bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pediatric vision screening using the plusoptiX A12C photoscreener in Chinese preschool children aged 3 to 4 years
Authors: Huang Dan , Chen Xuejuan , Zhang Xiaohan , Wang Yue , Zhu Hui , Ding Hui , Bai Jing , Chen Ji , Fu Zhujun , Wang Zijin , Liu Hu
Published: May 2017

This study evaluated the performance of plusoptiX A12C in detecting amblyopia risk factors (ARFs) in Chinese children aged 3-to-4-year. PlusoptiX examination was successfully conducted among 1,766 subjects without cycloplegia to detect refractive error, asymmetry and media opacity. Cycloplegic retinoscopy (CR) was conducted on 357 children suspected of having vision abnormalities. Statistical differences between CR and the device were confirmed using the mean spherical value (+1.41 ± 0.87 D versus +1.14 ± 0.81 D), cylindrical value (−0.47 ± 0.64 versus −0.84 ± 0.78) and spherical equivalent (SE) value (+1.17 ± 0.84 D versus +0.72 ± 0.64 D) (all P < 0.0001). In the emmetropia group, the differences were statistically significant for the cylinder and SE (all P < 0.0001) but not the sphere (P = 0.33). In the hyperopia group, the differences were statistically significant for the sphere, cylinder and SE (all P < 0.0001). For refractive and strabismic ARFs detection, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated, respectively.
Calcium-deficient Hydroxyapatite as a Potential Sorbent for Strontium
Authors: Sekine Yurina , Motokawa Ryuhei , Kozai Naofumi , Ohnuki Toshihiko , Matsumura Daiju , Tsuji Takuya , Kawasaki Riku , Akiyoshi Kazunari
Published: May 2017

A calcium (Ca)-deficient hydroxyapatite was investigated for its potential to remove Sr2+ from environmentally relevant water. We conducted sorption tests on solutions containing magnesium ion (Mg2+) and calcium ion (Ca2+) as competing cations at a strontium ion (Sr2+) concentration of 0.05 mmol/L. The Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite maintained a high Sr2+ sorption ratio of above 80% in the presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+ at the concentrations between 0.1 and 1.0 mmol/L, whereas the stoichiometric hydroxyapatite showed a lower ratio even in the presence of small amounts of Mg2+ and Ca2+ (72% for Mg2+ and 51% for Ca2+ at 0.1 mmol/L). For solutions with various Sr2+ concentrations between 0.01 and 10 mmol/L, Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite exhibited a higher Sr2+ sorption ratio than stoichiometric hydroxyapatite. The bonding states of Sr2+ on the Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite were evaluated by extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements. The results indicated that there are specific sorption sites in Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite where Sr2+ is stably and preferentially immobilized.
Nitric oxide donor protects against acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats via S-nitrosylation of TRPV1 on vagus nerve
Authors: Han Ting , Tang Yan , Li Jing , Xue Bing , Gong Liping , Li Jingxin , Yu Xiao , Liu Chuanyong
Published: May 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of nitric oxide (NO) in acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer of rats and the underlying mechanisms. We found that peritoneal injection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, decreased the ulcer area, inflammatory cell infiltration and MPO degree in acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. This effect was abolished by a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist or prior subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. SNP increased the jejunal mesenteric afferent discharge in a dose-depended manner, which was largely diminished by pretreatment of S-nitrosylation blocker N-ethylmaleimide, TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine, genetic deletion of TRPV1, or vagotomy. Whole-cell patch clamp recording showed that SNP depolarized the resting membrane potential of NG neurons, and enhanced capsaicin-induced inward current, which were both blocked by N-ethylmaleimide. Our results suggest that NO donor SNP alleviates acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats via vagus nerve, while S-nitrosylation of TRPV1 may participate in this route. Our findings reveal a new mechanism for vagal afferent activation, and a new potential anti-inflammatory target.
The Failure Envelope Concept Applied To The Bone-Dental Implant System
Authors: Korabi R. , Shemtov-Yona K. , Dorogoy A. , Rittel D.
Published: May 2017

Dental implants interact with the jawbone through their common interface. While the implant is an inert structure, the jawbone is a living one that reacts to mechanical stimuli. Setting aside mechanical failure considerations of the implant, the bone is the main component to be addressed. With most failure criteria being expressed in terms of stress or strain values, their fulfillment can mean structural flow or fracture. However, in addition to those effects, the bony structure is likely to react biologically to the applied loads by dissolution or remodeling, so that additional (strain-based) criteria must be taken into account. While the literature abounds in studies of particular loading configurations, e.g. angle and value of the applied load to the implant, a general study of the admissible implant loads is still missing. This paper introduces the concept of failure envelopes for the dental implant-jawbone system, thereby defining admissible combinations of vertical and lateral loads for various failure criteria of the jawbone. Those envelopes are compared in terms of conservatism, thereby providing a systematic comparison of the various failure criteria and their determination of the admissible loads.
Conserved presence of G-quadruplex forming sequences in the Long Terminal Repeat Promoter of Lentiviruses
Authors: Perrone Rosalba , Lavezzo Enrico , Palù Giorgio , Richter Sara N.
Published: May 2017

G-quadruplexes (G4s) are secondary structures of nucleic acids that epigenetically regulate cellular processes. In the human immunodeficiency lentivirus 1 (HIV-1), dynamic G4s are located in the unique viral LTR promoter. Folding of HIV-1 LTR G4s inhibits viral transcription; stabilization by G4 ligands intensifies this effect. Cellular proteins modulate viral transcription by inducing/unfolding LTR G4s. We here expanded our investigation on the presence of LTR G4s to all lentiviruses. G4s in the 5′-LTR U3 region were completely conserved in primate lentiviruses. A G4 was also present in a cattle-infecting lentivirus. All other non-primate lentiviruses displayed hints of less stable G4s. In primate lentiviruses, the possibility to fold into G4s was highly conserved among strains. LTR G4 sequences were very similar among phylogenetically related primate viruses, while they increasingly differed in viruses that diverged early from a common ancestor. A strong correlation between primate lentivirus LTR G4s and Sp1/NFκB binding sites was found. All LTR G4s folded: their complexity was assessed by polymerase stop assay. Our data support a role of the lentiviruses 5′-LTR G4 region as control centre of viral transcription, where folding/unfolding of G4s and multiple recruitment of factors based on both sequence and structure may take place.
E-cigarettes induce toxicological effects that can raise the cancer risk
Authors: Canistro Donatella , Vivarelli Fabio , Cirillo Silvia , Babot Marquillas Clara , Buschini Annamaria , Lazzaretti Mirca , Marchi Laura , Cardenia Vladimiro , Rodriguez-Estrada Maria Teresa , Lodovici Maura , Cipriani Caterina , Lorenzini Antonello , Croco Eleonora , Marchionni Silvia , Franchi Paola , Lucarini Marco , Longo Vincenzo , Della Croce Clara Maria , Vornoli Andrea , Colacci Annamaria , Vaccari Monica , Sapone Andrea , Paolini Moreno
Published: May 2017

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are devices designed to deliver nicotine in a vaping solution rather than smoke and without tobacco combustion. Perceived as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes, e-cigs are aggressively marketed as lifestyle-choice consumables, thanks to few restrictions and a lack of regulatory guidelines. E-cigs have also gained popularity among never-smokers and teenagers, becoming an emergent public health issue. Despite the burgeoning worldwide consumption of e-cigs, their safety remains largely unproven and it is unknown whether these devices cause in vivo toxicological effects that could contribute to cancer. Here we demonstrate the co-mutagenic and cancer-initiating effects of e-cig vapour in a rat lung model. We found that e-cigs have a powerful booster effect on phase-I carcinogen-bioactivating enzymes, including activators of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and increase oxygen free radical production and DNA oxidation to 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine. Furthermore, we found that e-cigs damage DNA not only at chromosomal level in peripheral blood, such as strand breaks in leucocytes and micronuclei formation in reticulocytes, but also at gene level such as point mutations in urine. Our results demonstrate that exposure to e-cigs could endanger human health, particularly among younger more vulnerable consumers.
Association study and expression analysis of CYP4A11 gene copy number variation in Chinese cattle
Authors: Yang Mingjuan , Lv Jingqiao , Zhang Liangzhi , Li Mingxun , Zhou Yang , Lan Xianyong , Lei Chuzhao , Chen Hong
Published: May 2017

The identification of copy number variations (CNVs) allow us to explore genomic polymorphisms. In recent years, significant progress in understanding CNVs has been made in studies of human and animals, however, association and expression studies of CNVs are still in the early stage. It was previously reported that the Cytochrome P-450 4A11 (CYP4A11) gene is located within a copy number variable region (CNVR) that encompasses quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for economic traits like meat quality and milk production. So, this study was performed to determine the presence of CYP4A11 CNV in six distinct cattle breeds, identify its relationship with growth, and explore the biological effects of gene expression. For three CYP4A11 CNV types, Normal was more frequent than Gain or Loss. Association analysis revealed a positive effect of CYP4A11 copy number on growth traits (P < 0.05). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis revealed that more CYP4A11 copies increased the gene expression level. Moreover, overexpression of CYP4A11 in vitro revealed its effect on lipid deposit. The data provide evidence for the functional role of CYP4A11 CNV and provide the basis for future applications in cattle breeding.
Preparation and pseudocapacitive performance of microporous Co3O4–Co nanocomposites on Ni foam substrate
Authors: Du Huanhuan , Zhou Chen , Li Hui , Wang Linbo , Qi Wen , Wu Ying , Liu Tong
Published: May 2017

Microporous Co nanoparticles (NPs) with pore diameters of 0.38 nm have been prepared by dealloying Co–Al alloy NPs, which were subsequently annealed at different temperatures to synthesize microporous Co3O4–Co nanocomposites as electrode materials for pseudocapacitors.
Morphological imperfections of epitaxial graphene: from a hindrance to the generation of new photo-responses in the visible domain
Authors: Ben Gouider Trabelsi A. , Kusmartsev F. V. , Gaifullin M. B. , Forrester D. M. , Kusmartseva A. , Oueslati M.
Published: May 2017

We report the discovery of remarkable photo-physical phenomena with characteristics unique to epitaxial graphene grown on 6H-SiC (000−1).
Bright red fluorescent conjugated polymer nanoparticles with dibenzopyran as electron donor for cell imaging
Authors: Fan Mengyue , Zhou Yuanyuan , Guo Yijing , Song Jinsheng , Duan Xinrui
Published: May 2017

Red fluorescent Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles (CPNs) were synthesized via widely used CPs: surfactant mass ratio (1 : 2) with the quantum yield as high as 51.8% for cell imaging.
A general diastereoselective synthesis of highly functionalized ferrocenyl ambiphiles enabled on a large scale by electrochemical purification
Authors: Lerayer Emmanuel , Renaut Patrice , Roger Julien , Pirio Nadine , Cattey Hélène , Devillers Charles H. , Lucas Dominique , Hierso Jean-Cyrille
Published: May 2017

A diastereoselective modification oftert-butylated ferrocenes leads to highly functionalized constrained ambiphiles (P,B or N,B) and hybrids (P,N or P,P′) on a multigram scale by a smart electrochemical purification.
Covalent capture of oriented calix[6]arene rotaxanes by a metal-free active template approach
Authors: Orlandini Guido , Ragazzon Giulio , Zanichelli Valeria , Secchi Andrea , Silvi Serena , Venturi Margherita , Arduini Arturo , Credi Alberto
Published: May 2017

A rotaxane with predetermined orientation of its nonsymmetric components is obtained by a rim-selective active template effect exerted by a calix[6]arene.
A resilient and luminescent stimuli-responsive hydrogel from a heterotopic 1,8-naphthalimide-derived ligand
Authors: Hawes Chris S. , Lynes Amy D. , Byrne Kevin , Schmitt Wolfgang , Ryan Gavin , Möbius Matthias E. , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur
Published: May 2017

A heterotopic naphthalimide ligand N-(4-picolyl)-4-(4′-carboxyphenoxy)-1,8-naphthalimide HL is utilised for the formation of self-assembled soft materials.
Isomer-dependent fragmentation dynamics of inner-shell photoionized difluoroiodobenzene
Authors: Ablikim Utuq , Bomme Cédric , Savelyev Evgeny , Xiong Hui , Kushawaha Rajesh , Boll Rebecca , Amini Kasra , Osipov Timur , Kilcoyne David , Rudenko Artem , Berrah Nora , Rolles Daniel
Published: May 2017

The fragmentation dynamics of 2,6- and 3,5-difluoroiodobenzene after iodine 4d inner-shell photoionization with soft X-rays are studied using coincident electron and ion momentum imaging.
Establishing the link between fibril formation and Raman optical activity spectra of insulin
Authors: Kessler Jiří , Yamamoto Shigeki , Bouř Petr
Published: May 2017

Molecular dynamics and density functional simulations are used to explain changes in Raman optical activity accompanying the formation of insulin fibrils.
A new mechanism for the low dielectric property of POSS nanocomposites: the key role of interfacial effect
Authors: Liu LiLi , Yuan Yuan , Huang Yawen , Yu Hongtao , Yang Junxiao
Published: May 2017

The low dielectric constant (ε) of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) nanocomposites was also attributed to its interfacial structure.
B–H⋯π: a nonclassical hydrogen bond or dispersion contact?
Authors: Fanfrlík Jindřich , Pecina Adam , Řezáč Jan , Sedlak Robert , Hnyk Drahomír , Lepšík Martin , Hobza Pavel
Published: May 2017

Quantum mechanical calculations disprove the attractive electrostatic nature of B–H⋯π motif and define it as dispersion-driven contact.
Stabilization of a t-ZrO2 polymorph in a glassy SiO2 matrix at elevated temperatures accomplished by ceria additions
Authors: Vasanthavel S. , Derby Brian , Kannan S.
Published: May 2017

Cerium additions into the SiO2–ZrO2 binary system delay SiO2 crystallization at elevated temperatures with Ce4+ occupancy at the t-ZrO2 lattice for minor additions whereas its excess additions crystallize as discrete CeO2.
One-pot sustainable synthesis of tertiary alcohols by combining ruthenium-catalysed isomerisation of allylic alcohols and chemoselective addition of polar organometallic reagents in deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Cicco Luciana , Rodríguez-Álvarez María J. , Perna Filippo M. , García-Álvarez Joaquín , Capriati Vito
Published: May 2017

Transition-metal complexes and polarised organometallic reagents play together in Deep Eutectic Solvents.
Aqueous 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions promoted by copper nanoparticles in polydiacetylene micelles
Authors: Clarisse Damien , Prakash Praveen , Geertsen Valérie , Miserque Frédéric , Gravel Edmond , Doris Eric
Published: May 2017

A colloidal catalyst was assembled from copper nanoparticles to efficiently promote alkyne–azide cycloadditions in water.
MCM-41-supported phosphotungstic acid-catalyzed cleavage of C–O bond in allyl aryl ethers
Authors: Sakate Sachin S. , Kamble Sumit B. , Chikate Rajeev C. , Rode Chandrashekhar V.
Published: May 2017

A solid acid (PWA/MCM-41) efficiently catalyzed the deprotection of allyl group from the allyl aryl ethers of various types of substrates, in the presence of other oxygen protecting groups.
Application of polydopamine sulfamic acid-functionalized magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PDA-SO3H) as a heterogeneous and recyclable nanocatalyst for the formylation of alcohols and amines under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Taheri Sepideh , Veisi Hojat , Hekmati Malak
Published: May 2017

Herein, a highly effective and solvent-free Fe3O4@PDA-SO3H catalyzed technique was advanced for N-formylation of alcohols, phenols and amines with ethyl formate.
Synthesis and catalytic applications of palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as efficient pre-catalysts for Suzuki–Miyaura and Sonogashira coupling reactions
Authors: Boubakri L. , Yasar S. , Dorcet V. , Roisnel T. , Bruneau C. , Hamdi N. , Ozdemir I.
Published: May 2017

A new palladium complex series with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), pyridine and phosphine ligands, PdCl2(L)NHC (2a–c)(L = NHC), PdCl2(L1)NHC(3a–c)(L1 = pyridine), PdCl2(L2)NHC(4a–c)(L2 = triphenylphosphine) was synthesised and fully characterized.
Bicyclic lactones and racemic mixtures of dimeric styrylpyrones from the leaves of Miliusa velutina
Authors: Wongsa N. , Kanokmedhakul K. , Boonmak J. , Youngme S. , Kanokmedhakul S.
Published: May 2017

Eight new bicyclic lactones and three new dimeric styrylpyrones from the leaves of Miliusa velutina were reported with their bioactivities.
Removal of waterborne phage and NO3− in the nZVI/phage/NO3− system: competition effect
Authors: Cheng Rong , Xue Xing-yan , Li Guan-qing , Shi Lei , Kang Mi , Zhang Tao , Liu Ya-ping , Zheng Xiang , Wang Jian-long
Published: May 2017

There was competition between phage f2 and NO3− to react with nZVI, and the interaction was affected by nZVI dosage and pH.
Ultrathin Janus nanodiscs
Authors: Xue Dan , Song Ximing , Liang Fuxin
Published: May 2017

Ultrathin Janus nanodiscs with single molecular scale thickness are fabricated by self-organized sol–gel process against a patchy magnetic microsphere.
Large-scale synthesis of Li3V2(PO4)3@C composites by a modified carbothermal reduction method as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Li , Hu Lei , Fei Linfeng , Qi Jianquan , Hu Yongming , Wang Yu , Gu Haoshuang
Published: May 2017

Carbon coated Li3V2(PO4)3composites were prepared by a modified carbothermal reduction method.
Benzene-glycol nucleic acid (BGNA)–DNA chimeras: synthesis, binding properties, and ability to elicit human RNase H activity
Authors: Niwa Nazuki , Shimizu Saki , Maeda Yusuke , Hiroak Hidekazu , Ueno Yoshihito
Published: May 2017

This paper describes the synthesis and properties of benzene-glycol nucleic acid (BGNA)–DNA chimeras containing four nucleoside analogs – thymidine, cytidine, adenosine, and guanosine – with a base-benzene-glycol structure.
Optical detection of gadolinium(iii) ions via quantum dot aggregation
Authors: Quinn Steven D. , Magennis Steven W.
Published: May 2017

CdTe quantum dot aggregation induced by trivalent metal ions is followed using fluorescence, dynamic light scattering and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.
Tailoring the fibre-to-matrix interface using click chemistry on carbon fibre surfaces
Authors: Servinis Linden , Beggs Kathleen M. , Gengenbach Thomas R. , Doeven Egan H. , Francis Paul S. , Fox Bronwyn L. , Pringle Jennifer M. , Pozo-Gonzalo Cristina , Walsh Tiffany R. , Henderson Luke C.
Published: May 2017

A convenient and effective strategy to control the surface chemistry of carbon fibres is presented, comprising electro-chemical reduction of aryl diazonium salts onto the surface, followed by ‘click chemistry’ to tether the desired surface characteristic of choice.
Cobalt nickel boride as an active electrocatalyst for water splitting
Authors: Xu Ning , Cao Guoxuan , Chen Zhengjun , Kang Qing , Dai Hongbin , Wang Ping
Published: May 2017

The Co–Ni–B@Ni foam catalyst prepared by a simple electroless plating method exhibits high and stable electrocatalytic activity towards the water splitting.
A porous sodium polyacrylate-grafted chitosan xerogel for severe hemorrhage control synthesized from one-pot reaction
Authors: Qian Zhiyong , Wang Haiping , Tuo Xiaoye , Guo Hongyan , Xu Peng , Liu Donghua , Wei Yen , Liu Haifeng , Fan Yubo , Guo Ximin
Published: May 2017

In this study, we fabricated a SPA-co-CTS sponge and demonstrated a fast and powerful hemostatic effect bothin vitroandin vivo, which was a promising first-aid device for severe hemorrhage control.
High efficiency yellow organic light-emitting diodes with a solution-process feasible iridium based emitter
Authors: Jou Jwo-Huei , Fu Sheng-Ching , An Chih-Chia , Shyue Jing-Jong , Chin Chih-Lung , He Zhe-Kai
Published: May 2017

Yellow emission plays an important role in many display and lighting applications, such as RGBY display or blue hazard free lighting sources, while a wet-process enables soft devices to be manufactured cost-effectively.
Correction: On the chemically-assisted excitonic enhancement in environmentally-friendly solution dispersions of two-dimensional MoS2 and WS2
Authors: Fadil Dalal , Hossain Ridwan F. , Saenz Gustavo A. , Kaul Anupama B.
Published: May 2017

Correction for ‘On the chemically-assisted excitonic enhancement in environmentally-friendly solution dispersions of two-dimensional MoS2 and WS2’ by Dalal Fadil et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c7tc01001j.
Facile synthesis and characterisation of uniform and monodispersed In(OH)3 and In2O3 microcubes
Authors: Xu Zhenhe , Lin Junying , Yu He , Sun Yaguang , Ding Fu , Fan Hongtao , Shi Shan , Fang Qinghong , Bi Yanfeng , Gao Yu
Published: May 2017

In(OH)3 microcubes have been successfully synthesised by a direct precipitation in solution at room temperature without using any surfactant or template. Furthermore, the In2O3 microcubes were obtained through calcining the In(OH)3 microcubes. The results show that the as‐prepared In(OH)3 and In2O3 products have a cube shape with a mean edge length of 190 and 155 nm, respectively. The self‐assembly process via orientation attachment is proposed in order to explain the growth mechanism for the microcubes. Upon ultraviolet excitation, a broad blue photoluminescence emission with its maximum intensity centred at 466 nm is shown, which is due to the oxygen deficiencies in the In2O3 microcubes. It endows these microcubes with potential application, such as liquid crystal devices, solar‐energy conversion, optical and electric devices.
Vacuum filtered conductive nylon membrane‐based flexible TENG for wearable electronics
Authors: Das Partha Sarati , Park Jae Yeong , Kim Dae Heum
Published: May 2017

This work reports a novel flexible triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on the conductive nylon membrane (NM). Multiwall carbon nanotubes were directly composited with the poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonate) solution and deposited on one side of the NM surface through vacuum filtration method. The sheet resistance of the fabricated composite material was found as 24 Ω/square and the charged output voltage of 10 µF capacitor was 7.9 V. The NM‐based TENG showed robust output power when NM contacted with friction layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The friction layer was consisted of adhesive conductive fabric attached with PTFE. Due to its well flexibility, simple process of fabrication and high output performance, the generator has much potential for powering up portable electronics.
An Efficient and Modular Route to C3*-TunePhos-Type Ligands
Authors: Lv Hui , Zhang Xu-Mu , Deng Xu , Guan Yu-Qing , Huo Ning-Ning , Wang Ya-Jing
Published: May 2017

An efficient and modular synthetic route to the bidentate C3*-TunePhos was developed, which allowed tunable steric and electronic effects of the ligands. This novel chemical technology highlights a versatile C3*-dibromodiphenyl intermediate that was accomplished by in situ Grignard exchange and subsequent Cu(II)-mediated intra­molecular oxidative radical coupling process. It is worth noting that this advanced intermediate not only could be easily prepared by a diverse array of C3*-TunePhos-type ligands, but also could be used to facile synthesis of other novel type of N,S-centered bidentate ligands.
Pflegeausbildung: Kompromiss in letzter Minute
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: May 2017

Nach langem Gezerre hat sich die Koalition doch noch auf einen Kompromiss in der Pflegeausbildung geeinigt. Die generalistische Ausbildung kommt – wenn auch nur in Teilen. Während die einen den Kompromiss loben, geht er Pflegeverbänden nicht weit genug.
Best Practice – trotz Chaos in der Gesundheitspolitik: Alternative Vergütungsformen in den USA
Authors: Schmid Andreas , Distler Franziska
Published: May 2017

Amerikanische Kliniken und Ärzte haben die Zeichen der Zeit erkannt und arbeiten intensiv an der Umsetzung alternativer Vergütungsformen. Forciert wird dies durch das staatliche CMS Innovation Center. Unabdingbare Voraussetzung dafür sind substanzielle Investitionen in eine leistungsstarke IT.
Interventionelle Radiologie: Minimalinvasiv, innovativ und kosteneffizient
Authors: Landwehr Peter
Published: May 2017

Die interventionelle Radiologie (IR), die bildgestützte minimalinvasive Therapie mittels diverser Techniken, genießt in Deutschland einen hervorragenden Ruf. Sie ist gerade im Krankenhaus äußerst effizient und wirtschaftlich, weil ein umfassendes Spektrum zentral angeboten und damit apparative und personelle Ressourcen gebündelt eingesetzt werden können.
MRT-Ultraschall-Fusionsbiopsie der Prostata: Neue Möglichkeiten der Interventionsplanung
Authors: Clevert Dirk-André
Published: May 2017

Neue klinische und technische Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) und gezielter bildgestützter Biopsietechniken haben die Detektion, Lokalisation und das Staging des Prostatakarzinoms in den letzten Jahren stark verbessert. Die führende aktuelle bildgebende Methode ist die multiparametrische MRT-Ultraschall-Fusionsbiopsie.
Logistik: Prozessoptimierung durch Digitalisierung
Authors: Mewis Dirk
Published: May 2017

Logistik, Gebäudetechnik und Effizienzsteigerung der Betriebsabläufe: Der wirtschaftliche Druck zwingt immer mehr Krankenhäuser dazu, die Optimierungspotenziale auszuschöpfen.
Alb Fils Kliniken GmbH: Mit der digitalen Rechnung viel Zeit und Geld sparen
Authors: Pott Ariane
Published: May 2017

Für ihre innovative Idee, Rechnungen im Krankenhaus zu digitalisieren, wurden die Göppinger Alb Fils Kliniken auf dem Prospitalia Jahreskongress mit dem 1. Preis des Best-Practice-Award 2017 ausgezeichnet. Der Preis ist mit 5000 Euro dotiert.
Rauch- und Feuerschutzabschlüsse: Europäische Normen stiften Verwirrung
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: May 2017

Durch das Inkrafttreten entsprechender europäischer Produktnormen dürfen in Deutschland Tore, Fenster, Außentüren sowie bestimmte kraftbetätigte Türen gehandelt werden, die zwar europäischem Recht entsprechen, baurechtlich aber dennoch nicht zulässig sind.
Philipp Hämmerle: Der richtige Mann am richtigen Ort
Authors: Wenzel Kirsten
Published: May 2017

Mit 32 Jahren Klinikleiter, mit 35 Jahren Klinikleiter der bei ihren Mitarbeitern beliebtesten Klinik Deutschlands (laut: „Great Place To Work“). Irgendetwas macht Philipp Hämmerle, Chef der Schön Klinik Berchtesgadener Land, ganz offenbar grundlegend richtig.
Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Craniotomy in Pathophysiology and Prevention of Recurrence
Authors: Deb Prabal , Sundaravadhanan Shashivadhanan
Published: May 2017

Current body of evidence suggests that the maintenance or enlargement of chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is caused by multiple factors. Inflammatory and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)–induced accumulation of hematoma plays an important role in pathophysiology of cSDH. If neomembrane is implicated in the propagation of inflammatory mediators, excision of the culprit membrane becomes essential to treat and prevent recurrence of cSDH. This retrospective study was conducted in a service hospital where 48 cases of cSDH were operated in 2 years. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically. Surgical procedure offered included burr hole craniotomy (BHC), twist drill craniotomy (TDC), or craniotomy (Cr) with excision of neomembrane. Cr was offered whenever there was suspicion or evidence of reaccumulation, solid or calcified hematoma formation, nonobliteration of the subdural space, or numerous thick membranes as were demonstrated in imaging. In Cr maximum part of outer neomembrane was excised and margins were coagulated. The excised outer neomembrane was sent for immunohistochemical examination to assess the VEGF expression. Depending on the VEGF expression as seen on the microscope, these expressions were grouped into weak, moderate, or strong VEGF expression. The study showed that cSDH patients with neomembrane formation benefit from Cr. The strong VEGF expression from the excised neomembrane further strengthens the proinflammatory VEGF theory propagation of cSDH. It further proves that excision of the culprit membrane is essential to prevent recurrences.
Leadership in Pediatric Surgery from a Trainee's Perspective
Authors: Zimmer Julia
Published: May 2017

Role models are fundamental for anyone entering the field of medicine. Proper leadership is especially essential in surgical subspecialties to guide young doctors through their training, ensure surgical experience and skill development, and teach the values of professional and ethical behavior and team management. In the complex field of pediatric surgery, which is composed of a unique patient clientele and age-dependent conditions, specialization, experience, and a strong executive are vital for patient care. Leaders in pediatric surgery are required to find a suitable balance between guidance and controlling a trainee's actions to ensure correct medical and surgical treatment and provide young doctors with the opportunity to grow and gain independent experience. When teaching the present generation of trainees, current leaders need to consider the specific characteristics of the so-called “Millennials” to avoid tension and frustration due to generation diversity. This article aims to assess leadership qualities, character traits, challenges, and expectations in pediatric surgery from a trainee's perspective.
Exercise as an Effective Transgenerational Strategy to Overcome Metabolic Syndrome in the Future Generation: Are We There?
Authors: Tibana Ramires , Franco Octávio , Pereira Rinaldo , Navalta James , Prestes Jonato
Published: May 2017

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) consist in a combination of cardiovascular risk factors including elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and abdominal obesity. Exercise performed before, during and after pregnancy can exert positive effects to counteract MetS risk factors. Here this review aims to analyze the effects of exercise performed before (fathers and mothers) and after periconception (mothers) by using experimental models and its effects on MetS risk factors in offspring. All selected studies investigated the effects of aerobic exercise before, during and after periconception on MetS risk factors in offspring, while no studies utilizing resistance exercise were found. Exercise performed before, and after periconception exerted preventive effects in the offspring, with regards to MetS risk factors. However, more studies focusing on the dose-response of exercise before, and after periconception may reveal interesting results on MetS risk factor in offspring. Thus, the prevention from chronic degenerative diseases can be improved by mother exercise and might be associated with epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, hPTMs (histone post translational modifications), non-coding RNAs (ex: MicroRNAs) which results phenotypic modifications by individual genome reprograming. Otherwise, results from paternal exercise are inconclusive at this time.
MRT-basierte Bestimmung des Risikos für die Lese-Rechtschreib-Störung im Vorschulalter
Authors: Skeide Michael
Published: May 2017

Die Lese-Rechtschreib-Störung (LRS) gilt als die häufigste aller Lernentwicklungsstörungen überhaupt. Etwa 5% der deutschen Bevölkerung leidet unter den psychischen und sozialen Folgen schwerwiegender umschriebener Probleme beim Erlernen des Lesens und Schreibens. LRS entsteht aus dem komplexen Zusammenspiel von genetischen Faktoren und Umweltfaktoren (z. B. sprachliche Lernvoraussetzungen im Elternhaus). In zahlreichen vorangegangenen Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) Studien wurde zudem gezeigt, dass der linke gyrus fusiformis (FFG, sogenanntes „visuelles Wortformareal“) des Gehirns eine entscheidende Rolle für den Schriftspracherwerb spielt. Die hier vorgestellte Arbeit legt nahe, dass die kortikale Plastizität des FFG bei LRS durch das Tragen einer Risikovariante des Gens NRSN1 eingeschränkt sein könnte, dessen Proteine u. a. das Wachstum von Dendriten steuern. NRSN1 erwies sich als signifikant mit dem Volumen des linken FFG assoziiert, welches mithilfe von voxelbasierter Morphometrie (VBM) auf Grundlage von MRT Aufnahmen gemessen wurde. Anhand der durch genetische Assoziation bestimmten volumetrischen Profile von Kindern, die sich etwa 10 Monate vor Schuleintritt befanden, konnte die spätere Ausprägung einer LRS mit einer Klassifikationsgenauigkeit von 75% vorhergesagt werden. Diese Daten lassen hoffen LRS in Zukunft so früh feststellen zu können, dass betroffene Kinder in der Lage sind ihre Defizite vor der Einschulung mithilfe von Frühförderungsmaßnahmen zu kompensieren.
The Effect of Repetitive Rugby Scrummaging on Force Output and Muscle Activity
Authors: Cochrane Darryl , Harnett Keegan , Lopez-Villalobos Nicolas , Hapeta Jeremy
Published: May 2017

During rugby scrummaging, front row forwards encounter high levels of force that has been suggested to cause transient fatigue and is likely to reduce subsequent performance. However, little is known about the effect of repetitive scrummaging on force output and onset of fatigue. Twelve male front row forwards (21.5±2.3 yr; height 185.7±4.4 cm; body mass 108.5±7.1 kg) each performed three sets of five maximal-effort isometric scrums for 10 s, with 40 s rest separating each repetition; 2 min recovery was provided between each set. Force output and electromyography (EMG) of the right medial gastrocnemius (MG), biceps femoris (BF), gluteus maximus (GM), erector spinae (ES), rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and rectus femoris (RF) were assessed. There was no significant force decrement from performing 15 scrums and no fatigue was detected from EMG median frequency and mean amplitude. For training and practice purposes, coaches and trainers can be confident that 15 individual repetitive static scrums against a machine are unlikely to cause a reduction in force production and promote fatigue. However, the effect of rugby-related activities in conjunction with scrummaging requires further research to determine if transient fatigue is causal to scrummaging for subsequent performance.
Changes in the hydration structure of imidazole upon protonation: Neutron scattering and molecular simulations
Authors: Duboué-Dijon Elise , Mason Philip E. , Fischer Henry E. , Jungwirth Pavel
Published: May 2017

The imidazole motif is widely encountered in biomolecules, and its biological role, for instance, as a proton relay, is often linked to its ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. The detailed characterization of the hydration pattern of imidazole and of its changes upon protonation is thus of high interest. Here, we combine neutron scattering experiments with force field simulations to provide an unprecedented characterization of the neutral and protonated imidazole solvation at the atomistic level. We show that neutron diffraction data can be used to assess the quality of the imidazole force field in molecular simulations. Simulations using the CHARMM general force field for imidazole are in excellent agreement with the experimental neutron scattering data and we use them to provide an atomic scale interpretation of the neutron scattering patterns. Upon protonation, we clearly identify the signature of the reorganization in the hydration pattern caused by the change from one H-bond donor and one H-bond acceptor group for imidazole to two H-bond donor groups for imidazolium. We also point the limits of the experiment, which are rather insensitive to details of the H-bond geometry at the deprotonated nitrogen of imidazole and further complement the description of the hydration structure with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations.
High spectral selectivity for solar absorbers using a monolayer transparent conductive oxide coated on a metal substrate
Authors: Shimizu Makoto , Suzuki Mari , Iguchi Fumitada , Yugami Hiroo
Published: May 2017

A spectrally selective absorber composed of a monolayer transparent conductive oxide (TCO) coated on a metal substrate is investigated for use in solar systems operating at temperatures higher (>973 K) than the operation temperature of conventional systems (∼ 673 K). This method is different from the currently used solar-selective coating technologies, such as those using multilayered and cermet materials. The spectral selective absorption property can be attributed to the inherent optical property of TCO owing to the plasma frequency and interferences between the substrates. Since spectral selectivity can be achieved using monolayered materials, the effect of atomic diffusion occurring at each layer boundary in a multilayer or cermet coatings under high-temperature conditions can be reduced. In addition, since this property is attributed to the inherent property of TCO, the precise control of the layer thickness can be omitted if the layer is sufficiently thick (>0.5 μm). The optimum TCO properties, namely, carrier density and mobility, required for solar-selective absorbers are analyzed to determine the cutoff wavelength and emittance in the infrared range. A solar absorptance of 0.95 and hemispherical emittance of 0.10 at 973 K are needed for achieving the optimum TCO properties, i.e., a carrier density of 5.5 × 1020 cm−3 and mobility of 90 cm2 V−1 s−1 are required. Optical simulations indicate that the spectrally selective absorption weakly depends on the incident angle and film thickness. The thermal stability of the fabricated absorber treated at temperatures up to 973 K for 10 h is verified in vacuum by introducing a SiO2 interlayer, which plays an important role as a diffusion barrier.
Off-axis parabolic mirror optics for polarized Raman spectroscopy at low temperature
Authors: Chelwani N. , Hoch D. , Jost D. , Botka B. , Scholz J.-R. , Richter R. , Theodoridou M. , Kretzschmar F. , Böhm T. , Kamarás K. , Hackl R.
Published: May 2017

We report the development of a detection optics for the integration of Raman scattering and scanning probe microscopy at low temperature based on a parabolic mirror. In our set-up, half of the paraboloid mirror covers a solid angle of π corresponding to a numerical aperture of N.A. ≈ 0.85. The optical system can be used for far- and near-field spectroscopy. In the far field, the polarizations can be maintained to within 80%–90%. In combination with a scanning microscope (AFM/STM), tunneling or near-field experiments are possible with less than 10% loss of aperture. Our set-up provides ideal conditions for the future development of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy at low temperature.
Macroinvertebrate trophic structure on waterfalls in Borneo
Authors: Baker Kate , Chadwick Michael A. , McGill Rona A. R. , Wahab Rodzay A. , Kahar Rafhiah
Published: May 2017

Waterfalls have unique physical characteristics and harbour highly specialised macroinvertebrate communities, but have been the subject of very few ecological studies. There are no previous studies of trophic structure of waterfall assemblages. It was hypothesised that because of the steep gradient of waterfalls and low retention of terrestrial-based resources, the abundant basal food resources would be periphyton. In addition, because of the frequent scouring flood events, it was predicted that periphyton would be a significant source of food for filter feeders. Waterfalls in the Ulu Temburong National Park (Brunei Darussalam) were used in the present case study. Methods included stable carbon (C)- and nitrogen (N)-isotope analyses (SIA; δ13C and δ15N of leaf litter and periphyton) and gut-content analysis (GCA) of the most the abundant macroinvertebrates. With δ15N values ranging from –1.9 to 5.5‰, literature suggests that this indicates that herbivores (Heptageniidae and Blephariceridae), omnivores (Simuliidae and Hydropsychidae) and predators (Buccinidae) live in the waterfalls. Apart from Buccinidae, the taxa had δ13C signatures ranging from –33 to –26‰, with a high dependence on periphyton, which is similar to other tropical-stream biotopes. The present study suggests that despite scouring velocities, waterfalls support animals with a range of diets, based on grazing or scraping, filter feeding and predation.
Illocutionary force and modality
Authors: Revuelta Puigdollers Antonio R.
Published: May 2017

The first part of this chapter discusses the linguistic and non-linguistic tools available for studying illocutionary force and modality in Ancient Greek; the second part applies these findings to the study of the diachronic evolution of ó:phelon (ὤφελον) from a verb into an illocutionary particle. As I will try to prove, this diachronic evolution is driven by pragmatic principles and the different steps in this evolution have a formal reflection in the linguistic context (modal attraction of subordinate clauses, use of negations, word order and so on). The chapter follows the model of previous research that shows the usefulness of a pragmatic approach for explaining the linguistic data of so-called dead languages. This chapter adds a diachronic perspective.
Pragmatic functions of the Latin vocative
Authors: Ctibor Michal
Published: May 2017

This article explores pragmatic aspects of the Latin vocative. The vocative is taken as a syntactically independent utterance and independent speech act with its specific communicative functions (illocutionary force). The traditionally recognized functions of “call” and “address” are first defined and shown not to cover (contrary to the common opinion) the whole scope of vocative functions. Then, the other functions of the vocative in Latin and other languages are described. Finally, some space is given to a discussion about how such a pragmatic approach to the study of the vocative is related to the sociolinguistic approach of Dickey (2002).
Quapropter, quaeso? ‘Why, for pity’s sake?’
Authors: Fedriani Chiara
Published: May 2017

This contribution aims to shed further light on some well-studied deverbal Latin Pragmatic Markers (PMs), that is, procedural elements originally derived from verbs which become frozen in form and acquired new intersubjective meanings. In particular, I will focus on quaeso, obsecro, and amabo ‘please’ in Plautus, which have been widely discussed in the relevant literature above all with regard to their primary function, namely that of politeness markers softening the illocutionary force of orders and requests, and in relation to their sociolinguistic distribution. In this study, I shall focus rather on the less widely studied values developed by quaeso, obsecro, and amabo when used in questions in Plautus. The data show that these markers express a range of meanings which go far beyond politeness and the illocutionary functions of mitigation, coming to convey a variety of personal stances, strengthening of pragmatic force and even (mock) impoliteness, thus realizing a sort of “pragmatic reversal” (in the words of Mazzon 2007).
Res Gestae Divi Augusti
Authors: Torrego Esperanza
Published: May 2017

This paper explores word order (WO) in the Res Gestae Divi Augusti (RGDA), a non-literary text, and offers a basis for both, a comparison between Word Order in literary and non-literary texts, and a comparison between Latin and Greek. After studying different positions occupied by the basic pragmatic functions and by the Verb, it concludes that the pragmatic roles display a strong tendency to occupy fixed spots, in particular: the initial position, preferred by the (New) Topic, the preverbal position, usually occupied by the Focus, and the final position, often filled by the Verb. The preverbal position is highly relevant: any material in preverbal position shows salience. The Tails are used to add information about either the New Topic or the Focus. This means that the right periphery is treated as a salient position.
Polar questions in Latin with and without the enclitic particle -ne
Authors: Schrickx Josine
Published: May 2017

The Latin enclitic particle -ne, which may be of an affirmative origin, is an optional focusing particle of polar questions, which in Latin can also occur without any particle. To analyse polar questions I have distinguished four groups of questions in the comedies of Plautus and Terence, according to pragmatic criteria. Both kinds of questions can occur in all groups, but questions without a particle have a stronger tendency to appear among those related to the speech situation, questions with a particle among those with a directive force. Moreover, as has often been observed, the particle -ne seems to be preferred in combination with certain host words. I have checked whether these are also frequent in the first position of interrogative sentences without -ne.
European English and the translation of the Italian Code of Criminal Procedure
Authors: Peruzzo Katia
Published: May 2017

The English translation of the Italian Code of Criminal Procedure (Gialuz, Lupária, and Scarpa 2014) represents a step forward in fostering judicial and police cooperation in Europe. This is made possible by making the content of the Code accessible to a wide English-speaking audience. Given the informative purpose of the translation (Cao 2007), whose intended readers are mainly European citizens, the target language chosen by the translation team is European English, i.e. the English used in European Union texts, the international English used in Council of Europe texts, the English found in the translations of the Codes of Criminal Procedure of other European countries and the English used by law scholars (Scarpa, Peruzzo, and Pontrandolfo 2014).

The European continent is a multidimensional and multilayered legal reality in which different languages co-exist and legal transplants and terminological transfers are commonplace. Based on such premises, however, the embeddedness of the Code of Criminal Procedure in the Italian legal system poses several translation difficulties, especially in the search for supranational/international English translation equivalents for terms that refer to nationally developed legal concepts. For these terms, established translation equivalents are not necessarily available. The aims of this paper are threefold: to describe the features of the interdisciplinary translation team consisting of ten members (linguists and lawyers), to lay out the peculiarities of the translation process in which professionals with a different background were involved, and to illustrate the methodology applied as regards terminological choices. To do so, a concrete example from the translated text will be provided to lay out the challenges faced and the solution adopted by the translation team.
Studying the curricular objectives by Q-methodology
Authors: Gao Lianhong
Published: May 2017

Translation competence is the ability to comprehend the source of oral or written text accurately in the same way the producer intends to deliver the message, and then accurately, and in the proper style, re-express the meanings in the target language. Legal translation competence is the ability to translate faithfully in the legal context. Analyzing the concept of legal translation competence helps to identify curricular objectives and curriculum designs for training legal translation professionals. This paper examines key teaching objectives of training legal translators in Chinese context, by using the Q-methodology.