bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of lithology and climatic conditions on the groundwater quality in the semi-arid-regions: case study of the Eastern Middle Cheliff alluvial aquifer (northwestern Algeria)
Authors: Madene Elaid , Boufekane Abdelmadjid , Derardja Bilal , Busico Gianluigi , Meddi Mohamed
Published: December 2023

Over the last few years, the Eastern Middle Cheliff plain has witnessed remarkable economic growth, particularly in the agricultural sector. However, the overexploitation of the alluvial aquifer, coupled with agricultural practices involving the use of fertilizers and pesticides, significantly contributed to the degradation of groundwater quality. The primary objective of this study is to comprehend the mechanisms governing the water chemistry of the Eastern Middle Cheliff alluvial aquifer. A total of 42 samples were collected and analyzed during the dry periods of the 2012 and 2017. The data processing and representation involved the utilization of analytical tools including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Piper diagram, Stabler classification, binary diagrams, base exchange indices, saturation indices, and geostatistical methods. The interpretation of these data revealed the following findings: i) the groundwater in both the dry periods of 2012 and 2017 is characterized by the presence of two dominant hydro-chemical facies, namely calcium chloride and sodium chloride, as indicated by the Piper and Stabler diagrams; ii) the hydrochemical quality of the groundwater varies across different regions of the aquifer, fair to poor in the eastern and central regions, with the presence of certain contaminants resulting from the application of nitrates in agricultural activities. The quality is classified as very poor in the western region, primarily due to high salinity influenced by the lithology of the aquifer, the rise of deep salty water through the Cheliff fault due to the earthquake of the year 1980 and possibility by two climatic factors, namely evaporation and rainfall. Overall, this study provides new insights into the water chemistry dynamics of the Eastern Middle Cheliff alluvial aquifer, highlighting the varying hydrochemical facies and the impact of agricultural activities and climatic factors on groundwater quality in different areas of the aquifer.
Reducing frame rate and pulse rate for routine diagnostic cerebral angiography: ALARA principles in practice
Authors: Wali Arvin R. , Pathuri Sarath , Brandel Michael G. , Sindewald Ryan W. , Hirshman Brian R. , Bravo Javier A. , Steinberg Jeffrey A. , Olson Scott E. , Pannell Jeffrey S. , Khalessi Alexander , Santiago-Dieppa David
Published: December 2023

Objective: Diagnostic cerebral angiograms (DCAs) are widely used in neurosurgery due to their high sensitivity and specificity to diagnose and characterize pathology using ionizing radiation. Eliminating unnecessary radiation is critical to reduce risk to patients, providers, and health care staff. We investigated if reducing pulse and frame rates during routine DCAs would decrease radiation burden without compromising image quality.Methods: We performed a retrospective review of prospectively acquired data after implementing a quality improvement protocol in which pulse rate and frame rate were reduced from 15 p/s to 7.5 p/s and 7.5 f/s to 4.0 f/s respectively. Radiation doses and exposures were calculated. Two endovascular neurosurgeons reviewed randomly selected angiograms of both doses and blindly assessed their quality.Results: A total of 40 consecutive angiograms were retrospectively analyzed, 20 prior to the protocol change and 20 after. After the intervention, radiation dose, radiation per run, total exposure, and exposure per run were all significantly decreased even after adjustment for BMI (all p<0.05). On multivariable analysis, we identified a 46% decrease in total radiation dose and 39% decrease in exposure without compromising image quality or procedure time.Conclusions: We demonstrated that for routine DCAs, pulse rate of 7.5 with a frame rate of 4.0 is sufficient to obtain diagnostic information without compromising image quality or elongating procedure time. In the interest of patient, provider, and health care staff safety, we strongly encourage all interventionalists to be cognizant of radiation usage to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure and consequential health risks.
Interpreting the results of InterCriteria Analysis: Pareto principle at work
Authors:   Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Atanassova Vassia , Umlenski Ivo ,   Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2023

The present short note aims to propose a new, alternative, way to interpret the results of the intuitionistic fuzzy sets-based method for multicriteria decision support named InterCriteria Analysis. Given an m \times n dataset of multiple (''m'') objects evaluated numerically against multiple (''n'') criteria, the ICA method generates an n \times n table of intuitionistic fuzzy pairs \langle \mu_{i,j}, \nu_{i,j} \rangle, \ i, j \in {1, 2, \ldots, n} where the given pair indicates the extent of relation between the corresponding pair of criteria C_i, C_j. Traditionally, the interpretation of these intuitionistic fuzzy pairs regarding the extent of positive or negative dependence between two criteria (or, respectively, the lack of such) requires that two threshold values, both in the [0,1] interval too, are used. Now we propose to use only one such threshold value belonging to the [0,1] interval, for instance a minimal threshold of the degree of membership, while the other threshold {would} be essentially related to the size of the subset of intercriteria pairs being shortlisted for interpretation, rather than their degree of non-membership. We justify that the proposed approach, inspired by the Pareto Principle, in certain cases yields better results than the traditionally used one..
Distribución de Aedes albopictus en Ibagué: potencial riesgo de brotes de arbovirosis
Authors: Canizales Cristian Camilo , Carranza Julio Cesar , Vallejo Gustavo Adolfo , Urrea Daniel Alfonso
Published: December 2023

Introducción. Aedes albopictus es un vector de arbovirus como dengue, Zika, chikungunya y fiebre amarilla. Los primeros reportes en el continente americano datan de 1985 y dada su capacidad de adaptación ecológica y fisiológica, se ha distribuido rápidamente en el territorio colombiano desde su primer reporte en 1998.Objetivo. Determinar la distribución de A. albopictus en las comunas de Ibagué, Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Los muestreos se realizaron entre  mayo y noviembre de 2022 en zonas con abundante  vegetación de las 13 comunas de Ibagué. Se emplearon aspiradores y redes entomológicas. Los mosquitos fueron transportados al Laboratorio de Investigaciones en  Parasitología Tropical de la Universidad del Tolima para su determinación taxonómica.Resultados. Se identificaron 708 ejemplares de A.  lbopictus, distribuidos en las comunas de Ibagué. La mayor abundancia del vector se presentó en las comunas 10, 11, 7, 8, 2 y 9. Las comunas 3, 4, 5, 6, 12 y 13 presentaron abundancias relativas cercanas al 3 %, y la comuna 1 tuvo una abundancia del 2 %.Conclusiones. Aedes albopictus está distribuido en todas las comunas de Ibagué, probablemente su dispersión se ha visto favorecida por las condiciones ambientales y sociales de esta región. Se recomienda hacer seguimiento anual a las poblaciones de este vector y realizar una caracterización molecular de los arbovirus encontrados. Además, el conocer la distribución de este mosquito en la ciudad permitirá focalizar las estrategias de control entomológico y prevenir futuros brotes de arbovirosis.
Multi-modal sleep intervention for community-dwelling people living with dementia and primary caregiver dyads with sleep disturbance: protocol of a single-arm feasibility trial
Authors: Verma Sumedha , Varma Prerna , Brown Aimee , Bei Bei , Gibson Rosemary , Valenta Tom , Pietsch Ann , Cavuoto Marina , Woodward Michael , McCurry Susan , Jackson Melinda L.
Published: December 2023

Background

Disturbed sleep is common among people living with dementia and their informal caregivers, and is associated with negative health outcomes. Dyadic, multi-modal interventions targeting caregiver and care-recipient sleep have been recommended yet remain limited. This protocol details the development of a single-arm feasibility trial of a multi-modal, therapist-led, six-week intervention targeting sleep disturbance in dyads of people living with dementia and their primary caregiver.

Methods

We aim to recruit 24 co-residing, community-dwelling dyads of people living with dementia and their primary informal caregiver (n = 48) with sleep concerns (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ≥5 for caregivers, and caregiver-endorsed sleep concerns for the person living with dementia). People who live in residential care settings, are employed in night shift work, or are diagnosed with current, severe mental health conditions or narcolepsy, will be excluded. Participants will wear an actigraph and complete sleep diaries for two weeks prior, and during the last two weeks, of active intervention. The intervention is therapist-led and includes a mix of weekly small group video sessions and personalised, dyadic sessions (up to 90 min each) over six weeks. Sessions are supported by a 37-page workbook offering strategies and spaces for reflections/notes. Primary feasibility outcomes are caregiver: session attendance, attrition, and self-reported project satisfaction. Secondary outcomes include dyadic self-reported and objectively-assessed sleep, depression and anxiety symptoms, quality of life, and social support. Self-report outcomes will be assessed at pre- and post-intervention.

Discussion

If feasible, this intervention could be tested in a larger randomised controlled trial to investigate its efficacy, and, upon further testing, may potentially represent a non-pharmacological approach to reduce sleep disturbance among people living with dementia and their caregivers.

ANZCTR Trial registration

ACTRN12622000144718: https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=382960&showOriginal=true&isReview=true
A contrarreforma e o desenlace dos trabalhadores da saúde mental: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Nunes Ana Paula da Silveira , Lima Marcela Mansur Gomides , Lima Marcelo de Paula , Castro Paula Silva Guimarães , De Paiva Willimara Reis , Fontoura Victor Martins
Published: December 2023

Desde a década de 70, no Brasil, tem-se no cenário de ações do movimento de reforma psiquiátrica a visão de redemocratização. Leis e portarias foram criadas e instituíram diretrizes da Política Nacional de Saúde Mental - PNSM. Contudo, no ano de 2016, medidas adotadas pelo Governo Federal apontaram para o desmonte dessa Política, com o prejuízo de avanços, o que evidencia uma ruptura democrática. A pesquisa teve por objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa acerca desse desmonte observado nos últimos anos. Foi realizada uma busca de artigos que apresentaram discussão sobre a Saúde Mental no âmbito da Reforma Psiquiátrica do Brasil - RPB. Foram escolhidos 04 artigos para realização de leitura na íntegra e discussão dos dados encontrados. Esta pesquisa possibilitou compreender retrocessos que não passam despercebidos e demandam dos trabalhadores, usuários e familiares engajamento e mobilização para o resgate e criação de novas redes, que permitam a produção de encontros potentes e capazes de produzir mudanças no cotidiano e valorização dos serviços substitutivos de Saúde Mental, bem como a importância do desenvolvimento de pesquisas que indiquem o desmonte vivenciado em defesa da continuidade das políticas públicas orientadas pelas diretrizes da RPB.
A study on Standardization of Value-added Products of Fig Fruits Grown in Ballari District of Kalyana, Karnataka, India
Authors: Huchchannanavar Shilpa , Ramesh B. K.  , Vanishree S.  , Nidoni Udaykumar
Published: December 2023

The fig fruit, Ficus carica L., (Moraceae family) is one among the major fruit crops grown in Ballari district of Kalyana Karnataka. Due to rapid respiration rate and significant ethylene production fruits are climacteric and extremely perishable. Among the three varieties namely Ballari, Daenna, and Turkey brown are grown in Ballari District, Ballari variety covers larger area.  Although growing fig is a year-round farming activity in the region, there are just a few fig processing technologies available to adopt. ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ballari conducted a study to develop novel value-added products using fig varieties grown in the district. Processes to make dry fruit fig burfi and fig-banana rolls were standardised and nutritional value of the standardised products were analysed. The results showed fig dry fruit burfi made from Ballari variety having high protein (12.78g), calcium (17.45mg) and iron (6.0mg) content compared to other two varieties. Fig banana rolls made from Ballari variety also showed higher total mineral content (2.06g), fibre (1.62g), protein (0.70g) and carbohydrates (81.26 g) compared to other two varieties. After 60 days of storage, an organoleptic evaluation and microbiological analyses were carried out. Dry fruit burfi and fig-banana rolls made from Ballari variety were shown to be more nutrient-dense and performed better in organoleptic test when compared to those made with other varieties. Microbial loads test after 60 days of storage period showed the total plate counts below the permissible IFSA (International Flight Services Association) requirements for fig burfi and fig banana rolls made of all the three varieties. None of the products had any mould or yeast. The study revealed the value added products made from Ballari variety fig are more nutritious than that made with other two varieties grown in the district.
Design and Fabrication of a Hybrid Paddy Thresher with Aspirator
Authors: Jain Swapnil , Moses Sheen Cline , Aalam Rana N. , D’souza Prashant M.
Published: December 2023

Threshing and winnowing are two different operations if we proceed through traditional method, which involves a lot of physical effort, cost, drudgery; makes human lives difficult, time consuming and yields very low level of output etc. In view of all the associated problems the hybrid thresher was designed and fabricated. In this machine, Threshing and winnowing of paddy are done simultaneously. This designed machine can be powered by both motor and or pedal. Power source during operation can be changed by adjustments. Fabrication of this machine was done at the workshop of “Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering”. While research work was conducted on the farms of SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.). The threshing capacity obtained was found to be in the range of 70 - 90 kg/hr. Also, the average threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency and threshing losses obtained were 98 %, 94 % and 5% respectively. Hence, the machine so designed was found to be economical, efficient, time saving, reducing labour charges with good quality grains and minimum damages etc. The machine was designed keeping in view of human engineering and Ergonomics so as to provide comfortable for any user be it male or female.
Biosafety Evaluation of Methanol Extract of Stem Bark of Lonchocarpus griffonianus (Baill.) Dunn (Fabaceae) in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Ambe Daniel A. , Nyong Emmanuel E. , Ukpong Aniefiok W.
Published: December 2023

Aim: Due to hazards associated with specific medicinal plant species, the biosafety evaluation of medicinal plants is crucial for guaranteeing both their safe use and regulatory compliance. Assessing the biosafety profile of the methanol extract of L. griffonianus stem bark (LGME) is imperative. This research seeks to preserve both the environment and public health by filling in the gaps in the biosafety reports regarding the plant's stem bark's safety for possible usage. 

Methodology: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180 ± 1.63 g were given oral doses of LGME at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg daily for 28 days. Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), pack cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), lymphocytes (Lym) and granulocytes (Gran) were measured. Biochemical parameters such as kidney function tests (urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate), and liver function tests (alkaline phosphate (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), conjugated bilirubin (CB), total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb) were examined. Kidney and liver histological investigations were performed to evaluate any indications of organ damage.

Results: No significant (p˂0.05) alterations in the hematological markers in rats were

observed. There were no discernible alterations in the liver and kidney function markers. Liver and kidney histological architecture revealed no severe injuries. 

Conclusion: The current data indicate that the toxicity of the L. griffonianus methanol extract is low in Sprague-Dawley rats. These results offer crucial details regarding the toxicity and safety profile of L. griffonianus, a plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
A Comprehensive Review of Nano-Urea vs. Conventional Urea
Authors: Kumar Avaneesh , Ram Hardev , Kumar Sandeep , Kumar Rakesh , Yadav Arvind , Gairola Ananya , Kumar Vipin , Sharma Tanu
Published: December 2023

Conventional chemical fertilizers, notably urea, have long been employed globally to meet the increasing demands for food production. However, the use of conventional urea has raised environmental concerns, including nitrate leaching, global warming, ozone layer depletion, and groundwater pollution. Additionally, there is an overburden on the government in the form of import expenditure. As the global population grows and arable land diminishes, the demand for chemical fertilizers, particularly nitrogen intensifies. Urea production, responsible for a significant portion of the global nitrogen fertilizer demand, contributes to environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emissions and pollution. Researchers advocate for reducing urea demand through energy-efficient fertilizers to address these issues. Nano-fertilizers, characterized by nano-dimensions and slow-release properties, offer a potential solution. They serve as efficient nutrient carriers, minimizing losses through leaching and emissions. Nano-urea, developed by the Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative (IFFCO), stands out with nanometer-sized particles, prolonged shelf-life, and reduced environmental impact. Its adoption holds promise for sustainable agriculture, reducing agro-chemical use and enhancing soil health. Comparing nano-urea to conventional urea reveals higher efficiency, reduced environmental impact, controlled nutrient supply, and economic benefits. Nano-urea's nanotechnology-based innovations offer a transformative approach to crop nutrition, promoting sustainability, environmental conservation, and increased profitability for farmers. The Indian Agricultural Research Institute's experiment revealed that basal nitrogen application at 75% with prilled urea, full phosphorus and potassium, and nano-urea + nano-Zn sprays achieved yields comparable to 100% N + full P and K doses. Embracing energy-efficient novel fertilizers, such as nano-fertilizers, is crucial for achieving sustainable agriculture and meeting global food demands while mitigating environmental impacts.
Monolithic Micro‐/Nanoarchitectonic Multi‐Level Pixel Arrays Via a Two‐Step Photo‐Cross‐Linking Process for Multi‐Modal and Transformative Structural Coloration
Authors: Thiyagarajan Kaliannan , Ji Sungjoon , Han Jiseok , Jeon Hwisu , Cha Chaenyung , Kim Taesung
Published: January 2025

Thin film‐based structural coloration predominantly uses an elastomeric substrate and active materials, which exhibit uniform color changes under external stimuli such as bending, heat, and chemical environments. However, generating distinctive structural colors in a single stimulation is challenging, especially for microscale pixel arrays, which interact in more spectral and structural ways than bare thin films or static color pixels. This study presents a two‐step photo‐cross‐linking fabrication approach for monolithic pixel arrays. The pixelated structure is devised using ultraviolet‐curable chitosan (UVCC) on polydimethylsiloxane with controlled thickness at the nanoscales. The pixelated device can generate bending‐based reversible wrinkles with different sizes according to the thickness of the UVCC. Subsequently, each pixel exhibits thickness‐specific structural color covering the entire visible spectrum when bent. By coupling four microscale pixels with different colors, it is demonstrated that a unit of pixels can be seen as a combined color of each pixel color with the bare eyes. To demonstrate the micropixel approach, a traditional Korean Dancheong pattern is adopted and categorized its colors into three different ones. The proposed method generates distinguishable structural colors between the pixels, which makes this approach a strong contender for pixel‐based structural color applications such as anti‐counterfeiting, camouflage, and security printing.
Advanced Electrolyte Solution for Aqueous Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Extending Their Lifespan
Authors: Liu Binghang , Suo Liumin
Published: January 2025

Aqueous lithium‐ion batteries (ALIBs) leverage the advantages of water as a solvent, offering inherent safety, high ionic conductivity, cost‐effectiveness, and environmental sustainability, making them promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage applications. Nonetheless, two key challenges significantly imped their practical implementation: the unavoidable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to water's limited electrochemical stability window and the pronounced corrosion of metal current collectors caused by the aquatic environment. Considerable advancements have been made in addressing these challenges, with strategies focusing on enhancing longevity broadly classified into two primary approaches: electrolyte bulk‐phase modulation and interface engineering. This review aims to consolidate insights into these strategies, delving into the scientific principles that underpin the mitigation of HER and corrosion in ALIBs.
3D Orbital Angular Momentum Nonlinear Holography
Authors: Shen Feiyang , Fan Weiwen , Zhang Yong , Chen Xianfeng , Chen Yuping
Published: January 2025

Orbital angular momentum (OAM), due to its theoretically orthogonal and unbounded helical phase index, is utilized as an independent physical degree of freedom for ultrahigh‐capacity information encryption. However, the imaging distance of an OAM hologram is typically inflexible and determined by the focal length of the Fourier transform lens placed behind the hologram. Here, 3D orbital angular momentum holography is proposed and implemented. The Fourier transform between the holographic plane and imaging plane is performed by superimposing Fresnel zone plates (FZP) onto the computer‐generated holograms (CGH). The CGH is binarized and fabricated on the lithium niobate crystal by femtosecond laser micromachining. Experimental verification demonstrates the feasibility of the encoding method. Moreover, by superimposing FZPs with different focal lengths into various OAM channels, OAM‐multiplexing holograms are constructed. Target images are separately projected to different planes, thereby enabling 3D multi‐plane holographic imaging with low crosstalk. The interval between adjacent imaging planes can be uniform and minimal, free from depth of field (DoF) constraints, thus achieving high longitudinal resolution. This work achieves OAM holography in a more compact manner and further expands its applicability.
Efficient Orange and White Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence from Inherently Chiral Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials
Authors: Wang Yu , Chen Zi‐Xuan , Huo Zhong‐Zhong , Hong Xian‐Fang , Xing Shuai , Xu Jun‐Wei , Ni Hua‐Xiu , Yuan Li , Zheng You‐Xuan
Published: January 2025

Heteroatom‐embedded cyclic compounds offer significant advantages for organic optoelectronic materials. Herein, two novel saddle‐shaped, inherently chiral eight‐membered ring thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials (M8TPN and D8TPN), based on donor–acceptor (cyano–carbazole) structure, are presented. The involvement of chiral groups in the electronic distribution and emission process results in impressive circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) performances of the chiral materials with dissymmetry factors (gPL) reaching up to 7 × 10−3. Remarkably, the corresponding circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) with the (cR/cS)‐D8TPN material containing two eight‐membered rings enable orange–red and white light emission when doped into different host materials, achieving external quantum efficiencies of 7.91% and 12.8%, respectively, comparable to those of classical cyano– carbazole‐based TADF emitters. Furthermore, these devices exhibit efficient circularly polarized electroluminescence with |gEL| values of 4.8 × 10−3 and 1.6 × 10−3, respectively. This work represents the first application of eight‐membered inherently chiral compounds in CP‐OLEDs, offering an avenue for future material design.
Wetting and Spreading Behaviors of Impacting Metal Droplet Regulated by 2D Ultrasonic Field
Authors: Zhao Yuzhu , Zhang Shijing , Li Jing , Deng Jie , Liu Yingxiang
Published: January 2025

The wetting and spreading behaviors of metal droplets on solid substrates are critical aspects of additive manufacturing. However, the inherent characteristics of metal droplets, including high surface tension, elevated viscosity, and extreme temperatures, pose significant challenges for wetting and spreading on nonwetting substrates. Herein, this work proposes a strategy that employs a two‐dimensional (2D) orthogonal ultrasonic field to construct a vibration deposition substrate with radial vibration amplitude gradient, thereby enhancing the wettability and adhesive strength of impacting metal droplets ejected by a piezoelectric micro‐jet device. First, a 2D ultrasonic vibration device is designed based on the combination of longitudinal vibration modes. Additionally, oblique and circular vibration trajectories are synthesized. The vibration amplitude distributions and trajectories of the deposition substrate are verified utilizing the finite element method. Subsequently, the experimental results demonstrate that the contact angle is decreased by 24.7%, the spreading diameter is increased by 10.3%, and the adhesive strength is enhanced by 5.4 times compared to deposition on a static substrate. The 2D ultrasonic field facilitates the transition of metal droplets from a non‐wetting state to a wetting state on the nonwetting substrate, which highlights the versatility and adaptability of ultrasonic strategy for expanding the applications of metal droplets.
Do Zambian farmers manage climate risks?
Authors: Okamura Soyoka , Miura Ken , Umetsu Chieko
Published: January 2025

This study investigates production responses to climate risk among farmers in Zambia by combining historical rainfall with nationally representative household data. After identifying the importance of January and February rainfall in maize production, we define these months' historical rainfall variations as the climate risk index. We then relate this index to agricultural decisions. Results indicate little crop or plot diversifications in response to weather risks. Conversely, farmers in high‐climate‐risk regions apply less fertilizer and consequently achieve lower maize yields than their counterparts in low‐risk regions. Overall, Zambian farmers manage climate risk by underinvesting risky inputs at the expense of returns.
Spiking Patterns in the Globus Pallidus Highlight Convergent Neural Dynamics across Diverse Genetic Dystonia Syndromes
Authors: Kaymak Ahmet , Colucci Fabiana , Ahmadipour Mahboubeh , Andreasi Nico Golfrè , Rinaldo Sara , Israel Zvi , Arkadir David , Telese Roberta , Levi Vincenzo , Zorzi Giovanna , Carpaneto Jacopo , Carecchio Miryam , Prokisch Holger , Zech Michael , Garavaglia Barbara , Bergman Hagai , Eleopra Roberto , Mazzoni Alberto , Romito Luigi M.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Genetic dystonia is a complex movement disorder with diverse clinical manifestations resulting from pathogenic mutations in associated genes. A recent paradigm shift emphasizes the functional convergence among dystonia genes, hinting at a shared pathomechanism. However, the neural dynamics supporting this convergence remain largely unexplored.

Methods

Herein, we analyzed microelectrode recordings acquired during pallidal deep brain stimulation surgery from 31 dystonia patients with pathogenic mutations in the AOPEP, GNAL, KMT2B, PANK2, PLA2G6, SGCE, THAP1, TOR1A, and VPS16 genes. We identified 1,694 single units whose activity was characterized by a broad set of neural features.

Results

AOPEP, PANK2, and THAP1 displayed higher firing regularity, whereas GNAL, PLA2G6, KMT2B, and SGCE shared a large fraction of bursting neurons (> 26.6%), significantly exceeding the rate in other genes. TOR1A and VPS16 genes constituted an intermediate group, bridging these 2 groups, due to having the highest degree of spiking irregularity. Hierarchical clustering algorithms based on these dynamics confirmed the results obtained with first‐order comparisons.

Interpretation

Despite lacking common molecular pathways, dystonia genes share largely overlapping structures of neural patterns, in particular the degree of pallidal spiking regularity and bursting activity. We propose that the degree of desynchronization facilitated by pallidal neural bursts may explain the variability in deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) surgery outcomes across genetic dystonia syndromes. Lastly, investigating the effects of genetic mutations on low‐frequency pallidal activity could optimize personalized adaptive DBS treatments in patients with genetic dystonia. ANN NEUROL 2025
Breaking Aggregation State to Achieve Low‐Temperature Fast Charging of Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Guo Xiaoyu , Xu Shengtao , Gu Rong , Zhang Da , Gong Shuaiqi , Xu Jinting , Gao Qingwei , Xu Qunjie , Min Yulin
Published: January 2025

Insufficient ionic conductivity and elevated desolvation energy barrier of electrolytes limit the low‐temperature applications of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Weakly solvating electrolytes (WSEs), with limited lithium salt dissociation capability, are prone to desolvate and drive anion‐rich aggregates (AGGs). However, significant AGGs result in increased viscosity and low ionic mobility, contributing to battery failure at low temperatures (≤−20 °C). Here, we propose and achieve a transformation of WSEs’ solvation structures from AGGs to contact ion pairs (CIPs) through modulating the overall solvation capability, thereby achieving the balance between weak Li+‐ solvent interactions and desired ion migration kinetics. Remarkably, CIPs‐dominated electrolyte shows a ten‐fold increase in ionic conductivity compared to conventional WSEs. The Li||LiFePO4 (LFP) battery achieves more than 1400 cycles with 86.9 % capacity retention at 5 C. The practical 1.2 Ah LFP pouch cell delivered 69 % of the capacity at 25 °C when cycled at −40 °C. This strategy for solvation structure transformation in WSEs provides a novel approach for the development of electrolytes for low‐temperature batteries.
Prescribing DNA Origami Barrel‐Directed Subtractive Patterning of Nanoparticles for Crystalline Superstructure Assembly
Authors: Ding Longjiang , Ma Wenhe , Chen Xiaoliang , Wang Haozhi , Song Haitao , Fan Chunhai , Liu Xiaoguo , Yao Guangbao
Published: January 2025

Long‐range ordered lattices formed by the directed arrangement of colloidal particles hold significant promise for applications such as photonic crystals, plasmonic metamaterials, and semiconductor electronics. Harnessing regioselective interactions through DNA‐mediated assembly is a promising approach to advancing colloidal assembly. Despite efforts to engineer microscale patchy particles using sequence‐specific binding properties of DNA, the control of patch formation on nanoscale isotropic spherical nanoparticles remains challenging. We demonstrate a subtractive patterning strategy using barrel‐shaped DNA origami (DNA barrel) to selectively block surfaces of DNA‐coated gold nanospheres and create regiospecific patches. By designing binding positions and geometric parameters of DNA barrels, we can achieve controlled accessibility to nanosphere surfaces, forming patchy nanoparticles with tunable patch numbers and sizes. This strategy enables the construction of multidimensional superstructures with well‐defined stereo relationships, represented by an unprecedented graphane‐like bilayered superlattice. Furthermore, we developed a geometrical model that accounts for anisotropic particle bonding and steric hindrance, elucidating the relationship between architectural outcomes and the structural parameters of DNA‐barrel‐directed patchy nanoparticles, and enabling reverse engineering designs of potential assembly symmetries. This approach opens new avenues for generating nanoparticle assemblies with distinct symmetries and properties.
Inhibiting Interfacial Electron Leakage via An Artificial Rectified Layer for Longevous Zinc Metal Anodes
Authors: Yin Guang‐Yuan , Wang Hong‐Rui , Zhou Min‐Yang , Long Tao , Ding Meng‐Sha , Xie Bin , Wu Xiong‐Wei , Li Jiabao , Ling Wei , Dai Jiayu , Zeng Xian‐Xiang
Published: January 2025

Dendrites and water‐induced side reactions impose greatly challenge on the implementation of aqueous zinc ion batteries. To tackle these problems, an artificial rectified layer (ARL) with hydrophobic, zincophilic and insulating features was in situ synthesized on Zn surface rapidly to prevent the electron leakage from Zn anode to aqueous electrolyte, which is the underlying logic for uneven Zn deposition and parasitic side reactions. The ARL also displays a high Zn2+ transference number of 0.71 and can build fast Zn2+ transport channels to homogenize the interfacial ion flux and electric field according to the calculated work function and multi‐physics phase simulation results. Therefore, the Zn anode with ARL shows preferred plating along with (002) crystal facet and an admirable Coulombic efficiency of 99.86 % over 3200 cycles. Zn symmetric cells can withstand large current density up to 40 mA cm−2 and operate stably at 44.2 % depth of discharge for 250 hours, surpassing most of published reports. The ARL also enables the Zn||MnO2 full batteries to circulate over 2600 cycles with a high‐capacity retention of 80.1 % and low self‐discharge at 1 A g−1. This work provides a different perspective to comprehend and design satisfactory solid electrolyte interphase for Zn metal anodes.
Is to persevere dangerous for brain health? Effect of active coping and grit on subjective cognitive decline in Black American males
Authors: Esiaka Darlingtina K. , Nwakasi Candidus , Nweke Chizobam , Thorpe Roland J. , Luth Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

Introduction

One strategy for early detection of risk of dementia is identification of subjective cognitive decline (SCD). However, there is a paucity of data examining the intricate interplay between active coping, grit, and SCD within the context of Black male's experiences.

Methods

One hundred and thirty‐eight Black American males completed standardized measures assessing SCD, active coping, grit, and demographic characteristics. Linear regression analyses were performed and standardized beta coefficients were reported to describe the estimated independent and interaction effect of the predictor variables.

Results

We found that active coping (β = −0.287, p < 0.001) and grit (β = 0.630, p < 0.001) were associated with SCD while controlling for demographic variables (F [6,131 = 8.609] p < 0.001). Also, grit modified the association between active coping and SCD (β = 0.153, SE = 0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.00,0.08], p = 0.045).

Discussion

Our findings underscore the need to examine risk and protective factors against cognitive decline in Black American males.
Circular Economy in a Developing Country's Textile and Apparel Industry: Managerial Perspectives on Challenges and Motivators
Authors: Nath Shobod Deba , Mustayin Syed Sharaf , Eweje Gabriel
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that challenge or motivate textile and apparel suppliers' implementation of circular economy (CE) practices. To this end, we interviewed 18 senior managers from Bangladeshi textile and apparel suppliers. The key reported challenges to CE implementation were cost concerns, the reluctance of entrepreneurs, lack of regulatory influence, the unavailability of appropriate technology and the lack of adequate research and development projects. Conversely, the long‐term benefits, buyer pressure, rising awareness, growing collaboration and the growth in research funding were reported as key motivating factors for CE implementation. In particular, beyond the conflicts between financial concerns and legitimacy, our findings support institutional theory and enhance the CE literature by revealing new insights into normative factors such as development agencies' growing research funding and collaboration, which motivate suppliers to effectively implement the CE practices. This paper has significant implications for managers and policymakers regarding how to capitalise on motivating factors to overcome the challenges of CE implementation.
In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity and Chemical Composition of Combretum aculeatum, a Medicinal Plant From Niger
Authors: Damé Souleymane Magagi , Leclercq Louis , Vonthron‐Sénécheau Catherine , Ilagouma Amadou Tidjani , Ortiz Sergio
Published: January 2025

Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Niger, accounting for 5.6% of global malaria‐related deaths. Local medicinal plants are frequently used as traditional treatments for malaria, although their efficacy and safety are often insufficiently investigated. This study aims to evaluate the antiplasmodial activity and chemical composition of eight medicinal plants from Niger. Plant extracts were tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit the uptake of [3H]‐hypoxanthine in the Plasmodium falciparum NF54 chloroquine‐sensitive strain. The most active extract was subjected to chemical analysis using HPLC–PDA–HRMS/MS dereplication, whereas major compounds were quantified via a validated LC–UV method. The ethyl acetate extract of Combretum aculeatum (2a) demonstrated important antiplasmodial activity, with an IC50 value of 3.1 µg/mL and a selectivity index of 24.5. C‐glycosyl flavonoids were identified as the primary constituents, present at concentrations ranging from 5.7 to 9.8 mg of vitexin equivalent per g of extract. However, the low abundance of these compounds suggests that other constituents may contribute to the extract's antiplasmodial effects. Further investigations are required to explore possible synergies among the components of 2a and to assess its efficacy in vivo models.
Selective On‐Surface Metalation and Uncommon Reordering of Self‐Assembled Macrocyclic Biquinazoline Ligands on Ag(111)
Authors: Haag Felix , Zhao Wenchao , Yang Biao , Knecht Peter , Seufert Knud , Cuxart Marc G. , Papageorgiou Anthoula C. , Muntwiler Matthias , Auwärter Willi , Hess Corinna R. , Barth Johannes V. , Allegretti Francesco
Published: January 2025

The macrocyclic biquinazoline ligand, H‐Mabiq, presents a central and a peripheral site for the coordination of metal ions, making the adsorption on solid surfaces promising for the creation of self‐assembled bimetallic two‐dimensional platforms. Here, we apply an on‐surface metalation strategy under ultra‐high vacuum conditions to guide the synthesis of metalated species and study sequential metalation patterns. We find that cobalt (as well as iron) metalation on the Ag(111) surface preferentially occurs at the macrocyclic centre without further metal coordination to the peripheral site. Nevertheless, starting from a densely packed, self‐assembled H‐Mabiq monolayer, the modification of the central cavity by Co is accompanied by an unusual, metalation‐induced phase transformation which gives evidence of modified lateral / interfacial interactions. The selective metalation of one molecular site opens up an on‐surface route to create bimetallic networks incorporating select metal ions at different locations.
A Review on Carbazole and Its Derivatives as Anticancer Agents From 2013 to 2024
Authors: Waghmare Priyanka Sanjay , Chabukswar Anuruddha Rajaram , Raut Kunal Ganesh , Giri Pooja Tanaji
Published: January 2025

Carbazole, a natural alkaloid, has been recognized as an effective anticancer agent for over 40 years. However, only a limited number of carbazole‐based compounds have received FDA approval for cancer treatment. Current cancer therapies are often associated with significant side effects, causing physical, emotional, and financial burdens for patients. Additionally, despite advancements, cancer prevention and treatment remain challenging due to suboptimal clinical outcomes. The development of new drugs is crucial for achieving safer and more effective cancer therapies. This review focuses on various carbazole derivatives and hybrid composites, highlighting their interactions with distinct receptors and their mechanisms of anticancer action, along with a general structure–activity relationship (SAR). It also emphasizes carbazole‐based compounds employed in chemoprevention, which aim to delay or prevent malignant progression. By covering carbazole derivatives and their anticancer potential from 2013 to the present, along with their current clinical status, this study offers valuable insights and updates for researchers in the field.
T2‐low severe asthma clinical spectrum and impact: The Greek PHOLLOW cross‐sectional study
Authors: Porpodis Konstantinos , Zias Nikolaos , Kostikas Konstantinos , Tzouvelekis Argyris , Makris Michael , Konstantinou George N. , Zervas Eleftherios , Loukides Stelios , Steiropoulos Paschalis , Katsoulis Konstantinos , Palamidas Anastasios , Syrigou Aikaterini , Gangadi Maria , Christopoulos Antonios , Papapetrou Dimosthenis , Psarros Fotios , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos , Tzortzaki Eleni , Vittorakis Stylianos K. , Paraskevopoulos Ioannis , Papanikolaou Ilias , Krommidas Georgios , Latsios Dimitrios , Tzanakis Nikolaos , Markatos Miltiadis , Damianaki Angeliki , Manikas Argyrios , Chatzipetrou Alexia , Vourdas Dimitrios , Tsiouprou Ioanna , Papista Christina , Bartsakoulia Marina , Mathioudakis Nikolas , Galanakis Petros , Bakakos Petros
Published: January 2025

Background

Data on type 2 (T2)‐low severe asthma (SA) frequency is scarce, resulting in an undefined unmet therapeutic need in this patient population. Our objective was to assess the frequency and characterize the profile and burden of T2‐low SA in Greece.

Methods

PHOLLOW was a cross‐sectional study of adult SA patients. Based on a novel proposed classification system, patients were classified as T2‐low if blood eosinophil count (BEC; cells/μL) was <150, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) < 25 ppb and any allergy status or BEC < 150/FeNO < 50 ppb/no allergy or BEC < 300/FeNO < 25 ppb/no allergy. For patients receiving biologics and/or oral corticosteroids, only those with BEC < 150/FeNO < 25 ppb/no allergy/no response to therapy were classified as T2‐low. Secondary outcome measures were: Asthma Control Test (ACTTM), Mini‐Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (Mini‐AQLQ), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment:Respiratory Symptoms (WPAI:RS) questionnaire.

Results

From 22‐Mar‐2022 to 15‐Mar‐2023, 602 eligible SA patients were enrolled. The frequency of T2‐low asthma was 20.1%. Of those, 71.1% had experienced ≥1 clinically significant exacerbations in the past year, 62.8% had ACT score <20 (uncontrolled asthma), and 22.3% were biologic‐treated. Mini‐AQLQ score was <6 (impairment) in 79.5% of patients, HADS‐total score was ≥15 (clinically significant emotional distress) in 43.8%, while median percent activity impairment and work productivity loss were 30.0 for both domains. Clinical and patient‐reported outcomes were worse among patients with ACT‐defined uncontrolled asthma.

Conclusions

One‐fifth of SA patients present with a T2‐low endotype. These patients frequently have uncontrolled disease and experience impairments in their quality of life, emotions and work ability.
Multiple‐Dose Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety, and Tolerability of Subcutaneous Rusfertide, a Hepcidin Mimetic, in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Modi Nishit B. , Dinh Phillip , Ajari Ifode
Published: January 2025

Rusfertide, a peptide hepcidin mimetic, has shown efficacy in polycythemia vera. This trial investigated the multiple‐dose pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of once‐weekly rusfertide 60 mg for 5 weeks in healthy subjects. Subjects were randomized to subcutaneous injection in the abdomen, upper arm, or thigh. Eighteen subjects were enrolled, and 15 completed the study. Geometric mean peak rusfertide plasma concentrations (Cmax) following the first dose were 547, 387, and 560 ng/mL following injection in the abdomen, thigh, and arm, respectively (P = .0054). There was no difference between injection sites in the rusfertide area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) following the first dose (P ≥ .179) or in the Cmax or AUC during the dosing interval following the last dose (P ≥ .238). Geometric mean accumulation (Dose 5/Dose 1) for AUC and Cmax was 1.5 and 1.2, respectively, and similar across injection sites. Mechanism‐based decreases in serum iron, transferrin‐iron saturation, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were noted following multiple doses. There were no differences between injection sites in the pharmacodynamic effect as measured by change from baseline in hematocrit values. There were no serious adverse events. Treatment‐emergent adverse events in 2 or more subjects were injection‐site reactions (erythema, induration, pruritus), fatigue, and headache. There were no clinically relevant findings in the safety laboratory parameters, vital signs, electrocardiograms, or physical examination. While a higher incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events was noted in these healthy participants following multiple doses of 60 mg, rusfertide was generally well tolerated. There were no clinically meaningful differences in rusfertide pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics between injection sites.
Association of arterial structure and function with incident cardiovascular diseases and cognitive decline
Authors: Robert Caroline , Tan Wei Ying , Ling Lieng‐Hsi , Hilal Saima
Published: January 2025

Introduction

We examined the associations of carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT), arterial stiffness index (ASI), and pulse pressure (PP) with cerebrovascular disease, cognitive function and decline, and incident cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and dementia in the UK Biobank cohort.

Methods

The study consisted of 42,711 participants (mean age 64.2 years) with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), vascular assessments, and cognitive testing. Cerebrovascular disease markers included white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and brain volumes. CIMT, ASI, and PP were measured using carotid ultrasound, photoplethysmography, and blood pressure, respectively. General cognitive ability (g‐score) was derived from various cognitive tests using principal components analysis (PCA).

Results

Elevated CIMT, ASI, and PP were associated with increased WMH volume (WMHV). Increased PP was independently associated with poorer numeric memory (ß = −0.028,p = 0.002), fluid intelligence (IQ) (ß = −0.060,p < 0.001), and g‐score (ß = −0.028,p < 0.001) in cross‐sectional analysis, but not longitudinally. CIMT showed the strongest association with incident CVD and dementia.

Discussion

CIMT had the most robust associations with WMHV, incident CVD, and dementia, suggesting its utility as an alternative endpoint.

Highlights

Effects of arterial stiffness on cognition, dementia, and CVD.

Structural vascular parameters included CIMT.

Functional properties included ASI and PP.

CIMT, ASI, and PP were positively associated with WMHV.

CIMT had the greatest associations with incident CVD and dementia.