bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OKUL YÖNETİCİLERİNİN LİDERLİK STİLLERİ İLE ÖĞRETMENLERİN ÖRGÜTSEL BAĞLILIK VE ÖRGÜTSEL GÜVEN DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Özkul Ramazan , Doğan Ümit , Abdurrezzak Seyfettin , Yıldızbaş Yalçın Varol
Published: January 2022

Bu araştırma okul yöneticilerinin liderlik stillerinin öğretmenlerin örgütsel bağlılık ve örgütsel güven düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin görüşlerinin cinsiyet, medeni durum ve mesleki kıdem değişkenleri açısından anlamlı farklılık gösterip göstermediği belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda araştırma modeli olarak ilişkisel tarama modeli tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini Malatya ilinde görev yapan öğretmenler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi ise evrenden basit seçkisiz örneklem yöntemi kullanılarak toplam 351 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplamak için Okul Müdürleri Liderlik Stilleri, Öğretmenler için Örgütsel Bağlılık Ölçeği ve Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Güven Algıları Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Toplanan veriler üzerinden betimsel istatistikler yapılmıştır. Öğretmen algılarının toplandığı bu çalışmada; dönüşümcü liderlik uygulamaları, serbest bırakıcı liderlik uygulamaları ve sürdürümcü liderlik uygulamalarının orta düzeyde sergiledikleri, öğretmenlerin okula bağlılık algı düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu, öğretmenlerin meslektaşlara güven algı düzeyinin oldukça yüksek, öğrenci ve velilere güven algı düzeyi ile okul müdürüne güven algı düzeyinin ise orta düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada okul yöneticilerinin dönüşümcü liderlik stilleri ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel bağlılık düzeylerinin pozitif yönde ve orta düzeyde olduğu, okul yöneticilerinin serbest bırakıcı ve sürdürümcü liderlik stilleri ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel bağlılığının ise pozitif yönlü ve düşük düzeyde ilişkili olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları göz önüne alındığında okul yöneticilerinin yaşanılan değişimlere liderlik etmeleri ile destekleyici davranış ve uygulamaları öğretmenlerin okula güven duyma düzeyini ve bağlılıklarını artırabilir. Bunu yanında okul yöneticilerinin meslektaşlar arası güveni artırmaya ilişkin davranış ve uygulamaları da öğretmenlerin bağlılığını önemli düzeyde artırabilir. Okul yöneticilerinin meslektaşlar arası işbirliğini destekleyen uygulamaları öğretmenler arası güvenin olmasında etkili olabilir.
SAĞLIK YÖNETİCİLERİNİN GİRİŞİMCİ KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN HASTANELERİN KURUMSAL PERFORMANSI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: Yalman Fuat , Eraslan İsmail Hakkı
Published: January 2022

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, hastane yöneticilerinin girişimci kişilik özelliklerinin, hastanelerin kurumsal performansı üzerindeki etkisini tespit etmektir. Araştırmanın evrenini İstanbul ilinde faaliyet gösteren özel hastanelerin sahipleri, üst kademe yöneticileri ve orta kademe yöneticileri oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yönteminin kullanılmıştır. Veriler yüz yüze anket tekniği ile 430 kişiden toplanmıştır. Araştırmada kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS ve AMOS paket programları kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerine betimleyici istatistikler, keşfedici faktör analizi, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve yol analizi teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri ile elde edilen bulgular, modelin geçerliliğinin sağlandığını göstermiştir. Açıklayıcı faktör analizi ile ortaya konulan yapı geçerliliği, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile sağlanmıştır. Geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğin sağlanması, yöneticilerin girişimci kişilik özelliklerinin, hastanelerin kurumsal performansına etkisindeki yapısal ilişkinin varlığını göstermektedir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve yol analizi sonuçlarına göre yöneticilerin girişimci kişilik özelliklerinin, hastanelerin kurumsal performansı üzerinde istatistiksel olarak ve anlamlı yönde bir etkisinin olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu araştırmanın sağlık sektöründe yeni girişimcilerin artmasına ve girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin teşvik edilmesine zemin oluşturması bakımından literatüre ve uygulamaya katkı sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir.
ÇEVRİMİÇİ DÜNYADA YÜKSELEN BİR TREND: DİSPLAY (GÖRÜNTÜLÜ) REKLAMLAR
Authors: Kaya Ramazan , Bayat Murat
Published: January 2022

Bilgi teknolojisinde yaşanan gelişmeler tüketicilerin bilgi kaynaklarının ve işletmelerin iş yapma biçimlerinin hızlı bir şekilde dönüşmesine neden olmuştur. İnternet ve teknolojik araç kullanımının yaygınlaşması işletmeleri dijital pazarlama kanallarını kullanarak tüketicilere ulaşmaya yönlendirmiştir. Dijital pazarlamada yükselen bir trend olarak görüntülü reklamlar düşük maliyetler, reklamların etkisini ölçme, geliştirilmiş marka bilinirliği ve artan satışlar aracılığıyla işletmelere önemli fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, dijital reklamcılık alanında yetersiz internet erişimi, güvenlik ve kötü niyetli kullanıcılardan kaynaklı bir takım önemli zorluklar vardır. Çalışmayla, hızla büyüyen dijital reklam türlerinden biri olan görüntülü reklamcılık literatürünü hakkında ayrıntılı bilgiler (türleri, ekosistemi, avantajları ve dezavantajları) sunulmaktadır. Konu ile ilgili Türkçe literatürde henüz kapsamlı bir çalışmanın olmaması çalışmayı önemli kılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın özgün bir nitelik taşıması sebebiyle literatüre katkı sağlanması ve yeni çalışmalara ilham kaynağı olması açısından önem arz ettiği düşünülmektedir. Son olarak, çalışmada yeni araştırma alanları için öneriler sunulmuştur.
Risks of Multi-Cloud Environment: Micro Services Based Architecture and Potential Challenges
Authors: Chimakurthi Venkata Naga Satya Surendra
Published: January 2022

Over the most recent couple of years, a modified programming engineering style has been created to plan new programming applications. This engineering style is especially appropriate for use cases in the avionic business, from an autonomously deployable programming administration. These administrations are worked around business and mission capacities and are freely deployable by completely computerized apparatus. With microservices, a few sorts of uses become simpler to construct and keep up with when they are separated into more modest, composable pieces that cooperate. This is rather than a conventional, "solid" application that is completely evolved in one piece. This paper will talk about, a few parts of microservices-based engineering, including a few potential use cases for the aeronautic trade. The qualities of microservice-based engineering like componentization, association, endpoints, and informing systems. The specialized execution of microservices by auditing containerization, administrations correspondence, and related design parts. Explicit open-source tasks and parts that can be used to fabricate the microservices-based design. An example set of utilization cases.
Treatment of disseminated TB with drug induced hepatitis/case study
Authors: Groover Aran A , Huang Natalia A
Published: January 2022

Miliary Tuberculosis (TB) usually has an insidious clinical manifestation including fever, weight loss, night sweats, and little in the way of localizing symptoms or signs. There may be concurrent TB meningitis with associated symptoms. A 35-year old male has known case of pulmonary TB and HCV before three years ago. Presented to emergency department with Fever since 3-weeks ago, abdomen pain, headache since 10 days.
Epidemiology of surgically managed traumatic brain injury patients
Authors: Vaid Parul , Kapoor Bhavuk , Kapoor Mayank
Published: January 2022

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes a major health and socioeconomic problem throughout the world TBI is called the ‘silent epidemic’ because problems resulting from TBI are often not immediately visible and TBI patients are not very vociferous. Epidemiological studies of TBI are essential to the targeted prevention and effective treatment of brain-injured patients.

Epidemiology analysis of surgically managed traumatic brain injury patients was done.

Mean age was 35.9 years. Males were more commonly (80%) involved than females (20%). In 57.5% of cases, falls were responsible for TBI and in 42.5% of cases, Road traffic accidents were responsible. Edh was the most common type of TBI in (50%). Chronic SDH occurred in 25% of cases. Acute SDH and Contusions were both seen in 13.75% of cases. Depressed fractures occurred in 6.25% of cases and ICH occurred in 1.25% of cases. Craniotomy was the most common (42%) surgical procedure performed, followed by burrhole drainage (22.5%). Decompressive craniectomy was done in 18.75% of cases and elevation of depressed fracture was performed in 6.25% of cases.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes a major health and socioeconomic problem throughout the world. People of all ages are affected by it. Males are more commonly involved as compared to females. Timely hospitalisation and surgical management whenever indicated improves the survival.
Effect of tongue reconstruction following hemiglossectomy on articulation and speech intelligibility
Authors: Monish V , Jaya V , Rani R Johnsi
Published: January 2022

This study is aimed to investigate the articulatory functions of patients who have undergone tongue reconstruction following hemiglossectomy. The second aim of the study is to compare the speech intelligibility between hemiglossectomy patients who have undergone tongue reconstruction using pectoralis major myocutaneous with those hemiglossectomy patients who had undergone tongue reconstruction using radial forearm free flap.

Fourteen patients who have undergone tongue reconstruction following hemiglossectomy as a treatment for oral cancer between the age of 30 to 60 years were taken up for this study. Tamil Articulation Test was used for assessing the articulatory functions of patients. The speech intelligibility of each patient was assessed using the Ali Yavar Jung National Institute for the Hearing Handicapped intelligibility rating scale.

Analysis of articulatory errors revealed linguoalveolar consonants were more impaired when compared to other consonants. Patients with radial forearm free flap had somewhat better speech intelligibility compared to patients with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction.

The type of reconstruction also impacts the speech intelligibility. Effective intervention can be planned based on the comprehensive speech evaluation and analysis of articulatory error relative to place and manner of production.
The incidence of thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients – A study done at a tertiary care center in South India
Authors: Sam Sancy Mary , Stephen Sethu
Published: January 2022

It has been noted that in the Indian population the incidence of thyroid disorder is common and its incidence rises with advancing age. Screening for thyroid disorder is indicated for the certain high risk patients such as elderly and those already having other endocrinal disorders There are various studies that have shown a finding that a higher than normal prevalence of thyroid disorders in type 2 diabetic patients, of which hypothyroidism is the commonest disorder Owing to this we at the medical college at south India decided to evaluate the occurrence of thyroid dysfunction in patients who have been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and also to compare the level of thyroid dysfunction in the younger and the older population.

Department of surgery, medicine and Pharmacology at Al Azhar Medical College Thodupuzha, Kerala, India for a duration of 3 years on 300 patients. The present study was an observational study during the period of study, the test subjects patients having diabetes mellitus and healthy individuals (Controls)coming for regular health check-up with no co morbidities detected were included in this study as controls.

In the non -geriatric age group the mean age was 49.6 years SD + 8.15 years and in the geriatric age group the mean age was 68.78 years SD + 4.83 years. The commonest age group in the study was between the age of 61-70 years with of the study population. The age group in the present study ranged between the age of 30 years and 79 years.

The incidence of diabetes mellitus increased with age, but the control of sugars is better with age thyroid dysfunction was as follows 20% had hyperthyroidism (36%) hypothyroidism. There is a linear increase with the prevalence of thyroid disorders with age with a r= 0.77 and p < 0.05.

The incidence of thyroid dysfunction also increased with age As compared to the non -geriatric group which was the incidence higher in older age group p < 0.05.

This study reveals about at least one in three who have DM are suffering from thyroid dysfunction, that increases with increasing age and uncontrolled sugars in this part of the world, which might warrant routine screening.
Post-Covid tracheal resection – first case in India
Authors: Choudhary Anjoo A. , Ezzy Kamruddin K. , Jadhav Supriya V.
Published: January 2022

Prolonged intubations result in tracheal damage and stenosis, the treatment for severe cases is resection and anastomosis. With the progress of the Covid-19 pandemic, this incidence kept rising but the timing and precautions for such aerosolising surgeries remained unclear.

To report the first case of tracheal resection and anastomosis in India done during the Covid-19 pandemic along with its rationale.

We report a case of 30/male with prolonged intubation and tracheostomy done for Covid-19 pneumonia and ARDS with failure to decannulate and complete loss of voice. After thorough preoperative work-up, he underwent tracheal resection of 4 rings with cricotracheal anastomosis during the covid-19 pandemic in October 2020.

He was extubated on table and was asymptomatic after 3 months of follow-up with excellent voice.

With good team effort and appropriate precautions, aerosolising airway surgeries resection anastomosis can be safely performed.
Intracranial pilocytic astrocytoma with spinal drop metastasis: A case review, discussion of its current management and related literature
Authors: Keshri Shekhar Kumar , Sinha Satyendra Narayan
Published: January 2022

Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is a low grade benign tumor, commonly occurs in Cerebellum (42-60%), Optic & hypothalamic region (9-30%), Brain Stem (9%). They rarely spread. It rarely occurs within the ventricle. In this report, we described our experience with cranial pilocytic astrocytoma in a 14-year-old child, who initially treated with near total decompression of tumor. Four and half years later, recurrence of primary tumor with obstructive hydrocephalus occurred for which he underwent ventriculo-peritoneal shunt followed by re-excision. As further treatment was being evaluated for radiotherapy in view of recurrence at the primary site, he got detected to have significant spinal drop metastasis seen on MRI Spine. Finally, he underwent craniospinal irradiation (CSI).
Correlates of COVID-19 vaccination drop-out among health care workers in a tertiary Care hospital of West Bengal
Authors: Basu Mausumi , Saha Ripan , Basu Subhra Samujjwal , Shukla Vineeta , Mishra Ankita , Mukherjee Meghna
Published: January 2022

The Government of India launched “COVID-19 vaccination drive” on 16th January, 2021 and health care workers were the first to be prioritised for vaccination. However, the uncertainty regarding safety and efficacy of the vaccine was the major concern amongst them. These led to vaccine hesitancy and ultimately drop out.

To estimate the proportion of drop out of COVID-19 vaccination among vaccine-hesitant health care workers (HCWs) of a tertiary care hospital and to find out their perception and other background characteristics responsible for drop out.

A facility based descriptive type of observational study, cross-sectional in design was carried out among 329 HCWs of a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata from 16th March- 12thApril, 2021using a pre-designed, pre-tested, structured questionnaire. The study population selected by simple random sampling technique. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS v25.0 in the form of descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression.

About 44.1% of the study population didn’t take the COVID-19 vaccine. Socio-demographic factors like age, gender, religion, education, occupation,perception regarding necessity of vaccination, vaccine efficacy, dose and contraindication, safety in humans and role in future infections were significantly associated with drop out.

There was a high proportion of vaccine drop out among health care workers. Different modifiable perceptions with socio-demographic factors had played important roles in COVID-19 vaccination drop out. As the global threat of COVID-19 continues, greater efforts through campaigns that target HCWs are needed to improve the intention of professionals’ vaccine acceptance.
Management of menstrual hygiene, practices and perceptions among vulnerable Bharia women in Madhya Pradesh: A pilot survey
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Vaiyam Poonam , Thakur Ravikanta Singh
Published: January 2022

India has the highest proportion of adolescents and the highest adolescent pregnancy and childbirth rate in the tribal segment of the population. Very few studies have focused on the use of sanitary pad and quality of health care as menstrual hygiene practices.

The data was collected among ‘Bharia’ women who identified as one of the particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTGs) in Madhya Pradesh. Towards comparing the use, source, and components of menstrual hygiene practices among adolescents and adult mothers, the sample included adolescent (10-19 years) and adult women 20-49 years of age. The relevant information was collected by trained female investigator with designed questionnaire from the respondents.

Findings revealed that only 22.7% women are using sanitary pad during menstruation period in the studied tribe. It was seen the use of this absorbent (sanitary pad) for menstrual hygiene among the adolescents were found significantly higher (37.5%) than that of adult women (14.3%), whereas, the use of old cotton was found significantly higher (78.6%) among adult women. Awareness on menstrual hygiene about 50% adolescents and 64% adult women believed it is a curse of God. About 25% adolescents and 21.4% adult women believed menstruation is a natural process.

The tribe has underprivileged menstrual hygiene practices owing to low awareness, illiteracy, and poverty. The special IEC education campaign with suitable strategy can be forced to optimum hygiene practices.
Effect of trace elements in the immune system of pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in alex ekwueme federal university teaching hospital
Authors: Onweh DA  , Edeogu CO  , Okezie AO  , Ogbodo EC  , Nwanguma DE  , Oguaka VN  , Onyegbule OA  , Aikpitanyi-Iduitua GA  , Izuchukwu ECO
Published: January 2022

Copper, iron, selenium and zinc are important trace elements during pregnancy. They function as antioxidants and play major roles in strengthening the immune system. This study evaluates the importance of these trace elements in the immune system and their concentrations during pregnancy. These trace elements were evaluated using 75 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki as Test participants and 75 non-pregnant women were used as control participants. The analysis was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The socio-demographic, Obstetrics and Gynaecological characteristics of the participants were obtained using questionnaire. A cross-sectional comparative study design was adopted for this. The results showed that the mean and standard deviation (M±SD) in mg / l of the test and control of trace elements (copper, iron, selenium and zinc) are; 0.13±0.03 and 0.38±0.03, 0.48±0.07 and 0.82±0.09, 0.86±0.11 and 0.94±0.07, 0.52±0.07 and 0.52±0.05 respectively. Also mean levels of Cu and Fe were significantly decreased in the pregnant women than in control (p=<0.001; 0.002) respectively. Nevertheless, there was no statistically significant differences between selenium and zinc levels in the pregnant women when compared to their controls (p=0.575; 0.982) respectively. Low concentration of iron is suggestive of iron deficiency and this study revealed 65.3% non-compliance to routine iron supplement given during antenatal. Trimester, age and parity appeared not to have any significant effect on the level of these trace elements. Hence, there is need to ensure the intake well-balanced meal to optimize copper levels during pregnancy.
Study of COVID-19 impact on teaching community in border area of India
Authors: Mahajan Vishal , Mahajan Shailly
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has made the biggest disturbance of education frameworks in mankind's set of experiences, influencing almost 1.6 billion students in excess of 200 nations. Terminations of schools, Colleges and other learning institutions have affected over 94% of the world's understudy populace. This has brought sweeping changes in all parts of our lives. Social separating and prohibitive development strategies have fundamentally upset conventional instructive practices. Returning of schools after unwinding of limitation is one more test with numerous new standard working methodology set up.

Inside a limited ability to focus the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous scientists have shared their chips away at educating and learning in an unexpected way. A few schools, universities and colleges have stopped up close and personal lessons. There is a dread of losing 2020 scholastic year or considerably more in the coming future. The need of great importance is to enhance and carry out elective instructive framework and appraisal procedures. The COVID-19 pandemic has furnished us with a chance to make ready for presenting advanced learning. This article expects to give an exhaustive report on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on internet educating and learning of different papers and show the way forward.
Outcomes in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis treated under RNTCP & follow up after 6 months
Authors: Gupta Sonisha , Porwal Ankur , Gupta Atul Kumar
Published: January 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is, one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide and the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent.

This Prospective study was conducted at Santosh medical college Ghaziabad from 1 April 2018 to 30 September 2019. All diagnosed PTB patients above 12yrs were taken. Patients with EPTB, HIV positive, MDR TB, XDR TB were excluded from the study. At the end of study treatment outcome was evaluated.

Total of 208 patients diagnosed as tuberculosis were enrolled in the study. 6 patients died during course of study, 10 were treatment failure, 4 were lost to follow-up, 3 transferred out & 1 shifted to private treatment. 184 patients completed treatment successfully. Out of 184, only 152 patients were available for interview at 6 months follow up after completion of treatment. 19 could not be traced, 11 patients refused and 2 died. Out of 152, 110 were asymptomatic, 1 relapsed & rest 41 patients were symptomatic. All symptomatic patients were subjected to Chest X-Ray. Fibrosis was seen on CXR of 30 patients, bronchiectasis was seen in 3 patients, 1 patient had destroyed lung, nothing abnormal detected in 7 patients.

Even after successful treatment under RNTCP, these patients need to be followed up as many of them relapse or suffer from sequelae of tuberculosis.
Equivalent circuit of a ferrite-wound inductor in a wide frequency range (0 Hz – 500 MHz)
Authors: Dmitrikov Vladimir F. , Shushpanov Dmitry V.
Published: January 2022

Based on the measured impedance of the inductors wound on various ferrite cores and with a different number of turns, an equivalent high frequency (0 Hz 500 MHz) circuit model was built. The equivalent circuit model was built taking into account the physical processes occurring in the inductor: effect of wire resistance, effect of core material, mutual effect of wire and core material. The attempt explaining why the frequency characteristics (modulus and phase) of the inductor complex impedance have such a character in a wide frequency band (up to 500 MHz) was made. It was shown that for constructing an equivalent circuit model (structure and parameters), measuring only the inductors resistance modulus is not enough. It is also necessary to measure the phase of the inductor complex resistance, which is ignored in many works on the synthesis of an e inductor equivalent circuit.
Generation of ultra-short pulses using the Wilkinson adder
Authors: Bobreshov Anatoly M. , Elfimov Aleksey E. , Stepkin Vladislav A. , Uskov Grigoriy K.
Published: January 2022

In this work the possibility of increasing the amplitude of ultra-short pulses and formation of a monocycle Gaussian by adding signals from several oscillators was investigated. For this purpose, the ring adders of Wilkinson design were used. The design of which has been chosen due to low losses and high input decoupling. The S-parameters of the adders with different geometrical parameters have been simulated in the frequency band up to 5 GHz. The obtained results coincided with the experimentally measured characteristics. The monopulse amplitude was increased and a bipolar pulse shape was formed by adding ultrashort pulses of equal and different polarities using the adders. This approach allows you to adjust the parameters of the output signal by adjusting the delays of the triggering signals.
Joint application of radar visibility reduction and anti-radar masking technologies to protect aircraft from remote monitoring systems
Authors: Razinkov Sergey N. , Razinkova Olga E.
Published: January 2022

Using spectral energy equations of transmission-reception of wave processes in radio channel with scattering on object and direct radio channel, analysis of energy ratios of information signals and active masking interference at inputs of receivers of remote monitoring systems is carried out. Measures to reduce visibility are aimed at changing the reflective signatures of objects in the interests of reducing the de-masking features contained in secondary electromagnetic radiation to limits that exclude the performance of radar monitoring tasks at established distances and time intervals. Active interference is designed to mask information signals in receiving channels of radar at power that does not allow detecting their designers by passive radar. In case of joint application of not iceability reducing devices and active jammers, radar range reducing coefficient is determined by product of coefficient characterizing possibility of autonomous masking of information signals and coefficient achievable due to reduction of secondary electromagnetic radiation power in the second degree. The laws of increase of aircraft stealth from radar observation with joint application of technologies of reduction of radar visibility and masking by intentional interference created from sides of protected objects and from assigned points have been investigated. In order to maintain the desired signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the receiver with a decrease in the duration of the probing signal, it is necessary to proportionally increase the density of the emitted energy. With given antenna sizes, the maximum signal transmission range is proportional to the root square of their cyclic carrier frequency; increase of this parameter leads to increase of partial coefficient of directional action and effective area of antenna. With a decrease in the cyclic frequency of the carrier of the probing signal, inorder to maintain the required directional properties of the antennas, it is necessary to increase their dimensions.
Resilience Analysis of Crisis in Medical Environments: A Structural Equation Modeling based on Crisis Management Components
Authors: GHIYASI SAMIRA , VERDI BAGHDADI FATEMEH , HASHEMZADEH FARSHAD , SOLTANZADEH AHMAD
Published: January 2022

Enhancing the index of crisis resilience is one of the key goals in medical environments. Various parameters can affect crisis resilience. The current study was designed to analyze crisis resilience in medical environments based on the crisis management components. This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was performed in 14 hospitals and medical centers, in 2020. A sample size of 343.5 was determined based on the Cochran's formula. We used a 44-item crisis management questionnaire of Azadian et al. to collect data. The components of this questionnaire included management commitment, error learning, culture learning, awareness, preparedness, flexibility, and transparency. The data was analyzed based on the structural equation modeling approach using IBM SPSS AMOS v. 23.0. The participants’ age and work experience mean were 37.78±8.14 and 8.22±4.47 years. The index of crisis resilience was equal to 2.96±0.87. The results showed that all components of crisis management had a significant relationship with this index (p <0.05). The highest and lowest impact on the resilience index were related to preparedness (E=0.88) and transparency (E=0.60). The goodness of fit indices of this model including RMSEA, CFI, NFI, and NNFI (TLI) was 2.86, 0.071, 0.965, 0.972, and 0.978. The index of crisis resilience in the medical environments was at a moderate level. Furthermore, the structural equation modeling findings indicated that the impact of each component of crisis management should be considered in prioritizing measures to increase the level of resilience.
Work Place Violence in the Health Care Facility
Authors: TESFAYE TEGEGNE KALEAB , ZENEBE ANDUALEM , AYALEW ASSEFA ABIYU , TEGEGNE ELENI TESFAYE , KASSA TESSEMA MEKIBIB , SEMEON BAGAJJO WOSENYELEH
Published: January 2022

The article's abstract is not available.
Environmental Risk Management in Automaker Industries Case Study: Pre-Paint Part of Iran Khodro Company (IKCO)
Authors: BABAEI ASHKAN , MIRI LAVASANI SEYED MOHAMMADREZA , NASSIRI PARVIN , NOOROLLAHI YOUNES
Published: January 2022

Despite abundant resources, the automotive industry is reported to adversely impact the environment owing to the use of heavy machinery, diverse and governmental management policies for car production per hour, remarkable employed labor force, production cycle timing, etc. For this purpose, many studies involving environmental risk management have been conducted. To this aim, the present study has been carried out in pre-paint part No. 2 of IKCO (preparation process). In this regard, using FUZZY FMEA and VIKOR methods, the identified risks were assessed and reformative measures and solutions were classified, respectively. A total of 15 individuals considered HSE experts of IKCO were selected as a statistical sample size according to the Morgan table. Consequently, the high level risks were identified and appropriate solutions were suggested to reduce the environmental effects, and according to achieved scores, “torch adjustments based on compliance report” with the objective of reducing air pollution was selected as the compromise solution. IKCO should consider torch adjustment based on compliance report actions as its first priority.
Exploring the challenges and ethical requirements of medical sciences education during COVID-19: a qualitative study
Authors: Ramezani Ghobad , Aalaa Maryam , Zahedi Farzaneh , Soltani Arabshahi Seyed Kamran , Rasouli Davood , Keshavarzi Mohammad Hasan
Published: January 2022

The controversial role of ethics in clinical education and its ability to draw the attention of a large audience is inevitable. The issues and challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic have transformed the clinical education environment. This study was conducted to explore the challenges and ethical requirements of medical sciences education during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The study was qualitative research and the instrument was a semi-structured interview. The participants included faculty members of the basic and clinical Sciences at Iran University of Medical Sciences. After 16 rounds of interviews, theoretical saturation was achieved. Qualitative data were analysed using conventional content analysis, which resulted in 81 preliminary codes and 28 sub-categories. Finally, two themes of "ethical challenges" and "ethical requirements", and 10 categories were achieved. The sub-categories were consisted of "being patient-centred", "social accountability of curriculums", "ethical challenges of the clinical environment", "the poor performance of the clinical faculty members and students", "being justice-centred", "raising awareness", "observing clinical research ethics", "preservation and promotion of mental health", "patient confidentiality", and "respect for individuals". We hope the ethical challenges in medical education that were created due to the emergence of Covid-19 can be reduced and eliminated by defining a framework for ethical requirements.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Chemistry
Authors: Rai Preeti , Chatrath Harsha
Published: January 2022

All the problems can be solved with the help of machines mainly computers using algorithm and by interpreting their output data is considered as artificial intelligence (AI). Artificial intelligence is faster than manual work, reduces manpower, more efficient and accurate and used in various field these days and coming up with more advanced technology. With the help of artificial intelligence, drugs can be formulated and produced in an advanced way. New machineries’ used in chemical or pharmaceutical labs are much advanced these days, that reduces the time of the analysis.

There is a strong bond between artificial intelligence and chemistry. In the field of chemistry designing new molecules, molecular property detection of molecules and compounds, drug discovery, synthesis and retrosynthesis of molecules, analysis prediction for better and accurate results, all these can be done with the help of artificial intelligence.
Front Matter: Change and Crisis
Authors: Rein Sandra
Published: January 2022

Introduction to 2022 issue.
Ideas in Context: a Conversation with Frank Cunningham
Authors: Coburn Elaine , Cunningham Frank , Glasbeek Harry , Holden Meg , Mills Charles , Rein Sandra
Published: January 2022

Moderated by Elaine Coburn, Harry Glasbeek, Meg Holden, Charles Mills and Frank Cunningham presented a symposium on Frank's book Ideas in Context May 29, 2021 for the Society of Socialist Studies.  Now shared here in written form, the symposium includes what may have been the last contribution of Charles Mills, a friend of half of a century to Frank, known for his generosity of spirit and his trenchant theorizing of racial justice (Mills 1997).
Yield Reductions of Wheat Cultivar Obora (UTIQUE96/FLAG-1) due to Russian Wheat Aphid (Diuraphis noxia) Infestation under Field Conditions at Selected Districts of West Showa Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Nahil , Negeri Mulugeta , Getu Emana , Selvara Thangavel
Published: January 2022

Background: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop as being consumed as staple food in the world as well as in Ethiopia. The production of wheat in Ethiopia decreased due to the incidence of insect pests. Out of insects’ pests the Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) is the recent one that causes yield loss either directly or indirectly. Methods: The experiment was carried out at selected districts of West Showa zone, Ethiopia during off cropping season 2019 to evaluate the yield reduction in wheat crop due to the invasion of Russian wheat aphids. Malamar, Dimethoate, neem seeds, leaves, Beaveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae were used in form of spray. Result: However, Malamar and Dimethoate highly significantly lowered the population of Diuraphis noxia. The combination of Beaveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopleae significantly lowered the population of Russian wheat aphid. The combination of Neem leaf and Neem seeds, as well as Beaveria bassiana, proved to be effective against Russian wheat aphid yet they were protected and sound against the environments. Malamar showed the maximum decrease in Diuraphis noxia populations followed by Dimethoate, the combination of Beaveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopleae.
The Effect of Intercropping of Lablab (Lablab purpureus L.) and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) at Different Planting Densities on in vitro and in sacco Dry Matter Digestibility of Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum)
Authors: Dinsa Negasu Gamachu , Yalew Kassahun Desalegn
Published: January 2022

Background: The advantage of intercropping is the more efficient utilization of the all available resources and the increased productivity compared with each sole crop of the mixture. If cowpea and Lablab intercropping with Napier grass its nutritional values was improved. Methods: The experimental design was factorial combination arrangement in randomized complete block design with three inter and intra spaces (1 m × 0.5 m, 0.75 m × 0.5 m, 0.5 m × 0.5 m) and intercropping with two tropical legumes. Treatments were T1= Pure Napier grass at 1 m row spacing, T2= Napier grass intercropped with lablab at 0.75 m row spacing, T3= Napier grass intercropped with cowpea at 0.5 m row spacing, T4= Napier grass intercropped with cowpea at 1 m row spacing, T5= Napier grass intercropped with lablab at 0.5 m row spacing, T6= Pure Napier grass at 0.75 m row spacing, T7= Napier grass intercropped with lablab at 1 m row spacing, T8= Napier grass intercropped with cowpea at 0.75 m row spacing, T9= Pure Napier grass at 0.5 m row spacing and totally nine treatments were used. Soil samples were collected before and after forage harvested. Result: Napier grass intercropped with lablab and cowpea at different planting densities had significant effect (P less than 0.05) on the in vitro dry and organic matter digestibility (IVDMD, IVOMD) and increased digestibility. The OM degradation constant was significantly different (P less than 0.05) but ‘ED’ was not and for DM degradation ‘c’ and ‘b’ were non-significant (P greater than 0.05) for Napier grass intercropped with lablab and cowpea at different planting densities. In conclusion, Napier grass intercropped with lablab and cowpea at a planting density of 24 plants m-2 was better choice for high yield and forage quality.
Genetic Diversity Associated with Eco-geographical Parameters, Morphological Characteristics and Soil Analyzes of Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.) in Algeria
Authors: Bougrine H. , Mebarkia A. , Bechkri S.
Published: January 2022

Background: In the present study, we have set a goal, to study the genetic variability and phylogenetic affinities of 26 spontaneous Vicia sativa L. accessions collected in Algeria, as part of the recovery and enhancement of the local genetic heritage and its integration into the breeding and varietal creation programs. Methods: Morphological traits, performance parameters and phenological stages of each accession were tracked during an experimental test in pots under greenhouse conditions from December 29, 2019 to June 1, 2020. An eco-geographical characterization of samples was also carried out through geographical coordinates. On the other side and for the first time in Algeria, soil analyses of each site were undertaken. Result: The phylogenetic study of accessions confirm the taxonomic complexity of the group V. sativa L. According to the principal component analyses and kruskal-Wallis test, the most segregating variables with the highest values and the largest K variance ratios are most of the attributes associated with the flower, pod and seed. The association of the two dissimilarity matrix carried out by a Mantel test between the morphological and eco-geographic parameters showed a significant effect with a p value = 0.004 at the threshold of alpha=0.05 and a correlation coefficient r (AB) = 0.156.
Evaluating the Antifungal Activity of Some Traditional Medicinal Plant Extracts against Alternaria solani (Tomato Early Blight Pathogen) in Ethiopia
Authors: Tadelo Meseret , Wato Tamirat , Negash Tilahun
Published: January 2022

Background: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) belongs to the family Solanaceae. In Ethiopia, control of early blight is largely dependent on fungicidal application. There is a research need to identify effective botanical extracts to control Alternaria solani that cause early blight of tomato and for evaluation of plant extracts through different solvents on the target pathogen. Methods: In vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of crude extracts of 16 selected medicinal plants against Alternaria solani. Thus, crude extracts were extracted from medicinal plants with different solvents (methanol, ethanol and petroleum at (25%, 50% and 100%) concentrations. The Alternaria solani was isolated from infected tomato leaves showing early blight symptoms. Evaluation of plant extracts was carried out against Alternaria solani using food poisoned technique on PDA. Result: Results showed that most of the methanolic extract plants were showed significant inhibition of the mycelial growth as compared to ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts. A higher rate of mycelial reduction was recorded by ethanol extracts of Allium sativum at all concentrations (100%) followed by methanol extracts of Allium sativum at 25%, 50%, 100% concentration (90.02%, 97.01%, 100% respectively). The effectiveness of extracts against Alternaria solani depends on use at the higher concentrations and various solvents. For crude extracts that have shown higher inhibitory effects against Alternaria solani in vitro conditions, actual chemical compounds should be identified. Furthermore, it is also important to evaluate these plants on other microbes, study to test in vivo and to assess their real potential field condition wherever early blight is an important disease of tomato.
Harm to the Well-being of the Udder at the Level of Dairy Farms of Sidi Mhamed Benali Wilaya of Relizane (Algeria)
Authors: Bouhroum N. , Bensahli B.
Published: January 2022

Background: Among the dairy cattle production problems in Algeria, mastitis rank first in terms of socio-economic impact. Our aim is to identify the state of well-being of the udder in order to manage and control mastitis related problems. Methods: The pH analysis of 177 cow milk samples was performed at two farms located in the Sidi Mhamed Benali region in northwest Algeria associated with an assessment (of the udder’s cleanliness degree, the udder’s position, the teat’s hyperkeratosis lesion and the ITH) out over a period of one year (2020-2021). Result: Analysis of mean (of cleanliness, udder position and ITH) between cold and warm season were significantly different at a value of [(4.11; 2.75); (5.19; 4.11); (56.96; 73.76)] respectively. The paper test revealed that the health of the udder is influenced by any variation in cleanliness and the ITH whose correlation coefficient is equal to 0.72 leading to the appearance of subclinical mastitis during the cold season. While during the hot season the bad milking procedure is incriminated in the appearance of hyperkeratosis lesion at a mean value equal to 1 (smooth ring stage) inducing the appearance of clinical mastitis with p less than 0.05, moreover the cows in first lactation are the most influenced by these elicited factors. In conclusion, monitoring and evaluating the well-being of the udder around the parturition is a tool that allows better prevention of mastitis.
Effects of Water Temperature on Activities of Metabolic Enzymes of Juvenile Siganus guttatus
Authors: Song C. , Wang Y. , Liu J.Y. , Zhao F. , Huang X.R. , Zhuang P.
Published: January 2022

Background: Temperature is one of the most important environmental factors affecting the survival, growth and metabolism of fish. The current study was aimed to study the effects of water temperature on the metabolic enzyme activities of juvenile Siganus guttatus. Methods: The juveniles were domesticated at 28±1°C for two weeks and then the temperature was adjusted to the target temperature groups (31°C, 27°C, 23°C and 19°C) by the gradually increasing or decreasing temperature with the change rate of 2°C per day. The experiment lasted for 70 d. At the end of the experiment, the fish were anesthetized and all the livers were dissected on ice plate and stored in the refrigerator at -80°C for the determination of enzyme activity. Result: The activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), hexokinase (HK) and pyruvate kinase (PK), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) tend to be increased with the reduction of temperature. The above enzymes activities in 19°C group were highest. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and citrate synthase (CS) was lowest in 19°C. These results suggests that 19°C had exceeded the suitable temperature range for juvenile S. guttatus. At low temperature, S. guttatus mainly use fat for energy, but less anaerobic metabolism for energy.
Development of a Universal Scale for Validating the Process of Sanitization of Equipment, Materials and Surfaces in the Animal Facility
Authors: Chernov A.S. , Minakov A.N. , Malyavina E.V. , Elfimov A.S. , Telegin G.B.
Published: January 2022

Background: Monitoring of sanitization of cage equipment is an essential function of any laboratory animal facilities, seeking to ensure the animal health and welfare. The purpose of the current study was to develop universal scale for monitoring sanitization through detection of residual ATP for the most effective process of sanitizing components of rodents micro- and macro-environment. Methods: Sterile pens and swabs for the HY-LiTE® Luminometer Instrument were used to measure ATP concentration (RLU) on the cleaned surface samples. We have examined the elements of the microenvironment (rodent and rabbit cage, cage wire meshes, feed separating pieces, water bottles with tips, houses, tunnels, IVC cage frames, cage tops and cage wire meshes). The assessed swab area on each of the surfaces was 10×10 cm. Result: We observed, that combined washing (cleaned manually and with automatic universal washers with detergent) gives the lowest RLU values. Monitoring of the quality of sanitization of equipment and surfacescan be carried out without the use of microbiological tests. Use of pre-washing allows increasing the service life of caging equipment. We have developed an assessment scale to monitor sanitizing, which can be recommended to scientific and breeding animal facilities for monitoring sanitization cage equipments.
Anthelmintic Activity of Nine Varieties of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp on Haemonchus contortus from Sheep
Authors: Koutouan Faustin Parfait , Yapi Yapo Magloire , Kande Souleymane , Wandan Eboua Narcisse
Published: January 2022

Background: Internal parasitosis is the most important parasitism in small ruminants in tropical region. Synthetic anthelmintics are usually used for their control. Due to the emergence of resistance in worm population, the use of alternative methods such as plants bioactive molecules are developed. This study aimed at assessing anthelmintic activity of nine varieties of Cajanus cajan, a taniferous plant cultivated in West Africa. Methods: Leaves of the nine varieties of Cajanus cajan were dried, ground and hydroacetonic extracts were obtained by cold maceration at a concentration of 60 mg/ml. Live adult of Haemonchus contortus were obtained from sheep’s stomach and exposed, in triplicate, to the following solutions: hydroacetonic extracts (60 mg/ml), hydroacetonic extracts (60 mg/ml) associated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (50 mg/ml), Levamisole (20 mg/ml) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. Worm death time was recorded for each treatment. Result: Worms exposed to Levamisole recorded the shortest death time about 9.73±1.77 min. The potent of the extracts induced worm death time of 64.83±4.73 min while the least efficient induced a death time of 156.50±23.20 min. Worms in the PBS solution were still alive after 24 hours of exposure. These results indicated that the four varieties of C. cajan used in this study have promising wormicidal. Besides that, the effect of tannins were not the only compound responsible for the anthelmintic activity.