bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mombesara pada Penyambutan Tamu Suku Tolaki
Authors: Ramlin Ramlin , Nuryadin Nuryadin
Published: November 2021

Mombesara merupakan salah satu tradisi lisan yang diturunkan dari generasi ke generasi yang harus dilestarikan. Kegiatan adat dan budaya ini biasa disebut pesta budaya yang merupakan miniatur dalam mencerminkan kehidupan sosial dan nilai-nilai tradisional yang luhur, sebagai gambaran tradisi dan budaya lokal. Bahasa yang digunakan di mombesara adalah: a) harus menggunakan bahasa daerah asli Tolaki. b) bentuk tuturan adat harus disesuaikan dengan konteks pelaksanaan adat. Terjadinya proses Mombesara penyambutan tamu karena adanya dialog antara Pabitara dan Tina Mbutobu kepada tamu yang baru hadir sebagai bentuk penghormatan dan penyambutan adat. Bahasa yang digunakan dengan santun di mombesara mengandung makna dan nilai yang perlu diketahui. Untuk mengetahui makna dan nilai yang terkandung dalam mombesara yang dituturkan oleh Pabitara dan Tina Mbutobu, diperlukan pengetahuan kebahasaan untuk menganalisis bahasa tersebut. . Strategi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mencari data, ide dan konsep, serta memfokuskan pada keabsahan data sesuai dengan kenyataan di lapangan. Untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang mendalam tentang data tentang masalah dan topik yang dipelajari, yang terkait dengan penyambutan tamu.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Dengan Media Kartu Huruf Pada Siswa Kelas 1 SD N 166/IX Tanjung Lanjut Kecamatan Sekernan Kabupaten Muaro Jambi
Authors: Subli Subli
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan dengan media kartu huruf di kelas 1 SDN 166/IX Tanjung Lanjut Kecamatan Sekernan Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang diperkuat dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan mengambil latar SDN 166/IX Tanjung Lanjut Kecamatan Sekernan Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 1 di SDN 166/IX Tanjung Lanjut Kecamatan Sekernan Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, sedangkan objek penelitian ini adalah peningkatan keterampilan membaca permulaan dengan media kartu huruf pada tema Benda Hidup Dan Benda Tak Hidup di Sekitarku. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam tiga siklus dan melalui empat tahapan yang mencakup: (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan, (3)observasi, (4) refleksi. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, tes membaca, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjuk bahwa media kartu huruf dapat meningkatkan keterampilan membaca permulaan siswa. Peningkatan aktifitas belajar siswa dapat di ukur dari evaluasi I, II, dan III dengan nilai aktifitas belajar siswa pada siklus I sebesar 68,04%, siklus II sebesar 73,04%, dan siklus III sebesar 75,86%.
Цифрові системи автоматичного керування в мехатронних системах
Authors: Морнева М.О. , Голубєва С.М. , Торопов А.С.
Published: November 2021

У статті розглянуто питання щодо цифрових систем автоматичного керування, які відносяться до класу лінійних імпульсних систем, але мають свої особливості. Також знайдені різницеві рівняння і Z-перетворення передавальної функції двома способами: класичним і за допомогою білінійних перетворень. Побудовані перехідні і частотні характеристики системи автоматичного керування (САК). За допомогою математичного моделювання підтверджено, що при порівнянні характеристик безперервного і дискретного фільтрів з ростом частоти відмінність в характеристиках зростає.
Mathematical model of an asynchronous machine in real coordinates of state
Authors: Руднєв Є.С. , Шевченко І.С. , Романченко Ю.А.
Published: November 2021

A mathematical description of an asynchronous machine with unreduced parameters in the space of real phase coordinates is given. When studying an asynchronous motor in a dual power supply system with controlled converters in rotor and stator circuits, there is a need for an AM model without parameters, in which the processes in the stator and rotor circuits will correspond to reality in magnitude. In addition, such a model is necessary when analyzing the energy parameters of the whole electric drive controlled by the rotor. To observe real processes in the stator and rotor, the model should be designed in separate spatial coordinate systems. In reference books for AM with a wound rotor (WR), as a rule, the real parameters (resistances, currents and voltages) of the stator and rotor and the voltage reduction coefficient ( ke ) are given. Bringing currents and resistances (inductances) is carried out by coefficients ki=ke and kr=ke2 respectively. Let's consider the description of the machine without reduction of parameters. For the convenience of further consideration, let's introduce the general value of the mutual inductance.

We obtain an equation for the electromagnetic moment in real coordinates. Let's design a model in the MATLAB dynamic modeling environment using vector-matrix representation. Matrix algebraic operations with vector variables are implemented by Matlab Fn blocks, which are the calls to userdefined functions described in the form of M-files. The content of Matlab Fn functions is considered. On the model, the processes of starting of an AM with a phase rotor of AK-52-6 type were. Shows the graphs of start-up transients. The processes in the obtained model coincided with the results of modeling of this engine in the model with the coordinates reduced to the rotor. Thus, the energy processes described by this model correspond to the processes to the model with the given parameters, and the processes of currents and flux linkages changing of the stator and rotor are real.

The model designed in the MATLAB/Simulink dynamic modeling environment can be used to study double-powered asynchronous electric drives.
Втрати тиску під час течії електропровідної рідини місцевими опорами трубопроводу
Authors: Чернецька-Білецька Н.Б. , Роговий А.С. , Мірошникова М.В.
Published: November 2021

На основі чисельного моделювання течії електропровідної рідини в трубопроводі з місцевими опорами визначено залежності коефіцієнтів втрат тиску під час течії в раптовому розширенні та раптовому звуженні. Розрахунок здійснено на основі вирішення рівнянь Нав’є-Стоксу осереднених за Рейнольдсом із SST (ShearStressTransport) моделлю турбулентності. Верифікацію програмного продукту проведено шляхом порівняння результатів експериментів з результатами чисельного моделювання.Дія магнітного поля приводить до зниження середньої та максимальної швидкостей, до збільшення швидкості в прикордонному шарі для течії електропровідної рідини в раптовому розширенні. На відміну від раптового звуження, в раптовому розширенні можна спостерігати відмінність картин течії за дії поперечного магнітного поля. Як для раптового звуження, та і для раптового розширення залежності відносних втрат повного тиску від числа Гартмана мають квадратичну залежність.
Oliko ammattikorkeakoulujen perustaminen yhteiskunnallinen kokeilu?
Authors: Lampinen Osmo
Published: November 2021

Ammattikorkeakoulu-uudistus markkinoitiin kokeiluna. Kokeilulaki säädettiin vuonna 1991 ja ensimmäiset kokeilut pääsivät alkamaan syksyllä 1992. Alkuperäisenä ajatuksena oli jatkaa kokeilua vuosituhannen loppuun saakka, minkä jälkeen olisi tehty päätökset vakinaiseen ammattikorkeakoulujärjestelmään siirtymisestä. Paine pysyvään ammattikorkeakoulujärjestelmään siirtymiseksi kasvoi kuitenkin nopeasti ja ensimmäiset ammattikorkeakoulut vakinaistettiin jo vuonna 1996. Seuraavassa on tarkoitus kysyä, missä määrin uudistusta voi pitää aitona yhteiskunnallisena kokeiluna.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM PENGELOLAAN DATA PENERIMA DANA ZAKAT, INFAQ DAN SEDEKAH MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK LARAVEL
Authors: Al Zikri Syahidan Mushab
Published: November 2021

This research was conducted on the basis of the need for a data management system of zakat, infaq and alms recipients that can be used to manage the utilization data (PDG) on IZI Lampung. In the construction of this system using the waterfall model method, as well as system analysts who run using PIECES analysis. Data collection by way of interviews and observations on IZI Lampung. PIECES analysis is used to make comparisons between the old system and the new system to be created as well as determine the analysis of functional needs, and non-functional needs. This data management system is designed with UML (Unified Modeling Language) system development tools consisting of use case diagrams, activity diagrams, sequence diagrams and class diagrams. In creating this system using mySQL database and text editor sublime text 3 by using laravel framework and PHP programming language. In this system there is a data input system, data search, data editing, data updates and report collection that makes it easier for users to find data, change data and update the desired data
SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSA PENYAKIT DAN HAMA PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG MENGGUNAKAN METODE NAIVE BAYES
Authors: Suherman Bayu Bastiyan
Published: November 2021

Corn is one of the leading agricultural commodities that can be used as a staple plant other than rice. Constraints faced by corn farmers include the lack of information about diseases that attack the corn plants, which causes less productivity. In this study a system was developed that can automatically detect disease that attacks corn plants so that preventive measures can be taken to prevent corn plants from dying. Expert systems are designed to solve certain problems by imitating the work of experts. In addition, this expert system also helps farmers who are experiencing problems regarding diseases and pests and their solutions without relying on an expert. The method used is the Naive Bayes method, Naive Bayes is a method used to predict probabilities and has several characteristics that are istitively in accordance with the way of thinking of an expert and accompanied by a strong mathematical basis. From the tests carried out with diagnoses obtained from the comparison between the results of expert diagnoses and the diagnosis of the system to diagnose diseases and pests in corn plants is 90%.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PERANGKAT AJAR SILABUS DAN RPP SMK PGRI 1 LIMAU
Authors: Aguss Rachmi Marsheilla , Amelia Dina , Abidin Zaenal , Permata Permata
Published: November 2021

Planning can provide guidelines for the implementation of learning, so that it is right on target and effective. One of the goals of educational planning that is very meaningful made by teachers as educational directors is the Syllabus and Learning Implementation Plans and Plans (RPP). Teachers of SMA/Vocational High School (SMK) PGRI 1 Limau are the right target for community service activities considering that the school has not had sufficient technical training. The purpose of this dedication activity is to train and motivate teachers to be able to develop the perfect syllabus and lesson plans. The lesson plan (RPP) is a more specialized planning tool than the syllabus. This educational implementation plan is designed to guide teachers in teaching so that they are not far from educational goals. Recognizing the importance of planning this lesson, teachers should not teach without planning. There is also feedback that shows that the training is suitable with the needs of increasing teacher professionalism and is optimistic that the training can be achieved. Supporting energy for training in the form of space or supporting facilities is sufficient so that the training can run easily, well, on time, and fun. Participants are very supportive of further training. Keywords: Building teacher professionalism with syllabus training, lesson plans, 2013 curriculum.
PELATIHAN SPADA SEBAGAI OPTIMALISASI LMS PADA PEMBELAJARAN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Aldino Ahmad Ari , Hendra Very , Darwis Dedi
Published: November 2021

E-learning merupakan salah satu solusi agar proses pembelajaran selama pandemi Covid-19 tetap berjalan. E-learning dapat memudahkan guru dan siswa dalam melaksanakan proses pembelajaran jarak jauh (PJJ). Permasalahannya adalah tidak semua aplikasi yang digunakan untuk Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh(PJJ) memiliki standarisasi yang sama baik dari segi pengisian materi, penugasan dan penilaian hasil belajar siswa. Oleh karena itu diperlukan Learning Managemen System(LMS) untuk menstandarisasi baik dari segi materi, penugasan dan penilaian hasil belajar siswa, agar proses pembelajaran dapat tercapai sesuai dengan tujuan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut maka Tim Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia berkerja sama dengan pihak Manajemen SMA Negeri 1 Metro Kibang menerapkan Leanring Mangemen Systerm (LMS) pada proses pembelajaran selama pandemi. Penerapan Learning Managemen System (LMS) tersebut di implementasikan dalam bentuk pelatihan SPADA untuk Kepala Sekolah dan semua pihak manajemen SMA NegeriN 1 Metro Kibang. Tujuan dari pelatihan ini adalah agar Kepala Sekolah dapat memonitoring kegiatan pembelajaran dan guru dapat menerapkan Learning Managemen System (LMS)  pada proses pembelajaran selama pandemi. Pelatihan ini di ikuti oleh 28 guru SMA Negeri 1 Metro Kibang. Hasil dalam kegiatan ini yaitu 91.964 %guru SMA N 1 Metro Kibang dapat menerapkan Learning Managemen System(LMS) berupa penggunakan aplikasi SPADA pada proses pembelajaran, nilai tersebut diperoleh dari hasil pemberian angket setelah pelatihan. Selain itu penerapan Learning Managemen System(LMS)  berupa pemafaatan SPADA juga bermanfaat bagi Kepala Sekolah dalam memonitoring kinerja guru pada proses pembelajaran selama masa pandemi covid-19
A Screening Methodology for the Identification of Critical Units in Major-Hazard Facilities Under Seismic Loading
Authors: Corritore Daniele , Paolacci Fabrizio , Caprinozzi Stefano
Published: November 2021

The complexity of process industry and the consequences that Na-Tech events could produce in terms of damage to equipment, release of dangerous substances (flammable, toxic, or explosive), and environmental consequences have prompted the scientific community to focus on the development of efficient methodologies for Quantitative Seismic Risk Analysis (QsRA) of process plants. Several analytical and numerical methods have been proposed and validated through representative case studies. Nevertheless, the complexity of this matter makes their applicability difficult, especially when a rapid identification of the critical components of a plant is required, which may induce hazardous material release and thus severe consequences for the environment and the community. Accordingly, in this paper, a screening methodology is proposed for rapid identification of the most critical components of a major-hazard plant under seismic loading. It is based on a closed-form assessment of the probability of damage for all components, derived by using analytical representations of the seismic hazard curve and the fragility functions of the equipment involved. For this purpose, fragility curves currently available in the literature or derived by using low-fidelity models could be used for simplicity, whereas the parameters of the seismic hazard curve are estimated based on the regional seismicity. The representative damage states (DS) for each equipment typology are selected based on specific damage states/loss of containment (DS/LOC) matrices, which are used to individuate the most probable LOC events. The risk is then assessed based on the potential consequences of a LOC event, using a classical consequence analysis, typically adopted in risk analysis of hazardous plants. For this purpose, specific probability classes will be used. Finally, by associating the Probability Class Index (PI) with Consequence Index (CI), a Global Risk Index (GRI) is derived, which provides the severity of the scenario. This allows us to build a ranking of the most hazardous components of a process plant by using a proper risk matrix. The applicability of the method is shown through a representative case study.
Comprehensive Compositional Analysis of the Slit Lamp Bacteriota
Authors: Fritz Birgit , Paschko Edita , Young Wayne , Böhringer Daniel , Wahl Siegfried , Ziemssen Focke , Egert Markus
Published: November 2021

Slit lamps are routinely used to examine large numbers of patients every day due to high throughput. Previous, cultivation-based results suggested slit lamps to be contaminated with bacteria, mostly coagulase-negative staphylococci, followed by micrococci, bacilli, but also Staphylococcus aureus. Our study aimed at obtaining a much more comprehensive, cultivation-independent view of the slit lamp bacteriota and its hygienic relevance, as regularly touched surfaces usually represent fomites, particularly if used by different persons. We performed extensive 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyse the bacteriota, of 46 slit lamps from two tertiary care centers at two sampling sites, respectively. 82 samples yielded enough sequences for downstream analyses and revealed contamination with bacteria of mostly human skin, mucosa and probably eye origin, predominantly cutibacteria, staphylococci and corynebacteria. The taxonomic assignment of 3369 ASVs (amplicon sequence variants) revealed 19 bacterial phyla and 468 genera across all samples. As antibiotic resistances are of major concern, we screened all samples for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using qPCR, however, no signals above the detection limit were detected. Our study provides first comprehensive insight into the slit lamp microbiota. It underlines that slit lamps carry a highly diverse, skin-like bacterial microbiota and that thorough cleaning and disinfection after use is highly recommendable to prevent eye and skin infections.
Association of Lipoprotein(a)-Associated Mortality and the Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Level in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: A 51,500 Cohort Study
Authors: Huang Zhidong , Yang Yanfang , Lu Jin , Liang Jingjing , He Yibo , Yu Yaren , Huang Haozhang , Li Qiang , Wang Bo , Li Shanggang , Yan Zelin , Xu Danyuan , Liu Yong , Chen Kaihong , Huang Zhigang , Ni Jindong , Liu Jin , Chen Liling , Chen Shiqun
Published: November 2021

Background: High lipoprotein(a) is associated with poor prognosis in patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Renal function based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a potential risk factor for the change of lipoprotein(a). However, the regulatory effect of eGFR stratification on lipoprotein(a)-associated mortality has not been adequately addressed.

Methods: 51,500 patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included from the Cardiorenal ImprovemeNt (CIN) study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04407936). These patients were grouped according to lipoprotein(a) quartiles (Q1–Q4) stratified by eGFR categories (<60 and ≥60 mL/min/1.73m2). Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for mortality across combined eGFR and lipoprotein(a) categories.

Results: The mean age of the study population was 62.3 ± 10.6 years, 31.3% were female (n = 16,112). During a median follow-up of 5.0 years (interquartile range: 3.0–7.6 years), 13.0% (n = 6,695) of patients died. Compared with lipoprotein(a) Q1, lipoprotein(a) Q2–Q4 was associated with 10% increased adjusted risk of death in all patients (HR: 1.10 [95% CI: 1.03–1.17]), and was strongly associated with about 23% increased adjusted risk of death in patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2 (HR: 1.23 [95% CI: 1.08–1.39]), while such association was not significant in patients with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73m2 (HR: 1.05 [95% CI: 0.97–1.13]). P for interaction between lipoprotein(a) (Q1 vs. Q2–Q4) and eGFR (≥60 vs. eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2) on all-cause mortality was 0.019.

Conclusions: Elevated lipoprotein(a) was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality and such an association was modified by the baseline eGFR in CAG patients. More attention should be paid to the patients with reduced eGFR and elevated lipoprotein(a), and the appropriate lipoprotein(a) intervention is required.
Formative Assessment of Social-Emotional Skills Using Rubrics: A Review of Knowns and Unknowns
Authors: Pancorbo Gina , Primi Ricardo , John Oliver P. , Santos Daniel , De Fruyt Filip
Published: November 2021

Educational practitioners have been increasingly interested in the use of formative assessment and rubrics to develop social-emotional skills in children and adolescents. Although social-emotional rubrics are nowadays commonly used, a thorough evaluation of their psychometric properties has not been conducted. In this scoping review, we examine the knowns and unknowns of the use of formative assessment approaches and rubrics in social-emotional learning. We first review initiatives of formative assessment and development of rubrics to assess social-emotional skills. Then, we discuss challenges associated with the development and use of rubrics to evaluate social-emotional skills in youth focusing on 1) assessment of single skills versus assessment of a comprehensive taxonomy of skills; 2) developing rubrics’ performance level descriptions that accurately describe increasing mastery of skills; 3) obtaining adequate internal consistency and discriminant validity evidence; 4) self-reports versus observer reports of skills; and finally 5) how to account for adolescents’ development in the construction of rubrics. This review outlines a research agenda for the psychometric study of rubrics to be used in social-emotional skill assessment.
Applications of the SR4G Transgenic Zebrafish Line for Biomonitoring of Stress-Disrupting Compounds: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Nozari Amin , Do Selena , Trudeau Vance L.
Published: November 2021

Transgenic zebrafish models have been successfully used in biomonitoring and risk assessment studies of environmental pollutants, including xenoestrogens, pesticides, and heavy metals. We employed zebrafish larva (transgenic SR4G line) with a cortisol-inducible green fluorescence protein reporter (eGFP) as a model to detect stress responses upon exposure to compounds with environmental impact, including bisphenol A (BPA), vinclozolin (VIN), and fluoxetine (FLX). Cortisol, fluorescence signal, and mRNA levels of eGFP and 11 targeted genes were measured in a homogenized pool of zebrafish larvae, with six experimental replicates for each endpoint. Eleven targeted genes were selected according to their association with stress-axis and immediate early response class of genes. Hydrocortisone (CORT)and dexamethasone (DEX) were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. All measurements were done in two unstressed and stressed condition using standardized net handling as the stressor. A significant positive linear correlation between cortisol levels and eGFP mRNA levels was observed (r> 0.9). Based on eGFP mRNA levels in unstressed and stressed larvae two predictive models were trained (Random Forest and Logistic Regression). Both these models could correctly predict the blunted stress response upon exposure to BPA, VIN, FLX and the negative control, DEX. The negative predictive value (NPV) of these models were 100%. Similar NPV was observed when the predictive models trained based on the mRNA levels of the eleven assessed genes. Measurement of whole-body fluorescence intensity signal was not significant to detect blunted stress response. Our findings support the use of SR4G transgenic larvae as an in vivo biomonitoring model to screen chemicals for their stress-disrupting potentials. This is important because there is increasing evidence that brief exposures to environmental pollutants modify the stress response and critical coping behaviors for several generations.
Weight Loss Outcomes Among Early High Responders to Exenatide Treatment: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study in Overweight and Obese Women
Authors: Rodgers Megan , Migdal Alexandra L. , Rodríguez Tahereh Ghorbani , Chen Zsu-Zsu , Nath Anjali K. , Gerszten Robert E. , Kasid Natasha , Toschi Elena , Tripaldi Juliet , Heineman Brent , Phan Minh , Ngo Long , Maratos-Flier Eleftheria , Dushay Jody
Published: November 2021

Objective

As there is significant heterogeneity in the weight loss response to pharmacotherapy, one of the most important clinical questions in obesity medicine is how to predict an individual’s response to pharmacotherapy. The present study examines patterns of weight loss among overweight and obese women who demonstrated early robust response to twice daily exenatide treatment compared to those treated with hypocaloric diet and matched placebo injections.

Methods

We randomized 182 women (BMI 25-48 kg/m2) to treatment with exenatide alone or matched placebo injections plus hypocaloric diet. In both treatment groups, women who demonstrated ≥ 5% weight loss at 12 weeks were characterized as high responders and those who lost ≥10% of body weight were classified as super responders. Our primary outcome was long-term change in body weight among early high responders to either treatment. An exploratory metabolomic analysis was also performed.

Results

We observed individual variability in weight loss with both exenatide and hypocaloric diet plus placebo injections. There was a trend toward a higher percentage of subjects who achieved ≥ 5% weight loss with exenatide compared to diet (56% of those treated with exenatide, 76% of those treated with diet, p = 0.05) but no significant difference in those who achieved ≥ 10% weight loss (23% of individuals treated with exenatide and 36% of those treated with diet, p = 0.55). In both treatment groups, higher weight loss at 3 months of treatment predicted super responder status (diet p=0.0098, exenatide p=0.0080). Both treatment groups also demonstrated similar peak weight loss during the study period. We observed lower cysteine concentrations in the exenatide responder group (0.81 vs 0.48 p < 0.0001) and a trend toward higher levels of serotonin, aminoisobutyric acid, anandamide, and sarcosine in the exenatide super responder group.

Conclusion

In a population of early high responders, longer term weight loss with exenatide treatment is similar to that achieved with a hypocaloric diet.

Clinical Trial Registration

www.clinicaltrialsgov, identifier NCT01590433.
Orexin-A in Patients With Lewy Body Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gan Jinghuan , Chen Zhichao , Han Jiuyan , Ma Lingyun , Liu Shuai , Wang Xiao-Dan , Ji Yong
Published: November 2021

Background

Abnormal orexin-A levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been identified in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, few studies have focused on Lewy body disease (LBD) and often with debatable outcomes. Thus, we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate orexin-A levels in LBD by incorporating data from different studies.

Methods

We gathered studies comparing orexin-A levels in patients with LBD and controls (including healthy controls and other dementia subtypes). In the initial search, 117 relevant articles were identified. After a selection process, seven studies, conducted in Japan, USA, Spain, Switzerland, France, Italy, and Netherlands, were chosen.

Results

In total, 179 patients with LBD and 253 controls were included. Patients with LBD had significantly lower mean orexin-A CSF levels when compared with patients with AD [standard mean difference (SMD): −0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.70 to −0.00, Z = 1.96, P = 0.05], whereas mean orexin-A levels were significantly higher when compared with patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) (SMD: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.23–0.99, Z = 3.12, P = 0.002). Orexin-A CSF levels in LBD patients were approximately equal to levels in healthy elderly individuals, whereas they were significantly decreased in LBD patients with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) (SMD: -0.15, 95% CI: -0.59 to 0.29, Z = 0.67, P = 0.50).

Conclusions

We showed that orexin-A levels in patients with LBD were not very different from those in normal elderly individuals, whereas they were lower than those in AD patients and higher than those in FTLD patients. The influence of hypersomnia on orexin-A levels should be carefully interpreted.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021265900.
The Effect of Physical Activity on Glycemic Variability in Patients With Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhu Xingyun , Zhao Lina , Chen Jing , Lin Chu , Lv Fang , Hu Suiyuan , Cai Xiaoling , Zhang Li , Ji Linong
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The effect of physical activity on glycemic variability remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the overall effect of physical activity treatment on glycemic variability in patients with diabetes.

Methods

PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for clinical trials that conducted in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus with reports of the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE), time in range (TIR), time above range (TAR), or time below range (TBR). Eligible trials were analyzed by fixed-effect model, random effect model, and meta-regression analysis accordingly.

Results

In total, thirteen trials were included. Compared with the control group, physical activity intervention was significantly associated with increased TIR (WMDs, 4.17%; 95% CI, 1.11 to 7.23%, P<0.01), decreased MAGE (WMDs, -0.68 mmol/L; 95% CI, -1.01 to -0.36 mmol/L, P<0.01) and decreased TAR (WMDs, -3.54%; 95% CI, -5.21 to -1.88%, P<0.01) in patients with diabetes, but showed insignificant effects on TBR. Patients with higher baseline BMI levels was associated with a greater decrease in MAGE (β=-0.392, 95% CI: -0.710, -0.074), and patients with lower baseline HbA1c levels was associated with a greater increase in TBR during physical activities (β=-0.903, 95% CI: -1.550, -0.255).

Conclusion

Physical activity was associated with significantly decreased glycemic variability in patients with diabetes. Patients with higher BMI might benefit more from physical activity therapy in terms of a lower MAGE. Hypoglycemia associated with physical activity treatment still warranted caution, especially in patients with intensive glycemic control.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO [CRD42021259807].
Therapeutic Potential of Anti-Interferon α Vaccination on SjS-Related Features in the MRL/lpr Autoimmune Mouse Model
Authors: Killian Martin , Colaone Fabien , Haumont Philippe , Nicco Carole , Cerles Olivier , Chouzenoux Sandrine , Cathébras Pascal , Rochereau Nicolas , Chanut Blandine , Thomas Mireille , Laroche Norbert , Forest Fabien , Grouard-Vogel Géraldine , Batteux Frédéric , Paul Stéphane
Published: November 2021

Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) is a frequent systemic autoimmune disease responsible for a major decrease in patients’ quality of life, potentially leading to life-threatening conditions while facing an unmet therapeutic need. Hence, we assessed the immunogenicity, efficacy, and tolerance of IFN-Kinoid (IFN-K), an anti-IFNα vaccination strategy, in a well-known mouse model of systemic autoimmunity with SjS-like features: MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice. Two cohorts (with ISA51 or SWE01 as adjuvants) of 26 female MRL/lpr were divided in parallel groups, “controls” (not treated, PBS and Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin [KLH] groups) or “IFN-K” and followed up for 122 days. Eight-week-old mice received intra-muscular injections (days 0, 7, 28, 56 and 84) of PBS, KLH or IFN-K, emulsified in the appropriate adjuvant, and blood samples were serially collected. At sacrifice, surviving mice were euthanized and their organs were harvested for histopathological analysis (focus score in salivary/lacrimal glands) and IFN signature evaluation. SjS-like features were monitored. IFN-K induced a disease-modifying polyclonal anti-IFNα antibody response in all treated mice with high IFNα neutralization capacities, type 1 IFN signature’s reduction and disease features’ (ocular and oral sicca syndrome, neuropathy, focus score, glandular production of BAFF) improvement, as reflected by the decrease in Murine Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (MuSSDAI) modelled on EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI). No adverse effects were observed. We herein report on the strong efficacy of an innovative anti-IFNα vaccination strategy in a mouse model of SjS, paving the way for further clinical development (a phase IIb trial has just been completed in systemic lupus erythematosus with promising results).
Safety of EVO ICL Implantation With an Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Device-Free Technique in the Early 24 h After Surgery
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Niu Lingling , Zhao Jing , Miao Huamao , Chen Zhuoyi , Shen Yang , Chen Xun , Ye Yuhao , Wang Xiaoying , Zhou Xingtao
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To compare the safety of the non-ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) technique with that of the minimum OVD technique in EVO Implantable Collamer Lens (EVO-ICL) implantation.

Methods: A total of 180 eyes of 90 consecutive patients were enrolled in the study, of which 100 eyes of 50 patients were treated with non-OVD technique, with a 55% success rate. The remaining 80 eyes of 40 patients were treated with min-OVD technique, so they were classified into the min-OVD group. Preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements were collected and analyzed at 1, 2, 3, and 24 h. Visual acuity, corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), and corneal densitometry 24 h postoperatively were evaluated.

Results: No significant difference was found in visual outcomes (P = 0.54) or ECD (P = 0.78) between the two groups. The operation time was significantly shorter in the non-OVD group (P < 0.0001). The IOP was significantly higher at 1 h (P < 0.0001), 2 h (P < 0.0001) and 3 h (P = 0.0045) postoperatively in the min-OVD group. The non-OVD group had significantly lower IOP than the min-OVD group at 1 h (P = 0.01) and 2 h (P = 0.013) postoperatively. The temporal corneal densitometry in the non-OVD group were significantly lower than those in the minimum group (P = 0.0063) 1 day after surgery.

Conclusion: The non-OVD technique is safe and efficient for ICL implantation. It can be a safer method of ICL implantation in that it completely eliminates ophthalmic viscoelastic devices related complications without causing additional complications in short term.
Characterization of a Novel Mitovirus Infecting Melanconiella theae Isolated From Tea Plants
Authors: Shafik Karim , Umer Muhammad , You Huafeng , Aboushedida Hamdy , Wang Zhenhua , Ni Dejiang , Xu Wenxing
Published: November 2021

A dsRNA segment was identified in the fungus Melanconiella theae isolated from tea plants. The complete dsRNA sequence, determined by random cloning together with RACE protocol, is 2,461 bp in length with an AU-rich content (62.37%) and comprises a single ORF of 2,265-nucleotides encoding an RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp, 754 amino acids in size). The terminus sequences can fold into predicted stable stem-loop structures. A BLASTX and phylogenetic analysis revealed the dsRNA genome shows similarities with the RdRp sequences of mitoviruses, with the highest identity of 48% with those of grapevine-associated mitovirus 20 and Colletotrichum fructicola mitovirus 1. Our results reveal a novel member, tentatively named Melanconiella theae mitovirus 1 (MtMV1), belongs to the family Mitoviridae. MtMV1 is capsidless as examined by transmission electron microscope, efficiently transmitted through conidia as 100 conidium-generated colonies were analyzed, and easily eliminated by hyphal tipping method combined with green-leaf tea powder. MtMV1 has a genomic sequence obviously divergent from those of most members in the family Mitoviridae and some unique characteristics unreported in known members. This is the first report of a mycovirus infecting Melanconiella fungi to date.
Impacts of Micro- and Nanoplastics on Photosynthesis Activities of Photoautotrophs: A Mini-Review
Authors: Li Yunxue , Liu Xianhua , Shinde Shrameeta , Wang Jiao , Zhang Pingping
Published: November 2021

The accumulation of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) has attracted immense global attention due to their adverse effects on the environment. Photosynthesis, an interface between non-living matter and living organisms, is very important for both energy flow and material circulation on our planet. Increasing evidence indicates that MNPs can pose direct or indirect stress effects on photoautotrophs, however, our knowledge about them is still limited. The purposes of this mini-review are (1) to review the latest literature of the impacts of MNPs on photosynthesis activities and summarize diverse impacts of MNPs on photosynthesis activities of different photoautotrophs (green plants, microalgae, and cyanobacteria); (2) to discuss the potential action mechanisms in both aquatic and terrestrial environments; and (3) various factors contributing toward these impacts. Additionally, this review provides key future research directions for both researchers and policymakers to better understand and alleviate the environmental impacts of MNPs on our planet.
Surface-Based Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation Alterations in Patients With Tinnitus Before and After Sound Therapy: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Wei Xuan , Lv Han , Chen Qian , Wang Zhaodi , Zhao Pengfei , Liu Chunli , Gong Shusheng , Yang Zhenghan , Wang Zhenchang
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to investigate abnormal tinnitus activity by evaluating brain surface-based amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) changes detected by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) in patients with idiopathic tinnitus before and after 24 weeks of sound therapy. We hypothesized that sound therapy could gradually return cortical local brain function to a relatively normal range. In this prospective observational study, we recruited thirty-three tinnitus patients who had undergone 24 weeks of sound therapy and 26 matched healthy controls (HCs). For the two groups of subjects, we analyzed the spontaneous neural activity of tinnitus patients by cortical ALFF and detected its correlation with clinical indicators of tinnitus. Patients’ Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) scores were assessed to determine the severity of their tinnitus before and after treatment. Two-way mixed model analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used in the statistical analysis. Student–Newman–Keuls tests were used in the post hoc analysis. Interaction effects between the two groups and between the two scans revealing local neural activity as assessed by ALFF were observed in the bilateral dorsal stream visual cortex (DSVC), bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), bilateral anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex (ACC and MPC), left temporo-parieto-occipital junction (TPOJ), left orbital and polar frontal cortex (OPFC), left paracentral lobular and mid cingulate cortex (PCL and MCC), right insular and frontal opercular cortex (IFOC), and left early visual cortex (EVC). Importantly, local functional activity in the left TPOJ and right PCC in the patient group was significantly lower than that in the HCs at baseline and was increased to relatively normal levels after treatment. The 24-week sound therapy tinnitus group demonstrated significantly higher ALFF in the left TPOJ and right PCC than in the tinnitus baseline group. Also, compared with the HC baseline group and the 24-week HC group, the 24-week sound therapy tinnitus group demonstrated slightly lower or higher ALFF in the left TPOJ and right PCC, and there were no differences between the 24-week sound therapy tinnitus and HC groups. Decreased THI scores and ALFF changes in the abovementioned brain regions were not correlated. Taken together, surface-based RS-fMRI can provide more subtle local functional activity to explain the mechanism of tinnitus treatment, and long-term sound therapy had a normalizing effect on tinnitus patients.
Progress on Gut Health Maintenance and Antibiotic Alternatives in Broiler Chicken Production
Authors: Zhu Qidong , Sun Peng , Zhang Bingkun , Kong LingLian , Xiao Chuanpi , Song Zhigang
Published: November 2021

The perturbation of gut health is a common yet unresolved problem in broiler chicken production. Antibiotics used as growth promoters have remarkably improved the broiler production industry with high feed conversion efficiency and reduced intestinal problems. However, the misuse of antibiotics has also led to the increase in the development of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic residues in the meat. Many countries have enacted laws prohibiting the use of antibiotics in livestock production because of the increasing concerns from the consumers and the public. Consequently, one of the most significant discussions in the poultry industry is currently antibiotic-free livestock production. However, the biggest challenge in animal husbandry globally is the complete removal of antibiotics. The necessity to venture into antibiotic-free production has led researchers to look for alternatives to antibiotics in broiler chicken production. Many strategies can be used to replace the use of antibiotics in broiler farming. In recent years, many studies have been conducted to identify functional feed additives with similar beneficial effects as antibiotic growth promoters. Attention has been focused on prebiotics, probiotics, organic acids, emulsifiers, enzymes, essential oils, tributyrin, and medium-chain fatty acids. In this review, we focused on recent discoveries on gut health maintenance through the use of these functional feed additives as alternatives to antibiotics in the past 10 years to provide novel insights into the design of antibiotic-free feeds.
Gene Co-Expression in Breast Cancer: A Matter of Distance
Authors: González-Espinoza Alfredo , Zamora-Fuentes Jose , Hernández-Lemus Enrique , Espinal-Enríquez Jesús
Published: November 2021

Gene regulatory and signaling phenomena are known to be relevant players underlying the establishment of cellular phenotypes. It is also known that such regulatory programs are disrupted in cancer, leading to the onset and development of malignant phenotypes. Gene co-expression matrices have allowed us to compare and analyze complex phenotypes such as breast cancer (BrCa) and their control counterparts. Global co-expression patterns have revealed, for instance, that the highest gene-gene co-expression interactions often occur between genes from the same chromosome (cis-), meanwhile inter-chromosome (trans-) interactions are scarce and have lower correlation values. Furthermore, strength of cis- correlations have been shown to decay with the chromosome distance of gene couples. Despite this loss of long-distance co-expression has been clearly identified, it has been observed only in a small fraction of the whole co-expression landscape, namely the most significant interactions. For that reason, an approach that takes into account the whole interaction set results appealing. In this work, we developed a hybrid method to analyze whole-chromosome Pearson correlation matrices for the four BrCa subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2+ and Basal), as well as adjacent normal breast tissue derived matrices. We implemented a systematic method for clustering gene couples, by using eigenvalue spectral decomposition and the k–medoids algorithm, allowing us to determine a number of clusters without removing any interaction. With this method we compared, for each chromosome in the five phenotypes: a) Whether or not the gene-gene co-expression decays with the distance in the breast cancer subtypes b) the chromosome location of cis- clusters of gene couples, and c) whether or not the loss of long-distance co-expression is observed in the whole range of interactions. We found that in the correlation matrix for the control phenotype, positive and negative Pearson correlations deviate from a random null model independently of the distance between couples. Conversely, for all BrCa subtypes, in all chromosomes, positive correlations decay with distance, and negative correlations do not differ from the null model. We also found that BrCa clusters are distance-dependent, meanwhile for the control phenotype, chromosome location does not determine the clustering. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a dependence on distance is reported for gene clusters in breast cancer. Since this method uses the whole cis- interaction geneset, combination with other -omics approaches may provide further evidence to understand in a more integrative fashion, the mechanisms that disrupt gene regulation in cancer.
Various Uses of PD1/PD-L1 Inhibitor in Oncology: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Li Zhitao , Sun Guoqiang , Sun Guangshun , Cheng Ye , Wu Liangliang , Wang Qian , Lv Chengyu , Zhou Yichan , Xia Yongxiang , Tang Weiwei
Published: November 2021

The occurrence and development of cancer are closely related to the immune escape of tumor cells and immune tolerance. Unlike previous surgical, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy, tumor immunotherapy is a therapeutic strategy that uses various means to stimulate and enhance the immune function of the body, and ultimately achieves the goal of controlling tumor cells.With the in-depth understanding of tumor immune escape mechanism and tumor microenvironment, and the in-depth study of tumor immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors represented by Programmed Death 1/Programmed cell Death-Ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors are becoming increasingly significant in cancer medication treatment. employ a variety of ways to avoid detection by the immune system, a single strategy is not more effective in overcoming tumor immune evasion and metastasis. Combining different immune agents or other drugs can effectively address situations where immunotherapy is not efficacious, thereby increasing the chances of success and alternative access to alternative immunotherapy. Immune combination therapies for cancer have become a hot topic in cancer treatment today. In this paper, several combination therapeutic modalities of PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors are systematically reviewed. Finally, an analysis and outlook are provided in the context of the recent advances in combination therapy with PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors and the pressing issues in this field.