bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catalytic asymmetric transformations of racemic α-borylmethyl-(E)-crotylboronateviakinetic resolution or enantioconvergent reaction pathways
Authors: Gao Shang , Liu Jiaming , Chen Ming
Published: September 2021

We report herein catalytic asymmetric transformations of racemic α-borylmethyl-(E)-crotylboronate.
Quality of Life and Sleep Among Brazilian Speech-Language Pathology Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: da Silva Kelly , Guedes-Granzotti Raphaela Barroso , Ribeiro Vanessa Veis , Dornelas Rodrigo , Cruz Pablo Jordão Alcântara , César Carla Patrícia Hernandez Alves Ribeiro
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The aim of this study was to identify the factors that are related to the quality of life and sleep of Brazilian speech-language pathology students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method

This study adopted a cross-sectional, descriptive observational design. A total of 161 undergraduate speech-language pathology students participated in this study. The relationship between quality of life and sleep, socioeconomic characteristics, and health problems was examined using correlational analysis. Participant data were collected using an online form, which included questions that assessed their socioeconomic and health characteristics during the pandemic; the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; and the first two questions of the World Health Organization Quality of Life–Brief Version.

Results

There were relationships between sleep dysfunction, a reduction in household income during the pandemic, membership to a risk group, living with at-risk individuals, time spent on the Internet (hours), and the purpose underlying Internet use. Satisfaction with health was related to membership to a risk group. Perceptions of the negative impact of the pandemic on mental health were related to sleep dysfunction and quality of life during the pandemic.

Conclusion

The present findings underscore the need for policies that promote health, prevent diseases, and address mental health problems during times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Supporting Aided Augmentative and Alternative Communication Interventions for Individuals With Complex Communication Needs via Telepractice: A Tutorial
Authors: Simacek Jessica , Wattanawongwan Sanikan , Reichle Joe , Hyppa-Martin Jolene , Pierson Lauren , Dimian Adele F.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

People who experience complex communication needs often benefit from interventions involving augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). However, barriers often prevent people from accessing high-quality AAC interventions. The COVID-19 pandemic likely further disrupted the onset or continuity of intervention. Furthermore, people with complex communication needs are typically at greater risk of experiencing health care disparities in general, particularly when people are culturally and linguistically diverse or reside in rural areas. Telepractice has supported the delivery of AAC interventions as an alternative model to replace or supplement in-person services during the pandemic. Considerations for how telepractice can continue to support intervention delivery to address barriers to access are discussed in this tutorial.

Method

We provide an overview of telepractice applications, guidance, and resources to support practitioners in developing and providing evidence-based AAC interventions via telepractice. We provide functional examples, sample questions, and practice resources (e.g., American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, National Telehealth Consortium). We describe intervention activities, discuss relevant literature, and address practice implications from our own research.

Results

We propose arrangements for initial planning for telepractice by the practitioner providing the intervention or consultation (for ease and clarity, this role is referred to as the “tele-provider”). We also discuss how to support recipients of these services, which likely include the person who communicates using AAC as well as a family member/caregiver or direct support person who is in the same physical location and who facilitates intervention implementation (for ease and clarity, this individual is referred to as the eHelper).

Conclusions

Telepractice has been necessary for many practitioners to provide AAC intervention continuity when in-person services have been unavailable during the pandemic. As this need resolves, telepractice is an important consideration for future innovation in AAC intervention delivery for greater access to supports and services.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16620223
Preliminary Results on Experimental Modelling of an Adsorption Chiller
Authors: Daborer-Prado Nayrana , Resch Alois
Published: September 2021

Adsorption refrigeration, as a renewable cooling method, has received more attention in the last few years. The interest in this technology comes especially from developing and tropical countries, where the demand for cooling increases every year due to economy and population growth. Based on this scenario, this work aims to develop a numerical model of an adsorption chiller driven with solar energy, which can be used to optimize the cooling system operation of the building where the device is situated and compare it with the current cooling methods in use. The numerical study here presented was created using Matlab/Simulink™, it is based on a lumped parameter model that relies on physical properties and represents a cooling system using a pair of silica gel-water in a two-bed chiller. In this study, the authors proposed a simplified version of the system and the numerical model, which aims to reduce the simulation time and provide faster results. Besides the temperatures in the system, which range from 52 °C to 72 °C in the hot cycle and 12 °C to 23 °C in the chilled water cycle, the results also include the variation of water uptake in the two adsorbent beds. In general, the simulated temperature, cooling and heating power and coefficient of performance (COP) are in fair agreement with the literature data, nevertheless, the final results show that improvements still have to be performed.
The “happiness” concept in the Japanese and English cultures: comparative analysis
Authors: Tarasova Larisa Vladimirovna , Kostrova Maria
Published: September 2021

The study aims at examining the concept of “happiness” and its manifestations in Japanese and English. At the same time, there is no task to highlight specific features of the conceptual sphere in Great Britain, the USA and Australia. The main emphasis is placed on the comparative aspect, which also conditioned the use of the comparative method in the article. When describing the semantic field of the “happiness” concept in the Japanese culture, it is important to consider the influence of hieroglyphs borrowed from China, values and ideas about the organization of social life, the role of traditional beliefs, everyday magic and kotodama (the soul of language). Finally, it is worth mentioning the broad synonymous content of the “happiness” conceptual field in the dictionary “Ruigo reikai jiten”. It combines the native Japanese 幸せ shiawase “happiness” and 幸い saiwai with the Sinicisms containing the hieroglyphs 福 fuku and 幸運 ko:un “luck”. At the same time, 運 un “fate, luck” is among the following synonyms: 天命 tenmei (“destined by the sky”), 命運 meiun and others, representing the concept of “fate”. In the course of the study, the authors have emphasized the influence of ethical ideas contained in the axiologeme do:toku 道徳 and the desire for harmony on the Japanese culture. In the English-speaking cultures, this ethical component becomes secondary in comparison with materially expressed success and luck, the principle of preserving one’s own freedom and independence. However, the impact of time (globalization, Internet communication, the dominance of English) gradually led not only to the emergence of Anglicisms in the Japanese culture but also to a change in the content of significant concepts, in particular the concept of “happiness”.
Nostalgia for “Golden Age” in Soviet-era culture
Authors: Aleksandrova Maria Aleksandrovna
Published: September 2021

The prerequisites for the study are the relevant trends in modern humanities that study the “era of nostalgia”, the “demand for the past” in the culture of different regions of the world (Z. Bauman, S. Boym, D. Lowenthal and others), and the interest of the global science in the processes that occur in Russian culture. The “taboo on nostalgia” (S. Boym) should be overcome in the Russian intellectual milieu (the consequence of revising the Soviet sociocultural experience) as a factor that introduces subjectivity into research. The purpose of the study is to identify the prospects for the comprehensive study of the mythologization of the Russian “Golden Age” and the functions of the neomyth in Russian culture of the 20th century; the goal is to define the specific features of the key stages in nostalgic mythmaking (from pre-Soviet to post-Soviet). The initial hypothesis: although different generations have their motives for seeking the ideal in the “Golden” 19th century, each stage can only be interpreted in the context of the single mythmaking process. Research methods are based on the interdisciplinary approach; the authors summarize research data in the field of literature, cultural history, and cultural sociology. The result of the analytical review in the study is the significant elaboration of the notions of the most important nostalgic “plot” of 20th-century Russian culture: 1) over the previous century, the neomyth of the Russian “Golden Age” is actualized almost continuously; 2) the latent stages of the neomyth have been the time of creative individuals’ personal searches, their fruits being later in demand by society; 3) a long cycle of the retrospective search for Russian culture ends with a complete change in the meaning-making social context in the post-Soviet era. In the conclusion, the prospect for scientific discussion is outlined.
Happy employees as a basis for health management
Authors: Zinovieva Irina Yurievna , Lachhein Barbara , Chikov Maxim Borisovich
Published: September 2021

The paper deals with one of the most pressing problems in the field of management, the problem of employee satisfaction with working conditions. The value orientation of modern Russian society has changed significantly, partly under the influence of the axiological dominants of foreign economies, and partly due to the processes of reforms in the Russian society. At the forefront were such categories as success, efficiency, flexibility, stress resistance. However, all these trends do not always have a positive effect on the physical and mental health of employees. The experience of foreign colleagues dealing with occupational physiology can be taken into account in Russian conditions. More and more attention is paid to the problem of preventing premature employee burnout, to the study of the main motivational mechanisms that contribute to improving the quality of work. The study aims to analyze the objective and subjective factors of assessing employee performance in terms of quantitative and qualitative indicators. At the same time, the authors set the following goals: the systematization of the results of the employee survey; identification of the main problems in the workplace; development of mechanisms and methods for maintaining the motivation and health of employees; and, finally, the formation of an optimal image of a modern manager, focused on improving performance indicators and at the same time maintaining a good psychological climate in enterprises (such as government agencies, educational institutions, private companies or small businesses). It is concluded that a happy employee with a certain freedom of action, deserving the confidence of their superiors, is ready to fulfill the assigned tasks even in the face of loss of wages. Internal balance acquires the highest value for a modern employable person, and this must be taken into account when forming the road map for enterprises.
Happiness as a factor of the national security of Russia
Authors: Lukutin Anatoly Anatoljevich , Ustyuzhanin Nikolay Nikolayevich , Semenov Dmitry Vladimirovich
Published: September 2021

Based on the conducted research, the article proposes and substantiates an innovative thesis about the possibility and need to consider and utilize the phenomenon of happiness as an independent factor of strengthening the national security of modern Russia. Such an interpretation is based on the analysis of the influence of other (positive and negative) factors on its development, consideration of the theoretical foundations of the institution of national security and its priorities, and the results of foreign and Russian research on security and happiness indicating not only the contradictions between them but also the deep reasons that unite them in nature. In practice, improving the quality of security in all areas is associated with the mandatory transition of activities ensuring it to the controlled positive development of the entire system and each of its elements and the creation of conditions for the satisfaction of the human need for happiness in any threatening conditions of the internal and external life. Such a perspective is considered in the context of the relevance and peculiarities of the felicitous approach to understanding and achieving the strategic role, goals, and applied objectives of the Russian state in the form of higher education. Meanwhile, education itself is viewed not only as an instrument of state policy but also as an effective area for its modernization synchronized with the demand for human development as a measure of true happiness and the security of society and the state. In this context, special attention is given to students as the subjects and objects of the problems of meeting the need for happiness and security. The article discloses the features of the existing and promising pedagogical conditions and models for the implementation of the felicitous approach allowing graduates to become potential carriers of harmonization of activities of a citizen, society, and state institutions in the interests of national security.
The road to happiness is the way to suffering
Authors: Kindzerskaya Marina Alexandrovna , Marmazova Tatyana Ivanovna , Ruzanov Stanislav Alexandrovich , Kostin Pyotr Alekseevich , Tarasova Ilona Vladislavovna
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the problem of a person’s conscious choice between happiness and suffering. At first glance, happiness and suffering are two different paths, and one should choose which road to take. On the one hand, suffering is an obstacle on the way to oneself, to a happy existence. On the other hand, one chooses suffering and happiness willingly, happiness is proportionate to suffering. One should not forget that existence has no meaning if it brings merely pain and dissatisfaction, so it is very important to strive to be happy. Throughout the entire history of humanity, the problem of happiness and the search for the best way to be released from suffering is a pressing issue. The relevance of the problem is determined by the particular significance of the concepts under study, because every person’s natural desire, regardless of the era and area of residence, is to be happy and free. The concepts of “happiness” and “suffering” are not only philosophical but also sociocultural phenomena that expound the axiological and spiritual and moral aspects of human existence. The study features quotes from thinkers of different ages and cultures that to an extent engaged in interpreting the content of the phenomena of happiness and suffering. The purpose of the study is to expound the sociocultural content of the phenomena of “happiness” and “suffering”, their causes, and the conditions for coexistence. The main methods of the study are the method of systemic analysis, the comparative method, and the typological method. The novelty of the study consists in the fact that the authors examine the phenomena of “happiness” and “suffering” together for the first time. Although the phenomena are an integral part of human activity.
Development of psychological culture as a condition for effective personal self-actualization
Authors: Sorokoumova Galina Veniaminovna , Egorova Tatiana Evgenevna , Kostina Olga Alekseevna , Tikhonina Svetlana Alekseevna , Nikonov Grigorii Aleksandrovich
Published: September 2021

The article examines the problem of personal self-actualization through the lens of psychological culture, approaches to the definition of psychological culture are presented, and the struсture of psychological culture and ways of its development are considered. The article reviews the methods that go beyond the activities of educational institutions: volunteer work, social and psychological training, methods of expressive psychotherapy (art therapy, movement and dance therapy, music therapy, and neuroacoustics – sound therapy), etc. Based on the ecopsychological approach, psychological culture is suggested to be defined as a set of actions to create optimal internal conditions for the development and self-modification of the personality, to cultivate a subject of activity capable of taking action, coordinating its activity with the natural, social, spiritual. and moral (value and meaning) foundations of interaction with the surrounding world and oneself. The article analyses the results of the study of the effect of psychological culture on the development of self-actualization of teachers in refresher courses. At the ascertaining and control stages, the level of self-actualization of teachers in the control and experimental groups was assessed using the Self-Actualization Test (SAT). At the formative stage, teachers of the experimental group participated in a program for the development of psychological culture. The ecopsychological approach with principles developed on its basis and the stage-by-stage nature of the development of new mental functions serves as a basis for constructing the technology for implementing the program for the development of psychological culture in specialists. The reliability of the test results and differences in the mean values are assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The formative program shows the effective influence of psychological culture development on personal self-actualization.
The Relationship between Social Support and Depression in University students: The Meaning in Life as Mediation
Authors: Qing Heyan , Li Shang
Published: September 2021

This study aims to explore the relationship between social support, meaning in life and depression, and further explore the mediating role of meaning in life between social support and depression. This survey of 287 university students were investigated with the short version of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-13), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and the Chinese Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ). The results showed that: (1)The junior is the most serious period of depressive symptoms(11.33±7.019), and also an important turning point; (2) Non-only-child (10.23±6.713) were significantly higher than the only-child (9.02±6.230) about depressive symptoms (p=0.0368); (3)The depression were significantly negatively correlated with social support (r=-0.35, p<0.01) and the meaning in life(r=0.39, p<0.01), but there was a significant negative correlation between the meaning in life and social support (r=0.28, p<0.01); (4) The meaning in life plays a partial mediating role between social supports and depressive symptoms in university students. This research provides theoretical evidence for the prevention and intervention of university students’ depression from two aspects of social support and meaning in life.
Analysis on the Countermeasure of China’s IP Drama Importing to Vietnam under the New Media Environment
Authors: Zhu Zhijing , Zhuang Guicheng
Published: September 2021

With the arrival of the new media era and the continuous development of China’s domestic IP dramas, the downturn in domestic TV dramas has been broken, more and more IP dramas obtain higher audience rating rely on the Internet, and it becomes a phenomenon hot style. Vietnam is geographically adjacent to China, and they have similar cultures. A lot of Vietnamese culture is derived from Chinese culture, and they are heavily influenced by the values and lifestyle of Confucius in the past, Chinese film and television is a literary genre familiar to Vietnamese, which is one of the most important components of daily entertainment. This paper will research on how to use the Internet to strengthen the import of film and television culture to Vietnam, so that Chinese IP dramas can also increase the audience rating in Vietnam and enhance the cultural export.
Loss of Function Variants in the XPC Causes Severe Xeroderma Pigmentosum in Three Large Consanguineous Families
Authors: Nawal Warda , Ullah Asmat , Ullah Ubaid , Farrakh Kanza , Ahmad Farooq , Khan Hammal , Ahmad Gul Saeed , Khan Bushra , Ansar Muhammad , Kalsoom Umm-e- , Ahmad Wasim
Published: September 2021

Background Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare recessively inherited disorder that presents clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Mutations in eight genes, of which seven are involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway have been reported to cause the XP.

Methods and Results Three large consanguineous families of Pakistani origin displaying typical clinical hallmarks of XP were evaluated at clinical and molecular level. Homozygosity mapping using microsatellite markers established linkage of the families to XPC gene on chromosome 3p25.1. Sanger sequencing of the XPC gene identified a novel homozygous single bp deletion [NM_004628.5; c.1934del; p.(Pro645Leufs*5)] and two previously reported mutations that included a nonsense [c.1243 C>T; p.(Arg415*)] and a splice acceptor site (c.2251–1 G>C), all segregating with the disease phenotypes in the families.

Conclusion This report has extended the spectrum of mutations in the XPC gene and will also facilitate in diagnosis of XP and counselling of families inheriting it, which is the only inevitable tool for preventing the disease occurrence in future generations.
Wie wird die Begleitung durch einen Reha-Berater erlebt? Eine
qualitative Studie zur Wahrnehmung des Reha-Beraters der Deutschen
Rentenversicherung Bund bei Personen mit bewilligten Leistungen zur Teilhabe am
Arbeitsleben
Authors: Sternberg Annika , Bethge Matthias
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund und Ziel Personen mit bewilligter Leistung zur Teilhabe am
Arbeitsleben erhalten kurz nach der Bewilligung ein Beratungsgespräch
mit einem Reha-Berater. Ziel der Beratung ist eine an der jeweiligen Krankheits-
und Erwerbsbiografie der Rehabilitanden orientierte Auswahl individuell
passender Leistungen aus dem zur Verfügung stehenden Leistungsspektrum.
Das Erstgespräch hat damit eine wesentliche Bedeutung für den
weiteren Rehabilitationsprozess. Bislang ist kaum untersucht, welche Merkmale
eine aus Sicht von Rehabilitanden gelungene Beratung charakterisieren. Ziel der
qualitativen Studie war es, die Perspektive der Rehabilitanden auf die Beratung
bei Personen mit bewilligten Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben bei der
Deutschen Rentenversicherung Bund zu untersuchen.

Methodik Mit 16 Rehabilitanden wurden telefonische,
leitfadengestützte Interviews geführt. Die Gespräche
wurden aufgezeichnet und transkribiert. Die Daten wurden inhaltsanalytisch
computergestützt mit MAXQDA mittels Technik der induktiven
Kategorienbildung ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Es ließen sich drei wahrgenommene Formen der Begleitung
voneinander abgrenzen: eine unterstützende Begleitung, eine passive
Begleitung und eine hemmende Begleitung. Personen mit erlebter passiver und
hemmender Begleitung berichteten von Verunsicherung und Rückzug im
weiteren Rehabilitationsprozess.

Schlussfolgerungen Es existiert eine individuelle Wahrnehmung der Beratung
und Begleitung durch den Reha-Berater, die sich auf die Einstellung und das
Verhalten der Rehabilitanden im weiteren Verlauf der Leistungen zur Teilhabe am
Arbeitsleben auswirken kann. Die Herausforderung besteht darin,
unterstützende Erfahrungen im zeitlich begrenzten Rahmen der
Erstberatung zu ermöglichen.
Polymorphisms of Vitamin D Receptor and the Effect on Metabolic and
Endocrine Abnormalities in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Vulcan Talida , Filip Gabriela Adriana , Lenghel Lavinia Manuela , Suciu Tudor , Ilut Paula , Procopciuc Lucia Maria
Published: September 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorder
in women of reproductive age. Vitamin D and its receptor are thought to play an
important role in PCOS susceptibility, although the impact of vitamin D receptor
(VDR) polymorphisms on the hormonal and metabolic profile is still
controversial. A literature search in PubMed and Embase was performed up to
September 2020 for case-control studies in women suffering from PCOS, with
outcome related to VDR polymorphisms effect on metabolic/endocrine
disturbances. We have found 16 eligible studies including 2566 women with PCOS
and 2430 controls. ApaI polymorphism seemed to be associated with
hyperandrogenism in both Asian and Caucasian population. FokI variant was
correlated with metabolic/endocrine parameters especially in Asian
population, while a relation between Cdx2 genotypes and insulin sensitivity was
observed in both ethnicities. VDR polymorphisms have an important role in PCOS
development and related hormonal and metabolic abnormalities. Few case-control
studies analysed the interaction between VDR variants and
metabolic/endocrine parameters with the majority of the articles focused
on the Asian region. Further research on various ethnic populations with larger
sample size are still needed for a definitive conclusion, in order to allow
early diagnosis and prevention of PCOS comorbidities.
Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective Sila-acylation and Sila-imination of Allenes Using Esters and Nitriles
Authors: Fujihara Tetsuaki , Suda Katsushi , Matsuda Yuki , Yamaguchi Tatsuya
Published: September 2021

The sila-acylation of allenes is performed in the presence of a copper catalyst using PhMe2Si-B(pin) and esters as the silyl and acyl sources, respectively. β-Silyl-β,γ-unsaturated ketones are obtained regioselectively in good to high yields. The sila-imination of allenes is also achieved using nitriles as electrophiles. Exposure of the reaction mixture to air results in the production of cyclic silyl peroxides.
Lung Volume Head Ratio: A Potential Parameter for Prediction of Respiratory Distress in Newborn
Authors: Afreen Shama , Kumar Manisha , Nangia Shushma
Published: September 2021

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the role of fetal lung biometry profile including fetal lung volume head ratio (LVHR) in predicting the occurrence of respiratory distress (RD) in early preterm newborn.

Study Design Prospective analytical cohort study was done to evaluate the clinical value of fetal sonographic measures, such as the total lung area (TLA), total lung volume (TLV), TLA head ratio (TLHR), LVHR, in pregnant women between 30 to 34 weeks' gestation who were expected to deliver within the next 72 hours. The cases with RD were compared with controls who had normal outcome.

Result A total of 30 (27.4%) out of 110 patients, who underwent early preterm delivery, with RD rest 80 (72.6%) were controls. The TLA was 694.1 ± 373.1 mm2 in cases whereas 1,149.0 ± 506 0.7 mm2 in controls with significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.001). Similarly the lung volume (p < 0.001) and the LVHR were significantly less (p < 0.001) in cases compared with controls. The TLV was a better parameter (sensitivity, 73.7% and specificity, 86.4%) compared with TLA (sensitivity, 68.4% and specificity, 81.5%). Among the lung head ratios, LVHR had the best sensitivity of 95.5%, specificity: 80.3%, positive predictive value (PPV): 58.3%, and negative predictive value (NPV): 97.0% at the cut-off of 46.5.

Conclusion RD was observed in nearly one-third of the preterm infants born between 30 and 34 weeks of gestation and could be predicted accurately in over 9 out of 10 cases using the novel parameter TLVR.

Key Points
Evaluation of the Serrated Lesions Detection Rate and Its Role as a Colonoscopy Quality Criteria
Authors: Clairet Conceição de Maria Aquino Vieira , De Aquino José Luis Braga , Clairet Laurent Martial
Published: September 2021

Objectives To evaluate the serrated lesion detection rate in colonoscopy at a specialized clinic and its role as quality criteria for endoscopic examination.

Methods This is an observational cross-sectional study with all patients that underwent colonoscopy between October 2018 and May 2019, performed by an experimented physician. A questionnaire was answered before the examination by the patient, and another questionnaire after the colonoscopy was answered by the medical team. All polyps identified were removed and sent to the same pathologist for analysis.

Results A total of 1,000 colonoscopies were evaluated. The average age of the patients was 58.9 years old, and most of them were female (60.6%). In 62.5% of the procedures, polyps were removed, obtaining a total of 1,730 polyps, of which 529 were serrated lesions, being 272 sessile serrated lesions (SSL). This data resulted in a serrated lesion detection rate (SDR) of 29.2%, and of 14% when considering only the SSL detection rate (SSLDR). The right colon had higher rates, with 22.3% SDR and 15.3% SSLDR. Screening colonoscopies also presented a higher serrated detection rate, of 20%, followed by diagnostics and follow-up exams. Smoking was the only risk factor associated with higher serrated detection rate.

Conclusions The serrated lesion detection rate is higher than the ones already previously suggested and the have the higher rates were stablished in the right colon and on screening exams.
Potential Prognostic Significance of Patterns of Deletion (13q) in Plasma Cell Myelomas—Reappraisal of a Perennial Bone of Contention
Authors: Bhardwaj Mohit Kumar , Mishra Sourav Kumar , Sharma Shivani , Salona Beklashwar , Mohanty Sambit Kumar
Published: September 2021

Deletion 13q is recommended in the initial cytogenetic workup of myeloma patients. The patterns of this abnormality have been shown to have differential prognostic value. The presence of monosomy 13 is associated with a significantly poor progression-free survival, while interstitial deletion 13q is associated with significant improvement in the overall survival. We analyzed the patterns of 13q abnormalities on fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assay results in myeloma patients. Deletion 13q abnormalities were observed in 38% (55 of 138) of the myeloma patients. Ten (18%) and 44 (80%) patients showed interstitial deletion and terminal deletion, respectively. One had a mosaic of both the patterns. Nine of the ten patients with interstitial deletions were males. For terminal deletion 13q, there appeared to be a slight female predilection, with a male to female ratio of 0.83:1. Half of the patients with deletion 13q had coexistent cytogenetic abnormalities. We suggest a baseline FISH for deletion 13q and specification of the type of abnormality (terminal vs. interstitial) in patients with myeloma. Based on our observation in conjunction with the available literature, further studies in a large cohort of patients with survival data are warranted to clearly delineate the role of deletion 13q in myeloma.
A Retrospective Study of Factors Affecting Pathway and Time to Diagnosis, Time to Treatment in Children with Cancer in a Single Center in South India
Authors: Lashkari Harsha Prasada , Prasada Shobha , Joshi Jayatheerth , Rao Sadashiva
Published: September 2021

Introduction The overall cure rate of childhood cancers is above 79% in the developed world, whereas in the developing world, like in India, it is around 50%. It is vital to know the routes of presentation and factors affecting the presentation of childhood cancers in primary, secondary, and tertiary care to design a better survival strategy in childhood cancer.

Objective The aim of this study was to know the factors affecting the time to diagnosis and time to treatment in children with cancers in a single center in South India.

Materials and Methods It was a retrospective cohort study of children diagnosed with cancer between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2016 at the pediatric oncology unit, KMC Hospital Mangalore, India. The patient interval, time to diagnosis, patient's family, economic background, parental education, and referral pattern were recorded, and its impact on the time taken to diagnosis was studied. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software.

Results Out of 111 children, 72 were boys (64.8%). Fifty-one (46%) children belonged to the less than 5-year age group. The most common cancer was acute lymphoblastic leukemia, diagnosed in 50% (56/111) children, followed by acute myeloid leukemia in 14/111(12.6%), brain tumors in 9 (8.1%), and neuroblastoma in 10 (9%) children. The median patient interval/patient delay was 14 days (1–90 days), referral interval was 14 days (1–150 days), and overall time to diagnosis was 41 days (1–194 days). The first contact was the pediatrician in 86/111 (77.4%). Sixty-four percent (71/111) referral came from a secondary care hospital, and the remaining from the outpatient clinics. There was no difference in sex and patient interval (p = 0.278) and overall time to diagnosis (p = 0.4169), age (p = 0.041), mother’s education (p = 0.034), and type of cancer (p = 0.013) were three critical factors that determined the time to diagnosis.

Conclusion Majority of the children diagnosed with cancer presented via referral from pediatricians. An equal number of them were referred to as routine and emergency patients. Age, mother's education, and type of cancers were the crucial factors associated with the overall time taken to diagnosis.
Cervical Angiomyolipoma Coexisting with Endometrial Carcinoma in the Absence of Tuberous Sclerosis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Muniraj Femela , Divyapriya C , Raghavan Vijayashree , Radha Rajesh Kanna Nandhagopal , Ramanujam Sailatha , Rajakumar Shery Angel
Published: September 2021

Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm composed of variable admixture of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and adipose tissue; most commonly located in kidney, and is usually associated with tuberous sclerosis. Extrarenal AML has been reported in various sites, although infrequently in female genital tract (FGT). AML in cervix is extremely rare and only six cases have been reported so far. A 46-year-old postmenopausal female presented with lower abdominal pain, bleeding for 4 days and a polypoidal mass protruding through the cervical os. Endometrial curettings were suggestive of endometrial adenocarcinoma—endometrioid type (World Health Organization [WHO]). The subsequent hysterectomy specimen confirmed the diagnosis and the histologic grade was International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) grade I and stage was pT1aN0 (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC], 8th edition). Cervical polyp showed AML. CD34 and smooth muscle actin (SMA) showed diffuse positivity in blood vessels and smooth muscle cells, respectively. HMB-45 was negative. This is the first ever reported case of AML coexisting with endometrial carcinoma in the absence of tuberous sclerosis. CD34 is a good marker for delineating the blood vessels and SMA for both the smooth muscle and vascular components. S100 is generally not needed to prove the adipose tissue component. HMB-45 is not consistently expressed in AML of female genital tract.
Adaptação transcultural para o Português do questionário de autorrelato da função sensorial e motora de S4-5 (S4-5Q) em pessoas com lesão medular espinhal
Authors: Romanini Francielle , Lima Thays de Souza , Abou Libak , Ilha Jocemar
Published: September 2021

Objetivo O “Self-report S4-5 Sensory and Motor Function Questionnaire (S4-5Q)” é um breve questionário de avaliação da função dos segmentos sacrais S4 e S5 após uma lesão medular (LM), cuja finalidade é substituir o exame de toque retal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma adaptação transcultural do questionário S4-5Q para a língua portuguesa do Brasil e investigar a confiabilidade teste-reteste desta versão.

Método A tradução e a adaptação transcultural foram realizadas utilizando a metodologia de tradução e retrotradução. Inicialmente, as traduções foram realizadas por três tradutores independentes. Sua síntese foi então submetida a um comitê de especialistas (profissionais de saúde com experiência em LM). Em seguida, a retrotradução para o idioma original foi enviada ao autor original, sendo que a versão final foi concluída após todas as adaptações. Para a confiabilidade teste-reteste, foram recrutados 24 indivíduos com lesão medular espinal (LME) em fase crônica (2 avaliações com intervalo de 7 a 14 dias entre elas). A análise estatística foi realizada no IBM-SPSS (Version 20, SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) com dados pré-tabulados no programa Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, EUA). A confiabilidade foi testada por meio do coeficiente Kappa de Cohen, e a consistência interna foi medida através do α de Cronbach, ambas adotando p < 0,05 como significante.

Resultados Na análise de confiabilidade, os resultados de todas as perguntas apresentaram concordância quase perfeita (Kappa > 0,81) e boa consistência interna (α de Cronbach: 0,65–0,77) entre as perguntas e a classificação final.

Conclusão O questionário S4-5Q adaptado culturalmente é confiável, podendo ser aplicado à população brasileira com LME crônica, com o objetivo de avaliar a função sensorial e motora nos segmentos sacrais S4-S5.
Delay-induced homoclinic bifurcations in modified gradient bistable systems and their relevance to optimization
Authors: Janson Natalia B. , Marsden Christopher J.
Published: September 2021

Nonlinear dynamical systems with time delay are abundant in applications but are notoriously difficult to analyze and predict because delay-induced effects strongly depend on the form of the nonlinearities involved and on the exact way the delay enters the system. We consider a special class of nonlinear systems with delay obtained by taking a gradient dynamical system with a two-well “potential” function and replacing the argument of the right-hand side function with its delayed version. This choice of the system is motivated by the relative ease of its graphical interpretation and by its relevance to a recent approach to use delay in finding the global minimum of a multi-well function. Here, the simplest type of such systems is explored for which we hypothesize and verify the possibility to qualitatively predict the delay-induced effects, such as a chain of homoclinic bifurcations one by one eliminating local attractors and enabling the phase trajectory to spontaneously visit vicinities of all local minima. The key phenomenon here is delay-induced reorganization of manifolds, which cease to serve as barriers between the local minima after homoclinic bifurcations. Despite the general scenario being quite universal in two-well potentials, the homoclinic bifurcation comes in various versions depending on the fine features of the potential. Our results are a pre-requisite for understanding general highly nonlinear multistable systems with delay. They also reveal the mechanisms behind the possible role of delay in optimization.
Current change due to artificial patterning of the number of ferroelectric domain walls and nonvolatile memory characteristics
Authors: Shin Hyun Wook , Son Jong Hwa , Son Jong Yeog
Published: September 2021

Domain walls (DWs) are formed at the boundaries between domains formed in a ferroelectric, and experimental results have been reported on the phenomenon of electrical conductivity in the DW. DW conduction nonvolatile memory applications are possible by forming and removing DWs with the high DW conductivity (DWC). Here, we investigated two-electrode devices and three-electrode DWC nonvolatile devices with current–voltage curves that change according to the number of DWs. When the number of DWs formed in the epitaxial PbTiO3 thin film was changed to 0, 2, and 4, the resistance of DWC was observed to decrease in the two-electrode device. For a three-electrode DWC nonvolatile memory having three electrodes with a structure similar to that of a flash memory structure, the slope of the source-drain current–voltage curve was adjusted by the gate electrode, and showed nonvolatile characteristics that can replace the flash memory.
Combined effects of viscosity and a vertical magnetic field on Rayleigh–Taylor instability
Authors: Sun Y. B. , Gou J. N. , Wang C.
Published: September 2021

The utilization of an external magnetic field greatly enhances the ion temperature and neutron yield from inertial confinement fusion capsule implosions, and viscosity is important in damping the small-scale mixing. In this paper, we present a linear analysis on Rayleigh–Taylor instability in the presence of viscosity and a vertical magnetic field. Unexpectedly, we find that the combined effects may strongly suppress the instability when the ratio S between the viscosity and the magnetic field strength is equal to 0.1, but enhance the instability for sufficiently large S, particularly for perturbations with high wave numbers. Moreover, the growth rate for S = 10 is broadly the same as when the magnetic field is absent, namely, S = 0. Therefore, the suppression or enhancement of the growth rates is greatly dependent on the ratio S. This phenomenon may play an essential role in the dynamics of intracluster gas in astrophysics and the uniformity of the compression target in magnetic inertial fusion. At last, we confirm that the viscosity instead of the electric resistivity plays a more important role to determine the interface motion in relation to inertial confinement fusion.
On bifurcations of Lorenz attractors in the Lyubimov–Zaks model
Authors: Kazakov Alexey
Published: September 2021

We provide numerical evidence for the existence of the Lorenz and the Rovella (contracting Lorenz) attractors in the generalization of the Lorenz model proposed by Lyubimov and Zaks. The Lorenz attractor is robustly chaotic (pseudohyperbolic) in contrast to the Rovella attractor, which is only measure-persistent (it exists for a set of parameter values, which is nowhere dense but has a positive Lebesgue measure). It is well known that in this model, for certain values of parameters, there exists a homoclinic butterfly (a pair of homoclinic loops) to the symmetric saddle equilibrium, which is neutral, i.e., its eigenvalues λ2<λ1<0<γ are such that the saddle index ν=−λ1/γ is equal to ∼1. The birth of the Lorenz attractor at this codimension-two bifurcation is established by means of numerical verification of the Shilnikov criterion. For the birth of the Rovella attractor, we propose a new criterion, which is also verified numerically.
The limits of multiplexing quantum and classical channels: Case study of a 2.5 GHz discrete variable quantum key distribution system
Authors: Grünenfelder Fadri , Sax Rebecka , Boaron Alberto , Zbinden Hugo
Published: September 2021

Network integration of quantum key distribution is crucial for its future widespread deployment due to the high cost of using optical fibers dedicated for the quantum channel only. We studied the performance of a system running a simplified BB84 protocol at 2.5 GHz repetition rate, operating in the original wavelength band, the short O-band, when multiplexed with communication channels in the conventional wavelength band, and the short C-band. Our system could successfully generate secret keys over a single-mode fiber with a length of 95.5 km and with co-propagating classical signals at a launch power of 8.9 dBm. Furthermore, we discuss the performance of an ideal system under the same conditions, showing the limits of what is possible with a discrete variable system in the O-band. We also considered a short and lossy link with 51 km optical fiber resembling a real link in a metropolitan area network. In this scenario, we could exchange a secret key with a launch power up to 16.7 dBm in the classical channels.
Study on the accuracy of photoacoustic spectroscopy system based on multiple linear regression correction algorithm
Authors: Jin Huawei , Luo Ping
Published: September 2021

Photoacoustic spectroscopy technology is an important method to detect the concentration of trace gases, so it is of great significance to improve the detection accuracy of the photoacoustic spectroscopy system (PAS). In this paper, a multiple linear regression algorithm was proposed to correct the accuracy of the PAS based on the high-precision cavity ring-down spectroscopy measurement system. The results showed that the correlation coefficient R2 between the corrected values of the multiple linear regression model and the reference true values was 0.903. It can be seen that the algorithm can effectively improve the detection accuracy of the PAS. A comparative experiment was carried out with the long optical path differential absorption spectroscopy system (LP-DOAS) for measuring the NO2 concentration in an ambient atmosphere. The experimental results showed that the corrected PAS and the LP-DOAS had a good correlation in measuring the NO2 concentration, the slope of linear fitting was 1.012 ± 0.040, and the correlation coefficient was 0.948.
Stiff neural ordinary differential equations
Authors: Kim Suyong , Ji Weiqi , Deng Sili , Ma Yingbo , Rackauckas Christopher
Published: September 2021

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) are a promising approach to learn dynamical models from time-series data in science and engineering applications. This work aims at learning neural ODEs for stiff systems, which are usually raised from chemical kinetic modeling in chemical and biological systems. We first show the challenges of learning neural ODEs in the classical stiff ODE systems of Robertson’s problem and propose techniques to mitigate the challenges associated with scale separations in stiff systems. We then present successful demonstrations in stiff systems of Robertson’s problem and an air pollution problem. The demonstrations show that the usage of deep networks with rectified activations, proper scaling of the network outputs as well as loss functions, and stabilized gradient calculations are the key techniques enabling the learning of stiff neural ODEs. The success of learning stiff neural ODEs opens up possibilities of using neural ODEs in applications with widely varying time-scales, such as chemical dynamics in energy conversion, environmental engineering, and life sciences.
Stand-alone vacuum cell for compact ultracold quantum technologies
Authors: Burrow Oliver S. , Osborn Paul F. , Boughton Edward , Mirando Francesco , Burt David P. , Griffin Paul F. , Arnold Aidan S. , Riis Erling
Published: September 2021

Compact vacuum systems are key enabling components for cold atom technologies, facilitating extremely accurate sensing applications. There has been important progress toward a truly portable compact vacuum system; however, size, weight, and power consumption can be prohibitively large, optical access may be limited, and active pumping is often required. Here, we present a centiliter-scale ceramic vacuum chamber with He-impermeable viewports and an integrated diffractive optic, enabling robust laser cooling with light from a single polarization-maintaining fiber. A cold atom demonstrator based on the vacuum cell delivers 107 laser-cooled 87Rb atoms per second, using minimal electrical power. With continuous Rb gas emission, active pumping yields a 10−7 mbar equilibrium pressure, and passive pumping stabilizes to 3×10−6 mbar with a 17 day time constant. A vacuum cell, with no Rb dispensing and only passive pumping, has currently kept a similar pressure for more than 500 days. The passive-pumping vacuum lifetime is several years, which is estimated from short-term He throughput with many foreseeable improvements. This technology enables wide-ranging mobilization of ultracold quantum metrology.