bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL AXIAL STAND COMPRESSORS USING ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Savchenko Vladislav , Blinov Vitalii ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Shamanin Sergei ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Published: April 2021

In practice, the creation of compressor units is impossible without a large amount of experimental work. A lot of money is being invested in solving this problem, and many people participate in testing. Almost all calculation methods that are used in design are experimental and theoretical. In this regard, the modernization of calculation methods is inextricably linked with the development of experimental research, improvement of means and methods of measurements. In this paper, the created miniature experimental stand of a two-stage axial compressor is described, the general scheme of the stand is shown, the systems are described in detail. Several experiments were carried out at different speeds of rotation with different loads, the results were analyzed. Methods for obtaining characteristics of axial compressors using a software package for numerical three-dimensional thermodynamics modeling are presented. The described compressor unit has a set of sensors for collecting flow parameters in different planes. The signals from the sensors are processed by an eight-bit microcontroller. The stand is made of plastic using fused deposition modeling (FDM) on a 3D printer. Preliminary calculations of the strength of the rotor structure elements were carried out, the materials recommended for the manufacture of the installation were determined. The stand is proposed to be used for the design and optimization of two-stage compressor, as well as in the educational process. Also, in this article describes a constructed numerical model for studying the flow parameters of a compressor, presents the results of comparing some experimental and calculated data, constructs a flow characteristic, estimates the measurement uncertainty, and formulates several recommendations.
ON ONE APPROACH TO DETERMINING THE VORTEX SOUND SOURCE
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Fedoseev Sergey , Timushev Sergey ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)
Published: April 2021

The work consists of five sections and a bibliographic list. The first section provides answers to questions about the relevance, the applied value of the study, as well as the need to develop new approaches that allow modeling vortex structures in engineering practice. In the second section, some mathematical models and approaches used to solve problems of vortex dynamics are considered. The third section is devoted to solving the problem of determining the main parameters of the flow in the core of a vortex ring for given geometric dimensions. It is shown that a turbulent vortex ring is obtained as a result of the interaction of two vortex columns. The fourth section is devoted to methods for characterizing a concentrated vortex as a source of acoustic vibrations. As an object of research, the flow in the core of a turbulent vortex ring is considered. It is assumed that the core of the vortex ring has the shape of a torus. An approach is proposed that makes it possible to establish a strict link between the main flow parameters and the shape of the vortex ring. The aim of this work is to obtain the flow parameters in the core of a vortex ring with their subsequent substitution into the acoustic-vortex equation to analyze the source of acoustic oscillations. It is also necessary to show the presence of a structure in the vortex ring corresponding to some point symmetry and, thus, to abandon the concept of the circular symmetry of the core of the vortex ring. The proposed approach is based on the assertion that a vortex ring can be represented as a set formed according to a “rule” that determines a spatial geometric shape. As a result, an approach was proposed for analyzing the vortex ring as a source of acoustic oscillations, and it was also formulated and theoretically substantiated that the core of a turbulent vortex ring having the shape of a torus can be considered as a result of the interaction of two vortex columns.
Are Repo Markets Fragile? Evidence from September 2019
Authors: Anbil Sriya , Anderson Alyssa , Senyuz Zeynep
Published: April 2021

We show that the segmented structure of the U.S. Treasury repo market, in which some participants have limited access across the segments, leads to rate dispersion, even in this essentially riskless market. Using confidential data on repo trading, we demonstrate how the rate dispersion between the centrally cleared and over-the-counter (OTC) segments of the Treasury repo market was exacerbated during the stress episode of September 2019. Our results highlight that, while segmentation can increase fragility in the repo market, the presence of strong trading relationships in the OTC segment helps mitigate it by reducing rate dispersion.
The Global Transmission of Real Economic Uncertainty
Authors: Londono Juan M. , Ma Sai , Wilson Beth Anne
Published: April 2021

&lt;ns3:p&gt;Using a sample of 30 countries representing about 65% of the global GDP, we find that real economic uncertainty (REU) has negative long-lasting domestic economic effects and transmits across countries. The international spillover effects of REU are (i) additional to those of domestic REUs, (ii) statistically significant, and (iii) economically meaningful. Trade ties play a key role in explaining why uncertainty generated in one country can affect economic outcomes in other countries. Based on this evidence, we construct a novel index for global REU as the trade-weighted average of all countries' REUs. We disentangle the effects of the domestic and foreign components of global REU and find that, on average, innovations to the foreign component can contribute up to 28% of the future variation in domestic industrial production, with the effect being disproportionately larger on its manufacturing component, the component contributing the most to the tradable goods sector, than on its retail sales component.&lt;/ns3:p&gt;
Opening Access, Closing the Knowledge Gap? Analysing GC No. 25 on the Right to Science and Its Implications for the Global Science System in the Digital Age
Authors: Kunz Raffaela
Published: April 2021

The Corona pandemic as never before shows the advantages of Open Science and Open Access (OA), understood as the unrestricted access to research data, software and publications over the internet. It might accelerate the long-predicted “access revolution” in the academic publishing system towards a system in which scientific publications are freely available for readers over the internet. This paradigm shift, for which the “flipping” of this journal is but one of many examples, is underway, with major research funding organisations at the national and international levels massively supporting it. The call for OA has now also been taken up by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which in its recent General Comment (GC) No. 25 explicitly asks states to promote OA. Following the line of argument of the OA movement, the Committee finds that OA is beneficial to democracy, scientific progress and furthermore a tool to bridge the “knowledge gap”. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the GC and its implications for the global science system in the digital age. It argues that the great merit of the GC lies in highlighting that “benefitting” from science includes access to science as such and not only to its material outcomes. This underscores the independent meaning of the right to science which so far was primarily seen as an enabler for other social rights. However, when it comes to OA, the GC has problematic flaws. It simply assumes that OA is beneficial to the right to science, overlooking that the OA model which is likely to become the global standard risks to benefit the already privileged, namely researchers and publishers of wealthy institutions in the Global North, further sidelining those at the margins. Rather than narrowing existing gaps, it risks to further deepen them. In order to remain meaningful in the face of the fundamental criticism it faces, human rights law needs to address systemic issues and inequalities – in the science system and beyond.
The Role of International Law in Vaccinating Against COVID-19: Appraising the COVAX Initiative
Authors: von Bogdandy Armin , Villarreal Pedro A.
Published: April 2021

Finally, there are approved vaccines against COVID-19, but they will be certainly scarce at first. As a result, vaccine nationalism is rampant. However, for considerations of self-interest, solidarity as well as of international law, national governments should also cater for the health of other countries’ populations. This article presents the main legal instruments of vaccine nationalism as well as the COVAX Initiative as an instrument for a fairer global distribution of the life-saving medicine. An analysis of the international right to health shows the normative underpinnings of COVAX and the promise it holds for sustainable solidarity.
Assessing the frequency of drought/flood severity in the Luvuvhu River catchment, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: SM Mazibuko  , G Mukwada  , ME Moeletsi
Published: April 2021

The Luvuvhu River catchment experiences rainfall variability with a high frequency of extremely dry and wet conditions. Understanding the frequency of drought and floods in this catchment area is important to the agriculture sector for managing the negative impacts of these natural hazards. This study was undertaken to investigate the frequency and severity of drought/floods and linkages with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. Poor and resource-limited small-scale farmers in the Luvuvhu River catchment area struggle to adjust due to decreasing crop yields and livestock mortality caused by drought and floods. Monthly rainfall data from 15 grid points (0.5° × 0.5°) was used to compute the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) for the period between 1979 and 2016. The 3-month SPI was calculated for the December–January–February (DJF) period. The second half of the agricultural season was selected because the influence of ENSO is high during the late summer season (DJF) in the catchment. The SPI results indicate that the agricultural seasons 1982/83, 1991/92 and 2015/16 were characterised by extreme drought. Conversely, the SPI values also show that the wettest seasons were recorded in 1998/99 and 1999/00. The catchment experiences a high frequency of moderate to severe drought in the north and north-eastern parts. Spatially, the occurrence of moderate to severe dry conditions covers large areas in the north and south-western parts. Severe to extreme wet conditions cover large areas in the north and south-eastern parts of the catchment. The SST index (Niño 3.4) shows a strong influence on rainfall variability in the catchment, resulting in either dry or wet conditions. Therefore, this study recommends further research focusing on more climatic modes that influence rainfall variability, as well as further development of drought and flood forecasting to improve farmers’ adaptations options and reliability of weather forecasts used as a tool to manage crop production.
The effect of veld fires on the hydrological response of streamflow
Authors: JA du Plessis  , H van Zyl
Published: April 2021

Veld fires are natural occurrences with the potential to impact thousands of hectares of vegetation, and in doing so, changes soil characteristics, for both urban and rural areas. It is therefore reasonable to assume that the hydrological response of a catchment could be affected by fire. The main aim of this research was to investigate the hydrological changes caused by fire on a catchment scale using a case study. On 9 March 2015, a wildfire which started in Jonkershoek nature reserve destroyed indigenous fynbos vegetation and afforested areas. Within the nature reserve, there are multiple rainfall and runoff stations, which provided a means of measuring any possible hydrological changes due to these fire events. Four catchments were used for this research, one main catchment (fynbos area) and three sub-catchments (afforested areas). Fifty-six percent of the main catchment burned, while two sub-catchments were completely burned and the other primarily unaffected by the fire. The main catchment’s hydrological response was analysed by comparing the hydrographs of comparable pre- and post-fire runoff events. Eighteen comparable events were used for the analysis. The mean runoff volume increased by approximately 7% after the fire and mean peak flow by 50%. The change was even more noticeable when comparing the two sub-catchments affected by the veld fire and the unburned sub-catchment with each other. All the sub-catchments were similar in size and were located close enough to each other to be represented by one rainfall station. Before the fire, the average daily streamflows between the unburned (control) and burned catchments were similar; however after the fire the average daily streamflow of the two burned catchments in comparison to the control catchment increased by 45% and 50%, respectively. The mean runoff volume from the two affected/burned catchments, after the fire, for individual events increased by approx. 72% and 52% in comparison to the control catchment. The mean peak flows increased by approximately 173% and 110% in comparison to the control catchment.
The use of Radon (Rn222) isotopes to detect groundwater discharge in streams draining Table Mountain Group (TMG) aquifers
Authors: T Strydom  , JM Nel  , M Nel  , RM Petersen  , CL Ramjukadh
Published: April 2021

Environmental isotopes have been used for decades as natural tracers in studies aimed at understanding complex hydrogeological processes such as groundwater and surface water interactions. Radon (Rn222) is a naturally occurring, radioactive isotope which is produced from radium (Ra226) during the radioactive decay series of uranium (U238). Since U238 is present in most geological substrates, Rn222 is produced in various lithological structures and subsequently transported with groundwater through fractures and pore spaces in an aquifer towards surface water discharge points in rivers and springs. This study aimed to determine (i) the concentration of Rn222 within both surface water and groundwater in Table Mountain Group (TMG) aquifer systems, and (ii) the feasibility of using Rn222 isotopes as a natural tracer in groundwater-surface water interaction studies. This study was conducted in a highly fractured TMG aquifer system near Rawsonville, South Africa. Surface water from two perennial rivers (i.e. Gevonden and Molenaars), together with groundwater from a nearby borehole, were sampled and their corresponding Rn222 concentrations measured. Our study found median Rn222 concentrations in the Gevonden River of 76.4 Bq∙L-1 and 67.2 Bq∙L-1 in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Nearly 12% of surface water samples exceeded 100 Bq∙L-1.  These abnormally high Rn222 concentrations can only be attributed to the influx of groundwater with extremely high Rn222 concentrations. Under ambient (no pumping) conditions, Rn222 concentrations in groundwater range between 130–270 Bq∙L-1. However, when the borehole was pumped, and inflowing water from the surrounding aquifer was sampled, even higher Rn222 concentrations (391–593 Bq∙L-1) were measured. These extremely high Rn222 concentrations in groundwater are believed to be attributed to the underlying granitic geology and the prevalence of faults. The use of Rn222 isotopes as an environmental tracer in groundwater–surface water interaction studies is therefore regarded as a feasible option in similar highly fractured aquifer systems.
Integration of ANFIS with PCA and DWT for daily suspended sediment concentration prediction
Authors: Nguyen Mai Dang  , Duong Tran Anh
Published: April 2021

Quantifying sediment load is vital for aquatic and riverine biota and has been the subject of various environmental studies since sediment plays a key role in maintaining ecological integrity, river morphology and agricultural productivity. However, predicting sediment concentration in rivers is difficult because of the non-linear relationships of flow rates, geophysical characteristics and sediment loads. It is thus very important to propose suitable statistical methods which can provide fast, accurate and robust prediction of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) for management guidance. In this study, we developed coupled models of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) with adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), named DWT-ANFIS, and principal component analysis (PCA) with ANFIS, named PCA-ANFIS, for SSC time-series modeling. The coupled models and single ANFIS model were trained and tested using long-term daily SSC and river discharge which were measured on the Schuylkill and Iowa Rivers in the United States. The findings showed that the PCA-ANFIS performed better than the single ANFIS and the coupled DWT-ANFIS. Further applications of the PCA-ANFIS should be considered for simulation and prediction of other indicators relating to weather, water resources, and the environment.
Индикаторы инновационной деятельности: 2021
Authors: Гохберг Леонид , Грачева Галина , Дитковский Кирилл , Евневич Евгения , Кузнецова Ирина , Мартынова Светлана , Ратай Татьяна , Росовецкая Лариса , Рудь Виталий , Фридлянова Светлана , Фурсов Константин
Published: April 2021

В сборнике представлены результаты статистических обследований инновационных процессов в экономике страны. Методология формирования основных индикаторов базируется на новейших рекомендациях международных организаций в области статистического измерения инноваций (4-й редакции Руководства Осло) и Единой программе обследований инноваций в странах Евросоюза. Приводятся статистические данные, отражающие состояние и перспективы инновационной активности организаций, развитие продуктовых и процессных инноваций, ресурсное обеспечение и результативность инновационной деятельности, в том числе уровень новизны и рынки сбыта, реализацию инновационной продукции по заказу пользователей. В публикацию также включены индикаторы интенсивности кооперационных связей с внешними и внутренними партнерами, характеристики и формы открытых инноваций, оценки факторов, сдерживающих нововведения. Отдельные главы сборника посвящены рассмотрению инновационной деятельности в регионах Российской Федерации, экологических инноваций и международным сопоставлениям, охватывающим широкий круг индикаторов. Информация систематизирована по видам экономической деятельности с учетом уровня технологичности отраслей. При подготовке сборника были использованы материалы Федеральной службы государственной статистики, Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития, Европейской комиссии, Евростата, национальных статистических служб зарубежных государств, а также собственные методологические и аналитические разработки Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики».
The multifaceted basis of linguistic and communicative changes in the elderly
Authors: Boksa Ewa , Cuprych Renata
Published: April 2021

Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy. Jego celem jest przedstawienie na podstawie aktualnej, interdyscyplinarnej literatury biologicznych i społecznych mechanizmów wpływających na język i komunikację osób starszych. Poznanie podłoża i charakterystyki zmian językowych, które mogą pojawić się w omawianej grupie, umożliwi logopedom, terapeutom i językoznawcom odróżnienie zmian, które w mowie pojawiają się naturalnie z wiekiem, od tych, które mogą stanowić symptom chorób neurodegeneracyjnych. Ponadto autorzy pragną zwrócić uwagę, jak ważne w przypadku osób w podeszłym wieku jest usprawnianie ich kompetencji językowych i komunikacyjnych poprzez angażowanie tych osób we wspólnotowe działania, uczestnictwo w kulturze oraz udział w treningach usprawniających pamięć, mowę i myślenie.
Sobre las instituciones estatales de seguridad en América Latina: similitudes y particularidades frente al caso español
Authors: Cremades Alvaro
Published: April 2021

Las instituciones estatales de seguridad han jugado un papel determinante en el desarrollo histórico de América Latina en muy diferentes coyunturas, que van desde conflictos armados internos hasta dictaduras militares. Sin embargo, el conocimiento del que disponemos sobre el funcionamiento de dichas instituciones es, debido a diversas razones, limitado, por lo que en muchas ocasiones han predominado las aproximaciones esencialistas que ofrecen una imagen simplificada. Tras caracterizar la labor investigadora en instituciones estatales de seguridad como parte de la denominada “investigación en asuntos sensibles”, partiendo de los procesos intra y extrarregionales que han dado forma a estas instituciones como contexto general, el presente trabajo realiza una aproximación exploratoria a algunas de las características que su práctica ha encontrado en los países que conforman América Latina, tales como la opacidad de las instituciones estatales de seguridad de la región, la particularidades de las relaciones cívico-militares en el subcontinente, y la existencia de barreras disciplinares; características estas que, con ciertas particularidades, se ponen también de manifiesto en España.
Improvement of operational exploration and mining safety using the shear-wave reflection method of mine seismology
Authors: Prigara A. M. , Zhukov A. A. , Tsarev R. I. , Kashnikov Yu. A.
Published: April 2021

During the whole life of mines, the geological survey departments are faced with the critical objectives of operational exploration. These objectives are sometimes impossible to be met adequately without geophysics. Neutrality of geophysical studies is often below the desired level. The shear-wave reflection method of mine seismology, with separation of reflections, which is developed by the present authors, allows: investigating the shape, thickness and dip angles of geologic beds and ore bodies, detecting geological discontinuities such as faults, joints and cavities, as well as determining physical and mechanical properties of rocks. The capacity of the shear-wave reflection method with separation of reflections is described in a case-study of the Upper Kama Potash Salt Deposit. The seismic tests were carried out in a few underground excavations. The developed method in the test conditions is accurate to the first meters at a spacing more than 300 m. Accordingly, it is possible to study the whole thickness of the salt strata in the Upper Kama Deposit, from the salt table to the anhydrous clay roof, specifically, to assess the structure and composition of the waterproof strata, to identify mine-threatening geological discontinuities, and to build the model of physical and mechanical properties of rock mass. Introduction of the newly developed method can greatly enhance efficiency of actual operational exploration. The method has yielded the best results during or immediately after heading of permanent and development openings. Considering similarity of surface and underground mineral mining in terms of access to solid rocks, it is expected to have the same outcomes in open pit mines.
3D modeling as a basis for BIM model design for processing plants
Authors: Verenitsin A. I.
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the concepts of information modeling and 3D modeling. The relationship between the concepts of a BIM and a 3D model is analyzed and the key differences are identified. The advantages of using a federated information model when creating complex BIM designs of processing plants are presented and compared with working in a single file. A brief overview of the existing software systems that may be used to create information and 3D models of processing plants is presented. The example of an information model design for the backfill material production shop based on the tailings of the Tominsky GOK concentrator is used to illustrate the interaction between various software packages related to the development of the corresponding sections of the 3D model (TX for the production technology, AP for the architectural solutions, QL for the reinforced concrete structures). The design algorithm used in these software packages is considered and the corresponding structural calculations are provided. The benefits and effectiveness of the corresponding software packages are described. The impact on the calculation quality and reliability, the time required for the design work, referencing between various parts of the design, the ability to search for collisions and subsequently minimize errors in the construction and equipment installation are also analyzed.
Preparation of collective lead-zinc concentrates for selection cycle
Authors: Algebraistova N. K. , Komarova E. S. , Prokopiev I. V.
Published: April 2021

The object of the study is a collective concentrate, which was obtained by flotation of sulfide lead-zinc ore from an East Siberian deposit using a combination of diesel fuel and butyl xanthate. In the collective concentrate the main ore minerals are galena and sphalerite. Non-metallic minerals are quartz, dolomite, calcite and chlorite. In the work were studied various methods of preparing a collective concentrate for a flotation selective cycle: without pulp preparation, washing with sodium sulfide, temperature, ultrasound, and bacterial treatment of a collective concentrate. The results of studies of the flotation selective cycle showed that it is impossible without preparation. Satisfactory technological indicators were not obtained when applying twice washing with sodium sulfide and using ultrasound. Introduction to the flow sheet of the operation of steaming in a medium of sodium sulfide and dosing of activated carbon into the process made it possible to obtain a foam product (lead concentrate) with a lead content of 45%, but the recovery was ~ 43%. In addition, the process is environmentally unfavorable, characterized by high material and energy costs. The prospects of using the bacterial method for preparing collective concentrates using diesel fuel for the flotation selective cycle are shown. The bacterial method consists in treating the collective concentrate with the bacteria Ochrobactrum anthropi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa JCM 5962.
RESUMO
Authors: Zouain Deborah Moraes
Published: April 2021

Prezados leitores,É com grande prazer que apresentamos o primeiro número da Revista Acadêmica Observatório de Inovação em Turismo do ano de 2019!Aproveitamos para lembrar que a partir do presente ano a revista passou a ter três números por ano (abril, agosto e dezembro).Tenham uma ótima leitura!
Individual Differences on Conservative and Risky Behaviors about Information Security
Authors: CERAN Onur , KARATAŞ Serçin
Published: April 2021

In order to provide information security; hardware and software solutions are widely used; research and development endeavors increases day by day and huge amounts of investments are made. However, these attempts still cannot stop information systems’ to be compromised because of the holes in the human firewall caused by vulnerable behaviors of individuals. Even though individuals have knowledge about information security, they do not always show appropriate behavior. Hence information security is not a problem that can only be solved with technological solutions. As being the weakest link, human behavior on information security needs to be evaluated and assessed. With this study it was aimed to examine the relationship between conservative and risky behaviors of individuals about information security and individual differences which are demographics, internet usage routines, personality, risk perception and exposure to offense. Behaviors and individual difference variables were examined via a survey of 619 participants who were invited through social media platforms. Multiple linear regression analysis conducted and one linear model was created in order to calculate the amount of change on conservative and risky behaviors caused by independent variables. While level of education, age, duration of being an internet user, time spent on the internet, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, exposure to offence and risk perception variables were found as significant predictors for risky behaviors; time spent on the internet, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness variables were found to be the significant predictors for conservative behaviors. The results of the study can be used either by organizations or educational institutes for developing personalized and adaptive training programs or for creating preventive strategies.
Medikal Görüntülerde Derin Öğrenme ile Steganaliz
Authors: KARAKIŞ Rukiye , GURKAHRAMAN Kali
Published: April 2021

Steganaliz ile bir medya dosyasındaki gizli mesajı elde etmek ya da sadece mesajın varlığını tespit etmek amaçlanır. Literatürde medikal verilerin güvenliğini sağlamayı amaçlayan pek çok steganografi yöntemi mevcut olsa da medikal steganaliz çalışması çok azdır. Bu çalışmada, medikal görüntü steganografi yöntemlerinin dayanıklılığının arttırılmasında kullanılabilecek ve medikal bir görüntüde gizli mesajların varlığını tespit edebilecek bir sınıflandırıcı geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için karmaşık ve maliyetli öznitelik analizine gerek duymayan bir derin öğrenme mimarisi olan evrişimsel sinir ağı(ESA) taşıyıcı ve stego medikal görüntüler ile eğitilmiş ve test edilmiştir. Doğruluk, kesinlik, hassasiyet ve F1 değerleri sırasıyla 0,964, 0,966, 0965 ve 0964 olarak elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, derin öğrenme yönteminin medikal görüntü steganalizinde de kullanılabileceğini ilk kez göstermiştir.
Kidney X-ray Images Classification using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Methods
Authors: AKSAKALLI Işıl , KAÇDIOĞLU Sibel , HANAY Y. Sinan
Published: April 2021

Today, kidney stone detection is done manually on medical images. This process is time-consuming and subjective as it depends on the physician. This study aims to classify healthy or patient persons according to the status of kidney stones from medical images using various machine learning methods and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). We evaluated various machine learning methods such as Decision Trees (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVC), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), K-Nearest Neighbor (kNN), Naive Bayes (BernoulliNB), and deep neural networks using CNN. According to the experiments, the Decision Tree Classifier (DT) has the best classification result. This method has the highest F1 score rate with a success rate of 85.3% using the S+U sampling method. The experimental results show that the Decision Tree Classifier(DT) is a feasible method for distinguishing the kidney x-ray images.
Analysis of the prevalence of mental and speech disorders in children in the Srednekolymsky Ulus of Yakutia (based on the results of a screening examination)
Authors: Pozdnyak Vera V. , Grechanyy Severin V.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of mental, including speech, disorders among children in the villages of the Srednekolymsky ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The purpose of the survey was to analyze the diagnosed mental, including speech, disorders among the children of the villages of the Srednekolymsky ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). 501 children aged 2 to 18 years were examined. Clinically significant disorders were detected in 187 children (37.4%). The structure of mental disorders is described: the first place is occupied by specific speech and language disorders (F80), the second is mental retardation (F83) and the third is mild cognitive impairment (F06.7). The data on the prevalence of mental disorders in various age groups are presented: most often, mental disorders occur in adolescence (51.0% of all examined children). Less disturbances are diagnosed in the early age group and the first period of childhood 22.0% of all children examined. In the group of preschool age, speech disorders are in the lead, in the group of primary school age mental retardation, speech disorders and mild cognitive impairment. In adolescence, a wide range of mental disorders is diagnosed, including adaptive reactions and eating disorders. Sexual differences in the nosological specificity of mental disorders were revealed: mental disorders prevail in boys. Speech disorders, stuttering, and behavioral disorders are significantly more common among boys. Among girls, adaptation disorders, emotionally labile disorders and eating disorders are significantly more common.
Comparative aetio-epidemiological analysis of lung tuberculosis versus sarcoidosis: classical and new concepts
Authors: Nikolaev Alexey V. , Utekhin Vladimir J. , Churilov Leonid P.
Published: April 2021

The review presents data on two similar granulomatous inflammatory diseases: tuberculosis and sarcoidosis of the lungs, which together cover about 5% of all pulmonary pathology, albeit occur with different incidence (20 : 1). Despite the established aetiology of tuberculosis, the disease has not disappeared and nowadays has even acquired a new urgency: It is getting out of control due to growing poverty, the comorbidity with HIV infection, increasing cases of drug resistance of Mycobacteria, insufficient effectiveness and the growing costs of its treatment. Against the background of the expansion of anthropogenic influences and other environmental impacts on the immune system, the incidence of lung sarcoidosis is also increasing, while patients are initially often misdiagnosed with tuberculosis, with resulting unjustified anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, leading to chronization of the disease with frequent relapses and, accordingly, to an increase in disability and mortality rates. In recent years, clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis due to a variety of trigger aetiological factors with adjuvant-like action (from Mycobacteria to xenobiotics) are considered by a number of authors as a variant of autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA). The article emphasizes the similarity of two granulomatous inflammatory diseases and the concept of two variants of the bodys response to similar or even identical aetiological factors within different human reactivity (possibly on a different mosaic/permissive background). In brief the newest data on experimental models of sarcoidosis are reviewed as well as the role of autophagy disorders and opposite macrophageal polarization in tuberculosis versus sarcoidosis. Authors coined the original hypothesis of the possible therapeutic effectiveness of Rapamycin in sarcoidosis and for the first time posed a question of equivocal character of comorbidity between these granulomatoses and COVID-19 infection.
Giant hepatic hemangiomas in newborns, review literature. Two cases of giant congenital hepatic hemangiomas
Authors: Podkamenev Alexey V. , Syrtsova Arina R. , Ti Roman A. , Kuzminykh Svetlana V. , Kondratiev Gleb V. , Myznikova Irina V. , Kostylev Alexandr A.
Published: April 2021

Hemangiomas are the most frequent tumors of childhood age. In the first year of life their prevalence is 1012%. Among premature children, the prevalence of hemangiomas correlates with the degree of prematurity. Liver hemangiomas are a wide range of benign vascular formations that can acquire both malignant course and capable of spontaneous regression. Small-sized hemangiomas generally do not require specific treatment and proceed asymptomally. Large-sized formations can cause life-threatening conditions such as severe thrombocytopenia with coagulopathy (KazabahMerrit syndrome), anaemia, tumor hemorrhage, spontaneous and traumatic tumor breaks, heart failure associated with intra-tumor bypass of blood flow, abdominal compression syndrome, severe hypothyroidism. Diagnosis of this pathology is carried out on the basis of a set of data of medical imaging, laboratory diagnostics and clinical picture. This review presents key points of general classification, the most characteristic diagnostic signs, as well as basic algorithms of treatment of liver hemangiomas in newborns and children of the first year of life. There are also described 2 clinical cases of newborns with giant liver hemangiomas, which were examined and treated in the pathology department of newborns and infants of Perinatal Center of St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University with a description of the peculiarities of the course of each of them.
On the norm in human mental development
Authors: Averin Vyacheslav A.
Published: April 2021

Various approaches and models of the concept of mental health norm are analysed: medical (biological), psychological, social normative, based on the principles of mechanistic determinism. As opposed to them, A.B. Cholmogorova advocates biopsychosocial models, which are based on a systemic approach. B.S. Bratus singles out the statistical adaptation approach and the adoption of negative criteria of the norm opposing it, as well as the cultural relativistic and existential approaches and the descriptive criteria of mental health opposing them. Searching for optimal criteria for the norms of mental development the HUMAN BEING is found to be in the centre of consideration as a result of cultural development in all its diversity: as an individual, personality, subject of activity, the integration of the variety of properties of which is expressed in individuality. The development of a human being within culture leads to the formation of a cultural consciousness, the main criteria of which are freedom, independence, creativity, self sufficiency and conscience. They can be considered as criteria for the normal course of a persons mental development. An attempt to formulate psychological tools to achieve aims of the mental development of a human being has been made. At the level of individual-personality this role belongs to the directedness of the personality, expressing the relation of an individual to the aims of the activity. At the level of the subject of activity to the individual style of activity. The interaction of these key factors of the development of a human being ensures the internal unity of all levels of the organization of a human being, resulting in the concept of the integrity of human being, which fully expresses the psychological content of individuality the bearer of cultural consciousness.
Medidas de Tendência Central: Análise da Qualidade das Questões do ENEM de 2016 a 2018
Authors: Emidio Andrade Soares Talita , Junio Marques Soares Denilson , Dos Santos Wagner
Published: April 2021

ResumoO Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) tem se constituido como uma das principais políticas de avaliação da qualidade da educação básica brasileira. A expansão do exame e as atribuições a ele investidas tornaram imprescindíveis as discussões acerca da sua estrutura e qualidade. Com o intuito de contribuir para esta temática, este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a qualidade de 11 itens de Matemática das provas do ENEM de 2016 a 2018, que se referem às Medidas de Tendência Central: média aritmética simples e ponderada, mediana e moda. Para isto, adotou-se uma metodologia predominantemente quantitativa e exploratória, desenvolvida a partir da aplicação de técnicas psicométricas a uma amostra representativa de participantes do exame. Os resultados apontaram para itens adequados e bem estruturados, que privilegiam o raciocínio lógico e a interpretação. A análise pedagógica indicou para a comum confusão entre os conceitos de média aritmética simples e ponderada, que representam a grande maioria dos itens analisadas. Espera-se que os resultados obtidos possam esclarecer alguns conceitos da psicometria e auxiliar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de estatística na educação básica.

Palavras-chave: Medidas de Tendência Central. Psicometria. Análise de Itens. ENEM.

AbstractThe National High School Examination (ENEM) has become one of the most of the main Brazilian quality evaluation policies in the field of basic education. The expansion and attributions invested in the test make indispensable the discussions about its structure and quality. In order to contribute to this theme, we propose to analyze 11 Maths questions to ENEM from 2016 to 2018 and related to Measures of Central Tendency: arithmetic mean; weighted arithmetic mean, median and mode. It was used a quantitative and exploratory methodology, developed through psychometrics methods applied to a significant sample of students that made the exam. The results pointed to well-structured items, that favor logical reasoning and interpretation and that have an excellent ability discriminate groups with different levels of. Its highlight the confusion between concepts of arithmetic mean and weighted arithmetic mean, that represent the most of the questions analyzed. It is hoped that this research may help clarify some concepts of psychometry and can assist in the teaching-learning process of statistics in basic education.Keywords: Measures of Central Tendency. Psychometry. Item Analysis. ENEM.
Estudos Sobre o Desenvolvimento Profissional de Professores
Authors: Müller Ana Paula Krein , Quartieri Marli Teresinha
Published: April 2021

ResumoCom o intuito de identificar aproximações com a pesquisa intitulada que está sendo desenvolvida por uma aluna no Doutorado em Ensino, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico para conhecer que tipos de estudos estão sendo efetivados com temas relacionados a esta investigação. Com o objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática em pesquisas que descrevem intervenções com o foco na “formação de professores”, “desenvolvimento profissional”, de modo a identificar como essa associação tem sido tratada na literatura Realizou-se uma busca nas revistas classificadas com A1 no Portal de periódicos da Capes no período de 2013 a 2018, selecionando os títulos que se aproximavam com os temas discutidos nesta pesquisa: “formação de professores” e “desenvolvimento profissional”. Com a análise dos artigos, percebeu-se a necessidade de pesquisas com período maior de formação, buscando formar um professor reflexivo, preocupado em aprimorar sua prática pedagógica, a importância da participação do grupo de professores, a troca e compartilhamento de ideias e atividades, além de alguns apontamentos como em relação a durante dos momentos de formação que podem ser importantes para a constituição de uma formação continuada que busca o desenvolvimento dos professores participantes.

Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento Profissional. Formação de Professores. Prática Pedagógica. Estudo Bibliográfico.

Abstract: In order to identify similarities with the research entitled that is being developed by a student in the Doctorate in Teaching, a bibliographic survey was carried out to find out what types of studies are being carried out with themes related to this investigation. In order to carry out a systematic review of research that describes interventions with a focus on "teacher training", "professional development", in order to identify how this association has been treated in the literature. A search was made in journals classified with A1 in the Capes journals portal from 2013 to 2018, selecting the titles that approached the topics discussed in this research: “teacher training” and “professional development”. With the analysis of the articles, there was a need for research with a longer period of training, seeking to train a reflective teacher, concerned with improving his pedagogical practice, the importance of the participation of the group of teachers, the exchange and sharing of ideas and activities, in addition to some notes such as in relation to during the training moments that may be important for the constitution of a continuing education that seeks the development of the participating teachers.

Keywords: Professional Development. Teacher Training. Pedagogical Practice. Bibliographic Study.
A Doença de Sócrates, ou a Doença Sócrates? Nietzsche entre Instinto e Razão
Authors: Araújo Fabíola Menezes , Silva Micael
Published: April 2021

“Socratism despises instinct and, with it, art. It denies wisdom just where it is in its most proper reign”. With this quote from The Dionysian world’s view Nietzsche shows up how he takes the philosophy’s most emblematic figure since the phylosophy’s birth in a duel. Nietzsche starred a duel with Socrates, or rather with what his represents in the course of Western thought. Nietzsche will regard Socrates as a kind of philosopher-antipode that will be present in early Nietzschean’s writings to the later works. The term ‘socratism’ encompasses a number of consequences not exactly to Socrates’s philosophy, but to the way within the German philosopher considers the master of Plato legacy’s as a cultural degeneration to what is here called Socrates’s sickness, other the sickness that is Socrates. Our intention here is to put in question this legacy. To overcome the metaphysics where the socratism as a disease takes place, our author calls the tragic.
Gülnar (Mersin) İlçesi Elma Ağaçlarındaki Zararlı ve Yararlı Arthropoda Türlerinin Tespiti ve Bazı Biyoekolojik Gözlemler
Authors: SARI Emre Deniz , YILDIRIM Erol
Published: April 2021

Gülnar (Mersin)’da elma ağaçlarında bulunan zararlı ve yararlı Arthropoda türlerini saptamaya yönelik olarak yapılan bu çalışma 2014-2015 yıllarında ilkbahar, yaz ve sonbahar periyotlarında sürdürülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda, 26 zararlı ve 13 yararlı tür tespit edilmiştir. En önemli zararlı türlerin; Panonychus ulmi (Koch, 1836), Aphis pomi DeGeer, 1773, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann, 1802), Tropinota hirta (Poda, 1761) ve Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus, 1758) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bölgede elma ağaçlarında ekonomik açıdan önemli ve ana zararlı türün, Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus, 1758) olduğu ve eşeysel çekici feromon tuzakları kullanılarak ilk ergin çıkış zamanı, popülasyon değişimleri ve doğada aktif olarak bulunduğu dönemler saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, bu çalışmada incelenen zararlı türlerin biyoekolojileri ile ilgili bazı bilgiler elde edilmiştir.
Reducing Unemployment, Poverty and Promoting Empowerment through Skills Acquisition (TVET): A Case Study of Returnee Migrants
Authors: Ohagwu Onyekachi , Hassan Zamri bin Hj , Carlo Dolly Paul
Published: April 2021

This paper explains recent statistics and phenomena related to returnee migrants in Edo state, Nigeria. The significance of this paper is that it creates awareness on causes and motives behind irregular migration leading to repatriation (returned migrants). Based on data gathered from most research participants (returnee migrant) – the quest to improve one’s socioeconomic living conditions are the motives behind most Nigerians’ migration journey (regular or irregular) to western countries (i.e., Europe, Canada, USA, etc.). The socioeconomic imbalance in Nigeria is mainly caused by the high rate of unemployment and poverty; thus, the majority of Nigerians are of the opinion that migrating to western countries, is a potential pathway to an improved socioeconomic living condition. This paper further suggests – skill acquisition (TVET) as an approach to reduce unemployment and poverty; thus, economically improving the socioeconomic living conditions of the majority of Nigerians.