Political prerequisites for the transition to a circular economy in Russia
Authors: Matyukhin A. , Davydova Yu. , Chernova D. 
Published: February 2025

The article reveals the essence and structure of the closed-loop economy (EEOC) in the context of Russia's potential transition to an import substitution policy based on the internal resources of the state. It is noted that there is no unified approach in the scientific literature in understanding the specifics of a closed-loop economy. In this article, a closed-loop economy or a circular economy is understood as an economic cycle based on the principles of resource renewal and conservation of the socio-ecological and economic system, as a result of which waste is minimized and resources are used as efficiently as possible. The policy of transition to a closed-loop economy has a positive effect on the development of domestic production, which promotes import substitution and strengthens the country's economic autonomy. The closed-loop economy stimulates small and medium-sized businesses, forcing them to develop and apply new economic models. The circular economy increases the social responsibility of business to society, since the use of "green technologies" in a closed cycle contributes to solving environmental problems. The purpose of our research is to identify the main political prerequisites for the transition to a closed–loop economy model in Russia, as well as the difficulties and challenges associated with this transition. The article uses a multimethodological approach. Both theoretical methods were actively used - analysis, synthesis, systematization, classification, generalization, logical method, and empirical methods. An expert survey of experts in the field of ECTS was important for the focus of the article. According to the authors, summing up the results of the expert survey allows us to form a more substantive understanding of the main political prerequisites for the transition to a closed-cycle domestic economy. In the final part of the article, the SWOT analysis method was used, which allowed us to draw reasonable conclusions. The results of the expert interview made it possible to draw an unambiguous conclusion that at present in Russia the principles of a closed-loop economy are just beginning to be introduced into the economic system. The legislative framework for the circular economy is also in the process of formation. The need for a comprehensive strategy for the transition to a closed-loop economy, close cooperation between government agencies and large-scale public investments were highlighted as the leading political factors. Such factors as disinterest and poor awareness of citizens, weak investment from the state, lack of qualified personnel and low level of environmental education in Russian society were identified as barriers to the "green transition". At the same time, experts have highlighted a number of advantages of introducing a closed-loop economy. Among them: increasing the sustainability and stability of the Russian economy, solving import substitution problems, preserving resources and funds within the country, and greening the domestic economy. The article concludes that the introduction of a circular economy requires significant efforts by the state, business and society, but in the long term, this economic model has significant potential and is able to solve important economic, social and political challenges facing our country.