bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHANGS–JWST First Results: Duration of the Early Phase of Massive Star Formation in NGC 628
Authors: Kim Jaeyeon , Chevance Mélanie , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Barnes Ashley. T. , Bigiel Frank , Blanc Guillermo A. , Boquien Médéric , Cao Yixian , Congiu Enrico , Dale Daniel A. , Egorov Oleg V. , Faesi Christopher M. , Glover Simon C. O. , Grasha Kathryn , Groves Brent , Hassani Hamid , Hughes Annie , Klessen Ralf S. , Kreckel Kathryn , Larson Kirsten L. , Lee Janice C. , Leroy Adam K. , Liu Daizhong , Longmore Steven N. , Meidt Sharon E. , Pan Hsi-An , Pety Jérôme , Querejeta Miguel , Rosolowsky Erik , Saito Toshiki , Sandstrom Karin , Schinnerer Eva , Smith Rowan J. , Usero Antonio , Watkins Elizabeth J. , Williams Thomas G.
Published: February 2023

The earliest stages of star formation, when young stars are still deeply embedded in their natal clouds, represent a critical phase in the matter cycle between gas clouds and young stellar regions. Until now, the high-resolution infrared observations required for characterizing this heavily obscured phase (during which massive stars have formed, but optical emission is not detected) could only be obtained for a handful of the most nearby galaxies. One of the main hurdles has been the limited angular resolution of the Spitzer Space Telescope. With the revolutionary capabilities of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), it is now possible to investigate the matter cycle during the earliest phases of star formation as a function of the galactic environment. In this Letter, we demonstrate this by measuring the duration of the embedded phase of star formation and the implied time over which molecular clouds remain inert in the galaxy NGC 628 at a distance of 9.8 Mpc, demonstrating that the cosmic volume where this measurement can be made has increased by a factor of >100 compared to Spitzer. We show that young massive stars remain embedded for

5.1

−
1.4

+
2.7

Myr (

2.3

−
1.4

+
2.7

Myr of which being heavily obscured), representing ∼20% of the total cloud lifetime. These values are in broad agreement with previous measurements in five nearby (D < 3.5 Mpc) galaxies and constitute a proof of concept for the systematic characterization of the early phase of star formation across the nearby galaxy population with the PHANGS–JWST survey.
PHANGS–JWST First Results: Stellar-feedback-driven Excitation and Dissociation of Molecular Gas in the Starburst Ring of NGC 1365?
Authors: Liu Daizhong , Schinnerer Eva , Cao Yixian , Leroy Adam , Usero Antonio , Rosolowsky Erik , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Chevance Mélanie , Glover Simon C. O. , Sormani Mattia C. , Bolatto Alberto D. , Sun Jiayi , Stuber Sophia K. , Teng Yu-Hsuan , Bigiel Frank , Bešlić Ivana , Grasha Kathryn , Henshaw Jonathan D. , Barnes Ashley T. , den Brok Jakob S. , Saito Toshiki , Dale Daniel A. , Watkins Elizabeth J. , Pan Hsi-An , Klessen Ralf S. , Emsellem Eric , Anand Gagandeep S. , Deger Sinan , Egorov Oleg V. , Faesi Christopher M. , Hassani Hamid , Larson Kirsten L. , Lee Janice C. , Lopez Laura A. , Pety Jérôme , Sandstrom Karin , Thilker David A. , Whitmore Bradley C. , Williams Thomas G.
Published: February 2023

We compare embedded young massive star clusters (YMCs) to (sub-)millimeter line observations tracing the excitation and dissociation of molecular gas in the starburst ring of NGC 1365. This galaxy hosts one of the strongest nuclear starbursts and richest populations of YMCs within 20 Mpc. Here we combine near-/mid-IR PHANGS–JWST imaging with new Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array multi-J CO (1–0, 2–1 and 4–3) and [C
i] (1–0) mapping, which we use to trace CO excitation via R
42 = I
CO(4−3)/I
CO(2−1) and R
21 = I
CO(2−1)/I
CO(1−0) and dissociation via R
CICO = I
[CI](1−0)/I
CO(2−1) at 330 pc resolution. We find that the gas flowing into the starburst ring from northeast to southwest appears strongly affected by stellar feedback, showing decreased excitation (lower R
42) and increased signatures of dissociation (higher R
CICO) in the downstream regions. There, radiative-transfer modeling suggests that the molecular gas density decreases and temperature and [CI/CO] abundance ratio increase. We compare R
42 and R
CICO with local conditions across the regions and find that both correlate with near-IR 2 μm emission tracing the YMCs and with both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (11.3 μm) and dust continuum (21 μm) emission. In general, R
CICO exhibits ∼0.1 dex tighter correlations than R
42, suggesting C
i to be a more sensitive tracer of changing physical conditions in the NGC 1365 starburst than CO (4–3). Our results are consistent with a scenario where gas flows into the two arm regions along the bar, becomes condensed/shocked, forms YMCs, and then these YMCs heat and dissociate the gas.
PHANGS–JWST First Results: Rapid Evolution of Star Formation in the Central Molecular Gas Ring of NGC 1365
Authors: Schinnerer Eva , Emsellem Eric , Henshaw Jonathan D. , Liu Daizhong , Meidt Sharon E. , Querejeta Miguel , Renaud Florent , Sormani Mattia C. , Sun Jiayi , Egorov Oleg V. , Larson Kirsten L. , Leroy Adam K. , Rosolowsky Erik , Sandstrom Karin M. , Williams T. G. , Barnes Ashley. T. , Bigiel F. , Chevance Mélanie , Cao Yixian , Chandar Rupali , Dale Daniel A. , Eibensteiner Cosima , Glover Simon C. O. , Grasha Kathryn , Hannon Stephen , Hassani Hamid , Kim Jaeyeon , Klessen Ralf S. , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Murphy Eric J. , Neumann Justus , Pan Hsi-An , Pety Jérôme , Saito Toshiki , Stuber Sophia K. , Treß Robin G. , Usero Antonio , Watkins Elizabeth J. , Whitmore Bradley C. ,   PHANGS
Published: February 2023

Large-scale bars can fuel galaxy centers with molecular gas, often leading to the development of dense ringlike structures where intense star formation occurs, forming a very different environment compared to galactic disks. We pair ∼0.″3 (30 pc) resolution new JWST/MIRI imaging with archival ALMA CO(2–1) mapping of the central ∼5 kpc of the nearby barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 to investigate the physical mechanisms responsible for this extreme star formation. The molecular gas morphology is resolved into two well-known bright bar lanes that surround a smooth dynamically cold gas disk (R
gal ∼ 475 pc) reminiscent of non-star-forming disks in early-type galaxies and likely fed by gas inflow triggered by stellar feedback in the lanes. The lanes host a large number of JWST-identified massive young star clusters. We find some evidence for temporal star formation evolution along the ring. The complex kinematics in the gas lanes reveal strong streaming motions and may be consistent with convergence of gas streamlines expected there. Indeed, the extreme line widths are found to be the result of inter-“cloud” motion between gas peaks; ScousePy decomposition reveals multiple components with line widths of 〈σ
CO,scouse〉 ≈ 19 km s−1 and surface densities of

〈

Σ

H

2

,
scouse

〉

≈

800

M

⊙

pc

−
2

, similar to the properties observed throughout the rest of the central molecular gas structure. Tailored hydrodynamical simulations exhibit many of the observed properties and imply that the observed structures are transient and highly time-variable. From our study of NGC 1365, we conclude that it is predominantly the high gas inflow triggered by the bar that is setting the star formation in its CMZ.
PHANGS–JWST First Results: Variations in PAH Fraction as a Function of ISM Phase and Metallicity
Authors: Chastenet Jérémy , Sutter Jessica , Sandstrom Karin , Belfiore Francesco , Egorov Oleg V. , Larson Kirsten L. , Leroy Adam K. , Liu Daizhong , Rosolowsky Erik , Thilker David A. , Watkins Elizabeth J. , Williams Thomas G. , Barnes Ashley. T. , Bigiel Frank , Boquien Médéric , Chevance Mélanie , Chiang 江 I-Da 宜 達 , Dale Daniel A. , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Emsellem Eric , Grasha Kathryn , Groves Brent , Hassani Hamid , Hughes Annie , Kreckel Kathryn , Meidt Sharon E. , Rickards Vaught Ryan J. , Sardone Amy , Schinnerer Eva
Published: February 2023

We present maps tracing the fraction of dust in the form of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in IC 5332, NGC 628, NGC 1365, and NGC 7496 from JWST/MIRI observations. We trace the PAH fraction by combining the F770W (7.7 μm) and F1130W (11.3 μm) filters to track ionized and neutral PAH emission, respectively, and comparing the PAH emission to F2100W, which traces small, hot dust grains. We find the average R
PAH = (F770W + F1130W)/F2100W values of 3.3, 4.7, 5.1, and 3.6 in IC 5332, NGC 628, NGC 1365, and NGC 7496, respectively. We find that H ii regions traced by MUSE Hα show a systematically low PAH fraction. The PAH fraction remains relatively constant across other galactic environments, with slight variations. We use CO+Hi +Hα to trace the interstellar gas phase and find that the PAH fraction decreases above a value of

I

H
α

/

Σ

H
I
+

H

2

∼

10

37.5

erg

s

−
1

kpc

−
2

(

M

⊙

pc

−
2

)

−
1

in all four galaxies. Radial profiles also show a decreasing PAH fraction with increasing radius, correlated with lower metallicity, in line with previous results showing a strong metallicity dependence to the PAH fraction. Our results suggest that the process of PAH destruction in ionized gas operates similarly across the four targets.
PHANGS–JWST First Results: Massive Young Star Clusters and New Insights from JWST Observations of NGC 1365
Authors: Whitmore Bradley C. , Chandar Rupali , Rodríguez M. Jimena , Lee Janice C. , Emsellem Eric , Floyd Matthew , Kim Hwihyun , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Mok Angus , Sormani Mattia C. , Boquien Médéric , Dale Daniel A. , Faesi Christopher M. , Henny Kiana F. , Hannon Stephen , Thilker David A. , White Richard L. , Barnes Ashley T. , Bigiel F. , Chevance Mélanie , Henshaw Jonathan D. , Klessen Ralf S. , Leroy Adam K. , Liu Daizhong , Maschmann Daniel , Meidt Sharon E. , Rosolowsky Erik , Schinnerer Eva , Sun Jiayi , Watkins Elizabeth J. , Williams Thomas G.
Published: February 2023

A primary new capability of JWST is the ability to penetrate the dust in star-forming galaxies to identify and study the properties of young star clusters that remain embedded in dust and gas. In this Letter we combine new infrared images taken with JWST with our optical Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images of the starbursting barred (Seyfert2) spiral galaxy NGC 1365. We find that this galaxy has the richest population of massive young clusters of any known galaxy within 30 Mpc, with ∼30 star clusters that are more massive than 106
M
⊙ and younger than 10 Myr. Sixteen of these clusters are newly discovered from our JWST observations. An examination of the optical images reveals that 4 of 30 (∼13%) are so deeply embedded that they cannot be seen in the Hubble I band (A

V
≳ 10 mag), and that 11 of 30 (∼37%) are missing in the HST B band, so age and mass estimates from optical measurements alone are challenging. These numbers suggest that massive clusters in NGC 1365 remain completely obscured in the visible for ∼1.3 ± 0.7 Myr and are either completely or partially obscured for ∼3.7 ± 1.1 Myr. We also use the JWST observations to gain new insights into the triggering of star cluster formation by the collision of gas and dust streamers with gas and dust in the bar. The JWST images reveal previously unknown structures (e.g., bridges and overshoot regions from stars that form in the bar) that help us better understand the orbital dynamics of barred galaxies and associated star-forming rings. Finally, we note that the excellent spatial resolution of the NIRCAM F200W filter provides a better way to separate barely resolved compact clusters from individual stars based on their sizes.
PHANGS–JWST First Results: The Dust Filament Network of NGC 628 and Its Relation to Star Formation Activity
Authors: Thilker David A. , Lee Janice C. , Deger Sinan , Barnes Ashley T. , Bigiel Frank , Boquien Médéric , Cao Yixian , Chevance Mélanie , Dale Daniel A. , Egorov Oleg V. , Glover Simon C. O. , Grasha Kathryn , Henshaw Jonathan D. , Klessen Ralf S. , Koch Eric , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Leroy Adam K. , Lessing Ryan A. , Meidt Sharon E. , Pinna Francesca , Querejeta Miguel , Rosolowsky Erik , Sandstrom Karin M. , Schinnerer Eva , Smith Rowan J. , Watkins Elizabeth J. , Williams Thomas G. , Anand Gagandeep S. , Belfiore Francesco , Blanc Guillermo A. , Chandar Rupali , Congiu Enrico , Emsellem Eric , Groves Brent , Kreckel Kathryn , Larson Kirsten L. , Liu Daizhong , Pessa Ismael , Whitmore Bradley C.
Published: February 2023

PHANGS–JWST mid-infrared (MIR) imaging of nearby spiral galaxies has revealed ubiquitous filaments of dust emission in intricate detail. We present a pilot study to systematically map the dust filament network (DFN) at multiple scales between 25 and 400 pc in NGC 628. MIRI images at 7.7, 10, 11.3, and 21 μm of NGC 628 are used to generate maps of the filaments in emission, while PHANGS–HST B-band imaging yields maps of dust attenuation features. We quantify the correspondence between filaments traced by MIR thermal continuum/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission and filaments detected via extinction/scattering of visible light; the fraction of MIR flux contained in the DFN; and the fraction of H ii regions, young star clusters, and associations within the DFN. We examine the dependence of these quantities on the physical scale at which the DFN is extracted. With our highest-resolution DFN maps (25 pc filament width), we find that filaments in emission and attenuation are cospatial in 40% of sight lines, often exhibiting detailed morphological agreement; that ∼30% of the MIR flux is associated with the DFN; and that 75%–80% of the star formation in H ii regions and 60% of the mass in star clusters younger than 5 Myr are contained within the DFN. However, the DFN at this scale is anticorrelated with looser associations of stars younger than 5 Myr identified using PHANGS–HST near-UV imaging. We discuss the impact of these findings on studies of star formation and the interstellar medium, and the broad range of new investigations enabled by multiscale maps of the DFN.
Revised Radiative Response Coefficients for the Curiosity Rover Mastcam from Direct Solar Images and Analog Tests
Authors: Lemmon M. T. , Bell J. F. , Hayes A. G.
Published: February 2023

We have used solar images taken by the Curiosity rover’s Mastcam to derive new radiometric response coefficients. In addition, we used calibration data from the Perseverance rover’s Mastcam-Z instrument, which used the same detector, to estimate temperature sensitivity of the radiative response. The new coefficients allow calibration of raw data to radiance using the illuminant (the Sun) as the calibration source. Compared to the original pre-flight and early in-flight calibration, the revised calibration is expected to be more consistent across instrument temperature and allow for a self-consistent conversion to radiance factor values when contemporaneous calibration target images are not available or not appropriate. The revised coefficients were incorporated in a recalibration of Mastcam radiance products.
Convolutional Neural Network Model to Segment Myocardial Infarction from MRI Images
Authors: Shaaf Zakarya Farea , Muhammad Mahadi Abdul Jamil  , Radzi Ambar
Published: February 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the deadliest cardiac diseases that require more consideration. Recently, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been applied as a standard technique for assessing such diseases. The segmentation of the left ventricle (LV) and myocardium from MRI images is vital in detecting MI disease at its early stages. The automatic segmentation of LV is still challenging due to the complex structures of MRI images, inhomogeneous LV shape and moving organs around the LV, such as the lungs and diaphragm. Thus, this study proposed a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for LV and myocardium segmentation to detect MI. The layers selection and hyper-parameters fine-tuning were applied before the training phase. The model showed robust performance based on the evaluation metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, dice score coefficient (DSC), Jaccard index and intersection over union (IOU) with values of 0.86, 0.91, 0.84, 0.81, 0.69 and 0.83, respectively.
A New Algorithm for Detection of Animal and Plant Ion Concentration Based on Gene Expression Programming
Authors: Li Kangshun , Lin Leqing , Li Jiaming , Chen Siwei , Jalil Hassan
Published: February 2023

In order to accurately predict the concentration detection data of ion sensors for animal and plant, this paper proposes a gene expression programming (GEP) based concentration detection method. The method includes collecting ion concentration data as well as voltage timing data; preprocessing all the collected data to obtain an initial sample set; constructing a prediction model of ion concentration, which is an explicit functional relationship between voltage and the concentration of a specific ion. The Gene Expression Programming is used to train and evaluate the prediction model, and obtain a trained model. By comparing gene expression programming with other two modeling methods, it is found that the accuracy of the model established by gene expression programming has greater advantages than that established by polynomial fitting and neural network in processing animal and plant ion concentration data.
Microblog Emotion Analysis Using Improved DBN Under Spark Platform
Authors: Chang Wanjun , Li Yangbo , Du Qidong
Published: February 2023

In order to solve the problems that traditional single-machine methods find it difficult to complete the task of emotion classification quickly, and the time efficiency and scalability are not high; a microblog emotion analysis method using improved deep belief network (DBN) under Spark platform is proposed. First, the Hadoop distributed file system is used to realize the distributed storage of text data, and the preprocessed data and emotion dictionary are converted into word vector representation based on the continuous bag-of-words model. Then, an improved DBN model is constructed by combining the adaptive learning method of DBN with the active learning method, and it is applied to the learning analysis of text word vectors. Finally, the data parallel optimization of the improved DBN model is realized, based on Spark platform to accurately and quickly obtain the emotion types of microblog texts. The experimental analysis of the proposed method based on the microblog text data set shows that the classification accuracy is more than 94%.
Mechanical Transmission Model and Numerical Simulation Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Zhang Pan
Published: February 2023

Mechanical transmission is one of the earliest transmission modes in human society. With the continuous progress of science and technology, effective simulation and calculation research on mechanical transmission has gradually become an important link in the study of mechanical transmission. In the actual engineering practice, reliable and accurate data are difficult to obtain due to the complexity and low accuracy of the traditional mechanical transmission process. Machine learning (ML), a model trained by data, was used to analyze the response of the system through different parameters and drew scientific and reasonable conclusions. ML is more intuitive, easier to operate, and faster in calculation than the traditional methods. In many mechanical structures, due to the large number of processing parts and data, numerical simulation of this important equipment requires a considerable time to adjust and optimize accordingly.
Nisotak
Authors: Koole Marguerite , Morin Randy , Lewis Kevin wâsakâyâsiw , Dreaver-Charles Kristine , Deters Ralph , Vassileva Julita , Lewis Frank B. W.
Published: February 2023

This paper outlines the design, development, and preliminary usability study of a system comprising 1) a web-based Indigenous lesson-creation interface and 2) an accompanying mobile app for studying the lessons. The Nisotak project was developed in response to the need for the preservation of Indigenous languages and to support reconciliation within Canada. In this paper, the authors discuss the technological aspects of the project and the less tangible decision-making that helped navigate software development in ways that support and honour Indigenous languages, Indigenous knowledge, and Indigenous people while, at the same time, making space for non-Indigenous allies. The key decisions that guided this project included privileging the target language(s), accommodating multiple dialects, creating an easy-to-use and engaging interface for non-technical users, and designing for easy transfer of ownership and management. Finally, the authors share the results of a small usability study.
Gaining a Competitive Advantage Through Benefits Management
Authors: Gomes Jorge Vareda , Romão Mário José Batista
Published: February 2023

To gain competitive advantage, organizations need to have something that the competitors do not have and cannot achieve in the short-term. In the past, organizations invested large amounts of financial resources to the finest equipment to increase competitiveness. Today, the paradigm has changed, and so the quest is more knowledge- and innovation-driven, where the answer relies on the people's capacity to create and modify processes and generate business value. The investments in information systems and technology (IS/IT) have not always generated the business value or the financial revenue that should be expected. Benefits management focuses on how business areas will improve from business changes and provides a framework for identifying, planning, monitoring, evaluating, and actively managing these benefits. In this paper, the authors show how benefits management reinforces firms to identify more clearly the path to obtain the strategic objectives and the related benefits promoting the organizational competitive advantage.
Relational Coordination Among Service Providers
Authors: Siddique Muhammad , Islam Mohammad Raijul
Published: February 2023

This paper seeks to identify a potential mechanism over which HPWS influences performance. Using relational coordination theory, this paper assesses communication and relational ties of relational coordination as a potential link over which HPWS can affect unit-level performance in banks which are characterized as highly uncertain, interdependent, as well as time-bound. Primary data were collected from bank officers about the strength of HPWS and relational coordination among employees. Results indicate that HPWS was significantly associated with bank performance outcomes, including branch levels of deposits, loans, and net profit. Results also indicate that RC significantly mediated the linkages between HPWS and unit-level performance outcomes. These results suggest new insights for top management and HR leaders in the banking industry regarding the design of HPWS.
Translator Competence Requirements Perceived by Translation Clients in the Ever-Changing World
Authors: Liu Christy Fung-ming
Published: February 2023

Although the roles of clients have been stressed by TS scholars for decades, the client-translator relationship is a relatively less explored topic. Asian clients' voices have been under-researched. This paper examines the competence requirements that Asian clients look for when hiring translators. It discovers whether there are changes in translator competences expected by clients over time. To achieve the objectives, the Optimale survey was replicated. Analyses are made based on 64 Asian clients participating in the present study and the data from the Optimale survey. It was found that both groups attach greater importance to quality than to speed and put more emphasis on experience than on qualifications. Translators' awareness of professional ethics and standards is stressed. Technological competences are emphasized. When it comes to translation competence, both groups have similar expectations: translators' ability to produce good-quality work followed by their ability to render materials in one or more highly specialized domains and use of translation memory systems.
A Hybrid Framework for Visual Positioning: Combining Convolutional Neural Networks with Ontologies
Authors: Mosaddegh Abdolreza , Lopes Sérgio , Rostami Habib , Keshavarz Ahmad , Paiva Sara
Published: February 2023

Visual positioning is a new generation positioning technique which has been developed rapidly during recent years for many applications such as robotics, self-driving vehicles and positioning for visually impaired people due to advent of powerful image processing methods, especially Convolutional Neural Networks. Nowadays, deep Convolutional Neural Networks are capable of classifying images with high accuracy rates; however, comparing visual perception by a human being, pure Neural Networks lack background knowledge which is essential for estimating the position through a reasoning process. In this paper we present a hybrid framework for employing ontologies over Convolutional Neural Networks to integrate a knowledge-based reasoning with Neural Networks for taking advantages of capabilities similar to human brain’s functions. The proposed framework is generic so it can be applied to a wide variety of scenarios in smart cities where visual positioning represents added value.
Counterexamples in 4-manifold topology
Authors: Kasprowski Daniel , Powell Mark , Ray Arunima
Published: February 2023

We illustrate the rich landscape of 4-manifold topology through the lens of counterexamples. We consider several of the most commonly studied equivalence relations on 4-manifolds and how they are related to one another. We explain implications e.g. that

h

-cobordant manifolds are stably homeomorphic, and we provide examples illustrating the failure of other potential implications. The information is conveniently organised in a flowchart and a table.
Functional Domains of IGR Forums, House of Federation and Ministry of Peace in Ethiopia: The Need for Clarity
Authors: Afesha Nigussie
Published: February 2023

Intergovernmental relations have been attached with the House of Federation and the Ministry of Peace until the enactment of the new Intergovernmental relations (IGR) legislation. The new legislation establishes six major intergovernmental consultative forums. It states their areas of engagement and indicates the distinct roles of each institution. The newly established IGR forums can create cooperative and uncompetitive relations between the federal government and regional states thereby changing the contour of the Ethiopian IGR system. This article examines whether the enactment of the new IGR law overlaps with the power and functions of the House of Federation and Ministry of Peace which have been facilitating federal-state or interstate relations. I argue that there are power overlaps and fusion of responsibilities between the House of Federation, the Ministry of Peace, and the newly established IGR forums. In this regard, an attempt is made to draw a clear functional realm among these institutions in connection with their mandates in facilitating smooth federal-state or interstate relations, and also to maintain transparency and accountability within these institutions relative to roles and tasks. The delineation of their power and functions is important to further enhance the IGR system in the Ethiopian federation.
The Room for Imposing Performance Requirements on Foreign Investors under the Ethiopian Legal Regime
Authors: Dejene Yemegnu Mesele
Published: February 2023

There is the need to maximize the benefits from Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). As studies suggest, performance requirements can be used as an important policy instrument for maximizing benefits of FDI and countering potential abuses of foreign investors. This article examines the existence of a room for applying performance requirements on foreign investors in Ethiopia and explores challenges and opportunities that may arise in doing so. To this end, qualitative methodology, involving both doctrinal and non-doctrinal legal research approaches have been employed. Primary and secondary data are utilized; semi-structured interviews were used as data collection tools for gathering data from respondents. The findings indicate that although there is the policy and legal premise to apply performance requirements, Ethiopia is not imposing adequate performance requirements on foreign investors. The absence of adequate requirements does not enable Ethiopia to gain optimal benefits from foreign investment. Therefore, Ethiopia should apply performance requirements such as export performance, local content, and technology transfer requirements to ensure optimal benefits from FDI and boost its contribution towards sustainable development.
Polyploidy and its relevance in crop improvement
Authors: Omere E.A. , Nwaoguala C.N.C. , Emede T.O.
Published: February 2023

Many areas of research in crop production have been geared towards crop improvement and increased yield. Crop improvement include but not  restricted to; plant introduction and acclimatization, domestication, ploidy manipulation (polyploidization), recombinant DNA technology, crossing for  superior selection (cultivar development), molecular genetics, etc. Polyploidy is a condition where the genome of an organism has more than the usual  number of complete sets of chromosomes and the product of this phenomenon is called a Polyploid. Polyploidy occurs naturally, and can be induced  chemically using antimitotic agents or physically using protoplast fusion and temperature shock. It is mostly artificially induced through a process called  polyploidization. Polyploids are more advantageous in important plant attributes than the regular diploid. Relative success has been reported in the  application of polyploidization for crop improvement which resulted chiefly in increased amount of beneficial secondary metabolites (phytochemicals),   larger stomata and leaves,improved adaptation to stress and unfavourable conditions, to mention but a few. Therefore, it is imperative to state that  polyploidy is an area of research that has been and will continually be deployed in crop improvement .
Effects of processing on bacteriological, proximate, hydrocarbon content and organoleptic indices of Scomber scombrus
Authors: James I.I. , Etuk C.U. , Ben M.G. , Okon R.S. , Essien A.M. , Asuquo A. , Umoren E.A.
Published: February 2023

Effects of boiling, smoking and frying on the organoleptic quality, bacteriological count, proximate composition and total hydrocarbon contents of  Scomber scombrus fish sold in Ikot Ekpene Metropolis were investigated. Fillets of fresh S. scombrus were made, and processed by smoking, boiling and  frying methods. Portions of the fish sample were aliquoted, and used to carry out sensory evaluation, plating aliquots of diluents onto nutrient agar  plates (for total viable count (TVC), and on Manitol Salt agar (for total staphylococcal count (TSC). Standard methods were used to determine moisture,  ash, total lipids and crude protein contents. Total hydrocarbon content was determined by toluene extraction and measurement of absorbance of filtrate  spectrophotometrically. Sensory quality obtained using smoke-drying and frying methods scored significantly higher than that of boiling and the control  (p<0.05). TVC of samples were lower than in the control fish sample after processing, increasing over the 4-day period, although negligible when  compared to the control. TVC were lowest in samples processed by frying. TSC decreased in all fish samples after processing, except in the control fish  sample. Fried Scomber scombrus samples also showed no trace of S. aureus. Moisture, lipid, crude protein and ash contents of control S. scombrus were  68.78±1.02, 2.03±0.11, 20.14±0.06 and 0.09±0.32 respectively. The changes in moisture, lipid, crude protein and ash contents were statistically significant  (P<0.05) in processed fish samples. Total hydrocarbon content also increased in processed fish; 2.914±0.005 for smoke-dried, 2.168±0.001 for fried and  1.538±0.009 for boiled, as against 1.412±0.011 in the control sample. Overall bacteriological quality indices, the proximate content and total hydrocarbon  contents of samples demonstrated frying and smoking as preferable processing methods for Scomber scombrus.
Pharmacognostic standards for Uvaria chamae P. Beauv. leaves (Annonaceae)
Authors: Obia O.C. , Sonibare M. A. , Adebodunb S.A.
Published: February 2023

Background : Standardisation as a tool in quality control ensures purity, safety and efficacy of herbal medicines. Uvaria chamae from the family Annonaceae has wide medicinal application which includes its use as a febrifuge and as an anti-inflammatory.Objective: The study was aimed at developing some Pharmacognostic standards for the leaves of U. chamae.Material and Methods: Uvaria chamae plant was collected, identified and authenticated. Fresh leaves were examined macroscopically and microscopically based on standard procedures. Fluorescence behavior was assessed by adding various reagents and viewing at daylight, 254 nm and 365 nm. Chemomicroscopy and physicochemical analysis of powdered samples were done using standard procedures. Phytochemical and Thin layer chromatographic analysis of the extracts were also carried out.Results: Leaves of U. chamae are alternately arranged and elliptic in shape. The abaxial surface has straight polygonal epidermal cells with paracytic stomata. Vascular bundles are arranged in fan shape from the transverse section of the leaf. Chemomicroscopic evaluation revealed the presence of lignin, starch and oil. Alcohol and water soluble extractive values were 4.00 ± 0.00 and 5.6 ± 0.67, respectively. The membrane stabilization activity of the extracts at 0-1 mg exceeded that of the standard drug diclofenac. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest percentage of inhibition of haemolysis at 0.4 mg.Conclusion: The features established in this study may contribute in the identification and quality control of U. chamae.
Assessment of awareness, use, attitude and the perceived need for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) education, among undergraduate pharmacy students
Authors: Ibrahima A. , Lawal B.K.
Published: February 2023

Background: In Nigeria, conventional medical practice is the main form of health care but Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) still enjoys widespread popularity and usage among the population. Pharmacy students, as future health professionals, have a great role to play regarding the increasing CAM use.Objective: To assess CAM awareness, use, attitude and the perceived need for its education among undergraduate pharmacy students.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst pharmacy students (n= 370) of Kaduna State University (KASU). Data were collected using both online and paper-based questionnaires by total sampling. Data were analysed using SPSS Version 22 and presented as frequencies and percentages. Student t- test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare mean scores of attitudes towards CAM across socio-demographic groups.Result: Three hundred and fifty (350) students responded to the survey of which majority (n= 280, 80.0%) had used a form of CAM in the past year. The most commonly used CAM modalities were Herbal/Botanical/Dietary Supplements (n= 240, 68.6%) and Spirituality/prayers (217, 62.0%). The least known of the CAM modalities were Homeopathy (n= 133, 38.0%) and Ayurveda (n= 181, 51.7%). Three hundred and forty-six (346) students agreed that knowledge about CAM will be useful to them as future pharmacists and 347 (99.1%) agreed that CAM should be included in the undergraduate curriculum. No statistically significant differences were obtained in mean attitudes scores.Conclusion: CAM use was common and there was a general perceived need among the students for its inclusion in the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum at KASU.
Biotraduction versus traduction automatique : la subjectivité en question
Authors: Alrasheed Maryam
Published: February 2023

Grace aux nouveaux systèmes reposant sur les algorithmes de l'intelligence artificielle, la traduction automatique marque un progrès remarquable. La présente contribution se propose donc de s'interroger sur son possible apport, et sur l'impact de l'absence du biotraducteur et de sa subjectivité, dans les traductions exigeant une neutralité. Pour ce faire, nous avons analysé les traductions des noms de métiers à partir d'un corpus trilingue français-arabe-anglais de résumés d'articles scientifiques traduits par Google Translate et Bing Microsoft Translator. Ce qui a permis de mettre en valeur un aspect positif de la subjectivité humaine en tant qu'outil de compréhension et de contextualisation, et de dévoiler la subjectivité de la machine qui pourrait résider dans l'ensemble des subjectivités présentes dans les corpus ayant servi à son entrainement.
Implications of Teachers’ Personal Practical Knowledge for Teacher Training Programs: A Case Study of Primary Teachers
Authors: Talaee Ebrahim , Bozorg Hamideh , Schrittesser Ilse
Published: February 2023

This study aims to understand teachers’ Personal Practical Knowledge to provide future teacher educators with essential points for improving teacher training programs. The study was conducted with six teachers in the primary education context, using narrative inquiry as a qualitative approach. The semi-structured interview with teachers indicated that they had a rich knowledge of factors affecting the success of the teaching profession. As such, data analysis of teachers’ transcripts using open, axial, and selective coding resulted in five main themes crucial for future teacher educators to consider for developing effective teacher training programs: (1) Entwined and complicated aspects of teaching, (2) Effective communication is key, (3) Ineffectiveness of theoretical versus practical courses, (4) Being ignored by society, and (5) Losing the dream of being perfect. The paper concludes with implications for the theory and practice in the teacher education field.
The Effect of STEM Practices on Teaching Speaking Skills in Language Lessons
Authors: Seitenova Salima , Khassanova Inkar , Khabiyeva Dina , Kazetova Aliya , Madenova Lazzat , Yerbolat Balmira
Published: February 2023

In language teaching, speaking is one of the complex skills that need to be developed specifically. However, how to teach speaking skills is an ongoing debate. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of STEM-based activities on the development of speaking skills of students in secondary schools. The study was conducted in a secondary school in Uralsk, Kazakhstan in 2022. In the study designed according to the control group pretest-posttest design, STEM activities in the experimental group and traditional teaching practices in the control group were carried out. The pretest-posttest and experimental application of the study was carried out with 60 students, 30 experimental and 30 control groups. As a result of the 6-week experimental applications, it was found that STEM-based activities in the experimental group increased students' speaking skills compared to traditional teaching. In addition, as a result of the experimental applications, it was observed that STEM-based activities increased students' attitudes towards language lessons and speaking skills at a positive and high level.
Development of a Website-Based Sexual Violence Management Information System in Higher Education
Authors: Mujahidin Endin , Rosyadi Abdul Rahmat , Ginting Novita Br , Hartono Rudi , Tanjung Hasan Basri
Published: February 2023

This study aims to (1) comprehensively describe the design of web-based sexual violence information systems (SIM) in universities, (2) Describe sexual violence efforts in (3) Explore and explain the role of web-based Management Information Systems (SIM) in efforts to prevent sexual violence in Higher Education. This research was designed with the type of Research and Development research. This type is directed to show facts or events systematically and accurately regarding certain conditions as the focus of the study. The data collection method is carried out in three ways, including: (1) observation, (2) interview, (3) questionnaire, (4) documentation. All four are carried out in a planned manner to obtain complete and relevant data. The collected data are then analyzed using induction techniques, namely by drawing conclusions ranging from specific statements or facts to conclusions of a general nature. Research reports are presented in the form of detailed descriptive descriptions, equipped with product prototypes, images and tables as the scope of discussion. The findings of this study show that (1) the sexual violence management information system in higher education is a form of service that manages data into information with the support of website facilities as a medium of interaction, (2) efforts to prevent sexual violence in universities include task force making activities, training and workshops on sexual violence assistance, and (3) the role of web-based management information systems in preventing sexual violence in universities as a form of university commitment to make decisions / policies in developing educational institutions, and also helping service users (stakeholders) to channel their aspire for the development of institutions.
The Effect of Health-Saving Educational Technologies on Development of Natural Abilities of Schoolchildren
Authors: Sadykov Sagdat , Bulatbayeva Kulzhanat , Rezuanova Galiyapanu , Mukhamedkhanova Almagul
Published: February 2023

Health saving-based educational technologies aim to provide a combination of children's needs, motivations, knowledge, optimal health level and normal physical development. In this study, the effect of the health-saving educational technologies program applied to secondary school students in increasing their physical fitness, self-efficacy in sports and mental endurance in reducing negative nutritional behaviors was examined. In the study, experimental procedures were carried out according to the 2x2 control group, pretest and posttest trial model. Experimental applications of the study lasted for 10 weeks, with 33 experimental and 33 control group students. During this period, the health-saving educational technologies program was applied in the experimental group; on the other hand, no application was made in the control group. Before and after the experimental procedure, pretests and posttests were applied to the experimental and control groups (Physical Fitness Test, Sports Self-Efficacy Scale, Negative Eating Behavior Scale and Mental Endurance Scale). According to the research findings, the students in the experimental group, who applied the health-saving educational technologies program, achieved higher levels of physical fitness, sports self-efficacy and mental endurance than their peers in the control group. It has also been found that the health-saving educational technologies program is effective in reducing negative eating behaviors.
Effects of Online Learning and Digital Conversation-Based Activities on the Transfer of Cultural Values in Language and Literature Classes
Authors: Sarekenova Karlygash , Aimukhambet Zhanat , Malikov Kuanyshbek , Salikzhanova Shynar , Zhylkybay Gulimzhan , Assanbayeva Yeldana
Published: February 2023

In this study, the effect of Online Learning and Digital Conversation-Based Activities method on students' achievement, attitudes and perceptions of cultural values in language and literature courses was examined. The study group consisted of 2 branches studying in the 3rd grade of a high school in Astana province in the 2022 academic year. 64 high school third grade students participated in the study. In the study in which quasi-experimental research model was used, post-test control group design was used. In this context, Online Learning And Digital Conversation-Based Activities in the experimental group and traditional teaching activities in the control group were applied for 6 weeks. As a result, when the two classes were considered independently of each other, it was found that the students in the group applying the Online Learning And Digital Conversation-Based Activities program achieved higher academic achievement, attitude towards the course and cultural value perception gains compared to their peers in the control group.
Development of Physical Exercise E-book and Management of Diet in Football Athletes
Authors: Nusri Ardi , Emilia Esi , Permatasari Tyas , Sandy Yatty Destani , Pratiwi Caca , Rukmana Erni , Nurfazriah Latifah Rahman
Published: February 2023

This research was carried out at the Sports Science Study Program, Faculty of Sports Science, Medan State University, and the Surrounding Medan Football Association (PSMS). The respondents in this study were ten athletes and four football coaches. The model that will be used is a Four-D (4D) model consisting of four (4) stages, namely, Define (defining), Design (design), Develop (development), and Disseminate (deployment). The results showed that most ( 95%) of respondents needed an E-Book on physical exercise and diet management for football athletes. They agreed that all physical training materials in the indicators mentioned must be in the E-book. The validation results of the material show that the material presented in the e-book is very suitable (3.67) with what is needed today and is ideal for use. The results of validation of the media show that this e-book media is included in the category of very suitable both for the completeness of presentation and the feasibility of graphics and can be used as an electronic medium for football sports. The readability test results received an average assessment of 3.75, meaning that the e-book can be declared very legible and suitable for use. The results of the different tests showed significant differences in the years before and after being given the intervention of physical training and diet E-books for Football Athletes. Athletes' knowledge has increased, with an average knowledge increase score of 19.4 points. Suggestions for future improvement and development of e-books are like adding more exciting images and multiplying case examples.
Development of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Based Flipbook Media on Science Learning At SDIT Ar-Rohmaniyah, Bogor City
Authors: Hasbulloh Hasbulloh , Arief Zainal Abidin , Waspodo Muktiono
Published: February 2023

This study aims to develop and test the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) flipbook learning media in class V science learning at SDIT Ar-Rohmaniyah, Bogor City. This study used the development model of Borg and Gall and Assure.  To test this feasibility using the assessment of 3 experts, namely media experts, design experts and material experts.  The media feasibility assessment by material experts obtained a score of 94% with the category "Very Decent". The assessment by media and instructional design experts obtained a score of 75% with the category of "worthy". The average rating by experts is 85% with the category "very worthy".  To determine the effectiveness of problem-based learning-based flipbooks  , an N-Gain test analysis was carried out. The calculation result of the N-Gain test was obtained by 0.82 or 82%. Where such results fall into the category of high N-Gain. Based on the results of expert feasibility tests and N-Gain calculations, problem-based learning-based flipbook media  is feasible and effective for use in class V science subjects in SDIT Ar-Rohmaniyah Bogor City.