bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿La Corte Constitucional colombiana está dejando de proteger el trabajo de los más pobres?
Authors: Porras Santanilla Laura Cecilia , Rodríguez Morales Andrés
Published: February 2023

Este artículo estudia los fallos de tutela expedidos por la Corte Constitucional colombiana en casos donde trabajadores pobres que se la “rebuscan” en espacios públicos activan el aparato judicial para impedir que autoridades estatales les impidan (por distintas razones) llevar a cabo sus actividades productivas. Presentamos dos hallazgos. En primer lugar, argumentamos que la acción de tutela ha sido útil para coordinar derechos constitucionales abstractos (como el derecho al trabajo y al mínimo vital), con diferentes regulaciones locales que impactan la vida de los trabajadores más pobres, como las que prohíben que éstos cuiden carros en la calle. En casos de recicladores, carperos, escribientes, bicitaxistas y trabajadoras sexuales, entre otros, la Corte protege los derechos de los accionantes, pues entiende que, hasta tanto se les ofrezcan alternativas de empleo y/o programas de asistencia social que cubran su mínimo vital, impedir que trabajen en el espacio público es una aspiración puramente simbólica. Sin embargo, argumentamos, en segundo lugar, que en el caso de vendedores ambulantes desalojados por “invadir” el espacio público, la Corte se está alejando del balance constitucional decantado que protegía su derecho al trabajo, utilizando argumentos dudosos de procedibilidad que deberían ser reconsiderados y desechados en futuras decisiones.
El derecho a la salud en Chile y Colombia. La narrativa judicial respecto a la justiciabilidad del derecho a la salud, en los ordenamientos constitucionales de ambos países
Authors: Poyanco Bugueño Rodrigo Andrés , Fuentes-Contreras Édgar Hernán
Published: February 2023

El presente artículo de identifica y compara la narrativa jurisprudencial sostenida por la Corte Constitucional de Colombia y la Corte Suprema de Chile en relación con la justiciabilidad directa del derecho a la salud. A partir de una metodología exploratoria, correlaciona las decisiones analizadas y encuentra puntos comunes, pese al disímil diseño constitucional de ambos países, lo cual permite sostener una hipótesis crítica en relación con los riesgos que dicho modelo decisional puede generar para la garantía de los derechos en su conjunto y la dictación de políticas sociales integrales. Así, durante tres acápites principales, se expone un marco conceptual sobre las relaciones entre los derechos a la vida y la salud; la regulación constitucional de estos derechos en cada uno de dichos ordenamientos y las modificaciones que ha sufrido su entendimiento en la narrativa jurisprudencial de los tribunales mencionados, y, por último, las reflexiones finales correspondientes.
Constitucionalización simbólica y la vida desnuda del trabajador esclavo en Brasil
Authors: Santos Carvalho José Lúcas , Davila Flávia de
Published: February 2023

La Enmienda Constitucional 81/2014 determinó la expropiación de bienes oriundos de la exploración del trabajo esclavo. Sin embargo, se comprende tal alteración como una norma de eficacia contenida, que depende de la regulación subconstitucional. Hubo, así, transferencia de la solución para otro momento, caracterizándose un acto de constitucionalización simbólica como fórmula de compromiso dilatorio. Paralelamente, en el mismo momento histórico en que se discuten en el parlamento brasileño fórmulas para la reducción del concepto de esclavitud, se solicita internacionalmente a Brasil a perfeccionar sus mecanismos de combate a la esclavitud. Este artículo utiliza la base teórica de la biopolítica del filósofo Giorgio Agamben; defiende que la constitucionalización simbólica es una herramienta del poder soberano, en el ejercicio de sus tácticas de control y mantenimiento de poder sobre la vida. De este modo, se mantendría la estructura de la sociedad brasileña basada en un control biopolítico de exclusión-inclusión del sujeto viviente —en el caso estudiado, el trabajador esclavo—, consolidando, así, la vida desnuda en la sociedad contemporánea.
Informe: avances y retrocesos de la seguridad social en México, 2021
Authors: Mendizábal Bermúdez Gabriela
Published: February 2023

La seguridad social es un derecho humano reconocido en instrumentos internacionales y también en la legislación interna de cada país occidental del mundo. Esto ha sido posible gracias al desarrollo constante perceptible en los sucesos relacionados con la generación, administración y aplicación del derecho de la seguridad social. En este contexto, la seguridad social puede presentar avances o retrocesos si se analiza en un periodo determinado. Por lo anterior, este informe se ocupa de presentar los eventos más importantes de 2021 en esa materia en México, desde el enfoque que dan los cambios en programas y políticas sociales; las principales resoluciones de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación; las reformas legislativas y los avances en seguridad social internacional.
A INFLUÊNCIA DA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL NA INTOXICAÇÃO EXÓGENA
Authors: Barroso Filho Afrânio Almeida , Bessa Larissa Batista , BACHUR Tatiana Paschoalette Rodrigues
Published: February 2023

A microbiota intestinal do ser humano compreende de 10 a 100 trilhões de microrganismos, representando uma ecologia complexa e dinâmica que desempenha um importante papel na saúde do hospedeiro. Esta microbiota intervém no metabolismo de compostos estranhos ao organismo, podendo ter influência sobre potenciais efeitos tóxicos destas substâncias. Com o objetivo de compreender a relevância da microbiota intestinal na intoxicação exógena, este estudo consiste em uma revisão atualizada da literatura acerca da influência dos microrganismos intestinais na toxicidade de xenobióticos. A literatura traz uma abundante quantidade de referências, demonstrando a interação da microbiota com os mais diversos tipos de substâncias químicas e sugere que mais associações devem ser estabelecidas. Essa temática é promissora, uma vez que a microbiota pode ser um alvo na redução de efeitos tóxicos de medicamentos e na medicina personalizada. É importante a realização de mais estudos para elucidar muitos mecanismos ainda desconhecidos e estender os resultados encontrados em modelos animais a seres humanos.
IMPLICAÇÕES CLÍNICAS E CARDIOTOXICIDADE NA OVERDOSE POR HIDROXICLOROQUINA
Authors: Batista Tereza Amanda Bezerra , Gomes Alan Hílame Diniz , Bachur Tatiana Paschoalette Rodrigues
Published: February 2023

A hidroxicloroquina (HCQ) é um fármaco antimalárico utilizado, também, como imunomodulador em casos de doenças reumatológicas, estando facilmente acessível à população, favorecendo o abuso de seu uso, principalmente, em tentativas de suicídio. A intoxicação medicamentosa por hidroxicolorquina constitui-se um problema de saúde pública e, diante da gravidade do quadro observado nos relatos de casos que norteiam essa revisão, ressalta-se a relevância do objetivo desse trabalho de elucidar os principais mecanismos cardiotóxicos da HCQ, o quadro clínico correspondente e os principais achados laboratoriais, com o intuito de fomentar as referências que norteiam a prática clínica diante dessa situação. Esta produção literária consiste em uma revisão de literatura elaborada por meio da utilização das bases de dados MEDLINE e BVS. Apesar da objetividade dos relatos de casos já publicados acerca do tema, constata-se ainda a escassez de informações acerca dos mecanismos gerais de intoxicação por da hidroxicloroquina, assim como de estudos que elucidem a dose máxima permitida a ser ingerida. Desse modo, a literatura já publicada é ainda insuficiente para esclarecer integralmente tais questionamentos. Em contrapartida, a cardiotoxicidade pode ser contemplada com detalhamento nessa revisão, enriquecendo o acervo literário e confirmando a gravidade dos efeitos de envenenamento por essa droga previamente conhecida.
Physicochemical and Toxicological Characteristics of Nicosulfuron and its Environmental Implications
Authors: Gomes Giovanna , Aline Mayumi Mizukami  , Katherly Tainá Grego Lira  , Marina Queiroz Ferretti  , Pâmela Maria Dias  , Victor Campos Ferreira
Published: February 2023

O Nicossulfurom é um herbicida aprovado nas culturas de milho e soja no Brasil para o controle de ervas daninhas monocotiledôneas, dicotiledôneas e gramíneas. Seu uso está ao redor de 50 toneladas por ano. A solubilidade do composto em água é alta e está diretamente relacionada ao pH, atingindo 29200 mg/L com pH 8,8. O coeficiente de partição octanol-água encontrado para o composto indica pouca tendência de bioacumulação (Log Kow < 2,7) e o coeficiente de partição de carbono orgânico encontrado indica baixa aderência ao solo (Koc < 75), conferindo ao composto a mobilidade nos compartimentos ambientais. O nicossulfurom foi encontrado em alguns corpos de água nos Estados Unidos, Canadá, Alemanha, França e Brasil. Em um total de 1303 amostras coletadas nestes países, a frequência de detecção do nicossulfurom foi de 15%. Quando encontrado, as concentrações variaram de 0,016 μg/L a 1,5 μg/L. Os estudos de toxicidade realizados em cães permitiram calcular um critério para consumo humano, resultando em um critério de potabilidade de 7,5 mg/L. Para proteção da vida aquática, foram encontrados dados de toxicidade aguda e crônica para diferentes organismos. O critério foi calculado a partir do valor do teste agudo CE50 da planta aquática Lemna gibba, organismo mais sensível ao nicossulfurom, e utilizando um fator de avaliação de 100, resultando na concentração de 17 ng/L. Considerando o critério de potabilidade calculado neste trabalho e os dados de ocorrência do nicossulfurom nos países citados, o composto não apresentou risco para a saúde humana. Com base nos dados de ocorrência em águas superficiais e no critério de proteção da vida aquática calculado, o nicossulfurom apresentou risco nos países onde foi detectado, mas no Brasil, devido à baixa sensibilidade do método analítico empregado, não é possível analisar o risco. Recomenda-se a realização de testes crônicos, inclusive para plantas aquáticas, a fim de diminuir as incertezas quanto ao fator de avaliação, e a utilização de métodos analíticos mais sensíveis no Brasil.
Determinação de sódio em pão francês de padarias da região leste do município de São Paulo
Authors: Fukushima André Rinaldi , Juliana Weckx Peña-Muñoz  , Bruno Nascimento Lopes  , Luís Antônio Baffile Leoni  , Esther Lopes Ricci Adari Camargo  , Jan Carlos B. Delorenzi  , Maria Aparecida Nicoletti  , Elizabeth Mieko Egashira  , Maria Raquel Manhani
Published: February 2023

O Brasil reduziu o consumo de cloreto de sódio atual de 12g para 5g, em 2012, uma redução de 10% na quantidade de sódio no pão francês, consumido habitualmente pela população. Dosar a quantidade de sódio total e de cloreto de sódio em pães, do tipo francês, produzidos e comercializados na zona leste do município de São Paulo. Foram coletados três pães, do tipo francês, de 9 padarias de fácil acesso pela população e as determinações de sódio e cloreto foram realizadas em triplicata. Para dosagem do sódio total, empregou-se a técnica de Fotometria de Chama (Quimis®), empregando-se a curva analítica, construída a partir de diferentes concentrações de cloreto de sódio (zero a 400 mg/50g) adicionados à massa padrão do pão francês isenta de cloreto de sódio. (2005). A média amostral de sódio total com IC de 95% variou de 300,28 a 334,24 mg e de 250,36 a 277,5 mg de sódio em cloreto de sódio/50g de pão. A média de uma padaria apresentou valores elevados: 466,78 (16,02) mg de sódio total e 351,20 (1,83) mg de sódio em cloreto de sódio/50g de pão. O valor médio de sódio total, 317,25(8,46) mg/50g, encontra-se abaixo do teor máximo atualmente esperado de 324 mg. Duas padarias apresentam valores significativamente superiores (p
Comprehensive Review on Waste Water Treatment Technologies with Special Emphasize on Biological Treatments
Authors: Patel Jagruti , N. Kumar Rita , Nirmal Kumar J.I.
Published: February 2023

Rapid urbanization is essential for growth and economic viability at global level, promoting the extensive industrialization. Rapid industrialization also comes with more water demand with higher water pollution. Industrial wastewater may contain heavy metal, carcinogens, mutagens and radioactive materials which must be prevented to be incorporated into the food chain. Therefore, treatments of wastewater for removal of these toxicants are a necessary and unavoidable measure. There are various modes of treatments for removal of toxicants depending on the type of contaminants. It includes physical, chemical and biological treatment alone or in combination. Here a review is carried to identify major sources of industrial wastewaters with their major pollutants. Various studies are also considered in the review for determination of the hazardous effect of wastewater on ecosystems and biological systems. Details about treatments of wastewater based on the sources were also included. More emphasis has been given on the role of microorganisms for removal of pollutants. Not limited to this, details of methods for biological removal contaminations and treatability studies are also discussed in detail. Based on the review it is found that generation of wastewater from industries must be pretreated with suitable methods before discharging into the environment to protect life on mother earth.
Beginnings of Arabic Grammar between pre-Islamic and Early Islamic Times
Authors: Shallal Anwer Rakan
Published: February 2023

The aim of this research is to reveal the existence of Arabic grammar in the pre-Islamic era and the era of Islam, contrary to what some researchers argue that Arabic grammar appeared at the end of the second century AH, and we mentioned in this research examples of the phenomenon of expression in ignorance and the issue of Islam, and the emergence of terms (Arabic, grammar, melody, power) in an advanced era, and this means the existence of rules and compositions of this science at that time. This fact can be shown by the Arabs' knowledge of the Qur'an, which began to descend at the beginning of Islam, they understood his words and verses and did not object to a mistake and a mistake in it. If it had been different, he would have attacked those who rejected the Islamic call, as well as we can say that the Arabs knew the grammatical rules and composition naturally without the need to learn them, and the learning of Arabic becomes active with writing grammar and writing in Arabic at a later stage when the non-Arabs began to enter Islam and because of they have no knowledge about the language that they start studying Arabic to learn the new religion, Quran and Islam.
Marangoni Convection in a Wavy Trapezoidal Enclosure with Different Amplitudes
Authors: Nuriza Miss Sharifah , BIN Siri Zailan , Bin Mohammad Zubir Dr Mohammad Nashrul
Published: February 2023

In this paper, Marangoni convection inside a trapezoidal enclosure with nanofluid is numerically studied for different amplitudes. One side of the cavity is heated while the other is cooled with natural convection taking place at the top wall. The fluid flow and heat transfer are investigated at different amplitudes, particle volume fractions, Rayleigh and Marangoni numbers. The results are then shown in the form of streamlines, isotherms, local Nusselt and average Nusselt numbers. It was discovered that increasing the amplitude of the heated wavy wall improved heat transfer significantly, though the strength of fluid flow diminishes slightly.
Avaliação dos critérios de classificação de medicamentos para uso na gestação em diferentes países
Authors: Calazans Lima Rocha Marilia , Rocha Cuzzuol Beatriz , De Souza Barcelos Isadora , Oliveira Silva Kelle
Published: February 2023

Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever os critérios de classificação dos medicamentos para uso na gestação em diversos países e abordar as ferramentas de pesquisa online sobre os fármacos e seus efeitos para mãe e concepto. A pesquisa se classifica como exploratória e descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. Os países foram selecionados de acordo com a disponibilidade e qualidade de informações em artigos científicos, sites e documentos oficiais. Na América abordou-se dados dos Estados Unidos, Canadá, Brasil e Argentina. Na Oceania, discorreu-se sobre Austrália e Nova Zelândia. Na Europa, contemplou-se Suécia, Reino Unido e Alemanha. Depois, seguiu-se com Ásia, com informações sobre Bangladesh, Índia, Indonésia, Maldivas, Nepal, China e Japão e, por fim, abordou-se a África a partir de Camarões e Angola. Tem-se que as principais classificações existentes no mundo para avaliar os riscos dos medicamentos são as dos Estados Unidos, Austrália e Suécia, as quais serviram como modelo para outros países. No Canadá identificou-se estudos que apontaram uma nova categoria de risco, mas pouco documentada. Uma abordagem descritiva dos riscos em gestantes foi relatada no Reino Unido. Já estudos na Alemanha também apresentaram informações descritivas, além da utilização de cores para determinar os riscos e demonstraram uma classificação por grupo pouco relatada. Encontrou-se ainda portais eletrônicos com informações sobre os medicamentos, bem como a possibilidade de registrar seus efeitos.
The economist coverage of human rights issues in Brazil (1964 to 2010)
Authors: Sales Camila Maria Risso
Published: February 2023

The paper focus on how The Economist dealt with the human rights affairs in Brazil between 1964 and 2010. Through content analysis texts addressing the topic directly or indirectly were visited and analised. The Economist position was also compared with The Times and The Guardian, as well as with the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) dispatches. The ambition is to make a portrayal of the publication’s behaviour about human rights in Brazil, clarifying the evolution of its perspective about the theme. It is possible to suggest that political issues had had low priority, mainly during the so called “economic miracle”.
Initial Experience of Conduction System Pacing using Stylet Driven Lead guided by a Deflectable Mapping catheter
Authors: Ghosh Anindya , Yadav Anand P. , KA Mohamed Akram , Thomas Angelin Marian , Priya Sangeetha , Pandurangi Ulhas M.
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND Conduction system pacing (CSP) in recent years is
being considered as the ideal pacing strategy. Lumen less leads (LLLs)
have been the predominantly used technology since its inception until
recently. We herein share the largest single-center experience of
Stylet-driven leads (SDLs) using deflectable mapping catheter, a recent
technology for conduction system pacing at both HB and LB areas, and
their medium-term outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with
standard pacing indications were enrolled between June 2021 and November
2022. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and feasibility of
CSP using SDL guided by deflectable mapping delivery catheter by
analyzing implant tools, parameters during implant and follow- up.
RESULTS A total of 37 patients (mean age 67.16 + 9.89 years,
53.3% males, 31 pacemakers, 4 His-CRT-Ps and 2 dual chamber
Defibrillators, Mean follow up duration 210.7 + 25.1 days) were
enrolled. HBP was the default strategy. Procedural success was seen in
17/37 (45.9%) patients. Incidence of lead dislodgement was 17.6%.
LBBaP was tried in the rest (20/37). A septal curve was manually made in
3 patients. Procedural success was seen in all patients (3/3) in whom
septal curve was added and in 12/17 (70.5%) patients without it.
Compared to HBP, procedural parameters didn’t differ significantly for
LBBaP. Sensing and Pacing parameters remained stable on follow up.
CONCLUSION Use of SDL is adequate for both HB and LB areas.
Preeshaping the deflectable mapping catheter can help in achieving
better results and also lower the overall procedure time.
Compositionally modulated FeMn bimetallic skeletons for highly efficient overall water splitting
Authors: Huang Licheng , Yao Ruiqi , Li Zili , He Jiaxin , Li Yingqi , Zong Hongxiang , Han Shuang , Lian Jianshe , Li Yangguang , Ding Xiangdong
Published: February 2023

Transition metal-based nanomaterials exhibit promising potential as
highly active and low-cost electrocatalyst for alkaline water splitting,
which can be achieved via elaborating compositional modulation and
structural manipulation. This, however, normally involves multiple or
even complex synthetic procedures. Herein, we report a simple one-step
sulfidation of FeMnZn multi–metal skeletons for the preparation of
highly efficient electrocatalysts. The incorporation of Mn and Zn
induced hierarchical nano/micro sheet–to–sheet supported on open
porous skeleton (FeMnZn/Mn-FeS, FMZS2), which not only facilitates
electron/ion transport but also expands the accessible surface.
Meanwhile, the Mn is introduced to optimize the adsorption/desorption
ability of intermediates on the S sites in FeS. The resultant effect
leads to remarkable electrocatalytic performance with good durability.
Notably, the optimized FMZS2 delivers a 20 mA cm–2 at low overpotential
of 118 mV for HER and a 100 mA cm–2 at overpotential of 390 mV for OER,
outperfoming Pt/C and IrO2 catalyst, respectively. Moreover, the
assembled alkaline electrolyzer also has good overall water splitting
capability, which is better than that of the noble metal ones.
Leading-Digit Patterns from Smart Water Meters
Authors: Sowby Robert B. , Jones Daniel R.
Published: February 2023

As infrastructure develops and adoption of smart water meters increases,
new techniques are needed to validate and learn from the large datasets
they produce. Patterns of leading digits (i.e., first non-zero digits, 1
through 9) can support this task. This study examines leading digits in
hourly smart meter readings from a western U.S. water utility with over
5,000 customer connections. Benford analysis, power law analysis, and
leading-digit-frequency analysis all indicate that the readings tend
toward values that start with 1. The findings suggest that readings from
smart water meters - and, by extension, water use by individual
customers - could be expected to follow a particular nonuniform pattern
of leading digits and that deviation from the pattern may indicate data
errors or abnormal water use. Applications are suggested for validating
water use data, comparing multiple datasets, checking projections, and
assessing meter performance. Additional work is needed to further
explore the beneficial uses of leading-digit patterns and other data
signatures in water use data from diverse datasets.
Cherry scab in the conditions of the Ganja-Kazakh geographical zone of Azerbaijan
Authors:   Lankaran Regional Scientific Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan (ANAS), Guliyev Farman , Huseynova Lala ,   Scientific Research Institute of Plant Protection and Industrial Crops, Ganja, Azerbaijan
Published: February 2023

Scab is one of the most common and harmful diseases of cherries, found in all western regions (Ganja-Kazakh geographical zone of the country) of its cultivation. Mass damage to cherries by scab is often observed in wet years. The disease manifests itself on leaves and fruits causing a great harm to fruit-bearing cherry plantations. The harmfulness of cherry scab is expressed by a decrease in yield and a deterioration in its quality. The direct crop losses from scab on heavily affected cherry cultivars (for example, the cultivar "Shedraya") can reach 60-80%; the decrease in the yield of the first-class products is 90%. In the cherry orchards of Azerbaijan, the shortage of products from scab reaches 50-70%, and in the years of epiphytoties, the harvest may be completely absent. In the affected leaves, photosynthesis decreases, they fall prematurely. The sick fruits are delayed in development, wrinkled, which reduces the yield and degrades the quality of products. The article presents the results of the field research carried out on cherry scab (Fusicladium cerasi (Rabenh.) Sacc.) in the conditions of the western part of Azerbaijan in 2021-2022. In 2022, an assessment of the prevalence and intensity of scab in the region was done, and a scientifically based and improved control system was developed. For this purpose, the following preparations were tested in the fight against scab on cherries: Abiga Peak, VS (400 g/l copper oxychloride), Score, EC (250 g/l difenoconazole), Hom, SP (861 g/kg copper oxychloride), Chorus, FDG (750 g/kg cyprodinil) and a control without chemical treatment.
Phenological observations on Syrah red wine variety clones
Authors:   Agricultural University-Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Popova Anelia , Angelov Ludmil ,   Agricultural University-Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Published: February 2023

Vine undergoes seasonal changes repeated annually in a certain sequence. In the spring time, the shoots’ development and inflorescences begin, flowering occurs, and in the summer the berry size increases, after the grapes and shoots ripen. This period of active life is called the growing season. The main phenological stages duration: bud burst, first leaf appearance, first inflorescens appearance, flowering, bunch clossure and technological maturity (veraison) differ for each variety (clone). The length of the growing season for each variety is directly related to the vineyard location, air and soil temperature, soil moisture and management practices. This study aims to compare the main phenological stages and determine the differences between clones from the Syrah variety, regarding the influence of air temperature.
Circular enclosure from the early copper age in north-western Serbia site of Sancina in Desic, near Sabac (excavations 2017-2019)
Authors: Jevtic Milos , Cerovic Momir
Published: February 2023

In the wooded landscapes on the last northern slopes of the mountain Cer, a
very well-preserved palisade ditch enclosure of small dimensions and a
regular circular shape was discovered (site of Sancina, Desic village). Over
the last few years, archaeological excavations at this site have focused on
the inner space, bordered by a massive ring-shaped earthen rampart. An
unusually wide and deep ditch surrounds a high earthen embankment of
flattened conical shape, bordered on the inside by a palisade ditch, with
traces of densely packed and deeply buried wooden posts. The excavations so
far have not revealed any interruption in the circular palisade ditch, which
could confirm the existence of an entrance, i.e., a passage, clearly
bordered by an earthen rampart. In the central part of the circular
fortification a deep shaft/well was discovered, which has been explored to
the level of underground water. Apart from traces of smaller hearths on the
inside of the palisade ditch and several deeply buried conical pits, with
traces of charred, vertically placed posts, there are no other architectural
remains inside the circular fortification. Traces of a catastrophic fire
have been discovered inside the entire fortification and are especially
visible above the palisade ditch. According to numerous sherds of
secondarily burned ceramic vessels, the circular enclosure in Desic belongs
to the post-Vinca culture of the Early Copper Age. According to the shape
and basic elements of architecture, we assume that the earthen fortification
in Desic belongs to a special form of smaller prehistoric enclosures,
characteristic of circular palisade fortifications in the area of the Upper
Tisza region, in the north-eastern parts of the Great Hungarian Plain.
Bronze age burials within the Morava, Nisava and Timok basins
Authors: Kapuran Aleksandar , Gavranovic Mario , Jovanovic Igor
Published: February 2023

Following more than seven decades of research on the Bronze Age cremation burial grounds in the territory of Serbia, the new absolute dates provide us with an opportunity to determine a more precise chronological sequence of different local cultural manifestations. Although the pioneers of the Serbian archaeology after WWII defined the main cultural trajectories that led to the establishment of cremation as the main burial rite during the 2nd millennium BC, several misconceptions were established that need to be corrected, considering new data. We regard this paper as our contribution to the better understanding of the cultural and chronological sequence in the Central Balkans during the Bronze Age.
Mound 28 from the Paulje necropolis in Brezjak. A contribution to the absolute chronology of the Late Bronze Age in Serbia
Authors: Filipovic Vojislav , Bulatovic Aleksandar , Gligoric Rada
Published: February 2023

The paper brings the results of archaeological excavations of Mound 28 at the
Paulje necropolis, conducted in the autumn of 2019, along with the
excavations of two adjacent mounds. All of the aforementioned mounds were
partially damaged and eroded through decades of ploughing. Consequently,
remains of a Late Bronze Age burial were recorded solely in Mound 28.
According to the grave inventory comprised of bronze jewellery and analogies
from concurrent necropolises, it is assumed that the burial belongs to a
female individual (?). Besides the extraordinary examples of bronze
jewellery, such as pins, an arm ring, bracelets, crescent-shaped pendants,
torques, and remains of amber jewellery, the organic substructure below the
fully cast arm ring has been successfully dated. According to the absolute
dating, the jewellery is attributed to the 14th century BC, and the
inventory of the grave completely corresponds to the previously dated
features from the Paulje necropolis. Therefore, certain forms of bronze
jewellery were provided with a more precise chronological position based on
the absolute dates. The burial is attributed to the Brezjak culture.
A new review of the topography and typology of the Danubian Horsemen lead icons in the south-eastern part of Pannonia inferior
Authors: Plemic Bojana , Crnobrnja Adam
Published: February 2023

Although the artefacts belonging to the so-called Danubian Horsemen cult have
been scientifically examined from various standpoints, the definitive
answers to the question of their nature have not yet been reached. One of
the key reasons that can be distinguished with regard to this is the lack of
insight into the archaeological context since, in comparison to the total
number of these artefacts, a small percentage of the samples have been found
during archaeological excavations. As the more recent corpora of lead icons
points to the conclusion that a significant number originates from the area
of the province of Pannonia Inferior, especially its south-eastern part
(today`s Srem, Macva and Posavina), in this paper we have tried to establish
at least the widest context they belonged to. Thus, based on the place where
they were found, and considering the basic features of the site where it was
possible, we investigated whether they belonged to a settlement, necropolis
or military setting. Consequently, we concluded that the civil context was
dominant in this geographic area in the case of the finds of the so-called
Danubian Horseman cult, while we also determined which type of icons were
the most prevalent. As the concentration of the lead plaques in this area
surpasses the other Danubian provinces, we recognise new possibilities for
the interpretation of their function as well as the dating of particular
series.
The vicinal road between Sirmium and the great canal of Probus. Exploring roman roads in the Glac study area
Authors: Dimitrijevic Milijan , Whitehouse John
Published: February 2023

As part of a comprehensive archaeological survey of the area around the site
of Glac in the north-west of Serbia, a detailed examination has been
undertaken of the pattern of the Roman roads, including the location of a
vicinal road that led from the eastern periphery of ancient Sirmium along
the Sava river to the Great Canal of the emperor Probus, the present-day
Jarcina channel. The context of vicinal roads in the general pattern of
Roman roads together with the implications of the road construction and
usage throughout the Roman period including changes in the settlements
pattern along its route are explored.
A marble statue from Nis of an early Byzantine imperial woman
Authors: Rakocija Misa
Published: February 2023

The paper presents and analyses the only known Early Byzantine marble life-size statue of a secular woman in the Byzantine empire, which was discovered in the Nis Fortress in 1931. She is dressed in an unpretentious but dignified stola with a wide belt under her breasts, necklace around her neck and cloak on her back, status symbols by which prominent persons were recognisable throughout the Middle Ages. Being aware of the fact that it is not possible to be certain of her identity, we have enough reasons to suggest that this is a statue of an unknown imperial woman (the empress or a woman from the imperial environment) who, like emperors, was presented with the cloak. As such, it was a common part of the city forum of Naisos, as well as a worthy successor to the composition of Tetrarchs and the statue of Constantine the Great. Stylistic analysis indicates the still living ancient heritage united with Christian concepts of the dress design and its resemblance to the dresses of women from the Empress Theodora?s entourage date it back to the 6th century and Justinian?s epoch.
“The Outskirts of the Khagan”. The first “Avar” conquerors in the lower Mureş in light of the graves from Pecica “Est/Smart Diesel”: Archaeological and 14C analyses
Authors: Mărginean Florin , Gáll Erwin
Published: February 2023

The archaeological rescue excavation near Pecica resulted in the unearthing
of nine graves with scant grave goods, which, on the basis of the aspects of
the funerary ritual and 14C analyses, could be dated to the period between
the second part of the 6th century and first part of the 7th century. Taking
into account the fact that these graves were dispersed over a very large
territory (cca 1.8 ha), at a distance of dozens of meters from one another,
without an organised character of a funerary location (like other
cemeteries), with a heterogeneity of orientations, we suppose that these
individuals were not related biologically, and they did not form a
community, but that they were buried by different mobile communities at
different times (pastoral nomadism). At the same time, based on the 14C
analysis, it became very clear that some of them, like the individual from
the grave Feature 448 was part of the group of those ?Avars? who conquered
the regions of the Carpathian Basin before the year 568. From this point of
view, we believe that we would not be too mistaken if we advanced the
hypothesis that a certain nomadic life was maintained from the second half
of the 6th century to the middle of the 7th century, adapted to the
geomorphological realities of the Carpathian Basin, at least in a part of
the community, in the frame of so-called mid-range nomadism.
Natural environment as an influencing factor for the architecture of the Dinaric and Carpathian log cabin
Authors: Borojevic Dragoljub
Published: February 2023

Similarities between the forms of log cabins in the Carpathians and the
Dinarides are evident. There is also an obvious likeness between the natural
environment in the Dinarides and the Carpathians. This raises the logical
question of why the builders in these two places built houses identical in
form and whether the natural environment had any influence on this.
Scientists have determined that humans inherit a genetic attraction towards
their natural surroundings and that they react positively to it, even if
they have never experienced living there. The constant contact humans had
with nature and naturally occurring shapes and forms led them to develop
aesthetic preferences towards this kind of imagery and build architectural
spaces they could associate with them. The Dinaric and Carpathian log cabins
are a clear example of how the environment influenced the aesthetic
preferences of vernacular builders, creating a need to design naturally
evocative spaces inspired by the imagery they perceived in their natural
habitat. It is very telling that the vernacular builders, who could have
built their log cabins in a number of different ways without coming into
conflict with objective factors of their surroundings, still independently
chose an identical design. The desire of builders in the Carpathians and the
Dinarides to build forms that matched their natural environment is evident,
which, according to evolutionary psychology, is a consequence of
evolutionary development and the need to ensure survival. Builders in the
Carpathians and the Dinarides used more complicated and demanding
constructive elements in order to get a more natural form of the building.
When they create, humans can only use the forms they are familiar with and
which they have developed aesthetic preferences for, and this includes any
naturally occurring shapes, such as vegetation and terrain configuration.
The similarities between the Dinaric and Carpathian log cabins are a result
of the vernacular builders using locally sourced natural materials and
taking into account factors such as climate, vegetation and terrain
configuration, which they had developed similar aesthetic preferences for.
The natural environment, as a factor of aesthetic preferences of vernacular
builders, conditioned the architectural form of the Carpathian and Dinaric
log cabins.
Basic Aspects and the Overview on Pharmacokinetics and Studies on Drug Distribution- A Panoramic Review
Authors: KR Dudhat
Published: February 2023

Patients who are in critical condition display a variety of organ dysfunctions and frequently need to be treated with a range of medications, such as sedatives, analgesics, neuromuscular blockers, antibiotics, inotropes, and gastric acid suppressants. A crucial component of treatment for this patient population is comprehending how organ dysfunction might change the pharmacokinetics of medications. Due to gastrointestinal failure, many medications will need to be administered intravenously. When the oral route is an option, hypomotility, changes in gut pH, and enteral feeding may affect bioavailability. The main factors affecting medication clearance, and consequently steady-state drug concentrations, efficacy, and toxicity in a given patient, are hepatic and renal dysfunction. Many medications are cleared from the body primarily through oxidative metabolism, and it is becoming increasingly understood how important it is for critically ill patients to have diminished hepatic cytochrome P450 system activity. Both filtration and secretion clearance pathways are necessary for the elimination of parent medications and their active metabolites, making renal failure equally crucial. Renal failure is frequently a secondary cause of changes in the steady-state volume of distribution, which can lower the body's effective medication concentrations. Failure of the endocrine, endothelium, muscular, or central neurological systems may also have an impact on how a medication is metabolized. For some medications, there is strong evidence that changes in pharmacokinetic characteristics depend on time. To maximize the pharmacodynamic response and result, it is essential to understand the underlying pathophysiology in the critically sick and utilize pharmacokinetic principles in the selection of drug and dosing regimen.
Determination of Caffeine and Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) in the Methanolic Extracts Coffee (C. arabica. L) To seeds and peels (Unroasted and Roasted) Cultivars Grown in Yemen by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Authors: SA Ali ALhaidrai
Published: February 2023

In this study methanolic extract of one plant namely Arabic coffee, were screened for the presence of analysis Constituents and tested for their of liquid chromatographic separation (HPLC). The quantitative HPLC analysis revealed the results showed presence of Caffeine, chlorogenic acid (CGA) is the concentration of the contents Seeds, peels (unroasted) samples is higher than their contents in the Seeds, and peels (roasted) samples. The highest concentration of Caffeine was 5,334 % in unroasted Arabica coffee peels (Udaini) in Ibb (Kafr) region, while the highest value of chlorogenic acid was 68,460% in unroasted Arabica coffee peels (Tufahi) in Ibb (Kafr). The highest concentration of Caffeine was 9,948% in unroasted Arabic coffee seeds (Udaini) in Ibb (Kafr) region, while the highest concentration of chlorogenic acid was 97,280% in unroasted Arabic coffee seeds (Udaini) in Ibb (Kafr) region. The highest concentration of Caffeine was 1,964 % in roasted Arabica coffee peels (Udaini) in Ibb (Kafr) region, while the highest value of chlorogenic acid was 26,260% in roasted Arabica coffee peels (Bura’ai.) in Sana'a (Haraz). The highest concentration of Caffeine was 2,324% in roasted Arabic coffee seeds (Udaini) in Al- Mahweet (Hufash) region, while the highest concentration of chlorogenic acid was 47,09% in roasted Arabic coffee seeds (Dawairi) in Al- Mahweet (Hufash).
Prevalence of Depression in Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Associated Co-Morbidities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Getahun Genanew Kassie
Published: February 2023

Background: Diabetes and depression are extremely common, devastating, and incapacitating diseases. Co-existing Depression in people with diabetes results in decreased adherence, poor health outcomes, higher diabetes complications, decreased quality of life, increased disability, and lost productivity with an increased risk of death. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of depression in Diabetes Mellitus patients with associated co-morbidities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 403 diabetes patients in the armed force general hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from April to Jun 11, 2022. The participants were selected using systematic random sampling. Data was collected by face-to-face interview using a standardized and pretested questionnaire. Depression was assessed using the patient health questionnaire. Data was entered into EPI INFO and analyzed by SPSS version 25 software. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with depression, and a significant association was declared at a p-value less than 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. Result: The study showed that the overall prevalence of depression was found to be 37.2% and respondents who had moderate social support (AOR = 2.429, 95% CI: 1.208–4.881), age 35 (AOR = 0.358, 95% CI: 0.181–0.706), age 45–54 (AOR = 0.431, 95% CI: 0.232–0.801), insulin users (AOR = 0.471, 95% CI: 0.227-0.976), metformin users (AOR = 0.104, 95% CI: 0.105-0.397), liver disease (AOR = 3.077, 95%CI: 2.437–7.265), and could read and write (AOR = 8.253, 95% CI: 3.278–24.527) were significantly associated with depression. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the prevalence of depression among diabetes patients at Armed Forces General Hospital was found to be high. Furthermore, depression was associated with social support, age, anti-diabetic drug users, liver disease, and educational level. Different stakeholders, including hospital managers, health professionals, and different nongovernmental organizations, should give emphasis to linking depressive patients with hospitalization.
Correlation between Estimated and Actual Age of Fusion of Mesosternum with Manubrium Sterni and Xiphisternum
Authors: Duchania Sunil Kumar
Published: February 2023

Objectives: This article documents the correlation between age of estimated and observed age of fusion of sternum bone, particularly when evaluating skeletonized human remains. Methods: Soft tissues removed from the macerated sterna by blunt dissection and the fusion of body of sternum with manubrium sterni and xiphisternum are recorded. Results: On statistical analysis for correlation between actual and estimated age correlation coefficient is 0.908 and p-value is 0.0001 that is statistically significant. Conclusion: The correlation results indicate that there is statistically insignificant difference between the actual age of the subject and estimated age from fusion of sternal joints. None of studies assesses on determination of age from sternum has compared actual age of the individuals with estimated age devised from Sternal samples.
Forensic Discrimination of Blue Ballpoint, Gel and Oil-Gel Pens: Application of Chemometrics to ATR-FTIR Data
Authors: Qureshi Rashid Nazir
Published: February 2023

The combination of advanced techniques with multivariate analysis methods are being used with great confidence by forensics experts due to their high precision and accuracy. The prime objective of present work was to explore the potential of chemometric tools in discriminating and predicting the blue pen inks when applied on Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) data of pen strokes of different brands and models commercially available in Pakistani markets. The pen strokes on fine A4 paper and recycled A4 paper were obtained from 86 samples including ballpoints, gel, oil- gel and roller ball pens. ATR-FTIR spectra were first characterized for different functional groups present in ink pigments however, they were apparently indistinguishable having some common functional groups. After spectra preprocessing the principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis (AHC) showed that pen strokes could be distinguished. Both PCA and AHC analyses showed that ballpoints and gel pen could be discriminated and grouped separately. PCA analyses also showed the discrimination between local and foreign brands of ballpoints. Finally, classification method partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was successfully applied for the classification and subsequently for the identification of type of pen used in personnel’s signature to mimic a forensic case. To evaluate PLS-DA classification performance, the classification parameters such as sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and precision were also derived from confusion matrix. Overall, this work emphasized the worth of multivariate analysis in classification and prediction of type of writing pen in a document as a forensic study.
Identification of Make and Model from the Burnt Material of a Laptop
Authors: Kumar Lalit
Published: February 2023

Criminal destroy evidence for the purpose of hiding their identity and information regarding the crime scene after committing the crime. Setting fire is the most common practice to damage the evidences and can burn almost all evidence materials like clothes, plastic and wood. Nowadays computers, mobile phones, laptops and other digital evidence which carry information regarding criminal act are usually found at the scene of crime. In this case victim was kidnapped along with his laptop for ransom and later on murdered. During investigation police seized some burnt material from the suspicious place and sent it for the examination. Police want to know whether burnt material have remnant of laptop or not. They also want to know the make and model of the laptop to establish the link between burnt material and victim, as the detail of victim’s laptop mentioned in F.I.R. The burnt material was examined in the laboratory and identified as laptop with its make and model. This paper reveals the process of handling of burnt laptop and identifying the internal parts, make and model of the laptop with the help of marking, shape & size of the metallic parts.