bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La mise en projets de l’agroécologie
Authors: COUIX Nathalie , LACOMBE Camille , DERBEZ Floriane , NAPOLEONE Martine
Published: December 2022

Au travers de l’appel à projets MCAE, le projet « Agroécologie pour la France » a présenté une caractéristique inédite. Il a, en effet, confié aux agriculteurs la dimension plus praxéologique de ce projet agroécologique en leur demandant d’être eux-mêmes les porteurs des projets sur les territoires. Nous nous sommes donc intéressées, par une mise en perspective des différents cas étudiés ici, aux collectifs porteurs de ces projets et à la manière dont ils se sont constitués, se sont maintenus et ont pu évoluer. Il n’y a pas un « profil type » de collectifs qui se dégage que ce soit en fonction des structures porteuses ou des thématiques en jeu mais une diversité de manières de « faire collectif » en fonction des objets et pratiques au cœur des projets. Les collectifs présentent de même une forme de gradient dans la participation allant d’un engagement fort des agriculteurs dans la gouvernance du projet et des contributions importantes à une adhésion plus modeste et une contribution toute relative. Enfin, cette mise en perspective des projets étudiés révèle une tendance à la transformation des modalités du conseil en agriculture et notamment un passage de la prescription à des formes diverses d’accompagnement.
Paysamap
Authors: LAMINE Claire , CAREL Denis , PROIX Hélène
Published: December 2022

Au fil de près de 20 années d’expérience et de débat, les AMAP ont construit et stabilisé un modèle original et reconnu d’agriculture biologique paysanne en contrat local et solidaire avec des consommateurs. En 2013, le réseau provençal saisit l’opportunité de monter un projet dans le cadre de l’appel à projet MCAE, dans l’objectif de viabiliser un dispositif de « paysans conseils », démarche de tutorat entre paysans déjà à l’œuvre de manière informelle, d’affiner la démarche d’évaluation participative des fermes et AMAP, et de capitaliser et mutualiser les expériences du réseau. Dans ce chapitre, nous allons examiner comment les AMAP s’inscrivent dans le cadre gouvernemental de l’agroécologie au travers du projet MCAE qu’ils construisent et conduisent et comment ce projet leur permet d’équiper leur modèle de nouveaux outils et arguments de légitimation. Nous verrons cependant que cette inscription dans ce cadre gouvernemental pose un certain nombre de contradictions et paradoxes qui culminent avec la non éligibilité des réseaux d’AMAP au dispositif des GIEE, dont MCAE était précurseur, du fait que les agriculteurs ne sont pas majoritaires dans leur gouvernance.
Intégrer les haies bocagères aux systèmes d’exploitation
Authors: DARROT Catherine , GUEHENNEUC Thierry
Published: December 2022

L'association Terres et Bocages a développé une vision riche de la reformation de plusieurs types de haies bocagères, pleinement intégrées au système d’exploitation et rendant divers services écosystémiques. Cette vision s’est traduite, à travers un projet soutenu par l’appel MCAE, par une action collective d’exploitants agricoles et de propriétaires articulant: pratiques techniques dans des chantiers participatifs, pratiques d’auto-organisation dans la vie de l’association et pratiques politiques pour étayer la place de cette association par rapport au programme régional Breizh Bocage. La fondation et l’expérience de cette association sont restituées pour montrer comment ce travail visant la patiente reconstruction du bocage réinvestit l’agroécologie, et tente alors de faire du bocage un commun. L'expérience de ce projet a du cependant composer avec un contexte d’action publique portée par une autre conception de la réintégration des haies bocagères, plutôt marquée par la référence à l’éco-conditionnalité, et se traduisant par un soutien financier à la plantation de haies.
The features of residual stresses investigation in the hardened surface layer of die steels after diffusion boroaluminizing
Authors:   Institute of Physical Material Science of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Ulan-Ude, Ulakhanov Nikolay ,   East Siberia State University of Technology and Management, Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation, Tikhonov Aleksandr ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Russian Federation, Mishigdorzhiyn Undrakh ,   Institute of Physical Material Science of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Ulan-Ude, Ivancivsky Vladimir ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Vakhrushev Nikita ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Diffusion boroaluminizing provides improved performance properties of the die steels’ surface such as wear resistance, high hardness, and corrosion resistance. Surface hardening can significantly contribute to the occurrence of technological residual stresses (TRS) on the surface. Currently, there are no studies on the topic of the stress state of diffusion boroaluminizing. The purpose of this work is to develop a method for determining the TRS and a nature of its distribution in the diffusion layers on the surface of 5CrNiMo and 3Cr2W8V die steels after boroaluminizing by a mechanical method. The paper considers the results of experimental studies on the determination of the normal components of TRS by the mechanical method in diffusion layers of die steels. The conducted studies showed that the formation of unfavorable tensile TRS occurs along the depth of the hardened layer in the case of the investigated TCT method and types of steels. Results and discussions. The main approaches for determining the TRS in the surface layer of 3Cr2W8V and 5CrNiMo die steels after TCT are considered. Problems in the determination of TRS by the mechanical method on the UDINON-2 unit are identified, and its solution is proposed. The efficiency of using the anodic dissolution method for the continuous removal of stressed layers during the TRS study by the mechanical method on the UDION-2 unit is shown. The optimal electrolyte composition is selected for the process of anodic dissolution consisting of: NaNO3 – 60 g/l; NaNO2 – 5 g/l; Na2CO3 – 5 g/l; C3H8O3 – 15 g/l; H2O – the rest. The distributions of the normal TRS components in the diffusion layer of die steel specimens are revealed. It is established that, during the TCT of these steels predominantly tensile TRS are formed in the surface layer. Further research will be aimed at developing measures to reduce tensile TRS during diffusion boroaluminizing of die steels.
Residual stress estimation in crystalline phases of high-entropy alloys of the AlxCoCrFeNi system
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Ivanov Ivan , Yurgin Aleksandr ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Nasennik Igor ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Kuper Konstantin ,   Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Novosibirsk,   Federal Research Center Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Koltsovo, Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

Introduction. All plastically deformed alloys are characterized by crystal defects that increase the internal energy of the system. These defects also result in residual stresses that have a complex effect on the material properties. Macrostresses are often the most critical and can lead to warpage, reduced corrosion resistance, and changes in material strength characteristics. The purpose of this work is to assess the residual stresses of the primitive cubic phase of high entropy alloys Al0.6CoCrFeNi and AlCoCrFeNi. Research methods. The crystal structure of the alloys is studied using the method of X-ray diffraction analysis. Experiments on X-ray diffraction analysis were carried out at the Siberian Center for Synchrotron and Terahertz Radiation on a VEPP-4 (Novosibirsk, INF SB RAS, 5-A line «X-ray microscopy and tomography»). Studies using synchrotron radiation were carried out in the transmission mode. The evaluation of the residual macrostresses of the crystalline phases of the alloys was based on the analysis of the change in the shape of the diffraction rings with a change in the azimuth angle (). Materials. The objects of research are ingots of high-entropy alloys Al0.6CoCrFeNi and AlCoCrFeNi. The ingots were obtained from pure metals by argon arc melting with cooling on a copper plate. To conduct further studies, cylindrical samples are cut from the ingots, which were subjected to plastic deformation according to the uniaxial compression scheme. Results and discussion. The obtained results indicate that the Al0.6CoCrFeNi alloy is characterized by higher macrostresses than the AlCoCrFeNi alloy. The residual deformation of the B2 phase lattice of AlCoCrFeNi alloy along the direction [100] is 2.5% at an external load of 2,500 MPa. The distortion value of the lattice of this phase for the alloy Al0.6CoCrFeNi is equal to 5.5% under similar external conditions. In addition, the plastic deformation of the Al0.6CoCrFeNi HEA did not lead to its destruction. This allows concluding that the increased ductility of this alloy is associated not only with the presence of a phase with a FCC lattice, but also with an increased compliance of the phase with a primitive lattice.
Application of the synergistic concept in determining the CNC program for turning
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Zakovorotny Vilor , Gvindjiliya Valery ,   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Fesenko Elina ,   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

Introduction. One of the dynamically developing areas of increasing the efficiency of CNC machines is associated with the use of the synergetic concept in determining the CNC program. The principle of compression-expansion of the dimensionality of the state space is used. Subject. On the example of the workpiece machining, the stiffness parameters of which are a function of the toolpath, all stages of control synthesis, which ensures the mutual consistency of dynamic subsystems, including the cutting process, are described in the paper. The aim of the work is to determine asymptotically stable machine actuator toolpath, given by CNC program parameters, from the set of paths, for which the condition of minimum wear intensity is fulfilled. Method and methodology. Mathematical modeling of the controlled cutting system, which is based on the principle of compression-expansion state space, is presented. When the dimension of the state space is expanded, the model of the dynamic cutting system includes all elements from the CNC system that programs the motion of the actuating elements to the elastic deformations of the tool, which interacts with the workpiece through the connection formed by the cutting process. The dynamic coupling integrates the subsystems into a single coupled control system. In this space, the desired shaping motion path of the tool tip relative to the workpiece is constructed, which should be the attractor of the entire state space. The transformation of the desired motion path into an attractor characterizes the procedure of compressing the dimensionality of the state space. It is supposed that it is possible to control the motion trajectories of the actuators within the bandwidths of the servomotors. Results and Discussion. The analysis of the stability of the cutting process is performed; the example of the efficiency of a NC program on the basis of the synergetic paradigm is presented. It is shown that by coordinating the external control with the internal dynamics of the system it is possible to increase the efficiency of a part production up to two times in machine time.
Profesionalización de las élites parlamentarias en Colombia (1998-2022)
Authors:   Universidad de Salamanca, Rivas Pérez Cristina , Barragán Mélany ,   Universidad de Goethe
Published: December 2022

El objetivo de este capítulo es analizar los procesos de profesionalización de las élites parlamentarias en Colombia durante el período comprendido entre 1998 y 2022. A partir de los datos disponibles en el marco del Proyecto de Élites Parlamentarias de América Latina de la Universidad de Salamanca, este trabajo describe los procesos de formación, socialización política y experiencia de los parlamentarios colombianos, analizando los diferentes estadios de toda carrera política: entrada, desarrollo y eventual salida. Mediante estos datos se establecerán los perfiles de profesionalización que se contextualizarán en los diferentes períodos de la historia legislativa reciente de Colombia.
Política exterior colombiana: élites, opinión e identidad
Authors:   Universidad de La Salle, Niño César , Sánchez Fabio ,   Universidad Sergio Arboleda
Published: December 2022

Tradicionalmente la Política Exterior Colombiana (PEC) se ha estudiado a partir de los efectos del conflicto interno, el problema de las drogas y las debilidades del servicio exterior. En este capítulo analizamos los imaginarios y las percepciones de la élite de política exterior, en el marco de los entornos operativo y psicológico, en los cuales se formula e implementa la pec (Brecher, Steinberg y Stein, 1969). Lo anterior será contrastado con los datos disponibles en el marco del Proyecto de Élites Parlamentarias de América Latina de la Universidad de Salamanca (PELA-USAL), para luego identificar el rol del país (Holsti, 1970) que se construye de Colombia en el entorno internacional.
Incorporation of nisin and oregano essential oil in cow’s milk to improve the quality of fresh cheese
Authors: Cama-Curasi John Víctor , Saldaña Erick , Cruzado-Bravo Melina L. M , Ambrosio Carmen M. S. , Mayta-Hancco Jhony
Published: December 2022

Firstly, this study aimed to determine the effect of adding nisin (0, 250 and 500 IU mL-1) and oregano essential oil (OEO) (0, 0.025% and 0.05%), alone or in combination, on Staphylococcus aureus load in cow’s milk. Next, it was evaluated the sensory, physicochemical and microbiological quality of fresh cheese (FC) manufactured with milk added of nisin + OEO (C1) or nisin alone (C2) compared to a control cheese (C0, milk without the addition of nisin or OEO). Results showed that adding nisin effectively reduced the S. aureus count in milk in a similar manner to adding way the combination of nisin + OEO compared to the control. FC quality evaluation results revealed that C1 and C2 did not alter the physicochemical quality of FC (pH, fat and total solids content) during storage (0-8 days) compared to the control. Furthermore, C1 and C2 reduced in a similar manner aerobic mesophilic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae count in FC compared to the control during storage. Sensory evaluation showed that consumers did not value FC added of nisin + OEO (C1) due to its intense aroma of oregano, rating it with the lowest global quality.
Muslim Psychologists in Facing Challenges of the 4.0 Industrial Revolution
Authors: Abu Zahrin Syaidatun Nazirah , Perdani Sawai Rezki , Perdani Sawai Joki , Che Harun Che Sulaila
Published: December 2022

The 4.0 industrial revolution (4IR) is one of the biggest challenges faced by every individual, especially psychologists of this century. In this article, the authors will examine the preparation for challenges psychologists face in helping individuals deal with the psycho-social impact of the 4.0 industrial revolution. 4IR comprises of ten pillars: automation robots, simulations, system integration, multi-purpose internet, cyber security, public computing, additional material creation, reinforced reality, large data analysis, and system integration. This conceptual paper covers articles and books from year 1998 to 2020. This article aims to help psychologists become more knowledgeable about how their disciplinary expertise can assist in discussions, research, and policy initiatives relating to 4.0 Industrial Revolution. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to outline the challenges faced by the Muslim psychologists in the era of 4.0 Industrial Revolution and how to deal with the challenges diligently. Psychologists are responsible for designing and implementing interventions to deal with the psycho-social impact of the 4.0 Industrial Revolution. Psychologists’ involvement is needed to increase psychological support to individuals, in particular, and to society as a whole. Hence, the mental health and mental strength of psychologists are important in preparation for the 4IR challenge.
Lung Segmentation on Standard and Mobile Chest Radiographs using Oriented Gaussian Derivatives Filter
Authors:   Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, 63100 Cyberjaya, Malaysia, Wan Ahmad Wan Siti Halimatul Munirah , Hussain Aini ,   Department of Electrical, electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan  Malaysia, Malaysia, Wan Zaki Wan Mimi Diyana ,   Department of Electrical, electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan  Malaysia, Malaysia, Ahmad Fauzi Mohammad Faizal ,   Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, 63100 Cyberjaya, Malaysia
Published: December 2022

Unsupervised lung segmentation method is one of the mandatory processes in order to develop a Content Based Medical Image Retrieval System (CBMIRS) of CXR. There is limited study found on segmentation of mobile chest radiographs, that is relatively important especially for very sick patients whenever their radiographs will be taken using portable X-Ray machine.The purpose of the study is to present a solution for lung segmentation of standard and mobile chest radiographs using fully automated unsupervised method, based on oriented Gaussian derivatives filter with seven orientations, combined with Fuzzy C-Means clustering and thresholding to refine the lung region. A new algorithm to automatically generate a threshold value for each Gaussian response is also proposed. The algorithms are applied to both PA and AP chest radiographs from both public JSRT and private datasets from collaborative hospital. Two pre-processing blocks are introduced to standardize the images from different machines. Comparisons with the previous works found in the literature on JSRT dataset shows that our method gives a reasonably good result. Performance measures (accuracy, F-score, precision, sensitivity and specificity) for the segmentation of lung in public JSRT dataset are above 0.90 except for the overlap measure is 0.87. The median of overlap score for the private image database is 0.83 (standard machine) and 0.75 (mobile machines). The algorithm is also fast, with the average execution time of 12.5s. Our proposed method is fully automated, unsupervised, with no training or learning stage is necessary to segment the lungs taken using both a standard and mobile machines, and useful for the application of the CBMIRS.
Investigation on Different Compositions of Clay and Water to the Permeability of the Silica Sand Used in Greensand Casting Mould
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Ungku Omar, Perak, Malaysia, Azhar A. , Redzuan M. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Ungku Omar, Perak, Malaysia, Hazril H. H. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Ungku Omar, Perak, Malaysia
Published: December 2022

Greensand casting is a casting process that uses mixture of silica sand with addition of control additions which are bentonite clay and the presence of water. Control additions influence the mechanical properties of greensand casting mould, for this study focuses on the permeability. Bentonite clay acts as a binder and activated by water to develop strength and plasticity thus the greensand casting mould can be formed. Permeability is ability of gas to pass through the moulding mixture aggregates in order to reduce the defects due to trapped gasses in mould cavity such as blow holes or pin holes. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of control addition (water and clay) on the permeability number of silica sand sample (tailing sand) from former tin mine site in Tronoh, Perak. Experiments are conducted according to American Foundrymen Society (AFS) standard of procedures. Sand sample is sieved using mechanical sieve shaker to size of 425 µm. Cylindrical test pieces dimensioning of Ø50 mm×50 mm in height from various mixtures of sand-clay–water ratios are compacted by applying three ramming blows of 6666 grams using Ridsdale-Dietert metric standard rammer. The test pieces are tested for permeability with Ridsdale-Dietert permeability meter. The results show that clay and water have affected the permeability of silica sand sample and when more water and clay added, into the moulding mixture, the permeability is found decreased. The appropriate allowable water and clay content are crucial for permeability number of greensand casting mould.
Adaptive immune response in pathogenesis and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: the influence of immunosuppression factors and gender
Authors: Stukan A. I. , Murashko R.  A. , Tsygan N. A. , Goryainova A. Yu. , Nefedov O. N. , Porkhanov V. A.
Published: December 2022

An obvious trend of the last decade in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma pathogenesis evaluation is awareness of the impact of immune response disorders on disease manifestation. The review presents an analysis of the differences in the type and degree of immunosuppression, as well as treatment response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients in accordance with influencing carcinogenic factor, gender, age of the patient and concomitant diseases. An increase in CD8+ T-lymphocytes and a decrease of memory T-cells has been evaluated in smoking and alcohol abusing patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and a smaller number of CD8+ T-lymphocytes were detected in the tumor microenvironment compared to non-smoking and non-drinking patients. Studies have shown that the improved prognosis of patients with human papillomavirus (Hpv) – associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is largely due to the presence of antibodies against Hpv E6 and E7, E7-specific CD8+T lymphocytes in periphe ral blood and a high level of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. The issue of gender differences in the type of immune response is widely discussed. It has been shown that the use of immune response checkpoint inhibitors is more effective in improving survival rates in men, and the use of these drugs in combination with chemotherapy is more effective in women. In addition, in elderly cancer patients, numerous age-associated T-lymphocyte’s function changes were revealed, including a decrease in the number of naive T-lymphocytes due to age-related involution of the thymus and an in crease in the relative number of memory cells and effector cells. Thus, it is clear that immunosuppression type, as well as treatment response, differ depending on the influencing factor, gender, age of the patient, as well as comorbidities.
Clinical case of surgical treatment of advanced basal cell carcinoma of the skin on the face
Authors: Sharafutdinova N. A. , Musin Sh. I. , Sultanbayev A. V. , Menshikov K. V. , Ilyin V. V. , Ibragimov B. A. , Izmailov A. A. , Sharifgaliev I. A. , Zainullin F. D.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of non-melanocytic malignant tumors of the skin. The main treatment methods for this pathology are local methods such as surgery and radiation. In rare cases, basal cell carcinoma can become locally advanced and / or metastatic.

Aim. To demonstrate the possibility of reconstructive surgery for large defects after removal of locally advanced tumors of the face and describe a rare case of basal cell carcinoma metastasis into the regional lymph nodes.

Clinical case. The article presents a clinical case of treatment of basal cell skin cancer with metastases into the regional lymph nodes. According to the patient, tumor on the skin of the left cheekbone area first appeared in 2007. The patient did not seek medical help. In 2017, the tumor was resected at the local medical facility. In 2018, the patient noted repeat tumor growth. In November of 2021, when the patient first consulted at the Republican Clinical Oncological Dispensary of the ministry of Health of the Bashkortostan Republic, the tumor was 7 × 5 cm. Invasion depth was up to 1.5 cm, infiltration into the temporal and mastication muscles and destruction of the zygomatic bone were observed. On 18.11.2021 at Republican Clinical Oncological Dispensary of the ministry of Health of the Bashkortostan Republic, wide resection of the skin tumor with resection of the zygomatic arch, parotidectomy on the left with defect removal using anterolateral thigh flap was performed. per histological examination, basal cell carcinoma with lymphovascular and perineural invasion and advancement into the masticator muscle and zygomatic bone was diagnosed, as well as carcinoma metastases in 2 lymph nodes with advancement beyond the capsule.

Conclusion. Implementation of revascularization flaps significantly widens choices for surgical treatment of this patient group in a regional oncological dispensary and gives satisfactory esthetic results due to removal of large defects after surgical intervention.
Prognostic factors for overall survival and intracranial progression in patients with renal cancer metastasis into the brain after neurosurgical treatment
Authors: Roshchina K.  E. , Bekyashev A. H. , Naskhletashvili D.  R. , Moskvina E. A. , Osinov I. K. , Savvateev A.  N. , Khalafyan D. A.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Treatment of patients with brain metastases is an important problem that should be considered in the framework of combination approach. Introduction of new techniques of drug therapy as well as radiotherapy and neurosurgical treatment allows to significantly increase patient survival. Effective drug therapy and local control of brain metastases are of utmost importance in prediction of overall survival and patient quality of life.

Aim. To investigate the prognostic factors for overall survival and intracranial progression (local recurrences, distant metastases) in patients with brain metastases of renal cancer after neurosurgical resection.

Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of the treatment results of 114 patients with metastatic brain lesions due to renal cancer who underwent neurosurgical resection (NSR) at the N. N. Blokhin National medical Research Center of Oncology was performed. Clinical data of 102 (89.5 %) of 114 patients for whom data on survival was available were evaluated. Among them, 80 (78.4 %) of patients died, 22 (21.5 %) are under observation. Extracranial disease status at the time of NSR was known in 82 (71.9 %) patients: 45 (54.8 %) patients had extracranial metastases, and 37 (45.1 %) did not. Total resection of brain metastases with perifocal and perivascular zones was performed in 92 (90.1 %) patients; in other cases, fragmental lesion resection was performed.

Results. median overall survival after NSR was 13.8 months (95 % confidence interval 10.3–18.6). per study data, factors affecting overall survival of patients with brain metastases of renal cancer after neurosurgical resection were presence /  absence of extracranial metastases and patient’s functional status. Local recurrences in the postoperative cavity after NSR were observed in 24 (21 %) of 114 patients. median time of local recurrence was not achieved. Statistically significant factor of high risk of recurrence in the postoperative cavity was presence of lesions with maximal diameter ≥2 cm. Development of new (distant) metastases was observed in 31 (27.2 %) of 114 patients. median survival without distant metastases in patients with brain metastases after NSR was not achieved. frequencies of distant metastases at 6, 12 and 24 months were 15.5; 24.1 and 35.8 % respectively. per multifactor analysis, factors affecting development of distant metastases in the brain after NSR are multiple metastatic brain lesions and presence of extracranial metastases.

Conclusion. Neurosurgical resection in patients with cerebral metastases of renal cancer in the total group leads to median overall survival of 13.8 months. predictors of better overall survival are absence of extracranial metastases and high functional status.
Anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease as a risk factor for restless legs syndrome. Literature review
Authors: Zakharova S. A. , Kalinkin A. L.
Published: December 2022

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological, sensorimotor disorder. It is characterized by the uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations in the legs which begin or worsen during periods of rest, primarily in the evening or night, and are relieved by movement. Central iron deficiency plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of RLS. There is evidence that chronic inflammation is an additional risk factor for RLS. Anemia is the most common complication and extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease, therefore the prevalence of RLS in these patients is a problem of great interest. In addition, inflammatory bowel disease patients’ sleep disturbances directly influence the disease’s clinical course and can be the preclinical marker of exacerbation. It is essential for clinicians to be aware of RLS as a possible reason for sleep disturbance and as a factor that negatively affects the quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease patients.
FEATURES OF THE 1968 STUDENT PROTEST IN BRAZIL
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Bronteryuk B.
Published: December 2022

The article reveals the peculiarities of student protests in 1968 in Brazil, in addition to highlighting the characteristics of specifically Brazilian protests, the author also analyzes and compares them with protests in other European and American countries: France, USA, Mexico etc. In general, the article examines the main manifestations of the "Cultural Revolution", which is characterized by student protests in all parts of the world. Most of the protests were driven by a desire to change social principles. Students advocated for greater freedoms in education within universities, and for freedoms in the political sense. One of the key political issues represented by protesters was the Vietnam War and the United States' involvement in. In addition, these protests are characterized by a generational gap between parents and children, who have ceased to understand each other. The article also emphasizes the importance of the preconditions for the protest movement, since in 1964 a military coup took place in Brazil, which resulted in the arrival of the military. The military was a conservative in politics, so conflict with students who advocated completely opposite values was inevitable. An important role in these protests was played by technological progress, which allowed people around the world to learn information much faster. Students, looking at the protests in other countries could feel a certain solidarity with their colleagues and understand that in their struggle they are not alone. It was common to borrow same tactics during protests: boycotts, actions against the police, building of the barricades and seizing university buildings. The author concludes that the student protests in Brazil went from a peaceful boycott of the government to clashes with the police, which led to casualties and repressions by the authorities. At the same time, the article emphasizes the confrontation between the baby boomer generation and the older generation, represented by Brazil's military leaders.
COOPERATION OF ARTIST VOLODYMYR PORAY-KOSHYTS WITH THE CENTRAL ASSISTANCE OF HELPING THE HUNGRY / FIGHTING THE CONSEQUENCES OF HUNGER AT THE UKRAINIAN CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE IN THE CREATION OF CHARITY MARKS IN 1922–1923
Authors:   National Museum of the Holodomor Genocide, Ivanets А.
Published: December 2022

The article examines the cooperation of the artist, co-organizer of the Union of Creative Intelligentsia and Museum Affairs in Kharkiv Borys Poray-Koshyts (1886–1964) with the authorities of the USSR during the mass artificial famine of 1921–1923 in creating charitable stamps to help the starving and children affected from hunger. The artist, despite his "socially alien" origins and his stay in the Cheka prison in 1920, participated in the creation of sketches for the Central Commission for Aid to the Hungry at the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee in 1922. The article proves that he is the author of a postage-charity stamp with a portrait of Taras Shevchenko (denomination "20 + 20 karbovantsiv"), which some researchers attributed to another artist. Like the whole series, it combines Art Nouveau style and national flavor, is an interesting example of Ukrainian artistic industrial graphics of the early twentieth century. The stamps of this series have a high artistic level in general and in comparison with other similar postage stamps issued to help the starving in the RSFSR and the Azerbadjan SSR, in particular. B. Poray-Koshyts contributed to the appearance of the series "Helping the Hungry" not only as the author of the sketch of the stamp, but also as an expert of the All-Ukrainian State Trade Office on Exports and Imports, who in 1922 participated in the selection of drawings for it. Analysis of the documents of the Central Commission for Combating the Consequences of Hunger at the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee suggests that B. Poray-Koshyts is also the author of a series of four charity stamps "Help the Child" with denominations of 1, 3, 5 and 10 rubles issued in Kharkiv in 1923. The artist developed their sketches in the conditions of creation of the hypercentralized state of the imperial type of the USSR that was reflected in the design of sketchs. Despite compromises with the ruling communist regime in the 1920s and 1930s, B. Poraj-Koshyts emigrated from occupied Kharkiv to Germany in the 1940s.
METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY TRADITIONS STUDY: INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OPPORTUNITIES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Kotliar O.
Published: December 2022

In the article, the author analyzed methods and approaches of intellectual history basing on the evolution of American foreign policy thought study. The research was done from its origins in the religious myths of the first Puritan colonists, evolution into the concepts of the U.S. special place and role in the world, to formalization into political doctrines and practical implementation. The relevance of the topic is due to modern transformations in the world political environment and changes in the balance of power in the international arena. It creates challenges for modern leading countries. The issue is especially acute for the United States because of the contestation of their superpower status by new regional leaders. The methodological approaches of such intellectual historians as A. Lovejoy, K. Skinner, J. Pocock, P. Gordon, R. Chartier were considered. The research determined opportunities of interaction between the methods of contextual analysis, put forward by the Cambridge School, and other approaches to the text reading. Based on the practical application of these methods in the process of studying the foreign policy tradition of the United States, the following problems were emphasized: myth-making upon an attempt to trace the continuity of political ideas and identify their authorship, anachronisms, tendencies to define «unit-ideas» in history without reference to the context. An equally problematic issue is the possibility to «reconstruct» the process of forming an ideological tradition at all. It was figured out how certain ideological constructs were borrowed by American political leaders and turned into concepts that form the core of the modern U.S. political ideology. Attention is focused on how, in the process of evolution, political concepts acquired recognition, propagation, and established in the political language of the country. It was concluded that this happened not only due to the ideological content inherent in earlier variations of concepts but also through new interpretations, during which the tradition was expanded with new discourses. An idea repeater thus plays a significant role – its interpretations fill the country's ideological apparatus, adapt ideologemes to the appropriate political context. This approach perfectly illustrates the process of the United States world's place finding, which formed the national ethos of Americans and still shapes the priorities of U.S. foreign policy.
DADAĞLI (KAHRAMANMARAŞ) BÖLGESİNDE KARBONATLI KAYAÇLAR İLE İLİŞKİLİ DAMAR TİPİ Pb-Zn CEVHERLEŞMESİNİN MİKROTERMOMETRİK ÖZELLİKLERİ
Authors: YALÇIN Cihan , URAS Yusuf
Published: December 2022

Kahramanmaraş ili jeolojik yapısı sebebiyle farklı kökenli kayaçları bir arada bünyesinde barındırır. Kuzeyde Toros Orojenik Kuşağı, güneyde ise Arap levhasına ait birimler gözlenir. Dadağlı bölgesi de Arap levhasına ait kenar kıvrım kuşağında yer alır. Bu bölgenin temelinde Seydişehir formasyonuna ait birimler yüzlek verir. Bu temel üzerine ise Mesozoyik yaşlı karbonatlı kayaçlar açısal uyumsuzlukla gelmektedir. Yavuzeli bazaltı ise tüm birimleri kesmektedir. Dadağlı kuzeyindeki Mesozoyik yaşlı karbonatlı kayaçlarda damar tipi baritli kurşun-çinko cevherleşmesi bulunur. Galenit, sfalerit, pirit, serüzit, smitzonit, götit ve gang olarak da barit ve kuvars parajenezi oluşturur. Jeokimyasal analizlerde PbO maksimum %60’a ve Zn değerleri ise 1200 ppm’e kadar ulaşmaktadır. Cevher oluşturan çözeltinin kökeni hakkında bilgiler elde etmek için parajenezde yer alan barit ve kuvarsdan sıvı kapanımı ölçümleri yapılmıştır. İki fazlı olan (sıvı ve gaz) kapanımlar da yapılan ölçümlere göre ötektik sıcaklık (Te) değerleri kuvars mineralinde -22,90 ile -21,10 oC, barit mineralinde ise -20,90 ile -19,50 oC arasındadır. Son buz ergime sıcaklıkları (Tmice) değerleri ise kuvars mineralinde -9,50 ile -4,30 oC arasında barit mineralinde ise -6,50 ile -4,20 oC arasındadır. % NaCl tuzluluk eşdeğerleri kuvars mineralinde 6,88-13,40 arasında, barit mineralinde ise 6,74-9,86 arasındadır. Homojenleşme sıcaklıkları (Th, oC) ise her iki mineralde 255,30-310,20 oC arasında olup ortalama 288,15 oC’dir. Kapanımların basınç değerlerine bakıldığında hem kuvars hem de barit mineralinde benzer değerler elde edilmiş olup ortalama Ph 92,85 bar’dır. Yoğunluk değerlerine bakıldığında ise kuvarsa ait kapanımların barite ait kapanımlara göre nispten daha yoğun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Homojenleşme sıcaklığı-tuzluluk diyagramlarında kapanımlar epitermal alanlarda dağılım göstermektedir. Ötektik sıcaklık değerleri ve sıcaklığın düşmesi ile artan tuzluluk durumu, çözeltinin H2O-NaCl sisteminde olan hidrotermal bir sistemi veya seyreltilmiş formasyonu suyunu işaret etmektedir.
INVESTIGATION OF THE USAGE OF HBN IN THE WORKABILITY OF LINEAR LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE
Authors: KINOĞLU Gözde Özlem , CEYHAN Gökhan
Published: December 2022

Improving the properties of plastics has always been a curious research topic in the scientific and industrial field, aiming to replace engineering plastics with cost-effective plastics for engineering applications. Looking at the past, there are studies to improve the mechanical properties of the plastics used and to add various properties. The usage areas of BN, which has an important potential today, such as high thermal conductivity, electrical insulation, chemical stability and easy workability, have found a place in many industrial applications as a result of recent researches. In addition to these, it is known that it is used as a process aid in the polymer industry. The main task of the process aids is to reduce the shear stress of the melt by covering the die mouth during extrusion due to low surface tensions. In this way, it reduces the pressure in the mold mouth and eliminates surface defects called melt fractures. In addition to this feature, the use of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) as an additive in the preparation of masterbacths and the production of a new material and its effect on the processability of lineer low densty polyethylene were investigated. Accordingly, in this study, a masterbatch form was prepared with hBN-LLDPE, and then analytical and spectroscopic characterization of this material was carried out. As a result of the analyzes made, it was seen that hBN is a good processing aid and the masterbatch formed with 5% additive exhibited the best mechanical properties.
SİNYALİZE BİR KAVŞAKTA PERFORMANS ANALİZİNİN YAPILMASI VE SİNYAL PLANININ EGZOZ EMİSYONLARINA ETKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: ULUSOY Bahadır Ersoy , KÖFTECİ Sevil
Published: December 2022

Karayolunda yol ağlarının birbirleriyle kesişmelerinin düzenlenmesinde kavşaklar önemli rol oynamaktadır. Kavşakların sundukları hizmet, yol ağlarının bu bölümlerinde oluşan gecikme, bekleme süreleri ve kuyruklanmalar ile ortaya çıkmaktadır. Kavşağın performansını göstermekte olan bu parametrelerdeki artış, sürücü davranışlarını, seyahat kalitesini ve kavşağın hizmet düzeyini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Kavşaklarda oluşan uzun bekleme süreleri, yalnızca seyahat kalitesi bakımından değil, aynı zamanda taşıtların gaz salınımları (CO, NOx, VOC) ve oluşturdukları ses kirliliği sebebiyle, doğada olumsuz etkiler yaratmaktadır. Bu sebeple kavşakların iyi analiz edilip planlaması ve yönetiminin doğru yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Antalya kent içi trafiği bakımından önem arz eden Konyaaltı İlçesi’ndeki sinyalize bir kavşak incelenmiştir. Yoğun trafik, sabah ve akşam saatlerinde video kamera ile kaydedilmiştir. Bu kayıtlar ile incelenen kavşağa ait akım kollarından geçen araç sayıları, araç kompozisyonları, araç güzergahları, sinyal süreleri ve faz planı verileri elde edilmiştir. Saha çalışmalarından elde edilen trafik verileri ve kavşağın geometrik özellikleri kullanılarak kavşak, bilgisayarda Vissim programı aracılığıyla modellenmiştir. Kavşağın mevcut durumu Vissim programında analiz edilmiştir. Kavşaklardaki motorlu taşıt kaynaklı çevre kirliliğinin sinyal planında değişiklik yapılarak azaltılabileceğinin araştırılabilmesi için, Vissim programında yeni sinyal planı ile bir durum oluşturulmuş ve analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları karşılaştırılarak mevcut durum ve yeni durum değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, sinyalize kavşakların sinyal planlarının, kavşaktaki gecikmelere ve dolayısıyla taşıtların egzoz emisyonlarına etki ettiği görülmüştür. Sinyal planında yapılan değişikliklerle, kavşağı kullanan araçların uzun beklemelerden dolayı sebep oldukları yoğun egzoz emisyonlarının ve artış gösteren yakıt tüketimlerinin azaltılabileceği tespit edilmiştir
Obesity risk factors in Turkish preschool children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: ÖZGEN ÖZKAYA Şebnem , ÖZKAYA Volkan , GARİPAĞAOĞLU Muazzez
Published: December 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Türk okul öncesi çocuklarında obezite ile ilgili potansiyel risk faktörlerini -gebelik öncesi ve sonrası, çocuk, ebeveyn ve çevresel faktörler- belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Özel ve devlete bağlı 25 anaokulunda 3-5 yaş grubu 538 çocuk ve anneleri ile yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak kesitsel bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gebelik, bebeklik ve okul öncesi döneme ait demografik, antropometrik, beslenme, uyku ve fiziksel aktivite bilgileri sorgulanmıştır. İki günlük besin tüketim kayıtları ve antropometrik ölçümleri alınmıştır.

Bulgular: Okul öncesi çocuklarda hafif şişmanlık ve obezite sıklığı %27 olarak saptanmıştır. Yirmi sekiz potansiyel risk faktöründen gebelik öncesi obezitesi [1,108 (1,042-1,179)], gebelik sonu obezitesi (OR:4,350, CI:2,053-9,217), gebelikte >200mg/gün kafein alımı (OR:1,588, CI:1,031- 2,446), obezitesi olan babaya sahip olma (OR:1,089 CI:1,027-1,155), devlet okulu yerine özel okula gitme (OR:2,093, CI:1,298-3,376), hızlı yeme (OR:3,355, CI:1,175-9,583), kısa öğle yemeği süresi (OR:0,966, CI:0,934-0,998), günlük uyku süresinin 2 saat ekran süresi (OR:1,560, CI:1,012-2,405) okul öncesi çocukluk obezitesi ile ilişkili bulunmuştur.

Sonuç: Ebeveyn obezitesi, gebelikte kafein alımı, yeme hızı, günlük uyku ve ekran süresi Türk okul öncesi çocuklarında obezite risk faktörleri olarak belirlendi. Erken çocukluk döneminde anne ve çocuğa ait risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi, yaşam tarzının ve obezojenik çevrenin düzenlenmesi, obeziteden koruyucu olabilir.
Development of Web-Based Learning Media as A Chemistry Learning Supplement
Authors: Ahyan Rian Rifaldi , Saputra Hendra Nelva , Darman Darman
Published: December 2022

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memproduksi media pembelajaran kimia berbasis web yang bisa digunakan oleh pembelajar dan mudah diakses setiap saat oleh pebelajar. Penelitian ini merupakan riset pengembangan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE yang terdiri atas 5 fase yaitu Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara pemberian kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran kimia berbasis web terkategori sangat layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran dengan persentase sebesar 86,6 persen dari ahli media, 95,8 persen dari ahli materi, dan 91,3 persen dari hasil uji kelompok kecil. Media pembelajaran Kimia berbasis web ini dapat dijadikan suplemen pembelajaran untuk mendukung media pembelajaran lainnya yang digunakan oleh pembelajar di sekolah.Â Abstract:Â The purpose of this research wasto produce web-based chemistry learning media that can be used by students and easily accessible at any time . This research is development research using the ADDIE model which consists of 5 phases, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The data collection technique in this study was by distributing a questionnaire. The research results shows that the web-based chemistry learning media is categorized as very suitable for use in learning with a percentage of 86.6 percent from media experts, 95.8 percent from material experts, and 91.3 percent from small group test results. This web-based chemistry learning media can be used as a learning supplement to support other learning media used by students in schools.
Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) Cooperative Type Model Supported by Quizizz on Learning Outcomes
Authors: Al Firdaus Muhammad Reza Fikri , Sukidin Sukidin , Hartanto Wiwin
Published: December 2022

Abstrak:Â Penerapan metode diskusi kelompok pada pembelajaran ekonomi peminatan kelas X IPS masih kurang maksimal dalam memengaruhi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa secara merata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh implementasi model pembelajaran kooperatif Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) berbantuan Quizizz terhadap hasil belajar kognitif dan psikomotorik. Quasi Experimental Design dengan desain Nonequivalent Control Group digunakan sebagai metode penelitian ini. Sampel yang dipakai yakni siswa kelas X IPS 2 dan X IPS 3 sebanyak 68 siswa. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa perolehan rata-rata hasil belajarÂ  kelas X IPS 3 sebesar 79,14. Hasil ini lebih tinggi dari hasil kelas X IPS 2, yang menjadi kelas kontrol rata-ratanya, yaitu 74,52. Hasil pengujian N-gain dari rerata hasil belajar kelas kontrol tergolong kriteria rendah, sedangkan nilai hasil belajar kelas eksperimen termasuk dalam kriteria sedang. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa implementasi pembelajaran model kooperatif tipe STAD dikolaborasikan dengan media Quizizz berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.Abstract:Â The application of the group discussion method in economics learning with specialization in class X IPS was still not optimal to influence the increase of student learning outcomes evenly. This study aims to determine the effect of the cooperative learning model on the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) collaboration by Quizizz in the cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes. A Quasi-Experimental Design with a Nonequivalent Control Group design was used as the research method. The total samples were 68 students from classes X IPS 2 and X IPS 3. The result shows that the average acquisition of class X IPS 3 learning outcome is 79.14. This result is higher than that of class X IPS 2 as the control class, which has 74.52. In the N-gain, the average value of the control class learning outcomes is classified as the low criterion, while the experimental class learning outcomes belong to the medium criterion. This indicates that the implementation of the STAD-type cooperative learning model assisted by Quizizz media has proven to be influential in improving student learning outcomes.Â