bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifunctionality is affected by interactions between green roof plant species, substrate depth, and substrate type
Authors: Dusza Yann , Barot Sébastien , Kraepiel Yvan , Lata Jean‐Christophe , Abbadie Luc , Raynaud Xavier
Published: March 2017

Green roofs provide ecosystem services through evapotranspiration and nutrient cycling that depend, among others, on plant species, substrate type, and substrate depth. However, no study has assessed thoroughly how interactions between these factors alter ecosystem functions and multifunctionality of green roofs. We simulated some green roof conditions in a pot experiment. We planted 20 plant species from 10 genera and five families (Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Crassulaceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae) on two substrate types (natural vs. artificial) and two substrate depths (10 cm vs. 30 cm). As indicators of major ecosystem functions, we measured aboveground and belowground biomasses, foliar nitrogen and carbon content, foliar transpiration, substrate water retention, and dissolved organic carbon and nitrates in leachates. Interactions between substrate type and depth strongly affected ecosystem functions. Biomass production was increased in the artificial substrate and deeper substrates, as was water retention in most cases. In contrast, dissolved organic carbon leaching was higher in the artificial substrates. Except for the Fabaceae species, nitrate leaching was reduced in deep, natural soils. The highest transpiration rates were associated with natural soils. All functions were modulated by plant families or species. Plant effects differed according to the observed function and the type and depth of the substrate. Fabaceae species grown on natural soils had the most noticeable patterns, allowing high biomass production and high water retention but also high nitrate leaching from deep pots. No single combination of factors enhanced simultaneously all studied ecosystem functions, highlighting that soil–plant interactions induce trade‐offs between ecosystem functions. Substrate type and depth interactions are major drivers for green roof multifunctionality.
Spatial scale mediates the effects of biodiversity on marine primary producers
Authors: Bracken Matthew E. S. , Douglass James G. , Perini Valerie , Trussell Geoffrey C.
Published: March 2017

Most studies evaluating the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning are conducted at a single location, limiting our understanding of how diversity–function relationships may change when measured across different spatial scales. We conducted a species‐removal experiment at three sites nested in each of three regions along the rocky intertidal coastline of the Gulf of Maine, USA, to evaluate the potential for scale‐dependent effects of species loss on the biomass of intertidal seaweed assemblages. We randomly assigned 50 plots in the mid‐intertidal zone at each site to one of five treatments (n = 10 plots each): an unmanipulated control, a polyculture plot that contained our three target seaweed species, and three monoculture plots. We manipulated diversity by removing all non‐target species from monoculture and polyculture plots, then removing additional biomass from polyculture plots, proportionate to species' relative abundances, so that the average amount removed from monoculture and polyculture plots was equivalent at each site. At the largest spatial scale, all sites considered together, after accounting for region and site nested within region seaweed diversity had consistent, positive effects on seaweed cover. Diverse polyculture plots always had higher cover than was predicted by the average performance of the component seaweed species and usually had higher cover than even the best‐performing component species. Diversity effects weakened and became less consistent at smaller spatial scales, so that at the scale of individual sites, diverse polycultures only performed better than the average of monocultures ~40% of the time. Hence, our results indicate that weak and/or inconsistent biodiversity effects at the level of individual sites may scale up to stronger, more consistent effects at larger spatial scales. Quantitative summaries of biodiversity experiments conducted at the scale of individual sites do not capture this spatial aspect of biodiversity effects and may therefore underestimate the functional consequences of biodiversity loss.
The potential role of p53 and MAPK pathways in the hepatotoxicity of deep‐fried oil and in resistant starch‐induced protection
Authors: Wang Yuyang , Zhou Zhongkai , Diao Yongjia , Strappe Padraig , Blanchard Chris
Published: March 2017

In this study, rats with a fresh oil diet, a deep‐fried oil diet, and a deep‐fried oil and resistant starch (RS) diet were investigated for revealing the effects of deep‐fried oil to the metabolic system and if RS could effectively attenuate metabolic dysfunction caused by deep‐fried oil. The results showed that DO feeding led to significant increases of liver biomarkers of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), accompanied by consistent reduction of total antioxidation (T‐AOC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity compared to the rats feeding with unheated canola oil (FO group) (p < 0.05). Liver histology of rats in DO group exhibited membrane blebbing and boundary ambiguity, indicating DO might exert significant hepatotoxic effects. However, RS intervention (DO‐RS group) significantly reversed these changes. Furthermore, the results in this study revealed that p53 and MAPK signaling pathways presented in the significantly enriched KEGG pathways list in FO versus DO group, but not in FO versus DO‐RS group, suggesting RS intervention modulated these two signaling pathways. This is the first study to investigate RS intervention on the attenuation of hepatotoxicity induced by DO intake in the dietary.

Practical applications: This study investigates the toxic effects of deep‐fried oil consumption on health, in particular on hepatic immune system and the related mechanisms involved in this process. The main target of this research work is to contribute with useful information of deep‐fried oil intake to the food industry and to find out effective ways to ameliorate the risk of deep‐fried oil diet.

A deep‐fried oil diet can cause hepatotoxicity; in contrast, rats fed a deep‐fried oil and RS diet are protected. The modulation of p53 and MAPK pathways might be one of the key regulations for RS intervention to attenuate liver dysfunction biomarkers (ALT and AST).
Behavior of lipophilic bioactives during olive oil processing
Authors: Seçmeler Özge , Güçlü Üstündağ Özlem
Published: March 2017

In the last few years, much attention has been paid to health effects of bioactive compounds in food products, their retention in the final product, accordingly optimization of food production design, and valorization of waste streams. One such food is olive oil, which contains hydrophilic, lipophilic, and amphiphilic bioactive compounds (phenols, squalene, phytosterols, tocopherols, etc.) having anticancer, anticholesterol, and antioxidant activities. These bioactives are distributed between the product and waste streams according to their solubility and mass transfer behavior and thermal stability during olive oil processing. This review focuses on the behavior of lipophilic bioactives, squalene, sterols, and tocopherols, during olive oil processing using a systematic approach. Herein their content in the olive fruit, distribution between its anatomic parts, and the effect of process methods and parameters on the lipophilic bioactive content of olive oil were reviewed. The loss of squalene, α‐tocopherol, and β‐sitosterol were calculated based on the process data available in the literature (19, 36, and 48%, respectively). Loss of β‐sitosterol and α‐tocopherol were higher than that of oil (2–20%) and squalene, which is explained considering the distribution of these compounds within the olive fruit and at the cellular level, and their interactions.

Practical applications: Findings of this review, particularly the information on the distribution of these bioactive compounds between olive oil and waste streams as affected by process parameters can be used to maximize their retention in olive oil and their recovery from waste streams. It was shown that olive pomace might be a good source of β‐sitosterol with potential applications in food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical sectors owing to its anticancer and cholesterol‐lowering activity. By considering the possible mechanisms of processing loss of β‐sitosterol and α‐tocopherol, as discussed in this review, new recovery techniques could be developed for these compounds.

The behavior of lipophilic bioactives, squalene, sterols, and tocopherols, during olive oil processing is reviewed using a systematic approach. Processing loss of β‐sitosterol and α‐tocopherol are higher than that of oil and squalene, which is explained considering the distribution of these compounds within the olive fruit and at the cellular level, and their interactions. By considering the possible mechanisms of processing loss of β‐sitosterol and α‐tocopherol, new techniques could be developed to maximize their retention in olive oil and their recovery from waste streams.
Selective Synthesis of Hetero‐Sequenced Aza‐Cyclophanes
Authors: Otte Matthias , Lutz Martin , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M.
Published: March 2017

The selective synthesis of purely organic cages with hetero‐sequenced functionalized cavities is demonstrated. The strategy to obtain these compounds is based on a stepwise approach using thermodynamically controlled imine condensations. To accomplish this, the amine building blocks carry additional azide groups, which act as masked amines and enable the synthesis of the desired cavities. This approach offers a precise control of interior functionalization, the substitution pattern and the cage size, which is demonstrated by the selective synthesis of four cages. The largest described cage has been investigated towards its ability for guest encapsulation and is able to selectively encapsulate functionalized arenes that offer a matching substitution pattern.
LncRNA MALAT‐1 Elevates HMGB1 to Promote Autophagy Resulting in Inhibition of Tumor Cell Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Gao Da , Lv Ai‐e , Li Hui‐Ping , Han Dong‐Hai , Zhang Ya‐Peng
Published: March 2017

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can participate in the pathological process of multiple myeloma (MM) via regulation of specific gene expression and function. This research aimed to study the role of MALAT‐1 and the underlying mechanism in MM. In this study, the expression of MALAT‐1 and HMGB1 protein in the bone marrow mononuclear cells from MM patients at different stages and in MM cell lines was determined by qRT‐PCR and western blot, respectively. The endogenous expression of MALAT‐1 and HMGB1 was modulated using lentivirus vectors transfection. CHX chase assay and RIP analyses were performed to explore the interaction between MALAT‐1 and HMGB1 in MM. Nude mouse xenograft was made and used for in vivo experiment study. The expression of MALAT‐1 and HMGB1 in the bone marrow mononuclear cells from patients with untreated multiple myeloma was dramatically increased, as well as in MM cell lines, KM3 and U266; while MALAT‐1 expression and HMGB1 protein level both decreased significantly in complete remission patients. Furthermore, MALAT‐1 knockdown facilitated the degradation of HMGB1 at the post‐translational level via increase of the ubiquitination of HMGB1 in MM cells. MALAT‐1 was shown to promote autophagy in MM through upregulation of HMGB1. In vivo, MALAT‐1 knockdown could inhibit tumor growth significantly in tumor‐bearing mice and reduced the protein expressions of HMGB1, Beclin‐1, and LC3B in tumor tissues. LncRNA MALAT‐1 increases the expression level of HMGB1 in MM thereby promotes autophagy resulting in the inhibition of apoptosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3341–3348, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Macroanatomic, light, and electron microscopic examination of pecten oculi in the seagull (Larus canus)
Authors: Ince Nazan Gezer , Onuk Burcu , Kabak Yonca Betil , Alan Aydin , Kabak Murat
Published: March 2017

The present study was conducted to determine macroanatomic characteristic as well as light and electron microscopic examination (SEM) of pecten oculi and totally 20 bulbus oculi belonging to 10 seagulls (Larus canus) were used. Pecten oculi formations consisted of 18 to 21 pleats and their shape looked like a snail. Apical length of the pleats forming pecten oculi were averagely measured as 5.77 ± 0.56 mm, retina‐dependent base length was 9.01 ± 1.35 mm and height was measured as 6.4 ± 0.62 mm. In pecten oculi formations which extend up to 1/3 of the bulbus oculi, two different vascular formations were determined according to thickness of the vessel diameter. Among these, vessels with larger diameters which are less than the others in count were classified as afferent and efferent vessels, smaller vessels which are greater in size were classified as capillaries. Furthermore, the granules which were observed intensely in apical side of the pleats of pecten oculi were observed to distribute randomly along the plica.
Synthesis and Anti‐allergic Activity of Bis‐heteroaryl Hydrazines
Authors: Putta Ramachandra Reddy , Donthamsetty V Sowmya , Guda Dinneswara Reddy , Adivireddy Padmaja , Venkatapuram Padmavathi
Published: March 2017

The bis(oxazolyl and/or thiazolyl)hydrazines were prepared, and their anti‐allergic activity was studied. All the compounds displayed variable extent of anti‐allergic activity on immunoglobulin E/silver‐stimulated RBL‐2H3 cells at 50 and 100 μM concentrations. The unsubstituted and chlorosubstituted compounds showed higher activity than those having methyl substituent. Compounds 9c and 10c do not cause cytotoxicity of the cells at 50 and 100 μM and also significantly inhibit β‐hexosaminidase release stimulated by immunoglobulin E/silver at 50 and 100 μM.
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus infection among Chilean women from 2012 to 2016
Authors: Vergara Nicolás , Espinoza Gloria , Balanda Monserrat , Quiero Andrea , Hidalgo Wilma , San Martín Héctor , Ramírez Alejandro , Ramírez Eugenio
Published: March 2017

Here, we evaluated the prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in two groups of Chilean women. The first group consisted of 3235 women aged 18‐64 years attended in six primary care centers of Santiago. The second group consisted of 456 women 18‐85 aged who consulted the Gynaecology Department of the Reference Hospital of Santiago. Samples were collected from October 2012 to February 2016. Cervical swabs were analyzed both HPV genotyping by PCR and Reverse Line Blot, and cervical cytology by Pap testing. Results showed a prevalence of 12.0% HPV positive, 10.3% high‐risk (HR) HPV types positive, 3.9% low‐risk (LR) HPV types positive, and 1.0% Pap positive in group 1. The most frequent types were 16, 66, and 59, with a prevalence of 3.0%, 1.6%, and 1.5%, respectively. The prevalence were 71.9% HPV positive, 67.3% HR‐HPV types positive, 13.6% LR‐HPV types positive, and 62.5% Pap positive in group 2. The most frequent types were 16, 31, and 58, with prevalence of 33.6%, 10.5%, and 7.0%, respectively. Among infected women with HPV: 7.6% were infected with HPV16 or HPV18, 3.0% with HPV31, HPV33 or HPV45, and 6.7% with any other HR‐HPV. These findings show great difference in HPV prevalence and types between primary care and reference center, and provide useful epidemiological information to assess the impact of HPV vaccination in the future.
Carrying capacity of wintering American black ducks in forested wetlands
Authors: Fino Samantha R. , Williams Christopher K. , Livolsi Mark C. , Ringelman Kevin M. , Coluccy John M. , Devers Patrick K. , Castelli Paul M.
Published: March 2017

Wintering populations of American black ducks (Anas rubripes) have declined throughout their range since the 1950s. Conservation for wintering black ducks is based largely on bioenergetic models of carrying capacity, and managers seek to provide wetlands with sufficient food energy to support target populations. Although the significance of salt marsh to wintering black ducks along the Atlantic Coast is well documented, forested wetlands are also used by wintering black ducks, and yet their foraging value and energetic potential is unknown. Therefore, quantifying the energetic value of forested wetlands is important for accurately estimating the carrying capacity of black ducks. We collected soil core samples from forested wetlands on Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge, Milton, Delaware in 2014 (n = 46) and Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, Galloway, New Jersey, USA in 2015 (n = 41) to estimate food biomass and quantify the energetic capacity of forested wetlands representative of the mid‐Atlantic region. We estimated the mean energetic value of forested wetlands as 84,667 ± 21,822 kcal/ha. Considering all forested wetlands that are potentially available to black ducks along the mid‐Atlantic Coast, we estimated that forested wetlands within a 24.1‐km distance from the coast provide between 103,696,524–192,678,224 duck‐use days supporting 489,135–908,860 black ducks over the 212 days of winter. Forested wetlands may be an important foraging resource for wintering black ducks, and our estimates of energetic value will help to refine bioenergetic models for black ducks in the Atlantic Flyway. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Successful marketing to adults starts with understanding needs
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: March 2017

CHICAGO — How does your university differentiate your marketing campaign and techniques to cater to adult students? How does marketing to traditional and nontraditional students differ, and how do you ensure that you're not alienating an important demographic to your university with your marketing techniques? “When you're marketing to adult learners, you have to shift the thinking of what the college experience actually looks like,” said Beth Doyle, vice president of LearningCounts. Doyle shared strategies and techniques for successfully marketing to adult learners at the annual Council for Adult and Experiential Learning conference.
Tell your institution's story through commencement communications
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: March 2017

As you prepare for the class of 2017 to walk across the stage, remember that commencement presents plenty of opportunities to share what your institution and programs are all about.
A unified formulation for free vibration of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite spherical panels and shells of revolution with general elastic restraints by means of the Rayleigh–Ritz method
Authors: Wang Qingshan , Pang Fuzhen , Qin Bin , Liang Qian
Published: March 2017

In this article, the free vibration of the functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite spherical panels and shells of revolution with general elastic restraints is analyzed on the basis of the first‐order shear deformation theory. First, the general boundary condition is simulated by using a set of artificial springs along all the edges and the “general” is obtained by changing the stiffness of the corresponding kinds of springs. Then, the admissible function is expressed by the improved Fourier series which is the combination of a standard double cosine Fourier series and several auxiliary functions introduced to remove all potential discontinuities of the original displacement and its derivatives at the edges. Finally, the equations of motion of the FG‐CNT reinforced composite spherical panels and shells of revolution with general boundary conditions are derived by extending the Rayleigh–Ritz method. For the validation of the present method, several comparison studies are conducted and its convergence is also checked meanwhile. In addition, the effect of the volume fraction of CNTs, distribution type of CNTs, boundary restraint parameters on the vibration characteristics are also presented. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E924–E944, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Intersubband absorption in Si‐ and Ge‐doped GaN/AlN heterostructures in self‐assembled nanowire and 2D layers
Authors: Ajay Akhil , Lim Caroline B. , Browne David A. , Polaczynski Jakub , Bellet‐Amalric Edith , den Hertog Martien I. , Monroy Eva
Published: March 2017

GaN/AlN is a promising material system for the development of an ultrafast intersubband technology operating at telecommunication wavelengths, thanks to the large conduction band offset and sub‐picosecond intraband relaxation time. In this paper, we explore short wavelength infrared intersubband transitions occurring in the conduction band of GaN/AlN heterostructures in both planar and nanowire (NW) geometries. We study the effect of Si and Ge doping in both quantum wells and NW heterostructures using the same active region thickness and dopant concentration. We demonstrate that both Si and Ge are suitable dopant candidates at a concentration of mid‐1019 cm−3 for the fabrication of intersubband devices based on planar and NW heterostructures.
Interface Engineering for Liquid‐Phase Crystallized‐Silicon Solar Cells on Glass
Authors: Preissler Natalie , Amkreutz Daniel , Sonntag Paul , Trahms Martina , Schlatmann Rutger , Rech Bernd
Published: March 2017

Liquid‐phase crystallization (LPC) of silicon is a suitable method to grow large grained poly‐crystalline silicon with wafer equivalent electronic quality on cheap glass substrates. Dielectric layers between glass and silicon (called interlayer) are not only crucial for the solar cell performance, but, they also provide wetting of the silicon during crystallization. So far, LPC‐Si samples based on interlayers grown with plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) were annealed prior to crystallization to remove hydrogen in order to prevent delamination during crystallization. However, this step increases manufacturing time and disables integrated processing without extended vacuum breaks. In this work, PECVD‐grown stacks with silicon oxide and silicon nitride, that is, SiOx/SiNx/SiOx (O/N/O), were developed aiming a high cell performance and a successful crystallization without prior annealing step. We found that the SiNx layer significantly influences adhesion and that an O/N/O stack with a nitrogen‐rich SiNx layer in which hydrogen is only bonded to nitrogen, that is, no Si–H bonds, provides wetting without annealing step. The total amount of bonded hydrogen in the SiNx film was not crucial. Finally, based on the presented O/N/O stack, LPC‐Si solar cells with almost 630 mV open circuit voltage and a conversion efficiency of up to 13.2% were obtained.
Hybrid Learning at the Community College
Authors: Snart Jason
Published: March 2017

This chapter discusses how the community college represents a potentially ideal educational setting for hybrid learning to thrive. The multimodal nature of hybrids, combining both online and face‐to‐face learning, affords the opportunity to engage students in a variety of ways. Further, many community college students can benefit from the flexibility offered by the hybrid model. At the same time, however, underprepared and first‐generation college students, many of whom depend on the community college's open access mission, can still take advantage of the face‐to‐face support available in the hybrid format.
Geschichte der Anorganischen Chemie
Authors: Schmidbaur Hubert
Published: March 2017

Helmut Werner, 2017, Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany. VII + 674 Seiten, 99,– Euro

Print   ISBN 978‐3‐527‐33887‐0

ePDF   ISBN 978‐3‐527‐33907‐5

ePub   ISBN 978‐3‐527‐69310‐8

Mobi   ISBN 978‐3‐527‐69309‐2

oBook   ISBN 978‐3‐527‐69300‐9
Variation for nitrogen use efficiency traits in current and historical great plains hard winter wheat
Authors: Guttieri Mary J. , Frels Katherine , Regassa Teshome , Waters Brian M. , Baenziger P. Stephen
Published: March 2017

Wheat genotypes that efficiently capture and convert available soil nitrogen into harvested grain protein are key to sustainably meeting the rising global demand for grain protein. The purposes of this study were: to characterize the genetic variation for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) traits within hard winter wheat adapted to the Great Plains of the United States and evaluate trends in the germplasm with year of release; to explore relationships among traits that may be used for selection within breeding programs; and to identify quantitative trait loci associated with NUE traits in this germplasm. NUE traits were measured in a panel of 299 hard winter wheat genotypes, representing historically important and contemporary germplasm, from across the growing region. Trials were grown in two years at two levels of nitrogen fertility. Genotype and genotype × year interaction effects were highly significant for NUE traits, while genotype × nitrogen rate interactions were non-significant. Strong genetic correlations of plant height and flowering date with NUE traits were observed. Wheat breeders have improved NUE: the subset of 183 genotypes that were released as cultivars after 1960 demonstrated significant trends with year of release for improved grain N yield, grain yield, nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and post-anthesis nitrogen uptake. In genome-wide association analyses, plant height and flowering date were important covariates in the mixed models, and plant height and flowering date substantially explained the variation in NUE traits in this germplasm. Marker-trait associations were identified that may prove useful in breeding.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers in oncological clinical trials: Current techniques and standardization challenges
Authors: Deng Jie , Wang Yi
Published: March 2017

Radiological imaging plays an important role in oncological trials to provide imaging biomarkers for disease staging, stratifying patients, defining dose setting, and evaluating the safety and efficacy of new candidate drugs and innovative treatment. This paper reviews the techniques of most commonly used quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) biomarkers (dynamic contrast enhanced, dynamic susceptibility contrast, and diffusion weighted imaging) and their applications in oncological trials. Challenges of incorporating qMRI biomarkers in oncological trials are discussed including understanding biological mechanisms revealed by MRI biomarkers, consideration of rigorous trial design and standardized implementation of qMRI protocols.
Mechanical performance of Cr-alloyed PM steel after different sintering and heat treatment operations
Authors: Bergman Ola , Chasoglou Dimitris , Dahlström Magnus
Published: March 2017

Main benefits of the PM technology versus conventional steel making processes in the manufacture of structural steel parts are high material utilization, low energy consumption and short production time. These benefits are fully exploited by choosing the right combination of material and processing route to get the required mechanical properties at a low production cost. Powder grades pre-alloyed with Cr are robust and cost effective materials which are suitable for high performance PM steel components. This paper presents mechanical properties of Cr-alloyed PM steel obtained after different processing routes, including high temperature sintering, sinter-hardening and heat treatment by low pressure carburizing. Static mechanical data are presented as well as results from plane bending fatigue tests. Microstructures are also shown and correlated with the mechanical properties obtained for the respective processing routes.
A NOTE ON TRIMALCHIO'S THREE (EQUALS TWO) LIBRARIES
Authors: Freudenburg Kirk
Published: March 2017

At Petron.Sat.48.4 Trimalchio makes a famous boast about owning three libraries:

tres bibliothecas habeo, unam Graecam, alteram Latinam.

I have three libraries: one Greek, another Latin.
Serum cytokine profile of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Sotirović J , Perić A , Vojvodić D , Baletić N , Zaletel I , Stanojević I , Erdoglija M , Milojević M
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate serum cytokine concentrations in healthy individuals and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Methods:

A total of 59 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients and 44 healthy controls were included. Multiplex analysis of interleukins 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 13 and 17 and interferon-gamma with respect to the presence of laryngeal carcinoma, tumour–node–metastasis T stage, nodal involvement and larynx subsite was performed.

Results:

Statistical analysis revealed no difference in serum cytokine levels between patients and healthy controls. The serum interleukin-12 concentration was significantly higher in patients with early (T1–2) than in those with late (T3–4) stage disease and without nodal involvement (p < 0.05). Serum interleukin-10 levels were significantly higher in T3–4 stage than in T1–2 stage patients (p < 0.05). Additionally, serum interleukin 10, 12 and 13 concentrations (p < 0.05) and interleukin-6 concentration (p < 0.01) were significantly higher in patients with T1–2 stage supraglottic vs glottic tumours.

Conclusion:

Serum cytokines level cannot be used as laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma markers. Progression from T1–2 to T3–4 stage is followed by decreased serum interleukin-12 levels and increased interleukin-10 levels. Nodal involvement is associated with lower serum interleukin-12 levels. In patients with early stage tumours, serum interleukin 6, 10, 12 and 13 concentrations are significantly higher in those with supraglottic vs glottic tumours.
Protests and Repression in New Democracies
Authors: Aytaç S. Erdem , Schiumerini Luis , Stokes Susan
Published: March 2017

Elected governments sometimes deal with protests by authorizing the police to use less-lethal tools of repression: water cannons, tear gas, rubber bullets, and the like. When these tactics fail to end protests and instead spark larger,backlash movements, some governments reduce the level of violence but others increase it, causing widespread injuries and loss of life. We study three recent cases of governments in new democracies facing backlash movements. Their decision to scale up or scale back police repression reflected the governments’ levels of electoral security. Secure governments with relatively unmovable majorities behind them feel freer to apply harsh measures. Less secure governments, those with volatile electoral support, contemplate that their hold on power might weaken should they inflict very harsh treatment on protesters; they have strong incentives to back down. Our original survey research and interviews with civilian authorities, police officials, and protest organizers in Turkey, Brazil, and Ukraine allow us to evaluate this explanation as well as a number of rival accounts. Our findings imply that elected governments that rest on very stable bases of support may be tempted to deploy tactics more commonly associated with authoritarian politics.
Integration ehemals forensisch untergebrachter Menschen
Authors: Konrad Michael
Published: March 2017

Zusammenfassung. Es ist möglich, psychisch kranke ehemalige forensische Patienten mit einem gut ausgebauten Regelangebot komplementärer Hilfen in die Gemeinde zu integrieren. Hierzu bedarf es einer verbindlichen Versorgungsverpflichtung und guter Kooperation mit der forensischen Klinik. Durch wachsende Erfahrung im Umgang mit ehemaligen MRV-Klienten sind die Dienste und Einrichtungen des Gemeindepsychiatrischen Verbunds in der Lage, mit aggressiven Handlungen umzugehen – auch mit denjenigen von Klienten ohne forensischen Voraufenthalt.
„Interkulturelle Kompetenz bedeutet, sich in die Perspektive des Anderen einzufühlen“
Authors: Müller Christoph
Published: March 2017

Zusammenfassung. Angehörigenarbeit zählt in den psychiatrischen Kliniken und Abteilungen seit vielen Jahren zum guten Ton. Doch nicht alle Angehörigen und Familien lassen sich quasi automatisch auf diese Angebote ein, insbesondere dann nicht, wenn unterschiedliche kulturelle Hintergründe aufeinanderstoßen.
The Malleability of Stereotype Effects on Spontaneous Trait	Inferences
Authors: Wang Meifang , Yang Feng
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Past research has demonstrated that perceivers are more likely to draw spontaneous trait inferences (STIs) from stereotype-consistent behaviors than from stereotype-inconsistent behaviors. Four studies were conducted to examine the moderating role of power in stereotype effects on STIs. Priming power using the scrambled sentence task, Study 1 found that high-power participants drew STIs from elderly stereotype-consistent but not from elderly stereotype-inconsistent sentences, while low-power participants did not draw STIs from elderly stereotype-consistent or stereotype-inconsistent behaviors. Study 2 replicated the findings of Study 1 by exploring the moderating role of power in gender stereotype effects on STIs. Measuring participants’ dispositional power via the Personal Sense of Power, Study 3 found that dispositional power also moderated the effects of gender stereotype on STIs. Study 4 found that compared with the baseline condition (no-power manipulation), the low-power condition inhibited STIs from stereotype-consistent behaviors, but the high-power condition did not facilitate STI formation from stereotype-consistent behaviors. The current study is the first to show that power influences the reliance on stereotypes when spontaneously inferring traits from behaviors.
Outstanding Student Paper Awards
Authors:   AGU
Published: March 2017

Winners of the 2016 Outstanding Student Paper Awards announced
Quantum size phenomena in single-crystalline bismuth nanostructures
Authors: Sedov Egor A. , Riikonen Kari-Pekka , Arutyunov Konstantin Yu.
Published: March 2017

Size-dependent quantization of energy spectrum of conducting electrons in solids leads to oscillating dependence of electronic properties on corresponding dimension(s). In conventional metals with typical energy Fermi EF ~ 1 eV and the charge carrier's effective masses m* of the order of free electron mass m0, the quantum size phenomena provide noticeable impact only at nanometer scales. Here we experimentally demonstrate that in single-crystalline semimetal bismuth nanostructures the electronic conductivity non-monotonously decreases with reduction of the effective diameter. In samples grown along the particular crystallographic orientation the electronic conductivity abruptly increases at scales of about 50 nm due to metal-to-insulator transition mediated by the quantum confinement effect. The experimental findings are in reasonable agreement with theory predictions. The quantum-size phenomena should be taken into consideration to optimize operation of the next generation of ultra-small quantum nanoelectronic circuits.
Erratum: Mammalian non-CG methylations are conserved and cell-type specific and may have been involved in the evolution of transposon elements
Authors: Guo Weilong , Zhang Michael Q. , Wu Hong
Published: March 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 32207; published online: 30 August 2016; updated: 15 March 2017 This Article contains an error in Table 1. ‘Mfg12y_Lis’ should appear in a single column under the heading ‘Brain’. The correct Table 1 appears below.
Rotational Effects of Nanoparticles for Cooling down Ultracold Neutrons
Authors: Tu Xiaoqing , Sun Guangai , Gong Jian , Liu Lijuan , Ren Yong , Gao Penglin , Wang Wenzhao , Yan H.
Published: March 2017

Due to quantum coherence, nanoparticles have very large cross sections when scattering with very cold or Ultracold Neutrons (UCN). By calculating the scattering cross section quantum mechanically at first, then treating the nanoparticles as classical objects when including the rotational effects, we can derive the associated energy transfer. We find that rotational effects could play an important role in slowing down UCN. In consequence, the slowing down efficiency can be improved by as much as ~40%. Since thermalization of neutrons with the moderator requires typically hundreds of collisions between them, a ~40% increase of the efficiency per collision could have a significant effect. Other possible applications, such as neutrons scattering with nano shells and magnetic particles,and reducing the systematics induced by the geometric phase effect using nanoparticles in the neutron Electric Dipole Moment (nEDM), are also discussed in this paper.
GEAR: A database of Genomic Elements Associated with drug Resistance
Authors: Wang Yin-Ying , Chen Wei-Hua , Xiao Pei-Pei , Xie Wen-Bin , Luo Qibin , Bork Peer , Zhao Xing-Ming
Published: March 2017

Drug resistance is becoming a serious problem that leads to the failure of standard treatments, which is generally developed because of genetic mutations of certain molecules. Here, we present GEAR (A database of G enomic E lements A ssociated with drug R esistance) that aims to provide comprehensive information about genomic elements (including genes, single-nucleotide polymorphisms and microRNAs) that are responsible for drug resistance. Right now, GEAR contains 1631 associations between 201 human drugs and 758 genes, 106 associations between 29 human drugs and 66 miRNAs, and 44 associations between 17 human drugs and 22 SNPs. These relationships are firstly extracted from primary literature with text mining and then manually curated. The drug resistome deposited in GEAR provides insights into the genetic factors underlying drug resistance. In addition, new indications and potential drug combinations can be identified based on the resistome. The GEAR database can be freely accessed through http://gear.comp-sysbio.org.
Correlations between TBL1XR1 and recurrence of colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Hongda , Xu Yunfei , Zhang Qun , Li Kangshuai , Wang Dawei , Li Shuo , Ning Shanglei , Yang Hui , Shi Weichen , Liu Zhaochen , Chen Yuxin
Published: March 2017

More than 25% localized CRC patients died from post-operative metastasis, and risk of metastasis varies among individuals due to the high heterogeneity of CRC. Therefore, figuring out potential biomarkers for disease recurrence would be invaluable to improve the follow-up efficiency and clinical treatment. Transducin (β)-like 1 X-linked receptor 1 (TBL1XR1) is a core component of the nuclear receptor corepressor complex, which functions as a repressive coregulatory factor for multiple transcription factors. The clinical significance of TBL1XR1 in CRC hasn’t been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the expression of TBL1XR1 in primary CRC tissues and liver metastases from TNM stage IV CRC patients, and found that its expression in primary tumor tissues was an independent prognostic factor for tumor recurrence. Thus, we enrolled another cohort including TNM stage I-III patients to further evaluate the relationship between TBL1XR1 expression and disease recurrence. Accordingly, high TBL1XR1 expression indicates poor disease-free survival of stage I-III CRC patients. Furthermore, we confirmed the importance of β-catenin signaling pathways in TBL1XR1-mediated CRC cell oncogenicity by clinical and cellular results. Our results emphasize the necessity of individual therapy decisions based on clinical biomarkers, especially for localized CRC patients who are not routinely treated with adjunctive chemotherapy.
Erratum: Sensory hypo-excitability in a rat model of fetal development in Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Berzhanskaya Julia , Phillips Marnie A. , Shen Jing , Colonnese Matthew T.
Published: March 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 30769; published online: 28 July 2016; updated: 15 March 2017 The original HTML version of this Article listed an incorrect Affiliation for all authors. The correct Affiliation is listed below: Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20037, United States.
Active and passive sexual roles that arise in Drosophila male-male courtship are modulated by dopamine levels in PPL2ab neurons
Authors: Chen Shiu-Ling , Chen Yu-Hui , Wang Chuan-Chan , Yu Yhu-Wei , Tsai Yu-Chen , Hsu Hsiao-Wen , Wu Chia-Lin , Wang Pei-Yu , Chen Lien-Cheng , Lan Tsuo-Hung , Fu Tsai-Feng
Published: March 2017

The neurology of male sexuality has been poorly studied owing to difficulties in studying brain circuitry in humans. Dopamine (DA) is essential for both physiological and behavioural responses, including the regulation of sexuality. Previous studies have revealed that alterations in DA synthesis in dopaminergic neurons can induce male-male courtship behaviour, while increasing DA levels in the protocerebral posteriolateral dopaminergic cluster neuron 2ab (PPL2ab) may enhance the intensity of male courtship sustainment in Drosophila. Here we report that changes in the ability of the PPL2ab in the central nervous system (CNS) to produce DA strongly impact male-male courtship in D. melanogaster. Intriguingly, the DA-synthesizing abilities of these neurons appear to affect both the courting activities displayed by male flies and the sex appeal of male flies for other male flies. Moreover, the observed male-male courtship is triggered primarily by target motion, yet chemical cues can replace visual input under dark conditions. This is interesting evidence that courtship responses in male individuals are controlled by PPL2ab neurons in the CNS. Our study provides insight for subsequent studies focusing on sexual circuit modulation by PPL2ab neurons.
Oral health in relation to all-cause mortality: the IPC cohort study
Authors: Adolph Margaux , Darnaud Christelle , Thomas Frédérique , Pannier Bruno , Danchin Nicolas , Batty G. David , Bouchard Philippe
Published: March 2017

We evaluated the association between oral health and mortality. The study population comprised 76,188 subjects aged 16–89 years at recruitment. The mean follow-up time was 3.4 ± 2.4 years. Subjects with a personal medical history of cancer or cardiovascular disease and death by casualty were excluded from the analysis. A full-mouth clinical examination was performed in order to assess dental plaque, dental calculus and gingival inflammation. The number of teeth and functional masticatory units <5 were recorded. Causes of death were ascertained from death certificates. Mortality risk was evaluated using Cox regression model with propensity score calibrated for each oral exposure. All-cause mortality risk were raised with dental plaque, gingival inflammation, >10 missing teeth and functional masticatory units <5. All-cancer mortality was positively associated with dental plaque and gingival inflammation. Non-cardiovascular and non-cancer mortality were also positively associated with high dental plaque (HR = 3.30, [95% CI: 1.76–6.17]), high gingival inflammation (HR = 2.86, [95% CI: 1.71–4.79]), >10 missing teeth (HR = 2.31, [95% CI: 1.40–3.82]) and functional masticatory units <5 (HR = 2.40 [95% CI 1.55–3.73]). Moreover, when ≥3 oral diseases were cumulated in the model, the risk increased for all-cause mortality (HR = 3.39, [95% CI: 2.51–5.42]), all-cancer mortality (HR = 3.59, [95% CI: 1.23–10.05]) and non-cardiovascular and non-cancer mortality (HR = 4.71, [95% CI: 1.74–12.7]). The present study indicates a postive linear association between oral health and mortality.
Criticality-Enhanced Magnetocaloric Effect in Quantum Spin Chain Material Copper Nitrate
Authors: Xiang Jun-Sen , Chen Cong , Li Wei , Sheng Xian-Lei , Su Na , Cheng Zhao-Hua , Chen Qiang , Chen Zi-Yu
Published: March 2017

In this work, a systematic study of Cu(NO3)2·2.5 H2O (copper nitrate hemipentahydrate, CN), an alternating Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain model material, is performed with multi-technique approach including thermal tensor network (TTN) simulations, first-principles calculations, as well as magnetization measurements. Employing a cutting-edge TTN method developed in the present work, we verify the couplings J = 5.13 K, α = 0.23(1) and Landé factors g∥= 2.31, g⊥ = 2.14 in CN, with which the magnetothermal properties have been fitted strikingly well. Based on first-principles calculations, we reveal explicitly the spin chain scenario in CN by displaying the calculated electron density distributions, from which the distinct superexchange paths are visualized. On top of that, we investigated the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in CN by calculating its isentropes and magnetic Grüneisen parameter. Prominent quantum criticality-enhanced MCE was uncovered near both critical fields of intermediate strengths as 2.87 and 4.08 T, respectively. We propose that CN is potentially a very promising quantum critical coolant.
Phosphorylated eIF2α predicts disease-free survival in triple-negative breast cancer patients
Authors: Guo Liang , Chi Yayun , Xue Jingyan , Ma Linxiaoxi , Shao Zhiming , Wu Jiong
Published: March 2017

Phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), which functions as a marker of endoplasmic reticulum stress, has been reported to be associated with patient prognosis in various cancers. However, little is known about the prognostic value of p-eIF2α in breast cancer, particularly in different breast cancer subtypes. An immunohistochemistry screen for p-eIF2α was performed using a tissue microarray containing 233 tumors and paired peritumoral tissues from female patients diagnosed with breast cancer. The staining results were scored semiquantitatively, and the p-eIF2α expression level in breast cancer and its potential prognostic value were investigated. In this retrospective cohort study, we found that p-eIF2α levels were significantly upregulated in breast cancer (P < 0.001). p-eIF2α level was negatively correlated with lymph node status (P = 0.039). Survival analysis by Kaplan–Meier estimation and Cox regression showed that p-eIF2α level was correlated with better disease free survival (P = 0.026) and served as an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.046) in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Our study revealed that p-eIF2α was upregulated in breast cancer and represented a novel predictor of prognosis in patients with triple-negative subtype.
Enhanced sealing strength of a hydrophobically-modified Alaska pollock gelatin-based sealant
Authors: Mizuno Y. , Mizuta R. , Hashizume M. , Taguchi T.
Published: March 2017

A novel tissue sealant composed of hydrophobically-modified Alaska pollock gelatin and polyethylene glycol-based crosslinker showed higher sealing effect than commercially available tissue sealant.
Temperature dependence of photocatalytic CO2reduction by trans(Cl)–Ru(bpy)(CO)2Cl2: activation energy difference between CO and formate production
Authors: Ishida Hitoshi , Sakaba Akihiko
Published: March 2017

The temperature dependence of photocatalytic CO2reduction bytrans(Cl)–Ru(bpy)(CO)2Cl2(bpy: 2,2′-bipyridine) has been researched in ethanol (EtOH)/N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) solutions containing [Ru(bpy)3]2+(a photosensitizer) and 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH, an electron donor). The catalytic system efficiently reduces CO2to carbon monoxide (CO) with formate (HCOO−) as a minor product. The mechanism of the catalysis consists of the electron-relay cycle and the catalytic cycle: in the former cycle the photochemically generated reduced species of the photosensitizer injects an electron to the catalyst, and in the latter the catalyst reduces CO2. At a low concentration of the catalyst (5.0 μM), where the catalytic cycle is rate-determining, the temperature dependence of CO/HCOO−is also dependent on the EtOH contents: the selectivity of CO/HCOO−decreases in 20% and 40%-EtOH/DMA with increasing temperature, while it increases in 60%-EtOH/DMA. The temperature dependence of the CO/HCOO−selectivity indicates that the difference in activation energy (ΔΔG‡) between CO and HCOO−production is estimated asca.3.06 kJ mol−1in 40%-EtOH/DMA at 298 K.
PEGylation corannulene enhances response of stress through promoting neurogenesis
Authors: Li Xinyu , Sun Dandan , Li Xu , Zhu Dashuai , Jia Zhenzhen , Jiao Jiajia , Wang Kai , Kong Deling , Zhao Xin , Xu Lin , Zhao Qiang , Chen Dongyan , Feng Xizeng
Published: March 2017

The synthesized PEGylation corannulene nanoparticles was examined in neural functions, which have effects on improving behavioral response to stress and promoting neurogenesis.