bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microtubule teardrop patterns
Authors: Okeyoshi Kosuke , Kawamura Ryuzo , Yoshida Ryo , Osada Yoshihito
Published: March 2015

Several strategies for controlling microtubule patterns are developed because of the rigidity determined from the molecular structure and the geometrical structure. In contrast to the patterns in co-operation with motor proteins or associated proteins, microtubules have a huge potential for patterns via their intrinsic flexural rigidity. We discover that a microtubule teardrop pattern emerges via self-assembly under hydrodynamic flow from the parallel bundles without motor proteins. In the growth process, the bundles ultimately bend according to the critical bending curvature. Such protein pattern formation utilizing the intrinsic flexural rigidity will provide broad understandings of self-assembly of rigid rods, not only in biomolecules, but also in supramolecules.
Electrical stimulation alleviates depressive-like behaviors of rats: investigation of brain targets and potential mechanisms
Authors: Lim L W , Prickaerts J , Huguet G , Kadar E , Hartung H , Sharp T , Temel Y
Published: March 2015

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising therapy for patients with refractory depression. However, key questions remain with regard to which brain target(s) should be used for stimulation, and which mechanisms underlie the therapeutic effects. Here, we investigated the effect of DBS, with low- and high-frequency stimulation (LFS, HFS), in different brain regions (ventromedial prefrontal cortex, vmPFC; cingulate cortex, Cg; nucleus accumbens (NAc) core or shell; lateral habenula, LHb; and ventral tegmental area) on a variety of depressive-like behaviors using rat models. In the naive animal study, we found that HFS of the Cg, vmPFC, NAc core and LHb reduced anxiety levels and increased motivation for food. In the chronic unpredictable stress model, there was a robust depressive-like behavioral phenotype. Moreover, vmPFC HFS, in a comparison of all stimulated targets, produced the most profound antidepressant effects with enhanced hedonia, reduced anxiety and decreased forced-swim immobility. In the following set of electrophysiological and histochemical experiments designed to unravel some of the underlying mechanisms, we found that vmPFC HFS evoked a specific modulation of the serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), which have long been linked to mood. Finally, using a neuronal mapping approach by means of c-Fos expression, we found that vmPFC HFS modulated a brain circuit linked to the DRN and known to be involved in affect. In conclusion, HFS of the vmPFC produced the most potent antidepressant effects in naive rats and rats subjected to stress by mechanisms also including the DRN.
Stress inoculation modeled in mice
Authors: Brockhurst J , Cheleuitte-Nieves C , Buckmaster C L , Schatzberg A F , Lyons D M
Published: March 2015

Stress inoculation entails intermittent exposure to mildly stressful situations that present opportunities to learn, practice and improve coping in the context of exposure psychotherapies and resiliency training. Here we investigate behavioral and hormonal aspects of stress inoculation modeled in mice. Mice randomized to stress inoculation or a control treatment condition were assessed for corticosterone stress hormone responses and behavior during open-field, object-exploration and tail-suspension tests. Stress inoculation training sessions that acutely increased plasma levels of corticosterone diminished subsequent immobility as a measure of behavioral despair on tail-suspension tests. Stress inoculation also decreased subsequent freezing in the open field despite comparable levels of thigmotaxis in mice from both treatment conditions. Stress inoculation subsequently decreased novel-object exploration latencies and reduced corticosterone responses to repeated restraint. These results demonstrate that stress inoculation acutely stimulates glucocorticoid signaling and then enhances subsequent indications of active coping behavior in mice. Unlike mouse models that screen for the absence of vulnerability to stress or presence of traits that occur in resilient individuals, stress inoculation training reflects an experience-dependent learning-like process that resembles interventions designed to build resilience in humans. Mouse models of stress inoculation may provide novel insights for new preventive strategies or therapeutic treatments of human psychiatric disorders that are triggered and exacerbated by stressful life events.
Glyconanotechnology and Disease: Gold Nanoparticles Coated with Glycosides as Multivalent Systems for Potential Applications in Diagnostics and Therapy
Authors: Marradi Marco , Chiodo Fabrizio , García Isabel
Published: April 2015

Gold nanoparticles functionalised with glycosides (gold glyconanoparticles, GNP) allow nanotechnology-oriented research in biological processes where carbohydrates are involved. One important characteristic of these hybrid nanomaterials is related to glycan valency (number of glycan copies per nanoparticle). Multimerisation of glycosides onto nanoscaffolds usually results in increasing the affinity of the monovalent carbohydrate for the biological counterpart (carbohydrate-binding proteins, such as lectins), with implications for the design of multivalent inhibitors. Another key issue is related to functionality and modality, due to the opportunity to tailor different types of molecules (not limited to glycosides) on the same GNP and to vary its nucleus composition, size and shape. Multimodal imaging probes (luminescent components for optical imaging, magnetic elements for MRI, plasmonic properties for ultrasensitive and real-time detection techniques), targeted drug delivery systems and/or bionanomaterials for photothermal therapy can be potentially generated. In the field of diagnostics, nanobiosensors for in vitro detection of pathologies are the most promising device to reach the clinic, while the administration of GNP in vivo is appealing but still has to fully overcome toxicity concerns. In addition to functional properties, the presence of carbohydrates in the organic shell can radically improve the biocompatibility, stability and water dispersibility of gold nanostructures.
Boosting Humoral Immune Responses to Tumor-associated Carbohydrate Antigens with Virus-like Particles
Authors: Yin Zhaojun , Huang Xuefei
Published: April 2015

The development of carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines is an attractive approach towards the prevention and treatment of cancer. The weak immunogenicity of carbohydrate antigens and tolerance by the immune system are major obstacles towards the design of effective cancer vaccines. Recently, virus-like particles have been shown to be a promising platform to overcome the aforementioned difficulties. In this chapter, we provide an overview on the structural and immunological features of virus-like particles in eliciting anti-carbohydrate antibody responses. The immuno-potentiating activities of several virus-like particle systems are compared, and insights into critical factors of virus-like particles that help shape the anti-carbohydrate responses are discussed.
Carbohydrate-containing Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors (MMPIs): A Second Childhood for Sulfonamidic Inhibitors?
Authors: Nativi Cristina , Richichi Barbara , Roelens Stefano
Published: April 2015

Among the plethora of synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) reported in the last three decades, a prominent position is enjoyed by sulfonamidic inhibitors, a family of which N-isobutyl-N-[(4-methoxyphenylsulfonyl)glycyl]hydroxamic acid (NNGH) is the most popular progenitor. Great expectations in terms of clinical applicability, and corresponding bitter disappointments, have followed the research endeavors dedicated to this family of structures endowed with nanomolar affinities for MMPIs. Too many failures inhibited the interest of academia and industry rather than MMPs so that sulfonamidic inhibitors and, in general, the whole family of MMPIs, suffered from a drop of attention. Recent advances, however, have shed new light on the structural relationship existing between MMPIs and their hosts, bringing the design of innovative molecules to a new life. Tailored inhibitors overcoming some of the limitations suffered by the original NNGH-related structures have been achieved without compromising the high affinity for MMPs. A deeper structural insight and a new approach to MMP targeting may indeed induce a renaissance for this class of compounds.
Label-free fluorescence detection of mercury ions based on the regulation of the Ag autocatalytic reaction
Authors: Dai Haichao , Ni Pengjuan , Sun Yujing , Hu Jingting , Jiang Shu , Wang Yilin , Li Zhuang
Published: March 2015

This work reports on a fluorescent sensor for Hg2+ based on the inhibition of the Ag(i)-mediated oxidation of o-phenylenediamine into fluorescent 2,3-diaminophenazine.
Electro-catalytic oxidation of hemicelluloses at the Au electrode
Authors: Sugano Yasuhito , Saloranta Tiina , Bobacka Johan , Ivaska Ari
Published: March 2015

The recently reported electro-catalytic reaction mechanism for the oxidation of cellulose is proposed to work also for the electro-oxidation of other polysaccharides (e.g. hemicelluloses).
Exploring the electronic properties and cation complexation of polyoxoaurates [AuIII4X4Om]n−(X = SiIV, PV, GeIV, AsV, and SeIV) using quantum chemical calculations
Authors: Wu Caixia , Ma Tengying , Yan Likai , Zhang Ting , Su Zhongmin
Published: March 2015

Quantum chemical calculations show that the heteropolyoxoaurates are expected to play a role in self-assembly characteristics, ion recognition and guest-switchable redox properties.
Design and synthesis of sugar-triazole based uracil appended sugar-imine derivatives – an application in DNA binding studies
Authors: Hemamalini Arasappan , Azhagiya Singam Ettayapuram Ramaprasad , Mudedla Sathish Kumar , Subramanian Venkatesan , Mohan Das Thangamuthu
Published: March 2015

The interaction of the sugar-triazoles with CT-DNA was explored, which revealed that all the compounds could interact with CT-DNA through groove binding, which was further supported by the docking analysis.
One-step synthesis of Ag–reduced graphene oxide–multiwalled carbon nanotubes for enhanced antibacterial activities
Authors: Shahriary Leila , Nair Roopa , Sabharwal Sushma , Athawale Anjali A.
Published: March 2015

A silver nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide–multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Ag–rGO–MWCNTs) hybrid exhibits an excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli).
PEG-b-AGE polymer coated magnetic nanoparticle probes with facile functionalization and anti-fouling properties for reducing non-specific uptake and improving biomarker targeting
Authors: Li Yuancheng , Lin Run , Wang Liya , Huang Jing , Wu Hui , Cheng Guojun , Zhou Zhengyang , MacDonald Tobey , Yang Lily , Mao Hui
Published: April 2015

PEG-b-AGE copolymer has been developed for IONP coating to provide anti-biofouling property and improve biomarker targeting.
Cyromazine imprinted polymers for selective stir bar sorptive extraction of melamine in animal feed and milk samples
Authors: Fan Wenying , Gao Mingqi , He Man , Chen Beibei , Hu Bin
Published: March 2015

A molecularly imprinted polymer coated stir bar was prepared using a self-designed polytetrafluoroethylene mold andin situpolymerization, with cyromazine as dummy template for target melamine.
Determination of metoprolol tartrate and bisoprolol fumarate by capillary electrophoresis coupled with tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)-ruthenium(ii) electrochemiluminescence detection and study on the interaction between the drugs and human serum albumin
Authors: Duan Hong-Bing , Cao Jun-Tao , Wang Hui , Liu Yan-Ming
Published: March 2015

Separation and determination of metoprolol tartrate and bisoprolol fumarate by CE-ECL detection.
Photoluminescent nanosensors for intracellular detection
Authors: Kerr C. A. , de la Rica R.
Published: April 2015

Main strategies for detecting changes in intracellular parameters (pH, ion concentration, reactive oxygen species, temperature, RNA levels and enzymatic activity) with photoluminescent nanosensors are reviewed in detail.
Diastereoselective synthesis of P-chirogenic phosphoramidate prodrugs of nucleoside analogues (ProTides) via copper catalysed reaction
Authors: Pertusati F. , McGuigan C.
Published: April 2015

The first example of transition metal assisted diastereoselective synthesis of phosphoramidate of nucleoside analogues is presented.
Copper-catalyzed tandem phosphination–decarboxylation–oxidation of alkynyl acids with H-phosphine oxides: a facile synthesis of β-ketophosphine oxides
Authors: Zhang Pengbo , Zhang Liangliang , Gao Yuzhen , Xu Jian , Fang Hua , Tang Guo , Zhao Yufen
Published: March 2015

The general method for the tandem phosphination–decarboxylation–oxidation of alkynyl acids under aerobic conditions has been developed.
Geometric stability and reaction activity of Pt clusters adsorbed graphene substrates for catalytic CO oxidation
Authors: Tang Yanan , Lu Zhansheng , Chen Weiguang , Li Wei , Dai Xianqi
Published: April 2015

The dissociation of O2and the CO oxidation on the Pt4/O-graphene are investigated through comparing the Langmuir–Hinshelwood and Eley–Rideal mechanisms.
The low coordination number of nitrogen in hard tungsten nitrides: a first-principles study
Authors: Zhao Zhonglong , Bao Kuo , Duan Defang , Tian Fubo , Huang Yanping , Yu Hongyu , Liu Yunxian , Liu Bingbing , Cui Tian
Published: March 2015

The study of the structure of the W–N system at 0–100 GPa reveals a simplified N coordination feature of the ground states, stemming from the enhanced W–N bonding.
Tunable electronic properties in the van der Waals heterostructure of germanene/germanane
Authors: Zhang Run-wu , Zhang Chang-wen , Ji Wei-xiao , Li Feng , Ren Miao-juan , Li Ping , Yuan Min , Wang Pei-ji
Published: March 2015

We investigate the structural and electronic properties of germanene/germanane heterostructures. The band gap in these heterostructures can be effectively modulated by the external electric field and strain. These results provide a route to design high-performance FETs operating at room temperature in nanodevices.
Two-step magnetic switching in a mononuclear iron(ii) complex around room temperature
Authors: Yang Qian , Cheng Xin , Wang YeXin , Wang BingWu , Wang ZheMing , Gao Song
Published: April 2015

A mononuclear Fe(ii) complex displays two-step SCO with Tc1↓ = 250 K, Tc1↑ = 260 K and Tc2 = 295 K.
A hybrid ruthenium alkynyl/zinc porphyrin “Cross Fourchée” with large cubic NLO properties
Authors: Merhi Areej , Grelaud Guillaume , Green Katy A. , Minh Ngo Hoang , Reynolds Michael , Ledoux Isabelle , Barlow Adam , Wang Genmiao , Cifuentes Marie P. , Humphrey Mark G. , Paul Frédéric , Paul-Roth Christine O.
Published: March 2015

An impressive cubic nonlinear optical coefficient (γTHG) was determined by third-harmonic generation at 1907 nm for a new star-shaped Zn(ii) porphyrin-based metallo-dendrimer containing twelve Ru(ii) centers.
Turning a “useless” ligand into a “useful” ligand: a magneto-structural study of an unusual family of CuII wheels derived from functionalised phenolic oximes
Authors: Frost Jamie M. , Stirling Robert J. , Sanz Sergio , Vyas Nidhi , Nichol Gary S. , Rajaraman Gopalan , Brechin Euan K.
Published: April 2015

Derivatised phenolic oxime ligands can be used to construct polymetallic CuII cages.
Electrochemical-acoustic time of flight: in operando correlation of physical dynamics with battery charge and health
Authors: Hsieh A. G. , Bhadra S. , Hertzberg B. J. , Gjeltema P. J. , Goy A. , Fleischer J. W. , Steingart D. A.
Published: March 2015

Electrochemical-acoustic time of flight analysis for simplein operandodetermination of mechanical evolution, state-of-charge, and state-of-health of any closed battery.
Electrochemistry of La0.3Sr0.7Fe0.7Cr0.3O3−δ as an oxygen and fuel electrode for RSOFCs
Authors: Molero-Sánchez Beatriz , Addo Paul , Buyukaksoy Aligul , Paulson Scott , Birss Viola
Published: March 2015

The use of a single porous mixed ion-electron conducting (MIEC) material as both the oxygen and fuel electrodes in reversible solid oxide cells is of increasing interest, primarily due to the resulting simplified cell design and lower manufacturing costs. In this work, La0.3Sr0.7Fe0.7Cr0.3O3−δ (LSFCr-3) was studied in a 3-electrode half-cell configuration in air, pure CO2 and in a 1 : 1 CO2 : CO mixture, over a temperature range of 650–800 °C. A detailed analysis of the impedance (EIS) data, under both open circuit and polarized conditions, as well as the cyclic voltammetry response of LSFCr-3 has shown that it is very active in all of these environments, but with oxygen evolution being somewhat more facile that oxygen reduction, and CO2 reduction more active than CO oxidation. Evidence for a chemical capacitance, associated with the Fe3+/4+ redox process in LSFCr-3, was also obtained from the EIS and CV data in all gas environments.
Broadening the chemical scope of laccases: selective deprotection of N-benzyl groups
Authors: Martínez-Montero Lía , Díaz-Rodríguez Alba , Gotor Vicente , Gotor-Fernández Vicente , Lavandera Iván
Published: March 2015

The chemoselective deprotection of N-benzylated primary amines, amino esters, diamines and amino alcohols in aqueous media using molecular oxygen as a mild oxidant has been demonstrated combining laccase from Trametes versicolor and TEMPO.
Quantifying N-heterocyclic carbenes as umpolung catalysts in the benzoin reaction: balance between nucleophilicity and electrophilicity
Authors: Schumacher Maria , Goldfuss Bernd
Published: March 2015

Different types of N-heterocyclic carbenes, i.e. normal, reduced heteroatom stabilized, remote and abnormal carbenes, are computationally assessed (THF-CPCM-B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d)) in the benzoin reaction to study their characteristics as umpolung catalysts.
Tunable high aspect ratio polymer nanostructures for cell interfaces
Authors: Beckwith Kai Sandvold , Cooil Simon P. , Wells Justin W. , Sikorski Pawel
Published: April 2015

High aspect ratio SU-8 nanostructures on glass are developed as a flexible platform for manipulating and studying cell-substrate interfaces.
Cotton-derived bulk and fiber aerogels grafted with nitrogen-doped graphene
Authors: Wang Chunhui , Li Yibin , He Xiaodong , Ding Yujie , Peng Qingyu , Zhao Wenqi , Shi Enzheng , Wu Shiting , Cao Anyuan
Published: April 2015

Bulk or meter-long fiber shaped aerogels containing a significant amount of nitrogen-doped graphene (N-graphene) sheets grafted on carbonized cellulose fibers were fabricated from raw cotton and urea.
Antibacterial activities of TiO2nanotubes on Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Shi Xiaoguo , Xu Quan , Tian Ang , Tian Yulou , Xue Xiangxin , Sun Hongjing , Yang He , Dong Chenbo
Published: March 2015

The potential impacts of TiO2nanotubes onPorphyromonas gingivalisgrowth and drug resistance were investigated. TiO2nanotubes antibacterial performance can be manipulated with the photocatalytic activity as well as the geometry characteristic.
Enhanced electrochemical oxidation of phenol using a hydrophobic TiO2-NTs/SnO2-Sb-PTFE electrode prepared by pulse electrodeposition
Authors: Wu Weiyi , Huang Zhao-Hong , Lim Teik-Thye
Published: March 2015

Novel TiO2-NTs/SnO2-Sb-PTFE electrodes were fabricated by pulse electrodeposition with higher oxygen evolution potential, improved surface hydrophobicity and enhanced electrocatalytic activity.
Polydopamine coated SPEEK membrane for a vanadium redox flow battery
Authors: Xi Jingyu , Dai Wenjing , Yu Lihong
Published: April 2015

The PDA coated SPEEK membrane exhibits excellent cell efficiency and superior cycle stability for a vanadium redox flow battery.
Precise control of nanoparticle surface by host–guest chemistry for delivery to tumor
Authors: Matsui Hisato , Ueda Motoki , Hara Isao , Kimura Shunsaku
Published: April 2015

A nanocarrier with a diameter less than 30 nm was prepared here by using host–guest chemistry. A defined number of functionalized guests was incorporated in the nanocarrier, which was a nice tumor imaging probe without showing the ABC phenomenon.
Raspberry-like morphology of polyvinyl chloride/zinc oxide nanoparticles induced by surface interaction and formation of nanoporous foam
Authors: Ren Tingting , Wang Jie , Yuan Jinfeng , Pan Mingwang , Liu Gang , Zhang Guanglin , Zhong Gan-Ji , Li Zhong-Ming
Published: April 2015

P(VC-co-AAEM)/ZnO nanoparticles are prepared by a nano-coating method, and the morphology of the raspberry-like particles is adjusted by hydrophilicity and NaOH concentration.
Nitroxide radical polymer/carbon-nanotube-array electrodes with improved C-rate performance in organic radical batteries
Authors: Lin Chun-Hao , Lee Jyh-Tsung , Yang Dong-Rong , Chen Hsiu-Wei , Wu Shao-Tzu
Published: April 2015

The intimate connection between carbon nanotubes and the current collector reduces electron-transfer resistance of the cathode and enhances the C-rate performance of the batteries.
Effect of Keggin-type heteropolyacids on the hydrocracking of Jatropha oil
Authors: Fan Kai , Liu Jing , Yang Xiaoyi , Rong Long
Published: March 2015

Keggin-type heteropolyacids could increase the iso-alkane content of the product oil obtained from the hydrocracking of Jatropha oil.
3-Substituted 6-oxoverdazyl bent-core nematic radicals: synthesis and characterization
Authors: Ciastek Sylwia , Jasiński Marcin , Kaszyński Piotr
Published: March 2015

Bent-core mesogens containing the 6-oxoverdazyl as the central angular unit exhibit rare nematic behavior.
Synthesis of carbon microrings using polymer blends as templates
Authors: Kumar Kamlesh , Boonstra Marjon , Loos Katja
Published: March 2015

Carbon microrings were produced using a template based on phase separation of amylose/pentadecyl phenol (PDP)/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixtures.
Effect of reducing catalyst coke by La loading in hydrocracking of Jatropha oil
Authors: Fan Kai , Yang Xiaoyi , Liu Jing , Rong Long
Published: April 2015

La loading could reduce the carbonaceous deposition (coke) on catalysts for the hydrocracking of Jatropha oil.
Photodynamic effect of glycochlorin conjugates in human cancer epithelial cells
Authors: Gomes A. T. P. C. , Faustino M. A. F. , Neves M. G. P. M. S. , Ferreira V. F. , Juarranz A. , Cavaleiro J. A. S. , Sanz-Rodríguez F.
Published: April 2015

The effect of glycochlorins in HeLa cells shows that the galactose conjugate is the most efficient photosensitizer.
Hydrogenated black TiO2nanowires decorated with Ag nanoparticles as sensitive and reusable surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates
Authors: Shan Yufeng , Yang Yong , Cao Yanqin , Yin Hao , Long Nguyen Viet , Huang Zhengren
Published: March 2015

Ag nanoparticle decorated hydrogenated TiO2nanowires are fabricated as surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates that are self-cleaning and reusable, and show high reproducibility, sensitivity, and stability.
Morphology of lipid-like structured weak polyelectrolyte poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers induced by confinements
Authors: Mu Dan , Li Jian-Quan , Feng Sheng-Yu
Published: April 2015

Non-neutral wall confinement was found to be a novel method to produce crossed columnar phase.
Radically grown obelisk-like ZnO arrays for perovskite solar cell fibers and fabrics through a mild solution process
Authors: He Sisi , Qiu Longbin , Fang Xin , Guan Guozhen , Chen Peining , Zhang Zhitao , Peng Huisheng
Published: March 2015

Perovskite solar cell fibers and fabrics based on aligned ZnO nano-obelisks have been fabricated with efficiencies that are maintained after deformation.
Novel high-temperature supercapacitor combined dye sensitized solar cell from a sulfated β-cyclodextrin/PVP/MnCO3 composite
Authors: Selvam S. , Balamuralitharan B. , Karthick S. N. , Savariraj A. Dennyson , Hemalatha K. V. , Kim Soo-Kyoung , Kim Hee-Je
Published: March 2015

A novel sulfated β-cyclodextrin/PVP/MnCO3 composite has been synthesized for a parallel-connected supercapacitor and dye-sensitized solar cell (counter electrode).
Aggregation enhanced pure violet emission of a spiral meta-polyfluorene by supramolecular control of excimer formation
Authors: Du Luyang , Mo Yueqi , Wu Xiaoyan , Huang Jinchang , Liu Linlin , Pan Yuyu , Hu Dehua , Xie Zengqi , Yang Bing , Ma Yuguang
Published: April 2015

Violet emission of meta-polyfluorene is enhanced by restrained excimer formation in double helix-like inter chain entangled aggregates.
Methods to pattern liquid metals
Authors: Joshipura Ishan D. , Ayers Hudson R. , Majidi Carmel , Dickey Michael D.
Published: March 2015

This highlight overviews state-of-the-art methods to pattern liquid metals for use in microfluidics and electronic components that are soft, stretchable, and shape reconfigurable.
Bio-inspired iridescent layer-by-layer assembled cellulose nanocrystal Bragg stacks
Authors: Tzeng P. , Hewson D. J. , Vukusic P. , Eichhorn S. J. , Grunlan J. C.
Published: April 2015

The layer-by-layer fabricated systems exhibited similar optical behavior to the Coleoptera beetle, reflecting the desired color and displaying iridescent behavior.
Electronic, charge and magnetic interactions in three-centre systems
Authors: Paretzki Alexa , Hübner Ralph , Ye Shengfa , Bubrin Martina , Kämper Sara , Kaim Wolfgang
Published: April 2015

Variable kinds of coupling have been observed for copper–bis(radical) complexes.
Allergische Rhinitis im Kontext der chronischen Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Geißler K. , Guntinas-Lichius O.
Published: April 2015

Die chronische Rhinosinusitis gehört zu den häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen. Eine wichtige Ursache ist die allergische Rhinitis. Beide Erkrankungen und die Kombination von beiden, die im Mittelpunkt dieses Weiterbildungsbeitrags stehen, als auch die Abklärung und Behandlung der Differenzialdiagnosen gehören in die Hände des HNO-Arztes. Letztendlich ist nicht geklärt, warum eine allergische Rhinitis zu einer chronischen Rhinosinusitis führt. Zur Diagnostik und Therapie der allergischen Rhinosinusitis steht als Behandlungsrichtlinie eine Reihe von gut ausgearbeiteten nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien zur Verfügung. Dieser Beitrag stellt die wichtigsten aktuellen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Verfahren zur Behandlung derallergischen Rhinitis im Kindesalter und im Erwachsenenalter vor.
Minimizing the Submandibular Incision in Endoscopic Subcondylar Fracture Repair
Authors: Aboelatta YasserAbdallah , Elbarbary Amir S. , Abdelazeem Sarah , Massoud Karim S. , Safe Ikram I.
Published: March 2015

Endoscope-assisted treatment of mandibular condylar fractures is an evolving surgical technique of this controversial subject. The approach is performed through an intraoral and additional submandibular incision. This study presents a technique for minimizing the length of the optional submandibular incision. Ten patients with displaced subcondylar fractures and malocclusion underwent endoscope-assisted open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). A limited (<1 cm) submandibular incision (dissected under endoscopic guidance from within) was needed in eight patients to complement the intraoral incision and facilitate the reduction in the fractures. Satisfactory small scar could be obtained in all patients with neither wound complications nor facial nerve injuries. Our technique depends on dissection first then incision. Performing the external incision after complete intraoral dissection is safe for the facial nerve and minimizes scarring markedly. This very limited submandibular incision facilitates reduction in relatively difficult cases and enables clear visualization of posterior border of the mandible to confirm adequate fracture reduction.
Two-Stage Cranioplasty: Tissue Expansion Directly over the Craniectomy Defect Prior to Cranioplasty
Authors: dos Santos Rubio EllianneJacira , Bos Eelke M. , Dammers Ruben , Koudstaal Maarten J. , Dumans Anton G.
Published: March 2015

Performing a skull reconstruction for a long-term existing large cranium defect usually needs either skin enhancement or skin flaps and cranioplasty. This procedure can be accompanied with aesthetic and functional complications. The presented case describes a 27-year-old man in need of a cranial reconstruction following decompressive craniectomy as treatment for severe traumatic brain injury. Autologous cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy failed due to bone flap infection. Because of cognitive behavioral problems, a protective helmet needed to be worn in awaiting cranioplasty. The final titanium cranioplasty was placed subsequent to scalp expansion. The expansion was realized by placing a temporary and custom-made polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plate over the defect with a tissue expander on top of it, using the existing scar and skull defect. Our reported technique avoids additional skin flap creation and accompanied complications such as additional scalp and bone damage. In cognitive damaged patients who need to wear a helmet constantly, this simple method provides, concurrently, protection of the brain and tissue expansion. We demonstrate a successful novel technical manner to provide scalp enhancement by positioning a temporary PMMA graft over the skull defect and placing the tissue expander on top of it.
Sync&Share North Rhine-Westphalia: A Case on a University-based Cloud Computing Service Provider
Authors: Öksüz Ayten , Walter Nicolai , Compeau Deborah , Vogl Raimund , Rudolph Dominik , Becker Jörg
Published: March 2015

Raimund Vogl is the project leader of a large-scale project that aims to introduce a university-based cloud storage service to major German universities. He needs to convince other universities to join the project. The case is based on a real situation and shows real challenges. The university-based scenario helps students to better put themselves in the context of the case. Furthermore, the case serves to teach the basic principles, risks, and benefits of cloud computing. The main challenge faced by the protagonist is to come up with a plan for organizational and user adoption. Accordingly, several technology-related theories can be used. In addition to user adoption theories such as the technology acceptance model, this case demonstrates the need of Sync&Share NRW to be perceived as a trustworthy provider. The case helps to understand the concept of trust, the relationship between trust and cloud computing acceptance, and ways to gain trust in the context of cloud computing.
Asymptotic regimes for the electrical and thermal conductivities in dense plasmas
Authors: Faussurier G. , Blancard C.
Published: April 2015

We study the asymptotic regimes for the electrical and thermal conductivities in dense plasmas obtained by combining the Chester–Thellung–Kubo–Greenwood approach and the Kramers approximation [Faussurier et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 092706 (2014)]. Non-degenerate and degenerate situations are considered. The Wiedemann–Franz law is obtained in the degenerate case.
Novel type-II material system for laser applications in the near-infrared regime
Authors: Berger C. , Möller C. , Hens P. , Fuchs C. , Stolz W. , Koch S. W. , Ruiz Perez A. , Hader J. , Moloney J. V.
Published: April 2015

The design and experimental realization of a type-II “W”-multiple quantum well heterostructure for emission in the λ > 1.2 μm range is presented. The experimental photoluminescence spectra for different excitation intensities are analyzed using microscopic quantum theory. On the basis of the good theory–experiment agreement, the gain properties of the system are computed using the semiconductor Bloch equations. Gain values comparable to those of type-I systems are obtained.
Preparation of Uniform Poly (Acrylamide-co-DVB) Microspheres in a Low Toxicity Solvent by Dispersion Polymerization
Authors: He Jie , Yue Xiang'an , Sun Yu , Feng Xuegang , Tan Xin
Published: March 2015

Uniform poly (acrylamide-co-DVB) microspheres (DVB = divinylbenzene) with number-average diameter varying from 1.65 to 2.86 µm and polydispersity index from 1.011 to 1.176 were prepared in a low toxicity solvent, i.e. ethanol/water mixtures, by dispersion polymerization using octylphenol polyoxyethylene (10) ether as the stabilizer and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator. The parameters, such as solvent composition, initiator concentration, and monomer composition, which influence both the product yield and morphology, were investigated by gravimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that for the formation of uniform microspheres, there exists a threshold for each parameter. At the maximum threshold, blobs would apparently appear on the surface of the microspheres. Below or above the thresholds would result in doublet- or triplet-shaped particles, flocs, or a mixture of both. The yield of the uniform microspheres could be up to ~35 % by changing the parameters moderately within the threshold range.
Hybrid Pyrazolyl-1,2,3-Triazolyl Tripodal Tetraamine Ligands: Click Synthesis and Cobalt(III) Complexes
Authors: Cubanski John R. , Reish Matthew E. , Blackman Allan G. , Steel Peter J. , Gordon Keith C. , McMorran David A. , Crowley James D.
Published: March 2015

A family of tripodal tetraamine ligands incorporating two pyrazolyl and one 1,2,3-triazolyl donor arm have been synthesized in modest-to-excellent yields (42–90 %) using the copper(i)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. Mono-, bis-, and tris-tripodal ligand scaffolds were readily generated using this method. The coordination chemistry of the ligands with cobalt(iii) ions has been studied, and cobalt(iii) carbonato complexes of the ligands have been isolated and characterized spectroscopically and crystallographically. X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy of the mono-metallic complexes showed that racemic mixtures of the cis-isomer are formed selectively. The di- and tri-metallic systems could not be crystallized, but NMR spectroscopy indicates that these compounds were isolated as mixtures of stereoisomers.
Evaluation of health promotion training for the Western Australian Aboriginal maternal and child health sector
Authors: Wilkins Alexa , Lobo Roanna C. , Griffin Denese M. , Woods Heather A.
Published: March 2015

Issue addressed

The evaluation of health promotion training for the Western Australian (WA) Aboriginal maternal and child health (MCH) sector.

Methods

Fifty‐one MCH professionals from five regions in WA who attended one of three health promotion short courses in 2012–2013 were invited to complete an online survey or a telephone interview, between 4 to 17 months post‐course. Respondents were asked how they had utilised the information and resources from the training and to identify the enabling factors or barriers to integrating health promotion into their work practices subsequently.

Results

Overall response rate was 33% (n = 17); 94% of respondents reported they had utilised the information and resources from the course and 76% had undertaken health promotion activities since attending the course. Building contacts with other MCH providers and access to planning tools were identified as valuable components of the course. Barriers to translating knowledge into practice included financial constraints and lack of organisational support for health promotion activity.

Conclusions

Health promotion training provides participants with the skills and confidence to deliver health promotion strategies in their communities. The training presents an opportunity to build health professionals' capacity to address some determinants of poor health outcomes among pregnant Aboriginal women and their babies.
Multiple lines of evidence clarify limits of Allocasuarina thalassoscopica, A. defungens and A. littoralis (Allocasuarina sect. Cylindropitys, Casuarinaceae)
Authors: Rose Phillip F. , Wilson Karen L. , Telford Ian R. H. , Lamont Robert W. , Bruhl Jeremy J.
Published: March 2015

Uncertainty in identifying Allocasuarina shrubs of the North Coast botanical region of New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland prompted investigation of species limits using morphological and cytological data. PATN analysis using 36 morphometric characters, seedling morphology and cytogenetic analysis supported the existing circumscription of A. defungens and A. simulans. Trees of A. littoralis were observed throughout the study area and the distinct morphology of the diploid and polyploid forms is noted. Further work is required to establish whether these differences are consistent over the full range of the species. Shrubby plants of A. sect. Cylindropitys, other than the above species, growing along the NSW North Coast are currently known by several names, including A. defungens×A. littoralis. These plants were found to be morphologically most similar to A. emuina and A. thalassoscopica from south-eastern Queensland and to have similar phenotypes. Allocasuarina thalassoscopica is recircumscribed on morphological characters to encompass these shrubby plants in New South Wales and A. emuina and A. thalassoscopica from south-eastern Queensland. A key is provided for identification of plants of A. sect. Cylindropitys. Counts of chromosomes found that recircumscribed A. thalassoscopica is tetraploid and A. defungens is triploid at Nabiac but tetraploid at Khappinghat Nature Reserve. The results of the present study are consistent with a hypothesis of parallel evolution, which is possibly due to edaphic factors and requires further study.
A corpus-based diachronic investigation of metaphorical containers of sadness in English
Authors: Ding Yan , Noël Dirk
Published: April 2015

This paper addresses the question of conceptual diversity in the seat of emotions via a corpus-based case study of diachronic variation in the metaphorical containers of sadness in English. Data sourced from Literature Online, Early English Books Online and the British National Corpus reveal three types of metaphorical containers of sadness: (1) the human body in general and whatever is either literally internal to it, or at least often conceptualized as such, such as the heart and the soul; (2) external body parts and different kinds of superficial body features, such as the eyes and the voice; and (3) containers that are not inherently connected with the human body, such as a room and a sonnet. A comparison between the types of metaphorical containers in different periods shows that whereas the percentage of the third type of containers remains constant by and large, there has been a noticeable increase in the percentage of the second type of containers and a quite obvious decrease in the percentage of the first type of containers. It is argued that the diachronic variation in the relative frequencies of the two types of containers may have been related to a shift in the general conception of body and emotions, and specifically to the gradual disintegration of humoral theory.
A Cognitive Grammar approach to the SLocPAdjC in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Zhang Keding
Published: April 2015

SLocPAdjC (Locative subject + adjective-predicate construction) is an idiosyncratic construction in Mandarin Chinese. It has its own specific structural and cognitive properties which are different from those of other constructions. Its structural properties are that it has locative phrases as its subject and adjective phrases as its predicate without the help of any linking verb. In addition, only state adjectives, and not property adjectives, can normally occur in SLocPAdjC as predicates. As is observed from the Cognitive Grammar perspective, what the predicate describes in SLocPAdjC is not the subject proper, but a certain facet of the spatial region of the entity designated by the subject. This depends on two cognitive mechanisms. One is the spatial region profiling mechanism of the subject, and the other is the active zone activating mechanism of the predicate. The former means that the signified entity of the nominal phrase in the subject functions as the base. The postposition serves to profile a certain spatial region of the base and makes this region a prominent candidate for the predicate to describe. The latter means that the adjective in the predicate, based on the cognitive domain it belongs to, activates a certain facet of or in the spatial region as the active zone which eventually becomes the actual matter to be described by the predicate. What’s more important, the meaning of the SLocPAdjC in Mandarin Chinese resides in the joint function of the profiling mechanism of the subject and the activating mechanism of the adjective-predicate.
“The reader is desired to observe…”
Authors: Domínguez-Rodríguez M. Victoria , Rodríguez-Álvarez Alicia
Published: April 2015

The prefaces to English school grammars of the eighteenth century may be conceptualised as a frame of reference for the authorial voice behind them. To promote and boost the sales of their works, grammarians generally wrote sound, meaningful prefaces that combined propositional content with metadiscursive comments. Therefore, this kind of prefatory material falls within the scope of what Genette (1997: 1–2) calls the “paratextual apparatus” of a work, which aims to provide the reader with essential information for the correct reception, understanding and perusal of the book. This paper focuses on grammarians’ textual and interpersonal metacomments as thoughtful strategies to guide the reader carefully through the text, as well as to shape the contents and message of the book at various levels (Hyland 2000; Lorés-Sanz 2006: 92). To this end, a study corpus of fifteen English school grammars has been retrieved from the ECEG Database (2010) by restricting two search parameters: target audience and authors’ place of birth.
On the influence of the standard norm of Haitian Creole on the Cap Haïtien dialect
Authors: Valdman Albert , Villeneuve Anne-José , Siegel Jason F.
Published: April 2015

Among French-based creoles, Haitian Creole has the highest degree of standardization, with a written norm, Standard Haitian Creole (SHC), based on Port-au-Prince monolinguals’ speech. To evaluate the influence of SHC on regional varieties, we conducted, in and around Cap Haïtien, a sociolinguistic study of Northern Haitian Creole (Capois). In addition to stereotypical features such as the possessivekin a+ pronoun (vs. SHCpa+ pronoun), we uncovered several Capois features still in widespread use in Northern Haiti. In this article, we focus on the most frequently occurring variable, the third person singular pronoun (3sg), which alternates between SHCli/l, and Capoisi/y. We show that SHClihas yet to replace Capoisi, which is preferred by a large proportion of community members. For both the rural and urban populations, this variable is conditioned by syntactic and phonological factors. Despite shared tendencies, urban speakers’ lower rate of Capois variant use and stronger phonological conditioning may be due to their greater exposure to speakers from other areas of Haiti, and to closer contact with the standard. Although most speakers, especially older ones, recognized SHC’s higher prestige, they evidenced more positive attitudes toward their own speech.
Assessing the sociolinguistic situation of the Maroon creoles
Authors: Migge Bettina , Léglise Isabelle
Published: April 2015

Recent anthropological and socio-historical research on Maroon populations suggests that Maroon communities have undergone significant social change since the 1960s spurred by processes of urbanization. However, to date very little is known about how these social changes are impacting on the Maroon Creoles as there is very little sociolinguistic research being carried out in the region. The aim of this paper is to examine the sociolinguistic context of the Maroon Creoles in the light of data from two recent sociolinguistic surveys carried out in Suriname and French Guiana. The findings demonstrate that the sociolinguistic status of Maroon languages has undergone various changes. Several of them are now well represented in French Guiana and, as additional languages, are gaining speakers both in Suriname and French Guiana. While their speakers increasingly practice them together with other languages, thus displaying their multilingual repertoire, there is little indication that their survival is threatened because their speakers predominantly hold positive attitudes towards them.
Asynchronous grammaticalization
Authors: Leuschner Torsten , Van den Nest Daan
Published: April 2015

The present paper contrasts verb-first (V1-) conditionals in written usage in present-day English and German. Based on the hypothesis that V1-protases originated in independent interrogatives and then grammaticalized as conditional subordinate clauses in an asynchronous fashion in both languages, we use data from the British National Corpus (BNC) and the Deutsches Referenzkorpus (DeReKo) to investigate the lexical overlap of V1-protases with interrogatives and their functional overlap with ‘if-/wenn’-conditionals. The results show, inter alia, that English V1-conditionals are highly divergent from polar interrogatives and occupy a functional niche with respect to ‘if-’conditionals, with their German counterparts showing more transitional characteristics in both respects; they also suggest a special role for V1-protases with ‘should/sollte’ in expressing a subtype of neutral, rather than tentative, conditionality. Finally, prospects are discussed for future research regarding possible synchronic (i.e. discourse-functional) and diachronic (i.e. systemic) motivations for the differences and similarities observed between V1-conditionals in the two present-day languages.
T cell lipid peroxidation induces ferroptosis and prevents immunity to infection
Authors: Matsushita Mai , Freigang Stefan , Schneider Christoph , Conrad Marcus , Bornkamm Georg W. , Kopf Manfred
Published: March 2015

The selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) is a major scavenger of phospholipid hydroperoxides. Although Gpx4 represents a key component of the reactive oxygen species-scavenging network, its relevance in the immune system is yet to be defined. Here, we investigated the importance of Gpx4 for physiological T cell responses by using T cell–specific Gpx4-deficient mice. Our results revealed that, despite normal thymic T cell development, CD8+ T cells from TΔGpx4/ΔGpx4 mice had an intrinsic defect in maintaining homeostatic balance in the periphery. Moreover, both antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells lacking Gpx4 failed to expand and to protect from acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and Leishmania major parasite infections, which were rescued with diet supplementation of high dosage of vitamin E. Notably, depletion of the Gpx4 gene in the memory phase of viral infection did not affect T cell recall responses upon secondary infection. Ex vivo, Gpx4-deficient T cells rapidly accumulated membrane lipid peroxides and concomitantly underwent cell death driven by ferroptosis but not necroptosis. These studies unveil an essential role of Gpx4 for T cell immunity.
Hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and function are controlled by the CYLD–TRAF2–p38MAPK pathway
Authors: Tesio Melania , Tang Yilang , Müdder Katja , Saini Massimo , von Paleske Lisa , Macintyre Elizabeth , Pasparakis Manolis , Waisman Ari , Trumpp Andreas
Published: March 2015

The status of long-term quiescence and dormancy guarantees the integrity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during adult homeostasis. However the molecular mechanisms regulating HSC dormancy remain poorly understood. Here we show that cylindromatosis (CYLD), a tumor suppressor gene and negative regulator of NF-κB signaling with deubiquitinase activity, is highly expressed in label-retaining dormant HSCs (dHSCs). Moreover, Cre-mediated conditional elimination of the catalytic domain of CYLD induced dHSCs to exit quiescence and abrogated their repopulation and self-renewal potential. This phenotype is dependent on the interactions between CYLD and its substrate TRAF2 (tumor necrosis factor–associated factor 2). HSCs expressing a mutant CYLD with an intact catalytic domain, but unable to bind TRAF2, showed the same HSC phenotype. Unexpectedly, the robust cycling of HSCs lacking functional CYLD–TRAF2 interactions was not elicited by increased NF-κB signaling, but instead by increased activation of the p38MAPK pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of p38MAPK rescued the phenotype of CYLD loss, identifying the CYLD–TRAF2–p38MAPK pathway as a novel important regulator of HSC function restricting HSC cycling and promoting dormancy.