bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rum Igneous Centre, Scotland
Authors: Emeleus C. H. , Troll V. R.
Published: April 2016

The publication of the British Geological Survey memoir on Rum and the Small Isles in 1997 was followed by a period of intense petrological and mineralogical research, leading to some 40 papers, books and other publications. The research progress since then is reviewed here and integrated with the information previously available to provide an overview of the current status of understanding of the centre. New data on the acidic and mixed acid/basic magmas of the early Rum caldera demonstrate that frequent mafic replenishments were the main driver for magmatic activity at Rum right from its initial stages. The caldera is bound by the Main Ring Fault, a structure which probably also exercised an influence on the emplacement of the subsequent basic and ultrabasic intrusions. The later emplacement of gabbros and ultrabasic rocks caused only limited thermal metamorphism of the surrounding Torridonian sandstones, contrasting markedly with the crustal isotope signatures of the early intracaldera ignimbrite magmas and the intense alteration of uplifted masses of Lewisian gneiss within the ring fault. Rare picritic dykes provide an indication of the possible parent magma for the mafic and ultrabasic rocks, but these, as with most other magmatic rocks on Rum, have undergone varying degrees of crustal contamination, involving both Lewisian granulite and amphibolite-type crust but, notably, no Moine metasedimentary compositions as is the case at the nearby Ardnamurchan centre. Detailed textural studies on the gabbroic and ultrabasic rocks allow a distinction between intrusive peridotites and peridotite that forms part of the classic layered cumulate units of Rum and, furthermore, this work and that on the chromite seams and veins in these rocks shows that movement of trapped magma and magma derived from later intrusions, may produce textures regarded previously as of primary cumulate origin. Sulfides in the chromitite seams and ultrabasic rocks, in turn, show possible influences from assimilated Mesozoic sediments. Igneous activity on Rum was short-lived, possibly only between 0.5 and 1 m.y. in duration and commenced at ∼60.5 Ma. The Rum Central Complex was extinct by the time the main activity at the nearby Skye Central Complex commenced (∼59 Ma). From recent apatite fission-track studies it seems probable that Rum, in common with other Palaeogene centres, underwent a brief, but significantly later heating event (∼45 Ma).
On the complex H-bonding network in paravauxite, Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O: A single-crystal neutron diffraction study
Authors: Gatta G. D. , Vignola P. , Meven M.
Published: April 2016

The crystal structure and the chemical composition of a paravauxite from the Siglo Veinte Mine, Llallagua, Bustillo Province, Potosi Department, Bolivia [Fe(Fe0.9162+Mn0.0162+Mg0.064Ca0.002)∑0.998Al(1)Al(2)Al2.005P(P1.998Si0.002)∑2O8(OH)2·8H2O, a = 5.242(1) Å, b = 10.569(2) Å, c = 6.970(2) Å, α = 106.78(3)°, β = 110.81(2)° and γ = 72.29(2)°, space group P], was investigated by single-crystal neutron diffraction and electron microprobe analysis in wavelength-dispersive mode. Neutron-intensity data were collected at 293 K and anisotropic structure refinement was performed. At the end of the refinement no peak larger than ±1.3 fm/Å3 was present in the final difference-Fourier map of the nuclear density. The final statistical index was R1 = 0.0495 for 194 refined parameters and 1678 unique reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo). Eleven independent H sites (i.e. H(1), H(2), H(3), H(4A), H(4B), H(5), H(6), H(7), H(8), H(9A) and H(9B)), all at ∼1 Å from the respective O sites, were located successfully. H(4A) and H(4B) and H(9A) and H(9B) are two mutually exclusive subsite couples only 0.4−0.6 Å apart. The complex H-bonding scheme in the paravauxite structure is now well defined and 12 independent H bonds, with an energetically favourable bonding configuration, are described. A comparison between the previous experimental findings based on Raman and infrared spectroscopy and those obtained in this present study is carried out. Paravauxite provides the rare opportunity to investigate the H-bond configuration of coexisting hydroxyl groups and H2O molecules in minerals by single-crystal neutron diffraction. H2O is present as zeolitic (i.e. lying in the cavities) and non-zeolitic H2O (i.e. bonded to Al or Fe to form Al or Fe octahedra).
Crystal-chemical study of wavellite from Zbirov, Czech Republic
Authors: Capitelli F. , Della Ventura G. , Bellatreccia F. , Sodo A. , Saviano M. , Ghiara M. R. , Rossi M.
Published: April 2016

The crystal chemistry of wavellite from Zbirov (Czech Republic), ideally Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)3·5H2O, was addressed by means of a multi-methodological approach based on electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) using wave-dispersive spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder and singlecrystal infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The EMPA data showed the presence of significant F replacing OH in the sample studied. The structure was solved in thePcmnorthorhombic space group, with the following unit-cell constants:a= 9.6422(7),b= 17.4146(15),c= 7.0094(2) Å,V= 1176.98(10) Å3. Phosphorus atoms display tetrahedral (PO4) coordination, while Al cations display octahedral coordination. The mineral framework can be viewed as the repetition of cationic arrays made up of AlO6polyhedra, bridged by PO4groups and further joined by O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The single-crystal unpolarized Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum shows combination bands indicating the presence of both OH and H2O in the structure. Both FTIR and Raman spectra show a broad absorption extending from 3600 to 2800 cm−1resulting from the overlapping of several components due to the water molecules and the OH group. The frequencies observed are comparable to those expected on the basis of the Libowitzky relationship for the range ofD–H⋯Abond systems in the structure.
Editorial: CD36: Russian roulette of host and parasites during malaria infection
Authors: Brugat Thibaut
Published: April 2016

Discussion on the role of CD36 in lung damage and MDM activation during malaria infection.
The Rise of Primary Care Physicians in the Provision of US Mental Health Care
Authors: Olfson Mark
Published: April 2016

Primary care physicians have assumed an increasingly important role in US outpatient mental health care. They are providing an increasing volume of outpatient mental health services, prescribing a growing number and variety of psychotropic medications, and treating patients with a broader array of mental health conditions. These trends, which run counter to a general trend toward specialization and subspecialization within US health care, place new strains on the clinical competencies of primary care physicians. They also underscore the importance of implementing more effective models of collaboration between primary care physicians and mental health specialists. Several elements of the Affordable Care Act provide options for financing and organizing the delivery of integrated general medical and behavioral services. Such integrated services have the potential to improve access and quality of outpatient mental health care for a range of psychiatric disorders. Because people with severe and persisting mental disorders commonly require a higher-level medical expertise than is readily available within primary care as well as a complex array of social services, separate specialized mental health will likely continue to play a vitally important role in caring for this population.
Stigma as an Unrecognized Determinant of Population Health: Research and Policy Implications
Authors: Link Bruce , Hatzenbuehler Mark L.
Published: April 2016

Stigma processes play an underrecognized role in the distribution of life chances, influencing health through the production of disadvantage and the induction of stress. Policies enact stigma processes, mitigate them, or ignore them. If each of these two statements is correct, the intersection of stigma and policy demands our attention. We propose a change of perspective from an approach that considers one stigmatized status and one outcome at a time to a perspective that considers the full range of stigmatized statuses and outcomes so as to reveal stigma's full impact. Concerning the second statement, literature addressing “structural stigma” provides compelling evidence that policy enacts stigma and harms health in some circumstances and mitigates stigma and improves health in others. In addition to the effects of active policies, we also bring attention to policy inattention—doing nothing. A core feature of stigma is a discounting—a mattering less—that allows and even fosters policy inattention toward the concerns of stigmatized groups. We end by engaging David Mechanic and Linda H. Aiken's ideas concerning how social science influences policy by changing how people think about problems and hope that our consideration of stigma and policy might ultimately have such a consequence.
Partisanship, Dysfunction, and Racial Fears: The New Normal in Health Care Policy?
Authors: Morone James A.
Published: April 2016

Partisan politics snarled both the passage and the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). This essay examines partisanship's effects on health policy and asks whether the ACA experience was an exception or the new political normal. Partisanship itself has been essential for American democracy, but American institutions were not designed to handle its current form—ideologically pure, racially sorted, closely matched parties playing by “Gingrich rules” before a partisan media. The new partisanship injects three far-reaching changes into national health policy: an unprecedented lack of closure, a decline in the traditional political arts of compromise and bargaining, and a failure to define and debate alternative health policies. We can get a better sense of how far partisanship reaches by turning to state health policies. The highly charged national debate has migrated into some of the states; others retain the traditional politics of compromise and problem solving. There are preliminary indications that the difference lies in the dynamics of race and ethnicity.
Diagnosis, treatment and management of epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Watkins Jean
Published: April 2016

Epidermis bullosa is a genetically inherited disease in which painful blistering of the skin or mucous membranes occurs after minor trauma. It is a lifelong problem. The diagnosis should be confirmed by a specialist, preferably at a specialist unit where a treatment plan and follow-up arrangements for professionals and families can be put in place. Nurses will be involved in frequent dressings of wounds, after extra analgesia, and may need to be alert to any need for further specialist referral, especially in the case of complications such as infection, deformities, gastrointestinal strictures and possible skin cancers. Genetic counselling should also be offered to families, especially when considering the possible risks to future pregnancies.
Proactive PICC placement: evaluating the patient experience
Authors: Harrold Karen , Martin Annette , Scarlett Clare
Published: April 2016

Aim: to evaluate patient experience following the proactive placement of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). Method: all patients with a PICC in situ who had attended the chemotherapy day unit over a period of 15 weeks were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire. Questions related to: information giving, the degree of pain on insertion and any complications experienced by the patient while the device was in situ. There was also space to allow for free-text comments after each question. Results: the majority of patients felt they received enough information and that the procedure was fully explained. Pain on insertion was largely reported as being minimal, with the few patients who did report the procedure as painful also reporting there being difficulty with the insertion. Complication rates were low, the main complication reported was mechanical owing to difficulty with blood withdrawal. Conclusion: irrespective of how uncomfortable the patient found the procedure, the majority of patients would recommend proactive PICC insertion to other patients as ‘it made the whole process much easier’.
What we can learn from… Living rooms
Authors: Chapman Ailsa
Published: April 2016

This month, we will delve further into where we live by exploring ‘living rooms’ past and present. There is so much for children to find out about and so many directions their interests can take learning.
Turn that frown around
Authors: Hammond Paula
Published: April 2016

Physical activity is intrinsically linked to healthy development in young children and what better way to encourage them to get moving then to link exercise to familiar stories and nursery rhymes.
The state of the National Health Service
Authors: Sanders David
Published: April 2016

Honesty and realism are required to meet the challenges ahead.
What if… We cured cancer?
Authors: Sayburn Anna
Published: April 2016

In the first of our new series exploring various hypothetical scenarios for healthcare, Anna Sayburn envisions a world without the 'Big C'.
How to choose a specialty
Authors: Dean Erin
Published: April 2016

It’s that time of year again. Erin Dean gathers some advice for trainees as they prepare to choose their area of specialty.
Potássio, cálcio e magnésio na micropropagação de plantas tropicais ornamentais
Authors: Coelho Viviane Amaral Toledo , Dias Gabrielen De Maria Gomes , Rodas Cleber Lázaro , Pasqual Moacir , Ferreira Mozart Martins , Silva Maria Ligia De Souza
Published: April 2016

Considering the increase in economical importance of species belong to Zingiberaceae family for floriculture and the advantages of techniques applied to micropropagation of these plants, it is necessary to carry out studies about growth of species in these conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro development of Etlingera elatior, Zingiber spectabile and Alpinia purpurata under different ratios of K, Ca and Mg. The treatments were based on MS medium with K: Mg ratios (mmol L-1) of: 22K:1Mg, 20K:3Mg, 16K:7Mg, 12K:11Mg, 8K:15Mg 4K:19Mg; K:Ca ratios (mmol L-1) of: 22K:4Ca, 20K:6Ca, 16K:10Ca, 12K:14Ca, 8K:16Ca and 4K:22Ca; with five replications, and two seedlings per pot. Explants used were obtained from in vitro rhizomes, kept in a room at a temperature of 25 ± 2°C under irradiance 52W m-2 s-1 and 16 hours photoperiod. After 80 days, seedlings were harvest and have the about number of leaves, height and length of root measured. After, seedlings were separated in shoots and roots, dried and carried out chemical analysis of plant tissue. It is possible to improve the Zingiberaceae plants growth during the micropropagation, changing the concentrations of original formulation MS medium. For K are recommended concentrations of 22 mmol L-1 to Etlingera elatior and Zingiber spectabile cultivation and 16 mmol L-1 for Alpinia purpurata. For Ca, we recommend the concentrations of 4 mmol L-1 for Etlingera elatior and Zingiber spectabile and from 8 to 10 mmol L-1 for Alpinia purpurata. A higher concentration of Mg for in vitro cultivation Etlingera elatior is required. For Zingiber spectabile and Alpinia purpurata it was recommended the proposed merger among MS original concentration of 3 mmol L-1 of this macronutrient.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Fast – Fired Clinker Tiles Based on Wierzbka I Raw Material
Authors: Gajek M. , Rapacz-Kmita A. , Dudek M. , Partyka J.
Published: April 2016

The article presents results of research on microstructural and mechanical properties of floor tiles clinker manufactured on the basis of Wierzbka I raw material, which is part of the deposit Wierzbka, near Suchedniów. Wierzbka I clay was added in various volume fractions to the standard tile compositions used in industrial practice. The samples were pressed in a range of from 21 MPa to 42 MPa and fired in the laboratory furnace at 1130°C to 1190°C. Selected compositions were pressed at 28 MPa and fired in a standard industrial environment. The process of firing was conducted in an industrial kiln at temperature of 1160°C for 38 minutes, with holding for 4 minutes at maximum operating temperature. The samples, which were prepared in the laboratory and industrial conditions were evaluated for the effect of addition of the Wierzbka I clay on their microstructural and mechanical properties based on the measurement results of linear shrinkage, bulk density, open porosity, water absorption and flexural strength (Ϭ) of the tiles. Microstructural changes were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results revealed that the tested tiles were characterized by a high degree of sintering, an apparent density of 2.5 g/cm3, an open porosity and water absorption below 0.5%. The measurement results of mechanical bending strength showed that the tested samples had a high strength of 50 MPa.
Genetic Analysis of Basic and Composite Reproduction Traits in Guilan Sheep
Authors: Eteqadi Bahareh , Hossein-Zadeh Navid Ghavi , Shadparvar Abdol Ahad
Published: April 2016

The objective of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters for reproductive traits in Guilan sheep. Data were comprised of 14,534 records of lambs from 136 sires and 2,021 dams which were collected during 1994 to 2011 by the Agriculture Organization of Guilan Province in the north of Iran. The basic reproductive traits were litter size at birth (LSB), litter size at weaning (LSW), litter mean weight per lamb born (LMWLB), and litter mean weight per lamb weaned (LMWLW). The composite reproductive traits were total litter weight at birth per ewe lambing (TLWB) and total litter weight at weaning per ewe lambing (TLWW). The general linear model procedure of SAS was used for determining the fixed effects which had significant effect on the traits under study. The flock-year-season of lambing had significant effect on studied traits (P<0.01). The genetic parameters were estimated with repeatability animal model using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedure of the Wombat program. Direct heritability estimates were 0.00, 0.00, 0.01, 0.01, and 0.03 for LSB, LSW, LMWLW, TLWB, and TLWW, respectively, and corresponding repeatabilities were 0.2, 0.00006, 0.01, 0.972 and 0.034, respectively. Genetic correlation estimates between traits ranged from -0.99 for LSB-LSW to 0.99 for LMWLW-TLWW. Phenotypic correlations ranged from -0.09 for LSB-TLWB to 0.98 for LMWLW-TLWW and environmental correlations ranged from -0.03 for LSW-TLWW to 0.98 for LMWLW-TLWW. The results showed that strong positive genetic correlations of LMWLB and LMWLW with other traits may improve meat production efficiency in Guilan sheep. The low estimates of heritability and repeatability obtained for ewe productivity traits indicate that selection based on the ewe’s own performance may result in slow genetic improvement.
The Effect of Low and High Cowshed Temperatures on the Behaviour and Milk Performance of Czech Fleckvieh Cows
Authors: Večeřa Milan , Falta Daniel , Filipčík Radek , Chládek Gustav , Lategan Francois
Published: April 2016

A group of 98 Czech Fleckvieh cows (one section) was observed over the period of one year with the aim to determine the variation in their milk performance and behaviour at different cowshed temperatures. Behaviour and milk yield were recorded once a week (on the same day) at 10:00. Periods of 8 weeks with the highest temperature (hot period - H) and of 8 weeks with the lowest temperature (cold period - L) were then compared. The cows were housed in one section (1/4 of the total capacity) of the free-stall cubicle shed and where the cubicles were distributed into three rows. Row A (32 cubicles) was close to the feeding plateau, row B (33 cubicles) was in the centre and row C (38 cubicles) was peripheral, close to the side wall. The cowshed temperature was monitored on a daily basis and the mean temperature was 23.2°C in the hot period and -1.7°C in the cold period, relative humidity 60.2% (H) and 74.6% (L), and THI 69.4 (H) and 33.4 (L). The behaviour of the cows was recorded 1568 times, showing them mostly lying down (1037) or standing (531). The cows tended to prefer lying down on their left sides (594 observations) as opposed to their right sides (443). Row A was favoured by the cows (418) and row B was the least popular (377). The cows produced significantly more milk in H period than in L period (0.3 kg per day). The cows lying down were older (3.18 lactations) than the standing cows (2.99 lactations) and they tended to produce more milk per day (by 0.6 kg) but the difference was found to be insignificant. The cows lying resting on their left side produced more milk per day (0.9 kg) and were older (0.02 lactations). The cows in row C were the youngest (2.94 lactations) and the cows in row B were in the last days in milk (144.1 days).
Performance and Phosphorus Utilization of Broiler Chickens Fed Low Phytate Barley and Pea Based Diets with Graded Levels of Inorganic Phosphorus
Authors: Kahindi Roseline Kafedha , Thacker Philip A. , Lee Sang In , Kim In Ho , Nyachoti Charles Martin
Published: April 2016

The effects of feeding diets based on soybean meal, low phytate hulless barley (Lphybarley) and low phytate pea (Lphypea) with inorganic phosphorus (iP) reduced by 50 or 100% to broiler chickens on performance, P digestibility and bone characteristics were investigated. Two hundred and ten day-old (Ross 308 strain) broiler chicks (5 birds per cage; 6 cages per diet) were randomly allocated to 7 dietary treatments for a 21-day study. Diets were formulated based on soybean meal-normal phytate hulless barley (SBM-normbarley) with added inorganic P (iP) to meet NRC (1994) P requirements (SBM-normbarley100) or with 50% less iP (SBM-normbarley50), soybean meal-Lphybarley-Lphypea with added iP (Lphybarley-Lphypea100) or iP reduced by 50% (Lphybarley-Lphypea50) or 100% (Lphybarley-Lphypea0), and soybean meal-normbarleynormal phytate pea (normpea) with added iP (normbarley-normpea100) or iP reduced by 50% (normbarley-normpea50). Birds fed the Lphybarley-Lphypea0 diet had the lowest (P<0.001) ADG compared with those fed the other diets. Reducing iP by 50% led to a reduction (P<0.05) in ADG for birds fed the SBM-normbarley- and normbarley-normpea-based diets but not in the Lphybarley- Lphypea-based diet. Reducing iP by 50% led to a reduction (P<0.05) in ADFI in birds fed the SBM-normbarley-based diet and normbarley-normpea-based diet compared with those fed adequate iP. Feed conversion ratio was not affected by diet throughout the experimental period (P>0.10). Reducing iP content reduced P retention in the SBM-normbarley-based diet but not in the normbarley-normpea-based diet but tibia ash and length were reduced in birds fed both diets (P<0.05). Reducing dietary iP content linearly increased (P < 0.05) P retention and linearly decreased (P<0.05) tibia ash and length in the Lphypea-Lphybarley-based diets. In conclusion, feeding a low phytate hulless barley-low phytate pea based diet with iP reduced by 50% supported similar performance as control and increased P retention, suggesting that utilizing a combination of low phytate ingredients can reduce the need for supplemental iP with significant cost and environmental implication.
Overview of Turkey Semen Storage: Focus on Cryopreservation – A Review
Authors: Iaffaldano Nicolaia , Di Iorio Michele , Cerolini Silvia , Manchisi Angelo
Published: April 2016

This review updates the current state of technologies available for turkey semen storage (hypothermic- liquid storage and cryopreservation), with special attention paid to cryopreservation. Liquid semen can be stored for up to 24 or 48 h at temperatures around 5°C, while cryopreservation allows long-term storage at -196°C. The possibility of using frozen turkey semen for artificial insemination (AI) would have practical benefits for turkey production. Reported fertility rates in response to AI using frozen/thawed semen range from 15.8 to 84.3%. Unsatisfactory fertility may be attributed to an inability of turkey spermatozoa to successfully survive the freezing/thawing process, and this, along with the high variability observed, makes this technique unacceptable for commercial breeding programs. There is therefore a need to standardize the whole freezing and thawing process to improve the post-thaw quality of turkey semen and minimize variability in results. Finding an efficient freezing protocol for turkey semen will allow for the creation of a sperm cryobank, improving current prospects for the commercial use of frozen turkey semen and also for the long-term conservation of the genetic diversity of this bird.
Association between the catechol-o-methyltransferase val158met polymorphism with susceptibility and severity of carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Erkol İnal E , Eroğlu P , Görükmez O , Özemri Sağ Ş , Yakut T
Published: April 2016

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy of the upper extremity. In this study, we aimed to clarify the relationships between the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene Val158Met (rs4680) polymorphism and development, functional and clinical status of CTS. Ninety-five women with electro diagnostically confirmed CTS and 95 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The functional and clinical status of the patients was measured by the Turkish version of the Boston Questionnaire and intensity of pain related to the past 2 weeks was evaluated on a visual analog scale (VAS). The Val158Met polymorphism was determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), method. We divided patients according to the genotypes of the Val158Met polymorphism as Val/Val, Val/Met and Met/Met. There were not any significant differences in terms of Val158Met polymorphisms between patients and healthy controls (p >0.05). We also did not find any relationships between the Val158Met polymorphism and CTS (p >0.05). In conclusion, although we did not find any relationships between CTS and the Val158Met polymorphism, we could not generalize this result to the general population. Future studies are warranted to conclude precise associations.
A case with Emanuel syndrome: extra derivative 22 chromosome inherited from the mother
Authors: İkbal Atli E , Gürkan H , Vatansever Ü , Ulusal S , Tozkir H
Published: April 2016

Emanuel syndrome (ES) is a rare chromosomal disorder that is characterized by multiple congenital anomalies and developmental disabilities. Affected children are usually identified in the newborn period as the offspring of balanced (11;22) translocation carriers. Carriers of this balanced translocation usually have no clinical symptoms and are often identified after the birth of offspring with an unbalanced form of the translocation, the supernumerary der(22) t(11;22) syndrome. We report a 3-year-old boy with the t(11;22)(q23;q11) chromosome, transmitted in an unbalanced fashion from his mother. He has several developmental delays; he is not independently ambulatory and language is significantly impaired. Using his peripheral blood, karyotyping was performed to define his multiple congenital anomalies, revealing the following chromosomal abnormality: 47, XY, +der(22)t(11;22)(q23.3;q11.2). To ascertain the origin and trait of this supernumerary marker chromosome [der(22)t(11;22)(q23.3;q11.2)], karyotyping of his parents was performed. The mother was found to be a balanced carrier: 46, XX, t(11;22) (q23.3; q11.2).
The Possibilities of Treatment of Stormwater Polluted with Biofuels in The Lamella Oil Separator / Możliwości Oczyszczania w Separatorze Lamelowym Ścieków Opadowych Zanieczyszczonych Biopaliwami
Authors: Bering Sławomira , Iżewska Anna , Mazur Jacek , Tarnowski Krzysztof , Treichel Piotr
Published: April 2016

Laboratory tests were conducted simulating the process of polluting stormwater with fuels and afterwards treating this sewage in the separator of oil derivative substances. The diesel oil - ON and the pure biofuel - BIO 100, available on the market, were the subject of the tests. Depending on the kind of fuel, the differences in the concentration of oil derivative substances in the “treated” sewage were in the range of several hundred percent. Such big differences show the necessity for examination whether the assumptions accepted while designing separators will also be correct in the case of treating stormwater polluted with contemporary fuels available on the market, includuing biofuels.
Reinforcement of Existing Cast-Iron Structural Elements by Means of Fiber Reinforced Composites / Wzmacnianie Istniejących, Żeliwnych Elementów Konstrukcyjnych za Pomocą Włóknokompozytów
Authors: Marcinowski Jakub , Różycki Zbigniew
Published: April 2016

The paperdeals with tubular, cast-iron columns which should be reinforced due to the planned new structural function of these elements. According to the requirements of the monument conservator the general appearance of columns should not be altered significantly. Reinforcement with an external, thin coating (sleeve or jacket) made of composite (carbon fibre reinforced polymer - CFRP) was proposed. Details of the proposedtechniquewerepresented. The reinforcementeffect was verifiedin destructivetestsperformed on two columns without reinforcement and the two other columns reinforced with the chosentechnique. Due to the expected very high load capacity of the axially loaded column, the test rig was designed in such a manner that the force could be applied on big eccentricity. For this purpose a specialbase was prepared(comp. Fig. 1). Destructivetests have confirmed the high effectiveness of the adopted strengthening technique.
Examination of Deteriogenic Biofilms on Building Facades with Scanning Electron Microscopy / Badanie Deteriogennych Nalotów Biologicznych Na Elewacjach Budynków Metodą Elektronowej Mikroskopii Skaningowej
Authors: Piontek Marlena , Lechów Hanna , Paradowska Ewa , Nycz Marta
Published: April 2016

Destruction of facades is a complex process in which technical material changes its properties, and which is caused by depositing biological agents. The examination of biofilms from building facades is difficult because sampling for tests may result in the damage to the structure of the facade’s material. Also biological analysis of the material obtained from a biofilm is arduous. Some species of microorganisms are impossible to be isolated and their pure cultures cannot be cultivated in laboratory conditions. It is multispecies cultures that most frequently develop on the surfaces of the facade’s technical material. Clustered in a group, they cooperate with each other and reveal different features than single cells. It is essential to identify organisms present in the biofilms, since they may initiate deterioration processes. The aim of the research was the observation of the biofilm, collected from two facades, in a micrometer scale with the use of a scanning electron microscope.
Problems of Collisions Between Adjacent Steel Structures under Earthquake Excitation / Problemy Zderzeń Pomiędzy Sąsiadującymi Konstrukcjami Stalowymi Poddanymi Obciążeniom Sejsmicznym
Authors: Sołtysik Barbara , Jankowski Robert
Published: April 2016

Nowadays, the high level of urbanization forces the engineers to design closelyseparated structures and to take into account many factors influencing their response, including collisions between them due to insufficient separation distance during moderate to strong ground motions. Recent observations as well as experimental and numerical investigations have confirmed that interactions between structures may lead to significant damage of structural elements and even to its total collapse. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of collisions between three insufficiently separated models of steel structures on structural response under earthquake excitation. The experimental tests as well as numerical analyses have been conducted in the study.
The utilisation of fly ash in CO2 mineral carbonation
Authors: Jaschik Jolanta , Jaschik Manfred , Warmuziński Krzysztof
Published: April 2016

The fixation of CO2 in the form of inorganic carbonates, also known as mineral carbonation, is an interesting option for the removal of carbon dioxide from various gas streams. The captured CO2 is reacted with metal-oxide bearing materials, usually naturally occurring minerals. The alkaline industrial waste, such as fly ash can also be considered as a source of calcium or magnesium. In the present study the solubility of fly ash from conventional pulverised hard coal fired boilers, with and without desulphurisation products, and fly ash from lignite fluidised bed combustion, generated by Polish power stations was analysed. The principal objective was to assess the potential of fly ash used as a reactant in the process of mineral carbonation. Experiments were done in a 1 dm3 reactor equipped with a heating jacket and a stirrer. The rate of dissolution in water and in acid solutions was measured at various temperatures (20 - 80ºC), waste-to-solvent ratios (1:100 - 1:4) and stirrer speeds (300 - 1100 min-1). Results clearly show that fluidised lignite fly ash has the highest potential for carbonation due to its high content of free CaO and fast kinetics of dissolution, and can be employed in mineral carbonation of CO2.
The influence of selected ionic liquids on activity of chitin deacetylase
Authors: Aspras Izabela , Kamińska Małgorzata , Karzyński Kamil , Kawka Mateusz , Jaworska Małgorzata M.
Published: April 2016

Chitin deacetylase is the only known enzyme which is able to deacetylate N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units in chitin or chitosan chains. As chitin can hardly be dissolved in organic/inorganic solvents, new solvents are still searched. Ionic liquids are promising for that application and for homophase enzymatic deacetylation. The aim of the work was to investigate the influence of selected ionic liquids on activity of chitin deacetylase.

It has been shown that [Amim] ionic liquids increase the activity of chitin deacetylase. The highest activity was observed for [Amim][Cl]. Ionic liquids with shorter (ethyl (C2)) and longer side chain (buthyl (C4)) only insignificantly influenced the activity of the enzyme. All tested ionic liquids with [Br] anion increased the activity of chitin deacetylase while the [Emim] and [Bmim] cation in combination with [Cl] anion inhibited the activity of the enzyme.
Investigations of carbon dioxide absorption into aqueous potassium carbonate solutions containing primary and secondary alkanolamines
Authors: Bińczak Grzegorz , Moniuk Władysław , Mordecka Zofia , Możeński Cezary
Published: April 2016

In the paper the results of measurements of CO2 absorption rate in aqueous potassium carbonate solutions containing cyclohexylamine, diethanolamine, 2-methylaminoethanol and triethylenetetramine as activators have been presented. Enhnancement mass transfer factors as well as reaction rate constants have been determined. Results show that among the tested activators triethylenetetramine and 2-methyl-aminoethanol may be used (instead of diethanolamine) as new promotors in a modified BENFLIELD process.
Preaching to the converted? How political comedy matters
Authors: Quirk Sophie
Published: April 2016

Practitioners, audiences and critics are often dismissive of political comedy’s impact. It is argued that audiences only attend political performances if they already agree with the performer; further, that audiences will not laugh at ideas that they find too subversive. As laughter depends upon consensus and success depends upon laughter, the comedian merely preaches to the converted. This article challenges these assumptions by examining the diverse strategies of two political comedians: Mark Thomas and Stewart Lee. Through analysis of performance, and their methodology and intent as related in practitioner interviews, I demonstrate that the nature of consensus in political comedy is more complex than has generally been supposed. Far from being a sign of comedy’s impuissance, consensus is used as a tool to enhance and develop political engagement. I suggest that in order to discover whether political comedy matters, we must first broaden our understanding of how it matters.
Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, XCI. N,N′,N″-Peralkylierte Guanidiniumsalze – Ionische Flüssigkeiten als Hilfsmittel in der Elektronenmikroskopie
Authors: Knobloch Georg , Saur Stefan , Gentner Anja Rebecca , Tussetschläger Stefan , Stein Thorsten , Hader Berthold , Kantlehner Willi
Published: April 2016

Polymeric organic materials, e.g. cellulose fibres or nylon 6 (perlon), as well as inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics, can be coated with liquid or solid guanidinium salts. The coated materials can be inspected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The contrast and brightness of the pictures depend on the heaviest atom present in the anions. The best brightness and contrast were obtained with N,N′,N″-peralkylated guanidinium tetraiodidobismutates(III), which were prepared for the first time together with other guanidinium chloridometallates (Sb, Pb, Bi). Biological samples (cell cultures) can also be investigated by SEM with the aid of the guanidinium tetrachloridobismutate 4b after simple sample preparation.
GESTIÓN, INVESTIGACIÓN Y NARRATIVA: INVESTIGAR ES UN JUEGO
Authors: Rozo Omar Parra
Published: April 2016

Este artículo hace parte del proyecto investigativo institucional PROIN, del que se han realizado los siguientes productos: Gestión, investigación y narrativa. La gestión es cosa de niños y la investigación es cuento de hadas.

Los procesos investigativos se estructuran de manera similar a la construcción y manifestación de los relatos, y constituyen una expresión de la cultura, de la historia. La investigación se fusiona con el juego y adquiere sus múltiples acepciones y variadas interpretaciones; así puede inclinarse fácilmente hacia un camino investigativo donde se encuentran presentes, por lo menos: el azar, la duda, la incertidumbre, la observación,

el registro, el riesgo, el análisis, la fortuna, el placer, el investigador, el equipo, las  probabilidades, la búsqueda, el encuentro, los juguetes, el jugador y el juego. Se sabe a ciencia cierta que, en el juego, prima el impulso de la búsqueda del querer encontrar algo, un deseo que hace que el camino se abra o se construya, que la creatividad se agudice, que el jugador se involucre y se introduzca en un territorio .inhóspito, muchas veces. a través de un sendero para el cual nunca se está lo suficientemente preparado. Desde esta perspectiva se puede visualizar que la investigación y sus múltiples acepciones se reducen a un

juego del conocimiento y su aplicación.
Estructura, antiestructura y sistema-mundo en una comunidad alternativa. El caso de los “jipi-koguis” en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
Authors: Sarrazin Jean Paul
Published: April 2016

Utilizando los conceptos de estructura, antiestructura, liminalidad y sistema-mundo, este ensayo analiza algunas representaciones a propósito de los “jipi-koguis”, nombre que le ha sido atribuido a una comunidad hippie en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia), fundada a principios de la década de los setenta cerca de un asentamiento indígena kogui. Este tipo de grupos se plantean como proyectos “por fuera de la estructura”, “antisistémicos”, “alternativos”, lo cual es sometido acá a un análisis crítico, ya que los sujetos que hacen parte de estos grupos pueden ser claramente identificados a través de roles y posiciones dentro de una estructura social. Por otro lado, en su búsqueda de cambios y admiración por una cierta diferencia, este tipo de proyectos pretenden inspirarse en “otras culturas” ―en este caso la indígena―, presuponiendo equivocadamente que estas están radicalmente separadas del sistema moderno occidental. Se demuestra además que los discursos e intencionalidades de los sujetos que buscan salirse del sistema occidental y capitalista no pueden entenderse por fuera de ese mismo sistema. Finalmente, argumentamos que este tipo de comunidades, aunque dicen oponerse a la estructura social, tienden a estructurarse ellas mismas a medida que pasa el tiempo, generalmente por razones económicas y políticas.
Robust Brown-Forsythe and Robust Modified Brown-Forsythe ANOVA Tests Under Heteroscedasticity for Contaminated Weibull Distribution
Authors: Karagöz Derya , Saraçbasi Tülay
Published: April 2016

In this study, robust Brown-Forsythe and robust Modified Brown-Forsythe ANOVA tests are proposed to take into consideration heteroscedastic and non-normality data sets with outliers. The non-normal data is assumed to be a two parameters Weibull distribution. Robust proposed tests are obtained by using robust mean and variance estimators based on median=MAD and median=Qn methods instead of maximum likelihood. The behaviors of the robust proposed and classical ANOVA tests are examined by simulation study. The results shows that the proposed robust tests have good performance especially in the presence of heteroscedasticity and contamination.
Proportional Hazard Birnbaum-Saunders Distribution With Application to the Survival Data Analysis
Authors: Moreno Arenas Germán , Martínez Flórez Guillermo , Barrera Causil Carlos
Published: April 2016

Birnbaum Saunders (1969b) used a probability distribution to explain the lifetime data and stress produced in materials. Based on this distribution, we propose a generalization of the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution, referred to as the proportional hazard Birnbaum-Saunders distribution, which includes a new parameter that provides more flexibility in terms of skewness and kurtosis than existing models. We derive the main properties of the model. We discuss maximum likelihood estimation of the model parameters. As a natural step, we define the log-linear proportional hazard Birnbaum-Saunders regression model. An empirical application to a real data set is presented in order to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed model. The results showed that the proportional hazard Birnbaum-Saunders model can be used quite effectively in analyzing survival data, reliability problems and fatigue life studies.
Prevalencia de Trastornos de Sueño en Relación con Factores Sociodemográficos y Depresión en Adultos Mayores de Monterrey, México
Authors: Téllez Arnoldo , Juárez-García Dehisy Marisol , Jaime-Bernal Leticia , García-Cadena Cirilo Humberto
Published: April 2016

La prevalencia de síntomas de trastornos, calidad de sueño y depresión se evaluó en 313 adultos mayores en la ciudad de Monterrey, México con el Cuestionario de Trastornos de Sueño Monterrey, el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh y la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica de Yesavage. Los resultados indicaron que los adultos mayores presentaron 50% ronquido, 24% piernas inquietas e insomnio, 44.1% mala calidad de sueño, y 62% síntomas de depresión. Los trastornos de sueño son los que más afectan la calidad de sueño en esta población, por lo que es importante la detección y tratamiento de estos trastornos en los adultos mayores.
Afectaciones Psicológicas, Estrategias de Afrontamiento y Niveles de Resiliencia de Adultos Expuestos al Conflicto Armado en Colombia
Authors: Hewitt Ramírez Nohelia , Juárez Fernando , Parada Baños Arturo José , Guerrero Luzardo Jeannie , Romero Chávez Yineth Marcela , Salgado Castilla Andrea Melissa , Vargas Amaya Martha Vianeth
Published: April 2016

Se determinaron las afectaciones psicológicas, estrategias de afrontamiento y niveles de resiliencia de 677 adultos expuestos al conflicto armado en un municipio colombiano. Los participantes del estudio fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio por afijación proporcional. Se aplicaron el cuestionario de síntomas, prueba de estrés postraumático y escalas de estrategias de afrontamiento y resiliencia. Las principales afectaciones psicológicas encontradas son el sentimiento de que alguien trata de hacerle daño, consumo de alcohol, alteraciones del estado de ánimo y síntomas de estrés postraumático. Las estrategias de afrontamiento más empleadas son la religión y esperar que las cosas se arreglen solas. El nivel de resiliencia es moderado. La percepción de salud es baja y la necesidad de atención es alta.
Los Jóvenes que Viven en Barrios Populares Producen más Cultura que Violencia
Authors: Cuenca James
Published: April 2016

Este escrito analiza la situación en la que viven los jóvenes de los barrios populares al estar enfrentados a un fuerte estigma social que los reduce a delincuentes, drogadictos y violentos. Retomando la categoría de barrio popular, se critica esta posición y, a cambio, se propone una interpretación en la que se destaca la productividad cultural que tienen los jóvenes que viven en estos barrios. Se toma como caso a los raperos que viven en la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Así, en el documento se puede constatar que, con el rap y el hip hop, los jóvenes afirman positivamente sus identidades y sus orígenes sociales como habitantes del barrio popular.
Autopercepción de Saberes y Prácticas sobre Educación y Desplazamiento Forzado en Docentes de Cali, Colombia
Authors: Duque Vargas Neil Humberto , Lasso Toro Patricia
Published: April 2016

Se exploraron las percepciones que tienen 300 docentes de la ciudad de Cali, acerca de los saberes y prácticas para la atención de población en situación de desplazamiento en contexto escolar. El estudio fue exploratorio descriptivo, vinculó investigación documental y el diseño, aplicación y análisis de una encuesta cualitativa (Jansen, 2012). En Colombia, desde 1995, inicia la regulación de marcos normativos y orientaciones para la atención de población en situación de desplazamiento; sin embargo, el estudio muestra que estas orientaciones aún no han sido de cobertura suficiente para impactar lo que los docentes requieren conocer y hacer al respecto. Desde la psicología política se invita a fomentar procesos de formación continua docente, que permitan mejorar la atención a las poblaciones en el ámbito educativo.
Influencia de diferentes factores en el crecimiento de bacterias endófitas de caña de azúcar
Authors: González Rodríguez Lester , Mayra Heydrich , Rodríguez Cheang Anar Janet , Rojas Badía Marcia M.
Published: April 2016

Título en ingles: Influence of different factors in the growth of endophytic bacteria of sugarcane

En Cuba, entre los esfuerzos por lograr la sostenibilidad en la agricultura se han empleado biopreparados a gran escala, los cuales han tenido un gran impacto económico, ecológico y social. La caña de azúcar constituye uno de los principales cultivos agrícolas para nuestro país y tiene gran importancia desde los puntos de vista económico y ecológico a nivel mundial. En el presente trabajo se demostró el efecto de diferentes fuentes de carbono y nitrógeno en el crecimiento de 5 cepas endófitas de caña de azúcar, 3 de Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, una de Bacillus licheniformis y una de Enterobacter agglomerans. De igual forma, se estudió la influencia de jugos provenientes de cinco variedades, así como diferentes concentraciones de las fitohormonas ácido 3 indolacético (AIA) y ácido giberélico (GA) en el crecimiento. Se demostró que la asparagina y el sulfato de amonio como fuentes de nitrógeno adicionadas al medio LGI posibilitan un mayor crecimiento de las bacterias endófitas estudiadas. El medio LGI suplementado con jugo de caña de azúcar favorece significativamente (p≤0,05) el crecimiento de los microorganismos endófitos y no existe relación directa entre el origen varietal del jugo y de las cepas. Por otra parte las fitohormonas en bajas concentraciones favorecieron el crecimiento, no ocurriendo así cuando se encuentran a elevadas concentraciones en el medio de cultivo. Es necesario estudiar todos los factores que pueden influir en la interacción entre la planta y los endófitos para poder utilizar sus potencialidades como promotores del crecimiento vegetal.