bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engrenagem punitiva, violência estrutural, direitos humanos e o universo feminino
Authors: Silva Thalita Araújo , Bolonezi Yollanda Farnezes Soares , Terra Lígia Machado , Silva Mariana Gonçalves de Souza
Published: March 2024

O objetivo deste estudo é demonstrar de que forma o sistema de justiça criminal, por meio de sua engrenagem punitiva, reforça o processo de violência estrutural sofrido, especialmente, pelas mulheres. A partir dos ensinamentos de Vera Andrade, no âmbito da Criminologia Crítica, é possível perceber que a ausência de preocupação com a vítima, no processo penal, intensifica os processos de vitimização secundária e terciária, trazendo para a ofendida consequências negativas para além daquelas que decorrem diretamente do delito. As instâncias de controle social – formais ou informais – deveriam evitar que os efeitos negativos do crime se estendessem para além do delito, porém essa não é a realidade. A passagem da mulher pelo controle social formal, na condição de vítima, faz com que ela reviva todo um contexto de discriminação e estereotipia, que se inicia nas primeiras relações familiares e acaba sendo reforçado pelo sistema de justiça criminal. Assim, tendo em vista que o sistema penal baseia-se em um modelo patriarcal e capitalista que se rege pelo androcentrismo, verifica-se que não há uma verdadeira proteção à vítima – sobretudo em relação às mulheres - mas um reforço desses processos de violência estrutural e, consequentemente, maior sobrevitimização.
Experiência exitosa acerca da construção do saber para uma assistência de enfermagem à mulher climatérica
Authors: Rodrigues Juliana Nascimento de Barros , Vieira Bianca Dargam Gomes , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Calandrini Tatiana do Socorro dos Santos , Santos Marcia Vieira dos , Barbosa Siomara Correia de Holanda , Silva Amanda Mirlla Santos da , Pereira Neusa Aparecida Mendes
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: descrever a experiência da realização de um evento on-line acerca da assistência de enfermagem à mulher climatérica realizado pelo Grupo de Pesquisa Maternidade: Saúde das Mulheres e Crianças, do Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Psiquiátrico, da Escola de Enfermagem Aurora de Afonso Costa/Universidade Federal Fluminense, Eixo de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia, Saúde Sexual e Reprodutiva. Método: trata-se de um relato de experiência a partir de um evento via Google Meet, realizado no dia 12 de julho de 2023, intitulado: Consulta de enfermagem ginecológica com foco na assistência à mulher climatérica: possibilidades e limites, disponibilizado para profissionais da saúde. O tema foi escolhido com base na “percepção” de trabalhar as questões referentes ao climatério na perspectiva de um olhar ampliado, uma abordagem integral e uma assistência de qualidade à mulher durante essa fase da vida, a partir da consulta de enfermagem à mulher na Atenção Primária. A plataforma Menti.com foi utilizada para aumentar a interação dos participantes por meio da construção de uma nuvem de palavras a partir da pergunta “O que você entende por climatério?” Resultados: foram registradas 188   inscrições, sendo 29% de alunos de graduação e 71% de profissionais de enfermagem, provenientes de todas as regiões do Brasil, o que evidencia interesse e engajamento dos profissionais de saúde e pesquisadores no tema da assistência à mulher climatérica. Conclusão: o evento científico on-line demonstrou a importância da assistência de enfermagem à mulher climatérica, reconhecendo tanto as possibilidades quanto os limites inerentes a essa prática. Ficou evidente a relevância desse tema, considerando o impacto que o climatério pode ter na qualidade de vida das mulheres e a necessidade de uma abordagem holística e individualizada nessa fase da vida, baseada nas melhores evidências científicas. Durante o evento evidenciou-se a importância de realização de novos estudos científicos com essa temática, que possibilitem o compartilhamento de conhecimentos, experiências e práticas bem-sucedidas na assistência à mulher climatérica. A troca de informações entre profissionais e pesquisadores contribui para o avanço da ciência da enfermagem, promovendo a melhoria contínua da qualidade dos cuidados oferecidos.
Creation of the indirect-drive cryogenic target with the solid deuterium layer
Authors: Zarubina E. Yu. , Rogozhina M. A. , Chugrov I. A.
Published: March 2024

An indirect-drive cryogenic target is necessary for research in the field of laser thermonuclear fusion at a
megajoule energy level facility. Solid fuel layer in the target must meet high requirements: a roughness of the
inner cryolayer surface must be less than 1 µm, deviations from the sphericity and the concentricity must
be less than 1%. This paper describes the results of the research on meeting these requirements, notably,
cryolayer formation and its characterization. Due to the slow crystallization method of the deuterium layer
with its simultaneous heating by IR radiation it is possible to obtain deviations from the sphericity and the
concentricity of the inner cryolayer surface within limits of 2%, the roughness — within limits of 20 mkm.
Theoretical thermal calculations of the target construction are compared with experiment. The program
system was developed using the optical shadow method which makes it possible to measure liquid fuel when
filling the shell during the performance of the experiment, to perform the characterization of the solid cryogenic
layer parameters, to evaluate characterization results robustness.
THERMOREGULATION SYSTEM FOR BIOSENSORS BASED ON FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS WITH A NANOWIRE CHANNEL
Authors: NIBUDIN G.V. , TSINIAIKIN I.I. , PRESNOVA G.V. , RUBTSOVA M.YU. , POPOV A.A. , MIKHAILOV P.O. , TRIFONOV A.S. , SNIGIREV O.V. , KRUPENIN V.A. , PRESNOV D.E.
Published: March 2024

In this work we present an automatic thermoregulation system for biosensors based on field-effect transistors with a nanowire channel, which provides full control on the required temperature regime in bioanalytical analises. The system elements, including field-effect transistors with a nanowire channel, temperature sensors and heaters, were fabricated on a single silicon cristal using electron beam lithography, reactive ion etching and high-vacuum deposition techniques. Unicue electronics have been developed to control and maintain temperature. The dependence of thermometer readout on heating power was measured, which is in good agreement with the results of numerical simulation. A demonstration of a thermoregulation system with PID-feedback was carried out, ensuring the establishment of a desiered temperature in the range of 30-70◦ C in 18 s in liquid. A demonstration of a thermoregulation system for detecting nucleic acids was carried out using synthetic single-stranded DNA, which is a gene fragment from the bacterium Escherichia coli. The minimal detectable response was observed for a sample with a concentration of 3 fM.
RADIOPROTECTIVE PROTEIN OF TARDIGRADE DSUP (DAMAGE SUPPRESSOR) IS RESISTANT TO HIGH DOSES OF IONIZING RADIATION
Authors: Zarubin M.P. , Nizamieva A.F. , Alexeev S.I. , Mitrofanov S.V. , Gorshkova Y.E. , Kravchenko E.V.
Published: March 2024

The unique Dsup protein of the tardigrade Ramazzottiusvarieornatus increases resistance to radiation and oxidative stress in various species of organisms and in human cell culture. According to modeling data,Dsup forms a complex with DNA with an intermolecular distance of ∼4˚A, as a result of which DNA is lessdamaged by reactive oxygen species formed during exposure to radiation.However, the stability of the Dsupprotein itself under the in uence of ionizing radiation remains unclear, which is important for assessing its radioprotective potential and understanding the molecular mechanisms of the action of this protein under conditions of high doses of radiation. In this work, the radiation degradation of the Dsup protein after γ-ray irradiation by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and protein electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel under denaturing conditions (SDS-PAGE) was studied for the rst time.It has been shown that, in contrast to the control bovine serum albumin, the spatial and structural characteristics of the Dsup protein remain almost unchanged even when exposed to high doses of radiation (5 and 10 kGy), which suggests its high radiation stability.
NEW INFRARED CAMERA OF THE CAUCASIAN MOUNTAIN OBSERVATORY OF THE SAI MSU: DESIGN, MAIN PARAMETERS AND RST LIGHT
Authors: ZHELTOUKHOV S. G. , TATARNIKOV A. M. , BELYAKOVA A. A. , KOKSHAROVA E. A.
Published: March 2024

The paper presents a prototype of an infrared photometer, made by the SAI of MSU on the base of a commercial infrared module Gavin-615A. The operating spectral range of the photometer is 3-5 µm. Studies of the photometer detector have shown that its parameters correspond to those declared by the manufacturer. Nonlinearity of the detector does not exceed ∼ 5% in the whole range of signals, coe cients of correction--function were determined. Additionally, we determined the readout noise RN = 1200 ± 210 e, conversioncoe cient GAIN = 520 ± 9 e/ADU, the BIAS = 960.5 ± 2.2 ADU, and dark current ≈ (9.3 ± 1.1) · 106-e /s,which consists of the sum of the detector dark current and radiation of the entrance window of the detector◦module. The value of dark current was measured at the window temperature of 6 C. Observations werestarted with the photometer at the 2.5-m telescope of the Causasian Mountain Observatory of MSU, the rst results are given in the paper. The unvignetted eld of view is 30'' . In the M band under good atmosphericconditions, an image quality is close to di raction limit. Images of a star with magnitude L = 7.96 and M = 6.78 were obtained with exposure of 20 seconds and a SNR∼10 ratio. It is shown that at high image quality with SNR=3 and exposure of 20 seconds it is possible to observe stars up to L ∼9m and M ∼8m . The main module of the photometer was also used for measurements of the sky background brightness.
BEHAVIOR OF THE GEOMAGNETIC ELD DURING REVERSALS AND EXCURSIONS
Authors: RESHETNYAK M.YU.
Published: March 2024

On the basis of the three-dimensional geodynamo model, it is shown that at small amplitudes of heat sources during reversals and excursions of the geomagnetic eld, attenuation of not only the dipole magnetic eld, but also the eld of high harmonics is observed. In this scenario, the Earth’s magnetosphere may be signi cantly smaller than previously expected, and the amount of radiation penetrating the Earth may be correspondingly greater. On the basis of the three-dimensional geodynamo model, it is shown that at small amplitudes of heat sources during reversals and excursions of the geomagnetic eld, attenuation of not only the dipole magnetic eld, but also the eld of high harmonics is observed. In this scenario, the Earth’s magnetosphere may be signi cantly smaller than previously expected, and the amount of radiation penetrating the Earth may be correspondingly greater.
MULTIBIT UPSETS OF ONBOARD SPACECRAFT ELECTRONICS FROM A SINGLE COSMIC RADIATION PARTICLE
Authors: CHECHENIN N.G. , NOVIKOV N.V. , SHIROKOVA A.A.
Published: March 2024

The analysis of the e ect of high-energy protons of space radiation on the onboard electronics of the spacecraft is carried out. It is shown that protons can cause nuclear reactions with atomic nuclei of electronics material. The residual nuclei formed as a result of a nuclear reaction have su ciently high energy to cross the sensitive areas of several bits of electronics, and the high ionizing ability of nuclear fragments allows generating an excess charge of carriers exceeding the critical charge for the failure to occur simultaneously in several bits of the electronic device.
Electrochemical profiling of natural furanocoumarins: DNA interaction dynamics of oxypeucedanin and prantschimgin
Authors: Kaya Hüseyin Oğuzhan , Albayrak Gokay , Isbilir Hasan , Kurul Fatma , Baykan Sura , Hartati Yeni Wahyuni , Topkaya Seda Nur
Published: March 2024

Background and purpose: In this study, we present an electrochemical sensor for the detection of oxypeucedanin (Oxyp) and prantschimgin (Pra), two natural furanocoumarin derivatives. The determination of the effects of these molecules on DNA is important to be potential drug candidates. Our research focused on exploring the electrochemical behaviour of these compounds and their interaction with DNA. Experimental approach: The electrochemical properties of Oxyp and Pra were systematically analyzed by evaluating their oxidation currents. Changes in the oxidation currents and peak potentials of guanine bases were monitored before and after interaction in the solution phase and at the electrode surface. Key results: The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for Oxyp were determined to be 1.3 and 4.3 µg/mL, respectively. For Pra, the LOD and LOQ were found to be 20 and 68 µg/mL, respectively. Stability studies demonstrated that the Oxyp solution retained its oxidation capacity for over a month, whereas the Pra solution retained its oxidation capacity for nearly 120 min. Our findings suggest that Oxyp interacts with dsDNA, potentially through electrostatic interactions, showing promise as a potential drug candidate targeting DNA. On the other hand, the interaction of Pra with dsDNA requires further exploration to fully understand its mode of action. Conclusion: The electrochemical sensor developed in this study provides a reliable and efficient method for detecting and analysing the interaction of these natural compounds with dsDNA. Our research contributes to advancing the understanding of the interaction between natural furanocoumarins and dsDNA, laying the groundwork for the design and development of novel and effective DNA-targeted drugs.
Transversalidade da Educação Ambiental nas Escolas
Authors: Obando Ilma Marques
Published: March 2024

A transversalidade da educação ambiental nas escolas é um conceito que transcende a mera inclusão de conteúdos ambientais no currículo acadêmico, abraçando uma abordagem interdisciplinar e integradora. Ao ser incorporada de maneira transversal, a educação ambiental permeia todas as disciplinas e atividades escolares, proporcionando aos alunos uma compreensão holística das interações entre sociedade e meio ambiente. Dessa forma, os temas ambientais não são isolados em disciplinas específicas, mas entrelaçados em todas as áreas do conhecimento, enriquecendo o aprendizado e fomentando uma consciência ambiental mais profunda. Dessa maneira, este estudo objetiva analisar o potencial aporte transversal da educação ambiental para a educação escolar. Com uma postura bibliográfica, indicou que ao promover a transversalidade da educação ambiental, as escolas desempenham um papel fundamental na formação de cidadãos conscientes, comprometidos com a sustentabilidade e capazes de compreender a complexidade das questões ambientais em um contexto global.
ALIMENTOS ULTRAPROCESSADOS E SUA INFLUÊNCIA SOBRE AS DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS NÃO TRANSMISSÍVEIS
Authors: Barros Dayane de Melo , Moura Danielle Feijó de , Monte Zenaide Severina do , Silva Kézia Gonsalves de Lima , Ribeiro Amanda Nayane da Silva , Rocha Tamiris Alves , Pimentel Priscylla Raíssa Gomes , Silva Jefferson Thadeu Arruda , Rodrigues Taís Helena Gouveia , Silva Alaíde Amanda da , Barbosa Mariana Marinho Félix , Silva Emanuella Soares da , Gomes Aralí da Costa , Santos Cleiton Cavalcanti dos , Barbosa Talismania da Silva Lira , Silva Hélen Maria Lima da
Published: March 2024

As modificações no sistema alimentar levaram ao aumento do consumo de produtos industrializados, o que resultou em mudanças nos hábitos alimentares, estas caracterizadas por uma dieta de baixa qualidade nutricional. A ingestão elevada de alimentos ultraprocessados pode causar vários prejuízos à saúde estando associada ao desenvolvimento de Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT), as quais oneram em demasia os sistemas de saúde e consequentemente, a sociedade. Diante dessa perspectiva, o objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre os alimentos ultraprocessados e sua influência no desenvolvimento das DCNT. Para tanto foi realizada uma revisão narrativa de literatura utilizando-se para o levantamento dos artigos científicos livro online e bancos de dados online, Periódicos Capes e Google School. Aplicaram-se como parâmetro de inclusão para o levantamento, os descritores: alimentos in natura, alimentos industrializados, consumo alimentar, sobrepeso e obesidade nos idiomas português e inglês. Os achados científicos evidenciaram que, os alimentos ultraprocessados, são ricos em carboidratos, gorduras saturadas, açúcar, sódio e aditivos. Esses produtos apresentam uma maior densidade energética e estão positivamente associados ao ganho de peso corporal, o que consequentemente pode repercutir em sobrepeso e obesidade, além de, resistência à insulina levando à diabetes mellitus e doenças cardiovasculares.
BENEFÍCIOS DO EXERCÍCIO AERÓBICO E ANAERÓBICO NO TRATAMENTO DE PACIENTES COM CÂNCER DE PULMÃO: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Menezes Ariel José dos Santos , Nascimento Graciella Sales , Gadelha Jhonatan Gomes
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: O presente artigo teve como objetivo abordar e comparar a prática do exercício físico aeróbico e anaeróbico no tratamento de pacientes com câncer de pulmão. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de artigos publicados nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine (PUBMED). Foram utilizados para a realização da busca: Câncer de Pulmão e Exercício Físico, Exercício Físico Aeróbico e Anaeróbico e Câncer de Pulmão, Câncer de Pulmão e Saúde Pública, Prevalência do Câncer de Pulmão no Mundo, Benefício do Exercício para Pacientes com Câncer de Pulmão. Resultados: De acordo com os resultados obtidos, observa-se que o exercício regular demonstrou reduzir os sintomas, aumentou a tolerância ao esforço físico, melhorou a qualidade de vida, reduziu o tempo de internação e as complicações pós-operatórias. O câncer de pulmão representa um desafio significativo para a saúde pública no Brasil, sendo uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade relacionadas ao câncer no país. Conclusão: O exercício físico é fundamental no tratamento do câncer de pulmão, melhorando a capacidade física e emocional, prevenindo complicações durante o tratamento.
Introduction
Authors: Malmberg Simon , Seland Eivind Heldaas
Published: March 2024

This volume of Acta ad archaeologia et artium historiam pertinentia gathers selected contributions from the workshop City, Hinterland, and Environment: Urban Resilience in the Late Roman and Early Islamic Period. Held at the University of Bergen September 23-25, 2019. Papers approach the topic from a variety of angles, including cultural and socioeconomic hinterlands and environments, in their discussions of urban resilience. The meeting was part of the project Globalization, Urbanization and Urban Religion in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Roman and Early Islamic periods funded by Nordforsk (grant no. NOSHSWS-2 00052/NOS-HS), with a workshop on globalization taking place at the University of Helsinki in December 2018, and one on urban religion at Aarhus University in May 2019.
Locating Resilience in Ancient Urban Networks
Authors: Woolf Greg
Published: March 2024

One of the striking features of ancient Mediterranean urbanism is the capacity of individual cities to weather all kinds of shocks, from earthquakes, floods, droughts, plagues, and crop failures to sieges and violent shifts in political gravity. This is all the more remarkable given the environmental precarity of ancient Mediterranean life, and the relative instability of so many of the political entities that ruled them. This paper considers these issues in relation to resilience. Resilience theory was developed in the 1970s to investigate why some ecosystems were better able than others to withstand external pressures. Resilient systems “absorb shocks”, “spring back”, or simply “adapt” after major disruptions. The idea has been borrowed by social scientists, including archaeologists and town planners. This paper will ask where resilience is to be located in the ancient world, and will consider the role of urban economics, networks and imperial polities in promoting resilient cities in antiquity.
Changes in Town and Country in Late Antiquity and into the Early Medieval Period in Greece and the Aegean Islands
Authors: Bintliff John
Published: March 2024

The Greek Aegean in the Late Roman era (5th-mid-7th centuries AD) offers a degree of uniformity, developing further the novel urban and rural patterns that mark the previous Imperial centuries. Characteristically, small towns with fortifications and lavish Christian monuments are surrounded by commercial villa estates, while populations shrink drastically from the mid-6th century. In the 7th-8th centuries fundamental regional divergences appear. Most of mainland Greece is lost to the Eastern Roman (aka Early Byzantine) Empire based at Constantinople, the largest towns and coastal ports excepted, following waves of Slavic settlement. A second model is found on the Aegean Islands, where reduced populations largely survive Arab raids and alien settlement through settlement displacement and negotiation. A third model is represented by the large island of Crete, free from invasion until Arab conquest in the 9th century, ironically when a revived Eastern Roman (Middle Byzantine) Empire regains control of the mainland and remaining Aegean Islands. This paper will present the evidence from archaeology for these scenarios, varying in time and space.
Centrifugal Forces Impacting Urbanization in the Eastern Mediterranean during Roman and Early Islamic Times
Authors: LaBianca Øystein S.
Published: March 2024

My goal with this essay is to make the existence of a distinctive Levantine cultural paradigm a lens through which to examine long-term patterns of urbanization and cultural change in the Eastern Mediterranean—focusing especially on present-day Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian territories. Inspired by the agenda and approach of global history, the essay is an attempt to highlight a number of salient features of societal formation processes in this region that set them apart from such processes in the heartlands of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. The paradigm holds that societal formation dynamics in the Levant have been dominated more by centrifugal than by centripetal forces, thus predisposing local social order in the region towards greater local agency, resiliency, polycentrism, heterarchical social structure and societal complexity less conspicuously reflected in grand monumentality. The implications of this hypothesis for understanding urban resilience in the Late Roman and Early Islamic periods in the Eastern Mediterranean will be explored drawing, in particular, on previous research on the “cities of the Decapolis” and on findings of archaeological excavations at Tall Hisban and the wider Madaba Plains region in Jordan.
A Millennium of Resilience, Vulnerability and Sustainability at Rome, c. 200 BCE-800 CE
Authors: Malmberg Simon
Published: March 2024

The contribution uses the four phases of growth, conservation, release, and reorganisation of the adaptive cycle model from resilience theory in a study of developments at Rome in the millennium from the late Republic through late antiquity. In addition, the study applies the concepts of vulnerability and sustainability to investigate responses to crises. The focus is on change in the size of the city of Rome, the relationship between the city and the hinterland, and how society tried to adapt to environmental, economic, political, and social challenges. It concludes that, in the end, the city of Rome proved resilient, and entered the medieval period still the largest city of the Latin world.
Traders on the Margins: The Resilience of a Fourth-Century Trading Community in Roman Egypt
Authors: Teigen Håkon Fiane
Published: March 2024

The contribution aims to shed light on economic relations between cities and hinterland in the antique world by examining papyrological material from Ismant el-Kharab (ancient Kellis) in Egypt’s Dakhleh Oasis. This material provides evidence for a village community in the Oasis and its trade relations with distant urban areas in the Nile Valley. The study draws on recent research into the ancient textile trade to situate the community’s economic strategies. In turn, it examines how these strategies facilitated trade with cities in Upper Egypt, employing the notion of capabilities drawn from communal resilience theory. In conclusion, it is argued that the Kellis material demonstrates how rural communities could attain a high degree of agency within the late antique economy, although it also highlights vulnerabilities to which they were subjected.
Public Space and Cultural Resilience: Urbanism in the Near East in Late Antiquity
Authors: Dickenson Christopher P.
Published: March 2024

The fate of public spaces has loomed large in discussions of what happened to Roman cities in the Near East in Late Antiquity. Much has been made of the way that temples, fora, bathhouses and other amenities went out of use and shops, workshops and domestic premises encroached into squares and streets. Scholars who have seen this as evidence of vitality have made their case in largely economic terms with less attention to culture, thereby implicitly accepting the idea of a privatization of the city and a decline in public space. Ironically, for earlier periods, those same public spaces have often been seen as largely existing for the benefit of the local elite, a veneer of urban splendour that meant little to most inhabitants. This article challenges the simplistic way in which this approach has used ‘publicness’ as a label to be applied, drawing anthropological theory to see ‘publicness’ as a quality to be explored. Taking Scythopolis and Jerash as case studies, it makes the case that public space provided a cushion for absorbing the stresses of economic and political change in Late Antiquity and was, therefore, a key contributor to the resilience of the culture of urban life.
Måste man jamföra?
Authors: Magnussen Jon
Published: March 2024

.
Update on the gut microbiome in health and diseases
Authors: Salvadori Maurizio , Rosso Giuseppina
Published: March 2024

The Human Microbiome Project, Earth Microbiome Project, and next-generation sequencing have advanced novel genome association, host genetic linkages, and pathogen identification. The microbiome is the sum of the microbes, their genetic information, and their ecological niche. This study will describe how millions of bacteria in the gut affect the human body in health and disease. The gut microbiome changes in relation with age, with an increase in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes . Host and environmental factors affecting the gut microbiome are diet, drugs, age, smoking, exercise, and host genetics. In addition, changes in the gut microbiome may affect the local gut immune system and systemic immune system. In this study, we discuss how the microbiome may affect the metabolism of healthy subjects or may affect the pathogenesis of metabolism-generating metabolic diseases. Due to the high number of publications on the argument, from a methodologically point of view, we decided to select the best papers published in referred journals in the last 3 years. Then we selected the previously published papers. The major goals of our study were to elucidate which microbiome and by which pathways are related to healthy and disease conditions.
Can propensity score matching replace randomized controlled trials?
Authors: Liau Matthias Yi Quan , Toh En Qi , Muhamed Shamir , Selvakumar Surya Varma , Shelat Vishalkumar Girishchandra
Published: March 2024

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have long been recognized as the gold standard for establishing causal relationships in clinical research. Despite that, various limitations of RCTs prevent its widespread implementation, ranging from the ethicality of withholding potentially-lifesaving treatment from a group to relatively poor external validity due to stringent inclusion criteria, amongst others. However, with the introduction of propensity score matching (PSM) as a retrospective statistical tool, new frontiers in establishing causation in clinical research were opened up. PSM predicts treatment effects using observational data from existing sources such as registries or electronic health records, to create a matched sample of participants who received or did not receive the intervention based on their propensity scores, which takes into account characteristics such as age, gender and comorbidities. Given its retrospective nature and its use of observational data from existing sources, PSM circumvents the aforementioned ethical issues faced by RCTs. Majority of RCTs exclude elderly, pregnant women and young children; thus, evidence of therapy efficacy is rarely proven by robust clinical research for this population. On the other hand, by matching study patient characteristics to that of the population of interest, including the elderly, pregnant women and young children, PSM allows for generalization of results to the wider population and hence greatly increases the external validity. Instead of replacing RCTs with PSM, the synergistic integration of PSM into RCTs stands to provide better research outcomes with both methods complementing each other. For example, in an RCT investigating the impact of mannitol on outcomes among participants of the Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial, the baseline characteristics of comorbidities and current medications between treatment and control arms were significantly different despite the randomization protocol. Therefore, PSM was incorporated in its analysis to create samples from the treatment and control arms that were matched in terms of these baseline characteristics, thus providing a fairer comparison for the impact of mannitol. This literature review reports the applications, advantages, and considerations of using PSM with RCTs, illustrating its utility in refining randomization, improving external validity, and accounting for non-compliance to protocol. Future research should consider integrating the use of PSM in RCTs to better generalize outcomes to target populations for clinical practice and thereby benefit a wider range of patients, while maintaining the robustness of randomization offered by RCTs.
Literatur Review : Pengaruh Penggunaan E-Modul Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Fujiarti Ari , Meilania Diva Kartika , Angraeni Mita , Umah Rani Nur
Published: March 2024

Pembelajaran merupakan suatu proses pembelajaran yang memerlukan metode, media serta strategi pembelajaran, yang dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa, e-modul merupakan salah satu contoh dari media pembelajaran yang berbasis digital, media pembelajaran merupakan wadah atau cara yang digunakan para pendidik untuk melakukan proses pembelajaran dimana media dapat memudahkan pendidik dalam proses penyampaian materi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh E-Modul dalam proses pembelajaran khususnya pada hasil belajar peserta didik, dan terbukti dari beberapa penelitian terdahulu bahwa terdapat pengaruh E-Modul terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan literature review dari penelitian-penelitian terdahulu dalam google scholar jurnal tahun 2019-2023. Dari semua penelitian yang digunakan menghasilkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh e-modul terhadap hasil belajar siswa dengan melihat hasil validitas, kepraktisan dan keefektifan dalam penelitian tersebut menunjukan memang e-modul layak dijadikan media pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa sekolah dasar, karena adanya pengaruh digitalisasi dengan pembelajaran menjadikan proses pembelajaran menjadi tak biasa dan menarik sehingga mampu meningkatkan minat siswa dalam belajar yang mempengaruhi hasil dari pembelajaran tersebut.
Effects of Nutrition Education on Therapeutic Life Style Changes of Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Miletus in Public Hospitals at Hawassa City Southern Ethiopia
Authors:   School of Nutrition, Food Science & Technology, Hawassa University, Ethiopia, Tesfaye Hawi , Mulalem Demelash ,   School of Nutrition, Food Science & Technology, Hawassa University, Ethiopia, Hailu Dejene ,   School of Nutrition, Food Science & Technology, Hawassa University, Ethiopia
Published: March 2024

Back ground: Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, due to absolute or relative deficiency or diminished effectiveness of circulating insulin. It is the most common and serious metabolic disease. Efforts targeting prevention of diabetes and associated complications through life style modification is crucial. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of nutrition education on therapeutic life style changes of adults with type 2 Diabetic patients at public hospitals in Hawassa City southern Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based randomized control trial was conducted. 150 (75 in each group) type 2 Diabetic patients was selected using simple random sampling technique. The data were collected using structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview with diabetes mellitus patients by trained nutritionists. Data were entered into SPSS version 23 for cleaning and analyses. Two independent samples T-test was used to compare means of continuous outcomes between the two groups. Statistical significance was declared at p value <0.05. Results: The research results revealed that there was significant difference in mean (±SD) knowledge scores about type 2 diabetes mellitus 25.7 (17.12)versus 53.5(19.00);mean (±SD) knowledge scores about dietary intake 52.1 (19.14) versus 71.9 (13.20); and mean (±SD) score of attitude towards dietary intake and physical activity, 69.6 (14.47) versus 82.9(12.28)mean (±SD) score of practice of dietary intake and physical activity 46.3 (15.12) versus 63.2 (17.52) and score of glucose level in blood184.3(58.78)versus150.1 (50.76) between the control and intervention group, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusions: Knowledge, attitude and desirable practice of lifestyle modification were significantly improved among patients received the intervention. In addition, there were improvements in the HBM components in the intervention group compared with the control group. This suggests that empowering the patients would benefit for proper management of diabetes mellitus. Keywords: knowledge, attitude, practice of lifestyle modification, therapeutic life style education, Hawassa, Ethiopia
Hubungan Burnout terhadap Perilaku Prokrastinasi Akademik pada Mahasiswa Keperawatan Universitas Riau
Authors: Putri Karolin Paninzela Dwi , Nauli Fathra Annis , Aziz Ari Rahmat
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan burnout terhadap perilaku prokrastinasi akademik pada mahasiswa keperawatan Universitas Riau. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif korelasi dan pendekatan cross-sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel yaitu sebanyak 308 mahasiswa. Analisa data menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan persentase, serta analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square. Instrumen penelitian pada variabel burnout menggunakan kuesioner MBI-SS (Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey) dan variabel prokrastinasi akademik menggunakan kuesioner APS (Academic Procrastination Scale). Mayoritas responden mengalami burnout pada kategori sedang yaitu sebanyak 222 mahasiswa (72,1%) dan memiliki perilaku prokrastinasi akademik pada kategori tinggi sebanyak 164 mahasiswa (53,2%). Hasil uji statistik chi-square menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna burnout terhadap perilaku prokrastinasi akademik pada mahasiswa keperawatan Universitas Riau dengan p-value sebesar 0,000 (p<0,05). Kesimpulannya bahwa: Burnout mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna terhadap perilaku prokrastinasi akademik pada mahasiswa keperawatan Universitas Riau yang artinya semakin tinggi kondisi burnout maka semakin tinggi pula perilaku prokrastinasi akademik pada mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memotivasi dan menambah wawasan mahasiswa untuk mengurangi atau mencegah burnout dan perilaku prokrastinasi akademik.
A produção escrita de sujeitos bilíngues:
Authors: Megale Antonieta , Pinsdorf Gabriela
Published: March 2024

O crescimento de escolas bilíngues no Brasil impulsiona a necessidade de compreendermos os processos que levam um estudante a se alfabetizar nessas línguas. Nesse cenário, este estudo tem como objetivo discutir a partir da noção de bilinguismo dinâmico (GARCÍA, 2009) como o sujeito bilíngue acessa os recursos construídos em seu repertório para produzir textos escritos na fase de alfabetização inicial em movimentos que revelam seu translinguar (GARCÍA; WEI, 2014). Em consonância com essa visão de linguagem, debatemos que o conceito de transferência entre línguas, muito utilizado para explicarmos o processo de construção de conhecimento por sujeitos bilíngues, revela uma visão de linguagem monoglóssica e que, portanto, a partir de lentes translíngues e heteroglóssicas, não podemos conceber as aprendizagens de bilíngues a partir do ato de transferir saberes construídos em uma língua para a outra língua (GARCÍA, et al., 2021). De outra feita, esclarecemos que ao considerar a integridade do repertório, não se tratam de transferências linguísticas, mas sim, de acessos. Um conhecimento construído em uma determinada língua compõe o repertório singular do sujeito bilíngue, e pode ser acessado por outra língua, sempre que necessário.
La Política Nacional de vivienda y el desarrollo sostenido de los pueblos con valor arquitectónico
Authors:   Universidad Ricaldo Palma, Gómez de la Torre Salas César Enrique Gómez de la Torre Salas
Published: March 2024

The study aimed to identify the national housing policy that is related to the sustained development of the town with architectural value: case of Pueblo Espíritu Santo, District of Antioquia, Province of Huarochirí, Lima - 2016. The investigation was correlational, the descriptive level and the method were hypothetical de-ductive with a population of 965 officials of the Provincial Municipality of Huarochirí, officials of the District Municipality of Antioquia and residents of the District of Antioquia and a sample of 275 people randomized among officials of the Provincial Municipality of Huarochirí, officials of the District Municipality of Antio-quia and residents of the district of Antioquia. The observation technique and the survey were used as an instrument of the study. From the study of hypothesis contrast between the variables: the national housing policy and the sustained development of the town with architectural value, an Asymptotic Significance value of 2.15% was obtained for a significance level of 5%, as the value obtained with the critical value according to the level of significance the null hypothesis was rejected and the working hypothesis was accepted. After carrying out the investigation, it was concluded that, according to Pearson’s correlation study, it was a value of 0.8993 indicating that there is a Very High Level of correlation between: National housing policy and the sustained development of peoples With architectural value: case of Pueblo Espíritu Santo, of the District of Antioquia, Province of Huarochirí, Lima - 2016.
PARTICIPACIÓN DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS DEL PERÚ EN LA EMERGENCIA SANITARIA NACIONAL POR LA COVID-19
Authors:   Centro de Altos Estudios Nacionales - Escuela de Posgrado, Pizarro Carrillo Víctor
Published: March 2024

The role played by the Armed Forces has been changing, leading to an increasingly active and strategic parti-cipation, based on the intertwining of their functions with the security and internal order of a given country. This new conception has been reflected in the legal norms, by including the Armed Forces in the internal order, thus expanding their functions towards a social aspect. Based on the above, the objective of this research was to delimit the measures taken in the face of the health emergency by COVID-19 and how these made the active participation of the Armed Forces in the internal control of the country viable. The research was descriptive and qualitative in approach. The unit of analysis was made up of normative documents referring to security and defense, both at national and international level, and more specifically those normative documents related to policies of participation of the Armed Forces with respect to the national security and defense of Peru within the framework of COVID-19, as well as the actions that were executed based on these decrees. As for the data collection techniques, direct observation and documentary analysis were used and, with respect to the infor-mation collection instruments, bibliographic files were used, which were organized according to two variables of analysis: capacity of the Armed Forces and participation in the health emergency. It was found that the legisla-tive decrees granted constitutionality to the actions carried out by the Armed Forces to maintain internal order, therefore, it was concluded that the current Constitution enables the Armed Forces to participate in security in cases of internal order, based on the needs and emergencies that may arise.
IMPACTO ECONÓMICO Y SOCIAL DE LA COVID-19 EN EL PERÚ
Authors:   Centro de Altos Estudios Nacionales- Escuela de Posgrado, Huaman Fernández Jackeline Roxana
Published: March 2024

COVID-19 is a disease that has not only caused the loss of many human lives, but has also increased the po-verty gap, impacting human development. Based on the above, the objective of this research was to identify the economic and social impact of the crisis caused by COVID-19 in Peru. The research was descriptive-ex-planatory and quantitative, and the design was non-experimental and cross-sectional. The unit of analysis consisted of documents referring to macroeconomic indicators of the States at the global level; in particular, documents detailing macroeconomic indicators at the national level, such as data from the Lima Stock Ex-change and projections from the Ministry of Economy and Finance. In terms of data collection techniques and instruments, documentary analysis and the registration form were used, respectively. It was found that, between 2016 and 2019, a sustained growth rate was evidenced at the national level; however, the stoppage of economic activities to prevent the spread of COVID-19, led to a decrease in economic sectors. Based on the above, it was concluded that the sanitary crisis generated by COVID-19 has affected the development of Peru, increasing the levels of poverty and inequality, problems that will only be solved through the develop-ment and implementation of public policies that promote the adequate recovery of the national economy.
PROPUESTA METODOLÓGICA PARA LA MEDICIÓN DE LA SEGURIDAD NACIONAL
Authors:   Centro de Altos Estudios Nacionales- Escuela de Posgrado, Zavaleta Ramos Humberto
Published: March 2024

Security is both an individual and collective need, becoming one of the main concerns of the States, at the international level, leading them to establish public policies that guarantee National Security. Based on its importance, this research aimed, in the first instance, to demonstrate the correlational existence between com-pliance with the objectives of the National Security policy and the level of National Security, in order to develop a methodological proposal for measuring the National Security, the latter being the main objective of the inves-tigation. The research was descriptive-correlational type; the quantitative approach, and the non-experimental and cross-sectional design. The population was made up of experts on the subject of National Security and De-fense; while the sample consisted of 30 experts in National Security and Defense. Regarding the data collection techniques and instruments, these were the interview and the questionnaire, respectively. It should be noted that for the hypothesis test the SPPS version 24 software was used, choosing the Spearman Rho statistical test; Based on the results obtained, the methodological proposal for measuring National Security was elaborated. It was found that compliance with the objectives of the National Security and Defense Policy are directly related to the level of National Security. Therefore, it was concluded that the measurement proposal should be carried out in two moments: first, the development of the appropriate indicators, and then measure National Security in Phase 4 of the Strategic Planning for Continuous Improvement.
Optimizing Inventory Management of MFD Studio To Reduce The High Lost Sales
Authors: Raka Aditya Prayoga  , Nur Budi Mulyono
Published: March 2024

This research delves into optimizing inventory management at MFD Studio by implementing demand forecasting to mitigate lost sales. Notably, the company has encountered a significant loss of sales, approximately 31.26% of the revenue generated by their flagship product, Outer, which has consistently held the position of the best-seller from 2021 to 2023, contributing approximately 60% to MFD Studio's overall product line during this period. The research aims to enhance inventory management efficiency by employing demand forecasting techniques. The methodology includes a thorough literature review, analysis of root causes, and conceptual framework development. The findings underscore the substantial impact of demand forecasting on inventory management, leading to a noteworthy reduction in lost sales. The study advocates for adopting a quantitative approach to demand forecasting, explicitly endorsing the ARIMA, Holt, and Winter models. Notably, the ARIMA model stands out with the lowest error, boasting a 0.0059 RMSE value, 0.0025 MAE value, and 0.0363 MAPE value. The forecast generated by the ARIMA model is anticipated to diminish the likelihood of future lost sales to 5.5%, representing a substantial decrease from the initial 31.26%. In conclusion, this research underscores the pivotal role of demand forecasting as a crucial tool for businesses, particularly in similar industries, to enhance inventory management and curtail lost sales. The practical recommendations contribute significantly to inventory management, offering actionable insights for businesses seeking to optimize their inventory processes.
Pentingnya Memahami Tafsīr, Takwīl, dan Terjemah Al Qur'an: Menghindari Penafsiran yang Salah dan Kontroversial
Authors: Jannah Chulyatin , Mustofa Muhammad Kamalul , Al-Faruq Umar
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki pentingnya memahami tafsir, takwil, dan terjemah Al-Qur'an dalam rangka menghindari penafsiran yang salah dan kontroversial. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur, dengan mengumpulkan dan menganalisis berbagai sumber literatur yang relevan. Penafsiran Al-Qur'an menjadi subjek yang kompleks dan sensitif karena dapat mempengaruhi pemahaman dan implementasi ajaran agama Islam. Keberagaman interpretasi yang muncul dari para cendekiawan dan masyarakat muslim telah menghasilkan berbagai pandangan yang berbeda dalam memahami teks suci Al-Qur'an. Oleh karena itu, pemahaman yang tepat terhadap tafsir, takwil, dan terjemah Al-Qur'an menjadi penting untuk menghindari penafsiran yang salah dan kontroversial.

Studi literatur dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan dan menganalisis berbagai karya ilmiah, buku, artikel, dan publikasi terkait yang membahas tentang pentingnya memahami tafsir, takwil, dan terjemah Al-Qur'an. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan mengidentifikasi pola-pola dan temuan-temuan penting yang berkaitan dengan masalah penemuan yang salah dan kontroversial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman yang benar terhadap tafsir, takwil, dan terjemah Al-Qur'an memainkan peran yang sangat penting dalam menghindari penemuan yang salah dan kontroversial. Dengan memahami konteks sejarah, budaya, dan linguistik Al-Qur'an, individu dapat menghindari kesalahan interpretasi yang mungkin menghasilkan pemahaman yang tidak akurat atau bahkan merusak.