bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PARROT: A Pilot Study on the Open Access Provision of Particle-Discrete Tomographic Datasets
Authors: Ditscherlein Ralf , Furat Orkun , Löwer Erik , Mehnert Raik , Trunk Robin , Leißner Thomas , Krause Mathias J. , Schmidt Volker , Peuker Urs A.
Published: January 2022

In the present paper, as part of an interdisciplinary research project (Priority Programme SPP2045), we propose a possible way to design an open access archive for particle-discrete tomographic datasets: the PARROT database (https://parrot.tu-freiberg.de). This archive is the result of a pilot study in the field of particle technology and three use cases are presented for illustrative purposes. Instead of providing a detailed instruction manual, we focus on the methodologies of such an archive. The presented use cases stem from our working group and are intended to demonstrate the advantage of using such an archive with concise and consistent data for potential and ongoing studies. Data and metadata merely serve as examples and need to be adapted for disciplines not concerned here. Since all datasets within the PARROT database and its source code are freely accessible, this study represents a starting point for similar projects.
The Exile of Juan José Arévalo and the Decline of Guatemala's Democratic Left, 1954–63
Authors: Culpepper Miles
Published: January 2022

This article analyzes the political afterlife of the Guatemalan Revolution of 1944-54 by relating the story of exiled political elites and their efforts to retake power in the decade following the CIA-sponsored coup of 1954. Through a thorough examination of the personal papers of Juan José Arévalo, the article argues that the demise of Guatemala's democratic left was not inevitable after 1954, but rather that the counterrevolutionary period (1954–63) was full of historical contingencies and possibilities. Factional tensions were rife among the exiled leftists, rooted especially in a debate over the culpability of Jacobo Arbenz and other radicals in the demise of the government, as well as disagreement over the proper relationship between the broader revolutionary movement and the communist Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo (PGT). This factionalism, as well as a failure to fully grasp from exile the extent to which Guatemala's political landscape had changed, ultimately rendered the movement unsuccessful in its bid to retake power. In 1963, a presidential campaign to restore Arévalo to power was ended by a military coup. The coup was a significant turning point in Guatemalan political history, after which there were few opportunities for the democratic left.
Copper Isotopic Fractionation During Seafloor Alteration: Insights From Altered Basalts in the Mariana and Yap Trenches
Authors: Guo Zixiao , Tian Heng‐Ci , Liu Yadong , Peng Xiaotong , Qin Guohong , Lv Yiwen
Published: January 2022

To further investigate copper (Cu) isotopic fractionation during seawater‐oceanic crust interactions, 13 subsamples across a basalt altering section and 12 bulk‐rock basalts from the southern Mariana and Yap trenches, western Pacific Ocean, were studied. We find that the δ65Cu values of the basalt section roughly increase from mid‐ocean ridge basalt‐like values (0.04% – 0.10%) in the core to higher values (up to 0.20%) near the core‐rim interface, and then lower values (down to −0.17%) at the rims. Isotopically light rims reflect the initial dissolution of Cu‐bearing sulfides releasing isotopically heavy Cu into ambient seawater, consistent with both lower Cu and sulfide contents in the altered rims. The elevated δ65Cu values reveal that sulfide dissolution induced a concentration‐driven diffusion from the core to rims, controlling the rim‐core‐rim Cu content and isotopic variations on centimeter scale. By contrast, the δ65Cu values of bulk‐rock basalts show a wide range (0.02% – 0.56%) with most samples enriched in heavy isotopes, and negatively correlate with Cu concentrations, indicating preferential adsorption of isotopically heavy Cu from seawater. We propose that chemical diffusion occurred prior to any adsorption processes, suggesting that a three‐stage process involving sulfide dissolution, chemical diffusion and adsorption controls Cu isotopic fractionation during seafloor basalt alteration.
Ectomycorrhizal fungi mediate belowground carbon transfer between pines and oaks
Authors: Cahanovitc Rotem , Livne-Luzon Stav , Angel Roey , Klein Tamir
Published: January 2022

Inter-kingdom belowground carbon (C) transfer is a significant, yet hidden, biological phenomenon, due to the complexity and highly dynamic nature of soil ecology. Among key biotic agents influencing C allocation belowground are ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). EMF symbiosis can extend beyond the single tree-fungus partnership to form common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs). Despite the high prevalence of CMNs in forests, little is known about the identity of the EMF transferring the C and how these in turn affect the dynamics of C transfer. Here, Pinus halepensis and Quercus calliprinos saplings growing in forest soil were labeled using a 13CO2 labeling system. Repeated samplings were applied during 36 days to trace how 13C was distributed along the tree-fungus-tree pathway. To identify the fungal species active in the transfer, mycorrhizal fine root tips were used for DNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) with 13CO2 followed by sequencing of labeled DNA. Assimilated 13CO2 reached tree roots within four days and was then transferred to various EMF species. C was transferred across all four tree species combinations. While Tomentella ellisii was the primary fungal mediator between pines and oaks, Terfezia pini, Pustularia spp., and Tuber oligospermum controlled C transfer among pines. We demonstrate at a high temporal, quantitative, and taxonomic resolution, that C from EMF host trees moved into EMF and that C was transferred further to neighboring trees of similar and distinct phylogenies.
Consideration of the reference value and number of measurements of the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio based on the prevalence of untreated home hypertension: TMM Cohort Study
Authors: Kogure Mana , Nakamura Tomohiro , Tsuchiya Naho , Hirata Takumi , Nochioka Kotaro , Narita Akira , Hatanaka Rieko , Itabashi Fumi , Kanno Ikumi , Obara Taku , Satoh Michihiro , Metoki Hirohito , Miyagawa Ken , Koshimizu Hiroshi , Nagayoshi Sho , Uruno Akira , Kikuya Masahiro , Suzuki Kichiya , Nakaya Naoki , Sugawara Junichi , Kuriyama Shinichi , Tsuji Ichiro , Kure Shigeo , Hozawa Atsushi
Published: January 2022

The sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio is known to be associated with blood pressure (BP). However, no reference value has been established since the urinary Na/K (uNa/K) ratio is known to have diurnal and day-to-day variations. Therefore, we investigated the number of days required to yield a better association between the morning uNa/K ratio and home BP (HBP) and determined a morning uNa/K ratio value that can be used as a reference value in participants who are not taking antihypertensive medication. This was a cross-sectional study using data from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Cohort Study. A total of 3122 participants borrowed HBP and uNa/K ratio monitors for 10 consecutive days. We assessed the relationship between the morning uNa/K ratio from 1 day to 10 days and home hypertension (HBP ≥ 135/85 mmHg) using multiple logistic regression models. Although a 1-day measurement of the morning uNa/K ratio was positively associated with home hypertension, multiple measurements of the morning uNa/K ratio were strongly related to home hypertension. The average morning uNa/K ratio was relatively stable after 3 days (adjusted odds ratio of home hypertension per unit increase in the uNa/K ratio for more than 3 days: 1.19–1.23). In conclusion, there was no threshold for the uNa/K ratio, and the morning uNa/K ratio was linearly associated with home hypertension. The Na/K ratio 2.0 calculated from the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese might be a good indication. Regarding the stability of the association between the morning uNa/K ratio and BP, more than 3 days of measurements is desirable.
Linking DNA repair and cell cycle progression through serine ADP-ribosylation of histones
Authors: Brustel Julien , Muramoto Tetsuya , Fumimoto Kazuki , Ellins Jessica , Pears Catherine J. , Lakin Nicholas D.
Published: January 2022

Although serine ADP-ribosylation (Ser-ADPr) by Poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerases is a cornerstone of the DNA damage response, how this regulates DNA repair and genome stability is unknown. Here, we exploit the ability to manipulate histone genes inDictyosteliumto identify that ADPr of the histone variant H3b at S10 and S28 maintains genome stability by integrating double strand break (DSB) repair with mitotic entry. Given the critical requirement for mitotic H3S10/28 phosphorylation, we develop separation of function mutations that maintain S10 phosphorylation whilst disrupting ADPr. Mechanistically, this reveals a requirement for H3bS10/28 ADPr in non-homologous end-joining by recruiting Ku to DSBs. Moreover, this also identifies H3bS10/S28 ADPr is critical to prevent premature mitotic entry with unresolved DNA damage, thus maintaining genome stability. Together, these data demonstrate how serine ADPr of histones coordinates DNA repair with cell cycle progression to maintain genome stability.
Genomic loci mispositioning in Tmem120a knockout mice yields latent lipodystrophy
Authors: Czapiewski Rafal , Batrakou Dzmitry G. , de las Heras Jose I. , Carter Roderick N. , Sivakumar Aishwarya , Sliwinska Magdalena , Dixon Charles R. , Webb Shaun , Lattanzi Giovanna , Morton Nicholas M. , Schirmer Eric C.
Published: January 2022

Little is known about how the observed fat-specific pattern of 3D-spatial genome organisation is established. Here we report that adipocyte-specific knockout of the gene encoding nuclear envelope transmembrane protein Tmem120a disrupts fat genome organisation, thus causing a lipodystrophy syndrome. Tmem120a deficiency broadly suppresses lipid metabolism pathway gene expression and induces myogenic gene expression by repositioning genes, enhancers and miRNA-encoding loci between the nuclear periphery and interior. Tmem120a−/−mice, particularly females, exhibit a lipodystrophy syndrome similar to human familial partial lipodystrophy FPLD2, with profound insulin resistance and metabolic defects that manifest upon exposure to an obesogenic diet. Interestingly, similar genome organisation defects occurred in cells from FPLD2 patients that harbour nuclear envelope protein encodingLMNAmutations. Our data indicate TMEM120A genome organisation functions affect many adipose functions and its loss may yield adiposity spectrum disorders, including a miRNA-based mechanism that could explain muscle hypertrophy in human lipodystrophy.
Retinal pigment epithelium-specific CLIC4 mutant is a mouse model of dry age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Chuang Jen-Zen , Yang Nan , Nakajima Nobuyuki , Otsu Wataru , Fu Cheng , Yang Howard Hua , Lee Maxwell Ping , Akbar Armaan Fazal , Badea Tudor Constantin , Guo Ziqi , Nuruzzaman Afnan , Hsu Kuo-Shun , Dunaief Joshua L. , Sung Ching-Hwa
Published: January 2022

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness among the elderly. Dry AMD has unclear etiology and no treatment. Lipid-rich drusen are the hallmark of dry AMD. An AMD mouse model and insights into drusenogenesis are keys to better understanding of this disease. Chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4) is a pleomorphic protein regulating diverse biological functions. Here we show that retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-specific Clic4 knockout mice exhibit a full spectrum of functional and pathological hallmarks of dry AMD. Multidisciplinary longitudinal studies of disease progression in these mice support a mechanistic model that links RPE cell-autonomous aberrant lipid metabolism and transport to drusen formation.
Differences between expert reported and patient reported burden of disease rankings
Authors: Broekharst Damien S. E. , Bloem Sjaak , Groenland Edward A. G. , van Raaij W. Fred , van Agthoven Michel
Published: January 2022

Many attempted to develop burden of disease rankings for the purpose of resource allocation, priority setting, cost-effectiveness evaluation, and service development in healthcare. As this proved difficult the World Health Organization commissioned expert panels to develop internally consistent burden of disease rankings. Although these rankings provide valuable insight in the biomedical burden of different diseases, they do not yet provide insight in the psychological burden of different diseases experienced and reported by patients on a daily basis. Since expert reported and patient reported burden of disease could differ, deviations between expert reported and patient reported burden of disease rankings are likely. To explore how these rankings differ, it is important to develop patient reported burden of disease rankings and compare these to expert reported burden of disease rankings. In this study patient reported burden of disease rankings were developed by ranking the subjective health experience of patients. To measure subjective health experience an online questionnaire was administered to a large panel of Dutch citizens. The final sample consisted of 58,490 panel members. This final sample contained 36 diseases and was largely representative of the Dutch population. The data were analysed by using reliability tests, descriptive statistics and Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients. This study shows that expert reported and patient reported burden of disease rankings could differ. Burden of cardiovascular diseases ranks low on patient reported burden of disease rankings, while it ranks higher on expert reported burden of disease rankings. Burden of psychiatric diseases and gastrointestinal diseases ranks high on patient reported burden of disease rankings, while it ranks lower on expert reported burden of disease rankings. Burden of pain diseases ranks high on patient reported burden of disease rankings, while it is still overlooked in expert reported burden of disease rankings. This study suggests that it can be beneficial to develop and utilize patient reported burden of disease rankings in addition to the already existing expert reported burden of disease rankings in order to establish a more comprehensive perspective on burden of disease. This could improve decision-making on resource allocation, priority setting, cost-effectiveness evaluation, and service development in healthcare.
Facial mask personalization encourages facial mask wearing in times of COVID-19
Authors: Palcu Johanna , Schreier Martin , Janiszewski Chris
Published: January 2022

One of the most cost-effective strategies for fighting the spread of COVID-19 is the use of facial masks. Despite health officials’ strong efforts to communicate the importance or wearing a mask, compliance has been low in many countries. In the present paper we propose a novel behavior-intervention strategy to encourage people to wear facial masks. Three studies show that the personalization of a mask, as a form of identity expression, increases mask wearing intentions and, by extension, the percentage of individuals who wear facial masks. Given that mask wearing remains a necessity after deployment of the first vaccines, novel approaches to encouraging mask wearing are essential. Linking facial mask wearing to an individual’s identity is a promising strategy.
Switchable deep eutectic solvent driven micellar extractive fermentation of ultrapure fibrin digesting enzyme from Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Muniasamy Ramya , Balamurugan Bhavani Sowndharya , Rajamahendran Devi , Rathnasamy Senthilkumar
Published: January 2022

Fibrinolytic protease (FLP) is a therapeutic enzyme used in the treatment of thrombolytic diseases. The present study proposed the concept of pH-driven swappable micellar two-phase extraction for the concurrent production and purification of FLP from Bacillus subtilis at cloud point extraction. Extractive fermentation was carried out with a pH swap mechanism and FLP was extracted to the top phase by surfactant deep eutectic solvents (SDES). Shrimp waste was chosen as a sustainable low-cost substrate that yielded a maximum protease of 185 U/mg. Six SDESs were synthesized with nonionic surfactants as hydrogen bond donors and quaternary ammonium salts as hydrogen bond acceptors and their association was confirmed by H1 NMR. Thermophysical investigation of the synthetic SDES was accomplished as a function of temperature. Response surface methodology for extractive fermentation was performed with the concentration of SADES (35% w/v), Na2SO4 (15% w/v) and pH (6.3) as variables and the enzyme activity (248 IU/mg) as a response. Furthermore, purification using gel filtration chromatography was used to quantify the amount of enzyme obtained in the extraction phase (849 IU/ml). After final purification with an anion exchange column, the maximum purity fold (22.32) with enzyme activity (1172 IU/ml) was achieved. The in-vitro fibrinolytic activity has been confirmed using a fibrin plate assay.
The impact of antimicrobial stewardship program designed to shorten antibiotics use on the incidence of resistant bacterial infections and mortality
Authors: Huang Ling-Ju , Chen Su-Jung , Hu Yu-Wen , Liu Chun-Yu , Wu Ping-Feng , Sun Shu-Mei , Lee Shih-Yi , Chen Yin-Yin , Lee Chung-Yuan , Chan Yu-Jiun , Chou Yueh-Ching , Wang Fu-Der
Published: January 2022

Reassessing the continuing need for and choice of antibiotics by using an antibiotic “time out’’ program may reduce unnecessary treatment. This study aimed to explore the effect of an antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) on the antibiotics consumption, incidence of resistant bacterial infections and overall hospital mortality in a tertiary medical center during the study period 2012–2014. An ASP composed of multidisciplinary strategies including pre-prescription approval and post-approval feedback and audit, and a major “time out’’ intervention (shorten the default antibiotic prescription duration) usage was introduced in year 2013. Consumption of antibiotics was quantified by calculating defined daily doses (DDDs). Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was used to explore the changes of antibiotics consumption before and after intervention, accounting for temporal trends that may be unrelated to intervention. Our results showed that following the intervention, DDDs showed a decreased trend in overall (in particular the major consumed penicillins and cephalosporins), in both intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU, and in non-restrictive versus restrictive antibiotics. Importantly, ITS analysis showed a significantly slope change since intervention (slope change p value 0.007), whereas the incidence of carbapenem-resistant and vancomycin-resistant pathogens did not change significantly. Moreover, annual overall mortality rates were 3.0%, 3.1% and 3.1% from 2012 to 2014, respectively. This study indicates that implementing a multi-disciplinary strategy to shorten the default duration of antibiotic prescription can be an effective manner to reduce antibiotic consumption while not compromising resistant infection incidence or mortality rates.
Prediction of diabetes mellitus induced by steroid overtreatment in adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Guarnotta Valentina , Tomasello Laura , Giordano Carla
Published: January 2022

To assess the differences between patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and prediabetes/diabetes mellitus (DM) in secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI). We cross-sectionally evaluated 102, out of a total of 140, patients with SAI, who were on hydrocortisone (HC) (n = 50) and cortisone acetate (n = 52) replacement therapy. Clinical, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters were compared in patients with NGT (n = 60) and DM (n = 42). Patients with prediabetes/DM have a more marked family history of DM (p = 0.002), BMI (p < 0.001), higher waist circumference (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p = 0.012), LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.004), triglycerides (p = 0.031), fasting glucose (p = 0.002), fasting insulin (p = 0.035), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (p = 0.018), HOMA-IR (p = 0.039), area under curves of glucose (p = 0.001) and insulin (p = 0.002), HbA1c (p < 0.001), Visceral adiposity index (VAI) (p = 0.038) and lower ISI-Matsuda (p = 0.008) and oral disposition index (p < 0.001) than patients with NGT. Multivariate analysis showed that family history of DM and VAI are independent predictive factors for DM in patients with SAI. Family history of DM and VAI can be predictors of the development of DM in patients with SAI and need to be investigated during steroid replacement therapy. Interestingly, the type and the dose of replacement steroid do not impact on diabetes mellitus.
Gradual exposure to Coriolis force induces sensorimotor adaptation with no change in peripersonal space
Authors: Leclere Nicolas X. , Sarlegna Fabrice R. , Coello Yann , Bourdin Christophe
Published: January 2022

The space immediately surrounding the body is crucial for the organization of voluntary motor actions and seems to be functionally represented in the brain according to motor capacities. However, despite extensive research, little is known about how the representation of peripersonal space is adjusted to new action capacities. Abrupt exposure to a new force field has been shown to cause the representation of peripersonal space to shrink, possibly reflecting a conservative spatial strategy triggered by consciously-perceived motor errors. The present study assessed whether the representation of peripersonal space is influenced by gradual exposure of reaching movements to a new force field, produced by a stepwise acceleration of a rotating platform. We hypothesized that such gradual exposure would induce progressive sensorimotor adaptation to motor errors, albeit too small to be consciously perceived. In contrast, we hypothesized that reachability judgments, used as a proxy of peripersonal space representation, would not be significantly affected. Results showed that gradual exposure to Coriolis force produced a systematic after-effect on reaching movements but no significant change in reachability judgments. We speculate that the conscious experience of large motor errors may influence the updating of the representation of peripersonal space.
Amino acid residue at position 188 determines the UV-sensitive bistable property of vertebrate non-visual opsin Opn5
Authors: Fujiyabu Chihiro , Sato Keita , Nishio Yukimi , Imamoto Yasushi , Ohuchi Hideyo , Shichida Yoshinori , Yamashita Takahiro
Published: January 2022

Opsins are G protein-coupled receptors specialized for photoreception in animals. Opn5 is categorized in an independent opsin group and functions for various non-visual photoreceptions. Among vertebrate Opn5 subgroups (Opn5m, Opn5L1 and Opn5L2), Opn5m and Opn5L2 bind 11-cis retinal to form a UV-sensitive resting state, which is inter-convertible with the all-trans retinal bound active state by photoreception. Thus, these opsins are characterized as bistable opsins. To assess the molecular basis of the UV-sensitive bistable property, we introduced comprehensive mutations at Thr188, which is well conserved among these opsins. The mutations in Opn5m drastically hampered 11-cis retinal incorporation and the bistable photoreaction. Moreover, T188C mutant Opn5m exclusively bound all-trans retinal and thermally self-regenerated to the original form after photoreception, which is similar to the photocyclic property of Opn5L1 bearing Cys188. Therefore, the residue at position 188 underlies the UV-sensitive bistable property of Opn5m and contributes to the diversification of vertebrate Opn5 subgroups.
fs laser-induced filament study of aliphatic nitroalkanes: correlation between molecular structure and spectroscopic evolution of the filament
Authors: Zhao Y. L. , Deng K. , Shi J. C.
Published: January 2022

fs laser-induced filament and breakdown spectroscopy can be used for studying the correlation between the molecular structure and spectroscopic evolution of the filament.
An aqueous room-temperature phosphorescent probe for Gd3+
Authors: Li Jiazhuo , Wang Ying , Jiang Xiaoming , Wu Peng
Published: January 2022

An aqueous room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) probe for Gd3+ is reported here based on the adaptive assembly between Gd3+, AMP and fluorescein, and the resultant aqueous room-temperature phosphorescence.
Neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 by dimeric side chain-to-side chain cross-linked ACE2 peptide mimetics
Authors: Zhang Yan-Ni , Zhang Yuwei , Su Shan , Zhu Han-Ying , Xu Wei , Wang Lu , Wu Meng , Chen Kai , Yu Fei-Qiang , Xi Tong-Kuai , Zhou Qin , Xie You-Hua , Qin Ximing , Ge Honghua , Lu Lu , Qing Jie , Fang Ge-Min
Published: January 2022

We reported an enhanced ACE2 peptidomimetic with high binding affinity (16 nM) to the SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD that potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in Huh7-hACE2 cells and neutralizes authentic SARS-CoV-2 in Caco2 cells.
MicroRNA detection using light-up aptamer amplification based on nuclease protection transcription
Authors: Hong Yoonseo , Kim Do-Eun , Park Yu-Jin , Kim Dong-Myung , Byun Ju-Young , Shin Yong-Beom
Published: January 2022

Here, we report a simple nuclease protection transcription assay which combines nuclease protection assay and transcription-assisted light-up aptamer amplification for detecting miRNAs with great sensitivity.
Surface sensitive infrared spectroelectrochemistry using palladium electrodeposited on ITO-modified internal reflection elements
Authors: Thi Phan Vi Thuy , Andvaag Ian R. , Boyle Nicole D. , Flaman Grace T. , Unni Bipinlal , Burgess Ian J.
Published: January 2022

Palladium, electrodeposited on indium tin oxide modified internal reflection elements, is SEIRAS active.
From fundamental to CO2 and COCl2 gas sensing properties of pristine and defective Si2BN monolayers
Authors: Thomas Siby , Madam Ajith Kulangara , Asle Zaeem Mohsen
Published: January 2022

In this work, the capability of Si2BN monolayers (Si2BN-MLs) to sense CO2 and COCl2 molecules was investigated by analyzing the structural, electronic, mechanical and gas sensing properties of defect-free and defective Si2BN-ML structures.
Recent advances in the chemistry of the phosphaethynolate and arsaethynolate anions
Authors: Basappa Suma , Bhawar Ramesh , Nagaraju D. H. , Bose Shubhankar Kumar
Published: January 2022

The unique chemistry of 2-phosphaethynolate and 2-arsaethynolate anions, heavier analogues of the cyanate anion, towards main-group elements, d- and f-block metal-based electrophiles, is summarized.
Nucleophilic addition reactions to nitrilium derivatives [B12H11NCCH3]− and [B12H11NCCH2CH3]−. Synthesis and structures of closo-dodecaborate-based iminols, amides and amidines
Authors: Laskova Julia , Ananiev Ivan , Kosenko Irina , Serdyukov Alexander , Stogniy Marina , Sivaev Igor , Grin Mikhail , Semioshkin Andrey , Bregadze Vladimir I.
Published: January 2022

Nucleophilic addition reactions to the activated triple bond of the nitrilium derivatives of the closo-dodecaborate anion were studied.
B–O–B bridged BOPPY derivatives: synthesis, structures, and acid-catalyzed cis–trans isomeric interconversion
Authors: Wang Sisi , Wang Zhaoli , Song Wenting , Gao Hu , Wu Fan , Zhao Yue , Chan Kin Shing , Shen Zhen
Published: January 2022

A new class of BOPPY derivatives has been facilely synthesized by a two-step reaction of coupling 3,5-dimethylpyrrole-2-carbaldehyde with 2,3-dihydrazinoquinoxaline (QDH) followed by coordinating with BF3·OEt2.
Rhenium-catalysed reactions in chemical synthesis: selected case studies
Authors: Olding Angus , Tang Meiqiong , Ho Curtis C. , Fuller Rebecca O. , Bissember Alex C.
Published: January 2022

This Perspective presents and discusses a selection of rhenium-catalysed carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions and rhenium-catalysed reaction cascades of allyl alcohol substrates.
Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 protects mice with osteoporosis caused by colitis via gut inflammation and gut microbiota regulation
Authors: Lan Hui , Liu Wei-Hsien , Zheng Hanying , Feng Haotian , Zhao Wen , Hung Wei-Lian , Li Hongwei
Published: January 2022

Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 intervention has a protective effect on osteoporosis caused by colitis induced by DSS, partially through changes in the gut microbiota and a decrease in inflammatory factors.
Fabrication and characterization of superior stable Pickering emulsions stabilized by propylene glycol alginate gliadin nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Yin , Xiang Siyuan , Yu Hongjin , Wang Haitao , Tan Mingqian
Published: January 2022

Gliadin/PGA nanoparticles fuse into a film on the water/oil interface and form superior, stable, high internal-phase emulsion with multi-application.
Catalytic decomposition of dibenzothiophene sulfone over K-based oxides supported on alumina
Authors: Liu Hao , Wang Yaowei , Zhang Fengqi , Xu Congcong , Liao Xiaoyuan , Jiang Yan , Lu Shuxiang
Published: January 2022

K2O/Al2O3 catalyst could exhibit a superior conversion of sulfones at a lower reaction temperature. Meanwhile, the conversion of sulfones was linearly correlated with the logarithm of the total basic sites of the catalyst.
A fully noble-metal-free electrocatalyst based on a cobalt-polyoxometalate immobilized in a layered double hydroxide for water oxidation at neutral pH
Authors: Yu Li , Liang Qin
Published: January 2022

We synthesized an immobilized catalyst [PCoW11O39]5-/Tris-LDH (Co-POM/T-LDH). This is the first time that a POM-based immobilized catalyst, devoid of any noble metal, as an efficient and durable electrocatalyst for water oxidation at neutral pH.
Targeted pH/redox dual-responsive nanoparticles for cancer chemotherapy combined with photodynamic/photothermal therapy
Authors: Li Chaohua , Chang Cong , Wang Xuelian , Xu Qingni , Chen Yuqi , Zhang Yueli , Yi Mengqi , Li Yuyang , Xiong Bei , Lu Bo
Published: January 2022

HMSNs are coated with oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA) by a pH-sensitive Schiff base bond and a redox-sensitive disulfide bond.
Fe/Co/N–C/graphene derived from Fe/ZIF-67/graphene oxide three dimensional frameworks as a remarkably efficient and stable catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Xiong Junchao , Chen Xiaohong , Zhang Yupan , Lu Yue , Liu Xundao , Zheng Yafei , Zhang Yongming , Lin Jun
Published: January 2022

Fe/Co/N–C/graphene was facilely and successfully prepared by a calcination process, which has remarkable electrocatalytic ORR activity in alkali solutions and also displays an exceptional stability for the ORR and methanol tolerance.
Pedagogical chemistry sensemaking: a novel conceptual framework to facilitate pedagogical sensemaking in model-based lesson planning
Authors: Wu Meng-Yang M. , Yezierski Ellen J.
Published: January 2022

Researchers have typically identified and characterized teachers’ knowledge bases (e.g., pedagogical content knowledge and subject matter knowledge) in an effort to improve enacted instructional strategies. As shown by the Refined Consensus Model (RCM), understanding teacher learning, beliefs, and practices is predicated on the interconnections of such knowledge bases. However, lesson planning (defined as the transformation of subject matter knowledge to enacted pedagogical content knowledge) remains underexplored despite its central position in the RCM. We aim to address this gap by developing a conceptual framework known as Pedagogical Chemistry Sensemaking (PedChemSense). PedChemSense theoretically expands upon the RCM that generates actionable guidelines to support chemsistry teachers’ lesson planning. We incorporate the constructs of sensemaking, Johnstone's triangle, and the models for perspective to provide a lesson-planning mechanism that is specific, accessible, and practical, respectively. Lesson examples from our own professional development contexts, the VisChem Institute, demonstrate the efficacy of PedChemSense. By leveraging teachers’ sensemaking of the limitations and utility of models, PedChemSense facilitates teachers’ designing for opportunities to advance their students’ chemistry conceptual understanding. Implications and recommendations for chemistry instruction and research at secondary and undergraduate levels are discussed.
Ir/f-Ampha complex catalyzed asymmetric sequential hydrogenation of enones: a general access to chiral alcohols with two contiguous chiral centers
Authors: Li Wendian , Yang Tilong , Song Nan , Li Ruihao , Long Jiao , He Lin , Zhang Xumu , Lv Hui
Published: January 2022

A general and efficient method for asymmetric sequential hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated ketones has been developed. A dynamic kinetic resolution and an outer sphere pathway were involved in this transformation.
Solvent directed chemically divergent synthesis of β-lactams and α-amino acid derivatives with chiral isothiourea
Authors: Ji Dong-Sheng , Liang Hui , Yang Kai-Xuan , Feng Zhi-Tao , Luo Yong-Chun , Xu Guo-Qiang , Gu Yucheng , Xu Peng-Fei
Published: January 2022

A protocol for the solvent directed chemically divergent synthesis of β-lactam and α-amino acid derivatives with chiral isothiourea was reported.
CO2-responsive Pickering emulsions stabilized by soft protein particles for interfacial biocatalysis
Authors: Xi Yongkang , Liu Bo , Wang Shuxin , Wei Shuheng , Yin Shouwei , Ngai To , Yang Xiaoquan
Published: January 2022

An unprecedented strategy was proposed for recycled interfacial biocatalysis in a CO2-responsive emulsion stabilized by soft protein particles. The recycled enzyme maintained its catalytic activity, with a conversion yield over 90% after 30 cycles.
Fighting metallodrug resistance through alteration of drug metabolism and blockage of autophagic flux by mitochondria-targeting AIEgens
Authors: Su Yan , Lin Hai , Tu Ying , Wang Meng-Meng , Zhang Guan-Dong , Yang Jin , Liu Hong-Ke , Su Zhi
Published: January 2022

PPh3-decorated mitochondrial-targeting AIEgens could fight metallodrug resistance through alteration of drug metabolism and blockage of autophagic flux.
Improved alkali metal ion capturing utilizing crown ether-based diblock copolymers in a sandwich-type complexation
Authors: Oral Iklima , Abetz Volker
Published: January 2022

Polymer based crown ethers show significantly higher complex stabilities with alkali metal ions than free crown ethers, furthermore, sandwich-type complexes are more stable compared to single complexes.
Subnanometer-thick 2D GaN film with a large bandgap synthesized by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Zhang Gehui , Chen Luchen , Wang Le , Lu Zhanjie , Dong Haoyu , Cheng Zhihai , Zhang Xu , Xu Xiaohui , Wang Bin , Chen Shanshan
Published: January 2022

An improved template method has been developed to synthesize subnanometer-thick 2D GaN films through the balance of nitridation and ion etching during N2 plasma enhanced CVD.
Study of prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites in cultivated green mussel (Perna viridisL.) in Alue Naga Waters, Banda Aceh
Authors: Rusydi Ichsan , Salsabila Nadiatul , Nanda Defira Cut , Afdhal ElRahimi Sayyid , Melanie Kavinta , Fazriansyah Putra Dedi , Afriliana Afriliana , Fahmi Fahmi
Published: January 2022

Parasites are a major problem on biota survival or green mussels because parasites are organisms that live in other organisms. Parasites can harm the host they live in because these organisms will absorb nutrients from the host they live on, damage tissues, and cause infection. This study aims to examine the types of ectoparasites and to determine the prevalence and intensity values of cultivated green mussels (Perna Viridis L.) in the Alue Naga reservoir, Banda Aceh. The study was conducted in July 2020, identification of parasites was carried out at the Fish Quarantine Station, Quality Control and Safety of Class 1 Fishery Products in Aceh. The research method was a survey method with a sampling technique using random sampling. Observations were made visually and using a microscope on the target organs in the shell, gills, and mantle. Furthermore, the parasites found in green mussels were identified using the Kabata book (1984). Based on the research results found 4 types of ectoparasites, namely cysts perkinsus sp. (Protozoa) on the coat, Balanus sp. (Crustacea) on the shell, Monogenea (Platyhelminthes) on the gills, Copepoda (Crustacea) on the gills, and it is known that the highest intensity value is 1.16 and the highest prevalence value is 74%. parasite barnacles (Balanus sp.), while the lowest intensity value is 1 and the prevalence value is 1% cysts perkinsus sp. The water quality values were pH 8.7, temperature 29 C, dissolved oxygen 4.8 Ppm, salinity 31 Ppt, depth 1.53 m, brightness 70 cm, and current 17 m / s. The value of water quality parameters in Alue Naga waters is still in the optimum range for the growth of green mussels.
Community structure of invasive aquatic invertebrates in coral reef ecosystems in the KKPD PISISI Simeulue
Authors: Octavina Chitra , Ulfah Maria , Agustina Sri , Rifka Putri Yayang , Indra Indra
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to determine the structure of invasive aquatic invertebrates through the approach, diversity, similarity, dominance, distribution, and comparison of invasive aquatic invertebrates with coral cover in coral reef ecosystems in PISISI KKPD. This research was conducted in September 2019 using the purposive sampling method to research points, collecting invasive aquatic data used the belt transect method and collecting coral reef data used the Point Intercept Transect (PIT) method. The results of the study found that the structure of invasive aquatic invertebrates in KKPD PISISI was in the good category indicated by the density invasive aquatic invertebrates of 39.67 individuals/m2, the biodiversity index was 1.50 with the medium category, the similarity index is 1.06 in the high category and the dominance index is 0.44 in the low category. The distribution of invasive aquatic invertebrates in the PISISI KKPD includes a cluster distribution. The highest value of invasive invertebrate water was 12.83 ind/m2 and the proportion of coral cover was 29.83% and the lowest was 3.67 ind/m2 and the proportion of coral cover was 54.67% showing the effect of invasive aquatic invertebrates on the proportion of coral cover.
Social, economic and institutional study of purse seine fisheries based on the ecosystem approach in the Fishing Port of Kutaraja, Banda Aceh
Authors: Salmarika Salmarika , Taurusman Azbas Am , Wisudo Hari Sugeng , Irham Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Purse seine is the most dominant fishing gear used by fishermen at the Fishing Port of Kutaraja. It affects increasing the number of fishing fleets and fishing efforts per year. The increase is considered to have a negative impact on fishers because it can trigger competition and conflict between fishers, violate the law, and even affect fishermen's income. This study aims to assess the status and formulate fisheries management actions regarding social, economic, and institutional aspects of fishing based on purse seines in the Fishing Port of Kutaraja. This research was conducted in 2018, and data were collected through a survey method by conducting in-depth interviews with several respondents and analyzed using the Flag Modelling technique. The results showed the composite value of the social domain was 91.66% in a ‘very good’ category, the economic domain was 33.33% in ‘poor’ condition, and the institutional domain was 67.66% in a ‘good’ shape. These results indicate that economic management actions need to be better pursued so that purse seine fisheries remain sustainable in accordance with social, economic, and institutional conditions by; (1) implement a profit-sharing system in accordance with applicable regulations; (2) strengthening good cooperation between stakeholders; (3) open dissemination of the importance of Panglima Laot customary rules; (4) improve supervision and law enforcement; (5) increase the synergy of regulations, institutions and stakeholder capacities.
Inspiratory Muscle Training for Asthmatic Patients: A Meta-Analysis
of Randomized Controlled Studies
Authors: Chen Ying , Fu Haibin
Published: January 2022

Introduction The efficacy of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) for asthma
control remains controversial. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis
to explore the influence of IMT on asthma control.

Methods We search PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane
library databases through May 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
assessing the efficacy of IMT for asthma control. This meta-analysis is
performed using the random-effect model.

Results Six RCTs are included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with
control group for asthma, IMT can remarkably increase MIP (SMD=3.32;
95% CI=1.73 to 4.91; P<0.0001) and decrease dyspnea
scores (SMD=−0.77; 95% CI=−1.34 to
−0.21; P=0.007), but has no obvious effect on FEV1
(SMD=0.36; 95% CI=−0.74 to 1.45; P=0.52)
or FVC (SMD=2.09; 95% CI=−0.70 to 4.89;
P=0.14).

Conclusions IMT may benefit to the treatment of asthma.
Spectrum of Adrenal Lesions on Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology: A Tertiary Care Centre Experience
Authors: Kaur Pavneet , Soni Ankita , Tyagi Ruchita , Kaur Harpreet , Selhi Kanwarpal S.
Published: January 2022

Introduction Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an easy, quick, and specialized technique to distinguish neoplastic from non-neoplastic adrenal lesions, yet limited to tertiary care centers. It helps in analyzing symptomatic, as well as incidental adrenal lesions with high sensitivity and specificity.

Aim This study was conducted to determine the cytological spectrum of adrenal lesions in a tertiary care center.

Material and Methods This was a retrospective study which included a total of 19 cases of adrenal FNAC received from June 2017 till June 2019 in a north Indian tertiary care university hospital. All the lesions were broadly classified into non-neoplastic and neoplastic categories. The non-neoplastic lesions were divided into infective causes and cystic lesions. Neoplastic lesions were further grouped into benign and malignant lesions. Immunohistochemical findings were retrieved from the hospital records wherever accessible.

Results A total of 19 cases were aspirated, of which 16 cases (84.20%) yielded satisfactory material. Six cases (31.57%) showed non-neoplastic pathology of which one was a cystic lesion, three were infective (two histoplasmosis and one tuberculosis), and two showed only benign adrenal cortical cells in a setting of known extra-adrenal primary malignancy. The neoplastic group comprised of 10 cases (52.63%) of which 4 cases showed metastatic carcinomatous deposits from a known extra-adrenal primary malignancy and 6 cases showed primary adrenal neoplasm (one case of myelolipoma, one case of pheochromocytoma, and four cases of adrenal neoplasm) which were then subjected to biopsy and immunohistochemistry. A final diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was made in three cases, adrenocortical carcinoma in one case, and one case was inconclusive because of nonrepresentative biopsy.

Conclusion Image-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of adrenal lesions helps to determine the exact nature of the infection, avoids unnecessary surgery, and helps in targeted management. However, histopathological evaluation with immunohistochemistry remains the diagnostic modality of choice with regard to neoplastic lesions.
Quasinormal modes of small Schwarzschild–de Sitter black holes
Authors: Hintz Peter , Xie YuQing
Published: January 2022

We study the behavior of quasinormal modes (QNMs) of massless and massive linear waves on Schwarzschild–de Sitter black holes as the black hole mass tends to 0. Via uniform estimates for a degenerating family of ordinary differential equations, we show that in bounded subsets of the complex plane and for fixed angular momenta, the QNMs converge to those of the static model of de Sitter space. Detailed numerics illustrate our results and suggest a number of open problems.
A control strategy of normal motion and active self-rescue for autonomous underwater vehicle based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Fang Yuan , Pu Jinyun , Yuan Chengren , Cao Yuxuan , Liu Shuyong
Published: January 2022

The survivability of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) in complex missions and dangerous situations is of great significance to ocean resource exploration, hydrological research, maritime rescue, and undersea military. Existing researches on motion control for the AUV mainly focus on its normal operating, but the active self-rescue method in emergency situations is hardly found. As classical control methods are not sufficient enough for complicated self-rescue missions of the AUV, this paper uses the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm to solve this problem because the DRL algorithm has the advantages in learning and decision making for complex robot control missions. In this paper, the normal motion control of the AUV based on the deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm is explored, including the yaw angle adjustment, yaw angle adjustment extension, trajectory tracking, and normal floating-up control of the AUV. Then, active self-rescue methods are successfully achieved to recover the AUV from emergencies, such as ocean water density decreasing sharply or one fin getting jammed at a random angle. What is more, real environment experiments are successfully conducted on a self-developed platform of the AUV to validate the feasibility of the proposed control methods. The results can effectively improve the survivability of the AUV and can be a reference to submarine survivability technologies.
autohaem: 3D printed devices for automated preparation of blood smears
Authors: McDermott Samuel , Kim Jaehyeon , Leledaki Aikaterini Anna , Parry Duncan , Lee Louis , Kabla Alexandre , Mkindi Catherine , Bowman Richard , Cicuta Pietro
Published: January 2022

The process of making blood smears is common in both research and clinical settings for investigating the health of blood cells and the presence of blood-borne parasites. It is very often carried out manually. We focus here on smears for malaria diagnosis and research, which are frequently analyzed by optical microscopy and require a high quality. Automating the smear preparation promises to increase throughput and to improve the quality and consistency of the smears. We present here two devices (manual and motorized) designed to aid in the making of blood smears. These are fully documented, open-source hardware, and an important principle was to make them easily fabricated locally anywhere. Designs and assembly instructions are freely available under an open license. We also describe an image analysis pipeline for characterizing the quality of smears and use it to optimize the settings and tunable parameters in the two devices. The devices perform as well as expert human operators while not requiring a trained operator and offering potential advantages in reproducibility and standardization across facilities.
Surface forward and backward discharges and corresponding residual charge accumulation characteristics under positive impulse
Authors: Chen Junhong , Li Jinshu , Dong Junhao , Sun Peng , Xue Jianyi , Deng Junbo , Zhang Guan-Jun
Published: January 2022

The backward discharge induced by residual charge has attracted considerable attention, but the complex mechanism requires further investigation. This article analyzes the surface discharge and the residual surface charge accumulation characteristics in atmospheric air under a positive impulse. The photographic figure method, the dust figure method, and the electrostatic probe method are employed, allowing the residual charge distribution to be quantitatively determined. One main forward discharge is observed at the impulse front and several subsequent backward discharges are observed at the impulse tail. The propagation length of the forward streamer is closely related to the voltage at the moment of discharge. A model illustrating the evolution process of surface forward and backward discharges as well as the corresponding residual charge accumulation characteristics is established. The residual surface charge plays a significant role in the development of the streamer discharge. The backward discharge is incurred by the positive charge that is deposited by the previous forward discharge.