bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the frequency and risk factors of gastrointestinal bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass in paediatric cases
Authors: Ozyilmaz Isa , Öztürk Erkut , Ozalp Serife , Recep Berra Zumrut Tan , Tanıdır İbrahim Cansaran , Hatemi Ali Can
Published: October 2024

Introduction and Aim:

Gastrointestinal bleeding is a potential complication in paediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, as it develops secondary to low gastrointestinal perfusion. This study aimed to examine the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding and identify its risk factors in these patients.

Method:

This retrospective study was undertaken to examine the demographic features, clinical findings, and operative data of paediatric patients under years old who had undergone congenital heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass between November 1, 2021, and November 1, 2023. The study aimed to investigate the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding associated with cardiopulmonary bypass and to identify potential risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding. The obtained results were statistically evaluated.

Results:

The study period included 1100 patients who underwent congenital heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Fifty-two percent of the total participants were male. The median weight of the patients was 4.4 kg, with an interquartile range of 3.5–5.8 kg. The patients were categorised by age, revealing that 62% were newborns, 24% were infants, and 14% were children. Forty-four (4.2%) of the total number of patients experienced gastrointestinal bleeding. Newborns had a significantly higher incidence of bleeding (6% or 34 patients) compared to infants (3% or 8 patients) and children (1.5% or 2 patients) (p < 0.05). Patients who experienced gastrointestinal bleeding had a longer median hospital stay of 24 days compared to those who did not, with a median hospital stay of 14 days. Moreover, patients who suffered from bleeding had a significantly higher mortality rate (30%) in comparison to those who did not (9.9%) (p < 0.05). The incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding was found to be associated with several risk factors, such as low operative age and weight, high surgical score, presence of low cardiac output syndrome, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) usage, high lactate levels, and low platelet count.

Conclusion:

Gastrointestinal bleeding is a potential complication for patients who undergo cardiopulmonary bypass. It is particularly relevant for newborns who have undergone prolonged surgery, have a high surgical complexity score, exhibit high lactate levels, display low cardiac output, utilise ECMO, and possess low platelet counts. In such cases, there may be a heightened incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding. It is important to consider this possibility in order to ensure the best possible patient outcomes.
Bank shocks and the debt structure
Authors: Gauthier David
Published: October 2024

This article studies how sudden changes in bank credit supply impact economic activity. I identify shocks to bank credit supply based on firms’ aggregate debt composition. I use a model where firms fund production with bonds and loans. In the model, bank shocks are the only type of shock that imply opposite movements in the two types of debt as firms adjust their debt composition to new credit conditions. Bank shocks account for a third of output fluctuations and are predictive of the bond spread.
Differentiation of wild accessions within the Panax bipinnatifidus complex using newly developed polymorphic microsatellite markers
Authors: Song Jie , Zhao Yujuan , Gong Xun , Pan Yuezhi
Published: October 2024

Panax L., renowned as ginseng genus, is a famous medicinal group of family Araliaceae. Within this genus, the taxa of Panax bipinnatifidus complex are mainly distributed in Himalayas and Hengduan Mountain areas. Due to the complex evolutionary history and short-term rapid radiation, the relationships among species within the complex have not been clearly resolved, and the taxa identification is difficult due to the intermediate morphological traits. This study aimed to use the available restriction-site associated DNA sequence data from 29 individuals of P. bipinnatifidus complex to mine high-polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, with the goal of evaluating their utility in taxa identification. Eleven polymorphic SSR loci were ultimately selected and validated through polymerase chain reactions amplifying across 63 individuals of P. bipinnatifidus complex and 13 individuals of three outgroup species. The subsequent genetic diversity analysis uncovered 76 alleles in total, ranging from 5 to 15 per locus. Observed heterozygosity spanned 0.241–0.512, while expected heterozygosity ranged between 0.345 and 0.644. The genetic kinship analysis revealed a sister relationship between Panax zingiberensis and Panax vietnamensis. The analysis result also supported the classification of samples from Hunan and Hubei provinces into a single genetic unit within the P. bipinnatifidus complex. These newly developed SSR markers will facilitate the identification of wild ginseng plants.
Rapid Uplift, yet Slow Denudation of the Suckling‐Dayman Metamorphic Core Complex in Tropical Papua New Guinea
Authors: Österle J. E. , Norton K. P. , Lukens C. E. , Little T. A. , Mizera M. , Webber S. M. , Wilcken K.
Published: October 2024

A linear relationship between rates of physical erosion and chemical weathering is apparent in slowly eroding landscapes. Whether the relationship remains linear in rapidly eroding landscapes is less clear. Field‐based research into this relationship between erosion and weathering rates has largely been conducted in temperate climates with granitic bedrock. In tropical settings, the contribution of chemical mass loss to total denudation may approach, or even exceed, that of erosion. We report 10Be‐in‐quartz cosmogenic radionuclide and soil chemistry data from the Suckling‐Dayman Metamorphic Core Complex (SDMCC) in Papua New Guinea. Despite being exhumed at cm‐per‐year rates, its lower‐plate domed and striated morphology suggests minimal denudation, which is confirmed by our 10Be‐in‐quartz data (0.02–0.18 mm/yr). We suggest that rolling hinge‐style back‐rotation of the SDMCC's lower plate and the combination of a tropical climate and highly weatherable metabasalt bedrock have played a fundamental role in preserving the tectonic topography of this remarkable metamorphic core complex.
Assimilation of Sentinel‐Based Leaf Area Index for Modeling Surface‐Ground Water Interactions in Irrigation Districts
Authors: Zafarmomen Nima , Alizadeh Hosein , Bayat Mehrad , Ehtiat Majid , Moradkhani Hamid
Published: October 2024

Vegetation‐related processes, such as evapotranspiration (ET), irrigation water withdrawal, and groundwater recharge, are influencing surface water (SW)—groundwater (GW) interaction in irrigation districts. Meanwhile, conventional numerical models of SW‐GW interaction are not developed based on satellite‐based observations of vegetation indices. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for multivariate assimilation of Sentinel‐based leaf area index (LAI) as well as in‐situ records of streamflow. Moreover, the GW model is initially calibrated based on water table observations. These observations are assimilated into the SWAT‐MODFLOW model to accurately analyze the advantage of considering high‐resolution LAI data for SW‐GW modeling. We develop a data assimilation (DA) framework for SWAT‐MODFLOW model using the particle filter based on the sampling importance resampling (PF‐SIR). Parameters of MODFLOW are calibrated using the parameter estimation (PEST) algorithm and based on in‐situ observation of the GW table. The methodology is implemented over the Mahabad Irrigation Plain, located in the Urmia Lake Basin in Iran. Some DA scenarios are closely examined, including univariate LAI assimilation (L‐DA), univariate streamflow assimilation (S‐DA), and multivariate streamflow‐LAI assimilation (SL‐DA). Results show that the SL‐DA scenario results in the best estimations of streamflow, LAI, and GW level, compared to other DA scenarios. The streamflow DA does not improve the accuracy of LAI estimation, while the LAI assimilation scenario results in significant improvements in streamflow simulation, where, compared to the open loop run, the (absolute) bias decreases from 75% to 6%. Moreover, S‐DA, compared to L‐DA, underestimates irrigation water use and demand as well as potential and actual crop yield.
Wealth Over Woe: Global Biases in Hydro‐Hazard Research
Authors: Stein Lina , Mukkavilli S. Karthik , Pfitzmann Birgit M. , Staar Peter W. J. , Ozturk Ugur , Berrospi Cesar , Brunschwiler Thomas , Wagener Thorsten
Published: October 2024

Floods, droughts, and rainfall‐induced landslides are hydro‐hazards that affect millions of people every year. Anticipation, mitigation, and adaptation to these hazards is increasingly outpaced by their changing magnitude and frequency due to climate change. A key question for society is whether the research we pursue has the potential to address knowledge gaps and to reduce potential future hazard impacts where they will be most severe. We use natural language processing, based on a new climate hazard taxonomy, to review, identify, and geolocate out of 100 million abstracts those that deal with hydro‐hazards. We find that the spatial distribution of study areas is mostly defined by human activity, national wealth, data availability, and population distribution. Hydro‐hazard events that impact large numbers of people lead to increased research activity, but with a strong disparity between low‐ and high‐income countries. We find that 100 times more people need to be affected by hazards before low‐income countries reach comparable research activity to high‐income countries. This “Wealth over Woe” bias needs to be addressed by enabling and targeting research on hydro‐hazards in highly impacted and under‐researched regions, or in those sufficiently socio‐hydrologically similar. We urgently need to reduce knowledge base biases to mitigate and adapt to changing hydro‐hazards if we want to achieve a sustainable and equitable future for all global citizens.
Terrestrial Carbon Sink and Clean Air Co‐Benefits From China's Carbon Neutrality Policy
Authors: Li Lingfeng , Wang Zilin , Qiu Bo , Huang Xin , Guo Weidong , Miao Xin , Zhao Siwen , Chen Jiuyi , Ding Aijun
Published: October 2024

As the world's largest carbon emitter, China has been confronting the dual challenge of climate change and air pollution. China's quest for reducing carbon emissions will promisingly benefit the air quality, yet its impact on carbon sinks remains unclear. Here, we assess the effect of China's clean air actions and carbon neutrality policy on air quality and its associated co‐benefits for terrestrial carbon sinks by integrating multiple observations and numerical modeling. We find a quadratic response of plant photosynthesis to aerosol loading due to trade‐offs between diffuse fertilization effect and light limitations. The estimations show that China's air pollution suppresses terrestrial carbon uptake through aerosol‐induced light limitations, leading to a 7.3% decrease in plant productivity in the 2010s. In the context of carbon neutrality pledge, the associated aerosol reductions tend to alleviate the suppression and produce an additional CO2 removal of 0.39 GtCO2 year−1. Our results uncover the enhanced terrestrial carbon sinks by aerosol mitigation, highlighting the synergy between carbon neutrality and clean air.
Bacterial Community Structure Modulates Soil Phosphorus Turnover at Early Stages of Primary Succession
Authors: Wang Yuhan , Bing Haijian , Moorhead Daryl L. , Hou Enqing , Wu Yanhong , Wang Jipeng , Duan Chengjiao , Cui Qingliang , Zhang Zhiqin , Zhu He , Qiu Tianyi , Dai Zhongmin , Tan Wenfeng , Huang Min , Lambers Hans , Reich Peter B. , Fang Linchuan
Published: October 2024

Microbes are the drivers of soil phosphorus (P) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems; however, the role of soil microbes in mediating P cycling in P‐rich soils during primary succession remains uncertain. This study examined the impacts of bacterial community structure (diversity and composition) and its functional potential (absolute abundances of P‐cycling functional genes) on soil P cycling along a 130‐year glacial chronosequence on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Bacterial community structure was a better predictor of soil P fractions than P‐cycling genes along the chronosequence. After glacier retreat, the solubilization of inorganic P and the mineralization of organic P were significantly enhanced by increased bacterial diversity, changed interspecific interactions, and abundant species involved in soil P mineralization, thereby increasing P availability. Although 84% of P‐cycling genes were associated with organic P mineralization, these genes were more closely associated with soil organic carbon than with organic P. Bacterial carbon demand probably determined soil P turnover, indicating the dominant role of organic matter decomposition processes in P‐rich alpine soils. Moreover, the significant decrease in the complexity of the bacterial co‐occurrence network and the taxa‐gene‐P network at the later stage indicates a declining dominance of the bacterial community in driving soil P cycling with succession. Our results reveal that bacteria with a complex community structure have a prominent potential for biogeochemical P cycling in P‐rich soils during the early stages of primary succession.
Microphysical Interactions Determine the Effectiveness of Solar Radiation Modification via Stratospheric Solid Particle Injection
Authors: Vattioni S. , Käslin S. K. , Dykema J. A. , Beiping L. , Sukhodolov T. , Sedlacek J. , Keutsch F. N. , Peter T. , Chiodo G.
Published: October 2024

Recent studies have suggested that stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) of solid particles for climate intervention could reduce stratospheric warming compared to injection of . However, interactions of microphysical processes, such as settling and coagulation of solid particles, with stratospheric dynamics have not been considered. Using a global chemistry‐climate model with interactive solid particle microphysics, we show that agglomeration significantly reduces the backscatter efficiency per unit of injected material compared to mono‐disperse particles, partly due to faster settling of the agglomerates, but mainly due to increased forward‐ over backscattering with increasing agglomerate size. Despite these effects, some materials substantially reduce required injection rates as well as perturbation of stratospheric winds, age of air and stratospheric warming compared to injection of , with the most promising results being shown by 150 nm diamond particles. Uncertainties remain as to whether stratospheric dispersion of solid particles is feasible without formation of agglomerates.
Longitudinal Variations of Energetic Electrons Scattered by NWC Transmitter: DEMETER Observations
Authors: Liu Yangxizi , Xiang Zheng , Ni Binbin , Zhou Chen , Wang Jianhang , Guo Deyu , Dong Junhu , Hu Jingle , Guo Haozhi
Published: October 2024

Low‐Earth orbit (LEO) satellites often observe wisp‐like energy spectra, characterized by lower energies at higher L values of energetic electrons, resulting from the scattering effect of the narrow‐band artificial transmitter signals. Typically, the flux levels of wisp energy spectra increase as they approach the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA). Here, we report, for the first time, the longitudinal variations of wisp positions in the energy‐L coordinate based on observations from the DEMETER satellite. The L‐values of wisps decrease at the longitudes <180° and increase at the longitudes >180°. By considering the satellite's orbital characteristics, we found that the longitudinal variations of wisp are essentially the MLT‐dependent radial transport of electrons. This finding indicates that the electron drift paths can be modified within a single drift period. We propose a duskward convection electric field as a potential mechanism to explain the longitudinal variations of wisps. By assuming a uniform duskward convection electric field with an amplitude of ∼1.5 mV/m, our simulations can reasonably reproduce the longitudinal variations of wisps observed in the southern hemisphere on 21 March 2009. Our results support the existence of a convection electric field in the inner belt and suggest that this electric field significantly contributes to the variations in energies and L values of energetic electrons within one drift period.
Subsurface Superoxide Spans the Baltic Sea
Authors: Taenzer Lina , Pardis William , Wankel Scott D. , Kolbe Martin , Voss Maren , Schulz‐Vogt Heide , Burmeister Christian , Hardisty Dalton S. , Hansel Colleen M.
Published: October 2024

Superoxide is a reactive oxygen species that is influential in the redox chemistry of a wide range of biological processes and environmental cycles. Using a novel in situ sensor we report the first water column profiles of superoxide in the Baltic Sea, at concentrations higher than previously observed in other oceans. Our data revealed consistent peaks of superoxide (2.0–15.1 nM) in dark waters just below the mixed layer. The oxic waters, low metal concentrations, and lack of sunlight imply that the peak is likely of biological origin. Several profiles displayed a concomitant dip in dissolved oxygen mirroring this superoxide peak, strongly suggesting a link between the two features. The magnitude and distribution of superoxide observed warrants re‐evaluation of the most relevant sources and controls of superoxide in seawater. Locally, these high concentrations of superoxide may create environments conducive to reactions with trace metals and organic matter and present an overlooked sink of oxygen in the Baltic Sea.
The Relative Role of Indian and Pacific Tropical Heating as Seasonal Predictability Drivers for the North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Senan Retish , Balmaseda Magdalena A. , Molteni Franco , Stockdale Timothy N. , Weisheimer Antje , Johnson Stephanie , Roberts Christopher D.
Published: October 2024

Understanding the predictability drivers for the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) during boreal winter at seasonal time scales remains challenging. This study uses large ensembles with the ECMWF seasonal forecasting system to investigate the relative impact of tropical Indian and Pacific heating on NAO predictability by examining the tropical forcing, teleconnection pathways, and sources of uncertainty. We select three case studies ‐ 1997/98, 2015/16 and 2019/20 ‐ with strong Indian Ocean heating anomalies, but with different El Niño conditions. We show that in 2019/20, with neutral ENSO conditions, Indian Ocean SSTs favor a positive NAO response via stratospheric and tropospheric pathways. In the cases with strong El Niño, we find contrasting results: in 1997/98, the Pacific forcing dominates, producing a negative NAO. In 2015/16, despite the strong El Niño, the Indian Ocean forcing dominates, leading to a positive NAO via intensification of the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV). While the stratospheric pathway exhibits varying responses to Indian Ocean forcing ‐ being weaker in 1997/98 and strongest in 2015/16, the Indian Ocean‐related tropospheric pathway remains robust along the Pacific subtropical jet across years. However, there is destructive interference between teleconnections from Indian and Pacific SST anomalies in both the tropospheric and stratospheric pathways. The competing effects of tropical heating in both basins, uncertainties in the Rossby wave response to tropical heating and SPV variability contribute to uncertainty in seasonal NAO predictions. The flow‐dependent nature of the stratospheric pathway underscores the complexity of seasonal forecast predictability, and the existence of windows of opportunity.
Sectoral Size‐Resolved Particle Number Emissions With Speciation: Emission Profile‐Based Quantification and a Case Study in the Yangtze River Delta Region, China
Authors: An Jingyu , Lu Yiqun , Huang Dan Dan , Ding Xiang , Hu Qingyao , Yan Rusha , Qiao Liping , Zhou Min , Huang Cheng , Wang Hongli , Fu Qingyan , Yu Fangqun , Wang Lin
Published: October 2024

Sizes and number concentrations are critical parameters for the impact of atmospheric particles on climate and human health. However, comprehensive studies focusing on size‐resolved particle number (PN) emissions from various sectors are scarce. This study aims to fill this research gap by developing sectoral size‐resolved PN emissions for major species including sulfate, organic mass (OM), and black carbon (BC). The size‐resolved emission profiles derived from various measurements in the literature were integrated with a particle mass emission inventory (EI) for 13 major sectors in the Yangtze River Delta region of China as a case study. The particle number size distribution (PNSD) of emitted particles exhibited two distinct peaks: one at approximately 10 nm and the other in the range of 40–60 nm. The primary contributors to PN emissions in the region in 2017 were power plants, gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, and cooking sources. In terms of species, OM dominated PN emissions, followed by primary sulfate and then BC. A regional size‐resolved aerosol model employing the size‐resolved PN EI developed here (referred to as the BIN‐SPE experiment) provided reasonably accurate temporal variations of the total PN concentration and captured the PNSD within the size range of 10–300 nm. Uncertainty analysis of sectoral PN emissions across size ranges was carried out and the performance of the BIN‐SPE experiment was compared with those of three commonly used PN emission parameterizations. Our model evaluations highlight future needs for in‐depth investigations into more advanced size‐resolved emissions and secondary OM formation mechanisms.
Deep Forest Modeling: An Interpretable Deep Learning Method for Mineral Prospectivity Mapping
Authors: Dong Yue‐Lin , Zhang Zhen‐Jie
Published: October 2024

Accurate mineral prediction is crucial for reducing costs and uncertainties in mineral discovery and extraction. The use of artificial intelligence and big data has advanced mineral prediction into intelligent forecasting. Machine learning methods have shown significant promise in enhancing outcomes. Currently, neural network‐based approaches dominate deep learning (DL), but they lack interpretability and have high modeling complexity, making them less effective for complex problems and time‐consuming. Deep Forest, an innovative DL paradigm, addresses these issues by dynamically adjusting complexity and providing importance assessments for predictive factors. This study focuses on the North American Cordillera, known for its rich geological data and potential for porphyry copper deposits (PCDs). Predictions are made using Deep Forest with factors like Euclidean distance between faults and magmatic rock, fault line density, gravity anomalies, and stream‐sediment geochemical data. Deep neural networks, random forest, convolutional neural networks, transformer model and graph convolutional networks are also used for comparison. Deep Forest shows high performance and can avoid the black box problem of DL without relying on other tools in DL, providing a new perspective for the development and application of other non‐neural network DL models for mineral prediction. Feature importance analysis shows that geological structure and magmatism significantly influence PCD prediction. Elevated levels of elements like Al, Co, and Cr in stream sediments help identify mineralization‐related alterations. These findings underscore Deep Forest's capability to accurately and efficiently guide mineral exploration, highlighting its potential as a promising approach for mineral prospecting.
Landmine Detection Using Electromagnetic Time Reversal‐Based Methods: 1. Classical TR, Iterative TR, DORT and TR‐MUSIC
Authors: Karami Hamidreza , Koch André , Romero Carlos , Rubinstein Marcos , Rachidi Farhad
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we present a review and classification of the published works on the use of Electromagnetic Time Reversal (EMTR)‐based methods to locate landmines. Different approaches for landmine localization using EMTR are investigated. Specifically, the classical time‐domain EMTR, iterative EMTR, EMTR‐DORT (Décomposition de l’Opérateur du Retournement Temporel), and EMTR‐MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal Classification) are implemented using different numerical techniques. The main properties of the mentioned EMTR‐based approaches are reviewed and the TR‐MUSIC method is selected as the most promising approach for the problem of interest, among all the reviewed methods. In the TR‐MUSIC method, the transfer matrix is calculated in the first step. Then, the singular value decomposition of the transfer matrix is performed. In the last step, the location of the landmines is obtained through the evaluation of the pseudospectrum. As opposed to other EMTR‐based techniques, TR‐MUSIC features very high resolution (in the order of /10 or higher) with a reasonable number of sensors, allowing the detection of multiple closely spaced targets.
Unveiling the role of transgelin as a prognostic and therapeutic target in kidney fibrosis via a proteomic approach
Authors: Kwon Soie , Cheon Seongmin , Kim Kyu-Hong , Seo Areum , Bae Eunjin , Lee Jae Wook , Cha Ran-Hui , Hwang Jin Ho , Kim Yong Chul , Kim Dong Ki , Kim Yon Su , Han Dohyun , Yang Seung-Hee
Published: October 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression involves tubulointerstitial fibrosis, a process characterized by excessive extracellular matrix accumulation. To identify potential biomarkers for kidney fibrosis, we performed mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling of human kidney tubular epithelial cells and kidney tissue from a 5/6 nephrectomy rat model. Multidisciplinary analysis across kidney fibrosis models revealed 351 differentially expressed proteins associated with kidney fibrosis, and they were enriched in processes related to the extracellular matrix, kidney aging, and mitochondrial functions. Network analysis of the selected proteins revealed five crucial proteins, of which transgelin emerged as a candidate protein that interacts with known fibrosis-related proteins. Concordantly, the gene expression of transgelin in the kidney tissue from the 5/6 nephrectomy model was elevated. Transgelin expression in kidney tissue gradually increased from intermediate to advanced fibrosis stages in 5/6 Nx rats and mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Subsequent validation in kidney tissue and urine samples from patients with CKD confirmed the upregulation of transgelin, particularly under advanced disease stages. Moreover, we investigated whether blocking TAGLN ameliorated kidney fibrosis and reduced reactive oxygen species levels in cellular models. In conclusion, our proteomic approach identified TAGLN as a potential noninvasive biomarker and therapeutic target for CKD-associated kidney fibrosis, suggesting its role in modulating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress responses.
Perspectives on obesity imaging: [18F]2FNQ1P a specific 5-HT6 brain PET radiotracer
Authors: Courault Pierre , Bouvard Sandrine , Bouillot Caroline , Bolbos Radu , Zeinyeh Waël , Iecker Thibaut , Liger François , Billard Thierry , Zimmer Luc , Chauveau Fabien , Lancelot Sophie
Published: October 2024

Background

Estimates suggest that approximatively 25% of the world population will be overweight in 2025. Better understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity will help to develop future therapeutics. Serotonin subtype 6 receptors (5-HT6) have been shown to be critically involved in appetite reduction and weight loss. However, it is not known if the pathological cascade triggered by obesity modifies the density of 5-HT6 receptors in the brain.

Methods

Influence of diet-induced obesity (DIO) in Wistar rats was explored using MRI (whole-body fat) and PET ([18F]2FNQ1P as a specific 5-HT6 radiotracer). The primary goal was to monitor the 5-HT6 receptor density before and after a 10-week diet (DIO group). The secondary goal was to compare 5-HT6 receptor densities between DIO group, Wistar control diet group, Zucker rats (with genetic obesity) and Zucker lean strain rats.

Results

Wistar rats fed with high-fat diet showed higher body fat gain than Wistar control diet rats on MRI. [18F]2FNQ1P PET analysis highlighted significant clusters of voxels (located in hippocampus, striatum, cingulate, temporal cortex and brainstem) with increased binding after high-fat diet (p < 0.05, FWE corrected).

Conclusion

This study sheds a new light on the influence of high-fat diet on 5-HT6 receptors. This study also positions [18F]2FNQ1P PET as an innovative tool to explore neuronal consequences of obesity or eating disorder pathophysiology.
Signaling pathways involved in colorectal cancer: pathogenesis and targeted therapy
Authors: Li Qing , Geng Shan , Luo Hao , Wang Wei , Mo Ya-Qi , Luo Qing , Wang Lu , Song Guan-Bin , Sheng Jian-Peng , Xu Bo
Published: October 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Its complexity is influenced by various signal transduction networks that govern cellular proliferation, survival, differentiation, and apoptosis. The pathogenesis of CRC is a testament to the dysregulation of these signaling cascades, which culminates in the malignant transformation of colonic epithelium. This review aims to dissect the foundational signaling mechanisms implicated in CRC, to elucidate the generalized principles underpinning neoplastic evolution and progression. We discuss the molecular hallmarks of CRC, including the genomic, epigenomic and microbial features of CRC to highlight the role of signal transduction in the orchestration of the tumorigenic process. Concurrently, we review the advent of targeted and immune therapies in CRC, assessing their impact on the current clinical landscape. The development of these therapies has been informed by a deepening understanding of oncogenic signaling, leading to the identification of key nodes within these networks that can be exploited pharmacologically. Furthermore, we explore the potential of integrating AI to enhance the precision of therapeutic targeting and patient stratification, emphasizing their role in personalized medicine. In summary, our review captures the dynamic interplay between aberrant signaling in CRC pathogenesis and the concerted efforts to counteract these changes through targeted therapeutic strategies, ultimately aiming to pave the way for improved prognosis and personalized treatment modalities in colorectal cancer.
Circadian clock dysregulation: a potential mechanism of depression in obstructive sleep apnea patients
Authors: Gabryelska Agata , Turkiewicz Szymon , Kaczmarski Piotr , Gajewski Adrian , Białasiewicz Piotr , Strzelecki Dominik , Chałubiński Maciej , Sochal Marcin
Published: October 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by co-occurrence with affective disorders. Our study aims to investigate the association of circadian clock gene expressions, and the presence and severity of depressive symptoms in OSA patients. The study included 184 individuals, who underwent polysomnography (PSG) and had their peripheral blood collected in the evening before and the morning after the PSG. Patients were divided into two groups: the OSA (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > 5) and the control group (AHI < 5). RNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. Expression levels of the selected genes (BMAL1, CLOCK, PER1, CRY1, NPAS2, and NR1D1) were assessed by qRT-PCR. Questionnaire data was collected in the morning (including the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Chronotype Questionnaire (CQ), and Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)). The expression of all examined circadian clock genes in OSA patients was upregulated in the morning compared to the evening (except NPAS2). No differences were observed between OSA and control groups at either time point. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the severity of depressive symptoms (assessed with MADRS) and morning expression of circadian genes in the group of OSA patients. Finally, in multivariable linear regression, ISI score (B = 0.750, p < 0.001), AM score of CQ (B = 0.416, p = 0.007), and morning PER1 gene expression (B = 4.310, p = 0.042) were found to be predictive factors for greater severity of depression symptoms in OSA patients. Dysregulated circadian clock gene expression in OSA patients is linked to depressive symptom severity, suggesting circadian disruption may underlie affective symptoms in OSA.
HNRNPC mediates lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer through m6A-dependent alternative splicing of FOXM1
Authors: Liu Yun-Yun , Xia Meng , Chen Zhi-Bo , Liao Yuan-Dong , Zhang Chun-Yu , Yuan Li , Pan Yu-Wen , Huang Hua , Lu Huai-Wu , Yao Shu-Zhong
Published: October 2024

Cervical cancer (CCa) patients with lymph node (LN) metastasis face poor prognoses and have limited treatment options. Aberrant N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of RNAs are known to promote tumor metastasis, but their role in CCa remains unclear. Our study reveals that HNRNPC, an alternative splicing (AS) factor and m6A reader, increases tumor-related variants through m6A-dependent manner, thereby promoting lymphatic metastasis in CCa. We found that HNRNPC overexpression correlates with lymphatic metastasis and poorer prognoses in CCa patients. Functionally, knocking down HNRNPC markedly inhibited the migration and invasion of several CCa cell lines, while supplementing HNRNPC restored the malignant phenotypes of these cells. Mechanistically, HNRNPC regulates exon skipping of FOXM1 by binding to its m6A-modified motif. Mutating the m6A site on FOXM1 weakened the interaction between HNRNPC and FOXM1 pre-RNA, leading to a reduction in the metastasis-related FOXM1-S variant. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that m6A-dependent alternative splicing mediated by HNRNPC is essential for lymphatic metastasis in CCa, potentially providing novel clinical markers and therapeutic strategies for patients with advanced CCa.
Mechanochemically responsive polymer enables shockwave visualization
Authors: Centellas Polette J. , Mehringer Kyle D. , Bowman Andrew L. , Evans Katherine M. , Vagholkar Parth , Thornell Travis L. , Huang Liping , Morgan Sarah E. , Soles Christopher L. , Simon Yoan C. , Chan Edwin P.
Published: October 2024

Understanding the physical and chemical response of materials to impulsive deformation is crucial for applications ranging from soft robotic locomotion to space exploration to seismology. However, investigating material properties at extreme strain rates remains challenging due to temporal and spatial resolution limitations. Combining high-strain-rate testing with mechanochemistry encodes the molecular-level deformation within the material itself, thus enabling the direct quantification of the material response. Here, we demonstrate a mechanophore-functionalized block copolymer that self-reports energy dissipation mechanisms, such as bond rupture and acoustic wave dissipation, in response to high-strain-rate impacts. A microprojectile accelerated towards the polymer permanently deforms the material at a shallow depth. At intersonic velocities, the polymer reports significant subsurface energy absorption due to shockwave attenuation, a mechanism traditionally considered negligible compared to plasticity and not well explored in polymers. The acoustic wave velocity of the material is directly recovered from the mechanochemically-activated subsurface volume recorded in the material, which is validated by simulations, theory, and acoustic measurements. This integration of mechanochemistry with microballistic testing enables characterization of high-strain-rate mechanical properties and elucidates important insights applicable to nanomaterials, particle-reinforced composites, and biocompatible polymers.
One Health collaboration is more effective than single-sector actions at mitigating SARS-CoV-2 in deer
Authors: Cook Jonathan D. , Rosenblatt Elias , Direnzo Graziella V. , Campbell Grant Evan H. , Mosher Brittany A. , Arce Fernando , Christensen Sonja A. , Ghai Ria R. , Runge Michael C.
Published: October 2024

One Health aims to achieve optimal health outcomes for people, animals, plants, and shared environments. We describe a multisector effort to understand and mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk to humans via the spread among and between captive and wild white-tailed deer. We first framed a One Health problem with three governance sectors that manage captive deer, wild deer populations, and public health. The problem framing included identifying fundamental objectives, causal chains for transmission, and management actions. We then developed a dynamic model that linked deer herds and simulated SARS-CoV-2. Next, we evaluated management alternatives for their ability to reduce SARS-CoV-2 spread in white-tailed deer. We found that single-sector alternatives reduced transmission, but that the best-performing alternative required collaborative actions among wildlife management, agricultural management, and public health agencies. Here, we show quantitative support that One Health actions outperform single-sector responses, but may depend on coordination to track changes in this evolving system.
HyLight: Strain aware assembly of low coverage metagenomes
Authors: Kang Xiongbin , Zhang Wenhai , Li Yichen , Luo Xiao , Schönhuth Alexander
Published: October 2024

Different strains of identical species can vary substantially in terms of their spectrum of biomedically relevant phenotypes. Reconstructing the genomes of microbial communities at the level of their strains poses significant challenges, because sequencing errors can obscure strain-specific variants. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) reads are too short to resolve complex genomic regions. Third-generation sequencing (TGS) reads, although longer, are prone to higher error rates or substantially more expensive. Limiting TGS coverage to reduce costs compromises the accuracy of the assemblies. This explains why prior approaches agree on losses in strain awareness, accuracy, tendentially excessive costs, or combinations thereof. We introduce HyLight, a metagenome assembly approach that addresses these challenges by implementing the complementary strengths of TGS and NGS data. HyLight employs strain-resolved overlap graphs (OG) to accurately reconstruct individual strains within microbial communities. Our experiments demonstrate that HyLight produces strain-aware and contiguous assemblies at minimal error content, while significantly reducing costs because utilizing low-coverage TGS data. HyLight achieves an average improvement of 19.05% in preserving strain identity and demonstrates near-complete strain awareness across diverse datasets. In summary, HyLight offers considerable advances in metagenome assembly, insofar as it delivers significantly enhanced strain awareness, contiguity, and accuracy without the typical compromises observed in existing approaches.
Climate-driven global redistribution of an ocean giant predicts increased threat from shipping
Authors: Womersley Freya C. , Sousa Lara L. , Humphries Nicolas E. , Abrantes Kátya , Araujo Gonzalo , Bach Steffen S. , Barnett Adam , Berumen Michael L. , Lion Sandra Bessudo , Braun Camrin D. , Clingham Elizabeth , Cochran Jesse E. M. , de la Parra Rafael , Diamant Stella , Dove Alistair D. M. , Duarte Carlos M. , Dudgeon Christine L. , Erdmann Mark V. , Espinoza Eduardo , Ferreira Luciana C. , Fitzpatrick Richard , Cano Jaime González , Green Jonathan R. , Guzman Hector M. , Hardenstine Royale , Hasan Abdi , Hazin Fábio H. V. , Hearn Alex R. , Hueter Robert E. , Jaidah Mohammed Y. , Labaja Jessica , Ladino Felipe , Macena Bruno C. L. , Meekan Mark G. , Morris John J. , Norman Bradley M. , Peñaherrera-Palma Cesar R. , Pierce Simon J. , Quintero Lina Maria , Ramírez-Macías Dení , Reynolds Samantha D. , Robinson David P. , Rohner Christoph A. , Rowat David R. L. , Sequeira Ana M. M. , Sheaves Marcus , Shivji Mahmood S. , Sianipar Abraham B. , Skomal Gregory B. , Soler German , Syakurachman Ismail , Thorrold Simon R. , Thums Michele , Tyminski John P. , Webb D. Harry , Wetherbee Bradley M. , Queiroz Nuno , Sims David W.
Published: October 2024

Climate change is shifting animal distributions. However, the extent to which future global habitats of threatened marine megafauna will overlap existing human threats remains unresolved. Here we use global climate models and habitat suitability estimated from long-term satellite-tracking data of the world’s largest fish, the whale shark, to show that redistributions of present-day habitats are projected to increase the species’ co-occurrence with global shipping. Our model projects core habitat area losses of >50% within some national waters by 2100, with geographic shifts of over 1,000 km (∼12 km yr−1). Greater habitat suitability is predicted in current range-edge areas, increasing the co-occurrence of sharks with large ships. This future increase was ∼15,000 times greater under high emissions compared with a sustainable development scenario. Results demonstrate that climate-induced global species redistributions that increase exposure to direct sources of mortality are possible, emphasizing the need for quantitative climate-threat predictions in conservation assessments of endangered marine megafauna.
POLCAM: instant molecular orientation microscopy for the life sciences
Authors: Bruggeman Ezra , Zhang Oumeng , Needham Lisa-Maria , Körbel Markus , Daly Sam , Cheetham Matthew , Peters Ruby , Wu Tingting , Klymchenko Andrey S. , Davis Simon J. , Paluch Ewa K. , Klenerman David , Lew Matthew D. , O’Holleran Kevin , Lee Steven F.
Published: October 2024

Current methods for single-molecule orientation localization microscopy (SMOLM) require optical setups and algorithms that can be prohibitively slow and complex, limiting widespread adoption for biological applications. We present POLCAM, a simplified SMOLM method based on polarized detection using a polarization camera, which can be easily implemented on any wide-field fluorescence microscope. To make polarization cameras compatible with single-molecule detection, we developed theory to minimize field-of-view errors, used simulations to optimize experimental design and developed a fast algorithm based on Stokes parameter estimation that can operate over 1,000-fold faster than the state of the art, enabling near-instant determination of molecular anisotropy. To aid in the adoption of POLCAM, we developed open-source image analysis software and a website detailing hardware installation and software use. To illustrate the potential of POLCAM in the life sciences, we applied our method to study α-synuclein fibrils, the actin cytoskeleton of mammalian cells, fibroblast-like cells and the plasma membrane of live human T cells.
Canine vector-borne infections of working dogs of the Sri Lanka Air Force, and free roaming, and privately owned dogs
Authors: Jayatilaka P. S. , Ranatunga R. A. S. , Wijerathna H. S. U. , Fernando A. D. S. , Jinarathne K. M. H. , Naullage N. G. R. K. , Silva S. N. S. , Thananjayan K. , Amarasiri L. K. H. R. T. , Jayasundara N. P. K. , Mallawa M. C. K. , Dangolla A. , Iddamaldeniya S. S. , Samarakoon S. M. N. S. , Dayananda A. G. M. L. K. , Nazeem A. M. M. , Rajakaruna R. S.
Published: October 2024

Canine vector-borne infections (CVBIs) are a global health problem. The military working dogs of Sri Lanka die at an early age, and CVBIs have been a leading speculated cause. We examined CVBIs in the working dogs of the Sri Lanka air force (SLAF) and free-roaming dogs (FRDs) and privately owned dogs (PODs) country-wide. Giemsa-stained smears were prepared and conventional PCR-positive DNA was subjected to sequencing and phylogeny. Of the 668 dogs sampled, 212 (31.7%) had one or more CVBIs. The prevalence of infections among the FRDs (40.0%) was significantly higher than SLAF working dogs (30.0%; χ2 = 10.5216; p = 0.0012) and PODs (26.2%; χ2 = 5.3414, p = 0.0208) but not between SLAF dogs and PODs (χ2 = 1.7655, p = 0.1838). Many infected dogs were asymptomatic (57.4%), which was higher among the FRDs. Seven infectious agents were identified: Babesia gibsoni, B. canis, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Leishmania sp., Hepatozoon canis, and filaria worms. The most common infection was B. gibsoni (13.8%), followed by E. canis (9.9%). Three tick species: Rhipicephalus linneai, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides and Haemophysalis bispinosa were found infesting the dogs. The SLAF dogs were thoroughly quarantined upon arrival, but the infection prevalence was similar to PODs.
Prediction of adolescent depression from prenatal and childhood data from ALSPAC using machine learning
Authors: Yoo Arielle , Li Fangzhou , Youn Jason , Guan Joanna , Guyer Amanda E. , Hostinar Camelia E. , Tagkopoulos Ilias
Published: October 2024

Depression is a major cause of disability and mortality for young people worldwide and is typically first diagnosed during adolescence. In this work, we present a machine learning framework to predict adolescent depression occurring between ages 12 and 18 years using environmental, biological, and lifestyle features of the child, mother, and partner from the child’s prenatal period to age 10 years using data from 8467 participants enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We trained and compared several cross-sectional and longitudinal machine learning techniques and found the resulting models predicted adolescent depression with recall (0.59 ± 0.20), specificity (0.61 ± 0.17), and accuracy (0.64 ± 0.13), using on average 39 out of the 885 total features (4.4%) included in the models. The leading informative features in our predictive models of adolescent depression were female sex, parental depression and anxiety, and exposure to stressful events or environments. This work demonstrates how using a broad array of evidence-driven predictors from early in life can inform the development of preventative decision support tools to assist in the early detection of risk for mental illness.
Yellow pea-based pasta's impacts on the salt intake, glycemic parameters and oxidative stress in healthy individuals: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ito Mamoru , Yoshimoto Joto , Ishii Sho , Maeda Tetsuya , Wada Yu , Yonei Yoshikazu , Kishi Mikiya , Ono Takahiro
Published: October 2024

Pea (Pisum sativum L.), a widely cultivated legumes globally, is attracting interest as a functional food owing to its antioxidant properties derived from nutritional components such as polyphenols. We previously reported that yellow pea-based pasta (YPP) aids in controlling blood glucose and enhances the sensitivity to saltiness. This study examined the antioxidant effect of YPP and its effects on the salt intake and postprandial blood glucose levels by simulating a real-life scenario. In this open, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, 40 healthy adult men and women aged 20–65 years, whose salt intake exceeded the target salt equivalent level of the Japanese dietary intake standard, were allocated to the following groups (n = 20): the group consuming one serving of YPP per day and the group maintaining their regular daily dietary habits. The participants who were allocated to the YPP group showed significantly improved oxidative stress markers (BAP/d-ROMs ratio change: control =  − 0.11, YPP = 0.27, p = 0.044; lipid peroxide change: control = 0.11, YPP =  − 0.25, p < 0.001) than control participants. The effects on salt intake and blood glucose levels were limited. In conclusion, YPP may serve as a functional staple food that improves oxidative stress.