bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Google Trends in Infodemiology and Infoveillance: Methodology Framework (Preprint)
Authors: Mavragani Amaryllis , Ochoa Gabriela
Published: January 2019

UNSTRUCTURED

Internet data are being increasingly integrated into health informatics research and are becoming a useful tool for exploring human behavior. The most popular tool for examining online behavior is Google Trends, an open tool that provides information on trends and the variations of online interest in selected keywords and topics over time. Online search traffic data from Google have been shown to be useful in analyzing human behavior toward health topics and in predicting disease occurrence and outbreaks. Despite the large number of Google Trends studies during the last decade, the literature on the subject lacks a specific methodology framework. This article aims at providing an overview of the tool and data and at presenting the first methodology framework in using Google Trends in infodemiology and infoveillance, including the main factors that need to be taken into account for a strong methodology base. We provide a step-by-step guide for the methodology that needs to be followed when using Google Trends and the essential aspects required for valid results in this line of research. At first, an overview of the tool and the data are presented, followed by an analysis of the key methodological points for ensuring the validity of the results, which include selecting the appropriate keyword(s), region(s), period, and category. Overall, this article presents and analyzes the key points that need to be considered to achieve a strong methodological basis for using Google Trends data, which is crucial for ensuring the value and validity of the results, as the analysis of online queries is extensively integrated in health research in the big data era.
Analisis Senyawa Minyak Atsiri Fuli Pala Secara GC-MS dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Terhadap Ecschericia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Hidayah Nur ‘Aini , Ansory Hery Muhamad , Putri Prietta Khania Kusuma , Nilawati Anita
Published: January 2019

Telah dilakukan isolasi minyak atsiri dari fuli pala dengan menggunakan metode destilasi air. Analisis kandungan senyawa minyak atsiri fuli pala dilakukan dengan GC-MS. Hasil analisis kandungan senyawa minyak atsiri didapatkan 4 senyawa dominan yaitu α-pinene, sabinene, 2-β-pinen, dan miristisin. Kualitas minyak atsiri fuli pala dilihat dari perbandingan antara minyak hasil isolasi dengan standar SNI. Minyak atsiri fuli pala tidak memenuhi standar SNI dalam hal berat jenis. Namun, mempunyai kandugan miristisin yang relativ tinggi yaitu 30,82 %. Menurut Agusta (2000), minyak atsiri merupakan antibakteri yang baik. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode dilusi dan difusi. Hasil uji dilusi tidak dapat disimpulkan nilai KHM dan KBM. Hasil uji difusi menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri fuli pala dengan konsentrasi 7,50 % dapat menghambat Stapylococus aureus dengan rata-rata diameter zona hambat sebesar 9,25 mm. Sedangkan pada bakteri Ecschericia coli mempunyai rata-rata diameter zona hambat sebesar 7,375 mm.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Sirih Merah (Piper Crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) Dalam Bentuk Sediaan Emulsi dan Mikroemulsi
Authors: Kartika Elsa Putri , Marchaban Marchaban , Sudarsono Sudarsono
Published: January 2019

Minyak Sirih Merah (MSM) diketahui mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antibakteri dan dapat dibuat dengan cara distilasi air dan uap dari daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.). Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk membandingkan aktivitas antibakteri dari MSM apabila diformulasi dalam bentuk sediaan yang berbeda (yaitu emulsi dan mikroemulsi). MSM dalam bentuk emulsi dibuat dengan cara mencampur 0,125 g MSM, 0,875 g paraffin cair, 0,125 g tween-80, 0,375 g span-80 (HLB 7), dan 3,500 g air. MSM dalam bentuk mikroemulsi dibuat dengan mencampur 0,125 g MSM, 0,125 g paraffin cair, 0,625 g tween-80, 0,625 g PEG-400, dan 3,500 g air. Aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 dilakukan dengan menggunakan metoda mikrodilusi dengan 1% w/w konsentrasi menggunakan reader ELISA pada 570 nm. Data kemudian dianalisis untuk membandingkan persentase penghambatan pertumbuhan mikroba. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hambatan bakteri dari MSM dalam bentuk emulsi adalah 17,45±5,9% sedangkan dalam bentuk mikroemulsi 49,58±3,27%. Kesimpulannya adalah aktivitas antibakteri MSM dalam bentuk mikroemulsi lebih baik dari bentuk emulsi.
Prospective Biopsy-Based Study of CKD of Unknown Etiology in Sri Lanka
Authors: Anand Shuchi , Montez-Rath Maria E. , Adasooriya Dinuka , Ratnatunga Neelakanthi , Kambham Neeraja , Wazil Abdool , Wijetunge Sulcohana , Badurdeen Zeid , Ratnayake Charaka , Karunasena Nishamani , Schensul Stephen L. , Valhos Penny , Haider Lalarukh , Bhalla Vivek , Levin Adeera , Wise Paul H. , Chertow Glenn M. , Barry Michele , Fire Andrew Z. , Nanayakkara Nishantha
Published: January 2019

Background and objectives

A kidney disease of unknown cause is common in Sri Lanka’s lowland (dry) region. Detailed clinical characterizations of patients with biopsy-proven disease are limited, and there is no current consensus on criteria for a noninvasive diagnosis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We designed a prospective study in a major Sri Lankan hospital servicing endemic areas to ascertain pathologic and clinical characteristics of and assess risk factors for primary tubulointerstitial kidney disease. We used logistic regression to determine whether common clinical characteristics could be used to predict the presence of primary tubulointerstitial kidney disease on kidney biopsy.

Results

From 600 new patients presenting to a tertiary nephrology clinic over the course of 1 year, 87 underwent kidney biopsy, and 43 (49%) had a biopsy diagnosis of primary tubulointerstitial kidney disease. On detailed biopsy review, 13 (30%) had evidence of moderate to severe active kidney disease, and six (15%) had evidence of moderate to severe chronic tubulointerstitial kidney disease. Patients with tubulointerstitial kidney disease were exclusively born in endemic provinces; 91% spent a majority of their lifespan there. They were more likely men and farmers (risk ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 2.9), and they were more likely to have used tobacco (risk ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 2.3) and well water (risk ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.0). Three clinical characteristics—age, urine dipstick for protein, and serum albumin—could predict likelihood of tubulointerstitial kidney disease on biopsy (model sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 84%). Patients referred for kidney biopsy despite comorbid diabetes or hypertension did not experience lower odds of tubulointerstitial kidney disease.

Conclusions

A primary tubulointerstitial kidney disease occurs commonly in specific regions of Sri Lanka with characteristic environmental and lifestyle exposures.
Procesos de financialización y de-financialización en Europa
Authors: Ferreiro y Carmen Gómez Jesús
Published: January 2019

 

 

 

El artículo realiza un repaso de los efectos adversos derivados de la existencia de los procesos de financialización. La existencia de estos efectos negativos plantea la necesidad de un proceso de de-financialización, reduciendo el tamaño excesivo de las finanzas, en especial en aquellas en las que el tamaño de las finanzas es excesivo. El estudio de los balances financieros de los países miembros de la Unión Europea desde el año 2008 muestra, sin embargo, que este proceso de de-financialización no se ha producido en la inmensa mayoría de países europeos, planteando así dudas sobre la posibilidad de un crecimiento económico sostenido y sobre un posible estallido a corto y medio plazo de una nueva crisis financiera sistémica.

 

 
What do volunteers want from citizen science technologies? A systematic literature review and best practice guidelines
Authors: Skarlatidou Artemis , Hamilton Alexandra , Vitos Michalis , Haklay Muki
Published: January 2019

Although hundreds of citizen science applications exist, there is lack of detailed analysis of volunteers' needs and requirements, common usability mistakes and the kinds of user experiences that citizen science applications generate. Due to the limited number of studies that reflect on these issues, it is not always possible to develop interactions that are beneficial and enjoyable. In this paper we perform a systematic literature review to identify relevant articles which discuss user issues in environmental digital citizen science and we develop a set of design guidelines, which we evaluate using cooperative evaluation. The proposed research can assist scientists and practitioners with the design and development of easy to use citizen science applications and sets the basis to inform future Human-Computer Interaction research in the context of citizen science.
The role of digital user feedback in a user-centred development process in citizen science
Authors: Sturm Ulrike , Tscholl Martin
Published: January 2019

In citizen science, user-centred development is often emphasised for its potential to involve participants in the development of technology. We describe the development process of the mobile app “Naturblick” as an example of a user-centred design in citizen science and discuss digital user feedback with regard to the users' involvement. We have identified three types of digital user feedback using qualitative content analysis: general user feedback, contributory user feedback and co-creational user feedback. The results indicate that digital user feedback can link UCD techniques with more participatory design approaches.
Everyone counts? Design considerations in online citizen science
Authors: Spiers Helen , Swanson Alexandra , Fortson Lucy , Simmons Brooke , Trouille Laura , Blickhan Samantha , Lintott Chris
Published: January 2019

Effective classification of large datasets is a ubiquitous challenge across multiple knowledge domains. One solution gaining in popularity is to perform distributed data analysis via online citizen science platforms, such as the Zooniverse. The resulting growth in project numbers is increasing the need to improve understanding of the volunteer experience; as the sustainability of citizen science is dependent on our ability to design for engagement and usability. Here, we examine volunteer interaction with 63 projects, representing the most comprehensive collection of online citizen science project data gathered to date. Together, this analysis demonstrates how subtle project design changes can influence many facets of volunteer interaction, including when and how much volunteers interact, and, importantly, who participates. Our findings highlight the tension between designing for social good and broad community engagement, versus optimizing for scientific and analytical efficiency.
Prevalencia, posibles asociaciones y característidas de niños entre los 2 y 4 años de edad con desórdenes gastrointestinales funcionales de Cali, Colombia
Authors: Buitrago-Escobar Jorge Luis , Velasco-Benitez Carlos Alberto , Villamarín-Betancourt Eder Antonio
Published: January 2019

Introducción: los estudios en desórdenes gastrointestinales funcionales (DGF) de preescolares son escasos.Objetivo: describir la prevalencia, posibles asociaciones y características en preescolares con DGF de consulta externa privada y hospitalaria de Cali, Colombia.Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo tipo prevalencia en niños entre los 2 y 4 años de edad. Los padres y/o tutores respondieron los Criterios de Roma III en español. Se tuvieron en cuenta variables sociodemográficas, familiares y clínicas. El análisis estadístico incluyó medidas de tendencia central, t-student a dos colas, chi cuadrado (χ2) y prueba exacta de Fisher; análisis uni y multivariados, cálculo de Odds ratio (OR) e intervalo de confianza (IC) 95 %, siendo una p <0,05 estadísticamente significativa.Resultados: se incluyeron 188 niños (3,4 ± 0,7 años, 51,6 % de sexo masculino, 63,3 % de consulta privada). Hubo una prevalencia del 39,9 %, 36,2 %, 2,7 % y 1,1 % para DGF, estreñimiento funcional (EF), diarrea funcional (DF) y síndrome de vómito cíclico (SVC), respectivamente. Los principales síntomas fueron para EF, heces 2 o menos veces por semana y dolor al defecar. Hubo predominio cuando tenían padres separados/divorciados.Conclusión: La prevalencia de DGF fue alta, siendo la principal causa el EF y su posible factor de riesgo, tener padres separados/divorciados.
Experiencia con videocápsula endoscópica en el estudio y diagnóstico de enfermedades del intestino delgado en un hospital de alta complejidad en Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Mosquera-Klinger Gabriel Alonso , Camargo Trillos Joselyn , Gómez Ramirez Luz Adriana , Bustamante Duque Melissa , Carvajal Gutierrez Jhon Jaime
Published: January 2019

Introducción: el intestino delgado (ID) es un órgano difícil de estudiar debido a su gran tamaño y ubicación anatómica; los estudios endoscópicos convencionales (esofagogastroduodenoscopia y colonoscopia) no logran evaluarlo en su totalidad y la enteroscopia con balón es más invasiva, con mayores efectos adversos y tasas de complicaciones. La videocápsula endoscópica (VCE) es una tecnología mínimamente invasiva que permite visualizar de forma dinámica y completa la mucosa del ID; es el método directo más seguro y con menos tasas de complicaciones.Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, para describir la experiencia clínica en la utilización de la VCE en un hospital de alta complejidad en Medellín, Colombia; asimismo, determinar las indicaciones, síntomas más comunes y hallazgos anormales.Resultados: se realizaron 374 VCE en el período de estudio: 282 ambulatorias (75,4 %) y 92 hospitalizados (24,6 %). En ambos grupos la indicación más frecuente fue sangrado digestivo oscuro (38,65 % y 53,26 %, respectivamente), seguidos por anemia crónica en el 27,65 % de ambulatorios y por enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) en 21,74 % de los hospitalizados. Los hallazgos anormales fueron más frecuentes en el yeyuno y las lesiones más comunes fueron angiodisplasias y lesiones inflamatorias.Conclusiones: en las indicaciones más frecuentes (sangrado digestivo oscuro y anemia) se documentaron potenciales fuentes de sangrado en más del 70 % de los casos; siendo las lesiones vasculares e inflamatorias los hallazgos más comunes. En seguimiento o evaluación de EII se documentaron en más del 50 % lesiones inflamatorias. La VCE es muy segura, no se presentó ninguna complicación relacionada con la VCE.
A Primer for Information Technology General Control Considerations on a Private and Permissioned Blockchain Audit
Authors: Sheldon Mark D.
Published: January 2019

Blockchain is a disruptive technology that offers advantages to the audit profession such as transparency into all transactions, an immutable ledger, and the potential for real-time auditing. However, to realize these benefits, the profession must be prepared to gain comfort over blockchains as a component of organizations' information technology infrastructure. This paper considers risks to private and permissioned blockchains through the lens of information technology general controls (ITGCs) as part of an audit of internal control over financial reporting. I discuss new ITGC areas of focus for auditors to consider, along with areas of risk that blockchain could eliminate. To help readers better understand this emerging topic, I provide illustrations, a summary table of key points, and a glossary of blockchain-related terms used throughout the paper. This paper should be viewed as a primer of ITGC considerations on blockchain audits, as more nuanced concerns will emerge as the technology evolves.
Bromodomain and Extra Terminal Protein Inhibitors Promote Pancreatic Endocrine Cell Fate
Authors: Huijbregts Lukas , Petersen Maja Borup Kjær , Berthault Claire , Hansson Mattias , Aiello Virginie , Rachdi Latif , Grapin-Botton Anne , Honore Christian , Scharfmann Raphael
Published: January 2019

Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins are epigenetic readers that interact with acetylated lysines of histone tails. Recent studies have demonstrated their role in cancer progression because they recruit key components of the transcriptional machinery to modulate gene expression. However, their role during embryonic development of the pancreas has never been studied. Using mouse embryonic pancreatic explants and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), we show that BET protein inhibition with I-BET151 or JQ1 enhances the number of neurogenin3 (NEUROG3) endocrine progenitors. In mouse explants, BET protein inhibition further led to increased expression of β-cell markers but in the meantime, strongly downregulated Ins1 expression. Similarly, although acinar markers, such as Cpa1 and CelA, were upregulated, Amy expression was repressed. In hiPSCs, BET inhibitors strongly repressed C-peptide and glucagon during endocrine differentiation. Explants and hiPSCs were then pulsed with BET inhibitors to increase NEUROG3 expression and further chased without inhibitors. Endocrine development was enhanced in explants with higher expression of insulin and maturation markers, such as UCN3 and MAFA. In hiPSCs, the outcome was different because C-peptide expression remained lower than in controls, but ghrelin expression was increased. Altogether, by using two independent models of pancreatic development, we show that BET proteins regulate multiple aspects of pancreatic development.
A História da Matemática como prática com alunos do 1ª série do Ensino Médio
Authors: Dos Santos Machado Diana , Santos Pollyana Dos , Gualandi Jorge Henrique
Published: January 2019

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso que abordou a temática: o uso da história da matemática em sala de aula e teve como sujeitos de pesquisa professores e alunos da rede estadual de ensino do município de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim/ES. O objetivo que orienta essa pesquisa é investigar como a história da matemática pode contribuir para a compreensão dos conteúdos escolares de razão, proporção e equação polinomial do 2º grau. Os instrumentos utilizados para coleta de dados foram questionários contendo questões abertas e fechadas aplicados a docentes e discentes e oficinas realizadas com vinte e cinco (25) estudantes. Os referenciais que orientaram essa pesquisa foram Garnica e Souza (2012), Roque (2012), Fiorentini e Lorenzato (2007). Podemos destacar como resultados: a aprendizagem de novas possibilidades de resolução de equações do 2º grau; o entendimento de que a matemática é uma ciência que se modificou durante o tempo com a história da humanidade, buscando novos métodos para se resolver determinados problemas, de acordo com a necessidade de cada época.
Literary Heritage and European Identity
Authors: Hanenberg Peter
Published: January 2019

Thomas Morus' Utopia, Luís de Camões' The Lusiads or Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's Nathan the Wise belong to the European canon – but are mostly read within their national linguistic contexts. It is necessary to recognize how much they have built a common European identity referring to concepts like critical thinking, the relation with extra-European cultures or tolerance. The module will suggest transnational readings of the literary heritage in its function as agent of promoting and translating European humanism.
ATUALIDADE DA PEDAGOGIA DO OPRIMIDO: CONSTRUINDO ESPERANÇA E MOBILIZANDO LUTAS EMANCIPATÓRIAS
Authors: Hammes Lúcio Jorge , Zitkoski Jaime José , Bombassaro Luiz Carlos
Published: January 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo identificar as repercussões da Pedagogia do Oprimido para a academia e para os movimentos sociais, contribuindo com a formação humana e social numa perspectiva crítica. Discute a atualidade do pensamento freiriano buscando compreender a sua força para mobilizar a esperança e organizar projetos e práticas que concretizam o ideário da Pedagogia do Oprimido nas lutas da emancipação de grupos e pessoas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que utilizou a abordagem da pesquisa documental e bibliográfica tendo por base o contexto da produção da obra freireana. Além disso, analisa as repercussões da Pedagogia do Oprimido para o contexto sociocultural contemporâneo. Os resultados apontam para a atualidade da obra, constituindo-se em base importante para os estudos universitários e para os movimentos sociais, contribuindo para a formação política e as lutas de libertação. Por isso, é uma das principais obras que vem sendo indicada como referência mundial na área da educação e das ciências humanas.
EDUCAÇÃO, AÇÃO CULTURAL E CONSCIENTIZAÇÃO: DOUTRINAÇÃO OU DESVELAMENTO?
Authors: Pimentel Amancio Leandro Correa , Xerez Antônia Solange Pinheiro
Published: January 2019

Pretende-se, neste estudo, pensar dialeticamente as categorias; educação, cultura e conscientização a partir das contribuições de Freire e Gramsci. Para tal, parte-se de uma crítica antiga, todavia, mais do que nunca necessária aos dias atuais. Trata-se do discurso ideológico da neutralidade na educação. Levantes (políticos) reacionários, como o Escola sem partido, demonstram a necessidade de manter viva a discussão. O percurso textual traz a premissa de que, uma vez que não existe neutralidade, e a sociedade seja lugar de disputa, a escola, por sua vez, também o é. Diante disso, coloca-se a necessidade de que professores e professoras – militando por sua formação, para além do estritamente didático-instrumental –; afinados com os interesses da classe trabalhadora-oprimida, com sua conscientização, compreendam o processo educacional em suas múltiplas dimensões dentre as quais destacam-se: (i) a científica, técnica e instrumental e a; (ii) social-crítica. Ou seja, faz-se necessário oferecer, rigorosamente o ensino dos conteúdos historicamente sistematizados pela humanidade na mesma medida em que sua análise deva ser feita partindo da realidade atual, concreta que se mostra efervescente na sala de aula e não pode ser ignorada. Isto é, faz-se preciso sistematizar o trabalho educacional de modo que suas partes indicotomizáveis sejam cada vez mais (e intencionalmente) solidárias entre si. Dessa forma, o ensino de conteúdos históricos (passados e atuais, locais e globais) e a análise da realidade concreta por meio da ferramenta adquirida (o conhecimento dos conteúdos) colocam-se como, dentre outros, para além da escola, instrumentos de formação de consciência crítica.
Peran Pesantren dalam Membentuk Karakter Santri
Authors: Kahar Syadidul , Barus Muhammad Irsan , Wijaya Candra
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to find out the role of the Darusaa'dah Islamic Boarding School in the Pangkalan Susu District of Langkat in the Form of Santri Character The approach used is case study. The object of this research is religious Islamic education institutions. Data sources are people who are directly and indirectly involved with pesantren. To collect these data, the author uses several techniques in data collection, namely documentation, observation and interviews. Data analysis in research uses interpretive patterns that aim to achieve a correct understanding of facts, data and symptoms. In this study researchers focused on two curricula, namely the pesantren curriculum and the general education curriculum. used in the Darusa'dah Islamic Boarding School which is related to character formation. The Darusaa'dah Islamic Boarding School curriculum accommodates students who focus on learning two curricula, namely the pesantren curriculum and the general education curriculum. The pesantren curriculum material taught is sourced from the yellow book which includes; religious laws, monotheism, morals and Arabic. The education curriculum of the Darusaa'dah Islamic Boarding School is focused on the teaching of the Koran, hadith and the books written by the previous ulama. Educational material is presented based on class. The pesantren curriculum and general education curriculum are taught in the Darusaa'dah Islamic Boarding School, as well as forming the character of the santri.
Factors involved in the development of pituitary and hypothalamus: a short review
Authors: Borowiec Blanka , Popis Małgorzata , Jankowski Maurycy
Published: January 2019

A large amount of complex hormone associated processes occurring continuously in the human organism is necessary to maintain homeostasis in response to various internal and external conditions. In the same time, as the hormones use the bloodstream as their transmission medium, it is essential that their expression is strictly controlled to maintain their activity only when it is required. Because of that, the endocrine system evolved complex, self-regulating machinery that allows for precise signalling to the glands to initiate hormone expression, as well as equally quick negative feedback in the moment of reaching the optimal blood hormone concentration. The pituitary gland serves as the true endocrine part of that system, expressing a range of hormones that mostly serve as regulators of sub-systems serving different functions, scattered around organisms. The hypothalamus is the neuroendocrine part of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, meaning it integrates the neuronal and hormonal signals, effectively linking the nervous and endocrine systems. The processes of hypothalamus and pituitary development share some significant similarities, which is unsurprising considering their close association and anatomical proximity at the base of the brain. Arising in highly overlapping developmental timeframes, they are both initially patterned by the gradients of extrinsic signalling molecules. After the initial lineage commitment, in both of those structures, intrinsic factors expressed by the distinct cell populations sustain the morphogenesis to result in a final complexly patterned structure. In this short review, the processes of the pituitary and hypothalamus development are described, with the most important factors driving them discussed.
Ontology groups representing angiogenesis and blood vessels development are highly up-regulated during porcine oviductal epithelial cells long-term real-time proliferation – a primary cell culture approach
Authors: Nawrocki Mariusz J. , Celichowski Piotr , Jankowski Maurycy , Kranc Wiesława , Bryja Artur , Borys-Wójcik Sylwia , Jeseta Michal , Antosik Paweł , Bukowska Dorota , Bruska Małgorzata , Zabel Maciej , Nowicki Michał , Kempisty Bartosz
Published: January 2019

The morphological and biochemical modification of oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) belongs to the group of compound processes responsible for proper oocyte transport and successful fertilization. The cellular interactions between cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) are crucial for this unique mechanism. In the present study we have analyzed angiogenesis and blood vessel development processes at transcript levels. By employing microarrays, four ontological groups associated with these mechanisms have been described. Differentially expressed genes belonging to the “angiogenesis”, “blood circulation”, “blood vessel development” and “blood vessel morphogenesis” GO BP terms were investigated as a potential markers for the creation of new blood vessels in cells under in vitro primary culture conditions.
Optimizing Sampling Parameters of CMM Data Acquisition for Machining Error Correction of Freeform Surfaces
Authors: Poniatowska Małgorzata
Published: January 2019

An optimization study using the design of experiment technique is described, in which the surface profile height of a freeform surface, determined in coordinate measurements, is the response variable. The control factors are coordinate sampling parameters, i.e. the sampling grid size and the measuring tip diameter. As a result of the research, an optimal combination of these parameters was found for surface mapping with acceptable measurement uncertainty. The presented study is the first stage of optimization of machining error correction for the freeform surface and was intended to take into account mechanical-geometric filtration of surface irregularities caused by these geometrical parameters. The tests were carried out on a freeform workpiece milled with specific machining parameters, Ra of the surface roughness was 1.62 μm. The search for the optimal combination of parameters was conducted using Statistica software.
Estimation of Flow Rate Through Analysis of Pipe Vibration
Authors: Venkata Santhosh K. , Navada Bhagya R.
Published: January 2019

In this paper, implementation of soft sensing technique for measurement of fluid flow rate is reported. The objective of the paper is to design an estimator to physically measure the flow in pipe by analysing the vibration on the walls of the pipe. Commonly used head type flow meter causes obstruction to the flow and measurement would depend on the placement of these sensors. In the proposed technique vibration sensor is bonded on the pipe of liquid flow. It is observed that vibration in the pipe varies with the control action of stem. Single axis accelerometer is used to acquire vibration signal from pipe, signal is passed from the sensor to the system for processing. Basic techniques like filtering, amplification, and Fourier transform are used to process the signal. The obtained transform is trained using neural network algorithm to estimate the fluid flow rate. Artificial neural network is designed using back propagation with artificial bee colony algorithm. Designed estimator after being incorporated in practical setup is subjected to test and the result obtained shows successful estimation of flow rate with the root mean square percentage error of 0.667.
An Interface Crack with Mixed Electro-Magnetic Conditions at it Faces in a Piezoelectric / Piezomagnetic Bimaterial under Anti-Plane Mechanical and In-Plane Electric Loadings
Authors: Onopriienko Oleg , Loboda Volodymyr , Sheveleva Alla , Lapusta Yuri
Published: January 2019

An interface crack between two semi-infinite piezoelectric/piezomagnetic spaces under out-of-plane mechanical load and in-plane electrical and magnetic fields parallel to the crack faces is considered. Some part of the crack faces is assumed to be electrically conductive and having uniform distribution of magnetic potential whilst the remaining part of the crack faces is electrically and magnetically permeable. The mechanical, electrical, and magnetic factors are presented via functions which are analytic in the whole plane except the crack region. Due to these representations the combined Dirichlet-Riemann and Hilbert boundary value problems are formulated and solved in rather simple analytical form for any relation between conductive and permeable zone lengths. Resulting from this solution the analytical expressions for stress, electric and magnetic fields as well as for the crack faces displacement jump are presented. The singularities of the obtained solution at the crack tips and at the separation point of the mention zones are investigated and the formulas for the corresponding intensity factors are presented. The influence of external electric and magnetic fields upon the mechanic, electric and magnetic quantities at the crack region are illustrated in graph and table forms.
Giftedness as a Possible Risk of Bullying
Authors: Škrabánková Jana , Martínková Martina
Published: January 2019

Introduction:
The paper deals with a possible level of risk in cerebrally gifted pupils in relation to bullying at lower secondary schools and grammar schools. In terms of personality characteristics, gifted pupils form a very diverse group, but some research suggests that they might be a risky group concerning school bullying. In the Czech Republic, the most of cerebrally gifted pupils attend ordinary primary schools or grammar schools and they are in daily contact with other pupils. Due to ambiguous research results, there is a question if it is really possible to think of certain risks in the case of cerebrally gifted pupils in relation to their school environment. Quantitative research tried to answer these questions.

Methods:
The research was focused on the perception of selected areas in the class social environment by the diagnosed cerebrally gifted pupils, the undiagnosed gifted ones and the ordinary pupil population. A quantitative research strategy for bullying incidence mapping in primary and grammar schools were determined. As a research tool, a questionnaire was chosen. Gathered data from the initial questionnaire were evaluated by the following methods: dispersion analysis (ANOVA) for data spread by Gauss curve, Kruskal-Wallis test for data with non-Gauss distribution, arithmetic mean, Pearson Chi-Square Test, correlation analysis and contingency tables.

Results:
There are differences among the class climate in ordinary classes and the classes with diagnosed cerebrally gifted pupils and undiagnosed pupils. The comparison was at the level of schools, it means among primary schools and grammar schools. It was found out that the cerebrally gifted respondents repeatedly met some form of bullying.

Discussion:
On the basis of the findings, the authors assumed that cerebrally gifted pupils (GP) represent a risky group in social interaction with their peers and are more prone to different symptoms of bullying. This has not been statistically confirmed. The overall score was similar in other groups.

Limitation:
The views of teachers and the views of some psychologists suggest that within the GP group, there is a special group of GP that is not identifiable by traditional questionnaires. For further research, it is worthwhile to consider opting for such research methods that could reveal those pupils.

Conclusions:
Based on these results, it is possible to support those authors who consider GP as a specific group with their own problems, different values and perceptions, but similar to their peers.
Process Optimization for Dietary Fiber Production from Cassava Pulp Using Acid Treatment
Authors: Pramana Yanuar Sigit , Sunarti Titi Candra , Purwoko
Published: January 2019

Cassava pulp, the side product of tapioca industry consists of starch and fiber as the major component. Acid treatment was employed in the conversion process of cassava pulp into dietary fiber to remove the starch component, to increase fiber content, and to modify the structure of fiber. This study purposed to obtain optimum process conditions (acid concentration, temperature, and reaction time) in the production of dietary fiber from cassava pulp. Process optimization was conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for maximizing Total Dietary Fiber (TDF), Water Holding Capacity (WHC) and Oil Holding Capacity (OHC) as the responses. The optimum process was gained at 6% H2SO4 concentration, 127°C, and 45 mins. Prediction values of TDF, WHC, and OHC were 100%, 10.47 g/g, and 3.60 g/g, respectively. Validation was carried out and resulted in TDF 96.95%, WHC 10.47 g/g, and OHC 3.55 g/g. Physicochemical properties of the resulting dietary fiber were significantly improved. The fiber structure has modified which characterized by the changes in morphology and crystallinity.
Effects of Stachyose on Synbiotic Yogurt Obtained from Goat Milk with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei
Authors: Shu Guowei , Tian Mengqi , Cao Binyun , Wang Changfeng , Xin Ni
Published: January 2019

Development of synbiotic yogurt having multiple health benefits has become a new trend. The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimum stachyose concentration of the goat yogurt fermented by probiotics including Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) or Lactobacillus casei (LC) besides Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus by measuring pH, acidity, viable counts and the change of stachyose content. The optimal stachyose concentration of goat LA-yogurt and goat LC-yogurt were 0.4% and 0.8%. Under the above concentrations, the total bacteria number and the viable counts of LA were 2.02×109cfu/mL, 3×107cfu/mL, respectively; the total bacteria number and the viable counts of LC were 2.55×109cfu/mL, 2.53×108cfu/mL, respectively. The results indicate that stachyose can effectively improve the vitality and the viable counts of strains in goat yogurt.
Improving Fermentation of Steamed Stalk to Feed Using Candida utilis and Pachysolen tannophilus
Authors: Chen He , Mei Sha , Dai Chunji , He Yunxia , Yu Jianjun
Published: January 2019

In order to improve the protein content of straw feed and reduce the amount of nutrients added, in this paper, the cell wall structure of corn stalk was destroyed by thermophilic digestion and the polysaccharide was degraded into monosaccharide by complex enzyme, and then transformed into bacterial protein by double strain Candida utilis 1807 and Pachysolen tannophilus 1771 fermentation. Single factor experiments and orthogonal test were made to obtain the best process for the feed of double-bacteria synchronous fermentation of stalks. The optimum amount of each nutrient and the inoculation amounts of double bacteria (accounts for the percentage of the original dry straw quality): ammonium sulfate 6.79%, urea 2.72%, yeast powder 1.63%, magnesium sulfate 0.27%, Candida utilis 54.31% and Pachysolen tannophilus 54.31%; The operational parameters of fermentation process were: fermentation temperature 29°C, rotate speed 100 r/min and fermentation time 55 hours. The yield of stalk feed and crude protein was 82.04%, 23.33%, respectively. The crude protein content of stalk feed was 28.44%, which was 4.33 times of original dry stalk. The results showed that the multi-strain distribution and degradation of protein production provide important significance for corn straw bio-utilization.
Impact of Polyelectrolytes on the Effectiveness of Treatment of Groundwater with Increased Natural Organic Matter Content
Authors: Krupińska Izabela
Published: January 2019

The article discusses effectiveness of treatment of groundwater with increased natural organic matter content with the use of organic polyelectrolytes. The effects of water treatments were determined by the ionic character of the polyelectrolyte and its dose. Due to the amount of removed general ferric and coloured matters a greater usefulness of anionic and non-ionic polyelectrolytes was shown, while due to decreased turbidity and TOC, cationic flocculants proved more useful. Using the Praestol 2540 semi-anionic polyelectrolyte as the substance aiding the coagulation process decreased the effectiveness of groundwater treatment, especially in terms of the removal of iron and organic substances when using the PIX-112 coagulating agent.
Ranges of Backwater Curves in Lower Odra
Authors: Mańko Robert
Published: January 2019

In the paper, the backwater curve ranges at the mouth of the Odra River with changing boundary conditions were analysed. The aim of the study is to determine which boundary condition, i.e. stage of lower cross-section or flow in upper cross-section, has a greater impact on the formation of the backwater curve at the mouth of the Odra River. Due to the complicated system of the Lower Odra River network (Międzyodrze and Dabie Lake), the analysis takes into consideration a section of the Odra River from a weir in Widuchowa upwards, thereby accepting as an axiom that the cross-section in Widuchowa is within the range of sea impact, regardless of other hydrological conditions.
The Influence of Trace Elements on Anaerobic Digestion Process
Authors: Myszograj Sylwia , Stadnik Artur , Płuciennik-Koropczuk Ewelina
Published: January 2019

The article is the literature review on the importance of trace elements supplementation in the methane fermentation process. The production of biogas, including methane, as well as the efficiency of the process depend on the substrates to be fermented. Substances supplied with the substrate as well as products generated in the decomposition phases can inhibit the process. The factor limiting fermentation is the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of substrates. Certain compounds, such as alkanes, alkenes, biphenol, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols and ketones, are not directly susceptible to hydrolysis. They undergo this process in the presence of extracellular enzymes.

The instability of the methane fermentation process described in the literature may be related to the lack of trace elements or micronutrients. Trace elements (Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Se and Mo) are components of enzymes, some bacterial nucleic acids and essential for the synthesis of vitamins. The role of some trace elements, eg. Fe or Mo, has been well understood, while the importance of others still needs to be clarified. Literature data indicate that supplementing trace elements not only prevents process inhibition, but can also improve its performance by providing higher methane production.
Influence of Steel and Polypropylene Fibers Addition on Selected Properties of Fine-Grained Concrete
Authors: Denisiewicz Arkadiusz , Socha Tomasz , Kula Krzysztof , Pasula Marcin
Published: January 2019

The article presents results of laboratory tests of selected mechanical and physical properties of fine-grained fiber concrete. Tests were conducted on samples with a different degree of reinforcement made on the basis of steel and polypropylene fibers. For the designed concrete mixtures and prepared samples, slump class, shrinkage, compressive and bending strength and water tightness were determined.
Refined prediction of vertical gradient of gravity at Etna volcano gravity network (Italy)
Authors: Zahorec Pavol , Papčo Juraj , Vajda Peter , Greco Filippo , Cantarero Massimo , Carbone Daniele
Published: January 2019

Predicted values of the vertical gradient of gravity (VGG) on benchmarks of Etna’s monitoring system, based on calculation of the topographic contribution to the theoretical free-air gradient, are compared with VGG values observed in situ. The verification campaign indicated that improvements are required when predicting the VGGs at such networks. Our work identified the following factors to be resolved: (a) accuracy of the benchmark position; (b) gravitational effect of buildings and roadside walls adjacent to benchmarks; (c) accuracy of the digital elevation model (DEM) in the proximity of benchmarks. Benchmark positions were refined using precise geodetic methods. The gravitational effects of the benchmark-adjacent walls and buildings were modeled and accounted for in the prediction. New high-resolution DEMs were produced in the innermost zone at some benchmarks based on drone-flown photogrammetry to improve the VGG prediction at those benchmarks. The three described refinements in the VGG prediction improved the match between predicted and in situ observed VGGs at the network considerably. The standard deviation of differences between the measured and predicted VGG values decreased from 36 to 13 μGal/m.
Isolation of Free Amino Acids via Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Tobacco-Derived F1 Protein
Authors: Ashraf-Khorassani Mehdi , Coleman William M. , Dube Michael F. , Taylor Larry T.
Published: January 2019

Free amino acids have been isolated via optimized enzymatic hydrolysis of F1 tobacco protein using two cationic resins (Amberlite IR120 and Dowex MAC-2). Optimized enzymatic conversions of the protein as a result of systematic variations in conditions (e.g., time, temperature, pH, enzyme type, enzyme concentration, anaerobic/aerobic environments, and protein concentration) employing commercially available enzymes, were consistently higher than 50% with qualitative amino acid arrays that were consistent with the known composition of tobacco F1 protein. Amberlite IR120 was shown to have a much higher efficiency and capacity for isolation of amino acids from standard solutions and from hydrolysate when compared with the results using Dowex MAC-2. Two columns packed with conditioned Amberlite IR120 (120 × 10 mm,12–15 g resin) and (200 × 25.4 mm, 60–65 g resin) were used to isolate two batches (2.5–3.0 mg and 13–15 mg) of free amino acids, respectively. A relatively inexpensive analytical methodology was developed for rapid analysis of the free amino acids contained within the enzyme hydrolysate. Commercially available enzymes, when employed in optimized reaction conditions, are very effective for enzymatic conversion of tobacco F1 protein to free amino acids.
Grimes on the tacking by disjunction problem
Authors: Moretti Luca
Published: January 2019

In this paper, I focus on the so-called ‘tacking by disjunction problem.’ Namely, the problem to the effect that, if a hypothesis h is confirmed by a statement e, h is confirmed by the disjunction e ∨ f, for whatever statement f. I show that the attempt to settle this difficulty made by Grimes 1990, in a paper apparently forgotten by today methodologists, is irremediably faulty.
On Bickle’s failure to give a formal account of the location in the new-wave reductionist spectrum
Authors: Fonseca João
Published: January 2019

In this paper I discuss John Bickle’s attempt to provide a formal procedure to locate a certain reduction relation in the Hooker’s and Church-land’s New wave reductionist spectrum. Bickle’s main motivation is to react against the ‘Khunnian flavored,’ internal-to-scientific-practice pragmatist solution endorsed by Patricia Churchland when faced with the lack of a formal and external way to identify a reduction in the spectrum. Bickle tries to solve this problem by reformulating Hooker’s insights within a structuralist framework so establishing an external-toscientific-practice formal solution. I show that Bickle fails on his attempt and, as a consequence, we should adopt Patricia Churchland pragmatic stance regarding reductionist and ontological decisions.
The Impossibility of Temporal Relations Between Non-Identical Times: New Arguments for Presentism
Authors: Grupp Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

I argue that relations between non-identical times, such as the relations, earlier than, later than, or 10 seconds apart, involve contradiction, and only co-temporal relations are non-contradictory, which would leave presentism the only non-contradictory theory of time. The arguments I present are arguments that I have not seen in the literature.
On an argument of Segal’s against singular object-dependent thoughts
Authors: Marques Teresa
Published: January 2019

This paper discusses and criticizes Segal’s 1989 argument against singular object-dependent thoughts. His argument aims at showing that object-dependent thoughts are explanatorily redundant. My criticism of Segal’s argument has two parts. First, I appeal to common anti-individualist arguments to the effect that Segal’s type of argument only succeeds in establishing that object-dependent thoughts are explanatorily redundant for those aspects of subjects’ behaviour that do not require reference to external objects. Secondly, Segal’s view on singular thoughts is at odds with his view on the semantics of proper names, which favours the singularity and object-dependency of the truth-conditions of sentences in which they occur. In particular, his views are at odds with a position he holds, that truth-conditional semantics can adequately account for all aspects of speakers’ linguistic competence in the use of proper names.
Whyte on desire fulfilment conditions: a simple problem
Authors: Chandler Jake
Published: January 2019

According to Jamie Whyte, the proper assignment of fulfilment conditions to an agent’s set of desires proceeds in three steps. First, one identifies various desire extinction and behavioural reinforcement conditions to obtain the fulfilment conditions of a certain subset of the agent’s desires. With these fulfilment conditions in hand, one then appeals to a principle connecting desire fulfilment conditions with belief truth conditions to obtain the truth conditions of a number of the agent’s beliefs. Finally, one uses these belief truth conditions to generate, via a third principle, the fulfilment conditions for the remaining desires. There is, however, a very straightforward reason why this strategy cannot yield the required results.