bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary extracellular vesicles define putative diagnostic biosignatures for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Hadisurya Marco , Li Li , Kuwaranancharoen Kananart , Wu Xiaofeng , Lee Zheng-Chi , Alcalay Roy N. , Padmanabhan Shalini , Tao W. Andy , Iliuk Anton
Published: May 2023

Background

Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene have been recognized as genetic risk factors for Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, compared to cancer, fewer genetic mutations contribute to the cause of PD, propelling the search for protein biomarkers for early detection of the disease.

Methods

Utilizing 138 urine samples from four groups, healthy individuals (control), healthy individuals with G2019S mutation in the LRRK2 gene (non-manifesting carrier/NMC), PD individuals without G2019S mutation (idiopathic PD/iPD), and PD individuals with G2019S mutation (LRRK2 PD), we applied a proteomics strategy to determine potential diagnostic biomarkers for PD from urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Results

After efficient isolation of urinary EVs through chemical affinity followed by mass spectrometric analyses of EV peptides and enriched phosphopeptides, we identify and quantify 4476 unique proteins and 2680 unique phosphoproteins. We detect multiple proteins and phosphoproteins elevated in PD EVs that are known to be involved in important PD pathways, in particular the autophagy pathway, as well as neuronal cell death, neuroinflammation, and formation of amyloid fibrils. We establish a panel of proteins and phosphoproteins as novel candidates for disease biomarkers and substantiate the biomarkers using machine learning, ROC, clinical correlation, and in-depth network analysis. Several putative disease biomarkers are further partially validated in patients with PD using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) and immunoassay for targeted quantitation.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate a general strategy of utilizing biofluid EV proteome/phosphoproteome as an outstanding and non-invasive source for a wide range of disease exploration.
Industrial Applications of Activated Carbon
Authors: Sajid Muhammad
Published: May 2023

This chapter deals with the major applications of activated carbon (AC). AC applications range from laboratory-scale experiments to industrial-level applications because AC has exceptional adsorption capacity, high porosity, larger internal surface area, ease of modification, and recovery and reuse potential. Its purification and separation applications are economical and environmentally benign due to its structural superiority. AC has various adsorption, purification, and catalytic applications including food processing, pharmaceuticals, beverages, metal recovery, and environmental appliances. It has been used for the removal of colouring and odorous compounds during water purification of municipal supplies for underground and recycled water. Furthermore, the removal of toxic gases from flue gases, recovery of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), removal of siloxane from engine exhaust gases, capture of landfill emitted gases, treatment of industrial wastewater, and recovery of precious metals are some typical industrial applications with high AC consumption. Mostly, for industrial applications, granular or structured AC is preferred over powdered AC. ACs in the form of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), and graphene have a high surface area and thus are excellent choices for use as the base materials for catalyst preparation.
Analytical Applications of Activated Carbon
Authors: Shafi S. , Zafar S. , Rasheed T.
Published: May 2023

Activated carbon (AC) is a high-quality, low-cost material that can be used in a variety of analytical/environmental applications. Several precursors such as coconut shells, lignite, fly ash, coal, rose husk, and petroleum pitch have been cited as sources of AC. Hence, special consideration must be given to the final microstructure, precursor characteristics, and properties of AC. Several carbon-based nanomaterials have been employed for that purpose but AC in particular exhibits promising trends in analytical modalities for the remediation of environmental pollutants, including heavy metals, dyes, antibiotics, and volatile organic compounds, and gas storage. In this chapter, the impact of the aforementioned contaminants and their remediation by using AC have been focused on.
Fuel Storage Application of Activated Carbon
Authors: Okoye Patrick U. , Mondragon Cesaer Giovanni , Okolie Jude A.
Published: May 2023

Activated carbon has served various purposes over the years, as a catalyst, a support, and an adsorbent for the removal of pollutants, and currently, it is used as a functional material for energy storage. This is because of its high surface area, low density, tunable porosity, surface functional groups, and conductivity. Herein, we present another important application of activated carbon in fuel storage. The state-of-the-art intricacies and challenges in the development and control of the surface, morphology and porosity of activated carbon are elucidated in this chapter. Also, the renewed interest in the development of activated carbon, matched by intensive research investigations into its application as a storage material for hydrogen, propane, natural gas, and n-butane fuels, is discussed. The mechanisms of activated carbon fuel storage at ambient and cryogenic temperature and in electrochemical processes are investigated. It is hoped that this study will show that activated carbon from abundant biomasses remains a competitive porous material to achieve the transition from the concept of various technologies of environmental protection to a unified energy restoration industry.
Curcumin inhibits liquid–liquid phase separation of fused in sarcoma and attenuates the sequestration of pyruvate kinase to restore cellular metabolism
Authors: Shi Wen-Pu , Lin Wen-Juan , Ge Wan-Yi , Chen Liang-Liang , Zhang Tuo-Di , Guo Wei-Hong , Liu Jian-Li , Yin Da-Chuan
Published: May 2023

The abnormal accumulation of fused in sarcoma (FUS) is a pathological hallmark in a proportion of patients with frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Sequence controlled secondary structure is important for the site-selectivity of lanthipeptide cyclization
Authors: Mi Xuenan , Desormeaux Emily K. , Le Tung T. , van der Donk Wilfred A. , Shukla Diwakar
Published: May 2023

We utilize molecular dynamic simulation to demonstrate that the substrate core peptide sequence plays an important role in controlling the site-selectivity of lanthipeptides.
Chromic triboluminescence of self-assembled platinum(ii) complexes
Authors: Sasaki Kono , Saito Daisuke , Yoshida Masaki , Tanaka Fuka , Kobayashi Atsushi , Sada Kazuki , Kato Masako
Published: May 2023

A Pt(ii) complex bearing N-heterocyclic carbene exhibits chromic triboluminescence during the process of rubbing and also vapor exposure.
From bulk metals to single-atoms: design of efficient catalysts for the electroreduction of CO2
Authors: Jia Chen , Sun Qian , Zhao Chuan
Published: May 2023

The development of efficient electrocatalysts with an advantageous local environment is crucial for the electroreduction of CO2.
Distinct seed topologies enable comparison of elongation and secondary nucleation pathways in seeded supramolecular polymerization
Authors: Itabashi Hiroki , Tashiro Keigo , Koshikawa Shumpei , Datta Sougata , Yagai Shiki
Published: May 2023

Toroidal and helicoidal supramolecular polymers allow us to observe distinct kinetics of secondary nucleation on the aggregate surface and elongation from the facet of aggregate termini on seeded supramolecular polymerization.
High-performance reduced graphene oxide supercapacitors enabled by simple amino hydroquinone dimethylether
Authors: Luo Yang , Lin Haihui , Chu Yuxiao , Wang Jian , Liu Naxing , Dong Lei , Zhao Fu-Gang , Chen Yuegang , Shen Yongmiao
Published: May 2023

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) supercapacitors usually feature poor capacitive characteristics.
Mechanistic insight into the Dehalococcoides-mediated reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls
Authors: Zhang Shangwei , Ouyang Wei , Xia Xinghui , Wen Wu , Adrian Lorenz , Schüürmann Gerrit
Published: May 2023

Microbial reductive dechlorination provides a green and highly desirable approach to address the pollution raised by the substantial legacies of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil, sediment, and underground water.
A ductile and strong-affinity network binder coupling inorganic oligomers and biopolymers for high-loading lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Hou Mingxiu , Liu Jie , Yu Fengli , Wang Lei
Published: May 2023

A 3D network binder is induced successfully using inorganic oligomers for Li–S batteries, and it has strong stretchability and adsorption properties to stabilize the electrode and inhibit the shuttle effect.
Reaction of a nitrosyl complex of Mn(ii)–porphyrinate with superoxide: NOD activity is favoured over SOD activity
Authors: Mazumdar Rakesh , Saha Shankhadeep , Samanta Bapan , Ghosh Riya , Maity Sayani , Mondal Biplab
Published: May 2023

A {Mn(NO)}6 complex, [Mn(TMPP2−)(NO)], upon reaction with 2 equivalents of O2− in THF affords [MnIII(OH)] complex via a putative MnIII–peroxynitrite intermediate. Detailed studies have shown the preference of NOD activity over SOD-like activity.
Structural and conformational analysis of a biaryl phosphine integrating a calix[4]arene cavity. Can the phosphorus atom behave as an introverted donor?
Authors: Gourlaouen Christophe , Elaieb Fethi , Brenner Eric , Matt Dominique , Harrowfield Jack , Ricard Louis
Published: May 2023

Conformational analysis of a calix[4]arene-based biaryl phosphine revealed how the presence of the cavity-shaped calixarene core may profoundly alter the steric properties of the ligand.
Solid-phase rapid synthesis of hierarchical UiO-type metal–organic frameworks as excellent solid acid catalysts for acetalization of benzaldehyde with alcohol
Authors: Ye Gan , Wan Lulu , Zhou Jun , Wu Lei , Zhang Qiuli
Published: May 2023

A UiO-type metal–organic framework with hierarchical porosity and plentiful terminal OH/OH2 sites (capping 35% Zr coordination sites) was synthesized within 40 min by a solid-phase synthesis route without the use of solvent and template.
Molecularly engineered linear organic carbonates as practically viable nonflammable electrolytes for safe Li-ion batteries
Authors: Lee Jina , Jeon A-Re , Lee Hye Jin , Shin Ukseon , Yoo Yiseul , Lim Hee-Dae , Han Cheolhee , Lee Hochun , Kim Yong Jin , Baek Jayeon , Seo Dong-Hwa , Lee Minah
Published: May 2023

Concurrent modification of linear carbonates combining alkyl-chain extension and alkoxy substitution enables thermally stable high-performance batteries by decreasing volatility and increasing solvation ability simultaneously.
Furfural electrovalorisation using single-atom molecular catalysts
Authors: Mukadam Zamaan , Liu Sihang , Pedersen Angus , Barrio Jesús , Fearn Sarah , Sarma Saurav Ch. , Titirici Maria-Magdalena , Scott Soren B. , Stephens Ifan E. L. , Chan Karen , Mezzavilla Stefano
Published: May 2023

The selective electrovalorisation of furfural towards drop-in fuel precursors on single-atom molecular catalysts at ambient conditions via a possible radical coupling pathway.
Coupling electrocatalytic cathodic nitrate reduction with anodic formaldehyde oxidation at ultra-low potential over Cu2O
Authors: Xiao Lei , Dai Weidong , Mou Shiyong , Wang Xiaoyan , Cheng Qin , Dong Fan
Published: May 2023

An HCHO oxidation reaction for electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis was developed to replace the sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction involving electrocatalytic oxidative dehydrogenation and tandem reaction pathways.
Closed-loop utilization of polyester in the textile industry
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Sun Haiyu , Kong Weiqing , Chen Long , Zuo Weiwei
Published: May 2023

An efficient decolorization strategy for waste polyester textiles and a new purification strategy for the glycolysis product were developed and combined to enable the repeatable use of polyester in the textile industry.
Tunable construction of CuS nanosheets@flower-like ZnCo-layered double hydroxide nanostructures for hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Mohammadi Zardkhoshoui Akbar , Arian Ramtin , Hosseiny Davarani Saied Saeed
Published: May 2023

CuS nanosheets@ZnCo-LDH nanoflower nanostructures are synthesized for hybrid supercapacitors.
Chemical characterization of automobile windshield glass samples by nuclear and radio-analytical techniques namely SEM-EDX, ED-XRF, PIXE, PIGE, and INAA and potential of external (in air) PIGE and INAA in conjunction with chemometrics for glass forensics
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Acharya Raghunath , Sarkar Arnab , Bagla Hemlata K. , Pujari Pradeep Kumar
Published: May 2023

Glass forensics utilizing major elements from external PIGE and trace elements from INAA in conjunction with principal component analysis.
Bioinspired humidity-responsive liquid crystalline materials: from adaptive soft actuators to visualized sensors and detectors
Authors: Lan Ruochen , Shen Wenbo , Yao Wenhuan , Chen Jingyu , Chen Xinyu , Yang Huai
Published: May 2023

This review provides a comprehensive summary of humidity-responsive liquid crystalline systems, ranging from the humidity-responsive mechanism and preparation of humidity-responsive systems to the application of the emerging materials.
One-step synthesis of N, B-doped carbon dots and their multifunctional applications in the detection of tin ions and gallic acid and information encryption
Authors: Wang Xiaopeng , Zeng Jianping , Xie Shixin , Tao Liangliang , Sun Xiangying
Published: May 2023

In this study, simple and rapid preparation of multi-functional carbon dots, which are employed for the detection of tin ions and GA and information encryption.
Controlling product selectivity in hybrid gas/liquid reactors using gas conditions, voltage, and temperature
Authors: Lee Seung-Hoon , Iglesias Brandon , Everitt Henry O. , Liu Jie
Published: May 2023

In a hybrid gas/liquid phase reactor, C1/C2 product selectivity is determined by externally controlled conditions: humidity, voltage, and temperature.
Biomineralization of magnetic nanoparticles in stem cells
Authors: Fromain Alexandre , Van de Walle Aurore , Curé Guilhem , Péchoux Christine , Serrano Aida , Lalatonne Yoann , Espinosa Ana , Wilhelm Claire
Published: May 2023

Stem cell incubation was performed with ferric quinate for 36 days.
Understanding and controlling the depth sensitivity of scanning probe based infrared imaging and nanospectroscopy for buried polymeric structures
Authors: Prine Nathaniel , Cardinal Camille , Gu Xiaodan
Published: May 2023

Atomic force microscopy paired with infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) is a robust technique for investigating complex polymer blends and composites’ nanoscale surface topography and chemical composition.
To which sites were thiols added? Insight into the thiol–yne click-based post-synthetic modification of conjugated microporous polymers
Authors: Jang June Young , Kim Gye Hong , Ko Yoon-Joo , Ko Kyoung Chul , Son Seung Uk
Published: May 2023

We suggest that 1,3-diynes are main reaction sites in the thiol–yne click-based main chain post-synthetic modification of conjugated microporous polymers.
Phosphorus doped hierarchical porous carbon: an efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalyst for on-site H2O2 production
Authors: Liu Lizhi , Yan Chenglu , Luo Xuanyan , Li Caixia , Zhang Di , Peng Huaqiao , Wang Huiyong , Zheng Baozhan , Guo Yong
Published: May 2023

Developed P-doped macro/meso/micro-porous carbon exhibits outstanding electrocatalytic performance in reducing O2 to on-site produce H2O2 for disinfection and wastewater treatment.
Ru/La2S3 nanorods as an electrocatalyst for efficient N2 fixation under ambient conditions
Authors: Yingshu Wang , Hong Wang , Yixin Tang , Yu Shu , Suying Zhao , Lu Hong , Zhenqi Xu
Published: May 2023

Electrochemical ammonia synthesis has advantages over the conventional Haber–Bosch process in terms of environment friendliness, sustainability, and cleanliness.
A review of past promises, present realities and a vibrant future for wound dressing from naturally occurring to sustainable materials
Authors: H. Supriya , Tripathi Sandeep , Bose Suryasarathi
Published: May 2023

In the contemporary world, evolution of the scientific field has reached an elevation but has its own intricacies.
Recent advances in radical polymerization of bio-based monomers in aqueous dispersed media
Authors: Rigo Elena , Ladmiral Vincent , Caillol Sylvain , Lacroix-Desmazes Patrick
Published: May 2023

Vegetable oils and lipids, terpenes, lignin derivatives, carbohydrates, and proteins are used as biomass feedstock to prepare new bio-based monomers for radical polymerization in aqueous dispersed media, producing bio-based latexes.
Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane–water complex doped Spiro-TTB for high-efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhang Luyan , Sheng Jiang , Yang Weichuang , Xue Xiangying , Sha Xuan , Sun Jingsong , Shou Chunhui , Cao Fangfang , Zhang Ningjun , Xiao Chuanxiao , Yang Xi , Ye Jichun
Published: May 2023

An Brønsted acid of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane–H2O complexes as a p-type dopant is used for doping Spiro-TTB, with a high hole mobility (1.22 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1), so that the device presents high photovoltaic efficiency and stable operation.
Highly efficient removal of Cs+from water by an ionic lamellar carbon nitride framework
Authors: Yang Zhenchun , Guo Bixiao , Hu Zhenyu , Cui Jiahao , Cui Jianguo , Li Lina , Hu Chun , Zhao Yubao
Published: May 2023

137Cs+is strongly radioactive, and is thus a highly hazardous pollutant. An anionic lamellar carbon nitride framework (CN–Na) exhibits remarkable performance in selective removal of Cs+in waterviaan ion-exchange mechanism.
Recent progress in functional two-dimensional photovoltaic photodetectors and related emerging applications
Authors: Li Xiang , Wang Xiaoting , Ma Yang , Deng Wenjie , Wu Yi , Li Jingtao , Li Kexin , Zhang Yongzhe
Published: May 2023

The photovoltaic effect can directly harvest solar energy by converting optical signals into current without external bias, and thus is a practical and sustainable approach for low-power, high-linearity, and gate-switchable optoelectronic devices.
Impact of hydrogel microstructure and mechanics on the growth of zinc dendrites towards long-life flexible batteries
Authors: Yang Yang , Lyu Huanlin , Wang Qiuhong , Mushtaq Faheem , Xie Xian , Liu Fei , Bo Xiangkun , Li Weilu , Daoud Walid A.
Published: May 2023

Low-porosity electrolytes inhibit dendrite growth but have short-term cycling stability. Therefore, a hydrogel electrolyte that balances mechanical strength and recovery inhibits dendrite growth efficiently and has long-term cycling stability.
Correction: Promoting nitrate electroreduction to ammonia over A-site deficient cobalt-based perovskite oxides
Authors: Liu Fulong , Zhang Zhenbao , Shi Lei , Zhang Yu , Qiu Xiaoyu , Dong Yuming , Jiang Heqing , Zhu Yongfa , Zhu Jiawei
Published: May 2023

Correction for ‘Promoting nitrate electroreduction to ammonia over A-site deficient cobalt-based perovskite oxides’ by Fulong Liu et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TA01063E.
Active microfluidic reactor-assisted controlled synthesis of nanoparticles and related potential biomedical applications
Authors: Kamat Vivek , Dey Preyojon , Bodas Dhananjay , Kaushik Ajeet , Boymelgreen Alicia , Bhansali Shekhar
Published: May 2023

Fabricating high-performance nanoparticles (NPs) is currently a focus of researchers due to their manipulative size-dependent unique properties required to develop next-generation advanced systems.
A computational study of the influence of nanoparticle shape on clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Li Ye , Zhang Man , Zhang Yezhuo , Niu Xinhui , Liu Zhendan , Yue Tongtao , Zhang Wen
Published: May 2023

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is shape sensitive for nanoparticles.
Polyphenol-assisted albumin-based biomineralization nanocarriers with NIR-II-targeted photothermal performance towards broad-spectrum radical scavenging
Authors: Zhao Yaqi , Wang Jiahao , Chen Shengqiu , Wei Zhiwei , Xie Yi , Zhao Changsheng
Published: May 2023

The TA-BSA@CuS with CuO doped heterostructure prepared by simulating biomineralization, which has good photothermal properties and biocompatibility, while NIR-II irradiation can enhance the free radical scavenging ability and antibacterial properties of TA-BSA@CuS.
“Synergistic effect” based novel and ultrasensitive approach for the detection of serotonin using DEM-modulated bimetallic nanosheets
Authors: Dabur Deepak , Sharma Nallin , Wu Hui-Fen
Published: May 2023

Neurotransmitters have been of immense scientific interest due to their importance as human-health biomarkers.
Glucose-sensitive poly(ether sulfone) composite membranes blended with phenylboronic acid-based amphiphilic block copolymer for self-regulated insulin release
Authors: Liu Jing , Gao Sijia , Luo Ying , Zhang Chunpeng , Zhang Pengliang , Wang Zilin , Zou Lei , Zhao Zhuo , Zhang Yongjun
Published: May 2023

Schematic diagram of glucose-sensitive membrane with phenylboronic acid-based contraction-type block copolymer as chemical valves.
Contrasting analog and digital resistive switching memory characteristics in solution-processed copper(i) thiocyanate and its polymer electrolyte-based memristive devices
Authors: Deb Rajesh , Nair Manjula G. , Das Ujjal , Mohapatra Saumya R.
Published: May 2023

Analog and digital resistive switching characteristics of ITO/CuSCN/Cu and ITO/Cu-SPE/Cu memristive devices.
Rational design and synthesis of scintillating lanthanide coordination polymers for highly efficient X-ray imaging
Authors: Liu Xiangmei , Wang Shi , Xie Wangwang , Ni Jingfei , Xiao Kang , Liu Shujuan , Lv Wen , Zhao Qiang
Published: May 2023

Rational design the energy bridge of organic ligands in scintillating lanthanide coordination polymers improved conversion efficiency to enhance characteristic emission of lanthanide cations, achieving high efficient X-ray imaging.
Hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions on single atom catalysts stabilized by a covalent organic framework
Authors: Barlocco Ilaria , Di Liberto Giovanni , Pacchioni Gianfranco
Published: May 2023

Catalytic activity for HER and OER of SAC made by TM atoms embedded in COF were investigated. They often form stable unconventional intermediates, and these species can be more stable than classical HER and OER adducts.
Detecting smart meter false data attacks using hierarchical feature clustering and incentive weighted anomaly detection
Authors: Higgins Martin , Stephen Bruce , Wallom David
Published: May 2023

Spot pricing is often suggested as a method of increasing demand‐side flexibility in electrical power load. However, few works have considered the vulnerability of spot pricing to financial fraud via false data injection (FDI) style attacks. The authors consider attacks which aim to alter the consumer load profile to exploit intraday price dips. The authors examine an anomaly detection protocol for cyber‐attacks that seek to leverage spot prices for financial gain. In this way the authors outline a methodology for detecting attacks on industrial load smart meters. The authors first create a feature clustering model of the underlying business, segregated by business type. The authors then use these clusters to create an incentive‐weighted anomaly detection protocol for false data attacks against load profiles. This clustering‐based methodology incorporates both the load profile and spot pricing considerations for the detection of injected load profiles. To reduce false positives, the authors model incentive‐based detection, which includes knowledge of spot prices, into the anomaly tracking, enabling the methodology to account for changes in the load profile which are unlikely to be attacks.
Attack‐resilient event‐triggered distributed control strategy of microgrid based on multi‐objective optimization
Authors: Liu Jinglu , Wang Chen , Liu Jingshu , Xie Pengfei
Published: May 2023

As an important form of renewable energy utilization, microgrid (MG) is considered to be the main bearing form of distributed generation in the future. One of the most concerning issues in the operation of MG is how to realize its economic dispatch (ED). Nowadays, distributed algorithms have been increasingly used to solve the economic dispatch problem of MG. However, the MG based on the distributed optimization architecture must bear higher cyber‐attack risks. To address this issue, this paper investigates the distributed robust ED problem of MG. Firstly, a multi‐objective dispatch model of MG using a linear weighted sum (LWS) algorithm is developed, which considers the environmental and economic costs. On this basis, an event‐triggered fully distributed algorithm is proposed, which can effectively reduce communication times. Furthermore, an attack resilient strategy against false data injection (FDI) attacks is implemented in the proposed fully distributed algorithm, which has strong robustness against various colluding attacks and non‐colluding attacks, and can eliminate incorrect measurement of incremental cost and power generation data. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed distributed control strategy is demonstrated through case studies in this paper.
Adaptive model predictive control for grid‐forming converters to achieve smooth transition from islanded to grid‐connected mode
Authors: Meng Jianhui , Zhang Zhiyi , Zhang Gengmin , Ye Tairan , Zhao Pengfei , Wang Yi , Yang Jian , Yu Jie
Published: May 2023

One of the main capabilities of grid‐forming converters is the ability to operate in both islanded and grid‐connected modes. The grid‐forming converters work autonomously and behave as an AC voltage source when they are isolated from the bulk power system. In a grid‐connected mode, it is necessary for them to offer a set of grid‐forming capabilities for enhancing system inertia and strength. A grid‐forming converter may experience significant fluctuations in voltage, current, and frequency when the transition occurs. This paper investigates an improved adaptive model predictive control (AMPC) method for grid‐forming converters to achieve a smooth transition from islanded to grid‐connected mode and balance the contradiction between frequency stability and response speed. The AMPC method uses the angular frequency and phase angle as the performance indicators and introduces the angular frequency variations to adaptively adjust its weight coefficient in the objective function. The implementations and effects of the proposed AMPC method on the grid‐forming converter are theoretically evaluated. Compared to the conventional control, the proposed control scheme can not only suppress voltage, current, and frequency fluctuations, but also achieve a smooth transition. Additionally, the frequency control strategy in the islanded mode is improved for better independent operation. Finally, experiment tests on a controller‐level hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulation platform are carried out to validate the proposed control strategy for achieving a smooth transition.
A structure preserving hybrid finite volume scheme for semiconductor models with magnetic field on general meshes
Authors: Moatti Julien
Published: May 2023

We are interested in the discretisation of a drift–diffusion system in the framework of hybrid finite volume (HFV) methods on general polygonal/polyhedral meshes. The system under study is composed of two anisotropic and nonlinear convection–diffusion equations with nonsymmetric tensors, coupled with a Poisson equation and describes in particular semiconductor devices immersed in a magnetic field. We introduce a new scheme based on an entropy-dissipation relation and prove that the scheme admits solutions with values in admissible sets – especially, the computed densities remain positive. Moreover, we show that the discrete solutions to the scheme converge exponentially fast in time towards the associated discrete thermal equilibrium. Several numerical tests confirm our theoretical results. Up to our knowledge, this scheme is the first one able to discretise anisotropic drift–diffusion systems while preserving the bounds on the densities.
Hypophosphatasie im Kindesalter
Authors: Hofmann Christine , Benoit Clemens , Girschick Hermann
Published: May 2023

Die Hypophosphatasie (HPP) ist eine seltene genetische Erkrankung, welche infolge einer verminderten Alkalischen Phosphatase-Aktivität zu Problemen an Knochen, Muskeln, Zähnen, aber auch zahlreichen weiteren Organsystemen führen kann. Letztlich handelt es sich um eine metabolische Multisystemerkrankung mit sehr variablem klinischem Phänotyp bzw. Schweregrad, die alle Altersgruppen betreffen kann und zu einer signifikanten Mortalität und Morbidität bei den betroffenen Familien führt. Die klinische Verdachtsdiagnose kann durch laborchemische Untersuchungen (insbesondere die Bestimmung der AP-Aktivität), bildgebende Maßnahmen und eine humangenetische Testung erhärtet werden. Eine Anbindung betroffener Familien an ein erfahrenes Zentrum mit multidisziplinärer Betreuung erscheint sinnvoll. Die Enzymersatztherapie mit Asfotase alfa stellt eine zugelassene effektive und gut verträgliche Therapie zur Behandlung des „Knochenphänotyps“ dar. Langzeitdaten zu Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit sollen im Rahmen eines internationalen Registers erfasst werden.
Bromamine-T (TsNBrNa): A Biologically Significant, Versatile Bromo-Organic Reagent
Authors: Phukan Prodeep , Kashyap Sauvik
Published: May 2023

Bromamine-T (BAT) is a notable member of a special class of compounds called organic haloamines, which are oxidising agents. It can act as the source of halonium ions, hypohalite species, and N-anions, whilst also displaying basic and nucleophilic properties. Bromamine-T finds wide application as an efficient reagent for various organic transformations, such as aminobromination, amination, oxidation, and others. It can be used under mild conditions and has low toxicity. Moreover, due to its immense biological significance, this reagent is piquing the interest of many researchers.

1 Introduction

1.1 The Sodium Salt of N-Bromo-p-toluenesulfonamide (Bromamine-T or TsNBrNa): Reagent Overview

1.2 Physical Properties of Bromamine-T

1.3 Preparation and Characterisation of Bromamine-T

2 Biological Significance of Bromamine-T

3 Organic Transformations Using Bromamine-T

3.1 Aminobromination

3.2 Amination

3.3 Aminohydroxylation

3.4 Aziridination

3.5 Bromination

3.6 Oxidation: Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies

4 Conclusion
Positional Differences in Muscle-to-bone Ratio in National Football
League Players
Authors: Dengel Donald R , Evanoff Nicholas G
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the present study was to examine the muscle-to-bone ratio (MBR) in
National Football League (NFL) players. Three hundred and forty-six NFL players
had their total body lean, fat and bone masses determined using dual X-ray
absorptiometry and were compared to 228 age-matched, healthy male controls.
Compared to the control group, NFL players had a significantly lower percent
total body fat (17.90±6.92 vs. 22.93±8.96%,
p=0.053), but significantly greater total fat mass (19.76±11.29
vs. 17.84±12.11 kg, p<0.0001), lean mass
(84.55±8.75 vs. 55.3±11.79 kg, p<0.0001), bone
mineral content (4.58±0.45 vs. 2.91±0.67 kg,
p<0.0001), and bone mineral density (1.61±0.11 vs.
1.26±0.21 g/cm2, p<0.0001). NFL
players had greater arm MBR (17.70±1.47 vs. 16.48±1.88,
p<0.0001) than controls; however, both trunk (26.62±2.55 vs.
31.56±4.19, p<0.0001) and total (18.50±1.31 vs.
19.12±1.88, p<0.001) MBR were lower in NFL players. Leg MBR was
not significantly different between NFL players and controls (16.72±1.53
vs. 16.85±1.87, p=0.34). When NFL players were categorized by
their offensive or defensive position for comparison, no differences in total
MBR were observed. However, leg MBR varied greatly among NFL players by
position. It is possible that regional differences in MBR in the NFL players may
be related to the demands of that position.
Lyonensinols A – C, 24-Norursane-Type Triterpenoids from the Twigs and Leaves of Lyonia doyonensis and Their Potential Anti-inflammatory and PTP1B Inhibitory
Activities
Authors: Zhang Ming-Zhu , Jiang Meng-Yuan , Kong Ling-Ping , Liu Cai-Ying , Kang Huai-Xin , Liu Ai-Hong , Wang Bin , Mao Shui-Chun
Published: May 2023

Lyonia doyonensis is a deciduous shrub native to high-altitude regions of Asia. So far, there is no report on any chemical and biological properties of L. doyonensis. An EtOH
extract of L. doyonensis twigs and leaves showed inhibitory activities on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in BV-2 microglial cells. A
phytochemical investigation of this extract led to the isolation of a, so far only ambiguously described, 24-norursane-type triterpenoid, now named lyonensinol A (1), along with its
two new derivatives, lyonensinols B and C (2 and 3), and six known triterpenoids (4 – 9). Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of spectroscopic data. A
combination of chemical conversions, electronic circular dichroism, and Mo2(OAc)4-induced electronic circular dichroism was used to confirm their absolute
configurations. Lyonensinols B (2) and C (3) represent the first examples of norursane-type triterpenoids acylated with a p-coumaroyl moiety. The potential
anti-inflammatory and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activities of all the isolates were evaluated. Compounds 3, 7, and 8 at 10 µM showed potent inhibitory
activities on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in BV-2 microglial cells, with nitric oxide levels decreasing to 31.5, 41.9, and 27.1%, respectively, while compounds 3,
4, 7, and 8 exhibited notable inhibitory activities against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, with IC50 values ranging from 1.7 to 18.2 µM. Interestingly, compounds
3 and 8, bearing a C-3 trans-p-coumaroyl group, showed not only more potent anti-inflammatory effects, but also exhibited stronger protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
inhibition than their respective stereoisomers (2 and 7) with a cis-p-coumaroyl group.
Preparation of N- and C-Functionally-Substituted Glutarimides: A Review
Authors: Trukhanova Yulia A. , Chernov Nikita M. , Kuvaeva Elena V. , Yakovlev Igor P.
Published: May 2023

Six-membered heterocyclic systems such as glutarimides are widely used in medicinal chemistry. The glutarimide skeleton is found in many commercially available pharmaceuticals due to a wide range of bioactivity. The preparation of C,N-highly functionalized glutarimides is an important topic in modern organic synthesis, since it reveals the ability to build a more complex system and thus expands the range of various drugs. This review describes approaches to the synthesis of N- and C-functionally-substituted glutarimides presented in the literature from 2005 to 2022. Options for the enantioselective synthesis of spiroglutarimides, the use of organocatalysis in the synthesis of glutarimides, and optimization of the synthesis of already known pharmaceuticals are described.

1 Introduction

2 Michael Addition

2.1 Preparation of Glutarimides from Substituted Acrylamides and 1,3-Bielectrophiles

2.2 Preparation of Glutarimides by the Reaction of Acetamide and α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds

2.2.1 Preparation of Glutarimides by the Reaction of Acetamide Derivatives and Acrolein Derivatives

2.2.2 Preparation of Spiroglutarimides by the Reaction of Acetamide Derivatives and Bromacrolein Derivatives

2.2.3 Preparation of Spiroglutarimides by the Reaction of Acetamide Derivatives and Acryloyl Cyanide Derivatives

2.2.4 Preparation of Substituted Glutarimides Using Ytterbium Salts

2.3 Michael Addition/Intramolecular Transacylation

2.4 Preparation of Glutarimides from Baylis–Hillman Adducts

3 Multicomponent Reactions

4 Conclusion
Releasing survey microdata with exact cluster locations and additional privacy safeguards
Authors: Koebe Till , Arias-Salazar Alejandra , Schmid Timo
Published: May 2023

Household survey programs around the world publish fine-granular georeferenced microdata to support research on the interdependence of human livelihoods and their surrounding environment. To safeguard the respondents’ privacy, micro-level survey data is usually (pseudo)-anonymized through deletion or perturbation procedures such as obfuscating the true location of data collection. This, however, poses a challenge to emerging approaches that augment survey data with auxiliary information on a local level. Here, we propose an alternative microdata dissemination strategy that leverages the utility of the original microdata with additional privacy safeguards through synthetically generated data using generative models. We back our proposal with experiments using data from the 2011 Costa Rican census and satellite-derived auxiliary information. Our strategy reduces the respondents’ re-identification risk for any number of disclosed attributes by 60–80% even under re-identification attempts.
Plasmas formed in front of laser-targeted solids enhance electromagnetic fields
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: May 2023

Experimental data coupled with simulations show the effects of pre-plasma on laser absorption and intensities of guided EMPs.
Interpreting chemical enhancements of surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Chen Ran , Jensen Lasse
Published: May 2023

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) provides orders of magnitude of enhancements to weak Raman scattering. The improved sensitivity and chemical information conveyed in the spectral signatures make SERS a valuable analysis technique. Most of SERS enhancements come from the electromagnetic enhancement mechanism, and changes in spectral signatures are usually attributed to the chemical enhancement mechanism. As the electromagnetic mechanism has been well studied, we will give an overview of models related to the chemical mechanism, which explain the Raman response in terms of electronic transitions or induced electron densities. In the first class of models based on electronic transitions, chemical enhancements are attributed to changes in transitions of the molecule and new charge transfer transitions. The second class of models relate chemical enhancements to charge flows near the molecule–metal interface by partitioning the induced electron density of the SERS system in real space. Selected examples will be given to illustrate the two classes of models, and connections between the models are demonstrated for prototypical SERS systems.
Diagnostics of a nanosecond atmospheric plasma jet. Ionization waves, plasma density and electric field dynamics
Authors: Britun Nikolay , Dennis Christy Peter Raj , Gamaleev Vladislav , Hsiao Shih-Nan , Hori Masaru
Published: May 2023

Atmospheric repetitive He discharge with 10 ns current peak width and 3×1011 V/s voltage front rise working in jet geometry is studied. This part deals with the ionization waves, electron density, and electric field dynamics. The electron density (ne) is measured by Stark broadening of the H Balmer β (Hβ) and He emission lines, the electric field is analyzed using Stark polarization spectroscopy, and the ionization waves are studied by fast imaging. We found that the ionization fronts propagate in the quartz tube with a velocity of about 5×105 m/s; this velocity slowly decreases along the tube but may jump in the open air at some conditions. In the space between electrodes, ne increases rapidly at the beginning, reaching about 7×1015 cm−3, which corresponds to electron avalanche defining the discharge current peak. In the tube, the electrons are concentrated in the ionization wavefronts having low density (<1014 cm−3). Before the avalanche, a macroscopic (electrode-induced) electric field dominates between the electrodes peaking at about 8 kV/cm as deduced from Hβ peak splitting, whereas during the avalanche, Hβ reveals a double-Lorentzian polarization-insensitive profile imposed by two electron populations. In the low-density electron group, ne does not exceed 1014 cm−3, whereas the high-density group is responsible for the observed electron density peak formation. After a rapid decay of the electrode-induced field, the microscopic electric field (induced by space-charge) dominates, peaking at about 25 kV/cm after the electron density peak. Certain electric field anisotropy is also detected in the quartz tube, confirming the wavefront propagation.
Cell voltage of mixed conductors under partially frozen conditions
Authors: Maier J.
Published: May 2023

Partially frozen-in states are rather the rule than the exception. Coexistence between equilibrium states and frozen-in states is relevant in view of the diversity and complexity of charge carriers, or sublattices, especially in multinary compounds, but also with respect to differently equilibrated spatial regions. This contribution deals with the open circuit potential of samples where only surface-near regions feel the outer partial pressure, or more generally, the component chemical potentials, established by the electrodes. In view of the significance of such measurements for separating ionic and electronic conductivity contributions, and the kinetic difficulties in getting full equilibration near room-temperature, the value of these considerations is obvious. The necessary relations are derived, or their derivations are sketched within the framework of linear force–flux laws. An account is made of recent emf measurements of hybrid halide perovskites, and a refinement of their standard defect diagram is recommended.
Passivation capping of InAs surface quantum dots by TMA/Al2O3: PL enhancement and blueshift suppression
Authors: Mohammadi Hanif , Roca Ronel C. , Zhang Yuwei , Lee Hyunju , Ohshita Yoshio , Iwata Naotaka , Kamiya Itaru
Published: May 2023

Passivation capping that enhances the photoluminescence (PL) of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown InAs surface quantum dots (SQDs) is realized by ex situ low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD)-grown Al2O3. As the Al2O3 cap thickness increased from 2 to 30 nm, the PL intensity was enhanced by 2.7-fold and the blue shift was suppressed. This is in strong contrast to wet chemistry passivation and in situ GaAs capping by MBE, both of which resulted in significant PL blueshift, due to etching in the former, and In/Ga intermixing and strain in the latter. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveal that the Al2O3 cap layer mimics the shape of the underlying SQDs. The cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) further reveals that the SQD size and shape remained unchanged after Al2O3 capping, which is in strong contrast to MBE-capping. The passivation mechanisms and native oxide reduction by trimethylaluminum (TMA), including self-clean-up reaction through ligand exchange, are discussed based on the results by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A detailed comparison between Al2O3 and ZnO cap layers reveals the significance of the cap properties on the SQD size/shape and PL blueshift. While the size/shape of SQDs is preserved by Al2O3 capping, the apex is slightly removed by ZnO capping, resulting in a stronger PL blueshift compared to Al2O3.
VClBr2: A new two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic semiconductor
Authors: Kumari Puja , Mukherjee Tania , Kar Subhasmita , Ray S. J.
Published: May 2023

Magnetic van der Waals nanocrystals with intrinsic magnetic anisotropy provide an ideal platform for exploring magnetism in the low-dimensional limit. In this work, we investigated the electronic and magnetic properties of a novel 2D material VClBr2 by using spin-polarized density functional theory calculations. Various strategies were employed to tune the material properties without changing the chemical composition or introducing defects. A phase transition is observed from semiconducting → metallic → half-metallic phase with ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic ground state(s) under the application of strain (η) and electric field (Ez). Monte-Carlo simulation based on the Heisenberg spin-chain predicted the Curie temperature (Tc) to be about 340 K under the application of an Ez=2.5 V/nm, a colossal enhancement of ∼6700% from its base value. The magnetic anisotropic energy calculation confirms the in-plane easy axis and its strain dependent modulation with a magnetization of ∼2.85 μB/V atom. The coexistence of high temperature spin-ordering along with half-metallicity, strain tunability, low formation energy, and excellent stability endow single layer VClBr2 to be of promising applications in electric field driven spin gating, room temperature spintronics, and 2D spin circuit design.
Piezocatalytic activity of CaO–Bi2O3–B2O3 glass-ceramics under ultrasonic vibrations
Authors: Porwal Chirag , Chauhan Vishal Singh , Vaish Rahul
Published: May 2023

Transparent glass-ceramics of CaO–Bi2O3–B2O3 (CBBO) were fabricated using the conventional melt quench technique. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were employed to confirm the phase of the prepared samples. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to verify that the material was, indeed, glassy. The CBBO glass samples were subjected to heat treatment at 540 °C for 30 min and 1 h based on their crystallization temperature obtained from DSC analysis. This study focused on the piezocatalytic behavior of CBBO glass-ceramic samples. Piezocatalysis experiments were conducted on the fabricated glass-ceramic samples, and it was discovered that the samples heat-treated for 30 min (HT30m) at 540 °C showed maximum dye degradation of 61% under 240 min of ultrasonication. Experiments were repeated multiple times to confirm their reliability. Additionally, a phytotoxicity assessment was performed on the degraded dye using vigna radiata seeds. The antibacterial properties of the CBBO glass-ceramic samples were also investigated via piezocatalysis. It was discovered that the HT30m CBBO glass-ceramic sample removes 98% of Escherichia coli and 99% of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria within 120 min of ultrasonication.
Strouhal and Reynolds number scaling of force production in the Mountain Pine Beetle
Authors: Hajati Zahra , Musso Antonia , Weller Zachary , Evenden Maya , Wong Jaime G.
Published: May 2023

The Mountain Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a destructive pest found in the pine forests of Western North America, has exhibited range expansion and unprecedented population growth due to climate change. As this insect disperses by flight, understanding its flight mechanics may help to model and predict its rate of spread through the environment. In this work, aerodynamic scaling relationships—previously identified in idealized, predominantly two-dimensional and numerical cases—are applied to the case of live flight. In particular, this aims to improve the statistical confidence in predicting sex and age differences in flight performance, which have historically been analyzed in ecology using dimensional quantities. Thrust coefficient is found to scale with the square of Strouhal number, as has been found in prior studies. However, with respect to Reynolds number, scaling was with the inverse of Reynolds number, rather than the inverse of the square root. We demonstrate here that the established Strouhal number and Reynolds number scaling of force coefficient can be successfully extended not just to highly three-dimensional flows, and lower Reynolds number flows, but remains robust even across distinct individuals within a population of beetles. Using this scaling, we observe that males fly with a greater mean thrust coefficient and Strouhal number compared to females (p < 0.001), which is a significant improvement in statistical confidence over prior studies, which could not identify a major difference between sexes (p > 0.05). Meanwhile, there is also a significant difference in thrust coefficient between different age cohorts, with younger beetles exhibiting a lower magnitude than other age groups (p < 0.05).