bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feeding behaviour of pit building of antlion Myrmeleon pseudohyalinus, Holzel 1972 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) in different mediums, instars and hunger levels
Authors: Anila K. , Kakkassery Francy K , Jose Joyce
Published: May 2022

Feeding behaviour of Myrmeleon pseudohyalinus (Holzel, 1972) larvae was studied in sand and soil media for second and third instars, and at two hunger levels (fed/starved) in laboratory conditions. Common ant Anoplolepis gracilipes (Smith, 1857) was used as prey in all the experiments. From the eight experiments, feeding time, prey escape and capture success were analysed. The predatory efficiency studied indicated that the capture success was high in second instar larvae irrespective of hunger level and medium. The relationships between selected behaviour, instar, medium and condition were studied and also the relationship between selected behaviour, instar, medium, condition and time period were analysed. From the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), it is clear that the prey beating, emergence and submergence behaviours were influenced by the larval instar (second and third) and quiescence, pit clearing and jaw set behaviour patterns were influenced by their condition (fed or starved). CCA also shows an influence of time period in the feeding behaviour pattern of antlion larvae.
Larvicidal potential of rhizome extracts of Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton against filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Mallick Subrata
Published: May 2022

Investigation on the larvicidal potential of Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton rhizome extracts against filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, was undertaken with crude concentrations 0.1-0.5 per cent and 40, 50, and 60 ppm of each of petroleum ether, hexane and ethyl acetate rhizome extracts revealed that first instar larvae were most susceptible to crude rhizome extract with 100 per cent mortality at 0.5% after 24 hrs of exposure. Among three solvent extracts, ethyl acetate extract showed maximum mortality (96.66±3.33%) at 60 ppm after 72 hrs of exposure. LC50 values of larvicidal bioassays by crude rhizome extract were 0.1002, 0.0794, 0.1275 and 0.6334 ppm for 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars larvae after 72 hrs of exposure, respectively and LC50 values for larvicidal bioassays by petroleum ether, hexane, and ethyl acetate rhizome extracts were 48.3629, 40.9613 and 37.0282 ppm against 3rd instar larvae after 72 hrs of exposure, respectively. Preliminary phytochemical analyses of the rhizome extracts showed presence of secondary metabolites. Non target organisms, tadpoles of frog and 4th instar larvae of Chironomus circumdatus, were not affected by the crude as well as ethyl acetate rhizome extracts. Larvicidal efficacy of the rhizome extracts of E. Cardamomum against Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquito species has been reported first time.
Insect pests of Ocimum sanctum Linn. in Karnataka
Authors: Manjula K.N. , Renuka S. , Rishi R. Raja , Sundararaj R.
Published: May 2022

Survey conducted on Ocimum sanctum Linn. growing in Karnataka revealed the infestation of 16 species of insect pests. Of these, eleven are new records on O. sanctum in Karnataka state.
About Issue 2 of 2022
Authors: Izarova Iryna
Published: May 2022

This issue was undoubtedly the most challenging in my life due to events that I would never have believed could happen in my lifetime or afterward. The heredity of WW2 seemed to me so remarkable and obvious, contemporary human rights values looked so strong and indisputable, that any such open and destructive violations of these rights could hardly be imagined by even the most sceptical people in Europe. Despite many reasonable grounds for this scepticism appearing since 2014, I preferred to believe that these were only politicians’ games and that nobody could ever cross this Rubicon. Yet, during these last months, the whole world has been faced with unprecedented acts against the independent and democratic state in Europe, the ancient nation, and the whole idea of the rule of law.
The war in Ukraine has become an event of worldwide relevance: the effects of this war will be borne by future generations of Europeans who are suffering now because of it. Millions of Ukrainians moved to the EU member states and abroad, leaving their homes and property. Many individuals have become victims of war crimes. All this should be the basis for rethinking access to justice as a concept, as well as our system of preventing such a conflict in the future.
Even though this war is not the first war in Europe, we must learn lessons from the current events and take the next steps to uphold the rule of law and human rights protection, as was done after WW2. The necessity of an effective conflict resolution system is clear if we are to prevent overcrowded courts and resolve the uncertainties in European society at large.
Impacto de la Política e Inversión Pública en los Servicios de Saneamiento Lima
Authors: Calderón-Llaguento Juan
Published: May 2022

El presente trabajo pretende establecer el impacto de la Política Nacional de Saneamiento y las Inversiones Públicas en los servicios de saneamiento de la ciudad de Lima y Callao que tiene una población de 9.6 millones de habitantes y que al año 2020 tiene una cobertura del 92.4% el servicio de agua potable y 91.8% con el servicio de alcantarillado.Considerando que la Política Nacional de Saneamiento tiene como objetivo proporcionar el acceso de estos servicios a todos los pobladores de las zonas urbanas al año 2021 y la universalización de los servicios en forma sostenible antes del año 2030 (PNS-2017), estableciendo como factor crítico de este éxito el fortalecimiento de las Empresas Prestadoras de Servicios - EPS y garantizar Inversiones Públicas eficientes que contribuyan a disminuir las brechas de estos servicios, se analizará información cuantitativa y cualitativa de carácter presupuestal, financiera y principalmente indicadores sobre el impacto de las inversiones públicas en los servicios de saneamiento, acompañados de estadísticas y modelos de regresión, que verifiquen las razones por que al finalizar el 2020 existe aún 731 mil personas que carecen de agua potable y 793 mil sin el servicio de alcantarillado, lo cual se explica en parte, por la ausencia de un correcto diagnostico en la política pública sobre el marco legal y técnico que existen en la ejecución de las inversiones públicas eficientes.
Engineering Countermeasures for Left Turns at Signalized Intersections: A Review
Authors: Samuel Siby , Singh Amandeep , Yamani Yusuke
Published: May 2022

Left turn crashes can impact the safety of the drivers due to the speed and angle at which they occur. Left turns are specifically reported to affect older drivers more than the other types of crashes. This paper provides a review of the existing engineering countermeasures that have been evaluated to improve driver safety at left turns. Twentyeight studies on left turn signal displays (protected left turns, flashing yellow arrow, and digital countdown timers), intersection geometry (offset left turn lanes, diverging diamond interchange, roundabouts, exit lanes for left turn, left turn bay extension, and contraflow left turn lanes), and driver warning systems (infrastructure warning systems, and in-vehicle warning systems) are reviewed. Eighteen studies were evaluated in the field, nine in laboratory environments, and one online. All countermeasures demonstrated varying levels of effectiveness. We found protected left turns, roundabouts, and warning systems to be the most effective engineering countermeasures. Advantages and disadvantages of each countermeasure and research shortcomings of the evaluation studies are discussed. Review findings may help practitioners and researchers guide more effective countermeasures for left turns for older drivers.
Por que errar ainda é tão errado? Algumas reflexões sobre o papel do erro no ensino e na avaliação de matemática.
Authors: Vaz Rafael Filipe Novôa
Published: May 2022

Alguns obstáculos precisam ser discutidos e superados para que as práticas avaliativas voltadas às aprendizagens sejam implementadas no sistema educacional. Pensar em uma avaliação formativa, seja através dos exames ou de outros formatos avaliativos, requer o rompimento da visão classificatória da avaliação e da perspectiva dicotômica do erro. O principal argumento que defendo neste texto é que a existência de uma avaliação formativa perpassa pelo reconhecimento do erro como um elemento de grande potencial pedagógico. Ao interpretarmos o erro como um representante da ‘não aprendizagem, do ‘não saber’, reduzimos as possibilidades de intervenções didáticas. Entretanto, se interpretamos o erro como elemento de um processo, de um saber em construção, rompendo a dicotomia do certo e do errado, ampliamos as perspectivas da utilização do erro como um trampolim para a aprendizagem.
Posture and Helmet Configuration Effects on Joint Reaction Loads in the Middle Cervical Spine
Authors: Barrett Jeff M. , McKinnon Colin D. , Dickerson Clark R. , Laing Andrew C. , Callaghan Jack P.
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCTION: Between 43 and 97% of helicopter pilots in the Canadian Armed Forces report neck pain. Potential contributing factors include the weight of their helmet, night vision goggles (NVG), and counterweight (CW) combined with deviated neck postures. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to quantify changes in neck loads associated with posture, helmet, NVG, and CW.

METHODS: Eight male subjects volunteered. They undertook one of five deviated neck postures (flexion, extension, lateral bending, axial rotation) times four configurations (no helmet, helmet only, helmet and NVG, and helmet, NVG, and CW). 3D kinematics and EMG from 10 muscles (5 bilaterally) drove a 3D inverse dynamics, EMG-driven model of the cervical spine which calculated joint compression and shear at C5-C6.

RESULTS: The compression in the neutral posture was 116.5 (5.7) N, which increased to 143.7 (11.4) N due to a 12.7 N helmet. NVGs, weighing 7.9 N, also generated this disproportionate increase, where the compression was 164.2 (3.7) N. In flexion or extension, the compression increased with increasing head-supported mass, with a maximum of 315.8 (67.5) N with the CW in flexion. Anteroposterior shear was highest in the lateral bending [34.0 (6.2) N] condition, but was generally low (< 30 N). Mediolateral shear was less than 5 N for all conditions.

DISCUSSION: Repositioning the center of gravity of the helmet with either NVGs or CW resulted in posture-specific changes to loading. Posture demonstrated a greater potential to reposition the head segment’s center of gravity compared to the helmet design. Therefore, helmet designs which consider repositioning the center of gravity may reduce loads in one posture, but likely exacerbate loading in other postures.

Barrett JM, McKinnon CD, Dickerson CR, Laing AC, Callaghan JP. Posture and helmet configuration effects on joint reaction loads in the middle cervical spine. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(5):458–466.
Hyperventilation-Induced Hypocapnia in an Aviator
Authors: Kramer Kathleen E. P. , Anderson Eric E.
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Physiological episodes are a top safety concern for aviators across the United States military. While many cases and a variety of causes for physiological episodes have been described, few cases, if any, have been reported of hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia and transient loss of consciousness.

CASE REPORT: Here we describe a case of an aviator who experienced tingling extremities, confusion, and loss of consciousness during a flight. The aviator incorrectly believed he was experiencing hypoxia and continued to take multiple steps to troubleshoot the wrong underlying problem for his symptoms. Evaluation after landing suggested this was instead a stress-induced hyperventilation that resulted in symptomatic hypocapnia.

DISCUSSION: We report this case to add to the body of literature in understanding this phenomenon as well as to provide aviators, physiologists, and flight surgeons with practical suggestions for recognizing hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia and awareness of how to remedy this situation when they recognize it.

Kramer KEP, Anderson EE. Hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia in an aviator. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(5):470–471.
Incidental Findings in Head and Brain MRI of Military Pilots and Applicants: Consequences for Medical Flight Fitness
Authors: Kühn Sven , Sönksen Sven-Erik , Noble Hans-Jürgen , Knopf Heinz , Frischmuth Jörg , Waldeck Stephan , Müller-Forell Wibke , Weber Frank , Bressem Lothar
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCTION: With improved imaging technology, the number of incidental findings detected in cerebral MRI is increasing. This is a challenge that the German Air Force has to deal with in the context of standardized MRI examinations of young pilot candidates and pilots.

METHODS: The German Air Force Centre of Aerospace Medicine hosted a 2-d conference to develop recommendations and procedures for the handling of some of the most frequently encountered cerebral incidental findings.

RESULTS: Radiological MRI findings from a total of 2724 routine examinations of the skull of pilots and pilot applicants (26.8 ± 10.6 yr old; range from 16 to 62; over 80% range from 17 to 33; 96% men) revealed that in 28.1% of the examinations, one or more incidental findings were discovered. For seven of the following categories of incidental findings, decision guidelines could be established: white matter hyperintensities (N = 393; prevalence 14.4%; 95% CI 13.11–15.75), pinealis cysts (317; 11.6%; 10.43–12.84), developmental venous anomalies (64; 2.3%; 1.78–2.92), cavernomas (15; 0.6%; 0.27–0.83), aneurysms (14; 0.5%; 0.25–0.78), cholesterol granulomas (22; 0.8%; 0.47–1.14), and heterotopias of the gray matter (6; 0.2%; 0.04–0.4).

CONCLUSION: Considering pilots health and aviation safety, a waiver decision is often possible after thorough discussion, depending on the specific criteria of the incidental finding and of the type of license.

Kühn S, Sönksen S-E, Noble H-J, Knopf H, Frischmuth J, Waldeck S, Müller-Forell W, Weber F, Bressem L. Incidental findings in head and brain MRI of military pilots and applicants: consequences for medical flight fitness. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(5):450–457.
Numerical simulation of Thermomechanical Effects in Absorbing Liquids upon Excitation by Pulsed Laser Radiation
Authors: Romanov Oleg , Plavskii Vitalii , Baum Olga
Published: May 2022

Using the method of numerically solving the equations of motion of continuous media in the Lagrange form, simulations of the processes of excitation of pulsed acoustic beams during heating of absorbing liquids under an action of pulsed laser radiation has been carried out. The calculation of three-dimensional fields of temperature, pressure, density and velocity under the action of laser pulses with Gaussian spatial profile has been performed.
Sağlık Çalışanlarında İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Yeterlilik Algısının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KOCAAY Funda , KÜÇÜK BİÇER Burcu
Published: May 2022

Amaç: Covid-19 pandemisi sürecinde sağlık çalışanlarının iş sağlığı ve güvenliği (İSG) yeterlilik algısı değerlendirilmek ve eksikliklerin saptanarak uygun çözüm önerileri geliştirilmek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 550 sağlık çalışanının katıldığı tanımlayıcı kesitsel tipteki araştırmada web tabanlı bir veri toplama formu ile iş sağlığı ve güvenliği yeterlilik algısını ölçülmüştür. İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Yeterlilik Algısı Ölçeği (İSGYAÖ) ile cinsiyet, öğrenim durumu, yaş gibi bazı sosyo-demografik özellikler ve çalışma süresi, iş kazası geçirme, İSG eğitimi alma gibi bazı çalışma yaşamına ilişkin özellikleri içeren bir veri toplama formu kullanılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı ve çıkarımsal veri analizi için SPSS 22.0 versiyonu kullanılarak t-testi, ANOVA, ki-kare ve lineer regresyon testleri yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Sağlık çalışanlarının %32,5’i erkek ve yaş ortalaması 40,56±12,6 yıldır. Çalışanlarının %16,5’i iş kazası geçirmiş, kadın çalışanlar erkek çalışanlara göre daha fazla iş kazası geçirdiğini belirtmiştir (p=0,027). Araştırmada ISGYAÖ puan ortalaması 97,64±27,6’dır. Kadın sağlık çalışanlarının, üniversite ve üzeri eğitim alan sağlık çalışanlarının, 31-45 yaş grubunda olanların ve hekim-hemşirelik mesleğini icra edenlerin İSGYAÖ puanı daha yüksektir (sırasıyla p=0,024; p=0,007; p=0,014; p=0,013). Katılımcıların mesleği (2,236; p=0,028) ve iş kazası geçirme durumunun (-29,871; p
Gebelikte Doğum Korkusu ve Etkileyen Faktörler
Authors: BİLGE Çiğdem , DÖNMEZ Sevgül , OLGAÇ Zeliha , PİRİNÇÇİ Fatih
Published: May 2022

Amaç: Araştırma gebe kadınların doğum korkularını ve bu korkuları etkileyen faktörlerini belirlemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı tasarımda yapılmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nin kadın hastalıkları ve doğum polikliniğinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya 203 gebe dahil edilmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında gebelerin sosyodemografik özelliklerini belirleyen tanılama formu ve doğum korkusunu değerlendiren Wijma Doğum Beklentisi/ Deneyimi Ölçeği- A Versiyonu kullanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS 20,0 programında tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Student t-testi, Ki-Kare ve Mann Whitney U analizleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 28,36±4,85 olup, %42,8'inin üniversite mezunu ve %64,9'unun gelir düzeyi gider düzeyine eşit olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırmada gebelerin doğum korkusu puan ortalamasının 52,48±15,70 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Gebelerin bulundukları trimester dönemleri, gebelikte eşinden destek alma, daha önce gebelik geçirme durumları ile doğum korkusu puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte canlı doğum sayısı, önceki doğum şekli ve doğum öncesi gebelik ve doğum ile ilgili bilgi alma durumları arasında Wijma Doğum Beklentisi/ Deneyimi Ölçeği puan ortalamaları arasındaki ilişki bulunamamıştır.

Sonuç: Araştırmada, gebelerin doğum korkusu düzeyleri yüksek bulunmuştur. Yaşı daha genç olan, eğitim seviyesi yüksek, geliri giderinden az olduğunu ifade eden, gebelerde de doğum korkusu yüksek, ilk gebeliği olan, eşinden fiziksel ya da duygusal destek alamadığını ifade eden ve ikinci trimesterde olan kadınların doğum korkusunun daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından verilen eğitim ile kadınların doğum korkusunun azaldığı saptanmıştır.
Tekrarlayan Gebelik Kayıpları Nedeniyle Çalışılan 306 Çiftin Kromozom Analizi ve Trombofili Parametrelerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Tek Merkez Deneyimi
Authors: DOĞAN Mustafa , GEZDİRİCİ Alper , YAVAŞ Cüneyd , ERÖZ Recep
Published: May 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, hastanemize tekrarlayan gebelik kaybı nedeniyle başvuran çiftlere uygun genetik danışmanlık verebilmek için hem majör kromozom anomalilerinin hem de trombofili parametrelerinin etiyolojideki rolünü araştırmaktır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza tekrarlayan gebelik kaybı nedeniyle Başakşehir Çam ve Sakura Şehir Hastanesi Genetik Hastalıklar Değerlendirme Merkezi'ne başvuran toplam 306 çift dâhil edildi. Tüm hastalarda kromozom analizleri ve 306 bayanda trombofili parametrelerinin analizleri gerçekleştirildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmamızda toplam 306 çiftin 13’ünde (%4,25) polimorfizm dışında kalan kromozomal anomaliler tespit edildi. 4 hastada robertsonian translokasyon, 3 hastada resiprokal traslokasyon, 4 hastada mozaik kromozom kuruluşu, 1 hastada yapısal kromozal dengesizlik (derivatif kromozom) ve 1 hastada sayısal kromozal anomali varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Geriye kalan 293 çiftin kromozom analizi normaldi. Çalışmamızda trombofili parametreleri analiz edilen 306 bayan olgunun yaklaşık %10’unda Faktör V Leiden varyantı saptanırken, Faktör II G20210A varyantı ise yaklaşık %3,5 oranında saptanmıştır. 3 hastada (%1) Faktör V Leiden varyantı homozigot, 27 hastada ise Faktör V Leiden varyantı (%8,8) heterozigot olarak saptanmıştır. 10 hastanın (%3,3) Faktör II G20210A varyantını heterozigot olarak taşıdıkları saptanmıştır. Faktör II G20210A varyantını homozigot olarak taşıtan bir hasta çalışmamızda saptanmamıştır.

Sonuç: Mevcut bilgiler ve geçmişteki literatür çalışmaları eşliğinde tekrarlayan gebelik kaybı nedeniyle değerlendirilen çiftlerde etiyolojiyi aydınlatmak için kromozom analizi ve trombofili parametrelerinin değerlendirilmesini ve bu parametrelerde ilişkili olduğu düşünülen bir neden saptandığında tedavi imkanları bulunduğundan dolayı özellikle yardımcı üreme tekniklerinden önce bu analizlerin yapılmasını önermekteyiz.
Effects Of Wall Confinement On The Flame Topology And Lean Blowout Characteristics In A Partially Premixed Single Swirl Gas Turbine Model Combustor
Authors:   Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of MOE, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shi Xiaoxiang , Liu Zundi ,   Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of MOE, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xi Zhongya ,   Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of MOE, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yang Xiaoyuan ,   Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of MOE, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Lian Tianyou ,   Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of MOE, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dulin Vladimir ,   Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, Chikishev Leonid ,   Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, Markovich Dmitriy ,   Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, Li Yuyang ,   Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
Published: May 2022

This work investigated the effects of wall confinement on lean blowout (LBO) characteristics of partially premixed methane/air flames in a single swirl gas turbine model combustor (GTMC). Two different swirlers with flat and fillet sleeve structures (SWA and SWB) were adopted under fully confined and unconfined conditions for comparison. The velocity field characteristics were measured by 2D Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), while the flame macrostructures were obtained by CH* chemiluminescence imaging. Distinctively, different types of flame shapes and flow field patterns were observed under fully confined and unconfined conditions and an evident transition of flow field topology from nonreacting to reacting cases related to the Coanda effect was only found in the SWB cases. The results show that the confined flames have a larger expansion angle than the unconfined, and the LBO limits (ϕLBO) shift to much higher equivalence ratios corresponding to better stability performance. Additionally, the ϕLBO characteristics present a slight difference between the SWA and SWB cases, and the Reynolds number (Re) also has a limited effect. Thus, wall confinement is a dominant factor that affects the flame topology and ϕLBO which should be considered in practical gas turbine applications.
The Effects of Strong-Weak Swirling Interaction on Emissions In a Multi- Nozzle Model Combustor
Authors:   Shanghai Jiaotong University, Jin Ming , Ge* Bing ,   Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shi Ting ,   Shanghai Jiaotong University, Lu YuDi ,   Shanghai Jiaotong University, Zang ShuSheng ,   Shanghai Jiaotong University
Published: May 2022

A linearly three-nozzle rectangular model combustor is designed in this study to investigate the effects of strong-weak swirling interaction on emissions. The swirl number of the nozzles on both sides is 0.72 and that of the middle nozzle are 0.72 and 1.02 respectively. High-frequency particle imaging velocimetry (HPIV) and RANS numerical calculation methods are applied to study the influence of swirling interaction on the flow field and emission characteristics. During reacting experiments and simulations, the fuel flow rate remains unchanged and the equivalence ratio varies from 0.53 to 0.83 by increasing the air flow rate. Experimental and calculation results show that with the swirl number of center swirler increasing from 0.72 to 1.02, the "strong-weak" swirling interaction between center and side swirlers strengthens the turbulence intensity of the swirling shear layers, which can effectively improve mixing between the fresh premixed gas and the burned high-temperature gas to promote combustion characteristics. CO emissions are reduced from 20 to 40 ppm in the equal-strength swirling interaction to below 4 ppm in the "strong-weak" swirling interaction. NOx emissions remain basically unchanged. The "strong-weak" swirling interaction also raises the vorticity of the main recirculation zone, this strengthens the entrainment of high-temperature burned gas into the recirculation zone to stabilize flame combustion and widen the operating conditions which make the extinction equivalence ratio change from 0.59 to 0.53. In this paper, the equal-strength swirling interaction is transformed into a "strong-weak" swirling interaction through increasing the swirling number of center nozzle, which reaches the goal of extending the blowout equivalence ratio and reducing pollutant emissions to achieve stable, high-efficiency, low-emission combustion.
Effect Of Circumferential Total Pressure Distortion On Stability In An Axial Flow Compressor
Authors:   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liu Yang , Li Jichao ,   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Du Juan ,   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhang Hongwu ,   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nie Chaoqun ,   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2022

The effect of circumferential total pressure distortion on aerodynamic stability was experimentally investigated in an axial flow compressor. Different circumferential distorted inflow fields were generated with a flat-baffle installed upstream the compressor. Using a collection of time-resolved pressure transducers mounted circumferentially and along the axial chord direction, the stall route, stall inception, and end-wall flow field were captured and systematically analyzed. Results show that the stall margin nearly linearly deteriorates as the distortion intensity increases. Although the propagating speed of stall inception is not influenced by the circumferential distorted inflow, its scale increases with the increment of the distortion intensity. In addition, the stall inception appears and develops into mature stall cell with small distortion intensity, which is similar to the uniform inflow. With strong circumferential distortion, the initiation of stall inception is affected by the inlet circumferential non-uniform. The disturbance appears downstream the circumferential distorted region because the unsteady fluctuation of tip leakage vortex is intense at the distorted region. Thereafter, it disappears at the undistorted region when the end-wall flow field recovers at undistorted region. The disturbance goes through several times of initiation-propagation-disappearance process before the stall inception formation. The rotating stall occurs when the disturbance does not disappear at the undistorted region. Through this investigation, the understanding of stall mechanism is deepened in the axial flow compressor with the circumferential distortion.
Study Of Low-Speed Modelling Method On Corner Separation Control Using Blade End Slots In A Highly Loaded Compressor Cascade
Authors:   1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University 2. National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero- Thermodynamics, Beihang University, Zhang Yantong , Tang* Yumeng ,   1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University 2. National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero- Thermodynamics, Beihang University, Liu* Yangwei ,   1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University 2. National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero- Thermodynamics, Beihang University
Published: May 2022

Traditional high-speed compressor experiments are limited by high cost, high risk, and low accuracy. Hence, developing the low-speed modelling method to replace high-speed experiments brings convenient for experimental investigation. The passive corner separation control with blade end slots, previously proposed by us, has been proved to be very effective in a highly loaded compressor cascade. The purpose of this study is to explore the low-speed modelling method for the compressor cascade blading with blade end slots. Positive design strategies are utilized with the parameterization of datum and end slotted cascade, respectively. The Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes simulations are conducted to study the low-speed modelling method. Comparisons are made between the flow field of the low-speed modular cascade and the original high-speed cascade for both datum and slotted blades. Flow features of blade performance over the operating range, spanwise distribution of flow parameters, non-dimensional velocity on the blade surface, total pressure loss contours and limiting streamlines etc. appear in good accordance between the low-speed modelled slotted cascade and the original high-speed slotted cascade. Comparisons show that the low-speed modelling method developed for the cascade blading with blade end slots could provide similar flow features to the original end slotted cascade in a wide incidence range. Hence, this study proves the feasibility of applying the low-speed modelling process to the low-speed experimental validation of blade end slots.
Sensitivity Of Compressor Performance And Tipleakage Vortices To Inhomogeneous Casing Heatflux Distributions
Authors:   Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics Leibniz Universität Hannover, Mimic* Dajan , Sauer Philipp ,   Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics Leibniz Universität Hannover, Seume Joerg R. ,   Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics Leibniz Universität Hannover
Published: May 2022

Compressor cooling is a promising method for increasing the efficiency of aero engines. This paper shows that the application of this method is not limited to the thermodynamic effect of extracting the net heat flow, but also extends to the heatflux distribution provided by the cooling. To demonstrate this, we conducted an extensive numerical study featuring a wide range of heating and cooling distributions applied to the casing of a compressor rotor in a singlestage model, which was taken from the last stage of an experimentally validated fourstage highspeed compressor model. The results show that the benefit – or detriment – of these variations may be significantly impacted by the heatflux distribution applied. We show that, while the net heat flux proves to be the dominant factor, the local distribution may account for up to 14% in the massflow variability and up to 21% of the variation in the adiabatic rotor efficiency. The results suggest an influence of the heatflux distribution on the tipleakage vortex.
Clinical Features and Evolution of Blepharospasm: A Multicenter International Cohort and Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Scorr Laura M. , Cho Hyun Joo , Kilic-Berkmen Gamze , McKay J. Lucas , Hallett Mark , Klein Christine , Baumer Tobias , Berman Brian D. , Feuerstein Jeanne S. , Perlmutter Joel S. , Berardelli Alfredo , Ferrazzano Gina , Wagle-Shukla Aparna , Malaty Irene A. , Jankovic Joseph , Bellows Steven T. , Barbano Richard L. , Vidailhet Marie , Roze Emmanuel , Bonnet Cecilia , Mahajan Abhimanyu , LeDoux Mark S. , Fung Victor S.C. , Chang Florence C.F. , Defazio Giovanni , Ercoli Tomaso , Factor Stewart , Wojno Ted , Jinnah H. A.
Published: May 2022

Objective: Blepharospasm is a type of dystonia where the diagnosis is often delayed because its varied clinical manifestations are not well recognized. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive picture of its clinical features including presenting features, motor features, and non-motor features.

Methods: This was a two-part study. The first part involved a systematic literature review that summarized clinical features for 10,324 cases taken from 41 prior reports. The second part involved a summary of clinical features for 884 cases enrolled in a large multicenter cohort collected by the Dystonia Coalition investigators, along with an analysis of the factors that contribute to the spread of dystonia beyond the periocular region.

Results: For cases in the literature and the Dystonia Coalition, blepharospasm emerged in the 50s and was more frequent in women. Many presented with non-specific motor symptoms such as increased blinking (51.9%) or non-motor sensory features such as eye soreness or pain (38.7%), photophobia (35.5%), or dry eyes (10.7%). Non-motor psychiatric features were also common including anxiety disorders (34–40%) and depression (21–24%). Among cases presenting with blepharospasm in the Dystonia Coalition cohort, 61% experienced spread of dystonia to other regions, most commonly the oromandibular region and neck. Features associated with spread included severity of blepharospasm, family history of dystonia, depression, and anxiety.

Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive summary of motor and non-motor features of blepharospasm, along with novel insights into factors that may be responsible for its poor diagnostic recognition and natural history.
Esrrb Regulates Specific Feed-Forward Loops to Transit From Pluripotency Into Early Stages of Differentiation
Authors: Mazloom Amin R. , Xu Huilei , Reig-Palou Jaume , Vasileva Ana , Román Angel-Carlos , Mulero-Navarro Sonia , Lemischka Ihor R. , Sevilla Ana
Published: May 2022

Characterization of pluripotent states, in which cells can both self-renew or differentiate, with the irreversible loss of pluripotency, are important research areas in developmental biology. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play a relevant role in cellular differentiation, the role of miRNAs integrated into gene regulatory networks and its dynamic changes during these early stages of embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation remain elusive. Here we describe the dynamic transcriptional regulatory circuitry of stem cells that incorporate protein-coding and miRNA genes based on miRNA array expression and quantitative sequencing of short transcripts upon the downregulation of the Estrogen Related Receptor Beta (Esrrb). The data reveals how Esrrb, a key stem cell transcription factor, regulates a specific stem cell miRNA expression program and integrates dynamic changes of feed-forward loops contributing to the early stages of cell differentiation upon its downregulation. Together these findings provide new insights on the architecture of the combined transcriptional post-transcriptional regulatory network in embryonic stem cells.
Covariation of Pluripotency Markers and Biomechanical Properties in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Brookes Oliver , Thorpe Stephen D. , Rigby Evans Olga , Keeling Michael C. , Lee David A.
Published: May 2022

Pluripotent cells are subject to much interest as a source of differentiated cellular material for research models, regenerative medical therapies and novel applications such as lab-cultured meat. Greater understanding of the pluripotent state and control over its differentiation is therefore desirable. The role of biomechanical properties in directing cell fate and cell behavior has been increasingly well described in recent years. However, many of the mechanisms which control cell morphology and mechanical properties in somatic cells are absent from pluripotent cells. We leveraged naturally occurring variation in biomechanical properties and expression of pluripotency genes in murine ESCs to investigate the relationship between these parameters. We observed considerable variation in a Rex1-GFP expression reporter line and found that this variation showed no apparent correlation to cell spreading morphology as determined by circularity, Feret ratio, phase contrast brightness or cell spread area, either on a parameter-by-parameter basis, or when evaluated using a combined metric derived by principal component analysis from the four individual criteria. We further confirmed that cell volume does not co-vary with Rex1-GFP expression. Interestingly, we did find that a subpopulation of cells that were readily detached by gentle agitation collectively exhibited higher expression of Nanog, and reduced LmnA expression, suggesting that elevated pluripotency gene expression may correlate with reduced adhesion to the substrate. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy and quantitative fluorescent imaging revealed a connection between cell stiffness and Rex1-GFP reporter expression. Cells expressing high levels of Rex1-GFP are consistently of a relatively low stiffness, while cells with low levels of Rex1-GFP tend toward higher stiffness values. These observations indicate some interaction between pluripotency gene expression and biomechanical properties, but also support a strong role for other interactions between the cell culture regime and cellular biomechanical properties, occurring independently of the core transcriptional network that supports pluripotency.
Research Progress on Mono-ADP-Ribosyltransferases in Human Cell Biology
Authors: Gan Yujie , Sha Huanhuan , Zou Renrui , Xu Miao , Zhang Yuan , Feng Jifeng , Wu Jianzhong
Published: May 2022

ADP-ribosylation is a well-established post-translational modification that is inherently connected to diverse processes, including DNA repair, transcription, and cell signaling. The crucial roles of mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases (mono-ARTs) in biological processes have been identified in recent years by the comprehensive use of genetic engineering, chemical genetics, and proteomics. This review provides an update on current methodological advances in the study of these modifiers. Furthermore, the review provides details on the function of mono ADP-ribosylation. Several mono-ARTs have been implicated in the development of cancer, and this review discusses the role and therapeutic potential of some mono-ARTs in cancer.
The Lateral Epidermis Actively Counteracts Pulling by the Amnioserosa During Dorsal Closure
Authors: Lv Zhiyi , Zhang Na , Zhang Xiaozhu , Großhans Jörg , Kong Deqing
Published: May 2022

Dorsal closure is a prominent morphogenetic process during Drosophila embryogenesis, which involves two epithelial tissues, that is, the squamous amnioserosa and the columnar lateral epidermis. Non-muscle myosin II-driven constriction in the amnioserosa leads to a decrease in the apical surface area and pulls on the adjacent lateral epidermis, which subsequently moves dorsally. The pull by the amnioserosa becomes obvious in an elongation of the epidermal cells, especially of those in the first row. The contribution of the epidermal cell elongation has remained unclear to dorsal closure. Cell elongation may be a mere passive consequence or an active response to the pulling by the amnioserosa. Here, we found that the lateral epidermis actively responds. We analyzed tensions within tissues and cell junctions by laser ablation before and during dorsal closure, the elliptical and dorsal closure stages, respectively. Furthermore, we genetically and optochemically induced chronic and acute cell contraction, respectively. In this way, we found that tension in the epidermis increased during dorsal closure. A correspondingly increased tension was not observed at individual junctions, however. Junctional tension even decreased during dorsal closure in the epidermis. We strikingly observed a strong increase of the microtubule amount in the epidermis, while non-muscle myosin II increased in both tissues. Our data suggest that the epidermis actively antagonizes the pull from the amnioserosa during dorsal closure and the increased microtubules might help the epidermis bear part of the mechanical force.
Plasmodium falciparum Molecular Chaperones: Guardians of the Malaria Parasite Proteome and Renovators of the Host Proteome
Authors: Blatch Gregory L.
Published: May 2022

Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite and causative agent of the most severe form of malaria in humans. The malaria parasite has had to develop sophisticated mechanisms to preserve its proteome under the changing stressful conditions it confronts, particularly when it invades host erythrocytes. Heat shock proteins, especially those that function as molecular chaperones, play a key role in protein homeostasis (proteostasis) of P. falciparum. Soon after invading erythrocytes, the malaria parasite exports a large number of proteins including chaperones, which are responsible for remodeling the infected erythrocyte to enable its survival and pathogenesis. The infected host cell has parasite-resident and erythrocyte-resident chaperones, which appear to play a vital role in the folding and functioning of P. falciparum proteins and potentially host proteins. This review critiques the current understanding of how the major chaperones, particularly the Hsp70 and Hsp40 (or J domain proteins, JDPs) families, contribute to proteostasis of the malaria parasite-infected erythrocytes.
Analysis of Negative Results of Metagenomics Next-Generation Sequencing in Clinical Practice
Authors: Qian Mengjia , Zhu Bijun , Zhan Yanxia , Wang Lingyan , Shen Qi , Zhang Miaomiao , Yue Lei , Wu Duojiao , Chen Hao , Wang Xiangdong , Cheng Yunfeng
Published: May 2022

Background

Metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been increasingly used in the clinic, which provides a powerful tool for the etiological diagnosis of infectious diseases. Precise treatment can be carried out according to the positive mNGS results. However, the role of negative results of mNGS remains poorly defined in clinical practice.

Methods

The results of 1,021 samples from patients who received the mNGS test at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, between January 2019 and December 2019 were analyzed.

Results

There were 308 samples (30.17%) of negative results included in the current study. The top 2 types of negative samples were blood (130/308) and tissue (63/308), which also accounted for the highest negative proportion in diseases. Sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were more likely to have positive results. In false-negative results (defined as negative in mNGS test but reported positive in other sample types or assays), 118 samples were found when compared to regular microbiological assays. The negative predictive value (NPV) of mNGS was 95.79% [95%CI, 93.8%–97.8%] as compared to culture and smear. Mycobacterium, Aspergillus, and Mycoplasma ranked as the top 3 microorganisms on the undetected pathogen list.

Conclusions

The present data indicate that when the mNGS test is negative, the negative prediction accuracy rate of the original specimen is significant. However, other laboratory assays results and clinical presentations should always be carefully considered prior to drawing a diagnosis.
Micro-HBI: Human-Biology Interaction With Living Cells, Viruses, and Molecules
Authors: Lee Seung Ah , Riedel-Kruse Ingmar H.
Published: May 2022

Human-Biology Interaction (HBI) is a field that aims to provide first-hand experience with living matter and the modern life-sciences to the lay public. Advances in optical, bioengineering, and digital technologies as well as interaction design now also enable real and direct experiences at the microscale, such as with living cells and molecules, motivating the sub-field of “micro-HBI.” This is distinct from simulating any biological processes. There is a significant need for HBI as new educational modalities are required to enable all strata of society to become informed about new technologies and biology in general, as we face challenges like global pandemics, environmental loss, and species extinctions. Here we review this field in order to provide a jump-off point for future work and to bring stakeholder from different disciplines together. By now, the field has explored and demonstrated many such interactive systems, the use of different microorganisms, new interaction design principles, and versatile applications, such as museum exhibits, biotic games, educational cloud labs, citizen science platforms, and hands-on do-it-yourself (DIY) Bio maker activities. We close with key open questions for the field to move forward.
Assessment of New Onset Arrhythmias After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Using an Implantable Cardiac Monitor
Authors: Nozica Nikolas , Siontis George C. M. , Elchinova Elena Georgieva , Goulouti Eleni , Asami Masahiko , Bartkowiak Joanna , Baldinger Samuel , Servatius Helge , Seiler Jens , Tanner Hildegard , Noti Fabian , Haeberlin Andreas , Branca Mattia , Lanz Jonas , Stortecky Stefan , Pilgrim Thomas , Windecker Stephan , Reichlin Tobias , Praz Fabien , Roten Laurent
Published: May 2022

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is associated with new onset brady- and tachyarrhythmias which may impact clinical outcome.

Aims

To investigate the true incidence of new onset arrhythmias within 12 months after TAVI using an implantable cardiac monitor (ICM).

Methods

One hundred patients undergoing TAVI received an ICM within 3 months before or up to 5 days after TAVI. Patients were followed-up for 12 months after discharge from TAVI for the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF), bradycardia (≤30 bpm), advanced atrioventricular (AV) block, sustained ventricular and supraventricular tachycardia.

Results

A previously undiagnosed arrhythmia was observed in 31 patients (31%) and comprised AF in 19 patients (19%), advanced AV block in 3 patients (3%), and sustained supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia in 10 (10%) and 2 patients (2%), respectively. Three patients had a clinical diagnosis of sick-sinus-syndrome. A permanent pacemaker (PPM) was implanted in six patients (6%). The prevalence of pre-existing AF was 28%, and 47% of the patients had AF at the end of the study period. AF burden was significantly higher in patients with pre-existing [26.7% (IQR 0.3%; 100%)] compared to patients with new-onset AF [0.0% (IQR 0.0%; 0.06%); p = 0.001]. Three patients died after TAVI without evidence of an arrhythmic cause according to the available ICM recordings.

Conclusions

Rhythm monitoring for 12 months after TAVI revealed new arrhythmias, mainly AF, in almost one third of patients. Atrial fibrillation burden was higher in patients with prevalent compared to incident AF. Selected patients may benefit from short-term remote monitoring.

Trial Registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov/: NCT02559011.