bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved Viability of Areca (Areca catechu L.) Seedlings under Drought Stress Using a Superabsorbent Polymer
Authors: Li Jia , Liu Liyun , Zhou Huanqi , Li Meng
Published: December 2018

Areca (Areca catechu L.) is a tropical plant with great economic importance. In China, the fruit of areca (betel nut) is produced mainly in Hainan Province. However, the yield of betel nuts was impacted seriously by frequent water deficits in Hainan Province. Drought causes deleterious effects on the growth and development of areca plants, especially on young seedlings, which hampered the extensive planting of areca. In this study, a reagent of a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) was applied into the culture soil and we analyzed its function against drought stress when seedlings were grown under different irrigation levels. We observed that SAP application caused a significant increase in plant weight under severe drought, as well as in the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII [Y(II)] index of chlorophyll (chl), indicating the photosynthetic efficiency of seedlings under severe drought (D) was enhanced by SAP. The antioxidant enzyme activity of areca seedlings under D was indicated to be enhanced by the increasing activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), but not catalase (CAT). In addition, SAP even has slight negative effects on the growth of seedlings under adequate water. Our results provide a theoretical basis to improve the viability of areca seedlings under severe drought using SAP, which is urgently needed for the market.
Early Flowering Induction in Golden Camellia Seedlings and Effects of Paclobutrazol
Authors: Wei Xiao-Juan , Ma Jinlin , Wang Kun , Liang Xiao-Jing , Lan Jin-Xuan , Li Yue-Juan , Li Kai-Xiang , Liang Haiying
Published: December 2018

Camellia chrysantha flowers are in great market demand as a result of their high ornamental and medicinal values. To induce early flowering in 4-year-old juvenile C. chrysantha seedlings, three levels of paclobutrazol (PBZ) concentration (100, 200, and 300 ppm) were applied to the roots. PBZ is a triazole-type cytochrome P450 inhibitor that was found successful in inducing flowering in juvenile C. chrysantha grafted plants in a prior report. The current study shows that all three PBZ concentrations were equally effective in induction of floral buds, resulting in an average of 20 floral buds per treated plant. In comparison, none of the untreated plants flowered. Although the induced flowers were smaller than the ones from mature trees, PBZ treatment did not affect C. chrysantha flowers’ medical values, because there was no significant change in the content of pharmacologically active compounds (polysaccharide, polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins). None of the PBZ treatments had a negative effect on the current year’s growth in height and basal diameter, photosynthesis, and levels of water-soluble sugars and nutrients [phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and carbon (C)]. It is concluded that PBZ is an effective flowering inducer for juvenile C. chrysantha plants. It was also found that PBZ-treated plants experienced defoliation, and there existed a strong correlation between severity of defoliation and PBZ concentration. This might be attributed by the stress induced by PBZ, as demonstrated by the increased activities of some of the stress-related enzymes [ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD)], and the level of malondialdehyde (MAD). Considering that severe defoliation can cause stunted or malformed plants and reduce aesthetic value, 100 ppm is the optimal PBZ concentration for flowering induction in C. chrysantha seedlings.
Balancing Objectives in an Organic Oat Rotation Year: Implications of Planting Date and Crop Density
Authors: Weisberger David A. , Wiedenhoeft Mary H. , Smith Margaret A. , Liebman Matthew Z.
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

Yield, test weight, and returns over seed cost were greatest at early planting dates.

Early planting optimized forage establishment and weed suppression in one site‐year.

Increasing oat density increased yield in one site‐year, and test weight overall.

Target oat density had no effect on returns over seed cost.

Oat (Avena sativa L.) is an important component of organic row crop rotations in the Upper Midwest. Our goal was to determine the effects of planting date and crop density on oat grain yield and yield components, test weight, straw yield, underseeded alfalfa and ambient weed biomass, and returns over seed cost. We conducted an experiment on certified organic farmland on an agricultural experiment station near Boone, IA, USA, over 2 yr. A randomized complete block split‐plot design was used to test effects of planting date (6, 17, and 28 Apr. 2015, 22 Mar. 2016, 4 and 15 Apr. 2016) as whole plot and target crop density (161, 236, 312, and 386 plants m–2) as subplot. Planting date had the greatest effect on response variables. Yields decreased by 33 and 9%, respectively, over 2015 and 2016 planting periods. Delayed planting decreased test weight in both site‐years. Alfalfa biomass decreased and weed biomass increased (as a function of delayed planting) in 2016, but had no effect in 2015. Increasing oat density had a positive linear effect on grain yield and test weight, and no effect on alfalfa biomass in both site‐years. Increasing oat density had a negative effect on weed biomass in 2016 and no effect in 2015. Returns over seed cost did not differ among our density treatments in both site‐years. Our results highlight potential no‐cost improvements that can be made to organic oat management to improve grain yield and quality, without negatively impacting forage establishment or weed suppression.
Soft Red and White Winter Wheat Response to Input‐Intensive Management
Authors: Quinn D. , Steinke K.
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

Prophylactic input applications failed to consistently increase wheat yield and net return without the presence of yield‐limiting factors.

Traditional management significantly increased economic net return in three of four site‐years.

Producers may wish to consider integrated pest management strategies for justification of input applications.

Record grain yields and increased awareness of climate variability have more producers considering intensive (i.e., high‐input) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) management. This study investigated soft winter wheat response to several agronomic inputs across intensive and traditional (i.e., low‐input) management systems. A four site‐year trial was established at Richville and Lansing, MI during 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the following inputs: increased rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer, urease inhibitor (UI), nitrification inhibitor (NI), fungicide, plant growth regulator (PGR), and foliar micronutrients. Across four site‐years, intensive management did not increase yield compared to traditional management. In addition, traditional management increased average economic net return by $221 ha−1. At the reduced N rate, Richville 2016 yield decreased 0.94 Mg ha−1 within the intensive system suggesting greater N demand with intensive management. Due to significant stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) occurrence, at 2016 Lansing, yield increased 0.75 Mg ha−1 when fungicide was added to the traditional system. Lansing 2017 yield decreased 0.52 Mg ha−1 when UI was removed from the intensive system, yet decreased 0.51 Mg ha−1 when UI was added to the traditional system. Heavy rainfall, lack of urea hydrolysis, and N rate likely contributed to the inconsistent UI response. The 2016 and 2017 growing seasons produced an overall absence of adverse environmental conditions which influenced negligible input responses. Although yield increases were observed, no single input increased net return. Results suggest intensive management benefits are unlikely at current wheat prices and without the presence of yield‐limiting factors.
Stream Corridor Soil Phosphorus Availability in a Forested–Agricultural Mixed Land Use Watershed
Authors: Perillo Vanesa L. , Ross Donald S. , Wemple Beverley C. , Balling Courtney , Lemieux Liza E.
Published: December 2018

Watershed land use affects nutrient and sediment export, particularly through streambank erosion, which can add to P export and contribute to eutrophication in downstream waterbodies. We characterized P of soils from four different land uses (32 sites) along streams in the Missisquoi River basin (Vermont, USA)—silage corn (Zea mays L.), hay meadow, emergent wetlands, and forest—and their corresponding streambanks. We measured total P (TP), pH 4.8 NH4–acetate P, degree of P saturation (DPS), and soluble P. The latter three measurements were used as predictors of potential P bioavailability. Forest soils were relatively low in TP, whereas soils in corn, hay, and wetland were elevated (>1000 mg kg−1). With the exception of forests, the TP of the corresponding streambanks of each land use was statistically significantly lower than in the interior of the land use, while still higher than those in forests, suggesting a possible influence of land use on its adjacent streambank. The pH 4.8 NH4–acetate P was low in nonagricultural land uses and all streambanks of different land uses, but higher than optimum for soils in cornfields and hayfields. The DPS averaged 36% in the cornfields, but <21% in all of the streambanks. Mean soluble P was 0.14 mg kg−1 for corn‐ and hay‐associated streambanks with a DPS <10% but was as high as 3.2 mg kg−1 in the agricultural fields. The combination of low bioavailable P measurements indicates that most streambank soils are likely low contributors to P enrichment downstream. However, the elevated TP in some agricultural streambank soils suggests an accumulation of legacy P.

Core Ideas

Soil P concentrations varied widely among four watershed land uses.

Agriculture and wetland streambank soils had less P than adjacent land uses.

Streambank soils from the four different land uses had low P release potential.
Gross, Background, and Net Anthropogenic Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Soybean, Corn, and Wheat Croplands
Authors: Della Chiesa Tomas , Piñeiro Gervasio , Yahdjian Laura
Published: December 2018

Agricultural soils are the largest single source of N2O emissions globally. However, soils left uncultivated would still release N2O. Distinguishing anthropogenic from natural emissions (i.e., background emissions) in crops is important if we want to assess the net effect of human activity. This study aimed to characterize N2O emissions from croplands and unmanaged grasslands to estimate the net anthropogenic emissions and to gain a better insight into their main drivers. We established a replicated manipulative field experiment in the Pampas Region of Argentina to quantify soil N2O emissions from corn (Zea maysL.), wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] crops, and from adjacent unmanaged grassland plots for 1 yr. We also analyzed the main controls of N2O emissions and the correlation between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and N2O fluxes. Background emissions represented between 21 and 32% of total emissions from croplands, depending on crop type. No differences were detected in N2O emissions between total and background during winter and peak crop growing season. NDVI showed a significant correlation with N2O fluxes which was positive in grasslands and negative in growing season of soybean crops. Our results showed that N2O emissions from croplands were higher than background emissions, but also that background represented an important fraction of cropland emissions. Higher emissions in croplands occurred during pre‐seeding, after harvest, and after N fertilization in fertilized crops. In addition, our study informs about N2O emissions from crops and unmanaged systems in South America where field data are very scarce.

Core Ideas

We measured soil N2O emissions in South America where field data are very scarce.

Nonanthropogenic fluxes represented 21 to 32% of crop N2O emissions.

NDVI, a plant productivity index, improved seasonal estimation of N2O flux.
Removing Hydrogen Sulfide Contamination in Biogas Produced from Animal Wastes
Authors: Pham Cuong H , Saggar Surinder , Berben Peter , Palmada Thilak , Ross Craig
Published: December 2018

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) contamination in biogas produced from animal wastes limits its use to cooking and precludes it from being used for heating, lighting, or electricity generation. This limitation results in the release to the atmosphere of between 3 and 51% of total biogas produced. Biogas contains 50 to 70% methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. This study aimed to develop a cost‐effective H2S filtering system using local materials rich in iron as iron oxide (Fe2O3), which reacts readily with H2S and forms adsorbed iron sulfide (Fe2S3) when gas is passed through it. Here we tested the performance of seven New Zealand soils and sand, each at five different gas flow rates (59, 74, 94, 129, and 189 mL min−1). We found that three materials (allophanic soil, brown soil, and black sand) had stable H2S removal efficiencies close to 100% at all gas flow rates, followed by typic sand (89–99%), raw sand (76–99%), acidic sand (48–89%), and podzol soil (58–87%). These results show that inexpensive and simple filters to remove H2S from biogas can be made using local soils. Used soil in the filters can then be easily regenerated by exposure to the atmosphere and reused to achieve sustained H2S removal efficiency.

Core Ideas

Allophanic soil, brown soil, and black sand almost completely removed H2S at a range of flow rates.

Typic sand, raw sand, acidic sand, and podzol soil removed some H2S.

Inexpensive filters using local iron‐rich soils can remove H2S from biogas.

Used soil in the filters can be easily regenerated by exposure to the atmosphere and reused.
Evaluation of Grain β‐Glucan Content in Barley Accessions from the USDA National Small Grains Collection
Authors: Bonman J. Michael , Bockelman Harold E. , Hijmans Robert J. , Hu Gongshe , Klos Kathy Esvelt , Gironella Ann Inez N.
Published: December 2018

The content of (1→3, 1→4)‐β‐glucan (BG) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has become a breeding target due to the human health benefits of BG. More than 20,000 barley accessions from the USDA National Small Grains Collection (NSGC) have been assayed for BG content and the data recorded in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). This study classified barley accessions as high or low BG content using the GRIN data, analyzed the relationship of BG content with the geographic origin of accessions and other barley descriptors, and verified the analysis with two replicated field experiments using a total of 829 accessions. Content of BG varied with geographic origin and spike‐row type. Accessions from Asia and Africa had higher frequencies of high‐BG‐content accessions and those from Europe and the Americas had higher frequencies of low‐BG‐content accessions. Two‐row accessions were more often classified as high BG content than six‐row types. There was no significant relationship between accession improvement status (e.g., landrace vs. either cultivar or breeding line) and BG content. The geographic differences among barley accessions likely correspond to the ecogeographic classification of barley and end‐use needs, such as malting vs. food barley, that vary by origin. Genebank databases should be expanded to include classification of relative BG content to make the data more readily useful to plant breeders.
Physicochemical Organic Matter Stabilization across a Restored Grassland Chronosequence
Authors: Bugeja Shane M. , Castellano Michael J.
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

• Twenty‐one years after cropland‐to‐grassland conversion, soil organic C (SOC) was within 5% of a new equilibrium but remained 64% of a never‐cultivated remnant.

• Mineral‐associated and free particulate organic matter pools increased with time but microaggregate pools did not.

• Ammonium oxalate‐extractable Fe was highly concentrated on microaggregate silt and clay.

• Polyvalent cations and ammonium oxalate‐extractable Fe were not correlated to total SOC or soil N.

In reconstructed grasslands, soil organic matter (SOM) is the largest CO2 and reactive N sink but SOM gains after reconstruction rarely achieve precultivation levels. Through a chronosequence of reconstructed grasslands 1 to 21 yr after establishment, we explored which physicochemical mechanisms protect accumulated soil organic C (SOC) and N from mineralization. After 21 yr, total SOC and soil N concentrations increased by 32 and 23%. The SOC concentration was within 5% of a new equilibrium but was 64% of a never‐cultivated remnant. Chemically stabilized C and N pools on free silt and clay surfaces increased with time. Coarse particulate organic matter C increased with time but accounted for <12% of SOC. Microaggregate‐stabilized SOM did not change. The positive linear relationship between total SOC and free silt and clay C indicates that 21 yr after establishment, reconstructions have unsatisfied capacity for further SOM storage, despite proximity to a new SOC equilibrium. The accumulated C and N associated with free silt and clay suggest that ammonium oxalate‐extractable Fe (AmOx‐Fe) and polyvalent cation concentrations could be correlated with total C and N stocks. These promote SOM stabilization and were possibly affected by human activity before reconstruction. However, AmOx‐Fe and polyvalent cation concentrations were not associated with total SOC or soil N and could not explain the slowing SOM accumulation. Regardless of time since reconstruction, AmOx‐Fe was highly concentrated on microaggregate surfaces compared with other fractions and was positively associated with microaggregate C and N, suggesting a link between Fe and microaggregate stabilization.
Investigating the quality of stored drinking water from the Harare water distribution system, Zimbabwe
Authors: Dandadzi Pardon , Hoko Zvikomborero , Nhiwatiwa Tamuka
Published: December 2018

This study investigated the effects of different storage conditions (refrigerator, cupboard and sunlight) on the quality of drinking water collected from the distribution system. The study was carried out in the period June–July 2017 and focussed on selected suburbs of Harare. Sampling sites on the distribution system were grouped into three zones (1, 2 and 3) depending on the proximity to the treatment plant, whether there was further chlorination or not and the water flow path. Three water samples were collected in opaque 5 L containers from one site (tap) in each zone and stored under the three storage conditions and periodically analysed for pH, free residual chlorine, temperature and chlorophyll-a. The pH of stored water increased with storage time for all storage conditions and in all zones. The residual chlorine decreased with time in all zones and under all storage conditions. The chlorophyll-a levels also decreased with time under all storage conditions. Refrigerator samples showed the slowest deterioration of water quality and sunlight the highest. Although the pH of stored water increased with time, it remained within both SAZ and WHO guideline values. Household disinfection of stored water is recommended generally after 1 week of storage.
Implications of soils around domestic water points in the spread of intestinal parasites in the city of Yaounde (Cameroon)
Authors: Aghaindum Ajeagah Gideon , Atud Asi Quiggle , Nadège Okoa Amougou Thérèse
Published: December 2018

To determine the role of soils in dissemination of enteric protozoan cysts and intestinal eggs and/or larvae of helminths, a study was carried out on muddy soils around springs and wells of six districts in Yaounde, Cameroon from February to July 2015. Protozoan cysts and helminth eggs and larvae were observed microscopically after concentration by standard scientific methods. Flagellated enteric protozoa cysts were detected at an average density of 245 ± 145 cysts/L for Giardia intestinalis, 308 ±190 cysts/L for Chilomastix mesnili, 105 ± 106 cysts/L for Enteromonas hominis and 96 ± 118 cysts/L for Retortamonas intestinalis. Cyst densities were higher during the short rainy season (277 ± 119 cysts/L) than in the short dry season (147 ± 60 cysts/L). The helminths identified were Ascaris sp., Enterobius sp., Necator americanus and/or Ancylostoma duodenale, Strongyloides sp., Taenia sp., Hymenolepis sp., Diphyllobothrium sp. and Fasciola sp. Size varied between 40 μm and 200 μm for eggs and between 100 μm and 600 μm for the larvae assessed. Densities of environmental forms of the helminths were also higher during the short rainy season (176 ± 77 agents/L) than during the short dry season (117 ± 49 agents/L). These results show that muddy soils could contribute to the contamination of wells and springs and should be considered in epidemiological studies of intestinal parasites.
Wet flue gas desulfurization wastewater treatment with reclaimed water treatment plant sludge: a case study
Authors: Chen Hong , Wang Yiyu , Wei Yanxiao , Peng Liang , Jiang Bo , Li Gang , Yu Guanlong , Du Chunyan
Published: December 2018

To upgrade a wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater treatment process in a typical thermal power plant (TPP) in Hunan province, China, a new concept for reusing polyaluminum chloride (PAC)-based water treatment plant sludge (WTPS) as a coagulant is proposed. Results show that, for an optimal WTPS dosage of 1,000 mg/L, the corresponding removal capacities for suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the practical FGD wastewater were 58.3% and 40.3%, respectively. Through an advanced treatment with a dosage of 50 mg/L of PAC, pH of 9, and stirring of 150 r/min for 60 s and 50 r/min for 15 min, the total removal efficiencies of SS, COD, and total cadmium (Cd) from the FGD wastewater were 93.7%, 88.8%, and 84.6%, respectively. Therefore, a new modification process (that involves mixing with WTPS – slag cleaner – neutralization – coagulation – sedimentation) was proposed. The proposed process is economically superior, and the average cost for the FGD wastewater treatment was only 1.08 USD/t. This could provide a cost-effective alternative process for upgrading FGD wastewater treatment facilities of TPPs.
Computational Method for Identifying Malonylation Sites by Using Random Forest Algorithm
Authors: Wang ShaoPeng , Li JiaRui , Sun Xijun , Zhang Yu-Hang , Huang Tao , Cai Yudong
Published: December 2018

Background:

As a newly uncovered post-translational modification on the
ε-amino group of lysine residue, protein malonylation was found to be involved in
metabolic pathways and certain diseases. Apart from experimental approaches, several
computational methods based on machine learning algorithms were recently proposed to
predict malonylation sites. However, previous methods failed to address imbalanced data
sizes between positive and negative samples.

Objective:

In this study, we identified the significant features of malonylation sites in a
novel computational method which applied machine learning algorithms and balanced data
sizes by applying synthetic minority over-sampling technique.

Method:

Four types of features, namely, amino acid (AA) composition, position-specific
scoring matrix (PSSM), AA factor, and disorder were used to encode residues in protein
segments. Then, a two-step feature selection procedure including maximum relevance
minimum redundancy and incremental feature selection, together with random forest
algorithm, was performed on the constructed hybrid feature vector.

Results:

An optimal classifier was built from the optimal feature subset, which featured an
F1-measure of 0.356. Feature analysis was performed on several selected important features.

Conclusion:

Results showed that certain types of PSSM and disorder features may be
closely associated with malonylation of lysine residues. Our study contributes to the
development of computational approaches for predicting malonyllysine and provides
insights into molecular mechanism of malonylation.
Long-Term Outcome of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients on Chronic Oral Anticoagulants: Data from the EPICOR Study
Authors: Stepinska Janina , Wojtkowska Izabela , Annemans Lieven , Danchin Nicolas , Pocock Stuart J. , de Werf Frans Van , Medina Jesús , Bueno Hector
Published: December 2018

Objective:

To analyze characteristics, management and outcomes of patients with acute
coronary syndromes (ACS) receiving chronic oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy enrolled in the EPICOR
(long-tErm follow-uP of antithrombotic management patterns In acute CORonary syndrome patients)
prospective, international, observational study of antithrombotic management patterns in ACS survivors
(NCT01171404).

Methods:

This post-hoc analysis evaluated the association between OAC use at baseline (OACb) and
time from hospital admission to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (tHA-PCI), pre-PCI thrombolysis
in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 3 flow, stent type, length of hospitalization, and clinical endpoints;
death, non-fatal MI, and non-fatal stroke, a composite of these ± bleeding, over 2 years’ followup.

Results:

Of 10,568 ACS patients, 345 (3.3%) were on OACb (non-ST-segment elevation ACS [NSTEACS],
n=268; ST-segment elevation MI [STEMI], n=77). OACb patients were older with more comorbidities.
In NSTE-ACS OACb patients, tHA-PCI was longer (median 57.4 vs. 27.8 h; p=.008), and
TIMI 3 flow rarer (26.0 vs. 33.5%; p=0.035). OACb patients had longer mean hospital stay (NSTEACS:
8.9 vs. 7.6 days; p<0.001; STEMI: 9.5 vs. 7.8 days; p=0.015), and higher rates of the composite
endpoint (NSTE-ACS: 16.8 vs. 8.8%; p<0.0001; STEMI: 23.4 vs. 5.9%; p<0.0001). Bleeding events
were more common with OACb (NSTE-ACS: 6.0 vs. 3.3%; p=0.01; STEMI: 6.5 vs. 2.8%; p=0.04).

Conclusion:

At 2-years, OACb use was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and bleeding
events in STEMI and NSTE-ACS. NSTE-ACS patients on OACb experienced prolonged time to
intervention, lower rates of TIMI 3 flow and longer hospitalization.
Vitamin D and Spondyloarthritis: Review of the Literature
Authors: Crotti Chiara , Becciolini Andrea , Biggioggero Martina , Favalli Ennio Giulio
Published: December 2018

Background:

Spondyloarthritides (SpAs) encompass heterogeneous diseases sharing similar genetic background, pathogenic mechanisms, and phenotypic features. Vitamin D is essential for calcium metabolism and skeletal homeostasis. Some recent evidences reported supplemental functions of vitamin D, such as modulation of inflammatory reactions.

Objective:

To analyze published data about a possible association between vitamin D and SpAs.

Results:

Vitamin D could play a role in immune reactions, influencing both immune and adaptive response. Vitamin D deficiency is more frequent in SpAs than in general population: an active and more severe disease infers patients’ mobility and reduces sunlight exposure. Quiescent inflammatory bowel disease, frequently associated with SpAs, could worsen vitamin D deficiency. All the parameters related to UVB exposure are the most important determinants for vitamin D status and need to be considered evaluating the vitamin D levels in SpAs.

Apart from musculoskeletal problems, patients affected by SpAs frequently suffer from other comorbidities, especially cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis, and vitamin D status could have a relevance in this field. Bone is involved in SpAs with a dualistic role, coexisting trabecular bone resorption and new bone formation.

It seems rational to monitor vitamin D levels in SpA subjects and to target it to global health threshold.

Conclusion:

Literature data were not completely in agreement about a possible relation between poor vitamin D status and onset or worse disease course of SpAs. In fact, these results come from cross-sectional studies, which affect our ability to infer causality. Therefore, large, randomized controlled trials are needed.
Vitamin D, Inflammation and Osteoporosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Sainaghi Pier Paolo , Gibbin Antonello
Published: December 2018

Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) commonly develop osteoporosis and fragility fractures. This fact cannot be explained only with the use of glucocorticoids, known to be detrimental for bone health. RA is characterized by a chronic inflammation caused by the continuous activation of innate and adaptive immunity with proinflammatory cytokines overproduction. This process is detrimental for several organs and physiological processes, including the impairment of bone remodeling. We will briefly review the pathogenesis of inflammation-related bone loss in RA, describing well-known and new molecular pathways and focusing on vitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone role.
Chemo-Diversity of Antibacterial Anthraquinones from the Roots of Morinda morindoides
Authors: Moroh Jean-Luc Aboya , Fleury Yannick , Coulibaly Adama , Labia Roger , Leguérinel Ivan
Published: December 2018

Background:

Morinda morindoides (Baker) (Rubiaceae) is a medicinal plant with antimicrobial
properties currently used in Côte d'Ivoire and other countries. These properties have been described
but most of the studies are dealing with crude extracts.

Objective:

The chemical structures of the bioactive compounds extracted from Morinda morindoides
roots have been characterized.

Methods:

The root extracts were analyzed by using HPLC. Fourteen fractions were detected among
which 11 compounds have been structurally identified by using a combination of 1H-NMR and 13CNMR
and LC-HRMS methodologies.

Results:

All these compounds belong to anthraquinone family. The antibacterial activity of the
eleven compounds was tested against six strains of microorganisms with ofloxacin as standard (two
Gram-negative bacteria, two Gram-positive bacteria and two yeasts). The Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations
recorded, varies from 8 to 128 μg / ml. Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible
organism.

Conclusion:

We highlight the chemo-diversity of the antibacterial anthraquinones in the roots of
Morinda morindoides.
Nanohybrids of Dendrimers and Carbon Nanotubes: A Benefaction or Forfeit in Drug Delivery?
Authors: Jain Keerti
Published: December 2018

Introduction:

Nanomaterials are emerging as a fascinating delivery systems being explored
for the delivery of different bioactives including drug, diagnostic agents and genetic materials
etc. Among these nanomaterials dendrimers and Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are being investigated
for various biomedical applications. Although both of these nanomaterials have shown great
potential in drug delivery yet their promising clinical applications are still suspected due to problems
like toxicity, dispersibility etc. Scientists have been investigating the potential of nanohybrids
comprising of dendrimers and nanotubes for biomedical applications. Few reports are also available
on the toxicological profile of CNTs and dendrimers nanohybrids.

Conclusion:

The results of these investigations suggest two possibilities, first, hybrids of CNTs
and dendrimers could suppress each other’s demerits while synergizing the potentials; second, prospective
toxicity of nanohybrids on which different reports have discrimination in results. Future
biomedical applications of CNTs-dendrimers nanohybrids require a thorough investigation on their
toxicity and biological interactions.
Sujeitos performativos do jurídico II: sobre narrativas de raça e gênero para uma releitura do povo como categoria de uma democracia radical
Authors: Magalhães Gomes Camilla De
Published: December 2018

RESUMO:Guiado por um propósito geral de introduzir a corporeidade na teoria jurídica, este artigo serve como parte de uma investigação sobre as possibilidades de uma teoria do humano no Direito que seja expansiva. Para isso, utiliza-se das matrizes teóricas da performatividade e da decolonialidade. Essa leitura permite tanto reconhecer o Direito como violência, quanto nele encontrar possibilidades de uso de sua linguagem para construir sentidos expansivos. E é com isso em mente que um dos institutos que falam do humano no Direito é analisado: o povo. Quem é o povo? Quem é essa instituição definida no ato de promulgação da Constituição? E quem não é o povo – ou ao menos ainda não? Proponho, então, ler o povo como ato de fala performativo e, ao fazer essa leitura, permitir que as corporalidades antes produzidas como abjetas agora sejam nossa forma de reinscrever o sentido do humano no Direito. ABSTRACT:Guided by a general purpose of introducing corporeity into Legal Theory, this article serves as part of an investigation of the possibilities of a theory of the human in the Law that is expansive. For this, the theoretical framework of performativity and decoloniality are used. This reading allows both to recognize Law as violence, but also to find possibilities of using its language to build expansive senses. And it is with that in mind that one of the institutes that speak of the human in Law is analyzed: the people. Who are the people? Who is this institution defined in the act of the promulgation of the Constitution? And who is not the people – or at least not yet? I propose, therefore, to read the people as a performative speech act, and in doing this reading allow corporealities formerly produced as abject now be our way of reintroducing the meaning of the human in Law.
Оптимизация системы реабилитации пациентов, перенесших нарушения мозгового кровообращения, при подготовке специалистов сестринского дела
Authors: Trofimova G. , Savelyeva A. , Kobyakova I. , Lavrovsky S.
Published: December 2018

Разработана научно обоснованная модель реабилитации лиц, перенесших мозговой инсульт путем волонтерского движения студентов медицинского колледжа.
Мультидисциплінарна професійна підготовка сімейних лікарів з надання паліативної допомоги пацієнтам похилого віку
Authors: Tsarenko A. , Gubsky Yu. , Tsarenko V.
Published: December 2018

У статті представлені сучасні підходи щодо оптимізації мультидисциплінарної професійної підготовки лікаря загальної практики-сімейного лікаря для забезпечення високої якості надання медичної і, у тому числі, паліативної допомоги пацієнтам похилого і старечого віку, що набуває в умовах реформування системи охорони здоров’я в Україні особливого значення. Мультидисциплінарна професійна підготовка лікарів з питань паліативної і хоспісної допомоги вимагає у процесі безперервної післядипломної освіти залучення викладачів різного профілю, що довело свою ефективність на кафедрі паліативної і хоспісної медицини НМАПО імені П.Л.Шупика.
Patterns of Beverages Consumed and Risk of Incident Kidney Disease
Authors: Rebholz Casey M. , Young Bessie A. , Katz Ronit , Tucker Katherine L. , Carithers Teresa C. , Norwood Arnita F. , Correa Adolfo
Published: December 2018

Background and objectives

Selected beverages, such as sugar-sweetened beverages, have been reported to influence kidney disease risk, although previous studies have been inconsistent. Further research is necessary to comprehensively evaluate all types of beverages in association with CKD risk to better inform dietary guidelines.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We conducted a prospective analysis in the Jackson Heart Study, a cohort of black men and women in Jackson, Mississippi. Beverage intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline (2000–2004). Incident CKD was defined as onset of eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and ≥30% eGFR decline at follow-up (2009–13) relative to baseline among those with baseline eGFR ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between the consumption of each individual beverage, beverage patterns, and incident CKD. Beverage patterns were empirically derived using principal components analysis, in which components were created on the basis of the linear combinations of beverages consumed.

Results

Among 3003 participants, 185 (6%) developed incident CKD over a median follow-up of 8 years. At baseline, mean age was 54 (SD 12) years, 64% were women, and mean eGFR was 98 (SD 18) ml/min per 1.73 m2. After adjusting for total energy intake, age, sex, education, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, history of cardiovascular disease, and baseline eGFR, a principal components analysis–derived beverage pattern consisting of higher consumption of soda, sweetened fruit drinks, and water was associated with significantly greater odds of incident CKD (odds ratio tertile 3 versus 1 =1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 2.41).

Conclusions

Higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with an elevated risk of subsequent CKD in this community-based cohort of black Americans.
FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INTERCROPPING MAIZE AND SOYBEAN ON IMMATURE OIL PALM
Authors: Agustira Muhammad Akmal , Lubis Ilham , Listia Eka , Akoeb Erwin Nyak , Harahap Iman Yani , Lubis M. Edwin S.
Published: December 2018

Maize and soybean can be planted for intercropping on immature oil palm, however its  financial and economycal aspects have not been widely studied. This study was aimed to analyze the financial and economic aspects of intercropping of maize and soybean on immature oil palm, level of land use efficiency, and comparison of efficiency between monolculture and intercropping system.  The study located in Sorolangun Experimental Station, District of Sorolangun, Jambi. Methods used in the study were farming business analysis, Revenue Cost Ratio (RCR), Return on Investments (ROI), Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), and Land Equivalent Optimize Ratio (LOER). The results showed that maize had a profit level of Rp 9,676,564/ha/growing season, RCR 1.76; ROI 188.28% (three growing seasons per year), while soybean had a profit level of Rp 4,059,352/ha/growing season, RCR 1.51 and ROI 75.22% (three growing seasons per year). Based on these results,  intercropping of maize and soybean on immature oil palm are economically and financially feasible. For the land use efficiency, corn LER value for corn and soybean was 0.95 and 0.85, respectively, showing that yield of maize and soybean from intercropping system (effective land area of ​​7,200 m2 per ha of oil palm area) was 95% and 85% when compared to monoculture system. The LOER value of corn and soybeans per ha was 1.32 and 1.18, respectively, which showed that corn and soybeans growing on intercropping system with immature oil palm were more efficient than monoculture system at the same size of  land. Based on those comparative analysis of economic values, financial, and land use efficiency, corn was a better alternative crop for intercorpping on immature oil palm than soybean.
EFEKTIVITAS FLUBENDIAMIDA DALAM PENGENDALIAN ULAT API Setothosea asigna Van Eecke, ULAT KANTUNG Metisa plana Walker, DAN PENGGEREK TANDAN Tirathaba rufivena Walker SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP AKTIVITAS KUMBANG PENYERBUK Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust.EFEKTI
Authors: Priwiratama Hari , Rozziansha Tjut Ahmad Perdana , Prasetyo Agus Eko
Published: December 2018

Flubendiamida merupakan insektisida baru yang memiliki selektivitas tinggi terhadap serangga dari kelompok Lepidoptera. Penelitian dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh aplikasi flubendiamida terhadap tingkat mortalitas ulat api S. asigna, ulat kantung M. plana, dan penggerek tandan T. rufivena pada tanaman kelapa sawit menghasilkan. Dampak aplikasi flubendiamida terhadap aktivitas serangga penyerbuk E. kamerunicus juga turut diamati pada penelitian ini. Aplikasi flubendiamida dilakukan secara langsung pada tajuk atau tandan buah yang terserang hama dengan dosis 0, 50, 100, 150, dan 200 mL/ha. Sementara itu, untuk melihat pengaruhnya terhadap kunjungan serangga penyerbuk, flubendiamida diaplikasikan secara langsung pada tandan bunga jantan yang sedang mekar dengan dosis 150 mL. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat mortalitas ketiga ulat meningkat seiring dengan pertambahan dosis aplikasi. Flubendiamida pada dosis aplikasi 150-200 mL/ha efektif untuk mengendalikan ulat api dan ulat kantong, sedangkan untuk penggerek tandan pada dosis 200 mL/ha. Aplikasi flubendiamida tidak menyebabkan efek negatif terhadap kunjungan dan perkembangbiakan kumbang E. kamerunicus pada bunga jantan kelapa sawit.
POTENSI BEBERAPA GULMA SEBAGAI TANAMAN PENUTUP TANAH DI AREA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT MENGHASILKAN
Authors: Asbur Yenni , Rambe Rahmi Dwi Handayani , Purwaningrum Yayuk , Kusbiantoro Dedi
Published: December 2018

Pengelolaan tanaman penutup tanah merupakan salah satu merupakan salah satu teknik konservasi tanah dan air di perkebunan kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari potensi beberapa gulma sebagai tanaman penutup tanah di perkebunan kelapa sawit menghasilkan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat umur 20 tahun di Desa Namorambe Kecamatan Namorambe, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara dari Maret sampai Juni 2017. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok satu faktor. Empat spesies gulma (N. biserrata, A. gangetica, P. conjugatum, dan A. conyzoides) dijadikan sebagai perlakuan, setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa N. biserrata, A. gangetica, P. conjugatum, dan A. conyzoides berpotensi digunakan sebagai tanaman penutup tanah di area kelapa sawit menghasilkan. Keempat spesies tersebut mudah diperbanyak, cepat menutup lahan (8-12 minggu setelah tanam), memproduksi daun dan cabang cukup banyak, dan cukup mengandung unsur hara di dalam jaringan tanamannya. Kandungan N, P, K, dan C organik  tertinggi berturut-turut terdapat pada N. biserrata (4,02% N), P. conjugatum (0,31% P), A. gangetica (2,41% K), dan A. conyzoides  (37,23% C-organik).
Трансдисциплинарность как направление развития современного градостроительства
Authors: Bocharov Yuri P. , Zheblienok Mikhail A. , Zheblienok Natalia N.
Published: December 2018

Статья посвящена вопросу развития принципов дисци­плинарного взаимодействия в градостроительстве. Перечень дисциплин, составляющих научную основу градостроитель­ства, часто становился предметом исследования отечествен­ных авторов, но принцип организации взаимодействий и обеспечение междисциплинарной иерархии имеющимися исследованиями почти не затронуты. Авторский коллектив систематизировал отечественные модели организации дисциплинарного взаимодействия в градостроительстве. Выделены важнейшие этапы эволюции дисциплинарных вза­имодействий, которые по аналогии с зарубежной практикой названы «многодисциплинарный» - «междисциплинарный» и «трансдисциплинарный».

«Многодисциплинарная» модель интеграции опирается на возможности суммирования знаний из различных на­учных областей специалистом-градостроителем. Эта модель предполагает крайне ограниченное количество дисциплин и остро ставит вопрос физической возможности освоения всего круга знаний одним специалистом. В дальнейшем эта модель была усовершенствована и во всем мире получила распро­странение идея «междисциплинарной» интеграции, которая предполагает существование нескольких профилей в про­фессии градостроителя. Дисциплинарный синтез реализуется за счет формирования междисциплинарных исследований, появлением новых пограничных областей научного знания.

В настоящий момент «трансдисциплинарная» модель определена как наиболее актуальная. На основании модели «трансдисциплинарных» взаимодействий предложена кон­цепция современной структуры градостроительства. Систему градостроительных знаний предлагается рассматривать как часть системы общечеловеческих знаний, сконцентрирован­ную вокруг сложного гетерогенного объекта - искусственной среды обитания. В этом случае границы градостроительного знания трактуются как адаптирующиеся в зависимости от ус­ловий конкретного объекта градостроительной деятельности. Концепция позволяет учесть динамичный характер постоянно расширяющего перечня научных дисциплин, причисляемых к системе градостроительных знаний, а также принимает во внимание разнообразные формы активности (участие жите­лей, общественных организаций, инициативы представителей разных уровней власти), которые в современном мире со­ставляют весомую часть градостроительства[1].

[1] Исследование выполнено в рамках Государственной программы Российской Федерации «Развитие науки и технологий» на 2013-2020 годы по Плану фундаментальных научных исследований Минстроя России и РААСН, тема №5.1.6/4.2.13.
«Лахта Центр»: автоматизированный мониторинг деформаций несущих конструкций и основания
Authors: Travush Vladimir I. , Shakhramanyan Andrey M. , Kolotovichev Yury A. , Shakhvorostov Alexey I. , Desyatkin Mikhail O. , Shulyatyev Oleg A. , Shulyatyev Stanislav O.
Published: December 2018

Многофункциональный комплекс МФК «Лахта Центр» - масштабный проект общественно-деловой застройки Приморского района Санкт-Петербурга. В состав комплекса вошли три уникальных сооружения: сверхвысокая Башня, большепролётные Многофункциональное здание (МФЗ) и входная Арка[1], объединённые общей стилобатной частью. При возведении объектов комплекса было задействовано множество инновационных строительных технологий, применены нестандартные проектные решения.

В соответствии с действующими нормативными документами для обеспечения безопасности возведения и эксплуатации уникальных зданий в рамках проведения научно-технического сопровождения (НТС) строительства был организован комплекс мероприятий по постоянному мониторингу напряжённо-деформированного состояния (НДС) конструкций МФК.

Основная цель проведения мониторинга - минимизировать вероятность возникновения аварийных ситуаций, вызванных неопределённостями в работе несущих конструкций здания и грунтов основания.

В статье приводится общая информация о проектных и организационных решениях по внедрению системы автоматизированного мониторинга НДС конструкций Башни МФК «Лахта Центр». Даны подробные сведения об архитектуре и топологии системы, описаны применяемое оборудование, методика проведения измерений, программное обеспечение и регистрируемые с его помощью параметры напряжённодеформированного состояния сооружений.

Обобщён опыт проектирования, монтажа, наладки и эксплуатации системы мониторинга деформаций несущих конструкций Башни во время её возведения. Особое внимание уделено результатам сопоставления расчётов ряда ответственных конструкций с данными инструментального мониторинга. Отмечены проблемы, неизбежно возникающие при интерпретации результатов мониторинга, предложены пути их решения.

Особо подчёркнута ценность данных, предоставляемых системами автоматизированного мониторинга, для повышения качества научно-технического сопровождения строительства и калибровки компьютерных моделей основания, фундамента и несущих конструкций зданий.

 

[1] В статье приняты проектные написания названия МФК и составляющих его объектов.
Retraction: Xininyu J, Xiaoiaoiaoqining C, Yanyanyan W, Free radical-scavenging activity and flavonoid contents of Polygonum orientale leaf, stem, and seed extracts, Arch Biol Sci, 2009;61(1):79-83. , https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS0901079J
Authors: Editorial E
Published: December 2018

The Editor-in-Chief of the Archives of Biological Sciences has been informed
of possible dual publication of the article: Xininyu J, Xiaoiaoiaoqining C,
YanYanYan W, Free radical-scavenging activity and flavonoid contents of
Polygonum orientale leaf, stem, and seed extracts Arch Biol Sci,
2009;61(1):79-83, with the affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, South Central University, Changsha 410083, PR China, which is a
duplicate of an earlier paper: Xinyu J, Xiaoqing C, Yan W. Free Radical
Scavenging Activity and Flavonoids Contents of Polygonum orientale Leaf,
Stem and Seed Extracts. Lat Am J Pharm. 2009;28(2):284-7. The abstract is
available here: http://www.latamjpharm.org/resumenes/28/2/LAJOP_28_2_2_3.pdf.

 Link to the retracted article 10.2298/ABS0901079J