bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smartphone como herramienta de enseñanza-aprendizaje en Educación Superior en Nicaragua
Authors: López-Noguero Fernando , Romero-Díaz Tonys , Gallardo-López José Alberto
Published: December 2022

El progreso de la tecnología aplicada al campo de la educación está permitiendo su integración en el desarrollo de actividades académicas de Educación Superior, concretamente la telefonía móvil inteligente o Smartphone se está posicionando como una herramienta tecnológica con un gran potencial educativo. En esta investigación, se presenta un análisis descriptivo de la percepción que tienen 525 estudiantes universitarios de tres Facultades Regionales Multidisciplinares de la UNAN-Managua (Nicaragua) sobre la importancia, el conocimiento y el uso de los Smartphones en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, los beneficios y dificultades de la introducción de estos dispositivos tecnológicos como herramientas de utilidad en contextos de Educación Superior, así como cuestiones relacionadas con necesidades formativas al respecto. La metodología de investigación es cuantitativa y para la recogida de datos se ha utilizado una versión corta del instrumento "Smartphone and University Questionnaire. Student Perspective. SUQS". Entre los principales resultados destacan que la mayoría de estudiantes participantes en este estudio indican haber experimentado algún tipo de práctica educativa donde el docente ha introducido de manera didáctica el Smartphone en clase, concediendo una importancia relevante al uso del Smartphone para diversas actividades académicas, valorando positivamente que el profesorado utilice este dispositivo durante el desarrollo de su docencia y reclamando formación para la mejora de competencias en este ámbito. En cualquier caso, existen diferencias significativas en los resultados obtenidos entre estudiantes de las tres Facultades en diferentes ítems, así como entre alumnos de diferentes carreras o teniendo en cuenta su lugar de procedencia.
ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ СИСТЕМЫ ФОНЕТИЧЕСКОЙ ТРАНСКРИПЦИИ В OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY (OED)
Authors:   Ивановский государственный химико-технологический университет, Иванова Наталья Кирилловна , Кузьмина Римма Владимировна
Published: December 2022

В статье на материале трёх изданий авторитетного Oxford English Dictionary рассматриваются некоторые эволюционные черты системы представления произношения в этом толковом словаре. Словарь за последние годы приобрёл чрезвычайную популярность после появления онлайн-издания. Подробно обсуждается традиционная и новая система транскрипции, применяемая в различных изданиях словаря, анализируется расширение объёма фонетической информации с учётом вариантности и вариативности произношения в современном английском языке, в его различных национальных и региональных вариантах. В свете оригинальной концепции фонетических редакторов словаря кратко описываются принятые ими подходы к трактовке терминов Received Pronunciation и General American, а также отражение принципов нормативности и подвижности нормы в электронном издании словаря. Делается вывод о незаменимости данного словаря в настоящее время для изучения динамики произношения и изменения написания слов под влиянием фонетических трансформаций.
О ЗАМЕЧАТЕЛЬНОМ ПРОФЕССОРЕ ЛИИ ВАСИЛЬЕВНЕ БОНДАРКО
Authors:   Университет Келания, Шри Ланка, Сирисена Хеманта
Published: December 2022

В статье приводятся воспоминания о профессоре Л.В. Бондарко, как о наставнике, научном руководителе и человеке на основании личного опыта общения с этой выдающейся личностью.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ КОДИФИКАЦИИ ПРОИЗНОСИТЕЛЬНОЙ НОРМЫ В НЕМЕЦКИХ ОРФОЭПИЧЕСКИХ СЛОВАРЯХ
Authors:   Ивановский государственный химико-технологический университет, Лобанова Ирина Владимировна
Published: December 2022

В статье изложены некоторые языковые концепции известных ученых- лингвистов относительно определения литературного языка, соотношения языковой нормы и ее варьирования, взаимодействия орфоэпической и орфографической нормы. Отмечается, что орфоэпический словарь немецкого языка представляет собой фундаментальный труд научной нормализаторской деятельности немецких фонетистов. Представлены произносительные тенденции нормализации немецкого литературного языка, формировавшиеся в течение XVIII - XXI вв.Подчеркивается важность сведения до минимума противоречий регистрации немецкой орфоэпической нормы с учетом социолингвистических реалий.
Socio-materielle sammenfiltringer med legekvaliteter i playlab
Authors: Schrøder Vibeke , Jørgensen Helle Hovgaard , Skovbjerg Helle Marie
Published: December 2022

I 2019 er der blevet etableret playlabs på alle danske lærer- og pædagoguddannelser, men få studier har undersøgt, hvordan rummets og materialernes betydning bidrager til at skabe læreprocesser med legekvaliteter i videregående uddannelse. Denne artikel undersøger derfor, hvordan rum, materialer og legende læreprocesser praktiseres og sammenfiltres i playlab.  Vi iværksætter et post-humanistisk socio-materielt perspektiv og anvender begreber om sammenkastethed, sammenfiltring og scripting/descripting af rum, materialer og mennesker. Gennem kvalitative metoder, designundersøgelser og situationsanalyser viser vi, hvordan forskellige materialiteter træder frem og udfoldes som henholdsvis synlige, usynlige og foranderlige, og at det legende ligeledes kan optræde synligt og usynligt. Når praktiseringen af legende læreprocesser undersøges gennem disse socio-materielle perspektiver kan vi tydeliggøre hvordan læreprocesser med legekvaliteter opstår og praktiseres i et playlab, der til stadighed scriptes og descriptes i en sammenkastethed, hvor rum, materialer og legende læreprocesser sammenfiltres og kan skabe et aktivt læringsrum.
Carrasco Conde, Ana. Decir el mal, Madrid: Galaxia Gutenberg, 2022.
Authors: García Cívico Jesús
Published: December 2022

Recensión del libro Carrasco Conde, Ana. Decir el mal, Madrid: Galaxia Gutenberg, 2022.
‘In a quality land’
Authors: Rosales Andrea
Published: December 2022

Marc-Uwe Kling ha escrito QualityLand (2017), una novela que no solo es un best seller, sino que además analiza de forma divertida los retos de la digitalización de la sociedad y está teniendo más impacto que cualquier texto académico. La novela es una distopia más sobre qué puede pasar si las tecnologías digitales que conocemos hoy en día siguen avanzando por donde van. Muy en la línea de otras novelas distópicas sobre tecnología, como El Círculo (Eggers, 2017) o Clara y el sol (Ishiguro, 2021).
CAGE-18-3 Cruise to the Barents Sea, Storfjorden Trough, East Greenland Ridge (Leg 1, 2), Arctic Ocean Vestnesa Ridge, and PKF, (Leg 3)
Authors: Rasmussen Tine L. , Nielsen Tove , Ofstad Siri , Åström Emmelie , El bani Altuna Naima , Laier Troels , Sen Arunima , Chitkara Cheshtaa , Frolova Anastasiia , Mamadzhanian Anna
Published: December 2022

From the evening of June 29th to the evening of July 10th 2018, CAGE at the Department of Geology Uit, the Arctic University of Norway, arranged a scientific cruise aimed at investigating methane seep sites by surface sediment sampling, sediment core sampling, plankton sampling and water sampling. The areas for investigation were the Barents Sea (Crater area), Storfjorden Trough (Pingo area),East Greenland Ridge (non-seep, for IODP-proposal) (Leg 1 and 2) and the western Svalbard margin, Vestnesa Ridge, Arctic Ocean and Prins Karls Forland (Leg 3) on R/V “Helmer Hanssen”. The scientific sampling was done within the framework of several ongoing projects at the Department of Geology, University of Tromsø: “CAGE -Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate”-WP6: “Methane Release, Ocean Acidification and CO2” hereunder ocean acidification impact on marine calcifiers (planktic foraminifera and pteropods, methane seeping impact on ocean acidification and productivity, the state of the inorganic and organic biological pump from foraminifera, bottom water temperature change and impact on release of methane, living benthic microfauna studies from seep sites for geochemical investigations for calibrations for paleostudies.
A total of 15 gravity cores (c. 60 m),and 31 CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) casts were performed, 11 plankton net (no. 12 failed because the net was torn completely), 22 boxcore samples x 6 surface samples for each. A total of 137 lines of acoustics and seismics together were performed.
Chirp profiles and multi-beam lines were acquired during transits and in surveys mapping of new seep sites northeast of “Crater” area, seep sites in Storfjorden Trough, East Greenland Ridge, seeps in Hinlopen trough and Norske Banken, the east slope of Yermak Plateau, active and inactive pockmarks at Vestnesa Ridge and a small patch off PKF for WP4.
All acoustic and seismic investigations were performed with soft-start of all instruments (Echo-sounders, deep-penetrating echosounder (‘Chirp’), Multi-beam echosounder and mini-air gun).
The cruise may be known as: CAGE18_3_leg1                                                     CAGE18_3_leg2                                                     CAGE18_3_leg3
Association between the CASC16 rs4784227 polymorphism and breast cancer risk and prognosis in a northeast Chinese Han population
Authors: Zhang Yue , Kou Changgui , Jia Lin , Gao Yangyang , Li Xin , Wu Hao , Chen Naifei , Lv Zheng
Published: December 2022

Background

Breast cancer (BC) poses a serious threat to women worldwide. This research was designed to explore the association between the rs4784227 polymorphism of cancer susceptibility candidate gene 16 (CASC16) and BC susceptibility and prognosis, aiming to provide further information for the early detection of BC and to accelerate comprehensive cancer management.

Methods

A total of 1,733 subjects were recruited for this case-control study, of which 828 are BC patients and 905 are healthy individuals. The relevance between SNP rs4784227 and BC risk in diverse genetic models was analyzed by using the SNPStats analysis program and was assessed by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the binary logistic regression model. Pearson’s χ2 test was used to determine the correlation between the polymorphism and clinical characteristics of BC patients. Additionally, univariate survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, and multivariate survival analysis was performed by Cox regression.

Results

SNP rs4784227 was significantly associated with susceptibility to BC in the dominant model (CT/TT versus CC, OR = 1.237, 95% CI = 1.012–1.513, P = 0.038). The minor allele of SNP rs4784227 was significantly linked to an increased risk of BC (OR = 1.197, 95% CI = 1.022–1.401, P = 0.026). In addition, the rs4784227 polymorphism of CASC16 was associated with perineural invasion (P = 0.030), menstrual status (P = 0.016) and histological grade (P = 0.001, P = 0.003, P = 0.025; respectively) of BC patients. There was no significant association between the genotypes of rs4784227 and disease-free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS) of breast cancer patients (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

The rs4784227 polymorphism of CASC16 may affect susceptibility to breast cancer and is associated with perineural invasion, menstrual status and histological grade in BC patients. Additionally, our results could not confirm that this polymorphism was related to breast cancer prognosis.
Ethanolic extract of Ya-nang (Tiliacora triandra) leaf powder induces apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines via induction of hyperacetylation and inhibition of growth signaling
Authors: Samankul Arunta , Senawong Gulsiri , Swatsitang Prasan , Sripa Banchob , Phaosiri Chanokbhorn , Kanokmedhakul Somdej , Senawong Thanaset
Published: December 2022

Objective

To develop alternative medicine for reducing undesired side effects of chemotherapy in CCA patients, the anticancer activity of Tiliacora triandra leaf powder ethanolic (TLPE) extract against cholangiocarcinoma cell lines was investigated.

Methods

Antiproliferation was studied using the MTT assay while apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest were analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of key proteins and phenolic acid content were analyzed by western blotting and reversed-phase HPLC, respectively.

Results

TLPE extract inhibited CCA cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 7.86 ± 0.05 µg/ml for KKU-M213B cells and 8.59 ± 0.36 µg/ml for KKU-100 cells at an exposure time of 72 h. TLPE extract inhibited the growth of CCA cell lines by inducing apoptosis of both cell lines and causing an increased population of KKU-100 cells at G0/G1 phase. TLPE extract up-regulated Ac-H3 but down-regulated p-ERK, p53, Bax, CDK4 and Bcl2 expressions in KKU-M213B cells. TLPE extract up-regulated Ac-H3, p21 and Bax but down-regulated p-ERK, p53, CDK4 and Bcl2 expressions in KKU-100 cells. Additionally, phenolic acids including p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapinic acids were identified.

Conclusion

These results suggest the possibility of developing T. triandra leaf powder ethanolic extract as a chemotherapeutic or chemoprevention agent for cholangiocarcinoma.
Non-random host tree infestation by the Neotropical liana Marcgravia longifolia
Authors: Heymann Eckhard W. , Thiel Sarina , Paciência Filipa , Rimachi Taricuarima Milagros N. , Zárate Gómez Ricardo , Shahuano Tello Ney , Heer Katrin , Sennhenn-Reulen Holger , Mundry Roger
Published: December 2022

The question whether or not tropical lianas infest host trees randomly or they exert host selection has implications for the structure and dynamics of tropical rainforests, particularly if colonization by lianas impacts host fitness. In this study, we present evidence that the Neotropical liana Marcgravia longifolia (Marcgraviaceae) infests host trees non-randomly. We identified host trees to species or genus level for 87 of the 100 M. longifolia individuals found in the study area of the Estación Biológica Quebrada Blanco (EBQB) in north-eastern Peruvian Amazonia. Data on host availability were taken from two 1-ha plots sampled at EBQB as part of a large-scale tree inventory in western Amazonia. Of the total of 88 tree genera with two or more individuals present in the inventory, 18 were represented amongst hosts. Host genera with a probability of colonization higher than expected by chance were Eschweilera (Lecythidaceae), Pouteria (Sapotaceae), Brosimum (Moraceae), and Hymenaea (Fabaceae). These findings suggest that M. longifolia exerts some level of host selectivity, but the mechanisms for this are completely unknown. Given the large number of animal species (41 bird species, three primate species) that are dispersing the seeds of M. longifolia and that have diverse ecological strategies, directed seed dispersal is unlikely to account for the observed patterns of host infestation.
So-Called Preterite Prefix Conjugation in the Aramaic of the Bible and Qumran
Authors: Daniel Andrew Glen
Published: December 2022

The Aramaic of the Bible and Qumran, unlike Imperial Aramaic, possesses a unique prefix conjugation that functions as a narrative tense. Aramaists have appealed to various notions of tense, aspect, text-linguistics, and even Hebrew and Akkadian influence to solve the conundrum of the so-called preterite prefix conjugation. A novel proposal is offered here, based on the semantic category of modality. By beginning with future functions of the prefix conjugation and working backward through the present temporal sphere to occurrences in the past, it is argued that modality accounts for the full range of the prefix conjugation’s syntactic functions, even those in independent narrative clauses. Thus, a unified theory of the form’s semantics emerges.
Toward a Sunni Consensus on the Rightly Guided Caliphs
Authors: Su I-Wen
Published: December 2022

This article studies how the ʿUthmānī position endorsing the first three caliphs, which was embraced by the majority of the ahl al-ḥadīth in the first two centuries of Islam, came to be replaced by the four-caliph thesis. It examines variations in the narrations of different chains of transmission of Ibn ʿUmar’s tradition in relation to the geographical affiliation and movements of the transmitters active in the late eighth and early ninth centuries. The analysis suggests that Ibn ʿUmar’s tradition was present in two versions at the turn of the ninth century, circulated in Iraqi cities and non-Iraqi cities respectively. Through its investigation, this study substantiates the current narrative on early ahl al-ḥadīth attitudes toward the first four caliphs and offers more insights that help explain why the ʿUthmānī hadith narrators failed to perpetuate their ideas.
Against Ptolemy?
Authors: Anchassi Omar
Published: December 2022

This article explores how mutakallimūn engaged with competing visions of the cosmos—traditionalist and Aristotelian-Ptolemaic—to the beginning of the sixth/ twelfth century. Drawing on works of kalām, Quran commentary, and items from other genres, I demonstrate that rationalist theologians remained divided on such questions as the shape of the earth to the end of this period. These disagreements, moreover, cannot be explained in terms of school affiliation. Based on a comprehensive examination of published sources, I argue that cosmographical opinion among mutakallimūn was a function of exposure to late ancient learning, intellectual formation, and personal inclination more than doctrinal commitment.
Violence, Vigilantism, and Virtue
Authors: Granger Kelsey
Published: December 2022

While less common than narratives about their male counterparts, accounts of female avengers are scattered throughout Chinese literature and historiography. Nevertheless, despite being included in a variety of genres and modes of writing, the extant corpus of Tang and pre-Tang female avengers appear to share remarkably similar tropes, tensions, and outcomes. In this article, I will explore how three tensions are apparent across Tang and pre-Tang female avenger accounts through the case study of narratives about Xie Xiao’e 謝小娥, a woman who seeks revenge after her father and husband are killed by bandits. Supernatural elements, cross-dressing, and judicial proceedings all seek to reduce the power and autonomy of the heroine, presenting us with a fascinating and rich example of the limits of revenge. It has been previously assumed that this is the sole example of a female avenger account preserved in two modes of writing, but this is not the case. A detailed comparison of the versions relating to Xie Xiao’e will act as a springboard to recategorize the corpus of female avenger accounts and in turn more amply reveal the variety of methods used to curtail, control, and Confucianize these women.
Review of The Translator of Desires: Poems by Muhyiddin Ibn ʿArabi. Translated by Michael Sells
Authors: Zargar Cyrus Ali
Published: December 2022

The Translator of Desires: Poems by Muhyiddin Ibn ʿArabi. Translated by Michael Sells. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2021. Pp. xxxviii +323. $24.95 (paper).
Front Matter
Authors: Editors
Published: December 2022

Table of Contents
Review of Alphabet Scribes in the Land of Cuneiform: Sēpiru Professionals in Mesopotamia in the Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid Periods. By Yigal Bloch
Authors: Safford Jan
Published: December 2022

Alphabet Scribes in the Land of Cuneiform: Sēpiru Professionals in Mesopotamia in the Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid Periods. By Yigal Bloch. Gorgias Studies in the Ancient Near East, vol. 11. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2018. Pp. xv + 497. $99.
Review of Glazed Brick Decoration in the Ancient Near East: Proceedings of a Workshop at the 11th International Congress of the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East (Munich) in April 2018. Edited by Anja Fügert and Helen Gries
Authors: Albenda Pauline
Published: December 2022

Glazed Brick Decoration in the Ancient Near East: Proceedings of a Workshop at the 11th International Congress of the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East (Munich) in April 2018. Edited by Anja Fügert and Helen Gries. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2020. Pp. iii + 122, illus. £30.
Review of Hittite Local Cults . By Michele Cammarosano
Authors: Leonard Timothy D.
Published: December 2022

Hittite Local Cults . By Michele Cammarosano. Writings from the Ancient World, vol. 39. Atlanta: SBL Press, 2018. Pp. xxv + 510, illus. $69.95 (paper).
Review of Arabic Historical Dialectology: Linguistic and Sociolinguistic Approaches. Edited by Clive Holes
Authors: Magidow Alexander
Published: December 2022

Arabic Historical Dialectology: Linguistic and Sociolinguistic Approaches. Edited by Clive Holes. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. xix + 422. $115, £84.
Review of Krishna’s Lineage: The Harivamsha of Vyāsa’s Mahābhārata. Translated from the Sanskrit by Simon Brodbeck
Authors: Coleman Tracy
Published: December 2022

Krishna’s Lineage: The Harivamsha of Vyāsa’s Mahābhārata. Translated from the Sanskrit by Simon Brodbeck. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019. Pp. xxxx + 420. $99 (cloth), $29.95 (paper).
Review of Winged Stallions and Wicked Mares: Horses in Indian Myth and History. By Wendy Doniger
Authors: Sojkova Barbora
Published: December 2022

Winged Stallions and Wicked Mares: Horses in Indian Myth and History. By Wendy Doniger. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2021. Pp. 300. $35.
Review of Shen Gua’s Empiricism. By Ya Zuo
Authors: Rao Xiao
Published: December 2022

Shen Gua’s Empiricism. By Ya Zuo. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2018 . Pp. xiii + 333. $49.95.
Accès au programme d’intervention comportementale intensive (ICI) pour les jeunes enfants autistes au Québec et inégalités sociales de santé
Authors: Luyindula Patrick , Rivières-Pigeon Catherine Des
Published: December 2022

La forte demande d’intervention comportementale intensive (ICI) en autisme, s’associant à des ressources publiques limitées au Québec, donne lieu à une sélection des bénéficiaires de services. Nous abordons dans cet article les enjeux d’une justice sociale en analysant la durée d’attente de service et l’accès au programme pour 715 demandeurs de service âgés de 0 à 5 ans. Les résultats démontrent qu’il y a un lien significatif entre, d’une part, l’âge de l’enfant au moment de la demande, la source de revenu/langue d’usage des parents, ainsi que la durée d’attente de services, et, d’autre part, entre l’âge de l’enfant et l’accès aux services. Les enfants plus âgés sont proportionnellement plus nombreux à attendre longtemps avant d’accéder aux services (p < 0,0001), et aussi plus nombreux à ne pas accéder aux services (p < 0,0001). Les enfants dont les parents n’ont pas de revenu d’emploi (p = 0,010) ou possèdent une langue d’usage autre que le français (p = 0,006) débutent plus rapidement les services. Ces résultats orientent vers l’implication des déterminants sociaux dans l’accès sélectif aux programmes d’ICI.
Effect of Digital Marketing, Influencer Marketing and Online Customer Review on Purchase Decision: A Case Study of Cake Shop "Lu’miere"
Authors: Anggoro Wilis Ratih , Faik Ali
Published: December 2022

Lu'Miere is a brand of cake shop owned by Anang Hermansyah and Ashanty. Located in Pondok Indah Jakarta, this cake shop has succeeded in attracting many cake lovers. Moreover, this store offers an interesting variety of menus and provides a unique atmosphere. This study aims to examine the effect of Digital Marketing, Influencer Marketing, and Online Customer Reviews on purchase decisions from customers of Lu'Miere. The objects used in this study are the Lu'Miere's Customers. Analysis of the data used in this study begins with direct observation and exploration to develop a conceptual framework for the study, then distributing questionnaires to 101 respondents from the customer of Lu'Miere. The results showed that Digital Marketing, Influencer Marketing, and Online Customer Review significantly affect purchasing decisions. The R2 value of 0.585 means that the percentage of the influence of digital marketing, influencer marketing, and online customer review on purchasing decisions is 58.5%. At the same time, the rest is influenced by other variables that are not included in this model.
The Prevalence of Obesity Among Children With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cioana Milena , Deng Jiawen , Nadarajah Ajantha , Hou Maggie , Qiu Yuan , Chen Sondra Song Jie , Rivas Angelica , Banfield Laura , Toor Parm Pal , Zhou Fangwen , Guven Ayla , Alfaraidi Haifa , Alotaibi Ahlam , Thabane Lehana , Samaan M. Constantine
Published: December 2022

Importance

The childhood obesity epidemic is presumed to drive pediatric type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the global scale of obesity in children with T2D is unknown.

Objectives

To evaluate the global prevalence of obesity in pediatric T2D, examine the association of sex and race with obesity risk, and assess the association of obesity with glycemic control and dyslipidemia.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from database inception to June 16, 2022.

Study Selection

Observational studies with at least 10 participants reporting the prevalence of obesity in patients with pediatric T2D were included.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Following the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guideline, 2 independent reviewers in teams performed data extraction and risk of bias and level of evidence analyses. The meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes included the pooled prevalence rates of obesity in children with T2D. The secondary outcomes assessed pooled prevalence rates by sex and race and associations between obesity and glycemic control and dyslipidemia.

Results

Of 57 articles included in the systematic review, 53 articles, with 8942 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of obesity among pediatric patients with T2D was 75.27% (95% CI, 70.47%-79.78%), and the prevalence of obesity at diabetes diagnosis among 4688 participants was 77.24% (95% CI, 70.55%-83.34%). While male participants had higher odds of obesity than female participants (odds ratio, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.33-3.31), Asian participants had the lowest prevalence of obesity (64.50%; 95% CI, 53.28%-74.99%), and White participants had the highest prevalence of obesity (89.86%; 95% CI, 71.50%-99.74%) compared with other racial groups. High heterogeneity across studies and varying degrees of glycemic control and dyslipidemia were noted.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that obesity is not a universal phenotype in children with T2D. Further studies are needed to consider the role of obesity and other mechanisms in diabetes genesis in this population.
Expansile Sphenoid Mycetoma Presenting With Headache and Galactorrhea
Authors: Rogers G. Aaron
Published: December 2022

This case report describes an immunocompetent woman in her 30s with daily vertex headaches over 13 months duration who developed spontaneous galactorrhea and was diagnosed with noninvasive fungal sinusitis.
Sudden Hearing Loss Following Vaccination Against COVID-19
Authors: Nieminen Tuomo A. , Kivekäs Ilkka , Artama Miia , Nohynek Hanna , Kujansivu Jarno , Hovi Petteri
Published: December 2022

Importance

Spontaneous adverse reaction reports of sudden hearing loss have been observed, and a population-based cohort study conducted in Israel showed an increase in the incidence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) following vaccination with messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech). However, in this setting, the possibility of confounding remained.

Objective

To assess a potential association between COVID-19 vaccinations and SSNHL.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This register-based country-wide retrospective cohort study of 5.5 million Finnish residents was conducted from January 1, 2019, to April 20, 2022, and included all individuals who were identified from the population information system who were alive or born during the study period except individuals who had SSNHL during 2015 to 2018 according to specialized care derived diagnosis codes for SSNHL (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision [ICD-10] code H91.2) as a primary or secondary diagnosis.

Exposures

The a priori primary risk period was 0 to 54 days following each COVID-19 vaccination. The risk periods for different vaccine doses did not overlap so that a later vaccine exposure ended the previous risk period. The secondary risk period was from 55 days following each COVID-19 vaccination until a subsequent COVID-19 vaccination. A secondary analysis included a risk time from 0 to 54 days following a positive polymerase chain reaction test result for SARS-CoV-2.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The incidences of SSNHL following COVID-19 vaccination were compared with the incidences before the COVID-19 epidemic in Finland. The Poisson regression model included calendar time, age, sex, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, other chronic diseases, and the number of visits in primary health care.

Results

For the 5.5 million Finnish residents included in the study, the comparison time comprised 6.5 million person-years, the primary risk time of 1.7 million person-years, and the secondary risk time of 2.1 million person-years. Before the COVID-19 epidemic in Finland, 18.7/100 000 people received a diagnosis of SSNHL annually. The study data suggested no increased risk for SSNHL following any COVID-19 vaccination. In particular, adjusted incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals for the BNT162b2 vaccine’s 3 doses were 0.8 (95% CI, 0.6-1.0), 0.9 (95% CI, 0.6-1.2), and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.7-1.4), respectively. There was no association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and an increased incidence of SSNHL.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this cohort study show no evidence of an increased risk of SSNHL following COVID-19 vaccination. The study accounted for previous disease and other potential confounding factors. These results are based on diagnosis codes in specialized care but still need to be verified in settings that are capable of evaluating the degree of hearing loss.
Unorthodox regulation of the MglA Ras‐like GTPase controlling polarity in Myxococcus xanthus
Authors: Dinet Céline , Mignot Tâm
Published: December 2022

Motile cells have developed a large array of molecular machineries to actively change their direction of movement in response to spatial cues from their environment. In this process, small GTPases act as molecular switches and work in tandem with regulators and sensors of their guanine nucleotide status (GAP, GEF, GDI and effectors) to dynamically polarize the cell and regulate its motility. In this review, we focus on Myxococcus xanthus as a model organism to elucidate the function of an atypical small Ras GTPase system in the control of directed cell motility. M. xanthus cells direct their motility by reversing their direction of movement through a mechanism involving the redirection of the motility apparatus to the opposite cell pole. The reversal frequency of moving M. xanthus cells is controlled by modular and interconnected protein networks linking the chemosensory‐like frizzy (Frz) pathway – that transmits environmental signals – to the downstream Ras‐like Mgl polarity control system – that comprises the Ras‐like MglA GTPase protein and its regulators. Here, we discuss how variations in the GTPase interactome landscape underlie single‐cell decisions and consequently, multicellular patterns.
False memory, attentional bias and future thinking among people living with HIV with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Mashayekhi Sepideh , Moradi AliReza , Mirabolfathi Vida , Hasani Jafar , Farahimanesh Sharareh , Jobson Laura
Published: December 2022

People living with HIV can experience posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Complex relationships exist between HIV, PTSD and cognitive impairments. This cross‐sectional study compared three cognitive impairments (false memory, attentional bias, deficits in future thinking) among people living with HIV with and without PTSD in Iran. People living with HIV with PTSD (n = 20) and without PTSD (n = 20) completed measures of psychological symptomatology, dot‐probe task, Deese Roediger McDermott paradigm and future thinking task at Razavi Khorasan Health Center. The PTSD group, when compared to the non‐PTSD group, recognised a significantly greater number of false memories (p < .001; η2 = .58), had an attentional bias toward threat‐related words (p < .001; η2 = .35) and imagined fewer specific future events (p < .001; η2 = .31). People living with HIV with PTSD may have difficulties with false memory, attentional biases, and generating future events. Since psychological treatments are limited in Iran, this research highlighted some potential cognitive targets for people living with HIV.
Electrically and Thermally Controllable Visible‐to‐Near‐Infrared Light Trapping Smart Window with Tunable Optical States
Authors: Puguan John Marc C. , Rathod Pramod V. , Kim Hern
Published: December 2022

In this work, active viologen anchored on poly(2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PiPO) segments spaced with triazole‐bearing oxyethylene chain (POEm‐PiPO‐HPV) molecule is discovered to be an effective single‐component dual‐band chromic material. Unlike most reported materials of this type, POEm‐PiPO‐HPV not only is electrochromic but thermochromic as well, showing optical switching from clear to hazy at ≈55–59 °C as a result of phase transformation when triggered by heat attaining >60% optical contrast (ΔT) both in the visible and near infrared (NIR) range. Likewise, >75% ΔT is achieved when switched from clear state to colored state at an applied potential (≈0.45–2.9 V). Each distinct mode of chromism uniquely and autonomously modulates visible and NIR light. Multiple color states—hazy, burgundy, brown, dark purple, and royal blue—are also displayed when the spacer length is modified and when the counteranions undergo metathesis. A coloration speed of 25 s resulting in purple color and a bleaching speed of 11 s are attained by PiPO with hepta‐oxyethylene chain and hexafluorophosphate anion (POE7‐PiPO‐HPV‐PF6) with a coloration efficiency of 295.0 cm2 C−1 and cyclic stability of >200 cycles.
Ultra‐High‐Resolution Perovskite Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Mao Chaomin , Ju Songman , Zheng Jinping , Zheng Yueting , Xu Zhongwei , Lin Lihua , Hu Hailong , Yang Kaiyu , Guo Tailiang , Li Fushan
Published: December 2022

Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have been widely used to realize light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with high color purity, efficiency, and wide color gamut. Due to the demand for huge amount of display information, development on high‐resolution PQD LEDs (PQLEDs) with massive pixel density are highly desired. Herein, high‐resolution PQLEDs are fabricated by using nanoimprint technique. By preparing a honeycomb‐insulating polymer polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film, the high‐resolution pixelated quantum dot emissive layer is formed. In addition, the leakage current of the device is significantly reduced because the direct contact between electron transport layer and hole transport layer is avoided. The PQLEDs based on nanoimprint technology show a resolution of 9072 pixels per inch (PPI), and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) and brightness of 7.81% and 146 400 cd m−2, respectively. The results demonstrate that high‐resolution PQLEDs can be realized by using nanoimprint technology, holding great commercial potential for next‐generation near‐eye displays.
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Scintillators Based on Mononuclear Copper(I) Halide Complexes for High‐Resolution X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Liu Xiangmei , Jiang Yangyang , Li Feiyang , Xu Xueli , Li Ruhua , Zhu Wenjuan , Ni Jingfei , Ding Chengbo , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang
Published: December 2022

Scintillators have attracted tremendous attention due to their great potential in radiation detection, industrial non‐destructive testing, and medical theranostic applications. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) based scintillators can simultaneously harvest radiation‐induced singlet and triplet excitons for high‐efficient X‐ray excited luminescence. However, pure organic TADF materials composed of light elements exhibit low X‐ray absorption coefficients, resulting in relatively weak X‐ray excited luminescence. Herein, a series of novel high‐performance X‐ray scintillators based on TADF mononuclear Cu(I)‐halide complexes are successfully developed. Together with high X‐ray absorption coefficient of heavy halogen elements and halide‐to‐ligand charge transfer characteristics, these TADF scintillators display excellent performance with high X‐ray relative light yields (as high as 28385 ± 1335 photons MeV−1), good linear response to X‐ray dose rate and high resistance to humidity and radiation. X‐ray imaging tests show that a relatively high spatial resolution of 9.8 lp/mm is realized based on their flexible scintillator films. These features suggest that it is a promising strategy to realize strong X‐ray excited luminescence by incorporating heavy halogen elements in TADF materials, providing more possibilities for exploring new low‐cost and high‐performance scintillators.
A Theoretical Model for Phagocytic Capacity of Phagocytes
Authors: Guan Jingjiao
Published: December 2022

This work seeks to establish a theoretical model that links phagocytic capacity of phagocytes with geometries of phagocytes and phagocytic objects. The model is applied to four different types of phagocytic objects: a flat surface, a microsphere, a microdisk, and a population of microspheres. For the flat surface, the model assumes that a phagocyte maximizes its contact area between the flat surface and minimizes its non‐contact surface area under a constraint exerted by the volume of the phagocyte's cellular contents. For any of the other three types of objects, the model assumes that a phagocyte completely phagocytoses the object(s) by exhausting its available membrane area. It also assumes that the post‐phagocytosis phagocyte minimizes its surface area. Moreover, the volume of the phagocyte's cellular contents and the geometry of the object impose constraints on the model. For each case, two governing equations are established and combined to derive a single explicit equation with the phagocyte's phagocytic capacity as a function of other parameters. The equations are applied to experimental data for macrophages and neutrophils in the literature. Methods for extending the model and experimentally testing it are discussed.
High‐Fidelity and Low‐Cost Hyperparallel Quantum Gates for Photon Systems via Λ‐Type Systems
Authors: Du Fang‐Fang , Wu Yi‐Ming , Fan Gang , Ma Zong‐Min
Published: December 2022

Quantum gates designed with minimized resources overhead have a crucial role in quantum information processing. Here, based on the degrees of freedom (DoFs) of photons and Λ‐type atom systems, two high‐fidelity and low‐cost protocols are presented for realizing polarization‐spatial hyperparallel controlled‐not (CNOT) and Toffoli gates on photon systems with only two and four two‐qubit polarization–polarization swap (P‐P‐SWAP) gates in each DoF, respectively. Moreover, the quantum gates can be extended feasibly to construct 2m‐target‐qubit hyperparallel CNOT and 2n‐control‐qubit Toffoli gates required only 4m and 4n P‐P‐SWAP gates on ‐ and ‐photon systems, respectively, which dramatically lower the costs and bridge the divide between the theoretical lower bounds and the current optimal syntheses for the photonic quantum computing. Further, the unique auxiliary atom of these quantum gates can be regarded as a temporary quantum memory that requires no initialization and measurement, and is reused within the coherence time, as the state of the atom remains unchanged after the hyperparallel quantum computing.
Programmable 3D Hexagonal Geometry of DNA Tensegrity Triangles
Authors: Lu Brandon , Woloszyn Karol , Ohayon Yoel P. , Yang Bena , Zhang Cuizheng , Mao Chengde , Seeman Nadrian C. , Vecchioni Simon , Sha Ruojie
Published: December 2022

Non‐canonical interactions in DNA remain under‐explored in DNA nanotechnology. Recently, many structures with non‐canonical motifs have been discovered, notably a hexagonal arrangement of typically rhombohedral DNA tensegrity triangles that forms through non‐canonical sticky end interactions. Here, we find a series of mechanisms to program a hexagonal arrangement using: the sticky end sequence; triangle edge torsional stress; and crystallization condition. We showcase cross‐talking between Watson–Crick and non‐canonical sticky ends in which the ratio between the two dictates segregation by crystal forms or combination into composite crystals. Finally, we develop a method for reconfiguring the long‐range geometry of formed crystals from rhombohedral to hexagonal and vice versa. These data demonstrate fine control over non‐canonical motifs and their topological self‐assembly. This will vastly increase the programmability, functionality, and versatility of rationally designed DNA constructs.
Chemodivergent, Regio‐ and Enantioselective Cycloaddition Reactions between 1,3‐Dienes and Alkynes
Authors: Singh Dipshi , RajanBabu T. V.
Published: December 2022

Alkynes and 1,3‐dienes are among the most readily available precursors for organic synthesis. We report two distinctly different, catalyst‐dependent, modes of regio‐ and enantioselective cycloaddition reactions between these classes of compounds providing rapid access to highly functionalized 1,4‐cyclohexadienes or cyclobutenes from the same precursors. Complexes of an earth abundant metal, cobalt, with several commercially available chiral bisphosphine ligands with narrow bite angles catalyze [4+2]‐cycloadditions between a 1,3‐diene and an alkyne giving a cyclohexa‐1,4‐diene in excellent chemo‐, regio‐ and enantioselectivities. In sharp contrast, complex of a finely tuned phosphino‐oxazoline ligand promotes unique [2+2]‐cycloaddition between the alkyne and the terminal double bond of the diene giving a highly functionalized cyclobutene in excellent regio‐ and enantioselectivities.
Carboxylated CNTs‐polyvinyl fluoride based electrical film heaters with improved mechanical properties
Authors: Dayananda Hakkimakki Manjegowda , Makari Hanumanthappa Krishnappa , Sreepad Holalkere RamachandraRao
Published: December 2022

Fabrication of electrical heating nanocomposite films for joule heating applications has been a great challenge. In this study, we report a carboxylated MWCNTs‐PVDF electrical nanocomposite films fabricated by combining the thermal inversion and spray coating techniques. The as fabricated nanocomposite films were characterized in detail by using IR spectroscopy, X‐Ray Diffraction, and Field Emission‐Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM). The universal testing machine (UTM) was used to analyze the mechanical properties, and IR thermography was used to study the electrical properties. The spray deposition of increasing content of carboxylated MWCNTs from 100 to 400 mg improved the conductivity from 0.0283 to 0.856 Scm−1 and the tensile strength and % elongation at break from 1.754 MPa and 9.91% to 9.22 MPa and 9.98%. The PNC‐400 exhibited notable increase in temperature from 25°C to 152.7°C with increase of applied voltage (4–16 V). Therefore, these self‐heating Carboxylated MWCNTs/polymer nanocomposites are suitable to be applied in different joule heating areas attributing to the effective heating upon low power delivery.
N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine ameliorates gestational diabetes mellitus by inhibiting oxidative stress
Authors: Wang Pei , Ma Hehong , Hou Xiuzhen , Song Lili , Feng Miaoxiao
Published: December 2022

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnant disorder that needs careful medical attention. N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) is a well‐recognized antioxidant to treat oxidative stress‐induced diseases. Although its role in GDM has been reported, the mechanism remains largely unknown. Therefore, our current study further explored its protective role against GDM. An 8‐week‐old, db/+, female mice were injected with a single dose of 100 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Pregnant mice were randomly treated with 1200 mg/kg NAC or water daily. On gestational day 19, oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and visceral fat tissue and blood samples were collected. After delivery, litter size and weight were recorded. NAC could effectively improve GDM‐induced glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia, activated inflammation, and oxidative stress in GDM mice. Moreover, NAC reduced the litter size and weight of GDM mice. NAC also activated the nuclear factor‐erythroid factor 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) signaling pathway in the liver of GDM mice. NAC effectively ameliorated GDM symptoms and the reproductive outcome of GDM mice through inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and hyperlipidemia. Therefore, NAC might serve as a potential candidate drug against GDM.
Ultrasensitive and selective colorimetric detection of uric acid using peroxidase mimetic activity of biogenic palladium nanoparticles
Authors: Tripathi Ravi Mani , Chung Sang J.
Published: December 2022

Uric acid (2,6,8‐trihydroxypurine) is a metabolic product of purine, which is one of the important markers of human health. The development of a rapid, facile, highly sensitive, and selective method for uric acid detection is critical for the diagnosis of related diseases and is still a strategic challenge. In this study, we developed a highly sensitive and selective colorimetric assay for the detection of uric acid using biogenic palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). The synthesized nanoparticles were shown to acquire peroxidase mimetic activity that oxidized 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine and produced a blue colour in an assay. The developed colorimetric assay is instrument‐free detection of uric acid with a limit of detection of 0.05 μM and a 1.11 μM limit of quantification (LOQ). This is the first report determining the LOQ for a colorimetric assay that gives the lowest quantity of analyte that can be evaluated with more precision under the specified conditions of the analysis. The developed assay had a linear response at low uric acid concentrations of 0.05 to 1 μM and a 0.99841 linear regression correlation coefficient. This colorimetric detection provides a rapid, cost‐effective, and easy‐to‐use platform for the clinical diagnosis of uric acid biomarkers.
Cardiac troponins: Mechanisms of release and role in healthy and diseased subjects
Authors: Ragusa Rosetta , Masotti Silvia , Musetti Veronica , Rocchiccioli Silvia , Prontera Concetta , Perrone Marco , Passino Claudio , Clerico Aldo , Caselli Chiara
Published: December 2022

The cardiac troponins (cTns), cardiac troponin C (cTnC), cTnT, and cTnI are key elements of myocardial apparatus, fixed as protein complex on the thin filament of sarcomere and are involved in the regulation of excitation–contraction coupling of cardiomyocytes in the presence of Ca2+. Circulating cTnT and cTnI (cTns) increase following cardiac tissue necrosis, and they are consolidated biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the use of high sensitivity (hs)‐immunoassay tests for cTnT and cTnI has made it possible to identify a multitude of other clinical conditions associated with increased circulating levels of cTns. cTns can be measured also in the peripheral circulation of healthy subjects or athletes, suggesting that different mechanisms are involved in the release of cTns in the blood independently of cardiac cell necrosis. In this review, the molecular/cellular mechanisms involved in cTns release in blood and the exploitation of cTnI and cTnT as biomarkers of cardiac adverse events, in addition to cardiac necrosis, are discussed.