bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A general model of radial dispersion with wellbore mixing and skin effects
Authors: Shi Wenguang , Wang Quanrong , Zhan Hongbin , Zhou Renjie , Yan Haitao
Published: May 2023

Abstract. The mechanism of radial dispersion is essential for understanding reactive
transport in the subsurface and for estimating the aquifer parameters required in the optimization design of remediation strategies. Many previous studies demonstrated that the injected solute firstly experienced a mixing process in the injection wellbore, then entered a skin zone after leaving the injection wellbore, and finally moved into the aquifer through advective, diffusive, dispersive, and chemical–biological–radiological processes. In this study, a physically based new model and the associated analytical solutions in the Laplace domain are developed by considering the mixing effect, skin effect, scale effect, aquitard effect, and media heterogeneity (in which the solute transport is described in a mobile–immobile framework). This new model is tested against a finite-element numerical model and experimental data. The results demonstrate that the new model performs better than previous models of radial dispersion in interpreting the experimental data. To prioritize the influences of different parameters on the breakthrough curves, a sensitivity analysis is conducted. The results show that the model is sensitive to the mobile porosity and wellbore volume, and the sensitivity coefficient of the wellbore volume increases with the well radius, while it decreases with increasing distance from the wellbore. The new model represents the most recent advancement in radial dispersion study, incorporating many essential processes not considered in previous investigations.
Model-simulated hydroclimate in the East Asian summer monsoon region during past and future climate: a pilot study with a moisture source perspective
Authors: Fremme Astrid , Hezel Paul J. , Seland Øyvind , Sodemann Harald
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Here we present a pilot study of the sensitivity of summer monsoon precipitation in the Yangtze River Valley (YRV; 110–122∘ E and 27–33∘ N, eastern China) to climatic boundary conditions from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), pre-industrial conditions, and the Representative Concentration Pathway 6 emission scenario from two different climate models. Using a quantitative Lagrangian moisture source diagnostic based on backward trajectories, we are able to interpret changes in precipitation amount and seasonality in terms of processes at the source regions and during transport that contribute to YRV precipitation. Thereby, we gain insight into influential processes and characteristics related to precipitation variability and the sensitivity of the summer monsoon hydroclimate in East Asia to boundary-condition changes in models. Comparing 10-year time slices similar to present-day conditions from the NorESM1-M and CAM5.1 models to reanalysis data reveals overall similar moisture source regions, albeit with a tendency for a more local precipitation origin in the climate models. The general characteristics of the moisture sources and moisture transport in the YRV are relatively stable across different climate forcings, both concerning the mean location of source regions, transport distance, and the relative contributions of moisture from land and ocean areas. Changes regarding regional precipitation contributions from the East Asian continent indicate that precipitation recycling responds to different climate forcings. We interpret these findings such that models to first order respond with a scaling rather than reorganisation of the hydroclimate to climatic forcing, while land–atmosphere interactions play an important, but secondary, role. If the model simulations are accurate, the moisture source regions and thus the general processes of precipitation in the YRV could remain relatively stable across different climates. However, some differences in moisture source conditions are larger between the different climate models than between different climatic boundary conditions in the same model. It may therefore be possible that current climate models underestimate the potential for non-linear responses to changing boundary conditions, for example due to precipitation recycling. Although limited by the relatively short analysis period, our findings demonstrate that the diagnosis of moisture sources provides a useful additional perspective for understanding and quantifying precipitation mechanisms and the hydroclimate simulated by models and enables more detailed evaluation of model simulations, for example using paleoclimate records.
Political Risk and Deal Completion Likelihood
Authors: Rouine Ibtissem
Published: May 2023

This study examines the impact of political risk on the likelihood of takeover completion and on deal duration. Using a sample of US deals between 2002 and 2019, we find a negative and significant relationship between the takeover completion likelihood and the bidder’s political risk. Our findings also suggest that firms take more time to complete deals when the bidders face higher political risk. As firm-level political risk breeds uncertainty, bidders faced with higher political risk are more likely to cancel bids before closing and delay deal completion. Political shocks can expose acquirers to default risk and make it costly for bidders to raise external funds to undertake mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Our results are robust, after controlling for potential endogeneity concerns.
Implementación de Estrategias de Marketing de Servicios para el Relanzamiento del Complejo Chorrillos en Cercado Cochabamba
Authors: Velásquez Álvarez Leslie Dayanira
Published: May 2023

El presente artículo expone los resultados del proyecto que tuvo como objetivo diseñar estrategias de marketing de servicios para el relanzamiento del Complejo Chorrillos en Cercado-Cochabamba. Se recolectó información sobre la situación y la percepción que tienen los clientes actuales y potenciales con respecto al servicio que ofrecen los complejos o balnearios, se desarrolló un estudio de carácter cuantitativo - cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo. El número de encuestas realizadas en la investigación de mercados fueron de 358, las cuales fueron divididas según criterio de la propia investigadora según cuotas por rangos de edad. El principal objetivo para la implementación de estrategias de marketing de servicios para el relanzamiento del Complejo Chorrillos fue poder incrementar las ventas del complejo, así como también poder satisfacer una necesidad no satisfecha del cliente actual y potencial, se obtuvo como resultado que el proyecto es factible, el valor actual neto es positivo, lo que demuestra que si la propuesta se pondría en marcha es rentable trabajando con una tasa de interés del 12,67% anual y que se tiene un excedente de Bs. 39.161.
RESPONSIBILITAS PENYELENGGARA PEMILU DALAM PENANGANAN PENYELENGGARAAN PEMILU
Authors: Rahmawati Restu
Published: May 2023

Tulisan ini akan mengkaji tentang Responsibilitas Penyelenggara Pemilu dalam Penanganan Pelanggaraan Pemilu. Adapun fokus tulisan ini yakni terkait dengan Gerakan Sejuta Relawan Pengawas Pemilu (GSRPP) sebagai bentuk responsibilitas Bawaslu dalam Penanganan Pelanggaran Pemilu dengan melihat pemilu 2014. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat sejauhmana Gerakan Sejuta Relawan Pengawas Pemilu ini mampu menunjang optimalisasi kinerja Bawaslu Propinsi DKI Jakarta dalam mengawal proses pemilihan umum, dan untuk menganalisis sisi lain dari GSRPP sehingga dari analisis ini akan dijadikan catatan penting bagi Bawaslu terkait bagaimana mengelola dan mengkoordinir Gerakan Sejuta Relawan Pengawas Pemilu (GSRPP). Metodologi penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pengumpulan datanya menggunakan library research. Intinya penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa Gerakan Sejuta Relawan Pengawas Pemilu merupakan gerakan pengawalan pemilu 2014 oleh masyarakat di seluruh Indonesia. Gerakan ini merupakan terobosan yang dilakukan Bawaslu untuk meminimalisir pelanggaran pemilu. Namun, yang harus menjadi catatan, adalah keberadaan GSRPP ini harus dikoordinir dan dilatih dengan baik oleh Bawaslu. Jangan sampai sisi lain GSRPP ini dibuat karena bentuk ketidakmampuan dan ketidaksiapan Bawaslu bekerja dalam mengungkap berbagai pelanggaran pemilu di tingkat akar rumput. Sehingga pada akhirnya pelajar dan mahasiswa pengawas hanya sebagai tumbal demokrasi.
UPAYA INDONESIA MENCAPAI TARGET SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS BIDANG PENDIDIKAN DI KECAMATAN SEKAYAM KABUPATEN SANGGAU KALIMANTAN BARAT (2014-2019)
Authors: Sudagung Adityo Darmawan , Putri Veronica , Evan Joy , Sasiva Ivan , Olifiani Laras Putri
Published: May 2023

Tulisan ini bertujuan mengelaborasi upaya yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia era Joko Widodo untuk mencapai pemenuhan target Sustainable Development Goals di bidang pendidikan, khususnya di Kecamatan Sekayam. Kondisi pendidikan yang belum merata di Indonesia meskipun secara kuantitas pencapaian Millenium Development Goals sudah memenuhi target. Kecamatan Sekayam sebagai daerah yang masuk di kawasan perbatasan menjadi rentan karena terdapat godaan-godaan untuk terus menikmati pelayanan sosial dan ekonomi dari negara tetangga. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif yang menggunakan analisis konsep pembangunan dalam studi Hubungan Internasional dan human security. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa negara sudah berupaya hadir memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat atas pendidikan. Diibuktikan dengan upaya pemerintah pusat dan daerah dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembangunan pendidikan. Tetapi, faktor kordinasi lintas instansi masih menjadi momok yang perlu ditanggulangi. Kebutuhan akan kualitas SDM yang baik melalui pendidikan akan sangat bermanfaat bagi kualitas pembangunan Indonesia menuju Agenda SDGs 2030.
ASÍ SUENA LA HISTORIA: El Frankenstein de las sociedades occidentales contemporáneas
Authors:   Universidad Unicatólica Cali, Blanco Ospina Clara Mercedes , Correa Ortíz Nestor David ,   Universidad Unicatólica Cali
Published: May 2023

Este libro pretende llevar las experiencias plasmadas en Onda Lumen a una nueva dimensión, esta vez ya no con un perfil meramente divulgativo y lúdico, sino con pretensiones investigativas. Por esta razón, se empleará bajo el método arqueológicogenealógico desarrollado por Michel Foucault para analizar algunos de los hitos de la historia universal desde la posguerra hasta nuestros días, convirtiendo las diversas manifestaciones de la música popular y las estéticas emergentes que arrastra consigo (moda, carátulas, imagen, publicidad) en monumentos de archivo, para construir una arqueología alrededor de las transformaciones culturales. La pretensión es hacer una crítica a la llamada historia de las mentalidades1 y proponer una visión contingente de la historia, en el sentido que aquello que la jalonaría no es una dinámica ciega, ni un telos metafísico, sino la capacidad transformadora de la expresión cultural, la posibilidad del individuo (muchas veces anónimo como motor de cambio) y la incorporación del arte como instrumento de transformación histórica y a la vez como termómetro indicador de esa transformación.
Adaptation of the employer brand of a Ukrainian company in the EU market during the full-scale russian-Ukrainian war
Authors: Dzhulai Maryna
Published: May 2023

This study is relevant because the impact of the opening of offices of Ukrainian companies in the EU on the adaptation of their value proposition as an employer has not been investigated in the scientific community. There is no information about the migration of Ukrainians as a result of the russian-Ukrainian war and how it affected the marketof Poland, Germany, and the Czech Republic. The purpose of the study is to suggest ways to adapt the employer brandto the requirements of the EU labour market. The study is based on the results of two audience surveys in Ukraine andEU countries in 2022. The number of respondents to the Ukrainian audience of candidates is 1,003 respondents. The EU respondents were recruiters and HR managers – 253 companies with more than 1,000 employees each. Both forms used closed-ended questions. The analytical method was used to determine the main trends in the EU labour market,the graphical method was used to display the results of analysis, and expert assessments are used to evaluate the valuep roposition. As a result of the study, the main differences in the value proposition of Ukraine were identified: ensuring the smooth operation of the office in conditions of blackouts, the safety of the team during air alarms, support forthe Armed Forces of Ukraine or internally displaced persons. For EU candidates, the requirements include a policyof equality for all colleagues and candidates. At the same time, a remote work format is a prerequisite for candidates for employment in the company. It is noted that the reputation and compliance with legal requirements should becovered in the company’s social networks in order to build trust among the local population in the Ukrainian company.Ukrainian IT companies have increased their level of competition for talent in local markets due to the opening of newoffices abroad. Instagram Facebook, LinkedIn, and Instagram are the top social networks for building an employerbrand. The practical significance of the study is to adapt the value proposition of a Ukrainian employer to the market requirements of Poland, the Czech Republic, and Germany
“Plenty of Vaccines, but Not Enough Arms”: A Social-Ecological Approach to COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Rural US Communities
Authors: Smollin Leandra , Lubitow Amy
Published: May 2023

This article leads off the special issue’s first section on _Health, Mental Health, and Well-Being

Today Among Marginalized Populations_. It draws from multiple disciplines to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in rural areas of the United States. Presenting a synthesis of literature on rural vaccine hesitancy and emerging research and scientific opinion on COVID 19, we identify likely factors in rural decision-making about COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccination is underway, with plans to provide access to every U.S. resident. However, polls suggest vaccine hesitancy may compromise our ability to reach the goal of herd immunity, and rural residents express more hesitancy than their urban and suburban counterparts. Drawing on Thomson et al.’s (2016) identification of five dimensions of vaccine uptake, we use a social-ecological approach to propose actions to increase vaccine acceptance on individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and cultural levels. This conceptual paper is a starting point for rural health and human services administrators and practitioners seeking to reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in their communities in this early stage of COVID-19 vaccination.
I Don’t See Color: Barriers to Black American Mental Health
Authors: Pouncy Taylor
Published: May 2023

Understanding historical trauma and “seeing color,” that is, acknowledging a client’s race, is important to adequately address mental health within the Black American community. Whereas many practitioners have tended to embrace the idea of a “colorblind” society, this article explores how it can be harmful for human services practitioners to approach services with Black American clients in a manner that does not address the racial trauma they continue to endure. The term “Black American,” as used for this article, refers to Black American descendants of American slavery. However, Black Americans are not a monolith and there is cultural variation within the population. This article aims to encourage human services practitioners to adjust their approach to Black American and other non-White clients of color in a manner that is culturally sensitive.
Empowerment Pathways: A Mitigation Approach to Adolescent and Youth Racial Stress in Marginalized Populations
Authors: Robins Lauren B. , Cannedy Megan , Kerrigan Rachel , Suggs Brittany G.
Published: May 2023

Racial unrest recently has been incessant. In response, this conceptual contribution explores a prevention-based program for African American adolescents and youth to aid in their navigation through ubiquitous racial unrest and persistent mental health adversities. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on racial injustice and presents information regarding race-based traumatic stressors and adverse mental health outcomes. The prevention-based program that was created in response to the apparent racial unrest among African American youth and adolescents is presented and explored. The goal of this conceptual article is to raise awareness of this issue, provide practical steps to combat racial injustice, and increase prevention initiatives.
Therapeutic Mentoring for Multiply Marginalized Youth: A Grounded Theory Study of Mentors’ Adaptation During the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Stark Cortny , Wehrman Joe , Stutey Diane , Solis Abby , Severn Kim , Cammell Molly , Gloden Hailey , Enkler Kodi , Notestine Lori , Palacios Alfredo
Published: May 2023

The Campus Connections (CC) therapeutic youth mentoring program provides multiply marginalized youth with access to resources (e.g., highly trained undergraduate student mentors, therapeutic interventions) to thrive. In this study, the researchers investigated the distinctive encounter that mentors and their mentees within the CC program experienced as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The qualitative data collected from the mentors’ weekly written reflections, and semi structured interviews were coded using Grounded Theory Method (GTM). Findings describe an adaptive process with three connecting themes of: Initial stress response of mentors, transition to online programming, and the mentorship process. The findings have important implications for youth mentoring programs using virtual platforms.
Bioinspired Soft Robotics for Sustainability
Authors: Mazzolai Barbara
Published: May 2023

The advancement of technology has a profound and far-reaching impact on society, currently penetrating all areas of life. This advance, however, often negatively affects our ecosystems, with growing demands on energy, contributions to greenhouse gas emissions, and environmental pollution. Mitigating these adverse effects is among the grand challenges of our times and provides a strong motivation to push the research frontier on materials and robotics. A new wave of eco-friendly robots is envisioned by merging bioinspired soft robotics, material science, nanocomposite technologies, and environmental science.

Taking inspiration from natural systems can provide new insights for designing the next generation robots and rethinking robot bodies, control, and interactions with humans/world over their entire life (i.e., a robotics life cycle). These “green robots” will operate in unstructured environments for environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, reforestation, biodiversity protection, and remediation.

With this vision in mind, this talk will present some of our results on plant- and soft animal-inspired robots with high morphological adaptability, distributed sensory systems, as well as energy-saving mechanisms, which are able to operate in natural habitats while minimizing waste and reducing their environmental footprint.
Meniscal extrusion: risk factors and diagnostic tools to predict early osteoarthritis
Authors: Papalia Giuseppe Francesco , Za Pierangelo , Saccone Luca , Franceschetti Edoardo , Zampogna Biagio , Vasta Sebastiano , Papalia Rocco
Published: May 2023

Meniscal extrusion (ME) is strongly correlated with cartilage wear and osteoarthritis (OA), be-cause of the altered kinematic and the decreased contact area between the tibia and femur. The aim of this narrative review is to analyze the process of ME, focusing on the possible causes, and to evaluate the correlation between ME and knee OA, in order to provide early diagnosis and treatments. Studies written in English that analyzed the causes of ME, provided indications re-garding diagnosis and treatment, and evaluated the relation between ME and early OA were in-cluded. Injuries, degeneration of the meniscal substance and meniscus root tears are associated with significantly increased ME. An extruded meniscus could be a manifestation of other pa-thologies such as disruption of coronary ligaments, cartilage loss, knee malalignment, ligament injuries, or OA. ME is strongly associated with osteoarthritis features, particularly with bone marrow lesion and cartilage damage. Magnetic resonance imaging represents the gold standard for the detection of ME. The severity of the medial meniscus extrusion may also affect healing af-ter repair, and meniscus extrusion is not completely reduced by meniscus posterior root tear re-pair. In this study, we proved that ME represents an important risk factor for early knee OA. We provided alternative theories of ME, such as meniscal fibers injury first and “dynamic extrusion of the menisci”. The phenomenon of aging has been described as a new concept in the etiology of ME. Finally, we stated all the main techniques and characteristics of the diagnostic process, as well as the current knowledge in the therapeutic field.
“Nay, is there not a pathos in their very insignificance?”: Συμπάθεια in “The Sad Fortunes of the Reverend Amos Barton”
Authors: Caballero Juan de Dios Torralbo
Published: May 2023

This article examines “The Sad Fortunes of the Reverend Amos Barton,” paying particular attention to the hardships endured by his wife and the toll they take on her. In many ways, Amelia Barton is the archetypal Victorian housewife and mother, and a synecdoche of female domesticity. When she dies at the age of thirty-five, her role is taken up by her eldest daughter. Patty is nine years old at the start of the narrative, appearing as a thirty-year-old woman in the conclusion. The central premise of this article is to demonstrate that the premature death of Amelia stands as an emphatic condemnation of the established gendered roles firmly embedded in Victorian society; it is a powerful challenge to the contemporary status quo with regard to the role of women, both within the family and in society in general. The study applies the ideas of contemporary figures—thinkers such as Ruskin, and poets such as Tennyson—regarding Victorian gendered roles (gentlemanliness, womanliness, female self-restraint). It also explores the concepts of pathos and sympátheia in relation to “The Sad Fortunes,” as well as examining the text in terms of the author’s own conception of the novel.
Formulation and quality characteristics of macaroni substituted with chickpea and banana flour
Authors: Thuy Nguyen Minh , Yen Tran Hai , Tien Vo Quoc , Giau Tran Ngoc , Minh Vo Quang , Tai Ngo Van
Published: May 2023

The objective of this study was to develop macaroni products from chickpea and green bananas flours by partial substitution wheat flour in order to improve the nutritional composition of the product in the direction of increasing the content of resistant starch, fiber, ash and high quality protein. Four macaroni formulas were established with the control recipe. In five designed recipes, the amount of flour used was gradually reduced from 100% to 70%, while the amount of chickpea and green banana flour substituted increased from 0% to 16% and 0% to 14%, corresponding. The physicochemical characteristics including cooking quality, microstructure, color and nutritional characteristics of macaroni were evaluated. Sensory evaluation of the products created from the formulations was also carried out. The research results have shown that substituting chickpea flour and green banana flour in macaroni formulations affected the physical and chemical properties of the final product. Among the 5 designed formulations, the F3 formula replacing wheat flour with 13% chickpea flour and 10% green banana flour was selected as this product improved the desired nutritional properties. The macaroni product made from the F3 formula contained higher levels of protein, resistant starch, lipids, ash and fiber than the control sample, while the lower carbohydrates have been noted. The rehydration rates, volume gain and cooking loss of F3 product were recorded at values of 67.3%, 91.45% and 3.77%, respectively. The highest number of sensory assessors preferred (80-100%) to the F3 product compared to the macaroni products made up of the remaining formulations.
Professional Medical Exams: Patient Engagement and Ethico-Legal A Considerations
Authors: Rahimoon Abdul Ghani , Shah Syed Zulfiquar Ali , Shabir Kashifullah , Memon Saba , Raza Samar , Uzair Surhan , Arain Sabiha
Published: May 2023

Patients have been part of medical education since recruits trained. Healthcare students learn by seeing several patients. They should examine patients well to pass their finals. Live patients have been considered to validate undergraduate assessment more than actors and manikins and abnormal findings1. They reduce the requirement for skepticism when studying simulated patients. Staff, candidates, and patients approve of patients evaluating final-year students' skills2. Real patients are cheap and sometimes available. Patients now are engaged in undergraduate and postgraduate education and evaluation. The legal and moral rights and obligations of participants in educational settings are not well established3.
Complications Rate of Conventional Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in a tertiary care center
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Ullah Maryam Ikram , Farooq Khalid , Azam Akbar , Bibi Romana
Published: May 2023

Aim: To observe the complication rate of conventional percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in a tertiary care Hospital. Methods: This Retrospective study conducted from January 2016 to January 2020 in the Department of Urology at Lady Reading Hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan.The research included a total of 449 patients who underwent conventional PCNL.Non-contrast CT KUB was performed on all patients before surgery. After passing 6fr Ureteric catheter through a cystoscope in lithotomy position patient was then shifted into prone position. Under the guidance of fluoroscopy, all procedures were carried out while the patient was lying flat and conventional 30FR amplatz sheath was used as working channel. Results: Complications were reported in 46.9% of cases.The majority of the complications occurred in patients with clavien grades I and II, with 120(27%) and 54(12%) patients, respectively. In Grade I complicationstransient feveroccurred in 67(15%) patients treated with antipyretics while 53(12%) patients had nephrostomy site leakage managed with simple pressure dressing at bed site. In grade II complication 45(10%) patients had bleeding which required transfusion and 9(2%) patients developed sepsis treated with parenteral antibiotics. 10(2%) patients developed grade IIIa complication such as persistent bleeding in 4(0.8%) patients managed with percutaneous angioembolization and 6(1.2%) patients required percutaneous drainage of perinephric collection. 25(5.5%) patients had grade IIIb complications, in 24( 5.3%) patients DJ stenting was done for PCS injury or persistent leakage from nephrostomy site while 1(0.2%) patient needed colostomy for colonic injury. Conclusion: The chance of serious complications during percutaneous nephrolithotomy is very minimal. It is also safe, cost effective and well-tolerated. Transient fever or nephrostomy site leakage are the most frequently occurring minor complications often subside spontaneously. Keywords: Nephrostomy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Anatomical Variations of Gerdy’s Tubercle: The Distal Attachment Site of the Iliotibial Tract
Authors: Siddique Asma , Qureshi Fariha , Din Hafiz Moeen-Ud- , Hashim Roomana , Umar Muhammad , Afzal Ayesha
Published: May 2023

Background: Morphometric evaluation of Gerdy’s tubercle located on upper end of tibia has very significant role in orthopedics for the treatment and surgeries of total knee replacement. A triangular facet known as Gerdy’s tubercle is located on the lateral tibial condyle. Aim: To analyze and evaluate the variations in size, shape, prominence and localization of Gerdy’s tubercle in dry human tibial bones. Study Design: Cross sectional morphological study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Akhtar Saeed Medical & Dental College Lahore from 1st July 2022 to 31st December 2022. Methodology: To record the variations of Gerdy’s tubercle in this research work, 50 dry human tibial bones were obtained. Morphologically shape and bony prominence of this tubercle was noted. Vernier caliper and ruler were used to measure the diameter and localization of the tubercle. Results: The calculated mean diameter of Gerdy’s tubercle irrespective of the side of tibia was 12.5±2.85mm. This tubercle on tibia was noted as triangular in shape in 60% bones and oval in 30% and irregular in 10%. The surface prominence of Gerdy’s tubercle was observed to be rough in 20%, smooth in 80% of the total bones. For localization of the tubercle, the distance measured between the tibial tuberosity to the Gerdy’s tubercle. It was 54.5±6 mm on all total bones. Conclusion: The present study provides the morphological and morphometrical evaluation of the variations in Gerdy’s tubercle on upper end of tibial bones, furnishing an anatomical correlation of these anatomical information of the tubercle with the orthopedic and radiological manifestations. Keywords: Tibial anterolateral facet, Gerdy’s tubercle, Localization of Gerdy’s tubercle, Anatomical variations
Frequency of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Young (≤45 years) patients presenting with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bullo Naeemullah , Aziz Aaisha , Afzal Munir
Published: May 2023

Aim: To determine the frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia in young (≤ 45 years) patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke at Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Neurology and Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Karachi from 1st February 2021 to 31st July 2021. Patients' data was collected after a verbal consent was obtained. The diagnostic criteria were met by 119 cases. Results: Mean age, duration of acute ischemic stroke, body mass index, height, weight and homocysteine level were 38.41±4.58 years, 6.54±3.91 hours, 28.66±3.51 kg/m2, 151±10.25 cm, 71.8±11.69 kg and 10.7±3.42 µmol/L. Fifty four (45.4%) and 65 (54.6%) were male and female. Fifty nine (49.6%) and 60 (50.4%) had and did not have hyperhomocysteinemia. Conclusion: 49.6% of young stroke patients had hyperhomocysteinaemia, a modifiable risk factor for ischemic stroke. Therefore close monitoring of patients must be done in all patients with regular follow-up. Keywords: Acute ischemic stroke, Young patients, Hyperhomocysteinemia
Barriers Face by Nurses Regarding Proper Nursing Documentation at Teaching Hospitals Peshawar Pakistan
Authors: Bibi Afrooz , Naz Najma , . Barkatullah , Ali Sardar , Awan Muhammad Naeem , Sultan Amir
Published: May 2023

Aim: To explore the barriers faced by nursing staff in proper nursing documentation at the tertiary care hospital of Peshawar Pakistan. Methodology: A qualitative case-study design was used, having a 12 sample size as a result of data saturation, while the data was collected using purposive sampling technique in the two tertiary care hospital of Peshawar. The data was collected in the November 2022. A semi-structure interview was conducted with each participant using a topic guide where the interview lasts for 60 to 90 minutes. The data was translated from Urdu to English, while the thematic analysis based on Braun and Clarke six steps used for analysis. The study was approved by the advance studies and research board and ethical review board of Khyber medical university Peshawar. Results: Four themes were emerged that was individual issues, incompetence’s in documentation, technical issues and organizational issues. Conclusion: The study indicates that documentation is vital component of quality care that are affected by shortage of staff, lack of training, heavy workload, managerial issues like verbal commands, ambiguous writing, individual issues like lack of motivation, coordination, time and knowledge, and software and hardware issues create challenges for nurses in their documentation. Keywords: Nursing documentation, nursing practice, barriers, nursing staff
Comparison between Partial Newmann Flap Versus Modified Partial Newmann Flap in Mandibular Third Molar Surgery
Authors: Sharma R. P. Chooni Lal , Nadeem Mujtaba , Mahmood Arslan , Jamal M. Uzair , Punjabi S. Kumar , Zaidi S. Aijaz Ali , Shams Salman
Published: May 2023

Aim: To compare the outcomes of two different flap techniques, namely the Partial Newmann Flap (FNP) and the Modified Partial Newmann Flap (MPNF), in surgical extraction of mandibular third molars. Methods: This randomised clinical study included 186 participants, 93 each group. The research comprised male and female patients aged 20–45 with lower mesioangular impacted third molar till 18–21. Patients with vertically impacted wisdom teeth, disto-angular impaction, horizontal impaction, pregnancy, trismus, pericoronitis, and oral submucous fibrosis were excluded. The student t-test compared mouth opening across groups, whereas the chi-square test compared discomfort and edoema. Results: The mean age of the participants was 32.17±8.30 years. On the first day, the MPNF group reported significantly less moderate pain (34.41%) compared to the NPF group (56.99%) (p=0.001). On the third day, the MPNF group reported significantly more mild pain (55.91%) and less severe pain (1.08%) compared to the NPF group, which reported less mild pain (49.46%) and more severe pain (7.53%) (p=0.028). Similarly, mouth opening was significantly higher in the MPNF group than the NPF group on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th day. Swelling was significantly less in the MPNF group than the NPF group on the 1st and 3rd day. Conclusion: The Modified Partial Newmann Flap may be a better alternative compared to the Partial Newmann Flap in terms of pain, swelling, and mouth opening during the disimpaction of lower third molars. Keywords: Partial Newmann Flap, Modified Partial Newmann Flap, Mandibular Third Molar
Medical Therapy to Facilitate Urinary Stone Passage
Authors: Jamil Muhammad Nasir , Shahzad Muhammad , Ashraf Hamza , Islam Ehsan Ul
Published: May 2023

Background: Urinary stones are now a worldwide problem due to a rise in occurrence over the past few decades. All racial and cultural groups have experienced this. Complex metabolic and environmental risk factors are both involved in the pathogenetic pathways of stone production. This disease affects roughly 12% of the world's population. Its recurrence rate is about 70% in men and 47% in women. Urinary stones have significantly increased in prevalence over the past 20 years, becoming a global disease. Aim: This review covers literature on the medical therapy of urolithiasis to facilitate urinary stone passage and their mechanism of action in the light of the new data on the diagnosis and different types of urinary tract stones. Method: A preliminary search of related articles was obtained from three online databases PubMed, Sci.hub and Google scholar whichwere used to conduct a systematic evaluation of the literature. Inclusion and exclusion criteria screened the initial search results, and 67 papers were chosen to be appropriate for this literature review following careful reading, analysis, and evaluation. Results: Different methods of medical therapy (phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, alpha blockers, calcium blockers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and different types of surgical procedures (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy,ureteroscopy)were thoroughly reviewed but among all of them the expulsion rate to remove the urinary stone was found to be larger and faster in calcium channel blocker (CI 1.33-1.66) and alpha blockers(CI 1.152–7.45). Practical implications: Medical therapies facilitate the urinary-stone passagebut these therapies are not generally used. The choices for treating urinary stones are expanded by these techniques. Patients with big ureteral stones have had better results with medical expulsive therapy.Removing the urinary stones also decreases the chances of other diseases which happened as a result of urinary stone. There are many benefits of medical expulsive therapy which are diverse in nature andthis therapy minimizes the exposure to anesthesia and radiations. Conclusion: Different surgical procedures are used to remove the stones from the urinary passage. Despite of surgical procedures, medical expulsive therapy are more helpful. Alpha-blockers and calcium channel blockers are the main medical expulsive therapies for primary evacuation of urinary tract stones. Keywords: Urolithiasis, Urinary tract stones, Medical expulsive treatment.
Comparison of MMR Vaccine V/S 5-Fluorouracil in Treatment of Palmo-plantar Warts
Authors: Rafique Saira , Hassan Tahir , Khurram Shahzad Muhammad , Hanif Nazia , Rafique Sarwar , Rafique Sumaira
Published: May 2023

Background: Human papilloma virus is a large group of DNA containing viruses that infect squamous epithelium of skin or uncornified mucous membrane. Aim: To compare the outcomes of MMR vaccine V/S 5 fluorouracil in treatment of palmo-plantar warts in patients among male and female patients. Study Design: Experimental study. Methodology: In order to collect the data, simple random sampling technique was used. Enrolled patients (n=102) were divided into two groups. Group-A received intra-lesional MMR vaccine (0.1-0.5mal) while other group received intra-lesional 5-Fluorouracil (0.1-0.5mal) injection. Both groups received intra-lesional injections in warts at 2 weekly interval for 3 months. SPSS v 23 evaluated data. Chi-square test was used to compare the gender distribution, results, responder and recurrence between both groups with p-value less than 0.05 as significant. Results: Mean age of the patients of group A was 30.5 ± 6.0 and the mean age of patients of group B was 28.2 ± 8.7 years. In Group A, 33 patients (58.9%) were responders, while in Group B, 43 patients (76.8%) were responders. P-value (0.043) suggested that the difference in response rate between the two groups was statistically significant. Practical Implication: This study compared the efficacy of two different treatment options that were commonly used in palmo-planter warts management. Secondly, it added to local literature regarding their efficacy in comparison to each-other. Conclusion: It was concluded that intra-lesional 5-FU was more safe and effective treatment in comparison to injection MMR for palmo-planter warts as it showed high response rate with low recurrence. Keywords: Efficacy, MMR Vaccine, Response Rate, 5-Flourouracil and Intra-lesional Injection.
Frequency of Hypomagnesemia in Neonates presenting with Hypocalcemia in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Ejaz Nadia , Karim Sumera Abdul , Pervaiz Faiza , Ejaz Arwa , Nargis Misbah , Talib Shumaila
Published: May 2023

Background: Hypocalcemia is a common neonatal occurrence, especially in neonates with high-risk including those babies born to diabetic mothers, neonates with perinatal asphyxia and premature babies. High calcium consumption can reduce magnesium absorption, while low magnesium intake can boost calcium absorption. Aim: To assess the frequency of hypo-magnesemia in neonates presenting with hypocalcemia in a tertiary care hospital. Design study: Cross sectional study. Methodology: Total 160 fulfilling the inclusion criteria at Services Hospital, Lahore were enrolled through non-probability convenience sampling. Gestational age, birth weight, gender and feeding pattern) were noted. Blood sample was obtained by using 3cc BD syringe and 20G butterfly needle with the help of a nurse under sterile measures. All clotted samples were stored and sent to the Pathology lab for the assessment of magnesium level. Reports were assessed and if magnesium level<0.7mmol/L, then hypomagnesemia was labeled. Data was evaluated by using SPSS v.24. Quantitative data was presented as mean±SD. Qualitative data was presented as frequency and percentage. Chi-square test was applied with P-value ≤0.05 taken as significant. Results: In this study, there were 75 (46.9%) male and 85 (53.1%) female neonates. The mean gestational age of neonates was 39.20±1.63weeks. The mean birth weight of neonates was 2.5±3.0kg. There were 46 (28.8%) who were on exclusive breast feeding, 55 (34.4%) were on formula feed while 59 (36.9%) were on both; breast and formula feed. The mean magnesium level of neonates was 0.90±0.63mmol/L. There were 113(70.6%) neonates with hypomagnesemia while 47 (29.4%) had normal magnesium level. Practical Implication: Literature has reported that the frequency of hypomagnesemia is high in neonates with hypocalcemia. In Pakistan there is little local evidence available in this regard. The information gained through this study will help to improve our clinical practice and to update guidelines for early screening and management of infants with hypocalcemia with co-existence hypomagnesemia. Conclusion: It was concluded that the frequency of hypo-magnesemia was high in neonates with hypo-calcemia in local population. Keywords: Prevalence, Calcium, Electrolytes Imbalance and Neonates.
Outcome with Methotrexate versus Expectant Management for Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Sattar Ayesha Abdul , Nadeem Sumaira , Fatima Madiha , Rafique Samia
Published: May 2023

Background: Patients with ectopic pregnancy and low serum β-HCG concentrations are commonly treated with systemic methotrexate. Aim: To compare the outcome of methotrexate versus expectant management for females presenting with ectopic pregnancy. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Methodology: Females with ectopic pregnancy (n=140) were enrolled in study. Blood sample was taken and beta-HCG was noted. Then females were randomly divided in two groups by using lottery method. In group A, females were given methotrexate. In group B, females were given expectant management and not received any specific treatment. Then females were followed-up for 24 hours for assessment of decline in HCG was labeled. If HCG was not declined or even increase, then females underwent surgical intervention. Data was evaluated by using SPSS v.24. Results: The mean age of patients randomized to methotrexate group was 31.24±8.85years while in expectant management group was 29.94±8.02 years. In methotrexate group, 67(95.7%) females had decline in beta-HCG while 3(4.3%) had no decline in beta-HCG. In expectant management group, 37(52.9%) females had decline in beta-HCG while 33(47.1%) had no decline in beta-HCG. Practical Implication: As there is a high incidence of ectopic pregnancies among our pregnant females and there is lack of local data that specifically addresses this health issue thus current study was planned. Conclusion: It was concluded that methotrexate is an effective way to treat ectopic pregnancy with less chances of complications. Keywords: Ectopic Pregnancy, Methotrexate, Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Surgical Intervention.
Accurate mathematical modeling of electronic load harmonics using machine learning software
Authors: Al-Subhi Ahmad
Published: May 2023

This paper presents accurate mathematical models for several power system harmonics problems using an efficient machine learning tool, Eureqa. Three previously published research papers that included actual field measurements have been chosen to compare and assess the harmonics mathematical models presented in this paper. Following that, mathematical models of the output parameters as functions of the input parameters have been developed based on these data. For all these different research works and experiments, a total of 17 mathematical models have been built using basic curve fitting tools. Most of these proposed models couldn’t fit the experimental data appropriately. Considerable error is observed for several models. In this paper, all these 17 problems are formulated using Eureqa software utilizing the same data presented in the discussed research works. Very accurate fitting capability to the experimental data is achieved using Eureqa, where almost near zero error is reached for the majority of the proposed models. The maximum mean absolute error (MAPE) among all developed models was 0.13% as opposed to 24% for the models presented in the literature.
Harris Hawks Approach for Distinct Economic Dispatch Problems
Authors: ALI E.
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a nature-inspired optimization paradigm is suggested, which is called Harris Hawks Approach (HHA). The main inspiration of HHA is the cooperative behavior and chasing style of Harris’ hawks in nature called surprise pounce. In this intelligent strategy, diverse hawks cooperatively pounce victim from distinct directions in an attempt to surprise it. Harris hawks can detect a variety of chasing patterns based on the dynamic nature of scenarios and escaping styles of the victim. HHA is developed for solving the Economic Dispatch (ED) process. Since the ED is a non-linear, complex and constrained optimization process, its main objective is to reduce the total generation cost while matching the equality and inequality constraints of the system. To prove the

capabilities of the developed HHA, several test systems including 6, 13, 40 and 10 units have been implemented and tested for solving various ED problems. The simulation results illustrate the strength of the HHA compared with other algorithms recently reported in literature.
Modified Model for the Moon Sighting and Phases
Authors: Hafez Gamal
Published: May 2023

The modified moon sighting model is developed from the basic moon sighting model by adopting more phases. The preference of the new model is proved by its ability to predict extra three moon phases, first quarter, last quarter and dark moon. The modified model predicts the start date of 18 lunar months, from March 2022 to July 2023. The results of the new modified model correct the results of the basic model in 3 months, Dul-Hejjah 1443 H and Safar and Rabi-Second 1444 H. The comparisons of the new model 18 results are performed against the available results of different 3 references. The improved results of the new model are concluded by achieving the highest agreement rate of 79.2% with no single odd-result. The calendar of the modified moon sighting model is presented in a new innovative format..
ALGORITHMS FOR CONSTRUCTION, CLASSIFICATION AND ENUMERATION OF CLOSED KNIGHT’S PATHS
Authors:   Technical University of Gabrovo (Bulgaria), Kapralov Stoyan , Bakoev Valentin ,   “St. Cyril and St. Methodius” University of VelikoTarnovo, Bulgaria, Kapralov Kaloyan ,   Bulgaria
Published: May 2023

Two algorithms for constructing all closed knight’s paths of lengths up to 16 are presented. An approach for classification (up to equivalence) of all such paths is considered. Two closed knight’s paths are called equivalent if one can be obtained from the other by applying one or more of the equivalences: translation, rotation, symmetry, or when the corresponding polygons (whose vertices are the cells visited by the knight), are geometrically congruent. By applying the construction algorithms and classification approach, we enumerate both nonequivalent and non-self-intersecting knight’s paths and show the obtained results. Some pedagogical aspects related to the problems under consideration and the teaching of subjects such as “Programming”, “Algorithms and Data Structures”, “Graph Algorithms” and “Competitive Programming” are also discussed.