bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bearing fault feature extraction method: stochastic resonance-based negative entropy of square envelope spectrum
Authors: Zhao Haixin , Jiang Xiaomo , Wang Bo , Cheng Xueyu
Published: December 2023

The early identification of bearing defects has recently attracted increasing attention in the fields of condition monitoring and predictive maintenance because of the critical role of bearings on the reliability and safety of turbomachines. The weak features representing early faults in the vibration signals are often submerged in the environmental noise, which poses a major challenge for the early fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. This study proposes a negative entropy of the square envelope spectrum approach integrated with optimized stochastic resonance (SR)-based signal enhancement for accurate early defect detection of rolling element bearings. The proposed method considers the cyclostationarity and impulsivity of the raw signal, as well as its similarity with the enhanced signal, thus reinforcing the characteristic frequency while integrating the regularity of the raw signal to evaluate the SR performance. A comparison study with different existing methods using both numerical and experimental data was conducted to illustrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed methodology for early defect detection of rolling element bearings in different locations. The results show that the proposed method improves the fault detection by 3.5 d earlier than other SR methods, and produces the best enhancement results for fault detection in the outer race, inner race, and rolling element of bearings, with the increase of characteristic frequency intensity coefficient by 126.3%, 118.1%, and 100.5% compared to traditional envelope signals, respectively.
Effect of hydrogen charging intensities and times on hydrogen embrittlement of Q&P980 steel
Authors: Zhao Linlin , Chen Hao , Zhang Caidong , Wang Guangyao , Lu Shenghai , Chen Zejun , Zhao Aimin
Published: December 2023

Q&P steel has good development prospects because of its excellent mechanical properties, but with the improvement in strength grade, hydrogen-induced delayed fracture (HIDF) is almost inevitable. In this paper, slow strain rate tensile tests and deep-drawn cup tests of Q&P980 steel under different hydrogen charging strengths and times were carried out, and the microstructure and fracture morphology were analysed by SEM. The results show that the plastic loss of Q&P980 steel was more obvious with increasing hydrogen charging intensity and hydrogen charging time, and a good elongation of 6.63% is still retained under the hydrogen content of 2.134 ppm. The deep-drawn cup samples were placed in acidic distilled water and alkaline and acidic solutions, and only a deep-drawn ratio of 1.9 showed HIDF in the three solutions. Specifically, 12 cracks were observed after soaking in HCl solution for two days. The main reason is that the martensite, austenite island and ferrite phase interface of Q&P980 steel increase stress during deformation and with the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect, resulting in hydrogen segregation at the phase interface and crack initiation leading to HIDF.
Chlorophyll bloom triggered by tropical storm chedza at the southern tip of madagascar island
Authors: Feng Qi , Shen Hao , Zhu Guohao , Zhang Liqiong , Zhou Yaoyao , Haibin LÜ
Published: December 2023

A phytoplankton bloom during the passage of Tropical Storm (TS) Chedza was observed at the southern tip of Madagascar on January 28, 2015. The mechanisms of the chlorophyll bloom were researched with satellite remote sensing data, reanalysis data and Argo buoy data. The results show that there was horizontal transport of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) with the western coastal current of Madagascar and the South East Madagascar Current (SEMC). At the southern tip of Madagascar, there was a tilted anticyclonic eddy moving westward, which promoted the flow of nitrate at depths from 60 m to 100 m northward into Box A for a month. Simultaneously, the SEMC formed another anticyclonic eddy entering Box C. Following the passage of TS Chedza, cyclone vorticity in Box A increased continuously, and the upwelling became stronger with Ekman pumping. At the same time, the barrier layer weakened, the mixed layer deepened, and the thermocline decreased, which can uplift the nitrate to the upper ocean. After the passage of TS Chedza, sufficient photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) facilitated the Chl-a bloom in Box A. This study contributes to the assessment of the ecological impact of ocean eddies at the southern tip of Madagascar.
Seq2Phase: language model-based accurate prediction of client proteins in liquid–liquid phase separation
Authors: Miyata Kazuki , Iwasaki Wataru
Published: December 2023

Motivation

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) enables compartmentalization in cells without biological membranes. LLPS plays essential roles in membraneless organelles such as nucleoli and p-bodies, helps regulate cellular physiology, and is linked to amyloid formation. Two types of proteins, scaffolds and clients, are involved in LLPS. However, computational methods for predicting LLPS client proteins from amino-acid sequences remain underdeveloped.

Results

Here, we present Seq2Phase, an accurate predictor of LLPS client proteins. Information-rich features are extracted from amino-acid sequences by a deep-learning technique, Transformer, and fed into supervised machine learning. Predicted client proteins contained known LLPS regulators and showed localization enrichment into membraneless organelles, confirming the validity of the prediction. Feature analysis revealed that scaffolds and clients have different sequence properties and that textbook knowledge of LLPS-related proteins is biased and incomplete. Seq2Phase achieved high accuracies across human, mouse, yeast, and plant, showing that the method is not overfitted to specific species and has broad applicability. We predict that more than hundreds or thousands of LLPS client proteins remain undiscovered in each species and that Seq2Phase will advance our understanding of still enigmatic molecular and physiological bases of LLPS as well as its roles in disease.

Availability and implementation

The software codes in Python underlying this article are available at https://github.com/IwasakiLab/Seq2Phase.
Comparison of multiple modalities for drug response prediction with learning curves using neural networks and XGBoost
Authors: Branson Nikhil , Cutillas Pedro R , Bessant Conrad
Published: December 2023

Motivation

Anti-cancer drug response prediction is a central problem within stratified medicine. Transcriptomic profiles of cancer cell lines are typically used for drug response prediction, but we hypothesize that proteomics or phosphoproteomics might be more suitable as they give a more direct insight into cellular processes. However, there has not yet been a systematic comparison between all three of these datatypes using consistent evaluation criteria.

Results

Due to the limited number of cell lines with phosphoproteomics profiles we use learning curves, a plot of predictive performance as a function of dataset size, to compare the current performance and predict the future performance of the three omics datasets with more data. We use neural networks and XGBoost and compare them against a simple rule-based benchmark. We show that phosphoproteomics slightly outperforms RNA-seq and proteomics using the 38 cell lines with profiles of all three omics data types. Furthermore, using the 877 cell lines with proteomics and RNA-seq profiles, we show that RNA-seq slightly outperforms proteomics. With the learning curves we predict that the mean squared error using the phosphoproteomics dataset would decrease by ∼15% if a dataset of the same size as the proteomics/transcriptomics was collected. For the cell lines with proteomics and RNA-seq profiles the learning curves reveal that for smaller dataset sizes neural networks outperform XGBoost and vice versa for larger datasets. Furthermore, the trajectory of the XGBoost curve suggests that it will improve faster than the neural networks as more data are collected.

Availability and implementation

See https://github.com/Nik-BB/Learning-curves-for-DRP for the code used.
SOHPIE: statistical approach via pseudo-value information and estimation for differential network analysis of microbiome data
Authors: Ahn Seungjun , Datta Somnath
Published: December 2023

The SOHPIE R package implements a novel functionality for “multivariable” differential co-abundance network (DN, hereafter) analyses of microbiome data. It incorporates a regression approach that adjusts for additional covariates for DN analyses. This distinguishes from previous prominent approaches in DN analyses such as MDiNE and NetCoMi which do not feature a covariate adjustment of finding taxa that are differentially connected (DC, hereafter) between individuals with different clinical and phenotypic characteristics.

Availability and implementation

SOHPIE with a vignette is available on CRAN repository https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=SOHPIE and published under General Public License (GPL) version 3 license.
CellularPotts.jl: simulating multiscale cellular models in Julia
Authors: Gregg Robert W , Benos Panayiotis V
Published: December 2023

CellularPotts.jl is a software package written in Julia to simulate biological cellular processes such as division, adhesion, and signaling. Accurately modeling and predicting these simple processes is crucial because they facilitate more complex biological phenomena related to important disease states like tumor growth, wound healing, and infection. Here we take advantage of Cellular Potts Modeling to simulate cellular interactions and combine them with differential equations to model dynamic cell signaling patterns. These models are advantageous over other approaches because they retain spatial information about each cell while remaining computationally efficient at larger scales. Users of this package define three key inputs to create valid model definitions: a 2- or 3-dimensional space, a table describing the cells to be positioned in that space, and a list of model penalties that dictate cell behaviors. Models can then be evolved over time to collect statistics, simulated repeatedly to investigate how changing a specific property impacts cellular behavior, and visualized using any of the available plotting libraries in Julia.

Availability and implementation

The CellularPotts.jl package is released under the MIT license and is available at https://github.com/RobertGregg/CellularPotts.jl. An archived version of the code (v0.3.2) at time of submission can also be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10407783.
GeNNius: an ultrafast drug–target interaction inference method based on graph neural networks
Authors: Veleiro Uxía , de la Fuente Jesús , Serrano Guillermo , Pizurica Marija , Casals Mikel , Pineda-Lucena Antonio , Vicent Silve , Ochoa Idoia , Gevaert Olivier , Hernaez Mikel
Published: December 2023

Motivation

Drug–target interaction (DTI) prediction is a relevant but challenging task in the drug repurposing field. In-silico approaches have drawn particular attention as they can reduce associated costs and time commitment of traditional methodologies. Yet, current state-of-the-art methods present several limitations: existing DTI prediction approaches are computationally expensive, thereby hindering the ability to use large networks and exploit available datasets and, the generalization to unseen datasets of DTI prediction methods remains unexplored, which could potentially improve the development processes of DTI inferring approaches in terms of accuracy and robustness.

Results

In this work, we introduce GeNNius (Graph Embedding Neural Network Interaction Uncovering System), a Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based method that outperforms state-of-the-art models in terms of both accuracy and time efficiency across a variety of datasets. We also demonstrated its prediction power to uncover new interactions by evaluating not previously known DTIs for each dataset. We further assessed the generalization capability of GeNNius by training and testing it on different datasets, showing that this framework can potentially improve the DTI prediction task by training on large datasets and testing on smaller ones. Finally, we investigated qualitatively the embeddings generated by GeNNius, revealing that the GNN encoder maintains biological information after the graph convolutions while diffusing this information through nodes, eventually distinguishing protein families in the node embedding space.

Availability and implementation

GeNNius code is available at https://github.com/ubioinformat/GeNNius.
Efficacy and safety of adjuvant immunoadsorption in pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus (IA-Pem Study): a multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: van Beek Nina , Eming Rüdiger , Reuss Alexander , Zillikens Detlef , Sárdy Miklós , Günther Claudia , Kiritsi Dimitra , Benoit Sandrine , Beissert Stefan , Gläser Regine , Gollnick Harald , Horváth Orsolya N , Pfeiffer Christiane , Röcken Martin , Schauer Franziska , Schreml Stephan , Steinbrink Kerstin , Zink Alexander , Schade-Brittinger Carmen , Hertl Michael , Schmidt Enno
Published: December 2023

Background

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) are potentially life-threatening autoimmune blistering diseases. Treatment is based on long-term immunosuppression with high doses of glucocorticosteroids in combination with potentially corticosteroid-sparing agents and/or rituximab. Immunoadsorption (IA) has emerged as a fast-acting adjuvant treatment option.

Objectives

To assess the clinical efficacy of IA in addition to best medical treatment (BMT).

Methods

We conducted a multicentre (26 centres from Germany and Austria) randomized controlled trial in 72 patients with newly diagnosed, relapsed or chronic active PV or PF (34 female patients and 38 male patients, aged 42–72 years) comparing BMT (prednisolone 1.0 mg kg−1 per day plus azathioprine or mycophenolate) with adjuvant IA (BMT + IA). Central 1 : 1 randomization was done at the coordinating centre for clinical trials (KKS Marburg). The primary endpoint was analysed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression methods.

Results

The study was ended prematurely owing to safety concerns after random allocation of 72 patients to BMT + IA (n = 34) or BMT (n = 38). The primary endpoint, time to complete remission on therapy, was not significantly different for the two groups [hazard ratio (HR) 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68–2.69; P = 0.39]. The cumulative dose of prednisolone was significantly lower in the BMT + IA group compared with BMT alone (difference −1214, 95% CI −2225 to −70; P = 0.03). In a post hoc analysis, patients with more extensive PV/PF showed a tendency towards a shorter time to remission in the BMT + IA group compared with the BMT group (HR 1.87, P = 0.17 in patients with baseline Pemphigus Disease Area Index ≥ 15). While more adverse events were observed in patients in the BMT group (29 vs. 25), severe adverse events were more frequent in patients in the BMT + IA group (17 events in 10 patients vs. 11 events in 8 patients).

Conclusions

In this study, adjuvant IA did not demonstrate a shorter time to clinical remission, but a corticosteroid-sparing effect was observed. In patients with extensive PV/PF, post hoc analysis suggests that adjuvant IA may lead to earlier remission, but potential adverse events must be carefully weighed against the expected benefits.
Exploring individual fixel-based white matter abnormalities in epilepsy
Authors: Mito Remika , Pedersen Mangor , Pardoe Heath , Parker Donna , Smith Robert E , Cameron Jillian , Scheffer Ingrid E , Berkovic Samuel F , Vaughan David N , Jackson Graeme D
Published: December 2023

Diffusion MRI has provided insight into the widespread structural connectivity changes that characterize epilepsies. Although syndrome-specific white matter abnormalities have been demonstrated, studies to date have predominantly relied on statistical comparisons between patient and control groups. For diffusion MRI techniques to be of clinical value, they should be able to detect white matter microstructural changes in individual patients. In this study, we apply an individualized approach to a technique known as fixel-based analysis, to examine fibre-tract-specific abnormalities in individuals with epilepsy. We explore the potential clinical value of this individualized fixel-based approach in epilepsy patients with differing syndromic diagnoses. Diffusion MRI data from 90 neurologically healthy control participants and 10 patients with epilepsy (temporal lobe epilepsy, progressive myoclonus epilepsy, and Dravet Syndrome, malformations of cortical development) were included in this study. Measures of fibre density and cross-section were extracted for all participants across brain white matter fixels, and mean values were computed within select tracts-of-interest. Scanner harmonized and normalized data were then used to compute Z-scores for individual patients with epilepsy. White matter abnormalities were observed in distinct patterns in individual patients with epilepsy, both at the tract and fixel level. For patients with specific epilepsy syndromes, the detected white matter abnormalities were in line with expected syndrome-specific clinical phenotypes. In patients with lesional epilepsies (e.g. hippocampal sclerosis, periventricular nodular heterotopia, and bottom-of-sulcus dysplasia), white matter abnormalities were spatially concordant with lesion location. This proof-of-principle study demonstrates the clinical potential of translating advanced diffusion MRI methodology to individual-patient-level use in epilepsy. This technique could be useful both in aiding diagnosis of specific epilepsy syndromes, and in localizing structural abnormalities, and is readily amenable to other neurological disorders. We have included code and data for this study so that individualized white matter changes can be explored robustly in larger cohorts in future work.
Shift in the B cell subsets between children with type 1 diabetes and/or celiac disease
Authors: Tompa Andrea , Faresjö Maria
Published: December 2023

Our purpose was to characterize the pattern of B cell subsets in children with a combined diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (C) since children with single or double diagnosis of these autoimmune diseases may differ in peripheral B cell subset phenotype patterns. B cells were analyzed with flow cytometry for the expression of differentiation/maturation markers to identify transitional, naive, and memory B cells. Transitional (CD24hiCD38hiCD19+) and memory Bregs (mBregs; CD24hiCD27+CD19+, CD1d+CD27+CD19+, and CD5+CD1d+CD19+) were classified as B cells with regulatory capacity. Children with a combined diagnosis of T1D and C showed a pattern of diminished peripheral B cell subsets. The B cells compartment in children with combined diagnosis had higher percentages of memory B subsets and Bregs, including activated subsets, compared to children with either T1D or C. Children with combined diagnosis had a lower percentage of naive B cells (CD27−CD19+; IgD+CD19+) and an increased percentage of memory B cells (CD27+CD19+; IgD−CD19+). A similar alteration was seen among the CD39+ expressing naive and memory B cells. Memory Bregs (CD1d+CD27+CD19+) were more frequent, contrary to the lower percentage of CD5+ transitional Bregs in children with a combined diagnosis. In children with either T1D or C, the peripheral B cell compartment was dominated by naive cells. Differences in the pattern of heterogeneous peripheral B cell repertoire subsets reflect a shifting in the B cell compartment between children with T1D and/or C. This is an immunological challenge of impact on the pathophysiology of these autoimmune diseases.
Rab46: a novel player in mast cell function
Authors: Pedicini Lucia , Smith Jessica , Savic Sinisa , McKeown Lynn
Published: December 2023

Mast cells are infamous for mediating allergic and inflammatory diseases due to their capacity of rapidly releasing a wide range of inflammatory mediators stored in cytoplasmic granules. However, mast cells also have several important physiological roles that involve selective and agonist-specific release of these active mediators. While a filtering mechanism at the plasma membrane could regulate the selective release of some cargo, the plethora of stored cargo and the diversity of mast cell functions suggests the existence of granule subtypes with distinct trafficking pathways. The molecular mechanisms underlying differential trafficking and exocytosis of these granules are not known, neither is it clear how granule trafficking is coupled to the stimulus. In endothelial cells, a Rab GTPase, Rab46, responds to histamine but not thrombin signals, and this regulates the trafficking of a subpopulation of endothelial-specific granules. Here, we sought to explore, for the first time, if Rab46 plays a role in mast cell function. We demonstrate that Rab46 is highly expressed in human and murine mast cells, and Rab46 genetic deletion has an effect on mast cell degranulation that depends on both stimuli and mast cell subtype. This initial insight into the contribution of Rab46 to mast cell function and the understanding of the role of Rab46 in stimuli-dependent trafficking in other cell types necessitates further investigations of Rab46 in mast cell granular trafficking so that novel and specific therapeutic targets for treatment of the diverse pathologies mediated by mast cells can be developed.
Feasibility and prognostic significance of ventricular–arterial coupling after myocardial infarction: the RIGID-MI cohort
Authors: Aghezzaf Samy , Coisne Augustin , Bauters Christophe , Favata Francesco , Delsart Pascal , Coppin Amandine , Seunes Claire , Schurtz Guillaume , Verdier Basile , Lamblin Nicolas , Tazibet Amine , Le Taillandier de Gabory Justine , Ninni Sandro , Donal Erwan , Lemesle Gilles , Montaigne David
Published: December 2023

Aims

The clinical significance and feasibility of the recently described non-invasive parameters exploring ventricular–arterial coupling (VAC) remain uncertain. This study aimed to assess VAC parameters for prognostic stratification in stable patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥40% following myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods and results

Between 2018 and 2021, patients with LVEF ≥40% were evaluated 1 month following MI using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and arterial tonometry at rest and after a handgrip test. VAC was studied via the ratio between arterial elastance (Ea) and end-systolic LV elastance (Ees) and between pulse wave velocity (PWV) and global longitudinal strain (GLS). Patients were followed for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE): all-cause death, acute heart failure, stroke, AMI, and urgent cardiovascular hospitalization. Among the 374 patients included, Ea/Ees and PWV/GLS were obtained at rest for 354 (95%) and 253 patients (68%), respectively. Isometric exercise was workable in 335 patients (85%). During a median follow-up of 32 months (interquartile range: 16–42), 41 (11%) MACE occurred. Patients presenting MACE were significantly older and had a higher prevalence of peripheral arterial disease, lower GLS, higher Ea, PWV, and PWV/GLS ratio. The Ea/Ees ratio and standard TTE parameters during isometric exercise were not associated with MACE. After adjustment, the PWV/GLS ratio was the only VAC parameter independently associated with outcome. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified a PWV/GLS ratio >0.70 (Youden’s index = 0.37) as the best threshold to identify patients developing MACE: hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) = 2.2 (1.14–4.27), P = 0.02.

Conclusion

The PWV/GLS ratio, assessed 1 month after MI, identifies a group of patients at higher risk of MACE providing additional value on top of conventional non-invasive parameters.
Association of vectorcardiographic T-wave area with clinical and echocardiographic outcomes in cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Dural Muhammet , Ghossein Mohammed A , Gerrits Willem , Daniels Fenna , Meine Mathias , Maass Alexander H , Rienstra Michiel , Prinzen Frits W , Vernooy Kevin , van Stipdonk Antonius M W
Published: December 2023

Aims

Data on repolarization parameters in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) are scarce. We investigated the association of baseline T-wave area, with both clinical and echocardiographic outcomes of CRT in a large, multi-centre cohort of CRT recipients. Also, we evaluated the association between the baseline T-wave area and QRS area.

Methods and results

In this retrospective study, 1355 consecutive CRT recipients were evaluated. Pre-implantation T-wave and QRS area were calculated from vectorcardiograms. Echocardiographic response was defined as a reduction of ≥15% in left ventricular end-systolic volume between 3 and 12 months after implantation. The clinical outcome was a combination of all-cause mortality, heart transplantation, and left ventricular assist device implantation. Left ventricular end-systolic volume reduction was largest in patients with QRS area ≥ 109 μVs and T-wave area ≥ 66 μVs compared with QRS area ≥ 109 μVs and T-wave area < 66 μVs (P = 0.004), QRS area < 109 μVs and T-wave area ≥ 66 μVs (P < 0.001) and QRS area < 109 μVs and T-wave area < 66 μVs (P < 0.001). Event-free survival rate was higher in the subgroup of patients with QRS area ≥ 109 μVs and T-wave area ≥ 66 μVs (n = 616, P < 0.001) and QRS area ≥ 109 μVs and T-wave area < 66 μVs (n = 100, P < 0.001) than the other subgroups. In the multivariate analysis, T-wave area remained associated with echocardiographic response (P = 0.008), but not with the clinical outcome (P = 0.143), when QRS area was included in the model.

Conclusion

Baseline T-wave area has a significant association with both clinical and echocardiographic outcomes after CRT. The association of T-wave area with echocardiographic response is independent from QRS area; the association with clinical outcome, however, is not.
A new membrane anatomy-oriented classification of radical surgery for rectal cancer
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Liu Hailong , Li Ajian , Jiang Huihong , Pan Yun , Chen Xin , Yin Lu , Lin Moubin
Published: December 2023

For patients with different clinical stages of rectal cancer, tailored surgery is urgently needed. Over the past 10 years, our team has conducted numerous anatomical studies and proposed the “four fasciae and three spaces” theory to guide rectal cancer surgery. Enlightened by the anatomical basis of the radical hysterectomy classification system of Querleu and Morrow, we proposed a new classification system of radical surgery for rectal cancer based on membrane anatomy. This system categorizes the surgery into four types (A–D) and incorporates corresponding subtypes based on the preservation of the autonomic nerve. Our surgical classification unifies the pelvic membrane anatomical terminology, validates the feasibility of classifying rectal cancer surgery using the theory of “four fasciae and three spaces,” and lays the theoretical groundwork for the future development of unified and standardized classification of radical pelvic tumor surgery.
Daily Rumination–Affect Associations in Dyads During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zambrano Garza Elizabeth , Murphy Rachel A , Linden Wolfgang , Ashe Maureen C , Madden Kenneth M , Jakobi Jennifer M , DeLongis Anita , Gerstorf Denis , Hoppmann Christiane A
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Negative and repetitive self-oriented thinking (rumination) is associated with lower well-being and health. The social context of rumination remains underexplored and mostly centers on marital relationships. To embrace the diversity of older adult relationships, this study includes a range of different relationships (e.g., spouses, siblings, friends, etc.) and examines the role of rumination by close others on individual well-being during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Methods

Using daily diary data from 140 Canadian older adults (M = 72.21 years, standard deviation [SD] = 5.39, range: 63–87 years, 47% women, 71% university educated) and a close other of their choice (M = 59.95 years, SD = 16.54, range: 18–83 years, 78% women, 81% university educated), this project builds on past research examining daily life rumination dynamics from a dyadic perspective. For 10 days, both dyad members reported their daily rumination and affect quality in the evening.

Results

Multilevel models replicate past work showing that individual rumination was associated with higher negative affect (within-person: b = 0.27, p < .001, between-person: b = 0.57, p < .001) and lower positive affect (within-person: b = −0.18, p < .001, between-person: b = −0.29, p < .001). Importantly, we additionally observed that partner rumination was associated with higher negative affect (b = 0.03, p = .038) and lower positive affect (b = −0.04, p = .023), highlighting the social context of rumination.

Discussion

Findings illustrate the significance of rumination for the self and others and underline the merit of taking a dyadic perspective on what is typically viewed as an individual-level phenomenon.
The Impact of Spatial Orientation Changes on Driving Behavior in Healthy Aging
Authors: Morrissey Sol , Jeffs Stephen , Gillings Rachel , Khondoker Mizanur , Patel Martyn , Fisher-Morris Mary , Manley Ed , Hornberger Michael
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Global cognitive changes in older age affect driving behavior and road safety, but how spatial orientation differences affect driving behaviors is unknown on a population level, despite clear implications for driving policy and evaluation during aging. The present study aimed to establish how spatial navigation changes affect driving behavior and road safety within a large cohort of older adults.

Methods

Eight hundred and four participants (mean age: 71.05) were recruited for a prospective cohort study. Participants self-reported driving behavior followed by spatial orientation (allocentric and egocentric) testing and a broader online cognitive battery (visuomotor speed, processing speed, executive functioning, spatial working memory, episodic memory, visuospatial functioning).

Results

Spatial orientation performance significantly predicted driving difficulty and frequency. Experiencing more driving difficulty was associated with worse allocentric spatial orientation, processing speed, and source memory performance. Similarly, avoiding challenging driving situations was associated with worse spatial orientation and episodic memory. Allocentric spatial orientation was the only cognitive domain consistently affecting driving behavior in under 70 and over 70 age groups, a common age threshold for driving evaluation in older age.

Discussion

We established for the first time that worse spatial orientation performance predicted increased driving difficulty and avoidance of challenging situations within an older adult cohort. Deficits in spatial orientation emerge as a robust indicator of driving performance in older age, which should be considered in future aging driving assessments, as it has clear relevance for road safety within the aging population.
FROM THESE ROOTS: THE ROLE OF HBCUS IN PREPARING THE NATION’S GERONTOLOGISTS FOR AN AGING SOCIETY
Authors: Brown Terrell
Published: December 2023

The aging of the U.S. population is creating an increased need for social workers and other helping professionals with training in gerontology. Estimates indicate that less than 3% of MSW students are enrolled in an aging concentration, as compared to 19% enrolled in children/youth concentrations. The phenomenon of a diverse baby boomer generation joining the ranks of persons age 65 and older has created a plethora of scholarship and curriculum development aimed at readying the aging network for the unprecedented growth of older persons. Social work can make unique contributions to the field of gerontology. This study asserts, however, that social work is not adequately prepared to practice in an increasingly diverse aging society. The social work profession has articulated commitments to acknowledging and affirming how diversity and culture shape the human experience and to developing social workers who can competently engage in research-informed practice and practice-informed research. However, there remains a need in social work education for more widespread use of culturally relevant pedagogies that can help achieve these goals. Informed by both the Afrocentric and Black perspectives, this study presents a content analysis of the curricula infused at two historically Black universities. The nature and extent of the contributions of historically Black universities to social work education is the focus of this article. The scope of this investigation also includes the identification of prominent Black social work educators and discusses the implications of these perspectives for more culturally informed gerontology curricula that promote culturally competent gerontological social workers
EMBEDDING EVIDENCE-BASED CAREGIVER SUPPORT IN COMMUNITY-BASED PROGRAMS: THE ADS PLUS PROGRAM
Authors: Gitlin Laura , Gaugler Joseph , Hepburn Kenneth
Published: December 2023

Adult Day Services (ADS) are a community-based option in long-term care, providing a safe, interactive, and managed environment for people with dementia (PWD). ADS also serve racially/ethnically diverse communities, provide respite for family caregivers and help people age-in-place. Nevertheless, research reveals inconsistent benefits of ADS for caregivers of clients and ADS do not typically offer evidence-based caregiver programs as part of routine care. This symposium reports on the results of a novel NIA funded multi-site Hybrid Type I trial with pragmatic elements which evaluated the effectiveness of embedding a caregiver support program, ADS Plus, in ADS and delivered by staff. ADS Plus, provides caregivers with dementia education, stress reduction techniques, validation/support, referrals and linkages, and strategies to address caregiver-identified challenges over 12-months. Reported are the quantitative and cost outcomes, implementation processes, and challenges and lessons learned. Dr. Gitlin will present the main quantitative study outcomes of this multi-site trial involving 34 sites nationally and 234 caregivers, which demonstrated benefits for caregivers and ADS. Next, Dr. Marx will examine implementation findings including session completion and content. Dr. Gaugler will present findings from the qualitative arm examining perceived benefits of ADS Plus by staff and participants. Ms. Prioli will then examine cost savings associated with ADS Plus whereas Dr. Parker will address barriers when partnering with home and community-based services including developing and maintaining partnerships, institutional review board hurdles and staff readiness. To conclude, our discussant, Dr. Kenneth Hepburn, will offer perspectives on moving evidence-based programs into community-based settings such as ADS. This is a Behavioral Interventions for Older Adults Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.
OUTCOMES OF THE ADULT DAY SERVICE PLUS (ADS PLUS) PROGRAM: A HYBRID TYPE I MULTISITE TRIAL DESIGN
Authors: Gitlin Laura , Roth David , Marx Katherine , Parker Lauren , Koeuth Sokha , Dabelko-Schoeny Holly , Anderson Keith , Gaugler Joseph
Published: December 2023

This paper presents the main outcomes of a cluster randomized hybrid trial (type I) involving 34 adult day services (ADS) in the US. Eighteen sites were randomized to control (ADS as usual); 16 sites provided ADS and caregiver support (ADS Plus). Trained staff met with caregivers onsite to provide dementia education, support/validation, referrals/linkages, and strategies for care challenges and self-care over 12-months. Main outcomes included depressive symptoms (CES-D) and well-being at 6-and 12-months, and attendance of clients (people living with dementia) over 12-months. Of 203 caregivers (Intervention=102; Control=101), 5.9% at 3-months, 12.8% at 6-months, and 22.7% at 12-months were lost-to-follow-up. Caregivers were predominantly female (80.3%), with 76.4% identifying as white/Caucasian, 14.8% Black/African American, and 12.3% Hispanic/Latino. Most (88.2%) had >college education and were 65.0 years old (SD=13.46). For those with 6-month data, 40.4% control and 40.2% ADS Plus caregivers had depressed symptoms (>16 CES-D) at baseline. By 6-months, 43.6% control versus 34.2% ADS Plus caregivers had >16 scores (odds ratio=0.38, p=0.072). By 12-months, after covariate adjustments, ADS Plus caregivers reported reduced total depression scores versus controls (p=0.013) and lower depressed affect scores (p=0.015). Of 18 sites providing 12-month client attendance data, nine intervention sites reported 126.05 days attended versus 78.49 days for nine control sites (p=0.079). Compared to ADS alone, by 12-months ADS Plus improved caregiver mood and increased ADS utilization by 60.6%. Results support ADS staff delivering evidence-based caregiver support to enhance benefits for clients, caregivers and ADS.
COST ANALYSIS OF THE ADULT DAY SERVICES PLUS TRIAL
Authors: Pizzi Laura , Prioli Katherine , Jutkowitz Eric , Molinari Alexa , Gitlin Laura
Published: December 2023

We assessed costs associated with ADS Plus vs. control from payer and societal perspectives using trial data. Costs were valued in $US 2021 and included ADS Plus program delivery, direct healthcare utilization (HCU), formal care and social services (FCSS), and indirect caregiver time (CGT). Payer perspective analyses included HCU and FCSS costs, with and without ADS Plus program delivery costs; societal perspective included these plus CGT costs. Analysis consisted of the mean per-dyad difference in change for ADS Plus (n=102) vs. control (n=101) at 6 and 12-months. ADS Plus program delivery costs were $671. At 6-months, comparing ADS Plus to control, there were mean savings in HCU ($79), FCSS ($1,038), and CGT ($6,426). Payer perspective total savings for ADS Plus were $446 and $1,117 with and without ADS Plus program delivery respectively; societal perspective savings were $6,872 and $7,543, with vs. without AD Plus program delivery, respectively. At 12-months for ADS Plus vs. control, HCU savings were $1,686 and FCSS savings were $290. CGT was $76 higher for ADS Plus. Payer perspective savings were $1,305 and $1,976 with and without ADS Plus program delivery respectively; societal perspective savings were $1,228 with ADS Plus delivery and $1,899 without it. ADS Plus costs were lower than control thus representing potential savings from both the payer and societal perspectives. Savings were primarily driven by lower costs in healthcare utilization including inpatient hospitalizations, outpatient visits, and home health aide services. Though favorable, findings were not statistically significant and should be interpreted with caution.
RURAL–URBAN DIFFERENCES IN POSTSURGICAL SERVICE USE AND OUTCOMES AMONG VETERANS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Davila Heather , Gao Yubo , Jacobs Michael , Hadlandsmyth Katherine , Duncan Carly , Strayer Andrea , Hall Daniel , Vaughan-Sarrazin Mary
Published: December 2023

Adults with dementia have worse post-surgical outcomes than those without dementia, including readmission and death. The use of home health or facility-based skilled nursing after discharge may prevent poor outcomes. We know little about rural-urban differences in post-discharge services or outcomes among individuals with dementia. We examined the relationship between post-discharge service use and 30-day readmission or mortality using retrospective data for Veterans Affairs patients aged 65+ with dementia who underwent inpatient surgery between 2013-2019. We used merged VA and Medicare claims to categorize patients as discharged to home without services, home with home health, or skilled nursing/rehabilitation facility [SNF]. We excluded individuals who were transferred to another acute hospital, transferred to hospice, died or were readmitted within 3 days of discharge, or were not enrolled in Medicare. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between rurality, discharge location, and outcomes, while controlling for demographics, frailty, comorbidities, surgical specialty, and surgical complexity. The analytic sample included 4534 Veterans; 48.7% discharged to a SNF, 40.1% to home without services, and 10.4% to home with home health. We did not find rural-urban differences in risk-adjusted readmission or mortality overall. Among those discharged to home (n=2324), receipt of home health was modestly associated with decreased readmission risk overall (OR=0.52; p=0.07), and lower risk of morality among urban Veterans (OR=0.34; p=0.05) but not rural Veterans. Although we did not find rurality disparities in outcomes, further research may identify reasons home health decreases post-surgical mortality among urban but not rural adults with dementia.
AARP PUBLIC POLICY INSTITUTE PRESENTS THE LONG-TERM SERVICES AND SUPPORTS STATE SCORECARD, 2023
Authors: Reinhard Susan , Reinhard Susan
Published: December 2023

This symposium will present and explore in-depth the 2023 Long-Term Services and Supports (LTSS) State Scorecard. With funding from The SCAN Foundation, The Commonwealth Fund, and The John A. Hartford Foundation, this Scorecard is the fifth edition from the AARP Public Policy Institute. The Scorecard ranks states across five key dimensions that comprise a framework for high-performing LTSS system performance: affordability and access, choice of setting and provider, quality and safety, support for family caregivers, and community and integration. In this symposium, speakers will discuss the Scorecard’s history, its most recent findings, and the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for state LTSS system performance. In addition, the Scorecard explores LTSS equity, and we will discuss how policymakers, practitioners, the private sector, and other actors can further realize equitable systems of supports.
RACIAL/ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN HOSPITAL READMISSION AND FREQUENT HOSPITALIZATIONS AMONG PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Mahmoudi Elham
Published: December 2023

People 65+ must choose between traditional Medicare (TM) and Medicare Advantage (MA). This study has two aims: (1) examine 30-day readmission and frequent hospitalizations in TM vs. MA; (2) examine racial/ethnic disparities in noted outcomes. We used a 20% random sample of TM and MA insurance claims (2018-2019). Participants included individuals 65+, with a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD), and two years of continuous enrollment in TM (n=129,177) or MA (n=119,130). Our explanatory variables included age, sex, race/ethnicity, comorbidities, frailty index, continuity of care index, and discharge location. Generalized linear models were applied. There were a higher percentage of Black (13.1% vs 8.2%) and Hispanic (11.9% vs. 7.0%) people in MA vs. TM (p <.001). MA enrollees had lower rates of chronic conditions and were less frail (31.4 vs. 33.6; p< .001), but a higher percentage of them had an annual wellness visit (38.8% vs. 32.3%; p <.001) than TM enrollees. Our matched and adjusted models show that TM increased the odds of readmission [OR=1.16 (95% CI: 1.06-1.26)] and 2+ hospitalizations [OR=1.25 (95% CI: 1.19-1.40)] compared to MA. Hispanic-White disparities in 30-day readmission [OR=1.23 (95% CI: 1.06-1.43)] and 2+ hospitalizations [1.42 (95% CI: 1/31-1.56)] were higher in TM vs. MA. Black people had higher readmission risks [OR=1.18 (95% CI:1.08-1.28)] and frequent hospitalizations [OR=1.26 (95% CI:1.19-1.33)] without any significant difference between MA and TM in Black-White disparities. MA vs. TM enrollees had lower risks of readmission and frequent hospitalizations. Moreover, MA lowered Hispanic-White disparities compared with TM.
EMPOWERING LGBTQ OLDER ADULTS: PROMOTING HEALTH EQUITY AND WELL-BEING ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE
Authors: Kim Hyun-Jun , Fredriksen-Goldsen Karen
Published: December 2023

The population is becoming more diverse in terms of sexual orientation and gender identity across all age groups. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) older adults are found to experience health disadvantages over time. However, there is a lack of research on health-related mechanisms, so it is important to understand the unique needs and resources in these underserved communities. This symposium fills this research gap by examining the factors that affect LGBTQ health trajectories and subgroup differences using a life course developmental framework, the Health Equity Promotion Model (HEPM). The HEPM model highlights historical, social, environmental, and cultural influence on health and well-being and varying adaptations of LGBTQ older adults. The symposium draws on data from the first national and longitudinal study, Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging and Sexuality/Gender study, which has been following 2,450 LGBTQ midlife and older adults since 2014. Dr. Nelson will discuss sexual and gender identities and their associations with physical and psychological health-related quality of life. By investigating the interplay between marginalization, health behaviors, and health care access over time, Dr. Fredriksen-Goldsen assesses quality of life over time by gender and generational differences. Dr. Kim will discuss the role of social connectivity and intersectionality in predicting cognitive impairment over time among racially and ethnically diverse LGBTQ older adults. Using a health equity lens, this symposium will shed new light on the ways in which historical and environmental contexts influence human development and how marginalization and resilience shape lives over time. This is a Rainbow Research Group Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.
JGMS EDITOR’S CHOICE ARTICLES OF 2022: BIOLOGIC AND SOCIAL INFLUENCES ON COGNITIVE AND PHYSICAL AGING
Authors: Lipsitz Lewis , Cawthon Peggy
Published: December 2023

This symposium will present four 2022 “Editor’s Choice” articles from the Journal of Gerontology Medical Sciences that focus on the biological and social influences on cognitive and physical aging. Mercedes Sotos-Prieto and her colleagues, in their article “A Mediterranean Lifestyle and Frailty Incidence in Older Adults: The Seniors-ENRICA-1 Cohort” examine the association between a Mediterranean lifestyle, which included diet, customs, and traditions, and frailty incidence in older adults. Mark Espeland and his colleagues, in “Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Alzheimer’s Disease Risk: Role of Exposure to Ambient Fine Particles” used unique data from the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study to investigate this previously unstudied relationship between racial disparities, ambient fine particle exposure, and risk of Alzheimer’s. “Trans-Ethnic Meta-Analysis of Interactions Between Genetics and Early-Life Socioeconomic Context on Memory Performance and Decline in Older Americans,” written by Jessica Faul and colleagues, examines whether gene regions previously associated with cognitive performance, dementia, and related traits had an interaction with childhood socioeconomic context on memory performance or decline. Lingxiao He and coauthors, in their article, “Prospective Associations of Plasma Growth Differentiation Factor 15 With Physical Performance and Cognitive Functions in Older Adults” examines the relationship between Plasma GDF15, lower-limb physical performance, and global cognitive function in older adults. Our discussant, Peggy Cawthon, will highlight commonalities and lessons learned from these studies.