bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-basin differences in the nutrient assimilation characteristics of induced phytoplankton blooms in the subtropical Pacific waters
Authors: Hashihama Fuminori , Saito Hiroaki , Kodama Taketoshi , Yasui-Tamura Saori , Kanda Jota , Tanita Iwao , Ogawa Hiroshi , Woodward E. Malcolm S. , Boyd Philip W. , Furuya Ken
Published: February 2021

Abstract. To better understand the nutrient assimilation
characteristics of subtropical phytoplankton, deep-water addition incubation
experiments were carried out on surface waters collected at seven stations
across the subtropical North and South Pacific Ocean. These deep-water
additions induced phytoplankton blooms with nutrient drawdown at all
stations. The drawdown ratios of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to
phosphate (PO4) varied from 14.1 to 30.7 at the PO4-replete
stations in the central North Pacific (CNP) and eastern South Pacific (ESP).
These ratios were similar to the range represented by the canonical Redfield
ratio (16) through to typical particulate N:P ratios in the surface
subtropical ocean (28). In contrast, lower DIN:PO4 drawdown ratios
(7.7–13.3) were observed in induced blooms at the PO4-depleted stations
in the western North Pacific (WNP). The DIN:PO4 drawdown ratios in the
PO4-replete ESP were associated with eukaryote-dominated blooms, while
those in the PO4-depleted WNP were associated with eukaryotic and
cyanobacterial blooms. The surplus PO4 assimilation, relative to DIN,
by phytoplankton in the WNP was not expected based on their typical cellular
N:P ratio and was likely due to the high PO4 uptake capability as induced by low-PO4-adapted phytoplankton. The low- and high-P* (=PO4- DIN/16) regimes geographically corresponded to the low and high DIN:PO4 drawdown ratios in the WNP and the CNP or ESP, respectively. The basin-wide P* distribution in the oligotrophic Pacific surface waters showed a clear regional trend from low in the WNP (<50 nM) to high in the ESP (>100 nM). These results suggest that the subtropical
phytoplankton blooms as observed in our experiments could be an important
factor controlling P* as well as the commonly recognized dinitrogen fixation
and denitrification characteristics.
Flash drought onset over the contiguous United States: sensitivity of inventories and trends to quantitative definitions
Authors: Osman Mahmoud , Zaitchik Benjamin F. , Badr Hamada S. , Christian Jordan I. , Tadesse Tsegaye , Otkin Jason A. , Anderson Martha C.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The term “flash drought” is frequently invoked to describe droughts that
develop rapidly over a relatively short timescale. Despite extensive and
growing research on flash drought processes, predictability, and trends,
there is still no standard quantitative definition that encompasses all
flash drought characteristics and pathways. Instead, diverse definitions
have been proposed, supporting wide-ranging studies of flash drought but
creating the potential for confusion as to what the term means and how to
characterize it. Use of different definitions might also lead to different
conclusions regarding flash drought frequency, predictability, and trends
under climate change. In this study, we compared five previously published
definitions, a newly proposed definition, and an operational satellite-based
drought monitoring product to clarify conceptual differences and to
investigate the sensitivity of flash drought inventories and trends to the
choice of definition. Our analyses indicate that the newly introduced Soil
Moisture Volatility Index definition effectively captures flash drought
onset in both humid and semi-arid regions. Analyses also showed that
estimates of flash drought frequency, spatial distribution, and seasonality
vary across the contiguous United States depending upon which definition is used.
Definitions differ in their representation of some of the largest and most
widely studied flash droughts of recent years. Trend analysis indicates that
definitions that include air temperature show significant increases in flash
droughts over the past 40 years, but few trends are evident for
definitions based on other surface conditions or fluxes. These results
indicate that “flash drought” is a composite term that includes several
types of events and that clarity in definition is critical when monitoring,
forecasting, or projecting the drought phenomenon.
GNSS and RPAS integration techniques for studying landslide
dynamics: Application to the areas of Victoria and Colinas Lojanas,
(Loja, Ecuador)
Authors: Zárate Torres Belizario A. , El Hamdouni Rachid , Fernández del Castillo Tomas
Published: February 2021

Abstract. This research tests the application of GNSS and RPAS techniques to the spatiotemporal analysis of landslide dynamics. Our method began by establishing non-permanent GNSS networks on the slope surfaces to perform periodic measurements by differential GNSS. Similarly, RPAS flights were made to acquire high-resolution images, which were oriented and georeferenced using ground control points and structure-from-motion algorithms to obtain digital surface models and orthophotos ultimately. Based on GNSS measurements, the direction and velocity of displacements were accurately calculated, and orthophotos and DSMs were used to calculate horizontal and vertical displacements in a set of significant points throughout the study area, reaching accuracies higher than 0.035 m in the GNSS data and 0.10 m in the RPAS data. These values were within the accuracy required for such studies. Based on the field observations and the results from the photogrammetric studies, the two studied landslides were classified as very slow flows.
Behavior of the iterative ensemble-based variational method in nonlinear problems
Authors: Nakano Shin'ya
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The behavior of the iterative ensemble-based data assimilation algorithm is discussed. The ensemble-based method for variational data assimilation problems, referred to as the 4D ensemble variational method (4DEnVar), is a useful tool for data assimilation problems. Although the 4DEnVar is derived based on a linear approximation, highly uncertain problems, in which system nonlinearity is significant, are solved by applying this method iteratively. However, the ensemble-based methods basically seek the solution within a lower-dimensional subspace spanned by the ensemble members. It is not necessarily trivial how high-dimensional problems can be solved with the ensemble-based algorithm which employs the lower-dimensional approximation based on the ensemble. In the present study, an ensemble-based iterative algorithm is reformulated to allow us to analyze its behavior in high-dimensional nonlinear problems. The conditions for monotonic convergence to a local maximum of the objective function are discussed in a high-dimensional context. It is shown that the ensemble-based algorithm can solve high-dimensional problems by distributing the ensemble in different subspace at each iteration. The findings as the results of the present study were also experimentally supported.
El Titán Atlas
Authors: Valtierra Lacalle Ana
Published: February 2021

La figura de Atlas es una de las más prolíficas en la historia del arte, y de las más estereotipadas iconográficamente hablando. La representación más generalizada es la del titán sosteniendo la bóveda celeste sobre sus hombros o, normalmente en época griega, la representación del pasaje en el que Heracles le sustituye mientras él va a buscar las manzanas de las Hespérides. A pesar de ser un iconograma tan sumamente prefijado, no abundan los estudios que intenten marcar cuál es el punto de inflexión en este tipo de iconografía de un hombre maduro, barbado, hincando el pie en tierra para sostener la bóveda celeste.
Representaciones de los viajes de la Sagrada Familia en el arte de los siglos V-XV
Authors: Grau-Dieckmann Patricia
Published: February 2021

En el arte cristiano hay escenas en los ciclos de las vidas de la Virgen María y de Jesús que, aunque familiares y conocidas, poseen un contenido iconográfico que no responde estrictamente a los relatos evangélicos canónicos. Gestadas en el seno de la Iglesia, derivan también de leyendas e historias apócrifas y tradiciones orales. En este contexto, el presente trabajo analizará diferentes formas de representar los viajes de la Sagrada Familia durante el período abarcado entre los siglos V y XV, buscando una explicación a la popularidad de este tipo de escenas.
"Imago expandit splendorem suum". Hildegard of Bingen’s Visio-Theological Designs in the Rupertsberg Scivias Manuscript
Authors: Campbell Nathaniel M.
Published: February 2021

A significant point of  contention within  studies of  the twelfth-century visionary saint and Doctor of the Church, Hildegard of Bingen, is the question of her role in the production of the illuminated Scivias manuscript known as the Rupertsberg Codex. While current German scholarship has tended to preclude Hildegard’s hand, pre-war German scholars, who had access to the original manuscript before it was lost, and most modern Anglophone scholars have argued more or less strongly for  Hildegard’s influence on the design. This paper argues for Hildegard’s direction of the images based on their function as a theological discourse refracting the text. The images are not ancillary to or derivative of the work; they are integral to it. A key area of the manuscript design that reveals these authorial interventions is the color scheme. The use of certain colors, such as green and red, that have particular meanings in Hildegard’s symbolic vocabulary—even when at odds with the colors described in the recorded vision text—reveals the theological place of each image within Hildegard’s perception of salvation history. Furthermore, the extensive use of silver, gold, and blue in the manuscript can be understood both through Hildegard’s likely use of actual jewelry that contained enamel work and those metals, and through the theological meanings with which Hildegard imbues the metallic pigments. Such visual markers invested with theological significance thus argue for Hildegard’s design of the manuscript and aid the viewer- reader in interpreting the complex visual allegories at work in  Hildegard’s  often  enigmatic  visions. Finally, they reveal the dynamic ways in which Hildegard used the images to emphasize her theological insights into the feminine divine and its connection especially to her and her community  as  virgin members of a virgin Church.
Consideraciones iconográficas sobre las pinturas de la Sala de los Reyes de la Alhambra de Granada
Authors: Vallejo Naranjo Carmen
Published: February 2021

La cualidad y vocación supranacional de la cultura caballeresca, como exclusivo código ideológico-moral de una ética de vida válida para todo el estamento aristocrático, que con eficacia trascendió el orbe cristiano, quedó expresada plenamente a través de su propia producción artística. Su capacidad estética hizo que su ideología y sus valores morales traspasaran fronteras físicas, culturales y religiosas. El lenguaje caballeresco se constituyó en el idioma de representación consensuado para las relaciones socio-políticas tanto de índole feudal como inter-reinos, siendo su ceremonial el canal escénico adecuado para el desarrollo de las relaciones diplomáticas en la corte. Este hecho se consagra, aún más, en el campo de las artes plásticas, donde su iconografía cumple de forma directa y global la función didáctica y representativa de los variados aspectos que constituyen y demarcan la naturaleza guerrera de la aristocracia medieval y su modo estético de vida, cuya apoteosis cortesana es el fasto caballeresco. Jornadas de caza y juegos. que, en realidad, promueven relaciones políticas y son, en definitiva, el marco diplomático donde se expresan los difíciles equilibrios del poder medieval. En esta clave interpretamos las pinturas del techo de la Sala de los Reyes de la Alhambra de Granada.
"Flos campi et lilium convallium". Third Interpretation of the Lily in the Iconography of The Annunciation in Italian Trecento Art from Patristic and Theological Sources
Authors: Salvador González José María
Published: February 2021

This paper (which complements two previous works of our authorship) proposes to interpret the bouquet of lilies in medieval images of The Annunciation in two essentially intertwined dogmatic meanings, related to Christology and Mariology. Contradicting conventional “explanations” of such flower in this Marian scene, we found our proposal in many and consistent testimony of some prestigious Church Fathers and medieval theologians, glossing the biblical sentence Ego sum flos campi et lilium convallium. Such lyrical expression is seen by those authors as a clear metaphor that identifies Christ, the incarnate Son of God, and that, as such, also refers to Mary, in whose virginal womb the Son of God's incarnation is produced. Thus, based on the solid patristic and theological tradition on this biblical sentence, we dare to interpret the bouquet of lilies in paintings of the Annunciation (illustrated here by nine paintings of the Italian Trecento) as a double metaphor, which means both the supernatural human incarnation of God the Son and the virginal divine motherhood of Mary.
"Sicut lilium inter spinas". Floral Metaphors in Late Medieval Marian Iconography from Patristic and Theological Sources
Authors: Salvador González José María
Published: February 2021

This paper proposes  an  interpretation  of the  flowers  and  other plant motifs present in some late medieval images of four Marian themes: the Virgin Enthroned with Child, the Virgin of Humility, the Sacra Conversazione and the Coronation of the Virgin. By supplementing certain unjustified conventions that, without any argument, see these flowers as natural symbols of Mary’s love or virginity, our iconographic proposal is based on multiple evidence by prestigious Church Fathers and medieval theologians. By commenting some significant passages of the Old Testament, all of them praise the Mother of the Savior in terms of flowers and plants as metaphors for her holiness and virtue. Thus, on the basis of a solid patristic and theological tradition, this paper attempts to interpret these botanic elements as symbolic figures of purity, humility, charity, sublimity of virtue and absolute holiness of Mary and, as the essential core, her perpetual virginity and virginal divine motherhood.
Crítica, mediación, y nuevas espacialidades
Authors: Argyriou Konstantinos
Published: February 2021

A lo largo de las últimas décadas, los desarrollos tecnológicos han transformado la experiencia museística, poniendo bajo cuestión varias prácticas relacionadas con ella, como la crítica de arte y la mediación cultural, que se encuentran tanto enfrentadas entre ellas como afectadas por la proliferación de relatos y agentes de opinión. Dicha democratización ha vuelto a plantear el problema de cómo legitimar enunciaciones, usar cuerpos, sensaciones y deseos, y posibilitar el cambio en el interior y exterior de los museos de arte contemporáneo. La presente reflexión intenta conceptualizar la noción de lo intermedio como eje para la discusión sobre dichos temas. Asimismo, realiza un recorrido epistemológico partiendo de la interdisciplinariedad y los estudios CTG con el fin de explorar cómo sesgos y fuerzas inhibidoras dentro de las instituciones dificultan los procesos de habitar los espacios intermedios, mientras que enfoques alternativos, híbridos y situados apoyan la intersubjetividad, el intercambio y la implicación activa.
A "elevatio animae" na arte funerária medieval da Península Ibérica
Authors: Ramos Dias Marta Miriam
Published: February 2021

A elevatio animae simboliza o instante em que a alma ascende ao Paraíso. A representação mais comum deste momento mostra a alma como uma criança, nua, envolta num panejamento puxado por dois anjos em sentido ascendente. No entanto, existem variações que serão aqui elencadas e analisadas. Os primeiros exemplares (conhecidos) desta iconografia apareceram patenteados em elementos arquitectónicos, nomeadamente, em capitéis. Mais tarde, a elevatio animae surgiu, sobretudo, em túmulos dos séculos XIII e XIV. Neste estudo, analisaremos algumas tipologias com representações da elevatio animae integradas em diferentes contextos iconográficos.
Mieke Bal
Authors: Carreño Rio Rodrigo
Published: February 2021

La teórica e historiadora del arte Mieke Bal destaca en sus estudios por encontrarse en un constante viaje, de idas y venidas que aportan frescura y revitalizan el arte contemporáneo. Durante su trayectoria ha conseguido renovar, a través de la reinterpretación, términos como el espacio, la temporalidad o el movimiento, este último entendido como desplazamiento y como tiempo, que se convierten en aspectos claves dentro de sus teorías. Pero si por algo ha destacado es por estar siempre ligada a los estudios visuales. Para ella, las imágenes son algo más que un elemento físico, presentan diferentes formas de mostrarse ante el espectador. Todos estos estudios y todo el trabajo de Mieke Bal se pudo ver reflejado en la exposición Emma & Edvard: Love in the Time of Loneliness que ella misma comisarió en The Munch Museum, del 27 de enero al 17 de abril de 2017. En ella consiguió crear nuevos elementos para el desarrollo de la exposición introduciendo en el mundo del comisariado nuevas formas expositivas.
San José e a prática de partejar na Natividade
Authors: Pires de Almeida Francisca
Published: February 2021

Este artigo debruça-se sobre a representação de São José na Natividade de Gregório Lopes (c. 1527) e, também, nas Natividades flamengas dos finais da Idade Média e inícios da Época Moderna. Pretendemos investigar aspetos particulares da figuração do Santo, retratado a segurar um pano branco, cozinhando ou deitando água numa bacia de madeira. Estudos recentes afirmam que o propósito destas imagens foi dotar São José de um cunho maternal. Ainda assim, terá sido esta a verdadeira intenção dos pintores e encomendadores? Acreditamos, com base nos gestos e atitudes atribuídos ao pai putativo de Cristo, estar na presença de momentos de partejamento. Partindo deste ponto de vista, tornou-se também necessário investigar as fases dos rituais pós-parto.
Del diseño gráfico a la comunicación en el espacio expositivo
Authors: Gil Muñoz de la Nava Nerea , Suárez Fernández Marina , Cerezuela Sáenz de Buruaga Guadalupe
Published: February 2021

El diseño gráfico resulta tan cotidiano como inadvertido. De esta paradoja surge la necesidad de su actualización. Remitiéndose a su función más primigenia, la de comunicar, este artículo propone replantear el concepto desde la base con la intención de generar nuevas estrategias que despierten el interés en los públicos y multipliquen las posibilidades de la exposición en cuanto a experiencia dialéctica. Para este propósito las artes visuales sirven de inspiración y las nuevas tecnologías nos permiten experimentar con el diseño y creación de espacios de exposición.
Las representaciones sobre los gitanos en la pintura rusa del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX
Authors: Procop Svetlana
Published: February 2021

La historia del pueblo gitano, conocido como pueblo rom todavia necesita importantes pruebas de su cultura, artefactos, iconografía. En la reconstrucción de su historia estas representaciones, grabados en las obras de arte, son una información valiosa. Junto con las ideas, imágenes u objetos descubiertos en los retratos y escenas de género obtenemos los datos importantes que pueden servir de apoyo en la reconstrucción de las tradiciones y costumbres, ofreciéndonos una información importante tanto etnológica, como antropológica. En el último tiempo los científicos subrayan la necesidad de atraer más atención en las demostraciones emocionales verídicas, que han sido reflejadas en las obras de escritores y pintores y que tienen un valor especial.
Un salterio miniato quattrocentesco dal convento di San Francesco a Zara
Authors: Kaksic Nikola
Published: February 2021

L'autore discute un manoscritto miniato dal convento di San Francesco a Zara. Nove fogli che caratterizzano le iniziali più rappresentative di questo manoscritto sono stati tolti nel 1974 e la loro ubicazione è sconosciuta fin da allora. Solo vecchie fotografie in bianco e nero di questo Salterio sono note nella letteratura scientifica. Con l'ausilio di particolari dei colori conservati su un rotolo di pellicola presso l'Ufficio della Conservazione a Zara, l'autore tenta di ricostruirne l'aspetto originario. Egli mette in evidenza il fatto che questo salterio non è stato analizzato a fondo o descritto consistentemente. Egli stabilisce che si tratta di un salterio liturgico (Psalterium feriale), che si distingue da un salterio biblico, e che contiene un innario (Psalterium cum hymnis). Ogni salmo e inno inizia con un’iniziale illuminata, la maggior parte delle quali sono decorative. Tuttavia, il salterio ha otto iniziali figurale (littera historiata), che l'autore analizza individualmente e stabilisce come un riflesso diretto della divisione del Salterio nei giorni della settimana liturgica. La decorazione figurale è stata data solo per le iniziali del primo salmo di ogni nuovo giorno liturgico (feria), che fanno sette in totale. Essi sono: i Salmi I, XXVI, XXXVII, LII, LXVIII, LXXX e XCVII, dove il Salmo I marca la Domenica, il Salmo XXVI il Lunedi e così via, fino alla fine della settimana liturgica. La decorazione figurale è stata data anche alla prima iniziale all'inizio del Salterio che si apre con un cosiddetto Invitatorium. Ogni iniziale figurale è descritta in dettaglio, e particolare enfasi viene data all’iniziale B nel folio 5, che rappresenta l'iniziale più ricca di tutto il Salterio. Nella sua parte inferiore c’è una rappresentazione di San Bernardino, invece di Sant'Antonio da Padova o di San Francesco come è stato suggerito. In questo lavoro, l'autore pubblica tutte le iniziali e le inserisce nel contesto dei rispettivi salmi. Il documento difrerenzia graficamente tre tipi di iniziali attraverso l'uso di differenti composizione. Le iniziali figurali, littera historiata, sono stampate in grassetto, il corsivo viene applicato alla littera dominicalis, mentre gli altri, 'littera ferialis', che costituiscono la maggior parte, sono stampati in caratteri regolare. Il colore rosso è utilizzato per una rubrica, che sono i sottotitoli che segnano le sezioni individuali del Salterio come l’Invitatorium, feria, inni, ecc. Questo permette anche coloro che non hanno il comando della lingua Croata di conoscere l'intero contenuto del salterio. Contrariamente all'opinione corrente che sostiene che il Salterio è l’opera di una scuola veneziana, e contrariamente a una visione isolata che è stato creato a Zara stessa, l'autore ritiene che il Salterio è stato creato nel cerchio di Bologna, molto probabilmente intorno al 1460 o appena dopo questa data.
El mito fundacional de Roma
Authors: Fernández Uriel Pilar
Published: February 2021

Breve recorrido del tratamiento iconográfico del denominado Grupo de Eneas, desde sus posibles orígenes griegos y etruscos a nuestros días, con una especial atención a su evolución en Roma y la creación pictórica del siglo XVII depositada en el Museo Nacional del Prado, realizada por Juan de la Corte, Francisco Collantes y Luca Giordano.
Iconography of The Birth of the Virgin Mary on the Basis of a Homily of St. John Damascene
Authors: Salvador González José María
Published: February 2021

As a consequence of the fact that the New Testament mentions few episodes and very few details of the real life of the Virgin Mary, among the Eastern Christian communities several apocryphal legends, that tried to supply this hermetic silence around the birth, infancy, youth, adulthood and death of the Mother of Jesus, arose during the first centuries of Christianity. These apocryphal accounts were then taken up and interpreted catechetically as a useful devotional matter by many Church Fathers, theologians and ecclesiastical writers. The reflections of these prestigious thinkers formed a solid corpus of doctrine, from which very important Marian devotions and liturgical feasts would soon follow. A primordial milestone in this “imaginary” life of Mary is her supernatural birth, after her miraculous conception in the bosom of her old and sterile mother Anne. As a natural fruit of these heterogenous literary and theological sources, from the tenth-eleventh centuries the medieval Byzantine and European artists approached with remarkable enthusiasm the iconographic theme of the Birth of the Virgin Mary as a significant episode of her life. On this basis, in this article we propose a triple complementary objective. First of all, after outlining the essential content of the apocryphal sources, we will broadly analyze the various theological theses that we believe are deductible from the emotional reflections that St. John Damascene expresses in a homily on the subject. Secondly, we will analyze some Byzantine and European paintings on the Birth of Mary, in order to determine to what extent the apocryphal accounts and the doctrinal statements of the Damascene are reflected in the characters, situations, attitudes, accessories and scenographic elements represented in these depictions. Finally, we will state some conclusions that we believe to be plausible in relating the Damascenian texts and the pictorial works of reference.
A Igreja reformada e as novas perspectivas da Cristandade na Baixa Idade Média
Authors: Silva Rocha Tereza Renata
Published: February 2021

Este artigo trata da Cristandade latina pós-Reforma e das medidas tomadas pela Igreja através dos cânones do IV Concílio de Latrão (1215), que estabelece não somente uma nova forma de lidar com o pecado, mas também procura definir a figura diabólica. Além disto, é abordado o surgimento, neste contexto, dos Frades Pregadores, que se notabilizam pela reformulação da pregação e por sua inserção nas cidades. Novas formulações doutrinárias e práticas religiosas se estabelecem, dando destaque à atuação do Diabo e às formas de combate-lo. A Ordem Dominicana, nesse sentido, possui um papel central no combate ao mal. Pregadores, confessores e inquisidores, aos Dominicanos cabe alertar, ensinar, combater os demônios e punir os desvios.
Iconography of the Dormition of the Virgin in the 10 th to 12 th Centuries
Authors: Salvador González José María
Published: February 2021

This article seeks to highlight whether and to what extent the medieval iconography of the Dormition of the Virgin reflects the central or peripheral details of three apocryphal texts whose authors are Pseudo-John the Theologian, Archbishop John of Thessaloniki and Pseudo-Joseph of Arimathea. To do this, we will put in direct relation the narrative details of these three apocryphal legends with the characters, gestures, actions and circumstances set forth in the Byzantine and Western representations of this iconographic motif over the 10 th -12 th centuries.
La educación del siglo XXI basada en competencias, fomento de valores y desarrollo de la dimensión afectiva
Authors: Mendieta Vargas María Antonieta
Published: February 2021

El artículo que se presenta consiste en explicar la importancia de una educación basada no solo en el desarrollo de competencias profesionales, sino también en el fomento de valores y desarrollo de la dimensión afectiva para el siglo XXI. Se trata de explicar cómo la integración equilibrada de estos tres elementos contribuye en la formación integral del educando. En síntesis, se expone como debería ser la educación, que necesita la humanidad, para conseguir esa formación integral del ser humano, que conviva en paz y armonía con los demás y el entorno, sensible al sufrimiento ajeno, que contribuya de manera más eficiente en la construcción de un mundo mejor, más justo, equitativo y solidario.
TIC como estrategia de enseñanza por Docentes de Enfermería del POLISAL
Authors: López Gaitán Merilin Jamiz
Published: February 2021

La investigación integra objetivos enfocados en buscar las TIC que los docentes generalmente utilizan, y los cuales se usan como estrategia de enseñanza, además de conocer cuál es la percepción de los estudiantes en cuanto a la efectividad de las TIC como estrategias de enseñanza, y qué dificultades presentan los docentes para el uso de estas. De acuerdo a estos objetivos la investigación tiene un tipo de estudio mixto teniendo mayor predominio el enfoque cualitativo, dentro de los diseños de investigación mixta este estudio es concurrente. Ambos enfoques se analizaron de manera simultánea y por separado. Según resultados de investigación se encontró que entre más años en la carrera de Enfermería (IV y V año) tienen baja efectividad las TIC, y entre menos años de la carrera (I y II año) son altamente efectivas.  En el aula de clases y fuera de ella los docentes han aplicado las TIC como estrategia de enseñanza, así, en las casas a través del Internet, enviando las tareas por correo, o subiéndola a la plataforma virtual, los docentes comúnmente orientan a los estudiantes que realicen tareas a través de computadoras y ellos elaboran estrategias tradicionales como cuadros sinópticos, mapas mentales, resúmenes, presentaciones para exposiciones etc. También es usada por los docentes como una comunicación activa con los estudiantes a través de grupos en WhatsApp.
Estrés, estrategias de afrontamiento y experiencia académica en estudiantes universitarios en tiempos de pandemia del COVID-19. La experiencia de Nicaragua y Chile
Authors: Acevedo Mena Karen María , Amador Jiménez Dustin Ezequiel
Published: February 2021

Propósito: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el estrés, las estrategias de afrontamiento y experiencia académica de estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua (UNAN-Managua) y estudiantes de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC) durante el primer semestre del año 2020 en tiempos de pandemia del COVID-19.

Método: El estudio utilizó un enfoque cualitativo, el cual permitió describir la vivencia personal de los participantes; se utilizó un diseño fenomenológico, de corte transversal y alcance descriptivo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 16 estudiantes entre las edades de 18 y 27 años, de los cuales 8 pertenecen a la UNAN-Managua y 8 a la UC. Se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada, la cual se elaboró en base a los objetivos del estudio y las categorías de análisis.

Resultados: Los estudiantes de la UC presentaron manifestaciones de estrés de mayor gravedad que los estudiantes de la UNAN-Managua, como ansiedad, depresión e ideas de muerte. Las principales estrategias de afrontamiento ante la pandemia adoptadas por ambos grupos de participantes, a nivel individual y familiar, fueron acatar las medidas sanitarias recomendadas por las autoridades sanitarias. En el caso de Chile, se estableció un régimen de cuarentena obligatoria mientras que en Nicaragua no se establecieron restricciones de movilidad interna. 

Finalmente, las contingencias sanitarias de cada país se reflejaron en el desarrollo del primer semestre en las instituciones académicas a las que pertenecían los participantes. Los estudiantes de la UNAN-Managua recibieron clases bajo la modalidad por encuentro, en cambio, los estudiantes de la UC cursaron el semestre en línea.
Mitigation of danger to property
Authors: Strachan C. M.
Published: February 2021

Proceedings of the seminar on the social and economic effects of earthquake prediction, 12 October, 1977.
Modelling the Global Price of Oil:Is there any Role for the Oil Futures-spot Spread?
Authors: Valenti Daniele
Published: February 2021

This paper illustrates the main benefits of accounting for the oil futures-spot spread in a Structural Vector Autoregressive model of the international market for crude oil. To this end, we replace the proxy for global above-ground crude oil inventories with the spread, which is derived by Brent crude futures prices with maturity 3-months. This model can be motivated on the basis of several economic considerations. First, the spread exploits the price discovery role in the crude oil futures markets. Second, the spread-based model alongside a proper set of identifying assumptions accounts for the presence of informational frictions and it allows for the feedback effect from futures to spot markets. Finally, the inventory proxy is affected by measurement error. The dynamic response functions show a positive relationship between the spread and the real price of oil, triggered by speculative shocks to financial markets. Moreover, this study provides a clear picture of the historical dynamic of the real price of oil and the spread during some of the exogenous events in the oil markets.
Architecture of a Telemonitoring System for the Mobility of the Elderly in Wheelchairs Supported by Internet of Things Technologies as a Component of a Smart City
Authors: Edith Ochoa Guevara Nancy , Sanchez Arteta Juan , Almesiga Riaño David , Sarmiento Vargas Diego , Tunarosa Naranjo Bryan , Patricia Ochoa Guevara Sandra , Edmundo Davila Hector
Published: February 2021

Digital transformation and the entry of new technologies in industry are changing the way of mobility and production in large cities. The industrial revolution 4.0 comes hand in hand with technology and advances in this field. The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the innovations that offers the most versatility to industrial companies in the main cities as a relevant axis for supporting rural areas of the country. This Technology enables Cities to allow mobility and movement for all, regardless of their physical or mobility conditions. This chapter presents the proposal of the project “Safe mobility in conventional wheelchairs in public spaces from smart cities”, in which the creation of a prototype of coupling to wheelchairs in people with disabilities in their lower extremities is expected. Through the caterpillar traction system, to facilitate the ascending and descending of stairs safely and reliably called Wheelchair Adapter. It is intended to review two relevant elements for this type of people, such as health and mobility. The design and implementation of an Architecture of a Telemonitoring System for Older Adults in Health and Mobility in their wheelchair supported by Internet of Things Technologies (IoT) generally called RobotUp_IoT. Its purpose is to efficiently monitor both the health and wheelchair movement of older adults with disabilities in their lower extremities. Therefore, an analytical and predictive methodology is proposed with the support of the Build Information Modeling (BIM) process and the 4.0 industry in the IoT technique, in order to build a conceptual 3D model and its generation of tests for its respective implementation and implementation of this architecture. Heelchair Adapter and it is expected to incorporate the health part through Telemonitoring for seniors between 2020 and 2022 contributing to other solutions and research in this regard.
Fuzzy Multi-Attribute Decision Making (FMADM) Application on Decision Support Systems (SPK) to Diagnose a Type of Disease
Authors: Surono Sugiyarto , Sari Mustika
Published: February 2021

Fuzzy logic is widely applied to daily life with various methods. One method is fuzzy multi-attribute decision making (FMADM). FMADM is able to select the best alternative from a number of alternatives. In FMADM there is a supporting method so that the results obtained are accurate and optimal, namely the classic MADM method. One method in classic MADM is the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. The SAW method is precisely used to minimize diagnostic errors, but if a decision support system is made, the SAW method still requires a further development method, one of which is the FMADM method with its development. The purposes of this study are to describe the steps of SAW method and the development of FDM in theory, implement SAW method and the development of FDM to diagnose a type of disease and implement it in a decision support system using GUI matlab. The completion step of those two methods is through two stages, the first one will go through FMADM stage with SAW, which is weighted sum, then the output will be used as input to the FDM method based on total integral values. The result of this study is proven by patient experienced initial symptoms of high fever at a temperature of 39.5° C - 40° C, very much spots appear in rumple leed test (> 50 petheciae), bleeding gums, rarely got nausea and headache, as well as diarrhea. Accuracy for the decision support system using MAPE was obtained 93% so that the decision support system with FMADM method to diagnose the disease was feasible to use.
Key Components in the Redox-Flow Battery: Bipolar Plates and Gaskets – Different Materials and Processing Methods for Their Usage
Authors: Hickmann Thorsten , Adamek Toni , Zielinski Oliver , Derieth Thorsten
Published: February 2021

Graphite filled thermoplastic based composites are an adequate material for bipolar plates in redox flow battery applications. Unlike metals, composite plates can provide excellent resistance to the highly aggressive chemical environment at elevated temperatures in combination with an electrochemical potential in battery operation. The chapter therefore gives an overview of the most important requirements for the graphite-plastic composite material and thus also for the bipolar plates, as well as the different characterization methods of the bipolar plates. In the following, both the modern composite materials based on polypropylene (PP) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and their general properties are described with a focus on improved long-term stability. Furthermore, recycling is also considered. One section is dedicated to seals, which - as so often - are an underestimated component of redox flow batteries. In this gasket part of the chapter, the most common materials and interactions between gaskets and other stack components are presented, as well as the material properties, characterization and processing methods of the gaskets.
Coastal Water: Wisdom, Destruction, Conflicts and Contestation – A Case of Southwest Coastal Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Huq Hamidul , Huq Easher Tahmid
Published: February 2021

The coastal zone of Bangladesh is full of opportunities and vulnerabilities. Water is the central source of these opportunities and vulnerabilities. Seawater, river water, canal water, floodplain water, wetlands water, pond water is the dominant source of livelihoods of coastal people. The propel of the coastal economy is dependent on this water. But salinity alone creates vulnerability of the economy and people dependent on this water. Tidal surge, storm surge, drainage congestion, waterlogging, saline water aquaculture are the driving forces of water crises. Water crises are the unsolved issues ever despite large scale interventions. A shortage of freshwater suffers coastal people ever in regards to crop production, drinking water, health, aquaculture, and so on. Uncertainties driven by cyclones, river erosion, outsiders’ interventions-led consequences are the big challenges of the coastal zone in managing water. Coastal people are challenging, resilient, adaptive, and strong in contestations in managing water resources for their livelihoods. They exploit the opportunities using their ability of reconstruction.
Deformed Sine-Gordon Models, Solitons and Anomalous Charges
Authors: Blas Harold , F. Callisaya Hector , P.R. Campos João , M. Cerna Bibiano , Reyes Carlos
Published: February 2021

We study certain deformations of the integrable sine-Gordon model (DSG). It is found analytically and numerically several towers of infinite number of anomalous charges for soliton solutions possessing a special space–time symmetry. Moreover, it is uncovered exact conserved charges associated to two-solitons with a definite parity under space-reflection symmetry, i.e. kink-kink (odd parity) and kink-antikink (even parity) scatterings with equal and opposite velocities. Moreover, we provide a linear formulation of the modified SG model and a related tower of infinite number of exact non-local conservation laws. We back up our results with extensive numerical simulations for kink-kink, kink-antikink and breather configurations of the Bazeia et al. potential Vqw=64q2tan2w21−sinw2q2,q∈R, which contains the usual SG potential V2w=21−cos2w.
Reappraisal of Dietary Phytochemicals for Coronavirus Infection: Focus on Hesperidin and Quercetin
Authors: Bellavite Paolo
Published: February 2021

Food polyphenols constitute a large family of substances with beneficial properties in a large group of communicable and non-communicable diseases. These compounds support and improve the body’s defences against oxidative stress and are helpful in the prevention of pathologies related to metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, they exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties. This chapter draws attention to certain nutritional components such as hesperidin and quercetin, which are emerging as good candidates for a complementary beneficial effect in the case of diseases caused by viruses, including COVID-19. These nutraceuticals have a complex mechanism of action, which involves both cellular defence against oxidative stress and the modulation of inflammation, which although normally is a defence, repair and activation mechanism of the immune system, it can elude its controls and become a systemic and destructive pathology (cytokine storm, respiratory distress syndrome). Furthermore, recent in silico simulation tests suggest that both hesperidin and quercetin may interfere with SARS-CoV-2 by binding to cell receptors and the proteolytic enzymes involved in its replication. In addition to the inhibitory effects on the virus at cellular level, the two flavonoids can have indirect effects in respiratory infectious diseases as they prevent or improve metabolic and vascular comorbidities that can complicate the clinical course. This brief review focuses on biochemical and pharmacological mechanisms of action of polyphenols in the context of the revaluation of dietary approaches to the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases caused by viruses, with a special application to COVID-19.
Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of Quinones Isolated from Different Organism
Authors: Campos-Xolalpa Nimsi , Pérez-Ramos Julia , Esquivel-Campos Ana , Pérez-González Cuauhtemoc , Sánchez-Pérez Leonor , Pérez-Gutiérrez Salud
Published: February 2021

Cancer is a group of related diseases in which there is uncontrolled cell growth that spreads to the surrounding tissues and damages them. Cancer remains the disease with the leading cause of death worldwide, and incidence and mortality are increasing rapidly. The main cancer treatment is chemotherapy; however, the compounds used in this treatment have serious side effects for this reason, is necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies. Natural products are an excellent pharmacological alternative for the treatment of cancer and infections. In search of new compounds with cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity, we have found quinones that have a high pharmacological potency in the treatment of these health problems. Quinones are an aromatic system of one or diketone and are mainly isolated from plants, fungi, bacteria, and other organisms. These compounds are secondary metabolites derived from the oxidation of hydroquinones; they include benzoquinones, naphthoquinones, anthraquinones, and polyquinones. This review summarizes the activity of 152 anticancer and 30 antimicrobial quinones.
Human Herpesvirus-8–Positive Microvenular Hemangioma in POEMS Syndrome
Authors: Hudnall S. David , Chen Tiansheng , Brown Kelty , Angel Tiffany , Schwartz Mary R. , Tyring Steven K.
Published: February 2021

We report a case of POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes) syndrome in a 55-year-old African American woman in which human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) was demonstrated within rare lymphocytes in a Castleman disease lymph node biopsy and numerous endothelial cells and lymphocytes in a microvenular hemangioma skin biopsy. Initial symptoms and findings of night sweats, weight loss, anorexia, generalized lymphadenopathy, and hemangiomas improved after chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and prednisone. However, in the year following the initial diagnosis, the patient suffered from recurrent bouts of night sweats, gastroparesis, and lymphadenopathy, which required further treatment with plasmapheresis, cyclophosphamide, prednisone, and rituximab. One year later, the patient is asymptomatic but has persistent gammopathy. Although HHV-8 has previously been detected in POEMS-associated Castleman disease tissue, to our knowledge, this is the first case report in which HHV-8 has been directly demonstrated within the endothelial cells of a POEMS-associated hemangioma.
Intracranial Sinus Thrombosis in a Patient With Crohn Disease and Factor V Leiden Mutation
Authors: Maag Jennifer , Prayson Richard A.
Published: February 2021

There is a well-known risk of thrombosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Documented cases of intracranial sinus thrombosis in this setting are rare. We present the case of a 30-year-old man with Crohn disease who spontaneously developed a superior sagittal sinus thrombosis and bifrontal infarcts that resulted in death. The patient was heterozygous for factor V Leiden mutation. The literature was searched to assess the frequency of cerebral venous infarcts in inflammatory bowel disease and the role that factor V Leiden plays in thrombosis in such patients.
Using 4-Color Flow Cytometry to Identify Abnormal Myeloid Populations
Authors: Kussick Steven J. , Wood Brent L.
Published: February 2021

Context.—The diagnosis of myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) has historically relied on combining clinical information with the morphologic features of the peripheral blood and bone marrow to reach a final diagnosis. Objective evidence of a myeloid stem cell neoplasm in the form of a clonal cytogenetic abnormality is provided in only 30% to 40% of the non-chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) chronic MPDs (non-CML MPDs) and in a similar percentage of the MDSs.

Objective.—To identify normal patterns of antigen expression during myeloid maturation and to determine whether flow cytometric evaluation of myeloid maturation represents an additional objective way to assess the likelihood of a stem cell neoplasm.

Design.—We retrospectively evaluated 4-color flow cytometry data from more than 400 bone marrow aspirates obtained since 1998 from patients suspected of having a non-CML MPD or an MDS.

Results.—Reproducible patterns of antigen expression were seen in normal myeloid maturation as well as in benign reactive settings such as marrow regeneration. In addition, we summarize data, presented in detail elsewhere, from a retrospective comparison of the sensitivity of flow cytometry with conventional cytogenetics for a large number of bone marrow aspirates on which both types of studies were performed. These data indicate that more than 90% of non-CML MPD and MDS cases with a clonal cytogenetic abnormality will be identified as abnormal by 4-color flow cytometry, and they therefore validate the use of flow cytometry in the diagnosis of these disorders.

Conclusions.—In experienced laboratories, 4-color flow cytometry represents a valuable addition to the workup of non-CML MPDs and MDSs.