bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology and treatment of pain in multiple myeloma
Authors: Semochkin S. V.
Published: July 2023

Most patients with multiple myeloma (MM) suffer from chronic pain of varying degrees of intensity at every stage of the natural disease process. Osteolytic bone lesions are one of the most common complications of MM. The bone disease visualized by PET/CT and MRI affects up to 90% of newly diagnosed MM patients, increasing the risk of the development of skeletal-related events. Pathological fractures and spinal cord compression occur in 17% and 6% of patients, respectively. Bone pain is explained by an increase in pressure in the bone marrow, the release of chemical mediators by myeloma plasma cells, and the occurrence of microcracks in the bones, indirectly to a violation of local metabolism. Management of myeloma bone disease includes anti-myeloma chemotherapy and radiotherapy, antiresorptive therapy with bisphosphonates or denosumab, and direct pharmacological pain correction. Patients with pathological vertebral fractures and without spinal cord compression should be considered for vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty. The use of proteasome inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of MM is associated with a risk of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation. The result of the healing of herpetic eruptions in some patients will be the development of postherpetic neuralgia, manifested by excruciating pain for months or years. Moreover, the treatment with proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is often associated with the development of long-term persistent peripheral neuropathy, often complicated by pain. According to their neurobiological and clinical features, pain is classified into nociceptive, neuropathic, and functional. Bone pain is nociceptive and for postherpetic and chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, the neuropathic component is more significant. Opioids are the drugs of choice for moderate to severe nociceptive pain, while anticonvulsants and antidepressants are the most commonly used adjuvants for neuropathic pain. This review summarizes information on the pathophysiology of various types of pain syndrome in patients with MM, as well as on modern approaches to the prevention and treatment of complications. The issues of the pharmacology of opioid analgesics are discussed. The review concludes with data from a clinical trial of a new domestic non-opioid μ1-opioid receptor agonist Tafalgin, considered a real alternative to narcotic analgesics.
Successful use of biotherapy with somatostatin analogues in the treatment of a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Authors: Markarova E. V. , Kogoniya L. M. , Gurevich L. E. , Bondarenko E. V. , Kalinin D. V.
Published: July 2023

The syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia type I, MEN-1, or Wermer’s syndrome, occupies a separate place in the group of neuroendocrine tumors. Being a genetic, family-determined disease and having a transmission rate of 50%, it is manifested by multiple neoplasms of various malignant potential in many organs. Given the trend towards personalization of treatment, specialists in various fields are constantly looking for improved diagnostics and new methods of treatment. We present our own experience in the treatment of MEN-1 syndrome with somatostatin analogues. The patient, born in 1972, was observed by an endocrinologist at the age of 22, when a pituitary microadenoma was detected. After 18 years, a pancreatic tumor was detected, which was successfully removed. Histological and immunohistochemical studies verified a Grade 1 neuroendocrine tumor. Control computed tomography revealed multiple masses in the head and tail of the pancreas. Given the condition, patients since 2013 have been prescribed biotherapy with an analogue of somatostatin – octreotide. However, taking the drug was not regular, and the patient noted a deterioration in her condition. In 2019, by decision of the council, biotherapy with Lanreotide was prescribed. Even taking into account irregular examinations due to absenteeism, the control examination in 2022 showed normalization of the levels of chromogranin A and serotonin, the absence of new tumor foci and the progression of those present during Positron emission tomography. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach and the appointment of adequate therapy helps to improve the quality of life and stabilize patients with MEN-1 syndrome.
Uma análise da resposta do ocidente à invasão russa da Ucrânia sob o prisma da trindade da Guerra de Clausewitz
Authors: de Araújo Pângaro Emerson Luis , Leite de Almeida Leandro , Pereira Barbosa Felipe
Published: July 2023

The invasion of Ukraine by Russian troops in late February 2022 brought the world to the danger of a new polarity: Russia vs. Western countries led by the NATO bloc (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). Historical factors and the geographical importance of Ukraine to Russia as opposed to the sense of danger that Western nations see its territorial expansion towards Eastern Europe makes the solution to the conflict increasingly complex. Faced with this complex situantion, the western nations has been adopting solutions to try to stop the Russian advance without the use of NATO’s troops in support of the Ukrainian Army. This article seeks to observe the strategies adopted by Western countries, focusing on NATO members, through the analysis of the modern Cluasewitzian trinity.
Gerenciar el talento humano de enfermería: desafíos en la revolución 4.0 y los cambios generacionales
Authors: Torres Panesso Martha Cecilia
Published: July 2023

Diversas son las dinámicas que a través de la última década han permeado las organizaciones de salud, como los cambios políticos, la migración de poblaciones vulnerables a zonas concéntricas capitales, la inserción de la tecnología para el cuidado de las personas, las nuevas formas de sistematizar y tomar decisiones basadas en los datos para obtener los mejores resultados en salud y que den cuenta a su vez, del alcance de los objetivos de las instituciones donde se brinda el cuidado de enfermería. Bajo este escenario el profesional de enfermería desde los diversos niveles de toma de decisiones, estratégico, intermedio y operativo, se ha visto abocado a gerenciar el talento humano enfermero, a lo que se suman, aspectos generacionales que caracterizan la estructura de los diferentes grupos de trabajo y que tiene una influencia directa en el ámbito relacional, en la manera como nos comunicamos al interior de las organizaciones y en la forma como se comprenden y ejecutan las estrategias para llevar a cabo las intervenciones de cuidado en bien de los pacientes, cuidadores y del personal liderado. Es por ello, que se presenta a continuación, algunos desafíos desde el análisis reflexivo, vivenciado desde la interacción con las direcciones de enfermería que apoyan el ámbito docente para la gestión del cuidado y la revisión bibliográfica, permitiendo plantear alternativas de trabajo para el fortalecimiento de la gerencia del talento humano de enfermería como el eje central del desarrollo de las instituciones de salud.
Water affordability analysis: a critical literature review
Authors: Fagundes Thalita Salgado , Marques Rui Cunha , Malheiros Tadeu
Published: July 2023

Water and sanitation affordability has drawn researchers’ attention over the past years due to the recent economic crisis and the growing role of tariffs on funding services. This paper conducted a systematic review of previous research on water and/or sanitation affordability and a critical qualitative discussion on the methodologies adopted. The research framework relied on a hybrid approach that combines systematic quantitative and narrative analyses. The literature review protocol applied returned 79 relevant studies published by journals and recognized international organizations and four key topics, namely affordability indicators, threshold, data source, and practical use of the analysis were identified and critically discussed. This paper contributes to the literature by presenting and discussing the most important water affordability issues and enlightening the potential role of the analysis in public financial policies.
Predictive uncertainty assessment in flood forecasting using quantile regression
Authors: M. K. Amina , N. R Chithra
Published: July 2023

Floods and their associated impacts are topics of concern in land development planning and management, which call for efficient flood forecasting and warning systems. The performance of flood warning systems is affected by uncertainty in water level forecasts, which is due to their inability to measure or calculate a modeled value accurately. Predictive uncertainty is an emerging type of uncertainty modeling technique that emphasizes total uncertainty quantified as a probability distribution conditioned on all available knowledge. Predictive uncertainty analysis was done using quantile regression (QR) for machine learning-based flood models – Hybrid Wavelet Artificial Neural Network model (WANN) and Hybrid Wavelet Support Vector Machine model (WSVM) for different lead times. Comparing QR models of WANN and WSVM revealed that the slope, intercept, spread of forecast, and width of confidence band of the WANN model are more for each quantile indicating more uncertainty as compared to the WSVM model. In both models, with an increase in lead time, uncertainty has shown an increasing trend as well. The performance evaluation of inference obtained from QR models was evaluated using uncertainty statistics such as prediction interval coverage probability, average relative interval length (ARIL), and mean prediction interval (MPI).
Rainfall prediction in coastal hilly areas based on VMD–RSA–DNC
Authors: Zhang Xianqi , Yin Qiuwen , Liu Fang , Li Haiyang , Chen Haiyang
Published: July 2023

Highly accurate rainfall prediction can provide a reliable scientific basis for human production and life. For the characteristics of occasional and sudden changes of rainfall in coastal hilly areas, this article chooses four cities in the eastern Zhejiang province as the object of the study and establishes a rainfall prediction model based on variational mode decomposition (VMD), reptile search algorithm (RSA), and differentiable neural computer (DNC). The VMD algorithm reduces the complexity of the sequence data; RSA is used to find the best-fit function; and DNC combines the advantages of the recurrent neural network and computational processing to improve the problem of memory forgetting of long short-term memory. To verify the prediction accuracy of the model, the prediction results are compared with the other three models, and the results show that the VMD–RSA–DNC model has the best prediction with the maximum and minimum relative errors of 9.62 and 0.17%, respectively, the average root-mean-square error of 5.43, the average mean absolute percentage error of 3.59%, and the average Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.95 for predicting four cities in the coastal hilly area. This study provides a new reference method for the construction of rainfall prediction models.
Temporal and spatial estimation of groundwater electrical conductivity using soft computing approaches: Analysis of East Azerbaijan Province, Iran
Authors: Zamanzad-Ghavidel Sarvin , Sobhani Reza , Fazeli Sina , Noto Leonardo Valerio , De Michele Carlo , Pumo Dario
Published: July 2023

The evaluation of groundwater quality plays an important role in the management of groundwater. The main objectives of the present work are to develop a novel soft computing framework including Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Wavelet-ANFIS (WANFIS), Gene Expression Programming (GEP), and Wavelet-GEP (WGEP) for the temporal and spatial estimation of groundwater electrical conductivity (EC) in the East Azerbaijan province, Iran over 2001–2020. The results demonstrate the importance of wavelet transform application; the performance percentage enhancement of the WANFIS and WGEP models compared to the ANFIS and GEP, using the RMSE criterion, ranged from 15.48 to 51.09% and from 5.06 to 86.95%, respectively. All the developed models showed the WGEP superior compared to others. The impact of land use characteristics, climatic conditions, and geological features on groundwater quality showed that there is a direct relationship between the extent of agricultural land, semi-arid climate conditions and groundwater EC amounts. The results demonstrated that the values of EC increase from east to west, indicating the direct exchange of surface and groundwater in the study area. Moreover, groundwater quality changes significantly across the width of the fault, with groundwater EC in the northern part of the fault higher than that in the southern part.
Removal of Cr(VI) ions from wastewater by Fe3O4-loaded porous sludge biochar
Authors: Yu Chaoyang , Liao Yuliang
Published: July 2023

In this work, porous sludge biochar (PSBC) was prepared by molten salt-assisted pyrolysis of municipal sludge, and PSBC loaded with Fe3O4 (Fe3O4@PSBC) was synthesized by chemical precipitation. The effects of pH (2.0–10.0), sorbent dosage (0.1–2 g/L), coexisting ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Cl–, SiO32-, NO3-, CO32-, SO42-, and PO43-), adsorption temperature (288, 298, and 308 K), initial Cr(VI) ion concentrations (50–150 mg/L), and adsorption time (5–300 min) on the removal of Cr(VI) ions by the sorbent were investigated. The mechanism of the removal of Cr(VI) ions was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The result showed that the removal of Cr(VI) ions on PSBC and Fe3O4@PSBC had a strong dependence on the pH of solution. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) ions by PSBC and Fe3O4@PSBC was 162 and 209 mg/g, respectively, at a dosage of 0.4 g/L, pH of 3, and temperature of 298 K. The removal process of Cr(VI) ions could be fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The breakthrough curves were in good agreement with the theoretical values of the Thomas model. The mechanism of the removal of Cr(VI) ions by Fe3O4@PSBC mainly contain complexation, reduction, and electrostatic interaction. This work proposes a new removal material for Cr(VI)-containing wastewater.
UM ESTUDO DE VLOGS SOBRE OS TEMAS MULHER, FEMININO E FEMINISMO
Authors: Gonçalves Janaina Luisa , Pereira Daniervelin Renata Marques
Published: July 2023

O presente trabalho centra-se na análise dos temas mulher, feminino e feminismo no gênero digital vlog, com o intuito de verificar como ele se insere no contexto social de comunicação e linguagem. Para tanto, foram selecionados três vlogs para composição do corpus de pesquisa, os quais foram analisados tendo em vista compreender como ele é ocupado em relação às discussões dos temas selecionados. A referida análise foi feita com base no olhar semiótico para as estratégias enunciativas e pelas categorias do gênero propostas por Bakhtin. O recorte temático se justifica por ser atual e pela ampla recorrência desse tratamento nas mídias digitais, notadamente por meio do gênero sob análise. Verificou-se, com a pesquisa, que o gênero, nesse recorte, foi marcado pelo caráter de dinamismo, instantaneidade e instabilidade. No que se refere à temática, verificou-se a construção de uma mensagem engajada e crítica em torno do universo da mulher; no que tange à estrutura composicional, observou-se uma estrutura interna linear, mas, quanto à dinâmica do vídeo, um caráter flexível para sua produção; no que concerne ao estilo, averiguou-se a brevidade, velocidade e fluidez da mensagem, a seleção de recursos lexicais e fraseológicos relacionados ao ambiente digital e a predominância de uma linguagem sincrética, mais informal e intimista.
SEMIÓTICA PLÁSTICA E INFORMAÇÃO PRESSUPOSTA
Authors: Silva Pedro Henrique da , Milani Sebastião Elias
Published: July 2023

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de evidenciar a manifestação do sentido em um texto sincrético, assim entendido à luz da semiótica francesa. Especificamente, objetivamos analisar uma informação pressuposta e assim demonstrar como o nosso objeto de análise se configura enquanto unidade de sentido. Mais ainda, pretendemos demonstrar o que um texto diz e como o faz para dizer seu conteúdo. O nosso objeto de análise é uma imagem publicada, no ano de 2022, em um perfil aberto da rede social Instagram. A principal metodologia de trabalho empregada é a da semiótica plástica, tal como formulada pelo pesquisador Jean-Marie Floch. Após a aplicação dos conceitos da semiótica visual em nosso objeto de estudo, pudemos confirmar nossa hipótese de que o conteúdo pressuposto da imagem analisada manifesta, sim, uma ideologia específica que, no contexto de sua publicação/manifestação, tem a função de induzir o enunciatário-usuário da rede social Instagram que teve contato com a imagem a ter uma escolha determinada. A metodologia semiótica possibilitou tanto evidenciar como mostrar o papel e a função da ideologia pressuposta no texto em análise.
DAS PRIMEIRAS NOÇÕES DE SIGNO AOS PLANOS DA LINGUAGEM NA SEMIÓTICA GREIMASIANA
Authors: Castro Carolina Mazzaron de , Portela Jean Cristtus
Published: July 2023

Neste artigo, iremos apresentar uma perspectiva teórico-metodológica sobre as noções de signo que, posteriormente, remetem à noção de planos da linguagem na semiótica discursiva. Faremos uma abordagem diacrônica das principais noções de signo entre o final do século XIX e XX até as primeiras noções de Greimas sobre os planos da linguagem. A corrente metodológica a respeito de signo, postulada por Saussure, graças à perspectiva real sincrônica que se deu aos estudos pré-saussurianos, possibilitou a ultrapassagem da comparação entre línguas e influenciou as acepções gerais da linguística como ciência no século XX. Os planos da linguagem na semiótica discursiva surgem nesse contexto quando Greimas designou como significado a significação ou as significações recobertas pelo significante, em que a existência de um elemento pressupõe o outro e atribuiu que a significação independe da natureza do significante na qual se manifesta.
O BOOKTUBE NO PROCESSO DE FORMAÇÃO DE LEITORES: ANÁLISE DE DUAS VÍDEO-RESENHAS SOBRE O ROMANCE A VEGETARIANA
Authors: Hashimoto Giulia Yumi Tonhi , Celestino de Almeida Dayane
Published: July 2023

O universo de vídeo-resenhas literárias na plataforma YouTube é conhecido como booktube, e os influenciadores digitais que as apresentam como booktubers. Eles têm sido importantes propulsores da leitura e da formação de leitores nos últimos anos. A pesquisa que deu origem a este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar duas vídeo-resenhas literárias sobre o romance coreano A Vegetariana, de Han Kang, disponíveis nos canais “Ler antes de morrer”, de Isabella Lubrano, e “Tiny Little Things”, de Tatiana Feltrin. Empregando o percurso gerativo do sentido, advindo da metodologia da semiótica francesa (GREIMAS; COURTÉS, 1979), analisou-se a forma como a obra é resumida nessas resenhas, procurando depreender quais elementos do romance as influenciadoras escolheram apresentar e qual é o papel desses elementos no sentido global de cada resenha. Além disso, foi feita uma comparação entre os vídeos, a fim de verificar quais são as estratégias de convencimento empregadas por cada booktuber, que procuram conferir ao enunciatário um “querer-ler” ou um “não-querer-ler” a obra em questão.
O TRIBUNAL DA INTERNET: REDES SOCIAIS, CULTURA DE CANCELAMENTO E DISCURSO DE ÓDIO
Authors: Lorusso Anna Maria
Published: July 2023

Esta contribuição busca refletir sobre certas especificidades dos modos de sanção nas redes sociais, transformadas, no regime atual de pós-verdade, em verdadeiros tribunais de justiça sumária. Em particular, quatro aspectos serão levados em consideração: i) a ausência de dimensão institucional; ii) o caráter pontual e improvisado do plano temporal; iii) a ausência de lógica probatória sobre o plano argumentativo; iv) a caracterização fortemente fática. A reflexão sobre o papel actancial de expedidor, e sobre o recurso à assunção de uma comunidade comunicativa de destinação, será particularmente importante.
Automated Brain Tumor Detection using Ideal Shallow Neural Network with
Artificial Jellyfish Optimization
Authors: Sridhar Salem Rajagopalan , Akila Muthuramalingam , Asokan Ramasamy
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

Brain tumors are predicted from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) scan images. In recent years, image
processing-based automated tools are developed to predict tumor areas with less human interference. However, such automated tools are suffering
from computational complexity and reduced accuracy in certain critical images. In the proposed work, an Ideal Shallow Neural Network (ISNN) is
utilized to improve the prediction accuracy, and the computational complexity is reduced by implementing an Artificial Jellyfish Optimization
(AJO) algorithm for minimizing the feature dimensionality.

Methods::

The proposed method utilizes MRI images for the verification process as they are more informative than the CT scan image. The BRATS and the
Kaggle datasets are used in this work and a Gabor filtering technique is used for noise reduction and a histogram equalization is used for enhancing
the tumor boundary regions. The classification results observed from the AJO-ISNN are further forwarded towards the segmentation process and
which uses the Centroid Weighted Segmentation (WCS) along with a Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) for improving the segmentation
over the boundary regions of the brain tumor.

Results::

The experimental result indicates a classification accuracy of 95.14% on the proposed AJO-ISNN model and AJO-ISNN is comparatively better
than the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model accuracy of 85.41% and VGG 19 model accuracy of 93.75% while implemented with the
AJO optimization model. Similarly, the Dice Similarity Coefficient of the proposed CWS-GOA also reaches 93.15% when performed with both
BRATS and Kaggle datasets.

Conclusion::

Apart from the accuracy attainments the proposed work classifies and segments the tumor region in around 65 seconds on average of 200 image
verifications and that is comparatively better than the previous multi-cascaded CNN and the InceptionV3 models.
Analysis of Research Publications on Leprosy Drugs Related Adverse
Drug Reactions – A Scinetometric Study
Authors: Thangaraju Pugazhenthan , Chandu Himanshu Nirmal , Velmurugan Hemasri , Venkatesan Sajitha
Published: July 2023

Leprosy is curable and can be treated with multidrug therapy in the early stages. As a result,
we chose a Scientometrics evaluation of leprosy research guides on adverse drug reactions to better
grasp the current popularity of drug-related responses. During the 2010-2021 a study with a total of 48
publications was selected. This study aims to analyze scientometric tools such as frequency distribution,
percentage analysis, double-related growth rate, and interaction rate. During the study period, 7
(14.58%) study publications were submitted in 2018. The related growth rate is identified by decreasing
trend and the double time is growing from 2010 to 2021. The 11 published study sizes (22.92%)
were provided by top writers, the average Degree of Collaboration is 0.96, and 19 (39.58%) published
research articles by headers. India is the largest supplier of 21 leprosy research publications (43.75%).
As India is the most productive country in leprosy research, hence there are four out of the top five institutions
that are from the Indian center that is listed among the most productive institutions.
An Explainable Multichannel Model for COVID-19 Time Series Prediction
Authors: He Hongjian , Xie Jiang , Lu Xinwei , Huang Dingkai , Zhang Wenjun
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected every country and changed people's
lives. Accurate prediction of COVID-19 trends can help prevent the further spread of the outbreak.
However, the changing environment affects the COVID-19 prediction performance, and previous models
are limited in practical applications.

Methods:

An explainable multichannel deep learning model with spatial, temporal and environmental
channels for time series prediction, STE-COVIDNet, was proposed. The time series data of COVID-19
infection, weather, in-state population mobility, and vaccination were collected from May, 2020, to October,
2021, in the USA. In the environmental channel of STE-COVIDNet, an attention mechanism was
applied to extract significant environmental factors related to the spread of COVID-19. In addition, the
attention weights of these factors were analyzed with the actual situation.

Results:

STE-COVIDNet was found to be superior to other advanced prediction models of COVID-19
infection cases. The analysis results of attention weight were reported to be consistent with existing
studies and reports. It was found that the same environmental factors that influence the spread of
COVID-19 can vary across time and region, which explains why findings of previous studies on the relationship
between the environment and COVID-19 vary by region and time.

Conclusion:

STE-COVIDNet is an explainable model that can adapt to environmental changes and thus
improve predictive performance.
Marine Bioactive Phytoconstituents in Autoimmune Disorders: Role and
Mechanism - A Review
Authors: Meenakshi Dhanalekshmi Unnikrishnan , Narde Gurpreet Kaur , Siddiqui Sameera , Ahuja Alka
Published: July 2023

The significance of Autoimmune Disorders (Ads) is underscored by their chronic nature, high maintenance costs, and complexity affecting numerous organs and tissues. A more comprehensive approach to treating Ads is required across patient populations. A revo-lutionary area for obtaining an integrated therapeutic option is natural phytoconstituents. Di-verse biomolecules with promising properties can be found in abundance in the marine envi-ronment. Many substances have been identified from sponges, bacteria, fungi, cyanobacteria, and algae that have been shown to have immunomodulatory activities and may be used as possible treatments for Ads. Marine-derived bioactive substances have been demonstrated to affect immunological responses and to be essential in immunotherapies. The amount of in-formation about the specific effects of substances obtained from marine sources utilized as di-etary supplements or for treating immune-related diseases is growing. This paper discusses many sources of potential marine metabolic chemicals, such as maritime flora and fauna. Nu-merous marine phytoconstituents have recently been isolated, described, and identified, and they are currently undergoing human usage studies. We have attempted to consolidate infor-mation concerning phytoconstituents from marine sources with anti-inflammatory and im-munomodulatory properties in this review, and we have briefly explored their methods of ac-tion. In order to provide a baseline of knowledge for promoting marine flora-based phytocon-stituents in the current context of increasing Ads incidence, deprived of the more affordable, safe, and effective medications to combat the terrible human disease, this paper reviews the works thus far conducted on this aspect.
Emphasis on Nanostructured Lipid Carriers in the Ocular Delivery of
Antibiotics
Authors: Singh Chandra Pratap , Rai Pankaj Kumar , Kumar Manish , Tiwari Varsha , Tiwari Abhishek , Sharma Ajay , Sharma Kamini
Published: July 2023

Background:

Drug distribution to the eye is still tricky because of the eye’s intricate structure.
Systemic delivery, as opposed to more traditional methods like eye drops and ointments, is more
effective but higher doses can be harmful.

Objective:

The use of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) as a method of drug delivery has been the subject
of research since the 1990s. Since SLNPs are derived from naturally occurring lipids, they pose no
health risks to the user. To raise the eye's absorption of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, SLNs can
promote corneal absorption and improve the ocular bioavailability of SLNPs.

Methods:

To address problems related to ocular drug delivery, many forms of nano formulation were
developed. Some of the methods developed are, emulsification and ultra-sonication, high-speed stirring
and ultra-sonication, thin layer hydration, adapted melt-emulsification, and ultrasonication techniques,
hot o/w micro-emulsion techniques, etc.

Results:

Nanostructured lipid carriers are described in this review in terms of their ocular penetration
mechanism, structural characteristic, manufacturing process, characterization, and advantages over other
nanocarriers.

Conclusion:

Recent developments in ocular formulations with nanostructured bases, such as surfacemodified
attempts have been made to increase ocular bioavailability in both the anterior and posterior
chambers by incorporating cationic chemicals into a wide variety of polymeric systems.
Synthesis, Characterization and Binding Studies of Polymeric Nanoparticles
using Gemcitabine Hydrochloride
Authors: Mehta Velisha , Mayur Y.C. , Kumar Maushmi S. , Suares Divya
Published: July 2023

Background:

Gemcitabine is a clinically valuable drug delivered intravenously. In order to explore other routes of administration for more efficacious drug delivery, its redevelopment for application through oral route with the help of nanotechnology is an ongoing thrust area. Nanotech-nology helps the drug enter into tissues at the molecular level, with increased drug localisation and cellular uptake, larger surface area with modifiable biologic properties, mediate molecular interac-tions and identify molecular changes.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to use Eudragit RS100 to prepare polymeric nanoparticles of gemcitabine (GEM) in order to improve its half-life, reduce dosage and increase the stability of the drug.

Methods:

GEM polymeric nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation technique. They were characterized for particle size, zeta potential (ZP), drug content, entrapment efficiency (EE) and in-vitro drug release. Further, they were also evaluated using TEM, DSC and FTIR spectroscopy. Mechanistic insights of the synthesized nanoparticles were explored using a protein binding study, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and plasma protein binding study. Docking study was carried out to check the binding of the drug and polymer with DNA and protein.

Results:

The synthesized GEM polymeric nanoparticles showed particle size in the range of 200-450 nm. Due to physical stability issues, optimized polymeric nanoparticles of GEM were lyophi-lized and exhibited a zeta potential of +11.9 mV, drug content 96.74% w/v and EE of 68-75% w/v. In-vitro drug release study demonstrated sustained release. Protein binding study with bovine serum albumin (BSA) revealed protein binding of GEM-loaded polymeric nanoparticles comparable with the marketed formulation (Oncogem 200, Cipla Ltd.). In addition to this, human plasma protein binding studies showed negligible interaction of GEM with plasma proteins with both formulations. EMSA displayed binding with CT-DNA.

Conclusion:

Lyophilized GEM nanoparticles were found to be stable and the mechanistic studies found them comparable to that of marketed formulation.
WERE WE PREPARED ENOUGH? A STUDY ON THE BURNOUT LEVELS AND PROFESSIONAL SELF-EFFICACY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS IN DISTANCE EDUCATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Uluyol Ayşenur , Büyükkarcı Kağan
Published: July 2023

The corona virus, which first appeared in 2019 and has caused deaths all around the world, has had an impact on all aspects of life and has resulted in social constraints. These mesasures have resulted in significant educational changes. Distance education, which has only been a supportive education type until today, has become the only alternative in education for a long time due to COVID19. This study was carried out to find out English language teachers’ general perceptions related to the obligatory distance education in the process of COVID19, their burnout level, and their professional self-efficacy perceptions. In order to examine these three categories, a questionnaire was developed using Maslach’s Burnout Inventory and Bandura’s Self-efficacy Scale. A total of 172 English teachers from Turkey responded to the questionnaire. In addition, a semi-structured interview research was conducted. The interview study included 16 teachers. It was determined that the English language teachers' burnout levels were relatively high in the process of obligatory distance education. English language teachers’ professional self-efficacy perceptions are found to be high as well. Participating teachers stated that they are professionally competent enough, but that the compulsory distance education process is a difficult process to carry out.
A Influência da Emoção no Jornalismo Humanitário: A Perspetiva dos Fotojornalistas Portugueses na Ucrânia
Authors: Melo Catarina , Lopes Felisbela
Published: July 2023

Imersos num contexto de emergência social, o conceito de jornalismo humanitário (Bunce et al., 2019, 2022) reveste-se, na atualidade, de novos contornos que lhe conferem uma pertinência e vitalidade até agora negligenciadas. Neste artigo analisamos o seu significado, indagando a influência da emoção na construção da informação humanitária, o que fazemos através de um inquérito aplicado junto de um conjunto de 12 fotojornalistas portugueses, enviados à Ucrânia, nos primeiros meses do conflito, entre fevereiro e abril de 2022, e que, aquando do seu regresso, expuseram parte do seu trabalho na iniciativa Diakuyu— Obrigado, promovida pela Sociedade Portuguesa de Autores e pela associação cultural, CC11. A exposição foi aberta ao público a 20 de maio na Galeria Carlos Paredes, com a curadoria de Alexandre Almeida, a partir de uma seleção de fotografias de Adriano Miranda, André Luís Alves, Daniel Rodrigues, Eduardo Leal, João Porfírio, Miguel A. Lopes, Miguel Manso, Nuno Veiga, Paulo Nunes dos Santos, Rui Caria, Rui Duarte Silva e Tiago Miranda. Partindo da premissa que a emoção desempenha um papel controverso e labiríntico no jornalismo, o estudo reflete a complexidade em torno do lugar que deverá assumir a emoção no contexto da reportagem jornalística, bem como a admissibilidade do fotojornalista reconhecer o seu ponto de vista perante a realidade observada.
Increasing the efficiency and environmental safety of ship power plants cooling systems with jet heat removal devices
Authors: Fedorovskiy K. Yu. , Grinenko N. K.
Published: July 2023

There are numerous cases when during the ship operation it is advisable to exclude for some time the intake of sea water used to cool the ship’s power plant. The issues of the possibility of such operation of widely used open double-circuit cooling systems are considered. To this end, the systems can be switched to the sea water tanks available on board. Work according to this scheme is limited by the time of heating the available water to the maximum allowable temperature. The issues of increasing this time by rising the heat removal through the ship’s plating are considered. To do this, the heated water is not simply discharged into the tank, but is jet supplied through the pipeline system directly to the inner surface of the ship’s plating. Conducted visual and thermal engineering studies have shown that the best results are achieved with the use of a jet supply, supplemented by a screen one. As a result, a channel for hot water movement is formed between the screen and the ship’s plating. Water radially spreads outward from the center of the screen, forming a fan jet. At the same time, the maximum flow velocity around the ship’s plating and the temperature difference between hot and outboard water are ensured. The advantages of this method for supplying cooled water are confirmed by the thermal engineering studies. It is shown that in this case the heat transfer increases by 25…30 %, compared with the case of a simple jet water supply. As a result of processing numerous experimental data, generalizing similarity equations have been obtained. They allow you to calculate the heat transfer for various water flow regimes. The use of these devices allows you to increase the time of systems operation in a closed loop without receiving outside water. These devices are quite simple in design and can be used both at the stage of building a new ship, and when modernizing existing ships. An example of such devices introduction on self-propelled floating cranes is given.
Analysis of conditions for selecting the number of teeth of planetary gearboxes
Authors: Baryshnikov S. O. , Ivanov A. N.
Published: July 2023

The issues of selecting the number of teeth for 2k-h type A mechanisms based on the study of the known conditions for their assembly used in the development of planetary gearboxes of various shipboard both deck and main power ship installations are highlighted in the paper. Considering the design practice, when selecting the number of teeth, it is important to maintain a given gear ratio, ensure the alignment of the mechanism gears, withstand the condition of the neighborhood of satellites, ensure the assembly condition and the absence of interference of internal gearing. These conditions are expressed in terms of the number of teeth of gears and impose restrictions on the parameters of 2k-h mechanisms. Checking the interference condition of internal gearing at the stage of selecting the number of teeth in existing methods is usually not done, but it is performed at the stage of checking the quality of gearing according to geometric conditions. With this approach, the selection of tooth numbers is considered as a problem solved by the method of successive approximations: selection of tooth numbers — calculation of geometric dimensions — checking the quality of gearing — selection of a new combination of tooth numbers, etc. The condition of interference of internal gearing obtained in the work is represented by a closed formula, which eliminates the use of the iteration method, which requires a large amount of computational work and allows it to be tested at an early stage of product development. The neighborhood condition is expressed by an equation in which the design parameter is associated with the maximum possible number of satellites and a guaranteed gap between their initial circles. It makes it possible to theoretically explain well-known constructions that do not agree with the theoretical views existing at that time. The alignment condition allows for both an even and an odd difference in the number of teeth of the central wheels. Thus, the results obtained make it possible to solve the problems of creating a mechanism with the maximum possible number of satellites for reducing the size of a planetary mechanism as a unit completing a marine gearbox of any complexity, to expand the set of possible combinations of the teeth numbers that provide a given design and require less computational work.
Studying the issue of calculations ambiguity at determining the amount of loaded cargo
Authors: Galin A. V. , Slitsan A. E. , Vinogradova E. V.
Published: July 2023

A unified algorithm for calculating the amount of loaded cargo is provided in the paper. The algorithm checks the vessel readiness to carry out survey work, on the basis of which further operations or the elimination of inconsistencies that have arisen, are proposed. Attention is paid in detail to the measurements carried out during the draft survey, necessary for calculating the average draft of the vessel. The error value is given as a percentage of the deadweight of the vessel, depending on the measured source. The necessary conditions for the issuance of a permit by a surveyor to carry out loading and unloading operations on a ship after checking the conformity of the results obtained with the declared data are defined in the paper. The “Bow-and-stern Sediment diagram” is investigated as a method intended for approximate, but at the same time fast, non-commercial calculation. It is proved that the calculation of the vessel displacement based on this diagram leads to a significant error resulting from a fundamental misunderstanding of the draft survey process and its purpose. The most common mistakes at using ship’s documents, as well as the formulas use, are discussed in the paper. The ways of reducing inaccuracies in calculations are determined. It’s substantiated in the paper that the use of the “average draft” and “river” formulas cannot be carried out for all types of vessels due to their possible specific design features, in particular, additional grades of deepening and the presence of hull bending. The specifics of the ship’s register documents are given. The values of errors are also analyzed if there are only register documents on the ship. It’s proved in the paper that the proposed unified algorithm for calculating the amount of loaded cargo is quite accurate compared to other methods considered.
Modeling the deadwood bearings wear surface by optical scanning
Authors: Kushner G. A. , Mamontov V. A. , Volkov D. A.
Published: July 2023

The development of a methodology for modeling the wear surface of deadwood bearings based on optical scanning is considered in the paper. It is noted that the deadwood bearings of the ship’s shaft line wear out unevenly during operation, which affects the stress-strain state of the shaft and the system parameters responsible for the occurrence of resonance of transverse, torsional and longitudinal vibrations. The methodology and results of an experimental study of bearing wear surfaces are presented. The applied optical scanning scheme makes it possible to obtain high-precision digital models of objects due to synchronous shooting of an object with two cameras. The measurement results are obtained by processing with specialized software. The results obtained are an addition to the methodology for determining the elastic force acting on the shaft from the side of a bearing that is unevenly worn along the length with a non-constant gap. Based on the obtained wear values, a solid-state model is constructed and the natural frequencies of transverse, torsional and longitudinal vibrations are determined. For the constructed model, the forms of natural oscillations for practically significant frequencies are obtained. It is noted that bearing wear affects not only the displacement of the natural frequencies values, but also the oscillations shape. The impact of the wear of the aft bearing on the bearing capacity of the shaft line, taking into account the contact interaction, is evaluated. The simulation has shown that the bearing wear surface forms an area of increased contact pressures that arise from the impact of the propeller shaft. Analysis of the propeller shaft tip has revealed the presence of an area of increased concentration of equivalent stresses formed at the place of bearing wear formation. The proposed method of modeling the deadwood bearings wear allows us to evaluate its effect on the magnitude of the displacement of natural frequencies and the change in the bearing capacity of the shaft line. The results obtained in this work are an addition to the existing calculations in the design and evaluation of the ship’s power plant reliability.
Ship power plant with re-liquefaction installation for tankers transporting hydrogen
Authors: Koniaev D. V.
Published: July 2023

The use of hydrogen as a fuel for tankers carrying liquefied hydrogen is discussed in the paper. As a solution to the problem of the world industry decarbonization, the possibility of competitive use of hydrogen as a fuel on sea tankers transporting liquefied hydrogen over long distances is discussed. The main reasons that encourage countries with sea and river vessels to develop in the direction of improving the ship power plants, in anticipation of tightening the national and international requirements for environmental pollution prevention, are indicated. A brief overview of the development of hydrogen energy is given on the example of leading projects in Europe and Asia, the most successful of which should include the transportation of compressed hydrogen by an experienced tanker of the Japanese company Kawasaki “Suiso Frontier” from Australia to Japan. A strategy for choosing the optimal propulsion unit for a liquefied hydrogen tanker is given. As research methods, the analysis of data obtained in similar studies, as well as the analysis of thermodynamic characteristics of promising systems, is used. Integrated power system designs and re-liquefaction systems for ocean tankers transporting hydrogen are proposed. Data on existing projects with low and high pressure gas engines, solid oxide fuel cells are given. Five prospective energy systems and a re-liquefaction system with a Claude cycle, using hydrogen and liquid natural gas as fuel and refrigerant, are suggested. Their technological feasibility and environmental impact are evaluated. The re-liquefaction systems’ exergy efficiency and specific energy consumption ranges are 26.79–46.27 % and 3–7.45 kWh/kg, respectively. A system with a low pressure engine, solid oxide fuel cells and a re-liquefaction system is determined to be optimal.
Seabed relief-based vessel position fixing with a neural network
Authors: Deryabin V. V.
Published: July 2023

A seabed relief-based vessel position fixing system on the basis of a neural network is proposed. The neural network satisfies the conditions of the universal approximation theorem and has one hidden layer. The hidden neurons have hyperbolic tangent activation functions. The model is constructed for 1-D case that can be considered as vessel motion throw a narrow channel or fairway. A sequence of depth derivatives (in relation to the coordinate) is fed to the network input. The depth is assumed to be measured with an echo-sounder. The vessel linear coordinate registered for the last depth derivative is formed on the network output. The training set contains not only data presumably registered at the stage of preliminary depth survey but also their noise-added versions obtained with the use of a random number generator. The validation set contains the survey data only. The Adamax algorithm is implemented for the neural network training. The maximum of absolute value of the prediction error is used as a performance criterion of the net. Modeling has been conducted in Python with Tensorflow. The depth is considered to be a polynomial function of the coordinate at each path region. So, the depth derivatives can be calculated analytically. As the result it is possible to state that the neural network predicts a vessel position with acceptable accuracy even in input signal noise conditions. Moreover, the neural network architecture of the radial-basis functions has been examined, but it is not possible to achieve acceptable accuracy by using it. The conducted investigations of the influences of a mini-batch size and learning rate values on the accuracy has shown that these parameters have the significant impact and an issue of their choice remains opened and actual in the framework of the task.