bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
City thematic approach to achieve liveable city: case study of Bandung City
Authors: Sutriadi R , Noviansyah A
Published: December 2021

Livable City has been the goal for many cities and has become the one purpose of city planning. Nowadays, the need to achieve the livable aspects of the city resurfaced as an issue highlighted in Sustainable Development Goals. This brings focus on the index of livability, which tried to measure how livable the city is. The Indexes, however, did not instruct the correct directions to achieve the index. Various approaches have been done to satisfy the index of the livable city—where city thematic becomes one of the alternatives. Along with the common goals of achieving not only livable but also a sustainable city, the city thematic approach also raises many unique perks for solving urban problems. Although when the goals have always been the same, the approach might be slightly different. This paper explains that although there are several ways to achieve a livable city, the thematic city approach may be considered as an effective way to raise awareness of uncommon livability problems, and therefore one of the interesting approaches to be focused on.
Land use change trend of paddy field and its influence on food security in Gerbangkertosusila Region
Authors: Firmansyah F , Susetyo C , Pratomoatmojo N A , Kurniawati U F , Yusuf M
Published: December 2021

Economic growth encourages development growth in the Gerbangkertosusila (or can be shortened as GKS) region, which is a challenge for the agricultural sector. The phenomenon of changing the function of paddy fields to developed land because of the high demand for land can threaten the food security of a region. This research will model the trend of land use change and its impact on food security in GKS region in the next 20 years using cellular automata methods and quantitative statistics. Data collection was carried out by literature studies, field observations and interviews through questionnaires to relevant stakeholders. The results of the spatial modeling analysis of the paddy field conversion trend show that there are three regions that have the highest conversion rate of paddy fields in the GKS region, namely Sidoarjo, Gresik and Surabaya City. After further analysis related to food demand projections and rice production projections is carried out, Surabaya and Sidoarjo Regency is currently experiencing a food deficit which could last even in the years ahead. Having this result, the role of several other regencies such as Lamongan and Mojokerto Regency is needed in maintaining food security in the GKS region.
Determination of the location of dragon fruit agrotourism development in Bangorejo Sub-district, Banyuwangi based on agrotourism development factors and land carrying capacity
Authors: Umilia E , Nabila D H
Published: December 2021

Bangorejo Sub-district has abundant dragon fruit potential and can be developed into an agrotourism area. However, there are still problems including the drop in the price of dragon fruit when the main harvest arrives, the lack of added value of dragon fruit, and problems related to the land carrying capacity in which Bangorejo Sub-district contains expansive soil, namely land that is expanding and shrinking. This research was conducted to determine the location of dragon fruit agrotourism development in Bangorejo Sub-district, Banyuwangi based on the land carrying capacity. The methods used were the content analysis method for the first objective, namely identifying the factors that influence the development of dragon fruit agrotourism in Bangorejo Sub-district and scalogram analysis as well as the overlay for the second objective, namely identifying prospective agrotourism locations for agrotourism development in Bangorejo Sub-district based on agrotourism development factors and land carrying capacity. The results of this research found that the suitable villages for the dragon fruit agrotourism development includes Sukorejo, Ringintelu, Sambirejo, Sambimulyo, Temurejo, and Kebondalem Villages with the widest suitable land is at Kebondalem Village.
The government success in revitalizing Old City Semarang
Authors: Handaruni R , Marlina A , Winarto Y
Published: December 2021

The historic city will suffer damage eventually if left without any preservation action. One of the conservation measures is revitalization. Indonesia has several historic city heritages that have undergone revitalization and spread in big cities. Semarang Old City, Central Java is one of the historic areas that experienced significant changes after revitalization. The Semarang Old City revitalization has been able to revive an area that was once almost abandoned so that it is now a bustling area of visitors. Significant changes in Semarang Old City are an indication of successful revitalization. The problem found is how the government can successfully revitalize the old city of Semarang so that it becomes a tourist destination. This study aims to determine in the architecture theory what key strategies are carried out in the revitalization of the Old City of Semarang. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method with data obtained from observations. The result shows how the revitalization was carried out by the government, such as 1). Repairing old historic buildings to have economic value and attract visitors; 2). Arranging and repairing infrastructures, facilities, and utilities; 3). Add some facilities to support the tourism function.
The resilience of Jenang industrial traditional houses against development of the times
Authors: Putri V K , Pitana T S , Setyaningsih W
Published: December 2021

This research will reveal clarity about the sustainability of the traditional house of Kudus which is used as a house for the jenang industry. The Kudus traditional house or it can be called the joglo pencu house is a house that has a blend of acculturation with local Javanese Pesisiran characters. This character is the result of the cultural process of the Kudus community. The culture of making the traditional house of the Kudus as a residence has developed into a forum for household business activities or Home Based Enterprises (HBE), namely the Kudus jenang industry. The traditional house has been used for jenang industrial activities for generations. The Kudus traditional house is still used as a jenang production house, even though the development of buildings and technology is currently progressing. This paper discusses what factors make the jenang industry still maintain traditional houses for jenang production activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that make traditional houses still function as jenang industrial production houses. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method of the Kudus traditional house. The results of this study will show that there is an effort to maintain the traditional house of the Kudus by developing socio-economic activities.
Heritage management: the value discontinuation of heritage sites in indonesia: problem and challenges
Authors: Tucunan K P , Perkasa M I
Published: December 2021

Indonesia was evolving in the term of cultural beliefs and value as well as their Identity. This process is well recorded by many archeological shreds of evidence from the pre-history, enlightenment era to the modern era. The problem of this shifting culture occurs when the archeological objects do not currently represent the identity of the society anymore. The objects that were valued are now experiencing value discontinuation. From sacred to profane, from hailed to abandoned, even some objects are being disregarded. This paper aimed to identify what value that has been discontinued from the tangible heritage sites in Indonesia. Observing three study cases: Shiva-Budha, Hindu, and also Islamic Heritage, this study concludes there is discontinuation in historic, aesthetic, social, and scientific values.
Building age profile and figure-ground image: defining the urban development pattern of Balikpapan City
Authors: Jordan N A , Sherlia  , Syafitri E D
Published: December 2021

As one of Indonesian city that emerged from the industrial sector, Balikpapan grew and was inhabited by transmigrates from various cultures. The development and growth patterns of the Balikpapan urban area was influenced by the culture of the residents, due to the absence of empire influence or colonialism. This research was conducted to identify the oldest area as a starting point of the urban development patterns of Balikpapan. The building-age profile method was used to identify the oldest building groups or blocks, which belong to the city’s heritage zone. In this analysis, a series of figure-ground images in several periods were collected to indicate the building age. Through the process of overlaying solid-void maps, the pattern of space-built interaction was generated as the patterns of urban development. Results shown that urban development, which was determined through overlay technique, was organic pattern, which was formed by several connected irregular shapes. The conservation of the urban pattern indicates the effort to achieve urban identity, as one of the sustainable urban form indicator.
On the relation between input and output distributions of scRNA-seq experiments
Authors: Schwabe Daniel , Falcke Martin
Published: December 2021

Motivation

Single-cell RNA sequencing determines RNA copy numbers per cell for a given gene. However, technical noise poses the question how observed distributions (output) are connected to their cellular distributions (input).

Results

We model a single-cell RNA sequencing setup consisting of PCR amplification and sequencing, and derive probability distribution functions for the output distribution given an input distribution. We provide copy number distributions arising from single transcripts during PCR amplification with exact expressions for mean and variance. We prove that the coefficient of variation of the output of sequencing is always larger than that of the input distribution. Experimental data reveals the variance and mean of the input distribution to obey characteristic relations, which we specifically determine for a HeLa dataset. We can calculate as many moments of the input distribution as are known of the output distribution (up to all). This, in principle, completely determines the input from the output distribution.

Availability and Implementation

Source code freely available at https://github.com/danielschw188/InputOutputSCRNASeq.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Governing Ecological Connectivity in Cross-Scale Dependent Systems
Authors: Keeley Annika T H , Fremier Alexander K , Goertler Pascale A L , Huber Patrick R , Sturrock Anna M , Bashevkin Samuel M , Barbaree Blake A , Grenier J Letitia , Dilts Thomas E , Gogol-Prokurat Melanie , Colombano Denise D , Bush Eva E , Laws Angela , Gallo John A , Kondolf Mathias , Stahl Amanda T
Published: December 2021

Ecosystem management and governance of cross-scale dependent systems require integrating knowledge about ecological connectivity in its multiple forms and scales. Although scientists, managers, and policymakers are increasingly recognizing the importance of connectivity, governmental organizations may not be currently equipped to manage ecosystems with strong cross-boundary dependencies. Managing the different aspects of connectivity requires building social connectivity to increase the flow of information, as well as the capacity to coordinate planning, funding, and actions among both formal and informal governance bodies. We use estuaries in particular the San Francisco Estuary, in California, in the United States, as examples of cross-scale dependent systems affected by many intertwined aspects of connectivity. We describe the different types of estuarine connectivity observed in both natural and human-affected states and discuss the human dimensions of restoring beneficial physical and ecological processes. Finally, we provide recommendations for policy, practice, and research on how to restore functional connectivity to estuaries.
Renin–angiotensin system blockers during the COVID-19 pandemic: an update for patients with hypertension and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Theodorakopoulou Marieta P , Alexandrou Maria-Eleni , Boutou Afroditi K , Ferro Charles J , Ortiz Alberto , Sarafidis Pantelis
Published: December 2021

Hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are among the most common comorbidities associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and mortality risk. Renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blockers are cornerstones in the treatment of both hypertension and proteinuric CKD. In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, a hypothesis emerged suggesting that the use of RAS blockers may increase susceptibility for COVID-19 infection and disease severity in these populations. This hypothesis was based on the fact that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a counter regulatory component of the RAS, acts as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 cell entry. Extrapolations from preliminary animal studies led to speculation that upregulation of ACE2 by RAS blockers may increase the risk of COVID-19-related adverse outcomes. However, these hypotheses were not supported by emerging evidence from observational and randomized clinical trials in humans, suggesting no such association. Herein we describe the physiological role of ACE2 as part of the RAS, discuss its central role in COVID-19 infection and present original and updated evidence from human studies on the association between RAS blockade and COVID-19 infection or related outcomes, with a particular focus on hypertension and CKD.
Interactions, structural aspects and evolutionary perspectives of the yeast ‘START’-regulatory network
Authors: Stephan Octavian O H
Published: December 2021

Molecular signal transduction networks, which conduct transcription at the G1 to S phase transition of the eukaryotic cell division cycle have been identified in diverse taxa from mammals to baker's yeast with analogous functional organization. However, regarding some network components, such as the transcriptional regulators STB1 and WHI5, only few orthologs exist, which are confined to individual Saccharomycotina species. While Whi5 has been characterized as yeast analog of human Rb protein, in the particular case of Stb1 (Sin three binding protein 1) identification of functional analogs emerges as difficult because to date its exact functionality still remains obscured. By aiming to resolve Stb1's enigmatic role this Perspective article especially surveys works covering relations between Cyclin/CDKs, the heteromeric transcription factor complexes SBF (Swi4/Swi6) and MBF (Mbp1/Swi6), as well as additional coregulators (Whi5, Sin3, Rpd3, Nrm1) which are collectively associated with the orderly transcription at ‘Start’ of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle. In this context, interaction capacities of the Sin3-scaffold protein are widely surveyed because its four PAH domains (Paired Amphiphatic Helix) represent a ‘recruitment-code’ for gene-specific targeting of repressive histone deacetylase activity (Rpd3) via different transcription factors. Here, Stb1 plays a role in Sin3's action on transcription at the G1/S-boundary. Through bioinformatic analyses a potential Sin3-interaction domain (SID) was detected in Stb1, and beyond that, connections within the G1/S-regulatory network are discussed in structural and evolutionary context thereby providing conceptual perspectives.
Activity of temocillin against third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream isolates from a clinical trial
Authors: Stewart Adam G , Henderson Andrew , Bauer Michelle J , Paterson David L , Harris Patrick N A
Published: December 2021

Background

Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC-producing Gram-negative bacilli contribute significantly to the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) burden worldwide. Temocillin is an intravenous semisynthetic antibiotic that is stable to hydrolysis by ESBLs and AmpC. Temocillin may be a treatment option for serious infections due to these organisms.

Methods

Third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the MERINO trial were collected. The majority originated from the urinary tract. Isolates had previously undergone whole genome sequencing (WGS) to identify antimicrobial resistance genes. Temocillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined by broth microdilution (BMD) with a concentration range of 2 to 128 mg/L. A recent EUCAST guideline has recommended clinical breakpoints for urinary E. coli, Klebsiella spp. (except K. aerogenes) and Proteus mirabilis (resistant >16 mg/L).

Results

317 index bloodstream isolates (275 E. coli and 42 K. pneumoniae) were used. The frequency of β-lactamases among isolates was: CTX-M-15 (56%), OXA-1 (31%), CTX-M-27 (14%), CTX-M-14 (12%) and CMY-2 (8%). Overall, 95% of isolates were susceptible, increased exposure according to EUCAST clinical breakpoints v11.0. Summary MIC values were obtained: MIC50 was 8 mg/L and MIC90 was16 mg/L (range ≤2 to ≥128 mg/L) and did not differ markedly between species. Higher MIC values were seen among isolates that produced more than one β-lactamase but this did not appear to be specific to a single β-lactamase.

Conclusions

Temocillin demonstrated favourable in vitro activity against ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacterales bloodstream isolates and may be a suitable agent to be trialled for treatment of serious infections due to these organisms.
Development of a Validated Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for Vinpocetine in the Presence of Potential Impurities in Tablet Dosage Form by Multiresponse Optimization
Authors: Karaer Özlem , Dinç-Zor Şule , Aşçı Bürge
Published: December 2021

Background

Vinpocetine has been prescribed for the treatment of ischemic brain diseases for many years. The drug, which has side effects such as headache, flushing, and decreased blood pressure, is not found in nature, but it can be synthesized by several approaches.

Objective

A simple, rapid, selective, stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of vinpocetine and their potential impurities in a tablet formulation.

Method

Optimum HPLC conditions were tried to be determined by a statistical experimental design method. The proposed method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. Stress study was used to demonstrate the stability-indicating ability of the developed method in the quantification of vinpocetine and potential impurities within the same run.

Results

According to multiresponse optimization using the Derringer’s desirability function, the mobile phase consisted of an acetonitrile–phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) in the ratio of 65:35 (v/v) at a flow rate of 1.7 mL/min. Significant degradations were observed for the drug product under acid hydrolysis and alkali hydrolysis. The new method showed reasonable detection and quantification limits with good selectivity, precision, linearity, and recovery.

Conclusions

These validation results have shown that this method is suitable for quantitative determination of vinpocetine and its impurities in quality control laboratories.

Highlights

A reliable and rapid HPLC method optimized with response surface methodology and multiresponse optimization based on Derringer’s desirability function was developed for the simultaneous analysis of vinpocetine and its impurities in a tablet formulation.
Tweets We Like Aren’t Alike: Time of Day Affects Engagement with Vice and Virtue Tweets
Authors: Zor Ozum , Kim Kihyun Hannah , Monga Ashwani
Published: December 2021

Consumers are increasingly engaging with content on social media platforms, such as by “following” Twitter accounts and “liking” tweets. How does their engagement change through the day for vice content offering immediate gratification versus virtue content offering long-term knowledge benefits? Examining when (morning vs. evening) engagement happens with which content (vice vs. virtue), the current research reveals a time-of-day asymmetry. As morning turns to evening, engagement shifts away from virtue and toward vice content. This asymmetry is documented in three studies using actual Twitter data—millions of data points collected every 30 minutes over long periods of time—and one study using an experimental setting. Consistent with a process of self-control failure, one of the Twitter data studies shows a theory-driven moderation of the asymmetry, and the experiment shows mediation via self-control. However, multiple processes are likely at play, as time does not unfold in isolation during a day, but co-occurs with the unfolding of multiple events. These results provide new insights into social media engagement and guide practitioners on when to post which content.
Automobiles and urban density
Authors: Ostermeijer Francis , Koster Hans R A , van Ommeren Jos , Nielsen Victor Mayland
Published: December 2021

How has the rise of the automobile influenced urban areas over the past century? In this paper, we investigate the long-run impact of car ownership on urban population density, based on a sample of 232 city observations in 57 countries. Using the presence of a domestic car manufacturer in 1920 as a source of exogenous variation, our IV estimates indicate that car ownership substantially reduces density. A one standard deviation increase in car ownership rates causes a reduction in population density of around 35%. For employment density, we find almost identical results. This result has important implications for vehicle taxation, car ownership growth in developing countries, and new transport technologies such as automated vehicles.
Case report: bowel perforation after cutaneous nerve radiofrequency ablation for postherniorrhaphy neuralgia
Authors: Neubauer Steven A , Capal Nicholas B , Reimer Sean C
Published: December 2021

Postoperative inguinal neuralgia is a known complication of open or laparoscopic herniorrhaphy, initially managed conservatively with analgesics. If symptoms do not resolve additional treatment modalities include nerve blocks, mesh explanation, neurectomy or radiofrequency ablation. Radiofrequency ablation is also used for ablation of hepatic tumors, and thermal injury to bowel is a known and well-documented complication with its use on the liver. There is no published literature or case reports describing thermal injury to bowel from radiofrequency ablation of ilioinguinal or iliohypogastric nerves. We present a case of a 44-year-old male with postoperative inguinal neuralgia following bilateral herniorrhaphies. He failed conservative management and underwent hot radiofrequency ablation of bilateral ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves and presented with delayed small bowel perforation due to thermal injury.
Chromosomal Fusions Facilitate Adaptation to Divergent Environments in Threespine Stickleback
Authors: Liu Zuyao , Roesti Marius , Marques David , Hiltbrunner Melanie , Saladin Verena , Peichel Catherine L
Published: December 2021

Chromosomal fusions are hypothesized to facilitate adaptation to divergent environments, both by bringing together previously unlinked adaptive alleles and by creating regions of low recombination that facilitate the linkage of adaptive alleles; but, there is little empirical evidence to support this hypothesis. Here, we address this knowledge gap by studying threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), in which ancestral marine fish have repeatedly adapted to freshwater across the northern hemisphere. By comparing the threespine and ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) genomes to a de novo assembly of the fourspine stickleback (Apeltes quadracus) and an outgroup species, we find two chromosomal fusion events involving the same chromosomes have occurred independently in the threespine and ninespine stickleback lineages. On the fused chromosomes in threespine stickleback, we find an enrichment of quantitative trait loci underlying traits that contribute to marine versus freshwater adaptation. By comparing whole-genome sequences of freshwater and marine threespine stickleback populations, we also find an enrichment of regions under divergent selection on these two fused chromosomes. There is elevated genetic diversity within regions under selection in the freshwater population, consistent with a simulation study showing that gene flow can increase diversity in genomic regions associated with local adaptation and our demographic models showing gene flow between the marine and freshwater populations. Integrating our results with previous studies, we propose that these fusions created regions of low recombination that enabled the formation of adaptative clusters, thereby facilitating freshwater adaptation in the face of recurrent gene flow between marine and freshwater threespine sticklebacks.
The role of PLA2R antibody monitoring: what we know and what we do not know
Authors: Ronco Pierre , Plaisier Emmanuelle , Debiec Hanna
Published: December 2021

For a long time, kidney biopsy was the only diagnostic means for membranous nephropathy (MN) and proteinuria and serum creatinine were the only markers of disease activity. The discovery of the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody in 2009 has induced a paradigm shift in both the diagnosis and monitoring of patients. Two serological tests are routinely used: the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which is quantitative, and the immunofluorescence assay (IFA), which is more sensitive. In centres where the two assays are available, the recommendation is to use IFA for screening and diagnosis of immunological remission and ELISA for monitoring the effectiveness of therapy. In patients with positive PLA2R antibody serology, normal kidney function and no evidence of an underlying disease, a kidney biopsy is not mandatory given the almost 100% specificity of the assays. Because MN has different phases, one cannot base a clinical or therapeutic decision on a single measurement of PLA2R antibody at baseline. Risk evaluation of disease progression is a dynamic process that should be performed repeatedly to capture the trajectory of the disease based on both the traditional biomarkers (proteinuria and serum creatinine) and PLA2R antibody levels. The effectiveness of therapy is also evaluated on the PLA2R antibody trajectory, particularly during the first 6 months. Finally, PLA2R antibody monitoring has transformed the management of patients with kidney allografts. Future studies are needed to develop more subtle immunological tests, including monitoring of antigen-specific memory B cells.
Does a Large Crime Decline Mean That Hot Spots of Crime Are No Longer ‘Hot’?: Evidence from a Study of New York City Street Segments
Authors: Weisburd David , Zastrow Taryn
Published: December 2021

The law of crime concentration at places predicts that hot spot streets in a city will maintain very high crime levels even when there are strong crime drops in a city overall. We use New York City as a case study focusing on crime at street segments to illustrate this outcome. New York City experienced very large crime declines over the last quarter-century. Nonetheless, looking at the hot spot street segments that produce 25% and 50% of crime in 2010, 2015, and 2020, we find that many New York City streets continue to have very high levels of crime. In 2020, for example, over 1,100 street segments in the city evidenced more than 39 crime reports. These data suggest that the argument that a city can disengage from policing when overall crime rates are low, belies the reality that hot spots of crime are likely to continue to be ‘hot’ during such periods.
Ascendant Public Opinion
Authors: Egan Patrick J , Konisky David M , Mullin Megan
Published: December 2021

Here we document an under-studied but important phenomenon that we call ascendant public opinion, which emerges when a new concern is framed as an instance of a broader issue and gains ascendancy over that issue in the public’s mind. We focus on the ever-increasing role climate change has come to play over the past three decades in shaping how Americans think about broader environmental concerns. We show that news coverage of the environment has focused increasingly on climate change over time, while climate change concurrently has come to dominate all other environmental problems in the strength of its association with general environmental concern in opinion surveys. Panel studies provide evidence that the growing correlation between attitudes on climate change and the environment is predominantly due to the impact of the former on the latter. These developments have been consequential: we estimate that Americans’ level of concern about the environment is now both more elevated and more polarized along party lines than if climate change did not occupy its dominant place on the environmental agenda. Climate change is likely just one example of how ascendant public opinion can have important consequences for politics and policy.
Predictors of interindividual differences in vulnerability to neurobehavioral consequences of chronic partial sleep restriction
Authors: Galli Olga , Jones Christopher W , Larson Olivia , Basner Mathias , Dinges David F
Published: December 2021

Interindividual differences in the neurobehavioral response to sleep loss are largely unexplained and phenotypic in nature. Numerous factors have been examined as predictors of differential response to sleep loss, but none have yielded a comprehensive view of the phenomenon. The present study examines the impact of baseline factors, habitual sleep–wake patterns, and homeostatic response to sleep loss on accrued deficits in psychomotor vigilance during chronic partial sleep restriction (SR), in a total of 306 healthy adults that participated in one of three independent laboratory studies. Findings indicate no significant impact of personality, academic intelligence, subjective reports of chronotype, sleepiness and fatigue, performance on working memory, and demographic factors such as sex, ethnicity, and body mass index, on neurobehavioral vulnerability to the negative effects of sleep loss. Only superior baseline performance on the psychomotor vigilance test and ability to sustain wakefulness on the maintenance of wakefulness test were associated with relative resilience to decrements in vigilant attention during SR. Interindividual differences in vulnerability to the effects of sleep loss were not accounted for by prior sleep history, habitual sleep patterns outside of the laboratory, baseline sleep architecture, or homeostatic sleep response during chronic partial SR. A recent theoretical model proposed that sleep–wake modulation may be influenced by competing internal and external demands which may promote wakefulness despite homeostatic and circadian signals for sleep under the right circumstances. Further research is warranted to examine the possibility of interindividual differences in the ability to prioritize external demands for wakefulness in the face of mounting pressure to sleep.
The Flapper of Ur: Archaeology and the Image of the Young Woman in Inter-war Britain
Authors: Maloigne Hélène
Published: December 2021

This article explores how inter-war ideas about the ‘flapper’ and the place of women in modern society interacted with archaeological discoveries. Looking at how the discovery of the Royal Cemetery of Ur in Iraq (excavated from 1922 to 1934) was reported in the British daily and weekly press demonstrates the popularity of archaeological reporting in inter-war newspapers and magazines and its influence on public debates. The article uses approaches from media history and gender studies to study textual as well as visual material such as cartoons, photographs and archaeological reconstructions created to bring readers the news from the past. It explores how archaeology informed contemporary stereotypes of young women as characteristically irrational and emotional and how his overlapped with similar traits perceived to be typical of the ‘Oriental’ races and lower-middle and working classes.
Protective efficacy of rutin against acrylamide-induced oxidative stress, biochemical alterations and histopathological lesions in rats
Authors: Uthra Chhavi , Reshi Mohd Salim , Jaswal Amita , Yadav Deepa , Shrivastava Sadhana , Sinha Neelu , Shukla Sangeeta
Published: December 2021

Acrylamide is a well-known neurotoxicant and carcinogen. Apart from industrial exposure, acrylamide is also found in different food products. The present study deals with in vivo experiment to test the protective effect of rutin against acrylamide induced toxicity in rats. The study was carried out on female rats with exposure of acrylamide at the dose of 38.27 mg/kg body weight, orally for 10 days followed by the therapy of rutin (05, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg orally), for three consecutive days. All animals were sacrificed after 24 h of last treatment and various biochemical parameters in blood and tissue were investigated. Histopathology of liver, kidney and brain was also done. On administration of acrylamide for 10 days, neurotoxicity was observed in terms of decreased acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress was observed in terms of increased lipid peroxidation, declined level of reduced glutathione, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in liver, kidney and brain. Acrylamide exposure increased the activities of serum transaminases, lipid profile, bilirubin, urea, uric acid and creatinine in serum indicating damage. Our experimental results conclude that rutin showed remarkable protection against oxidative DNA damage induced by acrylamide, which may be due to its antioxidant potential.
Nocturnal warming accelerates drought-induced seedling mortality of two evergreen tree species
Authors: Lu Ruiling , Du Ying , Sun Huanfa , Xu Xiaoni , Yan Liming , Xia Jianyang
Published: December 2021

Extreme drought is one of the key climatic drivers of tree mortality on a global scale. However, it remains unclear whether the drought-induced tree mortality will increase under nocturnal climate warming. Here we exposed seedlings of two wide-ranging subtropical tree species, Castanopsis sclerophylla and Schima superba, with contrasting stomatal regulation strategies to prolonged drought under ambient and elevated night-time temperature by 2 °C. We quantified the seedling survival time since drought treatment by measuring multiple leaf traits such as leaf gas exchange, predawn leaf water potential and water-use efficiency. The results showed that all seedlings in the ambient temperature died within 180 days and 167 days of drought for C. sclerophylla and S. superba, respectively. Night warming significantly shortened the survival time of C. sclerophylla, by 31 days, and S. superba by 28 days, under the drought treatment. A survival analysis further showed that seedlings under night warming suffered a 1.6 times greater mortality risk than those under ambient temperature. Further analyses revealed that night warming suppressed net leaf carbon gain in both species by increasing the nocturnal respiratory rate of S. superba across the first 120 days of drought and decreasing the photosynthetic rate of both species generally after 46 days of drought. These effects on net carbon gain were more pronounced in S. superba than C. sclerophylla. After 60 days of drought, night warming decreased the predawn leaf water potential and leaf water-use efficiency of C. sclerophylla but not S. superba. These contrasting responses are partially due to variations in stomatal control between the two species. These findings suggest that stomatal traits can regulate the response of leaf gas exchange and plant water-use to nocturnal warming during drought. This study indicates that nocturnal warming can accelerate tree mortality during drought. Night warming accelerates the mortality of two subtropical seedlings under drought.Night warming differently affects the drought response of leaf gas exchange and plant water-use between the two species due to species-specific stomatal morphological traits.Carbon metabolism changes and hydraulic damage play differential roles in driving night-warming impacts on the drought-induced mortality between the two species.
Veteran Competencies in Nursing Textbooks: Implications for Educators
Authors: Chargualaf Katie A. , Patterson Barbara , Elliott Brenda
Published: December 2021

AIM

The aim of this study was to examine the adequacy of military/veteran-related content in nursing textbooks used in prelicensure programs.

BACKGROUND

With increased numbers of veterans receiving care in civilian settings, nurses may lack essential knowledge, skills, and attitudes outlined in competencies required to provide culturally sensitive veteran-centered care. One explanation for this may be inadequate preparation during prelicensure nursing education.

METHOD

A quantitative, descriptive study guided the analysis and rating of 32 key words in 24 textbooks across eight content areas.

RESULTS

Key words were included in most textbooks but frequently not connected to military service or veterans. The key word with the highest mean rating was posttraumatic stress disorder; the highest rated content area was psychiatric/mental health.

CONCLUSION

With limited textbook resources, nurse faculty must engage in deliberate efforts to include veteran content in nursing curricula. As competency-based education trends evolve, these findings are relevant and should be considered in curricular design and revision.
Increasing the Number of Faculty With CNE® Certification: A Statewide Initiative
Authors: Daw Peggy , Seldomridge Lisa A. , Ford Kimberly , D’Aoust Rita
Published: December 2021

This article describes outcomes of a statewide initiative to increase the number of faculty with the National League for Nursing’s Certified Nurse Educator (CNE®) credential. After offering CNE preparation workshops and creating a certification award, data were collected on perceived workshop effectiveness, readiness to test, certification pass rates, and characteristics of award recipients. The number of certified faculty increased by 92.3 percent, representing 24 of 28 nursing programs. Maryland faculty were awarded $625,000 through the Academic Nurse Educator Certification award.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a multidisciplinary clinical practice approach—the institutional adaptation to existing Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Gluvic Zoran , Tomasevic Ratko , Bojovic Ksenija , Obradovic Milan , Isenovic Esma R.
Published: December 2021

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is among the most frequently encountered chronic liver diseases in everyday clinical practice. It is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Today, liver biopsy is still the gold standard for NAFLD confirmation and assessing NAFLD's possible progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of the high prevalence of NAFLD and potential associated risks of invasive diagnostic procedures, it is of great interest to recruit the patients for liver biopsy. However, as the presence of liver fibrosis determines the further clinical course, liver biopsy is expectedly reserved for those with increased fibrosis risk. The quality of liver biopsy recruitment and patient monitoring could be significantly improved by using non-invasive tools to assess liver fibrosis presence and interactive collaboration between general practitioners, gastroenterologists, and endocrinologists. As a result, the quality of liver biopsy recruitment and patients monitoring could be significantly improved. Here, we proposed clinical practice guidelines that could be implemented for everyday clinical practice in NAFLD patients.
Sulforaphane Effects on Cardiac Function and Calcium-Handling–Related Proteins in 2 Experimental Models of Heart Disease: Ischemia-Reperfusion and Infarction
Authors: Poletto Bonetto Jéssica Hellen , Luz de Castro Alexandre , Fernandes Rafael Oliveira , Corssac Giana Blume , Cordero Elvira Aparicio , Schenkel Paulo Cavalheiro , Sander da Rosa Araujo Alex , Belló-Klein Adriane
Published: December 2021

Sulforaphane (SFN) is a natural exogenous antioxidant from cruciferous vegetables already shown to improve cardiac function in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of SFN treatment on the cardiac function in 2 experimental models of heart disease, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and myocardial infarction (MI), and whether an improvement of the cardiac function could be associated with a modulation of calcium-handling proteins. The study was divided into 2 main experiments: experiment 1, ex vivo with the I/R model and experiment 2, in vivo with the MI model. In the I/R model, rats were divided into control and SFN (0.5 mg/kg/d intraperitoneally for 3 days) groups, and the hearts were submitted to global ischemia (20 minutes) followed by reperfusion (20 minutes) in a Langendorff apparatus. SFN did not change left ventricle systolic and diastolic pressures but increased the contractility and relaxation indexes after 20 minutes of reperfusion. These functional changes were accompanied by a decreased protein expression of ryanodine receptor (RyR) and increased expression of p-phospholamban/phospholamban ratio, without alteration in the sarco/endoplasmic calcium ATPase expression. In the MI model, rats were randomly divided into Sham, MI (MI induced by left coronary artery ligation), Sham + SFN (5 mg/kg/d intraperitoneally for 25 days), and MI + SFN groups. Although SFN did not affect cardiac function, it led to a decreased RyR protein expression and reactive oxygen species levels in the left ventricular of the MI + SFN group. These data indicate that SFN modulates calcium-handling proteins and, thus, cardiac inotropism/lusitropism especially when administered previously to an ischemic event.
Safety and Efficacy of Periprocedural Bridging With Cangrelor Versus Eptifibatide
Authors: Yun Allison N. , Toyoda Alex Y. , Solomon Edmond J. , Roberts Russel J. , Ji Christine S.
Published: December 2021

Patients with percutaneous coronary interventions undergoing procedures often require interruptions in their dual antiplatelet therapy. Periprocedural bridging is considered for patients at high thrombotic risk using intravenous cangrelor, a reversible P2Y12 inhibitor with a short half-life, or eptifibatide, a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, with a slightly longer half-life but less costly alternative. This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of cangrelor compared with eptifibatide when used in a periprocedural setting. The primary outcome of this retrospective cohort study was the incidence of bleeding events defined by the global use of strategies to open occluded coronary arteries criteria, and the secondary outcomes include the transfusion requirements, inpatient major cardiac adverse events, and cost savings per patient. A total of 75 patients were included who were bridged to procedures (cangrelor, n = 50; eptifibatide, n = 25). There were no significant differences in overall bleeding events defined by global use of strategies to open occluded coronary arteries criteria: mild bleeding [8% (n= 4) vs. 8% (n= 2); P = 0.68], moderate bleeding [28% (n = 14) vs. 48% (n = 12); P = 0.07), and severe bleeding [8% (n = 4) vs. 8% (n = 2); P = 0.25] between cangrelor and eptifibatide. The composite inpatient major cardiac adverse events were also similar between cangrelor and eptifibatide [10% (n = 10) vs. 8% (n = 8); P = 0.78]. The average cost savings per each cangrelor patient on the equivalent duration of eptifibatide was calculated out to be $5824 per patient. Cangrelor and eptifibatide were similar in terms of safety and efficacy when used as a bridge in patients with recent coronary stents, but considerable cost savings could be made if cangrelor was substituted for by eptifibatide in select patients. Further studies are needed to determine its applicability specifically in patients at high thrombotic and hemorrhagic risk.
Periprocedural Antithrombotic Treatment in Complex Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Vlachakis Panayotis K. , Varlamos Charalampos , Benetou Despoina-Rafailia , Kanakakis Ioannis , Alexopoulos Dimitrios
Published: December 2021

In recent years, the management of complex lesions in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) constitutes a field of high interest and concern for the interventional cardiology. As more and more studies demonstrate the increased hazard of ischemic events in this group of patients, it is of paramount importance for the physicians to choose the optimal periprocedural (pre-PCI, during-PCI and post-PCI) antithrombotic treatment strategies wisely. Evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of current anticoagulation recommendation, the possible beneficial role of the pretreatment with a potent P2Y12 inhibitor in the subgroup of patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction with complex lesions, and the impact of a more potent P2Y12 inhibitor in individuals with stable coronary artery disease undergoing complex PCI are needed. This will provide and serve as a guide to clinicians to deploy the maximum efficacy of the current choices of antithrombotic therapy, which will lead to an optimal balance between safety and efficacy in this demanding clinical scenario.
N-Tertaining a New Signaling Paradigm for the Cardiomyocyte β1-Adrenergic Receptor
Authors: Steinberg Susan F.
Published: December 2021

β1-adrenergic receptors (β1ARs) are the principle mediators of catecholamine actions in cardiomyocytes. β1ARs rapidly adjust cardiac output and provide short-term hemodynamic support for the failing heart by activating a Gs-adenylyl cyclase pathway that increases 3’-5’-cyclic adenosine monophosphate and leads to the activation of protein kinase A and the phosphorylation of substrates involved in excitation–contraction coupling. However, chronic persistent β1AR activation in the setting of heart failure leads to a spectrum of maladaptive changes that contribute to the evolution of heart failure. The molecular basis for β1AR-driven maladaptive responses remains uncertain because chronic persistent β1AR activation has been linked to the activation of both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic signaling pathways. Of note, studies to date have been predicated on the assumption that β1ARs signal exclusively as full-length receptor proteins. Our recent studies show that β1ARs are detected as both full-length and N-terminally truncated species in cardiomyocytes, that N-terminal cleavage is regulated by O-glycan modifications at specific sites on the β1AR N-terminus, and that N-terminally truncated β1ARs remain signaling competent, but their signaling properties differ from those of the full-length β1AR. The N-terminally truncated form of the β1AR constitutively activates the protein kinase B signaling pathway and confers protection against doxorubicin-dependent apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. These studies identify a novel signaling paradigm for the β1AR, implicating the N-terminus as a heretofore-unrecognized structural determinant of β1AR responsiveness that could be pharmacologically targeted for therapeutic advantage.