bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Use, Reasons, and Satisfaction with the Complementary Medicine among Patients Living with a Permanent Ostomy
Authors: Ahmadi lari Leyla , Dehghan Mahlagha , Zakeri Mohammad Ali , Mangolian shahrbabaki Parvin
Published: November 2023

Patients living with a permanent ostomy encounter many physical, psychological, and social challenges due to the loss of function of a part of their body. Today, as the use of alternative therapies increases, some of these patients are seeking complementary medicine to relieve the symptoms and complications of their disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the use of, reasons for, and satisfaction with the complementary medicine among patients living with a permanent ostomy. This descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted on 100 patients living with a permanent ostomy who were referred to ostomy clinics in southeastern Iran. The census method was used for sampling. The research tool included a complementary medicine questionnaire. SPSS‐25 was used for data analysis. The results showed that in physical methods, most of the participants used herbal medicines (83%), aromatherapy (79%), vitamin supplements (76%), and diet (66%). In mental methods, most of the participants used prayer/recourse/vow (91%) and music therapy (75%) (every day to several times a year). People with university education (p < 0.001), higher incomes (p = 0.002), and history of addiction (p = 0.048) used more methods of complementary medicine. Fifty‐three point four of the participants used herbal medicines to reduce physical complications, 46.6% used them to improve anxiety and stress induced by ostomy, and between 66 and 80% was completely satisfied with the use of various types of complementary medicine. The study results showed that the frequency of complementary medicine use among patients living with a permanent ostomy varied from a few days to several years. Considering the use of complementary medicine by these patients, educational programs, and interventions are necessary to increase the general awareness of ostomy patients about the types of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and the effects of these methods.
Modelling Friction-Induced Dynamic Instability Dedicated for Isogeometric Formulation
Authors: Mohanasundaram P. , Shimoyama K. , Gillot F. , Besset S.
Published: November 2023

Flutter-type dynamic instability induced by friction is a highly nonlinear phenomenon and computationally expensive to model through transient analysis. An efficient way to make inference of such instabilities in a dynamical system is through analyzing the first-order effect of a perturbation at one of its equilibrium with eigenvalue analysis. The contact characteristics of such dynamical systems are typically modelled through the normal compliance approach with inference from experiments. In this case, the dynamical response of the system is implied to be sensitive to the contact stiffness modelled through the normal compliance approach. Typically, with the normal compliance approach, the continuum of the contact interface is approximated through a set of nonlinear springs which can be interpreted as a collocation method. Such approximations or the numerical implication of contact formulations in general for such problems is not largely studied. We focus on a variational formulation-based contact formulation without domain decomposition which is computationally efficient with small sacrifice in accuracy, where we imply that the dynamical response can be robustly modelled with the given accuracy. Further, we expose the inadequacy of the collocation method for such problems, where the dynamical system is observed to be sensitive to the extent of inaccuracy as a result of collocation for low values of contact stiffness. The inferences numerically imply the characteristics of the dynamical system for variation in contact stiffness.
Research on Image Super-Resolution Reconstruction Technology Based on Unsupervised Learning
Authors: Han Shuo , Mo Bo , Zhao Jie , Pan Bolin , Wang Yiqi
Published: November 2023

Affected by the movement of drones, missiles, and other aircraft platforms and the limitation of the accuracy of image sensors, the obtained images have low-resolution and serious loss of image details. Aiming at these problems, this paper studies the image super-resolution reconstruction technology. Firstly, a natural image degradation model based on a generative adversarial network is designed to learn the degradation relationship between image blocks within the image; then, an unsupervised learning residual network is designed based on the idea of image self-similarity to complete image super-resolution reconstruction. The experimental results show that the unsupervised super-resolution reconstruction algorithm is equivalent to the mainstream supervised learning algorithm under ideal conditions. Compared to mainstream algorithms, this algorithm has significantly improved its various indicators in real-world environments under nonideal conditions.
Data from Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Efficacy of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan with Concomitant Ritonavir or Itraconazole in Patients with HER2-Expressing Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Takahashi Shunji , Karayama Masato , Takahashi Masato , Watanabe Junichiro , Minami Hironobu , Yamamoto Noboru , Kinoshita Ichiro , Lin Chia-Chi , Im Young-Hyuck , Achiwa Issei , Kamiyama Emi , Okuda Yasuyuki , Lee Caleb , Bang Yung-Jue
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurpose:
To evaluate drug–drug interactions between the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–targeted antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd; DS-8201a) and the OATP1B/CYP3A inhibitor ritonavir or the strong CYP3A inhibitor itraconazole.
Patients and Methods:
Patients with HER2-expressing advanced solid tumors were enrolled in this phase I, open-label, single-sequence crossover study (NCT03383692) and received i.v. T-DXd 5.4 mg/kg every 3 weeks. Patients received ritonavir (cohort 1) or itraconazole (cohort 2) from day 17 of cycle 2 through the end of cycle 3. Primary endpoints were maximum serum concentration (Cmax) and partial area under the concentration-time curve from beginning of cycle through day 17 (AUC17d) for T-DXd and deruxtecan (DXd) with (cycle 3) and without (cycle 2) ritonavir or itraconazole treatment.
Results:
Forty patients were enrolled (cohort 1, n = 17; cohort 2, n = 23). T-DXd Cmax was similar whether combined with ritonavir [cohort 1, cycle 3/cycle 2; 90% confidence interval (CI): 1.05 (0.98–1.13)] or itraconazole [cohort 2, 1.03 (0.96–1.09)]. T-DXd AUC17d increased from cycle 2 to 3; however, the cycle 3/cycle 2 ratio upper CI bound remained at ≤1.25 for both cohorts. For DXd (cycle 3/cycle 2), Cmax ratio was 0.99 (90% CI, 0.85–1.14) for cohort 1 and 1.04 (0.92–1.18) for cohort 2; AUC17d ratio was 1.22 (1.08–1.37) and 1.18 (1.11–1.25), respectively. The safety profile of T-DXd plus ritonavir or itraconazole was consistent with previous studies of T-DXd monotherapy. T-DXd demonstrated promising antitumor activity across HER2-expressing solid-tumor types.
Conclusions:
T-DXd was safely combined with ritonavir or itraconazole without clinically meaningful impact on T-DXd or DXd pharmacokinetics.
TABLE 1 from Exogenous Sequences in Tumors and Immune Cells (Exotic): A Tool for Estimating the Microbe Abundances in Tumor RNA-seq Data
Authors: Hoyd Rebecca , Wheeler Caroline E. , Liu YunZhou , Jagjit Singh Malvenderjit S. , Muniak Mitchell , Jin Ning , Denko Nicholas C. , Carbone David P. , Mo Xiaokui , Spakowicz Daniel J.
Published: November 2023

Data summary
Supplementary Table S4 from Exogenous Sequences in Tumors and Immune Cells (Exotic): A Tool for Estimating the Microbe Abundances in Tumor RNA-seq Data
Authors: Hoyd Rebecca , Wheeler Caroline E. , Liu YunZhou , Jagjit Singh Malvenderjit S. , Muniak Mitchell , Jin Ning , Denko Nicholas C. , Carbone David P. , Mo Xiaokui , Spakowicz Daniel J.
Published: November 2023

Ranked list of microbes by closeness centrality in a gene-microbe network controlling for cancer type (on GitHub as spakowiczlab/exotic-manuscript/analyses/tables/S4_network_microbe_closeness-centrality.csv)
Supplementary Table S2 from Exogenous Sequences in Tumors and Immune Cells (Exotic): A Tool for Estimating the Microbe Abundances in Tumor RNA-seq Data
Authors: Hoyd Rebecca , Wheeler Caroline E. , Liu YunZhou , Jagjit Singh Malvenderjit S. , Muniak Mitchell , Jin Ning , Denko Nicholas C. , Carbone David P. , Mo Xiaokui , Spakowicz Daniel J.
Published: November 2023

Summary of the microbes associated with survival and the concordance network-based rankings.
Supplemental Figure S2 from Exogenous Sequences in Tumors and Immune Cells (Exotic): A Tool for Estimating the Microbe Abundances in Tumor RNA-seq Data
Authors: Hoyd Rebecca , Wheeler Caroline E. , Liu YunZhou , Jagjit Singh Malvenderjit S. , Muniak Mitchell , Jin Ning , Denko Nicholas C. , Carbone David P. , Mo Xiaokui , Spakowicz Daniel J.
Published: November 2023

Histogram of the correlations between microbes and genes, from which the most extreme 5% were selected for the network.
FIGURE 2 from Exogenous Sequences in Tumors and Immune Cells (Exotic): A Tool for Estimating the Microbe Abundances in Tumor RNA-seq Data
Authors: Hoyd Rebecca , Wheeler Caroline E. , Liu YunZhou , Jagjit Singh Malvenderjit S. , Muniak Mitchell , Jin Ning , Denko Nicholas C. , Carbone David P. , Mo Xiaokui , Spakowicz Daniel J.
Published: November 2023

Estimating the clinical relevance of observed tumor microbes through the concordance between two independent datasets. A, Survival analyses by cancer stratified by microbe presence/absence at every taxonomic level. Colors indicate a significant association with survival. The ORIEN and TCGA analyses separately show many significant associations, whereas few are consistent (significant and affecting survival in the same direction) across both datasets. B, Examples of two taxa that show concordant associations between the two datasets. C, Microbes correlate with representative clinical variables and an expression signature of the tumor microenvironment (Buffa hypoxia score). Shown are concordant correlations for ORIEN and TCGA data, except for BMI, which is missing in TCGA for many cancers. D, Correlation of microbes with deconvolved immune cell abundances within each cancer.
Response of Brain and Meningeal Metastases to Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan in a Patient with HER2-Low Breast Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Wolf Benita , Dunet Vincent , Dubruc Estelle , Dolcan Ana , Nicod Lalonde Marie , Schiappacasse Luis , Zaman Khalil
Published: November 2023

Nervous system metastases (CNSm) are late events associated with poor outcomes in endocrine-sensitive HER2-negative breast cancer (BC) patients, especially in the presence of leptomeningeal disease (LMD). Effective treatments are extremely limited in this setting. The antibody-drug conjugate, trastuzumab-deruxtecan (T-DXd), which combines the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab with a topoisomerase type 1 inhibitor, showed high efficacy not only against HER2-positive but also HER2-low metastatic BCs, expressing HER2 at a lower level. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with metastatic endocrine-sensitive HER2-low BC suffering from BMs associated with LMD and sustained disease control when treated with T-DXd. Several recent case series have reported the activity of T-DXd in patients with HER2-positive disease and brain metastases or LMD, but none in HER2-low patients. This case is particularly relevant since more than 50% of BCs are HER2-low.
Multiple-Digit Pigmented Bowen’s Disease Induced by Human Papillomavirus in an Immunocompetent Child
Authors: Guerrero-Gonzalez Guillermo Antonio , Di Chiacchio Nilton Gioia , Paschoa Francisco Macedo , Di Chiacchio Nilton
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Bowen’s disease is a squamous cell carcinoma in situ, the most common malignancy of the nail unit. Presenting more frequently in the fingernails, common risk factors include ionizing radiation, oral exposure to arsenic or pesticides, dyskeratosis congenita, and quite commonly diverse subtypes of HPV. We report the first case of multiple periungual pigmented Bowen’s disease in a pediatric patient. Case Presentation: A healthy 13-year-old boy presented with a 9-month history of a pigmented erythematous patch on the proximal nail fold of his 3rd right finger without associated symptoms. A punch biopsy was taken, and the diagnosis of Bowen’s disease was made. The patient received photodynamic therapy and three cycles of imiquimod without response, and two new lesions appeared on the first and second right fingers. Surgical removal was performed on all lesions. A polymerase chain reaction detected an HPV type 16. Discussion/Conclusion: Multiple periungual Bowen’s disease is rare, with the most frequent risk factors being HPV infection and chronic immunosuppression. Less than 10% of the cases present as longitudinal melanonychia. To date, there are no previous reports of multiple pigmented periungual Bowen’s disease. HPV-induced Bowen’s disease is usually present in adults aged between 22 and 89 years as persistent verrucae. In this case, koilocytosis and the fact that all lesions appeared on the right hand are suggestive of HPV infection.
Fluoroquinolone Prophylaxis during Conventional Chemotherapy or Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Leukemia – Pros and Cons
Authors: Hoffman Tomer , Atamna Alaa , Litchevsky Vladislav , Amitai Irina , Yahav Dafna
Published: November 2023

Background: Prophylaxis with fluoroquinolones (FQ) is commonly used in patients with acute leukemia (AL) during neutropenia. This practice is supported by an older meta-analysis reporting reduced mortality using FQ prophylaxis. Later meta-analyses have failed to reproduce this finding, presumably due to higher background FQ resistance rates limiting their effectiveness. Summary: This article reviews the pros and cons of FQ prophylaxis mainly in patients with AL. Most current guidelines do not support universal prophylaxis but rather recommend a selective approach, weighing the benefits against the risks. This recommendation is based on the lack of mortality benefit reported in more recent meta-analyses. FQ prophylaxis was demonstrated to reduce bacteremia and febrile neutropenia episodes, although mostly in trials performed in low-resistance settings (<20%), whereas current FQ resistance rates may reach 30–60%. Other disadvantages of FQ include potential adverse events, antibiotic resistance development, cost, increase in Gram-positive infections and resistant Gram-negative infections following prophylaxis, Clostridioides difficile infection, and an effect on gut microbiota. Key Messages: Taking the above into consideration, alternative approaches other than universal FQ prophylaxis should be considered. Centers with high FQ resistance rates may consider either withholding prophylaxis or providing selective prophylaxis for high-risk patients screened negative for FQ-resistant bacteria.
GREEN FINANCE AND SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Authors: Imamah Nur , Nafisa Layyin
Published: November 2023

Entrepreneurship has been recognized as a method of generating economic rewards. In light of the growing significance of sustainable development within the contemporary global framework, it has been ascertained that entrepreneurship need not be exclusively predicated upon financial gain. Environmental deterioration, wealth inequality, and unequal access to resources and opportunity are all growing problems. Consequently, the concept of sustainable entrepreneurship, which entails the utilization of sustainable business techniques, has evolved and experienced a surge in popularity during the last decade. The new field of sustainable entrepreneurship is concerned with identifying, developing, and pursuing business opportunities that promote sustainability through improving the social and environmental well-being of others. Sustainable entrepreneurship's primary objective is to generate profit without endangering people or the environment. This is the case with green finance, which is the term for financial services, investments, and goods that support environmentally sound programs, address climate change, and encourage the shift to a low-carbon economy. Green finance and sustainable entrepreneurship are mutually reinforcing, with green finance providing the necessary financial resources, expertise, and ecosystem to support sustainable entrepreneurs in developing environmentally conscious businesses. The collaboration between green finance and sustainable entrepreneurship drives innovation, promotes market development, mitigates environmental risks, and contributes to a more sustainable and resilient economy.
CARBON TAX AS A CLIMATE CHANGE ABATEMENT STRATEGY: DRIVERS AND HURDLES FOR SUSTAINABLE
Authors: Arsyanda Sifa
Published: November 2023

Climate change has continuously gained importance, and it is deemed the main threat to the survival and continuance of the human race. As a result, climate change must be acknowledged, handled, and resolved collectively. Its far-reaching consequences will leave no aspect of life as we know it unscathed, and the rate of degradation is increasing rapidly. As a result, governments, international organizations, and society as a whole must figure out how to limit Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere. With the straightforward objective of encouraging entrepreneurs to invest in sustainable energy sources, government adoption of a carbon tax is hard to avoid. However, this argument is debatable even proponents of such a policy vary on how it should be implemented. Notwithstanding its success in some countries, its failure in others has shown that this issue has to be properly comprehensively examined, with actual concerns and critiques addressed. In order to be effective, a carbon tax is believed to be set at a level that would both induce corporate polluters to switch to greener practices and allow them to continue operating profitably in the future and to gain double dividend. However, in several debates, whether the administrative cost and expenses will be worth the benefits is must be considered. This study uses a literature review to examine the implication of carbon tax policy in certain countries as the major research subject. The study intends to fill research gaps in the area of policy analysis.
SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR AS AGENT OF CHANGE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Aini Edlyn Khurotul , Yuliaji Eliana Sandy , Nafisa Layyin
Published: November 2023

In the evolving panorama of societal progress, social entrepreneurship stands as a beacon of transformative change, embodying a nexus of innovation and altruism that galvanizes holistic development. Beginning with an in-depth examination of the Concept and Relevance of Social Entrepreneurship, we unveiled its unique positioning as a nexus where economic viability coexists with societal and environmental betterment. As we navigated through the Intersection of Social Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development, a promising landscape emerged, portraying a harmonious synergy of economic, social, and environmental stewardship that beckons a shift toward more inclusive growth narratives. Highlighting the role of Social Entrepreneurs as Catalysts for Change, the discourse illuminated their instrumental role in fostering social cohesion and economic revitalization, facilitating vital dialogues between communities and governance structures, and spearheading collaborative initiatives that fuel sustainable growth. Further, the dialogue delved into Community Empowerment, showcasing how social entrepreneurs foster vibrant platforms where communities actively steer their development trajectories. Nonetheless, the path is not without its hurdles, as encapsulated in the section discussing the Key Challenges in the Implementation of Social Entrepreneurship, a segment echoing the necessity for nuanced strategies to overcome barriers to scalability and impact. Peering into the horizon, the Future Direction of Social Entrepreneurship unfurls a canvas of opportunities, suggesting a promising alliance of technological advancements and altruistic pursuits, advocating for a future centered on universal prosperity and well-being. In conclusion, this exploration substantiates the significant imprint of social entrepreneurship in crafting a future where progress resonates with inclusivity, empathy, and sustainability, forging pathways towards a more harmonious and prosperous world.
Quadrinhos latino-americanos, esses desconhecidos
Authors: Santos Roberto Elísio dos
Published: November 2023

Faz a resenha do livro Comics beyond the page in Latin America.
Reduction in Insulin Uncovers a Novel Effect of VEGFB on Cardiac Substrate Utilization
Authors: Shang Rui , Lee Chae Syng , Wang Hualin , Dyer Roger , Noll Christophe , Carpentier André , Sultan Ibrahim , Alitalo Kari , Boushel Robert , Hussein Bahira , Rodrigues Brian
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

The heart relies heavily on external fatty acid (FA) for energy production. VEGFB (vascular endothelial growth factor B) has been shown to promote endothelial FA uptake by upregulating FA transporters. However, its impact on LPL (lipoprotein lipase)–mediated lipolysis of lipoproteins, a major source of FA for cardiac use, is unknown.

METHODS:

VEGFB transgenic (Tg) rats were generated by using the α-myosin heavy chain promoter to drive cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression. To measure coronary LPL activity, Langendorff hearts were perfused with heparin. In vivo positron emission tomography imaging with [
18
F]-triglyceride-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid and [
11
C]-palmitate was used to determine cardiac FA uptake. Mitochondrial FA oxidation was evaluated by high-resolution respirometry. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes, and cardiac function was monitored using echocardiography.

RESULTS:

In Tg hearts, the vectorial transfer of LPL to the vascular lumen is obstructed, resulting in LPL buildup within cardiomyocytes, an effect likely due to coronary vascular development with its associated augmentation of insulin action. With insulin insufficiency following fasting, VEGFB acted unimpeded to facilitate LPL movement and increase its activity at the coronary lumen. In vivo PET imaging following fasting confirmed that VEGFB induced a greater FA uptake to the heart from circulating lipoproteins as compared with plasma-free FAs. As this was associated with augmented mitochondrial oxidation, lipid accumulation in the heart was prevented. We further examined whether this property of VEGFB on cardiac metabolism could be useful following diabetes and its associated cardiac dysfunction, with attendant loss of metabolic flexibility. In Tg hearts, diabetes inhibited myocyte VEGFB gene expression and protein secretion together with its downstream receptor signaling, effects that could explain its lack of cardioprotection.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study highlights the novel role of VEGFB in LPL-derived FA supply and utilization. In diabetes, loss of VEGFB action may contribute toward metabolic inflexibility, lipotoxicity, and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Mental Health's Stalled (Biological) Revolution: Its Origins,
Aftermath & Future Opportunities
Authors: Harrington Anne
Published: November 2023

The 1980s, by common consensus, saw a big and remarkably rapid pivot away from previously dominant psychoanalytic and social science perspectives in American psychiatry and toward a so-called medical model foregrounding biology and the brain. The standard understanding is that this happened because, after years of wandering lost in a Freudian desert, the field had finally gained some fundamental new biological understandings of mental illness. The standard understanding is wrong. Nothing of sudden significance had happened on the biological front. There had been no major scientific or therapeutic breakthroughs. Why, then, did the field really pivot? This essay aims to explain. The answer is important, not least because choices made back then have directly shaped the fraught world of psychiatry with which we live today.
Two Sides of Depression: Medical & Social
Authors: Horwitz Allan V. , Wakefield Jerome C.
Published: November 2023

Two models have dominated portrayals of depression. The medical model views depression as a disease that has distinct symptoms with predictable courses and outcomes. It typically relies on brain-related explanations and responses, although many adherents also use social and psychological causes and treatments. A second model conceives of depression as the result of external stressors, loss events, and other problems of living that naturally subsides when these conditions improve. In this view, optimal responses lie in addressing the social conditions that underlie depressed states. In this essay, we examine how each edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) since DSM-III in 1980 has blurred the medical and social approaches and conceived of all sorts of depressive symptoms as needing medicinal responses. Although the distinction between the social and medical types is often difficult to make, it is an essential first step in developing accurate conceptions of the two sides of depression.
The Community of the Biographical Dictionary: Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ’s Ghunya
Authors: Safran Janina
Published: November 2023

Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ’s (d. 1149) Ghunya is a biographical dictionary of the scholars the Ceutan jurist studied with and an inventory of the texts he acquired through various modes of transmission. As a catalogue of authors, teachers, and texts, al-Ghunya describes a network of scholarship contemporary with the rise and fall of Almoravid rule, and a history of learning that extends back to the earliest days of Islam. The essay demonstrates the importance of scholarly lineages and how they overlapped with lineal and marital bonds and explores the affective dimension of scholarly affiliations, focusing on the text as an expression of community and a work of memory. The ways in which the text reflects and reinforces a metaphorical “kinship of learning” contributes to our understanding of social cohesion in the Almoravid era.
Women of Abencerrajes (Ibn al-Sarrāj): Kinship Strategies in Fifteenth Century Granada
Authors: Ženka Josef
Published: November 2023

This article deepens our understanding of kinship strategies in Fifteenth-century Granada in general and, in particular, among its ruling elite families. The newly accessible notarial documents from the hitherto ignored collection of the Archives of the Marquis of Santa Cruz contain a parchment with a donation and a sale contract produced by three generations of women from the legendary Banū al-Sarrāj (Abencerrajes) family. Through the analysis of this document, and of the context in which the Banū al-Sarrāj women lived and operated, the article argues that the ruling elite family in Granada at that time was a multi-generational household comprising relatives of consanguineal male and female descent and relatives by marriage. By studying the case of the Banū al-Sarrāj women from the perspective of this new document, it is possible to explore the reality of the ruling elite family, to distinguish between its branches and its head, and to deepen our understanding of family ties between various generations through the transfer of property and an understanding of the cohesion that existed between its women. An edition and a translation of the document are appended to the article.
Ibn ʿĀʾisha: Matrilineal Kinship, Naming Practices, and the Poetics of Marwanid Matrilineality
Authors: Pecorini Goodall Leone
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates the overlooked topic of maternal ties of kinship in Umayyad history through the case study of ʿĀʾisha bint Hishām ibn Ismāʿīl al-Makhzūmī, the mother of Hishām ibn ʿ⁠Abd al-Malik (r. 105–125/724–743). Using a range of primary sources, including annalistic, adab, and eschatological sources, as well as early Islamic poetry, it investigates the significance of matrilineal kinship and naming practices in the Marwanid period. ʿĀʾisha’s representations across sources illuminates how sources discuss caliphal mothers and the role of the matrilineal family in marriage and naming practices. A brief prosopographical analysis also demonstrates the widespread use of maternal names in early Islamic society – ʿĀʾisha is said to have named her son after her father. Early Islamic poets praised maternal kinship ties, indicating an appeal to caliphal constituents from the maternal family. Overall, by incorporating maternal ties of kinship into Marwanid history, we may gain a more complete understanding of early Islamic society.
The Roles of Refugee and Exchangee Associations in Greek and Turkish Civil Society
Authors: Işıkçı Doruk
Published: November 2023

Established by the descendants of those impacted by the 1922–23 forced migration/population exchange in Greece and Turkey, refugee and exchangee associations have become increasingly visible in both countries in recent decades. However, these associations have been the subject of surprisingly few studies from the perspectives of civil society and identity. Through a comparative examination backed up by fieldwork, this article suggests a reconsideration of the associations as dynamic and fluid units in dialogue with the past, present, and future. Furthermore, it argues that despite the similarity of the mechanisms through which refugee and exchangee identities were institutionalized and nationalized, they actually play different roles in Greek and Turkish civil society and should not be viewed as organizations with similar structures and experiences or as exact counterparts to one another. Their motivations, positions, and aspirations differ, as do the effects they have on the formation of refugee and exchangee identities.
Exploring Negative Teacher Behaviour towards Learners: The Long-Term Psycho-Emotional Effects
Authors: Louw Dap , Beyers Christa
Published: November 2023

The importance of teachers in a child’s development is well known. However, relatively little research has been conducted on their influence on a child’s psycho-emotional development, and almost none on long-term negative effects. This study aimed to add to the much-needed data in this regard. It focused on 115 respondents in Free State province, South Africa. The respondents consisted of primary and high school teachers, ranging in age from 20 to older than 65 (sd = 10.84). More female (n = 81, 70%) than male (n = 34, 30%) respondents participated, and most were white (n = 92, 80%). A mixed-methods research design was employed, making use of a self-compiled questionnaire. More than 50% of the respondents indicated that they continue to experience psycho-emotional impacts such as depression and feelings of inferiority inflicted by teachers many years prior. Limitations of the study are discussed, and recommendations are made on how to address this important problem.
The Digitalization of Minority Language Newspapers
Authors: Bober Sergiusz , Willis Craig
Published: November 2023

The aim of the present article is to analyse how selected minority language newspapers have been adopting to the challenges, as well as the opportunities linked to digitalization. This is approached in a long-term perspective, and thus also takes into account the most recent changes implemented as a response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The analysed outlets are Berria (a Basque language newspaper published in Spain), Der Nordschleswiger (a German language newspaper published in Denmark), Flensborg Avis (a Danish language newspaper published in Germany) and Nós Diario (a Galician language newspaper published in Spain). Each is characterized by a strong and multifaceted digital presence, in combination with the availability of a print edition albeit in varying frequency. The analysis is anchored in a broad theoretical reflection concerning the nexus between digitalization and minority language media, whereas methodologically it draws from three main sources: interviews with staff members of each newspaper, articles published by the newspapers in terms of self-reporting on the digitalization-related aspects, and available annual reports. With regard to the findings, the analysis paints a picture of the complex, long-term and continuous adaptation strategies of the considered newspapers to the digital context, with the pandemic period resulting in consolidation rather than in major modifications. Only in the case of Flensborg Avis can the issue of a relative deepening of the digital shift be mentioned, although this is also against the backdrop of previously initiated digitalization-related changes. Consequently, this comparative study offers a unique consideration of both kin and non- kin state situations, showing that certain trends can be observed in contrasting linguistic and institutional settings; however without identifying a clear best practice model.
Cultural Activities/ Facilities and the Media in the Context of European Minorities – International Developments in 2021
Authors: Riekkinen Mariya
Published: November 2023

The present article reviews international developments in 2021 which relate to cultural activities and facilities in the context of European minorities, not to mention mediarelated problems and– more broadly– freedom of expression. Among the highlights are the series of cases from the European Court of Human Rights; these specify the criteria for counteracting hate speech in public discourse and the rules for investigating alleged racial bias in the ill-treatment of members of national minorities by law enforcement bodies. The theme of strengthening the freedom of minority self-identification and pursuing two-way cultural exchange in diverse societies is also evident through the analysis of activities and the official documents issued by the UN Special Rapporteur on Cultural Rights, and monitoring organs within the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.
Compensation for Forced Sterilization in the Czech Republic: Reporting the Results of Romani Women’s Activism
Authors: Albert Gwendolyn
Published: November 2023

In August 2021, a law took effect in the Czech Republic to compensate people who had been sterilized on Czech territory without their informed consent between 1966 and 2012. This report, authored by an activist and ally who has assisted Romani women with advocating for compensation since 2004, will summarize the issue and describe the current state of the compensation process. Efforts to end these human rights violations have been underway almost since these practices were first reported in the 1970s in the former Czechoslovakia, and these recent developments represent an important breakthrough for civil society, enforcement of human rights, and Romani people. The compensation process opened on 1 January 2022 and will close on 1 January 2025; this report will review its strengths and weaknesses to date.
The Textual Features and Narrative Strategies of Michael Ondaatje’s ‘Jazz Novel’: A Stylistic Interpretation of Coming through Slaughter
Authors: Liu Dan
Published: November 2023

The novel Coming through Slaughter (1976), a story of a talented musician’s pursuit of real art and the true self, is based on Buddy Bolden, a jazz cornet player from New Orleans, Louisiana, in early twentieth-century America. Author Michael Ondaatje shows his originality in creating a ‘jazz novel’ that transcends the boundary between music and literature, in which three jazz-like features – collage, improvisation, and intersubjectivity – are embodied in characterization, theme presentation, and narration. By virtue of the unique free elements of jazz, Ondaatje maximizes the postmodern features of the novel and vividly depicts the complex subjectivity of the characters.
Is Climate Emergency a Constitutional Emergency?
Authors: Gallarati Francesco
Published: November 2023

More than 2,000 public authorities worldwide have to date declared a “climate emergency”. Can these declarations be framed within the constitutional category of emergency? And what legal consequences do they entail? To answer these questions, this paper confronts the basic features of constitutional emergencies, as arising from legal scholarship and contemporary Constitutions, with the characteristics of the climate issue. The conclusion is that climate change cannot be framed within the category of constitutional emergency, but rather in that of constitutional crisis, as it does not require a temporary suspension of the constitutional order but a structural modification of it.
Description of a new species and a new group of Salassa Moore, 1859 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) with a molecular study based on partial COI
Authors: ZHENG XUHONGYI , WANG DONG
Published: November 2023

Salassa is a genus of the family Saturniidae. It comprises over 30 species that are widely distributed in Asia. This study describes a new species, Salassa sunwukongi sp. nov., found in Chinese Yunnan province. The first molecular study of Salassa was conducted using COI fragments. Molecular and morphological analyses revealed the presence of a monophyletic group, royi-group, distributed in the Himalayas. A key to members of the royi-group, along with species lists and distinguishing characteristics of all three groups of Salassa, is provided.
Taxonomic reassessment of Tetrapygus niger (Arbacioida, Echinoidea): molecular and morphological evidence support its placement in Arbacia
Authors: COURVILLE ERWAN , POULIN ELIE , SAUCEDE THOMAS , MOOI RICH , LESSIOS HARILAOS , SALINAS ANDREA MARTÍNEZ , DIAZ ANGIE
Published: November 2023

The echinoid genus Tetrapygus was initially described by L. Agassiz (1841) based on a single species, Tetrapygus niger Molina, 1782. Since the extensive work conducted by Mortensen (1935), Tetrapygus has received limited taxonomic attention over the past century. Recent discoveries of new fossil species of Arbacia Gray, 1835 from the upper Pliocene of northern Chile revealed striking morphological similarities between the two distinct Arbaciidae genera Arbacia and Tetrapygus. These findings compelled new investigations to evaluate the taxonomic status of these genera. Based on molecular mitochondrial (COI), nuclear (28S), and morphological evidence, Tetrapygus niger is here recovered as the sister species to Arbacia dufresnii, both species forming a clade within the phylogeny of South American species of Arbacia. Consequently, the diagnosis and description of Tetrapygus niger are here revised, and the species is reattributed to Arbacia, as previously proposed by A. Agassiz in Agassiz & Desor (1846) under the species name Arbacia nigra. An emended diagnosis of Arbacia is also proposed in light of these new findings.
Oceanic Validation of IMERG-GMI Version 6 Precipitation Using the GPM Validation Network
Authors: Watters Daniel C. , Gatlin Patrick N. , Bolvin David T. , Huffman George J. , Joyce Robert , Kirstetter Pierre , Nelkin Eric J. , Ringerud Sarah , Tan Jackson , Wang Jianxin , Wolff David
Published: November 2023

NASA’s multisatellite precipitation product from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) product, is validated over tropical and high-latitude oceans from June 2014 to August 2021. This oceanic study uses the GPM Validation Network’s island-based radars to assess IMERG when the GPM Core Observatory’s Microwave Imager (GMI) observes precipitation at these sites (i.e., IMERG-GMI). Error tracing from the Level 3 (gridded) IMERG V06B product back through to the input Level 2 (satellite footprint) Goddard Profiling Algorithm GMI V05 climate (GPROF-CLIM) product quantifies the errors separately associated with each step in the gridding and calibration of the estimates from GPROF-CLIM to IMERG-GMI. Mean relative bias results indicate that IMERG-GMI V06B overestimates Alaskan high-latitude oceanic precipitation by +147% and tropical oceanic precipitation by +12% with respect to surface radars. GPROF-CLIM V05 overestimates Alaskan oceanic precipitation by +15%, showing that the IMERG algorithm’s calibration adjustments to the input GPROF-CLIM precipitation estimates increase the mean relative bias in this region. In contrast, IMERG adjustments are minimal over tropical waters with GPROF-CLIM overestimating oceanic precipitation by +14%. This study discovered that the IMERG V06B gridding process incorrectly geolocated GPROF-CLIM V05 precipitation estimates by 0.1° eastward in the latitude band 75°N–75°S, which has been rectified in the IMERG V07 algorithm. Correcting for the geolocation error in IMERG-GMI V06B improved oceanic statistics, with improvements greater in tropical waters than Alaskan waters. This error tracing approach enables a high-precision diagnosis of how different IMERG algorithm steps contribute to and mitigate errors, demonstrating the importance of collaboration between evaluation studies and algorithm developers.

Significance Statement

Evaluation of IMERG’s oceanic performance is very limited to date. This study uses the GPM Validation Network to conduct the first extensive assessment of IMERG V06B at its native resolution over both high-latitude and tropical oceans, and traces errors in IMERG-GMI back through to the input GPROF-CLIM GMI product. IMERG-GMI overestimates tropical oceanic precipitation (+12%) and strongly overestimates Alaskan oceanic precipitation (+147%) with respect to the island-based radars studied. IMERG’s GMI estimates are assessed as these should be the optimal estimates within the multisatellite product due to the GMI’s status as calibrator of the GPM passive microwave constellation.
COVID-19 and Social Distancing: A Cross-Cultural Study of Interpersonal Distance Preferences and Touch Behaviors Before and During the Pandemic
Authors: Croy Ilona , Heller Carina , Akello Grace , Anjum Afifa , Atama Chiemezie , Avsec Andreja , Bizumic Boris , Borges Rodrigues Ricardo , Boussena Mahmoud , Butovskaya Marina , Can Seda , Cetinkaya Hakan , Contreras-Garduño Jorge , Costa Lopes Rui , Czub Marcin , Demuthova Slavka , Dronova Daria , Dural Seda , Eya Oliver Ifeanyi , Fatma Mokadem , Frackowiak Tomasz , Guemaz Farida , Hromatko Ivana , Kafetsios Konstantinos , Kavčič Tina , Khilji Imran , Kruk Magdalena , Lazăr Cătălin , Lindholm Torun , Londero-Santos Amanda , Monaghan Conal , Shahid Anam , Musil Bojan , Natividade Jean Carlos , Oberzaucher Elisabeth , Oleszkiewicz Anna , Onyishi Ike E. , Onyishi Charity , Pagani Ariela F. , Parise Miriam , Pisanski Katarzyna , Plohl Nejc , Popa Camelia , Prokop Pavol , Rizwan Muhammad , Sainz Mario , Sargautytė Rūta , Sharad Shivantika , Valentova Jaroslava , Varella Marco , Yakhlef Belkacem , Yoo Gyesook , Zager Kocjan Gaja , Zupančič Maja , Sorokowska Agnieszka
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the introduction of unprecedented safety measures, one of them being physical distancing recommendations. Here, we assessed whether the pandemic has led to long-term effects on two important physical distancing aspects, namely interpersonal distance preferences and interpersonal touch behaviors. We analyzed nearly 14,000 individual cases from two large, cross-cultural surveys – the first conducted 2 years prior to the pandemic and the second during a relatively stable period of a decreased infection rate in May-June 2021. Preferred interpersonal distances increased by 54% globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. This increase was observable across all types of relationships, all countries, and was more pronounced in individuals with higher self-reported vulnerability to diseases. Unexpectedly, participants reported a higher incidence of interpersonal touch behaviors during than before the pandemic. We discuss our results in the context of prosocial and self-protection motivations that potentially promote different social behaviors.
Evaluating online health information quality using machine learning and deep learning: A systematic literature review
Authors: Baqraf Yousef Khamis Ahmed , Keikhosrokiani Pantea , Al-Rawashdeh Manal
Published: November 2023

Background

Due to the large volume of online health information, while quality remains dubious, understanding the usage of artificial intelligence to evaluate health information and surpass human-level performance is crucial. However, the existing studies still need a comprehensive review highlighting the vital machine, and Deep learning techniques for the automatic health information evaluation process.

Objective

Therefore, this study outlines the most recent developments and the current state of the art regarding evaluating the quality of online health information on web pages and specifies the direction of future research.

Methods

In this article, a systematic literature is conducted according to the PRISMA statement in eight online databases PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, ACM, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, Emerald Insight, and Web of Science to identify all empirical studies that use machine and deep learning models for evaluating the online health information quality. Furthermore, the selected techniques are compared based on their characteristics, such as health quality criteria, quality measurement tools, algorithm type, and achieved performance.

Results

The included papers evaluate health information on web pages using over 100 quality criteria. The results show no universal quality dimensions used by health professionals and machine or deep learning practitioners while evaluating health information quality. In addition, the metrics used to assess the model performance are not the same as those used to evaluate human performance.

Conclusions

This systemic review offers a novel perspective in approaching the health information quality in web pages that can be used by machine and deep learning practitioners to tackle the problem more effectively.
Choice of primer pairs and PCR polymerase affect the detection of fish eDNA
Authors: Min Xingyue , Li Feilong , Zhang Xinfei , Guo Fen , Zhang Fan , Zhang Yuan
Published: November 2023

Efficient biomonitoring is essential for fish protection and management. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has become a promising tool for fish surveys, and its accuracy and robustness are closely related to the primer pairs and DNA polymerases, especially for different environmental samples. However, there is still a lack of sufficient efforts to assess the effects of both two factors on fish biomonitoring. Here, we selected ten primer pairs in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene region and three commercial DNA polymerases and analyzed their effects on fish eDNA monitoring in surface water and sediment samples of Dianchi Lake. We found that primer pairs and DNA polymerases significantly affected fish biomonitoring in surface water and sediments of Dianchi Lake. First, there were significant variations in annotated fish eDNA sequences in different groups of primer pairs and DNA polymerases, the percentage of fish sequences amplified by the groups related to primers Riaz-12S and 12S-V5 was more than 90% of the total sequences. Second, the composition of different classification levels of fish taxa varied considerably across groups of primer pairs and DNA polymerases, and the groups related to primers Riaz-12S (i.e., Taq Master‒Riaz-12S, Rapid Taq‒Riaz-12S) and 12S-V5 (i.e., Taq Master‒12S-V5, Rapid Taq‒12S-V5) identified more taxa than other groups. Third, primer pairs had greater impacts on the structure of fish communities than DNA polymerases, and the interactions between two factors had more significant effects than any single one. This study highlights that primer pairs and DNA polymerases play critical roles in fish biomonitoring, and this work aimed to provide methodological guidance for assisting the design of the fish eDNA survey scheme.