bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Hydroxyl OH Radical with Graphene Surface: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Tachikawa Hiroto , Iyama Tetsuji , Kawabata Hiroshi
Published: January 2013

The interaction of a hydroxyl OH radical with a graphene surface has been investigated by the density functional theory (DFT) method in order to elucidate the radical scavenge mechanism of the graphene surface. The DFT calculation showed that the OH radical binds directly to the carbon atom of the graphene surface and a strong C–O bond is formed. The binding energies were dependent on the cluster size and were distributed in the 4.1–9.5 kcal/mol range at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. The potential energy curve plotted as a function of the distance of OH from the surface carbon showed that the OH radical can bind to the carbon atom with a low activation barrier: the barrier heights for n = 7 and 14 were calculated to be 3.9 and 1.9 kcal/mol, respectively. Also, it was found that the structural change from sp2 to sp3-like hybridization occurs by the approach of the OH radical.
Scanning Electron Microscope Observation of Nano Carbon Materials with Imidazolium-Type Room Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Abe Shigeaki , Hyono Atsushi , Nakayama Katsutoshi , Takada Tomoya , Yonezawa Tetsu
Published: January 2013

A novel pre-treatment method for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation using room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) was used for several carbon nano materials. After the ILs pre-treatment, the quality of the SEM images obtained was almost the same as that obtained with conventional platinum/palladium (Pt/Pd) spattering pre-treatment. The highest resolution in this study was under 30 nm. This result means that the pre-treatment with IL can form ultrathin layer on the sample surface at several molecules level. Therefore, the ILs pre-treatment is a simple and easy tool for SEM observation of nano materials on insulating substrates.
Structural Change of Single-Crystalline Graphite under Plasma Irradiation
Authors: Saito Seiki , Ito Atsushi M. , Takayama Arimichi , Nakamura Hiroaki
Published: January 2013

Under bombardment of hydrogen plasmas whose thermal energies are higher than the binding energy of target material, the structure of the surface of single-crystalline graphite dynamically turns into hydrogenated amorphous carbon via the chemical and physical reactions of incident hydrogen atoms. This structural change affects the processes of retention, reflection, and sputtering, which is an interesting issue of plasma-surface-interaction. Therefore, to investigate the retention of incident hydrogen atoms and the structural change of the graphite under plasma irradiation, hydrogen injection into a single-crystalline graphite is performed by binary-collision-approximation-based (BCA) simulation and the hybrid simulation of BCA and molecular dynamics simulation. As a result, it is found that the channeling effect, which is an effect peculiar to the crystalline structure, gradually disappears because the target material becomes amorphous. In addition, the time evolution of the bonding states of the target material under plasma irradiation is also investigated.
Simple Synthesis of Platinum Nanoparticles by Plasma Sputtering in Water
Authors: Hu Xiulan , Takai Osamu , Saito Nagahiro
Published: January 2013

We applied a novel method of plasma sputtering in water for simple and fast preparation of carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles at atmospheric pressure from platinum wire electrodes without using any stabilizers, chemical reductant, plasma-generating gas, or salt solution in an open system. Upon plasma sputtering, special waveforms of voltage and current were obtained using a pulsed power supply. The obtained emission spectra clarified that platinum atoms were formed in the plasma region from the electrode surface owing to bombardment of the surface by highly energetic electrons and radicals derived from plasma. Thus, carbon-supported 2 nm and highly dispersed platinum nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by this fast and simple plasma sputtering method. Highly crystallized platinum nanoparticles show good electrocatalytic activity. This plasma sputtering technique has shown a potential application to the synthesis of other metal nanoparticles.
Development of High-Density Nitrogen Radical Source for Low Mosaicity and High Rate Growth of InGaN Films in Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Chen Shang , Kawai Yohjiro , Kondo Hiroki , Ishikawa Kenji , Takeda Keigo , Kano Hiroyuki , Sekine Makoto , Amano Hiroshi , Hori Masaru
Published: January 2013

A high-density radical source (HDRS) was developed by optimizing the antenna structure and introducing an external magnetic field to plasma. Nitrogen radical generation by the HDRS at a density of 2.3 ×1012 atoms cm-3, which was one order higher than that for the conventional radical source (CRS), was achieved. The HDRS- and CRS-assisted InGaN growth in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) was carried out. For the HDRS case, a diffraction peak in the X-ray rocking curve of the grown InGaN films showed a narrower peak, which width below 600 arcsec even with a high growth rate of 1.4 µm/h for InGaN. MBE with the assistance of HDRS has a great potential in the growth of nitride films with a lower mosaicity and a higher growth rate.
Reflective Liquid Crystal Polarization Rotator with Ultraviolet-Polymerizable Liquid Crystal Retardation Film
Authors: Honma Michinori , Okitsu Kazuma , Nose Toshiaki
Published: January 2013

We demonstrate a reflective liquid crystal (LC) polarization rotator with a UV-polymerizable LC retardation film inside an LC cell. The LC polarization rotator consists of two birefringence layers; one layer is a UV-polymerizable LC film that acts as a quarter-wave plate and the other is a nematic LC layer that acts as an electrically tunable retardation film. The polarization direction of the linearly polarized incident light is found to rotate in a sufficient angular range of 2π, depending on the retardation of the electrically tunable LC layer. Additionally, good polarization rotation properties are achieved for an arbitrary polarization direction of the incident light. The influence of the error of the retardation from the designed value on the polarization rotation properties is investigated in detail. The polarization rotation function is found to slightly deteriorate with an increase in the retardation error of the UV-polymerizable LC film, whereas the ellipticity of the output light is sensitively enhanced with an increase in the retardation error of the quarter-wavelength plate.
Coherent Coupling in High-Mesa Semiconductor Directional Coupler
Authors: Kamiya Hiroshi , Nagata Tomohiro , Ueyama Yuta , Makino Taro , Arakawa Taro , Kokubun Yasuo
Published: January 2013

The effect of coherent coupling on the performance of a directional coupler is investigated for the first time. Coherent coupling is the interference between a guided mode in a core layer and an unguided mode in a cladding layer (cladding mode) in a waveguide. It was experimentally confirmed that the cladding mode exists in an actual high-mesa semiconductor waveguide and it can be represented by a single propagation constant. The effect of coherent coupling on coupling loss and coupling efficiency in a directional coupler is analyzed using a new technique based on a matrix method. The analyzed results reveal that a small periodic oscillation of coupling loss of the transmitted light that depends on coupler length occurs owing to the coherent coupling in a strong-coupled directional coupler, and its effect should be considered when we minimize propagation loss in high-mesa semiconductor directional couplers. It is also shown that it is possible to design a directional coupler with both the desired coupling efficiency and low loss on the basis of the periodic oscillation of coupling loss.
Human breast milk sugars and polyols over the first 10 puerperium days
Authors: Jóźwik Maciej , Jóźwik Marcin , Teng Cecilia , Jóźwik Michał , Battaglia Frederick C.
Published: January 2013

Objective

The transition from colostrum to mature breast milk during early puerperium is associated with significant concentration changes of numerous compounds. However, it is not known whether the free sugars, aminohexoses, and polyols are affected. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine their concentrations in human colostrum and milk during the first 10 days postpartum.

Methods

This prospective longitudinal study in a sample of normal consecutive obstetric patients was conducted as a collaboration between two academic centers—Polish and American. Participants were 13 women after uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery at term of a singleton, appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age fetus. Lactose, galactose, glucose, mannose, galactosamine, glucosamine, glycerol, and myo‐inositol concentrations were measured using high performance liquid chromatography.

Results

During the first 3 days postpartum, the concentrations of lactose and glucose increased significantly (P < 0.001), to steady‐state values thereafter. In contrast, the concentrations of myo‐inositol and glycerol decreased significantly (P < 0.001) over the first 4 days, to reach relatively low stable values. ANOVA analysis indicated that the postpartum day at which early changes ceased to be significantly different from their plateau values was Day 4. myo‐Inositol concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.022) in multiparas than in primiparas.

Conclusions

The colostrum‐to‐milk transition is associated with significant changes in concentrations of free sugars and polyols, changes which are completed by the fourth postpartum day. Parity influences the concentrations of some compounds in the breast milk. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:198–204, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beliefs of Chinese buyers of pirated goods
Authors: Stephens Nancy J. , Swartz Teresa A.
Published: January 2013

This study fills a void in the piracy literature by describing the results of a qualitative investigation of buyers conducted in mainland China, one of the largest piracy markets in the world. Chinese college students, invited to write essays expressing their views, revealed themselves to be active buyers of fake music and movies, untroubled by any legal or ethical issues. Theories of cognitive dissonance and neoclassical economics are used to explain the behavior of buyers. A surprising result is the feeling of young Chinese that their government is unwilling and/or able to control piracy. Another insight not previously revealed in the literature is the Chinese essayists' condemnation of foreigners as hypocrites who preach against piracy while avidly buying fake goods themselves. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to stop binge drinking and speeding motorists: Effects of relational‐interdependent self‐construal and self‐referencing on attitudes toward social marketing
Authors: Martin Brett A. S. , Lee Christina Kwai‐Choi , Weeks Clinton , Kaya Maria
Published: January 2013

How can marketers stop speeding motorists and binge drinking? Two experiments show that the beliefs consumers have about the degree to which they define themselves in terms of their close relationships (i.e., relational‐interdependent self‐construal (RISC)) offer useful insights into the effectiveness of communications for two key social marketing issues—road safety (Study 1, New Zealand sample) and alcohol consumption (Study 2, English sample). Further, self‐referencing is a mechanism for these effects. Specifically, people who define themselves in terms of their close relationships (high‐RISCs) respond most favorably to advertisements featuring a dyadic relationship (two people), and this favorable response is mediated by self‐referencing. In contrast, people who do not include close relationships in their sense of self (low‐RISCs) respond most favorably to self‐reference advertisements featuring solitary models.

Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognition, Imagery and Coping among Adolescents with Social Anxiety and Phobia: Testing the Clark and Wells Model in the Population
Authors: Ranta Klaus , Tuomisto Martti T. , Kaltiala‐Heino Riittakerttu , Rantanen Päivi , Marttunen Mauri
Published: January 2013

The Clark and Wells' cognitive model of social phobia suggests that self‐focused attention, negative observer‐perspective images of oneself and safety behaviours maintain anxiety in subjects with SP. Empirical research among adults supports the model, but limited evidence for it has been obtained in other age groups or in the general population. We examined automatic thoughts, imagery, safety behaviours and general coping of adolescents with social anxiety and phobia. These were elicited by a thought listing procedure in a recalled, distressing social situation. The target variables were compared between adolescents with high versus normal self‐reported social anxiety (HSA/NSA) and between adolescents with clinical/subclinical SP (SP/SSP) versus no diagnosis. Adolescents with HSA reported overall negative thoughts, negative observer‐perspective images and safety behaviours more frequently than adolescents with NSA. The SP/SSP group displayed the same difference, and clearer, relative to the no diagnosis group, but additionally reported negative thoughts focused more often on self. Minor differences in coping were found between the groups. The study suggests that adolescents with SP already display the negative self‐focused cognitions, observer‐perspective imagery and behavioural pattern found among adults with SP. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Social anxiety associates with observer‐perspective imagery and safety behaviours in adolescence.

Adolescents with clinical social phobia report frequent negative self‐focused thoughts.

However, such negative cognitions focused on self do not associate to self‐reported social anxiety.

The cognitive model of social phobia (Clark & Wells, 1995) is applicable to adolescents.
Radioactive Europium‐Chelate‐Based Silica Nanoparticles as a Probe for Stability, Incorporation Efficiency and Trace Analysis
Authors: Wartenberg Nicolas , Raccurt Olivier , Bourgeat‐Lami Elodie , Imbert Daniel , Mazzanti Marinella
Published: January 2013

Two luminescent terbium and europium lanthanide chelates were efficiently embedded into silica nanoparticles by using a reverse microemulsion process. The incorporation was achieved without covalent bonding between the lanthanide chelates and the silica matrix. To investigate the efficiency of the incorporation process and the stability of the silica‐encapsulated lanthanide complex, a method based on a radioactive probe was developed; γ‐emitting europium (152) chelates were synthesized and incorporated into silica nanoparticles. Measurements of the γ activity through the entire synthesis allowed the accurate characterization of the incorporation efficiency of the used chelates. A clear correlation was established between the physicochemical properties of the different chelates and the measured incorporation efficiencies. A very efficient noncovalent incorporation of lanthanide chelates in highly stable nanoparticles was achieved by tuning the chelate properties, thus rendering the development of lanthanide‐based fluorescent nanoparticles easier.
Uncovering and Redesigning a Key Amino Acid of Glucose Oxidase for Improved Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Suraniti Emmanuel , Courjean Olivier , Gounel Sébastien , Tremey Emilie , Mano Nicolas
Published: January 2013

Here we uncover a key amino acid at the entrance of the active site of glucose oxidase from Penicilium amagasakiense and we successfully redesign it by nonactive site mutations, leading to enzymatic anodes with 2.4 fold higher current densities. The increase in current density could be correlated with a better interaction between the negatively charged amino acid located in position 424 and the positively charged redox mediator. We also demonstrate that this increase in current was not specific to Osmium and that further introduction of negative charges around the active site of glucose oxidase lead to a decrease in current density, illustrating the uniqueness of this amino acid in position 424.
Genipin‐Cross‐Linked Chitosan as a Support for Laccase Biosensor
Authors: Fernandes Suellen Cadorin , de Oliveira Santos Deise Maria Pereira , Vieira Iolanda Cruz
Published: January 2013

In this study a biosensor with laccase immobilized in a chitosan matrix was developed. Prior to the laccase immobilization the chitosan was cross‐linked with genipin, a naturally‐occurring cross‐linking agent, and incorporated into a carbon‐paste electrode. Analytical parameters for caffeic acid, such as repeatability (2.7 %), reproducibility (3.0 %), linearity (0.27 and 33 µM; r2≥0.9983), limit of detection (LOD=0.18 µM) and recovery (96–103 %), were determined. The method was applied in the determination of the total phenolic content of mate herb samples. The good performance of the method can be attributed to the effective immobilization of laccase in the cross‐linked support.
Experimental study of the flash point of flammable liquids under different altitudes in Tibet plateau
Authors: Ding Chao , Yao Wei , Tang Yanfei , Rong Jianzhong , Zhou Dechuang , Wang Jian
Published: January 2013

To reveal the dependence the flash point of flammable liquids have on altitude, a series of field tests at different altitudes in Tibet plateau were carried out by aid of a portable flash point measuring apparatus. The five tested altitudes are 3650, 3950, 4250, 4500, and 4750 m in Tibet plateau, as well as a benchmark altitude of 58 m in Hefei (a sea‐level city). The test results show the flash point has a nonlinear dependence on altitude for all the tested flammable liquids. The subsequent theoretical analysis indicates that the reciprocal of flash point depends linearly on the logarithmic of altitude, which in general agrees with the test results especially at relatively low altitudes. The study indicates that the fire hazard of flammable liquids increases as the altitude increases, which is an important consideration for the safety design of aircraft fuel tank as well as the fire safety management of oil production and transport in high‐altitude plateau. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The antimalarial ferroquine is an inhibitor of hepatitis C virus
Authors: Vausselin Thibaut , Calland Noémie , Belouzard Sandrine , Descamps Véronique , Douam Florian , Helle François , François Catherine , Lavillette Dimitri , Duverlie Gilles , Wahid Ahmed , Fénéant Lucie , Cocquerel Laurence , Guérardel Yann , Wychowski Czeslaw , Biot Christophe , Dubuisson Jean
Published: January 2013

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. Despite recent success in improving anti-HCV therapy, additional progress is still needed to develop cheaper and interferon (IFN)-free treatments. Here, we report that ferroquine (FQ), an antimalarial ferrocenic analog of chloroquine, is a novel inhibitor of HCV. FQ potently inhibited HCV infection of hepatoma cell lines by affecting an early step of the viral life cycle. The antiviral activity of FQ on HCV entry was confirmed with pseudoparticles expressing HCV envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 from six different genotypes. In addition to its effect on HCV entry, FQ also inhibited HCV RNA replication, albeit at a higher concentration. We also showed that FQ has no effect on viral assembly and virion secretion. Using a binding assay at 4°C, we showed that FQ does not prevent attachment of the virus to the cell surface. Furthermore, virus internalization was not affected by FQ, whereas the fusion process was impaired in the presence of FQ as shown in a cell-cell fusion assay. Finally, virus with resistance to FQ was selected by sequential passage in the presence of the drug, and resistance was shown to be conferred by a single mutation in E1 glycoprotein (S327A). By inhibiting cell-free virus transmission using a neutralizing antibody, we also showed that FQ inhibits HCV cell-to-cell spread between neighboring cells. Combinations of FQ with IFN, or an inhibitor of HCV NS3/4A protease, also resulted in additive to synergistic activity. Conclusion: FQ is a novel, interesting anti-HCV molecule that could be used in combination with other direct-acting antivirals. (HEPATOLOGY 2013)
Clinical Effect And Safety Profile of Recombinant Human Lysosomal Acid Lipase in Patients With Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease
Authors: Balwani Manisha , Breen Catherine , Enns Gregory M. , Deegan Patrick B. , Honzík Tomas , Jones Simon , Kane John P. , Malinova Vera , Sharma Reena , Stock Eveline O. , Valayannopoulos Vassili , Wraith Edmond J. , Burg Jennifer , Eckert Stephen , Schneider Eugene , Quinn Anthony G.
Published: January 2013

Cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD), an inherited deficiency of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), is an underappreciated cause of progressive liver disease with no approved therapy. Presenting features include dyslipidemia, elevated transaminases, and hepatomegaly. To assess the clinical effects and safety of the recombinant human LAL, sebelipase alfa, nine patients received four once-weekly infusions (0.35, 1, or 3 mg·kg−1) in LAL-CL01, which is the first human study of this investigational agent. Patients completing LAL-CL01 were eligible to enroll in the extension study (LAL-CL04) in which they again received four once-weekly infusions of sebelipase alfa (0.35, 1, or 3 mg·kg−1) before transitioning to long-term every-other-week infusions (1 or 3 mg·kg−1). Sebelipase alfa was well tolerated, with mostly mild adverse events unrelated to sebelipase alfa. No antidrug antibodies were detected. Transaminases decreased in patients in LAL-CL01 and increased between studies. In seven patients receiving ongoing sebelipase alfa treatment in LAL-CL04, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) decreases for alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase at week 12 compared to the baseline values in LAL-CL01 were 46 ± 21 U/L (−52%) and 21 ± 14 U/L (−36%), respectively (P ≤ 0.05). Through week 12 of LAL-CL04, these seven patients also showed mean decreases from baseline in total cholesterol of 44 ± 41 mg/dL (−22%; P = 0.047), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol of 29 ± 31 mg/dL (−27%; P = 0.078), and triglycerides of 50 ± 38 mg/dL (−28%, P = 0.016) and increases in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol of 5 mg/dL (15%; P = 0.016). Conclusion: These data establish that sebelipase alfa, an investigational enzyme replacement, in patients with CESD is well tolerated, rapidly decreases serum transaminases, and that these improvements are sustained with long-term dosing and are accompanied by improvements in serum lipid profile. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;58:950–957)
Do prevailing theories sufficiently explain perceptions and health‐seeking behavior of Ghanaians?
Authors: Fenenga Christine J. , Boahene Kwasi , Arhinful Daniel , de Wit Tobias Rinke , Hutter Inge
Published: January 2013

The challenges faced by African countries that have pioneered a national health insurance scheme (NHIS) and the lessons learned can be of great value to other countries, contemplating the introduction of such a health financing system. In 2003, Ghana initiated the NHIS to provide access to healthcare for people in both the formal and informal sectors. The paper assesses the applicability of four theoretical models to explain the perceptions and decisions of Ghanaians to participate in the NHIS. To contextualize these models, we used qualitative data from individual and group interviews of Ghanaians. These interviews form part of the study “towards a client‐oriented health insurance system in Ghana” to explain the uptake of the Ghanaian social health insurance. The paper argues for a new integrated model to provide a better understanding of clients' perceptions on illness, healthcare and health insurance. Such a model should highlight trust as a fundamental factor influencing the decision of Ghanaians to enroll in the NHIS. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the Fit Perspective: An Ethnographic Approach
Authors: Samnani Al‐Karim , Singh Parbudyal
Published: January 2013

While strategic human resource management (SHRM) theory has largely supported the importance of “fit,” the empirical research evidence has been mixed. In this study, we employ an ethnographic, case‐study approach to provide a more comprehensive assessment of fit and consider key contextual factors influencing HRM in the organization. Our findings suggest that the misalignment of HR practices can produce conflicting signals for employees, leading to reduced motivation and commitment. Furthermore, our study suggests that attempts to adopt isolated best practices without sufficient consideration of fit can have negative consequences. We conclude with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications.
Employee Responses to Changing Aspects of the Employer Brand Following a Multinational Acquisition: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Edwards Martin R. , Edwards Tony
Published: January 2013

This study examines changing employment brands in the context of a multinational acquisition, specifically the implications for current employees. Using a sample (N = 251) from both the acquired and acquiring workforces, employees are tracked across 12 months following acquisition. The study explores predictors of identification with the acquiring organization, intent to quit, and discretionary effort. We focus on employment brand–related predictors, specifically perceptions linked to the provision of unique employment experiences, organizational identity strength, perceived prestige, and judgments of whether the acquiring organization acts in accordance with its corporate identity claims. The study showed that perceptions of prestige immediately after acquisition predict identification 12 months hence, as do judgments of whether the organization acts in accordance with its corporate social responsibility–based corporate identity claims. These judgments also predict subsequent levels of discretionary effort and long‐term intent to leave, as do perceptions linked to the provision of unique employment experiences. Perceived change in these unique employment experiences is also related to change in identification and intent to leave across time. Importantly, these elements have a varied effect on the adjustment outcomes when comparing the two workforces.
Regional difference in GABA levels between medial prefrontal and occipital cortices
Authors: Veen Jan Willem van der , Shen Jun
Published: January 2013

Purpose:

To avoid the confounding effects of variations in tissue composition this study measured regional GABA differences using two voxels with the same tissue composition.

Materials and Methods:

Eighteen healthy adult volunteers were scanned using a 3 Tesla GE clinical scanner with a J‐coupling based editing sequence. Spectroscopy voxels were placed in the medial prefrontal (MPFC) and occipital cortex (OCC) with essentially the same gray and white matter fractions.

Results:

A 16% (P = 0.0001) significantly higher GABA to creatine ratio was found in the OCC (0.1103 ± 0.0050) compared with the MPFC (0.0953 ± 0.0041). When normalized to tissue water, GABA concentrations in the OCC were 14% higher than in the MPFC.

Conclusion:

A difference in GABA concentration was found between the OCC and MPFC voxels in healthy subjects which is attributable to differences other than tissue composition. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:745–750. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Books” and “book chapters” in the book citation index (BKCI) and science citation index (SCI, SoSCI, A&HCI)
Authors: Leydesdorff Loet , Felt Ulrike
Published: January 2013

In 2011, Thomson‐Reuters introduced the Book Citation Index (BKCI) as part of the Science Citation Index (SCI). The interface of the Web of Science version 5 enables users to search for both “Books” and “Book Chapters” as new categories. Books and book chapters, however, were always among the cited references, and book chapters have been included in the database since 2005. We explore the two categories with both BKCI and SCI, and in the sister databases for the social sciences (SoSCI) and the arts & humanities (A&HCI). Book chapters in edited volumes can be highly cited. Books contain many citing references, but are relatively less cited. We suggest that this may find its origin in the slower circulation of books then of journal articles. It is possible to distinguish bibliometrically between monographs and edited volumes among the “Books”. Monographs may be underrated in terms of citation impact or overrated using publication performance indicators because individual chapters are counted separately as contributions in terms of articles, reviews, and/or book chapters.
The other as a research agenda for information science
Authors: La Barre Kathryn , Buckland Michael , Ma Lai , van den Heuvel Charles
Published: January 2013

Examining any topic in isolation offers very limited possibilities for significant insights. In contrast, a strikingly rich and fundamental research agenda opens for Information Science when “the other” is considered. Three presentations will demonstrate some of these possibilities.

Every operation on information moves it further from its prior context. What are the consequences of this? Lai Ma will examine the fundamental effects of bibliographical operations on data sets and raises questions about the consequences of repeatedly adopting “the other” as we move further into data‐intensive work.

Every knowledge organization system reflects a perspective in its design. How could we design for multiple perspectives? Charles van den Heuvel will draw on the efforts of Paul Otlet to use new media to achieve multidimensional knowledge organization hospitable to differing points of view.

Every advance in science and most of our daily lives, depends on the work of others. Michael Buckland will argue that our academic need to know the work of others and everyday dependence on “second‐hand knowledge” constitutes a much‐needed rationale and strategic framework for Information Science itself.
Preparing for the academic job market: An interactive panel for doctoral students
Authors: Miller Karen , Agarwal Naresh Kumar
Published: January 2013

This proposal expands on the basic format of the successful interactive doctoral student panel sponsored by SIG/ED at the 2011 ASIS&T annual meeting. The 2012 panel will feature several new panelists and a discussion of alternative career paths to the traditional job market, such as postdoctoral opportunities.

The function of this panel is to provide an interactive platform for faculty members at all stages of their careers to provide advice and input for doctoral students nearing the completion of their doctoral work. This panel will provide valuable insight on finishing the dissertation, weighing post‐doctoral opportunities, entering the job market, and beginning an academic career. The format will allow participants to ask questions anonymously that may otherwise be embarrassing to ask. The seven panelists represent all stages of an academic career: three assistant professors, two associate professors (including an associate dean), and two full professors (including one dean). The participants come from six different institutions and represent two countries (U.S. and Canada). The panel will be of greatest use to those doctoral students at the end of their doctoral program, but, as proven in 2011, will also be of interest to doctoral students beginning their doctoral work and new assistant professors.
Web‐based education throughout the library & information science curriculum: Diverse challenges, opportunities, and perspectives
Authors: Neal Diane Rasmussen , Aytac Selenay , Kipp Margaret E. I. , Williams Lynne Y. , Johnson Catherine
Published: January 2013

This panel will explore the issues, opportunities, and challenges inherent in teaching information science course online. All panelists have extensive experience teaching online as well as face to face, and ask common questions about their teaching experiences and students' learning experiences. However, they teach a diverse range of courses, use a variety of delivery modalities, and work at widely differing universities. The purpose of the panel is to raise the common questions about online education that stem from these diverse backgrounds and engage the audience in a meaningful discussion about the changing nature of information science education.
ASIS&T online education initiatives: Driving the future
Authors: Neal Diane Rasmussen , Smith Linda C. , Ratliff Jacob A. , Khanova Julia
Published: January 2013

This panel provides an update for ASIS&T members on the activities of the Webinar Task Force and the Online Education Task Force to increase online communication and education efforts within the Society. Both task forces were formed by presidential appointment in 2011 with the goal of expanding the involvement of ASIS&T in the provision of online educational offerings. In addition to expanding webinar offerings, an organizational emphasis on online communication and education drives increased networking opportunities and ensures that members remain connected to the Society between annual meetings. Panel presentations include comments on the context of online education generally, insight into the background and context of the ASIS&T online education initiative, updates on the results and ongoing efforts of the task forces, and a perspective on the future and potential of online education within ASIS&T.

Sponsors

SIG/ED and the ASIS&T Online Education Task Force

Conference Track

TRACK 3, Innovation
Digital liaisons: Shifting borders in interdisciplinary collaborations
Authors:   SIG Digital Libraries
Published: January 2013

As the line between libraries and other information environments starts to blur with digital initiative collaborations, so do the distinctions between specific professions, roles, and duties within these contexts. Given the changing landscape, up‐and‐coming professionals at the undergraduate and master's degree level as well as recent graduates are greatly impacted by these innovations. Providing these early professionals with a venue for showcasing their budding expertise is critical for continuing this cycle of innovation. The proposed session features posters and presentations from undergraduate and master's students and early professionals which highlight their research, contributions and professional experiences related to the evolution and shifting borders of digital information environments.
Annotation as a new paradigm in research archiving: Two case studies: Republic of letters ‐ hebrew text database
Authors: Roorda Dirk , van den Heuvel Charles
Published: January 2013

We outline a paradigm to preserve results of digital scholarship, whether they are query results, feature values, or topic assignments. This paradigm is characterized by using annotations as multifunctional carriers and making them portable. The testing grounds we have chosen are two significant enterprises, one in the history of science, and one in Hebrew scholarship.

The first one (CKCC) focuses on the results of a project where a Dutch consortium of universities, research institutes, and cultural heritage institutions experimented for 4 years with language techniques and topic modeling methods with the aim to analyze the emergence of scholarly debates. The data: a complex set of about 20.000 letters.

The second one (DTHB) is a multi‐year effort to express the linguistic features of the Hebrew bible in a text database, which is still growing in detail and sophistication. Versions of this database are packaged in commercial bible study software.

We state that the results of these forms of scholarship require new knowledge management and archive practices. Only when researchers can build efficiently on each other's (intermediate) results, they can achieve the aggregations of quality data by which new questions can be answered, and hidden patterns visualized. Archives are required to find a balance between preserving authoritative versions of sources and supporting collaborative efforts in digital scholarship. Annotations are promising vehicles for preserving and reusing research results.
How do libraries use social networking sites to interact with users
Authors: Chen Dora Yu‐Ting , Chu Samuel Kai‐Wah , Xu Shu‐Qin
Published: January 2013

Social networking sites (SNS) are helpful for stirring up interactions among users. The number of libraries which adopt SNSs is increasing. However, user engagement is low on many libraries' SNSs. Existing research mainly focuses on the ways SNSs used in libraries and the librarians or users' attitudes towards libraries using SNSs. Little research has been done on how to use SNSs to interact with library users effectively. This study focuses on the interactions between libraries and users on libraries' Facebook, Twitter and Weibo. Four types of interactions are examined, including knowledge sharing, information dissemination, communication and knowledge gathering. A mixed method is applied in this study: quantitative results, generated from the analysis on around 1700 posts sampled from 40 libraries' SNSs, are incorporated with qualitative results concluded from the interviews with 10 librarians. The study finds that among the four types of interactions, knowledge sharing attracts the largest volume of user responses on libraries' SNSs. The study's investigation on the differences of Facebook‐like and Twitter‐like SNSs and those between academic and public libraries on using SNSs suggests that in order to improve the efficiency of interacting with users on SNSs, there are necessities for libraries to coordinate different types of SNSs and take the properties of their communities under consideration.
Bibliometric characteristics of political science research in Germany
Authors: Chi Pei‐Shan
Published: January 2013

This study investigates the publication, citation, and reference characteristics of items in political science with special attention to journal articles. By analyzing the complete 2003–2007 publication list of two top‐ranking departments of political science in Germany, this study explores the publication behavior of German political scientists and also analyzes their citation and reference characteristics. According to the results of the study, we will be able to provide important knowledge to the process of evaluating research performance in such a local language oriented subfield in the social sciences.
Private crises/public reponses: A nascent model
Authors: Private Crises/Public Reponses: A Nascent Model Lynn Westbrook
Published: January 2013

Private crises, by their very nature, pressure individuals to manage the uncontrollable on their own. Public responses devolve from multiple layers of organizational responsibility and, often antithetical, values. Information engagements weave through and across the resultant unstructured relationships. Using a critical theory lens and an intimate partner violence context, this paper posits a situational model of the dynamics information engagements within private crises and public responses.
“Things my doctor never told me”: Bridging information gaps in an online community
Authors: Rubenstein Ellen L.
Published: January 2013

In a medical climate where doctors are usually pressed for time, patients commonly leave their appointments feeling confused, unable to recall what was discussed, or simply missing information. These communication difficulties result in gaps in patients' knowledge about their conditions and their potential treatments. One response to this problem has been that patients join online health communities as a way to access more information and obtain social support. Research shows that participating in these communities has important benefits, including decreased depression, better ability to cope, and increased social networks that can aid in accessing needed information. However, little research addresses the specific information gaps patients experience, how they fill these gaps through online communication, and how online health information behavior interacts with medical decisions and patient‐provider communication. Drawing on data from 31 semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews, participant observation, and online archives analysis, this paper examines the health information interactions that participants in an online breast cancer community experienced as they progressed through breast cancer and survivorship. The findings reveal an extensive array of information that, from the patients' perspectives, was either not communicated or was inadequately communicated during patient‐provider interactions. This research highlights patients' perceptions of information gaps, how patients navigated through their information gaps with the help of the community, and the significance of peer interaction in the comprehension of medical information and medical decision‐making.
Beyond practices: A field study of the contextual factors impacting collaborative information seeking
Authors: Spence Patricia Ruma , Reddy Madhu
Published: January 2013

Collaborative information seeking (CIS) is an important aspect of team work. Researchers are developing more detailed understanding of CIS activities and the tools to support those activities in organizational settings. However, these activities take place in highly contextualized settings. Therefore, while it is important to study CIS activities and technologies, we also need to understand the contextual factors that influence these activities. This understanding can assist in the development of more effective organizational policies and systems to support CIS practices. To address this research gap, we conducted a field study of CIS activities of information technology (IT) teams in two hospitals. In particular, we sought to identify: (1) contextual factors that affect CIS activities and (2) how these factors affect CIS activities. Through this study, we identified four categories of contextual factors – individual, team, organizational and technological – that impacted CIS activities and practices. This study highlights the importance of studying context as an aspect of CIS.
Knowledge retrieval for scientific literatures
Authors: Guo Chun , Chinchankar Renuka , Liu Xiaozhong
Published: January 2013

The success of several knowledge retrieval experiments in some selected domains proved empirically that knowledge retrieval, if implemented in the restricted‐domain, can yield performance gains over classical “bag‐of‐words” based retrieval systems. The key to their success is the availability of codified high quality domain knowledge accumulated in years. However, this knowledge base is rarely available in other domains. In this paper, we propose innovative and economical ways to generate knowledge‐based structural metadata and demonstrate a prototype knowledge retrieval system, WikiBackyard, to serve user's knowledge oriented information need. The system benefits users by providing structure‐level access to scientific papers and automatically inferring structural knowledge from their natural language queries by leveraging knowledge recommendation and knowledge feedback.
Information visualization state of the art and future directions
Authors: Milojević Staša , Hemminger Bradley M. , Priem Jason , Chen Chaomei , Leydesdorff Loet , Weingart Scott B.
Published: January 2013

The panel explores the theoretical, metric, algorithmic, and design aspects of state‐of‐the‐art information visualization, and offers insights regarding the challenges and future directions in this field. The goal of the panel is to start a collaborative discussion around a number of important themes.
Evaluating rater quality and rating difficulty in online annotation activities
Authors: Organisciak Peter , Efron Miles , Fenlon Katrina , Senseney Megan
Published: January 2013

Gathering annotations from non‐expert online raters is an attractive method for quickly completing large‐scale annotation tasks, but the increased possibility of unreliable annotators and diminished work quality remains a cause for concern. In the context of information retrieval, where human‐encoded relevance judgments underlie the evaluation of new systems and methods, the ability to quickly and reliably collect trustworthy annotations allows for quicker development and iteration of research.

In the context of paid online workers, this study evaluates indicators of non‐expert performance along three lines: temporality, experience, and agreement. It is found that user performance is a key indicator for future performance. Additionally, the time spent by raters familiarizing themselves with a new set of tasks is important for rater quality, as is long‐term familiarity with a topic being rated.

These findings may inform large‐scale digital collections' use of non‐expert raters for performing more purposive and affordable online annotation activities.
Improving the user experience of professional researchers: Applying a user‐centered design framework in archival repositories
Authors: Meyerson Jessica , Galloway Patricia , Bias Randolph
Published: January 2013

User‐based evaluation of archives has evolved significantly over the past three decades. However, existing frameworks rely almost exclusively on surveys and questionnaires, which address users' self‐reported perceptions of quality of user experience in the archives. In this paper we propose a user‐centered design (UCD) framework for the systematic improvement of the in‐person archival user experience for professional researchers that borrows from service design, user experience design and usability. Using existing archival literature on use and users as our point of departure, we will discuss building professional researcher personas, the application of usability performance metrics to encourage greater efficiency for infrastructural archival activities, and UCD tools for enabling professional researchers to take on active roles in the re/design process as experts of their experience.
Foucault and the bibliographic universe: What Really is an author?
Authors: Budd John M. , Moulaison Heather Lea
Published: January 2013

This poster will present connections that are readily apparent between Michel Foucault's concept of “author” and the “entities” in FRBR. Both Group 1 and Group 2 FRBR Entities have properties that are analogous to Foucault's ideas of authors and the works they produce. Moreover, Foucault addresses important matters concerning the apprehension of the works and how authors (or, as he phrases it, the “author‐function”) are perceived, both directly and as broader notions. FRBR and the entity attributes designated in FRAD have the potential to realize some of the extension of “work” and “author” introduced by Foucault. This poster will include this possible extension
Information needs and search characteristics of first‐year medical students
Authors: Saparova Dinara
Published: January 2013

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between information needs of first‐year medical students and search strategies they used to address those needs during online information searching. Students' information needs focused around two categories of questions – general medical and diagnostic – and were pursued through a variety of online searches. Searches for general medical knowledge aimed to find information that was known to exist and resulted in the known‐item search tasks. Searches for diagnostic knowledge required finding several pieces of information that needed to be put together to answer a question and resulted in subject search tasks. Remote observations demonstrated that students' searches for general medical information were short, quick, and did not require investment of a significant time or cognitive effort. Diagnostic searches, in contrast, consisted of multiple search moves, were time‐consuming, and required a lot more thinking. Students performed both types of searches in indexed medical databases and Google but used them differently. Students' search patterns were visualized. Such way of presenting the findings allowed for a quick overview of the observed search process characteristics.