bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tracing Geological Stories: A Geotrail Study in Purwodadi Village, Tirtoyudo District, Malang Regency
Authors: Ketut Ari Pegatariana I , Susilo Adi , Aprilia Faridha , Hangga Triyo Eko Putro Bayu
Published: December 2024

Purwodadi Village of the Tirtoyudo District, Malang Regency was recognized as one of the 75 recipients of the Indonesian Tourism Village Award (ADWI) in 2023. To identify tourism potential in this area, it is an important to develop geology-based tourism, or geotourism. The study area is located in the Southern Mountain Zone, which mainly consists of the Old Andesite Formation (OAF), Paleogene to Neogene Period in ages. The OAF has a unique features and diverse composition of geological elements, as well as their geological history. However, they were undergone erosion, making them vulnerable to degradation. The diverse geological features of the region provide a unique chance to establish geotrails, which could become a significant attraction for geotourism. Therefore, the aim of this research is to characterize and assess geosites and geotrails in Purwodadi Village. The methodology were followed the Technical Standards for Geological Diversity Inventory and Geological Heritage Identification issued by the Geological Agency in 2017, along with a 4A tourism development analysis (Attraction, Accessibility, Amenities, Ancillary) to evaluate key aspects that influence the attractiveness and success of a geotourism destination. The results indicate that nine geosites have been identified with moderate to outstanding values, namely, Watu Kuning, Kedung Paimo, Lenggoksono Beach, Banyu Anjlok, Kletakan Cove, Bolu-Bolu Beach, Wedi Putih Beach, Wedi Awu Beach, and Lowo Cave. The main theme of geotrails in Purwodadi Village is Ancient Volcanic Traces of The Old Andesite Formation, with divided into three routes, northern route, western route, and eastern route. This finding provide valuable insights for the sustainable management of geotrails, focusing on the development of geotourism and the conservation of geological heritage in Purwodadi Village and its surroundings.
Jagoan : Transportation Digitalization Innovation Through Application-Based Geotrail Development to Creat a Tourism Center of Excellent in the Geopark of Pasuruan Distric
Authors: Yudhi Koswara, ST., MT. Arwi , Aulya Zahra Shauma , Kartika Audya Rachma Dina , Bernadetha Munthe Sarida , Avelia Tifani Disi , Fatmala Ella , Firda Novianti Nazilla , Hanuf Puspitasari Al , Rizqiina Putri Hidayat Thabita
Published: December 2024

Bromo Tengger Semeru Geopark is one of the well-known tourist destinations included in the National Tourism Strategic Area in Pasuruan Regency. As for the Regional Medium-term Development Plan of East Java Province 2019-2024, the Bromo Tengger Semeru Geopark is included in the priority program for developing the National Tourism Strategic Area through increasing geotrail site connectivity and developing a tourism center of excellence. However, the implementation of this program has not been well integrated due to limited access to information and transportation regarding tourist variations gate, and alternative transportation routes. This makes tourists only focus on Mount Bromo caldera tourism, resulting in fewer visitation to geo-site tourist destinations, biodiversity tourism, and cultural tourism around aspiring national geopark. For this reason, it would be beneficial if tourists could access and obtain information regarding all variations of geopark tourism destination in one mobile application called JAGOAN. This application provides a tour package selection feature along with travel schedules, and alternative transportation routes (geotrail) which are integrated with google map directions, booking and reservations, geopark events, weather conditions, and other important information in real-time. The scenarios for tourist visits in the National Tourism Strategic Area and geo-trails were analyzed using scoring and network analysis methods. Meanwhile, making an application prototype involves the process of feature planning, creating user flow, sketching lofi, creating digital designs, and prototyping. It is hoped that the results of the analysis of determining geotrail routes and developing application-based tourism will make it easier for tourists to obtain information so that they can increase tourist visits to support the realization of a tourism center of excellence in the Bromo Tengger Semeru Aspiring Geopark, Pasuruan Regency.
Geological Disaster Hazard Mapping Based on Geoheritage: A Case Study of the Batur UNESCO Global Geopark
Authors: Bagus Oka Agastya Ida , Diyan Diwyastra Putu , Hespiantoro Suryo , Ariana Dewa
Published: December 2024

Batur UNESCO Global Geopark, as the first UNESCO geopark in Indonesia, has been established for 12 years. However, throughout its journey, the area still faces various challenges, particularly in disaster risk reduction efforts. As a geopark focused on active volcanoes, Batur UGGp is not only confronted with the potential hazards of geological disasters such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides but also with the risk of degradation of geoheritage due to these disasters. Nonetheless, the area also holds significant potential as a promising tourist destination in Indonesia. To strengthen disaster risk reduction efforts in the geopark area, in-depth research on geoheritage and its relationship with geological disaster hazards is essential. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method, applying geoheritage assessments from the Geological Agency and creating hazard maps for geosites in Batur UGGp using QuantumGIS. The analysis of 21 geosites in Batur UGGp reveals that volcanic eruptions are the dominant disaster threat, with 15 geosites located in high-risk zone I, while the remaining are in risk zones II and III. Additionally, earthquakes also pose a potential threat to each geosite, although with relatively low frequency. The third threat is landslides, with at least 7 geosites identified as having potential landslide risks, with 44 recorded incidents between 2018 and 2023. From the geoheritage assessments conducted, indicators of scientific value and degradation of geoheritage can be used to obtain information about past disaster events as well as potential future disasters. This research also demonstrates that geoheritage can serve as an indicator or medium for understanding geological disasters.
Evaluation of Geohazard Mitigation at Mount Rinjani Post-2018 Earthquake
Authors: Ang Meliawati , Zubaidah Teti , Muhajirah  , Bagus Oka Agastya Ida
Published: December 2024

Mount Rinjani is an active volcano located in the Rinjani-Lombok UNESCO Global Geopark area. The Caldera of Samalas, formed by the Old Rinjani/ Samalas eruption in 1257, is the most important geoheritage of Rinjani-Lombok Geopark. To reach the Caldera of Samalas geosite, people have to climb Mount Rinjani through one of six trekking trails. The Rinjani-Lombok Geopark is located on a small island that is vulnerable to natural disasters and geohazards such as earthquakes. As a result, disaster risk must be considered when developing tourism in the area. In 2018, the Lombok earthquake had a significant impact on trekking activities. More than 1000 trekkers were trapped inside Mount Rinjani. The earthquake triggered a coseismic landslide, damaged the trekking trail and caused the trekking activities to be closed for a year. Rinjani, on the other hand, has received the most foreign tourist visits of any volcano in Indonesia. Mount Rinjani National Park data over the past five years reveals an increase in tourists, indicating the need for a security system particularly disaster mitigation in tourism operations. This study was conducted to determine changes in disaster mitigation operations following the 2018 earthquake. The method used was an in-depth interview with Mount Rinjani National Park Office and Trekking tourism business actors, followed by image analysis that took into account geological condition, topography, rainfall and earthquake intensity. The study found that the impact of the earthquake, particularly coseismic landslides, was closely tied to geological conditions, topography and hydorological factors. In terms of disaster mitigation, Mount Rinjani National Park has made improvements in trekking registration and visitor data, but structural and non-structural trekking safety have to be improved by increasing the capacity of mountain guide and porter teams, as well as implementing a safety induction program before starting the trek.
Morphometric Characteristics of the Wairuhu River Watershed in Quaternary, Late Cenozoic, and Mesozoic Aged Rocks in the Framework of Encouraging Aspiring Geoparks in Ambon City, Maluku Province
Authors: Tuanany N K , Sukiyah E , Muslim G O , Muslim D , Fikri N H , Cahya B Y
Published: December 2024

Maluku Province is one of Indonesia’s eastern regions consisting of islands. This province does not yet have a geopark recognized nationally or internationally, although there are many things that have the potential to be developed. This is due to the fact that there is still little research and scientific publications that support the development of Geopark. Research using a quantitative approach in the Wairuhu Watershed was conducted to reveal the watershed morphometric response to the constituent materials, namely rocks from the Mesozoic to Quaternary ages. Eight sub-watersheds were used as the units of analysis. The aspects of watershed morphometric studied included sub-watershed dimensions, linear morphometric, and areal morphometric. The results of the analysis of the sub-watershed dimensions show that the largest sub-watershed size is mostly based on Mesozoic rocks with an area of 3.52 sq.km. The bifurcation ratio (Rb) value shows that rivers flowing in areas composed of late Cenozoic rocks are controlled by tectonic. Meanwhile, river development in younger and older rocks tends to be controlled by exogenous processes. The drainage density (Dd) values show that late Cenozoic rocks have high permeability compared to others. This is due to the physical properties of the rocks that make up volcanic breccia and tuff that have been deformed due to tectonic roles. The results of this study are expected to complement the scientific aspects that are one of the requirements for submitting a geopark assessment.
Ujung Kulon Geopark Branding Digitalization Strategy in Achieve SDGs.
Authors: Ali Murtadha Hasan , Zul Fanani Robi , Lazuardi Andi , Bioldy Ersal , Sartika Forestya , Permatasari Yulinda S. , Jamilah Mihardja Eli , Sukmawati Rosi
Published: December 2024

The Ujung Kulon geopark area has various potentials that can be a special attraction in fostering public interest. However, even though this geopark has a lot of potential, it is a challenge if the Ujung Kulon geopark wants to look attractive to be visited by the wider community, in addition to being intended to fulfill the goal of achieving the SDGs. This certainly requires more attractive and informative branding and marketing in order to foster a greater sense of interest in the community. This article explores the questions ‘how’ and ‘why’ digitalization strategies need to be implemented in developing this geopark, especially in order to achieve the SDGs goals. This study uses a case study method. Data was collected through literature studies, interviews, and observations during June-July 2024 and analyzed using Digital Communication concepts. The results of the study show various potentials that can be developed as programs to achieve the fulfillment of the SDGs goals.
Adsorption performance of biochar from exhausted coffee husk (ECH) under various carbonization parameters on copper (II) ion in aqueous solution
Authors: Puari A T , Rusnam R , Yanti N R , Shukor M Y
Published: December 2024

Biochar derived from agro industrial waste is being recognized as a promising green adsorbent owing to its abundant availability and cost-effective production. This investigation focused on assessing the adsorption capacity of biochar derived from exhausted coffee husk (ECH) towards copper (II) ions (Cu2+). The study analyzed the impact of carbonization parameters—specifically temperature (300, 400, 500, 600°C), residence time (30, 60, 120 minutes), and heating rate (5, 10, 15°C/min)—on Cu2+ removal at varying biochar dosages (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1 g). The results revealed distinct adsorption behavior in relation to changes in carbonization temperature, residence time, heating rate, and biochar dosage. Notably, a carbonization temperature of 600°C demonstrated the highest removal efficiency, reaching 92%. Additionally, the surface properties of the ECH biochar were characterized using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, while the surface morphology at different carbonization temperatures was observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). These analyses highlighted the significant influence of carbonization temperature on the surface area of ECH biochar.
Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties and Nutrient Composition of Chicken Feather Vermicompost for Sustainable Waste Management System
Authors: Shahiful Hizam NS , Omar NF , Sabri NF , Samsuddin NZ , Zainol Abidin MA
Published: December 2024

Recently, chicken consumption per capita in Malaysia is over 48 kg/year generating a significant number of wastes, especially chicken feathers and leading to pollution if left untreated. About 90% of keratin in chicken feathers is difficult to degrade. The purpose of this study is to accelerate the decomposition of chicken waste and determine the effect of different rates of substrate and composting agents on physicochemical properties and nutrients availability of vermicompost. Hence, this study is conducted to decompose the feathers through vermicomposting with the combination of earthworm and feather degrading bacteria. A total of 8 formulated chicken feather vermicompost with different rates of substrate (chicken feathers, chicken dung, mushroom media residue, and banana trunk) and single or combination presence of composting agent (earthworm and bacteria) were prepared. The physicochemical properties (electrical conductivity and pH value), biodegradability coefficient, and nutrient content of chicken feather vermicompost were collected on the final day of composting. The physicochemical properties result shows a constant optimal value for decomposing and microbial growth. The results show that different rate of substrate affects the nutrient content of the vermicompost after complete composting. The overall finding shows that T3 (MMR:BT:CD:CF=6:1:1.5:1.5), which had a lower rate of chicken feather with the presence of both composting agent has the highest percentage of nutrient content.
Spent Hen Meatballs Rendang’s Chemical Characteristics
Authors: Holinesti Rahmi , Faridah Anni , Rahimul Insan Ranggi , Mustika Sari , Tasrif Nabila
Published: December 2024

Rendang is a traditional ready-to-eat dish from Minangkabau, West Sumatra, typically made from beef, coconut milk, and various spices. Over time, its ingredients have diversified to include fish, seafood, and poultry, such as spent hen, which poses challenges due to its fishy aroma and tough texture. To improve its usability, spent hen meat can be restructured into meatballs by refining the meat and adding spices. This study investigates the chemical properties of both wet and dry rendang made from spent hen meatballs. Laboratory analyses were conducted to determine moisture, ash, fat, and protein content. The data were analyzed using the Paired T-test in SPSS 22. The results indicate that the cooking process significantly impacted moisture (p=0.0001), ash (p=0.0001), fat (p=0.0001), and protein levels (p=0.014), all with p-values below 0.05. These findings highlight that wet and dry rendang prepared from spent hen meatballs can serve as a lower-fat alternative to traditional rendang, while maintaining a high protein content. This research offers insights into the development of healthier rendang options that still meet nutritional needs.
Strategies for Oil Palm Smallholders to Improve Their Livelihood: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Jugah Remie , Wan Yusuf Sharifah , Rahman Saili Abdul , Adham Che Ruzlan Kamalul , Sapak Zaiton , Badriyah Kamarul Zaman Nur , Hazwani Mohammad Azam Nur , Jugah Ivy
Published: December 2024

Oil palm is widely cultivated for its high yield of edible oil. While Malaysia is known for large-scale oil palm production, Sarawak stands out for its numerous smallholder plantations. In this region, smallholders play a vital role in both subsistence farming and cash crop agriculture, though they face challenges in maintaining productivity and improving livelihoods. This study investigates the strategies oil palm smallholders in Sarawak, Malaysia, use to enhance their livelihoods. A qualitative approach was employed, using semi-structured interviews with fifteen smallholders in Sri Aman, Sarawak, selected through snowball sampling. Thematic analysis identified key strategies adopted by these farmers. Findings show that smallholders improve their livelihoods through replanting, crop diversification, engaging in additional farming activities, and seeking support from relevant authorities and organizations. These strategies help smallholders sustain plantation performance despite challenges. This study provides important insights into how smallholders navigate the oil palm sector, emphasizing the need for targeted support to bolster their livelihoods and the overall sustainability of small-scale plantations.
Enhanced ammonia gas sensing properties in porous multiwalled carbon nanotubes decorated with metal nanoparticles: the impact of concentration of Mn
Authors: Aalam Shah Masheerul , Sarvar Mohd , Sadiq Mohd , Bhat Mohd Nadeem , Tomar Monika , Ali Javid
Published: December 2024

In this work, the fabrication and comparison of distinct types of multi-walled carbon nanotube-based gas sensing devices on N type (100) silicon substrates for the detection of low ammonia concentrations are reported. Every measurement was made at room temperature. The whole process was tested at 10 ppm of ammonia gas. We have noticed the characteristics of fast response/recovery time (1–9 s) in pristine and (1–5 s) in Manganese metal (Mn) nanoparticles (99.99% purity) decorated MWCNT. The high-quality sensor response of roughly 82% has been found in pristine,177% in 2 min decorated, 73% in 4 min decorated and 130% in 6 min decorated respectively. The sensitivity of the as prepared samples comes to be 14% for the pristine, 35%, 37%, and 43% for rest of the sensors on percentage bases respectively. 75%–85% recovery was attained based on the obtained sensor response graph. The stability was also measured for a period of 7 days at constant concentration. A Keithley 6514 source meter was used for the resistance variation measurements. FESEM (Gemini 500), Raman spectroscopy (Renishaw), XRD, EDS and FTIR have been used to examine the different morphologies of the as prepared materials.
Berberine nanostructured lipid carriers by ultrasonication technique: initial study for skin and oral administration
Authors: Nguyen Van Hong , Nguyen Mai Chau Ngoc , Nguyen Huyen Thi Trang
Published: December 2024

Berberine (BBR), a natural bioactive ingredient from Eastern nations, has low solubility and permeability that limits its applications. Hence, berberine nanostructured lipid carriers (BBR-NLCs) were fabricated to improve the drug therapeutic effectiveness. Glycerol monostearate, stearic acid and oleic acid were chosen for lipid base whereas Pluronic F127, Span 80, and Transcutol-P were used as the surfactant and co-surfactant. BBR-NLCs had an average particle size of 82 nm, zeta potential of −32 mV, and narrow size distribution (PDI approximately 0.2), prepared with probe ultrasonication at 490 W in 15 min. In addition, BBR-NLCs prepared at optimized conditions showed around 92% of encapsulation efficiency with drug loading over 5.5%. NLCs presented sustained released through mouse skin, dialysis membrane in Franz cell model, and oral dissolution test, compared with free drug over 24 h. Moreover, blank NLCs even increased the cell viability of HaCaT and HEK293T cells at lower concentrations. NLCs significantly enabled higher interactive BBR quantity with investigated cells. Therefore, BBR-NLCs could be considered as a potential nanocarrier for improved bioavailability of this therapeutic agent.
Emerging materials in photonics applications
Authors: Tan Sin Jin , Harun Sulaiman Wadi , Wang Yunzheng , Tiu Zian Cheak
Published: December 2024

The revolutionary discovery of graphene in 2004 paved the way for a range of innovative materials, unlocking new possibilities in photonics engineering. The extraordinary properties of these emerging materials include high optical responsivity, broad optical wavelength operation, fast recovery, and strong nonlinearity. These properties have significantly advanced the field of photonics engineering, such as optical light sources, photodetectors, optical modulators, optical sensors, and other photonics applications. This focus issue is dedicated to highlight the latest research on the applications of emerging materials in photonics, which have contributed to industrial growth in photonics engineering. The papers collected for this issue explore a broad array of applications, addressing critical areas such as (a) optical light source (b) optical light detector (c) optical modulation (d) optical sensing and material characterization, and (e) optical limiter.
Vanadium dioxide-based tunable broadband metamaterial absorber in the terahertz
Authors: Zhu Yuqi
Published: December 2024

This study presents a three-layer broadband absorber comprising a vanadium dioxide (VO2) layer at the top, a polytetrafluoroethylene layer in the middle, and a gold film at the bottom. Absorption curves were calculated using the multiple-reflection principle and impedance matching theory, and the obtained results were consistent with the simulation results. According to simulation results, within the range of controllable conductivity of VO2, the absorption rate of the as-developed structure varied from 1.5% to 99.8%, with the bandwidth extending from 0 THz to 5.19 THz. The metamaterial maintained > 75% absorption across the frequency band for incident angles up to 45°, with the absorption rate varying for different polarization angles. The as-developed metamaterial exhibited the characteristics of wide-angle incidence and polarization sensitivity and has excellent application prospects in the domains of medicine, military, and communication.
Environmentally friendly green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide using Laurus nobilis, characterization and evaluation of in vitro anticancer activity
Authors: Budama-Kilinc Yasemin , Arslan Esra , Gok Bahar , Sari Yilmaz Muge
Published: December 2024

Graphene, due to its remarkable electrical, mechanical, thermal, and optical characteristics, has become a highly desirable material for scientific investigation. A promising method for large-scale production involves the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) derived from graphite through various chemical processes. Although chemical reduction remains the most effective technique for producing reduced graphene oxide (rGO), its environmental impact raises concerns. The researchers are increasingly exploring reduction methods that utilize natural ingredients as a more sustainable alternative to address this. In this study, rGO was synthesized using a green method using bay leaf (Laurus nobilis) extracts. The effects of the plant extract concentration, reflux temperature, and time on the reduction of GO were investigated. The prepared rGO samples were characterized using x-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. Moreover, the interaction of rGOs with DNA was carried out using the UV–Vis absorption titration method. Studies were conducted to determine the anticancer activity of rGO on two different cell lines and the safe dose on the fibroblast cell line. According to the results, the size of rGO nano-sheets was determined as 203 nm ±2.87, and the PdI value was determined as 0.011 ± 0.02. It has been established that rGO can interact with DNA through a groove or electrostatic binding. According to the cytotoxicity study conducted on the L929 cell line, the 50 μg ml−1 rGO dose was safe, and its anticancer activity was more effective in the SHSY-5Y cell line than in C6.
Instabilities of ideal magnetohydrodynamics mode and neoclassical tearing mode stabilization by electron cyclotron current drive for EHL-2 spherical torus
Authors: DONG 董 Lili 力立 , LI 李 Li 莉 , LIU 刘 Wenjun 文军 , LIU 刘 Tong 桐 , LIANG 梁 Yunfeng 云峰 , DONG 董 Jiaqi 家齐 , XIE 谢 Huasheng 华生 , SHI 石 Yuejiang 跃江 , Team the EHL-2
Published: December 2024

The next generation fusion device listed on ENN’s fusion roadmap, named as (ENN He-Long) EHL-2, is under both physics and engineering designs. The instabilities of ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) mode and neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) stabilized by electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) for EHL-2’s two typical operation scenarios are analyzed. For high-ion-temperature operating (HITO) scenario, the vertical displacement event (VDE) could be a big challenge to the device safety. For the steady-state operating (SSO) scenario, the limitation may rise from the ideal MHD mode, NTM, etc. This suggests that the MHD analysis of both operation scenarios should be done with different focusing. Preliminary analysis based on the current physics and engineering design of both two scenarios is given in this paper. Based on the analysis result of above, the future assessments might target at active control method and the effect of boron on MHD activities.
In-sensor computing using Ti3C2Tx MXene memristor crossbar arrays for wearable electronics
Authors: Gosai Jeny , Patel Mansi , Gosai Anjalee , Chaudhari Nitin , Solanki Ankur
Published: December 2024

The potential of memristor systems in sensing, storing, and processing signals make them highly efficient and ideal for power-efficient, comfortable wearable in-sensor computing applications. In this work, we demonstrate a 3 × 3 memristor crossbar array based on Ti3C2Tx MXene with non-volatile characteristics, exhibiting an ON/OFF ratio of ∼102. This Ti3C2Tx-based crossbar array also showcases remarkable synaptic properties. Additionally, we achieve near perfect accuracy in pattern training after just 9 epochs as well as pattern retaining ability even after 24 h. A notable feature of these Ti3C2Tx-based 3 × 3 memristor crossbar arrays is their ability to integrate sensing, storage, and processing capabilities, demonstrated in a wearable real-time muscle monitoring healthcare device. A multi-channel surface electromyography data was recorded using the Ti3C2Tx MXene-based crossbar array to track real-time forearm muscle movements during a series of distinct hand gestures. These findings open up exciting possibilities for the development of adaptable MXene-based flexible memristive crossbar arrays, which hold great promise for advanced data storage, neuromorphic computing, and in-sensor computing applications.
Towards a characterization of the inverse systems of complete intersections
Authors: Elias J.
Published: December 2024

In this paper we give conditions on a homogeneous polynomial for which the associated graded Artin algebra is a complete intersection.
Tumour deposit count is an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer—a population-based cohort study
Authors: Lundström Simon , Agger Erik , Lydrup Marie-Louise , Jörgren Fredrik , Buchwald Pamela
Published: December 2024

Background

Tumour deposits are a prognostic factor for overall survival and distant metastasis in lymph node-negative colorectal cancer. However, the current TNM staging system does not account for the presence of tumour deposits in lymph node-positive colorectal cancer, or for the presence of multiple deposits. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic effect of tumour deposit count in patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods

Patients who underwent curative surgery for colorectal cancer between 2016 and 2019 were identified nationwide from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry. Patients with undisclosed tumour deposit status/count and stage IV disease were excluded. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to assess the prognostic effect of tumour deposit count on overall survival and distant metastasis adjusted for age, sex, neoadjuvant treatment, and number of positive lymph nodes.

Results

Of 18 913 patients assessed, 14 154 patients were analysed with tumour deposits (TDs) present in 1702 (12%) patients. Patients were stratified by tumour deposit count (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and ≥5 TDs). Increased tumour deposit count was associated with decreased 5-year overall survival (79%, 70%, 61%, 66%, 50%, 49%) and increased 5-year risk for distant metastasis (14%, 26%, 35%, 41%, 48%, 54%) respectively. Tumour deposit count remained an independent negative prognostic factor after multivariable Cox regression analysis.

Conclusion

Tumour deposit count is a negative prognostic predictor of both overall survival and distant metastasis in colorectal cancer, independent of positive lymph nodes or neoadjuvant treatment. These findings suggest that tumour deposit count should be integrated into the TNM staging regardless of lymph nodes status to improve prognostic accuracy.
The inter-relationship between parental problems and ethnic background: How do they impact on entry into local authority care?
Authors: Warner Nell , Jing Yongchao , Scourfield Jonathan , Cannings-John Rebecca , Cheung Sin Yi , John Ann
Published: December 2024

Both parental problems and being from certain ethnic minoritized populations are associated with an increased likelihood of children entering local authority care. This study explored the intersection of these factors in the UK. Population-level administrative datasets were linked to create a dataset of school-aged children living in households in Wales, between 2016 and 2020 (n = 431,584). Multilevel logistic regression models were used to look at care entry for different ethnic groups, controlling for key factors. Crude odds ratios using sub-populations of children from different ethnicities were used to explore effects of risks on sub-populations. Models showed that when parental risk factors and levels of deprivation were controlled for, all ethnic minoritized populations were more likely to enter care than White children. Subgroup analysis showed substantial differences in the effects of risks for children of different ethnicities. The results suggest different reasons for care entry vary by children’s ethnicity and highlight inequalities in care entry. The findings highlight the urgent need to carry out work to ensure that social care provision is non-discriminatory and culturally sensitive.
Enhanced behavioural and neural sensitivity to punishments in chronic pain and fatigue
Authors: Mancini Flavia , Mahajan Pranav , Guttesen Anna á V , Onysk Jakub , Scholtes Ingrid , Shenker Nicholas , Lee Michael , Seymour Ben
Published: December 2024

Chronic pain and fatigue in musculoskeletal disease contribute significantly to disability, and recent studies suggest an association with reduced motivation and excessive fear avoidance. In this behavioural neuroimaging study, we aimed to identify the specific behavioral and neural changes associated with musculoskeletal pain and fatigue during reward and loss decision-making.

Twenty-nine participants with chronic inflammatory arthritis and 28 healthy controls performed an instrumental learning task (4-armed bandit) during 3T brain fMRI. Computational analyses with reinforcement learning models were used to quantify the hidden variables involved in reward and loss decision-making, compare them across groups and finally relate them to brain activity.

We found that participants with chronic pain had higher sensitivity to punishments and increased activity associated with the punishment prediction error in the right posterior insular cortex, putamen, pallidum, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Functional network connectivity analysis showed that insula centrality correlated with subjective reports of fatigue and pain during the task.

The findings of this exploratory study suggest that pain and fatigue in chronic pain relate to objective behavioural changes in loss-decision making, which can be mapped to a specific pattern of activity in brain circuits of motivation and decision-making. The proposed parametric signature, characterized most notably by increased punishment sensitivity, is distinct from patterns previously reported in psychiatric conditions and it aligns with predictions of the fear avoidance model of pain.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Viremia and Cancer Risk in 2.8 Million People: The South African HIV Cancer Match Study
Authors: Ruffieux Yann , Mwansa-Kambafwile Judith , Metekoua Carole , Tombe-Nyahuma Tinashe , Bohlius Julia , Muchengeti Mazvita , Egger Matthias , Rohner Eliane
Published: December 2024

Background

Most research on human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) viremia and cancer risk is from high-income countries. We evaluated the association between HIV-1 viremia and the risk of various cancer types among people with HIV (PWH) in South Africa.

Methods

We analyzed data from the South African HIV Cancer Match study, based on laboratory measurements from the National Health Laboratory Service and cancer records from the National Cancer Registry from 2004 to 2014. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated hazard ratios (HR) for cancer incidence per unit increase in time-updated Log10 HIV-1 RNA viral load copies/mL. We created partially adjusted (sex, age, calendar year) and fully adjusted models (additionally including time-updated CD4 count).

Results

We included 2 770 200 PWH with 10 175 incident cancers; most common were cervical cancer (N = 2481), Kaposi sarcoma (N = 1902), breast cancer (N = 1063), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (N = 863). Hazard ratios for the association of HIV-1 viremia and cancer risk changed after partial and full adjustment and were generally attenuated for infection-related cancers but tended to increase for infection-unrelated cancers. In the fully adjusted model, HIV-1 viremia was associated with an increased risk of Kaposi sarcoma (HR per unit increase in Log10 HIV-1 RNA viral load: 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–1.42), leukemia (HR: 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13–1.45), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (HR: 1.24; 95% CI, 1.19–1.29), conjunctival cancer (HR: 1.19; 95% CI, 1.11–1.25), and colorectal cancer (HR: 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02–1.21). Associations with other cancer types were weaker or absent.

Conclusions

Our findings underline the importance of sustained viral suppression for cancer prevention among PWH in South Africa.
Acetylation-ubiquitination crosstalk of DJ-1 mediates microcalcification formation in diabetic plaques via collagen-matrix vesicles interaction
Authors: Sun Zhen , Li Lihua , Wu Yao , Zhang Lili , Zang Guangyao , Qian Yongjiang , Yao Haipeng , Mao Xiang , Wang Zhongqun
Published: December 2024

Aims

Microcalcification increases the vulnerability of plaques and has become an important driver of acute cardiovascular events in diabetic patients. However, the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. DJ-1, a multifunctional protein, may play a potential role in the development of diabetic complications. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between DJ-1 and microcalcification in diabetic plaques and investigate the mechanisms.

Methods and results

The regulatory relationship between DJ-1 and diabetic vascular microcalcification was determined in anterior tibial arteries from diabetic foot amputated patients, a diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mouse model, and a vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) model. The ubiquitination and acetylation levels of DJ-1 were detected, and the acetylation-ubiquitination crosstalk was explored. Then, the regulatory effects of DJ-1 on receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) were clarified. Further, the role of DJ-1 in collagen-matrix vesicles (MVs) interaction in diabetic microenvironment was observed. The collagen interacting surface protein of MVs was verified with proteomics and the biomimetic MVs model. In clinical samples, the number of microcalcification nodules in anterior tibial artery plaques was negatively correlated with DJ-1 expression. In diabetic ApoE−/− mice and VSMCs models, knocking down DJ-1 significantly increased the number of microcalcified nodules. N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) was an acetyltransferase of DJ-1. NAT10 could crosstalk the ubiquitination of DJ-1 and enhance the ubiquitination of DJ-1 by E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32). Besides, the knockdown of DJ-1 activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), and then STAT1 could bind to RAGE promoter, thus up-regulating RAGE. Furthermore, the knockdown of DJ-1 significantly promoted collagen-MVs interaction in diabetic microenvironment. Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFGE8) may serve as a collagen-interacting protein. The coating of MFGE8 protein could increase the interaction between collagen and biomimetic MVs.

Conclusion

In the diabetic microenvironment, DJ-1 was a protective factor for vascular microcalcification. NAT10− and TRIM32-mediated acetylation-ubiquitination crosstalk resulted in the degradation of DJ-1. The decrease of DJ-1 could activate DJ-1/STAT1/RAGE microcalcification signal. Further, under the stimulation of DJ-1-mediated microcalcification signal, VSMCs released MVs with high abundance of MFGE8. MFGE8 promoted collagen-MVs interaction and finally accelerated the formation of microcalcification.
Case report: interventional thrombectomy with haemodynamic support by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a rescue strategy in acute pulmonary embolism refractory to systemic thrombolysis
Authors: Mahmudlu Fuad , Alahmad Bassel , Mimoune Abderrahmen , Schulz Eberhard
Published: December 2024

Background

High-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with significant mortality. Thrombolysis is the therapy of choice, while interventional thrombectomy may be a helpful strategy in case of contraindications or failed thrombolysis. However, the procedure may be complicated by catheter-induced embolization of clots and/or haemodynamic compromise.

Case summary

We present a 32-year-old patient woman with fulminant pulmonary artery embolism. Despite immediate systemic thrombolysis, the patient remained in cardiogenic shock with rising lactate levels. Furthermore, floating clots were observed in the right atrium of the patient. As a rescue strategy, we performed interventional thrombectomy by using the Inari FlowTriever system supported by periinterventional veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) implantation. After a successful thrombectomy, the patient recovered and showed immediate haemodynamic improvement.

Discussion

Interventional thrombectomy may be considered in patients with high-risk PE and failed thrombolytic therapy. Support by a VA-ECMO should be considered in order to prevent transient haemodynamic instability associated with accidental, catheter-induced clot mobilization from the vena cava or right atrium.
Right ventricular stroke work index from echocardiography in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension—the role in short-term follow-up assessment
Authors: Jumatate Raluca , Werther-Evaldsson Anna , Ingvarsson Annika , Rådegran Göran , Meurling Carl Cronstedt , Ostenfeld Ellen
Published: December 2024

Aims

Right ventricular (RV) failure causes high mortality in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). RV stroke work index (RVSWi) poses as a potential predictor of outcome. We evaluated how RVSWi by echocardiography (ECHO) or right heart catheterization (RHC) is altered following PAH treatment and if RVSWi is an indicator of outcome in PAH.

Methods and results

Fifty-four patients with PAH performed ECHO and RHC (median, 0 days between examinations) at baseline and treatment follow-up. RVSWiRHC was computed as (mPAP-mRAP)×SViRHC, (mPAP, mean pulmonary arterial pressure; mRAP, mean right atrial pressure; SVi, stroke volume indexed to body surface area). ECHO-derived RVSWi was calculated as RVSWiECHO-Mean = TRmeanPG × SViECHO and RVSWiECHO-Max = TRmaxPG × SViECHO (TRmeanPG and TRmaxPG: tricuspid regurgitant mean and maximum pressure gradient). Invasive sPAP, mPAP, and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased and SVi increased from baseline to follow-up (P < 0.01 for all). RVSWiRHC and RVSWiECHO (Mean and Max) did not differ from baseline to follow-up (P > 0.05). Forty patients died during 109 ± 24 months. In univariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, age > 65 years, 6-minute-walk test < 160 m, WHO class III-IV and indexed right atrial volume were associated with long-term mortality, but none of the RVSWi methods. In multivariate analysis with clinical parameters, both RVSWiECHO methods were independently associated with mortality.

Conclusion

The RVSWi methods did not differ from baseline to short-term follow-up and were not associated with long-term outcomes in univariate analysis. However, baseline RVSWiECHO was associated with mortality when adjusting for clinical parameters.
A surgical case of right atrial wall perforation caused by an invasive angiosarcoma
Authors: Yokoyama Yuichiro , Emmoto Takeshi , Abe Yumiko , Abe Mitsunori
Published: December 2024

Cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare, diagnostically elusive disease with a poor prognosis. Herein, we describe the case of a 61-year-old man who presented with cardiac tamponade caused by perforation of the right atrial wall resulting from an invasive angiosarcoma. The tumour, which had spread throughout the entire right atrial free wall, was resected under cardiopulmonary bypass. Subsequent reconstruction of the right atrial wall involved the use of both autologous and bovine pericardial patches. Cardiac wall rupture due to invasive cardiac angiosarcoma is an extremely rare complication, with only a few cases reported. Therefore, we also review the relevant literature herein.
An Exploration of Spiral of Silence in Online News Comments: Characteristics of Four Flow Patterns of Users’ Comments
Authors: Kim Jin-Young , Jeon Jinsu , Choi Dahui
Published: December 2024

To address prior methodological, contextual, and conceptual gaps in research on the spiral of silence (SOS), we investigated whether SOS manifests in online news comments where public opinions naturally emerge and examined the impact of these comments on public opinion. To analyze the progression of comments, we adopted a novel approach to time-series analysis—previously confined to social media—by implementing the dynamic time warp (DTW) technique. Data were collected from 47,845 comments on 281 online news articles related to three controversial topics published on a Korean portal site. Using DTW, we categorized comment patterns into four clusters across all topics: Contentious, Parallel, Overwhelming, and Gradual gap. A key observation was that minority opinions did not consistently follow a predictable path but rather displayed varied patterns. This indicates that SOS is selectively relevant in online discussions, with various factors influencing how minority opinions are expressed and shape public opinion. However, over a longer timeframe, the Contentious type, where minority views remained strong, significantly decreased in later discussions compared with earlier ones. Moreover, the current study corroborates previous research on the influence of initial comments. The pattern of comment flows is also influenced by factors such as click speech, neutral comments, and age.
Resurrection of a diatom after 7000 years from anoxic Baltic Sea sediment
Authors: Bolius Sarah , Schmidt Alexandra , Kaiser Jérôme , Arz Helge W , Dellwig Olaf , Karsten Ulf , Epp Laura S , Kremp Anke
Published: December 2024

Dormancy is a widespread key life history trait observed across the tree of life. Many plankton species form dormant cell stages that accumulate in aquatic sediments and, under anoxic conditions, form chronological records of past species and population dynamics under changing environmental conditions. Here we report on the germination of a microscopic alga, the abundant marine diatom Skeletonema marinoi Sarno et Zigone, that had remained dormant for up to 6871 ± 140 years in anoxic sediments of the Baltic Sea and resumed growth when exposed to oxygen and light. Resurrected diatom strains, representing cohorts from six different time points of the past 6871 ± 140 years, are genetically differentiated, and fundamental physiological functions such as growth and photosynthesis have remained stable through time despite distinct environmental dynamics. Showing that resurrection and full functional recovery, in comparison to 3 ± 2 years of dormancy, is possible after millennial resting, we emphasize the relevance of dormancy and living sediment archives. For the future, sediment archives, together with the resurrection approach, would offer a powerful tool to trace adaptive traits over millennia under distinct climatic conditions and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Upholding Hierarchies of Knowledge Production: Mundane Obstacles to Global International Relations
Authors: Vogel Birte , Džuverović Nemanja , Tripathi Siddharth , Kušić Katarina , Zapata Maria Lucia , Ramachandran Swetha , Dhungana Nimesh , Taithe Bertrand
Published: December 2024

Debates about global international relations (IR) have been ongoing for over a decade, yet academic practice in meaningfully cooperating with Global Southern scholars has changed little. Against the backdrop of growing scholarly concerns about global inequality in knowledge production, this forum takes stock of the search for global IR and examines the academic practices and structures that hinder its progress. The contributions highlight numerous obstacles, including structural and material inequalities between researchers and institutions, visible hierarchies in funding, and seemingly mundane issues such as language barriers, stigma, stereotypes, and data ownership. Written by both Global Southern and Global Northern scholars, this forum aims to provide a balanced contribution to the growing debate about what truly global IR scholarship could look like. We argue that the search for global IR is not merely a debate about theoretical and epistemological plurality in the discipline but one with real-world ramifications. Global order at multiple levels is shaped by policies and actions underpinned by various types of data. The data collected, its agents, and the resulting knowledge are foundational components of decision-making in global politics.
The Three AREs: How Authors, Reviewers, and Editors Can Better Address Alternative Explanations in Scholarly Research
Authors: Owsiak Andrew P , Diehl Paul F
Published: December 2024

Authors of good scholarship must address alternative explanations to the one that they have proposed—to resolve debates, to entertain competing hypotheses, and ultimately, to cumulate knowledge. Authors approach this task proactively, as well as reactively. Indeed, during the peer-review process, reviewers and journal editors frequently identify alternative explanations that the author did not address and then set a hurdle; they demand that the author adequately address the identified alternatives for the publication process to proceed. This raises a question that, to our knowledge, no discipline has thoroughly discussed. What is the proper role of alternative explanations in the peer-review process? We argue that the peer-review process often (unnecessarily) sets too high an “alternative explanations hurdle.” We first lay out the philosophical, scope, and practical considerations that lead us to this conclusion. Then, to begin a discussion about adjusting the hurdle’s height going forward, we propose a set of separate guidelines—the Three AREs—for authors, reviewers, and editors. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the consequences of “alternative explanation gatekeeping.” Our goal is ultimately not to eliminate the author’s responsibility to address alternative explanations, but rather to encourage the peer-review process to make more reasonable demands of submitting authors.