bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post‐50 Ma Evolution of India‐Asia Collision Zone From Paleomagnetic and GPS Data: Greater India Indentation to Eastward Tibet Flow
Authors: Todrani A. , Speranza F. , D’Agostino N. , Zhang B.
Published: December 2021

We re‐evaluate 357 Jurassic‐Holocene paleomagnetic datasets from Tibet‐Indochina and compare them with present‐day Global Position System velocity field. SE Tibet NW of the East Himalaya Syntaxis (EHS) underwent 20°–30° counterclockwise rotations around 50 Ma, and mostly clockwise rotations after 40 Ma. NE of the EHS, post‐50 Ma clockwise rotation occurred, whereas highly scattered clockwise rotations took place on northern Indochina at 25–15 Ma, after a remagnetization episode. We suggest that the indentation of Greater India NE corner at ∼50 Ma resulted in a wide orogenic reentrant characterized by opposite rotations at orocline limbs. Rotations East of EHS after 40 Ma were likely due to local strike‐slip fault activity. After 30 Ma, the ongoing India collision fragmented Indochina into km‐scale blocks that experienced independent rotations. The present‐day clockwise rotation pattern around the EHS started at 15–10 Ma along with eastward Tibet crustal spreading, and has not produced yet a detectable paleomagnetic rotation.
Using Stable Isotopes (δ18O and δD) to Study the Dynamics of Upwelling and Other Oceanic Processes in Northwestern South China Sea
Authors: Zhou Fengxia , Wu Junhui , Chen Fajin , Chen Chunqing , Zhu Qingmei , Lao Qibin , Zhou Xin , Lu Xuan
Published: December 2021

Few systematic investigations use isotopic compositions (δ18O and δD) of seawater together with water temperature and salinity to trace the water dynamic processes in the upwelling area. This study presents depth‐specific δ18O, δD, salinity (S), and temperature data of water samples collected from the northwestern South China Sea (NWSCS) during spring and summer 2018 to study upwelling and other oceanic physical processes. Strong upwelling is observed in the southwestern area of the NWSCS in both spring and summer based on the distribution of water temperature. In spring, the area with lower water temperature has generally higher δD and δ18O values than other studied areas, while this phenomenon is not observed in summer. This indicates different hydrodynamic conditions in these seasons. The eastward advection of upwelled water in summer contributes to this phenomenon, which can be supported by the δ18O‐S relationships. δ18O‐S regression line in summer has higher slope than that in spring. Five water masses are defined in both seasons. In the west area of the NWSCS, the offshore upper water (OUW) is mainly formed by the mixing of coastal water and offshore deep water (ODW). We use the principle of mass conservation to estimate the relative contributions of ODW based on δ18O. ODW in spring contributes 40% to OUW, while in summer it contributes 69%. This study presents the method of using stable isotopes to study the upwelling event in NWSCS and quantifies the contribution of upwelling which obtains more information compared with the traditional hydrological observations.
Seasonal Cycle of Idealized Polar Clouds: Large Eddy Simulations Driven by a GCM
Authors: Zhang Xiyue , Schneider Tapio , Shen Zhaoyi , Pressel Kyle G. , Eisenman Ian
Published: December 2021

The uncertainty in polar cloud feedbacks calls for process understanding of the cloud response to climate warming. As an initial step toward improved process understanding, we investigate the seasonal cycle of polar clouds in the current climate by adopting a novel modeling framework using large eddy simulations (LES), which explicitly resolve cloud dynamics. Resolved horizontal and vertical advection of heat and moisture from an idealized general circulation model (GCM) are prescribed as forcing in the LES. The LES are also forced with prescribed sea ice thickness, but surface temperature, atmospheric temperature, and moisture evolve freely without nudging. A semigray radiative transfer scheme without water vapor and cloud feedbacks allows the GCM and LES to achieve closed energy budgets more easily than would be possible with more complex schemes. This enables the mean states in the two models to be consistently compared, without the added complications from interaction with more comprehensive radiation. We show that the LES closely follow the GCM seasonal cycle, and the seasonal cycle of low‐level clouds in the LES resembles observations: maximum cloud liquid occurs in late summer and early autumn, and winter clouds are dominated by ice in the upper troposphere. Large‐scale advection of moisture provides the main source of water vapor for the liquid‐containing clouds in summer, while a temperature advection peak in winter makes the atmosphere relatively dry and reduces cloud condensate. The framework we develop and employ can be used broadly for studying cloud processes and the response of polar clouds to climate warming.
Evidence for equilibrium exciton condensation in monolayer WTe2
Authors: Sun Bosong , Zhao Wenjin , Palomaki Tauno , Fei Zaiyao , Runburg Elliott , Malinowski Paul , Huang Xiong , Cenker John , Cui Yong-Tao , Chu Jiun-Haw , Xu Xiaodong , Ataei S. Samaneh , Varsano Daniele , Palummo Maurizia , Molinari Elisa , Rontani Massimo , Cobden David H.
Published: December 2021

We present evidence that the two-dimensional bulk of monolayer WTe2 contains electrons and holes bound by Coulomb attraction—excitons—that spontaneously form in thermal equilibrium. On cooling from room temperature to 100 K, the conductivity develops a V-shaped dependence on electrostatic doping, while the chemical potential develops a step at the neutral point. These features are much sharper than is possible in an independent-electron picture, but they can be accounted for if electrons and holes interact strongly and are paired in equilibrium. Our calculations from first principles show that the exciton binding energy is larger than 100 meV and the radius as small as 4 nm, explaining their formation at high temperature and doping levels. Below 100 K, more strongly insulating behaviour is seen, suggesting that a charge-ordered state forms. The observed absence of charge density waves in this state is surprising within an excitonic insulator picture, but we show that it can be explained by the symmetries of the exciton wavefunction. Therefore, in addition to being a topological insulator, monolayer WTe2 exhibits strong correlations over a wide temperature range.
Correction: Addressing challenges in the removal of unbound dye from passively labelled extracellular vesicles
Authors: Rautaniemi Kaisa , Zini Jacopo , Löfman Emilia , Saari Heikki , Haapalehto Iida , Laukka Johanna , Vesamäki Sami , Efimov Alexander , Yliperttula Marjo , Laaksonen Timo , Vuorimaa-Laukkanen Elina , Lisitsyna Ekaterina S.
Published: December 2021

Correction for ‘Addressing challenges in the removal of unbound dye from passively labelled extracellular vesicles’ by Kaisa Rautaniemi et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2022, DOI: 10.1039/d1na00755f.
Correction: Corrosion and tribocorrosion performance of multilayer diamond-like carbon film in NaCl solution
Authors: Cui Mingjun , Pu Jibin , Liang Jun , Wang Liping , Zhang Guangan , Xue Qunji
Published: December 2021

Correction for ‘Corrosion and tribocorrosion performance of multilayer diamond-like carbon film in NaCl solution’ by Mingjun Cui et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 104829–104840, DOI: 10.1039/C5RA21207C.
My biochemical journey from a Cambridge undergraduate to the discovery of phosphotyrosine
Authors: Hunter Tony
Published: December 2021

The most notable moment in my career as a biochemist was the discovery of phosphotyrosine, a somewhat serendipitous finding that turned out to have some very important consequences, notably, in human cancer. My career as a biochemist which has spanned nearly 60 years, began when I was 16. At the time, I was in the sixth form at Felsted School, a boarding school in Essex England, and my biology master, David Sturdy, elected to teach me some extracurricular biochemistry, giving me one-on-one tutorials on glycolysis and the TCA cycle. These early biochemistry lessons turned out to be invaluable because I was able to regurgitate them to answer a question in the University of Cambridge scholarship exam in the autumn of 1960. As a result, I was lucky enough to be awarded an Exhibition at Gonville and Caius College, the college where my father had studied for a medical degree during World War II. When I arrived in Cambridge in October 1962 to read natural sciences (see Figure 1), it was a natural choice to take biochemistry as one of my three required first-year courses. The Part I biochemistry course was taught by a series of excellent lecturers, including Philip Randle (a prominent diabetes researcher who described the Randle Cycle), Brian Chappell (who discovered mitochondrial transporters) and Asher Korner (a pioneer of cell free systems to study protein synthesis). It quickly became clear that biochemistry was an exciting subject, and Brian Chappell, my biochemistry supervisor at Caius, made supervisions a lot of fun. I also took Part I courses in invertebrate zoology and, importantly, organic chemistry, which gave me insights into how the metabolites we were learning about in biochemistry worked as chemicals.
HeLa at 70: on honouring the legacy of Henrietta Lacks
Authors: Baptiste Victoria , McKinnon Caroline , Robinson Veronica , Thompson Shyrea , Zuend Falasha
Published: December 2021

The 4th of october 2021 signified 70 years since the untimely death of Henrietta Lacks, a daughter, wife and mother. On the same day, the University of Bristol unveiled a statue of Henrietta that sits in the heart of its campus in Royal Fort Gardens, by local artist Helen Wilson-Roe. The unveiling came amidst a year of celebratory events for the legacy of a woman whose contribution to science is, in many ways, unrivalled. To many cell biologists, Henrietta Lacks is a household name; however, to the general public her name remains largely unknown. So, who is Henrietta Lacks? And why are the Lacks family and their family-led HELA100 initiative working in collaboration with the University of Bristol to honour her legacy?
A commentary on the paper: ‘Evaluation of spice and herb as phytoderived selective modulators of human retinaldehyde dehydrogenases using a simple in vitro method’
Authors: Bilska-Wilkosz Anna
Published: December 2021

It is commonly known that aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are a promising therapeutic target in many diseases. Bui et al.—the authors of the paper I am discussing here (Biosci Rep (2021) 41(5): BSR20210491 https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20210491)—point that there is a lack of research on the use of spices and herbs as the sources of naturally occurring modulators of ALDH activity. In order to carry out this type of research, the authors prepared ethanolic extracts of 22 spices and herbs. The main objective of the study was to investigate retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDHs), of which retinal is the main substrate and ALDH2, the mitochondrial isoform, having acetaldehyde as the main substrate.

The obtained results indicated that the tested extracts exhibited differential regulatory effects on RALDHs/ALDH2 and some of them showed a potential selective inhibition of the activity of RALDHs.
A Systematically Conducted Scoping Review of the Evidence and Fidelity of Treatments for Verb and Sentence Deficits in Aphasia: Sentence Treatments
Authors: Hickin Julie , Cruice Madeline , Dipper Lucy
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

This review article synthesizes and evaluates the evidence for sentence production treatments in aphasia, systematically charting impairment-based and functional communication outcomes. It reports (a) the level of evidence and fidelity of sentence treatments; (b) the impact of treatment on production of trained and untrained verbs and sentences, functional communication, and discourse; and (c) the potential active ingredients of treatment.

Method:

The search included studies from January 1980 to June 2019. The level of evidence of each study was documented, as was fidelity in terms of treatment delivery, enactment, and receipt. Studies were also categorized according to treatment methods used.

Results:

Thirty-three studies were accepted into the review and predominantly constituted Level 4 evidence (e.g., case control studies and case series). Thirty studies (90%) described treatment in sufficient detail to allow replication, but dosage was poorly reported, and fidelity of treatment was rarely assessed. The most commonly reported treatment techniques were mapping (10 studies: 30%), predicate argument structure treatment (six studies: 18%), and verb network strengthening treatment (five studies: 15%). Production of trained sentences improved for 83% of participants, and improvements generalized to untrained sentences for 59% of participants. Functional communication was rarely assessed, but discourse production improved for 70% of participants.

Conclusions:

The evidence for sentence treatments is predominantly generated from Level 4 studies. Treatments were effective for the majority of participants regarding trained sentence and discourse production. However, there is inconsistent use of statistical analysis to verify improvements, and diverse outcome measures are used, which makes interpretation of the evidence difficult. The quality of sentence treatment research would be improved by agreeing a core set of outcome measures and extended by ascertaining the views of participants on sentence treatments.
Finite element design of a vibrational membrane to reduce distortion in a bone‐conduction implant transducer
Authors: Shin D. H. , Seong K. W. , Kim M. N. , Lee K. Y.
Published: December 2021

This paper describes the finite element design of a vibrational membrane with a cantilever structure to reduce distortion in bone conduction implant (BCI) transducers. To derive the optimal number of cantilevers, a model of ideally aligned components was established based on the structure of a previously proposed transducer, and mechanical vibration analysis was performed using different numbers of cantilevers (two to five). Under the same conditions, similar analyses were performed using vibrational membranes misaligned with the transducer magnet by 0.1 and 0.2 mm. Then, the standard deviations were calculated from the analysis results to numerically compare the magnitudes of vibrations between cantilevers for each cantilever shape. The larger the number of cantilevers, the smaller the standard deviation in both the alignment and misalignment cases. Moreover, from the analysis result, it was confirmed that using a vibrational membrane composed of five cantilevers can reduce distortion in BCI transducers.
Green preparation of nano‐silver aqueous solution using fructose and evaluation of its antibacterial potential for cut carnation flowers
Authors: Pang Zhenpei , Lin Guidong , Wu Yuheng , Li Hongmei , Sun Yunhao , Zhou Hongjun , He Shenggen
Published: December 2021

The green synthesis of nano‐silver (NS) has gained increasing attention owing to its cost‐effectiveness and environmental friendliness. Herein, a novel one‐step green preparation method of stable NS aqueous solution using Tollens reagent as the silver ion source, D‐fructose as the reduction agent, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone as the stabilizing and capping agent is reported. The prepared NS solution had a pH value of 7.10, with approximately spherical NS particles in the range of 13.95–87.36 nm. The resulting NS solution was stable under normal temperature, boiling water bath, and acidic environment. The NS solution had a remarkable absorption peak at 410 nm in its ultraviolet–visible spectrum. The dynamic light scattering/Zeta analysis showed the average particle size of the NS aqueous solution was 183.5 nm, polymer dispersion index was 0.282, and the zeta potential of the green synthesized NS was –18.0 mV. Moreover, the NS solution exerted a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of the bacteria isolated from the vase water of cut carnation ‘Prince’ flowers. These findings indicate that the obtained NS solution is potentially a practical and effective antibacterial agent for preserving cut carnations and other cut flowers.
Co‐optimization of active power curtailment, load shedding and spinning reserve deficits through hybrid approach: Comparison of electrochemical storage technologies
Authors: Nikolaidis Pavlos , Poullikkas Andreas
Published: December 2021

Under the constraints of fossil‐fuel reserves depletion and climate change, the expansion of intermittent renewable generation creates a lot of power integration issues which undeniably disturb the overall system stability. Optimally planned, electricity storage systems are capable of managing the variability and uncertainty of renewable energy sources, guaranteeing power balance and ensuring feasible and economical operation. Here, the outcomes derived by a Genetic algorithm‐driven priority list approach is provided, which effectively quantifies the impact of intermittent renewable energy sources on total production cost and the benefits of electricity storage. The experimental evaluation on three benchmark scenarios shows that cost improvements exist in terms of thermal generation improvement, lower renewable generation curtailment and load shedding avoidance cost. Zinc‐air battery offers the highest net present value at relatively low PV penetration levels. Increased penetration levels favour Li‐ion batteries followed by Pb‐acid and Vanadium‐redox flow batteries. In general, the viability of each storage device depends on the renewable penetration level, promoting the technologies with lower capital costs at limited shares, whereas at higher contribution frameworks systems with higher performance features become preferable.
GOODS-ALMA 2.0: Starbursts in the main sequence reveal compact star formation regulating galaxy evolution prequenching
Authors: Gómez-Guijarro C. , Elbaz D. , Xiao M. , Kokorev V. I. , Magdis G. E. , Magnelli B. , Daddi E. , Valentino F. , Sargent M. T. , Dickinson M. , Béthermin M. , Franco M. , Pope A. , Kalita B. S. , Ciesla L. , Demarco R. , Inami H. , Rujopakarn W. , Shu X. , Wang T. , Zhou L. , Alexander D. M. , Bournaud F. , Chary R. , Ferguson H. C. , Finkelstein S. L. , Giavalisco M. , Iono D. , Juneau S. , Kartaltepe J. S. , Lagache G. , Le Floc’h E. , Leiton R. , Leroy L. , Lin L. , Motohara K. , Mullaney J. , Okumura K. , Pannella M. , Papovich C. , Treister E.
Published: December 2021

Compact star formation appears to be generally common in dusty star-forming galaxies (SFGs). However, its role in the framework set by the scaling relations in galaxy evolution remains to be understood. In this work we follow up on the galaxy sample from the GOODS-ALMA 2.0 survey, an ALMA blind survey at 1.1 mm covering a continuous area of 72.42 arcmin2using two array configurations. We derived physical properties, such as star formation rates, gas fractions, depletion timescales, and dust temperatures for the galaxy sample built from the survey. There exists a subset of galaxies that exhibit starburst-like short depletion timescales, but they are located within the scatter of the so-called main sequence of SFGs. These are dubbed starbursts in the main sequence and display the most compact star formation and they are characterized by the shortest depletion timescales, lowest gas fractions, and highest dust temperatures of the galaxy sample, compared to typical SFGs at the same stellar mass and redshift. They are also very massive, accounting for ∼60% of the most massive galaxies in the sample (log(M*/M⊙) > 11.0). We find trends between the areas of the ongoing star formation regions and the derived physical properties for the sample, unveiling the role of compact star formation as a physical driver of these properties. Starbursts in the main sequence appear to be the extreme cases of these trends. We discuss possible scenarios of galaxy evolution to explain the results drawn from our galaxy sample. Our findings suggest that the star formation rate is sustained in SFGs by gas and star formation compression, keeping them within the main sequence even when their gas fractions are low and they are presumably on the way to quiescence.
Ablösung der In-Vitro-Diagnostika-Richtlinie auf die In-Vitro-Diagnostika-Verordnung (IVDR) 05/2022 und Programm für die BDDH-Veranstaltung im Rahmen des GTH-Kongresses 2022 in Leipzig
Authors: Sucker Christoph , Kappert Günther , Koscielny Jürgen
Published: December 2021

Ablösung der In-Vitro-Diagnostika-Richtlinie auf die In-Vitro-Diagnostika-Verordnung (IVDR) 05/2022 (Christoph Sucker, Günther Kappert)

Planmäßig soll am 26.05.2022 die bisher geltende In-Vitro-Diagnostika-Richtlinie durch die In-Vitro-Diagnostika-Verordnung (IVDR) ersetzt werden und würde dann an diesem Tag unmittelbar rechtlich wirksam.
Therapie-Adhärenz bei Patient*innen mit Mukoviszidose im Erwachsenenalter
Authors: Kerscher Dirk , Hammer Sabine , Jung Michael
Published: December 2021

Hintergrund Um die Folgen der Progression von Mukoviszidose möglichst gering zu halten, benötigen Patient*innen ein Konzept für lebenslange medikamentöse Interventionen und intensive Physiotherapie, gepaart mit einer sehr hohen Therapie-Adhärenz. Durch die Erhöhung der durchschnittlichen Lebenswartung auf über 50 Jahre bei über der Hälfte der Betroffenen stehen medizinische Fachkräfte vor neuen Herausforderungen bei der Versorgung. Die nötigte Implementierung von Übergangsprogrammen für junge Erwachsene, aus den Kinderambulanzen heraus, sind jedoch noch immer nicht flächendeckend vollzogen. Niedrige Raten bei der Adhärenz verdeutlichen die problematische Situation.

Ziel Erfassung der Wahrnehmung von jungen Erwachsenen mit Mukoviszidose in Bezug auf Faktoren, die einen Einfluss auf ihre Therapie-Adhärenz haben.

Methode Das Erleben der Behandlungen sowie die Adhärenz beeinflussenden Faktoren wurden anhand von Leitfadeninterviews (n = 10) erhoben. Die Auswertung erfolgte mithilfe der inhaltlich strukturierenden Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz.

Ergebnisse Es zeigt sich ein komplexes Gesamtbild von Einflussfaktoren, mit einem auffälligen Wechselverhalten zwischen Adhärenz und Non-Adhärenz zu medizinisch notwendigen Therapien. Aus Sicht der Befragten ist die partizipative Entscheidungsfindung der zentrale Ansatzpunkt zur Förderung der Adhärenz, Minderung des Wechselverhaltens und Stärkung der Bewältigung und Aufrechterhaltung von Selbstwirksamkeit.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse geben Implikationen für die Ausbildung von Physiotherapeut*innen und Mediziner*innen bezüglich theoretischer Grundlagen zum Gesundheitsverhalten, zur Verhaltensänderung, Adhärenz und zu Entscheidungsprozessen von Patient*innen.
Modulating Autoimmunity against LDL: Development of a Vaccine against Atherosclerosis
Authors: Marchini Timoteo , Abogunloko Tijani , Wolf Dennis
Published: December 2021

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall that leads to the build-up of occluding atherosclerotic plaques. Its clinical sequelae, myocardial infarction and stroke, represent the most frequent causes of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial pathology that involves traditional risk factors and chronic low-grade inflammation in the atherosclerotic plaque and systemically. This process is accompanied by a strong autoimmune response that involves autoreactive T cells in lymph nodes and atherosclerotic plaques, as well as autoantibodies that recognize low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and its main protein component apolipoprotein B (ApoB). In the past 60 years, numerous preclinical observations have suggested that immunomodulatory vaccination with LDL, ApoB, or its peptides has the potential to specifically dampen autoimmunity, enhance tolerance to atherosclerosis-specific antigens, and protect from experimental atherosclerosis in mouse models. Here, we summarize and discuss mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic opportunities of immunomodulatory vaccination and other strategies to enhance protective immunity in atherosclerosis.
Influence of Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine on the Dynamic Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of XP Endo Shaper Instruments
Authors: Tanomaru Alexandra Aparecida , Limoeiro Ana Grasiela , de Jesus Soares Adriana , Junior Elson Lopes Medeiros , Campos Gabriel Rocha , Hamasaki Sílvia Kaoru , Nascimento Wayne Martins , Horta Luiz Meton , Goulart Paula Avelar da Silva Ribeiro , do Couto Viviane Rangel , Alves Patrícia Bastos , Magalhães Verônica , Campos Danilo De Luca , Frozoni Marcos
Published: December 2021

Objective This study evaluated the dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance of the XP-Endo Shaper (XPS), associated with chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in two different formulations: gel (G) or liquid (L).

Materials and Methods Sixty XPS were used in an artificial stainless-steel canal, and the files were fully immersed in the irrigating solution throughout the experiment until the fracture. The files were divided into six groups (n = 10) based on the irrigation solution used: NaOCl(L), NaOCl(G), CHX(L), CHX(G), natrosol gel (NAT) (control), and lubricating oil (LO) (control). The artificial canal was manufactured 1.5 mm wide, 20 mm long, and, 3.5 mm deep with a straight cervical segment measuring 14.29 mm; an apical segment of 4.71 mm with 3 mm radius; and 90 degrees of curvature apical 1 mm long straight segment. Resistance to cyclic fatigue was determined by recording the number of cycles to fracture (NCF).

Results The CHX(G), CHX(L), and OIL (LO) groups showed no significant difference between them and presented longer time to fracture (p > 0.05). NaOCl(L) shows the lowest NCF without significant differences between NaOCl(G) and NAT. The NCF of the NaOCl(G) was statistically similar to the CHX(L) and statistically lower than the CHX(G) and OIL groups. NAT did not present a statistical difference of the NaOCl(L), NaOCl(G), and presented a significantly lower NCF than the CHX(G) (p < 0.01).

Conclusion The use of CHX(G) resulted in increased cyclic fatigue resistance of the XPS instruments compared to NaOCl or LO.
Antifungal Activity of Beluntas “Indian Camphorweed” (Pluchea indica) Ethanol Extract on Candida albicans In Vitro Using Different Solvent Concentrations
Authors: Demolsky Wayan Larissa , Sugiaman Vinna Kurniawati , Pranata Natallia
Published: December 2021

Objective Oral candidiasis is an infection caused by pathogenic fungi Candida albicans, with a considerably high prevalence of 20 to 72%. Indian camphorweed (Pluchea indica) also known as “beluntas” as the local name has been known as a traditional medicine in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to research the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of beluntas ethanolic extract against the growth of C. albicans.

Materials and Methods The MIC and MFC were measured by microdilution assay and total plate count respectively with a variation of solvents (DMSO 1%, 10%, and 4%) and beluntas extract with concentrations between 0.3125 and 200 mg/mL. Amphotericin and nystatin were used as a comparison.

Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance and posthoc Tukey test were used to determine the significant difference between treatments.

Results It was found that the MIC ranged from 50 to 200 mg/mL in the test with DMSO 10% solvent and MFC was found to be at a concentration of 200 mg/mL. However, there is a significant inhibitory effect and killing effect from DMSO 10% against C. albicans (p = 0.000). MIC was also found within concentrations of 100 mg/mL of beluntas extract in DMSO 4%. In this study, the DMSO 4% concentration neither showed significant inhibitory effects nor killing effects; therefore, the result was acceptable (p = 0.357).

Conclusion Ethanol extract of beluntas (P. Indica) has the potential of being an antifungal agent with inhibitory activity in concentrations ≥100 mg/mL, which is similar to nystatin (p = 0.278). The MFC for the extract was above 100 mg/mL, which cannot be measured with this method as a higher concentration of DMSO is needed, which had a toxic effect on the tested fungi.
Accuracies and biases of ageing white-tailed deer in semiarid environments
Authors: Foley Aaron M. , Lewis John S. , Cortez Oscar , Hellickson Mickey W. , Hewitt David G. , DeYoung Randy W. , DeYoung Charles A. , Schnupp Matthew J.
Published: December 2021

Abstract Context The ability to accurately estimate age of animals is important for both research and management. The two methods for age estimation in ungulates are tooth replacement and wear (TRW) and cementum annuli (CA). Errors in estimated TRW ages are commonly attributed to environmental conditions; however, the influence of environmental variables on tooth wear has not been quantified. Further, the performance of CA in environments with weak seasonality has not been thoroughly evaluated. Aims The study had the following three goals: identify environmental and morphological factors that influenced estimated ages, quantify accuracy of TRW and CA, and develop TRW ageing criteria that minimise error. Methods We used data from harvested (n = 5117) and free-ranging, known-age white-tailed deer (n = 134) collected in southern Texas, USA, to quantify environmental and morphological influences on estimated TRW ages, and assess biases in both methods. Key results We observed substantial variation in age estimates for both TRW and CA. Soil, drought and supplemental nutrition had minor effects on tooth wear, insufficient to alter age estimates by ≥1 year. Body mass and antler size influenced age estimates for TRW only for extreme outliers. Both methods were biased and tended to under-estimate ages of adult deer, especially TRW. Wear on the first molar was most correlated with the known age (r2 = 0.78) and allowed biologists to correctly place known-age deer into age classes of 2, 3–5, and ≥6 years old 72%, 73% and 68% of the time, an improvement compared with the 79%, 48% and 28% accuracy from pooled TRW. Conclusions We observed substantial inter- and intra-individual variation in tooth-wear patterns that became more pronounced in older deer. Individual variation had a greater influence on TRW ages than did environmental covariates, whereas CA ages appeared unaffected by environment. Although variable, age estimates were ±1 year of the true age 87% and 93% of the time for TRW and CA respectively. Implications Managers, ecologists and epidemiologists often incorporate ages into population models. The high inter-individual variation in estimated ages, the tendency to underestimate ages of older deer, and the ageing method need to be considered.
Therapeutic IGF-I receptor inhibition alters fibrocyte immune phenotype in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
Authors: Fernando Roshini , Caldera Oshadi , Smith Terry J.
Published: December 2021

Significance

Teprotumumab, a therapeutic IGF-I receptor inhibitor, dramatically alters the clinical course of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and has recently become the only medical therapy for TAO thus far approved by the US FDA. Introduction of teprotumumab has resulted in a paradigm shift in the clinical management of TAO. Here, we demonstrate that teprotumumab and other IGF-I inhibitors attenuate MHC II and B7 expression in fibrocytes in TAO, both in vitro and in patients treated with the drug in vivo. This inhibition is associated with substantial reductions in two key inflammatory cytokines implicated in TAO. Thus, the current findings provide a plausible mechanism underlying the therapeutic responses to teprotumumab.
Spatiotemporal Modulation of Thermal Emission from Thermal-Hysteresis Vanadium Dioxide for Multiplexing Thermotronics Functionalities
Authors: Xing Guanying , Zhao Weixian , Hu Run , Luo Xiaobing
Published: December 2021

Taking heat positively as the information carrier, thermotronics can exempt the long-lasting thermal issue of electronics fundamentally, yet has been faced with the challenging multiplexing integration of diverse functionalities. Here, we demonstrate a spatiotemporal modulation platform to achieve multiplexing thermotronics functionalities based on the thermal-hysteresis vanadium dioxide, including negative-differential thermal emission, thermal diode, thermal memristor, thermal transistor, and beyond. The physics behind the multiplexing thermotronics lies in the thermal hysteresis emission characteristics of the phase-changing vanadium dioxide during the spatiotemporal modulation. The present spatiotemporal modulation is expected to stimulate more exploration on novel functionalities, system integration, and practical applications of thermotronics.
Experimental amplitude and frequency control of a self-excited microcantilever by linear and nonlinear feedback
Authors: Higuchi Eisuke , Yabuno Hiroshi , Yamamoto Yasuyuki , Matsumoto Sohei
Published: December 2021

It is well known that the micro scale deviations of mechanical properties of a sample can be detected by measurement methods that use microcantilever as resonators. Those methods use the natural frequency shift of a resonator, thus we need to recognize the frequency shift caused by the effects of a sample on a resonator with high sensitivity and accuracy. Experimental approaches based on self-excited oscillation enable the detection of these shifts even when the resonator is immersed in a high-viscosity environment. In the present study, we experimentally and theoretically investigate the nonlinear characteristics of a microcantilever resonator and their control by nonlinear feedback. We show that the steady-state response amplitude and the corresponding response frequency can be controlled by cubic nonlinear velocity feedback and cubic nonlinear displacement feedback, respectively. Furthermore, the amplitude and frequency of the steady-state self-excited oscillation can be controlled separately. These results will expand application of measurement methods that use self-excited resonators.
Improving the accuracy of the neuroevolution machine learning potential for multi-component systems
Authors: Fan Zheyong
Published: December 2021

In a previous paper Fan et al (2021 Phys. Rev. B 104, 104309), we developed the neuroevolution potential (NEP), a framework of training neural network based machine-learning potentials using a natural evolution strategy and performing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the trained potentials. The atom-environment descriptor in NEP was constructed based on a set of radial and angular functions. For multi-component systems, all the radial functions between two atoms are multiplied by some fixed factors that depend on the types of the two atoms only. In this paper, we introduce an improved descriptor for multi-component systems, in which different radial functions are multiplied by different factors that are also optimized during the training process, and show that it can significantly improve the regression accuracy without increasing the computational cost in MD simulations.
Polarized light-aided visual-inertial navigation system: global heading measurements and graph optimization-based multi-sensor fusion
Authors: Xia Linlin , Liu Ruimin , Zhang Daochang , Zhang Jingjing
Published: December 2021

Polarized skylight is as fundamental a constituent of passive navigation as the geomagnetic field. With regard to its applicability to outdoor robot localization, a polarized light-aided visual-inertial navigation system (VINS) modelization dedicated to globally optimized pose estimation and heading correction is constructed. The combined system follows typical visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) frameworks, and we propose a methodology to fuse global heading measurements with visual and inertial information in a graph optimization-based estimator. With ideas of‘adding new attributes of graph vertices and creating heading error-encoded constraint edges’, the heading, as the absolute orientation reference, is estimated by the Berry polarization model and continuously updated in a graph structure. The formulized graph optimization process for multi-sensor fusion is simultaneously provided. In terms of campus road experiments on the Bulldog-CX robot platform, the results are compared against purely stereo camera-dependent and VINS Fusion frameworks, revealing that our design is substantially more accurate than others with both locally and globally consistent position and attitude estimates. As a passive and tightly coupled navigation mode, the polarized light-aided VINS can therefore be considered as a tool candidate for a class of visual SLAM-based multi-sensor fusion.
An electrostatics paradox
Authors: Cross Rod
Published: December 2021

An electric charge located outside a closed metal box does not produce an electric field inside the box. On the other hand, an electric charge located inside the box can generate an electric field outside the box. A charge inside the box can therefore exert a force on a charge outside the box, but not vice-versa, in apparent contradiction of Newton’s third law.
Information entropy, fractional revivals and Schrödinger equation with position-dependent mass
Authors: Iqbal Shahid
Published: December 2021

Information entropy has played a key role in a wide range of disciplines, for instance, classical and quantum information processing, quantum computing, quantum dynamics and quantum metrology. Here, we develop an information theoretic formalism using Shannon entropy, to investigate the quantum dynamics of Hamiltonian systems with position-dependent mass. Such systems are of fundamental interest in many areas, for instance, condensed matter, mathematical physics and foundations of quantum mechanics. We explore the phenomenon of fractional revivals for the temporal evolution of wave-packet solutions of Schrödinger equation with position-dependent mass by studying, analytically and numerically, the time-development of Shannon information entropy in position and momentum spaces. It is shown by our numerical results that the effect of spatially varying mass on the fractional revivals can not be fully harnessed using conventional measures, for instance, autocorrelation function. However, based on our numerical analysis it is concluded that information entropy is not only more sensitive to identify the fractional revivals but it also better elucidates the effect of position-dependent mass on the structure of fractional revivals in the form of symmetry breaking.
Gravity waves and primordial black holes in scalar warm little inflation
Authors: Bastero-Gil Mar , Subías Díaz-Blanco Marta
Published: December 2021

In warm inflation, dissipation due to the interactions of the inflaton field to other light degrees of freedom leads naturally to the enhancement of the primordial spectrum during the last 10-20 efolds of inflation. We study this effect in a variant of the Warm Little Inflaton model, where the inflaton couples to light scalars, with a quartic chaotic potential. These large fluctuations on re-entry will form light, evaporating Primordial Black Holes, with masses lighter than 106 g. But at the same time they will act as a source for the tensors at second order. The enhancement is maximal near the end of inflation, which result in a spectral density of Gravitational Waves (GW) peaked at frequencies f ∼ O(105-106) Hz today, and with an amplitude ΩGW ∼ 10-9. Although the frequency range is outside the reach of present and planned GW detectors, it might be reached in future high-frequency gravitational waves detectors, designed to search for cosmological stochastic GW backgrounds above MHz frequencies.
Peculiarities of interaction of a quantum dot with non-classical light in the self-phase modulation regime
Authors: Balybin S N , Zakharov R V , Tikhonova O V
Published: December 2021

Influence of the self-phase modulation of quantum light on the induced resonant excitation of a semiconductor quantum dot is studied analytically in the case of the Kerr-nonlinearity of the medium. The phase nonlinearity is found to result actually in a resonance detuning specific for each field photon number state. This effect is shown to provide significant decrease of the excitation efficiency accompanied at the same time by more regular excitation dynamics obtained even for initial squeezed vacuum field state. The enhancement of entanglement between semiconductor and field subsystems with growing non-linearity is demonstrated. As a result, the formation of different types of non-Gaussian field states is found with features being analyzed in details.
Stability of large complex systems with heterogeneous relaxation dynamics
Authors: Mergny Pierre , Majumdar Satya N
Published: December 2021

We study the probability of stability of a large complex system of size N within the framework of a generalized May model, which assumes a linear dynamics of each population size n

i
(with respect to its equilibrium value):

d

n

i

d
t

=
−

a

i

n

i

−

T

∑

j

J

i
j

n

j

. The a

i
> 0’s are the intrinsic decay rates, J

ij
is a real symmetric (N × N) Gaussian random matrix and

T

measures the strength of pairwise interaction between different species. Our goal is to study how inhomogeneities in the intrinsic damping rates a

i
affect the stability of this dynamical system. As the interaction strength T increases, the system undergoes a phase transition from a stable phase to an unstable phase at a critical value T = T
c. We reinterpret the probability of stability in terms of the hitting time of the level b = 0 of an associated Dyson Brownian motion (DBM), starting at the initial position a

i
and evolving in ‘time’ T. In the large N → ∞ limit, using this DBM picture, we are able to completely characterize T
c for arbitrary density μ(a) of the a

i
’s. For a specific flat configuration

a

i

=
1
+
σ

i
−
1

N

, we obtain an explicit parametric solution for the limiting (as N → ∞) spectral density for arbitrary T and σ. For finite but large N, we also compute the large deviation properties of the probability of stability on the stable side T < T
c using a Coulomb gas representation.
Uncertainty relations for mesoscopic coherent light
Authors: Soret Ariane , Shpielberg Ohad , Akkermans Eric
Published: December 2021

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations unveil useful connections between fluctuations in thermal systems and entropy production. This work extends these ideas to the disparate field ofzero temperaturequantum mesoscopic physics where fluctuations are due to coherent effects and entropy production is replaced by a cost function. The cost function arises naturally as a bound on fluctuations, induced by coherent effects—a critical resource in quantum mesoscopic physics. Identifying the cost function as an important quantity demonstrates the potential of importing powerful methods from non-equilibrium statistical physics to quantum mesoscopics.
The low-frequency limiting behavior of ambipolar diffusive models of impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Barbero G , Evangelista L R , Tilli P
Published: December 2021

The Poisson–Nernst–Planck (PNP) diffusional model is a successful theoretical framework to investigate the electrochemical impedance response of insulators containing ionic impurities to an external ac stimulus. Apparent deviations of the experimental spectra from the predictions of the PNP model in the low frequency region are usually interpreted as an interfacial property. Here, we provide a rigorous mathematical analysis of the low-frequency limiting behavior of the model, analyzing the possible origin of these deviation related to bulk properties. The analysis points toward the necessity to consider a bulk effect connected with the difference in the diffusion coefficients of cations and anions (ambipolar diffusion). The ambipolar model does not continuously reach the behavior of the one mobile ion diffusion model when the difference in the mobility of the species vanishes, for a fixed frequency, in the cases of ohmic and adsorption–desorption boundary conditions. The analysis is devoted to the low frequency region, where the electrodes play a fundamental role in the response of the cell; thus, different boundary conditions, charged to mimic the non-blocking character of the electrodes, are considered. The new version of the boundary conditions in the limit in which one of the mobility is tending to zero is deduced. According to the analysis in the dc limit, the phenomenological parameters related to the electrodes are frequency dependent, indicating that the exchange of electric charge from the bulk to the external circuit, in the ohmic model, is related to a surface impedance, and not simply to an electric resistance.
Stresses Analysis of Roller Gear Drive
Authors: Dai Zih-Chun
Published: December 2021

The roller worm gear drives have been widely adopted in numerous industrial applications such as robot joint reducer, heavy-duty production line. This study is to improve the performance of a roller gear drive by utilizing an iterative optimization scheme to improve the tooth profile of the hourglass worm gear in the roller gear drive. Dedicated design of the variable-pitch slot on the hourglass worm gear can remedy the power efficiency of the roller gear drive by enhancing the contact ratio dramatically. This research showed that the roller gear drive is a better mechanism for the high reduction ratio reducers. The CAD design and performance analysis of a roller gear drive by SolidWorks have provided the engineers an optimizing methodology.
Mode classification for vortex shedding from an oscillating wind turbine using machine learning
Authors: Cann Matthew , McConkey Ryley , Lien Fue-Sang , Melek William , Yee Eugene
Published: December 2021

This study presents an effective strategy that applies machine learning methods to classify vortex shedding modes produced by the oscillating cylinder of a bladeless wind turbine. A 2-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation using OpenFOAMv2006 was developed to simulate a bladeless wind turbines vortex shedding behavior. The simulations were conducted at two wake modes (2S, 2P) and a transition mode (2PO). The local flow measurements were recorded using four sensors: vorticity, flow speed, stream-wise and transverse stream-wise velocity components. The time-series data was transformed into the frequency domain to generate a reduced feature vector. A variety of supervised machine learning models were quantitatively compared based on classification accuracy. The best performing models were then reevaluated based on the effects of artificial noisy experimental data on the models’ performance. The velocity sensors orientated transverse to the pre-dominant flow (u

y
) achieved improved testing accuracy of 15% compared to the next best sensor. The random forest and k-nearest neighbor models, using u

y
, achieved 99.3% and 99.8% classification accuracy, respectively. The feature noise analysis conducted reduced classification accuracy by 11.7% and 21.2% at the highest noise level for the respective models. The random forest algorithm trained using the transverse stream-wise component of the velocity vector provided the best balance of testing accuracy and robustness to data corruption. The results highlight the proposed methods’ ability to accurately identify vortex structures in the wake of an oscillating cylinder using feature extraction.
α′-corrections and their double formulation
Authors: Lescano Eric
Published: December 2021

The present notes are based on three lectures, each ninety minutes long, prepared for the school “Integrability, Dualities and Deformations”, that ran from 23 to 27 August 2021 in Santiago de Compostela and virtually. These lectures, aimed at graduate students, require only a basic knowledge of string theory. The main goal is to introduce α′-corrections to the gravitational sector of diﬀerent formulations of closed string theory and to reformulate them using novel techniques based on double ﬁeld theory.