bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mesoporous Ti4O7 Nanosheets with High Polar Surface Area for Catalyzing Separator to Reduce the Shuttle Effect of Soluble Polysulfides in Lithium‐sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhou Chuang‐An , Sun Xiuyu , Yan Wei , Zuo Yinze , Zhang Jiujun
Published: May 2022

In the effort to accelerate adsorption and catalytic conversion of lithium polysulfides (Li‐PSs) and suppress the shuttle effect of lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs), the Ti4O7 nanosheets/carbon material‐modified separator is successfully fabricated to reducing soluble Li‐PSs’ crossover from cathode to anode. The catalyst of mesoporous Ti4O7 nanosheets with O−Ti−O units synthesized at low temperature shows both excellent conductivity and high surface area. The modified separator can serve as a diffusion barrier of Li‐PSs and catalyst for converting soluble low‐chain sulfides into insoluble ones and then remarkably enhance the sulfur utilization and electrochemical performance of the LSB. This work provides a feasible avenue in both design and synthesis of mesoporous catalyst materials for suppressing the shuttle effect of lithium‐sulfur batteries.
Water‐Regulated Mechanisms for Degradation of Pesticides Paraoxon and Parathion by Phosphotriesterase: Insight from QM/MM and MD Simulations
Authors: Fu Yuzhuang , Fan Fangfang , Wang Binju , Cao Zexing
Published: May 2022

The enzymatic degradation of pesticides paraoxon (PON) and parathion (PIN) by phosphotriesterase (PTE) has been investigated by QM/MM calculations and MD simulations. In the PTE‐PON complex, Znα and Znβ in the active site are five‐ and six‐coordinated, respectively, while both zinc ions are six coordinated with the Znα‐bound water molecule (WT1) for the PTE‐PIN system. The hydrolytic reactions for PON and PIN are respectively driven by the nucleophilic attack of the bridging‐OH− and the Znα‐bound water molecule on the phosphorus center of substrate, and the two‐step hydrolytic process is predicted to be the rate‐limiting step with the energy spans of 13.8 and 14.4 kcal/mol for PON and PIN, respectively. The computational studies reveal that the presence of the Znα‐bound water molecule depends on the structural feature of substrates characterized by P=O and P=S, which determines the hydrolytic mechanism and efficiency for the degradation of organophosphorus pesticides by PTE.
Non‐catalytic esterification of palm fatty acid distillate with 2‐ethyl hexanol for high purity production of biolubricant ester
Authors: Pauzi Nik Nurfatmah Pz Nik , Ramli Nur Aainaa Syahirah , Chung‐Hung Chan , Ahmad Hazmi Ahmad Syafiq , Ikram Rabia , Mohamed Jan Badrul
Published: May 2022

Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), a byproduct of crude palm oil (CPO) refining, is an attractive feedstock for biolubricants due to its inedible nature and the fact that its cost is lower than that of palm oil. Ethylhexyl ester is a novel high‐performance biolubricant synthesized via the non‐catalytic esterification of PFAD with 2‐ethylhexanol (2EH), normally the esterification of PFAD with methanol (MeOH). By substituting a longer carbon chain alcohol for MeOH, the cold flow characteristics, flashpoint, and oxidative stability are improved. The optimal esterification parameters were 1:2 (PFAD:2EH) mole ratio, 180 °C, 100 rpm, and 6 h. The kinetic reaction fitted the pseudo‐first order well with an activation energy of 29.89 kJmol−1 and a pre‐exponential factor of 15.05 min−1. The increase in ester purity and conversion from 44 to 95% and 97 to 99.5% were achieved by fractionation via vacuum distillation at 125–200 °C and 47–55 mbar. The physicochemical properties of the ester appear to be suitable as ISO VG 10 lubricant for hydraulic application in terms of kinematic viscosity at 100 °C of 2.9 mm2/s−1, a viscosity index of 243, and a flash point of 180 °C. This study will assist in designing industrial biolubricant reactors. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Red Foxes in the Filing Cabinet: Günter Tembrock's Image Collection and Media Use in Mid‐Century Ethology**
Authors: Gräfe Sophia
Published: May 2022

This paper considers the epistemic career of visual media in ethology in the mid‐20th century. Above all, ethologists claimed close contact with research animals and drew scientific evidence from these human‐animal communities, particularly in public relations. However, if we look into the toolboxes of comparative behavioral biologists, it becomes evident that scientifically valid research results were primarily obtained by experimenting with model images. These visual specimens tell a technical story of the methodological requirements in behavioral science necessary to bridge everyday observations between the laboratory and the field. By neutralizing individual traces of animal bodies as well as their observers, they prompted the abstraction of ethological hypotheses. The case study of East‐German biologist Günter Tembrock (1918–2011), who maintained his own collection of newspaper clippings, drawings, photographs, and films, offers a new perspective on the methodological development of this field. Furthermore, this article contributes to a scholarly discussion geared toward expanding the spaces of ethological research. My analysis of the image collections of the Forschungsstätte für Tierpsychologie presents the archive as a relevant site of study in the history of ethology.
The role of central amygdaloid nucleus in regulating the nongenomic effect of aldosterone on sodium intake in the nucleus tractus solitary
Authors: Wang Rui , Wang Nan , Liang Wenhui , Lin Tingting , Qiao Hu
Published: May 2022

Objective

The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) has dense downward fiber projections towards the nucleus tractus solitary (NTS) and can modulate the activity of NTS taste neurons. However, whether CeA affects the nongenomic role of aldosterone (ALD) in regulating sodium intake at the NTS level remains unclear.

Methods

First, 40 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups, referring to different concentrations of ALD, to observe the sodium intake pattern compared with the vehicle (n = 8). ALD, the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone (SPI), and ALD + SPI were injected into the NTS. Then, the rats were divided into four groups (n = 16): bilateral/unilateral CeA electrolytic lesions, bilateral/unilateral CeA sham lesions. After recovery, one stainless steel 23‐gauge cannula with two tubes was implanted into the rat NTS, and all rats underwent a recovery period of 7 days. Then, each group was divided into two subgroups that received aldosterone or control solution injection, and the cumulative intake of 0.3 mol/L NaCl solution was recorded within 30 min.

Results

Bilateral CeA lesion eliminated the increased 0.3 mol/L NaCl intake induced by aldosterone microinjected into the NTS (CeA lesion: 0.3 ± 0.04 ml/30 min vs. sham lesion: 1.3 ± 0.3 ml/30 min). Unilateral CeA lesion reduced the increased NaCl intake induced by aldosterone microinjected into the NTS compared with the control group (p < .05) in the first 15 min but not in 15–30 min (p > .05). In sham lesion rats, aldosterone (5 ng/0.1 μl) still induced a significant increase in NaCl intake (aldosterone: 1.3 ± 0.3 ml/30 min vs. control: 0.25 ± 0.02 ml/30 min) (p < .05).

Conclusion

The results verified that the complete CeA may play an important role in aldosterone to regulate the nongenomic effect on rapid sodium intake.
DC machines remote lab case study in Technical and Vocational University
Authors: Qaraei Parsa Y. , Hashemi Ali , Salehi Mohammad H. , Karimi Mohsen , Moradi Alireza
Published: May 2022

Practical study such as laboratory activity helps students to learn about engineering technical courses. New electronic technologies and the Internet of Things allow students and researchers to do experiments remotely. During quarantine due to pandemics such as Covid‐19 or when researchers and students are not present in the university, remote laboratories are used as a complementary teaching feature. In these conditions, the remote laboratories also allow the development of experimental‐based research. This paper presents the design and development of a remote interactive laboratory for the teaching and practical learning of DC machines at Technical and Vocational University. This laboratory is designed using the Arduino board to make a data acquisition card and actuator controller. Also, LabVIEW is used, which is remotely controlled based on the Internet and allows students to observe and perform experiments related to the DC machines course anywhere and anytime. In this laboratory, to better adapt to the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology criteria, the principle of teamwork to perform the experiments and achieve the final result has been considered. The case study results of a remote laboratory in Mohajer Faculty present the students' understanding and satisfaction in obtaining the required scientific competencies from the proposed laboratory.
Diterpenoids from Streptomyces: Structures, Biosyntheses and Bioactivities
Authors: Gong Kai , Yong Daojing , Fu Jun , Li Aiying , Zhang Youming , Li Ruijuan
Published: May 2022

Bacteria, especially Streptomyces spp., have emerged as a rich source for natural diterpenoids with diverse structures and broad bioactivities. Here, we review diterpenoids biosynthesized by Streptomyces, with an emphasis on their structures, biosyntheses, and bioactivities. Although diterpenoids from Streptomyces are relatively rare compared to those from plants and fungi, their novel skeletons, biosyntheses and bioactivities present opportunities for discovering new drugs, enzyme mechanisms, and applications in biocatalysis and metabolic pathway engineering.
When Aggregation‐Induced Emission Meets Perovskites: Efficient Defect‐Passivation and Charge‐Transfer for Ambient Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gu Ningxia , Zhang Pengyun , Song Lixin , Du Pingfan , Ning Lei , Buregeya Ingabire Providence , Chen Wei‐Hsiang , Wang Yijia , Xiong Jie
Published: May 2022

The intrinsic defects in perovskite film can serve as non‐radiative recombination center to limit the performance and stability of metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The additive engineering in perovskite film is always applied to produce high‐efficiency PSCs in recent years. Here, a typical donor‐acceptor (D−A) structured aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) molecule tetraphenylethene‐2‐dicyano‐methylene‐3‐cyano‐4,5,5‐trimethyl‐2,5‐dihydrofuran (TPE‐TCF) was introduced into perovskite film. The D−A structure of TPE‐TCF molecule provided additional charge transfer channels, contributing to transporting electron of TPE‐TCF‐based device. The cyano (C≡N) of TPE‐TCF can interact with the uncoordinated Pb to from a relatively stable intermediate, PbI2⋅TPE‐TCF, resulting in the slower crystal growth, reduced the defects at the grain boundaries and suppressed carrier recombination. As a consequence, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of TPE‐TCF‐modified PSCs achieved a remarkably enhanced from 15.63 to 19.66 % with negligible hysteresis, which was prominent in methylammonium lead iodide‐based devices fabricated under ambient condition. Furthermore, the PSCs modified by AIE molecule possessed an outstanding stability and maintain about 86 % of the initial PCE after 300 h storage in air at 25–35 °C with a high relative humidity (RH) of ≈85 %. This work suggests that incorporating AIE molecule into perovskite is a promising strategy for facilitating high‐performance PSCs commercialization in ambient environment without glovebox.
Estimation of Bioethanol, Biohydrogen, and Chemicals Production from Biomass Wastes in Brazil
Authors: Soares Juliana Ferreira , Confortin Tássia Carla , Todero Izelmar , Luft Luciana , Ugalde Gustavo Andrade , Tovar Laura Plazas , Mayer Flávio Dias , Mazutti Marcio Antonio
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of some selected biomass waste to be used as feedstock in the production of bioethanol and biohydrogen along with chemicals in Brazil. The substrates are rice bran (RB), rice husk (RH), brewer's spent grain (BSG), soybean waste (SW), and wheat waste (WW). These substrates are treated by diluted acid hydrolysis in an autoclave under different conditions of acid concentration, temperature, reaction time, and moisture. The highest concentration of reducing sugars (RS) of RH, RB, BSG, SW, and WW hydrolysates, measured by the 3,5‐dinitrosalicylic acid method (DNS), is 118.16 ± 2.85, 170.39 ± 20.47, 600.97 ± 23.05, 80.38 ± 2.39, and 228.04 ± 3.97 gRS kg−1substrate (dry basis), respectively. Total sugar concentration (cellobiose, glucose, xylose, arabinose) in the RH, RB, BSG, SW, and WW hydrolysates (with highest concentration of RS) is 56.54 ± 3.65, 42.99 ± 0.84, 72.18 ± 2.34, 42.48 ± 0.18, and 78.03 ± 3.06 gsugar kg−1substrate (dry basis). The total potential of bioethanol and biohydrogen production from the biomass assessed is 199.61 million L per year and 96.14 million m3 per year, respectively. Therefore, the assessed biomass is proved to be a potential biorefinery feedstock.
On the Role of Amides and Imides for Understanding GaN Syntheses from Ammonia Solution: Molecular Mechanics Models of Ammonia, Amide and Imide Interactions with Gallium Nitride
Authors: Wonglakhon Tanakorn , Zahn Dirk
Published: May 2022

A key requisite to characterizing GaN precipitation from ammonia solution from molecular simulations is the availability of reliable molecular mechanics models for the interactions of gallium ions with NH3, NH2−, and NH2− species, respectively. Here, we present a tailor‐made force field which is fully compatible to an earlier developed GaN model, thus bridging the analyses of Ga3+ ions in ammonia solution with the aggregation of [Gax(NH)y(NH2)z]+3x−2y−z precursors and the modelling of GaN crystals. For this, quantum mechanical characterization of a series of Ga‐coordination clusters is used for parameterization and benchmarking the generalized amber force field (GAFF2) and tailor‐made refinements needed to achieve good agreement of both structural features and formation energy, respectively. The perspectives of our models for larger scale molecular dynamics simulations are demonstrated by the analyses of amide and imide defects arrangement during the growth of GaN crystal faces.
The Hunter Falls Prey: Photoinduced Oxidation of C60 in Inclusion Complex with Perfluorocycloparaphenylene
Authors: Stasyuk Olga A. , Stasyuk Anton J. , Solà Miquel , Voityuk Alexander A.
Published: May 2022

Perfluorocycloparaphenylenes (PFCPPs) are cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) in which all hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine atoms. Like CPPs, PFCPPs are highly strained, hoop‐shaped π‐conjugated molecules. In this article, we report a computational modeling of photoinduced electron transfer processes in the inclusion complex of PF[10]CPP with C60 fullerene. Its unique feature is the favorable electron transfer from C60 to the host molecule. The photooxidation of C60 is predicted to occur on a sub‐nanosecond timescale. The PF[10]CPP⊃C60 dyad is the first nanoring‐fullerene complex in which C60 acts as an electron donor in the photoinduced charge separation.
E‐cigarette puffing topography: The importance of assessing user behaviour to inform emissions testing
Authors: Wadkin Rhys , Allen Chris , Fearon Ian M.
Published: May 2022

Analysis of the chemical composition of e‐cigarette emissions is an important step in determining whether e‐cigarettes offer both individual and population‐level harm reduction potential. Commonly, e‐cigarette emissions for chemical analysis are collected when using e‐cigarettes according to standardised puffing regimens, such as those recommended by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) or the Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA). While the use of such standard puffing regimens affords a degree of uniformity between studies and are also recommended by regulatory authorities who require the submission of e‐cigarette emissions data to make decisions regarding allowing a product to be commercially marketed, the standardised regimens do not necessarily reflect human puffing behaviour. This can lead to under‐ or over‐estimating real‐world emissions from e‐cigarettes and inaccuracy in determining their harm reduction potential. In this review, we describe how human puffing behaviour (topography) information can be collected both in the clinical laboratory and in the real world using a variety of different methodologies. We further discuss how this information can be used to dictate e‐cigarette puffing regimens for collecting emissions for chemical analyses and how this may lead to better predictions both of human yields of e‐cigarette emissions constituents and of risk assessments to predict e‐cigarette tobacco harm reduction potential.
Quantifying the temporal stability in seasonal habitat for sage‐grouse using regression and ensemble tree approaches
Authors: Row Jeffrey R. , Holloran Matthew J. , Fedy Bradley C.
Published: May 2022

Identifying and quantifying the extent to which landscape‐level habitat variables drive the spatial distribution of individuals across a region can provide fundamental insights into a species ecology and be essential to wildlife management and conservation plans. Although the preferences for habitat resources and the resources themselves are not static over time, most research at large spatial scales does not consider seasonal effects nor quantify annual temporal variability in the spatial distribution of habitat resources. In this study, we used a machine learning (boosted regression trees [BRTs]) and generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) approach to quantify seasonal habitat selection across three life stages (nest, late brood, and winter habitat) of sage‐grouse and estimated annual stability across a 13‐year dataset in south‐central Wyoming. Generalized linear mixed models had high area under the curve (AUC) values, but were not as high as the BRT models that had mean AUC values of 0.86, 0.81, and 0.87 for nest, late brood, and winter habitat, respectively. Generalized linear mixed models and BRT result provided similar results, but because of the higher validation values of the BRT models, we assessed annual variation by predicting the BRT models across years. We found significant spatial trends in the distribution of nesting habitat, with general decreases in the relative probability of use across the core of the study area and corresponding increases in selection on the periphery. The primary temporally shifting variables for the nesting BRT models were development, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, and topographic wetness, suggesting they were shifting out of preferable ranges for these variables as habitat suitability was decreased over the course of our study. Winter habitat appeared to have similar spatial changes in probability of selection, but these changes were likely related to changes in winter precipitation and snow depth, which were the primary contributors to the winter BRT models. The annual dynamics of habitat selection are seldom addressed in large‐scale research but can have potentially dramatic influences on our identification of preferred habitats.
Pyrazole and Indazole Semihemiporphyrazine Complexes of Rhenium Tricarbonyl: A Structure/Properties Study
Authors: Gaire Sanjay , Schrage Briana R. , Nemykin Victor N. , Ziegler Christopher J.
Published: May 2022

The semihemiporphyrazines are a class of ligands comprised of a heterocycle ring and an isoindoline unit linked through a bridging nitrogen atom. These bidentate ligands can be altered in the exocyclic heteroatom position on the isoindoline and in the identity of the heterocycle. Herein, we present a series of Re(CO)3X (X=Cl, Br, py) complexes of indazole and pyrazole‐based semihemiporphyrazines. Changing the ligand and the axial position at the metal alters the character of the complexes, including the structure, tautomerization and charge of the chelate. Modifications to the semihemiporphyrazine also alter the electronic structure of the resultant Re(CO)3 complexed as demonstrated in their UV‐visible spectra. In addition to full characterization, we carried out density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) to interrogate the electronic structures of these compounds.
A Homoleptic Alkynyl‐Protected Au(I)9‐Ag(I)9 Cluster: Structure Analysis, Optical Properties, and Catalytic Implications
Authors: Ma Guanyu , Tang Yun , Chen Leyi , Qin Lubing , Shen Quanli , Wang Likai , Tang Zhenghua
Published: May 2022

We report the structure analysis, optical property, and catalytic implications of homoleptic alkynyl‐protected Au(I)‐Ag(I) nanocluster, namely Au9Ag9(C≡CArF)18 (abbreviated as Au9 Ag9 hereafter). Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis disclosed that, the core of Au9Ag9 cluster features intriguing ichthyomorphic assembled structure driven by metallophilic interactions and Au‐acetylide linkages. The Au9Ag9 nanocluster is fluorescent in both solution and solid state, and it has much higher quantum yield in solid state. In the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) test, Au9Ag9 nanocluster exhibits a favorable overpotential of 274 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 99 mV dec−1, which markedly surpass than the [Au(C≡C‐ArF)]f and [Ag(C≡C‐ArF)]f control samples. Furthermore, Au9Ag9 nanocluster shows much higher activity than the other two to catalyze the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol.
BF3 Mediated [1,5]‐Hydride Shift Triggered Cyclization: Thioethers Join the Game
Authors: Zaitseva Elvira R. , Smirnov Alexander Yu. , Timashev Vladimir I. , Malyshev Vadim I. , Zhigileva Ekaterina A. , Mikhaylov Andrey A. , Medvedev Michael G. , Baleeva Nadezhda S. , Baranov Mikhail S.
Published: May 2022

2‐(2‐(Benzylthio)benzylidene)malonates can undergo the 1,5‐hydride shift triggered cyclization resulting in thiachromanes in 45–84 % yield. Boron trifluoride as a reaction promotor is the key to success. DFT calculations revealed that the reaction proceeds via a chelate BF2 complex, which was confirmed by NMR‐analysis. Experimental and theoretical comparison of nitrogen, sulfur and carbon analogues revealed that sulfur derivatives have the highest activation barrier for the hydride transfer due to the unfavorable transition state geometry, which explains the lack of previous reports on 1,5‐hydride shifts in (alkylthio)styrenes.
PP2 protects from keratin mutation–associated liver injury and filament disruption via SRC kinase inhibition in male but not female mice
Authors: Li Pei , Maitra Dhiman , Kuo Ning , Kwan Raymond , Song Yang , Tang Weiliang , Chen Lu , Xie Qing , Liu Li , Omary M. Bishr
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims:

Hepatocyte keratin polypeptides 8/18 (K8/K18) are unique among intermediate filaments proteins (IFs) in that their mutation predisposes to, rather than causes, human disease. Mice that overexpress human K18 R90C manifest disrupted hepatocyte keratin filaments with hyperphosphorylated keratins and predisposition to Fas‐induced liver injury. We hypothesized that high‐throughput screening will identify compounds that protect the liver from mutation‐triggered predisposition to injury.

Approach and Results:

Using A549 cells transduced with a lentivirus K18 construct and high‐throughput screening, we identified the SRC‐family tyrosine kinases inhibitor, PP2, as a compound that reverses keratin filament disruption and protects from apoptotic cell death caused by K18 R90C mutation at this highly conserved arginine. PP2 also ameliorated Fas‐induced apoptosis and liver injury in male but not female K18 R90C mice. The PP2 male selectivity is due to its lower turnover in male versus female livers. Knockdown of SRC but not another kinase target of PP2, protein tyrosine kinase 6, in A549 cells abrogated the hepatoprotective effect of PP2. Phosphoproteomic analysis and validation showed that the protective effect of PP2 associates with Ser/Thr but not Tyr keratin hypophosphorylation, and differs from the sex‐independent effect of the Ser/Thr kinase inhibitor PKC412. Inhibition of RAF kinase, a downstream target of SRC, by vemurafenib had a similar protective effect to PP2 in A549 cells and male K18 R90C mice.

Conclusions:

PP2 protects, in a male‐selective manner, keratin mutation‐induced mouse liver injury by inhibiting SRC‐triggered downstream Ser/Thr phosphorylation of K8/K18, which is phenocopied by RAF kinase inhibitor vemurafenib. The PP2/vemurafenib‐associated findings, and their unique mechanisms of action, further support the potential role of select kinase inhibition as therapeutic opportunities for keratin and other IF‐associated human diseases.
Mammographic mass recognition using feature reuse and channel attention mechanism
Authors: Pan Ansi , Xu Shengzhou
Published: May 2022

Mass recognition is one of the important steps in early diagnosis for breast cancer. However, one of the major issues in mass recognition is low sensitivity. In this study, a novel convolutional neural network using feature reuse and channel attention mechanism is proposed and evaluated for mass recognition in mammograms. To improve representational power of network, our model takes advantage of two advanced techniques: one is feature reuse for exploiting the potential of the network through directing connections, and the other is the channel attention mechanism for modelling the interdependencies between channels by integrating the channel‐wise information. The performance of our model is evaluated on DDSM and the values of the evaluation are 92.05%, 91.25%, 91.25%, 92.71%, 0.91 and 0.96 in terms of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, F1_score and AUC, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model to mass recognition task in mammograms.
LINC00941 promoted in vitro progression and glycolysis of laryngocarcinoma by upregulating PKM via activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Li Zhihai , Jin Qiaozhi , Sun Yana
Published: May 2022

Background

LINC00941 has been proved to be related to various tumors, but its relationship with laryngocarcinoma remains vague.

Methods

LINC00941 expression in laryngocarcinoma tumor and laryngocarcinoma cells was determined by real time‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Besides, the five‐year survival of laryngocarcinoma patients with different LINC00941 expression was analyzed with Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and the clinical characteristics of laryngocarcinoma patients were also recorded. After transfection, cell viability, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, and invasion were detected by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), colony formation, flow cytometry, cell scratch, and Transwell assays, respectively. Glycolysis was assessed by the colorimetric method. Expressions of proliferation‐associated proteins, migration‐associated proteins, glycolysis‐associated proteins, and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway‐associated proteins were detected by Western blot.

Results

In laryngocarcinoma tumor tissues and cells, LINC00941 was highly expressed. High expression of LINC00941 decreased the 5‐year survival of laryngocarcinoma patients, and it was positively related to lymph node metastasis and clinical stages. LINC00941 overexpression decreased apoptosis but promoted cell viability, proliferation, cell‐cycle progression, migration, and invasion, and glucose consumption and lactate production in laryngocarcinoma cells. Moreover, LINC00941 overexpression elevated expressions of Ki‐67, PCNA, MMP2, N‐Cadherin, HK2, PFKFB4, and PKM, activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway but reduced E‐Cadherin expression, while LINC00941 silencing had the opposite effects. PKM overexpression reversed the effects of LINC00941 silencing on cellular and glycolytic phenotypes.

Conclusion

LINC00941 promoted in vitro progression and glycolysis of laryngocarcinoma cells by upregulating PKM via activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.1 variant breakthrough infections in nursing home residents after an homologous third dose of the Comirnaty® COVID‐19 vaccine: Looking for correlates of protection
Authors: Torres Ignacio , Giménez Estela , Albert Eliseo , Zulaica Joao , Álvarez‐Rodríguez Beatriz , Burgos Javier S. , Peiró Salvador , Limón Ramón , Vanaclocha Hermelinda , Rodado Celia , Botija Pilar , Sifre Amelia , Tur Borja , Lozano Rosa Andrés , Orosa Iria , Vicente‐Ruiz MªÁngeles , Carrión Ramón J. , Clari Maria Á. , Sánchez‐Payá José , Díez‐Domingo Javier , Comas Iñaki , González‐Candelas Fernando , Geller Ron , Navarro David ,   the Valencian vaccine research program (ProVaVac) study group
Published: May 2022

We investigated whether peripheral blood levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike (S) receptor binding domain antibodies (anti‐RBD), neutralizing antibodies (NtAb) targeting Omicron S, and S‐reactive‐interferon (IFN)‐γ‐producing CD4+and CD8+T cells measured after a homologous booster dose (3D) with the Comirnaty® vaccine was associated with the likelihood of subsequent breakthrough infections due to the Omicron variant. An observational study including 146 nursing home residents (median age, 80 years; range, 66–99; 109 female) evaluated for an immunological response after 3D (at a median of 16 days). Anti‐RBD total antibodies were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. NtAb were quantified by an Omicron S pseudotyped virus neutralization assay. SARS‐CoV‐2‐S specific‐IFNγ‐producing CD4+and CD8+T cells were enumerated by whole‐blood flow cytometry for intracellular cytokine staining. In total, 33/146 participants contracted breakthrough Omicron infection (symptomatic in 30/33) within 4 months after 3D. Anti‐RBD antibody levels were comparable in infected and uninfected participants (21 123 vs. 24 723 BAU/ml;p = 0.34). Likewise, NtAb titers (reciprocal IC50titer, 157 vs. 95;p = 0.32) and frequency of virus‐reactive CD4+(p = 0.82) and CD8+(p = 0.91) T cells were similar across participants in both groups. anti‐RBD antibody levels and NtAb titers estimated at around the time of infection were also comparable (3445 vs. 4345 BAU/ml;p = 0.59 and 188.5 vs. 88.9;p = 0.70, respectively). Having detectable NtAb against Omicron or SARS‐CoV‐2‐S‐reactive‐IFNγ‐producing CD4+or CD8+T cells after 3D was not correlated with increased protection from breakthrough infection (OR, 1.50;p = 0.54; OR, 0.0;p = 0.99 and OR 3.70;p = 0.23, respectively). None of the immune parameters evaluated herein, including NtAb titers against the Omicron variant, may reliably predict at the individual level the risk of contracting COVID‐19 due to the Omicron variant in nursing home residents.
Frequency and distribution of H1N1 influenza A viruses with oseltamivir‐resistant mutations worldwide before and after the 2009 pandemic
Authors: Zhang Weixu , Xu Hefeng , Guan Shuxuan , Wang Chengmin , Dong Guoying
Published: May 2022

H1N1 influenza has brought serious threats to people's health and a high socioeconomic burden to society. Oseltamivir, a kind of neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor, is the second‐generation specific drug that is broadly used currently. However, H1N1 influenza viruses have exhibited oseltamivir resistance in the past decades, which might be a hidden danger. To understand the frequency and distribution laws of oseltamivir‐resistant viruses, we conducted a thorough and deep analysis of the available NA protein sequences of H1N1 influenza viruses worldwide from 1918 to 2020. The differences and similarities before and after 2009 were also considered since the dominant viruses changed in this period. Results showed that 3.76% of H1N1 viruses harbored oseltamivir resistance currently. Among various significative mutations, H274Y had the highest frequency of 3.30%, while the frequencies of the other mutations were far below this whether before or after 2009. The oseltamivir resistance was mainly found in three hosts, humans, swine, and avian. Different mutation sites could exhibit different distributions in each host. Our results showed that the resistance level reached a peak during the 2007–2008 influenza season and then quickly decreased in 2009. The resistance also displayed a global distribution. The densely populated countries usually had a high resistance level. However, frequent significative mutations were also found in some small countries. Our findings indicated the necessity of monitoring oseltamivir resistance around the world. The study could provide a unique perspective toward the cognition of viruses and facilitate the future study of both pandemic and drug development.
Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine in people living with HIV: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Cai Shaohang , Liao Guichan , Yu Tao , Gao Qiqing , Zou Lirong , Zhang Huan , Xu Xuwen , Chen Juanjuan , Lu Aili , Wu Yingsong , Li Baisheng , Peng Jie
Published: May 2022

We aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of an inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine in people living with HIV (PLWH). A total of 143 PLWH and 50 healthy individuals were included in this study. A commercially available magnetic chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay kit was used to detect serum IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2. Serum levels of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific IgG were significantly higher in the control group than in the PLWH group (p = 0.001). Overall, 76% of individuals in the control group were detected with seropositivity IgG against SARS‐CoV‐2 compared to 58% in the PLWH group (p = 0.024). In PLWH with IgG seropositivity, CD4+ T‐cell counts before antiretroviral therapy (ART) was higher (p = 0.015). Multivariable analysis indicated that CD4+ T cells at IgG detection (odds ratio [OR] = 1.004, p = 0.006) and time after vaccination (OR = 0.977, p = 0.014) were independently associated with seropositivity IgG against SARS‐CoV‐2 in PLWH. Neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers in PLWH against wild‐type SARS‐CoV‐2 were similar to those in the control group (p = 0.160). The proportion of seropositive nAbs against wild‐type SARS‐CoV‐2 was also similar (95% in the control group vs. 97% in the PLWH group, p = 0.665). Similar results were obtained when nAb was detected against the delta variants with similar titers (p = 0.355) and a similar proportion of seropositive nAbs were observed (p = 0.588). All the side effects observed in our study were mild and self‐limiting. The inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine appears to be safe with good immunogenicity in Chinese PLWH.
Risk Factors For Hearing Decline From Childhood To Early Adolescence
Authors: Paping Danique E. , Oosterloo Berthe C. , El Marroun Hanan , Homans Nienke C. , Baatenburg de Jong Rob J. , van der Schroeff Marc P. , Vroegop Jantien L.
Published: May 2022

Objective

To identify risk factors of hearing decline between 9 and 13 years of age. The risk factors examined included sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle‐related factors.

Methods

This study was embedded within a population‐based prospective cohort study from fetal life onwards in the Netherlands. Pure‐tone audiometry and tympanometry were performed at the age of 9 and 13 years. The hearing decline was defined as an increase in low‐frequency or high‐frequency pure‐tone average of at least 5 dB in one of both ears. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the association of possible risk factors with hearing decline. The study was conducted from April 2012 to October 2015, and from April 2016 to September 2019.

Results

Of the 3,508 participants included, 7.8% demonstrated a hearing decline in the low frequencies, and 11.3% in the high frequencies. Participants who reported alcohol consumption were more likely to have a hearing decline in the low frequencies (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1; 2.0). Moreover, a lower educational level was associated with an increased odds of having a hearing decline in the high frequencies (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0; 1.8). Age, sex, household income, personal music player use, and body mass index were not associated with hearing decline.

Conclusion

Educational level and risky behavior were significantly associated with hearing decline from childhood to early adolescence. The findings of the present study can help in the design of public health interventions to prevent hearing loss at a young age.

Level of Evidence

2 (prospective cohort study) Laryngoscope, 133:389–395, 2023
Invisible NIR Spectral Imaging and Laser‐Induced Thermal Imaging of Na(Nd/Y)F4@glass with Opposite Effect for Optical Security
Authors: Wang Shaoxiong , Zhu Jiwen , He Youwu , Li Zhifang , Lin Jidong , Liao Shengxiang , Huang Feng , Huang Ping , Zheng Yuanhui , Li Xiaoyan , Chen Daqin
Published: May 2022

Currently, advanced optical security techniques are imminent in response to the increasingly rampant counterfeit and pirated goods on a global scale. Herein, hexagonal Na(NdxY1−x)F4 (x = 0–1) solid‐solution nanocrystals (NCs) embedded glasses are successfully fabricated via in situ glass crystallization. Benefited from the protection of inorganic glass, Na(NdxY1−x)F4 NCs exhibit superior long‐term stability and can endure high‐power 808 nm laser irradiation. Importantly, opposite variations between near‐infrared (NIR) luminescence and laser‐induced temperature can be detected for the nanocomposites, which are sensitive to Nd3+ doping concentration. As a proof‐of‐concept experiment, Nd3+ concentration dependent anti‐counterfeiting patterns with high‐concealment and high‐precision are designed and show bright emission and dimmish thermal images in Nd3+‐tenuous composites under the irradiation of 808 nm laser, while opposite displays can be achieved in Nd3+‐enriched one. This kind of information encryption triggered by a commercial single light source to achieve dual opposing displays in one material can effectively improve security in anti‐counterfeiting.
NIR Responsive Injectable Nanocomposite Thermogel System Against Osteosarcoma Recurrence
Authors: Guo Ranran , Zhang Peng , Liu Jianing , Xie Ruihong , Wang Leyu , Cai Liu , Qiu Xiaozhong , Sang Hongxun
Published: May 2022

Compared to traditional postoperative radiation and chemotherapy, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy demonstrates superiority by provoking own immune system to cure cancer completely even for some terminally ill patients. However, systemic administration of ICB is liable to cause severe immunity inflammation or immune storm. Here, an injectable, near infrared (NIR) responsive, multifunctional nanocomposite thermogel as a local ICB delivery system for cancer postsurgical therapy is proposed. By copolymerization of thermosensitive and zwitterionic monomer, the injectable thermogel with adjustable sol–gel transition temperature is obtained. Afterward, combined with functional mesoporous nanoparticles, the platform can absorb NIR light and transfer it into heat. The generated heat will promote retro Diels–Alder (D‐A) reaction to degrade coating layer on nanoparticle, achieving NIR controlled ICB release. Furthermore, the local ICB delivery system is applied on an osteosarcoma postsurgical recurrence model and results indicate the platform with favorable biocompatibility can avoid early leakage of cargos and greatly increase drug content at tumor site. Besides, long‐term controlled ICB release of the system effectively improves the amount of active T cells, resulting in excellent antitumor recurrence effect. Overall, this work suggests the local injectable nanocomposite thermogel is expected to be a promising tool for cancer postoperative therapy.
Risk of delirium associated with antimuscarinics in older adults: A case‐time‐control study
Authors: Nishtala Prasad S. , Chyou Te‐Yuan
Published: May 2022

Background

Older adults are at an increased risk of delirium because of age, polypharmacy, multiple comorbidities and acute illness. Antimuscarinics are the backbone of the pharmacological management of overactive bladder. However, the safety profiles of antimuscarinics vary because of their dissimilarities to muscarinic receptor‐subtype affinities and are associated with differential central anticholinergic adverse effects.

Objective

This study aimed to examine delirium risk in new users of oxybutynin and solifenacin in older adults (≥ 65 years). In the secondary analyses, we examined the risk of delirium by type and dose of antimuscarinic.

Method

We applied a case‐time‐control design to investigate delirium risk in older adults who started taking oxybutynin and solifenacin. We used a nationwide inpatient hospital data (2005–2016), National Minimum Data Set, maintained by the Ministry of Health, New Zealand (NZ), to identify older adults with a new‐onset diagnosis of delirium. Eligible patients were older adults aged 65 at entry into the cohort on 1/1/2006. We used dispensing claims data to determine antimuscarinic treatment exposure. The antimuscarinic included in the study were new users of oxybutynin and solifenacin. These two antimuscarinics are subsidised by the Pharmaceutical Management Agency and are the most frequently used antimuscarinic in NZ. A conditional logistic regression model was used to compute matched odds ratios (MORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In the case‐time‐control design, we made separate analyses to evaluate the dose–response risk of delirium.

Results

We identified 4818 individuals (mean age 82.14) from 2005 to 2015 with incident delirium and were exposed to at least one of the antimuscarinic of interest. The case‐time‐control matched odds ratio (MOR) for delirium with oxybutynin was (2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–3.96). Solifenacin was not associated with delirium (0.89 95%CI 0.64–1.23). In the sensitivity analyses, the case‐time‐control MOR for delirium using a shorter risk period (0–3 days) did not change the results. The dose–response risk of delirium was significant for oxybutynin (0.05, 95%CI 0.02–0.08) but not for solifenacin (−0.01, 95%CI −0.03 to 0.00). In addition, in the subgroup analyses, a statistically significant association of delirium was found for oxybutynin but not for solifenacin in the non‐dementia cohort (2.11,95% CI 1.08–4.13) and the dementia cohort (1.25, 95%CI 0.05–26.9).

Conclusion

The study found that oxybutynin but not solifenacin is associated with a risk of new‐onset delirium in older adults. The higher blockade of M1 and M2 receptors by oxybutynin is likely to contribute to delirium than solifenacin, which is highly selective for the M3 receptor subtype. Therefore, the treatment choice with an M3 selective agent must be given due consideration, particularly in those with pre‐existing cognitive impairment.
In situ constructed Ti3C2Tx MXene/polypyrrole composite with enhanced sodium storage capacity for efficient hybrid capacitive deionization
Authors: Tang Jian , Chen Zeqiu , Chen Yaoyu , Xu Xingtao , Zhu Jing , Lu Ting , Pan Likun
Published: May 2022

Two‐dimensional layered material Ti3C2Tx MXene is considered an excellent capacitive deionization (CDI) electrode material due to its two‐dimensional structure and high conductivity. However, the self‐stacking of MXene limits its structural stability and effective ion accommodation in CDI field. In this work, Ti3C2Tx MXene/polypyrrole (PPy) is synthesized by in situ polymerization of conductive PPy on the surface of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets. The hybrid not only effectively alleviates the self‐stacking of MXene to improve the structure stability, but also combines the high conductivity of MXene and the excellent electrochemical capacity of PPy. Therefore, when used as HCDI electrode, Ti3C2Tx MXene/PPy displays an excellent desalination performance including a high desalination capacity of 50.64 mg g−1, a superior desalination rate of 16.5 mg g−1 min−1 and excellent cycling stability. Ti3C2Tx/PPy should be a very promising electrode material for highly efficient desalination.
Iridescent Daytime Radiative Cooling with No Absorption Peaks in the Visible Range
Authors: Ding Zhenmin , Pattelli Lorenzo , Xu Hongbo , Sun Wenhai , Li Xin , Pan Lei , Zhao Jiupeng , Wang Chengyu , Zhang Xiang , Song Ying , Qiu Jun , Li Yao , Yang Ronggui
Published: May 2022

Coatings for passive radiative cooling applications must be highly reflected in the solar spectrum, and thus can hardly support any coloration without losing their functionality. In this work, a colorful daytime radiative cooling surface based on structural coloration is reported. A designed radiative cooler with a bioinspired array of truncated SiO2 microcones is manufactured via a self‐assembly method and reactive ion etching. Complemented with a silver reflector, the radiative cooler exhibits broadband iridescent coloration due to the scattering induced by the truncated microcone array while maintaining an average reflectance of 95% in the solar spectrum and a high thermal emissivity (ε) of 0.95, owing to the reduced impedance mismatch provided by the patterned surface at infrared wavelengths, reaching an estimated cooling power of ≈143 W m–2 at an ambient temperature of 25 °C and a measured average temperature drop of 7.1 °C under direct sunlight. This strong cooling performance is attributed to its bioinspired surface pattern, which promotes both the aesthetics and cooling capacity of the daytime radiative cooler.
Advanced Lithium Primary Batteries: Key Materials, Research Progresses and Challenges
Authors: Liu Yan , Su Meng‐Yuan , Gu Zhen‐Yi , Zhang Kai‐Yang , Wang Xiao‐Tong , Du Miao , Guo Jin‐Zhi , Wu Xing‐Long
Published: May 2022

In recent years, with the vigorous development and gradual deployment of new energy vehicles, more attention has been paid to the research on lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Compared with the booming LIBs, lithium primary batteries (LPBs) own superiority in specific energy and self‐discharge rate and are usually applied in special fields such as medical implantation, aerospace, and military. Widespread application in special fields also means more stringent requirements for LPBs in terms of energy density, working temperature range and shelf life. Therefore, how to obtain LPBs with high energy density, wide operational temperature range and long storage life is of great importance in future development. In view of the above, this paper reviews the latest research on LPBs in cathode, anode and electrolyte over the years, and puts forward relevant insights for LPBs, along with the intention to explore avenues for the design of LPBs components in the coming decades and promote further development in this field.