bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gynura, M. Persicae Control, Wooster, Ohio, 1978
Authors: Lindquist Richard K.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were applied as foliar sproys, soil drenches, and granules at 1/2X, IX, and 4X for M. persicae control and phytotoxicity evaluations on greenhouse Gynura. Foliar sprays were applied to runoff with a CO2 sprayer at 40 psi. Granules were applied to the growing media surface and watered in. Soil drenches were applied at the rate of 120 ml/pot. Treatments were applied on Jun 27’78. Data are means of 4 replications, with aphids recorded from apical areas of 4 plants/replicate.
Gladiolus, Gladiolus Thrips, Melon Aphis and Twospotted Spider Mite Control, 1979
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

The possible effects of three insecticides on gladiolus pests was evaluated on three varieties of gladiolus between Jul 10 and Aug 29'79. The planting was near West Point, Indiana. All of the treatments were foliar sprays applied with a one gallon B & G stainless steel sprayer operating at 30 psi. A randomized block design was used with five replications.
Dwarf Burford Holly, Tea Scale Control, 1979
Authors: Ray Charles H. , Williams Michael L.
Published: March 2022

Thirty-six 1 ft tall, container grown dwarf burford hollies heavily infested with tea scale were selected for treatment. Test plants were growing in 1 gal plastic pots. Test materials were applied Jun 18'79. Chevron spray-sticker was added to all treat-ments at the rate of 2.4 ml/gal of spray mixture. The foliage of all plants was sprayed to runoff using compressed air sprayers. Treatments were replicated 3 times, one plant constituting a replication. Plants were allowed to dry and then were returned to a plastic greenhouse. Efficacy of the treatments was de-termined on Jul 3'79 by examining 100 adult female tea scales per plant. Mortality counts were made with the use of a stereo-microscope by examining each scale insect and scoring it as living if normally colored and fullbodied or dead if discolored and shriveled or dried.
Juniper, Bagworm Control, 1979
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Pamell L. A.
Published: March 2022

A row of 40 common Junipers, ca. 6 ft. high and uniformly infested with bagworms, were selected for treatment. Insecticides were applied on June 27'79 using a D.B. Smith 5-gal sprayer at 40 psi. Plants were treated to runoff. On July 6, mortality was determined by collecting 10 bags from each treated plant and placing them in the greenhouse at 120° F for 30 minutes. Live larvae began moving immediately.
Napdragons, Flower Thrips, Green Melon Aphid and Twospotted Spider Mite Control, 1979
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

Five insecticides were evaluated against the flower thrips, melon aphid and twospotted spider mite on snapdragons. The plants in a private garden in West Lafayette, Indiana were treated on July 3'79 using a B & G stainless steel one gallon compressed air sprayer operating at 30 psi. A randomized block design was utilized with three replications; a single plant comprised a plot. At the time of treatment the plants were 12-14 inches high. One month after treatment a floral head was removed from each plant, bagged, taken to the laboratory, and placed in a Berlese funnel. Three days later the sample was removed and the mites, aphids and thrips counted under a binocular microscope.
Control of Willow Leaf Beetle on Willows, 1979
Authors: Pinksron Ken , Price Richard
Published: March 2022

Four insecticides were tested to control willow leaf beetle larvae on black and weeping willows at a private housing subdivision in Stillwater, Oklahoma. Willows 10 to 20 feet high were utilized and treatments were randomized and replicated three times. Trees were separated by sufficient distance to avoid spray drift. Treatments were made with a John Bean 55 sprayer and a Spraying Systems Gun, Jet No. 43 which delivered 3.2 gal/min at 300 psi. The trees were treated May 16'79 when the temperature was 84°F and the wind velocity ranged from 3-5 mph, Pretreatment and posttreatment larval counts were determined by examining the leaves on 24 inches of terminal branch growth at ten different locations in each tree.
Apple, Evaluation of Sprayers, 1979
Authors: Hull L. A . , Hickey K. D.
Published: March 2022

Distribution pattern, amount of deposit and biological efficacy of pesticides applied by different commercial airblast sprayers were measured in a mature block of 'Stayman Winesap' apple trees. Trees used were planted at a distance of 9.1 m in rows 10.7 m apart and were well pruned to a height of 3.7 to 4.3 m. Comparisons of one conventional and three low-volume, mist-type airblast sprayers were made. Treatments were randomized in a complete block design with four replicated single tree plots. Sprays were applied during calm air conditions from only one side of the sprayers and treated trees were separated by one row of trees which minimized drift. The same chemicals and amounts/acre were applied on Jun 25 with all sprayers driven at 2.5 mph but the amount of spray mixture varied. The pesticides and the chemical tracer used/acre were as follows; Kelthane 35W 4.0 lb, Sevin 50W 4.0 lb, Phosphamidon 8EC 8.0 fl oz, Triton B-1956 8.0 fl oz, and Fire Orange A-14 1.0 lb. Observations for the effectiveness of the insecticide deposit were made on terminals collected 3.7 to 4.3 m high (top of tree) on both sides (east and west) nearest the sprayer outlet and along the middle top of the tree parallel to the tree row. Five terminals/section were observed for number of leaves infested and number of live aphids on the most infested leaf/in fested terminal. Spray distribution and estimated percent upper and lower leaf surface covered by droplets containing the fluorescent chemical was determined by observing under ultra-violet light 25 leaves/tree collected at random from the top middle secti on of the tree. Samples were collected after the spray was dry on Jun 25. The percent surface covered with droplets was estimated visually using the Barratt-Horsfall method. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using the appropriate transformation, Duncan K - ratio test for mean separation.
Kentucky Bluegrass, Sod Webworm Control, 1979
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

A series of 33 treatments were applied to a Kentucky bluegrass lawn at the Federated Church in West Lafayette, Indiana on June 6-7'79. At the time of application adult moths were flying and egg deposition for the first generation had begun. Plots were 7 by 14 feet and the experiment was replicated five times. Sprays were applied with a boom mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. A pres-sure of 30 psi was maintained with a CO2 tank. Granular applications were made with a 7 foot wide John Deere granular applicator mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. Temperatures at the time of application were 84 - 87° F. Half of each plot was sampled on July 5 and Aug 2 by applying a mixture of “Diagnostic Aid” and water to half of the plot with a sprinkling can and counting the number of larvae that emerged.
Comparative Toxicity of Technical Orthene and Orthene 75S To Western Spruce Budworm And Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth, 1979
Authors: Haverty Michael I. , Rappaporf Nancy G.
Published: March 2022

The Chevron Chemical Co. is changing the formulation of acephate for forestry used from 75% a.i. (Orthene 75S) to 97% a.i. (technical Orthene). Orthene 75S is registered for control of western spruce budworm (WSBW) and Douglas-fir tussock moth (DFTM), at the present time. To assess whether the change in formulation would affect toxicity, feeding tests were done on 6th stage WSBW and 4th stage DFTM. Both formulations were dissolved in distilled water on the basis of weight/volume concentrations of the active ingredient. Eight concentrations serially diluted from a freshly prepared concentrate were used in each of 3 to 6 replications for each formulation and species. Two hundred jul of each concentration were added to 10 cc aliquots of liquefied artificial diet, and the mixture was stirred thoroughly in a plastic pill cup. When gelled, each died mold was removed from the pill cut and fed to 10 larvae. Mortality was tallied after 3 and 7 days of feeding.
Toxicities of Topically Applied Insecticides To Western Spruce Budworm, 1979
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline L. , Kimball Richard A.
Published: March 2022

Topical application tests were conducted to determine the toxicities of 10 insecticides to 6th instar western spruce budworm. Insects were randomly selected from the 82nd generation of a nondiapausing laboratory colony. Eight concentrations of each chemical were serially diluted from a concentrated source prepared for each of three replications of each experiment. Each chemical was applied in reagent grade acetone. Treatment- was performed with an ISCO model M microapplicator equipped with a 0.25 cc tuberculin syringe. A dosage rate of 1 jul/100 mg body weight was used to apply the insecticide to the thoracic dorsa of CO2-anesthetized larvae weighing 60-120 mg. After treatment, larvae were fed artificial diet. Mortality was tallied 7 days after treatment.
Cooley Spruce Gall Aphid Control in Christmas Tree Plantings With Aldicarb, Windsor, Connecticut, 1977-79
Authors: Ahrens J. F.
Published: March 2022

Cooley aphids on Douglas-fir reduce growth rates and quality for Christmas trees. Aphid galls on Colorado spruce also reduce tree quality. Granular aldicarb (Temik 10G) was first applied on Sept 8'76 at the rate of 10 grams of granules per tree in single bar holes 4 to 6 in deep at the drip line of trees in a plantation established 4 seasons. The hight of the trees averaged about 2.5 ft in Sept '76 and 5 ft in Apr'79. The holes were closed with a kick of the heel. The trees were planted in two row plots spaced 6 ft apart with 5 trees per row spaced 3 ft apart. Temik 10G was applied on one row of each plot. Plots were replicated three times with Colorado spruce and 12 times with Douglas-fir. The soil type was a sandy loam. In May'77 aphid infestations were rated on all trees. Temik 10G was reapplied on Apr 13'78 using 10 grams per tree, and on Apr 10'79 using 20 grams per tree. Ratings of aphid damage on Douglas-fir were made in Aug'78 and Aug'79 on a scale of 0 to 4, with 0 as no injury and 4 as severe injury. Counts of gall infested Colorado spruce also were made.
Candidate Pesticides for Quarantine Use, 1979
Authors: Cawley Bryant M. , Morgan Neal , Staker Kathy , Hayes Dora K. , Fons James , Weinland Bernard
Published: March 2022

Laboratory reared species were caged and exposed to pesticide formulations in transport trailers (ca 71 m3 volume) in Miami, Florida. Twenty five adult tobacco budworms were caged in 3.8 I paper cans. One hundred each adult house and face flies, and mosquitoes, and 50 adult and nymphal German cockroaches were caged in 0.24 I paper cans. Twenty five adult brown dog ticks were caged in 29.6 ml cups. All cages were covered on the upper surface with 6x7 mesh/cm^ nylon net; cups containing ticks were covered with a double layer. Test insects were placed on the vans floor close to the sides. Dusts were formulated with HiSil 233 as the inert carrier and introduced into trailers with a CO2 "gun". EC's and ULV formulations were applied neat with a battery-powered spinning disk device from Micron West, Inc., 8582 Katy Freeway, Houston, TX 77024. Aerosols were formulated with Freon 12 propellant. Cosolvenr, ethanol (10% w/w), was added to the FMC-35171 aerosol formulation. Aerosols were released inside closed trailers, both the premeasured total release, and the manual release were applied while the applicator walked the length of the trailer. Manual release aerosols were sprayed for the required length of time based on release rate, and an accurate dose was obtained by weighing and releasing additional material as necessary. Dusts and sprays were administered through an open rear door. Exposure lasted for 10 min with doors closed and an additional 20 min with one door open. Mortality (dead + moribund) counts were made at 24 hr. Average temp at treatment was 24°C. Tests were replicated at least twice, and Abbott's formula was used to adjust for control mortality as necessary. Results were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test.
Effectiveness of Insecticides Applied To Concrete for Argentine Ant Control, 1979
Authors: Wagner Robert E. , Strawn Ann J.
Published: March 2022

Residues of 10 insecticides were prepared, tested fresh and after I mo and 6 mo of aging against field collected argentine ant workers in replicated tests. Each chemical was replicated 5 times on one 30.5 cm square concrete stepping stone. Each replicate comprised the area surrounded by a 9 cm diam transparent plexiglas ring ca 2.5 cm tall sealed to the concrete surface with paraffin. The side walls of the plexiglas rings were coated with teflon emulsion to prevent the ants from escaping and humidity was provided by a moistened 5 cm length of dental wick taped to Petri dish lids which were used to cover the plexiglas rings. A replicate series of each toxicant was prepared by pipetting 0.5 ml of 1% or 0.5% water diluted insecticide onto the area within each plexiglas ring and allowing the residues to air-dry for I da. The resulting residues were at the rate of ca 800 mg/m2 for 1% and ca 400 mg/m2 for 0.5% applications. Ants were collected from foraging trails just prior to each test and were continuously exposed in groups of 10-20 workers/replicate until KD-90 minutes was reached. If mortality occurred in control dishes before KD-90s were reached on residues, mortality for each replicate was corrected with Abbott's formula.
Cattle, Ear Tags and High Pressure Sprays for Face And Horn Fly Control on Beef Cattle, 1979
Authors: Hall R. D. , English L. M. , Doisy K. E. , Halloway K. R. , Jones F. G.
Published: March 2022

Herds of cattle ranging from 15 to 80 head were tested in 2 locations in Missouri during 1979. In Boone Co., 2 herds were treated by placing a single 8.0% wt/wt Ectrin (fenvalerate) plastic ear tag per head on June 7 and 11, respectively. A herd of 70 was treated on June 6 at the rate of 2 tags/head with Shoo-Fly wick-type ear devices containing 1.0% dichlorvos in heavy gear oil. Additional herds were sprayed to run-off with the following materials on dates indicated using a power sprayer delivering 150 Ib/sq in (1034 kPa): 0.06% Co-Ral WP (June 16, July 14, and August 31), 0.5% Rabon WP (June 20, July 10, August 11, and September 17), 0.5% Ravap EC (May 31, June 12, July 10, August 11, and September 17), and 0.5% toxaphene EC (2 herds: the 1st on dates identical with the Ravap treatments, and the 2nd on June 20, July 10, August 17, and September 18). Untreated control herds were maintained in 2 locations; however, the 1st of these was treated with Insecticide during mid-season. Similar tests were conducted in Linn Co., where separate herds were treated with 1 or 2 Ectrin tags/head on May 4. On June 21, an additional herd was treated at the rate of 2 tags/head with Shoo-Fly devices containing 1.25% Revap in heavy gear oil. Topical sprays were applied In a manner identical to that used in Boone Co. One herd was treated with 0.5% toxaphene on June 1, June 14, and July 3; 2 herds were sprayed with 0.5% Ravap on these dates. A similar, untreated control herd was maintained in a proximate location. In all cases assessment of treatment efficacy was made on a weekly basis via Inspection of 10 head selected at random from each herd. Face flies were counted on the entire face, and horn flies on a single side of each animal examined. Data thus obtained was converted to logjQ (n+1) prior to analysis; however, true averages are reported.
Apple, Test of Insecticides, 1979
Authors: Hull Larry A.
Published: March 2022

Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of Golden Delicious and 2 replicates of York Imperial. Treated single trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. Experimental sprays were applied with a John Bean sprayer, 35-gpm pump, equipped with a spray mast carrying 7 spray guns arranged to wet the uniformly trimmed trees. Approximately 8.0 gallons of spray were applied/replcate tree. Spray dates for test insecticides were: May 25, Jun 6, 20, Jul 6, 25, Aug 9, 10, and 23, On Jul 26, 228 g/acre of Plictran 50W was applied from the east side of all experimental trees. During the season general sprays involving Cyprex, Polyram, captan, sulfur, zlneb, and calcium chloride were applied with an airblast sprayer at 50 gpa to the whole experi mental block. Average temperatures were: May 60.3°F, Jun 66.2°F, Jul 70.8°F, Aug 71.3°F, and Sep 64.3° F. Rainfall in Inches averaged: May 4.03, Jun 2.41, Jul 3.19, Aug 4.88, and Sep 8.99. Effectiveness on the apple aphid was evaluated by counting the number of infested terminals/10 top terminals/tree, the number of aphid infested leaves/terminal, and the number of aphids/most infested leaf/infested terminal. The effect of the sprays on the white apple leafhopper was evaluated by counting the number of nymphs/25 leaves per tree. Effectiveness of the test chemicals on the European red mite was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 15 leaves/ tree, 60 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the predators, S. punctum and H. vitripennis was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae and adults and nymphs, respectively, around the periphery of the test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after Jul 9 and 2 pick samples on Aug 16 and Sep 7. Apple samples averaged 194 fruits/replicate and 776/treatment. Pest pressure was moderate to heavy throughout the season.
Cattle, Evaluation of Fenvalerate and Tetrachlorvinphos Ear Tags for Horn Fly And Face Fly Control, 1978*
Authors: Herald Freddie , Knapp F. W.
Published: March 2022

Two herds of ten heifers, with one bull per herd, were tagged with one ear tag per ear on June 3'78. Bulls were removed during the 11th week. One herd was tagged with 8.42% fenvalerate tags and the other with 14.7% tetrachlorvinphos tags. Flies were monitored weekly with the aid of binoculars. Horn fly counts were made by estimating the number on one side of each heifer, whereas the total number of face flies found on the face was counted. The effectiveness of the test was determined by comparing the number of flies on untreated cattle within the same area.
Cattle Biting Louse Control, 1979
Authors: Schmidtmann E. T. , Valla M. E.
Published: March 2022

Twenty new-born bull calves were purchased in late December - early January and housed in a temperature controlled calf barn at 10-13°C. Test calves were maintained in veal calf crates modified with plywood and galvanized iron sheeting to prevent contact be-tween animals or louse immigration. Calves were assigned randomly to 4 treatment groups, 5 calves each, in a completely randomized design. A single appli-cation of each treatment was applied on Feb 10. Louse populations were sampled at weekly intervals beginning two weeks prior to treatment and for 6 weeks post-treatment. Ten sites on each animal were sampled; two were narrow strips along the dorsal midline, one between the shoulder blades, the other just anterior to the railhead. The other sample sites were 4x4 inch areas, each defined with a template, two on each side of the withers and the rump approx-imately 10 inches down from the midline. All late instar and adult lice observed in each sample area were talleyed and a mean was calculated for the number of lice at each site within treatments. Weekly mean values were compared by analysis of varience.
Evaluation of Atroban Wipes Against Stable Fly and Face Fly on Horses, 1979
Authors: Knapp F. W.
Published: March 2022

Two ready-to-use 1 and 2% Atroban oil formulations and a 1% water emulsion made from a 42.5% EC formulation were wiped on horses at 2 and 4 oz/liorse. Two horses were used for each treatment and each horse averaged 250 kg. Laboratory reared face flies and stable flies and wild stable flies, when available, were confined, 20 per species, to screened mason jar lids. These were provided sugar water on a cotton pad and 24 hours later exposed to the treated horses for 15 minutes, except for 5 minutes for the last exposure during the test. This was accomplished by placing the lids containing the flies on a 4 × 4 inch galvanized metal and sliding this under an elastic girth fitted around the forward mid-section of the horse. The metal plate was then removed to expose the flies and replaced to recapture the flies. These flies were then returned to the laboratory and the lids containing the flies placed on clean 3x5 inch index cards. Fresh blood, placed on cotton pads, was pro-vided as food. Mortality counts were taken at 24 hours after exposure.
Pear, Codling Moth Control, 1979
Authors: Burts Everett
Published: March 2022

Large Bartlett and d'Anjou pear trees were sprayed with airblast equipment at 400 gpa. Plots consisted of half-acre unreplicated blocks. Three applications of Gufhion were made at traditional timing to coincide with first egg hatch, 21 da later, and the third for the beginning of second brood. The first Dimilin spray was timed to first oviposition, the second was applied 21 da later, and the third was applied at the beginning of second brood activity. Treatments were evaluated by examining 500 fruits (250 from each variety) on Jul 13 for first brood infestation and Aug 13 for total infestation. Predators of pear psylla were counted by the limb tap method 4 times during the spray season. Deraeocorisbrevis and 2 Anthocoris sp., A. melanocerus and A. nemoralis, were the most numerous predators and the only ones reported in the table.
Pear, Grape Mealybug Control, 1979
Authors: Hil William Bruce
Published: March 2022

Parathion was applied at the recommended dosages to determine the most effective time of application. Four treatments, including check, each consisting of 5 single-tree replicates were arranged in a completely randomized design. Sprays were applied until run-off with a handgun sprayer operating at 600 psi. Treatments were timed according to free phenology. Spurs or suckers, 25/treatment, were taken at intervals until crawler emergence ceased. Live crawlers and nymphs were recorded.
Cherry, Chemical Control of Fall Webworm, Wayne Co., Ohio, 1978
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J.
Published: March 2022

Infested cherry (5-15 feet/1.5-4.6 m) growing along roadsides were used for evaluating efficacy of selected insecticides (see table). A Myers wheelbarrow sprayer operating at 200 psi was used to apply ca. 1 gal (0.95 I) finished spray per tree. Three randomly chosen, single-tree replicates, each having at least 1 web with living larvae, were used for each of the 7 treatments. Application was Aug 31 between 3:00 and 6:00 PM (EDT), when larvae were 25-40 mm long. Ambient temperature was 75°F (24°C) with clear sky and winds of 8-10 mph (12-15 kph). Spray was first directed to the tent(s) and then to surrounding foliage. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 5 days post-treatment and required 2 man-hours. One tent from each tree (rep) was dismantled, and living larvae were counted.
Choke Cherry, Chemical Control of Fall Webworm, Ashland Co., Ohio, 1979
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J.
Published: March 2022

Choke cherry (and 1 mulberry and 1 hickory) growing along a roadside were used to evaluate efficacy of selected insecticides against fall webworm. A Myers wheelbarrow sprayer operating at 200 psi was used to apply ca. 1 gallon (3.8 I) finished spray per each 3-5 m tall tree. Three, single-tree replicates, each with at least one viable colony of larvae, were used for each of the 10 treatments. Sprays were applied Aug 30 between 3:00 and 5:00 P.M. (EDT) when larvae were 2-3 cm long. Ambient temperature was 75-80 F (24-27°C) with clear skies and winds of 10-15 mph (16-24 kph). Spray was first directed to webs and then to surrounding foliage. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 5 days post-treatment. One web from each tree (rep) was dismantled, and living and dead larvae were counted.
Pecan Nut Casebearer Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1979
Authors: Boethel David J. , Micinski Stephen
Published: March 2022

The experiment was conducted on mature 'Success' pecan trees (ca. 7 trees per acre) at the L.S.U. Pecan Station, Shreveport, LA. The experimental design was a randomized block design consisting of 3 blocks with 2 trees per treatment per block. Applications were made May 18 with a John Bean 957 sprayer with each tree receiving ca. 35 gal of spray. Evaluation occurred on Jun 11 by counting the number of damaged clusters per 25 randomly selected clusters per tree. A cluster was considered damaged if any nut within the cluster was injured by casebearer. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Pecan, Pecan Nut Casebearer Management, 1979
Authors: Harris Marvin K.
Published: March 2022

Test blocks were established in a mature bearing native pecan grove at Hidden Valley Farms near Hamilton, TX in Hamilton Co., in Apr. Each block consisted of at least 10 trees covering a minimum of 2 acres. Pretreatment monitoring of pecan nut development, weather and oviposition were used to time treatment application. Treatments were applied on May 23. Evaluations were made on Jun 18 by examining 200 nut clusters from a minimum of 4 trees within each treatment for damage from pecan nut casebearer. All chemicals were applied with a 500 gallon capacity speed sprayer as a dilute solution sprayed on the foliage to the point of runoff. No phytotoxicity to foliage or nuts was observed from any treatment. Phosalone was the treatment standard.
Sex Pheromone-Baited Traps as Monitors of Insect Infestation Levels in Stored-Products
Authors: Vick Kenneth W. , Mankin Richard W. , Coffelt James A.
Published: March 2022

As food and fiber pass through harvesting and processing steps, they become increasingly valuable. Products are freed from debris, dead and living insects, and damaged material. Often grading, milling and blending are required before the products are packaged for delivery to wholesale and/or retail markets. During processing and marketing, commodities are usually transported several times. Each step involves expenditures of time and energy, and each processing and transporting event offers significant opportunities for insect infestation or reinfestation. Therefore, detection of low level insect infestations in marketing and transporting channels is of major importance so the proper treatment procedures can be instituted before an infestation grows and is spread far beyond its original boundaries. Also, failure to detect an incipient infestation and take corrective action may lead to the condemnation of an entire batch or shipment.
Two Spotted Spidermite Control Test on Bean, 1978
Authors: Neal John W. , Drake Gale E.
Published: March 2022

Paired bean plants about 8 in. in height, greenhouse grown in plastic pots in perlite medium, were reduced to 2 leaves/plant. Plants were secured in an upright position with plastic ties to bamboo rods inserted in the rooting medium. Each leaf was infested by attaching a section of leaf with a pin from an infested plant from a long established mite colony (N. H. Wright, Cranbury, NJ 1948). A small amount of lanolin was applied to each petiole to restrict migration. Pinned leaf sections were removed after 24 hrs. Spray solution were prepared in water from formulated materials and applied with a Hudson Climax spray to run-off. Each material was applied to 8 plants, i.e., 16 leaves. Compounds were evaluated in 2 tests on 2 different dates. Sprayed plants were maintained in a greenhouse and carefully watered when needed. At day 5 post-treatment, leaves were removed and both sides of the leaf were examined under a stereo-microscope for alive and dead mites.
Foliar Sprays to Control Leafminers, 1978
Authors: Neal John W. , Drake Gale E.
Published: March 2022

The residual effect of Knoxout 2FM (encapsulated diazinon) in controlling leafminer larvae was evaluated in a timed study. Treatments were replicated three times. Forty pair of uninfested 8 in. bean plants, greenhouse grown in 4 - in. plastic pots, were reduced by hand trimming to 2 leaves per plant (160 leaves). Pots were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8 per treatment. Spray solutions of the treatments were applied to runoff with a Hudson 1-gallon sprayer. One group of 8 plants remained untreated. Treated plants were placed in an insect-free greenhouse except that one pair of pots from each treatment (including the control) was placed in an individual fine mesh saran screen cage (17.0 in. h 4, and 6 post-treatment and handled in the same way. The 4 leaves from each pot were examined for the number of miners 5 days after the adults were removed from the cages. Leaves were individually held between folded paper towels for counting of puparium after larval emergence.
Granular Insecticide Whorl Applications to Cabbage, 1979
Authors: Gauthier Norman L.
Published: March 2022

This study investigated the application of granular systemic and controlled release formulations of insecticides on heading cabbage to assess seasonal insect control. A randomized block design of three replications was used with 24-inch row spacing (21,780 linear ft of row/acre) in a plot 5 ft × 30 ft. Dacthat 75W herbicide was used at 12 lbs/acre as a preemergence application. Fertilization consisted of 200 lbs of 20-20-20 fall applied and disced in to this field of cabbage in third year of production. Bravo 6F fungicide at 1.0 qt/acre was applied with a cub tractor boom mounted sprayer in weekly maintenance sprays for disease control. White cabbage, was transplanted on May 23 and granular insecticides applied on Jul 17. A hand held shaker can was used to deliver premeasured granular insecticide amounts per plot over the tops of plants directing granular materials in to tops of head leaves. At this time, the cabbage' was approximately 12 in. high with the first several head leaves forming. At harvest on Aug 7, 10 mature cabbage heads were cut and rated for insect damage/plot. Outer wrapper leaves were removed before damage ratings were made. A heavy infestation of imported cabbage worm and diamondback moth larvae developed in the check. Also, due to the type of application used heavy flea beetle feeding damage occurred on the head leaves. No aphid colonies developed in any of the treatments nor was any phytoxicity observed.
Cabbage Looper Control, 1979
Authors: Reed D. K. , Mouzin T. E.
Published: March 2022

'Green Pak' cabbage was transplanted on May 18 with 10-inch spacing using a mechanical transplanter. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a completely randomized block design. Twenty foot rows were buffered on both sides with broccoli plants at the same spacing. A 3 row, tractor mounted boom operating at 60 psi, delivering 37 gal of H2O/acre, and with 3 nozzles/row was used to apply the materials on Jun 13, 19 and 25; Jul 3, 10 and 17. Effectiveness of the treatments was assessed by counting numbers of cabbage looper larvae on 5 plants/replication every 7-10 days.
Cabbage Maggot Control on Transplant Cabbage, 1979
Authors: Simonet D. E.
Published: March 2022

Cabbage was transplanted on Apr 26, on a 24-in row spacing with 12 in between plants. Two row plots 30-ff long were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Each plot was bordered by an untreated row. Diazinon AG500 and Standak 75WP were applied in the transplant water, Amaze 6E was applied after transplanting as a directed spray using a 3 gal sprayer delivering 100 gal of solution/acre at 40 psi. Damage assessments were made on Jun 8 by counting maggots and tunnels on 20 roots/treatment/replication. Cabbage was harvested and yields were taken on Jul 20.
Control of Root Maggots on Chinese Cabbage, 1977-78
Authors: Halfhill J. E.
Published: March 2022

'Michihli' cabbage was planted in 5 by 20 ft 2-row beds with 22-inch interrow and 16-inch interplant spacing on Jul 26'77 and Jul 27'78 at Yakima, WA. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. The at-planting granular treatments of Dasanit were applied and incorporated by using the “bow wave” method whereby the opening and covering shoes of the seeder are used to distribute and incorporate the insecticide. These were followed by the 30-day postplanting (= 40-day preharvest) application of a band spray of the SC formulation to the soil surface applied in 3.5 gal water/1000 lineal ft of row through “TEEJET” 8005 even spray flat fan nozzles operated at 60 psi by air pressure. Both treatment methods resulted in 6-inch wide bands of insecticide over the row. The efficacy of the treatments was determined by removing, washing and examining the roots of 15 plants selected at random from each bed at harvest. The number of plants injured and the degree of injury were noted and recorded.
Aphid Control on Leaf Lettuce, 1979
Authors: Simonet D. E.
Published: March 2022

Lettuce was planted on Jul 3 with a John Deere 33 planter at the Muck Crops Branch, OARDC, Willard, OH. Pirimor (Test 1) was evaluated on 3 row blocks 40-ft long with 15 inches between rows and 34 inches between blocks with 3 replications of each treatment in a randomized complete block. Other foliar and granular insecticides (Test 2) were evaluated in a separate test in 3-row blocks 30-ft long with 4 replications in a randomized complete block. Both tests had a 3-row untreated border on either side of each treatment. Foliar insecticide applications were applied on the dates indicated using a tractor driven sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 30 psi in a directed spray. Aphid counts were made weekly on 10 plants from the center row of each treatment. Green peach aphids (GPA) were counted separately from other species.
Southern Peas, Cowpea Curculio Control, Tift Co., 1978
Authors: Chalfant Richard B.
Published: March 2022

Southern peas were planted Apr 15. Plots were 2 rows, 50-ft long, 3-ft row width, replicated 4X in RCB. Treated rows alternated with 2-row untreated buffer rows. Soil type was a loamy sand. Plots were treated beginning at anthesis on Jun 12, 16, 19 and 23 using a tractor-mounted boom, 3 nozzles/row at 50 psi, in 50 gal water/acre. When mature (Jun 26), 25 pods/plot were harvested and examined for cowpea curculio stings on the pod and seed.
Control of Cabbage Loopers, Spotted Cutworms, and Pea Aphids on Peas, 1979
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

'Green Giant 531'peas were planted Apr 21 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, Minnesota. Plots were 21 × 55-ft, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. The bulk of treatments were applied Jul 31 but 2 treatments were applied Jul 6 to determine the effects of premature application. A tractor-drawn boom sprayer applying 20 gal water/acre at ca 50 psi was used for all treatments. Plots were sampled Aug 6 by shaking plants over a 14 × 18-inch food tray in 12 random locations.
Wireworm Control on Potatoes, 1979
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Cuperus Gerrit W. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

'Russet Burbank' potatoes were planted May 25 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. The field had previously been several years in bluegrass sod. The soil type is Waukegan silt loam. Plots were 2 rows, 60-ft long, spaced 40-inches apart, randomized in complete blocks with 5 replications. The broadcast application was applied with an Ortho-Wirlybird spreader and incorporated prior to planting. Other granular treatments were applied in furrow at planting with a planter mounted granular applicator. Spray applications were hand applied in 12-inch bands on the center of the rows and soil incorported. Potatoes were harvested Sep 20, washed, counted, weighed, and scored for wire worm and diptera injury.
Control of Azinphosmethyl Resistant Green Peach Aphids with Foliar Insecticides, 1979
Authors: Radcliffe Edward B. , Cranshaw Whitney S.
Published: March 2022

'Russet Burbank' potatoes were planted May 25 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots were single row, 25-ft long, with a 40-inch row spacing, arranged in randomized complete blocks with 3 replications. Beginning Jul 5, applications of azinphosmethyl (0.5 lb ai/acre) were applied on a weekly schedule to build up a resistant aphid population. Foliar insecticides were then applied Sep 6 and Sep 19 using a hand-operated compress air sprayer delivering 50 gal water/acre. The day following application, green peach aphid apterae were counted from 35 leaves per plot.
Green Peach Aphid and Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, 1978
Authors: Sandvol Larry , Hart D. S. , Bishop Guy W.
Published: March 2022

Russet Burbank' potatoes were planted Apr 19, at Parma, ID, in silt loam soil. Granular insecticides were applied in the furrow at planting or sidedressed on each side of the row 1 to 2 inches below the seed pieces at 75% plant emergence. Treatments were replicated in 4-row 30-ft plots with 36-inch row spacing in a randomized complete block design. Numbers of Colorado potato beetles were determined by counting adults and larvae observed while walking through the 2 center rows of each plot. Green peach aphids were counted on 25 leaves. Yields were estimated by harvesting 25 ft of the 2 center plot rows.
Insect Control on Potatoes, 1979
Authors: Simonet D. E.
Published: March 2022

'Norchip' potatoes were planted May 4 in single 25-ft rows on 6 ft centers with untreated border rows on either side of each treatment. The treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All granular insecticides were applied in furrow at planting. Foliar sprays were applied on Jun 22, Jul 5, Jul 19, Aug 2, and Aug 16 using a CO2 pressurized hand sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 40 psi. Counts were taken every two weeks of the number of beetles on 10 plants and the number of aphids and leafhoppers on 3 leaves (upper, middle, and lower) from 10 plants/treatment/replication. Potatoes were harvested and yields taken on Sep 10.
Control of Imported Cabbageworm and Cabbage Looper, 1982
Authors: Tuttle A. F. , Ferro D. N.
Published: March 2022

'Market Prize' cabbage was transplanted to the field on Jun 2 for the first trial and Jun 16 for the second. Fertilizer (10-10-10) was applied at 1200 lb/acre on May 4. The soil was a fine sandy loam with a pH of 6.7. Each plot was a 25 ft row and each treatment was replicated 3 times for the first trial and 4 times for the second in a randomized complete block design. Applications of insecticide were based on 3 ft row spacing. All applications were made with a 2 liter CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 60 gal/acre at 40 psi. There were no cabbage looper larvae present on Jul 15 at the time of the first spray trial. On Jul 15 the plots to be used for the second trial were treated with Lannate SP at 0.75 lb ai/acre to reduce the imported cabbageworm population. The second trial applications were made on Aug 10. The number of larvae per 5 plants was recorded for both trials.
Effects of Soil Insecticides on Cantaloupe Yield, 1981:
Authors: York Alan C. , Reed Gary L. , Kinney K.
Published: March 2022

Granular insecticides were applied preplant with a Gandy Ro-Bander and incorporated to a depth of 2-4 in just prior to transplanting. Cantaloupe (2 true leaves) were transplanted on Jun 1 and Vydate applied as a spray directed to the base of the plants just after transplanting. Foliar applications of Sevin at 1 lb ai per acre were applied to all but the Furadan and Temik treatments at approximately weekly intervals beginning Jun 4. Treatments were 1 row 52 ft long with 10-ft alleyways arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Soil type was silty-clay loam, pH 6.8, O.M. 2.9%. On Jun 4 and Jun 24 approximately 250 striped cucumber beetle eggs per plant were placed in the soil alongside the plant stem. Plants were evaluated for runner length, early yield and total yield.
Effects of Soil Insecticides on Cantaloupe Yield, 1982:
Authors: York Alan C. , Reed Gary L. , Kinney K.
Published: March 2022

Plots were located at Vincennes, Indiana on the Purdue Southwest Agricultural Center. Granular insecticides were placed in a 10-12-in band with a Gandy Ro-Bander and incorporated 2-3 in with a rototiller on May 4. Soil type was a fine sandy loam, pH 5.7, O.M. < 2%. Black plastic mulch was placed over insecticides and plants transplanted on May 14. Rows were 50 ft long on 10-ft centers, plants on 30-in centers in rows. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized block design with 4 replicates. Temik and Furadan received no foliar insecticides, however all other treatments received Pydrin (0.1 lb ai/acre) as a foliar spray on a 10-14-day schedule. On May 15, 500 striped cucumber eggs were placed in the soil alongside each plant stem, and on May 30, an additional 250 eggs were so placed. Total runner length was measured for 6 plants per treatment on Jun 8.
Leafminer Suppression at Planting, 1982
Authors: Trumble J . T. , Parrella M. P.
Published: March 2022

Four replicates of 4 'Bud Special' plants per treatment were planted in UC soil mix in 4 inch pots. Granular and liquid pesticides were incorporated directly beneath the plugs at 2.0 lb ai/acre at the time of planting. The liquid was diluted 10X prior to application to add volume, but the rate remained the same. Each pot containing 4 plants was exposed to 5 female and 2 male adult L. trifol ii for 4 h at 1 or 7 days following planting. Adult flies were then removed and the plants were maintained in the greenhouse. After 1 wk, the mean number of mines and live larvae per plant were recorded.
Sweetcorn, Corn Earworm Control, 1982:
Authors: All J. N. , Dix D. E. , Javid A.
Published: March 2022

'Funks G80' was planted May 3 at the University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. The soil type was Appling coarse sandy loam. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 2 row plots × 20-ft long × 38-inch row width × 2-ft alleys. There were 5 replicates. Plants were treated with a full cone spray using an air pressure sprayer at 30 psi in a final volume of 50 gal/acre directed on the plant ears. Plots were sprayed 8 times; on Jun 18, 21, 23, 25, 28, 30, Jul 2 and 5. All ears in the center 18 ft of row were examined on Jul 7 for the presence of earworm larvae or damage.
Control of San Jose Scale on Peach, 1982
Authors: Brunner  , Smith L. O.
Published: March 2022

An unsprayed peach orchard located at the Smith Tract plots near Orondo was used in this test. Trees were 17 years of age and the block was a mix of varieties. Single trees were selected for each treatment due to the sparse and uneven distribution of scale in the orchard. Two limbs were tagged per tree and 2 twigs removed from each limb. Counts of live and dead scale, 100 total per twig, were made in the laboratory using a binocular microscope. Posttreatment twigs were taken from the same limbs as tagged earlier and scale counted in the same manner. Treatments were applied, with a handgun at 400-500 psi to the point of drip (approximately 400 gal per acre) on Apr 5.
Foliar Sprays to Control Lepidopteran Larvae on Late Planted Sweet Corn, 1982
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

‘Silver Treat’ sweet corn was planted Jul 14 to a Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots were 4 rows wide on 30 inch centers and 25-ft long. Whorl sprays were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with 1 nozzle over the row calibrated to deliver 45 gal/acre at 200 psi; foliar sprays at silking were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with 4 nozzles/row, directed at the ear zone, which delivered 106 gal/acre at 160 psi. Whorl treatments were applied Aug 11, 17. Foliar sprays at silking were applied Sep 9, 18 and 24. Twenty plants from the middle 2 rows were evaluated on Aug 26 for armyworm damage. The categories for armyworm foliar feeding damage are as follows: (0) no damage; (1) slight damage; (2) 10% damage; (3) moderate damage, 25% of whorl destroyed; (4) heavy damage, 50% of whorl destroyed; and (5) severe damage, whorls destroyed or skeletonized. At harvest (Sep 28) 20 stalks from the middle 2 rows of each plot were evaluated for ‘worm’ damage as “none” (clean), “tip” (less than 1.5 inch tip damage) and “side”. On Oct 25, 20 stalks from the middle 2 rows of each plot were split from tassel to soil surface; each inch of European corn borer damage was recorded as 1 cavity. Plots were irrigated when moisture was below normal.
Foliar Sprays to Control Corn Earworms, Fall Armyworms and European Corn Borers in No-Till Sweet Corn, 1982
Authors: Linduska James J. , Dively Galen P. , Harrison Floyd P. , Hellman John L.
Published: March 2022

‘NK-199’ sweet corn was planted in 4-row plots 60 ft in length on Jun. Overwintered rye 6-8 inches tall was killed by treating with 1.0 qt Paraquat + 1.25 qt Lasso on May 13. On Jun 5 Round-Up (1.5 qt) + Atrazine (1.4 qt) + Lasso (1.25 qt) was applied to the rye cover crop. Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Silk sprays were applied with an International Harvester 770 Hi-clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by 4 nozzles. The sprayer was equipped to treat 4 rows. All treatments were mixed in 20 gal of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/acre with 50 psi. Spray treatments were applied at 50% s i l k (Jul 28) and 5 days later (Aug 2 ). Plots were harvested Aug 16 and evaluated as to insect species causing injury. One-hundred ears/treatment/replication were harvested and graded. Only the center 2 rows of each plot were harvested. The soil type was a Galestown sandy loam.
Whorl Treatments for Control of European Corn Borer and Fall Armyworm in Sweet Corn, 1982
Authors: Sherrod D. W. , Francis J. A.
Published: March 2022

‘NK 199’ was planted in single row plots 25 f t long on Jun 3. Treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Foliar sprays were applied to the whorl using a propane compressed air backpack sprayer with 1 hollow cone nozzle/row delivering 25 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Granular insecticides were applied with hand-held shakers over the top of the plants. Applications were made on Jul 7 and 12. The corn was approximately 3 ft tall at the time of 1st application. Evaluations were made on Jul 23 by counting the number of damaged whorls per 10 plants in the middle of each plot. The larval population was approximately 60% European corn borer and 40% fall armyworm.
Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm Control on Sweet Corn, 1981
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M. , Schillaci Paul A.
Published: March 2022

‘Silver Queen’ and ‘Apache’ were planted Jul 22 in single row plots 10 ft long on 42-inch centers with 7-ft alleys between replications near Benson NC. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Initial treatments were directed to the whorl on Aug 7, with 4 subsequent treatments on Aug 12, 17, 23 and 28. Treatments were directed to the ear zone for 8 applications on Sep 1, 11, 15, 17, 21, 25, 27 and 29. All applications were applied at the rate equivalent to 100 gal/acre using a 2.5 gal CO2pressurized hand sprayer equipped with a single hollow cone nozzle operated at 40 psi. All mature ears were harvested and dii/ided into 3 damage classes. Corn earworm pressure was moderate while fall armyworm pressure was extremely heavy.
Field Test of Piperonyl But0Xide as a Pyrethr0Id Synergist on Eggplant, 1982
Authors: Silcox Charles A. , Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

‘Harris 468’ eggplants were transplanted to a Sassafras sandy-loam field May 19. Single row plots were 8 ft long and 5 ft wide. A guard row buffered each treated row. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer, with 1 drop nozzle on each side of the row and 1 centered over the row, calibrated to deliver 68 gal/acre at 200 psi. Plots were treated Jun 3, 11, 18; Jul 2, 28; Aug 13. Parameters examined included percent defoliation (based on a rating scale of 0 to 10), CPB larval counts and total yield.