bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrids, materiality, and black boxes: Concepts of actor‐network theory in data journalism research
Authors: Stalph Florian
Published: September 2019

Actor‐Network Theory (ANT) vocabulary offers meaningful sensibilities for explorations of data‐driven newswork. Concepts of hybrids, materiality, and black boxes are increasingly mentioned across digital journalism studies and appear to be particularly constructive to examine the relations between data, computation, and journalism practice, epistemology, reflexivity, and journalistic artefacts. After outlining central concepts of ANT, this literature review provides an overview of research agendas that propose sociotechnical dimensions, followed by a structured review of findings generated through ANT‐informed explorations of data journalism. In a closing summary, presented findings and limitations of ANT are discussed.
Towards a critical geography of physical activity: Emotions and the gendered boundary‐making of an everyday exercise environment
Authors: Coen Stephanie E. , Davidson Joyce , Rosenberg Mark W.
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we put forward a proposal for a critical geography of physical activity that attunes to experience while centring on the socio‐spatial processes and power structures enabling and constraining physical activity participation. Drawing on our research that explored women's and men's emotional geographies of an everyday exercise environment – the gym – in a Canadian city, we show how this approach can identify otherwise invisible environmental influences on physical activity participation. Our thematic analysis reveals that the gym environment is generative of three place‐based emotive processes of dislocation, evaluation, and sexualisation that collectively configure an unevenly gendered emotional architecture of place. Through this interstitial structure, the boundaries of localised hierarchies of masculinities and femininities become felt in ways that create tensions and anxieties, which in turn reinforce gendered boundaries on physical activity participation. Two additional themes reveal how gendered motivation and individual factors mediate negative emotional experiences. Our findings indicate that emotional geographies are one way in which gender disparities in physical activity are naturalised at the scale of the everyday exercise environment. Interventions for gender equity in physical activity would benefit from being empathetically attuned to the subtleties of place‐based experiences. More widely, bringing emotions into geographies of physical activity sheds light on the larger question of the role of place in (re)producing gendered health inequities, with implications for geographical research on health and social justice. Future critical geographical inquiry is necessary to ensure that public health interventions are grounded in the experiential realities of practising physical activity in particular places.
Prevalence of HIV infection among Chinese voluntary blood donors during 2010‐2017: an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Yanqiu , Xu Junjie , Li Mingyue
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Understanding the latest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in voluntary blood donors could be of great value to further increase blood safety in China, as transfusion‐transmitted infection places a heavy burden on both infected individuals and the whole society. Therefore, we evaluated the national HIV prevalence of voluntary blood donors in China and characteristics of HIV‐infected blood donors.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

We searched literature in Chinese and English concerning the prevalence of HIV infections in Chinese voluntary blood donors from 2010 to 2017, yielding 97 eligible papers. We performed a meta‐analysis to calculate pooled HIV prevalence, and characteristics of HIV‐infected blood donors were also extracted.

RESULTS

The pooled sample consisted of 21,100,755 voluntary blood donors and 4,755 HIV‐infected blood donors. Pooled HIV prevalence of China voluntary blood donors during 2010 to 2017 was 21.02 in 100,000. Pooled HIV prevalence varied in different provinces, showing greater severity in Southwest, Northwest, and South China. Subgroup analysis also showed a significantly increasing trend from 2010 to 2017. The majority of HIV‐infected blood donors in China were male, young, unmarried, nonlocal residents, receiving 12 years or less of schooling, and first‐time donors. Nearly 90% of HIV‐infected blood donors acquired their infections through sexual contact.

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of HIV increased in China among voluntary blood donors during 2010 to 2017, highlighting the risk of HIV transmission by transfusion. Blood centers and public health services should improve screening and intervention programs targeting voluntary blood donors and expand education on blood safety in areas experiencing severe epidemics and among high‐risk populations.
Rapid Prototyping for Optimization of the Charge Motion in Internal Combustion Engines Driven by Sewage Gas
Authors: Konstantinoff Lucas , Steiner Thomas , Mairegger Dominik , Herdin Guenther , Pillei Martin , Moeltner Lukas
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a newly developed method using rapid prototyping (RP) to develop gas engine cylinder heads with optimized charge motion characteristics to adapt to lean-burn and Miller combustion process requirements. The geometry in close vicinity to the inlet valve seats was designed to increase swirl and flow performance of the cylinder heads. A three-dimensional (3D) printer was used to realize a rapid prototyping concept for the testing of multiple designs; the effects of the different designs were measured using a static flow test bench and a laser-optical method to visualize the flow patterns. The results of the static flow bench tests showed potentially higher flow and swirl performance, with one high-swirl version proving beneficial specifically for lean-combustion and one high-flow version matching the Miller combustion requirements. The two cylinder head versions were then manufactured and the lean-combustion version was tested for on-engine performance on a 150 kW sewage-gas driven lean-combustion engine. It has been shown that the cylinder head generates higher swirl on the test bench but achieves only a slight increase in combustion speed on the test engine. The potential to increase engine efficiency by intensifying swirl is, therefore, considered exploitable. Research has further shown the coefficient of variance (CoV) was reduced by 0.3–1.2%. Charge exchange losses have also been demonstrated to decrease at all tested engine settings. It has further been found that higher swirl intensity has a positive impact on engine emission levels, as the engine out carbon monoxide (CO) emission can be reduced by approximately 70 mg·m−3.
Multi-Wave Vibration Caused by Flutter Instability and Nonlinear Tip-Shroud Friction
Authors: Gross Johann , Krack Malte
Published: September 2019

Measurements revealed the contribution of multiple traveling waves to the flutter vibrations of bladed disks. Saturated flutter vibration, whether in this multi-wave or in its better-understood single-wave form, is a nonlinear phenomenon. However, it is still not understood of what physical origin the relevant nonlinearities are, and under what conditions single-wave or multi-wave flutter vibration occurs. Recent theoretical work suggests that multi-wave flutter vibration can be explained by strongly nonlinear frictional interblade coupling. The verity of this hypothesis is strictly limited by the simplicity of the considered model, namely, a cyclic chain of seven oscillators with frictional coupling and rather unrealistic aeroelastic behavior. In this work, it is demonstrated that nonlinear dynamical contact interactions at tip-shrouds are a likely cause for the observed multi-wave flutter vibration. To this end, a more realistic structural turbine blade row model with a more realistic aeroelastic behavior is considered. Some insight into its intriguing dynamics, dependence of limit states on initial conditions, and eigenvalue placement is provided. For instance, it is shown that there is an intimate relation between internal combination resonance conditions of certain traveling wave modes and the spectral content of single- and multi-wave flutter oscillations.
A Bayesian Framework to Identify Random Parameter Fields Based on the Copula Theorem and Gaussian Fields: Application to Polycrystalline Materials
Authors: Rappel H. , Wu L. , Noels L. , Beex L. A. A.
Published: September 2019

For many models of solids, we frequently assume that the material parameters do not vary in space nor that they vary from one product realization to another. If the length scale of the application approaches the length scale of the microstructure however, spatially fluctuating parameter fields (which vary from one realization of the field to another) can be incorporated to make the model capture the stochasticity of the underlying micro-structure. Randomly fluctuating parameter fields are often described as Gaussian fields. Gaussian fields, however, assume that the probability density function of a material parameter at a given location is a univariate Gaussian distribution. This entails for instance that negative parameter values can be realized, whereas most material parameters have physical bounds (e.g., Young’s modulus cannot be negative). In this contribution, randomly fluctuating parameter fields are therefore described using the copula theorem and Gaussian fields, which allow different types of univariate marginal distributions to be incorporated but with the same correlation structure as Gaussian fields. It is convenient to keep the Gaussian correlation structure, as it allows us to draw samples from Gaussian fields and transform them into the new random fields. The benefit of this approach is that any type of univariate marginal distribution can be incorporated. If the selected univariate marginal distribution has bounds, unphysical material parameter values will never be realized. We then use Bayesian inference to identify the distribution parameters (which govern the random field). Bayesian inference regards the parameters that are to be identified as random variables and requires a user-defined prior distribution of the parameters to which the observations are inferred. For homogenized Young’s modulus of a columnar polycrystalline material of interest in this study, the results show that with a relatively wide prior (i.e., a prior distribution without strong assumptions), a single specimen is sufficient to accurately recover the distribution parameter values.
Envelopes, foci, and maxima of special trajectories
Authors: Mihas Pavlos
Published: September 2019

Some special orbits are presented. The envelopes of the trajectories are presented, as are the loci of their maxima and their foci. Some of them have critical parameters for the envelope, such as a critical angle or a critical angular velocity.
The Fourier spectrum of a singing wine glass
Authors: Leatherman Reuben , Dunlap Justin C. , Widenhorn Ralf
Published: September 2019

The phenomenon of the singing wineglass is familiar to many. Most people have run a finger along the rim of a wine glass with the right speed and pressure to get it to whistle a tone or perhaps heard a glass harmonica being played. However, have you ever noticed and wondered why the vibrations caused by a finger on a glass produce a pulsating sound, rather than a steady, constant-amplitude vibration? Further exploration reveals that the sound and pulsations of a wine glass vary depending on the way the wine glass is stimulated. In this paper, we investigate and model the characteristic sounds produced by three different cases: the pulsating sound exhibited by a finger run along the rim of a wine glass, the steady tone produced by a stationary finger on a rotating wine glass, and the decaying pulsations exhibited by a struck rotating wine glass. Analyzing the qualitative differences among these three cases provides opportunities for students to hone experimental, modeling, and data analysis skills in an intermediate level undergraduate experimental physics course.
The essential role of the transporter ABCG2 in the pathophysiology of erythropoietic protoporphyria
Authors: Wang Pengcheng , Sachar Madhav , Lu Jie , Shehu Amina I. , Zhu Junjie , Chen Jing , Liu Ke , Anderson Karl E. , Xie Wen , Gonzalez Frank J. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Ma Xiaochao
Published: September 2019

The transporter ABCG2 determines phototoxicity and hepatotoxicity in erythropoietic protoporphyria.
Large-scale RNAi screen identified Dhpr as a regulator of mitochondrial morphology and tissue homeostasis
Authors: Zhou Jia , Xu Lingna , Duan Xiuying , Liu Wei , Zhao Xiaocui , Wang Xi , Shang Weina , Fang Xuefei , Yang Huan , Jia Lijun , Bai Jian , Zhao Jiayao , Wang Liquan , Tong Chao
Published: September 2019

Dhpr regulates mitochondrial morphology by modulating S-nitrosylation of Drp1.
Simulation of Eocene extreme warmth and high climate sensitivity through cloud feedbacks
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Poulsen Christopher J. , Tierney Jessica E.
Published: September 2019

A state-of-the-art climate model successfully simulates Early Eocene extreme warmth and high climate sensitivity during the PETM.
Valuing time over money predicts happiness after a major life transition: A preregistered longitudinal study of graduating students
Authors: Whillans Ashley , Macchia Lucía , Dunn Elizabeth
Published: September 2019

People who value time may emerge from major life transitions happier than people who value money.
A robot made of robots: Emergent transport and control of a smarticle ensemble
Authors: Savoie William , Berrueta Thomas A. , Jackson Zachary , Pervan Ana , Warkentin Ross , Li Shengkai , Murphey Todd D. , Wiesenfeld Kurt , Goldman Daniel I.
Published: September 2019

Directed locomotion of a collective robot composed of stochastically interacting immotile robots was achieved.
You (don’t) give me fever
Authors: Brunner Patrick M.
Published: September 2019

A baseline transcriptional signature in peripheral blood is associated with protection from febrile malaria in children.
In Staphylococcus aureus, the Particulate State of the Cell Envelope Is Required for the Efficient Induction of Host Defense Responses
Authors: Kim ByungHyun , Jiang TingTing , Bae Jun-Hyun , Yun Hye Su , Jang Seong Han , Kim Jung Hyun , Kim Jae Deog , Hur Jin-Hoe , Shibata Kensuke , Kurokawa Kenji , Jung Yunjin , Peschel Andreas , Bae Taeok , Lee Bok Luel
Published: September 2019

Upon microbial infection, host immune cells recognize bacterial cell envelope components through cognate receptors. Although bacterial cell envelope components function as innate immune molecules, the role of the physical state of the bacterial cell envelope (i.e., particulate versus soluble) in host immune activation has not been clearly defined.
Characterization of the Chromosome Dimer Resolution Site in Caulobacter crescentus
Authors: Farrokhi Ali , Liu Hua , Szatmari George
Published: September 2019

Bacteria utilize site-specific recombination for a variety of purposes, including the control of gene expression, acquisition of genetic elements, and the resolution of dimeric chromosomes. Failure to resolve dimeric chromosomes can lead to cell division defects in a percentage of the cell population. The work presented here shows the existence of a chromosomal resolution system in
C. crescentus
. Defects in this resolution system result in the formation of chains of cells. Further understanding of how these cells remain linked together will help in the understanding of how chromosome segregation and cell division are linked in
C. crescentus
.
Automatic Identification of Individual
rpoB
Gene Mutations Responsible for Rifampin Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Use of Melting Temperature Signatures Generated by the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra Assay
Authors: Cao Yuan , Parmar Heta , Simmons Ann Marie , Kale Devika , Tong Kristy , Lieu Deanna , Persing David , Kwiatkowski Robert , Alland David , Chakravorty Soumitesh
Published: September 2019

Molecular surveillance of rifampin-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
can help to monitor the transmission of the disease. The Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay detects mutations in the rifampin resistance-determining region (RRDR) of the
rpoB
gene by the use of melting temperature (

T
m

) information from 4
rpoB
probes which can fall in one of the 9 different assay-specified

T
m

windows.
Tracking the Fate of Endogenous Retrovirus Segregation in Wild and Domestic Cats
Authors: Ngo Minh Ha , Arnal MaríaCruz , Sumi Ryosuke , Kawasaki Junna , Miyake Ariko , Grant Chris K. , Otoi Takeshige , Fernández de Luco Daniel , Nishigaki Kazuo
Published: September 2019

Domestic cats (
Felis silvestris catus
) were domesticated from wildcats approximately 9,000 years ago via close interaction between humans and cats. During cat evolution, various exogenous retroviruses infected different cat lineages and generated numerous ERVs in the host genome, some of which remain replication competent. Here, we detected several ERV-DC loci in
Felis silvestris silvestris
. Notably, a species-specific single nucleotide polymorphism in the ERV-DC14
env
gene, which results in a replication-defective product, is highly prevalent in European wildcats, unlike the replication-competent ERV-DC14 that is commonly present in domestic cats. The presence of the same lethal mutation in the
env
genes of both FeLV and murine ERV provides a common mechanism shared by endogenous and exogenous retroviruses by which ERVs can be inactivated after endogenization. The antiviral role of Refrex-1 predates cat exposure to feline retroviruses. The existence of two ERV-DC14 phenotypes provides a unique model for understanding both ERV fate and cat domestication.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Veillonella tobetsuensis Clinical Isolates from Intraoperative Bronchial Fluids of Elderly Patients with Pulmonary Carcinoma
Authors: Mashima Izumi , Miyoshi-Akiyama Tohru , Tomida Junko , Kutsuna Ryo , Washio Jumpei , Takahashi Nobuhiro , Nakazawa Futoshi , Sato Takuichi , Kawamura Yoshiaki
Published: September 2019

To date,
Veillonella tobetsuensis
has been known as an oral anaerobe and a facilitator of early-stage oral biofilm development with streptococci. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of 2 strains of
V. tobetsuensis
first isolated from intraoperative bronchial fluids of elderly patients with pulmonary carcinoma.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of
Streptomyces
sp. Strain UYFA156, a Cultivar-Specific Plant Growth-Promoting Endophyte of
Festuca arundinacea
Authors: Vaz Jauri Patricia , Beracochea Martín , Fernández Belén , Battistoni Federico
Published: September 2019

Streptomyces
spp. produce many and diverse bioactive metabolites. Plant growth-promoting (PGP) activity by
Streptomyces
spp. has been reported repeatedly; however, the mechanisms are largely unknown. We report the sequencing of the genome of a PGP endophytic
Streptomyces
sp. strain, which will contribute to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms for growth promotion.
Draft Genome Sequences of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp.
mycoides
Strains APF9 and AP108, Isolated in Nigeria in 2014 to 2016
Authors: Di Federico M. , Orsini M. , Ancora M. , Marcacci M. , Di Domenico M. , Krasteva I. , Zilli K. , Musa J. A. , Francis M. I. , Sacchini F. , Scacchia M. , Cammà C.
Published: September 2019

Mycoplasma mycoides
subsp.
mycoides
is the etiological agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP). While several findings on CBPP prevalence in Nigeria were documented, no data were reported about the genomic characterization of Nigerian
M. mycoides
subsp.
mycoides
strains. Here, we present the draft genome sequences of two novel
M. mycoides
subsp.
mycoides
strains isolated in Nigeria.
Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli Siphophage Sciku
Authors: Hernandez Isla , Castillo Micah , Moreland Russell , Liu Mei , Ramsey Jolene
Published: September 2019

Escherichia coli
is a Gram-negative bacterium that is found in humans and animals as both a commensal organism and a pathogen. This report describes the isolation of Sciku, a siphophage infecting
E. coli
4s, with 73 protein-coding genes. Genome comparisons suggest that Sciku is related to phages within
Guernseyvirinae
.
Physical Fitness Training in Patients with Subacute Stroke (PHYS-STROKE): multicentre, randomised controlled, endpoint blinded trial
Authors: Nave Alexander H , Rackoll Torsten , Grittner Ulrike , Bläsing Holger , Gorsler Anna , Nabavi Darius G , Audebert Heinrich J , Klostermann Fabian , Müller-Werdan Ursula , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth , Meisel Andreas , Endres Matthias , Hesse Stefan , Ebinger Martin , Flöel Agnes
Published: September 2019

Objective

To determine the safety and efficacy of aerobic exercise on activities of daily living in the subacute phase after stroke.

Design

Multicentre, randomised controlled, endpoint blinded trial.

Setting

Seven inpatient rehabilitation sites in Germany (2013-17).

Participants

200 adults with subacute stroke (days 5-45 after stroke) with a median National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS, range 0-42 points, higher values indicating more severe strokes) score of 8 (interquartile range 5-12) were randomly assigned (1:1) to aerobic physical fitness training (n=105) or relaxation sessions (n=95, control group) in addition to standard care.

Intervention

Participants received either aerobic, bodyweight supported, treadmill based physical fitness training or relaxation sessions, each for 25 minutes, five times weekly for four weeks, in addition to standard rehabilitation therapy. Investigators and endpoint assessors were masked to treatment assignment.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcomes were change in maximal walking speed (m/s) in the 10 m walking test and change in Barthel index scores (range 0-100 points, higher scores indicating less disability) three months after stroke compared with baseline. Safety outcomes were recurrent cardiovascular events, including stroke, hospital readmissions, and death within three months after stroke. Efficacy was tested with analysis of covariance for each primary outcome in the full analysis set. Multiple imputation was used to account for missing values.

Results

Compared with relaxation, aerobic physical fitness training did not result in a significantly higher mean change in maximal walking speed (adjusted treatment effect 0.1 m/s (95% confidence interval 0.0 to 0.2 m/s), P=0.23) or mean change in Barthel index score (0 (−5 to 5), P=0.99) at three months after stroke. A higher rate of serious adverse events was observed in the aerobic group compared with relaxation group (incidence rate ratio 1.81, 95% confidence interval 0.97 to 3.36).

Conclusions

Among moderately to severely affected adults with subacute stroke, aerobic bodyweight supported, treadmill based physical fitness training was not superior to relaxation sessions for maximal walking speed and Barthel index score but did suggest higher rates of adverse events. These results do not appear to support the use of aerobic bodyweight supported fitness training in people with subacute stroke to improve activities of daily living or maximal walking speed and should be considered in future guidelines.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01953549.
Identifying and quantifying variation between healthcare organisations and geographical regions: using mixed-effects models
Authors: Abel Gary , Elliott Marc N
Published: September 2019

When the degree of variation between healthcare organisations or geographical regions is quantified, there is often a failure to account for the role of chance, which can lead to an overestimation of the true variation. Mixed-effects models account for the role of chance and estimate the true/underlying variation between organisations or regions. In this paper, we explore how a random intercept model can be applied to rate or proportion indicators and how to interpret the estimated variance parameter.
A 20-year experiment on the effects of deer and hare on eastern hemlock regeneration
Authors: Alverson William S. , Lea Marian V. , Waller Donald M.
Published: September 2019

Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) is a shade-tolerant, slow-growing tree once common in forests across the Great Lakes region. It was heavily exploited in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and now experiences limited regeneration across much of its range. This failure to regenerate has been ascribed to poor seedbed conditions, insufficient canopy openings, warmer climate, and browsing by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)) or snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus Erxleben, 1777). To test whether deer or hare limit hemlock regeneration, we studied >2000 hemlock seedlings inside and adjacent to experimental deer exclosures at 59 sites randomly distributed across hemlock and hemlock-component stands in northern Wisconsin and the western Upper Peninsula of Michigan in the United States. We monitored local deer and hare abundance, seedling growth, and seedling survival for 20 years. Two First Nations reservations showed lower deer density and greater survival and growth of unprotected seedlings than three national forests of the United States. Cohorts of hemlock seedlings protected from deer survived at a rate four times higher than those exposed to deer (59.3% vs. 15.0%) and shared a combined height 5.2 times greater. Hare densities significantly affected seedling survival only within exclosures. This extensive, long-term study identifies deer as the primary factor constraining hemlock regeneration in the region.
Twenty actions for a “good Anthropocene”—perspectives from early-career conservation professionals
Authors: Jeanson Amanda L. , Soroye Peter , Kadykalo Andrew N. , Ward Taylor D. , Paquette Emmelie , Abrams Alice E.I. , Algera Dirk A. , Demers Dominic , Epp Liam J. , Giles Mark P. , Litt Margaret A. , Manouchehri Beckie A. , James Remus J. , McBeth Samantha , Paradis Anouk , Pittet Loïc , Sebes James , Steell S. Clay , Thompson Andrew , Tremblay Philippe , Tuononen Erik I. , Kerr Jeremy T. , Bennett Joseph R. , Cooke Steven J.
Published: September 2019

Humans are now recognized as the main drivers of environmental change, leaving the future of our planet dependent on human action or inaction. Although the outlook of our planet is often depicted in a “doom and gloom” manner due to recent troubling environmental trends, we suggest that a “good Anthropocene” (in which human quality of life may be maintained or improved without cost to the environment) is attainable if we engage in adaptive, multi-disciplinary actions capable of addressing the socio-ecological issues of today and tomorrow. Early-career conservation scientists and practitioners have an unmatched understanding of novel technologies and social connectivity and, as those left with the ever-growing responsibility to be the problem solvers of the attributed increasing environmental consequences of living in the Anthropocene, their perspectives on steps towards a good Anthropocene are valuable. Here we present a list of 20 actions derived by early-career conservation scientists and practitioners for conservationists to help achieve a good Anthropocene that utilize the social connectivity and technology of today. Central to these actions are the notions that multi-, inter-, and trans-disciplinary collaboratives that embrace diverse world views need to be integrated into decision-making processes; training and outreach platforms need to communicate both environmental challenges and solutions broadly; and conservation successes need to be acknowledged and disseminated in a forward-looking, adaptive capacity. Together the 20 actions identified here reinforce the underlying paradigm shift that must accompany living in the Anthropocene, given that biodiversity and healthy ecosystems are requisite for sustained human life. By sharing this list of actions, we look to promote positive socio-environmental changes towards the collective goal of achieving a good Anthropocene.
Identifying the most influential roads based on traffic correlation networks
Authors: Guo Shengmin , Zhou Dong , Fan Jingfang , Tong Qingfeng , Zhu Tongyu , Lv Weifeng , Li Daqing , Havlin Shlomo
Published: September 2019

Prediction of traffic congestion is one of the core issues in the realization of smart traffic. Accurate prediction depends on understanding of interactions and correlations between different city locations. While many methods merely consider the spatio-temporal correlation between two locations, here we propose a new approach of capturing the correlation network in a city based on realtime traffic data. We use the weighted degree and the impact distance as the two major measures to identify the most influential locations. A road segment with larger weighted degree or larger impact distance suggests that its traffic flow can strongly influence neighboring road sections driven by the congestion propagation. Using these indices, we find that the statistical properties of the identified correlation network is stable in different time periods during a day, including morning rush hours, evening rush hours, and the afternoon normal time respectively. Our work provides a new framework for assessing interactions between different local traffic flows. The captured correlation network between different locations might facilitate future studies on predicting and controlling the traffic flows.
Bartnik mass via vacuum extensions
Authors: Miao Pengzi , Xie Naqing
Published: September 2019

We construct asymptotically flat, scalar flat extensions of Bartnik data [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a metric of positive Gauss curvature on a two-sphere [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is a function that is either positive or identically zero on [Formula: see text], such that the mass of the extension can be made arbitrarily close to the half area radius of [Formula: see text].

In the case of [Formula: see text], the result gives an analog of a theorem of Mantoulidis and Schoen [On the Bartnik mass of apparent horizons, Class. Quantum Grav. 32(20) (2015) 205002, 16 pp.], but with extensions that have vanishing scalar curvature. In the context of initial data sets in general relativity, the result produces asymptotically flat, time-symmetric, vacuum initial data with an apparent horizon [Formula: see text], for any metric [Formula: see text] with positive Gauss curvature, such that the mass of the initial data is arbitrarily close to the optimal value in the Riemannian Penrose inequality.

The method we use is the Shi–Tam type metric construction from [Positive mass theorem and the boundary behaviors of compact manifolds with nonnegative scalar curvature, J. Differential Geom. 62(1) (2002) 79–125] and a refined Shi–Tam monotonicity, found by the first named author in [On a localized Riemannian Penrose inequality, Commun. Math. Phys. 292(1) (2009) 271–284].
Bergman kernel on Riemann surfaces and Kähler metric on symmetric products
Authors: Aryasomayajula Anilatmaja , Biswas Indranil
Published: September 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be a compact hyperbolic Riemann surface equipped with the Poincaré metric. For any integer [Formula: see text], we investigate the Bergman kernel associated to the holomorphic Hermitian line bundle [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the holomorphic cotangent bundle of [Formula: see text]. Our first main result estimates the corresponding Bergman metric on [Formula: see text] in terms of the Poincaré metric. We then consider a certain natural embedding of the symmetric product of [Formula: see text] into a Grassmannian parametrizing subspaces of fixed dimension of the space of all global holomorphic sections of [Formula: see text]. The Fubini–Study metric on the Grassmannian restricts to a Kähler metric on the symmetric product of [Formula: see text]. The volume form for this restricted metric on the symmetric product is estimated in terms of the Bergman kernel of [Formula: see text] and the volume form for the orbifold Kähler form on the symmetric product given by the Poincaré metric on [Formula: see text].
A quantitative nonequilibrium phase transition theory for analyzing the turbulence development process
Authors: Zhou Zhuo , Wu Jiu Hui , Liang Xiao , Yuan Xiaoyang , Lin Mei , Ma Fuyin
Published: September 2019

In this paper, a quantitative nonequilibrium multi-dimensional phase transition theory is proposed for describing the turbulence spectrum (energy E with wave number k and scaling index [Formula: see text]) of the turbulence development process by a fold catastrophe model. Each of the control variables in this catastrophe model is subtly expressed into a relative multi-parameter multiplication, and then the state variable can be quantitatively described by these parameters. By using this nonequilibrium phase transition theory, the quantitative relationship in the process of turbulence formation can be strictly derived through dimensionless analysis. Therefore, the turbulence development process can be described with respect to a scaling index [Formula: see text], in which there exists an energy containing range with −1.12 power law (E [Formula: see text] k[Formula: see text]) when [Formula: see text] varies from −2 to −1.2, and an inertial subrange with −1.69 power law (E [Formula: see text] k[Formula: see text]) that is almost identical with the famous Kolmogorov’s −5/3 power law when [Formula: see text] varies from −1.2 to −0.8, and then the dissipation range with −2.52 power law (E [Formula: see text] k[Formula: see text]) when [Formula: see text] varies from −0.8 to 0. Furthermore, this quantitative nonequilibrium phase transition theory has been verified by the corresponding theoretical comparison and experiment. This theory provides not only a new understanding of turbulence, but also a new perspective for other complex nonequilibrium phase transitions.
Study on aluminum concentration on optical and electrical properties of AZO thin films fabricated by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis
Authors: Yang Weiguang , He Miao , Yang Liu , Zhou Ziliang , Zhang Xiaoying , Wei Lai , Liu Miao , Zhou Mu , Zhou Ping , Xia Chuanhui , Wang Feng
Published: September 2019

In this work, transparent and conductive Al-doped ZnO (AZO) nanofilms were prepared on quartz substrate by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) method. The effects of Al/Zn atomic ratios on the micro-structural, morphological, optical photoluminescence and electrical properties of AZO thin films were effectively investigated. All the prepared samples showed hexagonal wurtzite structure. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface morphology of all samples changed with the substrate temperature. The average transmittance of all AZO samples was higher than 85% in the visible region. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the samples showed that the near band edge emission in PL spectra shifted to shorter wavelengths with increasing Al-doped concentration. The lowest sheet resistance was obtained for the samples prepared with 4% at. Al-doped value. The electrical conductivity of AZO films was improved by Al doping, which allowed their use as optoelectronic materials.
Intelligent Control of Flexible Joint Manipulator Based on Dynamic Pattern Recognition
Authors: Zhang Ya
Published: September 2019

With the rapid development of intelligent manufacturing and Internet technology, the industrial system has entered a new stage of development. As an indispensable carrier for intelligent manufacturing and industrial development, robots are expanding their applications. Among them, the flexible mechanical arm has the advantages of light weight, low energy consumption and low inertia compared with the bulky rigid mechanical arm, and has been increasingly valued. The flexible manipulator is a very complex dynamic system whose dynamic equations are characterized by nonlinearity, strong coupling and time-varying. Therefore, this paper uses the most common and effective method to establish the dynamic model of the flexible manipulator using the Lagrange equation. Due to the uncertain system parameters, lack of control of the trajectory and the influence of load changes and external disturbances, the flexible manipulator has great uncertainty in its control process, and the traditional control methods have not very good control effect. Based on this, this paper proposes a combination of dynamic pattern recognition theory and flexible joint manipulator intelligent control method for the two-link flexible manipulator, and uses the new GA-RBF neural network closed-loop adaptive control method to achieve high precision. Trajectory tracking ensures stability in a shorter time. The simulation results show that the intelligent joint control method based on dynamic pattern recognition has better trajectory tracking and autonomous fast recognition dynamic mode.
Weld Image Recognition Algorithm Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Li Yan , Hu Miao , Wang Taiyong
Published: September 2019

As an important part of metal processing, welding is widely used in industrial manufacturing activities, and its application scenarios are very extensive. Due to technical limitations, the welding process always unavoidably leaves weld defects. Weld defects are extremely hazardous, and the work used must be guaranteed to be defect-free, regardless of the field. However, manual weld inspection has subjective factors such as inefficiency and easy missed detection, and although some automatic weld inspection methods have appeared, these traditional methods still do not meet actual demand in terms of detection time and detection accuracy. Therefore, there is a need for a higher quality weld image automatic detection method to replace the manual method and the traditional automatic detection method. In view of the above, this paper proposes a weld seam image recognition algorithm based on deep learning. The Adam adaptive moment estimation algorithm is chosen as the backpropagation optimization algorithm to accelerate the training of convolutional neural networks and design an independent adaptive learning rate. Through the simulation of the collected 4500 tube images, the adaptive threshold-based method is used for weld seam extraction. The algorithm proposed in this paper is compared with the weld seam recognition method based on image texture feature value distribution (ITFVD) and the SUSAN-based weld defect target detection method. The results show that the proposed method can identify weld defects in a short time on different sizes of weld images, and can further detect the type of weld defects. In addition, the method in this paper is better than the other two methods in the false detection rate, recall rate and overall recognition accuracy, which shows that the experimental results have achieved the expected results.
Implementation of Classification and Recognition Algorithm for Text Information Based on Support Vector Machine
Authors: Zhang Li
Published: September 2019

At present, Internet data is the world’s largest data resource database. In order to realize fast and automatic intelligent classification, it is of great significance to develop automatic classification of public security intelligent data systems. This paper studies the actual needs of public security information text classification, analyzes the text automatic classification technology support vector machine (SVM) theory and designs and implements SVM-based public security information, and also realizes the classification system of public security information. Automatic classification provides support for subsequent text mining systems and text searches and designs the performance of the system. After optimization and testing, the system was found to have good practical application results.
The Accuracy of Low-Altitude Photogrammetry of Drones
Authors: Guo Nan , Li Yongbin
Published: September 2019

This paper uses the Haida iFLY-U3 fixed-wing UAV for image data acquisition. Based on UAV low-altitude photogrammetry technology, field control measurement method, such as Agisoft PhotoScan and Pix4D Mapper software, can process and produce DEM and DOM. Practical research on the processes and key technologies of digital products is under process. The field checkpoint measurement for the accuracy of DOM digital products made by low-altitude digital photogrammetry technology creates a basis for the practical application and development of digital products. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (a) The basic principles and processes of digital products for drone remote sensing image production, such as control point layout and measurement methods. (b) Based on the UAV photography technology, the digital product DOM and the field measurement control point accuracy evaluation are generated. (c). The polynomial curve digital model method is used to solve the elevation correction value, and the quadratic polynomial fitting model of the elevation point of the internal digital product is established, and the precision analysis is carried out.
Virtualization and n-writhes for virtual knots
Authors: Ohyama Yoshiyuki , Sakurai Migiwa
Published: September 2019

Satoh and Taniguchi introduced the [Formula: see text]-writhe [Formula: see text] for each non-zero integer [Formula: see text], which is an invariant for virtual knots. The [Formula: see text]-writhes give the coefficients of some polynomial invariants for virtual knots including the index polynomial, the odd writhe polynomial and the affine index polynomial. It is obvious that the virtualization of a real crossing is an unknotting operation for virtual knots. The values of [Formula: see text]-writhes changed by some local moves are calculated. However for the virtualization, it is unknown. In this paper, we show that for any given non-zero integer [Formula: see text] and any given integer [Formula: see text], there exists a virtual knot whose unknotting number by the virtualization is one and the value of the [Formula: see text]-writhe equals [Formula: see text]. Namely, the virtualization of a real crossing changes the value of [Formula: see text]-writhe by any given integer [Formula: see text].
Some U(d1 + d2) ⊃ U(d1) ⊗ U(d2) isoscalar factors involving two-rowed initial and final representations
Authors: Ganev H. G.
Published: September 2019

The elementary (one-particle) [Formula: see text] isoscalar factors, involving two-rowed initial and final irreducible representations (irreps), are obtained. Using the latter, further some of the multiplicity-free [Formula: see text] isoscalar factors, involving the [Formula: see text] couplings of the type [Formula: see text], are obtained using the building-up procedure. The present results extend the ones obtained earlier for the one-rowed initial and final irreps.
Moving Element Method for Dynamic Analyses of Functionally Graded Plates Resting on Pasternak Foundation Subjected to Moving Harmonic Load
Authors: Luong Van Hai , Cao Tan Ngoc Than , Lieu Qui X. , Nguyen Xuan Vu
Published: September 2019

This paper presents the moving element method (MEM) for dynamic analyses of functionally graded (FG) plates resting on Pasternak foundation under moving harmonic load. The Mindlin plate theory is used to model the FG plates. Macroscopic material properties of FG plates are assumed to continuously vary across the thickness direction by a simple power-law distribution. The governing equation of the FG plate is formulated in a coordinate system which moves along with the applied load. In addition, the method simply treats the moving load as “stationary” at the discretized node of plate to completely eliminate the update procedure of force vector due to the change of contact point with elements. To verify the accuracy of the computational paradigm, static and free vibration analyses of FG plates are examined first. Dynamic analyses of FG plates subjected to a moving harmonic load are then conducted to investigate the effects of various parameters such as volume fraction exponent, Young’ modulus, load velocity, foundation damping coefficient and load acceleration/deceleration on dynamic responses of the plate.
USING EMPLOYEE CREATIVITY TO UNPACK THE ‘BLACK BOX’ IN THE HIGH-PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEM (HPWS)-FIRM PERFORMANCE NEXUS
Authors: ISMAIL ABDUSSALAAM IYANDA , ABDUL-MAJID ABDUL-HALIM , AMEEN ABDULLATEEF , RAZA SAQLAIN , TOMILAYO AKINDELE IYIOLA
Published: September 2019

The extant research findings have identified lacunas (i.e. gaps, unresolved issues, and black box) in the High-Performance Work System (HPWS)-Performance relationship and suggested usage of a mechanism (mediator) that can close up the identified lacunas. Thus, this study investigates whether employee creativity can play a mediating role in the relationship between HPWS and firm non-financial performance. The sample size of the study is 518, and respondents were selected through stratified sampling technique. Data were collected from the sampled 518 managers in Nigerian firms. Partial Least Squares (PLS) algorithm and bootstrapping techniques were used for data analysis. The result indicates that employee creativity competitively/partially mediates the relationship between HPWS and non-financial performance. Employee creativity represents an appropriate mechanism to explain the relationship between HPWS and non-financial performance. Hence, the positive indirect effect via the mediator variable (employee creativity) reveals the ‘true’ relationship between HPWS and non-financial performance. This result implies that HPWS may not necessarily enhance non-financial performance. Ill-configured HPWS could jeopardize non-financial performance, but HPWS that stimulates employee creativity would enhance non-financial performance. Lastly, the implications, limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Stochastic stability and Hopf bifurcation analysis of a singular bio-economic model with stochastic fluctuations
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Na , Zhang Jianyu
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we study a class of singular stochastic bio-economic models described by differential-algebraic equations due to the influence of economic factors. Simplifying the model through a stochastic averaging method, we obtained a two-dimensional diffusion process of averaged amplitude and phase. Stochastic stability and Hopf bifurcations can be analytically determined based on the singular boundary theory of diffusion process, the Maximal Lyapunov exponent and the invariant measure theory. The critical value of the stochastic Hopf bifurcation parameter is obtained and the position of Hopf bifurcation drifting with the parameter increase is presented as a result. Practical example is presented to verify the effectiveness of the results.
MnO2 Nanorods Embedded Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite with Ultrahigh Specific Capacitance and Excellent Cyclic Stability for High Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Sajjad Muhammad , Iqbal Azhar , Khan Muhammad Ibrar , Qureshi Muhammad Tauseef , Khan Yaqoob
Published: September 2019

Excellent cycling stability along with a high specific capacitance of the electrode material is the primary requirement for supercapacitor (SC) in recent years. Exceptionally simple and cost-effective solution process is employed for the first time to prepare [Formula: see text]-MnO2/rGO composites, in which KMnO4 content varies from (2[Formula: see text]mg, 4[Formula: see text]mg, 6[Formula: see text]mg and 8[Formula: see text]mg). The morphological analysis showed that [Formula: see text]-MnO2/rGO composites possess nanorod like morphology and were fully covered with rGO sheet. Among all composites, the sample with 6[Formula: see text]mg content of KMnO4 denoted as [Formula: see text]-MnO2/rGO composite (S–3) showed excellent supercapacitive performance with a specific capacitance of 720[Formula: see text]F/g at a current density of 4 A g[Formula: see text] with excellent cycling stability of 93% after 2000 cycles. Furthermore, these nanocomposites showed excellent supercapacitive properties with specific capacitances of 720–498 F/g at the current density of 4 A g[Formula: see text] with cycling stabilities of 71%, 68% and 60%, respectively.