bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Κακὸν κακῶς σε in Demosthenes, De corona 267
Authors: Vatri Alessandro
Published: July 2022

The words κακὸν κακῶς σε at D. 18.267 are printed in quotation marks in many modern editions of the speech. This sequence scans as the beginning of an iambic trimeter and is connected by καί with two quotations from tragedy. This article questions the idea that the sequence should be interpreted as the start of an interrupted quotation by showing that (1) these words are part of a standard, vernacular Greek curse formula, (2) initial καί may be interpreted as a discourse-level connector rather than as a syntactic coordinator, and (3) word order in the curse may be accounted for without invoking metrical effects. In particular, it is suggested that Demosthenes’ wording of the curse should be interpreted as a parody of the plea to the judges at Aeschin. 2.180.
Lived Catholicism: A Roundtable Discussion
Authors: Baigent Avril , Pound Marcus , Bruce Tricia , Bullivant Stephen , Harris Alana , Orsi Robert
Published: July 2022

The study of Lived Catholicism seeks to step away from the normative forces of institutional expectations to explore Catholicism as it is found in the practices of daily life. It draws on the foundations of lived religion in recognising the importance of improvisation, negotiation, resistance and subversion in everyday religiosity. It foregrounds the voices and experiences of ordinary people to explore the places of Catholicism in their lives. However, if this emerging term is to find its place in the academy, it must stand up to rigorous critique from across the disciplines. Here specialists from the fields of sociology, anthropology, history and theology discuss the potential of Lived Catholicism to generate new categories of thinking in the study of Catholicism.
Effect of drought stress on the formation and lignification of eucalyptus wood cells
Authors: Moulin Jordão Cabral , de Souza Ribeiro Daniel , Vidaurre Graziela Baptista , Braga Mulin Lucas , Moreira Silvino Intra
Published: July 2022

Environmental adaptation and cell differentiation processes are factors that influence the anatomical elements of wood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of water deficit on lignin composition in anatomical elements and on the characteristics of vessel-neighboring cells. Six-year-old clones of Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus camaldulensis from wet and dry regions were used. All regions received a rainfall exclusion treatment. Cell wall width, cell wall thickness, and form factor of fibers close to and far from vessels were measured. In the same cells, lignin was measured in the middle lamella and vessels by a fluorescence technique. The vessel differentiation process affected cell wall thickness and lignin composition in neighboring cells. Lignin composition was increased in vessels compared to fibers or vasicentric tracheids. Middle lamella lignin was not affected by vessel differentiation or water deficit in either eucalyptus clone. E. grandis × E. camaldulensis is originally from a dry climate region and, therefore, did not suffer alterations in lignin when subjected to water stress conditions; however, this clone exhibited a higher number of vasicentric tracheids. E. urophylla is originally from a humid climate region and, when subjected to water deficit, showed increased wood lignin composition, which seems to be a strategy for better use of water resources. Alterations in lignin composition of vessel, vasicentric tracheid, and fiber cell walls resulting from exposure to water deficit conditions vary according to eucalyptus species.
The Politics of Video on Demand Platforms in Iran: In Between Formal and Informal Distribution
Authors: Salamati Mahsa
Published: July 2022

A study of the global flow of US-based SVODs, and their absence or presence within domestic media ecosystems, allows us to move beyond universalist approaches in platform studies. Starting with an analysis of the politics of Netflix’s absence from Iran’s media landscape, this article studies the contribution of domestic SVODs to the diversification of the Iranian movie culture. It argues that filtering Netflix in Iran is part of a long history of content regulation and the state’s plan to support local platforms. The dynamic informal circulation networks in Iran also pose challenges for foreign SVODs.

Focusing on domestic platforms like Filimo, the article argues that they became part of a national project to battle piracy domestically. Iran’s laws as a non-signatory of international treaties on intellectual property, however, allow them to acquire foreign films through informal markets, situating these platforms in an ambiguous state in between formal and informal services.
A Utilitarian Account of Article 3 echr
Authors: Letwin Jeremy
Published: July 2022

The greatest impediment to the acceptance of a utilitarian theory of human rights is the perceived inability of utilitarianism to deal with absolute rights, such as those contained in Article 3 European Convention on Human Rights. In this paper, I argue that a sophisticated form of indirect utilitarianism can in fact provide a solid foundation for Article 3 absolute rights. I develop an account of the moral rights underlying Article 3 and apply that account to some key elements of the European Court of Human Rights’ (ECtHR) Article 3 jurisprudence. I show how the indirect utilitarian account can explain: (1) the ECtHR’s conclusion that the Gäfgencase did not involve a conflict of Convention rights; (2) the ECtHR’s answer to the question ‘what counts as torture?’; and (3) the ECtHR’s jurisprudence on the difference between the scope of the obligation to prevent torture and the scope of the obligation to prevent inhuman and degrading treatment.
Newly recorded ant-parasitizing genus (Diptera, Phoridae) from China, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: LIU GUANG-CHUN
Published: July 2022

The ant-parasitizing genus Microselia Schmitz, 1934 is reported for the first time from China. Two new species, M. longarista sp. nov., M. yanjingensis sp. nov. are described and illustrated.
Intertidal sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from the west coast of the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico
Authors: VASSALLO-AVALOS AURORA , GONZÁLEZ-MUÑOZ RICARDO , ACUÑA FABIÁN H. , CERVANTES-RAMÍREZ ITZEL ITTAÍ , RIVAS GERARDO
Published: July 2022

Nine species of sea anemones are documented from the west coast of the Peninsula of Baja California. Short descriptions of Anthopleura artemisia (Pickering in Dana, 1846), A elegantissima (Brandt, 1835), A. sola Pearse & Francis, 2000 and Epiactis prolifera Verrill, 1869 are provided, including images of the external and internal anatomy, as well as cnidae. In addition, an updated list of the sea anemone species recorded in Mexico, including both the Pacific and Atlantic regions, is provided. The northern species A. artemisia and E. prolifera are recorded for the first time in Mexico. With these new records, the number of sea anemone species known in the Mexican Pacific increases to 35, and to 57 for the entire country.
On a few benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Kerguelen Islands (southern Indian Ocean), including the description of a new species
Authors: CANTERO ÁLVARO L. PEÑA
Published: July 2022

A few samples of benthic hydroids from the remote Kerguelen Islands have been studied. The material was collected within the French research program ProteKer in 2013 and 2014. Six species were found in the material, four anthoathecates and two leptothecates; two of the species were identified only to genus level. All species, including Candelabrum bitentaculatum sp. nov., are described and discussed.
A new species of Gomphoides Selys, 1854 (Odonata: Gomphidae) from the Environmental Protection Area of the Uberaba River, Brazil
Authors: DATTO-LIBERATO FELIPE H. , GUILLERMO-FERREIRA RHAINER
Published: July 2022

A new species of the Neotropical dragonfly genus Gomphoides Selys, 1854 (Odonata: Gomphidae) is erected from the Cerrado of central Brazil, distinguished by epiproct morphology, body coloration and wing venation. Gomphoides davi Datto-Liberato & Guillermo-Ferreira sp. nov. resembles G. perdita (Förster, 1914), but is distinguished from it by the S10 black, while it is yellow in G. perdita; four cells in the subtriangle of Fw while there are three cells in G. perdita and epiproct shorter than half of the length of cerci while epiproct is more than half the length of the cerci in G. perdita. We also provide additional information for other Gomphoides species. The discovery of a new species in the Environmental Protection Area of the Uberaba River, Minas Gerais, raises concern for the conservation of the biodiversity of the area, mainly because of recent threats due to cattle herding and agriculture.
Application Value of CT Perfusion Imaging in Patients with Posterior Circulation Hyperacute Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Fu Le-Jun , Zhao Bi-Bo , Yang Tian-Hao , Yu Chun-Shui
Published: July 2022

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the application value of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging in patients with posterior circulation cerebral infarction in the hyperacute phase. Methods: The changes in CTP parameters, such as time to peak (TTP), mean transfer
time (MTT), cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the cerebral blood volume (CBV) of ischemic region, as well as the ischemic penumbra, infarction core at the affected side and normal brain tissue at the uninjured side, of 168 patients with suspected posterior circulation acute ischemic stroke were
analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of each parameter map of CTP in displaying the cerebral infarction size in each part of the posterior circulation were evaluated. Results: The CTP results revealed that CBF and
CBV in the infarction area significantly decreased, and MTT and TTP in the blood supply area of cerebellum, thalamus and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) were significantly delayed. These were statistically different from those in the surrounding penumbra and normal brain tissue (P <
0.05). Furthermore, the CBF of the penumbra in each part slightly decreased, and the delay of MTT and TTP was statistically different from that in normal brains (P < 0.05). The CBV of the penumbra in the pons, midbrain and thalamus decreased, which was statistically different from
that in normal brain tissue and simple cerebral ischemia tissue (P < 0.05). The changes in CBF and MTT of the simple cerebral ischemia in each part, and TTP, except for the cerebellum, were statistically different from those of cerebral infarction and normal brain tissue (P
< 0.05). The total sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the posterior circulation cerebral infarction was 77.2%, 98.6% and 94.9%, respectively, according to the CTP evaluation. Conclusion: The CTP parameter map can reflect the difference between an ischemic penumbra and an infraction
core in the posterior circulation. It has high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the CTP evaluation of posterior circulation cerebral infarctions.
An Efficient Approach to Detect Meningioma Brain Tumor Using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System Method
Authors: Prakash B. V. , Rajiv Kannan A.
Published: July 2022

Detection of tumors in brain on time saves the patient life. The brain tumor detection is usually done in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the human brain. An automated model is framed to identify tumor pixels in method for detecting and image. This proposed method contains the following
modules as enhancement, transformation, feature extraction, classifications and segmentation. The Oriented Local Histogram Equalization (OLHE) method is applied on the brain MRI images in order to enhance the pixel intensity in boundary regions. This enhanced brain image is transformed to
multi orientation image using Gabor transform with respect to various scale and orientation of pixels. Then, set of features (Higher Order Spectra (HOS), Gradient, Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Curvelet) are extracted from this Gabor transformed image
and these features are further trained and classified into benign or malignant using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference (ANFIS) classification approach. Finally, morphological algorithm is used for segmenting the tumor regions in the classified responses. MATLAB R2018 version is used in this paper
to simulate the proposed algorithm for brain tumor detection. This proposed system achieves 98.6% of sensitivity, 99.5% of specificity and 99.4% of segmentation accuracy.
A New Type I Half-Logistic Inverse Weibull Distribution with an Application to the Relief Times Data of Patients Receiving an Analgesic
Authors: Elhassanein Ahmed
Published: July 2022

This article presents a new extension of the type I half-logistic inverse Weibull distribution. It is used as a base line to construct a new bivariate model that is called bivariate extended type I half-logistic inverse Weibull model. Statistical properties of the proposed distributions
are derived in explicit forms. Maximum likelihood estimators are discussed. Simulation is employed to discuss theoretical properties, to investigate the performance of the new models and to elaborate the goodness of fit. The new models are applied to real data sets.
Tornado Radar Images and Path Directions: An Assessment of Public Knowledge in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Senkbeil Jason C. , Sherman-Morris Kathleen , Skeeter Walker , Vaughn Cole
Published: July 2022

Due to the current use and reliance on tornado warning polygons, several published articles have concentrated on themes related to risk perception and interpretation of risk within and outside of polygons. Despite the general success of warning polygons, not everybody is able to spatially estimate their risk by looking at maps with tornado warning polygons. Using polygons in conjunction with radar images can improve comprehension and better inform protective action decision-making for tornado warnings. Additionally, a potential latent area of research is how past tornado tracks and climatological knowledge about tornado path directions may influence tornado risk perception and protective action decision-making. In this study, we surveyed 1,023 individuals across the southeastern United States. Participants were asked to rate their level of concern for a tornadic supercell moving toward two locations. They were also asked to name the direction tornadoes usually come from and travel toward in their counties. Results indicated significantly more concern about the radar reflectivity within the supercell than concern about the location of the hook echo. Additionally, the perceived directions of tornado paths across the region were inaccurate with 75% of the sample either not answering, indicating that they did not know the most common direction for tornado paths, or answering that tornadoes travel in uncommon or unrealistic path directions. The Atlanta metropolitan area was used as a case study to illustrate inaccurate perceptions of path directions.
Assessment of Retrieved GMI Emissivity over Land, Snow, and Sea Ice in the GEOS System
Authors: Karpowicz Bryan Mills , Zhu Yanqiu , Munchak Stephen Joseph , McCarty Will
Published: July 2022

Directly assimilating microwave radiances over land, snow, and sea ice remains a significant challenge for data assimilation systems. These data assimilation systems are critical to the success of global numerical weather prediction systems including the Global Earth Observing System–Atmospheric Data Assimilation System (GEOS-ADAS). Extending more surface sensitive microwave channels over land, snow, and ice could provide a needed source of data for numerical weather prediction particularly in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Unfortunately, the accuracy of emissivity models currently available within the GEOS-ADAS along with other data assimilation systems are insufficient to simulate and assimilate radiances. Recently, Munchak et al. published a 5-yr climatological database for retrieved microwave emissivity from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) aboard the GPM mission. In this work the database is utilized by modifying the GEOS-ADAS to use this emissivity database in place of the default emissivity value available in the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM), which is the fast radiative transfer model used by the GEOS-ADAS. As a first step, the GEOS-ADAS is run in a so-called stand-alone mode to simulate radiances from GMI using the default CRTM emissivity, and replacing the default CRTM emissivity models with values from Munchak et al. The simulated GMI observations using Munchak et al. agree more closely with observations from GMI. These results are presented along with a discussion of the implication for GMI observations within the GEOS-ADAS.
Microphysical Perturbation Experiments and Ensemble Forecasts on Summertime Heavy Rainfall over Northern Taiwan
Authors: Chen Jen-Ping , Tsai Tzu-Chin , Tzeng Min-Duan , Liao Chi-Shuin , Kuo Hung-Chi , Hong Jing-Shan
Published: July 2022

Microphysical perturbation experiments were conducted to investigate the sensitivity of convective heavy rain simulation to cloud microphysical parameterization and its feasibility for ensemble forecasts. An ensemble of 20 perturbation members differing in either the microphysics package or process treatments within a single scheme was applied to simulate 10 summer-afternoon heavy-rain convection cases. The simulations revealed substantial disagreements in the location and amplitude of peak rainfall among the microphysics-package and single-scheme members, with an overall spread of 57%–161%, 66%–161%, and 65%–149% of the observed average rainfall, maximum rainfall, and maximum intensity, respectively. The single-scheme members revealed that the simulation of heavy convective precipitation is quite sensitive to factors including ice-particle fall speed parameterization, aerosol type, ice particle shape, and size distribution representation. The microphysical ensemble can derive reasonable probability of occurrence for a location-specific heavy-rain forecast. Spatial-forecast performance indices up to 0.6 were attained by applying an optimal fuzzy radius of about 8 km for the warning-area coverage. The forecasts tend to be more successful for more organized convection. Spectral mapping methods were further applied to provide ensemble forecasts for the 10 heavy rainfall cases. For most cases, realistic spatial patterns were derived with spatial correlation up to 0.8. The quantitative performance in average rainfall, maximum rainfall, and maximum intensity from the ensembles reached correlations of 0.83, 0.84, and 0.51, respectively, with the observed values.

Significance Statement

Heavy rainfall from summer convections is stochastic in terms of intensity and location; therefore, an accurate deterministic forecast is often challenging. We designed perturbation experiments to explore weather forecasting models’ sensitivity to cloud microphysical parameterizations and the feasibility of application to ensemble forecast. Promising results were obtained from simulations of 10 real cases. The cloud microphysical ensemble approach may provide reasonable forecasts of heavy rainfall probability and convincing rainfall spatial distribution, particularly for more organized convection.
Dose-Response Association of Low and Normal Ankle Brachial Index With the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Zhang Jinli , Sun Haohang , Yang Xingjin , Feng Yifei , Li Yang , Han Minghui , Qie Ranran , Huang Shengbing , Yuan Lijun , Li Tianze , Hu Huifang , Li Xi , Liu Dechen , Wu Xiaoyan , Zhang Yanyan , Wu Yuying , Hu Fulan , Zhang Ming , Sun Liang , Zhao Yang , Hu Dongsheng
Published: July 2022

We quantitatively evaluated the dose-response association of low and normal ankle brachial index (ABI) with the risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched for cohort studies. Random effects or fixed effects models were used to estimate the pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Generalized least squares regression was used to assess study-specific dose-response associations per 0.1 ABI decrease. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate linear or nonlinear trends. Twelve cohort studies (57 031 participants) were included in this meta-analysis. For low vs normal ABI levels, the pooled RRs were 2.03 (95% CI, 1.72–2.41; I 2 = 52.9%; pheterogeneity=0.030) and 2.29 (95% CI, 1.98–2.64; I 2 = 39.5%; pheterogeneity =0.158) for CVD morbidity and CVD mortality, respectively. For per 0.1 ABI decrease from 1.40 the risk for CVD morbidity and CVD mortality increased by 8% (1.08, 95% CI 1.04–1.11) and 11% (1.11, 95% CI 1.07–1.15), respectively. Restricted cubic splines showed inverse linear associations for CVD morbidity and CVD mortality. As a non-invasive index, lower ABI was significantly associated with the increased risk of morbidity and mortality from CVDs in an inverse linear manner.
Tailored Approach for Persistent Olfactory Dysfunction After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sousa Francisco Alves de , Machado André Sousa , da Costa Joana Carvalho , Silva Ana Costa , Pinto Ana Nóbrega , Coutinho Miguel Bebiano , Meireles Luís , Sousa Cecília Almeida e
Published: July 2022

Objective:

So far, no original studies explored non-randomized, standardized protocols for COVID-19 associated olfactory dysfunction. The main objective was to determine the efficacy of a new protocol for post-COVID olfactopathy while assessing the benefit of adding adjuvant therapies to olfactory training.

Methods:

Patients suffering from long-lasting post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction were evaluated. A non-randomized protocol based on individual nasal endoscopy findings and patient’s preferences was applied. Patients were assigned for olfactory training alone or olfactory training + adjuvant therapy. Participants performed olfactory objective and subjective evaluations at first consultation and 3 months after treatment, and results were compared.

Results:

A total of 47 patients were enrolled. All groups showed significant improvement in olfactory thresholds at 3-month follow-up suggesting protocol effectiveness (olfactory training group alone showed a mean threshold difference of 2.9, P < .001; Olfactory training + Topical Corticosteroid showed a mean threshold difference of 4, P = .006; Olfactory training + Topical Corticosteroid + Vitamin B complex showed a mean threshold difference of 4.4, P = .006; Olfactory training + Intranasal Vitamin A and E showed a mean threshold difference of 4.4, P < .001). Olfactory training alone showed lower mean olfactory threshold improvement, when compared to patients undergoing olfactory training + adjuvant therapy (olfactory training alone mean improvement 2.9 ± 2.3 vs olfactory training + adjuvants mean improvement 4.3 ± 2.458, P = .03).

Conclusions:

This is one of the first studies to demonstrate results in the treatment of post-COVID-19 persistent olfactory impairment. A customized approach based on endoscopy findings and patient’s preferences may be a valid option for the management of persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory disorder. Adjuvant therapy could be considered in addition to olfactory training, but further studies are needed in order to confirm their effectiveness in this setting.

Level of evidence:

2c (outcomes research).
Lifting as You Climb: Social Capital Development Through Aspirational Peer Mentoring
Authors: Cavendish Wendy , Perez Deborah , Ocasio-Stoutenburg Lydia
Published: July 2022

This qualitative study examined the perspectives of Black and Latino high school and undergraduate students involved in an aspirational peer mentoring program for college access. Our findings identified five central themes that contributed to the development of social capital for participants: program expectations and experiences, sustaining relationships, near-peer network support, connecting through symbiotic roles, and keeping the legacy going. Findings contribute to an understanding of the relationship among factors that facilitate social network development.
Reduced order multiscale model for compression kink-band failure in composites
Authors: Faupel Alex , Meshi Ido , Oskay Caglar
Published: July 2022

A multiscale model for compression kink band failure in fibrous composites is presented. The computational model predicts the progression of damage associated with the formation of kink bands, which experiments demonstrate to involve excessive shear straining of the matrix material and fiber fracture. The uniqueness of the study is establishing the concurrent treatment of nonlinear deformation and failure of the composite constituents at the scale of the material microstructure, and the formation of kink bands at the mesoscopic scale. The model incorporates computational homogenization of the material response, a nonlocal gradient regularization scheme, and a curvature-based criterion for macroscopic fiber break to predict kink band formation. The multiscale approach resolves mesoscale mechanisms associated with kink banding while offering computational benefits compared to direct mesomechanical approaches. An accessible implementation within finite element analysis software is presented and the model is verified with analysis of a mesoscale domain incorporating initial fiber waviness. In quasi-static simulations, the kink band initiates due to matrix softening that results in the onset of buckling and is completely formed when fibers break as a result of localized curvature. Results from parametric studies confirm that compression strength is not directly related to measures of the kink band morphology, but it is strongly correlated with the shear strength and initial fiber misalignment angle. The predicted effects of material properties representing various carbon fiber reinforced polymers and a range of fiber misalignment angles on kink band width and failure strength corroborate analytical and experimental results presented in the literature.
International Third Parties and the Implementation of Comprehensive Peace Agreements After Civil War
Authors: Karreth Johannes , Quinn Jason , Joshi Madhav , Tir Jaroslav
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) are the most impactful negotiated settlements ending civil wars, but their implementation varies across post-conflict countries and over time. To explain varying implementation, this study identifies central challenges in CPA implementation and suggests that international third parties are uniquely positioned to overcome them. (1) IGOs with high economic leverage, and (2) prior foreign aid both set incentives that reduce domestic barriers to implementation. Quantitative evidence on the implementation of CPAs from 1989-2015 supports this argument. Both post-conflict countries’ participation in IGOs with high economic leverage and higher volumes of prior foreign aid are associated with higher rates of CPA implementation. Multiple estimation approaches, including instrumental variables, support this finding. Case evidence from the 2007 CPA in Ivory Coast tracks the processes by which IGOs and donors help overcome stakeholder resistance and facilitate implementation. This finding encourages more concerted efforts by policymakers to advance CPA implementation.
Anger and support for retribution in Mexico’s drug war
Authors: García-Ponce Omar , Young Lauren E , Zeitzoff Thomas
Published: July 2022

How does exposure to criminal violence shape attitudes towards justice and the rule of law? Citizens care about crime prevention and procedural legality, yet they also value punishing perpetrators for the harm they have done. We argue that anger induced by exposure to criminal violence increases the demand for retribution and harsh punishments, even at the expense of the rule of law. We test this theory using one observational and two experimental studies from an original survey of 1,200 individuals in Western Mexico, a region affected by organized criminal violence and vigilantism. First, we first show that exposure to violence is correlated with increased anger and support for punitive justice, including vigilante actions. Second, across our two experiments, we show that citizens are more supportive of harsh punishments and place less value on their legality in response to morally outrageous crimes. Third, we find that the innocence of the victim, rather than the severity of the crime, is what triggers outrage and punitiveness. This suggests that citizens may support extreme levels of violence as long as they perceive that its targets are criminals. Finally, we show that outrageous forms of violence against civilians can lead individuals to prioritize harsh punishment regardless of its legality. When criminal actors target perceived innocents with common crimes like extortion, there is greater support for harsh, vigilante action. These patterns provide a bottom-up explanation for harsh justice.
Does Placement Predict Performance? Associations Between Student Teaching Environments and Candidates’ Performance Assessment Scores
Authors: Bastian Kevin C. , Lys Diana B. , Whisenant Waverly R. L.
Published: July 2022

In the present study, we examine whether characteristics of student teaching sites and cooperating teachers predict teacher candidates’ edTPA scores. Using data from North Carolina, we find that candidates earn higher edTPA scores if they student-taught in a high value-added school and with a cooperating teacher earning higher evaluation ratings. Evidence also suggests that candidates earn higher scores when they are mentored by a cooperating teacher who is more familiar with performance assessments. Finally, we find that the relationships between student teaching environments and edTPA scores vary by characteristics of the candidate. This study reinforces prior work on the importance of learning environments to teacher development and the importance of preparation programs securing placements in high-quality learning environments. Our results may also have implications for the use of performance assessments by states and preparation programs.
The Perceptions and Experiences of Nontraditional Students in Teacher Licensure Programs
Authors: Andzik Natalie R , Baker Stephanie N. , Koehler Kristen
Published: July 2022

Nontraditional students seeking a teaching license are tasked with managing coursework and other responsibilities associated with teacher preparation programs; however, they are also likely navigating family dynamics, financial struggles, and other obligations that traditional undergraduate students do not face. We interviewed 19 preservice teacher candidates and report on their experiences when selecting their university of choice, the barriers they faced, and the supports they received. Participants reported coming to their university because of cost, location, and reputation. They reported common barriers such as inability to work, caring for children, and lack of support or access to other resources. However, participants reported professors and external funding as the major factors that had helped them succeed. Implications about this diverse group of students are discussed.
Individual Differences in Categorical Judgment of L2 Stops: A Link to Proficiency and Acoustic Cue-Weighting
Authors: Kong Eun Jong , Kang Soyoung
Published: July 2022

This study investigated individual differences in Korean adult learners’ categorical perception of L2 English stops with an aim to explore the relationship of gradient categorizations to perceptual sensitivity to acoustic cues and L2 proficiency. Korean young adult L2 learners of English ( N = 49) participated in two speech perception tasks (visual analog scaling and forced-choice identification) in which they listened to English voiced and voiceless stops and Korean lax and aspirated stops with Voice Onset Time (VOT) and F0 manipulated to form a continuum. It was found that in both L1 and L2 stop perception, listeners’ gradient category judgment was associated with greater reliance on language-specific redundant cues (i.e., F0 in L2 English and VOT in L1 Korean) and that in the perception of L2 stops, categorical listeners who tended to be less sensitive to F0 were the ones with a higher level of L2 English proficiency. The results suggest that the categorical manner of judging L2 stops reflects learners’ better knowledge of L2-specific acoustic cue-weightings, based on which less relevant acoustic information is effectively suppressed.
Redefining Morally Conscious Decision-Making for the Public Sector: A Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Brandt Emily , Rodriguez Alejandro , Nwakpuda Emily , Bezboruah Karabi
Published: July 2022

This paper proposes a conceptual definition of morally conscious decision-making as “cognizant processing of an actor’s core values setting aside self-interest when presented with a dilemma.” Using moral phenomenology, Deweyan pragmatism, and piecing together previous works on decision-making, we develop a definitional framework that makes a case for specified and refined scopes of our understanding of morality and ethics in public administration. We then decompartmentalize this framework to demonstrate the validity, benefits, purpose, and consequences of decision-making that is morally conscious. We propose critical thinking and situational awareness as required skills for the application of the proposed framework. Ultimately, morally conscious decision-making is a way for public administration to better activate a response to growing demands for increased accountability and just leadership.
What ‘diversity’ means depends on your perspective: A commentary on Kidd and Garcia (2022)
Authors: Foushee Ruthe , Casillas Marisa
Published: July 2022

Having recognized the need for diversity spotlighted by Kidd and Garcia – but given that sampling all the world’s languages is infeasible – we focus on which dimensions of variability researchers should prioritize. We consider three major approaches to the study of child language learning, namely, language as a (1) cognitive puzzle, (2) clinical/educational object, and (3) window onto socialization. We discuss how what is important about ‘diversity’ from each of these perspectives dictates the sociolinguistic communities from which researchers should sample.
Tapia’s Syndrome After Cardiac Surgery: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Steehler Andrew J. , Rothman Ryan , Sadhar Birkaran , Saran Manick , Lipman Sidney P. , Lipman Ruthann I.
Published: July 2022

Tapia’s syndrome is considered a neuropraxic injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and hypoglossal nerve which commonly presents after postoperative general anesthesia as hoarseness and dysphagia. Clinicians should consider this diagnosis in those presenting with symptoms of cranial nerve X and cranial nerve XII injury in the post-extubation setting for prompt diagnosis and management. Here, we report a rare case of Tapia’s syndrome following cardiac surgery which was then treated with carboxymethylcellulose gel implant injection.
Co-Treatment with Steroid and Dupilumab for Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis after Eosinophilic Pneumonitis Caused by Dupilumab
Authors: Sudo Takato , Tsuda Takeshi , Hayama Masaki , Takeda Kazuya , Obata Sho , Nakatani Ayaka , Amano Yuta , Fujii Soichiro , Fukata Hiroko , Inohara Hidenori
Published: July 2022

Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is a Type 2 inflammatory disease that manifests as chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinus. IL-4/IL-13 receptor monoclonal antibodies (dupilumab) to suppress Type 2 inflammation have become a good treatment option for patients who are refractory to surgery. Most patients respond normally, although significant side effects such as eosinophilic pneumonia may occur, requiring discontinuation of dupilumab. Here, we present a case in which dupilumab administration caused a side-effect of eosinophilic pneumonia. A 65-year-old woman presented with nasal obstruction and olfactory dysfunction due to a nasal polyp. Her symptoms temporarily improved with dupilumab; however, dupilumab was discontinued due to eosinophilic pneumonia. Discontinuation of dupilumab resulted in the rapid resolution of eosinophilic pneumonia and reappearance of nasal polyps. We, therefore, resumed dupilumab treatment in combination with low-dose steroids; eosinophilic pneumonia did not flare up, and the nasal polyps shrank steadily. There is no established treatment strategy in cases where a side effect of eosinophilic pneumonia arises while treating ECRS with dupilumab. Based on the described case, we recommend that a combination of a low-dose steroids and dupilumab be considered as a treatment option to counter the side-effect of eosinophilic pneumonia induced by dupilumab alone.
Risk Factors for Free Flap Outcomes: A Retrospective Study of 318 Free Flaps for Head and Neck Defect Reconstruction
Authors: Qiao Qi-hui , Yin Shou-cheng , Shi Chao , Wang Shuai , Xu Qiang , Xu Zhong-fei , Feng Cui-juan
Published: July 2022

Objectives

This study was conducted to identify the risk factors for free flap outcomes in head and neck reconstruction.

Methods

A retrospective review of 318 free flaps were used for head and neck reconstructions in 317 patients over seven years. The patient characteristics, surgical data, and flap outcomes were recorded. The impact of risk factors related on the outcomes of free flaps were analyzed using single and multivariate analysis.

Results

For single factor analysis, 295 free flaps for the first reconstruction were included. Hypertension and the type of recipient vein are associated with venous thrombosis ( P = .018, P = .047). Hypertension, type of free flap, recipient artery, and recipient vein were associated with the incidence of re-exploration ( P = .009, P = .011, P = .017, P = .021). Hypertension had an obvious effect on the flap survival ( P = .005). For multivariate analysis, hypertension (odds ratio = .166, 95% confidence interval: .043 – .636; P = .009) was a statistically significant risk factor for flap survival. For types of recipient artery and vein, selecting two venous anastomosis (one of IJVS and one of EJVS) had the minimum incidence of venous thrombosis (2.2%), and selecting facial artery, single vein (one of IJVS), and two veins (one of IJVS and one of EJVS) for anastomosis had lower incidence of re-exploration, which were 4.4%, 2.9%, and 6.0%, respectively ( P < .05).

Conclusions

Risk factors as hypertension, type of free flap, recipient artery and vein should be paid more attention in the free flaps for head and neck reconstructions. We believe proper measures will lead to better results in head and neck reconstruction.
Beyond Tracking: The Relationship of Opportunity to Learn and Diminished Math Outcomes for U.S. High School Students
Authors: Wronowski Meredith L. , Thornton Margaret , Razavi-Maleki Bita , Witcher Angelica W. , Duarte Bryan J.
Published: July 2022

Background/Context:

In this study, we draw on evolving definitions of opportunity to learn (OTL) to conceptualize mathematics OTL has having two main components: structural OTL, defined by gatekeeping access to specific mathematics courses through the process of tracking, and instructional OTL, defined by the learning experiences of students in their mathematics courses. We also conceptualize both of these aspects of OTL as occurring in the current educational milieu, where sociopolitical factors reward or punish specific school strategies.

Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study:

This study seeks to examine, using an OTL framework, the relationship between high school math teachers’ instructional practices, students’ course tracks in mathematics, students’ perceptions of mathematics, and students’ distal measures of academic attainment, including completion of advanced math coursework and completion of a high school diploma.

Research Design:

Using latent class analysis, this secondary data analysis analyzed the 2009 High School Longitudinal Study data from the National Center for Educational Statistics to examine mathematics instructional OTL based on math teachers’ objectives of emphasis and its relationship to structural OTL in the form of course tracking.

Findings/Results:

We identified “Enriched” and “Rote Knowledge and Skills” latent classes of math OTL. Teachers providing Enriched OTL emphasize the widest variety of objectives, including cognitively demanding problem-solving and logic objectives and practical applications of mathematics, while teachers providing Rote Knowledge OTL emphasize basic computation, algorithms, and computation skills. Black students, Hispanic students, and students living in poverty were more likely to be in math OTL classes focused primarily on basic concepts, algorithms, and computation, with little to no emphasis in more applied and cognitively demanding math course objectives, and they were less likely to be enrolled in advanced ninth-grade math courses. Students in Rote Knowledge OTL courses with little to no emphasis in applied and cognitively demanding math course objectives had lower mathematics identity and self-efficacy, and math achievement.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

This study adds to the literature suggesting that students in the United States experience an opportunity gap rather than an achievement gap, and that opportunity gaps are both structural and instructional. This study also adds to the literature suggesting student sorting systems are inherently unequal and must be addressed through policy, leadership, and cultural shifts in both schools and districts.
Natality and Development in Education: A Rapprochement Between Hannah Arendt and Gert Biesta?
Authors: O’Shea Andrew
Published: July 2022

Background/Context:

Recent accounts of learning from experience in education tend to impoverish development and temporal processes as constructive categories for thinking about freedom and action. Drawing on Jacques Rancière’s critique of development, Gert Biesta’s 2010 article, “How to Exist Politically and Learn from It: Hannah Arendt and the Problem of Democratic Education,” makes the case for a mode of democratic education that excludes the concept of development. In doing so, Biesta interprets Hannah Arendt’s work as both problematic and constructive for democratic education.

Purpose:

This article challenges Biesta’s reading of Arendt’s concept of natality and development by focusing on what she calls the “double aspect of the child.” It questions Biesta’s deconstruction of development and attempts to show that natality and development cannot be that easily separated, especially if we are to maintain Arendt’s radical account of freedom. The purpose of the research is to reclaim Arendt’s “temporal framing” of childhood and adulthood, and to argue that development, while not unproblematic in traditional psychological accounts, is in fact a necessary condition of her concept of natality—what she calls the essence of education.

Research Design:

The argument in this article is developed through a critical interpretation and discussion of the works of Gert Biesta and Hannah Arendt, with a specific focus on their ideas about action and new beginnings, and the role of development for an adequate understanding of natality in education.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

In making my case for a more radical reading of natality in education than Biesta offers, I present an alternative, with the aid of David Archard’s work, to the standard normative account of the developmental model that Biesta attributes to Arendt when he describes her account of the “child”–“adult” relation as “too psychological.” I then appeal to Arendt’s understanding of temporality in her essay “Between Past and Future,” in which she names the “gap” in time as the juncture where freedom can occur. I attempt to show that this gap mirrors our actual human birth and our reception into a language community, in such a way that suggests how freedom and action entail a kind of “unready readiness” that is not unique to newborns. However, unlike Biesta, who acknowledges as much with respect to our insertion into the human world, I maintain that this temporal gap in time is a constitutive feature of development and, as such, of natality. I conclude by arguing that development and becoming are important concepts that should not be left solely to the discipline of psychology if we are to reduce the likelihood of developmental ism in education.
The streaming industry and the great disruption: how winning a Golden Globe helps Amazon sell more shoes
Authors: Klatt Tyler
Published: July 2022

This paper assesses the media industry in the US by analyzing Big Tech’s entrance into film and television production and the rise of streaming distribution technology. Through a case study of Prime Video, Amazon’s prize streaming platform, this study explores how streaming technology has disrupted film and television from multiple perspectives, subjecting the industry to new logics of internet distribution, rooted in platforms, artificial intelligence, digital delivery systems, and big data. In the Big Tech worldview, disruption is an inherently progressive development. However, an analysis of Prime Video reveals how disruption is only the latest manifestation of conglomeration and convergence in the film and television industries. By uncovering the industry logics that govern the era of streaming, this paper analyzes the streaming industry of the present while taking into consideration the cable period in the past to account for the rapid technological development in the future.
SVIn2: A multi-sensor fusion-based underwater SLAM system
Authors: Rahman Sharmin , Quattrini Li Alberto , Rekleitis Ioannis
Published: July 2022

This paper presents SVIn2, a novel tightly-coupled keyframe-based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) system, which fuses Scanning Profiling Sonar, Visual, Inertial, and water-pressure information in a non-linear optimization framework for small and large scale challenging underwater environments. The developed real-time system features robust initialization, loop-closing, and relocalization capabilities, which make the system reliable in the presence of haze, blurriness, low light, and lighting variations, typically observed in underwater scenarios. Over the last decade, Visual-Inertial Odometry and SLAM systems have shown excellent performance for mobile robots in indoor and outdoor environments, but often fail underwater due to the inherent difficulties in such environments. Our approach combats the weaknesses of previous approaches by utilizing additional sensors and exploiting their complementary characteristics. In particular, we use (1) acoustic range information for improved reconstruction and localization, thanks to the reliable distance measurement; (2) depth information from water-pressure sensor for robust initialization, refining the scale, and assisting to limit the drift in the tightly-coupled integration. The developed software—made open source—has been successfully used to test and validate the proposed system in both benchmark datasets and numerous real world underwater scenarios, including datasets collected with a custom-made underwater sensor suite and an autonomous underwater vehicle Aqua2. SVIn2 demonstrated outstanding performance in terms of accuracy and robustness on those datasets and enabled other robotic tasks, for example, planning for underwater robots in presence of obstacles.