bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pseudo-relatives and restrictive-relatives in child Mandarin
Authors: HSU Chun-Chieh
Published: May 2022

This study investigated why object-gap relative clauses (RCs) are dominant in early child Mandarin. We discuss how restrictive-RCs differ from pseudo-RCs syntactically and pragmatically, and examine how these two types of RCs are distributed in the RC utterances of ten children and their caregivers. The results showed that (a) Mandarin-speaking children produce many more pseudo-RCs than restrictive-RCs, (b) restrictive-RCs exhibit a subject-gap advantage and are dominantly headed, and (c) pseudo-RCs exhibit an object-gap advantage and are dominantly headless. We propose that the development of restrictive-RCs is mainly influenced by the structural factor, and that the extensive use of pseudo-RCs is attributed to the communicative needs of young children. Our findings also suggest that young children’s pseudo-RCs tend to have a subject-focus reading, and the object-gap dominance observed in the pseudo-RCs of child Mandarin is related to the head-final RCs and the special structural features of the cleft construction in Mandarin.
Guarding a New Great Wall: The Politics of Household Registration Reforms and Public Provision in China
Authors: Hong Ren-Jie , Tseng Yu-Chi , Lin Thung-Hong
Published: May 2022

The household registration (hukou) system has been widely recognized as a key contributory factor to social inequality and tensions in China yet it remains intact despite a series of institutional reforms. What explains the resilience of the system? In this study, we address this puzzle by drawing on policy documents, statistical data and interviews. We argue that thehukousystem remains because it is used to protect the beneficiaries of welfare provision and to ensure pivotal groups continue to offer political support. We find that owing to the reforms, a formidable barrier has been erected between the guarded cities and other regions to protect healthcare and education resources from inbound migrant workers. Consequently, the institutional reforms of thehukousystem serve as a political contrivance for the survival of the Chinese party-state regime. The findings contribute to emerging literature on China's political control by elaborating political elites’ subtle tactics through various institutions at central and local levels. We expect the new “Great Wall” established under Xi's administration to be an even stronger barrier than before for migrants during the current pandemic and in the future.
Efficacy to avoid violence and parenting: A moderated mediation of violence exposure for African American urban-dwelling boys
Authors: Thomas Alvin , Assari Shervin , Odukoya Erica , Caldwell Cleopatra H.
Published: May 2022

We took a risk and resilience approach to investigating how witnessing physical violence influences adolescent violent behaviors overtime. We proposed efficacy to avoid violence as a major path of influence in this negative trajectory of adolescent development. We also focus on the protective roles of parenting behaviors for African American boys living in disadvantaged contexts. Most of our sample of 310 African American adolescent males (M age = 13.50, SD = .620) had experienced significant amounts of violence, but they also reported continued efficacy to avoid violence. We tested a first stage dual moderated mediation model and found that higher levels of witnessing violence lead to more violent behavior and less efficacy to avoid violence, and that efficacy was the mediator in that link. Youth who witness more violence may feel that engagement in violence is inescapable and thus may themselves end up engaging in it. These problematic long-term trajectories were moderated by parent’s communication about violence and monitoring revealing possible protections for youth, and an enhancement of youths’ internal strengths. Our findings propose pathways that can inform interventions that may protect African American adolescent boys against the vicious cycle of exposure to, and acts of, violence.
WTO Dispute Settlement: Crown Jewel or Costume Jewelry?
Authors: Davey William J.
Published: May 2022

The dispute settlement system of the World Trade Organization (WTO) knew considerable success in its early years, being described as the WTO's crown jewel. In recent years, the jewel has become tarnished. Its principal actor – the Appellate Body – is no longer functioning, and the practice of the membership has been to appeal almost all new panel reports, thereby consigning them to a legal limbo from which they seem unlikely to ever emerge. This paper briefly reviews the record of the WTO dispute settlement system, considers the problems that led to its current state and evaluates various proposals that have been made to reinvigorate the system.
Quo Vadis?On the role of just peacewithinjust war
Authors: Braun Christian Nikolaus
Published: May 2022

This article contributes to the debate about the future of just war thinking, which has been challenged by the emerging school of just peace. Just peace thinkers hope that by foregrounding nonviolent means just war reasoning will become obsolete. Recently, the German Catholic Bishops have argued that the traditional understanding of just war contributed to their predecessors' silence on the Second World War. Grounded in just peace thinking, their argument implies that had the new framework been in place at the time, it would have been easier for their predecessors to oppose Hitler's war. In this article, I defend traditional just war thinking as encountered in the thought of Thomas Aquinas. For Aquinas, just war thinking was part of an encompassing ethics of war and peace. In fact, peace was the primary goal. Grounded in Aquinas's understanding of virtue, I argue that there is a place for just peace scholarship within the just war framework. The tools of nonviolence should be seen as an important complement to the justifiable use of armed force.
Constraining the Particle Size Distribution of Large Marine Particles in the Global Ocean With In Situ Optical Observations and Supervised Learning
Authors: Clements D. J. , Yang S. , Weber T. , McDonnell A. M. P. , Kiko R. , Stemmann L. , Bianchi D.
Published: May 2022

The abundance and size distribution of marine particles control a range of biogeochemical and ecological processes in the ocean, including carbon sequestration. These quantities are the result of complex physical‐biological interactions that are difficult to observe, and their spatial and temporal patterns remain uncertain. Here, we present a novel analysis of particle size distributions (PSDs) from a global compilation of in situ Underwater Vision Profiler 5 (UVP5) optical measurements. Using a machine learning algorithm, we extrapolate sparse UVP5 observations to the global ocean from well‐sampled oceanographic variables. We reconstruct global maps of PSD parameters (biovolume [BV] and slope) for particles at the base of the euphotic zone. These reconstructions reveal consistent global patterns, with high chlorophyll regions generally characterized by high particle BV and flatter PSD slope, that is, a high relative abundance of large versus small particles. The resulting negative correlations between particle BV and slope further suggests synergistic effects on size‐dependent processes such as sinking particle fluxes. Our approach and estimates provide a baseline for an improved understanding of particle cycles in the ocean, and pave the way to global, three‐dimensional reconstructions of PSD and sinking particle fluxes from the growing body of UVP5 observations.
Poisson's Ratio Structure Beneath the Nazca Ridge
Authors: Contreras‐Reyes E. , Obando‐Orrego S. , Cortés‐Rivas V. , Krabbenhoeft A.
Published: May 2022

The Nazca Ridge (NR) was formed near the interaction of a hotspot mantle plume and an active spreading center. We use active‐source wide‐angle seismic data to obtain 2‐D Vp and Vs tomographic models, and hence the Poisson's ratio (ν) structure beneath the NR. Results show a ∼2 km thick seismic layer 2A with ν values of 0.25–0.32 in the uppermost crust interpreted as pillow basalts with a low degree of fracturing and/or hydrothermal alteration. The 2A/B boundary layer presents ν values of 0.27–0.29 consistent with pillow basalts/sheeted dykes units. A ∼3 km layer 2B overlies a ∼10 km layer 3 with ν values of 0.24–0.3 at the 2/3 boundary layer. The lowermost layer 3 presents ν values of 0.28 ± 0.02 suggesting an increase in Mg content (≥10% wt). The NR crust (∼15 km thick) requires an increment of the asthenospheric mantle potential temperature in ∼100°C formed by passive adiabatic decompression melting.
Generation Mechanisms of Plasma Density Irregularity in the Equatorial Ionosphere During a Geomagnetic Storm on 21–22 December 2014
Authors: Sori T. , Shinbori A. , Otsuka Y. , Tsugawa T. , Nishioka M. , Yoshikawa A.
Published: May 2022

The equatorial ionosphere endured plasma density irregularities during a geomagnetic storm on 21–22 December 2014. To understand the underlying mechanism, we analyzed the rate of the total electron content change (ROTI) data obtained from a global navigation satellite system, along with solar wind, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), geomagnetic indices, Jicamarca incoherent scatter radar, and magnetometer data. The results indicate that the ROTI enhancement related to plasma density irregularities (plasma bubbles) occurred three times in the equatorial and low latitude regions of the American sector during the geomagnetic storm. The first, second, and third enhancements which have a longitudinal extent of ∼20° appeared in the post‐sunset, pre‐midnight, and post‐midnight sectors, respectively. The second enhancement occurred during the recovery phase of the storm‐time substorm even though the IMF remained southward. During this period, the direction of the dayside equatorial electrojet (EEJ) changed from eastward to westward, while the nightside upward plasma velocity at Jicamarca increased to 28.8 m/s. The response of the EEJ and upward ion drift implies that the westward and eastward electric fields were intensified on the dayside and nightside, respectively. Therefore, these results suggest that an over‐shielding electric field penetrates the dayside/nightside equator simultaneously in association with a substorm recovery phase, and that the electric field generates plasma bubbles by the Rayleigh‐Taylor instability mechanism. Plasma bubbles induced by the penetration of an over‐shielding electric field due to substorm activity have not previously been reported.
Thank You to Our 2021 Peer Reviewers
Authors: Filippelli Gabriel , Colwell Rita , Anenberg Susan , Balbus John , Ceccarelli Daniela , Hudson‐Edwards Karen , Jutla Antarpreet , Miao Chiyuan , Sandifer Paul , Vengosh Avner
Published: May 2022

Key Points

The editors thank the 2021 peer reviewers

In 2021, GeoHealth benefited from 365 reviews provided by 241 of our peers

A number of individuals submitted multiple reviews for GeoHealth in 2021
Novel EMIC Wave Propagation Pathway Through Buchsbaum Resonance and Inter‐Hemispheric Wave Interference: Swarm Observations and Modeling
Authors: Pakhotin I. P. , Mann I. R. , Sydorenko D. , Rankin R.
Published: May 2022

In situ conjugate electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves observed by the Swarm mission in both hemispheres are presented. A complex and unusual pattern of Alfvénic EMIC wave energy is observed, with a mid‐latitude peak close to the source at L =3.3, as well as a secondary lower L‐peak. A wave propagation model reveals that the secondary peak at L =1.7 may be explained by wave power being redirected equatorward due to the Buchsbaum resonance, crossing and interfering with the same EMIC wave power propagating equatorwards from the opposite hemisphere. This interference creates a coherent equatorial driver for a low‐L field line resonance at the secondary peak, and which is associated with strong shear‐to‐fast mode coupling in the ionosphere. This behavior complicates the interpretation of low‐Earth orbit EMIC data for applications assessing radiation belt loss. Combined low Earth orbit observations and modeling enable these novel and localized magnetosphere‐ionosphere EMIC wave propagation pathways to be identified.
Strong Gravity Waves Associated With Tonga Volcano Eruption Revealed by SABER Observations
Authors: Liu Xiao , Xu Jiyao , Yue Jia , Kogure Masaru
Published: May 2022

Using the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry temperature profiles from January 6 to 21 2022, we studied the mesospheric gravity waves (GWs) associated with the Tonga volcano eruption on January 15. We observed that the eruption induced strong GWs in the mesosphere. Detailed analysis shows that there were strong GWs with amplitudes greater than 30 K (twice the usual GWs) on January 15. These GWs have dominant vertical wavelengths of 13.9–25.5 km and horizontal speeds of 44–81 ms−1, and they have intrinsic periods (momentum flux per unit mass) of ∼2–5 hr (4–320 m2s−2). The strong but slow GWs observed here are opposite to the fast GWs observed at different atmospheric layers after the Tonga volcano eruption, and are stronger than the GWs associated with other volcanic eruption and extreme weather events. Such that one can get a more comprehensive picture on GWs excited by a powerful source.
Identification of High δ18O Adakite‐Like Granites in SE Tibet: Implication for Diapiric Relamination of Subducted Sediments
Authors: Xu Jian , Xia Xiao‐Ping , Spencer Christopher J. , Wang Qiang , Yin Chang‐Qing
Published: May 2022

Sediment relamination in subduction zones is posited to be important for the compositional evolution, physical structure and material recycling of the Earth. Despite support from numerical experimental modeling and geophysical observation, magmatic evidence for relamination is rare and difficult to identify in ancient and modern convergent systems. Here we report newly identified ca.32–27 Ma adakite‐like granites with high δ18O values (up to 10.38‰) from the Ailaoshan‐Red River (ASRR) shear zone in western Yunnan (SE Tibet). Their geochronological and compositional data strongly exhibits significant contributions from Permian‐Eocene sedimentary rocks in the lower crust (30–45 km). Our study provides further evidence that the lower crust may be partially composed of more felsic lithologies likely originating from rapid supracrustal material recycling via diapiric relamination of (meta)sedimentary material during Cenozoic‐age continental subduction. The ASRR adakite‐like granites thus represent clear magmatic evidence for sediment relamination in a subduction system.
The Angular Distribution of Lower Band Chorus Waves Near Plasmaspheric Plumes
Authors: Hartley D. P. , Chen L. , Christopher I. W. , Kletzing C. A. , Santolik O. , Li W. , Shi R.
Published: May 2022

Plumes have been identified as an access region for chorus waves to enter the plasmasphere. Here, for the first time, chorus wave properties are parameterized by distance from the plume boundary. Case studies and statistical analysis indicate that the polar wave vector angle, θk, of chorus becomes more oblique near the plume edge. Occurrence rates of θk > 35° on the plume boundary are approximately double that observed further away from the plume. Whilst the increase in θk is apparent on both plume edges, the distribution of θk exhibits different behavior between the Eastward and Westward boundaries. In general, the distribution of azimuthal wave vector angles, ϕk, is symmetric about the anti‐Earthwards direction. However, near the Eastward plume boundary, an Eastwards skew of ϕk is reported. This result provides new insight on chorus propagation in the context of the chorus‐to‐hiss mechanism, and has implications for quantifying wave‐particle interactions in the near‐plume region.
Effect of alloying in monolayer niobium dichalcogenide superconductors
Authors: Wickramaratne Darshana , Mazin I. I.
Published: May 2022

When sulfur and silicon are incorporated in monolayer 2H-NbSe2 the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, has been found to vary non-monotonically. This was assumed to be a manifestation of fractal superconductivity. Using first-principles calculations, we show that the nonmonotonic dependence of Tc is insufficient evidence for multifractality. A unifying aspect in our study are selenium vacancies in NbSe2, which are magnetic pair-breaking defects that we propose can be present in considerable concentrations in as-grown NbSe2. We show that sulfur and silicon can occupy the selenium sites and reduce the pair-breaking effect. Furthermore, when sulfur is incorporated in NbSe2, the density of states at the Fermi level and the proximity to magnetism in the alloy are both reduced compared to the parent compound. Based on our results, we propose an alternative explanation of the non-monotonic change in Tc which does not require the conjecture of multifractality.
Observation of Bloch oscillations dominated by effective anyonic particle statistics
Authors: Zhang Weixuan , Yuan Hao , Wang Haiteng , Di Fengxiao , Sun Na , Zheng Xingen , Sun Houjun , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: May 2022

Bloch oscillations are exotic phenomena describing the periodic motion of a wave packet subjected to an external force in a lattice, where a system possessing single or multiple particles could exhibit distinct oscillation behaviors. In particular, it has been pointed out that quantum statistics could dramatically affect the Bloch oscillation even in the absence of particle interactions, where the oscillation frequency of two pseudofermions with an anyonic statistical angle of $${{{\boldsymbol{\pi }}}}$$
π
becomes half of that for two bosons. However, these statistically dependent Bloch oscillations have never been observed in experiments until now. Here, we report the experimental simulation of anyonic Bloch oscillations using electric circuits. By mapping the eigenstates of two anyons to the modes of the designed circuit simulators, the Bloch oscillations of two bosons and two pseudofermions are verified by measuring the voltage dynamics. The oscillation period in the two-boson simulator is almost twice of that in the two-pseudofermion simulator, that is consistent with the theoretical prediction. Our proposal provides a flexible platform to investigate and visualize many interesting phenomena related to particle statistics and could have potential applications in the field of the signal control.
Corrosion as the origin of limited lifetime of vanadium oxide-based aqueous zinc ion batteries
Authors: Kim Yangmoon , Park Youngbin , Kim Minkwan , Lee Jimin , Kim Ki Jae , Choi Jang Wook
Published: May 2022

Aqueous zinc ion batteries are receiving increasing attention for large-scale energy storage systems owing to their attractive features with respect to safety, cost, and scalability. Although vanadium oxides with various compositions have been demonstrated to store zinc ions reversibly, their limited cyclability especially at low current densities and their poor calendar life impede their widespread practical adoption. Herein, we reveal that the electrochemically inactive zinc pyrovanadate (ZVO) phase formed on the cathode surface is the main cause of the limited sustainability. Moreover, the formation of ZVO is closely related to the corrosion of the zinc metal counter electrode by perturbing the pH of the electrolyte. Thus, the dissolution of VO2(OH)2−, the source of the vanadium in the ZVO, is no longer prevented. The proposed amalgamated Zn anode improves the cyclability drastically by blocking the corrosion at the anode, verifying the importance of pH control and the interplay between both electrodes.
Structural basis for the inhibition of IAPP fibril formation by the co-chaperonin prefoldin
Authors: Törner Ricarda , Kupreichyk Tatsiana , Gremer Lothar , Debled Elisa Colas , Fenel Daphna , Schemmert Sarah , Gans Pierre , Willbold Dieter , Schoehn Guy , Hoyer Wolfgang , Boisbouvier Jerome
Published: May 2022

Chaperones, as modulators of protein conformational states, are key cellular actors to prevent the accumulation of fibrillar aggregates. Here, we integrated kinetic investigations with structural studies to elucidate how the ubiquitous co-chaperonin prefoldin inhibits diabetes associated islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) fibril formation. We demonstrated that both human and archaeal prefoldin interfere similarly with the IAPP fibril elongation and secondary nucleation pathways. Using archaeal prefoldin model, we combined nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with electron microscopy to establish that the inhibition of fibril formation is mediated by the binding of prefoldin’s coiled-coil helices to the flexible IAPP N-terminal segment accessible on the fibril surface and fibril ends. Atomic force microscopy demonstrates that binding of prefoldin to IAPP leads to the formation of lower amounts of aggregates, composed of shorter fibrils, clustered together. Linking structural models with observed fibrillation inhibition processes opens perspectives for understanding the interference between natural chaperones and formation of disease-associated amyloids.
Patterns and ecological drivers of viral communities in acid mine drainage sediments across Southern China
Authors: Gao Shaoming , Paez-Espino David , Li Jintian , Ai Hongxia , Liang Jieliang , Luo Zhenhao , Zheng Jin , Chen Hao , Shu Wensheng , Huang Linan
Published: May 2022

Recent advances in environmental genomics have provided unprecedented opportunities for the investigation of viruses in natural settings. Yet, our knowledge of viral biogeographic patterns and the corresponding drivers is still limited. Here, we perform metagenomic deep sequencing on 90 acid mine drainage (AMD) sediments sampled across Southern China and examine the biogeography of viruses in this extreme environment. The results demonstrate that prokaryotic communities dictate viral taxonomic and functional diversity, abundance and structure, whereas other factors especially latitude and mean annual temperature also impact viral populations and functions. In silico predictions highlight lineage-specific virus-host abundance ratios and richness-dependent virus-host interaction structure. Further functional analyses reveal important roles of environmental conditions and horizontal gene transfers in shaping viral auxiliary metabolic genes potentially involved in phosphorus assimilation. Our findings underscore the importance of both abiotic and biotic factors in predicting the taxonomic and functional biogeographic dynamics of viruses in the AMD sediments.
Fire-retardant effect of titania-polyurea coating and additional enhancement via aromatic diamine and modified melamine polyphosphate
Authors: Rong Ze , Li Yuanzhe , Lim Rachel ZhiQi , Wang Haojing , Dong ZhiLi , Li Kexin , Wang Xueli
Published: May 2022

Polymeric materials and composites are well suited to support structures in marine conditions due to their corrosion resistance. However, their low glass transition temperature makes them vulnerable to softening at high temperatures. Hence, fire retardancy is a key aspect if these materials are selected to ensure stiffness under flammable conditions. In this paper, a fire-retardant polyurea coating for industrial applications is proposed. The aromatic diamine and aliphatic diisocyanate are believed to have a synergistic effect in improving flame properties. Moreover, various combinations of flame-retardant additives with aromatic and aliphatic-based polyurea are mixed to further improve fire-retardancy. Through the characterizations of their glass transition temperature and delay in the ignition, it indicates that the combination of Talc and melamine polyphosphate may provide an outstanding enhancement for the Titania-polyurea coating, and such enhancement may improve its original tensile and compression strength, and surface hardness as well.
Age- and gender-based comorbidity categories in general practitioner and pulmonology patients with COPD
Authors: Kim-Dorner Su-Jong , Schmidt Torben , Kuhlmann Alexander , Graf von der Schulenburg Johann-Matthias , Welte Tobias , Lingner Heidrun
Published: May 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating medical condition often accompanied by multiple chronic conditions. COPD is more frequent among older adults and affects both genders. The aim of the current cross-sectional survey was to characterize chronic comorbidities stratified by gender and age among patients with COPD under the care of general practitioners (GP) and pulmonologists, using real-world patient data. A total of 7966 COPD patients (women: 45%) with more than 5 years of the observation period in the practice were examined using 60 different Chronic comorbid conditions (CCC) and Elixhauser measures. More than 9 in 10 patients had at least one, and 51.7% had more than three comorbidities. No gender difference was found in the number of comorbidities. However, men had higher Elixhauser-van Walraven index scores than women, and the types of comorbidities differed by gender. An increasing number of comorbidities was seen with aging but the patients in their 30s and 40s also had a high number of comorbidities. Moreover, GP patients had a higher number and a wider array of documented comorbidities than pulmonology patients did. Psychological comorbidities were common in all patients, but particularly among younger patients. These findings around gender- and age-stratified comorbidities under the care of GPs and pulmonologists have implications for the choice of data provenience for decision-making analysis and treatment selection and success.
Bacterial communities associated with silage of different forage crops in Malaysian climate analysed using 16S amplicon metagenomics
Authors: Hisham Minhalina Badrul , Hashim Amalia Mohd , Mohd Hanafi Nursyuhaida , Abdul Rahman Norafizah , Abdul Mutalib Nur Elina , Tan Chun Keat , Nazli Muhamad Hazim , Mohd Yusoff Nur Fatihah
Published: May 2022

Silage produced in tropical countries is prone to spoilage because of high humidity and temperature. Therefore, determining indigenous bacteria as potential inoculants is important to improve silage quality. This study aimed to determine bacterial community and functional changes associated with ensiling using amplicon metagenomics and to predict potential bacterial additives associated with silage quality in the Malaysian climate. Silages of two forage crops (sweet corn and Napier) were prepared, and their fermentation properties and functional bacterial communities were analysed. After ensiling, both silages were predominated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and they exhibited good silage quality with significant increment in lactic acid, reductions in pH and water-soluble carbohydrates, low level of acetic acid and the absence of propionic and butyric acid. LAB consortia consisting of homolactic and heterolactic species were proposed to be the potential bacterial additives for sweet corn and Napier silage fermentation. Tax4fun functional prediction revealed metabolic pathways related to fermentation activities (bacterial division, carbohydrate transport and catabolism, and secondary metabolite production) were enriched in ensiled crops (p < 0.05). These results might suggest active transport and metabolism of plant carbohydrates into a usable form to sustain bacterial reproduction during silage fermentation, yielding metabolic products such as lactic acid. This research has provided a comprehensive understanding of bacterial communities before and after ensiling, which can be useful for desirable silage fermentation in Malaysia.
Mouse lung mechanical properties under varying inflation volumes and cycling frequencies
Authors: Quiros K. A. M. , Nelson T. M. , Sattari S. , Mariano C. A. , Ulu A. , Dominguez E. C. , Nordgren T. M. , Eskandari M.
Published: May 2022

Respiratory pathologies alter the structure of the lung and impact its mechanics. Mice are widely used in the study of lung pathologies, but there is a lack of fundamental mechanical measurements assessing the interdependent effect of varying inflation volumes and cycling frequency. In this study, the mechanical properties of five male C57BL/6J mice (29–33 weeks of age) lungs were evaluated ex vivo using our custom-designed electromechanical, continuous measure ventilation apparatus. We comprehensively quantify and analyze the effect of loading volumes (0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 ml) and breathing rates (5, 10, 20 breaths per minute) on pulmonary inflation and deflation mechanical properties. We report means of static compliance between 5.4–16.1 µl/cmH2O, deflation compliance of 5.3–22.2 µl/cmH2O, percent relaxation of 21.7–39.1%, hysteresis of 1.11–7.6 ml•cmH2O, and energy loss of 39–58% for the range of four volumes and three rates tested, along with additional measures. We conclude that inflation volume was found to significantly affect hysteresis, static compliance, starting compliance, top compliance, deflation compliance, and percent relaxation, and cycling rate was found to affect only hysteresis, energy loss, percent relaxation, static compliance and deflation compliance.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Optimal scheduling of integrated energy system based on improved grey wolf optimization algorithm
Authors: Du Jun , Zhang Zongnan , Li Menghan , Guo Jing , Zhu Kongge
Published: May 2022

The optimal scheduling problem of integrated energy system (IES) has the characteristics of high-dimensional nonlinearity. Using the traditional Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) to solve the problem, it is easy to fall into a local optimum in the process of optimization, resulting in a low-quality scheduling scheme. Aiming at the dispatchability of electric and heat loads, this paper proposes an electric and heat comprehensive demand response model considering the participation of dispatchers. On the basis of incentive demand response, the group aggregation model of electrical load is constructed, and the electric load response model is constructed with the goal of minimizing the deviation between the dispatch signal and the load group aggregation characteristic model. Then, a heat load scheduling model is constructed according to the ambiguity of the human body's perception of temperature. On the basis of traditional GWO, the Fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm is used to group wolves, which increases the diversity of the population, uses the Harris Hawk Optimizer (HHO) to design the prey to search for the best escape position, and reduces the local The optimal probability, and the use of Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO) and Bat Optimizer (BO) to design the moving modes of different positions, increase the ability to find the global optimum, so as to obtain an Improved Gray Wolf Optimizer (IGWO), and then efficiently solve the model. IGWO can improve the defect of insufficient population diversity in the later stage of evolution, so that the population diversity can be better maintained during the entire evolution process. While taking into account the speed of optimization, it improves the algorithm's ability to jump out of the local optimum and realizes continuous deep search. Compared with the traditional intelligent Optimizer, IGWO has obvious improvement and achieved better results. At the same time, the comprehensive demand response that considers the dispatcher's desired signal improves the accommodation of new energy and reduces the operating cost of the system, and promotes the benign interaction between the source and the load.
Experimental observations of the effects of intermolecular Van der Waals force on entropy
Authors: Marko Matthew David
Published: May 2022

An experimental effort was conducted to measure the change in internal energy of non-ideal carbon dioxide as its volume rapidly expanded with the sudden opening of a valve from one to two compressed gas cylinders. This was achieved by measuring the mass heat capacity of the gas cylinders and the manifold-valve, and measuring the change in temperature from the sudden doubling of volume of the non-ideal carbon dioxide. It was determined that an empirical equation for the change in internal energy of a non-ideal fluid was more accurate than previous methods used for estimating the change in internal energy by estimating the change in entropy. With this empirical equation, a theoretical ideal Stirling cycle heat engine that exceeds the Carnot efficiency was realized by utilizing non-ideal carbon dioxide as a working fluid.
Phase transition induced by an external electric field as a buffer to facilitate the initial decomposition of a series of catenated nitrogen energetic systems: a first-principles study
Authors: Wu Xiaowei , Xu Jianhua , Li Yunqiu , Zhu Simin , Dong Wenshuai , Zhang Jian-Guo
Published: May 2022

The variation trend of the trigger bond length in N4, N8 and N10 as a function of the external electric field is investigated.
Potential nutritional healthy-aging strategy: enhanced protein metabolism by balancing branched-chain amino acids in a finishing pig model
Authors: Zhang Lingyu , Guo Qiuping , Duan Yehui , Wang Wenlong , Yang Yuhuan , Yin Yunju , Gong Saiming , Han Mengmeng , Li Fengna , Yin Yulong
Published: May 2022

Balanced branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have key physiological roles in the regulation of protein synthesis and metabolism,which could be a potential nutritional healthy-aging strategy.
Fluorescent sensor array based on aggregation-induced emission luminogens for pathogen discrimination
Authors: Li Zelin , Xu Li , Yuan Huanxiang , Zhang Pengbo
Published: May 2022

A high-throughput tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based fluorescent sensor array was constructed for the identification and detection of microorganisms.
Cationic porphyrin-based nanoparticles for photodynamic inactivation and identification of bacteria strains
Authors: Li Lin , Wang Yan , Huang Tao , He Xiaodong , Zhang Kai , Kang En-Tang , Xu Liqun
Published: May 2022

The cationic porphyrin-based nanoparticles were prepared by epoxy–amine chain extension polymerization and quaternization for the photodynamic inactivation and identification of Gram-positive bacteria.
Novel conjugated small molecule-based nanoparticles for NIR-II photothermal antibacterial therapy
Authors: Jia Wenying , Huang Fangfang , Zhang Qiang , Zhao Linlin , Li Chenxi , Lu Yan
Published: May 2022

A novel photothermal agent CPDT-T is developed and the corresponding nano-agent CNP exhibits high PTCE of 49% and outstanding bacteria inhibition efficiency of almost 100% against S. aureus under NIR-II laser irradiation (1064 nm).
Visible light-induced deoxygenation/cyclization of salicylic acid derivatives and aryl acetylene for the synthesis of flavonoids
Authors: Fan Xiaodong , He Chaoyin , Ji Mengmeng , Sun Xinhui , Luo Huan , Li Chao , Tong Huixin , Zhang Weiya , Sun Zhizhong , Chu Wenyi
Published: May 2022

Photocatalytic diphenyl sulfide promoted deoxygenation of salicylic acid derivatives and coupling cyclization of terminal alkynes for the synthesis of flavonoids.
Selective oxidation of methane to methanol and methyl hydroperoxide over palladium modified MoO3 photocatalyst under ambient conditions
Authors: Sun Songmei , Dummer Nicholas F. , Bere Takudzwa , Barnes Alexandra J. , Shaw Greg , Douthwaite Mark , Pattisson Samuel , Lewis Richard J. , Richards Nia , Morgan David J. , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: May 2022

In situ generated H2O2 from water on Pd–MoO3 catalyst can oxide methane into methanol and methyl hydroperoxide with high selectivity under simulated solar light irradiation.
Dehydration-activated structural phase transition in a two-dimensional hybrid double perovskite
Authors: Ren Rui-Ying , Su Chang-Yuan , Shao Ting , Zhang Zhi-Xu , Huang Pei-Zhi , Zhang Yi , Jia Qiang-Qiang , Fu Da-Wei
Published: May 2022

In this work, the solid-to-solid structural phase transition of a two-dimensional hybrid double perovskite (CHA)4CuBiI8 was successfully activated via the dehydration of (CHA)4CuBiI8·H2O.
A lead bromide organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite material showing reversible dual phase transition and robust SHG switching
Authors: Han Keke , Wei Zhenhong , Ye Xing , Li Bo , Wang Pan , Cai Hu
Published: May 2022

A one-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite material [3.3.0-dabco]PbBr3 exhibits a robust and switchable second harmonic generation effect during its centrosymmetric to noncentrosymmetric symmetry breaking phase transition at 387 K.
Enabling room-temperature reductive C–N coupling of nitroarenes: combining homogeneous and heterogeneous synergetic catalyses mediated by light
Authors: Dong Xuexue , Yang Yiying , Shen Yang , Yuan Aihua , Guo Zengjing , Song Heng , Yang Fu
Published: May 2022

The green synthesis of (hetero)aromatic amines is highly expected but challenging.
Graphene oxide as a dual template for induced helicity of peptides
Authors: Pandit Subrata , Maroli Nikhil , Naskar Supriyo , Khatri Bhavesh , Maiti Prabal K. , De Mrinmoy
Published: May 2022

Artificial template-mediated fabrication of secondary structures within peptides always attracts great interest in biological systems due to several biomimetic interactions.
The Correlation Between Perceptual Ratings and Nasalance Scores in Resonance Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Yilan , Lee Sue Ann S. , Chen Wenjun
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Assessment of resonance characteristics is essential in research and clinical practice in individuals with velopharyngeal impairment. The purpose of this study was to systematically review correlations between auditory-perceptual ratings and nasalance scores obtained by a nasometer in individuals with resonance disorders and to identify factors that affected the correlations between these two measures.

Method:

Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic search was conducted for studies reporting a correlation between nasality ratings and nasalance scores using six electronic databases based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results:

A total of 27 studies were included in this systematic review. Characteristics of study components including participants, types of assessment and stimuli, correlation coefficients, and reliability values of each study were identified, and a narrative synthesis was conducted. The methodological quality of each study was also appraised. The correlation level between nasalance values and nasality ratings varied from nonsignificant to strong (
r
= .92). The quality rating scores of the selected studies ranged from 44% to 94%, with an average score of 75%.

Discussion:

Factors that did or did not affect the varied correlation between nasality ratings and nasalance scores were discussed. Speech stimuli and the listeners' background were associated with correlations between the two measures. In addition, the sex of the speakers could be a factor affecting its correlation. However, the types of perceptual scales and listening conditions did not influence its correlations between the two measures.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19653207
Pulsar scintillation studies with LOFAR
Authors: Wu Ziwei , Verbiest Joris P. W. , Main Robert A. , Grießmeier Jean-Mathias , Liu Yulan , Osłowski Stefan , Moochickal Ambalappat Krishnakumar , Nielsen Ann-Sofie Bak , Künsemöller Jörn , Donner Julian Y. , Tiburzi Caterina , Porayko Nataliya , Serylak Maciej , Künkel Lars , Brüggen Marcus , Vocks Christian
Published: May 2022

Context. Interstellar scintillation (ISS) of pulsar emission can be used both as a probe of the ionized interstellar medium (IISM) and cause corruptions in pulsar timing experiments. Of particular interest are so-called scintillation arcs which can be used to measure time-variable interstellar scattering delays directly, potentially allowing high-precision improvements to timing precision.

Aims. The primary aim of this study is to carry out the first sizeable and self-consistent census of diffractive pulsar scintillation and scintillation-arc detectability at low frequencies, as a primer for larger-scale IISM studies and pulsar-timing related propagation studies with the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) High Band Antennae (HBA).

Methods. We use observations from five international LOFAR stations and the LOFAR core in the Netherlands. We analyze the 2D auto-covariance function of the dynamic spectra of these observations to determine the characteristic bandwidth and timescale of the ISS toward the pulsars in our sample and investigate the 2D power spectra of the dynamic spectra to determine the presence of scintillation arcs.

Results. In this initial set of 31 sources, 15 allow for the full determination of the scintillation properties; nine of these show detectable scintillation arcs at 120–180 MHz. Eight of the observed sources show unresolved scintillation; and the final eight do not display diffractive scintillation. Some correlation between scintillation detectability and pulsar brightness and a dispersion measure is apparent, although no clear cut-off values can be determined. Our measurements across a large fractional bandwidth allow a meaningful test of the frequency scaling of scintillation parameters, uncorrupted by influences from refractive scintillation variations.

Conclusions. Our results indicate the powerful advantage and great potential of ISS studies at low frequencies and the complex dependence of scintillation detectability on parameters such as pulsar brightness and interstellar dispersion. This work provides the first installment of a larger-scale census and longer-term monitoring of ISS effects at low frequencies.
Generalised model-independent characterisation of strong gravitational lenses
Authors: Wagner Jenny
Published: May 2022

We investigate the impact of higher-order gravitational lens properties and properties of the background source on our approach to directly infer local lens properties from observables in multiple images of strong gravitationally lensed extended, static background sources developed in Papers I–VI. As the degeneracy between local lens and source properties only allows one to determine relative local lens properties between the multiple image positions, we cannot distinguish common scalings and distortions caused by lensing from intrinsic source characteristics. The consequences of this degeneracy for lens modelling and our approach and ways to break it are detailed here. We also set up quantitative measures around the critical curve to find clear limits on the validity of the approximation that source properties are negligible to infer local lens properties at critical points. The impact of the source on the local lens properties depends on the reduced shear at the image position and the amplitude and orientation of the source ellipticity, as we derive in this paper. Similarly, we investigate the role of third-order lens properties (flexion), in two galaxy-cluster simulations and in the Lenstool-reconstruction of the galaxy-cluster lens CL0024. In all three cases, we find that flexion is negligible in over 90% of all pixels of the lensing region for our current imprecision of local lens properties of about 10%. Decreasing the imprecision to 2%, higher-order terms start to play a role, especially in regions with shear components close to zero.
Research on parafoil optimal flight path planning algorithm for precise recovery of sub-stage booster of rocket
Authors: XING Xiaojun , HAN Yichen , FAN Guozheng , CHEN Mengping , LI Fenghao
Published: May 2022

Parafoil is an important novel method to realize the precise recovery of sub-stage booster of rocket. In this paper, a parafoil optimal path planning algorithm based on longicorn algorithm is proposed to solve the problems that the parafoil is easily affected by wind field and the error of landing point is large in the recovery of sub-stage booster of rocket. Firstly, according to the dynamics and kinematics equations of the parafoil and a rocket sub-stage combined system, a 6-degree-of-freedom model of the system was established to analyze the effects of different downward deviation on the forward velocity, vertical velocity and the trajectory planning of the parafoil during the homing process of the rocket sub-stage. On this basis, the number of circling turns, radius and azimuth of the cutting-high section of the combination of the parafoil and the sub-stage booster were taken as the optimal parameters, and the optimal path planning was carried out by using the longicorn algorithm. Finally, a homing path with comprehensive consideration of energy and the accuracy of the landing point was obtained. The simulation results show that the piecewise optimal flight path planning algorithm based on longicorn algorithm proposed in this paper has fast convergence speed and high precision of flight track landing point.
Cryptographic core design security verification and vulnerability detection based on information flow analysis
Authors: MA Yixin , TANG Shibo , TAN Jing , LI Xuefei , HU Wei
Published: May 2022

Cryptographic cores are the key components to enforce information security properties related to confidentiality and integrity. Since the security of a cryptographic core implementation and the security of the cryptographic algorithm itself from the mathematical perspective are two different problems, cryptographic cores may contain hidden security vulnerabilities such as design flaws and side channels. Security analysis methods based on functional verification rely heavily on the quality of test vectors and usually have low test coverage, which is difficult to meet the security verification requirements of security-critical components like cryptographic cores. This work proposes a cryptographic core security verification and vulnerability detection method from the perspective of information flow security. The proposed method can accurately measure all logical information flows in cryptographic core designs to formally verify security properties such as confidentiality and integrity. It can detect potential security vulnerabilities in cryptographic implementations by capturing harmful information flows. Experimental results show that our information flow security verification method is effective in detecting sensitive information leakage caused by the design vulnerabilities and side channels in cryptographic cores.
Joint motion planning of industrial robot based on hybrid polynomial interpolation
Authors: PU Yasong , SHI Yaoyao , LIN Xiaojun , ZHANG Wenbin , CHEN Zhen
Published: May 2022

To plan an industrial robot's point-to-point joint motion that has velocity constraints, the cubic polynomial interpolation planning method has angular acceleration discontinuity. The quintic polynomial interpolation planning method needs to set in advance the angular acceleration values of target points and easily causes angular velocity fluctuation. Because of the existence of quintic polynomials, hybrid polynomial planning 3-5-…-5-3 also easily causes large angular velocity fluctuation. To solve these problems, a hybrid polynomial interpolation planning method based on cubic and quartic polynomial interpolation is proposed. Cubic polynomial interpolation planning is applied to the first planning, and quartic polynomial interpolation planning is used for the rest of planning. The planning method can not only specify the angular velocities of intermediate target points but also ensure the continuity of angular acceleration. In addition, there is no need to set in advance the angular acceleration values of target points so as to avoid the angular velocity fluctuation caused by the unreasonable presetting of angular acceleration. Furthermore, in order to avoid excessive peaks of angular velocity during the joint motion planning, a calculation method for finding out reasonable motion time is put forward, under which the larger speed at two target points is taken as maximum, thus making the planned angular velocity fluctuation small. A case study is performed to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the planning method. Compared with the other two planning methods used for the case study, our planning method can effectively solve the problems of point-to-point joint motion planning with velocity constrains, therefore being beneficial to the working performance and service life of an industrial robot.