bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flow and heat transfer of nanofluid in a channel partially filled with porous media considering turbulence effect in pores
Authors: Sedighi Ali Asghar , Deldoost Zeynab , Karambasti Bahram Mahjoob
Published: July 2019

The flow and heat transfer of Al2O3–water nanofluid in a channel partially filled with porous media is investigated numerically. The turbulence effect in the porous media is taken under consideration in this article. A simple case is simulated first to evaluate the accuracy of the results in comparison with the available data. The turbulent kinetic energy profile is investigated at a flow cross section. The results show that the maximum turbulent kinetic energy occurs in the clear fluid region in the vicinity of the porous media region. The turbulent kinetic energy is a decreasing function of the porosity of the porous medium. The effect of porosity on the variation of turbulent kinetic energy decreases with the increase in the porosity of the porous medium. The turbulent kinetic energy in clear fluid and porous media regions decreases with the increase in nanofluid concentration from 0.01 to 0.03, and it increases with the increase in nanofluid concentration from 0.03 to 0.05. The temperature of the nanofluid increases with the increase in the nanofluid concentration and decrease in the porosity of porous media. It is shown that for this case, with the increase in nanofluid concentration and porosity of porous media, the skin friction coefficient increases and the Nusselt number decreases.
Evaluation of foramsulfuron for poverty oat grass [Danthonia spicata (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.] and rough bentgrass (Agrostis scabra Willd.) management in lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)
Authors: White Scott N. , Zhang Linshan
Published: July 2019

The susceptibility of poverty oat grass and rough bentgrass to foramsulfuron was assessed in greenhouse and field experiments. A dose response study was conducted in a greenhouse with treatments consisting of 0, 4.4, 8.8, 17.5, 35, 70, 140, and 280 g foramsulfuron ha−1. Field experiments were conducted using a similar dose response and also included industry standard fluazifop-P-butyl and sethoxydim applications. Foramsulfuron application rates of 4.04 ± 0.73 and 6.6 ± 1.3 g a.i. ha−1 reduced poverty oat grass biomass by 50% in the greenhouse. In contrast, 4.4 g a.i. ha−1 foramsulfuron caused >70% reduction in rough bentgrass biomass in the greenhouse. In the field, 280 g a.i. ha−1 of foramsulfuron was required to reduce poverty oat grass total and flowering tuft density and >35 g a.i. ha−1 (registered foramsulfuron rate) was required to reduce flowering tuft inflorescence number by 50%. In contrast, rough bentgrass was injured by 4.4 and 8.8 g a.i. ha−1 of foramsulfuron and total and flowering tuft density and flowering tuft inflorescence number were reduced by all other foramsulfuron rates evaluated. Foramsulfuron application rates of 13.1 ± 2.4, 10.3 ± 1.2, and 5.4 ± 0.9 g a.i. ha−1 reduced rough bentgrass total tuft density, flowering tuft density, and tuft inflorescence number, respectively, by 50%. Lowbush blueberry growers can consider foramsulfuron for postemergence management of rough bentgrass, but additional research is required to identify new herbicides for postemergence poverty oat grass management.
Barcoding of estuarine macrophytes and phylogenetic diversity of estuaries along the South African coastline
Authors: Veldkornet D.A. , Adams J.B. , Boatwright J.S. , Rajkaran A.
Published: July 2019

Plant DNA barcoding serves as an effective approach to building community phylogenies and increasing our understanding of the factors that determine plant community assemblages. The aims of the study were to (i) barcode macrophytes with high estuarine fidelity and (ii) to determine the phylogenetic diversity (PD) of selected South African estuaries for conservation prioritisation. Three DNA barcoding gene regions (rbcLa, matK, and trnH-psbA) were assessed, and community phylogenies were constructed for 270 estuaries. Generally, the matK barcode had the greatest discrimination success rate of 67.4% (parsimony informative sites = 418). Closely related species formed clades that also represent estuarine habitat types. Estuaries with high phylogenetic diversity along the southeast coast were associated with a combination of mangrove and salt marsh habitats. Species richness was strongly and significantly correlated with PD (r = 0.93; p < 0.000). Based on mean pairwise distance (MPD), more temperate estuaries (56) showed significant phylogenetic clustering compared to subtropical estuaries (24) (p < 0.05). Similarly, based on mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD), significant phylogenetic clustering was highest in temperate estuaries (50) compared to subtropical estuaries (12) (p < 0.05). This suggests that the coexistence of plant species in estuaries is structured by both biotic and abiotic interactions.
Schwinger’s picture of quantum mechanics II: Algebras and observables
Authors: Ciaglia F. M. , Ibort A. , Marmo G.
Published: July 2019

The kinematical foundations of Schwinger’s algebra of selective measurements were discussed in [F. M. Ciaglia, A. Ibort and G. Marmo, Schwinger’s picture of quantum mechanics I: Groupoids, To appear in IJGMMP (2019)] and, as a consequence of this, a new picture of quantum mechanics based on groupoids was proposed. In this paper, the dynamical aspects of the theory are analyzed. For that, the algebra generated by the observables, as well as the notion of state, are discussed, and the structure of the transition functions, that plays an instrumental role in Schwinger’s picture, is elucidated. A Hamiltonian picture of dynamical evolution emerges naturally, and the formalism offers a simple way to discuss the quantum-to-classical transition. Some basic examples, the qubit and the harmonic oscillator, are examined, and the relation with the standard Dirac–Schrödinger and Born–Jordan–Heisenberg pictures is discussed.
Cytotoxic Effects of Artemisia annua L. and Pure Artemisinin on the D-17 Canine Osteosarcoma Cell Line
Authors: Isani Gloria , Bertocchi Martina , Andreani Giulia , Farruggia Giovanna , Cappadone Concettina , Salaroli Roberta , Forni Monica , Bernardini Chiara
Published: July 2019

Artemisia annua has been used for centuries in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Although used as an antimalarial drug, its active compound artemisinin and the semisynthetic derivatives have also been investigated for their anticancer properties, with interesting and promising results. The aims of this research were to evaluate (i) the cytotoxicity and the antiproliferative effect of pure artemisinin and a hydroalcoholic extract obtained from A. annua on the D-17 canine osteosarcoma cell line and (ii) the intracellular iron concentration and its correlation with the cytotoxic effects. Both artemisinin and hydroalcoholic extract induced a cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner. Pure artemisinin caused an increase of cells in the S phase, whereas the hydroalcoholic extract induced an evident increase in the G2/M phase. A significant decrease of iron concentration was measured in D-17 cells treated with pure artemisinin and hydroalcoholic extract compared to untreated cells. In conclusion, although preliminary, the data obtained in this study are indicative of a more potent cytotoxic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract than pure artemisinin, indicating a possible synergistic effect of the phytocomplex and a mechanism of action involving iron and possibly ferroptosis. Considering the similarities between human and canine osteosarcomas, progress in deepening knowledge and improving therapeutic protocols will probably be relevant for both species, in a model of reciprocal translational medicine.
An Improved Empirical Model for Estimation of Temperature Effect on Performance of Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Jatoi Abdul Rehman , Samo Saleem Raza , Jakhrani Abdul Qayoom
Published: July 2019

It is prerequisite to predict the behaviour of photovoltaic (PV) modules in a particular geographical area where the system is to be installed for their better performance and increasing lifetime. For that, models are the easiest and acceptable tools to characterise the behaviour of PV modules in any location. The purpose of this study was to develop an empirical model to predict the influence of temperature on the performance of four different PV module technologies, namely, polycrystalline, monocrystalline, amorphous, and thin film in an outdoor environment. The model has been developed by fitting of one year experimental data using the least squares method. The estimated results of the developed model were validated with real-time data (winter and summer season) and a comparison of other existing model estimates using error analysis with 95% confidence interval. The proposed model estimations confirm that the monocrystalline module performs better in winter and polycrystalline in summer as compared to amorphous and thin film in the study area. During analysis, it is revealed that developed model results are more precise and appropriate among other existing model estimations. It is concluded that the proposed model estimations could be used for the prediction of PV module temperature in similar environmental conditions as that of the study area with more accuracy and confidence. It ultimately helps to develop cost-effective and efficient PV systems.
Antitrypanosomal Effects of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Zepern. & Timler Extracts on African Trypanosomes
Authors: Dofuor Aboagye Kwarteng , Djameh Georgina Isabella , Ayertey Frederick , Bolah Peter , Amoa-Bosompem Michael , Kyeremeh Kwaku , Okine Laud Kenneth , Gwira Theresa Manful , Ohashi Mitsuko
Published: July 2019

African trypanosomiasis is a disease caused by the parasitic protozoa of the Trypanosoma genus. Despite several efforts at chemotherapeutic interventions, the disease poses serious health and economic concerns to humans and livestock of many sub-Saharan African countries. Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Zepern. & Timler (Z. zanthoxyloides LZT) is a plant species of important phytochemical and pharmacological relevance in the subtropical zones of the African continent. However, the mechanisms of its antitrypanosomal effects in African trypanosomes remain to be elucidated. The aim of the study was to determine the in vitro effects and mechanisms of action of Z. zanthoxyloides LZT (root) fractions against Trypanosoma brucei. T. brucei (GUTat 3.1 strain), L. donovani (D10 strain), P. falciparum (3D 7 strain), Jurkat cells, and Chang liver cells were cultivated in vitro to the log phase in their respective media at 37°C. Crude extracts and fractions were prepared from air-dried pulverized plant material of Z. zanthoxyloides LZT (root) using the modified Kupchan method of solvent partitioning. Half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were determined through the alamar blue cell viability assay. Effects of fractions on cell death and cell cycle of T. brucei were determined using flow cytometry. Fluorescence microscopy was used to investigate the effects of fractions on the morphology and distribution of T. brucei. Antitrypanosomal compounds of fractions were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. Methanol, butanol, and dichloromethane fractions were selectively active against T. brucei with respective IC50 values of 3.89, 4.02, and 5.70 μg/ml. Moreover, methanol, butanol, and dichloromethane fractions significantly induced apoptosis-like cell death with remarkable alteration in the cell cycle of T. brucei. Furthermore, dichloromethane and methanol fractions altered the morphology, induced aggregation, and altered the ratio of nuclei to kinetoplasts in the parasite. The HPLC chromatograms and ATR-IR spectra of the active fractions suggested the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons with hydroxyl, carbonyl, amine, or amide functional groups. The results suggest that Z. zanthoxyloides LZT have potential chemotherapeutic effects on African trypanosomes with implications for novel therapeutic interventions in African trypanosomiasis.
Aerobic Physical Exercise as a Neuroprotector Strategy for Ethanol Binge-Drinking Effects in the Hippocampus and Systemic Redox Status in Rats
Authors: Pamplona-Santos Dinair , Lamarão-Vieira Kátia , Nascimento Priscila C. , Bittencourt Leonardo Oliveira , Corrêa Márcio G. , dos Santos Savio M. , Cartágenes Sabrina C. , Fernandes Luanna Melo Pereira , Monteiro Marta C. , Maia Cristiane S. F. , Lima Rafael Rodrigues
Published: July 2019

The heavy and episodic EtOH drinking pattern, equivalent to weekend consumption, characterizes the binge-drinking pattern and promotes a misbalance of encephalic metabolic functions, concurring to neurodegeneration and cerebral dysfunction. And for being a legal drug, it has global public health and social relevance. In this way, we aimed to investigate the effects of physical training, in a treadmill, on the deleterious effects of EtOH on hippocampal functions, related to memory and learning. For this, we used 40 Wistar rats, divided into four groups: Control group, Trained group (trained animals with doses of distilled water), EtOH group (nontrained animals with doses of 3 g/kg/day of EtOH, 20% w/v), and Trained+EtOH group (trained animals exposed to EtOH). The physical exercise was performed by running on a treadmill for 5 days a week for 4 weeks, and all doses of EtOH were administered through intragastric gavage in four repeated cycles of EtOH in binge. After the experimental period, the animals were submitted to the object recognition task and Morris water maze test, and after being euthanized, the blood and hippocampus were collected for Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), Reduced Glutathione Content (GSH), and Nitrite and Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) level measurements. Our results showed that EtOH caused marked oxidative stress and mnemonic damage, and the physical exercise promoted neuroprotective effects, among them, the modulation of oxidative biochemistry in plasma (by restoring GSH levels) and in the hippocampus (by reducing LPO levels and increasing antioxidant parameters) and cognitive function improvement. Therefore, physical exercise can be an important prophylactic and therapeutic tool in order to ameliorate and even prevent the deleterious effects of EtOH on cognitive functions.
Stability Assessment of Landslides in Dahuaqiao Reservoir Area Based on Back Analysis of Slope Monitoring
Authors: Wang Yu-xiao , Wang Yu-jie , Jiang Long , Sun Ping , Lin Xingchao , Li Shouyi
Published: July 2019

Dahuaqiao Hydropower Station is the sixth cascade hydropower project on the upper stream of the Lancang River, and a number of slope instabilities were found in the reservoir area before reservoir impoundment. The reservoir impoundment and fluctuation of the reservoir water level generally reactivate these potential slope failures or trigger new ones. Therefore, how to cope with the influence of these slope failures on dam safety has always been the focus of attention. However, it is unwise to stabilize all these potentially instable slopes by remedial measures. Based on a two‐parameter and four‐level back analysis method proposed in this paper, reasonable measures for landslide management are suggested on the basis of the in situ monitoring results and back analysis of geomaterial strength parameters.
Modeling of Electromagnetic Wave Coupling to Thin-Wire Structures in Terrain Environments Using Hybrid PE/TPIE Method
Authors: Zhang Dongmin , Liao Cheng , Feng Ju , Deng Xiaochuan , Cheng Youfeng
Published: July 2019

Analysis of electromagnetic wave coupling to thin-wire structures plays a very important role in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). In this paper, a hybrid method, which is integrated parabolic equation (PE) and two-potential integral equation (TPIE), is presented to analyze the coupling problems in terrain environments. To model the realistic scenarios, PE based on the split-step Fourier transform (SSFT) technique is applied to solve the three-dimensional field distribution to obtain the external excitations for the wires. According to the boundary conditions, the high-precision TPIE solved via the moment method (MoM) is developed to simulate the induced currents on the wires. The hybrid method takes the terrain influences into account and provides a more reasonable result compared to the traditional approaches. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate correctness of the proposed method. Simulation experiments of field-to-transmission lines with different frequencies, radiation source heights, conductor radii, and lengths, in a realistic scenario constructed by a digital map, are carried out to investigate the coupling properties.
Angiographic Findings in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Previously Treated Using Proton Beam Therapy
Authors: Takahashi Hiroaki , Mori Kensaku , Sekino Yuta , Okumura Toshiyuki , Hiyama Takashi , Fukuda Kuniaki , Hasegawa Naoyuki , Sakai Masafumi , Kikuchi Shunsuke , Takei Yohei , Iizumi Takashi , Sakurai Hideyuki , Minami Manabu
Published: July 2019

Given the growing interest in using proton beam therapy (PBT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is possible that transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) could be used for selected patients who have previously undergone PBT. However, these cases can be technically challenging to treat and require appropriate preparation. Thus, we aimed to identify angiographic findings in this setting. We retrospectively identified 31 patients (28 men and 3 women, mean age: 69 years, range: 43–84 years) who underwent hepatic angiography plus TACE or transarterial infusion chemotherapy (TAI) for HCC that recurred after PBT (July 2007 to June 2018). We discovered four angiographic findings, which we speculate were related to the previous PBT. 18 patients experienced recurrence in the irradiated field, and 13 patients experienced recurrence outside the irradiated field. 29 patients underwent TACE and only 2 patients underwent TAI. The mean number of previous PBT treatments was 1.3 ± 0.6 (range: 1–4). The median interval from the earliest PBT treatment to hepatic angiography was 559 days (range: 34–5,383 days), and the median interval from the latest PBT treatment to hepatic angiography was 464 days (range: 34–5,383 days). Abnormal staining of the irradiated liver parenchyma was observed in 22 patients, which obscured the angiographic tumor staining in 4 patients. Development of a tortuous tumor feeder vessel was observed in 13 patients. Development of an extrahepatic collateral pathway was observed in 7 patients. Development of an arterioportal or arteriovenous shunt was observed in 4 patients. Based on these findings, we conclude that PBT was associated with various angiographic findings during subsequent transarterial chemotherapy for recurrent HCC, and familiarity with these findings will be important in developing appropriate treatment plans.
Expression Profiles of Long Noncoding RNA and mRNA in Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Zheng Meili , Zhao Lei , Yang Xinchun
Published: July 2019

The expression profile of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in human epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has not been widely studied. In the present study, we performed RNA sequencing to analyze the expression profiles of lncRNA and mRNA in EAT in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with and without heart failure (HF). Our results showed RNA sequencing disclosed 35673 mRNA and 11087 lncRNA corresponding to 15554 genes in EAT in total, while 30 differentially expressed lncRNAs (17 upregulated and 13 downregulated) and 278 differentially expressed mRNAs (129 upregulated and 149 downregulated) were discriminated between CAD patients with and without HF (P<0.05; fold change>2); lncRNA ENST00000610659 drew specific attention for it was the top upregulated lncRNA with highest fold change and corresponded to UNC93B1 gene, which was proved to be related to HF and encoded UNC93B1 protein regulating toll-like receptor signaling, and both of them significantly increased in HF patients in qRT-PCR validation; the top significant upregulated enriched GO terms and KEGG pathway analysis were regulation of lymphocyte activation (GO:0051249) and T cell receptor signaling pathway (hsa04660), respectively. The current findings support the fact that EAT lncRNAs are involved in the inflammatory response leading to the development of HF.
Stability of Tungsten Crucible against Uranium, Rare Earth, Cadmium, and Chlorides for Cathode Process in Pyroprocessing
Authors: Jang Junhyuk , Han Seungyoub , Kim Tack-Jin , Kim Gha-Young , Lee Chang Hwa , Lee Sung-Jai
Published: July 2019

The stability of W against U, rare-earth (RE) elements, Cd, and various chlorides was evaluated by melting and distillation testing. Three runs were performed with a W crucible to examine its reactivity: (i) RE melting by induction heating, (ii) salt distillation test of U-dendrite and various chlorides, and (iii) Cd distillation test from U–Cd alloy. The W crucible remained stable after the RE melting test using induction melting, exhibiting its applicability for induction heating systems. The salt distillation test with the W crucible at 1050°C exhibited the stability of W against U and various chlorides, showing no interaction. The Cd distillation test with the W crucible at 500°C showed that the crucible was very stable against Cd, maintaining a shiny surface. These results reveal that the W crucible is stable under operation conditions for both salt and Cd distillation, suggesting the high potential utility of W as a crucible material for application in cathode processes in pyroprocessing.
Treatment of Fracture Sequel in the Mandibular Angle Region
Authors: Sangalette Beatriz Sobrinho , Levatti Tiago Trevizan , Vieira Larissa Vargas , Filho João Lopes Toledo , Pastori Cláudio Maldonado , Toledo Gustavo Lopes
Published: July 2019

Because of the anterior disposition on the face and the fragility of the anatomy, the mandible is commonly affected in facial fractures, and the angle region represents 32% of the mandibular fractures; therefore, the objective of the paper was to present a proposal for late correction of the mandibular fracture already consolidated and with occlusal alteration. Patient J.C.P.R., 32, during anamnesis reported loss of sensibility in the mentalis region as well as unilateral posterior open bite for having been a victim of an automobile accident about 1 year and 3 months ago. Physical examination showed elevation in the right mandibular angle region due to the poor positioning of fractured stumps. It has been found that the patient suffered a simple fracture at the mandibular angle, but that had not been treated previously, and it was necessary to treat the fracture sequel. Refraction was performed with a new reduction and fixation through titanium plates and screws, showing that, even being late, the procedure to reduce the fracture sequela was effective, even with the correct functional occlusal adjustment.
A Hazelnut-Enriched Diet Modulates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Gene Expression without Weight Gain
Authors: Di Renzo Laura , Cioccoloni Giorgia , Bernardini Sergio , Abenavoli Ludovico , Aiello Vincenzo , Marchetti Marco , Cammarano Andrea , Alipourfard Iraj , Ceravolo Ida , Gratteri Santo
Published: July 2019

Introduction. Inflammation is associated with obesity condition and plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of many chronic diseases. Among several nutraceutical foods, hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) are considered an excellent anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic food being the second richest source of monounsaturated fatty acids among nuts and because they are rich in vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds. Materials and Methods. A prospective pilot clinical trial on 24 healthy volunteers who consumed daily, as a snack, 40 g of hazelnuts (261.99 kcal/1096.17 kJ) for six weeks was conducted. Anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, and nutrigenomic analysis on 12 anti-inflammatory and antioxidant genes were evaluated at baseline (T0) and after hazelnut intervention (T1). Results. No significant changes were detected on body composition analysis after hazelnut consumption. Conversely, significant upregulation was detected for SOD1 (2−ΔΔCt=2.42), CAT (2−ΔΔCt=2.41), MIF (2−ΔΔCt=4.12), PPARγ (2−ΔΔCt=5.89), VDR (2−ΔΔCt=3.61), MTHFR (2−ΔΔCt=2.40), and ACE (2−ΔΔCt=2.16) at the end of the study. Conclusions. According to emerging evidences, hazelnut consumption does not lead to weight gain probably due to the improvement of the body’s antioxidant capacity by the upregulation of genes implied in oxidant reactions and inflammation.
Identification of Upregulated HNRNPs Associated with Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Qiao Lu , Xie Ning , Bai Yuru , Li Yan , Shi Yongquan , Wang Jinhai , Liu Na
Published: July 2019

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (HNRNPs) are reported to play a crucial role in the pathogenic process of multiple malignancies. However, the expression patterns and prognostic values of HNRNPs in pancreatic cancer (PC) are lacking. In this study, several public databases were explored to identify the commonly upregulated HNRNPs in PC. The clinical significance of HNRNPL (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins L) in PC was analyzed. We further performed a series of experiments to elucidate the biological functions of HNRNPL. Bioinformatics analysis including pathway enrichment and interactors with HNRNPL was used to explain the potential mechanisms of HNRNPL in PC pathogenesis. Herein, we reported that HNRNPL was commonly overexpressed in public databases and that high expression of HNRNPL in PC was positively associated with aggressive disease and poor overall survival. Downregulation of HNRNPL suppressed the abilities of migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition of PC cells in vitro, while depletion of HNRNPL did not affect the proliferation rate of PC cells. We further showed that HNRNPL might combine with RNA-binding protein, PTBP1, and function as a part of the spliceosome to regulate alternative splicing of target genes in the occurrence and development of PC. HNRNPL could be employed as an innovative prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for PC.
A New Cooperative Dual-Level Game Approach for Operator-Controlled Multihop D2D Communications
Authors: Kim Sungwook
Published: July 2019

With the development of wireless communications and the intellectualization of mobile devices, device-to-device (D2D) communications are considered as a standard part of future 5G networks. This new paradigm can provide better user experiences while improving the system performance such as network throughput, latency, fairness, and energy efficiency. In this study, we investigate a new dual-level D2D communication scheme consisting of multiple D2D operators and a group of mobile devices. To model the interaction among D2D operators and devices, we adopt two cooperative game approaches based on the incentive mechanism design and r-egalitarian Shapley value. At the upper level, routing paths and incentive payments for multihop relay services are decided using the incentive mechanism. At the lower level, mobile devices share the given incentive based on the r-egalitarian Shapley value. Both level control procedures are mutually dependent on each other by the proper coordination and collaboration. According to the main features of two cooperative game models, the proposed scheme takes various benefits in a fair-efficient way. Through the derived simulation results, we can verify the superiority of our proposed scheme comparing to the existing protocols. Finally, we propose further challenges and future opportunities in the research area of operator-controlled multihop D2D communications.
Neuroinflammation and Myelin Status in Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Normal Aging Brains: A Small Sample Study
Authors: Han Fei , Perrin Richard J. , Wang Qing , Wang Yong , Perlmutter Joel S. , Morris John C. , Benzinger Tammie L. S. , Xu Jinbin
Published: July 2019

Microglia and astrocytes play important roles in mediating the immune processes and nutritional support in the central nervous system (CNS). Neuroinflammation has been indicated in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Chronic neuroinflammation with sustained activation of microglia and astrocytes may affect white matter tracts and disrupt communication between neurons. Recent studies indicate astrogliosis may inhibit remyelination in demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis. In this study, we investigated the relationship between neuroinflammation and myelin status in postmortem human brain tissue (n = 15 including 6 AD, 5 PD, and 4 age-matched, neurologically normal controls (NC)). We conducted systematic and quantitative immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), amyloid beta, and highly phosphorylated tau (tauopathy). White matter intactness was evaluated by myelin and axon staining in adjacent brain tissue sections. Eight of 15 cases (4 AD, 3 PD, and 1 NC) showed increased immunoreactivity for microglia and astrocytes in the white matter that connects striatum and cortex. Quantitative analysis of these 8 cases showed a significant negative correlation between GFAP (but not Iba-1) and myelin (but not axon) staining in white matter (r2 = 0.78, p<0.005). Tau, but not amyloid beta plaques, is significantly higher in AD vs. PD and NC. Tau burden increases with age in AD cases. These observations indicate that astrocytosis in white matter is associated with loss of myelin in AD, PD, and normal aging and that tau is a potent biomarker for AD.
Phenothiazinium Dyes Are Active againstTrypanosoma cruziIn Vitro
Authors: Bulhões Portapilla Gisele , Pereira Luiz Miguel , Bronzon da Costa Cássia Mariana , Voltarelli Providello Maiara , Sampaio Oliveira Pedro Alexandre , Goulart Amanda , Ferreira Anchieta Naira , Wainwright Mark , Leite Braga Gilberto Úbida , de Albuquerque Sérgio
Published: July 2019

Chagas disease is a tropical illness caused by the protozoanTrypanosoma cruzi. The disease affects populations of the Americas and has been spread to other continents due to the migration process. The disease is partially controlled by two drugs, Benznidazole and Nifurtimox. These molecules are active in the acute phase of the infection but are usually ineffective during the symptomatic chronic phase. Several research groups have developed novel candidates to control Chagas disease; however, no novel commercial formulation is available. In this article, we described the anti-T. cruzieffects of phenothiazinium dyes in amastigote and trypomastigote forms of the parasite. Methylene Blue, New Methylene Blue, Toluidine Blue O, and 1,9-Dimethyl Methylene Blue inhibited the parasite proliferation at nanomolar concentrations and also demonstrated low toxicity in host cells. Moreover, combinations of phenothiazinium dyes indicated a synergic pattern against amastigotes compared to the Benznidazole counterparts. Phenothiazinium dyes levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased the mitochondrial potential in trypomastigotes, indicating the mechanism of action of the dyes inT. cruzi. Our article offers a basis for future strategies for the control of Chagas disease using low-cost formulations, an important point for endemic underdeveloped regions.
The Role of Antegrade Irrigation via Percutaneous Nephrostomy on Surgical Outcomes in Semirigid Ureteroscopy among Patients with Upper Ureteral Stones
Authors: Jung Wonho , Byun Hye Jin , Lee Dong Sup
Published: July 2019

Objective.We aimed to investigate the role of antegrade irrigation via percutaneous nephrostomy on surgical outcomes in retrograde ureteroscopy in patients with upper ureter stones.Materials and Methods.In this retrospective study, we analyzed 134 patients who underwent retrograde semirigid ureteroscopy for upper ureter stones between August 2012 and December 2017. Patients were divided into two groups: retrograde irrigation group (conventional URS) and antegrade irrigation group (using percutaneous nephrostomy). Operation time, postoperative hospital stay, complications, and stone-free rate were measured for each patient after ureteroscopy.Results.The mean age in the retrograde irrigation and antegrade irrigation groups was 53.3 and 60.7 years, respectively (p=0.007). The operation time was 60.8 min vs. 43.0 min (p=0.002), and stone-free rate was 82.0 % vs. 95.5 % (p=0.033). Stone size, laterality, the proportion of male patients, and urinary tract infection prevalence were comparable between the groups. In the subgroup analysis of stone size >10 mm, the antegrade irrigation group had a shorter operation time and a higher stone-free rate. For stone size of 5–10 mm, operation time in the antegrade irrigation group was shorter and the stone-free rate between the two groups was comparable.Conclusion.Antegrade irrigation via percutaneous nephrostomy during ureteroscopy has a higher stone-free rate with a shorter operation time without an increased urinary tract infection risk. Therefore, if percutaneous nephrostomy is necessary before ureteroscopy, antegrade irrigation of external fluid via percutaneous nephrostomy is strongly recommended.
Improved Delay‐Dependent Stability and Stabilization Conditions of T‐S Fuzzy Time‐Delay Systems via an Augmented Lyapunov‐Krasovskii Functional Approach
Authors: Gao Zifan , Yang Jiaxiu , Zhu Shuqian
Published: July 2019

This paper develops some improved stability and stabilization conditions of T‐S fuzzy system with constant time‐delay and interval time‐varying delay with its derivative bounds available, respectively. These conditions are presented by linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and derived by applying an augmented Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional (LKF) approach combined with a canonical Bessel‐Legendre (B‐L) inequality. Different from the existing LKFs, the proposed LKF involves more state variables in an augmented way resorting to the form of the B‐L inequality. The B‐L inequality is also applied in ensuring the positiveness of the constructed LKF and the negativeness of derivative of the LKF. By numerical examples, it is verified that the obtained stability conditions can ensure a larger upper bound of time‐delay, the larger number of Legendre polynomials in the stability conditions can lead to less conservative results, and the stabilization condition is effective, respectively.
A Memetic Algorithm for Multiskill Resource‐Constrained Project Scheduling Problem under Linear Deterioration
Authors: Dai Huafeng , Cheng Wenming
Published: July 2019

This paper proposes a general variable neighborhood search‐based memetic algorithm (GVNS‐MA) for solving the multiskill resource‐constrained project scheduling problem under linear deterioration. Integrating a solution recombination operator and a local optimization procedure, the proposed GVNS‐MA is assessed on two sets of instances and achieves highly competitive results. One set of benchmark instances is commonly used in the literature where the capability of the proposed algorithm to find high quality solutions is demonstrated, compared with the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms in the literature. The other set revises the former through incorporating the linear deterioration effect. Two key components of the proposed algorithm are investigated to confirm their critical role to the success of the proposed method.
Gestational Tissue-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Use Distinct Combinations of Bioactive Molecules to Suppress the Proliferation of Human Hepatoblastoma and Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Paiboon Nitchapon , Kamprom Witchayaporn , Manochantr Sirikul , Tantrawatpan Chairat , Tantikanlayaporn Duangrat , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Kheolamai Pakpoom
Published: July 2019

Background.Cancer has been considered a serious global health problem and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite recent advances in cancer therapy, treatments of advance stage cancers are mostly ineffective resulting in poor survival of patients. Recent evidences suggest that multipotent human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) play important roles in growth and metastasis of several cancers by enhancing their engraftment and inducing tumor neovascularization. However, the effect of hMSCs on cancer cells is still controversial because there are also evidences demonstrating that hMSCs inhibited growth and metastasis of some cancers.Methods.In this study, we investigated the effects of bioactive molecules released from bone marrow and gestational tissue-derived hMSCs on the proliferation of various human cancer cells, including C3A, HT29, A549, Saos-2, and U251. We also characterized the hMSC-derived factors that inhibit cancer cell proliferation by protein fractionation and mass spectrometry analysis.Results.We herein make a direct comparison and show that the effects of hMSCs on cancer cell proliferation and migration depend on both hMSC sources and cancer cell types and cancer-derived bioactive molecules did not affect the cancer suppressive capacity of hMSCs. Moreover, hMSCs use distinct combination of bioactive molecules to suppress the proliferation of human hepatoblastoma and colorectal cancer cells. Using protein fractionation and mass spectrometry analysis, we have identified several novel hMSC-derived factors that might be able to suppress cancer cell proliferation.Conclusion.We believe that the procedure developed in this study could be used to discover other therapeutically useful molecules released by various hMSC sources for a futurein vivostudy.
CXCR7 Reactivates ERK Signaling to Promote Resistance to EGFR Kinase Inhibitors in NSCLC
Authors: Becker Jeffrey H. , Gao Yandi , Soucheray Margaret , Pulido Ines , Kikuchi Eiki , Rodríguez María L. , Gandhi Rutu , Lafuente-Sanchis Aranzazu , Aupí Miguel , Alcácer Fernández-Coronado Javier , Martín-Martorell Paloma , Cremades Antonio , Galbis-Caravajal José M. , Alcácer Javier , Christensen Camilla L. , Simms Patricia , Hess Ashley , Asahina Hajime , Kahle Michael P. , Al-Shahrour Fatima , Borgia Jeffrey A. , Lahoz Agustín , Insa Amelia , Juan Oscar , Jänne Pasi A. , Wong Kwok-Kin , Carretero Julian , Shimamura Takeshi
Published: July 2019

Although EGFR mutant–selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are clinically effective, acquired resistance can occur by reactivating ERK. We show using in vitro models of acquired EGFR TKI resistance with a mesenchymal phenotype that CXCR7, an atypical G protein-coupled receptor, activates the MAPK–ERK pathway via β-arrestin. Depletion of CXCR7 inhibited the MAPK pathway, significantly attenuated EGFR TKI resistance, and resulted in mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. CXCR7 overexpression was essential in reactivation of ERK1/2 for the generation of EGFR TKI–resistant persister cells. Many patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring an EGFR kinase domain mutation, who progressed on EGFR inhibitors, demonstrated increased CXCR7 expression. These data suggest that CXCR7 inhibition could considerably delay and prevent the emergence of acquired EGFR TKI resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC.

Significance:

Increased expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR7 constitutes a mechanism of resistance to EGFR TKI in patients with non–small cell lung cancer through reactivation of ERK signaling.
Baicalein Preconditioning Modulates Hepatocellular Injury following Liver Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats via Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Signaling
Authors: Mahmoud Mona Fouad , Gamal Samar , El-Fayoumi Hassan M.
Published: July 2019

Background: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a frequent and major complication during liver transplantation. Baicalein, a plant flavonoid, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, whether these effects mediate its protective effects in liver I/R injury remains poorly understood. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effects of baicalein preconditioning on liver I/R in rats and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Baicalein (300 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before 45 min of ischemia followed by 1 h of reperfusion. Results: Baicalein preconditioning attenuated liver I/R injury, as indicated by a reduction in serum aminotransferase activities and an improvement of histopathological abnormalities. Baicalein also significantly reduced the activity of the cellular hepatic proapoptotic enzyme caspase-3 in response to I/R injury. Moreover, baicalein significantly reduced nuclear factor kappa-B expression and the subsequent proinflammatory cytokine production, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) level, increased interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, reduced the TNF-α/IL-10 ratio, and suppressed leukocyte infiltration. It increased hepatic antioxidants and reduced lipid peroxidation. Conclusion: Taken together, bai­calein preconditioning would seem to protect against liver I/R injury via antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflam­matory effects.
Chondrosarcoma of the Nasal Septum: A Case Report
Authors: Maingi Sahil , Padiyar B. Vageesh , Sharma Nishi
Published: July 2019

Chondrosarcoma of the nasal septum is a rare entity with 5–10% arising from the head and neck region. Differentiating benign cartilaginous tumors such as chondromas from low-grade chondrosarcomas can be challenging. We report a 45-year-old female who presented to us with bilateral nasal obstruction. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography and multiple deep biopsies were performed which were suggestive of grade 1 chondrosarcoma. The patient subsequently underwent endoscopic excision of the tumor with adequate margins confirmed by histopathology. The patient is on regular follow-up and has shown no evidence of recurrence on diagnostic nasal endoscopy and radiological imaging.
O vídeo independente brasileiro
Authors: Ribeiro Regilene Sarzi
Published: July 2019

Trata-se de um estudo historiográfico sobre a videoarte no Brasil a partir de aspectos estéticos e conceituais do vídeo independente. O estudo buscou promover um diálogo com obras audiovisuais, integrantes de ações políticas, que marcaram a postura crítica e de engajamento na década de 1980 e sua inserção na televisão comercial visando à produção do conhecimento histórico a respeito do audiovisual em suas interfaces com outros campos das artes do vídeo. A produtora Olhar Eletrônico é objeto de estudo deste artigo. O corpus analisado é composto de um dos seus quadros experimentais: Ernesto Varela, produzido em 1984 e cujas ironia e empatia são traços de sua reflexão e crítica política.
A Vida e a Lama
Authors: Oliveira Rogério Luiz Silva
Published: July 2019

Uma grande reportagem exibida na TV; uma experimentação em realidade virtual; um documentário de longa duração. A partir destes três trabalhos, propõe-se uma reflexão sobre a relação entre cinematografia e memória. O contexto é o conjunto de fatos e desdobramentos posteriores ao rompimento da barragem de Fundão, no município de Mariana (MG), no dia 5 de novembro de 2015. Atento ao modo como são criadas circunstâncias para apresentar os dramas humanos vividos após a tragédia, o foco está no modo como as imagens em movimento dão sentido a objetivos muito maiores que a mera experimentação técnica.
Guerra Fria e liberdades civis, ontem e hoje, em Ponte dos Espiões
Authors: Pinheiro Fábio Luciano Francener
Published: July 2019

Procuramos expor como Steven Spielberg, cineasta de apelo popular, com uma filmografia repleta de filmes históricos, aborda a Guerra Fria em Ponte dos Espiões (2015) e como o diretor associa aquele período à defesa das liberdades civis. Selecionamos alguns trechos do filme e buscamos indicar cinematograficamente – na composição dos planos, movimentos de câmera, iluminação, cores e pelo olhar dos personagens – as formas visuais construídas pelo cineasta para um acontecimento histórico que levou um advogado a defender um espião soviético em 1957. Também conectamos o filme ao momento em que foi lançado, de hostilidades entre Estados Unidos e Rússia.
As misérias da agulha do Cinema do Povo
Authors: Mundim Luiz Felipe Cezar
Published: July 2019

O artigo pretende analisar o primeiro filme produzido pelo Cinema do Povo na França, em janeiro de 1914, intitulado Les misères de l’aiguille (As misérias da agulha). O filme foi francamente orientado para mostrar os problemas das mulheres urbanas na classe trabalhadora francesa. A análise fílmica nos revelou não apenas um modo totalmente diferente de mostrar as mulheres, com motivação feminista, mas também, uma nova representação da mulher, mesmo pelo movimento operário do início do século XX na França, como podemos ver comparando caricaturas, desenhos e imagens produzidos pela imprensa e artistas militantes.
Paulo Emílio e a formação dos estudos históricos de cinema na Europa
Authors: Zanatto Rafael Morato
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo, pretendemos demonstrar como Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes participou da formação dos estudos históricos de cinema na Europa ao realizar a pesquisa sobre Jean Vigo, na qual delineia algumas reflexões sobre a recepção crítica e histórica dos filmes do cineasta a partir de fontes de pesquisa como livros, jornais e revistas de cinema, a fim de compreender dissensos e continuidades entre as críticas tecidas no calor da hora, as lembranças daqueles que haviam sido contemporâneos e a crítica histórica que então se intensificava nas décadas de 1940 e 1950 na Europa. Ao comentar a bibliografia produzida no período, Paulo Emílio irá aperfeiçoar uma estratégia de ação voltada à formação dos estudos históricos de cinema no Brasil.
Retratos de identificação
Authors: Lessa Filho Ricardo
Published: July 2019

Retratos de identificação (2014) oferece, a partir de sua montagem arquivista e cinematográfica, uma nova legibilidade histórica para as imagens realizadas pela ditadura militar brasileira – no caso, os mugshots (as famosas “fotos de prisioneiro”) e as imagens capturadas de maneira clandestina pelos militares para acusar os então “inimigos” do regime. Alçadas ao tempo, tornadas arquivos, estas imagens comprovam a profunda violência e perversão perpetradas pelos órgãos militares a partir de 1964. Assim, o artigo sondará o gesto de sobrevivência das imagens-arquivo que, elevadas ao tempo, tornaramse inscrições históricas e comprobatórias dos crimes cometidos pelo regime militar brasileiro.
“Curtindo a Vida Adoidado”
Authors: Gusmão Roney
Published: July 2019

Interessa-nos compreender a forma como o filme Curtindo a vida adoidado está articulado dialeticamente com o seu tempo histórico. Os anos 1980 foram marcados pela acentuação de valores pós-modernos e pelo recrudescimento do ideário neoliberal em franca expansão. Assim como outras produções hollywoodianas, o filme que aqui apresentamos traça o perfil ideal de um homem segundo a moralidade individualista da era Reagan.
Notas sobre Public spectacles of violence: sensational cinema and journalism in early twentieth-century Mexico and Brazil, de Rielle Navitski
Authors: Di Giacomo Carolina Azevedo
Published: July 2019

Esta resenha trata do livro Public spectacles of violence: sensational cinema and journalism in early twentieth-century Mexico and Brazil, de Rielle Navitski, que discute diferentes formas de espetacularização da violência no cinema silencioso dos dois países.
Apresentação
Authors: Morettin Eduardo Victorio
Published: July 2019

Apresentação da edição 52 de Significação: revista de cultura audiovisual