bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visible-Light-Driven Bio-Templated Magnetic Copper Oxide Composite for Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Degradation of Tetracycline
Authors: Alani Olushola Adewole , Ari Hadiza Abdullahi , Alani Susanna Olushola , Offiong Nnanake-Abasi O. , Feng Wei
Published: July 2021

The development of a visible-light-driven, reusable, and long-lasting catalyst for the heterogeneous photo-Fenton process is critical for practical application in the treatment of contaminated water. This study focuses on synthesizing a visible-light-driven heterogenous bio-templated magnetic copper oxide composite (Fe3O4/CuO/C) by a two-step process of bio-templating and hydrothermal processes. The prepared composite was characterized by field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results reveal that the prepared composite retains the template’s (corn stalk’s) original porous morphology, and a substantial amount of CuO and Fe3O4 particles are loaded onto the surface of the template. The prepared Fe3O4/CuO/C composite was employed as a catalyst for heterogeneous photo-Fenton degradation of tetracycline (TC) irradiated by visible light. The prepared Fe3O4/CuO/C catalyst has high efficiency towards TC degradation within 60 min across a wide pH range irradiated by visible light, which is attributed to its readily available interfacial boundaries, which significantly improves the movement of photoexcited electrons across various components of the prepared composite. The influence of other parameters such as initial H2O2 concentration, initial concentration of TC, and catalyst dosages was also studied. In addition to high efficiency, the prepared catalyst’s performance was sustained after five cycles, and its recovery is aided by the use of an external magnetic field. This research paper highlights the development of a heterogeneous catalyst for the elimination of refractory organic compounds in wastewater.
A Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Ammonia Pollution Trends in a Groundwater Source Area along a River in Residential Areas
Authors: Wang Zhuoran , Zhao Xiaoguang , Xie Tianyu , Wen Na , Yao Jing
Published: July 2021

In this study, a comprehensive evaluation model of ammonia pollution trends in a groundwater source area along a river in residential areas is proposed. It consists of coupling models and their interrelated models, including (i) MODFLOW and (ii) MT3DMS. The study area is laid in a plain along a river, where a few workshops operate and groundwater is heavily contaminated by domestic pollutants, agricultural pollutants, and cultivation pollutants. According to the hydrogeological conditions of the study area and the emissions of ammonia calculated in the First National Pollution Source Census Report in China, this study calibrates and verifies the prediction model. The difference between the observed water level and the calculated water level of the model is within the confidence interval of the test. This means that the model is reliable and that it can truly reflect changes in the groundwater flow field and can be directly used to simulate the migration of ammonia. The simulation results show that, after 20 years, the center of the ammonia pollution plume will gradually flow east along with the groundwater over time, mainly affecting the groundwater, which is less than 200 m from the river, and the ammonia content near wells at a maximum extent of less than 0.3 mg/L.
National Stable Isotope Baseline for Precipitation in Malawi to Underpin Integrated Water Resources Management
Authors: Banda Limbikani C. , Rivett Michael O. , Zavison Anold S. K. , Kamtukule Sydney , Kalin Robert M.
Published: July 2021

With the resurgence of water-isotope tracing applications for Integrated Water Resource Management in developing countries, establishing a stable isotopic baseline is necessary. Developing countries, including Malawi, continue to struggle with the generation of consistent and long-term isotopic datasets due to non-existent or inadequate in-country water-isotope capacity. Malawi has made significant advances in its quest to establish a stable isotopic baseline through the establishment of the Malawi Network of Isotope in Precipitation. This study provides the first results for the isotopic characterization of precipitation in Malawi with a view to reinforcing understanding of the country’s hydrological cycle. Error-in-variables regression defined a Local Meteoric Water Line as δ2H = 8.0 (±0.3) δ18O + 13.0 (±2.0) using stable isotopic records of 37 monthly samples from 5 stations between 2014 and 2019. Local precipitation (isotopic composition) is consistent with global precipitation expectations, its condensation-forming process occurring under equilibrium conditions and a higher intercept (d-excess) above the 10‰ for Global Meteoric Water Line, implying that air moisture recycling significantly influences local precipitation. Wider variations observed in local precipitation isotopic signatures are largely attributed to different moisture-bearing systems and diverse geographic factors across the country. Additional stations are recommended to improve spatial coverage that, together with longer temporal records, may help understanding and resolving uncertainties such as the altitude effect. This pioneering study is expected to facilitate Malawi’s ambition to achieve integrated use and improved protection of its surface water and groundwater resources in response to mounting climate change, growing population and land-development concerns.
Ecology and Conservation of Freshwater Fishes Biodiversity: We Need More Knowledge to Develop Conservation Strategies
Authors: Miranda Rafael , Miqueleiz Imanol
Published: July 2021

Freshwater fish represent one-fourth of all vertebrate species, despite freshwater occupying less than 1% of the Earth’s surface [...]
Bonificaciones en especie y su efecto en la situación financiera de distribuidores de marca autorizados en el rubro de productos alimenticios
Authors: Chirinos Baspineiro Roxana
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el efecto directo de las bonificaciones en especie en la situación financiera de distribuidores de marca autorizados en el rubro de productos alimenticios.
Planificación en la gestión de seguridad industrial e higiene ocupacional
Authors: Jiménez Boreidy
Published: July 2021

La investigación tuvo como objetivo describir el proceso de planificación en la gestión de seguridad industrial e higiene ocupacional en la industria petrolera venezolana. La metodología fue  de  tipo  descriptiva,  bajo  un  diseño  de  campo  no  experimental,  y  transeccional.  La población estuvo conformada por las gerencias de Servicio Lacustre de la división occidente. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la encuesta mediante un cuestionario, el mismo quedó conformado por 9 ítems con escala dicotómica. La validez se realizó a través del juicio de expertos, y su confiabilidad por el método de Küder – Richardson, donde se obtuvo 0,85. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante la estadística descriptiva, a través del estudio de las frecuencias relativas. Se concluyó que estas gerencias poseen moderada presencia de las políticas, objetivos, leyes y normas inmersos en el proceso de planificación en la gestión de seguridad industrial e higiene ocupacional
Efectos medio ambientales ocasionados por la explotación de estaño
Authors: Avendaño Osinaga Ramiro Abel
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los efectos ambientales provocados por la explotación de yacimientos estanníferos en la localidad de Huanuni, Bolivia. La metodología empleada requirió del análisis del impacto ambiental tomando en cuenta dos aspectos: primero, la magnitud del impacto sobre sectores específicos del medio ambiente; segundo, la importancia de las acciones propuestas sobre las características y condiciones ambientales específicas.

Los resultados demuestran que las actividades de extracción de estaño son rentables, pero a la vez provocan: contaminación del agua; generación de gases, sales, partículas y contaminación acústica. En algunos casos estos efectos pueden cobrar vidas humanas. Se concluyó que la implementación de políticas ambientales no afectaría significativamente en la rentabilidad y permitiría gozar la beneficios directos e indirectos para los pobladores.
Frailty, Age, and Postdialysis Recovery Time in a Population New to Hemodialysis
Authors: Fitzpatrick Jessica , Sozio Stephen M. , Jaar Bernard G. , Estrella Michelle M. , Segev Dorry L. , Shafi Tariq , Monroy-Trujillo Jose M. , Parekh Rulan S. , McAdams-DeMarco Mara A.
Published: July 2021

Background

Frailty, a phenotype characterized by decreased physiologic reserve and the inability to recover following confrontation with a stressor like hemodialysis, may help identify which patients on incident hemodialysis will experience longer postdialysis recovery times. Recovery time is associated with downstream outcomes, including quality of life and mortality. We characterized postdialysis recovery times among patients new to hemodialysis and quantified the association between frailty and hemodialysis recovery time.

Methods

Among 285 patients on hemodialysis enrolled in the Predictors of Arrhythmic and Cardiovascular Risk in End Stage Renal Disease (PACE) study, frailty was measured using the Fried phenotype. Self-reported recovery time was obtained by telephone interview. We estimated the association of frailty (intermediately frail and frail versus nonfrail) and postdialysis recovery time using adjusted negative binomial regression.

Results

Median time between dialysis initiation and study enrollment was 3.4 months (IQR, 2.7–4.9), and that between initiation and recovery time assessment was 11 months (IQR, 9.3–15). Mean age was 55 years, 24% were >65 years, and 73% were Black; 72% of individuals recovered in ≤1 hour, 20% recovered in 1–6 hours, 5% required 6–12 hours to recover, and <5% required >12 hours to recover. Those with intermediate frailty, frailty, and age ≤65 years had 2.56-fold (95% CI, 1.45 to 4.52), 1.72-fold (95% CI, 1.03 to 2.89), and 2.35-fold (95% CI, 1.44 to 3.85) risks, respectively, of longer recovery time independent of demographic characteristics, comorbidity, and dialysis-related factors.

Conclusions

In adults new to hemodialysis, frailty was independently associated with prolonged postdialysis recovery. Future studies should assess the effect of frailty-targeted interventions on recovery time to improve clinical outcomes.
Post-Discharge Mortality and Rehospitalization among Participants in a Comprehensive Acute Kidney Injury Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Singh Gurmukteshwar , Hu Yirui , Jacobs Steven , Brown Jason , George Jason , Bermudez Maria , Ho Kevin , Green Jamie A. , Kirchner H. Lester , Chang Alex R.
Published: July 2021

Key Points

Using innovative, patient-centered interventions, 68% of eligible high-risk patients with AKI were enrolled and all came to nephrology follow-up.

Participation was associated with improvement in 30-day postdischarge rehospitalization and mortality, with similar 90-day trends.

The interventions present a roadmap for improving enrollment in AKI randomized controlled trials and should be tested further.

Background

Hospitalization-associated AKI is common and is associated with markedly increased mortality and morbidity. This prospective cohort study examined the feasibility and association of an AKI rehabilitation program with postdischarge outcomes.

Methods

Adult patients hospitalized from September 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020 in a large health system in Pennsylvania with stage 2–3 AKI who were alive and not on dialysis or hospice at discharge were evaluated for enrollment. The intervention included patient education, case manager services, and expedited nephrology appointments starting within 1–3 weeks of discharge. We examined the association between AKI rehabilitation program participation and risks of rehospitalization or mortality in logistic regression analyses adjusting for comorbidities, discharge disposition, and sociodemographic and kidney parameters. Sensitivity analysis was performed using propensity score matching.

Results

Among the high-risk patients with AKI who were evaluated, 77 of 183 were suitable for inclusion. Out of these, 52 (68%) patients were enrolled and compared with 400 contemporary, nonparticipant survivors of stage 2/3 AKI. Crude postdischarge rates of rehospitalization or death were lower for participants versus nonparticipants at 30 days (15% versus 34%; P=0.01) and at 90 days (31% versus 51%; P=0.01). After multivariable adjustment, participation in the AKI rehabilitation program was associated with lower risk of rehospitalization or mortality at 30 days (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.93), with similar findings at 90 days (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.25 to 1.05). Due to small sample size, propensity-matched analyses were limited. The participants’ rehospitalization or mortality was numerically lower but not statistically significant at 30 days (18% versus 31%; P=0.22) or at 90 days (47% versus 58%; P=0.4).

Conclusions

The AKI rehabilitation program was feasible and potentially associated with improved 30-day rehospitalization or mortality. Our interventions present a roadmap to improve enrollment in future randomized trials.
Ferrocarril y especialización triguera del sureste cordobés a fines del siglo XIX. Un estudio de caso a través de la teoría del principal y el agente
Authors: Tognetti Luis Alberto
Published: July 2021

Durante la primera globalización, la extensión de la red ferroviaria contribuyó a expandir la agricultura. En Argentina, se verificó esta relación, pero el aumento de las superficies cultivadas experimentó un retardo significativo respecto de la propagación de las vías. En este artículo se propone que esta circunstancia obedeció a que las compañías ferroviarias, los colonizadores y los agricultores tomaron sus decisiones de acuerdo con sus niveles de información. A partir de la teoría del principal y el agente, se estudian los departamentos de Unión y Marcos Juárez (provincia de Córdoba) entre 1885 y 1900. La evidencia reunida sugiere que los promotores de trenes decidieron los trazados según los criterios que el Gobierno nacional fijó para otorgar la garantía sobre la inversión; los empresarios inmobiliarios localizaron sus colonias según la distancia al puerto y las tarifas ferroviarias y los agricultores ubicaron los cultivos de trigo por el costo del flete. La conclusión destaca que las compañías ferroviarias priorizaron el subsidio porque con éste cubrirían, en parte, el costo operativo y la amortización del capital. Sin embargo, la crisis de 1890 llevó a la suspensión del sistema de garantías. Por esta razón, el cuadro tarifario no se pudo ajustar a las necesidades de la expansión agrícola.
Desenvolvimento de carvão ativado a partir de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e sua aplicação na adsorção de ácido orgânico / Development of activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse and its application in organic acid adsorption
Authors: De Almeida Milla Araújo , Coatti Luiza , Ghani Yussra Abdul , Colombo Renata
Published: July 2021

O bagaço de cana-de-açúcar é um dos resíduos agroindustriais mais abundantes no Brasil, com geração média de 240-280 kg/t-1 de cana processada. Uma das rotas potenciais de aproveitamento desta biomassa é na produção de insumos, como os materiais adsorventes. Os adsorventes, como o carvão ativado, são materiais utilizados para adsorção de substâncias químicas orgânicas e inorgânicas de diversas matrizes. Neste trabalho é apresentado o desenvolvimento de um carvão ativado, a partir do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, e a sua aplicação na adsorção do ácido málico, uma substância amplamente utilizada em diferentes setores industriais e atualmente fabricada utilizando diversas etapas de processo. A produção do carvão ativado foi realizada a partir da preparação do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar com as etapas de lavagem, fervura, ativação com cloreto de zinco, trituração e peneiramento. Após isso se realizou a etapa de pirólise em mufla à 600 ºC por 1 h. A capacidade de adsorção do ácido málico pelo carvão produzido foi avaliada utilizando dois modelos diferentes de isoterma: Freundlich e Langmuir. As concentrações do ácido málico, antes e após o contato com o carvão ativado, foram determinadas utilizando a Cromatografia Liquida de Alta Eficiência. Os resultados mostraram que a capacidade de adsorção do carvão ativado proveniente do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar corresponde a 35-53 %. O modelo de Freundlich foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados experimentais da adsorção do ácido málico no carvão desenvolvido. Os parâmetros de ambas isotermas (Languimir e de Freundlich) indicaram que o processo de adsorção é favorável, com uma capacidade máxima de adsorção do carvão em torno de 47,03 Lmg-1 e 0,02 mgg-1, respectivamente.Com base nos achados desta pesquisa é possível concluir que o carvão do bagaço de cana-de açúcar ativado com cloreto de zinco é um potencial adsorvente para processos diversos, onde se requer a retenção de ácido málico em meio aquoso.
METHOD FOR DETECTING THE COORDINATES OF SUBSCRIBERS IN THE ABSENCE OF COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE OF NETWORK OPERATORS USING A FLYING NETWORK BASED ON A GROUP OF UAVs
Authors: Динь Ч.З. , Киричек Р.В.
Published: July 2021

Представлен протокол CMMpP, разработанный на основе модификации протоколов IEEE 802.11p и IEEE 1609.4, для поддержания связи между узлами в летающей сети, осуществления связи между беспилотными летательными аппаратами (БПЛА) и элементами группы БПЛА. Предложен метод позиционирования на основе групп БПЛА в быстро разворачиваемых летающих сетях для экстренных служб путем обнаружения сигналов Wi-Fi, отправленных со смартфонов пострадавших

It is presented the CMMpP protocol, developed on the basis of a modification of the IEEE 802.11p and IEEE 1609.4 protocols, to maintain a connection between nodes in a flying network and to communicate between unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and UAV group elements. It is proposed a method for detecting the coordinates of subscribers based on groups of UAVs in quickly deployed flying networks for emergency services by detecting Wi-Fi signals that are sent from the smartphones of injured people.
ELECTROMAGNETIC SECURITY OF MODERN WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES: ICNIRP DOCUMENTS
Authors: Сподобаев Ю.М.
Published: July 2021

Представлена информация о существенно обновленных в этом году рекомендациях ICNIRP, которые служат ориентиром для многих стран в деле защиты человека от электромагнитных полей. Новый документ разработан по результатам обобщений многолетних зарубежных исследований при реализации концепции контроля и оценки поглощенной объектом электромагнитной энергии. Рассмотрены положения документа, представляющие интерес для технических специалистов с научно-технической и методической точек зрения. Показано, что электродинамическая обоснованность, установленные границы, временные параметры и степень воздействий соответствуют основным физическим представлениям. Отмечено, что достижения отечественной биофизики электромагнитных воздействий должны гармонично войти в национальные обоснования медико-биологических, научно-технических и нормативно-правовых решений.

The ICNIRP recommendations, which provide guidelines for many countries in protecting people from electromagnetic fields, have been substantially updated this year. The new document was developed on the basis ofthe results of the consolidation of multi-year studies with the consistent implementation of the concept of monitoring and evaluation of electromagnetic energy absorbed by an object. Some provisions of the document, which are of interest to technical specialists from scientific, technical and methodological points of view, areconsidered. It is shown that electrodynamic validity, established boundaries, time parameters and the degree of impact correspond to the basic physical concepts.
POSSIBILITIES OF EXPANDING THE COVERAGE AREA OF LOCAL FUNCTIONAL ADDITIONS WHILE PROVIDING HIGH-PRECISION CORRECTIONS OF SATELLITE RADIO NAVIGATION SYSTEM ERRORS
Authors: Вовасов В.Е.
Published: July 2021

Анализируются методы высокоточной коррекции погрешностей спутниковой радионавигационной системы (СРНС). Предлагается рассмотреть усовершенствованную версию, основанную на определении дифференциальных поправок (ДП) сети децентрализованных станций, обеспечивающих расширение зоны действия локальных функциональных дополнений. С этой целью вычисляются поправки в реальном масштабе времени, практически лишенные ионосферной и тропосферной составляющих. Такой метод позволяет устранить некоторые флуктационные составляющие оценок псевдо- дальностей (ПД) и, таким образом, значительно (до нескольких тысяч километров) увеличить зону аппроксимации, обеспечив высокую точность поправок.

The methods of high-precision error correction of the satellite radio navigation system are analyzed. It is proposed to consider an improved version of correction based on the definition of differential corrections of a chain of decentralized stations. For this purpose, realtime corrections, practically deprived of ionospheric and tropospheric components, are calculated.
THERMAL STABILITY OF THE BAND-STOP FILTER OF THE TRANSMITTING FEEDER PATH OF INCREASED POWER
Authors: Алексейчик Л.В. , Андриевский Н.В. , Кизима А.Г. , Павлов Н.В.
Published: July 2021

Предложены варианты повышения стабильности температурного режима режекторного фильтра радиоастрономического диапазона для бортового информационно-навигационного комплекса космического аппарата ГЛОНАСС с целью обеспечения минимального перепада температур между керамическими диэлектрическими резонаторами и их посадочными местами (за счет улучшения кондуктивного теплоотвода). Рассмотрены два варианта выполнения диэлектрических подставок керамического диэлектрического резонатора: в виде усеченного конуса, выполненного из кварцевого стекла, и цилиндрической подставки из горячепрессованного нитрида бора с параллельным прессованием слоев.

Options are proposed for increasing the temperature stability of the band-stop filter of the radio astronomy range for radio navigation complex GLONASS in order to ensure a minimum temperature difference between ceramic dielectric resonators and their seats due to improved conductive heat removal. Two versions of the dielectric support of ceramic dielectric resonator are proposed: in the form of a truncated cone made of quartz glass and cylindrical support made of hotpressed boron nitride with a parallel pressing of layers.
INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE BLOCK BY INJECTION INTO THE PTERYGOMANDIBULAR SPACE USING GUIDING DEVICES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Kashtanov Artem , darawsheh hadi , Vasil'ev Yuriy , Ibrahim Sameh R.A. , Shirokova Darina , Shilyaeva Ekaterina , Brichagina Valeria , Taymurazov Guseyn
Published: July 2021

The aim of our research was to analyze and compare different inferior alveolar nerve blocking techniques and the effectiveness of various guiding devices. Methods: A search was conducted on specialized databases for search and selection of works in which a guiding device for lower alveolar nerve block (IANB) was described. The propriated articles were evaluated and selected in 3 stages for final review based on predefined criteria, followed by a critical evaluation stage. As the research result - various types of IANB guide devices and the results of its using were recorded and analyzed. Results: The systematic review of devices for conducting IANB was done. The success of IANB can be achieved by adjusting the syringe with the anesthetic needle trajectory — it increased the probability of a successful hit in the area of the mandible foramen. Examples of devices in which the syringe is fixed at the moment when the tip of the needle is injected into the medial side of the branch of the lower alveolar nerve are considered. And also, the special techniques based on orientation on the soft tissues are described. However, when creating a device of this type, the following factors must be taken into account: the angle of the needle to the insertion point, the position of the insertion point relative to the anatomical landmarks (taking into account individual characteristics), and the insertion depth. Also, other IANB guiding blockade methods are considered: 3D navigation while local anesthetic injection. Thus, the patient's discomfort, the risk of nerve damage and the risk of unsuccessful mandible anesthesia could be minimized. Conclusion: The advantages and disadvantages of these anesthesia methods, the success rate, and patient comfort were analyzed. Prospects for further research in this area were identified.
Complicaciones cardiovasculares de la COVID-19 en pacientes hospitalizados, revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Mejia-Zambrano Henry , Ramos-Calsín Livia
Published: July 2021

Antecedentes: La enfermedad del COVID-19 causado por el virus, SARS-CoV-2, comenzó en la región de Wuhan de la República Popular de China, a finales del 2019, generando complicaciones y mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados. Objetivo: Revisar la literatura de manera sistemática sobre las complicaciones cardiovasculares de la COVID-19 en pacientes hospitalizados. Métodos: Se incluyeron estudios observacionales, estudios sobre complicaciones cardiovasculares en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19, estudios con textos disponibles y estudios en idioma inglés y español. Se realizó una síntesis narrativa de los datos recopilados, sin un análisis formal estadístico. Además, de análisis cualitativo de las principales patologías y manifestaciones clínicas notificadas. Se empleo la herramienta de la calidad del estudio de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud de los Estados Unidos. Resultados: En esta revisión se observó que el 50.6 % de los pacientes infectados por el SARS-CoV-2, padecieron alguna comorbilidad cardiovascular (43.5 % hipertensión arterial (HTA) y 19.8 % diabetes mellitus). Las complicaciones del COVID-19 en pacientes infectados fueron: (44.1 %) tromboembolismo venoso, (32 %) infarto agudo de miocardio (IMA), (19.2 %) miocarditis, (16.3 %) arritmia y (11.2 %) enfermedad cerebrovascular. Conclusión: Los principales efectos cardiovasculares en pacientes infectados por el SARS-COV-2 fueron miocarditis, infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM), tromboembolismo venoso, enfermedad cerebro vascular (ECV).
Meno male (o menomale) che c'è la Crusca!
Authors: Coletti Vittorio
Published: July 2021

Sono arrivate al nostro servizio di consulenza molte domande sulla locuzione meno male: può essere scritta menomale? Se seguita da una frase dichiarativa il verbo di questa deve essere al congiuntivo o all’indicativo? Esiste l’alternativa benomale?
Características de los ejercicios de escenarios de futuro en el sector de la salud
Authors:   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cruz Aguilar Pedro León
Published: July 2021

Los escenarios de futuro son narraciones o enunciados sobre los posibles futuros, construidos de manera metódica y rigurosa, con unas características específicas y la participación de los expertos y actores de un sistema. Después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial se inició el uso de los métodos científicos en los estudios de futuro (Son, 2015), dotando a los ejercicios para la construcción de los escenarios de futuro de un conjunto de características entre las que se encuentran los métodos para la construcción de estos, los cuales pueden ser agrupados en cualitativos, cuantitativos y mixtos (Popper, 2011); los patrocinadores, que pueden ser universidades, fundaciones, organismos multilaterales, grupos de investigación o empresas; el horizonte de tiempo, que por ser a largo plazo debe ser superior a cinco años, y el número de escenarios donde se proponen las posibles alternativas de futuro.
The Spirit Of Water
Authors: Minguzzi Magda
Published: July 2021

This book describes a research project begun by the author in 2015 and co-authored by the chiefs of the KhoiSan peoples living in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality, South Africa, aided by staff and students at Nelson Mandela University. The scope of the project was to investigate methods and procedures that could help re-establish the link between the Indigenous communities and their ‘forgotten’ heritage sites due to the colonial segregations. Making use of a participatory and interdisciplinary method we explored the tangible and intangible heritage of the Eastern Cape province, with particular attention to the remains of precolonial fish traps located along the shoreline. Included also are important testimonies from the KhoiSan chiefs who, alongside the author, led the project.
Micro-Wineries as drivers for local economic development and innovation in lagging areas
Authors: Cantafio Giuseppe , Parisi Luana
Published: July 2021

For a long time mainstream economics has neglected the non-economic side related to economic growth. Yet, today there is increasing awareness of the role that social capital can play in spurring Local Economic Development especially in underdeveloped, remote, or lagging contexts. Microwineries represent a good example of SMEs, being small realities serving the local markets and spaces that strengthen local communities. The European Mediterranean regions have commonly been connected with these sectors. This study aims at pushing the body of knowledge in the development of microwineries in the lagging-behind contexts of Southern Europe, particularly in Southern Italy. To support the discussion, the present study will adopt a deductive approach, by analysing the San Diego wine cluster taken as a case study, since its wine market recently boomed. Findings will highlight the microwineries symbiosis with the territory itself. Useful lessons will be drawn for encouraging policymakers in undertaking actions towards strengthening the potential of microwineries and building networks among them.
Wine price determinants. Is there a homogeneous international standard?
Authors: Gonçalves Tânia , Rebelo João , Lourenço-Gomes Lina , Caldas José
Published: July 2021

This article presents an international comparison of the main determinants of wine prices in specialist online wine shops. Hedonic price functions were estimated for 9624 wines spread among four datasets from France, Italy, Germany and Australia. To explain price variation data was collected on wine classification, closure type, wine origin, medals or awards, vintage, alcohol content, color, and grape variety. Results from quantile regression models show that the wine vintage is a common price driver in all markets and quantiles. A quite similar effect was found for alcohol content. In terms of color, the implicit prices for red and white wines are also structurally different between countries, particularly in origin, blend, closure, awards and age. Thus, the markets should be assumed as heterogeneous, and the extrapolation of the results from one market to another may lead to erroneous management decisions.
What’s in organic wine consumer mind? A review on purchasing drivers of organic wines
Authors: Maesano Giulia , Di Vita Giuseppe , Chinnici Gaetano , Gioacchino Pappalardo , D'Amico Mario
Published: July 2021

Consumer interest in organic wine is growing, but the effects of organic label, consumer quality perception and the support for the benefits claim of organic wine are not yet fully understood and at times doubtful. The literature shows a very heterogeneous picture regarding consumer behaviour and preferences for organic wine. This study seeks to understand the link between organic wine and consumer’ purchasing drivers.  Using a systematic literature review, the paper explores the characteristics of consumer of organic wine, the motivation on consumer behaviour and preferences for organic wine, as well as the sensory quality and the presence of additives when evaluating wine quality and in shaping consumers’ attitudes. The results show how socio-economic and psychological characteristics of consumer as well as quality perception affect their behaviour for organic wine. Little consensus on the benefits in terms of improved sensory quality of organic wine compared to conventional one. Among sensory qualities, taste has been found to be both a key driver and barrier to organic wine consumption. Based on literature studies, consumers have positive opinions toward organic wine, which is perceived as healthy and environmental friendly. However, despite the growing market interest in wine, scientific information about the organoleptic differences between conventional and organic remains scarce and the topic requires more in-depth analysis. Understanding the profile of consumer and the factors that influence consumer’ behaviour provide information to the organic wine industry.
COVID-19: OBESITY RELATED TO PHYSICAL INACTIVITY DUE TO LOCKDOWN SITUATION
Authors: Fakhruddin Ume Habiba
Published: July 2021

Due to rapid outburst of COVID-19 pandemic, governments of many countries have underwent drastic changes to fight its spread by measures such as social distancing, and lockdowns. These strategies of government are mainly aiming to reduce outdoor activities and gatherings which in turn has led to detrimental consequences on physical, social and mental health of an individuals. As reduced levels of activity is causing obesity and its linked metabolic diseases including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, sleep apnea, mood and reproductive disorders. Due to confinement of people to their homes in accordance with the SOPs to curb COVID, more and more people are being inactive and moving more towards sedentary lifestyle compared to physically active lifestyle.
Obesity that is atypical fat deposition was found to be more profound during virus epidemic in people with higher BMI1. However, obesity during this lockdown was associated with overeating 43% and more common snacking 52%2 and adverse modifications in physical activities with less time spending in household chores, leisureliness spell, and leisureliness-time walking of modest-vigorous intensity with substantial intensification in screen time and nap time3. Further, this lockdown situation has caused restricted access to gym and fitness centers.
AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW ON PATIENT SATISFACTION MEASURING TOOL FOR PHYSIOTHERAPY CARE AMONG CLIENTS IN THE OUT-PATIENT DEPARTMENT
Authors: Acob Joel Rey
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims: Patient satisfaction is acknowledged as the corner stone of quality management and it is the paramount of any quality management program in health care system. This study is aimed to conduct an up-to-date systematic review on different validated tools that provide quantification of patient satisfaction in out-patient physical therapy services.

Type: Systematic review

Literature survey: An extensive literature search was performed using 3 electronic database systems (Google scholar, PubMed, and PEDro) for articles published between 2000 and 2020. Boolean operator AND was used in compilation with the exhaustive list of search terminologies. A total of 19 studies that investigated any patient satisfaction tool in outpatient physiotherapy settings were included.

Methodology: The process of data extraction was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (2009).

Results: Consensus based standards for the selection of health status measurement instruments (COSMIN) scoring quantified psychometric property of each study as excellent, good, and fair. 8 studies reflected fair scoring of Cronbach alpha, 3 studies showed excellent whereas, 2 appeared to be poor.

Conclusion: The COSMIN scoring quantified multiple patient satisfaction tools. However, no gold standard was found. Nevertheless, physiotherapists working in out-patient care can increase the efficiency of patient-centered treatment by identifying and maximizing these patient satisfaction tool determinants.
PREVALENCE OF SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AMONG STUDENTS OF COLLEGES OF REHABILITATION SCIENCES
Authors: Zahid Mehreen
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND AND AIM
Smartphones have become an essential tool now days that impact psychologically as well as physically to the user. This study rules out smartphone excess usage and its addiction amongst pupil from Colleges of Rehabilitation Sciences

METHODOLOGY
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 260 medical students out of which 50 dropped out later. Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) was used to assess the level of smartphone addiction amongst these individuals.
RESULTS
The statistical value of mean is 1.48 for both the genders whereas the statistical value of mean for age ranging from 20-25 years is 21.7 and the standard deviation is 0.50 for gender and 1.38 for the included age group. Only 7 participants (3.3%) were found to have low smartphone addiction level, 108 participants (51.4%) to be moderately addicted and 95 participants (45.2%) to have higher addiction.

CONCLUSION
The excessive use of smartphone was significant among the individuals aged 22 years and more specifically the more males than the females were found to be more addicted by smartphone. Our findings may help in the development of policies and guidelines which should be followed by the students to improve their quality of life and mental health issues such as depression and anxiety.
PREVALENCE OF STRESS AMONG PHYSICAL THERAPY STUDENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Ashraf Dr. Naila Afzal , Sahar Sana
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND
Stress may lead to hypertension, tachycardia and hormonal variations; it has both positive and negative effects on human body to cope up with the destructive responses of distress that alters the internal and external environment of the body

OBJECTIVES
To assess the prevalence of stress among the undergraduate DPT students of private and public sector universities of Karachi Pakistan.
METHODOLOGY
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the undergraduate Doctor of Physical Therapy students of public and private sector universities. Random sampling technique was used for enrolment of participants. The data was collected from 318 students through Student Stress Inventory (SSI) tool and analyzed on SPSS version 20.
RESULTS
The prevalence of stress among the participants was 11.5% from Karachi University, 55.0 % from Ziauddin University and 33.3% from JPMC. Total participants included were 261 females and 51 males. Around 53.8% were suffering from moderate stress, 25.8% with mild stress. Moreover public and private sector stress level lie at moderate category
CONCLUSION
The study revealed that moderate level of stress was found among the majority of undergraduate DPT students. The stress level in private sector is calculated as 55.0 % where as 44.9% is found in public sector.
ROLE OF PHYSICAL THERAPY TREATMENT IN ANTENATAL CARE
Authors: Baqir Syeda Rida , Sayyar Hafiza Tuseef , Aslam Shafaq
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND
Different types of physical therapy treatment interventions like postural guidance, nutritional guidance, and exercises performed by antenatal patients could have advantageous effects on pregnant women and fetus.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the role of different physical therapy treatments in the antenatal patient.
SEARCH STRATEGY
A Literature search is done through PubMed, Google Scholar and the Institute for Scientific data (ISI) net of Knowledge on the consequences of physical exertion throughout pregnancy on maternal and baby outcomes was performed. The knowledge about physical exercises during pregnancy is not clear. This review article is designed to explore the interventions of physical exercises during pregnancy in healthy normal women.
SUMMARY
Physical therapy is very essential for antenatal women to maintain their health during pregnancy. It has been documented that physical exercises are safe for the fetus and in long term by improving the quality of life of pregnant women. Healthy pregnant women should perform and continue regular physical exercises on daily basis by following the recommended guidelines. All pregnant women who are not facing any complications in their pregnancy should be encouraged to contribute to aerobic and strengthening exercises. Antenatal women undergo many body changes during their pregnancy for example weight gain which alters balance and coordination. The goal of physical exercises during pregnancy to maintain good health and fitness. Physical exercises during pregnancy should reduce the risk of back pain, constipation, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia and cesarean delivery. However, physical exercises promote healthy weight gain, improve general fitness, and strengthen heart and blood vessels, and helps to reduce the weight of the baby after pregnancy.
Renal Infarction and Decreased Splenic Perfusion Secondary to a Left Ventricular Thrombus: A Case Report
Authors: Bhatia Sahib , Chamoun Salim , Sidhu Ashwin , Zafar Muhammad , Ranasinghe Nalin , Ranasinghe Leonard
Published: July 2021

We report a case of a 67-year-old man who presented to urgent care with a one-week history of left-sided abdominal pain and oliguria. Over the past month, he reported feeling fatigued as well as noticed decreased urine output. The patient does have a significant cardiac medical history that includes coronary artery disease with a previous myocardial infarction, reduced ejection fraction, and hypertension. Imaging studies were conducted which revealed the likely etiology of his current symptoms. A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) revealed the presence of a large non-mobile apical thrombus occupying most of the apex of the left ventricle. Computed Tomography (CT) confirmed an apical left ventricular thrombus and showed decreased perfusion to the spleen and ischemia/infarction of the left kidney. The patient was initially treated with heparin but subsequently given enoxaparin with bridging to warfarin. He began to feel better with less left flank pain. Although this presentation of an LV thrombus is a rare occurrence, it is important for physicians to consider abdominal pain as a presenting complaint.
Palliative Modified Radical Mastectomy to Improve Quality of Life by Decreasing Disease Burden: A Case Report
Authors: Rostami Sohayla , Ladd Seth , Stewart Linda , Battista Jackie
Published: July 2021

In cases of advanced pathology, palliative medicine is able to confer a great deal of relief to the patient. In the same light, surgical intervention is able to provide increased quality of life in cases of extensive disease burden, providing palliation where curative measures cannot be achieved. In the case study therein, a patient presents with metastatic breast cancer with a localized fungating mass contributing to severe local and systemic symptomatology. In this setting, invasive management of her disease allowed for clinical improvement of the patient when medical management alone was not sufficient. The patient quickly demonstrated recovery of her symptoms in the post-operative phase when the local disease was resected. The utilization of invasive measures, as seen in this case, further proves the importance of multidisciplinary palliative care where surgical measures are included in patient care.
Short Term Survival of Extreme Preterm Newborns at 23–26 Weeks’ Gestation in a Middle East Modern Referral Maternity Hospital
Authors: Mansour Ashraf , Salama Husam , Alomar Sufwan , Ahmed Sabry , Mahmoud Nazla , Paramban Ratheesh , Mahma Mohamed
Published: July 2021

Background: Caring about ELBW newborns at the limit of viability is demanding with a high rate of mortality and long-term morbidity. Society expectations become high and persistent while health care coast inside NICU is very high.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the short-term survival (till discharge) of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) newborns at limits of viability 23–26 weeks gestation (WG) age in a large tertiary maternity hospital.
Methods: A population-based retrospective study of babies born at 23–26 WG age over 3 years period.
Results: Over the study period 2016 to mid-2018, a total of 283 ELBW newborns were delivered in our institute. Of those, 250 were admitted to NICU (88%). The number of newborns who survived till discharge from NICU was 174 (61.5%) while the rate of delivery room death was 33 newborns (11.75%). The survival rates during 2016–2018 period were 35%, 64%, 73%, and 81.4% for 23, 24, 25, and 26 WG respectively. 76 newborns (26.9%) of NICU admissions died before discharge. Most deaths occurred during the first two weeks of life (64%). The main cause of death inside the NICU during the first 2 weeks was respiratory failure, followed by infection.
Conclusion: Counseling Parent using local data become more convincing and reflecting local experience. Short term survival rate of ELBW is comparable to those reported in the literature. The first two weeks are very crucial where the mortality rate is highest.
English Personal Pronouns as a Manipulation Strategy in Political Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors:   University of Baghdad - College of languages - Department of English language, Muhammad Jasim Raid , S. Mustafa Sabah ,   University of Baghdad - College of languages - Department of English language
Published: July 2021

Manipulation is a discursive concept which plays a key role in political discourse by which politicians can impose some impact on their recipients through using linguistic features, most prominent of which are personal pronouns (Van Dijk, 1995). The aim of this study is to investigate how politicians utilize the personal pronouns, namely; We and I and their possessive forms as a tool of manipulating the audience's mind based on Van Dijk's "ideological square" which shows positive-self representation and negative-other representation (Van Dijk,1998:p.69). To this end, American President Donald Trump's 2020 State of the Union speech was chosen to be the data of analysis. Only (8) examples out of (226) extracts of his speech involving the use the personal pronouns along with their indications were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results reveal that Trump uses these pronouns to exercise an ideological influence on his audience, basically to present himself positively. The study concludes that Trump strategically uses personal pronouns as a functional indication of collectivity, nationalism, and direct/shared responsibility. Findings might help linguists and political analysts to understand how politicians have the ability to exploit the linguistic characteristics in their language to fulfill their ends manipulatively.
A Feminist Discourse Analysis of Writer's Gender Biases about Violence Against Women
Authors:   University of Baghdad - College of Languages – Department of English Language, Jamal Fadhil Dhafar , Rezq Allah May Stephan ,   University of Baghdad - College of Languages – Department of English Language
Published: July 2021

The present study is concerned with the writer's ideologies towards violence against women. The study focuses on analyzing violence against women in English novel to see the extent the writers are being affected and influenced by their genders. It also focuses on showing to what extent the writer's ideologies are reflected in their works. Gender influences social groups ideologies; therefore, when a writer discusses an issue that concerns the other gender, they will be either subjective or objective depending on the degree of influence, i.e., gender has influenced their thoughts as well as behaviors. A single fact may be presented differently by different writers depending on the range of affectedness by ideologies. The study aims to uncover the hidden gender-based ideologies by analyzing the discursive structure of a novel based on Van Dijk's model (2000) of ideology and racism. The selected novel is based on discussing violence against women. The study will later on reveal the real writer’s gender-based ideologies and whether the writer is a feminist or an anti-feminist? Or Is he prejudiced? Or Is he biased?