bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic viscosity of methane hydrate systems from non-Einsteinian, plasma-functionalized carbon nanotube nanofluids
Authors: McElligott Adam , Guerra André , Du Chong Yang , Rey Alejandro D. , Meunier Jean-Luc , Servio Phillip
Published: July 2022

Nanotubes may provide interfacial effects for viscosity reduction and align in the flow direction. However, the graphene nanoflake surface area is only limited by its mean free path while nanotubes can entangle with each other.
Chiral biosensing at both interband transition and plasmonic extinction regions using twisted-stacked nanowire arrays
Authors: Feng Zeyu , He Chenlu , Xie Yifan , Zhang Chutian , Li Jiahe , Liu Dingdong , Jiang Zifan , Chen Xin , Zou Gang
Published: July 2022

A series of TNAs with independent optical activities in the interband transition and plasmonic extinction regions exhibit high sensitivities toward proteins with different contents of secondary structures.
Diastereoselective intramolecular cyclization/Povarov reaction cascade for the one-pot synthesis of polycyclic quinolines
Authors: Kuznetsova E. A. , Smolobochkin A. V. , Rizbayeva T. S. , Gazizov A. S. , Voronina J. K. , Lodochnikova O. A. , Gerasimova D. P. , Dobrynin A. B. , Syakaev V. V. , Shurpik D. N. , Stoikov I. I. , Burilov A. R. , Pudovik M. A. , Sinyashin O. G.
Published: July 2022

A rapid diastereoselective construction of the polycyclic quinoline scaffold has been developed through the triflic-acid catalysed tandem intramolecular cyclization/Povarov reaction of (2,2-dialkoxyethyl)ureas.
A perylene diimide-based fluorescent probe for the selective detection of hypochlorite in living cells
Authors: Zhang Le , Zhang Yi-Fan , Han Ying-Feng
Published: July 2022

A perylene diimide-based fluorescent probe (PDI-S) for OCl−detection was developed. PDI-S could sense both the exogenous OCl−and endogenous OCl−with high selectivity and ultra-fast response with high specificity for mitochondria.
Highly enantioselective Ni-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of β,β-disubstituted acrylic acids
Authors: Xiao Guiying , Xie Chaochao , Guo Qianling , Zi Guofu , Hou Guohua , Huang Yuping
Published: July 2022

A highly enantioselective Ni-catalyzed hydrogenation of β,β-disubstituted acrylic acids was first realized using Ph-BPE, providing straightforward access to chiral carboxylic acids in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities, up to 99% ee.
Radical addition to the CC bond meets (1,n)-HAT: recent advances in the remote C(sp3)–H or C(sp2)–H functionalization of alkenes
Authors: Xi Ji-Ming , Liao Wei-Wei
Published: July 2022

This review summarizes the recent development of remote C(sp3)–H bond or aldehydic C(sp2)–H functionalizations enabled by intermolecular radical addition to CC bond/(1,n)-HAT tandem sequences.
Development of on-DNA vinyl sulfone synthesis for DNA-encoded chemical libraries
Authors: Gao Yuting , Sun Yang , Fang Xianfu , Zhao Guixian , Li Xufeng , Zhang Gong , Li Yangfeng , Li Yizhou
Published: July 2022

We present the development of an efficient synthetic route to generate a DNA-compatible vinyl sulfone functional group, and the subsequent chemical transformations demonstrated the feasibility of our method in DEL construction.
Molecular basis for turnover inefficiencies (misses) during water oxidation in photosystem II
Authors: Han Guangye , Chernev Petko , Styring Stenbjörn , Messinger Johannes , Mamedov Fikret
Published: July 2022

Temperature dependence of the transition inefficiencies (misses) for the water oxidation process in photosystem II were studied by EPR spectroscopy and are explained on the basis of S state dependent structural changes at the CaMn4O5-cluster.
Assembling the carbon skeleton of A-74528
Authors: Maier Martin S. , Shemet Andrej , Trauner Dirk
Published: July 2022

We report our efforts toward the synthesis of A-74528, which culminated in the construction of the full carbon skeleton.
Unravelling free volume in branched-cation ionic liquids based on silicon
Authors: Bakis Eduards , Goloviznina Kateryna , Vaz Inês C. M. , Sloboda Diana , Hazens Daniels , Valkovska Valda , Klimenkovs Igors , Padua Agilio , Costa Gomes Margarida
Published: July 2022

The branching of ionic liquid cation sidechains utilizing silicon as the backbone was explored and it was found that this structural feature leads to fluids with remarkably low density and viscosity.
Gelatin-assisted co-exfoliation of graphene nanoplatelets/MoS2for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Abbas Zahir , Tiwari Pranav , Kumar Viresh , Mobin Shaikh M.
Published: July 2022

Co-exfoliated GNP/MoS2was synthesized in one step and used for supercapacitor study.
Microwave heated chemical looping ammonia synthesis over Fe and CoMo particles
Authors: Brown Siobhan , Robinson Brandon , Wang Yuxin , Wildfire Christina , Hu Jianli
Published: July 2022

Chemical looping ammonia synthesis (CLAS) materials were subjected to a three cycle ammonia synthesis test under both conventional thermal heating and microwave heating.
Surface evolution of Zn doped-RuO2 under different etching methods towards acidic oxygen evolution
Authors: Zhou Ya-Nan , Yu Ning , Lv Qian-Xi , Liu Bin , Dong Bin , Chai Yong-Ming
Published: July 2022

Compared to pure pickling, in situ electrochemical etching enables RuO2 a more thorough surface evolution of the Ru center, ensuring superior OER activity through well-dispersed nanocrystals, more defects and an appropriate electronic structure.
Ultrafast dynamic response of waterproof stretchable strain sensors based on wrinkle-templated microcracking
Authors: Li Lele , Zheng Yang , Liu Enping , Wang Juanjuan , Han Xue , Jiang Shichun , Xu Fan , Cao Yanping , Lu Conghua
Published: July 2022

A wrinkle-templated microcracking mechanism involved in a strain-sensing bilayer configuration provides a universal strategy to fabricate high-performance waterproof strain sensors with ultrafast dynamic response ability.
Polypeptide induced perylene probe excimer formation and its application in the noncovalent ratiometric detection of matrix metalloproteinase activity
Authors: Gou Xiaoyu , Nawaz Muhammad Azhar Hayat , Liu Chaoyi , Yang Na , Ren Jia , Zhou Huipeng , Li Yunhui , Zhu Jianwei , Han Wenzhao , Yu Cong
Published: July 2022

This research develops a novel ratiometric strategy based on a perylene derivative (PC1) monomer/excimer fluorescence signal transition to detect MMP activity and to screen for potential inhibitors.
Growth of bulk BiOBr single crystals for the characterization of intrinsic semi-conductive properties and application in ultraviolet photodetectors
Authors: Zhang Caiyun , Lin Lingtong , Song Jia , Lei Longfei , Han Liuyuan , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhang Jian , Zheng Zhaoke , Wang Zeyan , Wang Peng , Cheng Hefeng , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao
Published: July 2022

High-quality bulk BiOBr crystal with mm size is obtained by a space-confined chemical vapor transport strategy, & its intrinsic semi-conductive properties are characterized. It is fabricated into two-terminal UV photodetectors, which exhibit good UV detection performance.
Static and dynamic eigenvalues in unified stability studies
Authors: Khodaparast Jalal , Fosso Olav Bjarte , Molinas Marta , Suul Jon Are
Published: July 2022

A framework for unified analysis of small‐signal and large‐signal power system stability based on static and dynamic eigenvalues is proposed in this paper. The presented implementation is based on Gear's method, which is a two‐step integration method for numerical simulation with self‐adaptive time‐step. Furthermore, it can be easily configured for providing the state matrix as basis for calculating the system eigenvalues during simulation. Thus, the presented framework allows for eigenvalue‐based analysis of small‐signal dynamics and stability margin at any steady‐state operating point during a time‐domain simulation. Furthermore, Linear Time‐Varying system theory is utilized for modal analysis during large‐signal transients. For this purpose, dynamic eigenvalues and eigenvectors are calculated by solving a Riccati equation to generalize the modal analysis during transient conditions. The stability is evaluated by calculating the Lyapunov exponent of the mode‐vector of the system. The results from numerical analysis of three case studies are presented to evaluate and illustrate the characteristics of the presented approach for unified small‐signal and transient stability analysis.
The synergistic effect of micro structure/nanofiller/superhydrophobicity on the surface flashover
Authors: Xie Qing , Ma Guoshuang , Wang Peng , Zhang Xuesong , Yan Jiyuan , Liu Zhaochen , Lü Fangcheng
Published: July 2022

The surface flashover is affected by many factors, such as surface roughness, nanofillers and chemical functional groups. In this research study, polyamide mesh was utilised as a scaffold to systematically study the synergistic effect of micro structure/nanofiller/superhydrophobicity on the surface flashover. Based on the dissolution and resolidification method, nanofillers were partially embedded into the mesh fabrics. Here, Al2O3 nanoparticles were used as a typical non‐conductive nanofiller, and carbon nanotubes were used as a typical conductive nanofiller. Moreover, the micro structure was determined by altering the mesh size, and chemical fluorination was utilised to change the surface chemical group. It was found that the polyamide mesh with 300# demonstrated best anti‐flashover properties. Chemical fluorination could effectively improve the flashover voltage. By further adjusting the ratio of Al2O3 to carbon nanotubes, the flashover voltage can be increased by up to 30%.
Deep learning‐based microarray cancer classification and ensemble gene selection approach
Authors: Rezaee Khosro , Jeon Gwanggil , Khosravi Mohammad R. , Attar Hani H. , Sabzevari Alireza
Published: July 2022

Malignancies and diseases of various genetic origins can be diagnosed and classified with microarray data. There are many obstacles to overcome due to the large size of the gene and the small number of samples in the microarray. A combination strategy for gene expression in a variety of diseases is described in this paper, consisting of two steps: identifying the most effective genes via soft ensembling and classifying them with a novel deep neural network. The feature selection approach combines three strategies to select wrapper genes and rank them according to the k‐nearest neighbour algorithm, resulting in a very generalisable model with low error levels. Using soft ensembling, the most effective subsets of genes were identified from three microarray datasets of diffuse large cell lymphoma, leukaemia, and prostate cancer. A stacked deep neural network was used to classify all three datasets, achieving an average accuracy of 97.51%, 99.6%, and 96.34%, respectively. In addition, two previously unreported datasets from small, round blue cell tumors (SRBCTs)and multiple sclerosis‐related brain tissue lesions were examined to show the generalisability of the model method.
Diagnosing deceivingly cold dusty galaxies at 3.5 < z < 6: A substantial population of compact starbursts with high infrared optical depths
Authors: Jin Shuowen , Daddi Emanuele , Magdis Georgios E. , Liu Daizhong , Weaver John R. , Tan Qinghua , Valentino Francesco , Gao Yu , Schinnerer Eva , Calabrò Antonello , Gu Qiusheng , Sese David Blanquez
Published: July 2022

Using NOEMA and ALMA 3mm line scans, we measured spectroscopic redshifts of six new dusty galaxies at 3.5 < z < 4.2 by solidly detecting [CI](1-0) and CO transitions. The sample was selected from the COSMOS and GOODS-North super-deblended catalogs with far-infrared (FIR) photometric redshifts zphot > 6 based on template IR spectral energy distribution (SED) from known submillimeter galaxies at z = 4–6. Dust SED analyses explain the zphot overestimate from seemingly cold dust temperatures (Td) and steep Rayleigh-Jeans (RJ) slopes, providing additional examples of cold dusty galaxies impacted by the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We therefore studied the general properties of the enlarged sample of 10 “cold” dusty galaxies over 3.5 < z < 6. We conclude that these galaxies are deceivingly cold at the surface but are actually warm in their starbursting cores. Several lines of evidence support this scenario: (1) The high infrared surface density ΣIR and cold Td from optically thin models appear to violate the Stefan-Boltzmann law; (2) the gas masses derived from optically thin dust masses are inconsistent with estimates from dynamics and CI luminosities; (3) the implied high star formation efficiencies would conflict with cold Td; and (4) high FIR optical depth is implied even using the lower, optically thick dust masses. This work confirms the existence of a substantial population of deceivingly cold, compact dusty starburst galaxies at z ≳ 4, together with the severe impact of the CMB on their RJ observables, paving the way for the diagnostics of optically thick dust in the early Universe. Conventional gas mass estimates based on RJ dust continuum luminosities implicitly assume an optically thin case, which leads to overestimation of gas masses by a factor of 2–3 on average in compact dusty star-forming galaxies.
GaiaData Release 3
Authors: Frémat Y. , Royer F. , Marchal O. , Blomme R. , Sartoretti P. , Guerrier A. , Panuzzo P. , Katz D. , Seabroke G. M. , Thévenin F. , Cropper M. , Benson K. , Damerdji Y. , Haigron R. , Lobel A. , Smith M. , Baker S. G. , Chemin L. , David M. , Dolding C. , Gosset E. , Janßen K. , Jasniewicz G. , Plum G. , Samaras N. , Snaith O. , Soubiran C. , Vanel O. , Zorec J. , Zwitter T. , Brouillet N. , Caffau E. , Crifo F. , Fabre C. , Fragkoudi F. , Huckle H. E. , Lasne Y. , Leclerc N. , Mastrobuono-Battisti A. , Jean-Antoine Piccolo A. , Viala Y.
Published: July 2022

Context.The third release of theGaiacatalogue contains radial velocities for 33 812 183 stars with effective temperatures ranging from 3100 K to 14 500 K. The measurements are based on the comparison of the spectra observed with the Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS; wavelength coverage: 846–870 nm, median resolving power: 11 500) to synthetic data broadened to the adequate along-scan line spread function. The additional line-broadening, fitted as it would only be due to axial rotation, is also produced by the pipeline and is available in the catalogue (field namevbroad).

Aims.We describe the properties of the line-broadening information extracted from the RVS and published in the catalogue, and analyse the limitations imposed by the adopted method, wavelength range, and instrument.

Methods.We used simulations to express the link between the line-broadening measurement provided inGaiaData Release 3 andVsini. We then compared the observed values to the measurements published by various catalogues and surveys (GALAH, APOGEE, LAMOST, etc.).

Results.While we recommend caution in the interpretation of thevbroadmeasurement, we also find a reasonable general agreement of theGaiaData Release 3 line-broadening values and values in other catalogues. We discuss and establish the validity domain of the publishedvbroadvalues. The estimate tends to be overestimated at the lowerVsiniend, and atTeff > 7500 K its quality and significance degrade rapidly whenGRVS > 10. Despite all the known and reported limitations, theGaiaData Release 3 line-broadening catalogue contains measurements obtained for 3 524 677 stars withTeffranging from 3500 to 14 500 K, andGRVS < 12. It gathers the largest stellar sample ever considered for the purpose, and allows a first mapping of theGaialine-broadening parameter across the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram.
Haematological Profile of Dairy Cattle Fed with A Diet Supplemented with Depolarized Katuk Leaf (Sauropus androgynus)
Authors: Tarigan Ronald , Muladno  , Atabany Afton , Queen Yuliantoni , Suprayogi Agik
Published: July 2022

This study was aimed to assess the health status of dairy cows after consuming depolarized katuk leaves (Sauroupus androgynus) as a feed additive by measuring their hematological profile. Nine Friesian-Holstein cows were divided into three groups based on their diet: complete feed (control), complete feed plus depolarized katuk leaf powder (P1; 100 g per day), and complete feed plus depolarized katuk leaf pellet (P2; 100 g per day). Supplementation of depolarizing katuk leaves in the diet started two weeks before parturition until three months of lactation. Blood sampling was carried out during the 10th week of lactation. The analysis of hematological profiles includes total erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, total leukocytes, stress index (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio), total platelets, and total protein. There were no significant differences in total erythrocytes, hematocrit, total leukocytes, stress index, total platelets, and total protein in groups P1 and P2 compared to controls. The hemoglobin levels of dairy cows in groups P1 and P2 were significantly lower (P<0.05) compared to controls, although these levels were still within normal limits. In conclusion, there was no negative impact of depolarizing katuk leaf supplementation in the ratio on the health status of lactating dairy cows based on the hematological profile.
Vorkommen von kaniner Babesiose bei Hunden im Rhein-Main-Gebiet in Hessen – eine Fallstudie mit 81 Hunden
Authors: Seibert Stephanie , Rohrberg Antje , Stockinger Alexandra , Schaalo Stephanie , März Imke
Published: July 2022

Gegenstand und Ziel Die kanine Babesiose ist eine durch Dermacentor reticulatus übertragene Infektionskrankheit, die in Deutschland an Bedeutung gewinnt. Ziel der Studie war es, das vermehrte Vorkommen der kaninen Babesiose im Rhein-Main-Gebiet in Hessen, vor allem mit Akkumulation im Kreis Groß-Gerau, zu zeigen.

Material und Methode In die retrospektive Studie wurden Hunde aufgenommen, die im Zeitraum von Oktober 2018 bis Dezember 2020 in der Tierklinik vorgestellt wurden und anhand einer positiven Babesien-PCR die Diagnose einer kaninen Babesiose erhielten.

Ergebnisse Von den insgesamt 697 der in diesem Zeitraum durchgeführten Babesia spp.-PCR Untersuchungen waren 81 positiv (12 %). Bei 14 der 81 Babesien-positiv getesteten Hunde (17 %) wurde eine Sequenzierung durchgeführt (B. canis n = 13, B. vulpes n = 1). Zwei Hunde zeigten zeitgleich eine Anaplasmose. Auffällig ist, dass die Babesiose-Fälle ganzjährig mit Häufungen im März/April sowie im Oktober auftraten.

In der Hämatologie konnte bei 44 von 81 Tieren (54 %) eine Panzytopenie nachgewiesen werden. Eine Anämie lag bei 66 (82 %), eine Thrombozytopenie bei 76 der 81 Patienten (94 %) vor. Nur bei 2 der 81 Fälle konnten keine hämatologischen Veränderungen festgestellt werden. Eine Hyperbilirubinämie fiel bei 66 der 73 gemessenen Bilirubinwerten (90 %) auf.

Bei allen Tieren erfolgte eine Therapie mit zweimaliger Injektion von Imidocarb-Diproprionat (Carbesia®) im Abstand von 14 Tagen. Bei 37 der 81 Patienten (46 %) wurde eine Erfolgskontrolle mittels PCR durchgeführt. Bei den meisten dieser Patienten (92 %) konnte eine erfolgreiche Therapie durch eine negative Babesien-PCR bestätigt werden. Insgesamt 6 der 81 Patienten (7 %) wurden im Laufe der Behandlung eingeschläfert. Die Gründe für die Euthanasie waren progressive Nierenerkrankung, hochgradige intravaskuläre Hämolyse mit der Notwendigkeit von multiplen Bluttransfusionen sowie Bildung von Milz- und Nierenabszessen.

Schlussfolgerung Bei Hunden mit Symptomen wie Apathie, Pyrexie und Hämoglobinurie sowie hämatologischen Veränderungen im Sinne einer Anämie, Thrombozytopenie oder auch häufig einer Panzytopenie sollte eine Babesiose, unabhängig von der Jahreszeit, vor allem im Frühjahr und Herbst differentialdiagnostisch ausgeschlossen werden.
Rückfallverläufe von entlassenen Maßregelvollzugspatienten (§ 63 StGB) differenziert nach Diagnosegruppen
Authors: Klausing Hannah , Seifert Dieter
Published: July 2022

Ziel der Studie ist die deskriptive Beschreibung der Rückfallverläufe von 321 entlassenen Maßregelvollzugspatienten (§ 63 StGB). Die Daten entstammen der Essener prospektiven Langzeitstudie. Die Deliktrückfälle wurden in Zeiträumen von 3 Jahren aggregiert. Im Verlauf des durchschnittlich 16,5-jährigen Beobachtungszeitraums („time-at-risk“) beging etwa ein Drittel erneut Straftaten (35,2 %). Differenziert nach Hauptdiagnosen, wiesen insbesondere entlassene Patienten mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen hohe allgemeine Rückfallraten (57,8 %) auf. Bei aus Gründen der Verhältnismäßigkeit entlassenen Patienten (n = 8; 2,5 %), kam es in 4 Fällen zu einem Rückfall, in 3 Fällen zu einem schwerwiegenden Delikt. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Effektivität des psychiatrischen Maßregelvollzugs und verdeutlichen den Bedarf zusätzlicher Überlegungen bezüglich geeigneter Behandlungsmaßnahmen und ambulanter Nachsorge für persönlichkeitsgestörte Rechtsbrecher.
Addition of Prucalopride to Standard Bowel Preparation Does Not Improve Colonic Mucosa Visualization—A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Singh Gaurav Kr , Chauhan Shamshersingh G. , Lad Saiprasad S. , Sethiya Pratik R. , Gattani Mayur G. , Walke Swapnil , Shah Mit , Pandey Vikas R. , Ingle Meghraj A.
Published: July 2022

Background Colonoscopy is currently gold standard for visualizing colonic mucosa. Presence of constipation is generally associated with poor bowel preparation. We compared effect on colonic cleansing when prucalopride was used as adjunct with polyethylene glycol (PEG) in patients of constipation.

Methods A retrospective study was conducted at our center. One 70 patients with constipation were enrolled in two groups of who took only PEG and other of prucalopride plus PEG+ for bowel preparation. They underwent colonoscopy by a single-blinded experienced endoscopist. Bowel preparation quality was reported by Boston bowel preparation scale prior to washing or suctioning. The groups were analyzed for bowel preparation quality and side effects in either groups based on preformed questionnaire.

Results Mean Boston Stool preparation Score (BSS) in PEG group (5.33 ± 1.43) was slightly higher than PEG+ (5.16 + 1.37) (p-value =0.44). The total number of patients with side effects was higher in PEG+ group than PEG group. (p < 0.05).

Conclusion We conclude addition of prucalopride has no additional benefit when added with standard bowel preparation in patients of constipation. It may rather lead to noncompliance and inferior bowel preparation due to increased side effects.
Imaging Tips and Tricks in Management of Renal and Urothelial Malignancies
Authors: Sanyal Shanti Ranjan , Arora Ankur , Nisreen Amin , Mohamed Khattab , Mohammad Saeed Kilani , Baruah Deb
Published: July 2022

Management of urological malignancies has evolved significantly with continually changing guidelines and treatment options which demand more centralized involvement of radiology than ever before.

Radiologists play a pivotal role in interpreting complex cancer scans and guiding clinical teams toward the best management options in the light of clinical profile. Management of complex uro-oncology cases is often discussed in multidisciplinary meetings which are essential checkpoints to evaluate an overall picture and formulate optimal treatment plans.

The aim of this article is to provide a radiological perspective with practical guidance to fellow radiologists participating in uro-oncology multidisciplinary meetings based on commonly encountered case scenarios, updated guidelines, and cancer pathways.

Crucial imaging tips with regards to renal and urinary tract cancers, upon which therapeutic decisions are made, have been condensed in this article after reviewing several complex cases from urology multidisciplinary meetings and European Association of Urology guidelines.

Outline of various diagnostic and management strategies, key staging features, surveillance guidelines, and, above all, what the onco-urologists want to know from radiologists have been succinctly discussed in this article.
Endocrine Therapy of Adult Gender-Incongruent Individuals Seeking Gender Reaffirmation
Authors: Majumder Anirban
Published: July 2022

Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is integral to the management of gender-incongruent (GI) individuals. GAHT greatly improves the quality of life for GI individuals. Current research about outcomes of GAHT and adverse events in adults receiving GAHT is limited in India and large cohort studies are absent. This document on medical management provides protocols for the prescribing clinician relating to counseling for GAHT, baseline evaluation, choice of therapy, targets for hormone therapy, clinical and biochemical monitoring, and perioperative hormone therapy.
Prevalence of Cervical Spondylosis among Cases with Vertigo in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: S. Prabakaran , A. Raghvi , V. Roselin , RB Namasivaya Navin , S. Rajasekaran
Published: July 2022

Introduction Etiology of vertigo is wide and each etiological factor should be treated accordingly. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of cervical spondylosis among the cases with vertigo and to assess the clinical factors associated with it.

Materials and Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among cases with vertigo attending the outpatient department of otorhinolaryngology at Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, during the months of November 2020 to March 2021. A total of 180 cases with vertigo and 180 controls without vertigo were included in the study. Primary outcome assessed was the prevalence of cervical spondylosis among cases with vertigo and the secondary outcome was to assess the clinical characteristics of the study participants and factors associated with the presence of cervical spondylosis. Analysis was done using SPSS version 20.

Results Majority of participants belong to 51 to 55 years of age with slight female predominance. Impacted cerumen auris, otitis media, and perforated tympanic membrane were noted in 19.4, 10, and 10.6% of cases, respectively. Prevalence of cervical spondylosis was reported as 17.2%, and 12.2% of cases had abnormal pure-tone audiometry findings with significant association between the presences of cervical spondylosis.

Conclusion Assessment of hearing using pure-tone audiometry can be done as a routine practice for all the cases with vertigo which occurs due to cervical spondylosis.
Control of first-mode oblique breakdown in a supersonic boundary layer using micro-groove coating strips
Authors: Liu Zaijie , Zhou Teng , Lu Yuhan , Yan Chao
Published: July 2022

This paper describes a method for controlling the first-mode oblique breakdown in a Mach 2.0 supersonic boundary layer using micro-groove coating strips. The analysis is performed using the nonlinear parabolized stability equations. Micro-groove coating strips with various combinations of the groove half-width, porosity coefficient, and strip width are placed at different streamwise locations to control the transition. The results show that the micro-groove coating strip significantly suppresses the first-mode oblique breakdown. This effect is enhanced as the groove half-width, porosity coefficient, and strip width increase. When the micro-groove coating strip is located in the linear development region of the oblique breakdown, the suppression effect comes from the stabilization of the fundamental oblique mode by the micro-groove coating. When the strip is employed in the early nonlinear or late nonlinear development regions, a second stabilization mechanism, in addition to the stabilization effect of the micro-groove coating strip, is produced by the high-spanwise-wavenumber steady modes. Compared with the stabilization effect of the micro-groove coating strip, the second stabilization effect is more effective. The combination of these two stabilization mechanisms pushes the breakdown farther downstream.
Local angular momentum induced dual orbital effect
Authors: Wang Qiang , Tu Cheng-Hou , He Huan , Xia Zheng-Cong , Hou Xi-Zhe , Li Yong-Nan , Wang Hui-Tian
Published: July 2022

Spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) are two important fundamental degrees of freedom of light and play crucial roles in various light–matter interactions. SAM usually makes the microparticle rotate around its axis, while OAM causes orbital motion of the microparticles around the beam axis. For an optical field with only SAM, the spin-to-orbit conversion may occur under the tightly focused condition, leading to the orbital motion of probing particles. However, it is invalid for weakly focused conditions. Here, we generated an annular optical field without intrinsic OAM by weakly focusing (i.e., negligible spin-to-orbit conversion) a circularly polarized light with a linearly varying radial phase and then observed a kind of dual orbital motion of asymmetric probing particles (Janus particles) in the focal plane. The two orbital motions have opposite directions on both sides across the strongest ring of the annular optical field. In addition to the SAM, the local angular momentum (AM) density also depends on the radial intensity gradient. The radial intensity gradient has the opposite signs on both sides across the strongest ring of the annular optical field, which results in the opposite orbital motions of trapped particles. The manipulation of the local AM density and the resulting novel dual orbital effect in the absence of intrinsic OAM provide a new scene to understand the physics underlying the light–matter interaction, paving the way to some new applications involving the sorting and delivery of microparticles.
Experimental study on pressure distribution of spur dike under the combined action of landslide surge and water flow
Authors: Wang Meili , Tian Ye , Li Xiaoling
Published: July 2022

Combined with the physical model test of the force of landslide surge on the spur dike under the condition of water flow dynamics, this paper measures and analyzes the pressure distribution of the spur dike body, the wave pressure distribution along with the water depth, and the circumferential pressure distribution along with the near-surface layer, the middle layer, and a near-bottom layer of the upstream and downstream spur dikes of the river channel opposite the landslide entry point under the action of pure water flow and wave–current coupling, respectively. For the upstream spur dike, the maximum pressure is concentrated on the right side of the river slope of the spur dike body and the part of the backwater slope close to the spur dike head, that is, the position of the upstream slope; for the downstream spur dike, the pressure on the upstream slope and upstream slope of the spur dike head is the largest. Under the same test parameters, the pressure increase of the downstream spur dike is more significant than that of the upstream spur dike, and the downstream spur dike is easier to be damaged than the upstream spur dike.
Mendelian randomization for causal inference accounting for pleiotropy and sample structure using genome-wide summary statistics
Authors: Hu Xianghong , Zhao Jia , Lin Zhixiang , Wang Yang , Peng Heng , Zhao Hongyu , Wan Xiang , Yang Can
Published: July 2022

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a valuable tool for inferring causal relationships among a wide range of traits using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Existing summary-level MR methods often rely on strong assumptions, resulting in many false-positive findings. To relax MR assumptions, ongoing research has been primarily focused on accounting for confounding due to pleiotropy. Here, we show that sample structure is another major confounding factor, including population stratification, cryptic relatedness, and sample overlap. We propose a unified MR approach, MR-APSS, which 1) accounts for pleiotropy and sample structure simultaneously by leveraging genome-wide information; and 2) allows the inclusion of more genetic variants with moderate effects as instrument variables (IVs) to improve statistical power without inflating type I errors. We first evaluated MR-APSS using comprehensive simulations and negative controls and then applied MR-APSS to study the causal relationships among a collection of diverse complex traits. The results suggest that MR-APSS can better identify plausible causal relationships with high reliability. In particular, MR-APSS can perform well for highly polygenic traits, where the IV strengths tend to be relatively weak and existing summary-level MR methods for causal inference are vulnerable to confounding effects.
Evaluating the structure-coefficient theorem of evolutionary game theory
Authors: McAvoy Alex , Wakeley John
Published: July 2022

In order to accommodate the empirical fact that population structures are rarely simple, modern studies of evolutionary dynamics allow for complicated and highly heterogeneous spatial structures. As a result, one of the most difficult obstacles lies in making analytical deductions, either qualitative or quantitative, about the long-term outcomes of evolution. The “structure-coefficient” theorem is a well-known approach to this problem for mutation–selection processes under weak selection, but a general method of evaluating the terms it comprises is lacking. Here, we provide such a method for populations of fixed (but arbitrary) size and structure, using easily interpretable demographic measures. This method encompasses a large family of evolutionary update mechanisms and extends the theorem to allow for asymmetric contests to provide a better understanding of the mutation–selection balance under more realistic circumstances. We apply the method to study social goods produced and distributed among individuals in spatially heterogeneous populations, where asymmetric interactions emerge naturally and the outcome of selection varies dramatically, depending on the nature of the social good, the spatial topology, and the frequency with which mutations arise.
Historical representations of social groups across 200 years of word embeddings from Google Books
Authors: Charlesworth Tessa E. S. , Caliskan Aylin , Banaji Mahzarin R.
Published: July 2022

Using word embeddings from 850 billion words in English-language Google Books, we provide an extensive analysis of historical change and stability in social group representations (stereotypes) across a long timeframe (from 1800 to 1999), for a large number of social group targets (Black, White, Asian, Irish, Hispanic, Native American, Man, Woman, Old, Young, Fat, Thin, Rich, Poor), and their emergent, bottom-up associations with 14,000 words and a subset of 600 traits. The results provide a nuanced picture of change and persistence in stereotypes across 200 y. Change was observed in the top-associated words and traits: Whether analyzing the top 10 or 50 associates, at least 50% of top associates changed across successive decades. Despite this changing content of top-associated words, the average valence (positivity/negativity) of these top stereotypes was generally persistent. Ultimately, through advances in the availability of historical word embeddings, this study offers a comprehensive characterization of both change and persistence in social group representations as revealed through books of the English-speaking world from 1800 to 1999.
Post-disturbance reorganization of forest ecosystems in a changing world
Authors: Seidl Rupert , Turner Monica G.
Published: July 2022

Forest ecosystems are strongly impacted by continuing climate change and increasing disturbance activity, but how forest dynamics will respond remains highly uncertain. Here, we argue that a short time window after disturbance (i.e., a discrete event that disrupts prevailing ecosystem structure and composition and releases resources) is pivotal for future forest development. Trees that establish during this reorganization phase can shape forest structure and composition for centuries, providing operational early indications of forest change. While forest change has been fruitfully studied through a lens of resilience, profound ecological changes can be masked by a resilience versus regime shift dichotomy. We present a framework for characterizing the full spectrum of change after disturbance, analyzing forest reorganization along dimensions of forest structure (number, size, and spatial arrangement of trees) and composition (identity and diversity of tree species). We propose four major pathways through which forest cover can persist but reorganize following disturbance: resilience (no change in structure and composition), restructuring (structure changes but composition does not), reassembly (composition changes but structure does not), and replacement (structure and composition both change). Regime shifts occur when vegetation structure and composition are altered so profoundly that the emerging trajectory leads to nonforest. We identify fundamental processes underpinning forest reorganization which, if disrupted, deflect ecosystems away from resilience. To understand and predict forest reorganization, assessing these processes and the traits modulating them is crucial. A new wave of experiments, measurements, and models emphasizing the reorganization phase will further the capacity to anticipate future forest dynamics.
Biosynthesis of 3-thia-α-amino acids on a carrier peptide
Authors: Yu Yue , van der Donk Wilfred A.
Published: July 2022

A subset of natural products, such as polyketides and nonribosomal peptides, is biosynthesized while tethered to a carrier peptide via a thioester linkage. Recently, we reported that the biosyntheses of 3-thiaglutamate and ammosamide, single amino acid–derived natural products, employ a very different type of carrier peptide to which the biosynthetic intermediates are bound via an amide linkage. During their biosyntheses, a peptide aminoacyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) ligase (PEARL) first loads an amino acid to the C terminus of the carrier peptide for subsequent modification by other enzymes. Proteolytic removal of the modified C-terminal amino acid yields the mature product. We termed natural products that are biosynthesized using such pathways pearlins. To investigate the diversity of pearlins, in this study we experimentally characterized another PEARL-encoding biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) from
Tistrella mobilis
(
tmo
). The enzymes encoded in the
tmo
BGC transformed cysteine into 3-thiahomoleucine both in vitro and in
Escherichia coli
. During this process, a cobalamin-dependent radical
S-
adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzyme catalyzes
C
-isopropylation. This work illustrates that the biosynthesis of amino acid–derived natural products on a carrier peptide is a widespread strategy in nature and expands the spectrum of thiahemiaminal analogs of amino acids that may serve a broader, currently unknown function.
Filling and emptying a tank of liquid
Authors: Otto Johann , Mungan Carl E
Published: July 2022

A right cylindrical tank open to the atmosphere is being filled by a laminar jet of incompressible inviscid liquid falling onto its free surface. At the same time, fluid is escaping through a hole centered in the bottom of the tank. Newton’s second law for variable mass and the unsteady Bernoulli equation are combined to find the time dependence of the liquid height in the tank. The level of analysis is suitable for an introductory undergraduate course in fluid dynamics.
The 2022 Plasma Roadmap: low temperature plasma science and technology
Authors: Adamovich I , Agarwal S , Ahedo E , Alves L L , Baalrud S , Babaeva N , Bogaerts A , Bourdon A , Bruggeman P J , Canal C , Choi E H , Coulombe S , Donkó Z , Graves D B , Hamaguchi S , Hegemann D , Hori M , Kim H-H , Kroesen G M W , Kushner M J , Laricchiuta A , Li X , Magin T E , Mededovic Thagard S , Miller V , Murphy A B , Oehrlein G S , Puac N , Sankaran R M , Samukawa S , Shiratani M , Šimek M , Tarasenko N , Terashima K , Thomas Jr E , Trieschmann J , Tsikata S , Turner M M , van der Walt I J , van de Sanden M C M , von Woedtke T
Published: July 2022

The 2022 Roadmap is the next update in the series of Plasma Roadmaps published by Journal of Physics D with the intent to identify important outstanding challenges in the field of low-temperature plasma (LTP) physics and technology. The format of the Roadmap is the same as the previous Roadmaps representing the visions of 41 leading experts representing 21 countries and five continents in the various sub-fields of LTP science and technology. In recognition of the evolution in the field, several new topics have been introduced or given more prominence. These new topics and emphasis highlight increased interests in plasma-enabled additive manufacturing, soft materials, electrification of chemical conversions, plasma propulsion, extreme plasma regimes, plasmas in hypersonics, data-driven plasma science and technology and the contribution of LTP to combat COVID-19. In the last few decades, LTP science and technology has made a tremendously positive impact on our society. It is our hope that this roadmap will help continue this excellent track record over the next 5–10 years.
The surface flashover process under positive lightning impulse voltage: initial stage and evolution
Authors: Meng Yang , Xuan Haorui , Deng Zichen , Li Zhichuang , Ding Weidong , Liu Wen
Published: July 2022

Surface flashover is a crucial issue in the field of electrical insulation, and it involves many complex physical processes. In this paper, the development process of the surface flashover was studied from different methods. The initial process of positive surface streamers in different gas environments (air, N2, CO2) was studied by photoelectric observation. The evolution of positive surface streamers in the air was described based on a 2D fluid model. The influence of the surface trap energy level on flashover development and the relationship between gas adsorption and surface trap energy level was discussed by density functional theory calculation preliminarily. The results showed that the initial ionization process of surface flashover is considered as the collision ionization between the initial electrons and gas molecules and photoionization of high-energy photons. Some of the high-energy photons can not only ionize some gas molecules but also cause the surface of the insulator to emit electrons (photoemission process), which could promote the development of the streamer. Both the ionization of the gas molecules and the photoelectric emission of the insulator surface may determine the initial development of surface flashover. During the process of the flashover, the electron density of the surface streamer (∼1021 m−3) is high and the main streamer tends to develop towards the insulator surface. The attraction of surface streamers changes with the position of the initial electron, and the positive surface charge brings the stronger ionization process, and the negative surface charge has the opposite effect. The band gap of the insulator surface is affected by the adsorption of gas molecules, which is considered as introducing shallow traps on the surface. For impulse voltage, the charge accumulation and internal charge migration may be not evident, the initial photoionization process and initial surface charge distribution affect the flashover process primarily.
Revisiting the Kittel’s model of antiferroelectricity: phase diagrams, hysteresis loops and electrocaloric effect
Authors: Lum C Y , Lim K-G , Chew K-H
Published: July 2022

We revisit the Kittel’s model of antiferroelectricity by extending the model to study the phase transitions, hysteresis loop behaviors and electrocaloric effect (ECE) of antiferroelectrics (AFEs). By considering both the first- and second-order AFEs, explicit expressions for the physical and staggered polarizations of AFEs in the stable states are derived. We also obtain the analytical solutions for describing the dielectric susceptibilities of AFEs in the AFE and paraelectric (PE) phases. Coercive fields in AFE are also derived and studied. To verify the usefulness of the Kittel’s model of antiferroelectricity, we apply the model to systematically investigate the phase transitions, hysteresis loops and ECEs of PbZrO3 (PZO). By adopting appropriate values of the Kittel’s parameters for first-order transition, analytical and numerical results are obtained and discussed. Our results show that PZO exhibits a complex temperature (T)—electric field (E) phase diagram, consisting of the AFE, ferroelectrics, ferrielectric, PE and mixed phases. The T-E phase diagram is qualitatively agreed with the new AFE model that was derived based on symmetry by Tolédano and Khalyavin (2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 024105). We found that the calculated zero-field dielectric susceptibility is qualitatively and quantitatively agreed with experimental results. We show that the polarizations and dielectric susceptibilities of PZO in heating and cooling deviate from each other, as expected for the first-order materials. Our calculated results also reveal that the ECE in PZO has an electro-heating of ΔT ≈ +6.5 °C and an electro-cooling of ΔT ≈ −4.0 °C, respectively, which are comparable to the experimental results.
Enhanced d-wave pairing in the two-dimensional Hubbard model with periodically modulated hopping amplitudes
Authors: Yang Shuhui , Liu Xingcan , Li Weiqi , Yang Jianqun , Ying Tao , Li Xingji , Sun Xiudong
Published: July 2022

Utilizing determinant quantum Monte Carlo algorithm, the evolution of the d-wave pairing in the Hubbard model on the square lattice tuned by the periodically modulated hopping amplitudes is studied. The hopping amplitudes are homogeneous in the

x
ˆ

-direction, while in the

y
ˆ

-direction the hopping amplitudes are modulated with period P, where

t
y

=
t
+
d
t

,

t
y

′

=
t
−
(
P
−
1
)
d
t

, and the modulation period P equals 2, 3 and 4 lattice spacings. The latter two modulation periods are motivated by the observation of period-3 and period-4 stripe order in cuprate superconductors. For all the periods P, we find that the modulated hopping inhomogeneity enhances the d-wave pairing and an optimal inhomogeneity exists.
Structural phase-field crystal model for Lennard–Jones pair interaction potential
Authors: Ankudinov V
Published: July 2022

A modification of the structural phase-field crystal model for a Lennard–Jones (LJ) pair interaction potential is presented. Formation of 1D and 2D structures for the LJ-potential was studied numerically. The equilibrium lattice parameters for the obtained structures were found consistent to the correspondent LJ-distance parameters. The lattice parameter of 2D triangle’s structure matches the periodical in 1D, which is consistent to the theory of freezing from the isotropic liquids. Numerically obtained phase diagram of two-dimensional structures qualitatively reproduces classical PFC diagram and coincides with the melting region of high-temperature part of LJ diagram.
Infinity, self-similarity, and continued fractions in physics: applications to resistor network puzzles
Authors: Bissell J J , Nagaitis A M
Published: July 2022

Puzzles involving infinite networks of resistors are an engaging way for students to explore the idea of infinity and self-similarity in physics. Recently K Atkin has described one such puzzle, alongside a solution based on an equivalent finite network (2022 Phys. Educ.
57 025015). Here we present a generalisation of this problem which showcases an important perspective on infinity as the limit of a process, and an alternative method of solution using continued fractions. We illustrate how our method can be used to devise new network puzzles suitable for class challenge problems.
Trajectory of an object sliding across an incline
Authors: Cross Rod
Published: July 2022

Measurements and calculations are presented showing how the trajectory of an object sliding across an inclined plane varies with the launch and incline angles. The trajectory depends on the magnitude and direction of the sliding friction force. The experiment is easy to set up, can be analysed using a video camera, and would be suitable for a student experiment or demonstration.