bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengamatan Badai Cuaca Di Selat Makassar Untuk Mendukung Aktivitas Peluncuran Satelit
Authors: Suparta Wayan
Published: August 2019

Ribut cuaca adalah salah satu parameter terpenting yang perlu diperhatikan dalam skenario peluncuran roket atau peluncuran satelit menuju orbitnya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengukur terjadinya ribut badai berdekatan daerah Selat Makassar sebagai langkah awal untuk membangun model badai cuaca dalam rangka peluncuran satelit. Data meteorologi permukaan harian seperti tekanan, suhu, kelembaban relatif, tutupan awan, uap air, kecepatan angin dan arahnya telah dianalisis. Analisis juga mempertimbangkan musim kemarau dan musim hujan di dekat kawasan target peluncuran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas ribut badai pada bulan Mei dan Oktober terdeteksi lebih tinggi daripada bulan-bulan lainnya. Investigasi awal ditemukan bahwa aktivitas ribut badai di daerah ini lebih dipengaruhi oleh kelembaban relatif dan uap air, khususnya di musim peralihan (Monsun). Sementara bulan-bulan yang diprediksi aman untuk peluncuran roket adalah Juni, Juli, dan Agustus.
The Use of AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) as Multi Criteria Decision Tool for the Selection of Best Water Supply Source for Benin City
Authors: Ihimekpen N. , Isagba E. S.
Published: August 2019

This paper analysis the potential of using Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) as an analytical tool in multi criteria decision analysis, to identify the best water supply source for Benin City. The water supply sources available in Benin are Rainfall, Ground Water, Surface Water and Storm Water Runoff. In order to compare characteristics and rank the four major water supply source, expert advice was solicited, structured questionnaires administered, and a set of criterions was derived that would be used in evaluation procedure. The following set of criterions was adopted: Cost, Availability, Ease of distribution, Accessibility, Sustainability, Quality. In analysing the pairwise comparative judgments in this study, Ground Water was the most important alternative as it had the highest score of 0.4130 in the computation of the weighted average, making Ground Water the best water supply source for Benin City.
Principal Component Analysis of Urban Expansion Drivers in Greater Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Abiodun O. E. , Olaleye J. B. , Olusina J. O. , Omogunloye O. g>
Published: August 2019

Urban expansion has been identified as a major cause of global climatic and environmental changes. Accurate and up-to-date information about urban expansion in terms of the drivers responsible for this expansion are important for long term planning and sustainable urban development. Lagos is one of the cities that have undergone rapid urban enlargement in the last few decades and, many factors have been adduced to contribute to its sprawling. Therefore, this study aims at using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for identifying the principal drivers of urban expansion in greater Lagos. In this study, a set of fourteen (14) drivers of expansion are considered in a multinucleic structure. A sequence of Landsat images of the study area for 1984, 2001, 2006 and 2013 was acquired and processed to six land use classes: dense, moderate urban, water, vegetation, wetland and mangrove. The study area was partitioned into 25 regular cells of 20km by 25km each from where proximate driver values were obtained. The effectiveness of each driver was tested using PCA. The results show that Land Availability accounted for 37.836% of total variance. This result of this study may form the basis for a renewed attention on land policy in the study area as a way to enhance sustainable development.
Prey Availability or Electivity in the Diet of some Amphibians from Olinlin- Uzea, Esan North East, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogoanah S. O. , Enomongale M. E.
Published: August 2019

The diet of four species of frogs, Hoplobatrachus occipitalis, Ptychadena bibroni, Amietophrynus maculatus and Leptopelis sp. from Olinlin -Uzea, Esan North East Local Government Area in Edo State, Nigeria was studied between July and November 2014. Specimens were stomach-flushed and a total of 166 prey items from 13 prey categories recorded. Hoplobatrachus occipitalis had the highest niche breadth (6.04) indicating a rich diversity of prey while Leptopelis sp. an arboreal frog had the least (2.67). Hoplobatrachus occipitalis and P. bibroni had a niche overlap of 0.79 indicating a common use of the microhabitat while no overlap was recorded between Leptopelis sp. and Amietophrynus maculatus and P. bibroni. The low electivity indices observed in Hoplobatrachus occipitalis, Ptychadena bibroni, and Amietophrynus maculatus is an indication that feeding was based more on the availability of prey rather than preference. Although a high electivity index was recorded for Leptopelis sp, it is most likely due to its restricted microhabitat and the corresponding available prey. Caution should, however, be employed with electivity indices as results could be affected by inadequate sampling.
Journey to Crime Using Dijkstra’s Algorithm
Authors: Olusina J. O. , Olaleye J. B.
Published: August 2019

This paper describes some benefits of crime mapping in a Geographic Information Systems (G.I.S.) environment. The underlining principle of Journey to Crime was discussed. Crime Spots and Police Stations in the study area were mapped, Shortest-Path, Closest Facility, Service Area and OD (Origin – Destination) Cost Matrix were determined based on Dijkstra's Algorithm. Results show that the distribution of police stations does not correspond with the spread of crime spots.
Re-establishment of Property Boundary using Geomatics Techniques
Authors: Audu H. A.P. , Ekun M. O.
Published: August 2019

This study examined a parcel of land situated at Isheri-Olofin Community in Shomolu local government area of Lagos State whose boundary locations and lines have been obliterated with a view of re-establishing them to the required accuracy and standard using Geomatics techniques. The reconnaissance survey of the study area was carried out, and three (3) out of twenty (20) property boundary beacons were identified. The in situ check performed on the three beacons showed that they were in their original boundary locations. The three property beacons were used to relocate the positions of the remaining seventeen obliterated beacons using Geomatics instruments and conventional methods. The seventeen property beacons were re-established. In order to determine the accuracy of the re-established boundary beacons, a perimeter survey was carried out with a closed traverse method, and it commenced from three government control beacons which were within the study area. The in situ check of the three government control beacons was carried out prior to the commencement of the theodolite traversing. The acquired data were processed, the accuracy of the boundary survey was computed, the processed data was modelled using AutoCAD software and the property boundary plan was produced. The results of the study revealed that three of the property boundaries were in their original locations and seventeen (17) of them were obliterated. The obliterated property beacons in the study area were successfully re-established to the required standard and accuracy. The accuracy of the entire property boundary, which was within the allowable accuracy limits for 3rd order traverse survey, was 1:56,470. This indicates that the obliterated beacons were re-established accurately, their boundary locations and lines were well defined. The property boundary plan, which shows the twenty boundary beacons and contains mathematical and documentary evidence for the property description of the study area was produced.
Determination of a Section of Woji Riverbed Depths for Safe Navigation
Authors: Ekpa A. U. , Eyakndue N. I.
Published: August 2019

The depths of the oceans, seas, rivers, etc. and charting the shape and topography of the ocean floor are only determined though bathymetric processes. And mariners primarily depend on water depths beneath their vessels for safe navigation. Bathymetry also goes a long way to enhance the identification of possible features on the seabed such as elevation changes, rock outcrop, wreckages, sunken vessels, pipeline, or any other obstructions that could cause hazard to navigation. This study employs the bathymetric principles to determine river-bed depths of a section of the Woji River for the purpose of creating a two-dimensional view of the underlying sub-surface and a threedimensional model of the river-bed, to enhance safe navigation. Data acquisition was done using satellite imagery from Google Earth, total tide prediction data, sounding depths using Midas echo sounder and GPS data. Data processing performed on observed bathymetric data include spike removal, tidal correction on instantaneous depths. The processed depths were analysed and presented in form of profile view, graphs, and charts. A flow and sedimentation simulation was carried out using ArcGIS 10.3, to show the nature of the river. The tidal data aided in sounding reduction, and river average depth of 6.022m was obtained. The levelling mis-closure was 0.001m and the average variation in echo sounder calibration was 0.08m. Based on the acquired and output data, the produced chart revealed sedimentation effect on the convex coastline, uneven riverbed topography possibly due to sand excavation, which could pose serious danger to the safety of navigation. Based on these results, the use of Sub-Bottom Profiler and a Multi-Beam Echo Sounder (MBES) is therefore recommended in order to improve the quality of data obtained.
Development of a Manual Assembly Line for a 950kw Single Stroke Generator
Authors: Oladeinde M. H. , Edokpia R. O.
Published: August 2019

In this paper, a manual assembly line for the assembly of a 950KW gasoline generator has been designed. A part list of a purchased generator was generated after the machine was disassembled. Work measurement technique was used to generate an assembly process for the machine. The duration for assembly of each component was obtained using stop watch and then standardized. The cycle time of the manual assembly line was determined and subsequently, the distribution of load amongst the ten station line was balanced out using the ranked positional weight technique. Computations reveal that a fairly high labour efficiency of 0.804 is obtained. The line balancing efficiency obtained equal 0.849 implying a balance delay of 0.151.
Construction Health and Safety Awareness of Nigerian Undergraduate Quantity Surveyors
Authors: Okorie V. N. , Ogbu C. P.
Published: August 2019

Construction is particularly an accident-prone and disease-causing process. Quantity surveyors render professional financial management services with regards to the entire construction value chain – including in construction health and safety (H&S) management. However, the adequacy of the construction H&S content of quantity surveying undergraduate programmes in Nigerian universities is uncertain. This study examined undergraduate quantity surveyors’ knowledge of construction H&S. The study used purposive sampling technique for the selection of five universities in southern Nigeria offering bachelor’s degree in quantity surveying. Copies of the study questionnaire were given to 400 and 500 levels students from the five selected universities. Interviews were conducted with registered practicing quantity surveyors, and one quantity surveying lecturer in each of the universities in order to validate the results of the survey. The data were analysed using mean scores. The results revealed that undergraduate students of quantity surveying in the universities covered by the study are insignificantly aware of quantity surveyors’ construction H&S roles. An examination of the course contents of the undergraduate quantity surveying programmes of the universities did not reveal any separate course module for construction H&S. The interviews supported the findings from the survey carried out on the students. They revealed that there is need to include construction H&S in quantity surveying undergraduate programmes in Nigerian universities. Undergraduate quantity surveying students should be taught construction H&S in order to equip them for their future H&S management roles in the construction industry.
Biodegradation Potentials of Bacterial Isolates from Auto-Mechanic Workshops in Oluku, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oshoma C. E. , Eze E. E. , Omonigho S. E.
Published: August 2019

The frequent discharge of used petroleum products from automobiles has become a major source of concern due to unguided discharge into the soil environment, hence the need for biodegradation of the products. Bacterial species were isolated from contaminated soil in mechanic workshops and screened for their for hydrocarbon degradation potentials using standard microbiological procedures. Physicochemical properties of the contaminated soil were also analysed using standard techniques. The highest and lowest heterotrophic bacterial counts of 2.82 ± 0.16 ×108 and 2.09 ± 0.32 ×108 cfu/g were from the control soil and site 1 respectively. For hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial, Site 2 had the highest load of 8.33 ± 2.55 ×105 while the control had the least 1.35±0.33× 104 cfu/g. The bacterial isolates from the contaminated soil were found to be Corynebacterium kutsceri, Escherichia coli, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Micrococcus luteus. The highest and lowest in the frequency of occurrence among the isolates were B. subtilis (27.5 %) and E. coli (1.4%) respectively. The screened hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial isolates were C. kutseri, B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa. The ability to degrade crude oil revealed that bacterial consortium had the highest growth profile of 12.90 ×105 while the least was C. kutsceri with values of 8.20 ×105 cfu/g. The consortium bacteria had the highest percentage of hydrocarbon products degradation. The ability of the consortium bacteria to remove a high percentage of crude oil components makes it potentially useful for bioremediation of site highly contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbon.
The Role of the Federal University of Technology, Akure Cooperative Multipurpose Society in Housing Finance
Authors: Ojo B. , Rotowa O. O.
Published: August 2019

Housing finance in Nigeria is facing a lot of problems among which are inadequate mortgage finance, inaccessibility to other form of formal loans from other financial institutions due to stringent conditions attached to its access; urbanization brought about by ever increasing human population; and the economic recession being experienced in Nigeria. Housing development financing and shelter provision among the low and medium income groups become more critical because of lack of access to credit; and these groups constitute the vast majority of the urban households in Nigeria. There are no robust and pragmatic housing finance systems on ground. The reality on ground led to evolution of informal housing finance system of which thrift and credit cooperative is one. Against this background the paper examine the role played by the Federal University of Technology, Akure cooperative multi-purpose society in the provision of housing finance to its members, Secondary data were collected for this study through the use of structured questionnaire from 29.5% of its members. Secondary data were equally obtained from archival data of the society and analysed. The study revealed that majority of their members relied on collection of loans from the cooperative society for their housing development finance. The preferences for this form of finance were given as: ease of processing loan application; low interest rate charge on loan; and ease of amortization. The paper posits that government should intervene in housing finance through methods such as site and service scheme, provision of low interest loans with longer moratorium periods, and special political consideration and leverage be given to the housing need of low and medium income earners to ameliorate poverty among this group.
Public Cemeteries of Benin City: Examining a Neglected Dimension of Urban Nigeria
Authors: Onwuanyi N. , Ndinwa C. E. , Chima P. E.
Published: August 2019

Creating a sustainable urban landscape demands adequate provision for all categories of land use and the effective management of such spaces. However, urban management in Nigeria appears to pay little attention to space for the dead as can be observed in the poor physical and environmental conditions of public cemeteries. This situation amounts to an omission of, as well as a failure in, the duty to plan for, and effectively manage, all urban land needs. This paper investigates the three public cemeteries in Benin City to ascertain their physical and environmental conditions and management practices. Data for this study was gathered through primary and secondary sources: the cemeteries and their surroundings were physically inspected; data on cemetery management obtained directly from the responsible local officials; other data came from literature, publications and the archives. The findings confirm all three cemeteries to be in a neglected state; are challenged by a dearth of skilled staff, the absence of modern equipment and management techniques; and, being fenced-off from public view and almost always in an overgrown state, effectively are excluded from the urban environment. The recommendations are for an overhaul of these facilities and the institution of modern management charged with a mission to create environmentally-friendly, physically attractive and visually accessible cemeteries.
Application of Least Squares Estimation Techniques in 2D Conformal Coordinates Transformation from Local to National
Authors: Ehigiator M. O. , Oladosu S. O. , Ehigiator-Irughe R.
Published: August 2019

A two-dimensional conformal coordinate transformation is a similarity transformation which is also known as the four parameter transformation since it maintains scale relationships between the two coordinates system. This transformation type uses a mathematical model that establish a geometrical relationship between coordinates of points in different reference frames. It gained wider acceptance because of its capability to retain the shape of an area represented. This paper utilizes three control points; PT02, PT03 and PT04 to compute the transformation parameters and later all validated the derived coordinates of point PT04 known in the local system to national system using manual computation check. The second approach was to derive the transformation parameters using four control points. The result obtained was validated and found to agree with the derived national coordinates system for point PT07. Subsequently, all other points within the areas covered in the scope of work were transformed by writing script and running it in MATLAB software environment. The total area covered was 457.457hectares.
Densification of (GNSS) Control Points for Cadastral and Mapping Purposes
Authors: Ehigiator M. O. , Oladosu S. O. , Ehigiator-Irughe R.
Published: August 2019

GNSS control densification is a continuous exercise in the field of Geomatics. This form the basis upon which other Geomatics and Engineering activities geared toward development are referenced. This paper employed the use of Hi-Target GPS to extend and establish controls at the confines of the study area in static mode while topographical survey was carried out using real-time kinematics method. Network adjustment, for the newly established control stations were carried out while the master station was held fixed. Data analysis and production of plans were done using softwares like Hi-Target V30, Carlson Civil Suite 2017 etc. The result of perimeter computation for the study area gave a total of 93.614 hectare
Residents’ Perception and Response to Development Control Activities in Nigerian Cities: The Case of Ibadan and Akure, South-West, Nigeria
Authors: Agbonta W. A. P. , Olowoporoku O. A.
Published: August 2019

This study assessed residents’ perception and response to development control activities in Ibadan and Akure Nigeria. This was with a view to suggesting policy a response capable of enhancing orderly control of development in the cities and others with similar background. A local government was selected in each of the two cities. This is followed by the selection of two wards in each of the selected local governments across the two cities. In the four selected wards, every 20th residential building was sampled sequel to listing of buildings based on street numbering system and counting of buildings where houses were not numbered. For the study, 106 residents were sampled on whom questionnaires were administered. This sample comprised 55 respondents in Ibadan and 51 residents in Akure. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that demolition exercise was the major source of awareness of development control activities across the two cities. However, there were differences in residents’ perception of roles of development control agencies in Ibadan and Akure. The study also found that majority of the residents across the two cities do not have survey plans neither do they prepare building plans before embarking on construction. This study established the divergent views on satisfaction with conduct of development control activities among residents of Ibadan and Akure. The study recommended that development control agencies in the two cities should cultivate a cordial relationship with the residents in order to motivate them to fulfil land administration requirements before embarking on construction exercises.
A Comparison of Monte Carlo Simulation and Discounted Cash Flow Investment Appraisal Techniques Using an Office Building in Akure, Nigeria
Authors: Akinbogun S. P. , Binuyo O. P. , Akinbogun O. T.
Published: August 2019

Every rational investor aimed to secure an optimum return from an investment at certain level of risk. However, the factors that affect the realization of the expected return are not known with certainty. Therefore, the reliability of a single point estimate for investment decision is debatable particularly when the likelihood of realizing the expected return is crucial to the investor. This study aimed at examining a better method of analysing the uncertainty in property investment rather than the use of the single point estimate formula. We collected a set of historic data from a multi-tenanted office complex in Akure to carry out the investment analysis using Monte Carlo simulation and Discounted Cash Flow Technique. The results from the study were compared and revealed that the single point estimate accounted for a huge level of risk as probability of realizing the expected return is unknown. The Monte Carlo simulation offers a more robust opportunity for a measured investment decisions by providing a probability of realizing different level of the expected returns. The study concludes that it is difficult to make a smart investment decision on a single point estimate. It therefore recommends the use of Monte Carlo simulation for property investment analysis for a more realistic return.
Improving Roadway Operations and Safety for Large Truck Vehicles by Optimizing some Critical Geometric Design Parameters
Authors: Galadima S. P. , Ogirigbo O. R. , Ehiorobo J. O.
Published: August 2019

Large truck vehicles are constrained by their physical and operational attributes such as length, width, height and axle loading, which affect their performance on highway infrastructure. In recent times, car-truck and truck only crashes have increased due to the complex interactions of such vehicles on geometrically deficient roadway systems. By adjusting geometric design parameters in accordance with stipulated requirements across deficient roadway sections it is possible to estimate using crash rate index the degree of improvements observed. A total of 189.4 kilometers of three roadway lengths (Benin-Ore, Benin-Agbor and Benin-Sapele) were investigated for geometric design deficiencies across crash sections. Adjustments were made using AAHSTO design specifications based on speed limit, terrain type and roadway functional class for three critical geometric design parameters namely: degree of horizontal curvature, vertical grade and roadway lane width. Comparison of parameter estimates before and after adjustments showed corresponding cumulative percentage improvements of 6.5%, 13% and 4.7% for Benin-Ore, Benin-Agbor and Benin-Sapele roadways respectively. This implies that adjustments to critical design parameters at deficient roadway sections can help in mitigating large truck crash rates and allow for better accommodation and operation of such truck vehicles on plied roadways.
Accident Prediction Model at Unsignalized Intersection Using Multiple Linear Regression Method
Authors: Oghoyafedo N. K. , Ehiorobo J. O. , Nwankwo Ebuka
Published: August 2019

The issue of road accidents is an increasing problem in developing countries. This could be due to increasing road traffic/vehicle occupancy, geometric characteristics and road way condition. The factors influencing accidents occurrence are to be analysed for remedies. The purpose of this research is to develop an accident prediction model as a measure for future study, aid planning phase preceding the designed intervention, enhance the production of updated design standards to enable practitioners design unsignalized intersection for optimal safety, reduce the number of accidents at unsignalized intersections. Five intersections were selected randomly within Benin City and traffic count carried out at these intersections as well as geometric characteristics and roadway conditions. The prediction model was developed using multiple linear regression method and the standard error of estimate was computed to show how close the observed value is to the regression line. The model was validated using coefficient of multiple determination. The establishment of the relationship between accidents and traffic flow site characteristics on the other hand would enable improvement to be more realistically accessed. This study will also enhance the production of updated design standards to enable practitioners design unsignalized intersection for optimal safety, reduce the number of accidents at unsignalized intersections.
Evaluation of the Corrosion Rate of Aluminum 6063 in Petrol, Kerosene and Water
Authors: Adekunle N. O. , Aiyedun P. O. , Kuye S. I. , Adetunji R. O.
Published: August 2019

The unparalleled combinations of properties of aluminum and its alloy makes aluminum one of the most versatile, economical, and attractive metallic materials for a broad range of uses. This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of kerosene, petrol and water on the corrosion performance of three samples of aluminum 6063 alloy (A and B sourced locally while sample C is an imported material). The corrosion rate was determined both by weight loss and Potentiostatics method, and the microstructure of the samples after five weeks of immersion also was examined with the aid of an optical microscope. Samples A, B and C were immersed in the media for five (5) weeks duration. The cumulative corrosion rate was measured at the end of each week. The average corrosion rates using the weight loss method for A in petrol, kerosene and distilled water were 3.100E-4, 4.905 E-4 and 6.205 E-4; for B were 4.367 E-4, 2.703 E-4 and 2.147 E-4; and those of C were 4.550 E-4, 2.257 E-4 and 1.633 E-4 respectively. Similarly, the average corrosion rate using Potentiostatics method of A in petrol, kerosene and distilled water were 0.586E-3, 0.643E-3 and 0.454E-3; for B were 0.206E-3, 0.197E-3 and 0.298E-3; and those of C were 0.183E-3, 0.232E-3 and 0.407E-3 respectively. The average result showed that Sample A had the highest corrosion rate. The media which corroded the samples the most was petrol.
Validation of Global Digital Elevation Models in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Arungwa I. D. , Obarafo E. O. , Okolie C. J.
Published: August 2019

Satellite-derived Digital Elevation Models (DEM) are fast replacing the classical method of elevation data acquisition by ground survey methods. The availability of free and easily accessible DEMs is no doubt of great significance and importance, and a valuable resource in the quest to accurately model the earth's surface topography. However, the suitability of Digital Elevation Models in simulating the topography of the earth at micro, local and regional scales is still an active area of research. The accuracy of Digital Elevation Models vary from one location to another. As such, it is important to conduct local and regional assessments to inform the global user community on the relative performance of these DEMs. This study evaluates the accuracy of the 30-metre Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Models version 2, the 1-kilometre GTOPO30, the 90-metre Shuttle Radar Topography Mission v4 and the 1-kilometre Shuttle Radar Topography Missionv2.1 Digital Elevation Models by validating with highly accurate GPS check-points over Lagos, Nigeria. With a Root Mean Square Error of 3.75m, the results show that Shuttle Radar Topography Mission v4 has the highest vertical accuracy followed by Shuttle Radar Topography Mission v2.1 (Root Mean Square Error: 5.73m), Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (Root Mean Square Error: 21.70m), and GTOPO30 which shows the lowest vertical accuracy (Root Mean Square Error: 29.41m). By conducting the accuracy assessment of these products in Lagos, this study informs efforts directed at the exploitation of these Digital Elevation Models for topographic mapping and other scientific and environmental application.
Hydrogeophysical Survey of Groundwater Development at Okada Community Ovia North – East L.G.A. Edo State
Authors: Ehigiator M. O.
Published: August 2019

Geophysical investigation was conducted at Okada community in ovia North Local Govertment area of Edo state to determine the prospect of aquifer zone. The Petrozenith PZ-02 Terrameter, one of the Electrical Resistivity Equipment was used to conduct a Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) in the study area. The Garmin Etrex 10 Global Navigation satellite systems (GNSS) was used to acquire Geodetic coordinates of point where VES observations were made. This research was carried out as a pre-drilling Hydro-geophysical survey conducted for the purpose of surveying and studying the proposed water borehole site at Okada Community that has suffered acute water problems for a very long time. There have been series of boreholes drilled in the studied area but all are dry wells. This survey was conducted to investigate the subsurface complexity of the sites in respect of lithology and to recommend the total drill depth based on the prospective aquifer unit so identified. Result of interpretation suggests that the area is underlain with substantive aquiferous formation but at a depth not exceeding 121.60 m (398.95 ft), which is the lower aquifer unit. The value of elevation at point of observation referenced to mean sea level is 94 m.
Evaluation of the Feasibility of the Use of Bamboo as Potential Reinforcement in Concrete Beams
Authors: Osuji S. O. , Kayode-Ojo N.
Published: August 2019

This study presents the evaluation of the feasibility of using bamboo as a potential reinforcement in concrete beams. To achieve this, absorption test, tensile tests on the bamboo; compressive test on concrete cubes were conducted. Three-point bending tests on concrete beams reinforced with bamboo were performed to identify their behaviour compared to steel reinforced concrete members. The result for the absorption test indicated that water absorption of bamboo is quite high. The bamboo absorbed about 25% of water of its saturated weight in just 24 hrs and increased number of nodes brought about increased absorption of water. It also showed that the bamboo from the top part of the culm absorbed more water than those from the bottom of the culm, with an increase of about 9%. For the tensile tests all the bamboo specimens showed brittle failure at node, making the node the most critical section for failure under tensile stresses, which was also verified in the beam tests. The yield stress was 56.80 N/mm2. In general, the test results indicated that bamboo reinforcement enhanced the load carrying capacity by approximately 200%.
Effects of Seasonal Flooding in Benin City and the need for a Community-Based Adaptation Model in Disaster Management in Nigeria
Authors: Butu A. W. , Emeribe C. N. , Ogbomida E. T.
Published: August 2019

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of hydrologically induced environmental problem in Benin City and how communities (considered as non-state actors) can be sustainably integrated/participate in monitoring of environmental change, disaster preparedness, post disaster management mechanisms and influence water resources development/management decisions. The study focused on the seasonal flood events of years 2016 and 2017. The study showed that the impacts of flooding in Benin City ranges from submergence of physical infrastructures, loss of agricultural lands/ farms. Using the Focused Group Discussion and Interview methods, 61.9% of flood affected persons agreed that their houses were submerged, 80.5% indicated that their farms, including fish farms, piggery, snail farms, crops and poultry were damaged by floods, 9.6%, indicated having experienced food stock losses due to floods. Most common diseases/sicknesses experienced were diarrhoea (27%), malaria (37%); cough (20%), while sickness due to snake bite was the least (4%). Fe and fecal coli form count values were high during seasonal flood event. Most of the hydraulic regulation projects have failed mainly due to poor feasibility study, inadequacy of hydrological data, non-involvement of relevant stakeholder and the complete absence of community based groups during engineering construction works. The study proposed a State-Non-state actors Integrated Model, which will be registered as a Corporate organization to plan and monitor environmental changes relating to climate change, flood and gully erosion disasters and with the active involvement of NEMA, SEMA, LEMA and other related agencies and NGO. Depending on the size of each Local Government Area in Benin, the proposed committee will comprise of 25-50 members. The study recommends capacity building of members in the form of training and re-training in the areas of early warning, preparedness, adaptation, emergency plan, data collection method/analysis, writing of research grants proposals to fund the activities of the committee and monitoring for environmental changes.
Climatic Variability and Estimation of Supplementary Irrigation Water Needs of Selected Food Crops in the Sokoto-Rima River Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Emeribe C. N. , Ogbomida E. T. , Enoma-Calus J. O.
Published: August 2019

The study investigated the effects of rainfall and temperature variability on crop water requirements of selected food crops in the Sokoto-Rima River Basin, Northwest of Nigeria. Rainfall and temperature datasets were obtained from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) TS 3.21 of the University of East Anglia, Norwich, for a period of 70 years (1943-2012). The suitability of CRU datasets were verified by correlating the datasets with measured rainfall data of Yelwa synoptic station, from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency. Selected food crops were used for estimating supplementary irrigation water needs in the River basin. Results of Mann-Kendal, Spearman’s Rho and linear regression tests showed strong evidence of increasing annual temperature and potential evapotranspiration with corresponding decrease in rainfall amounts, especially in the northern parts of the basin which houses big irrigation projects and dams such as the Goronyo Irrigation and the Bakolori Dam and Bakolori Irrigation Project. This will impact on the water availability within the basin, through reduction in surface and ground water supply for ongoing irrigation and other water resources projects. Water requirements for selected crops were modeled to ascertain crop sensitivity to climatic variability which will aid in the design of supplementary irrigation water needs models. Results showed that even in the rainfall months, supplementary irrigation of varying quantity is required to complement rainfall, most especially, in the northeast of the basin. Surprisingly, the month of May which marks commencement of rainfall, recorded the highest water need and this has implication for agriculture yields in the region.
Elephant Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) Mediated Phytoremediation of Crude Oil-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Bobor L. O. , Omosefe B. E.
Published: August 2019

Phytoremediation is an economic and environmentally friendly method for the remediation of hazardous crude oil contaminated soils. In this study, phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soils by elephant grass (pennisetum purpureum) was investigated over a 40-day period. Grass clumps were harvested and transplanted into plastic buckets filled with 1kg of soil contaminated with 30 ml and 40 ml of crude oil and an uncontaminated control sample. An additional control sample was contaminated with 30 ml of crude oil with no elephant grass. The samples were analyzed periodically for changes in pH, total hydrocarbon content, total viable bacterial count, and total fungal count. The pH of the soil samples generally ranged from 5.26 to 7.85. After 40 days of treatment, the total hydrocarbon content decreased from 320 mg/kg to 38 mg/kg and from 590 mg/kg to 46 mg/kg in samples contaminated with 30 ml and 40 ml of crude oil respectively. Plant growth was uninhibited in contaminated and control samples as the heights increased by 34.5-42.8 cm. The results of the study further demonstrate the phytoremediation capabilities and tolerance of elephant grass in crude-oil contaminated microcosms.
A Note on Legal Education, Its Specific Features and Related Myths
Authors: Król Małgorzata
Published: August 2019

The question of legal education is recognised as important along various dimensions and thus has been in the focus of attention of numerous distinguished legal scholars and practitioners all over the world. The problem of legal education includes not just methodological issues, but also the issues that are par excellence philosophical in nature. Legal education has a specificity that arises from the nature of law and its complexity, and is related to the personal dimension of this education. The process of education should be organised in such a way that students should be in contact with members of the legal community whose authority, moral and subject matter-related attributes play a vital, formative role in legal education. The author tries to confront the didactics-related reality with ideals and postulates present within this field. Yet, it is revealed that such a reality is hidden below a “thick layer” of myths, which have grown around legal education. These myths blur the real picture of lawyers’ education, creating a kind of legal education mythology. Two types of systemic legal myths are indicated. The first one is built on the paradigm of university legal education. The other type is based on the paradigm of university studies.
Punishing (Non-)Citizens
Authors: Peno Michał
Published: August 2019

If sociologists are to be trusted, reflexivity, focused on itself and devoid of any religious or at least ideological framework, leads to the weakening of control mechanisms. Such changes are accompanied by the polarization of social classes and by the exclusion of the so-called underclass (which certainly includes a vast majority of criminals) from the civil society. In the doctrine of criminal law of “mature modernism”, within the framework of a liberal-democratic state, the civil society, together with the idea of communication, is supposed to constitute a central reference point in the research on criminal liability. Reflexivity brings up new problems. New citizen-oriented criminal law is being shaped, based upon mediation and communication (e.g. restorative justice, Expressive Theory). The civil society does not include the area of politics or political nature of things, where the problem is not the justification of the punishment but the effectiveness of mere spatial isolation. In this sense, it is difficult to talk about the merits of the emancipation of an individual from the limitations imposed by the society. The weakening of any external authority and of political duties owed to the state is replaced by self-control proper to reflexive modernity only in cases where the individuals have adequate intellectual and ethical predispositions. Disappearance of the influence of external rules and values together with the mechanism of exclusion from the civil society results in the weakening of self-control and in selfish care only about one’s own perspective (but also in repressive subordination by the state). Such a state of affairs creates favourable conditions for objectifying criminal liability, abandoning the concept of guilt, and for attempts to provide an ethical justification of penalty – which are concepts taken from the “world of citizens”.
Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca’s Account of Analogy Applied to Law: the Proportional Model of Analogical Legal Reasoning
Authors: Koszowski Maciej
Published: August 2019

In this paper, the author has undertaken an attempt to adjust Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca’s conception of analogy to the province of law. He thus sketches out a pertinent scheme of legal analogy based upon the similarity of proportions and indulges in a consideration of the merits and demerits of such a proposition. To this aim, as the proportions that are compared in such an account of analogy, the relations between the facts of the cases and their legal outcomes were chosen: one such outcome already known and one tentatively posited. Finally, however, the author’s analyses lead to the conclusion that despite its considerable theoretical attractiveness and some mystical charm, legal analogy consisting of the comparison of two proportions is either quite similar to orthodox approaches to analogical reasoning in law or too obscure for one to employ it credibly in the legal setting. In consequence, until its proponents have elucidated the workings of proportional analogy in more detail, the potential use of such a form of analogy in the province of law does not seem promising and cannot be recommended.
Philosophical Roots of the Dialogical Concept of Law
Authors: Rossmanith Anna
Published: August 2019

The main task which I pose for myself is to indicate the philosophical roots of the dialogical concept of law. First and foremost, I would like to present dialogue in the context of ancient Greek philosophy and in the context of the classicists of the philosophy of dialogue. Furthermore, I seek phenomenological bases for constructing the dialogical concept of law. The phenomenological method, starting with its classical Husserlian form, has undergone many changes. Thanks to the indication of new horizons of phenomenology by Emmanuel Levinas, discovering dialogical consciousness and the subject constituted in being with the Other are possible. The reference point of reflections on the concept of law is the relationship with the Other as an ethical relationship. Philosophy of dialogue is a certain possible prism of thinking about the social, public, and institutional space. It is thinking through the prism of dialogue (speaking), but also through the third who contributes discourse relevant to what is said. Law as the third, as the mediating element, is a co-constituting element of the entire legal world.
PENENTUAN OPERATOR KARTU SELULER TERBAIK MENGGUNAKAN METODE AHP(ANALITYCAL HIERARCHY PROCESS)
Authors: Rizaldi Rizaldi
Published: August 2019

Abstract - The role of telecommunications technology is very important, especially in changing people's lives. The development of technology in the field of communication and information can now be enjoyed by various layers of society, starting from the upper layer, middle layer or lower layer even though the results are not satisfactory. The research entitled "Decision Support System Determination of the best cellular card operator using the AHP method" aims to provide convenience for consumers who want to buy cellular cards from various telecommunications operators according to their needs and save on bags. (economical). The number of cellular card operators provided by telecommunications makes it difficult for consumers to make the right choice, according to the desired criteria. Determining cellular cards with the AHP method is the right method to overcome the problem of determining the best cellular card with many criteria offered by each operator. These criteria include the purchase price of cellular cards, rates, promos and active periods. Keywords - Cellular card operator, Decision support system, Analitycal Hierarchy Process.
PERANCANGAN DAN PEMBUATAN GAME EDUKASI RIGHT THINKING DENGAN MENTODE GREEDY
Authors: Sirait Azrai
Published: August 2019

Abstrack - Right thinking education game is a software application that can be used as a learning media like other educational game applications. This educational game application can be installed using the Windows operating system. For computer users who like learning activities with educational games on a computer, it is strongly recommended to use this application even though this educational game application is still far from perfect with good software such as animation based educational games with macromedia flash and so on. The right thinking education game is unique compared to other educational games. This educational game has a special design in the system that can be updated on the contents of the practice questions. In this process it can be done by the users themselves without having to update via the internet or the payment process but it can be done very easily so the user is not bothered and the user can be more comfortable playing the right thinking game.   Keywords - Games, Education, Greedy, Analysis, Learning.
DATA MINING DALAM PENGELOMPOKAN JENIS DAN JUMLAH PEMBAGIAN ZAKAT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE CLUSTERING K-MEANS (STUDI KASUS: BADAN AMIL ZAKAT KOTA BENGKULU)
Authors: Prahasti Prahasti
Published: August 2019

Abstrack - This research applies data mining by grouping the types and recipients of zakat. The application is done by the k-means clustering algorithm where the data to be entered is grouped by education and type of work in the distribution of zakat. Then a cluster is formed using the centroid value to determine the closest center point of distance between data. In the k-means clustering algorithm data processing is stopped in the iteration count of the data has not changed (fixed data) from the data that has been grouped. The test is done by using the RapidMiner software experiment conducted by the k-means clustering method which consists of input units, data processing units and output units, k-means clustering grouping data 1-2-1-1, 1-2-1-2 and 3-4-3-4. The results obtained from these tests are grouping the distribution of zakat with each cluster not the same. The test results are displayed in slatter graph.  Keywords - Data Mining, K-Means Clusttering, Zakat
SISTEM INFORMASI PEMBELIAN DAN PENJUALAN PAKAIAN PADA GALOENK DISTRO PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Siregar Victor Marudut Mulia
Published: August 2019

Abstrack - Galoenk Distro is a store engaged in the sale of clothing in the city of Pematangsiantar. Processing data on the sale of goods on Galoenk distributions is still done by recording transactions manually on sales invoices and cash books, so that the control of clothing stock and the report making process is less efficient. The design of information systems for buying and selling clothing is done to overcome the inefficient data processing of purchases and sales at the store. This information system provides convenience in processing sales and purchase transactions and minimizes errors that occur in recording sales and sales data per period, so as to produce more precise and accurate sales and purchase reports.   Keywords - Information Systems, Sales, Purchases, Efficient, Accurate, Distro