bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Duopoly Game with Green Efficiency Based on Ecological Modernization Theory
Authors: Hu Qihang
Published: August 2023

Since the birth of ecological modernization theory in 1982, the problem of enterprise benefit and environmental protection has entered the field of view of academia and industry. Ecological modernization theory discusses the influence of government policy intervention (subsidy or penalty) on enterprise green innovation and then explains the possibility of enterprise revenue and enterprise green coexistence. Firstly, this paper gives a simple explanation of the theory of ecological modernization and then establishes several simple duopoly game models through multiple hypotheses. Moreover, through comparative static analysis, it discusses the influence of government policies on enterprise carbon emissions and the influence of enterprise carbon emission decisions on enterprise green efficiency. The analysis shows that the governments policy intervention can effectively reduce the carbon emissions of enterprises. Meanwhile, in the same market, a number of carbon emission enterprises will reduce their own carbon emission levels according to the carbon emission situation of oligopolies with carbon emission initiatives.
Social Media Use and Awareness of Privacy Concerns
Authors: Baldwin Lola , Gores Jared , Kilbride JP
Published: August 2023

The usage of social media in our society is prevalent in our daily lives. Although social media usage is at an all time high, the tools and technologies that provide security and protection can be compromised. Users of social media platforms should be made aware of the risks and pitfalls of these applications. Our study identified that users of social media platforms are generally aware of insecurities within the platforms. The researchers determined that the frequency of posting does not cause risks for privacy concerns. Although the users had general awareness and concern, they were heightened after additional information was provided to them in regards to social media security and how personal data is collected and used on social media platforms.
An Analysis on Mental Health in College Sports at a Small Faith-Based Midwest University
Authors: Jordan Terrence , Egland-Young McKinley , Maynor Jr. Kendrick
Published: August 2023

Throughout universities around the world, every day, the mental health of college students is tested. Specifically, collegiate athletes may feel uncomfortable, or uncertain seeking out resources to assess their overall mental health. There are numerous reasons athletes may be either comfortable, or uncomfortable seeking out these resources. Some reasons can include being seen as a sign of weakness, there are no resources for athletes, or they are uncertain about what resources are available to them. The researchers chose to investigate the mental health of two different sports teams at a university. Specifically, the researchers explored these athletes and their mental health state, whether or not they feel comfortable utilizing campus resources, and whether or not they have non-campus provided resources to assess their mental health state. Participants of the study hailed from a small, religious, and faith-based Midwestern university.
A new species of Gemmula, Weinkauff 1875; Evidence of two clades of Philippine species in the genus Gemmula
Authors: Olivera Baldomero , Hillyard David , Watkins Maren
Published: August 2023

A new species of Philippine turrid, Gemmula ambara (the amber gem turrid), is described. The type locality is Balicasag Island, Bohol, Phlippines; the holotype and several paratypes were collected at the type locality using tangle nets at depths of 70-120 fathoms. The species occurs offshore across a number of central Philippines localities; it has also been collected off Panglao Island using tangle nets and off Aliguay Island using small trawls. Gemmula ambara had been mistakenly regarded by collectors and dealers as a small variety of Gemmula diomedea, but a more careful examination of the shell morphology easily separates the two species. A preliminary analysis of the phylogeny of Gemmula ambara using standard molecular markers has revealed that in fact, this species is not closely related to Gemmula diomedea but instead, is more closely related to Gemmula rosario and Gemmula lisajoni. It appears that the species of Gemmula from the Philippines can be divided into two distinct branches, with Gemmula ambara, Gemmula rosario and Gemmula lisajoni comprising one branch, and Gemmula diomedea, Gemmula speciosa, Gemmula kieneri, and Gemmula sogodensis comprising a second branch.
The impact of the Serasi program on increasing production and revenue of swamp pad farmers
Authors: . Nuraeni , . Nurliani , Razak AM Habibi
Published: August 2023

The SERASI (Save Rawa Prosperous Farmers) program is an effort to increase the planting index and productivity through land optimization activities that are integrated with efforts to improve the standard of living of farmers through assistance in developing irrigation systems in swamplands. This study aims to: (1) Describe the implementation of the SERASI Program, (2) Describe the benefits obtained by farmers receiving the SERASI Program. (3) Analyze the differences in production and income before and after receiving the SERASI Program. (4) Analyze the impact of the SERASI Program on the production and income of the recipients of the SERASI Program. The data analysis method used is descriptive analysis, income analysis and statistical analysis of the Wilcoxon difference test. The respondents of this study were farmers receiving the SERASI Program. The research location is in Awang Cenrana Village, Cenrana District, Bone Regency. The results showed that (1) the implementation of the SERASI Program in Awang Cenrana Village, Cenrana District, Bone Regency went well from the planning, construction and evaluation stages. (2) Farmers receive benefits such as construction and repair of irrigation canals, assistance for main water pumps, assistance for production facilities, increased frequency of planting and assistance with assistance. (3) There are differences in the production and income of farmers, where the production and income of farmers increases after receiving the SERASI Program. (4) The very significant difference in production and income illustrates the positive impact of the SERASI Program on rice production and farmers' income.
The Development of RBL-STEM learning materials to improve Student’s Computational Thinking Skills in Solving REDS problems and It’s application on forecasting horizontal farming using ANN
Authors: Munawwarah Muzayyanatun , Indah Kristiana Arika , . Slamin , . Dafik
Published: August 2023

Computational thinking skills involve the process of problem-solving, system design, and understanding human behavior by translating its fundamental concepts into computer science. The indicators of computational thinking include formulation, representation, algorithms, automation, and generalization. To enhance higher-order thinking skills, we implemented RBL-integrated learning with STEM. The developed materials meet the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The validity results for each learning tool are as follows: Face-to-Face Plan, 3.6; Student Worksheets, 3.5; and Learning Outcome Test, 3.6. The observation results indicate excellent implementation of the learning process. Approximately 85% or 17 students successfully completed the course, and the average student activity score meets the criteria for active participation. The students also responded positively to the materials and the learning experience. In the pre-test results, 20% of the students were categorized as high-level, 55% as medium-level, and 25% as low-level. However, in the post-test results, the percentage of high-level students increased to 60%, medium-level decreased to 25%, and low-level decreased to 15%. The paired samples T-test showed that the p-value for the pre-test and post-test is 0.000001485, which is less than 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the average computational skills test scores of the students.
Роль візуалізації проєктів у сучасному дизайні готелів
Authors: Мендела І. Я. , Мендела Є. М.
Published: August 2023

Проаналізовано роль візуалізації проєктів у сучасному дизайні готелів. Розглянуто важливість використання візуалізації для ефективного проєктування інтер’єрів, її вплив на залучення інвесторів та покращення функціональності простору. Відзначено переваги візуалізації, такі як економія коштів, часова ефективність та більш точне відтворення дизайну. Досліджено вплив візуалізації на привернення уваги інвесторів та створення екологічно стійких проєктів готелів. Застосування візуалізації підтверджує її вирішальну роль у створенні унікальних, комфортних та привабливих готелів, сприяючи розвитку та інноваціям у готельній індустрії. Використання візуалізації дозволяє не лише передати характерні елементи кожного стилю, але й протестувати та оцінити реалістичність дизайну за різних умов освітлення, надаючи можливість детального вивчення кольорових схем, форм та текстур. Акцентується увага на тому, що візуалізація впливає на ефективність та економію в процесі реалізації проєктів готелів. Передбачення можливих проблем і недоліків завдяки віртуальному «пробному запуску» дозволяє зменшити ризики та уникнути змін та переробок. Крім того, завдяки швидкому огляду реалістичних візуалізацій, проєктування може відбуватись більш ефективно та затримок можна уникнути.
Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Denitrifying Phototrophic Bacteria from Marine and Aquaculture Wastewater
Authors: Idi Ahmad , Usman Mohammed Maikudi , Ibrahim Zaharah
Published: August 2023

Denitrifying bacteria occur primarily in the soil and play an important role in the nitrogen cycle and wastewater treatment. This study investigated the possibility of isolating denitrifying phototrophic bacteria from marine and aquaculture wastewater. The denitrifying ability of isolates was examined through their utilization of inorganic nitrogen and nitrate reductase test. The photosynthetic capability of the isolates was determined by detecting the photosynthetic pigments (bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoid). Molecular characterization of the isolates was carried out by the amplification of 16S rRNA gene. Forty-five different isolates were obtained and photosynthetic pigments were detected in 12 (8 from marine and 4 from aquaculture). Four of the isolates were found to grow on both inorganic nitrate and nitrite as the sole carbon source. Molecular characterization has shown that the isolates are denitrifying bacteria and the relationship between isolates and other denitrifying bacteria has been established by the construction of the phylogenetic tree. Hence denitrification and denitrifying bacteria can occur in both marine and aquaculture wastewaters.
Reinforcement Learning: Advancements, Limitations, and Real-world Applications
Authors: Srinivasan Avanthikaa
Published: August 2023

This paper aims to review the advancements, limitations, and real-world applications of RL. Additionally, it will explore the future of RL and the challenges that must be addressed to enhance its widespread applicability. By addressing these challenges, RL can be further harnessed to tackle complex real-world problems.
Cloud Computing: A Social Relations Perspective
Authors: Krogh Simon
Published: August 2023

The second half of the 20th century has been characterized by an explosive development in information technology. Processing power, storage capacity and network bandwidth have increased exponentially, resulting in new possibilities and shifting IT paradigms. In step with technological changes, the paradigmatic pendulum has swung between increased centralization on one side and a focus on distributed computing that pushes IT power out to end users on the other. With the introduction of outsourcing and cloud computing, centralization in large data centers is again dominating the IT scene
Information Cartilage: On the Role of Information Architecture in Context-Aware Intelligent Systems Design
Authors: Wendt Thomas
Published: August 2023

This paper is an attempt to understand expanding information spaces from a phenomenological perspective. As technology continues to challenge the online/offline distinction, phenomenology provides a useful framework for thinking about context, the role of situated being, and the need for order. Artificial intelligence and context-aware computing are used as examples of information environments that specifically call out the benefits of understanding information as a bodily entity—as in a “body of information” or “body of knowledge”. Concentrating on a Heideggerian approach to technology, which in part characterizes technology as a call for order and structure, the essay will examine the idea of ‘structured flexibility’ needed for systems that not only process information but also predict needs, shape information contexts, and actively engage in the user-system interaction. Finally, it will provide new ways for information architects to think about the expanding space of information
EVALUATION OF BIOGENIC AMINES IN GOAT AND SHEEP CHEESES OF SLOVAK ORIGIN
Authors: Jakabová Silvia , Árvay Július , Benešová Lucia , Zajác Peter , Čapla Jozef , Čurlej Jozef , Golian Jozef
Published: August 2023

Goat cheese and sheep cheese can offer a range of unique flavors and potential health benefits, making them popular choices among cheese lovers. Both types of cheese contain biogenic amines, which are naturally present in many types of food. The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of the seven most commonly occurring biogenic amines in semi-hard and hard goat and sheep cheeses intended for the Slovak market. The HPLC-DAD method with pre-column derivatization using dansylchloride was employed for the analysis of the hard and semi-hard cheese samples. The presence of biogenic amines was confirmed in all cheese samples, with total levels ranging from 14.4 mg.kg-1 to 1322 mg.kg-1. The most abundant compounds found in the samples were tyramine and tryptamine, followed by 2-phenylethylamine and spermine. Histamine was present in 54.5% of the samples, but its concentration did not exceed 68.7 mg.kg-1. Statistically significant differences in the levels of individual biogenic amines were observed between goat and sheep cheeses, except for spermidine and spermine.
POLY-GAMMA-GLUTAMIC ACID: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF BIOSYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISTICS, AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Al-wahili Mohammed , Al-Manhel Alaa , Al-Ali Rawdah , Altemimi Ammar
Published: August 2023

Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (PGA) is a naturally occurring biopolymer that has been receiving increasing attention in various fields, including the food, medical, and cosmetic industries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of PGA, discussing its biosynthesis, characteristics, and emerging applications. The biosynthesis of PGA is discussed in detail, highlighting the various microorganisms that are capable of producing PGA and the factors that affect its production. The structure and molecular weight of PGA are also described, as well as its solubility and biodegradability. These properties make PGA a highly versatile material that can be utilized in a wide range of applications. The review also provides an in-depth analysis of the emerging applications of PGA. In the food industry, PGA has been used as a natural preservative, a thickener, and a flavor enhancer. In the medical field, PGA has shown promising results as a drug delivery system and a scaffold for tissue engineering. The challenges and future directions for the production and utilization of PGA are also discussed. This review article covers key aspects, including production process optimization, property improvement, and exploration of novel applications for PGA. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals who wish to explore the potential of PGA in diverse applications. The exceptional properties of PGA make it highly appealing, with a broad spectrum of potential uses across multiple industries.
RAW COW MILK QUALITY: PHYSICOCHEMICAL, MICROBIOLOGICAL, AND SEASONAL VARIATION
Authors: Kazeminia Masoud , Mahmoudi Razzagh , Mousavi Shaghayegh , Mehrabi Ali
Published: August 2023

Milk serves as a vital source of essential nutrients in human diets and must be safe for consumption. In the dairy industry, it is crucial to analyze the physicochemical and microbiological properties of raw cow milk (RCM) throughout the year to gather fundamental information, as milk quality significantly influences the final quality of dairy products. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical and microbiological properties of 60 RCM samples collected from 15 primary milk collection centers in Qazvin, Iran, and assess the impact of seasonal variation on these properties. The study discovered that the RCM samples contained >7 Log10 cfu/mL of Staphylococcus aureus, total coliform count, aerobic mesophilic plate count, and mold and yeast in 15%, 30%, 37%, and 28% of the samples, respectively. The results indicated that aerobic mesophilic plate count, mold and yeast, total coliform count, and Staphylococcus aureus were higher in warmer seasons compared to colder seasons. Furthermore, the study revealed that the average pH, freezing point, solid-not-fat, and protein content were higher in warm seasons, while the average acidity, lactose, and fat content were higher in cold seasons. The physicochemical and microbiological properties of RCM in the Qazvin region were found to be below the acceptable quality value. Although seasonal variation throughout the year affected the microbial and physicochemical quality of RCM, the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05), except for the solid-not-fat value in winter (p<0.05).
DETERMINATION Of ANTIOXIDANTS In HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS	By HPLC and X-RAY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD DETECTOR In A SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SYSTEM
Authors: Kuznetsova Elena , Motyleva Svetlana , Brindza Ján , Alhusseini Houssam , Zomiteva Galina , Kuznetsova Elena , Pyanikova Elvira , Kovaleva Anna , Zaikina Maria , Rebezov Maksim , Masalov Vladimir , Evdokimova Oksana , Berezina Natalia , Shariati Mohammad Ali
Published: August 2023

An herbal supplement made with thyme, mint, cilantro, and rowan and viburnum fruit has been used to fortify wheat bread with antioxidants. The antioxidant activity of raw materials and bread was determined by the spectrophotometric method. To determine substances with antioxidant properties, the HPLC method was used. The chromatogram of the alcoholic extract of the herbal supplement showed that the supplement contains organic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins. The HPLC method was used to determine the amount of flavonoids in the supplement and bread. Micrographs of the surface of slices of bread with a phytonutrient were obtained by scanning electron microscopy. The presence of chemical elements with antioxidant properties was determined using an X-ray EMF detector in the scanning electron microscope system. The use of phytonutrients in bread technology has been found to lead to an increase in the quality of the product and its antioxidant activity.
SAFETY ISSUES OF MICROPLASTICS RELEASED FROM FOOD CONTACT MATERIALS
Authors: Čurlej Jozef , Zajác Peter , Čapla Jozef , Hleba Lukas
Published: August 2023

Microplastics released from food contact materials have raised concerns regarding their safety implications for human health. In this way, several studies have shown that microplastics can migrate from food contact materials into beverages and food, leading to human exposure through ingestion. The small size and persistent nature of microplastics make them capable of accumulating in various organs and tissues, potentially causing adverse health effects. Furthermore, the toxicological properties are amplified by their ability to adsorb and transport hazardous chemicals, including additives, endocrine disruptors, and toxic metals. Their health impacts include inflammation, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and disruption of the endocrine system. Carcinogenic effects, reproductive disorders, and developmental abnormalities have also been reported. Moreover, microplastics can act as vectors for microbial pathogens, posing additional health risks. Further research and testing methods are required to understand the sources, distribution, and toxicity of microplastic particles, to improve customers safety issue. Additionally, concerted efforts from stakeholders, including manufacturers, regulators, and consumers are needed, including activities that support the development and adoption of alternative non-toxic, biodegradable, and sustainable packaging materials.
EFFECT OF THE PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ON POTATO CYST NEMATODE GLOBODERA PALLIDA
Authors: HAJJAJI Abdelaziz , RACHED BAHIA , AIT M'HAND RAJAA , RHALLABI Naima , MELLOUKI Fouad
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain Dokkala (OK383444) isolate against cyst nematode Globodera pallida strain Dokkala (MZ959187) as a biocontrol agent on potato cyst nematode. The test was first conducted in vitro with bacterial suspensions at 105, 106, 107 and 108 CFU/mL against 100 eggs, 100 second-stage juveniles (J2), and 10 cysts of G. pallida and then in vivo on potato variety Desiree infested by cyst nematode in the greenhouse. Four plant growing parameters were evaluated in the treated potato plants by P. aeruginosa in the presence of G. pallida; plant height (cm), tuber weight (kg), wet and dry weight (kg) of the aerial part, and root length (cm). The application of P. aeruginosa in vitro reduced the rate of eggs of G. pallida by 42% and juveniles by 56%. However, the percentages of colonized females with bacteria were not significant (8% and 16% after 96 and 240 h, respectively), whereas normal J2 controls hatched at 100% after 48 h. Furthermore, the in vivo treatment showed an enhancement of 650 g in tuber weight and 19.2 cm in plant length compared to untreated G. Pallida infested plants and 33.34% colonized cysts. This research clearly indicates the ability of P. aeruginosa to reduce the density of potato cyst nematodes and has the potential for the biological control of G. pallida.
SHREDDED TUNA FORTIFIED WITH BANANA BLOSSOMS AS AN ANTI-DIABETIC FOOD CANDIDATE: AN INVESTIGATIONAL IN SILICO STUDY
Authors: Hardoko  , Djamaludin Heder , Suprayitno Eddy , Chamidah Anies , Sulistiyati Titik Dwi , Tambunan Jeny Ernawati , Panjaitan Mikchaell Alfanov Pardamean , Puspitasari Yunita Eka , Putri Luh Ayu Hesa Frida Nanda , Uluwwi Mohammad Sholeh , Muhammad Novaldo Yuri , Dharmawangsa Erlangga
Published: August 2023

Fish shredded is nutritious and has a soft texture, less stringy than shredded beef. The compounds in tuna shredded fortified with banana blossoms and their potential as antidiabetic are not yet known. The purpose of this study was to identify phytochemical bioactive compounds in tuna shredded fortified with banana blossoms and to study its potential as an antidiabetic functional food in silico. The 70% fortified tuna shreds were extracted using hexane, followed by ethyl acetate and finally using methanol. The methanol filtrate was evaporated to obtain methanol extract of shredded fish and analyzed using LC-HRMS. Phytochemical compounds were analyzed for antidiabetic potential in silico using Open Babel GUI software version 2.4.1, PyRx 0.8 (The scrips Research Institute), PyMOL™ 1.7.4.5, and Discovery Studio Visualizer (2021). The methanol extract of banana heart fortified tuna fish contained 32 compounds. The results of docking the compounds against the α-glucosidase receptor showed that the compound that had a lower or the same binding affinity with acarbose (-8.00 Kcal/mol) and native ligand (-6.00 Kcal/mol) was flurandrelonide (-9.40 kcal/mol), Quercetin-3β-D-glucoside (-9.30 kcal/mol), sakuranetin (-8.80 kcal/mol), curcumin (-7.70 kcal/mol), ar-turmerone (-7.20 kcal/mol), nootkatone (-7.20 kcal/mol), and ferulic acid (-6.90 kcal/mol). The lower the binding affinity value, the stronger the inhibition of α-glucosidase. Phytochemical compounds in shredded tuna fortified with banana blossoms that may act as antidiabetic agents through in silico α-glucosidase inhibition are flurandrelonide, quercetin-3β-glucosidase, sakuranetin, curcumin, ar-turmerone, and ferulic acid.
FAT OXIDATION, PROTEIN DEGRADATION AND COLOUR OF RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) MEAT DURING 3 MONTHS OF FREEZER STORAGE
Authors: Herc Peter , Čuboň Juraj , Čech Matej , Haščík Peter , Jurčaga Lukáš , Bobko Marek , Bučko Ondřej , Mesárošová Andrea , Kupec Jozef
Published: August 2023

The aim of the work was to analyze the effect of storage in freezing conditions (-18 ° C) during 3 months of storage on the formation of malondialdehyde MDA, TVB-N (total volatile basic nitrogen), and colour. Rainbow trout up to 500 g (RT) aged 1-1.5 years (n=15) and trout (RT1) up to 3.5 kg aged 2-2.5 years (n=15) were included in the experiment. The stated weight of the fish is already after processing. After slaughtering the fish, samples were taken from each fish for analysis of meat colour in the CIE colour space with a KONICA MINOLTA 2600D (L*, a*, b*) on the 1st day after slaughter and after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd month of storage. The content of TVB-N and MDA was measured parallel. For both weight categories of trout, after three months of freezing, we observed significant (RT1- P≤0.05; RT- P≤0.05) increase in TVB-N compared to the first day of measurement. Malondialdehyde content after three months of freezing was significantly (P≤0.05) higher than at the first measurement in both weight categories of rainbow trout. In the RT experimental group, trout meat after three months of freezing was significantly (P≤0.05) lighter (L*) and less yellow (b*). The meat of the RT1 group after 3 months of freezing storage was significantly (P≤0.05) darker , less red and less yellow.
OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF SOYBEAN AND SUNFLOWER OILS ENRICHED WITH PIGMENT EXTRACTS OF THE BROWN SEAWEED PHYLLARIA RENIFORMIS
Authors: GHALIAOUI NORA , Hazzit Mohamed , Seridi Halima , Mokrane Hind
Published: August 2023

The incorporation of bioactive additives such as natural pigments in food products offers many nutritional advantages, associated with functional properties in particular antioxidant effects. The aim of this work was to study the effect of adding natural pigments extracted from the brown seaweed Phyllaria reniformis on the oxidative stability of commercially available soybean and sunflower oils.
Phyllaria reniformis pigment extract (200 and 1000 ppm) was dissolved in the two edible oils, and in comparison, a synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) was added. Experimental results showed that the addition of pigment extract had no significant effect on the quality parameters of vegetable oils: Free acidity (FA) and peroxide value (PV). Carotenoids were improved 2 and 1.5 times when adding 200 ppm of pigment extract to soybean and sunflower oils, respectively.  While, when adding 1000 ppm, carotenoids were improved 3 times in comparison to the virgin oils. Similarly, chlorophylls contents in enriched sunflower oil with 200 or 1000 ppm of pigment extract increased 2 and 3 times in comparison to the control sample, however, in enriched soybean oil, this increase was interestedly higher achieving 10 and 33 times. Moreover, colour coordinates (a*, b* and L*) in enriched oils changed to become greener and yellower. Antioxidant activities were improved compared to the control oils. The addition of pigment extract or BHA to soybean oil increased significantly (p≤0.05) its oxidative stability. Thus, these pigment extracts could be recommended as a potent source of natural antioxidants replacing synthetic ones for the protection of edible oils against oxidation.
AN ITS GENE-MEDIATED MOLECULAR DETECTION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL AGARWOOD FROM Aquilaria malaccensis
Authors: Mazila Ramli Aizi Nor , Sufihana Yusof  , Prakash Bhuyar  , Aimi Wahidah Aminan  , Saiful Nizam Tajuddin
Published: August 2023

The current study examined fungal diversity in manufactured and natural agarwood samples perceived from A. malecensis trees in a plantation and the East Malaysia rainforest. Isolated fungi were also subjected to molecular analysis. The fungal community composition of healthy and damaged tree samples from both plantation and the wild forest was identified using PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from fungal isolates. Meanwhile, ten groups of fungi isolates are expected to be placed in both natural and inoculated based on 1000 bootstrap values. They validated earlier genomic identification; 55 fungal isolates were discovered in artificial and natural agarwood, including agarwood and healthy wood. Ten fungal groupings were developed based on morphological characterization similarities. Based on NCBI BLAST analysis, molecular identification revealed Fusarium solani, Botryosphaeria theobromae, Polyporales spp, Schizophyllum commune, Aspergillus aculeatus, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Fusarium solani excelled in A. aculeatus and Polyporales spp. in agarwood samples and healthy wood. The presence of more fungi species in natural agarwood than in artificial agarwood may be due to the favourable humid and shaded habitat for fungal growth. Nonetheless, synthetic agarwood was able to synthesize agarwood-related chemical compounds. Considering F. solani was often identified in both agarwood, agarwood inoculant may act as a booster for F. solani to begin pathogenicity in artificial agarwood. The current research shows that artificial agarwood may provide quality comparable to natural agarwood and is not influenced by fungus interacting with the tree.
DEVELOPMENT OF ENTEROBACTER CLOACAE IP8 MUTANT STRAIN PRODUCING THERMOSTABLE CELLULASE
Authors: Oyedeji Olaoluwa , Akintola Abayomi Isaac , Onilude Anthony Abiodun
Published: August 2023

Mutagenesis of Enterobacter cloacae IP8 for enhanced cellulase production was carried out using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) treatment. The mutant strain exhibited cellulolytic activity which was 2.18-fold higher than that of the wildtype strain. The optimal conditions for cellulase production were an incubation period of 28 h, a temperature of 45 oC, and pH 7.0, using CMC and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The cellulases from both strains were purified by using ammonium sulfate precipitation, CM Sephadex C-50, and Biogel P-100 column chromatography. The specific activity of the purified cellulase from the mutant strain was 29.47 U/mg while that of wildtype cellulase was 21.5 U/mg. Biochemical characterization of the purified enzyme revealed the optimum pH and temperature of 8.0 and 65 oC, respectively, for the cellulase from the mutant strain, and 7.0 and 60 oC for the wild-type cellulase. The mutant cellulase was thermally stable up to 70 oC retaining 86.5% of its original activity after 180 h. Metal ions Na+ and Ca2+ remarkably enhanced the activity of the cellulase from both strains while Al3+ and the chelating agent, EDTA, strongly inhibited the activity. Mutagenesis of E. cloacae IP8 using combined UV and EMS treatment led to the development of mutant strain with enhanced capacity for the production of cellulase exhibiting novel properties such as thermostability, alkalinity, low Km, and high Vmax values. Therefore, the enzyme from the mutant strain of E. cloacae IP8 has the potential for broad industrial applications.
ANTIMICROBIAL PIGMENT FROM FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM: OPTIMIZING CONDITIONS AND UTILIZING AGRO-INDUSTRIAL RESIDUES
Authors: Dag Tugce , Sahal Gulcan , Seyis Bilkay Isil
Published: August 2023

Fusarium sp. produces various bioactive pigments widely used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and the food industry. This study investigated the antimicrobial effect of the pigment produced from the highest pigment-producing Fusarium sp. strain and determined the optimum growth conditions and agro-industrial residues to obtain maximum pigment production. Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium poae strains were tested in terms of their pigment production levels. Pigment quantification was assessed by a UV–Visible Spectrophotometer at 500 nm. Antimicrobial tests were determined by Disc Diffusion and Well Diffusion Methods. According to our results, the highest amount of pigment-producing strain was F. graminearum (p<0.001) and malt extract broth (MEB) was the optimum growth media (p<0.001). Extracted F. graminearum pigment was antimicrobial against B. cereus and S. aureus with a zone of inhibition diameters of 10.2 and 14.9 mm respectively. Initial pH levels of 8, 150 rpm rotation speed, 30 ºC temperature, and 9 days of incubation under the light condition in MEB media were determined as the optimum growth conditions for the highest reddish pigment production. Moreover, 10-2 times diluted molasses, Turkish feta cheese whey, and Turkish cheddar cheese whey were found as suitable low-cost growth media for reddish pigment production by F. graminearum. Our findings not only represent a pigment that might be used in the food industry as an antimicrobial bio-colorant but also show the potential use of molasses and whey as low-cost growth media for reddish pigment production by F. graminearum.
ISOLATION OF POTENTIAL PROBIONTS FROM BRACKISHWATER ENRICHED WITH HIGH LEVELS OF CARBON SOURCE
Authors: Caipang Christopher Marlowe , Trebol Kathleen Mae , Suharman Indra , Pakingking Rolando Jr. , Deocampo Joel Jr.
Published: August 2023

The majority of shrimp producers utilize probiotics derived from terrestrial sources as part of their aquaculture management. The beneficial effects of terrestrial probiotics on shrimp may be affected due to environmental differences between the cultivated species and the source of the probiotics. To ensure maximum effects on the host, it is essential to use probionts derived from the host or the environment of the cultured organism. Consequently, the objective of this study was to isolate and characterize potential probionts from brackishwater by enriching the water with organic sources containing a high ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C:N). Six 10-li containers were filled with brackishwater from an estuary for a mesocosm experiment. To stimulate bacterial growth, water was enriched with either molasses or brown sugar at a C:N ratio of 15. After twenty days, all heterotrophic bacteria in the enriched water were enumerated. The in vitro antagonistic activities of distinct bacterial colonies against Vibrio harveyi, a crustacean pathogen, were evaluated on fresh Nutrient Agar plates containing 1% sodium chloride. There were 10 bacterial isolates with in vitro antibacterial activity. These bacterial isolates are categorized as belonging to the putative genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Sphingobium, and Rheinheimera. The implications of this study suggest that enriching brackishwater with organic carbon sources at high C:N ratios may increase the likelihood of isolating and developing potential probionts for shrimp aquaculture.
ANTIPATHOGENIC ACTION AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF THE “BORHANI”-ASSOCIATED LACTIC ACID BACTERIUM WEISSELLA CONFUSA LAB-11
Authors: Hossain Tanim Jabid , Nafiz Iqbal Hossain , Ali Ferdausi , Mozumder Halima Akter , Islam Saiful , Rahman Nabila , Ferdouse Jannatul , Khan Md. Sajib
Published: August 2023

Assessment of the beneficial and safety properties of food-associated microbes is inevitable since they engage in direct interactions with their host via the digestive system. In this view, we have studied the pathogen inhibitory activity and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of a newly isolated lactic acid bacterium obtained from the traditional beneficial beverage borhani. 16S rRNA gene based taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis combined with sugar fermentation tests identified the isolate as Weissella confusa; strain LAB-11. Antimicrobial activity of the lactic acid bacterium was examined using its culture supernatant against ten bacterial pathogens by agar diffusion technique. The isolate inhibited species of Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Shigella and Staphylococcus which indicated a broad spectrum of its antimicrobial activity. Further investigation by coincubation assay revealed a prolonged effect of the antibacterial activity against the above pathogens. The inhibitory activity was found highly effective on the fungal pathogen Candida albicans as well. Antibiotic susceptibility assay revealed that the isolate was sensitive to most of the tested antibiotics while resistant against four antibiotics including ciprofloxacin, cloxacillin, ofloxacin, and vancomycin that might be ascribed to intrinsic resistance. The ability to inhibit a wide range of pathogens while itself being relatively safe concerning the transfer of antibiotic resistance suggests that dairy beverages like borhani which carry such beneficial lactic acid bacteria can be of particular benefits to the consumers exerting preventive effects on associated diseases.
Transformation of Arabic Language Learning: Latest Innovations at MTs Negeri 1 Ponorogo to Face 21st Century Challenges
Authors: Ajizah Ratna Utami Nur
Published: August 2023

This research aims to describe the latest innovations in Arabic language learning at MTs Negeri 1 Ponorogo Putri, addressing the challenges of the 21st century. It involves Arabic language teachers, students, and school staff. Qualitative research methods, including classroom observation, interviews, and documentation, were used to collect data. The findings reveal that MTs Negeri 1 Ponorogo has implemented various innovations in Arabic language learning. These include the use of information and communication technologies, such as language learning apps, interactive media, and online platforms. Additionally, a teaching approach emphasizing active speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills in Arabic has been adopted. Both teachers and students have provided positive feedback on the benefits of these innovations. The research has significant implications for Arabic language learning development, not only at MTs Negeri 1 Ponorogo but also in other schools. The implemented innovations can serve as examples in addressing 21st-century challenges, such as enhancing digital literacy, preparing students for cross-cultural communication, and equipping them for academic and professional success.
Using Finite Element Analysis to Determine the Sensitivity of a Triaxial MEMS Accelerometer
Authors: M Pradeep , R Gogul
Published: August 2023

It is necessary to determine the sensitivity of an accelerometer before building it. To determine the sensitivity of an accelerometer, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used by the Ansys software. In this work, coupled field static analysis for a triaxial MEMS accelerometer is used to obtain the sensitivity of an accelerometer.
مکالماتِ نبوی ﷺ اور دعوتی حکمتِ عملی :تحقیقی جائزہ
Conversations of the Prophet ﷺ and Da'wah Strategies: A Research Review
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Hashmi Syed Noor ul Hassan
Published: August 2023

It is a human habit to be distressed by seeing others in pain and distress. The effect of this habit is that despite being in a hurry, seeing someone dying, a person tries his best to save him. In a Da'i, this yearning is present to the fullest extent, which gives all the attraction to save other human beings from hell. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) used to be more anxious to save people from the fire of Hell.
It is important to have some qualities in the Da'i that other people can be impressed by seeing. That's why It has been ordered to adopt the character of the Prophets and the Great Messengers, peace be upon them because the character of the Da'i, his qualities and his unique style have a profound effect on other people. People are more influenced by his dealings, morals, personality and style than the knowledge and preaching of the preacher and this influence compels them to follow the preacher. The more heavenly qualities/attributes will be found in the Da'i, the more effective his da'wah will be.
Like the previous Prophets, the Prophet (peace be upon him) adopted different methods for inviting to the religion. According to the circumstances, he used to adopt every method that would have the maximum effect on the people. At first, he kept the invitation a secret. Then, as soon as he (PBUH) received the order to announce the invitation, he (PBUH) started the series of announcements. In this regard, sometimes he would gather the people of Makkah on Mount Safa and call them to Islam, sometimes he would call the people who had come on Hajj to the religion of Islam and sometimes he would go out of Makkah and try to save the people of different tribes from the fire of hell.
In this regard, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) had conversations with various people through which he invited non-Muslims to the religion of Islam. All these dialogues were not of the same style, but different invitation strategies were used in them. Studying these dialogues is very important for the Da'i in present times. In the present paper, an attempt will be made to describe these methods.
Peran Masyarakat Dalam Rangka Mengatasi Pemanasan Global
Authors: Bunyamin Bunyamin , Kurniasari Febrina Dian , Hady Munirul , Pramanda Heru , Idroes Imransyah
Published: August 2023

Pemanasan global merupakan kejadian yang selalu berulang-ulang di dalam kehidupan manusia, di mana sinar matahari yang masuk ke dalam lapisan bumi, sebahagian diserap oleh bumi dan sebahagian lagi dipantulkan dan terperangkap di dalam bumi. Manusia selaku makhluk hidup di muka bumi berperan dalam menjaga pemanasan global. SMP Negeri 3 Ingin Jaya, Aceh Besar merupakan sekolah yang terletak di belakang toko-toko berlokasi di jalan Bandara Sim, Siron, Kecamatan Ingin Jaya, Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Lokasinya yang sedikit tertutup oleh toko-toko dan kurang adanya pepohonan, maka diperlukan solusi dalam hal mengatasi pemanasan global. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk menciptakan kepedulian guru dan siswa/i dalam mengurangi pemanasan global. Metode yang dilaksanakan adalah penyuluhan kepada guru dan siswa/i. Pengabdian tersebut bermula dari survey ke lapangan, diskusi dengan kepala sekolah, wawancara lisan dengan guru dan siswa/i, serta penyuluhan. Sosulsi yang ditawarkan untuk mengatasi pemanasan global, yaitu: membangun ruang terbuka hijau (dengan luas minimal 30% dari luas keseluruhan tanah), penggunaan energi alternatif, pendidikan ke masyarakat luas, dan beton ramah lingkungan. Hasil akhir dari pengabdian ini yaitu meningkatnya kesadaran dan pemahaman guru dan siswa/i terhadap pemanasan global.
Pengolahan Sampah Organik Rumah Tangga Menjadi Produk Serba Guna (Eco-Enzyme)
Authors: Elviani Elviani , Farida Nurlia , Wilis Ruhalena , Afrina Nyak Yusfa , H A Umar
Published: August 2023

Sampah merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh banyak kota di seluruh dunia.  Penyumbang sampah terbesar adalah limbah rumah tangga (62%) dimana komposisi utama penyusun limbah rumah tangga adalah sisa makanan /limbah pengolahan pangan atau biasa disebut sampah organik (44%).  Paradigma lama pengelolaan sampah sudah saatnya ditinggalkan dan diganti dengan paradigma baru dengan pendekatan yang komprehensif dari hulu sampai ke hilir sehingga menjadi produk yang bisa dikembalikan ke media lingkungan secara aman yaitu cairan eco-enzyme.  Eco-enzyme adalah cairan komplek yang mengandung enzim, asam organik, garam mineral yang dihasilkan melalui fermentasi an aerob sampah buah-buahan dan sayuran dengan penambahan gula dan air. Hasil fermentasi berwarna coklat tua dan berbau asam manis kuat.  Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 3 Ingin Jaya Aceh Besar dengan beberapa tahapan.  Tahapan pertama yaitu observasi dan koordinasi dengan kepala sekolah.  Tahap kedua adalah mempersiapkan materi pelatihan.  Tahap ketiga pelatihan pengolahan sampah organik rumah tangga menjadi produk serba guna (eco-enzyme).  Peserta pelatihan terdiri dari guru, pegawai dan siswa yang berjumlah 47 orang.  Teknologi pengolahan sampah organik yang murah dan mudah diaplikasikan dapat merubah pola pikir dan prilaku peserta terhadap sampah organik menjadi lebih berguna dan hasilnya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk membersihkan lingkungan disekitar sekolah, rumah dan sebagai pupuk untuk tanaman pekarangan.
Peran Bidang Program Pada Dinas Pupr Kabupaten Aceh Barat Dalam Pembangunan Jalan
Authors: Mita Febri Anika
Published: August 2023

Pembangunan jalan di Kabupaten Aceh Barat memerlukan peran pemerintah dalam perencanaan pembangunan jalan yang akan dilakukan dalam daerah,melalui Bidang Program Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Adapun tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sejauh mana peran Bidang Program Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang dalam perencanaan pembangunan jalan di lingkup Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggambarkan obyek yang di teliti. Dari hasil penelitian ini di dapatkan bahwa Bidang Progarm Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang telah melaksanakan perannya dalam pembangunan jalan di lingkup Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu mendapatkanusulan dari masyarakat, diteruskan ke instansi-instansi terkait meliputi Kepala Desa, Camat, dan Bupati, lalu ke Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang yang akan di bahas langsung pada MUSRENBANG (Musyawarah Rencana Pembangunan). Melalui evaluasi dan seleksi hasil Musrenbang sehingga diperoleh bahwasanaya dalam kemajuan suatu wilayah, pembangunan Infrastruktur sangat perlu untuk diperhatikan oleh pemerintah, terlebih utama yaitu jalan, jalan merupakan akses utama yang harus dilaksanakan oleh sebab itu jalan menjadi prioritas dalam program perencanaan pekerjaan.