bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Li‐ion transport mechanisms in Ge/Cl dual‐doped Li10GeP2S12 solid electrolytes: Synergistic insights from experimental structural characterization and machine‐learning‐assisted atomistic modeling
Authors: Choi Yong‐Seok , Jeong Jiwon , Lee Youngin , Ahn Hyuna , Scanlon David O. , Chung Kyung Yoon , Lee Jae‐Chul
Published: July 2024

Enhancing the ionic conductivity of sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) through dual‐doping is a well‐established approach, yet the atomic‐level mechanisms driving these improvements remain elusive. By dual‐doping Ge and Cl into the Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) framework, we synthesized Ge/Cl‐doped LGPS (Li10+xGe1+2xP2−2xS12−xClx, x = 0.3) with an ionic conductivity of 12.4 mS/cm at 25°C, a value that stands among the highest for LGPS‐type SEs. This achievement emphasizes the pivotal role of dopant selection in modulating Li‐ion transport mechanisms, thereby enhancing SE performance. Our research elucidates the intricate atomic mechanisms responsible for this enhanced ionic conductivity, with a particular focus on the synergistic effects of Ge and Cl dual‐doping. Integrating advanced multianalytical techniques, including experiments and atomistic modeling (machine‐learning‐assisted molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations), we provide comprehensive insights into the structure–property relationship in Ge/Cl‐doped LGPS SEs. Our findings reveal that Cl doping significantly enhances the paddle‐wheel dynamics, while Ge doping promotes cooperative Li diffusion through the formation of Li interstitials. This dual‐doping approach not only elucidates the structural and functional dynamics of SEs but also paves the way for designing dopants to enhance ionic conductivity. The insights gained from this study offer a strategic direction for developing higher‐performance SEs, highlighting the importance of tailored dopant selection in advancing energy storage technologies.
Pre‐Coordination Induced Further Deamination to Create Inter‐Chain Cross‐Linking in Carbon Nitride for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2O2 Production
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Yonghai , Gong Jie , Huang Chingcheng , Guo Yu , Sun Jianhua , Lei Weiwei
Published: July 2024

Creating cross‐linking to establish efficient inter‐chain charge‐transfer channels in carbon nitride represents a promising strategy for enhancing its photocatalytic capabilities. Molten salt‐assisted calcining has emerged as a method for preparing cross‐linked carbon nitrides. However, the precise influence of molten salts on the molecular structure of carbon nitride remains to be fully elucidated. Herein, we develop a KCl guided cross‐linking reaction to preliminarily reveal the formation mechanism of cross‐linking. The cross‐linking reaction is initiated by the pre‐coordination of amino groups with K+. Subsequent heating at high temperature converts the amino groups into chlorines. Then, dechlorination leads to the formation of cross‐linking. Thus, this cross‐linking reaction can be accurately described as a pre‐coordination‐induced, two‐step deamination reaction. The pre‐coordination step plays a pivotal role in the cross‐linking process. Sufficient pre‐coordination results in a relatively high cross‐linking degree of the as‐prepared CNK‐2. Consequently, CNK‐2 demonstrates a significantly enhanced photocatalytic H2O2 production, with a generation rate of 682 μmol L−1 h−1, about 59 times that of traditional carbon nitride.
De‐ and Rearomatisation of Pyridine in Silylene Chemistry
Authors: Jin Da , Hinz Alexander , Sun Xiaofei , Roesky Peter W.
Published: July 2024

Traditional methods relying on metal‐ligand cooperation for activating pyridine bonds in de‐ and rearomatisation are being challenged by the abundant metal‐free element species as alternatives. Here, we investigated the de/re‐aromatisation of pyridine facilitated by pyridylamino‐functionalised silylene reactions with ketones and ketene. The reactivity outcome is highly dependent on the substituents on the ketones. By carefully tuning the steric demand of the ketone, each intermediate of the reaction sequence could be isolated. At room temperature, benzophenone and acetophenone substrates led to dearomatisation of the pyridine moiety, with the case of acetophenone showing an intermediate silaoxirane preceding dearomatisation. However, when subjected to acetone or diphenylketene, only silaoxiranes were formed without dearomatisation of the pyridine moiety. Notably, only benzophenone‐derived dearomatised species demonstrated rearomatisation upon heating. Furthermore, the reduced steric bulk of the ketene facilitated further ring expansion with another equivalent of the substrate, forming sila‐1,3‐dioxolanes. Both steric hindrance and aromatic groups collectively influence the dearomatisation of pyridine in pyridylaminosilylene reactions.
SERENE ER Analysis Part 1‐SERENE CD: Exposure‐Response Analysis of Higher Versus Standard Adalimumab Dosing Regimens for Patients With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn Disease
Authors: Chen Mong‐Jen , Ponce‐Bobadilla Ana Victoria , Stodtmann Sven , Song Alexandra P. , Finney‐Hayward Tricia K. , Mostafa Nael M.
Published: July 2024

SERENE CD (NCT02065570) evaluated whether a higher adalimumab induction dose would improve patients with Crohn disease response and suggested a flat dose‐response relationship for efficacy in the induction study. We investigated exposure‐response relationships in induction and maintenance studies considering patients’ baseline characteristics. Adalimumab exposures were simulated using the established population pharmacokinetic model. Efficacy end points (clinical remission/endoscopic response) at Weeks 4, 12, and 56 were evaluated in exposure‐response analyses using multivariable logistic regression. Analyses showed an increasing trend with heterogeneity between induction regimens, which suggested that average concentration has an impact on coprimary efficacy end points within each group, but data did not fit a single‐response curve. Although higher concentrations within arms were associated with improved outcomes, increasing the concentration through a higher induction dose was not associated with increasing clinical remission/endoscopic response at Week 4/12. A model including inverse effective clearance eliminated heterogeneity and described trends across induction regimens with a single curve. In the maintenance study, the response rates at Week 56 showed no heterogeneity. In the induction study, patients with lower effective adalimumab clearance responded better, whereas in the maintenance study average concentration drove primary efficacy end points at Week 56. Research extending these findings to other indications is needed.
Soil Fertility, Fertilizers, and Crop Nutrition: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Mikkelsen Robert , Blaylock Alan
Published: July 2024

The 20th century saw the development of a highly efficient nutrient industry producing affordable fertilizers that contributed greatly to increased food, feed, fiber, and fuel production for a growing global population. Plant nutrient production and use in the 21st century faces pressure to improve efficiency and outcomes. The nutrient industry has historically operated with large volumes and low margins, and has, at times, been slow to embrace innovations. However, the landscape has changed, driven by the demand for superior products, practices, and environmental stewardship. This transition marks the advent of what experts term “responsible plant nutrition” (International Fertilizer Association, 2024). This is the third and final article in a series on the past, present, and future of the North American fertilizer industry. Earn 1.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Seed dormancy types and germination response of 15 plant species in temperate montane peatlands
Authors: Wang Jian‐Yi , Bu Zhao‐Jun , Poschlod Peter , Yusup Shuayib , Zhang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Zheng‐Xiang
Published: July 2024

Despite their crucial role in determining the fate of seeds, the type and breaking mode of seed dormancy in peatland plants in temperate Asia with a continental monsoon climate are rarely known. Fifteen common peatland plant species were used to test their seed germination response to various dormancy‐breaking treatments, including dry storage (D), gibberellin acid soaking (GA), cold stratification (CS), warm followed cold stratification (WCS), GA soaking + cold stratification (GA + CS) and GA soaking + warm followed cold stratification (GA + WCS). Germination experiment, viability and imbibition test, and morphological observation of embryos were conducted. Of the 15 species, nine showed physiological dormancy (PD), with non‐deep PD being the dominant type. Four species, Angelica pubescens, Cicuta virosa, Iris laevigata, and Iris setosa exhibited morphophysiological dormancy. Two species, Lycopus uniflorus and Spiraea salicifolia, demonstrated nondormancy. Overall, the effect hierarchy of dormancy‐breaking is: CS > GA > WCS > GA + CS > D > GA + WCS. Principal component analysis demonstrated that seed traits, including embryo length: seed length ratio, seed size, and monocot/eudicot divergence, are more likely to influence seed dormancy than environmental factors. Our study suggests that nearly 90% of the tested peatland plant species in the Changbai Mountains demonstrated seed dormancy, and seed traits (e.g. embryo‐to‐seed ratio and seed size) and abiotic environmental factors (e.g. pH and temperature seasonality) are related to germination behavior, suggesting seed dormancy being a common adaptation strategy for the peatland plants in the temperate montane environment.
Hainan four‐eyed turtles actively select suitable stones to masquerade according to their own morphology
Authors: Yu Hongmin , Deng Xinyi , Xiao Fanrong , Shi Haitao
Published: July 2024

Masquerade is a form of camouflage in which animals use their body size, shape, and coloration to resemble inanimate objects in their environment to deceive predators. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence to show that animals actively choose objects that match these body parameters. To explore how the Hainan four‐eyed turtle, Sacalia insulensis, masquerades using suitable stones, we used indoor video surveillance technology to study the preferences of juvenile S. insulensis for stones of different sizes, shapes, and colors. The results indicated that under normal conditions, during the day, juvenile S. insulensis preferred larger oval or round stones, while at night, they preferred oval stones that were closer to their own size, with no significant preference for stone color during either time. When disturbed (by a researcher swinging their arm back and forth above the experimental setup every hour to mimic a predator), the turtles showed a preference for brown stones that were closer to their size and oval in shape. These findings suggest that juvenile S. insulensis prefer stones that resemble their carapace size and shape to masquerade when undisturbed, and that this preference is reinforced when they masquerade to reduce the risk of predation. The preference for stones that resemble their carapace color is significant only when there is a disturbance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide evidence that vertebrates can selectively choose objects that resemble their own morphology for masquerading to reduce predation risk.
Specialization: A multidimensional and integrative perspective
Authors: Rodríguez‐Arribas Clara , Prieto María , Aragón Gregorio , López‐Angulo Jesús , Escudero Adrián , Martínez Isabel
Published: July 2024

Specialization remains as a controversial and ambiguous term in ecology. Although it has been usually measured using a dichotomic and simplified classification of specialists and generalists, its nature is by far more complex. In the context of biotic interactions, assigning these two labels is usually based on the number of interacting partners (one or few vs. many). Here, we provide a more precise, quantitative, and objective interpretation of the specialization phenomenon combining three different dimensions (specificity, preference, and selectivity) that offer complementary information to quantify specialization. Hence, partner richness is a metric associated with the specificity, Simpson's evenness is related to the preference and d′ index to the selectivity of the biotic interactions. Consequently, we propose a 3D specialization space combining these three metrics which allows to identify the degree of biotic specialization fleeing from its simplified historical interpretation. The proposed space was subsequently evaluated in five natural interacting systems (host–parasite, plant–ant, plant–pollinator, plant–seed disperser, and mycobiont–cyanobacteria) using available data comprising 116 networks with quantitative observations. The results indicate the prevalence of a lax specialization, where most organisms tended to show low values in at least one of the metrics. Predominantly, observations showed high values of specificity and low values of preference and selectivity. This relaxed specialization provides advantages of being specialized, without sentencing it when being too tight. The implementation of this framework provides a useful tool that allows to identify specialization in a more objective, integrative, and universal way for future specialization studies.
Boron Nitride‐Integrated Lithium Batteries: Exploring Innovations in Longevity and Performance
Authors: Angizi Shayan , Ahmad Alem Sayed Ali , Torabian Mahdi , Khalaj Maryam , Golberg Dmitri , Pakdel Amir
Published: July 2024

The current global warming, coupled with the growing demand for energy in our daily lives, necessitates the development of more efficient and reliable energy storage devices. Lithium batteries (LBs) are at the forefront of emerging power sources addressing these challenges. Recent studies have shown that integrating hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanomaterials into LBs enhances the safety, longevity, and electrochemical performance of all LB components, including electrodes, electrolytes, and separators, thereby suggesting their potential value in advancing eco‐friendly energy solutions. This review provides an overview of the most recent applications of h‐BN nanomaterials in LBs. It begins with an informative introduction to h‐BN nanomaterials and their relevant properties in the context of LB applications. Subsequently, it addresses the challenges posed by h‐BN and discusses existing strategies to overcome these limitations, offering valuable insights into the potential of BN nanomaterials. The review then proceeds to outline the functions of h‐BN in LB components, emphasizing the molecular‐level mechanisms responsible for performance improvements. Finally, the review concludes by presenting the current challenges and prospects of integrating h‐BN nanomaterials into battery research.
Dectin‐1 induces TRPV1 sensitization and contributes to visceral hypersensitivity of irritable bowel syndrome in male mice
Authors: Zheng Hao‐Nan , Zhi Yu‐Ru , Su Yang‐Shuai , Jiang Jin‐Yan , Zhang Hao‐Zhou , Cao Feng , Wang Yun , Chi Yan , Zhang Ying
Published: July 2024

Background

Visceral hypersensitivity is considered the core pathophysiological mechanism that causes abdominal pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Fungal dysbiosis has been proved to contribute to visceral hypersensitivity in IBS patients. However, the underlying mechanisms for Dectin‐1, a major fungal recognition receptor, in visceral hypersensitivity are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the role of Dectin‐1 in visceral hypersensitivity and elucidate the impact of Dectin‐1 activity on the function of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1).

Methods

Visceral hypersensitivity model was established by the intracolonic administration of 0.1 mL TNBS (130 μg/mL in 30% ethanol) in the male mice. Fluconazole and nystatin were used as fungicides. Laminarin, a Dectin‐1 antagonist and gene knockout (Clec7a−/−) mice were used to interrupt the function of Dectin‐1. Colorectal distension‐electromyogram recording was performed to assess visceral sensitivity. Immunostaining experiment was performed to determine the localization of Dectin‐1 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Calcium imaging study was performed to assay TRPV1‐mediated calcium influx in acutely dissociated DRG neurons.

Results

Pretreatment with fungicides, administration of laminarin or genetic deletion of Clec7a alleviated TNBS‐induced visceral hypersensitivity in male mice. The expression of Dectin‐1 was upregulated in the DRG and colon of TNBS‐treated mice. Colocalization of Dectin‐1 and TRPV1 was observed in DRG neurons. Importantly, pretreatment with curdlan, a Dectin‐1 agonist, increased TRPV1‐mediated calcium influx.

Conclusions

Dectin‐1 contributes to visceral hypersensitivity in IBS or in inflammatory bowel disease in remission and activation of Dectin‐1 induces TRPV1 sensitization.

Significance Statement

This work provides direct evidence for the functional regulation of TRPV1 channel by Dectin‐1 activity, proposing a new mechanism underlying TRPV1 sensitization. Control of intestinal fungi might be beneficial for the treatment of refractory abdominal pain in patients with IBS or IBD in remission.
Physical and Chemical Surface Modification of Recycled Polystyrene Films for Improved Triboelectric Properties
Authors: Ģērmane Līva , Bērziņa Astrīda , Eglītis Raivis , Iesalnieks Mairis , Lungevičs Jānis , Linarts Artis , Šutka Andris , Lapčinskis Linards
Published: July 2024

Polystyrene (PS) is a very common material in packaging. In this study, it is recycled by turning it into energy harvesting devices: triboelectric generators. Herein, heat‐pressed films of recycled PS are formed and their surfaces are modified physically and chemically. The triboelectric properties of the films are determined using a dynamic testing machine, and the performance of the triboelectric generators is evaluated with a high‐speed contact–separation system. The developed charge density of the triboelectric generator increases two orders of magnitude—from 0.03 to 1.52 nC cm−2—by combining these surface modification methods. Such high values of charge density enable the production of single material triboelectric generators.
Rare gelastic seizure associated with ATP6V0A2 gene variants in a patient with ARCLII
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Lu Hongjuan , Sun Wei
Published: July 2024

Content available: Video
Epilepsy surgery for children with epileptic spasms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis with focus on predictors and outcomes
Authors: Kolosky Taylor , Goldstein Shipper Andrea , Sun Kai , Tozduman Busra , Bentzen Soren , Moosa Ahsan N. , Erdemir Gozde
Published: July 2024

To conduct a systematic review of the literature regarding rates and predictors of favorable seizure outcome after resective surgery for epileptic spasms (ES) in pediatric patients. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses standards were followed. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL for articles published on the prevalence or incidence of epileptic spasm since 1985. Abstract, full‐text review, and data extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers. Meta‐analysis was performed to assess overall seizure freedom rate. Subject‐level analysis was performed on a subset of studies to identify prognostic indicators. A total of 21 retrospective studies (n = 531) were included. Meta‐analysis of all studies demonstrated a pooled seizure freedom rate of 68.8%. Subject‐level analysis on 18 studies (n = 360) demonstrated a significant association between duration of spasms and recurrence of spasms after surgery, with an estimated increased risk of 7% per additional year of spasms prior to operation. Patients who underwent resective surgery that was not a hemispherectomy (i.e., lobectomy, lesionectomy, etc.) had an increased recurrence risk of 57% compared to patients who had undergone hemispherectomy. Resective surgery results in seizure freedom for the majority of pediatric patients with epileptic spasms. Patients who undergo hemispherectomy have lower risk of recurrence than patients who undergo other types of surgical resection. Increased duration of spasms prior to surgery is associated with increased recurrence risk after surgery.

Plain Language Summary

Children with epileptic spasms (ES) that do not respond to medications may benefit from surgical treatment. Our study reviewed existing research to understand how effective surgery is in treating ES in children and what factors predict better outcomes. Researchers followed strict guidelines to search for and analyze studies published since 1985, finding 21 studies with a total of 531 patients. They found that, on average, nearly 70% of children became seizure‐free after surgery. Further individual analysis of 360 patients showed that longer duration of spasms before surgery increased the risk of spasms returning by 7% per year. Additionally, children who had less extensive surgeries, such as removal of only a specific part of the brain, had a 57% higher risk of seizure recurrence compared to those who had a hemispherectomy, which removed or disconnected half of the brain. Overall, the study concludes that surgery can often stop seizures, especially when more extensive surgery is performed and when the surgery is done sooner rather than later.
Advancing mango quality assurance: Non‐destructive detection of spongy tissue using visible near‐infrared spectroscopy and machine learning classification
Authors: Kiran Patil Rajvardhan , Yeasin Md , Aradwad Pramod , Arunkumar T. V. , Parray Roaf Ahmad
Published: July 2024

The renowned Alphonso mango, celebrated in India for its exquisite taste, saffron hue, pleasing texture, and prolonged shelf life, holds significant global commercial appeal. Unfortunately, the widespread issue of spongy tissue (ST) disorder in Alphonso mangoes results in a soft, corky texture, affecting up to 30% of mangoes in a single batch. This challenge leads to the outright rejection of affected mangoes during export due to delayed disorder identification. The current evaluation method involves destructive cutting, causing substantial fruit loss, and lacks assurance for the overall batch quality. This study addresses these challenges by focusing on the utilization of visible near‐infrared spectroscopy as a non‐invasive method to assess the internal quality of mangoes. Additionally, it introduces innovative classification models for automated binary categorization (Healthy vs. ST affected). Through preprocessing and principal component analysis of spectral reflectance data for feature extraction and wavelength optimization, successful wavelength ranges of 650–970 nm were identified, effectively distinguishing between healthy and damaged mangoes. Various machine learning models used notably, linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine, and logistic regression exhibited strong discriminative capabilities with higher accuracy reaching 99%. This non‐destructive approach addresses critical challenges in the mango export industry, offering early detection of internal disorders and minimizing postharvest losses.
Assessing the impact of history of medicine research: A scientometric and altmetric analysis
Authors: Orimi Jamal Rezaei , Asadi Mohammad Hossein , Jafari Forouhe , Ramezani Aboozar , Hossein Latifi Seyyed Amir , khosravi Azam , Mahmoodi Seyed Abdollah , Salehi Mehdi , Siamian Hasan
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

After conducting a comprehensive literature search of two medical electronic databases, PubMed and Embase, as well as two citation databases, Web of Science Core Collections (WoS) and Scopus, we aimed to conduct an Altmetric and Scientometric analysis of the History of Medicine literature in medical research.

Methods

The following software tools were used for analyzing the retrieved records from PubMed and Embase databases and conducting a collaboration analysis to identify the countries involved in scientific medical papers, as well as clustering keywords to reveal the trend of History of Medicine research for the future. These software tools (VOSviewer 1.6.18 and Spss 16) allowed the researchers to visualize bibliometric networks, perform statistical analysis, and identify patterns and trends in the data.

Results

Our analysis revealed 53,771 records from PubMed and 54,405 records from EMBASE databases retrieved in the field of History of Medicine by 105,286 contributed authors in WoS. We identified 157 countries that collaborated on scientific medical papers. By clustering 59,995 keywords, we were able to reveal the trend of History of Medicine research for the future. Our findings showed a positive association between traditional bibliometrics and social media metrics such as the Altmetric Attention Score in the History of Medicine literature (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Sharing research findings of articles in social scientific networks will increase the visibility of scientific works in History of Medicine research, which is one of the most important factors influencing the citation of articles. Additionally, our overview of the literature in the medical field allowed us to identify and examine gaps in the History of Medicine research.
HCV prevalence and phylogenetic characteristics in a cross‐sectional, community study of young people who inject drugs in New York City: Opportunity for and threats to HCV elimination
Authors: Pedro Mateu‐Gelabert , Seanna Pratt , Honoria Guarino , Renee Hallack , Chunki Fong , Ben Eckhardt
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

In the United States, the opioid epidemic has led many young people who use opioids to initiate injection drug use, putting them at risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, community surveys to monitor HCV prevalence among young people who inject drugs (YPWID) are rare.

Methods

As part of Staying Safe (Ssafe), a trial to evaluate an HCV‐prevention intervention, a community‐recruited sample of 439 young people who use opioids (ages 18−30) in New York City (NYC) were screened from 2018 to 2021. Screening procedures included a brief verbal questionnaire, a visual check for injection marks, onsite urine drug testing, rapid HCV antibody (Ab) testing, and dried blood spot (DBS) collection. DBS specimens were sent to a laboratory for HCV RNA testing and phylogenetic analysis to identify genetic linkages among HCV RNA‐positive specimens. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations between HCV status (Ab and RNA) and demographics and drug use patterns.

Results

Among the 330 participants who reported injecting drugs (past 6 months), 33% (n = 110) tested HCV Ab‐positive, 58% of whom (n = 64) had HCV RNA‐positive DBS specimens, indicating active infection. In multivariable analysis, visible injection marks (AOR = 3.02; p < 0.001), older age (AOR = 1.38; p < 0.05), and female gender (AOR = 1.69; p = 0.052) were associated with HCV Ab‐positive status. Visible injection marks were also associated with HCV RNA‐positive status (AOR = 5.24; p < 0.01). Twenty‐five percent of RNA‐positive specimens (14/57) were genetically linked.

Conclusion

The relatively low prevalence of active infection suggests the potential impact of treatment‐as‐prevention in reducing HCV prevalence among YPWID. Targeted community serosurveys could help identify actively infected YPWID for treatment, thereby reducing HCV incidence and future transmissions.
Neuroimaging biomarkers for predicting stroke outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Gaviria Elizabeth , Eltayeb Hamid Awab Hamid
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

Stroke is a prominent cause of long‐term adult impairment globally and a significant global health issue. Only 14% of stroke survivors achieve full recovery, while 25% to 50% require varying degrees of support, and over half become dependent. The aftermath of a stroke brings profound changes to an individual's life, with early choices significantly impacting their quality of life. This review aims to establish the efficacy of neuroimaging data in predicting long‐term outcomes and recovery rates following a stroke.

Methods

A scientific literature search was conducted using the Centre of Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) criteria and PRISMA guidelines for a combined meta‐narrative and systematic quantitative review. The methodology involved a structured search in databases like PubMed and The Cochrane Library, following inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify relevant studies on neuroimaging biomarkers for stroke outcome prediction. Data collection utilized the Microsoft Edge Zotero plugin, with quality appraisal conducted via the CASP checklist. Studies published from 2010 to 2024, including observational, randomized control trials, case reports, and clinical trials. Non‐English and incomplete studies were excluded, resulting in the identification of 11 pertinent articles. Data extraction emphasized study methodologies, stroke conditions, clinical parameters, and biomarkers, aiming to provide a thorough literature overview and evaluate the significance of neuroimaging biomarkers in predicting stroke recovery outcomes.

Results

The results of this systematic review indicate that integrating advanced neuroimaging methods with highly successful reperfusion therapies following a stroke facilitates the diagnosis of the condition and assists in improving neurological impairments resulting from stroke. These measures reduce the possibility of death and improve the treatment provided to stroke patients.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the crucial role of neuroimaging in advancing our understanding of post‐stroke outcomes and improving patient care.
Parametric study of low‐temperature solar‐assisted flash evaporation desalination systems using two‐phase water–steam ejector
Authors: Mahdi Mustafa S. , Ezzat Akram W. , Hu Eric
Published: July 2024

This study aims to investigate a two‐phase subsonic ejector added to a flash evaporation desalination system to increase the system productivity of distilled water. The flash evaporation was of low‐temperature condition that it could be powered by a flat and evacuated tube solar water heater. A parametric study of superheat degree (range 5°C–25°C), back pressure (range 10–30 kPa of absolute pressure), primary fluid flow rate (range 1–3 L/min), nozzle diameter (range 1–3 mm), and salinity concentration (range 0%–7%) were investigated to examine the system productivity and the ejector performance in terms of its entertainment ratio under different operating conditions. Results show that the inclusion of the ejector led to an average of 99% improvement in system productivity, primarily through the efficient secondary flow. Moreover, the effect of the studied parameter was more pronounced in the considered flash evaporation desalination system as it has two places where flash evaporation occurs, compared with the normal system where the flash evaporation occurs at one place. All in all, the application of the ejector could enhance the system's productivity significantly under different operating conditions.
Prophylactic supplementation with Bifidobacterium infantis or its metabolite inosine attenuates cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Jiawan , Shen Jianghua , Chen Siqi , Yuan Hailong , Zhang Xuan , Liu Xu , Yu Ying , Li Xinran , Gao Zeyu , Wang Yaohui , Wang Jun , Song Moshi
Published: July 2024

Emerging evidence has demonstrated the profound impact of the gut microbiome on cardiovascular diseases through the production of diverse metabolites. Using an animal model of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury, we found that the prophylactic administration of a well‐known probiotic, Bifidobacterium infantis (B. infantis), exhibited cardioprotective effects in terms of preserving cardiac contractile function and preventing adverse cardiac remodeling following I/R and that these cardioprotective effects were recapitulated by its metabolite inosine. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed that inosine mitigated I/R‐induced cardiac inflammation and cell death. Mechanistic investigations elucidated that inosine suppressed the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and reduced the numbers of dendritic cells and natural killer cells, achieved through the activation of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) that when inhibited abrogated the cardioprotective effects of inosine. Additionally, in vitro studies using C2C12 myoblasts revealed that inosine attenuated cell death by serving as an alternative carbon source for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation through the purine salvage pathway when subjected to oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation that simulated myocardial I/R injury. Likewise, inosine reversed the I/R‐induced decrease in ATP levels in mouse hearts. Taken together, our findings indicate that B. infantis or its metabolite inosine exerts cardioprotective effects against I/R by suppressing cardiac inflammation and attenuating cardiac cell death, suggesting prophylactic therapeutic options for acute ischemic cardiac injury.
Tilianin enhances the antitumor effect of sufentanil on non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Huixia , Wu Yulin , Wang Jiazheng , Li Yike , Chen Yongxue , Wang Xinbo , Lv Hangyu , Liu Xinyan
Published: July 2024

Non‐small cell cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cancer in the world, but its effective therapeutic methods are limited. Tilianin and sufentanil alleviate various human tumors. This research aimed to clarify the functions and mechanisms of Tilianin and sufentanil in NSCLC. The functions of Tilianin and sufentanil on NSCLC cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and immunity in vitro were examined using Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, flow cytometry, reactive oxygen species level analysis, CD8+ T cell percentage analysis, Western blot, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The molecular mechanism regulated by Tilianin and sufentanil in NSCLC was assessed using Western blot, and immunofluorescence assays. Meanwhile, the roles of Tilianin and sufentanil in NSCLC tumor growth, apoptosis, and immunity in vivo were determined by establishing a tumor xenograft mouse model, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot assays. When sufentanil concentration was proximity 2 nM, the inhibition rate of NSCLC cell viability was 50%. The IC50 for A549 cells was 2.36 nM, and the IC50 for H1299 cells was 2.18 nM. The IC50 of Tilianin for A549 cells was 38.7 μM, and the IC50 of Tilianin for H1299 cells was 44.6 μM. Functionally, 0.5 nM sufentanil and 10 μM Tilianin reduced NSCLC cell (A549 and H1299) viability in a dose‐dependent manner. Also, 0.5 nM sufentanil and 10 μM Tilianin enhanced NSCLC cell apoptosis, yet this impact was strengthened after a combination of Tilianin and Sufentanil. Furthermore, 0.5 nM sufentanil and 10 μM Tilianin repressed NSCLC cell mitochondrial dysfunction and immunity, and these impacts were enhanced after a combination of Tilianin and Sufentanil. Mechanistically, 0.5 nM sufentanil and 10 μM Tilianin repressed the NF‐κB pathway in NSCLC cells, while this repression was strengthened after a combination of Tilianin and Sufentanil. In vivo experimental data further clarified that 1 µg/kg sufentanil and 10 mg/kg Tilianin reduced NSCLC growth, immunity, and NF‐κB pathway‐related protein levels, yet these trends were enhanced after a combination of Tilianin and Sufentanil. Tilianin strengthened the antitumor effect of sufentanil in NSCLC.
Measured distance from posterior tibia to popliteal artery increases with flexion and subluxation of the knee
Authors: Hungerford Marc , Pichard‐encina Carmen P. , Boner Ashlie , Jones Lynne
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Popliteal artery laceration is a devastating complication in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Its anatomic position relative to the tibia has been studied using ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. This is the first study performed in a laboratory using radiographic measurements to determine if increased flexion and subluxation of the knee increase the distance between the tibia and popliteal artery.

Methods

The femoral artery was infused with radiopaque dye in six cadavers. The knee was placed in two different degrees of flexion and three of subluxation. The radiographic distance between standardized markers in the posterior tibia and popliteal artery was measured.

Results

The average distance from the tibial peg to the popliteal artery at 90° of flexion increased from 0% to 50% to 100% subluxation. The increase was statistically significant (Friedman test p = 0.016). The contrast between neutral and 100% subluxation was statistically significant (Sign test p = 0.031). At 115° flexion, average distance from the peg to popliteal artery significantly increased as subluxation increased (Friedman test p = 0.05). In three specimens, at 115° of flexion and 100% subluxation, a line perpendicular to the axis of the tibia, failed to intersect the popliteal artery. The measured distance increased from 90° to 115° of flexion at a given degree of subluxation, but this difference did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions

Increasing flexion and subluxation of the tibia results in increasing distance between the cut plane of the tibial plateau and popliteal artery and decreases risk of laceration.

Level of Evidence

Not applicable.
Congenital malformation in green turtle embryos and hatchlings
Authors: Sönmez Bektaş , Sağol Özlem
Published: July 2024

Successful embryonic development depends on the interaction between genetic factors and environmental variables. Congenital malformations in sea turtles can result from extreme conditions during the incubation period, reducing hatching success and potentially impeding population recovery. We aimed to characterize the congenital malformations found in green turtle nests, determine their prevalence and severity, and understand their drivers during the 2022 nesting season on Samandağ beach on northern Mediterranean nesting beaches. A total of 2986 examples of congenital malformations were observed in 362 out of 907 green turtle nests. The prevalence of congenital malformations per nest was 39%, and the severity (the number of malformed individuals per nest) was 3.8%. Nests with congenital malformations exhibited a lower mean distance from the sea, a shorter incubation duration (a proxy for incubation temperature), lower hatching success, a larger clutch size, and higher mortality at late embryonic and hatchling stages than nests without congenital malformations. There was no significant difference in total mortality between these two nest types. A total of 52 different congenital malformations were recorded, 2 of which were observed for the first time in sea turtles and 28 for the first time in green turtles. The results suggest that congenital malformations may be related to nest temperature and clutch size, while overall mortality may be independent of malformations. Pigmentation disorders and craniofacial malformations typically coexist in cases of multiple malformations. Long‐term monitoring of congenital malformations is crucial, as it can provide clues about the health status of the nesting beach and nesting colony.
Insights into the oxidative thermal stability of mesoporous triazine‐based organic polymers: Kinetics and thermodynamic parameters
Authors: Altarawneh Suha
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the thermal degradation kinetics of mesoporous triazine‐based polymers, namely triazine‐amine and triazine‐ether polymers. The synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and catalytic applications of these polymers were discussed in our previous report. Herein, the thermal stability parameters, including kinetic triplets and thermodynamic parameters, were determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and non‐isothermal mathematical approximations such as Coats‐Redfern, Broido, and Horowitz–Metzger methods. Triazine‐ether polymers exhibit thermal stability within the range of 200°C–300°C, while triazine‐amine polymer demonstrates superior thermal stability, reaching up to 450°C. According to the Coats‐Redfern method, the degradation follows reaction orders of 0.5 ≤ n ≤ 1. The activation energy of triazine‐amine polymer is notably high, particularly at the third degradation stage (e.g., 89.0 kJ/mol by the Broido method), attributed to its high nitrogen content. Conversely, the higher carbon content of triazine‐ether polymers reduces their activation energy to approximately 30 kJ/mol at all stages and thus, facilitates the degradation process. Thermodynamically, the degradation process is favorable yet non‐spontaneous, with intermediate states of the polymers exhibiting higher entropy, indicative of their enhanced degradation capability.
Robotic‐assisted total knee arthroplasty reduces postoperative complications and length of stay without increased cost compared to navigation‐guided techniques: A national analysis
Authors: Maman David , Laver Lior , Becker Roland , Mahamid Assil , Berkovich Yaron
Published: July 2024

Introduction

This study compares postoperative outcomes of robotic‐assisted total knee arthroplasty (RA‐TKA) versus navigation‐guided total knee arthroplasty (NG‐TKA). Using Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) data, it provides an analysis of postoperative complications, mortality, hospital costs and duration of stay.

Methods

The study analysed 217,715 patients (81,830 RA‐TKA; 135,885 NG‐TKA) using NIS data from 2016 to 2019. Elective TKA patients were identified through the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression modelling, were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and MATLAB.

Results

RA‐TKA patients were younger (66.1 vs. 67.1 years, p < 0.0001) and had similar mortality rates (0.024% vs. 0.018%, p = 0.342) but shorter length of stay (LOS) (1.89 vs. 2.1 days, p < 0.0001). Mean total charges were comparable between RA‐TKA ($66,180) and NG‐TKA ($66,251, p = 0.669). RA‐TKA demonstrated lower incidences of blood‐related complications (11.67% vs. 14.19%, p < 0.0001), pulmonary oedema (0.0306% vs. 0.066%, p < 0.0001), deep vein thrombosis (0.196% vs. 0.254%, p = 0.006) and acute kidney injury (AKI) (1.356% vs. 1.483%, p = 0.016).

Conclusion

RA‐TKA reduces postoperative complications and LOS without increasing costs, highlighting the relevance of this technology in patient care.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Transcutaneous Laryngeal Ultrasound for Assessing Hyaluronic Acid Status in Patients Undergoing Injection Laryngoplasty
Authors: Chang Chia‐Fan , Kuo Yen‐Ling , Hsu Yen‐Bin
Published: July 2024

Objective

Injection laryngoplasty (IL) with hyaluronic acid (HA) is an effective treatment for patients with glottic insufficiency. The duration of HA maintenance in the vocal fold remains unknown. In this study, transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasound (TLUS) was used to evaluate the absorption and migration of HA after IL. Subsequent management might be provided based on the TLUS finding.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) or vocal fold atrophy were recruited. All patients underwent IL with HA in an office‐based setting along with TLUS to monitor the status of HA. The schedule of TLUS included assessments before and after IL until non‐visualization.

Results

The study population comprised 38 women and 17 men. Of the patients, 54.1% underwent IL for UVFP, whereas 45.9% underwent IL for vocal fold atrophy. Multivariate Cox regression analysis for factors affecting HA absorption revealed that the cause of injection was the most important independent predictor (hazard ratio [HR], 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–4.46; p = 0.040). The duration of HA maintenance was significantly longer in patients with UVFP than in those with vocal fold atrophy (8.77 vs. 4.70 months, HR, 2.33; 95% CI, 5.47–8.18; p = 0.002).

Conclusion

TLUS is an objective assessment method for patients undergoing IL with HA. Subsequent tailor‐made management could be offered based on the TLUS findings during follow‐up. For patients at high risk of upper respiratory tract infection or who are intolerant to flexible nasopharyngoscopy, TLUS can be used as an alternative tool to evaluate the condition of the glottis after IL with HA.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:4682–4687, 2024
Influence of heating rate and intercritical annealing temperature on the austenite formation of a cold rolled dual‐phase steel
Authors: Costa F. , Barbosa R.
Published: July 2024

This study investigated austenite formation in a cold‐rolled dual‐phase steel through thermal experiments in a dilatometer and a Gleeble machine, applying various intercritical annealing temperatures and different heating rates in a 60 % cold‐rolled ferrite‐pearlite banded microstructure. The microstructural characterization revealed that the transformation of lamellar pearlite into ferrite and spheroidized cementite aggregates started before the onset of austenite formation. Different degrees of overlap between the recrystallization of ferrite‐pearlite structure and austenite formation processes were observed, depending on the applied heating rates, which affected the austenite formation mechanisms and the microstructure morphology.
Magnesium‐based nanocomposites developed through multi‐pass friction stir processing and strengthening mechanisms exploration
Authors: Sagar P. , Handa A. , Sangwan Sushma
Published: July 2024

In the current experimental work, using secondary phase hard nano titanium carbide (TiC) particles as reinforcement, two different magnesium metal matrices i. e., AZ31B/TiC and AZ61 A/TiC composite materials were synthesized by friction stir processing. Using the traditional testing approach for the developed materials, the simultaneous gain in metallurgical, mechanical, electrical, and tribological characteristics compared to the base substrate was examined. The microstructure study results for AZ31B/TiC and AZ61 A/TiC composites showed a uniform distribution of reinforced particles as well as an evolution in grain size, from 82 μm to 4.2 μm and from 74 μm to 3.7 μm, respectively, which consequently contribute in a significant gain in the microhardness of both composites i. e., around 2.2 times and 2.67 times respectively, greater than the base metal. When compared to monolithic alloys, the synthesized AZ31B/TiC and AZ61 A/TiC composites showed improvements in the areas of tensile strength, compressive strength, and coefficient of friction up to 1.81 times, and 1.64 times, 1.74 times and 1.58 times, and 57.92 % and 58.47 %, respectively. Furthermore, these improvements in characteristics also increase the final strengthening of the nanocomposite and reduce electrical conductivity.
Induktive Randschichtnachbehandlung zur Steigerung der Korrosionsschwingfestigkeit des Radsatzwellenwerkstoffes EA4T
Authors: Schönborn S. , Melz T. , Hasnain J. , Scheerer H. , Engler T. , Oechsner M. , Schulz A. , Steinbacher M.
Published: July 2024

Zum Schutz vor mechanischen und korrosiven Einflüssen werden Radsatzwellen heute üblicherweise lackiert. Beschädigungen im Betrieb erfordern jedoch enge Inspektionsintervalle zur Überprüfung zulässiger mechanischer und korrosiver Schädigungstiefen.

Die Untersuchung einer möglichen Steigerung der Korrosionsschwingfestigkeit durch induktive Randschichtbehandlung für den Radsatzwellenwerkstoff EA4T (25CrMo4+vergütet und angelassen) stehen im Fokus dieser Forschung. Hierzu wurden Verfahrensparameter der induktiven Randschichthärtung identifiziert und optimiert, um sowohl an leicht gekerbten Proben eine ausreichend hohe Einhärtetiefe und Härte der Randschicht einzustellen. Nachfolgend wurden an Luft und in 5 % NaCl‐Lösung Schwingfestigkeitsuntersuchungen für den Ausgangszustand und den gehärteten Zustand durchgeführt. Durch Gegenüberstellung der ermittelten Schwingfestigkeitsergebnisse wurde das erwartete Potenzial der Steigerung von Schwingfestigkeit und Korrosionsschwingfestigkeit bestätigt. Zur Darstellung von Steinschlag‐ und Korrosionsbeanspruchung wurden weitere Versuche mit gezielt in der Randschicht eingebrachten mechanischen und korrosiven Beschädigungen ergänzt. Die erzielten Erkenntnisse zeigen das Potenzial der Randschichthärtung für zukünftig deutlich wartungsärmere Radsatzwellen im Güterverkehr auf.