bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Surface Roughness in Turning of Aluminum Bronze Alloy (UNS С 63020) Using Cutting Tools with Carbide Geometry Positive and Negative
Authors: Amancio Daniel Assis , Ribeiro de Toledo José Veríssimo , Ferreira João Roberto , Melo Mírian de Lourdes Noronha Motta , Silva Gilbert , Paes Luiz Eduardo
Published: September 2014

In today's industry, production processes evolve every day, together with the development of new materials and geometries for tools and machines more accurate and efficient. These new technologies allow more flexible processes, such as replacement of the grinding process by turning of hardened materials. This change brings significant reductions in costs of tooling, setup time and machining.This work is a study of the conditions for turning aerospace alloy - Bronze Aluminum (UNS 63020)-hardened and tempered with a hardness of 35 HRC with carbide tools with positive and negative geometry.We analyzed the surface roughness of the specimen and as a criterion for end of life of the cutting tool was used to flank wear, crater wear, chip on the tool and/or the breach thereof.All the cutting parameters, when in their highest levels, do not contribute significantly to the reduction in tool life, while the surface roughness for the increase in the feed (f) and the cutting speed (vc) showed a greater influence on surface finish of the piece.
Efficiency as a Road to Sustainability in Small Scale Mining
Authors: Seccatore Jacopo , de Tomi Giorgio , Veiga Marcello
Published: September 2014

The world is going through a new-millennium rush in precious metals, especially gold. The great increase in gold price in the last years, probably due to a shift towards safe investments in a period of crisis in the global economy, created a rapid increase in gold production. The faster response to this shift in production came from Artisanal (ASM) and Small-scale (SSM) mining units in remote locations of the world, and Brazil is one of the main countries that has ASM and SSM on its territory. The present paper draws some definitions of Small-Scale Mining and Artisanal Mining, based on its productivity and its actual social and environmental implications, and of their sustainability. The analysis of production data of Small Scale and Large Scale Mining on global scale and on Brazilian scale shows the high potential of SSM in dealing with lower mineral grades and market fluctuations, due to its high flexibility. A general growth of the role of SSM in precious metals production in the next decades is foreseen. An elaboration on world ASM data led to a clear correlation between efficiency in production and an index of human development; this result is shown and discussed. Based on the potential of SSM to attend to the mineral market needs, efficiency in productivity is finally proposed as the main path to turn an ASM unit into a sustainable and profitable Small-Scale industrial extractive unit.
Development of Ceramics Based on Clays from Different Regions in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Babisk Michelle Pereira , Ribeiro Angélica Pereira , Monteiro Sergio Neves , Vieira Carlos Maurício Fontes
Published: September 2014

The state of Rio de Janeiro, southeast of Brazil, has two poles of conventional clay ceramic production, mainly bricks and roofing tiles. In the north region of the state, the county of Campos dos Goytacazes and in the state center, the county of Itaborai, present distinct types of clay. With the aim to improve some characteristics of the Campos dos Goytacazes clay, the objective of this work was to investigate different mixtures with the Itaborai clay. Samples were press-molded with compositions of 0, 25, 50 and 75 wt% of both clays. The samples were fired at 800°C and the technical properties related to plasticity, density, linear shrinkage, water absorption and flexural strength were determined. The results indicated that the superior performance of the Itaborai clay significantly improves that of the Campos dos Goytacazes clay for any incorporated percentage. The mechanisms and reasons for these results are discussed.
Study of Porcelain Vitreous Phase Viscosity to Obtain Curve Ceramic Coatings
Authors: Martins G.J.M. , Piva D.H. , Mantas P.Q. , Kniess C.T. , Matsinhe J.V. , Silva R.R. , Riella Humberto Gracher
Published: September 2014

The porcelain materials are composed of crystalline particles immersed in a vitreous matrix. This study has aimed to calculate the porcelain’s vitreous phase viscosity through the Vogel-Fucher-Tamman equation, VFT, to obtain eventually curved coating. We’ve formulated a standard mass, and over it we’ve added the proportions of 4, 8 and 15% of sodium feldspar, main former of the liquid phase, in order to verify its influence over the viscosity at the final vitreous phase. Concerning the standard mass, the addition of 4 and 8% has provoked a reduction of viscosity, while the addition of 15% resulted in a rise of viscosity. Because porcelain does not present a homogenous vitreous phase and crystalline particles, the VFT equation may have given us relative viscosity values. However, these values are coherent with glasses containing sodium, if one assumes that the crystalline phases have no influence over the system and that the vitreous phase has a homogenous composition.
Oil Well Cement Developed from Common Cement: Physical, Chemical and Mineral Characterization
Authors: Oliveira Danielle Nascimento Silva , Bezerra Ulisses Targino , Beltrão S.L.D. , Chaves Alexsandra C. , Mendonça Ana M.G.D. , Neves Gelmires Araújo
Published: September 2014

This study aims to characterize a new type of cement, produced from the mixture of common Portland cements, which could be used as an option in the cementing of oil wells. To enable this study a linear programming method was used for the composition of the new cement, then, characterization tests were performed through particle size analysis by laser diffraction, chemical analysis by EDX, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, setting time, compressive strength. The results allowed the conclusion that the new formulated cement presented low C3A content, time setting superior to the Portland Cement for Oil Well, thermal stability up to 500 °C, low hydration kinetics and content of the main components coherent to the ABNT specifications.
Cellular Functionality on Nanotubes of Ti-30Ta Alloy
Authors: Capellato Patricia , Smith Barbara S. , Popat Ketul C. , Alves Claro Ana P.R.
Published: September 2014

Recent studies have identified strong correlations between anodized metals and the production of highly biomimetic nanoscale topographies. These surfaces provide an interface of enhanced biocompatibility that exhibits a high degree of oxidation and surface energy. In this study, Human dermal fibroblasts (HDF, neonatal) were utilized to evaluate the biocompatibility of Ti-30Ta nanotubes after 1 day of culture. The anodization process was performed in an electrolyte solution containing HF (48%) and H2SO4 (98%) in the volumetric ratios 1:9 with the addition of 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 35V for 40 min. Cellular analysis identified improved fibroblast functionality on the nanotube surface, showing increased elongation, and extracellular matrix production on the Ti-30Ta nanotubes. The results presented identify improved cellular interaction on Ti-30Ta nanotubes as compared to the control substrates. Thus, the formation of the nanotube on Ti30Ta alloy may have potential application as interface for implantable devices.
Characterization of National Clays after Acid Treatment and Thermal
Authors: Lima Wellington Siqueira , de Brito André Luiz Fiquene , Freire Rodrigues Meiry Glaúcia , Mota Mariaugusta Ferreira , Silva Marcílio Máximo
Published: September 2014

The clay types, kaolinite and smectite, are the most used industrially, mainly due to its sorption characteristics. There have been several attempts to improve the quality and characteristics of the clays, modifying them with different techniques. Two of the common techniques are thermal activation and acid activation. For acid activation, hydrochloric acid was used with a reaction time of 1 hour while the thermal activation the samples calcined at 300oC for 24 hours. This work aims to characterize the gray clay (supplied by Süd-Chemie LTDA) and Brasgel (provided by Bentonit), both in its natural form, as well as in the acid and thermal activation form (300°C). Natural and treated clays were characterized by X-ray Spectroscopy Energy Dispersive (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorption (BET). The results showed a reduction of impurities in the samples and did not comprise changes in the structure of the constituent minerals.
A Precariat Charter
Authors: Standing Guy
Published: September 2014

Guy Standing's immensely influential 2011 book introduced the Precariat as an emerging mass class, characterized by inequality and insecurity. Standing outlined the increasingly global nature of the Precariat as a social phenomenon, especially in the light of the social unrest characterized by the Occupy movements. He outlined the political risks they might pose, and at what might be done to diminish inequality and allow such workers to find a more stable labour identity.His concept and his conclusions have been widely taken up by thinkers from Noam Chomsky to Zygmunt Bauman, by political activists and by policy-makers.

This new book takes the debate a stage further-looking in more detail at the kind of progressive politics that might form the vision of a Good Society in which such inequality, and the instability it produces is reduced.

A Precariat Charter discusses how rights - political, civil, social and economic – have been denied to the Precariat, and at the importance of redefining our social contract around notions of associational freedom, agency and the commons. The ecological imperative is also discussed – something that was only hinted at in Standing's original book but has been widely discussed in relation to the Precariat by theorists and activists alike.
Leo Tolstoy
Authors: Moulin Dan
Published: September 2014

Anglophone educationalists have sporadically taken an interest in Tolstoy's educational ‘philosophy’ but they have seldom consulted the writer's thought beyond the 1860s, or explored its intimate relationship with the novelist's creative and spiritual evolution. This book tells the untold story of Tolstoy's life-long interest in education, as revealed in his fiction, non-fiction and social activism. It is argued that Tolstoy's educational works were not a dilettante side-track from his literary career, but an integral part of the development of his literature and wider thought, as well as becoming a vital facet of his mature worldview. After drawing together significant themes from Tolstoy's writings spanning 1852 to 1910, the book evaluates Tolstoy's contribution to educational thought with regards to some of the perennial problems of the philosophy of education, arguing that Tolstoy's views are worthy of consideration by educationists, perhaps more today than in Tolstoy's own lifetime.
The Language of War Monuments
Authors: Machin David , Abousnnouga Gill
Published: September 2014

This book analyses war monuments by developing a multimodal social-semiotic approach to understand how they communicate as three-dimensional objects. The book provides a practical tool-kit approach to how critical multimodal social semiotics should be done through visual, textual and material analysis. It ties this material analysis into the social and political contexts of production. Using examples across the 20th and 21st century the book's chapters offer a way of analysing the way that monument designers have used specific semiotic choices in terms of things like iconography, objects, shape, form, angularity, height, materials and surface realisation to place representations of war in public places across Britain. This social-semiotic approach to the study of war monuments serves three innovative purposes. First, it provides a contribution to the work on the ideological representations of war in Media and Cultural Studies and in Critical Discourse Analysis applied specifically to more banal realisations of discourse. Second, it responds to calls by historians for innovative ways to study war commemoration by providing an approach that offers both specific analysis of the objects and attends to matters of design. Thirdly, following in the relatively recent tradition of multimodal analysis, the arguments draw on the ideas of Kress and van Leeuwen (1996, 2001), adapting and extending their theories and models to the analysis of British commemorative war monuments, in order to develop a multimodal framework for the analysis of three dimensional objects.
The Transformative Humanities
Authors: Epstein Mikhail
Published: September 2014

In his famous classification of the sciences, Francis Bacon not only catalogued those branches of knowledge that already existed in his time, but also anticipated the new disciplines he believed would emerge in the future: the "desirable sciences." Mikhail Epstein echoes, in part, Bacon's vision and outlines the "desirable" disciplines and methodologies that may emerge in the humanities in response to the new realities of the twenty-first century. Are the humanities a purely scholarly field, or should they have some active, constructive supplement? We know that technology serves as the practical extension of the natural sciences, and politics as the extension of the social sciences. Both technology and politics are designed to transform what their respective disciplines study objectively.

The Transformative Humanities: A Manifesto addresses the question: Is there any activity in the humanities that would correspond to the transformative status of technology and politics? It argues that we need a practical branch of the humanities which functions similarly to technology and politics, but is specific to the cultural domain.
Dress, Law and Naked Truth
Authors: Watt Gary
Published: September 2014

Why are civil authorities in so-called liberal democracies affronted by public nudity and the Islamic full-face “veil”? Why is law and civil order so closely associated with robes, gowns, suits, wigs and uniforms? Why is law so concerned with the “evident” and the need for justice to be “seen” to be done? Why do we dress and obey dress codes at all? In this, the first ever study devoted to the many deep cultural connections between dress and law, the author addresses these questions and more. His responses flow from the radical thesis that “law is dress and dress is law”. Engaging with sources from The Epic of Gilgamesh to Shakespeare, Carlyle, Dickens and Damien Hirst, Professor Watt draws a revealing history of dress and civil order and offers challenging conclusions about the nature of truth and the potential for individuals to fit within the forms of civil life.
Human Rights and Democracy
Authors: Landman Todd
Published: September 2014

The 20th century has been described as the bloodiest in human history, but it was also the century in which people around the world embraced ideas of democracy and human rights as never before, constructing social, political and legal institutions seeking to contain human behaviour. Todd Landman offers an optimistic, yet cautionary tale of these developments, drawing on the literature, from politics, international relations and international law. He celebrates the global turn from tyranny and violence towards democracy and rights but also warns of the precariousness of these achievements in the face of democratic setbacks and the undermining of rights commitments by many countries during the so-called 'War on Terror'.
The Text of the New Testament Apocrypha (100–400 CE)
Authors: Wayment Thomas
Published: September 2014

While there exist a variety of editions of the New Testament Apocrypha in English, German, French, Spanish, and Italian, the actual Greek texts have remained difficult to access until now. This book brings together these Greek non-canonical Christian texts from the pre-canonical period in an accurate and comprehensive collection. Including over 200 high quality images of the papyri and indicating where they are housed in the world today, this volume provides a highly valuable reference to facilitate the study of these fascinating texts.
Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 1.10-12
Authors: Hankinson R.J.
Published: September 2014

In the three chapters of On the Heavens dealt with in this volume, Aristotle argues that the universe is ungenerated and indestructible. In Simplicius’ commentary, translated here, we see a battle royal between the Neoplatonist Simplicius and the Aristotelian, Alexander, whose lost commentary on On the Heavens Simplicius partly preserves. Simplicius’ rival, the Christian Philoponus, had conducted a parallel battle in his Against Proclus but had taken the side of Alexander against Proclus and other Platonists, arguing that Plato’s Timaeus gives a beginning to the universe. Simplicius takes the Platonist side, denying that Plato intended a beginning. The origin on which Plato refers is, according to Simplicius, not a temporal origin, but the divine cause that produces the world without beginning.
A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Lamentations
Authors: Salters R. B.
Published: September 2014

In this title, professor Robert B. Salters contributes his commentary on Lamentations to the International Critical Commentary Series . For over one hundred years, International Critical Commentaries have had a special place among works on the Bible. They bring together all the relevant aids to exegesis - linguistic, textual, archaeological, historical, literary, and theological - to help the reader understand the meaning of the books of the Old and New Testaments. The new commentaries continue this tradition. All new evidence now available is incorporated and new methods of study are applied. The authors are of the highest international standing. No attempt has been made to secure a uniform theological or critical approach to the biblical text: contributors have been invited for their scholarly distinction, not for their adherence to any one school of thought. Robert B. Salters, Emeritus Professor of Old Testament at St. Andrews University provides a masterful commentary on Lamentations , as befits this prestigious commentary series. For over one hundred years, the International Critical Commentary series has held a special place among works on the Bible. It has sought to bring together all the relevant aids to exegesis - linguistic and textual no less than archaeological, historical, literary and theological - with a level of comprehension and quality of scholarship unmatched by any other series. No attempt has been made to secure a uniform theological or critical approach to the biblical text: contributors have been invited for their scholarly distinction, not for their adherence to any one school of thought. These are the first paperback editions to be published cover the heart of the New Testament, providing a wealth of information and research in accessible and attractive format.
The Second World War
Authors: Churchill Winston S.
Published: September 2014

Winston Churchill's monumental The Second World War, is a six volume account of the struggle between the Allied Powers in Europe against Germany and the Axis. Told by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, this book is also the story of one nation's heroic role in the fight against tyranny. Having learned a lesson at Munich they would never forget, the British refused to make peace with Hitler, defying him even after France had fallen and it seemed as though the Nazis were unstoppable.

In Their Finest Hour, Churchill describes the invasion of France and a growing sense of dismay in Britain. Should Britain meet France's desperate pleas for reinforcements or husband their resources in preparation for the inevitable German assault? In the book's second half, entitled simply "Alone," Churchill discusses Great Britain's position as the last stronghold against German conquest: the battle for control of the skies over Britain, diplomatic efforts to draw the United States into the war, and the spreading global conflict.
The Second World War
Authors: Churchill Winston S.
Published: September 2014

Winston Churchill's monumental The Second World War, is a six volume account of the struggle between the Allied Powers in Europe against Germany and the Axis. Told by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, this book is also the story of one nation's heroic role in the fight against tyranny. Having learned a lesson at Munich they would never forget, the British refused to make peace with Hitler, defying him even after France had fallen and it seemed as though the Nazis were unstoppable.

In Triumph and Tragedy, Churchill provides in dramatic detail the endgame of the war and the uneasy meetings between himself, Stalin, and Truman to discuss plans for rebuilding Europe in the aftermath of devastation, beginning with invasion of Normandy, the heroic landing of the Allied armies and the most remarkable amphibious operation in military history. Churchill watches as the uneasy coalition that had knit themselves together begins to fray at Potsdam, foreshadowing the birth of the Cold War.
The Second World War
Authors: Churchill Winston S.
Published: September 2014

Winston Churchill’s monumental The Second World War, is a six volume account of the struggle between the Allied Powers in Europe against Germany and the Axis. Told by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, this book is also the story of one nation’s heroic role in the fight against tyranny. Having learned a lesson at Munich they would never forget, the British refused to make peace with Hitler, defying him even after France had fallen and it seemed as though the Nazis were unstoppable.

Churchill shows in Volume Five, Closing the Ring, the Allied forces going on the offensive. Mussolini falls, Hitler is besieged on three sides, and the Japanese find it near impossible to maintain a grip on the territories they had recently overtaken. Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt work towards keeping their uneasy partnership moving in concert and much of this volume is dedicated to describing the intricate negotiations that went on to sustain this partnership toward one single end goal.
Barack Obama's Post-American Foreign Policy
Authors: Singh Robert
Published: September 2014

After one of the most controversial and divisive periods in the history of American foreign policy under President George W. Bush, the Obama administration was expected to make changes for the better in US relations with the wider world. Now, international problems confronting Obama appear more intractable, and there seems to be a marked continuity in policies between Obama and his predecessor.

Robert Singh argues that Obama's approach of 'strategic engagement' was appropriate for a new era of constrained internationalism, but it has yielded modest results. Obama's search for the pragmatic middle has cost him political support at home and abroad, whilst failing to make decisive gains. Singh suggests by calibrating his foreign policies to the emergence of a 'post-American'world, the president has yet to preside over a renaissance of US global leadership. Ironically,Obama's policies have instead hastened the arrival of a post-American world.
Norbert Elias and Modern Sociology
Authors: Dunning Eric , Hughes Jason
Published: September 2014

This book explores the interplay between the making of Elias as a sociologist and the development of his core ideas relating to figurations, interdependence, and civilising processes. Focusing on the relevance of Elias's work for current debates within sociology, the authors centrally consider his contributions to the sociology of knowledge and methodology. Dunning and Hughes locate the work of Elias within a discussion of the crisis of sociology as a subject, and compare his figurational approach with the approaches of three major figures in modern sociology: Anthony Giddens, Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu. This highly readable and engaging book will be essential reading for students and scholars of sociological theory and methods.
Coping with the events of daily life and quality of life of the socially active elderly
Authors: Gamrowska Anna , Steuden Stanisława
Published: September 2014

Background

Late adulthood is a period in which the number of stressors is increasing; therefore, strategies of coping with these situations may be significant in terms of the subjective evaluation of the quality of life and adaptation to old age. The objective of this paper was to examine the relationships between proactive coping and the quality of life in people in late adulthood. The quality of life was assessed using the Polish version of the CASP-19.

Participants and procedure

The research included 88 individuals (76 women and 12 men), aged from 60 to 85 years (M = 69.5, SD = 6.74). The following tools were used: The Proactive Coping Inventory, developed by Greenglass, Schwarzer and Taubert (Pasikowski’s adaptation), and the scale for the assessment of the quality of life, called CASP-19, of Higgs, Hyde, Wiggins and Blane (developed by the authors of this paper).

Results

The results of the research showed a positive relationship between the general level of proactive coping strategies, the proactive coping subscale and the general quality of life and addressing the needs of control and pleasure. People who are more proactive accomplish a higher general level of the quality of life, control and pleasure than people whose pro-activity level is lower.

Conclusions

Factors contributing to the quality of life and successful aging of elderly subjects are, first and foremost, skills connected with setting objectives autonomously, taking initiative, perseverance in activities and perceiving events in terms of opportunities of development and self-improvement. The CASP-19 seems to be a useful measure of the quality of life in old age.
Quality of life in the context of psychology and medicine
Authors: Kulikowski Konrad
Published: September 2014

W artykule zaprezentowano różnorodne sposoby ujmowania pojęcia jakości życia. Pokazano, jakie czynniki mogą warunkować jakość życia oraz jak zagadnienie to jest ujmowane w kontekście medycyny oraz psychologii. Zwrócono także uwagę na jego subiektywne i obiektywne aspekty. Podjęto próbę ukazania, że jakość życia pacjenta, zwłaszcza w kontekście reumatologii, nie może być rozpatrywana jednowymiarowo, jedynie na płaszczyźnie medycznej albo psychologicznej. Ocena i planowanie działań ukierunkowanych na poprawę i zachowanie jakości życia pacjenta wymaga podejścia holistycznego, uwzględniającego zarówno psychologiczne, jak i medyczne aspekty funkcjonowania chorego człowieka. Artykuł jest podzielony na trzy części: jakość życia w naukach medycznych, jakość życia i szczęście w koncepcjach psychologicznych oraz znaczenie jakości życia w reumatologii.
Quantification of the depletion of ozone in the plume of Mount Etna
Authors: Surl L. , Donohoue D. , Aiuppa A. , Bobrowski N. , von Glasow R.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Volcanoes are an important source of inorganic halogen species into the atmosphere. Chemical processing of these species generates oxidised, highly reactive, halogen species which catalyse considerable O3 destruction within volcanic plumes. A campaign of ground-based in situ O3, SO2 and meteorology measurements was undertaken at the summit of Mount Etna volcano in July–August 2012. At the same time, spectroscopic measurements were made of BrO and SO2 columns in the plume downwind. Depletions of O3 were seen at all in-plume measurement locations, with average O3 depletions ranging from 11–35 nmol mol−1 (15–45%). Atmospheric processing times of the plume were estimated to be between 1 and 4 min. A 1-D numerical model of early plume evolution was also used. It was found that in the early plume O3 was destroyed at an approximately constant rate relative to an inert plume tracer. This is ascribed to reactive halogen chemistry, and the data suggests the majority of the reactive halogen that destroys O3 in the early plume is generated within the crater, including a substantial proportion generated in a high-temperature "effective source region" immediately after emission. The model could approximately reproduce the main measured features of the O3 chemistry. Model results show a strong dependence of the near-vent bromine chemistry on the presence or absence of volcanic NOx emissions and suggest that near-vent O3 measurements can be used as a qualitative indicator of NOx emission.
Impact of radar data assimilation for the simulation of a heavy rainfall case in central Italy using WRF–3DVAR
Authors: Maiello I. , Ferretti R. , Gentile S. , Montopoli M. , Picciotti E. , Marzano F. S. , Faccani C.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the assimilation of Doppler weather radar (DWR) data in a mesoscale model for the forecast of a heavy rainfall event that occurred in Italy in the urban area of Rome from 19 to 22 May 2008. For this purpose, radar reflectivity and radial velocity acquired from Monte Midia Doppler radar are assimilated into the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model, version 3.4.1. The general goal is to improve the quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPF): with this aim, several experiments are performed using the three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) technique. Moreover, sensitivity tests to outer loops are performed to include non-linearity in the observation operators. In order to identify the best initial conditions (ICs), statistical indicators such as forecast accuracy, frequency bias, false alarm rate and equitable threat score for the accumulated precipitation are used. The results show that the assimilation of DWR data has a large impact on both the position of convective cells and on the rainfall forecast of the analyzed event. A positive impact is also found if they are ingested together with conventional observations. Sensitivity to the use of two or three outer loops is also found if DWR data are assimilated together with conventional data.
Description and basic evaluation of Beijing Normal University Earth System Model (BNU-ESM) version 1
Authors: Ji D. , Wang L. , Feng J. , Wu Q. , Cheng H. , Zhang Q. , Yang J. , Dong W. , Dai Y. , Gong D. , Zhang R.-H. , Wang X. , Liu J. , Moore J. C. , Chen D. , Zhou M.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. An earth system model has been developed at Beijing Normal University (Beijing Normal University Earth System Model, BNU-ESM); the model is based on several widely evaluated climate model components and is used to study mechanisms of ocean-atmosphere interactions, natural climate variability and carbon-climate feedbacks at interannual to interdecadal time scales. In this paper, the model structure and individual components are described briefly. Further, results for the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5) pre-industrial control and historical simulations are presented to demonstrate the model's performance in terms of the mean model state and the internal variability. It is illustrated that BNU-ESM can simulate many observed features of the earth climate system, such as the climatological annual cycle of surface-air temperature and precipitation, annual cycle of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST), the overall patterns and positions of cells in global ocean meridional overturning circulation. For example, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) simulated in BNU-ESM exhibits an irregular oscillation between 2 and 5 years with the seasonal phase locking feature of ENSO. Important biases with regard to observations are presented and discussed, including warm SST discrepancies in the major upwelling regions, an equatorward drift of midlatitude westerly wind bands, and tropical precipitation bias over the ocean that is related to the double Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).
Contribution of the Multi Attribute Value Theory to conflict resolution in groundwater management. Application to the Mancha Oriental groundwater system, Spain
Authors: Apperl B. , Andreu J. , Karjalainen T. P. , Pulido-Velazquez M.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. The implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive demands participatory water resource management approaches. Decision making in groundwater quantity and quality management is complex because of the existence of many independent actors, heterogeneous stakeholder interests, multiple objectives, different potential policies, and uncertain outcomes. Conflicting stakeholder interests have been often identified as an impediment to the realization and success of water regulations and policies. The management of complex groundwater systems requires clarifying stakeholders' positions (identifying stakeholders preferences and values), improving transparency with respect to outcomes of alternatives, and moving the discussion from the selection of alternatives towards definition of fundamental objectives (value-thinking approach), what facilitates negotiation. The aims of the study are to analyse the potential of the multi attribute value theory for conflict resolution in groundwater management and to evaluate the benefit of stakeholder incorporation in the different stages of the planning process to find an overall satisfying solution for groundwater management. The research was conducted in the Mancha Oriental groundwater system (Spain), subject to an intensive use of groundwater for irrigation. A complex set of objectives and attributes were defined, and the management alternatives were created by a combination of different fundamental actions, considering different implementation stages and future changes in water resources availability. Interviews were conducted with representative stakeholder groups using an interactive platform, showing simultaneously the consequences of changes of preferences to the alternative ranking. Results show that the acceptation of alternatives depends strongly on the combination of measures and the implementation stages. Uncertainties of the results were notable but did not influence heavily on the alternative ranking. The expected reduction of future groundwater resources by climate change increases the conflict potential. The implementation of the method to a very complex case study, with many conflicting objectives and alternatives and uncertain outcomes, including future scenarios under water limiting conditions, illustrate the potential of the method for supporting management decisions.
Justiça como Equidade e o Problema da Razoabilidade
Authors: Silveira Denis Coitinho
Published: September 2014

Neste artigo pretendo mostrar a importância do conceito de razoável na teoria da justiça como equidade, de John Rawls e também, explicar o problema da razoabilidade nessa teoria. O ponto de partida será ressaltar a exigência de razoabilidade que é feita ao agente moral na justiça como equidade. Posteriormente, procurarei identificar algumas críticas a esse critério. Partirei da crítica formulada por Estlund a respeito do estreitamento do conceito de razoabilidade e a necessidade da verdade e das críticas estabelecidas por Timmons e Gaus sobre a exigência demasiada e ineficaz da razoabilidade. O passo seguinte será tentar responder a essas críticas formuladas e, na parte final do texto, procurarei estipular um argumento a respeito de um tipo de responsabilidade moral razoável que pode estar contida na justiça como equidade.
Os construtivismos kantianos e a construção dos princípios de justiça na obra de Rawls.
Authors: Saturnino Braga Antonio
Published: September 2014

O objetivo do presente artigo é defender as seguintes teses. Em primeiro lugar, as teorias da justiça de Habermas e Rawls devem ser vistas como duas versões do construtivismo kantiano, entendido como abordagem metaética que pretende reunir anti-realismo e cognitivismo forte. Em segundo lugar, o contraste com o “construtivismo reconstrutivista” de Habermas ajuda a esclarecer de que modo a teoria de Rawls atende à pretensão de universalidade própria do cognitivismo forte. Ao realçar o fato de que o construtivismo de Rawls está baseado no trabalho reflexivo da consciência individual, o contraste com Habermas permite compreender em que sentido os conceitos de equilíbrio reflexivo e consenso sobreposto designam um ideal com pretensão de validade universal, o que desmente o particularismo implicado nas interpretações coerentistas e relativistas destes conceitos.
O debate dos desencontros: uma avaliação das críticas de Michal Sandel ao liberalismo de John Rawls.
Authors: Reis Flávio Azevedo
Published: September 2014

O principal objetivo de Micheal Sandel, no livro Liberalismo e os limites da justiça, foi atacar o conceito de deontologia de John Rawls. Nesse artigo, pretende-se argumentar que Sandel interpretou o conceito de deontologia de um modo equivocado. Há uma diferença entre a forma como Rawls definiu este conceito e a maneira como foi interpretado por Sandel. Dado isso, na primeira parte desse artigo, será analisado o modo como Sandel interpretou o conceito de deontologia na filosofia de Rawls. A segunda parte apresenta uma avaliação do confronto entre os dois autores à luz da diferença no modo como ambos compreendem o significado da deontologia no liberalismo político.
Economia Política e as raízes da posição original em Rawls
Authors: Pontin Fabricio
Published: September 2014

O impacto e a relevância da teoria econômica para o desenvolvimento de A Theory of Justice são, frequentemente, deixados de lado na imensa literatura a respeito das obras de John Rawls. Ainda assim, entender os elementos de economia política na obra de Rawls é fundamental para a compreensão dos motivos pelos quais ele abandonará uma abordagem utilitarista para a filosofia política e, consequentemente , par a noss o entendiment o das principais questões que dão origem à noção de justiça como equidade. Este artigo tem dois objetivos principais: primeiramente, descrever a influência de John Stuart Mill, Kenneth Arrow e Vilfredo Pareto na virada metodológica encontrada na ideia de posição original; segundo, descrever os elementos históricos pressupostos para a compreensibilidade dos ideais rawlsianos. Concluirei com algumas observações que sugerem um complemento historicista e fenomenológico para as descrições ideais encontradas no liberalismo político tal como é entendido por Rawls.
Potentia e potestas no Leviathan de Hobbes
Authors: Limongi Maria Isabel
Published: September 2014

No Leviathan o poder (power) pode ser entendido em dois sentidos diferentes, cuidadosamente diferenciados em sua versão latina pelo emprego dos termos potentia e potestas para traduzir, a depender do contexto e do tipo de poder em questão, o inglês power. Potentia e potestas, embora sejam tipos de poder de natureza distinta - um, o poder físico que os corpos têm de produzir efeitos uns nos outros; outro, o poder jurídico, do qual resultam efeitos jurídicos como a própria justiça -, estão mutuamente implicados na trama das representações jurídicas. Esse artigo pretende explorar as consequências que se seguem deste conceito ambivalente do poder para se pensar a justiça e o direito natural.
Pintura, história da arte e cultura
Authors: De Castro Gonçalves Rosa Gabriella
Published: September 2014

Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar como Michel Foucault e Roland Barthes analisaram a obra dos pintores Édouard Manet e Cy Twombly guiados pela idéia de que, na modernidade, a obra de arte não pode mais ser interpretada meramente como a expressão da subjetividade de seu autor e, sim, em virtude da relação que ela mantém com a cultura e com a história da arte anterior a ela, bem como o de avaliar o quanto esta abordagem se aproxima do formalismo.
O sublime e o expressionismo abstrato
Authors: Sussekind Pedro
Published: September 2014

Este artigo elabora duas hipóteses a respeito do expressionismo abstrato norte-americano. A primeira, baseada nas ideias de Clement Greenberg, é que esse movimento pode ser considerado o ápice da evolução do modernismo. A segunda, baseada em considerações de Robert Rosenblum e Jean-François Lyotard, é que os pintores expressionistas abstratos exploraram uma estética do sublime. Portanto, eles retomam a seu modo a elaboração de uma categoria estética tradicional, que já tinha sido tema da pintura figurativa romântica. A principal referência para essa vinculação entre o expressionismo abstrato e o sublime é a obra de Barnett Newman.
Mimese, pintura e poesia na Poética aristotélica
Authors: De Menezes e Silva Christiani Margareth
Published: September 2014

Este artigo procura compreender a noção de mimese na Poética de Aristóteles. Tanto nos autores do século V a.C., quanto em Platão e em Aristóteles, os cognatos de mimesis desconhecem um campo específico de aplicação, além disso, apresentam acepções – simular e emular – que por vezes se identificam e outras vezes se contradizem. Apesar desta ambivalência de mimesis e cognatos nos autores do século V a.C., e no próprio Aristóteles, na Poética o exemplo da pintura elucida melhor o sentido de mimesis e cognatos no contexto das mimetikai technai (artes miméticas).
Espiritual e magia na arte. A noção de Gênio na obra de Kandinsky.
Authors: Romero Menon Jr. Walter
Published: September 2014

Este texto pretende-se um ensaio sobre a questão do Espiritual na teoria pictórica de Kandinsky. Nele busco evidenciar a idéia de que as concepções do pintor russo, em grande parte construída em consonância com o pensamento esotérico do fim do século XIX, aproximam-se bastante de um tipo de cosmologia mágica, que abriga uma perspectiva análoga àquela das categorias do pensamento mágico segundo Marcel  Mauss. No centro desta cosmologia encontra-se a arte, síntese do Espiritual, cuja noção central é a de gênio que creio ser herdada em grande medida de Kant
Imagens
Authors: Filosofia e Pintura Imagens
Published: September 2014

Imagens
Tempo e sujeito - O transcendental e o empírico na fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Moutinho Luiz Damon Santos
Published: September 2014

Esse artigo investiga a fenomenologia do tempo de Merleau-Ponty e centra seu foco na crítica merleau-pontiana às "Lições sobre a consciência íntima do tempo" de Husserl. A partir dessa crítica e da diferença entre os dois autores, o artigo mostra como Merleau-Ponty se afasta do modelo husserliano de uma fenomenologia da Razão.Merleau-Ponty. Husserl. Tempo. Sujeito. Transcendental. Empírico. Time and Subject The transcendental and the empirical in Merleau-Ponty´s PhenomenologyAbstractThis article investigates Merleau-Ponty´s phenomenology of time and focuses on Merleau-Pontys critique of Husserls Lessons about the intimate consciousness of time. Based on this critique and on the difference between the two authors, the article shows how Merleau-Ponty moves away from the Husserlian model of a phenomenology of Reason.Merleau-Ponty. Husserl. Time. Subject. Transcendental. Empirical.
Heidegger: origem e finitude do tempo
Authors: Dos Reis Róbson Ramos
Published: September 2014

Neste artigo apresento os traços gerais da doutrina heideggeriana da temporalidade, em Ser e Tempo. Além de destacar os aspectos ontológicos que caracterizam tal abordagem, acentuo uma característica central da assim chamada cronologia fenomenológica, a saber: a identificação de modos do tempo e o a determinação de uma relação de dependência explicativa entre eles. A finitude da temporalidade e a gênese dos modos do tempo a partir da temporalidade originária do Dasein são analisadas com maior ênfase. O artigo é encerrado com uma breve consideração de quatro tópicos que certamente devem ser abordados com maior detalhe em uma posterior análise da cronologia fenomenológica de Heidegger.Fenomenologia. Heidegger. Temporalidade. Heidegger: Time's Origin and Finitude AbstractIn this paper I present the general lines of Heidegger's doctrine of temporality in Being and Time. Besides the ontological aspects that distinguish such approach, I also stress a main feature of the so-called phenomenological chronology, that is: the identification of modes of time, and the determination of an explanatory dependency relation between them. The finitude of temporality and the genesis of the modes of time from Dasein's originary temporality are both analyzed with more emphasis. The paper ends with a short review of four issues that a further analysis of Heidegger's phenomenological chronology surely must address in detail.Phenomenology. Heidegger. Temporality.
A concepção bergsoniana do tempo
Authors: Worms Frederic
Published: September 2014

Trata-se aqui de mostrar como a filosofia de Bergson decorre da constatação da passagem do tempo enquanto fato primordial e originário; nessa medida, as suas obras podem ser consideradas como diferentes tentativas de esclarecer tal experiência da temporalidade que, filosoficamente considerada, consiste na intuição da duração. Para isso, examina-se a forma pela qual o tratamento dado a problemas filosóficos distintos e discutidos em cada um de suas obras efetiva-se como meditação sobre o fato primitivo e seu esclarecimento progressivo. Em primeiro lugar, acompanhamos o percurso de dedução das principais características da duração, sucessão, conservação e ato, sublinhando algumas de suas conseqüências filosóficas. A seguir, examinamos a dimensão crítica da filosofia de Bergson pela análise do pensamento do instante, aquele que desfigura a experiência do tempo e origina a via equivocada da metafísica tradicional; nesse exame procuramos diferenciar tal pensamento da experiência da simultaneidade, que é constitutiva de nossa relação concreta com as coisas.Duração. Sucessão. Simultaneidade. Criação. Experiência. Instante. The bergsonian Conception of Time AbstractThe aim of this article is to show how Bergson´s philosophy derives from the understanding of the passing of time as an original and primordial fact. In this way, his works can be considered to be different attempts to explain this experience of temporality which, philosophically considered, consist of the intuition of duration. Thus, we examine the way in which the treatment given to distinct philosophical problems discussed in each of his works takes place as a meditation on the primitive fact and its progressive clarification. Firstly, we follow the course of deduction of the main characteristics of duration, succession, conservation and act, emphasizing some of his philosophical consequences. We then examine the critical dimension of Bergson´s philosophy through the analysis of the thought of the instant, which distorts the experience of time and gives rise to an equivocal way of traditional metaphysics; in this examination we shall seek to differentiate this idea from the experience of simultaneity that constitutes our concrete relationship with things.Duration. Succcession. Simultaneity. Creation. Experience. Instant.