bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modular-based psychotherapy (MoBa) versus cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) for patients with depression, comorbidities and a history of childhood maltreatment: study protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Elsaesser Moritz , Herpertz Sabine , Piosczyk Hannah , Jenkner Carolin , Hautzinger Martin , Schramm Elisabeth
Published: July 2022

Introduction

In depression treatment, most patients do not reach response or remission with current psychotherapeutic approaches. Major reasons for individual non-response are interindividual heterogeneity of etiological mechanisms and pathological forms, and a high rate of comorbid disorders. Personalised treatments targeting comorbidities as well as underlying transdiagnostic mechanisms and factors like early childhood maltreatment may lead to better outcomes. A modular-based psychotherapy (MoBa) approach provides a treatment model of independent and flexible therapy elements within a systematic treatment algorithm to combine and integrate existing evidence-based approaches. By optimally tailoring module selection and application to the specific needs of each patient, MoBa has great potential to improve the currently unsatisfying results of psychotherapy as a bridge between disorder-specific and personalised approaches.

Methods and analysis

In a randomised controlled feasibility trial, N=70 outpatients with episodic or persistent major depression, comorbidity and childhood maltreatment are treated in 20 individual sessions with MoBa or standard cognitive–behavioural therapy for depression. The three modules of MoBa focus on deficits associated with early childhood maltreatment: the systems of negative valence, social processes and arousal. According to a specific questionnaire-based treatment algorithm, elements from cognitive behavioural analysis system of psychotherapy, mentalisation-based psychotherapy and/or mindfulness-based cognitive therapy are integrated for a personalised modular procedure.

As a proof of concept, this trial will provide evidence for the feasibility and efficacy (post-treatment and 6-month follow-up) of a modular add-on approach for patients with depression, comorbidities and a history of childhood maltreatment. Crucial feasibility aspects include targeted psychopathological mechanisms, selection (treatment algorithm), sequence and application of modules, as well as training and supervision of the study therapists.

Ethics and dissemination

This study obtained approval from the independent Ethics Committees of the University of Freiburg and the University of Heidelberg. All findings will be disseminated broadly via peer-reviewed articles in scientific journals and contributions to national and international conferences.

Trial registration number

DRKS00022093.
COVID-safe behaviour before, during and after a youth mass gathering event: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Rathbone Joanne A , Stevens Mark , Cruwys Tegan , Ferris Laura J
Published: July 2022

Objective

As mass gathering events resume in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a pressing need to understand (a) engagement in COVID-safe behaviour at these events and (b) how attending a mass gathering impacts subsequent behaviours. This study examined anticipated COVID-safe behaviour before, during, and after a youth mass gathering event.

Design

Longitudinal cohort study.

Setting

Self-report data were collected online at five timepoints from secondary-school graduates participating in celebrations linked to an annual week-long youth mass gathering event in Australia.

Participants

Australian secondary-school graduates completed surveys before the event (N=397), on days 1 (N=183), 3 (N=158) and 5 (N=163) of the event, and 3 weeks after the event (N=140). Of those who completed the first survey, 72 indicated they would attend a primary mass gathering site where the largest mass gathering of graduates in Australia occurs in a typical (non-pandemic) year; 325 indicated they would be celebrating at other locations (ie, secondary sites).

Primary outcome measures

Anticipated COVID-safe behaviour: physical distancing from friends and strangers and additional protective behaviours (hand hygiene and mask wearing).

Results

At all timepoints, participants anticipated maintaining appropriate (>1.5 m) physical distance from strangers, but not from friends (<0.5 m). Attendees at the primary site reported less physical distancing from friends over time throughout the mass gathering, χ2(4)=16.89, p=0.002. Physical distancing from strangers, χ2(4)=26.93, p<0.001, and additional protective behaviours, χ2(4)=221.23, p<0.001, also declined across the mass gathering among both groups. These reductions in COVID-safe behaviour were significant and enduring, with all declines persisting at follow-up.

Conclusion

It is critical that public health messaging and interventions emphasise the risks of disease transmission arising from other attendees who are known to us during mass gathering events, and that such messaging is sustained during and following the event to combat reductions in COVID-safe behaviour.
School-to-work and school-to-university transition and health inequalities among young adults: a scoping review
Authors: Matos Fialho Paula Mayara , Dragano Nico , Reuter Marvin , Deindl Christian , Schleberger Sarah , Metzendorf Maria-Inti , Hoffmann Stephanie , Diehl Katharina , Wachtler Benjamin , Schüttig Wiebke , Herke Max , Richter Matthias , Pischke Claudia R
Published: July 2022

Objectives

The main objective was to systematically map evidence regarding the emergence of health inequalities in individuals aged 16–24 years during school-to-work and school-to-university transition (STWT). Second, we aimed to summarise the evidence on potential effects of contextual and compositional characteristics of specific institutional contexts entered during STWT on health and health behaviours.

Design

Scoping review.

Study selection

Relevant literature was systematically searched following the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. Ovid MEDLINE and Web of Science, and websites of the International Labour Organization and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health were searched, using a predetermined search strategy. Articles in English or German published between 1 January 2000 and 3 February 2020 were considered.

Data extraction

To collect the main information from the selected studies, a data extraction spreadsheet was created. Data were summarised and grouped into five health outcomes and five institutional contexts (school, vocational training, university, work, unemployment).

Results

A total of 678 articles were screened for inclusion. To be able to draw a picture of the development of various health outcomes over time, we focused on longitudinal studies. Forty-six prospective studies mapping health-related outcomes during STWT were identified. Higher family socioeconomic position (SEP) was associated with higher levels of health behaviour and lower levels of health-damaging behaviour, but there was also some evidence pointing in the opposite direction. Disadvantaged family SEP negatively impacted on mental health and predicted an adverse weight development. There was limited evidence for the outcomes physical/somatic symptoms and self-rated health. Meso-level characteristics of the institutional contexts identified were not systematically assessed, only individual-level factors resulting from an exposure to these contexts, rendering an analysis of effects of contextual and compositional characteristics on health and health behaviours impossible.

Conclusions

This scoping review demonstrated a wide range of health inequalities during STWT for various health outcomes. However, knowledge on the role of the core institutional contexts regarding the development of health inequalities is limited.
Differences in self-reported health between cardiac arrest survivors with good cerebral performance and survivors with moderate cerebral disability: a nationwide register study
Authors: Larsson Karin , Hjelm Carina , Lilja Gisela , Strömberg Anna , Årestedt Kristofer
Published: July 2022

Objective

The aim was to compare self-reported health between cardiac arrest survivors with good cerebral performance (CPC 1) and survivors with moderate cerebral disability (CPC 2).

Methods

This comparative register study was based on nationwide data from the Swedish Register of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. The study included 2058 in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors with good cerebral performance or survivors with moderate cerebral disability, 3–6 months postcardiac arrest. Survivors completed a questionnaire including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and EQ-5D five-levels (EQ-5D-5L). Data were analysed using ordinal and linear regression models.

Results

For all survivors, the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms measured by the HADS was 14% and 13%, respectively. Using the EQ-5D-5L, the cardiac arrest survivors reported most health problems relating to pain/discomfort (57%), followed by anxiety/depression (47%), usual activities (46%), mobility (40%) and self-care (18%). Compared with the survivors with good cerebral performance, survivors with moderate cerebral disability reported significantly higher symptom levels of anxiety and depression measured with HADS, and poorer health in all dimensions of the EQ-5D-5L after adjusting for age, sex, place of cardiac arrest, aetiology and initial rhythm (p<0.001).

Conclusions

These findings stress the importance of screening for health problems in all cardiac arrest survivors to identify those in need of professional support and rehabilitation, independent on neurological outcome.
Evaluation of needs and supply of emergency care in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional household survey
Authors: Diango Ken , Yangongo John , Sistenich Vera , Hodkinson Peter , Mafuta Eric , Wallis Lee
Published: July 2022

Objective

Emergency care can address over half of deaths occurring each year in low-income countries. A baseline evaluation of the specific needs and gaps in the supply of emergency care at community level could help tailor suitable interventions in such settings. This study evaluates access to, utilisation of, and barriers to emergency care in the city of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Design

A cross-sectional, community-based household survey.

Setting

12 health zones in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Participants

Three-stage randomised cluster sampling was used to identify approximately 100 households in each of the 12 clusters, for a total of 1217 households. The head of each household or an adult representative responded on behalf of the household. Additional 303 respondents randomly selected in the households were interviewed regarding their personal reasons for not accessing emergency care.

Primary outcome

Availability and utilisation of emergency care services.

Results

In August 2021, 1217 households encompassing 6560 individuals were surveyed (response rate of 96.2%). Most households were economically disadvantaged (70.0% lived with <US$100 per person per month) and had no health insurance (98.4%) in a country using a fee-for-service healthcare payment system. An emergency visit in the last 12 months was reported in 52.6% of households. Ambulance utilisation was almost non-existent (0.2%) and access to health facilities for emergencies was mostly by walking (60.6% and 56.7% by day and night, respectively). Death in the last 12 months was reported in 12.8% of households, of which 20.6% occurred out-of-hospital with no care received within 24 hours prior to death. Self-medication (71.3%) and the expected high cost of care (19.5%) were the main reasons for unmet emergency care needs.

Conclusion

There is a substantial gap in the supply of emergency care in Kinshasa, with several unmet needs and reasons for poor access identified.
Development of an imputation model to recalibrate birth weights measured in the early neonatal period to time at delivery and assessment of its impact on size-for-gestational age and low birthweight prevalence estimates: a secondary analysis of a pregnancy cohort in rural Nepal
Authors: Hazel Elizabeth A , Mullany Luke C , Zeger Scott L , Mohan Diwakar , Subedi Seema , Tielsch James M , Khatry Subarna K , Katz Joanne
Published: July 2022

Objectives

In low-income countries, birth weights for home deliveries are often measured at the nadir when babies may lose up of 10% of their birth weight, biasing estimates of small-for-gestational age (SGA) and low birth weight (LBW). We aimed to develop an imputation model that predicts the ‘true’ birth weight at time of delivery.

Design

We developed and applied a model that recalibrates weights measured in the early neonatal period to time=0 at delivery and uses those recalibrated birth weights to impute missing birth weights.

Setting

This is a secondary analysis of pregnancy cohort data from two studies in Sarlahi district, Nepal.

Participants

The participants are 457 babies with daily weights measured in the first 10 days of life from a subsample of a larger clinical trial on chlorhexidine (CHX) neonatal skin cleansing and 31 116 babies followed through the neonatal period to test the impact of neonatal massage oil type (Nepal Oil Massage Study (NOMS)).

Outcome measures

We developed an empirical Bayes model of early neonatal weight change using CHX trial longitudinal data and applied it to the NOMS dataset to recalibrate and then impute birth weight at delivery. The outcomes are size-for-gestational age and LBW.

Results

When using the imputed birth weights, the proportion of SGA is reduced from 49% (95% CI: 48% to 49%) to 44% (95% CI: 43% to 44%). Low birth weight is reduced from 30% (95% CI: 30% to 31%) to 27% (95% CI: 26% to 27%). The proportion of babies born large-for-gestational age increased from 4% (95% CI: 4% to 4%) to 5% (95% CI: 5% to 5%).

Conclusions

Using weights measured around the nadir overestimates the prevalence of SGA and LBW. Studies in low-income settings with high levels of home births should consider a similar recalibration and imputation model to generate more accurate population estimates of small and vulnerable newborns.
Investigating service delivery and perinatal outcomes during the low prevalence first year of COVID-19 in a multiethnic Australian population: a cohort study
Authors: Melov Sarah J , Elhindi James , McGee Therese M , Lee Vincent W , Cheung N Wah , Chua Seng Chai , McNab Justin , Alahakoon Thushari I , Pasupathy Dharmintra
Published: July 2022

Objective

Investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perinatal outcomes in an Australian high migrant and low COVID-19 prevalent population to identify if COVID-19 driven health service changes and societal influences impact obstetric and perinatal outcomes.

Design

Retrospective cohort study with pre COVID-19 period 1 January 2018–31 January 2020, and first year of global COVID-19 period 1 February 2020–31 January 2021. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted adjusting for confounders including age, area-level socioeconomic status, gestation, parity, ethnicity and body mass index.

Setting

Obstetric population attending three public hospitals including a major tertiary referral centre in Western Sydney, Australia.

Participants

Women who delivered with singleton pregnancies over 20 weeks gestation. Ethnically diverse women, 66% overseas born. There were 34 103 births in the district that met inclusion criteria: before COVID-19 n=23 722, during COVID-19 n=10 381.

Main outcome measures

Induction of labour, caesarean section delivery, iatrogenic and spontaneous preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA), composite neonatal adverse outcome and full breastfeeding at hospital discharge.

Results

During the first year of COVID-19, there was no change for induction of labour (adjusted OR, aOR 0.97; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.02, p=0.26) and a 25% increase in caesarean section births (aOR 1.25; 95% CI 1.19 to 1.32, p<0.001). During the COVID-19 period, we found no change in iatrogenic preterm births (aOR 0.94; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.09) but a 15% reduction in spontaneous preterm birth (aOR 0.85; 95% CI 0.75 to 0.97, p=0.02) and a 10% reduction in SGA infants at birth (aOR 0.90; 95% CI 0.82 to 0.99, p=0.02). Composite adverse neonatal outcomes were marginally higher (aOR 1.08; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.15, p=0.04) and full breastfeeding rates at hospital discharge reduced by 15% (aOR 0.85; 95% CI 0.80 to 0.90, p<0.001).

Conclusion

Despite a low prevalence of COVID-19, both positive and adverse obstetric outcomes were observed that may be related to changes in service delivery and interaction with healthcare providers. Further research is suggested to understand the drivers for these changes.
The impact of drug error reduction software on preventing harmful adverse drug events in England: a retrospective database study
Authors: Sutherland Adam , Gerrard William S , Patel Arif , Randall Michelle , Weston Emma
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The use of intravenous administration systems with dose error reduction software (DERS) is advocated to mitigate avoidable medication harm. No large-scale analysis of UK data has been attempted. This retrospective descriptive study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hard limit events and to estimate the potential severity of DERS events.

Method

Twelve months of DERS data was obtained from two NHS trusts in England. Definitions for drug categories and clinical areas were standardised and an algorithm developed to extract hard maximum (HMX) events. Subject matter experts (SMEs) were asked to rate severity of all HMX events on a scale of 0 (no harm) to 10 (death). These were analysed by clinical area and drug category, per 1000 administrations.

Results

A total of 745 170 infusions were administered over 644 052 patient bed days (PBDs). 45% of these (338 263) were administered with DERS enabled. HMX event incidence across the whole dataset was 17.9/1000 administrations (95% CI 17.5 to 18.4); 9.4/1000 PBDs (95% CI 9.2 to 9.7). 6067 HMX events were identified. 4604 were <2-fold deviations and excluded. HMX were identified in all drug categories. The highest incidence was antibacterial drugs (2.21%; 95% CI 2.13 to 2.29). Of the 1415 HMX events reviewed by SMEs, 747 (52.6%) were low/no harm. Drugs with greatest potential harm were antiarrhythmics (21.8/1000 administrations; 95% CI 16.3 to 29.1), parenteral anticoagulants (24.16/1000 administrations; 95% CI 15.3 to 37.9) and antiepileptics (20.86/1000 administrations; 95% CI 16.4 to 26.5). DERS has prevented severe harm or death in 110 patients in these hospitals. Medical and paediatric areas had higher prevalence of potentially harmful HMX events, but these were probably related to profile design.

Conclusion

Compliance with DERS in this study was 45%. DERS events are common, but potential harm is rare. DERS events are not related to specific clinical areas. There are some issues with definition and design of drug profiles that may cause DERS events, thus future work should focus on implementation and data standardisation for future large-scale analysis.
Aetiology, diagnosis and management of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
Authors: Ahmed Jabed Foyez , Padam Pritpal , Ruban Aruchuna
Published: July 2022

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is a small bowel disorder characterised by excessive amounts of bacteria populating the small intestine leading to symptoms of abdominal pain, bloating and change in bowel habit. This creates some degree of diagnostic uncertainty due to the overlap of these symptoms with numerous other gastrointestinal conditions. Quantitative culture of jejunal aspirates is the gold standard diagnostic test but has largely been replaced by glucose and lactulose breath tests due to their relative ease and accessibility. The approach to treatment centres around reducing bacterial numbers through antibiotic therapy and managing any predisposing factors. Further research is required in order to define the optimum antibiotic choice and duration of therapy as well as the potential diagnostic utility of home breath testing and capsule-based technology.
Cancer as microenvironmental, systemic and environmental diseases: opportunity for transdisciplinary microbiomics science
Authors: Inamura Kentaro , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Bullman Susan , Ugai Tomotaka , Yachida Shinichi , Ogino Shuji
Published: July 2022

Cancer is generally regarded as a localised disease, with the well-established role of the tumour microenvironment. However, the realm of cancer goes beyond the tumour microenvironment, and cancer should also be regarded as a systemic and environmental disease. The exposome (ie,the totality of exposures), which encompasses diets, supplements, smoking, alcohol, other lifestyle factors, medications,etc, likely alters the microbiome (inclusive of bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi, parasites,etc) and immune system in various body sites and influences tumour phenotypes. The systemic metabolic/inflammatory status, which is likely influenced by exposures and intestinal physiological changes, may affect tissue microenvironment of colorectum and any other organs. Germline genomic factors can modify disease phenotypesviagene-by-environment interactions. Although challenges exist, it is crucial to advance not only basic experimental research that can analyse the effects of exposures, microorganisms and microenvironmental components on tumour evolution but also interdisciplinary human population research that can dissect the complex pathogenic roles of the exposome, microbiome and immunome. Metagenomic, metatranscriptomic and metabolomic analyses should be integrated into well-designed population research combined with advanced methodologies of artificial intelligence and molecular pathological epidemiology. Ideally, a prospective cohort study design that enables biospecimen (such as stool) collection before disease detection should be considered to address reverse causation and recall biases. Robust experimental and observational research together can provide insights into dynamic interactions between environmental exposures, microbiota, tumour and immunity during carcinogenesis processes, thereby helping us develop precision prevention and therapeutic strategies to ultimately reduce the cancer burden.
Faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) in patients with signs or symptoms of suspected colorectal cancer (CRC): a joint guideline from the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI) and the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG)
Authors: Monahan Kevin J , Davies Michael M , Abulafi Muti , Banerjea Ayan , Nicholson Brian D , Arasaradnam Ramesh , Barker Neil , Benton Sally , Booth Richard , Burling David , Carten Rachel Victoria , D'Souza Nigel , East James Edward , Kleijnen Jos , Machesney Michael , Pettman Maria , Pipe Jenny , Saker Lance , Sharp Linda , Stephenson James , Steele Robert JC
Published: July 2022

Faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) has a high sensitivity for the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). In a symptomatic population FIT may identify those patients who require colorectal investigation with the highest priority. FIT offers considerable advantages over the use of symptoms alone, as an objective measure of risk with a vastly superior positive predictive value for CRC, while conversely identifying a truly low risk cohort of patients. The aim of this guideline was to provide a clear strategy for the use of FIT in the diagnostic pathway of people with signs or symptoms of a suspected diagnosis of CRC. The guideline was jointly developed by the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland/British Society of Gastroenterology, specifically by a 21-member multidisciplinary guideline development group (GDG). A systematic review of 13 535 publications was undertaken to develop 23 evidence and expert opinion-based recommendations for the triage of people with symptoms of a suspected CRC diagnosis in primary care. In order to achieve consensus among a broad group of key stakeholders, we completed an extended Delphi of the GDG, and also 61 other individuals across the UK and Ireland, including by members of the public, charities and primary and secondary care. Seventeen research recommendations were also prioritised to inform clinical management.
Safety, immunological effects and clinical response in a phase I trial of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with treatment refractory SLE
Authors: Kamen Diane L , Wallace Caroline , Li Zihai , Wyatt Megan , Paulos Crystal , Wei Chungwen , Wang Hongjun , Wolf Bethany J , Nietert Paul J , Gilkeson Gary
Published: July 2022

Background

Reports of clinical improvement following mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) infusions in refractory lupus patients at a single centre in China led us to perform an explorative phase I trial of umbilical cord derived MSCs in patients refractory to 6 months of immunosuppressive therapy.

Methods

Six women with a SLEDAI >6, having failed standard of care therapy, received one intravenous infusion of 1×106MSCs/kg of body weight. They maintained their current immunosuppressives, but their physician was allowed to adjust corticosteroids initially for symptom management. The clinical endpoint was an SRI of 4 with no new British Isles Lupus Activity Guide (BILAG) As and no increase in Physician Global Assessment score of >0.3 with tapering of prednisone to 10 mg or less by 20 weeks.

Results

Of six patients, five (83.3%; 95% CI 35.9% to 99.6%) achieved the clinical endpoint of an SRI of 4. Adverse events were minimal. Mechanistic studies revealed significant reductions in CD27IgD double negative B cells, switched memory B cells and activated naïve B cells, with increased transitional B cells in the five patients who met the endpoint. There was a trend towards decreased autoantibody levels in specific patients. Two patients had increases in their Helios+Treg cells, but no other significant T cell changes were noted. GARP-TGFβ complexes were significantly increased following the MSC infusions. The B cell changes and the GARP-TGFβ increases significantly correlated with changes in SLEDAI scores.

Conclusion

This phase 1 trial suggests that umbilical cord (UC) MSC infusions are very safe and may have efficacy in lupus. The B cell and GARP-TGFβ changes provide novel insight into mechanisms by which MSCs may impact disease.

Trial registration number

NCT03171194.
Formation of double-layers and super-solitons in a six-component cometary dusty plasma
Authors: Abulwafa Essam M. , Elhanbaly Atalla M. , Bedeir Ahmed M. , Mahmoud Abeer A.
Published: July 2022

The formation and main features of the fully nonlinear structure in a six-component dusty plasma system have been investigated using Sagdeev potential approach. By means of pseudo-potential technique, the fluid equations describing the plasma system were diminished into a single nonlinear differential equation, called energy equation modified by presenting the parameters of addition plasma components. For certain values of the configurationally plasma parameters, our findings show that in addition to the solitary waves, double-layers and super-solitons exist and propagate in this plasma system. The main features of these waves have been studied by investigating the associated phase-portrait trajectories and potential curves as well and are found to be very sensitive to the variation of these parameters. The obtained results are mainly relevant to the cometary plasma and it may also provide better and helpful understanding of the nonlinear nature of space, astrophysical and cometary plasmas.

Graphical abstract

The formation and main features of the fully nonlinear structure in a six-component dusty plasma system have been investigated using Sagdeev potential approach. By means of pseudo-potential technique, the fluid equations describing the plasma system were diminished into a single nonlinear differential equation, called energy equation modified by presenting the parameters of addition plasma components. For certain values of the configurationally plasma parameters, our findings show that in addition to the solitary waves, double-layers and super-solitons exist and propagate in this plasma system. The main features of these waves have been studied by investigating the associated phase-portrait trajectories and potential curves as well and are found to be very sensitive to the variation of these parameters.
Maximizing friction by liquid flow clogging in confinement
Authors: Chen Shan , Guo Zhenjiang , Zhang Hongguang , Pagonabarraga Ignacio , Zhang Xianren
Published: July 2022

In the nanoscale regime, flow behaviors for liquids show qualitative deviations from bulk expectations. In this work, we reveal by molecular dynamics simulations that plug flow down to nanoscale induces molecular friction that leads to a new flow structure due to the molecular clogging of the encaged liquid. This plug-like nanoscale liquid flow shows several features differ from the macroscopic plug flow and Poiseuille flow: It leads to enhanced liquid/solid friction, producing a friction of several order of magnitude larger than that of Couette flow; the friction enhancement is sensitively dependent of the liquid column length and the wettability of the solid substrates; it leads to the local compaction of liquid molecules that may induce solidification phenomenon for a long liquid column.

Graphical abstract
Darboux transformation, bright and dark–bright solitons of an N-coupled high-order nonlinear Schrödinger system in an optical fiber
Authors: Wu Xi-Hu , Gao Yi-Tian , Yu Xin , Ding Cui-Cui , Liu Fei-Yan , Jia Ting-Ting
Published: July 2022

In this paper, an [Formula: see text]-coupled high-order nonlinear Schrödinger system, which describes the properties of the ultrashort optical pulses in an optical fiber, is investigated with the Darboux transformation (DT) method and asymptotic analysis. Starting from the given [Formula: see text]th-order Lax pair, we construct a new form of the DT (with some complex eigenfunctions of a Lax pair involved) to derive the formulas of the [Formula: see text]th-iterated solutions, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the positive integers. On the zero background, the first- and second-order solitons are obtained and analyzed through the asymptotic analysis. Multi-parameter adjustment is proceeded since there are [Formula: see text] real parameters in the second-order solitons. We find that under certain conditions each of the two interaction patterns (elastic and/or inelastic) holds in the second-order solitons. On the plane wave background, the first-order bright and dark–bright solitons are obtained. Velocities, amplitudes, widths and characteristic lines of the first-order bright and dark–bright solitons are presented and analyzed.
Numerical simulation of binder curing on the penetration in sand bed
Authors: Yang Weidong , Xian Hongxuan , Zhu Dongbin , Wang Yuanyuan , Shi Yubing
Published: July 2022

In sand mold three-dimensional printing (3DP), penetration of the binder material in the sand bed is a major factor that determines the printing accuracy, but this procedure has not been studied in detail before. This study aims to fill such a gap. In this study, discrete element software EDEM was used to simulate the multilayer sanding process, and a nonuniform sand bed model was constructed. The level set method was applied to track the binder-air interface. Change in the curing state of the binder was characterized by setting different values for the dynamic viscosity of the binder liquid. The multiphysics software COMSOL was used to analyze the seepage flow of the binder in the sand bed. Results showed that the contact angle directly affected the infiltration process of the binder. The smaller the contact angle, the better the penetration effect of the binder. When selecting the binder material, it was desirable to choose a material with a smaller contact angle. Simulation study suggested that when the printing width was 1500 [Formula: see text]m, the layer thickness was 300 [Formula: see text]m, and the binder ejection volume was 200%, the printing quality was optimal among the various cases studied. The adopted technique for modeling the curing state of the binder using varying dynamic viscosity of the binder liquid was proved to work effectively and efficiently, and satisfactorily described the penetration flow of the binder during the molding process.
LAWNS AND LEMONADE: EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDERED CHILDPRENEUR ACTIVITIES, ADULT ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS AND INDUSTRY PREFERENCE
Authors: SWEIDA GLORIA L. , SHERMAN CYNTHIA L. , DURANSO CHRISTINE M. WEINKAUFF , BERKLEY ROBYN A.
Published: July 2022

Female entrepreneurs have moved into all industry sectors in recent years; yet most start businesses in only a few of these sectors, such as education and healthcare. We argue this is, at least in part, because gender role stereotypes permeate self-concepts and behaviors very early in life. Therefore, when children engage in entrepreneurial activities (which we term ‘childpreneurship’), they choose activities that match their gender role (much like adults), thereby reinforcing gender roles that later influence their adult entrepreneurial and occupational choices. We examine the mediating force of gendered childpreneur activities on the relationship between gender and adult entrepreneurial industry preference. We also examine the moderating effect of the quantity of childpreneur activities on the relationship between gender and entrepreneurial intention. A cross-sectional survey study of over 900 U.S. college students and working adults reveals that men and women report a stronger preference to start a business in gender-congruent industries. For men, engagement in male-typed childpreneur activities partially mediates this relationship. In general, the number of childpreneur activities is positively related to adult entrepreneurial intentions. More specifically, gender-neutral childpreneur activities are positively associated with women’s adult entrepreneurial intentions. Our study expands knowledge of distal factors influencing entrepreneurial intention and industry preference.
VALUES-BASED BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION–THE CASE OF ECOSIA AND ITS BUSINESS MODEL
Authors: IVANOV KIRIL
Published: July 2022

This paper explores how values-based innovation (VBI) management can facilitate the development of business models and their constitutive components. It analyses the case of the green search engine, Ecosia, to demonstrate and further differentiate the theoretical framework of VBI management. According to the VBI management framework, the development of sustainable business models cannot be appropriately managed and researched without considering values and normative orientations. Ecosia’s case highlights that the continuous reconsideration and negotiation of values is integral to the management of business model innovation (BMI) and contributes to the development and specification of business model components. Thus, the case confirms and contributes to a more in-depth understanding of the role values play in managing innovation and demonstrates some of the challenges encountered in the daily practice of VBI management.
China’s New Digital Infrastructure
Authors: BAARK Erik
Published: July 2022

A key component of China’s endeavour to develop new advanced infrastructure is the expansion of the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communications networks. China has thus taken up a leading position in 5G innovation, led by Huawei with a declared share of 13.53% of global 5G patent families. The challenges are how to leverage the benefits from the new capabilities of 5G networks and implementing the new 5G systems to enhance productivity and economic growth.
Trustworthy AI: A Computational Perspective
Authors: Liu Haochen , Wang Yiqi , Fan Wenqi , Liu Xiaorui , Li Yaxin , Jain Shaili , Liu Yunhao , Jain Anil , Tang Jiliang
Published: July 2022

In the past few decades,artificial intelligence (AI)technology has experienced swift developments, changing everyone’s daily life and profoundly altering the course of human society. The intention behind developing AI was and is to benefit humans by reducing labor, increasing everyday conveniences, and promoting social good. However, recent research and AI applications indicate that AI can cause unintentional harm to humans by, for example, making unreliable decisions in safety-critical scenarios or undermining fairness by inadvertently discriminating against a group or groups. Consequently, trustworthy AI has recently garnered increased attention regarding the need to avoid the adverse effects that AI could bring to people, so people can fully trust and live in harmony with AI technologies.

A tremendous amount of research on trustworthy AI has been conducted and witnessed in recent years. In this survey, we present a comprehensive appraisal of trustworthy AI from a computational perspective to help readers understand the latest technologies for achieving trustworthy AI. Trustworthy AI is a large and complex subject, involving various dimensions. In this work, we focus on six of the most crucial dimensions in achieving trustworthy AI: (i) Safety & Robustness, (ii) Nondiscrimination & Fairness, (iii) Explainability, (iv) Privacy, (v) Accountability & Auditability, and (vi) Environmental Well-being. For each dimension, we review the recent related technologies according to a taxonomy and summarize their applications in real-world systems. We also discuss the accordant and conflicting interactions among different dimensions and discuss potential aspects for trustworthy AI to investigate in the future.
A Novel Copper-Functionalized MOF Modified Composite Electrode for High-Efficiency Detection of Nitrite and Histamine
Authors: Zhang Hong-jing , Chen Wen-yi , Zou Xin , Sun Qian , Gao En-qing
Published: July 2022

A nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor with high efficiency and selectivity to determine sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and histamine (HA) was prepared and thoroughly investigated. Cu-functionalized MOF material, denoted as Cu@UiO-67-BPY, was synthesized through the post-synthetic modification method of incorporating copper ions with UiO-67-BPY (BPY stands for 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylic acid), which enhances proton conductivity and electrochemical signals. The electrode was fabricated by mixing Cu@UiO-67-BPY and graphene oxide (GO), followed by electrochemical reduction of GO to ERG (electrochemically reduced graphene). The composite electrode Cu@UiO-67-BPY/ERG/GCE exhibits a synergistically enhanced electron transfer. XRD, SEM, and FT-IR illustrate that Cu@UiO-67-BPY and GO were mixed successfully. EIS proves that the synergistic enhancement promotes charge transfer on the composite electrode’s surface. CV studies show that the electrochemical sensor readily oxidizes NaNO2and effectively reduces the oxidation potential. DPV studies exhibit a broad linear response range for NaNO2and HA, with the detection limits being as low as 1.2μM and 0.595μM, respectively. The sensor displays good reproducibility, stability, and satisfying recovery in testing NaNO2and HA in actual samples. The study exhibits that copper-functionalized MOFs composite electrodes have great potential as an innovative platform for developing future high-performance electrochemical sensors.
Rab11FIP1-deficient mice develop spontaneous inflammation and show increased susceptibility to colon damage
Authors: Rathan-Kumar Sudiksha , Roland Joseph T. , Momoh Michael , Goldstein Anna , Lapierre Lynne A. , Manning Elizabeth , Mitchell Louise , Norman Jim , Kaji Izumi , Goldenring James R.
Published: July 2022

Although Rab11FIP1 is important in membrane trafficking in epithelial cells, the gastrointestinal phenotype of Rab11FIP1 knockout (KO) mice had never been reported. This study demonstrated that Rab11FIP1 loss induces mistrafficking of Rab14 and MUC13 and decreases in colonic goblet cells, resulting in impaired mucosal integrity.
Comprehensive characterization of antral and pyloric contractions by high resolution manometry: applied physiology in suspected gastroparesis
Authors: Zheng Ting , BouSaba Joelle , Sannaa Wassel , Eckert Deborah J. , Burton Duane D. , Camilleri Michael
Published: July 2022

Current selection of different treatments for patients with gastroparesis is empiric or based on trial and error, though pyloric distensibility and diameter may predict response to pyloric interventions. High-resolution antropyloroduodenal manometry (HR-ADM) can characterize a variety of postprandial antral contractile and pyloric motility dysfunctions in patients with suspected gastroparesis. HR-ADM shows promise to provide guidance for selection and individualization of treatments such as prokinetic agents or pyloric interventions for patients with gastroparesis based on documented pathophysiology.
A Kind of Weakening Buffer Operators with Time-Varying Parameters and Their Applications
Authors: Gao Pumei , Liu Jiefang
Published: July 2022

Buffer operators can effectively weaken the impact disturbance of the system and restore the original appearance of the system. However, the buffer strength of the existing buffer operator is fixed, and the buffer strength cannot be adjusted. So the buffer effect for the system impact disturbance is not flexible enough, and the accuracy of the prediction model established is not high. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes weakened buffer operators with time-varying parameters, analyzes the properties of the newly constructed buffer operator, and proves the superiority of the new buffer operators theoretically. Finally, the new buffer operators proposed in this paper are applied to the prediction of the number of employees in China’s air transport industry and the unsafe events in China’s civil aviation. The results show that the proposed buffer operators are better than the existing buffer operators, which further verify the validity and practicability of the proposed buffer operators.
The Impact of Government Dual Policy on the Selection of OEM’s Regulatory Strategy for Third-Party Remanufacturing
Authors: Cheng Hongya , Meng Lijun , Huang Zuqing
Published: July 2022

Remanufacturing plays an important role in the circular economy and environmental protection. In the development of the remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain (CLSC), the impact of government policy cannot be ignored. However, previous studies have rarely answered the impact of government dual policy (the policy combination of trade-old-for-remanufactured and carbon tax policy) on the optimal decisions of CLSC enterprises. To fill the gap, this work considers the remanufacturing modes and government dual policy simultaneously and investigates a CLSC of waste of electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE) consisting of an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and a third-party remanufacturer (TPR). Here the OEM has three strategies for regulating third-party remanufacturing activities: outsourcing (Model O), authorization (Model A), and nonregulation (Model D). The results show that: (i) Whether the government implements the dual policy or not, Model O is the best choice for OEM. And compared with nongovernment policy intervention, government dual policy can improve the recovery rate of WEEE products and then effectively promote the recycling of waste resources; (ii) When the government dual policy parameters meet a certain condition, the dual policy could effectively increase supply chain members’ profits and the total profits of CLSC and boost market demand expansion; (iii) Compared with the other two remanufacturing modes, the CLSC under nonregulation strategy is the optimal remanufacturing mode for the whole society; meanwhile, OEM nonregulation strategy is the worst strategy for the environmental protection. In addition, when the government sets appropriate parameters, government dual policy is beneficial to the consumer, supply chain member, and the society simultaneously, but the impact of the dual policy on the environment is also related to the ratio of the two products’ impact on the environment.
Xiao-Chai-Hu Decoction Ameliorates Poly (I:C)-Induced Viral Pneumonia through Inhibiting Inflammatory Response and Modulating Serum Metabolism
Authors: Chen Feng , Qu Fei , Jia Yuehui , Wang Chengxin , Yu Yuejie , Liao Jiabao , Lin Min , Chen Fengjuan , Sun Zhijia
Published: July 2022

Viral pneumonia is widespread, progresses rapidly, and has a high mortality rate. Developing safe and effective therapies to treat viral pneumonia can minimize risks to public health and alleviate pressures on the associated health systems. Xiao-Chai-Hu (XCH) decoction can be used in the treatment of viral pneumonia. However, the mechanisms of XCH on viral pneumonia remain unclear. In this study, poly (I:C) was used to establish a mouse model of viral pneumonia, and the therapeutic effects of XCH on viral pneumonia were assessed. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of XCH on inflammatory response. Lastly, untargeted metabolomics were used to study the metabolic regulatory mechanisms of XCH on viral pneumonia model mice. Our results showed that XCH treatment decreased the wet/dry ratio in lung tissue, total protein concentration, and total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). H&E staining indicated that XCH treatment alleviated the pathological changes in lung. Moreover, XCH treatment decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and lowered the ratio of CD86+/CD206+ macrophages and CD11b+LY6G+ neutrophils in BALF. XCH treatment also decreased the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and reduced the phosphorylations of PI3K, AKT, and NF-κB p65 in lung. Serum untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that XCH treatment could affect 18 metabolites in serum such as creatine, hydroxyproline, cortisone, hydrocortisone, corticosterone, hypotaurine, and taurine. These metabolites were associated with arginine and proline metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism processes. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that treatment with XCH can ameliorate viral pneumonia and reduce inflammatory response in viral pneumonia. The mechanism of action of XCH in the treatment of viral pneumonia may be associated with inhibiting the activation of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway in lung and regulating arginine and proline metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism in serum.