bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
URGENSI MAJELIS TAKLIM SEBAGAI LEMBAGA DAKWAH DI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Mujahidin Mujahidin
Published: February 2019

The existence of majlis taklim in society becomes very important. This is because the assembly taklim has a position and a strategic role, in conveying the values of da'wah in the community more specifically to the mothers of the religious sciences. In addition, the assembly became a means of communication and means to strengthen the fraternity among fellow Muslims. In addition, the assembly taklim can serve as a medium in the mental mental development of Islamic societies in the face of the current era of information globalization. Therefore it can be used as a medium of enlightenment and community empowerment. In other words, the existence of majelis taklim generally can be utilized by all circles of society as non-formal education institutions.
KREDIT BERMASALAH DI PERBANKAN SYARI'AH DALAM PERSPEKTIF TEORI CACAT KEHENDAK
Authors: Gazali Ahmad
Published: February 2019

The development of Islamic banking, especially in Indonesia, is currently very perspective. Therefore there is trust from the community must always be maintained. Efforts to develop and trust must support two aspects, namely the implementation of transparency with Islamic ethics and a sense of foundation that provides certainty and a sense of justice. As a sharia banking, the operational basis is Islamic law, thus the readiness of Islamic law must always exist and be able to overcome the development of the development of the Islamic banking world. This paper is only a small part of the discussion to be approved and legal norms of sharia banking are made.
Upaya Mengembangkan Bahasa Dalam Mengenal Pembendaharaan Kata Mengenai Kata Sifat Melalui Model Examples Non Examples Pada Kelompok A TK Al
Authors: Amini Siti Rahmah
Published: February 2019

AbstrakPermasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya kemampuan anak meguasai keterampilan yang ditandai dengan rendahnya hasil pengembangan bahasa dalam mengungkapkan kata sifat. Hal ini disebabkan anak kurang aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajara, pembelajaran cenderung berpusat pada guru. Oleh sebab itu perlu menyusun kegiatan pembelajaran dengan menerapkan suatu model pembelajaran, melalui model pembelajaran examples non examples untuk membuat pembelajaran menjadi bermakna dan menyenangkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas guru, meningkatkan aktivitas siswa, dan meningkatkan hasil pengembangan bahasa anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tindakan kelas, dengan rancangan 2 siklus 3 kali pertemuan. Setting penelitiannya di kelompok A TK Al-Khairiyah Martpaura. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi aktivitas guru dan lembar observasi aktivitas siswa dan LKS evaluasi untuk siswa yang diadakan pada akhir pertemuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas guru, aktivitas siswa, dan hasil belajar pengembangan bahasa anak kelompok A TK Al Khairiyah Martapura mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini terlihat dari hasil observasi aktivitas guru yaitu mendapat skor 26 pada pertemuan 1, dan 27 pada pertemuan 2, sedangkan pada siklus II pertemuan 1 meningkat menjadi 28, sedangkan observasi aktivitas anak yaitu 79,44% katagori aktif pada pertemuan 1 siklus I, dan 82,22% katagori sangat aktif pada pertemuan 2, meningkat menjadi 93,33% katagori sangat aktif pada pertemuan 1 siklus II begitu juga dengan hasil pengembangan anak yaitu 100% di atas indikator ketuntasan pengembangan pada pertemuan 1, menurun pada pertemuan 2 menjadi 73,33% ketuntasan , kemudian meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 100% di atas indikator ketuntasan yang telah ditetapkan. Berdasarkan hasil temuan penelitian ini disarankan agar guru-guru di tamak kanak-kanak dapat menggunakan model Examplen non Examples dalam melaksanakan kegiatan pengembangan bahasa sebagai upaya dalam menciptakan perbaikan dan meningkatkan pemahaman anak, aktivitas anak serta meningkatkan mutu kualitas pembelajaran disekolah masing-masing.Kata Kunci: Pengembangan bahasa, kata sifat, Model examples non examples
Upaya Mengembangkan Kognitif dalam Mencocokkan Bilangan dengan Lambang Bilangan Melalui Model Make A Match di Kelompok B TK. Aisyiyah 6 Banjarmasin
Authors: Milliannoor Milliannoor
Published: February 2019

Abstrak Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah dalam mengenal bilangan masih lemah dan perlu ditingkatkan hal ini dapat dilihat pada kenyataan dilapangan saat guru TK. Aisyiyah 6 memberikan materi tentang mengenal bilangan, dari 18 orang anak hanya 6 orang berkembang sesuai dengan harapan sedangkan 12 lainnya masih dikategorikan mulai berkembang dan itu artinya 35% yang berhasil. Hal ini disebabkan antara lain kurangnya keterlibatan aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran mengenal lambang bilangan. Oleh sebab itu perlu dilakukan perbaikan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model Make a Match. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas guru, aktivitas anak, dan hasil pengembangan kognitif anak. Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Tindakan dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, dengan setting penelitian adalah kelompok B TK. Aisyiyah 6 Banjarmasin, dengan jumlah anak 18 orang yang terdiri dari 10 anak laki-laki dan 8 orang anak perempuan. Jenis data dan penelitian ini adalah data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data kuantitatif diperoleh melalui teknik pengukuran dengan evaluasi pada anak. Sedangkan data kualitatif diperoleh dari hasil observasi aktivitas guru dan siswa. Analisis data secara naratif dan teknik persentase berdasarkan skala persentase dan indikator ketuntasan pengembangan yang ditentukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas guru, aktivitas siswa, dan hasil belajar pengembangan kognitif anak kelompok B TK Aisyiyah 6 Banjarmasin mengalami perbaikan. Hal ini terlihat dari hasil observasi aktivitas guru yaitu mendapat katagori baik pada pertemuan 1, dan pada pertemuan 2 juga mendapatkan katagori baik, sedangkan pada siklus II mengalami perbaikan mendapatkan katagori sangat baik, sedangkan observasi aktivitas anak yaitu 62,5% katagori aktif pada pertemuan 1 siklus I, dan 77,32% katagori aktif pada pertemuan 2, meningkat menjadi 88,89% katagori sangat aktif pada siklus II begitu juga dengan hasil pengembangan anak yaitu 27,78% di bawah indikator ketuntasan pengembangan, kemudian meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 100% di atas indikator ketuntasan yang telah ditetapkan. Berdasarkan hasil temuan penelitian ini bahwa penggunaan model make a match dapat meningkatkan hasil pengembangan kognitif dalam mencocokkan bilangan dengan lambang bilangan di kelompok B TK. Aisyiyah 6 Banjarmasin, disarankan agar guru-guru di tamak kanakkanak dapat menggunakan model ini dalam melaksanakan kegiatan pengembangan kognitif sebagai upaya dalam menciptakan perbaikan dan meningkatkan pemahaman anak, aktivitas anak serta meningkatkan mutu kualitas pembelajaran disekolah masing-masing. Kata-kata Kunci: Pengembangan Kognitif, Mencocokkan Bilangan, Lambang Bilangan, ModelMake A Match.
As narrativas das crianças sobre as práticas educativas do Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas
Authors: Collet Zenaide , Silva Maurício Roberto da
Published: February 2019

Com o presente artigo tem-se o intuito de divulgar, por meio das narrativas capturadas de depoimentos orais, a voz da criança camponesa, colocando em destaque suas representações em diálogo com as mães-militantes. A pergunta-problema que orientou a pesquisa foi: no âmbito do diálogo entre crianças e mulheres-mãe militantes, quais as representações sociais sobre o processo formativo e as práticas educativas construídas nas lutas do Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas? Na perspectiva epistemológica, tomamos como referência algumas reflexões sobre as leis e categorias da dialética materialista da história em articulação com alguns aportes do pensamento freireano. Inspiramo-nos na abordagem teórico-metodológica do Círculo Epistemológico de Cultura (CEC), realizado concomitantemente com os encontros de mulheres. Em termos de conclusões provisórias, foi possível perceber nas narrativas que as crianças conhecem os meandros político-pedagógicos das práticas educativas e desejam participar de um projeto popular igualitário em um ambiente político-social de militância.
La Reparación Simbólica en Algunos Tribunales Ad Hoc
Authors: Cañaveral Londoño Diana Carolina , Moreno Moncada Juan Pablo
Published: February 2019

La reparación simbólica es un concepto ligado al recuerdo de los eventos marcados en el mundo, su finalidad es lograr una verdadera paz que incluya a las víctimas, que asegure la aceptación pública de los hechos, el perdón público y el restablecimiento de la dignidad de las mismas, y a su vez que las nuevas generaciones miren hacia atrás, y no repitan los mismos errores. Los tribunales internacionales han sido llamados a resolver estas problemáticas en distintos momentos y escenarios del mundo; existen desde los comienzos del sistema internacional moderno, y se crearon con el propósito de resolver causas penales entabladas contra particulares y para encarar los crímenes internacionales más graves como el genocidio, los crímenes de guerra y los crímenes de lesa humanidad. A partir de entonces, se han constituido otros tribunales especiales para juzgar delitos nacionales e internacionales; algunos ejemplos de estos tribunales son los constituidos en Núremberg, Kosovo, Bosnia-Herzegovina. El desarrollo de estos mecanismos jurídicos es un componente muy importante en contextos de post-conflicto y justicia transicional, puesto que promueven el debate acerca de la necesidad de trabajar en favor de la paz y la reconciliación en un país, frente a los reclamos de justicia para las víctimas de violaciones de los derechos humanos con el fin de que no sientan menoscabos en sus derechos como víctimas por parte de sus victimarios, y con el fin, también, que se garantice una verdadera justicia restaurativa
Perinatal Outcome of a Fetus Presenting with an Isolated Umbilical Cyst
Authors: İLHAN Gülşah , YILDIZ Elif , KUBAT KÜÇÜKYURT Ayça , VERİT ATMACA Fatma Ferda
Published: February 2019

The widespread use of high-resolution obstetric ultrasound has allowed extensive evaluation not only of the fetus, but also of the placenta and umbilical cord. Most of the available data on complication rates and clinical course of fetuses with umbilical cord cysts are limited and is in the form of case reports and small case series. We aimed to present the outcome of a fetus with an isolated umbilical cord cyst on the third trimester. The fetus was delivered by cesarean section because of fetal distress and died three days later following the operation due to perinatal asphyxia. It should be remembered that large umbilical cysts may cause fetal distress by pressure on the cord vessels in case of rapid growth. It is vital to consider the ultrasonographic examination of the umbilical cord as one of the important parts of the examination.
Mallarmé et Whistler
Authors: Naliwajek Zbigniew
Published: February 2019

-
Implementasi Program Kerja Pengawas Dalam Peningkatan Kinerja Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Rohma Ayu Alfiyatur
Published: February 2019

Learning of Islamic religious education in Junior High School is very important because as learning to improve, obedient to God. Therefore, the level of teacher performance in Islamic religious education should be improved. One of the ways to improve the performance of teachers is with supervision or supervisory activities. Using the approach, training, and guidance done by PAIS supervisors so the improvement of PAI teacher performance will increase. The purpose of this study is to: (1) describe the work program of supervisors in improving the performance of Islamic religious education teachers in junior high school in Kepanjen subdistrict at the Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Malang Regency (2) describe the implementation of supervisory work program in improving teacher performance PAI SMP scope in Kepanjen subdistrict at Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Malang Regency (3) describe causes and solutions faced by supervisors in the implementation of supervisory work programs in improving the performance of teachers PAI scope of Junior High School in Kepanjen subdistrict at the Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Malang Regency. To achieve the above objectives is using a qualitative research approach with the type of case study research. The key instrument is PAIS Supervisor at the Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Malang Regency, and data collection techniques that used are observation, interview, and documentation. Data was analyzed by reducing irrelevant data, exposing data and drawing the conclusion. The result of the research indicates that (1) One of program worked of supervisor is the semester of program and program refers to basic assignment and the function of teacher that make the basic of result identification in the supervision was done and planed with group supervision together (2) Implementing of work programs supervisors in Kepanjen subdistrict namely individuals and groups (3) Implementing of supervisory work program in Kecamatan Kepanjen has various problems both the problem individually and in the groups, but with the regulation of supervisors can faced the problem with various solutions.
KESANTUNAN IMPERATIF PADA MASYARAKAT MADURA DI PASAR IKAN DESA KOTA KULON KABUPATEN BONDOWOSO
Authors: Susilaningtyas Retno Dyah , Wibisono Bambang , Suyanto Budi
Published: February 2019

ABSTRAK

Dalam interaksi sosial di pasar ikan, yaitu interaksi antara pedagang, pembeli, pengecer, dan kuli ada tindak imperatif. Tindak tutur ini berdimensi kesantunan. Realisasi tindak tutur ini sangat terikat oleh konteks. Menggunakan pendekatan pragmatik, dalam artikel ini dikaji kesantunan imperatif yang berlaku pada masyarakat Madura di pasar ikan di Kota kulon, Bondowoso, Jawa Timur. Data penelitian ini adalah ujaran dan konteks ujaran yang di dalamnya terdapat tindak imperatif yang dikemukakan oleh subjek penelitian. Data dianallisis secara analitis menurut bentuk dan skala kesantunan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat tiga cara mewujudkan tindak imperatif, yaitu menggunakan  kalimat perintah (imperatif), kalimat deklaratif, dan kalimat tanya (interogatif). Secara terinci ada enam cara dalam mewujudkan tindak imperatif menggunakan kalimat imperatif, yaitu menggunakan kalimat imperatif perintah, ajakan, larangan, permintaan, suruh, ngelulu, deklaratif, dan interogatif. Tindak imperatif menggunakan kalimat imperatif dianggap santun jika oleh atasan kepada bawahan. Bawahan kepada atasan dapat menggunakannya jika hubungan antarmereka sangat akrab dan dalam situasi tidak formal.  Namun, pada umumnya penyampaian tindak imperatif menggunakan kalimat imperatif dianggap kurang santun daripada penggunaan kalimat deklaratif dan interogatif. Selain itu, penggunaan partikel yah, ra, dan ko dalam bahasa Madura digunakan sebagai penegas dan alat ukur kesantunan. Partikel yah berfungsi memperhalus tuturan, partikel ra digunakan ketika lawan tutur melakukan dua kali kesalahan, dan ko digunakan saat lawan tutur melakukan kesalahan berulang kali. Dalam penelitian ini tidak ditemui partikel yah, ra, dan ko yang digunakan oleh bawahan kepada atasan.

Kata kunci: kesantunan imperatif, tindak imperatif, interaksi sosial, kalimat imperatif, kalimat interogatis, dan kalimat deklaratif.
ANALISIS KUALITAS FISIK RUMAH DENGAN KEBERADAAN MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS DI UDARA
Authors: Kurniawati Elsya
Published: February 2019

Tuberculosis (TB) cases in Indonesia are most prevalent in West Java, East Java, and Central Java Provinces. TB cases in those provinces accounted for 38% of all incident TB cases in Indonesia. Transmission of the disease is influenced by environmental factors and unhealthy behavior. Environmental factors that affect the incidence of TB such as temperature, humidity, and natural lighting. This was an observational research, using case-control study design. Data then compared with the Regulation of Health Minister Republic Indonesia No. 1077 in 2011 about Guideline for Air Sanitation in the Home Space and Decision of Health Minister Republic Indonesia No. 829 in 1999 about Housing Health Requirement. Samples were taken by pusposive sampling with a sample size of 10 houses of pulmonary TB patients and 10 home instead of pulmonary TB patiens. Data collection using observation sheet and measurement. Air sampling using Microbial Air Sampler (MAS), then samplees sent to the laboratory for examination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. The result showed that most of the temperature, humidity, natural lighting, wide ventilation, and light intensity in the home of tuberculosis patiens not eligible. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was found in all TB home patients. People should maintain the cleanliness of the house by cleaning the floor with disinfectant and adding ventilation to improve air circulation and the sunlight can enter the room.
ANALISIS KUALITAS TAHU TAKWA DENGAN PENDEKATAN GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES (GMP) DI INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Listianingsih Desi
Published: February 2019

The production process of knowing the traditional poultry requires a supervisory system with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) approach as stipulated in Regulation of BPOM Head of 2012 on Good Food Making. The quality of tofu produced by a domestic industry must be in accordance with Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 01-3142-1998 about the quality of tofu so that the products know that piety produced safe. This study aims to analyze the quality of know-how with the approach of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and consumer attitudes toward tofu products in one household industry in Kediri. This research was descriptive with cross sectional approach. Aspects of GMP examined were the location and environment of production, buildings and facilities, production equipment, water supply or water supply facilities, hygiene and sanitation facilities and activities, storage, process control, food labeling, supervision by persons responsible, product recall, record and documentation, and employee training, and see the quality of the IRT. The results of the assessment of the implementation of GMP on IRT know this pardon of 59.67%, included in the category of poor assessment. Therefore, it was necessary to improve the production process from the IRT to know piety against the unfavorable aspects, such as facilities and hygiene and sanitation activities, maintenance and hygiene and sanitation programs, storage, supervision by the responsible person, and recording and documentation, so that aspects it complies with the standards and produces quality tofu according to the standard.
AMBIENTES DE APRENDIZAGEM E TECNOLOGIAS: os desafios discentes na construção do pensamento crítico em escolas de Cingapura
Authors: Pasinato Nara Maria Bernardes , Koh Noi Keng
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo é parte de uma pesquisa realizada com alunos em formação docente e  estudantes do ensino secundário de escolas públicas de Cingapura e teve como principal objetivo investigar como os ambientes de aprendizagem, que integram  tecnologías, são utilizados neste nível de ensino. A investigação levantou questões consideradas desafiadoras nas práticas discentes e, para tanto, utilizou-se do questionário CMLES, desenvolvido por Maor e Fraser (2005), analisando as respostas de forma a compreender se o uso das tecnologias auxilia na criação de um ambiente de aprendizagem construtivista.  Em síntese, os resultados demonstraram que, na ótica dos alunos, comparada a dos profesores, é inferior das perspectivas criadas pelos docentes. Além disso, conseguiu-se evidenciar que nem sempre o uso das tecnologias leva o aluno ao desenvolvimento de um pensamento crítico. Assim, de acordo com as premissas de um ambiente de aprendizagem construtivista para que isso ocorra, o professor precisará refletir sobre os tipos de atividades aplicadas e como elas irão auxiliar no processo de aprendizagem.
PENSANDO CURRÍCULO COMO PRÁTICA DE LIBERDADE: entre concepções de infâncias representadas em filmes e narrativas cotidianas de praticantespensantes da educação
Authors: Maldonado Maritza Maciel Castrillon , Santos João de Deus dos
Published: February 2019

RESUMO
Este texto tem por objetivo apresentar resultados parciais do projeto de pesquisa CINEMA, INFÂNCIAS E DIFERENÇA: problematizando a educação, o cotidiano da escola e o currículo. O projeto visa a problematizar concepções de infâncias e diferença a partir de imagens e sons produzidos no cinema, oportunizando aos praticantespensantes do cotidiano educacional – professores da rede básica de ensino – pensar de forma diferente o que vem sendo pensadopraticado na educação escolar.  Neste texto, realizamos um exercício para pensar o currículo como prática de liberdade a partir do filme Yaaba (dirigido por Idrissa Quedraogo, 1989) e das narrativas dos professores, praticantespensantes dos cotidianos escolares.
 
 
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: cinema; infâncias; diferença; currículo.
 
ABSTRACT
This paper aims to present the partial results of the research project CINEMA, CHILDHOODS AND DIFFERENCE: problematizing education, daily school routine and the curriculum. The project is intended to problematize conceptions of childhoods and difference based on images and sounds produced in the cinema, thus enabling the thinkingpractitioners of the educational routine – basic education teachers – to think differently about what has been thought and practiced in school education. In this paper, we do the exercise of thinking about the curriculum as a practice of freedom by considering both the movie Yaaba (directed by Idrissa Ouedraogo, 1989) and the narratives of the teachers, the thinking practitioners of daily school routines.
 
KEYWORDS: cinema, childhoods; difference; curriculum.
 
 
RESUMEN
Este texto tiene como objetivo presentar resultados parciales del proyecto de investigación CINE, INFANCIAS Y DIFERENCIAS: problematizando la educación, lo cotidiano de la escuela y el currículo. El proyecto intenta problematizar concepciones de infancias y diferencias a partir de imágenes y sonidos producidos en el cine, dando oportunidad a los practicantespensantes del cotidiano educacional - profesores de la red básica de enseñanza - de pensar de forma diferente a lo que viene siendo pensadopracticado en la educación escolar. En este texto, realizamos un ejercicio para pensar el currículo como práctica de libertad a partir de la película Yaaba (dirigido por Idrissa Ouedraogo, 1989) y de las narraciones de los profesores, practicantes/pensantes de los cotidianos escolares.
 
 
PALABRAS CLAVE: Cine; Infancias; Diferencia; Currículo.
People’s Experiences in Relation to the City Liveliness of Urban Heritage Trail
Authors: Shahimi Syazana Suaidah , Tukiman Izawati , Hussain Mohd Ramzi Mohd
Published: February 2019

Populaces are prominent indicators of livability in creating ‘street life’ for cities and public spaces. Evaluating people’s experiences is significant in creating a city liveliness and urban heritage trail. The exploration of design strategies that could allow them to integrated and connected with other spaces in the context of city and heritage as well as creating a social life among them. The measuring variables are people’s experience on the spaces; thus, create the pattern of behavior, which cause spaces liveliness, using Kuala Lumpur Heritage Trail as an example of pedestrian priority streets, city environment and heritage value. The aim of this research is to evaluate people’s experiences and analyze their behavior towards the urban street design within cities environment and Malaysia heritage values. The analyzed review comprising on the livability of the street in the context of interrelation between behavioral patter of people and the preferences of urban heritage. Hence, this paper will give an understanding of how people experiences the presence of urban streets and heritage values, thus, bringing liveliness to the streets.
Understanding the Double-Level Influence of Guanxi on Construction Innovation in China: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Knowledge Sharing and the Cross-level Moderating Role of Inter-Organizational Relationships
Authors: Qian Yingmiao , Wang Mengjun , Zou Yang , Jin Ruoyu , Yuan Ruijia
Published: February 2019

Abstract: Guanxi, a Chinese term that defines social networks of power and benefits, can be divided into inter-personal and inter-organizational relationships, and guanxi significantly influences construction innovation in China. Many studies have examined the relationship between guanxi and construction innovation at the project or organizational level. However, few of these studies explained how guanxi could affect an individual’s innovative behaviour from a double-level perspective. This paper builds on social capital theory and social exchange theory to examine guanxi’s role in motivating innovative behaviour in a China-specific construction context. It investigates the main effects of inter-personal relationships on innovative behaviour, the mediating effects of knowledge sharing, and the cross-level moderating effects of inter-organizational relationships. These elements were tested using a survey that received 178 responses from 35 different organizations. The results were analysed using Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM) and revealed that inter-personal relationships have positive influences on innovative behaviour, thus highlighting the partial mediating effects of knowledge sharing. In addition, the analyses showed that inter-organizational relationships augment inter-personal relationships and knowledge sharing on innovative behaviour by cross-level interaction. The research findings enhance an understanding of guanxi and innovative behaviour in China-specific construction project settings, as well as verifying the significance of guanxi in stimulating innovative behaviour.
Gene therapy approaches to functional cure and protection of hematopoietic potential in HIV infection
Authors: Tsukamoto Tetsuo
Published: February 2019

Although current antiretroviral drug therapy can suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, a lifelong prescription is necessary to avoid viral rebound. The problem of persistent and ineradicable viral reservoirs in HIV-infected people continues to be a global threat. In addition, some HIV-infected patients do not experience sufficient T-cell immune restoration despite being aviremic during treatment, and this is likely due to altered hematopoietic potential. To achieve global eradication of HIV disease, a cure is needed. To this end, tremendous efforts have been made in the field of anti-HIV gene therapy. This review will discuss the concepts of HIV cure and relative viral attenuation and provide an overview of various gene therapy approaches aimed at a complete or functional HIV cure and protection of hematopoietic functions.
Neiwan Hydro Powerhouse (A Conceptual Reconstruction Study)
Authors: Tkac Stefan
Published: February 2019

The conceptual reconstruction of Neiwan powerhouse is one of the key activities under the current ongoing mapping project of Taiwanese hydropower plants that mainly took place between 2013 and 2015 and is now focused on micro, pico, and historical power plants. Judging from the fact that the oldest hydropower plant in Taiwan named Guishan starts its operation in 1905, Neiwan powerhouse was among the very first powerhouses that were built across the island to support the electrification of Taiwan. However, the main function of the single turbine equipped Neiwan micro powerhouse was to support mainly the military needs and protect the territories occupied by Japanese troops. Since the powerhouse was built in 1909 and operates only something about 10 year there are very little physical materials or evidence along with contemporaries. Therefore the further reconstruction is based mainly on physical observation of the remains located at the site, old photographs, related articles, treatises and typology of mechanical and civil constructions of other hydropower plant cases in Taiwan hence this paper´s main intention is to pitch a concept reconstruction rather than definite conclusion.     
EVALUATION OF INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE AND CENTRAL CORNEAL THICKNESS CHANGES AFTER HEMODIALYSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
Authors: Erdem Seyfettin , Gunes Muslum
Published: February 2019

Background: This study evaluated short-term changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and corneal thickness (CCT) following haemodialysis (HD) in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients.
Methods: We studied 34 eyes of 34 patients with CRF undergoing HD. Patients included in the study were classified into two subgroups: group 1 (with DM) and group 2 (non DM). All patients underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination including CCT and IOP before and after the HD session. Total body weight and body volume loss after haemodialysis were also measured.
Results: The sex distribution of patients were 22 female (64.7%) and 12 male (35.3%). The DM group was comprised of 19 patients (55.9%), and the non-DM had 15 (44.1%). The mean age was 60.3 ± 17.2 (range 21–88) years, and the dialysis time was 51.4 ± 38.5 (range 5–132) months. The mean IOP change after HD decreased from 15.88±2.37 to 14.11±2.02 mmHg (95% CI, 1.40–2.11; p < 0.001). The mean CCT decreased from 554.88±14.27 to 550.52±13.67 μm. (95% CI, 1.97–4.08; P = p < 0.001). The loss in body volume was positively correlated with a decrease in IOP (r = 0.737, p < 0.001) and CCT (r = 0.784, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: In patients with CRF who have glaucoma, visual acuity may be adversely affected by IOP and CCT changes following HD. Therefore, a detailed ophthalmologic examination should be performed to take preventive measures for at-risk patients before and after HD.
Keywords: Hemodialysis, Intraocular pressure, Central Corneal thickness.
Correlation of retinal layer changes with vision gain in diabetic macular edema during conbercept treatment
Authors: Xu Yupeng , Qu Yuan , Suo Yan , Gao Jian , Chen Xia , Liu Kun , Liu Kun , Xu Xun
Published: February 2019

Backgrounds: To assess the changes in individual retinal layer thickness and visual function associated with gains in visual acuity after an intravitreal conbercept injection in the diabetic macular edema (DME) on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and microperimetry during 1-year follow-up.
Methods: Retrospective observational study. Twenty patients with clinically significant DME in the study eye were imaged by SD-OCT every three months and MP1 microperimeter in the third month while receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (conbercept) treatment. In each patient, seven retinal layers were segmented in 98 scans covering a 6mm×6mm area of the macula at baseline and during 1 year of treatment. An automatic, full-threshold microperimetry of the central field (10°×10°, 40 stimulated points) with the MP1 microperimeter. Thickness and microperimetry changes were quantitatively measured and evaluated for their correlation with increases in visual acuity.
Results: Although thicknesses of the inner nuclear layer (INL) and the outer nuclear layer (ONL) were reduced the most after treatment (p< 0.05), decreases of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) (r = 0.591, p= 0.006) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) (r= 0.663, p= 0.001) in central subfield area was associated with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) gain, and had the best estimation of BCVA gain (adjust R2=0.544). Mean macular sensitivity in the central subfield was also well correlated with BCVA gain (r=0.531, p=0.016).
Conclusions: Whereas the largest decrease of layer thickness occurred in the INL and ONL, the decreases in GCL and IPL were more associated with gains in vision and improved microperimetry. The decrease of the GCL and IPL might suggest that neural recovery occurred after the resolution of edema during conbercept treatment.
Keywords: Diabetic macular edema, retinal layer thickness, layer segmentation, anti-VEGF, Conbercept.
Modeling the Nutritive Value of Defoliated Tall Fescue Pastures Based on Leaf Morphogenesis
Authors: Insua Juan R. , Agnusdei Mónica G. , Berone Germán D. , Basso Bruno , Machado Claudio F.
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

The leaf morphogenetic‐based model predicted the pasture nutritive value variance generated by in an ad hoc experiment.

Variation in fiber digestibility with the age and length of leaves is the main driver for declines in pasture digestibility of vegetative regrowth.

The morphogenetic approach was designed to enable its potential integration with some of the available pasture growth models.

The model provided mechanistic understanding and predictions that allow for the exploration of new management strategies.

The leaf morphogenesis of plants is the most important determinant of the nutritive value dynamics in vegetative pasture regrowth. The aim of this study was to develop a simulation model of the pasture nutritive value dynamics based on a morphogenetic approach that takes into account the effects of leaf age and leaf length on forage digestibility in relation to defoliation management. The model was developed and evaluated with detailed data from two independent experiments (Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, respectively) on tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.], including descriptions of morphogenesis, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and digestibility of NDF (NDFD) and dry matter (DMD) of leaf blades. The model precisely and accurately simulated the forage digestibility dynamics of pasture regrowth observed under different residual pasture heights in Exp. 2. The main calculated statistics for NDF, NDFD, and DMD were root mean square deviation < 4% points, R2 ≥ 0.92, concordance correlation coefficient ≥ 0.86 and bias correlation factor ≥ 0.89. The evaluated model was used to investigate the responses of forage nutritive value to several combinations of residual pasture heights (2–15 cm) and defoliation intervals (one to five leaves per tiller). This study highlights the inclusion of the NDFD trait associated to leaf morphogenesis as a mechanistic way to improve predictions of DMD dynamics in vegetative regrowth under different defoliation managements.
Non-standard interactions in $\tau^- \to (\pi^-\eta,\pi^-\pi^0)\nu_{\tau}$ decays
Authors: Lopez Castro Gabriel
Published: February 2019

Originally thought as clean processes to study the hadronization of
the weak currents, semileptonic tau lepton decays can be useful to set
constraints on non-standard (NS) weak interactions. We study the effects
of new interactions in \tau^- \to (\pi^-\eta,\pi^-\pi^0)\nu_{\tau}τ−→(π−η,π−π0)ντ
decays and find that they are sensitive probes of these New Physics
effects in the form of scalar and tensor interactions, respectively.
Further improved measurements at Belle II will set limits on these
scalar interactions that are similar to other low and high energy
processes.
Acercamiento al patrimonio urbano difuso de Tunja (Colombia) a través de una experiencia enmarcada en los museos virtuales para el aprendizaje
Authors: Sánchez Duarte Mónica Marcela , Hidalgo Guerrero Adriana
Published: February 2019

Los museos virtuales propician el aprendizaje activo y en el tema del patrimonio, captan el interés del visitante favoreciendo su acercamiento a la información y el conocimiento, gracias a los recursos y formatos multimedia. También se evidenció que las nuevas generaciones, privilegian los gráficos sobre los textos escritos, lo cual lleva a priorizar el rol de los recursos multimedia en estos entornos.
Las fronteras invisibles en las comunas 16 y 70 de Medellín (2008-2013): poder, territorio y resistencia
Authors: Suárez Gómez Jorge Eduardo , Ramírez Cárdenas Emmanuel , Nieto López Jaime Rafael
Published: February 2019

En este artículo se analiza la forma en que se desarrolló el fenómeno de las fronteras invisibles en las comunas 16 y 70 de Medellín entre los años 2008 y 2013, momento en que se agudizó el conflicto armado urbano en la ciudad. Con ese objetivo se entrevistaron actores sociales, institucionales y académicos que experimentaron esos enfrentamientos violentos desde diversas posiciones. Estas voces se analizaron a partir de discusiones teóricas en torno al poder, el territorio y la resistencia, que permitieron explicar la territorialización de una violencia que devino en la imposición de barreras imaginarias sobre la población.
Probiotics in the management of respiratory diseases: ways of interaction and therapeutic perspectives
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Berezhnaya I. V. , Klimov L. Ya. , Kasyanova A. N. , Dedikova O. V. , Koltsov K. A.
Published: February 2019

Today, the composition of the gut microbiota has been studied in sufficient detail. Increasing number of studies show that the respiratory tract, both the upper and lower respiratory tract, have their own microbiota. The article presents the main today’s data about the species diversity of microorganisms in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, describes the role of a healthy microbiota in providing local and general immunity. The authors specify the role of probiotic strains of microorganisms and their effect on various parts of the immune response and present the data of studies on the effect of probiotic products on the immunological resistance of humans, especially the respiratory tract with high viral load. Restoration of a healthy microbiota in the human tract using probiotic products administered through the gastrointestinal tract can reduce the risk and severity of manifestation of the respiratory infections.
Studying of level of hygienic knowledge and skills to care for the oral cavity at the high schoolchildren
Authors: Lekomtseva O. V. , Kosyuga S. Yu.
Published: February 2019

The article is devoted to the study of the level of dental knowledge and hygiene skills in adolescents studying at the school №176 in Nizhny Novgorod with use of individually designed questionnaire. The questionnaire included twenty-one questions: about individual hygiene of oral cavity, the choice of subjects and means of hygiene of oral cavity, the frequency of hygienic care for oral cavity at home, the presence of inflammatory diseases of oral cavity and dentition anomalies at the time of the survey, sources of hygiene knowledge and skills of students about psycho-emotional relation of children to the procedures for the hygienic care of oral hygiene and periodic visits to the dentist. Based on the survey of 14 year’s adolescents, it can be concluded that the level of knowledge of children’s choice of subjects and means for oral hygiene and the need for regular dental education for the prevention and early detection of risk factors for the development of periodontal diseases in schoolchildren.
Peculiarities of health and bone metabolism of children born through IVF
Authors: Druzhinina N. A. , Merzlyakova D. R.
Published: February 2019

The multiple increase in the number of «conceived in vitro» newborns is accompanied by an increase in the number of questions arising around this method of infertility treatment Evaluating the potential health realities of this category of children, it is necessary to consider the course of pregnancy caused by ART as a fundamental factor directly affecting the well-being of the future child. Patients who became pregnant as a result of the use of ART are a special group that differs not only from pregnant women with normal reproductive function, but also from pregnant women with long-term infertility in their history. Children’s health is criteria for assessing the well-being of society, the basis of its sustainable development and national security. Some members of the medical community suggest banning ART because of the «environmental degradation of reproduction, which leads to an almost doubling of infant mortality and congenital anomalies». Negative emotions are often caused today not even by assisted reproduction methods themselves, but by preimplantation diagnosis to select embryos based on specific characteristics, which is sometimes medically necessary. The skeletal system of newborn children is characterized by a number of features: the presence of large amounts of cartilage, the reticular structure of the bones, the rich vascular network in the areas of the bone neck and a significant thickness of the periosteum. In the first months and years of life, along with the development of the skeleton, there is a multiple rearrangement of the structure of bone tissue, reflecting its phylogenesis. Intensive growth with simultaneous remodeling creates a very special position for bone tissue, in which it is particularly sensitive to adverse effects of the environment, namely, disorders of nutrition, motor behavior of the child, muscle tone, etc. In premature infants, intense processes of phosphorus-calcium metabolism regulation are performed against the background of gestational immaturity of organs and general pathological reactions (hypoxia, acidosis), developing in the postnatal period. The study of health and bone metabolism in infants born through IVF remains an under-studied area of pediatrics and is of scientific interest for practical health care.
The herbal preparations in the treatment of cough in children with respiratory infections
Authors: Deliagin V. М.
Published: February 2019

Acute respiratory infections (ARI, commen cold) are the most common infection diseases in children. They account for up 75% of all cases of respiratory diseases. In most cases, ARI are selfterminating diseases that require only symptomatic treatment. The most common symptom of ARI is cough. In outpatient practice justified the use of herbal medicine. As an antisussive well eastablished syrup Gedelix. The effectivnesses of the medicine, the possibility of accuracy dosing, pleasant taste facilitate it use in children.
Determination of the Expression Rate of Ethyl Acetate Hydrolysis Reaction Depending on the Temperature
Authors: ÇITAK Alime , KIVRAK Arif
Published: February 2019

In this scientific
study, the hydrolysis reaction was carried out in a batch reactor to test which order of the reaction is, the rate constant at different temperatures and also,
activation energy, and frequency factor.
For this purpose, this hydrolysis reaction was experimentally performed the
time-dependent NaOH consumption in a
batch reactor in the different temperature range (283 K-313 K). The
results show that hydrolysis of the ethyl acetate is a forward one-way second order reaction. The analysis of the experimental data showed
that the activation energy is 29.775 kJ mol-1 and frequency
factor 27038.
Improving the Salting Technology for Fermented Maral Meat Products
Authors: Мышалова Ольга , Myshalova Olga , Гуринович Галина , Gurinovich Galina , Патракова Ирина , Patrakova Irina , Серегин Сергей , Seregin Sergey
Published: February 2019

The research features the effect of salting methods on the physical, chemical, and biochemical properties of maral (Siberian red deer) meat in the manufacture of fermented products. Meat salting is considered to be the most significant process in the formation of organoleptic and qualitative properties of whole muscle meat products. The authors measured the changes in the mass fraction of moisture in the products. After that they studied the effect of dry, wet, and mixed salting on mass transfer processes in the maral meat according to the fermentation period. The study revealed the dynamic pattern in pH and water-binding capacity of meat during salting, as well as the differences in the colloidal-chemical state of protein substances. The best results were achieved in mixed salting samples after short-term massaging. This method changed the degree of hydration and the solubility of proteins, which improved the structural and mechanical properties. The experiment showed that fermented products require preliminary mechanical processing of meat in massagers, which makes it possible to soften raw materials, accelerate the redistribution of saline substances in meat, and intensify biochemical processes. According to the present research, the best results were achieved by mixed salting when the salting mixture was applied to the meat surface. The mixture contained the starting cultures of microorganisms “Bitec LC-30”. The meat was aged under dry salting at 0–4 °C for 24 hours and then in the pickle. This changed the rheological properties of the meat and resulted in a gentler consistency of the fermented products. The proposed technology of maral meat salting increases the efficiency of meat fermentation processes while improving the quality of manufactured products and their organoleptic properties.
Dynamic response of runoff to soil and water conservation measures and precipitation based on VAR model
Authors: Zhao Juan , Mu Xingmin , Gao Peng
Published: February 2019

The Loess Plateau is one of the most erodible areas in the world, and numerous conservation measures have been implemented to control severe soil erosion. Better understanding of the changes in runoff and their influencing factors is required. A vector autoregression (VAR) model was used to simulate the dynamic relationship between runoff and six factors (precipitation, terraces, afforestation, grassing, check dams' construction, and grazing fencing) based on precipitation, runoff, and controlling measures of the Tuwei River basin in the middle reaches of the Yellow River during 1959–2012. Results showed that response of runoff usually lagged behind precipitation and the implementation of soil and water conservation measures. The annual runoff has no response to the increase of each measure area at the first year, but has varying degrees of response from the second year onward. Moreover, the same measure has different effects on runoff in different periods. The contribution of the factors that affect the annual runoff varied in the order of grazing fencing hillside < grassing < check dams' construction field < afforestation < precipitation < terraces. In the long term, the contribution of soil and water conservation measures would be greater than 70% in the fluctuation of annual runoff.
Water management and its judicial contexts in ancient Greece: a review from the earliest times to the Roman period
Authors: Krasilnikoff Jens , Angelakis Andreas N.
Published: February 2019

From the earliest times, Greek societies prepared legislation to solve disputes, define access to the water resources, and regulate waste- and storm-water disposal. On the one hand, evidence suggests that in Greek antiquity (750–30 bc), scientific progress was an important agent in the development of water management in some cities including institutional and regulatory issues. In most cities, it seems not to have been a prerequisite in relation to basic agricultural or household requirements. Previous studies suggest that judicial insight rather than practical knowledge of water management became a vital part of how socio-political and religious organizations dealing with water management functioned. The evidence indicates an interest in institutional matters, but in some instances also in the day-to-day handling of water issues. Thus, the aim of this review is to follow the development of water law and institutions and their technical solutions in the Greek states during the Archaic through the Roman periods. In addition, it demonstrates that the need for water management regulations is not a modern creation, but there is a long tradition of solving complex issues of water supply and use with rather sophisticated legal measures.