bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Recent Findings that Shed Light on the Connection
between Fat and Cancer
Authors: Pandit Parth , Shirke Chaitanya , Bhatia Nirav , Godad Angel , Belemkar Sateesh , Patel Jayshree , Zine Sandip
Published: July 2023

Obesity and cancer have been found to have a direct link in epidemiological studies. Obesity raises the risk of cancer and associated chronic disorders. Furthermore, an imbalance of ad-ipokines, like leptins, plays a crucial role in neoplasm pathogenesis, cell migration, and thereby, cancer metastasis. Also, leptin increases human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein levels through the STAT3-mediated (signal transducer and activator of transcription) upregulation of heat shock protein (Hsp90) in breast cancer cells. It has been noticed that insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) act as mitosis activators in the host and cancerous breast epithelial cells. The condition of hyperinsulinemia explains the positive association between colorectal cancer and obe-sity. Furthermore, in prostate cancer, an alteration in sex hormone levels, testosterone and dihydro-testosterone, has been reported to occur, along with increased oxidative stress, which is the actual cause of the tumors. Whereas, there have been two interconnected factors that play a crucial role in the psychological cycle concerned with lung cancer. The review article focuses on all the prospects of etiological mechanisms that have found linkage with obesity and breast, colon, lung, and prostate cancers. Furthermore, the article has also highlighted how these new insights into the processes oc-cur and, due to which reasons, obesity contributes to tumorigenesis. This review provides a detailed discussion on the progression, which can assist in the development of new and innovative tech-niques to interfere in this process, and it has been supported with insights based on evidence litera-ture on approved clinical treatments for obesity and cancer.
Virility to Fertility: An Evidence-Based Study on Traditional Herbal Aphrodisiacs
Authors: Roychoudhury Shubhadeep , Paul Choudhury Birupakshya , Pal Mahadeb , Sajid Jamal Qazi Mohammad , Kumar Jha Niraj , Kolesarova Adriana , Kumar Kesari Kavindra , Slama Petr
Published: July 2023

More than 60% of people globally rely on herbal medicines as a source of healthcare. Traditional herbal preparations can be traced back to ancient literature, folk knowledge, and ethnic practices. Traditional herbal products are preferred over synthetic drugs since these are considered more accessible, affordable, culturally acceptable, non-toxic, and sustainable. Globally 15% of couples are affected with infertility, 20-30% of which are attributed to the male factor. Fertility-enhancing drugs and hormonal methods such as testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) increase testosterone levels in males but may result in other side effects. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) remains expensive medicare throughout the world despite its widespread use, and its success rate also varies with the age of the partner, apart from other complexities. Aphrodisiacs (Greek - Aphrodisiakos: sexual) are agents that provoke sexual desire and increase performance. Aphrodisiac herbs have been in use for thousands of years by various civilizations worldwide involving the traditional healers and have been mentioned in different ancient literatures, including Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Apart from increasing sexual desire and performance, these herbs have perceived roles in enhancing fertility. Physiologically, herbal aphrodisiacs induce virility and reproductive wellbeing of men by modulating gonadal as well as neuro-endocrine systems through the interplay of hormones and biogenic substances. Unfortunately, sometimes the marketed herbal aphrodisiacs are adulterated with synthetic compounds, which necessitates further studies and validation of such preparations for widespread clinical use in the workup algorithm of patients, particularly in cases of idiopathic male infertility and erectile dysfunction. Confirmatory laboratory studies, human clinical trials and case studies will be of paramount use in validating the role of such traditional herbal medicines as aphrodisiacs in restoring virility and fertility of men who may be in need.
Folk Knowledge and Ethnobotanical Practices in Tripura, India: A Special Focus on Plants used in the Management of Pain, Inflammation and Wound
Authors: Sen Saikat , Chakraborty Raja
Published: July 2023

Plants are an important source of modern medicine. Ethnic
communities/rural people largely depend on the folk medicinal system that is not
documented systemically but could play a key role in drug discovery. Ethnobotanical
surveys are an important tool to extract such knowledge from people transmitted
mostly verbally from generation to generation. Tripura is a small state in India but is
considered a storehouse of important medicinal plants. Different tribes and local people
of Tripura use numerous plants in their daily life to meet medicinal needs. Several
ethnobotanical surveys were conducted in Tripura and documented the medicinal use
of plants. Pain, inflammation and wound are a few common problems associated with
our daily life. This chapter focused on the traditional medicinal plants used in the
treatment of pain, inflammation and wound by the people of Tripura.
An Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used by the Ethnic Group of People of the District of North 24 Parganas, Howrah, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Authors: Chakraborty Raja , Sanyal Saptarshi , Dutta Srabona , Raja Shaikh Usuf , Kumar Dubey Preet , Das Pritam , Sadhu Rahul , Dutta Koustav , Dey Prantik , Kumar Jha Sajal
Published: July 2023

The knowledge of medicinal plants, historically, was occupied by a few
specialized herbal healers in rural communities; thus, much of their use was observed
as being primarily of local interest. For the past couple of decades, medicinal plants
have been increasingly recognized for their role in health care and improving economic
status. India is one of Asia's largest countries, with the richest arrays of well-known
medicinal plants and alternative medical systems, including Ayurveda. The medicinal
plants are used as traditional medicine by the indigenous people of North 24 Parganas,
Howrah and Kolkata. The study aimed to identify the plant species used as traditional
medicines by natives in North 24 Parganas, Howrah and Kolkata, and also to describe
the method of preparation and uses of some medicinal plants. This research was
conducted in three districts of west Bengal. The information recorded includes methods
of treatment of disease, Tribal names of plants they used for treating various diseases,
parts of the plant used, preparation and mode of application, and whether the plant is
used alone or in combination with other plants. Results indicate that the indigenous
people in those districts have been using at least 33 plants as a source of medicine.
Most of these medicinal plants are commonly gathered from local areas. Common
diseases like fever, cough and cold, constipation, hypertension, tuberculosis, wounds,
etc., can be treated using medicinal plants from those three districts. Research also
found that all parts of plants are used, but leaf extracts are the most common parts of
the plant used for treating medical conditions.
Injectable In Situ Hydrogels for Regenerative Medicine Applications
Authors: Bharti Deepti , Pradhan Bikash , Banerjee Indranil , Pal Kunal
Published: July 2023

Regenerative medicine (RM) is a field of study that helps repair or restore
native tissue function which has lost its functionality due to chronic diseases and
trauma. The regeneration process can be promoted by constructing biomimetic
systems, which can support cellular growth and proliferation. In this regard, the
development of injectable hydrogels has gained enormous attention in recent times. An
arrangement of cells and bioactive molecules in the three-dimensional extracellular
matrix created by injectable gels is favorable for the regeneration of damaged tissues.
Ideally, the injectable hydrogel remains in the solution form before injection and
rapidly undergoes gelation at the physiological condition. A high water content,
mechanical strength, scope of improved functionalization, injectability, and ease of
implantation make the injectable hydrogel an ideal candidate for tissue-specific repair.
This chapter aims to concisely summarize the mechanism and recent fabrication
advancement of the injectable hydrogel that is being used in RM applications. A vast
number of injectable hydrogels have been discovered for bone, cartilage, skin, and
cardiovascular tissue regeneration, which are discussed in detail in the chapter. In gist,
it is expected that injectable hydrogels will become a promising tool for a variety of
tissue repair applications shortly.
Modification and Treatment of Wound Dressing Material
Authors: Ainul Hafiza Abdul Hair , Khairunnisa-Atiqah Mohamad-Khalid , Nyak Mazlan Nyak Syazwani , Mohd Salleh Kushairi , Zakaria Sarani
Published: July 2023

The utilisation of bio-based materials in constructing an advanced wound
dressing for regenerative medicine is not new. Due to the fundamental principle of
tissue engineering in regenerative medicine, bio-based wound dressing formulated
from by-products or animal or plant wastes could contribute significantly to healing
processes. Bio-based materials help to regenerate and replace damaged tissues and
shorten the recovery period without frequent dressing changes. The bio-based dressing
development begins with a small-scale benchwork that focuses on modifying and
treating the bio-based material before it is clinically applied for wound treatment
procedures. The modified bio-based materials then turn into functional wound dressing
in various forms such as hydrogel, membrane, sponges, film, or fibres. The dressing’s
therapeutic healing properties can be enhanced by subjecting it to physical, chemical,
and biological treatments. The dressing principle must abide by tissue engineering
needs and offer a broader range of alternatives that can clinically treat different types of
wounds based on different etiology. Therefore, this book chapter highlights the
advantages of a bio-based material and its modification for wound dressing for tissue
engineering purposes in regenerative medicine.
Current Trends and Future Perspective of Skin-Based Tissue Engineering
Authors: Subramaniam Thayaalini , Kamaruzaman Nurkhuzaiah , Mh Busra Mohd Fauzi
Published: July 2023

The skin regulates several important physiological processes which have a
significant clinical influence on wound healing. Tissue-engineered substitutes may be
used to help patients with skin damage to regenerate their epidermis and dermis. Skin
replacements are also gaining popularity in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical sectors as
a viable alternative to animal models for product testing. Recent biomedical advances,
ranging from cellular-level therapies like mesenchymal stem cell or growth factor
delivery to large-scale biofabrication techniques like 3D printing, have enabled the use
of novel strategies and biomaterials to mimic the biological, architectural, and
functional complexity of native skin. This chapter elaborates on some of the most
recent methods of skin regeneration and biofabrication that use tissue engineering
techniques. Current problems in manufacturing multilayered skin are discussed, as well
as opinions on attempts and methods to overcome such constraints. Commercially
accessible skin substitute technologies are also investigated, as an effort to mimic
native physiology, the function of regulatory authorities in facilitating translation, and
current clinical requirements. Tissue engineering may be used to develop better skin
replacements for in vitro testing and clinical applications by addressing each of these
viewpoints.
Platelet-Rich Plasma and its Derivatives for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Binti Hassan Nur Hidayah , Phang Su Wen , Xian Law Jia , Chong Pan-Pan , Ping Eng Sue
Published: July 2023

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a well-established biological product used in
the tissue engineering field to promote wound healing and tissue regeneration. PRP can
form platelet gel with the addition of thrombin and/or calcium salts. Nonetheless, PRP
is more commonly combined with biomaterial and cells for various tissue engineering
applications. Over the years, PRP has been used in the dermatology field for hair
follicle regeneration and wound healing, in the orthopaedic field for bone, muscle,
tendon, and ligament repair, and in dentistry for many dental procedures, including
dental implants. Despite the long historical use of PRP in the clinic, the PRP isolation
technique is still continuously changing, evolving, and improving to increase the
therapeutic effect of PRP. Nowadays, PRP is not only used as a biomaterial but it also
can be used to replace foetal bovine serum and human serum in primary cell culture,
especially for cell therapy purposes. PRP derivatives such as platelet lysate, platelet.derived growth factors, and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles also are precious
functional materials used clinically in the tissue engineering field. In this book chapter,
we review the different subclasses of PRP, including its derivatives, its research, and
clinical applications, and underline the challenges of PRP in clinical translations.
Nanocollagen-graphene-antibiotic for Wound Healing
Authors: Lo Samantha , Wan-Chiew Ng , Mahmoudi Ebrahim , Fauzi Mh Busra Mohd
Published: July 2023

Nanotechnology is a greatly advancing field of scientific research due to its
largely untapped potential, which may apply to various clinical uses. This book chapter
focuses on the potential use of nanocollagen, graphene, and antibiotic components in
biomaterial fabrication for wound healing. Nanocollagen is simply regular collagen
broken down to the nanometer scale. Its nanocollagen-based biomaterials also conform
to the ideals of tissue engineering, which are excellent biocompatibility with a high
bioabsorption rate and little to no antigenicity while having an extensively cross-linked
structure suitable for cellular growth and metabolism. Nanocollagen can be fabricated
through electrospinning, nanolithography, self-assembly, and others. The physiology of
wound healing follows specific proceedings, which are haemostasis, inflammation, and
remodelling stages. The wound healing process may be improved through the use of
nanocollagen biomaterials, together with the addition of graphene and antibiotics.
Nanocollagen biomaterials aid in acting as a barrier for the wound against infections
while providing collagen in the nanoscale to accelerate healing. The addition of
antibiotics into the nanocollagen biomaterial aids in preventing bacterial infection by
the inhibition of biofilm formation. Graphene, specifically in its oxide form, also acts
as an antibacterial agent while potentially providing mechanical durability to the
biomaterial scaffold. Along with the benefits of graphene oxide application in wound
healing, its challenges are discussed in this book chapter. With that, this book chapter
suggests the beneficial combinatorial factors of nanocollagen, graphene, and antibiotics
that can potentially produce biomaterials with strong antibacterial properties while
accelerating wound healing.
Mathematical Modeling of Thermal Processes in an Auxiliary Three-Phase Induction Motor of an Electric Locomotive with Unbalanced Supply Voltages and Squirrel-Cage Defects
Authors: Pustovetov Mikhail , Shukhmin Konstantin
Published: July 2023

This chapter is dedicated to the consideration of the possibility of building a
thermal computer model of an induction electric machine with a squirrel-cage rotor.
The thermal model is considered as an add-on to the computer model that describes
electrical and mechanical phenomena of the IM. Both models are included in a single
OrCAD project. The structure and components of the developed thermal model are
described. The thermal processes modeling results in an induction motor type NVA-55
as part of an auxiliary electric drive of a freight electrical locomotive are presented taking into account the unbalanced supply voltages and squirrel-cage defects.
Sinopsis del género Holocompsa Burmeister, 1838 (Blattodea: Corydiidae: Holocompsinae) en América, con énfasis en México
Authors: Estrada-Álvarez Julio C. , Sormani Carlo G.
Published: July 2023

Se presenta la información hasta la fecha del género pantropical Holocompsa Burmeister, 1838, con énfasis en México. Adicionalmente, se describe una nueva especie con base en material colectado en Yucatán, México. Se propone una guía taxonómica para las especies americanas.
Spectrum multiplexing of multiwavelength picosecond oscillation of synchronously pumped Raman laser based on a Sr(MoO_4)-=SUB=-0.8-=/SUB=-(WO_4)-=SUB=-0.2-=/SUB=- crystal
Authors: Tereshchenko D. P.  , Smetanin S. N.  , Papashvili A. G.  , Gubina K. A.  , Kochukov Y. A.  , Solokhin S. A.  , Ershkov M. N.  , Shashkov E. V.  , Shukshin V. E.  , Ivleva L. I.  , Dunaeva E. E.  , Voronina I. S.
Published: July 2023

For the first time to our knowledge, a single-phase solid solution Sr(MoO_4)0.8(WO_4)0.2 was used as an active medium of a Raman laser. Using the high-intensity synchronous picosecond pumping satisfying the condition of phase capture of the parametric Raman interaction on the second vibrational mode made it possible to oscillate six components of Raman radiation with a combined frequency shift on the first (888 cm-1) and second (327 cm-1) vibrational modes in the wavelength range of 1194-1396 nm. Oscillation efficiency of the multiwavelength Raman laser radiation was as high as 10%. By detuning the Raman laser cavity length, the pulse shortening down to 6 ps for the Raman laser radiation components with the combined frequency shift was obtained, which is an order of magnitude shorter than the pumping pulse duration (64 ps). Keywords: stimulated Raman scattering, single-phase solid solution, vibrational mode, synchronous pumping.
Resonant tunneling of photons in layered optical nanostructures (metamaterials)
Authors: M.V. Davidovich
Published: July 2023

The conditions of resonant (almost complete) tunneling of photons (plane monochromatic electromagnetic waves) through layered dielectric and metal-dielectric structures are considered. Resonant tunneling occurs at frequencies at which the resonance conditions for the corresponding structures of open resonators are met. For metal-dielectric structures, the possibility of tunneling in the optical range with a strong barrier in the IR range is shown, which can be used to control the transmission of window panes. Keywords: dielectric permittivity, homogenization, resonant tunneling, plasmons, metal nanoparticles, window panes.
Gettering effect in Cr/4H-SiC UV photodetectors under ptoton irradiation vith E=15 Mev
Authors: Nikitina I.P.  , Kalinina E.V.  , Zabrodski V.V.
Published: July 2023

The mechanism of structure transformation in Cr/4H-SiC UV photodetectors, which is responsible for the cyclic gettering of radiation defects, under repeated proton irradiation, is proposed in this work.. Keywords: vacancies, clusters, gettering.
Measuring the mobility of charge carriers in samples with low conductivity by the field effect transistor method using output characteristics
Authors: Parfenov P. S.  , Korzhenevskii I. G.  , Babaev A. A.  , Litvin. A. P.  , Sokolova A. V.  , Fedorov A. V.
Published: July 2023

FET-based charge carrier mobility measurements in low-conductivity materials, as well as semiconductor materials with a high density of trapping states, such as nanocrystals and polycrystalline films, are highly distorted due to charge accumulation in the transistor structure. In this work, a comparative study of the measurement of the mobility of charge carrier in conductive polymers, nanocrystals and polycrystalline films, using the analysis of output and transfer characteristics, was carried out. It is shown that using output characteristics instead of transfer characteristics for calculating the charge carrier mobility helps to avoid a systematic error in the measurement. Keywords: field-effect transistor, FET, charge carrier mobility, output characteristics, transfer characteristics, charge accumulation, nanocrystals.
Improved FCDI algorithm for tokamak plasma equilibrium reconstruction
Authors: Korenev P. S.  , Konkov A. E.  , Mitrishkin Y. V.  , Balachenkov I. M.  , Kiselev E. O.  , Minaev V. B.  , Sakharov N. V.  , Petrov Yu. V.
Published: July 2023

The paper presents the improved FCDI plasma equilibrium reconstruction algorithm implemented at the Globus-M2 tokamak. The algorithm has been improved to be able to operate in real time. The FCDI-FF (Fixed Filaments) operation mode was added, in which the plasma is modeled by current filaments at fixed positions. New user interface for the algorithm displays reconstructed plasma separatrix and contours of the internal magnetic surfaces, the poloidal flux distribution, and graphs of the reconstructed plasma parameters, including profiles of plasma pressure, poloidal current and safety factor q, plasma energy, poloidal beta and internal inductance, which can be exported in *.mat, *.json and G-eqdsk formats. Keywords: tokamak, equilibrium reconstruction, plasma shape.
Group ion-water interactions in aqueous solutions Na-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-SO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=- and K-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-SO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-
Authors: Morozova L.A.  , Savel'ev S.V.
Published: July 2023

In this work, for the first time, studies of aqueous solutions of Na2SO4 and K2SO4 were carried out based on the determination of the parameters of radiothermal radiation in the millimeter (mm) region of the spectrum. The developed method is based on the determination of the static dielectric constant of aqueous solutions - the absorption coefficient at a frequency of 61.2 GHz. Experimental data have been obtained to determine the value of the absorption coefficients of aqueous solutions of substances in a wide range of concentrations. A monotonous increase in the values of the absorption coefficients of solutions with a decrease in the concentration of base substances in the region of high dilutions was established with individual dynamics for each base substance. The changes in the dielectric constant recorded in the experiments reflect the total hydration changes in salt solutions outside the first hydration shell. Keywords: aqueous solutions, absorption coefficient, hydration shell.
The cascade matrix electron flow amplifier based on an electron multiplier concentrator
Authors: Il’ichev E. A.  , Kuleshov A. Y.  , Minakov P. V.  , Petrukhin G. N.  , Rychkov G. S.  , Demidova A. N.  , Korlyakov D. A.
Published: July 2023

The design and operation of a cascade matrix electron flow amplifier based on an electron concentrator multiplier is considered. Unlike classical microchannel plates, the proposed amplifier can provide a high density of output current, which also allows it to be used as a field cathode in vacuum microelectronics of giga and terahertz ranges. Keywords: Microchannel plate, secondary emission, screening, electron concentrator multiplier, field cathode.
Near-cathode plasma and gas-dynamic processes during the formation of a spark discharge in air at atmospheric pressure in the gap point-plane
Authors: Almazova K. I .  , Amirova A. A.  , Belonogov A. N.  , Borovkov V. V.  , Kurbanismailov V. S .  , Ragimkhanov G. B .  , Tereshonok D. V .  , Trenkin A. A.  , Khalikova Z.R.
Published: July 2023

Using the method of shadow photographing, the formation of a spark discharge in the "tip (cathode)-plane" interval with a length of 1.5 mm is investigated. Two types of shock waves have been registered cylindrical, created when the discharge channel expands, and cathode, presumably generated by cathode flares near the surface of the tip electrode. The computational and theoretical consideration of the proposed mechanism is carried out. Keywords: gas discharge, microstructure, electron temperature, degree of gas ionization.
Creation of an antireflection coating for the optical range based on a nanoporous germanium layer formed by implantation with indium ions
Authors: Stepanov A. L.  , Nuzhdin V. I.  , Valeev V. F.  , Konovalov A. L.  , Rogov A. M.
Published: July 2023

The possibility of using a nanoporous Ge layer formed by implantation with 115In+ ions on a monocrystal c-Ge substrate as an antireflection optical coating (In:PGe) was studied. For this purpose, ion implantation of c-Ge wafers was performed at an energy E=30 keV, current density in the ion beam J=5 μA/cm2, and dose D=1.8· 1016 ion/cm2. It was shown that the fabricated In:PGe spongy layer, which consists of intertwining Ge nanowires, is characterized by a low reflectivity (~ 5%) in a wide optical spectral range of 250-1050 nm. Keywords: nanoporous germanium, ion implantation, antireflection optical coating.
The effect of the duration of laser pulses on the spectral-temporal characteristics of laser plasma in femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of human hair
Authors: Ankushev A.S.  , Golik S. S.  , Borovskiy A. V.  , Mayor A. Yu.  , Lisitsa V. V.  , Babyi M. Yu.
Published: July 2023

The effect of the duration of laser pulses of 40 and 650 fs with an energy of 1.1 mJ at a wavelength of 800 nm on the spectral-temporal characteristics of plasma during femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of human hair has been studied. The time dependences of the radiation line intensities of Ca I 422.6 nm, C I 193.1 nm, C I 247.8 nm, Ca II 396.8 nm, Mg II 279.5 nm, Zn II 206.2 nm and the continuous plasma spectrum in the range from 0 to 1 μs are obtained Keywords: emission spectrum, laser plasma, human hair.
Beryllium sputtering yields by hydrogen isotopes bombardment
Authors: Babenko P. Yu.  , Mikhailov V. S.  , Zinoviev A. N.
Published: July 2023

Using computer simulation, the sputtering coefficients of a beryllium target upon bombardment with hydrogen isotopes in the particle energy range 8 eV-100 keV and the dependences of the sputtering coefficients on the angle of incidence of the beam are obtained. Obtained results allow to estimate the sputtering of the ITER first wall and the entry of beryllium impurities into the hot plasma zone. Formulas are proposed for estimating the energy sputtering threshold and describing the sputtering coefficient dependence on the angle of incidence of the beam. Keywords: Sputtering yield, interatomic potential, hydrogen isotopes, beryllium.
Patterns and Trends in Mortality Associated With and Due to Diabetes Mellitus in a Transitioning Region With 3.17 Million People: Observational Study
Authors: Li Xiaopan , Liu Ru , Chen Yichen , Han Yan , Wang Qizhe , Xu Yaxin , Zhou Jing , Jiang Sunfang
Published: July 2023

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) imposes a significant disease burden in economically transitioning regions. Most transitioning regions share similar experience in urbanization processes. Shanghai’s Pudong district serves as a representative area of such regions.

Objective

We aimed to assess the burden of and trends in DM mortality in Shanghai’s Pudong district and analyze the impact of aging and multimorbidity.

Methods

A longitudinal, population-based study was conducted to analyze DM mortality in Pudong from 2005 to 2020. We used joinpoint regression to analyze epidemiological features and long-term trends in crude mortality rate (CMR), age-standardized mortality rate worldwide (ASMRW), and years of life lost (YLL). Furthermore, the decomposition method was used to evaluate the contribution of demographic and nondemographic factors associated with mortality.

Results

There were 49,414 deaths among individuals with DM, including 15,512 deaths due to DM. The CMR and ASMRW were 109.55/105 and 38.01/105 person-years, respectively. Among the mortality associated with and due to DM, the total annual ASMRW increased by 3.65% (95% CI 3.25%-4.06%) and 1.38% (95% CI 0.74%-2.02%), respectively. Additionally, the total annual YLL rate increased by 4.98% (95% CI 3.92%-6.05%) and 2.68% (95% CI 1.34%-4.04%). The rates of YLL increase in persons aged 30 to 44 years (3.98%, 95% CI 0.32%-7.78%) and 45 to 59 years (4.31%, 95% CI 2.95%-5.69%) were followed by the increase in persons aged 80 years and older (10.53%, 95% CI 9.45%-11.62%) for deaths associated with DM. The annual CMR attributable to demographic factors increased by 41.9% (95% CI 17.73%-71.04%) and 36.72% (95% CI 16.69%-60.2%) for deaths associated with and due to DM, respectively. Hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, and ischemic heart disease were the top 3 comorbidities.

Conclusions

Aging and multimorbidity played essential roles in changing the burden of DM in an urbanizing and transitioning region. There is an increasing disease burden among young and middle-aged people, emphasizing the need for greater attention to these groups. Health management is an emerging method that holds important implications for alleviating the future burden of DM.
Cultivating Agents of Change in Medical Students: Addressing the Overdose Epidemic in the United States Through Enhancing Knowledge of Multimodal Pain Medicine and Increasing Accessibility via Open-Access, Web-Based Medical Education and Technology
Authors: Miao Julia H
Published: July 2023

Medical students of today will soon be physician leaders and teachers of tomorrow about important relevant topics including the overdose epidemic and its devastating impact on our society. In the United States, the overdose crisis, including drug opioid–related overdoses, the increasing prevalence of opioid use disorder along with the increasing number of patients with chronic pain are intensifying and call attention for nationwide action. A strong medical educational foundation of the understanding of the relationship between pain and substance use disorder, their treatment including opioid analgesic therapy, multimodal and interdisciplinary care, and long-term management is needed to help cultivate comprehensive knowledge and training to prepare the next generation’s frontline practitioners to meet these needs. Yet, traditional educational curricula covering these topics are not standardized in medical schools across the nation in the United States. The advent of web-based medical education and the integration of this technology may offer potential solutions to these challenges. Often found equally effective as in-person learning, web-based medical education through open-access modules and other technologies can help increase accessibility, enhance knowledge of multimodal pain management, safe and effective use of opioid analgesics, and other related topics, and provide flexible and powerful teaching initiatives. Our viewpoint is thus that open-access modules and other technology-integrated teaching initiatives can help deliver excellence in pain education, preparing and empowering medical students—our future agents of change—who will be at the forefront of the overdose epidemic.
Effect of Technology and Digital Media Use on Adolescent Health and Development: Protocol for a Multimethod Longitudinal Study (Preprint)
Authors: Cascio Christopher N , Selkie Ellen , Moreno Megan A
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Technology and digital media (TDM) use is integral to modern adolescence; adolescents have been labeled as “digital natives,” since they have had exposure to digital technology for their entire lives. Previous evidence has illustrated TDM’s connections with adolescent risk behaviors such as increased alcohol use and social media exposure, as well as relationships with adolescent well-being such as improved socioemotional health and social media connections with peers. Although several recent review articles have described both the benefits and risks of technology use, most individual studies adopt a singular risk-centered approach. In addition, reviews suggest that little evidence exists on the potential mediating and moderating factors between TDM use and well-being and health outcomes, which limits our understanding of what influences the outcomes of interest. Therefore, there is an urgent need to fill these gaps.

OBJECTIVE

This protocol addresses the need to understand how TDM exposure and use affect multiple developmental domains and health outcomes. We address the fragmented nature of previous research, the common focus on single behaviors or conditions, and the typical narrow lens on risks. Our approach further aligns with reviews that called for studies identifying and investigating the factors that moderate the relationships between social media and health behaviors and outcomes.

METHODS

We will address our objective by longitudinally examining over a 2-year period a common set of adolescent participants (N=400, aged 13-15 years) across 3 studies that adopt a multimethodological approach. Study 1 will use TDM to understand the mechanisms behind adolescent health and risk behaviors. Study 2 will use functional magnetic resonance imaging to understand how positive and negative TDM experiences relate to mental and behavioral health in a subsample of 150 adolescents. Study 3 will use a mixed methods design to evaluate self- and other-generated TDM content as the predictors of socioemotional well-being in sexual and gender minority and non–sexual and gender minority adolescents.

RESULTS

Recruitment is ongoing, and the initial results from the first wave of recruitment are expected in 2024.

CONCLUSIONS

This integrated approach to longitudinal data collection from a shared adolescent participant pool will lead to novel analyses and findings, allowing for the examination of the health and well-being risks and benefits associated with TDM use and factors that moderate these relationships. The findings from this study will advance conceptual models and inform new interventions to improve adolescent health.

CLINICALTRIAL

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/50984
Online Migration of Services Catalyzed by the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Community Based Pain Clinic: A Mixed Method Study of the Perspective from Providers, Patients and Staff (Preprint)
Authors: Lau Brenda , Abreu Emmanuel , Singh Neha , Venkataraman Tameus , McParland Aidan , Zhang Kai
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients living with chronic pain (CP) have experienced more frequent pain flare-ups with reduced access to routine pain management services. Many healthcare centers pivoted their operations to an online approach.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the transition from in-person to online services in a community-based pain clinic for patients with CP from the perspective of providers, patients, and implementers.

METHODS

The study followed a cross-sectional, concurrent mixed methods approach. The study primarily used quantitative methods, while qualitative data was used to contextualize patient and provider experiences. The study period was January 1st, 2019, to December 31st, 2021. Data regarding change in appointment volumes was derived from the Electronic Medical Record and analyzed using SPSS. There were two respondent groups – First, providers who consisted of doctors, allied health professionals, facilitators, management and support staff. The second group consisted of patients. These patients were randomly selected from among those who had a minimum of one encounter of care in 2021. Email questionnaires were sent to both groups. 44 providers and 1721 patients answered the questionnaire.

RESULTS

84,853 Encounters of Care (EOC) were analyzed. Some services experienced a 300% increase; others, formally on-site, experienced a decline of -70%. 86% of providers felt comfortable delivering care virtually and aim to continue even when it is not mandatory.
Subjects using virtual care lived within an average 64.3 km distance from the facility. 75% of patients were satisfied with the delivery of virtual care for their chronic pain. Patients and facilitators both expressed that virtual mode reduces barriers and hence improves access.

CONCLUSIONS

Migration from in-person to online services created many challenges for the team ranging from technological limitations, patient comfort with online platforms, and increased demands on the staff for patient support and billing. Telemedicine demonstrated to be a powerful tool to increase care access for patients with CP. More research is required to understand the efficacy of the interventions using standardized metrics.
Siamese-Network Based Signature Verification using Self Supervised Learning
Authors: Mayda Muhammad Fawwaz , Musdholifah Aina
Published: July 2023

The use of signatures is often encountered in various public documents ranging from academic documents to business documents that are a sign that the existence of signatures is crucial in various administrative processes. The frequent use of signatures does not mean a procedure without loopholes, but we must remain vigilant against signature falsification carried out with various motives behind it. Therefore, in this study, a signature verification system was developed that could prevent the falsification of signatures in public documents by using digital imagery of existing signatures. This study used neural networks with siamese network-based architectures that also empower self-supervised learning techniques to improve accuracy in the realm of limited data. The final evaluation of the machine learning method used gets a maximum accuracy of 83% and this result is better than the machine learning model that does not involve self-supervised learning methods.
Klasifikasi Suara Untuk Memonitori Hutan Berbasis Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Fadhillah Rizqi Fathin , Sumiharto Raden
Published: July 2023

Forest has an important role on earth. The need to monitor forest from illegal activities and the types of animals in there is needed to keep the forest in good condition. However, the condition of the vast forest and limited resource make direct forest monitoring by officer (human) is limited. In this case, sound with digital signal processing can be used as a tool for forest monitoring. In this study, a system was implemented to classify sound on the Raspberry Pi 3B+ using mel-spectrogram. Sounds that classified are the sound of chainsaw, gunshot, and the sound of 8 species of bird. This study also compared pretrained VGG-16 and MobileNetV3 as feature extractor, and several classification methods, namely Random Forest, SVM, KNN, and MLP. To vary and increase the number of training data, we used several types of data augmentation, namely add noise, time stretch, time shift, and pitch shift. Based on the result of this study, it was found that the MobileNetV3-Small + MLP model with combined training data from time stretch and time shift augmentation provide the best performance to be implemented in this system, with an inference duration of 0.8 seconds; 93.96% accuracy; and 94.1% precision.
Evaluation of Natural Suitability of Human Settlements Environment in Hangzhou Based on GIS
Authors: Gao Fei , Wang Ruei-Yuan
Published: July 2023

Taking Hangzhou City as the study area, Geographic Information System (GIS) technology was used, selecting natural factors such as terrain, vegetation, climate, and hydrology for analysis. On the basis of evaluating the suitability of a single factor of human settlements, a Human Settlements Environment Index (HEI) is constructed to explore the natural suitability characteristics and spatial differences of human settlements in Hangzhou. The research results indicate that the natural suitability index of the human settlement environment in Hangzhou is between 0.06 and 0.93, with the overall pattern being the highest in the central region and gradually decreasing towards the northeast and southwest. The distribution area of more suitable areas is the widest, accounting for 26.55% of the province's area. The land area of highly suitable areas accounts for 22.69%, while the area of generally suitable areas accounts for 20.69%. The area of critical suitable areas and unsuitable areas is relatively low, accounting for 13.10% and 16.97%, respectively. Especially for the urban area of Hangzhou, low terrain undulation and flat terrain are its advantageous natural conditions, but its vegetation cover, climate, and hydrological conditions are inferior to other research areas except for the urban area. Therefore, based on the comprehensive analysis, its HEI is lower than the surrounding areas.
Modelling & Simulation of a Hybrid Microgrid System Using Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Janbandhu Nilima , Wakte Ganesh
Published: July 2023

Abstract: The rapid growth of industries and load consumption increases the energy demand that needs to fulfilling this energy demand can be obtained from various alternative sources has much importance. The novel hybrid renewable energy system consists of different sources such as the Photovoltaic (PV) system, Wind Energy system (PMSG), Fuel Cell, and the AC source are implemented as energy sources.
Progressive Collapse Assessment of High-Rise Framed Structure Using ETABS Software
Authors: Kumar Sonu , Shrivastava Dr. Gunjan
Published: July 2023

Abstract: The structures generally get collapse due to the failure of one or a few structural components which then progresses over the successive of other components. This process is referred as progressive collapse of the structure. Local damage that initiates progressive collapse is called initiating damage. In order to study the collapse in analytical way, loading pattern or boundary conditions are required to be changed so that other structural elements within the structure are loaded beyond their capacity. This leads to development of alternative load paths to initiate the redistribution of loads.
Braille Script Translator
Authors: p u Ms. Shivaganga , Devangavi Dr. Kanta D
Published: July 2023

Abstract: The significance of interpersonal communication is examined in this study. Blind individuals utilize a variety of writing systems, including Braille, which bears the name of its creator, Louis Braille. By lightly pressing the raised dots on the Braille sheet with the tips of one's fingers, one may read the Braille script, which varies depending on the language. There is a Braille to Text/Speech converter available for blind persons who struggle to read due to visual impairment. The objective of this project is to create a system that can generate speech and text from images that have been transcribed in Braille. It applies to everyone.
Computational Analysis and Molecular Docking Approach for Liver Cancer
Authors: Kumari Uma , Tripathi Kartik
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Liver cancer is a serious worldwide medical concern, with death rates that are alarmingly higher than those of other types of cancer. It kills roughly 700,000 people annually, necessitating immediate attention and effective strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) are the most prevalent aggressive liver tumors, with uncommon variants such as fibrolamellar carcinoma and hepatoblastoma contributing to the disease burden. Computational analysis and molecular docking techniques are valuable tools in studying liver cancer. In this study, research was conducted via molecular docking analysis using the 3D structure of human ornithine aminotransferase with a bound intermediate molecule (PDB ID: 7JX9). This approach allows for the investigation of potential interactions between the target protein and ligands. Two ligands, Vinblastine and 5-Fluorouracil, were selected for molecular docking against the target protein. Vinblastine, derived from the plant Vincarosea Linnaeus, is an anticancer alkaloid that hinders microtubule development by interacting with tubulin. 5-Fluorouracil, a synthetic compound resembling the nucleobase uracil, functions as an antimetabolite and inhibits tumor growth. The docking analysis revealed that both ligands were able to bind to the target protein, and specific amino acid residues within the A-domain were identified as involved in the binding of Vinblastine. The docking results were visualized and analyzed using PyMol software. The analysis provided insights into the interactions between the target protein and ligands, shedding light on potential binding sites and affinity. The grid scoring was used in AutodockVina's docking procedure to determine how well the protein receptor might bind to the ligands. The calculated grid scores from the analysis showed that Vinblastine (with x-center = -38.8, y-center = -16.7 and z-center = -10.20) and 5- Fluorouracil (with x-center = -36.0, y-center = -19.7, z-center = -10.5).It was seen that the ligand with the lowest grid score is 5- Fluorouracil, with an x-center = -36.0, y-center = -19.7, z-center = -10.5.A ligand's binding energy is directly proportional to its grid score, meaning that a lower score indicates a higher binding energy. If the ligand has a lower grid score, it is predicted to have a stronger affinity for the protein.
Kore: A Friend in Web Development
Authors: Koneti Chandrakant , Rechintala Likhith Reddy , Koneti Jaya Sriharshita
Published: July 2023

Abstract: The technological breakthroughs and innovations that are taking on across the world today are endless. Things are getting indisputably simple in all imaginable ways. Technologies simplify people’s lives, as they perfectly fill the void and propel people towards a solution. Nowadays, people tend to endorse the technical advancements that ease their life. Anything that bridges the gap between people's issues and solutions gets highly upvoted. But these technological advancements bring the necessity of extreme technical abilities that might be a hindrance for a few people to get a hand on them. In today's modern era, web applications have an extraordinary impact on people's lives. They play a significant role in individuals' lives, as well as in enterprises. However, developing one is tiresome. A few open-source softwares exist that expedite the web application generation process. "JHipster" is one such software that assists people in generating a web application. However, working with JHipster is a bit challenging as people need insights into the technical aspects. To address this issue, we propose a solution, "Kore". Kore is a creative approach to minimising a person's effort to generate a web application. This paper discusses the implementation of Kore and its role in solving the above-discussed issues. Kore can demolish the impediments and assists people wanting to generate a web application effortlessly and lets them experience the impact of these technological advancements
Real-Time Krylov Theory for Quantum Computing Algorithms
Authors: Shen Yizhi , Klymko Katherine , Sud James , Williams-Young David B. , Jong Wibe A. de , Tubman Norm M.
Published: July 2023

Quantum computers provide new avenues to access ground and excited state properties of systems otherwise difficult to simulate on classical hardware. New approaches using subspaces generated by real-time evolution have shown efficiency in extracting eigenstate information, but the full capabilities of such approaches are still not understood. In recent work, we developed the variational quantum phase estimation (VQPE) method, a compact and efficient real-time algorithm to extract eigenvalues on quantum hardware. Here we build on that work by theoretically and numerically exploring a generalized Krylov scheme where the Krylov subspace is constructed through a parametrized real-time evolution, which applies to the VQPE algorithm as well as others. We establish an error bound that justifies the fast convergence of our spectral approximation. We also derive how the overlap with high energy eigenstates becomes suppressed from real-time subspace diagonalization and we visualize the process that shows the signature phase cancellations at specific eigenenergies. We investigate various algorithm implementations and consider performance when stochasticity is added to the target Hamiltonian in the form of spectral statistics. To demonstrate the practicality of such real-time evolution, we discuss its application to fundamental problems in quantum computation such as electronic structure predictions for strongly correlated systems.