bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intervenção socioalimentar em escola municipal de Frederico Westphalen – RS
Authors: Torres Figueredo Oscar Agustín , Da Silva Vanessa Alba , Gazzana Denise , Guerreiro Laise , Croda Jéssica Puhl , Heckler Dienifer , Lazarotto Samara
Published: March 2017

Nas sociedades atuais cresce a preocupação com a qualidade dos alimentos e a segurança alimentar. A presente experiência de extensão foi realizada em Frederico Westphalen – RS, na Escola Municipal Giusto Damo, o qual teve por objetivo incentivar uma alimentação saudável nos primeiros momentos de vida social e concomitantemente ao fomento da produção agroecológica como fatores de importância para a saúde. Nas atividades realizadas buscou-se transmitir informações e aprendizados sobre a importância do consumo de alimentos saldáveis. Os resultados da intervenção demonstraram que a comunidade escolar está ciente da importância de praticar uma alimentação saudável.
Leitura crítica da mídia e narrativas audiovisuais: experiência de jovens no município mineiro de Mariana
Authors: Maia Marta Regina , Campos Monique Ferreira
Published: March 2017

As questões que envolvem a articulação entre mídia e educação perpassam o contexto contemporâneo, marcado pela forte presença das tecnologias de comunicação nos processos socioculturais. Há, portanto, a necessidade de promoção de leituras críticas da mídia. Nesse processo interativo, os questionamentos podem tensionar as práticas midiáticas a partir de projetos extensionistas voltados para esse fim. Assim, o presente estudo relata a metodologia, os resultados e desafios do projeto de extensão da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto “Núcleo de Leitura Crítica da Mídia e Narrativas Audiovisuais”. O texto busca promover reflexões sobre a identificação de discursos e representações preponderantes, bem como a transformação das capacidades de comunicação dos jovens envolvidos.
Représentations de la maladie mentale et recours à la contrainte
Authors: Guibet Lafaye Caroline
Published: March 2017

La tradition psychiatrique française est marquée d’une spécificité – la tradition analytique – ayant une présence bien moins forte dans de nombreux autres pays. La psychiatrie dispose en outre de moyens thérapeutiques ignorés par les autres disciplines médicales, en particulier la possibilité d’imposer aux patients, dans certaines conditions, des soins sans leur consentement. Peut-on envisager que les représentations de la maladie mentale, portées par les psychiatres, puissent avoir un lien avec le recours à des formes de contrainte ? Nous tenterons d’apporter une réponse à cette question à partir d’une enquête de type sociologique menée auprès de 90 psychiatres entre 2012 et 2013. Trois types d’attitudes sont majoritairement partagées à l’égard des descriptions de la maladie mentale par l’ensemble des psychiatres néanmoins des corrélations se dégagent entre certaines des interprétations proposées de ces grands types (modèle médical, paradigme individuocentré de type subjectiviste) selon les usages que les médecins ont de la contrainte.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DO CAMINHO DO VÍNCULO MÃE ADOLESCENTE / BEBÊ PRE-TERMO
Authors: Delgado Susana Elena
Published: March 2017

A maternidade precoce traz consigo riscos para a mãe adolescente e seu bebe. Entre estes riscos, a prematuridade é vista como um dos possíveis fatores de dificuldade de vinculação da díade mãe-adolescente e bebe pré-tenno. Este artigo pretende apresentar um estudo de caso que descreve a construção do vínculo de uma mãe adolescente e seu bebé prematuro, através de intervenções da equipe de saúde e, em especial da fonoaudiologia, no incentivo ao aleitamentomatemo.
QUESTÕES SOBRE A DIMENSÃO INTERCULTURAL DA PERÍCIA PSICOLÓGICA NO SISTEMA JUDICIÁRIO FRANCÊS
Authors: Costa-Fernandez Elaine
Published: March 2017

A autora é perita judicial na comarca de Agen e professora de psicologia na Universidade de Toulouse le Mirail, onde ela dirige um seminário sobre os aspectos interculturais daperícia psicológica. Neste artigo2, ela expõe o caso de uma jovem vietnamita vítima de estupro por parte de um amigo de seus pais. A dimensão intercultüral da situação clínica estudada é dupla: ela se refere tanto ao confronto entre a cultura da pessoa examinada e a cultura da sociedade que vai julgar o crime quanto à distancia entre a abordagem psicológica e o mundo jurídico. Sua finalidade é fazer um elo entre lei e desejo, psiquismo e cultura. Questionar a dimensão intercultural desta intervenção permite, do ponto de vista teórico, a analise de mecanismos psíquicos específicos a toda situação de contato de culturas. Do ponto de vista metodológico,este trabalho inscreve-se no campo da psicologia clínica intercultural segundo a qual, as particularidadesculturais do sujeito examinado fazem parte integrante da sua singularidade. Esta abordagem vai necessariamente alterar o diagnóstico de personalidade, além de introduzir uma revisão na interpretação de um teste projetivo como o Psicodiagnóstico de RORSCHACH. Desenvolve-se este enfoque segundo os três tempos de uma perícia psicológica: ao nível epistemológica, quando analisa as funções do psicólogo perito; no decorrer da instrução, quando o clínico encontra o sujeito, elabora suas hipóteses e redige o relatório; finalmente, durante o julgamento, na audiência, quando o perito apresenta suas conclusões diante dos jurados, participando assim aos debates. Do ponto de vista metodológico, a escolha de um único caso clínico visa evitar uma simplificação tipológica, respeitando a multiplicidade de situações.
ESCOLA PROMOTORA DA SAUDE: UMA CONSTRUÇÃO INTERDISCIPLINAR E INTERSETORIAL
Authors: Rocha Dais Gonçalves , Marcelo Vânia Cristina , Pereira Isabel M. T. Bicudo
Published: March 2017

As construções do conceito e do projeto de Escola Promotora da Saúde são trabalhadas sob a Ática da Promoção da Saúde, a partir das concepções da Carta de Ottawa de 1986, enfocandose, predominantemente os aspectos de interdisciplinaridade e intersetorialidade. Estas construções são vistas como uma possibilidade concreta, levando-se em conta a realidade daimplantação dos Parametros Curriculares Nacionais no Brasil e da possibilidade de se entender a saúde dos indivíduos e das coletividades como um recurso que favorece às pessoas o controlede suas vidas.
O SIGNIFICADO DE CASA E RUA PARA MENINOS COM EXPERIÊNCIA DE VIDA NAS RUAS: EM BUSCA DE UMA COMPREENSÃO SOBRE AS IMPLICAÇOES PARA A SAUDE
Authors: Medeiros Marcelo , Ferriani Maria Das Graçus Carvalho , Gomes Romeu , Munari Denize Boteleti
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as representações sociais acerca de casa e rua para meninos com experiência de vida na rua. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida à luz daabordagem social de pesquisa qualitativa em saúde utilizando-se, enquanto princípio metodológico, um recorte das representações sociais das falas de um grupo de meninos abrigados em uma instituição pública. Os resultados, analisados com base na análise de conteúdo - modalidade temática, mostraram que as representações sobre casa e rua se constróem com base em elementos contraditórios. A casa, representada pelo abrigo, supre em parte os vínculos familiares e a rua, apresenta-se enquanto um espaço de liberdade e ao mesmo tempo de privação. Concluindo apontamos que pensar ações em saúde para atender meninos e meninas que vivem e/ou trabalham na rua é uma tarefa bastante complexa, pois não é possível pensarmos em ações isoladas de saúde sendo necessário a busca por parcerias com diferentes instituições.
VOCABULÁRIO EXPRESSIVO DE CRIANÇAS ENTRE 22 E 36 MESES: ESTUDO EXPLORATÓRIO
Authors: Pedromônico Márcia Regina Marcondes , Affonso Luciana Aparecida , Sañudo Adriana
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o vocabulário expressivo de uma amostra de crianças entre 22 e 36 meses, inseridas no Programa de Puericultura do Centro de Saúde de VilaMariana (SP), por meio de entrevista com o cuidador primário. Para tanto, foram entrevistadas mães de 3() crianças, sendo 17 (57%) do sexo masculino e 13 (43%) do sexo feminino, e destas15 entre 22 e 28 meses e 15 entre 29 e 36 meses. Utilizamos a Lista de Avaliação de Vocabulário Expressivo LAVE - (CAPOVILLA & CAPOVILLA, 1997), sob a forma de entrevista com a mãe de cada criança. Foram calculadas medidas descritivas e empregada para tratamento estatístico a ANOVA. As crianças da amostra fadaram em média 195 palavras, sendo 3 crianças consideradas de risco para atraso de emissão. As crianças do sexo feminino produziram ao redor de 43 palavras e 2 palavras por frase a mais do que as crianças do sexo masculino. Verificamos que houve um acréscimo estatisticamente significativo no vocabulário de acordo com o aumento da faixa etária, independente do sexo. As categorias mais faladas por crianças da faixa etar^la estudada foram Pessoa.s, Partes do Corpo, Ações, Casa e Objetos. Com isto pôde-se concluir que é possível caracterizar o vocabulário e detectar crianças de risco para atrasos de emissão através de informações dos pais.
HABILIDADES DE LINGUAGEM E PESSOAL-SOCIAL DE CRIANÇAS DE 0 A 3 ANOS DE IDADE CUIDADAS EM CRECHES
Authors: Rezende Magda A . , Lima Fernanda G. de , Beteli Vivian C. , Santos Jair Lício F.
Published: March 2017

Supervisão e promoção do desenvolvimento infantil são ações de saúde importantes que devem ser realizadas em creches e pré-escolas. Estas ações podem propiciar o desenvolvimento da criança, especialmente em áreas em que é mais dependente do adulto, tais como as de linguagem e pessoal-social. Nosso objetivo no presente estudo foi avaliar habilidades de linguageme pessoal-social de crianças que freqüentavam 3 creches da cidade de São Paulo. Trinta e três crianças, de 0 a 36 meses, 18 meninos e 15 meninas, foram avaliadas pelo Teste de Triagem de Desenvolvimento de Denver II em 2 momentos, separados entre si por 5 meses. As crianças eram de nível sócio-econômico homogêneo. Os fatores estruturais (proporção adulto/criança, grupos pequenos de crianças) das 3 creches eram adequados. O peso de nascimento variou de 1970 a 4280 g. As classificações obtidas foram unificadas após análise não significante (teste de Fischer). Na segunda avaliação, as habilidades das crianças melhoraram nas duas áreas. Os resultados de cada criança foramemparelhados e analisados com o Teste dos Sinais (risco a=0,05): o resultado foi não significante na linguagem e significante na pessoal-social (p=0,008).Conclui-se que a creche deve ter contribuído para a obtenção destes resultados.
A AMAMENTAÇÃO DE BEBÊS PRÉ-TERMO: UM CAMINHO POSSÍVEL PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO DA COMUNICAÇÃO
Authors: Delgado Susana E. , Zorzetto Marileuza
Published: March 2017

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar o conhecimento que as mães de filhos prétermo têm à respeito do aleitamento materno e da importância deste como forma de comunicação,descrevendo os sinais de vínculo e comportamentos comunicativos da díade mãe-bebê durante amamentação. Foram realizadas entrevistas com as mães e observação da amamentação. A amostra foi composta de 15 mães, com idades entre 20 – 25 anos, e seus bebês pré-termo, internados na UTINeonatal. Os resultados quanto ao conhecimento das mães em relação ao aleitamento mostraram que a maioria tinha informações adequadas sobre o mesmo, sendo que as formas de comunicação mais observadas foram a expressão facial, o contato visual e o contato físico. Concluiu-se que a maioria das díades, apesar das dificuldades iniciais, consegue, por meio da amamentação, desencadear a experiência da comunicação e da vinculação mãe-bebê.
IMAGENS DA ADOLESCÊNCIA FEMININA NA REVISTA CAPRICHO
Authors: Couto Wanessa Gonçalves dos Santos , Menandro Paulo Rogério Meira
Published: March 2017

Adolescentes são alvos privilegiados por produtos da indústria cultural. Muitas das informações importantes para a sua formação estão disponíveis nos meios de comunicação de massa. Em muitos países, são publicadas revistas de informação e lazer específicas para o consumo da adolescente feminina. O presente trabalho identificou, organizou e analisou interesses,comportamentos e valores retratados em determinadas seções temáticas da revista Capricho de forma a construir um panorama das imagens com que a adolescência feminina é ali representada e idealizada. Foram analisadas 123 matérias jornalísticas sobre diversos aspectos das relações da adolescente com a sociedade, tendo sido feita uma comparação entre aqueles publicados no período 1993/1995 com os publicados no período 1999/2001. A análise dos dados revelou um “modelo ideal” de adolescente que envolve relações sociais e familiares saudáveis e bem adaptadas. Trata-se da adolescente que consegue conjugar: a) autonomia e liberdade com o respeito aos limites; b) valores e convicções com diálogo; c) autovalorização com respeito às diferenças; d) prazeres e lazeres de várias modalidades com responsabilidade e prevenção da vulgaridade, da violência e das doenças; e) o viver plenamente as demandas de sua idade sem deixar de fazer planos e preparar-se para a vida adulta.
O MUNDO DO JOVEM: ADOLESCÊNCIA EM OITO REGIÕES DO GLOBO. ADOLESCÊNCIA NA ÁFRICA SUB-SAARIANA
Authors: Rabinovich Elaine Pedreira
Published: March 2017

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A RECONSTRUÇÃO DO CORPO E DO TEMPO NO DIALOGO TRANSCULTURAL
Authors: Pereira Ondina Pena
Published: March 2017

Discute-se as possibilidades de se estabelecer uma autêntica comunicação entre culturas, respeitando-se a sua diversidade. A pretenso promoção do ser humano à universalidade prevista no processo de globalização, tem se apresentado, ao contrário, como um processo de homogeneização forçada de todas as culturas, sob o domínio do mercado. Com base em etnografias de povos não modernos, busca-se aqui resgatar a singularidade das culturas, através de análise da relação diferenciado que estas estabelecem com o corpo e com o tempo, diferença, por sua vez, fundada na relação com a morte. A partir dessa análise, reflete-se sobre uma ética do diálogo transcultural, baseada na diversidade.
REPENSANDO O CUIDADO À MULHER QUE AMAMENTA
Authors: Godoy Maria Tereza H. , Bouttelet Denize
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma reflexão acerca da trajetória das politicas de amamentação no Brasil e da postura que tem sido adorada pelos profissionais de saúde Dente às necessidades da mulher que amamenta. Visa a vivência na prática assistencial destinada a esta clientela e a importância de repensarmos o cuidado dispensado à mulher nessa situação tão singular para ela e para a sua familia. A maternidade, assim como a amamentação, por fazerem parte do ciclo evolutivo das mulheres, representa um momento de crise. Apesar de todas as campanhas de incentivo ao aleitamento materno e do empenho em sua promoção pelos profissionais de saúde. sabe-se que o índice de mães que amamentam ainda é muito baixo. A abordagem do problema está voltada para as vantagens e benef icios do aleitamento materno para a cnança, e pouco se fala das dificuldades emocionais dá mulher que amamenta e de seus conflitos.
CUIDANDO DA FAMILIA DA CRIANÇA HOSPITALIZADA
Authors: Andraus Lourdes M. S. , Minamisava Ruth , Munari Denise B.
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para a discussão acerca da assistência à família da criança hospitalizada por meio de uma reflexão teórica articulada à nossa experiência na área. Buscou-se compreender a situação da família diante da hospitalização da criança e os desafios para a equipe de enfermagem no aprendizado da abordagem da família no contexto da internação. Verificou-se que os familiares possuem expectativas e necessidades distintas dos profissionais, que apresentam dificuldades em acolher, orientar e apoiar as famílias. A falta de condições técnico-científicas e operacionais para o atendimento adequado é um dos fatores limitantes. Sugere-se que para a implementação de um modelo assistencial que contemple as necessidades da criança e de sua família haja investimentos na infra-estrutura e na formação específica de profissionais para que seja possível garantir a transformação da realidade na assistência à criança hospitalizada.
O INTERACIONISMO SOCIAL E A INVESTIGAÇAO DA BRINCADEIRA INFANTIL: UMA ANALISE TEÓRICOMETODOLÓGICA
Authors: Sant’Ana Ruth Bemardes de , Resende Carlos Alexandre de , Rantos Luisa Catizane
Published: March 2017

Com base no interacionismo social de Mead (1863-1931), neste artigo é construído um diálogo com a abordagem sócio-histórica de Vygotsky e Leontiev para enfocar a análise da interação social como recurso teórico-metodológico inovador para a investigação da brincadeira na primeira infância. Para a ampliação dó debate sobre a temática, o texto recorre a trabalhos de pesquisa desenvolvidos mais recentemente no Brasil, baseados nessa abordagem, com o objetivo de destacar o desdobramento empírico da reflexão teórica sobre brincadeiras infantis.
PARÂMETROS ESPAÇO-TEMPORAIS DO ANDAR EM CRIANÇAS OBESAS E COM PESO NORMAL DE ACORDO COM O SEXO
Authors: Kleiner Ana F. R. , Gobbi Lilian T. B. , Menucchi Marcos T. P. , Oliveira Maria D. T. de , Pieruccini-Faria Frederico
Published: March 2017

Características corporais interferem no desempenho motor. Para analisar os parâmetros espaço-temporais do andar em crianças obesas e de peso normal, por sexo, 23 crianças entre 7 e 10 anos de idade, foram intencionalmente selecionadas e distribuídas em dois grupos: obeso (OB, n=9) e normal (N, n=14). Marcadores reflexivos foram afixados em pontos anatómicos(quinto metatarso, maléolo lateral e calcando). Os participantes andaram sobre uma passarela de 8m de comprimento na velocidade preferida e foram filmados no plano sagital. As variaveis descritivas analisadas foram: comprimento da passada (CP), comprimento da passada normalizado pela estatura (CPN) duração da passada (DP), velocidade da passada (VP), duração da fase de balanço (DFB) e duração da fase de suporte (DFS). Os resultados revelaram que: grupo isoladamente interfere em CPN e DP; sexo isoladamente afeta CP, CPN, VP; grupo e sexo afetam CPN, DFB, DP. Assim, o aumento da massa corporal ocasiona mudanças nos parâmetros espaço- temporais do andar quando sexo é considerado.
A novel Online‐to‐Offline (O2O) model for pre‐exposure prophylaxis and HIV testing scale up
Authors: Anand Tarandeep , Nitpolprasert Chattiya , Trachunthong Deondara , Kerr Stephen J , Janyam Surang , Linjongrat Danai , Hightow‐Weidman Lisa B , Phanuphak Praphan , Ananworanich Jintanat , Phanuphak Nittaya ,   Adam's Love study team
Published: March 2017

Introduction: PrEP awareness and uptake among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TG) in Thailand remains low. Finding ways to increase HIV testing and PrEP uptake among high‐risk groups is a critical priority. This study evaluates the effect of a novel Adam's Love Online‐to‐Offline (O2O) model on PrEP and HIV testing uptake among Thai MSM and TG and identifies factors associated with PrEP uptake.

Methods: The O2O model was piloted by Adam's Love (www.adamslove.org) HIV educational and counselling website. MSM and TG reached online by PrEP promotions and interested in free PrEP and/or HIV testing services contacted Adam's Love online staff, received real‐time PrEP eCounseling, and completed online bookings for receiving services at one of the four sites in Bangkok based on their preference. Auto‐generated site‐ and service‐specific e‐tickets and Quick Response (QR) codes were sent to their mobile devices enabling monitoring and check‐in by offline site staff. Service uptake and participant's socio‐demographic and risk behaviour characteristics were analyzed. Factors associated with PrEP uptake were assessed using multiple logistic regression.

Results: Between January 10th and April 11th, 2016, Adam's Love reached 272,568 people online via the PrEP O2O promotions. 425 MSM and TG received eCounseling and e‐tickets. There were 325 (76.5%) MSM and TG who checked‐in at clinics and received HIV testing. Nine (2.8%) were diagnosed with HIV infection. Median (IQR) time between receiving the e‐ticket and checking‐in was 3 (0–7) days. Of 316 HIV‐negative MSM and TG, 168 (53.2%) started PrEP. In a multivariate model, higher education (OR 2.30, 95%CI 1.14–4.66; p = 0.02), seeking sex partners online (OR 2.05, 95%CI 1.19–3.54; p = 0.009), being aware of sexual partners’ HIV status (OR 2.37, 95%CI 1.29–4.35; p = 0.008), ever previously using post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) (OR 2.46, 95%CI 1.19–5.09; p = 0.01), and enrolment at Adam's Love clinic compared to the other three sites (OR 3.79, 95%CI 2.06–6.95; p < 0.001) were independently associated with PrEP uptake.

Conclusions: Adam's Love O2O model is highly effective in linking online at‐risk MSM and TG to PrEP and HIV testing services, and has high potential to be replicated and scaled up in other settings with high Internet penetration among key populations.
Curvature reduces bending strains in the quokka femur
Authors: McCabe Kyle , Henderson Keith , Pantinople Jess , Richards Hazel L. , Milne Nick
Published: March 2017

This study explores how curvature in the quokka femur may help to reduce bending strain during locomotion. The quokka is a small wallaby, but the curvature of the femur and the muscles active during stance phase are similar to most quadrupedal mammals. Our hypothesis is that the action of hip extensor and ankle plantarflexor muscles during stance phase place cranial bending strains that act to reduce the caudal curvature of the femur. Knee extensors and biarticular muscles that span the femur longitudinally create caudal bending strains in the caudally curved (concave caudal side) bone. These opposing strains can balance each other and result in less strain on the bone. We test this idea by comparing the performance of a normally curved finite element model of the quokka femur to a digitally straightened version of the same bone. The normally curved model is indeed less strained than the straightened version. To further examine the relationship between curvature and the strains in the femoral models, we also tested an extra-curved and a reverse-curved version with the same loads. There appears to be a linear relationship between the curvature and the strains experienced by the models. These results demonstrate that longitudinal curvature in bones may be a manipulable mechanism whereby bone can induce a strain gradient to oppose strains induced by habitual loading.
Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma Originating in the Porta Hepatis: Report of a Rare Case
Authors: Okimoto Sho , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Kuroda Shintaro , Tashiro Hirotaka , Ohdan Hideki
Published: March 2017

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a soft tissue sarcoma in adults. Although it can occur in any part of the body, its most common site is the extremities, followed by the trunk and retroperitoneum. Here, we describe a rare case of UPS originating in the porta hepatis of an 83-year-old man that was incidentally detected via contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Because malignancy was suspected, we performed a tumor resection with cholecystectomy. Consistent with a diagnosis of UPS, histopathology revealed highly cellular lesions with scattered pleomorphic spindle cell fascicles arranged in a storiform pattern; further, results of tests for all immunohistochemical markers were negative. One year after surgery, the patient is currently doing well without any evidence of tumor recurrence. To our knowledge, this is the first report of UPS originating in the porta hepatis.
A Surgical Case of Synchronous Double Primary Cancers of the Bile Duct and Pancreas
Authors: Suzumura Kazuhiro , Asano Yasukane , Kosaka Hisashi , Sueoka Hideaki , Hirano Tadamichi , Okada Toshihiro , Shimizu Shigeki , Tsujimura Tohru , Fujimoto Jiro
Published: March 2017

A 54-year-old woman was seen at another hospital because of jaundice. Computed tomography showed an unclear boundary and a poorly enhanced mass lesion in the pancreatic body, measuring 28 mm in diameter. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed stenosis of the lower bile duct and the main pancreatic duct in the pancreatic body, and slight dilatation of the main pancreatic duct in the pancreatic tail. According to these findings, the preoperative diagnosis was synchronous double cancers of primary lower bile duct cancer and pancreatic body cancer. We performed pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy with splenic artery and vein resection. A histopathologic examination revealed that the lower bile duct tumor was moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, and the pancreatic body tumor was moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. These 2 tumors showed no histopathologic continuity. According to these pathologic findings, we gave the patient a diagnosis of synchronous double cancers of primary lower bile duct cancer and pancreatic body cancer. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the 48th day after surgery. However, she died of multiple organ failure due to cancer recurrence 22 months after surgery.
Yttrium and rare earth element partitioning in seawaters from the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Yu Zhaojie , Colin Christophe , Douville Eric , Meynadier Laure , Duchamp‐Alphonse Stéphanie , Sepulcre Sophie , Wan Shiming , Song Lina , Wu Qiong , Xu Zhaokai , Bassinot Frank
Published: March 2017

The dissolved yttrium (Y) and rare earth element (REE) concentrations of seawater samples collected along a north‐south hydrological transect within the Bay of Bengal (BoB) have been analyzed to estimate contributions of the Ganges and Brahmaputra (G‐B) river inputs to the dissolved REE distribution of the Northern Indian Ocean. Surface water masses of the BoB are characterized by Y/Ho ratios (84) intermediate between the G‐B river suspended sediment (41) and water mass from the South Indian Ocean (93). Covariation of MREE (middle REE, Sm) and LREE (light REE, La) concentrations suggests that the dissolved REEs in surface waters (upper 100 m depth) of the BoB (Sm/La = 0.21) appear to derive mainly from the freshwater discharge of the G‐B river system. In contrast, values obtained in the intermediate and deep waters (Sm/La = 0.14) suggest a mixing of dissolved REEs deriving from the release of G‐B river suspended particles (Sm/La = 0.16) and the contribution of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) (Sm/La = 0.12). Consequently, we propose that MREE/MREE* ratios in the BoB waters could be an accurate proxy to trace lithogenic inputs from the G‐B river system. The dissolved and particle remineralization Nd fluxes from G‐B river system are calculated to constitute about 9% and 4% of the global dissolved river discharge and “boundary inputs” flux. Our estimation indicates that the massive G‐B river system inputs could greatly alter the dissolved REEs distribution in the BoB and contribute to the dissolved REEs budget in the ocean.
The potential of sedimentary foraminiferal rare earth element patterns to trace water masses in the past
Authors: Osborne Anne H. , Hathorne Ed C. , Schijf Johan , Plancherel Yves , Böning Philipp , Frank Martin
Published: March 2017

Dissolved rare earth element (REE) concentration data from intermediate and deep seawater form an array characterized by higher middle‐REE enrichments (MREE/MREE*) in the North Atlantic and a progressive increase in heavy‐to‐light REE ratios (HREE/LREE) as water masses age. The REEs in foraminifera are fractionated toward higher MREE/MREE* and lower HREE/LREE relative to seawater. Calculations based on a scavenging model show that the REE patterns in uncleaned core‐top foraminifera resemble those adsorbed onto calcite, particulate organic material, and hydrous ferric oxides but the full extent of the REE fractionation measured in foraminifera was not reproduced by the model. However, differences in the HREE/LREE and MREE/MREE* ratios and the cerium anomaly between ocean basins are preserved and are in agreement with the seawater REE distribution. Under oxic conditions, the HREE/LREE and MREE/MREE* compositions of uncleaned foraminifera at the sediment/seawater boundary are preserved during burial but the cerium anomaly is sensitive to burial depth. In suboxic sedimentary environments, all uncleaned foraminiferal REE concentrations are elevated relative to core‐top values indicating addition of REEs from pore waters. The HREE/LREE ratio is highest when sedimentation rates were greatest and when high Fe/Ca ratios in the uncleaned foraminifera indicate that Fe was mobile. In sediments that have not experienced suboxic conditions during burial, uncleaned foraminifera preserve the seawater signal taken up at the sediment/seawater interface and are therefore suggested to be a suitable archive of changes in the REE signal of past bottom waters.
Differential response of corals to regional mass‐warming events as evident from skeletal Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios
Authors: Clarke Harry , D'Olivo Juan Pablo , Falter James , Zinke Jens , Lowe Ryan , McCulloch Malcolm
Published: March 2017

During the summer of 2010/2011, a regional marine heat wave resulted in coral bleaching of variable severity along much of the western coastline of Australia. At Ningaloo Reef, a 300 km long fringing reef system and World Heritage site, highly contrasting coral bleaching was observed between two morphologically distinct nearshore reef communities located on either side of the Ningaloo Peninsula: Tantabiddi (∼20% bleaching) and Bundegi (∼90% bleaching). For this study, we collected coral cores (Porites sp.) from Tantabiddi and Bundegi reef sites to assess the response of the Sr/Ca temperature proxy and Mg/Ca ratios to the variable levels of thermal stress imposed at these two sites during the 2010/2011 warming event. We found that there was an anomalous increase in Sr/Ca and decrease in Mg/Ca ratios in the Bundegi record that was coincident with the timing of severe coral bleaching at the site, while no significant changes were observed in the Tantabiddi record. We show that the change in the relationship of Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios with temperature at Bundegi during the 2010/2011 event reflects changes in related coral “vital” processes during periods of environmental stress. These changes were found to be consistent with a reduction in active transport of Ca2+ to the site of calcification leading to a reduction in calcification rates and reduced Rayleigh fractionation of incorporated trace elements.
Detecting negative ions on board small satellites
Authors: Lepri S. T. , Raines J. M. , Gilbert J. A. , Cutler J. , Panning M. , Zurbuchen T. H.
Published: March 2017

Recent measurements near comets, planets, and their satellites have shown that heavy ions, energetic neutral atoms, molecular ions, and charged dust contain a wealth of information about the origin, evolution, and interaction of celestial bodies with their space environment. Using highly sensitive plasma instruments, positively charged heavy ions have been used to trace exospheric and surface composition of comets, planets, and satellites as well as the composition of interplanetary and interstellar dust. While positive ions dominate throughout the heliosphere, negative ions are also produced from surface interactions. In fact, laboratory experiments have shown that oxygen released from rocky surfaces is mostly negatively charged. Negative ions and negatively charged nanograins have been detected with plasma electron analyzers in several different environments (e.g., by Cassini and Rosetta), though more extensive studies have been challenging without instrumentation dedicated to negative ions. We discuss an adaptation of the Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometer (FIPS) flown on MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging (MESSENGER) for the measurement of negatively charged particles. MESSENGER/FIPS successfully measured the plasma environment of Mercury from 2011 until 2015, when the mission ended, and has been used to map multiple ion species (H+ through Na+ and beyond) throughout Mercury's space environment. Modifications to the existing instrument design fits within a 3U CubeSat volume and would provide a low mass, low power instrument, ideal for future CubeSat or distributed sensor missions seeking, for the first time, to characterize the contribution of negative particles in the heliospheric plasmas near the planets, moons, comets, and other sources.
The impact of sedimentary anisotropy on solute mixing in stacked scour‐pool structures
Authors: Bennett Jeremy P. , Haslauer Claus P. , Cirpka Olaf A.
Published: March 2017

The spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity is known to have a strong impact on solute spreading and mixing. In most investigations, its local anisotropy has been neglected. Recent studies have shown that spatially varying orientation in sedimentary anisotropy can lead to twisting flow enhancing transverse mixing, but most of these studies used geologically implausible geometries. We use an object‐based approach to generate stacked scour‐pool structures with either isotropic or anisotropic filling which are typically reported in glacial outwash deposits. We analyze how spatially variable isotropic conductivity and variation of internal anisotropy in these features impacts transverse plume deformation and both longitudinal and transverse spreading and mixing. In five test cases, either the scalar values of conductivity or the spatial orientation of its anisotropy is varied between the scour‐pool structures. Based on 100 random configurations, we compare the variability of velocity components, stretching and folding metrics, advective travel‐time distributions, one and two‐particle statistics in advective‐dispersive transport, and the flux‐related dilution indices for steady state advective‐dispersive transport among the five test cases. Variation in the orientation of internal anisotropy causes strong variability in the lateral velocity components, which leads to deformation in transverse directions and enhances transverse mixing, whereas it hardly affects the variability of the longitudinal velocity component and thus longitudinal spreading and mixing. The latter is controlled by the spatial variability in the scalar values of hydraulic conductivity. Our results demonstrate that sedimentary anisotropy is important for transverse mixing, whereas it may be neglected when considering longitudinal spreading and mixing.
Mixing as a driver of temporal variations in river hydrochemistry: 2. Major and trace element concentration dynamics in the Andes‐Amazon transition
Authors: Baronas J. Jotautas , Torres Mark A. , Clark Kathryn E. , West A. Joshua
Published: March 2017

Variations in riverine solute chemistry with changing runoff are used to interrogate catchment hydrology and to investigate chemical reactions in Earth's critical zone. This approach requires some understanding of how spatial and temporal averaging of solute‐generating reactions affect the dissolved load of rivers and streams. In this study, we investigate the concentration‐runoff (C‐Q) dynamics of a suite of major (Na, Mg, Ca, Si, K, and SO4) and trace (Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ge, Li, Mn, Mo, Nd, Ni, Rb, Sr, U, V, and Zn) elements in nested catchments of variable size, spanning the geomorphic gradient from the Andes Mountains to the Amazon Foreland‐floodplain. The major elements exhibit various degrees of dilution with increasing runoff at all sites, whereas the concentrations of most trace elements either increase or show no relationship with increasing runoff in the three larger catchments (160–28,000 km2 area). We show that the observed main stem C‐Q dynamics are influenced by variable mixing of tributaries with distinct C‐Q relationships. Trace element C‐Q relationships are more variable among tributaries relative to major elements, which could be the result of variations in geomorphology, lithology, and hydrology of the subcatchments. Certain trace metals are also lost from solution during in‐channel processes (possibly related to colloidal size‐partitioning), which may exert an additional control on C‐Q dynamics. Overall, we suggest that tributary aggregation effects should be assessed in heterogeneous catchments before C‐Q or ratio‐Q relationships can be interpreted as reflecting catchment‐wide solute generation processes and their relationship to hydrology.
Mixing as a driver of temporal variations in river hydrochemistry: 1. Insights from conservative tracers in the Andes‐Amazon transition
Authors: Torres Mark A. , Baronas J. Jotautas , Clark Kathryn E. , Feakins Sarah J. , West A. Joshua
Published: March 2017

The response of hillslope processes to changes in precipitation may drive the observed changes in the solute geochemistry of rivers with discharge. This conjecture is most robust when variations in the key environmental factors that affect hillslope processes (e.g., lithology, erosion rate, and climate) are minimal across a river's catchment area. For rivers with heterogenous catchments, temporal variations in the relative contributions of different tributary subcatchments may modulate variations in solute geochemistry with runoff. In the absence of a dense network of hydrologic gauging stations, alternative approaches are required to distinguish between the different drivers of temporal variability in river solute concentrations. In this contribution, we apportion the water and solute fluxes of a reach of the Madre de Dios River (Peru) between its four major tributary subcatchments during two sampling campaigns (wet and dry seasons) using spatial variations in conservative tracers. Guided by the results of a mixing model, we identify temporal variations in solute concentrations of the main stem Madre de Dios that are due to changes in the relative contributions of each tributary. Our results suggest that variations in tributary mixing are, in part, responsible for the observed concentration‐discharge (C‐Q) relationships. The implications of these results are further explored by reanalyzing previously published C‐Q data from this region, developing a theoretical model of tributary mixing, and, in a companion paper, comparing the C‐Q behavior of a suite of major and trace elements in the Madre de Dios River system.
Modeling complex flow structures and drag around a submerged plant of varied posture
Authors: Boothroyd Richard J. , Hardy Richard J. , Warburton Jeff , Marjoribanks Timothy I.
Published: March 2017

Although vegetation is present in many rivers, the bulk of past work concerned with modeling the influence of vegetation on flow has considered vegetation to be morphologically simple and has generally neglected the complexity of natural plants. Here we report on a combined flume and numerical model experiment which incorporates time‐averaged plant posture, collected through terrestrial laser scanning, into a computational fluid dynamics model to predict flow around a submerged riparian plant. For three depth‐limited flow conditions (Reynolds number = 65,000–110,000), plant dynamics were recorded through high‐definition video imagery, and the numerical model was validated against flow velocities collected with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. The plant morphology shows an 18% reduction in plant height and a 14% increase in plant length, compressing and reducing the volumetric canopy morphology as the Reynolds number increases. Plant shear layer turbulence is dominated by Kelvin‐Helmholtz type vortices generated through shear instability, the frequency of which is estimated to be between 0.20 and 0.30 Hz, increasing with Reynolds number. These results demonstrate the significant effect that the complex morphology of natural plants has on in‐stream drag, and allow a physically determined, species‐dependent drag coefficient to be calculated. Given the importance of vegetation in river corridor management, the approach developed here demonstrates the necessity to account for plant motion when calculating vegetative resistance.
Skill of ship‐following large‐eddy simulations in reproducing MAGIC observations across the northeast Pacific stratocumulus to cumulus transition region
Authors: McGibbon J. , Bretherton C. S.
Published: March 2017

During the Marine ARM GPCI Investigation of Clouds (MAGIC) in October 2011 to September 2012, a container ship making periodic cruises between Los Angeles, CA, and Honolulu, HI, was instrumented with surface meteorological, aerosol and radiation instruments, a cloud radar and ceilometer, and radiosondes. Here large‐eddy simulation (LES) is performed in a ship‐following frame of reference for 13 four day transects from the MAGIC field campaign. The goal is to assess if LES can skillfully simulate the broad range of observed cloud characteristics and boundary layer structure across the subtropical stratocumulus to cumulus transition region sampled during different seasons and meteorological conditions. Results from Leg 15A, which sampled a particularly well‐defined stratocumulus to cumulus transition, demonstrate the approach. The LES reproduces the observed timing of decoupling and transition from stratocumulus to cumulus and matches the observed evolution of boundary layer structure, cloud fraction, liquid water path, and precipitation statistics remarkably well. Considering the simulations of all 13 cruises, the LES skillfully simulates the mean diurnal variation of key measured quantities, including liquid water path (LWP), cloud fraction, measures of decoupling, and cloud radar‐derived precipitation. The daily mean quantities are well represented, and daily mean LWP and cloud fraction show the expected correlation with estimated inversion strength. There is a −0.6 K low bias in LES near‐surface air temperature that results in a high bias of 5.6 W m−2 in sensible heat flux (SHF). Overall, these results build confidence in the ability of LES to represent the northeast Pacific stratocumulus to trade cumulus transition region.
Engineering a Cell Home for Stem Cell Homing and Accommodation
Authors: Wu Rui‐Xin , Yin Yuan , He Xiao‐Tao , Li Xuan , Chen Fa‐Ming
Published: March 2017

Distilling complexity to advance regenerative medicine from laboratory animals to humans, in situ regeneration will continue to evolve using biomaterial strategies to drive endogenous cells within the human body for therapeutic purposes; this approach avoids the need for delivering ex vivo‐expanded cellular materials. Ensuring the recruitment of a significant number of reparative cells from an endogenous source to the site of interest is the first step toward achieving success. Subsequently, making the “cell home” cell‐friendly by recapitulating the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) in terms of its chemistry, structure, dynamics, and function, and targeting specific aspects of the native stem cell niche (e.g., cell–ECM and cell–cell interactions) to program and steer the fates of those recruited stem cells play equally crucial roles in yielding a therapeutically regenerative solution. This review addresses the key aspects of material‐guided cell homing and the engineering of novel biomaterials with desirable ECM composition, surface topography, biochemistry, and mechanical properties that can present both biochemical and physical cues required for in situ tissue regeneration. This growing body of knowledge will likely become a design basis for the development of regenerative biomaterials for, but not limited to, future in situ tissue engineering and regeneration.
Predicting phase behavior in aqueous systems without fitting binary parameters I: CP‐PC‐SAFT EOS, aromatic compounds
Authors: Polishuk Ilya , Sidik Yulia , NguyenHuynh Dong
Published: March 2017

This study examines an accuracy of CP‐PC‐SAFT attached by the 4C cross‐association scheme and zero values of binary parameters in predicting the high temperature‐high pressure phase behavior in aqueous systems of aromatic compounds containing one and two benzoic rings, CO2 and cis‐decalin. In spite of the noteworthy complexity of these systems and the entirely predictive nature of the current approach, it correctly predicts the topology of phase behavior and typically yields the quantitatively accurate estimations of critical loci and the hydrocarbon–rich liquid phases in wide range of conditions. The available single phase volumetric data are also predicted accurately. Unfortunately, it is not a case of the water–rich phases exhibiting very small hydrocarbon concentrations. Nevertheless, the model is still capable of capturing the solubility minima characteristic for these phases around the room temperature. Predictions of the recent version of Simplified PC‐SAFT proposed by Liang et al. (2014) are also discussed. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 4124–4135, 2017
Brick by brick computation of the gibbs free energy of reaction in solution using quantum chemistry and COSMO‐RS
Authors: Hellweg Arnim , Eckert Frank
Published: March 2017

The computational modeling of reactions is simple in theory but can be quite tricky in practice. This article aims at the purpose of providing an assistance to a proper way of describing reactions theoretically and provides rough guidelines to the computational methods involved. Reactions in liquid phase chemical equilibrium can be described theoretically in terms of the Gibbs free energy of reaction. This property can be divided into a sum of three disjunct terms, namely the gas phase reaction energy, the finite temperature contribution to the Gibbs free energy, and the Gibbs free energy of solvation. The three contributions to the Gibbs free energy of reaction can be computed separately, using different theoretico‐chemical calculation methods. While some of these terms can be obtained reliably by computationally cheap methods, for others a high level of theory is required to obtain predictions of quantitative quality. To propose workflows which can strike the balance between accuracy and computational cost, a number of benchmarks assessing the precision of different levels of theory is given. As an illustrative example, the low‐temperature hydrogenation reaction of acetaldehyde to ethanol in solvent toluene is shown. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 3944–3954, 2017
Two patients with the heterozygous R189H mutation in ACTA2 and Complex congenital heart defects expands the cardiac phenotype of multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome
Authors: Logeswaran Thushiha , Friedburg Christoph , Hofmann Karoline , Akintuerk Hakan , Biskup Saskia , Graef Michael , Rad Ali , Weber Axel , Neubauer Bernd A. , Schranz Dietmar , Bouvagnet Patrice , Lorenz Birgit , Hahn Andreas
Published: March 2017

De novo heterozygous mutations changing R179 to histidine, leucine, or cysteine in the ACTA2 gene are associated with Multisystemic Smooth Muscle Dysfunction Syndrome (MSMDS). Characteristic hallmarks of this condition, caused only by these specific ACTA2 mutations, are congenital mydriasis (mid‐dilated, non‐reactive pupils), a large persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA), aortic aneurysms evolving during childhood, and cerebrovascular anomalies. We describe two patients, a 3‐day‐old newborn and a 26‐year‐old woman, with this unique mutation in association with a huge PDA and an aorto‐pulmonary window. In addition, one showed a coarctation of the aortic arch and the other a complete interruption of the aortic arch type A; thereby expanding the spectrum of cardiac congenital heart defect of this syndrome. Each patient displayed a huge PDA and an extra‐cardiovascular phenotype consistent with MSMDS. These observations exemplify that a functional alpha 2 smooth muscle actin is necessary for proper cardiovascular organ development, and demonstrate that a very exceptional congenital heart defect (aortopulmonary window) can be caused by a mutation in a gene encoding a contractile protein of vascular smooth muscle cells. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.