bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Improvement of Federated Learning in communication efficiency
Authors: Yang Yimeng
Published: March 2023

In recent years, the need to protect user privacy and data security as well as multi-party data cooperation has become increasingly strong. Privacy computing is considered a fundamental solution that is growing rapidly and gaining unprecedented popularity. Currently, federated learning is the most popular product in privacy computing. With its lightweight technology route and deployment, it has become a mainstream solution and product of choice for many privacy computing applications, such as providing advanced medical image collection segmentation technology in the medical field to protect patient privacy, where it can play a unique role. But Federated learning faces a need to improve communication efficiency. This paper introduces FedAvg, the most basic algorithm for federated learning, including its basic process, advantages and disadvantages. We analyze algorithms that optimize federated learning by adding local computation, Communication Compression (including model Compression, Periodic Averaging and Quantization Compression, and gradient Compression), computation and communication overlap, and compare the strengths and weaknesses of representative algorithms for each approach. At the end of this paper, the summary and prospect are made.
Flappy Bird Game Based on the Deep Q Learning Neural Network
Authors: Gu Jiarui , Guo Yunhao , Lam Yushan , Pu Ziyou Benjamin
Published: March 2023

In the past decades, with the rapid development of technology, people discovered ways for machines to learn. Machines can be trained to recognize things, play games, create sounds, or find the best choices. There are several models and tools to train the machine to make the machine learn through supervised or not supervised, even independent learning. Through neural networks or other methods, the machine can be trained for many episodes. Making awards or punishments can make the machine construct ways to decide the most valuable solution. Among these functions AI can achieve, game is the most direct platform to apply machine learning, since awards and punishments can be applied very easily: through the score. In this study, we choose to use a Deep-Q-Learning Neural Network (DQN) to train our AI to achieve our goal: Using AI to play Flappy Bird through deep learning. Our task is different from other game training, such as navigating an AI to find the best solution in different choices. In this task, the player (i.e. bird) cannot get any award or punishment through a single action, but it can get an award by passing each obstacle. The goal of the AI is to pass as many obstacles as it can, by choosing to fly upward or idle.
Flappy Bird Game Based on Reinforcement Learning Q-Learning Algorithm
Authors: He Zhenni , Zhang Yi , Zhao Dingle
Published: March 2023

In the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), game AI is becoming more and more important, and the human-machine training of games is gradually driving the development of the game field. Among them, Flappy Bird is one of game which can controlled by an AI, which deserves more attention. In this work, we used Q-Learning as our main algorithm of the AI. In the flappy bird AI, the algorithm of Q-learning is used for giving the feedback through the environment which corresponding reward according to the actions of the agent. By using this method and after the training of the flappy bird AI, we can get the scores that are much more than human’s record. The highest record of the flappy bird AI is 4, 083. The average score for human is about only 100, but in the flappy bird AI, the score can easily be more than 1, 000. According to all the work we did and all the result we got, we can see that the comparison between the AI and human. In the game area, AI did much better than human in most game. That is the reason that much research is focusing on developing game AI to help us getting deeper in the game field since it is more efficient to use.
Expression Recognition Based on Multi-level Multi-model Fusion Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Cao Jianzhe , Hu Chengxin , Kong Lingtong , Yu Zehao
Published: March 2023

In the research of Facial Expression Recognition (FER), training networks using deep learning methods often relies on data sets with accurate label and balanced number of each classification. However, when training on low-quality data sets, the performance of traditional models is insufficient. In order to solve the problem, the paper proposes an expression recognition method based on Multi-level Multi-model Fusion Deep Convolutional Neural Network. The Deep Convolutional Neural Network is composed of three models, ResNet-50, ResNet-101 and InceptionNet-V3, which have similar performance on ImageNet. We use the weighted average fusion algorithm as our fusion method. According to the accuracy of the three models, weighted fusion is carried out, and the model with high accuracy is given higher weight. It increases the width of the network and the number of parameters. At the same time, it can solve the problem of accuracy degradation when the number of layers in the deep network increases. We choose FER2013, a widely recognized low-quality data set, for the experiment. The experimental results based on FER2013 data set show that the facial expression recognition accuracy of this method reach 71.78%, which is significantly better than ResNet-50, ResNet-101 and InceptionNet-V3. Compared with other models, it also verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model in identifying low-quality data sets.
Development of Semantic Segmentation Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhao Yang
Published: March 2023

In recent years, the discipline of computer vision has seen a lot of interest in the study of image semantic segmentation. Deep learning has grown in popularity, and deep learning and image segmentation have combined and improved. These technologies are now widely employed in autonomous vehicles, intelligent robots, and other devices. In the beginning, Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN) or U-net-based semantic segmentation techniques were proposed; FCN realized an end-to-end training network and effectively applied Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to the semantic segmentation domain. To improve outcomes in the field of semantic segmentation, the encoder-decoder structure from the FCN approach was later implemented, and the Atrous Convolution approach was also proposed. Transformer-based semantic segmentation techniques are another recent trend, in addition to CNN-based networks. The Transformer model was first proposed in 2017, and subsequent Transformer-based semantic segmentation methods have also achieved good results. In this paper, these various methods will be compared and discussed to provide a guidance for this field.
Research on Mathematical Modeling Competition and Ideological and Political Education Based on Analysis and Prediction Algorithm
Authors: Li Xiang , Wang Hongpeng , Kang Jiaju , Zhang Zimo , Qiao Yiming , Liu Nan
Published: March 2023

This paper selects the research of mathematical modeling competition and correlation analysis of ideological and political education based on analysis and prediction algorithm, including corresponding analysis algorithm, time series prediction algorithm, bp neural network prediction algorithm, and grey association analysis algorithm. First of all, when the corresponding analysis method is used, based on the extraction of a large number of ideological and political documents, the indicators of the past three years were obtained, and the four indicators of "teacher system, reform and innovation, cultural integration, and student classroom" were clustered to obtain the status quo and development trend of the four indicators. For the prediction of the future ideological and political education, we used the time-series algorithm and the BP neural network algorithm to derive the number of published articles and the development trends in the ideological and political field in the next two years.Using grey correlation analysis, with "mathematical modeling, politics" as the theme, to all relevant literature retrieval, extract representative 100 articles, to all the factors involved in the article clustering, red elements, traditional culture, classroom atmosphere, personal value, national situation five related factors, analyze the influence of grey correlation, get the results from high to low order: red elements 0.611,0.596, traditional culture, classroom atmosphere 0.594, personal value of 0.593, national situation 0.581, are strong influence factors, so as to prove the rationality of the model.
MBTI Personality Prediction Based on BERT Classification
Authors: Zhang Hanwen
Published: March 2023

Young people today tend to express their feelings and socialize on the internet instead of in real life, which makes social media practical in defining one's personality since their expressions usually exhibit their personalities. Predicting people's personalities based on their posts is a relatively challenging task requiring large quantities of processing data and modeling. This paper uses two word-embedding methods, BERT classification and TF-IDF Vectorizer, and three models, including Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Random Forest Classifier, to find this task's state of the art method. In this case, with BERT classification, the state-of-the-art method for most of the Natural Language Processing(NLP) tasks, Logistic Regression is the best-performing model with an average accuracy of 87 percent.
Construction of glass composition analysis and identification model based on K-means algorithm optimized by genetic algorithm
Authors: Zhang Chenyu , Wu Yunjian , Zhou Mengna
Published: March 2023

Ancient glass is highly susceptible to weathering by the environment in which it is buried. During the weathering process the proportion of its composition changes, thus affecting the correct judgment of its category. In this paper, the two categories of high potassium and lead-barium glass were subclassified separately, and firstly, the elbow method was used to combine the SC contour coefficients to obtain their optimal number of clusters as 3,7 respectively; after that, the initial point selection was set as the decision variable, the interclass distance and the minimum as the fitness function, and the initial population size was set as 50, the clustering distance as Euclidean distance and other parameters, and the genetic algorithm was used to optimize the K-means clustering to achieve the subclassification delineation. Taking lead barium as an example, after optimization, CHI is increased by 4, DBI is decreased by 0.3, contour coefficient is increased by 0.2, and the clustering effect becomes better. Finally, the Kappa consistency test was performed, and the Kappa coefficient was 0.822 indicating the reasonableness of the clustering results; by changing the selected feature vector dimensions for sensitivity analysis, the Kappa coefficients were all above 0.8, which were not sensitive to the dimensionality of the feature vectors. The model effectively implements the problem of subclassifying different classes of glass for subclassification.
Research on Base Station Site Planning Based on Cluster Analysis and Azimuth Analysis Model
Authors: Song Haobin , Yang Jing , Liu Yue , Jiang Zhihao , Wang Shi , Chen Limi , Zhao Xiaochun
Published: March 2023

With the rapid development of the information age, the construction of 5G mobile network has improved the speed of network transmission and the utilization rate of spectrum. However, at the same time, the coverage of base stations is correspondingly less and less. In order to improve the quality of mobile communication, this paper uses the normal distribution 3-standard deviation method, Euclidean distance and 0-1 planning site selection model to analyze and divide the macro and micro base stations and make the optimal solution of site planning. Furthermore, the azimuth analysis model and K-means clustering algorithm were used to optimize the site planning and coverage area. Finally, 331 macro stations and 6459 micro base stations needed to be built, with an optimized Angle of 47 degrees and a coverage area of 93.3%. This paper provides some reference ideas for solving the problem of selecting and planning the base station site in the communication network.
Analysis of Scientific Research Hotspots in the Field of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Liu Jianing
Published: March 2023

[Objective]This paper discusses the development trends and research hotspots in the field of artificial intelligence in China.[Methods]Take the papers in the Web of Science Core Collection database as the research object, and use the methods such as the statistics of the number of documents issued, the statistics of keyword word frequency, and keyword co occurrence analysis to identify research hotspots in the field of artificial intelligence.[Results]According to the results of data analysis, the research focuses in this field mainly focus on four aspects: neural network, algorithm optimization, classification technique and deep learning.[Conclusions]Using bibliometric methods to analyze the relevant literatures in the field of artificial intelligence can reveal the research hotspots in this field, thus providing guidance for relevant researchers.
Preface: 3rd International Conference on Medical Imaging, Sanitation and Biological Pharmacy (MISBP 2022)
Authors: Mansfield Cornelius , Jian Furui
Published: March 2023

Considering the current situation of COVID-19 and travel restrictions, the 2022 3rd International Conference on Medical Imaging, Sanitation and Biological Pharmacy (MISBP 2022) was changed into virtual conference held during December 17-18, 2022 in Chengdu, China. This conference aims to provide a platform for researchers and engineers to share their ideas, recent developments, and successful practices in medical imaging, sanitation and biological pharmacy.

The conference had 4 technical session and 4 poster sessions. Each keynote speech lasted 35-40 minutes, and authors presentation 8-10 minutes. Each presentation was included with questions and answers. MISBP 2022 became an effective communication platform for all the participants over the world. The conference proceeding is a compilation of the accepted papers and represent an interesting outcome of the conference.

We would like to acknowledge all of those who supported MISBP 2022. Especially we would like to thank the committee members and reviewers for their tremendous contribution in conference organization and peer review of the papers. We are sure that the proceedings will serve as an important research source of references and the knowledge, which will lead to not only scientific and engineering progress but also other new products and processes.

MISBP Conference Organizing Chair

Chengdu, China
The involvement of Lymphocyte activation gene 3 and the inhibitor in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lin Rongxiang
Published: March 2023

Non-small cell lung cancer, or NSCLC, is the most typical malignant tumor in lung carcinoma. NSCLC causes a relatively high fatality and prevalence rate compared to other cancers worldwide. A combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and chemoradiotherapy interventions are commonly used as standard or front-line therapy for patients with NSCLC. However, a relatively novel treatment, immunotherapy, has become a popular target for many cancer-related clinical researches in recent years, including melanoma, urothelial cancer, and NSCLC. The general purpose of immunotherapy is to target the host’s immune system and increase the immune response opposing the tumor. Within immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) was gaining increasing attention as a therapeutic method for many cancers through recent studies. Immune checkpoints (ICs) regulate the immune response and suppress the activity of immune cells when expressed. This mechanism of action prevents immune cells from developing autoimmunity, which, if it happens, immune cells will start attacking healthy cells in the host. However, one disadvantage of IC is that they indirectly enhance tumor survival by deactivating immune cells. Thus, many ICIs are developed to directly inhibit the activity of the targeted IC. Among all types of immune checkpoints, lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) acts as an essential IC in the host’s cell. The primary objective of this article is not only to elucidate the association between LAG-3 and NSCLC but also to explain the effect of anti-LAG-3 drugs in patients with NSCLC, its synergistic effect with other checkpoint inhibitors, and the limitations of immune checkpoint inhibitors for future investigation.
Neuromodulation in the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Fu Zuoming
Published: March 2023

Finding ways to treat chronic neuropathic pain and neurodegenerative diseases has been plaguing scientists for a long time. Pharmacological methods were firstly used to deal with these diseases. However, problems like drug overdose and addiction largely limit the efficacy of pharmacological treatment. With the rapid development of electronic devices and materials, scientists now have the ability to modulate nerve activities in a different way. Neuromodulation is a boosting field of neurotechnology which use physical or chemical methods to exert modulation effects in the central or peripheral nervous system of the human body. Usually, neuromodulation is used as an alternative to long-term drug therapy for treating chronic neuropathic pain. This article discusses the mechanisms and methods of neuromodulation and reviews its applications in neuropathic pain, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s. Different methods of neuromodulation are put together and their characteristics and advantages are discussed. This article provides a reference to current neuromodulation technics, their possible mechanisms, and applications, helping future studies gain a clear overview of the field of neuromodulation.
Dilemma of Glial in Alzheimer’s: A Review of the Role of Glial Cells in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Cheng Yuxi
Published: March 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disease worldwide. Though related studies are persistently conducted, the disease pathogenicity is yet to be fully deciphered. Most previous trails ended in failure and an effective treatment is an acute requirement. Current investigations attributed the cause of AD to neuronal cells. Nevertheless, non-neuron (i.e., glial cells) make up a considerable population of whole brain cells in the central nervous system and are highly associative with AD onset and progression. This review summarises some current findings of Alzheimer’s in the context of glial, highlighting the multiple functions of microglial cells and astrocytes in AD brains. The discussion was followed by crosstalk of Alzheimer’s, blood brain barrier, and glial cells, which broaden our understanding of the complexity and heterogenous dynamic of the disease. Extended studies are needed to further characterise the role of glial cells in neurodegenerative disorders, aiming to develop better therapeutic strategies in the coming years.
Research progress on the regulation mechanism of the mitotic spindle localization in budding yeast cells
Authors: Li Yuanheng
Published: March 2023

Eukaryotic cells distribute genetic material equally to two daughter cells through mitosis to maintain the stability of genetic traits between parents and offspring. The key to the precise distribution of genetic material is spindle localization. Many studies have shown that spindle localization is a very complex life process regulated by many related proteins such as tubulin and dynein. It is not only essential for normal cell activities such as cell division, differentiation, and embryonic development but also related to the occurrence of diseases such as cancer. Over the years, although the regulatory mechanism of spindle localization in different organisms has been reported successively, the research on its regulatory mechanism in budding yeast is more in-depth. Based on the research status of mitotic spindle regulation mechanism of budding yeast cells at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the research progress of spindle localization regulation mechanism and related protein function in budding yeast in recent years.
Application of Zn-MOFs in Treating Cancer
Authors: Cong Zihan
Published: March 2023

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are extremely porous crystals belonging to metallic complexes, made up of metal ions or clusters and organic ligands via coordinative bonding. The construction of tailored MOFs has attracted increasing interest over the past few decades. Particularly, a variety of applications for the delivery of drugs using MOFs are being investigated. MOFs were initially employed to deliver small-molecule medications. In this article, the construction of electrochemical (EC) biosensors based on MOFs that are directed toward certain analytes are mainly introduced. The classification of MOFs for drug-delivery systems (DDSs) based on the types of constitutes is presented in this article as an overview and point of view of MOF-based DDSs, among which, Zn-based MOFs are one of the best choices to be used in cancer treatment. This article demonstrates the advantages of Zn-based MOFs in cancer treatment compared to their counterparts.
Research on the Phenomenon of COVID-19 Mortality Rate Changes
Authors: Yan Xingyue
Published: March 2023

In the last three years, the most commonly occurring topic in people’s day-to-day dialogue has inevitably been the corona-virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). At the same time, it is embodied in various aspects of our lives. For example, keeping social distance, wearing masks, getting vaccinated, staying at home order, working at home have had an impact on people's lives. With the tendency of COVID-19 mutations, more people are being diagnosed or even dying. In addition to this, there is a significant risk of sequelae in those who are recovered. However, there are still no other options such as medical treatment to stop the occurrence of COVID-19 completely. Therefore, this research examines the changes affecting the causes of COVID-19 deaths for these conditions. While many researchers have explored relevant topics during the period affected by the epidemic, this research provides a fairly comprehensive overview of age (11 age groups), sex (male and female), vaccination status, and alterations in the overall number of diagnoses and fatality cases since COVID-19's inception up until the present. It is possible to obtain from the detailed investigation whether there is a significant relationship between COVID-19 and age, sex, and vaccination status. This research includes Box plots and Anova test for different age groups and sexes, and line graphs of the number of vaccinations, the amount of COVID-19 mortality in the United States, and the amount of COVID-19 confirmed cases and mortality worldwide to compare, interpret, and analyze the data to obtain conclusions.
The main BH3-only proteins in BCL-2 family
Authors: Pang Zeyu
Published: March 2023

BCL-2 family protein is an important molecular marker of programmed cell death. The form of apoptosis exists in the balance between anti-apoptotic protein and apoptotic protein. The special small molecular protein of apoptotic protein is a window to create small molecular drugs. BH3-only protein is the main simulation form of BH3 drugs. Therefore, this review summarizes the basic structure of BH3-only protein and the related role of protein in apoptosis, which can be widely used in the combined treatment of apoptosis. Besides, this review also updates the relevant latest research news from venetoclax, which was approved for listing by the FDA. The review will contribute to BH3 drugs manufacturing, and will support models to other drugs that could easily treat with different cancers.
Pyroptosis in Neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Zhu Yichen
Published: March 2023

Neurodegenerative diseases, typically, manifest in the elderly. It is becoming a new epidemic disease over the centuries and causes severe symptom as well as high public cost. Thus, finding the cure of neurodegenerative disease is in urgent need. There has been a lot of interest lately in the neuroinflammation-mediated neuronal death pathway. Aberrant activation of programmed cell death is observed in neurodegenerative disease, leading in undesired loss of neuronal cells and function. Among these, research currently on the pyroptosis, which serves a key function in regulating homeostasis and eliminating unwanted cells, has drawn much attention. Comparing pyroptosis within apoptosis, the unique features of pyroptosis made it possible to be cure of the neurodegenerative disease. Due to its mechanism, it can function differently in different neurodegenerative disease. This review focuses on the characteristics and molecular mechanism of pyrpptosis, in addition, its role in neurodegenerative disease has also been discussed.
Diagnosis and Treatments of Low Back Pain
Authors: Sin Yu Mok,
Published: March 2023

In today's society, most people have low back pain, which is a significant issue for everyone. Sports people are susceptible to injuries as well. In the early stages of their careers, many athletes who train exceptionally hard have substantial low back issues. This study explores four distinct injury types that result in low back pain, each with varying degrees of damage that may have an effect on daily life to varying degrees. Additionally, there are many different techniques for diagnosis, but each has benefits and drawbacks that need to be carefully considered. Diverse preventive and therapeutic approaches are appropriate for persons of various ages. Therefore, kindly refrain from using the improper strategy to assist people in preventing it because doing so makes their discomfort worse. Five treatment kinds have been discussed in the magazine, all of which are very different from one another in terms of their therapy methods. Because they can aid in their quick recovery and don't require general therapies for all individuals, certain types of people have particular treatments.
Motor Imagery-based BCI Perspective in Procedure and Analysis
Authors: Zhong Zuwen
Published: March 2023

Motor Imagery (MI) is a cognitive exercise that can be utilized in motor rehabilitation. Using brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) is a practical technique to link computers and human brains, which can acquire and understand human brain signals when performing. MI-BCI has been proven effective to help the paralyzed regain basic movement controls. However, some problems are hindering the development of MI-BCI. Predecessors have proposed relevant methods to resolve them. Thus, it is important to learn about MI-BCI comprehensively and understand some novel methods to improve the performance of MI-BCI. Collecting and reviewing other essays, the study focuses on the structure and lists new applications of MI-BCI especially about the use of deep learning. The study also discusses self-paced training during the calibration phase and deep learning approaches for potential fields. Finally, the analysis of applications and four possible future directions are posed in the discussion, hoping to offer some useful advice to improve MI-based BCI.
Neuromodulation Based on Brain-computer Interface Technology
Authors: Zheng Ke
Published: March 2023

Therapeutic brain-computer interface (BCI) is a fast-developing area with considerable potential in improving the life qualities of various patients. Although a complete mechanistic understanding is yet achieved, empirical explorations into neuromodulatory devices, including deep brain stimulation (DBS), transcranial magnetic and electrical stimulation (TMS, TES), and electroencephalography (EEG), have enriched the repertoire for treating many neurologic diseases. Four such diseases discussed are Parkinson's disease (PD), substance use disorder (SUD), epilepsy, and depression. BCI devices alleviate symptoms by modulating neuronal activities, for instance, via directly delivering electrical stimulation, but each disease poses challenges now. Currently, neuromodulation techniques for PD and epilepsy are relatively mature and require few more perfections, while the ones concerning SUD and depression are young and fledgling, but multiple studies have revealed preliminary success and therapeutic potential. This article aims to review four techniques’ applications in four common neurologic disorders, including current achievements, associated difficulties, and potential future directions.
Comparison of The Effects Between Different Opioid Receptors Painkiller
Authors: Feng Zhenni , Han Mingrun , Liu Xiaoyu , Sun Anyi
Published: March 2023

In searching for various kinds of painkillers and comparing the pharmaceutical effects of them, morphine and M6G, metadon, sufentanil are the most common and attractive among all the painkillers. The content below would mainly introduce the mechanism of opioid painkillers, which include the receptors and process of how opioids work, and these four drugs in their sources, effective dose, therapeutic effects and side effects. Except the same point of reliving pain, these drugs have different specialties and contraindication, so study them respectively and analogy them in different fields is essential to distinguish them and use them in different situations. Although the data from those literature is very convinced, there are still more studies need to be done to figure out more advanced drugs in the future.
Analysis of the cases of Hantavirus in the United State to avoid the next outbreak
Authors: Miao Zhanxi
Published: March 2023

Hantaviruses have always existed in today’s society, and people in many countries have been attacked by rodents, or unknowingly in contact with rodent fluids, leading to a silent increase in the number of hantavirus cases. Compared to the current COVID-19 epidemic, the hantavirus is not well known to the world, but in fact, not only in the United States but in China, HFPS cases account for more than half of the confirmed cases globally. Both HPS and HFPS can lead to severe clinical features such as hypotensive shock, renal failure, and other symptoms. At present, there is no specific medicine, and the vaccine technology is not mature. Vaccines are still in development and have not yet reached the ideal state. So, this essay is to summarize the past surveillance and control of the hantavirus in the United States to reduce the possibility of a resurgence of the virus. By explaining the cases of hantavirus in the United States and the work, race, gender, and many different aspects of the patients, the current treatment direction and methods of hantavirus are explained. On the whole, people should pay more attention to epidemic monitoring, strengthen customs management, strengthen people's awareness of the hantavirus, and strengthen education in high-risk areas, to be more able to control the outbreak of the epidemic.
Research progress of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescents
Authors: Zheng Junling
Published: March 2023

There is an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among adolescents. In particular, the prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus patients aged 7-17 years in China ascended from 0.24% in 2002 to 0.52% in 2012. Although the incidence rate is not high, the growth rate is rapid. The main reason why the number of adolescents who suffer from T2DM has been continually rising is that the population of overweight and obese adolescents has been constantly expanding. Research also shows that poor dietary habits and genetic factors also play a crucial role in adolescent patients. As a result, obesity leads to insulin resistance——a condition in which the body’s cells find it hard to respond properly to the hormone insulin, and this is the core of type 2 diabetes. This paper points out the current epidemiological characteristics of adolescent T2DM, aiming to provide a reference for the current situation of adolescent T2DM by understanding the pathogenesis, risk factors and the prevention or treatment of adolescent T2DM.
Principle and Progress of Treating Lymphoma with CD22 as Immunotherapy Target
Authors: Zhuang Bosen , Xu Ruoxi
Published: March 2023

B-cell lymphoma is a type of lymphoid tissue tumour, which is usually caused by clonal proliferation of lymphocytes at different stages of differentiation.  CD22 molecule is ubiquitous in normal B cells and B cell malignant tumours. It is a principal element in the B cell maturation and proliferation, and provides an important functional link to the adjustment of B cell surface and intracellular signaling and cell survival.  Although the function of CD22 remains unclear, blocking the action of CD22 has been proved to inhibit the growth of malignant B cells and CD22 has become an important therapeutic target of B-cell lymphoma.  We will also discuss the strategies for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma targeting CD22, including naked antibodies, bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), antibodies conjugated to radioactive elements, and chimeric antigen receptor-based T-cell (CAR-T) cell immunotherapy.
The Role of Monoclonal Antibodies in Breast Cancer
Authors: Luo Jingran , Chang Xinxin , Wang Suri Yuqing , Yu Hongchuan
Published: March 2023

Monoclonal antibody-based therapy is a promising strategy to treat breast cancer because, as a targeted cancer drug, it locates and binds to a specific cancer cell. The importance of monoclonal antibodies to give an additional and efficient channel remains a serious issue because several kinds of breast cancer, particularly Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), have limited methods and a low response to conventional drug therapy. Although patients associated with metastatic diseases used to experience short survival and poor prognosis, developments have been achieved recently. The development of targeted cancer drugs is thought to improve clinical therapies for breast cancers and the overall survival length of patients. Expectations are that targeted cancer drugs will be pair used with chemotherapy, and data has already shown that patients lived nearly two times longer compared to before. This review provides an overview of three types of monoclonal antibodies, trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and trodelvy (sacituzumab govitecan) respectively, which all act as targeted cancer drugs in breast cancer treatments. Three main parts are included in this review, involving the historical development of the drugs, the mechanism of the drugs, and the issues of the drugs while being utilized to treat breast cancer, which is separated into two parts: the side effects and drug resistance.
Trends and Challenges of BCI-based Visual Prostheses
Authors: Wang Zicen
Published: March 2023

The development of visual prostheses is a popular field of research in recent years. Several approaches had been suggested to create artificial vision, with varying progress to success. This work attempts to briefly review the current state of research and its implication on patients. We mainly focus on the novel retinal and cortical visual prostheses, and investigate effect of various stimulation regions. Eventually, we also presented our concerns and challenges about this field.
Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of Covid-19
Authors: Li Zhaoyi
Published: March 2023

The survival and advancement of humans have been gravely challenged by the COVID-19 virus. All countries are doing their best to control the epidemic and protect the safety of human beings and the world. Regrettably, no specific vaccine or drug has yet received approval in order to treat it. Surprisingly, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown indubitable clinical benefits in this pandemic. Traditional Chinese medicine is a precious crystallization of wisdom summed up by ancient Chinese people from generation to generation. Traditional Chinese medicine is made from different kinds of natural herbs through various formulas and formulas to make different medicines to treat diseases. Combining the experience of ancestors, modern scientists have concluded different TCM methods to treat patients who have COVID-19 symptoms. Numerous credible clinical studies have examined the beneficial and efficient treatment benefits of patients at different COVID-19 stages treated with traditional Chinese medicine. The unique coronavirus pneumonia pandemic was prevented and controlled with the help of TCM, which has also greatly promoted the academic development of TCM. It also strengthens the ties between the people of the world. We also prepare for future pandemics.
Effect of Different Diets on Human Gut Microbiome Health
Authors: Lin Jingjian
Published: March 2023

In the past 20 years, research on the human gut microbiome and human health has exploded. Diet and gut microbiota are considered important parts of human health. Therefore, it is important and urgent to dig deeper into the impacts of different diets on the human gut and human health. This paper mainly compared the impacts of plant-based diets and animal-based high-fat low-fiber western diets on gut health and human diseases. Through introducing vegan, vegetarian, and mediterranean diets and related research, plant-based diets are much healthier than high-fat low-fiber western diets when it comes to fighting cancer and maintaining a healthy weight. The paper also focuses on the components and their effects in plant-based food and animal-based foods such as plant protein, animal protein, prebiotics, probiotics, and dietary iron such as heme as well as mentioning the effect of shifting diets. In the future, research can look for more evidence of people who change diets, such as changing from omnivorous to vegetarian, because nowadays more people change diets based due to recognition of the bad effect of western diets. However, those who switch diets may suffer from eating disorders so future research could look into this effect. Overall, this paper gives basic knowledge about the effect of different diets on human gut health and human health.
Memory studies of chunking and decay of memory
Authors: Feng Haozhe
Published: March 2023

Memory is the basis of learning and work for humans, and is generally divided into short-term memory, working memory and long-term memory. The current study demonstrates the physiological basis of neuronal memory formation and processing. However, neuron theory cannot explain all human memory phenomena. There is also a lot of controversy about the relevant assumptions. Memory is an important aspect of human brain biology, and many researchers have spent their entire lives studying the components of memory. Over the past few years, a number of articles have appeared on memory that is critical to anyone learning memory and should be of interest. Memory, as an important aspect of human life to work and learn in this world, is receiving increasing attention, focusing on its function and utilization. The authors review the literature on memory decay and chunking techniques through targeted articles on many aspects of human memory. In recent developments, the author will talk about chunking, learning and synaptic plasticity.
Deep Learning in the Inflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zhang Bohan
Published: March 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) refers to the most prevalent neurological disease, which is caused by amyloid plaque deposition and tau tangles accumulation. Several recent clinical investigations have suggested that many immune system components may play essential roles in AD pathogenesis. Both adaptive and innate immune system shows a bi-directional regulation to AD and the over-activated immune system could lead to neurons’ inflammation. In this article, the critical role of microglia in the non-specific immune system and T lymphocytes in specific immune system are mainly focused. Microglia and T cells both play important roles in regulating the cytokines and multiple signaling pathways which are associated with memory loss. Other immune cells including B lymphocytes and neutrophils are possibly associated with the pathology of AD, although their roles still need to be studied. Here, research showing the link among dysfunctional immune cells and AD pathophysiology are reviewed in this project. In addition, the potential treatment and therapeutics target for AD are also discussed.
Deep Learning to Detect the Function of Calmodulin in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Dong Lucy
Published: March 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is marked by losses in cognitive functions. Hallmarks of AD, amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, are intercellular structures that are highly associated with AD. The accumulations of these molecules could be seen as results of other events in prior stages of AD. The calcium hypothesis was first proposed to explain the forming of these hallmarks while the calmodulin (CaM) hypothesis was proposed to provide more improved insight later. The CaM hypothesis states that the uncontrolled flux of calcium ions in the neurons is the cause of neurodegeneration. In addition, the critical role of CaM and CaM-binding proteins (CaMBPs) are identified in the hypothesis. In this project, the regulating role of CaM and CaM-related protein in AD are discussed, including CaMBPs, critical receptors and risk factors. Besides, the potential therapeutic target related to CaM are also mentioned to provide a promise direction of treatment for AD.
Comparative analysis of diabetes prevalence in China and Japan
Authors: Guo Chunxuan , Liu Yuqi
Published: March 2023

The prevalence and mortality rate of diabetes shows an increasing trend globally, especially in Asia regions. From 1980 to 2014, the global prevalence rate increased from 4.7% to 8.5%, while the figure for South-East Asia Region surged from 4.1% to 8.6% in the same period, which ranked the second-high rate globally. As the neighboring countries, China and Japan share many similarities. The researchers found that although there are many differences in the prevalence of diabetes between the two countries, the overall prevalence is both in a high level. Therefore, we’ll collect the data about the regional differences between China and Japan, to compare and analyze the results reasons and solutions of two region’s differences. The prevalence rate and the mortality rate are different in different gender and ages in both countries. Normally males got the greater chances to get diabetes, while females are more likely to die in this disease. As the reacerch shows that the diabetes caused by three main factors, they are smoking, high body mass index and low physical activity respectively. And the high body mass is the dominant cause. As the latest research, the scientist found some new ways to help the diabetes patients. We might could use several solutions to them in later years.
Causes, Diagnose and Treatment of Osteoporosis
Authors: Liu Shili , Ge Lingshuai , Hong Yu’an
Published: March 2023

Osteoporosis is a chronic degenerative bone disease that seriously affects human health. This study analyzes the causes of osteoporosis in detail, expounds the common diagnostic methods, and proposes some corresponding treatment programs. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry has high accuracy, image quality improvement, fast speed, rich clinical applications, and is suitable for scientific research. Quantitative Computed tomography measures true volumetric bone mineral density using initial CT data. This method is not affected by obesity, hyperosteoplasia, vascular calcification and vertebral size. Osteoporosis has the primary and secondary causes, primary osteoporosis covers the osteoporosis when women go through menopause (Type I), and osteoporosis of senile (Type II), and secondary osteoporosis refers to osteoporosis caused by certain medical conditions or medications. Exercise can help patients treat osteoporosis, and drugs could help prevent falls help prevent fractures. However, the treatment effect of most osteoporosis patients is not satisfactory. To treat osteoporosis, only one drug "single-handedly" has limited efficacy, and to effectively combat osteoporosis, it is necessary to emphasize "multi-service combat".
A Review of Present Measures of Covid-19 Diagnosis and Crispr Base Diagnosis as Future Direction
Authors: Chen Jirui
Published: March 2023

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 seems to come to an end, some societies have already prepared to coexist with COVID and some are still pursuing zero COVID. qRT-PCR as a gold standard played the main role in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 with a complement of antigen tests but the high cost of machines, time-consuming and false results due to inappropriate sample collecting questioning the gold standard. Novel CRISPR technology provides alternatives to the present diagnosis, measures such as CREST, SHERLOCK and one-step version-STOPCovid can be vital to the reopening and efficient running od society in the post-pandemic era.
Checkpoint Inhibitors: Limitations and Potential Strategies
Authors: Fan Mingye
Published: March 2023

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as monoclonal antibodies, function when combining with three major types of immune checkpoints which include cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed death 1 (PD-1) and PD1 ligand (PD-L1). In the progress, ICIs prevent these checkpoints from releasing anti-autoimmune signaling, which results in an antitumor immune response, thus in certain cases producing prolonged and profound benefits. Till now, ICI therapy has revolutionized the treatment of various malignancies. For instance, hepatoma, lymphoma, melanoma and so on, with the most severe effects observed in metastatic melanoma, a kind of cancer, which seldom responds to traditional treatments and has a historically low average survival time of under a year [1]. However, the toxicity of ICI and the resistance patients have to it restrict the number of patients achieving effective responses. This review systematically summarizes the limitations and the current potential strategies for a safe and effective anticancer immune response following ICI therapy.
Limitations and Overcomes of CAR-NK for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Xue Ye
Published: March 2023

Adoptive cell treatment utilising chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immunotherapy is gaining remarkable breakthroughs. In solid tumours, CAR immunotherapy lags far behind. CAR T cell production, does not have tumor-specific antigens, and is not effective in CAR T cell infiltration and trafficking into tumour sites, therapy-associated toxicity, immunosuppressive TME, and antigen escape are among the primary obstacles for CAR immunotherapy in solid tumours. Compared to CAR T cells, CAR NK cells have a number of benefits, including the ability to be processed from preexisting cell lines with mismatched MHC, the ability to kill bad cells via CAR-independent and CAR-dependent pathway with less toxicity. One clinical study demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of CAR NK cell treatment. However, CAR NK cell therapy also has its drawbacks, including, low persistence, lack of transporting pathway, immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, and low lentivirus transduction efficiency. Solving these issues are significantly important for this technology to be accepted in future use.