bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Biological-Targeted Treatments in Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Mekinian Arsene , Comarmond Cloé , Resche-Rigon Mathieu , Mirault Tristan , Kahn Jean Emmanuel , Lambert Marc , Sibilia Jean , Néel Antoine , Cohen Pascal , Hie Miguel , Berthier Sabine , Marie Isabelle , Lavigne Christian , Anne Vandenhende Marie , Muller Géraldine , Amoura Zahir , Devilliers Hervé , Abad Sébastien , Hamidou Mohamed , Guillevin Loïc , Dhote Robin , Godeau Bertrand , Messas Emmanuel , Cacoub Patrice , Fain Olivier , Saadoun David
Published: September 2015

Background—

The goal of this work was to assess the safety and efficacy of biologics (ie, tumor necrosis factor-α antagonists and tocilizumab) in patients with Takayasu arteritis.

Methods and Results—

This was a retrospective, multicenter study of the characteristics and outcomes of 49 patients with Takayasu arteritis (80% female; median age, 42 years [20–55 years] treated by tumor necrosis factor-α antagonists [80%] or tocilizumab [20%]) and fulfilling American College of Rheumatology or Ishikawa criteria. Factors associated with complete response were assessed. Eighty-eight percent of patients with Takayasu arteritis were inadequately controlled with or were intolerant to conventional immunosuppressive therapy (median number, 3 [1–5]). Overall response (ie, complete and partial) to biological-targeted treatments at 6 and 12 months was 75% and 83%, respectively. There were significantly lower C-reactive protein levels at the initiation of biological-targeted treatments (22 mg/L [10–46 mg/L] versus 58 mg/L [26–76 mg/L];
P
=0.006) and a trend toward fewer immunosuppressants drugs used before biologics (
P
=0.054) in responders (ie, complete or partial responders) relative to nonresponders to biological-targeted treatments. C-reactive protein levels and daily prednisone dose significantly decreased after 12 months of biological-targeted treatments (30 versus 6 mg/L [
P
<0.05] and 15 versus 7.5 mg [
P
<0.05] at baseline and 12 months, respectively). The 3-year relapse-free survival was 90.9% (83.5%–99%) over the biological treatment period compared with 58.7% (43.3%–79.7%;
P
=0.0025) with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. No difference in efficacy was found between tumor necrosis factor-α antagonists and tocilizumab. After a median follow-up of 24 months (2–95 months), 21% of patients experienced adverse effects, with biological-targeted treatments discontinued in 6.6% of cases.

Conclusion—

This nationwide study shows a high efficacy of biological-targeted treatments in refractory patients with Takayasu arteritis with an acceptable safety profile.
Taxonomic Results of the BRYOTROP Expedition to Zaire and Rwanda 16. Leucophanaceae

Authors: Allen N. Salazar
Published: September 2015

For family description see Salazar Allen 1992.
Taxonomic Results of the BRYOTROP Expedition to Zaire and Rwanda 19. Pottiaceae

Authors: Sollman Philip
Published: September 2015

Taxonomic Results of the BRYOTROP Expedition
Revision of Palearctic and Oriental Necrophila Kirby et Spence, part 3: subgenus Calosilpha Portevin (Coleoptera: Silphidae: Silphinae)
Authors: RŮŽIČKA JAN , QUBAIOVÁ JARIN , NISHIKAWA Masaaki , SCHNEIDER JAN
Published: September 2015

A taxonomic revision of the subgenus Calosilpha Portevin, 1920 (of the genus Necrophila Kirby & Spence, 1828) through Asia is presented. Four valid species are recognized: (1) Necrophila (C.) brunnicollis (Kraatz, 1877), widely distributed from Bhutan and China: Yunnan province to Far East of Russia and Japan (including Ryukyu Islands); (2) N. (C.) cyaneocephala (Portevin, 1914), endemic to Taiwan; (3) N. (C.) cyaniventris (Motschulsky, 1870), widely distributed from northern India to Vietnam and southern China (east to Hainan Island); and (4) N. (C.) ioptera (Kollar & Redtenbacher, 1844), comb. nov. (ex Calosilpha), widely distributed in Pakistan, India (Himachal Pradesh to Assam) and Nepal. Eusilpha (Calosilpha) bicolor imasakai Nishikawa, 1986 and Eusilpha (Calosilpha) kurosawai Nishikawa, 1986 are confirmed as junior subjective synonyms (sensu Cho & Lee 1995, Ji 2012) of Silpha brunnicollis Kraatz, 1877. Description of important adult taxonomic characters (including male genitalia) and a key to species is included. Georeferenced records for all four species are mapped. First reliable records of Necrophila (Calosilpha) brunnicollis from China: Hong Kong and Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Hubei, Jiangxi, Jilin, Qinghai and Zheijiang provinces and Guangxi autonomous region; N. (C.) cyaniventris from India: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and Manipur; and N. (C.) ioptera from Pakistan, India: Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Sikkim, West Bengal and Assam are given (only imprecise records from “Himalaya” had been published for the last two species). First records of N. (C.) brunnicollis from Bhutan, and of N. (C.) cyaniventris from China: Hainan and Yunnan provinces, Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia are given. Parsimony analysis supports the monophyly of Calosilpha, with two clades, one formed by N. (C.) brunnicollis and N. (C.) cyaneocephala and the other by N. (C.) cyaniventris and N. (C.) ioptera. Geometric morphometrics discriminated four taxa of Necrophila (Calosilpha). Results indicated a sexual dimorphism between sexes in all species. Shape variability was concluded between the taxa. Populations of N. (C.) brunnicollis from continental Asia and three regions of Japan (Honshu + Shikoku, Kyushu and Ryukyus) also were examined. MANOVA was significant and supported shape differences in male and female populations. When testing each pair of groups by discriminant analysis, only differences between male populations from Japan (Kyushu) and those from Japan (Honshu + Shikoku) showed insignificance.
Review of the Australian wolf spider genus Venator (Araneae, Lycosidae)
Authors: FRAMENAU VOLKER W.
Published: September 2015

Species of the Australian wolf spider genus Venator are reviewed including the type species, V. spenceri Hogg, 1900, from south-eastern Australia and V. immansuetus (Simon, 1909) comb. nov., a common species in south-west Western Australia. Venator marginatus Hogg, 1900 is only known from two female specimens and the genital morphology of this species does not conform to the diagnosis of genus as presented here. Therefore V. marginatus is considered incerta sedis. Venator includes medium-sized (9.0–22 mm body length) wolf spiders of overall brownish colouration, and with a black patch covering the anterior three quarters of the venter. They differ from all other wolf spiders in particular by genitalic characters, namely an elevated atrium of the female epigyne that forms a raised edged against the inverted T-shaped median septum. This edge often corresponds to a retrolateral incision on the tegular apophysis of the male pedipalp. The genus is mainly a representative of the Bassian fauna of the Australian continent where it occurs predominantly in dry sclerophyll forests.
Effect of Aerosols on Freezing Drops, Hail, and Precipitation in a Midlatitude Storm
Authors: Ilotoviz Eyal , Khain Alexander P. , Benmoshe Nir , Phillips Vaughan T. J. , Ryzhkov Alexander V.
Published: September 2015

A midlatitude hail storm was simulated using a new version of the spectral bin microphysics Hebrew University Cloud Model (HUCM) with a detailed description of time-dependent melting and freezing. In addition to size distributions of drops, plate-, columnar-, and branch-type ice crystals, snow, graupel, and hail, new distributions for freezing drops as well as for liquid water mass within precipitating ice particles were implemented to describe time-dependent freezing and wet growth of hail, graupel, and freezing drops.

Simulations carried out using different aerosol loadings show that an increase in aerosol loading leads to a decrease in the total mass of hail but also to a substantial increase in the maximum size of hailstones. Cumulative rain strongly increases with an increase in aerosol concentration from 100 to about 1000 cm−3. At higher cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, the sensitivity of hailstones’ size and surface precipitation to aerosols decreases. The physical mechanism of these effects was analyzed. It was shown that the change in aerosol concentration leads to a change in the major mechanisms of hail formation and growth. The main effect of the increase in the aerosol concentration is the increase in the supercooled cloud water content. Accordingly, at high aerosol concentration, the hail grows largely by accretion of cloud droplets in the course of recycling in the cloud updraft zone. The main mechanism of hail formation in the case of low aerosol concentration is freezing of raindrops.
Langmuir Turbulence and Surface Heating in the Ocean Surface Boundary Layer
Authors: Pearson Brodie C. , Grant Alan L. M. , Polton Jeff A. , Belcher Stephen E.
Published: September 2015

This study uses large-eddy simulation to investigate the structure of the ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL) in the presence of Langmuir turbulence and stabilizing surface heat fluxes. The OSBL consists of a weakly stratified layer, despite a surface heat flux, above a stratified thermocline. The weakly stratified (mixed) layer is maintained by a combination of a turbulent heat flux produced by the wave-driven Stokes drift and downgradient turbulent diffusion. The scaling of turbulence statistics, such as dissipation and vertical velocity variance, is only affected by the surface heat flux through changes in the mixed layer depth. Diagnostic models are proposed for the equilibrium boundary layer and mixed layer depths in the presence of surface heating. The models are a function of the initial mixed layer depth before heating is imposed and the Langmuir stability length. In the presence of radiative heating, the models are extended to account for the depth profile of the heating.
Choice, Information, and Constrained Options
Authors: Rich Peter M. , Jennings Jennifer L.
Published: September 2015

It is well known that family socioeconomic background influences childhood access to opportunities. Educational reforms that introduce new information about school quality may lead to increased inequality if families with more resources are better able to respond. However, these policies can also level the playing field for choice by equalizing disadvantaged families’ access to information. This study assesses how a novel accountability system affected family enrollment decisions in the Chicago Public Schools by introducing new test performance information and consequences. We show that a substantial proportion of families responded by transferring out when their child’s school was assigned “probation.” Poor families transferred children to other schools in the district, but at a lower rate than non-poor families, who were also more likely to leave for another district or enroll in private school. Most striking, we show that despite family response to the probation label, access to higher-performing schools changed very little under the new policy; students who left probation schools were the most likely of all transfer students to enroll in other low-performing schools in the district. Although new information changed families’ behavior, it did not address contextual and resource-dependent factors that constrain the educational decisions of poor families.
Unintended Consequences
Authors: Visher Christy A.
Published: September 2015

Almost 30 years ago, the National Research Council published Criminal Careers and “Career Criminals.” This report reviewed research on the initiation, continuation, and termination of individual offending patterns over a lifetime, otherwise known as criminal careers. The landmark report set in motion a research agenda focused on how antisocial behavior rises and falls during a lifetime and the antecedents to those patterns. But what about the report’s policy implications for the criminal justice system? Did the report have any impact on criminal justice operations? This article argues that it is difficult to ascertain the report’s direct impact, in part, because of the crime and criminal justice climate that was pervasive at the time of the report’s release. Indirect impacts of the report, however, are plausible. And although unintended, the report may have accentuated short-term attention to individual explanations of criminal behavior and individual-focused crime control policies, to the exclusion of social explanations and community-focused crime control policies.
Positive association between serious psychiatric outcomes and complications of diabetes mellitus in patients with depressive disorders
Authors: Kim Gyung-Mee , Woo Jong-Min , Jung Sun-Young , Shin Sangjin , Song Hyun Jin , Park Jooyeon , Ahn Jeonghoon
Published: September 2015

Objectives

Depression and diabetes are closely biologically and behaviorally intertwined. We examined the impact of comorbid diabetes mellitus on the incidence of serious psychiatric outcomes among patients with depression.

Methods

We used claims data from the Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service database of patients who were diagnosed with depression within one year of an index prescription for antidepressants between January 2007 and June 2008. We investigated the association between the comorbidity of diabetes mellitus and serious psychiatric outcomes of depression, such as psychiatric hospitalization, psychiatric emergency room visits, and suicide attempts.

Results

Among 200,936 patients with depression, 74,160 (36.9%) had diabetes mellitus, including 57,418 (28.6%) with complications. The incidence of serious psychiatric outcomes was 3.3% in patients with depression without diabetes and 6.7% in patients with depression and diabetes mellitus. Patients with depression and diabetes mellitus complications showed higher rates of serious outcomes than that did those without diabetes mellitus complications (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.13). Similarly, depressed patients with micro and macrovascular diabetic complications were more likely to experience serious outcomes than those without diabetes mellitus complications (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 2.07–2.34).

Conclusions

Our results showed that comorbid diabetes mellitus can increase the risk of serious outcomes of depression, such as suicide and hospitalization, and thus may alter the antidepressants prescription patterns and healthcare service use among patients with depressive disorders.
Freedom of Navigation Assertions
Authors: Etzioni Amitai
Published: September 2015

In line with its “Freedom of Navigation” program, the United States conducts “operational assertions” by sending naval vessels to violate what it considers to be the excessive maritime claims of other states. Efforts have been made to legitimate this program to the public and elected officials on both liberal and realist grounds: Freedom of navigation is an important component of the liberal international order while also central to the exercise of U.S. naval power. However, it does not follow that military assertions, which create a security risk and are inconsistent with liberal principles, should take precedence over diplomatic and multilateral steps. Rather, the program has faced little scrutiny to date due to its relative obscurity.
Impact of Identity Invalidation for Black Multiracial People
Authors: Franco Marisa G. , Franco Stephen A.
Published: September 2015

Multiracial people report repeated experiences of racial identity invalidation, in which their racial identity is rejected by others. The current study examined whether the race of the perpetrator of these invalidating experiences matters in determining the impact of invalidation. A sample of 221 Black multiracial people was recruited to take an online survey investigating their experiences of identity invalidation, levels of cultural homelessness, and challenges with racial identity. Participants reported that Black people invalidated their racial identity the most, and they were most hurt by invalidation perpetrated by Black people. Finally, those whose experiences of identity invalidation were mostly perpetrated by Black people, as opposed to other racial groups, were more likely to exhibit racial homelessness and challenges with racial identity. Results highlight the importance of racial identity affirmation by the Black community for Black multiracial individuals.
Cell Taught, Self Taught
Authors: Chase Robert T.
Published: September 2015

This essay places the Chicano Movement at the center of a struggle over prisoners’ rights and the construction of carceral states. It chronicles the prisoners’ rights movement through the lens of two urban Chicano prisoner activists incarcerated on rural prison farms - Fred Cruz and David Ruíz. It recounts the intellectual and political evolution of Fred Cruz, a native of San Antonio, who promoted social justice by embracing the law, traditions of civic nationalism, and American constitutionalism. It also considers the more politicized path of David Ruíz, a native of Austin and the author of the nation’s longest civil rights trial, Ruiz v. Estelle (1978-1980). His turn to radicalization linked the legal effort for prisoners’ rights with the wider Chicano movement outside of prison walls.

As a study of urban Chicanos incarcerated on rural prison farms, this article demonstrates how geographical dislocation allowed Chicano prisoners to imagine their coerced geographic dislocation as analogous to the ways in which slavery uprooted African communities. In the American southwest, the coerced dislocation of urban minorities meant that rural prisons received a rising number of Mexican American prisoners who carried with them into prison their experience as city dwellers exposed to an urban Chicano radicalism and also as exploited workers for the vast agricultural empire of the Southwest. By offering an analysis of the ways in which Mexican Americans pioneered the prisoners’ rights movement in Texas, this article serves as a reminder that Latino/a prisoners constitute an essential cornerstone to social justice movements that confronted the construction of carceral states.
Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Corporate Financial Performance: A Competitive-Action Perspective
Authors: Kim Kwang-Ho , Kim MinChung , Qian Cuili
Published: September 2015

We attempt to provide a more nuanced view of the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm financial performance using a competitive-action perspective. We argue that competitive action should be considered as an important contingency that determines the effects of CSR activities on firm financial performance. Using data for 113 publicly listed U.S. firms in the software industry between 2000 and 2005, we found that socially responsible activities (positive CSR) enhance firm financial performance when the firm’s competitive-action level is high, whereas socially irresponsible activities (negative CSR) actually improve firm financial performance when the competitive-action level is low. By introducing competitive action as an important contingency, this study contributes to the literature on CSR and strategic management.
From “Good Will” to “Anachronism”
Authors: Freidus Alexandra , Noguera Pedro
Published: September 2015

This article explores the challenges that have made the pursuit of school integration difficult in the contemporary era. Using court records and newspaper archives, we explore how a New York City school desegregation order came to be seen as “unnecessary,” “unfair,” and “anachronistic,” claims that seem to deny the salience of race in one of the most segregated school systems in the nation. In 1974, Mark Twain Junior High School in Coney Island became the first New York City school to desegregate under federal district court order. Three decades later, Mark Twain was a highly desirable magnet school under a court-mandated desegregation plan that left students across the city competing fiercely for admissions. In 2007, an immigrant parent from India successfully sued New York City, claiming his daughter was passed over in favor of white students who scored lower on the city's selective school screening test but were admitted in the name of maintaining the 1974 court-mandated racial balance. We argue that Mark Twain's story vividly illustrates not only the importance of demographic change in school desegregation policy but also the evolution of racial discourse and the conceptions of the public good in the post–civil rights era.
Voluntary Participation in Forensic DNA Databases
Authors: Machado Helena , Silva Susana
Published: September 2015

The public’s understanding of forensic DNA databases remains undertheorized and few empirical studies have been produced. This article aims to address this omission by exploring the answers to an open-ended question taken from an online questionnaire regarding the reasons for individuals’ voluntarily accepting or refusing to allow their DNA profile to be included in the Portuguese forensic DNA database. The analysis is undertaken from the perspective of biological citizenship and the simultaneous empowering and disempowering effects of surveillance. The results indicate a pragmatic ethical framework that is linked to the cultural and emotional elements of altruism, resistance, stigma, and social representations of what is beneficial or harmful to the individual and to society. These subjectivities are anchored in commonplace images and metaphors for genetics, DNA, and forensic science that circulate in the messages transmitted by the media which pervade everyday life; hierarchies of trust in science and the justice system; and moral categories associated with the individual self-judgment in relation to crime, surveillance, and social order.
Low Self-Control and Crime in Late Adulthood
Authors: Wolfe Scott E. , Reisig Michael D. , Holtfreter Kristy
Published: September 2015

This study investigates whether low self-control theory explains self-reported criminal activity in late adulthood. Cross-sectional survey data from telephone interviews conducted with individuals aged 60 years and older in Arizona and Florida ( N = 2,000) are used. Regression analyses show that low self-control is related to criminal offending. The relationship between low self-control and offending persists after the introduction of potential mediators (e.g., unstructured socializing, negative emotions, and familial ties) and is even observed across different stages of late adulthood (i.e., young–old, old–old, and oldest–old) characterized by declining physical and cognitive abilities. Robustness checks using alternative measurement and modeling strategies also provide empirical support. Although strong causal inferences are limited by the nature of the data, the findings generally support the notion that low self-control theory partially explains criminal offending in late adulthood.
Alveolar Macrophage Distribution in a Mouse Model
Authors: Wheeldon Eric B. , Podolin Patricia L. , Mirabile Rosanna C.
Published: September 2015

Rodent lungs are routinely examined after intratracheal instillation (IT) of fixative. This study compares the histopathologic appearance of the lung after IT fixation with air inflation (AI) followed by immersion fixation. Lungs from mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke were fixed either by IT or by AI. Increased numbers of macrophages with differing distributions were seen in both groups. Lungs fixed by IT had prominent, large macrophages floating in the alveolar lumina, as well as macrophage clusters and loose aggregates, often near terminal airways. Macrophages in lungs fixed by AI were randomly distributed throughout the lung, lying singly along alveolar walls, with large numbers visible in the interstitium. Clusters of macrophages were seen in the airways after AI but were fewer after IT fixation. The effects of intratracheal fixation on lung macrophages need to be considered carefully when assessing the significance of changes in macrophage appearance and distribution.
Sphere Sovereignty, Civil Society and the Pursuit of Holistic Transformation in Asia
Authors: Harvey Thomas
Published: September 2015

This article examines the relative efficacy of Abraham Kuyper and Herman Dooyeweerd’s sphere sovereignty for holistic transformation in Asia. It examines interest in China and Malaysia in Neo-Calvinism, Civil Society, and sphere sovereignty and its social, cultural, and political implications. It considers the strengths and weaknesses of sphere sovereignty in a secular age particularly in light of the sharp antithesis Kuyper and Dooyeweerd posited between the epistemological and ethical frameworks of secular modernist versus Christian approaches to understanding and social, cultural, and political engagement. The article concludes that although this antithesis marginalizes Christian perspectives in a secular age, Herman Bavink’s softening of Neo-Calvinist emphasis on antithesis offers a fresh way to consider transformational engagement.
‘Life’ in Theological Education and Missional Formation: A Reflection for a New Christian Era
Authors: Ma Wonsuk
Published: September 2015

The third Christian millennium has dawned and global Christianity has been making a drastic shift from the north to the south. This also coincides with the beginning of the post-Christendom era. How these two mega shifts would impact theological education and missional formation is an active discussion today. The study, intended to be a preliminary conversation starter, is a reflection of a southern Christian. It identifies three major components (‘world’, ‘mission’ and ‘life’) that have been developed, altered, or even dropped in the Christendom process, and how the new era affords world Christianity with a rare opportunity to evaluate, revision, and restore the vision of theologising and theological formation. A fourth component (‘Evangelical Christian experience’) is added to counter-balance the de-Christendom attempts that took place in the twentieth century, which also illustrates the complexity of, and the limitation to, the argument that is presented here.
Alternatives for arterial inflow in open surgical descending and thoracoabdominal aortic repair
Authors: Blohmé Linus , Olsson Christian
Published: September 2015

Surgical repair of the descending and thoracoabdominal aorta is regularly performed with the support of extracorporeal circulation. Femoral artery cannulation is the standard for arterial inflow, but presents, along with extremity hypoperfusion, the risk of embolization and malperfusion with retrograde aortic perfusion. There are alternatives for arterial inflow to avoid the drawbacks of the standard approach while accommodating different perfusion strategies. Ideally, with a broadened perfusion armamentarium, the choice of arterial inflow could be individualized to provide safe and efficient extracorporeal circulation.
Body Structure and Physical Self-Concept in Early Adolescence
Authors: Zsakai Annamaria , Karkus Zsolt , Utczas Katinka , Bodzsar Eva B.
Published: September 2015

In adolescence, the complexity of human ontogenesis embraces biological growth and maturation as well as mental, affective, and cognitive progress, and adaptation to the requirements of society. To accept our morphological constellation as part of our gender may prove a problem even to a child of average rate of maturation. The main purposes of the present study were to compare selected body shape factors of early adolescents belonging to different physical self-concept subgroups, and to identify those somatic factors that have the strongest influence on the physical self-concept. A randomly selected subsample of the 2nd Hungarian National Growth Study formed the sample of the analysis. Besides the anthropometric investigations, the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale was administered to altogether 2,140 adolescents (aged 11-14). The multinominal logistic regression was used to reveal the relationship between absolute body dimensions, relative body dimensions, nutritional status, body mass components, body shape, and physical self-concept. The better the physical self-concept, the less the fatness was found in both sexes. In early adolescents, having negative physical self-concept endomorphy was significantly larger than in their age-peers with good self-concept. The presumed fact that obesity is not popular in adolescence has been confirmed by this study. However, the underweight nutritional status was attractive in the girls. These results informed us about the considerable influence of the pubertal-not-normal nutritional status on the discrepancy between the ideal and actual self-concepts.
CD3 and CD20 Coexpression in a Case of Canine Cutaneous Epitheliotropic T-Cell Lymphoma (Mycosis Fungoides)
Authors: Brachelente C. , Affolter V. K. , Fondati A. , Porcellato I. , Sforna M. , Lepri E. , Mechelli L. , Bongiovanni L.
Published: September 2015

A 14-year-old female spayed Dachshund was presented with generalized scaling, erythema, pruritus, poor quality of hair coat, and progressive weight loss. Cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma (CETCL) was suspected. Skin biopsies were suggestive of CETCL. However, immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of numerous CD20+ and CD3+ cells. Clonality assay demonstrated a clonal T-cell receptor gamma rearrangement and a polyclonal IgH gene rearrangement. Double-label immunofluorescence confirmed coexpression of CD3 and CD20 by neoplastic cells. By double immunohistochemistry, neoplastic cells were CD3+ and PAX5–. The results are compatible with a CD3+, CD20+ CETCL. Coexpression of CD20 and CD3 has been recognized in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Although documented in human CETCL, it has not been reported in canine CETCL. The pathogenetic basis of CD20 expression in mycosis fungoides is explored.
Simultaneous Sketching Aids the Haptic Identification of Raised Line Drawings
Authors: Cecchetto S. , Lawson R.
Published: September 2015

Haptically identifying raised line drawings is difficult. We investigated whether a major component of this difficulty lies in acquiring, integrating, and maintaining shape information from touch. Wijntjes, van Lienen, Verstijnen, and Kappers reported that drawings which participants had failed to identify by touch alone could often subsequently be named if they were sketched. Thus, people sometimes needed to externalize haptically acquired information by making a sketch in order to be able to use it. We extended Wijntjes et al.’s task and found that sketching while touching improved drawing identification even more than sketching after touching, but only if people could see their sketches. Our results suggest that the slow, serial nature of information acquisition seriously hampers the haptic identification of raised line drawings relative to visually identifying line drawings. Simultaneous sketching may aid identification by reducing the burden on working memory and by helping to guide haptic exploration. This conclusion is consistent with the finding reported by Lawson and Bracken that 3-D objects are much easier to identify haptically than raised line drawings since, unlike for vision, simultaneously extracting global shape information is much easier haptically for 3-D stimuli than for line drawings.
Self-Identification With Another’s Body Alters Self-Other Face Distinction
Authors: Dobricki Martin , Mohler Betty J.
Published: September 2015

When looking into a mirror healthy humans usually clearly perceive their own face. Such an unambiguous face self-perception indicates that an individual has a discrete facial self-representation and thereby the involvement of a self-other face distinction mechanism. We have stroked the trunk of healthy individuals while they watched the trunk of a virtual human that was facing them being synchronously stroked. Subjects sensed self-identification with the virtual body, which was accompanied by a decrease of their self-other face distinction. This suggests that face self-perception involves the self-other face distinction and that this mechanism is underlying the formation of a discrete representation of one’s face. Moreover, the self-identification with another’s body that we find suggests that the perception of one’s full body affects the self-other face distinction. Hence, changes in self-other face distinction can indicate alterations of body self-perception, and thereby serve to elucidate the relationship of face and body self-perception.
Oil frictions and the subterranean geopolitics of energy regionalisms
Authors: Valdivia Gabriela
Published: September 2015

This paper contributes to analyses of energy integration strategies in Latin America. Focusing on the case of Ecuador’s participation in regional energy networks, the paper traces how oilfields, region, firms, and state are entangled in the making of energo-political assemblages. The paper develops an analytic of subterranean frictions in order to trace the coproduction of subterranean space and oil geopolitical events and, more generally, propose a more expansive geography of subterranean geopolitics that challenges spatial simplifications of resource extraction. The paper discusses how subterranean geopolitics, alongside surface politics, contributes to our understanding of the promises (and failures) of emerging energy projects in Latin America.
‘I could not be idle any longer’: buruli ulcer treatment assemblages in rural Ghana
Authors: Hausermann Heidi Eileen
Published: September 2015

Buruli ulcer is a necrotizing skin infection that largely affects poor people in the tropics. In Ghana, federal policies promise free treatment to all individuals with the disease. Yet, this research found there is a tension between official policy narratives and the lived experiences of people in endemic regions. I demonstrate that as top-down government channels struggle to provide sick people with care, new treatment assemblages emerge in rural areas. I use the experiences of two individuals and one group of practitioners—the pirate, hybrid herbalist, and practitioners for profit—to detail the social relationships and practices governing Buruli ulcer treatment. These treatment assemblages reflect diverse knowledge and economic forms and represent lines of flight from official, and exclusionary, systems of disease surveillance. In contrast with existing literature on Buruli ulcer in Africa, I argue rural people's engagement with “traditional” medicine is often the result of policy failures and the disease is under-represented in national case counts. This work contributes to a growing body of critical political ecologies of health by examining the ways non-humans (e.g. Mycobacterium ulcerans, wild plants, anti-biotics), policy, desire, and prosaic practices combine to shape disease and treatment dynamics.
A microstrain measurement methodology applied to multiscale hydroforming of annealed ASTM 304 stainless steel sheet
Authors: Emblom William J , Aithal Mitra , Jones Richard J , Pesacreta Thomas C , Glass Gary A , Ibne Islam Md FS , Wagner Scott W
Published: September 2015

Meso- and microscale sheet metal forming represents new and attractive solutions to many manufacturing problems for product miniaturization. Larger organizations are utilizing commercially available microscale digital image correlation systems to measure the strains on these scales. The cost of these systems is preventing smaller research and development organizations from entering this challenging area or they are sacrificing the ability to determine strains and evaluate material behavior at the microscale. However, microscale strain grid measurement has the advantage over digital image correlation when the researchers wish to avoid polishing and etching the surface of the sheet metal to make the grain structure visible for digital image correlation and where tooling interferes with obtaining images of the workpiece in real time. This article evaluates the strain measurement and strains resulting from multiscale sheet metal hydroforming operations for annealed 0.2-mm-thick ASTM 304 stainless steel using a simple method for producing microscale grids that has been previously described. The gridding methodology was shown to be accurate with high repeatability. In addition, a strain grid measurement method using an optical microscope and digital camera is described and an error analysis was performed. Provided reasonable care is taken, the inherent error in undeformed parts is 0.76% of true strain for samples with 127 µm grids using the strain measurement system described. The maximum variation in the mesoscale and microscale strain measurement static bulge testing was ±2.4% and more typically ±1.3% of true strain. With care, the errors were reduced to less than 1% of strain. Microscale strains from sheet bulge hydroforming experiments for 11, 5, and 1 mm diameter dies are used to show that the strains measured are reasonable and consistent.
Experimental Therapeutic Trial Design for Pediatric Brain Tumors
Authors: Bornhorst Miriam , Hwang Eugene I.
Published: September 2015

Pediatric brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related death during childhood. Since the first pediatric brain tumor clinical trials, the field has seen improved outcomes in some, but not all tumor types. In the past few decades, a number of promising new therapeutic agents have emerged, yet only a few of these agents have been incorporated into clinical trials for pediatric brain tumors. In this review, the authors discuss the process of and challenges in pediatric clinical trial design; this will allow for highly efficient and effective clinical trials with appropriate endpoints to ensure rapid and safe investigation of novel therapeutics for children with brain tumors.
Ambivalent Sexism, Alcohol Use, and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration
Authors: Renzetti Claire M. , Lynch Kellie R. , DeWall C. Nathan
Published: September 2015

Research on risk factors for men’s perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) has shown a high correlation with problem alcohol use. Additional studies, however, indicate that the alcohol–IPV link is neither simple nor necessarily direct and that a range of factors may moderate this relationship. Using a national, community-based sample of 255 men, the present study examined the moderating effects of ambivalent sexism (i.e., hostile and benevolent sexism) on the relationship between alcohol use and IPV perpetration. The findings show that both greater alcohol consumption and high hostile sexism are positively associated with IPV perpetration, and that hostile sexism moderates the alcohol–IPV relationship for perpetration of physical IPV, but not for psychological IPV. Moreover, high levels of alcohol consumption have a greater impact on physical IPV perpetration for men low in hostile sexism than for men high in hostile sexism, lending support to the multiple threshold model of the alcohol–IPV link. Implications of the findings for prevention, intervention, and future research are discussed.
Is Age the New Class? Economic Crisis and Demographics in European Politics
Authors: Erk Jan
Published: September 2015

As the crisis turns into long-term economic downturn, younger age-groups in Europe seem to be hit with higher levels of unemployment while the welfare state is steadily shrinking. The young have suddenly become a social group united by collective material interests, but does this translate into a sense of a collective political interest? The paper examines to what extent the dominant class-based social science of the post-war years can help us understand the politics of age-groups. The analysis highlights four changes since post-war years: the workplace has changed, impacting socialization; modern media has changed, impacting mobilization; the political landscape is fairly institutionalized, tempering the possibilities for new political concerns to find voice; and those who would define and articulate the political priorities of the young are leaving the Old Continent.
Finite-horizon servo SDRE for super-maneuverable aircraft and magnetically-suspended CMGs
Authors: Geranmehr Behdad , Vafaee Kamran , Rafee Nekoo Saeed
Published: September 2015

This work proposes a finite-horizon servo state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) to control two classes of aerospace systems. The SDRE is widely used for nonlinear and optimal control of different systems in theory and practice. In this work, an augmented integrator was added to the SDRE (servo SDRE) to increase performance of the controller, especially to decrease steady-state error. The finite-horizon structure developed for servo SDRE features the advantages of both methods. Attitude control of super-maneuverable aircraft was modeled and simulated. It was then compared with a conventional SDRE controller to show the advantages of the proposed combination. A magnetically suspended double-gimbal control moment gyroscope was tested using the finite-horizon servo SDRE because the control moment gyroscope is the primary attitude control actuator for spacecraft. The results showed that the servo structure improved the performance and decreased the error of the SDRE using a simple systematic approach. The finite-horizon option completes the task sooner than common controllers.
The Symbolic Power of Legal Kinship Terminology
Authors: Swennen Frederik , Croce Mariano
Published: September 2015

This article provides a theoretically grounded critical analysis of how the Belgian and the Dutch legal systems are addressing new kinship formations through the production of new legal terminology. As Belgium and the Netherlands are at the forefront of legal recognition of minority sexualities and emerging forms of relatedness, statutory Belgian ‘co-motherhood’ and Dutch ‘duo-motherhood’ for ‘lesbian parents’ (both enacted in 2014) cast some light on how European state family laws and policy frameworks are likely to evolve vis-à-vis the multiplication of new family formations. After tracing the developmental trajectory of these new family law categories and their connection to ordinary language categories, the article claims that legal labels are hardly merely descriptive, for they exert contradictory effects of recognition, regulation, normalization and exclusion. By foregrounding the potential frictions between ‘kinship-in-action’ and ‘kinship-in-the-books’ and the possible drawbacks of top-down statutory interventions, the article contends that, when based on conventional family categories, legal kinship terminology runs the risk of foisting pre-given narratives upon emerging kinship formations, which would eventuate in the normalization of alternative realities. The article concludes by drawing a parallelism between partnership labels and parenthood labels and by advocating the need for deeper ethnographic research before new legal kinship labels are crafted.
A Risk Score to Predict Hypertension in Primary Care Settings in Rural India
Authors: Sathish Thirunavukkarasu , Kannan Srinivasan , Sarma P. Sankara , Razum Oliver , Thrift Amanda Gay , Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman
Published: September 2015

We used the data of 297 participants (15-64 years old) from a cohort study (2003-2010) who were free from hypertension at baseline, to develop a risk score to predict hypertension by primary health care workers in rural India. Age ≥35 years, current smoking, prehypertension, and central obesity were significantly associated with incident hypertension. The optimal cutoff value of ≥3 had a sensitivity of 78.6%, specificity of 65.2%, positive predictive value of 41.1%, and negative predictive value of 90.8%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the risk score was 0.802 (95% confidence interval = 0.748-0.856). This simple and easy to administer risk score could be used to predict hypertension in primary care settings in rural India.
Research-Supported Intervention and Discretion Among Frontline Workers Implementing Home Visitation Services
Authors: Willging Cathleen E. , Trott Elise M. , Fettes Danielle , Gunderson Lara , Green Amy E. , Hurlburt Michael S. , Aarons Gregory A.
Published: September 2015

Objective:

We examine how frontline workers and supervisors delivering a research-supported intervention (RSI) to reduce child neglect negotiated system-related challenges, the pragmatics of RSI implementation, and their professional identities and relationships with clients.

Methods:

We conducted semi-structured interviews, small group discussions, and focus groups with frontline workers and supervisors in one large county over two time periods. We used iterative coding to analyze qualitative data.

Results:

Frontline workers navigated several aspects of RSI implementation and sustainment: (1) contract requirements and information dissemination, (2) fidelity, (3) competing demands and crises, (4) structure versus creativity, and (5) relationships with clients.

Conclusions:

Workers dynamically negotiated multiple system- and provider-level (or outer- and inner-contextual) demands influencing RSI provision for clients with complex service needs. Results affirm the need to attend to the unintended consequences of implementing new contract, reimbursement, and other system or organizational processes and to address the “committed work” supporting RSI delivery.
Finite element analysis of 3D circular braided composites tube damage based on three unit cell models under axial compression loading
Authors: Gideon Rotich K , Zhou Haili , Wu Xianyan , Sun Baozhong , Gu Bohong
Published: September 2015

The axial compression loading and damage of four-step 3D circular braided composite tubes are reported in this paper by both experimental and finite element method approaches. In the axial compression experiment, the damage of the braided composite tubes was observed and the compressive load–displacement curves were acquired to analyze the compressive behaviors. In finite element analyses, three forms of repeating unit cell model were identified and used to describe the microstructure of the 3D circular braided composite tubes. The critical damage area and maximum stress theory was used as the failure criteria. From the study, it was found that the braiding parameters have a significant influence on the compression behaviors of the 3D braided composite tubes. There was a good agreement between the finite element and the experimental results. The inner and outer cells played a huge part and should be considered when calculating the overall mechanical properties of the 3D braided composite tube sample. The damage morphology was also compared and showed a good comparison between the experimental and finite element method.
Ki67 Heterogeneity in Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancers
Authors: Himuro Takanori , Horimoto Yoshiya , Arakawa Atsushi , Tanabe Masahiko , Saito Mitsue
Published: September 2015

Heterogeneity of Ki67 expression, often seen in breast cancer, can make evaluation of the expression of this marker difficult and give rise to confusion when considering adjuvant treatments for patients. Herein, we investigated estrogen receptor–positive breast cancers to reveal the tumor characteristics associated with Ki67 heterogeneity. Surgical specimens from 85 invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type and 13 invasive lobular carcinomas were examined. We first calculated the differences between Ki67 expression in a hot spot and those in 4 random fields on the same slide. We then evaluated Ki67 heterogeneity within the tumor, based on these differences. Among clinicopathological factors, solid-tubular carcinoma, an architectural growth pattern subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma, correlated with high Ki67 heterogeneity ( P < .05). Our results indicate that we might need to be aware of histological patterns when selecting appropriate microscopic fields for evaluating Ki67 expression.