bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Orientasi Kewirausahaan, Orientasi Pasar dan Orientasi Teknologi Terhadap Keunggulan Bersaing
Authors: Syafa'ad Nifsa Hanipah , L V Yuhendri
Published: August 2024

This research aims to reveal the impact of entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation and technological orientation on competitive advantage at bordir and sulaman businesses in Bukittinggi city,. 80 people became the research sample with the total sampling technique derived from the population of bordir and sulaman business actors in Bukittinggi city. A quantitative approach with an associative type was used in the study. In addition, logistic regression was also determined as a data analysis technique in testing the research variables. The results indicate : 1) Independent variables simultaneously have a significant influence on the dependent variable. 2) Entrepreneurial orientation (X1) and  Market orientation (X2) is able to significantly influence competitive advantage. 3) Technology orientation (X3) is not able to significantly affect competitive advantage.
Pengaruh Kreativitas dan Family Background Terhadap Intensi Berwirausaha Mahasiswa
Authors: Luthfianda Naufal , Silvia Armida
Published: August 2024

This study's goal is to determine how students in Padang State University's Faculty of Languages and Arts Visual Communication Design Study Program perceive the impact of creativity and family history on their aspirations to pursue entrepreneurship. This study uses a quantitative method to investigate causal relationships. 560 students from the 2019–2022 class made up the study's population.   Both primary and secondary sources of information were employed. An 85-person sample is subjected to a sampling method known as proportionate random sampling. Using the SPSS V.21 software,  The method used for analysis is multiple linear regression analysis.  To assess the research hypothesis, data were gathered using t statistical tests at a=0.05, normality testing, F tests, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and validity tests at reliability tests.  The study's conclusions show that: 1) inventiveness significantly influences the desire to start a business. 2) Ambition for entrepreneurship is influenced by family background 3) The desire to start one's own business is greatly influenced by one's ingenuity and family background.
Pengaruh Literasi Digital dan Motivasi Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Dewi Laura Etika , Syofyan Rita , Putra Defriko Gusma
Published: August 2024

This research set out to answer the following questions: 1) the relationship between students' digital literacy and their desire to learn and their final grades, 2) the precise impact that digital literacy has on the academic achievement of these pupils, and 3) the precise impact that learning motivation has on the academic achievement of the candidates.  A causal associative design and quantitative approach were employed to carry out the investigation in this study. The 117 students making up the XI social studies class at SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang served as the study's population. We used a proportionate random selection technique to pick 91 people to take part in the survey. The multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25 software. According to the results: 1) The academic performance of students in the eleventh grade at SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang is significantly affected by their level of digital literacy as well as their enthusiasm to learn. 2) These students' digital literacy greatly enhances their academic achievement, and 3) Their level of motivation to learn has a positive and substantial effect on their academic performance. According to the report, a whopping 47.7 percent of the learning outcomes of IPS SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang class XI students are impact by digital literacy and learning motivation.
Keterampilan Membaca Komprehensif Pelajar Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Fadlilah Megah Endah , Adiwijaya Satria Nugraha
Published: August 2024

Proses perubahan fase membaca pelajar berimplikasi pada aspek-aspek keterampilan berbahasa lainnya. Terlebih lagi, perubahan membaca pelajar menuntut aspek luaran yang lebih tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keterampilan membaca komprehensif pelajar sekolah dasar, pada fase peralihan kelas rendah menuju kelas tinggi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif melalui pendekatan deskriptif. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 29 pelajar kelas IV Sains Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah Hadimulyo Kota Metro. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dalam kategori non-probability sampling, dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui tes dan wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa keterampilan membaca komprehensif pelajar dinilai rendah/kurang, dengan rata-rata nilai sebesar 64,2. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pelajar belum memenuhi standar ketuntasan minimum dalam keterampilan membaca komprehensif yang ditentukan, yaitu 75. Penelitian ini memberikan pandangan bahwa adanya perubahan dalam konsep pemerolehan isi bacaan sesuai dengan jenis keterampilan membaca yang digunakan oleh pelajar, sehingga hal ini membuka peluang untuk dilakukannya penelitian lanjutan dari sudut pandang lainnya.
PERSEPSI GURU TERHADAP INTEGRASI PELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DALAM KURIKULUM MUATAN LOKAL BAHASA JAWA
Authors: Cantika Varary Mechwafanitiara , Wahyudin Dinn
Published: August 2024

The integration of environmental preservation in the local Javanese content curriculum is expected to be able to collaborate two fields of science which will later provide mutual benefits. The aim of this research is to find out and analyze teachers' perceptions of the integration of environmental conservation in the local Javanese curriculum. This research methode uses a quantitative approach with survey methods. The population of this research is Javanese language teachers at middle and high school levels spread across the provinces of East Java, Central Java and Yogyakarta. The sample in this research was 40 teachers taken using accidental sampling technique. The survey in this research used a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The data in this research will be analyzed using descriptive statistics consisting of min, max, mean, standard deviation and variance with the help of SPSS 25. The results of the research show that overall teachers have a positive perception of the integration of environmental conservation in the local Javanese content curriculum. Teachers are aware of the positive benefits that students can experience from this integration. Apart from that, it needs to be emphasized that the choice of learning methods, approaches and assessments must remain adapted to the values and cultural characteristics of Javanese society.
Impact of the conflict interactions and social learning on the hierarchy structure in captive males of Moschus chrysogaster (Moschidae)
Authors:   Renmin University of China, Wang Xiaolong , Wu Jiayi ,   Renmin University of China, Lu Xiaoping ,   Renmin University of China, Shakun Vasili ,   National Academy of Sciences, Belarus, Solovej Irena ,   National Academy of Sciences, Belarus, Meng Xiuxiang ,   Renmin University of China,   Tibet University,   Xichang University
Published: August 2024

Moschus chrysogaster (hereafter – musk deer) is an endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding areas in China. Due to historical overutilisation and habitat degradation and loss, the musk deer is endangered and faces serious threats to its survival. Besides in situ conservation, musk deer farming is an important and effective means for ex situ conservation and sustainable supply of musk resources. Wild musk deer are solitary and highly territorial, but in captivity they are subjected to intensive farming practices that confine them to a limited space, leading to the development of a hierarchy structure. This study was carried out from January 2021 to December 2023 at the Musk Deer Farm in Zhuanglang County, Gansu Province, China. Focal sampling and all-occurrence recording were used to measure conflict behaviour of captive musk deer. Social network analysis was used to study the relationships between social conflict and social learning within the captive community. Our finding revealed a significant positive correlation between the hierarchy rank of the conflict initiator and the receiver, and individuals tended to initiate conflict against individuals close to their ranks, which reflected the individual identification of the hierarchy within the community. The social learning behaviour of musk deer in various ranks was significantly different. The social learning behaviour of middle rank (40.7%) was significantly higher than that of high rank (14.5%) and low rank (14.0%). Compared with the social learning behaviour of musk deer before conflict (37.9%), the social learning behaviour of musk deer after conflict (62.1%) was significantly increased, but there was no significant difference in non-social learning behaviour before conflict (46.7%) and after conflict (53.3%). This research reveals the majority of conflicts unfolding among the higher ranks of the captive population. To improve musk deer farming, it is imperative to assess the conflict potential and sociality of individuals within the broader hierarchy. In addition, we found a significant surge in socially learning behaviours among musk deer post-conflict, indicative of the essential spread of information on individual rank and fighting capabilities within the captive population. Recognising the pronounced social learning in captive individuals with middle ranks, managers should focus on these key members. The alleviating conflict level by rationally translocating individuals while maintaining a hierarchical structure within the group is critical to the successful musk deer conservation and farming.
Effect of Lithium Triflate (LiTf) Salt on the Properties of the Pectin-based Polymer Electrolytes Films
Authors:   Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis Branch, Arau Campus, Muhd Zailani Nabilah Akemal
Published: August 2024

Currently, liquid electrolytes (LEs) that have been used in many electrochemical devices, face safety concerns due to leakage problems. Consequently, solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) consisting of a natural polymer host that is leak-proof, biodegradable, and flexible are widely studied. In the current study, the effect of various weight percentages (%) (i.e.: 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt.%) of lithium triflate (LiTf) salt on the structural and electrochemical properties of pectin-based SPE films was investigated. The SPE films were prepared using the solvent casting technique. Solid, flexible, and self-supporting films of pectin-based SPE were successfully acquired by the addition of up to 50 wt.% of LiTf. As proven by FTIR analyses, there occur interactions between the lithium cation and the pectin coordinating sites (OH and C=O). These interactions minimized the formation of hydrogen bonding between pectin chains, hence explaining the formation of flexible films. Also, the polymer-salt interactions contributed to the improvement in the amorphous phase of the system. The minimized formation of hydrogen bonding, improvement in the amorphous phase, and the increased amount of charge carriers in the LiTf-doped pectin-based SPE had contributed to the increase in the ionic conductivity of the system with salt content. The highest conducting sample, P5 (50 wt.% LiTf) exhibited the ionic conductivity of 3.87 × 10-5 S cm-1 which was four orders of magnitude higher than pure pectin film of 2.24 × 10-9 S cm-1.
Christ, the Image of the Invisible God, the Proscenium of Old and New Testament. Perspectives of Knowing God from Colossians
Authors:   Faculty of Orthodox Theology, „Babeș-Bolyai” University in Cluj-Napoca, Benea Olimpiu-Nicolae
Published: August 2024

Christ is the visible representation of the unseeable God. Although this statement emphasizes Christ's relationship with the Father, it is Christ who reveals God to the world. The text in Hebrews reinforces this same concept. Christ is “the reflection of God's glory and the exact imprint of God's very being” (1:3), and thus only His Son can make Him known (Col 1:18). In 1 Cor 15:49 and 2 Cor 4:4, the Apostle Paul employs the term εἰκών to portray the resurrected and exalted One, in whom, analogous to the eschatological Adam, all humanity is recapitulated. The risen One, however, is the image of the unseen God of eternity. In light of the statements in Colossians 1:13-14, it becomes evident that there is a dynamic relationship between the experience of redemption and the statements about the One through whom God accomplished the act of redemption. Although the initial section of the hymn is centred on Christ's role in creation, the Christological statements can be interpreted from a perspective of redemption. It is only through His blood (Col 1:14-20) that the Redeemer, who is the image of the unseen God, can effect redemption.
A scarce advantage of spontaneous closure as a stoma complication
Authors: Lalisang Arnetta Naomi Louise , Ismantara Patricia Rosalind , Zacharia Nathaniel Jason , Jamtani Indah
Published: August 2024

Background:

Stoma is made for various indications and the closure is performed with open surgery once the indication is resolved. The case of spontaneous stoma closure rarely happens.

Case presentation:

In this case report, we present a 62-year-old male with a malignant rectal tumor who experienced spontaneous closure of a stoma. Laparotomy adhesiolysis exteriorization of the sigmoid and transverse colon was made with distended with tenderness all over the abdominal area as the indication. After nine months, the indication was resolved, stoma closure was planned, but the right-sided stoma was closed. Left stoma closure was performed. The patient is currently stable now.

Conclusion:

Spontaneous stoma closure can be considered the outcome of progressive stoma retraction followed by healing of the mucocutaneous fistula. In this case, we report the benefit of spontaneous stomal closure, no complications were found from stoma closure, and the primary goal of stoma placement was achieved. Management of spontaneous stoma closure can be done conservatively after carrying out a comprehensive examination to rule out possible complications. We report the usefulness of endoscopy and looposcopy in achieving these goals.
Emergency department management of patients with thoracic trauma: PRISMA scoping review
Authors: Ateyyah Khalid , Alenazi Abdullah
Published: August 2024

The prognosis for patients with thoracic trauma depends largely on the management presented in the emergency department (ED), along with other major factors. This PRISMA scoping review explored ED management for patients with thoracic trauma. A systematic review study was conducted and initially, 157 articles were identified through database research. After screening, following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and checking for other eligibility conditions, the studies were reduced to 11 articles. Each included study was assessed for quality independently by two reviewers using a modified form of the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS-2). The survival rate following emergency thoracotomy is approximately 9%-12%, whereas, for blunt trauma, the survival rate is 1%-2%. 85% of patients may be treated by emergency physicians after employing minor procedures. The frequency of hospitalization reduced to 24% from 49% along with a decline in the duration of hospitalization. The diagnostic accuracy for ultrasonography (US) is 80% with sensitivity and specificity for any rib fracture, whereas the efficacy of computed tomography scans for independent use is controversial. The findings outlined that the management given in the ED to the patients with thoracic trauma is significantly effective witnessing the decline in the rate of hospitalizations as well as hospital re-admissions, duration of hospital stay, and mortality rate. However, diagnostic tools are still surrounded by controversies and contradictory results, which need intensive investigation to guarantee the validation of the diagnosis.
The Effect of Giving Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) to Changes in Lauric Acid Levels in Breast Milk
Authors: Putra Ismul Sadly , Serudji Joserizal
Published: August 2024

Breastmilk (ASI) is the best food produced by the breast glands, containing all the nutritional elements needed by infants aged 0-6 months. Apart from nutrients, breast milk also has other non-nutritional components that act as immune factors for babies. Babies who are not exclusively breastfed will be more susceptible to chronic diseases, such as heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes as adults and can suffer from malnutrition and obesity. Dietary intake significantly affects milk production. The mother's diet can affect the composition of her milk through several metabolic pathways, especially the concentration of fatty acids and vitamins that are soluble in fat and water, including vitamins A, C, B6, and B12. Lauric acid contained in breast milk can help your minor fight infection and increase immunity to protect from various diseases. Not only for the baby, but virgin coconut oil is also starting to be commonly used by dieters. Virgin coconut oil contains lauric acid CH3 (CH2) 10COOH 50% and caprylic acid CH3 (CH2) 6COOH 7%. Both of these acids are medium-chain saturated fatty acids that are quickly metabolized and have anti-microbial properties. The benefits of virgin coconut oil (VCO) are that it is beneficial for the health of the body, including being antibacterial, antiviral, anti-fungal, and natural anti-protozoa; helps relieve symptoms and reduces health risks associated with diabetes, helps protect against osteoporosis, helps prevent high blood pressure, helps prevent liver disease, keeps the heart and blood vessels healthy, helps prevent cancer, helps you lose weight, maintain stamina, maintain healthy skin and hair.Keywords: Breastmilk, Lauric Acid, VCO
DIFFERENCES IN PROTEASE ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-1 AND THROMBINE LEVELS IN PREECLAMPSIA AND NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Khatimah Gistin Khusnul , Serudji Joserizal , Basyir Vaulinne
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Preeclampsia is a condition caused by alterations in endothelial function during pregnancy. Changes in endothelial function result in an increase in coagulation and microvascular fibrin accumulation, which results in impaired placental perfusion. Thrombin, which converts fibrin to fibrinogen, as well as platelet activity, the fibrinolytic system, and anticoagulants, are all procoagulant circumstances in preeclampsia. Thrombin contributes to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia by increasing the expression of sFlt-1 thereby providing an antiangiogenic response. Protease Activated Receptor-1 (PAR-1) is a mediator of thrombin for coagulation and inflammation in preeclampsia. Inhibition of Protease Activated Receptor-1 expression in trophoblasts can enhance placental angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. Recently, only few studies have assessed the levels of Protease Activated Receptor -7 and thrombin in preeclampsia.Objective: To determine the difference in levels of Protease Activated Receptor-1 and thrombin in preeclampsia and normal pregnancyMethods:Â This study is observational with a cross-sectional comparative study design. Sampling was conducted from March 2020 to March 2021. A total of 66 patients were investigated, with 33 samples of preeclampsia and 33 samples of normal pregnancy. The independent sample T-test was used for statistical analysis.Results:Â The mean levels of Protease Activated Receptor-1 in the preeclampsia group were higher at 28.56 Â± 7.68 ng/mL while normal pregnancy was 21.67 Â± 6.92 ng/mL. The results of statistical tests showed that there was a significant difference in levels of Protease Activated Receptor-1 between the preeclampsia and normal pregnancy groups (p<0.05). The mean thrombin level in the preeclampsia group was higher at 72.23 Â± 7.99 ng/mL, while in normal pregnancy it was 63.70 Â± 8.92 ng/mL. The difference in thrombin levels between the preeclampsia and normal pregnancy groups was statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusion:Â Preeclampsia was associated with greater levels of Protease Activated Receptor-1 and thrombin than normal pregnancy. There was a significant difference in the mean levels of Protease Activated Receptor-1 and thrombin between preeclampsia and normal pregnancy.Keywords: Thrombin, Protease Activated Receptor-1(PAR-1), Preeclampsia
Despret, V. (2022). Autobiografía de un pulpo y otros relatos de anticipación (M. Alpuente Civera, Trad.). Consonni.
Authors: Lanza González Henar
Published: August 2024

Todos los seres vivos escribimos y una escritura inspira otra escritura. El cuento de Ursula K Le Guin (1987) “The Author of the Acacia Seeds and other Extracts from the Journal of the Association of Therolinguistics” (1974) está en el origen de estos relatos de anticipación. 
Anticipación no es aquí sinónimo de impaciencia, sino de previsión: estos relatos se adelantan y nos cuentan lo que nos espera en el camino. Y también lo que ya no nos va a esperar porque desapareció. O, más preciso, lo hicimos desaparecer. De la extinción de las especies solo nos espera la extinción, no las especies.
Analysis of the Synergistic Effect of Antibiotics with Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Different Clinical Cases
Authors: Rusl Ahmed Mahdi Saleh  , Harith Ahmed Mustafa
Published: August 2024

Synergism between antibiotics and nanoparticles is one of the most important ways to combat antibiotic resistance. Copper nanoparticles were produced using a green, environmentally friendly method of mixing  aqueous Ficus Sycomorus leaf extract with copper sulfate. The work aimed to study the synergistic effect of six antibiotics with copper oxide nanoparticles prepared in a green approach against bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patient. A total of 110 specimens were collected from patients with burn, wound and urine infections. in Samarra General Hospital, Tikrit Teaching Hospital, Tikrit Military Hospital, and Baghdad Medical City of both genders from July to September 2023. A bacteriological examination was conducted to select bacterial pathogens, with a particular focus on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From a total 110 cases, 50 (45.5%) gave positive cultures for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CuO-NPs was characterized using different analytical techniques, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). showed that the CuO-NPs have a spherical shape, its average size is 29.2 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray )EDX( results confirmed the presence of copper and oxygen in the composition. The synergistic effect of six antibiotics with CuO-NPs was studied. By evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentration of P. aeruginosa. The results show the highest inhibition against bacterial isolates was due to the synergistic effect of CuO-NPs with Impenem, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftazidime, Polymyxin B, Amikacin, and Cefepime respectively, especially on isolate (15) with zones of inhibition/mm were 19.33 ±0.33, 18.33 ±0.33,  16.33 ±0.33, 15.33 ±0.33, 14.67 ±0.33, and 12.7±0.58, respectively. The results indicated that the synergistic effect gave clear zones of inhibition against all isolates compared with the inhibition effect of nano-copper oxide and antibiotics.
The Study the Effect of Type and Duration of Treatment on Some Hematological and Biochemical Variables of Lymphoma Patients in Al-Muthanna Province, Iraq
Authors: Sarah Sakban Hasan  , Ali Aziz .Hanaa
Published: August 2024

The term "malignant lymphoma" describes primary cancers of the lymphoreticular system, almost all of which begin as lymphocytes. This study aimed to assess the impact of therapy type and duration on several hematological and biochemical parameters in lymphoma patients. The study was conducted from July 2023 to October 2023. This study examined one hundred samples in total, fifty sample as control group and fifty sample as patients group. The age range of the participants was between 5 and 77 years old. Some hematological and biochemical tests were analyzed in the current study. The study showed a significant  increase (P<0.05) according to type and duration of therapy in patient groups. The study indicated a significant  decrease (P<0.05) in red blood cells(RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), lymphocyte and  basophils  compared  with  control   groups, but indicated a significant increase (P<0.05) in white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils and platelets compared with control groups. Also, the study showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) compared with control   groups.
Association of KCNJ11 gene (rs5219) polymorphism with HOMA-IR and HOMA B values in type 2 diabetes mellitus in India: A case-control study
Authors: Ramteke Alka , Suneja Shilpa , Muntakhab Md , Gangopadhyay Sukanya , Kaur Charanjeet
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex illness that results from either insulin resistance or insufficient insulin, which raises blood sugar levels. Numerous genes interact to influence the secretion of insulin. A gene of great interest is KCNJ11 of subfamily-J, member 11, which functions as an inwardly rectifying ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel in pancreatic beta cells and is involved in glucose-stimulated insulin release.

Material and Methods

The present case-control study attempts to delineate the genetic impact of KCNJ11 (rs5219) gene polymorphism on the risk of T2DM in the Indian population. It involves 55 patients with type 2 diabetes (fasting plasma glucose of >126 mg/dl, 2-h glucose of >200 mg/dl, or HbA1c level of >6.4%) and 55 healthy controls (fasting plasma glucose of <100 mg/dl, 2-h glucose of <140 mg/dl, or HbA1c level of <6.4%). polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to study KCNJ11 polymorphism through a standard protocol. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to estimate serum Insulin levels. HOMA-IR & HOMA-β values were calculated. Statistical analysis was done using t-test, Chi-Square test, and One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.

Results

Serum insulin levels and HOMA-IR values were significantly decreased in cases than in the control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that the frequency of KK genotype in T2DM individuals (21.8%) was higher than the control group (9%) (p = 0.01). Frequency of K allele (38%) in patients was higher than the control group (18%) (p = 0.001). The K allele risk in diabetic patients was 9.9 times higher as compared to controls (p = 0.001, OR 9.9, 95%Cl 0.036–0.36). Homeostatic model assessment β (HOMA-β) values of KK genotype (59.9±27.8315) were lower than that of EK (76.8±33.23) and EE (127.9±44.59) genotypes (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The presence of KCNJ11 (rs 5219) gene polymorphism shows a noteworthy correlation with the likelihood of developing T2DM among the North Indian population. K allele is more likely to be present in individuals with T2DM than the control group. Moreover, HOMA-β values of those with the KK genotype were found to be lower than the individuals having EK and EE genotypes.
Perception and experience on SAM among 6-59 months children in Ari zone, S/Ethiopia
Authors: Hareru Tagay Sahelu
Published: August 2024

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to explore caregivers’ perceptions of and experiences with SAM among children aged 6–59 months in the Ari Zone, South Ethiopia, 2023.

Material and Methods:

From June to August 2023, an exploratory-descriptive qualitative study was carried out in the Ari Zone of South Ethiopia. In-depth interviews and focused group discussions were utilized in the study to describe the perspectives and experiences of the caregivers. The application of credibility, transferability, dependability, conformability, and authenticity preserved the scientific rigor and reliability. NVivo version 12 Pro software was utilized to conduct the inductive thematic analyses.

Results:

The ways in which caregivers manage SAM and its shared challenges were described using four predominant themes, namely, community-related challenges, hygiene and sanitation, food insecurity, and health system-related challenges.

Conclusion:

As a result, malnutrition is not well understood by families of children, and traditional practices, especially kella, have predominantly been performed in study areas with paradoxical diagnoses and identical symptoms of SAM. Economic incapability influences tackling SAM in children. The health system has limitations in terms of supplies, service delivery, and professional ethics. These situations need to be improved by working on community awareness and empowerment, strengthening the system and further investigating traditional practices.
AGT, CYP11B2 & ADRB2 gene polymorphism & essential hypertension (HT): A meta-analysis
Authors: Maamor Nur Hasnah , Ismail Johanrizwal , Malek Khasnur Abd , Yusoff Khalid , Boon-Peng Hoh
Published: August 2024

Background & objectives

The results of the genetic association studies between the selected candidate genes and hypertension (HT) contradicted across different populations. Majority of the meta-analyses carried out did not consider population genetic ancestry as a confounding factor. Therefore, this meta-analysis attempted to consolidate and re-evaluate the findings of the association between the selected candidate variants (AGT-rs699, CYP11B2-rs1799998, ADRB2-rs1042713 and rs1042714) and HT, by categorizing the genotyping data based on known genetic ancestry, and/or major geographical populations.

Methods

Publications were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane and World of Science. The included articles were further divided into different populations based on their known genetic and/or geographical ancestry.

Results

AGTrs699-G was significantly associated with HT among Indians for (i) allele [P=0.03, Odds ratio (OR): 1.37, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.03–1.82], and (ii) dominant mode of inheritance (P=0.009, OR:1.45, 95% CI: 1.09–1.91). CYP11B2rs1799998-G was significantly associated with HT in Europeans for (i) allele (P=6.9 × 10–5, OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.74–0.9), (ii) recessive (P=6.38 × 10-5, OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.59–0.83) and (iii) dominant mode of inheritance (P=0.008, OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.7–0.94). ADRB2-rs1042713-G was significantly associated with HT in east Asians for (i) allele (P=0.01, OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.05–1.51), and (ii) recessive mode of inheritance (P=0.04, OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.01–1.83).

Interpretation & conclusions

Different genotype and allele frequencies in diverse populations result in different genetic associations with HT across populations. This meta-analysis finding provides an update and summary of the genetic association between the selected simple nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and HT across different populations and essential insights into selecting appropriate pharmacogenetic marker(s) for effective HT management in populations of different ancestries.
BİR KAMU DİPLOMASİSİ ARACI OLARAK DEZENFORMASYONLA MÜCADELE: AZERBAYCAN İÇİN BİR MODEL ÖNERİSİ
Authors: Şehitoğlu Recep
Published: August 2024

Hızla gelişen iletişim ve medya düzeninin avantajları kadar dezavantajları da vardır. Dezeformayon, bu dezavantajlardan birisidir ve gerek ulusal gerekse de uluslararası düzlemde ülkeleri zor durumda bırakabilmektedir. Bu yüzden dezenformasyonla mücadele, her ülke için öncelikli bir politika gündemi olmalı ve bunu yapabilecek hukukî ve kurumsal zeminin hızla inşa edilmesi gerekmektedir. Türkiye, dezenformasyona en çok maruz kalan ülkelerden birisi olarak, iletişim ve kamu diplomasisi çalışmalarında dezenformasyonla mücadeleye büyük önem vermektedir. Bu minvalde Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Başkanlığı bünyesinde Dezenformasyonla Mücadele Merkezi’nin (DMM) kurulması ve hukukî düzenlemeler yapmasıyla bölgesindeki öncü ülkelerden biri olmuştur. Azerbaycan da, özellikle Karabağ Savaşı yüzünden, uluslararası arenada yoğun bir şekilde dezenformasyon faaliyetlerine maruz kalabilmektedir. Bu makalede, Türkiye’nin dezenformasyonla mücadeledeki kurumsal ve hukukî birikimiyle Azerbaycan’ın dezenformasyonla mücadelesine nasıl katkı verebileceği sorunsallaştırılmaktadır. Buradan hareketle makalede, Türkiye ve Azerbaycan’ın dezenformasyon meselesinde birbirine benzeyen ve ayrışan yönleri vurgulanarak, Azerbaycan için bir model önerisi sunulması amaçlanmaktadır.
Hastanelerde Kaynak Tüketim Muhasebesi ve Hedef Maliyetleme Yöntemlerinin Birlikte Uygulanması
Authors: Arslan Emine , Çonkar Kemalettin
Published: August 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, hastanelerde kaynak tüketim muhasebesi ve hedef maliyetleme yöntemlerinin birlikte kullanılmasıyla hastane yöneticilerine kaynakları etkin ve verimli bir şekilde kullanma, maliyetleri azaltma ve kârı artırma konusunda yeni bir bakış açısı sunmaktır. Bu iki yöntemin bir arada kullanılması, hastane yöneticilerine karar verme süreçlerinde önemli bir destek sağlayabilir. Çalışmada bir hastanenin nöroşirürji bölümünde 10 farklı tedavinin maliyetleri belirlenmiş ve hasta beklentileri doğrultusunda maliyet azaltma konusuna odaklanılmıştır.
BIOINDICATION OF AIR POLLUTION IN THE NAGATINO-SADOVNIKI REGION BY LICHENOINDICATION
Authors: Захарова Н.Ю. , Кузнецова И.С. , Кропова Ю.Г.
Published: August 2024

В статье приводится сравнительный анализ модельных участков райо на Нагатино-Садовники, в которых проводился анализ загрязнения воздуха по методу лихеноиндикации. Пять участков в пределах района отличались как по ви- довому разнообразию лишайников, так и по степени покрытия субстрата. Расчет относительной чистоты атмосферного воздуха, проведенный по показателю баллов средней встречаемости разных лишайников, а также по степени их покрытия пока- зал, что состоя ние воздуха в районе Нагатино-Садовники достаточно загрязненное, но некоторые виды лишайников адаптируются к данной среде обитания и встречаются довольно часто. Наибольшее видовое разнообразие было отмечено в музее-заповед- нике «Коломенское», что подтверждает его огромное значение как для рекреации, так и для сохранения биоразнообразия.
A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO THE SOCIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF AN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION
Authors: Рычихина Э.Н. , Быкова И.Л.
Published: August 2024

Целью статьи является определение системы социологического мониторинга для управления инно- вационной деятельностью в образовательном учреждении (УИД ОУ). В статье авторы обосновывают значение УИД ОУ, связывая его успешность с наличием системы социологического мониторинга. Расширение применения мониторинга в разных сферах жизнедеятель- ности общества приводит к увеличению числа исследований, как теоретических, так и практических. Проведенный авторами анализ нормативных правовых документов и научной литературы в области инноваций, управления и мониторинга позволил сформировать и обосновать систему организации социо логического мониторинга инновационной деятельности. Далее отмечается, что инновационная деятельность образовательной организации обусловлена имею щимися противоречиями, которые сложились не только между обществом и системой образования, но и в самой образовательной сфере. Решению обозначенных в статье противоречий будет способст- вовать социологический мониторинг, функциональность которого меняется в зависимости от этапа проведения инноваций. Сформированная система социологического мониторинга включает три основных компонента: кон- цепцию, условия, методы, — содержание которых раскрывается в статье. Системный подход позволил определить основные направления результативности инновационной деятельности образовательной организации, которые можно выявить при помощи мониторинга. В результате при подведении итогов статьи обозначаются стержневые аспекты возможностей социо- логического мониторинга инновационной деятельности образовательной организации.
Amorphous solid dispersions of amphiphilic polymer excipients and indomethacin prepared by hot melt extrusion
Authors: Keßler Larissa , Mishra Rashmi , Hietala Sami , Lammens Manon , Rades Thomas , van Veen Bert , Juppo Anne , Laaksonen Timo , Strachan Clare , Luxenhofer Robert
Published: August 2024

Improving the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs is essential for enhancing bioavailability, formulation flexibility and reducing patient-to-patient variability. The preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is an attractive strategy to formulate such drugs, leading to higher apparent water solubility and therefore higher bioavailability. For such ASDs, water-soluble polymer excipients, such as poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) or poly(vinyl pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (P(VP-co-VA)), are employed to solubilize and stabilize the drug against crystallization. We posit that polymers bearing tertiary amides are particularly well suited to stabilizing drugs containing H-bond donors, as they offer strong H-bonding potential between the polymer and drug. The aim of this study was to compare new and established polymers with tertiary amides as excipients for ASDs. Experimental amphiphilic ABA triblock copolymers comprising poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (pMeOx), poly(2-butyl-2-oxazoline) (pBuOx) and poly(2-butyl-2-oxazine) (pBuOzi) blocks, were compared with the established excipients, PVP and P(VP-co-VA). ASDs with indomethacin as the model drug were prepared at high drug loadings via hot melt extrusion. The extrudates were studied with DSC and PXRD, revealing the ASDs to be fully amorphous up to 75wt% indomethacin, independent of the polymer used. 13C CPMAS NMR provided insights into intermolecular associations as a function of drug loading, and suggested the presence of drug dimers at 75wt% drug loading in pMeOx-pBuOzi-pMeOx and pMeOx-pBuOx-pMeOx, which could affect physical stability. Independent of the polymers, the solid-state form of the drug in the ASD was found to affect the dissolution profile of the samples, insofar as the samples containing crystalline indomethacin showed slower dissolution than the fully amorphous ones. This study shows that the polymers comprising poly(2-oxazoline) and poly(2-oxazine) are effective polymers for ASD preparation, similar to PVP and P(VP-co-VA) which merits futher investigations into these novel polymers for formulating ASDs.
Accurate physics-based prediction of binding affinities of RNA and DNA targeting ligands
Authors: Abramyan Ara M. , Bochicchio Anna , Wu Chuanjie , Damm Wolfgang , Langley David R. , Shivakumar Devleena , Lupyan Dmitry , Wang Lingle , Harder Edward , Oloo Eliud O.
Published: August 2024

Accurate prediction of the affinity of ligand binding to nucleic acids represents a significant challenge for current computational approaches. This limitation has hindered the use of computational methods to develop small molecule drugs that modulate the activity of nucleic acids, including those associated with anticancer, antiviral and antibacterial effects. In recent years, significant scientific and technological advances as well as easier access to compute resources have contributed to free-energy perturbation (FEP) becoming one of the most consistently reliable approaches for predicting relative binding affinities of ligands to proteins. Nevertheless, FEP’s applicability to nucleic-acid targeting ligands has remained largely undetermined. In this work, we present a systematic assessment of the accuracy of FEP, as implemented in the FEP+ software and facilitated by improvements in the OPLS4 force field, in predicting relative binding free energies of congeneric series of ligands interacting with a variety of DNA/RNA systems. The study encompassed more than 100 ligands exhibiting diverse binding modes, some partially exposed and others deeply buried. Using a consistent simulation protocol, more than half of the predictions are within 1 kcal/mol of the experimentally measured values. Across the dataset, we report a combined average pairwise root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of 1.39 kcal/mol, which falls within one log unit of the experimentally measured dissociation constants. These results suggest that FEP+ has sufficient accuracy to guide the optimization of lead series in drug discovery programs targeting RNA and DNA.
Digestion-Free Middle-down Mass Spectrometry Method for Absolute Quantification of Conjugated Payload from ADCs
Authors: Yuan Jiaqi , Tan Hui Yin , Huang Yue , Rosenbaum Anton
Published: August 2024

Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a therapeutic modality that aims to improve payload delivery specificity and reduce systemic toxicity. Considering the complex structure of ADCs, various bioanalytical methods by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and ligand binding assay (LBA) as well as hybrid LBA-LC-MS approaches have been established for ADC characterization and quantification. LCMS-based assays enable Drug-Antibody Ratio (DAR) sensitive quantification of conjugated payload. For quantitative DAR-sensitive assessment by LC-MS/MS, typically the conjugated payload is enzymatically liberated and quantified. Despite recent advances in ADC bioanalytical methods, the DAR-sensitive quantification of non-cleavable linker ADCs by LC-MS/MS remains challenging. Thus, we developed a novel digestion-free middle-down mass spectrometry (DF-MDMS) using collision-induced dissociation approach for absolute quantification of conjugated payload for four different ADCs in biological matrix with minimum sample preparation. These results demonstrate that ADCs with different linker-payload structures can be quantified, including a non-cleavable linker ADC trastuzumab emtansine. It also shows that the assay sensitivity is comparable to conventional ADC quantification method by linker-payload cleavage using enzyme, while assay dynamic range depends on factors including payload ionization and dissociation efficiency, DAR and its distribution, and species abundance. By demonstrating absolute quantification of both cleavable and non-cleavable linker ADCs, this novel middle-down ADC approach demonstrates its potential application in bioanalysis and analytical characterization, especially for early discovery where high-throughput screening is required as the new approach saves time and resources by not requiring enzymatic digestion for cleavable ADCs or development of anti-payload antibodies for non-cleavable linker ADCs.
Visible-Light-Assisted the Metal-Free 1,2-Carboimination of Alkenes to Synthesize Complex 1,6-Amino Alcohols
Authors: Jaafar Aida , Cristobal Christian , Adrio Javier , Ribagorda Maria , Cabrera-Afonso María Jesús
Published: August 2024

Herein, we report a visible-light-mediated synthesis of highly complex 1,6-amino alcohols through the 1,2-carboimination of alkenes leading by an energy transfer (EnT) mechanism. This protocol successfully achieved the simultaneous formation of C(sp3)–C(sp3) and C(sp3)–N bonds after several cascade steps: homolysis of the O-N bond, carbon dioxide and acetonitrile extrusion, 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), Giese-type and radical additions. This additive and metal-free method presented a broad functional tolerance, and its value was proved with the late-stage installation of the 1,6-amino alcohol motif in biomolecules and pharmaceuticals. Finally, the versatility of the 1,6-iminyl alcohols products is showcased through their conversion to a variety of useful intermediates applicable to target-directed synthesis.
Interlayer Expansion Enables Electrochemical Domino C–N Coupling for Formaldoxime Formation in Aqueous Media
Authors: Yi Ruijie , Mo Xiaoyong , Yau Hei Tung , Haw Shu-Chih , Tse Edmund Chun Ming
Published: August 2024

Upcycling C- and N-containing pollutants into value-added resources is key to achieving a sustainable society in the near future. In recent years, electrocatalysis powered by renewable energy sources has been utilized to remove C-only and N-only pollutants separately, while C,N co-reduction has been under explored. Compared with C-only or N-only reduction reactions, co-electrolysis to generate structurally complicated and functionally diverse C–N bonds are highly desirable yet more challenging. Oximes, which contain C=N bonds, are important precursors in medicine and fine chemical industry. Previous attempts to co-reduce carbon dioxide and nitrate or nitrite yielded formaldoxime (H2C=NOH) as a byproduct with low selectivity. Herein, we demonstrate a new tandem electrocatalytic pathway to produce H2C=NOH as the target product using NiFe layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as efficient catalysts. Upon expanding the interlayer spacing of NiFe LDH using dodecyl-sulfonate as an intercalating anion, this catalyst displays a record-high Faradaic efficiency for H2C=NOH of 31% in aqueous solution at –1.9 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode. Our findings also show that the lengths of alkyl chains can tune the immediate microenvironment surrounding the dual Ni–Fe active sites, thus boosting the C–N coupling yield rate. Kinetic isotopic effect studies and control experiments under H2 are further carried out to interrogate the electrocatalytic mechanism of this tandem C–N bond formation process. Overall, this study offers a compelling approach to form C–N bond via a green electrosynthesis scheme in aqueous medium. Furthermore, this study underscores the importance of precisely regulating the electrochemical microenvironment for enhancing the synergy between dual-metal active sites for efficient domino electrosynthesis.
Protocol for Evaluating Anion Exchange Membranes for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Tami Jessica , Mazumder MD Motiur , Cook Grace , Minteer Shelley , McNeil Anne
Published: August 2024

Nonaqueous redox flow batteries (NARFBs) often suffer from reduced battery lifetime and decreased coulombic effi-ciency due to crossover of the redox-active species through the membrane. One method to mitigate this undesired crossover is to judiciously choose a membrane based on several criteria: swelling and structural integrity, size and charge(s) of redox active species, and ionic conductivity. Most research to date has focused on reducing crossover by synthesizing modified redox-active molecules and/or new membranes. However, no standard protocol exists to com-pare membranes and a comprehensive study comparing membranes has yet to be done. To address both these limita-tions, we evaluate herein 26 commercial anion exchange membranes (AEMs) to assess their compatibility with com-mon nonaqueous solvents and their resistance to crossover by using neutral and cationic redox-active molecules. Ul-timately, we found that all the evaluated AEMs perform poorly in organic solvents due to uncontrolled swelling, low ionic conductivity, and/or high crossover rates. We believe that this method, and the generated data, will be useful to evaluate and compare the performance of all anion exchange membranes—commercial and newly synthesized—and should be implemented as a standard protocol for all future work.
ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF MUSHROOM SPECIES (Pleurotus Eryngii and Pleurotus Ostreatus) AS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES
Authors: E.N., Ngonadi, , I. Uko,
Published: August 2024

This experiment was carried out to determine the influence of three substrates on the growth and yield of Pleurotus eryngii and Pleurotus ostreatus in 2022 at the laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, COOU, Igbariam, Anambra State. This study was designed out as a 3×2 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design. The substrates (rice bran, corn chaff, groundnut cake) were the main factor while the mushroom species (P. eryngii and P. ostreatus) were the sub-factor. Data were collected on spawn run period, pinhead initiation, total number of fruiting bodies, maximum and minimum weight of fruiting bodies, length and width of stalk, diameter of mushroom cap, yield of first three flushes, total yield and biological efficiency. The data collected above were subjected to analysis of variance. Significant means were separated using Fisher’s Least Significant Difference. The results obtained indicated that rice bran substrate gave the highest yield (10.70g), and biological efficiency (6.20%). This was followed by corn chaff while, groundnut cake had the lowest growth and yield values. The results also showed that P. ostreatus specie produced highest or maximum weight of fruiting bodies (4.88g), better cap diameter (3.10cm), stalk length (3.70cm), stalk width (1.20cm) and yield (40.67g) followed by P. eryngii.