bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Collection of New Dwarf Galaxies in NGC 5128’s Western Halo
Authors: Taylor Matthew A. , Eigenthaler Paul , Puzia Thomas H. , Muñoz Roberto P. , Ribbeck Karen X. , Zhang Hong-Xin , Ordenes-Briceño Yasna , Bovill Mia Sauda
Published: October 2018

We report the photometric properties of 16 dwarf galaxies, 15 of which are newly identified, in the Western halo of the nearby giant elliptical galaxy NGC 5128. All of the candidates are found at projected distances ∼100–225 kpc from their giant host, with luminosities−10.82 ≤ M

V
/mag ≤ −7.42 and effective radii 4″ ≲ r
eff ≲ 17″ (or 75 ≲ r
eff/pc ≲ 300 at the distance of NGC 5128). We compare them to other low-mass dwarf galaxies in the local universe and find that they populate the faint/compact extension of the size–luminosity relation that was previously not well-sampled by dwarf galaxies in the Centaurus A system, with optical colors similar to compact stellar systems like globular clusters and ultra-compact dwarf galaxies despite having much more diffuse morphologies. From optical u′g′r′i′z′ photometry, stellar masses are estimated to be

, with colors that show them to fall redward of the dwarf galaxy mass–metallicity relation. These colors suggest star formation histories that require some mechanism that would give rise to extra metal enrichment such as primordial formation within the halos of their giant galaxy hosts, non-primordial star formation from previously enriched gas, or extended periods of star formation leading to self-enrichment. We also report the existence of at least two sub-groups of dwarf candidates, each subtending ≲15′ on the sky, corresponding to projected physical separations of 10–20 kpc. True physical associations of these groups, combined with their potentially extended star formation histories, would imply that they may represent dwarf galaxy groups in the early stage of interaction upon infall into a giant elliptical galaxy halo in the very nearby universe.
Knowledge and anticipated behavior of health care workers in response to an outbreak of pandemic influenza in Georgia
Authors: Butsashvili Maia , Triner Wayne , Kamkamidze George , Kajaia Maia , McNutt Louise-Anne
Published: October 2018

Background: Avian influenza has been documented in over 331 humans since 2003 with 203 associated deaths. Health Care Workers (HCWs) have been shown to be at personal risk during other highly virulent outbreaks with a high attack rate. This study aimed to determine the magnitude and factors associated with absenteeism of hospital based health care workers (HCWs) in Georgia associated with a potential highly virulent influenza pandemic.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study of how HCWs responded to a potentially highly virulent influenza pandemic in two urban hospitals in Georgia. Hospital based physicians and nurses were studied. Data was collected utilizing a survey instrument. The survey was either self-administered or interviewer administered based upon the preference of the respondent.
Results: There were 288 HCWs surveyed. The study suggested a 23% rate of worker absenteeism, predominately among women and nurses. The majority of the respondents (58.1%), mostly HCWs less than age 35, were opposed to forced isolation or quarantine of staff during a highly virulent influenza pandemic. Seventy-six percent of respondents correctly reported that the strain of virus that was responsible for the outbreaks in the neighboring countries was H5N1. Only 15.5% of respondents, however, correctly identified influenza as the culprit virus.
Conclusions: The rate of work absenteeism suggested by this study represents a significant workforce reduction. There are specific groups who would choose not to attend work in the face of a flu pandemic. This information may allow planners to target these specific groups for education and social support services to encourage greater inclination to attend to clinical duties.
Repenser la démocratie, pas sans la psychanalyse
Authors: Victoria Bernard
Published: October 2018

L’auteur s’attache ici à démontrer que la psychanalyse est non seulement concernée par le mode d’organisation du gouvernement des Hommes, mais surtout qu’en tant qu’expérience éthique, elle est déjà orientée vers une certaine conception de la politique. Après un bref examen du régime représentatif actuel, l’article soutiendra la thèse que l’éthique de la psychanalyse ne peut conduire qu’à une conception de la politique bien précise : la démocratie.
Que reste-t-il de la politique après Mai 68 ?
Authors: Thébaud Jean-Loup , Fœssel Michaël , Mongin Olivier
Published: October 2018

Mai 68, au-delà des grèves et des violences, fut l’expérience sensible d’un désinvestissement de la machine sociale qui permit de parler de tout, qui remit en question l’idée d’une avant-garde intellectuelle et qui joua un rôle d’éducateur politique.
Économisation ou expérimentalisme dans le droit privé sectoriel de l’Union européenne ?
Authors: Svetiev Yane
Published: October 2018

Cette contribution conteste l’argument selon lequel le contenu et les institutions du droit privé de l’Union européenne sont strictement circonscrits par une rationalité de marché. Une telle thèse adresse une critique plus large à l’égard de l’intégration juridique fonctionnelle de l’Union européenne, mais, dans le même temps, elle tend à obscurcir les pressions transformatives sous-jacentes qui s’exercent sur le droit privé, la réglementation et le rôle que jouent le droit de l’Union européenne et la gouvernance pour faire face à de telles pressions. Cet article propose un nombre de contre-discours tirés d’exemples de secteurs réglementés, comprenant les télécommunications et l’énergie, afin de mettre en évidence leurs caractéristiques expérimentales. Ces contre-discours démontrent que le droit privé de l’Union européenne s’est construit à travers un processus de corrections d’erreurs, qui permet une adaptation mutuelle entre les instruments et une hybridation des objectifs publics aux niveaux européen et local. Les assemblages de l’autonomie et de la réglementation plus finement dessinés qui en résultent, répondent à des problèmes concrets identifiés ou à des objectifs de politique devenus récemment saillants. Si nous analysons la différenciation fonctionnelle à travers le prisme de la spécialisation des objectifs et des instruments, une attention excessive sur l’allocation des compétences dans le cadre de la gouvernance multi-niveaux ne fait que renforcer les schémas habituels d’action pour les acteurs européens et nationaux. Un abandon du fétichisme du marché concurrentiel ne signifie pas un abandon du marché, mais la reconnaissance que les marchés ne sont rien d’autre que des institutions sociales et qu’il n’existe pas de méthode optimale pour discipliner les acteurs du marché. Par conséquent, si les marchés sont toujours des évolutions constantes plutôt que des points de convergence, le droit privé réglementaire de l’Union européenne peut être vu comme une plate-forme pour construire des marchés transnationaux à travers des institutions innovantes qui promeuvent différents engagements normatifs et de politique publique, en dépit des interdépendances qui pourraient les miner.
Continuous Professional Development
Authors: DiMauro Nancy M
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Background: Lifelong learning is a requirement for all nurses. Structured continuing education programs are just one method of acquiring knowledge. Non-structured, self-directed methods of development often are overlooked in this process.

Method: This article presents suggestions for self-assessment and non-structured methods of professional development for professional developers.

Results/Conclusion: By following the suggestions presented in this article, professional developers can assess their true learning needs and identify useful methods to develop themselves professionally.
Comparison of an electromagnetic and an electrohydraulic lithotripter: Efficacy, pain and complications
Authors: Bianchi Grazia , Marega Diego , Knez Roberto , Bucci Stefano , Trombetta Carlo
Published: October 2018

Introduction. We analyzed efficacy and complications of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and analgesia requirement during the treatment in two groups of patients treated with different lithotripters. Materials and methods. The patients treated were 189, 102 between September 2016 and April 2017 with HMT Lithotron® LITS 172, electrohydraulic, and 87 between May and September 2017 with Storz Medical Modulith® SLK, electromagnetic. The main differences between the lithotripters are: type of energy source, patient position, frequency and number of shock waves. All the patients underwent sonography before and four to eight weeks after the treatment. The targeting was sonographic for renal stones and X-ray for ureteral stones. All the patients received Ketorolac before the treatment with a supplement of Pethidine if needed. People lost to follow-up and with incomplete data were excluded. Results. We enrolled 173 patients, 94 treated with the electrohydraulic lithotripter and 79 with the electromagnetic one. 43 patients (54%) in the electromagnetic group and 31 (33%) in the electrohydraulic group were stone free or presented clinically insignificant residual fragments (CIRFs), defined as asymptomatic, noninfectious, ≤ 3 mm. The association between CIRFs and the kind of lithotripter was statistically significant (p = 0.004). An increased need for analgesia was found in 14.9% of patients in the electromagnetic group and in 81% of patients in the electrohydraulic group (p < 0.001). The access to emergency room (intractable pain, kidney failure, fever, Steintrasse) after the treatment was similar in the two groups (p = 0.37). Conclusions. The best results in stones fragmentation and less analgesia requirement were demonstrated in the electromagnetic lithotripter group. No differences were demonstrated considering the need for emergency room after the treatment
Feasibility study for interspecialistic collaboration in active research of urothelial neoplasms of professional origin
Authors: Stopponi Roberta , Caraceni Enrico , Marronaro Angelo , Fabiani Andrea , Massacesi Stefania , Totò Anna Rita , Calisti Roberto
Published: October 2018

Introduction: In Italy only a small fraction of cancer is reported to the supervisory body and recognised as professional by the insurance institution. Among the causes of this sub-notification, especially for lowgrade etiologic fractional cancers such as bladder cancers are the lack of knowledge of carcinogenicity in the occupational field and the consequent incomplete medical history collections. Objectives: Diagnosis of occupational bladder neoplasms and activation of systematic surveillance of tumors of professional origin through an "active research" program. Methods: From July 2010 to July 2017, all patients diagnosed with Bladder Cancer in the departments of Urology of Area Vasta 3 ASUR Marche underwent a first interview and a further anamnestic study in selected cases.When an occupational exposure was recognised, more information for preventive, social security and criminal justice has been acquired. Results: The study highlighted 18 cases of bladder tumors due to occupational exposure to aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are the most important risk factor for BC after tobacco smoking. Conclusions: Our study confirmed that active research is an useful tool both for the activation of epidemiological surveillance and for the regional registration of professional tumors. In addition active research of occupational exposure allow obtaining information that can be used for preventive purposes, for criminal justice and for the initiation of medico-legal actions and improvement of working conditions aimed at guaranteeing workers' rights.
Intraoperative ultrasound in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: State of the art
Authors: Di Cosmo Giacomo , Verzotti Enrica , Silvestri Tommaso , Lissiani Andrea , Knez Roberto , Pavan Nicola , Rizzo Michele , Trombetta Carlo , Liguori Giovanni
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) is of one of the most studied fields in urology due to the balancing between renal function preservation and oncological safety of the procedure. Aim of this short review is to report the state of the art of intra-operative ultrasound as an operative tool to improve localization of small renal masses partially or completely endophytic during robotassisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). Material and methods: We performed a literature review by electronic database on Pubmed about the use of intra-operative US in RAPN to evaluate the usefulness and the feasibility of this procedure. Results: Several studies analyzed the use of different US probes during RAPN. Among them some focused on using contrastenhanced ultra sonography (CEUS) for improving the dynamic evaluation of microvascular structure allowing the reduction of ischemia time (IT). We reported that nowaday the use of intraoperative US during RAPN could be helpful to improve the preservation of renal tissue without compromising oncological safety. Moreover, during RAPN there is no need for assistant to hand the US probe increasing surgeon autonomy. Conclusions: The use of a robotic ultrasound probe during partial nephrectomy allows the surgeon to optimize tumor identification with maximal autonomy, and to benefit from the precision and articulation of the robotic instrument during this key step of the partial nephrectomy procedure. Moreover US could be useful to reduce ischemia time (IT). The advantages of nephron-sparing surgery over radical nephrectomy is well established with a pool of data providing strong evidence of oncological and survival equivalency. With the progressive growth of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) techniques, the use of several tools has been progressively developed to help the surgeon in the identification of masses and its vascular net. In this short review we tried to analyze the current use of intra-operative ultrasound as an operative tool to improve localization of small renal masses partially or completely endophytic during RAPN.
Voorwoord
Authors: Oberholzer J.P.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Nuwere ontwikkelings op die gebied van sistematiese teologie
Authors: Engelbrecht B.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Die Calvinisme vandag
Authors: Pont A.D.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Kategese en Eksistensieteologie
Authors: Beukes M.J. Du P.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Ortodokse fundamentalisme en die gebruik van die Ou Testament in Suid Afrika
Authors: Loader J.A.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Die ampte in die huidige tydsgewrig met die oog op groter differensiasie
Authors: Beukes M.J. Du P.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Ou-Testamentiese perspektiewe oor politieke en sosio-ekonomiese mag
Authors: Loader J.A.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Boekbespreking
Authors: Dreyer P.S. , Loader J.A. , Van der Merwe P.J. , Koekemoer P.J. Theo , Oberholzer J.P.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Does ozone administration have a protective or therapeutic effect against radiotherapy-induced testicular injury?
Authors: Aydogdu Ibrahim , Ilbey Yusuf Ozlem , Coban Ganime , Ekin Rahmi Gokhan , Mirapoglu Semih Lutfi , Cay Ali , Kiziltan Huriye Senay , Ekin Zubeyde Yildirim , Silay Mesrur Selcuk , Semerci Mehmet Bulent
Published: October 2018

Objective:

We investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of ozone therapy (OT) in radiotherapy (RT)-induced testicular damage.

Methods:

Thirty healthy adult male Wistar rats divided into five groups consisting of six animals each as follows: (1) Control (C), (2) RT, (3) OT, (4) OT + RT, and (5) RT + OT group. Histopathological findings, Johnsen scores, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were evaluated.

Results:

RT caused a significant decrease in testicular weight and Johnsen score compared to the control group. In addition, TBARS level was significantly higher, whereas GSH, SOD, catalase, and GPx levels were significantly lower in the RT group when compared to the control group. Pre and postRT OT significantly increased GSH, SOD, catalase, and GPx levels and decreased TBARS level. Furthermore, testicular weight and Johnsen score were increased with OT.

Conclusions:

The present study showed that OT is protective and therapeutic in radiation-induced testicular damage. OT may be beneficial to the patients who underwent RT.
Economic Cost of Schizophrenia in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
Authors: Oloniniyi Ibidunni Olapeju , Akinsulore Adesanmi , Aloba Olutayo Olubunmi , Mapayi Boladale Moyosore , Oginni Olakunle Ayokunmi , Makanjuola Roger
Published: October 2018

Objectives: This study evaluated the economic cost of schizophrenia in Nigerian patients and identified factors that influence cost. Methods: A total of 100 participants with schizophrenia were assessed using the modified economic cost questionnaire, the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview, the positive and negative syndrome scale, the Liverpool University Neuroleptic side-effect rating scale, and the global assessment of functioning scale. Associations between sociodemographic characteristics, illness-related variables and direct, indirect, and total costs of schizophrenia were assessed. Results: The average annual total, direct, and indirect costs of the treatment were $818.48, $349.59, and $468.89, respectively, per patient. The direct cost constituted 42.7%, while the indirect cost was 57.3% of the total costs of treatment. Hospitalization was the leading contributor to the direct cost, while productivity loss was a major component of the indirect cost. Conclusion: Schizophrenia is an expensive disease in Nigeria, measures to reduce hospitalization could significantly reduce the cost of illness to the patient and their relatives.
Molecular Diagnosis of Microsporidia among Immunocompromised Patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Authors: Hassan Nur-Amirah , Lim Yvonne A. L. , Mahmud Rohela , Mohd-Shaharuddin Norashikin , Wan Sulaiman Wan Yusoff , Ngui Romano
Published: October 2018

Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasitic fungi causing chronic diarrhea, particularly among immunocompromised patients. The current method used for diagnosis is based on conventional microscopy, which does not differentiate parasites at the species level. The present study was carried out to identify microsporidian species in immunocompromised patients. From March 2016 to March 2017, a total of 289 archived stool samples were examined microscopically for microsporidian spores using Gram-chromotrope Kinyoun (GCK) stain. Positive stool samples by microscopy were subjected to polymerase chain reaction and sequencing for species identification. Based on microscopy examination, the overall prevalence of microsporidian infections was 32.2% (93/289; 95% CI = 27.1–37.8). Of these stool samples, 45 samples were successfully amplified and confirmed as Enterocytozoon bieneusi. No Encephalitozoon intestinalis was detected. Accurate identification of species might help clinicians to decide appropriate management strategies as dissemination risks and treatment response vary for different species, hence improving the management of microsporidian infections.
Effect of stocking density on behavioral traits, blood biochemical parameters and immune responses in meat ducks exposed to heat stress
Authors: Park Byung-Sung , Um Kyung-Hwan , Park Sang-O , Zammit Victor A.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. High stocking density (HSD) and heat stress (HS) caused by climate change can
lower blood homeostasis and negatively impact the behavioral traits of animals. The
objective of this study was to explore the influence of stocking densities on
behavioral traits, blood parameters, immune responses, and stress hormones in
meat ducks (Cherry valley, Anas platyrhynchos) exposed to HS. A total
of 320 meat ducks were assigned to four groups with different stocking
densities using a randomized complete block design. The ducks were then reared for 42 days.
The assigned density groups were as follows: (1) control group (CON,
three birds m−2, normal environmental heat conditions); (2) low stocking
density (LSD, three birds m−2, heat stress conditions); (3) medium stocking
density (MSD, four birds m−2, heat stress conditions); and (4) high
stocking density (HSD, six birds m−2, heat stress conditions). To induce
HS, the environment of the poultry house was set to a temperature of 34±2∘C with a relative humidity of 70 % from 11:00 to 16:00 for the finisher period (from day 22 to day 42 of the rearing period).
Concentrations of blood triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and
alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were higher in the HS groups compared with
the CON group, with HSD showing the highest levels (P < 0.05).
The concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and glucose were lower in the HSD groups than in the
CON group (P<0.05). Red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) counts were
lower in HS groups compared with the CON group, with the HSD group displaying the lowest
counts (P<0.05). Blood pH values were also higher in the HS groups than
in the CON group, with the highest values observed in the HSD group (P<0.05).
Concentrations of blood
pCO2, HCO3, and TCO2 were higher in the HS groups than in the CON group, with
HSD showing the lowest levels (P<0.05). The concentration of
PO2 was higher in CON than in any of the HS groups, with the lowest levels found in the HSD
group (P<0.05). The concentrations of blood IgG and
corticosterone were increased in the HS groups compared with the CON group (P<0.05). Animal behavioral trait scores were also higher in HS groups
than in the CON group (P<0.05); these scores were the highest in the HSD group.
Overall, animal behavioral traits, blood biochemical parameters, and immune
responses in meat ducks exposed to heat stress were highest in the HSD group, but
not significantly different between the LSD or MSD groups.
Long-range transport impacts on surface aerosol concentrations and the contributions to haze events in China: an HTAP2 multi-model study
Authors: Dong Xinyi , Fu Joshua S. , Zhu Qingzhao , Sun Jian , Tan Jiani , Keating Terry , Sekiya Takashi , Sudo Kengo , Emmons Louisa , Tilmes Simone , Jonson Jan Eiof , Schulz Michael , Bian Huisheng , Chin Mian , Davila Yanko , Henze Daven , Takemura Toshihiko , Benedictow Anna Maria Katarina , Huang Kan
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Haze has been severely affecting the densely populated areas in China
recently. While many of the efforts have been devoted to investigating the
impact of local anthropogenic emission, limited attention has been paid to
the contribution from long-range transport. In this study, we apply
simulations from six participating models supplied through the Task Force on
Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution phase 2 (HTAP2) exercise to
investigate the long-range transport impact of Europe (EUR) and
Russia–Belarus–Ukraine (RBU) on the surface air quality in eastern Asia
(EAS), with special focus on their contributions during the haze episodes in
China. The impact of 20 % anthropogenic emission perturbation from the
source region is extrapolated by a factor of 5 to estimate the full impact.
We find that the full impacts from EUR and RBU are 0.99 µg m−3
(3.1 %) and 1.32 µg m−3 (4.1 %) during haze episodes,
while the annual averaged full impacts are only 0.35 µg m−3
(1.7 %) and 0.53 µg m−3 (2.6 %). By estimating the aerosol
response within and above the planetary boundary layer (PBL), we find that
long-range transport from EUR within the PBL contributes to 22–38 % of the
total column density of aerosol response in EAS. Comparison with the HTAP
phase 1 (HTAP1) assessment reveals that from 2000 to 2010, the long-range
transport from Europe to eastern Asia has decreased significantly by a factor
of 2–10 for surface aerosol mass concentration due to the simultaneous
emission reduction in source regions and emission increase in the receptor
region. We also find the long-range transport from the Europe and RBU regions
increases the number of haze events in China by 0.15 % and 0.11 %, and
the North China Plain and southeastern China has 1–3 extra haze days (<3 %). This study is the first investigation into the contribution of
long-range transport to haze in China with multi-model experiments.
Doppler W-band polarization diversity space-borne radar simulator for wind studies
Authors: Battaglia Alessandro , Dhillon Ranvir , Illingworth Anthony
Published: October 2018

Abstract. CloudSat observations are used in combination with collocated European Centre
for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis to simulate space-borne
W-band Doppler observations from slant-looking radars. The simulator also
includes cross-polarization effects which are relevant if the Doppler
velocities are derived from polarization diversity pulse pair correlation. A
specific conically scanning radar configuration (WIVERN), recently
proposed to the ESA-Earth Explorer 10 call that aims to provide global
in-cloud winds for data assimilation, is analysed in detail in this study. One hundred granules of CloudSat data are exploited to investigate the impact
on Doppler velocity estimates from three specific effects: (1) non-uniform
beam filling, (2) wind shear and (3) crosstalk between orthogonal
polarization channels induced by hydrometeors and surface targets. Errors
associated with non-uniform beam filling constitute the most important source
of error and can account for almost 1 m s−1 standard deviation, but this
can be reduced effectively to less than 0.5 m s−1 by adopting
corrections based on estimates of vertical reflectivity gradients.
Wind-shear-induced errors are generally much smaller (∼0.2 m s−1).
A methodology for correcting these errors has been developed based on
estimates of the vertical wind shear and the reflectivity gradient. Low
signal-to-noise ratios lead to higher random errors (especially in winds) and
therefore the correction (particularly the one related to the wind-shear-induced error) is less effective at low signal-to-noise ratio. Both errors
can be underestimated in our model because the CloudSat data do not fully
sample the spatial variability of the reflectivity fields, whereas the ECMWF
reanalysis may have smoother velocity fields than in reality (e.g. they
underestimate vertical wind shear). The simulator allows for quantification of the average number of accurate
measurements that could be gathered by the Doppler radar for each polar
orbit, which is strongly impacted by the selection of the polarization
diversity H−V pulse separation, Thv. For WIVERN a selection close to
20 µs (with a corresponding folding velocity equal to 40 m s−1)
seems to achieve the right balance between maximizing the number of accurate
wind measurements (exceeding 10 % of the time at any particular level in
the mid-troposphere) and minimizing aliasing effects in the presence of high
winds. The study lays the foundation for future studies towards a thorough
assessment of the performance of polar orbiting wide-swath W-band Doppler
radars on a global scale. The next generation of scanning cloud radar systems
and reanalyses with improved resolution will enable a full capture of the
spatial variability of the cloud reflectivity and the in-cloud wind fields,
thus refining the results of this study.
Macrofaunal burrowing enhances deep-sea carbonate lithification on the Southwest Indian Ridge
Authors: Xu Hengchao , Peng Xiaotong , Chen Shun , Li Jiwei , Dasgupta Shamik , Ta Kaiwen , Du Mengran
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Deep-sea carbonates represent an important type of sedimentary
rock due to their effect on the composition of the upper oceanic crust and
their contribution to deep-sea geochemical cycles. However, the role of
deep-sea macrofauna in carbonate lithification remains poorly understood. A
large lithified carbonate area, characterized by thriving benthic faunas and
a tremendous amount of burrows, was discovered in 2008, blanketing the
seafloor of the ultraslowly spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). Benthic
inhabitants – including echinoids, polychaetes, gastropods and crustaceans –
are abundant in this carbonate lithified area. The burrowing features within
these carbonate rocks, as well as the factors that may influence deep-sea carbonate
lithification, were examined. We suggest that burrowing in these carbonate
rocks enhances deep-sea carbonate lithification. We propose that active
bioturbation may trigger the dissolution of the original calcite and thus
accelerate deep-sea carbonate lithification on mid-ocean ridges. Macrofaunal
burrowing provides a novel driving force for deep-sea carbonate lithification
at the seafloor, illuminating the geological and biological importance of
bioturbation in global deep-sea carbonate rocks.
Measuring decadal vertical land-level changes from SRTM-C (2000) and TanDEM-X ( ∼ 2015) in the south-central Andes
Authors: Purinton Benjamin , Bookhagen Bodo
Published: October 2018

Abstract. In the arctic and high mountains it is common to measure vertical changes of
ice sheets and glaciers via digital elevation model (DEM) differencing. This
requires the signal of change to outweigh the noise associated with the
datasets. Excluding large landslides, on the ice-free earth the land-level change
is smaller in vertical magnitude and thus requires more accurate DEMs for
differencing and identification of change. Previously, this has required
meter to submeter data at small spatial scales. Following careful
corrections, we are able to measure land-level changes in gravel-bed channels
and steep hillslopes in the south-central Andes using the SRTM-C (collected
in 2000) and the TanDEM-X (collected from 2010 to 2015) near-global 12–30 m
DEMs. Long-standing errors in the SRTM-C are corrected using the TanDEM-X as
a control surface and applying cosine-fit co-registration to remove
∼1/10 pixel (∼3 m) shifts, fast Fourier transform (FFT) and filtering to
remove SRTM-C short- and long-wavelength stripes, and blocked shifting to
remove remaining complex biases. The datasets are then differenced and
outlier pixels are identified as a potential signal for the case of gravel-bed
channels and hillslopes. We are able to identify signals of incision and
aggradation (with magnitudes down to ∼3 m in the best case) in two
>100 km river reaches, with increased geomorphic activity downstream of
knickpoints. Anthropogenic gravel excavation and piling is prominently
measured, with magnitudes exceeding ±5 m (up to >10 m for large
piles). These values correspond to conservative average rates of 0.2 to
>0.5 m yr−1 for vertical changes in gravel-bed rivers. For
hillslopes, since we require stricter cutoffs for noise, we are only able to
identify one major landslide in the study area with a deposit volume of
16±0.15×106 m3. Additional signals of change can be
garnered from TanDEM-X auxiliary layers; however, these are more difficult to
quantify. The methods presented can be extended to any region of the world
with SRTM-C and TanDEM-X coverage where vertical land-level changes are of
interest, with the caveat that remaining vertical uncertainties in primarily
the SRTM-C limit detection in steep and complex topography.
Hess Opinions: An interdisciplinary research agenda to explore the unintended consequences of structural flood protection
Authors: Di Baldassarre Giuliano , Kreibich Heidi , Vorogushyn Sergiy , Aerts Jeroen , Arnbjerg-Nielsen Karsten , Barendrecht Marlies , Bates Paul , Borga Marco , Botzen Wouter , Bubeck Philip , De Marchi Bruna , Llasat Carmen , Mazzoleni Maurizio , Molinari Daniela , Mondino Elena , Mård Johanna , Petrucci Olga , Scolobig Anna , Viglione Alberto , Ward Philip J.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. One common approach to cope with floods is the implementation of structural flood protection measures, such as levees or flood-control reservoirs, which substantially reduce the probability of flooding at the time of implementation. Numerous scholars have problematized this approach. They have shown that increasing the levels of flood protection can attract more settlements and high-value assets in the areas protected by the new measures. Other studies have explored how structural measures can generate a sense of complacency, which can act to reduce preparedness. These paradoxical risk changes have been described as levee effect, safe development paradox or safety dilemma. In this commentary, we briefly review this phenomenon by critically analysing the intended benefits and unintended effects of structural flood protection, and then we propose an interdisciplinary research agenda to uncover these paradoxical dynamics of risk.
Reflections on Race-ing the Museum, Two Years Later
Authors: Fozi Shirin , Savage Kirk
Published: October 2018

History of Art and Architecture professors and co-facilitators of the Race-ing the Museum workshop, Fozi and Savage offer insights into the workshop, its context, and its achievements.
Modern Art in the Arab World: Primary Documents
Authors: Yarmohammad Touski Golnar
Published: October 2018

Book Review: Anneka Lenssen, Sarah A. Rogers, and Nada M. Shabout. Modern Art in the Arab World: Primary Documents. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, in association with Duke University Press, 2018. 464 pp.; 49 ills.; 51 b/w ills. Paperback, $40 (1633450384, 9781633450387)
Factors Affecting the Willingness to Pay for the Protection of the Di River: an Approach Using the Box-Cox Double Hurdle Model
Authors: Ouiminga Idrissa , Tamini Lota D.
Published: October 2018

The Di River, located in West Africa between Burkina Faso and Mali, is a subject of concern to its users. Using econometric models of choice behavior, the determining factors of local populations’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the restoration of the riverbanks are either individual or collective variables. The latter variables imply that data collection focused on common characteristics of the population rather than intrinsic characteristics. Most determining factors have a positive effect on willingness to pay, which is especially observed with subjective or individual variables and reflects the very moderate investment that local populations are willing to make. However, that is also indicative of the potential to achieve sustainable management in such a way that personal factors contribute to increasing the WTP. In addition, the variable related to the level of education of a respondent reveals a willingness to pay a nonfinancial contribution for the restoration of the riverbanks and sustainable management of the resource.
2018 AAHA Infection Control, Prevention, and Biosecurity Guidelines*
Authors: Stull Jason W. , Bjorvik Erin , Bub Joshua , Dvorak Glenda , Petersen Christine , Troyer Heather L.
Published: October 2018

A veterinary team’s best work can be undone by a breach in infection control, prevention, and biosecurity (ICPB). Such a breach, in the practice or home-care setting, can lead to medical, social, and financial impacts on patients, clients, and staff, as well as damage the reputation of the hospital. To mitigate these negative outcomes, the AAHA ICPB Guidelines Task Force believes that hospital teams should improve upon their current efforts by limiting pathogen exposure from entering or being transmitted throughout the hospital population and using surveillance methods to detect any new entry of a pathogen into the practice. To support these recommendations, these practice-oriented guidelines include step-by-step instructions to upgrade ICPB efforts in any hospital, including recommendations on the following: establishing an infection control practitioner to coordinate and implement the ICPB program; developing evidence-based standard operating procedures related to tasks performed frequently by the veterinary team (hand hygiene, cleaning and disinfection, phone triage, etc.); assessing the facility’s ICPB strengths and areas of improvement; creating a staff education and training plan; cataloging client education material specific for use in the practice; implementing a surveillance program; and maintaining a compliance evaluation program. Practices with few or no ICPB protocols should be encouraged to take small steps. Creating visible evidence that these protocols are consistently implemented within the hospital will invariably strengthen the loyalties of clients to the hospital as well as deepen the pride the staff have in their roles, both of which are the basis of successful veterinary practice.
The Emergence of Growth Equity as a Private Class of Asset
Authors: Seetharaman A. , Nagarajan Shriram , Patwa Nitin , Naaz Farah , Metha Ami
Published: October 2018

This paper explores the issues in the emergence of growth equity as a private class of asset in a company portfolio. The independent variables investigated will be investment size, duration, risk and return, exit or repayment of funds, and timing. The driving factors of all five variables assist in the understanding of the emergence of growth equity. The driving factors in the paper include the availability of capital, competitiveness, regulation of the business atmosphere, stability of the firm, home-grown marketing of the products, and honesty in both regional and global trade. The paper further investigates the problems of each variable and the potential hindrance to the emergence of growth equity. The paper provides a significant contribution to corporate finance professionals and practitioners to better understand the problems and the potential in the emergence of growth equity as a private class of asset.
Phillips Curve Is a Particular Case that Economists Misinterpret the Correlation between Two Dependent Variables for Causal Relation
Authors: Ting Chao Chiung
Published: October 2018

Since labor supply and labor demand determines both employment and wage in labor market endogenously, both wage and employment, which we observe, are dependent variable in the sense of ex-post. Since unemployment is equal to labor supply minus labor demand, unemployment is dependent variable in the sense of ex-post, too. There is no causal relation between two dependent variables because independent variable explains dependent variable. Thus, the relationship between ex-post unemployment and ex-post wage in Phillips (1958) is not causal relation but correlation as meaningless as the strong correlation between ice cream sale and drowning rate. Similarly, both price and quantity we observe are determined by supply and demand endogenously in the sense of ex-post. Thus, inflation rate is dependent variable because inflation rate is the change in price level (i.e., change in the average price of all goods in the sense of ex-post). Hence, we are not permitted to explain unemployment rate by inflation rate and vice versa. As Friedman (1977) conjectured that Phillips curve is correlation which is misinterpreted for causal relation (i.e., trade-off) by economists, I conclude that Phillips curve is meaningless correlation between two dependent variables so that economic policy based on Phillips curve is invalid.
Saying “I Do” in College: Examining Marital Status and Academic Performance
Authors: M. Beard Selena , R. Langlais Michael
Published: October 2018

Marriage as an undergraduate student is not the norm, as only 7% of undergraduate students are married. Therefore, marital status may have negative consequences for college students’ academic performance, as they navigate marital roles simultaneously with other roles, such as that of student. However, relationship quality may predict how well undergraduates perform academically, with individuals in higher quality marriages performing better than those in lower quality marriages. Thus, the goal of this study is to examine how marital status predicts academic performance and whether or not relationship quality moderates this association. Data for this study comes from an online survey of undergraduate students from a university in the Midwestern United States (N = 111, 81.1% female, 87.4% White/Caucasian, 21.2% married). Results revealed that marital status is negatively associated with cumulative grade point average (GPA) and perception of GPA. There were no significant effects of relationship satisfaction, relationship communication, or the interaction of relationship quality and marital status for academic performance. Implications for academic performance and young adult development will be discussed.
Fair Treatment of the Victim in the Code of Criminal Procedure
Authors: Vahedi Hassan
Published: October 2018

Criminal justice institution undertakes the duty to investigate about legal cases and complaints, to issue the judgment and to enforce it on time through proper hearing and without any dely. Such actions can play an effective role in reducing the possibility of delinquency and victimization. As an essential element of procedure, victimization has not succeeded to recover its real right. Many criminologists have focused their researches on victims to solve the riddle of victimization and etiology of crimes. Criminologists also intended to assess victims’ roles and shares in the process of crime commission. In addition, they intend to amend criminal provisions based on a victim-based approach to protect the victims through establishing new criminal institutions. Because of this, criminal justice system will change due to the effects of revolutions of victimization considered as the central core. This has led to an increase in paying attention to the victim’s needs and rights in criminal system. The necessity of protecting the victim has not yet been recognized in Iranian statutes. This issue has not a place in criminology researches in Iran. However, we can observe the existing shortages in the area of protecting the victim and their status in Procedure Code through studying the victim’s role. The author of the present article has studied the necessity of establishing special institutions to fill the existing gaps considered by Iranian legislator in New Criminal Procedure Code 2013. The author has also dealt with the protection of victims based on literature review, library search and related sources.
The Relationship between Human Resource Management (HRM) Practices, Total Quality Management (TQM) Practices and Competitive Advantages
Authors: Obeidat Bader , Tawalbeh Hadeel Fareed , Masa’deh Ra’ed
Published: October 2018

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between human resource management (HRM) practices, total quality management (TQM) practices and competitive advantages in Telecommunication organizations in Jordan. A self-administrated questionnaire was designed and distributed over a sample of telecommunication employees of 400 employees. The percentage of filled questionnaires is 80% (320 questionnaires). The research hypotheses were tested by using multiple regressions. The study concluded that there is a relationship between human resource management practices and total quality management practices. It was also concluded that there is a relationship between total quality management practices and competitive advantage. Finally, there is a relationship between human resource management practices and competitive advantage. A number of recommendations emerged in light of the findings, is that the telecommunication organization are advised to focus more on the human resource management activities and total quality management activities that improve the utilization of competitive advantages.
Mandatory IFRS Adoption and Earnings Quality: Evidence from the UK
Authors: Almaharmeh Mohammad Issa , Masa’deh Ra’ed
Published: October 2018

This study examines the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on the quality of accounting earnings for the firms listed in London Stock Exchange. After examining 9056 firm year observations for the period from 1994 to 2013 the results suggest that the mandatory adoption of IFRS leads to higher earnings quality. This study extends the current literature that examines the consequences of mandating IFRS adoption in the UK and shows that adopting high quality accounting standards leads to high quality accounting numbers.
Accounting Measurement Revolution and Market Value
Authors: Aladwan Mohammad
Published: October 2018

The study is aims to examine whether the adoption of accounting measurement of AIS/IFRS standards has resulted in more relevant financial information for decision making or not. This study examines the use of fair value measurement on value of financial instruments to capture if there is any effect on the market value of financial companies. Ohlson (1995) framework has been employed to investigate this relationship. The Jordanian financial sector was the sample for the study during the years from 2012 to 2016. Our study findings, based on the results of correlation and multiple regression analysis showed that, market value of Jordanian financial companies is significantly positively related to financial instruments measured by fair values. The final result assured that; the new accounting measurements methods such as fair values are value relevant for Jordanian financial companiesduring all period of the study.
ARIMA Model in Predicting Banking Stock Market Data
Authors: Almasarweh Mohammad , Wadi S. AL
Published: October 2018

Banking time series forecasting gains a main rule in finance and economics which has encouraged the researchers to introduce a fit models in forecasting accuracy. In this paper, the researchers present the advantages of the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model forecasting accuracy. Banking data from Amman stock market (ASE) in Jordan was selected as a tool to show the ability of ARIMA in forecasting banking data. Therefore, Daily data from 1993 until 2017 is used for this study. As a result this article shows that the ARIMA model has significant results for short-term prediction. Therefore, these results will be helpful for the investments.
Hybrid Simulated Annealing with Meta-Heuristic Methods to Solve UCT Problem
Authors: AlHadid Issam , Kaabneh Khalid , Tarawneh Hassan
Published: October 2018

Simulated Annealing (SA) is a common meta-heuristic algorithm that has been widely used to solve complex optimization problems. This work proposes a hybrid SA with EMC to divert the search effectively to another promising region. Moreover, a Tabu list memory applied to avoid cycling. Experimental results showed that the solution quality has enhanced using SA-EMCQ by escaping the search space from local optimum to another promising region space. In addition, the results showed that our proposed technique has outperformed the standard SA and gave comparable results to other approaches in the literature when tested on ITC2007-Track3 university course timetabling datasets.
Research on the Adjustment Path of Chinese Pharmaceutical Industry Organizational Structure under the Evaluation & Approval System Reforming
Authors: Hu Jun , Wang Guangping , Shi Shengyi , Shao Rong
Published: October 2018

Objective: Drug Evaluation & Approval System Reforming (EASR) is a major initiative of the State Council’s “Delegate power and optimize service” and “random inspection and information disclosure” policies in the R&D of pharmaceutical industry. The research aims to analyze the impact of drug EASR on the Chinese pharmaceutical organizational structure since 2015. Methods: Based on the relationship analysis between EASR and the organization structure of the government and pharmaceutical industry, this paper uses the Panel Data model to analyze the relevant factors affecting the R&D organizational structure. Results and Conclusion: The results show that it is significantly and positively correlated between the clinical trial behavior and the technology incubator, the domestic technology transfer and the technology macro environment. The organizational structure optimization path of the pharmaceutical industry based on the EASR includes the specialized division, big data model, international cooperation, MAH and technology finance model.