bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2) infection process
Authors:   Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, THI KIM DO YEN , THANH NGUYEN TAN ,   University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, NGOC DUONG DIEM ,   Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, THI NGUYET NGUYEN THU ,   Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, VAN TRAN HIEU ,   University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City
Published: January 2023

SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe acute respiratory illness and multi-organ injury. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an important enzyme of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which is the main receptor for entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. Both cell surface ACE2 and soluble ACE2 (sACE2) can interact with the receptor binding domain (RBD) in SARS-CoV-2 S protein. After binding to cell surface ACE2, SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells by direct fusion of the viral with host cell membranes with the support of host’s TMPRSS2 (transmembrane serine protease 2) and furin. In contrast, sACE2-bound SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells through AT1 (Angiotensin type 1 receptor) and AVPR1B (arginine vasopressin receptor 1B). The entery process strongly down regulates membrane-bound ACE2, promoting an activation of the canonical pathway of RAS (ACE-Ang II-AT1 receptor axis). Consequently, this promotes an intense activity of NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa B), which in turn increases the transcription of IL-6, and triggers the cytokine storm. Moreover, the decreasing of ACE2 function in lung leed to the activation of DABK/BKB1R axis signaling, contributing to the pathogenesis of acute lung inflammation. This review summarizes information about the role of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection and Covid-19, also the research directions for prevention and treatment of Covid-19 which based on ACE2.
The Kazakh farmstead of the ethnographic settlement of Kozykosh
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Khabdulina M. , Shnaider S. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Yeginbay A. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Karimbayeva Z. ,   M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University
Published: January 2023

The issue of study of the settled culture of nomads in recent decades has been actively developed by various archaeological teams in Kazakhstan. This new field known as paleo-ethnographicgot a scientific formalization in the 70s of the XX century. In 2021, excavation soft helater-medieval settlement of Kozykosh of the late XIX – early XX centuries began in Akmola Ishim region. The purpose of this article is to define the planning and compositional structure of the ethnographic settlement of the Kazakhs, to describe the housing and utility complexes, architecture, construction business based on the records of the excavated dwelling No.3, to demonstrate the changes ofspatial layout and planning conceptof the settlementsdue to the social and political changes of the early XX century in Kazakhstan.The research materials are based on the archaeological excavations of the housing and utility complex of the farmstead No. 3 of the settlement of Kozykosh; the remote, geophysical, historical and ethnographic methods of study were used for the research. The significance of the excavations of the settlement of Kozykosh lies in the first large-scale experience of obtaining the materials, which confirm and describe the ethnographic information concerning the Kazakh wintering areas
Жүсіп Баласағұнның «Құтадғу білік» шығармасында Жаратушының жырлануы Turkic Studies JournalJournal homepage: www.tsj.enu.kzTurkic Studies Journal 4 (2022) 63-77*
Authors:   Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Bekarys Nuriman , Eker Suer ,   Baskent University
Published: January 2023

Түркі халықтарының ислам дінін қабылдауы Қарахандар дәуірінің әдеби ескерткіштеріне кеңінен көрініс тапты. Исламның кейбір құндылығын айшықтайтын сондай ескерткіштердің бірі – Жүсіп Баласағұнның «Құтадғу білігі». Сол дәуірде әдебиетке арқау болған дін тақырыбы, оның әдеби үдеріспен байланысы түркі халықтарының әдебиеттану ғылымында өзекті әрі маңызды екенін Р.Р.Арат, С.М.Арсал, И.Кафесоглу, А.Инан, А.Ділашар, А.Б.Ержиласун, Р.Данкофф, Н.Келімбетов, А.Қыраубаева, А.Егеубаев, С.Екер, Х.Касапоглу, Г.Құрманғалиева, Г.Канашаева және т.б. ғалымдардың зерт-теулері дәлелдейді. Бұл мақалада Жүсіп Баласұнның «Құтадғу білік» шығармасындағы Жаратушы Тәңір бейнесі қарастырылады. Зерттеу нысаны ретінде ескерткіштің Ферғана нұсқасының факсимилесі мен оның Р.Р.Арат дайындаған транскрипциясы қолданылады. Зерттеу барысында 33 бәйітқарастырылса, оның он төрті үлгі ретінде беріледі. Діни сөздердің мағы-насы жан-жақты ашылып, Құран мәтінімен салыстырылады. Мақалада діни терминдердің қолданылу жиілігін анықтау үшін сандық талдау әдісі қолданылады. Талдау қорытындысында Ж.Баласағұн араб немесе парсы сөздерінің орнына көне түркі діни терминдерінің баламасын қолдануды жөн көреді деген тұжырымға келеді. Қол жеткізген нәтижелер Ж.Баласағұнның діни танымының тереңдігі мен ақындық шеберлігін танытады
Поэтика цвета и света в творчестве современного татарского поэта Рената Хариса
Authors:   Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет,, Галимуллина А.Ф.
Published: January 2023

Творчество выдающегося современного татарского поэта Рената Хариса (Рената Магсумовича Харисова, 1941 года рождения) – народного поэта Республики Татарстан, автора более 50 книг на татарском, русском, английском, французском, польском, белорусском, башкирском, чувашском языках отличается широким кругом творческих интересов: его произведения посвящены осмыслению нравственных, философских, общественно-политических тем прошлого и современности татарского народа, России и мирового сообщества. В статье основное внимание уделяется живописности его поэзии, отмечается насыщенность поэти-ческого мира Рената Хариса цветом и светом, которые позволяют точнее, ярче передать чувства поэта. Цвето- и световые образы в творчестве Рената Хариса приобретают символическое звучание, а также зачастую выполняют роль татарских национальных кодов, отражают специфические исконно народные свето- и цветовые традиции, позволяя ярче передать чувства лирического героя. В художественном мире Рената Хариса тесно переплетаются живопись и поэзия, потому что он одинаково профессионально владеет как техникой стиха, так и кистью изобразительного искусства. Тема творчества, образы художников в произведениях Рената Хариса являются лейтмотивными, в них также важную эмоциональную роль выполняют свето- и цветообразы.Одной из характерных черт поэтики Рената Хариса является символичность звучания его образов. Поэт зачастую от частных фактов переходит к широкомасштабным обобщениям, ассоциациям, причем это касается не только гражданских, философских, но и лиро-эпических произведений.
Соматизмы во фразеологии европейских и восточных языков
Authors:   Nyíregyházа Foiskola, Пачаи И.
Published: January 2023

Изучение фразеологии является важной задачей лингвистики, что подтверждается результатами исследований известных ученых. Фразео-логические единицы отражают важные мотивы национального сознания, менталитета и этнической культуры. Н.С. Трубецкой в своих работах отметил важное влияние тюркских и финно-угорских языков на русский язык и русскую культуру, что мотивировало наше дальнейшее исследование по фразеологии различных языков.При исследовании семантики и структуры фразеологизмов восточных языков нами были обнаружены их смысловые и структурные сходства с фразеологическими единицами венгерского языка. В настоящей статье рассмотрены некоторые соматизмы (названия частей тела человека) во фразеологических единицах европейских и восточных языков, отмечаются их различия, обусловленные ментально-культурными традициями народов; раскрываются семантические и структурные сходства фразео-логизмов венгерского и тюркских, восточных языков, связанные с истори-чески ареальными, языковыми и культурными контактами.Соматизмы в тюркских и венгерском языках, кроме прямого обозна-чения части тела человека (голова, сердце, глаз, ухо, рука и т.д.), имеют и переносные значения, выражающие душевный мир человека, его положительную или отрицательную характеристику. Эти переносные значения также имеются и во фразеологизмах китайского языка.Структурно соматизмы во фразеологизмах тюркских, финно-угорских, венгерского, китайского языков представлены сложными парными словами, что подтверждает их некоторую типологическую общность. Парные соматизмы во фразеологии русского языка обусловлены ареально-культурным влиянием тюркских и уральских языков
Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Standards for Hospitals
Authors:   Emergencies, National Emergency Medical Organization, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran., Abbasabadi Masoumeh , Khankeh Hamid Reza ,   Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,   Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Instituted, Stockholm, Sweden., Mosadeghrad Ali Mohammad ,   Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Health Information Management Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Biglarian Akbar ,   Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Health Information Management Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2023

Background: Hospitals play an important role in protecting the health and survival of people during disasters. Despite the development of risk management programs worldwide in recent years, hospital preparedness in disasters is low and one reason for that is the lack of hospital standards for disaster preparedness. This study aims to develop hospital accreditation standards for hospital disaster risk management based on national and international experiences. Materials and Methods: We used a mixed-method explanatory sequential approach. At first, a comparative study was conducted and the disaster risk management (DRM) hospital standards were extracted from 10 selected countries, namely the United States, Canada, Australia, Malaysia, India, Thailand, Egypt, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Denmark. Standards were analyzed according to the DRM life cycle and the most comprehensive framework was chosen. For national experiences, purposeful semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 experts in disastrous events in the country and continued until the saturation stage. In addition, Graneheim and Landman’s contractual content analysis method was used for data analysis. After combining international standards and national experiences, the proposed standards were introduced and the content validity index and content validity ratio were done by 25 experts. Results: Differences were observed in the quality and quantity of the selected countries’ DRM standards. The national accreditation standards of the United States, Australia, and Canada had comprehensive standards and covered all aspects of the disaster risk management cycle. A total of 27 standards from the International Standards Review and 31 standards from interviews were added (a total of 58 standards). The content validity results of the standards were within acceptable limits. After editing and determining the measurement criteria, the final standards were introduced. Conclusion: This study introduces comprehensive DRM standards based on international and national documents and experiences that can be useful for policymakers and accreditation organizations in both developed and developing countries for hospital evaluation. This is also useful for hospitals as a roadmap for promoting preparedness in disasters.
THE FACE AND CONTENT VALIDITY OF AN INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING FINANCIAL RISK TOLERANCE
Authors: Abdul Hadi Nadia Edmaz , Shafidan Nur Anis Juliana , Razali Siti Rauhati , Abdulateef Qusay Mohammed , Abdul Hamid Mohamad Shukri
Published: January 2023

Accurate evaluation of investment risk tolerance is critical in an investment decision-making process because a mismatch between the risk an investor could tolerate and the risk-return expectations could lead to frustration towards the actual financial gains or financial losses. This study aims to develop a valid instrument (or scale) for self-directed Malaysian investors to measure financial risk tolerance based on four main constructs, i.e., risk attitude, risk propensity, risk capacity, and financial literacy. An initial 36-item instrument was developed based on the assessment framework from Cordell (2001), which subsequently was examined by four lay experts for face validity. Consequently, according to Andrian et al. (2018), seven professional experts, comprising theoretical, industry practitioner, and psychometric experts, were involved in reviewing the relevancy of the content of each item towards measuring financial or investment risk tolerance level. As a result, the instrument is deemed to have a good face value, with 94.4% of the items rated highly at 4 or 3 (out of the maximum rating of 4) by lay experts. Out of the 36 items, only 5.56% are rated 1 or 2, and 16.7% of the items require revision in terms of their face value and clarity. The content validity exercise resulted in high scores of more than 0.83 cut scores based on Lynn (1986) for the scale content validity index (S-CVI), with nine items recorded as item content validity index (I-CVI) below 0.83. The S-CVI improved further to 0.90 after the removal of items with low I-CVI. The findings have also successfully produced a valid instrument that can measure the financial risk tolerance level of investors in Malaysia.
Combining Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction with Internal Benchmarking to Determine the Elimination Kinetics of Hydrophobic UVCBs
Authors: Suehring Roxana , Sjøholm Karina Knudsmark , Mayer Philipp , MacLeod Matthew
Published: January 2023

Substances classified as unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products or biological origin (UVCB) present a challenge for environmental hazard and risk assessment. Here, we present a novel approach for whole-substance bioconcentration testing applied to cedarwood oil—an essential oil composed of volatile, hydrophobic organic chemicals. The method yields whole-body elimination rate constants for a mixture of constituents. Our approach combines in vivo dietary fish exposure with internal benchmarking and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) equilibrium sampling followed by suspect-screening analysis. We quantified depuration rate constants of 13 individual cedarwood oil constituents based on relative peak areas using gas chromatography (GC) coupled with Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (MS) and GC triple-quadrupole (QqQ)-MS. For seven constituents with available analytical standards, we compared the rate constants to the results obtained from solvent extraction, clean-up, and targeted GC–MS analysis. The HS-SPME sampling approach allowed for automated sample extraction and analyte enrichment while minimizing evaporative losses of the volatile target analytes and reducing matrix interferences from low-volatility organics. The suspect-screening analysis enabled the quantification of constituents without available analytical standards, while the internal benchmarking significantly reduced variability from differences in delivered dose and analytical variability between the samples.

 
Brominated flame retardants and Dechloranes in European and American eels from glass to silver life stages
Authors: Suehring Roxana
Published: January 2023

 

The populations of American (Anguilla rostrata) and European eels (Anguilla anguilla) have been declining rapidly in the last decades. Organic contaminants are suspected to be one of the possible causes for the decline; however, so far there have been few investigations of the uptake of specific compounds by different life cycle stages (e.g. freshwater or marine stage) and how the contamination patterns develop throughout the eel's life cycle. In the present study we measured concentrations of polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), alternate brominated flame retardants (alternate BFRs) and Dechloranes (Decs) in different life stages of European and American eels to compare the contamination patterns and their development throughout the eel's life cycle. In general, concentrations of flame retardants (FRs) were similar to or higher in American than in European eels, and a greater number of FRs were detected. PBDE congeners that are characteristic of the Penta-PBDE formulation were the most abundant FRs in all adult eels as well as American glass eels. In European glass eels the alternate BFR 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenylether (DPTE) and Dechlorane Plus were the dominating FRs, with average concentrations of 1.1±0.31 ng g(-1) ww and up to 0.32 ng g(-1) ww respectively. Of the PBDEs BDE-183 was the most abundant congener in European glass eels. Low concentrations (less than 10% of the total contamination) of Tetra and Penta-PBDEs in juvenile European eels indicated that bans of technical Penta-PBDE in the European Union are effective. Enrichment of PBDEs was observed over the life stages of both European and American eels. However, a greater relative contribution of PBDEs to the sum FR contamination in American eels indicated an on-going exposure to these substances. High contributions of alternate BFRs in juvenile eels indicated an increased use of these substances in recent years. Concentrations seemed to be driven primarily by location, rather than life stage or age.
Plastic in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Suehring Roxana , Adams Jennifer , Stern Gary , Diamond Miriam L.
Published: January 2023

[para. 1]: "The Arctic is a sensitive ecosystem and a harbinger of global change.  Indeed, the Arctic is warming at two to three times faster than the worldwide average, and polar bears, the Arctic's iconic top predator of the Arctic, are threatened. While global warming threatens the Arctic and its sensitive ecosystem, pollutio of Arctic waters poses another very real threa. The Arctic is the final "sink" or place of accumulation of many pollutants emitted from industrialised regions such as Northern America and Europe and well beyond. pollutants arrive in the Arctic by hemispheric air flows and by global water circulation patterns. Once i the arctic, pollutants resist degradation because of cold temperatures (which limit microbial degradation), and the Arctic has many dark months (which limits chemical degradation from sunlight). The Arctic ecosystem is also sensitive because pollutants are more available for accumulation by limited animal biomass. This availability is due to the limited "storage" capacity of the Arctic. For example, sparse Arctic soils do not allow for pollutant "storage" and "shielding" from biotic uptake, as is the case in temperate and tropical systems."
Change the Numbers: Equity, Diversity, and Inclusivity in STEM | Imogen Coe | TEDxRyersonU
Authors: Coe Imogen
Published: January 2023

In her talk, Imogen Coe addresses the lack of female representation in STEM; science, technology, engineering and math. Using humour and real life examples, she encourages women (and their allies) to break barriers, challenge stereotypes and demand their opportunity to contribute to science.

Dr. Imogen Coe has worked extensively as an academic scientist and administrator, challenging stereotypes and breaking barriers for girls and women in her field. Imogen sees the the lack of equity, diversity and inclusivity in STEM at Ryerson University in her role as professor and dean of the faculty of science.  Low confidence levels and under-representation of young women in STEM disciplines means that we are losing important skill sets and talent, limiting our ability to solve complex problems such as climate change. Imogen is an advocate for women in STEM and she uses data and evidence to demonstrate unfair practices, while providing suggestions on how to fix the system.  As someone who was raised with a strong sense of social justice, Imogen believes in the fundamental right of everyone to contribute and participate in STEM to their full potential. Imogen firmly believes that EDI in STEM is not just a woman’s rights issue, but a human rights issue.  

This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqa2JTcVpVam1kNXZjd0VVbGdxMUZCWjJ6MTZid3xBQ3Jtc0ttQ3Z0R2dBcEtRWG5uUkZqYmxJbHA2QnVPcUFkVEY5RTR1X0dsTWdOZ0hKZ0tVWkUtT2pUeTU1RkNqRmx5dXYwZTJGdlctdGp1YWVsZDJTaUp2Y3l3RW5DOFR1bmEzakJjbXo2bkd0b1FaQkUxSjBxcw&q=http://ted.com/tedx&v=63xTTTYWEQ8" target="_blank">http://ted.com/tedx 
The complex chemistry of diversity and inclusion: a 30-year synthesis
Authors: Impellizzeri Stefania , Coe Imogen
Published: January 2023

Dr. Margaret-Ann Armour’s career as a research chemist, educator, and advocate spanned more than 40 years. Much of her work took place within a disciplinary culture ignorant of the scholarship supporting organizational change towards inclusive excellence. Her contributions are extensively covered in other articles in this special issue, and her achievements are all the more remarkable given that her colleague, Dr. Gordon Freeman, held gender-biased attitudes that he shared in a peer reviewed article in a national science journal. Three decades later, another Canadian chemist, Dr. Tomáš Hudlický, published a peer reviewed essay in an international chemistry journal that included his views on the negative impacts of diversity initiatives on organic synthesis research. Both articles were retracted, but clearly a faulty and pervasively biased peer review system enabled the distribution of prejudiced opinions that were neither informed by demonstrated expertise, nor supported by data. These two events are reflective of challenges that Dr. Armour faced in her efforts to diversify chemical sciences. We need to build on her critical work to increasing awareness about inclusive excellence in chemistry, as well as educating scientists on what constitutes an informed opinion. Here, we use Freeman and Hudlický incidents as case studies to indicate how pervasive bias can be superficially perceived as scientific scholarship. Furthermore, we use analogies of analytical processes to illustrate how talent gets systemically excluded. Finally, we provide recommendations to chemistry community members for improving outcomes in terms of synthesis of new knowledge, ideas, and solutions, toward leveraging all the available human talent and creating an environment that is both excellent and inclusive.

 
Organisational best practices towards gender equality in science and medicine
Authors: Coe Imogen , Wiley Ryan , Gail Bekker Linda-
Published: January 2023

 In August 2018, the president of the World Bank noted that “‘Human capital’—the potential of individuals—is going to be the most important long-term investment any country can make for its people's future prosperity and quality of life”. Nevertheless, leaders and practitioners in academic science and medicine continue to be unaware of and poorly educated about the nature, extent, and impact of barriers to full participation of women and minorities in science and medicine around the world. This lack of awareness and education results in failures to fully mobilise the human capital of half the population and limits global technological and medical advancements. The chronic lack of recruitment, promotion, and retention of women in science and medicine is due to systemic, structural, organisational, institutional, cultural, and societal barriers to equity and inclusion. These barriers must be identified and removed through increased awareness of the challenges combined with evidence-based, data-driven approaches leading to measurable targets and outcomes. In this Review, we discuss these issues and highlight actions that could achieve gender equality in science and medicine. We survey approaches and insights that have helped to identify and remove systemic bias and barriers in science and medicine, and propose tools that will help organisational change toward gender equality. We describe tools that include formal legislation and mandated quotas at national or large-scale levels (eg, gender parity), techniques that increase fairness (eg, gender equity) through facilitated organisational cultural change at institutional levels, and professional development of core competencies at individual levels. This Review is not intended to be an extensive analysis of all the literature currently available on achieving gender equality in academic medicine and science, but rather, a reflection on finding multifactorial solutions.
Using repeatability of performance within and across contexts to validate measures of behavioral flexibility
Authors: McCune Kelsey
Published: January 2023

Research into animal cognitive abilities is increasing quickly and often uses methods where behavioral performance on a task is assumed to represent variation in the underlying cognitive trait. However, because these methods rely on behavioral responses as a proxy for cognitive ability, it is important to validate that the task structure does, in fact, target the cognitive trait of interest rather than non-target cognitive, personality, or motivational traits (construct validity). Although it can be difficult, or impossible, to definitively assign performance to one cognitive trait, one way to validate that task structure is more likely to elicit performance based on the target cognitive trait is to assess the temporal and contextual repeatability of performance. In other words, individual performance is likely to represent an inherent trait when it is consistent across time and across similar or different tasks that theoretically test the same trait. Here, we assessed the temporal and contextual repeatability of performance on tasks intended to test the cognitive trait behavioral flexibility in great-tailed grackles (*Quiscalus mexicanus*). For temporal repeatability, we quantified the number of trials to form a color preference after each of multiple color reversals on a serial reversal learning task. For contextual repeatability, we then compared performance on the serial color reversal task to the latency to switch among solutions on each of two different multi-access boxes. We found that the number of trials to form a preference in reversal learning was repeatable across serial color reversals and the latency to switch a preference was repeatable across color reversal learning and the multi-access box contexts. This supports the idea that the reversal learning task structure elicits performance reflective of an inherent trait, and that reversal learning and solution switching on multi-access boxes similarly reflect the inherent trait of behavioral flexibility.
Strategi Menggali Potensi dan Peluang Usaha untuk Memperoleh Pendanaan Kartu Usaha Perempuan Mandiri (KURMA)
Authors: SENSASI Tantina Haryati , SENSASI Sofie Yunida Putri , SENSASI Acynthia Ayu Wilasittha
Published: January 2023

Kesadaran masyarakat akan arti pentingnya wirausaha atau berstrategi untuk mencari peluang usaha dapat menekan jumlah pengangguran di Indonesia. Menyadari akan pentingnya potensi usaha, pemerintah Kabupaten Sidoarjo mengadakan Program Kartu Usaha Perempuan Mandiri – KURMA – yang akan diberikan dalam bentuk Penghargaan kepada Kelompok Usaha Perempuan mandiri yang berbasis RT pada Kabupaten Sidoarjo melalui penilaian administratif dan teknis dilakukan secara berjenjang dari tingkat desa sampai tingkat kabupaten oleh Pemerintah daerah setempat. Adapun kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan dalam tiga rangkaian kegiatan. Program pertama terkait dengan pengendalian minat dan potensi usaha yang digali dengan melakukan survei dengan pengisian kuesioner disimpulkan bahwa hasilnya ibu-ibu lebih menyukai usaha mikro di bidang kuliner. Program kedua, untuk mendukung program pertama maka perencanaan bisnis plan dibuat untuk memudahkan usaha mikro yang dibuat. Dengan bisnis plan ibu-ibu menjadi lebih terencana ketika mengelola usahanya sehingga tingkat keberhasilan yang diinginkan bisa tercapai apalagi didukung oleh tawaran pendanaan dari pemerintah daerah yaitu KURMA yang membuat usaha menjadi lebih settle dalam bidang pendanaan. Program ketiga, pelaksanaan program ini lebih memperjelas target pasar yang diinginkan oleh seorang women entrepreneur, karena kita bisa memperjelas market place yang kita tuju sehingga hasil yang maksimal bisa tercapai.
Manfaat Berkala dalam Program Jaminan Pensiun BPJS Ketenagakerjaan sebagai Pengganti Pendapatan Utama di Masa Pensiun bagi Peserta dan atau Ahli Waris
Authors: SENSASI Maria Franciska Listya Wahyu Ardani , SENSASI Sishidayati
Published: January 2023

Jaminan Pensiun BPJS Ketenagakerjaan adalah salah satu program jaminan sosial bagi para pekerja yang bertujuan untuk menjamin seluruh pekerja agar dapat memenuhi standar hidup yang layak dan menjamin kemandirian apabila terjadi risiko sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali lebih mendalam terkait manfaat berkala yang diterima apakah dapat menggantikan pendapatan utama khususnya ketika peserta sudah tidak mampu bekerja atau dalam masa pensiun. Hasil dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa manfaat berkala dari jaminan pensiun yang diterima oleh peserta maupun ahli waris tidak sepenuhnya dapat menggantikan pendapatan utama, namun melalui keikutsertaan pada program Jaminan Pensiun, peserta atau ahli waris merasa terbantu dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan sehari-hari.
Contemporary Securitisation of Islam and Muslims: A Content Analysis of Twitter
Authors: Ahmad Khan Raja Arslan , Umbreen Faryal , M Jamil Qureshi Sajida
Published: January 2023

This study is to address and explore the securitisation of Islam and Muslims on Twitter. It examines whether or not and to what extent securitised images of Islam and Muslims have been produced on Twitter. In addition, the study analyses the dominant securitised themes and their sub-dimensions. The methodology used for this purpose consisted of an empirical and sentiment analysis, analysing three hashtags trending on Twitter. It was found that the portrayal of Muslims and Islam on the Twitter platform was problematic and produced securitised images of Islam and Muslims. Totalitarianism and Sharia law as sub-dimensions of the ideological threat in the context of the securitisation of Islam were dominating, while general Muslims and women as sub-dimensions of securitisation of Muslims were dominating on Twitter. Similarly, hashtags #banislam and #stopislam produced more securitised images than #racism. A few positive and neutral Tweets were found producing positive images of Islam and Muslims on Twitter, showing that these hashtags produced securitised images of Islam and Muslims. Finally, in the securitisation of Islam and Muslims, these hashtags produced more tweets on Islam as an ideological threat category rather than Muslims as an existential threat category.
Online Learning Supports in Times of
Pandemic: From Parents’ Perspective
Authors: Anuar Razak Mohd Hairul , Abdullah Aimi Hazwani , Abdul Hamid Nor Huda
Published: January 2023

This research aimed to identify the difficulties faced by parents in providing educational support for online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. A quantitative approach was used, and 100 respondents participated in this study. The selection of respondents was made randomly based on several criteria. Data were collected online based on close-ended and open-ended questions related to home learning and parents' struggles. The study identified three major themes, which are personal, technical and financial challenges. All the variables based on these challenges are interrelated, have significant correlations, and mutually influence each other. The results show that the mean for variable personal challenges is at a moderate level (m=3.22), the mean for technical challenges is at a high level (m=3.77), and the mean for financial challenges is at a moderate level (m=3.55). This proves that there is a significant relationship between personal, technical and financial challenges. This study shed light on parents' struggle to provide educational support for online learning during the COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia. To overcome it, some revisions and modifications are required, including finding ways to provide assistance from schools, teachers and the government. The implementation of new laws, regulations and suggestions may assist the parents in enhancing the perceptions that parents have in handling situations in challenging times. Other than that, there is a need to study further.
Does the CEO’s Payment Increase Shareholder Return in S&P 500 Companies?
Authors:   University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa, Ngwakwe Collins C
Published: January 2023

CEO compensation remains at the forefront of corporate financial discourse – primarily because of its interconnection with firm performance, growth and survivability. Diverse literature exists on CEO compensation and shareholder return, albeit with different findings and/or disagreements. This paper aims to apply a single independent variable enquiry – the CEO total payment to understand how it might influence shareholder return. Research employs a quantitative approach by using a simple OLS technique with data drawn from a random sample of fifty-six companies listed in the S&P 500 Index. The S&P 500 is a stock market index tracking the stock performance of 500 large companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. It is one of the most commonly followed equity indices. The OLS result yields a P-value of 0.0001, with a negative regression coefficient, which thus indicates a significant negative relationship between the CEO total payment and shareholder return. The result corroborates some extant research regarding the inability of agency theory to provide an overriding explanation for the CEO pay and return relationship. Further research is therefore encouraged to apply more variables, particularly those that may capture CEO's opportunistic behaviour in future CEO and stock return analysis.
Stress Testing of Banks in the USA
Authors:   Kherson National Technical University, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine, Posadnieva Oksana
Published: January 2023

The banking system of any state is a component of its economic system. Therefore the stability of the entire national economy depends on its smooth and effective functioning. Given the globalization of economic relations today, the stability of the banking systems of other countries with open market economies, which have close financial ties, depends on the stability of the US banking sector. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of stress testing of banks in the USA and to assess the dynamics of the stability of the banking system of this country over the past 20 years. Stress testing of banks in the USA is carried out to identify and measure the banking sector's vulnerability to shock macroeconomic events in the national and global economy. This study is based on the analysis of the dynamics of four indicators: the capital sensitivity coefficient, the sensitivity index to the forced quick sale of assets, the liquidity coefficient for stress scenarios, and the sensitivity index to the loss of liquidity and solvency. It was revealed that the US banking system was most unstable during the 2008-2009 crisis when banks suffered significant losses due to risky credit policies. Post-crisis regulation of capital and liquidity, thanks to the balanced policy of the Federal Reserve System, led to many subsequent years of stability. Banks also had to apply anti-crisis regulatory measures in the “covid” 2020 year, and these measures brought positive results. The shock events did not affect the stability of the US banking system but were reflected in the amount of cash. The loosening of anti-crisis measures in 2021 caused some growth in the indicators calculated during stress testing. However, it did not lead to the destabilization of the banking system.
Fiscal Efficiency of the Indirect Taxation System in Ukraine
Authors:   Kherson National Technical University, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine, Sidelnykova Larysa , Ostapenko Diana ,   Kherson National Technical University, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
Published: January 2023

The increased riskiness of the fiscal space in Ukraine is a consequence of the generation of military-political and socio-economic challenges at the new stage of Russia's eight-year war against Ukraine. In wartime, there is the expediency of increased attention to determining the fiscal efficiency of the country's tax system in general and the indirect taxation system in particular. The article aims to assess the fiscal efficiency of indirect taxes in the years preceding the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of independent Ukraine. It will allow us to identify established trends, analyze the issues and develop directions for improving the indirect taxation system during the post-war recovery period. The research methodology is based on the use of generally accepted methods, in particular analytical, complex, statistical, economic-mathematical, dialectical approach, systematic and comparative analysis. Legislative and regulatory acts regulating tax activities in Ukraine, scientific publications and official statistical data served as an information base. The results: Taxes regulated by the Tax Code of Ukraine were classified according to the economic content of the object of taxation. The role of the indirect taxation system in the formation of budgetary resources of Ukraine and the EU member states was determined. Fiscal efficiency indicators of value-added tax, excise tax and customs duties were calculated. The need for more use of the fiscal potential of the indirect taxation system in Ukraine was substantiated. The key aspects of reducing the fiscal efficiency of consumption taxes have been identified. Directions for increasing the fiscal efficiency of the indirect taxation system in Ukraine were proposed.
Performativer Fernunterricht aus der Perspektive angehender DaF-Lehrender
Authors: Frei Georgina , Rančić Olivera
Published: January 2023

In diesem Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie angehende DaF-Lehrende ihre Lernerfahrungen im performativen Online-Workshop bewerten. Zu diesem Zweck wurden verschiedene Drama-Aktivitäten per Videokonferenz mit Studierenden aus Deutschland und Serbien im Rahmen von Lehrveranstaltungen durchgeführt. Am Ende des Sommersemesters 2021 wurden sieben Studierende einzeln interviewt. Die leitfadengestützten Interviews wurden nach der zusammenfassenden Inhaltsanalyse von Mayring (2010) qualitativ ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass durch einen dramapädagogischen Ansatz Unterrichtsatmosphäre, Interaktion, Kommunikation, soziale Distanz und Lernmotivation optimiert sowie Sprechangst und Hemmungen abgebaut werden können.
Potenziale digitaler Medien für das szenische Lernen am Beispiel von StoryboardThat
Authors: Lawida Cedric
Published: January 2023

Digitale Medien prägen unseren Alltag und verändern durch ihre Eigenschaften Kulturtechniken wie bspw. das Lesen maßgeblich (Wampfler & Krommer, 2019). Die Digitalität nimmt auch Einfluss auf die Kunstform des Theaters: So sind digitale Medien wie Online-Rollenspiele (z. B. Nellhaus, 2017) oder soziale Netzwerke (z. B. Lonergan, 2015) von theatralen Elementen geprägt, die das Potenzial eröffnen, das Konzept des Theaters zu erweitern und damit starre Grenzen zwischen Medien und verschiedenen Kunstformen verschwimmen zu lassen. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich vor diesem Hintergrund mit den Möglichkeiten „neue[r] Formen des Unterrichtens“ (Eickelmann & Gerick, 2017, S. 158), die digitale Medien für das szenische Lernen ermöglichen. Auf Grundlage praktischer Erfahrungen in einer Unterrichtseinheit zum Drama „Nathan der Weise“ im Fernunterricht eines Oberstufenkurses wird anhand des Tools StoryboardThat zur Gestaltung von Comics aufgezeigt, wie es durch seine spezifischen digitalen Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten Aspekte szenischen Lernens ermöglichen kann. Dabei wird deutlich, dass starre Grenzziehungen zwischen den etablierten Kunstformen Comic und Theater durch Spezifika der Digitalität hinterfragt werden können und insbesondere Potenziale für die Individualisierung und Binnendifferenzierung im Unterricht bereithalten.
Some Implications of Sweden and Finland Joining NATO
Authors: Gunter Michael
Published: January 2023

Sweden and Finland’s decision to abandon their longtime, famous neutrality and apply for membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) indicates that Russian president Vladimir Putin’s invasion of Ukraine has disastrously backfired. These two new NATO members will bring tangible geostrategic benefits to the alliance, not just a token weight. NATO has suddenly gained a new and greater strength and legitimacy. As for the Kurds, they need to understand that NATO’s deal with Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdogan to approve Sweden and Finland’s NATO membership in return for their cracking down on supposed Kurdish terrorists sheltering within their borders is not as hostile to Kurdish interests as they claim. Sweden and Finland are not likely to extradite Kurds accused of political crimes to Turkey. The Kurds should comprehend their very secondary position in the existential power struggle involving NATO and Russia  and not overreact against it. As explained below, this deal with Turkey, like earlier ones, is not likely to be as inimical to Kurdish interests as first meets the eye.
Kurdistan under new attacks
Authors: Saltsman Terry , Gunter Michael
Published: January 2023

The Turkish November 19, 2022, attack on Rojava dubbed Operation Claw-Sword was reputedly launched in retaliation for the earlier November 13 bomb attack on Istanbul’s sleek shopping district known as Istiklal Street that killed six people and wounded at least 80 more. Although it made no sense for the Kurds to attack Istanbul and thus invite new Turkish wrath, Turkey quickly blamed the PKK and its kin Syrian Democratic Forces/Democratic Union Party/Peoples’ Defense Units (SDF/PYD/YPG) in Rojava for the atrocity despite their quick denial. On November 22, Turkey escalated these air strikes by hitting an SDF/PYD/YPG military base adjacent to the main US military base in northeastern Syria housing some of the approximately 900 remaining few but strategically important troops the United States still maintains in Syria. No U.S. casualties were reported. However, a Pentagon spokesman declared that the Turkish airstrike had “directly threatened” U.S. troops stationed in the area. Thus, there is the danger of disastrous miscalculations that could lead to Turkish clashes with the United States. Although there is no credible evidence about who perpetrated the original bombing in Istanbul, one might speculate that some rogue Turkish intelligence element carried out a false flag operation to win support for Erdogan’s upcoming reelection scheduled for June 18, 2023.  The PKK and SDF/PYD/YPG have accused Turkey of having used such attacks as a pretext for invasions in the past. General Mazloum Abdi (aka Mazlum Kobane), the SDF commander, claimed the reputed bomber, Ahlam Al-Bashir, was related to ISIS jihadists via her brothers and past husbands, some of whom were killed in battles against Kurdish forces. Also possible is a reputed rogue PKK element, such as the so-called Kurdistan Falcons/Hawks blamed in the past for similar violent atrocities. A jihadist group might also be responsible. Meanwhile, the midterm elections in the United States paradoxically both strengthened and weakened U.S. president Joseph Biden’s hand in all this.
Instrumentos de rastreio da disfagia pós-intubação prolongada: revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Azevedo Paulo , Saraiva Manuel , Oliveira Margarida , Oliveira Isabel
Published: January 2023

Introdução: A disfagia pós-extubação afeta uma percentagem significativa de doentes. Contudo o seu rastreio não é realizado de forma sistemática, contribuindo para uma reduzida perceção do problema e predispondo à ocorrência de complicações.
Metodologia: Revisão Sistemática da Literatura orientada pelos princípios da Cochrane Screening and Diagnostic Test Methods Group e o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, com o objetivo de identificar os instrumentos de rastreio da disfagia em doentes pós-extubação. Consultadas as bases de dados Medline, Cochrane Library, Scielo, Science Direct e CINAHL e efetuada pesquisa na literatura cinzenta. Como critérios de inclusão foram definidos estudos de validação de instrumentos de rastreio para doentes pós-extubação de intubação prolongada (superior a 48 horas).
Resultados: Revistos 7043 artigos dos quais foram selecionados sete para leitura integral, sendo que apenas um cumpria os critérios de inclusão.
Discussão: Apenas um instrumento de rastreio de disfagia validado foi identificado para esta população específica. O instrumento apresenta boa fiabilidade entre observadores, no entanto, a sensibilidade, sendo de 81%, significa que parte destes doentes não será identificado como disfágico, o que terá repercussões negativas. Este instrumento foi validado contra avaliação clínica, o que se mostra uma limitação à interpretação dos seus resultados.
Conclusão: Não existe versão em português deste instrumento, o que dificulta a elaboração de orientações que sistematizem a abordagem terapêutica para doentes pós-extubação. Advoga-se a sua tradução e validação para o contexto nacional e validação com teste de referência.
Protocolo registado na Open Science Framework osf.io/q6k7g a 16 de maio de 2022.
ALIMENTOS EM FEIRAS AGROECOLÓGICAS E ORGÂNICAS SÃO MAIS CAROS QUE CONVENCIONAIS EM SUPERMERCADOS?
Authors: Alves Gaia Joice , Da Silva Gomes Amanda , Santos de Oliveira Ana Debora , Gomes de Souza Bianca , Marques Wanderley Thiago , Longo-Silva Giovana
Published: January 2023

A produção de alimentos agroecológicos e orgânicos têm aumentado nos últimos anos. Entretanto, fatores como disponibilidade e preço podem influenciar no consumo destes alimentos. Assim, objetivou-se comparar os preços de alimentos orgânicos e convencionais comercializados, respectivamente, em feiras agroecológicas e orgânicas e em supermercados de Maceió/AL. Estudo transversal realizado em feiras agroecológicas e orgânicas (n=6) e mesmo quantitativo de supermercados. Calculou-se as médias e percentuais de diferença dos preços de 114 alimentos (10 categorias). Do total, 70% das categorias não apresentaram diferenças significativas de preço (p<0,05), excetuando-se as verduras, cujo preço nas feiras foi inferior (-2,85%) e as categorias com preços superiores: legumes (41,01%) e ervas/temperos (29,28%). Alimentos em feiras orgânicas e agroecológicas são acessíveis economicamente, contribuindo com uma alimentação adequada e saudável derivada de um sistema de produção sustentável.
ETNOBOTÂNICA DE PLANTAS ALIMENTÍCIAS NÃO CONVENCIONAIS (PANC) COMO MECANISMO PARA A SOBERANIA ALIMENTAR POR MEIO DE CIRCUITOS CURTOS DE COMERCIALIZAÇÃO
Authors: Carriço Ingrid Gabriella da Hora , Pedra de Abreu Karla Maria
Published: January 2023

Devido à escassez de informações básicas quanto às plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANC) foi realizado o presente estudo. Objetivou-se resgatar, divulgar e democratizar o conhecimento acerca das PANC. Foram entrevistadas 65 pessoas, sendo 52 consumidores e 13 agricultores familiares, selecionadas por meio de observação direta em circuitos curtos de comercialização em Alegre-ES. Foram citadas 98 espécies de PANC. Os resultados foram sistematizados em um banner que foi utilizado em três exposições artístico-pedagógicas, caracterizando-se como espaços não formais de educação socioambiental. Nesse contexto, o conhecimento tradicional configura-se como uma importante ferramenta educadora para a valorização da agrobiodiversidade e as redes de circuitos-curtos de comercialização como um meio para o fortalecimento da soberania alimentar local e para a promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis, a partir de uma base alimentar funcional e mais ampla, sendo, portanto, mais sólida e segura.