bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A digitális modell kontrollja a közbeszerzési eljárásokban
Authors: Szőke Brigitta , Cuprik Vanda
Published: July 2021

Tanulmányunkban a közbeszerzési eljárásokban alkalmazott digitális modellek értelmezésére kerül sor különböző példákon keresztül. Mivel az eljárás előkészítése során nem lehet tudni, hogy milyen ajánlatok érkeznek a piaci szereplőktől, és a lineáris gondolkozás, nem érvényes, ezért az előkészítés során a digitális modellel történő széleskörű hatásvizsgálatot kell végezni és az értékelési módszer ismertetésénél gondosan meg kell határozni nemcsak az alkalmassághoz szükséges minőségi paraméter értékét, hanem azt az értéket is, amelynél kedvezőbb ajánlati tartalmi elemet az ajánlatkérő csak ezzel az értékkel vesz figyelembe. Mint minden modellezésnél, itt is fontos, hogy elemzésre alkalmas bemenő adatok legyenek megadva, és a következtetéseket ezekre (valamint a modell tulajdonságaira) tekintettel kerüljenek megfogalmazásra. Amennyiben nincs általános törvényszerűség, akkor a következtetéseknél közölni kell azok érvényességét – a félreértések elkerülésére. Ugyancsak tudatában kell lenni, hogy a beszerzési eljárások előkészítése során nem lehet tudni, milyen ajánlatok fognak érkezni. A modell extrém input adatok esetén is működik, de az eredményeinek felhasználhatósága kétséges. Tulajdonképpen minden lefolytatott közbeszerzési eljárás során gyűlnek a tapasztalatok, melyeket a hasonló tárgyú következő eljárásban fel lehet használni.
The Effect Entrepreneurship Education and Subjective Norm on Biology Students’ Self-Efficacy in Entrepreneurial
Authors: Muliadi Agus , Mirawati Baiq , Prayogi Saiful
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of entrepreneurship education and subjective norms on students’ self-efficacy in the field of entrepreneurship. This study is an exploratory research with 35 students’ of biology education as research subjects. The research instrument used is a closed questionnaire with answers that are degraded according to the Likert scale which has been declared valid and reliable to use. Analysis of research data used is descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with multiple linear regression test at a significance level of 5%. The results of the study show that (1) students' perceptions of entrepreneurship education have an average of 3.15 in the Good category, subjective norms of 3.06 in the Good category, and self-efficacy of 3.12 in the Good category; (2) There is an effect of entrepreneurship education and subjective norms on students’ self-efficacy with an F value of 11.713 and a significance value (p) <0.05; (3) Entrepreneurship education and subjective norms simultaneously affect the self-efficacy of biology students’ by 42.3% and the rest are influenced by other variables or factors.
Tourism’s Effect on the Housing Prices in Turkey: The ARDL Bound Testing Approach
Authors: KARIŞ Çiğdem , ALTINTAŞ Derya
Published: July 2021

The goal of this study is to determine the effect of tourism on housing prices in Turkey both nationally and regionally. It is important for countries to increase their recognition in the international arena through efficient marketing and promotional activities in order to achieve the economic benefits that are expected from tourism. This recognition may cause an increase in the number of arriving foreign tourists. The increase in the number of incoming foreign tourists may affect the housing prices of the relevant countries naturally. In this context, the effect of tourism on housing prices in the long term has been researched by using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound testing approach through monthly data belonging to the 2010:01-2018:12 period. The findings acquired indicated that the number of foreign tourists coming from Europe and the Middle East created a positive effect on the housing prices of the Mediterranean region in the long term while the number of foreign tourists coming from Asia and Commonwealth Independent States created a negative effect on the housing prices in the Mediterranean region. Moreover, it has been determined that the number of foreign tourists coming from Europe and the Commonwealth Independent States had a negative effect on the housing prices in the Black Sea region in the long run, while the number of foreign tourists coming from Asia created a positive effect on the housing prices in the Black Sea region. The number of foreign tourists coming from Asia also created a positive effect on the housing prices in Marmara2 region in the long run.
ÇATIŞMA-UZLAŞMA EKSENİNDE SİNEMADA BİR ORTAÇAĞ KLASİĞİ: EL CİD
Authors: AKÇORU Rabia , ARIKAN Arda
Published: July 2021

Film, şiir ya da destan olsun, topluma sunulan her eser yaratıcısından, yaratıcısının öznel geçmişinden ve onun yetiştiği toplumun ortak bilincinden izler taşır. Olasılıkla bu nedenledir ki birçok sosyolojik çalışma sinemayı topluma tutulmuş bir ayna olarak görür. Her filmin belge olarak bir değeri olduğu, izleyicilerin düşünsel ve bilişsel dağarcıklarını da etkilediği için filmin senaryo yazarı, yönetmeni, kostümü, dekoru ve izleyicisi arasında bir bağ kurulduğu bilinmektedir. Bu savdan yola çıkarsak kurgu filmlerin, belgesel niteliği haiz, “psiko-sosyo-tarihsel” gerçekliklere bir kapı açtığını da görebiliriz. Filmleri sinematografik açıdan okumak da aslında tarihçiye kendisinin geçmişi nasıl okuduğunu gösterir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmada yönetmenliğini Anthony Mann’in yaptığı ve başrollerini Charlton Heston ve Sophia Lauren’in paylaştığı El Cid (1961) filmi, içinde barındırdığı çatışmalar ekseninde ele alınmaktadır. Bunu yaparken de filmin dayandırıldığı tarihsel gerçekliklere ek olarak filmin Ortaçağ İspanya’sında yaşanan Hıristiyan-Müslüman çatışması, kadın ve erkek olma durumları ve Ortaçağ’ın destan kahramanına özgü nitelikler açısından bir okuması sunulmaktadır. Çalışmada sonuç olarak Ortaçağ’da Doğu ve Batı’nın buluşmasının sinemadaki mezkûr örneklendirmesi okuyucuya çatışmalar arasında bir uzlaşma olarak sunulacaktır.
IMPLEMENTASI ASAS PROPORSIONALITAS DALAM PERJANJIAN TERAPAUTIK DALAM RANGKA MEWUJUDKAN KEADILAN BAGI PASIEN
Authors: Setyawan Alfis , Hadiyati Nur
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Therapeutic agreements are agreements made between doctors and patients in general related to the health efforts that will be taken. The practice of therapeutic agreements sometimes raises awareness for patients who have minimal knowledge of medicine and tend to be harmed. This leads to therapeutic agreements needing an in-depth legal review. The issues to be examined are urgency agreements are examined from civil law and the application of the principle of proportionality in therapeutic agreements generally. The research uses normative legal research with conceptual approaches. It is found that the application of the principle of proportionality in therapeutic agreements and the fulfilling of elements in civil law can be an effort to provide justice for all parties both doctors and patients.Keywords: the principle of proportionality, patients, doctors, agreements therapeutic. ABSTRAK Perjanjian terapeutik merupakan kesepakatan yang dilakukan antara dokter dan pasien pada umumnya terkait dengan upaya kesehatan yang akan ditempuh. Praktek dari perjanjian terapeutik terkadang menimbulkan kewaspadaan bagi pasien yang memiliki pengetahuan yang minim terkait dunia kedokteran dan cenderung pasien menjadi pihak yang dirugikan. Hal ini menyebabkan perjanjian terapeutik perlu kajian hukum yang mendalam. Permasalahan yang akan diteliti yaitu urgensi perjanjian terpautik ditinjau dari hukum keperdataan dan penerapan asas proporsionalitas dalam perjanjian terapeutik umumnya. Penelitian menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual. Ditemukan adanya penerapan asas proporsionalitas dalam perjanjian terapeutik serta dipenuhinya unsur-unsur dalam hukum keperdataan dapat menjadi upaya dalam memberikan keadilan bagi seluruh pihak baik Dokter maupun pasien.Kata kunci : asas proposionalitas, pasien, dokter, perjanjian terapautik
ASPEK HUKUM PEMBERHENTIAN PEGAWAU NEGERI SIPIL BERDASARKAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 30 TAHUN 2019 TENTANG PENILAIAN KINERJA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL
Authors: Permadi Iwan
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTPerformance appraisal of civil servants as stipulated in article 77 number (6) of Law Number 5 of 2014 concerning State Civil Apparatus, this article states that a civil servant whose performance evaluation is not in accordance with the established targets is subject to sanctions in the form of administrative sanctions until dismissal. Basically, the performance of civil servants is the result and assessment of work carried out by civil servants in quality and quantity that has been achieved by a civil servant in carrying out the duties, authorities, obligations and responsibilities that have been given. This changes the paradigm that has been formed so far that being a civil servant is impossible to be dismissed, and a civil servant is not an office employee who is assessed based on performance appraisal, from that background we formulate the issue What is the legis ratio of dismissal of civil servants based on performance appraisal in PP Number 30 of 2019 concerning work evaluation? and What are the legal implications of the dismissal of civil servants based on performance appraisal in PP Number 30 of 2019 concerning Performance Appraisal.Keywords: Assessment, Performance, Civil Servants ABSTRAKPenilaian kinerja PNS diatur pasal 77 angka (6) Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara menyebutkan bahwa seorang PNS yang penilaian kinerjanya tidak sesuai target yang telah ditetapkan maka dikenakan sanksi berupa sanksi administratif hingga pemberhentian. Pada dasarnya kinerja PNS merupakan hasil dan penilaian kerja yang dilakukan oleh PNS secara kualitas dan kuantitas yang telah dicapai oleh seseorang PNS dalam melaksanakan tugas, kewenangan, kewajiban dan tanggung jawab yang telah diberikan. Hal ini merubah paradigma yang selama ini telah terbentuk bahwa menjadi seorang PNS mustahil untuk dapat diberhentikan, dan seorang PNS bukanlah seorang pegawai kantoran yang dinilai berdasarkan penilaian kinerja, dari latar belakang itulah maka kami merumuskan masalah Apa ratio legis dari pemberhentian PNS berdasarkan penilaian kinerja dalam PP Nomor 30 Tahun 2019 tentang Penilaian Kerja? Serta Apa implikasi hukum dari pemberhentian PNS berdasarkan penilaian kinerja dalam PP Nomor 30 Tahun 2019 tentang Penilaian Kinerja.Kata kunci: Penilaian, Kinerja, Pegawai Negeri Sipil
TINDAKAN ULTRA VIRES DIREKSI DAN AKIBAT HUKUMNYA BAGI PERSEROAN TERBATAS
Authors: Rokhim Abdul
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe Actions of the Board of Directors are legally qualified as the actions of the Company as a legal entity if carried out by the authority and objectives of the Company as stated in the company's articles of association. The actions of directors that are carried out outside the authority or beyond the authority(ultra vires)cannot be qualified as the actions of the company. As a result, such legal action is not binding on the Company and only binds the Board of Directors personally with third parties. The problems examined are the limits of authority of the Board of Directors according to the UUPT and the doctrine and concept of ultra vires directors. Types of normative juridical research with conceptual approach and statute approach. The actions of the board of directors as long as it is carried out within the limits of the authority granted by the law and the articles of association of PT(intra vires)are legally viewed as the actions of PT as a legal entity. Actions of the Board of Directors that are carried out outside the authority or exceed their authority as stipulated in the laws and articles of association of PT(ultra vires)the Board of Directors must be personally responsible with third parties.Keywords: Ultra Vires Action; Board of Directors; Limited Liability Company ABSTRAKTindakan Direksi secara hukum dikualifikasi sebagai tindakan perseroan selaku badan hukum apabila dilakukan sesuai dengan kewenangan dan tujuan perseroan sebagaimana tercantum dalam anggaran dasar perseroan. Tindakan direksi yang dilakukan di luar kewenangan atau melampaui kewenangan (ultra vires) tidak dapat dikualifikasi sebagai tindakan perseroan. Akibatnya, tindakan hukum tersebut tidak mengikat perseroan dan hanya mengikat Direksi secara pribadi dengan pihak ketiga. Permasalahan yang diteliti yaitu batas-batas kewenangan Direksi menurut UUPT dan doktrin dan konsep ultra vires direksi. Jenis penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan konsep (conceptual approach) dan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach). Tindakan direksi sepanjang dilakukan dalam batas-batas kewenangan yang diberikan oleh undang-undang dan anggaran dasar PT (intra vires) secara hukum dipandang sebagai tindakan PT selaku badan hukum. Tindakan Direksi yang dilakukan di luar kewenangan atau melampaui kewenangannya sebagaimana diatur dalam undang-undang dan anggaran dasar PT (ultra vires) Direksi harus bertanggung jawab secara pribadi dengan pihak ketiga.Kata Kunci: Tindakan Ultra Vires; Direksi; Perseroan Terbatas
THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN REGIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOR THE HANDLING OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Abrori Fahrul
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAKPandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi di Indonesia membuat pemerintah membuat kebijakan-kebijakan sebagai stimulus untuk menjaga kestabilan masyarakat dan perekonomian. Pemerintah pusat memberikan kewenangan kepada pemerintah daerah untuk mengelola keuangan daerah untuk menangani covid-19 di daerah masing-masing. Hal ini disebabkan karena pemerintah daerah lebih memahami kebutuhan daerahnya. Permasalahan yang diangkat Pertama, bagaimana hubungan Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam pengelolaan keuangan untuk penanganan pandemi Covid-19? Kedua, Apa peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam pengelolaan keuangan daerah untuk penanganan pandemi Covid-19? Menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep. Hubungan Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan untuk Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 yaitu desentralisasi fiskal yang mana. Peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah untuk Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 yaitu dengan melakukan refocusing kegiatan, realokasi anggaran, dan Penggunaan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah.Kata kunci: Pemerintah Daerah, Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah, Pandemi Covid-19 ABSTRACTThe Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia led the government to make policies as a stimulus to maintain the stability of society and the economy. The central government authorizes local governments to manage local finances to deal with covid-19 in their respective regions. This is because the local government better understands the needs of the region. The issue raised first, how is the relationship between the Central Government and Local Government in financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic? Second, What is the role of local governments in regional financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic? Using normative juridical research methods with statutory approaches and concept approaches. The relationship between the Central Government and Local Government in Financial Management for the Handling of the Covid-19 Pandemic is fiscal decentralization. The role of local governments in regional financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic is by refocusing activities, reallocating budgets, and using regional budgets.Keywords: Local Government, Regional Financial Management, Covid-19 Pandemic
Teleost fish: a new spontaneous model for the study of Lambl’s excrescences
Authors: Mugetti D , Colombino E , Capucchio MT , Salogni C , Pastorino P , Chiappino L , Sereno A , Prearo M , Guarda F
Published: July 2021

Lambl’s excrescences (LE) are fibrous strands typically occurring at coaptation lines of cardiac valves. Although they have been widely reported in human medicine, information on LE occurrence in veterinary medicine is still scarce. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of LE in different freshwater fish and in swordfish. A total of 185 hearts were collected from different fish species, and samples of different cardiac areas (sinus venosus, atrial wall with sinoatrial valves, ventricular wall with atrioventricular valves and bulb with bulboventricular valves) were submitted to histopathological evaluation. LE were detected in 6 of 103 freshwater fish (5.8%) and 19 of 82 swordfish (23.2%). LE developed in atrioventricular, sinoatrial and bulboventricular valves. All affected valves also showed endocardiosis. Based on the results of the present work, teleost fish, specifically swordfish, could be proposed as a novel spontaneous model for the study of LE pathogenesis.
"KAWIN TANGKAP" TRADITION IN MAQASID AL-SYARI’AH AND INDONESIAN LAW PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Muhdi Muhdi
Published: July 2021

This article is the result of a qualitative field research with a legal sociology approach. This article discusses the tradition of intermarrying with the eyes of Islamic law and positive law. The researcher uses the maqasid shariah theory in explaining the legal position of capture marriage. The maqasid shariah theory has a flexible and adaptive character in determining the legal status of localistic matters. The location of this research is in Pekalongan village, Sampang district, Madura. This study concludes that marriage arrests in the village of Pekalongan are legal, even obligatory, seeing that the implementation of the marriage arrest law cannot be separated from the main purpose of implementing Islamic laws. Capture marriage fulfills the maqashid al-sharī'ah element. Capture marriages function as hifd al din, namely tradition as religious social control, as a social protection system that fulfills the elements of hifdh an-nafs (avoiding cases of violence and vigilantism), hifdh an-nasl (avoiding offspring from illicit relationships), hifdh al-mal (avoiding the use of money in vain), hifdh al-aql (maintaining a healthy mindset and avoiding depression). Capture marriages are marriages that have no legal force because they are not registered..

Keywords: kawin tangkap tradition, maqasid shariah, law

 

Abstrak

Artikel ini adalah hasil penelitian kualitatif lapangan dengan pendekatan sosiologi hukum. Artikel ini mendiskusikan tradisi kawin tangkap dengan kacamata hukum islam dan hukum positif. Peneliti menggunakan teori maqasid shariah dalam menjelaskan posisi hukum kawin tangkap. Teori maqasid shariah mempunyai karakter fleksibel dan adaptif dalam menentukan status hukum hal yang bersifat lokalistik. Lokasi penelitian ini berada di desa Pekalongan Kecamatan Sampang Madura. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kawin Tangkap di desa Pekalongan hukumnya boleh, bahkan wajib, melihat pemberlakuan hukum kawin tangkap tidak lepas dari tujuan pokok pemberlakuan hukum-hukum Islam. Kawin tangkap memenuhi unsur maqashid al-sharī’ah. Kawin tangkap berfungsi sebagai hifd al dīn yaitu tradisi sebagai kontrol sosial keagamaan, sebagai sistem perlindungan social yang memenuhi unsur hifdh an-nafs (menghindari terjadinya kasus kekerasan dan main hakim sendiri), hifdh an-nasl (menghindari adanya keturunan dari hubungan yang terlarang), hifdh al-mal (menghindari penggunaan uang dengan sia-sia ), hifdh al-aql (menjaga pola pikir sehat dan menghindari kedepresian ). Kawin tangkap merupakan nikah yang tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum karena tidak dicatatkan.

Kata Kunci: tradisi kawin tangkap, maqasid shariah, undang-undang positif.
FORCED SEXUAL RELATIONSHIP HUSBAND WIFE in ISLAM: MAQĀṢID SHARĪ'AH PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Firiski Eki Resa
Published: July 2021

This article is the result of library research. The direction of this research discussion is how the Islamic religion addresses the issue of forced sexual intercourse between husband and wife. This article discusses vis a vis between maqāsid sharī'ah and Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence. Claim of this research is the forced sexual intercourse of husband and wife according to Law Number 23 of 2004 is in line with the objectives of Islamic law (maqashid syar'iah) which is to protect tauhid/monotheism (hifd al din) men and women. The equality of relations between men and women is contained in the teachings of mu'āsharah bi al-ma'rūf (good association). Sexual violence can occur in both husband and wife. If the husband forces sexual intercourse, then it is prohibited. Vice versa, if the wife refuses to have sex without a syar'i reason, then this is also prohibited. not allowed. According to Islamic law, sexual violence can be punished with a finger of ta'zir sanction. Islam forbids acts of forced sexual intercourse as well as violence by husbands against their wives. And vice versa. Islam came with the main mission of realizing the benefit of all creatures, men and women. Islam teaches equal and equal sexual relations between husband and wife.

Keywords: forced sexual intercourse, maqashid shari'ah

 

Abstrak

Artikel ini adalah hasil dari penelitian kepustakaan. Arah diskusi penelitian ini adalah bagaimana agama islam menyikapi  isu pemaksaan hubungan seksual suami istri. Artikel ini mendiskusikan vis  a vis antara maqāsid sharī’ah dan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 Tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga. Klaim penelitian ini adalah bahwa pemaksaan hubungan seksual suami istri menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 selaras dengan tujuan syariat islam (maqashid syar’iah) yaitu melindungi ketauhidan (hifd al dīn) laki-laki dan perempuan. Kesetaraan relasi laki-laki dan perempuan tertuang dalam ajaran mu’āsharah bi al-ma’rūf. Kekerasan seksual dapat terjadi pada istri maupun suami. Jika suami memaksa hubungan seksual, maka itu dilarang. Demikian pula sebaliknya, jika istri menolak berhubungan tanpa alasan yang syar’i, maka ini juga dilarang. tidak diperbolehkan. Menurut hukum Islam, kekerasan seksual dapat dipidana dengan sanksi jarimah ta’zir. Islam melarang tindakan pemaksaan hubungan seksual juga kekerasan yang dilakukan suami atas istri.dan juga sebaliknya. Islam datang dengan misi pokok mewujudkan kemaslahatan bagi seluruh makhluk, laki-laki maupun perempuan. Islam mengajarkan relasi seksual suami–istri yang sejajar dan setara.

Kata Kunci : pemaksaan hubungan seksual,  maqashid syari’ah
GUARDIANS CONCEPT IN QUR'AN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Amin Habibi Al
Published: July 2021

This article is the result of library research. The direction of this research discussion is how the process of interpreting ahkam works in producing a variety of guardianship concepts. This article discusses the application of esoteric interpretations of Hanafi and Syafi'I fiqh in the practice of istinbath and istidlal. The data sources of this research are the verses of the Qur'an and reference books that discuss the Hanafi and Shafi'I interpretation methods, namely al-Umm by Imam Shafi'I and al-Mabsut by as-Shaukani. This study concludes several things related to the concept of guardianship in the Qur'an. First, the concept of guardianship in the Qur'an cannot be imposed equally between Shafi'iyah and Hanafiyah. This difference arises because there is no sarih lafad that refers to the meaning of guardianship in the Qur'an. Second, the concept of guardianship appears diverse because the priests of the schools use different esoteric fiqh approaches in understanding the verses and al-Sunnah. The esoteric approach to fiqh carried out by Hanafi and Shafi'I relies on the same istinbath and istidlal process but the data used are different.

Keyword: concept, wali, qur'an

 

Abstrak

Artikel ini adalah hasil penelitian kepustakaan. Arah diskusi penelitian ini adalah bagaimana proses kerja tafsir ahkam dalam memproduksi keragaman konsep perwalian. Artikel ini mendiskusikan penerapan tafsir esoterik fiqih Hanafi dan Syafi’I dalam praktek istinbath dan istidlal. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah Ayat Al-Qur’an dan buku-buku referensi yang membahas metode tafsir Hanafi dan Syafi’I, yaitu al-Umm karya Imam Shafi’I dan al-Mabsut karya as-Shaukani. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan beberapa hal berkaitan dengan konsep perwalian dalam Al-Qur’an. Pertama,  konsep perwalian dalam Al-Qur’an tidak dapat dipaksakan sama antara Shafi’iyah dan Hanafiyah Perbedaan ini muncul karena tidak ada lafad sarih yang menunjuk pengertian perwalian dalam Al-Qur’an. Kedua, konsep perwalian muncul beragam karena para imam mazhab menggunakan pendekatan esoterik fiqih yang berbeda-beda dalam memahami ayat-ayat dan al-Sunnah. Pendekatan esoterik fiqih yang dilakukan Hanafi dan Shafi’I bertumpu pada proses istinbath dan istidlal yang sama akan tetapi data yang digunakan berbeda

Kata Kunci : konsep, wali, al-qur’an
RULED SURFACE WITH CONSTANT SLOPE ACCORDING TO OSCULATING PLANE OF BASE CURVE IN GALILEAN 3- SPACE
Authors: ATES Fatma
Published: July 2021

The object of this paper is to investigate the properties of the ruled surface which direction vector has a constant slope with osculator plane of the base curve in Galiean $3-$space. We obtain some properties of this kind of ruled surface by calculating the geometric invariants. Also, we give an application on the example and their graphs are visualized by using the Mathematica program.
SMARANDACHE CURVES ACCORDING TO ALTERNATIVE FRAME IN E^3
Authors: ALIÇ Şenay , YILMAZ Beyhan
Published: July 2021

In this study, we focus on Smarandache curves which is a special class of curves. These curves have previously been studied by many authors in different spaces. We will
re-characterize these curves with the help of an alternative frame different from Frenet frame. Also, we will obtain frame elements, curvature and torsion of these curves.
NEW TYPES OF SETS IN CECH CLOSURE SPACES
Authors: DEMİRTAŞ Naime , DALKILIÇ Orhan
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we analysis and introduce the concepts of regular closed (open) sets and regular generalized closed (open) sets in Cech closure spaces. Also, we investigate the properties such as intersection, union, subspaces of regular generalized closed (open) sets of a Cech closure spaces. Moreover, by giving counter examples of one-sided theorems, it has been shown that the converse situation is not realized.
Improvement of Clinical Outcomes of Total Aortic Arch Replacement and Frozen Elephant Trunk Surgery With Aortic Balloon Occlusion
Authors: Wang Luchen , Cheng Zeyi , Li Yunfeng , Li Junpeng , Guo Hongwei , Liang Shenghua , Sun Xiaogang
Published: July 2021

Background: Total aortic arch replacement (TAR) with frozen elephant trunk (FET) surgery provides improved long-term results, but the surgery itself is associated with higher risks compared with isolated proximal reconstructions. We applied an aortic balloon occlusion (ABO) technique to reduce the circulatory arrest (CA) time and improve other clinical outcomes.

Methods: All patients who underwent TAR with FET surgery (130 with ABO technique, 230 with the conventional approach) in Fuwai Hospital from August 2017 to February 2019 were reviewed in this retrospective observational cohort study. Intra- and early-postoperative results and clinical characteristics were analyzed.

Results: After 1:1 propensity score matching (130 cases in each group), the 30-day mortality of the ABO group and the conventional group were 4.6% and 10.8% (p = 0.063), respectively. Although the reduction in complications was not statistically significant, the complication rate in the ABO group was relatively low, having fewer cases of postoperative renal (23.1 vs. 38.5%, p = 0.007) and hepatic (12.3 vs. 30.0%, p < 0.001) injury, lower postoperative wake-up time (15.2 ± 23.6 h vs. 20.1 ± 26.5 h, respectively, p < 0.001), reduced chest tube output (176.03 ± 143.73 ml vs. 213.29 ± 130.12 ml, respectively, p = 0.003), lower red blood cell transfusion volume (4.98 ± 6.53 u vs. 7.28 ± 10.41 u, respectively, p = 0.008), and no fatal events.

Conclusions: The ABO technique is a simple method that can reduce the CA time and improve the recovery stage following TAR with FET surgery. The technique represents a practical strategy to treat patients with high operative risks due to its lower complication rate compared with the conventional approach.
The Inclusion Principles of Human Embryos in the WOW-Based Time-Lapse System: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Yuqiong , Wang Sheng , Qian Xilin , Kuai Yanrong , Xu Yang
Published: July 2021

A time-lapse system (TLS) with a well-of-the-well (WOW) dish, which allows individual identification and the possibility of autocrine and paracrine signaling between group-cultured embryos, has been widely used in clinic. However, there is a need to re-think the inclusion principles of human embryos in WOW-based TLS, especially for grade IV (G4) embryos, which are considered to potentially have detrimental effects on surrounding embryos. Here, we carried out a single-center, large-cohort, retrospective study, comprising 303 patients undergoing IVF (148 cases) and ICSI (155 cases), with a total of 3282 embryos, to compare embryonic development until the blastocyst stage in the group culture system with or without G4 embryos. Further, LC-MS/MS was used to analyze the G1-G4 embryo secretome to understand the influence of G4 embryos on the group culture microenvironment. We proved that polypronuclear (PPN) embryos positively contribute to the development of the neighboring embryos through secretion of ILIAP, ITI-H4, and keratin. Existence of more than one G4 embryo had a negative effect on the other embryos (p < 0.05). Moreover, G4 embryos were found to secrete KLKB1 and VTDB, which might harm the neighboring embryos. Thus, our study clarified that when embryos are subjected to group culture in WOW-based TLS, the PPN-derived embryos need not be removed, and it is important to ensure that no more than one G4 embryo is present to avoid negative effects on the neighboring embryos.
Performance of Two Novel Obesity Indicators for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Ma Chunpeng , Yin Fuzai , Wang Rui , Lu Qiang , Lu Na , Ma Chunming
Published: July 2021

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a pathophysiological change based on the abnormal metabolism of many substances. The study aims to investigate the performance of visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) of MetS in young adults.

Methods

448 young adults aged between 19 and 24 years old in Qinhuangdao had been included in this cross-sectional study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to assess the accuracy of these two obesity indicators for MetS.

Results

The prevalence of MetS was 2.0%. In male subjects, LAP had the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) value (AUC = 0.963), followed by VAI (AUC = 0.937). In female subjects, LAP also had the highest AUC value (AUC = 0.931), followed by VAI (AUC = 0.861). No significant difference was found between the two obesity indicators (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The two obesity indicators were valuable for the screening of MetS in young adults, and LAP was the simpler of the two.
Evolutionary and Biomechanical Basis of Drumming Behavior in Woodpeckers
Authors: Schuppe Eric R. , Rutter Amy R. , Roberts Thomas J. , Fuxjager Matthew J.
Published: July 2021

Understanding how and why behavioral traits diversify during the course of evolution is a longstanding goal of organismal biologists. Historically, this topic is examined from an ecological perspective, where behavioral evolution is thought to occur in response to selection pressures that arise through different social and environmental factors. Yet organismal physiology and biomechanics also play a role in this process by defining the types of behavioral traits that are more or less likely to arise. Our paper explores the interplay between ecological, physiological, and mechanical factors that shape the evolution of an elaborate display in woodpeckers called the drum. Individuals produce this behavior by rapidly hammering their bill on trees in their habitat, and it serves as an aggressive signal during territorial encounters. We describe how different components of the display—namely, speed (bill strikes/beats sec–1), length (total number of beats), and rhythm—differentially evolve likely in response to sexual selection by male-male competition, whereas other components of the display appear more evolutionarily static, possibly due to morphological or physiological constraints. We synthesize research related to principles of avian muscle physiology and ecology to guide inferences about the biomechanical basis of woodpecker drumming. Our aim is to introduce the woodpecker as an ideal study system to study the physiological basis of behavioral evolution and how it relates to selection born through different ecological factors.
Structural Basis for SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Recognition by Single-Domain Antibodies
Authors: Ye Qiaozhen , Lu Shan , Corbett Kevin D.
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is the most severe public health event of the twenty-first century. While effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been developed, there remains an urgent need for diagnostics to quickly and accurately detect infections. Antigen tests, particularly those that detect the abundant SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein, are a proven method for detecting active SARS-CoV-2 infections. Here we report high-resolution crystal structures of three llama-derived single-domain antibodies that bind the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein with high affinity. Each antibody recognizes a specific folded domain of the protein, with two antibodies recognizing the N-terminal RNA binding domain and one recognizing the C-terminal dimerization domain. The two antibodies that recognize the RNA binding domain affect both RNA binding affinity and RNA-mediated phase separation of the Nucleocapsid protein. All three antibodies recognize highly conserved surfaces on the Nucleocapsid protein, suggesting that they could be used to develop affordable diagnostic tests to detect all circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Low-Level Atmospheric Responses to the Sea Surface Temperature Fronts in the Chukchi and Bering Seas
Authors: Kawai Yoshimi
Published: July 2021

Atmospheric responses to ocean surface temperature (ST) fronts related to western boundary currents have been extensively analyzed over the last two decades. However, the organized near-surface response to ST, which is defined as the temperature of open water and sea ice, excluding land surface, at higher latitudes where sea ice exists has been rarely investigated due to the difficulties of observations. Here, 32 years of high-resolution atmospheric reanalysis data are analyzed to determine the atmospheric responses to ST fronts in the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea. In the Chukchi Sea, the convergence of 10-m-high wind increases in October and November, when the horizontal gradient and Laplacian of ST become noticeable. On the other hand, an ST contrast between the continental shelf and the southwestern deep basin develops in winter in the Bering Sea. In both seas, the spatial distribution of surface wind convergence and the Laplacians of ST and sea level pressure agree well with each other, demonstrating the pressure adjustment mechanism. The vertical mixing mechanism is also confirmed in both seas. Ascending motion and diabatic heating develop over the Chukchi Sea in late autumn, but are confined to the lower troposphere. Turbulent heat fluxes at the surface become especially large in this season, resulting in an increase of diabatic heating and low-level clouds. Low-level clouds and downward shortwave radiation exhibit contrasting behavior across the shelf break in the Bering Sea that corresponds to the ST distribution, which is regulated by the bottom topography.
Bioleaching of Transition Metals From Limonitic Laterite Deposits and Reassessment of the Multiple Roles of Sulfur-Oxidizing Acidophiles in the Process
Authors: Johnson D. Barrie , Smith Sarah L. , Santos Ana Laura
Published: July 2021

Using acidophilic bacteria to catalyze the reductive dissolution of oxidized minerals is an innovative process that facilitates the extraction of valuable base metals (principally cobalt and nickel) from limonites, which are otherwise often regarded as waste products of laterite mining. The most appropriate conditions required to optimize reductive mineral dissolution are unresolved, and the current work has reassessed the roles of Acidithiobacillus spp. in this process and identified novel facets. Aerobic bio-oxidation of zero-valent sulfur (ZVS) can generate sufficient acidity to counterbalance that consumed by the dissolution of oxidized iron and manganese minerals but precludes the development of low redox potentials that accelerate the reductive process, and although anaerobic oxidation of sulfur by iron-reducing species can achieve this, less acid is generated. Limited reduction of soluble iron (III) occurs in pure cultures of Acidithiobacillus spp. (Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Acidithiobacillus caldus) that do not grow by iron respiration. This phenomenon (“latent iron reduction”) was observed in aerated cultures and bioreactors and was independent of electron donor used (ZVS or hydrogen). Sufficient ferrous iron was generated in the presence of sterilized hydrophilic sulfur (bio-ZVS) to promote the effective reductive dissolution of Mn (IV) minerals in limonite and the solubilization of cobalt in the absence of viable acidophiles.
Structural Diversities of Lectins Binding to the Glycosphingolipid Gb3
Authors: Siukstaite Lina , Imberty Anne , Römer Winfried
Published: July 2021

Glycolipids are present on the surfaces of all living cells and thereby represent targets for many protein receptors, such as lectins. Understanding the interactions between lectins and glycolipids is essential for investigating the functions of lectins and the dynamics of glycolipids in living membranes. This review focuses on lectins binding to the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), an attractive host cell receptor, particularly for pathogens and pathogenic products. Shiga toxin (Stx), from Shigella dysenteriae or Escherichia coli, which is one of the most virulent bacterial toxins, binds and clusters Gb3, leading to local negative membrane curvature and the formation of tubular plasma membrane invaginations as the initial step for clathrin-independent endocytosis. After internalization, it is embracing the retrograde transport pathway. In comparison, the homotetrameric lectin LecA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa can also bind to Gb3, triggering the so-called lipid zipper mechanism, which results in membrane engulfment of the bacterium as an important step for its cellular uptake. Notably, both lectins bind to Gb3 but induce distinct plasma membrane domains and exploit mainly different transport pathways. Not only, several other Gb3-binding lectins have been described from bacterial origins, such as the adhesins SadP (from Streptococcus suis) and PapG (from E. coli), but also from animal, fungal, or plant origins. The variety of amino acid sequences and folds demonstrates the structural versatilities of Gb3-binding lectins and asks the question of the evolution of specificity and carbohydrate recognition in different kingdoms of life.
Decreased Neurofilament L Chain Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Tolerogenic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Natalizumab-Treated Multiple Sclerosis Patients – Brief Research Report
Authors: Moraes Adriel S. , Boldrini Vinicius O. , Dionete Alliny C. , Andrade Marilia D. , Longhini Ana Leda F. , Santos Irene , Lima Amanda D. R. , Silva Veronica A. P. G. , Dias Carneiro Rafael P. C. , Quintiliano Raphael P. S. , Ferrari Breno B. , Damasceno Alfredo , Pradella Fernando , Farias Alessandro S. , Tilbery Charles P. , Domingues Renan B. , Senne Carlos , Fernandes Gustavo B. P. , von Glehn Felipe , Brandão Carlos Otavio , Stella Carla R. A. V. , Santos Leonilda M. B.
Published: July 2021

Background

Neurofilament Light (NfL) chain levels in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum have been correlated with the reduction of axonal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with Natalizumab (NTZ). However, little is known about the function of plasmacytoid cells in NTZ-treated MS patients.

Objective

To evaluate CSF NfL, serum levels of soluble-HLA-G (sHLA-G), and eventual tolerogenic behavior of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in MS patients during NTZ treatment.

Methods

CSF NfL and serum sHLA-G levels were measured using an ELISA assay, while pDCs (BDCA-2+) were accessed through flow cytometry analyses.

Results

CSF levels of NfL were significantly reduced during NTZ treatment, while the serum levels of sHLA-G were increased. Moreover, NTZ treatment enhanced tolerogenic (HLA-G+, CD274+, and HLA-DR+) molecules and migratory (CCR7+) functions of pDCs in the peripheral blood.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that NTZ stimulates the production of molecules with immunoregulatory function such as HLA-G and CD274 programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) which may contribute to the reduction of axonal damage represented by the decrease of NfL levels in patients with MS.
PD-1/PD-L1 Axis as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Multiple Sclerosis: A T Cell Perspective
Authors: Li HaiXia , Zheng Chao , Han Jinming , Zhu Jie , Liu Shan , Jin Tao
Published: July 2021

The programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis is a widely studied immune checkpoint that modulates signaling pathways related to T cell activation. The use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors is a promising immune therapy strategy for cancer patients. However, individuals treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors may develop immune-related adverse events due to excessive immune reactions. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. T cells and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis play vital roles in the pathogenesis of MS. A better understanding of the complex relationship between the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and T cells may extend our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for MS. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings regarding the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in MS and discuss the potential therapeutic strategies to modulate the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in MS.
Development and Clinical Translation of a Perioperative Nomogram Incorporating Free Fatty Acids to Predict Poor Outcome of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Following Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Wang Yongyi , Xie Yongfan , Wang Houzhong , Zhang Jifang , Li Chuanfeng , Chen Feng , Ren Chengtao , Xu Zhiming , Liu Mingxing , Li Luo , Li Tong , Wang Weimin
Published: July 2021

Objective: A reliable prediction of clinical outcome is important for clinicians to set appropriate medical strategies in treating patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). In this study, we aim to establish a perioperative nomogram involving serum lipid signatures for predicting poor outcomes at 3 months in patients with aSAH following endovascular therapy.

Methods: Data of patients with aSAH receiving endovascular therapy were collected. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to screen independent predictors related to unfavorable outcomes defined by the modified Rankin Scale (mFS) ≥3. A novel nomogram based on these significant features was conducted. The clinical application of this nomogram was assessed by decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curve.

Results: A total number of patients included in this study were 213 (average age 58.9 years, 65.7% female), representing a poor 3-month outcome rate of 48.8%. Free fatty acid (FFA) levels on admission were efficient in predicting poor outcomes compared with other contents in serum lipids. Univariable and multivariable analyses revealed advanced age (P = 0.034), poor Hunt Hess (HH) (odds ratio, OR = 3.7, P < 0.001) and mFS (OR = 6.0, P < 0.001), aneurysms in the posterior circulation (OR = 4.4, P = 0.019), and higher FFA levels on admission (OR = 3.1, P = 0.021) were negative independent predictors of poor 3 months outcome. A novel nomogram composed of these significant features presented a concordance index (C-index) of 0.831 while the practical benefit was validated by DCA and clinical impact curve. An online calculator based on R programming promoted the clinical application of this nomogram.

Conclusion: Nomogram involving age, HH grade, mFS, aneurysm location, and serum FFA levels was sufficient to provide an individualized prediction of 3-month poor outcome for each patient with aSAH who underwent endovascular therapy.
Tremor Syndromes: An Updated Review
Authors: Lenka Abhishek , Jankovic Joseph
Published: July 2021

Tremor is the most commonly encountered movement disorder in clinical practice. A wide range of pathologies may manifest with tremor either as a presenting or predominant symptom. Considering the marked etiological and phenomenological heterogeneity, it would be desirable to develop a classification of tremors that reflects their underlying pathophysiology. The tremor task force of the International Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Society has worked toward this goal and proposed a new classification system. This system has remained a prime topic of scientific communications on tremor in recent times. The new classification is based on two axes: 1. based on the clinical features, history, and tremor characteristics and 2. based on the etiology of tremor. In this article, we discuss the key aspects of the new classification, review various tremor syndromes, highlight some of the controversies in the field of tremor, and share the potential future perspectives.
The Contribution of Decreased Muscle Size to Muscle Weakness in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Hanssen Britta , Peeters Nicky , Vandekerckhove Ines , De Beukelaer Nathalie , Bar-On Lynn , Molenaers Guy , Van Campenhout Anja , Degelaen Marc , Van den Broeck Christine , Calders Patrick , Desloovere Kaat
Published: July 2021

Muscle weakness is a common clinical symptom in children with spastic cerebral palsy (SCP). It is caused by impaired neural ability and altered intrinsic capacity of the muscles. To define the contribution of decreased muscle size to muscle weakness, two cohorts were recruited in this cross-sectional investigation: 53 children with SCP [median age, 8.2 (IQR, 4.1) years, 19/34 uni/bilateral] and 31 children with a typical development (TD) [median age, 9.7 (IQR, 2.9) years]. Muscle volume (MV) and muscle belly length for m. rectus femoris, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius medialis, and tibialis anterior were defined from three-dimensional freehand ultrasound acquisitions. A fixed dynamometer was used to assess maximal voluntary isometric contractions for knee extension, knee flexion, plantar flexion, and dorsiflexion from which maximal joint torque (MJT) was calculated. Selective motor control (SMC) was assessed on a 5-point scale for the children with SCP. First, the anthropometrics, strength, and muscle size parameters were compared between the cohorts. Significant differences for all muscle size and strength parameters were found (p ≤ 0.003), except for joint torque per MV for the plantar flexors. Secondly, the associations of anthropometrics, muscle size, gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) level, and SMC with MJT were investigated using univariate and stepwise multiple linear regressions. The associations of MJT with growth-related parameters like age, weight, and height appeared strongest in the TD cohort, whereas for the SCP cohort, these associations were accompanied by associations with SMC and GMFCS. The stepwise regression models resulted in ranges of explained variance in MJT from 29.3 to 66.3% in the TD cohort and from 16.8 to 60.1% in the SCP cohort. Finally, the MJT deficit observed in the SCP cohort was further investigated using the TD regression equations to estimate norm MJT based on height and potential MJT based on MV. From the total MJT deficit, 22.6–57.3% could be explained by deficits in MV. This investigation confirmed the disproportional decrease in muscle size and muscle strength around the knee and ankle joint in children with SCP, but also highlighted the large variability in the contribution of muscle size to muscle weakness.