bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBUATAN SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN KONSTRUKSI UNTUK MONITORING KEMAJUAN PEKERJAAN PROYEK JALAN
Authors: Yanti Nofi
Published: April 2020

Pemantauan perkembangan fisik dan keuangan pekerjaan konstruksi yang ada saat ini belum terintegrasi dalam suatu sistem informasi. Padahal, terdapat banyak paket pekerjaan pada kegiatan rehabilitasi dan pemeliharaan jalan di Dinas Pekerjaan Umum bidang Bina Marga yang tersebar lebih dari satu lokasi mengakibatkan PPK kesulitan dalam melakukan pengawasan dan kontrol terhadap hasil pekerjaan penyedia. Pada tahun anggaran 2017 pagu anggaran untuk bidang Bina Marga sebesar 83 milyar, dengan jumlah paket pekerjaan sebanyak 66 paket untuk dilelang dan 110 paket pekerjaan untuk penunjukan langsung.
Dengan adanya perkembangan teknologi yang sangat pesat saat ini, dapat memberi kemudahan pengguna dalam mengimplementasikannya pada kehidupan sehari-hari. Kebutuhan akan akses informasi yang cepat dan mudah sangat dibutuhkan oleh PPK dalam melakukan pemantauan dan pengawasan agar kendala dilapangan dapat segera teratasi. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan pembuatan sistem informasi manajemen konstruksi jalan untuk mempermudah melakukan monitoring kemajuan pekerjaan. Tujuan dari penelitan ini adalah untuk merancang suatu sistem informasi bagi PPK dalam memantau pekerjaan secara langsung guna memudahkan dan membantu PPK dalam melakasanakan tugasnya.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode waterfall model. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu analisis permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh PPK dengan melakukan pendataan kebutuhan pengguna. Dari data yang diperoleh berupa kebutuhan informasi diskripsi pekerjaan, progres perkembagan fisik dan keuangan dalam bentuk laporan dan manajemen dokumen. Dari data yang diperoleh dilakukan desain sistem informasi dengan tahapan requirement, perancangan, analisis, desain, coding, implementasi system, validasi dan verifikasi sistem.
Hasil penelitian ini adalah dibuatnya sistem informasi manajemen konstruksi monitoring jalan yang dapat menyajikan data progres perkembangan fisik dan keuangan, data kontrak, data penyedia jasa, data pegawai instansi dan laporan dokumentasi. Sistem informasi ini dapat dilihat secara online sehingga semua pihak yang terlibat langsung bisa memasukkan data secara cepat dan PPK dapat membuat keputusan dengan tepat.
EVALUASI TINGKAT PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN IRIGASI DAERAH RAWA ANJIR SERAPAT KABUPATEN KAPUAS
Authors: Sitohang Pining
Published: April 2020

Salah satu desa yang berpotensi untuk pengembangan pertanian di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah adalah desa Anjir Serapat I. Lokasi Daerah Rawa Anjir Serapat terletak disebelah kiri-kanan Anjir yang menghubungkan dua sungai yaitu Sungai Kapuas murung di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah dengan Sungai Barito yang ada di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan dengan Panjang 28 Km. Daerah rawa Anjir Serapat I berjarak lurus sekitar 160 km ke arah batas Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan melalui jalan trans Kalimantan. Dengan luas fungsional DIR Anjir Serapat Kabupaten Kapuas sebesar 3.248 Ha, dan memiliki potensi yang besar untuk meningkatkan produksi pertanian.
Potensi itu dirasa masih belum optimal. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil produksi padi yang masih belum maksimal. Untuk menanggulangi masalah tersebut diperlukan pendekatan kepada masyarakat tentang pentingnya pengelolaan tata air mikro yang merupakan tanggung jawab petani dan memberikan pemahaman tentang tata cara perawatan insfrastruktur yang sudah ada di lahan pertanian.
Menurut Permen PUPR.29/PRT/M/2015 dalam pengembangan dan pengelolaan sistem irigsi rawa salah satunya adalah partisipasi masyarakat petani. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalis tingkat partisipasi dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan irigasi rawa di daerah Anjir Serapat I Kabupaten Kapuas. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode survei yang menggambarkan pengaruh antara variabel-variabel yang tergabung dalam variabel jaringan irigasi yang ada dengan partisifatif petani dalam pemeliharaan jaringan irigasi tersier.
Berdasarkan data yang terkumpul setiap variabel, dan setelah dilakukan analisis dengan perhitungan, tidak ditemukan hubungan dan berpengaruh nyata secara bersama-sama antara Aspek Teknis (X1), Aspek Sosial Budaya (X2) dan Aspek Sosial Ekonomi (X3) terhadap partisipatif petani (Y). Dengan rata-rata nilai kuantitatif sebesar (22,37 < 25), petani masih tergolong belum partisipatif terhadap pemeliharaan jaringan irigasi yang ada.
PERBANDINGAN BIAYA ANTARA PERKERASAN ASPAL DAN KONSTRUKSI INTERBLOK
Authors: Laurent Rano
Published: April 2020

Mengingat tingginya biaya pemeliharaan perkerasan aspal maka diperlukan suatu alternatif lain selain perkerasan aspal yang mampu memberikan hasil yang optimal dan biaya ekonomis, dalam hal ini memakai perkerasan konstruksi interblok. Perkerasan konstruksi interblok memiliki beberapa kelebihan dari perkerasan aspal diantaranya dapat dikerjakan secara manual sehingga biaya konstruksi dan pemeliharaan jalan dapat ditekan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan kajian perancangan tebal perkerasan aspal dan konstruksi interblok menggunakan metode AASHTO’93. Menghitung biaya konstruksi masing-masing perkerasan dan menyusun skenario biaya pemeliharaan serta melakukan analisa ekonomi selama umur rencana untuk menentukan jenis perkerasan yang ekonomis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada ruas jalan penelitian dengan panjang 285 m dan lebar 20 m dengan nilai W18 adalah 12.714.787,73 SS didapat tebal perkerasan aspal yang digunakan adalah 10 cm untuk lapis permukaan, 15 cm untuk lapis pondasi dan tanpa menggunakan lapis pondasi bawah, sedangkan pada perkerasan konstruksi interblok, tebal yang digunakan adalah 10 cm untuk paving dan 5 cm untuk pasir alas (lapis permukaan), 15 cm untuk lapis pondasi dan tanpa menggunakan lapis pondasi bawah. Biaya konstruksi dan pemeliharaan selama 20 tahun untuk kedua jenis perkerasan adalah sebesar Rp. 691.580.145,00 untuk perkerasan aspal dan Rp. 567.160.545,00 untuk perkerasan konstruksi interblok, hal ini menunjukan bahwa perkerasan aspal lebih mahal 18% dibandingkan dengan perkerasan interblok sehingga perkerasan interblok lebih ekonomis digunakan untuk perkerasan jalan yang digunakan sebagai jalan lalu lintas petikemas.
ANALISIS KERUSAKAN JALAN DI RUAS SIMPANG BERENG BENGKEL TUMBANG NUSA
Authors: Feriko Ahmad Gama
Published: April 2020

Volume lalu lintas di Ruas Jalan Simpang Bereng Bengkel – Tumbang Nusa relatif cukup padat dengan beban yang relatif cukup berat. Seiring dengan waktu dimana terjadi penurunan nilai konstruksi perkerasan, sehingga mengakibatkan timbul kerusakan pada perkerasan jalan. Di ruas jalan tersebut, sudah diadakan pelebaran jalur lalu lintas, lapis tambah perkerasan (overlay).  Pada daerah perkerasan jalan yang rusak, sering diadakan perbaikan dengan cara tambal sulam (patching), tetapi tetap saja terjadi kerusakan perkerasan jalan di ruas tersebut. Oleh karena itu perlu diadakan penelitian terhadap penghematan bahan dan bagaimana cara melakukan perbaikan sesuai dengan peraturan atau standar yang berlaku, dengan penambahan biaya pelaksanaan yang sesuai. Tujuan penelitian untuk menetapakan jenis kerusakan, mengevaluasi kerusakan jalan. Hasil evaluasi dan analisis nilai kondisi perkerasan dengan metode asphalt institute MS-17 (Pavement Condition Rating/PCR), penanggulangan kerusakan segmen/sta. 28+850 s/d 30+050 penanganan dengan lapis tambah (overlay), segmen/sta. 31+150 s/d 31+650 penanganan dengan lapis tambah (overlay), dan segmen/sta. 33+500 s/d 33+700 penanganan dengan pemeliharan rutin. Hasil analisisis dan evaluasi tebal perkerasan dengan metode PtT-01-2002-B, penanggulangan kerusakan segmen/sta. 28+850 s/d 30+050 penanganan dengan lapis tambah (overlay), segmen/sta. 31+150 s/d 31+650 penanganan dengan lapis tambah (overlay), dan segmen/sta. 33+500 s/d 33+700 penanganan dengan lapis tambah (overlay). Tebal perkerasan segmen/sta. 28+850 s/d 30+050 overlay dengan aspal beton tebal 23 cm, overlay dengan kombinasi aspal beton 7 cm dan LPA 46 cm. Segmen/sta. 31+150 s/d 31+650 overlay dengan aspal beton tebal 24 cm, overlay dengan kombinasi aspal beton 7 cm dan LPA 49 cm. Segmen/sta. 33+500 s/d 33+700 overlay dengan aspal beton tebal 28 cm, overlay dengan kombinasi aspal beton 7 cm dan LPA 61cm.
Déjections des herbivores domestiques au pâturage : caractéristiques et rôle dans le fonctionnement des prairies
Authors: BLOOR J.M.G. , JAY-ROBERT P. , LE MORVAN A. , FLEURANCE G.
Published: April 2020

Trois principaux facteurs conditionnent les caractéristiques physiques (taille des dépôts) et chimiques (teneur en eau, en nutriments…) des déjections des herbivores domestiques au pâturage : l’espèce, l’état physiologique de l’animal et la qualité de l’herbe ingérée, qui dépendra elle-même de la composition du tapis végétal et des conditions climatiques. À travers les déjections solides s’opère une restitution de matière organique et d’éléments nutritifs non assimilés vers le système sol-plante. L’importance énergétique de ce retour est telle que la dissémination des déjections est source d’hétérogénéité à l’échelle de la pâture. Cette hétérogénéité, elle même conditionnée par le comportement des animaux et les modalités de conduite, est à son tour source de diversité, tant floristique que faunistique. L’élimination de l’excrément de la surface du sol dépend des conditions climatiques et de l’activité de la faune saprocoprophage. L’activité de cette faune modifie à la fois les propriétés de la déjection et celles du sol (porosité, aération), ce qui favorise les activités microbiennes. A court terme, les déjections de grande taille ont un effet néfaste sur la végétation et entraînent un phénomène de refus de consommation de la part des bovins et des équins. A plus long terme, les déjections entraînent une augmentation de la croissance des plantes situées à proximité, effet qui peut persister jusqu’à deux ans. Si les transformations physicochimiques et les impacts des déjections sur la faune et la flore sont assez bien connus, en revanche nos connaissances sont lacunaires lorsqu’il s’agit de faire le lien entre le fonctionnement des communautés d’insectes coprophages et les fonctionnalités écosystémiques associées.
La méthode EMERGY : principes et application en analyse environnementale des systèmes agricoles et de production animale
Authors: WILFART A. , CORSON M.S. , AUBIN J.
Published: April 2020

L’Emergy est définie comme la somme de toutes les formes d’énergie (énergie directe et indirecte, renouvelable et non-renouvelable) nécessaire à la réalisation d’un service ou d’un produit. La méthode d’évaluation Emergy est une méthode d’analyse quantitative qui détermine la valeur non-monétaire et monétaire des ressources, des services et des produits dans une unité commune : l’Emergy solaire. Cette méthode apparaît comme intéressante pour évaluer les agro-écosystèmes et identifier des leviers d’action pour la conception de systèmes plus durables. Cet article présente les concepts de la méthode Emergy en explicitant les notions clés telles que la transformité, le diagramme de hiérarchisation de l’énergie et les indicateurs Emergy. Ces notions sont explicitées en se basant sur l’exemple d’une analyse de la production de poissons en étang. Enfin, l’article détaille les applications possibles de la méthode pour les systèmes agricoles et notamment en production animale.
Le travail dans les exploitations d’élevage bovin laitier est-il toujours conjugal ?
Authors: DUFOUR A. , GIRAUD C.
Published: April 2020

Cet article contribue au débat sur la dimension conjugale du travail en agriculture. L’analyse repose sur deux approches complémentaires : une analyse des données du recensement agricole et une enquête qualitative auprès de femmes qui travaillent dans les élevages laitiers du Ségala. La première partie dresse un panorama global des types d’équipes de travail et de leurs évolutions selon les productions. Elle caractérise les différents modes d’organisation selon leur caractère plus ou moins conjugal. Il ressort que le secteur de l’élevage bovin laitier ou bovin à viande reste un milieu professionnel où les équipes conjugales sont les plus fréquentes et où l’engagement de la conjointe est très important. A partir des enquêtes, l’analyse de la place et du rôle des femmes montre trois modalités de participation selon que les femmes s’installent sur l’exploitation du mari au moment du mariage ou après une expérience professionnelle, ou qu’elles s’installent sur l’exploitation de leurs parents. Dans la première modalité les femmes n’ont pas d’espace de travail à elles sur l’exploitation, dans la deuxième, les femmes sont autonomes et responsables d’une activité, et dans la troisième les femmes sont gestionnaires de toute la sphère productive de l’exploitation. Les femmes dotées d’une formation scolaire élevée et d’une expérience professionnelle valorisante en dehors de l’exploitation, sont en mesure de questionner la division sexuelle du travail et de construire leur place dans ces configurations conjugales de travail. Cela nous amène à nous interroger sur la place nouvelle des individus, notamment des femmes, dans les exploitations agricoles.
Le travail, sujet intime et multifacette : premières recommandations pour l’aborder dans le conseil en élevage
Authors: KLING-EVEILLARD F. , CERF M. , CHAUVAT S. , SABATTE N.
Published: April 2020

De façon paradoxale, alors que le travail constitue un enjeu important pour la pérennité des exploitations d’élevage, les éleveurs en parlent relativement peu et sollicitent rarement de façon spontanée un accompagnement sur ce thème. Parallèlement, les conseillers sont nombreux à faire part de leurs difficultés à s’approprier le sujet et à se positionner comme des personnes ressources sur ce thème auprès des éleveurs. A partir d'expériences de terrain, nous avons analysé les difficultés que les conseillers ressentent et expriment, en vue de formuler quelques recommandations pour les lever. Parmi les difficultés énoncées, certaines sont liées au fait que le travail est à la fois un sujet intime et tabou, et un sujet multifacette. Ces caractéristiques questionnent d’une part le choix d’une posture adéquate (prescription, expertise, accompagnement…) selon la situation de conseil dans laquelle ce sujet est abordé, et d’autre part les relations avec les collègues, car il est souvent nécessaire de s’appuyer sur des compétences et des intervenants complémentaires. Les recommandations pour la mise en oeuvre d’un conseil sur le travail portent sur les évolutions des pratiques des conseillers eux-mêmes mais aussi sur le cadre organisationnel. Les conseillers ont tout d’abord besoin de connaissances sur le champ du travail, de compétences pour faciliter l’émergence de besoins, accompagner dans la durée les agriculteurs, et ont besoin d’outils et de méthodes pour étayer leur conseil. Le cadre organisationnel doit aider à articuler des compétences et des organismes complémentaires afin de constituer une offre de conseil centrée sur le travail.
Recherche en pathologie caprine : applications et perspectives
Authors: HOSTE H. , EHRHARDT N. , PARAUD C. , RIEUX A. , MERCIER P. , VALAS S. , ANDREOLETTI O. , CORBIERE F. , SCHELCHER F. , LACROUX C. , De CREMOUX R. , ALVINERIE M. , CHARTIER C.
Published: April 2020

Les enjeux économiques liés à l’espèce caprine en Europe paraissent mineurs par rapport à ceux des filières ovines et bovines et pourraient limiter l’intérêt de recherches spécifiques en pathologie caprine. C’est pourquoi, en se fondant sur des exemples de pathologies dues aux principales classes d’agents pathogènes (prions, virus, bactéries, parasites protozoaires et helminthes) affectant les caprins et leur filière de production, cet article présente les principales recherches menées en France, les données actuelles disponibles sur la compréhension des mécanismes pathogéniques et des processus physiopathologiques, ainsi que sur le développement de gestions innovantes de ces pathologies. Il a aussi pour objectif d’illustrer l’intérêt d’études spécifiques sur les chèvres non seulement en termes de pathologie comparée chez les petits ruminants, mais aussi pour prendre en considération les contraintes d’une filière économique dynamique.
Aptitude des chèvres hautes productrices de lait à valoriser les prairies temporaires au pâturage
Authors: LEFRILEUX Y. , MORAND-FEHR P. , POMMARET A.
Published: April 2020

Neuf expériences ont été réalisées à la station expérimentale du Pradel (Sud-Est de la France) de 1991 à 2000 sur la conduite au pâturage des chèvres laitières hautes productrices (800-1100 kg de lait/chèvre/an) et en particulier sur le type de pâturage à adopter (pâturage tournant ou continu), les conditions de la mise à l’herbe et la stratégie de complémentation afin d’évaluer leurs effets sur les performances laitières (production et composition du lait). Deux expériences comparant pendant 3 ans et 100 jours respectivement deux systèmes d’alimentation, en chèvrerie ou au pâturage, ont montré que le pâturage couvre plus de 50% des besoins énergétiques des chèvres et que les productions laitières et les taux butyreux et protéique ne sont jamais significativement différents entre les deux conduites. Dans une troisième expérience aucune différence significative n’a été observée sur la production et la composition du lait de chèvres conduites pendant 100 jours au printemps en pâturage tournant ou en pâturage continu à surface identique et sur ces couverts végétaux comparables. Une quatrième expérience de 120 jours a permis de montrer qu’une mise à l’herbe précoce (début Mars) permet une meilleure production laitière qu’avec une mise à l’herbe plus tardive, vers le 31 Mars. Quatre expériences d’une durée de 12 à 16 semaines ont comparé différents niveaux de complémentation des chèvres au pâturage. L’augmentation de l’apport d’aliment concentré améliore de façon limitée la production laitière, en particulier au dessus de 0,8 kg de concentré/jour/chèvre. Avec de l’herbe de très bonne valeur alimentaire, cette augmentation est de 10 g de lait/100 g de concentré ajouté alors qu’elle est de 40 g avec de l’herbe à un stade plus avancé. La composition du lait est très peu modifiée par l’apport de concentré. Une dernière expérience de 100 jours et certaines expériences précédentes ont précisé les effets de la composition de l’aliment concentré. La nature des sources azotées (protéines peu ou fortement dégradables dans le rumen) influence plus la production laitière que celle des sources énergétiques (amidon vs fibre et matière grasse). Ainsi une production de lait de 1000-1100 kg par an peut être obtenue avec un système alimentaire où le pâturage couvre une part importante des besoins énergétiques totaux des chèvres (50 à 75% environ). Pour cela il est nécessaire que le potentiel génétique des chèvres le permette, que la durée journalière de pâturage soit suffisante (10-11 heures par jour), que les apports de fourrages distribués à l’auge soient très limités ou supprimés, que ceux d’aliments concentrés soient limités à environ 0,8 kg/chèvre/jour et surtout qu’une gestion du pâturage basée sur des contrôles journaliers et des observations précises soit mise en place avec rigueur par l’éleveur.
Restreindre l’ingestion du jeune lapin : de nouvelles stratégies pour renforcer sa santé digestive et améliorer son efficacité alimentaire
Authors: GIDENNE T. , FORTUN-LAMOTHE L. , COMBES S.
Published: April 2020

La restriction temporaire de l'ingestion du lapin après son sevrage est maintenant une stratégie d'alimentation couramment employée en cuniculture. L'objet de cette synthèse est de présenter les différents effets d'une limitation de l'ingestion sur la santé, la physiologie digestive et l'efficacité alimentaire du lapin en croissance. Même si une restriction alimentaire conduit à une croissance plus lente, ces stratégies sont désormais utilisées par plus de 85% des éleveurs français. En effet, elles permettent de réduire les risques de mortalité et de morbidité post-sevrage par troubles digestifs, par exemple par l'entéropathie épizootique du lapin. De plus, la conversion alimentaire est améliorée, plus particulièrement lorsque les lapins sont de nouveau alimentés librement, en raison d'une importante croissance compensatrice. Cette meilleure efficacité alimentaire est associée à un transit plus lent et à une meilleure digestion, bien qu'on observe des interactions avec la composition chimique de l'aliment. La physiologie digestive est par ailleurs peu modifiée, en particulier la morphométrie de la muqueuse intestinale, l’activité fermentaire et le microbiote caecal. La qualité de la viande est peu affectée par la restriction alimentaire, alors qu'on observe une baisse de l'état d'engraissement des carcasses et une légère dégradation du rendement à l'abattage. Les effets d'une limitation de l'ingestion sur le comportement et le bien-être animal sont discutés, sachant que le jeune lapin présente une adaptation très rapide aux stratégies de restriction. Ainsi, les stratégies de restriction peuvent améliorer la rentabilité de l'atelier cunicole, mais elles doivent être adaptées à chaque situation d'élevage.
Indagações sobre o sentido do ensino de História e a construção da democracia no Brasil
Authors: Souza Aparecida Darc
Published: April 2020

O tema deste artigo é o estudo da relação entre o conteúdo escolar da disciplina de História e a questão da construção de uma sociedade democrática no Brasil. Esta questão tornou-se relevante face ao quadro de crise da democracia instalado no cenário nacional em período recente. Destacamos deste contexto os pedidos de volta da ditadura e a reação imediata de caracterizá-los como desconhecimento da história. Esta crítica assumiu diversas expressões nas redes sociais, pautando a disciplina de História como um dos principais elementos a ser ponderado relativamente aos numerosos pronunciamentos pró-ditadura, contrários aos direitos civis. De modo específico, este artigo tem como objetivo problematizar essa percepção. Metodologicamente, esta proposta foi desenvolvida a partir da análise dos conteúdos de História do Brasil presentes nos livros didáticos produzidos nos anos de 1990.
A docência no sistema modular de ensino da rede pública do Pará e a biografia do padre Josimo Moraes Tavares: perspectivas teórico-práticas para a educação histórica
Authors: Silva Moisés Pereira , De Oliveira Jôyara Maria Silva
Published: April 2020

O padre Josimo, além de coordenador da CPT Araguaia-Tocantins, foi um intelectual que, sobretudo a partir da poesia e do teatro, problematizou os dramas do trabalhador do campo, especialmente da microrregião conhecida como Bico do Papagaio. O escopo dessa discussão é pensar a memória da atuação de Josimo nos conflitos sociais rurais e conjecturar, na perspectiva da educação histórica, o que os movimentos sociais no campo e o trabalho dos agentes engajados podem ensinar a quem se ocupa do ensino e da aprendizagem da história enquanto disciplina, ministrada em um contexto específico, o do Araguaia-Tocantins, no Sistema Modular de Ensino da Rede pública estadual de Educação paraense.
Para uma teoria e uma história da educação dos trabalhadores
Authors: Merril Michael , Schurman Susan J.
Published: April 2020

A educação dos trabalhadores, entendida como educação de trabalhadores por trabalhadores de acordo com propósitos determinados por eles mesmos, tem estado num terreno de grande conflito, tanto quanto o trabalho. Se formos pensar uma história global a respeito da educação dos trabalhadores, ela precisará ser orientada por uma teoria geral que seja compatível. Hegel, de modo mais amplo, e Durkheim, de modo mais convincente, argumentaram que as sociedades são projetos cognitivos e morais dos quais a educação é constitutiva: o ser social e o conhecimento estão inextricavelmente ligados um ao outro. No contexto das revoluções democráticas acontecidas nos últimos 250 anos, o movimento operário se destacou simultaneamente como um movimento social onde se aprende a democracia e que luta pela educação democrática. A história da educação dos trabalhadores é a história da luta constante dos trabalhadores para se tornarem democratas e tornarem suas comunidades democráticas. Este breve ensaio introduz uma coleção de textos representativos de uma nova geração de pesquisadores sobre história da educação de trabalhadores, os quais esperamos que ajudem os movimentos tradicionais e emergentes dos trabalhadores a entenderem seu passado e a pensar mais claramente sobre seu futuro.
Neurofeedback for tinnitus: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial assessing the specificity of an alpha/delta neurofeedback training protocol in alleviating both the sound perception and the psychological distress, in a cohort of chronic tinnitus sufferers
Authors: Jensen Martin , Hüttenrauch Eva , Schmidt Jennifer , Andersson Gerhard , Chavanon Mira-Lynn , Weise Cornelia
Published: April 2020

Background Tinnitus is a very common condition, which for some can have debilitating psychological consequences. Although some interventions are helpful in learning how to cope better with the tinnitus, at present there is no cure. Neurofeedback is an emerging treatment modality in tinnitus. Previous studies, utilizing an alpha/delta training protocol have shown promise. However, they were characterized by small sample sizes and lack of neurofeedback control conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate, if an alpha/delta neurofeedback training protocol, compared to beta/theta neurofeedback or a diary control group, is effective in reducing, not only the tinnitus sound perception, but also the psychological symptoms associated with the condition. Methods The study is designed as a three-armed, randomized controlled trial. Participants are randomly assigned to either an established neurofeedback protocol for tinnitus (alpha/delta training), another neurofeedback protocol as active comparator (beta/theta training) or diary control group. In the four-week intervention period, participants in both neurofeedback groups undergo ten sessions, whereas participants in the diary control group complete a diary bi-weekly. The primary outcomes are between group differences in tinnitus sound percept change, as measured with the Tinnitus Magnitude Index (TMI) and changes in tinnitus distress, measured with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), four weeks after the start of the intervention. Secondary outcome measures include changes in tinnitus distress, sleep quality, depressive symptoms and whether neurofeedback leads to specific power changes in the trained frequency bands. Discussion This is the first randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of an alpha/delta neurofeedback training protocol in reducing the tinnitus sound percept and the distress associated with the condition. Compared to former studies, the present study is designed to assess both the specificity of an alpha/delta neurofeedback training protocol by including an active comparator, beta/theta neurofeedback training, and in addition to control for placebo effects by inclusion of a diary control group. We hope this study contributes to our understanding of the potentiality of neurofeedback as a treatment for tinnitus.
A systematic review of the overlap of fluid biomarkers in delirium and advanced cancer-related syndromes.
Authors: Amgarth-Duff Ingrid , Hosie Annmarie , Caplan Gideon , Agar Meera
Published: April 2020

Background

Delirium is a serious and distressing neurocognitive disorder of physiological aetiology that is common in advanced cancer. Understanding of delirium pathophysiology is largely hypothetical, with some evidence for involvement of inflammatory systems, neurotransmitter alterations and glucose metabolism. To date, there has been limited empirical consideration of the distinction between delirium pathophysiology and that of the underlying disease, for example, cancer where these mechanisms are also common in advanced cancer syndromes such as pain and fatigue. This systematic review explores biomarker overlap in delirium, specific advanced cancer-related syndromes and prediction of cancer prognosis.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted, using MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Web of Science, to identify body fluid biomarkers in delirium, cancer prognosis and advanced cancer-related syndromes of interest. Studies were excluded if they reported delirium tremens only; did not measure delirium using a validated tool; the sample had less than 75% of participants with advanced cancer; measured tissue, genetic or animal biomarkers, or were conducted post-mortem. Articles were screened for inclusion independently by two authors, and data extraction and an in-depth quality assessment conducted by one author, and checked by two others.

Results

The 151 included studies were conducted in diverse settings in 32 countries between 1985 and 2017, involving 28130 participants with a mean age of 69.3 years. Seventy-one studies investigated delirium biomarkers, and 80 studies investigated biomarkers of an advanced cancer-related syndrome or cancer prognosis. Overall, 41 biomarkers were studied in relation to both delirium and either an advanced cancer-related syndrome or prognosis; and of these, 24 biomarkers were positively associated with either delirium or advanced cancer syndromes/prognosis in at least one study. The quality assessment showed large inconsistency in reporting.

Conclusion

There is considerable overlap in the biomarkers in delirium and advanced cancer-related syndromes. Improving the design of delirium biomarker studies and considering appropriate comparator/controls will help to better understanding the discrete pathophysiology of delirium in the context of co-existing illness.
Genome-wide association mapping of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance in soybean using whole-genome resequencing data
Authors: Boudhrioua Chiheb , Bastien Maxime , Torkamaneh Davoud , Belzile François
Published: April 2020

Background: Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is an important cause of yield loss in soybean. Although many papers have reported different loci contributing to partial resistance, few of these were proved to reproduce the same phenotypic impact in different populations.
Results: In this study, we identified a major quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to SSR progression on the main stem by using a genome-wide association mapping (GWAM). A population of 127 soybean accessions was genotyped with 1.5M SNPs derived from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) ensuring an extensive genome coverage and phenotyped for SSR resistance. SNP-trait association led to discovery of a new QTL on chromosome 1 (Chr01) where resistant lines had shorter lesions on the stem by 29 mm . A single gene (Glyma.01g048000) resided in the same LD block as the peak SNP, but it is of unknown function. The impact of this QTL was even more significant in the descendants of a cross between two lines carrying contrasted alleles for Chr01. Individuals carrying the resistance allele developed lesions almost 50% shorter than those bearing the sensitivity allele.
Conclusion: These results suggest that the new region on chromosome 1 harbors a promising resistance QTL to SSR that can be used in soybean breeding program.
Supporting children who have a parent with a mental illness in Tyrol: A situational analysis for informing co-development and implementation of practice changes
Authors: Zechmeister-Koss Ingrid , Goodyear Melinda , Tüchler Heinz , Paul Jean Lillian
Published: April 2020

Background: A research project, which aims to improve the situation of children of parents with a mental illness (COPMI) is currently underway in the Austrian region of Tyrol. The project aims to strengthen formal and informal support structures around the child, through enhancing their village of collaborative support. Understanding the current situation in the region is vital for implementing practice change. This paper aims to gain knowledge regarding Tyrolean societal and service provision context.
Methods: We collected qualitative (17 interviews among stakeholder and people with lived experience) and quantitative data (e.g. health insurance data) regarding overall societal characteristics, epidemiology of mental illness, currently existing services, uptake of services, and current practices and challenges of identifying and supporting COPMIs. We analysed data along eight external context dimensions: 1) professional influences, 2) political support, 3) social climate, 4) local infrastructure, 5) policy and legal climate, 6) relational climate, 7) target population, and 8) funding and economic climate.
Results: We identified that there is awareness of potential challenges related to COPMIs at both a professional and planning level. Additionally, there is a lack of installed support processes and standards to meet these children’s needs across Tyrol. A variety of services are available both for unwell parents, as well as for families and individual family members. Yet, only one small service addresses COPMIs directly. Services fall into different sectors (education, health, social affairs) and are funded from different sources, making coordination difficult. Access varies from universal to rather restricted (i.e. through referral). The potential number of parents which could be reached in order to identify their children via adult mental health, differs considerably by setting. Societal structures indicate that the informal and voluntary sector may be a realistic source for supporting COPMIs.
Conclusions: The societal structures and the current services provide a rich resource for improving identification and support of COPMIs, however considerable coordination and behaviour change efforts will be required due to the fragmentation of the system and professional cultures. The insights into the context of supporting COPMIs have been of high value for developing and implementing practice changes in the local organizations.
Community and health staff perceptions on non-communicable disease management in El Salvador’s Health System: a qualitative study
Authors: Vidal Nicole , León-García Montserrat , Jiménez Marta , Bermúdez Keven , De Vos Pol
Published: April 2020

Background: Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of global mortality and disability, with a rising burdenin low- and middle-income countries. Their multifactorial aetiology, and their requirement of long-term care, imply the need for comprehensive approaches. From 2009, the Ministry of Health (MoH) in El Salvador has developed a national public health system based on comprehensive primary health care. This study aims to describe the different stakeholders’ perceptions about the management of NCDs along the pathways of care in this health system.

Methods : During three fieldwork periods in 2018, three complementary qualitative data collection methods were deployed and conducted in settings with high prevalence of NCDs within El Salvador. First, illness narrative methodology was used to document the life histories of people living with a chronic disease and being treated in second and third level health facilities. Second, through social mapping, support resources that NCD patients used throughout the process of their illness within the same settings were analysed. Third, semi-structured interviews were conducted in the same locations, with both chronic patients and health personnel working at different levels of the primary health care setting. Participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling, and a deductive approach was implemented for coding during the analysis phase. After grouping codes into potential themes, a thematic framework was developed using a reflexive approach and following triangulation of the data.

Results : This innovative approach of combining three well-defined qualitative methods identified key implications for the implementation of a comprehensive approach to NCD management in resource-poor settings. The following elements are identified: 1) social risk factors and barriers to care; 2) patient pathways to NCD care; 3) available resources identified through social connections mapping; 4) trust in social connections; and 5) community health promotion and NCD prevention management.

Conclusions: Salvadoran public health system has been able to strengthen its comprehensive approach to NCDs, combining a clinical approach – including long term follow-up – with a preventive community-based strategy. The structural collaboration between the health system and the (self-) organised community has been key to identify failings, discuss tensions and work out adapted solutions.
Refining sleep measurement using the Motionwatch8©: How many days of monitoring do we need to get reliable estimates of sleep quality for older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment?
Authors: Falck Ryan S. , Barha Cindy K. , Chan Patrick C.Y. , Liu-Ambrose Teresa
Published: April 2020

Background

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transition stage between healthy cognition and dementia, and is linked to poorer sleep. Objective, reliable, and low-burden field methods to measure older adult sleep are also currently needed. The MotionWatch8© (MW8) wrist-worn actigraph provides estimates of sleep with 14 days of observation; however, there may be underlying differences in the reliability of sleep estimates based on MCI status. We therefore investigated the number of MW8 monitoring days required to estimate sleep in older adults with MCI and without.

Methods

Older adults (55+ years; N=151) wore the MW8 for ≥14 days. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment was used to categorize participants with probable MCI (scores of <26/30) and participants without MCI (≥26/30). We calculated intra-class reliability coefficients for 1-, 7-, and 14-days of wear-time, and performed Spearman-Brown predictions to determine the number of monitoring days needed for an ICC=0.80.

Results

Older adults with MCI were older ( p <0.01), more likely to be male ( p =0.03), and had shorter sleep duration ( p <0.01). Spearman-Brown analyses indicated that the number of monitoring days needed for an ICC=0.80 in older adults with probable MCI was 7 days for sleep duration, 4 days for fragmentation, and 4 days for efficiency; adults without MCI required 4 days for duration, 6 days for fragmentation, and 3 days for efficiency.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that while the reliability of MW8 estimates of sleep differs based on cognitive status, 7 days of MW8 monitoring provides reliable estimates of sleep for adults with MCI and those without.
New insights about myofibrillar myopathies: the role of metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in the pathogenesis
Authors: Carvalho Alzira Alves de Siqueira , Silva Vinicius Gomes , Corazzini Roseli , Silva Alan Patricio , Lacene Emmanuelle
Published: April 2020

Background

There are few reports suggesting that gene expression and activation of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are deregulated. MMP-2 and MMP-9 represent the two MMPs, which degrade type IV collagen, the component of basement membrane.

Methods

We analyzed the involvement of gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, in the pathogenesis of myofibrillar myopathy (MFM). Muscle specimens from 23 patients well diagnosed with MFM, were immunostained by MMP-2 and MMP-9. We analyzed qualitatively the immunoexpression in three compartments: subsarcolemmal (SSC), intracytoplasmic (ICC) and perinuclear (PNC).

Results

95,7% and 100% samples showed MMP-2 and MMP-9 upregulation ICC, respectively. PNC showed MMP-2 (82,6%) and MMP-9 (8,7%) regulation (p<0.001). SSC and ICC did not present statistical significance. There was no correlation between mutated gene and immunohistochemical pattern distribution.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that MMP-2 and/or MMP-9 could participate in the pathomechanism of MFM, causing damage of sarcomere and deposition of protein aggregates.
The association between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease in a population-based cross-sectional case-control study
Authors: Renvert Stefan , Berglund Johan Sanmartin , Persson Rutger Gösta , Söderlin Maria K.
Published: April 2020

Background. The association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis remains unclear. Methods. We studied oral health and periodontitis in a population-based case-control study of individuals with ≥ 10 remaining teeth ≥61 years of age and either with, or without a diagnosis of RA. 126 dentate individuals with RA were recruited together with age-matched control individuals without RA. The control individuals were recruited from the general population from the same city (n=249). A dental examination including a panoramic radiograph was performed on all participants. All individuals with RA were examined and medical records were reviewed by a rheumatologist. In the control group, none of the participants presented with symptoms of RA and their medical records were also negative. Results. The RA group included more women (66.7 % vs. 55.8 %) (p<0.01). Individuals in the RA group had a higher body mass index (BMI) (p<0.001). A diagnosis of periodontitis was more common in the RA group (61.1%) than in the control group (33.7 %) (p=0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis identified that a BMI > 25 (OR 6.2, 95% CI 3.6, 10.5, p= 0.000), periodontitis (OR 2.5 95% CI 1.5, 4.2 p=0.000), and female gender (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3-4.0, p=0.003) were associated with RA. Conclusion. RA was associated a diagnosis of periodontitis.
Disruption of gray matter microstructure in Alzheimer’s disease continuum using fiber orientation
Authors: Lee Peter , Kim Hang-Rai , Jeong Yong
Published: April 2020

There have been several MR imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) for early diagnosis. Cortical mean diffusivity (MD) is one of them for the study of the cortical microstructural change in AD. However, the feasibility of MD often remain in doubt as partial volume effects may overestimate the results. This study aims to investigate feasible gray matter microstructural biomarker with higher sensitivity for early AD detection. We propose diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measure, ‘radiality’, for early AD biomarker. It is a dot product between cortical surface normal vector and primary diffusion direction, which reflects the fiber orientation within the cortical column.
Here, we gathered neuroimages from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database; 78 cognitive normal, 50 early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI), 34 late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI), and 39 AD patients. Then, we evaluated cortical thickness (CTh), MD, amount of amyloid and tau accumulations using positron emission tomography (PET), which are conventional AD biomarkers. Radiality was projected on gray matter surface to compare and validate the changes along other neuroimage biomarkers.
Results showed decreased radiality primarily in entorhinal, insula, frontal and temporal cortex as disease progress onward. Especially, radiality could delineate the difference between cognitive normal and EMCI group while other biomarkers could not. We looked into the relationship between the radiality and other biomarkers to validate its pathological evidence in AD. Overall, radiality showed high association with conventional biomarkers. Additional ROI analysis exhibits dynamics of AD related changes as stages onward.
In conclusion, radiality in cortical gray matter showed AD specific changes and relevance with other conventional AD biomarkers with higher sensitivity. Besides, it could show group differences in early AD changes from EMCI which show advantage for early diagnosis than using conventional biomarkers. We provide the evidence of structure changes with cognitive impairment and suggest radiality as a sensitive biomarker for early AD.
Disability and its prevalence and cause in northwestern Ethiopia: evidence from Dabat district of Amhara National Regional State: A community based cross-sectional study
Authors: Abebe Solomon Mekonnen , Nega Ansha , Gizaw Zemichel , Bayisa Mulugeta , Fasika Solomon , Belay Molalign , Fekadu Abel , Abera Mikyas
Published: April 2020

Background: Disability is not just a physical condition; it develops through human interactions and reflects the social fabric of communities. Despite the magnitude of the problem, however, both awareness and scientific information on disability and the conditions of persons with disabilities (PwDs) are lacking in Ethiopia. Against this backdrop, the University of Gondar established the Dabat Demographic Health Surveillance System to gather longitudinal and policy relevant empirical data on various aspects of healthy living, including disability, in Dabat district of northwestern Ethiopia. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 13 Kebeles of Dabat district where the DHSS operates. Quantitative data was gathered using the World Health Organization’s Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) and International Classification of Functioning, Health and Disability (ICF). The data was organized, analyzed, presented and described using frequencies and percentages in table and figures. Relevant variables were used to construct a logistic regression model that predicts the likelihood of disability whereby P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The household survey covered 17,000 households with 71,916 members amongst whom 36,462 (50.7%) were females and 20,264 (28.18%) had attended formal education. The overall prevalence of disability was 2.14% [95% CI: 2.03, 2.24]. About 8.3% of households reported at least one case of disability. Of 1537 respondents with disability, 8.19% had multiple disabilities. The visually impaired represented the highest proportion of PwDs (51%). Generally, the major causes of disability (83%) were modifiable; and illness (36.93%), injury (17.81%), and congenital (10.86%). Advanced age [AOR= 1.0; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.04], the illiterate [AOR=1.15;95% CI: 1.57, 2.13], the unmarried/single [AOR: 1.39; 95% CI: 185,2.47] and the separated [AOR: 2.78; 95% CI: 4.14,6.19] were more likely to have disability in the study population. Conclusion: This article reports an increased likelihood in being impaired/disabled associated with aging; and in the study population, there was high proportion of households with PwDs. Most disabilities were visual but there were also significant numbers of mobility and hearing impairments. Most school-age PwDs did not complete secondary education, while the rate of employment was significantly low. The study also identified most causes of disability were reversable.
A meta-analysis of clinical characteristics and mortality COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Jiang Shangxia , Wu Yueming , Lou Tianzheng , Xu Junlong , Zhang Yu , Chen Hu , Xu Hewei
Published: April 2020

Abstract: Objective To investigate the Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) clinical characteristics and mortality risk by pooling the open published data. Methods Studies relevant to COVID-19 published in Pubmed, China Wanfang database, ChinaXiv and medRxiv were systematic screened by using the text word of “COVID-19”, 2019-nCoV, “SARS-CoV-2”, “NCP”. The mortality and clinical characteristic of the COVID-19 cases such as male/female ratio, mechanical ventilation ratio and top c linical symptom rate of the COVID-19 cases were pooled. Results Ten clinical studies relevant to COVID-19 were identified by electronic searching the related databases. The combined mortality was 0.03(95%CI: 0.01-0.04) for COVID-19 cases by random effect model. The pooled female ratio of the COVID-19 cases from 10 published data was 0.41(95%CI:0.37-0.46). The pooled invasive and non-invasive ventilation ratio were 0.03(95%CI:0.01-0.05) and 0.06(95%CI:0.02-0.09) respectively for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The pooled clinical symptom rate of fever, cough, headache and fatigue were 0.80(95%CI:0.60-1.01), 0.12(95%CI:0.08-0.17), 0.68(95%CI:0.57-0.73) and 0.51(95%CI:0.36-0.67) respectively under random effect model. Conclusion According to the present published data, male was more cline to susceptible to COVID-19 compared to female. The fever, cough and fatigue were the most common symptom of COVID-19 cases. About 10% of patients received invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation with the overall crude mortality of 3%.