bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BrainPath Tubular Retractor System for Subcortical Hemorrhagic Vascular Lesions: A Case Series of Technique and Outcomes
Authors: Verhey Leonard H. , Restrepo Orozco Andres , Abouelleil Mohamed , Mazaris Paul , Madura Casey J. , Bercu Michael , Singer Justin A.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Hemorrhagic subcortical vascular lesions such as cavernous malformations (CM) and arteriovenous malformations (AVM) can be neurologically devastating. Conventional open surgical resection is often associated with additional morbidity. The BrainPath® (NICO Corp.) transsulcal tubular retractor system offers a less-invasive corridor to deep-seated lesions. Our objective was to describe a single-center experience with the resection of subcortical hemorrhagic vascular lesions in adult and pediatric patients using the BrainPath® system.

METHODS:

The departmental database was queried for patients who underwent resection of a hemorrhagic CM, AVM, or cerebral aneurysm through the BrainPath® tubular retractor system between January 2017 and September 2021. All patients underwent either postoperative MRI (for patients with CM) or digital subtraction angiography (for patients with AVM or aneurysm). Demographic and clinical characteristics, preoperative and postoperative imaging features, operative details, and surgical and clinical outcomes were extracted through a retrospective review of the medical records.

RESULTS:

Fourteen patients (mean [SD] age 32.3 [23.9] years; 7 (50%) female) underwent BrainPath®-based resection of a deeply seated CM (n = 7), AVM (n = 6), or ruptured cerebral aneurysm (n = 1). The mean maximal lesion diameter was 21.5 (12.6) mm. The mean operative time was 134 (53) minutes. Residual lesion was present in 2 patients, both of which underwent repeat BrainPath®-assisted surgery for complete resection. All lesions were completely resected or obliterated on postoperative MRI or digital subtraction angiography. At a mean follow-up of 4.1 (1.1) years, the median modified Rankin Scale score was 1 (range 0-6).

CONCLUSION:

In a well-selected cohort, we show the effective use of BrainPath® tubular retractors for resection or obliteration of subcortical hemorrhagic vascular lesions. This report further exemplifies the expanded role of the endoport system beyond that of intracerebral hemorrhage and tumor. Further study will elucidate the impact of this less-invasive brain retraction technique on clinical outcome in patients with vascular lesions.
Introducción
Authors: Páez Rojas Paola
Published: November 2024

En esta ocasión, se presentan capítulos con problemáticas variadas y aproximaciones metodológicas diversas. En el primer capítulo se presenta un modelo de evaluación de un posgrado en salud no clínico con énfasis en el mejoramiento de los procesos, particularmente los evaluativos programáticos. En el segundo capítulo se muestra el diseño e implementación del modelo cipp (contexto, insumo, proceso y producto) en una rotación clínica (internado quirúrgico) y en el tercer capítulo se lleva a cabo también el diseño e implementación de CIPP, pero en una rotación clínica de posgrado (neonatología).
Aprendizaje basado en la discusión de casos clínicos
Authors: Bernal Lopera Catalina , Prieto Saldarriaga Carolina , Pinto Peñaranda Luis Fernando
Published: November 2024

Para realizar el abordaje del tema, en el presente capítulo se presenta una completa revisión bibliográfica sobre los conceptos generales, su sustento en las diversas teorías del aprendizaje y el inicio de su uso en las áreas de la salud. En el marco de la investigación, se realizó una observación directa de la actividad usando una lista de chequeo, se encuestaron estudiantes y profesores y finalmente se construyó una tabla donde se destacan los factores que promueven o entorpecen el aprendizaje en relación con la DCC.
Evaluación programática en la práctica clínica: módulo de perfusión y circulación pediátrica
Authors: Pérez Rodríguez Angie Paola , Rodríguez López Erika Esmeralda
Published: November 2024

El programa de perfusión y circulación está dirigido a profesionales de enfermería que trabajan en el área cardiovascular y el plan de estudios está diseñado para tres semestres. En este microproyecto se hará el análisis de las herramientas de evaluación del módulo del tercer semestre de circulación extracorpórea pediátrica en el escenario de práctica clínica, que cuenta con 12 créditos y un total de 576 horas. Este módulo busca que el estudiante aplique los conocimientos adquiridos en los módulos anteriores para los procesos prácticos y técnicos en la preparación, conducción y destete de la circulación extracorpórea (CEC) de los pacientes pediátricos y además se espera que aplique técnicas específicas para la perfusión de pacientes neonatos, infantes y pediátricos.
Estrategias de alineación curricular para el pregrado de Medicina
Authors: López-Barón Eliana
Published: November 2024

Este proyecto busca plantear estrategias que disminuyan esa brecha curricular.
Calidad educativa del entretenimiento en reanimación neonatal de la especialidad en Pediatría
Authors: Castellanos Reyes María Juliana , López Mora Jorge Esteban , Arias Andrade Mónica Viviana
Published: November 2024

Esta investigación se realizó en una universidad de la ciudad de Bogotá, con instructores certificados. Para ello, se llevó a cabo la revisión del proceso evaluativo del estudiante de pediatría para analizar el proceso formativo que se cumple para la adquisición y manejo de las competencias específicas en reanimación neonatal.
¿Qué son los módulos de educación interprofesional (MEIP)?
Authors: Vergel John , Molina Béjar Rocío Stella
Published: November 2024

En esta sección se presentan los marcos epistemológicos del proyecto MEIP en salud, en particular, el funcionalismo estructural y la sociología del conflicto. En la primera parte, John Vergel escribió el marco epistemológico en primera persona para ponerle énfasis al estilo narrativo del capítulo y, en la segunda, Rocío Molina describe los resultados de aprendizaje, así como las competencias y los mecanismos de evaluación a partir de lineamientos globales en educación superior.
Perspectivas sobre la educación interprofesional (EIP) en el territorio
Authors: Quintero-Hernández Gustavo A. , Alvarado Sánchez Ricardo
Published: November 2024

Este capítulo presenta el Programa de EIP en Territorio, que tiene como escenario el municipio de La Vega, Cundinamarca, bajo una estrategia de atención primaria orientada a la comunidad (APOC), y que se consolidó como el nivel 4 de la iniciativa de EIP de la EMCS, Universidad del Rosario.
Code and Data Repository for On Interdicting Dense Clusters in a Network
Authors: Zhong Haonan , Pajouh Foad Mahdavi , Butenko Sergiy , Prokopyev Oleg A.
Published: November 2024

Source codes and data set used in “On interdicting dense clusters in a network” paper. Data set contains 20 randomly-generated networks and 38 real-life networks. Each file contains 1+X+Y lines, where X and Y are the number of vertices and the number of edges in the network, respectively. It starts with two numbers indicating the number of vertices X and the number of edges Y. Then, it follows with X lines of two numbers. Note that we do not assign indices to the vertices. The index of a vertex is the same as the line number it appears on. The first number in each line is the weight of a vertex and the second number is its blocking cost. The last Y lines contain three numbers. The first and second numbers in each line are the head and the tail of an edge. Note that the edges are undirected. The third number is the blocking cost of an edge.
Review of the endemic New Zealand genus Halteriphorus Parent (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) with description of a new species
Authors: CAPELLARI RENATO SOARES , DO CARMO CÂNDIDO MARIA CLARA
Published: November 2024

The type species of the previously monotypic genus Halteriphorus Parent, 1933 (Diptera, Dolichopodidae, Neurigoninae), H. mirabilis Parent, is redescribed. A second species, also from New Zealand, H. thorpei sp. nov., is described. Photos of habitus, illustrations of male and female terminalia, a distribution map of the species and an amended diagnosis for the genus are provided.
DOES SHAPE SYMMETRY EXIST IN THE LUNATE BONE? TOWARDS DEVELOPMENT OF A PATIENT-SPECIFIC LUNATE IMPLANT
Authors: Tümer N. , Stok J. V. D. , Lima R. , Blom I. , Kraan G.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Kienböck's disease is generally defined as the collapse of the lunate bone, and this may lead to early wrist osteoarthritis. Replacing the collapsed lunate with an implant has regained renewed interest with the advancing technology of additive manufacturing, enabling the design of patient-specific implants. The aims of this project are (1) to determine how accurate it is to use the contralateral lunate shape as a template for patient-specific lunate implants, and (2) to study the effects of shape variations wrist kinematics using 4D-computed tomography (CT) scanning.

Methods

A 3D statistical shape model (SSM) of the lunate was built based on bilateral CT scans of 54 individuals. Using SMM, shape variations of the lunate were identified and the intra- and inter-subject shape variations were compared by performing an intraclass correlation analysis. A radiolucent motor-controlled wrist-holder was designed to guide flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation of ex vivo wrist specimens under 4D-CT scanning. In this pilot, three shape mode variations were tested per specimen in two specimens were. After post-processing each CT, the scapholunate angle (SLA) and capitolunate angle (CLA) were measured.

Results

The shape of the lunate was not symmetrical, defined as exceeding the intra-subject variation in five different shape modes. The FE tests show a generalized increase in scapholunate and capitolunate angle when using lunate implants, and comparing variation of shape modes showed that shape mode 3 has a significant effect on the measured angles (p<0.05).

Discussion

The design of patient-specific lunate implants may prove to be challenging using a ‘mirror’-design as it will lead to a degree of shape asymmetry. The pilot study, to determine the effects of those shape variations on wrist kinematics suggest that the degree of shape variation observed indeed may alter the wrist kinematics, although this needs to be further investigated in study using more specimens.
UNRAVELING OSTEOARTHRITIC REMODELLING: MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE -2,-3,-7 AT THE CORE OF PERICELLULAR MATRIX PROTEOLYSIS
Authors: Danalache M. , Umrath F. , Riester R. , Schwitalle M. , Guilak F. , Hofmann U. K.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Chondrocytes are enveloped within the pericellular matrix (PCM), a structurally intricate network primarily demarcated by the presence of collagen type VI microfibrils and perlecan, resembling a protective cocoon. The PCM serves pivotal functions in facilitating cell mechanoprotection and mechanotransduction. The progression of osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with alterations in the spatial arrangement of chondrocytes, transitioning from single strings to double strings, small clusters, and eventually coalescing into large clusters in advanced OA stages. Changes in cellular patters coincide with structural degradation of the PCM and loss of biomechanical properties. Here, we systematically studied matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), their distribution, activity, and involvement in PCM destruction, utilizing chondrocyte arrangement as an OA biomarker.

Methods

Cartilage specimens were obtained from 149 osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and selected based on the predominant spatial pattern of chondrocytes. Immunoassays were employed to screen for the presence of various MMPs (-1, -2, -3, -7, -8, -9, -10, -12, -13). Subsequently, the presence and activity of elevated MMPs were further investigated through immunolabeling, western blots and zymograms. Enzymatic assays were utilized to demonstrate the direct involvement of the targeted MMPs in the PCM destruction.

Results

Screening revealed increased levels of MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, and -13, with their expression profile demonstrating a distinct dependency on the stage of degeneration. We found that MMP-2 and -3 can directly compromise the integrity of collagen type VI, whereas MMP-3 and MMP-7 disrupt perlecan.

Conclusions

Presence of both pro- and active forms of MMP-2, -3, and -7 in OA-induced patterns, along with their direct involvement in collagen type VI and perlecan degradation, underscores their crucial role in early PCM destruction. Given the early stages of the disease already exhibit heightened MMP expression, this understanding could inform early targeted therapies aimed at arresting abnormal PCM remodelling.

Acknowledgments

Faculty of Medicine of the University of Tübingen (grant: 2650-0-0).
DOES A NOVEL INTRAOPERATIVE NAVIGATION PLATFORM ALLOW TO RETAIN NATIVE KNEE FUNCTION FOLLOWING TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY?
Authors: Taylan O. , Louwagie T. , Bialy M. , Peersman G. , Scheys L.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel intraoperative navigation platform for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in restoring native knee joint kinematics and strains in the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) during squatting motions.

Method

Six cadaver lower limbs underwent computed tomography scans to design patient-specific guides. Using these scans, bony landmarks and virtual single-line collateral ligaments were identified to provide intraoperative real-time feedback, aided in bone resection, implant alignment, tibiofemoral kinematics, and collateral ligament elongations, using the navigation platform. The specimens were subjected to squatting (35°-100°) motions on a physiological ex vivo knee simulator, maintaining a constant 110N vertical ankle load regulated by active quadriceps and bilateral hamstring actuators. Subsequently, each knee underwent a medially-stabilized TKA using the mechanical alignment technique, followed by a retest under the same conditions used preoperatively. Using a dedicated wand, MCL and LCL insertions—anterior, middle, and posterior bundles—were identified in relation to bone-pin markers. The knee kinematics and collateral ligament strains were analyzed from 3D marker trajectories captured by a six-camera optical system.

Result

Both native and TKA conditions demonstrated similar patterns in tibial valgus orientation (Root Mean Square Error (RMSE=1.7°), patellar flexion (RMSE=1.2°), abduction (RMSE=0.5°), and rotation (RMSE=0.4°) during squatting (p>0.13). However, a significant difference was found in tibial internal rotation between 35° and 61° (p<0.045, RMSE=3.3°). MCL strains in anterior (RMSE=1.5%), middle (RMSE=0.8%), and posterior (RMSE=0.8%) bundles closely matched in both conditions, showing no statistical differences (p>0.05). Conversely, LCL strain across all bundles (RMSE<4.6%) exhibited significant differences from mid to deep flexion (p<0.048).

Conclusion

The novel intraoperative navigation platform not only aims to achieve planned knee alignment but also assists in restoring native knee kinematics and collateral ligament behavior through real-time feedback.

Acknowledgment

This study was funded by Medacta International (Castel San Pietro, Switzerland).
ASSESSMENT OF A NOVEL DYNAMIC HIGH-STRENGTH SUTURE TAPE IN DISTAL TRICEPS TENDON REPAIR: A BIOMECHANICAL COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Zderic I. , Kraus M. , Axente B. , Dhillon M. , Puls L. , Gueorguiev B. , Richards G. , Pape H. C. , Pastor T. , Pastor T.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Distal triceps tendon rupture is related to high complication rates with up to 25% failures. Elbow stiffness is another severe complication, as the traditional approach considers prolonged immobilization to ensure tendon healing. Recently a dynamic high-strength suture tape was designed, implementing a silicone-infused core for braid shortening and preventing repair elongation during mobilization, thus maintaining constant tissue approximation. The aim of this study was to biomechanically compare the novel dynamic tape versus a conventional high-strength suture tape in a human cadaveric distal triceps tendon rupture repair model.

Method

Sixteen paired arms from eight donors were used. Distal triceps tendon rupture tenotomies and repairs were performed via the crossed transosseous locking Krackow stitch technique for anatomic footprint repair using either conventional suture tape (ST) or novel dynamic tape (DT). A postoperative protocol mimicking intense early rehabilitation was simulated, by a 9-day, 300-cycle daily mobilization under 120N pulling force followed by a final destructive test.

Result

Significant differences were identified between the groups regarding the temporal progression of the displacement in the distal, intermediate, and proximal tendon aspects, p<0.001. DT demonstrated significantly less displacement compared to ST (4.6±1.2mm versus 7.8±2.1mm) and higher load to failure (637±113N versus 341±230N), p≤0.037. DT retracted 0.95±1.95mm after each 24-hour rest period and withstood the whole cyclic loading sequence without failure. In contrast, ST failed early in three specimens.

Conclusion

From a biomechanical perspective, DT revealed lower tendon displacement and greater resistance in load to failure over ST during simulated daily mobilization, suggesting its potential for earlier elbow mobilization and prevention of postoperative elbow stiffness.
BIOMECHANICAL EVALUATION OF DOUBLE-STRANDED KNOT CONFIGURATIONS IN HIGH-STRENGTH SUTURES AND TAPES: HOW MANY KNOTS ARE NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE KNOT SECURITY?
Authors: Dhillon M. , Pastor T. , Zderic I. , Pastor T. , Gueorguiev B.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Recently, a new dynamic high-strength round suture dynacord (DC) was introduced featuring a salt-infused silicone core attracting water in a fluid environment to preserve tissue approximation which is also available in tape form (DT). Study aims: (1) assess the influence of securing knot number on knot security of two double-stranded knot configurations (Cow-hitch and Nice-knot) tied with either dynamic (DC and DT) or conventional round sutures fiberwire (FW) and conventional suture tapes (ST), (2) compare the ultimate force and knot slippage of (a) Cow-hitch and Nice-knot and (b) DC and DT versus FW and FT at their minimal number of needed securing knots.

Method

Seven specimens of each FW, ST, DC and DT were considered for tying with Cow-hitch or Nice-knots. The base of these Cow-hitch and Nice-knots were secured with surgeons’ knots using 1-3 alternating throws. Tensile tests were conducted under physiologic conditions to evaluate knot slippage, ultimate force at rupture, and minimum number of knots ensuring 100% knot security

Result

100% knot security for both Cow-hitch and Nice-knots was achieved with 2 securing knots for DC, DT, ST, and with 3 securing knots for FW. With these minimum number of securing knots ultimate force was significantly higher for Nice-knots versus Cow-hitch in DT (p=0.001) and slippage was significantly higher in Cow-hitch versus Nice-knot tied with DC (p=0.019).

Conclusion

The minimum number of securing knots required to achieve 100% knot security was 2 for DC, DT and ST both with Cow-hitch and Nice-knots. In contrast, 3 securing knots were needed in FW. With these minimum number of securing knots Nice-knots were associated with higher ultimate forces in DT and lower slippage in DC versus Cow-hitch knots. Furthermore, the novel self-tightening suture material (DT and DC) does not reduce slippage, which is unavoidable in all used sutures.
USE OF BIOABSORBABLE NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURES
Authors: Savaş S. , Konya M. , Yılmaz B. K. , Kağa S. , Kağa E. , Demirel H. H.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The Achilles tendon is the thickest and strongest tendon in the human body. Even though the tendon is so strong, it is one of the most frequently injured tendons. Treatment of patients after rupture is planned conservatively and surgically. Conservative treatment is generally applied to elderly patients with sedentary lives. If the treatment is surgical, it can be planned as open surgery or percutaneous surgery. In our study with rabbits, we wrapped a membrane made of plga (polylactic-co-glycolic acid) nanotubes impregnated with type 1 collagen around the tendon in rabbits that underwent open Achilles tendon repair surgery. After surgery, biomechanical and histological tests were performed on the tendons.

Method

In the study consisting of 24 rabbits, 2 groups were created by random distribution. In the study group, after the Achilles tendon rupture was created, a type 1 collagen-impregnated plga-based membrane was placed around the tendon after the repair of 1 modified Kesslerr suture. In the control group, after the Achilles tendon rupture was created, 1 modified Kessler suture and Tendon repair was performed with the application of 3 primary sutures. At the end of the 6th week of the study, the rabbits in 2 groups were randomly distributed and histological examination was performed. Additionally, biomechanical testing was performed. Bonar and Movın scoring were used in histological examinations.

Result

As a result of biomechanical tests, it was seen that the resistance of the tendon against rupture was higher in the study group than in the control group. In addition, it was observed that the tendon rupture time was longer in the study group than in the control group. Histological examinations gave supportive results from biomechanical tests.

Conclusion

We think that the use of collagen-impregnated plga-based nanotubes in the surgical treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures has a positive healing effect. Although we think that the return to normal life after surgery may be faster, we believe that more clinical studies are needed.
Validating the Hunger Vital SignTM and USDA Food Insufficiency Tools Against the HFSS-10 Measure in a New York City Population Survey
Authors: Shaheen Tanzia , Liu Yuqing , Crossa Aldo
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Introduction. Hunger Vital SignTM (HVS) and Food Insufficiency Tool (FIT) are two screeners of food insecurity that have not been extensively researched against the well-known 10-item Household Food Security Survey (HFSS-10) Module in large population settings such as New York City (NYC). Methods. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of the HVS compared with the HFSS-10-based food-insecurity measure and of the FIT compared with the very low food security category of the HFSS-10 using data from the June 2022 New York City Health Panel food access survey. Results. Overall, the HVS had a sensitivity of 98.1% and a specificity of 72.1%. The FIT had a sensitivity of 53.8% and a specificity of 94.5%. Specificity varied for the HVS while sensitivity varied for the FIT when stratified by sociodemographic subgroups. Conclusion. The HVS captured people experiencing or at risk of experiencing food insecurity. The FIT underestimated the prevalence of people experiencing very low food security. These screeners may be measuring different constructs of food insecurity.
Nutrition Insecurity, Chronic Disease, and Dietary Habits Explain Low Perceptions of Self-Rated Health
Authors: Thomson Jessica L , Landry Alicia S , Walls Tameka I
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Self-rated health (SRH), an indicator of overall health status, has been associated with morbidity and mortality. Yet links between SRH and nutrition are lacking, especially in conjunction with other characteristics affecting SRH. Therefore, the study objective was to identify significant sociodemographic/socioeconomic, chronic disease, dietary habits, and food environment explanatory variables for perceptions of self-rated health (SRH). Data were collected in 2021 and consisted of households at risk of or experiencing food insecurity. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify significant explanatory variables for SRH. Of the 54% of participants with low SRH, 43% had nutrition insecurity and 66% had one or more chronic disease. For participants with high SRH, 25% had nutrition insecurity and 32% had one or more chronic disease. Household income, fruit and vegetable intake, and scratch-cooked meals consumption were protective against low SRH (5%–16% decrease in odds). Participants with low SRH were 1.8 and 4.3 times as likely to have nutrition insecurity and one or more chronic disease, respectively than participants with high SRH. Perceptions of one's health are positively associated with healthful dietary habits and negatively associated with nutrition insecurity and presence of chronic disease.
Caregiver Perspectives on Pediatric Primary Care Clinic-Based Food and Nutrition Assistance Programs
Authors: Vasan Aditi , Negro DanaRose , Yazdani Mishaal , Benitez Lindsay , Benitez Lindsay , Kenyon Chén C. , Fiks Alexander G.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Many pediatric primary care clinics provide food resources to support their patients' health and well-being. We aimed to explore families' perspectives regarding clinic-based food resources through interviews with caregivers of pediatric patients at two academic primary care clinics. We interviewed 40 caregivers, who were mostly mothers (90%) and Black (88%). We identified five themes: (1) food resources should be offered as a routine part of every clinic visit; (2) clinics should provide accurate, updated information about community-based resources; (3) caregivers appreciated prepared meals as a way to meet acute food needs; (4) caregivers felt food deliveries were convenient, particularly for families with transportation barriers; and (5) caregivers appreciated connection to government nutrition benefit programs as a source of long-term support. Clinics should consider working with community-based organizations to provide different types of food resources, including accurate information about food banks, prepared meals, food delivery, and assistance enrolling in benefit programs.
Minoritized Student Identities and Food Insecurity: Associations with Financial Stress, Academic Satisfaction, and Mental Health
Authors: Gorman Kathleen S. , Charvis Jodi Sutherland
Published: November 2024

Abstract: College student food insecurity represents a growing public health concern, and students with minoritized identities (e.g., students who belong to racial/ethnic minority groups and students with a non-heterosexual sexual orientation) are at elevated risk. In this study, 1,093 students completed a survey assessing their food security status, financial stress, academic satisfaction, and mental health. Twenty-seven percent of students reported experiencing food insecurity. Students who reported minoritized racial/ethnic or sexual orientation identities were significantly more likely to report increased financial stress, lower academic satisfaction, higher rates of food insecurity, and worse mental health than students identifying as White and/or straight. Regression analyses revealed that minoritized sexual orientation, and to a lesser degree, minoritized racial/ethnic identity contributed to adverse outcomes of financial stress, academic satisfaction, and mental health above and beyond food security status. The results indicate a need for interventions to consider the unique characteristics of students with minoritized identities to promote improved academic and mental health outcomes.
Empowering Youth in Food Security: A Case Study of a Youth-Led Food Pantry in Baltimore
Authors: Harper Kaitlyn , Tynes Ka'Mya , McClain Don
Published: November 2024

Summary: This report reflects on two years of implementation of a youth-led, youth-run online food pantry serving youth ages 12–24 in Baltimore, Maryland. We describe the inception of the pantry and share descriptive statistics and qualitative quotations that demonstrate how the pantry helped overcome common barriers to youth food acquisition.
Evaluation of an Indigenous Produce Box Program: Food Access and Nutrition in an Urban American Indian/Alaska Native Community
Authors: Keshen Rivka , Riggs Chantal , Vaidya Nainika , Maudrie Tara L. , Johnson Moriah , Stately Antony , Apencha Faith , Mehta Anjali , Siebach Kirsten
Published: November 2024

Summary: Food insecurity and access to healthy nutritious foods are ongoing issues for urban Indigenous communities across the United States. This manuscript describes a qualitative evaluation of a produce box program implemented by the Native American Community Clinic in Minneapolis and provides recommendations for sustainability of the program in the future.
Quantum cascade superluminescent light emitting diodes with dual tilted waveguide structure
Authors: Yang Jinghang , Yan Changling , Pang Chao
Published: November 2024

We present a novel dual tilted waveguide structure for superluminescent light emitting diodes (SLEDs), which consists of two tilted waveguides and a semi-annular waveguide. The novel waveguide structure utilizes a tilted mirror and a non-closed whispering gallery mode to suppress F-P resonance. Furthermore, based on the material characteristics of the InGaAs/InAlAs quantum cascades (QC), we investigate the effects of the parameters of the dual tilted waveguide structure on the optical properties, such as waveguide width, tilted angle, span to depth ratio, and heat dissipation spacing. We theoretically obtain a device with low reflectivity, low optical loss and, good heat dissipation effect. Finally, we demonstrate the output characteristics of the device by simulation, and the results show that the novel waveguide structure can realize the output of one-side superluminescence light. The central wavelength of the device is ~10 μm, and the spectrum of the full-width half-maximum is ~2 THz. The device has directional output properties, with a parallel far-field divergence angle of ~37.5°. This novel dual tilted waveguide structure shows great potential in achieving high power and wide spectral output of SLED.
Captains vs. All-Stars: Who makes better leaders?
Authors: Kocsoy Alperen
Published: November 2024

This study explores the impact of formally assigned leaders (team captains) and informal leaders (all-stars) on their teammates’ productivity in basketball. It uses in-game injuries as random shocks to examine how the unexpected absence of leaders affects team and individual performance. The research employs a staggered difference-in-differences estimation, to study peer effects in high-stakes team environments. The key finding is that only players who are both formal and informal leaders have spillover effects on their teammates’ performance. The findings could extend to team management practices across various industries, providing insights into effective team composition and leader selection.
Riddelline from Tamarix articulate as a potential anti-bacterial lead compound for novel antibiotics discovery: A comprehensive computational and toxicological studies
Authors: Alnuqaydan Abdullah M.
Published: November 2024

Tamarix articulate from the Tamaricaece family is a halophytic plant. This plant is commonly called Athal or Tamarix in different Arabic and Asian countries. Due to the high load of polyphenolic phytochemicals, the plant has been used as a therapeutic option against several diseases for decades. The plant is an anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory. In this work, the 222 phytochemical compounds of T. articulate from our previous study are used in different bioinformatic and biophysics techniques to explore their biological potency against different anti-bacterial, anti-cancer and anti-viral targets. By doing so, it was found that Riddelline ranked as the best binding molecule of biological macromolecules selected herein in particular the bacterial targets. The binding energy value of the compound for the KdsA enzyme was -14.64 kcal/mol, KdsB (-13.09 kcal/mol), MurC (-13.67 kcal/mol), MurD (-13.54 kcal/mol), MurF (-14.20 kcal/mol), Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) (-12.34 kcal/mol), Bcl-2 protein (-13.39 kcal/mol), SARS-CoV-2 main protease enzyme (-12.67 kcal/mol), and Human T cell leukemia virus protease (-13.67 kcal/mol). The mean Rg value of KdsA-Riddelline complex and KdsA-FPE complex is 32.67 Å, and average RMSD of KdsA-Riddelline complex and KdsA-FPE complex is 2.31 Å, respectively. The binding energy complexes was found to be dominated by van der Waals (-71.98 kcal/mol for KdsA-Riddelline complex and -65.09 kcal/mol for KdsA-FPE complex). The lead compound was also unveiled to show favorable druglike properties and pharmacokinetics. Together, the data suggest the good anti-bacterial activities of the T. articulate phytochemicals and thus can be subjected to experimental in vitro and in vivo investigations.
Exploring ADHD understanding and stigma: Insights from an online survey in Lebanon
Authors: Younes Samar , Hajj Aline , Sacre Hala , Mourad Nisreen , Akel Marwan , Haddad Chadia , Sakr Fouad , Zeenny Rony M. , Salameh Pascale
Published: November 2024

Background

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Public knowledge of ADHD plays a crucial role in shaping attitudes, reducing stigma, and fostering a supportive environment for individuals with this disease. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and stigma of the general Lebanese population regarding ADHD and identify potential factors associated with these variables.

Methods

An online cross-sectional study was conducted between July and August 2023 among adults from all Lebanese regions. The questionnaire was self-administered, available in Arabic and English, and included a sociodemographic section and the validated tools Knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorders Scale (KADDS) and the ADHD Stigma Questionnaire (ASQ).

Results

A total of 647 participants were included. Most participants (n = 483 (74.7%)) lacked prior experience with individuals who have ADHD, and only 12.8% reported having good information about the condition. The participants had a mean knowledge score of 20.49 ±3.23 and a mean ADHD stigma score of 75.71 ±20.58. A significantly higher knowledge score was associated with a university level of education (B = 0.14, p < 0.001), older age (B = 0.14, p = 0.001), using the internet (B = 0.13, p = 0.001) and lecture (B = 0.09, p = 0.015) as a source of ADHD information, having a high monthly income (B = 0.13, p = 0.001), being female (B = 0.08, p = 0.030) and having a health coverage (B = 0.08, p = 0.025). Conversely, a lower knowledge was significantly associated with obtaining ADHD information from television (B = -0.13, p = 0.001) and family (B = -0.08, p = 0.043). A significantly lower score was associated with ever being diagnosed with ADHD (B = -0.18, p < 0.001), having an intermediate monthly income (B = -0.10, p = 0.005), and consuming alcohol (B = -0.11, p = 0.004), while a higher score was significantly associated with a higher KADDS total score (B = 0.12, p = 0.002) and being employed (B = 0.07, p = 0.044).

Conclusion

The present study addressed a gap in the existing literature by examining ADHD knowledge and stigma in the Lebanese population. Surprisingly, a positive correlation between higher ADHD knowledge and increased stigma challenges common assumptions, suggesting a complex relationship between knowledge, misconceptions, and societal attitudes. The findings emphasize the need for targeted education and advocacy to improve knowledge and alleviate misconceptions and stigma within the general population.
Rehabilitation and violence-related traumatic brain injury: A scoping review
Authors: Omar Samira , Estrella Maria Jennifer , Ahmad Muzna , Colantonio Angela , Babineau Jessica , Chan Vincy
Published: November 2024

Objectives

There is a dearth of reviews exploring rehabilitation for violence-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) despite its increasing rates and distinct risk factors and outcomes. The aim of this scoping review is to determine the extent to which rehabilitation is available to and accessed by people who sustain TBI from interpersonal violence.

Method

Electronic databases (i.e., MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Clinical Trials, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Criminal Justice Abstracts, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, and Proquest Nursing and Allied Health) and grey literature (i.e., relevant organizations’ websites) were systematically searched for peer-reviewed articles and reports that met eligibility criteria. To be included, articles had to report primary findings on rehabilitation interventions that included individuals who sustained a TBI through interpersonal violence. Articles based on the military population were excluded. Data were synthesized through a descriptive numerical summary and qualitative content analysis.

Results

Fifty-two primary research articles and five grey literature reports were included. Most (77.2%) of these articles described rehabilitation interventions that addressed TBI sequalae without consideration for violence as a mechanism of injury, beyond reporting sample characteristics. Only thirteen articles (22.4%) considered violence-related TBI by investigating the rehabilitation profile (13.8%) or designing programs specifically for survivors of violence-related TBI (8.6%). There was limited attention to social determinants of health across all studies.

Conclusion

This is the first scoping review to our knowledge that explored the extent and nature of rehabilitation among persons who experience TBI through violence in civilian populations. Priorities for education, research, and practice are identified.
Misperception of the facial appearance that the opposite-sex desires
Authors: Perrett David I. , Holzleitner Iris J. , Lei Xue
Published: November 2024

Thin and muscular have been characterised as body shape ideals for women and men, respectively, yet each sex misperceives what the other sex desires; women exaggerate the thinness that men like and men exaggerate the muscularity that women like. Body shape ideals align with stereotypic perceptions of femininity in women and masculinity in men. The present study investigates whether misperception of opposite-sex desires extends to femininity/masculinity in facial morphology. We used interactive 3D head models to represent faces varying in sexual dimorphism. White European heterosexual men and women were asked to choose their own and ideal face shape, the ideal shape of a short- and a long-term partner, and the face shape they thought the opposite sex would most like for a short- and a long-term partner. Women overestimated the facial femininity that men prefer in a partner and men overestimated the facial masculinity that women prefer in a partner. The discrepancy between own and ideal sexual dimorphism (an index of appearance dissatisfaction) covaried with by the misperception of what the opposite-sex desires. These results indicate misperception of opposite-sex facial preferences and that mistaken perceptions may contribute to dissatisfaction with own appearance.
GreenFruitDetector: Lightweight green fruit detector in orchard environment
Authors: Wang Jing , Shang Yu , Zheng Xiuling , Zhou Peng , Li Shiyue , Wang Huan
Published: November 2024

Detecting green fruits presents significant challenges due to their close resemblance in color to the leaves in an orchard environment. We designed GreenFruitDetector, a lightweight model based on an improved YOLO v8 architecture, specifically for green fruit detection. In the Backbone network, we replace ordinary convolution with Deformable Convolution to enhance the extraction of geometric features. Additionally, we designed MCAG-DC (Multi-path Coordinate Attention Guided Deformer Convolution) to replace the convolution in C2f, enhancing the Backbone’s feature extraction capability when encountering occlusion problems. For the Neck part of the algorithm, we designed a Fusion-neck structure that integrates spatial detail information from feature maps at different scales, thereby enhancing the network’s ability to extract multi-scale information. Additionally, we devised a new detection head that incorporates multi-scale information, significantly improving the detection of small and distant objects. Finally, we applied channel pruning techniques to reduce the model size, parameter count, and FLOPs to 50%, 55%, and 44% of the original, respectively. We trained and evaluated the improved model on three green fruit datasets. The accuracy of the improved model reached 94.5%, 84.4%, and 85.9% on the Korla Pear, Guava, and Green Apple datasets, respectively, representing improvements of 1.17%, 1.1%, and 1.77% over the baseline model. The mAP@0.5 increased by 0.72%, 6.5%, and 0.9%, respectively, and the recall rate increased by 1.97%, 1.1%, and 0.49%, respectively.
Prediction model and technical and tactical decision analysis of women’s badminton singles based on machine learning
Authors: Yuan Hanguang , Wang Yaodong , Yang Kairan , Bin Yulu
Published: November 2024

In the Paris Olympic cycle, South Korean women’s athlete An Se-young rose to the top of the 2023 BWF Olympic points with a win rate of 89.5%. With An Se-young as the subject, this paper aims to carry out technical and tactical analysis of women’s badminton singles and formulate a prediction model based on machine learning. Firstly, An’s technical and tactical statistics are analyzed and presented in a proposed "three-stage" data classification method. Secondly, we improve our “three-stage” machine learning dataset using video analysis of 10 matches (21 point games) where An Se-young faced off against four other players ranked in the top five of the World Badminton Federation (BWF) in week 44 of 2023. Finally, we establish a prediction model for the scoring and losing of points in the women’s badminton singles based on the ‘Decision tree’, ‘Random forest’, ‘XGBoost’, ‘Support vector’ and ‘K-proximity’ algorithms, and analyze the effectiveness of this model. The results show that the improved data classification is reasonable and can be used to predict the final score of a match. When the support vector machine uses the RBF function kernel, the accuracy reaches its highest at 87.5%, and the consistency of this prediction model is strong. An’s playstyle is sustained and unified; she does not seek continuous pressure, but rather exploits and maximizes her aggression following any mistake made by her opponents, immediately utilizing assault methods such as kills or dives, often resulting in the conversion of points during the subsequent 2–3 strikes.
Higher-order moments spillovers among energy, carbon and tourism markets: Time- and frequency-domain evidence
Authors: Gao Wang , Yang Shixiong
Published: November 2024

This paper uses the GJRSK model to estimate the high-order moments of energy (oil, natural gas, and coal), the carbon market, and tourism stocks. Then, it utilizes a novel TVP-VAR time-frequency connectedness approach to examine higher-order moments spillovers among them. The results show a strong connectedness among the three markets. The energy market is the emitter of volatility, skewness and kurtosis spillovers; tourism stock is the receiver; and the carbon market is the transmitter. From a time-domain perspective, the higher-order moments spillovers of the three markets are time-varying, especially during extreme periods, where the energy market’s spillover effects on tourism stocks are significantly enhanced, indicating that tourism stocks bear a greater risk at leptokurtosis and fat-tail moment. From a frequency-domain perspective, the long-term asymmetric spillovers of oil, natural gas, and tourism markets on the carbon market are more pronounced than the short-term. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the higher-moment spillovers of energy and tourism stocks on the carbon market. Meanwhile, the Russia-Ukraine conflict led to extreme risk transmission within the energy market. These findings have significant implications for cross-industry investors and green finance risk management.
Efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: A meta-analysis of controlled and single-arm trials
Authors: Du Shaokang , Sun Shiwei , Guo Fuyu , Liu Hongyao
Published: November 2024

Background

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevalent condition in urology, and studies on the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for this condition have been conducted; however, the evidence remains inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP in treating ED.

Methods

On May 17, 2024, a literature search was performed and evaluated using the Cochrane method. The primary outcome measured was the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score, while the secondary outcomes included Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) and peak systolic velocity (PSV).

Results

A total of 12 controlled trials involving 991 patients and 11 single-arm trials with 377 patients were analyzed. The findings revealed that compared to the control group, the PRP group demonstrated better outcomes in terms of the IIEF score and MCID (SMD = 0.59 (95% CI: [0.34, 0.84]; RR = 1.94 (95% CI: [1.33, 2.83]), In the single-arm trials, a significant improvement in IIEF scores was observed following PRP treatment (SMD = -0.99 95% CI: [-1.53, 0.46]).

Conclusion

PRP appears effective in treating erectile dysfunction, but further high-quality, large-sample trials with longer follow-up are needed to fully understand its effects.
Expression of SIGLEC15 correlates with tumor immune infiltration, molecular subtypes, and breast cancer progression
Authors: Lai Huan , Liu Yiyang , Gong Yan , Zong Chuanyu , Zeng Wei , Chen Honglei
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer (BRCA) is among the most prevalent cancers and is responsible for numerous patient fatalities. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach to cancer treatment. Recent studies have identified Siglec-15 as a novel immune target that plays a crucial role in tumor immune evasion, suggesting its potential significance in BRCA. We utilized databases such as TCGA to investigate the relevance of SIGLEC15 in BRCA. The expression of the Siglec-15 protein in 74 breast cancer patients was detected using immunohistochemistry, and its association with clinicopathological features and overall survival was evaluated. The co-expression of Siglec-15, CD68, CK, and CD8 in BRCA tissues was identified through multiplex immunofluorescence staining. Our study revealed that SIGLEC15 expression in BRCA was significantly elevated compared to adjacent normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis identified SIGLEC15 as a prognostic protective factor. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, SIGLEC15 could predict the luminal subtype of BRCA. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that SIGLEC15 involves various biological pathways, including immunity, metabolism, tumors, and infectious diseases. Correlation analysis revealed an association between SIGLEC15 expression and immune infiltration in BRCA. We also confirmed that the Siglec-15 protein is expressed in cancer cells, tumor-infiltrating T cells, and macrophages in BRCA tissues, significantly higher levels than in normal breast tissues. Consequently, SIGLEC15 correlates with tumor immune infiltration, molecular subtypes, and BRCA progression and prognosis. However, further research is required to elucidate the role of SIGLEC15 in breast cancer.