bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant Activity, Chemical Composition, and Elements of Merlot Wine Stored in Toasted Oak Barrels
Authors: Pichler Anita , Ivić Ivana , Babić Jurislav , Mesić Josip , Ćorković Ina , Marković Tanja , Kopjar Mirela
Published: December 2024

Wine ageing represents an important stage during wine production when the final wine composition is formed. In this study, 2020 and 2021 vintage Merlot red wines were subjected to 12-month ageing in a stainless-steel tank, Excellence oak barrels with medium, medium-plus and medium-long toasting, and a Premium oak barrel with medium toasting. The aim was to investigate the influence of different ageing vessels on the main chemical composition, element content, phenolic profile, antioxidant activity, and wine colour during ageing. The results showed that changes in ethanol, total sugars, pH, and density were minimal, mostly not significant. Slight changes in malic and lactic acid concentration occurred due to malolactic fermentation. Statistically, more changes that are significant occurred in the phenolic profile, and they affected the antioxidant activity of the wine. In both wine vintages, anthocyanin content decreased, followed by an increase in polymeric colour. Elements and individual phenolic compounds changed significantly, depending on vessel type, ageing time, wine vintage, and initial concentrations. The PCA biplots of the mentioned compounds showed that vessel type had a significant influence on wine composition, especially after 12 months of ageing. According to the CIELab parameters, a slight colour change occurred in both wine vintages, but this is not visible to the human eye. According to the obtained results, various changes in the phenolic profile of Merlot wine occurred during ageing, which strongly depended on the ageing vessel used, the ageing time, and the initial wine composition.
Grape Pomace as a Source of Phenolics for the Inhibition of Starch Digestion Enzymes: A Comparative Study and Standardization of the Efficacy
Authors: Sri Harsha Pedapati Siva Charan , Lavelli Vera
Published: December 2024

The increase in the incidence of hyperglycemia and diabetes poses the challenge of finding cost-effective natural inhibitors of starch digestion enzymes. Among natural compounds, phenolics have been considered as promising candidates. The aims of this study were as follows: (a) to investigate the effectiveness of the inhibition of different winemaking byproducts towards intestinal brush border α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase in vitro; (b) to calculate an efficacy index relative to the standard acarbose for the phenolic pool of winemaking byproducts, as well as for isolated phenolic compounds and for the phenolic pools of different plants studied in the literature, in order to rank winemaking byproducts with respect to the reference drug and other natural alternatives. Among winemaking byproducts, red grape skins showed the highest inhibitory activities towards both α-glucosidase and α-amylase, which were, on average, 4.9 and 2.6 µg acarbose equivalents/µg total phenolics (µg Ac eq/µg GAE), respectively. A correlation was observed between the total phenolic contents of red grape skins and their inhibitory effectiveness, which is useful for standardizing the efficacy of phenolic extracts obtained from different winemaking processes. In general, the inhibitory activity of the phenolic pool of grape skins was higher than those of isolated phenolic compounds, namely anthocyanins and monomeric and polymeric flavanols and flavonols, probably due to synergistic effects among compounds. Hence, bioactive phenolic fractions could be produced with the focus on functionality rather than purity, in line with the principles of sustainable processing. Based on the efficacy index developed to compare different phenolic compounds and phenolic-rich plants studied in the literature as starch digestion enzyme inhibitors, red grape skins proved to be cost-effective candidates.
Chlorogenic Acid: A Promising Strategy for Milk Preservation by Inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus Growth and Biofilm Formation
Authors: Yu Xiaoyan , Li Yufang , Yang Xue , He Jinze , Tang Wenhuan , Chai Yunmei , Duan Zuyan , Li Wenjie , Zhao Dan , Wang Xuefeng , Huang Aixiang , Li Hong , Shi Yanan
Published: December 2024

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyhydroxy phenolic acid, has been extensively studied for its antimicrobial properties. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) threatens food safety by forming biofilms. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of CGA against S. aureus and its biofilm. The anti-bacterial activity of CGA was assessed using crystal violet staining, TEM, SEM, a CLSM, and using metabolomics and molecular docking to elucidate the mechanism. The results indicated that the minimum inhibitory concentration of CGA against S. aureus was 2.5 mg/mL. CGA disrupts the integrity of bacterial cell membranes, leading to increased hydrophobicity, morphological changes, scattering, and reduced spreading. This disruption decreases biofilm adhesion and bacterial count. Metabolomics and molecular docking analyses revealed that CGA down-regulates key amino acids. It forms hydrogen bonds with penicillin-binding protein 4 (PBP4), Amidase, glutamate synthetase B, and glutamate synthetase A. By inhibiting amino acid metabolism, CGA prevents biofilm formation. CGA interacts with amino acids such as aspartic acid, glutamine, and glutamate through hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (-C=O) groups. This interaction reduces cell viability and biofilm cohesion. The novel findings of this study, particularly the extension of the shelf life of pasteurized milk by inhibiting S. aureus growth, highlight the potential of CGA as a promising anti-biofilm strategy and preservative in the dairy industry.
Certain Domination Parameters and Their Resolving Versions of Fractal Cubic Networks
Authors: Prabhu Savari , Arulmozhi Arumugam Krishnan , Arulperumjothi M.
Published: December 2024

Networks are designed to communicate, operate, and allocate tasks to respective commodities. Operating supercomputers became challenging, which was handled by the network design commonly known as hypercube, denoted by Qn. In a recent study, the hypercube networks were insufficient to hold supercomputers’ parallel processors. Thus, variants of hypercubes were discovered to produce an alternative to the hypercube. A new variant of the hypercube, the fractal cubic network, can be used as the best alternative in the case of hypercubes. Our research investigates that the fractal cubic network is a rooted product of two graphs. We try to determine its domination and resolving domination parameters, which could be applied to resource location and broadcasting-related problems.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Bacterial Platform for Biopharmaceutical Production
Authors: Camilios-Neto Doumit , Nascimento Rodolfo Ricken do , Ratko Jonathan , Caldas Pan Nicole , Casagrande Rubia , Verri Waldiceu A. , Vignoli Josiane A.
Published: December 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a metabolically versatile opportunistic pathogen capable of surviving in a range of environments. The major contribution to these abilities relies on virulence factor production, e.g., exotoxins, phenazines, and rhamnolipids, regulated through a hierarchical system of communication, named quorum sensing (QS). QS involves the production, release, and recognition of two classes of diffusible signal molecules: N-acyl-homoserine lactones and alkyl-quinolones. These present a central role during P. aeruginosa infection, regulating bacterial virulence and the modulation of the host immune system. The influence of this arsenal of virulence factors on bacterial–host interaction makes P. aeruginosa a highly potential platform for the development of biopharmaceuticals. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the therapeutical applications of P. aeruginosa virulence factors and quorum sensing signaling molecules on pathological conditions, ranging from infections and inflammation to cancer disease.
3D-Printed Hydrogel Scaffolds Loaded with Flavanone@ZIF-8 Nanoparticles for Promoting Bacteria-Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Yu Jian , Huang Xin , Wu Fangying , Feng Shasha , Cheng Rui , Xu Jieyan , Cui Tingting , Li Jun
Published: December 2024

Bacterial-infected skin wounds caused by trauma remain a significant challenge in modern medicine. Clinically, there is a growing demand for wound dressings with exceptional antibacterial activity and robust regenerative properties. To address the need, this study proposes a novel multifunctional dressing designed to combine efficient gas exchange, effective microbial barriers, and precise drug delivery capabilities, thereby promoting cell proliferation and accelerating wound healing. This work reports the development of a 3D-printed hydrogel scaffold incorporating flavanone (FLA)-loaded ZIF-8 nanoparticles (FLA@ZIF-8 NPs) within a composite matrix of κ-carrageenan (KC) and konjac glucomannan (KGM). The scaffold forms a stable dual-network structure through the chelation of KC with potassium ions and intermolecular hydrogen bonding between KC and KGM. This dual-network structure not only enhances the mechanical stability of the scaffold but also improves its adaptability to complex wound environments. In mildly acidic wound conditions, FLA@ZIF-8 NPs release Zn2+ and flavanone in a controlled manner, providing sustained antibacterial effects and promoting wound healing. In vivo studies using a rat full-thickness infected wound model demonstrated that the FLA@ZIF-8/KC@KGM hydrogel scaffold significantly accelerated wound healing, showcasing its superior performance in the treatment of infected wounds.
Swedish Genome-Wide Haplotype Association Analysis Suggests Breast Cancer Loci with Varying Risk-Modifying Effects
Authors: Vermani Litika , Barnekow Elin , Liu Wen , Wendt Camilla , Hall Per , Margolin Sara , Lindblom Annika
Published: December 2024

Background: To find support for risk-modifying genes in breast cancer, a haplotype GWAS in sporadic breast cancer cases was undertaken. The results were compared with the results from previous analyses in familial cases and all cases from the same Swedish cohort. Methods: In total, 2550 women with sporadic invasive breast cancer and 5021 healthy controls were included in a sliding-window haplotype GWAS using PLINK 1.07. Results: The analysis of sporadic cases confirmed the loci on chromosomes 10q26.13, 11q13.3, and 16q12.1 and suggested one novel locus on chromosome 12p11.21 (OR = 1.42 p = 4.55 × 10−8). A comparison between these loci and the same loci in the analyses of familial cases and all breast cancer cases was undertaken. Conclusions: Haplotype GWAS in sporadic cases of Swedish breast cancer cases supported known risk loci and suggested another risk locus. The loci identified in the analysis of sporadic and all breast cancer cases were suggested to act as modifiers of the risk of breast cancer. Haplotype analysis identified other loci with higher odds ratios than single-variant analysis. Further studies are needed to find out how to best include the findings in breast cancer prevention.
Endurance Effort Affected Expression of Actinin 3 and Klotho Different Isoforms Basing on the Arabian Horses Model
Authors: Myćka Grzegorz , Ropka-Molik Katarzyna , Cywińska Anna , Stefaniuk-Szmukier Monika
Published: December 2024

Background: Among numerous genes that have been a focus of equine genetic research, the KL (Klotho) and ACTN3 (Alpha-actinin-3) genes stand out due to their significant roles in muscle function and overall health, as well as performance ability. Previous studies on Arabian horses and other mammalians have shown that both KL and ACTN3 occur in different isoforms that seem to have different roles in metabolism. The main purpose of this present study was to describe different isoforms (ACTN3, ACTN3-201, ACTN3-202, KL, KL-202, KL-203) expression levels affected by the endurance effort in Arabian horses. Methods: Blood samples were taken from a group of n = 10 Arabian horses taking part in a long-distance 120 km endurance ride. After RNA isolation and reverse transcription, real-time PCR was performed. The expression levels (Relative Quantity, RQ) were calculated using the delta-delta CT method. The results showed surprisingly large differences between different isoforms expression levels which brought us to the conclusion that both KL and ACTN3 genes are suitable genetic markers to measure endurance performance. Moreover, the correlation network analyses showed that the MIOX (myo-inositol oxygenase), SH3RH2 (SH3 domain-containing ring finger 2) and TNNI2 (Troponin I2, fast skeletal type) genes are significantly involved in the endurance effort metabolism.
Chemogenetic Inhibition of Prefrontal Cortex Ameliorates Autism-Like Social Deficits and Absence-Like Seizures in a Gene-Trap Ash1l Haploinsufficiency Mouse Model
Authors: Ma Kaijie , McDaniel Kylee , Zhang Daoqi , Webb Maria , Qin Luye
Published: December 2024

Background: ASH1L (absent, small, or homeotic-like 1), a histone methyltransferase, has been identified as a high-risk gene for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We previously showed that postnatal Ash1l severe deficiency in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of male and female mice caused seizures. However, the synaptic mechanisms underlying autism-like social deficits and seizures need to be elucidated. Objective: The goal of this study is to characterize the behavioral deficits and reveal the synaptic mechanisms in an Ash1l haploinsufficiency mouse model using a targeted gene-trap knockout (gtKO) strategy. Method: A series of behavioral tests were used to examine behavioral deficits. Electrophysiological and chemogenetic approaches were used to examine and manipulate the excitability of pyramidal neurons in the PFC of Ash1l+/GT mice. Results: Ash1l+/GT mice displayed social deficits, increased self-grooming, and cognitive impairments. Epileptiform discharges were found on electroencephalograms (EEGs) of Ash1l+/GT mice, indicating absence-like seizures. Ash1l haploinsufficiency increased the susceptibility for convulsive seizures when Ash1l+/GT mice were challenged by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, a competitive GABAA receptor antagonist). Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings showed that Ash1l haploinsufficiency increased the excitability of pyramidal neurons in the PFC by altering intrinsic neuronal properties, enhancing glutamatergic synaptic transmission, and diminishing GABAergic synaptic inhibition. Chemogenetic inhibition of pyramidal neurons in the PFC of Ash1l+/GT mice ameliorated autism-like social deficits and abolished absence-like seizures. Conclusions: We demonstrated that increased neural activity in the PFC contributed to the autism-like social deficits and absence-like seizures in Ash1l+/GT mice, which provides novel insights into the therapeutic strategies for patients with ASH1L-associated ASD and epilepsy.
Proposed Solution for Stony Debris-Flow Control Works in Two Headwater Basins with Morphological Changes
Authors: Boreggio Mauro , Barbini Matteo , Bernard Martino , Degetto Massimo , Gregoretti Carlo
Published: December 2024

Stony debris flows originating from the two basins of Jaron di Sacomedan and Jaron dei Ross pose a significant threat to the inhabited area of Chiapuzza (Dolomites, Northeastern Italian Alps) and the national road SS 51. In the upper part of the Jaron dei Ross basin, a large scree at the foot of a rocky amphitheater undergoes morphological changes due to frequent rockfalls. Previous mitigation efforts have proven inadequate, and after identifying the causes of their failure, new control measures are being planned. These works aim to direct debris flows towards a deposition area capable of intercepting flows from both the Jaron dei Ross and Jaron di Sacomedan basins. Essentially, the upper works in the Jaron dei Ross basin divert debris flows away from the populated area and channel them to a location where the sediment volume transported by debris flows from both basins can be stored. This solution is designed to protect both the Chiapuzza community and the SS51 national road.
Pilot Implementation of a Primary Care Disease Management Concept for Venous Leg Ulceration: Results of a Mixed-Methods Process Evaluation
Authors: Fleischhauer Thomas , Poß-Doering Regina , Sander Nina , Laux Gunter , Wensing Michel , Szecsenyi Joachim , Senft Jonas D.
Published: December 2024

Background: Within the project “Ulcus Cruris Care”, a disease management intervention to improve general practice care for patients with venous leg ulcer was developed, comprising online teaching for practice teams, standardized patient education, and case management. Implementation of the intervention was piloted and evaluated via a process evaluation. This study aims to evaluate contentedness with the intervention, implementation effort, implementation determinants, intervention fidelity, and perceived intervention effects using a mixed-methods process evaluation. Methods: The mixed-methods process evaluation explored the views of general practitioners, medical assistants and patients regarding the intervention components. Data were collected through semi-structured telephone interviews and a survey questionnaire. Qualitative data were first analyzed inductively, followed by a deductive–inductive approach based on the Theoretical Domains Framework. Survey data were analyzed descriptively. Results: Participants (n = 21) reported a strong contentedness with the intervention, high intervention fidelity, low implementation effort, and a change in perception of compression therapy as the central treatment element. Healthcare professionals emphasized increased patient education and patient and family involvement. Patients reported feeling better informed and empowered to take an active role in their treatment, primarily due to increased knowledge and skills in compression therapy. As a result, they were more content with their care and reported positive experiences with wound healing since trial participation. Conclusions: The Ulcus Cruris Care intervention can lead to a noticeable change in knowledge and potentially influence practice teams’ approach to venous leg ulcer management, facilitating a significantly more frequent use of compression therapy in VLU care. A confirmatory evaluation of potential effects in a definitive RCT seems warranted.
The Ligurian Experience in the Management of Lung Cancer: Organizational Models and New Perspectives
Authors: Amicizia Daniela , Marchini Francesca , Pronzato Paolo , Paoli Gabriella , Genova Carlo , Allegretti Silvia , Ansaldi Filippo
Published: December 2024

Background: Lung cancer is an oncological threat worldwide, including in Italy. New organizational approaches based on a network of cancer centers and multidisciplinary and technological innovation are required. The experience in the Liguria region, in northwestern Italy, in the management of lung cancer is presented with a focus on the organizational model. Methods: A retrospective observational analysis was conducted for the period from January 2019 to December 2023 using administrative regional data. Results: Of the total surgery treatments in Liguria, most were carried out at the IRCCS San Martino (about 47%), which is the hub’s center. Most cases involved males aged ≥65 years (p < 0.001). Passive mobility showed a decrease in recent years. Considering the type of access to clinical structures, almost all that were finalized to receive chemotherapy were from the day hospital regimen (99%). Conclusion: A comprehensive approach must be carried out for cancer patients to maintain high levels of care quality. In this challenging context, the Liguria region has implemented new organizational approaches based on the networking of cancer centers and multidisciplinary and technological innovation.
H3K4me3 Genome-Wide Distribution and Transcriptional Regulation of Transposable Elements by RNA Pol2 Deposition
Authors: Chen Xiaowei , Yang Hua , Wang Liqin , Chen Ying , Yang Yingnan , Chen Haonan , Wang Feng , Zhang Yanli , Deng Mingtian
Published: December 2024

Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) is critical for early embryo development and is meticulously regulated by epigenetic modifications. H3K4me3 is a transcription-permissive histone mark preferentially found at promoters, but its distribution across genome features remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the genome-wide enrichment of H3K4me3 during early embryo development and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in both sheep and mice. We discovered that broad H3K4me3 domains were present in MII stage oocytes and were progressively diminished, while promoter H3K4me3 enrichment was increased and correlated with gene upregulation during ZGA in sheep. Additionally, we reported the dynamic distribution of H3K4me3 at the transposable elements (TEs) during early embryo development in both sheep and mice. Specifically, the H3K4me3 distribution of LINE1 and ERVL, two subsets of TEs, was associated with their expression during early embryo development in sheep. Furthermore, H3K4me3 enrichment in TEs was greatly increased during ZGA following Kdm5b knockdown, and the distribution of RNA polymerase II (Pol2) in TEs was also markedly increased in Kdm5b knockout ESCs in mice. These findings suggest that H3K4me3 plays important roles in regulating TE expression through interaction with RNA Pol2, providing valuable insights into the regulation of ZGA initiation and cell fate determination by H3K4me3.
Is Silver a Precious Metal for G-Quadruplex Stabilization Mediated by Porphyrins?
Authors: Moura Nuno M. M. , Guedes Sofia , Salvador Diana , Oliveira Helena , Neves M. Graça P. M. S. , Ramos Catarina I. V.
Published: December 2024

Cancer is a leading cause of death, so continuous efforts into cancer therapy are imperative. In tumor cells, telomerase and oncogene activity are key points for uncontrolled cell growth. Targeting these processes with ligands that inhibit telomerase and/or reduce oncogene expression has been identified as a promising cancer therapy. This study evaluated the selectivity and affinity of the silverII complex of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridinium)porphyrin (AgTMPyP) to stabilize DNA sequences capable of forming G4 structures mimicking the telomeric and oncogene regions, using spectroscopic, biochemical methods and in vitro assays. The tetracationic silver complex was compared with the free base, H2TMPyP, and the zincII complex, ZnTMPyP. The results obtained from UV-Vis and fluorescence methods pointed to a great affinity and good selectivity of AgTMPyP to G4 structures, especially for the oncogene MYC. In general, an increase in the ability of the studied ligands for 1O2 generation when interacting with oncogenic and telomeric G4 sequences was found. The results of the PCR stop assays proved that AgTMPyP has the ability to inhibit Taq polymerase. Additionally, in vitro assays demonstrated that the silverII complex exhibits low cytotoxicity against HaCaT— an immortalized, non-tumorigenic, skin keratinocytes cell line—and, although nonexclusive, AgTMPyP shows nuclear co-localization.
Targeting Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Melanoma
Authors: Szczygielski Orest , Dąbrowska Emilia , Niemyjska Sylwia , Przylipiak Andrzej , Zajkowska Monika
Published: December 2024

Malignant melanoma is one of the most important dermatological neoplasms. The high mortality rate associated with this skin disease is primarily due to the occurrence of metastases, while the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma in its early stages has a favorable prognosis. Early detection is crucial because the success of treatment is directly related to the depth of cancerous growth. The family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of melanoma. Prominent MMPs, including MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, and MMP-14, have been shown to significantly contribute to the development of melanoma. The tumor microenvironment, particularly the extracellular matrix (ECM), has emerged as a critical factor in modulating cancer progression. This review focuses on the role of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in ECM degradation and the subsequent progression of melanoma, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets.
Integrated Transcriptomic, Proteomic, and Metabolomic Analyses Revealed Molecular Mechanism for Salt Resistance in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Seedlings
Authors: Fu Siqi , Wang Lu , Li Chunqian , Zhao Yinhui , Zhang Nan , Yan Lei , Li Chang Ming , Niu Yusheng
Published: December 2024

Salt stress poses a significant challenge to plant growth and restricts agricultural development. To delve into the intricate mechanisms involved in soybean’s response to salt stress and find targets to improve the salt resistance of soybean, this study integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses to explore the regulatory networks involved in soybean salt tolerance. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant changes in transcription factors, hormone-related groups, and calcium ion signaling. Notably, the biosynthetic pathways of cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis play an important role in this process. Proteomic results indicated salt-induced DNA methylation and the enrichment of phosphopyruvate hydrase post-salt stress, as well as its interaction with enzymes from various metabolic pathways. Metabolomic data unveiled the synthesis of various metabolites, including lipids and flavonoids, in soybean following salt stress. Furthermore, the integrated multiomics results highlighted the activation of multiple metabolic pathways in soybean in response to salt stress, with six pathways standing out prominently: stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, and gingerol biosynthesis; carotenoid biosynthesis; carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; thiamine metabolism; and pyruvate metabolism. These findings not only offer valuable insights into leveraging multiomics profiling techniques for uncovering salt tolerance mechanisms but also identify candidate genes for soybean improvement.
Cell-Penetrating Peptide Enhances Tafazzin Gene Therapy in Mouse Model of Barth Syndrome
Authors: Raghav Rahul , Awata Junya , Martin Gregory L. , Strathdee Douglas , Blanton Robert M. , Chin Michael T.
Published: December 2024

Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is an early onset, lethal X-linked disorder caused by a mutation in tafazzin (TAFAZZIN), a mitochondrial acyltransferase that remodels monolysocardiolipin (MLCL) to mature cardiolipin (CL) and is essential for normal mitochondrial, cardiac, and skeletal muscle function. Current gene therapies in preclinical development require high levels of transduction. We tested whether TAFAZZIN gene therapy could be enhanced with the addition of a cell-penetrating peptide, penetratin (Antp). We found that TAFAZZIN-Antp was more effective than TAFAZZIN at preventing the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. These findings indicate that a cell-penetrating peptide enhances gene therapy for BTHS.
Low Mortality Rates Among Tropical Ferns
Authors: Salazar Laura , Kluge Jürgen , Homeier Jürgen , Kessler Michael
Published: December 2024

Tropical ferns are underrepresented in demographic studies, despite their ecological importance in forest ecosystems. This study investigates the mortality rates of terrestrial ferns along an elevational gradient (500–4000 m a.s.l.) in Ecuador, focusing on relationships with environmental variables, community characteristics, and plant size. Over two years (2009–2011), 3213 individuals representing 88 species were monitored in 22 permanent plots across eight elevations. Mortality rates, calculated as the percentage of individuals lost annually, averaged 0.87%, with a hump-shaped trend along the gradient and a significant negative relationship with temperature. Mortality rates were positively correlated with species richness and fern density, suggesting competition may influence community structure. Larger individuals exhibited higher mortality rates, likely due to greater resource demands and exposure to environmental stressors. These findings emphasize the interplay of abiotic factors, such as elevation and temperature, and biotic interactions, including competition and herbivory, in shaping fern population dynamics. The low mortality rates observed reflect population stability, potentially linked to unique life history traits, such as extended generation times. This study provides critical insights into the demographic strategies of tropical ferns and underscores the need for long-term research to better understand their responses to environmental and biotic pressures.
Context-Aware Electronic Health Record—Internet of Things and Blockchain Approach
Authors: Guimarães Tiago , Duarte Ricardo , Hak Francini , Santos Manuel
Published: December 2024

Hospital inpatient care relies on constant monitoring and reliable real-time data. Continuous improvement, adaptability, and state-of-the-art technologies are critical for ongoing efficiency, productivity, and readiness growth. When appropriately used, technologies, such as blockchain and IoT-enabled devices, can change the practice of medicine and ensure that it is performed based on correct assumptions and reliable data. The proposed electronic health record (EHR) can obtain context information from beacons, change the user interface of medical devices according to their location, and provide a more user-friendly interface for medical devices. The data generated, which are associated with the location of the beacons and devices, were stored in Hyperledger Fabric, a permissioned distributed ledger technology. Overall, by prompting and adjusting the user interface to context- and location-specific information while ensuring the immutability and value of the data, this solution targets a decrease in medical errors and an increase in the efficiency in healthcare inpatient care by improving user experience and ease of access to data for health professionals. Moreover, given auditing, accountability, and governance needs, it must ensure when, if, and by whom the data are accessed.
Dung Beetles, Dung Burial, and Plant Growth: Four Scarabaeoid Species and Sorghum
Authors: Hajji Hasnae , Rehali Mariyem , Taybi Abdelkhaleq Fouzi , Lumaret Jean-Pierre , Mabrouki Youness
Published: December 2024

This study examined the impact of dung beetles on both sorghum growth and the physico-chemical properties of the soil over a two-month period. Four dung beetle species (Onthophagus vacca, Onthophagus marginalis subsp. andalusicus, Euonthophagus crocatus, and Gymnopleurus sturmi) were introduced into experimental setups, consisting of containers filled with sterilised clay-loam soil, with three treatment groups: [cow dung + beetles], [cow dung only], and a control group (no dung nor beetles), in order to evaluate their effects on various growth parameters, including the plant height, biomass, leaf area, and chlorophyll concentration. Additionally, changes in soil properties were assessed, focusing on the organic matter content, pH, conductivity, enzyme activities (e.g., urease, phosphatase), and microbial load. The results revealed significant increases in all the measured parameters across the treatments involving dung beetles, emphasising their role in enhancing soil fertility and plant productivity. The study also highlights the variation in effectiveness among the species, suggesting that beetle diversity plays a crucial role in nutrient cycling. Integrating dung beetles into sustainable farming practices could, therefore, serve as a key strategy to promote resilient agriculture.
Larval Feeding Habits of Five Firefly Species Across Aquatic, Semi-Aquatic, and Terrestrial Lineages
Authors: Yang Lin-Yu , Tang Da-Rui , Li Fu-Xin , Luo Shi-Qi , Cao Cheng-Quan , Zhang Qi-Lin
Published: December 2024

While adult fireflies are terrestrial, their larvae inhabit various habitat types, and a lack of comprehensive research on the feeding habits of these larvae across different habitats has greatly impeded the development of artificial diets. Here, we tested 14 types of foods, primarily covering gastropods, vertebrates, and fruit, to survey feed for aquatic (Aquatica leii and Sclerotia substriata), semi-aquatic (Pygoluciola qingyu and Pygoluciola sp.), and terrestrial (Pyrocoelia analis) fireflies. The results show that A. leii, S. substriata, P. qingyu, Pygoluciola sp., and P. analis fed on 12, 6, 10, 10, and 7 different foods, respectively, showing an obvious difference in feeding range among various inhabit types of fireflies. Aquatic lineages preferred to consume freshwater snails, followed by pork meat and land slugs, while semi-aquatic fireflies favored freshwater snails, followed by fish and shrimp. Favorite foods were thus freshwater snails such as Cipangopaludina chinensis for both aquatic and semi-aquatic fireflies, but feeding preference differed for second favorite foods (e.g., pork vs. fish meat). Terrestrial Pyrocoelia analis showed different feeding preferences compared withthe other two habitat lineages, with terrestrial snails and slugs as their favorite foods, followed by freshwater snails, such as C. chinensis. These findings not only uncovered larval feeding habits of fireflies across various inhabit types but also indicated that readily available and affordable C. chinensis products can serve as wild snail alternatives in the artificial feeding of fireflies. This study is the first to explore the feeding habits of firefly species inhabiting water and land habitat types, adding to the understanding of the feeding characteristics of fireflies.
Accuracy of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Post-Transcatheter Arterial Embolization
Authors: McGillen Kathryn L. , Pryor William Watkins , Yee Nelson S. , Zhu Junjia , Krok Karen L. , Waybill Peter N.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a non-invasive imaging technique with similar accuracy to CT and MRI for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CEUS offers several advantages in patient populations who have contraindications for CT or MRI. There are limited prospective studies in the United States evaluating the diagnostic equivalence of CEUS following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with same-day CT/MRI. This prospective pilot study compared CEUS and CT/MRI in patients with HCC following TACE in a United States population using Lumason® contrast agent and the Liver Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS). Methods: Following institutional review board protocols, adult patients with a diagnosis of HCC were included. Follow-up CT/MRI was directed by referring clinicians, and CEUS was performed on the same day. CEUS was used to evaluate for treated lesion(s), new lesion(s), and portal vein thrombus before and after Lumason®. Any subsequent follow-up imaging was reviewed. Results: In 26 enrolled patients, 33 target lesions were identified (size range 0.9–16.8 cm), and 26 were LI-RADS-5 or -M. CEUS identified 19 cases of residual tumor, 12 with no viable disease; CT/MRI identified 17 cases of residual tumor, 16 with no viable disease (p = 0.617). Both CEUS and CT/MRI identified five portal vein thrombi. Two lesions were missed or miscategorized on CEUS, while six were missed or miscategorized on CT/MRI (p = 0.289). Six new lesions were identified on both CEUS and CT/MRI. Of these new lesions, four were identified only by CT/MRI and three only by CEUS. Conclusions: CEUS is comparable to CT/MRI performed at identical follow-up intervals in evaluating for residual versus treated HCC following first-time TACE.
Two Different Hemodynamic Responses in ME/CFS Patients with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome During Head-Up Tilt Testing
Authors: van Campen C. (Linda) M. C. , Rowe Peter C. , Visser Frans C.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: While the diagnosis of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is based on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) criteria, the pathophysiology of POTS is not fully understood as multiple pathophysiological mechanisms have been recognized. Also, cardiac function, being dependent on preload, afterload, contractility, and HR, has not been properly studied. Preload and contractility changes can be inferred from stroke volume index (SVI) changes during a tilt test. Afterload plays a minor role in POTS as a normal BP response is a prerequisite for POTS. Therefore, we analyzed the HR-SVI relation during a tilt test in myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME/CFS) patients with POTS and compared the data with ME/CFS patients with a normal HR-BP response and with that of healthy controls (HC). Material and Methods: In ME/CFS patients with either POTS (n = 233) or a normal HR-BP response (n = 507) and healthy controls (n = 48), we measured SVI (by suprasternal echo), HR, and BP during the tilt. Results: In all ME/CFS patients, the decrease in SVI was larger compared to HC. In patients with a normal HR-BP response and in POTS patients with a HR increase between 30–39 bpm, there was an inverse relationship between the HR increase and SVI decrease during the tilt, compatible with increased venous pooling. In POTS patients with a HR increase ≥40 bpm, this inverse relation was lost, and SVI changes were significantly less compared to POTS patients with a HR increase between 30–39 bpm, suggestive of a hyperadrenergic response. Conclusions: In ME/CFS patients with POTS, two different hemodynamic profiles can be observed: in patients with a limited HR increase, mainly increased venous pooling is observed, while in patients with a large (≥ 40 bpm) HR increase the data are suggestive of a hyperadrenergic response. These two different profiles may have different therapeutic implications.
Risk Prediction and Management for Central Nervous System Infection After Resection for Gliomas—The 8-Year Experience from a Tertiary Medical Center
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zheng Zhiyao , Guo Xiaopeng , Wang Hai , Gong Le , Wang Yu , Guo Fuping , Ma Wenbin
Published: December 2024

Objective: To identify risk factors for central nervous system infection (CNSI) following glioma resection and develop a predictive model. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 435 glioma resection cases was conducted to assess CNSI risk factors. A nomogram predictive model was constructed and validated internally and externally. CSF characteristics and antibiotic use in CNSI patients were summarized and the impact of CNSI on long-term prognosis was evaluated. Results: CNSI incidence was 14.9%. Independent risk factors included ventricular opening, postoperative systemic infection, maximum diameter ≥ 5 cm, and preoperative peripheral blood monocyte percentage ≥ 10%. The predictive model showed good performance (C statistic = 0.797, AUC = 0.731). CNSI patients had elevated CSF protein and leukocytes, with meropenem and vancomycin as primary antibiotics. CNSI had no significant impact on long-term prognosis. Conclusions: Key risk factors for CNSI were identified, and an effective predictive model was established, providing important references for clinical decision-making and CNSI management.
Effectiveness of Telemedicine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Russia: TIGE-Rus (Telemonitoring for IBD Goodness Examination in Russia) Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Akhmedzyanova Dina A. , Shumskaya Yuliya F. , Vasilev Yuriy A. , Vladzymyrskyy Anton V. , Omelyanskaya Olga V. , Alymova Yulya A. , Mnatsakanyan Marina G. , Panferov Alexandr S. , Taschyan Olga V. , Kuprina Irina V. , Yurazh Marta V. , Eloev Artur S. , Reshetnikov Roman V.
Published: December 2024

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), associated with a significant burden on patients’ lives, are becoming increasingly common. Patients with IBD need continuous treatment and lifelong monitoring, which could be achieved by telemonitoring. Telemonitoring has been shown to be effective in improving outcomes for patients with IBD, and can provide a more convenient and accessible way for patients to receive care. However, the certainty of evidence remains low. This article outlines the methodology of a randomized control study that aims to assess the efficacy of telemonitoring compared to face-to-face follow-up for patients with IBD in Russia, hypothesizing that the implementation of telemonitoring will lead to improvement in clinical, social, and organizational areas. Methods: The TIGE-Rus study is a randomized controlled trial. The study consists of three stages, including selection of patients and random assignment into two groups with a ratio of 1:1, follow-up care using telemonitoring or face-to-face appointments, and evaluation and comparison of follow-up efficacy in both groups. In the first stage, all patients will undergo laboratory tests and instrumental examinations, and fill out questionnaires to measure disease activity, quality of life, medication adherence, psychological well-being, and satisfaction with medical care. In the second stage, the control group will receive standard care while the telemonitoring group will have access to a web platform where they can report their clinical activity, fill out questionnaires, and have online consultations with gastroenterologists. The gastroenterologists will also make monthly phone calls to each patient in the telemonitoring group to monitor their progress. In the third stage of the study, both the telemonitoring group and the control group will be re-hospitalized after six months of monitoring. IBD activity will be evaluated through laboratory and instrumental examinations. Additionally, all the participants will complete questionnaires to assess the disease activity, medication adherence, quality of life, psychological well-being, and satisfaction with medical care in both groups. Conclusions: The trial will explore whether telemonitoring is effective in improving clinical, social, and organizational aspects in the management of patients with IBD in the setting of the Russian healthcare system.
Sub-Tenon’s Block in Patients with Previous Encircling Band Surgery—A Feasibility Study
Authors: Harte Johannes , Ugen Gesar , Berger-Estilita Joana , Ebneter Andreas , Lersch Friedrich
Published: December 2024

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, reducing aerosol-generating procedures became fundamental, particularly in ophthalmic surgeries traditionally performed under general anesthesia (GA). Regional anesthesia, such as sub-Tenon’s block (STB), is widely used in vitreoretinal surgeries, offering a safer alternative by avoiding airway manipulation. However, the altered orbital anatomy in patients with previous scleral explant surgery creates unique challenges to STB application. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and feasibility of STB in patients after encircling band surgery. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 46 patients with a history of scleral explant surgery, undergoing vitreoretinal procedures at the Bern University Hospital. All procedures were conducted under STB with either analgosedation or GA for additional support when required. An ophthalmic surgeon or an experienced anesthesiologist performed the STBs. Data collected included block success rate, procedural difficulty, incidence of chemosis, and patient satisfaction. The Institutional Ethics Committee approved this study, and all participants provided informed consent. Results: STB was successfully administered in 93.5% of cases, with only three unsuccessful blocks. Block placement was rated as easy in 55% of cases, moderately difficult in 28%, and difficult in 17%. Chemosis was observed in 24% of patients, with severe cases in only 4%. Patient satisfaction scores were high, with most patients expressing satisfaction with the STB procedure. Conversion to GA was required in only one case due to alcohol withdrawal-related agitation. Discussion: The high success rate and minimal complications suggest that STB is a feasible and safe alternative to GA in patients with prior scleral buckling surgery. The altered orbital anatomy presents potential challenges, including scar tissue and compartmentalization, which may lead to patchy anesthesia. However, the use of STB avoids the risks associated with GA and may be especially beneficial for elderly or frail patients. Future studies should further investigate the hemodynamic implications of STB in these cases and the potential for ultrasound-guided techniques to improve accuracy and safety.
Electrical Impedance Tomography-Based Evaluation of Anesthesia-Induced Development of Atelectasis in Obese Patients
Authors: Nothofer Stefanie , Steckler Alexander , Lange Mirko , Héžeľ Anja , Dumps Christian , Wrigge Hermann , Simon Philipp , Girrbach Felix
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The induction of general anesthesia leads to the development of atelectasis and redistribution of ventilation to non-dependent lung regions with subsequent impairment of gas exchange. However, it remains unclear how rapidly atelectasis occurs after the induction of anesthesia in obese patients. We therefore investigated the extent of atelectasis formation in obese patients in the first few minutes after the induction of general anesthesia and initiation of mechanical ventilation in the operating room. Methods: In 102 patients with morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg m−2) scheduled for laparoscopic intrabdominal surgery, induction of general anesthesia was performed while continuously monitoring regional pulmonary ventilation using electrical impedance tomography. Distribution of ventilation to non-dependent lung areas as a surrogate for atelectasis formation was determined by taking the mean value of five consecutive breaths for each minute starting five minutes before to five minutes after intubation. Ventilation inhomogeneity was assessed using the Global Inhomogeneity Index. Results: Median tidal volume in non-dependent lung areas was 58.3% before and 71.5% after intubation and increased by a median of 13.79% after intubation (p < 0.001). Median Global Inhomogeneity Index was 49.4 before and 71.4 after intubation and increased by a median of 21.99 units after intubation (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Atelectasis forms immediately after the induction of general anesthesia and increases the inhomogeneity of lung ventilation.