bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
КРИЗОВЕ УПРАВЛІННЯ В УМОВАХ ПОВНОМАСШТАБНОЇ ВІЙНИ
Authors: Колодка Андрій
Published: February 2023

Стійке функціонування суспільства в умовах інформаційних викликів під час повномасштабної російсько-української війни є ключовою умовою забезпечення громадянської безпеки. Проведення методичних та наукових досліджень з цього питання дає змогу отримати передовий досвід антикризового менеджменту. Відповідно науковим завданням є теоретичне обґрунтування складових розвитку кризового менеджменту від гібридного протистояння до повномасштабної війни та їх характеристики. В основу аналізу механізму державного антикризового управління покладено інформаційну протидію як його основний важіль та обґрунтовано його суттєві характеристики. Можна стверджувати, що проблема управління кризою внаслідок повномасштабної війни недостатньо досліджена вітчизняними та зарубіжними вченими. Основний акцент було зроблено на антикризовому управлінні в умовах гібридної війни як складовій заходів реагування на виникнення кризи. Методами дослідження були контент-аналіз, гіпотетичний та загальнонауковий. На підґрунті аналізу попередніх наукових розвідок визначено проблемні питання державного управління у сфері інформаційної протидії, зокрема елементи антикризового менеджменту. Опрацьовано питання щодо організації інформаційної взаємодії органів державного управління під час повномасштабної війни, врегулювання кризових ситуацій в умовах повномасштабної війни, вжиття відповідних заходів для своєчасного реагування. Проведене дослідження є теоретичним підтвердженням гіпотези про те, що інформація є основою прийняття антикризових управлінських рішень і ключовим фактором безпеки держави. Аналіз системи антикризового управління показує, що одна зі складових діяльності органів управління спрямована на організацію та підтримку важливих систем життєзабезпечення. Значну увагу приділено також системі методичних та організаційних проблем протидії у сфері інформаційного забезпечення.
Pengaruh Employee Engagement, Beban Kerja dan Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Kosim Abdul , Wicaksono Bagas , Alimi Sadam , Gunawan Ahmad
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh employee engagement, beban kerja, dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja. Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, pengumpulan data menggunakan cross-sectional dengan metode sampling non-probability sampling, dengan teknik convenience sampling, yaitu pengumpulan sampel secara random didapat dari anggota populasi yang mudah diakses oleh peneliti. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 48 karyawan PT. Kharisma Indonesia, peneliti menggunakan kuesioner skala likert dalam pengumpulan data. Data yang terkumpul diolah dengan Structural Equation Model (SEM) dengan software SmartPLS versi 3.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan employee engagement berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja, beban kerja tidak signifikan memengaruhi kinerja, kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja.
Clinical Outcome of Endoscopic Procedure in Patients with Shunt Malfunction
Authors: Kim Kyung Hyun , Shim Youngbo , Lee Ji Yeoun , Phi Ji Hoon , Koh Eun Jung , Kim Seung-Ki
Published: February 2023

Objective : The goal of this study was to analyze the clinical outcomes of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and endoscopic septostomy when shunt malfunction occurs in a patient who has previously undergone placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.Methods : From 2001 to 2020 at Seoul National University Children's Hospital, patients who underwent ETV or endoscopic septostomy for shunt malfunction were retrospectively analyzed. Initial diagnosis (etiology of hydrocephalus), age at first shunt insertion, age at endoscopic procedure, magnetic resonance or computed tomography image, subsequent shunting data, and follow-up period were included.Results : Thirty-six patients were included in this retrospective study. Twenty-nine patients, 18 males and 11 females, with shunt malfunction underwent ETV. At the time of shunting, the age ranged from 1 day to 15.4 years (mean, 2.4 years). The mean age at the time of ETV was 13.1 years (range, 0.7 to 29.6 years). Nineteen patients remained shunt revision free. The 5-year shunt revisionfree survival rate was 69% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54–0.88). Seven patients, three males and four females, with shunt malfunction underwent endoscopic septostomy. At the time of shunting, the age ranged from 0.2 to 12 years (mean, 3.9 years). The mean age at the time of endoscopic septostomy was 11.9 years (range, 0.5 to 29.5 years). Four patients remained free of shunt revision or addition. The 5-year shunt revision-free survival rate was 57% (95% CI, 0.3–1.0). There were no complications associated with the endoscopic procedures.Conclusion : The results of our study demonstrate that ETV or endoscopic septostomy can be effective and safe in patients with shunt malfunction.
Deep Learning-based Prediction of Axial Length Using Ultra-widefield Fundus Photography
Authors: Oh Richul , Lee Eun Kyoung , Bae Kunho , Park Un Chul , Yu Hyeong Gon , Yoon Chang Ki
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To develop a deep learning model that can predict the axial lengths of eyes using ultra-widefield (UWF) fundus photography.Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients who visited the ophthalmology clinic at the Seoul National University Hospital between September 2018 and December 2021. Patients with axial length measurements and UWF images taken within 3 months of axial length measurement were included in the study. The dataset was divided into a development set and a test set at an 8:2 ratio while maintaining an equal distribution of axial lengths (stratified splitting with binning). We used transfer learning-based on EfficientNet B3 to develop the model. We evaluated the model’s performance using mean absolute error (MAE), R-squared (R2), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used vanilla gradient saliency maps to illustrate the regions predominantly used by convolutional neural network.Results: In total, 8,657 UWF retinal fundus images from 3,829 patients (mean age, 63.98 ±15.25 years) were included in the study. The deep learning model predicted the axial lengths of the test dataset with MAE and R2 values of 0.744 mm (95% CI, 0.709–0.779 mm) and 0.815 (95% CI, 0.785–0.840), respectively. The model’s accuracy was 73.7%, 95.9%, and 99.2% in prediction, with error margins of ±1.0, ±2.0, and ±3.0 mm, respectively.Conclusions: We developed a deep learning-based model for predicting the axial length from UWF images with good performance.
Possibility of Neurological Diseases Associated with Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia
Authors: Montriwet Mayuree
Published: February 2023

Purpose: This study investigated the possibility of neurological etiologies causing acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) and to evaluate the differences in clinical features between younger children, older children, and adults.Methods: In this retrospective analysis, patients who had been diagnosed with AACE between July 2017 and June 2021 were included. Data on clinical findings, medical history, brain or orbital imaging, and ophthalmological and orthoptic examinations were retrieved from medical records and analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups based on their age: younger children (<10 years), older children (10–18 years), and adults (>18 years).Results: Overall, 41 patients with AACE (15 females and 26 males) were examined. Most patients were children. Mild hyperopia was observed in children, while adults had moderate to high myopia. The mean angle of esotropia at a distance fixation was 43.57 ± 9.77, 51.54 ± 8.75, and 30.14 ± 12.39 prism diopters (PD) in younger children, older children, and adult groups, respectively. The mean angle of esotropia at a near fixation was 43.57 ± 9.37, 51.15 ± 9.39, and 31.43 ± 12.15 PD in younger children, older children, and adult groups, respectively. Significant differences were found in the mean angles of esotropia in patients with AACE at both near and far distances according to their age (all p < 0.001). Among 36 patients with previous neuroimaging data, none had AACE secondary to intracranial lesions. Over 2 years, five patients who were under continuous observation did not develop any neurological abnormalities.Conclusions: AACE was more common in children than in adults. The angle of deviation was larger in children than in adults. Coexisting or underlying neurological diseases were not present in patients with isolated AACE, which eliminated the need for neuroimaging. Continuous follow-up evaluations are warranted when signs of intracranial disease are observed in patients who have not undergone an imaging investigation.
Students’ Challenges and Barriers in the Completion of an Undergraduate Thesis in the Case of A Premier Local College in the Philippines
Authors: Lobo Joseph
Published: February 2023

Writing a thesis has always been considered one of the most challenging aspects of being an undergraduate student. However, no research on the difficulties of undergraduate students in the setting of Local Colleges and Universities (LCUs) in the Philippines has been identified. The purpose of this sequential explanatory research was to evaluate the challenges and obstacles experienced by undergraduate students while finishing their theses. Students pursuing a Bachelor of Physical Education at City College of Angeles in the Philippines who have completed writing and defending their theses comprise the study's participants. After gathering data from 116 students via an online survey (Nmale = 59, Nfemale = 57) for the quantitative phase, it was determined that infrastructure, communication, and time management presented a moderate amount of difficulty for students. Additionally, after the thematic analysis, three major themes and six sub-themes emerged: (1) Internet connectivity challenges and communication (connectivity issues and inadequate scientific resources, as well as communication with thesis groupmates), (2) Data gathering impediments (participant recruitment and rejection), and (3) Time Management issues (drawbacks of working students and thesis writing contrasted with other academic course works). Based on the findings, this report offers recommendations for tackling these obstacles and issues. Finally, the study's limitations and proposals for further research are presented.
Residual Sleepiness Risk in Aircrew Members with ­Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Monin Jonathan , Rebiere Erik , Guiu Gaëtan , Bisconte Sébastien , Perrier Eric , Manen Olivier
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a major problem in aviation medicine because it is responsible for sleepiness and high cardiovascular risk, which could jeopardize flight safety. Residual sleepiness after the treatment is not a rare phenomenon and its management
is not homogenous in aviation medicine. Thus, we decided to perform a study to describe this management and propose guidelines with the help of the literature.METHODS: This is a retrospective study including all aircrew members with a history of OSAS who visited our aeromedical
center between 2011 and 2018. Residual sleepiness assessment was particularly studied.RESULTS: Our population was composed of 138 aircrew members (mean age 50.1 ± 9.6 yr, 76.8% civilians, 80.4% pilots); 65.4% of them had a severe OSAS with a mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale
(ESS) at 8.5 ± 4.7 and a mean apnea hypopnea index of 36.2 ± 19.2/h. Of our population, 59.4% performed maintenance of wakefulness tests (MWT) and 10.1% had a residual excessive sleepiness. After the evaluation, 83.1% of our population was fit to fly.DISCUSSION: An
evaluation of treatment efficiency is required in aircrew members with OSAS. Furthermore, it is important to have an objective proof of the absence of sleepiness. In this case, ESS is not sufficient and further evaluation is necessary. Many tests exist, but MWT are generally performed and
the definition of a normal result in aeronautics is important. This evaluation should not be reserved to solo pilots only.Monin J, Rebiere E, Guiu G, Bisconte S, Perrier E, Manen O. Residual sleepiness risk in aircrew members with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Aerosp Med
Hum Perform. 2023; 94(2):74–78.
Using Light to Facilitate Circadian Entrainment from Day to Night Flights
Authors: Shattuck Nita Lewis , Matsangas Panagiotis , Reily James , McDonough Meghan , Giles Kathleen B.
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: As part of a larger project to provide recommendations regarding limitations and best practices for shifting aviators from day to night operations, a study was conducted to assess the efficacy of high energy visible (HEV) light to shift the circadian rhythm in humans.
The study attempted to replicate the patterns of military aviators who could be required to shift abruptly from day to night flight operations.METHODS: Simulated flight performance and salivary melatonin levels of 10 U.S. military aviators were collected over a 3-night period using
a within-subject dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) study design. Data were collected in a laboratory with participants returning home to sleep following each of the three evenings/nights of data collection. Light treatment included a single 4-h exposure of blue-enriched white light (∼1000
lux) on night 2. Data collected included melatonin levels, light exposure, sleepiness, cognitive workload, and simulated flight performance.RESULTS: The average delay in melatonin onset was 1.32 ± 0.37 h (range: 53 min to 1 h 56 min). Sleepiness (P = 0.044) and cognitive
workload (P = 0.081) improved the night following the light treatment compared to the baseline. No systematic differences were identified in flight performance.DISCUSSION: The HEV light treatment successfully delayed the circadian phase of all participants even though participants’
ambient light levels (including daylight) outside the laboratory were not controlled. These findings were used to develop circadian synchronization plans for aviators who are asked to transition from day to night operations. These plans will be assessed in a follow-on study in an operational
unit.Shattuck NL, Matsangas P, Reily J, McDonough M, Giles KB. Using light to facilitate circadian entrainment from day to night flights. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(2):66–73.
Cardiorespiratory Responses to Voluntary Hyperventilation During Normobaric Hypoxia
Authors: Haddon Alexander , Kanhai Joel , Nako Onalenna , Smith Thomas G. , Hodkinson Peter D. , Pollock Ross D.
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: Unexplained physiological events (PE), possibly related to hypoxia and hyperventilation, are a concern for some air forces. Physiological monitoring could aid research into PEs, with measurement of arterial oxygen saturation (Spo2) often suggested
despite potential limitations in its use. Given similar physiological responses to hypoxia and hyperventilation, the present study characterized the cardiovascular and respiratory responses to each.METHODS: Ten healthy subjects were exposed to 55 mins of normobaric hypoxia simulating
altitudes of 0, 8000, and 12,000 ft (0, 2438, and 3658 m) while breathing normally and voluntarily hyperventilating (doubling minute ventilation). Respiratory gas analysis and spirometry measured end-tidal gases (PETo2 and PETco2) and minute ventilation.
Spo2 was assessed using finger pulse oximetry. Mean arterial, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure were measured noninvasively. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Stroop test.RESULTS: Voluntary hyperventilation resulted in a doubling of minute ventilation
and lowered PETco2, while altitude had no effect on these. PETo2 and Spo2 declined with increasing altitude. However, despite a significant drop in PETo2 of 15.2 mmHg from 8000 to 12,000 ft, Spo2
was similar when hyperventilating (94.7 ± 2.3% vs. 93.4 ± 4.3%, respectively). The only cardiovascular response was an increase in heart rate while hyperventilating. Altitude had no effect on cognitive impairment, but hyperventilation did.DISCUSSION: For many cardiovascular
and respiratory variables, there is minimal difference in responses to hypoxia and hyperventilation, making these challenging to differentiate. Spo2 is not a reliable marker of environmental hypoxia in the presence of hyperventilation and should not be used as such without
additional monitoring of minute ventilation and end-tidal gases.Haddon A, Kanhai J, Nako O, Smith TG, Hodkinson PD, Pollock RD. Cardiorespiratory responses to voluntary hyperventilation during normobaric hypoxia. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(2):59–65.
Towards an Open Platform for Democratized Model-Based Design and Engineering of Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Nachawati Mohamad Omar , Bullegas Gianmaria , Vasilyev Andrey , Gregory Joe , Pop Adrian , Elaasar Maged , Asghar Adeel
Published: February 2023

This paper reports on the development of GitWorks, an open platform for democratizated Model-Based Design of cyber-physical systems (CPS). The GitWorks platfor is currently under development by Perpetual Labs Ltd in collaboration with the Open Source Modelica Consortium (OSMC)1 and the OpenCAESAR project2. In this paper, we present our vision for the platform, its system architecture and a prototype implementation. We also present a case study that demonstrates the use of the proposed platform for enabling the seamless integration of Modelica models into a broader range of systems engineering processes for complex product development. In the longterm, the platform also aims to enable the integration of Modelica tools with advanced systems engineering processes that rely on other domain specific languages (e.g. SysML v2, BPMN, etc.).
Performance Enhancements for Zero-Flow Simulation of Vapor Compression Cycles
Authors: Qiao Hongtao , Laughman Christopher R.
Published: February 2023

Models that correctly describe the dynamic behavior of vapor compression cycle at low or zero refrigerant mass flow rates are valuable because they can be used to handle low load, on/off cycling and inactive component conditions. However, low- or zero-flow simulation imposes significant computational challenges because of high frequency oscillations in mass flow. We explore techniques that may be used for improving robustness and performance of low- or zero-flow simulation. Comparisons are conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed techniques. It is shown that these techniques can result in simulations that are more robustand significantly faster than real-time.
Fan and Pump Efficiency in Modelica based on the Euler Number
Authors: Fu Hongxiang , Blum David , Wetter Michael
Published: February 2023

Simulation programs often assume constant hydraulic efficiency for fan or pump models when performance curves are unavailable. This is inaccurate because the hydraulic efficiency varies with the operation condition. It therefore consistently underestimates the power draw at off-design conditions at which the hydraulic efficiency drops. Use of a modified Euler number allows computing the hydraulic efficiency and shaft power with limited data. Others showed the validity of the modified Euler number for fan efficiency calculations. We show that it is also applicable for pumps, and present its implementation in Modelica for a fan or pump model. The only input required from the user is one data point at which the hydraulic efficiency is at its maximum. The reported method is applicable regardless of the type, size, or operational region of the fan or pump. Across a sample of eighteen sets of pump data and seven sets of fan data, the errors of the computed power from interpolated data were within 15% for the range of 20% - 70% of maximum flow rate and 40% - 90% of maximum pressure rise, excluding outliers.
Simulation of the on-orbit construction of structural variable modular spacecraft by robots
Authors: Reiner Matthias J.
Published: February 2023

This paper gives an overview on the simulation of the on-orbit construction of structural variable modular spacecraft by robots using Modelica. For this purpose, a new concept using so-called tensor bodies was developed which enables the fast and continuous simulation of complex scenarios even during structural changes. This research was part of two ESA and EU projects. An overview of the modeling and simulation approach will be given. The scenarios include the on-orbit re-configuration of a modular satellite with a walking robot manipulator and the construction of a modular space antenna array platform with a walking robot with two arms and a torso.
Multirotor drone sizing and trajectory optimization within Modelon Impact
Authors: Coïc Clément , Budinger Marc , Delbecq Scott
Published: February 2023

The design of multirotor drones often relies on optimizing its performance in terms of maximum speed requirements and hover time. This is well suited to undefined tasks. In the case of repetitive tasks, the drone trajectory can be added as a third degree of freedom. This paper focuses on the use of Modelon Impact and its dynamic optimization capabilities to reach a multirotor drone design and 1-D trajectory optimization. In comparison to other options investigated by the authors in a separate publication, Modelon Impact based optimization proved to be much simpler, more robust, and faster – for this use case.
Using Multi-Physics Simulation to Estimate Energy Flexibility for Local Demand Response Strategies in a Microgrid
Authors: Del Barrio Iker Landa , Cestero Julen , Quartulli Marco , Olaizola Igor G. , Aginako Naiara , Ugartemendia Juan José
Published: February 2023

This work discusses the development of a multi-physics simulated model, in the frame of the decarbonization and energy efficiency objectives of the European Commission. Its central feature is the interconnection, through a microgrid, of a distributed PV installation and of several electric dispatchable loads, thus powering a Collective Self-Consumption network. The simulator presented within this document aims to serve as a technological enabler for the design and testing of On-Site DR strategies, which actuate directly on the connection status of the loads, before their deployment on the target, real-world systems. The simulator supports the design and validation of such strategies by generating realistic simulated data of certain loads that present monitoring difficulties, taking into account online, real external weather conditions. All the elements described and modeled in the current work belong to a real-world installation, which is a university campus—ESTIA, Bidart, France— composed by several buildings with DER.
BESMod - A Modelica Library providing Building Energy System Modules
Authors: Wüllhorst Fabian , Maier Laura , Jansen David , Kühn Larissa , Hering Dominik , Müller Dirk
Published: February 2023

Towards the analysis and optimization of a coupled building energy sector, various component model libraries for hydraulic, ventilation, electrical, control, and building domains exist. However, no uniform open-source framework to couple these domains in a holistic building energy system simulation exists. Thus, we present BESMod, an open-source Modelica library, providing a modular approach towards domain-coupled building energy system simulations. BESMod relies on existing component specialized model libraries for the underlying physics. For the analysis of complex system simulations, user-friendly parameterization, consistent model interfaces, precalculated KPIs and debugging options are applied. The library is available at www.github.com/RWTH-EBC/BESMod. This paper motivates the library, lays out the interaction with existing model libraries and the general modular approach. An exemplary use case demonstrates the applicability of BESMod. Concluding, we motivate future development options.
A Playground for the Modelica Language
Authors: Tiller Michael M.
Published: February 2023

This paper introduces a Modelica playground which allows users to experiment with the Modelica language without having to install any specific Modelica tools. This web-based application also contains content and lessons that provide users with a guided tour of the language and the opportunity for advanced users to create domain specific content built on top of this same infrastructure. This paper will explain the various open source technologies employed in creating this application and discuss potential future work to further enhance the experience for the user as well as the reach for Modelica itself.
Orbital fat swelling: A biomechanical theory and supporting model for spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS)
Authors: Reilly Matthew A. , Katz Steven E. , Roberts Cynthia J.
Published: February 2023

Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS) is a descriptor of several ocular and visual signs and symptoms which commonly afflicts those exposed to microgravity. We propose a new theory for the driving force leading to the development of Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome which is described via a finite element model of the eye and orbit. Our simulations suggest that the anteriorly directed force produced by orbital fat swelling is a unifying explanatory mechanism for Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome, as well as producing a larger effect than that generated by elevation in intracranial pressure. Hallmarks of this new theory include broad flattening of the posterior globe, loss of tension in the peripapillary choroid, decreased axial length, consistent with findings in astronauts. A geometric sensitivity study suggests several anatomical dimensions may be protective against Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome.
Physicochemical studies of novel sugar fatty acid esters based on (R)-3-hydroxylated acids derived from bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates and their potential environmental impact
Authors: Snoch Wojciech , Jarek Ewelina , Milivojevic Dusan , Nikodinovic-Runic Jasmina , Guzik Maciej
Published: February 2023

Sugar fatty acids esters are popular compounds widely used in both the nutritional, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries due to their amphiphilic structure and consequent ability to reduce the surface tension of solutions. Furthermore, an important aspect in the implementation of any additives and formulations is their environmental impact. The properties of the esters depend on the type of sugar used and the hydrophobic component. In this work, selected physicochemical properties of new sugar esters based on lactose, glucose and galactose and hydroxy acids derived from bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates are shown for the first time. Values for critical aggregation concentration, surface activity and pH make it possible that these esters could compete with other commercially used esters of similar chemical structure. The investigated compounds showed moderate emulsion stabilization abilities presented on the example of water-oil systems containing squalene and body oil. Their potential environmental impact appears to be low, as the esters are not toxic to Caenorhabditis elegans even at concentrations much higher than the critical aggregation concentration.
In vivo implementation of a synthetic metabolic pathway for the carbon-conserving conversion of glycolaldehyde to acetyl-CoA
Authors: Wagner Nils , Bade Frederik , Straube Elly , Rabe Kenny , Frazão Cláudio J. R. , Walther Thomas
Published: February 2023

Ethylene glycol (EG) derived from plastic waste or CO2 can serve as a substrate for microbial production of value-added chemicals. Assimilation of EG proceeds though the characteristic intermediate glycolaldehyde (GA). However, natural metabolic pathways for GA assimilation have low carbon efficiency when producing the metabolic precursor acetyl-CoA. In alternative, the reaction sequence catalyzed by EG dehydrogenase, d-arabinose 5-phosphate aldolase, d-arabinose 5-phosphate isomerase, d-ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase (Rpe), d-xylulose 5-phosphate phosphoketolase, and phosphate acetyltransferase may enable the conversion of EG into acetyl-CoA without carbon loss. We investigated the metabolic requirements for in vivo function of this pathway in Escherichia coli by (over)expressing constituting enzymes in different combinations. Using 13C-tracer experiments, we first examined the conversion of EG to acetate via the synthetic reaction sequence and showed that, in addition to heterologous phosphoketolase, overexpression of all native enzymes except Rpe was required for the pathway to function. Since acetyl-CoA could not be reliably quantified by our LC/MS-method, the distribution of isotopologues in mevalonate, a stable metabolite that is exclusively derived from this intermediate, was used to probe the contribution of the synthetic pathway to biosynthesis of acetyl-CoA. We detected strong incorporation of 13C carbon derived from labeled GA in all intermediates of the synthetic pathway. In presence of unlabeled co-substrate glycerol, 12.4% of the mevalonate (and therefore acetyl-CoA) was derived from GA. The contribution of the synthetic pathway to acetyl-CoA production was further increased to 16.1% by the additional expression of the native phosphate acyltransferase enzyme. Finally, we demonstrated that conversion of EG to mevalonate was feasible albeit at currently extremely small yields.
Biological treatment of biowaste as an innovative source of CO—The role of composting process
Authors: Sobieraj Karolina , Stegenta-Dąbrowska Sylwia , Luo Gang , Koziel Jacek A. , Białowiec Andrzej
Published: February 2023

Carbon monoxide (CO) is an essential “building block” for producing everyday chemicals on industrial scale. Carbon monoxide can also be generated though a lesser-known and sometimes forgotten biorenewable pathways that could be explored to advance biobased production from large and more sustainable sources such as bio-waste treatment. Organic matter decomposition can generate carbon monoxide both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. While anaerobic carbon monoxide generation is relatively well understood, the aerobic is not. Yet many industrial-scale bioprocesses involve both conditions. This review summarizes the necessary basic biochemistry knowledge needed for realization of initial steps towards biobased carbon monoxide production. We analyzed for the first time, the complex information about carbon monoxide production during aerobic, anaerobic bio-waste treatment and storage, carbon monoxide-metabolizing microorganisms, pathways, and enzymes with bibliometric analysis of trends. The future directions recognizing limitations of combined composting and carbon monoxide production have been discussed in greater detail.
Graphene-based nanomaterials for stimuli-sensitive controlled delivery of therapeutic molecules
Authors: Khakpour Elnaz , Salehi Saba , Naghib Seyed Morteza , Ghorbanzadeh Sadegh , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2023

Stimuli-responsive drug delivery has attracted tremendous attention in the past decades. It provides a spatial- and temporal-controlled release in response to different triggers, thus enabling highly efficient drug delivery and minimizing drug side effects. Graphene-based nanomaterials have been broadly explored, and they show great potential in smart drug delivery due to their stimuli-responsive behavior and high loading capacity for an extended range of drug molecules. These characteristics are a result of high surface area, mechanical stability and chemical stability, and excellent optical, electrical, and thermal properties. Their great and infinite functionalization potential also allows them to be integrated into several types of polymers, macromolecules, or other nanoparticles, leading to the fabrication of novel nanocarriers with enhanced biocompatibility and trigger-sensitive properties. Thus, numerous studies have been dedicated to graphene modification and functionalization. In the current review, we introduce graphene derivatives and different graphene-based nanomaterials utilized in drug delivery and discuss the most important advances in their functionalization and modification. Also, their potential and progress in an intelligent drug release in response to different types of stimuli either endogenous (pH, redox conditions, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)) or exogenous (temperature, near-infrared (NIR) radiation, and electric field) will be debated.
Biomechanical evaluation of custom-made short implants with wing retention applied in severe atrophic maxillary posterior region restoration: A three-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Yang Zhen , Zhang Jingran , Xu Zexian , Liu Xiaoqiang , Yang Jianjun , Tan Jianguo
Published: February 2023

Severe bone atrophy in the maxillary posterior region poses a big challenge to implant restoration. Digitally designed and customized short implants with wing retention provide a safer and minimally invasive implant restoration scheme in such circumstances. Small titanium wings are integrated with the short implant supporting the prosthesis. Using digital designing and processing technology, the wings fixed by titanium screws can be flexibly designed, providing the main fixation. The design of the wings will influence the stress distribution and implant stability. This study analyzes the position, structure, and spread area of the wings fixture scientifically by means of three-dimensional finite element analysis. The design of the wings is set to linear, triangular, and planar styles. Under the simulated vertical and oblique occlusal forces, the implant displacement and stress between the implant and the bone surface are analyzed at different bone heights of 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm. The finite element results show that the planar form can better disperse the stress. By adjusting the cusp slope to reduce the influence of lateral force, short implants with planar wing fixtures can be used safely even if the residual bone height is only 1 mm. The results of the study provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of this new customized implant.
You are what you eat and how you digest it! A discussion on inflammatory efferocytosis
Authors: Tanzer Maria C.
Published: February 2023

Efferocytosis is a process by which phagocytes remove dead or dying cells. It is considered anti-inflammatory, as the removal process reduces potential inflammatory molecules originating from dead cells and results in the reprogramming of macrophages to an anti-inflammatory state. However, engulfment of infected dead cells, deregulated phagocytosis and perturbed digestion of apoptotic bodies induce inflammatory signalling pathways during efferocytosis. The affected inflammatory signalling molecules and the mechanism of activation are largely unknown. I discuss how the choice of dead cell cargo, the type of ingestion, and the digestion efficiency can influence phagocyte programming in the context of disease. I also present the latest findings, highlight knowledge gaps, and propose selected experimental approaches to fill them.
Recent advances in lanthanide-doped up-conversion probes for theranostics
Authors: Xu Danyang , Li Chenxu , Li Wenjing , Lin Bi , Lv Ruichan
Published: February 2023

Up-conversion (or anti-Stokes) luminescence refers to the phenomenon whereby materials emit high energy, short-wavelength light upon excitation at longer wavelengths. Lanthanide-doped up-conversion nanoparticles (Ln-UCNPs) are widely used in biomedicine due to their excellent physical and chemical properties such as high penetration depth, low damage threshold and light conversion ability. Here, the latest developments in the synthesis and application of Ln-UCNPs are reviewed. First, methods used to synthesize Ln-UCNPs are introduced, and four strategies for enhancing up-conversion luminescence are analyzed, followed by an overview of the applications in phototherapy, bioimaging and biosensing. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of Ln-UCNPs are summarized.
Gut microbiota in patients with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes: A culture-based method
Authors: Petakh Pavlo , Kobyliak Nazarii , Kamyshnyi Aleksandr
Published: February 2023

Background

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to affect people around the world, with one of the most frequent comorbidities being Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Studies have suggested a link between disbalances in gut microbiota and these diseases, as well as with COVID-19, potentially due to inflammatory dysfunction. This study aims to analyze the changes in gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients with T2D using a culture-based method.

Methods

The stool samples were taken from 128 patients with confirmed COVID-19. Changes in the composition of gut microbiota were analyzed by culture-based method. The study used chi-squared and t-test to find significant differences in gut bacteria between samples and non-parametric correlation analysis to examine relationship between gut bacteria abundance, C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels and length of stay (LoS) in COVID-19 patients without T2D.

Results

The gut microbiota of T2D patients with COVID-19 showed increased Clostridium spp., Candida spp., and decreased Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. Metformin-treated patients with T2D and COVID-19 without antibiotic treatment showed increased Bacteroides spp., Lactobacillus spp., and decreased Enterococcus, Clostridium compared to the same group with antibiotic treatment. The study also found a positive correlation between the abundance of certain gut microbiota genera, such as Klebsiella spp. and Enterococcus spp., and CRP levels and LoS in COVID-19 patients without and with T2D, while the abundance of other genera, such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp., was found to have a negative correlation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study provides important insights into the gut microbiota composition of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with T2D and its potential impact on the course of the disease. The findings suggest that certain gut microbiota genera may be associated with increased CRP levels and longer hospital stays. The significance of this study lies in the fact that it highlights the potential role of gut microbiota in the progression of COVID-19 in patients with T2D, and may inform future research and treatment strategies for this patient population. The future impact of this study could include the development of targeted interventions to modulate gut microbiota in order to improve outcomes for COVID-19 patients with T2D.
Detection of immunoreactive proteins of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus uberis, and Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from cows with diagnosed mastitis
Authors: Dobrut Anna , Wójcik-Grzybek Dagmara , Młodzińska Agata , Pietras-Ożga Dorota , Michalak Katarzyna , Tabacki Aleksander , Mroczkowska Urszula , Brzychczy-Włoch Monika
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Mastitis is a widespread mammary gland disease of dairy cows that causes severe economic losses to dairy farms. Mastitis can be caused by bacteria, fungi, and algae. The most common species isolated from infected milk are, among others, Streptococcus spp., and Escherichia coli. The aim of our study was protein detection based on both in silico and in vitro methods, which allowed the identification of immunoreactive proteins representative of the following species: Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli.

Methods

The study group included 22 milk samples and 13 serum samples obtained from cows with diagnosed mastitis, whereas the control group constituted 12 milk samples and 12 serum samples isolated from healthy animals. Detection of immunoreactive proteins was done by immunoblotting, while amino acid sequences from investigated proteins were determined by MALDI-TOF. Then, bioinformatic analyses were performed on detected species specific proteins in order to investigate their immunoreactivity.

Results

As a result, we identified 13 proteins: 3 (molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein B, aldehyde reductase YahK, outer membrane protein A) for E. coli, 4 (elongation factor Tu, tRNA uridine 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl modification enzyme MnmG, GTPase Obg, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) for S. uberis, and 6 (aspartate carbamoyltransferase, elongation factor Tu, 60 kDa chaperonin, elongation factor G, galactose-6-phosphate isomerase subunit LacA, adenosine deaminase) for S. agalactiae, which demonstrated immunoreactivity to antibodies present in serum from cows with diagnosed mastitis.

Discussion

Due to the confirmed immunoreactivity, specificity and localization in the bacterial cell, these proteins can be considered considered potential targets in innovative rapid immunodiagnostic assays for bovine mastitis, however due to the limited number of examined samples, further examination is needed.
Changes in population biology of three coral reef fishes in the South China Sea between 1998–1999 and 2016–2019
Authors: Zhang Jun , Cai Yancong , Li Jiajun , Zhang Kui , Gong Yuyan , Chen Sen , Chen Zuozhi
Published: February 2023

The decline of coral reefs and their fish has attracted worldwide attention. The South China Sea is the important center of coral reefs. Reef-fish is a crucial component in coral reef ecosystem. However, studies on the long-term variation in the biololgy of coral reef fish in the South China Sea are very lacking. To enhance our understanding of variation in reef fish biology in the South China Sea, we investigated long-term changes in some biological indicators of three dominant coral reef fishes (Lutjanus kasmira, Gnathodentex aureolineatus, and Cephalopholis urodeta) at the Yongshu Reef of the South China Sea between 1998–1999 and 2016–2019, and examined the effects of fishing and sea surface temperature on their biology. Compared with 1998–1999, average body length, average body mass, large fish indicator, feeding level and relative fatness of Lutjanus kasmira and Gnathodentex aureolineatus decreased in 2016–2019, but Cephalopholis urodeta did not. The relative fatness was positively correlated with the feeding level, which indicated that the decline of feeding level decreased the relative fatness. Fishing had the most important negative impact on biological changes. In the past two decades, Lutjanus kasmira had the most obvious decline in size and relative fatness, followed by Gnathodentex aureolineatus, but Cephalopholis urodeta had almost no decline. We hypothesized that different coral reef fishes have different abilities to maintain population stability under external pressures, and the differences in vulnerability of three fish species were the main reasons for their different responses to external pressures. To promote the conservation of coral reef fish, we recommend taking rigorous management to protect habitat.
Dietary precursors and cardiovascular disease: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Jing Wangwei , Huang Shushi , Xiang Pingping , Huang Jiniu , Yu Hong
Published: February 2023

Background

The Dietary precursor has been identified as a contributor in the development of cardiovascular disease. However, it is inconsistent if dietary precursors could affect the process of cardiovascular disease.

Methods

Here we performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of the data from genome-wide association study of European ancestry to evaluate the independent effects of three dietary precursors on cardiovascular disease (CVD), myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF), and valvular disease (VHD). Inverse variance weighting method was used for the MR estimation. Sensitivity was determined by MR-PRESSO analysis, weighted median analysis, MR-Egger analysis, and Leave-one-out analysis.

Results

We found that elevated choline level had a causal relationship with VHD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.087, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.003–1.178, P = 0.041] and MI (OR = 1.250, 95% CI, 1.041–1.501, P = 0.017) by single-variable MR analysis. Furthermore, elevated carnitine level was associated with MI (OR = 5.007, 95% CI, 1.693–14.808, P = 0.004) and HF (OR = 2.176, 95% CI, 1.252–3.780, P = 0.006) risk. In addition, elevated phosphatidylcholine level can increase the risk of MI (OR = 1.197, 95% CI, 1.026–1.397, P = 0.022).

Conclusion

Our data show that choline increases VHD or MI risk, carnitine increases the risk of MI or HF, and phosphatidylcholine increases HF risk. These findings suggest the possibility that decrease in choline level in circulation may be able to reduce overall VHD or MI risk, reduce in carnitine level could be decrease MI and HF risks as well as decrease in phosphatidylcholine could reduce MI risk.
Paradoxical reduction of plasma lipids and atherosclerosis in mice with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease and hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Padalkar Mugdha V. , Tsivitis Alexandra H. , Gelfman Ylona , Kasiyanyk Mariya , Kaungumpillil Neil , Ma Danyang , Gao Michael , Borges Kelly A. , Dhaliwal Puneet , Nasruddin Saud , Saji Sruthi , Gilani Hina , Schram Eric J. , Singh Mohnish , Plummer Maria M. , Savinova Olga V.
Published: February 2023

Background

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is prevalent among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we initially aimed to test whether vascular calcification associated with CKD can worsen atherosclerosis. However, a paradoxical finding emerged from attempting to test this hypothesis in a mouse model of adenine-induced CKD.

Methods

We combined adenine-induced CKD and diet-induced atherosclerosis in mice with a mutation in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene. In the first study, mice were co-treated with 0.2% adenine in a western diet for 8 weeks to induce CKD and atherosclerosis simultaneously. In the second study, mice were pre-treated with adenine in a regular diet for 8 weeks, followed by a western diet for another 8 weeks.

Results

Co-treatment with adenine and a western diet resulted in a reduction of plasma triglycerides and cholesterol, liver lipid contents, and atherosclerosis in co-treated mice when compared with the western-only group, despite a fully penetrant CKD phenotype developed in response to adenine. In the two-step model, renal tubulointerstitial damage and polyuria persisted after the discontinuation of adenine in the adenine-pre-treated mice. The mice, however, had similar plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, liver lipid contents, and aortic root atherosclerosis after being fed a western diet, irrespective of adenine pre-treatment. Unexpectedly, adenine pre-treated mice consumed twice the calories from the diet as those not pre-treated without showing an increase in body weight.

Conclusion

The adenine-induced CKD model does not recapitulate accelerated atherosclerosis, limiting its use in pre-clinical studies. The results indicate that excessive adenine intake impacts lipid metabolism.
Machine learning brings new insights for reducing salinization disaster
Authors: An Peng , Wang Wenfeng , Chen Xi , Zhuang Zhikai , Cui Lujie
Published: February 2023

This study constructs a machine learning system to examine the predictors of soil salinity in deserts. We conclude that soil humidity and subterranean CO2 concentration are two leading controls of soil salinity—respectively explain 71.33%, 13.83% in the data. The (R2, root-mean-square error, RPD) values at the training stage, validation stage and testing stage are (0.9924, 0.0123, and 8.282), (0.9931, 0.0872, and 7.0918), (0.9826, 0.1079, and 6.0418), respectively. Based on the underlining mechanisms, we conjecture that subterranean CO2 sequestration could reduce salinization disaster in deserts.