bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of alpha dose for predicting radiolytic
species at the surface of spent nuclear fuel pellets
Authors: Becker Frank , Kienzler Bernhard
Published: December 2014

In many countries, spent nuclear fuel
is considered as a waste form to be disposed of in
underground disposal. Under deep host rock conditions,
a reducing environment prevails. In the case of water
contact, long-term radionuclide release from the fuel
depends on dissolution processes of the UO2 matrix. The
dissolution rate of irradiated UO2 is controlled by oxidizing
processes facilitated by dissolved species formed by alpharadiolysis
of water in contact with spent nuclear fuel. To
understand the effect of the radiation, the information of
the dose rate at the surface of the fuel and its proximity
is needed. α particles contribute strongly due to their
high linear energy transfer. However, their dose rate and
the energy deposition at the fuel surface are difficult to
measure. Cylindrical fuel pellets as used in fuel rods show
specific features, such as the rim zone, where a higher Pu
concentration and a different porosity of the fuel matrix
is present. The a particle dose rate was determined by
simulations with the code MCNPX with focus on the rim
zone of a pellet. As a result a 40% increased dose level
in the rim zone exists in comparison to the center of
a pellet. The potential dominant and inhomogeneous
α-dose distribution is supposed to have a strong impact on
radiolysis phenomena and in turn on an inhomogeneous
dissolution of elements over the surface.
Competing constructions: The pluralization of presentational haber in Dominican Spanish
Authors: Claes Jeroen
Published: December 2014

Drawing on Cognitive Construction Grammar (CCxG), I present an analysis of the pluralization of haber in Dominican Spanish (e.g. Habían fiestas ‘There were parties’) as an ongoing language change from below during which the singular argument-structure construction () is being replaced by a pluralized schema (). Using a mixed-effects regression analysis, in which the individual speakers and the NPs' head nouns were included as random intercepts, I show that speakers pluralize presentational haber in 47% of the cases and that the variation is conditioned by three general cognitive constraints (markedness of coding, structural priming, and statistical pre-emption). Using a conditional inference tree, I show that the former two cognitive constraints work in tandem to promote the pluralized construction for the encoding of conceptualizations that statistical preemption tends to reserve to the singular construction. The results also unveil that the variation is associated with social class membership. These data confirm the main hypothesis, while at the same time corroborating and strengthening the conclusions of an earlier investigation of haber pluralization in Puerto Rican Spanish.
How long is the sign?
Authors: Jantunen Tommi
Published: December 2014

This paper deals with the relative empirical length of signs in sign languages and provides evidence for the view that they are actually longer units than has hitherto been recognized. The evidence is presented from two perspectives: those of sign articulation and sign recognition. Concerning sign articulation, it is suggested that signs are longer units than is currently assumed because most of the structural features of signs are in fact already present before the currently accepted beginnings of signs and they continue after signs' generally accepted endings. Concerning sign recognition, the longer view of the sign is proposed on the grounds that the recognition point of signs is typically located before their alleged beginning, and because signs (as currently understood) can also be recognized on the basis of parts of their subsequent transitions only. The nature of the longer sign is discussed together with some more general consequences for sign language research of the revision of our view of what a sign might be.
The effect of an excessive amount of carbon nanotubes on the properties of zinc oxide-carbon nanotube nanocomposites
Authors: Güler Ömer
Published: December 2014

The effect of the amount of carbon nanotubes on the electrical and optical properties of carbon nanotube (CNT)-zinc oxide nanocomposites was investigated. In this study, carbon nanotubes were prepared by chemical vapor deposition in a fluidized reactor. The diameters and lengths of the carbon nanotubes that were synthesized were determined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to be 20–30 nm and a few micrometers, respectively. Then, CNTs were added to commercial zinc oxide powder to prepare the nanocomposite. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of the samples were characterized by various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis absorption, and electrical transport measurements. The room temperature conductivity σ25 values of the undoped ZnO and ZnO doped with 0.1% CNTs, 0.2% CNTs, and 5% CNTs were found to be 6.55×10-5, 5.46×10-4, 1.23×10-3, and 2.83×10-2 S/cm, respectively. The optical band gaps of the composites were determined by the Kubelka-Munk theory based on the analysis of diffuse reflectance. The results that were obtained indicated that the electrical and optical properties of ZnO semiconductors can be improved by the incorporation of CNTs. However, the ZnO lost some of its distinctive properties when excess amounts of CNTs were used in the ZnO-CNT composites.
Association between alendronate and atypical femur fractures: a meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Lu , Li Chunyan , Yang Peng , Zhu Jian , Gan Dongmei , Bu Le , Zhang Manna , Sheng Chunjun , Li Hong , Qu Shen
Published: December 2014

Alendronate (ALN) is a commonly used drug for the treatment of osteoporosis. Atypical femur fractures (AFFs) have been associated with long-term use of ALN and have recently become the subject of considerable attention as ALN use increases. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the relationship between ALN and AFF. The Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane library databases were searched for relevant studies published before November 6, 2014. Studies clearly reporting the relationship between ALN and AFF were selected for our analysis. From these results, the relationship between ALN and AFF was analyzed. Weighted mean differences were calculated using a random-effects model. Five studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results revealed that the use of ALN will not increase the risk of AFF in short term (P>0.05), but there will be a risk of AFF (P<0.05) with long-term (>5 years) use of ALN. These findings indicate that long-term use of ALN is a risk factor for AFF and that more attention should be paid to the clinical applications of ALN.
PROGRESS IN ALDOSTERONISM: A review of the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in pre-hypertension and hypertension
Authors: Piaditis George , Markou Athina , Papanastasiou Labrini , Androulakis Ioannis I , Kaltsas Gregory
Published: December 2014

Primary aldosteronism (PA) secondary to excessive and/or autonomous aldosterone secretion from the renin–angiotensin system accounts for ∼10% of cases of hypertension and is primarily caused by bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH) or aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs). Although the diagnosis has traditionally been supported by low serum potassium levels, normokalaemic and even normotensive forms of PA have been identified expanding further the clinical phenotype. Moreover, recent evidence has shown that serum aldosterone correlates with increased blood pressure (BP) in the general population and even moderately raised aldosterone levels are linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In addition, aldosterone antagonists are effective in BP control even in patients without evidence of dysregulated aldosterone secretion. These findings indicate a higher prevalence of aldosterone excess among hypertensive patients than previously considered that could be attributed to disease heterogeneity, aldosterone level fluctuations related to an ACTH effect or inadequate sensitivity of current diagnostic means to identify apparent aldosterone excess. In addition, functioning aberrant receptors expressed in the adrenal tissue have been found in a subset of PA cases that could also be related to its pathogenesis. Recently a number of specific genetic alterations, mainly involving ion homeostasis across the membrane of zona glomerulosa, have been detected in ∼50% of patients with APAs. Although specific genotype/phenotype correlations have not been clearly identified, differential expression of these genetic alterations could also account for the wide clinical phenotype, variations in disease prevalence and performance of diagnostic tests. In the present review, we critically analyse the current means used to diagnose PA along with the role that ACTH, aberrant receptor expression and genetic alterations may exert, and provide evidence for an increased prevalence of aldosterone dysregulation in patients with essential hypertension and pre-hypertension.
Long-term results of the surgical management of insulinoma patients with MEN1: a Groupe d'étude des Tumeurs Endocrines (GTE) retrospective study
Authors: Vezzosi Delphine , Cardot-Bauters Catherine , Bouscaren Nicolas , Lebras Maëlle , Bertholon-Grégoire Mireille , Niccoli Patricia , Levy-Bohbot Nathalie , Groussin Lionel , Bouchard Philippe , Tabarin Antoine , Chanson Philippe , Lecomte Pierre , Guilhem Isabelle , Carrere Nicolas , Mirallié Eric , Pattou François , Peix Jean Louis , Goere Diane , Borson-Chazot Françoise , Caron Philippe , Bongard Vanina , Carnaille Bruno , Goudet Pierre , Baudin Eric
Published: December 2014

Objective

Management of insulinomas in the context of MEN1 remains poorly studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term results of various surgical approaches in a large cohort of insulinoma–MEN1 patients.

Design and methods

Consecutive insulinoma–MEN1 patients operated on for a nonmetastatic insulinoma between 1957 and 2010 were retrospectively selected from the MEN1 database of the French Endocrine Tumor Group. The type of surgery was categorized as distal pancreatectomy (DP), total pancreatectomy/cephalic duodenopancreatectomy (TP/CDP), or enucleation (E). Primary endpoint was time until recurrence of hypoglycemia after initial surgery. Secondary endpoints were post-operative complications.

Results

The study included 73 patients (median age=28 years). Surgical procedures were DP (n=46), TP/CDP (n=9), or E (n=18). After a median post-operative follow-up of 9.0 years (inter-quartile range (IQR): 2.5–16.5 years), 60/73 patients (82.2%) remained hypoglycemia free. E and TP/CDP were associated with a higher risk of recurrent hypoglycemia episodes (unadjusted hazard ratio: 6.18 ((95% CI: 1.54–24.8);P=0.010) for E vs DP and 9.51 ((95% CI: 1.85–48.8);P=0.007) for TP/CDP vs DP. After adjustment for International Union against Cancer pTNM classification, enucleation remained significantly associated with a higher probability of recurrence. Long-term complications had occurred in 20 (43.5%) patients with DP, five (55.6%) with TP/CDP, but in none of the patients who have undergone E (P=0.002).

Conclusion

In the French Endocrine database, DP is associated with a lower risk for recurrent hypoglycemia episodes. Due to lower morbidity, E alone might be considered as an alternative.
Abiotic and Biotic Stressors Causing Equivalent Mortality Induce Highly Variable Transcriptional Responses in the Soybean Aphid
Authors: Enders Laramy S , Bickel Ryan D , Brisson Jennifer A , Heng-Moss Tiffany M , Siegfried Blair D , Zera Anthony J , Miller Nicholas J
Published: December 2014

Environmental stress affects basic organismal functioning and can cause physiological, developmental, and reproductive impairment. However, in many nonmodel organisms, the core molecular stress response remains poorly characterized and the extent to which stress-induced transcriptional changes differ across qualitatively different stress types is largely unexplored. The current study examines the molecular stress response of the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) using RNA sequencing and compares transcriptional responses to multiple stressors (heat, starvation, and plant defenses) at a standardized stress level (27% adult mortality). Stress-induced transcriptional changes showed remarkable variation, with starvation, heat, and plant defensive stress altering the expression of 3985, 510, and 12 genes, respectively. Molecular responses showed little overlap across all three stressors. However, a common transcriptional stress response was identified under heat and starvation, involved with up-regulation of glycogen biosynthesis and molecular chaperones and down-regulation of bacterial endosymbiont cellular and insect cuticular components. Stressor-specific responses indicated heat affected expression of heat shock proteins and cuticular components, whereas starvation altered a diverse set of genes involved in primary metabolism, oxidative reductive processes, nucleosome and histone assembly, and the regulation of DNA repair and replication. Exposure to host plant defenses elicited the weakest response, of which half of the genes were of unknown function. This study highlights the need for standardizing stress levels when comparing across stress types and provides a basis for understanding the role of general vs. stressor specific molecular responses in aphids.
Plant Genetic Archaeology: Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals the Pedigree of a Classical Trisomic Line
Authors: Salomé Patrice A , Weigel Detlef
Published: December 2014

The circadian oscillator is astonishingly robust to changes in the environment but also to genomic changes that alter the copy number of its components through genome duplication, gene duplication, and homeologous gene loss. While studying the potential effect of aneuploidy on the Arabidopsis thaliana circadian clock, we discovered that a line thought to be trisomic for chromosome 3 also bears the gi-1 mutation, resulting in a short period and late flowering. With the help of whole-genome sequencing, we uncovered the unexpected complexity of this trisomic stock’s history, as its genome shows evidence of past outcrossing with another A. thaliana accession. Our study indicates that although historical aneuploidy lines exist and are available, it might be safer to generate new individuals and confirm their genomes and karyotypes by sequencing.
Ectopic Expression Screen Identifies Genes AffectingDrosophilaMesoderm Development Including the HSPG Trol
Authors: Trisnadi Nathanie , Stathopoulos Angelike
Published: December 2014

Gastrulation of the embryo involves coordinate cell movements likely supported by multiple signaling pathways, adhesion molecules, and extracellular matrix components. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have a major role in Drosophila melanogaster mesoderm migration; however, few other inputs are known and the mechanism supporting cell movement is unclear. To provide insight, we performed an ectopic expression screen to identify secreted or membrane-associated molecules that act to support mesoderm migration. Twenty-four UAS insertions were identified that cause lethality when expressed in either the mesoderm (Twi-Gal4) or the ectoderm (69B-Gal4). The list was narrowed to a subset of 10 genes that were shown to exhibit loss-of-function mutant phenotypes specifically affecting mesoderm migration. These include the FGF ligand Pyramus, α-integrins, E-cadherin, Cueball, EGFR, JAK/STAT signaling components, as well as the heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) Terribly reduced optic lobes (Trol). Trol encodes the ortholog of mammalian HSPG Perlecan, a demonstrated FGF signaling cofactor. Here, we examine the role of Trol in Drosophila mesoderm migration and compare and contrast its role with that of Syndecan (Sdc), another HSPG previously implicated in this process. Embryos mutant for Trol or Sdc were obtained and analyzed. Our data support the view that both HSPGs function to support FGF-dependent processes in the early embryo as they share phenotypes with FGF mutants: Trol in terms of effects on mesoderm migration and caudal visceral mesoderm (CVM) migration and Sdc in terms of dorsal mesoderm specification. The differential roles uncovered for these two HSPGs suggest that HSPG cofactor choice may modify FGF-signaling outputs.
Overdominance Effect of the Bovine Ghrelin Receptor (GHSR1a)-DelR242Locus on Growth in Japanese Shorthorn Weaner Bulls: Heterozygote Advantage in Bull Selection and Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Komatsu Masanori , Sato Yoichi , Negami Tatsuki , Terada Tohru , Sasaki Osamu , Yasuda Jumpei , Arakawa Aisaku , Yoshida Chikara , Takahashi Hideaki , Malau-Aduli Aduli E O , Suzuki Keiichi , Shimizu Kentaro
Published: December 2014

Ghrelin and the ghrelin receptor (GHSR1a) are involved in growth hormone secretion, food intake, and several other important functions. Ghrelin acts on GHSR1a and induces signal transduction via the Gαq subunit. In our previous study, we identified the DelR242 (3R) allele, a truncated 3-arginine residue (3R) [major type: 4 arginine residues (4R)] of the third intracellular loop of GHSR1a, with a high frequency in Japanese Shorthorn bulls (0.43) but with a low frequency in other cattle breeds (0.00–0.09). To further investigate the reasons for the higher frequency of the 3R allele, we performed several experiments. In this study, we found a significant sex difference in the frequency of the 3R allele. Statistical analysis revealed a significant overdominance effect of the DelR242 locus on growth in Japanese Shorthorn weaner bulls. However, additive/dominance/overdominance effects of the 3R allele on carcass traits in adult steers and dams were not significant. The mode of the overdominance effect was estimated to be solely controlled by the single DelR242 locus without any other linked loci using linkage disequilibrium analysis in GHSR1a. These results indicated that 4R/3R heterozygotes had a selective advantage in weaner bulls because of their higher average daily gain than homozygotes. We discussed possible molecular mechanisms involved in the overdominance effect of the DelR242 locus on these traits in weaner bulls using a structural model of the complex consisting of a GHSR1a dimer and Gαq.
Threshold Models for Genome-Enabled Prediction of Ordinal Categorical Traits in Plant Breeding
Authors: Montesinos-López Osval A , Montesinos-López Abelardo , Pérez-Rodríguez Paulino , de los Campos Gustavo , Eskridge Kent , Crossa José
Published: December 2014

Categorical scores for disease susceptibility or resistance often are recorded in plant breeding. The aim of this study was to introduce genomic models for analyzing ordinal characters and to assess the predictive ability of genomic predictions for ordered categorical phenotypes using a threshold model counterpart of the Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Predictor (i.e., TGBLUP). The threshold model was used to relate a hypothetical underlying scale to the outward categorical response. We present an empirical application where a total of nine models, five without interaction and four with genomic × environment interaction (G×E) and genomic additive × additive × environment interaction (G×G×E), were used. We assessed the proposed models using data consisting of 278 maize lines genotyped with 46,347 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and evaluated for disease resistance [with ordinal scores from 1 (no disease) to 5 (complete infection)] in three environments (Colombia, Zimbabwe, and Mexico). Models with G×E captured a sizeable proportion of the total variability, which indicates the importance of introducing interaction to improve prediction accuracy. Relative to models based on main effects only, the models that included G×E achieved 9–14% gains in prediction accuracy; adding additive × additive interactions did not increase prediction accuracy consistently across locations.
Cost of Quality in Crowdsourcing
Authors: Iren Deniz , Bilgen Semih
Published: December 2014

Crowdsourcing is a business model which allows practitioners to access a rather cheap and scalable workforce. However, due to loose worker-employer relationships, skill diversity of the crowd and anonymity of participants, it tends to result in lower quality compared to traditional ways of doing work. Thus crowdsourcing practitioners have to apply certain techniques to make sure that the end product complies with the quality requirements. Quality assurance techniques impact project costs and schedules. A well-defined methodology is needed to estimate these impacts in order to manage the crowdsourcing process effectively and efficiently. This paper introduces cost models of common quality assurance techniques that may be applied in crowdsourcing and describes a proposed cost of quality approach for analyzing quality related costs.
Lessons From A Year Of Citizen Science
Authors: Borrell James
Published: December 2014

Emerging global issues such as climate change and biodiversity loss are predicted to become more severe over the course of the 21st century (IPCC AR5, 2014). These issues present a significant challenge both to the scientific community in terms of prediction, quantification and monitoring, and to wider society in terms of adaptation and mitigation.Responding to these challenges is likely to require communication and collaboration on a scale not previously seen in science. The rapidly developing field of citizen science and the growing global network of participatory citizen scientists are likely to be crucial to this response, and may represent a novel model for inclusive international collaboration.The 3rd Citizen Cyberscience Summit (Feb 20th – 22nd, 2014) held in London, UK, brought together a diverse international community of scientists, software developers, industry, policy makers and citizen scientists, to share advances in this field.My own experience lies in molecular ecology and conservation, with citizen science participation as both a hobby and something increasingly incorporated into my research. As a young scientist fascinated and inspired by this emerging field, I hope this gives me the unique perspective bridging both volunteers and academics to evaluate where we are now, and the direction that we might aspire towards as we broaden the horizons of citizen science.The following points are summarized from a year of volunteer participation in citizen science and fruitful observations and discussions at the Citizen Cyberscience Summit 2014 (CCS14).
SOCIENTIZE participatory experiments, dissemination and networking activities in perspective
Authors: Silva Cândida
Published: December 2014

Citizen science includes a wide range of activities in which citizens are involved in research projects, either by collecting or analyzing massive data sets, or by developing small-scale activities, such as grassroots groups taking part in local policy debates. In parallel, the concept of digital society is emerging and triggering a social and information revolution. Here, large scientific infrastructures and high performance communication technologies have resulted in e-science and allow addressing problems that were unsolvable until a few decades ago. Similarly, the millions of people around the world that are permanently interconnected can be considered as a citizen-based infrastructure (c-infrastructure) which can be used for distributed computing, collective talent or ubiquitous data gathering. As a result, we have a complex entity with intelligence and collective knowledge.Funded by the European Commission, SOCIENTIZE is a FP7 project, which aims to set the basis of citizen science in Europe for Horizon2020. For the last two years, SOCIENTIZE has been promoting Citizen Science in order to 1) raise awareness about the importance and impact of citizen science, 2) to foster interaction and coordination between all citizen-science actors, 3) to promote the capabilities of c-infrastructures among researchers and citizens for an enhanced science, 4) to coordinate and promote citizen science projects and finally (5) to collect and share the best practices and recommendations for the implementation of citizen science projects in Europe. To achieve these goals, SOCIENTIZE has developed and implemented several activities that are described in this paper.
Swedish LifeWatch ─ a biodiversity infrastructure integrating and reusing data from citizen science, monitoring and research
Authors: Gärdenfors Ulf , Jönsson Mari , Obst Matthias , Wremp Anna Maria , Kindvall Oskar , Nilsson Johan
Published: December 2014

With high pressure on biodiversity and ever-growing conflicts with human development, qualified systems for scenario modelling, impact assessment, decision support, etc are urgently needed. Such systems must be able to integrate complex models and information from many sources, and to do so in a flexible and transparent way. To that end, as well as for other complicated and data-intensive biodiversity research purposes, the concept of LifeWatch has emerged. The idea of LifeWatch is to construct an e-infrastructure and virtual laboratories through integrating large data sources, computational capacities, and tools for analysis and modelling in an open, service-oriented architecture. To be efficient and accurate, a continuous inflow of large quantities of data is essential. However, even with new techniques, government-funded monitoring data and research data will not feed the system with up-to-date species information of sufficient scale and resolution. This is an area where skilled amateur observers (citizen scientists) can contribute to a very valuable extent.After a preparatory phase, Swedish LifeWatch (SLW) was initiated in 2011. Swedish LifeWatch has an infrastructure where all components are accessible through open web services. At the SLW Analysis portal, different formats of species and environmental data can be accessed instantly, and integrated, analysed, visualized and downloaded at selected temporal or spatial scales. Swedish LifeWatch currently provides 40 million species observations from nine different databases, all harmonized according to standardized formats and the taxonomic backbone Dyntaxa. Some 35 million of these observations were provided by citizens through the online reporting system named the Species Observation System (SOS) or Artportalen. This paper describes this system, as well as the incentives that make it so successful. The citizen science data in the SOS are accessible, together with data from research and monitoring, in the SLW infrastructure, making the latter a powerful instrument for large-scale data extraction, visualization and analysis.
Using a Citizen Science Approach in Higher Education: a Case Study reporting Roadkills in Austria
Authors: Heigl Florian , Zaller Johann G.
Published: December 2014

Many European universities are faced with the trend towards increasing student numbers along with steady numbers of lecturers and professors. Especially courses in natural sciences live from their applied character, therefore the challenge for educators is to teach and transfer knowledge at weak lecturer to student ratios. As a way to cope with this situation, we created a project using a citizen science approach in an obligatory Bachelor course named Biology of Terrestrial Animals. The project called BOKUroadkill was conducted over three months and engaged students in reporting roadkilled animals during their daily routine. With a mobile app (EpiCollect) running on their private devices and a custom-programmed online reporting form over 100 students reported 1236 animals killed on roads. After data collection and analysis, students provided feedback on the project. Based on the students' feedback, we developed a new online platform where all citizens can participate (www.citizen-science.at). Based on our experience with BOKUroadkill we conclude that a citizen science approach in higher education is very suitable for (i) addressing important elements of motivation for learners and (ii) familiarizing students with scientific research.
Centrifuge study on the cyclic performance of caissons in sand
Authors: Cox James A. , O'Loughlin Conleth D. , Cassidy Mark , Bhattacharya Subhamoy , Gaudin Christophe , Bienen Britta
Published: December 2014

Suction caissons are currently considered as an alternative to monopile foundations for met masts and offshore wind turbines. This paper presents the results of a series of centrifuge tests conducted on cyclically loaded suction caissons in very dense dry sand. Two representative caisson foundations were modelled at a 1∶200 scale in a geotechnical centrifuge and were subjected to a number of different cyclic loading regimes, for up to 12 000 cycles, both of which add to previous data sets available in the literature. During each test, changes in stiffness, the accumulation of rotation and settlement of the system were measured. It was found that the rotational caisson stiffness increased logarithmically with the number of loading cycles, but to a much lower extent than previously reported for monopiles. Similarly the accumulation of rotation was also observed to increase with number of cycles and was well described using a power relationship. An aggregation of rotation was also observed during two-way tests and is believed to be caused by the initial loading cycles that create a differential stiffness within the local soil. Predictions were then made as to the behaviour of a prototype structure based upon the observed test results and established influence parameters.
Pindaro, Le Olimpiche. Introduzione, testo critico e traduzione di Bruno Gentili. Commento a cura di Carmine Catenacci, Pietro Giannini e Liana Lomiento. Milano: Fondazione Lorenzo Valla; Mondadori 2013. LVI, 663 S. (Scrittori greci e latini.)
Authors: Neumann-Hartmann Arlette
Published: December 2014

Pindaro, Le Olimpiche. Introduzione, testo critico e traduzione di Bruno Gentili. Commento a cura di Carmine Catenacci, Pietro Giannini e Liana Lomiento. Milano: Fondazione Lorenzo Valla; Mondadori 2013. LVI, 663 S. (Scrittori greci e latini.).
Pierre Aubenque: Problèmes aristotéliciens. I. Philosophie théorique. Paris: Vrin 2009. 418 S. (Bibliothèque d’Histoire de la Philosophie.) 26 €.
Authors: Rese Friederike
Published: December 2014

Pierre Aubenque: Problèmes aristotéliciens. I. Philosophie théorique. Paris: Vrin 2009. 418 S. (Bibliothèque d’Histoire de la Philosophie.) 26 €.
Maria Vamvouri Ruffy: Les Vertus thérapeutiques du banquet. Médecine et idéologie dans les Propos de Table de Plutarque. Paris: Les Belles Lettres 2012. 299 S. (Collection d’études anciennes. 146. Série grecque) 45 €.
Authors: Meeusen Michiel
Published: December 2014

Maria Vamvouri Ruffy: Les Vertus thérapeutiques du banquet. Médecine et idéologie dans les Propos de Table de Plutarque. Paris: Les Belles Lettres 2012. 299 S. (Collection d’études anciennes. 146. Série grecque) 45 €.
Anaxagoras of Clazomenae. Fragments and Testimonia. A text and translation with notes and essays by Patricia Curd. Toronto/Buffalo/London: Toronto UP 2007. XIV, 279 S. 42 £.
Authors: Rechenauer Georg
Published: December 2014

Anaxagoras of Clazomenae. Fragments and Testimonia. A text and translation with notes and essays by Patricia Curd. Toronto/Buffalo/London: Toronto UP 2007. XIV, 279 S. 42 £.
1. Alan Bowman, Andrew Wilson (Edd.): Settlement, Urbanization and Population. Oxford: Oxford UP 2011. XX, 362 S. zahlr. Abb. (Oxford Studies on the Roman Eco-nomy.) 70 £. 2. Alan Bowman, Andrew Wilson (Edd.): The Roman Agricultural Economy: Organization, Investment, and Production. Oxford: Oxford UP 2013. (Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy.).
Authors: Reden Sitta von
Published: December 2014

1. Alan Bowman, Andrew Wilson (Edd.): Settlement, Urbanization and Population. Oxford: Oxford UP 2011. XX, 362 S. zahlr. Abb. (Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy.) 70 £. 2. Alan Bowman, Andrew Wilson (Edd.): The Roman Agricultural Economy: Organization, Investment, and Production. Oxford: Oxford UP 2013. (Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy.).
Illustrated Atrocity: The Stigmatisation of Non-Muslims through Images in the Ottoman Empire during the Balkan Wars
Authors: Çetinkaya Y. Doğan
Published: December 2014

Illustrated Atrocity: The Stigmatisation of Non-Muslims through Images in the Ottoman Empire during the Balkan Wars

This article shows that native non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire were seen as «internal» enemies in the course of the Second Constitutional Period after the Young Turk revolution in 1908. It is argued that the Balkan Wars were a watershed in the creation of native non-Muslims as «others». The influx of Muslims from the Balkans and Crete populated the Ottoman Empire with people who were full of resentment against the Ottoman Empire's native Christians, whose co-religionists had expelled them from their homeland. Their accounts of immigration and sufferings deeply influenced Muslim public opinion. This is demonstrated by referring to the spreading of sentiments of Muslims through various print media such as periodicals, pamphlets, leaflets, flyers and, above all, illustrations showing how Muslims suffered in the hands of Greeks and Bulgarians in the lost lands.
Economic Nationalism, Confiscation, and Genocide: A Comparison of the Ottoman and Russian Empires during World War I
Authors: Üngör Uğur Ümit , Lohr Eric
Published: December 2014

Economic Nationalism, Confiscation, and Genocide: A Comparisation of the Ottoman and Russian Empires during World War I

This article analyses the development of the Ottoman and Russian governments’ economic persecution of the Armenians and Jews during World War I. It will chart how this policy moved from boycott to discrimination, into confiscation and outright plunder, resulting in economic ruination for the victims. It identifies the main currents and developments of this ruthless policy and how it affected Armenian and Jewish communities. So far there exists no comparative treatment of the expropriation of Ottoman Armenians and Russian Jews during World War I. This article aims to fill that gap by looking at the confiscation process through a combination of approaches, focussing on the development of the legal process, explaining the ideology of economic nationalism, and concretely demonstrating the policy on the ground.
School Partnerships: Technology Rich Classrooms and the Student Teaching Experience
Authors: VanSlyke-Briggs Kjersti , Hogan Molly , Waffle Julene , Samplaski Jessica
Published: December 2014

Building upon an established relationship between a college and a local school district, this project formally designated a Partnership School, at which education students conduct field experience. In addition to providing these participating pre-service teachers (students) with a clinically rich experience through closer supervision by and interaction with their faculty supervisor, the project enriched the experience of high school English students by providing appropriate technology in the classroom and integrating it with instruction. The project gave student teachers and educators the ability to collaborate upon and refine lesson planning and delivery, efficiently and effectively meeting the needs required of pre-service student teaching experiences. The study examined three aspects of the project as perceived by the participants: the effectiveness and benefit of using distance observation, the effectiveness and benefit of established technology for completing an edTPA, and the effectiveness and benefit of additional technology for use by the host teachers' classroom in cloud-based applications.
Short Form of Spanish Version of the WISC–IV for Intelligence Assessment in Elementary School Children
Authors: Dasi Carmen , Soler Maria J. , Bellver Vicente , Ruiz Juan C.
Published: December 2014

In educational settings, quick assessments of intelligence are often required to screen children with potential special needs. The WISC–IV is administered individually and takes between one and two hours to complete. Given its widespread use in Spain, a short-form of the Spanish version is likely to be of use to professionals. The goal of this research was to develop a short form of the WISC–IV that can be performed in approximately half an hour. Data obtained in 100 elementary school children were analyzed following the criteria of Resnick and Entin (1971). The results showed that the most accurate estimation of intelligence was achieved with a combination of the Vocabulary, Block Design, Letter-Number Sequencing, and Coding subtests.
A Study of Intelligence in Oman
Authors: Bakhiet Salaheldin Farah Attallah , Lynn Richard
Published: December 2014

There have been two studies of the Coloured Progressive Matrices and the Standard Progressive Matrices in Oman, giving British IQs of 87 and 81, respectively. The present paper reports results for the Advanced Progressive Matrices to ascertain how far these are consistent with the previous studies. The Advanced Progressive Matrices was standardized in Oman in 2009–10 on a sample of 2,467 Grade 11 and 12 students ( M age = 17.13 yr., SD = 1.01, range = 16–18). The sample obtained a mean score of 12.2, equivalent to a British IQ of 88, consistent with the results of the two previous studies.
La philosophie et les transformations de l’identité francophone au Québec. Fernand Dumont et les possibilités du nationalisme
Authors: Melançon Jérôme
Published: December 2014

Résumé

Cet article reprend le développement de la philosophie francophone au Canada en relation à une double crise identitaire (sociale et philosophique). Il adopte la figure de Fernand Dumont comme exemple d’un penseur ayant posé un diagnostic et proposé une réponse. Les philosophies thomistes de Hertel ou De Koninck recherchèrent respectivement un nationalisme culturel ou religieux. Les philosophes de la génération suivante, comme Dumont, critiquèrent ces deux positions pour développer une conception culturelle de l’identité collective, tout en appelant un nationalisme politique qui sera le fait des élites politiques de leur génération et des philosophes de la génération suivante. En contournant le thomisme et en se donnant la tâche de définir une identité québécoise, Dumont et ses contemporains permirent à la philosophie, par le biais de nouvelles traditions, de reprendre sa place au cœur des débats sociaux.
The End of National Sociological Traditions? The Fates of Sociology in English Canada and French Quebec in a Globalized Field of Science
Authors: Warren Jean-Philippe
Published: December 2014

Many have denounced the heralded coming of age of a universal sociology as corresponding largely to the hegemony of one scholarly tradition: that of Western Europe and the United States. Canada has been an important scene upon which this debate has unfolded. In this country, the lament that the internationalization of sociology has been, unwittingly, another name for its Americanization has a long history. The mounting challenge posed by globalization and the progressive evolution of social sciences toward a more unified and normalized (in the Kuhnian sense) scientific field have recently fuelled worries and alarms. Is Canadian sociology developing in relative isolation or, to the contrary, is it increasingly engaging on the international academic scene? Based on two sets of quantitative data, concerned respectively with doctoral education and citation practices, this article revisits the question of the internationalization of Canadian sociology by looking at three sectors which are usually identified as essential to the indigenization of disciplines: doctoral training of the professoriat (who conducts the research), objects of study (on what topics are scholars working), and theoretical approaches (how do scholars proceed in their research). By returning to the three basic questions of who, what, and how from a quantitative perspective, this article provides a general understanding of the internationalizing trends that are affecting the discipline.
Please Pass the Crumpets … er, Croissants: Teaching Québec in Victoria, British Columbia
Authors: Vautier Marie
Published: December 2014

In Sanctioned Ignorance (2013), based on his doctoral thesis in comparative literature (University of Alberta), Paul William Martin provides an overview of “the teaching of the literatures of Canada.” Framed by Pierre Bourdieu’s theories of “the market of symbolic goods” and based on fieldwork which consists of in-depth interviews with professors in French and English university departments and an examination of university calendars, his work offers a fascinating “snapshot” of the teaching of our literatures. Over several pages, Martin investigates and comments upon the unique program that I run at the University of Victoria: the undergraduate degree in comparative Canadian literature, jointly offered by the departments of English and French. This highly specialized undergraduate degree concentrates on classic literary texts from English-speaking Canada and French-speaking Québec (with subfields in Québec cinema and Québec history and various courses on culture and literature: Cartier and Champlain; graphic novels; Métis, migrant, and Amerindian writing; fine art; and so on). In this article, I propose the advantages of such a program to the future of the study of Québec in Canada, examine the challenges I have faced in maintaining this program over the past twenty-five years, and reflect on the teaching of the literature and culture of Québec in an anglophone university in the city that is identified as being “more British than the British”: Victoria, British Columbia.
The Teaching of Quebec in Canadian Studies: Crisis or Opportunity?
Authors: Lacombe Michèle
Published: December 2014

Paradigms and frameworks for “doing” Canadian studies inherited from 1970s and 1980s Canada continue to resonate, but they also reveal serious limitations. Competing cultural and political frameworks for talking about regionalism, nationalism, diversity, language, North America, and globalization remind us of differences in Canadian and québécois foundational discourses. Indigenous studies significantly call into question the idea of Canada as a bilingual and multicultural nation, addressing the persistence of neo-colonialism. In this article, I use personal reflection on teaching a Quebec course in a Canadian Studies university department, one that uses Canadian and Quebec literatures to revisit these dilemmas. I conclude with a few thoughts, also based on personal experience, about the challenges and opportunities posed by shifting intellectual and fiscal points of reference both at home and abroad.
The Reasonable Accommodations Crisis in Quebec: Racializing Rhetorical Devices in Media and Social Discourse
Authors: Potvin Maryse
Published: December 2014

This article summarizes the major findings from a research report written for the Bouchard-Taylor Commission on how the media handle reasonable accommodations and opinions on this issue. The focus is on two types of social discourse: event-based handling by the media and the opinions expressed by editorialists, columnists, intellectuals, and readers in Quebec’s print media. The analysis revealed devices used in the media and incidents of media exaggeration, as well as populist and racializing rhetorical devices in many journalists’ and readers’ opinions. This social discourse on the reasonable accommodations crisis shed light on ethnic relations, on how various groups in Quebec perceive one another, and on the sensitivity associated with francophones’ recent ascension to majority status.
Imaginative Decoration: Peregrine Acland as Author, Adman, and Advisor
Authors: Kenny Colum
Published: December 2014

This article traces the fate of Peregrine Acland (1891–1963), who wrote a critically acclaimed novel based partly on his personal experiences as a Canadian hero of the First World War. He was inspired by George Bernard Shaw, whom he sought out while on military service in England. Documents recently discovered in the advertising archives of Duke University and entries in the diaries of Canada’s longest-serving prime minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King, reveal that Acland was later torn between his job as a successful advertising copywriter and his literary ambitions. The article finds that Acland’s work for J. Walter Thomson and other advertising agencies, as well as for King, displaced energies that he might otherwise have employed to build on the literary success he achieved in 1929 with his novel All Else Is Folly, for which Ford Madox Ford wrote an enthusiastic preface. Acland was more complex and interesting than cursory accounts of his life suggest.
“To Create Krieghoff”: The Cultural Politics of Canonization
Authors: Nurse Andrew
Published: December 2014

The increased importance of Cornelius Krieghoff’s art in interwar Canada illustrates the diverse processes and effects of canonization. This article demonstrates how the changing institutional dynamics of Canadian art served to rewrite Canadian art history in the interwar period and also describes the effects of this rewriting. The reconstruction of a Canadian art historical canon in the case of Krieghoff is important not simply because it changed the way Canadians thought about art but also for how it affected art markets, systems of cultural authority, and conceptions of Canada’s cultural past. This article uses the interwar Krieghoff revival to illustrate these processes.
Archipelagic Analogues? Indonesian Baselines, Canadian Arctic Sovereignty, and the Framing of Mental Maps, 1957–62
Authors: Lackenbauer P. Whitney , Kikkert Peter
Published: December 2014

In 1957, Indonesia shocked the maritime powers of the world when it drew straight baselines enclosing the archipelagic state. Canadian legal experts studied the case thoroughly, debated the prospects of its success, and anticipated the types of precedents it might set—particularly for the Canadian Arctic. Although Indonesia proved an imperfect archipelagic analogue, its actions encouraged officials to contemplate the extent of Canada’s Arctic domain. Balancing national interests, alliance politics, and competing interpretations of international law, Canadian decision makers devised a prudent, pragmatic approach that allowed others to push the boundaries of maritime law and establish a foundation so that Canada could secure sovereignty over its Arctic waters.