bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dialing in to Digital Disruption: Can Instructions Ward Off Technology‐Based Fluency Biases?
Authors: Brown Nericia , McLennan Daniel , Smithson Michael , Newman Eryn J.
Published: January 2025

Previous fluency research has demonstrated that when messages are heard in degraded audio quality, the speaker and the content they are communicating are judged more negatively than when heard in high quality. Using a virtual court paradigm, we investigated the efficacy of two different instructions to reduce the technology‐based bias—highlighting (1) the source responsible for audio quality (Experiment 1) and (2) variations in audio quality (Experiment 2). Results converged in showing that when instructions were provided prior to listening to recordings, people continued to evaluate speakers presented in low quality more negatively than those in high quality. However, results from Experiment 2 suggested that instructions provided after recordings may be effective and warrant further investigation. Given the digital divide and disproportionate impact of digital disruptions, these findings raise concerns about equity in high stakes environments such as remote justice.
Lower Power Leads to Being More Influenced Than Higher Power During a Memory Conformity Task
Authors: Wright Daniel B. , Celic Vuk
Published: January 2025

When people remember together, what one person says can affect what others report. The size of this effect is dependent on the characteristics of the people and how they express their beliefs. The power relationship among people affects much of their social cognition, including the size of this memory conformity effect. Some research has shown people conform more to high power individuals, but other research shows the opposite. The current research identified what we believe is an important difference in these studies in the type of power that was manipulated: evaluative versus managerial power. We manipulated both of these types of power. For both of these types, the low power individual was more influenced than the high power person. The study was designed to be like how people learn new vocabulary in an educational context. More research should take into account that people learn from other people in educational settings.
Positive‐Positive Assembly Behavior in Liquid Metal Hydrogel Colloids
Authors: Kong Weicheng , Yuan Ximin , Chen Hongyu , Wu Qilin , He Yong
Published: January 2025

Negatively charged drug molecules can be efficiently assembled and controlled on the positively charged micro‐nanoparticle (MNP) surfaces by utilizing the principle of electrostatic attraction. However, designing a system that the positively charged protein factors are efficiently assembled onto the positively charged carriers through leveraging homophilic interactions remains a formidable challenge. In solvents, the interplay between the electrostatic repulsion and the van der Waals attraction among the colloidal MNPs leads to the phenomenon of homophilic attraction described in the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Is there a colloidal system that can be designed to enable the assembly of positively charged protein factors with the positively charged MNPs? Here, a novel photosensitive positive‐positive assembly of drugs is used as carrier, which is named as InGa3@polyvinylpyrrolidone (InGa3@PVP). Under the light excitation with the wavelength of 365 nm, this system exhibits homophilic attraction, enabling efficient assembly of the positively charged entities. This discovery offers a refined theoretical model for the drug delivery applications, facilitating the enhanced control and optimization of the positive‐positive assembly.
Biomimetic Design of Biocompatible Neural Probes for Deep Brain Signal Monitoring and Stimulation: Super Static Interface for Immune Response‐Enhanced Contact
Authors: Jeong Jeonghwa , Heo Gyeonghwa , Kwon Young Woo , Chae Seon Yeong , Kim Min Jae , Yu Ki Jun , Shin Hwa Kyoung , Hong Suck Won
Published: January 2025

The ability to measure changes in neural activities using devices implanted in the brain can be useful for recording brain signals to assess specific risk factors, monitor the development of brain diseases, and expand the understanding of neural circuitry. Here, a neuroimplantable interface is introduced that integrates biomaterials with an advanced structural design to facilitate monitoring of electrophysiological responses in widespread brain regions. The neural interface uses biocompatible and photopatternable materials to create ultrathin, homogeneous encapsulant/substrate laminates. Comprehensive in vitro tests of the laminin‐enveloped neural interface demonstrate efficacy in relieving inflammation via a biomimetic strategy by diminishing microglia and astrocyte aggregation near recording sites, enhancing periodic signal acquisition. The performance is evaluated by injecting an acetylcholine receptor agonist into mouse brains. This approach enables to monitor real‐time signal changes, gain insights into neural network dynamics by assessing stimulus‐evoked signaling at specific sites, and identify signaling patterns and hippocampal synaptic connections. Additionally, in a Parkinson's disease mouse model, deep brain stimulation is performed and signals are recorded to confirm symptom amelioration, offering a biomedical device approach. The key strategy highlights intact neural electrodes with biocompatible, mechanically compliant materials conferring compact bioelectronic functionalities, high neuronal microenvironment compatibility, and pathological neural system recognition.
Capping Effect on High‐Active Nucleated‐Zn Toward Hydrogen Evolution‐Free Zn Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Jianping , Zhao Wanyu , Zhang Jinlei , Zhang Bowen , Ye Ke , Liu Shangyu , Zhong Jun , Zhao Xiaoli , Pan Zhenghui , Yang Xiaowei
Published: January 2025

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries are promising for large‐scale energy storage due to low cost and high safety. However, aqueous electrolyte induces severe side reactions at Zn anode, especially hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, it is first revealed that the freshly nucleated‐Zn (FN‐Zn) atoms during plating process show higher reactivity and stronger adsorption of proton than metallic Zn anode by X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and corresponding extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and density functional theory simulations, promoting the decomposition of H2O. Then, a universal and effective capping effect strategy is proposed to alleviate HER by electrostatically shielding FN‐Zn activity. Specifically, sodium benzenesulfonate (SBS) is selected as a typical example by screening and comparing a series of electrolyte additives, in which sulfonate group with high coordination energy can be preferentially capped on FN‐Zn to reduce its reactivity. Consequently, the symmetrical cell with SBS not only generates negligible amounts of H2 by in situ electrochemical‐gas chromatography but also can be up to 2550 h at 1 mA cm−2. More importantly, the capping effect on HER‐free Zn anode is verified by coin full cells exhibiting capacity retention of≈87.1% after 1000 cycles and large‐area (4 × 6 cm2) pouch cells with desired performance.
Biomimetic Membrane Vesicles Reprogram Microglia Polarization and Remodel the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment of Glioblastoma via PERK/HIF‐1α/Glycolysis Pathway
Authors: Guo Yinghan , Jin Lulu , Shen Zhipeng , Fan Linfeng , Yu Xian , Kuang Yirui , Cai Lingxin , Zhou Jiayin , Chen Zihang , Yan Feng , Zhang Jianmin , Tong Minfeng , Yuan Jianlie , Mao Zhengwei , Chen Gao
Published: January 2025

The malignant interaction between tumor cells and immune cells is one of the important reasons for the rapid progression and refractoriness of glioblastoma (GBM). As an essential metabolic center of M2 macrophages, the inhibition of protein kinase RNA‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) leads to the reduction of M2 macrophages. Nevertheless, the restriction of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and non‐specific cell targeting hinder the application of PERK inhibitors in GBM. Herein, the optimal NP‐M‐M2pep is developed successfully, which has shown the capacity of BBB penetration and specific targeting of M2 microglia. In addition to inhibiting the polarization of M2 microglia, the administration of iPERK@NP‐M‐M2pep reprogrammed M2 microglia into M1 ones in vitro via PERK/HIF‐1α/glycolysis pathway. Efficient brain accumulation of nanoparticles is achieved after tail vein injection, with effective inhibition of GBM progression after one course of treatment. The glioma‐associated microglia and macrophages (GAM) with M2 type are induced to M1 and the immunosuppressive TME is remodeled by upregulating immunostimulatory cells and downregulating immunosuppressive cells. In summary, the biomimetic membrane vesicles (BMVs) specifically delivered iPERK to GAMs offer an inspiring strategy to reprogram microglia polarization, re‐educate immunosuppressive TME, and inhibit the progression of GBM.
Water Spillover to Expedite Two‐Electron Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Li Qianyi , Nie Zhihao , Wu Wenqiang , Guan Hongxin , Xia Baokai , Huang Qi , Duan Jingjing , Chen Sheng
Published: January 2025

Limited by the activity‐selectivity trade‐off relationship, the electrochemical activation of small molecules (like O2, N2, and CO2) rapidly diminishes Faradaic efficiencies with elevated current densities (particularly at ampere levels). Nevertheless, some catalysts can circumvent this restriction in a two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR), a sustainable pathway for activating O2 to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Here we report 2e− ORR expedited in a fluorine‐bridged copper metal–organic framework catalyst, arising from the water spillover effect. Through operando spectroscopies, kinetic and theoretical characterizations, it demonstrates that under neutral conditions, water spillover plays a dual role in accelerating water dissociation and stabilizing the key *OOH intermediate. Benefiting from water spillover, the catalyst can expedite 2e− ORR in the current density range of 0.1–2.0 A cm−2 with both high Faradaic efficiencies (99–84.9%) and H2O2 yield rates (63.17–1082.26 mg h−1 cm−2). Further, the feasibility of the present system has been demonstrated by scaling up to a unit module cell of 25 cm2, in combination with techno‐economics simulations showing H2O2 production cost strongly dependent on current densities, giving the lowest H2O2 price of $0.50 kg−1 at 2.0 A cm−2. This work is expected to provide an additional dimension to leverage systems independent oftraditional rules.
A Bio‐Inspired Perspective on Materials Sustainability
Authors: Wagermaier Wolfgang , Razghandi Khashayar , Fratzl Peter
Published: January 2025

The article explores materials sustainability through a bio‐inspired lens and discusses paradigms that can reshape the understanding of material synthesis, processing, and usage. It addresses various technological fields, from structural engineering to healthcare, and emphasizes natural material cycles as a blueprint for efficient recycling and reuse. The study shows that material functionality depends on both chemical composition and structural modifications, which emphasizes the role of material processing. The article identifies strategies such as mono‐materiality and multifunctionality, and explores how responsivity, adaptivity, modularity, and cellularity can simplify material assembly and disassembly. Bioinspired strategies for reusing materials, defect tolerance, maintenance, remodeling, and healing may extend product lifespans. The principles of circularity, longevity, and parsimony are reconsidered in the context of “active materiality”, a dynamic bio‐inspired paradigm. This concept expands the traditional focus of material science from structure‐function relationships to include the development of materials capable of responding or adapting to external stimuli. Concrete examples demonstrate how bio‐inspired strategies are being applied in engineering and technology to enhance the sustainability of materials. The article concludes by emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration as a key factor for developing a sustainable and resilient materials economy in harmony with nature's material cycles.
Dual‐Phase Ligand Engineering Enables 18.21% FAPbI3 Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Li Du , Zhao Chenyu , Zhang Xuliang , Zhao Xinyu , Huang Hehe , Li Huifeng , Li Fangchao , Yuan Jianyu
Published: January 2025

Formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) perovskite quantum dot (PQD) are promising candidate for high‐performing quantum dot photovoltaic due to its narrow bandgap, high ambient stability, and long carrier lifetime. However, the carrier transport blockage and nonradiative recombination loss, originating from the high‐dielectric ligands and defects/trap states on the FAPbI3 PQD surface, significantly limit the efficiency and stability of its photovoltaic performance. In this work, through exploring dual‐site molecular ligands, namely 2‐thiophenemethylammonium iodide (2‐TM) and 2‐thiopheneethylammonium iodide (2‐TE), a dual‐phase synergistic ligand exchange (DSLE) protocol consisting of both solution‐phase and solid‐state ligand engineering is demonstrated. The DSLE strategy effectively replaces the native long insulating ligands and simultaneously passivate surface defects in hybrid FAPbI3 PQDs, leading to enhanced electronic coupling for efficient charge transport. Consequently, the FAPbI3 PQD solar cell based on DSLE strategy achieves a notable enhanced efficiency from 15.43% to 17.79% (2‐TM) and 18.21% (2‐TE), respectively. Besides, both 2‐TM and 2‐TE engineered devices exhibit enhanced stability, maintaining over 80% of its initial efficiency after aging in ambient environment (20–30% humidity, 25 °C) for over 1400 h. It believes these findings will provide a new protocol to precisely regulate the surface chemistry of hybrid PQDs toward high‐performance optoelectronic applications.
Role of the Extracellular Matrix in Cancer: Insights into Tumor Progression and Therapy
Authors: Desai Nimeet , Sahel Deepak , Kubal Bhakti , Postwala Humzah , Shah Yesha , Chavda Vivek P , Fernandes Clara , Khatri Dharmendra K. , Vora Lalitkumar K.
Published: January 2025

The extracellular matrix (ECM) serves not only as a structural scaffold but also as an active regulator of cancer progression, profoundly influencing tumor behaviour and the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review focuses into the pivotal role of ECM alterations in facilitating tumor metastasis and explores therapeutic strategies aimed at counteracting these changes. We analyse targeted interventions against collagen, including approaches to inhibit its biosynthesis and disrupt associated signalling pathways critical for tumor architecture and cell migration. Additionally, therapies addressing hyaluronan are reviewed, highlighting methods to suppress its synthesis and enzymatic strategies to degrade it, thereby mitigating its tumor‐promoting effects. The discussion extends to innovative approaches for modulating ECM stiffness, focusing on the roles of cancer‐associated fibroblasts and lysyl oxidases, which are key contributors to ECM remodelling and mechanical signalling. By strategically modifying these ECM components, these interventions aim to enhance the efficacy of existing cancer treatments, tackle resistance mechanisms, and achieve more durable therapeutic outcomes. Insights from recent studies and clinical trials highlight the promise of these strategies in overcoming treatment resistance and improving patient outcomes. Advancing our understanding of ECM biology leads to the development of innovative and more effective cancer therapies.
80% Fill Factor in Organic Solar Cells with a Modified Nickel Oxide Interlayer
Authors: Garcia Romero David , Bontekoe Gerbrand , Pinna Jacopo , Di Mario Lorenzo , Ibarra‐Barreno Carolina M. , Kardula Jane , Ersek Gabor , Portale Giuseppe , Rudolf Petra , Loi Maria Antonietta
Published: January 2025

The efficiency of organic solar cells has raised drastically in the past years. However, there is an undeniable lack of hole transport layers that can provide high carrier selectivity, low defect density, and high processing robustness, simultaneously. In this work, this issue is addressed by studying defect generation and surface passivation of nickel oxide (NiOx). It is revealed that the generation of high oxidation state species on NiOx surface lowers contact resistance but hinders charge extraction when employed as transport layer in organic solar cells. By using them as coordination centers, a straightforward surface modification strategy is implemented using (2‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid (2PACz) that enhances charge extraction and increases the solar cell efficiency from 11.46% to 17.12%. Additionally, the robustness of this modification across different deposition methods of the carbazole molecule is demonstrated. Finally, by fine‐tuning the Fermi level using various carbazole‐based molecules, and in particular with ((4‐(7H‐dibenzo[c,g]carbazol‐7‐yl)butyl)phosphonic acid (4PADCB), a power conversion efficiency of 17.29% is achieved, with an outstanding combination of a VOC of 0.888 V and a fill factor of 80%.
Quantitative Analysis of Aging and Rollover Failure Mechanisms of Lithium‐Ion Batteries at Accelerated Aging Conditions
Authors: Zhang Huiyan , Peng Yufan , Hu Yonggang , Pan Siyuan , Tang Shijun , Luo Yu , Liang Yuli , Liao Yiqing , Lin Ying , Zhang Ke , Wei Yimin , Liang Jinding , Jin Yanting , Yang Yong
Published: January 2025

Accurate quantification of the aging mechanisms of batteries at accelerated aging conditions is of great significance for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Here the aging and rollover failure mechanisms of LiFePO4 (LFP)/graphite batteries at different temperatures are investigated using a combination of advanced techniques such as electrolyte quantification methods, mass spectrometry titration (MST), time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS), and Raman imaging. The growth, rapture, and repair process of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is the primary mechanism leading to battery aging, and its contribution increases with temperature. High temperature exacerbates electrolyte decomposition (especially lithium salts), together with organic SEI decomposing into the more stable inorganic SEI at high temperature, resulting in a thicker SEI rich with inorganic compositions. High temperatures also lead to spatially inhomogeneous side reactions, which may in turn accelerate further degradation of the battery. The sharp battery capacity decline, namely the rollover failure, is primarily due to the depletion of additive VC, which shifts electrolyte degradation from additive VC to solvents and lithium salts, rather than by the increase of internal resistance, lithium plating, electrolyte drying out, electrode saturation, or mechanical deformation.
Adherence to the 24‐h Movement Behaviors Guidelines and Associations With Cognitive and Behavioral Self‐Regulation Among Brazilian Preschoolers
Authors: Goulart Lemos Natália Batista Albuquerque , Carson Valerie , da Silva Santos Pablo Gabriel , de Aguiar Lemos Fernando , Duncan Michael , de Lucena Martins Clarice Maria
Published: January 2025

Background

Adherence to 24‐h movement guidelines has been associated with early health benefits, including neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, the associations between these guidelines and Cognitive (CSR) and Behavioral (BSR) self‐regulation in preschoolers are underexplored. This study investigated the associations between adherence to 24‐h movement guidelines and CSR and BSR in Brazilian preschoolers.

Methods

A total of 223 preschoolers (4.76 ± 0.32 years old; 50.67% boys) participated. Physical activity (PA) was assessed with Actigraph wGT3X. Parents reported children's sleep and screen time. CSR was evaluated through iPad games, and BSR was assessed using the Head, Toes, Knees, Shoulders test revised.

Results

Boys showed higher adherence to the PA recommendation than girls (52.2% vs. 32.7%, χ2 = 0.003), whereas a higher percentage of girls did not adhere to any recommendations (23.6% vs. 12.4%, χ2 = 0.029). Positive association was found between adherence to combined PA and screen time with cognitive flexibility (β = 4.091 [95% CI: 0.699, 7.754]). Adherence to PA was associated with lower BSR scores (β = −7.104 [−13.52, −0.623]), as was adherence to combined PA and sleep duration (β = −8.813 [−15.794, −1.397]).

Conclusion

This study highlighted differences in adherence to movement behavior guidelines between boys and girls, as well as demonstrated that different combinations of these behaviors can affect preschoolers' cognitive and behavioral levels of self‐regulation in distinct ways.
Gold(I)‐catalyzed Synthesis of Axially Chiral Indolo[2,3‐c]carbazole Exhibiting Advanced Electrochromic Response
Authors: Suzuki Takanori , Nojo Wataru , Kawada Yuiki , Sugiyama Soichiro , Ikeuchi Takaya , Ishigaki Yusuke , Ohno Hiroaki
Published: January 2025

The Wurster's Blue skeleton embedded in an axially chiral indolo[2,3‐c]carbazole framework can act as a key chromophore to realize three‐way‐output electrochromic response (UV‐Vis‐near IR absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism) upon reversible electrochemical interconversion with the corresponding neutral electron donor, which was effectively synthesized by gold(I)‐catalyzed cascade cyclization of 2‐azidophenyl‐1,3‐butadiyne with a 2‐phenyl‐1‐naphthyl terminal group.
Chemical O‐ADP‐Ribosylations: Synthesis and Bioconjugation of ADPr‐Peptides/Proteins from NAD+
Authors: You Yanbo , Zhu Anlian , Fan Dongshuang , Wang Honglei , Li Lingjun
Published: January 2025

ADP‐ribosylation is a complex post‐translational modification involved in key physiological processes and associated with various health and disease states. The growing interest in ADP‐ribosylation necessitates straightforward and efficient synthetic methods for the preparation of ADP‐ribosylated peptides/proteins. In this study, we report a facile reaction between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and alcohols promoted by a combination of ionic liquids, yielding up to 94 % with α : β ratios ranging from 88 : 12 to 99 : 1 and a switchable configuration selectivity. This method significantly simplifies the production of ADP‐ribosylated peptides and proteins, enabling diverse applications. It allows detailed investigation of side‐chain structure–activity relationships, facilitates two‐step clickable conjugation of ADP‐ribosyl groups to proteins, and, for the first time, enables non‐enzymatic synthesis of well‐defined ADP‐ribosylated peptides/proteins from natural counterparts and NAD+.
Optimizing Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction via Modulation Doping in Van der Waals Layered Iridium Oxide
Authors: Ke Jia , Zhu Wenxiang , Ji Yujin , Chen Jinxin , Li Chenchen , Wang Yue , Wang Qun , Huang Wei‐Hsiang , Hu Zhiwei , Li Youyong , Shao Qi , Lu Jianmei
Published: January 2025

Anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) exhibits a sluggish four‐electron transfer process, necessitating catalysts with exceptional catalytic activity to enhance its kinetic rate. Van der Waals layered oxides are ideal materials for catalyst design, yet its stability for acidic OER remains large obstacle. Doping provides a crucial way to improve the activity and stability simultaneously. However, doping in Van der Waals layered oxides remains a great challenge since it easily leads to lattice distortion or even the crystal structure damage. In this work, we successfully doping acid‐resistant niobium (Nb) into Van der Waals layered edge‐shared 1T phase iridium oxide (1 T‐IrO2) via alkali‐assisted thermal method. 1 T‐IrO2 with a 5 % Nb doping (Nb0.05Ir0.95O2) only required an overpotential of 191 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4, 56 mV lower than that of 1T‐IrO2. When applied in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer, Nb0.05Ir0.95O2 show stable operation at a high current density of 1.2 A cm−2 for over 50 days. Density functional theory calculation reveals that doping Nb changes the potential‐determining step from the *OOH deprotonation process in 1 T‐IrO2 to the *O−OH coupling process in Nb0.05Ir0.95O2.
Late‐Stage Pd(II)‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−H Functionalization of Peptides Directed by a Removable, Backbone‐Inserted Amidoxime Ether
Authors: Wu Yuezhou , Zhu Beichen , Fan Haoyang , Bernard Hugo , Hutton Craig A.
Published: January 2025

Palladium(II)‐catalyzed C−H functionalization has attracted considerable attention as a pathway to late‐stage modification of peptides. Herein, we report the Pd‐catalyzed C(sp3)−H arylation of peptides directed by an amidoxime ether, which can be easily incorporated into peptides at any amide bond. Site‐ and stereoselective arylation of peptides has been achieved, including unprecedented functionalization of internal residues of native peptides. Removal of the amidoxime ether was achieved to generate the parent amide and facilitate a traceless C−H functionalization process.
Hydrochlorination of Acetylene Catalyzed by Copper‐Phosphorous Complex
Authors: Zhang Dan , Qi Ji , Wang Xueying , Dong Yanzhao , Xu Yongsheng , Xie Dongyang , Zhang Jinli , Zhang Haiyang
Published: January 2025

Because of the toxicity of traditional mercury catalysts, more economical and efficient nonprecious metal catalysts have attracted considerable concern in acetylene hydrochlorination reaction. Here, a series of copper‐based catalysts coordinated with P‐containing ligands were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method. The 12.5Cu‐2L7/1/AC catalyst (2L = tris(3‐methylpheny) phosphine) achieved the initial acetylene conversion of 87.13%, which was 47.68% higher than that of 12.5Cu/AC under the acetylene gas hourly space velocity of 180 h−1. The characterization results displayed that the employment of tris(3‐methylpheny) phosphine not only constructed highly dispersed and hypervalent Cu‐P/Cu‐O‐P active species but also improved the adsorption capacity of the catalyst to reactants and the ability of anticoke deposition, thereby improving the catalytic activity and stability of Cu‐based catalysts.
Soybean oil fatty acid alkyl ester estolides to enhance the functionality of poly(lactic) acid
Authors: Dunbar Madison M. , Stolp Lucas J. , Kodali Dharma R.
Published: January 2025

Five soybean oil‐derived fatty acid alkyl ester estolide plasticizers were synthesized with methyl, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol ester head groups. The required fatty acid alkyl ester estolides were synthesized by transesterification of alcohols with soybean oil fatty acid methyl esters followed by epoxidation and subsequent ring opening and acetylation. Experimental plasticizers were compounded with PLA for the evaluation of their thermal, mechanical, and water vapor barrier properties compared to those of commercial plasticizer, triethyl citrate (TEC). Experimental plasticizers were divided into low and high molecular weight groups based on similarities in structure and size. High molecular weight plasticizers had poor compatibility with PLA and showed inferior mechanical and water vapor barrier properties. Low molecular weight plasticizers demonstrated good plasticization and depression of glass transition temperature comparable to TEC at low concentrations along with improved water vapor barrier properties at higher concentrations, indicating suitability for more cost‐effective applications requiring better water vapor barrier functionality.
A Comparative Evaluation of Leaching Reagents of Platinum Group Metals from Spent Catalytic Converters Using Microwave Heating
Authors: Ni H'ng Yeong , G.S Almeida M. Inês , Lamb Robert N. , Kolev Spas D. , Duan Xiaofei
Published: January 2025

Platinum group metals (PGMs) are increasingly recycled from spent automotive catalysts due to their scarcity in nature. Many studies were developed using different leaching reagents to achieve greener benefits and reduce environmental pollution. This article reports for the first time a direct comparison of leaching reagents on the efficiency of PGMs using microwave (MW) assisted heating. The leaching system employed HCl with/without the addition of complexing (citric acid) or oxidizing agents (HNO3, H2O2, NaClO, NaClO3). It was shown that the 11.65 M HCl could leach all elements (94 % Pt, 82 % Pd and 74 % Rh) at 210 °C. The addition of oxidant(s) decreased the PGMs leaching efficiencies due to the formation of a protective oxide layer through surface passivation reaction. In some cases, the addition of complexing or oxidizing (H2O2) agents and a high leaching temperature (>180 °C) employed in the MW leaching could enhance PGMs leachabilities, particularly for Rh (>90 %). A detailed temperature study of the MW leaching demonstrated that HCl could obtain excellent recoveries (>90 %) for Pt and Pd at temperatures ≥150 °C. Therefore, this research illustrates that partially replacing the HCl with citric acid is a promising approach to achieve a greener and more efficient leaching process of PGMs.
Exploring the Fluorination and Hydroxylation of Pore‐Space‐Partitioned Metal−Organic Frameworks for C2H2/CH4 Separation
Authors: Anbazhagan Rajeshkumar , Wang Tai‐Sheng , Kuan Hao‐Ping , Popovs Ilja , Liu Hsin‐Kuan , Hung Tsu‐Lien , Kaveevivitchai Watchareeya , Chen Teng‐Hao
Published: January 2025

We report three novel pore‐space‐partitioned metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) functionalized with fluorine and hydroxyl groups using 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorobenzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylic acid (F4‐BDC) and a new ligand 3,6‐difluoro‐2,5‐dihydroxybenzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylic acid (F2(OH)2‐BDC) as organic building blocks, with 1,3,5‐tris(4‐pyridyl)‐2,4,6‐triazine (TPT) as pore partition agent. With the polar fluorine and hydroxyl groups and the open metal sites being blocked by TPT, moderate molecule‐framework interactions can be engineered. These three isoreticular microporous frameworks Mn‐TPT‐BDC‐F4 (NCKU‐21), Mn‐TPT‐BDC‐F2(OH)2 (NCKU‐22), and Mg‐TPT‐BDC‐F2(OH)2 (NCKU‐23) (NCKU=National Cheng Kung University) exhibit distinct single‐component gas adsorption behaviors. Although NCKU‐22 uptakes a much lower amount of C2H2 compared to NCKU‐21 and ‐23, dynamic breakthrough experiments show that these three materials are all capable of efficient C2H2/CH4 separations. These MOFs possess moderate isosteric heat of adsorption for C2H2 (25.7–32.1 kJ mol−1), allowing easy regeneration and energy‐efficient C2H2/CH4 separations.
The Impact of Chemotherapy and Body Mass Index on Cancer‐Related Fatigue in Colon Cancer Patients: A PROFILES‐Registry Study
Authors: Kastelein Anneke , Mols Floortje , Kervezee Laura , Chavannes Niels H. , Gelderblom Hans , Neefjes Jacques , Hinnen Chris
Published: January 2025

Background

Inflammation has been reported to drive cancer‐related fatigue (CRF). As both obesity and chemotherapy promote inflammatory responses, obese cancer patients may be at risk of more severe CRF, especially when receiving chemotherapy.

Methods

We analysed data of 333 colon cancer patients from four hospitals in the Netherlands (data derived from the PROCORE study). Fatigue was assessed with the general fatigue subscale of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory at four timepoints: at inclusion (T1), 4 weeks after surgery (T2), and 1 (T3) and 2 years (T4) after diagnosis. Linear mixed‐effects models were applied to evaluate the interaction between chemotherapy and body mass index (BMI) on the trajectory of fatigue.

Results

The two‐way interactions between time and chemotherapy (p = 0.047) and between time and BMI on fatigue (p = 0.041) were significant. Patients scheduled for chemotherapy reported more fatigue during the treatment phase, while patients not treated with chemotherapy showed a stable trajectory. Obese patients reported more fatigue at follow‐up compared to patients with a healthy BMI. The three‐way interaction between time, chemotherapy and BMI was not significant (p = 0.39). However, obese chemotherapy‐treated patients reported the highest fatigue 2 years after treatment (12.8, 95% CI: 10.6–14.9). Their mean fatigue score was higher compared to baseline (9.2, 95% CI: 7.3–11.0, p < 0.001) and obese patients not treated with chemotherapy (9.6, 95% CI: 7.0–12.2, p = 0.02). Moreover, this group reported more fatigue compared to healthy (8.1, 95% CI: 5.5–10.9, p < 0.001) and overweight (9.7, 95% CI: 7.2–12.3, p = 0.019) chemotherapy‐treated patients.

Conclusion

This study indicates that chemotherapy and BMI both influence long‐term fatigue in colon cancer patients. Proactive monitoring for CRF and lifestyle interventions may be needed for chemotherapy‐treated patients with a high BMI.
Hemodynamic Analysis Using 4D Flow MRI in a Case of Aortic Dissection With Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery
Authors: Sakakibara Kenji , Nakajima Hiroyuki , Yoshida Yukiyo , Hagihara Yudai , Nakamura Chie , Shikata Daichi , Takesue Yuki , Shiraiwa Satoru , Honda Yoshihiro , Kaga Shigeaki , Hamasaki Masahiro , Johno Hisashi , Watanabe Hiroaki
Published: January 2025

Four‐dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging (4D flow MRI) was utilized to analyze an aortic dissection with an aberrant right subclavian artery, revealing vortex formation and an increased oscillatory shear index (OSI), both indicative of variations in wall shear stress. An elevated OSI has been associated with an elevated risk of aortic dissection.
Mad Honey Poisoning in Nepal: A Case Report
Authors: Hossain Md Fahad , Kharel Manish
Published: January 2025

Widespread vagal activation following honey consumption is a sign of mad honey poisoning. Early initiation and appropriate treatment can prevent fatal outcomes.
Premature Constriction of Fetal Ductus Arteriosus Caused by Sertraline in a Pregnant Woman: A Case Report
Authors: Golbabaei Alireza , Alavi moghaddam Elham sadat , Mohammad Talebi Hooman
Published: January 2025

Fetal ductus arteriosus was treated in a 39‐year‐old pregnant woman in the 33rd week After psychiatric consultation and discontinuation of sertraline which underscores the association of sertraline with premature ductus arteriosus constriction.
Leadless Pacemaker Implantation in the Presence of the Bioprosthetic Tricuspid Valve: Case Presentation and Literature Review
Authors: Mohammadi Mahsa , Iranian MohammadReza , Saedi Sedigheh , Toloueitabar Yaser , Fazelifar Amirfarjam , Haghjoo Majid
Published: January 2025

A 21‐year‐old man, known case of the repaired congenital heart disease, developed complete atrioventricular block (AVB) one week after simultaneous bioprosthetic pulmonary and tricuspid valve replacement and atrial septal defect repair. Considering the persistence of the AVB, it was decided to implant a permanent pacemaker. After considering all available options and the issues related to the patient, it was decided to implant a leadless pacemaker (LLP). A Micra pacemaker was implanted successfully, and the patient was discharged in good condition and without any complications. Follow‐up evaluation showed appropriate LLP and bioprosthetic valve functioning. Limited prior experiences and the present report showed that LLP appears to be an ideal option in the patients with bioprosthetic tricuspid valve complicated by conduction disorders.
Subglottic Stenosis After Double‐Lumen Tube Intubation With Reintubation: A Case Report and Review of Japanese Cases
Authors: Suzuki Masami , Yoshida Naohiro
Published: January 2025

Subglottic stenosis after double‐lumen tube (DLT) intubation is more likely to occur when an oversized DLT, specifically a 35 Fr DLT, is used in older, shorter women. Reintubation in such cases is challenging and may cause additional traumatic laryngitis. Tracheostomy is the best management for subglottic stenosis after DLT intubation.
Complications of Mesenteric Vein Thrombosis: Heterozygous Factor V Leiden Mutation Leads to Pulmonary Embolism in a Patient With Post–Bowel Resection Surgery
Authors: Hamza Hafiz Muhammad , Malik Muhammad Muiz , Awan Ayaz Ahmed , Tariq Muhammad Daoud , Daoud Mohamed , Goyal Aman
Published: January 2025

It is critical to recognize pulmonary embolism as soon as possible in patients who have gastrointestinal problems pre‐ and post‐surgery. Even in the absence of conventional risk factors, the Factor V Leiden mutation emphasizes the importance of a thorough thrombophilia assessment. To effectively manage and prevent thrombotic episodes, prompt anticoagulant medication and genetic screening for family members are essential.
Fahr's Syndrome With Hypoparathyroidism in a Patient With Schizophrenia and Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Case Report
Authors: Haider Ali , Danish Ali , Khan Allahdad , Rehman Atta Ur , Latif Muhammad Haris , Basit Salman Abdul , Kamal Aseel , Haque Obaid Imtiyazul
Published: January 2025

Fahr's syndrome is a rare neurological disorder that shows up as calcium deposits in the brain, affecting motor control and cognitive functions. In this case report, a 45‐year‐old woman with schizophrenia was diagnosed with Fahr's syndrome, which can be challenging to diagnose due to coexisting neurological comorbidity.
Longest Known Survivor With HeartMate II Continuous‐Flow Left Ventricular Assist System—A Case Report of the 16‐Year Success Story
Authors: Chawa Yamane , Habib Mhd Baraa , Chapra Ammar , Elbdri Salah
Published: January 2025

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have been used as a bridge to transplantation in patients with advanced heart failure. In this case, LVAD therapy was used as a destination therapy for 16 years, representing the longest documented and continuously ongoing support with the original implanted device.
Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Long Chain Esters via Formate Hydroesterification
Authors: Virtue Kyler , Fayyaz Babak , López‐Linares Francisco , Mironov Oleg , Ovalles Cesar , Bernskoetter Wesley H.
Published: January 2025

CO2‐based hydroesterification is an attractive route to produce value added ester compounds, which could replace widely used CO‐based hydroesterification processes if sufficient catalytic technologies are developed. One path to CO2‐based hydroesterification could proceed through an organoformate intermediate, which is then used in olefin hydroesterification to generate the desirable esters. This route opens the possibility of creating a net CO2‐based hydroesterification process using tandem catalytic systems for CO2 hydrogenation to organoformate paired with formate‐olefin hydroesterification. The tandem use of tripodal phosphine ruthenium(II) and 1,2‐bis(di‐tert‐butylphosphinomethyl)benzene palladium catalysts were found to successfully produce methyl nonanoate from CO2, H2, methanol and 1‐octene in a single‐stage batch process. The CO2‐based hydroesterification catalysis efficiency was found to be largely limited by the productivity of organoformate generation and competitive 1‐octene reduction. Catalytic yields of methyl nonanoate can be enhanced by adjustments in reaction procedures, including the use of a two‐stage batch reaction process or delayed introduction of 1‐octene, achieving a yield of up to 32 %. Under select conditions, control experiments indicate yields of methyl nonanoate can be improved to ca 75 %. Preliminary studies indicate significant interplay between the two ligands employed in the molecular tandem catalytic systems and establish the first catalytic protocol for the selective CO2‐based hydroesterification of olefins via organoformates.
The Missing Link in the Monogermanide Series: YbGe
Authors: Hübner Julia‐Maria , Freccero Riccardo , Prots Yurii , Schwarz Ulrich
Published: January 2025

High‐pressure, high‐temperature synthesis at 12 GPa between 750 and 1000 °C for 30 to 300 min yields the last missing rare‐earth metal monogermanide, YbGe. Powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction measurements reveal that the compound crystallizes in a FeB‐type structure (space group Pnma, a=7.901(2) Å, b=3.8981(9) Å, and c=5.873(2) Å). The results of the chemical bonding study, while supporting the presence of polyanionic Ge chains interacting with the surrounding Yb through multi‐atomic polar bonds, suggest a transitional scenario between the monogermanides formed by alkaline‐earth elements and those formed by trivalent rare‐earth metals.
Sugar detection using drop evaporation
Authors: Qu Yixiao , Ma Zhengyuan , Zhang Min , Huang Xing , Xuan Lujia , Ding Rui , Liao Wenya , Wu Zhiqiang , Lin Yihe , Hu Kami , Liu Zheng , Chen Ruoyang , He Hui
Published: January 2025

Evaporation deposition of a spilt sugary drop on the supporting surface can attract ants to surround it. People have a long history of using this phenomenon as an implication of sugar in the drop. Unfortunately, it is hard to detect sugar concentration and has to depend exclusively on ants. Here, we show a facile strategy for the eye‐naked detection on sugar concentrations in common liquid mixtures, based on their evaporation depositions. Our experiments show that evaporation drops without any sugar form clear ring‐like depositions, and the width of the ring area enlarges with the increase in sugar concentration. We demonstrate that the increase in sugar concentration can increase the liquid viscosity and decrease the capillary flow velocity, thus weakening the “coffee ring” effect. Our further experiments indicate that the temperature has insignificant effects on the correlation between sugar concentrations and ring‐like depositions, but the substrate wettability impacts on the correlation by promoting the formation of ring‐like depositions. Based on the mechanism study, we develop a strategy for detecting sugar concentrations via quantitatively correlating them with the width of the ring area, and demonstrate that it is valid for various liquid mixtures, for example, carbonate beverage, liquid medicine, and plant nutrient. Our findings not only present new insights into the understanding of the sugary drop evaporation, but also provide a facile strategy of detecting sugar concentration that promises great applications in food safety, pharmaceutical detection, and agricultural product measurements.
The Impact of Triptorelin on Hormone Levels in Human and Its Metabolite Confirmation Using Liquid Chromatography–Ion Trap/Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS‐IT‐TOF) and Liquid Chromatography–Orbitrap (LC‐Orbitrap) for Doping Control Analysis
Authors: Saardpun Navaporn , Asawesna Cholsittapan , Kaewklam Seksun , Sangkhum Premsant , Kongchareonsombat Wisoot , Kusamran Thanit , Pinthong Darawan
Published: January 2025

Triptorelin, a synthetic gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH), is mainly used in the clinical treatment of prostate cancer. The mechanism initially stimulates luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone secretion followed by suppression, resulting in a reduction in cancer progression. However, GnRHs are prohibited in doping control because of the indirect surge of LH and testosterone. Therefore, GnRH analog detection and confirmation are enforced by World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) requirements. The effects of triptorelin on LH and endogenous steroid levels in urine and serum of five prostate cancer patients taking triptorelin for the first time were investigated and compared with leuprorelin. The samples were collected at 0.0 h, 3.0 h, 6.0 h, 1 month, and 3 months later after drug administration. The effect of triptorelin on LH levels was measured using a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA). Testosterone and endogenous steroid levels were monitored using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Triptorelin showed an advantage over leuprorelin on LH and testosterone suppression, which is preferable to use for prostate cancer treatment. In this study, triptorelin (5–10), a unique in vivo metabolite, was found in urine and serum and verified with synthetic triptorelin (5–10). The metabolite was analyzed using liquid chromatography combined with Orbitrap (LC‐Orbitrap) and liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC/MS‐IT‐TOF). When triptorelin levels are undetectable, the presence of triptorelin (5–10) in human urine can be used as evidence that triptorelin is being misused in doping control.
Experimental study on dynamic behavior analysis of coal and its acoustic emission response characteristics under impact failure
Authors: Zhang Wei , Fu Huijian , Liu Yingke , Long Zhaoxi , Liu Yang , Yang Tengrui , Sun Yanbo , Jiang Mingjun , Wen Xiaojiang , Niu Yue , Cheng Ruixi
Published: January 2025

In coal mines, dynamic disasters such as rock bursts seriously threaten the safety of mining activities. Exploring the dynamic behaviors and disaster characteristics in the impact failure process of coal serves as the basis and prerequisite for monitoring and warning rock bursts. In this context, impact failure tests of coal were carried out under different axial static loads and impact velocities to analyze the dynamic behaviors and acoustic emission (AE) response characteristics of coal. The results show that the dynamic behaviors of coal under combined dynamic and static loads are significantly different from those under static loads, and the stress‐strain curve displays double peaks without an obvious compaction stage. As the axial static load grows, the dynamic strength and peak strain both have a quadratic function with the axial static load. When the coal damage intensifies instantaneously, the AE count and energy parameters both witness pulse‐like increases and reach their peak values. The damage effect of axial static loads on coal, though limited, has an extreme point. In contrast, the impact velocity can strengthen the response of AE signals and has linear function relationships with the peak values of AE count and energy. This plays a leading role in the damage to samples and sets a critical point for coal failure and fracture. Compared with the analysis results of stress and strain, the responses of AE signals are more accurate and reliable. Based on AE response characteristics, the damage evolution process of coal under the combined dynamic and static loads can be identified more accurately to reveal the moment corresponding to coal damage and the characteristics of coal failure. The research results are conducive to the further application of AE monitoring methods to early warning of rock burst disasters in coal mining sites.
Diagnosis Osteoporosis Risk: Using Machine Learning Algorithms Among Fasa Adults Cohort Study (FACS)
Authors: Tabib Saghar , Alizadeh Seyed Danial , Andishgar Aref , Pezeshki Babak , Keshavarzian Omid , Tabrizi Reza
Published: January 2025

Introduction

In Iran, the assessment of osteoporosis through tools like dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry poses significant challenges due to their high costs and limited availability, particularly in small cities and rural areas. Our objective was to employ a variety of machine learning (ML) techniques to evaluate the accuracy and precision of each method, with the aim of identifying the most accurate pattern for diagnosing the osteoporosis risks.

Methods

We analysed the data related to osteoporosis risk factors obtained from the Fasa Adults Cohort Study in eight ML methods, including logistic regression (LR), baseline LR, decision tree classifiers (DT), support vector classifiers (SVC), random forest classifiers (RF), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), K nearest neighbour classifiers (KNN) and extreme gradient boosting (XGB). For each algorithm, we calculated accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score and area under the curve (AUC) and compared them.

Results

The XGB model with an AUC of 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74–0.82) and an accuracy of 0.79 (0.75–0.83) demonstrated the best performance, while AUC and accuracy values of RF were achieved (0.78 and 0.77), LR (0.78 and 0.77), LDA (0.78 and 0.76), DT (0.76 and 0.79), SVC (0.71 and 0.64), KNN (0.63 and 0.59) and baseline LR (0.72 and 0.82), respectively.

Conclusion

The XGB model had the best performance in assessing the risk of osteoporosis in the Iranian population. Given the disadvantages and challenges associated with traditional osteoporosis diagnostic tools, the implementation of ML algorithms for the early identification of individuals with osteoporosis can lead to a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality related to this condition. This advancement not only alleviates the substantial financial burden placed on the healthcare systems of various countries due to the treatment of complications arising from osteoporosis but also encourages health policies to shift toward more preventive approaches for managing this disease.