bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Silo Twice biopreservative on haylage quality
Authors: Zemskova N. E. , Kornilova V. A. , Meshcheryakov A. G. , Penkin P.V.
Published: September 2022

The complex biological starter (biopreservative) “Silo Twice” is related to microbiology in feed production, in particular to the technology for obtaining complex biopreservatives - preparations used for silage of feed. In the finished biopreservative fermented Silo Twice product, all nutrients of the starting material are preserved and the relative value of the feed has increased 17 units. Compared to the classic self-preservation of haylage, the introduction of Silo Twice biopreservative provides a decrease in protein losses of 2.0–2.2 times. Feeding milk cows with haylage obtained when applying Silo Twice biopreservative provides an increase in the milk yield by 8.0%, milk fat content by 0.4%. The use in the diet of dairy cows of haylage obtained with the introduction of the biopreservative Silo Twice contributed to a reduction in the cost of exchange energy and concentrates by 2.43% and 2.95%, respectively. The use in the diet of dairy cows of haylage obtained with the introduction of biopreservative Silo Twice led to the optimization of processes in the scar, an increase in the level of volatile fatty acids and bacteria, with a decrease in the amount of ammonia by 16.3%. This fact indicates an improvement in the digestibility and absorption of nitrogen in the scar of cows. Feeding milk cows for 60 days with haylage obtained when the Silo Twice biopreservative was introduced provided a savings of 2250 rubles per cow.
The influence of supplementary lighting sources on agro-biological performance in greenhouse-grown cucumbers
Authors: Terekhova V. I. , Bocharova M. A. , Yembaturova E. Yu.
Published: September 2022

The paper presents the research of the influence of supplementary lighting sources on growth and yielding capacity of cucumber hybrids. The experiment was carried out in 2020-2021 in commercial greenhouses. Two sources of supplementary lighting were studied (option 1 – high-pressure sodium arc reflector lamps (SRL) “super” (Reflux), option 2 – LED-lamps (Phillips) on two cucumber hybrids: F1 Meva and F1 Svyatogor. The present research revealed statistically significant influence of factor B (source of supplementary lighting) on the overall crop productivity. To obtain the maximal yield (Meva F1 – 20,86 kg/m

2

, Svyatogor F1 – 18,21 kg/m

2

), we recommend using LED-lamps as supplementary lighting sources.
The role played by the Umba fish hatchery in artificial reproduction and conservation of water biological resources in the Murmansk region
Authors: Semenikhina M. , Minchenok E. , Kovaleva T.
Published: September 2022

The article provides information on the need for artificial reproduction of water biological resources. It is shown that the conservation of biological diversity of fish, maintaining stocks of valuable fish species, preserving the natural habitat is impossible without effective measures in the field of artificial reproduction. A brief description of the activities of the Murmansk branch «Glavrybvod» is given. The greatest attention is paid to the oldest enterprise in the Murmansk region – the Umba fish hatchery. The historical information about the activity of this enterprise is given. An assessment of the current state of the Atlantic salmon stocks in the Umba River basin is given. The main problems of the fish-breeding enterprise are identified and analyzed: a high level of illegal fishing, the consequences of molten timber rafting and the influence of the activities of enterprises of the mining complex. Measures aimed at solving these problems are proposed. It has been proved that thanks to the fish breeders of the Umba fish hatchery, the stocks of the Atlantic salmon population of the Umba River are replenished. It is shown that a promising direction of the plant's activity is the cultivation of other valuable fish species (whitefish, pink salmon, brown trout), which will significantly contribute to the replenishment of valuable fish stocks in the water bodies of the Murmansk region. The role and importance of artificial reproduction and conservation of water biological resources will increase more and more as the anthropogenic impact on the environment intensifies. This type of activity will be the only way to preserve the commercial value of valuable species of fish and other biological resources, which makes artificial reproduction artificial reproduction one of the highest priorities in development of fishery system of the Russian Federation.
Assessment of vegetable and animal products in the Murmansk region within the implementation of the federal project “Public Health Promotion”
Authors: Uskova I. V. , Krivenko O. G. , Rogacheva I. N. , Poteshkina V. A. , Mishanina L. A.
Published: September 2022

Monitoring studies of the quality of food products of plant and animal origin, including vegetable oils, some confectionery products and dietary supplements were carried out in the Murmansk region as a part of the implementing the federal project “Public Health Promotion” of the National Project “Demography”. Within the framework of monitoring studies, data allowing to evaluate the quality of food products in circulation on the territory of the Murmansk region were obtained, the share of products, up to 12% of the volume of the studied range not meeting the established requirements in safety quality indicators is revealed. The highest percentage of food products that do not conform to the technical regulation requirements is defined in the category of animal products and made up 7.8% of the total amount the of studied samples, the second place (2.5%) is given to the products of plant origin, other products – 1.8% complete the list. Toxic elements, pesticides, antibiotics, preservatives, mycotoxins, nitrates, dry low-fat milk residue, genetically modified enzymes (microbial transglutaminase) and sanitary-indicative microorganisms were determined among the safety indicators. Products of animal origin like eggs, milk, yogurt, kefir, sour cream, cake cheese, cheeses, condensed milk, butter, bockwurst sausages, sausages, were not safe for the consumer as a result of violating the production technology, including storage conditions failure, the use of low-quality raw material, or product falsification. The assessment of apples, cucumber, tomato, sunflower and olive oil, cookies and dietary supplements samples showed unsatisfactory results in the residual content of pesticides, nitrates, toxic elements, antibiotics and peroxide.
Potential of corn hybrids of universal use
Authors: Mikhailova Marina Yurievna , Minikaev Rogat Vagizovic , Faskhutdinov Fannur Shaukatovich , Vafina Liliya Talgatovna
Published: September 2022

This article presents the results of studies of corn hybrids of a universal direction. Their responsiveness to the application of mineral fertilizers, incrustation of seeds with biological preparations, and foliar fertilizing with zinc-containing preparations is shown. NK background at 60 t/ha + foliar application of Zn ensures maximum grain yield and better disclosure of the grain potential of hybrids of universal use (61.3 c/ha for the Nur hybrid, 67.41 c/ha for the Bilyar-160, 77, 39 c/ha for the Voronezhsky-279 hybrid). Early ripe hybrids in the conditions of the Fore- Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan form stable grain yields due to lower pre-harvest moisture. Mid-early hybrids of universal use respond well to the application of mineral fertilizers and foliar feeding with zinc-containing preparations, providing high grain yields.
Influence of laser powder bed fusion processing parameters on corrosion behaviour of 316L stainless steel in nitric acid
Authors: Puga Beatriz , Lomello Fernando , Boussac Emeline , Chniouel Aziz , Fouchereau Alexis , Laghoutaris Pierre , Maskrot Hicham
Published: September 2022

The effect of process parameters on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel was reported. Immersion tests were performed in nitric acid solution at boiling temperature and the corrosion behaviour was correlated to microstructure of 316L stainless steel specimens produced by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) as a function of the process parameters such as scanning strategy, laser power and hatching distance. These parameters were found to influence the porosity, the grain size and the cellular microstructure. The corrosion tests revealed a higher impact of hatching distance on corrosion behaviour. Post-mortem microstructural examination revealed that the corrosion preferentially occurred at cellular structures and at grain boundaries and melt pools when the scanning strategy and hatching distance were respectively modified. The solute segregation at boundaries cells, the grain size distribution and the porosity could explain this corrosion behaviour. The results were compared with those of solution annealed counterpart, which would provide a factual basis for future applications of L-PBF 316L stainless steel.
Affections respiratoires supérieures
Authors: Canonne-Guibert Morgane
Published: September 2022

L’appareil respiratoire supérieur comprend les cavités nasales, le nasopharynx, le larynx et la trachée. Les affections inflammatoires et/ou obstructives de ces régions anatomiques sont courantes chez le chien et le chat. La connaissance de la sémiologie respiratoire est incontournable pour localiser au mieux le site anatomique concerné. Les affections obstructives pourront occasionner des difficultés respiratoires essentiellement inspiratoires ainsi qu’un bruit audible à distance (stertor, stridor ou encore toux). D’autres signes fonctionnels seront à rechercher afin de déterminer le site de l’obstruction (dysphonie, dysphagie, éternuements, éternuements à l’envers). Chez le chien, dans ce contexte, de nombreuses prédispositions raciales sont désormais connues.
Le collapsus trachéal chez le chien
Authors: Mourou Kévin , Lavoué Rachel , Diquelou Armelle
Published: September 2022

Dès lors que le collapsus trachéal est diagnostiqué chez le chien, une prise en charge médicale et conservatrice peut être envisagée dans la plupart des cas, fondée sur des traitements symptomatiques (antitussifs, anti-inflammatoires) et des mesures hygiéniques (contrôle du poids entre autres). Une approche interventionnelle doit toutefois être considérée pour les collapsus graves ou les cas réfractaires. Afin de pallier les nombreuses complications initialement associées à la pose chirurgicale d’anneaux extratrachéaux, le développement de stents endotrachéaux, il y a une vingtaine d’années, a constitué une véritable révolution thérapeutique associée à de bons résultats cliniques. Les complications de cette technique restent toutefois nombreuses, bien que de plus en plus limitées par la bonne sélection du patient, le choix du stent idéal et l’expérience croissante des manipulateurs. Toutefois, des données récentes suggèrent que le traitement chirurgical demeure une technique intéressante, moins onéreuse et alternative à la pose des stents, au moins dans les collapsus extrathoraciques. Dans tous les cas, le choix du type de traitement dépend de l’ensemble du tableau clinique du patient, des comorbidités, du type et de l’étendue du collapsus, et de la préférence du clinicien.
Syndrome obstructif respiratoire des races brachycéphales : approche diagnostique et thérapeutique
Authors: Hardy Jemmy-Lee , Poncet Cyrill
Published: September 2022

Le syndrome obstructif des races brachycéphales (SORB) est un ensemble d’anomalies respiratoires, digestives et cutanées affectant les chiens, mais également les chats, à tête courte. L’obstruction des voies respiratoires hautes, notamment au niveau des cavités nasales et du larynx, est à l’origine du tableau clinique observé, dominé par des ronflements et de l’intolérance à l’effort et à la chaleur. Les signes digestifs sont étroitement corrélés aux signes respiratoires avec une prévalence importante de ptyalisme et de régurgitations, notamment en cas d’excitation. L’établissement d’un bilan lésionnel complet au moyen d’un recueil de commémoratifs détaillé, d’un examen clinique rigoureux et d’examens d’imagerie précis (radiographies thoraciques, endoscopie des voies respiratoires et digestives) est indispensable pour établir un plan chirurgical adapté. Un traitement chirurgical visant à augmenter la perméabilité des voies respiratoires associe généralement une résection du voile du palais (palatoplastie) et une ouverture des narines (rhinoplastie). Une intervention précoce est recommandée pour limiter la progression des troubles. Combinée à un traitement médical, cette chirurgie permet une amélioration significative des symptômes. Le pronostic est bon à excellent dans plus de 90 % des cas et dépend de la sévérité des troubles initiaux, du tempérament du patient et également des techniques chirurgicales utilisées.
Occupational ionizing radiation exposure monitoring in several medical departments
Authors: Alomairy N.
Published: September 2022

Occupational ionizing radiation doses for medical radiation workers (MRWs) from different medical departments in a major specialized hospital in Saudi Arabia were measured and analyzed to establish a baseline for the annual mean effective dose (AMED) for MRWs. A statistical analysis of dose records was conducted on effective doses for 355 MRWs in the following medical departments. The overall AMED for all MRWs reported in this study was 1.60 mSv. The AMEDs in each medical department were 1.17 mSv in diagnostic radiology, 1.61 mSv in interventional radiology, 2.72 mSv in nuclear medicine, 1.59 mSv in radiation therapy, 1.32 mSv in operation room, 1.06 mSv in dentistry, and 1.54 mSv in others. A one-way ANOVA test indicated statistically significant differences between the departments’ workers (P = 0.001). The study reveals that the workers in the nuclear medicine department received the highest AMED among the other workers. The results reveal that no single occupational dose has exceeded the annual dose limit of 20 mSv. However, to avoid unwanted radiation exposures, it is still required to control the workplace and manage MRWs, particularly for workers in NM, who were found to get more dose than MRWs in other medical departments.
Physiotherapeutische Versorgung von Erwachsenen mit
Neuromuskulären Erkrankungen – Online-Befragung von
Physiotherapeut*innen im Stadtgebiet München
Authors: Wirner Corinna , Thiele Simone , Malm Eva , Schoser Benedikt
Published: September 2022

Hintergrund und Ziel Die Physiotherapie spielt in der symptomatischen
Behandlung von neuromuskulären Erkrankungen (NME) eine wichtige Rolle.
In der gesundheitlichen Versorgung von Erwachsenen mit NME kann es unter anderem
aufgrund der disziplinären Schnittstellen zu Intransparenz der
physiotherapeutischen Prozesse kommen. Die vorliegende Studie stellt den
IST-Zustand der physiotherapeutischen Versorgung von Erwachsenen mit NME dar und
beleuchtet Bedarfe von Physiotherapeut*innen, um die Qualität
der physiotherapeutischen Versorgung verbessern zu können.

Methodik Es wurde eine Online-Befragung von Physiotherapeut*innen
im Stadtgebiet München mittels Lime Survey durchgeführt. Der
Umfragelink wurde sowohl im stationären als auch im ambulanten Setting
sowie mit Hilfe des Schneeballprinzips gestreut. Die Angaben zu den
geschlossenen und offenen Fragen wurden quantitativ deskriptiv beziehungsweise
inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt haben 137 Physiotherapeut*innen an der
Online-Befragung teilgenommen und die Angaben von 124
Umfrageteilnehmer*innen konnten in die Analysen eingeschlossen werden.
62,4% (n=58) davon sind in der Behandlung von Erwachsenen mit
NME tätig. Am häufigsten wird die physiotherapeutische
Verordnung „Krankengymnastik zur Behandlung von zentralen
Bewegungsstörungen“ (KG-ZNS) (82,9%; n=34)
ausgestellt. Hausbesuche und Hilfsmittelversorgung wurden als effektivste
Maßnahmen eingestuft. 69,1% (n=56) der
Umfrageteilnehmer*innen wünschen sich weitere Informationen zum
Thema NME, vor allem in Form von E-Learnings (24,0%; n=37) und
Fachartikeln (21,4%; n=33). Neben dem festgestellten
Informationsbedarf konnte der Wunsch nach vertieftem interprofessionellen
Austausch und vermehrten zeitlichen Ressourcen in der physiotherapeutischen
Behandlung identifiziert werden.

Schlussfolgerung Die große Bandbreite an angewandten
physiotherapeutischen Maßnahmen verfolgt unter anderem das Ziel des
Erhalts der Selbstständigkeit der Patient*innen und wird in
ihrem Nutzen in der Versorgung von erwachsenen Patient*innen mit NME
überwiegend als sehr groß eingeschätzt. Es gilt, dem
identifizierten Informationswunsch und –bedarf der
Physiotherapeut*innen zum Thema NME in der bevorzugten Form mittels
niedrigschwelliger Angebote entgegenzukommen. Der interprofessionelle Austausch
sollte intensiviert und zeitbezogene Aspekte in der Verordnungsausstellung sowie
in Hinblick auf eine zukünftig mögliche Blankoverordnungs-Option
berücksichtigt werden, um positive Auswirkungen auf die
physiotherapeutische Versorgung von erwachsenen Patient*innen mit NME
erzielen zu können.
Costs of Neonatal Medical Complexity: Impact on New Parent Stress and Decision-Making
Authors: Miller Mattea E. , Donohue Pamela , Seltzer Rebecca , Kwak Cecilia , Boss Renee D.
Published: September 2022

Objective Parents of children with medical complexity experience substantial financial burdens. It is unclear how neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) clinicians prepare new parents of medically complex infants for this reality. This study explored new parent awareness of health care costs, desire to discuss costs with clinicians, and impact of costs on parents' medical decision-making.

Study Design The study design comprised semistructured interviews and surveys of parents of infants with medical complexity currently or previously in a NICU. Conventional content analysis was performed on interview transcripts, and descriptive analyses were applied to surveys.

Results Thematic saturation was reached with 27 families (15 NICU families and 12 post-NICU families) of diverse race/ethnicity/education/household income. Most were worried about their infants' current/future medical expenses and approximately half wanted to discuss finances with clinicians, only one parent had. While finances were not part of most parent's NICU decision-making, some later regretted this and wished cost had been incorporated into treatment choices. The family desire to discuss costs did not vary by family financial status. Parents described their infant's health care costs as: “We are drowning”; and “We'll never pay it off.”

Conclusion Most parents were worried about current and future medical expenses related to their infant's evolving medical complexity. Many wanted to discuss costs with clinicians; almost none had. NICU clinicians should prepare families for the future financial realities of pediatric medical complexity.

Key Points
Two-Step Transesterification of Phosphates, Phosphorothioates, and Phosphonates with a Binaphthyl Group for the Synthesis of P-Chirogenic Phosphates and Phosphonates
Authors: Murai Toshiaki , Endo Chikako , Inoue Yurika , Maruyama Toshifumi , Minoura Mao
Published: September 2022

Two-step transesterification of four-coordinate pentavalent organophosphorus compounds with a binaphthyl group has been studied in detail. The first step involves transfer of the axial chirality of a ­hydroxybinaphthyl group to the central chirality of the phosphorus atom. The second step is the substitution reaction of P-chirogenic compounds with a hydroxybinaphthyl group with lithium alkoxides, leading to the formation of P-chirogenic phosphates and phosphonates with primary and secondary alkoxy groups.
A Seven-Step Total Synthesis of (–)-Thebaine
Authors: Banwell Martin G. , White Lorenzo V. , Tan Shen , He Yu-Tao , Lan Ping
Published: September 2022

The morphinan alkaloid (–)-thebaine is an industrially important chemical intermediate deployed in the semi-synthesis of various opioid medicines. Here, a seven-step total synthesis of this natural product is reported from simple, commercially available starting materials. The pivotal aryl allyl ether substrate, which is obtained through successive Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and Mitsunobu substitution reactions, was engaged in a double-Heck cyclization sequence. The tetracyclic product of these processes was subjected to a photochemical hydroamination reaction that generated a N-Boc piperidine derivative embodying the full pentacyclic morphinan framework. Over a further three simple steps, this last compound was converted into (–)-thebaine.
Enantioselective β-Selective Addition of Isoxazolidin-5-ones to Allenoates Catalyzed by Quaternary Ammonium Salts
Authors: Waser Mario , Zebrowski Paul , Röser Katharina , Chrenko Daniel , Pospíšil Jiří
Published: September 2022

The enantioselective addition of isoxazolidin-5-ones to the β-carbon of allenoates has been carried out by using a novel spirobiindane-based quaternary ammonium salt catalyst. This protocol, which proceeds under classical liquid-solid phase-transfer conditions, gives access to unprecedented highly functionalized β2,2-amino acid derivatives with good enantioselectivities and in high yields, and further manipulations of these products have been carried out as well.
A Novel Method for Preparing Chromones via 1,2-Migration of α-Diazo-Flavanones
Authors: Ma Baochun , Sun Minghao , You Kejia , Chen Nian
Published: September 2022

A novel method for preparing chromones from α-diazo-flavanones has been developed. Good yields and regioselectivity are obtained through HCl catalysis and Rh2(Oct)4 catalysis. The chromone obtained can undergo a one-pot Diels–Alder reaction to synthesize flavanone propellane in high yield. Mechanisms about 1,2-migration under both catalysts are proposed.
The Properties, Synthesis, and Materials Applications of 1,4-Dithiins and Thianthrenes
Authors: Swager Timothy M. , Etkind Samuel I.
Published: September 2022

1,4-Dithiin and its dibenzo-analogue, thianthrene, represent a class of non-aromatic, sulfur-rich heterocycles. Their unique properties, stemming from both their non-planar structures and reversible one- and two-electron oxidations, serve as primary motivators for their use in the development of new materials. The applications of 1,4-dithiins and thianthrenes are rich and diverse, having been used for energy storage and harvesting, and the synthesis of phosphorescent compounds and porous polymers, among other uses. This review offers first an overview of the properties of 1,4-dithiin and thianthrene. Next, we describe enabling synthetic methodology to access 1,4-dithiins and thianthrenes with various substitution patterns. Lastly, the utility of 1,4-dithiin and thianthrene in the construction and design of new materials is detailed using select literature examples.

1 Introduction

2 Properties of 1,4-Dithiins and Thianthrenes

3 Synthesis of 1,4-Dithiins and Thianthrenes

3.1 Synthesis of 1,4-Dithiins

3.2 Synthesis of Thianthrenes

4 Application of 1,4-Dithiins and Thianthrenes in Materials

4.1 Thianthrene-Containing Polymers

4.2 Thianthrene in Redox-Active Materials

4.3 Thianthrenes and 1,4-Dithiins in Supramolecular Chemistry and Self-Assembly

4.4 Thianthrenes in Phosphorescent Materials

4.5 Thianthrenes with Other Interesting Photophysical Properties

4.6 Thianthrenes in the Synthesis of Non-natural Products

5 Conclusion
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Use of Probiotics in Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Critically Ill ICU Patients
Authors: Prasoon Anand , Singh Ritu , Anand Ravi , Kumar Sanjeev , Singh Siddharth , Singh Akrity
Published: September 2022

Context Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated patients. Curing and preventing effects of probiotics in promoting the growth of Bifidobacterium in the digestive system and the central role of bacteria colonization in the pathogenesis of VAP are evident.

Aims The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of administration of commercially available probiotics, that is, orodispersible probiotic sachets on VAP prevention and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.

Settings and Design Randomized control trials.

Methods and Materials In this study, 120 mechanically ventilated patients were randomly divided into two groups (n = 60 per group). Group 1 was given orodispersible probiotic sachets by gavage, twice a day in addition to routine care, while group 2 received only routine care. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed and clinical outcomes to the primary component (prevalence of VAP) and secondary component (other clinical factors) were interpreted.

Statistical Analysis Used In this study, data were analyzed via SAS statistical software version 9.4, using Student's t-test, chi-squared test, repeated measure analysis of variance, and Wilcoxon test.

Results There was a significant reduction in VAP diagnosed patients, as well as Clostridium
difficile-associated diarrhea and some complications of mechanical ventilation, in group 1 in comparison to group 2. The improvement in VAP was significantly greater for group 1 as compared with group 2. However, the mortality rate was similar between two groups.

Conclusions This study demonstrated that a daily diet with orodispersible probiotic sachets can be used as add-on therapy with other medications in the prevention of VAP. As a result, the use of orodispersible probiotic sachets in the treatment plan of patients undergoing long-term intubation is recommended.
Designing In-House SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR Assay for Variant of Concerns
Authors: Ergoren Mahmut Cerkez , Tuncel Gulten , Ozverel Cenk Serhan , Sanlidag Tamer
Published: September 2022

Variants (Alfa, Gamma, Beta, and Delta) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are circulating worldwide. These variants of concerns share some common mutations but they also have distinguishing mutations. These mutations affect transmissibility of virus and cause evasion from neutralizing antibodies. Monitoring and identification of circulating variants is of great importance for public health. In this study, an in-house SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) kit was designed to detect variants of concerns by the World Health Organization.

Primer sets and probes were designed to target presence of virus along with mutations for identifying different variants (for N501Y, HV69–70del, K417N, and T478K). Reactions were set by using commercially available master mixes without a reference dye.

The RT-qPCR conditions were optimized by using commercially available ribonucleic acid samples of wild-type, Alfa, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants. Several samples were also analyzed by the in-house kit after optimization studies. All Alfa variant and wild-type samples were also double confirmed with a commercially available variant detection kit demonstrating a 100% consistence with the in-house kit. Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants could not be confirmed with any other commercially available kits as there is not any available one in the market.

SARS-CoV-2 variants are gaining importance during the pandemic and shaping the fight against the virus. RT-qPCR kits detecting different variants would provide a significant advantage while screening the population.
Transesophageal Echocardiographic Illustration of Postinfarction Ventricular Septal Rupture
Authors: Das Devishree , Prakash Mohit , Makhija Neeti
Published: September 2022

Postinfarction ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a rare but dreaded mechanical complication of myocardial infarction. Moreover, patient develops cardiogenic shock or congestive heart failure requiring early surgical intervention. To optimize surgical repair, perioperative confirmation, determining location of VSR and adequacy of repair, is mandatory. Assessment can be obtained by the transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Use of two- and three-dimensional TEE techniques clearly delineate size and shape of septal rupture and involvement of other cardiac structures. We report a patient presenting with postinfarction VSR for elective VSR repair and surgical revascularization and implication of TEE in perioperative management.
Role of Cerebral Oximetry in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Shastri Naman
Published: September 2022

Cerebral oximetry, which is based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology, is an optical technique that allows for noninvasive and continuous monitoring of brain oxygenation by determining cerebral tissue blood oxygen saturation. Many research and observational studies were performed with neonates using various types of NIRS/cerebral oximetry monitors. However, no food and drug administration (FDA) approved-cerebral oximeter is available for neonates. Successful validation of cerebral oximetry for the FDA has been done in human adult volunteer studies under protocols in which jugular bulb and arterial blood samples were obtained under different levels of fractional inspired oxygen levels.
COVID-19 and adaptive behavior of returns: evidence from commodity markets
Authors: Shahid Muhammad Naeem
Published: September 2022

This study examines the Adaptive Market Hypothesis during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has impacted global economic activity, trade, and financial market activity. There has been much interest in testing financial market theories and relationships during COVID-19. Therefore, we have investigated the varying return predictability from commodities during COVID-19 concerning the adaptive market hypothesis. By applying linear and non-linear econometric models, we find a strong engagement of adaptive behavior of returns from commodities during the ongoing pandemic. The inconsistent return behavior is facilitated by dividing the sample period into different phases. Our results indicate that AMH best explains the impact of COVID-19 on commodity markets.
‘The window of opportunity is closing’—advocating urgency and unity
Authors: Tarkkala Heta , Snell Karoliina
Published: September 2022

Science and science policy are characterised by expectations. These expectations—as in the field of biomedicine—may be related to describing novel findings, their use in curing diseases or their economic benefits. Previous research has shown that expectations are often communicated with the help of metaphors. In this article, we take a closer look at one metaphor—‘closing window of opportunity’—and examine how it frames discussions about policy and regulatory change in biomedicine through the lenses of urgency and national unity. A key component of the generative metaphor of a ‘closing window’ is the focus on limited time and a sense of urgency related to the creation of an enabling environment for biomedical research and innovations. We focus on two key elements of this framing: international competitiveness and national unity. Moreover, drawing on urgency seems to be a standard response to the changing environment, in which the actors need to continuously guide their actions in new directions, meeting new demands posed by, for example, technological development or regulatory changes. We argue that while the metaphor of a closing window creates room for innovations and competitiveness, it is prone to silence critical discussions, for example on sustainability, responsibility and accountability. This leaves out important discussions about values, benefits and risks. With this analysis, we contribute to discussions about the sociology of (negative) expectations and generative metaphors and show how urgency can remain as a constant state of things.
Spin- and angle-resolved inverse photoemission setup with spin orientation independent from electron incidence angle
Authors: Campos A. F. , Duret P. , Cabaret S. , Duden T. , Tejeda A.
Published: September 2022

A new spin- and angle-resolved inverse photoemission setup with a low-energy electron source is presented. The spin-polarized electron source, with a compact design, can decouple the spin polarization vector from the electron beam propagation vector, allowing one to explore any spin orientation at any wavevector in angle-resolved inverse photoemission. The beam polarization can be tuned to any preferred direction with a shielded electron optical system, preserving the parallel beam condition. We demonstrate the performances of the setup by measurements on Cu(001) and Au(111). We estimate the energy resolution of the overall system at room temperature to be ∼170 meV from kBTeff of a Cu(001) Fermi level, allowing a direct comparison to photoemission. The spin-resolved operation of the setup has been demonstrated by measuring the Rashba splitting of the Au(111) Shockley surface state. The effective polarization of the electron beam is P = 30% ± 3%, and the wavevector resolution is ΔkF ≲ 0.06 Å−1. Measurements on the Au(111) surface state demonstrate how the electron beam polarization direction can be tuned in the three spatial dimensions. The maximum of the spin asymmetry is reached when the electron beam polarization is aligned with the in-plane spin polarization of the Au(111) surface state.
Decoupling trade-off thermoelectric relations and controlled out-plane lattice dynamics in few-layer MoS2
Authors: Abinaya R. , Harish S. , Archana J. , Shimomura M. , Navaneethan M.
Published: September 2022

We report on the thermoelectric properties of few-layer MoS2 fabricated on 290 nm-SiO2/Si by a two-zone atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. The decoupling of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient is noticed after 592 K, where the electrical conductivity (σ) is linearly increased and the Seebeck coefficient (S) is exponentially increased. The highest values of σ and S are 10.9 S cm−1 and 10312 nV K−1 at 734 K, respectively, and the highest power factor (S2σ) is 116 nW m−1 K−2 at 734 K. The calculated out-plane (A1g) displacement and the decreased A1g phonon lifetime are revealing the reduced phonon transport. The current investigations paved an attention to decouple the thermoelectric properties of few layer MoS2.
Achieving a social license for fusion energy
Authors: Hoedl Seth A.
Published: September 2022

Despite recent technical advances, there is a risk that commercial-scale fusion will not play a substantial role in mitigating climate change or alleviating energy poverty due to a lack of public or community support, often referred to as a lack of a social license. This risk is not academic—other technologies, such as fission reactors, spent fuel waste repositories (e.g., Yucca Mountain), genetically modified foods, onshore and offshore wind turbines, electrical transmission lines, and even vaccines, struggle due to rejection by a substantial fraction of society, in other words, a lack of social acceptance. Conventional approaches to this challenge, such as risk-reducing technical solutions (e.g., replacing fission with fusion), or better “communication” or “education,” are unlikely, on their own, to be sufficient to mitigate this risk. Fortunately, fusion is sufficiently young that it has an opportunity to distinguish itself from other energy technologies not just in the way that it uses physics, but also in the way that it approaches society. In particular, fusion can anticipate, rather than react to, public concerns. Looking to other industries and fields of research, this paper describes the risk of a lack of public support and methods to achieve such support, including a social license, bio-ethical review, and responsible research and innovation. These methods are discussed in the context of seven case studies, illustrating practical application. The paper concludes with recommendations for specific steps that fusion companies, non-governmental organizations, academic researchers, government funders, and government regulators can take now to facilitate a long-term social license for fusion energy.
Effects of solar flares on ionospheric TEC over Iceland before and during the geomagnetic storm of 8 September 2017
Authors: Idosa Chali , Shogile Kebede
Published: September 2022

The effects of solar flares on ionospheric total electron content (TEC) over Iceland before and during the geomagnetic storm of September 8, 2017 were studied. Global Positioning Syste (GPS)-TEC data were obtained from dual-frequency GPS sites operated by the University NAVSTAR Consortium at Dyna (65.06°N, −16.6°E) and Kisa (64.7°N, −17.6°E) stations. The findings of this study show that the enhancement of ionospheric TEC was more noticeable over the Kisa station than over the Dyna station during the coronal mass ejection day. However, during the geomagnetic storm day, maximum enhancement of TEC was observed over the Dyna station than over the Kisa station. The values of the ionospheric TEC during the initial phase of the storm were greater than during the main and recovery phases of the storm over both stations. This might be due to the effects of X-class solar flares and shock wave preceding the arriving of interplanetary coronal mass ejections plasma. The spatial gradients of TEC between two nearby stations are similar during the main phase of the storm, but slightly different during the initial and recovery phases of the storm. Finally, solar events have a favorable influence on geomagnetic storm indices and ionospheric observables.
Dynamic interaction of growing bubble and microlayer: Need for reconciliation of experiments and theory in flow boiling
Authors: Vadlamudi Sai Raja Gopal , Sinha Gulshan Kumar , Srivastava Atul , Singh Suneet
Published: September 2022

The bubble growth and its corresponding microlayer dynamics are strongly coupled from the point of bubble inception to its eventual liftoff. This paper discusses the complex and interesting interaction between a bubble and a microlayer through high-speed photography and thin-film interferometry in vertical flow boiling conditions. We analyzed existing force balance models and bubble growth rate models using experimental data. Our analysis revealed that the existing force balance models show severe limitations in predicting bubble dynamics, and the success of models reported by researchers is mainly due to over-parametrization and over-fitting. We show through our experimental results that the movement of the bubble in the flow direction and depletion of the upstream microlayer are strongly correlated with bubble diameter and growth rate. We discuss a non-dimensional approach based on forces acting on the bubble to predict the bubble movement in the flow direction. Furthermore, we report an interesting stage of the bubble ebullition cycle, where the bubble does neither liftoff nor contact the heater surface.
Derivable genetic programming for two-dimensional colloidal materials
Authors: Mahynski Nathan A. , Han Bliss , Markiewitz Daniel , Shen Vincent K.
Published: September 2022

We describe a method for deriving surface functionalization patterns for colloidal systems that can induce self-assembly into any chosen periodic symmetry at a planar interface. The result is a sequence of letters, s ∈ {A,T,C,G}, or a gene, that describes the perimeter of the colloidal object and programs its self-assembly. This represents a genome that is finite and can be exhaustively enumerated. These genes derive from symmetry, which may be topologically represented by two-dimensional parabolic orbifolds; since these orbifolds are surfaces that may be derived from first principles, this represents an ab initio route to colloid functionality. The genes are human readable and can be employed to easily design colloidal units. We employ a biological (genetic) analogy to demonstrate this and illustrate their connection to the designs of Maurits Cornelis (M. C.) Escher.
Physics-based nozzle design rules for high-frequency liquid metal jetting
Authors: Seo J. , Somarakis C. , Korneev S. , Behandish M. , Lew A. J.
Published: September 2022

We present physics-based nozzle design rules to achieve high-throughput and stable jetting in drop-on-demand liquid metal 3D printing. The design rules are based on scaling laws that capture the change in the meniscus oscillation relaxation time with geometric characteristics of the nozzle's inner profile. These characteristics include volume, cross-sectional area, and inner surface area of the nozzle. Using boundary layer theory for a simple geometry, we show that the meniscus settles faster when the ratio of inner surface area to volume is increased. High-fidelity multiphase flow simulations verify this scaling. We use these laws to explore several design concepts with parameterized classes of shapes that reduce the meniscus relaxation time while preserving desired droplet specifications. Our findings enable exploration of nozzle concepts that can achieve optimal performance by increasing the ratio of the circumferential surface area to the bulk volume to the extent that is allowable by manufacturing constraints.
The effect of humidity on the discharge mode transition of air discharge plasma
Authors: Xi Wang , Luo Santu , Liu Dingxin , Wang Zifeng , Liu Zhijie , Guo Li , Wang Xiaohua , Rong Mingzhe
Published: September 2022

Cold atmospheric plasma in air commonly operates in the O3 mode and NOx mode, which easily interconvert through a transition mode, depending on discharge conditions. Given that the humidity varies considerably in different weather, it is important to elucidate the effect of humidity on the discharge mode transition, but few studies have been reported thus far. In this study, air plasmas were generated by a surface dielectric barrier discharge with different discharge powers of 6, 9, and 12 W, and the relative humidity of air was controlled at 1.5% (dry air), 40%, or 80% for a comparative study. It was found that an increase in humidity suppressed the production of O3 but promoted that of NO2 when the discharge power was 6 W, whereas it promoted the production of O3 but suppressed that of NO2 when the discharge power was 12 W. This implies that air humidity could have a bidirectional effect on the discharge mode transition, which was validated by experiments with a moderate power of 9 W. In that case, the discharge in dry air maintained the transition mode at a quasi-stable state, but it transited either into the NOx mode when the humidity was 40% or into the O3 mode when the humidity was 80%. A competition between reaction pathways dominated by N2(ν) or water-originated compounds may be the cause, and our findings indicate that the effect of humidity should be taken seriously in the research and development of air discharge plasmas.
Onset of instability with collapse observed in relatively high density and medium beta regions of LHD
Authors: Takemura Yuki , Watanabe Kiyomasa , Sakakibara Satoru , Ohdachi Satoshi , Narushima Yoshiro , Tanaka Kenji , Tokuzawa Tokihiko
Published: September 2022

Edge MHD instabilities with pressure collapse are found in relatively high beta and low magnetic Reynolds number regions with a magnetic axis torus outward-shifted configuration of the large helical device (LHD), and characteristics and onset conditions of the instability are investigated. The instability has a radial structure with an odd parity around the resonant surface, which is different from that of the interchange instability typically observed in the LHD. The onset condition dependence on the magnetic axis location shows that the onset beta increases as the magnetic axis location moves more torus inwardly, and the instability appears only in limited configurations where the magnetic axis is located between 3.65 and 3.775 m. In such configurations, the resonant surface location is close to an index of the plasma boundary. This fact suggests that the distance between the resonant surface location and the plasma boundary plays an important role in the onset, and a possibility that the instability is driven by an external mode.
Multifunctional acoustic logic gates by valley sonic crystals
Authors: Lu Yu-jing , Wang Yin , Ge Yong , Yuan Shou-qi , Jia Ding , Sun Hong-xiang , Liu Xiao-jun
Published: September 2022

The emergence of acoustic logic devices has attracted increasing attention owing to its great potential in logical operations and integrated acoustics. In recent years, various types of acoustic logic gates have successively been demonstrated based on artificial materials. However, simultaneous realization of acoustic logic devices with the characteristics of broad bandwidth and high robustness still poses a great challenge. To overcome this, we numerically design and experimentally demonstrate a multifunctional logic gate based on valley sonic crystals (VSCs). In a designed waveguide composed of two VSCs, a pair of valley edge states can be obtained in the domain wall. Additionally, we experimentally design a multifunctional logic gate composed of four VSCs. The logic functions OR and XOR with the fractional bandwidths of 0.24 and 0.19 can be realized at two output ports, which arises from both valley conservation and linear interference mechanisms. More importantly, we experimentally demonstrate the robustness of the logic gate by introducing a V-shaped defect, and the corresponding logic functions and their bandwidths created by the valley transport of edge states are almost immune to backscattering from the V-shaped defect. Compared with the previous acoustic logic gates, the proposed logic gate has the advantages of multifunctionality, broad bandwidth, and high robustness, which may have practical applications in advanced acoustic devices for computing and information processing.
Universal signal scaling in microwave impedance microscopy
Authors: Shan Jun-Yi , Pierce Adam , Ma Eric Y.
Published: September 2022

Microwave impedance microscopy (MIM) is an emerging scanning probe technique that measures the local complex dielectric function using near-field microwave. Although it has made significant impacts in diverse fields, a systematic, quantitative understanding of the signal's dependence on various important design parameters is lacking. Here, we show that for a wide range of MIM implementations, given a complex tip-sample admittance change ΔY, the MIM signal—the amplified change in the reflected microwave amplitude—is −G·ΔY/2Y0·η2·Vin, where η is the ratio of the microwave voltage at the probe to the incident microwave amplitude, Y0 is the system admittance, and G is the total voltage gain. For linear circuits, η is determined by the circuit design and does not depend on Vin. We show that the maximum achievable signal for different designs scales with η2 or η when limited by input power or sample perturbation, respectively. This universal scaling provides guidance on diverse design goals, including maximizing narrow-band signal for imaging and balancing bandwidth and signal strength for spectroscopy.
A Fermi resonance and a parallel-proton-transfer overtone in the Raman spectrum of linear centrosymmetric N4H+: A polarizability-driven first principles molecular dynamics study
Authors: Omodemi Oluwaseun , Revennaugh Ramsay , Riley Janiyah , Kaledin Alexey L. , Kaledin Martina
Published: September 2022

We present molecular dynamics (MD), polarizability driven MD (α-DMD), and pump–probe simulations of Raman spectra of the protonated nitrogen dimer N4H+, and some of its isotopologues, using the explicitly correlated coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples [CCSD(T)]-F12b/aug-cc-pVTZ based potential energy surface in permutationally invariant polynomials (PIPs) of Yu et al. [J. Phys. Chem. A 119, 11623 (2015)] and a corresponding PIP-derived CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ-tr (N:spd, H:sp) polarizability tensor surface (PTS), the latter reported here for the first time. To represent the PTS in terms of a PIP basis, we utilize a recently described formulation for computing the polarizability using a many-body expansion in the orders of dipole–dipole interactions while generating a training set using a novel approach based on linear regression for potential energy distributions. The MD/α-DMD simulations reveal (i) a strong Raman activity at 260 and 2400 cm−1, corresponding to the symmetric N–N⋯H bend and symmetric N–N stretch modes, respectively; (ii) a very broad spectral region in the 500–2000 cm−1 range, assignable to the parallel N⋯H+⋯N proton transfer overtone; and (iii) the presence of a Fermi-like resonance in the Raman spectrum near 2400 cm−1 between the Σg+ N–N stretch fundamental and the Πu overtone corresponding to perpendicular N⋯H+⋯N proton transfer.