bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF PROPRANOLOL (INDERAL®) AND H 56/28 (APTIN®) IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Lund‐Larsen Per G. , Sivertssen Egil
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe hemodynamic effects of propranolol (Inderal®) and H 56/28 (Aptin®) were compared in a study of 17 patients in the acute stage of myocardial infarction. Eight patients received 5 mg propranolol i. v. (group I) and the remainder 5 mg H 56/28 (group A). Cardiac index (CI), heart rate (HR) and stroke index (SI) were significantly reduced after both drugs. The difference between mean CI and SI reductions in the two groups was not significant (p> 0.05), while the difference between mean HR reductions was almost significant (0.02< p> 0.05). Total peripheral resistance index (TPRI), circulation time (CT) and right atrial mean blood pressure (RAMP) increased significantly in both groups. The difference between mean TPRI, CT and RAMP increases in the two groups was not significant for TPRI (p> 0.05) but almost significant for CT and RAMP (0.01 >p< 0.05). Arterial systolic blood pressure (SBP) fell almost significantly (0.02 <p< 0.05) in group I, while no change occurred in group A. Arterial diastolic and mean blood pressures did not change in either group.

It is concluded that propranolol and H 56/28 have about equal effects on most of the measured parameters in patients with strong sympathetic drive. The intrinsic sympathetic stimulating action of H 5628 is not sufficient to compensate for theβ‐adrenergic receptor blocking effect of the drug in this situation. The two drugs should therefore both be considered dangerous in patients in whom augmented sympathetic drive is necessary for the maintenance of adequate cardiac contractility and rate. The tendency to bradycardia, prolonged circulation time and hypotension may be slightly less after H 56/28 than after propranolol injected intravenously in the same doses.
LACTOSE MALABSORPTION IN GREENLAND ESKIMOS
Authors: Gudmand‐Høyer E. , Jarnum Stig
Published: August 2010

Abstract The incidence of lactose malabsorption in 32 Greenland Eskimos has been studied by means of sugar tolerance tests and, in nine cases, determination of disaccharidase activity in jejunal biopsies. Twenty‐three (72%) had lactose malabsorption. If seven Eskimos with a Danish ancestor are excluded, the incidence of lactose malabsorption is 88% (22 of 25).

Lactose malabsorption seems to be a distinctive racial feature in Eskimos. Clinical signs of lactose malabsorption were rare, but so was milk consumption in general. However, clinical reactions to lactose ingestion during a lactose tolerance test were less pronounced than in lactasedeficient white patients.
BLOOD VOLUME AND EXCHANGEABLE SODIUM DURING TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION WITH GUANETHIDINE AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
Authors: Rønnov‐Jessen Vagn , Hansen Jacob
Published: August 2010

Abstract Antipressor treatment with guanethidine for 8 to 14 days produce a significant average increase in blood volume and exchangeable sodium of 382 ml (8.5%) and 210 mEq (7%), respectively.

Subsequent supplementary treatment with hydrochlorothiazide resulted in a normalization of the above‐mentioned parameters both during short‐term and long‐term management.

It is proposed that these effects are of importance for the continued hypotensive effect of the thiazides.
DESTRUCTION OF ERYTHROCYTES DURING EXPERIMENTAL FEVER
Authors: Karle Hans
Published: August 2010

Abstract A simple analytical model has been worked out for quantitative assessment of temporary shifts in erythrocyte survival curves after labelling with radioactive tracers. This model was applied to 51Cr and DF32P curves from rabbits exposed to experimental fever induced by either bacterial pyrogen, heated milk or external heating in a climatic chamber. Thereby a quantitative expression of the fever‐induced erythrocyte destruction was obtained.

In all three methods for elevating the body temperature experimentally the studies showed an increased loss of activity during the fever, either in terms of the slope of the curve segment concerned with fever compared to the pre‐or post‐febrile periods or in terms of the deviation of the observed curves from the expected, spontaneous course in the rabbit. The maximum loss occurred soon after the initiation of fever, and prolongation of the fever period did not cause a continued increase in the destruction of the labelled erythrocytes. A certain correlation was found between the initial action of heat and the magnitude of the erythrocyte destruction.

After the cessation of a short‐lasting period of fever the tracer curve again approached the expected spontaneous course, explained by an age‐dependent variation in the heat susceptibility of the erythrocytes. By using the age‐distribution function for rabbit erythrocytes, an explanation of the demonstrated differences in the simultaneous changes in radioactivity and haemoglobin or PCV is attempted.

It is concluded that elevated body temperature shortens the mean survival time of the red cells. The average reduction of the red cell mass in the present study was about 15% and the maximum loss about 35%.
RENAL CLEARANCES IN UNILATERALLY NEPHRECTOMIZED PIGS AND IN PIGS WITH AN AUTOTRANSPLANTED KIDNEY
Authors: Gyrd‐Hansen N. , Lund F. , Hansen R. Iversen , Fernandes A. , Kemp E. , Løkkegaard H. , Rasmussen Folke
Published: August 2010

Abstract The concentration of creatinine and urea in plasma and clearances of inulin, endogenous creatinine, urea, and PAH have been measured in pigs on which were performed unilateral nephrectomy (Group A), renal autotransplantation with uretero‐vesical anastomosis (Group B), and renal autotransplantation with uretero‐ureteral anastomosis (Group C). In Groups B and C contralateral nephrectomy was carried out simultaneously. The concentration of creatinine and urea of the pigs in Group A was normal throughout the experimental period. In Groups B and C the concentration rose rapidly immediately after the operation to become normal in the course of 7 days. In Group B a secondary rise was observed between the 7th and 42nd day, in all probability due to ureteral stricture. On the 94th day the clearances of inulin and PAH, calculated per 10 kg body weight, were 17 and 57 ml/min for Group A, 15 and 50 ml/min for Group B, and 18 and 67 ml/min for Group C. The maximal tubular excretion (Tm) of PAH was 19, 19 and 25 mg/min/10 kg body weight for Groups A, B, and C, respectively. These values are 70–100% of the values in normal pigs, indicating that compensatory hypertrophy has occurred in all cases.
RENAL EXCRETION OF LOW AND HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP) IN PATIENTS WITH PROTEINURIA
Authors: Arisz L. , Hazenberg B. P. , van Zanten A. , Mandema E.
Published: August 2010

Abstract The renal excretion of two types of PVP, with low and high molecular weight (LMW‐PVP and HMW‐PVP), has been investigated in normal subjects and in patients with proteinuria due to primary renal disease. A significant excretion was found also of HMW‐PVP.

The patients with proteinuria had a slower excretion of PVP than the control subjects. During the first hours after injection the quantity of PVP in the urine was much less in the patients. This quantity correlated positively with the creatinine clearance.

It seems probable that initially the smaller molecules of the PVP sample are excreted and that this excretion is mainly dependent upon the GFR. In a later phase excretion in the patients was on a relatively higher level than in the controls. This may be due both to increased glomerular permeability for the larger PVP molecules and to a longer serum half‐life of PVP.

Protein clearances were carried out concurrently, which made it possible to divide the patients into a selective and a non‐selective type of proteinuria. The mean ratio LMW‐PVP/HMW‐PVP in the non‐selective group was different from the selective group and from the control group. No difference was found in PVP permeability between the selective group and the control group. It is concluded that this PVP ratio may demonstrate differences in glomerular permeability between groups of patients. However with the testing material used in this study, the overlap is too large for determination of selectivity in individual cases.
GLOMERULONEPHRITIS WITH INITIAL LUNG PURPURA (GOODPASTURE'S SYNDROME)
Authors: Solberg C. O.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Four cases of glomerulonephritis with initial lung purpura (Goodpasture's syndrome) are presented. Two patients succumbed to their disease after a few months, one being treated with corticosteroids and hemodialysis, the other with corticosteroids only. The third patient showed complete reversal of both the pulmonary and the renal symptoms 10 months after onset of the disease. He received no chemotherapy. Now he has been in full‐time occupation for more than six months. The fourth patient, during a period of five years, experienced three episodes of glomerulonephritis with initial pulmonary hemorrhage. The symptoms, especially the hemoptysis, were far more pronounced during the first episode, and seemed to respond favorably to corticosteroid therapy. No chemotherapy was given during the last episodes. For the last 3–4 years the patient has been in good health. Patients with severe pulmonary hemorrhage and minor renal symptoms may respond favorably to corticosteroid therapy. The grave prognosis in Goodpasture's syndrome is based primarily on autopsy series. Benign forms do exist and should not be overlooked or left unpublished.
ACCIDENTALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
Authors: Solem Jan H. , Jörgensen Wilfred
Published: August 2010

AbstractA case report is given of infectious mononucleosis (IM) accidentally transmitted to a patient by transfusion. The donor, two days after giving 450 ml citrated blood, experienced malaise and IM was diagnosed with a typical clinical and haematological course. The citrated blood was stored for three days before the donation. The transfused patient three weeks later developed a febrile syndrome with general adenopathy and the haematological features of IM. The diagnosis of IM was supported by a positive horse‐cell slide‐agglutination test (EMNI test).
THE SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULIN ANDβ‐1‐C/β‐1‐A GLOBULIN LEVELS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Wasastjerna Curt , Ekelund Paul
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM and theβ‐1‐A globulin have been determined by the single radiation immunodiffusion technique in serum samples from 55 RA patients and 48 healthy controls. The average total Ig level, and the IgG level, were higher in RA sera. The IgA and IgM levels were also somewhat higher, but the difference was not statistically significant if the age group was taken into consideration. Theβ‐1‐A globulin content was similar in the RA sera and the controls. This globulin was positively correlated to the total Ig and to the IgG level in the RA series, and inversely to the IgM level in the normal series. The IgG level rose with increasing age, both in the RA series and in the whole series. In the normal series the IgM level diminished with increasing age.
INFLUENCE OF GASTRECTOMY ON LEUCOCYTES IN BLOOD DURING EXERCISE IN TUBERCULOUS PATIENTS
Authors: Hanngren Ake , Strandell Tore
Published: August 2010

Abstract The leucocyte count of capillary finger blood determined at rest and during a 30 min exercise period in 13 gastrectomized and 9 non‐gastrectomized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is reported.

The increase with exercise of polynuclear and of total number of leucocytes was less (p < 0.05) in the group of gastrectomized patients. No relationships of significance could be observed between different absorption tests and the increase of leucocytes in blood with exercise in this material.

The number of leucocytes in blood at rest and during exercise was correlated (p < 0.05) with the concentration of gammaglobulins in blood and the tuberculin reactivity of the patients: those with weak reactivity and low gammaglobulin concentrations and low leucocyte values.
EFFECT OF PARA‐AMINOSALICYLIC ACID ON SERUM LIPIDS
Authors: Rytkönen Rauno
Published: August 2010

Abstract The effect of PAS on serum lipids has been studied in a sample of 15 outpatients whose daily dietary regimes were not controlled. PAS was found to reduce serum cholesterol, phospholipid and total lipid values, a finding consistent with results reported earlier. Apparently owing to the freer dietary conditions, the falls in lipid values in the present sample were somewhat lower than those reported earlier. Normal triglyceride values showed no significant fall, but two patients with increased triglycerides showed considerable reductions. Further studies into the effect of PAS on triglycerides are obviously worthwhile.
HYPOGLUCOSURIA AND L‐FORMS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI IN THE URINE
Authors: Mårdh P.‐A. , Fritz H. , Köhler L. , Scherstén B.
Published: August 2010

Abstract During screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria with the hypoglucosuria test, the urine from a seven‐year‐old girl showed low glucose values, but negative conventional cultures. Heavy growth of l‐forms of Escherichia coli, unaccompanied by growth of the classical bacterial form, was obtained on two occasions. The girl had no symptoms, no past history of urinary tract infection, and had never been treated with antibiotics. Shortly afterwards she presented symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infection, accompanied on this occasion by growth of classical E. coli. The finding of subnormal, fasting urinary glucose levels in combination with negative conventional cultures may indicate a latent infection due to l‐forms.
NORMAL AND LEUKEMIC CELL PRODUCTION IN MAN1
Authors: Reizenstein Peter , Werner Bengt
Published: August 2010

Abstract. It is conceivable that the effect of a tumor, e.g., leukemia, upon the host depends as much on the total production of tumor cells as on their proliferation rate. For this reason an analysis of the human production rate of normal and leukemic cells was based on the in vivo 3H‐thymidine‐labeling‐index variations found by Bond et al., and on thoracic duct drainage in patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia. Only three subjects were studied, none of them quite healthy, and several assumptions had to be made. However, the methods of analysis described may be of use.

It is calculated that proerythroblasts divide most often—every five hours—and most quickly. With increasing maturity the proliferation rate appears to decrease; polychromatic erythroblasts divide only once in eight hours, and every division takes half an hour. Of the former cells 51 times 109, of the latter 2.0 times 1011, are formed daily. In healthy persons the production may be somewhat smaller and times longer. Assuming that some animal data on the distribution and life span of lymphocytes can be extrapolated to man, the very tentative figure that lymphocytes recirculate from blood to lymph nodes and hack to blood about twice is obtained.

In normal persons some 4 times 109 lymphocytes enter the blood daily via the thoracic duct, whereas in leukemia some 4 times 1010 enter. Even if the leukemic lymphocytes did not recirculate at all and this latter figure equalled the real lymphocyte production in leukemia, it would be smaller than the production of normal orthochromatic erythroblasts. Even in these advanced cases of leukemia, accordingly, the total production of tumor cells appears to be small when compared to the total production of normal bone marrow cells.

Thoracic duct drainage, like extra‐corporeal radiation, removes some 1010 lymphocytes daily, or about one daily production, and causes lymph nodes to decrease, but unfortunately does not seem to improve the clinical condition of the patients.
IRON DEFICIENCY IN WOMEN OF FERTILE AGE IN A SWEDISH COMMUNITY
Authors: Garby Lars , Irnell Lars , Werner Ivar
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Observations on haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, serum iron, serum iron binding capacity and serum iron saturation were made before and after three months of supplementation of iron and placebo to respectively 121 and 63 apparently healthy women of fertile age.

A significant change in the observed parameters was defined on the basis of the changes in the placebo group. Such a change in one or several of the parameters was observed in about 30% of the women receiving iron.

The property of the observed changes to be predicted from initial values was investigated; and it was found that a change in haemoglobin, or, equally well, in packed cell volume was the most predictable change.

The best predictor for the change in haemoglobin, or packed cell volume, was found to be the initial value of the parameter itself. A slightly better prediction was obtained by a linear combination of the initial values of haemoglobin, packed cell volume and serum iron saturation.
PERMANENT CARDIAC PACING
Authors: Grendahl Helge , Sivertssen Egil , Bay Gunnar , Bergan Frank
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A follow‐up study of 88 patients on permanent cardiac pacing is reported. The observation time was from one month to six years, on average 1 1/2 years. A‐V block was seen in 85, S‐A block in three patients. The etiology was primary A‐V block in 57, coronary heart disease in 19, and other heart diseases in 12. Adams‐Stokes attack was observed in 73 patients. The mean age was 69 years. Twelve patients were primarily treated with epicardial and 76 with endocardial electrodes. In five patients a shift was made from epicardial to endocardial electrodes. The mortality in the first year was 13%, the total mortality 22%. In patients with primary A‐V block the total mortality during the observation period was 9%, in coronary heart disease 47%. In the authors' opinion endocardial pacing is a reliable method and the one which should be preferred. A regular ambulant control is very important, preferably in a specialized pacemaker‐clinic.
METASTATIC CALCIFICATION OF SOFT TISSUE ON OVERDOSAGE OF VITAMIN D
Authors: Irnell Lars
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Nephrocalcinosis and renal insufficiency in a case of vitamin D intoxication are described in order to emphasize the risk of overdosage in careless or uncontrolled administration of vitamin D, and to report a successful form of treatment in which sodium phytate may have played an important part. The case indicates that it may be possible to reduce the serum calcium level by oral administration of sodium phytate, and that—with the patient at home—this level can be kept low for a long time by means of a low calcium diet. It is also indicated that a distinct roentgenologic regression of calcification of the renal tissue, with simultaneous improvement of renal function, is quite possible.
THE HbO2 DISSOCIATION IN CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Orinius E.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The oxygen saturation of blood from seven patients with cardiomyopathy and seven controls has been determined after equilibration with 1.1 and 2.1% oxygen gas mixtures. No significant differences were found between patients and controls, nor between smokers and non‐smokers.
INFLUENCE OF THE SITE OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ON MORTALITY RATE
Authors: Isomäki H. , Takala J. , Räsänen O.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The influence of the location of infarction, determined by electrocardiography, on mortality in a series of 864 patients with myocardial infarction has been studied restrospectively. 183 of these patients died (21.2%); 136 were autopsied and the location of the infarction was determined histologically. On the basis of the ECG findings the material was divided into anteroseptal, anterior, posterior and indefinite groups. Mortality in the indefinite group was 38.0%, anteroseptal group 23.8, anterior 22.8 and posterior 14.2%. In view of the autopsy results it would seem that the mortality rate for anteroseptal infarction is higher than that for anterior or posterior infarction. Diabetes and hypertension did not, in the present series, affect the infarction mortality, whereas bundle branch block seen in the ECG distinctly increased the mortality.
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN EARLY AGE
Authors: Hood B. , Tibblin G. , Welin G. , Örndahl G. , Korsan‐Bengtsen K.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Two hundred and thirty survivors among 481 males, suffering their first myocardial infarction at or below the age of 50, were submitted to a thorough follow‐up examination 1–18 years after their first attack. Coronary risk factors, as earlier established from clinical work and prospective studies, were extremely prevalent as judged by comparison with a population study of 855 fifty‐year‐old males from the same city, using the same methods. Serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum uric acid, serum fibrinogen, fasting blood sugar, systolic and diastolic blood pressures all showed a heavy accumulation within the higher decentiles of the population study. This was especially striking as regards serum cholesterol. 97.5 per cent had been smokers at the time of the attack as compared with 56.2 in the population study. Efforts aimed at control of the risk factors had in the vast majority of cases been neglected or unsystematically or badly pursued.
THE BEHAVIOUR OF CERULOPLASMIN FRACTIONS IN LIVER DISEASES
Authors: Trip J. A. J. , Que G. S. , Botterweg‐Span Y. , Mandema E.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Ceruloplasmin fractions I(C‐C) and II(C‐D) have been estimated in patients with infectious hepatitis, liver metastases and cirrhosis of the liver. In infectious hepatitis and metastases serum ceruloplasmin content was increased and the percentage of fraction I(C‐C) was decreased; no correlation between these parameters could be found. In the group of cirrhotics mean serum ceruloplasmin concentration was normal but the mean percentage of fraction I(C‐C) was decreased. A positive correlation between these values could be demonstrated. Very low ceruloplasmin levels were found in some patients with the most severe form of liver cirrhosis; if this is the result of an impaired synthesis, it seems probable that especially fraction I(C‐C) is affected by this disturbance. The possibility that only fraction I(C‐C) is synthesized by the liver is discussed.
ON THE CONTENT OF CYTOCHROME C IN HUMAN MUSCLES
Authors: Åkeson Åke , Biörck Gunnar , Simon Rosemarie
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A quantitative method of determining cytocrome c in human muscles is described.

A piece of muscle, about 4 g, is ground with dry ice, homogenized and exhaustively extracted with phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 containing 0.4 M sodium chloride. After being centrifuged at 15,000 × g the supernatant is acidified to pH 4.0 at which pH cytochrome c remains in solution, and a large coloured precipitate is removed by centrifugation. The supernatant is neutralized and all remaining heme groups containing proteins except cytochrome c are precipitated with ammonium sulphate at 60% saturation.

The cytochrome c is then determined by spectrophotometry and calculated as mg per 100 g of dry weight, the latter being determined on the original homogenate.

In an autopsy material, mainly consisting of elderly patients, the cytochrome c content was found to be about 105 mg per 100 g dry muscle in the left ventricular myocardium, 90 mg in the right ventricular myocardium, 33 mg in the diaphragm and 18 mg in upper thigh muscles. The relation between heart and skeletal muscle was of the order of 6:1. The limited number of subjects studied does not permit any definite conclusions as regards the relationship of the cytochrome c content to other biological or clinical parameters in the material.

The values obtained are higher than reported previously (about twice or more), whereas the relations between values for heart, diaphragm and other skeletal muscle seem to be quite similar to those given earlier. Some comments are given to explain the differences.

It is thought that this method, as well as that for myoglobin recently reported, may be of value for the study of the physiology and pathology of iron metabolism.
THE PROGNOSIS OF CONSERVATIVELY TREATED DIABETIC GANGRENE
Authors: Viskum K.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. One hundred and fifty‐seven patients have been admitted to the medical ward in the years 1961 to 1967 inclusive, in whom a conservative treatment for diabetic gangrene of the lower extremities has been attempted. They have been followed for an average observation time of 3.8 years. Clinical information has been obtained concerning 100% of the patients. The survival of the patients in the material is shown to be considerably less than for the population at large, with only approximately 50% of the patients surviving for more than three years. The excess deaths were caused mainly by arteriosclerotic heart disease and, to a lesser degree, by complications of the gangrene. The attempted conservative therapy has been very time‐consuming, and amputations could not be avoided in the majority of cases. It is shown, however, that the mutilating calf and thigh amputation can be avoided in approximately 60% of the patients. About one‐third of the patients who have had an amputation on one side will require an amputation on the second, initially unaffected leg within three years after the first amputation. The social outlook for the patients is shown to be poor. Only a few of them continued to be gainfully employed and 25% were, at follow‐up, bound to a wheel chair or under permanent care in an institution.
RENAL VASCULAR INVOLVEMENT IN A CASE OF POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATIC A WITH TEMPORAL ARTERITIS
Authors: Tallgren Leif G. , von Knorring Johan
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A case of polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis with renal arteriolar involvement is presented. Successive renal biopsies before, during and after steroid therapy showed an active inflammatory process in the renal arterioles visible as an intense PAS‐positive staining of the intimal layer, reversible during steroid therapy and succeeded by increasing fibrotic thickening. Glomerular histological changes associated with the disease were not present. Renal function and urinary findings were normal.

It is suggested that the vascular lesions encountered in this case indicate a disseminating arteritis as the underlying disease process. Although renal symptoms and signs in cases of temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica have been reported, no specific vascular lesions reversible by steroid therapy and verified by successive biopsies have, to the authors' knowledge, been described previously.

Definite conclusions about the renal vascular lesions in polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis await final confirmation from larger series with renal biopsies.
INCREASED LECITHINASE ACTIVITY AFTER HEPARIN ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Berlin Ragnar , Oldfelt Carl Olof , Vikrot Olle
Published: August 2010

Abstract.The increased lecithinase as well as lipase activity of post‐heparin plasma in comparison with native plasma subjected to incubation is reported. The enzymatic action gives rise to a further increased formation of lysolecithin, a concomitant diminution of lecithin and triglycerides with an appreciable liberation of fatty acids. In spite of the presence in abundance of free fatty acids no further esterification of free cholesterol takes place, in contrast to the considerable decrease of free cholesterol by transesterification from the enzymatically split lecithin when pre‐heparin plasma is subjected to incubation. Possibly an esterification “threshold level” exists in this respect. The effect of a single heparin injection on the lipid metabolism will last for about 3–4 h.

Based on the available data from this report and earlier findings the possibility is discussed whether or not the clearing of lipemic plasma can be explained by the consecutive action of a lecithinase and a lipase, the first enzyme transferring the stabilizing surface layer of the chylomicra consisting of phospholipids and cholesterol into a more or less water‐soluble form, and thereafter the second enzyme can act directly on the chylomicron content of triglycerides. An experimental approach to in vitro clearing of lipemic plasma by the two enzyme systems from extraneous sources is discussed.
ISOLATED PULMONIC VALVULAR REGURGITATION
Authors: Rokseth Rolf
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Isolated congenital pulmonic valvular regurgitation has been considered to be an extremely rare anomaly. The present paper gives a clinical and haemodynamic description of nine patients, seven of whom were seen by one Cardiological Unit in the course of five years. A constant clinical sign was a diastolic murmur in the second and third left intercostal space. Phonocardiograms disclosed occasionally a crescendo‐decrescendo murmur, which has been described as “typical”, but more often the murmur was simply decrescendo. The shape is apparently of little value in judging the severity of the lesion, as mild cases presented either type of murmur. A systolic murmur of varying grade has previously been described as a constant finding in pulmonic valvular regurgitation. However, in one of the present patients there was no such murmur. The diastolic murmur was occasionally very faint and may easily be overlooked. It is suggested that isolated pulmonic valve regurgitation may occur more frequently than previously believed.
THE EFFECT OF THYROID HORMONES ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF TAURINE IN MAN
Authors: Hellström Kjell , Schuberth Jan
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The urinary excretion of taurine has been determined for six hypothyroid patients before and after therapeutic treatment with thyroid hormones. Three of the patients were fed a standardized diet in isocaloric amounts during both parts of the study, whereas the other subjects were given the hospital diet without restriction. Duodenal bile, collected from three patients, was analysed for bile acids. After therapy the urinary taurine increased in all patients and the elevated ratio between glycine and taurine conjugated bile acids dropped towards a normal range. Treatment with thyroid hormones did not influence the urinary excretion of sulphate in two of three patients studied. It was concluded that the effect of treatment on the excretion of taurine in hypothyroid patients was not due to an elevated intake of sulphuramino acids with the diet.
MINERALOGICAL AND CLINICAL INVESTIGATION OF STONES FROM THE URINARY TRACT
Authors: Rokkones Torgeir , Skandsen Sigbjørn
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The investigation has been made on 106 stones from the urinary tract collected over a period of a little more than one year at Ullevål Hospital. The stones were examined mineralogically by the X‐ray diffraction method and the results are presented in tables. The patients from which the stones were taken have been classified according to the mineral composition of the stones and an attempt has been made to ascertain whether there are any clinical characteristics which can be correlated to the mineralogical classification.
ADENOSINE‐DIPHOSPHATE‐INDUCED PLATELET ADHESIVENESS IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE
Authors: Sjögren A. , Böttiger L.‐E. , Biörck G. , Wahlberg F. , Carlson L. A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Adenosine‐diphosphate‐induced platelet adhesiveness to glass beads has been estimated in 50 patients with previous myocardial infarction and 50 matched controls. Similar degrees of adhesiveness were found in both groups. No correlation was found between platelet adhesiveness and glucose tolerance as estimated by the intravenous glucose tolerance test, serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Platelet adhesiveness did not change after an intravenous glucose load. Platelet adhesiveness in a group of 20 insulin‐treated diabetics was significantly higher than in the healthy controls, but did not differ from the group with ischaemic heart disease. The mean cholesterol levels of patients and controls were similar, but the triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the patients.
RENAL ACIDIFICATION AND HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINAEMIA
Authors: Pasternack A. , Martio J. , Nissilä M. , Wegelius O.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Renal acidification has been tested by an ammonium chloride load on hypergammaglobulinaemic and eugammaglobulinaemic patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Both groups had normal urinary acidification. The result lends support to the suggestion that hypergammaglobulinaemia per se does not cause impairment of renal acidification.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS TERMINATING IN PLASMOCYTOMA
Authors: Wegelius Otto , Skrifvars Bo , Andersson Leif
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Five patients with rheumatoid arthritis and myeloma are described. A typical case of rheumatoid arthritis and benign gammopathy is also reported. In all of the patients with myeloma the joint disease was considered to be primary rheumatoid arthritis. The cases are discussed against the background of other plasma cell dyscrasias in rheumatics. The present cases seem to argue in favour of the view that during the course of chronic rheumatoid arthritis with protracted irritation of the immune system, plasma cell diseases are likely to develop. During the progression of multiple myeloma, the patients' joint symptoms abated and the titre of rheumatoid factor in the serum dropped. In some of the cases cytostatic treatment of the multiple myeloma may have been of significance for the remission of the joint symptoms.
SOFT TISSUE CALCIFICATION IN HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Irnell Lars , Werner Ivar , Grimelius Lars
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Observations of soft tissue calcifications in a series of 71 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism are presented together with a review of the literature. Four cases with unusual and illustrative features are presented in detail. From the localization, the appearance and the frequency the soft tissue calcifications in primary hyperparathyroidism can be divided into four groups. Soft tissue calcifications of diagnostic significance, essentially nephrocalcinosis and peri‐ and intraarticular calcification do not seem to occur in more than 5–10% of all cases with primary hyperparathyroidism. The phenomenon seems to be much more common in secondary hyperparathyroidism. This is most probably due to the impaired kidney function usually found in secondary hyperparathyroidism.
STUDIES IN SUBJECTS WITH POSITIVE POSTPRANDIAL CLINISTIXr̀ TEST
Authors: Lundquist Ingmar , Nordén Åke , Scherstén Bengt
Published: August 2010

Abstract. SILA has been determined in two groups of subjects with a non‐diabetic positive Clinistixr̀ test: one with a normal glucose tolerance (“renal glucosuria”), and the other with a high initial blood glucose rise and normal level after 60 min (alimentary glucosuria or “oxyhyperglucemia”).

Nineteen males with constant renal glucosuria showed normal fasting SILA. Seven males in this group were studied during oral glucose loading: four subjects showed a low (“diabetic”) SILA response, while three showed a normal response. Three females with constant glucosuria had higher than normal fasting SILA; two of them were studied during oral glucose loading and in both the SILA response was normal.

Ninety males with intermittent renal glucosuria had normal fasting SILA, but sixteen females had higher than normal fasting SILA. Of the ninety, twenty were studied during glucose loading: fifteen had a normal SILA response, whereas five had subnormal (“diabetic type”) response.

Fourteen males with oxyhyperglucemia had fasting SILA above normal, and three out of four females had increased fasting SILA. The SILA response to glucose was normal in the five males studied, but the insulinogenic index was lower than normal.

It is concluded that the high fasting SILA and subnormal “diabetic type” SILA response to glucose loading frequently found in non‐diabetic glucosurics may indicate that non‐diabetic glucosuria in some cases is related to an increased risk of developing diabetes.
EXTRACORPOREAL IRRADIATION OF THE BLOOD AS IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT IN RENAL TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Weeke Eva , Andersen Vagn , Sørensen Søren Freiesleben , Bahr Bjarne
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Seventeen consecutive patients in terminal uraemia were treated with extracorporeal irradiation of the blood (ECI) as pretransplantation immunosuppressive therapy. Eleven patients have received a kidney transplant, and eight of these were treated with ECI after the transplantation too.

The transit dose employed was 280–610 rads, the average total dose 54,600 rads. In all patients the lymphocyte concentration in the blood decreased during ECI, on the average to 20% of pretreatment values, or to 290 ± 110/μl. No correlation was observed between transit dose and decrease in lymphocyte concentration.

After ECI the lymphocyte counts have remained below 50% of pretreatment values in all patients including those who were not transplanted and therefore did not receive other immunosuppressive therapy (maximum 14 months of observation).

Ten patients received a kidney transplant from a related living donor (2 Al match, 6 C match, 2 D match) and one a necrokidney (D or E match). All transplanted patients were treated with azathioprine and prednisone; the dosages employed were relatively small. Two rejection episodes have occurred, both slight and reversible, and renal function is now, 1 to 12 months after transplantation, normal in all.
KIDNEY PRESERVATION WITH HYPOTHERMIA AND HYPERBARIC OXYGEN
Authors: Løkkegaard Hans
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The possibility of supplying kidneys of about (he size of normal human kidneys, kept under hypothermia (5°C) and hyperbaric oxygen (15, 25 or 50 ATA), with sufficient oxygen when the diffusion of oxygen takes place only from the surface of the organ, has been estimated theoretically and experimentally. It is concluded that an oxygen pressure of 50 ATA or more is necessary to supply the deepest parts of the kidneys with sufficient oxygen. However, the time of ischemia for the deepest parts of the kidneys will be about 10–14 hours when 50 ATA are used. When the oxygen has reached small concentrations in the deepest parts, the outer layers of the kidneys will show high and possible toxic concentrations. Moreover the high oxygen concentrations will be liberated in a gaseous state under decompression and may thus cause further damage to the tissue.
SERUM LIPIDS IN AN AMBULATORY DIABETIC CLIENTELE
Authors: Bergqvist Nils
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Serum lipid values—cholesterol and triglycerides—have been determined in 77 male and 107 female ambulatory diabetics, mainly middle‐aged and elderly and mcst of them in a good or fair diabetic control. Thirty‐five of 184 patients had cholesterol values exceeding 300 mg%. As regards triglycerides 85 had values of more than 150 mg%, and 60 more than 200 mg%. There was no distinct correlation in this material between cholesterol values and age. For triglycerides a certain tendency to positive correlation with age was noticed. No correlation could be found between cholesterol and fasting blood sugar. A slight tendency in that direction was noticed between triglycerides and fasting blood sugar, but of 95 patients with a fasting blood sugar of less than 150 mg% no less than 39 had triglycerides of more than 150 mg%. No definite correlation was found between cholesterol and overweight. For triglycerides a distinct such relation to overweight was obvious. Forty‐four hyperlipemic diabetics were treated with clofibrate (Atromidin) with a mean depression of 46.7 mg% for cholesterol and of 80.8 mg% for triglycerides. Hyperlipemic diabetic patients seem to be high‐risk individuals prone to atherosclerotic complications in which the safe and definitely efficient lipid‐reducing therapy with Atromidin (clofibrate) is reasonable. This lipid‐reducing therapy might be reserved for not too elderly patients, e.g. of less than 60 years of age.
VON WILLEBRAND'S DISEASE IN AN ICELANDIC FAMILY
Authors: Jenssony Ólafur , Wallett Leon H.
Published: August 2010

Abstract.In a family with von Willebrand's disease thirteen members, eight males and five females, had a history of excessive bleeding. These are from a total of 41 individuals in nine pertinent sibships. Severe symptoms of bleeding predominate in the males, two of whom died from haemorrhage. Typical lesions of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia were found in one female who is considered to be a carrier of the von Willebrand's disease gene. There is a reduced expressivity of the mutant gene, amounting to nonpenetrance in at least some of the female members of the family.

The laboratory, clinical and hereditary findings in this family suggest much higher prevalence of the mutant gene than is indicated by clinically affected cases.
EXERCISE LEUKOCYTOSIS WITH AND WITHOUT BETA‐ADRENERGIC BLOCKADE
Authors: Ahlborg Björn , Ahlborg Gunvor
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Exercise leukocytosis during standardized work has been demonstrated in eight male healthy test subjects. Mostly the leukocytosis was due to an increase in segmented neutrophils, to a minor degree an increase in lymphocytes. After propranolol (Inderalr̀) administration exercise results in practically no increase in neutrophil leukocytes or in lymphocytes. Exercise leukocytosis is concluded—at least partly—to be mediated by a beta‐receptor mechanism.
OBSERVATIONS REGARDING THE NATURE OF HOWELL‐JOLLY BODIES
Authors: Söderström Nils , Berg Bertel
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A study of the distribution and morphology of Howell‐Jolly bodies in blood, bone marrow and spleen aspirates from patients with and without functioning spleen led to the conclusion that most bodies so labelled are not intracellular remnants of the normoblast nuclei. They are in most cases situated on the outside of the erythrocyte membrane and to be regarded as degradation products of nuclei, digested by bone marrow phagocytes and released from these cells at a certain stage of degradation. They are normally removed by the spleen; in the absence of the spleen they may remain for some time in circulating blood with a tendency to adhere to red cells.
THE EFFECT OF CALCITONIN INJECTED INTO HYPERCALCAEMIC AND NORMOCALCAEMIC PATIENTS
Authors: Sørensen O. Helmer , Friis Th. , Hindberg I. , Nielsen S. Pors
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Porcine calcitonin has been purified by the method of Tenenhouse et al. followed by gel filtration. Forty‐five MRC units were injected i.m. or i.v. into seven hypercalcaemic and five normocalcaemic patients. Four control subjects received the vehicle for calcitonin.

The serum concentrations and the urinary excretion rates of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, sodium, potassium, and creatinine were measured at short intervals for three days. The hormone was injected on the second day. Complexed and ionized calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and protein in serum were determined. The calcium turnover and bone formation rate were determined by the technique of Heaney and Whedon using 47Ca.

There was a significant hypocalcaemic effect in all patients, most pronounced in the hypercalcaemic group. However, the effect seemed to be better correlated to the bone formation rate than to the degree of hypercalcaemia.

A significant decrease in serum magnesium concentration was observed in the hypercalcaemic group. It was difficult to evaluate the effect on serum phosphate because of large diurnal fluctuations. An increased urinary sodium excretion rate after calcitonin administration was registered.
TREATMENT OF THYROIDITIS
Authors: Heimann Peter
Published: August 2010

Abstract. During the period 1960–1968 207 cases of thyroiditis were observed in the Second Department of Surgery of Sahlgrenska sjukhuset. All patients were continuously followed up. Subacute thyroiditis was seen in 29 cases, and focal thyroiditis together with other thyroid diseases in 20 cases. Of 178 patients with chronic thyroiditis, 47 were primarily operated upon, 130 patients were treated with thyroid hormone, and one patient was not treated. Eleven patients were operated upon later because of unsatisfactory response to the hormone treatment. This paper presents an account of the results of treatment. The principles of treatment of chronic thyroiditis are discussed.
SERUM LIPOPROTEIN PATTERN IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Enger Sven Chr. , Ritland Ståle
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Normal serum lipids (cholesterol < 325 rag/ 100 ml, 8.4 mmol/1, and triglycerides < 150 mg/100 ml, 1.85 mmol/1) were demonstrated during stay in hospital and after three months in 51% of 85 men and 35% of 20 women who survived their first myocardial infarction. The hyperlipoproteinaemia was moderate in most of the others. Hyper‐β‐lipoproteinaemia (type II pattern) was found in 22% and hyper‐pre‐β‐lipoproteinameia (type IV) in 27% of the men. The patients, especially those with type IV, had a lower lipid concentration during the acute phase of the infarction than after three months. Glucose tolerance was examined in the type IV patients and found to be slightly impaired in 68% of the men.
THERAPEUTIC FASTING
Authors: Rooth G. , Carlström S.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Twenty obese patients were studied during total fast or on a diet of about 200 calories. The weight reduction was almost the same during the different periods. It was easier for the patients to eat 100 g lean meat a day than to receive no calories at all. In none of the cases was hunger any problem. Complications in the form of oedema, weakness, hair loss, and in one case polyneuritis were observed during total fast, but never when small amounts of protein were given. Repeated analyses were made of the ketone bodies in blood and urine, breath acetone, plasma free fatty acids, plasma triglycerides, plasma cholesterol, blood lactate, blood glucose, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, serum urate, plasma proteins, and electrolytes in serum and urine.
CATECHOLAMINES AND METABOLISM OF HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE
Authors: Efendić Suad , Östman Jan
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Human omental adipose tissue under basal incubation conditions incorporates glucose‐l‐14C in glycerideglycerol (62%) and glyceride‐fatty acids (38%). Studies either on incorporation of glucose‐l‐14C into lipids or on re‐esterification of FFA show that noradrenaline and adrenaline prominently stimulate the synthesis of triglycerides in human omental tissue in vitro. The stimulation on conversion of glucose‐l‐14C into glyceride‐fatty acid was at least as pronounced as on the incorporation of label into glyceride‐glycerol. The increase in lipogenesis (glucose incorporation into adipose glycerides measured in vitro) was attributed to the enhanced triglyceride breakdown, since other lipolytic agents, isopropylnoradrenaline, dibutyryl‐cAMP, and addition of low concentration of phentolamine to noradrenaline‐containing medium produced similar changes. Furthermore, lipogenesis was diminished when either noradrenaline‐induced lipolysis was inhibited by propranolol or when the effect of other lipolytic agents was suppressed by high concentration of phentolamine. The only lipolytic agent which had no stimulating effect on lipogenesis, and even inhibited this process when added at high concentration, was theophylline. The inhibitory effect of theophylline was not prevented by the addition of different concentrations of 5′AMP, and the mechanism for its effect on lipogenesis remains unknown.
FAT MOBILIZING LIPOLYSIS AND LEVELS OF CYCLIC AMP IN HUMAN AND DOG ADIPOSE TISSUE
Authors: Carlson L. A. , Butcher R. W. , Micheli H.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Intact omental human adipose tissue slices as well as isolated adipocytes from the same source respond in vitro to noradrenaline plus caffeine with increased lipolysis and tissue levels of cyclic AMP. Dog omental adipose tissue also responds in vitro with increased levels of cyclic AMP and stimulation of lipolysis when exposed to caffeine and/or noradrenaline. By contrast, ACTH alone or in combination with caffeine is without effect on cyclic AMP levels or lipolysis in both species. The results suggest that cyclic AMP may be a regulator of lipolysis in human fat and they lend further support to the hypothesis that lipolytic hormones act through increased cyclic AMP levels.