bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of commercial advertising on the public
Authors: Waisi Kareem Sarkawt , Ibrahim Habeeb
Published: July 2024

Throughout the world, commercial advertising’s have become an art and effective method of communication. It is a recent necessity for all countries, nations, classes, and races. All of them are working on commercial advertising and commercial advertising are the work of all. It is crucial that the Commercial advertisements are used properly and must at a high level, Kurdish satellite channels can live and manage business in this way. Advertisements can provide facilities for citizens and consumers especially when The commercial advertisings were used properly and correctly of the direction and goals of the right and bright way. In Kurdistan Region, commercial advertisements have passed through a short period of time. In the early stages they were at a very low level, until they were within technology development and the emergence of necessary instructions to organize advertising ,becoming more advanced and developed.The significance of this research which is a scientific attempt to demonstrate and determine the effect of the commercial advertisements of The Kurdish Channels in encouraging behavior of transaction by a pattern of This research ambition is to certify the emphasis extent of advertising Commercial advertisements on Kurdish channels. To what extent Kurdish satellite channels encourage consumer’s behavior to acquisitions Goods? Which are the business rhetoric that attracts more consumer attention to buy equipments. This research is a described research, we have used the method of surveying that is the most appropriate The method is set because the most accurate data and information can be obtained in this way. This research in which the theory of relying on practical media tools.It is one of the most significant theories in the domain of media. The society of this research consists of the population of Kurdistan region which consists of 500 individuals of male and female in all four provinces of Region (Erbil ,Sulaymaniyah ,Duhok and Halabja) participated in it. the researcher to collect data and Knowledge and achievement of research studies survey formused it, and in this study, the statistical text known as the SPSS system It's used.The most important results of the research are: the relationship between commercial advertising and Kurdish channels which Are a strong and effective direct connection, and a connection between commercial advertising and buying, it is a strong and effective direct relationship, in addition to commercial advertisements on Kurdish-sourced satellite channels.the importance of user information in selecting the necessary goods and services for the election It's the best choice. In addition, commercial advertising on Kurdish airlines has an important role to play in building trust and agreement with the Kurdistan Regional Government, particularly on topics that have been advertised commercially.
Youth and their participation in the political process
Authors: Qader Ahmed Jabar
Published: July 2024

Youth people are the most important basis for the development of social and political systems and heritage change in different societies, so that their influence and dominance over various areas of life appears strongly, especially with regard to lifestyle, thinking, behavior and their point of view in the way of managing the political system. young people plays a powerful role in their Participation in the Political process, such as participation and representation in the electoral process, Pressure on the political system to achieve their demands, who were always been on the forefront of political, cultural and social changes and They were part of the process of changing and rebuilding political systems , when their demands are not met and they do not feel their presence in the political sphere, they do not allow political stability and continuity, so their presence and role appear strongly in society. this research is quantitative research, and the aim of the research is to display the active participation of young people in the political process. The research community is represented by universities and institutes in Erbil, sample research study from university and institute students through data collected from a data collection questionnaire. As a result of this research, we have found that 17.4 % members in student unions and youth organizations. However, 82.6% were not members of any organization, and only 29.4% of the participants were members of political parties. With regard to their active participation in the political process, it is interesting to note that 60.7% of the respondents do not have information about single-constituency and multiple-constituency system for the elections in the Kurdistan Region.
The concept of court and its most crucial aims in Quran
Authors: Muhammad Amin Ommer , Wsoo Ibrahim Khdir
Published: July 2024

It can be said that judicature is a settlement of a conflict between two opponents by the law of quran. while filing a complaint with a judge to those who organizers yhat the judge and opponent must keep to in the trail process. The judicature has many meanings in Quran. the most important meanings are first،ordering and completing worship،ruling acting fulfilling commands completely and end the obstacles among people and insisting on things. another one is promise and the will all meanings mean ending problems. The court is a terrible mandate. no one can give rights apart from those who know and act on them. in the judicature، there are several targets، including the showing and explosure the rights،the settlement of disputes، removable of oppression ، and reconciliation between people and also imposition of limits.
The metaphoric perception in language and literature
Authors: yahya mohammed Bizhwen
Published: July 2024

The research is titled (The metaphoric perception in language and literature "Sherko Bekas's "Darbandi papula" as an example), which is a literary linguistic research. In the research, several rank forms were presented, and Sherko Bekas has marked the rank of forms by using a set of forms and giving a meaningful sign of his feelings. It is an attempt to identify and present the process of presenting hidden images of a lexical form, more commonly known as metaphor in linguistics, which mark linguistic metaphors and replace morphological form. According to the semantic theory of composition, these metaphors are expressed as a major sign, so language can be considered as a common tool of language science and literature genre, especially the research has focused on the language used in poetry, in this way The creation and analysis of metaphors is involved in both semantic and pragmatic aspects, if it is not easy to understand the metaphor.
Ações de diretores escolares no cenário pandêmico
Authors: Martins Angela Maria , Pimenta Claudia Oliveira , Fernandes Fabiana Silva , Rosa Sanny Silva da
Published: July 2024

Este estudo aborda a segunda fase de uma pesquisa que examinou os fatores que influenciaram o trabalho dos diretores escolares da rede estadual de ensino de São Paulo. Através de grupos focais, foram coletadas informações que permitiram compreender as iniciativas e ações desses líderes na implementação das diretrizes estabelecidas pela Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo, visando facilitar o ensino remoto e o gradual retorno às atividades presenciais durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Em um contexto de agravamento das desigualdades sociais e educacionais, juntamente com incertezas políticas, persistem numerosos desafios que precisam ser superados para mitigar os impactos da maior crise enfrentada pela educação brasileira no último século.
O trabalho do coordenador pedagógico durante a pandemia
Authors: Pereira Rodnei , Cruz Maria do Carmo Meirelles Toledo , Santos Alexsandro do Nascimento , Sá Isa Daniele Mariano de Souza
Published: July 2024

A pandemia do coronavírus transformou a atuação dos coordenadores pedagógicos das escolas públicas. Neste artigo, objetiva-se identificar a percepção de coordenadores pedagógicos de duas escolas de Fortaleza/CE localizadas em território de alta vulnerabilidade e com bons indicadores educacionais na pandemia e no retorno das aulas. A partir da concepção do direito à educação, são analisadas as estratégias utilizadas em relação aos aspectos instrucionais e de vínculo com estudantes, familiares e professores. O estudo é qualitativo, com análise do conteúdo de entrevistas com sete coordenadores. Os resultados apontam que, no início da pandemia, a preocupação voltou-se à segurança alimentar dos estudantes e suas famílias; à manutenção do vínculo com a escola; e apoio ao desenvolvimento de habilidades tecnológicas digitais dos professores. Na retomada das aulas, focou-se na organização das aulas presenciais, respeitando os protocolos sanitários; nos suportes afetivo e emocional a professores e estudantes; e retorno aos níveis anteriores de aprendizagem.
Kerajinan Produk Kaum Wanita Amai Setia Kotogadang sebagai Potensi Daerah di Sumatera Barat
Authors: Yensharti Yensharti , Afriwan Hendra
Published: July 2024

Handicrafts in West Sumatra are an integral part of the arts that have developed over a long time. Koto Gadang, a village in the Agam district, is known as a center of potential crafts. This traditional art marks the cultural identity of Koto Gadang. In the past, the people of Koto Gadang used their crafts, primarily silver and songket, mainly for accessories in wedding ceremonies. The population of Koto Gadang has shifted from agriculture to roles as employees and craftsmen, a change that has been ongoing since the Dutch colonial era. In this context, there is a gender-based division in the choice of professions, where men tend to choose to work in gold and silver crafts, while women opt to become weavers, embroiderers, and lace makers. Significant progress in the advancement of women in Koto Gadang has been greatly influenced by Rohana Khudus. Thanks to her educational initiatives, women began to have the opportunity to go to school and develop skills in sewing, terawang, and lace. The distinctive works of Koto Gadang in this field have been widely known to this day under the umbrella of the Amai Setia association. The crafts of Koto Gadang are the fruit of the hands of the women artisans of the Koto Gadang area, which have high sales value and beauty. It is, of course, incumbent upon us as the community of West Sumatra to preserve and maintain the works of our native village as potential in their respective areas, thus making these areas productive and well-known both regionally, locally, nationally, and internationally."
Nosocomial transmission of tet(x3), blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-97-carrying Acinetobacter baumannii conferring resistance to eravacycline and omadacycline, the Netherlands, March to August 2021
Authors: Talsma Ditmer T , Monteiro Rodrigo , Flores-Vallejo Rosario del Carmen , Heuvelmans Maarten , Le Thuy-Nga , Hendrickx Antoni PA , Rosema Sigrid , Maat Ianthe , van Dijl Jan Maarten , Bathoorn Erik
Published: July 2024

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb) is an important pathogen causing serious nosocomial infections. We describe an outbreak of CRAb in an intensive care unit in the Netherlands in 2021. During an outbreak of non-resistant A. baumannii, while infection control measures were in place, CRAb isolates carrying highly similar bla
NDM-1
- and tet(x3)-encoding plasmids were isolated from three patients over a period of several months. The chromosomal and plasmid sequences of the CRAb and non-carbapenemase-carrying A. baumannii isolates cultured from patient materials were analysed using hybrid assemblies of short-read and long-read sequences. The CRAb isolates revealed that the CRAb outbreak consisted of two different strains, carrying similar plasmids. The plasmids contained multiple antibiotic resistance genes including the tetracycline resistance gene tet(x3), and the bla
NDM-1 and bla
OXA-97 carbapenemase genes. We determined minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for 13 antibiotics, including the newly registered tetracycline antibiotics eravacycline and omadacycline. The CRAb isolates showed high MICs for tetracycline antibiotics including eravacycline and omadacycline, except for minocycline which had a low MIC. In this study we show the value of sequencing multidrug-resistant A. baumannii for outbreak tracking and guiding outbreak mitigation measures.
First detection of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis XDR clinical isolate harbouring an RpoB I491F mutation in a Ukrainian patient treated in Germany, October 2023
Authors: Friesen Inna , Dreyer Viola , Klingmüller Angela , Zuber Sylvia , Hoffmann Ada M , Suárez Isabelle , Schütz Beatrice , Preßel Tim , Andres Sönke , Niemann Stefan , Rybniker Jan
Published: July 2024

This report documents the case of a Ukrainian patient infected with an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) lineage 2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain harbouring the rifampicin resistance mutation RpoB I491F. This mutation is not detected by routine molecular WHO-recommended rapid diagnostics, complicating the detection and treatment of these strains. The occurrence of such mutations underscores the need for enhanced diagnostic techniques and tailored treatment regimens, especially in eastern Europe where lineage 2 strains and XDR-tuberculosis are prevalent.
Features of mineral nutrition in durum wheat crops in southern Russia
Authors: Denisov Konstantin Evgenievich , Belyaev Alexander Ivanovich , Petrov Nikolay Yurievich , Zvereva Galina Nikolaevna , Kuznetsova Elena Andreevna
Published: July 2024

The experimental research carried out was aimed at finding ways to increase the yield of valuable durum wheat in the acutely arid conditions of the south of the Russian Federation. An experiment conducted over 3 years showed that in order to obtain the required level of yield of winter and spring durum wheat varieties, it is necessary to sow adapted varieties. At the same time, the values of mineral nutrition exceed the values of the corresponding indicators of the control variant. Thus, the varieties taken for study made it possible to establish that winter forms were more responsive to applied fertilizers, so precipitation during the growing season (more than 300 days) significantly exceeded precipitation during the growing season of spring durum wheat (about 100 days). As a result, the yield of spring durum wheat in the variants without the addition of mineral nutrition ranged from 1.34 to 2.15 t/ha; when N74P28K45 was added, it increased from 2.41 to 2.95 t/ha, depending on the variety. Additional application of N147P55K90 did not contribute to the increase in yield. For winter durum wheat varieties, these indicators were respectively: on the control - from 2.93 to 3.41 t/ha, with the application of N74P28K45 - from 3.26 to 4.02 t/ha.
Development of operational measures for maintaining the rated value of voltage in the net-work of single-phase consumers of garden non-profit partnership
Authors: Bakirov Sergey Mudarisovich , Abdrazakov Fyarid Kinzhaevich , Strelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Ivankina Yulia Viktorovna , Kusyakin Ilya Maksimovich
Published: July 2024

The work examines the problems of low quality electrical energy when supplying garden non-commercial consumers in the 0.4 and 0.22 kV network. The features of the consumer network of two gardening non-profit partnerships in the Saratov region are presented, indicating the remoteness of electricity consumers. The analysis showed that the maximum distance of the end user from the transformer substation is 1400 m. For these technical parameters of the line, the dependence of the voltage losses in the line on the power and cross-section of the wire was considered. It has been established that in order to maintain the quality of electrical energy in terms of deviation from the nominal value (no more than 10 %), consumers in a line with a wire cross-section of 50 mm2 and with a uniform distribution of the consumer load along the entire length of 1400 m should consume power of no more than 500 W. Options for increasing the efficiency of operation of power supply lines with voltages of 0.4 and 0.22 kV in garden plots are proposed.
Results of research on the application of probiotics "EM-Kurunga" and "Baikal EM-1" in growing replacement heifers
Authors: Kravainis Yuri Yanisovich , Kravaine Raisa Stepanovna , Shkrabak Roman Vladimirovich , Shkrabak Vladimir Stepanovich , Lizikhina Irina Anatolievna
Published: July 2024

Work to study the influence of probiotics “EM-Kurunga” and “Baikal EM-1” on the physiological and economically valuable indicators of replacement heifers was carried out at the Tunoshna agricultural production complex in the Yaroslavl district of the Yaroslavl region. It has been established that feeding replacement heifers: from 4 days to 4 months of age with the probiotic “EM-Kurunga”; from 4 days to 1 month in the amount of 50 ml; 1-4 months - 100 ml per animal once a day with milk, in the fourth month - with milk replacer; and from 4 months of age probiotic “Baikal EM-1” at the age of 4 to 9 months, 5 ml diluted with water to 50 ml; from 9 to 18 months – 10 ml diluted with water to 100 ml with silage is safe. As a result, a reduction in morbidity in the experimental group was achieved by 40.7% and, as a consequence, an increase in safety (!00%) due to an increase in feed palatability (6 month old heifers - by 20.1%; 12 month old - by !3.3 %; 19 months - by !0%; 18 months - by 10.9%). The above is a consequence of the inclusion of the named probiotics in the diet of the experimental group of heifers, which led to the normalization of the biochemical parameters of the blood of calves as a result of the intensification of general metabolic processes. This contributed to an increase in the live weight of animals aged: 6 months – by 15.3%; 12 months - by 9.6%; 18 months - by 10.8%. The results obtained were achieved with a decrease in feed consumption by 1 kg. increase in live weight by 8.18%, as well as cash costs by 9.1%. The solutions proposed in the article ensure that in the experimental group the costs of treating heifers are zeroed out due to the absence of diseases (in the control group of 27 heifers, 14, i.e., 51.8% fell ill, and 7 dropped out). Thus, the results of the research justified and implemented additional reserves for increasing the economically useful indicators of replacement heifers by feeding probiotics “EM-Kurunga” and “Baikal-EM-1”.
Adaptive abilities of sheep of the Artlukh merino breed
Authors: Musalaev Khanmagomed Khanmagomedovich , Abdullabekov Rashid Abdullabekovich
Published: July 2024

The Artlukh merino breed of sheep was bred by crossing ewes of Dagestan mountain breed with breeders of two merino breeds - Stavropolsky merino in the initial stage, and at the final stage - Mmanychsky merino. The article describes the productive and adaptive qualities of sheep of the Artlukh merino breed, bred for the mining and distilling system of maintenance in the Republic of Dagestan. The new merino breed of sheep was originally developed for breeding in the foothill zone of the republic, in which the height of alpine pastures does not exceed 1800 m above sea level. In the course of subsequent studies, it was established that the sheep of the new merino breed successfully adapted to the conditions of the high-altitude zone, where summer alpine pastures are located at an altitude of up to 2800 meters above sea level. Thus, the high plasticity of sheep of the new breed has been established, that is, their ability to adapt to difficult naturally climatic conditions and produce their characteristic productivity. The live weight of experienced sheep bred in the high-altitude zone is higher by 1 kg or 1.9%, in bright by 2.0 kg or 4.4% than in peers bred in the foothill zone. The shearing of the washed wool of young sheep reared in the conditions of the high-altitude zone at the level of 1.7 - 1.9 kg, which is at the level of parameters provided for by the minimum requirements for this sex and age group of sheep of the Artlukh merino breed. The tonin of wool fibers of young merino sheep bred in the foothill and high-altitude zones is 22.1-22.5 for the sheep, 21.0 microns for the yoke; the length (natural) for the sheep is 10.4 and 10.6; for the yoke – 10.2 and 10.8 cm, that is within the breed standard. The safety of young sheep for the chop and at the end of the year, respectively, 98 and 96%, that is quite satisfactory.
Analysis of modern means of mechanization and technologies for potato protection
Authors: Lysov Anatoly Konstantinovich , Kornilov Timur Viktorovich , Naumova Nadezhda Ivanovna
Published: July 2024

Diseases and pests significantly reduce the biological yield of potatoes. To improve the effectiveness of protective measures, the article presents the results of research on improving the technological methods of using pesticides for the treatment of potato tubers and plants during the growing season. An analysis of the existing means of mechanization for the treatment of potato tubers with fungicides against diseases and an agrotechnical assessment of the quality of the completeness of dressing are given. The results of studies on the creation of a device for potato planters for a new technology for processing potato tubers and the bottom of the furrow during the technological process of planting with fungicides and insectofungicides are presented. For the treatment of potato plants in vegetation from diseases and pests, based on the results of research tests, it has been shown that in order to improve the quality of applying working fluids to the treated surface and more uniform coverage over plant tiers, it is best to use two-torch slotted injector sprayers for installation on spraying equipment. For the advanced resource-saving ULV technology, VIZR developed the design of a rotating disk or perforated drum with forced deposition of drops on the treated surface. The new design of the atomizer eliminates the drift of small drops from the treatment area, which reduces environmental risks, and also significantly reduces energy costs during the spraying process due to low fluid flow rates and the exclusion of auxiliary technological operations for the supply of water and the preparation of working fluids. An economic evaluation of the effectiveness of ULV technology with forced droplet deposition was carried out in comparison with the traditional technology of MO spraying in pest control on potatoes.
The results of research on the development of an electro-resonator device for improving air quality indicators in livestock premises
Authors: Manuylenko Alexander Nikolaevich
Published: July 2024

Most modern livestock farming technologies are based on closed production facilities, where it is necessary to follow the requirements of zootechnical and veterinary-sanitary standards for air quality. Failure to comply with air quality requirements leads to a decrease in animal productivity, an increase in the spread of disease and mortality of livestock. To ensure zootechnical and veterinary-sanitary standards in livestock buildings, it is necessary to follow measures to improve the health and gas composition of the air environment. The article presents the results of research on the use of electrical ozonation to improve air quality indicators in livestock buildings, which include a description of the design diagram of an electrical ozonation device, the results of theoretical calculations on the selection of electrical parameters of the ozonizer, as well as the results of experimental studies on the influence of the ozone-air mixture on air quality indicators environment for pathogenic microflora. A positive dynamics of the influence of ozone concentration on reducing the number of pathogenic microflora when treated with an ozone-air mixture was revealed. It has been established that with an increase in ozone concentration in the air of a production room, a decrease in the total microbial number is observed (1 mg/m3 – 398±14,95 CFU/m3; 5 mg/m3 – 340±15,6 CFU/m3; 10 mg/m3 – 188±10,36 CFU/m3), staphylococcus (1 mg/m3 – 71±4,42 CFU/m3; 5 mg/m3 – 23±6,34 CFU/m3; 10 mg/m3 – 19±6,92 CFU/m3).
Investigation of the effect of pre-sowing UV treatment modes on the mass yield of green vita-min soybean feed after germination
Authors: Strakhov Vladimir Yurievich
Published: July 2024

The studies presented in this article are devoted to the study of the influence of the modes of pre-sowing ultraviolet treatment of soybean seeds on the yield of green vitamin feed after germination. Modern research shows the high efficiency of using sprouted grain as a vitamin supplement in compound feed. According to zootechnical recommendations, sprouted soy as a vitamin supplement in compound feed is proposed to be used in an amount of 15-20 % of the total diet. Before germination, a mandatory operation is the treatment of seeds with chemicals in order to disinfect and prevent rotting during growth. It is proposed to replace the chemical treatment of seeds before germination with disinfection with ultraviolet radiation. The results of experimental studies and a regression equation taking into account the effect of energy illumination and processing time on the weight of sprouted feed on the fifth day are presented. Studies have shown that pre-sowing ultraviolet treatment of soybean seeds has a positive effect on the weight gain of vitamin feed. The increase in the sprouted mass of soy in the experiment compared with the control was 9.6 %. It has been reliably established that in the production of vitamin feeds based on soy, a pre-sowing UV treatment mode can be recommended, providing a specific power of ultraviolet irradiation of 9 W/m2 and a duration of irradiation of 30 seconds. At the same time, the specific energy consumption for processing will amount to 270 J/m2.
Erosion and hydrological processes on agricultural landscapes of the Saratov region of the Russian Federation in conditions of climate instability
Authors: Demakina Irina Igorevna , Fisenko Boris Viktorovich , Geraskina Anastasiya Aleksandrovna , Umasheva Mariya Aleksandrovna
Published: July 2024

The current state of the climate, which determines its instability, including in the Saratov region, has a direct impact on the formation of erosion and hydrological processes on its agricultural landscapes. According to the Saratov Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Volga Department for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring" for the period from 1981 to 2023, in all soil and climatic zones of the region, there is an increase in the average annual air temperature, a decrease in the depth of soil freezing and an increase in the number of thaws in winter, and There is also an increase in the proportion of rainfall in the summer period. These factors must be taken into account when assessing the formation of surface runoff of various genesis and, as a result, soil erosion. The article presents the results of an assessment of erosion and hydrological processes in the chernozems of the southern Saratov Right Bank for the period presented above. It has been established that the main climatic factors that determine the intensity of erosion and hydrological processes in the Saratov region are water reserves in the snow, the intensity of snowmelt, soil moisture and freezing.
Results of a soil monitoring survey in landscape farming systems
Authors: Kotlyarova Ekaterina Gennadievna , Akinchin Alexander Vladiirovich , Linkov Sergei Aleksandrovich , Kuzmina Olga Sergeevna
Published: July 2024

The results of five rounds of a soil monitoring survey of the model object “Repny Log” in the Krasnogvardeysky district of the Belgorod region with a fully developed adaptive landscape farming system are presented. Positive changes in soil fertility indicators have been established. In the soil layer of 0-20 cm, a gradual reduction in the rate of humus loss was replaced by its subsequent growth and stabilization; in the layer of 20-40 cm, an increase in the content of organic matter in the soil by 0.52% (absolute) was statistically significant. There was a significant decrease in pHs  = 7.57-7.65 with a pronounced alkaline reaction, characteristic of washed away carbonate soils, to the area of neutral values, followed by reliable stabilization (pHs = 6.31-6.58). Despite the high variability of more dynamic indicators, including agronomically valuable cations Ca2+ and Mg2+, as well as mobile forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, they made it possible to identify some features of soil processes and the influence of such elements of adaptive landscape farming systems on them, as systems of protective forest belts, crop rotations, and fertilizers.
Processing of chicken manure of different ages by modifying the basic technology into bio-compost and testing it on potatoes
Authors: Rabinovich Galina Yurievna , Treshkin Igor Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2024

Features of the development of an algorithm for preparing new biocompost from manure of different ages under controlled conditions are presented. An impressive series of preliminary experiments with composting manure in various combinations, both with and without the addition of sawdust, allowed us to select the best process for solid phase aerobic fermentation (SPAF). A process was chosen for which the initial mixture is made up of rotted (from 2 years) and semi-rotted (from 6 months) droppings in a ratio of 3:1 with the addition of 10 % sawdust, while an optimal temperature regime is created in the fermentable mass. This fermentation process was accompanied by the expected losses of carbon and nitrogen, reflecting the actually natural processes of biocomposting in the piles. Oxidation of the components of the fermented mass occurred, as evidenced by the intensive increase in nitrate accumulation against the background of a decrease in ammonia nitrogen. The new biocompost was characterized by a fairly high content of basic nutrients,  %: Ntotal - 3.80, P2O5 - 2.1, K2O - 2.45, humidity - 55 %, slightly alkaline pH 8.5. A negative, difficult to eliminate consequence of the updated SPAF process is the unpleasant odor of biocompost, the reduction of which can only be achieved through prolonged ventilation, which undoubtedly increases the cost of production. The initial testing of the new biocompost in 2023 on potatoes of the Queen Anna variety at an application rate of 15 t/ha ensured an increase in its yield compared to the control (without fertilizers) by 87 %. The new biocompost is recommended for use as a safe organic fertilizer and as a component for the production of soils. The benefits of this type of SPAF are associated with the abandonment of an expensive ingredient - peat, the use of a cheap livestock by-product (poultry manure) to the maximum extent, as well as the introduction of forest processing waste (sawdust) in a very small volume into the initial mixtures.
Ecological sustainability of safflower dye in the arid zone of the Northern Caspian
Authors: Yachmeneva Ekaterina Vasilievna , Dyakov Alexander Sergeevich
Published: July 2024

The territory of the Northern Caspian is a zone of unstable agriculture. In such conditions, the yield of non-irrigated crops mainly depends on their stability and adaptability to adverse environmental factors. The article presents the results of competitive testing of various varieties of safflower dye. Salt resistance, yield, adaptability and stress resistance were determined. According to the results of the research, the most resistant to salinization varieties were identified – Tsambuli, Center 70, and Krasa Stupinskaya, which had  the best indicators on all variants. The most productive and adapted to the conditions of the arid zone of the Northern Caspian sea varieties were identified - Center 70, Talan, Nurlan and Akmai, the yield of which was 1.17-1.34 t/ha, and the adaptability was 120-138 %. High stress resistance had Moldir, Tsambuli Center 70, VIR 2933 and Astrakhan 747 varieties.
On the influence of design and technological parameters of the cutting mechanism of a disk chipper on the release of chips
Authors: Fomina Olga Aleksandrovna , Fokin Sergey Vladimirovich , Kastornova Anastasiya Vladimirovna
Published: July 2024

The results of studies of the design and technological parameters of the cutting mechanism and the working process of removing chips from the casing of a disk chipper, with an upper location of the chip line using blades and a chipping disk, are presented. The peculiarity of the process of this method of moving chips is based on the use of kinetic energy, a chipping disk rotating at a certain speed, and blades located on it, from which the chips, receiving a certain amount of energy, tend in the air flow through the upper outlet to its collection point. Despite all the manufacturability of this method, it still has certain imperfections, one of the most significant is that the process of removing chips is sometimes not stable, due to its settling at the bottom of the casing and getting stuck in the sinuses of the disk. Very cramped conditions in the disc casing reduce the flight speed of the chips and, probably, change their trajectory, as a result, they have a decelerating effect on the movement of the chips, which reduces the efficiency of the unit of this mechanism. It has been established that the design and technological parameters of the casing, disc and blades of the chipper have a significant effect on the removal of fine chips from the casing of the chipper, which is formed in significant quantities as a result of grinding during movement, from impacts on the fixed and moving elements of the machine, which reduces the performance of the entire mechanism.
Resistance of potato hybrids to viral and fungal diseases in the conditions of the North Caucasus region
Authors: Kelekhsashvili Liana Merabovna , Gerieva Fatima Tamerlanovna , Dzedaev Hetag Totrazovich
Published: July 2024

The article reflects the results of phytopathological monitoring of the resistance of potato hybrids to the most common diseases. The features of the development of major diseases in the soil and climatic conditions of the North Caucasus region are studied. The quality of the seed material was determined visually by evaluating each plant during periods of full germination and flowering. The percentage of plants affected by diseases was calculated in relation to the total number. The research was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of Molecular genetic research of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences using an instrument and hardware line for PCR analysis. On average, over the years of research, hybrids were most affected by mottled mosaics 15/2961-2 (13.3 %), 1/2803-1 (8.3 %), 8/2975.15 (8.3 %), 8/2975.15(8.3 %). 89% of hybrids showed high resistance to wrinkled mosaic. Symptoms of leaf twisting have been noted in hybrids 8/2869-1 (1.7 %), 1714/3 (2.5 %), 19/2983 (1.7 %). Potato hybrids were not affected by the black stem. 71.8% of cultivars showed a sufficiently high resistance to late blight. 12 hybrids (30.7%) showed high resistance to rhizoctoniosis. During the research, valuable phytopathogen-free material was identified for further breeding work to create disease-resistant potato varieties.
Rationale for the shape of the sensor for layer-by-layer control of soil moisture
Authors: Soloviev Dmitry Aleksandrovich , Bakirov Sergey Mudarisovich , Kolganov Dmitry Aleksandrovich , Abzalov Muslim Alikovich
Published: July 2024

The work examines modern methods and means of measuring soil moisture, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Particular attention is paid to layer-by-layer soil moisture control sensors and the method of their installation in the ground. The problem of changes in soil density when installing a sensor is highlighted, which subsequently leads to a violation of the interpretation of real soil moisture. Requirements for humidity sensors are formulated to eliminate errors when installing sensors. The work proposes several forms of primary transducers that make it possible to more fully establish the real volumetric humidity based on the dielcometric measurement method. Visual forms of primary transducers are given, indicating the active measurement zones. The total capacity of the converter depends on three components: the dielectric constant of the soil; the dielectric constant of the dielectric between the plates; dielectric constant of the measuring system stand. The mathematical model of the dependence of capacitance on the frequency of the oscillatory circuit has been improved. It was found that the most acceptable shape is the shape with two parallel rings.
The green-leaved direction in soybean production in conditions of moisture supply in the Central Non-Chernozem region
Authors: Zagoruiko Mikhail Gennadievich , Belyshkina Marina Evgenievna , Kobozeva Tamara Petrovna
Published: July 2024

A comparative assessment of crop yield, protein content, feed value, and above-ground biomass (fresh and dry) of northern ecotype soybeans cultivars is given under the soil-moist conditions in the Central Black Earth Region. It was found out that, the yield of soybean seeds of the northern ecotype Mageva, Svetnaya and Okskaya cultivars in dark-gray forest soils of the Central Black Earth Region averaged 2.05 t/ha, the feed units per hundredweight of the yield after harvest, 2.75 t/ha, the protein content of seeds – 39.00%,  protein yield per hectare  – 0.79 t, the ratio of essential amino acids of protein seed yield – 59.43 %,  the amount of essential amino acids per hectare – 0.47 t, critical amino acid value of  total amount (lysine, methionine, tryptophan) – 12.37 % , the amount of critical amino acids – 0.099 t/ha. The fresh above-ground biomass yield during the soybean full grain formation stage (R6)  was 19.0 t/ha, the dry above-ground biomass yield was 5.63 t/ha (2.75 times higher than its value in the seed yield); the amount of fodder units of dry above-ground biomass yield was 2.92 t/ha (about 1.06 times higher than feed units in the seed yield); protein content in dry above-ground biomass – 16.5 % (2.36 times lower than its’ value in seeds), protein yield per hectare – 0.93 t (1.21 times more than protein seed yield); the content of essential amino acids in protein, contained in dry above-ground biomass did not exceed 49.10 %, it  was 1.20 times lower than its value in seeds, as a result, the amount of essential amino acids reached 0.45 t/ha, that was close to that of the seeds  yield; the content of critical amino acids in the protein did not exceed 10.26% (1.21 times less than its value in seed protein). In other words, its value reached (0.096 kg/ha), that was close to that of the seeds yield.  According to the experiment, the following mean values per unit mass, were obtained  by comparing 1 ton of seeds with 1 ton of dry above-ground biomass: the protein value was higher 2.36 times, the value of essential amino acids – 2.85 times higher, the value of critical amino acids – 2.88 times higher in seeds than in dry above-ground biomass. In all the years of research, dry above-ground biomass had advantages in terms of yield, in the amount of feed units from 1 ha, in terms of protein yield. In terms of the amount of essential amino acids  the difference turned out to be insignificant, that is, under the moisture conditions of the Central Non-Black Earth Region, the dry above-ground biomass of the northern ecotype soybean cultivars can be used as fodder just like seeds.
Assessment of spectral profiles of the leaf Quercus robur L. under normal conditions and with powdery mildew disease
Authors: Krylov Pavel Andreevich , Titov Danila Alekseevich
Published: July 2024

At the present time technologies of comprehensive assessment of the vital state of plants without conducting labor-intensive laboratory researches are being developed and created. Such technology is the assessment of morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters of the leaf using spectroradiometry. One of the main woody plants used in forest plantations in the South of Russia is Quercus robur L., which is susceptible to such a phytopathogen Microsphaera alphitoides L., which causes such a disease as powdery mildew. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the spectral profiles of the leaf of Quercus robur L. with normal health conditions and with powdery mildew disease. The spectral profiles of radiation transmission and absorption were obtained and assessed using a SpectraPen SP110 Uvis spectroradiometer. As a result of the study, it was shown that in Quercus robur L. individuals with powdery mildew, the observed radiation transmittance and absorption coefficients differ by 1.1-1.4 times compared to healthy plants. It is worth noting that in diseased plants, high absorption coefficients were recorded in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 520 nm compared to healthy Quercus robur L. individuals. These results suggest that the presence of powdery mildew on the leaf causes changes in its spectral parameters, which can be caused by increased activity of pigments and the production of phytopathogenic metabolites. In this regard, the assessment of transmission or absorption spectrograms may in the future make it possible to quickly detect infection with one or another phytopathogen that does not have a noticeable color at an early stage of growth and to assess the vital state of plants.
Ranking of Ural potato varieties applying a complex of agrobiological traits in the conditions of the Southern Urals
Authors: Nokhrin Denis Yurievich , Vasiliev Alexander Anatolievich
Published: July 2024

The article summarizes the results of experiments on the cultivation of 24 potatoes varieties of the Ural selection from 2017 to 2021. Using the principal component analysis on transformed (arcsine and Box–Cox) data 8 agrobiological indicators were analyzed (yield, productivity, number of tubers, average weight of tubers, marketability, late blight resistance, starch content, taste) and 7 principal components (PC) were identified, explaining 90% of the total variance. According to the integral indicator of productivity (PC 1; 43.1% of explaining variance), the following varieties were in the lead: Irbitskiy, Tarasov and Pamyati Kovalenko, according to starch content and taste of medium-sized tubers (PC 2, 21.3%) the leading varieties were: Zakhar, Kashtak and Amulet. Based on the results of the two-way ANOVA, the variance components were calculated, which are associated with the influence of the variety (genotype) and weather conditions (environment) as well as their combination (genotype–environment interaction) on the complex of agrobiological indicators. A strong influence of the environmental factor was observed for PC 1 and PC 3 (resistance to late blight and uniformity of tubers) – 66.9  and 56.5% respectively. The relationship between PC 1 and the hydrothermal coefficient was shown. The maximum influence of the genotype was discovered to be PC 2 – 43.0% and the genotype-environment interaction to be PC 4 (taste of large tubers) – 51.9%.
Varieties of forage crops bred in the North-Western Scientific Research Institute of Dairy and Grassland Farming
Authors: Pryadilshchikova Elena Nikolaevna , Vakhrusheva Vera Viktorovna , Bezgodova Irina Leonidovna , Chernysheva Olga Оlegovna
Published: July 2024

To expand the assortment of pea varieties, the staff of the North-Western Scientific Research Institute of Dairy and Grassland Farming has been breeding this crop for 30 years. The basis for the creation of new varieties is hybridization and selection. In most crosses, a high-yielding variety adapted to a given soil and climatic zone is used as one parent, and a sample more valuable in terms of totality and individual characteristics is selected as the second parent. The result of the selection work of the 1980s  was the breeding of two varieties of peas SZM-85 and  Fen, with an average yield of green mass and seeds of 25 and 2 t/ha, and about 30  and 3 t/ha, respectively. In Russia and abroad, varieties of peas of the mustachioed morphotype began to occupy most of the crops. In the early 2000s, Vologodskiy Usaty pea variety were bred. It had a high seed multiplication coefficient, allowing to reduce seed costs, more resistant to lodging and diseases with the highest yield of green mass of 37.8 t/ha, grain – of 3.3 t/ha in the experiments of the North-Western Scientific Research Institute of Dairy and Grassland Farming. Varieties of peas SZM-85 and Vologodskiy Usaty are currently preserved in the State Register of Breeding Achievements.
DNA-markers of spinelessness in representatives of the Rosaceae family
Authors: Khalitova Elsa Khafizovna , Pogorelets Lyudmila Vasilievna , Shaimardanov Damir Yulaevich , Rakhmangulov Ruslan Sultanovich
Published: July 2024

Numerous members of the Rosaceae family are economically important crops. However, there are a number of problems that make it difficult to care for plants, which definitely prevents their domestication and industrial production. One of these problems is the presence of trichomes. In this connection, the cultivation of plants with the absence of thorns is a very relevant issue. The study of the molecular genetics foundations of Rosaceae breeding is a prerequisite for the development of new approaches to the creation of thornless varieties. There are many known genes that can be used in breeding Rosaceae plants. One of these genes is the TTG1 gene, which regulates trichome initiation through the formation of complexes with transcription factors. Analysis of the literature data presented in this review article showed that genes encoding the TTG protein can be used in the selection of thornless varieties of Rosaceae. The purpose of this work is to review the current state of knowledge and highlight the latest achievements in the field of molecular genetics and breeding of the Rosaceae family of spinelessness.
Improving the treatment of cows with paravaginal abscesses in the puerperal period
Authors: Zemlyankin Victor Viktorovich , Semivolos Alexander Mefodievich , Loshchinin Sergey Olegovich
Published: July 2024

The research on a population of Holsteinized black-and-white cattle was carried out in the Antonov Agricultural Farm, Kinelsky district, Samara region. During obstetric and gynecological examinations in cows, cases of the development  of paravaginal abscesses after clving were recorded. In the examined animals with paravaginal abscesses against the background of postpartum acute purulent-catarrhal endometritis, hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, anorexia, and general depression were observed. To study the effectiveness of various methods of treating cows with paravaginal abscesses in the postpartum period against the background of acute purulent-catarrhal postpartum endometritis, two experimental and one control groups of animals 3–7 years of age were formed, their  milk production was 5600–8300 kg of milk per lactation, body weight 475-587 kg. Diagnoses were determined  based on the generally accepted concept in veterinary obstetrics and surgery, according to signs typical for these pathologies. During the research, the semiotics of the disease was established and a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of treatment with various methods of this pathology was given. It has been shown that the use of a Pezzer catheter in all animals of the experimental group guarantees constant drainage of pathological exudate,  prevents the development of the disease relapses. Thanks to this technical solution, it was possible to ensure the recovery of all cows, and restoration of fertility occurred in 66.7%, whereas when using the classical method of therapy for paravaginal abscesses, the effectiveness was 50%, restoration of fertility was noted in only 33.3% of animals.