bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmentally-Friendly Bio-Coagulants: A Cost-Effective Solution for Groundwater Pollution Treatment
Authors: Govindaraj Venkatesan , Manokaran Kalpana , Sathaiya Jegadeesh , Baskar Praveen
Published: May 2023

Groundwater in aquifers is one of the most significant renewable natural resources. It provides drinking water to more than 90% of the rural population. The majority of domestic and industrial garbage is disposed off in open dumping yards. As a result, groundwater becomes contaminated and of poor quality. Many therapy strategies are being used in various regions of the world to address this issue. We investigated the groundwater properties in a section of an industrial city in southern India and treated the contaminated groundwater using natural bio-coagulants in this study. Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit peel), Momordica charantia (Bitter gourd seed), Musa paradisiaca (Banana blossom leaf), and Cynodon dactylon were employed as eco-friendly bio-coagulants (Scutch grass). These coagulants are good at removing turbidity while also keeping the pH of the water stable. Furthermore, these natural coagulants lower BOD, COD, and salt levels. Groundwater can be utilised for home purposes after treatment. Because it is a low-cost and environmentally friendly approach, a vast population can afford it.
Automated videogame mechanics generation with XVGDL
Authors: Jorge Ruiz-Quiñones , Antonio J. Fernández-Leiva
Published: May 2023

The automatic generation of game mechanics is nowadays one of the most complex challenges within procedural content generation (PCG), even being considered by itself as automatic game generation in the literature. Previous works have contributed with research papers related to PCG in general, and, in particular, the generation of game mechanics from a specification written in a game description language (GDL). One primary reference is the Ludii general game system that allows to generate new mechanics for two-player combinatorial (board) games. Ludii manages game specifications written in a GDL that can be directly represented in a tree structure. These structures are then evolved by means of genetic programming (GP), a well-known bio-inspired optimization technique, to produce new game rules. Now, this paper extends the approach centered on 2-player games and proposed in the Ludii general game system to n-player videogames. The paper describes a system to automatically generate videogame mechanics. The starting point is a videogame specification written in the XML-based videogame description language (XVGDL). Similarly to Ludii, this videogame specification can be directly translated to rule tree structures that can be evolved by GP. The viability of this approach is demonstrated by experimentation with practical examples. The experiments show how it is possible to automatically produce and evaluate a number of distinct versions (that differ in their mechanics) of a videogame that was originally specified in XVGDL.
Perfect score function in picture fuzzy set and its applications in decision-making problems
Authors: Jaikumar R.V. , Raman Sundareswaran , Pal Madhumangal
Published: May 2023

The picture fuzzy set (PFS) is a more frequent platform for describing the degree of positive, neutral, and negative membership functions that generalizes the concept of fuzzy sets (FSs) and intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs). Neutrality is a crucial component of PFS, and the score function plays a crucial role in ranking the alternatives in decision-making situations. In the decision-making process, some researchers concentrate on the various aggregation operators’ development while ignoring the development of score functions. This factor causes several errors in the existing score function. If there are two separate picture fuzzy numbers (PFNs), there should be two different scores or accuracy values. Some researchers failed to rank the alternatives when the score and accuracy values for various PFNs were equal. To overcome the shortcomings, we proposed the perfect score function in this paper for ranking PFNs and introduced strong and weak PFSs. The shortcoming of the existing score function in PFNs has been highlighted in this paper. Furthermore, the decision-making approach has been depicted based on the proposed score function, and real-world applications have been shown by ranking the COVID-19 affected regions to demonstrate its efficacy.
Cloud-Graph: A feature interaction graph convolutional network for remote sensing image cloud detection
Authors: Du Xianjun , Wu Hailei
Published: May 2023

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have made significant progress in the field of cloud detection in remote sensing images thanks to their powerful feature representation capabilities. Existing methods typically aggregate low-level features containing details and high-level features containing semantics to make full use of both features to accurately detect cloud regions. However, CNNs are still limited in their ability to reason about the relationships between features, while not being able to model context well. To overcome this problem, this paper designs a novel feature interaction graph convolutional network model that extends the feature fusion process of convolutional neural networks from Euclidean space to non-Euclidean space. The algorithm consists of three main components: remote sensing image feature extraction, feature interaction graph reasoning, and high-resolution feature recovery. The algorithm constructs a feature interaction graph reasoning (FIGR) module to fully interact with low-level and high-level features and then uses a residual graph convolutional network to infer feature higher-order relationships. The network model effectively alleviates the problem of a semantic divide in the feature fusion process, allowing the aggregated features to fuse valuable details and semantic information. The algorithm is designed to better detect clouds with complex cloud layers in remote sensing images with complex cloud shape, size, thickness, and cloud-snow coexistence. Validated on publicly available 38-Cloud and SPARCS datasets and the paper’s own Landsat-8 cloud detection dataset with higher spatial resolution, the proposed method achieves competitive performance under different evaluation metrics. Code is available at https://github.com/HaiLei-Fly/CloudGraph.
A sustainable pollution control fuzzy production inventory model with imperfect and breakable items through Pontryagin Maximum principle
Authors: Hati Santu
Published: May 2023

In present world the major cause of global warming and climate change are emission of carbon and greenhouse gas. Governments and policymakers around the world want to put their best efforts to control the pollution and climate change to save our environment. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions Government and policymakers takes carbon tax policy on carbon emission. Also in real world uncertainty is a pervasive phenomenon. Humans have a significant ability to make logical decisions based on uncertain information. For this purpose, we are developing a pollution control fuzzy production inventory model with imperfect and break-ability items under preservation technology investment and carbon tax policy. In this model, the break-ability rate is dependent on inventory level as the break-ability rate of breakable items depends on the collected stress of inventory stock level. Here the unit production cost is dependent on raw material cost, wear-tear cost and development cost. Carbon emission is controlled by investing in carbon reduction technology and a fraction of product items are imperfect. In this study demand of the product depends on selling price and inventory stock level of product. Finally, this optimal control problem solved by using Pontryagin Maximum principle and the optimal results are illustrated graphically and numerically using MATLAB software. Subsequently, some sensitivity analysis is investigated as the impact of parameters on total profit.
Optimization of laser spiral welding using Response surface methodology and genetic algorithms
Authors: Zhou Bin , Chen Jieshi , Zhang Yang , Yang Shanglei , Lu Hao
Published: May 2023

In the laser spiral welding (LSW) process, the welding parameters have a significant impact on the weld quality. In this paper, experiments were conducted and experimental data were collected on galvanized steel sheets using the LSW process, and mathematical models were developed using response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm (GA) to verify the specific effects of each process parameter on the weld and to perform process optimization. Laser power, welding speed, gap and focal length were selected as the influencing factors, and melt depth, melt width and concave as the output results. In the RSM model we found that the laser power was positively correlated with the weld depth and width, while the welding speed was inversely correlated with the weld depth and width, the gap was positively correlated with the amount of concave, and the focal length had no significant effect on the weld. In the GA model we use a large amount of experimental data for BP neural network training and iterative optimization using a genetic algorithm. Validation experiments were conducted on two models, and the results indicated that the two models had higher accuracy in predicting the welding depth and width compared to predicting the concave. The GA model had an 8% increase in tensile strength and a 25% increase in plasticity of the weld joint obtained from the optimal process compared to the RSM model. The GA model has higher accuracy in optimizing the LSW process.
Three different optimization techniques for solving the fully rough interval multi-level linear programming problem
Authors: Fathy E. , Ammar E. , Helmy M.A.
Published: May 2023

Due to the importance of the multi-level fully rough interval linear programming (MLFRILP) problem to address a wide range of management and optimization challenges in practical applications, such as policymaking, supply chain management, energy management, and so on, few researchers have specifically discussed this point. This paper presents an easy and systematic roadmap of studies of the currently available literature on rough multi-level programming problems and improvements related to group procedures in seven basic categories for future researchers and also introduces the concept of multi-level fully rough interval optimization. We start remodeling the problem into its sixteen crisp linear programming LP problems using the interval method and slice sum method. All crisp LPs can be reduced to four crisp LPs. In addition, three different optimization techniques were used to solve the complex multi-level linear programming issues. A numerical example is also provided to further clarify each strategy. Finally, we have a comparison of the methods used for solving the MLFRILP problem.
Interval type-2 trapezoidal fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making method and its application to the corporate investment selection
Authors: Jin Feifei , Zhu Yajun , Zhang Yixiao , Guo Shuyan , Liu Jinpei , Zhou Ligang
Published: May 2023

Interval type-2 trapezoidal fuzzy (IT2TrF) number is a powerful tool to depict fuzzy information. Information measures methods have received more and more attention in recent years as they play an important role in decision-making theory. A new multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) method supported by IT2TrF information measures is investigated in this paper under the IT2TrF information environment. Firstly, three axiomatic definitions of IT2TrF information measures are introduced, which include information entropy, similarity measure and cross-entropy. Secondly, with the help of the exponential function, we formulate some information measure formulas, which are followed by the proofs that the exponential entropy, exponential similarity measure and exponential cross-entropy fit the three axiomatic definitions. Subsequently, a novel IT2TrF MADM method is designed, in which the IT2TrF exponential entropy and cross-entropy are utilized to generate the attribute weights, the IT2TrF exponential similarity measure is employed to obtain the closeness degree of the ideal solution and derive the most satisfying solution. Lastly, we provide a numerical example of corporate investment to demonstrate the applicability and feasibility of the proposed MADM method. The robustness and merits of the developed MADM method are highlighted by the comparative analysis.
Incremental association rules update algorithm based on the sort compression matrix
Authors: Zhang Qian , Wang Jianguo
Published: May 2023

Association rule algorithm has always been a research hotspot in the field of data mining, in the context of today’s big data era, in order to efficiently obtain association rules and effectively update them, based on the original fast update pruning (FUP) algorithm, an association rule incremental update algorithm (FBSCM) based on sorting compression matrix is proposed to solve the shortcomings of frequent scanning of transaction datasets. Firstly, The algorithm maps the transaction dataset as a Boolean matrix, and changes the storage mode of the matrix(that is, adding two columns and a row vector); Secondly, the matrix is compressed many times during the generation of frequent k-itemset; After that, the items in the matrix are sorted incrementally according to the support degree of the itemset; Finally, the original string comparison operation is replaced by the vector product of each column of the matrix. Experimental results and analysis show that the FBSCM algorithm has higher temporal performance than the traditional FUP algorithm in different incremental dataset sizes, different minimum support thresholds and different feature datasets, especially when the incremental transaction volume is large or the minimum support degree is small.
An extended TOPSIS and entropy measure based on Sugeno integral in Pythagorean fuzzy set setting
Authors: Garg Harish , Ünver Mehmet , Aydoğan Büşra , Olgun Murat
Published: May 2023

As an extension of the concepts of fuzzy set and intuitionistic fuzzy set, the concept of Pythagorean fuzzy set better models some real life problems. Distance, entropy, and similarity measures between Pythagorean fuzzy sets play important roles in decision making. In this paper, we give a new entropy measure for Pythagorean fuzzy sets via the Sugeno integral that uses fuzzy measures to model the interaction between criteria. Moreover, we provide a theoretical approach to construct a similarity measure based on entropies. Combining this theoretical approach with the proposed entropy, we define a distance measure that considers the interaction between criteria. Finally, using the proposed distance measure, we provide an extended Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for multi-criteria decision making and apply the proposed technique to a real life problem from the literature. Finally, a comparative analysis is conducted to compare the results of this paper with those of previous studies in the literature.
Rhetorical visions presented in Donald J. Trump's political speeches and their influence on the social realities of the participants in the January 6th, 2021 Capitol Riot
Authors:   , Hughes Donald Lee, II
Published: May 2023

The January 6, 2021, attempted take-over of the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. is unprecedented in recent history. This was widely covered by media outlets in the United States and the world. Applying Symbolic Convergence Theory research identifies fantasy themes and rhetorical visions presented in four of former U.S. President Donald J. Trump's speeches that were ultimately shared by his supporters who stormed the Capitol Building. The four speeches were broadcast and streamed live via television and Internet platforms. Established media providers archived Trump's speeches and were subsequently used as source material. This thesis reveals how fantasy themes and rhetorical visions chained out from the symbolic realities found in Trump's speeches to rioters and protestors.
An all-consuming conundrum : drivers of seed predation in tallgrass prairies
Authors:   , Parker-Smith Maya Joanna
Published: May 2023

Post-dispersal seed predation is a determinant of seed availability for species establishment, and ultimately, community structure. For example, species with high intrinsic fitness and competitive ability may not remain on a landscape if their seeds are preferentially consumed after dispersal. To determine how seed predation structures seed availability in tallgrass prairies, we used seed cafeterias to quantify seed consumption patterns of small mammals and insects -- two common groups of seeds predators in these systems. We investigated how seasonality, plant species rarity, and plant functional group (legume, grass, or non-legume forb) influenced rates of seed predation. For our study, we offered seeds of nine summer-dispersing species during the summer, and seeds of nine fall-dispersing species during the fall to the seed predators. Within a season, we selected 3 species of legumes, grasses, and forbs that are classified as common, uncommon, or rare in local tallgrass prairie ecosystems. Our findings indicate that small mammals were primarily responsible for seed predation at our sites. Also, seasonality was a major indicator of seed predator activity, with fall seeds being consumed at a higher rate than summer seeds. For the fall species, legumes and forbs were preferred over grasses, and species that were locally uncommon and common were preferred over rare species. The preferential predation of uncommon forb and legume seeds and avoidance of common dominant grass seeds has the potential to reduce overall biodiversity at our sites. This reinforces the need for management strategies that maximize the likelihood of uncommon plant species survival.
Experimental performance characterization of a thermal energy storage system using gallium
Authors:   , Shepherd Ryan Nicholas
Published: May 2023

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 12/1/2023] Experimental study of a noble thermal energy storage (TES) method is performed to provide insight towards the practical implementation of such a method. The method includes the use of gallium as phase change material (PCM) for latent TES, and the alteration of the temperature condition at the interface between the heat transfer fluid (HTF) and PCM in a concentric double-pipe heat exchanger. Gallium, stored in the outer pipe of the heat exchanger, is a low melting-temperature metal and a good candidate for use as PCM due to its thermophysical properties, but its molecular structure and anomalous phase change behavior have delayed its widespread application. Initially expected to provide a uniform temperature condition at the HTF-PCM interface, periodically reversing the direction of HTF flow in the center pipe of the heat exchanger has highlighted the effects of the phenomena associated with gallium, which would have otherwise been unnoticed with fixed unidirectional flow. Analysis of heat transfer rate and total stored energy indicates a bias in the TES performance induced by the gallium. The bias is towards a particular flow direction of HTF, therefore affecting the performance of the TES system and creating inconsistent results. By gaining some understanding of how the bias in the gallium changes during the freezing process, a procedure was developed to achieve repeatable results with the bias, and a parametric study was performed to characterize the melting performance of the TES system with the bias. The effects of HTF inlet velocity, HTF inlet temperature, and flow reciprocation period on the TES performance were analyzed for both unidirectional and reciprocating flow. The TES system performance with unidirectional flow is largely dependent on flow direction, therefore highlighting the advantage of reciprocating flow which provides more consistent results with gallium as PCM.
Obstacles to Fostering Integration of Local and Non-Local Students in Hong Kong Universities amid Political Turmoil and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: WANG Kubert, Tianhang , WONG Man Sang , HASSAN BEYGI BABAK , KWONG THERESA , SO MIKE KA PUI , HUNG Percy HO-TIM
Published: May 2023

The internationalization of higher education has become a key policy within the global higher education sector. Yet a large body of literature suggests that simply having a diverse group of students does not guarantee meaningful intercultural engagement. This paper presents a qualitative study intended to gain a richer understanding of Hong Kong’s higher education environment. In-depth interview data were collected from students of different cultural backgrounds and from academic, non-academic, and managerial staff at three Hong Kong universities. The data collection period covered local political turmoil in Hong Kong as well as the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate that, due to language barriers and potentially opposing political ideologies, all students faced challenges engaging with others who were culturally different from themselves. These findings can facilitate the development of an adaptable cross-institutional framework for meaningful intercultural learning.
АНАЛІЗ НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ У СФЕРІ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я
Authors: ШЕВЧУК Роман
Published: May 2023

Автором досліджено, що на сьогоднішній день в нашій країні формування та реалізація нормативно-правого забезпечення у сфері охорони здоров’я спрямоване на покращення фізичного та емоційного стану населення, надання доступної та якісної медичної допомоги, стимулювання запиту на державні медичні послуги у сфері охорони здоров’я та інше. З’ясовано, що важливим аспектом в частині ефективного функціонування та розвитку системи охорони здоров’я є сучасне, узгоджене, дієве нормативне-правове забезпечення на всіх рівнях публічного управління. Визначено сучасні визначення медичної термінології, яка застосовується в практики ринкових відносин, регламентація прав та обов’язків громадян у сфері охорони здоров’я, економічні та спеціалізовані основи організації охорони здоров’я, забезпечення здорових і безпечних умов життя, форми та способи надання медичної допомоги, забезпечення лікарськими та протезними засобами, охорона здоров’я матері та дитини, медико-санітарне забезпечення санаторно-курортної діяльності і відпочинку, медична експертиза, медична і фармацевтична діяльність, міжнародне співробітництво.
PENETAPAN KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL EKSTRAK ETANOL HERBA RUMPUT BAMBU (Lopatherum gracile Brongn.) DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI VISIBLE
Authors: Yeti Afrida , Yuniarti Rafita
Published: May 2023

Penggunaan tumbuhan herba rumput bambu sebagai ramuan obat sangat berkaitan dengan kandungan kimia yang terdapat dalam tumbuhan tersebut terutama zat aktif biologisnya. Senyawa bioaktif yang terdapat dalam tumbuh-tumbuhan biasanya merupakan senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti steroid, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, terpenoid dan tannin, tanaman yang mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu herba rumput bambu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui senyawa kimia dan nilai flavonoid total ekstrak etanol herba rumput bambu.Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi pengolahan bahan tumbuhan, pembuatan ekstrak etanol, pemeriksaan karakterisasi simplisia, skrining fitokimia dan penetapan kadar flavonoid total ekstrak etanol herba rumput bambu dengan metode spektrofotometri visible. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada ekstrak etanol herba rumput bambu terdapat kandungan golongan senyawa kimia seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin dan steroid/triterpenoid dan hasil penentuan kadar flavonoid total pada ekstrak etanol herba rumput bambu sebesar 223.4188 ± 0.6749 mg QE/g.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT DAUN TEKELAN (Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. King & H. Rob) PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Situngkir Ririn , Mambang D. Elysa Putri
Published: May 2023

Tekelan (Chromolaena odorata (L.)R. King & H. Rob)merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang termasuk famili Asteraceae.Kandungan kimia dari ekstrak etil asetat daun tekelan yaitu alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, steroid/triterpenoid yang diduga dapat menyembuhkan radang atau inflamasi.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji aktivitas antiinflamasi dari ekstrak etil asetat daun tekelan pada tikus putih jantan. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara maserasi. Uji aktivitas penyembuhan radang dari EEADT dilakukan terhadap tikus putih jantan yang diinduksi dengan karagenan 1 % secara intraplantar. Hewan uji digunakan 25 ekor dan dibagi 5 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif (Na.CMC 0,5 %), uji kontrol positif (Natrium diklofenak 25mg/KgBB), EEADT masing-masing dengan dosis 50mg/KgBB,100mg/KgBB, 200mg/KgBB kemudian diukur radang dengan menggunakan alat plestimometer dengan pengamatan adanya penurunan radang dilakukan setiap 60 menit selama 360 menit atau 6 jam. Di hitung persentase penurunan radang diperoleh dilakukan analisis statistik dengan uji ANOVA menggunakan SPSS (Statistical Program Service Solution). Hasil statistik menunjukkan kelompok hewan uji dengan pemberian EEADT pada dosis 50mg/KgBB, 100mg/KgBB, 200mg/KgBB berturut turut sembuh. Hasil ANOVA  menunjukkan (P<0,05) berarti terdapat perbedaan setiap perlakuan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa EEADT mempunyai aktivitas  penyembuhan inflamasi tercepat tejadi pada kelompok hewan uji dosis 200mg/KgBB.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANALGESIK EKSTRAK DAUN SUNGKAI (Peronema canescens Jack.) TERHADAP MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus)
Authors: Meylisa Pratami Br Sinaga  , D. Elysa Putri Mambang  , Minda Sari Lubis  , Rafita Yuniarti
Published: May 2023

Daun sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack.) telah digunakan sebagai obat tradisional dan diketahui mengandung senyawa metabolit yang berfungsi sebagai analgetika. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat kandungan senyawa metabolit yang terkandung dalam daun sungkai serta melihat aktivitas analgesik dari ekstrak daun sungkai serta dosis tebaik untuk meredakan nyeri. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental dengan variabel bebasnya dosis ekstrak daun sungkai dan variabel terikat yaitu jumlah geliat mencit jantan (Mus musculus). Pembuatan ekstrak dilakukan dengan maserasi. Skirining fitokimia dilakukan pada serbuk dan ekstrak daun sungkai. Pengujian aktivitas analgesik diberikan secara oral dalam bentuk suspensi yang diujikan pada mencit jantan. Pemberian perlakuan dibagi dalam lima kelompok, yaitu kontrol negatif dengan CMC 0,5%, kontrol positif dengan metampiron 1%, serta ekstrak etanol daun sungkai dengan dosis 100 mg/kgBB, 200 mg/kgBB dan 300 mg/kgBB kepada mencit putih yang telah diberi penginduksi asam asetat 1%. Pengujian dilakukan dengan melihat respon geliat yang diberikan mencit setiap 5 menit sampai 60 menit, kemudian dihitung persen daya analgesik dan persentase efektivitas analgesik, selanjutnya dilakukan analisis dengan metode one way ANOVA untuk mengetahui dosis terbaik ekstrak daun sungkai sebagai analgesik. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan ekstrak etanol daun sungkai mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder, yaitu flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin dan saponin. Ekstrak etanol daun sungkai juga memiliki aktivitas sebagai analgetika dengan persentase daya analgetik pada dosis 100 mg/kgBB adalah 56,7%, 200 mg/kgBB sebesar 59,6% dan dan 300 mg/kgBB 66,2%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa daun sungkai memiliki aktivitas analgesik dengan dosis terbaik adalah 300 mg/kgBB.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PETAI GAJAH (Parkia speciosa Hassk) di DAERAH KUTACANE, DENGAN METODE DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazil)
Authors: Makhfirah  , Ridwanto  , Fatur Rahman  , Anny Sartika Daulay
Published: May 2023

Antioksidan dapat menghentikan perkembangan reaksi oksidasi dengan mencegah pembentukan radikal bebas. Daun petai mengandung senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid yang kaya antioksidan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan. Ekstrak etanol daun petai gajah, juga untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa dalam daun Petai Gajah. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriftif, ekstrak etanol daun petai gajah diperoleh dengan cara maserasi adapun pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi pengujian kadar air, kadar sari laraut dalam air, kadar sari larut dalam etanol, kadar abu, kadar abu tidak larut asam, pengujian skrining fitokimia dan pengujian aktivitas antioksidan. Hasil karakterisasi serbuk simplisia daun Petai gajah diperoleh kadar air 8%, kadar sari yang larut dalam air 12,0%, kadar sari larut dalam etanol 5,4%, kadar abu total 10,7%, dan kadar abu yang tidak larut asam 1,3%. Hasil skrining fitokimia daun petai gajah mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan steroid. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menunjukan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun petai gajah memiliki nilai IC50 221,9828 µg/ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun petai gajah memiliki antioksidan lemah.
Patient reported outcomes and recruitment rates following the introduction of principled patient information leaflets (PrinciPILs): Protocol for a meta-analysis
Authors: Howick Jeremy , Svobodova Martina , Treweek Shaun , Jacob Nina , Gillies Katie , Bostock Jennifer , Bower Peter , Edwards Adrian , Hood Kerenza
Published: May 2023

Background The way potential benefits and harms of trial interventions are shared within patient information leaflets (PILs) varies widely and may cause unnecessary harms (“nocebo effects”). The aim of this meta-analysis will be to evaluate the influence on recruitment rates and early effects on patient reported adverse events of principled patient information leaflets (PrinciPILs) compared with standard PILs. Methods Eligible studies will include those that report the effects on recruitment and patient reported adverse events of PrinciPILs compared to standard PILs. We will include in this meta-analysis all the standard PILs in studies within trials (SWATs) of PrinciPILs that were developed as part of the Medical Research Council (MRC) funded PrinciPIL project. By publishing this as a living meta-analysis, we will allow the meta-analysis to be updated with future SWATs of PrinciPILs. We will use the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool to evaluate the risk of bias for each outcome. We will report the total number of studies and participants analysed and the characteristics of included studies (including details of intervention, comparators, outcomes). For dichotomous data, we will calculate the risk difference and the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For continuous outcomes we will use weighted mean differences with 95% CIs or standardized mean differences with 95% CIs. We will investigate heterogeneity by visually inspecting the forest plot and by considering the I2 test result. We will assess the certainty warranted for each outcome using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Ethics approval is not applicable since no original data will be collected. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations. Discussion We will discuss the limitations of the meta-analysis including study risk of bias, inconsistency, heterogeneity, and imprecision. A general interpretation of the results and important implications will be provided.
A reforma trabalhista como incentivo ao dumping social
Authors: Souto Bolzan Lucas
Published: May 2023

O artigo trata das alterações advindas da reforma trabalhista (Lei n. 13.467/17) e seus possíveis impactos no fenômeno do dumping social. O problema de pesquisa do artigo é: as alterações no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro advindas da reforma trabalhista (Lei n. 13.467/17) incentivam o dumping social no Brasil? O estudo inicia pela conceituação do dumping social e finaliza com o estudo de alguns aspectos da reforma trabalhista ligados ao problema apresentado, são eles: o acesso à justiça e o benefício da justiça gratuita; os honorários advocatícios e periciais; o acordo extrajudicial (processo de jurisdição voluntária); a correção monetária e os juros; e por fim a aplicação do direito e a limitação do poder jurisprudencial dos tribunais trabalhistas. Dentre as conclusões tem-se que a legislação reformista de fato contribui para o crescimento do fenômeno do dumping social na medida em que apequena a justiça do trabalho e impede o acesso a ela.
A tanatopolítica dos serviços essenciais
Authors: Bender Mateus
Published: May 2023

Durante a pandemia do vírus SARSCoV-2 (COVID-19), no Brasil, muitos trabalhadores que executam as atividades consideradas essenciais, em sua maioria precários, permaneceram expostos ao vírus. Dentro desse grupo de trabalhadores, estão os entregadores via plataformas digitais, que tiveram aumento das jornadas, diminuição da renda e maior exposição ao vírus. A imunização e proteção de alguns indivíduos, portanto, gerou a desproteção de outros. A política sobre a vida transformou-se em tanatopolítica, ou seja, em uma política da morte. Nesse sentido, cabe uma política da vida que garanta o direito à saúde para esses trabalhadores? Com o objetivo de refletir sobre o direito à saúde e avaliar as estratégias e medidas que legitimaram a exposição dos entregadores via plataformas digitais, primeiramente se discute, através da teoria de Roberto Esposito, acerca do paradigma imunitário no contexto pandêmico. Em um segundo momento, avalia-se as políticas adotadas que consideraram algumas atividades essenciais. Posteriormente, analisa-se pesquisas secundárias sobre as condições de trabalho dos entregadores via plataformas digitais. Por fim, alheio ao debate acerca da natureza contratual, debate-se sobre a previsão do direito à saúde dessa categoria de trabalhadores. Conclui-se que o ordenamento jurídico prevê que todo trabalhador, independentemente da natureza jurídica da relação de trabalho que possui com o tomador de serviços, é sujeito de direitos que garantam sua segurança e saúde no trabalho. Desse modo, o Estado e as empresas que se beneficiaram do trabalho alheio deveriam ter adotado medidas para assegurar a proteção à saúde e segurança na execução das atividades.
İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Okuduğunu Anlama Becerileri: Okuma Tutumu Doğrultusunda Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Kızıltaş Yusuf
Published: May 2023

İlkokul öğrencileri okuduğunu anlama konusunda birtakım sorunlar yaşamaktadırlar. Bu sorunların altında çeşitli nedenler bulunmaktadır. İlkokul öğrencilerinin okumaya yönelik tutumları, okuduklarını anlamaları üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerden biridir. İlişkisel tarama modeliyle gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmada ilkokul öğrencilerinin okuduğunu anlama becerileri incelenirken okuma tutumu ile ilişkisi sorgulanmıştır. 2020-2021 öğretim yılında Van ilinde bulunan ilkokul dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinden (147 kız, 126 erkek) basit tesadüfi örneklem yolu ile toplanan araştırma verilerinin analizinde tek yönlü MANOVA, Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada öğrencilerin okula yönelik tutumlarını ölçmek için ‘Okuma Tutumu Ölçeği’; okuduğunu anlama düzeylerini belirlemek için de ‘Okuduğunu Anlama Testi’ kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; kız öğrencilerin okuduğunu anlama düzeyleri ve okuma tutumları daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Okul öncesi eğitim alan öğrencilerin, okul öncesi eğitim almayan öğrencilere göre okuma tutum düzeyleri daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Okuma tutumu ve okuduğunu anlama puanları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki çıkmamıştır.
Ortaokul Matematik Öğretmeni Adaylarının Sayıların Öğretiminde Kullandıkları Gerçek Hayat İlişkilendirmelerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Ünlü Melihan
Published: May 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ortaokul matematik öğretmeni adaylarının sayıların öğretiminde kullandıkları gerçek hayat ilişkilendirmelerinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla, öğretmen adaylarının gerçek hayatla ilişkilendirmeyi nasıl yaptıkları, ilişkilendirme yaparken hangi bağlamları kullandıkları ve gerçek hayatla ilişkilendirme konusunda ne düşündükleri belirlenmiştir.  Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu bir devlet üniversitesinin ilköğretim matematik öğretmenliği programına devam eden öğretmen adaylarından oluşmaktadır. Veriler gerçek hayat ilişkilendirmelerine yönelik Gainsburg’un (2008) kodlar ve içerik analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, öğretmen adayları genel olarak gerçek hayat ilişkilendirmelerinde sözel klasik problemleri ve alışveriş- ticaret bağlamlarını kullanmışlardır. Ayrıca öğretmen adaylarıyla yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda, öğretmen adaylarının sayılar konusunun gerçek hayatla ilişkilendirilerek öğretilmesi gerektiğini düşündükleri belirlenmiştir.
Aarni Emanuel Penttilä 1899–1971
Authors: Suhonen Seppo
Published: May 2023

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Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality: potential clinical and training applications in pediatrics
Authors: Yoo Suyoung , Son Meong Hi
Published: May 2023

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the field of medical training, necessitating innovative approaches to education and practice. During this period, the use of novel technologies like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) has become increasingly vital. These technologies oﬀer the advantage of transcending the limitations of time and space, thus enabling medical professionals to access various personalized programs for both education and service delivery. This shift is particularly relevant in the realm of pediatric medicine, where traditional training and clinical methods face unique challenges.Purpose: The primary aim of this study is to explore the application of VR, AR, and MR technologies in pediatric medical settings, with a focus on both clinical applications and the training of pediatric medical professionals. We aim to comprehensively search and review studies that have utilized these technologies in the treatment of pediatric patients and the education of healthcare providers in this field.Methods: Peer-reviewed articles published in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Scopus from January 1, 2018, to March 1, 2023, were comprehensively searched. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Among the 89 studies, 63 investigated the clinical applications of VR (n=60) or AR (n=3) in pediatric patients, and 25 investigated the applications of VR (n=19), AR (n=5), or MR (n=1) for training medical professionals.Results: A total of 36 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for clinical application (n=31) and medical training (n=5) were retrieved. Among the RCTs, 21 reported significant improvements in clinical applications (n=17) and medical training (n=4).Conclusion: Despite a few limitations in conducting research on innovative technology, such research has rapidly expanded, indicating that an increasing number of researchers are involved in pediatric research using these technologies.
PROSEDUR HUKUM PEMBIMBINGAN KLIEN PEMASYARAKATAN
Authors: Agung Nugroho Muchamad Arif , . Solihah
Published: May 2023

This research makes the general public understand about the legal procedures of mentoring for clients. The problem in this research is what is the legal procedure of mentoring for clients? This research focuses on the legal procedures, so it has advantages over previous research that focus more on the system. This research uses a qualitative approach and focuses on the type of normative legal research. The types of data are statutory regulations, legal books, scientific journals, and the results of interviews and observations. Data collection techniques are documentation, observation, and interviews. In the results and discussion, there is no detailed of the legal procedures of mentoring for clients but there is a Standard Operational Procedure. In the conclution, there are 3 stages of mentoring for clients, namely (a) Initial Stage; (b) Advanced Stage; and (c) Final Stage.

Key Words: Monitoring; Clients, Penitentiary
MENGUKUR IMUNITAS PEJABAT PELAKSANA PERPPU COVID-19 DENGAN ASAS EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW
Authors: Pratama Agung Barok
Published: May 2023

The immunity of officials implementing Perppu 1/2020 is in the public spotlight because it is not following “the principles of the rule of law and” injures the sense of justice in society because there are exceptions to legal “action. The principle of equality before the law” becomes a fundamental basis in viewing the position and position of every citizen. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the extent of impunity in the enforcement process for alleged violations of the law and its implications for the principle of Equality Before The Law. Based on the focus of the study, “the method used in this research is normative legal research and the statutory approach” is the basis for this writing. The paper concludes that Perppu 1/2020 does not necessarily provide absolute immunity to the implementing officials of the Perppu, but is limited (conditional) and the legal process is still carried out so as not to “violate the principles of the rule of law.

Keywords : Immunity, Official, Perppu
‘Brexit put us in the Fridge, Covid in the Freezer’: The Impact of Covid-19 and Brexit on UK Freelance Dance Artists
Authors: Kolb Alexandra , Haitzinger Nicole
Published: May 2023

This article investigates how Covid-19 and Brexit have impacted the practices, finances and wellbeing of UK dance professionals, drawing on first-hand data collected in early 2021 from interviews, questionnaires and a panel discussion. The testimonies of freelance practitioners from different backgrounds, as well as key stakeholders from national institutions and organisations employing or otherwise interacting with freelancers, present bottom-up insights from the scene. Our research project more specifically explored the ramifications of the pandemic and Brexit, and the impact of these crises on the diversity of the UK dance scene (broadly construed). The voices and findings presented are framed by a discussion of the economic and political infrastructure of the so-called ‘creative industries’ in the country, with particular attention to the freelance creative labour model, risk and precarity. The article concludes by proposing a politics of small resistive steps which might help to mitigate these challenges, working from within the dance ecosystem.
Strategic Priorities for the Development of the «Green Economy» in Agricultural Sector in the Conditions of European Integration
Authors: Smolii L. , Dikhtyarenko N.
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted to the consideration of aspects of the implementation of the principles of the «green economy» as an innovative strategic model in the functioning of the agrarian sector of the economy. The research was carried out using a complex approach, analytical-monographic, statistical-economic methods, the method of logical generalization, etc. It has been proven that the conceptualization and practical implementation of the principles of the «green economy» is a priority direction for the development of agricultural production and rural areas in the countries of the European Union and should become so for Ukraine. An assessment of the conditions for the formation of the «green economy» in the agrarian sphere was carried out, and the trends of its development were analyzed. It has been established that realizing the potential of «greening» of the agrarian economy requires overcoming a number of environmental problems: depletion and degradation of agricultural land, water pollution, a significant amount of emissions into the atmosphere, etc. A structural and logical model of the transformation of the agrarian sector of Ukraine’s economy under the conditions of implementation of the European Green Deal was formed, which includes goals, principles, directions, implementation tools and determines the main beneficiaries of the transition to the «green economy» concept. The strategic priorities of the development of the «green economy» in the agrarian sphere have been substantiated, and target orientations for the nearest future have been defined, which cover almost all spheres of the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy. They should include increasing the level of food security, increasing the efficiency of the use of resources, both ecological and economic, reducing energy dependence, increasing the export potential of the industry and the national economy in general. Quantitative indicators of the implementation of the principles of the «green economy» and the European Green Deal regarding implementation in the field of agricultural production have been summarized and systematized. The insufficient level of the existing financial support for the measures envisaged by the proposed strategy was established, and the possible sources of funding for measures to ensure the greening of the agrarian economy were outlined
Histological changes in the rat’s jejunum wall under the conditions of action of common European adder (Vipera berus berus) venom
Authors: Maievskyi O. , Slіeptsova I.
Published: May 2023

The numerous components of the venoms of various animal species cause an extremely wide range of effects and symptoms in the recipient’s body. At the same time, the degree of severity of pathological changes is determined, in general, by the type of animal, the volume and method of toxin administration, as well as the characteristic features of the victim. Changes in the structural and functional parameters of the wall of the jejunum under the influence of viper venom are still poorly understood. Research aimed at identifying new components of snake toxins, determining the degree of their influence on the affected organism and using the obtained data for the production of antidotes, and thereby eliminating economic losses associated with snake bites, should be considered extremely relevant. The purpose of the study is to establish the manifestations of damage to the small intestine under the conditions of the action of the venom of the common European adder (Vipera berus berus). The experiment was conducted on 20 non-linear white male rats. During the study, rats were divided into two groups — control and experimental. Poisoning was modeled by intraperitoneal injection of common European adder venom at an ED50 dose of 1.576 μg/g to the rats of the research group. Histological preparations were examined under a SEO SСAN light microscope, images were processed using a Vision CCD Camera with an available image display system on a computer monitor. It was established that under the conditions of action of common European adder venom, the toxic substances of its venom cause destructive-degenerative changes in the relief and stromal-vascular components of the mucous membrane of the organ in the wall of the jejunum. Thus, increasing the permeability of the walls of vessels of the microcirculatory channel, thinning and complete destruction of the walls of hemocapillaries, together with the cytotoxic effect of the poison on erythrocytes, leads to the formation of multiple, small hemorrhages with hemolysis of erythrocytes.