bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Docking Study of Pramipexole Derivatives as Radiopharmaceutical Candidates for Brain Imaging
Authors: Wibawa Teguh Hafiz Ambar , Rattyananda Badra Sanditya , Setiadi Yanuar , Widyasari Eva Maria , Sriyani Maula Eka , Wongso Hendris , Febrian Muhamad Basit , Mahendra Isa , Kurniawan Ahmad , Halimah Iim , Kusumaningrum Christerra Ellen , Rizaludin Asep , Nuraeni Witri , Mulyati Titin Sri , Rosyidiah Endah
Published: March 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases are a global priority disease. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that by 2050, there will be 152 million people with neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, the method used for brain imaging is PET/CT, with the most widely used radiopharmaceutical being 18F-FDG [7,8]. 18F-FDG is used to determine brain glucose metabolism, however the 18F-FDG does not have a specific receptor. Pramipexole compounds can cross the blood-brain barrier and have high specificity for dopamine receptors. By modifying and labelling the structure of pramipexole derivatives, it is expected to obtain pramipexole derivatives with a good affinity to the dopamine receptor. In order to reduce the risk of failure, radiation hazard, and research funds, in this research, a molecular docking study was carried out using the targeted docking method between dopamine receptor proteins and 22 pramipexole derivatives using AutoDock 4, GaussView software for structure preparation, Gaussian software for energy calculation, and Biovia Discovery Studio for structure visualization. The experimental results showed that the free binding energy of pramipexole derivatives for the dopamine receptor was obtained in the range of -2.81 to -5.84 kcal/mol. The best free binding energy value was obtained for compound PD-7, with a free binding energy value of -5.84 kcal/mol, while the RMSD value obtained was 0.6 A°, and amino acid residues that interacted with compound PD-7 among others: Leu347, Leu343, Tyr198, Leu199, Glu202, Phe201, and Val203 with hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions. The PD-7 compound was labeled using the radioisotope iodine-131 based on the free binding energy value. From the experimental results, compound 131I-PD-7 showed a free binding energy value of -4.66 kcal/mol and interacts with the similar amino acid residues as compound PD-7. These results indicate that the compound131I-PD-7 is a potential candidate to be studied further as a radiopharmaceutical candidate for brain imaging.
Integrated Life Cycle Assessment and Techno-economic Analysis for Ionic Liquids-based Biomass Delignification Process
Authors: Putra Agusta Samodra , Anita Yulia
Published: March 2024

Ionic liquids (ILs) are a sort of green solvent that possess considerable promise for many industrial applications, such as the delignification of biomass. This study conducted an integrated life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA) of the utilization of 1 g of ILs for the ionosolv delignification process. [bmim][Cl] was selected as a case study. By using the CML 2001 environmental impact analysis method, 1 g of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [bmim][Cl] utilization for the ionosolv delignification process emitted 3.67 g CO2 eq of GWP100, 0.013 g SO2 eq of acidification potential, 0.015 g PO43- eq of eutrophication potential, and 32.417 g 1,4-DCB eq of HTP 20a.
Removal of organic pollutants from sugarcane stillage using UV-assisted Fenton process
Authors: Biddinika Muhammad Kunta , Hakika Dhias Cahya , Amal Ikhlasul , Fatra Dzaki Ramadhan
Published: March 2024

Stillage or distillery wastewater have been reported as industrial effluent that are difficult to be treated as its discharge in the water bodies presents contamination with recalcitrant and non-degradable pollutants. Due to their complicated structure, stillage treatment process using traditional methods such as adsorption, coagulation, and flocculation is challenging. Fenton reaction has been found as an effective method to degrade these contaminants through hydroxyl radicals. In this study, the removal of pollutants in stillage was investigated using UV-assisted Fenton process. Experiments was conducted for 60 minutes in a batch reactor with initial pH of stillage 4.5, UV lamp of 395-400 nm, and constant speed of 250 rpm, while the dosages of H2O2 and Fe (II) were kept constant at 3.3 g/L and 0.6 g Fe/L, respectively. The profile of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, pH, temperature, and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was evaluated under three dilution factors of raw stillage (1/10; 1/25; and 1/50) during treatment process to investigate the effects of these parameters on treatment efficiency. It has been observed that initial COD of stillage had considerable effect on the performance of UV-photo-Fenton treatment, as higher dilution factor increases the removal efficiency of COD from stillage. The degradation of COD by UV-assisted Fenton was found to be suitably described by the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The results obtained from this work indicated that UV-Fenton can be introduced as a successful advanced treatment process for efficient degradation of stillage.
Optimization of ethyl oleate from oleic acid and ethanol with Dean-Stark trap technology by response surface methodology
Authors: Harmami Sri Budi , Meliana Yenny , Wahyuningsih Puji , Gozan Misri
Published: March 2024

This work evaluates the optimum condition of the esterification reaction of oleic acid (OA) and ethanol by Dean-Stark trap (DS) and without technology, as well as the effects of the various factors’ interaction on the conversion rate of OA. The influences of OA/ethanol molar ratio, concentration of catalyst, temperature reaction, and time reaction on the conversion rate of OA were investigated. The response surface method (RSM) is combined to optimize the experimental scheme. The results showed that the conversion rate of OA reached the peak of 98.78% when the molar ratio of ethanol/OA was 9:1, the concentration of catalyst was 3%, the temperature reaction was 90 oC, and the reaction time was 10 hours. Compared with the esterification reaction without DS, the conversion rate of OA was 54.96%. FTIR analysis confirmed the changes of a functional group for the response, and GC-MS was for confirmation of the fragmentation mode of the esterification reaction that occurs. The availability of ethyl oleate derived from palm oil, aimed at surfactant production, provides an excellent feedstock to produce surfactants for cosmetic applications.
Fermented Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) Extract by Kombucha as Energy Booster Produced via Cross-Flow Microfiltration Membrane
Authors: Susilowati Agustine , Aspiyanto  , Melanie Hakiki , Maryati Yati , Filailla Euis
Published: March 2024

Beetroot extract (permeate) fermented by kombucha culture separated through cross-flow microfiltration (CFMF) with pore size 0.15 μm at TMP 2 and 6 bar for 0, 5, 15, 25, and 35 minutes, with a flow rate of 7.5 L/m3.hour, at room temperature potentially serves as a natural energy booster. The research results based on soluble protein show that the optimization process at TMP 2 and 6 bar was achieved at 15 minutes with permeate flux of 32.52 and 28.05 L/m3.h, respectively, and soluble protein content of 0.72 and 0.38 mg/mL, total solids of 3.40% and 3.36%, total sugar of 45.91 and 47.47 mg/mL, and acetic acid of 0.93 and 0.97%. Under these conditions, the CFMF system increased the soluble protein in permeate by 123.53% or 1.23 times, indicating partial rejection, and 22.58% or complete rejection. The identification of amino acids in the optimum condition was dominated by three threonine monomers with molecular weights of 120.11, 120.37, and 120.90 Da (M+), and six tryptophan monomers with molecular weights of 205.11, 205.21, 205.44, 205.60, 205.88, and 205.94 Da (M+). The permeate under optimum conditions had average particle sizes of 2788.0 nm and 2922.0 nm, with particle index of 1.523 and 1.795. The particle distribution in permeate at TMP 2 and 6 bar was less than 10,000 nm in size
Swelling and removal of metal in zeolit alam lampung (ZAL) using a swelling agent C15H32
Authors: Susmanto Prahady , Intang Ambo , Bustan Muhammad Djoni , Haryati Sri
Published: March 2024

Natural Zeolite, especially Zeolit Alam Lampung (ZAL) from Indonesia is a natural zeolite with a clinoptilatite-type crystal with a hollow structure. One option in modifying ZAL in the chemical field, especially catalysts and adsorbents, is the swelling method. The challenge of swelling in ZAL is the content of alkali and alkaline earth metals (Na, Mg, K, Ca), transition metals (Fe and Cu), and the Si/Al ratio of 5.9, which will influence the structure of the swelled ZAL. The selection of swelling agents with isomers of aromatic and alkane groups at C15H32 has two functions: a swelling agent and a removal agent for alkali metals, alkaline earth, and transition metals. The ability of C15H32 can break Si-O-T and Al-O-T bonds without adversely affecting the crystal structure of ZAL Swelling. SEM EDX results showed that the highest decrease in alkali and alkaline earth metal content occurred in Na and Ca metals, which amounted to 42.6% and 43.3%, respectively. The same condition also occurred in Fe and Cu transition metals, which decreased to 59.3% and 52.3%, respectively. Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) analysis showed an increase in Average pore Radius in ZAL Swelling by 35.6% (95.8442 Å) compared to ZAL of 70.6596 Å.
An Efficient Extraction and Selective of Alumina from Lapindo Mud
Authors: Anggoro Didi Dwi , David Michael , Alrasyid Shafira Kayla , Chaerunnisa Cahya Kamilla , Rachmawanti Desita
Published: March 2024

Lapindo mud, a soft clay soil found in Sidoarjo, East Java, has a high water and mineral content. It contains 16% alumina (Al2O3), making it a potential source of aluminum metal. The high content of silica oxide in Lapindo mud is of particular interest to separate the oxide from the alumina oxide. Silica oxide is insoluble in acid while aluminum oxide is soluble in acid. The alumina extraction process was carried out using acid solvent. The dried mud with a size of ≤100 mesh was extracted using HNO3 and HCl solvent with concentration of 4, 6, and 8 M at temperatures of 60℃, 70℃, and 80℃ for 100, 200, and 300 minutes. The extraction results were filtered, then the pH of the filtrate was adjusted to 12 with 6 M NaOH. The filtrate was filtered, thus Fe3+ was obtained as a residue. The filtrate was neutralized to pH 8 using 6 M HCl. The filtrate was filtered to obtain NaAlO2. The precipitate formed was washed using distilled water and dried in an oven to obtain Al(OH)3. Al(OH)3 was then calcined at 600℃ for four hours to form Al2O3. The results showed that acid solvent concentration, extraction temperature, and heating time affected the mass of Al2O3 obtained. Increasing acid solvent concentration, extraction temperature, and heating time, increases the mass of Al2O3 obtained. The mass of Al2O3 obtained was 1.19 grams for HNO3 solvent and 1.63 grams for HCl solvent with concentration of 8 M, extraction temperature of 80℃, and heating time of 300 minutes. The results of XRF characterization show that the Al3O3 purity level is 42.8% and 27.3%with HNO3 and HCl solvent, respectively.
Extraction of Sungkai (Peronema cannescens Jack) leaves, Antioxidant Activity Test and Its Nanoemulsion Formulation
Authors: Nurfauziyah  , Yulizar Yoki , Meliana Yenny
Published: March 2024

Sungkai (Peronema canescens J.) is an Indonesian native plant widely distributed on the islands of Kalimantan and Sumatra. Potential of these plants is related to the presence of secondary metabolites, which can be obtained through extraction. In its application, plant extract requires a delivery system that can penetrate well into the skin and maximise the efficacy of the active ingredients, such as nanoemulsion, which has high kinetic stability due to the smaller droplet size. The research was conducted to compare the yields from the two extraction methods, the presence of active compounds in the plants related to their properties as antioxidants and then formulated into nanoemulsion. The results showed that Sungkai leaves extract contains active metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The extraction of sungkai leaves yields 15.91% and 14.71% for CE and UAE methods. The total phenolic and flavonoid values were 27.74 and 41.88 mg GAE/g extract; 17.60 and 36.02 mg QE/g extract; and IC50 values of 50.78 and 53.50, included in the strong antioxidant category. Stable nanoemulsion formulation was obtained by adding 1 gram of olive oil with a homogenisation speed of 15000 rpm, with particle size of 83.4 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.455.
The Characteristic Of Biocomposite Film Of Spirulina Residue As Natural Dyes
Authors: Agustina Siti , Yulianto Aton , Fajriyan  , Kamil Ahmad , Hartanto Eddy Sapto , Syamani Firda Aulya
Published: March 2024

Spirulina plantesis microalgae contain active ingredients in the form of antioxidants and pigments. Currently, the microalgae Spirulina plantesis is used as an antioxidant in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. This manuscript discusses the utilization of Spirulina plantesis microalgae pigment as a natural dye plastic. The need for color plastics for various uses continues to increase. The use of natural dyes for plastics is expected to produce biocomposite films that are safe for the environment or biodegradable and safe to be used. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of adding Spirulina residue as a natural dye on the characteristics of biocomposite films. The variable concentration of Spirulina residue added to the biocomposite film formula was 0.5%,1%, and 1.5%. The film production method used was the solution casting method. In this study, 200ml of distilled water was added with Spirulina residue (SR), then stirred for 30 minutes, and after that successively added 1% Glycerol and stirred for 15 minutes; Carrageenan 1% and stirred for 15 minutes. The solution was heated at 70oC then Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) with concentrations of 3%, 4%, and 5%, and Tapioca (3%) were added until complete gelatinization occurred. The solution was poured into a 30 cm x 20 cm mold and dried at 30oC for 48 hours to form a film. Biocomposite films were analyzed for tensile strength and elongation at break based on ASTM D 638, color, and morphology. The results showed that the highest tensile strength and elongation at break of biocomposites were found in biocomposite films with the addition of 0.5% Spirulina residue, namely 96.40±6.04 kgf/m2 and 47.64±7.48%, respectively. Analysis of the color of the biocomposite films showed the highest greenish and yellowish colors in the biocomposite films with the addition of 1.5% Spirulina residue and 5% PVA. Spirulina residue can be utilized as the plastic dyes.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs): Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Yuliani Fitri , Fauzia Syiffa , Saefumillah Asep
Published: March 2024

Separation techniques can be applied to sample clean up and preconcentration processes which are key steps in analytical methods to improve the characteristic performance for the separation and detection of various analytes. Selection of the right sorbent with higher selectivity is the main objective of analysis proposed by Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs). MIPs is a separation technique are prepared by reaction sequences containing a template, one or two functional monomers, one/two crosslinking monomers, polymerization initiator in a solvent containing solution. Various studies on MIPs have been carried out because MIPs have many advantages over other methods, especially as a selective adsorbent for sample preconcentration. The aim of this study is to comprehensively and systematically examine and present bibliometric data analysis using VOSViewer using Scopus article data. it is possible to infer that VOSviewer may be used as a tool for bibliometric data analysis, whereas Publish or Perish can be utilized as a reference management tool for collecting research article data on "molecularly imprinted polymers." The data utilized in this study to analyze data with VOSviewer is research on "molecularly imprinted polymers" from the Scopus database. The total number of publications acquired relevant to the issue was 200 documents spanning the years 2018-2023. Between 2018 and 2023, the amount of research on molecularly imprinted polymers published in Scopus-indexed journals declined. The network visualization depicts the evolution map of molecularly imprinted polymers, which is separated into four clusters. Cluster 1 contains 128 topics, Cluster 2 contains 95 topics, Cluster 3 contains 90 topics, and Cluster 4 contains 73 items. So, the total number of terms in this study is 386 from four clusters.
Utilization of Rubber Waste for Manufacture of Rubber Conical Bonded
Authors: Amry Akhmad , Anggaravidya Mahendra , Rahmawati Vika , Ayumustiko Riski , Hidayat Ade Sholeh , Arti Dewi Kusuma , Indriasari  , Fidyaningsih Riastuti , Utami Wahyu Tri , Susanto Herry , Wisojodharmo Lies A. , Idvan  , Bagja Widia , Setiana Edi
Published: March 2024

Rubber Conical Bonded (RCB) is a component that connects the wheel with the train bogie, which functions to dampen vibration and noise. This RCB is made of rubber. In this research, RCB vulcanizate will be made with a mixture of natural rubber (RSS 1) and rubber waste. Rubber waste is the residue from the production process of technical rubber goods or rubber technical goods that are no longer used. This rubber waste goes through a devulcanization process to be reused as a raw material. In this study, rubber waste derived from the residue of the production process was varied with the phr ratio as follows: RSS 1 / Rubber waste / Devulcanized rubber waste (RCB0: 100/0/0; RCB10: 90/10/0; RCB30: 70/30/0; RCB50: 50/50/0; RCB10X: 90/0/10; RCB30X: 70/0/30). The vulcanizate obtained was then subjected to physical characterization (before and after aging 24 hrs; 70oC) and compared with the technical specifications of the RCB. Physical characterization includes Tensile Strength (min 14 N/mm2), Tear Strength (min 26 N/mm2), Hardness Shore A (50±5), Elongation at Break (min 400%), and Compression Set (max 30%). The results show that all variations meet the specifications for tensile strength, tear strength, and hardness.
Advances in modified silica nanoparticles utilization for various applications: Now and future
Authors: Silviana S. , Dalanta Febio
Published: March 2024

The review article explores the multifaceted applications of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) across diverse industries, emphasizing their catalytic role in transformative advancements. Green nanotechnology principles are crucial for sustainable SNP synthesis, with a focus on utilizing natural extracts and bio-agents. Standardization and enhanced collaboration between industry and academia are pivotal for realizing the broader potential of SNPs. In the biomedical realm, SNPs exhibit exceptional capabilities in drug delivery and diagnostics, promising significant medical advancements. Safe integration necessitates collaborative efforts in safety assessments, long-term studies, and standardized testing. The exploration of SNP-based advanced coatings hints at industry-specific applications, with a recommendation for continued research into new capabilities and compatibility. SNPs in Li-ion batteries show promise for energy storage, urging further investigation into scalability and long-term performance. Agriculture benefits from SNP applications in precision farming, emphasizing the need for environmentally conscious formulations. In nanocomposite materials, SNPs enhance mechanical properties, advocating collaborative research for standardization and optimization. The adaptability of SNP-based smart coatings in aerospace and automotive industries requires exploration of new functionalities and seamless integration. In conclusion, SNPs hold promising prospects in healthcare, energy storage, and agriculture, emphasizing the necessity of collaborative efforts, sustained research, and a commitment to responsible and innovative SNP integration for a technologically advanced and environmentally conscious future.
Zuhause-Behandlung in der Gerontopsychiatrie als verantwortungsvolles Arbeitsfeld für Pflegende
Authors: Stasik Eileen , Holzberger Marie-Luise , Becker-Scharwatz Rita , Fußer Fabian , Frisch Stefan
Published: March 2024

Gerade ältere Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen sowie ihre Angehörigen profitieren davon, wenn sie in ihrer gewohnten Umgebung behandelt werden. Dort können die vorhandenen Ressourcen der Betroffenen adäquat eingeschätzt und eingesetzt beziehungsweise angepasst werden.
Prävention des Pankreaskarzinoms
Authors: Scherübl Hans
Published: March 2024

Das Pankreaskarzinom nimmt in Deutschland stetig an Häufigkeit zu und stellt aktuell die dritthäufigste tumorbedingte Todesursache dar. Voraussichtlich rückt es bis 2030 auf den 2. Platz und bis 2050 auf den 1. Platz der krebsbedingten Todesfälle vor. Das Pankreasadenokarzinom wird in der überwiegenden Mehrzahl der Fälle spät diagnostiziert und die 5-Jahre-Überlebensrate liegt nach wie vor bei nur 10 %. Zu den beeinflussbaren Risikofaktoren zählen das Tabakrauchen, ein übermäßiges Körpergewicht, der Alkoholkonsum, der Typ-2-Diabetes und das metabolische Syndrom. Der Rauchstopp und die gewollte Gewichtsabnahme (bei Adipositas) können das Pankreaskrebsrisiko um etwa 50 % reduzieren. Zudem ist die Früherkennung des sporadischen Pankreaskarzinoms im Stadium IA – nun mit einem 5-Jahre-Überleben von 80 % – bei Menschen über 50 mit neu diagnostiziertem Diabetes eine realistische Perspektive geworden. Aktuelle Entwicklungen hierzu werden kurz beschrieben.
Role of Ductus Venosus Doppler Sonography for the Prediction of
Perinatal Outcome in Term Pregnancies Complicated by Gestational Diabetes
Mellitus
Authors: Graupner Oliver , Rath Caroline , Lecker Linda , Ritter Monica , Ritgen Jochen , Enzensberger Christian
Published: March 2024

Purpose Ductus venosus (DV) Doppler velocimetry reflects fetal cardiac
function. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is assumed to impair cardiac
function due to fetal hyperglycemia. The purpose of this study was to assess the
ability of DV Doppler to predict an adverse perinatal outcome (APO) in term
pregnancies with GDM.

Methods This is a retrospective cohort study including GDM pregnancies of
singleton, non-anomalous fetuses without any signs of placental dysfunction. All
GDM women who primarily had a vaginal delivery attempt and in which DV Doppler
was examined from 37+0 weeks on were included. Receiver operating characteristic
curve (ROC) analyses were performed to assess the predictive value of DV
pulsatility index (DV-PI) regarding a composite APO (CAPO). Furthermore, a
subgroup analysis was performed regarding the presence of a
large-for-gestational-age (LGA) newborn.

Results A total of n=89 cases were included. Overall, CAPO occurred in 26
out of 89 cases (29.2%). All DV Doppler examinations showed a positive A wave.
DV-PI was>95th percentile in 8 out of 89 cases (9%). Overall, ROC analysis
showed no significant association of DV-PI with CAPO (AUC=0.523, p=0.735).
However, regarding individual APO parameters, ROC analysis showed a significant
association of DV-PI with 5th-min AGPAR (AUC=0.960, p=0.027), which was not
confirmed after exclusion of LGA cases.

Conclusion In GDM pregnancies at term, DV Doppler sonography seems to have
no benefit for APO prediction.
Using an under-utilised rural hospital to reduce surgical waiting lists
Authors: Edwards Tracey , Boerkamp Andrea , Davis Kimberley J. , Craig Steven
Published: March 2024

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate patient outcomes from a 12-month pilot program establishing specialist surgical services in a small rural (Modified Monash Model, MM4) hospital on the south coast of NSW. Methods Suitable patients for ambulatory surgery were selected based on strict anaesthetic, surgical and social criteria. Skills shortfalls among nursing staff, usually with emergency or inpatient experience, were addressed by appropriate re-training and in-service training in scrub, scout and anaesthetic duties. An anonymous post-operative patient survey was administered during the pilot program, which assessed patient experiences and outcomes. Of 162 patients undergoing surgery during the pilot, 50 consecutive participants completed the survey. Results Of the 161 procedures during the pilot program, 100 were performed under sedation and locoregional anaesthesia and 62 under general anaesthesia. Half (n = 86, 53.4%) were complex excisions of malignant skin lesions, and of these 63% also required either a skin graft or local flap repair. Survey respondents reported adequate information and pain relief upon discharge (n = 45, 96%) and 100% were satisfied with the care received. No respondents needed to see a doctor following discharge. There were no mortality events or major issues of morbidity during the study period or subsequently, no further overnight admissions or return to theatre and no re-presentations within 48 h of operating. Two superficial surgical site infections were reported. Conclusions There is merit in drawing on underutilised resources in small rural hospitals in support of initiatives to reduce surgical waitlists. Appropriate outpatient surgeries can be safely performed with high levels of patient satisfaction.
The second language acquisition of variation in adulthood and
language change
Authors: Geeslin Kimberly , Evans-Sago Travis , Fafulas Stephen A. , Goebel-Mahrle Thomas
Published: March 2024

Research on the second language acquisition of
sociolinguistic variation is grounded in an understanding of
sociohistorical linguistics. The patterns attested in language
change provide a foundation for understanding the language of second
language learners. This chapter provides an overview of research on
adult L2 sociolinguistics and shines a light on studies that
demonstrate how linguists might bridge the gap between the fields of
historical linguistics and second language acquisition (e.g., Giacalone Ramat (1995) for
L2 Italian, Donaldson
(2017) for L2 French and Geeslin (2002) for L2 Spanish). Moving from
studies that explicitly explore this connection, the chapter
identifies other findings in L2 research that bridge this gap, and
offers suggestions for future inquiry at the intersection of these
two fields.
Two types of left-dislocation in Old English
Authors: Bartnik Artur
Published: March 2024

This paper examines two types of left-dislocated structures in Old English: contrastive left-dislocation
(CLD) and hanging topic left-dislocation (HTLD). As reported in the literature, the constructions show differences
with respect to three properties: the type of the resumptive pronoun (demonstrative or personal pronoun), case (the
same or different case of the resumptive and dislocated phrase) and position (low or high position of the resumptive
pronoun). It is argued that only the first property – the type of the resumptive pronoun – clearly differentiates the
two types in Old English, whereas the other two characteristics are problematic. Some additional support for the
CLD/HTLD division is provided by discourse analysis.
Is legal discourse really “outside the ravages of time”?
Authors: Rodríguez-Puente Paula
Published: March 2024

This study explores word-based nominalizations between 1535 and 2021 in legal decisions. Nominalizations and the passive are usually proscribed in contemporary legal drafting manuals. Recent research has shown that there has been a notable reduction in the use of the passive, probably aided by campaigns promoting a plainer language accessible to the general public. However, nominalizations have received scarce attention in the literature to date. The data here show that nominalizations, especially those formed with Romance suffixes, tend to increase in frequency and productivity over time in legal decisions, probably acting as a compensation for the decrease in the use of the passive voice, or motivated by a general increase in the nominal density of legal decisions.
Filled-in petition forms and hand-drafted petitions to the Foundling Hospital
Authors: Calvo Cortés Nuria
Published: March 2024

The present study compares filled-in petition forms with hand-drafted petitions addressed to the Foundling Hospital between 1759 and 1815. The focus of the analysis is on the similarities and/or differences between the two types and how they compare to the petition models presented in the letter-writing manuals of the time. The results show that the hand-drafted petitions display more variation in general than the filled-in petition forms, although not as much as expected. The findings suggest that the writers of these petitions were aware of the conventions established at the time even when they had to draft a petition themselves and that their writing did not differ much from the writing of other letter writers of the time.
Microstructural properties in the narrative retellings of young English learners in EMI schools in India
Authors: Tsimpli Ianthi M. , Mukhopadhyay Lina , Balasubramanian Anusha , Treffers-Daller Jeanine
Published: March 2024

The present study investigates narrative microstructure in the English oral retellings of primary school
children from disadvantaged backgrounds in India. For these children, the combination of rich linguistic diversity and
English as the medium of instruction is a challenge since exposure to English is almost exclusively in the school
context. Measures of microstructure include syntactic complexity and finiteness marking as well-known indices of
English language ability. Microstructural properties are examined in relation to literacy performance in order to
identify possible links between the two modalities. Participants’ language background was included to investigate a
possible (dis)advantage associated with minority language speakers exposed to English as the medium of instruction.
Our findings suggest that finiteness errors and number of function words are associated with performance on reading
comprehension. English input in the classroom selectively predicts performance on complex syntax but not other aspects
of microstructure measures. Children speaking minority languages at home are not disadvantaged in their English
performance compared to children speaking the majority language (Telugu). Finally, error analysis suggests
similarities between types of errors found in other studies of child L2 English. This study sheds light on English L2
narrative skills in a multilingual and underprivileged context with learners exposed to low levels of English language
input.
Language alternation is not always translanguaging
Authors: Tsiplakou Stavroula
Published: March 2024

This paper addresses the relationship between language alternation and translanguaging and an attempt is made, via an examination of two different sets of data collected with ethnographic tools from a multilingual and a bidialectal classroom in Cyprus, to examine whether the language/code alternation practices observed in the data can be said to constitute aspects of a pedagogy of translanguaging. The analysis shows that the structuring and distribution of the language/code-alternation patterns in terms of their orientation (participant- or discourse-oriented), directionality, and function within the overall dynamics of classroom discourse do not point to genuine translanguaging, but ultimately reinforce the explicitly stated aim of fostering monolingualism, which is moreover constructed as competence in Standard Greek, the prestige variety.
The sociolinguistics of urban multilingualism
Authors: Walker James A. , Hajek John , Loakes Debbie , Diskin-Holdaway Chloé , Docherty Gerard
Published: March 2024

Changing patterns of global migration and increasing ethnolinguistic (super)diversity hold sociolinguistic consequences for heritage/community languages (HCL) and majority languages in large urban centres. Studies in different cities have noted the existence of (multi-)ethnolects, which may arise from second language acquisition and/or long-term bilingualism and may take on indexical social value. This chapter compares two majority English-speaking cities in Canada (Toronto) and Australia (Melbourne) that are characterised by increasing ethnolinguistic diversity. Previous research has identified (multi-)ethnolectal behaviour in both cities that has only recently been the subject of systematic investigation. Toronto English shows different overall rates of usage of a range of phonetic/phonological and grammatical/discourse-pragmatic variables, although parallel conditioning of the variation by language-internal factors across younger speakers suggests that speakers share the same underlying system. Previous work on Melbourne English has similarly identified a number of linguistic features characteristic of particular ethnolinguistic background. Adopting the variationist sociolinguistic approach, these projects explore the function of language in constructing and expressing (ethnic) identity in situations of ethnolinguistic (super)diversity and the potential for multiple linguistic systems to co-exist.
Barossa German
Authors: Mickan Peter
Published: March 2024

This chapter reports on a project of language documentation, maintenance and renewal in the Barossa region of South Australia. The project commenced with oral recordings of descendants of German-speaking immigrants to the British settlement of South Australia in the nineteenth century. The speakers who were recorded valued the recognition of their German heritage and identity as they had been forbidden to speak German in childhood due to suppression of their ethnicity in the Second World War. In response to the wish to socialise in German a regular program was organised for heritage speakers and for recent immigrants. The Barossa German Language Association Inc. was established to support German maintenance and revival events and to advocate for the reintroduction of bilingual German English programs closed in 1917. The project has evolved with regular social events, a publication Das Blatt and education programs.
Innovative synthesis technique for high-performance dielectric resonator antennas: laser-induced shockwave sintering of potassium sodium niobate (KNN)
Authors: Zhang Hao , Joo Yun Hwan , Wang Yue , Yi Tongqiang , Sung Tae Hyun
Published: March 2024

This study explored the synthesis and sintering of potassium sodium niobate (KNN) nanoparticles, emphasizing morphology, crystal structure, and sintering methods. The as-synthesized KNN nanoparticles exhibited a spherical morphology below 200 nm. Solid state sintering (SSS) and laser-induced shockwave sintering (LISWS) were compared, with LISWS producing denser microstructures and improved grain growth. Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction confirmed KNN perovskite structure, with LISWS demonstrating higher purity. High-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra indicated increased binding energies in LISWS, reflecting enhanced density and crystallinity. Dielectric and loss tangent analyses showed temperature-dependent behavior, with LISWS-3 exhibiting superior properties. Antenna performance assessments revealed LISWS-3’s improved directivity and reduced sidelobe radiation compared to SSS, attributed to its denser microstructure. Overall, LISWS proved advantageous for enhancing KNN ceramics, particularly in antenna applications.
Integration of statistical and simulation analyses for ternary hybrid nanofluid over a moving surface with melting heat transfer
Authors: Rehman Aqeel ur , Abbas Zaheer , Hussain Zawar , Hasnain Jafar , Asma Mir
Published: March 2024

In industrial and engineering fields including lamination, melt-spinning, continuous casting, and fiber spinning, the flow caused by a continually moving surface is significant. Therefore, the problem of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over a moving surface is studied. This study explores the stability and statistical analyses of the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) forced flow of the ternary hybrid nanofluid with melting heat transfer phenomena. The impacts of viscous dissipation, Joule heating, and thermal radiation are also included in the flow. Different fluids including ternary hybrid nanofluid, hybrid nanofluids, and nanofluids with base fluid ethylene glycol (EG) are examined and compared, where magnetite (Fe3O4) and silica (SiO2) are taken as the magnetic nanomaterials while silver (Ag) is chosen as the nonmagnetic nanomaterial. The skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number are estimated through regression analysis. By employing similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations are converted into non-linear ordinary differential equations. Then, the least square method is applied to solve the equations analytically. Dual solutions are established in a particular range of moving parameter λ. Due to this, a stability test is implemented to find the stable solution by using the bvp4c function in MATLAB software. It is found that the first solution is the stable one while the second is unstable. The use of ternary hybrid nanomaterials improves the heat transport rate. The increasing values of the Eckert number enlarge the heat passage. The fluid velocity and temperature profiles for nonmagnetic nanomaterials are higher than that of magnetic nanomaterials. The uniqueness and originality of this study stems from the fact that, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first to use this combination technique.
Laser-induced transverse voltage effect in c-axis inclined La
x
Sr1−x
TiO3 thin films prepared by MOCVD
Authors: Xie Tian , Tao Bowan , Zhao Ruipeng , Zhang Tong , Chen Xi , Yang Kai , Li Zhenzhe , Xia Yudong , Tian Hongbo , Ming Guoliang
Published: March 2024

Light and thermal detectors based on the laser-induced transverse voltage (LITV) effect have garnered significant interest for their rapid and broad spectral response. In this study, we prepared the La-doped SrTiO3 (STO) epitaxial thin films on the 12° inclined single crystal LaAlO3 (LAO) (100) substrates using our home-designed metal–organic chemical vapor deposition system. Under the illumination of a 248 nm laser, the LITV signals of La
x
Sr1−x
TiO3 films were observed and showed dependence on the La doping level, which can be explained by the changes in the light absorption coefficient, thermal conductivity, and optical penetration depth. The optimized LITV signal was observed with a peak voltage of 23.25 V and a decay time of 106 ns under the laser power density of 1.0 mJ mm−2. The high peak voltage and fast response time of La
x
Sr1−x
TiO3 show great potential in the field of light and thermal detection.
Circumventing the ammonia-related growth suppression for obtaining regular GaN nanowires by HVPE
Authors: Semlali Elias , Avit Geoffrey , André Yamina , Gil Evelyne , Moskalenko Andriy , Shields Philip , Dubrovskii Vladimir G , Cattoni Andrea , Harmand Jean-Christophe , Trassoudaine Agnès
Published: March 2024

Selective area growth by hydride vapor phase epitaxy of GaN nanostructures with different shapes was investigated versus the deposition conditions including temperature and ammonia flux. Growth experiments were carried out on templates of GaN on sapphire masked with SiN
x
. We discuss two occurrences related to axial and radial growth of GaN nanowires. A growth suppression phenomenon was observed under certain conditions, which was circumvented by applying the cyclic growth mode. A theoretical model involving inhibiting species was developed to understand the growth suppression phenomenon on the masked substrates. Various morphologies of GaN nanocrystals were obtained by controlling the competition between the growth and blocking mechanisms as a function of the temperature and vapor phase composition. The optimal growth conditions were revealed for obtaining regular arrays of ∼5 μm long GaN nanowires.
Nano antenna-assisted quantum dots emission into high-index planar waveguide
Authors: Yu X , Weeber J-C , Markey L , Arocas J , Bouhelier A , Leray A , Colas des Francs G
Published: March 2024

Integrated quantum photonic circuits require the efficient coupling of photon sources to photonic waveguides. Hybrid plasmonic/photonic platforms are a promising approach, taking advantage of both plasmon modal confinement for efficient coupling to a nearby emitter and photonic circuitry for optical data transfer and processing. In this work, we established directional quantum dot (QD) emission coupling to a planar TiO2 waveguide assisted by a Yagi-Uda antenna. Antenna on waveguide is first designed by scaling radio frequency dimensions to nano-optics, taking into account the hybrid plasmonic/photonic platform. Design is then optimized by full numerical simulations. We fabricate the antenna on a TiO2 planar waveguide and deposit a few QDs close to the Yagi-Uda antenna. The optical characterization shows clear directional coupling originating from antenna effect. We estimate the coupling efficiency and directivity of the light emitted into the waveguide.
Activation of polyimide by oxygen plasma for atomic layer deposition of highly compact titanium oxide coating
Authors: Yan Chi , Tong Hua , Liu Cui , Ye Xiaojun , Yuan Xiao , Xu Jiahui , Li Hongbo
Published: March 2024

Titanium oxide (TiO2) coated polyimide has broad application prospects under extreme conditions. In order to obtain a high-quality ultra-thin TiO2 coating on polyimide by atomic layer deposition (ALD), the polyimide was activated by in situ oxygen plasma. It was found that a large number of polar oxygen functional groups, such as carboxyl, were generated on the surface of the activated polyimide, which can significantly promote the preparation of TiO2 coating by ALD. The nucleation and growth of TiO2 were studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy monitoring and scanning electron microscopy observation. On the polyimide activated by oxygen plasma, the size of TiO2 nuclei decreased and the quantity of TiO2 nuclei increased, resulting in the growth of a highly uniform and dense TiO2 coating. This coating exhibited excellent resistance to atomic oxygen. When exposed to 3.5 × 1021 atom cm−2 atomic oxygen flux, the erosion yield of the polyimide coated with 100 ALD cycles of TiO2 was as low as 3.0 × 10−25 cm3/atom, which is one order less than that of the standard POLYIMIDE-ref Kapton® film.
Bark beetle-driven community and biogeochemical impacts in forest ecosystems: a review
Authors: Siegert Courtney , Clay Natalie , Pace Kimberlyn , Vissa Sneha , Hofstetter Richard W , Leverón Oscar , Riggins John J
Published: March 2024

Bark beetles are a principal source of tree mortality in conifer forests, with beetle distribution and beetle-associated tree mortality increasing in frequency and extent. While bark beetles are associated with large-scale outbreaks that affect landscape structure, function, and wood quality, they are also drivers of important ecological processes that modify forest ecosystems. Bark beetle activity may affect biogeochemistry and forest decomposition processes by mediating microbial and detrital communities and by facilitating the turnover of deadwood. The turnover of deadwood in bark beetle-attacked forests has important implications for forest biogeochemical cycling, as dead wood releases CO2 into the atmosphere and carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrients into surrounding soils. However, our understanding of how initial physical, chemical, and biotic changes to bark beetle-attacked trees affect the succession of detrital organisms and decomposition of beetle-generated deadwood remains poor. Furthermore, the relationship between woody decomposition and landscape-level changes in biogeochemical processes in forest ecosystems following bark beetle activity is not well unified. This review article bridges this divide and provides an interdisciplinary perspective on tree mortality, ecological succession, and woody decomposition mediated by bark beetles.
Pain trajectories and their associations with cognition among older adults: a 10-year cohort study from network perspective
Authors: Sun He-Li , Bai Wei , Chen Pan , Zhang Ling , Smith Robert D , Su Zhaohui , Cheung Teris , Ungvari Gabor S , Ng Chee H , Zhang Qinge , Xiang Yu-Tao
Published: March 2024

Background

Few studies have examined the associations between pain trajectories and cognitive function in older adults. This study explored the associations between pain trajectories and different cognitive domains in older adults from a network perspective.

Methods

Data on pain trajectories were derived from the Health and Retirement Study between 2010 and 2020 using latent class growth analyses. Measurements of key cognition domains, including memory, attention, calculation, orientation and language, were included. Linear regression and network analysis were performed to evaluate the associations between different pain trajectories and cognition.

Results

A total of 9,551 older adults were included in this study and three trajectories of pain were identified. After controlling for the covariates, persistent severe pain trajectory was associated with poorer overall cognition, memory and calculation ability when compared to mild or non-persistent pain trajectory. In the pain and cognition network model, memory (expected influence (EI) = 0.62), language (EI = 0.58) and calculation (EI = 0.41) were the most central domains.

Conclusions

Pain trajectories appeared stable over time among older adults in this study. Severity of persistent pain was an important risk factor for poor cognition, especially in relation to memory and calculation domains. Interventions targeting memory, language and calculation domains might be useful in addressing cognitive decline in older adults with persistent pain.
Development and external validation of the eFalls tool: a multivariable prediction model for the risk of ED attendance or hospitalisation with a fall or fracture in older adults
Authors: Archer Lucinda , Relton Samuel D , Akbari Ashley , Best Kate , Bucknall Milica , Conroy Simon , Hattle Miriam , Hollinghurst Joe , Humphrey Sara , Lyons Ronan A , Richards Suzanne , Walters Kate , West Robert , van der Windt Danielle , Riley Richard D , Clegg Andrew ,   The eFI+ investigators
Published: March 2024

Background

Falls are common in older adults and can devastate personal independence through injury such as fracture and fear of future falls. Methods to identify people for falls prevention interventions are currently limited, with high risks of bias in published prediction models. We have developed and externally validated the eFalls prediction model using routinely collected primary care electronic health records (EHR) to predict risk of emergency department attendance/hospitalisation with fall or fracture within 1 year.

Methods

Data comprised two independent, retrospective cohorts of adults aged ≥65 years: the population of Wales, from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank (model development); the population of Bradford and Airedale, England, from Connected Bradford (external validation). Predictors included electronic frailty index components, supplemented with variables informed by literature reviews and clinical expertise. Fall/fracture risk was modelled using multivariable logistic regression with a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator penalty. Predictive performance was assessed through calibration, discrimination and clinical utility. Apparent, internal–external cross-validation and external validation performance were assessed across general practices and in clinically relevant subgroups.

Results

The model’s discrimination performance (c-statistic) was 0.72 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.68 to 0.76) on internal–external cross-validation and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.80 to 0.83) on external validation. Calibration was variable across practices, with some over-prediction in the validation population (calibration-in-the-large, −0.87; 95% CI: −0.96 to −0.78). Clinical utility on external validation was improved after recalibration.

Conclusion

The eFalls prediction model shows good performance and could support proactive stratification for falls prevention services if appropriately embedded into primary care EHR systems.