bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pd Clusters Loaded with Multivalent Cu Foam for Superior Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction and Selective N≡N Bond Formation
Authors: Gao Weiqi , Sun Jie , Zhao Guohua
Published: December 2023

The electrochemical denitrification of nitrate (NO3−) in actual wastewater to nitrogen (N2) is an effective approach to reversing the current imbalance of the nitrogen cycle and the eutrophication of water. However, electrostatic repulsion between NO3− and the cathode results in the low efficiency of NO3− reduction reaction (NO3RR). Here, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used as a theoretical guide to design a Pd cluster‐loaded multivalent Cu foam (Pd/Cu2O‐CF) electrocatalyst, which achieves a splendid 97.8% NO3− removal rate, 97.9% N2 selectivity, 695.5 mg N g−1Pd h−1 reduction efficiency, and 60.0% Faradaic efficiency at −1.3 V versus SCE. The projected density of states (pDOS) indicates that NO3− and Pd/Cu2O‐CF are bonded via strong complexation between the O 2p (in NO3−) and Cu 3d (in Cu2O) with the input of voltage, which reduces the electrostatic repulsion and enhances the enrichment of NO3− on the cathode. In‐situ characterizations demonstrate that Pd[H] can reduce Cu2O to Cu, and subsequently Cu reduces NO3− to nitrite (NO2−) accompanied by in situ reconfiguration of multivalent Cu foam. NO2− is then transferred to the surface of Pd clusters by the cascade catalysis and accelerates the breaking of N─O bonds to form Pd─N, and eventually achieves the N≡N bond formation.
Physical Pretreatment on Common Bean Starch at Acid Hydrolyzed Nanocrystals Structure and Properties
Authors: Pinto Vania Zanella , Pinto Camila Costa , de Souza Sérgio Michielon , Moomand Khalid , Biduski Bárbara , dos Santos Gustavo Henrique Fidelis , Dias Alvaro Renato Guerra
Published: December 2023

Starch nanocrystals (SNC) are insoluble platelets with crystalline structures produced by acid hydrolysis. Pretreatments, including heat–moisture treatment (HMT), annealing (ANN), and sonication (SNT) can be used to improve SNC properties. They investigate the impact of these pretreatments on SNC structure and properties, including hydrolysis kinetics and yield, molecular structure, infrared spectroscopy, crystallinity (Xc), and thermal stability. Hydrolysis of native and pretreated starches followed a two‐phase first‐order model with an initial rapid stage and a slower second stage based on the k‐values. SNC yield is improved by at least 180% than previously reported. HMT SNC yield is 42.3% while native SNC is 35.2%. Structural analysis reveals that SNC displayed an A‐type structure with increased Xc. However, prolonged acid hydrolysis (7 days) reduces Xc by breaking long molecular chains into shorter glucose ones, reducing SNC yield. Melting temperatures (Tp) of pretreated SNC increase after 5 days of hydrolysis. Pretreated carioca bean starch shows advantages for SNC production after 5 days of hydrolysis, reaching good yield and Xc. HMT and SNT prove effective in improving hydrolysis yield and thermal stability, while ANN slightly accelerates SNC production. Their findings provide valuable insights into optimizing pretreatments for enhancing SNC properties and expanding their applications.
Genomic‐wide identification and expression analysis of AP2/ERF transcription factors in Zanthoxylum armatum reveals the candidate genes for the biosynthesis of terpenoids
Authors: Liu Xiaomeng , Zhang Weiwei , Tang Ning , Chen Zexiong , Rao Shen , Cheng Hua , Luo Chengrong , Ye Jiabao , Cheng Shuiyuan , Xu Feng
Published: December 2023

Terpenoids are the main active components in the Zanthoxylum armatum leaves, which have extensive medicinal value. The Z. armatum leaf is the main by‐product in the Z. armatum industry. However, the transcription factors involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids are rarely reported. This study was performed to identify and classify the APETALA2/ethylene‐responsive factor (AP2/ERF) gene family of Z. armatum. The chromosome distribution, gene structure, conserved motifs, and cis‐acting elements of the promoter of the species were also comprehensively analyzed. A total of 214 ZaAP2/ERFs were identified. From the obtained transcriptome and terpenoid content data, four candidate ZaAP2/ERFs involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids were selected via correlation and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using 13 AP2/ERFs related to the biosynthesis of terpenoids in other plants. ZaERF063 and ZaERF166 showed close evolutionary relationships with the ERFs in other plant species and shared a high AP2‐domain sequence similarity with the two closest AP2/ERF proteins, namelySmERF8 from Salvia miltiorrhiza and AaERF4 from Artemisia annua. Further investigation into the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on the content of terpenoids in Z. armatum leaves revealed that MeJA significantly induced the upregulation of ZaERF166 and led to a significant increase in the terpenoids content in Z. armatum leaves, indicating that ZaERF166 might be involved in the accumulation of terpenoids of Z. armatum. Results will be beneficial for the functional characterization of AP2/ERFs in Z. armatum and establishment of the theoretical foundation to increase the production of terpenoids via the manipulation of the regulatory elements and strengthen the development and utilization of Z. armatum leaves.
Intricate dynamics of rotational buoyancy, magnetic field, Hall current, and infrared radiation in a Casson fluid medium
Authors: Das Sanatan , Banu Ayesha Siddika , Sarkar Soumitra , Ali Asgar , Jana Rabindra Nath
Published: December 2023

Rotational buoyancy assumes a substantial role in a multitude of natural and engineering systems, with particular emphasis on astrophysical and geophysical scenarios. The primary objective of this study is to delve into the intricate dynamics of a rotational flow subjected to forces from rotational buoyancy, magnetic field, Hall effects, and infrared radiation in a Casson fluid medium adjacent to a thermal plate. The LT technique is harnessed to yield the closed‐form solutions for the dimensionless governing flow system. Through graphical analyzes, the physical implications of key contextual parameters are elucidated. Our findings demonstrate that Hall currents and rotational buoyancy forces jointly act to restrict primary fluid motion while amplifying secondary motion. An upswing in the Casson parameter leads to a marked reduction in the magnitude of the velocity components. Furthermore, intensified infrared radiation results in a more flattened thermal distribution. The primary directional shear stress attenuates, while an inverse bias is observed for the shear stress along the secondary direction, particularly with higher values of the Hall and rotation parameters. The insights gained from this study have practical implications for the design and operation of various systems involving rotational components, such as rotary machinery, automotive systems, and industrial automation, and contribute to weather forecasting and climate modelling.
Introducing the UK Climate Resilience Programme
Authors: Dessai Suraje , Lonsdale Kate , Lowe Jason , Harcourt Rachel
Published: December 2023

Research and policy relating to climate change risks and adaptation have been developing in the UK since the 1990s.

The 2008 Climate Change Act established much of the framework for UK climate risk assessment and adaptation management.

The UK Climate Resilience Programme was funded from 2018–2023 to address research gaps in characterising and quantifying climate risks, managing climate related risks through adaptation, and co-producing climate services.

From the outset, the programme prioritised co-production, innovation, trans-disciplinary research, and working with stakeholders to ensure outputs were useful and usable.
Future Changes in Indicators of Climate Hazard and Resource in the UK
Authors: Arnell Nigel , Dorling Stephen , Fowler Hayley , Hanlon Helen , Jenkins Katie , Kennedy-Asser Alan
Published: December 2023

The UK Climate Resilience Programme (UKCR) funded several projects that have calculated how climate change is likely to affect climate hazards and resources across the UK, using the latest UK Climate Projections (UKCP18).

Under a high emissions scenario, heatwaves and high temperature extremes become more frequent across the UK, leading to an increase in human mortality, animal heat stress, potato blight, wildfire danger and damage to road and rail infrastructure. Cold weather extremes continue to occur but become less frequent.

Also under high emissions, the growing season starts earlier, lasts longer and is warmer; this is particularly beneficial for grassland and viticulture, but the chance of summer drought and dry soils increases. The precise effects vary across different agricultural systems.

With respect to rainfall, high hourly and daily totals become more frequent, leading to a greater chance of flash flooding. River floods become more frequent in the north and west of the UK, but low river flows and droughts also become more frequent, and water quality in upland water sources declines. The actual size of the change in risk is uncertain, primarily due to uncertainty in exactly how rainfall will change.

There are large differences in change in risk across the UK. However, the actual size of the change in risk is uncertain, primarily due to uncertainty in exactly how rainfall will change.
What Has Been Learned About Converting Climate Hazard Data to Climate Risk Information?
Authors: Bernie Dan , Garry Freya , Jenkins Katie , Arnell Nigel , Dawkins Laura , Ford Alistair , Kennedy-Asser Alan , O’Hare Paul , Perks Rachel , Ramsey Victoria , Sayers Paul
Published: December 2023

Understanding climate risks requires consideration of the hazard, vulnerability and exposure.

The understanding and quantification of climate vulnerabilities is central to developing valuable assessments of future risks, with close communication between stakeholders and researchers crucial to achieving this.

Access to existing exposureand vulnerability data is highly fragmented; a centralised authoritative repository, where such data could be combined with climate data, would widen access and facilitate research.

There is an ongoing need for multiple risk frameworks and tools to address the breadth of climate resilience issues.

The analysis of compound, cascadingand systemic risks would benefit from more focus in the context of national scale risk assessments.
Note on Delivering Impact
Authors: Harcourt Rachel , Hopkins-Bond Nick
Published: December 2023

Building a strong connection with the target audience, by considering their concerns, priorities, experience and knowledge, is crucial for effective engagement of non-academics in climate change adaptation research.

Also important is tailoring the method of engagement to each audience and intended purpose; for example, creating visual representations of complex scientific data or undertaking co-creative art projects.

Considering appropriate and effective ways of measuring impact and benefit from the outset—perhaps co-developed with users—is key to quantifying the overall success of a climate service.
Climate Resilience: Interpretations of the Term and Implications for Practice
Authors: Lonsdale Kate , Arnell Nigel , Coles Tim , Lock Kate , O’Connell Emer , O’Hare Paul , Tompkins Emma
Published: December 2023

The term ‘resilience’, which is integral to the UK Climate Resilience Programme (UKCR), has been used increasingly in academic, practice and public discourse around climate change, and crises more generally. The term’s appeal comes from its ability to frame crises not as uncontrollable and uncertain phenomena to be feared, but as challenges over which one can triumph, with the potential for improving society.
Putting Climate Resilience in Its Place: Developing Spatially Literate Climate Adaptation Initiatives
Authors: Garry Freya , O’Hare Paul , Scannell Claire , Ashton Jenna , Davies Michael , Freeborough Katy A. , Kennedy-Asser Alan , Macdonald Neil , Scott-Bottoms Stephen , Sharp Liz
Published: December 2023

Understanding the socioeconomic, cultural, historical and political nuances of a place is essential for realising effective local decision-making for climate action.

People are central to understanding place-based risk and resilience, with consideration of inequalityand vulnerability required for effective place-basedclimate adaptation.

Temporality is important. Place is not fixed, but changes over time, together with the community that inhabits it.

Discussing and sharing community knowledge increases the likelihood of successful creation and implementation of climate adaptation practices.

A sense of place can be deployed to build connections between people, across policy and between scales.
Learning from Arts and Humanities Approaches to Building Climate Resilience in the UK
Authors: Brookes Edward , McDonagh Briony , Wagner Corinna , Ashton Jenna , Harvey-Fishenden Alice , Kennedy-Asser Alan , Macdonald Neil , Smith Kate
Published: December 2023

This chapter shares insights from five arts and humanities-led UK Climate Resilience Programme (UKCR) projects, presenting key learnings and pathways for future research and policy interventions.

We highlight the significant potential of place-based arts and humanities approaches for working with and engaging communities in building climate resilience and driving climate action.

We underline the importance of generating genuine two-way dialogue, knowledge exchange and co-creation between academics, practitioners, and community members.

We point to the importance of robustly and reflexively assessing the effectivenessof artsand humanities-led engagement.

We argue that working collectively to develop more integrated climate and arts/cultural policy is imperative for supporting future long-term climate resilience.
Improved Understanding and Characterisation of Climate Hazards in the UK
Authors: Catto Jennifer , Brown Simon , Barnes Clair , Chan Steven , Cotterill Daniel , Dale Murray , Dawkins Laura , Fowler Hayley , Garry Freya , Keat Will , Kendon Elizabeth , Lowe Jason , Manning Colin , Pritchard David , Robins Peter , Sexton David , Shooter Rob , Stephenson David
Published: December 2023

This chapter describes new methods and datasets, developed through UK Climate Resilience Programme (UKCR) projects, to better understand climate hazards.

We describe projections of hazards using new tools and provide examples of applications for decision-making.

Going forward, this new physical and statistical understanding should be incorporated into climate risk assessments.
Kollaborative, modulare Datenanalyse als Werkzeug im Qualitätsmanagement
Authors: Ringeln Martina , Legner Sibylle , Pähler Sebastian , John Katharina , Cibis Andreas , Gryga Ralf , Krüger Lennart , Osterbrink Corinna , Reinhart Felix , Klapic Edin , Klinkenberg Ralf , Syberg Marius , Ferstl Hermann , Sindram Tanja , Doukas Michael , Deuse Jochen
Published: December 2023

Im Anwendungsfall zum datengetriebenen vernetzten Qualitätsmanagement im Forschungsprojekt AKKORD arbeiten Miele, IPS und RapidMiner an der Entwicklung eines modular erweiterbaren und ganzheitlichen Analysesystems auf Basis der im Projekt entwickelten Plattform. Inhaltlich wurden dafür Daten aus dem Bereich der Feldbeobachtung gewählt, die besonders interessant sind, da sie Rückschlüsse über die erlebte Qualität beim Kunden in der Nutzungsphase zulassen. Anhand von Ersatzteilverkäufen und anderen Datensätzen werden beispielhaft Analysebausteine zu Überwachung, Abweichungserkennung und Prognose erarbeitet. Durch die Übertragbarkeit der Analysebausteine und des Vorgehens auf sehr viele ähnliche Datenquellen kann so ein modularer Baukasten entstehen, der Transparenz über die aktuelle und zukünftige Qualitätssituation schafft. Die Erstellung der Analysebausteine durch Expertinnen und Experten aus dem Qualitätsmanagement anhand von Fragestellungen aus der Praxis wird durch ihre Befähigung auf dem Gebiet der Datenwissenschaften möglich. Dieses Kapitel beschreibt die Herangehensweise aus Sicht des Qualitätsmanagements, die Unterstützung, die AKKORD hinsichtlich der Problemstellung bietet sowie beispielhafte Ergebnisse und Analysebausteine des Anwendungsfalls im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts.
Vorgehensweisen für menschzentrierte Datenanalyseprojekte
Authors: Bühler Adrienne , Rösch Andrea , Schötz Anette , Ruzicka Birko , Nordmann Céline , Dar Daniaal , Ferstl Hermann , Joachimbauer Julian , Doukas Michael , Sindram Tanja , Huber Thomas
Published: December 2023

Das methodische Vorgehen in einem Data-Science-Projekt ist für kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) auf verschiedenen Ebenen ein herausforderndes Thema. Neben den technischen Aspekten werden ebenso organisatorische und menschzentrierte Methoden benötigt, um den Erfolg eines Projekts zu sichern. Aktuell werden jedoch bei den auf dem Markt existierenden Data Science Vorgehensmodellen die unterschiedlichen Organisationskulturen in den verschiedenen Branchen und Firmengrößen nicht berücksichtigt. Das Ziel dieses Kapitels ist es, ein modulares Vorgehensmodell zur Unterstützung der Einführung, der Initialisierung und der Realisierung von Industriellen Data Science (IDS) Projekten im Dreiklang Mensch, Technik und Organisation für KMUs zu definieren. Das Vorgehensmodell liefert konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für die technische Lösungsentwicklung und -umsetzung sowie das Change-Management auf Basis einer ganzheitlichen Interview-Serie „Mensch-Projekt-Organisation“ mit 50 Teilnehmer:innen. Darüber hinaus wurde das Vorgehensmodell um User Experience (UX)-Methodiken erweitert, um die Nutzerperspektive stärker in IDS-Projekte einzubinden. Das erweiterte IDS-Vorgehensmodell wurde mithilfe von einer vierteiligen Interviewserie mit End-Anwendern erfolgreich validiert. Ein weiteres Ergebnis ist das Reifegradmodell, welches KMUs die Möglichkeit bietet, anhand eines Fragebogens den Reifegrad zur Einführung von IDS-Projekten zu erfassen. Zudem wurde eine flächendeckende Studie zur Erfassung der aktuellen Verbreitung von IDS in KMUs sowie den damit verbundenen Hemmnissen mit 200 Teilnehmer:innen durchgeführt. Das Ergebnis des Kapitels ist für jene KMUs relevant, die nachhaltig erfolgreiche Data-Science-Projekte einführen, aufsetzen und realisieren wollen.
Umsetzung der Analysebausteine im Autorenn-Demonstrator
Authors: Schwenken Jörn , West Nikolai , Syberg Marius , Deuse Jochen
Published: December 2023

Dieses Kapitel beschreibt die konzeptionelle und technische Umsetzung eines anschaulichen Anwendungsszenarios für die AKKORD-Plattform. Ziel des umgesetzten Demonstrators ist es, den Nutzen der Plattform-Komponente AI-Toolbox für industrielle Datenanalysen zu veranschaulichen und die Akzeptanz bei Anwendern zu erhöhen. Der Demonstrator basiert auf einer digitalen Modellautorennbahn im Maßstab 1:32, bei der Daten aus verschiedenen Quellen erfasst und analysiert werden, beispielsweise Rennevents und Tankständen der Autos. Die gesammelten Daten werden über eine Bluetooth-Schnittstelle eines Raspberry Pis verfügbar gemacht. Zugriffs-, Analyse- und Nutzungsmodule der AKKORD-Plattform werden eingesetzt, um den Datenzugriff, die Datenanalyse und die Visualisierung der Analyseergebnisse für Anwender zu ermöglichen. Beispielhafte Analysen sind die Identifikation von Rennsieger:innen, die Berechnung der Renngeschwindigkeiten und die Prognose zukünftiger Rennsieger:innen. Die Analyseergebnisse werden in Dashboards präsentiert, um den Anwendern gehaltvolle Informationen über ihr Fahrverhalten und weitere Aspekte des Rennens zu bieten. Der Demonstrator soll den Einstieg in industrielle Datenanalysen für Anwender erleichtern und ihnen helfen, Potenziale für ihre individuellen Anwendungen der AKKORD-Plattform zu entdecken. Darüber hinaus leistet der Demonstrator einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Validierung der konzeptionellen und technischen Eignung der Bausteine des AKKORD-Referenzbaukastens. Insgesamt stellt der universitäre Demonstrator einen autarken Anwendungsfall zur Datenanalyse dar.
Industrielle Datenanalyse im Einklang mit Mensch, Technik und Organisation
Authors: Deuse Jochen , Klinkenberg Ralf , West Nikolai , Syberg Marius
Published: December 2023

Im BMBF-Forschungsvorhaben AKKORD wurden Werkzeuge entwickelt, die insbesondere kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen dazu befähigen industrielle Datenanalysen wertschöpfend einzusetzen. Im integrierten Referenzbaukasten werden bausteinartige Teillösungen zur Anwendung industrieller Datenanalysen bereitstellt. Entscheidend für die Gestaltung der Umsetzung von industrieller Datenanalyse ist der Einklang von Mensch, Technik und Organisation (MTO). Dazu wurden Lösungen für die Kompetenzentwicklung der Mitarbeiter, für die technische Datenbereitstellung und die modulare Datenanalyse entwickelt. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass Unternehmen verstanden haben, dass es längst nicht mehr nur um den Fertigungsprozess an sich geht, wenn es um eine gute Position im Markt geht. Ausgehend von den Entwicklungen in AKKORD zeigt sich, dass es im Rahmen der Betrachtung von MTO als Gestaltungsprinzipien für die nachhaltige Implementierung wichtig ist, die Bereiche Daten, Analyst und System in den Fokus zu stellen, um Hindernisse zu überwinden und Potenziale zu heben.
Ausgangssituation und technische Grundlagen
Authors: West Nikolai , Syberg Marius , Schwenken Jörn , Eickhoff Thomas , Göbel Jens C. , Frey Michael , Emrich Andreas , Klupak Christopher A. , Walker Felix , Deuse Jochen
Published: December 2023

Der Einsatz industrieller Datenanalysen zur Erzeugung von Wissen für eine Unterstützung der Entscheidungsfindung in produzierenden Unternehmen gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Bisher fehlen umfassende Lösungen, die die diversen Aufgaben zusammenführen und eine systematische sowie zielgerichtete Anwendung von Datenanalysen unterstützen. In diesem Kapitel werden die Ausgangssituation und die technischen Grundlagen beschrieben, auf denen eine derartige Plattformlösung basiert. Behandelt werden dabei sowohl allgemeingültige Themen wie Referenzmodellierung und Plattformkonzepte, als auch projektspezifische Zusammenhänge der vier Leistungsbereiche im Forschungsvorhaben. In diesem Kapitel werden die Grundlagen einer integrierten Datenvernetzung, der industriellen Datenanalyse, von Kompetenzaufbau und -sicherung sowie von digitalen Kollaborationsmöglichkeiten und Geschäftsmodellen vorgestellt. Die Arbeiten bereiten die konzeptionellen und technischen Arbeiten des Forschungsvorhabens vor und referenzieren die weiterführenden Arbeiten entsprechend.
Prozesskette der industriellen Datenanalyse
Authors: West Nikolai , Syberg Marius , Schwenken Jörn , Klapic Edin , Klinkenberg Ralf , Deuse Jochen
Published: December 2023

In diesem Kapitel wird mit der Prozesskette der industriellen Datenanalyse das zentrale Konzept des Forschungsprojekts AKKORD vorgestellt. Mithilfe der Prozesskette können im Kontext der Industrie 4.0 und der Digitalisierung die Potenziale von Datenanalysen in der industriellen Produktion erschlossen werden. Der AKKORD-Referenzbaukasten basiert auf dieser Prozesskette und umfasst sechs verschiedene Bausteine, die den Umgang mit datenwissenschaftlichen Aufgabestellungen vereinfachen. Die Zielgruppe des Referenzbaukastens sind insbesondere Kleine und Mittlere Unternehmen (KMU), die häufig mit Hindernissen bei der Durchführung von industriellen Datenanalysen konfrontiert sind. Der Referenzbaukasten macht durch die Bereitstellung von modularen und einheitlichen Lösungsbausteinen die industrielle Datenanalyse einem breiteren Nutzerspektrum zugänglich. Dabei wird auf die Wiederverwendbarkeit von Datenanalysemethoden gesetzt, um Ressourcen zu schonen und die Komplexität von Datenanalysen zu reduzieren. Die Prozesskette der Datenanalyse besteht aus den vier Schritten Zugriff, Analyse, Nutzung und Verwaltung, wobei der letzte Schritt parallel zu den weiteren Bausteinen abläuft. Die Bausteine der Prozesskette lassen sich den Schritten des etablierten Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining zuordnen und umfassen praxisorientierte Module. Das AKKORD-Konzept soll so die Erwartungen an die Potenziale von Industrial Data Science (IDS) erfüllen und auch unerfahrene Nutzer von diesem Trend profitieren lassen.
Kompetenzentwicklung und -sicherung in der industriellen Datenanalyse von Wertschöpfungsnetzwerken
Authors: Klupak Christopher , Walker Felix , Zimmermann Volker , Adams Rebekka
Published: December 2023

Kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) stehen vor besonderen Herausforderungen, wenn es darum geht, die vielfältigen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der industriellen Datenanalyse für sich als Wettbewerbsvorteil zu nutzen. Aufgrund der begrenzten Ressourcen wie Kapital, Mitarbeiter und Knowhow haben gerade diese Unternehmen einen besonders großen Bedarf, um ihre Mitarbeitenden in der Anwendung von industrieller Datenanalyse auszubilden und ihre Kompetenzen stetig zu erweitern. Durch die Bereitstellung von Mikrokursen und Instrumenten, die speziell auf die Bedürfnisse von KMU abgestimmt sind, können Unternehmen ihre Mitarbeiter gezielt schulen und weiterbilden. Dies trägt nicht nur zur Förderung der beruflichen Entwicklung bei, sondern deckt auch den Bedarf an qualifizierten Fachkräften in diesem Bereich. Letztendlich wird damit insbesondere das Ziel verfolgt, den wirtschaftlichen Erfolg des Unternehmens zu verbessern. Die entwickelte Work&Learn-Plattform im Projekt AKKORD bietet verschiedene rollenbezogene Kurse, die sich an der Prozesskette der industriellen Datenanalyse (Zugriff, Analyse, Anwendung und Administration) orientiert. Die Teilnehmenden können ihre Schulungen auf ihre individuellen Ziele und Bedürfnisse abstimmen und erhalten nach erfolgreicher Kursteilnahme und Abschlusstest für die jeweilige Kompetenzrolle ein AKKORD-Zertifikat, das ihre Kompetenzen im Bereich der industriellen Datenanalyse bestätigt. Des Weiteren bietet die Plattform auch eine Ein- und Ausgangsbefragung, um den Lernfortschritt sowie den Bedarf der Teilnehmenden zu ermitteln und eine optimale Schulung zu garantieren.
Navigating Uncharted Waters: Women Empowerment and Public Policy in the Context of the Arab Gulf States
Authors: Naguib Rabia
Published: December 2023

This Open Access book offers a comprehensive examination of the various aspects of women’s empowerment and public policy in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, with a focus on Qatar. The GCC countries have made women’s empowerment a national priority and implemented policies in line with SDG5, which promotes gender equality. The book features qualitative research based on the experiences and perspectives of women, giving insight into how women’s empowerment is being envisioned and realized in the GCC context. The adopted context-driven approach considers local values and the Islamic worldview and highlights the ideological and epistemological challenges posed by the differences between Western and Majority-Muslim referential systems. This book provides a deeper and nuanced understanding of the complexities of promoting women’s empowerment in the GCC region and is a valuable resource for scholars and policymakers working on gender and empowerment, particularly in the Gulf and Arab world.
Work-Life Balance Challenges and Family-Friendly Policies: Evidence from Qatar
Authors: Barbar Julia , Naguib Rabia , AbuHilal Maysaa
Published: December 2023

This chapter focuses on the major challenges facing women in balancing work and family life, highlighting the crucial role of cultural and institutional factors in shaping work-life policies in Qatar. The chapter provides a comparative analysis of human resource laws and recent developments in family-friendly policies, such as leave, childcare, and flexible work arrangements. The chapter also presents the findings of 26 semi-structured interviews with local and migrant women, exploring the challenges they face in the workplace, the factors influencing their employment decisions, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their work-life experiences. The chapter concludes with insights into the significance of part-time work and flexible work arrangements for women in Qatar.
Closing the Divide: Women Empowerment in Qatar Between Rhetoric and Reality
Authors: Hassan Abdulmajeed Fouad Nada
Published: December 2023

The Arab Gulf nations, including Qatar, have embraced women’s empowerment as a central aspect of their national development. Numerous initiatives have been launched to further this cause. However, despite the public rhetoric emphasizing progress in this area, there seems to be a discrepancy between this and the experiences of women on the ground. This chapter aims to examine this gap by exploring the impact of state feminism within a welfare state on the empowerment of ordinary women. To do this, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 Qatari women to gather their perspectives. Using a power lens, this study found that the women interviewed faced challenges in areas such as freedom of choice, legal rights, inclusiveness, and representation. The results suggest a disconnect between the empowerment initiatives and the lived experiences of these women, highlighting the need for a shift towards a bottom-up approach that focuses on the organic growth of a powerful female community that can advocate for and assert their rights within the context of their realities.
Through the Eye of the Needle: Lessons in Women’s Empowerment and Public Policy from the Arab Gulf
Authors: Langworthy Melissa , Naguib Rabia
Published: December 2023

In this chapter, we challenge the dominant perspective that views the ‘universalization’ of the international agenda on women’s empowerment as the only way for states to both promote women’s rights and be seen as a legitimate modern state. Our study provides a comparative analysis of public policies and gender data from the six Arab Gulf nations (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE) to examine the situation of women’s empowerment in the Arab Gulf region. We argue that the persistence of neoliberal capitalist frameworks and Western-defined human rights strategies has perpetuated orientalist discourses that contrast Arab cultures with Western ones. We assert that the international women’s agenda, by emphasizing neoliberal ideals, overlooks and devalues contexts where progress is not measured in individual terms, but rather requires prioritizing the family and household in women’s economic pursuits. Through this lens, we present Arab Gulf policy frameworks as important and effective strategies that prioritize the provision of care, support for work-life reconciliation, and the freedom to pursue progress for women who have different life goals beyond the neoliberal framework.
Epilogue—Epistemic Healing: Reclaiming Women’s Empowerment in Islamic Sources
Authors: Naguib Rabia
Published: December 2023

This epilogue concludes the journey towards a thorough and contextualized understanding of women’s empowerment in Arab and Muslim-majority societies, as presented in this book. The study debunks the narrow view and prevailing discourse from Western ideologies, offering a fresh outlook rooted in local values and Islamic teachings. It delves into the Islamic sources and teachings that inform women’s empowerment, exploring the policy implications and promoting inclusiveness in such policies. Additionally, the chapter seeks to reconcile the epistemological and cultural tensions in the discourse on women’s empowerment.
Pole skipping in holographic theories with gauge and fermionic fields
Authors: Ning Sirui , Wang Diandian , Wang Zi-Yue
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Using covariant expansions, recent work showed that pole skipping happens in general holographic theories with bosonic fields at frequencies i(lb − s)2πT, where lb is the highest integer spin in the theory and s takes all positive integer values. We revisit this formalism in theories with gauge symmetry and upgrade the pole-skipping condition so that it works without having to remove the gauge redundancy. We also extend the formalism by incorporating fermions with general spins and interactions and show that their presence generally leads to a separate tower of pole-skipping points at frequencies i(lf − s)2πT, lf being the highest half-integer spin in the theory and s again taking all positive integer values. We also demonstrate the practical value of this formalism using a selection of examples with spins 0,$$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

, 1,$$ \frac{3}{2} $$

3
2

, 2.
Energy correlators on tracks: resummation and non-perturbative effects
Authors: Jaarsma Max , Li Yibei , Moult Ian , Waalewijn Wouter , Zhu Hua Xing
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Energy correlators measured inside high-energy jets at hadron colliders have recently been demonstrated to provide a new window into both perturbative and non-perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics. A number of the most interesting features of these correlators, namely their universal scaling behavior and the ability to image the confinement transition, require precise angular resolution, necessitating the use of tracking information in experimental measurements. Theoretically, tracking information can be incorporated into the energy correlators using track functions, which are non-perturbative functions describing the fragmentation of quarks and gluons into charged hadrons. In this paper, we apply our recently developed track function formalism to energy correlators, and study in detail the interplay of track functions with perturbative resummation and non-perturbative power corrections. We provide resummed results for the energy correlators at collinear next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy and compare with parton shower Monte Carlo simulations. For the two-point correlator the use of tracking has a minimal effect throughout the entire distribution, but it has a significant effect for higher point correlators. Our results are crucial for the theoretical interpretation of recent experimental measurements of the energy-energy correlators.
Perception of pharmacological equivalence of generics or biosimilars in healthcare professionals in Vienna
Authors: Binder Lukas , Zeitlinger Markus
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Due to constantly rising therapy costs, biosimilars and generic drugs have gained tremendous importance through recent decades. Nevertheless, the acceptance among healthcare workers regarding biosimilars and generic drugs in previously published international studies is considerably lower than the scientific data on equivalent safety and efficacy would suggest. The aim of this questionnaire-based survey was to determine the perception and knowledge regarding generic drugs and biosimilars by medical professionals from different healthcare facilities in Vienna, Austria.

Methods

The online questionnaire was sent to public and religious hospitals in Vienna, including the university hospital “Vienna General Hospital.” In addition, doctors’ offices were reached by sending out the questionnaire in the weekly news of the Vienna Medical Association.

Results

A total of 282 physicians and 311 graduated nurses took part in the study. 63% and 62% of the participants were convinced that generic respective biosimilar drugs were clinically equivalent to the original reference drug. On average, 1.6 out of 4 knowledge questions were answered correctly about generics, while only 0.87 out of 4 questions were answered accurately about biosimilars.

Conclusion

The results of this study support the outcome from previous surveys demonstrating that a large proportion of healthcare professionals is still skeptical about generics and biosimilars. According to the results of this study, better education of the medical staff might ensure greater acceptance of these types of drugs.
Automated identification of uncertain cases in deep learning-based classification of dopamine transporter SPECT to improve clinical utility and acceptance
Authors: Budenkotte Thomas , Apostolova Ivayla , Opfer Roland , Krüger Julia , Klutmann Susanne , Buchert Ralph
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) are promising for automatic classification of dopamine transporter (DAT)-SPECT images. Reporting the certainty of CNN-based decisions is highly desired to flag cases that might be misclassified and, therefore, require particularly careful inspection by the user. The aim of the current study was to design and validate a CNN-based system for the identification of uncertain cases.

Methods

A network ensemble (NE) combining five CNNs was trained for binary classification of [123I]FP-CIT DAT-SPECT images as “normal” or “neurodegeneration-typical reduction” with high accuracy (NE for classification, NEfC). An uncertainty detection module (UDM) was obtained by combining two additional NE, one trained for detection of “reduced” DAT-SPECT with high sensitivity, the other with high specificity. A case was considered “uncertain” if the “high sensitivity” NE and the “high specificity” NE disagreed. An internal “development” dataset of 1740 clinical DAT-SPECT images was used for training (n = 1250) and testing (n = 490). Two independent datasets with different image characteristics were used for testing only (n = 640, 645). Three established approaches for uncertainty detection were used for comparison (sigmoid, dropout, model averaging).

Results

In the test data from the development dataset, the NEfC achieved 98.0% accuracy. 4.3% of all test cases were flagged as “uncertain” by the UDM: 2.5% of the correctly classified cases and 90% of the misclassified cases. NEfC accuracy among “certain” cases was 99.8%. The three comparison methods were less effective in labelling misclassified cases as “uncertain” (40–80%). These findings were confirmed in both additional test datasets.

Conclusion

The UDM allows reliable identification of uncertain [123I]FP-CIT SPECT with high risk of misclassification. We recommend that automatic classification of [123I]FP-CIT SPECT images is combined with an UDM to improve clinical utility and acceptance. The proposed UDM method (“high sensitivity versus high specificity”) might be useful also for DAT imaging with other ligands and for other binary classification tasks.
Prevalence and clinical implications of coronary artery calcium scoring on non-gated thoracic computed tomography: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Osborne-Grinter Maia , Ali Adnan , Williams Michelle C.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Coronary artery calcifications (CACs) indicate the presence of coronary artery disease. CAC can be found on thoracic computed tomography (CT) conducted for non-cardiac reasons. This systematic review and meta-analysis of non-gated thoracic CT aims to assess the clinical impact and prevalence of CAC.

Methods

Online databases were searched for articles assessing prevalence, demographic characteristics, accuracy and prognosis of incidental CAC on non-gated thoracic CT. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model.

Results

A total of 108 studies (113,406 patients) were included (38% female). Prevalence of CAC ranged from 2.7 to 100% (pooled prevalence 52%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 46–58%). Patients with CAC were older (pooled standardised mean difference 0.88, 95% CI 0.65–1.11, p < 0.001), and more likely to be male (pooled odds ratio [OR] 1.95, 95% CI 1.55–2.45, p < 0.001), with diabetes (pooled OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.95–3.54, p < 0.001), hypercholesterolaemia (pooled OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.33–3.93, p < 0.01) and hypertension (pooled OR 3.89, 95% CI 2.26–6.70, p < 0.001), but not higher body mass index or smoking. Non-gated CT assessment of CAC had excellent agreement with electrocardiogram-gated CT (pooled correlation coefficient 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–0.98, p < 0.001). In 51,582 patients, followed-up for 51.6 ± 27.4 months, patients with CAC had increased all cause mortality (pooled relative risk [RR] 2.13, 95% CI 1.57–2.90, p = 0.004) and major adverse cardiovascular events (pooled RR 2.91, 95% CI 2.26–3.93, p < 0.001). When CAC was present on CT, it was reported in between 18.6% and 93% of reports.

Conclusion

CAC is a common, but underreported, finding on non-gated CT with important prognostic implications.

Clinical relevance statement

Coronary artery calcium is an important prognostic indicator of cardiovascular disease. It can be assessed on non-gated thoracic CT and is a commonly underreported finding. This represents a significant population where there is a potential missed opportunity for lifestyle modification recommendations and preventative therapies. This study aims to highlight the importance of reporting incidental coronary artery calcium on non-gated thoracic CT.

Key Points

• Coronary artery calcification is a common finding on non-gated thoracic CT and can be reliably identified compared to gated-CT.

• Coronary artery calcification on thoracic CT is associated with an increased risk of all cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascsular events.

• Coronary artery calcification is frequently not reported on non-gated thoracic CT.
Decoupled Boundary Handling in SPH
Authors: Akhunov Rustam , Kolb Andreas
Published: December 2023

Particle-based boundary representations are frequently used in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) due to their simple integration into fluid solvers. Commonly, incompressible fluid solvers estimate the current density and corresponding forces in case the current density exceeds the rest density to push fluid particles apart. Close to the boundary, the calculation of the fluid particles’ density involves both neighboring fluid and neighboring boundary particles, yielding an overestimation of density, and, subsequently, wrong pressure forces and wrong velocities leading to the disturbed fluid particles’ behavior in the vicinity of the boundary. In this paper, we present a detailed explanation of this disturbed fluid particle behavior, which is mainly due to the combined or coupled handling of the fluid–fluid particle and the fluid–boundary particle interaction. We propose the decoupled handling of both interaction types, leading to two densities for a given fluid particle, i.e., fluid-induced density and boundary-induced density. In our approach, we alternately apply the corresponding fluid-induced and boundary-induced forces during pressure estimation. This separation avoids force overestimation and reduces unintended fluid dynamics near the boundary, as well as a inconsistent fluid–boundary distance across different fluid amounts and different particle-based boundary handling methods. We compare our method with two regular state-of-the-art methods in different experiments and show how our method handles detailed boundary shapes.
CMIP6 precipitation and temperature projections for Chile
Authors: Salazar Álvaro , Thatcher Marcus , Goubanova Katerina , Bernal Patricio , Gutiérrez Julio , Squeo Francisco
Published: December 2023

Precipitation and near-surface temperature from an ensemble of 36 new state‐of‐the‐art climate models under the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) are evaluated over Chile’s climate. The analysis is focused on four distinct climatic subregions: Northern Chile, Central Chile, Northern Patagonia, and Southern Patagonia. Over each of the subregions, first, we evaluate the performance of individual global climate models (GCMs) against a suit of precipitation and temperature observation-based gridded datasets over the historical period (1986–2014) and then we analyze the models’ projections for the end of the century (2080–2099) for four different shared socioeconomic pathways scenarios (SSP). Although the models are characterized by general wet and warm mean bias, they reproduce realistically the main spatiotemporal climatic variability over different subregions. However, none of the models is best across all subregions for both precipitation and temperature. Moreover, among the best performing models defined based on the Taylor skill score, one finds the so-called “hot models” likely exhibiting an overestimated climate sensitivity, which suggests caution in using these models for accessing future climate change in Chile. We found robust (90% of models agree in the direction of change) projected end-of-the-century reductions in mean annual precipitation for Central Chile (~ − 20 to ~ − 40%) and Northern Patagonia (~ − 10 to ~ − 30%) under scenario SSP585, but changes are strong from scenario SSP245 onwards, where precipitation is reduced by 10–20%. Northern Chile and Southern Patagonia show non-robust changes in precipitation across the models. Yet, future near-surface temperature warming presented high inter-model agreement across subregions, where the greatest increments occurred along the Andes Mountains. Northern Chile displays the strongest increment of up to ~ 6 °C in SSP585, followed by Central Chile (up to ~ 5 °C). Both Northern and Southern Patagonia show a corresponding increment by up to ~ 4 °C. We also briefly discuss about the environmental and socio-economic implications of these future changes for Chile.
Periacetabular osteotomy for symptomatic hip dysplasia in middle aged patients: does age alone matter?
Authors: Leopold Vincent J. , Hipfl Christian , Perka Carsten , Hardt Sebastian , Becker Luis
Published: December 2023

Background

Conflicting evidence exists regarding outcomes in middle-aged patients undergoing periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) for symptomatic developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Aims

To compare patient reported outcomes (PROMs) of middle-aged PAO patients with younger patient groups.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of PAO patients between 01/2015 and 06/2017 at a single orthopedic university center with a primary diagnosis of symptomatic DDH. The cohort was divided into four age groups and compared: < 20, 20–30, 30–40 and > 40 years. Joint function was assessed using iHOT-12, mHHS and SHV. Activity level was assessed using UCLA Activity score. Patient satisfaction and pain were assessed on the numerical rating scale 0–10. Conversion rates to THA were assessed.

Results

Out of 202 PAOs, 120 cases with complete data were included. Mean follow-up was 63 months (range 47–81 months). Eighteen patients were < 20 years old, 54 were 20–30 years, 37 were 30–40 years, 11 patients were older than 40. No significant differences were observed for preoperative or postoperative iHOT-12 (p = 0.898; p = 0.087), mHHS (p = 0.878; p = 0.103), SHV (p = 0.602; p = 0.352) or UCLA (p = 0.539; p = 0.978) between groups. Improvement deltas were also not significantly different for all PROMs. Postoperative patient satisfaction was similar between groups (p = 0.783).

Conclusion

Patients with symptomatic DDH may benefit from PAO even at middle age with similar outcomes and pre- to postoperative improvements as younger age groups. Indication should be based on biological age and preoperative joint condition rather than age.