bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traces of Culture: The Feedback Loop Between Behavior, Brain, and Disorder
Authors: Crafa Daina , Nagel Saskia K.
Published: January 2020

Culture is part of an extensive series of feedback loops, which involve multiple organismic levels including social contexts, cognitive mediations, neural processes, and behavior. Recent studies in neuroscience show that culturally contingent social processes shape some neural pathways. Studying the influence of cultural context on neural processes may yield new insights into psychiatric disorders. New methodologies in the neurosciences offer innovative ways to assess the impact of culture on mental health and illness. However, implementing these methodologies raises important theoretical and ethical concerns, which must be resolved to address patient individuality and the complexity of cultural diversity. This paper discusses cultural context as a major influence on (and consequence of) human neural plasticity and advocates a culture-brain-behavior (CBB) interaction model for conceptualizing the relationship between culture, brain, and psychiatric disorders. Recommendations are made for integrating neuroscientific techniques into transcultural psychiatric research by taking a systems approach to evaluating disorders.
Calzada, I. & Cobo, C. (2015), Unplugging: Deconstructing the Smart City. Journal of Urban Technology 22(1): 23-43. DOI: 10.1080/10630732.2014.971535.
Authors: Calzada Igor
Published: January 2020

This paper explores the subtle notion of unplugging to critically analyze thetechnological determinism of the Smart City. This exploration suggests that being digitally connected should not be perceived as gaining social capital. This article critiques the assumptions of the Smart City and proposes a 10-dimension conceptual framework. The first section of this article explores hyper-connected societies and how unplugging could be beneficial. The main subjects, Digital Natives, are discussed in the second section of this article. The third section is a decalogue on deconstructing the Smart City, and the final section presents key ideas and questions for future analysis.
Measuring social origin, cognitive ability and educational attainment in the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE)
Authors: Bourne Mollie , Betthäuser Bastian Andreas , Bukodi Erzsebet
Published: January 2020

This data note presents and discussed descriptive statistics of the key variables on individuals’ social origin, cognitive ability and educational attainment that have been constructed based on the information contained in the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE). The main sets of variables presented are (1) measures of respondents’ cognitive ability in childhood, (2) parental education, class, status and income, and (3) respondents’ highest qualification and measures indicating whether respondents have crossed different educational qualification thresholds.
Primary Salivary Gland Tumors- A two years study at Nobel Medical College
Authors: Nepal Niraj , Choudhary Prabesh Kumar , Das Manish Kumar , Basnet Meenakshi , Paudel Sagar
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Salivary gland tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that are relatively rare but represent a wide variety of both benign and malignant histopathologic subtypes. The aim of this study was to find out the histopathological distribution of primary salivary gland tumors and correlate fine needle aspiration cytology reports with histological findings.Materials and Methods: A total of 83 patients attending the otorhinolaryngology department with salivary gland tumors were enrolled in our study. The histopathological findings were reported and correlated with cytological findings.Results: The mean age of the patient with salivary tumors was 43.11 ± 13.02 years. Out of 83 cases, 3 (3.6%) patients were diagnosed as inflammatory lesions, 64 (77.1%) patients had benign salivary gland tumors and 16 (19.3%) of patients had malignant salivary glands tumors in histopathology. The sensitivity and specificity of FNAC in this series for detecting salivary gland malignancy were 68.8% and 98.5% respectively with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 92.8%. The most common salivary gland tumor was found to be pleomorphic adenoma (56.6%) and the most common malignant salivary gland tumor was found to be mucoepidermoid carcinoma (19.3%). The comparison of the incidence of salivary gland tumors in various age groups showed a statisticallysignificant difference (p=0.009). 
Conclusions: Benign salivary tumors are more common than malignant tumors with the most common occurrence in parotid glands. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor whereas; mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in patients visiting Nobel medical college.
Epidemiological Profile and Determinants of Tuberculosis in Urban Nepalese Population
Authors: Bhatta Subash , Pant Nayana
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Tuberculosis has evolved through ages to remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite having a very successful Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course program, tuberculosis is still one of the most widespread infections in Nepal. This study was done to observe the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis patients in an urban Nepalese population.Materials and Methods: 585 newly diagnosed cases of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in two tertiary level hospitals in the country were enrolled in the study during a period of 18months. A standard questionnaire was formatted and the required information was acquired with the help of interview and investigation reports.Results: The mean age of presentation was 35.76 with a male to female ratio of 1.48:1.57% of the cases had less than primary education with 26 % being illiterates. The most commonly involved occupational group was farmers (22%) followed by students (20%) and laborers (14%). 22% of cases had a history of contact with tuberculosis in the family. 41 % were smokers and 18 % abused alcohol. Pulmonary tuberculosis comprised 68% of the total cases. The most common extrapulmonary presentation was lymph node TB (28%) followed by pleural effusion (21.5%) and tubercular meningitis (16%).Conclusions: Young people with lower literacy levels and with a family history of tuberculosis are at increased risk of acquiring tuberculosis and community approaches for tuberculosis control should target this group to reduce the burden of the disease
An Unusual Case of Wart-like Presentation of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
Authors: Shrestha Nirsara , Shrestha Sangeeta , Shrestha Arjun
Published: January 2020

The ocular surface squamous neoplasia refers to the entire spectrum ranging from mild to severe dysplasia to carcinoma in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Ocular surface squamous neoplasia may present clinically in various ways: gelatinous, velvety or papilliform or leukoplakic. This case report describes a 50-year-old male who presented with a filiform wart-like appearance of conjunctival mass unlike described earlier. Excisional biopsy was done and histopathology revealed intraepithelial neoplasia with high-grade dysplasia.
Antibiogram and Biofilm Formation among Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Pradhan Roshani Nhuchhen , Madhup Surendra Kumar , Pant Shyam Prasad
Published: January 2020

Objectives: This cross-sectional study was designed to detect the carbapenemase producing K. pneumoniae along with biofilm producers from different clinical specimens and to compare antibiotic susceptibility pattern of biofilm producing carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and biofilm non-producing carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Methods: A total of 1475 non-repetitive clinical samples were included on this study. Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing (AST), Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and Modified Carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) were performed for detection of carbapenemase production and Congo red agar method (CRA) along with Microtitre plate method were performed for detecting biofilm production.

Results: Among the clinical specimens cultured, growth positivity was 62.71%. E. coli was most predominant organism followed by K. pneumoniae (17.89%). Among the 110 K. pneumoniae, 57 were found to be carbapenemase producer. Majority of the carbapenemase producing K. pneumoniae were isolated from sputum (45.61%), in the specimen collected from age group 61-70 (28.07%) and in out-patient department (50.88%). Similarly, 65.45% K. pneumoniae out of 110 were found to be biofilm producer by Congo red agar method while among those 72, 73.59% isolates were found to be quantitatively biofilm producer in Microtitre plate assay. Out of 57 carbapenemase producer, 35.08% were strongly biofilm producer while among 53 carbapenemase non-producer 30.18% were strongly biofilm producer from Congo red agar method. Moreover, Microtitre plate assay evidenced that, out of 57 carbapenemase producer, 40.35% were highly biofilm producing and among the 15 carbapenemase nonproducer 66.66% were highly biofilm producer. 

Conclusion: Biofilm formation is highly prevalent with varying degree of resistance among different antibiotics including carbapenems that further augments antibiotic resistance. The study showed carbapenemase producers are stronger biofilm producer than the non-carbapenemase producer. Therefore, it is recommended to identify biofilm formation among carbapenemase producers for effective choice of antibiotics.
Comparison of Biofilm Producing and Non-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Urine Samples of Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital of Morang, Nepal
Authors: Tumbahangphe Manita , Shrestha Bijay Kumar , Shakya Jenish , Khanal Hemanta
Published: January 2020

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli among urinary tract infection (UTI) suspected patients visiting tertiary care hospital and to assess the biofilm producing ability of E. coli isolates.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in Biratnagar Metropolitan city, Eastern Nepal from December 2018 to May 2019. During the study 400 urine samples were collected from UTI suspected patients visiting a tertiary care hospital of Biratnagar. Urine samples were cultured by using semi-quantitative culture technique and identified. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion method according to CLSI (2011) guidelines. Biofilm assays were performed by microtitre plate method.

Results: This study reported 15% prevalence of E. coli out of 400 urine samples. 100% of E. coli isolates showed resistance to both Ampicillin and Amoxicillin while 100% were sensitive to Chloramphenicol. 70% (42/60) isolates were Multi Drug Resistance (MDR)E. coli. The maximum isolates (86.66%) were found to be biofilm producers by microtitre plate method. Resistance to other antibiotics such as Nalidixic acid (71.11% vs 46.66%), Norfloxacin (53.33% vs 46.66%), Cotrimoxazole (42.22% vs 26.66%) was comparatively higher among biofilm producers than non-biofilm producers. There was a significance of association between biofilm and MDR (p<0.05).

Conclusion: There is relation between the ability of biofilm formation and drug resistance in the bacterium resulting to the failure of antibacterial drugs.
Effective use of Penicillin to Improve Culture Yield for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Pradhan Sneha , Ghimire Gokarna Raj , Shrestha Shova
Published: January 2020

Objective: To compare LJ media and LJ media with penicillin for the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and contamination, in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) suspected patients.

Methods: A total of 300 PTB suspected cases at National Tuberculosis center (NTC) for analyzed for culture and contamination. Early morning sputum samples were collected in sterile leak-proof falcon tube. Digestion, decontamination and homogenization of sputum were done using NALC-NaOH (Modified Petroff method). The sputum sample was processed on LJ media and penicillin added LJ media and incubated at 37. Cultures were examined after 8 weeks.

Results: All the PTB suspected cases were compared in LJ media and LJ media with penicillin, 29.7% (89) were positive, 21% (63) were contaminated on LJ media whereas 41% (123) were positive, 3.7 % (11) were contaminated on penicillin added LJ media. Also, 25 (8%) were 1+ grading, 14 (4.7%) were 2+ grading, whereas 81 (27%) and 45 (15%) were 3+ grading LJ + Penicillin and LJ media respectively.

Conclusion: Contamination was reduced by 17.3% with the addition of penicillin to LJ media. And isolation of total positive cultures was enhanced by 11.3%.
Urinary Tract Infection among Patients Visiting Ganesh Man Singh Memorial Hospital and Research Center, Lalitpur, Nepal
Authors: Dhungana Janak Raj , Budhathoki Aruna , Poudel Goma , Basnet Jyotika , Shah Ravi
Published: January 2020

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and antibiotic sensitivity pattern among the suspected UTI cases visiting at Ganeshman Singh Memorial Hospital Lalitpur, Nepal.

Methods: A total of 300 mid-stream urine, catheter and suprapubic aspirate from UTI suspected patients were included and processed for routine microscopy and culture and then identified by standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method.

Results: Out of 300 samples, 55(84.6%) mid-stream urine and 10(15.4%) catheter sample had significant bacterial growth. E. coli (32,49.2%) was the most common isolate followed by Staphylococcus aureus (10,15.3%), Enterobacter spp. (8,12.3%), Klebsiella spp. (7,10.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3,4.6%), Proteus spp.  (3,4.6%), Acinetobacter spp. (1,1.5%) and Enterococcus spp. (1,1.5%). Most of the Gram-negative bacterial isolates were sensitive to Ceftriaxone (88.8%) followed by Gentamicin (72.2%), and Nitrofurantoin (64.8%) and resistant to Amoxicilin (68.5%) followed by Nalidixic Acid (53.7%). Gram positive isolates were sensitive to Amikacin (72.7%) followed by Imipenem (63.6%) and Gentamicin (63.6%) whereas resistant to Amoxycilin (72.7%) and Ciprofloxacin (63.63%).

Conclusion: The main cause of the UTIs was found as Gram negative bacteria. Prescription of antibiotics based on susceptibility tests would help in reduction of antibiotic resistance.
Microorganisms for Improved Crop Production and Better Human Health in Nepal
Authors: Banjara Megha Raj
Published: January 2020

In 2018, Nepal’s 27.6% gross domestic product is contributed by agriculture. The agricultural practices in the country are traditional and productivity is not an optimum level as expected. Nepal imports agricultural products of about Rs. 80 billions from the other countries. Current agricultural practices in Nepal depend on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. These chemicals have deleterious effects on nutritional value of crops and farmers and to consumers. Further, these chemicals in agriculture have resulted adverse effect on ecology, environmental contamination, accumulation of these toxic compounds in soil. These have led a demand for technologies of improving both the quantity and quality of agricultural products. To meet the demand of the growing population, the productivity need to be increased significantly.

There are very limited industries in Nepal producing biopesticides, microbial biofertilizers that can be used for increased agricultural production. Biofertilizers, biopesticides, and biocontrol agents are the alternatives to chemical agents. Microorganisms applied to soil or plant improve the productivity. These microorganisms are natural and widely used to control pests and protect human health. Microbial inoculants such as bacteria, fungi, virus and algae which are environment-friendly and can be used in sustainable manner. Therefore, farmers should be made aware of these microbial technologies and academic sector should be involved to develop these agents. Government sector, academia and industry collaboration in public private partnership model could help to move these activities further.
Percepcija neranjivosti, upuštanje u rizična ponašanja i zadovoljstvo životom kod srednjoškolaca
Authors: Milić Marija , Vlajčić Ružica-Marija , Križanić Valerija
Published: January 2020

Osjećaj neranjivosti često se povezuje isključivo s rizičnim ponašanjem adolescenata. No, prema nekim razvojnim teorijama, ona je također i adaptivan odgovor na razvojne zadatke koji se javljaju u tom životnom razdoblju. Cilj ovoga rada bio je istražiti dva aspekta osjećaja neranjivosti (fizičke i psihološke) na uzorku srednjoškolaca. Preciznije, istražen je odnos fizičke i psihološke neranjivosti s upuštanjem u rizična ponašanja (konzumacijom cigareta) s jedne strane, te pokazateljima subjektivne dobrobiti (zadovoljstvo životom) s druge strane. U radu su analizirani podatci 297 sudionika dobi od 16 do 20 godina (M=17,33 %; SD = 0,834; 54,2 % djevojaka). Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da su se mladići procjenjivali fizički i psihološki neranjivijim od djevojaka. Adolescenti koji puše, procjenjivali su svoju fizičku neranjivost većom od adolescenata koji su prestali pušiti, koji su samo probali pušiti i onih koji nikada nisu pušili. Dok fizička neranjivost nije povezana s procjenama na većini domena zadovoljstva životom, psihološka je pozitivno povezana sa svim domenama kao i s općim životnim zadovoljstvom. Utvrđeni rezultati također pokazuju da procjena psihološke neranjivosti u većoj mjeri pridonosi objašnjenju zadovoljstva životom od procjene fizičke neranjivosti, dok je fizička neranjivost značajan prediktor čestine pušenja adolescenata. Rezultati ovog istraživanja upućuju na značaj i važnost obiju domena neranjivosti u razdoblju adolescencije.
Prevencija emocionalnog zlostavljanja djece u visokokonfliktnim razvodima roditelja
Authors: Roje Đapić Mia , Buljan Flander Gordana
Published: January 2020

Razvod ili razdvajanje roditelja pogađa velik broj djece i mladih, a procjenjuje se da je svaki treći razvod roditelja visokokonfliktan, odnosno da se sukob roditelja s vremenom ne smanjuje, nego perzistira ili čak ojačava. Istraživanja i klinička praksa dosljedno upozoravaju na rizike za djecu u visokokonfliktnom razvodu roditelja, koja se često nađu u središtu njihova sukoba, a time su u riziku od emocionalnog zlostavljanja, bilo da se radi o otuđenju, neprimjerenim pritiscima i/ili manipulaciji djecom jednoga ili obojih roditelja. Od svih oblika zlostavljanja, emocionalno zlostavljanje najmanje je istraženo i u
svijetu postoji mal broj sustavnih programa koji bi se bavili njegovom prevencijom. Posljedice emocionalnog zlostavljanja jednake su kao i posljedice drugih oblika zlostavljanja, kratkoročno, dugoročno, pa i transgeneracijski, te uključuju brojne negativne ishode za mentalno zdravlje, socijalno funkcioniranje i probleme u ponašanju. U Hrvatskoj ne postoji sustavna prevencija emocionalnog zlostavljanja djece, a da je posebice specifično usmjerena na djecu u razvodima roditelja. U ovom
radu razmatraju se mogući razlozi, postojeći programi u Europi, mogućnost njihove implementacije, sustavne i nesustavne mjere u Hrvatskoj te se predlažu daljnji koraci u razvoju sustavne prevencije te problematike na svim razinama putem intervencijskog spektra.
A Truth That Can Save Us? On Critical Theory, Revelation, and Climate Change
Authors: Martinson Mattias
Published: January 2020

In this article, I perform an experimental discussion of questions concerning revelation and truth in relation to the climate crisis. The concern is not revelation in any determinate theological sense but rather an attempt to reach for a perspective on truth that understands it as something that ruptures and disturbs the way we tend to think. I take my point of departure in a series of thinkers such as Horkheimer, Adorno, and Foucault. The key turn of the argument, however, is to confront the critical theoretical discourse of these thinkers with Schelling’s notion of positive philosophy, which offers an interesting alternative perspective on the question of existence and truth compared with standard forms of critical theory. In view of Schelling’s positive philosophy, I argue that his reflection on revelation is meaningful to revisit in relation to the climate threat, and I make some experimental connections between this idea of positive philosophy and recent discussions about the Anthropocene, asking for a more profoundly self-critical approach to question how we can approach the dire problems that we face as humanity. I end with an example of such reflection in the writings of the feminist materialist Nancy Tuana.
Vernetzte Produktionsplanung
Authors: Ellwein Carsten , Elser Anja
Published: January 2020

Kurzfassung

Der aktuelle Trend der Vernetzung von Unternehmen im produzierenden Sektor zu temporären Produktionsnetzwerken stellt neue Anforderungen an die Produktions- und Ressourcenplanung. Um effizient flexible Wertschöpfungsnetzwerke aufzubauen, bedarf es einer einfachen Methode, um Produktionspartner zu finden. Die Partnerauswahl kann nur dann optimal gestaltet werden, wenn deren Ressourcen schon in der Planungsphase zur Verfügung stehen. Die Vernetzung von Produktionsplanungs und -steuerungssystemen (PPS-Systeme) ist eine Möglichkeit, Ressourcen über Unternehmensgrenzen hinweg zur Verfügung zu stellen. Das dabei entstehende Netzwerk von PPS-Systemen stellt neue Herausforderungen. Zum einen ist eine einheitliche Beschreibung von Produktionsaufträgen inklusive benötigter Ressourcen und deren Fähigkeiten die Basis der beschriebenen Vernetzung. Zum anderen muss eine Architektur entwickelt werden, die es erlaubt, fremde Ressourcen mit in den Planungsprozess mit einzubeziehen. So wird aus dem bisherigen, lokalen Planungs- und Optimierungsprozess eine globale Ressourcenplanung.
Produktionsnetzwerke und Fabriktypen der Zukunft
Authors: Lanza Gisela , Häfner Benjamin , Verhaelen Bastian , Peukert Sina
Published: January 2020

Kurzfassung

Die zunehmende Globalisierung führte in den letzten Dekaden zu global verteilten Produktionsnetzwerken. Um solche Netzwerke und die darin befindlichen Fabriken auf strategischer Ebene auszurichten, haben sich idealtypische Modelle bewährt, die als Leitlinien einer fundierten Fabrik- und Netzwerkorganisation zu verstehen sind. Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit solchen idealtypischen Modellen und zeigt exemplarisch auf, wie sie sich für das Management globaler Produktionsnetzwerke einsetzen lassen.
Synthesis of nanosized cadmium ferrite and assaying its magnetic and dielectric properties by analytical and physical techniques
Authors: Dubey Hemant Kumar , Lahiri Preeti
Published: January 2020

Our goal is to investigate the physical, magnetic and dielectric properties of cadmium ferrite nanoparticles. Here we report the synthesis of nanosized cadmium ferrite (CdFe2O4) spinel ferrite by the sol-gel process using citric acid as a complexing agent. We assessed the properties of nano-CdFe2O4 by a variety of analytical and physical techniques. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed to confirm spinel phase formation. Surface morphology images and compositional features were obtained using electron microscopy and other imaging techniques. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed the formation of nanoparticles with an average particle size of 40 nm. The magnetic properties were characterized by a highly sensitive magnetometer system (SQUID VSM) at room temperature revealing that the sintered sample of cadmium ferrite nanoparticles is ferromagnetic. We also studied dielectric behavior of the sintered pellet of the sample. We determined the frequency dependence of the dielectric permittivity, the loss factor and the impedance of the samples in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 20 MHz, at temperatures from 308–428 K at an interval of 40 °C. The dielectric behavior of ferrites is explained by the interface polarization, arising from the heterogeneous nature of its structure. Further research, both in terms of the preparation and characterization of ferrites, is warranted to better understand the nature and application of ferrites.
Decompression Surgery versus Interspinous Devices for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Tram Jennifer , Srinivas Shanmukha , Wali Arvin R. , Lewis Courtney S. , Pham Martin H.
Published: January 2020

In this retrospective review study, the authors systematically reviewed the literature to elucidate the efficacy and complications associated with decompression and interspinous devices (ISDs) used in surgeries for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). LSS is a debilitating condition that affects the lumbar spinal cord and spinal nerve roots. However, a comprehensive report on the relative efficacy and complication rate of ISDs as they compare to traditional decompression procedures is currently lacking. The PubMed database was queried to identify clinical studies that exclusively investigated decompression, those that exclusively investigated ISDs, and those that compared decompression with ISDs. Only prospective cohort studies, case series, and randomized controlled trials that evaluated outcomes using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index, or Japanese Orthopedic Association scores were included. A random-effects model was established to assess the difference between preoperative and the 1–2-year postoperative VAS scores between ISD surgery and lumbar decompression. This study included 40 papers that matched our criteria. Twenty-five decompression-exclusive clinical trials with 3,386 patients and a mean age of 68.7 years (range, 31–88 years) reported a 2.2% incidence rate of dural tears and a 2.6% incidence rate of postoperative infections. Eight ISD-exclusive clinical trials with 1,496 patients and a mean age of 65.1 (range, 19–89 years) reported a 5.3% incidence rate of postoperative leg pain and a 3.7% incidence rate of spinous process fractures. Seven studies that compared ISDs and decompression in 624 patients found a reoperation rate of 8.3% in ISD patients vs. 3.9% in decompression patients; they also reported dural tears in 0.32% of ISD patients vs. 5.2% in decompression patients. A meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials found that the differences in preoperative and postoperative VAS scores between the two groups were not significant. Both decompression and ISD interventions are unique surgical interventions with different therapeutic efficacies and complications. The collected studies do not consistently demonstrate superiority of either procedure over the other but understanding the differences between the two techniques can help tailor treatment regimens for patients with LSS.
Computed Tomography-Based Feasibility Study of C1 Posterior Arch Crisscrossing Screw Fixation
Authors: Sangondimath Gururaj , Mallepally Abhinandan Reddy , Salimath Suman
Published: January 2020

Study Design: Retrospective radiographic analysis.Purpose: Posterior fixation of C1 using screws is the most popular technique among the various methods for C1 stabilization, but it places the surrounding neurovascular structures at risk. Approximately 20% of the population has an anomalous groove for the vertebral artery; therefore, salvage methods are necessary. Therefore, we analyzed the feasibility of a newer C1 posterior arch crisscrossing screw fixation technique and studied its feasibility in the Indian population on the basis of the anatomy of the C1 posterior arch.Overview of Literature: Multiple techniques have been described for C1–C2 fixation, such as wiring techniques, interlaminar clamps, transarticular screws, screw-plate/screw-rod system fixation, and hook-screw system fixation techniques, to provide rigid C1–C2 stability. However, although C1 fixation has evolved with time, it is not complication-free.Methods: A 100 computed tomography (CT) scans of cervical spines with 1 mm slice thickness in the axial and sagittal sections obtained were randomly selected for the evaluation. Atlantoaxial anomalies due to trauma, deformities, infections, and tumors were excluded. All the images were measured for height of the posterior tubercle, width of the posterior arch, and length of the screw, and the screw projection angle was calculated. Demographic data were collected for all the subjects.Results: Out of the 88 CT scans analyzed, the mean height of the posterior tubercle was 7.4 mm, wherein 84.09% exceeded 7 mm, and the width of the posterior tubercle was 5.4 mm, wherein 88.6% (n=78) had posterior arch width >3.5 mm. A total of 13.6% (n=12) vertebrae were not suitable for screw placement, whereas 75% (n=66) vertebrae could accommodate 3.5×15 mm or longer screws. The screw projection angles ranged from 11.2° to 35° on the right and from 15.6° to 38.2° on the left.Conclusions: C1 posterior arch screw fixation is a feasible and safe method because it poses little risk of injury to the surrounding neurovascular structures.
A Prospective Study on the Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy of a Modified Technique to Augment the Strength of Pedicle Screw in Osteoporotic Spine Fixation
Authors: Tandon Vikas , Kalidindi Kalyan Kumar Varma , Pacha Sandesh , Bhat Mohd Rafiq
Published: January 2020

Study Design: Prospective case study.Purpose: Osteoporotic spine fixation by pedicle screw instrumentation is complicated by screw loosening, migration, or pullout with rates of up to 62% documented in the literature. Contemporary solutions have not adequately addressed these complications. We propose a modified surgical technique of cement augmentation with bicortical pedicle screw fixation to address the issue related to implant failure in osteoporotic spine.Overview of Literature: Zindrick and his colleagues described a “windshield wiper” effect owing to the shift of center of rotation to the distal tip of the screw in the bicortical purchase of screws. An increase in pullout strength from 119% to 250% with polymethyl methacrylate augmentation has been documented in the literature. This technique has not been described in the literature.Methods: A prospective study was conducted with 40 patients who underwent surgery by the modified technique. Intraoperative and postoperative complications directly related to the procedure were assessed. Improvement in pain and functional status were assessed. Follow-up radiographs were assessed to check for appreciable screw migration, loosening, or pullout.Results: This technique was used in inserting 364 screws in 40 patients. We did not encounter any difficulty in inserting the screws. A total of 19 screws failed to breach the anterior cortex owing to an error in measurement. There were no complications during the procedure in any of the patients, and the postoperative period was uneventful. The mean follow-up period was 18 months. There were two patients in whom proximal junctional failure with kyphosis was noted during follow-up, who were surgically managed by extension of the fixation levels.Conclusions: Bicortical fixation with cement augmentation is a technically feasible, safe, and effective technique to augment the strength of pedicle screws in osteoporotic spine fixation. It has the potential to be established as a standard of care in osteoporotic spine fixation.
A PERAN KELEMBAGAAN AGRIBISNIS DALAM MENYUKSESKAN PROGRAM KETAHANAN PANGAN RIAU DI KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU
Authors: Darus Darus , Fahrial Fahrial , Efendi Randa Achmad
Published: January 2020

This study aims to determine farmers' perceptions of the role of agribusiness institutions and shape of  roles agribusiness institutions in helping farmers deal with various farming problems and increasing rice productivity in Rokan Hulu Regency. The study was conducted by survey with a qualitative descriptive analysis method. Research respondents were 40 rice farmers scattered in Rokan Hulu Regency. Based on the research results it is known that 1. institute of agricultural inputs available at the village level with the acquisition of a score of 3.75 category of "have a role", especially in providing of inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural equipment at affordable prices for farmers. 2. financial institutions "quite instrumental" in providing of rice farm financing with a score of 2.61, with a lower percentage of farmers participating in accessing finance facilities (22.5%) were affected by the system of repayment the loan, the interest rate and the level of risk faced. 3. The Postharvest Institution received a score of 4.38 in the "very instrumental" category for farmers in managing crop yields, as a milling and marketing service for harvest available in the village by setting prices and payment systems in favor of farmers. 4. Farmers' institutions (farmer groups) in each village "play a role" score of 3.63 in farming activities because by joining into farmer groups farmers have more access in obtaining subsidies for input production and agricultural machinery technology from the government, obtaining information in the application of agricultural cultivation technology innovations renewable effort to improve yield productivity and efficiency in the use of local resources. Paddy farmers in Rokan Hulu Subdistrict stated that the government "has a role to play" score of 3.14 in motivating farmers to increase productivity of their farming products, especially in the aspect of strengthening agricultural infrastructure and revitalizing production inputs. Extension institutions as part of the government increase human resources and strengthen Farmer Institutions "play a role" score of 3.77 in rice farming as a forum for education, facilitation, information / innovation dissemination, consultation and supervision. While the role of research institutes and universities is still not directly felt by farmers in developing farmers to increase farm productivity.
PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA EDUTAINMENT INTERAKTIF DENGAN KONTEN LOKAL UNTUK ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Widya Leonardo Adi Dharma , Herna Lia , Sandrayani Desy
Published: January 2020

Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi digital multimedia di era industri 4.0, di mana segala hal dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan komputer atau gadget, sehingga gen- erasi milenial (anak-anak pada khususnya) lambat laun terjebak pada teknologi ini. Melalui penelitian ini, tim peneliti mencoba untuk menjadikan teknologi multimedia sebagai pem- belajaran /materi positif untuk anak usia dini, dimana penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meng- hasilkan produk multimedia dalam bentuk edutainment dengan berbagai tematik positif untuk anak usia dini dengan konten lokal Indonesia. Produk mencakup konsep materi pem- belajaran, desain karakter, dan konsep visual/ tampilan. Penelitian melibatkan mahasiswa UMN, Desain Komunikasi Visual mata kuliah Interaktif Media Design selama satu semes- ter menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Litbang). Hasil penelitian dengan menerbitkan katalog yang berisi konsep purwa rupa dengan berbagai tema yang dianggap sesuai kriteria berdasarkan validasi oleh ahli materi dan ahli media. Dengan penelitian ini di- harapankan dapat menghasilkan lebih banyak lagi produk multimedia pembelajaran dalam bentuk edutainment yang positif untuk anak usia dini yang ditinjau dari aspek konsep, ma- teri, pembelajaran, visual /tampilan dalam menghadapi dan memanfaatkan perkembangan teknologi multimedia sekaligus mempublikasikan karya kreatif mahasiswa DKV - UMN. Pe- nilaian/uji coba dilakukan langsung ke target (anak sebagai obyek) untuk melihat aspek-as- pek kemenarikan, kemudahan, dan kejelasan.
SENI LUKIS PENYANDANG TUNANETRA KOMUNITAS BALVI
Authors: Warni Trusti , Damajanti Irma
Published: January 2020

Komunitas Bala Vision (Balvi) merupakan komunitas tunanetra pertama yang berkarya seni lukis. Hal ini seakan ingin mematahkan pandangan masyarakat bahwa penyandang tunanetra tidak bisa membuat karya visual/ rupa. Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut maka penelitian ini dikembangkan dengan tiga rumusan masalah yaitu mengkaji proses kreasi, kecenderungan visual dalam karya seni lukis yang diciptakan, dan fungsi seni bagi penyandang tunanetra komunitas tunanetra Balvi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Metode kualitatif digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dari proses observasi, wawancara, studi pustaka, dan dokumentasi, sementara metode kuantitatif digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data melalui metode eksperimen. Data kuantitatif dan kualitatif dianalisis dengan metode kualitatif. Teori yang digunakan yaitu proses kreasi Graham Wallas dan metoda kritik seni Terry Barret. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses kreasi penyandang tunanetra yang khas yaitu mengawali berkarya dengan bercerita pengalamannya, melakukan tahap pengujian tidak secara visual, pengalaman visual dapat digantikan dengan pengalaman perseptual, mengenali bidang berkarya dengan cara yang terukur, pengalaman mengunjungi pameran dan diskusi den- gan seniman menunjang kemampuan kognisi dan apresiasi penyandang tunanetra. Karya yang diciptakan memiliki kecenderungan visual garis yang diciptakan membentuk pola vertikal dan horizontal, goresan garis dan warna tidak penuh atau rata, pemilihan warna didasarkan pada kepentingan mengekspresikan suatu gagasan secara simbolik, bentuk abstrak sebagai cara penyadang tunanetra menerjemahkan pengalaman perseptual yang dimilikinya.
ANALISIS PEMIKIRAN IMAM AL-GHAZALI MENGENAI MEKANISME DAN ETIKA PERILAKU PASAR
Authors: Suprihatin Suprihatin , Ibdalsyah Ibdalsyah , Tanjung Hendri
Published: January 2020

This research goal is to describe market based on Islamic and conventional economy from Imam Al-Ghazali. This reseach use qualitative approach. The findings are market and ethic operated by cognitive, affective dan skill. Imam Al-Ghazali has a concept about market mechanism based on Islamic law.
Power Quality and Capability Enhancement of a Wind-Solar-Battery Hybrid Power System
Authors: Toual Belgacem , Mokrani Lakhdar , Kouzou Abdellah , Machmoum Mohamed
Published: January 2020

The Adrar site located in the south of Algeria, presents the most important windy and sunny site in Algeria that can be exploited. In this context for the exploitation of the two complimentary sources of this site (wind and sun) based on the meteorological data, the present paper focuses on the study of a Hybrid System (HS) based on an interconnection between a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) and a Photovoltaic System (PVS) which is planted in the DC-link bus of the back-to-back converter feeding the Double Feed Induction Generator (DFIG) rotor of the WECS. The objective of using this proposed coupling topology is to exploit the two available complementary renewable sources in the same time, to enhance the exploitation rate of the un-resized WECS back-to-back converter which remains at low power in the weak wind case or in the synchronism case and to eliminate the PVS inverter. Consequently the overall cost of the HS can be reduced. On the other side, to solve the energy quality problem; a modified MPPT mode control technique is proposed and compared with two other conventional techniques, the first one uses the PVS to offset only the WECS power rapid fluctuations and the second one uses a Battery Storage Unit (BSU) to ensure the produced energy smoothing. This BSU plays also an interesting role to store the surplus of energy when the maximum power level of the WECS converter is reached in case of wind and/or irradiation abundances.
Convocatoria anticipada de elecciones y disolución del Parlamento: el caso de Andalucía
Authors: Lasarte Javier
Published: January 2020

SUMARIO: I. El problema: la convocatoria de elecciones andaluzas en el periodo julio-agosto de 1990-II. El origen del problema: la oposición de los Acuerdos Autonómicos a la disolución anticipada de los parlamentos regionales.-III. La prohibición expresa de disolución anticipada en algunos de los posteriores estatutos de autonomía.-IV. La búsqueda de una solución jurídica para la regulación de la disolución anticipada de los Parlamentos Autonómicos-V. País Vasco: la regulación de la disolución anticipada en la ley de gobierno.-VI. La Ley 8/1985 del Parlamento de Cataluña-VII. La disolución anticipada del Parlamento de Galicia.-VIII. El artículo 42 de la Ley Orgánica del régimen electoral general-IX. La Ley 6/1983 del Gobierno y la Administración de la Comunidad Autónoma andaluza.-X. La proposición de ley de modificación de la Ley 6/1983 y la anticipación del proceso electoral. Una solución jurídica inadecuada.-xi. ¿es posible solucionar el problema a través de una modificación del Reglamento de la Cámara?-XII. Conclusión.-XIIL Apéndice. Otras proposiciones de ley presentadas ante el Parlamento de Andalucía.-XIV. Bibliografía seleccionada.
Análisis empírico del procedimiento presupuestario en el Congreso de los Diputados para los ejercicios 1983-1989
Authors: Gutiérrez del Castillo Carmen
Published: January 2020

SUMARIO: I. Introducción.-II. El debate de los Presupuestos Generales del Estado en el Congreso de los DIPUTADOS.-a) Comparecencia de autoridades y funcionarios ante la Comisión de Presupuestos.-b) Debate de totalidad.-c) Debate en la Comisión de Presupuestos.-d) Debate en Pleno del dictamen de la Comisión.-III. Conclusión.
Fuentes bibliográficas para el estudio del Parlamento
Authors: Martín González Alicia , García de la Oliva África
Published: January 2020

Es la puesta al día de "El Parlamento en los 80 : fuentes bibliográficas para su estudio" [En: Revista de las Cortes Generales.- N.16 (1989) ; p. 267-342]
Junta General del Principado de Asturias: crónica de su actividad : (mayo 1985-octubre 1989).
Authors: Tuñón Bárzana José
Published: January 2020

Publicada la anterior crónica (1982-1985) en el número 4 de la «Revista de las Cortes Generales», pretende la presente dar cuenta de la actividad parlamentaria desarrollada desde entonces hasta la fecha, espacio que abarca prácticamente la segunda mitad de la I Legislatura y la primera mitad de la II. El período que se examina se refiere, pues, a dos Legislaturas, con lo que ello implica, en especial la distinta composición de la Cámara que pasa de una con holgada mayoría absoluta que apoya al Consejo de Gobierno a otra de Gobierno minoritario. La reseña, evidentemente, no trata de hacer un balance exhaustivo de las funciones del Parlamento, que son objeto de otro tipo de publicaciones, sino únicamente destacar aquellos aspectos que se estiman más relevantes de su actividad.
Consideraciones metodológicas
Authors: Martínez-Elipe León
Published: January 2020

SUMARIO: 1. La idea del método. El mundo analítico de las ciencias experimentales. Barbarie de la especialización. Síntesis metodológica para el conocimiento.—2. El método naturalista en lo político-jurídico. el «cientifismo». la historia y la sociología como ciencias.—2.1. La metodología en el Derecho privado. La escuela histórica y la pandectística germánica. El positivismo.—2.2. La metodología positivista en el Derecho político.—2.3. Reacción contra el positivismo. Metodología «histórico-sociológica». El mundo de los valores.—2.4. Síntesis metodológica.
El Parlamento y el Derecho
Authors: Fraile Clivillés Manuel
Published: January 2020

SUMARIO: 1. El Parlamento y el Derecho. 2. Delimitación constitucional del ordenamiento interno. 3. El ordenamiento parlamentario y sus características. A) Ámbito personal limitado. B) Sistema de fuentes propio. C) Especial flexibilidad. D) Garantía por los sujetos afectados. 4. El concepto de Derecho parlamentario. 5. Principios del derecho parlamentario. A) Publicidad de actuación. B) Autonomía de organización e información. C) Libertad de iniciativa. 6. Las fuentes del Derecho parlamentario y su problemática: fuentes inmediatas y mediatas. 7. La tipicidad de las formas de manifestación del derecho parlamentario: Concepto y significado. 8. Las fuentes inmediatas del Derecho parlamentario. A) El Precedente. B) La Resolución. C) Los Reglamentos de las Cámaras. D) Las disposiciones interpretativas de la Presidencia. E) Las disposiciones de Gobierno interior. 9. Las fuentes mediatas del Derecho parlamentario.
Cooperación política y conflictos competenciales
Authors: López Aguilar Juan Fernando
Published: January 2020

SUMARIO: 0. Introducción.—I. La teoría en torno a la conflictividad competencial en el estado autonómico.—II. Conflicto y cooperación.— II.1. Planteamiento.—II.2. La cuestión del foro.—III. La cooperación en la terminación de conflictos de fondo competencial.—III.1. Los conflictos.—III.2. Los mecanismos de la cooperación.—IV. Valoraciones en torno a la cooperación política con ocasión de conflictos jurisdiccionalizados. — V. Reflexiones.
Las bibliotecas parlamentarias y el público
Authors: Herrero Gutiérrez Rosario
Published: January 2020

SUMARIO: I. Introducción.—II. Actividades específicas de las bibliotecas.—1. Servicio a los lectores.—1.1. Horario.—1.2. Condiciones de admisión y préstamo.—1.3. Sala de lectura.— 1.4. Préstamo ínter bibliotecario.—1.5. Adquisiciones.—1.6. Catálogos.—1.7. Área de infomación bibliográfica y de referencia.—1.8. Servicio de reprografía.—2. Publicaciones de las Bibliotecas.—2.1. Publicaciones sobre las Bibliotecas.—2.2. Publicaciones de información bibliográfica y documental.—2.3. Otras publicaciones.—3. Exposiciones.—III. Actividades de las bibliotecas relacionadas con otros servicios de información y relaciones públicas de las Cámaras.—1. Servicio de Prensa.—2. Servicio de publicaciones.—3. Departamento de protocolo e Información. — 4. Departamento de Personal y Gobierno interior.—IV. Propuestas para mejorar los servicios de INFORMACIÓN AL PARLAMENTO y al público.—-1. Publicidad y relaciones públicas.—2. Distribución de espacio e instalaciones.—3. Servicios.—4. Directrices para obtener mayor rendimiento de los recursos.—4.1. Apertura al público.—4.2. Autogestión técnica.—4.3. Desarrollo del intercambio de información.
La disolución del Parlamento en el ordenamiento autonómico de Galicia
Authors: Fernández Segado Francisco
Published: January 2020

SUMARIO: 1. Introducción: La disolución de los Parlamentos autonómicos.—2. La disolución en el ordenamiento autonómico de Galicia. El Estatuto de Autonomía.—3. La Ley 1/1983, de la Xunta y su Presidente.—4. El intento de institucionalización de la facultad disolutoria en la Ley 8/1985, de elecciones al Parlamento de Galicia.—5. Los pasos previos hacia el reconocimiento de la facultad disolutoria.—6. La admisión condicionada de la facultad disolutoria del Presidente de la Xunta.—7. La supresión de la inicial limitación de derecho transitorio frente al ejercicio de la facultad disolutoria.—8. Consideración final.
La producción legislativa del Parlamento de Galicia : balance de una década de actividad (1981-1991)
Authors: Blanco Valdés Roberto L.
Published: January 2020

SUMARIO: Introducción: la perspectiva metodológica del "rendimiento institucional". 1) La evolución cronológica de los resultados de la producción legislativa. 2) El análisis del proceso de producción legislativa. 2.1.- El ejercicio de la iniciativa legislativa. 2.2.- Los contenidos materiales de la producción legislativa.
Acerca del recurso previo de inconstitucionalidad
Authors: De Vega García Agustín S.
Published: January 2020

SUMARIO: 1.- Introducción. 2.- Las tachas de inconstitucionalidad y el origen del recurso previo. 3.- El recurso previo, instrumento de obstrucción parlamentaria. 4.- La falta de coordinación entre el procedimiento legislativo y el recurso previo. 5.- El Tribunal Constitucional como órgano colegislador. 6.- La supresión del recurso previo. 7.- A modo de conclusión.
Schneider, Hans-Peter y Zeh, Wolfgang, eds.: «Parlamentsrecht und Parlamentspraxis in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland»
Authors: Embid Irujo Antonio
Published: January 2020

Recensión sobre la obra de Schneider, Hans-Peter y Zeh, Wolfgang, «Parlamentsrecht und Parlamentspraxis in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland»
Katsh, M. Ethan: «The Electronic Media and the transformation of Law»
Authors: Maciá Gómez Mateo
Published: January 2020

Recensión sobre la obra de M. Ethan Kats, «The Electronic Media and the transformation of Law»
Hermeneútica y Constitución
Authors: Rovira Viñas Antonio
Published: January 2020

SUMARIO: 1. Introducción. —2. Sujetos de la interpretación constitucional. —3. EL objeto de la interpretación constitucional.
Eisenmann Charles: «La Justicie constitutionnelle et la Haute Cour Constitutionelle d'Autriche» (Recensión)
Authors: Santaolalla López Fernando
Published: January 2020

Recensión sobre la obra: Charles Eisenmann. La Justice constitutionnelle et la Haute Cour Constitutionnelle d'Autriche, París, Ed. Económica, 1986.