bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Skills Marketing Majors Believe They Acquire: Evidence From a National Survey
Authors: Hartley Phillip , Routon P. Wesley , Torres Luis
Published: February 2018

Drawing from a panel survey of over 400,000 college graduates from over 600 different colleges and universities in the United States, this article addresses three questions related to skill change during college tenure. First, as judged by the students themselves, how much change in 15 skill categories do marketing majors experience during college? Second, how do these skill changes compare with those reported by other business majors and college students from all other majors? Finally, controlling for a host of relevant student and institutional characteristics, what is the impact of marketing education on the changes reported for each of these 15 skills? Findings indicate that marketing students’ perceptions of their own skill developments are generally very positive, but in some cases other business majors or the broader array of college students rated themselves more favorably. Taken in combination with employers’ contrasting perceptions of graduates’ workforce readiness, these results have implications for the improvement of marketing curricula and course design including greater emphasis on experiential learning and other opportunities for students to apply the knowledge they gain.
The municipal solid waste management of La Paz (Bolivia): Challenges and opportunities for a sustainable development
Authors: Ferronato Navarro , Gorritty Portillo Marcelo Antonio , Guisbert Lizarazu Edith Gabriela , Torretta Vincenzo , Bezzi Marco , Ragazzi Marco
Published: February 2018

Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is considered an important public health, economic and environmental concern, especially in developing countries. This paper introduces the situation of MSWM in La Paz (Bolivia) in 2016, and is based on the Wasteaware indicators and waste flow analysis, useful tools for classifying and comparing waste treatment and management plans among other countries. Taking into account the lack of technology in waste treatment and the presence of a developed informal sector, the paper analyses the main strengths and weak points for implementing a sustainable MSWM. The research conducted revealed that the MSWM of La Paz is not efficient with regard to collection, recycling (8%), financial sustainability, and equity of the service. At the same time, local Government and stakeholders are interested in implementing new MSWM methods for improving the current sanitary state of the city and many efforts were made over the last ten years. In general terms, La Paz could be considered as a good study area for developing plans for waste valorization, becoming an example for a low–middle income developing big city of Latin America. The study provided a few considerations about the affordability of the methodology applied and critically analyzed the case study proposed.
Ascertaining of chatter stability using wavelet denoising and artificial neural network
Authors: Kumar Shailendra , Singh Bhagat
Published: February 2018

In modern machining industries, tool chatter detection and suppression along with maximized metal removal rate is a challenging task. Inexpedient vibration between cutting tool and work piece promotes unstable cutting. This results in enhanced detritions of tool and poor surface finish along with unpredictable metal removal rate. In the present work, effect of machining parameters such as depth of cut ( d), feed rate ( f) and spindle speed ( N) on chatter severity and metal removal rate have been ascertained experimentally. Experimentally recorded raw chatter signals have been denoised using wavelet transform. An artificial neural network model based on feed forward back propagation network has been proposed for predicting stable cutting zone and metal removal rate in turning process. It has been deduced that Tangent Sigmoid activation function in an artificial neural network is the best option to achieve the aforesaid objectives. Well correlation between the artificial neural network predicted results and experimental ones validate the developed technique of ascertaining the tool chatter severity.
Force identification based on the reconstruction of distributed response with an optimized sensor placement
Authors: Jiang Hao , Wu Haijun , Yu Liang , Jiang Weikang
Published: February 2018

The errors of the force identification vary with different spatial locations of the response measurements on machinery. This investigation proposes a method to identify the structural dynamic force with the use of the distributed response. An optimized sensor placement is obtained by using a set of local orthogonal polynomials to approximate the response distribution of the chosen region and choosing the Gaussian quadrature points as the sensor locations. Then the forward model based on the reconstruction of distributed response is established and the dynamic force can be obtained by an appropriate regularization method. Numerical simulations of models with planar and curved surfaces are presented to validate the method. It is found that the proposed method can effectively reduce the influence of noise and improve the precision of the force identification. The method is also validated by an experiment and an accurate recognition of the forces is observed. This paper provides a new perspective on the force identification procedure based on the distributed response.
‘Something happened, something bad’: Blackouts, uncertainties and event construal in The Girl on the Train
Authors: Giovanelli Marcello
Published: February 2018

This article examines the representation of mind style in Paula Hawkins’ (2015) best-selling novel The Girl on the Train. It examines how Hawkins presents the fictional mind of Rachel, a character who is affected by anterograde amnesia as a result of alcoholic blackouts. Rachel’s narrative voice drives the novel, and its retelling of events is characterised by her inability to recall important information related to the night that a young woman disappeared and was murdered.

This article specifically draws on the Cognitive Grammar notion of construal to explore the presentation of Rachel’s mind style and its affordances and limitations. In doing so, it builds on developing scholarship that has identified the potential for Cognitive Grammar to provide a richly nuanced account of the representation of a fictional mind. The analysis specifically examines two ways in which event construal is presented: nominal grounding strategies and reference point relationships. For the latter, the article also develops emerging work that has sought to make a connection between Cognitive Grammar and Text World Theory in terms of how mental representations are projected by the text.
Evaluation of the Impact of Childbirth Education Classes in Turkey on Adaptation to Pregnancy Process, Concerns About Birth, Rate of Vaginal Birth, and Adaptation to Maternity: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Pinar Gul , Avsar Filiz , Aslantekin Filiz
Published: February 2018

This study aims to examine the impact of childbirth education in Turkey on the adaptation to pregnancy process, concerns about birth, rate of vaginal birth, and adaptation to maternity. This quasi-experimental study with control group was conducted from December 2013 to December 2014. The sample size was 132 primiparous pregnant women ( nexperimental = 66, ncontrol = 66). The average age of the pregnant women in the experimental and control groups was 24.41 ± 3.92 and 23.68 ± 4.19, respectively. The study showed that experimental group participants had lower concerns about birth, higher levels of knowledge, and faster adaptation to pregnancy and postpartum process; they could also give positive feedback about labor pain and action and could start breastfeeding at an earlier stage when compared with those in the control group ( p < .05). Childbirth education classes increase the knowledge of pregnant women and positively contribute in pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum process.
Variance Estimation in Evaluations With No-Shows: A Comparison of Methods
Authors: Litwok Daniel , Peck Laura R.
Published: February 2018

In experimental evaluations of policy interventions, the so-called Bloom adjustment is commonly used to estimate the impact of the treatment on the treated. It does so by rescaling the estimated impact of the intention to treat—that is, the overall treatment-control group difference in outcomes for the entire experimental sample—by the percentage of cases that took up the treatment offer. The practice of also rescaling the variance, as is common in the literature, imposes simplifying assumptions that may lead to biased variance estimates. We compare variances using the Bloom adjustment to variances that capture all the estimation error. While the difference between these variances is negligible in three experimental evaluations, we highlight three conditions that could result in larger relative bias: large impacts, large variability in compliance, and/or substantial endogeneity bias. The presence of these conditions could potentially result in a different conclusion for policy or practice.
Facilitating work performance of sustainability-driven entrepreneurs through higher education: The relevance of competencies, values, worldviews and opportunities
Authors: Biberhofer Petra , Lintner Claudia , Bernhardt Johanna , Rieckmann Marco
Published: February 2018

This article explores the work performance of sustainability-driven entrepreneurs in order to be able to provide better learning settings in higher education for sustainability-driven entrepreneurship (SDE). Sustainability-driven entrepreneurs are actors who initiate and successfully implement sustainable innovations in pursuit of social and ecological objectives in addition to economic ones as the basis of their organizational strategy. SDE suggests an action-oriented process view and emphasizes the nexus of individuals and opportunities. This article argues that competencies as well as deeper levels of knowledge regarding values and worldviews are key dimensions constituting SDE. For the implementation of sustainable action strategies, key competencies as well as opportunities are essential for enabling work performance. For this qualitative–explorative study, 48 semi-structured interviews were conducted with entrepreneurs and managers from enterprises and non-profit organizations pursuing sustainable strategies and activities in their economic ventures in five European regions: Vienna, Gothenburg, Brno, Bolzano and Vechta. The findings have a number of implications for study programmes in higher education institutions aiming at developing student competencies as well as deeper levels of knowledge regarding values and worldviews, and fostering performance for SDE.
At work in the toybox
Authors: Ashton Daniel , Giddings Seth
Published: February 2018

Key companies and commentators on the new economy have identified play as a crucial aspect of entrepreneurship and commercial innovation. We will argue that play and place are inseparable in these discourses: from places such as Google’s headquaters (HQ) – the Googleplex, with its ball pits and slides – to schemes and practices such as LEGO Serious Play, children’s play and sites of play are taken as the model for, and wellspring of, imagination and creativity, modes and spaces of thinking and experimentation that can invigorate and innovate the adult worlds of cultural and technological production. Taking as case studies Google’s reimagining of cultural practices of play, and LEGO Serious Play’s deployment of playful experimentation for corporate/therapeutic ends, this article argues that to understand the possibilities of playful working places, it is necessary to question the generally uncritical assumptions about the character and potential of play itself that underpin these initiatives.
Convex optimization–based multi-user detection in underwater acoustic sensor networks
Authors: Wang Jianping , Zhang Shujing , Chen Wei , Kong Dechuan , Yu Zhou
Published: February 2018

Multi-carrier code-division multiple access is an important technical means for high-performance underwater acoustic sensor networks. Nevertheless, severe multiple access interference is a huge challenge. As the core technology, multi-user detection is used to eliminate multiple access interference. The traditional optimal detection algorithms (e.g. maximum likelihood) have very high computational complexity, and the performances of suboptimal detection methods (i.e. zero forcing, minimum mean square error, etc.) are poor. Therefore, taking into account the characteristics of underwater acoustic sensor networks, it is of great significance to design multi-user detection algorithms for achieving a tradeoff between the detection performance and the computational complexity in multi-carrier code-division multiple access systems. In this article, we design a transmitter model of underwater multi-carrier code-division multiple access system and then implement a multi-user detection algorithm based on convex optimization, which is named convex optimization–based algorithm. Next, we conduct the detection performance and computational complexity comparisons of maximum likelihood, zero forcing, minimum mean square error, and convex optimization–based algorithm. The results show that the performance of convex optimization–based algorithm is close to that of maximum likelihood, and the complexity is close to that of zero forcing. Therefore, a tradeoff between the computational complexity and the detection performance is realized in convex optimization–based algorithm. It means that convex optimization–based algorithm is suitable for the multi-user detection in multi-carrier code-division multiple access systems of underwater acoustic sensor networks.
Design of exoskeleton-type wrist human–machine interface based on over-actuated coaxial spherical parallel mechanism
Authors: Lee Jaeyong , Song Byung-Wook , Yang Woosung
Published: February 2018

In this study, a wrist human–machine interface with a single internal rotation center, which is efficient in terms of performance, size, and avoidance of kinematic interference, is proposed to realize the 3-degree-of-freedom rotational motion of the human wrist. For this purpose, an over-actuated coaxial spherical parallel mechanism is applied. The over-actuated mechanism is specially considered to improve the force feedback performance and to overcome the workspace limitations caused by the singularity. From a mechanical perspective, two links are coaxially connected to the base, and this rotation axis is designed to coincide with the wrist pronation–supination, which has the largest operating range in wrist motion. A prototype was fabricated and evaluated to validate the proposed mechanism. In addition, a usable design index was proposed for the design that prevents interference with the user in the workspace while minimizing the link inertia to optimize the device. This index is optimized with the general performance indices, that is, condition index and stiffness index. It was verified through simulation that the optimized wrist human–machine interface exhibited higher performance than other similar devices. In addition, range of motion is at least 104.3% than a daily living range of motion of the human wrist, guaranteeing all ranges of motion.
Inhibition of spinal MAPKs by scorpion venom peptide BmK AGAP produces a sensory-specific analgesic effect
Authors: Ruan Jia-Ping , Mao Qing-Hong , Lu Wu-Guang , Cai Xue-Ting , Chen Jiao , Li Qing- , Fu Qun- , Yan Huai-Jiang , Cao Jun-Li , Cao Peng
Published: February 2018

Background

Several studies have shown that scorpion venom peptide BmK AGAP has an analgesic activity. Our previous study also demonstrated that intraplantar injection of BmK AGAP ameliorates formalin-induced spontaneous nociceptive behavior. However, the effect of intrathecal injection of BmK AGAP on nociceptive processing is poorly understood.

Methods

We investigated the effects of intrathecal injection of BmK AGAP on spinal nociceptive processing induced by chronic constrictive injury or formalin. Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were measured using radiant heat and the von Frey filaments test. Formalin-induced spontaneous nociceptive behavior was also investigated. C-Fos expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-MAPK) expression was monitored by Western blot assay.

Results

Intrathecal injection of BmK AGAP reduced chronic constrictive injury-induced neuropathic pain behavior and pain from formalin-induced inflammation, accompanied by decreased expression of spinal p-MAPKs and c-Fos protein. The results of combining low doses of different MAPK inhibitor (U0126, SP600125, or SB203580; 0.1 µg for each inhibitor) with a low dose of BmK AGAP (0.2 µg) suggested that BmK AGAP could potentiate the effects of MAPK inhibitors on inflammation-associated pain.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that intrathecal injection of BmK AGAP produces a sensory-specific analgesic effect via a p-MAPK-dependent mechanism.
Avoiding delay in diagnosing melanoma of the foot
Authors: Murphy Bryan , Dolan Olivia
Published: February 2018

Cutaneous melanoma is a relatively rare, but potentially aggressive, cancer. Although more commonly seen in the elderly, a rise among younger patients has been observed. Melanoma arising on the foot or within nail units is unusual. It can often go unnoticed or mistaken for benign conditions, with definitive diagnosis occurring at an advanced stage; therefore, requiring more complex surgery and leading to a worse prognosis. All healthcare professionals managing foot conditions have an important role in early detection. Greater awareness of the signs and symptoms of melanoma and referral pathways will ensure timely assessment and earlier intervention.
Intralesional collagenase Clostridium histolyticum in the management of Peyronie’s disease: current best practice
Authors: Cwikla Daniel J. , Yafi Faysal A.
Published: February 2018

The use of Clostridium histolyticum collagenase (CCH) has become increasingly widespread for the treatment of Peyronie’s disease (PD) in recent years. Numerous trials have confirmed both its safety and efficacy in appropriately selected patients with this condition. The purpose of this review is to examine pivotal trials demonstrating the efficacy of CCH, revisit viable candidates for treatment with intralesional injection therapy, and provide a summary of injection technique and appropriate management of patients receiving this treatment at the time of therapy and in follow up.
Prejudiced Places: How Contexts Shape Inequality and How Policy Can Change Them
Authors: Murphy Mary C. , Kroeper Kathryn M. , Ozier Elise M.
Published: February 2018

Psychological theories often locate the problem of prejudice within people. However, prejudice stems from both people and places. Prejudiced contexts are places with predictable, systematic inequalities in experience and outcomes based on people’s social group memberships—advantaging people from some social groups, while disadvantaging people from others. The prejudice-in-places model illuminates sources of inequality that would otherwise be overlooked and suggests novel avenues for intervention. By understanding how norms, values, policies, practices, and procedures can create prejudiced places, leaders and policymakers can intentionally debias environments so that members of all social groups can flourish in educational and organizational settings.
Removing duplicated geometries in IFC models using rigid body transformation estimation and flyweight design pattern
Authors: Vonthron Andre , Koch Christian , König Markus
Published: February 2018

Background

The digital process of Building Information Modeling (BIM) involves the creation and modification of CAD-based building models. The complexity of such models has been increasing steadily within the last few years. BIM Models are usually being exchanged using open and standardized data formats. In this context, the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) are widely used. Therefore, software vendors provide interfaces for dealing with the IFC format. To obtain a high level of data integrity, however, IFC elements are often managed as completely distinct entities, which can result in the creation of multiple copies of identical pieces of information. Since the trend to provide web-based solutions for BIM applications is also becoming increasingly important, especially the conflict between available resource consumption and suitable response times must be considered. Although existing optimization algorithms can reduce the size of an IFC file by analyzing its structure syntactically, there is still the gap to detect identical pieces of geometries that are syntactically distinct. Also, when subsequently merging such geometries, the available sharing concepts must be questioned.

Methods

The contribution of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, we propose an algorithm to retrospectively detect identical geometries by estimating the rigid body transformation. On the other hand, we outline and evaluate the available possibilities for sharing geometries within the IFC data model. The so-called flyweight pattern is applied to provide and maintain the appropriate reuse of identical information.

Results

The methodologies are exemplary demonstrated by modeling and optimizing a typical tunnel lining structure, which contains many repetitive elements. As a result, a noticeable reduction of storage and processing time can be measured.

Conclusions

Establishing BIM in large building projects, where complexity not only depends on variation and geometric detail, but also depends on enormous repetition of these elements, a significant benefit is expected.
Informatics Approaches to Address New Challenges in the Classification of Lymphoid Malignancies
Authors: Jordan Jacob , Goldstein Jordan S. , Jaye David L. , Gurcan Metin , Flowers Christopher R. , Cooper Lee A.D.
Published: February 2018

Purpose

Lymphoid malignancies are remarkably heterogeneous, with variations in outcomes and clinical, biologic, and histologic presentation complicating classification according to the World Health Organization guidelines. Incorrect classification of lymphoid neoplasms can result in suboptimal therapeutic strategies for individual patients and confound the interpretation of clinical trials involving personalized, class-based treatments. This review discusses the potential role of pathology informatics in improving the classification accuracy and objectivity for lymphoid malignancies.

Design

We identified peer-reviewed publications examining pathology informatics approaches for the classification of lymphoid malignancies, reviewed developments in the lymphoma classification systems, and summarized computational methods for pathologic assessment that can impact practice.

Results

Computer-assisted pathology image analysis algorithms in lymphoma most commonly have been applied to follicular lymphoma to address biologic heterogeneity and subjectivity in the process of classification.

Conclusion

Objective methods are available to assist pathologists in lymphoma classification and grading, and have been demonstrated to provide measurable benefits in specific contexts. Future validation and extension of these approaches will require datasets that link high resolution pathology images available for image analysis algorithms with clinical variables and follow up outcomes.
Characterizing Potentially Preventable Cancer- and Chronic Disease–Related Emergency Department Use in the Year After Treatment Initiation: A Regional Study
Authors: Panattoni Laura , Fedorenko Catherine , Greenwood-Hickman Mikael Anne , Kreizenbeck Karma , Walker Julia R. , Martins Renato , Eaton Keith D. , Rieke John W. , Conklin Ted , Smith Bruce , Lyman Gary , Ramsey Scott D.
Published: February 2018

Purpose:

As new quality metrics and interventions for potentially preventable emergency department (ED) visits are implemented, we sought to compare methods for evaluating the prevalence and costs of potentially preventable ED visits that were related to cancer and chronic disease among a commercially insured oncology population in the year after treatment initiation.

Methods:

We linked SEER records in western Washington from 2011 to 2016 with claims from two commercial insurers. The study included patients who were diagnosed with a solid tumor and tracked ED utilization for 1 year after the start of chemotherapy or radiation. Cancer symptoms from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services metric and a patient-reported outcome intervention were labeled potentially preventable (PpCancer). Prevention Quality Indicators of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality were labeled potentially preventable–chronic disease (PpChronic). We reported the primary diagnosis, all diagnosis field coding (1 to 10), and 2016 adjusted reimbursements.

Results:

Of 5,853 eligible patients, 27% had at least one ED visit, which yielded 2,400 total visits. Using primary diagnosis coding, 49.8% of ED visits had a PpCancer diagnosis, whereas 3.2% had a PpChronic diagnosis. Considering all diagnosis fields, 45.0%, 9.4%, and 18.5% included a PpCancer only, a PpChronic only, and both a PpCancer and a PpChronic diagnosis, respectively. The median reimbursement per visit was $735 (interquartile ratio, $194 to $1,549).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of potentially preventable ED visits was generally high, but varied depending on the diagnosis code fields and the group of codes considered. Future research is needed to understand the complex landscape of potentially preventable ED visits and measures to improve value in cancer care delivery.
Core Muscle Injuries in Athletes
Authors: Poor Alexander E. , Roedl Johannes B. , Zoga Adam C. , Meyers William C.
Published: February 2018

Lower abdominal and groin injuries are among the most common causes of pain and lost playing time in sports. Perhaps the most important obstacle in understanding these injuries is the lack of consensus on nomenclature. There have been numerous advances in recent years in the understanding, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these injuries. The purpose of this review is to provide a general perspective on the current understanding of these injuries and a summary of recent advances.
Measuring evolutionary rates of proteins in a structural context
Authors: Sydykova Dariya K. , Jack Benjamin R. , Spielman Stephanie J. , Wilke Claus O.
Published: February 2018

We describe how to measure site-specific rates of evolution in protein-coding genes and how to correlate these rates with structural features of the expressed protein, such as relative solvent accessibility, secondary structure, or weighted contact number. We present two alternative approaches to rate calculations: One based on relative amino-acid rates, and the other based on site-specific codon rates measured as dN/dS. We additionally provide a code repository containing scripts to facilitate the specific analysis protocols we recommend.
Matchmaking in Bioinformatics
Authors: Mathé Ewy , Busby Ben , Piontkivska Helen ,   Team of Developers
Published: February 2018

Ever return from a meeting feeling elated by all those exciting talks, yet unsure how all those presented glamorous and/or exciting tools can be useful in your research?  Or do you have a great piece of software you want to share, yet only a handful of people visited your poster? We have all been there, and that is why we organized the Matchmaking for Computational and Experimental Biologists Session at the latest ISCB/GLBIO’2017 meeting in Chicago (May 15-17, 2017). The session exemplifies a novel approach, mimicking “matchmaking”, to encouraging communication, making connections and fostering collaborations between computational and non-computational biologists. More specifically, the session facilitates face-to-face communication between researchers with similar or differing research interests, which we feel are critical for promoting productive discussions and collaborations.  To accomplish this, three short scheduled talks were delivered, focusing on RNA-seq, integration of clinical and genomic data, and chromatin accessibility analyses.  Next, small-table developer-led discussions, modeled after speed-dating, enabled each developer (including the speakers) to introduce a specific tool and to engage potential users or other developers around the table.  Notably, we asked the audience whether any other tool developers would want to showcase their tool and we thus added four developers as moderators of these small-table discussions.  Given the positive feedback from the tool developers, we feel that this type of session is an effective approach for promoting valuable scientific discussion, and is particularly helpful in the context of conferences where the number of participants and activities could hamper such interactions.
Case Report: a rare case of PASH mimicking a lactational adenoma
Authors: Hoggard Sam , Meara Natalie , Bundred Sara
Published: February 2018

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a rare, benign breast lesion that is usually discovered as an incidental finding in breast biopsies. We present a case report of a twenty three-year-old female who presented with a large central mass in the left breast 24 weeks into her pregnancy. An ultrasound-guided core biopsy was performed which was reported as a lactational adenoma and due to the significant size of the mass it was excised as a suspected giant lactational adenoma. The ultrasound appearance was of a mass with well-defined superficial and radial margins with multiple large gentle lobulations, and a thin echogenic pseudocapsule pointing towards a benign diagnosis. Multiple prominent internal vessels were visualised on doppler imaging; PASH lesions do not commonly have internal blood flow which therefore pointed away from the diagnosis in this case. It is likely the imaging features were confounded by the pregnant state. Macroscopically, the lesion consisted of a large lobulated red mass measuring 170 x 170 x 75 mm and weighing 838 g with a central area containing yellow cream-like material measuring 25 x 20 mm. Microscopically, the breast tissue showed prominent gynaecomastoid-like lobules with intervening oedematous stroma showing florid pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia. There was prominent but only patchy lactational change. PASH can often be an incidental finding and is commonly found in combination with other diagnoses. It is therefore possible for PASH to be overlooked in biopsy specimens, as in this case, and it is important to analyse the breast stroma carefully for evidence of PASH, even if the biopsy contains an alternative lesion that could account for the mass seen clinically. We feel this case highlights the potential for PASH to be overlooked in core biopsy specimens when a concurrent lesion is present and therefore not appropriately treated.
Diseases in men caused by the human papillomavirus: Let's hear it for the boys
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: February 2018

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to the development of different forms of cancer. In this article Ian Peate looks at HPV-related disease in men and explains why it is important that the HPV immunisation campaign should be extended to include all young people.
Nearly 50 000 children have been missing from education
Authors: Feuchtwang Anna
Published: February 2018

Too little is known about the thousands of children who are missing education. Anna Feuchtwang explains why these children are at substantial risk and why more effort must be made to collect this data.
Nurse-run clinic for functional bowel disorders at a district general hospital
Authors: Khan Usman , Basrai Samrait , Lewis Maria , Haray Puthucode
Published: February 2018

Background:

Functional bowel disorders (FBDs) include constipation, diarrhoea, bloating and unspecified FBD. FBDs have serious symptoms that impact quality of life and require effective resource management to reduce their impact on clinical services.

Aim:

The experience of a nurse-led FBD service in a UK district general hospital is presented. The service is protocol driven and led by a colorectal clinical nurse specialist (CNS), with appropriate consultant supervision. Referrals are from primary care and consultant clinicians.

Method:

Demographics, investigations, treatments and outcomes were analysed using a prospectively run database of the clinic's patients from 2005 to 2016.

Results:

There were records of 980 patients (median age 56 years; 115M:865F); 60.1% had diarrhoea alone, 36.5% had constipation alone and 3.4% had both. Investigations included barium enema, endoanal ultrasound and transit study. Treatments included rectal irrigation (59.7%), laxative (53.2%), enema (12.3%), anti-diarrhoeal (6%), bowel training (2.4%) or another drug (1.8%). Conservative management was successful in most patients, and only 83 (8.4%) patients were referred for surgery.

Conclusion:

The nurse-led service is safe, effective and has good outcomes, with a low surgery conversion and high patient satisfaction.
Wound Curriculum for Nurses
Authors: Pokorná Andrea , Holloway Samantha , Strohal Robert , Verheyen-Cronau Ida
Published: February 2018

The European Wound Management Association (EWMA) has just finalised the first curriculum in a series of several curricula intended for use in levels 5–7 of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF)1. The aim of these is to support a common approach to post-registration qualification in wound management for nurses across Europe. EWMA hopes and will work towards a close collaboration with European nurse organisations as well as educational institutions to implement these common curricula
Cost-effectiveness of using a collagen-containing dressing plus compression therapy in non-healing venous leg ulcers
Authors: Guest Julian F. , Rana Karan , Singh Heenal , Vowden Peter
Published: February 2018

Objective:

To estimate whether collagen-containing dressings could potentially afford the UK's National Health Service (NHS) a cost-effective intervention for the management of non-healing venous leg ulcers (VLUs).

Method:

This was a modelling study performed from the perspective of the UK's NHS. A combination of published clinical outcomes, resource utilisation estimates and utilities for VLUs enabled the construction of a decision model, depicting the management of a chronic VLU with standard care or with a collagen-containing dressing plus compression therapy followed by standard care, over a period of 6 months. The model estimated the incremental cost-effectiveness of the two interventions in terms of the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained at 2015/16 prices.

Results:

The treatment of VLUs of >6 months' duration with a collagen-containing dressing plus compression therapy followed by standard care, instead of standard care, is expected to increase the probability of healing from 0.11 to 0.49 by 6 months and increase health-related quality of life at 6 months from 0.331 to 0.373 QALYs per patient. Additionally, treatment with a collagen-containing dressing plus compression therapy followed by standard care has the potential to reduce management costs by 40% over 6 months when compared with standard care (from £6328 to £3789 per patient).

Conclusion:

Within the study's limitations, including a collagen-containing dressing into a standard care protocol compared with standard care potentially affords the NHS a cost-effective (dominant) treatment since it improves outcomes for less cost.
O Coordenador de Curso Superior e a Autopercepção do PsyCap
Authors: Silva Andréia Bonato da , Cabral Patrícia Martins Fagundes , Vaccaro Guilherme Luís Roehe , Azevedo Débora Costa de
Published: February 2018

Este estudo objetivou analisar a autopercepção de coordenadores de curso superior de IES privadas e comunitárias do RS/Brasil sobre o seu Capital Psicológico (PsyCap) e a sua capacidade de gerá-lo nos professores com os quais trabalham. O estudo é baseado em quatro dimensões para analisar o PsyCap: Otimismo, Autoeficácia, Esperança e Resiliência (Luthans, Youssef, & Avolio, 2007; Luthans, Youssef-Morgan, & Avolio, 2015) e em referências sobre Gestão Universitária (Argenta, 2011; Colombo, 2011, 2013; Demo, 2005; Ferreira, 2009; Franco, 2013; Marcon, 2008). O estudo é quanti-qualitativo e os dados foram recolhidos por meio eletrónico com o instrumento Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ24) (N=309), seguida de entrevistas semiestruturadas a 10 coordenadores. A análise dos dados indica que ao coordenador são atribuídas várias atividades operacionais, o que interfere na sua capacidade de gerir plenamente o curso que coordena. Observou-se uma média mais alta de Autoeficácia nos homens, e Otimismo nas mulheres. O tempo de atuação no meio universitário foi significativo para o nível de PsyCap percebido, apontando que os coordenadores com 5 a 10 anos de atuação em IES apresentam as maiores médias no PsyCap.
Primeiros Socorros Psicológicos: Intervenção psicológica na catástrofe
Authors: Beja Maria João , Portugal Alda , Câmara Joana , Berenguer Cláudia , Rebolo Ana , Crawford Carlota , Gonçalves Dinis
Published: February 2018

As catástrofes são acontecimentos traumáticos que provocam grandes perdas de vida, com implicações na saúde e/ou materiais que podem afetar muitas pessoas. O incremento da ocorrência e magnitude destes incidentes conduziu a uma consciencialização crescente sobre o impacto das mesmas ao nível do funcionamento psicológico e da saúde mental, assim como da importância do desenvolvimento de uma intervenção precoce cuidadosamente estruturada e organizada. Os Primeiros Socorros Psicológicos foram desenvolvidos como uma forma de intervenção de apoio psicossocial precoce e englobam um conjunto de princípios e diretrizes orientadas para a promoção da estabilização emocional em indivíduos afetados por incidentes críticos. Este artigo pretende contribuir para a sistematização dos conhecimentos nesta área de estudos que se encontra numa fase emergente em Portugal.
Pendidikan Karakter Holistik Integratif di PAUD Terpadu ‘Aisyiyah Nur’aini Ngampilan Yogyakarta
Authors: Widodo Hendro , Risti P Avanti Vera
Published: February 2018

This study aims to determine: 1) The basis of character education holistically and integratively in Early Childhood Nuraini; 2) The PAUD program environment is developed for the development of character education in a holistic and integrative manner; 3) actions and actions of educators in their role of developing character education holistically and integratively, and 4) parent involvement in the character education model holistically and integratively.The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) Moral Education Platform, Moral, Holistic and Integrative Character in Integrated Early Childhood 'Aisyiyah Nur'aini uses the foundation of religion, local culture and objective values ​​of the nation. Character values ​​can be taught systematically in the Holistic character education model as follows: a) Habituation (good habituation and culture), b) learning good things (mora, knowing), c) morale Feeling and loving: feeling and loving good, d) moral acting (good action), and e) model (moral model) of the surrounding environment; 2) the environment here is divided into the physical and social environment. In view of the physical environment shows the lack of school lighting due to the geographic conditions of schools located in the lowlands and surrounding there are level buildings so that the school conditions seem dark or lack of open lighting. Non-physical environment is seen from the interaction of all teachers in developing character education in an integrative holistic way. Implementation of character education is done every day in the classroom through habituation (habituation) with modeling of teachers with 5K requirements (consensus, commitment, consistent, continuous and consequent); 3) The teacher's action is to integrate the child's character in integrated intellectual, moral and physical development; and 4) parental involvement in character education through parenting education and parenting class activities.
Konstruksi Multicultural-Oriented Sejak Dini Melalui Keterampilan Menyimak Berbasis Al-Qur’an
Authors: Jannah Rina Roudhotul
Published: February 2018

This research is intended to reveal the importance of constructing of early multicultural-oriented education by linking it to the perspective of the Qur'an’s explain that listening activities affect the way of interpretation of one's socio-cultural outlook in solving problems such as SARA based conflict issues that often occur in Indonesia. The results showed that introducing multicultural through listening activities in early childhood can be done with the help of educators and parents. Some of these alternatives are the provision of learning models that have high intensity in children listening activities, nationalist revitalization that leads to national integration, nationalism that respects cultural differences, and include the soul of nationalism on the pre-school’s curriculum.
Los derechos de la personalidad de la mujer gestante ante una gestación subrogada. El derecho a la integridad física y psíquica y el derecho a la protección de datos de carácter personal y habeas data
Authors: Bartolomé Tutor Aránzazu
Published: February 2018

El presente trabajo analiza los derechos de la personalidad de la mujer gestante que se ven afectos ante una gestación subrogada. Concretamente el derecho a la integridad física y psíquica o el derecho a la protección de datos de carácter personal y habeas data.
Designs and performance of three new microprocessor-controlled knee joints
Authors: Thiele Julius , Schöllig Christina , Bellmann Malte , Kraft Marc
Published: February 2018

A crossover design study with a small group of subjects was used to evaluate the performance of three microprocessor-controlled exoprosthetic knee joints (MPKs): C-Leg 4, Plié 3 and Rheo Knee 3. Given that the mechanical designs and control algorithms of the joints determine the user outcome, the influence of these inherent differences on the functional characteristics was investigated in this study. The knee joints were evaluated during level-ground walking at different velocities in a motion analysis laboratory. Additionally, technical analyses using patents, technical documentations and X-ray computed tomography (CT) for each knee joint were performed. The technical analyses showed that only C-Leg 4 and Rheo Knee 3 allow microprocessor-controlled adaptation of the joint resistances for different gait velocities. Furthermore, Plié 3 is not able to provide stance extension damping. The biomechanical results showed that only if a knee joint adapts flexion and extension resistances by the microprocessor all known advantages of MPKs can become apparent. But not all users may benefit from the examined functions: e.g. a good accommodation to fast walking speeds or comfortable stance phase flexion. Hence, a detailed comparison of user demands and performance of the designated knee joint is mandatory to ensure a maximum in user outcome.
Approaches for calibration and validation of near-infrared optical methods for oxygenation monitoring
Authors: Hornberger Christoph , Wabnitz Heidrun
Published: February 2018

Pulse oximetry for arterial oxygenation monitoring and tissue oximetry for monitoring of cerebral oxygenation or muscle oxygenation are based on quantitative in vivo diffuse optical spectroscopy. However, in both cases the information on absolute or relative concentration of human tissue constituents and especially on hemoglobin oxygenation can often not be retrieved by model-based analysis. An in vivo calibration against an accepted reference measurement can be a practical alternative. Pulse oximeters and most of commercial cerebral tissue oximeters rely on empirical calibration based on invasive controlled human desaturation studies. As invasive in vivo tests on healthy subjects are ethically disputable and should be limited to exceptional cases this calibration practice is unsatisfactory. We present the current status and problems of calibration and validation in pulse oximetry and cerebral tissue oximetry including the pros and cons of in vivo as well as in vitro methods. We emphasize various digital and physical phantom approaches and discuss the prospects of their application and possible further developments.
Re-creating the engagement in managerial learning
Authors: Gatarik Eva , Born Rainer
Published: February 2018

When defending his doctoral dissertation, Umberto Eco was accused of narrative fallacy because he presented his research as if it were a detective novel. He should have presented only his conclusions. However, this criticism inspired Eco to claim that “[e]very scientific book should be ... the report of a quest for some Holy Grail” (Eco, 2011, p. 7). A quest presupposes engagement on both sides of the knowledge exchange. Building upon our own research, we have produced a model-theoretic scheme for management studies in support of the practicability of Eco’s claim. The idea is to re-create the engagement when establishing problem-solving competence in managerial learning: We start with an analysis of real-life cases of successful managerial problem solving (“best practices”). Next, we attempt to find the common denominator of those successful solutions. Lastly, we instantiate the principles found in the previous step in new problem situations, and thus provide new uses for them.
Slurs, truth-value judgements, and context sensitivity
Authors: Sileo Roberto B.
Published: February 2018

Cappelen and Lepore (2005) claim that the English language contains a basic and limited set of context-sensitive expressions, as only expressions within this set pass the truth-related tests that they propose to single out context-sensitive from context-insensitive words. In this paper, I argue that racial and ethnic slurs also pass Cappelen and Lepore’s context sensitivity tests and that, as a result, slurs should also be seen as context-sensitive expressions in a truth-related sense.
“It’s also a kind of adrenalin competition” – selected aspects of the sex trade as viewed by clients
Authors: Ondrášek Stanislav , Řimnáčová Zuzana , Kajanová Alena
Published: February 2018

The main goal of the article is to describe selected aspects of the sex trade as viewed by clients who make use of the services provided by sex workers. We use data obtained through a content analysis of selected topics discussed on an erotic forum called Nornik.net. The topics were: Can a person stop “screwing”?; what was your first contact with the sex trade and how can a person hide their visits to sex workers? In the course of the analysis, we identified an additional category that featured in all the topics: “trophy collecting”. The discussants perceive sex workers as a commodity to be purchased and subsequently evaluated. The discussants tended to compete among themselves to visit the most sex workers or to be first to visit the latest sex worker. The discussion forum serves as a support centre and contains hints and tips on different areas of “screwing” and related issues. The forum also displays certain features of a community.
Voices from altarpieces: Making sense of the sacred
Authors: Nežinská Emma
Published: February 2018

The article is a cultural-philosophical response to Ivan Gerát’s Legendary Scenes and his art history interpretation of the function of Slovak hagiographic pictorial art of the Late Middle Ages. The thrust is on paintings of Christian ethical extremism, reflected in the principle of imitatio Christi. It led to the deaths of martyrs and saints in the name of the Faith. The preponderance of brutal scenes involving the tortured human body in this period art is examined in detail and it is suggested that these portrayals are disincentives that put off the mass culture beholder. The contextualist art history method employed in Gerát’s book is gradually explored, along with its potential to transform the uninterested postmodern beholder into an intelligent beholder and art tourist. Attention is paid to the educational and national branding aspects of Legendary Scenes.