update in 2000, the Modified Duke Criteria have been revised to account for changes in our understanding of the disease. When combined with evolving treatment guidelines, clinicians have updated tools to help combat this disease.
Examining the Capabilities of GPT-4 to Write an APA-Style School Psychology Paper
Authors: Lockwood Adam B , Castleberry Joshua
Published: April 2024

Technological Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have Brought forth the Potential for Models to Assist in Academic Writing. However, Concerns Regarding the Accuracy, Reliability, and Impact of AI in Academic Writing have been Raised. This Study Examined the Capabilities of GPT-4, a state-of-the-art AI Language Model, in Writing an American Psychological Association (APA)-style School Psychology Paper. Specifically, we Examined GPT-4’s Ability to Provide Citations and Substantiate Claims, Offer Factually Correct Information, and Generate Accurate APA (7th Edition; 2020) Style Citations and Referencing. The Results Reveal Limitations in GPT-4’s Performance, Including a lack of Proper Citations and Substantiation, Errors in Citations and Referencing, and the need for External Validation of Factual Accuracy. While GPT-4 Shows Potential, Further Refinement is Necessary to Enhance its Accuracy, Reliability, and Adherence to APA (2020) Guidelines. Future Research should Focus on Improving the Capabilities of AI Models for Scientific Writing and Developing Clear Policies for Their use in Academia.
Mortality prediction using survival energy models with functional data analysis
Authors: Mitsuda Daiki , Shimizu Yasutaka
Published: April 2024

The survival energy model (SEM), as originally introduced by Shimizu et al. (ASTIN Bull 51(1):191–219, 2020), is designed to characterize human bioenergetics by employing diffusion processes or inverse Gaussian processes. While parametric models have been employed to articulate the SEM, they exhibit inherent sensitivity in their parameters and hyperparameters, which in turn introduces issues of instability in estimation and prediction. In this paper, we demonstrate that the utilization of functional data analysis techniques for nonparametric estimation and prediction of critical functions within the SEM leads to a substantial enhancement in prediction performance.
Enhancing Data Trustworthiness in Explorative Analysis: An Interactive Approach for Data Quality Monitoring
Authors: Behringer Michael , Hirmer Pascal , Villanueva Alejandro , Rapp Jannis , Mitschang Bernhard
Published: April 2024

The volume of data to be analyzed has increased tremendously in recent years. In order to extract knowledge from this data, domain experts gain new insights with the help of graphical analysis tools for explorative analyses. Here, the reliability and trustworthiness of an exploratory analysis is determined by the quality of the underlying data. Existing approaches require manual testing to ensure data quality which is often neglected. This research aims to introduce a novel interactive approach for seamlessly integrating data quality considerations into the process of explorative data analysis conducted by domain experts. We derive requirements, conduct an extensive literature review, and develop an approach that efficiently combines stakeholders’ strengths, allowing unobtrusive data quality integration in interactive analysis. Our approach enhances trustworthiness due to unobtrusive monitoring of data quality within the context of explorative data analysis. Domain experts gain insights more reliably, bridging the gap between technical requirements and domain expertise. In conclusion, our research presents a promising solution for improving the reliability and trustworthiness of explorative data analysis, especially for domain experts who may lack technical knowledge. By seamlessly integrating data quality into the analytical process, we empower domain experts to extract valuable insights from the ever-increasing volume of data, thereby advancing the field of data-driven decision-making.
A bibliometric analysis of financial technology: unveiling the landscape of a rapidly evolving field
Authors: Biju Hannah , Mukthar K. P. Jaheer , Dhia Amir , Selvaratnam Doris Padmini , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Singh J. K.
Published: April 2024

Technology is paving innovative ways to provide financial services and improve the efficiency of financial systems. Since it is a dynamic field of research, it is important to look back on the ever-changing field of financial technology. This paper aims to analyse the existing research on financial technology through a bibliometric approach. The data were gathered from the Scopus database using secondary sources, and the analysis is presented descriptively along with science-mapping techniques. This paper offers an overview of the influential journals, authors, and organizations contributing to financial technology research. The study focuses on citation, cocitation, bibliographic coupling, and coauthorship analysis within the collected corpus. It is worth noting that this study is limited by the use of only one database, Scopus and excludes grey literature, this could lead to skewed results but this can be an arena for future research.
Forestry Ecosystem Protection from the Perspective of Eco-civilization Based on Self-Attention Using Hierarchical Dilated Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Meng Rui
Published: April 2024

Ensuring the sustainable protection of forestry ecosystems faces numerous challenges. One significant hurdle is the constant threat of illegal logging and deforestation. Despite various regulations and conservation efforts, enforcing these measures can be difficult, particularly in remote or poorly monitored areas. Additionally, the increasing global demand for timber and other forest products puts immense pressure on these ecosystems, leading to overexploitation and habitat degradation. In this manuscript, Self-Focused Hierarchical Augmented Convolution Neural Network (SAHD-CNN) optimized with Tasmanian Devil Optimization (TDO) algorithm is proposed. Initially data is taken from Global Leaf Area Index (LAI) dataset. Afterward the input data is fed to Adaptive Distorted Quantum Matched-Filter. The pre-processing output is provided to Self-Focused Hierarchical Augmented Convolution Neural Network (SAHD-CNN) to effectively classifying Forestry Ecosystem Protection (FEP) for high, medium, and low. The weight parameters of the SAHD-CNN are optimized using Tasmanian Devil (TD) Optimization method. The proposed method is implemented in MATLAB working platform. The FEP-SAHDCNN technique attains higher accuracy value of 99% than the existing techniques such as Forestry Ecosystem Protection based Particle swarm Optimization (FEP-PSO) Accuracy value is 65%, Forestry Ecosystem Protection using Evaluation-based Neural Network (FEP-EN) Accuracy value is 82%, and FEP-GRS Accuracy value is 79%. Thus, the proposed method gives optimal output than the existing methods.
Autistic traits in neurotypical adults are related to impaired perceptual–motor coordination
Authors: Kikuchi Ken , Higuchi Takahiro
Published: April 2024

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more prone to injury due to falls or collisions with objects. This may be caused by impaired perceptual–motor coordination, including inaccurate body-related spatial perception and insufficient anticipatory motor planning due to a detail-focused processing style. To investigate this hypothesis, an action-selection task was developed to create conditions likely to induce collisions with obstacles and to assess perceptual accuracy and predictive attentional properties for the action selection of subsequent movements in a sequence of actions. Sixteen participants completed an autism-spectrum quotient (AQ) survey and the task. Results indicated that AQ correlated significantly with body-related spatial perception, and it was a significant predictor of the number of collisions. For the association between collisions and the eye-tracking data, results of a generalized linear mixed model showed that collisions were more likely to happen when the total fixation time to exit width was short and when the time to first fixation was late. This suggests that participants with higher autistic traits were not able to properly plan subsequent movements. Overall, these findings suggested that impaired perceptual–motor coordination, which could occur due to difficulties in perceiving body-related spatial relationships and anticipatory motor planning, may underlie the high susceptibility to injury observed in individuals with ASD.
Urban commercial marketing and economic factors, an evidence from Mashhad (Iran)
Authors: Hasani Ehsan , Sarvari Hadi
Published: April 2024

The present study attempts to spatial and temporal analysis of the reactions between urban commercial marketing and influencing economic factors in Mashhad City (Iran). For this purpose, statistical and spatial data from 18 selected commercial complexes and trading towers were collected using official documents, fieldwork observations, and surveys of some interviews for time windows of 2010 and 2020. The total annual revenue, as the commercial marketing indicator, was chosen as the dependent variable to indicate the mean productivity and profitability of shop stores in the case studies. Besides, eight factors, including commercial marketing and urban regional characteristics were chosen as independent factors. Results revealed that the mean values of commercial interest rates were recorded equal to 0.71 and 0.64 in 2010 and 2020, revealing the overall decrease in profitability of the commercial complexes within the recent decade. Despite the growing rate of construction of renewal mega projects and trading towers in the central district of Mashhad City, the marketing revenues and commercial interests had no positive relationships with city center profits in the recent decade. The land price market has severely changed the spatial structure and economy of Mashhad, such as commercial projects and marketing. It means that the main motivation for marketing in commercial complexes can be considered as regional land values instead of the traditional function of the religious city center.
Lynchet-Type Terraces, Loess, and Agricultural Resilience on Chalk Landscapes in the UK and Belgium
Authors: Pears Ben , Lang Andreas , Fallu Dan , Roberts Mark , Jacques David , Snape Lisa , Bahl Chiara , Van Oost Kristof , Zhao Pengzhi , Tarolli Paolo , Cucchiaro Sara , Walsh Kevin , Brown Antony
Published: April 2024

Lynchets, often the defining component of historic agricultural landscapes in northern Europe, are generally associated with soft-limestone geologies and are particularly well developed on loess-mantled landscapes. To understand their formation and chronology, the authors present their geoarchaeological analyses of lynchet soils and loess deposits at Blick Mead and Charlton Forest in southern England, and Sint Martens-Voeren in Belgium. The lynchets date from the late prehistoric to the medieval periods and were constructed by plough action at the English sites, and by both cut-and-fill and ploughing in Belgium. This has resulted in the preservation of highly fertile loessic soils across chalk slopes, lost elsewhere. Although each example is associated with local/regional agricultural histories, the lynchets’ effective soil-retention capacities allowed them to survive as important heritage features with environmental benefits over millennia.
Secrecy games, power, and resistance in global politics
Authors: Van Veeren Elspeth , Stevens Clare , Senu Amaha
Published: April 2024

In contrast to a view of secrecy as a tool of statecraft, where the game of ‘covering/uncovering’ dominates as the central way of interpreting secrecy’s power, we set out ‘secrecy games’ as an approach for understanding secrecy’s power and influence. To do so, we offer a set of three games to illustrate the more varied ways that secrecy operates and draw attention to the ways in which non-state actors use secrecy and shape its effects. In particular, we offer an analysis of: (1) the secrecy games of tunnelling in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the role of mobility as part of secrecy; (2) the secrecy game of camouflage and how stowaways blend in to facilitate access to global shipping routes; and (3) the secrecy game of maze-running and maze-making within urban warfare. Drawing these together, we show how secrecy involves a wider set of actors, practices, and associated knowledge-(un)making strategies than currently understood within International Relations. In turn, this expanded understanding of secrecy helps to make sense of the more complex ways in which secrecy is presented, used, resisted, and transformed – including and especially as a force that limits sovereign power – and, therefore, as central to what shapes global politics.
The Potential of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Reduce the Climatic Risks of Explosive Volcanic Eruptions
Authors: Quaglia I. , Visioni D. , Bednarz E. M. , MacMartin D. G. , Kravitz B.
Published: April 2024

Sulfur‐rich volcanic eruptions happen sporadically. If Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI) were to be deployed, it is likely that explosive volcanic eruptions would happen during such a deployment. Here we use an ensemble of Earth System Model simulations to show how changing the injection strategy post‐eruption could be used to reduce the climate risks of a large volcanic eruption; the risks are also modified even without any change to the strategy. For a medium‐size eruption (10 Tg‐SO2) comparable to the SAI injection rate, the volcanic‐induced cooling would be reduced if it occurs under SAI, especially if artificial sulfur dioxide injections were immediately suspended. Alternatively, suspending injection only in the eruption hemisphere and continuing injection in the opposite would reduce shifts in precipitation in the tropical belt and thus mitigate eruption‐induced drought. Finally, we show that for eruptions much larger than the SAI deployment, changes in SAI strategy would have minimal effect.
Cross‐Comparison of Observations With the Predictions of Global Hybrid Simulations for Multiple IMF Discontinuities Impacting the Bow Shock and Magnetosheath
Authors: Lee S. H. , Sibeck D. G. , Wang X. , Lin Y. , Angelopoulos V. , Giles B. L. , Torbert R. B. , Russell C. T. , Wei H. , Burch J. L.
Published: April 2024

We use the three‐dimensional (3‐D) global hybrid code ANGIE3D to simulate the interaction of four solar wind tangential discontinuities (TDs) observed by ARTEMIS P1 from 0740 UT to 0800 UT on 28 December 2019 with the bow shock, magnetosheath, and magnetosphere. We demonstrate how the four discontinuities produce foreshock transients, a magnetosheath cavity‐like structure, and a brief magnetopause crossing observed by THEMIS and MMS spacecraft from 0800 UT to 0830 UT. THEMIS D observed entries into foreshock transients exhibiting low density, low magnetic field strength, and high temperature cores bounded by compressional regions with high densities and high magnetic field strengths. The MMS spacecraft observed cavities with strongly depressed magnetic field strengths and highly deflected velocity in the magnetosheath downstream from the foreshock. Dawnside THEMIS A magnetosheath observations indicate a brief magnetosphere entry exhibiting enhanced magnetic field strength, low density, and decreased and deflected velocity (sunward flow). The solar wind inputs into the 3‐D hybrid simulations resemble those seen by ARTEMIS. We simulate the interaction of four oblique TDs with properties similar to those in the observation. We place virtual spacecraft at the locations where observations were made. The hybrid simulations predict similar characteristics of the foreshock transients, a magnetosheath cavity, and a magnetopause crossing with characteristics similar to those observed by the multi‐spacecraft observations. The detailed and successful comparison of the interaction involving multiple TDs will be presented.
Body composition and motor function in children born large for gestational age at term
Authors: Ito Yuji , Ito Tadashi , Narahara Sho , Sugiura Hideshi , Sugiyama Yuichiro , Hattori Tetsuo , Kidokoro Hiroyuki , Tsuji Takeshi , Kubota Tetsuo , Natsume Jun , Noritake Koji , Ochi Nobuhiko
Published: April 2024

Background

This cross-sectional study compared body composition and motor function between children who were born large for gestational age (LGA) and those born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and to investigate the association between gait quality and other variables.

Methods

Body composition was determined using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Motor functions were assessed using one-leg standing time, timed up-and-go test, five times sit-to-stand test, and three-dimensional gait analysis. We compared the results between two groups. We performed multiple regression analysis to evaluate the association between gait deviation index and variables of LGA, fat mass index, and motor functions (adjusted for age and sex).

Results

Children aged 6–12 years who were born LGA at term (n = 23) and those who were born AGA at term (n = 147) were enrolled. The LGA group had a higher fat mass index (2.9 vs. 2.2, p = 0.006) and lower gait deviation index (91.4 vs. 95.4, p = 0.011) than the AGA group. On multiple regression analysis, gait deviation index was associated with being LGA and fat mass index.

Conclusions

In school-aged children who were born LGA, monitoring increased fat mass index and decreased gait deviation index could lessen the risk of metabolic syndrome and reduced gait function.

Impact

Children aged 6–12 years who were born large for gestational age (LGA) at term showed a higher fat mass index and lower gait deviation index than those who were born appropriate for gestational age at term.

No significant differences in balance function or muscle strength were observed between groups.

On multiple regression analysis, gait deviation index was associated with being LGA at birth and fat mass index.

In school-aged children who were born LGA, monitoring increased fat mass index and decreased gait deviation index could lessen the risk of metabolic syndrome and reduced gait function.
AZGP1 in POMC neurons modulates energy homeostasis and metabolism through leptin-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation
Authors: Qiu Sheng , Wu Qinan , Wang Hao , Liu Dongfang , Chen Chen , Zhu Zhiming , Zheng Hongting , Yang Gangyi , Li Ling , Yang Mengliu
Published: April 2024

Zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein (AZGP1) has been implicated in peripheral metabolism; however, its role in regulating energy metabolism in the brain, particularly in POMC neurons, remains unknown. Here, we show that AZGP1 in POMC neurons plays a crucial role in controlling whole-body metabolism. POMC neuron-specific overexpression of Azgp1 under high-fat diet conditions reduces energy intake, raises energy expenditure, elevates peripheral tissue leptin and insulin sensitivity, alleviates liver steatosis, and promotes adipose tissue browning. Conversely, mice with inducible deletion of Azgp1 in POMC neurons exhibit the opposite metabolic phenotypes, showing increased susceptibility to diet-induced obesity. Notably, an increase in AZGP1 signaling in the hypothalamus elevates STAT3 phosphorylation and increases POMC neuron excitability. Mechanistically, AZGP1 enhances leptin-JAK2-STAT3 signaling by interacting with acylglycerol kinase (AGK) to block its ubiquitination degradation. Collectively, these results suggest that AZGP1 plays a crucial role in regulating energy homeostasis and glucose/lipid metabolism by acting on hypothalamic POMC neurons.
Correlative, ML-based and non-destructive 3D-analysis of intergranular fatigue cracking in SAC305-Bi solder balls
Authors: Cui Charlotte , Falah Chamasemani Fereshteh , Paulachan Priya , Sinojiya Rahulkumar , Rosc Jördis , Reisinger Michael , Imrich Peter , Hartner Walter , Brunner Roland
Published: April 2024

Reliable connections of electrical components embody a crucial topic in the microelectronics and power semiconductor industry. This study utilises 3D non-destructive X-ray tomography and specifically developed machine learning (ML-) algorithms to statistically investigate crack initiation and propagation in SAC305-Bi solder balls upon thermal cycling on board (TCoB). We quantitatively segment fatigue cracks and flux pores from 3D X-ray tomography data utilising a multi-level ML-workflow incorporating a 3D U-Net model. The data reveals that intergranular fatigue cracking is the predominant failure mechanism during TCoB and that dynamic recrystallisation precedes crack initiation. Moreover, we find that fatigue cracks are initiated at surface notches, flux pores and printed circuit board-metallisation intrusions. The work provides important insights regarding the underlying microstructural and mechanical mechanisms for recrystallisation and cracking, uniting the aspects of big-data analysis with ML-algorithms and in-depth understanding about the underlying materials science.
Global patterns in river water storage dependent on residence time
Authors: Collins Elyssa L. , David Cédric H. , Riggs Ryan , Allen George H. , Pavelsky Tamlin M. , Lin Peirong , Pan Ming , Yamazaki Dai , Meentemeyer Ross K. , Sanchez Georgina M.
Published: April 2024

Accurate assessment of global river flows and stores is critical for informing water management practices, but current estimates of global river flows exhibit substantial spread and estimates of river stores remain sparse. Estimates of river flows and stores are hampered by uncertainties in land runoff, an unobserved quantity that provides water input to rivers. Here we leverage global river flow observations and an ensemble of land surface models to generate a globally gauge-corrected monthly river flow and storage dataset. We estimate a global river storage mean (± monthly variability) of 2,246 ± 505 km3 and a global continental flow of 37,411 ± 7,816 km3 yr−1. Our global river water storage time series demonstrates that flow wave residence time is a fundamental driver that can double or halve river water stores and their variability. We also reconcile the wide range in previous estimates of monthly variability in global river flows. We identify previously underappreciated freshwater sources to the ocean from the Maritime Continent (Indonesia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea) amounting to 1.6 times the Congo River and illustrate our capability of detecting severe anthropogenic water withdrawals.
Virtual reality-empowered deep-learning analysis of brain cells
Authors: Kaltenecker Doris , Al-Maskari Rami , Negwer Moritz , Hoeher Luciano , Kofler Florian , Zhao Shan , Todorov Mihail , Rong Zhouyi , Paetzold Johannes Christian , Wiestler Benedikt , Piraud Marie , Rueckert Daniel , Geppert Julia , Morigny Pauline , Rohm Maria , Menze Bjoern H. , Herzig Stephan , Berriel Diaz Mauricio , Ertürk Ali
Published: April 2024

Automated detection of specific cells in three-dimensional datasets such as whole-brain light-sheet image stacks is challenging. Here, we present DELiVR, a virtual reality-trained deep-learning pipeline for detecting c-Fos+ cells as markers for neuronal activity in cleared mouse brains. Virtual reality annotation substantially accelerated training data generation, enabling DELiVR to outperform state-of-the-art cell-segmenting approaches. Our pipeline is available in a user-friendly Docker container that runs with a standalone Fiji plugin. DELiVR features a comprehensive toolkit for data visualization and can be customized to other cell types of interest, as we did here for microglia somata, using Fiji for dataset-specific training. We applied DELiVR to investigate cancer-related brain activity, unveiling an activation pattern that distinguishes weight-stable cancer from cancers associated with weight loss. Overall, DELiVR is a robust deep-learning tool that does not require advanced coding skills to analyze whole-brain imaging data in health and disease.