bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Variability of pCO2, Carbon Fluxes, and Saturation State on the West Florida Shelf
Authors: Robbins L. L. , Daly K. L. , Barbero L. , Wanninkhof R. , He R. , Zong H. , Lisle J. T. , Cai W.‐J. , Smith C. G.
Published: August 2018

The West Florida Shelf (WFS) is a source of uncertainty for the Gulf of Mexico carbon budget. Data from the synthesis of approximately 135,000 pCO2 values from 97 cruises from the WFS show that the shelf waters fluctuate between being a weak source to a weak sink of carbon. Overall, the shelf acts as a weak source of CO2 at 0.32 ± 1.5 mol m−2 yr−1. Subregions, however, reveal slightly different trends, where surface waters associated with 40–200‐m isobath in the northern and southern WFS are generally weak sinks all year, except for summer when they act as sources of CO2. Conversely, nearshore waters (<40 m) are a source of CO2, particularly the southern shallow waters, which are a source all year round. The pCO2 of seawater has been increasing at a rate of approximately 4.37 μatm/year as compared to atmospheric pCO2 which has increased at a rate of about 1.7 μatm per year from 1996 to 2016. The annual CO2 flux has increased from −0.78 to 0.92 mol m−2 yr−1 on the shelf from 1996–2016. The WFS is emitting 9.23 Tg C/year, with the southern nearshore region emitting the most at 9.01 Tg C/year and the northern region acting as a sink of −1.96 Tg C/year. Aragonite saturation state on the WFS shows seasonal and geographic trends with values ranging from 2 to 5. Lowest values are found in winter associated with subregion <40‐m isobath.
Exophiala dermatitidis isolates from various sources: using alternative invertebrate host organisms (Caenorhabditis elegans and Galleria mellonella) to determine virulence
Authors: Olsowski Maike , Hoffmann Frederike , Hain Andrea , Kirchhoff Lisa , Theegarten Dirk , Todt Daniel , Steinmann Eike , Buer Jan , Rath Peter-Michael , Steinmann Joerg
Published: August 2018

Exophiala dermatitidis causes chromoblastomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis and fatal infections of the central nervous system of patients with Asian background. It is also found in respiratory secretions from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In this study a variety of E. dermatitidis strains (isolates from Asia, environmental and CF) were characterized in their pathogenicity by survival analyzes using two different invertebrate host organisms, Caenorhabditis elegans and Galleria mellonella. Furthermore, the morphological development of hyphal formation was analyzed. E. dermatitidis exhibited pathogenicity in C. elegans. The virulence varied in a strain-dependent manner, but the nematodes were a limited model to study hyphal formation. Analysis of a melanin-deficient mutant (Mel-3) indicates that melanin plays a role during virulence processes in C. elegans. The strains isolated from Asian patients exhibited significantly higher virulence in G. mellonella compared to strains from other sources. Histological analyzes also revealed a higher potential of invasive hyphal growth in strains isolated from Asian patients. Interestingly, no significant difference was found in virulence between the Mel-3 mutant and their wild type counterpart during infection in G. mellonella. In conclusion, invasive hyphal formation of E. dermatitidis was associated with increased virulence. This work is the basis for future studies concerning E. dermatitidis virulence.
Rigorous formulation of space-charge wake function and impedance by solving the three-dimensional Poisson equation
Authors: Shobuda Yoshihiro , Chin Yong Ho
Published: August 2018

In typical numerical simulations, the space-charge force is calculated by slicing a beam into many longitudinal segments and by solving the two-dimensional Poisson equation in each segment. This method neglects longitudinal leakage of the space-charge force to nearby segments owing to its longitudinal spread over 1/γ. By contrast, the space-charge impedance, which is the Fourier transform of the wake function, is typically calculated directly in the frequency-domain. So long as we follow these approaches, the longitudinal leakage effect of the wake function will remain to be unclear. In the present report, the space-charge wake function is calculated directly in the time domain by solving the three-dimensional Poisson equation for a longitudinally Gaussian beam. We find that the leakage effect is insignificant for a bunch that is considerably longer than the chamber radius so long as the segment length satisfies a certain condition. We present a criterion for how finely a bunch should be sliced so that the two-dimensional slicing approach can provide a good approximation of the three-dimensional exact solution.
Micro-culture and Macro-culture in urban housing architecture
Authors: Dung Le Van
Published: August 2018

In the era of information society, the development of urban housing architecture in the world has always associated with the tendency of cultural progress, localizing international architecture in parallel with internationalization of indigenous architecture, while still having a mixture of characteristics of oriental lifestyle with western lifestyle, and vice versa. The study allows determination of the form characteristics, and the mode of functional space organization of urban housing architecture corresponds to the two cultural types: Micro-culture of the East and Macro-culture of the West. This study forms the basis for preserving and recognizing the traditional essence of housing space between two relatively opposite cultures that exist throughout human history, especially in “flat world” conditions of postmodernity of the second half of the 20th and the 21th century.
Social-ecological priorities of town-planning activities on the urbanized territories
Authors: Buzyrev Vyacheslav , Nuzhina Irina , Zolotareva Maria
Published: August 2018

The purpose of the study is to determine the paradigm of modern urban activity development justifying the dominant influence of social and environmental factors on the modern model of urbanized areas. The methods of systemic, logical and comparative analysis are applied, as well as the results of the public opinion survey on the comfort of the urban environment, the findings of the authors' own research on identifying preferences and needs of the population in environmental construction products with an emphasis on the quality of the urban environment. The role and the content of social and ecological aspects of human vital activity environment that determines the priorities of modern development of urban development in the regions of Russia is shown. The indicators of housing construction are analyzed, the role of large-panel housing construction in solving strategic problems of housing provision based on the environment comfort is considered. The obtained results can be used to develop methods and tools for regulating construction activities.
Estimation of ecological state of national parks in megalopolises (by the example of Losiny Ostrov park, Moscow, Russia)
Authors: Evgrafova Irina , Evgrafo A.
Published: August 2018

This paper examines the issues of environmental conditions of a national park in a metropolitan city. The main sources of environmental pollution have been identified. Geochemical state of the environment components has been determined. Main sources of man-induced load, which enable making decisions on this territory further development, have been established.
System of industrial park functioning indicators reflecting the effect of competitiveness factors of resident enterprises
Authors: Chepur Petr , Tarasenko Aleksandr , Tikhanov Evgeniy , Krivorotov Vadim , Gruchenkova Alesya
Published: August 2018

Recently, industrial parks, demonstrating their effectiveness, have turned into a locomotive of business development providing the resident enterprises with a whole range of competitive advantages. In order to analyze the impact of factors enhancing the competitiveness of residents of industrial parks, the authors have developed a comprehensive system of indicators for the functioning of the industrial park which provide a quantitative assessment and a comprehensive account of the aggregate of "intra-park", local and regional factors. Considering the requirements formulated by the authors, a system of indicators for the functioning of the industrial park has been developed, which includes two structural blocks: indicators of the industrial park performance and indicators of the industrial park's base area potential. Options of practical use of the formed system of indicators are proposed, on the one hand, to establish targets for further development of the industrial park based on the comparison of the studied industrial park with the projects of competitors, and on the other hand, to design an industrial park development program that ensures the competitiveness of the site residents.
Modeling fires in structures with an atrium in the FDS field model
Authors: Nedryshkin Oleg , Gravit Marina , Grabovyy Kirill
Published: August 2018

Modeling of dangerous fire factors is an important element in the system of modern fire safety assessment of buildings and structures. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the software system PyroSim. The verification of the fire model in the FDS program, which was performed on the basis of full-scale tests conducted by Professor Chau W.L., was analysed. The analysis of empirical and calculated data on modeling of fire in the atrium is made. The conclusion is made about the accuracy of simulation in the FDS program and the coincidence of the experimental data with the calculated ones.
Possibilities of modern software complexes in simulation fire protection of constructions structures with Sofistik
Authors: Gravit Marina , Lyulikov Vladimir , Fatkullina Alina
Published: August 2018

The review of modern software systems that allow producing modeling and calculation of fire resistance of building structures, as well as simulating fire protection, is given. Particular attention is paid to the software Sofistik, which allows you to synchronize with Autodesk Revit and calculate the fire protection of building structures for various temperature regimes.
The use of elevators in the evacuation of high-rise buildings
Authors: Dmitriev Ivan , Kuzenkov Kirill , Kankhva Vadim
Published: August 2018

The paper substantiates the possibility of using the elevators as the main evacuation path from high-rise multi-storey buildings. The analysis of the reasons preventing effective evacuation of people from high-rise buildings is carried out. A tall multi-storey office building was modeled in the Pathfinder software package. Several scenarios of the human flow are presented, and the influence of time parameters (the beginning of evacuation and delay of signal delivery), the composition of the flow (different ratios of people of different mobility groups), and the level at which the evacuation of each group begins are reflected on the time of evacuation using elevators. The time of evacuation by a staircase is compared with the time of evacuation using elevators. It is shown that it is effective to use evacuation elevators in 60-storey buildings, but it is not rational to use them for a 20-storey building.
Modeling of the composition of ecologically safe clay-gypsum binders
Authors: Asamatdinov Marat , Medvedev Andrey , Zhukov Alexey , Zarmanyan Ervand , Poserenin Alexey
Published: August 2018

Clay-gypsum of each deposit are ecologically safe natural materials. They differ from others in their mineralogical and phase composition, they have different properties. Such a spread of properties of natural clay-gypsum, including after their heat treatment, makes it difficult to process them and, ultimately, use. The factor of "unpredictability of the obtained results" is one of the reasons why this type of natural composites are practically not used in modern construction. The paper presents the results of studies of the properties of model compositions of a clay-gypsum binder. The theoretical basis of the research is the methodology for the creation of new building materials, developed at the MSUCE. According to the proposed provisions, the properties of composite (or multicomponent) systems can be evaluated using the concept of a model body, in our case a "model material", manufactured with observance of certain technological parameters. According to the results of the first stage, the optimum temperature for calcination of an artificial clay-gypsum binder (which was 230-250°C) was established, and a graphical interpretation of the results was carried out using triple diagrams. By results of researches it is established, that the majority of natural structures in the natural state, or after modification can be used as a basis for reception of interior plaster mixes.
Potential daylight resources between tropical and temperate cities – a case study of Ho Chi Minh City and Moscow
Authors: Phuong Khanh Thi Nguyen , Solovyov Aleksei
Published: August 2018

Horizontal illuminance is an important indicator, which shows the resources of the light climate of each region. Meticulous consideration of the light-climate data allows us to develop graphs of diffuse and global illuminance (ED and EG) and go to the territorial norms of daylight spaces at the modern level. Measurements of horizontal illuminance in Vietnam are not available; therefore, the calculation of the determination horizontal illuminance from solar radiation by light equivalents using the values of the luminous efficacy is widely used now. The paper contains calculation of the luminous efficacy for Vietnam, the results are graphs of horizontal illuminance for Ho Chi Minh. Comparative analysis with horizontal natural illuminance of Moscow shows a high level and uniform distribution of outdoor illuminance in the tropical sky in Vietnam. The maximum values of ED and EG for Ho Chi Minh City are 42.01 Klux and 87.17 Klux; for Moscow these values are equal to 28.3 Klux and 53.1 Klux, respectively. In addition, the levels of illuminance in the winter months in Ho Chi Minh are much higher than in Moscow, which is explained by the latitudinal difference in the location of these cities and the corresponding movement of the Sun.
Organic agriculture and sustainable development of the agrarian sector of regions in the context of “green” economy
Authors: Akhmetshina Liliya , Pokrovskaya Tatyana , Semernin Dmitry
Published: August 2018

The possibilities of realization of the principles of “green” economy in the agrarian sector of Russian regions are investigated in the article. At the same time special attention is paid to the organic agriculture as one of indicators of transition to “green” economy and sustainable development of the agrarian sector. Some tendencies of organic agriculture development in regions of Russia are considered. The key directions of transition of the agrarian sector of economy of Russian regions to the model of “green” economy are defined.
The minimisation of risks in project finance: approaches to financial modelling and structuring
Authors: Tikhomirov Dmitry , Plotnikov Vladimir
Published: August 2018

Complex investment projects require detailed and thorough analysis of numerous aspects and proper actions taken on all stages of their development. The article considers peculiarities of project finance, major risks of projects for the main participants, provides practical recommendations on approaches to project financial models, and brief review of recourse and debt service undertaking mechanism. The article is the result of practical experience and analysis of the problems of project finance based on implementation of the largest investment projects.
Wyburn-Mason Syndrome
Authors: Tomarchio Stefania , Portale Anna , Catanzaro Stefano , Polizzi Agata , Belfiore Giuseppe , Pirrone Concetta , Schepis Carmelo , Commodari Elena , Praticò Elena , Zanghì Antonio , Ruggieri Martino , Konez Orhan , Praticò Andrea
Published: August 2018

Wyburn–Mason syndrome is a very rare neurocutaneous disorder characterized by unilateral arteriovenous malformations of the midbrain associated with vascular abnormalities of eye and optic pathways, as well as multiple cutaneous nevi, reddish-bluish in color. The co-occurrence of such anomalies can be explained by an embryonic anomaly occurring in common ancestor cells, with the more severe cases related to development errors in the very early phases of gestation. Central nervous system and vision may be severely impaired: affected individuals may present with acute headache, hemiplegia, and homonymous hemianopsia in half of the cases. Seizures, cerebellar dysfunction, acute psychiatric signs, hallucinations, and temporal/spatial disorientation are reported more rarely. A progressive mental illness can become evident later in up to 30% of cases. Surgical removal is indicated only in superficially located arteriovenous malformations, while nonsurgical strategies (i.e., embolization and radiation therapy) are indicated for most of the lesions and represent the gold standard option in the treatment of this syndrome.
Die Bestimmung der Sehschärfe
Authors: Dietze Holger
Published: August 2018

Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die physiologischen Grundlagen der Sehschärfe und die Prinzipien für deren Bestimmung in der Praxis des Ophthalmologen oder Optometristen. Dabei werden die Sehschärfe als eine Funktion des menschlichen Auges im Zusammenhang mit anderen Sehfunktionen erläutert und ihre im normalen Auge zu erwartenden Werte angeführt. Die Bedingungen für eine normgerechte Sehschärfebestimmung werden mit Bezug auf die novellierte ISO/FDIS 8596 (2018) beschrieben.
Factors affecting the performance of public out-patient services
Authors: Naiker Ugenthiri , FitzGerald Gerry , Dulhunty Joel M. , Rosemann Michael
Published: August 2018

Objective
The delivery of public out-patient services is an essential part of complex healthcare systems, but the contribution of public out-patient services is often ill defined and poorly evaluated. The aim of this study was to identify and better understand those factors that may affect the performance of out-patient services to provide health service managers, clinicians and executives with a conceptual framework for future decision-making processes.

Methods
The present qualitative research involved five exploratory case studies. These case studies were conducted across two specialties at hospitals in the Metro North Hospital and Health Service in Queensland. Data were obtained from 38 interviews and 15 focus groups, and were analysed to identify common themes. Further analysis helped identify the most significant factors and build a conceptual framework for understanding the relationships between those factors and their effect on performance.

Results
Across both specialties there were 10 factors (scheduling, performance, service framework, categorisation or prioritisation of patients, internal and external stakeholders, resources, service demand, culture, system challenges and medical stakeholders) identified that may affect the performance of out-patient services. These factors were condensed into five core domains: culture, stakeholders, resources, demand and system reform.

Conclusion
Strategies to address the five core domains identified may provide a framework for sustainable improvement in the delivery of out-patient services.

What is known about the topic?
The provision of specialist out-patient services is an essential element of health service delivery. Access to specialist services in the public sector is challenging because of the escalating demand associated with an increasing and aging demographic. The factors that may affect the delivery of out-patient services need to be addressed for long-term sustainable improvement.

What does this paper add?
This paper provides a conceptual framework grounded in rigorous qualitative data analysis for understanding the internal and external factors that affect waiting times for specialist out-patient services. The results of this qualitative research indicate that there are five core domains that may influence waiting times in the public out-patient setting. When these domains are addressed at the strategic, tactical and operational levels, they have the potential to provide significant improvement in the delivery of out-patient services.

What are the implications for practitioners?
This paper guides the attention of relevant stakeholders towards the five core domains identified (culture, stakeholders, resources, demand and system reform) that influence the performance of waiting times at the operational, tactical and strategic levels within the public hospital setting.
cAMP stimulates SLC26A3 activity in human colon by a CFTR-dependent mechanism that does not require CFTR activity
Authors: Tse Chung-Ming , Yin Jianyi , Singh Varsha , Sarker Rafiquel , Lin Ruxian , Verkman Alan S. , Turner Jerrold R. , Donowitz Mark
Published: August 2018

Background & Aims

DRA (SLC26A3) is an electroneutral Cl-/HCO3- exchanger that is present in the apical domain of multiple intestinal segments. An area that has continued to be poorly understood is related to DRA regulation in acute cAMP-related diarrheas, in which DRA appears to be both inhibited as part of NaCl absorption and stimulated to contribute to increased HCO3- secretion. Different cell models expressing DRA have shown that cAMP inhibits, stimulates or does not affect its activity.

Methods

This study reevaluated cAMP regulation of DRA using new “tools” including a successful knockout cell model, a specific DRA inhibitor (DRAinh-A250), specific antibodies, and a transport assay that did not rely on non-specific inhibitors. The studies compared DRA regulation in colonoids made from normal human colon with regulation in the colon cancer cell line, Caco-2.

Results

DRA is an apical protein in human proximal colon, differentiated colonoid monolayers and Caco-2 cells. It is glycosylated and appears as two bands. cAMp(forskolin) acutely stimulated DRA activity in human colonoids and Caco-2 cells. In these cells, DRA is the predominant apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger and is inhibited by DRAinh-A250 with IC50 of 0.5 μmol/L and 0.2 µmol/L, respectively. However, there was no effect of cAMP in HEK293/DRA cells that lacked CFTR. When CFTR was expressed in HEK293/DRA cells, cAMP also stimulated DRA activity. In all cases, cAMP stimulation of DRA was not inhibited by CFTRinh-172.

Conclusions

DRA is acutely stimulated by cAMP by a process that is CFTR-dependent but appears to be one of multiple regulatory effects of CFTR that does not require CFTR activity.
Photon count estimation in single-molecule localization microscopy
Authors: Thorsen Rasmus Ø. , Hulleman Christiaan N. , Hammer Mathias , Grünwald David , Stallinga Sjoerd , Bernd Rieger
Published: August 2018

Recently, Franke, Sauer and van de Linde1 introduced a way to estimate the axial position of single-molecules (TRABI). To this end, they compared the detected photon count from a temporal radial-aperture-based intensity estimation to the estimated count from Gaussian point-spread function (PSF) fitting to the data. Empirically they found this photometric ratio to be around 0.7-0.8 close to focus and decreasing away from it. Here, we explain this reported but unexplained discrepancy and furthermore show that the photometric ratio as indicator for axial position is susceptible even to typical optical aberrations.
Consumer perceptions of fresh leafy vegetables in Japan
Authors: Yano Yuki , Blandford David , Maruyama Atsushi , Nakamura Tetsuya
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate Japanese consumer perceptions of the benefits of consuming fresh leafy vegetables.

Design/methodology/approach

An online bulletin board survey was conducted in Japan to collect responses to an open-ended question about reasons for consuming fresh leafy vegetables. A total of 897 responses were analysed using word co-occurrence network analysis. A community detection method and centrality measures were used to interpret the resulting network map.

Findings

Using a community detection algorithm, the authors identify six major groups of words that represent respondents’ core motives for consuming leafy vegetables. While Japanese consumers view health benefits to be most important, sensory factors, such as texture, colour, and palatability, and convenience factors also influence attitudes. The authors find that centrality measures can be useful in identifying keywords that appear in various contexts of consumer responses.

Originality/value

This is the first paper to use a quantitative text analysis to examine consumer perceptions for fresh leafy vegetables. The analysis also provides pointers for creating visually interpretable co-occurrence network maps from textual data and discusses the role of community structure and centrality in interpreting such maps.
General Nicolae Rădescu: New Sources, New Perspectives, 1940s–1950s
Authors: VLADIMIROV KATYA
Published: August 2018

In this article, I share the story of General Nicolae Rădescu (1877–1953), a desolate, rebellious, rigid yet highly spiritual man trapped in a dramatic life, moving between political statesmanship and mystical illusions, tragedy and heroism, loyalty and betrayal. A highly decorated general, former prime minster of Romania, and chief of general staff during the last years of the Second World War, the leader of the Romanian opposition who ended up in exile, banished from political life. He died on ‘other shores’, alone, and in poverty.
Human leukocyte antigen DQ2/DQ8 positivity in women with history of stillbirth
Authors: Cozzolino Mauro , Serena Caterina , Calabró Antonino Salvatore , Savi Elena , Rambaldi Marianna Pina , Simeone Serena , Ottanelli Serena , Mello Giorgio , Rombolá Giovanni , Troiano Gianmarco , Nante Nicola , Vannuccini Silvia , Mecacci Federico , Petraglia Felice
Published: August 2018

Problem

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes, two common polymorphisms associate with celiac disease (CD), in women with previous stillbirth, but not affected by CD.

Method of study

Women with history of unexplained term stillbirth referred to our Center for High‐Risk Pregnancies for a preconception counseling, and women with previous uncomplicated pregnancies, were enrolled as cases and controls. Celiac women were excluded from the study. Genetic tests for HLA DQ2/DQ8 were performed, and patients’ data were compared.

Results

The population included 56 women with a previous term stillbirth and 379 women with history of uncomplicated pregnancies. The prevalence of HLA‐DQ2 or DQ8 positivity was significantly higher in cases than in controls (50% vs 29.5%) (P = 0.0031). Women with HLA DQ8 genotype have a significantly higher risk of stillbirth (OR: 2.84 CI: 1.1840‐6.817) and in case of DQ2 genotype the OR for stillbirth was even higher (OR: 4.46 CI: 2.408‐8.270). In the stillbirth group, SGA neonates were significantly more frequent in those with HLA‐DQ2/DQ8 haplotypes than in those resulted negative to genetic testing (85.7% vs 42 .8%, P = 0.004).

Conclusion

In women with history of term stillbirth, a significantly higher prevalence of HLA DQ2/DQ8 haplotypes has been found compared to women with previous uneventful pregnancies. In addition, HLA DQ2/DQ8 positivity was significantly associated with suboptimal fetal growth in intrauterine fetal death cases, as shown by an increased prevalence of SGA babies.
The Real Effects of Credible Disinflation in the Presence of Real Wage Rigidities
Authors: Tesfaselassie Mewael F.
Published: August 2018

The paper re‐examines the real effects of credible disinflation in the presence of real wage rigidities and non‐linear dynamics. A credible, gradual disinflation is shown to lead to a delayed output slump along the transition path if real wage rigidities are sufficiently strong. This result is novel and holds across alternative models of nominal inertia—price staggering and price adjustment costs. In the special case of a cold‐turkey disinflation, price adjustment costs imply an immediate but short‐lived slump while price staggering implies a long‐lasting boom.
The Impact of Reflective Practices of English Language Teachers on the Development of A Sense of Agency
Authors: Tutunis Birsen , Hacifazlioglu Ozge
Published: August 2018

Language teaching has undergone many changes for several decades and is still changing within this complex dynamic system. Teaching is recognized as both individually practised and socially shaped phenomenon with lots of constraints imposed by the society. The concept of agency has been theorized from an interdisciplinary approach incorporating academic disciplines of sociology, philosophy, anthropology, management, economics and the related fields. The aim of this paper is to address this gap in the literature by examining the experiences of language teachers working with young learners. There is limited research literature that specifically addresses the practices of teacher agencies in language teaching. However, Johnson (2009) for example, based on Vygotsky's (1958) sociocultural theory, suggests to take a sociocultural approach in teacher education to acknowledge both social forces and the individual experiences that shape language teaching. A qualitative pilot study was conducted with 30 language teachers working in disadvantaged neighborhoods in İstanbul, Turkey with the purpose of finding out their reflective practices on the development of a sense of agency. The data was analyzed and interpreted from the basis of “professionalism and teacher identity” and provisional insights are provided for policy makers, teachers, administrators and leaders at various levels in schools and faculties of education that we believe will contribute to the literature on teacher agencies and professionalization in the field of second/foreign language teaching.
Cottontail Rabbit Papillomavirus E1 and E2 Proteins Mutually Influence Their Subcellular Localizations
Authors: Schneider Markus , Yigitliler Aylin , Stubenrauch Frank , Iftner Thomas
Published: August 2018

Papillomaviruses encode the DNA-binding E1 and E2 proteins, which form a complex and are essential for genome replication. Both proteins are targeted to the nucleus via nuclear localization signals. Our studies have uncovered that cytoplasmic mutant E1 or E2 proteins can be localized to the nucleus when E1 or E2 is also present. An interaction between E1 and E2 is necessary to target cytoplasmic E1 mutant proteins to the nucleus, but cytoplasmic E2 mutant proteins can be targeted to the nucleus without a direct interaction, which points to a novel function of E1.
The lattice of flats of a boolean representable simplicial complex
Authors: Margolis Stuart , Rhodes John , Silva Pedro V.
Published: August 2018

It is shown that the lattices of flats of boolean representable simplicial complexes are always atomistic, but semimodular if and only if the complex is a matroid. A canonical construction is introduced for arbitrary finite atomistic lattices, providing a characterization of the lattices of flats of boolean representable simplicial complexes and a decidability condition. We remark that every finite lattice occurs as the lattice of flats of some simplicial complex.
Blockchain: A Survey on Functions, Applications and Open Issues
Authors: Lu Yang
Published: August 2018

The prosperity of Bitcoin has given rise to widespread attention and in-depth research on blockchains. The blockchain provides the fundamental technology for the decentralization, openness, security, independence, anonymity, integrity, and authenticity of diversified applications. The literature selected are mainly from IEEE papers and conference proceedings. This paper deeply analyzes the basic features and categories of blockchain and delineates the practical applications. The aim is to find the development prospects of blockchains through analysis of existing applications and technologies.
Impact of time-triggered transmission window placement on rate-constrained traffic in TTEthernet networks
Authors: Heilmann Florian , Fohler Gerhard
Published: August 2018

Safety-critical Ethernet-based networks are receiving significant attention in avionics, automotive and industrial domains. Time-Triggered Ethernet (TTEthernet AS6802) provides safety-critical transmission guarantees via a high priority, time-triggered (TT) traffic class and a lower priority, rate-constrained (RC) traffic class. TT traffic is transmitted between synchronized nodes of a TTEthernet network in offline scheduled TT transmission windows. In this work, we analyze the impact of different placement strategies for these TT transmission windows on end-to-end delay and jitter of RC messages on the same path segment. We show that, depending on the placement of TT transmission windows in a schedule, the end-to-end delay and jitter of RC messages can vary significantly. We further introduce link-based offsets, a new placement strategy for TT transmission windows which allows to reduce the impact of TT transmission windows on RC traffic. In this strategy offsets are applied to all TT transmission windows in a physical link schedule to reduce the amount of time that an RC message on the same physical link is delayed by TT traffic. The link-based offsets strategy can be implemented in the TTEthernet scheduler and does not require hardware modifications. We show that the link-based offset strategy can reduce the end-to-end delay and jitter of RC traffic, and evaluate our claims using an
OMNET++
simulation.
on the role of air-sea interaction in the development of cyclones
Authors: Pyke Charles B.
Published: August 2018

It is suggested that an important mechanism contributing to oceanic cyclone development is the exchange of sensible and latent heat from the ocean to the atmosphere during periods of strong outbreak of cold continental air. Rapid oceanic development frequently occurs off the east coasts of continents in winter but is also periodically observed elsewhere, such as in the Gulf of Alaska. One case of explosive cyclone deepening in the Gulf of Alaska occurred in February 1950. This case, studied from the standpoints of barotropic deepening, atmospheric heating, air-sea exchange, and the cyclone models of Petterssen, is compared to other cases of similar development, particularly with respect to the importance of air-sea interaction in the growth of these storms.
meteorological satellite data: archiving and availability
Authors: Pyle Robert L.
Published: August 2018

The U. S. Weather Bureau makes copies of meteorological satellite data available to all as soon as feasible after acquisition. Archiving picture data has introduced new problems in controlling resolution and gray scale, which are quality factors not encountered in archiving digital weather data.

Copies of satellite pictures are obtainable from the Weather Bureau's National Weather Records Center in 35 mm roll film format. Pictures from recent and future near-polar orbiting satellites are also obtainable as assemblages on 8½ × 11 inch sheet film. Catalogues of picture data from each satellite describe data available and assist in determining geographical location of pictures. TIROS medium-resolution radiation data are archived on digital magnetic tape, and are obtainable as tape copies, or in various printed formats.

The Weather Bureau's TOS operational satellite system will begin in early 1966. Data processing procedures will be designed to satisfy operational needs, but all data will be archived in formats developed for TIROS or Nimbus, and with increased emphasis on digitized picture data.
supercooled fog dispersal for airport operations
Authors: Beckwith W. Boynton
Published: August 2018

The capability of dissipating supercooled fogs by aircraft seeding has been recognized since Schaefer experimented in 1946. Except for some localized application of this weather control and some side effects of research aimed at precipitation increase, no organized program of airport weather improvement was established in the United States until 1963. Seeding of supercooled fogs by dry ice was organized during two winters for the purpose of increasing airline schedule reliability at airports subjected to this cold fog. Better than 80% success was attained by this method, resulting in the operation of approximately 200 scheduled flights which would otherwise have been canceled. Typical examples of visibility improvement after less than an hour of seeding are illustrated. The direct benefits resulting from these programs outweigh the costs significantly and suggest that similar fog dispersal operations should be expanded to other areas of the United States which are subjected to supercooled fogs.
belling the CAT in the sky
Authors: Dutton John A.
Published: August 2018

The CAT in the sky, which has created a variety of problems since aviation began, is being attacked by an extensive measurement program sponsored by the United States Air Force under the code name ALLCAT.

Clear air turbulence data gathering programs at all altitudes important to modern aviation are described, and some of the meteorological applications of the data are pointed out. It is shown how a properly instrumented airplane can be used to obtain actual gust velocities. The power spectral and exceedance statistics methods used to incorporate gust measurement data in aircraft design procedure are summarized and illustrated.

The article concludes that the program will be an important step in taming all the CATS.
Efficacy and safety of oral targeted therapies in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Zheng Ya‐guo , Ma Hong , Chen Liang , Jiang Xiao‐min , Zhou Ling , Lin Song , Chen Shao‐liang
Published: August 2018

Oral targeted therapies play an important role in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Several new oral agents have emerged for PAH in recent years. However, whether they provide a survival advantage is still not clear. This meta‐analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of oral targeted therapies, especially on predefined clinical worsening events. Trials were searched in the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PUBMED databases through June 2018. We calculated risk ratios for dichotomous data and weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for continuous data. Twenty‐five trials with a total of 6847 participants were included in the meta‐analysis. Oral targeted therapies were associated with significant risk reduction in clinical worsening compared with placebo (relative risk [RR] 0.64; 95% CI = 0.58–0.70; P < 0.001). This reduction in risk was driven by reduction in non‐fatal endpoints, including PAH‐related admissions to hospital (RR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.56–0.76; P < 0.001), treatment escalation (RR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.28–0.66; P < 0.001), and symptomatic progression (RR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.48–0.64; P < 0.001), but not by reduction of mortality (RR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.68–1.12; P = 0.215). Oral targeted therapies were also associated with improvement in 6‐min walk distance (26.62 m; 95% CI = 20.54–32.71; P < 0.001) and World Health Organization functional class (RR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.20–1.54; P < 0.001). The results of this meta‐analysis showed the benefits of oral treatments on clinical worsening events in PAH. However, these oral agents did not show any survival benefit in the short‐term follow‐up.
Coronary endothelial function and spontaneous coronary artery dissection
Authors: Waterbury Thomas M , Tweet Marysia S , Hayes Sharonne N , Prasad Abhiram , Lerman Amir , Gulati Rajiv
Published: August 2018

Objectives:

To investigate the role of endothelial function in patients with previous spontaneous coronary artery dissection.

Background:

Mechanisms underlying spontaneous coronary artery dissection, including a possible contribution from endothelial dysfunction, remain poorly understood.

Methods:

This was a single center, retrospective study of patients with a prior spontaneous coronary artery dissection episode who underwent invasive endothelial function testing in the cardiac catheterization laboratory for evaluation of recurrent chest pain. Coronary epicardial and microvascular responses to acetylcholine, adenosine, and nitroglycerine were assessed. Findings were compared to a reference group of normal controls ( n=232).

Results:

A total of 10 patients with prior angiographically confirmed spontaneous coronary artery dissection were referred for coronary endothelial function testing. The median coronary flow reserve was 2.8 (interquartile range (IQR) 2.3, 3.6). The median change in coronary diameter with acetylcholine was −0.9% (IQR −23.9, 4.2). The median increase in peak coronary blood flow following acetylcholine administration was 91.4% (IQR 9.1, 105.7), which was similar to the response observed in a reference group of patients (median age 51 years, 96% women) from our laboratory with normal microvascular responses to acetylcholine: 107.4% (IQR 75.5, 165.7; P=0.20). Four patients (40%) had an abnormal microvascular response to acetylcholine, with less than a 50% increase in coronary blood flow, and all but one patient had left anterior descending artery or multivessel spontaneous coronary artery dissection.

Conclusion:

Coronary epicardial and microvascular vasomotor dysfunction is not a predominant feature of spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Endothelial dysfunction is not implicated as the principal underlying mechanism.
Water ways
Authors: Russell Meredith Jones
Published: August 2018

Children aren't drinking enough fluid and access to water is reportedly in decline, finds Meredith Jones Russell
Small wonder?
Authors: Howe Rachel
Published: August 2018

Becoming an older sibling can be difficult for children to deal with. Rachel Howe explores how practitioners and parents can help
Uso do solo e a qualidade da água subterrânea: estudo de caso do aquífero Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil
Authors: Franco Alexsande De Oliveira , Arcos Frank Oliveira , Pereira Jessiane Da Silva
Published: August 2018

Os aquíferos são distribuídos em todo território amazônico, as águas subterrâneas são abundantes e são recursos estratégicos. No estado do Acre, em especial na cidade de Rio Branco, encontra-se o aquífero com mesmo nome da cidade. O respectivo aquífero é importante reserva hídrica da cidade, no entanto, com a expansão urbana e as diferentes formas de uso do solo sobre a área do lençol subterrâneo ocorrem potenciais impactos negativos. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da água do aquífero Rio Branco nos bairros Vila Acre e Cidade Nova, bem como o uso do solo nos respectivos bairros. Para tanto, utilizou-se a coleta de água diretamente nos poços do aquífero dos bairros Cidade Nova e Vila Acre. A análise das amostras foi realizada em laboratório levando em consideração características físicas, químicas e biológicas da água. Os aquíferos são importantes para as cidades, no entanto muitos possuem vulnerabilidade alta e contaminação torna-se iminente. Avaliar essas variáveis torna-se relevante.
Human Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Shows Local Increases in Low-Frequency Oscillations and Global Decreases in High-Frequency Oscillations Compared to Resting Wakefulness
Authors: Baird Benjamin , Castelnovo Anna , Riedner Brady A. , Lutz Antoine , Ferrarelli Fabio , Boly Melanie , Davidson Richard J. , Tononi Giulio
Published: August 2018

It is often assumed that during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep the cerebral cortex homogenously shows electroencephalogram (EEG) activity highly similar to wakefulness. However, to date no studies have compared neural oscillatory activity in human REM sleep to resting wakefulness with high spatial sampling. In the current study, we evaluated high-resolution topographical changes in neural oscillatory power between both early and late naturalistic REM sleep and resting wakefulness in adult humans. All-night recordings with 256-channel high-density EEG (hd-EEG) were collected in healthy volunteers (N= 12). Topographic analysis revealed that, compared to wake, both the first and last cycle of REM sleep were associated with increased low-frequency oscillations in local central and occipital regions. In contrast, high-frequency activity in both α and β bands (8–20 Hz) was globally decreased during both early and late REM sleep cycles compared to wakefulness. No significant differences in topographic power in any frequency band were observed between REM sleep cycles occurring early and late in the night. We replicated these findings in an independent dataset (N= 33). Together, our findings show that human REM sleep shows consistent topographical changes in oscillatory power across both early and late sleep cycles compared to resting wakefulness.
Hak Konstitusional Warga Negara Dalam Beragama
Authors: Yunus Nur Rohim
Published: August 2018

Agama-agama resmi di Indonesia dijamin keberadaannya oleh negara dengan adanya regulasi Undang-Undang Nomor 1/PNPS/1965 tentang Pencegahan Penyalahgunaan Dan/Atau Penodaan Agama. Namun anehnya masih ada beberapa kelompok yang ingin menghapuskan sebagian atau keseluruhan dari isi undang-undang tersebut. Seperti misalnya Musdah Mulia bersama 7 LSM yang pernah mengajukan Judicial Review terkait Undang-Undang Nomor 1/PNPS/1965 tersebut, sehingga kemudian menimbulkan pro dan kontra di tengah masyarakat. Salah satu dasar gugatannya diantaranya adanya ketidakpastian hukum, sehingga dianggap menjadi alat penekan kelompok mayoritas untuk memaksakan kebenaran kepada kelompok minoritas. DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v1i1.8198
Macan Ompong Regulasi Penyelesaian Kasus Insider Trading
Authors: Romlah Siti
Published: August 2018

Kejahatan insider trading bukan hal asing lagi di telinga masyarakat, terutama bagi mereka yang telah terbiasa dalam dunia investasi. Insider trading (penjualan orang dalam) adalah  trading of a public company’s stock or other securities (such as bonds or stock options) by individuals with access to non-public information about company. Insider Trading merupakan kejahatan yang paling sering terdengar, tak heran bila Munir Fuadi menyatakan bahwa tingkat kesulitan penegakan hukum kejahatan tersebut telah dikategorikan sebagai salah satu jenis white colar crime.DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v1i1.8201
Fonomena Korupsi Dalam Pemilihan Umum
Authors: Latifah Latifah
Published: August 2018

Indonesia yang menganut paham demokrasi dalam sistem politiknya, tentu  pemilihan umum menjadi salah satu cara melibatkan rakyat dalam berpartisipasi untuk menjalankan pemerintahan Indonesia, selain menjadi sarana penyalur hak Sosial Politiknya sebagai warga negara. Pemilu merupakan tahap penting dalam merepresentasikan perpolitikan di negara Indonesia, dengan memilih wakil rakyat untuk dijadikan pemerintah. Pemerintah yang terpilih diharapkan mampu menjalankan segala kepentingan publik, demi memajukan kesejahteraan negara dan menyelesaikan berbagai macam problematika yang terjadi di dalam negeri.