bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aprendizagem Baseada em Equipe Aplicada no Ensino Remoto na Disciplina de Interação Humano-Computador
Authors: Viana Josué , Neto Benedito , Portela Carlos , Santos Isadora , Lobato Cesar , Silva João Vitor , Vanzeler Jocivaldo
Published: May 2022

Este artigo apresenta um relato sobre a adoção da Aprendizagem Baseada em Equipe (ABE) na disciplina de Interação Humano-Computador (IHC), a fim de identificar a melhor aplicação para apoiar a prática de exercícios físicos durante o período pandêmico. Nesse sentido, esse relato apresenta a análise da aplicação das etapas da metodologia e dos resultados obtidos pelos alunos nas atividades avaliativas da disciplina.
Experiência com a MoLIC na indústria: ensino e aplicação em um projeto para o comércio eletrônico
Authors: Monteiro Ingrid , Gonçalves Enyo
Published: May 2022

A MoLIC é uma linguagem de modelagem que pode auxiliar a comunicação sobre a interação de sistemas computacionais. Neste artigo, relata-se a aplicação da MoLIC no design de uma ferramenta administrativa de um sistema para o comércio digital. Para isso, foi realizado um treinamento da linguagem e algumas seções de modelagem colaborativa envolvendo designers e desenvolvedores, e depois coletou-se o feedback dos participantes com um formulário online. Como resultados deste estudo, confirmou-se o benefício do uso da MoLIC como ferramenta epistêmica e de comunicação em torno da criação de uma solução de design digital.
Panorama do Ensino de IHC no Brasil: uma análise dos anais do WEIHC de 2016 a 2020
Authors: Martins Danilo Silveira , Villela Maria Lúcia Bento
Published: May 2022

Este artigo traz um panorama do ensino de Interação Humano-Computador (IHC) no contexto dos cursos de graduação brasileiros. A análise considerou os 41 artigos que compõem os anais do WEIHC no período de 2016 a 2020. Os resultados mostram os desafios relacionados ao ensino de IHC, discutem aspectos relacionados à interdisciplinaridade, integração com a extensão e mercado de trabalho e ainda apontam metodologias e ferramentas adotadas pelos docentes. Tais experiências servem de parâmetro à comunidade de IHC para nortear suas atividades.
Um Estudo Sobre a Prática de Projetos Integrados em Turmas de Engenharia de Software e Interação Humano-Computador
Authors: de Oliveira Allana Capistrano , Salgado Luciana Cardoso de Castro , Neves Vânia de Oliveira , Seixas Flávio Luiz
Published: May 2022

As mudanças na indústria e nos modelos de negócios e de gestão voltados para a inovação tecnológica impulsiona e exige mudanças no meio acadêmico. Neste trabalho, investigamos a prática de projetos integrados entre um turma de Interação Humano-Computador e duas turmas de Engenharia de Software do Instituto de Computação da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Nosso objetivo é avaliar essa abordagem como uma forma de desenvolver as habilidades requeridas em disciplinas com ênfases diferentes, mas com objetivos em comum, de forma integrada. Por meio deste estudo foi possível propor a criação de um sistema que atua como repositório de projetos e casos, apoiando o docente e suas turmas, assim como a coleta das percepções de discentes que participaram do estudo e de outros docentes destas disciplinas.
Real and Synthetic Greywater Treatment by a Combined Process of Ozonation, Granular Activated Carbon, and Ultrafiltration
Authors: Shahsavani Ebrahim , Ehrampoush Mohammad Hassan , Samaei Mohammad Reza , Abouee Mehrizi Ehsan , Madadizadeh Farzan , Abbasi Alireza , Shiranian Mahboubeh , Mohammadpour Amin , Ebrahimi Ali Asghar
Published: May 2022

Background: The water crisis in different parts of the world forces people to manage water resources. Greywater can be used to reduce water stress. The annual rainfall average in Iran is hardly one-third of the world. In this study, the treatment of synthetic greywater at low, medium, and high organic load and real greywater (RGW) by a combined process of ozonation/granular activated carbon (GAC)/ultrafiltration (UF) have been investigated. Objectives: This study aimed to find a greywater treatment method that is effective, new, environment-friendly, and cost-effective. Methods: Chemicals and commercial compounds were used to prepare synthetic greywater, and the research pilot was developed. After several preparation steps, the GAC was transferred to a GAC reactor. A continuous flow of synthetic greywater entered the treatment system with low: 6.1, medium: 12.2, and high: 18.3 gCOD/L.d organic loading rates for 6 months. Next, the RGW samples from a residential complex in Shiraz, Iran, entered the treatment system for two weeks. After chemical analysis, an analysis of variance was carried out to compare the removal efficiency of parameters: [chemical oxygen demand (COD), five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), turbidity, and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS)] at various organic loads (low, medium, and high) of synthetic greywater and RGW. Results: We found the average COD removal in low, medium, and high organic loads of synthetic greywater and RGW as approximately 79.3%, 86.1%, 77.3%, and 97.3%, respectively. Moreover, the average BOD5 removal in the mentioned groups was about 69.6%, 48.9%, 42.7%, and 86.8%, respectively. The average of turbidity removal was 95.6%, 98.3%, 97.4%, and 97.9%, and average LAS removal was 90.1%, 88.9%, 88.3%, and 91.9%, respectively. Conclusions: This treatment method is remarkable for real and synthetic greywater treatment. It can effectively remove COD, BOD5, turbidity, and LAS. In addition, it is a relatively low-cost and environment-friendly system. Therefore, it can be recommended as a greywater treatment method, especially in countries with inadequate water supplies, such as Iran.
Incidence, Clinicomicrobiological Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Treatment ‎Outcomes of Bacterial Infections Following Liver Transplantation in Pediatrics: A ‎Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Vazin Afsaneh , Shahriarirad Reza , Azadeh Nazanin , Parandavar Nahid , Kazemi Kourosh , Shafiekhani Mojtaba
Published: May 2022

Background: Liver transplantation (LT) is the definitive treatment for patients with advanced liver failure. Bacterial infections are common consequences of organ transplantation resulting from immune suppression and prolonged hospitalization. Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined the records of all liver transplant pediatrics under 18 years of age in Abu-Ali Sina hospital, Shiraz, Fars province, Iran, from April 2019 to February 2020. Demographic, laboratory, and clinical data were extracted along with the administered therapeutic approach for the patient. Results: Of 80 enrolled patients, 52 were male, and 28 were female, with a median age of 60 months. An incidence of 67.9% of bacterial infections was recorded. Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens accounted for 64.06% and 35.93% of infections, respectively. Surgical site infections were the most common ones. The length of ICU stay, hospitalization, mechanical ventilation duration, and re-hospitalization were significantly higher in the infected group than in non-infected pediatrics (P-value < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the only risk factor for bacterial infections after LT was the length of ICU stay. The mortality rate was 22%, which was significantly higher among the infection group (P = 0.008). Conclusions: A high rate of bacterial infections and an increasing prevalence of nosocomial and antibiotic-resistant pathogens were detected in the early period after LT.
IMPACT OF BIG DATA ANALYTICS ON DISTRIBUTED MANUFACTURING: DOES BIG DATA HELP?
Authors: Sazu Mesbaul Haque , Sakila
Published: May 2022

Big data (BD) analytics has brought progressive improvement in the business environment. It provides businesses with optimized production, personalization and improvement in the way production is dispersed. Nevertheless, conflicts arise in the use of these methods in certain industries, like retail items, which usually basis on large-scale production and prolonged supply chain. The study develops a theoretical structure to investigate if big data coupled with different production solutions can provide for a dispersed production system. Through investigation of twenty-one buyer products business instances applying secondary and main data, the study investigated changing production processes, the inherent catalyst, the function of analytics, and its effect on distributed production. The study discovers several uses of distributed manufacturing principles to evaluate the current production processes worked for larger customer product solutions by using analytics and industry analysis. The evaluation’s suggested structure mentioned in this research has a deeper impact on planning, comprehension relationships, among factors of data analytics and distributed production.
Outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal neoplasms in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Choi Young Kwon , Noh Jin Hee , Kim Do Hoon , Na Hee Kyong , Ahn Ji Yong , Lee Jeong Hoon , Jung Kee Wook , Choi Kee Don , Song Ho June , Lee Gin Hyug , Jung Hwoon-Yong
Published: May 2022

Background/Aims: The treatment of superficial esophageal neoplasms (SENs) in cirrhotic patients is challenging and rarely investigated. We evaluated the outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) to determine the efficacy and safety of treating SENs in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods: The baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients who underwent ESD for SENs between November 2005 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.Results: ESD was performed in 437 patients with 481 SENs, including 15 cirrhotic patients with 17 SENs. En bloc resection (88.2% vs. 97.0%) and curative resection (64.7% vs. 78.9%) rates were not different between the cirrhosis and non-cirrhosis groups (p=0.105 and p=0.224, respectively). Bleeding was more common in cirrhotic patients (p=0.054), and all cases were successfully controlled endoscopically. The median procedure and hospitalization duration did not differ between the groups. Overall survival was lower in cirrhotic patients (p=0.003), while disease-specific survival did not differ between the groups (p=0.85).Conclusions: ESD could be a safe and effective treatment option for SENs in patients with cirrhosis. Detailed preprocedural assessments are needed, including determination of liver function, esophageal varix status, and remaining life expectancy, to identify patients who will obtain the greatest benefit.
Quality indicators in colonoscopy: the chasm between ideal and reality
Authors: Park Su Bee , Cha Jae Myung
Published: May 2022

Continuous measurement of quality indicators (QIs) should be a routine part of colonoscopy, as a wide variation still exists in the performance and quality levels of colonoscopy in Korea. Among the many QIs of colonoscopy, the adenoma detection rate, average withdrawal time, bowel preparation adequacy, and cecal intubation rate should be monitored in daily clinical practice to improve the quality of the procedure. The adenoma detection rate is the best indicator of the quality of colonoscopy; however, it has many limitations for universal use in daily practice. With the development of natural language processing, the adenoma detection rate is expected to become more effective and useful. It is important that colonoscopists do not strictly and mechanically maintain an average withdrawal time of 6 minutes but instead perform careful colonoscopy to maximally expose the colonic mucosa with a withdrawal time of at least 6 minutes. To achieve adequate bowel preparation, documentation of bowel preparation with the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) should be a routine part of colonoscopy. When colonoscopists routinely followed the bowel preparation protocols, ≥85% of outpatient screening colonoscopies had a BBPS score of ≥6. In addition, the cecal intubation rate should be ≥95% of all screening colonoscopies. The first step in improving colonoscopy quality in Korea is to apply these key performance measurements in clinical practice.
Interethnic workplace conflict: Reciprocal perception of Italian and immigrant blue-collar coworkers
Authors: Monaci Maria Grazia
Published: May 2022

Past research has examined the beneficial effects of contact focusing mainly on the affective dimension of intergroup relationships. Limited research has examined cognitive dimensions, in particular considering at the same time minority and majority group perspectives. This study tested whether contact in a work context relates differentially to the perception of interethnic conflict in Italian (n = 67) and immigrant (n = 40, all male) blue-collar coworkers with the potential mediation of reciprocal stereotypical content (competence and warmth dimensions), interethnic attitudes, perceived discrimination, and whether organizational identification amplifies the effect of contact. Multigroup path analysis revealed that the two stereotype dimensions, warmth and competence, mediate the relationship between interethnic contact and perceived discrimination for Italians, and between organizational identification and perceived conflict for immigrants. Results highlighted an asymmetrical effect of contact on perceived conflict, detrimental and direct for immigrant workers, beneficial and mediate via the outgroup cognitive image for the Italian workers. Findings suggest that a superordinate identity, in terms of organizational identification, may be effective in reducing conflict at the workplace for majority members, whilst a personalized strategy seems to be more suitable for minority members. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed along with the acculturation perspective.
Burnout in Italian primary teachers: The predictive effects of trait emotional intelligence, trait anxiety, and job instability
Authors: Mancini Giacomo , Mameli Consuelo , Biolcati Roberta
Published: May 2022

Burnout syndrome has recently been recognized as a public health problem, widely observed in educational settings. In this study, we aimed to examine the role played by contextual variables, including job (in)stability and teachers’ personal characteristics, in predicting factors associated with teacher burnout, using a convenience sample of 137 Italian primary school teachers (94.2% female, Age: M = 47.17, SD = 8.88). The findings from the hierarchical regression analyses showed that both trait emotional intelligence (EI) and trait anxiety predicted emotional exhaustion and lack of personal accomplishment in relation to work, with EI having a negative association and anxiety having a positive association with both. As for contextual variables, job instability positively predicted low personal accomplishment, whereas teachers’ working experience predicted emotional exhaustion. We discuss these results in light of the current working environment experienced by Italian teachers, which includes a high percentage of fixed-term workers. Moreover, we examine the implications for research and interventions related to trait EI as a protective factor that might prevent the onset of chronic professional burnout among teachers and increase teachers’ effectiveness and, therefore, pupils’ well-being, resulting in positive educational outcomes.
Børn og unges bevægelse i krise
Authors: Skau Pawlowski Charlotte , Schmidt Tanja
Published: May 2022

I artiklen undersøges COVID-19 nedlukningens indvirkning på danske børn og unges fysiske aktivitet. Desuden afdækkes skolerne og idrætsforeningernes rolle i relation til at understøtte børn og unges fysiske aktivitet under nedlukningen. Artiklen bygger på en spørgeskemaundersøgelse med børn og unge i alderen 6-16-år, som blev gennemført under anden nedlukning af samfundet (vinteren 2021). I artiklen præsenteres data fra 1.229 børn og unge, hvor deres fysiske aktivitet før og under nedlukningen sammenlignes og diskuteres i relation til de virkninger, det har at ændre rammerne for børn og unges vanlige fysiske aktivitet.
Redaktionelt forord
Authors: Marcussen Martin
Published: May 2022

Forord
Ude af øje, ude af sind: Betydningen af tilfældige interaktioner på arbejdspladsen
Authors: Håkonsson Dorthe , Reimer Larsen Erik
Published: May 2022

Ved hjemmearbejde vil man ofte opretholde arbejdsrelationer og sociale relationer, enten ved hjælp af e-mails, Zoom-møder eller lignende. Derimod vil man typisk ikke erstatte de interaktioner, som opfattes som unødvendig ”støj” – altså de typiske kaffemaskinesnakke eller tilfældige frokostsamtaler. Vi argumenterer for, at dette kan få fatale konsekvenser på lang sigt, særligt for vidensmedarbejdere, idet tilsyneladende unødvendige snakke kan vise sig at bibringe ny, brugbar viden. Vi opbygger disse argumenter med udgangspunkt i nyere litteratur om organisationsdesign, som giver os et rammeværk til at belyse effekten af, at (dele af ) medarbejderstaben arbejder hjemmefra. Ligeledes præsenterer vi et simpelt designværktøj, som organisationer kan bruge til at vurdere deres eget behov for designtilpasninger i forbindelse med planlægning af eventuelle fremtidige hjemmearbejdspladser.
Boganmeldelse: Det nationale råderum ved gennemførelse af EU-regler
Authors: Sindbjerg Martinsen Dorte
Published: May 2022

Jens Blom-Hansen, Jørgen Grønnegård Christensen, Caroline Howard Grøn, Michael Hansen Jensen og Peter Bjerre Mortensen (2021), Det nationale råderum ved gennemførelse af EU-regler, København: DJØF-forlag.
Catalonia’s Cultural Diplomacy – A Story of total liquidation or a new beginning?
Authors: Alsina Adrià
Published: May 2022

Catalonia’s para-diplomatic apparatus was hit hard when the Spanish government took control of the regional administration in the wake of the independence referendum of 2017. Since then, what was regarded by many as a successful model has mutated into a low-profile accommodating structure that is trying its best to steer through a storm of cumulative fines and pending legal cases while it avoids taking a central stage in national and international politics. The next two years will be key to see whether Catalan diplomacy retakes its place as a very particular international player trying to push a self-determination agenda or if it dissolves in a more mundane regional strategy.
Når tro og kultur møder det skatteretlige dokumentationskrav
Authors: Schultz-Knudsen Mikele
Published: May 2022

Artiklen analyserer en række retssager, der viser en gruppe danske muslimer ende i skatteretlige problemer, når de følger særlige praksisser fra deres religion og kultur, der besværliggør indsamling af den fornødne skatteretlige dokumentation. I flere sager har muslimske skatteydere argumenteret for, at der bør gælde mere lempelige skatteretlige dokumentationskrav pga. disse praksisser. Artiklen diskuterer domstolenes tilgang til disse argumenter og roser denne for sin insisteren på en objektiv standard, men kritiserer, at skattemyndighederne i nogle sager har anvendt en mindre neutral sprogbrug. Artiklen opfordrer til bedre oplysning af både borgerne, myndighederne og skatteretlige rådgivere, så muslimer kan vejledes om, hvordan de kan udleve deres praksisser på en sådan måde, at de opnår den fornødne skatteretlige dokumentation.
København-Beijing – exit, voice eller loyalty?
Authors: Marcussen Martin
Published: May 2022

Officielt laver Københavns Kommune ikke udenrigspolitik. Men hovedstadens bysamarbejde med Beijing bringer Borgerrepræsentationen ind i nogle svære overvejelser om værdier og interesser i dansk udenrigspolitik. På baggrund af en analyse af drivkræfterne i venskabsbysamarbejder og med reference til erfaringer fra de øvrige nordiske hovedstæder konkluderes, at Københavns Kommune er blevet en fast og vigtig del af hele Danmarks Kinastrategi.
Migrantmenigheder i Danmark
Authors: Sørensen Jørgen Skov
Published: May 2022

Antallet af migrantmenigheder er i løbet af de sidste 4 ½ år steget fra ca. 145 i 2004 til ca. 212 i 2008. Væksten i migrantmenigheder, hvoraf mange tilslutter sig et godkendt trossamfund og endnu flere selv ansøger om godkendelse, er en signifikant udvikling, som vidner om fortsat forandringer af organiseret religion i Danmark.
Museale formidlinger af fortiden som kolonimagt på danske og britiske museer
Authors: Nielsen Vibe
Published: May 2022

DEALING WITH A DIFFICULT PAST - HOW DANISH AND BRITISH MUSEUMS DISSEMINATE THE INTERNATIONAL COLONIAL TRADE AND ITS PRESENT LEGACIES 

The awareness in the Danish population of the problematic aspects of the colonial past has been limited for a long time. Although much has changed within recent years to change the general public awareness of Denmark’s role in the international colonial trade, this article argues that improvements can still be made. Through fieldwork at some of the biggest and most influential museums in the field of cultural, imperial and maritime history in Denmark and the United Kingdom the author analyses the different ways Danish and British museums are disseminating their countries’ involvement in the international colonial trade. The article argues that the differences observed in the museums can be seen in relation to the two countries’ different levels of multiculturalism in their populations, but also as a result of the fact that the international colonial trade was a bigger part of British history and therefore arguably has had a larger impact on the national identity in the United Kingdom than in Denmark.
I kølvandet - levedygtighed og koloniale økologier ved havnen på St. Thomas
Authors: Brichet Nathalia , Hastrup Frida
Published: May 2022

IN THE WAKE – LIVEABILITY AND COLONIAL ECOLOGIES AROUND THE HARBOUR OF ST THOMAS 

Setting out to prepare an exhibition at the Maritime Museum in Denmark in commemoration of the centennial for the Danish selling of the Virgin Islands to the USA in 1917, we explore what follows in the wake of more than 200 years of Danish ownership of the West Indian Islands, as they were then termed. The harbour in Charlotte Amalie is the article’s central analytical unit, and with a point of departure in this harbour we discuss how the former colonial presence has left its marks on the islands’ ecologies and nurtured both wondrous and monstrous forms of life. We ask a rather open question: How do past industrial activities in and around the harbour of Charlotte Amalie on the island of St. Thomas emerge and ramify today? The guiding idea for the exhibition and for this article is to engage stories and objects from present day life in the Charlotte Amalie harbour made possible – directly or indirectly – by Danish presence, bearing its mark in one way or another.
Et spøgelse går gennem Europa, informationsteknologiens spøgelse - et interview med Paul Mason
Authors: Rosbech Malise
Published: May 2022

Interview med Paul Mason af Malise Rosbech
Kampen om arbejderne - arbejdsbegrebets politiske historie 1750-2015
Authors: Bech Vilstrup Margit
Published: May 2022

THE STRUGGLE FOR THE WORKERS - POLITICAL CONCEPTUALIZATIONS OF 'THE WORKER', 1750-2015Although ‘the worker’ has been one of the key concepts in political language since the second half of the 19th century only few studies have been made of the historical shifts in its definition and semantic demarcation. Inspired by present day semantic shifts in the meaning and use of ‘the worker’ in Danish political debate, this article examines the long history of the politicization of the concept. With inspiration from Reinhart Kosellecks Begrieffsgeschichte, the article analyzes how ‘the worker’ functions as both an indicator of and a factor in the creation of ‘the modern’. From being a concept used purely as a descriptive category for the wageworker in manual production in the pre-1790-era it changes into a category defining the workers as a social group with a revolutionary potential. The article argues that the concept plays a key role in political parties’ different strategies of mobilization and legitimization, and that since the 1970s a definitive change can be identified. A change that embodies what Francois Hartog has described as a transition from the future-oriented to the presentist regime.
Den italienske variant – Fra Labriola til Gramsci
Authors: Sørensen Gert
Published: May 2022

THE ITALIAN CASE - FROM LABRIOLA TO GRAMSCITaking The Communist Manifesto (1848) as a point of departure, this article intends to emphasize the aporia in the works of Marx between Marx the scientist og Marx the politician, that furthermore reflects some of the main fractures between on one hand the theoretical interpretation of the capitalistic mode of production and on the other hand the strategic approaches characterizing the attempts of the European Socialist parties and the early European labour movement to overcome the ever returning crisis and the deep-rooted class conflicts. The specific Italian experiences offer the opportunity not only to discuss the philosophical and scientific contents of historical materialism but also to reactualize the political categories of democracy vis-à-vis the dictatorship of the proletariat and permanent revolution. In this respect, Antonio Labriola was a leading figure in the Italian debate of Marxism in the years between the 18th and the 19th Centuries, while Antonio Gramsci in the 1930ies revised the Marxist-Leninist tradition in the light of Fascism and the Stalinistic impasse of the Russian revolution.
Den dobbelte fordrejning: Begrebet fetichisme i kritikken af den politiske økonomi
Authors: Mau Søren
Published: May 2022

THE DOUBLE INVERSION - THE CONCEPT OF FETISHISM IN THE CRITIQUE OF POLITICAL ECONOMYKarl Marx’s critical analysis of ‘the secret of the fetishism of commodities’ – according to which the universal domination of the commodity form makes social relations appear in the form of relations between things – is today widely regarded as a central element of the critique of political economy. The concept of fetishism was generally neglected until in the 1920’s, and the debates around this concept did not really take off until the 1960’s. Since then, there have essentially been two predominant interpretations of Marx’s concept of fetishism: on the one hand those who regards fetishism as an ideological phenomenon, as something that has to do with the way in which social reality is represented for and in the social agents. On the other hand there are those who insists that fetishism refers to a certain displacement or inversion at the level of social practice itself, and not its ideological representation. In this article, I review these conflicting readings in the light of a close reading of Marx’s use of the term fetish(ism) in all of his writings from the Grundrisse (1857) onwards. I argue that Marx used this term to refer to an ideological phenomenon, and that he was right in doing so. I also point out that this does not entail subscribing to a naïve view of ideology as false consciousness or class manipulation that can be abolished by enlightenment and criticism.
Kunstværket som kontraværdi – Asger Jorns kritik af Marx’ økonomistiske værditænkning i Kapitalen
Authors: Erslev Andersen Jørn
Published: May 2022

THE WORK OF ART AS COUNTER-VALUE: ASGER JORN'S CRITIQUE OF MARX'S ECONOMISK VALUE-THINKING IN CAPITALAs one of the rather significant and influential Modernist and Avant-garde artists of the 20th century Asger Jorn is internationally well-known and admired. Lesser known – or lesser accepted in the reception of his work – is the fact that his many critical writings on art, philosophy, and politics as well as his archives and political activism are integrated and important parts of his entire artwork. For the first time in the reception of Jorn’s critical thinking the essay examines his Situationist criticism of Marx’ concepts of value, as outlined in the commodity analysis in Capital vol. 1, by regarding it a crucial example of his understanding of counter value as the only or most prominent quality of the artwork as such.
“For livmoderen er en slags forunderlighedernes værksted” – Thomas Bartholin, forplantningen og den legende natur
Authors: Nipper Nielsen Signe
Published: May 2022

“FOR THE UTERUS IS A SORT OF WORKSHOP OF WONDERS”: THOMAS BARTHOLIN, GENERATION AND THE JOKES OF NATURE

By focusing on the topic of generation, i.e. the engendering of new individuals, this article examines the “stuff” of nature, observed by empirical medicine in the 17 th century, represented by a renowned Danish anatomist, Thomas Bartholin (1616-1680). Bartholin represented the surge in empirical approaches to natural inquiry in the early modern period, and corresponded about and collected and exchanged a large number of written observations and anatomical and zootomical objects related to the workings of the female body and the process of generation. It is the main argument of this article that through this type of scientific observation, the human procreative body emerged as abundant, limitless and transformative, and its products became expressions of nature’s creativity. Bartholin described throughout his oevre numerous extraordinary products of generation, ranging from monstrous births to plants and animals generated inside human bodies, as illustrations of the ‘jokes of nature’ (lusus naturæ), a conceptual legacy from ancient literature and natural history denoting nature’s ingenuity and excessiveness, unbound by regularity and order.
Kunstig befrugtning
Authors: Hopwood Nick , Grotum Dann
Published: May 2022

ARTIFICIAL FERTILIZATION

The modern expansion of non-reproductive sex and sexless reproduction was mostly about contraception, but techniques for promoting conception by manipulating sperm, eggs and embryos have gained prominence over the past hundred and especially the past forty years. Artificial insemination (AI), in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer have not only produced such sensations as cattle sired by bulls on the other side of the world and women giving birth to their own grandchildren; with some half-million embryo transfers in cattle per year and about five million IVF children since Louise Brown’s birth in 1978, these methods are also common enough that sexual intercourse can appear ‘the old-fashioned way’ of making babies. These innovations are often called ‘historic’, but we lack synthetic histories. This selective survey explores the making of AI between the eighteenth century and the twentieth, charts the postwar rise of embryo transfer and IVF, and reflects on the generalization of assisted reproduction in the last few decades.
Middelalderisme og erindring – Oehlenschläger og den nordiske mytologi
Authors: Hermann Pernille
Published: May 2022

This article investigates points of intersection between medievalism and memory. It mainly focuses on the formative period of the 19th  century when the Norse past, the so-called Viking Age, as well as Old Norse mythology became integral parts of Danish national identity. The article homes in on Adam Oehlenschl.ger’s rejuvenation of the mythological materials and his reflections on the usefulness of the local mythologies, both for a national spirit and for poetic renewal. It is demonstrated that 19th  century medievalism, with its focus on mythology, essentially was a project of cultural memory, that is, of recollecting knowledge from culture’s childhood, and, additionally, that poetry, and with that imagination, plays a prominent role for the construction of a meaningful past.
På slagmarken med prins Otto – Kønsballade hos B.S. Ingemann i 1835
Authors: Kølle Martinsen Lone
Published: May 2022

In his historical novel from 1835, Prince Otto of Denmark and his Time , the poet Bernhard Severin Ingemann (1789-1862) established the unknown, yet historical character, Prince Otto of Denmark (1310-1346) as the hero of the novel. This choice has puzzled critics ever since, due to the fact that Prince Otto seems less a potential king than his brother Valdemar IV (1320-1372) who actually became a king of Denmark. Georg Brandes (1842-1927) claimed that Otto mirrored Ingemann’s persona as weak and feminine, a “monk” not suited for kingship. In his ridicule of Prince Otto and Ingemann, Brandes reveals his ideas about gender, masculinity and femininity, but as this article seeks to show, such ideas are tied to time and place. Read from the distance of 2019, Ingemann’s feminine medieval hero might seem more modern and progressive than Brandes would have him. In this sense, the article is a piece of “queer medievalism”.
Tillid: En emotionel relation i pædagogprofessionen
Authors: Krøjer Jo
Published: May 2022

A new study explores how professional knowledge are shaped in the relation between pedagogues and parents in kindergartens. It is well known that the care work of professional pedagogues holds emotional aspects as in integrated part of professional, pedagogical know-how. Opposed to what you might think, these emotional aspects of pedagogues’ work in this study seems not to be exclusively related to caregiving for children, on the contrary: Emotions also arises from relations with parents. This article examines this unexpected finding. How come that relations between professional pedagogues and kindergarten parents are carrying such a heavy, emotional load? And what are the implications of this for the pedagogical profession? The relevance of these questions is to expand the understanding of emotional demands in professional, pedagogical work in institutional caregiving practices.
Montserrat Vargas Vergara y Lourdes Aragón. Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible: hoja de ruta en la educación del siglo XXI. Innovación docente en la formación de profesionales.
Authors: Pérez-González A. Beatriz
Published: May 2022

La actual revisión bibliográfica ofrece un análisis de la aportación Los objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible: hoja de ruta en la educación del siglo XXI. Innovación docente en la formación de profesionales
Los trabajos que ahí se presentan ofrecen metodologías activas y propuestas para incorporar la temática de los ODS en el ámbito de formación del profesorado de la universidad. Se trata de 9 aportaciones que desde perspectivas diversas enfocan la necesidad de tratamiento en los planes de estudio de dichos objetivos. Confluyen en la metodología reflexiva, de debate y participativa, incluyendo el tratamiento grupos y reflexiones dialógicas o el autorreflexión del alumnado.  En esta reseña se presentan las temáticas y metodologías que los autores sugieren y se observa la posibilidad y función de la universidad en el trabajo de la agenda 2030. La gran mentira a la humanidad, ha sido no mostrar el debate sobre el cambio social y del planeta abiertamente. Quizá esta es la función que termine desarrollando este libro porque todo planteamiento novedoso conduce a visibilizar los problemas y a un debate necesario.
El rol de los capitales digitales en Escuelas Técnicas de Programación y las luchas por reducir las brechas digitales
Authors: Echeveste Maria Emilia , Martinez Cecilia
Published: May 2022

En las últimas décadas algunas escuelas han comenzado a ofrecer saberes de informática para achicar la brecha digital entre la población. Muchos países debaten incluir contenidos de programación de manera obligatoria para toda la población estudiantil. Sin embargo, existe poca documentación sobre cómo las escuelas que hoy enseñan computación distribuyen estos contenidos entre sus estudiantes y cuál es el aporte de la escuela en achicar la brecha digital. En este estudio de casos de tres escuelas técnicas con orientación en programación y recuperando conceptos centrales de la sociología de Bourdieu, reconocemos que en la distribución de tareas escolares las escuelas contribuyen a reproducir algunas desigualdades ligadas a los capitales digitales de origen y género. Asimismo, identificamos que el estudiantado encabeza luchas en las escuelas de programación para mejorar sus posiciones en el campo social de la informática.
Hacia una concepción crítica de la sociología de la educación: el debate entre Bourdieu y Boltanski
Authors: Pecourt Gracia Juan , Martínez Morales Ignacio , Bernad i García Joan Carles
Published: May 2022

En este artículo, se comparan las perspectivas de Pierre Bourdieu y Luc Boltanski en el ámbito de la sociología de la educación. Para ello, se parte del concepto de campo educativo de Bourdieu, se aborda su relación con otros conceptos, como el de capital cultural o violencia simbólica, y se analizan sus implicaciones. Después se presenta la propuesta de Boltanski en torno a conceptos como justificación, crítica, compromiso, ciudad o espíritu del capitalismo y en relación con el mundo de la educación. La comparación entre ambos autores muestra que, más allá de las diferencias evidentes entre ambos (generalmente etiquetadas como una oposición entre “sociología crítica” y “sociología pragmática de la crítica”), ambas perspectivas pueden complementarse para aportar una visión más omnicomprensiva del campo educativo.
De la reproducción a la producción de los márgenes del sistema educativo. Una aplicación del concepto bourdiano de campo
Authors: García-Goncet Daniel
Published: May 2022

Se analiza el sistema educativo recurriendo al concepto bourdiano de campo, entendido como un sistema de relaciones objetivas entre posiciones sociales adquiridas. En el texto se analiza la creciente diferenciacio?n y complejización que se ha ido desarrollando en el campo educativo, prestando especial atención a las iniciativas que se ubican en la zona fronteriza entre la educación formal y la no formal. A partir de la teorización del concepto de campo realizada por Pierre Bourdieu, se propone la definición del campo educativo como un espacio social de disputa permanente por legitimidad entre agentes dotados de capitales diversos. El trabajo expone la fecundidad del la propuesta de Bourdieu para conseguir mostrar cómo se ha configurado el campo, identificar las tramas existentes entre los agentes presentes en él y señalar las relaciones con otros ámbitos sociales.
As marcas da sociologia de Bourdieu no Brasil: da chegada ao atual reconhecimento
Authors: Ferreira Adir Luiz
Published: May 2022

A partir de la revisión de la literatura relevante, este artículo aborda la trayectoria de la sociología de Bourdieu en Brasil: desde la llegada hasta la difusión en las ciencias sociales; desde la incomprensión inicial hasta el reconocimiento de su obra, y su presencia en la producción científica brasileña reciente. La llegada de la sociología de Bourdieu a Brasil provocó resistencias en las instituciones educativas y de investigación, pero actualmente, el reconocimiento de su obra es innegable, pero también fue blanco de la incomprensión de su crítica social. Para la producción científica, se realizó un relevamiento de artículos en revistas científicas de cuatro grandes áreas (ciencias sociales, educación, humanidades y comunicación), en el período 2010-2019, observándose una estabilidad en las menciones de Bourdieu, incluso con una disminución precisamente en las ciencias sociales. En las tesis y disertaciones, en esta década, la referencia a sus obras también creció en las áreas consideradas, pero con una disminución en el área de humanidades. En general, la sociología bourdieusiana sigue muy presente en la producción científica brasileña, mostrando su vitalidad con el reconocimiento de los estudiantes de posgrado. Entre los autores extranjeros de sociología, Bourdieu es el sociólogo más mencionado en las tesis y disertaciones en el campo de la educación, y el segundo más mencionado en el campo de la sociología y áreas relacionadas. Aun así, en Brasil, la obra sociológica de Bourdieu no se ha configurado como una rigidez epistemológica, ni ha creado una ortodoxia, aunque tenga un inmenso prestigio intelectual.
El efecto Bourdieu: una sociología de la educación practicada como crítica epistemológica
Authors: Benedito Casanova Antonio
Published: May 2022

La sociología es una práctica científica y social que forma parte de los sistemas simbólicos de una sociedad dividida en clases, de ahí que pueda tener usos ideológicos. Pero la práctica epistemológica también lo es, por ello es problematizable como garante de cientificidad de la primera. Las prácticas sociológicas y epistemológicas actúan sobre las estructuras sociales y los procesos de cambio social, contribuyendo a su constitución como espacios de dominación. Al presentar la epistemología los mismos problemas de fundamentación científica que la sociología, P. Bourdieu recurre a la sociología de la educación para fundamentarla sociológicamente. La naturaleza ideológica de la sociología y de la epistemología puede determinarse, si se practican ambas de otro modo. El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer las bases del programa de investigación de P. Bourdieu relativo al análisis sociológico del campo sociológico que posibilita la fundamentación metodológica de la epistemología. El método seguido es el comparativo. Cartografiamos la configuración de instrumentos que usa el programa de Bourdieu a partir de una comparación con las herramientas empleadas por K. Marx, I. Kant y L. Wittgenstein en su crítica de la epistemología “teoricista”. La hipótesis formulada es que la implementación de una teoría materialista del conocimiento exige replantear los conceptos de “ideología” y “perspectiva”.
Felipe Trillo. Repensando la educación superior, miradas expertas para promover el debate
Authors: Massaguer Cutillas Vera
Published: May 2022

El libro es un homenaje a Miguel Ángel Zabalza. Durante él, diferentes autores reflexionan sobre cuestiones que afectan a la educación superior a partir de los conocimientos producidos anteriormente por el homenajeado. 
La reseña intenta recoger las ideas principales y realizar a modo de conclusión una reflexión sobre el libro.
Inhibitory control of frontal metastability sets the temporal signature of cognition
Authors: Fontanier Vincent , Sarazin Matthieu , Stoll Frederic M , Delord Bruno , Procyk Emmanuel
Published: May 2022

Cortical dynamics are organized over multiple anatomical and temporal scales. The mechanistic origin of the temporal organization and its contribution to cognition remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate the cause of this organization by studying a specific temporal signature (time constant and latency) of neural activity. In monkey frontal areas, recorded during flexible decisions, temporal signatures display specific area-dependent ranges, as well as anatomical and cell-type distributions. Moreover, temporal signatures are functionally adapted to behaviourally relevant timescales. Fine-grained biophysical network models, constrained to account for experimentally observed temporal signatures, reveal that after-hyperpolarization potassium and inhibitory GABA-B conductances critically determine areas’ specificity. They mechanistically account for temporal signatures by organizing activity into metastable states, with inhibition controlling state stability and transitions. As predicted by models, state durations non-linearly scale with temporal signatures in monkey, matching behavioural timescales. Thus, local inhibitory-controlled metastability constitutes the dynamical core specifying the temporal organization of cognitive functions in frontal areas.
Invariant representation of physical stability in the human brain
Authors: Pramod RT , Cohen Michael A , Tenenbaum Joshua B , Kanwisher Nancy
Published: May 2022

Successful engagement with the world requires the ability to predict what will happen next. Here, we investigate how the brain makes a fundamental prediction about the physical world: whether the situation in front of us is stable, and hence likely to stay the same, or unstable, and hence likely to change in the immediate future. Specifically, we ask if judgments of stability can be supported by the kinds of representations that have proven to be highly effective at visual object recognition in both machines and brains, or instead if the ability to determine the physical stability of natural scenes may require generative algorithms that simulate the physics of the world. To find out, we measured responses in both convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and the brain (using fMRI) to natural images of physically stable versus unstable scenarios. We find no evidence for generalizable representations of physical stability in either standard CNNs trained on visual object and scene classification (ImageNet), or in the human ventral visual pathway, which has long been implicated in the same process. However, in frontoparietal regions previously implicated in intuitive physical reasoning we find both scenario-invariant representations of physical stability, and higher univariate responses to unstable than stable scenes. These results demonstrate abstract representations of physical stability in the dorsal but not ventral pathway, consistent with the hypothesis that the computations underlying stability entail not just pattern classification but forward physical simulation.
Constitutive loss of DNMT3A causes morbid obesity through misregulation of adipogenesis
Authors: Tovy Ayala , Reyes Jaime M , Zhang Linda , Huang Yung-Hsin , Rosas Carina , Daquinag Alexes C , Guzman Anna , Ramabadran Raghav , Chen Chun-Wei , Gu Tianpeng , Gupta Sinjini , Ortinau Laura , Park Dongsu , Cox Aaron R , Rau Rachel E , Hartig Sean M , Kolonin Mikhail G , Goodell Margaret A
Published: May 2022

DNA Methyltransferase 3 A (DNMT3A) is an important facilitator of differentiation of both embryonic and hematopoietic stem cells. Heterozygous germline mutations in DNMT3A lead to Tatton-Brown-Rahman Syndrome (TBRS), characterized by obesity and excessive height. While DNMT3A is known to impact feeding behavior via the hypothalamus, here we investigated a role in adipocyte progenitors utilizing heterozygous knockout mice that recapitulate cardinal TBRS phenotypes. These mice become morbidly obese due to adipocyte enlargement and tissue expansion. Adipose tissue in these mice exhibited defects in preadipocyte maturation and precocious activation of inflammatory gene networks, including interleukin-6 signaling. Adipocyte progenitor cell lines lacking DNMT3A exhibited aberrant differentiation. Furthermore, mice in which Dnmt3a was specifically ablated in adipocyte progenitors showed enlarged fat depots and increased progenitor numbers, partly recapitulating the TBRS obesity phenotypes. Loss of DNMT3A led to constitutive DNA hypomethylation, such that the DNA methylation landscape of young adipocyte progenitors resemble that of older wild-type mice. Together, our results demonstrate that DNMT3A coordinates both the central and local control of energy storage required to maintain normal weight and prevent inflammatory obesity.
The geometry of robustness in spiking neural networks
Authors: Calaim Nuno , Dehmelt Florian A , Gonçalves Pedro J , Machens Christian K
Published: May 2022

Neural systems are remarkably robust against various perturbations, a phenomenon that still requires a clear explanation. Here, we graphically illustrate how neural networks can become robust. We study spiking networks that generate low-dimensional representations, and we show that the neurons’ subthreshold voltages are confined to a convex region in a lower-dimensional voltage subspace, which we call a 'bounding box'. Any changes in network parameters (such as number of neurons, dimensionality of inputs, firing thresholds, synaptic weights, or transmission delays) can all be understood as deformations of this bounding box. Using these insights, we show that functionality is preserved as long as perturbations do not destroy the integrity of the bounding box. We suggest that the principles underlying robustness in these networks — low-dimensional representations, heterogeneity of tuning, and precise negative feedback — may be key to understanding the robustness of neural systems at the circuit level.