bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effector and Activated T Cells Induce Preterm Labor and Birth That Is Prevented by Treatment with Progesterone
Authors: Arenas-Hernandez Marcia , Romero Roberto , Xu Yi , Panaitescu Bogdan , Garcia-Flores Valeria , Miller Derek , Ahn Hyunyoung , Done Bogdan , Hassan Sonia S. , Hsu Chaur-Dong , Tarca Adi L. , Sanchez-Torres Carmen , Gomez-Lopez Nardhy
Published: March 2019

Preterm labor commonly precedes preterm birth, the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most research has focused on establishing a causal link between innate immune activation and pathological inflammation leading to preterm labor and birth. However, the role of maternal effector/activated T cells in the pathogenesis of preterm labor/birth is poorly understood. In this study, we first demonstrated that effector memory and activated maternal T cells expressing granzyme B and perforin are enriched at the maternal-fetal interface (decidua) of women with spontaneous preterm labor. Next, using a murine model, we reported that prior to inducing preterm birth, in vivo T cell activation caused maternal hypothermia, bradycardia, systemic inflammation, cervical dilation, intra-amniotic inflammation, and fetal growth restriction, all of which are clinical signs associated with preterm labor. In vivo T cell activation also induced B cell cytokine responses, a proinflammatory macrophage polarization, and other inflammatory responses at the maternal-fetal interface and myometrium in the absence of an increased influx of neutrophils. Finally, we showed that treatment with progesterone can serve as a strategy to prevent preterm labor/birth and adverse neonatal outcomes by attenuating the proinflammatory responses at the maternal-fetal interface and cervix induced by T cell activation. Collectively, these findings provide mechanistic evidence showing that effector and activated T cells cause pathological inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface, in the mother, and in the fetus, inducing preterm labor and birth and adverse neonatal outcomes. Such adverse effects can be prevented by treatment with progesterone, a clinically approved strategy.
Il coaching nel wound care. L'infermiere specialista in wound care, facilitatore nella gestione delle ferite cutanee tra ospedale e territorio nell'Azienda AUSL di Bologna: una proposta progettuale/Coaching in wound care. The wound care specialist nurse, facilitator for the management of skin lesions between hospital and territory in the Bologna Local Health Authority: a research project
Authors: Quatrini Rossana
Published: March 2019

Questo progetto nasce con l’idea di elaborare una strategia organizzativa/professionale che possa favorire un’omogeneizzazione dei comportamenti dei professionisti sanitari, determinando una riduzione dei costi in termini di risparmio di risorse umane ed economiche, ma soprattutto favorire un miglioramento della qualità di vita dei soggetti portatori di lesioni cutanee. Le lesioni cutanee, ma soprattutto le ferite di difficile guarigione, si caratterizzano per una lunga durata e un’elevata incidenza di complicanze, che spesso si traducono in un considerevole onere economico. L’infermiere Specialista Wound Care, collaborando attivamente con i professionisti sanitari attraverso attività di consulenza, formazione on work, supervisione dei processi operativi, si pone come un’importante figura di riferimento in termini di miglioramento degli obiettivi di cura, nonché degli esiti di cura. Il progetto, di dimensioni Aziendali, si sviluppa in setting assistenziali specifici Ospedale-Territorio e lo Specialista Wound Care opera in collaborazione con gli infermieri di quei setting attraverso una metodologia di Coaching.

The aim of this is project is the development of an organizational/professional strategy that can help the homogenization of the behavior of healthcare professionals, determining a reduction of human resources and costs, but above all promoting an improvement of the quality of life of people with skin lesions. Some skin wounds are characterized by a long duration and a high incidence of complications, which often result in considerable economic expenses. The Wound Care Specialist Nurse, in collaboration with healthcare professionals by consultancy, training and supervision of operational processes, is an important reference for the improvement of the care and the treatment goals and outcomes. The project involves Hospital/Health Care Home and the Wound Care Specialist that works in collaboration with the nurses of the area.
Systematic Review of Group A Streptococcal emm Types Associated with Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Worthing Kate A. , Lacey Jake A. , Price David J. , McIntyre Liam , Steer Andrew C. , Tong Steven Y. C. , Davies Mark R.
Published: March 2019

Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is a postinfectious immune-mediated kidney disease associated with group A Streptococcus (GAS). The prevalence of APSGN varies within and between countries and is influenced by socioeconomic, host, and bacterial factors. The disease is more prevalent in developing countries and resource-poor settings of developed countries, such as the Indigenous populations residing in tropical Australia. The M-protein is a universally present GAS surface antigen that is the focus of molecular typing and vaccine research. Early reports suggested that some M-proteins (emm types) are more likely to cause APSGN than others. Here, we present the first systematic review of the global distribution of APSGN-associated GAS emm types. There were 46 emm types among the 676 cases described in 15 reviewed articles. Only 43% APSGN cases would have had theoretical coverage from the experimental M protein-based GAS vaccine. Vaccine coverage was higher in regions such as North America (97%) and the United Kingdom (98%) than Africa (67%) and Australia (38%). Variable vaccine coverage against APSGN- associated emm types highlights the need for further research into this disease, particularly in settings of poverty, where APSGN prevalence is higher. Three GAS emm types (emm49, emm60, and emm55) consistently occur in APSGN cases around the world. Future studies would therefore benefit from examining the genomic epidemiology of these emm types to unravel potential markers of APSGN.
Bacterial Infections Associated with Viperidae Snakebites in Children: A 14-Year Experience at the Hospital Nacional de Niños de Costa Rica
Authors: Brenes-Chacón Helena , Ulloa-Gutierrez Rolando , Soriano-Fallas Alejandra , Camacho-Badilla Kattia , Valverde-Muñoz Kathia , Ávila-Agüero María L.
Published: March 2019

Secondary bacterial infections following Viperidae snakebite envenomation in children are common. Among 75 patients admitted because of snakebites at the only pediatric hospital in Costa Rica, 16 (21.3%) had a culture-confirmed secondary bacterial infection. Morganella morganii (37.5%), Aeromonas hydrophila (31.2%), and Providencia rettgeri (18.7%) were the most common pathogens. Empiric prophylaxis is still recommended and should be based on local etiological agents and antimicrobial susceptibilities.
Malaria Parasite Density in Individuals with Different Rapid Diagnostic Test Results and Concentrations of HRP2 Antigen
Authors: Plucinski Mateusz M. , Dimbu Pedro Rafael , Fortes Filomeno , Murphy Sean C. , Smith Nahum T. , Cruz Kurtis R. , Seilie Annette M. , Halsey Eric S. , Aidoo Michael , Rogier Eric
Published: March 2019

Low-density malaria infections are a source of human morbidity in endemic settings and potentially contribute to ongoing malaria transmission. Conventional rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) were designed to detect clinically relevant parasite and antigen levels, but it is largely unknown what proportion of parasite (and antigen positive) infections are missed by conventional RDTs. Furthermore, RDTs can also provide false positives from lingering histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) antigenemia from a past infection. We analyzed 207 samples from Angolan outpatients with a bead-based HRP2 antigen assay and by qRT-PCR for the presence of parasite nucleic acids. Among patients HRP2 positive but negative by conventional RDT, the rate of quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) positivity was 45% (95% CI: 35–56%), with a median parasitemia of 3.4 parasites/µL (interquartile range: 0.14–4.8). Only 15% (7–26%) of HRP2-negative samples were found to have parasite nucleic acids. A substantial proportion of persons with blood HRP2 antigen concentrations not detected by the conventional RDT were found to have evidence of active infection, but at low parasite density levels.
Editorial
Authors: Buss-Simão Márcia
Published: March 2019

Editorial do Volume 21, Número 39, janeiro a Junho de 2019
Processo de Drama na Educação Infantil: uma análise a partir das estratégias Professor-personagem e Professor em ação dramática
Authors: Rosseto Robson , Gonçalves Melaine Pilatto
Published: March 2019

O artigo apresenta uma reflexão acerca de um processo de Drama na Educação Infantil, realizado com crianças em idade pré-escolar em um Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil (CMEI), na cidade de Curitiba/PR. O processo dramático analisado ocorreu a partir de duas estratégias empregadas na atuação artística de um dos pesquisadores com as crianças: Professor-personagem e Professor em ação dramática. As propostas utilizadas de forma simultânea contribuíram para uma efetiva comunicação entre crianças e professor/pesquisador, momento em que ambos se tornaram autores e condutores do processo dramático.
A abordagem Pikler: educação infantil
Authors: Salutto Nazareth , Do Nascimento Anelise Monteiro , Barbosa Silvia Neli Falcão
Published: March 2019

Publicada originalmente em 2008 pela Associação de Mestres Rosa Sensat de Barcelona, o objetivo do livro é contribuir para os interessados pelos estudos sobre os bebês e a educação de zero a três anos. Se justifica pelo reconhecimento de que os primeiros anos de vida são estruturais para o desenvolvimento do ser humano e que existe uma lacuna no campo da pedagogia para essa faixa-etária. A escolarização precoce, estampada na necessidade de um currículo que define aprendizagens específicas, nega o direito a uma relação cotidiana na qual os adultos se concentrem nas crianças e não em atividades. O que nós temos de demasiado humano é a atenção recíproca e amorosa, o que traz para a abordagem Pikler um lugar único nas propostas de educação para as crianças bem pequenas. O livro está dividido em seis capítulos.
Marcação de foco estreito e o acento secundário em interrogativas totais no português do Brasil
Authors: Carnaval Manuella , Moraes João Antonio de , Rilliard Albert Olivier Blaise
Published: March 2019

Este artigo tem como principal objetivo investigar, em enunciados interrogativos totais, a relação entre a marcação prosódica do foco estreito e o acento secundário, no Português do Brasil, do ponto de vista da percepção e da produção. Foi elaborado um corpus de fala atuada, composto por 21 enunciados, para esta finalidade, de modo que fossem contempladas palavras focalizadas com variação do número de sílabas pretônicas, apresentando condições favoráveis e não favoráveis à ocorrência do acento secundário. Essas palavras apresentaram distribuição pelos seguintes contextos prosódicos: vocábulo final do enunciado, coincidindo com cabeça de I; vocábulo cabeça de sintagma fonológico (ɸ), posição mais forte; vocábulo que não constitui cabeça de ɸ, situando-se em posição fraca, à esquerda, podendo o sintagma fonológico estar ao início, meio ou final do enunciado. Esses enunciados foram submetidos a um teste perceptivo, com 20 juízes, que apontou para altas taxas de reconhecimento do foco interrogativo em todos os contextos analisados. Nossa análise permitiu identificar as seguintes estratégias de focalização: a associação de um pico geminado à posição do acento secundário na palavra focalizada; a compressão temporal do pico geminado, em palavras com apenas uma pretônica, portanto, que não apresentam condições favoráveis à ocorrência do acento secundário; o alongamento da sílaba tônica da palavra focalizada.
A multi-direcionalidade da transferência da duração vocálica do português como L3 para a L1 (espanhol) e a L2 (inglês): um estudo longitudinal
Authors: Pereyron Letícia , Alves Ubiratã Kickhöfel
Published: March 2019

Este trabalho, à luz da Teoria dos Sistemas Dinâmicos, Adaptativos Complexos (BECKNER et al., 2009; DE BOT et al., 2013; SILVA, 2014), visa a investigar a premissa de que uma mudança em qualquer parte do sistema linguístico pode gerar alteração nas suas outras partes componentes. A partir desta premissa, conduziu-se um estudo de cunho longitudinal. O estudo contou com um aprendiz trilíngue, residente no Brasil, falante do espanhol (variedade mexicana) como L1, inglês como L2 e português como L3. Tal estudo contou com instrução formal, de base comunicativa e articulatória, sobre sons vocálicos do Português Brasileiro (L3). Através da instrução formal, visou-se a causar uma modificação acelerada no sistema fonético-fonológico de L3 do aprendiz, para se verificar se tal modificação ocasionaria efeitos sobre a sua L1 (Espanhol) e a sua L2 (Inglês). Verificou-se, para esse fim, a duração das vogais tônicas nas três línguas. A instrução deu-se ao longo de 4 meses, com uma aula de 90 minutos por semana. As coletas contaram com listas de palavras nas três línguas referidas, e ocorreram anteriormente ao período de instrução, durante (a cada 4 semanas) e ao término da instrução formal, de modo a totalizar 5 coletas com o participante. Os achados deste estudo longitudinal evidenciaram que as alterações nas durações das vogais do português (L3), aceleradas pela instrução fornecida, causaram alterações nas durações vocálicas (absoluta e relativa) das demais línguas, devido à interconexão dos sistemas do falante multilíngue.
Efeitos de instrução explícita na aquisição da entoação em espanhol/L2
Authors: Rodrigues Rhanya Rafaella , Preuss Elena Ortiz
Published: March 2019

A entoação é um elemento complexo e importante para a comunicação, entretanto, trata-se de um aspecto que tende a ser ignorado ou abordado de forma implícita, no contexto de aquisição de L2 (ASL) (AKERBERG, 2011; MORENO, 2002; DIAS, 2015). Em vista disso, e considerando o baixo número de investigações sobre a aquisição de elementos suprassegmentais em segunda língua (L2), esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos da instrução explícita na aquisição de enunciados declarativos e interrogativos totais em espanhol/L2. Além disso, espera-se verificar se os estudantes apresentam maior desempenho em enunciados declarativos ou interrogativos totais. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo semiexperimental, com aprendizes brasileiros de língua espanhola, em nível intermediário-avançado. A pesquisa contou com 19 participantes que foram divididos em quatro grupos, com base em dois fatores: i) condição (experimental ou controle); e ii) contexto (graduação ou curso livre de idiomas). Para a geração de dados foram usados os seguintes instrumentos: i) questionário, que possibilitou o delineamento do perfil dos participantes; e ii) pré- e pós-testes linguísticos, que abrangeram tarefas de compreensão e produção (controlada, semi-controlada e livre) dos enunciados-alvo. As análises estatísticas não apontaram efeitos significativos da instrução explícita, embora a intervenção pareça ter auxiliado na minimização de efeitos de similaridade, no caso dos declarativos, e na produção dos interrogativos totais. Notou-se também que os enunciados interrogativos totais parecem ser mais difíceis que os declarativos, para os aprendizes brasileiros.
Contrasting Models of State and School
Authors: Glenn Charles L.
Published: March 2019

School Choice and the forming of citizens for responsible freedom are two of the most hotly debated topics in educational policy. International comparison offers perspective on the effects of alternative policies. This book profiles historically and currently two countries which give strong support to parental choice (The Netherlands and Belgium) and two others that maintain a strong State role in controlling education (Germany and Austria). Charles L. Glenn draws upon Dutch, French, and German sources to contrast how the Dutch and Belgians came over the 19th and 20th centuries to entrust education to civil-society institutions with strong parental choice, while Germany and Austria maintained a predominant State role in education. Glenn illuminates the implications of these policies and the dangers that can arise when the State uses popular schooling to shape popular beliefs and loyalties. This is essential reading for policy specialists concerned with balancing school autonomy and government oversight, and with debates over parental choice of schools.
Fashioning Identity Status Ambivalence in Contemporary Fashion
Authors: Maria Mackinney-Valentin
Published: March 2019

We dress to communicate who we are, or who we would like others to think we are, telling seductive fashion narratives through our adornment. Yet, today, fashion has been democratized through high-low collaborations, social media, and real-time fashion mediation, complicating the basic dynamic of identity displays, and creating tension between personal statements and social performances.

Fashioning Identity explores how this tension is performed through fashion production and consumption, by examining a diverse series of case studies - from ninety-year old fashion icons to the paradoxical rebellion in “normcore”, and from soccer jerseys in Kenya to heavy metal band T-shirts in Europe. Through these cases, the role of time, gender, age memory, novelty, copying, the body, and resistance are considered within the context of the contemporary fashion scene. Offering a fresh approach to the subject by readdressing Fred Davis’ seminal concept of “identity ambivalence” in Fashion, Culture, and Identity (1992), Mackinney-Valentin argues that we are in an epoch of “status ambivalence”, in which fashioning one’s own identity has become increasingly complicated.
Retrieval of water vapor using ground-based observations from a prototype ATOMMS active centimeter- and millimeter-wavelength occultation instrument
Authors: Ward Dale M. , Kursinski E. Robert , Otarola Angel C. , Stovern Michael , McGhee Josh , Young Abe , Hainsworth Jared , Hagen Jeff , Sisk William , Reed Heather
Published: March 2019

Abstract. A fundamental goal of satellite weather and climate observations is profiling
the atmosphere with in situ-like precision and resolution with absolute
accuracy and unbiased, all-weather, global coverage. While GPS radio
occultation (RO) has perhaps come closest in terms of profiling the gas state
from orbit, it does not provide sufficient information to simultaneously
profile water vapor and temperature. We have been developing the Active
Temperature, Ozone and Moisture Microwave Spectrometer (ATOMMS) RO system
that probes the 22 and 183 GHz water vapor absorption lines to
simultaneously profile temperature and water vapor from the lower troposphere
to the mesopause. Using an ATOMMS instrument prototype between two
mountaintops, we have demonstrated its ability to penetrate through water
vapor, clouds and rain up to optical depths of 17 (7 orders of magnitude
reduction in signal power) and still isolate the vapor absorption line
spectrum to retrieve water vapor with a random uncertainty of less than
1 %. This demonstration represents a key step toward an orbiting ATOMMS
system for weather, climate and constraining processes. ATOMMS water vapor
retrievals from orbit will not be biased by climatological or first-guess
constraints and will be capable of capturing nearly the full range of
variability through the atmosphere and around the globe, in both clear and
cloudy conditions, and will therefore greatly improve our understanding and
analysis of water vapor. This information can be used to improve weather and
climate models through constraints on and refinement of processes affecting
and affected by water vapor.
Inversion of multi-angular polarimetric measurements over open and coastal ocean waters: a joint retrieval algorithm for aerosol and water leaving radiance properties
Authors: Gao Meng , Zhai Peng-Wang , Franz Bryan , Hu Yongxiang , Knobelspiesse Kirk , Werdell P. Jeremy , Ibrahim Amir , Cairns Brian , Chase Alison
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Ocean color remote sensing is a challenging task over coastal waters due to the complex optical properties of aerosols and hydrosols. In order to conduct accurate atmospheric correction, we previously implemented a joint retrieval algorithm to obtain the aerosol and water leaving signal simultaneously. The algorithm has been validated with synthetic data generated by a vector radiative transfer model and good retrieval performance has been demonstrated in terms of both aerosol and ocean water optical properties (Gao et al., 2018). In this work we applied the algorithm to airborne polarimetric measurements from the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) over both open and coastal ocean waters acquired in two field campaigns: the Ship-Aircraft Bio-Optical Research (SABOR) in 2014 and the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) in 2015 and 2016. Two different yet related bio-optical models are designed for ocean water properties. One model aligns with traditional open ocean water bio-optical models that parameterize the ocean optical properties in terms of the concentration of chlorophyll a. The other is a generalized bio-optical model for coastal waters that includes seven free parameters to describe the absorption and scattering by phytoplankton, colored dissolved organic matter and non-algal particles. The retrieval errors of both aerosol optical depth and the water leaving radiance are evaluated. Through the comparisons with ocean color data products from both in situ measurements and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and the aerosol product from both the High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) and the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), our algorithm demonstrates both flexibility and accuracy in retrieving aerosol and water leaving radiance properties under various aerosol and ocean water conditions.
Carbon cycling in the North American coastal ocean: a synthesis
Authors: Fennel Katja , Alin Simone , Barbero Leticia , Evans Wiley , Bourgeois Timothée , Cooley Sarah , Dunne John , Feely Richard A. , Hernandez-Ayon Jose Martin , Hu Xinping , Lohrenz Steven , Muller-Karger Frank , Najjar Raymond , Robbins Lisa , Shadwick Elizabeth , Siedlecki Samantha , Steiner Nadja , Sutton Adrienne , Turk Daniela , Vlahos Penny , Wang Zhaohui Aleck
Published: March 2019

Abstract. A quantification of carbon fluxes in the coastal ocean and across its
boundaries with the atmosphere, land, and the open ocean is important for
assessing the current state and projecting future trends in ocean carbon
uptake and coastal ocean acidification, but this is currently a missing
component of global carbon budgeting. This synthesis reviews recent progress
in characterizing these carbon fluxes for the North American coastal ocean.
Several observing networks and high-resolution regional models are now
available. Recent efforts have focused primarily on quantifying the net
air–sea exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2). Some studies have
estimated other key fluxes, such as the exchange of organic and inorganic
carbon between shelves and the open ocean. Available estimates of air–sea
CO2 flux, informed by more than a decade of observations, indicate
that the North American Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) acts as a sink of 160±80 Tg C yr−1, although this flux is not well constrained. The
Arctic and sub-Arctic, mid-latitude Atlantic, and mid-latitude Pacific
portions of the EEZ account for 104, 62, and −3.7 Tg C yr−1,
respectively, while making up 51 %, 25 %, and 24 % of the total area,
respectively. Combining the net uptake of 160±80 Tg C yr−1 with
an estimated carbon input from land of 106±30 Tg C yr−1 minus
an estimated burial of 65±55 Tg C yr−1 and an estimated
accumulation of dissolved carbon in EEZ waters of 50±25 Tg C yr−1 implies a carbon export of 151±105 Tg C yr−1 to the open ocean. The increasing concentration of
inorganic carbon in coastal and open-ocean waters leads to ocean
acidification. As a result, conditions favoring the dissolution of calcium
carbonate occur regularly in subsurface coastal waters in the Arctic, which
are naturally prone to low pH, and the North Pacific, where upwelling of
deep, carbon-rich waters has intensified. Expanded monitoring and extension
of existing model capabilities are required to provide more reliable coastal
carbon budgets, projections of future states of the coastal ocean, and
quantification of anthropogenic carbon contributions.
Effects of eutrophication on sedimentary organic carbon cycling in five temperate lakes
Authors: Fiskal Annika , Deng Longhui , Michel Anja , Eickenbusch Philip , Han Xingguo , Lagostina Lorenzo , Zhu Rong , Sander Michael , Schroth Martin H. , Bernasconi Stefano M. , Dubois Nathalie , Lever Mark A.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Even though human induced eutrophication has severely impacted temperate lake ecosystems over the last centuries, the effects on total organic carbon (TOC) burial and mineralization are not well understood. We study these effects based on sedimentary records from the last 180 years in five Swiss lakes that differ in trophic state. We compare changes in content of TOC and modeled TOC accumulation rates through time to historical data on algae blooms, water column anoxia, wastewater treatment, artificial lake ventilation, and water column phosphorus (P) concentrations. We furthermore investigate the effects of eutrophication on rates of microbial TOC remineralization and vertical distributions of microbial respiration reactions in sediments. Our results indicate that the history of eutrophication is well reflected in the sedimentary record. Subsurface peaks in sedimentary TOC coincide with past periods of elevated P concentrations in lake water. Sediments of eutrophic lakes show overall higher rates of microbial respiration, and a higher relative contribution of methanogenesis to total respiration. Yet, a clear impact of lake trophic state on the zonation of microbial respiration reactions is absent. Moreover, even though water column P concentrations have been reduced by ~ 80 % (range: ~ 50–90 %) since the period of peak eutrophication in the 1970s, TOC burial and accumulation rates have only decreased significantly (~ 20 and 25 %) in two of the five lakes. Hereby we found no clear relationship between the magnitude of the decrease in P concentrations and the change in TOC burial and accumulation rate. Instead, artificial lake ventilation, which is used to prevent water column anoxia in eutrophic lakes, may help sustain high rates of TOC burial and accumulation in sediments despite strongly reduced water column P concentrations. Our results provide novel insights into how eutrophication and eutrophication management practices affect organic carbon burial and the distribution of microbial respiration reactions in temperate lakes. These insights are important to understanding how anthropogenic activities affect the size of the carbon pool that is stored globally in lacustrine sediments.
The 4.2 ka BP Event in the Mediterranean region: an overview
Authors: Bini Monica , Zanchetta Giovanni , Perşoiu Aurel , Cartier Rosine , Català Albert , Cacho Isabel , Dean Jonathan R. , Di Rita Federico , Drysdale Russell N. , Finnè Martin , Isola Ilaria , Jalali Bassem , Lirer Fabrizio , Magri Donatella , Masi Alessia , Marks Leszek , Mercuri Anna Maria , Peyron Odile , Sadori Laura , Sicre Marie-Alexandrine , Welc Fabian , Zielhofer Christoph , Brisset Elodie
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The Mediterranean region and the
Levant have returned some of the clearest evidence of a climatically dry
period occurring around 4200 years ago. However, some regional evidence is
controversial and contradictory, and issues remain regarding timing,
progression, and regional articulation of this event. In this paper, we review
the evidence from selected proxies (sea-surface temperature, precipitation,
and temperature reconstructed from pollen, δ18O on
speleothems, and δ18O on lacustrine carbonate) over the
Mediterranean Basin to infer possible regional climate patterns during the
interval between 4.3 and 3.8 ka. The values and limitations of
these proxies are discussed, and their potential for furnishing information
on seasonality is also explored. Despite the chronological uncertainties,
which are the main limitations for disentangling details of the climatic
conditions, the data suggest that winter over the Mediterranean involved drier
conditions, in addition to already dry summers. However, some exceptions to
this prevail – where wetter conditions seem to have persisted – suggesting
regional heterogeneity in climate patterns. Temperature data, even if sparse,
also suggest a cooling anomaly, even if this is not uniform. The most common
paradigm to interpret the precipitation regime in the Mediterranean – a
North Atlantic Oscillation-like pattern – is not completely satisfactory to
interpret the selected data.
„Wenn ich es nicht tue, dann macht's ein anderer“ – Subjektwerdungen und Verantwortung
Authors: Geiselhart Klaus , Häberer Tobias
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Poststructuralist theory focuses largely on describing how and why subjects reproduce the social conditions they have internalised. This is a deconstruction of the central idea of the Enlightenment, the human capacity for autonomous action. At the same time, however, it also denies all individuals any responsibility and ultimately leads criticism into a crisis. Pragmatist philosophy offers the possibility of determining the role of the mind in processes of becoming a subject without abandoning the achievements of the poststructuralist concept of subjectification. The concept of transaction describes how actors constitute each other as subjects within social situations. The relationships that arise through such processes depend, among other things, on the personalities of those people involved. Accordingly, it is possible to identify the responsibility of individuals to govern their social relations and personality development. Since these aspects can only be determined in localised individual cases, this offers a particularly suitable starting point for geographical critic.
Scalability and some optimization of the Finite-volumE Sea ice-Ocean Model, Version 2.0 (FESOM2)
Authors: Koldunov Nikolay V. , Aizinger Vadym , Rakowsky Natalja , Scholz Patrick , Sidorenko Dmitry , Danilov Sergey , Jung Thomas
Published: March 2019

Abstract. A study of the scalability of the Finite-volumE Sea ice-Ocean circulation Model, Version 2.0 (FESOM2), the first mature global model of its kind formulated on unstructured meshes, is presented. This study includes an analysis of main computational kernels with a special focus on bottlenecks in parallel scalability. Several model enhancements, improving this scalability for large numbers of processes, are described and tested. Model grids at different resolutions are used on four HPC systems with differing computation and communication hardware to demonstrate model's scalability and throughput. Furthermore, strategies for improvements in parallel performance are presented and assessed. We show that in terms of throughput FESOM2.0 is on par with the state-of-the-art structured ocean models and in realistic eddy resolving configuration (1/10° resolution) can produce about 16 years per day on 14 000 cores. This suggests that unstructured-mesh models are becoming extremely competitive tools in high-resolution climate modelling. It is shown that main bottlenecks of FESOM parallel scalability are the two-dimensional components of the model, namely the computations of external (barotropic) mode and the sea-ice model. It is argued that these bottlenecks are shared with other general ocean circulation models.
Detecting causality signal in instrumental measurements and climate model simulations: global warming case study
Authors: Verbitsky Mikhail Y. , Mann Michael E. , Steinman Byron A. , Volobuev Dmitry M.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Detecting the direction and strength of the causality signal in observed time series is becoming a popular tool for exploration of distributed systems such as Earth's climate system. Here we suggest that in addition to reproducing observed time series of climate variables within required accuracy a model should also exhibit the causality relationship between variables found in nature. Specifically, we propose a novel framework for a comprehensive analysis of climate model responses to external natural and anthropogenic forcing based on the method of conditional dispersion. As an illustration, we assess the causal relationship between anthropogenic forcing (i.e., atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration) and surface temperature anomalies. We demonstrate a strong directional causality between global temperatures and carbon dioxide concentrations (meaning that carbon dioxide affects temperature stronger than temperature affects carbon dioxide) in both the observations and in (CMIP5) climate model simulated temperatures.
Understanding the potential of climate teleconnections to project future groundwater drought
Authors: Rust William , Holman Ian , Bloomfield John , Cuthbert Mark , Corstanje Ron
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Predicting the next major drought is of paramount interest to water managers, globally. Estimating the onset of groundwater drought is of particular importance, as groundwater resources are often assumed to be more resilient when surface water resources begin to fail. A potential source of long-term forecasting is offered by possible periodic controls on groundwater level via teleconnections with oscillatory ocean-atmosphere systems. However, relationships between large-scale climate systems and regional to local-scale rainfall, ET and groundwater are often complex and non-linear so that the influence of long-term climate cycles on groundwater drought remains poorly understood. Furthermore it is currently unknown whether the absolute contribution of multi-annual climate variability to total groundwater storage is significant. This study assesses the extent to which inter-annual variability in groundwater can be used to indicate the timing of groundwater droughts in the UK. Continuous wavelet transforms show how repeating teleconnection-driven 7-year and 16–32 year cycles in the majority of groundwater sites from all the UK's major aquifers can systematically control the recurrence of groundwater drought; and we provide evidence that these periodic modes are driven by teleconnections. Wavelet reconstructions demonstrate that multi-annual periodicities of the North Atlantic Oscillation, known to drive North Atlantic meteorology, comprise up to 40 % of the total groundwater storage variability. Furthermore, the majority of UK recorded droughts in recent history coincide with a minima phase in the 7-year NAO-driven cycles in groundwater level, allowing the estimation of future drought occurrences on a multi-annual timescale. Long-range groundwater drought forecasts via climate teleconnections present transformational opportunities to drought prediction and its management across the North Atlantic region.
Technical note: Changes in cross- and auto-dependence structures in climate projections of daily precipitation and their sensitivity to outliers
Authors: Hnilica Jan , Hanel Martin , Puš Vladimír
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Simulations of regional or global climate models are often used
for climate change impact assessment. To eliminate systematic errors, which
are inherent to all climate model simulations, a number of post-processing
(statistical downscaling) methods have been proposed recently. In addition
to basic statistical properties of simulated variables, some of these
methods also consider a dependence structure between or within variables. In
the present paper we assess the changes in cross- and auto-correlation
structures of daily precipitation in six regional climate model simulations.
In addition the effect of outliers is explored making a distinction between
ordinary outliers (i.e. values exceptionally small or large) and dependence
outliers (values deviating from dependence structures). It is demonstrated
that correlation estimates can be strongly influenced by a few outliers even
in large datasets. In turn, any statistical downscaling method relying on
sample correlation can therefore provide misleading results. An exploratory
procedure is proposed to detect the dependence outliers in multivariate
data and to quantify their impact on correlation structures.
Application of fractal models to delineate mineralized zones in the Pulang porphyry copper deposit, Yunnan, Southwest China
Authors: Wang Xiaochen , Xia Qinglin , Li Tongfei , Leng Shuai , Li Yanling , Kang Li , Chen Zhijun , Wu Lianrong
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The purpose of the paper is to depict various mineralized zones and the barren host rock in accordance with the subsurface and surface lithogeochemical data using the concentration-volume (C-V) and power spectrum-volume (S-V) fractal models within the Pulang copper deposit, southwest China. Results obtained by concentration-volume model depict four geochemical zones defined by Cu thresholds of 0.25 %, 1.38 % and 1.88 %, which represent non-mineralized wall rocks (Cu  1.88 %). S-V model is utilized by performing 3D fast Fourier transformation for assay data in the frequency domain. The S-V method indicates three mineralized zones characterized by Cu threshold values of 0.23 % and 1.33 %. The zones of  1.33 % Cu represent supergene enrichment zones. Both the multifractal models show that high grade mineralization is located at the center and south of Pulang deposit. The results are in contrast with alteration and mineralogical models resulted from the 3D geologic model utilizing the logratio matrix method. Better results were obtained from S-V model to delineate high grade mineralization of Pulang deposit. However, results of C-V method of moderate and weak grade mineralization are more precise than the results gained from S-V method.
Water masses and mixing processes in the Southern Caribbean
upwelling system off Colombia
Authors: Correa-Ramirez Marco , Rodriguez-Santana Ángel , Ricaurte-Villota Constanza , Paramo Jorge
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The upwelling system off the southern Caribbean coast is probably the main nutrients source that support the biological productivity in this oligotrophic sea. The Subtropical Water Mass (SUW) that forms the subsurface salinity maximum in the Caribbean is the main source of upwelled waters in this system. Salinity and temperature vs. depth profiles from 4 oceanographic cruises in the western sector of the Caribbean upwelling system, showed that the salinity of upwelled SUW waters is ~ 0.2 g kg−1 lower than the SUW salinity in the central Caribbean and have a slight seasonal variation that agree with with the rainy/dry seasons in the region. Besides, the depth of these SUW waters in the continental slope (~ 100 m) is ~ 50 m shallower than the SUW depth in the rest of the Caribbean sea. The origin of these modified SUW waters was analyzed using the Mercator numerical model, which reproduces the main vertical characteristics of the subsurface salinity maximum. Modeled data showed that SUW waters upwelled off La Guajira peninsula come from the western Caribbean and arrive to the system transported by an intense Caribbean Coastal Undercurrent (CaCU, mean speed ~ 0.4 m s−1). The lower salinity observed in the upwelled SUW waters may be the result of intense vertical mixing processes with diluted surface waters in the Panama-Colombia gyro that could occur when the CaCU flows below this region before reaching the upwelling zones. The mixing processes in the SUW by double diffusion and mechanical turbulence driven by vertical shear of horizontal currents, were analyzed using the Turner angle and the Thorpe scale, respectively. Double diffusion by salt fingers was found between the SUW and the Central North Atlantic Waters (NACW) with diffusivity values ~ 10−5 m2 s−1. But the mechanical diffusivity was two orders of magnitude higher (10−3 m2 s−1.) than the double diffusivities in the entire water column, generating salt fluxes from the SUW towards surface and towards depth over 2 g kg−1 m d−1. Beyond modifying the salt content in coastal SUW waters, these mixing processes may also alter the nutrient content of upwelling waters, with effects still unknown to the upwelling ecosystem.
Evolution of a long-lived continental arc: a geochemical approach (Arequipa Batholith, Southern Peru)
Authors: Demouy Sophie , Benoit Mathieu , de Saint-Blanquat Michel , Ganne Jérôme
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Batholith emplacements within a continental margin may bear witness of a magmatic input lasting for several million years. Consequently, the geochemical signatures of such sections are complex, and their understanding in terms of petrological processes, is crucial. The Arequipa section of the Coastal Batholith of Southern Peru was discontinuously constructed during several periods of magmatic activity, from the Jurassic to the Paleocene (200–175 Ma, and 90–60 Ma). Thermobarometric data on amphiboles indicates two main levels of emplacement at the batholith scale, the deepest between 5 and 7 km in depth and the second around 3.5 km. The present day outcropping of these different units at the same elevation argue for a large vertical movement along the Lluclla Fault System between 76 and 68 Ma. Both major/trace element contents and Nd-Sr isotopes show a large variability that is not random. The data dispersion is consistent with a two-staged evolutionary model of the magmatic arc, inspired by the MASH model: (i) an early stage dominated by hybridization and fractional crystallization processes, (ii) a late stage in which magmas were homogenized and mainly evolved by fractional crystallization. The change from one stage to another is controlled by the thermal state of the crustal arc section, especially the Deep Crustal Hot Zone.
The internal structure and composition of a plate boundary-scale serpentinite shear zone: The Livingstone Fault, New Zealand
Authors: Tarling Matthew S. , Smith Steven A. F. , Scott James M. , Rooney Jeremy S. , Viti Cecilia , Gordon Keith C.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Deciphering the internal structural and composition of large serpentinite-dominated shear zones will lead to an improved understanding of the rheology of the lithosphere in a range of tectonic settings. The Livingstone Fault in New Zealand is a > 1000 km long terrane-bounding structure that separates the basal portions (peridotite; serpentinised peridotite; metagabbros) of the Dun Mountain Ophiolite Belt from quartzofeldspathic schists of the Caples or Aspiring Terranes. Field and microstructural observations from eleven localities along a strike length of c. 140 km show that the Livingstone Fault is a steeply-dipping, serpentinite-dominated shear zone tens to several hundreds of metres wide. The bulk shear zone has a pervasive scaly fabric that wraps around fractured and faulted pods of massive serpentinite, rodingite and partially metasomatised quartzofeldspathic schist up to a few tens of metres long. S-C fabrics and lineations in the shear zone consistently indicate a steep Caples-side-up (i.e. east-side-up) shear sense, with significant local dispersion in kinematics where the shear zone fabrics wrap around pods. The scaly fabric is dominated (> 98 vol %) by fine-grained (≪ 10 μm) fibrous chrysotile and lizardite/polygonal serpentine, but infrequent (
Improved characterization of alpine permafrost through structurally constrained inversion of refraction seismic data
Authors: Steiner Matthias , Wagner Florian M. , Flores Orozco Adrian
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Geophysical methods are widely used to investigate the influence of climate change on alpine permafrost. Methods sensitive to the electrical properties, such as electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), are the most popular in permafrost investigations. However, the necessity to have a good galvanic contact between the electrodes and the ground in order to inject high current densities is a main limitation of ERT. Several studies have demonstrated the potential of refraction seismic tomography (RST) to overcome the limitations of ERT and to monitor permafrost processes. Seismic methods are sensitive to contrasts in the seismic velocities of unfrozen and frozen media and thus, RST has been successfully applied to monitor seasonal variations in the active layer. However, uncertainties in the resolved models, such as underestimated seismic velocities, and the associated interpretation errors are seldom addressed. To fill this gap, in this study we review existing literature regarding refraction seismic investigations in alpine permafrost permitting to develop conceptual models illustrating different subsurface conditions associated to seasonal variations. We use these models to conduct a careful numerical study aiming at a better understanding of the reconstruction capabilities of standard and constrained RST approaches. Our results demonstrate, that the incorporation of structural constraints in the inversion and the usage of constrained initial models help to better resolve the geometry and the velocity structure of the true models. Moreover, we present the successful application of this extended constrained approach for the inversion of refraction seismic data acquired at Hoher Sonnblick (Austria) by incorporating complementary information obtained from the modelling of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) signatures. In conclusion, our study shows the potential of an extended constrained RST to improve the reconstruction of subsurface units and the associated seismic velocities in a permafrost environment, permitting to reduce the uncertainties in the interpretation of the imaging results.
NARRATIVA, HISTÓRIA DE VIDA E APRENDIZAGEM HISTÓRICA
Authors: Fernandes Sandro Luis , Schmidt Maria Auxiliadora
Published: March 2019

O trabalho tem como foco a análise desenvolvida nas produções de narrativas de uma turma de oitavo ano de Escola da Cidade Industrial de Curitiba (CIC): região ocupada por migrantes a partir dos anos 1970. Um estudo exploratório considerado a primeira fase da pesquisa ação, detectou a ausência de relações entre a história da localidade e as memórias individuais e coletivas dos alunos. A partir dos resultados obtidos foi dada continuidade à pesquisa ação, adotando-se estratégias como narrativas autobiográficas, produção de árvore genealógica, entrevistas e pesquisa documental/internet. Elementos obtidos no resultado final indicam a importância de narrativas autobiográficas como referência para o trabalho da aula histórica, cujo objetivo é a formação da consciência histórica, isto é, o autoconhecimento dos alunos, bem como sua relação com a  memória e a construção de identidades, para dentro, isto é, a relação consigo mesmo e, para fora, a relação com o outro, na perspectiva da orientação temporal do presente, passado e futuro.
UMA ABORDAGEM HISTÓRICA DE PRÁTICAS E REPRESENTAÇÕES DA ASSISTÊNCIA E DA EDUCAÇÃO VOLTADAS À PRIMEIRA INFÂNCIA EM FRANCISCO BELTRÃO/PR
Authors: Machado Cortelini Conceição Caroline
Published: March 2019

Este texto tem como proposta visibilizar processos de constituição da infância na sociedade.  Realiza uma abordagem histórica do atendimento à primeira infância em Francisco Beltrão/PR, assinalando diferentes práticas. Tem como base teórica e metodológica a História Cultural. Documentos escritos e orais compõem o material de análise da pesquisa. Tem destaque o papel desempenhado pela Associação de Proteção à Maternidade e a Infância desde o início da organização política do município. A pesquisa permite perceber o lugar ocupado pela infância na sociedade ao visibilizar práticas e representações que dizem respeito à criança, à assistência social e à educação.