bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Pain Situation, Pain Impact, and Educational Preferences of Pain Among Adults in Mainland China, a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: He Jiafan , Tse Mimi Mun Yee , Kwok Tyrone Tai On , Wu Timothy Chung Ming , Tang Shukkwan
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the pain situation, functional limitations, treatment used, care-seeking behaviors, and educational preferences of adults with pain in mainland China. Methods: An online questionnaire was developed through expert validation, and participants were recruited via social media platforms. Inclusion criteria required having access to the Internet and smartphones, while individuals with significant cognitive impairments or severe mental illness were excluded. Results: 1566 participants, predominantly male (951) with a mean age of 30.24, were included. A total of 80.1% of the respondents reported experiencing pain, with over half suffering from chronic pain. Pain primarily affects the neck, lower back, and upper back, especially chronic low back pain. Pain significantly impacted various aspects of life, including mood, physical activity, work performance, family dynamics, and social relationships, particularly among chronic pain sufferers (p-value: < 0.001). Analgesics (66.9%) and self-management (80–94.3%) were the most used pain management strategies, with respondents with chronic pain reporting higher usage and effectiveness of medication than those with acute pain (p-value: < 0.001). Participants also expressed a greater interest in online education and psychotherapy interventions, especially through mobile applications. Conclusions: Chronic pain is highly prevalent in mainland China, leading to emotional distress, decreased work competency, and social isolation, with a strong demand for pain education through smartphone applications.
Communication Tapestry: Health Literacy Mediates Public Trust in Physician Health Information in Pakistani Public Hospitals
Authors: Wang Dake , Hussain Talib , Weiying Wang
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: This study explores the multifaceted factors influencing public trust in healthcare services provided by doctors in public hospitals in Pakistan. The objective is to examine the relationships between various determinants such as doctors’ reputation and expertise, patient participation in decision-making, communication clarity, health literacy levels, and trust in prescribed medications to provide actionable insights for improving healthcare trust. Methods: A total of 550 patients from public hospitals were surveyed, and data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). This approach enabled the identification of intricate relationships between the key factors influencing trust in healthcare services. Results: The findings indicate that patient participation in decision-making and transparent communication significantly enhance trust in prescribed medications. Additionally, health literacy emerged as a crucial factor, with higher levels of understanding leading to greater confidence in healthcare services. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of patient-centered care, clear communication strategies, and health literacy initiatives in strengthening public trust in healthcare systems. Practical recommendations are provided for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and researchers to collaboratively improve healthcare service delivery and foster public confidence.
Modelling Hydrological Droughts in Canadian Rivers Based on Markov Chains Using the Standardized Hydrological Index as a Platform
Authors: Sharma Tribeni C. , Panu Umed S.
Published: January 2025

The standardized hydrological index (SHI) is the standardized but not normalized (normal probability variate) value of the streamflow used to characterize a hydrological drought, akin to the standardized precipitation index (SPI, which is both standardized and normalized) in the realm of the meteorological drought. The time series of the SHI can be used as a platform for deriving the longest duration, LT, and the largest magnitude, MT (in standardized form), of a hydrological drought over a desired return period of T time units (year, month, or week). These parameters are predicted based on the SHI series derived from the annual, monthly, and weekly flow sequences of Canadian rivers. An important point to be reckoned with is that the monthly and weekly sequences are non-stationary compared to the annual sequences, which fulfil the conditions of stochastic stationarity. The parameters, such as the mean, standard deviation (or coefficient of variation), lag 1 autocorrelation, and conditional probabilities from SHI sequences, when used in Markov chain-based relationships, are able to predict the longest duration, LT, and the largest magnitude, MT. The product moment and L-moment ratio analyses indicate that the monthly and weekly flows in the Canadian rivers fit the gamma probability distribution function (pdf) reasonably well, whereas annual flows can be regarded to follow the normal pdf. The threshold level chosen in the analysis is the long-term median of SHI sequences for the annual flows. For the monthly and weekly flows, the threshold level represents the median of the respective month or week and hence is time varying. The runs of deficit in the SHI sequences are treated as drought episodes and thus the theory of runs formed an essential tool for analysis. This paper indicates that the Markov chain-based methodology works well for predicting LT on annual, monthly, and weekly SHI sequences. Markov chains of zero order (MC0), first order (MC1), and second order (MC2) turned out to be satisfactory on annual, monthly, and weekly scales, respectively. The drought magnitude, MT, was predicted satisfactorily via the model MT = Id × Lc, where Id stands for drought intensity and Lc is a characteristic drought length related to LT through a scaling parameter, ɸ (= 0.5). The Id can be deemed to follow a truncated normal pdf, whose mean and variance when combined implicitly with Lc proved prudent for predicting MT at all time scales in the aforesaid relationship.
Qualitative Evaluation of a Garden-Based Healing and Learning Program for Young Adults with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Kim Dohun , Park Eunyeong , Yun Hojun , Baek Yumi , Jin Hyeyoung , Cho Hyeryeong
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the impact of garden-based learning on young adults with intellectual disabilities (YAwID). Since YAwID often experiences difficulties collecting information, experiencing situations, and making decisions independently, we developed and implemented a customized learning program for them and analyzed its impact. This program was devised specially to help YAwID utilize the garden’s resources properly. The findings showed that garden-based learning generated specific changes in the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of YAwID, such as emotional healing to recover psychological stability, social healing through social relationships, physical healing through new activities, and independent healing through individualized plans. Participants experienced sympathizing with others and maintaining positive relationships and obtained the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for behaving responsibly through gardening. Garden-based learning utilizing flowers and plants enhanced participants’ physical and mental health, improved their functioning, and helped them adapt to the environment and integrate into society. Our program can be considered a form of vocational training by which people with disabilities can enhance their employability by learning gardening skills, promoting their participation in society, and improving their quality of life. Hence, garden-based learning may transform people’s perception of disability and help people with disabilities respond to challenges.
Temporal Trends in Stomach and Colorectal Cancer Mortality by Racial Groups in Brazil (2000–2023): A Longitudinal Ecological Study
Authors: Meira Karina Cardoso , Guimarães Raphael Mendonça , Guimarães Nathalia Sernizon
Published: January 2025

This longitudinal ecological study analyzed racial disparities in mortality trends for stomach cancer (SC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) in Brazil (2000 to 2023) stratified by sex. Data from the National Mortality Information System were analyzed for individuals aged 25 to 80. Self-reported race/skin color followed the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics classification: White (White group) and Black or Brown/multiracial (Black group). Age-standardized mortality rates used the world population as a reference, and Prais–Winsten autoregression calculated trends. SC mortality rates declined for both sexes and racial groups, with a greater reduction in the Annual Percent Change (APC) among Whiteindividuals. Conversely, CRC mortality rates increased, with the Black group showing a higher percentage increase in APC. Despite progress in reducing SC mortality, disparities persist, particularly for CRC, where Black populations experience worse outcomes. Higher SC and CRC mortality rates were observed among White individuals, but the trends highlight the growing burden of CRC in Black populations. These findings emphasize the urgent need to address racial disparities in cancer outcomes, as they remain a critical public health challenge despite advancements in healthcare access and disease control in Brazil.
ETS1 Protein Expression May Be Altered by the Complementarity of ETS1 mRNA Sequences with miR-203a-3p and miR-204-3p in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Novković Stefana Stojanović , Šelemetjev Sonja , Miljuš Jelena Janković , Živaljević Vladan , Dunđerović Duško , Milinković Marija , Denčić Tijana Išić
Published: January 2025

The expressions of ETS1, miR-203a-3p, and miR-204-3p in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are poorly described, and their clinical significance is unclear. To determine the prognostic value of ETS1 (E26 transformation-specific), its levels in divergent cell compartments were paired with miR-203a-3p/-204-3p levels and linked to the presence of unfavorable clinical characteristics of PTC patients. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed to evaluate ETS1 protein expression in PTC and matched nonmalignant thyroid tissue (NMT). qPCR was utilized to quantify ETS1 mRNA, miR-203a-3p, and miR-204-3p expressions. Bioinformatic analysis was applied to predict biological interactions. Although there was a significant increase in ETS1 protein expression (p < 0.05), no difference was observed in ETS1 mRNA levels between PTC and matched NMT (p > 0.05). 98.7% of PTC samples exhibited positive staining for the ETS1 protein, detected in the nucleus, the cytoplasm, or both. In contrast, the ETS1 protein had positive staining in 70.9% of NMT samples, primarily localized in the nucleus. ETS1 cytoplasmic levels correlated with the pT status of PTC patients (p = 0.020, r = −0.267), while nuclear levels correlated with the occurrence of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.020, r = −0.271). According to the bioinformatic analysis, the 3′-untranslated region of ETS1 mRNA shares a seed sequence with miR-203a-3p/-204-3p. The mutual distribution of ETS1 and miR-203a-3p levels differs between aggressive and non-aggressive PTCs. ETS1 could be used in the identification of high-risk PTC patients; however, its subcellular localization should be considered. PTC aggression could be influenced by increased cytoplasmic ETS1 protein levels, which may be affected by reduced levels of miR-203a-3p or miR-204-3p.
First Report of a Migratory Pest, the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) from Bulgaria
Authors: Szanyi Szabolcs , Barta Marek , Velchev Dimitar , Beshkov Stoyan , Mumford Stephen , Todorov Ivaylo , Nagy Antal , Varga Zoltán , Tóth Miklós , Toshova Teodora
Published: January 2025

The first occurrence of an invasive pest species, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Bulgaria is reported. Different trapping methods (black light trap, traps baited with semiochemical lures, and food attractants) were used to study Noctuidae assemblages in Bulgaria in 2023. Two males of S. frugiperda were caught with sex pheromone traps in maize fields in Knezha, northern Bulgaria, in early November 2023. Additionally, three moths were attracted by black light traps (early November 2023) and one moth by a food lure applied on a tree trunk at the end of October 2023 in the municipalities of Parvomay and Chirpan, southern Bulgaria, respectively. The identification of S. frugiperda was confirmed using morphological and molecular methods.
Towards Trustworthy AI in Healthcare: Epistemic Uncertainty Estimation for Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Lindenmeyer Adrian , Blattmann Malte , Franke Stefan , Neumuth Thomas , Schneider Daniel
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Widespread adoption of AI for medical decision-making is still hindered due to ethical and safety-related concerns. For AI-based decision support systems in healthcare settings, it is paramount to be reliable and trustworthy. Common deep learning approaches, however, have the tendency towards overconfidence when faced with unfamiliar or changing conditions. Inappropriate extrapolation beyond well-supported scenarios may have dire consequences highlighting the importance of the reliable estimation of local knowledge uncertainty and its communication to the end user. Materials and Methods: While neural network ensembles (ENNs) have been heralded as a potential solution to these issues for many years, deep learning methods, specifically modeling the amount of knowledge, promise more principled and reliable behavior. This study compares their reliability in clinical applications. We centered our analysis on experiments with low-dimensional toy datasets and the exemplary case study of mortality prediction for intensive care unit hospitalizations using Electronic Health Records (EHRs) from the MIMIC3 study. For predictions on the EHR time series, Encoder-Only Transformer models were employed. Knowledge uncertainty estimation is achieved with both ensemble and Spectral Normalized Neural Gaussian Process (SNGP) variants of the common Transformer model. We designed two datasets to test their reliability in detecting token level and more subtle discrepancies both for toy datasets and an EHR dataset. Results: While both SNGP and ENN model variants achieve similar prediction performance (AUROC: ≈0.85, AUPRC: ≈0.52 for in-hospital mortality prediction from a selected MIMIC3 benchmark), the former demonstrates improved capabilities to quantify knowledge uncertainty for individual samples/patients. Discussion/Conclusions: Methods including a knowledge model, such as SNGP, offer superior uncertainty estimation compared to traditional stochastic deep learning, leading to more trustworthy and safe clinical decision support.
Distribution Characteristics and Relationship Between Soil Salinity and Soil Particle Size in Ebinur Lake Wetland, Xinjiang
Authors: Wen Duo , Wang Jinjie , Ding Jianli , Zhang Zhe
Published: January 2025

A comprehensive understanding of soil salinity characteristics and the vertical and spatial distribution of particle sizes in lakes and wetlands within arid zones, as well as elucidating their interrelationship, is crucial for effective wetland soil salinization management. In this study, the typical salinized wetland, the Ebinur Lake wetland, was selected as the research object. A total of 50 sampling points were established along the edge of Ebinur Lake, resulting in the collection of 200 soil samples from depths of 0–60 cm. The particle size distribution (PSD) of the soil samples was obtained by laser particle sizer, and the fractal dimension of the soil structure was deduced by applying fractal theory. The soluble salt content (TSS) and salt ions content were measured by laboratory physicochemical experiments. Finally, Pearson correlation and other methods were used to explore the relationship between soil salinity and soil particle size. The results showed the following: (1) Soil salinization in the study area was severe, and the accumulation of surface salts was obvious, with a mean value of 46,410 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of TSS was predominantly influenced by Cl−, SO42−, Na+ + K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+. (2) Across various soil depths, silt and sand were the primary constituents, with soil fractal dimensions (Dsoil) ranging from 1.91 to 2.76, averaging 2.54, and a poor soil textural structure. The spatial distribution of Dsoil closely mirrored that of TSS. (3) According to the correlation analysis results, as TSS increased, Dsoil continued to rise, with an increasing content of clay, while the sand content decreased. Simultaneously, as the soil particles became finer, TSS and Dsoil also increased, suggesting that sandy loam to silty soils in the study area were more prone to salt accumulation.
Drug-Induced Complete Atrioventricular Block in an Elderly Patient: A Case Report Highlighting Digoxin-Beta Blocker Interactions and a Paradoxical State
Authors: Bustea Cristiana , Radu Andrei-Flavius , Vesa Cosmin Mihai , Radu Ada , Bodog Teodora Maria , Bodog Ruxandra Florina , Maghiar Paula Bianca , Maghiar Adrian Marius
Published: January 2025

Complete atrioventricular (AV) block is a severe conduction abnormality caused by intrinsic cardiac disease, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, or drug interactions. Elderly patients on multiple medications are particularly vulnerable to polypharmacy-related interactions. This case report describes an 82-year-old female presenting to the emergency department with fatigue, syncope, and disorientation. Her medical history included atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and heart failure, with a medication regimen of digoxin 0.25 mg given daily 5 days out of 7, metoprolol 50 mg twice daily, lisinopril 10 mg daily, furosemide 40 mg daily, and spironolactone 50 mg daily. Clinical examination revealed bradycardia and a holosystolic murmur in the mitral valve area, while the electrocardiogram showed complete AV block at a ventricular rate of 35 bpm. Laboratory results indicated mild hyperkalemia (4.9 mmol/L). Suspecting a digoxin–beta-blocker interaction, antiarrhythmic therapy was discontinued. Within three days, the AV block resolved, transitioning to atrial fibrillation with a high ventricular rate. Bisoprolol was introduced for rate control, and hemodynamic stability was achieved. The patient was discharged with a revised medication regimen and showed no recurrence of AV block. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing drug interactions as a reversible cause of AV block and using drug interaction checkers to manage polypharmacy, especially in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. It also highlights the rare and paradoxical combination of atrial flutter and complete AV block.
Nephroprotective Effect of Aged Black Garlic Extract as a Functional Flock Medicinal on Sodium Benzoate-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease in Albino Rats
Authors: Sheir Marwa A. , Almaski Ameerah M. , Almughamisi Manal A. , Abduljawad Suha H. , Elsebaie Essam M. , Ahmed Rania A.
Published: January 2025

Sodium benzoate, a common food preservative, has been linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, and potential damage to various organs, including the kidneys. Aged black garlic (ABG) offers significant potential in supporting body health through its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce cellular damage and inflammation and, thus, improve organ functions. The purpose of this investigation is to investigate the ameliorative effect of aged black garlic extract (ABG extract) on the nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by sodium benzoate. A total of thirty-two adult male albino rats were divided randomly into four groups: Group 1: control; Group 2: orally given ABG extract (200 mg/kg bw) daily for 4 weeks; Group 3: administrated orally by sodium benzoate daily for 4 weeks; Group 4: cotreated with both ABG extract and sodium benzoate for 30 days. This included histological examinations, a histochemical demonstration of DNA contents, and an immunohistochemical demonstration of pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3, as well as a biochemical evaluation of renal MDA, CAT, SOD, GPx, and IL-1β levels. Moreover, serum and urinary urea, uric acid, creatinine, sodium, and potassium levels were also determined, as well as serum C-reactive protein. FI (30 days), FER, and BWG% were calculated as well as urinary volume and protein being measured. The findings revealed that ABG extract significantly improved all histopathological and physiological changes (p < 0.05) induced by SB as renal tissue was significantly improved, DNA contents were restored, and capase-3 immunoreactivity was diminished. Additionally, oxidative and inflammatory markers, and renal function parameters, were significantly improved. These results showed that ABG extract possesses significant ameliorative effects against the nephrotoxicity induced by sodium benzoate; this may be mediated by its antioxidant activity.
A Mother’s Revenge: Gendered Mourning, Voicelessness, and the Passing Down of Memory in Cynthia Ozick’s Short Story “What Happened to the Baby” (2006)
Authors: Ackermann-Sommer Myriam Marie
Published: January 2025

This article focuses on a little-studied short story from Jewish American writer Cynthia Ozick, “What Happened to the Baby?” It explores the narrative elaboration of a distinctly feminine trauma—that of a mother in mourning whose grief is not acknowledged in a patriarchal context. My approach uses close readings and psychoanalytical insights to understand the female protagonist’s voiceless rage. The narrator of the framing narrative is a young woman trying to understand a mysterious family trauma—how little Henrietta, the daughter of her uncle Simon and his ex-wife, Essie, died. The starting point of the story is a distorted version of the accident, told to the narrator by her mother, Lily, and according to which it is Essie’s mistreatment that caused the little girl’s death. Through the narrative, the narrator encourages Essie to tell her own side of the story. In the embedded narrative, the mother reveals that it was in fact the father’s negligence that caused the death of their child. Father and mother subsequently develop differing models of mourning. Simon, a linguist, creates a whole new idiom enabling him to keep commemorating the dead child. In contrast, Essie, the mother, is determined to destroy any discourse that might account for her trauma, and to undermine the father’s very public mourning process. The narrator acts as a kind of therapist, allowing Essie’s discourse on loss to emerge after decades of repression. On the masculine/feminine, father/mother binary axis, I will observe, based on the study of this fascinating short story, that the father’s mourning involves mastering language, while the mother experiences loss through the sheer inability to speak up—at least until the narrator, Vivian, empowers her by giving her a voice.
Stubbornness as Control in Professional Soccer Games: A BPPSDE Approach
Authors: Pramanik Paramahansa
Published: January 2025

This paper defines stubbornness as an optimal feedback Nash equilibrium within a dynamic setting. Stubbornness is treated as a player-specific parameter, with the team’s coach initially selecting players based on their stubbornness and making substitutions during the game according to this trait. The payoff function of a soccer player is evaluated based on factors such as injury risk, assist rate, pass accuracy, and dribbling ability. Each player aims to maximize their payoff by selecting an optimal level of stubbornness that ensures their selection by the coach. The goal dynamics are modeled using a backward parabolic partial stochastic differential equation (BPPSDE), leveraging its theoretical connection to the Feynman–Kac formula, which links stochastic differential equations (SDEs) to partial differential equations (PDEs). A stochastic Lagrangian framework is developed, and a path integral control method is employed to derive the optimal measure of stubbornness. The paper further applies a variant of the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck BPPSDE to obtain an explicit solution for the player’s optimal stubbornness.
Research on the Design and Meshing Performance Analysis of Face Gear Face Gear Meshing Nutation Reducers
Authors: Chen Haoyu , Li Qinghai , Jia Chao
Published: January 2025

In view of the problems of the complex design, difficult machining, and high manufacturing cost of a traditional nutation reducer, this paper intends to design a nutation reducer and study its meshing performance. First, the meshing pair is designed by the method of internal and external cutting of the shaper cutter, and the method of face gear tooth surface modification is proposed. Second, based on tooth contact analysis (TCA) and loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA), the contact performance of the meshing pair is studied. Then, the nutation reducer is improved by using the pair instead of the internal bevel gear pair. Finally, examples are presented to test the feasibility of the improved design. The results show that the improved nutation reducer maintains the advantages of a large transmission ratio and high bearing capacity of the traditional nutation reducer and can make use of the advantages of face gears to further improve its transmission performance. This study can lay a foundation for the further application and popularization of nutation reducers.
Population-Based Search Algorithms for Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing Scheduling Problem with Heterogeneous Parallel Mixed Flowshops
Authors: Kim Yong Jae , Kim Hyun Joo , Kim Byung Soo
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we address biopharmaceutical manufacturing scheduling problems with heterogeneous parallel mixed flowshops. The mixed flowshop consists of three stages, one batch process and two continuous processes. The objective function is to minimize the total tardiness. We formulated a mixed-integer linear programming model for the problem to obtain optimal solutions to small-size problems. We present a genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization, which are used to find efficient solutions for large-size problems. We show that the particle swarm optimization outperforms the genetic algorithm in large-size problems. We conduct a sensitivity analysis to obtain managerial insights using the particle swarm optimization algorithm.
Distribution, Biosynthesis, and Function of Carotenoids in Oxygenic Phototrophic Algae
Authors: Takaichi Shinichi
Published: January 2025

For photosynthesis, oxygenic phototrophic organisms necessarily contain not only chlorophylls but also carotenoids. Various carotenoids have been identified in algae and taxonomic studies of algae have been conducted. In this review, the relationship between the distribution of chlorophylls and carotenoids and the phylogeny of sea and freshwater oxygenic phototrophs, including cyanobacteria, red algae, brown algae, and green algae, is summarized. These phototrophs contain division- or class-specific chlorophylls and carotenoids, such as fucoxanthin, peridinin, diadinoxanthin, and siphonaxanthin. The distribution of β-carotene and its derivatives, including β-carotene, zeaxanthin, violaxanthin, neoxanthin, diadinoxanthin, fucoxanthin, and peridinin (β-branch carotenoids), are limited to divisions of a part of Rhodophyta, Cryptophyta, Heterokontophyta, Haptophyta, and Dinophyta. Meanwhile, the distribution of α-carotene and its derivatives, such as lutein, loroxanthin, and siphonaxanthin (α-branch carotenoids), are limited to divisions of a part of Rhodophyta (macrophytic type), Cryptophyta, Euglenophyta, Chlorarachniophyta, and Chlorophyta. In addition, carotenogenesis pathways are also discussed based on the chemical structures of carotenoids and the known characteristics of carotenogenesis enzymes in other organisms. The specific genes and enzymes for carotenogenesis in algae are not yet known. Most carotenoids bind to membrane-bound pigment-protein complexes, such as reaction centers and light-harvesting complexes. Some carotenoids function in photosynthesis and are briefly summarized. Water-soluble peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein (PCP) and orange carotenoid protein (OCP) have also been characterized. This review is a summary and update from the previous review on the distribution of major carotenoids, primary carotenogenesis pathways, and the characteristics of carotenogenesis enzymes and genes.
Research on a New Method of Macro–Micro Platform Linkage Processing for Large-Format Laser Precision Machining
Authors: Xiong Longjie , Ma Haifeng , Sun Zheng , Wang Xintian , Cai Yukui , Song Qinghua , Liu Zhanqiang
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the macro–micro structure (servo platform for macro motion and galvanometer for micro motion) composed of a galvanometer and servo platform has been gradually applied to laser processing in order to address the increasing demand for high-speed, high-precision, and large-format precision machining. The research in this field has evolved from step-and-scan methods to linkage processing methods. Nevertheless, the existing linkage processing methods cannot make full use of the field-of-view (FOV) of the galvanometer. In terms of motion distribution, the existing methods are not suitable for continuous micro segments and generate the problem that the distribution parameter can only be obtained through experience or multiple experiments. In this research, a new laser linkage processing method for global trajectory smoothing of densely discretized paths is proposed. The proposed method can generate a smooth trajectory of the servo platform with bounded acceleration by the finite impulse response (FIR) filter under the global blending error constrained by the galvanometer FOV. Moreover, the trajectory of the galvanometer is generated by vector subtraction, and the motion distribution of macro–micro structure is accurately realized. Experimental verification is carried out on an experimental platform composed of a three-axis servo platform, a galvanometer, and a laser. Simulation experiment results indicate that the processing efficiency of the proposed method is improved by 79% compared with the servo platform processing only and 55% compared with the previous linkage processing method. Furthermore, the method can be successfully utilized on experimental platforms with good tracking performance. In summary, the proposed method adeptly balances efficiency and quality, rendering it particularly suitable for laser precision machining applications.
Dicentrine Purified from the Leaves of Ocotea puberula Controls the Intracellular Spread of L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (V.) braziliensis Amastigotes and Has Therapeutic Activity as a Topical Treatment in Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Jesus Jéssica Adriana , Araujo Flores Gabriela Venicia , Souza Dalete Christine da Silva , Tristão Daniela Costa , Serrano Dolores Remedios , Lalatsa Aikaterina , Laurenti Márcia Dalastra , Lago João Henrique Ghilardi , Ferraz Humberto Gomes , da Silva Rosana Pereira , Passero Luiz Felipe Domingues
Published: January 2025

Leishmaniasis, a complex disease caused by protozoal parasites of the genus Leishmania, presents various clinical forms, particularly a cutaneous clinical form. Treatment is typically performed with pentavalent antimonial and amphotericin B, both of which have severe side effects that hinder patient compliance. This emphasizes the need for the development of new, effective, and safe treatments. In this study, the leishmanicidal activity of the methanolic extract, an alkaloid-enriched fraction and dicentrine, the main alkaloid of the leaves of Ocotea puberula (Lauraceae), a native Brazilian plant traditionally used by the indigenous population to treat skin affections, was investigated in vitro. Additionally, an in vivo study evaluated the efficacy of a topical cream containing 0.5% dicentrine. The in vitro studies demonstrated high activity and selectivity of methanolic extract, alkaloid-enriched fraction, and dicentrine against the promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania (Leishmnia) amazonensis and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. The leishmanicidal effect of dicentrine was related to the modulation of macrophage microbicidal activity. A cream containing 0.5% dicentrine showed high stability and, in permeation studies, dicentrine was retained in a skin-mimicking artificial membrane. This cream effectively inhibited the progression of the skin lesion in BALB/c mice infected with L. (L.) amazonensis, together with a reduced parasite number. Thus, dicentrine offers a promising alternative to the treatment of skin leishmaniasis.
Impact of Feed Composition on Rumen Microbial Dynamics and Phenotypic Traits in Beef Cattle
Authors: Neves André L. A. , Vieira Ricardo Augusto Mendonça , Vargas-Bello-Pérez Einar , Chen Yanhong , McAllister Tim , Ominski Kim H. , Lin Limei , Guan Le Luo
Published: January 2025

The rumen microbiome is central to feed digestion and host performance, making it an important target for improving ruminant productivity and sustainability. This study investigated how feed composition influences rumen microbial abundance and phenotypic traits in beef cattle. Fifty-nine Angus bulls were assigned to forage- and grain-based diets in a randomized block design, evaluating microbial dynamics, methane emissions, and feed efficiency. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) quantified bacterial, archaeal, fungal, and protozoal populations. Grain-based diets reduced bacterial and fungal counts compared to forage diets (1.1 × 1011 vs. 2.8 × 1011 copies of 16S rRNA genes and 1.5 × 103 vs. 3.5 × 104 copies of 18S rRNA genes/mL, respectively), while protozoan and methanogen populations remained stable. Microbial abundance correlated with feed intake metrics, including dry matter and neutral detergent fiber intakes. Methane emissions were lower in grain-fed bulls (14.8 vs. 18.0 L CH4/kg DMI), though feed efficiency metrics showed no direct association with microbial abundance. Comparative analysis revealed adaptive microbial shifts in response to dietary changes, with functional redundancy maintaining rumen stability and supporting host performance. These findings provide insights into how feed composition shapes rumen microbial dynamics and host phenotypes, highlighting the functional adaptability of the rumen microbiome during dietary transitions.
Methionine Aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) Inhibitor BL6 Attenuates Inflammation in Cultured Microglia and in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zhang Xiuli , Subbanna Shivakumar , Williams Colin R. O. , Canals-Baker Stefanie , Hashim Audrey , Wilson Donald A. , Weiss Louis M. , Shukla Srushti , Chokkalingam Parthiban , Das Sasmita , Das Bhaskar C. , Saito Mariko
Published: January 2025

Methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) plays an important role in the regulation of protein synthesis and post-translational processing. Preclinical/clinical applications of MetAP2 inhibitors for the treatment of various diseases have been explored because of their antiangiogenic, anticancer, antiobesity, antidiabetic, and immunosuppressive properties. However, the effects of MetAP2 inhibitors on CNS diseases are rarely examined despite the abundant presence of MetAP2 in the brain. Previously, we synthesized a novel boron-containing MetAP2 inhibitor, BL6, and found that it suppressed angiogenesis and adipogenesis yet improved glucose uptake. Here, we studied the anti-inflammatory effects of BL6 in SIM-A9 microglia and in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease generated by the intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ). We found that BL6 reduced proinflammatory molecules, such as nitric oxide, iNOS, IL-1β, and IL-6, together with phospho-Akt and phospho-NF-κB p65, which were elevated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglial SIM-A9 cells. However, the LPS-induced reduction in Arg-1 and CD206 was attenuated by BL6, suggesting that BL6 promotes microglial M1 to M2 polarization. BL6 also decreased glial activation along with a reduction in phospho-tau and an elevation in synaptophysin in the icv-STZ mouse model. Thus, our experiments demonstrate an anti-neuroinflammatory action of BL6, suggesting possible clinical applications of MetAP2 inhibitors for brain disorders in which neuroinflammation is involved.
Photobiota of the Tropical Red Sea: Fatty Acid Profile Analysis and Nutritional Quality Assessments
Authors: Gozai-Alghamdi Sarah A. , Aljbour Samir M. , Amin Saeed A. , Agustí Susana
Published: January 2025

Photosynthetic organisms are primary sources of marine-derived molecules, particularly ω3 fatty acids (FAs), which influence the quality of marine foods. It is reported that tropical organisms possess lower FA nutritional quality than those from colder oceans. However, the high biodiversity known for tropical areas may help compensate for this deficiency by producing a high diversity of molecules with nutritional benefits for the ecosystem. Here we addressed this aspect by analyzing the FA profiles of 20 photosynthetic organisms from the salty and warm Red Sea, a biodiversity hot spot, including cyanobacteria, eukaryotic microalgae, macroalgae, mangrove leaves, as well as three selected reef’s photosymbiotic zooxanthellate corals and jellyfish. Using direct transesterification, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, FA absolute quantification, and nutritional indexes, we evaluated their lipid nutritional qualities. We observed interspecific and strain-specific variabilities in qualities, which the unique environmental conditions of the Red Sea may help to explain. Generally, eukaryotic microalgae exhibited the highest nutritional quality. The previously unanalyzed diatoms Leyanella sp. and Minutocellus sp. had the highest eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) contents. The bioprospected Red Sea photobiota exhibited pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential. By sourcing and quantifying these bioactive compounds, we highlight the untapped rich biodiversity of the Red Sea and showcase opportunities to harness these potentials.
Design of Decanoic Acid/Polysorbate 80 Composite Vesicles as Cosmetics Carrier: Stability, Skin Permeability, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Yang Ying , Zou Bohang , Fan Xinyu , Ma Xinyue , Li Siqi , Zhang Xiangyu , Li Jinlian , Wu Dongmei
Published: January 2025

Fatty acid vesicles are natural biomaterials which possess unique bilayer structures and offer biomimetic advantages for drug and gene delivery. Nevertheless, the formation of fatty acid vesicles is limited to neutral alkaline circumstances and cannot adapt to the acidic environment of the living system. In this work, the non-ionic surfactant polysorbate 80 (TW80) was introduced, extending the pH window of vesicles formed by decanoic acid (DA) from 6.90–7.80 to 2.28–6.31. The DA/TW80 composite vesicles were used to encapsulate quercetin (QT), achieving an encapsulation efficiency of up to 75.6%. The formation of DA/TW80/QT composite vesicles was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction. Moreover, free QT was released rapidly, while QT encapsulated in the DA/TW80 composite vesicles demonstrated a slower release profile. Skin permeability studies revealed that the cumulative drug penetration within 24 h using the DA/TW80/QT composite vesicles reached approximately 904.7 μg·cm−2, 1.81 times higher than that of a QT solution. Furthermore, the DA/TW80/QT composite vesicles demonstrated enhanced antioxidant activity and greater antibacterial efficacy compared to either the drug or the vesicles alone. The results provide a crucial foundation for the application of drug-loaded vesicles in cosmetics.
Examining Associations Among Orthorexia Nervosa and Anthropometric Factors and Lifestyle Habits in an Italian University Community
Authors: Augimeri Giuseppina , Marchese Martina , Plastina Pierluigi , Bonofiglio Daniela
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is characterized by an obsession with rigid dietary rules, which leads to an emphasis being placed on food purity and health. Exploring the prevalence rates and understanding the potential risk factors associated with ON is essential for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies. This study investigated the prevalence of ON and examined different variables in associations to enhance our knowledge of their impact on ON tendency. Methods: A sample of 500 participants, including 357 women and 143 men, aged between 20 and 60, from an Italian university community was recruited to complete an online survey assessing ON, using the 15-item self-report measure ORTO-15, and Mediterranean diet adherence and lifestyle habits using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and the Mediterranean Lifestyle Index (MEDLIFE) questionnaires, respectively. Student’s t-test, ANOVA, chi-squared test, and multiple linear regressions were used for analyses. Results: We found that MEDAS and MEDLIFE scores were statistically higher in males than in females, while the ORTO-15 score was significantly lower in females than in males. In the total, ON prevalence was 19.8% (women = 16.08% and men = 21.28%). Multiple regression analyses on the ORTO-15 score and different variables showed that in our population sample, ON was associated with female sex (β = −2.98; p = 4 × 10−6) and the body mass index (BMI) (β = −0.41; p = 6.71 × 10−7). When adjusting for sex and the BMI, the resulting ORTO-15 score was associated with health science faculty attendance (β = 1.26, p = 0.003), following a food plan (β = −3.14; p = 1 × 10−7) and carrying out physical activity (β = −1.20; p = 0.03). Conclusions: This study identified the importance of several factors for ON focusing on lifestyle habits that clinicians should consider when assessing patients at risk for eating disorders. Further studies are warranted to better define the diagnostic criteria of ON and develop effective prevention and intervention strategies to promote a healthy relationship with food.
The Chemopreventive Effect of Ginsenoside Compound K Is Regulated by PARP-1 Hyperactivation, Which Is Promoted by p62-Dependent SIRT6 Degradation
Authors: Kim Sang-Hun , Ki Sung-Hwan , Hyeong Seok-Woo , Oh Seon-Hee
Published: January 2025

Background and aims: Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a saponin metabolite of ginseng, exerts anticancer effects; however, its molecular mechanisms of action in lung cancer remain unclear. We investigated the involvement of silent information regulator 6 (SIRT6) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) in the anticancer effects of CK in lung cancer. Methods and Results: CK induced PARP-1 activation-mediated parthanatos via sequestosome-1/p62-mediated SIRT6 degradation and inhibited the proliferation of H460 cells. Although CK reduced procaspase-8 levels, no significant apoptotic cleavage of procaspase-3 or PARP-1 was observed. Furthermore, CK upregulated p27, p21, phospho-p53, and gamma-H2AX levels. CK increased LC3-II levels in a p62-independent manner, but p62 was upregulated by autophagy inhibition, indicating that p62 is involved in CK-induced autophagy. CK-treated cells showed typical features of parthanatos, including PARP-1 hyperactivation, intracellular redistribution of poly ADP-ribose and pro-apoptotic factors, and chromatin fragmentation. SIRT6 was degraded in a CK concentration- and time-dependent manner. SIRT6 protein was upregulated by PARP-1 inhibition, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+ supplementation, antioxidants, and p62 knockdown, but was decreased by autophagy blockade. PARP-1 activation was negatively correlated with SIRT6 levels, indicating that SIRT6 and PARP-1 activation play complementary roles in CK-induced growth inhibition. Immunofluorescence staining, fractionation studies, and immunoprecipitation were used to confirm the colocalization and interaction between p62 and SIRT6. Conclusions: PARP-1 activation is promoted by p62-mediated SIRT6 degradation, which plays an important role in CK-induced growth inhibition. Therefore, SIRT6 is a potential biomarker for the chemopreventive effect of CK in lung cancer cells, but further studies on SIRT6 are needed for the clinical application of CK.
Low-FODMAP Diet for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Insights from Microbiome
Authors: Zhang Haoshuai , Su Qi
Published: January 2025

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits. Low-FODMAP diets, which involve restricting fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols, have emerged as an effective dietary intervention for alleviating IBS symptoms. This review paper aims to synthesize current insights into the impact of a low-FODMAP diet on the gut microbiome and its mechanisms of action in managing IBS. We explore the alterations in microbial composition and function associated with a low-FODMAP diet and discuss the implications of these changes for gut health and symptom relief. Additionally, we examine the balance between symptom improvement and potential negative effects on microbial diversity and long-term gut health. Emerging evidence suggests that while a low-FODMAP diet can significantly reduce IBS symptoms, it may also lead to reductions in beneficial microbial populations. Strategies to mitigate these effects, such as the reintroduction phase and the use of probiotics, are evaluated. This review highlights the importance of a personalized approach to dietary management in IBS, considering individual variations in microbiome responses. Understanding the intricate relationship between diet, the gut microbiome, and IBS symptomatology will guide the development of more effective, sustainable dietary strategies for IBS patients.
Undergraduate Nursing Student Perceptions of Clinical Training Approaches: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Hardan-Khalil Kholoud , Jadalla Ahlam , Deckers Cathleen M. , Costa Christine B.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Undergraduate nursing students report encountering significant challenges when they perform preplanning for clinical days. The literature lacks evidence regarding this educational model for clinical training, yet faculty continue to use it despite the lack of evidence that supports it. This study explored undergraduate nursing students’ perceptions of their preclinical training activities. Methods: A quasi-experimental, after-only, nonequivalent control group design was employed at a public nursing school in an urban setting. A total of 110 undergraduate nursing students enrolled in an advanced medical–surgical course. Participants were divided into two groups based on their preparation approach for clinical practice. Data were collected using a paper-and-pencil survey at the end of the course’s clinical rotation. The survey comprised three sections: (1) sociodemographic information, (2) the nursing clinical education tool (NCET) developed for this study, and (3) two open-ended questions focusing on the pros and cons of preplanning and reflective care approaches. The responses were analyzed and compared using a nonparametric two-independent-samples Mann–Whitney U test. Results: The findings indicated that students in eight out of ten nursing clinical education survey categories favored the reflective care approach. No differences were found between groups concerning class grade point average (GPA), the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX) passing rate, or standardized tests. Conclusions: The reflective care approach was perceived more favorably than preplanning. Engaging in clinical reasoning strategies requires educators to reconsider how students interact with clinical education. Further research is needed to develop evidence-based methods to enhance the clinical learning experience and promote patient safety.