bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acetabular microfracture in hip arthroscopy: clinical outcomes with minimum 5-year follow-up
Authors: Domb Benjamin G , Rybalko Danil , Mu Brian , Litrenta Jody , Chen Austin W , Perets Itay
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

There is a paucity in the literature regarding mid-term results of microfracture in hip arthroscopy. We aim to assess 5-year outcomes of patients who underwent acetabular microfracture for full-thickness chondral lesions as a part of hip arthroscopy.

Methods:

Between August 2008 and September 2011, data were prospectively gathered for patients undergoing acetabular microfracture during hip arthroscopy with minimum 5-year follow-up. All patients were assessed pre- and postoperatively, with modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), Hip Outcome Score – Sports Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), and visual analog scale (VAS). International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12) and satisfaction were collected postoperatively. Exclusion criteria included previous hip conditions, or preoperative Tönnis grade ≥2.

Results:

Fifty three hips were eligible for this study. Of these, 43 (81.1%) hips in 42 patients had follow-up. The study group had a male majority (65.1%) and an average age of 44.4 ± 9.5 years. There was statistically significant improvement in all patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and VAS at follow-up. Patient satisfaction was 7.6 ± 2.6. A comparison of 2-year to minimum 5-year follow-up results identified no statistically significant deterioration in PROs, VAS, and patient satisfaction. Survivorship was 72.1% with 12 patients converted to total hip arthroplasty (THA). 4 patients (10.8%) underwent secondary arthroscopy.

Conclusions:

In the mid-term, microfracture as a part of hip arthroscopy demonstrated favourable outcomes and 72% survivorship. Careful patient selection is warranted to limit the risk of conversion to THA.
Tele-monitoring in paediatric and young home-ventilated neuromuscular patients: A multicentre case-control trial
Authors: Trucco Federica , Pedemonte Marina , Racca Fabrizio , Falsaperla Raffaele , Romano Catia , Wenzel Anette , D’Agostino Alessia , Pistorio Angela , Tacchetti Paola , Bella Cristina , Bruno Claudio , Minetti Carlo
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Tele-monitoring (TM) has proved effective in the home management of adult ventilator-dependent neuromuscular disease (NMD) patients. We aimed to evaluate a 2-year longitudinal multicentre TM trial designed for young ventilated NMD patients in terms of feasibility, home management of exacerbations and caregivers’ burden.

Methods

The TM trial protocol included patients’ weekly scheduled overnight home-recording of SpO2, heart rate and ventilation and their transmission to each TM centre the following morning. Overnight data were reviewed by non-physicians and calls to families made to assess clinical condition. If clinical conditions (assessed by a scoring system) or overnight parameters worsened, either unscheduled transmissions or calls were activated and managed by non-physicians or medical team according to severity. Hospitalisations were compared with those of TM patients prior to TM start and with those of age-disease-severity-matched controls. Scores from the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) questionnaire pre- and post-TM were compared.

Results

Forty-eight patients were enrolled, 30 males, median age 16.4 years (interquartile range (IQR) 8.9–22.1), median ventilation/day 10.5 h (IQR 8–16). Exacerbations in TM patients did not differ (59 versus 53; p = 0.15) from controls. Hospitalisations were significantly reduced in TM patients when compared with those prior to TM (11 versus 24, p = 0.04) and to controls (11 versus 21, p = 0.03). Median hospitalisation length was significantly lower in TM patients than controls (6 versus 7 days, p = 0.03 ). Caregivers satisfaction was excellent whereas no significant changes in CBI were seen (32.5 versus 35.5, p = 0.06).

Discussion

TM was effective in improving the home management of respiratory exacerbations in young ventilated NMD patients and overall well tolerated.
Cyclic tests on composite plate shear walls–concrete encased before and after fire exposure
Authors: Xie Qinghai , Xiao Jianzhuang , Xie Wengang , Gao Wanyang
Published: June 2018

Cyclic lateral loading tests were conducted on six composite plate shear walls–concrete encased and two conventionally reinforced concrete walls. The composite plate shear walls–concrete encased were constructed using high-performance concrete and different steel configurations with a same steel content ratio. These walls were divided into two batches. Three composite plate shear walls–concrete encased and one conventional wall were first exposed to the ISO 834 standard fire before the cyclic tests. To their comparison, the other four walls were only tested under the cyclic loading at room temperature. During the fire tests, the four walls experienced the spalling of concrete. The composite plate shear walls–concrete encased suffered more explosive spalling than the conventional wall. After the fire tests, all walls were tested under the cyclic loading. Based on the test results, analysis and discussions were made on the lateral load, lateral stiffness, and energy dissipation ability of walls. The difference was identified between the behavior of composite plate shear walls–concrete encased and that of conventional wall. Moreover, the influences of fire exposure were analyzed on seismic behavior of shear walls. Generally, the high temperatures reduce the yield, peak, and ultimate loads of walls and degrade the lateral stiffness. No significant difference can be found in energy dissipation ability between the heated and unheated walls before the drift ratio 1/120.
Calibrating the ‘right values’: the role of critical inquiry tasks in social studies textbooks
Authors: Myskow Gordon
Published: June 2018

The issue of how to represent a nation’s past in history textbooks has been the source of vigorous debate across a variety of educational contexts. Some textbooks have been criticized for their simplistic, nation-building stories and the meta-narrative of ‘progress’ they engender. While many contemporary textbooks include critical inquiry tasks for developing learners’ historical thinking skills, the extent to which they actually facilitate critical thinking is unclear. This article employs methods grounded in Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) for analyzing verbal and visual text to examine evaluative meaning in the core narrative and two critical inquiry tasks of a Canadian social studies textbook chapter. The findings show an uneasy coexistence between the aims of providing opportunities for critical engagement and communicating a cohesive story of the nation’s collective experiences. Rather than platforms for facilitating interpretive independence, the critical inquiry tasks appear to be spaces for drawing out or calibrating the ‘right values’ developed through the core narrative of the chapter.
Iconic situations: multimodality, witnessing and collective memory
Authors: Kohn Ayelet
Published: June 2018

This article deals with the multimodal components of televised situations that the author calls ‘iconic’ and that revolve around a dramatic announcement or declaration delivered on camera as part of a television broadcast. She argues that, in contemporary visual culture, iconic still photographs are gradually being replaced by iconic televised situations that become established as units of memory whose repeated airings and viewings ultimately gain an iconic status. Understanding this re-enactment has crucial importance in understanding the process by which the experience of the individual viewer or listener is interwoven with the narrative of the televised situation and in comprehending the role of witnessing. The article focuses on the spoken text, the roles of those who partake in the iconic situation and on the manner in which the fabric of verbal and visual elements helps to establish these situations as memorable. The author addresses three situations that were aired on Israeli television: the official announcement of the assassination of Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin, the announcement of the death of Israeli singer Arik Einstein and the video message delivered by the abducted Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit from his place of captivity in Gaza.
A New Adjustable Puncture Device for In Situ Fenestration During Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Wang Lixin , Zhou Xiushi , Guo Daqiao , Hou Kai , Shi Zhenyu , Tang Xiao , Fu Weiguo
Published: June 2018

Purpose: To describe a new adjustable puncture system for in situ fenestration in thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Technique: An adjustable puncture needle for use in conjunction with a steerable 8-F, 55-cm Fustar sheath is demonstrated in a 65-year-old man with acute complicated type B dissection involving the left subclavian artery (LSA). The puncture device features an inflatable balloon at the tip, a central lumen for 0.018-inch guidewires, and a 3-level puncture depth. After thoracic stent-graft deployment at zone 2, the needle/sheath combination was delivered from a left brachial artery access. The needle was adjusted perpendicular to the fabric of the stent-graft with the assistance of the steerable sheath. The balloon at the tip was inflated to center the needle, and the puncture depth was selected on the puncture needle system. Holding the sheath and puncture needle together, a hole was created in the graft fabric. The aperture was sequentially dilated to accommodate the mating stent selected to maintain perfusion to the LSA. This new device has been successfully applied in 6 patients treated with TEVAR for different arch pathologies. Conclusion: This new puncture device could assist in situ fenestration and improve the technical success rate.
Accurate Orientation of the t-Branch Off-the-Shelf Multibranched Endograft After Deployment in Urgent Cases
Authors: Spanos Konstantinos , Theodorakopoulou Myrto , Debus E. Sebastian , Rohlffs Fiona , Heidemann Franziska , Kölbel Tilo , Tsilimparis Nikolaos
Published: June 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the orientation of the standardized off-the-shelf multibranched t-Branch after implantation in urgent thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repairs, to characterize the impact of branch malorientation on procedural success, and to identify any predictive factors associated with malorientation. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 42 consecutive patients (mean age 73.3±7 years; 25 men) with urgent TAAA presentation treated with the t-Branch from January 2014 to June 2017. The primary objective was to quantify the preoperative clock position of the target vessels and determine any rotational deviation between the pre- and postoperative measurements and between the postoperative measurements and the standard branch configuration. Secondary outcomes were to identify factors influencing malorientation (>2 clock face hours) that could affect outcome. Results were compared for early (learning curve; n=18) vs late (n=24) experience and for adherence to (n=23) vs nonobservance of (n=19) the instructions for use (IFU). Results: Technical success was 93% (39/42). No significant difference in rotational deviation was identified between patients treated within the IFU vs outside the IFU. Seven (17%) patients had at least one target vessel maloriented after the procedure, which was not associated with total procedure time, fluoroscopy time, contrast volume, radiation dose, or adherence to the IFU. Female gender was associated with increased rotational deviation in postprocedure measurement for the celiac trunk (p=0.044) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA; p=0.006). Female gender was also associated with increased rotational deviation between the branch origin after deployment and the standard configuration of the t-Branch for every target vessel [celiac trunk (p=0.005), SMA (p=0.001), right renal artery (p=0.037), and left renal artery (p=0.003)]. Conclusion: The implantation of the t-Branch device in urgent cases achieved accurate apposition without rotational deviation between the target vessels and the position of the endograft branches. Gender may have an impact on orientation of the device. The t-Branch appears to have a “forgiving” nature for higher malorientation with no effect on procedure time, target vessel revascularization, or early branch patency.
The mem-inerter: A new mechanical element with memory
Authors: Zhang Xiao-liang , Gao Qiao , Nie Jiamei
Published: June 2018

A new two-terminal mechanical element named the mem-inerter described by a relation between integrated momentum and displacement is introduced as the memory counterpart of an inerter. It exhibits an individual “fingermark” featured by a pinched hysteresis loop located within the momentum-velocity plane. The mem-inerter is attached to a simple mass-spring-damper system. The system equipped with a mem-inerter is mathematically modeled, and its nonlinear vibration equation is derived. To ensure a fair performance comparison between the systems equipped with the mem-inerter and the inerter, the nonlinear mem-inerter with an appropriate helix pitch can be proved to be equivalent to the linear inerter with a fixed inertance by the fact that the systems have the same displacement transmissibility for forced response. Under such a premise, it is found that the system with the mem-inerter having positive initial displacement has better performance for free response than the system with the inerter. Furthermore, the application scenario that both systems are arranged on an inclined plane is taken as an example of the positive initial displacement. The example demonstrates that the system with the mem-inerter has significantly better transient performance than the system with the inerter.
A strong robust observer of distributed drive electric vehicle states based on strong tracking-iterative central difference Kalman filter algorithm
Authors: Geng Guoqing , Wei Binyuan , Duan Chen , Jiang Haobin , Hua Yiding
Published: June 2018

This article proposed a strong robust observer of distributed drive electric vehicle states, including yaw rate, sideslip angle, and longitudinal velocity. Based on strong tracking filter algorithm framework, the proposed observer realized a strong tracking-iterative central difference Kalman filter by introducing a time-varying fade factor into iterative central difference Kalman filter. The introducing of time-varying fade factor assigns approximate orthogonality to residual error, which improves robustness of the observer at mutation conditions. Calculation efficiency and accuracy are improved by applying central difference transformation to approach posterior mean and posterior co-variance. By correcting variance and co-variance with combination of states updating and Gauss–Newton iteration, the observer also achieves high estimation accuracy and convergence rate. Finally, the observer was simulated in vehicle dynamics simulator veDYNA at slalom test and double lane change test with high and low road friction coefficients, respectively. Simulation results have verified that the observer has higher estimation accuracy as well as robustness comparing to extended Kalman filter.
Double-blind trials in hyperbaric medicine: A narrative review on past experiences and considerations in designing sham hyperbaric treatment
Authors: Lansdorp Nina CA , van Hulst Rob A
Published: June 2018

Background

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which consists of breathing 100% oxygen under a higher atmospheric pressure than normal, is utilized worldwide in the treatment of several diseases. With the growing demand for evidence-based research, hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been criticized for delivering too little high-quality research, mainly in the form of randomized controlled trials. While not always indispensable, the addition of a sham-controlled group to such a trial can contribute to the quality of the research. However, the design of a sham (hyperbaric) treatment is associated with several considerations regarding adequate blinding and the use of pressure and oxygen. This narrative review discusses information on the sham profile and the blinding and safety of double-blind trials in hyperbaric medicine, irrespective of the indication for treatment.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL were searched for sham-controlled trials on hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The control treatment was considered sham if patients were blinded to their allocation and treatment took place in a hyperbaric chamber, with no restrictions regarding pressurization, oxygen levels or indication. Studies involving children or only one session of hyperbaric oxygen were excluded. Information on (the choice of) treatment profile, blinding measures, patient’s perception regarding allocation and safety issues was extracted from eligible studies.

Results

A total of 42 eligible trials were included. The main strategies for sham treatment were (1) use of a lower pressure than that of the hyperbaric oxygen group, while breathing 21% oxygen; (2) use of the same pressure as the hyperbaric oxygen group, while breathing an adjusted percentage of oxygen; and (3) use of the same pressure as the hyperbaric oxygen group, while breathing 21% oxygen. The advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are discussed using the information provided by the trials.

Conclusion

Based on this review, using a lower pressure than the hyperbaric oxygen group while breathing 21% oxygen best matches the inertness of the placebo. Although studies show that use of a lower pressure does allow adequate blinding, this is associated with more practical issues than with the other strategies. The choice of which sham profile to use requires careful consideration; moreover, to ensure proper performance, a clear and detailed protocol is also required.
The Ballad of Hicks Carmichael: Law, Music, and Popular Justice in Urban Appalachia
Authors: Mercer William Davenport
Published: June 2018

This article examines a rare folk ballad to revisit an 1888 Tennessee trial that newspapers referred to as the fastest in the country in which the death penalty was involved. If we look at this event using court records and newspapers, it tells a regrettably common story of a court under pressure from the populace skirting the protections of law. However, if we consider the trial as a performative endeavor, we can rightly consider other performative events, like folk songs, not as reflective of official events but as equivalents that help provide insight into the larger motives behind the court’s actions.
Different clinical outcomes in Crohn’s disease patients with esophagogastroduodenal, jejunal, and proximal ileal disease involvement: is L4 truly a single phenotype?
Authors: Mao Ren , Tang Rui-Han , Qiu Yun , Chen Bai-Li , Guo Jing , Zhang Sheng-Hong , Li Xue-Hua , Feng Rui , He Yao , Li Zi-Ping , Zeng Zhi-Rong , Eliakim Rami , Ben-Horin Shomron , Chen Min-Hu
Published: June 2018

Background:

The Montreal classification defines L4 Crohn’s disease (CD) as any disease location proximal to the terminal ileum, which anatomically includes L4-esophagogastroduodenal (EGD), L4-jejunal, and L4-proximal ileal involvement. L4-jejunal disease was established to be associated with poor prognosis. However, the outcome of patients with L4-proximal ileal disease or L4-EGD remains to be clarified. Our study aimed to investigate whether the outcome differs among CD patients with L4-EGD, L4-jejunal, and L4-proximal ileal disease.

Methods:

In our retrospective cohort study, 483 patients with confirmed CD were included. The primary outcome was intestinal surgery. Demographic features and outcomes were compared among L4-EGD, L4-jejunal, and L4-proximal ileal disease.

Results:

Thirty-nine (8.1%) patients had isolated L4 disease, whereas 146 patients had L4 as well as concomitant L1, L2, or L3 disease. During a median follow up of 5.8 years, L4 patients were more likely to have intestinal surgeries compared to non-L4 patients (31% versus 16%, p < 0.001). The percentage of L4-jejunal patients who underwent surgery was higher than that of L4-proximal ileal (66% versus 28%, p < 0.001), and both of these subtypes of L4 were at higher risk for intestinal resection compared to L4-EGD patients (66% and 28% versus 9%, respectively, p < 0.001 and p < 0.05). On multi-variable analysis, L4-jejunal (HR 3.08; 95% CI 1.30–7.31) and L4-proximal ileal disease (HR 1.83; 95% CI 1.07–3.15) were independent predictors for intestinal resection.

Conclusions:

L4 disease had worse prognosis compared to non-L4 disease. Within L4 disease, phenotype of L4-jejunal and L4-proximal ileal disease indicated higher risk for intestinal surgery. It might be justified to further characterize the L4 phenotype of the Montreal classification into three specific subgroups including L4-EGD, L4-jejunal, and L4-proximal ileal disease, similar to the Paris classification of pediatric patients.
Cultural and Western Influences on the Nutrition Transition in Thailand
Authors: Craven Katherine L. , Hawks Steven R.
Published: June 2018

The impact of economic development and urbanisation on nutrition and dietary changes in transitional countries has been well researched. It generally has been found that there is a positive correlation between economic development, urbanization, and negative nutrition transitions with the result of growing levels of obesity and diet related non-communicable diseases. However, the impact of Western influences and culture on specific eating styles associated with the nutrition transition has been less studied. There is limited information about cultural and Western influences on eating styles in Thailand. Recent findings suggest that Thailand may have progressed further along the nutrition transition model, in terms of unhealthy eating styles, than would be expected based on economic development. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of current eating styles and eating motivations among Thai university students. University students were chosen for evaluation as they are thought to represent the forefront of dietary trends and nutrition changes in a population. Convenience samples from four different universities in south-central and northern Thailand were selected. The following scales were used to assess eating and dieting styles and attitudes among 662 Thai undergraduate and graduate students: Motivation For Eating Scale (MFES), Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), and Cognitive Dieting Behavior Scale (CBDS). All scales have been shown to be reliable and valid in previous research. For this study, scales were translated into Thai, reverse translated, and pilot tested to ensure cultural relevancy and the conveyance of intended meanings. Basic demographic information was also obtained, including age, gender, year in school, marital status, height and weight, and income. Results indicated that Thai students exhibit significant levels of dieting behaviour and extrinsic eating based on CBDS and MFES scores (with the exception of environmental eating). For most negative eating styles, females scored higher than males. It was also found that high levels of dieting and extrinsic eating were positively correlated with body mass index, suggesting the possible risk of future weight gain and obesity. While the occurrence of eating disordered attitudes based on EAT-26 scores was low (13%), analysis of EAT-26 scores indicated that the occurrence of eating disordered attitudes was strongly correlated with dieting behaviour among this population. The results support the need for a programme to educate Thai students, especially females, regarding healthy patterns of dieting and eating attitudes in order to prevent future weight gains and eating disorders predicted by the nutrition transition model.
‘We don't want to Manage Poverty’: Community Groups Politicise Food Insecurity and Charitable Food Donations
Authors: Rock Melanie
Published: June 2018

Charitable assistance is a common response to food insecurity in many affluent countries. The coalition featured in this case study is explicitly concerned with social justice, mitigating the potential for charitable assistance to mask the extent of food insecurity, its root causes and its long-term consequences. The coalition structure has assisted community workers in transcending day-to-day routines, so as to reflect on the politics of food insecurity and institutionalised responses to this problem. Coalition members have defined food security as an objective whose achievement will entail comprehensive reform. One noteworthy outcome has been to recommend that member groups not redistribute a number of foodstuffs commonly donated by individuals and corporations. In grappling with a tension between responding to immediate needs for food and addressing the root causes of these needs, community workers have paid attention to public health.
Women's Health Resources: Facilitating a Community of Care for Midlife Women
Authors: Meadows Lynn M. , Thurston Wilfreda E. , Quantz Darryl , Bobey Mary
Published: June 2018

Since 1981 research has explored the role of women's health centres in providing health information and education to women in a non-traditional setting. These settings have been designed to provide more appropriate, and often more comprehensive, care by responding to the specific health issues and needs of women across the age continuum. The type of care and resources provided by these centres make a significant contribution to women's capacity for participation in decisions and action around their own health. This article examines the service delivery and perceived roles of one such centre, the Women's Health Resources (WHR) centre in Calgary, Canada. Data for this paper were extracted from WHR evaluation forms for 199 midlife women seeking individual consultation, as well as personal interviews that were conducted with four female staff members. Clients of the WHR cited numerous reasons for seeking service at the centre, the most common being for emotional health care, nutritional consultation or more comprehensive information on a specific illness. Three major components of service provision at the centre were identified: information, psychological care and complementarity of services. Women used the information they gained from WHR services to aid in health decision-making and as a resource for empowerment in being partners in their own health. Clients noted that the WHR was a valuable source of additional information beyond what their own family physician and/or specialist were able to provide. The feminist and woman-centred care at WHR, in conjunction with the emphasis on education, offers an invaluable source of information and services for women. Through the shared experiences of both the clients and staff of this centre, this article provides an outline of how such services are perceived and utilized.
Application of the PRECEDE Model for Controlling Iron-deficiency Anemia among Children Aged 1-5, Kerman, Iran
Authors: Hazavehei Seyyed M. Mehdi , Jalili Zahra , Heydarnia Ali Reza , Faghihzadeh Soqrat
Published: June 2018

Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common nutritional problems in the world. In the Islamic Republic (IR) of Iran, about 30 to 50 percent of women and children have IDA. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of applying the PRECEDE educational model as a framework for controlling IDA among children aged one to five years old. One hundred and sixty children, aged one to five years, who were diagnosed as belonging to one of the unhealthy three stages of IDA, along with their mothers, participated in the study. The study subjects were divided randomly into four groups: I) Traditional educational, II) Iron supplementation, III)PRECEDE Model, and, IV)a control group who received the usual health center care. Data collection included use of questionnaires, observation (physical examination) and interviews, and pre-and post-tests (the former was conducted four months prior to the intervention). The research results demonstrated that mean scores of the knowledge and attitudes of mothers about controlling IDA were increased significantly in Group I and Group III, but, the changes in Group III were greater than in the other groups. A comparison of IDA stages in the three groups indicated that the rate of recovery was significantly different (p<0.0001). Group differences were: Group I 40.5%, Group II 50%, and Group III 82.5%; Group III had the highest changes. Therefore, the PRECEDE Model education program was more effective in modifying nutritional behaviors of mothers in order to control the IDA of their children.
A Role for Workforce Competencies in Evidence-Based Health Promotion Education
Authors: Talbot Lyn , Graham Melissa , James Erica L.
Published: June 2018

Education programs should be based on research about the knowledge and skills required for practice, rather than on intuition or tradition, but there is limited published curriculum research on health promotion education. This paper describes a case study of how workforce competencies have been used to assist evidence-based health promotion education in the areas of curriculum design, selection of assessment tasks and continuous quality assurance processes in an undergraduate program at an Australian university. A curriculum-competency mapping process successfully identified gaps and areas of overlap in an existing program. Previously published health promotion workforce competencies were effectively used in the process of selecting assessment items, providing clear guidelines for curriculum revision and a useful method to objectively assess competency content in an evidence informed framework. These health promotion workforce competencies constituted an additional tool to assess course quality. We recommend other tertiary institutions consider curriculum-competency mapping and curriculum based assessment selection as quality and evidence based curriculum review strategies.
Littératie de la Santé et éducation Pour la santé: Que Signifient ces Termes Dans le Milieu Francophone?
Authors: Masinda Mambo Tau
Published: June 2018

L'objectif de cette étude exploratoire est de présenter les caractéristiques des définitions de termes littératie de la santé et éducation pour la santé, espérant ainsi contribuer à développer une sémantique commune pour pouvoir échanger nos connaissances avec moins de confusion. La méthode a consisté à identifier des documents dans des banques de données francophones en utilisant les mots clés suivants: littératie, éducation et alphabétisation en combinaison avec le mot santé. La seconde phase a consisté à lire attentivement les titres des 126 articles trouvés dans les bases de données francophones et sur Internet. La troisième étape a consisté à lire 14 documents qui traitaient d'une manière plus précise de la relation entre littératie/éducation et la santé dans le but de définir un de ces termes et d'identifier ensuite leurs caractéristiques. Les résultats montrent que les auteurs francophones nord américains utilisent de façon interchangeable les termes littératie en matière de santé et éducation pour la santé avec la même signification alors que les auteurs européens n'utilisent que le terme éducation pour la santé. Cependant, les deux concepts signifient la même chose des deux côtés de l'Atlantique dans la mesure où les caractéristiques des définitions et les résultats escomptés sont les mêmes. En conclusion, l'étude suggère qu'il faut un débat théorique de fond sur ces concepts dans le milieu francophone et une attention particulière devrait être portée sur le niveau communautaire de la littératie en matière de santé plutôt qu'au niveau individuel.
The Degree of Planning: An Indicator of the Potential Success of Health Education Programs
Authors: Godin Gaston , Gagnon Hélène , Alary Michel , Levy Joseph J. , Otis Joanne
Published: June 2018

Evaluation is a major challenge in the field of health promotion and health education. Since the degree to which a project is planned often guarantees its potential success, the evaluation process should make it possible to answer different questions related to stages of project implementation. The goal of this study was to develop a planning tool to help health professionals and community workers judge the potential success of health education interventions based on the extent to which they are planned and to test the tool in real intervention evaluations. Educational interventions examined in this study were targeted primarily at the promotion and adoption of behaviour reducing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. The conceptual framework of “intervention mapping” served as the basis for developing the tool. Experts were consulted to identify criteria that would make it possible to evaluate the extent to which different stages of the model were accomplished. The tool was tested for reliability. Data from 123 projects were then collected and analyzed. The process for the development of the tool made it possible to identify 40 planning criteria, broken down into the 19 tasks of intervention mapping model. Reliability test results were highly satisfactory. The overall average score for project planning was 12.7 out of 40. The degree to which different stages were planned varied considerably. For example, only 15% of projects had developed their objective matrices properly, whereas 80% were assured proper support for their implementation. Thirty-nine percent of the projects were satisfactorily available for evaluation. This exercise made it possible to construct an interesting tool for identifying strengths and weaknesses of intervention planning. Various promoters might find this tool useful for increasing the potential success of their initiatives.
Changing Cultures: Enhancing Mental Health and Wellbeing of Refugee Young People through Education and Training
Authors: Bond Lyndal , Giddens Anne , Cosentino Anne , Cook Margaret , Hoban Paul , Haynes Ann , Scaffidi Louise , Dimovski Mary , Cini Eileen , Glover Sara
Published: June 2018

Many refugee people and others entering Australia under the Humanitarian Program, have experienced extremely stressful and disrupted lives prior to arrival. A major difficulty experienced by a significant number of refugee young people is their lack of formal education before arrival. It directly affects their ability to start connecting to their new society and constructing a new life. The level of ease with which young people can move into the education and training system and begin to establish a meaningful career pathway has a huge impact on their successful settlement and stable mental health. This paper describes the Changing Cultures Project, a three-year project, which explored models of appropriate and accessible education and training for refugee and newly arrived young people that would enhance their mental health. The Changing Cultures Project was a partnership between the education, health and settlement sectors. This paper describes the program and system response to the health, settlement, education and vocational issues facing refugee young people using a mental health promotion framework and reflective practice. We discuss how the refugee youth programs met a broad range of needs as well as providing language, literacy and basic education to newly arrived young people. While working in an environment of changing policy and public opinion regarding refugee issues, the Project delivered successful outcomes at the program and organisational levels for refugee young people by addressing issues of program development and delivery, organisational development and capacity building and community development and evaluation.
Precision diagnostics of Ewing’s sarcoma by liquid biopsy: circulating EWS-FLI1 fusion transcripts
Authors: Allegretti Matteo , Casini Beatrice , Mandoj Chiara , Benini Stefania , Alberti Laurent , Novello Mariangela , Melucci Elisa , Conti Laura , Covello Renato , Pescarmona Edoardo , Milano Giuseppe Maria , Annovazzi Alessio , Anelli Vincenzo , Ferraresi Virginia , Biagini Roberto , Giacomini Patrizio
Published: June 2018

Background:

Limited information is available on the applicative value of liquid biopsy (LB) in rare tumors, including Ewing’s sarcoma (ES). The accepted precision diagnostics standards would greatly benefit from a non-invasive LB test monitoring pathognomonic gene rearrangements in the bloodstream.

Methods:

Tissue and blood samples were collected from six and four ES patients, respectively. Plasma was cleared by two successive rounds of centrifugation and stored frozen until RNA extraction by the QIAmp CNA kit. RNA was retro-transcribed and subjected to real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR). Reactions were set up using two custom primer sets identifying types 1 and 2 EWS-FLI1 fusion transcripts.

Results:

The two prevalent types of EWS-FLI1 rearrangements could be identified using only two sets of polymerase chain reaction primers, regardless of patient-specific EWS-FLI1 DNA breakpoints. RT-qPCR and dPCR discriminated the two variants in five tumor tissue RNAs and in four circulating tumor RNAs (ctRNAs). Of note, EWS-FLI1 molecular diagnosis was possible using blood samples even when tumor tissue was not available. ctRNA levels correlated ( p < 0.05) with volume-based positron emission tomography (PET) parameters (metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis), and allowed the fine tracking of disease course after surgery, during adjuvant as well as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and at follow up in one patient.

Conclusions:

To our knowledge, this is one of the few single-marker LB assays in solid tumors specifically designed to detect rearranged RNAs in blood, and the first study describing EWS circulating tumor RNAs in ES patients. Altogether, our results support the idea that LB may have a considerable impact on ES patient monitoring and management.
The Infinity Total Ankle System: Early Clinical Results With 2- to 4-Year Follow-up
Authors: Penner Murray , Davis W. Hodges , Wing Kevin , Bemenderfer Thomas , Waly Feras , Anderson Robert B.
Published: June 2018

Aims. This study presents the first report of clinical and radiographic outcomes of the Infinity Total Ankle System (Wright Medical, Memphis, TN) with minimum 2-year follow-up. Patients and Methods. The first 67 consecutive patients who underwent primary total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) with the Infinity system at 2 North American sites between August 2013 and May 2015 were reviewed in a prospective, observational study. Demographic, radiographic, and functional outcome data were collected preoperatively, at 6 to 12 months postoperatively, and annually thereafter. Results. The overall implant survival rate was 97% (65 of 67 implants) at a mean follow-up of 35.4 months (27 to 47 months). Two cases underwent talar component revision for aseptic loosening. Six of the 67 cases (9%) required a nonrevision reoperation. Mean Foot Function Index and Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale scores at latest follow-up improved from preoperative by 21.6 ( P < .0001) and 34.0 ( P < .0001), respectively. No radiographic loosening of any talar or tibial components was identified in the 65 nonrevised cases. Conclusion. Early clinical and radiographic outcomes with the Infinity TAA are promising and compare favorably to those reported for both fixed- and mobile-bearing third-generation TAA designs, even when used in cases with deformity and increased case complexity.

Levels of Evidence: Level IV
Did Your Evidence-Base Program Work? Share the News! CLUES #5/6: Assess and Alert
Authors: Yonkaitis Catherine F. , Maughan Erin D.
Published: June 2018

The work of the school nurse does not end with the institution of an evidence-based intervention. The steps of EBP tell us that we must “Assess” the effectiveness of an intervention to determine if it is having the desired effect. When we find success in our EBP changes we must come full circle and share or “Alert” stakeholders and other school nurses by disseminating our work. School nurses can share their success through written and oral presentations to insure that we add to our collective school nursing knowledge.
Technical notes on the endoscopic endonasal approach to the craniovertebral junction for odontoidectomy
Authors: Tang Dennis , Roxbury Christopher , D'Anza Brian , Kshettry Varun , Woodard Troy , Recinos Pablo , Sindwani Raj
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

Odontoidectomy can help decompress ventral compression of the brainstem and upper cervical spinal cord in the presence of bony abnormalities of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ), e.g., an odontoid pannus. Endonasal approaches have been shown to be associated with lower morbidity compared with traditional transoral approaches. We demonstrated an entirely endonasal approach to the CVJ.

Materials and Methods:

We presented our technique for performing an endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy.

Results:

The patient underwent an open posterior cervical spinal fusion to stabilize the CVJ due to destabilization that occurs with odontoidectomy either as part of a single procedure or in a staged manner, depending on the surgeon's preference. By using a two-surgeon, multihanded technique in collaboration with neurosurgery, the anterior CVJ was safely approached endoscopically through the nasopharynx. A midline incision was created and the soft tissue was lateralized widely. The first cervical vertebra (C1) arch was removed with a drill exposing the odontoid process and any associated pannus, which were then resected. Because this approach was entirely extradural, no reconstruction was necessary. Closure was accomplished by placing absorbable packing material in the defect and medializing the nasopharyngeal tissues.

Conclusion:

Endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy offers excellent exposure and less morbidity than traditional transoral approaches. This technique should be considered in appropriately selected patients.
Novel Radiographic Assessment of the Cribriform Plate
Authors: Ganjaei Kimia G. , Soler Zachary M. , Mappus Elliott D. , Taylor Robert J. , Worley Mitchell L. , Mulligan Jennifer K. , Mattos Jose L. , Rowan Nicholas R. , Garcia Guilherme J. M. , Dubno Judy R. , Eckert Mark A. , Matthews Lois J. , Schlosser Rodney J.
Published: June 2018

Background

The cribriform plate (CP) is a common site of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (SCSF) leaks. Radiographic assessment of the anterior and lateral skull base has shown thinner bone in patients with SCSFs; however, prior assessment of the CP has required postmortem cadaver dissection.

Objective

To develop novel radiographic techniques to assess the anatomy of the CP.

Methods

Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed on cadaveric specimens. Bone density and anatomy of a predefined volume of interest of the posterior CP were assessed by two independent reviewers. CT assessment of olfactory foramina was also performed and validated using anatomic dissection of cadaver specimens.

Results

Interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for measuring the same volume of each CP was 0.96, confirming reproducible anatomic localization. Cadaver CPs had a mean Hounsfield units of 263, indicating a mix of bone and soft tissue, and ICC was 0.98, confirming reproducible radiographic measurements. Optimal CT estimates of bone composition of CPs averaged 85% (range 76% to 96%) compared to actual anatomic dissection which averaged 84% bone (range 74% to 91%, r = .690, P = .026).

Conclusion

Our novel, noninvasive CT method for assessing CP anatomy is reproducible and correlates with anatomic dissection assessing bone composition. The clinical implications of anatomic changes in the CP are an area for further study.
Long-term Clinical Outcomes of Aspirin Desensitization With Continuous Daily Aspirin Therapy in Aspirin-exacerbated Respiratory Disease
Authors: Walters Kristen M. , Waldram Jeremy D. , Woessner Katharine M. , White Andrew A.
Published: June 2018

Background

Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), also known as Samter’s triad or aspirin (ASA)-intolerant asthma, affects 7% of asthmatics and has a higher prevalence in those with chronic rhinosinusitis and concomitant nasal polyposis. ASA desensitization with daily ASA therapy is a uniquely beneficial treatment for this disease entity and has been shown to have a significant impact on symptom scores, polyp disease, and need for systemic corticosteroids. However, no long-term studies have demonstrated whether or not ASA therapy remains safe and beneficial for these patients beyond 5–10 years.

Objective

This study was designed to determine the clinical course of AERD patients desensitized between 1995 and 2010.

Methods

A 20-question survey was distributed to patients who successfully completed ASA desensitization between January 1995 and April 2010. The questions were designed to assess ASA safety and longitudinal effects of ASA therapy in AERD.

Results

Of the 285 patients contacted, 92 (32%) completed the questionnaire. Average length of follow-up was 15 years. Of survey responders, 35 patients had discontinued ASA therapy. Although adverse reactions occurred, many also discontinued due to lack of efficacy or need for surgery. For those remaining on ASA (62%), significant improvement in sense of smell, asthma, sinus, and allergic rhinitis scores were noted ( P ≤ .001). The majority of ASA patients (68%) had a positive response to treatment and did not require further sinus surgery. However, ASA therapy did not delay the time to next sinus/polyp surgery ( P = .27) or reduce total number of sinus surgeries ( P = .56) compared to those who stopped treatment. Nearly 85% of AERD patients on ASA therapy found it to be helpful in improving airway disease and quality of life.

Conclusion

Aspirin desensitization followed by daily maintenance ASA therapy appears to be safe and effective even after 10+ years of continuous use.
Thalamus volume change and cognitive impairment in early relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Rojas Juan I , Murphy Georgina , Sanchez Francisco , Patrucco Liliana , Fernandez Maria C , Miguez Jimena , Funes Jorge , Golimstok Angel , Cristiano Edgardo
Published: June 2018

Aims

The objective of the study was to assess whether changes in the volume of the thalamus during the onset of multiple sclerosis predict cognitive impairment after accounting for the effects of brain volume loss.

Methods

A prospective study included patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis less than 3 years after disease onset (defined as the first demyelinating symptom), Expanded Disability Status Scale of 3 or less, no history of cognitive impairment and at least 2 years of follow-up. Patients were clinically followed up with annual brain magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological evaluations for 2 years. Measures of memory, information processing speed and executive function were evaluated at baseline and follow-up with a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. After 2 years, the patients were classified into two groups, one with and the other without cognitive impairment. Brain dual-echo, high-resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired at baseline and every 12 months for 2 years. Between-group differences in thalamus volume, total and neocortical grey matter and white matter volumes were assessed using FIRST, SIENA, SIENAXr, FIRST software (logistic regression analysis P < 0.05 significant).

Results

Sixty-one patients, mean age 38.4 years, 35 (57%) women were included. At 2 years of follow-up, 17 (28%) had cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment patients exhibited significantly slower information processing speed and attentional deficits compared with patients without cognitive impairment ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively). In the cognitive impairment group a significant reduction in the percentage of thalamus volume ( P < 0.001) was observed compared with the group without cognitive impairment.

Conclusion

We observed a significant decrease in thalamus volume in multiple sclerosis-related cognitive impairment.