bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(Non-)Thermal Production of WIMPs during Kination
Authors: Visinelli Luca
Published: October 2018

Understanding the nature of the Dark Matter (DM) is one of the current challenges in modern astrophysics and cosmology. Knowing the properties of the DM particle would shed light on physics beyond the Standard Model and even provide us with details of the early Universe. In fact, the detection of such a relic would bring us information from the pre-Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) period, an epoch from which we have no direct data, and could even hint at inflation physics. In this work, we assume that the expansion rate of the Universe after inflation is governed by the kinetic energy of a scalar field ϕ , in the so-called “kination” model. Adding to previous work on the subject, we assume that the ϕ field decays into both radiation and DM particles, which we take to be Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The present abundance of WIMPs is then fixed during the kination period through either a thermal “freeze-out” or “freeze-in” mechanism, or through a non-thermal process governed by the decay of ϕ . We explore the parameter space of this theory with the requirement that the present WIMP abundance provides the correct relic budget. Requiring that BBN occurs during the standard cosmological scenario sets a limit on the temperature at which the kination period ends. Using this limit and assuming the WIMP has a mass m χ = 100 GeV, we obtain that the thermally averaged WIMP annihilation cross section has to satisfy the constraints 4 × 10 − 16 GeV − 2 ≲ ⟨ σ v ⟩ ≲ 2 × 10 − 5 GeV − 2 in order for having at least one of the production mechanism to yield the observed amount of DM. This result shows how the properties of the WIMP particle, if ever measured, can yield information on the pre-BBN content of the Universe.
Pressurized Solvent Extraction with Ethyl Acetate and Liquid Chromatography—Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Selected Conazole Fungicides in Matcha
Authors: Raina-Fulton Renata , Mohamad Aisha A.
Published: October 2018

The extraction of powdered nutraceuticals is challenging due to the low water content and high concentration of matrix components that can lead to significant matrix effects in liquid chromatography-positive ion electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI+-MS/MS). In this study we assess the feasibility of using pressurized solvent extraction with ethyl acetate to reduce the co-extraction of polar matrix components. Pigment attributed to chlorophyll was removed with in-cell clean-up utilizing Anasorb 747, Florisil®, and C18. Visible inspection of the extracts showed that pigment was removed from matcha, a powdered green tea sample. Pressurized solvent extraction with in-cell clean-up can be utilized to remove pigments from powdered samples such as nutraceuticals. Average matrix effect of the 32 target analytes that observed mass spectrometric signal suppression or soft MS signal enhancement was −41 ± 19% with the majority of analytes having a protonated molecular ion with m/z of 250 to 412. As generally moderate signal suppression was observed for conazole fungicides and structurally related compounds analyzed by LC-ESI+-MS/MS, it is recommended that matrix matched or standard addition calibration is used for quantitation. Catachins, other polyphenols, and caffeine are expected to contribute to the matrix effects observed in LC-ESI+-MS/MS. Diniconazole, fenbuconazole, and tebufenozide were the only target analytes with severe MS signal enhancement. Low levels (0.002–0.004 mg/kg) of prothioconazole-desthio and flusilazole were detected, along with trace levels of tebuthiuron in matcha.
Repellency, Toxicity, Gene Expression Profiling and In Silico Studies to Explore Insecticidal Potential of Melaleuca alternifolia Essential Oil against Myzus persicae
Authors: Chohan Talha Ali , Chohan Tahir Ali , Zhou Lijun , Yang Qianqian , Min Liao , Cao Haiqun
Published: October 2018

In the current study, deterrent assay, contact bioassay, lethal concentration (LC) analysis and gene expression analysis were performed to reveal the repellent or insecticidal potential of M. alternifolia oil against M. persicae. M. alternifolia oil demonstrated an excellent deterrence index (0.8) at 2 g/L after 48 h. The oil demonstrated a pronounced contact mortality rate (72%) at a dose of 4 g/L after 24 h. Probit analysis was performed to estimate LC-values of M. alternifolia oil (40%) against M. persicae (LC30 = 0.115 g/L and LC50 = 0.37 g/L respectively) after 24 h. Furthermore, to probe changes in gene expression due to M. alternifolia oil contact in M. persicae, the expression of HSP 60, FPPS I, OSD, TOL and ANT genes were examined at doses of LC30 and LC50. Four out of the five selected genes—OSD, ANT, HSP 60 and FPPS I—showed upregulation at LC50, whereas, TOL gene showed maximum upregulation expression at LC30. Finally, the major components of M. alternifolia oil (terpinen-4-ol) were docked and MD simulated into the related proteins of the selected genes to explore ligand–protein modes of interactions and changes in gene expression. The results show that M. alternifolia oil has remarkable insecticidal and deterrent effects and also has the ability to affect the reproduction and development in M. persicae by binding to proteins.
Aptamers and Aptasensors for Highly Specific Recognition and Sensitive Detection of Marine Biotoxins: Recent Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Zhao Lianhui , Huang Yunfei , Dong Yiyang , Han Xutiange , Wang Sai , Liang Xingguo
Published: October 2018

Marine biotoxins distribute widely, have high toxicity, and can be easily accumulated in water or seafood, exposing a serious threat to consumer health. Achieving specific and sensitive detection is the most effective way to prevent emergent issues caused by marine biotoxins; however, the previous detection methods cannot meet the requirements because of ethical or technical drawbacks. Aptamers, a kind of novel recognition element with high affinity and specificity, can be used to fabricate various aptasensors (aptamer-based biosensors) for sensitive and rapid detection. In recent years, an increasing number of aptamers and aptasensors have greatly promoted the development of marine biotoxins detection. In this review, we summarized the recent aptamer-related advances for marine biotoxins detection and discussed their perspectives. Firstly, we summarized the sequences, selection methods, affinity, secondary structures, and the ion conditions of all aptamers to provide a database-like information; secondly, we summarized the reported aptasensors for marine biotoxins, including principles, detection sensitivity, linear detection range, etc.; thirdly, on the basis of the existing reports and our own research experience, we forecast the development prospects of aptamers and aptasensors for marine biotoxins detection. We hope this review not only provides a comprehensive summary of aptamer selection and aptasensor development for marine biotoxins, but also arouses a broad readership amongst academic researchers and industrial chemists.
Accumulation and Elimination Dynamics of the Hydroxybenzoate Saxitoxin Analogues in Mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis Exposed to the Toxic Marine Dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum
Authors: Reis Costa Pedro , Braga Ana Catarina , Turner Andrew D.
Published: October 2018

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is a severe food-borne illness, caused by the ingestion of seafood containing paralytic shellfish toxins (PST), which are naturally produced by marine dinoflagellates and accumulate in shellfish during algae blooms. Novel PST, designated as hydroxybenzoate analogues (also known as GC toxins), was relatively recently discovered in Gymnodinium catenatum strains worldwide. However, to date, there have been no studies examining their accumulation in shellfish. In this study, mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were exposed to G. catenatum for five days and then exposed to a non-toxic diet for 24 h, to investigate the toxin’s accumulation/elimination dynamics. As determined by UHPLC-HILIC-MS/MS, the hydroxybenzoate analogues, GC1 to GC6, comprised 41% of the algae toxin profile and only 9% in mussels. Elimination of GC toxins after 24 h was not evident. This study highlights that a relevant fraction of PST in mussels are not routinely analysed in monitoring programs and that there is a need to better understand the toxicological potential of the hydroxybenzoate analogues, in order to properly address the risk of G. catenatum blooms.
Current Status and Future Opportunities of Omics Tools in Mycotoxin Research
Authors: Eshelli Manal , Qader M. Mallique , Jambi Ebtihaj J. , Hursthouse Andrew S. , Rateb Mostafa E.
Published: October 2018

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of low molecular weight produced by filamentous fungi, such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium spp. Mycotoxins are natural contaminants of agricultural commodities and their prevalence may increase due to global warming. Dangerous mycotoxins cause a variety of health problems not only for humans, but also for animals. For instance, they possess carcinogenic, immunosuppressive, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and neurotoxic effects. Hence, various approaches have been used to assess and control mycotoxin contamination. Significant challenges still exist because of the complex heterogeneous nature of food composition. The potential of combined omics approaches such as metabolomics, genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics would contribute to our understanding about pathogen fungal crosstalk as well as strengthen our ability to identify, isolate, and characterise mycotoxins pre and post-harvest. Multi-omics approaches along with advanced analytical tools and chemometrics provide a complete annotation of such metabolites produced before/during the contamination of crops. We have assessed the merits of these individual and combined omics approaches and their promising applications to mitigate the issue of mycotoxin contamination. The data included in this review focus on aflatoxin, ochratoxin, and patulin and would be useful as benchmark information for future research.
New Insights into the Evolutionary and Genomic Landscape of Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV) based on Nine MCV1 and Six MCV2 Complete Genome Sequences
Authors: Zorec Tomaž M. , Kutnjak Denis , Hošnjak Lea , Kušar Blanka , Trčko Katarina , Kocjan Boštjan J. , Li Yu , Križmarić Miljenko , Miljković Jovan , Ravnikar Maja , Poljak Mario
Published: October 2018

Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is the sole member of the Molluscipoxvirus genus and the causative agent of molluscum contagiosum (MC), a common skin disease. Although it is an important and frequent human pathogen, its genetic landscape and evolutionary history remain largely unknown. In this study, ten novel complete MCV genome sequences of the two most common MCV genotypes were determined (five MCV1 and five MCV2 sequences) and analyzed together with all MCV complete genomes previously deposited in freely accessible sequence repositories (four MCV1 and a single MCV2). In comparison to MCV1, a higher degree of nucleotide sequence conservation was observed among MCV2 genomes. Large-scale recombination events were identified in two newly assembled MCV1 genomes and one MCV2 genome. One recombination event was located in a newly identified recombinant region of the viral genome, and all previously described recombinant regions were re-identified in at least one novel MCV genome. MCV genes comprising the identified recombinant segments have been previously associated with viral interference with host T-cell and NK-cell immune responses. In conclusion, the two most common MCV genotypes emerged along divergent evolutionary pathways from a common ancestor, and the differences in the heterogeneity of MCV1 and MCV2 populations may be attributed to the strictness of the constraints imposed by the host immune response.
Research on Class-Based Storage Strategies for Flood Control Materials Based on Grey Clustering
Authors: Wang Wei , Huang Li , Le Weiwei , Zhang Yu , Ji Peng , Proverbs David
Published: October 2018

Scientific and rational class-based storage can effectively improve the management level of flood control materials, providing assurance for the material support that is essential in flood control. Based on an analysis of the three key factors—importance, cost, and reserve—of flood control materials and combined with the correlations of different classes of materials, a comprehensive evaluation index system and a class-based model for these materials are developed using the grey clustering method. An empirical analysis is also conducted based on the realistic requirements of a warehouse of the Jiangsu provincial water conservancy and flood control materials reserve centre, which results in the proposal of a class-based materials storage strategy for this warehouse.
Assessing the Hydrologic Impacts of Land Use Change in the Taihu Lake Basin of China from 1985 to 2010
Authors: Li Pengcheng , Li Hengpeng , Yang Guishan , Zhang Qi , Diao Yaqin
Published: October 2018

In recent decades, the land use patterns in the Taihu Lake Basin (TLB) have undergone tremendous change. Assessing the response of land surface hydrological processes caused by land use change is conducive to basin water resource management and the prevention of urban flooding. The water yield under different land use scenarios in 1985, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 were calculated by the STREAM model. During the study period of 1985–2010, the contribution of farmland to the total water yield decreased from 47.20% to 35.2%. The contribution of construction land to the total water yield increased from 10.50% to 25.82%. There was a significant spatial difference in the growth of the water yield in 1985–2010. The Pudong sub-region, Puxi sub-region, Yangchengdianmao sub-region, and the Wuchengxiyu sub-region, with relatively faster urban development, also had higher water yield growth rates. During the study period, the growth rate of water yields in towns showed a spatial clustering feature. MI increased from 0.22 to 0.38, indicating that this spatial clustering feature had an increasing trend. The results of an LISA analysis showed that there was a significant spatial difference in the growth rate of water yield in the TLB. The high growth centers are mainly located in the north of the basin, while the low growth centers are mainly located in the southwest of the basin. At the same time, the center of the high growth rate of water yield showed a certain trend of expansion and transfer. Regression analysis showed that urban development had a significant impact on water yield; for every increase of 1 km2 of construction land in the TLB, there was an increase of water yield of more than 300,000 m3. Further study indicated that the growth of local water production in TLB was much higher than the average value of the basin, and it was significantly related to the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita.
Future Climate Change and Its Impact on Runoff Generation from the Debris-Covered Inylchek Glaciers, Central Tian Shan, Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Hagg Wilfried , Mayr Elisabeth , Mannig Birgit , Reyers Mark , Schubert David , Pinto Joaquim G. , Peters Juliane , Pieczonka Tino , Juen Martin , Bolch Tobias , Paeth Heiko , Mayer Christoph
Published: October 2018

The heavily debris-covered Inylchek glaciers in the central Tian Shan are the largest glacier system in the Tarim catchment. It is assumed that almost 50% of the discharge of Tarim River are provided by glaciers. For this reason, climatic changes, and thus changes in glacier mass balance and glacier discharge are of high impact for the whole region. In this study, a conceptual hydrological model able to incorporate discharge from debris-covered glacier areas is presented. To simulate glacier melt and subsequent runoff in the past (1970/1971–1999/2000) and future (2070/2071–2099/2100), meteorological input data were generated based on ECHAM5/MPI-OM1 global climate model projections. The hydrological model HBV-LMU was calibrated by an automatic calibration algorithm using runoff and snow cover information as objective functions. Manual fine-tuning was performed to avoid unrealistic results for glacier mass balance. The simulations show that annual runoff sums will increase significantly under future climate conditions. A sensitivity analysis revealed that total runoff does not decrease until the glacier area is reduced by 43%. Ice melt is the major runoff source in the recent past, and its contribution will even increase in the coming decades. Seasonal changes reveal a trend towards enhanced melt in spring, but a change from a glacial-nival to a nival-pluvial runoff regime will not be reached until the end of this century.
Detecting Snowfall Events over Mountainous Areas Using Optical Imagery
Authors: Wang Jiangeng , Zhang Yonghong , Cheng Yinyi , Zhang Xueliang , Feng Xuezhi , Huang Wei , Zhou Hao
Published: October 2018

Snowfall over mountainous areas not only has important implications on the water cycle and the Earth’s radiation balance, but also causes potentially hazardous weather. However, snowfall detection remains one of the most difficult problems in modern hydrometeorology. We present a method for detecting snowfall events from optical satellite data for seasonal snow in mountainous areas. The proposed methodology is based on identifying expanded snow cover or suddenly declined snow grain size using time series images, from which it is possible to detect the location and time of snowfall events. The methodology was tested with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily radiance data for an entire hydrologic year from July 2014 to June 2015 in the mountainous area of the Manas River Basin, Northwest China. The study evaluated the recordings of precipitation events at eighteen meteorological stations in the study area prove the effectiveness of the proposed method, showing that there was more liquid precipitation in the second and third quarter, and more solid precipitation in the first and fourth quarter.
Impact of Changes of Land Use on Water Quality, from Tropical Forest to Anthropogenic Occupation: A Multivariate Approach
Authors: Rodríguez-Romero Alexis Joseph , Rico-Sánchez Axel Eduardo , Mendoza-Martínez Erick , Gómez-Ruiz Andrea , Sedeño-Díaz Jacinto Elías , López-López Eugenia
Published: October 2018

Worldwide, it is acknowledged that changes of land use influence water quality; however, in tropical forests, the relationship between land use and water quality is still poorly understood. This study assessed spatial and seasonal variations in water quality, and the relationship between water quality and changes of land use in the Bobos-Nautla River, whose upper course runs across a patch of a tropical cloud forest. Spatial and seasonal variations in water quality and land use were assessed with multivariate tools. A cluster analysis, as well as a Principal Component Analysis (PCA-3D), identified three groups of sites: (1) an upper portion, which showed the best water quality and the broadest natural vegetation coverage; (2) a middle course, with high nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations associated with extensive agricultural uses; and (3) a lower course, characterized by the highest levels of total and fecal coliforms, as well as ammonia nitrogen, associated with the highest percentage of urbanization and human settlements. Our findings demonstrate the impact of changes of land use on water quality of rivers running through cloud forests in tropical zones, which are currently endangered ecosystems.
Flash-Flood Forecasting in an Andean Mountain Catchment—Development of a Step-Wise Methodology Based on the Random Forest Algorithm
Authors: Muñoz Paul , Orellana-Alvear Johanna , Willems Patrick , Célleri Rolando
Published: October 2018

Flash-flood forecasting has emerged worldwide due to the catastrophic socio-economic impacts this hazard might cause and the expected increase of its frequency in the future. In mountain catchments, precipitation-runoff forecasts are limited by the intrinsic complexity of the processes involved, particularly its high rainfall variability. While process-based models are hard to implement, there is a potential to use the random forest algorithm due to its simplicity, robustness and capacity to deal with complex data structures. Here a step-wise methodology is proposed to derive parsimonious models accounting for both hydrological functioning of the catchment (e.g., input data, representation of antecedent moisture conditions) and random forest procedures (e.g., sensitivity analyses, dimension reduction, optimal input composition). The methodology was applied to develop short-term prediction models of varying time duration (4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 h) for a catchment representative of the Ecuadorian Andes. Results show that the derived parsimonious models can reach validation efficiencies (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient) from 0.761 (4-h) to 0.384 (24-h) for optimal inputs composed only by features accounting for 80% of the model’s outcome variance. Improvement in the prediction of extreme peak flows was demonstrated (extreme value analysis) by including precipitation information in contrast to the use of pure autoregressive models.
Chemical Weathering and Riverine Carbonate System Driven by Human Activities in a Subtropical Karst Basin, South China
Authors: Lyu Xiaoxi , Tao Zhen , Gao Quanzhou , Peng Haixia , Zhou Mei
Published: October 2018

In the context of climate change, the input of acid substances into rivers, caused by human activities in the process of industrial and agricultural development, has significantly disrupted river systems and has had a profound impact on the carbon cycle. The hydrochemical composition and which main sources of the Lianjiang River (LR), a subtropical karst river in northern Guangdong Province, South China, were analyzed in January 2018. The objective was to explicate the influence on the deficit proportion of CO2 consumption, resulting from carbonate chemical weathering (CCW), driven by nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4), which is affected by exogenous acids from the industrial regions in north of the Nanling Mountains and the Pearl River Delta. The response of the riverine carbonate system to exogenous acid-related weathering was also discussed. HCO3− and Ca2+, respectively, accounted for 84.97% of the total anions and 78.71% of the total cations in the surface runoff of the LR, which was characterized as typical karst water. CCW was the most important material source of river dissolved loads in the LR, followed by human activities and silicate chemical weathering (SCW). Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), derived from CCW induced by carbonic acid (H2CO3), had the largest contribution to the total amount of DIC in the LR (76.79%), and those from CCW induced by anthropogenic acids (HNO3 and H2SO4) and SCW contributed 13.56% and 9.64% to the total DIC, respectively. The deficit proportion of CO2 consumption associated with CCW resulting from sulfuric acid and nitric acid (13.56%), was slightly lower than that of the Guizhou Plateau in rainy and pre-rainy seasons (15.67% and 14.17%, respectively). The deficit percentage of CO2 uptake associated with CCW induced by sulfuric acid and nitric acid, accounted for 38.44% of the total CO2 consumption related to natural CCW and 18.84% of the anthropogenic acids from external areas. DIC derived from CCW induced by human activities, had a significant positive correlation with the total alkalinity, SIc and pCO2 in river water, indicating that the carbonate system of the LR was also driven by exogenous acids, with the exception of carbonic acid. More attention should be paid to the effects of human activities on the chemical weathering and riverine carbonate system in the karst drainage basin.
Determination of Removal Efficiencies for Escherichia coli, Clostridial Spores, and F-Specific Coliphages in Unit Processes of Surface Waterworks for QMRA Applications
Authors: Hokajärvi Anna-Maria , Pitkänen Tarja , Meriläinen Päivi , Kauppinen Ari , Matikka Ville , Kovanen Sara , Vepsäläinen Asko , Miettinen Ilkka T.
Published: October 2018

The removal efficiencies of bacteria, bacterial spores, and viruses after a change in source water and water pH in coagulation were studied at pilot scale in coagulation with flotation, rapid sand filtration, and disinfection with UV and chlorine. The results were compared to the treatment efficiencies of full-scale waterworks and data from literature. A quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA)-method was applied to estimate the numbers of illness cases caused by Campylobacter and norovirus after simulation of six operational malfunction scenarios. Coagulation with flotation and disinfection were more efficient in removing Clostridium spp. spores and MS2 coliphages than sand filtration in the pilot scale experiments (p < 0.001–0.008). The removal of E. coli was more efficient in sand filtration and in disinfection compared to coagulation with flotation (p = 0.006 and 0.01). Source water or pH change in coagulation had not significant effects on the removal efficiency of microbes. In QMRA, when disinfection was not in use, an increase in the number of illness cases compared to the normal situation was noticed. The variability in the number of illness cases demonstrated the importance of site-specific data in QMRA. This study provides new information on applying QMRA in both pilot and full-scale waterworks.
Drought Analysis in the Yellow River Basin Based on a Short-Scalar Palmer Drought Severity Index
Authors: Zhu Ye , Liu Yi , Ma Xieyao , Ren Liliang , Singh Vijay P.
Published: October 2018

Focusing on the shortages of moisture estimation and time scale in the self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI), this study proposed a new Palmer variant by introducing the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model in hydrologic accounting module, and modifying the standardization process to make the index capable for monitoring droughts at short time scales. The performance of the newly generated index was evaluated over the Yellow River Basin (YRB) during 1961–2012. For time scale verification, the standardized precipitation index (SPI), and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at a 3-month time scale were employed. Results show that the new Palmer variant is highly correlated with SPI and SPEI, combined with a more stable behavior in drought frequency than original scPDSI. For drought trend detection, this new index is more inclined to reflect comprehensive moisture conditions and reveals a different spatial pattern from SPI and SPEI in winter. Besides, two remote sensing products of soil moisture and vegetation were also employed for comparison. Given their general consistent behaviors in monitoring the spatiotemporal evolution of the 2000 drought, it is suggested that the new Palmer variant is a good indicator for monitoring soil moisture variation and the dynamics of vegetation growth.
Optimal and Efficient Streak Detection in Astronomical Images
Authors: Nir Guy , Zackay Barak , Ofek Eran O.
Published: October 2018

Identification of linear features (streaks) in astronomical images is important for several reasons, including: detecting fast-moving near-Earth asteroids; detecting or flagging faint satellites streaks; and flagging or removing diffraction spikes, pixel bleeding, line-like cosmic rays and bad-pixel features. Here we discuss an efficient and optimal algorithm for the detection of such streaks. The optimal method to detect streaks in astronomical images is by cross-correlating the image with a template of a line broadened by the point-spread function of the system. To do so efficiently, the cross-correlation of the streak position and angle is performed using the Radon transform, which is the integral of pixel values along all possible lines through an image. A fast version of the Radon transform exists, which we here extend to efficiently detect arbitrarily short lines. While the brute force Radon transform requires

operations for a N × N image, the fast Radon transform has a complexity of

. We apply this method to simulated images, recovering the theoretical signal-to-noise ratio, and to real images, finding long streaks of low-Earth-orbit satellites and shorter streaks of Global Positioning System satellites. We detect streaks that are barely visible to the eye, out of hundreds of images, without a-priori knowledge of the streaks’ positions or angles. We provide implementation of this algorithm in Python and MATLAB.
Three Pathways for Observed Resonant Chains
Authors: MacDonald Mariah G. , Dawson Rebekah I.
Published: October 2018

A question driving many studies is whether the thousands of exoplanets known today typically formed where we observe them or formed further out in the disk and migrated in. Early discoveries of giant exoplanets orbiting near their host stars and exoplanets in or near mean motion resonances were interpreted as evidence for migration and its crucial role in the beginnings of planetary systems. Long-scale migration has been invoked to explain systems of planets in mean motion resonant chains consisting of three or more planets linked by integer period ratios. However, recent studies have reproduced specific resonant chains in systems via short-scale migration, and eccentricity damping has been shown to capture planets into resonant chains. We investigate whether the observed resonant chains in Kepler-80, Kepler-223, Kepler-60, and TRAPPIST-1 can be established through long-scale migration, short-scale migration, and/or only eccentricity damping by running suites of N-body simulations. We find that, for each system, all three mechanisms are able to reproduce the observed resonant chains. Long-scale migration is not the only plausible explanation for resonant chains in these systems, and resonant chains are potentially compatible with in situ formation.
MOA-2016-BLG-319Lb: Microlensing Planet Subject to Rare Minor-image Perturbation Degeneracy in Determining Planet Parameters
Authors: Han Cheongho , Bond Ian A. , Gould Andrew , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Jung Youn Kil , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Lee Chung-Uk , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C. , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. , Kim Chun-Hwey ,   (The KMTNet Collaboration), Abe Fumio , Barry Richard , Bennett David P. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Donachie Martin , Fukui Akihiko , Hirao Yuki , Itow Yoshitaka , Kawasaki Kohei , Kondo Iona , Koshimoto Naoki , Li Man Cheung Alex , Matsubara Yutaka , Muraki Yasushi , Miyazaki Shota , Nagakane Masayuki , Ranc Clément , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Suematsu Haruno , Sullivan Denis J. , Sumi Takahiro , Suzuki Daisuke , Tristram Paul J. , Yonehara Atsunori ,   (The MOA Collaboration)
Published: October 2018

We present the analysis of the planetary microlensing event MOA-2016-BLG-319. The event light curve is characterized by a brief (∼3 days) anomaly near the peak produced by minor-image perturbations. From modeling, we find two distinct solutions that describe the observed light curve almost equally as well. From the investigation of the lens-system configurations, we find that the confusion in the lensing solution is caused by the degeneracy between the two solutions resulting from the source passages on different sides of the planetary caustic. These degeneracies can be severe for major-image perturbations, but it is known that they are considerably less severe for minor-image perturbations. From the comparison of the lens-system configuration with those of two previously discovered planetary events, for which similar degeneracies were reported, we find that the degeneracies are caused by the special source trajectories that passed the star–planet axes at approximately right angles. By conducting a Bayesian analysis, it is estimated that the lens is a planetary system in which a giant planet with a mass

(

) is orbiting a low-mass M-dwarf host with a mass

. Here the planet masses in and out of the parentheses represent the masses for the individual degenerate solutions. The projected host-planet separations are a
⊥ ∼ 0.95 and ∼1.05 au for the two solutions. The identified degeneracy indicates the need to check similar degeneracies in future analyses of planetary lensing events with minor-image perturbations.
Binary Red Supergiants: A New Method for Detecting B-type Companions
Authors: Neugent Kathryn F. , Levesque Emily M. , Massey Philip
Published: October 2018

With the exception of a few well-known and studied systems, the binary population of red supergiants (RSGs) remains relatively uncharacterized. Famous systems such as VV Cep, 31 Cyg, and ζ Aur contain RSG + B star binaries, and here we explore whether B stars are the main type of companion we expect from an evolutionary point of view. Using the Geneva evolutionary models, we find that this is indeed the case. However, few such systems are known, and we use model spectra to determine how easy such binaries would be to detect observationally. We find that it should be quite difficult to hide a B-type companion given a reasonable signal-to-noise in the optical/blue portion of the spectrum. We next examine spectra of Magellanic Cloud RSGs and newly acquired spectra of Galactic RSGs looking for new systems and refining our conclusions about what types of stars could be hidden in the spectra. Finally, we develop a set of photometric criteria that can help select likely binaries in the future without the overhead of large periodic or spectroscopic surveys.
The Gemini/Hubble Space Telescope Galaxy Cluster Project: Stellar Populations in the Low-redshift Reference Cluster Galaxies
Authors: Jørgensen Inger , Chiboucas Kristin , Webb Kristi , Woodrum Charity
Published: October 2018

In order to study stellar populations and galaxy structures at intermediate and high redshift (z = 0.2–2.0) and link these properties to those of low-redshift galaxies, there is a need for well-defined local reference samples. Especially for galaxies in massive clusters, such samples are often limited to the Coma cluster galaxies. We present consistently calibrated velocity dispersions and absorption-line indices for galaxies in the central 2 R
500 × 2 R
500 of four massive clusters at z < 0.1: Abell 426/Perseus, Abell 1656/Coma, Abell 2029, and Abell 2142. The measurements are based on data from the Gemini Observatory, McDonald Observatory, and Sloan Digital Sky Survey. For bulge-dominated galaxies, the samples are 95% complete in Perseus and Coma and 74% complete in A2029 and A2142, to a limit of M
B,abs ≤ −18.5 mag. The data serve as the local reference for our studies of galaxy populations in the higher-redshift clusters that are part of the Gemini/HST Galaxy Cluster Project (GCP). We establish the scaling relations between line indices and velocity dispersions as a reference for the GCP. We derive stellar population parameters, ages, metallicities [M/H], and abundance ratios from line indices, both averaged in bins of velocity dispersion and from individual measurements for galaxies in Perseus and Coma. The zero points of relations between the stellar population parameters and the velocity dispersions limit the allowed cluster-to-cluster variation of the four clusters to ±0.08 dex in age, ±0.06 dex in [M/H], ±0.07 dex in [CN/Fe], and ±0.03 dex in [Mg/Fe].
Marvel Analysis of the Measured High-resolution Rovibronic Spectra of 90Zr16O
Authors: McKemmish Laura K. , Borsovszky Jasmin , Goodhew Katie L. , Sheppard Samuel , Bennett Aphra F. V. , Martin Alfie D. J. , Singh Amrik , Sturgeon Callum A. J. , Furtenbacher Tibor , Császár Attila G. , Tennyson Jonathan
Published: October 2018

Zirconium oxide (ZrO) is an important astrophysical molecule that defines the S-star classification class for cool giant stars. Accurate, empirical rovibronic energy levels, with associated labels and uncertainties, are reported for nine low-lying electronic states of the diatomic

molecule. These 8088 empirical energy levels are determined using the Measured Active Rotational-Vibrational Energy Levels algorithm with 23,317 input assigned transition frequencies, 22,549 of which were validated during this study. A temperature-dependent partition function is presented alongside updated spectroscopic constants for the nine low-lying electronic states.
Actions Are Weak Stellar Age Indicators in the Milky Way Disk
Authors: Beane Angus , Ness Melissa K. , Bedell Megan
Published: October 2018

The orbital properties of stars in the Milky Way disk are signatures of their formation, but they are also expected to change over time due to the dynamical evolution of the Galaxy. Stellar orbits can be quantified by the three dynamical actions, J

r
, L

z
, and J

z
, which provide measures of the orbital eccentricity, guiding radius, and non-planarity, respectively. Changes in these dynamical actions over time reflect the strength and efficiency of the evolutionary processes that drive stellar redistributions. We examine how dynamical actions of stars are correlated with their age using two samples of stars with well-determined ages: 78 solar twin stars (with ages precise to ∼5%) and 4376 stars from the APOKASC2 sample (∼20%). We compute actions using spectroscopic radial velocities from previous surveys and parallax and proper motion measurements from Gaia DR2. We find weak gradients with significant scatter for all actions as a function of stellar age. These gradients and their associated variances provide strong constraints on the efficiency of the mechanisms that drive the redistribution of stellar orbits over time and demonstrate that actions are informative as to stellar age. However, the shallow action–age gradients combined with the large dispersion in each action at a given age render the prospect of age inference from orbits of individual stars bleak. Using the precision measurements of [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] we find that, similarly to our stellar age results, the dynamical actions afford little discriminating power between individual low- and high-α stars.
The Time Evolution of the HH 1 Jet Modeled as a Variable Outflow
Authors: Castellanos-Ramírez A. , Raga A. C. , Rodríguez-González A.
Published: October 2018

The HH 1 jet is a chain of knots extending out to ∼20″ from the VLA 1 source of the HH 1/2 system. Four epochs of [S ii] images obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope over a ∼20 yr period show that these knots have a time-evolving intensity as they travel away from the outflow source. We present an axisymmetric, gas-dynamic simulation of a two-sinusoidal-mode variable ejection velocity jet (including a treatment of the non-equilibrium ionization of the gas) from which we obtain predictions of the time evolution of the chain of knots close to the outflow source. Both the intensity versus position dependence (for the successive knots) and the time evolution of the [S ii] intensities of the individual knots obtained from the simulations agree in a very impressive way with the HH 1 jet observations. This is one of the most striking illustrations of the success of variable jet models at reproducing the observed properties of HH jets. Also, this work represents the first attempted comparison between models and observations of astrophysical jets with both time and spatial resolution.
Fully Coupled Simulation of Cosmic Reionization. III. Stochastic Early Reionization by the Smallest Galaxies
Authors: Norman Michael L. , Chen Pengfei , Wise John H. , Xu Hao
Published: October 2018

Previously we identified a new class of early galaxy that we estimate contributes up to 30% of the ionizing photons responsible for reionization. These are low-mass halos in the range

 = 106.5–108

that have been chemically enriched by supernova ejecta from prior Population III star formation. Despite their low star formation rates, these metal cooling halos (MCs) are significant sources of ionizing radiation, especially at the onset of reionization, owing to their high number density and ionizing escape fractions. Here we present a fully coupled radiation hydrodynamic simulation of reionization that includes these MCs, as well the more massive hydrogen atomic line cooling halos. Our method is novel: we perform halo finding in line with the radiation hydrodynamical simulation and assign escaping ionizing fluxes to halos using a probability distribution function (pdf) measured from the galaxy-resolving Renaissance Simulations. The pdf captures the mass dependence of the ionizing escape fraction, as well as the probability that a halo is actively forming stars. With MCs, reionization starts earlier than if only halos of 108

and above are included; however, the redshift when reionization completes is only marginally affected, as this is driven by more massive galaxies. Because star formation is intermittent in MCs, the earliest phase of reionization exhibits a stochastic nature, with small H ii regions forming and recombining. Only later, once halos of mass ∼109

and above begin to dominate the ionizing emissivity, does reionization proceed smoothly in the usual manner deduced from previous studies. This occurs at z ≈ 10 in our simulation.
A relação universidade-empresa-governo: mecanismos de cooperação e seus fatores intervenientes em uma universidade pública
Authors: Mikosz Vinícius Machado , De Lima Isaura Alberton
Published: October 2018

Considerando a relação universidade-empresa, esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo de caso que tem como objetivo exibir os mecanismos de cooperação e seus intervenientes em uma Universidade Pública. Por meio de uma pesquisa documental, são investigados os principais mecanismos de cooperação da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), com foco na atuação da Pró-Reitoria de Relações Empresariais e Comunitárias (PROREC), responsável pela interação entre a Universidade, as empresas e a comunidade. É percebido um grande número de mecanismos que viabilizam a transferência dos conhecimentos e tecnologias produzidas na instituição. Por último, por meio de um questionário aplicado aos Diretores de Relações Empresarias e Comunitárias (DIRECs) de todos os treze campi da UTFPR, são levantadas, sob a perspectiva das universidades, empresas e pesquisadores, as principais barreiras, facilitadores e motivadores que interferem nessa cooperação da universidade junto ao mercado.
Menstruapps: sobre poder tocar, ser tocada e onde
Authors: Paletta Gabriela Cabral
Published: October 2018

Este texto se consiste numa tentativa de apresentar o que são os applications programs, os famosos “apps”. Introduzimos brevemente a transição deste mercado virtual de softwares, com a atenção mais voltada para os m-health apps. Elegemos os aplicativos de monitoramento menstrual (menstruapps) para levantar questões a partir de discussões teóricas sobre topologia, ontologias, ambiente e suas implicações políticas. Como pano de fundo, trazemos um pouco da história do ativismo menstrual através de lentes oferecidas pelas teorias feministas na ciência. O cuidado com a saúde, que agora está podendo ser vivido e reivindicado de outras maneiras, é alvo de nosso foco. A partir do momento em que há acesso a ferramentas de cuidado com alta capacidade de processamento e armazenamento de informações, passam a existir também novas possibilidades de experimentar um cuidado. Durante o artigo, passeamos com Polegarzinha (SERRES, 2013) para vislumbrar e questionar essas novas possibilidades de mundo.
La passation de l’échelle de Brazelton à l’usage des mères handicapées moteur et d’autres mères
Authors: Thoueille Édith
Published: October 2018

Dans le passé, les personnes porteuses d’un handicap n’étaient pas autorisées à procréer, à vivre une grossesse ou à devenir parents. Plus de libertés leur sont offertes actuellement. Ce phénomène nouveau rend nécessaire un accompagnement à la fois sur le plan psychologique et sur le plan de la pratique du soin. L’échelle NBAS nous offre des possibilités d’explorer la relation précoce mère/enfant dans ce contexte particulier.
La formation à l’échelle NBAS comme instrument de cohésion des équipes face à des mères vulnérables et un accès à la relation précoce difficile
Authors: Belot Rose-Angélique , Piquard Caroline , Candilis-Huisman Drina
Published: October 2018

Si la formation à l’échelle de Brazelton permet d’utiliser cet outil de façon optimale pour l’observation du bébé et le développement des liens père-mère-bébé « classique », la formation apporte également pour chaque utilisateur de la NBAS de nombreux autres repères pour prendre en compte aussi d’autres axes essentiels. La présentation de vignettes cliniques montre l’importance de définir en amont un dispositif précis avec les équipes. Par ailleurs, l’outil Brazelton favorise non seulement au sein d’une équipe l’alliance, mais procure aussi un outil au service du développement des réseaux. Ceux-ci constituent un atout précieux pour l’accès aux relations précoces plus difficiles.
Guidance anticipative lors des consultations pédiatriques des trois premières années : le modèle Touchpoints (moments clés) du développement
Authors: Sparrow Joshua , Berry Brazelton Thomas
Published: October 2018

Les moments clés sont des régressions prévisibles du développement, principalement dans les domaines du sommeil, de l’alimentation et de l’autorégulation, qui précèdent l’émergence de nouvelles capacités de développement. Ces moments clés peuvent être désorganisants pour les enfants et leurs parents. L’anticipation de ces crises peut aider à prévenir les réactions exagérées des parents qui pourraient par inadvertance renforcer les comportements régressifs et conduire à des déviations du développement. Les parents trouvent rassurant que de telles régressions et explosions de développement soient prévisibles. Ces nouvelles connaissances associées à une relation respectueuse et encourageante avec les professionnels de santé pédiatrique aideront les parents à se sentir moins seuls et plus confiants en eux-mêmes. Lorsque les parents et les professionnels savent à quoi s’attendre, la gestion de ces moments clés par l’enfant peut être considérée non plus seulement comme une source de stress, mais aussi comme une source de satisfaction et d’encouragement pour la famille. Les professionnels de l’enfance sont généralement formés pour rechercher les déficits et les parents le ressentent. Quand ces professionnels se concentrent d’abord sur les forces de l’enfant et celles des parents, leur soutien paraît plus efficace pour s’ajuster aux besoins des familles face aux challenges et aux opportunités présentés par le développement de l’enfant.
Soins palliatifs en cancérologie et place de la sexualité
Authors: Landry Sébastien
Published: October 2018

La sexualité reste une dimension de vie encore peu abordée par les soignants. La cancérologie n’y échappe pas et c’est réellement une donnée qui n’est jamais abordée en soins palliatifs. Néanmoins, la sexualité fait partie de la vie, d’où notre intérêt pour la place de la sexualité. Pour cela nous avons réalisé des entretiens semi-directifs auprès de 27 patients pris en charge en soins palliatifs pour un cancer. Ces entretiens sont axés sur la place de la sexualité chez le patient. Nous nous sommes intéressés à leur sexualité avant la prise en charge pour leur cancer. Puis l’entretien s’est orienté sur la sexualité actuelle afin de voir si celle-ci a changé. L’intérêt de l’étude c’est également porté sur les besoins et les plaintes que les patients peuvent avoir concernant leur vie intime et sexuelle. Cette investigation a mis en avant un intérêt pour la sexualité de tous les patients de l’étude même si la maladie a engendré des changements dans leur intimité et leur sexualité. Il ressort également un manque de contact physique ressenti par les patients lors des périodes d’hospitalisations. De plus les patients ne sont pas satisfaits du respect de leur intimité lors des périodes d’hospitalisations.