bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensibilidad climática de tres versiones dendrocronológicas para una conífera mexicana
Authors: Pompa-García Marín , Dávalos-Sotelo Raymundo , Rodríguez-Téllez Efraín , Aguirre-Calderón Óscar A. , Treviño-Garza Eduardo J.
Published: January 2017

Estudios recientes han sugerido que las variaciones climáticas tendrán implicaciones en la biogeografía de los ecosistemas. La dendrocronología representa una herramienta útil para analizar las relaciones clima - árbol. Los anillos de crecimiento usualmente son estandarizados antes del proceso de análisis para disminuir el sesgo causado por los efectos relacionados con el tamaño y la edad del árbol en lo individual. Este proceso produce índices que conservan las señales climáticas comunes en una sola cronología. Sin embargo en aplicaciones dendro-climáticas, pocos estudios documentan su capacidad sensitiva y su selección se puede tornar rutinaria sin diferenciar sus implicaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la sensibilidad climática de tres series dendrocronológicas de Pinus cooperi: Estándar (Sd), Residual (Rd), y Arstan (Ar). Dichas series se asociaron con datos históricos de precipitación, temperaturas, así como dos índices de patrones atmosféricos circulatorios ENSO (Niño3 y MEI).Todas las cronologías mostraron tendencias similares durante los meses de agosto a diciembre del año previo al crecimiento. No obstante, la Rd extendió su respuesta a signos climáticos del año actual, pero fue deficiente con ENSO. Comparativamente la Sd y la Ar destacaron su sensibilidad a fenómenos ENSO en periodos previos al crecimiento. Se concluye que la debida selección de la versión de las series dendrocronológicas es importante en interpretaciones de escenarios climáticos. Tampoco se deben considerar substitutas entre sí. Su complementación con otras herramientas mejoraría la capacidad sensitiva de los procesos ecológicos que ocurren en el bosque.
Análisis dimensional para determinar volumen y peso de madera de mezquite (Prosopis L.)
Authors: Hernández-Herrera José Antonio , Valenzuela-Núñez Luis Manuel , Flores-Hernández Arnoldo , Ríos-Saucedo Julio César
Published: January 2017

El mezquite es uno de los recursos forestales más importantes del norte de México, constituye una parte importante de la flora nacional y es de gran importancia para los habitantes de las zonas áridas y semiáridas. El presente trabajo generó una tabla de volumen en m3 y peso de madera a nivel de predio que puede utilizarse en el área de influencia. Se utilizó el análisis dimensional, con medidas de fácil obtención en los árboles, que permite a los productores, técnicos forestales e instituciones contar con parámetros de producción y volumen de madera para el aprovechamiento racional y sustentable de las poblaciones naturales de mezquite. La evaluación se realizó en los terrenos del Ejido San Antonio de la Sierrecilla, municipio de Mazapil, Zacatecas, México; se realizó un muestreo destructivo de 39 árboles, se midió el diámetro de copa y altura total en cm, las ramas se cubicaron y se pesaron. En el análisis de regresión se utilizó el modelo polinomial, resultando el volumen (m3) = 2,341E-6X2-0,0012X+0,1803 y la determinación de peso fresco (kg)=0,001X2-0,556X+81,909*D con 95% de confiabilidad.
Editorial
Authors: Dávalos-Sotelo Raymundo
Published: January 2017

No aplica.
Studies on the effects of mutagens on cytotoxicity behaviour in Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) Var.CO-7.
Authors: Ariraman M. , Bharathi T. , Dhanavel D.
Published: January 2017

The cytological studies provide more information regarding the response of a genotype to the particular mutagen and also provide chances to select desirable characters. The seeds of pigeon pea were subjected to different doses and concentrations of gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). The effects of different mutagenic treatments on mitosis chromosomal behavior have been studied in both the mutagens. Different types of mitotic aberrations like stickiness, precocious movement, bridge, clumping of chromosome and laggards, etc., were observed in all the treatments. However, the gamma rays treatments proved to be more effective in inducing mitotic aberrations as compared to EMS. The frequency of laggard was high when compared to other mitotic aberrations. The reduction in mitotic index and relative deviation rate frequency were observed with increase in doses and conc. of both the mutagenic treatments and gamma rays were found to be more effective than EMS treatments.
Effect of biofertilizer and some plant growth hormones on germination and seedling character of Sesame (Sesamum indicum (L.)
Authors: Subash M. , Rafath Haseena
Published: January 2017

In this study, the effect of plant growth regulators (IAA and GA3 ) and living bacteria containing (Azospirillam) biofertilizer were investigated on the germination, root length and shoot length. The seeds of sesame variety TMV – 7 were treated with different concentration of gibberlic acid (1.0mgL-1, 1.5 mgL-1, 2.0 mgL-1 and 2.5 mgL-1) and indole acetic acid(1.0mgL-1, 1.5 mgL-1, 2.0 mgL-1 and 2.5 mgL-1). The biofertilizer, Azospirillam was mixed with rice Starch in a container to form slurry . Germination, root length and shoot length were evaluated. From the results, it was observed that the biofertilizer had regulatory effect on seed germination, root length and shoot length over control. In plant growth hormones treated plants, 2.0mg/l of GA3 shows maximum effect compared to IAA. It can be concluded that, the biofertilizer treatment stimulated the germination and growth by excreting phytohormones and enhancing the nutrient mobilization from the seed.
Influence of NaCl salinity on plant growth and nutrient assimilation of Zea mays L.
Authors: Sozharajan R. , Natarajan S.
Published: January 2017

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the world’s leading edible oil and third largest important cereal. In addition to it is used as food for human consumption as well as food grain for livestock. High concentrations of NaCl in soils account for large decrease in the yield of a large variety of crops all over the globe. The objective of the present study was conducted to evaluate NaCl stress on growth and mineral nutrient composition of maize plants. Maize seeds were grown in plastic pots having fine sand. After 20 days of germination, the plants were subjected to seven different concentrations (Control, 25mM, 50mM, 75mM, 100mM, 125mM and 150mM) of NaCl. Plants were analyzed on 15th day after salt treatment. Factorial experiments in a completely randomized design (CRBD) with three replications were applied. The growth parameters and mineral contents Na, Ca, K and Cl were investigated from saline treated and non saline treated plants. Results indicated that the NaCl stress markedly reduced the shoot and root length fresh and dry masses. Moreover Na+, Cl- content increased with increase in NaCl stress, while Ca2+ and K+ were decreased significantly.
Scouting and Education
Authors: Rajamanikam A.
Published: January 2017

“The greatest contribution to education in the 20th century was made not by an educationist, but by a soldier who founded the scout movement”, says George Benard Shaw. The scout movement was started by Lord Baden Powell of Gillwell in 1907. Scouting is not only a training but a supplement to education. And it itself is an education, since it has the similar forms and process of education such as aim, objectives, curriculum, teaching-learning methods and so on. But generally, education means the school and collegiate education, which aims at mental, moral and physical development of the youngmen (boys) and women (girls). We teach systematically, sincerely and scientifically; but with all that, we find education in the doldrums. We hardly find the positive results of teaching or training of mind and character. More so, we find education that makes the boys good and useful citizens.
NaCl stress causes changes in photosynthetic pigments and accumulation of compatible solutes in Zea mays L.
Authors: Sozharajan Rajendran , Natarajan Sabanayagam
Published: January 2017

The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of NaCl on photosynthetic pigments and compatible solutes of Zea mays under salt stress. Seven NaCl regimes were used, 0mM, 25mM, 50mM, 75mM 100mM, 125mM and 150mM. Plants were analyzed on 15th day after salt treatment. A factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design (CRBD) with seven treatments and three replications were applied. From the data attained, we understand that in accordance with the increase in salinity, photosynthetic pigment content reduced drastically, whereas compatible solutes like proline, glycine betaine and sugar enhanced marginally. The accumulation of compatible solutes makes the plant survive against salinity stress.
Some endemic medicinal plants of Andamans with antimicrobial potential
Authors: Bibi Asma , Thangamani A. , Venkatesalu V.
Published: January 2017

The present study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of some endemic plant species used in folkloric medicine by the inhabitants of Andaman Islands, India. The ethanol extracts prepared from the leaves of four plants viz; Alstonia kurzii, Tabernaemontana crispa, Mangifera andamanica and Vitex diversifolia were assessed for antibacterial activity against clinically isolated human pathogenic bacteria and antifungal activity against some phytopathogenic fungi. The ethanol extracts showed more inhibition towards Gram positive than Gram negative bacteria and the bacterial strains showed more susceptibility than the fungal strains tested. Among the plants, Vitex diversifolia exhibited the highest antibacterial activity and Mangifera andamanica showed the highest antifungal activity.
Bioremediation of heavy metals from Distilleries Effluent using Microbes
Authors: Deborah S. , Sebastin Raj J.
Published: January 2017

One of the major universal threats is water pollution. The untreated distilleries effluent discharge into the environment creates a serious problem to the living systems. It may contain carcinogenic aromatics amines, dyes, organic and inorganic chemical compounds. The physicochemical characterization of effluent was collected from Trichy Distilleries & Chemicals pvt Ltd, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India and the chemical analyzed in Soil Testing Laboratory, Tiruchirappalli. The effluent was analyzed by different parameters. The physical parameters are BOD, COD, and DO, TDS, pH and electrical conductivity. Heavy metal analysis included Zinc, Lead, Manganese, Arsenic, Iron, Mercury, Copper, Chromium, Cadmium and Nickel. The soil sample was taken from Trichy Distilleries and Chemicals Ltd and analyzed by serial dilution technique. The three microbes such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida, were isolated from soil source. The isolated organism was treated with the effluent for various concentrations in various hours. The metal accumulations were identified in soil test lab, Trichy. The hyper accumulations of metal in microbes were identified. The present study explores the effectiveness of bioremediation has a simultaneous removal of Zinc, Lead, Manganese, Arsenic, Iron, Mercury, Copper, Chromium, Cadmium and Nickel from the distilleries effluent. Bacillus subtilis bacterial strains effectively remove the heavy metal from the distilleries effluent.
Antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Plectranthus ambionicus and Phyllanthus amarus
Authors: Pathmavathi M. , Thamizhiniyan P.
Published: January 2017

Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of leaves of Plectranthus ambionicus and  Phyllanthus amarus were screened for their antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. Antimicrobial activity was carried out by disc diffusion method, determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) against four strains of Gram positive bacteria, three strains of Gram negative bacteria and three species of fungi. The antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Plectranthus ambionicus and Phyllanthus amarus showed varied levels of antimicrobial activity against the studied bacterial and fungal pathogens. The mean zone of inhibition produced by all the tested extracts ranged from 7.0 ± 0.50 mm to 29.5 ± 0.50 mm. The MIC, MBC and MFC values were between 15.62 and 1000 μg/mL. The ethyl acetate extract of Plectranthus ambionicus showed good antimicrobial activity with the highest mean zone of inhibition (29.5±0.5 mm), lowest MIC (15.62 μg/mL) and MBC (31.25 μg/mL) values followed by ethyl acetate extract of Phyllanthus amarus(23.6±0.50 mm; MIC=62.5; MBC=125 μg/mL) against Aspergillus fumigates.
Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Indole 3-Acetic Acid on Seed Germination Performance of Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) Lam (Verdc)
Authors: Lalitha J. , Rafath Haseena , Subash M.
Published: January 2017

The experiment was undertaken with an objective to investigate the effect of various concentrations of plant growth regulators, i.e., Gibberellic acid (GA3) and Indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) on seed germination of Macrotyloma uniflorum. Seeds were soaked for 12 hours in different concentrations substances (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mg/L) of IAA, GA3 and control set was soaked only in distilled water.  Three replicates of each treatment with fifty seeds per replicate were arranged for precise physiological analysis. Significant variation was found in all aspects after analysis of variance (ANOVA) of each mean value. After two weeks of seed soaking, it was noted that germination percentages were significantly accelerated by lower concentrations (1 and 2 mg) of used hormones. Amongst the two potential growth regulators, 2 mg/L was found most effective because it showed highest germination percentage for IAA (93%) and GA3 (88%). A great deal of information relating to seed germination practices shows that these plant growth regulators were efficient in overcoming dormancy leading to rapid seed germination. IAA was selected as best hormone in this study, which showed highest seed germination (93%).
Stability analysis of selected mutants of Indian indigo (Indigofera tinctoria L.)
Authors: VS Saranya , Abraham Mareen
Published: January 2017

Stability analysis was carried out with nine mutant genotypes and one local accession of neelamari (Indigofera tinctoria L.) under four environments to identify stable genotypes that could be cultivated uniformly under varied environmental conditions for yield and yield attributing traits as well as for the indigotin content. Pooled analysis of variance for stability indicated that all the genotypes of neelamari were highly significant for all the characters indicated that materials selected possessed sufficient genetic variation for all the traits studied. Mean squares due to G x E interaction and E + (G x E) were found significant for some of the traits. Genotype x Environment (linear) were exhibited by all the genotypes for most of the characters. The mutants It-3 and It-6 were stable over all environments for the characters plant spread, dry weight of leaves and indigotin content. Mutant It-8 was stable over favourable environment for the characters plant height, plant spread, girth of stem, total fresh weight of plant, fresh weight of leaves and dry weight of leaves and It-10 was stable over unfavourable environment for  plant spread, total fresh weight of the plant and dry weight of shoot.
Ethnoveterinary Usage of Medicinal plants in Pachamalai Hills, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Manoranjotham M. , Kamaraj M.
Published: January 2017

Medicinal plants played an important role in the healthcare of domestic animal around the world for several thousand years.     The traditional medical systems are generally based on the uses of natural and local medicinal plants.  Non accessibility of modern health facilities necessitate that thepractice traditional medicines for their common day ailments of various animals.Relationship animals by the human beings have always been associated with a specific relation with the quality of patient’s daily life and personal hygiene.  For the present study, a total number of 50 plants belonging different family are reported that are used by the local people to treat various animal disease.  The study also suggests that need to adopt appropriate measures that are used in documenting the ethnoveterinary medicinal practices in Pachamalai Hills, Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu.
Segurança Jurídica e a Técnica de Distinção e Superação dos Precedentes Judiciais
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Délio Mota de
Published: January 2017

O objeto deste estudo é a análise do princípio da segurança jurídica na atual tendência de padronização decisória, que vem ocorrendo no processo civil brasileiro, na medida em que as recentes reformas legislativas atribuem expressa força vinculante às decisões judiciais, revelando a tendência de valorização crescente do uso de julgados como se fossem os precedentes do common law, em clara convergência das tradições civil law e common law. O artigo aborda a necessidade de que tais reformas processuais criem institutos e mecanismos que, apesar de prever a aplicação vinculativa e/ou impor a observância do precedente judicial, possibilite técnica de distinção dos precedentes, bem como de sua superação. Analisa-se a necessidade de assegurar a atribuição dos efeitos prospectivos, no caso da superação de um entendimento consolidado, em atenção ao princípio da segurança jurídica, diante da confiança justificada que existia em relação ao precedente.
Combater a Jurisprudência Defensiva com o Novo CPC: "Yes, We Can!" or Can We?
Authors: Gava Rafael Ambrósio , Moraes Janaina Gomes Garcia De
Published: January 2017

Com o fim utilitarista de reduzir suas cargas de trabalho, os tribunais brasileiros têm cunhado vários entendimentos jurisprudenciais que acarretam restrições ilegítimas ao direito de recorrer, amesquinhando com isso o direito constitucional fundamental de acesso à justiça. Em que pese a existência de estudos a respeito dessa jurisprudência defensiva, ainda há poucos que a analisam à luz do novo Código de Processo Civil (Lei 13.105/2015), o qual está prestes a entrar em vigor. A proposta deste artigo é avaliar a aptidão do novo CPC para sanar esse vício judicante ou, ao menos, dificultar a sua ocorrência. Demonstrou-se, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e mediante uma problematização dedutivo-argumentativa, que a nova lei processual contém uma série de previsões casuísticas e cláusulas gerais que podem ser usadas como instrumentos hábeis a refrear a defensividade jurisprudencial. Nada obstante, a concretização dos efeitos visados com a instituição desses enunciados legais dependerá, em grande parte, da maneira como eles serão interpretados e aplicados pelos operadores do direito.
Análise do Livro i do Novo Código de Processo Civil: Um Reflexo do Fenômeno da Constitucionalização do Processo Civil
Authors: Costa Yvete Flavio da , Moretti Deborah Aline Antonucci
Published: January 2017

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o Livro I do Novo Código de Processo Civil, denominado   Das   normas   processuais   civis   interligando-o   com   o   processo   de constitucionalização que o processo civil vem passando após a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988. Isso porque, a partir da promulgação da Constituição Democrática, esta passou a ser vetor máximo de todo o sistema jurídico. Ou seja, todo o ordenamento deve estar  em  conformidade  com  seus  princípios  e  regras,  sob  pena  de  ser  considerado inconstitucional. O Código anterior, promulgado em 1973, antes, portanto, da Constituição atual, não tinha essa preocupação, pois naquele momento, o vetor máximo do ordenamento jurídico era o Código Civil de 1916. Por isso, em seu texto, não eram encontrados, na forma expressa, alguns dos postulados fundamentais ao desenvolvimento válido e regular do processo civil, tais como o contraditório, a ampla defesa e a publicidade processual. Com isso em mente, o legislador trouxe, nesse capítulo, uma espécie de apanhado de normas de introdução ao processo civil, regulando a aplicação do processo no tempo e no espaço, além de positivar os ditames constitucionais que não se encontravam presentes de forma expressa no texto codificado anterior. Justifica-se então, a presente pesquisa, na necessidade de efetuar um aprofundamento no estudo da constitucionalização do processo civil, tendo em vista a contemporaneidade do assunto. De forma a possibilitar o aprofundamento temático do assunto, foram empregados os métodos lógico dedutivo e lógico indutivo, já que a pesquisa teve por base a investigação dedutiva da nova legislação.
O Contraditório na Aplicação em Juízos Prima Facie da Tese Jurídica Firmada no Julgamento de Casos Repetitivos
Authors: Cardoso Juliana Provedel
Published: January 2017

O presente artigo tem como escopo a análise do contraditório efetivo conceituado a partir do Estado Democrático Constitucional de Direito e da estrutura cooperativa do processo. Nesse sentido, é feita uma análise do modelo de casos repetitivos, com especial relevância para o Código de Processo Civil de 2015, colocados em evidência a improcedência liminar do pedido, os recursos extraordinário e especial repetitivos, e o incidente de resolução de demandas repetitivas. Fixadas as premissas, é feita ainda uma análise do contraditório na aplicação em juízos prima facie da tese jurídica firmada no julgamento de casos repetitivos, na perspectiva da motivação da decisão judicial (discurso do caso) e da ordem jurídica (discurso do precedente).
A Defesa Coletiva do Direito do Consumidor e o Veto ao Incidente de Coletivização no Novo Código de Processo Civil
Authors: Almeida Roberto De Oliveira , Viegas Thais Emilia de Sousa
Published: January 2017

A massificação da produção e do consumo ensejou a elevação de processos judiciais. Dado o sistema processual eminentemente individualista, as demandas de consumo com sua tônica e repercussão difusas alimentaram a necessidade de se avançar na tutela dos direitos fundamentais de que são titulares os consumidores. A entrada em vigor do Novo Código de Processo Civil e o veto presidencial ao incidente de coletivização de coloca o problema do abarrotamento do Poder Judiciário em face de demandas consumeristas que só aumentam e se repetem. Neste contexto, a pesquisa propõe-se a discutir os fundamentos do veto ao incidente.
Atualização da Ação Sindical para os Desafios da Contemporaneidade
Authors: Lobato Marcia Regina , Eça Vitor Salino de Moura
Published: January 2017

O presente  artigo  tem  como  propósito  analisar  o  modelo  sindical  brasileiro  na contemporaneidade, iniciando-se pela definição doutrinária de sindicato, seguindo-se pela abordagem de sua evolução histórica e da regulamentação do sindicalismo no ordenamento jurídico pátrio. Tratar-se-á do modelo vigente, assim como de suas funções e prerrogativas dominantes, em consonância com a sua finalidade precípua, mormente a de representar e defender os direitos e interesses dos trabalhadores, em todos os segmentos de ocupação. Será demonstrada  a  importância  do  papel  dos  sindicatos  no  procedimento  das  negociações coletivas laborais para a promoção de ajustes entre o capital e o trabalho visto que, sem a sua presença os pactos não se realizariam. A atual conjuntura sócioeconômica por que passa o Brasil afeta sobremaneira todos os assalariados que muito comumente têm surpreendido com a ameaça de desemprego. Tal situação conduz à necessidade de um debate com o fito de invocar a força sindical para negociar, mesmo que em uma situação de desequilíbrio. Isso propicia o diálogo entre as categorias profissional e econômica, a fim de sugerir soluções para os desafios característicos de tempos de crise, de modo a assegurar o maior número de postos de trabalho e, assim, evitar o retrocesso na busca de uma sociedade mais justa, equânime, solidária e condescendente.
Crise Jurídico - Institucional nos Centros Educacionais de Fortaleza: Uma Ameaça aos Direitos Fundamentais dos Adolescentes em Conflito com a Lei
Authors: Lima Monaliza Lima , Santiago Vanessa De Lima Marques
Published: January 2017

Pretende-se demonstrar a crise vivenciada nos centros educacionais da cidade de Fortaleza, no aspecto jurídico e institucional, revelando o descumprimento dos direitos fundamentais em função, apenas, da preocupação punitiva, abandonando a finalidade pedagógica-educativa de  tais  centros.  A  pesquisa  pautou-se  em  revisão  bibliográfica  e  no  método  dedutivo- indutivo. Análise da evolução histórica da legislação referente aos direitos e deveres das crianças e dos adolescentes, reflexão das condições vivenciadas nos Centros Educacionais da capital cearense e apontamento de possíveis medidas a serem implementadas visando a minimização dos efeitos da referida crise.
Direitos Humanos em Perspectiva Decolonial: Por um Direito Inclusivo da Sexualidade
Authors: Pereira Isabella Isabella Bruna , Pinheiro Douglas Antônio Rocha
Published: January 2017

Os direitos humanos costumam ser manejados sobre um pano de fundo europeu. Condutas são avalizadas a partir de um padrão ético localizado, razão por que uma perspectiva decolonial dos direitos humanos é necessária. Como exemplo, o presente artigo discute a superação da heteronormatividade brasileira enquanto tradição inventada e naturalizada. Afinal, pela análise de nossa história, é possível identificar a imposição de um certo padrão sexual, principalmente em razão do colonialismo. O artigo defende, pois, a desobediência epistêmica proposta pela crítica decolonial e multicultural para garantir uma prática mais inclusiva dos direitos humanos, especialmente os relativos à sexualidade.
Notas Sobre a Violência do Estado Contra os Movimentos de Trabalhadores Rurais
Authors: Preussler Gustavo De Souza
Published: January 2017

O presente artigo faz um estudo sobre a violência estrutural do Estado e o poder econômico enquanto instrumentos de opressão e propulsor dos conflitos agrários. O objetivo geral é esclarecer no que consiste violência estrutural no Brasil contemporâneo e suas implicações nos  conflitos  agrários.  Como  objetivos  específicos,  pretende  delinear  a  atuação  de instrumentos econômicos de opressão, expor a divisão de classes no âmbito rural, a violência econômica e seus reflexos na violência institucional (atuação da Justiça de Classe).
Insect Biodiversity in Organic and Non-Organic Rice Ecosystem in The District of Bantul
Authors: Ovawanda Eka Armi , Witjaksono Witjaksono , Trisyono Y. Andi
Published: January 2017

Measuring biodiversity of insects is an essential part in management concept of insect pest populations based on ecology. This study examined the index of insect biodiversity by measuring species richness, species evenness and heterogeneity in organic and non-organic rice farming ecosystem. The sampling was conducted during the planting season of April–May 2015 and October–November 2015 at 44, 52 and 66 days after rice transplanting (DAT). High number of species richness (7 to 13 species) was found in the non-organic rice field (April–May 2015). In contrast, high number of species richness (22 to 33 species) was found in the organic rice field (October–November 2015). The species evenness and heterogeneity in the organic farming were generally higher than these in the non-organic rice in the both of planting season April–May 2015 and October–November 2015. Overall, the organic rice farming ecosystem can increase species richness, species evenness and heterogeneity of insect. INTISARI Mengukur biodiversitas serangga adalah salah satu bagian penting dalam konsep pengelolaan populasi serangga hama berbasis ekologi. Penelitian ini mengkaji indeks biodiversitas serangga dengan mengukur kekayaan spesies (species richness), kemerataan spesies (species evenness), dan keanekaragaman/kelimpahan spesies (heterogenity) pada sistem budidaya padi organik dan non-organik. Pengambilan sampel diperoleh pada saat musim tanam April–Mei 2015 dan musim tanam Oktober–November 2015 di 44, 52, dan 66 hari setelah tanam. Total kekayaan spesies tertinggi (7–13 spesies) ditemukan di lahan padi non-organik (April–Mei 2015). Sebaliknya, total kekayaan spesies (22–33 spesies) ditemukan di lahan padi organik (Oktober–November 2015). Kemerataan spesies dan heterogenitas di lahan padi organik secara umum lebih tinggi dibanding di padi non-organik pada kedua musim tanam April–Mei 2015 dan Oktober–November 2015. Secara keseluruhan, sistem budidaya di ekosistem padi organik dapat meningkatkan kekayaan spesies, kemerataan spesies, dan heterogenitas serangga.
Pengaruh Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Peningkatan Sumberdaya Ekonomi Keluarga
Authors: Kuncoro Amin , Kadar Kadar
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study aims to find out the impact of women empowerment and raising the family economic resources in Sambiroto village, before and after the presence of Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUB). Through the descriptive-quantitative approach, using quota sampling method, 50 samples were taken from 125 populations of the women in Sambiroto village. By using one sample t-test, the data showed that KUB was well utilized by the villagers as an organization or place to share their various creativities. It can be seen from the rising people’s participation. The other side, KUB was also able to give value plus to all of the villagers in Sambiroto, in term of empowering their lives. Keywords: empowerment, economic resources, and participation AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberdayaan perempuan dan peningkatan sumberdaya ekonomi keluarga di desa Sambiroto sebelum dan sesudah adanya kelompok usaha bersama (KUB). Dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan populasi ibu-ibu desa Sambiroto yang berjumlah 125 orang, yang ditentukan berdasarkan quota sampling, dengan uji analisis beda dua rata-rata dapat dijelaskan bahwa kelompok usaha bersama merupakan wadah atau tempat berbagi ilmu tentang pemberdayaan dan kreatifitas warga, terlihat dari indikator semakin tingginya warga yang bersedia untuk berpartisipasi. Selain itu, kelompok usaha bersama pun mampu memberikan nilai tambah bagi seluruh warga masyarakat di Desa Sambiroto Kecamatan Tayu Kabupaten Pati dalam hal peningkatan kehidupannya.Kata Kunci: pemberdayaan, sumber daya ekonomi, dan partisipasi
Regulasi Peran Maternal Perempuan Studi Analisis atas Novel Beloved Karya Toni Morrison
Authors: Fatmasari Yuniar
Published: January 2017

AbstractBasically, the body of the black woman slaves have experienced an immensely oppression whether from the economic, politic, and ideological dimensions; nevertheless, it is the ideological strategy which is believed in contributing the biggest and furthest effect so that the oppression still exists even the slavery has been abolished. During the slavery, the black woman slaves are forced to give birth as many as possible for the profit of the master. This shows that there is a control over the womb of the black woman slave. One of the strategies that the writer wants to convey in this article is the regulation on the maternal role of the black woman slaver. The individual maternal role is considered as a good strategy to conquer the body of the black woman slave so that they and the post-slavery black women are placing a disadvantage position in the social structure. Racism, sexism, class, and gender issues are assumed as the causal factors of this kind of social inequity.Keywords: individual maternal role, communal maternal role AbstrakPada dasarnya, tubuh budak perempuan kulit hitam telah mengalami opresi secara besar-besaran baik dari dimensi ekonomi, politik dan ideologi; namun demikian, strategi ideologi-lah yang dipercaya memberikan efek paling besar dan dalam sehingga opresi tetap ada bahkan meski perbudakan itu sendiri telah ditiadakan. Selama perbudakan,budak perempuan kulit hitam dipaksa melahirkan anak sebanyak mungkin untuk kepentingan profit sang majikan dan hal tersebut menunjukkan adanya kontrol terhadap rahim budak perempuan kulit hitam. Salah satu strategi yang penulis ingin kemukakan di dalam artikel ini adalah regulasi terhadap peran maternal budak perempuan kulit hitam. Peran maternal individu dianggap strategis untuk menguasai tubuh perempuan kulit hitam sehingga budak perempuan kulit hitam dan perempuan kulit hitam pasca perbudakan menempati posisi yang tidak menguntungkan di dalam struktur sosial.Wacana rasisme, seksisme, kelas dan gender diasumsikan menjadi faktor penyebab ketimpangan sosial semacam ini.Kata kunci: peran maternal individu, peran maternal komunal
Khitan Anak Perempuan, Tradisi, dan Paham Keagamaan Islam: Analisa Teks Hermeneutika Fazlur Rahman
Authors: Sa’dan Masthuriyah
Published: January 2017

The practice of girls circumcision in Indonesian still exists these days. Though it is not as severe as the practice of circumcision in Africa and Middle East, the practice of circumcision in Indonesia is still classified as very unsophisticated: utilizing a small knife and turmeric cut at the tip of the newborn baby clitoris. This practice has been performed hereditary. Merely, in various ways, the construction of gender often cause detriment on female, since there are assumptions and beliefs on female sanctity myth. Yet this practice is very detrimental for female if it is reviewed from the medical, humanity, and social aspects. Ironically, such practice often utilized teological legitimation theorem to strengthen the root of violence against female. Employing Fazlur Rahman’s hermeneutic analysis on double movement theory, this article studied the practice of female circumcision along with tradition and religious interpretation. The result of this study is that the moral ideal aspect of the female circumcision tradition has caused detriment on female whether in medical side or woman’s rights. Subsequently, by legal aspect, the practice of circumcision is only for boys and not for girls.Praktik khitan bagi anak perempuan di daerah Nusantara masih eksis hingga sekarang, meski tidak separah seperti praktik khitan di daerah Afrika dan Timur tengah, praktik khitan di Indonesia masih tergolong sangat sederhana. Dengan menggunakan pisau kecil dan kunyit yang disayat di bibir klitoris bayi yang baru dilahirkan. Praktik tersebut telah berjalan secara turun temurun. Secara sederhana, dalam beberapa bentuk, seringkali konstruksi gender merugikan banyak kaum perempuan, karena adanya asumsi dan kepercayaan tentang mitos kesucian perempuan. Padahal praktik tersebut sangat merugikan perempuan jika ditinjau dari aspek medis, kemanusiaan dan sosial humaniora. Ironisnya, praktik yang demikian seringkali menggunakan dalil legitimasi teologis untuk menguatkan akar kekerasan terhadap perempuan. Dengan menggunakan pisau analisa hermeneutika Fazlur Rahman tentang teori gerak ganda, tulisan ini mengkaji praktik khitan perempuan dengan tradisi dan tafsir keagamaan. Adapun hasil kajian dari tulisan ini adalah bahwa aspek ideal moral dari tradisi khitan perempuan telah merugikan pihak perempuan baik dari segi medis maupun hak asasi perempuan. Kemudian secara aspek legal, praktik khitan adalah untuk anak laki-laki dan bukan kepada anak perempuan.
Teologi Penciptaan Perempuan: Rekonstruksi Penafsiran Menuju Kesetaraan Gender
Authors: Hanafi H.
Published: January 2017

This article aims to reconstruct religious doctrine which states that the first woman (Hawa) was created from the rib of a man (Adam). It is an important issue as for the feminist, if the reconstruction of the interpretation is not conducted, the stereotypes against women will appear, i.e., they are the second creature, a hierarchical system between men and women in society. This stereotype should be changed by reconstructing current religious conception by employing different approach to the religious texts conveying this topic. That is why this issue is important. The method of this research is reading primary sources such as quranic exegeses in the initial, mid, and contemporary period. By comparing their methodologies, it is expected that the more refreshing interpretation models will be found.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk merekontruksi doktrin agama yang mengatakan bahwa perempuan pertama (Hawa) diciptakan dari tulang rusuk laki-laki (Adam). Isu ini penting sebab menurut kaum feminis, jika rekontruksi penafsiran tidak dilakukan, maka muncul stereotif terhadap perempuan bahwa perempuan itu makhluk kedua, sistem hirarki antara laki-laki dan perempuan, dan stereotif yang ini harus diubah dengan cara merekonstruksi pemahaman keagamaan selama ini yang mengatakan bahwa perempuan itu diciptakan dari tulang rusuk laki-laki dengan cara melakukan pendekatan yang berbeda terhadap teks-teks agama yang membahas tentang tema ini. Rekonsturksi penafsiran dalam pembahasan ini adalah melihat bagaimana metodologi yang digunakan oleh pakar tafsir generasi awal, pertengahan, dan kontemporer. Dengan cara perbandingan ini, akan ditemukan model penafsiran yang lebih menyegarkan.
Sertifikasi Produk Halal: Studi Perbandingan Indonesia dan Thailand
Authors: Aminuddin Muh. Zumar
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis research is intended to describe the relationship between religion and State in handling the Halal products certification in Indonesia and Thailand. Halal certification in Indonesia was initially civil society movement that supported by the state, which is taken by LPPOM MUI.  The main objective was to protect Muslim from Haram products.  However, by coming out of law no. 33 2014 about halal product guarantee, the halal certification will be carried out by the state institution, that is Security Agency Halal Products known as BPJPH. While in Thailand, Halal product certification is the authority of Central Islamic Council of Thailand (CICOT) which is similar to the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI). In Thailand, Halal product certification has much giving supports to the government economic, especially for the purpose of exporting food to the Muslim countries and also to attract Muslim tourist to visit Thailand. Keywords: Religion, Country, Halal Certification  AbstrakPenelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mendeskripsikan hubungan antara agama dan negara dalam penanganan sertifikasi produk halal di Indonesia dan Thailand. Indonesia pada awalnya sertifikasi halal merupakan gerakan civil society yang didukung negara, yaitu LPPOM MUI. Tujuan utamanya adalah melindungi umat islam dari barang-barang haram. Namun dengan keluarnya Undang-undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 Tentang Jaminan Produk Halal, penanganan sertifikasi halal akan dilakukan oleh lembaga negara, yaitu Badan penyelenggara Jaminan Produk Halal (BPJPH).  Sedangkan di Thailand sertifiksi halal menjadi wewenang penuh Central Islamic Council Of Thailand (CICOT), semacam MUI di Indonesia. Di Thailand sertifikasi produk halal sangat membantu negara di sektor ekonomi, terutama untuk kepentingan ekspor makanan ke negara-negara muslim serta menarik wisatawan muslim ke Thailand. Kata Kunci: Agama, negara, sertifikasi halal
Comparative performance analysis of experimental frigorific air conditioning system using R-134a and HFO-1234yf as a refrigerant
Authors: Direk Mehmet , Tunckal Cuneyt , Yuksel Fikret
Published: January 2017

In this study, to evaluate the comparative experimental performances, a
frigorific air conditioning system using HFO1234yf and R134a was developed
and refrigerated air was introduced into a conditioned room. The experiment
was carried out at different condenser inlet temperatures and using the
refrigerants at different charges, 1250 g, 1500g, and 1750g. Experiments were
conducted for a standard frigorific air conditioning system using the
HFO1234yf and R-134a system. Air flow was introduced to the conditioned room
for 60 minutes for each performance test. The results revealed that the
temperature gradient in time was comparable for both refrigerants. The
results of this investigation propose utilising HFO1234yf as a replacement
for the currently favoured R134a in a frigorific air conditioning system.
Cancer statistics, 2017
Authors: Siegel Rebecca L. , Miller Kimberly D. , Jemal Ahmedin
Published: January 2017

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2017, 1,688,780 new cancer cases and 600,920 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. For all sites combined, the cancer incidence rate is 20% higher in men than in women, while the cancer death rate is 40% higher. However, sex disparities vary by cancer type. For example, thyroid cancer incidence rates are 3‐fold higher in women than in men (21 vs 7 per 100,000 population), despite equivalent death rates (0.5 per 100,000 population), largely reflecting sex differences in the “epidemic of diagnosis.” Over the past decade of available data, the overall cancer incidence rate (2004‐2013) was stable in women and declined by approximately 2% annually in men, while the cancer death rate (2005‐2014) declined by about 1.5% annually in both men and women. From 1991 to 2014, the overall cancer death rate dropped 25%, translating to approximately 2,143,200 fewer cancer deaths than would have been expected if death rates had remained at their peak. Although the cancer death rate was 15% higher in blacks than in whites in 2014, increasing access to care as a result of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act may expedite the narrowing racial gap; from 2010 to 2015, the proportion of blacks who were uninsured halved, from 21% to 11%, as it did for Hispanics (31% to 16%). Gains in coverage for traditionally underserved Americans will facilitate the broader application of existing cancer control knowledge across every segment of the population. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:7–30. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Impact on the Gas Barrier Property of Silicon Oxide Films Prepared by Tetramethylsilane-Based PECVD Incorporating with Ammonia
Authors: Liu Hua-Wen , Chen Tai-Hong , Chang Chun-Hao , Lu Shao-Kai , Lin Yi-Cyuan , Liu Day-Shan
Published: January 2017

The gas barrier property of a silicon oxide (SiOx) film synthesized from plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using the tetramethysilane (TMS)-oxygen gas mixture was modified by introducing ammonia gas in the glow discharge. The change in the glow discharge with the ammonia gas incorporation was monitored by an optical emission spectrometer (OES). Structures, chemical bond configurations, and material properties of the resulting films were investigated. The introduced ammonia gas in the TMS-oxygen plasma resulted in emission lines dominated by the N2 and CN species with the suppression of the OH and oxygen-related radicals, thereby introducing nitrogen and carbon atoms in the deposited film. A silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy) film had the best surface morphology and the lowest residual internal stress was achievable by controlling the reactant gas flow ratio of the ammonia and oxygen. The barrier property to the water vapor permeation of the silicon oxide film (~1.65 g/m2/day) deposited onto the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate was thus greatly improved to 0.06 g/m2/day for the film synthesized from an adequate TMS-oxygen-ammonia gas mixture.
A Dynamic Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Parameter Optimization for Multiple Driving Cycles and Driving Pattern Recognition
Authors: Lei Zhenzhen , Cheng Dong , Liu Yonggang , Qin Datong , Zhang Yi , Xie Qingbo
Published: January 2017

The driving pattern has an important influence on the parameter optimization of the energy management strategy (EMS) for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). A new algorithm using simulated annealing particle swarm optimization (SA-PSO) is proposed for parameter optimization of both the power system and control strategy of HEVs based on multiple driving cycles in order to realize the minimum fuel consumption without impairing the dynamic performance. Furthermore, taking the unknown of the actual driving cycle into consideration, an optimization method of the dynamic EMS based on driving pattern recognition is proposed in this paper. The simulation verifications for the optimized EMS based on multiple driving cycles and driving pattern recognition are carried out using Matlab/Simulink platform. The results show that compared with the original EMS, the former strategy reduces the fuel consumption by 4.36% and the latter one reduces the fuel consumption by 11.68%. A road test on the prototype vehicle is conducted and the effectiveness of the proposed EMS is validated by the test data.
Energy Performance and Radial Force of a Mixed-Flow Pump with Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Tip Clearances
Authors: Hao Yue , Tan Lei , Liu Yabin , Xu Yun , Zhang Jinsong , Zhu Baoshan
Published: January 2017

The energy performance and radial force of a mixed flow pump with symmetrical and unsymmetrical tip clearance are investigated in this paper. As the tip clearance increases, the pump head and efficiency both decrease. The center of the radial force on the principal axis is located at the coordinate origin when the tip clearance is symmetrical, and moves to the third quadrant when the tip clearance is unsymmetrical. Analysis results show that the total radial force on the principal axis is closely related to the fluctuation of mass flow rate in each single flow channel. Unsteady simulations show that the dominant frequencies of radial force on the hub and blade correspond to the blade number, vane number, or double blade number because of the rotor stator interaction. The radial force on the blade pressure side decreases with the tip clearance increase because of leakage flow. The unsymmetrical tip clearances in an impeller induce uneven leakage flow rate and then result in unsymmetrical work ability of each blade and flow pattern in each channel. Thus, the energy performance decreases and the total radial force increases for a mixed flow pump with unsymmetrical tip clearance.
Design Parameters of Vortex Pumps: A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies
Authors: Gerlach Angela , Thamsen Paul , Wulff Sebastian , Jacobsen Christian
Published: January 2017

Vortex pumps can impel solid-containing fluids and are therefore widely applied, from wastewater transport to the food industry. Despite constant efforts to improve vortex pumps, however, they have remained relatively inefficient compared to conventional centrifugal pumps. To find an optimized design of vortex pumps, this paper provides a systematic analysis on experimental studies that investigated how variations in geometric parameters influence vortex pump characteristics, in particular the pump head, the pressure coefficient and the efficiency for best point operation. To this end, an extensive literature search was conducted, and eighteen articles with 53 primary investigations were identified and meta-integrated. This showed that it is not yet clarified how vortex pumps operate. Two different assumptions of the underlying operating principle of a vortex pump lead to diverging design principles. From the results of this meta-analysis, we deduce recommendations for a more efficient design of a vortex pump and emphasize further aspects on the underlying operating principle of a vortex pump.