bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of solvation on the photoisomerisation dynamics of a photon-only rotary molecular motor
Authors: Filatov Michael , Paolino Marco , Kaliakin Danil , Olivucci Massimo , Kraka Elfi , Min Seung Kyu
Published: July 2024

The optimization of the quantum efficiency of single-molecule light-driven rotary motors typically relies on chemical modifications. While, in isolated conditions, computational methods have been frequently used to design more efficient motors, the role played by the solvent environment has not been satisfactorily investigated. In this study, we used multiscale nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations of the working cycle of a 2-stroke photon-only molecular rotary motor. The results, which display dynamics consistent with the available transient spectroscopy measurements, predict a considerable decrease in the isomerisation quantum efficiency in methanol solution with respect to the gas phase. The origin of such a decrease is traced back to the ability of the motor to establish hydrogen bonds with solvent molecules. The analysis suggests that a modified motor with a reduced ability to form hydrogen bonds will display increased quantum efficiency, therefore extending the set of engineering rules available for designing light-driven rotary motors.
Understanding and tuning the electronic structure of pentalenides
Authors: Jenek Niko A. , Helbig Andreas , Boyt Stuart M. , Kaur Mandeep , Sanderson Hugh J. , Reeksting Shaun B. , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele , Helten Holger , Hintermair Ulrich
Published: July 2024

We report the first systematic study of substituent effects on the electronic structure of pentalenides, giving insight into charge distribution, aromaticity and polarisation effects.
Chiral metal–organic frameworks grown in situ for monolithic capillary electrochromatographic enantioseparation
Authors: Zhou Min , Hao Jie , Wu Yanzhi , Lu Xiaolin , Song Jianbo , Ren Luhui , Han Junwei
Published: July 2024

Monolithic capillary electrochromatography based on in situ grown chiral metal–organic frameworks shows excellent enantioseparation performance.
A novel chitosan–PEG hydrogel embedded with in situ silver nanoparticles of Clerodendrum glandulosum Lindl. extract: evaluation of its in vivo diabetic wound healing properties using an image-guided machine learning model
Authors: Majie Ankit , Saha Rajdeep , Sarkar Arnab , Bhowmik Rudranil , Karmakar Sanmoy , Sharma Vishal , Deokar Kaushal , Haque Asad ul , Tripathy Sanjaya Shankar , Sarkar Biswatrish
Published: July 2024

Clerodendrum glandulosum extract reduced silver nanoparticles were prepared by in situ technique within chitosan-PEG hydrogel matrix and characterized for its in vitro and in vivo diabetic wound healing activities.
Hydrogen therapy: recent advances and emerging materials
Authors: Jiang Zheng , Ainiwaer Mailudan , Liu Jun , Ying Binwu , Luo Fengming , Sun Xuping
Published: July 2024

Traditional methods of hydrogen administration are less efficient; novel photocatalytic and sonocatalytic materials with targeted delivery and stimuli-reactive hydrogen release can improve the therapeutic effect.
Dispersion of Au entities over Mo2N and MoC for the low-temperature water–gas shift reaction
Authors: Guo Peiyao , Jin Chuanchuan , Han Shaobo , Zhou Yan , Shen Wenjie
Published: July 2024

Au flat films dispersed into atomic layers during the topological transformation of γ-Mo2N to α-MoC, which promoted substantially the activity for the low-temperature water–gas shift reaction.
Overlooked impact of surface hydroxylation on the solubility of less-soluble compounds: a case study of CeO2
Authors: Plakhova Tatiana V. , Romanchuk Anna Yu. , Konyukhova Anastasia D. , Seregina Irina F. , Baranchikov Alexander E. , Svetogorov Roman D. , Terban Maxwell W. , Ivanov Vladimir K. , Kalmykov Stepan N.
Published: July 2024

CeO2 surface is crucial for dissolution process. Untreated nanoparticles are more soluble than dried ones due to their hydrated state. Dried CeO2 solubility increases as the surface returns to a hydrated state, ensuring long-term stability.
Identification, screening and molecular mechanisms of natural stable angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from foxtail millet protein hydrolysates: a combined in silico and in vitro study
Authors: Zhu Yiqing , Chen Changyu , Dai Zijian , Wang Han , Zhang Yiyun , Zhao Qingyu , Xue Yong , Shen Qun
Published: July 2024

LVPYRP, a novel ACE inhibitory peptide identified from foxtail millet protein hydrolysates, can maintain stability under different food processing conditions, which is conducive to industrial production.
Colloidal TiO2 nanocrystals with engineered defectivity and optical properties
Authors: Chang Julia J. , Yuan Bin , Mignuzzi Sandro , Sapienza Riccardo , Mezzadri Francesco , Cademartiri Ludovico
Published: July 2024

One-step synthesis of TiO2 nanocrystals described in this study allows the density of oxygen vacancies to be controlled by 2 orders of magnitude and yields homogeneously distributed vacancies with stable optical properties in oxidizing environments.
A facile and scalable fabrication method of scrolled graphene/boron nitride-based van der Waals superlattice heterostructure materials for highly stable supercapacitor electrode application
Authors: Park Ok-Kyung , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee
Published: July 2024

The fabricated 1D G/Fe/BN(NS) exhibited an enhanced specific capacitance compared to the G/Fe/BN, with outstanding cycling stability due to the synergistic effects between the enhanced mesopore structure and the heterojunction interfacial area.
Crosslinked siloxane–silsesquioxane elastomer with pyrene functionalization for rapid adsorption of benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) from water and sensing of charged species
Authors: Bureerug Teeraya , Wannasiri Chidchanok , Chanmungkalakul Supphachok , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol , Ervithayasuporn Vuthichai , Bunchuay Thanthapatra
Published: July 2024

A crosslinked siloxane/silsesquioxane elastomer with dual functionality: BTX adsorption and ion sensing.
Recyclable LaF3·Pd nanocatalyst in Suzuki coupling: green synthesis of biaryls from haloarenes and phenylboronic acids
Authors: Panda Smitabala , Patra Sagarika , Acharya Swadhin Swaraj , Phaomei Ganngam , Parida Bibhuti Bhusan
Published: July 2024

A green and sustainable approach has been developed using a recyclable and reusable LaF3·Pd nanocatalyst. This catalyst has been applied in the synthesis of biaryls in good to excellent yields via Suzuki coupling in aqueous medium.
High-yield synthesis of hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets and their utilization in thermally conductive polymeric nanocomposites
Authors: Yuan Feng , Guan Qinhan , Dou Xuehan , Yang Han , Hong Yiming , Xue Yawen , Cao Zhenxing , Li Haiyan , Xu Zexiao , Qin Yuyang
Published: July 2024

Schematic illustration of the hydroxylation and exfoliation of h-BN powders.
A ternary system of meloxicam with matching hydrophilic polymer and cyclodextrin for improved stability in liquid preprations
Authors: Li Si , Kou Longfa , Qin Yimeng , Wang Yimeng , Sun Yinghua , He Zhonggui , Liu Xiaohong
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of ternary systems consisting of meloxicam with cyclodextrins (HP-β-CD or SBE-β-CD) and different polymers (HA, HPMC and PVP) on the stability of meloxicam.
Helicity control of a polyaromatic coordination capsule through stereoselective CH–π interactions
Authors: Kishida Natsuki , Sasafuchi Hayate , Sawada Tomohisa , Yoshizawa Michito
Published: July 2024

The (P)/(M)-helicity control of an M2L4 polyaromatic capsule, formed from metal ions and bispyridine ligands, is accomplished via stereoselective CH–π interactions with permethylated monosaccharides, e.g., in >98 : 2 (P)/(M) ratio upon encapsulation.
C–H functionalization of 2-alkyl tryptamines: direct assembly of azepino[4,5-b]indoles and total synthesis of ngouniensines
Authors: Xie Kejing , Shen Zeyuan , Cheng Peng , Dong Haoxiang , Yu Zhi-Xiang , Zu Liansuo
Published: July 2024

The concise total synthesis of ngouniensines is reported, in which 2-Me-tryptamine undergoes sequential C–H functionalization with different aldehydes to afford the azepino[4,5-b]indole core and an exocyclic conjugated alkene, respectively.
Customized CO2 electroreduction to methane or ethylene by manipulating *H and *CO adsorption on Cu/CeOx catalysts
Authors: Yang Tinghui , Zhang Yingbing , Huang Zichao , Yang Jianping , Kuang Min
Published: July 2024

We engineered Cu/CeOx and Cu/CuCeOx solid solutions, enhancing *H and *CO binding in CO2RR. Cu/CeOx boosts *H coverage via faster water dissociation, while Cu/CuCeOx augments *CO adsorption, selectively reducing CO2 to CH4 or C2H4.
Tri-functional Fe-based electrocatalyst with sturdy three-dimensional frame construction for the ORR, OER and HER
Authors: Liang Haixia , Li Jian , Zhang Jinli , Peng Wencai , Li Jun , Liu Jichang
Published: July 2024

The catalyst Fe3C–Fe/NC-800 with a hollow interconnected honeycomb structure was prepared using a hard template strategy. It showed excellent ORR, OER and HER properties and favourable applications in ZABs and the overall water splitting device.
Operando measurement of electrocatalyst potential on particulate photocatalysts for overall water splitting
Authors: Kawase Yudai , Obata Keisuke , Shioiri Yuu , Higashi Tomohiro , Takanabe Kazuhiro
Published: July 2024

The potential of CoOOH electrocatalysts loaded on Al-doped SrTiO3 particulate photocatalysts is directly measured during unbiased overall water splitting.
Simultaneous negative thermal quenching luminescence of upconversion and downshifting processes in Al2(WO4)3:Yb/Er phosphors with low thermal expansion
Authors: Yan Haokun , Li Renfu , Feng Liuzhen , Yu Yiqi , Gong Guoliang , Huang Haiping , Wen He-Rui , Liao Jinsheng
Published: July 2024

The thermally enhanced luminescence mechanism of Al2(WO4)2:Yb/Er with low thermal expansion is revealed. High sensitivity of optical thermometry is realized via the difference in red/green luminescence temperature response.
Preventive DC‐side decoupling: A system integrity protection scheme to limit the impact of DC faults in offshore multi‐terminal HVDC systems
Authors: Düllmann Patrick , Klein Christopher , Winter Pascal , Köhler Hendrik , Steglich Michael , Teuwsen Jan , Leterme Willem
Published: July 2024

To create synergies between offshore wind integration and operational flexibility, interconnecting HVDC links to multi‐terminal networks is highly desired. However, its technical realisation remains a major challenge: In particular, it is crucial to prevent DC faults from leading to an intolerable loss of power infeed to the connected AC grids. To restrict this loss of power infeed, this paper proposes a concept for linear HVDC networks that is based on state‐of‐the‐art equipment only—that is, without dependence on DC circuit breakers. In this concept, the DC interconnection is preventively decoupled via DC high‐speed switches whenever the cumulative wind infeed exceeds the frequency containment reserve of the AC grid, but remains coupled at all other times. The decoupling is realised via controlling the coupling line current to zero through coordinated setpoint changes for the converters’ (VDC/P)‐droop controls. Both the decoupling sequence and the DC fault behaviour in decoupled state are validated via EMT simulations. In addition, limitations with regard to expandability are discussed. The proposed concept may not only limit the loss of infeed, but mitigates risks as a fall‐back level for more complex offshore (multi‐vendor) multi‐terminal HVDC topologies—and may thus accelerate their development at reasonable costs.
JWST imaging of the closest globular clusters
Authors: Scalco M. , Libralato M. , Gerasimov R. , Bedin L. R. , Vesperini E. , Nardiello D. , Bellini A. , Griggio M. , Apai D. , Salaris M. , Burgasser A. , Anderson J.
Published: July 2024

Thanks to its exceptional near-infrared photometry, JWST can effectively contribute to the discovery, characterisation, and understanding of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters, especially at low masses where the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) faces limitations. This paper continues the efforts of the JWST GO-1979 programme in exploring the faintest members of the globular cluster NGC 6397. In this work, we show that the combination of HST and JWST data allows us to identify two groups of MS stars: MSa, the first-generation group, and MSb, the second-generation group. We measured the ratio between the two groups and combined it with measurements from the literature focused on more central fields and more massive stars compared to our study. Our findings suggest that the MSa and MSb stars are present in a ≈30−70 ratio regardless of the distance from the centre of the cluster and the mass of the stars used so far. However, considering the limited areal coverage of our study, a more comprehensive spatial analysis is necessary to definitively confirm complete spatial mixing.
TGF-β and SMAD2/4 Expression in Nonmetastatic and Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Mardiah Ainul , Susanto Hendra , Lestari Sri Rahayu
Published: July 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and second cancer with the highest mortality rate in the world. The leading cause of death in colorectal cancer patients is cancer that has metastasized, with the most common site of metastasis being the liver. One of the signaling that regulates malignancy of cancer cells is TGF-β/Smad. Through activation of the Smad2/3/4, TGF-β regulates the EMT Transcription factors to activate Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) program. Tumor cells that have undergone EMT have migratory, invasive, and metastatic phenotypes. This study aims to know the differences mRNA expression of TGF-β, Smad2, and Smad4 in metastatic colorectal cancer and non-metastatic groups using real time PCR method. The results showed TGF-β and Smad2 expression in metastatic CRC was higher in the metastatic group than in the non-metastatic group. In contrast, Smad4 expression was found to be higher in the nonmetastatic group. The results suggest that TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway has a role in promoting metastasis and severity in CRC patients.
Characteristics of 3D Printing Products Using PLA/Nanographite Nanocomposite Filaments
Authors: Fadillah Faqih , Suryanto Heru , Suprayitno Suprayitno
Published: July 2024

PLA filament has the characteristics of being biodegradable and environmentally friendly. The mechanical properties of PLA filaments have several drawbacks, so the application of PLA filaments is limited. Efforts to improve the mechanical properties are carried out by adding nanographite as reinforcement material so that it becomes a nanocomposite filament. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding nanographite to PLA filament on the mechanical properties and surface roughness of 3D printed products. The addition of 1.5 wt% nanographite was carried out by dissolving with chloroform and nanocomposite filaments produced from printing with a single extrusion machine. Product printing is done with the parameters print speed of 25 mm/s, print temperature of 205 °C, layer height of 0.2 mm, and infill line directions of 45°. Product characteristics in the form of tensile strength are tested by the tensile tester, filament morphology is observed by SEM, and product surface roughness is observed with a surface roughness tester. Data from the test results were analyzed using the t-test statistical analysis. The results of the study showed that the morphology of the PLA/nanographite nanocomposite filaments showed a rougher surface.
Criteria of metabolic syndrome teenagers at Islamic boarding schools East Java
Authors: Megawati Megawati , Susanto Hendra , Taufiq Ahmad
Published: July 2024

Indonesia has a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) (13.3%) of the total population and has become a significant concern in this region. Importantly, the same daily lifestyle was found in the Islamic boarding school with a huge population of teenagers. This study aimed to identify the basic profile of metabolic syndrome in teenagers at the Islamic Boarding School in East Java Province, Indonesia. The baseline data from 200 senior high school students were addressed to measure the individual’s blood pressure, total cholesterol level, BMI, fasting blood glucose level, HDL level, LDL level, and triglyceride level in the circulation. The results of this study showed that BMI, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure were significantly different in subjects with overweight-obesity symptoms (p<0.01). Moreover, the circulating levels of HDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and fasting blood levels were not significantly different between groups. To sum up, this preliminary non-clinical data found that the potential of metabolic syndrome at Islamic Boarding Schools may become a major concern in preventing the gradual increase of metabolic diseases in younger ages. Hence, this Islamic institution’s nutritional policy and student physical activity program may become the primary target against metabolic syndrome.
Impact of Lead Exposure on Wing Condition in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Fatmawati Diani , Lestari Afivah Wiji , Hindun Iin , Zubaidah Siti , Susanto Hendra , Fauzi Ahmad
Published: July 2024

Lead is a heavy metal that often contaminates the environment and human food. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of lead exposure on changes in the morphology of living things. Drosophila melanogaster was selected as a model organism while wing length and amount of wing damage were selected as objects of observation. By applying the pretest-posttest control group design, the flies were divided into four groups with different exposure conditions: 0, 100, 150 and 200 ppm. Lead exposure was given for two generations on fly culture medium. The analysis of covariance test results show that lead exposure has a significant effect on wing length. Furthermore, flies that were not exposed to lead were not damaged at all, while in the group exposed to lead there were always flies whose wings were not perfect. The Kruskal-Wallis H test showed that lead exposure had significant effect on the amount of wing imperfection. Based on the findings of this study, lead contamination for more than one generation needs to be considered more seriously because it has the potential to have a negative impact on the morphology of living things.
Optimum Concentration of Using Combination of Laurentia longiflora, Carica papaya, and Cymbopogon citratus as a Biocide on Bactrocera carambolae
Authors: Wakhidya Savira Amilda , Rohman Fatchur , Setiowati Frida Kunti
Published: July 2024

Bactrocera carambolae is a pest in agriculture, citrus farming. The purpose of this true- experimental research is as a preliminary test to determine the optimal concentration of using a combination of Laurentia longiflora leaves, Carica papaya leaves, and Cymbopogon citratus as a biocide against Bactrocera carambolae pests. The technique used in the manufacture of this biocide extract is maceration, while testing for pests uses an olfactometer. The concentration of each type of biocide using a ratio (solvent: extract) there are (2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1) were positioned as independent variables, while the avoidance of Bactrocera carambolae was positioned as the dependent variable. The results of the two-way ANOVA test showed that the types of biocides and differences in concentrations of biocides had a significant effect. The best concentration of biocides that can work optimally for use is a concentration of 2:1 to 3:1 with a repulsion percentage of 90%.
Characterization of Prigi South Coast Coral and Its Development as Adsorbent of Nickel Ions
Authors: Wijaya Anugrah Ricky , Syah Alif Alfarisyi , Syavika Lukluatus , Hidayat Arif
Published: July 2024

The abundance of dead coral reefs or coral skeleton around the coast of Prigi Beach has the potential to be abundant and used as an adsorbent to reduce nickel content. Nickel in high concentrations can cause water pollution problems. It is urgently needed for the development of adsorbents at this time. This study aims to determine the characterization of coral adsorbents using XRF, SEM, and FT-IR and to then determine the optimization of the size and contact time of corals in the nickel ion adsorption process. The stages of this research consisted of taking coral samples at Prigi beach, production coral adsorbents using the pyrolysis method, coral activation process, characterization of corals with XRF, FTIR and SEM and application of coral adsorbents for nickel metal ion adsorption. The FT-IR results show the O-H vibration of the carboxylate group at a wave number of 3232.70 cm-1, aliphatic C-H bending vibration at a wave number of 2916.37 cm-1. Strain vibrations at wave number 1788.01 cm-1 are associated with C=O ketones and in the range 1247.94 cm-1 indicate C-O strain vibrations. SEM analysis found that corals had a rough morphology and the presence of micropores. The adsorption efficiency showed that the adsorbent at 200 mesh size was able to absorb the highest nickel ion of 84.52% with a contact time of 168 hours.
Rheological and Antioxidant Properties of Purple Yam Yoghurt Enhanced with Alginate-Chitosan Microcapsule Bacteria
Authors: Gofur Abdul , Arifah Siti Nur , Atho’illah Mochammad Fitri , Mas’udah Shofiyatul , Surya Muhammad Imam , Fauziah Fauziah , Firdiana Elok Rifqi , Ardiansyah Esha , Sa’adah Nur Alfi Maghfirotus , Lelitawati Mardiana
Published: July 2024

Yoghurt is a diary product that contain with probiotics such as Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Bifidobacterium longum. The microencapsulation process in bacteria increased the nutritional value of yoghurt. Fortification of purple yam contains rich anthocyanins could increase the health benefit of yoghurt. The aimed of this study are to determine the rheological and antioxidant properties of purple yam yoghurt. Microencapsulation on B.longum used the extrusion method. Water holding capacity (WHC), syneresis, pH, viscosity, color, and antioxidant were measured to determine the quality of yoghurt. Based on the analysis, the addition of purple yam in yoghurt increased WHC and decreased syneresis. Antioxidants assay showed that anthocyanins in purple yam increased the antioxidant activity. Purple yam yoghurt with microencapsulated bacteria has best quality of yoghurt based on the WHC, syneresis, pH, and antioxidant properties. This result suggested that microencapsulated bacteria and fortification of purple yam could increase the health benefit of yoghurt.
Boidiversity Of Asteraceae Family in Padusan Ecotourism and Natural Laboratory Area
Authors: Fitriyati Umi , Insani N. , Ridhoi Ronald , Hidajat Helga Graciani , A’Rachman F.R. , Baidlowi M. Hisyam , Amrozi M. Yozar , Ardiyanti Rahma Nuria
Published: July 2024

Padusan is one of the villages in Mojokerto which is branded as an ecotourism and a natural laboratory area. This area has an abundant diversity of flora, one of which is Asteraceae family. The research was conducted in July 2023. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of plants from the Asteraceae family for the purpose of bioconservation. Data was collected based on exploration technique sampling on five sites. There are 17 species of Asteraceae plants in Padusan village, 15 genera and 9 tribe, namely: Acmella radicans, Acmella uliginosa, Ageratina riparia, Ageratum conyzoides, Artemisia vulgaris, Bidens alba, Bidens pilosa, Calyptocarpus vialis, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Elephantopus mollis, Erigeron sp., Galinsoga parviflora, Lactuca virosa, Sonchus oleraceus, Syndrella nodiflora, Tithonia diversifolia, Youngia japonica.
Enhancing Face Recognition for Security Systems: An Approach Using Gabor Wavelet, t-SNE, and SVM
Authors: Al-Dabagh Mustafa Zuhaer Nayef , Hussein Hussein Ibrahim , Raheem Salar Ameen , Ahmed Muhammed Imran , Othman Nashwan Adnan
Published: July 2024

Facial recognition is crucial for safety and security, especially for identifying people. This paper applies facial recognition to a database of facial images by analyzing the images and subsequently assigning a set of unique features to each one. The process of extracting features from the input image is accomplished using the gabor wavelet transform. t-SNE (tdistributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding) select and reduce the dimension of features, thus specifying various aspects within the input image. These features are then used in a classification step, where a multiclass Support Vector Machine (SVM) is employed to categorize the face. Three popular databases (Yale, ORL and JAFFE) were the sources of the images used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. The results show the system’s high accuracy in identifying facial images. Specifically, our method achieved a 97.78% accuracy rate on the Yale, 97.50 % in the ORL databases and 100 % in the JAFFE databases, outperforming traditional methods by 2%. These results approved the system’s accuracy in recognizing facial images.
2D to 3D Image Conversion Algorithms
Authors: Mamand Samar Sabah , Abdulla Abdulqadir Ismail
Published: July 2024

With the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI), there are many applications for 3D computer vision, and different problems in diversified domains are being solved. Particularly deep learning and image processing techniques are widely used in computer vision applications, for example, medical imaging which commonly uses 2D images to see human organs can benefit tremendously from 3D reconstruction of a human organ or cancer lesions for diagnosis purposes. Cars nowadays use radar, lidar, and sensors to create an awareness of the surroundings of the car, having a 3D reconstruction of the car’s surroundings will provide a better situational awareness. In many computer vision applications, it is essential to use image conversion techniques. With AI in place, learning-based approaches became popular along with image processing techniques. Towards this end, this paper throws light on those methods with a systematic literature review. The insights presented in this paper can help in further research in computer vision applications.
Java Programming Language: Time Permanence Comparison with Other Languages: A Review
Authors: Abdulkareem Hamaamin Rebin , Mohammed Amin Ali Omar , Wahhab Kareem Shahab
Published: July 2024

Programming languages are necessary tools for teaching computer programming languages, so it is no surprise that deciding which one is the “right tool for the job” can be a contentious issue. To build solid foundations for such debates, we must first consider how different languages’ features relate to one another. Many Java programmers do not think about how to make their programs run faster. Application developers should tune their applications before putting them into production. Application code tuning often results in significant performance gains. The proposed model intended to assist Java programmers in fine-tuning and improving Java -based applications. This article review work in time, the time required to execute some algorithm, i.e., speed of operation, flexibility in modifying some code, and performance, are all factors in the comparison operation. To evaluate the program is better; the same code used to compare the two. in this review, researcher work in terms of the time compare in Java with other language, before compare other language, show performance Java in time and runtime Java, after select some language to compare with Java, like C language, C++ language, C# language and Python, to compare Java performance with other language and illustrate best execution time performance. Comparing Java with other languages reveals that the latest JDK runs faster and executes tasks more swiftly than older versions of Java JDK.
Exploring the Synergy: A Review of Machine Learning Techniques in Software Defined Networking (SDN)
Authors: Muheden Karwan M. , Othman Rawshan N. , Hawezi Roojwan Sc. , Abdalwahid Shadan M.J. , Mustafa Omer S. , Kareem Shahab W.
Published: July 2024

Recent years have seen a drastic increase in the varieties and intricacies of network systems which are made up by rapid improvements that follow mobile connections as well as the internet. These systems are becoming increasingly complicated and more sophisticated solutions must be developed to ensure close cooperation, control, activation, and optimization of network structures. But conventional networks, due to their programmatically distributed functionality are a challenge when incorporating machine learning methods for network management. With the emergence of Software Defined Network (SDN), there is a new dimension for introducing intelligence in networks. Particularly, three core characteristics of SDN – unity management, global network visibility, and dynamic rule update - support seamless integration of machine learning technologies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on machine learning algorithms in SDN frameworks, presenting an extensive survey of this area. The paper systematically describes different machine learning algorithms that have been employed in SDN domains, thereby revealing their implementation opportunities as well as advantages and peculiarities. Furthermore, the review provides an overview of related works and background on SDN-based machine learning approaches for readers to gain a broad understanding of ongoing research in this field. While the topics covered extend beyond algorithmic research, it also challenges integration issues of machine learning into SDN and provides a wider scope. This review aims to be a reliable source of information for researchers, practitioners, and industry experts interested in Software Defined Networks and machine learning applications on network optimization and management.
Embedded Neural Network like PID Water Heating Controller Implementing Cycle by Cycle Power Control Scheme
Authors: Ali Mustafa Q. , Aljebory Karim M. , Tapou Monaf S.
Published: July 2024

This paper experimentally investigates the heating process of a hot water supply using a neural network implementation of a self-tuning PID controller on a microcontroller system. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm employed in system tuning proved very effective, as it is simple and fast optimization algorithm. The PSO method for the PID parameters is executed on the Matlab platform in order to put these parameters in the real-time digital PID controller, which was experimented with in a pilot study on a microcontroller platform. Instead of the traditional phase angle power control (PAPC) method, the Cycle by Cycle Power Control (CBCPC) method is implemented because it yields better power factor and eliminates harmonics in the power supply line. The smoothness of the heating process’s output response, which is a result of both empirical experiments and simulation results, demonstrates the efficacy of the suggested control mechanism, where the output response had a small ripple margin. The system performed according to design expectations and had unimpaired unity power factor throughout its operating range and no ripple was detected during its functioning.
Offene Debatten versus Diskursvulnerabilität: Ein Plädoyer für mehr
Mut in der universitären Streitkultur
Authors: Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja
Published: July 2024

„Mut“, schrieb die amerikanische Schriftstellerin, Bürgerrechtlerin und
Wissenschaftlerin Maya Angelou, „ist die wichtigste aller Tugenden, denn ohne Mut
kann man keine andere Tugend konsequent ausüben“1.
Concomitant Effects of Metformin and Vitamin C on
Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats: Biochemical and Histopathological
Approach
Authors: Khezri Mohammad Rafi , Varzandeh Reza , Ghasemnejad-Berenji Morteza
Published: July 2024

Introduction Gastric ulcer is one of the most common and serious
conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. One of the main causes of gastric
ulcers is using of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which have
limited their use in clinical practice. Several studies have revealed that
metformin and Vitamin C (Vit C) exhibit protective effects against gastric
mucosal damage in different animal models. However, no studies indicate their
combination's effect on gastric ulcer models. Therefore, this study aims to
investigate the protective effects of metformin and Vit C combination on
indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers.

Material and methods In total, thirty rats were divided into six groups,
including the control group, rats received indomethacin (50 mg/kg, i.p.), rats
received indomethacin and pretreated with ranitidine (100 mg/kg), metformin
(100 mg/kg, i.p.), Vit C (100 mg/kg), or metformin combined with Vit C. Four
hours after indomethacin administration, rats were euthanized, and gastric
tissues were removed for macroscopic, histopathologic, and biochemical
examinations.

Results All therapeutics used in this study were found to alleviate
gastric mucosal injury caused by indomethacin, as observed in histopathologic
and macroscopic evaluations. Both Vit C and metformin were observed to
significantly decrease lipid peroxidation and enhance the activity of
anti-oxidative enzymes, SOD, GPx, and catalase. However, a more significant
effectiveness was observed in catalase and GPx activities when Vit C was
co-administered with metformin.

Conclusions In conclusion, the present study revealed that metformin and
Vit C combination therapy could potentially treat gastric ulcers associated with
indomethacin.
Exploring the Anticonvulsant Properties of a Celecoxib-Phospholipid
Conjugate: Synthesis, Activation, and Evaluation of Cytotoxicity
Authors: Anjali Puthusserikkunnu B , Jawahar Natarajan , Praharsh Kumar Mandadhi R , Jubie Selvaraj , Selvamuthukumar Subramanian
Published: July 2024

Background Epilepsy poses a significant global health challenge,
particularly in regions with limited financial resources hindering access to
treatment. Recent research highlights neuroinflammation, particularly involving
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathways, as a promising avenue for epilepsy
management.

Methods This study aimed to develop a Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor with
potential anticonvulsant properties. A promising drug candidate was identified
and chemically linked with phospholipids through docking analyses. The
activation of this prodrug was assessed using phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-mediated
hydrolysis studies. The conjugateʼs confirmation and cytotoxicity were evaluated
using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential Scanning
Calorimetry (DSC), and Sulphoramide B (SRB) assays.

Results Docking studies revealed that the Celecoxib-Phospholipid conjugate
exhibited a superior affinity for PLA2 compared to other drug-phospholipid
conjugates. FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the successful synthesis of the
conjugate, while DSC analysis confirmed its purity and formation. PLA2-mediated
hydrolysis experiments demonstrated selective activation of the prodrug
depending on PLA2 concentration. SRB experiments indicated dose-dependent
cytotoxic effects of Celecoxib, phospholipid non-toxicity, and efficient
celecoxib-phospholipid conjugation.

Conclusion This study successfully developed a Celecoxib-phospholipid
conjugate with potential anticonvulsant properties. The prodrugʼs specific
activation and cytotoxicity profile makes it a promising therapeutic candidate.
Further investigation into underlying mechanisms and in vivo studies is
necessary to assess its translational potential fully.
Peripheral Auditory Pathway and ABR Characterization in Adults with Williams Syndrome
Authors: Nascimento Jacqueline Aquino do , Silva Liliane Aparecida Fagundes , Samelli Alessandra Gianella , Matas Carla Gentile
Published: July 2024

Introduction Williams syndrome (WS) is a genetic disorder caused by a microdeletion in chromosome 7, affecting ∼ 28 genes. Studies have demonstrated conductive losses seemingly related to the absence of the elastin gene and mild to profound sensorineural losses due to cochlear fragility.

Objective To characterize and compare the peripheral auditory system and auditory brainstem response (ABR) of adults with WS and neurotypical adults matched by age and gender.

Methods We conducted a cross-sectional observational study with 30 individuals of both sexes, aged 18 to 37 years – 15 of them with WS (study group) and 15 with neither the syndrome nor hearing complaints (control group), matched for sex and age. The subjects underwent pure-tone and speech audiometry, acoustic immittance, transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs), and ABR.

Results Early-onset sensorineural hearing loss was found in 53.3% of the study sample, mostly mild, occurring above 3 kHz. The TEOAEs were absent in 53.3% of assessed subjects; for those in whom they were present, the signal-to-noise responses were significantly lower than in the control group. In the ABR, increased absolute latencies were observed in waves I and III.

Conclusion Individuals with WS have early and progressive cochlear impairments, mainly affecting the basal region of the cochlea. They may have low brainstem changes which seem to begin in adulthood.
Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve ameliorates inflammation and disease activity in a rat EAE model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Natarajan Chandramohan , Le Linh H. D. , Gunasekaran Manojkumar , Tracey Kevin J. , Chernoff David , Levine Yaakov A.
Published: July 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) disorder that is associated with functional impairment and accruing disability. There are multiple U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs that effectively dampen inflammation and slow disability progression. However, these agents do not work well for all patients and are associated with side effects that may limit their use. The vagus nerve (VN) provides a direct communication conduit between the CNS and the periphery, and modulation of the inflammatory reflex via electrical stimulation of the VN (VNS) shows efficacy in ameliorating pathology in several CNS and autoimmune disorders. We therefore investigated the impact of VNS in a rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS. In this study, VNS-mediated neuroimmune modulation is demonstrated to effectively decrease EAE disease severity and duration, infiltration of neutrophils and pathogenic lymphocytes, myelin damage, blood–brain barrier disruption, fibrinogen deposition, and proinflammatory microglial activation. VNS modulates expression of genes that are implicated in MS pathogenesis, as well as those encoding myelin proteins and transcription factors regulating new myelin synthesis. Together, these data indicate that neuroimmune modulation via VNS may be a promising approach to treat MS, that not only ameliorates symptoms but potentially also promotes myelin repair (remyelination).
Lingua francas as evidence of standard language ideology in historical perspective
Authors: Brown Josh
Published: July 2024

The paper considers historical lingua francas and standard language ideology from the framework of ‘language
history from below’. Although some work has been devoted to mixed forms of language in studies of standardisation, little
attention has been paid to lingua francas. This paper focusses on a historical dictionary – the Dictionnaire de la langue
franque of 1830 – to argue that historical data can be considered as evidence ‘from below’ for the broader ideologies
of standardisation which were circulating in early modern Europe. I argue that the fictive dialogues contained in the
Dictionnaire are a projection that reflect broader theories about language standardisation at the time. In
this sense, the paper argues for further development of the role of lingua francas in models of standardisation more
generally.
First-order transition under a magnetic ordered state in SmPtSi2
Authors: Nakano Tomohito , Takahashi Eisuke , Yamaguchi Shuto , Takeda Naoya , Uhlířová Klára , Prokleška Jan , Pospíšil Jiří , Sechovský Vladimír , Matusbayashi Kazuyuki , Ma Hanming , Uwatoko Yoshiya
Published: July 2024

We have synthesized polycrystalline and single-crystalline samples of SmPtSi2, and measured their resistivity, specific heat, magnetization, and Seebeck coefficient. The existence of two magnetic phase transitions has been confirmed, one at T
H = 8.6 K and the other T
L = 5.6 K. A hump-type anomaly in resistivity, a lambda-type anomaly in specific heat, a downward bend in magnetization, and a semiconductor-like increase in the Seebeck coefficient were observed at T
H, indicating an antiferromagnetic transition accompanied by a gap opening on the Fermi surface. In contrast, a sharp drop in resistivity, a sharp spike in specific heat, and a drop in magnetization were observed at T
L. The Seebeck coefficient showed metallic temperature dependence below T
L. With increasing pressure, T
H and T
L shifted to higher temperatures. The transition at T
L was no longer observed at pressures above 1.5 GPa. These findings suggest that the transition at T
L is a transition from an antiferromagnetic ordered state with the gap on the Fermi surface to a different antiferromagnetic state.
Nonlocality activation using local filtering operations based on CGLMP inequality
Authors: Kumari Asmita
Published: July 2024

Entanglement is necessary but not sufficient to demonstrate nonlocality as there exist local entangled states which do not violate any Bell inequality. In recent years, the activation of nonlocality (known as hidden nonlocality) by using local filtering operations has gained considerable interest. In the original proposal of Popescu [Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2619 (1995)] the hidden nonlocality was demonstrated for the Werner class of states in d ≥ 5. In this paper, we demonstrate the hidden nonlocality for a class of mixed entangled states (convex mixture of a pure state and color noise) in an arbitrary d-dimensional system using suitable local filtering operations. For our demonstration, we consider the quantum violation of Collins-Linden-Gisin-Masser-Popescu (CGLMP) inequality which has hitherto not been considered for this purpose. We show that when the pure state in the aforementioned mixed entangled state is a maximally entangled state, the range of the mixing parameter for revealing hidden nonlocality increases with increasing the dimension of the system. Importantly, we find that for d ≥ 8, hidden non-locality can be revealed for the whole range of mixing parameter. Further, by considering another pure state, the maximally CGLMP-violating state, we demonstrate the activation of nonlocality by using the same local filtering operation. We have also shown the activation of quantum fidelity for mixed entangled states using the same local filtering operator.
Edge dependent fault-tolerance in certain carbon-based crystal structures
Authors: Singh Malkesh , Lal Sohan , Sharma Sunny Kumar , Bhat Vijay Kumar
Published: July 2024

The field of chemical graph theory encompasses interdisciplinary studies that utilize mathematical methods in exploring the attributes and arrangement of chemical compounds. Chemical graphs, in which atoms are vertices and bonds are edges, offer influential mathematical representations for portraying the molecular structures of chemical compounds. A smallest subset of vertices of a graph from which the vector of distances to each vertex of the graph is unique is known as metric basis for that graph and cardinality of a metric basis is known as metric dimension of that graph. In this paper, an important variant of metric dimension known as fault-tolerant edge metric dimension (FTEMD) is taken into consideration and computed it for most important possible allotrope of carbon family, known as crystal cubic carbon (denoted by G(n)). We prove that the FTEMD value of the molecular graph of crystal cubic carbon is unbounded for large n. Also, the comparison between several variants of metric dimension and FTEMD for the molecular graph G(n) has also been incorporated in the paper.
Soliton solutions and sensitive analysis to nonlinear wave model arising in optics
Authors: Lu Wenjie , Ahmad Jamshad , Akram Sonia , Aldwoah Khaled A
Published: July 2024

In this study, we use analytical algorithms, specifically the auxiliary equation (AE) approach, the improved F-expansion method, and the modified Sardar sub-equation (MSSE) method to investigate complex wave structures for plentiful solutions associated with the fractional perturbed Gerdjikov-Ivanov (PGI) model with the M-fractional operator. The investigated model is a well-established mathematical model used to represent a variety of physical events in nonlinear dynamics and mathematical physics. By using the aforementioned techniques, we scrutinize some new optical wave solutions in the framework of dark, bright, periodic, combo, W-shaped, M-shape, V-shape, kink type, singular rational, exponential, trigonometric, and hyperbolic solutions. The acquired solutions address a wide range of optical solutions in the form of 3D plots, contour plots, and 2D plots, declaring the free parameters of such optical soliton solutions and comprehending their dynamic behavior. Also, the sensitive analysis of the selected model is analyzed. The main contribution of this study is to extract diverse solitary wave solutions of the adopted model. Some of the solutions are similar and some diverge from the previous solutions which justifies the novelty of the study. Finally, we discovered that the current technique provides a reliable instrument for investigating the analytic solutions of fractional differential equations. The proposed PGI model can be used to transmit ultra-fast pulses across optical fibers. This research goes beyond to the advancement of mathematical techniques for solving fractional differential equations and broadens their application to a wide range of real-world scientific and engineering problems.
SiC and Si detectors comparison for high carbon energy spectrometry
Authors: Torrisi L. , Havranek V. , Mackova A. , Torrisi A. , Cutroneo M.
Published: July 2024

An innovative SiC Schottky junction and a traditional p-n Si surface barrier detector have been compared to detect carbon ions with MeVs kinetic energy. To this, a comparison was performed during Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) using 2–10 MeV carbon ion beams. The energy resolution and detection efficiency for RBS analysis using the two detectors and their detection electronics are presented.

The detector parameters dependencies on the surface passivating layers, ion energy and current dependence, ion penetration depth, detection efficiency, energy resolution, and others are discussed.

The comparison of RBS analysis with SiC and Si is investigated highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of using SiC with respect to the traditional Si surface barrier detectors. The two detectors employed for proton, helium and carbon RBS spectrometry of different targets have been also compared on the base of the literature data.