bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stop-motion Animation
Authors: Purves Barry J. C.
Published: October 2018

Stop-motion Animation explores how all the elements of film-making – camera work, design, colour, lighting, editing, music and storytelling – come together in this unique art form. With tips and suggestions to help you get the most out of your films, and with examples from some of the masters of the craft, Barry Purves shows how to make the most of the movement, characters and stories that typify stop-motion.

With dozens of beautiful new examples from around the world, this new edition includes a project in each chapter, with pointers on finding a story and characters, developing a script and storyboard, constructing puppets and dealing with the practicalities of film-making. These projects combine to lead you through the creation of your first one-minute stop-motion animation.
Perspectives on Place
Authors: Alexander J.A.P.
Published: October 2018

Perspectives on Place navigates the rich and diverse history of landscape photography and looks critically at how contemporary photographers continue to find new and innovative ways of engaging with the landscape and their surroundings.

Perspectives on Place explores how particular visual approaches have been adopted by photographers and artists to facilitate the communication of ideas and themes, as well as more abstract concepts. Practical issues, such as effective composition and managing challenging lighting conditions are also discussed.

Featuring examples from Fay Godwin, Paul Fusco, Keith Arnatt, Mark Power, Michael Wolf and many more, this book will help you to improve the visual qualities of your landscape images as well as develop your understanding of how to represent the landscape more meaningfully.

Five practical exercises are included in the book, with accompanying discussion questions that relate to the tasks.
Making Photographs
Authors: Simmons Mike
Published: October 2018

Highlighting the distinction between ‘making,’ rather than ‘taking’ photographs, Making Photographs introduces a structured way of developing creative solutions to the work you want to make, fusing personal ideas with knowledge, compositional elements and practical skills.

Simmons explores a range of photographic practices, including portraiture, landscape, still life and abstract, and discusses techniques such as directorial photography, photomontage and camera-less photography.

With practical exercises and additional reading suggested in each chapter, Making Photographs encourages you to tackle the challenges of the creative process on your own terms, enabling you to make informed choices about your development as a photographer.
Animation in Context
Authors: Collington Mark
Published: October 2018

Animation in Context is an illustrated introduction to cultural theory, contextual research and critical analysis. By making academic language more accessible, it empowers animators with the confidence and enthusiasm to engage with theory as a fun, integral, and applied part of the creative process.

Interviews with contemporary industry professionals and academics, student case studies and a range of practical research exercises, combine to encourage a more versatile approach to animation practice - from creating storyboards to set designs and soundtracks; as well as developing virals, 3D zoetropes and projection mapping visuals.

Mark Collington focuses on a core selection of theoretical approaches that shape animation narrative, supported by a broader set of shared theoretical principles from the worlds of art, design, film and media studies. This discussion is underpinned by cross-disciplinary thinking on a range of topics including genre, humour, montage and propaganda.

These are applied to the analysis of a range of animated films and projects from Disney and Animé, to independent artist-filmmakers such as Wendy Tilby, Amanda Forbis and Jerzy Kucia. These ideas are also applied to other uses of animation such as advertising, sitcom, gaming and animated documentary.
The Moving Image Workshop
Authors: Freeman Heather D.
Published: October 2018

If you need a fun, hands-on introduction to core animation techniques - then look no further! Heather Freeman guides you through a wide range of practical projects, helping you establish and build skills in narrative animation, motion graphics and visual effects.

Each chapter begins by summarizing historical and theoretical concerns and connecting them with current practice and applications - all beautifully illustrated with stills from classic commercial and independent films, as well as contemporary examples from student work. Having established this context, the remainder of the chapter focuses on walking readers through their own creative projects.

Topics covered include early animation technologies and techniques, scenes and staging, character animation, animated type, visual effects and motion graphics, pre- through post-production and experimental approaches to motion graphics.

Dozens of sample files are available online, for experimentation and to get readers started on each exercise. The companion website also includes example animations as well as links to recommended software tutorials, recommended artist websites, blogs and animation channels.
Thinking Visually for Illustrators
Authors: Wigan Mark
Published: October 2018

Basics Illustration: Thinking Visually by Mark Wigan features a wide range of work, demonstrating diverse visual languages, context, ideas, techniques and skills. It also looks at the ways in which illustrators develop their own personal visual language. Contemporary illustrators from all over the world engaged in a diverse range of approaches to the discipline have contributed their artwork and commentaries on visual thinking and the working process. The text also features the work of recent graduates, present students and observations from educators past and present. This edition has been updated to include a new chapter on illustration for the digital context and new approaches to working. A host of contributors will also be supplying new work, broadening the international scope of the book.
Visible Signs
Authors: Crow David
Published: October 2018

Visible Signs: An Introduction to Semiotics in the Visual Arts (second edition) is an update to the popular first edition, which introduces design students and practitioners to the fundamentals of semiotics.

Basic semiotic theories are taught in most art schools as part of a contextual studies program, but many students find it difficult to understand how these ideas might impact on their own practice. This book explains semiotic terms and theories in relation to visual communication, with illustrative examples taken from contemporary art and design.

Concepts such as signs and signifiers, language and speech are explored within the framework of graphic design and fine art.
The Fashion Image
Authors: Werner Thomas
Published: October 2018

Great fashion photography, at its best, reflects and shapes the era in which it is made. Whether you are a student, aspiring photographer, or working professional, building a fashion portfolio that aspires to this standard can be daunting. The Fashion Image will help you develop your style through practical advice for image makers.

Beginning with a history of fashion photography, Thomas Werner offers advice on assembling your creative team, casting models, developing shoot concepts, and producing photographs and fashion film for editorial and advertising. Professional practice, including self-promotion, social media, set etiquette, and fashion in a global context are also discussed. This is ‘how to’ at the highest level, with interviews from working fashion photographers, magazine editors, producers, fashion designers, and more, with around 200 color photographs that illustrate the fashion image at its best.

With an extensive list of international resources, including Instagram accounts and several assignments, this book is an essential guide for fashion photographers and film makers.
Illustration
Authors: Male Alan
Published: October 2018

Illustration: A Theoretical and Contextual Perspective is a comprehensive guide to contemporary illustration. It provides readers with an understanding of the theory, research, conceptual processing and contexts involved in illustration practice.

This book describes a variety of definitions and philosophies of illustration, together with a relevant historical overview.

Illustration introduces the notion of the illustrator as a socially and culturally aware communicator: an able professional with knowledge, understanding and insight regarding the context within which they are working and the subject matter that they are engaged with.
Basics Creative Photography 01: Design Principles
Authors: Webb Jeremy
Published: October 2018

Basics Creative Photography 01: Design Principles introduces photographers to a more considered approach that can add dynamism and impact to imagery, whatever the style or genre – something that today's editors, curators and publishers are all crying out for.

In an age over-saturated with photographic imagery, this book demonstrates how design awareness can add a new level of depth to your images.

Featured topics: basic design theory; the use of space; positional decisions; the elements of design; line; shape or form; space; texture; light; colour; pattern; rhythm; contrast; scale and proportion; abstraction; movement and flow; containment; emphasis and emotion; juxtaposition; incongruity; mood and emotion

Featured artists: Aleksandr Rodchenko; Angus Fraser; Angus McBean; Ansen Seale; Constantine Manos; Ernst Haas; Henri Cartier-Bresson; Libby Double-King; Martine Franck; Naoya Hatakeyama; Olivia Parker; Pascal Renoux; Steve Hart
Global analysis of continental boundary layer new particle formation based on long-term measurements
Authors: Nieminen Tuomo , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Petäjä Tuukka , Aalto Pasi P. , Arshinov Mikhail , Asmi Eija , Baltensperger Urs , Beddows David C. S. , Beukes Johan Paul , Collins Don , Ding Aijun , Harrison Roy M. , Henzing Bas , Hooda Rakesh , Hu Min , Hõrrak Urmas , Kivekäs Niku , Komsaare Kaupo , Krejci Radovan , Kristensson Adam , Laakso Lauri , Laaksonen Ari , Leaitch W. Richard , Lihavainen Heikki , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos , Németh Zoltán , Nie Wei , O'Dowd Colin , Salma Imre , Sellegri Karine , Svenningsson Birgitta , Swietlicki Erik , Tunved Peter , Ulevicius Vidmantas , Vakkari Ville , Vana Marko , Wiedensohler Alfred , Wu Zhijun , Virtanen Annele , Kulmala Markku
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is an important phenomenon in terms of global particle number concentrations. Here we investigated the frequency of NPF, formation rates of 10 nm particles, and growth rates in the size range of 10–25 nm using at least 1 year of aerosol number size-distribution observations at 36 different locations around the world. The majority of these measurement sites are in the Northern Hemisphere. We found that the NPF frequency has a strong seasonal variability. At the measurement sites analyzed in this study, NPF occurs most frequently in March–May (on about 30 % of the days) and least frequently in December–February (about 10 % of the days). The median formation rate of 10 nm particles varies by about 3 orders of magnitude (0.01–10 cm−3 s−1) and the growth rate by about an order of magnitude (1–10 nm h−1). The smallest values of both formation and growth rates were observed at polar sites and the largest ones in urban environments or anthropogenically influenced rural sites. The correlation between the NPF event frequency and the particle formation and growth rate was at best moderate among the different measurement sites, as well as among the sites belonging to a certain environmental regime. For a better understanding of atmospheric NPF and its regional importance, we would need more observational data from different urban areas in practically all parts of the world, from additional remote and rural locations in North America, Asia, and most of the Southern Hemisphere (especially Australia), from polar areas, and from at least a few locations over the oceans.
Discrete k-nearest neighbor resampling for simulating multisite precipitation occurrence and adaption to climate change
Authors: Lee Taesam , Singh Vijay P.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Stochastic weather simulation models are commonly employed in water resources management and agricultural applications. The data simulated by these models, such as precipitation, temperature, and wind, are used as input for hydrological and agricultural models. Stochastic simulation of multisite precipitation occurrence is a challenge because of its intermittent characteristics as well as spatial and temporal cross-correlation. Employing a nonparametric technique, k-nearest neighbor resampling (KNNR), and coupling it with Genetic Algorithm (GA), this study proposes a novel simulation method for multisite precipitation occurrence. The proposed discrete version of KNNR (DKNNR) model is compared with an existing parametric model, called multisite occurrence model with standard normal variate (MONR). The datasets simulated from both the DKNNR model and the MONR model are tested using a number of statistics, such as occurrence and transition probabilities as well as temporal and spatial cross-correlations. Results show that the proposed DKNNR model can be a good alternative for simulating multisite precipitation occurrence. We also tested the model capability to adapt climate change. It is shown that the model is capable but further improvement is required to have specific variations of the occurrence probability due to climate change. Combining with the generated occurrence, the multisite precipitation amount can then be simulated by any multisite amount model.
A customized stand-alone photometric Raman sensor applicable in explosive atmospheres: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Nachtmann Marcel , Keck Shaun Paul , Braun Frank , Eckhardt Hanns Simon , Mattolat Christoph , Gretz Norbert , Scholl Stephan , Rädle Matthias
Published: October 2018

Abstract. This paper presents an explosion-proof two-channel Raman photometer designed
for chemical process monitoring in hazardous explosive atmospheres. Due to
its design, alignment of components is simplified and economic in comparison
to spectrometer systems. Raman spectrometers have the potential of becoming
an increasingly important tool in process analysis technologies as part of
molecular-specific concentration monitoring. However, in addition to the
required laser power, which restricts use in potentially explosive
atmospheres, the financial hurdle is also high. Within the scope of a proof
of concept, it is shown that photometric measurements of Raman scattering are
possible. The use of highly sensitive detectors allows the required
excitation power to be reduced to levels compliant for operation in
potentially explosive atmospheres. The addition of an embedded platform
enables stable use as a self-sufficient sensor, since it carries out all
calculations internally. Multi-pixel photon counters (MPPCs) with large detection areas of 1350 µm2 are implemented as detectors. As a result, the sensitivity of the
sensor is strongly increased. This gain in sensitivity is primarily achieved
through two characteristics: first, the operating principle “avalanche
breakdown” to detect single photons is used; second, the size of the image
projected onto the MPPC is much bigger than the pixel area in competing
Raman-Spectrometers resulting in higher photon flux. This combination
enables reduction of the required excitation power to levels compliant for
operation in potentially explosive atmospheres. All presented experiments
are performed with strongly attenuated laser power of 35 mW. These include
the monitoring of the analytes ethanol and hydrogen peroxide as well as the
reversible binding of CO2 to amine. Accordingly, the described embedded
sensor is ideally suited as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool for
applications in environments with limitations on power input.
To år bagud. En kritisk analyse og diskussion af sprogforståelsen i forsknings- og udviklingsprogrammet ”Fremtidens Dagtilbud
Authors: Holm Lars , Ahrenkiel Annegrethe
Published: October 2018

Med udgangspunkt i den øgede opmærksomhed på børns sproglige udvikling i daginstitutioner i de nordiske lande sætter denne artikel fokus på sprogforståelsen i et omfattende dansk forsknings- og udviklingsprojekt ”Fremtidens Dagtilbud”. Artiklen trækker på et policyetnografisk perspektiv og belyser og diskuterer centrale aspekter i projektets forståelse af børns sprog og sproglige udvikling, herunder projektets identificering af sproglige problemer og nødvendige indsatser. Det konkluderes, at projektets sprogforståelse trækker på en særlig læseorienteret faglig tradition. Denne tradition udgrænser tendentielt sociokulturelle og interaktionelle teoretiske orienteringer inden for sprogvidenskaben, der kunne inddrages til at støtte arbejdet med børns sproglige udvikling i daginstitutioner.
English abstract
Two years behind. A critical analysis and discussion of the conceptualization of children’s language develop-ment in the research and development programme "Preschools of the future"
Based on the increased awareness of children’s language development in preschools in the Nordic countries, this article focuses on the language conceptualization in a comprehensive Danish research and development project ”Preschools of the future”. The article draws on a policy ethnographic perspective and illuminates and discusses key aspects of the project’s understanding of children’s language and language development, including the project’s identification of linguistic problems and necessary initiatives. It is concluded that the project’s conceptualization of language draws on a special reading-oriented scientific tradition. This tradition might limit contemporary sociocultural and interactional theoretical orientations in the field of linguistics, which could be useful for supporting children’s language development in preschools.
Komparativ forskning på (barne)institusjoner – forskningsfokus og forståelser av barn og barndom
Authors: Lyså Ida Marie
Published: October 2018

I denne prøveforelesningen vil jeg på ingen måte gi en fullstendig oversikt over foreliggende forskning på (barne)institusjoner, men heller vise til et mindre utvalg forskning på feltet fra skandinavisk/nordisk kontekst, for slik å åpne opp for diskusjon rundt vekselvirkninger mellom produksjon av kunnskap, forskningsfokus og forståelser av barn og barndom – og hvilke implikasjoner slike forståelser kan ha for komparativ forskning, spesielt i forskjellige kulturelle settinger. Prøveforelesningens tittel presenterer et stort tematisk felt, og jeg har derfor gjort noen avgrensninger: (barne)institusjoner tolkes her som institusjoner for barn, eksempelvis barnehage, skole, fritidsinstitusjoner, helserelaterte institusjoner mm. I denne presentasjonen er det naturlig å fokusere på barnehage, da dette har vært tema for min avhandling. Utvalgt forskning på barnehagen som institusjon, spesielt fra norsk og dansk kontekst, vil brukes som utgangspunkt for analysen, og bidrag fra andre kulturelle kontekster vil benyttes for å problematisere og eksemplifisere tematikken. Med samfunnsvitenskapelig forskning vil jeg spesielt trekke på nyere barndomssosiologi (childhood studies – et multi-/inter-disiplinært forskningsfelt sammensatt av blant annet sosiologi, antropologi og geografi) fra et antropologisk ståsted, i tillegg til litteratur fra et annet relativt nytt forskningsfelt – pedagogisk antropologi. Jeg vil bruke teoretiske innspill fra sosiologien og antropologen Pierre Bourdieu for å diskutere poeng i presentasjonen, og da spesielt hans fokus på vitenskapelig refleksivitet. Forskning oppstår ikke i et vakuum – vår vitenskapsteoretiske forståelse og tilnærming er tett sammenvevd med historisk tid, vår posisjonering som forsker og vitenskapsteoretiske retninger i de forskningsfelt vi er en del av. Refleksivitet må derfor strekke seg utover feltsituasjonen og utover den individuelle forsker. Jeg ønsker med dette å reflektere rundt noen «sannheter» og forståelser knyttet til tverrkulturell komparativ forskning på (barne)institusjoner som muligens tas for gitt.
Monitoring adverse events in older hospitalized patients: A retrospective cross-sectional study using validated screening criteria with administrative data
Authors: Ackroyd-Stolarz Stacy A. , Bowles Susan K. , Giffin Lorri
Published: October 2018

Objective: Older patients are at higher risk of experiencing an adverse event (AE) during an acute hospitalization. The objective of the current study was to use routinely collected administrative data to characterize AEs and their system-level impact for older patients hospitalized in one Canadian health authority.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study occurred in the Capital District Health Authority in Nova Scotia, Canada between April 1, 2012 and March 31, 2013. The primary outcome was identification of pressure ulcers, fall-related injuries and adverse drug events in patients 65 years of age and older admitted to an acute inpatient service. AEs were identified using validated screening criteria. Data were analyzed using standard descriptive statistics.Results: There were 11,747 hospitalizations during the study period. A total of 330 (2.8%) AEs in 325 patients were identified using the screening criteria. This included 55 (16.7% of 330) pressure ulcers, 25 (7.6%) fall-related injuries and 250 (75.8%) adverse drug events. The average length of stay was significantly higher in patients with a pressure ulcer (35.8 ± 47.3 vs. 9.0 ± 14.8 days, p < .0001), fall-related injury (30.3 ± 23.2 vs. 9.0 ± 15.2 days, p < .0001), or adverse drug event (14.6 ± 14.4 vs. 9.0 ± 15.2 days, p < .0001) during their acute hospitalization.Conclusions:Use of validated screening criteria with administrative hospitalization data provides important information for monitoring the system-level impact of common AEs in older patients. Significant and clinically important differences in healthcare utilization underscore the value in monitoring these AEs in this growing patient population.
Item Types: Their Effect on the Sensitivity of Multiple-Choice Cloze Tests
Authors: Lee Abby Deng-Huei
Published: October 2018

To evaluate the sensitivity of multiple-choice cloze (MCC) tests that use different types of items—syntactic, semantic, and connective—to assess reading ability, 170 English as a foreign language (EFL) students in a vocational college in Taiwan were recruited. The students were divided into two groups (level A and level B) based on their scores on 4 classroom reading comprehension tests. Both groups then took 9 MCC tests that included a total of 50 cloze questions. Connective items were most sensitive for assessing reading ability. Research results and pedagogical applications are discussed.
Corporate Finance Principles and Wood Industry Growth: Empirical Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Džafić Jasmina , Polić Nedžad
Published: October 2018

The use of fundamental corporate finance principles as well as the combination of their effects does not always contribute to the same performance effects and firms’ growth. It can considerably vary in certain periods, market turbulences and various industries. Referring to the permanent need for exploration of the individual and integrated effects of the corporate finance principles on firms’ growth in specific circumstances, on the one hand, and particular importance of wood industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), on the other, in this paper we examine the extent to which corporate finance principles support wood industry growth in B&H.

Specifically, the aim of this research is to investigate the contribution of investments, financial leverage and dividend policy to the growth of firms in this particular industry. Furthermore, the compliance of the paper findings with theoretical concepts and expectations of corporate finance principles role arises as the additional research challenge. Finally, we are interested to find out if the empirical results provide a solid base to apply consistent incentives policy that may further stimulate wood industry growth in B&H.

We select all wood-processing firms in B&H from 2008 to 2016. Stata 15 is applied in the empirical analyses and calculations.
Predicting the Virtual Financial Communication Content: A Discriminant Analysis Applied on Small and Medium Stocks
Authors: Saida Youssef
Published: October 2018

In competitive environment, information is an important aspect of organization management. In fact, information supports decision making process, improves operational activities, and enhances organizational effectiveness and governance. Therefore, information should be communicated effectively to specific stakeholders throughout an extremely well-integrated system. Financial information system is an important component of the information system. It aims to provide reliable financial information regarding firms listed in stock market. In this case, financial information is viewed as a main ingredient of virtual financial communication. This research aims to provide more insights about financial information provided by financial information system. Indeed, the study tries to explain to what extend financial information could predict the virtual financial communication content. The sample contains 64 organizations listed on the Casablanca stock exchange. A content analysis of websites and financial statements analysis are used for each company. Based on virtual financial communication content, two groups are constructed. We use three financial indicators for measuring the performance of these two groups. The discriminant analysis shows to what extend specific financial indicators could predict the virtual financial communication content. As results, these indicators show different levels of ability to predict virtual financial communication content. Our findings, when confronted to the literature, explicit convergences about the predictability of on-line corporate disclosure.
The Influence of the Implementation of Job Rotation on Employees’ Perceived Job Satisfaction
Authors: Van Wyk Anna Elizabeth , Swarts Ilze , Mukonza Chipo
Published: October 2018

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the implementation of job rotation on employees’ perceived job satisfaction, and to identify the key factors that would influence the adoption of a job rotation strategy by the Registrar’s environment of a University of Technology, South Africa. A qualitative research approach was chosen for this study. Primary data was collected through a combined focus and nominal group technique. The Registrar’s environment at the University of Technology was used for the research. The Registrar’s structure consists of three departments, of which the staff of only two departments were used in the focus groups. Purposive sampling was employed to invite 34 employees from the two departments, across five post levels. Three focus groups consisting of 22 participants (six to ten participants per group) were conducted. Methods used to capture data included digital recording and note taking. The raw data was converted into transcriptions, and analysed and interpreted through the Tesch’s mechanics of interpretational qualitative content analysis. From the research conducted it was evident that the general feeling of participants was that the implementation of a job rotation strategy by the Registrar’s environment would positively impact job satisfaction, should certain key factors be taken into consideration. A job rotation strategy should be well communicated to all employees and the involvement of all stakeholders, including employees, should be sought when such a strategy is developed.
Health-Related Behaviours, Physical Activity and Perceived Life Satisfaction in the Academic Youth of Pedagogical Subjects
in Cracow
Authors: Kosiba Grażyna , Gacek Maria , Wojtowicz Agnieszka , Bogacz-Walancik Agnieszka
Published: October 2018

The aim of the study was to analyse the correlation between the level of satisfaction with life, health-related behaviours
and physical activity in the group of academic youth studying pedagogical subjects at chosen universities in
Cracow. The following variables were used and characterized: levels of satisfaction with life, health-related behaviours
and physical activity. The study verifi es the hypothesis that the academic youth characterized by higher levels
of satisfaction with life will be show a wider scale of pro-health behaviours and higher levels of physical activity.
The study was conducted in a random group of 486 participants – 416 women (85.60%) and 70 men (14.40%) in the
age 22–28 years (average: 23 years). The group consisted of undergraduates (3rd year of bachelor studies) at pedagogical
studies from three universities in Cracow: Pedagogical University of Cracow (66.26%), the Jagiellonian University
(25.31%) and Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University (8.43% ).
The standardised Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) by Diener et al. in the Polish adaptation by Z. Juczyński (2009)
was used for the purpose of measuring the satisfaction with life. The Inventory of Health-Related Behaviours (IHRB)
by Juczyński (2009) was used for the assessment of 4 categories of health-related behaviours: proper nutrition habits
(PNH), prophylaxis (P), pro-health practices (PHP) and positive attitude (PA). The intensity of pro-health behaviours
was assessed with the use of the proper sten scores (Juczyński 2009). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire
(IPAQ) – Short Form was used to assess the levels of physical activity.
The above presented authors’ own research show that the majority of Cracow students of pedagogical subjects
was characterized by an average satisfaction with life, and low levels of pro-health behaviours, as well as an adequate
level of physical activity. Statistically signifi cant diversity in some pro-health behaviours and physical activities
were discovered. They were found to be related to such factors as sex, intensity of certain pro-health behaviours,
and satisfaction with life among academic youth.
IMPORTÂNCIA DO MANEJO DE FLORESTAS NATIVAS PARA A RENDA DA PROPRIEDADE E ABASTECIMENTO DO MERCADO MADEIREIRO
Authors: Andrae Franz Heinrich , Schneider Paulo Renato , Durlo Miguel Antão , Finger César Augusto Guimarães
Published: October 2018

A produção brasileira de madeira industrial baseia-se essencialmente nas plantações florestais, porém, somente no setor de serraria existe ainda uma parcela apreciável de toras de origem de florestas nativas, desconsiderando o uso da madeira para fins energéticos. Com a criação de concessões florestais deu-se um passo importante rumo ao manejo das florestas nativas do norte do país. Já no extremo sul existem florestas nativas somente em estágios de recuperação, em propriedades familiares e cujo manejo é muito restrito. No presente artigo argumenta-se sobre a importância de manejar as florestas nativas, mesmo em pequenas propriedades. Para isto, toma-se como exemplo o caso da Áustria, cujo território é dominado por florestas nativas em pequenas propriedades. A tradição deste uso é baseada em uma legislação adequada, no trabalho do serviço de extensão e de pesquisa que geram um ambiente no qual os benefícios materiais e imateriais da floresta se aliam aos interesses da sociedade e aos econômicos dos proprietários. O manejo das pequenas unidades florestais permite alcançar um regime de sustentabilidade periódico, cujas intervenções silviculturais partem das condições locais, sendo o objetivo central a árvore e não o povoamento. Este procedimento de manejo, atualmente recomendado para a produção de madeira de elevado valor econômico, é descrito de maneira resumida.
ESCOLITÍNEOS (CURCULIONIDAE: SCOLYTINAE) ASSOCIADOS A PLANTIO DE Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis NA AMAZÔNIA MERIDIONAL EM ALTA FLORESTA, MATO GROSSO
Authors: Monteiro Marcelo , Carvalho Camila Craus , Garlet Juliana
Published: October 2018

Os escolitíneos contribuem no processo de decomposição de árvores caidas ou recém-abatidas e podem ser potencialmente prejudiciais em ambientes florestais, sejam estes naturais ou plantados. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar uma assembleia de Escolitíneos (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) em um plantio de Eucalyptus urograndis na Amazônia Meridional, no município de Alta Floresta, no período de agosto de 2015 a agosto de 2016. Foram utilizadas 12 armadilhas de impacto iscadas com etanol, sendo realizadas coletas quinzenalmente. Os insetos coletados foram encaminhados ao Laboratório da UNEMAT, para realização da triagem, sendo enviados para a Universidade Federal do Paraná, para correta identificação das espécies amostradas. Foram coletados 1.248 indivíduos, com um total de 13 espécies em seis gêneros, com maior representatividade: Cryptocarenus, Hypothenemus e Xyleborus. Na análise faunística Criptocarenus diadematus Eggers, Criptocarenus heveae (Hagedorni) e Criptocarenus seriatus Eggers ocorreram como dominantes, muito abundantes, muito frequentes e constantes, com distribuição agregada, podendo ser considerados potenciais insetos-praga em florestas plantadas na região.
FUNÇÃO ALOMÉTRICA DE BIOMASSA COM IMAGENS DE SATÉLITE DE ALTA RESOLUÇÃO ESPACIAL
Authors: Macedo Fabrício Lopes de , Sousa Adélia Maria de Oliveira , Gonçalves Ana Cristina , Silva Hélio Ricardo , Rodrigues Ricardo Antonio Ferreira
Published: October 2018

O presente estudo teve como objetivo ajustar funções para estimar por meio de dados derivados de imagens de satélite de alta resolução espacial, a biomassa total de Eucalyptus em escala local e regional. Para este fim, foram ajustados modelos, combinando os valores de biomassa estimada por meio de parcelas do inventário florestal associadas com índices de vegetação (IV) baseados em imagem do satélite Pléiades. A função com que apresentou melhor performance na estimativa da biomassa total, foi aquela que utilizou como variável independente o IV-SAVI, apresentando um coeficiente de determinação (R2) de 64,6%, no entanto, sem grande diferença para o NDVI e SR. As funções ajustadas poderão ser utilizadas em regiões que apresentem as mesmas espécies, clima e propriedades locais parecidas com as do presente estudo. Esta abordagem pode ser usada como uma ferramenta de baixo custo para produzir estimativas de biomassa em escala local e regional.
CRESCIMENTO E TOLERÂNCIA DE MUDAS DE Enterolobium contortisiliquum Vell. CULTIVADAS EM SOLO CONTAMINADO COM ZINCO
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Ferreira da , Antoniolli Zaida Ines , Grolli André Luis , Scheid Douglas Leandro , Bertollo Gilvan Moises , Missio Evandro Luis
Published: October 2018

O zinco é um elemento essencial às plantas, mas quando presente em altas concentrações no solo pode se tornar tóxico ao metabolismo vegetal. O trabalho objetivou determinar o crescimento e tolerância de mudas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum Vell. cultivadas em solo contaminado com zinco. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em solo com 81% de argila, no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos, constituídos de doses de zinco (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 e 600 mg kg-1) e oito repetições. Avaliou-se a altura de planta, diâmetro de colo, massa seca aérea, massa seca radicular, comprimento da raiz principal, área superficial específica, teor de Zn na parte aérea e radicular, coeficiente do impacto do teor relativo de zinco, índice de translocação e de tolerância. O coeficiente do impacto do teor relativo de zinco indicou tendência de menor translocação de Zn à parte aérea da muda até a dose de 300 mg de Zn kg-1 de solo. Os resultados evidenciaram que doses próximas a 200 mg de zinco kg-1 de solo argiloso estimulam a altura de planta, diâmetro do colo, a massa seca aérea e radicular das mudas de timbaúva. A timbaúva apresenta elevada tolerância ao zinco e por ser uma arbórea nativa adaptada às condições ambientais do Brasil pode ser indicada para revegetação de áreas contaminadas com a aplicação de até 600 mg de zinco kg-1 de solo argiloso.
EFEITO DE DIFERENTES CONCENTRAÇÕES DE AIB E PROCEDÊNCIAS GEOGRÁFICAS NO ENRAIZAMENTO DE ESTACAS DE PARICÁ
Authors: Lima Clenes Cunha , Ohashi Selma Toyoko , Silveira Ailton Souza
Published: October 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a influência da procedência e da concentração do ácido indol-3-butírico (AIB) no enraizamento de estacas provenientes de mudas de paricá. As procedências testadas foram: Belém-PA, Tucuruí-PA e Sinop-MT das quais foram obtidas sementes e produzidas mudas para obtenção de estacas. As estacas foram imersas em solução de AIB nas concentrações de 0, 2.000 e 3.000 ppm durante 10 segundos e plantadas em bandejas plásticas contendo vermiculita e fibra de coco como substrato (1:1 v/v). O delineamento foi inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 (procedências x concentração de AIB) com quatro repetições e dez estacas por parcela. Após 45 dias foram obtidos dados de percentagem de estacas enraizadas, número médio de raízes, comprimento da maior raiz, percentagem de estacas vivas sem formação de raiz, percentagem de estacas mortas e percentagem de estacas que emitiram brotos. A análise de variância indicou que não houve diferenças estatísticas significativas entre as procedências, porém, para a concentração verificou-se que as soluções a 2.000 e 3.000 ppm foram mais eficientes para enraizamento e desenvolvimento de raiz. A interação indicou comportamento diferencial entre procedências devido à procedência Sinop-MT ter apresentado comportamento inferior na ausência do AIB, contudo, com uma resposta superior às demais procedências quando da aplicação da solução de AIB. Nesse sentido, faz-se necessário definir concentrações mais adequadas para o enraizamento de estacas obtidas de diferentes procedências geográficas.
FENOLOGIA DE Poincianella pyramidalis (TUL.) L. P. QUEIROZ E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A DISTRIBUIÇÃO TEMPORAL DA PRECIPITAÇÃO PLUVIAL NO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Lima Cosmo Rufino de , Bruno Riselane de Lucena Alcântara , Andrade Alberício Pereira de , Pacheco Mauro Vasconcelos , Quirino Zelma Glebya Maciel , Silva Katiane da Rosa Gomes da , Belarmino Karialane da Silva
Published: October 2018

A região Semiárida brasileira tem como característica marcante a alta irregularidade da distribuição da precipitação pluvial no espaço e no tempo, com duas estações marcantes, a estação chuvosa, correspondente a um período curto com precipitações pluviais, erráticas e de intensidade muito variável, e a estação seca, período crítico, em geral, de prolongada estiagem, quando as espécies da Caatinga expressam sua fisionomia mais marcante, a caducifolia. As espécies vegetais, nestas condições, apresentam dinâmica de crescimento e desenvolvimento em consonância com os eventos de chuvas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as fenofases de Poincianella pyramidalis e sua relação com a distribuição temporal da precipitação pluvial, que se dá em forma de pulsos. Para o acompanhamento fenológico, 32 indivíduos arbóreos foram selecionados, marcados e monitorados quinzenalmente, na Fazenda Açude, município de Soledade-PB. Para quantificar os eventos fenológicos, foram usados o percentual de intensidade de Fournier e o índice de atividade, registrando-se a presença e ausência das fenofases: brotamento, botão floral, floração (antese), frutificação e senescência, cujos dados foram relacionados com os pulsos e interpulsos de precipitação. Constata-se que as fenofases, brotamento, botões florais e floração em Poincianella pyramidalis se dão em sincronia com a distribuição temporal dos pulsos de precipitação pluvial na área de sua ocorrência. A intensidade e duração das fenofases do desenvolvimento em Poincianella pyramidalis dependem da amplitude e frequência dos pulsos de precipitação ao longo da estação chuvosa. A senescência total das folhas em Poincianella pyramidalisacontece quando os interpulsos de precipitação pluvial se intensificam à medida que avança a estação seca, caracterizando a caducifolia.
IMPACTO DO ENCHIMENTO DO RESERVATÓRIO DE UMA UHE SOBRE A DINÂMICA DE UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA EM SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Lima Carla Luciane , Silva Ana Carolina da , Higuchi Pedro , Cruz Aline Pereira , Kilca Ricardo de Vargas , Nunes Amanda da Silva , Silva Mariele Alves Ferrer da , Dallabrida Juliana Pizutti , Soboleski Vanessa Fátima , Gross Aline
Published: October 2018

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o impacto do enchimento do reservatório de uma usina hidrelétrica sobre as taxas de dinâmica do componente arbóreo em uma floresta adjacente. Para isso, foram alocadas 48 parcelas em três setores do fragmento: adjacente às margens do reservatório, meio da encosta e topo da encosta. Um ano após o enchimento do reservatório, todos os indivíduos arbóreos com circunferência a altura do peito (CAP) ≥ 15,7 cm foram avaliados (identificados e mensurados), e dois anos após o enchimento foi realizado o estudo de dinâmica, com as árvores sobreviventes remedidas, as mortas quantificadas e as recrutas incorporadas. Foi realizado o levantamento das variáveis ambientais edáficas, topográficas, de abertura do dossel e de impacto ambiental. Foram calculadas as taxas de dinâmica. Para ordenação das variáveis ambientais foi aplicada uma Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA) e a influência de gradientes ambientais sobre as taxas demográficas da comunidade foi verificada por meio de regressão logística. A dinâmica apresentou estabilidade no número de indivíduos, porém, com maior ganho (3,64%.ano-1) que perda (1,62%.ano-1) em área basal. Entre os setores houve distinções, sendo o setor 1 caracterizado pela maior taxa de perda em área basal (2,51%.ano-1). Houve pouca relação das taxas demográficas com as variáveis ambientais analisadas, indicando que a maior influência encontrada sobre o crescimento das árvores está associada a variáveis não mensuradas. O presente estudo indica que, dois anos após o enchimento do reservatório, foi possível perceber os primeiros efeitos da influência do lago da hidrelétrica na comunidade arbórea.
AVALIAÇÃO DO EFEITO DAS VARIÁVEIS DE PROCESSO NO BRANQUEAMENTO DE POLPA CELULÓSICA COM PERÓXIDO DE HIDROGÊNIO
Authors: Marcondes Camila Juliane , Ventorim Gustavo , Santos Rafael dos , Pereira Felipo Augusto
Published: October 2018

O mercado de polpa celulósica branqueada tem trabalhado de modo a promover níveis de alvura com valores de 92% ISO obedecendo, contudo, às normas ambientais e buscando processos menos agressivos. Assim, o dióxido de cloro adicional que seria necessário para a elevação da alvura tem sido substituído pelo peróxido de hidrogênio. No presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a influência da variação da carga de peróxido de hidrogênio, pressão e temperatura na sequência de branqueamento D0(E+P)D1(P+O). Para isto foi utilizada polpa kraft industrial, proveniente de híbrido de Eucalyptus urophylla X Eucalyptus grandis, pré-deslignificada com oxigênio, cujas características inicias eram: alvura de 61,8% ISO, viscosidade de 36,9 cP e número kappa de 8,9. O último estágio (P+O) foi realizado variando-se a carga de peróxido de hidrogênio (3 kg/t e 6 kg/t), a temperatura (95ºC e 105ºC) e a pressão (0 atm e 5 atm). Para avaliar o efeito de tais variações nas propriedades da polpa celulósica realizaram-se os testes de viscosidade, alvura e reversão de alvura de acordo com normas TAPPI. De modo geral, o aumento da carga de peróxido de hidrogênio (de 3 para 6 kg/t) proporcionou um pequeno incremento nos valores de alvura e uma pequena redução da viscosidade da polpa celulósica. O aumento de 10ºC na temperatura teve efeito positivo sobre o parâmetro de alvura, com acréscimo dos respectivos valores, por outro lado, para a viscosidade, os valores encontrados apresentaram tendência de redução. Para a variação de pressão de oxigênio observou-se também aumento da alvura e diminuição da viscosidade.
MODELOS ALOMÉTRICOS PARA ESTIMAR EL ALMACENAMIENTO DE CARBONO DE BOSQUES MONTANOS BAJOS EN EL SUR DEL ECUADOR
Authors: Sivisaca Deicy Carolina Lozano , Herrera Byron Gonzalo Palacios , Mendoza Zhofre Huberto Aguirre
Published: October 2018

En Ecuador existen bosques montanos bajos de gran importancia biológica que proveen de servicios ecosistémicos como el almacenamiento de carbono. Por esta razón, se desarrolló una investigación que permitió elaborar modelos alométricos mediante la cuantificación de carbono en el bosque montano bajo. Se estableció una parcela permanente de una hectárea y se midieron todos los árboles con diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP1,30m) ≥ 5 cm. Las variables que se usaron para la generación de los modelos fueron DAP y altura total (ht). La biomasa arbórea fue de 322,37 t ha-1 y el carbono total estimado fue de 161,07 t ha-1. En los modelos alométricos del estrato arbóreo, las variables que mejor se ajustaron fueron DAP, DAP2 y ht. La familia botánica con mayor biomasa (69,95 t ha-1) y carbono (34,98 t C ha-1) fue Moraceae, que conjuntamente con Lauraceae, Myristicaceae y Rubiaceae almacenan el 57% de carbono (91,55 t C ha-1) del bosque montano bajo. De las 179 especies botánicas registradas, las especies Pseudolmedia laevigata, Nectandra reticulata, Otoba parvifolia, Vochysia paraensis, Ficus sp. y Elaeagia obovata almacenan el 51% (81 t C ha-1) del carbono total estimado.
FLORÍSTICA E ESTRUTURA DE DUAS COMUNIDADES ARBÓREAS SECUNDÁRIAS COM DIFERENTES GRAUS DE DISTÚRBIO EM PROCESSO DE RECUPERAÇÃO
Authors: Oliva Elaine Vivian , Reissmann Carlos Bruno , Marques Renato , Bianchin Jonas Eduardo , Dalmaso Cilmar Antônio , Winagraski Etienne
Published: October 2018

Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a composição florística e a estrutura da comunidade arbórea de áreas em processo de recuperação ambiental no município de Bocaiúva do Sul-PR. A produção e divulgação de dados e informações sobre a florística e fitossociologia da cobertura florestal em duas áreas com condições ambientais e intervenções distintas é uma contribuição relevante para compreender a dinâmica na estrutura arbórea em áreas de recuperação ambiental. Para isso, foram selecionadas duas áreas com distintos graus de degradação: Floresta Secundária Inicial (FSI), área na qual houve corte raso, isto é, retirada das camadas superficiais do solo e revegetação com Mimosa scabrella Benth; e Floresta Secundária Avançada (FSA), que representa um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista em que houve exploração seletiva de espécies de interesse comercial. A amostragem da vegetação foi realizada em 10 parcelas de 150 m² em cada área (0,15 ha), nas quais foram mensurados todos os indivíduos arbóreos, incluindo as árvores mortas com circunferência a altura do peito (CAP) igual ou superior a 15 cm. Na FSI, foram amostradas 40 espécies pertencentes a 24 famílias, enquanto na FSA foram amostradas 57 espécies pertencentes a 27 famílias botânicas. Os resultados apontaram que a estrutura da vegetação na FSA é distinta da FSI, com menor densidade de árvores, maior área basal e diversidade florística.
Espectroscopia fotoacústica laser: cálculo de eficiência quântica radiativa do íon Nd3+ dopado em vidro soda-lime
Authors: Lima Gilson A.R.
Published: October 2018

Laser photoacoustic spectroscopy measurements of radiative quantum efficience were made on Nd3+ ion doped in soda-lime glass. The variations of signal intensities with chopping frequency of the incident light are in agreement with the predictions of standard photoacoustic effect theory. The determination of radiative quantum efficiency of this material is described using two differents wavelenght as a function of a fixed chopping frequency. The measured value n=0.87 + 0.04 is compared with those obtained by other methods.
Anatomia da madeira de Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae)
Authors: Muñiz Graciela I. Bolzón de , Marchiori José Newton Cardoso
Published: October 2018

The wood anatomy of Ximenia americana L. is described, based in one specimen colected in Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Quantitative data and photomicrographs of the anatomical structure are presented. The wood has extremely numerous pores in solitary arrangement, very short to short vascular elements, exclusively simple perforation plates, apotracheal-diffuse axial parenchyma, fibrotracheids and heterogeneous - II rays. The wood anatomy of Ximenia places the genus in an intermediate position within family Olacaceae.