bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Parking management system based on geomagnetic detection and parking lock
Authors: Zhang Yingfang , Zhang Qi , Zhang Libin , Shi Jilong
Published: January 2020

With the increasing number of vehicles worldwide and the increasing demand for parking spaces, effective management methods are in urgent need to improve the utilization efficiency of parking spaces. In spite of many previous studies focusing on how to detect the status of parking spaces and guide vehicles, the schemes proposed by these studies can only provide certain parking information rather than effectively manage parking spaces. In this paper, a system based on intelligent parking lock is designed to realize functions of query, reservation and management, based on which, drivers can reserve the free parking space in advance. This system can ensure that the reserved parking space is not misoccupied, which can also automatically close the parking lock and perform functions such as billing after the vehicle leaves.
Solids velocity measurement using electric capacitance sensor assemblies
Authors: Abrar Usama , Shi Liu , Jaffri Nasif Raza , Li Qin , Sindhu Hassan Raza , Omar Mian Waqas
Published: January 2020

This paper covers the application of the cross-correlation method for measuring the velocity of solid particles. Capacitive electrodes are used as primary sensors to measure the time required by the solid particles to cover a known distance between the electrodes. The capacitive variations of both the electrode sensors are stored in computer synchronously for offline estimation of the velocity of the solid particles. Single glass marble is used as a solid particle to conduct the performance in the lab for its good signal to noise ratio (SNR) and vivid graphs. Matlab R2018a is used as a programming tool to perform the cross-correlation algorithm. The distance between the sensors is adjusted optimally. The results were realistic to ensure the correctness of the system.
Action sports science with sensor technology and statistical analysis methods
Authors: Ishida Kazunari
Published: January 2020

This paper describe how to apply sensor technology and statistical analysis methods to formalize action sports science. Action sports are composed of quick motions to achieve difficult tricks. Inertial sensors are suitable equipment to record quick motions. Statistical analysis methods are required to identify key factors to make successful tricks. To show how to apply these technology and methodologies for analysing action sports, three types of sports and three types of terrains are selected. These examples show us that the technology and methodologies can detect different sports and skill levels, while they can also identify key factors for successful tricks.
Effect of interface bonding process on bending strength in CFRP/metal hybrid composites
Authors: Kim Sung-Jin , Park Jun , Babu J. S. S. , Seo Hyeong Yun , Kang Chung-Gil
Published: January 2020

Recently, vehicle parts such as center pillars and impact beams used in automobiles have been requiring materials that satisfy both high strength and impact absorption. Therefore, in this study, the applicability of the forming process of CR340 (cold rolled steel sheet)/CFRP Hybrid Composites which are a bonded material of cold rolled steel sheet having excellent formability and carbon fiber prepreg having high strength and high collision absorption in the vehicle parts was investigated. Hybrid composites are fabricated by stacking carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) prepreg on a cold rolled steel sheet (CR340) with Zn coating. Bonding materials were used at the interface between the CFRP prepreg and steel sheet. In addition, in the case of CR340/CFRP Hybrid composites which are made by bonding CFRP prepreg to the surface of press-formed CR340 material, it is impossible to manufacture complicated shapes due to an interfacial bonding separation phenomenon between the reinforcement and steel sheet. An adhesive agent developed by this research team was applied on the cold rolled sheet between CFRP and CR340 materials to enable the blank production of CR340/CFRP Hybrid composites. The heating time and temperature required for bending test were set similar to the curing curve of the CFRP prepreg. The surface roughness of steel materials is important in terms of their tensile strength and bending strength In this study, the steel sheet used was cold rolled 340 with Zn coating without surface roughness treatment for application to mass production in industry. This study investigates the properties of a CFRP/metal hybrid composite material. The hybrid was fabricated after spreading a developed binder on high-strength steel sheets (CR980) prepared by cold rolling and pressing. During the preparation of the CR980/CFRP hybrid composite, and its mechanical characteristics were investigated through bending, tensile, and lap shear adhesion test experiments.
Theoretical study of wakefield acceleration of electrons in capillary Z-pinch plasma waveguide
Authors: Shapolov A A , Fekete B , Kiss M , Szatmari S , Kukhlevsky S V
Published: January 2020

The theoretical investigation of wakefield acceleration of electrons by CO2-laser pulse with central wavelength of 10.6 μm and input peak intensity of ∼1017 W/cm2 in transient hydrogen-plasma waveguide has been conducted. The plasma waveguide is produced by the fast Z-pinch discharge inside a 3 mm inner diameter and 50 mm long capillary. The waveguide properties of the capillary Z-pinch plasma were obtained from the space and frequency dependent wave equation that combines the attenuated charged particle inertia and the light wave effects in the plasma for the ideal Gaussian laser beam. For simulation of temporal and spatial evolution of electron density and other plasma variables during the capillary discharge, we used a standard one-fluid, two-temperature one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model complemented with atomic data of hydrogen. Simulations showed that the guiding channel occurs far from capillary wall and exists for a few nanoseconds. In terms of laser driven plasma wakefield accelerators (LWFA), the Z-pinch waveguide is able to extend the acceleration length over the whole capillary, assuming that a single-mode transmission takes place. To quantify such ability of the channel, a correlation coefficient was introduced and computed at different input beam spot sizes. An optimal beam spot size was determined by taking maximum of time average of the coefficient over the channel lifetime. At the end of the guiding channel existence, the repetitive focusing and defocusing patterns were observed with intensity increase at the focal points. For simulation of the wakefield acceleration of electrons in the different waveguiding regimes we used the particle-in-cell (PIC) combined with the aforementioned MHD model. Influence of the waveguiding regimes on the electron acceleration was demonstrated.
Approach to structure management and customer-related configuration in the product lifecycle in mechanical engineering
Authors: Stekolschik Alexander
Published: January 2020

Complexity in the product and production process in mechanical and aerospace engineering leads to the existence of a variety of structures like engineering and manufacturing bills of materials. The manual or partly automated creation of these structures leads to redundant data and quality issues. This paper describes the approach of an integrated structure management based on a reference structure. The development of an integrated reference structure management approach aims to enhance the quality of a product in combination with concurrent complexity reduction. The reference structure is customer- or order-neutral; it is utilized as a basis for other structures. This paper presents a software system-neutral approach for the customer-related configuration of this structure resulting in e- and mBOM. The implementation of the method framework (selection of use cases) in a standard product lifecycle management (PLM) system is part of the research.
Study on a smart cross-polarization interference method to the polarized integration mono-pulse array radar
Authors: Wang Haijun , Dai Huanyao , Nie Xiaoliang , Liu Haiye
Published: January 2020

In order to effectively interfere with radar in the complex electronic countermeasure environment, this paper studies the cross-polarization interference method to the polarized integration mono-pulse array radar based on the radar antenna’s intrinsic property that it can receive the cross-polarization components. Firstly, the polarized integration mono-pulse angle measurement method of array radar is described. Then, the cross-polarization interference method for the polarized integration mono-pulse array radar is theoretically analysed, and it is proved mathematically that this interference method can bring the error term, leading to a decrease in measurement accuracy. Finally, a variant function of the singular function’s derivative is proposed to simulate the cross-polarization pattern of the sub-array. On this basis, the cross-polarization interference on the polarized array radar angle measurement performance is simulated, and the performance curve is obtained. The simulation results show that the cross-polarization interference can lead to a decrease in the angle measurement performance, and when the cross-polarization interference component is close to the echo co-polarization component, the interference effect is good. The power requirement for implementing the interference is low, so it is conveniently implemented in various confrontational situations. This provides an effective and easy-to-use smart radar polarization interference method for electronic countermeasures.
Design and application of a new type of transmitting mechanism for advanced manufacturing
Authors: He Yanzhong , Huo Zhongliang , Wang Xingsong , Chen Jing , Tu Chunlei
Published: January 2020

The speed change of the press slider in the tensile region should be slower and the full load operation time should be longer to adapt to the stretching process. By analyzing structure and motion characteristics of the existing mechanical press, changing the main drive gear of the press, a new press with a slide part added near the bottom dead centre (BDC) with low speed characteristic was designed, which is very suitable for advanced manufacturing. According to the working principle and main features of the new combined press, the parametric design of the mechanical model was established by using ADAMS simulation analysis software. Through the parametric design of the pendulum length, several groups of sliding motion curves were obtained, and the influence of the rod length on the motion characteristics of the slider was compared and analyzed.
An efficient method of logical expression constraint solving in path-oriented unit test
Authors: Wang Yalan , Liu Songyi , Wang Yawen , Gong Yunzhan
Published: January 2020

This paper extends the theory of constraint solving and presents a method to solve logical expression constraint problems existing in the process of generating test cases automatically. It defines the concept of the logical expression constraint on the path of C programs. In order to improve solving efficiency, it also presents an algorithm of pre-processing and heuristic backtracking. Our experiment results show that the method can narrow the domain of variables from meaningless infinite intervals to a finite range and achieve better coverage, and the results also show that the algorithm can improve the testing efficiency and halve the time of generating test cases.
Fuel Properties, Performance and Emission of Alternative Fuel from Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics
Authors: Khatha W , Ekarong S , Somkiat M , Jiraphon S
Published: January 2020

Increase in energy demand, stringent emission norms and depletion of oil resources have led the researchers to find alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Pyrolysis oil extracted from waste plastics, by pyrolysis, as a fuel for internal combustion engines has been demonstrated to be one of the best available waste management methods. This research aimed to study and compare fuel properties, engine performance and emission of alternative fuel from pyrolysis of waste plastics, which focused on physical and chemical properties of waste plastic crude oil (WPCO) and waste plastic oil (WPO) obtained by fractional distillation process. The result shows that the physical and chemical properties of WPCO are quite diffrent from commerical diesel while the fuel properties of WPO were found to be similar to that of diesel. The experimental results showed that the use of WPO led to an increase in brake specific fuel consumption but the slightly reduction in the brake thermal efficiency was founded with respect to diesel fuel. The combustion of WPO tended to increase NOX while a reduction in smoke was obtained compared with the pure diesel fuel.
Design of C Band High Power Teflon Water Load
Authors: Li Dingzhen , Zhao Lianmin , Liu Fukun
Published: January 2020

A C band Teflon water load is designed for the 4.6 GHz lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system in the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) to absorb the high power microwave reflected from the circulator, Teflon is used to substitute traditional ceramics to isolate the air and the water, which is cheaper and easier to processed. The simulation result carried out by CST microwave studio shows that the return loss reaches -64 dB at 4.6 GHz, and the power loss density was fitted by Origin software to calculate the thermal distribution of the Teflon and the water. Besides, the thermal analysis carried out by ANSYS indicates that this water load can work under 5 kW CW, with the maximum temperature of Teflon less than 71 °C, and the maximum thermal deformation and stress are no more than 0.14 mm and 3.2 MPa.
Design and Optimization of a Wearable upper Limb Exoskeleton based on Adams
Authors: Yin Peng , Yang Liang , Liu Bin
Published: January 2020

A wearable upper limb exoskeleton for factory assembly positions was designed. The trajectory and dynamics of the worker’s arm during assembly was analysed. According to the power demand, the corresponding torque drive was designed at the shoulder joint. Then the corresponding scheme was designed. The effect on joint drive force was simulated on Adams. As shown by the result, pre-compression force and spring stiffness have a great influence on the driving effect. Finally, with the work of additional required force moment for the shoulder joint as the objective function, the two parameters of spring stiffness and pre-compression force were optimized. Compared to not wearing the exoskeleton, the energy consumption of the exoskeleton was reduced by 90%.
Linear Bearing Fault Detection Using an Artificial Neural Network Based on a PI Servo System with the Observer for High-speed Automation Machine
Authors: Wanglomklang T , Chommaungpuck P , Srisertpol J
Published: January 2020

This research presents the novel approach for linear bearing fault detection by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based on observable information for high-speed automation machine. The dynamics modelling of feed drives and servo system design using pole placement technique were established to support the propose method. Three conditions of linear bearings which included healthy, 50 % of lubrication oil and starved lubrication were set up. Feature extraction of the data was analyzed by statistical approach. The results explains clearly that the control system design has a performance for tracking response and the ANN model can achieved 99.7 % accuracy by using the Levenberg Marquardt algorithm.
The Effect of Shaft Whirling on Accuracy of Rotating Coil Magnetic Measurement System
Authors: Thongtan W. , Odngam S. , Wanglomklang T. , Srisertpol J.
Published: January 2020

The electromagnetic in the storage ring is serve to focus the electron beam in vertical and horizontal axis along the beamline. Thus, precision of the electromagnetic field is a crucial step to considering for control the electron motion. The rotating coil is spread technique for measuring the electromagnetic field of magnet. However, the measurement uncertainties of the electromagnetic field are effect to controlled the electron motion before utilizing. This paper examines impact of the errors of the rotating coil magnetic measurement system. The whirling shape in each position along the length of the shaft is used for approximation uncertainty.
Numerical Investigation of Rough Micro- and Mini-channel Heat Sinks for Varying Aspect ratio
Authors: Qasim Ansari Munib , Zhou Guobing
Published: January 2020

Numerical simulations are performed to study the impact of aspect ratio on the micro- and mini-channel heat sink behaviours in the presence of sinusoidal surface roughness. A CFD model is first validated with the relevant reference data for laminar flow conditions using ANSYS-Fluent analysis. The found results of this validation study show that the simulation results agree well with the reference data. The considered channel height, absolute roughness height and diameter are 250 µm, 30 µm and 366 to 374 µm, respectively. The top and bottom rough walls are under constant heat flux conditions, while other walls are adiabatic with air as the working fluid. The micro- and mini-channels with long wetted perimeter and lower aspect ratio have shown more convective heat transfer but with slightly higher frictional resistance. The convective heat transfer and thermal performance factor both improve with the increase in Reynolds number where all the values are higher than 1. The maximum value of the thermal performance factor is noted up to 1.6 for the channel having aspect ratio of 0.038 (Reynolds number = 250). This study shows that micro- and mini-channel heat sinks are sensitive to surface roughness, Reynolds number where varying aspect ratio have influence on both flow and heat transfer performances in laminar regime.
Theoretical Research on the Pipe Rolling Process in Order to Determine the Deformation of the Pipe Billet and the Load on the Rolling Tool
Authors: Chechulin Yu B , Fedulov A A , Dronov A I , Morgunov V A , Bulganina M. Yu.
Published: January 2020

The technology of the shell case rolling into the rough pipe on an automatic mill of the pipe-rolling plant PRP 220 was considered. In case of the pipe rear end stability losing for a special thin-walled assortment of rolling products the theoretical research was carried out based on the FEM. As the result of the research the nature of such flaw as a “fin” on the end of the pipe was investigated, the evaluation of the loading on the automatic mill for the PRP 220 was obtained for different process parameters.
Principles of Coal Blend Formation Required to Obtain Coke with Target Characteristics of Coke Strength after Reaction (CSR)
Authors: Karunova E V , Kalko A A , Volkov E A , Kalko O A
Published: January 2020

A model has been developed that allows formation of a coal blend for production of coke with the specified characteristics of CSR in industrial conditions. The model is based on experimental data on the CRI and CSR values of coal concentrates obtained during individual coking using a SKW Karbolab plant.
Problems and Peculiar Aspects of Training of the Future Engineers in Relation to Higher Education System Remodelling
Authors: Kozhevnikov A V
Published: January 2020

The article attempts to analyze the current situation with University education, proposes a model of a modern University and training of engineers.
Development and Industrial Testing of Advanced Rolling Conditions at 4-Stand Mill 2100 of PAO Severstal
Authors: Kozhevnikova I A , Bolobanova N L , Antonov P V , Zhilenko S V , Kozhevnikov A V
Published: January 2020

The paper presents the results of development of improved cold rolling process conditions at the 4-stand mill 2100, which allows to increase the efficiency of the process by enhancing the quality of rolled products and minimizing the occurrence of the surface defects of work rolls. Based on industrial tests, the developed advanced rolling conditions are accepted for use in production.
The Study of the Influence of the Grain-Size Composition of Anthracite on the Agglomerating Index and the Development of Technological Recommendations for the Preparation of Fuel for Sintering for the CherMK Conditions
Authors: Yu Kuchin V , Detkova T V , Eliseev A A , Reshiotkin S V
Published: January 2020

As part of the technology fine-tuning for using anthracite in sintering, Minitab 18 program was used for planning and analysis of the experiment. The deliverables of the two-level factorial experiment (2k or Design Of Experiments) were used to adjust the technology for fuel preparation in sinter production at sinter plant.
Gas Permeability Assessment of the Cohesive Zone in the Blast Furnace
Authors: Kuzin A V , Khlaponin N S
Published: January 2020

A mathematical model is proposed for assessing the gas permeability of the cohesive zone in the blast furnace. The gas permeability is improved by increasing the intensity of the axial gas flux and introducing coke nuts in the ore layer. This is important in introducing intense pulverized-coal injection.
The Method of Efficiency Definition of New Functional Task in Electric Arc Furnace Control System
Authors: Logunova O S , Oshurkov V A , Pavlov V V
Published: January 2020

Abstrast. The task of the study is to create the measures and methods of efficiency definition of new functional task in electric arc furnace control system. The method of system analysis was applied. The research was carried out in the shops of Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (MMK). Method of efficiency definition of new functional task module in electric arc furnace control system was developed. The capacity loading reduction of bucket quantity and materials in charging process in the electric arc furnace for any planned task was presented.
Research on the Effect of Reduction Distribution in Universal Stands on the Process of Metal Transition from Sides to the Center Line of Transfer Bar
Authors: Polyakov A V , Mazur I P
Published: January 2020

The edge defects formed on the continuously cast slab before entering the hot rolling mill in the roughing group of the broadband mill are moved from the side faces and edges of the slab to the upper and lower surface of the slab. This process is facilitated by alternating compression in vertical and horizontal rolls. This article describes the transition of a metal from the edges and side faces of the slab at the top and bottom surfaces of the slab sheet during rolling in universal stands of the roughing stands of the hot rolling mill. The amount of movement of the defects on the surface of the slab directly affects the amount of lateral trim is necessary for assured removal of marginal defects in subsequent processing. The presented mathematical model based on the finite element method includes compression of continuously cast slab in three separate stands consisting of vertical and horizontal rolls. The influence of a number of technological parameters and modes of adjustment of the vertical rolls on the value of the metal displacement to the center line of the transfer bar is studied.
Algorithm and Design Methodology for Energy-Efficient Sheet Products Production Technology
Authors: Shalaevskiy D L , Kozhevnikov A V
Published: January 2020

The work presents a calculation method for technology parameters of the continuous cold rolling process of wide steel strips, based on the determination of such reductions by stands and interstand tension, at which the technological process will be ensured with maximum productivity and minimum energy consumption. A method for calculating the rolling parameters is proposed, which will provide the minimum level of energy consumption by the main drives’ motors of the rolling stands at the maximum productivity of the continuous mill by eliminating vibrations in the working stands. The created methodology can be used as a base for the software of continuous mills.
Formation of the Structure and Decarburized Layer During Hot Screw Rolling of Vessels
Authors: Shatalov R L , Medvedev V A
Published: January 2020

We studied the influence of temperature and soaking time on rod billets made of steel 50. The development of the decarburized layer after induction heating and soaking in the resistance furnace was taken into account. When analyzing cooled down rod billets subjected to heat treatment, a continuous and stable development of a ferritic layer on the entire surface of rod billets was detected. Rod billets heated in a similar way as those on which the size of the outer decarburized layer had been defined were hot rolled. Experimental rolling was performed in a 3-high stand of the rolling-press line of JSC Scientific Production Association (SPA) “Pribor”. After cooling it was found that the sizes of a ferrite ring on the outer surface of steel vessels had changed. The analysis of the obtained data allowed us to find a relationship between the change in the structure of a ferrite ring formation and a draw ratio λ. A regression equation was obtained for determining the influence of drawing during screw rolling on the size of a decarburized layer.
Aeroacoustics of Jet Streams Used in Metallurgy
Authors: Shlik O
Published: January 2020

The supersonic jets of gas which is expiring into the melt from nozzle of BOF lance have a powerful acoustic radiation. The sound intensity of the jets is up to 200 dB and it is the most powerful natural source of sound. The jets invasion into heterogeneous unstable and gas saturated liquid melt-solution is the cause of the cavitation phenomena into the liquid. This explains the spontaneity of the gas formation and the speed of the decarburization process throughout the entire volume of the liquid metal volume. Using sound intensity changes, in the 60-th years of the last century, was developed the acoustic monitoring and control system of slag process into the BOF furnace.
Nanomodification of Refractories with Finely-Dispersed Additives with the Use of a Vortex Electromagnetic Homogenizer
Authors: Suvorov D S , Khaidarov B B , Lysov D V , Kuznetsov D V , Zhukova P A , Kazakov V I , Gorchakov V V
Published: January 2020

The article presents the laboratory and industrial research and the analysis of the impact of modification of refractory concretes and products with finely-dispersed nanomaterials. The dependence of the structural and physical-mechanical characteristics of mullite-corundum refractories of different types (for ladle furnace lances and for supporting blocks of rolling mill carriages) on nanomodification by electromagnetic homogenization is shown. The possibility of using a vortex electromagnetic homogenizer to significantly improve the performance of refractories is shown. In addition, the efficiency of using nanodispersed silicon dioxide is established and its optimal concentration is determined.
Effective Materials from Recycled Aluminum Waste for Steel Ladle Treatment
Authors: Tribushevskiy L V , Rumyantseva G A , Nemenenok B M
Published: January 2020

The paper presents the results of research on the use of recycled aluminum waste (RAW) for steel ladle treatment. It has been established that simultaneously with the deoxidation of refining slags before desulfurization of steel, their liquid mobility increases, which eliminates the need for using fluorspar for these purposes. A thermodynamic analysis of possible reactions of formation of aluminates and calcium aluminosilicates in the refining slag has been carried out. The composition of briquettes based on RAW for liquefaction of refining slags is proposed.
2020 Technology and Operation of a Hot Rolling Mill
Authors: Vanderschueren D
Published: January 2020

The state-of-the-art of both technology and operational practice of a hot rolling mill are discussed. The focus is first on the control of entry temperature in the finish mill. Transfer bar cooling and induction heating are presented. Next, the safe keeping in the finishing mill of surface quality, crown and flatness are discussed. Important tools to achieve these properties are lubrication, friction measurement, roll cooling, inter stand and skin cooling, bending, shifting and prediction of roll forces. The third and final topic is the run- out table cooling. Ultra-fast cooling is compared with laminar cooling. The cooling strategies and their importance to realise the required micro-structure and properties are discussed for hot rolled Dual Phase steel, pipe line grades and rebar.
Experimental Investigations of Physical Properties of Iron-Copper Alloy
Authors: Vdovin K N , Dubskiy G A , Egorova L G , Nefedyev A A
Published: January 2020

The paper describes the results of experiments aimed at obtaining iron-copper alloys with different iron content using electroslag remelting method. The obtained alloys of iron and copper were carefully examined to study their mechanical and physical properties. The article shows the results of the research work investigating the influence of iron on crystallization characteristics of the copper alloy. It was found, that iron-copper alloys can compete successfully with expensive copper-silver alloys, which are used to manufacture mold walls. The article offers the results of the experiments investigating hardness, wear resistance, thermal conductivity and temperature conductivity of the obtained iron-copper alloys; their casting characteristics were also studied.
On Capabilities of People with Health Limitations in Terms of Industrial Business
Authors: Denisova O A , Lekhanova O L
Published: January 2020

The Resource Training and Methodical Center (RTMC) for training people with disabilities, based at the Cherepovets State University, presents its experience and research results in terms of identifying the capabilities of people with disabilities as a human resource for industrial business. The authors demonstrate that over the past few years the number of people with disabilities focused on inclusive employment in industry has been increasing. The specifics of careers chosen by people with disabilities and their special needs prove that cooperation between industrial business and a network of Resource Training and Methodical Center for training people with disabilities is a must.
Printability study of metal ion crosslinked PEG-catechol based inks
Authors: Włodarczyk-Biegun Małgorzata K , Paez Julieta I , Villiou Maria , Feng Jun , del Campo Aranzazu
Published: January 2020

In this paper we explore the printability of reversible networks formed by catechol functionalized PEG solutions and metal cations (Al3+, Fe3+ or V3+). The printability and shape fidelity were dependent on the ink composition (metal ion type, pH, PEG molecular weight) and printing parameters (extrusion pressure and printing speed). The relaxation time, recovery rate and viscosity of the inks were analyzed in rheology studies and correlated with thermodynamic and ligand exchange kinetic constants of the dynamic bonds and the printing performance (i.e. shape fidelity of the printed structures). The relevance of the relaxation time and ligand exchange kinetics for printability was demonstrated. Cells seeded on the materials crosslinked with Al3+, Fe3+ ions were viable and revealed well-spread morphologies during 7 day culture, indicating the potential of the formulations to be used as inks for cell encapsulation. The proposed dynamic ink design offers significant flexibility for 3D bioprinting, and enables straightforward adjustment of the printable formulation to meet application-specific needs.
Magneto-optical Kerr effect in spin split two-dimensional massive Dirac materials
Authors: Catarina G , Peres N M R , Fernández-Rossier J
Published: January 2020

Two-dimensional (2D) massive Dirac electrons possess a finite Berry curvature, with Chern number

1/2, that entails both a quantized dc Hall response and a subgap full-quarter Kerr rotation. The observation of these effects in 2D massive Dirac materials such as gapped graphene, hexagonal boron nitride or transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is obscured by the fact that Dirac cones come in pairs with opposite sign Berry curvatures, leading to a vanishing Chern number. Here, we show that the presence of spin–orbit interactions, combined with an exchange spin splitting induced either by diluted magnetic impurities or by proximity to a ferromagnetic insulator, gives origin to a net magneto-optical Kerr effect in such systems. We focus on the case of TMD monolayers and study the dependence of Kerr rotation on frequency and exchange spin splitting. The role of the substrate is included in the theory and found to critically affect the results. Our calculations indicate that state-of-the-art magneto-optical Kerr spectroscopy can detect a single magnetic impurity in diluted magnetic TMDs.
Theoretical investigation of thioguanine isomers anticancer drug adsorption treatment on B12N12 nanocage
Authors: Noormohammadbeigi Motahareh , Kamalinahad Saeedeh , Izadi Farhad , Adimi Maryam , Ghasemkhani Alireza
Published: January 2020

Density functional theory (DFT) method used to investigate the interaction of thioguanine isomers with B12N12 nanocage in several media to earn electronics properties. To achieve this purpose, adsorption of thioguanine isomers on the exterior surface of B12N12 investigated in the gas phase and water media. Optical structures, electronic properties, and natural bond orbitals (NBO) analysis display that the adsorption of thioguanine on B12N12 nanocage is a strong chemisorption in the gas phase as well as water media. Besides, the electronic conductance of nanocage is significantly altered once the thioguanine isomers molecules are adsorbed. Thus, the energy gap between HOMO and LUMO orbitals is reduced which could be applied as a chemical signal to confirm chemical adsorption. Moreover, the relative dipole moments calculated for obtained configurations suggest that these structures could be solubilized or dispersed in polar mediums like water. Based on results, B12N12 nanocage could be a potential carrier for delivering thioguanine isomers in nanomedicine applications.
Nanostructured polycrystalline Ni3S2 as electrode material for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Khan I A , Medwal R , Fareed S , Farid A , Vas J V , Reddy M V , Rawat R S
Published: January 2020

We report the facile synthesis of nanostructured polycrystalline nickel sulphide (NP-Ni3S2) on Ni foil at 750 and 800 °C by employing powder vapor transport technique. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) confirms the formation of polycrystalline Ni3S2 phase with rhombohedral structure. Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) further confirms the formation of Ni3S2 phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the formation of flower shaped nanostructures of NP-Ni3S2 material. As an electrode material of Li+ batteries, the initial discharge capacities for NP-Ni3S2 materials deposited at 750 and 800 °C are found to be ∼2649 mAh g−1 and ∼1347 mAh g−1, respectively with initial capacity loss of ∼1067 mAh g−1 and ∼363 mAh g−1 after first cycle and capacities of ∼931 mAh g−1 and ∼818 mAh g−1 after 30 cycles for a current density of 60 mA g−1. An excellent capacity retention for NP-Ni3S2 material synthesized at 800 °C is due to its larger surface area and shorter diffusion length for mass and charge transport brought about by the flower-like porous nanostructures showing that the NP-Ni3S2 material synthesized at higher temperatures is more suitable as electrode material for Li+ batteries.
Development of BSA conjugated on modified surface of quercetin- loaded lipid nanocarriers for breast cancer treatment
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Choudhary Dhiraj Kumar , Debnath M
Published: January 2020

Multiple drug resistance is a key limitation for the clinical administration of chemotherapeutic drugs, apart from this their major limitations with free drugs are poor solubility, physiochemical and pharmaceutical behavior. These limitations with free drugs can be overcome by nanoformulations using natural biopolymer. In this study, successful utilization of P-glycoprotein receptor for the delivery of anticancer drug quercetin (Q), encapsulated inside the lipid nanocarriers (LNs) was introduced for the treatment of breast cancer. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was conjugated on the Q-loaded LNs( BSA-Q-LNs) for targeting to receptor. Q-loaded LNs were prepared using a single emulsion solvent evaporation method, followed by surface modification of Q-loaded LNs using charge interaction. Finally, surface modified Q-loaded LNs were conjugated with BSA using thiol reaction. The formulated nano construct was a spherical structure with a shell size of 530 nm. Encapsulation of Q inside the matrix of LNs is confirmed from shift in FT-IR, XRD peak. The release kinetic of Q- loaded LNs formulation was best fitted in a first-order kinetic model suggesting early burst of Q followed by slow release. The entrapment efficiency and drug loading efficiency were found to be 76 ± 0.3% and 15.72 ± 0.7% respectively. The Q-loaded LNs and BSA-Q-LNs displayed the improved cytotoxicity in drug resistance human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) as compared to free Q.
The effect of rare earth elements on the work softening behavior of as-cast Mg-4Al-2Sn
Authors: Jalali M S , Zarei-Hanzaki A , Jamili A M , Abedi H R , Mosayebi M , Vakili S M
Published: January 2020

This work explores the addition of 1% Rear Earth (RE) elements on the Mg–4Al–2Sn magnesium alloy, with an emphasis laid on the microstructural evolution during solidification and subsequent hot deformation behavior. The morphology of the α-Mg dendrites changes from the butterfly-like (growth at the non-basal planes) to the snow-flake like (growth at the basal planes) due to the addition of RE elements. Dendrite morphology transition (orientation transition) lead to the formation of the various macro-texture at the solidification interval. Subsequently, an appropriate correlation was established between the dendrite orientation selection, solidification texture and deformation behavior of the as-cast microstructure. The workability increases due to the addition of RE elements, which is related to the initial solidification texture and the morphology of the α-Mg dendrites. The results indicated that the dendrites which have snow-flake like morphology in the RE bearing alloys was more favorable for breaking of as-cast microstructure and occurrence of dynamic recrystallization.
Structure and optical properties of polycrystalline ZnSe thin films: validity of Swanepol’s approach for calculating the optical parameters
Authors: Hasaneen M F , Alrowaili Z A , Mohamed W S
Published: January 2020

Ultrasonically cleaned glass slides are used as substrates for receiving the different thickness of Zinc selenide (ZnSe) films. The deposition processes of our investigated films were done at room temperature using physical thermal evaporation mechanism under vacuum ≈2 × 105 mbar. We investigated the optical and structural parameters of ZnSe thin films in correlation with film thickness (200–650 nm). Various techniques such as UV–vis-NIR spectrophotometer, x-ray diffraction lines and field emission scanning electron microscope were used to investigate aforementioned parameters. Structural analysis indicate that the films exhibited cubic preferred orientation along the plane (111) and the crystallinity and crystallite size of films increases linearly with film thickness. The optical band gap ranges from 2.69 to 2.81 eV and it is founded that it increases with film thickness. According to the applied Swanepoel’s approach, it is possible to estimate the optical parameters and average thickness of the ZnSe thin films of different thicknesses with higher accuracy.
An investigation on the synergistic effect of Cu2O-Ag nanoparticle on its bactericidal and anticancerous properties
Authors: Karle Ashish , E Deepa , Kapur Ibani , Therese Helen Annal
Published: January 2020

Copper and silver are known to have good antibacterial and anti- fungal properties at nanoscale. Cu2O-Ag synthesis was attempted using hydrazine hydrate reduction method. The formation of Cu2O-Ag nanoparticles was confirmed using powder x-ray diffraction technique. Further the morphology and elemental compositions were analyzed by FESEM, HRTEM and XRF techniques. The antibacterial activity of the formed nanoparticles exhibited an excellent zone of inhibition compared to the existing antibiotics. The microbial broth curve obtained against Pseudomonas aeruginosa further confirmed the remarkable inhibiting property of the nanoparticle in a short span of 6 h post treatment (HPT). The synthesized nanoparticle showed very good activity against HCT-15 colon cancer cells by inhibiting their viability up to 27% when treated at higher concentration. Thus the synthesized nanoparticles seem to be a good candidate for various biological applications.
Haemoglobin causes neuronal damage in vivo which is preventable by haptoglobin
Authors: Garland Patrick , Morton Matthew J , Haskins William , Zolnourian Ardalan , Durnford Andrew , Gaastra Ben , Toombs Jamie , Heslegrave Amanda J , More John , Okemefuna Azubuike I , Teeling Jessica L , Graversen Jonas H , Zetterberg Henrik , Moestrup Soren K , Bulters Diederik O , Galea Ian
Published: January 2020

After subarachnoid haemorrhage, prolonged exposure to toxic extracellular haemoglobin occurs in the brain. Here, we investigate the role of haemoglobin neurotoxicity in vivo and its prevention. In humans after subarachnoid haemorrhage, haemoglobin in cerebrospinal fluid was associated with neurofilament light chain, a marker of neuronal damage. Most haemoglobin was not complexed with haptoglobin, an endogenous haemoglobin scavenger present at very low concentration in the brain. Exogenously added haptoglobin bound most uncomplexed haemoglobin, in the first 2 weeks after human subarachnoid haemorrhage, indicating a wide therapeutic window. In mice, the behavioural, vascular, cellular and molecular changes seen after human subarachnoid haemorrhage were recapitulated by modelling a single aspect of subarachnoid haemorrhage: prolonged intrathecal exposure to haemoglobin. Haemoglobin-induced behavioural deficits and astrocytic, microglial and synaptic changes were attenuated by haptoglobin. Haptoglobin treatment did not attenuate large-vessel vasospasm, yet improved clinical outcome by restricting diffusion of haemoglobin into the parenchyma and reducing small-vessel vasospasm. In summary, haemoglobin toxicity is of clinical importance and preventable by haptoglobin, independent of large-vessel vasospasm.
Easy One-Step Amplification and Labeling Procedure for Copy Number Variation Detection
Authors: Blesa Sebastián , Olivares María D , Alic Andy S , Serrano Alicia , Lendinez Verónica , González-Albert Verónica , Olivares Laura , Martínez-Hervás Sergio , Juanes José M , Marín Pablo , Real Jose T , Navarro Blanca , García-García Ana B , Chaves Felipe J , Ivorra Carmen
Published: January 2020

Background

The specific characteristics of copy number variations (CNVs) require specific methods of detection and characterization. We developed the Easy One-Step Amplification and Labeling procedure for CNV detection (EOSAL-CNV), a new method based on proportional amplification and labeling of amplicons in 1 PCR.

Methods

We used tailed primers for specific amplification and a pair of labeling probes (only 1 labeled) for amplification and labeling of all amplicons in just 1 reaction. Products were loaded directly onto a capillary DNA sequencer for fragment sizing and quantification. Data obtained could be analyzed by Microsoft Excel spreadsheet or EOSAL-CNV analysis software. We developed the protocol using the LDLR (low density lipoprotein receptor) gene including 23 samples with 8 different CNVs. After optimizing the protocol, it was used for genes in the following multiplexes: BRCA1 (BRCA1 DNA repair associated), BRCA2 (BRCA2 DNA repair associated), CHEK2 (checkpoint kinase 2), MLH1 (mutL homolog 1) plus MSH6 (mutS homolog 6), MSH2 (mutS homolog 2) plus EPCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) and chromosome 17 (especially the TP53 [tumor protein 53] gene). We compared our procedure with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA).

Results

The simple procedure for CNV detection required 150 min, with <10 min of handwork. After analyzing >240 samples, EOSAL-CNV excluded the presence of CNVs in all controls, and in all cases, results were identical using MLPA and EOSAL-CNV. Analysis of the 17p region in tumor samples showed 100% similarity between fluorescent in situ hybridization and EOSAL-CNV.

Conclusions

EOSAL-CNV allowed reliable, fast, easy detection and characterization of CNVs. It provides an alternative to targeted analysis methods such as MLPA.
Are We Ready for Proactive Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Anti-TNF to Optimize Care of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
Authors: Charabaty Aline
Published: January 2020

Lay Summary

Some patients with inflammatory bowel disease clear anti-TNF drugs out of their blood faster than others, and if there is not enough drug in the body, then the drug cannot control the bowel inflammation properly. Therapeutic drug monitoring is checking the drug level in the blood of patients to help adjust the treatment and make it more effective.
RBPTD: a database of cancer-related RNA-binding proteins in humans
Authors: Li Kun , Guo Zhi-Wei , Zhai Xiang-Ming , Yang Xue-Xi , Wu Ying-Song , Liu Tian-Cai
Published: January 2020

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play important roles in regulating the expression of genes involved in human physiological and pathological processes, especially in cancers. Many RBPs have been found to be dysregulated in cancers; however, there was no tool to incorporate high-throughput data from different dimensions to systematically identify cancer-related RBPs and to explore their causes of abnormality and their potential functions. Therefore, we developed a database named RBPTD to identify cancer-related RBPs in humans and systematically explore their functions and abnormalities by integrating different types of data, including gene expression profiles, prognosis data and DNA copy number variation (CNV), among 28 cancers. We found a total of 454 significantly differentially expressed RBPs, 1970 RBPs with significant prognostic value, and 53 dysregulated RBPs correlated with CNV abnormality. Functions of 26 cancer-related RBPs were explored by analysing high-throughput RNA sequencing data obtained by crosslinking immunoprecipitation, and the remaining RBP functions were predicted by calculating their correlation coefficient with other genes. Finally, we developed the RBPTD for users to explore functions and abnormalities of cancer-related RBPs to improve our understanding of their roles in tumorigenesis.

Database URL: http: //www.rbptd.com
Seasonal Population Dynamics, Sampling Distribution, and Fixed-Precision Sequential Sampling of Spectrobates ceratoniae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Pomegranate Orchards
Authors: Yaghobi Saeed , Rajabpour Ali , Zandi-Sohani Nooshin
Published: January 2020

The carob moth, Spectrobates ceratoniae Zeller, is the most destructive pest of pomegranate groves of Iran. Seasonal population dynamics of the pest was studied in pomegranate orchards of Sirvan, Ilam province, in southwestern Iran for 2 yr (2016/2017). Sampling distribution of the pest larvae on pomegranate fruits was evaluated by Taylor’s power law and Iwao’s patchiness index, and a fixed-precision sequential sampling plan of the pest was developed using Green’s model. The adult population peaked in June. The activity period of the larvae was observed from June to October and peaked in October. Sampling distribution of the larvae on pomegranate fruits was random. Estimated optimum sample sizes ranged from 1 to 44 and 1 to 16 fruits at precision levels of 0.25 and 0.1, respectively.