bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Academic achievements in the field of lifelong education in Korea and the contributions to school-based education theories in general (2000-2023)
Authors:   The Korean Society for Lifelong Education, Han Soonghee
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this article is to mark the 70th anniversary of the Korean Society of Education and to reveal what kinds of academic and theoretical contribution that the field of lifelong education has made to the overall educational sciences in general. In particular, what this study focuses on is exploring what the lifelong education theories have been constructed and how they gave impact on the dominant school-centered mainstream educational theories. Among many, this article investigates how lifelong education as theory has transformed the theoretical landscape of school-centered ontologies in pedagogy. For this purpose, this study re-classified the contents of the articles published in the Journal of Lifelong Education, which the Korean Society for Study in Lifelong Education has published over the past 20 years, and extracted the theoretical contrasts that lifelong education created in comparison with existing school-based educational theories from that flow. The results are summarized as follows. (1) In pursue of the foundational concept of lifelong education, the researches of lifelong education have continuously created alternative educational concepts, values, and learning theories that gave impacts on transforming or replacing the theories and practices of Korea’s school education system. (2) In particular, researches and theories on lifelong learning resulted in the new starting point of alternative learning theories and, at the same time, the creation of a new field of learning sciences. (3) The continuous institutionalization process in the areas of adult and higher lifelong education was a consequence of the efforts, and also it was an effective leverage of education system in post-schooling era that transforms and replaces the traditional structure of the schools and universities. (4) Lifelong education has shifted the focus of pedagogical discourse from education to learning, from which the dominant “schooled society” was gradually de-territorialized and re-territorialized towards “learning society”.
The ubiquitous acoustic bubble: a brief introduction
Authors: Roy Ronald A.
Published: January 2024

There are few objects in nature that interact with acoustic waves as effectively and efficiently as a gas bubble in a liquid. The velocity, intensity and even frequency content of sound waves are profoundly impacted by bubbles in suspension, and when high-pressure waves travel through a liquid medium, they nucleate small gas bubbles that subsequently respond to period acoustic forcing, a process known as acoustic cavitation. Cavitation bubbles convert acoustical energy to mechanical energy that is highly concentrated in both space and time. The result is a plethora of mechanical, and thermal effects, ranging from acoustic micro-streaming to extreme conditions at the point of cavity collapse. All of these effects play a role, to varying degrees, in a broad range of industrial and biomedical procedures involving ultrasound. In this talk, we present an introductory overview of the relevant bubble physics, physical effects, and the roles – both beneficial and detrimental – played by bubbles and cavitation in industrial and medical acoustics.
Plume dispersion in non-neutrally-stratified boundary layers
Authors: Carpentieri Matteo
Published: January 2024

Non-neutral stratification can have an important role in mixing and dispersing pollutant plumes, but systematic experiments are rare, despite the fact that stable or convective atmospheric conditions often represent the majority of cases in actual urban flows. The EnFlo wind tunnel at the University of Surrey is one of the very few facilities capable of simulating these atmospheric flows. In this presentation I’m going to show some of the recent results from the experimental work at EnFlo, with particular focus on flow and dispersion in urban areas. Experiments ranged from fundamental studies in plume dispersion in non-neutral boundary layers to applied research in urban fluid mechanics with and without local heat sources.
Exploring the potential of deep learning for classifying camera trap data: A case study from Nepal - working paper
Authors: Shrestha Tanuja , Matin Mir A , Chitale Vishwas , Thomas Samuel
Published: January 2024

Data from camera trap networks provide crucial information on various important aspects of wildlife presence, movement, and behaviour. However, manual processing of large volumes of images captured is time and resource intensive. This study explores three different approaches of deep learning methods to detect and classify images of key animal species collected from the ICIMOD Knowledge Park at Godavari, Nepal. It shows that transfer learning with ImageNet pretrained models (A1) can be used to detect animal species with minimal model training and testing. These methods when scaled up offer tremendous scope for quicker and informed conflict management actions, including automated response, which can help minimise human wildlife conflict management costs across countries in the region.
INTERVZP - Interprofessional collaboration in Advance Care Planning: examining support needs across disciplines and settings
Authors: Smets Tinne , Bork Anneloes , De Cafmeyer Christine , Pype Peter
Published: January 2024

Background: Although advance care planning (ACP) can improve goal-oriented and goal-concordant care, it requires substantial interprofessional collaboration to ensure up-to-date information from patients and families is passed along across the care trajectory of the patient. The often-complex care trajectories of patients who would benefit most from ACP, as well as our fragmented care systems is hindering this.

Aim: We aimed to explore how to better support a variety of professionals across care levels to improve advance care planning in their settings by exploring barriers related to ACP specifically, their support needs as well as potential strategies for improvement.

Methods: We have carried out a targeted literature review in PubMed searching academic literature on advance care planning, chronic care or palliative care and interprofessional/multidisciplinary collaboration (and education); expert interviews with educators and trainers in interprofessional collaboration in healthcare (ie medicine, nursing, social work, obstetrics); and 3 semi-structured stakeholder workshops with a variety of professionals working in nursing homes, hospitals, and the home setting. Project progress and deliverables were safeguarded by an advisory group comprising users and stakeholders from various professional, policy, and umbrella organizations.

Results: Fifteen published studies were included; 12 experts and 20 professionals participated. Various factors were found to hinder interprofessional collaboration in ACP: personal factors (eg. discipline: support staff, as opposed to registered nursing staff report higher, needs related to integration on the interdisciplinary team), interprofessional (eg. lack of clarity and appreciation of other’s roles), organizational (eg. no one taking the lead), interorganizational (eg. team fluidity/temporary teams) and system factors (eg. no unified electronic system). We formulated potential learning objectives that were triangulated with and complementary to existing general frameworks in interprofessional education (ie. IPEC, 5 bouwstenen IPSIG, Canmeds, EIPEN). We have visualized the patient journey of three case studies (in a hospital, nursing home and home setting) to graphically demonstrate how integrated care transitions between professionals, organizations and care levels can be improved and how (comprising tips and trigger questions that might stimulate professionals to share and receive the relevant information with and from others).

Next steps: Learning objectives can be easily integrated into existing education for health and social care professionals and is informative for subsequent interprofessional training development. Tools are currently being developed to support educators in doing this.
Understanding the role of diversity in informal care
Authors: Wittenberg Yvette , Hengelaar Rieke
Published: January 2024

Introduction: In the Netherlands, professionals in social work and healthcare are increasingly involved in care networks in which informal caregivers, volunteers and professionals need to collaborate in a relationship of equality to support care recipients. At the same time, there is a growing consciousness that the diversity among Dutch citizens should be taken into account within this collaboration. In order to achieve good collaboration, it is important that professionals pay attention to the informal caregiver: who is this person and what views does this person have about providing informal care? Informal caregivers and their views are often very different from each other. In this presentation, we will discuss how professionals can create space for this diversity among informal caregivers.

Public involvement: This presentation is part of two PhD studies in which informal caregivers, care recipients and professionals in social work and healthcare are involved and determined the necessity for these studies and are involved in the participatory analysis and the dissemination of the results in educational programs and practice. 

Methods: As part of our PhD studies, several projects were conducted in which both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. All projects used an intersectional perspective to better understand the role of diversity in informal caregiving experiences. Next to that, a scoping review on this topic was conducted. During the presentation, we will combine insights of several projects to discuss the importance of creating space for diversity in care situations.  

Results: We discovered the added value of an intersectional perspective to look into diversity among informal caregivers. This perspective helps to get to know the person behind the informal care better, but also to gain a better understanding of the context in which informal care is provided and what people need to be able to continue to provide informal care in a pleasant way. Additionally, this lens provides insight in the necessity for reflexivity amongst professionals about their own positionality and views on providing informal care. Reflecting on professionals’ own frames of reference helps to recognize blind spots and assumptions about the other. Avoiding such assumptions enables professionals to make informal caregivers feel safe and understood.

Implications for practice and further research: Adopting an intersectional perspective to look into diversity among informal caregivers and working reflexively stimulates professionals to analyse which views, but also assumptions about informal caregivers exist among professionals in teams. This encourages organizations and professionals to improve accessibility of their support and to create space for differences in views and needs in the support they provide. Using intersectionality in informal care research helps to understand the role of diversity in caregiving needs and experiences.
Neighbourhood approach as a leverage for municipal integrated mental health care, Ghent
Authors: Symoen Sara , Gillis Steven , Dierinck Peter
Published: January 2024

Problem Statement: Psychological problems are common in Flanders (Belgium). 33% of Flemish people report experiencing problems such as stress, anxiety, depressive feelings, etc. 14% have a mental disorder and 1 to 2% of the population a severe psychiatric problem. However, about half of those who could use help do not find appropriate help (unmet need) or avoid help. Partly because of the decrease in residential mental health services, some neighbourhoods, especially in a metropolitan context, experience more pressure related to mental and psychiatric problems. The recognition of the importance of supporting people in their own environment is stimulating a search for more integrated work between mental health care and social organisations, person tailored, and within neighbourhoods. 

Objective: Although not a core mission of an urban government, the City of Ghent chooses to make mental health a policy priority by giving space to experiment with new initiatives that are anchored within neighbourhoods in cooperation with a wide variety of organisations. These should be exemplary for other cities and municipalities, but also for supra-local policymakers. The initiatives focus on four core objectives: making mental vulnerability discussable, empowering people, lowering barriers to care and inclusion of people with mental vulnerabilities.

Target group: With integrated thinking as a point of view, we approach people as citizens, establishing methodologies to support both people with moderate to severe mental health difficulties.

Actions:

- Citywide organisation of resilience-building initiatives, embedded in neighbourhoods (psycho-educational work in collaboration with Recovery Colleges, front-line mental health workers)

- Connecting mental health organizations with neighbourhood networks to make care both more accessible and more personalized (through quarter making, mobile workers, open dialogue).

- Deploying caring neighbourhoods in which methodologies such as quarter making, multilogem and open dialogue are leverages for inclusion of vulnerable neighbourhood residents.

Impact:

-At the moment, in 8 out of 10 more vulnerable neighbourhoods, mental health projects are running with a neighbourhood focus.

-Yearly around 30 psycho-educational trainings are given, reaching over 400 participants.

-4 psychiatric hospitals joined forces with the city to launch the mobile workers project, which focuses on neighbourhood networks and a person-centred approach for people under the care radar.

Over 500 EPA persons have already been reached by 4 mobile workers working within networks of more than 40 organizations.

Nb) The results of the evaluation study are expected by May 2023 and can be presented at the conference.
Towards local integrated care through the convention for a psychological offer in primary care
Authors: Morsink Sarah
Published: January 2024

At the beginning of 2022, the additional offer of primary psychological care was implemented nationwide in Belgium. The main aim of this new convention is to strengthen local integrated care. In line with the public mental health perspective, an offer is set up based on regional needs around prevention and early intervention to prevent mild mental health problems from escalating. To ensure that this care is easily accessible, outreaching and location/community-oriented work is carried out. Special attention is paid to vulnerable target groups ('equity'). Within the implementation of this innovative approach, change management appears to be an important player. This presentation contains - based on the policy experiences since January 2022 - a preliminary evaluation of the opportunities and barriers in the implementation of this project.
Implementation of interprofessional pharmaceutical care initiatives: lessons learned from successful bottom-up initiatives in primary care
Authors: Coenen Indira , De Baetselier Elyne , Foulon Veerle , Dilles Tinne
Published: January 2024

Background:  Although there is evidence that interprofessional, person-centred, integrated care is important for optimising  pharmaceutical care of older persons with polypharmacy, this way of working is often not implemented in practice. Identification and description of successful initiatives between physicians, pharmacists and nurses, their context and implementation strategies are important to close this know-do gap.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify common characteristics of successful interprofessional initiatives and factors influencing the implementation of these initiatives.

Methods: A qualitative, explorative design with in-depth semi-structured interviews was used. Flemish primary healthcare professionals and patients aged over 75, involved in successful initiatives for interprofessional pharmaceutical care of older persons with polypharmacy, were included. Inductive analysis was conducted to identify main topics.

Results:  Several interprofessional initiatives, successfully implemented in primary healthcare, were explored. Fifteen healthcare professionals and four patients involved in these initiatives were interviewed. In all initiatives the healthcare professionals had interprofessional consultations about older persons with polypharmacy. Five common characteristics could be identified in these initiatives: a) bottom-up design with voluntary participation of healthcare professionals, b) team made decisions, c) the presence of a project coordinator d) consultation with older persons and e) the availability of supporting documents. The interaction between the characteristics of the initiatives and the context had an important impact on the implementation. These context factors were positioned under a) the micro context – including personal characteristics of healthcare professionals and interprofessional relations, b) the meso context - including a culture of cooperation, scale and available time, and c) the macro context, including the political context and ICT possibilities. Implementation strategies, actions to enhance the adoption of the initiatives, were identified and corresponded with three themes: communication and influence, coordination of different stakeholders, and incentives or disincentives.

Discussion: Raising the visibility of these success stories will inspire healthcare professionals, providers of interprofessional education and policymakers to facilitate interprofessional pharmaceutical care. Since patients seemed to have limited interest in collaboration strategies of their healthcare professionals, more in-depth research to explore patients’ expectations is suggested.
Speed dating in Primary Care Zone Klein-Brabant Vaartland
Authors: Tilley Lore , De Koker Kris
Published: January 2024

There are 60 Primary Care Zones in Flanders where different partners from the health and welfare sector work together. The goal is to help people with care or assistance needs in the best possible way.

Our Primary Care Zone works for 3 municipalities being Puurs-Sint-Amands, Bornem and Willebroek.

We are convinced that we can only help people with tailor-made care when the care providers work together more smoothly and better. So we know where to go with a care question.

To stimulate cooperation and integrated care, our Primary Care Zone organizes 3 speed dating events every year with health and welfare professionals. With these speed dates, professionals get to know each other. In this way, we encourage warm referrals and cooperation between different professional groups.
Why and how Flanders wants to roll out goal-oriented, integrated care based on life goals.  A reflection between policymakers and policy organizations.
Authors: Boeckx Thomas
Published: January 2024

Flanders believes that integrated care can only be achieved by linking medical care, with welfare and social care, creating local government participation and including the voice of the patient and his or her caregiver in local and central policy processes. 

In order to evolve from fragmented primary care to integrated care, a participatory procedure was mapped out in Flanders: since 2020 existing structures were changed and several tools have been developed to transform the way of care into goal oriented care. 

The Flemish meso level was thoroughly rearranged: during the covid years population-based approach was rolled out by local care councils.  The care council aims to install integrated, goal-oriented care within the local network of medical care providers, social and welfare providers and local authorities, in cooperation with the patient and his or her caregiver. Together with all these partners, the care council takes care of a population of at least 75,000 people.Finally primary care, and by extension the entire care scene, will evolve towards better goal-oriented, integrated care. This evolution is supported by the implementation of the digital care and support plan which is flanked by a the reform traject of palliative care in Flanders,

The main goal of in Flanders care organization is putting the patient in the driving seat of the care-process which will be based on life goals

For policymakers and organizations, this presentation aims to look back at the complex change process, outline future challenges and share lessons learned.

We show how strategically chosen change management creates connection between welfare, social and medical care.  How, the interaction between patient and caregivers and local authorities try to achieve integrated care in the local communities

We show our complex challenge of introducing quality thinking and building organizational resilience for future crises within the young care council.

We discuss the complexity of linking local priorities with global policy objectives and vice versa.
Goal-oriented care in an integrated care organization
Authors: Dingemans Ann
Published: January 2024

i-mens is the largest integrated care organization in Flanders and Brussels with 12,000 employees serving over 70 000 customers yearly. It provides care through all phases of life, with a wide range of services. Providing Goal-Oriented Care is inherently part of the vision of i-mens. However, a clear and standardized opproach is lacking. 

By implementing a new framework, a transparent approach is created to help our customers in an equitable way, while keeping into account that everyone has different life goals/needs. 

At the beginning of 2022 i-mens started a process, with the support of the King Baudouin Foundation and in collaboration with Steunpunt Mantelzorg, to implement GOC within the organization. The new methodology is to be evaluated by the persons with a care and support needs, our internal staff, as well informal caregivers. i-mens believes it is important to involve the informal caregiver, because they guarantee continuity of care when the professional support ends. European research shows that 80% of long-term care is provided by informal caregivers.

During ICIC23 we wish to highlight the following topics: The choice of methodology based on the following parameters: There are various methods of GOC in Flanders. These methods were evaluated on the parameters: ‘understandable’, ‘personal input’, ‘time investment’, usable in their context, etc. We opted for 2 possible methods. These methodologies were presented to a test audience (focus groups).

The survey from the focus groups: During autumn 2022, we organized three focus groups: clients, informal caregivers and our employees. The two chosen methodologies were presented to a test audience. Based on their findings, we opted for one methodology.

The testings: After the decision has been made about the chosen methodology, we are going to start the implementation (spring 2023). Employees initiate the methodology in collaboration with the client and their informal caregiver. 

In a later stage, this methodology will be used as a guideline during multidisciplinary meetings where various stakeholders (general practitioners, home nurses and other primary care actors) participate.

The target audience: The GOC-methodology is aimed at every customer, but due to practical and efficiency reasons we initially focused on the customer living at home. During the presentation, their findings will be communicated.

Challenges: Whitin this topic we explain the various challenges that we encounter along the way: rethinking of the customer, informal caregiver (empowerment), external primary actors and the internal employees.

However it should be stressed that besides choosing a methodology, the basic attitude of professional caregivers plays a key role as well in achieving a successful Goal-Oriented Care. Both elements form the basis of Goal-Oriented Care as you cannot have the one without the other. Since autumn 2022, we have been communicating about GOC to all our 12,000 employees through (digital) newsletters, conversations with the training department, organizing information moments, etc.
Is a unified model for patient empowerment possible or desirable?
Authors: Phillips Jim , Somekh David
Published: January 2024

Background: Patient empowerment has a history going back to the 1960’s ( Kayser et al. BMC Health Services Research (2019) 19:242) and originates in the movement for greater citizen participation in societal decision-making (e.g. ‘power to the people’). In the decade of the 1970’s there was a related shift in some healthcare thinking.

While there has been a proliferation of terms, such as citizen engagement, patient participation, patient empowerment, patient activation and so forth, the fundamental underlying principle is the shift from the patient/citizen as a passive recipient of services to the patient /citizen as active, informed participant in their own health and healthcare.

These shifts have been reflected in health care policy- person/patient centred care, personalised care and integrated care all put forward models of working that are designed to enhance patient empowerment and a shift from a bio-medical model of health care t a more holistic bio- psychosocial model of care

Although there had been active proponents of this change, especially in parts of Northern Europe it remains a fragile part of health care

Method: Unlike some health topics, although patient empowerment is often cited, for example in relation to current work on health technology including mHealth, there appears to be no overarching consensus on a strategy for local implementation, nor even how patient empowerment is defined for strategic purposes. This  survey aimed to gather information which would, when collated, help to address these issues. To explore the current standing of patient empowerment at the beginning of 2021 a survey of experts including people expert in lived experience was carried out in a number of European countries (the final total was 25 responses from 14 countries) 

This was followed up in 2022 by a international round table event of people of lived experience, researchers, policy makers and leading experts to explore this issue and to record the discussion as a marker for future thinking about the concept.

Results and conclusions:  Despite significant activity it was clear it was very siloed  and y the concept was diversely defined or interpreted in practice.

We concluded it seems that the majority of respondents from the 14 countries only use aspects of the concept with no common understanding.

. If there is such a disparate use of terminology, is it meaningful to refer to ‘empowerment’ as a  definition of anything? Is there a better term to use for an umbrella concept?

These findings confirm that concepts such as person centred care, personalised care and patient empowerment have considerable variations in how they are understood.

This has significant implication for their implementation  when there is such diverse understandings at all levels - Macro, Miso and Micro leading to fragmentation  and a lack of a unified approach to evaluation.
Mental health in all policies: How does an effort for mental health in all policies impact the battle against increasing mental unwell-being across society?
Authors: Vandeghinste Nicky
Published: January 2024

The worldwide pandemic caused by the covid-19 virus led to interventions in personal freedom of citizens that were never seen before. These measures limiting freedom caused an enormous impact on people’s mental health, which is largely dependant on social, economic and environmental factors. Mainly in young people a strong increase in mental health problems could be observed. Specific sanitary measures heavily affected their social lives, education, hobbies and other areas in their lives. This crisis showed us the interconnectedness of many areas of life with mental health policy and the need for a holistic approach. Therefore we mustn’t focus solely on expanding mental health care and making it more accessible if we want a general improvement of the population’s mental health. On top of the important and necessary increase in accessibility and availability, there is a need to prevent additional mental health problems of our citizens. For this reason we want to make a case for a mental health in all policies. There is a need for high quality integrated mental health care, as well as generally a policy of integrated care that addresses mental health as part of the larger health system, which fortifies resilience. In this presentation we want to demonstrate this need by showing local examples and research which makes the case for a mental health in all policies for all.
The public health insurance funds as drivers for integrated care
Authors: Dhaeyre Eline Senesael , Vandeghinste Nicky , Germonpré Siska , Demyttenaere Bart , De Brandt Laura
Published: January 2024

The public health insurance funds are a unique player in the healthcare landscape. Belgium has seven public health insurance funds that operate the reimbursement system of health care services covered by the compulsory health insurance for their members and the payment of a replacement income in case of long-term illness. Public health insurance funds are present throughout the lifespan of their members, from birth to death, they are companion and point of contact for crucial moments in life at all ages.They play a key role in the rollout and implementation of key aspects of integrated care.

Not only are they responsible for the health care reimbursement, they are the guardians of the health insurance finance as well as the administrator. They are in control of the recognition and follow up of patients in incapacity for work and guide those patient in return to work and rehabilitation and reintegration. They have lots of experience in finance mechanisms and regulation within health care.

Next to their responsibilities in reimbursement, there’s also an important social service. The social workers are there to familiarize people with care, the organization of home care and to facilitate all preconditions to make this possible, but also to determine the severity of care and to open up as many social benefits as possible for those who are entitled to it. The public health insurance funds also generate data which they can use to evaluate the health system, provide for scientific research but also use to enhance population management and to weigh on decision- or policy makers.

After a short, interactive part, we will explore these different roles and demonstrate how they contribute to integrated care. Not only from the perspective of the public health care insurance institutions, but also from the perspective of collaboration amongst formal care givers surrounding one patient and from the perspective of several informal care givers. By using various testimonials, we let informal care givers share their experience and needs about integrated care.

Despite the long history, many actors in Belgium are insufficiently aware of what exactly these different roles are. It is the task of the public health insurance funds to continue to fully focus on this and to participate in initiatives that can realize integrated care. Therefore, at least one good practice will be discussed from one of the 12 integrated care pilot projects in which the funds, together with the other care actors and the government, are looking for innovative actions to make integrated care possible.
Quality and safety for the public through domiciliary nursing in Italy: a multicentre cross-sectional descriptive observational study (The AIDOMUS-IT Protocol)
Authors: Bagnasco Annamaria , Alvaro Rosaria , Lancia Loreto , Manara Duilio Fiorenzo , Rasero Laura , Rocco Gennaro , Zega Maurizio , Sasso Loredana
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The development of this study occurred in conjunction with the new "Regulation defining models and standards for the development of community care in the National Health Service" (Ministerial Decree no. 77/2022) with the redefinition of care in the community. Considered the increase in the elderly population, in the complexity of care and the workload for home care, it is important and urgent to describe the work environment and the Italian community care reality.

Aims: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of nursing care and the quality of home care in the community in Italy.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive observational study using the survey method. The study uses quantitative data from three sources: 1) primary data on organizational characteristics, professional satisfaction, intention to leave home care services, and burnout; 2) secondary data on the experience of patients and their caregivers; 3) data on improper access to the emergency department, readmission to hospital, comorbidities, services offered, and users’ level of autonomy, and main and secondary diagnoses.

Data will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Conclusions: The systematic analysis of the different national community care contexts will enable to increase the knowledge and awareness of the need for community health care. The availability of specific data will promote and support the role of the family and community nurse in district health care contexts, in order to increase the quality of care perceived by patients and their families. 

KEYWORDS (MAX 5): family and community nurses, community care realities, complexity of care, multicentre observational study.
Reform of palliative care as a model of integrated care
Authors: Craps Anneleen
Published: January 2024

The Flemish Government wants to reform the functioning, organization and financing of palliative care, with the aim of making palliative care the leading example of integrated care. 

The reform process is a highly participatory process that has to lead to a wide support from all actors involved and consists of 3 parts:

1.Through a participatory process with all actors involved (citizens, first and second line care, palliative care sector, welfare,...) the Flemish government is creating a common vision on the future of palliative care in Flanders. 

2.Based on this vision, a concrete action and transition plan will be drawn up to evolve from the current to the future organization of palliative care. 

3.The effective reform of the functioning, organization and financing of palliative care.

Ultimately, every citizen in Flanders will benefit from the reform of palliative care. The palliative care will focus, even more than it does now, on multidisciplinarity, targeting and quality.

The primary target of this reform are the organizations that provide and coordinate palliative care. These organizations are mostly the competence of the Flemish Government. The secondary target group is primary care and welfare providers. The reform will involve them even more in the adapted organization, functioning and financing of palliative care. The goal is for every care and welfare provider to do their part to ensure integrated and goal-oriented palliative care.

Citizens and their loved ones will also be given a full and prominent place in the reform process. They will be involved as much as possible in shaping the vision but will also form a separate sounding board for the Flemish Government. Through this sounding board, citizens, informal caregivers, difficult to reach target groups, etc. will be questioned about the vision on the future of palliative care that has been developed. The central question to them will be: does the new vision (and thus organization of palliative care) answer their questions and needs?

During the presentation, interim findings will be shared about the participatory process.
A community health literacy Hub
Authors: Van Pelt Patricia
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Being health literate is important to get sufficient health information, to navigate the health system, to access appropriate care and to be able to self-manage health. As such it is a key determinant of health. There is a need for innovative measures to improve health literacy among people living in socioeconomically vulnerable circumstances. In response to this need, a low treshold community health literacy hub was developed and implemented in a vulnerable neighbourhood in the city of Antwerp, within a broader project on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (H2020 SPICES project)

The health kiosk provides information on a healthy lifestyle and disease prevention in a low-threshold manner to people and groups in a socially vulnerable situation. These are the people for whom the current preventive offer is insufficiently accessible; because it is not sufficiently attuned to diversity in language and culture, it is insufficiently accessible or available, or because people have so many other concerns on their minds that they have less mental space to actively engage with health.

Who is involved? The Health Kiosk is a partnership between Logo Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp District. Another important collaboration is with the Community Health Workers. These are people from the communities involved who direct people, often non-native speakers, to care. They speak to people in their own language, thus removing an important barrier. This cooperation also allows us to make good links between the preventive offer and primary care. To further operationalise the operation of the kiosk, ELZ Oost will also be involved. The focus will also be on first-line professionals.

Results: The health kiosk grew out of the need to increase health literacy among vulnerable target groups, those who live under the radar. Yet the effect of the kiosk appears to go much further. The whole community gets involved: not just residents, but also organisations from different sectors, as well as the working population. Over the past year, the kiosk has become well embedded in the neighbourhood. A broad base of support has been created.

Outreach work presupposes a lifeworld perspective. You can only succeed if you really connect with the living environment of local residents. Participative work is therefore indispensable when doing outreach work. It is crucial to involve people from the community right from the start of the project.

Next steps: Now we need to take a step further. Looking to the future, it is important to link up even more with first-line professionals such as GPs, pharmacists, home nursing, etc. The pressure on first-line professionals, especially GPs, is high.
Developing a Patient-Focused Integrated Data Dictionary and Repository
Authors: Spiro Grace
Published: January 2024

Ontario Health Teams (OHTs) are a newer model of intersectoral health care in Ontario, Canada designed to provide integrated care across a variety of sectors and organizations to a large attributed population.  With the first cohort of OHTs being approved in 2019 and 4 cohorts being approved thereafter, each existing OHT is in a varying degree of maturity.  Under the OHT model, community organizations coordinate with OHTs as a unified team to provide integrated and cohesive care with a focus on population health. This type of coordination invites the challenge of organizing and sharing data across organizational partners in a stream-lined way to deliver timely and evidence-based care. Two OHTs addressed this challenge by developing a data dictionary and repository to better integrate data flow and identify gaps in services to better serve all members of the communities.

Based on the collective insights drawn from two OHTs, we present the results of a population health-based data development initiative. This process began with extensive engagement with partner organizations within each OHT and the collective governance teams, including patient and family advisory members. We then developed frameworks to begin asset mapping for data dictionary indicators to develop an understanding of what the current state was in the OHTs.  After the indicator mapping was completed, key indicators that were relevant for the current priorities of the OHT as determined in a collective stakeholder process were identified to develop a dynamic and timely data repository within the OHTs.

Significant learning has occurred with the development of the data dictionary and repository with the process encountering unexpected needs for education around data literacy and strategies to engage patients and collective governance structures.  Because these projects were being engaged simultaneously in two different OHTs that varied by cohort and attributed population demographics, a comparison to identify common and differing enablers and challenges will be undertaken.  Next steps once the data dictionary and repositories have been completed will be to evaluate the process and identify educational modules and frameworks that can be developed to promote data development and capacity within the OHTs in order to help them provide evidence-based integrated care to their communities.  These resources will enable future collaboration, inform planning and decision-making, and identify existing and potential data gaps within the OHTs.  Beyond the OHTs, understanding this process with the resulting frameworks and modules will be applicable across integrated care models of care that desire to build data literacy and capacity and engage in population health.
Reimagined day care for older people - supporting older people and caregivers to age in place.
Authors: Bennett Laura , Cameron Ailsa , Patsios Demi , Thorn Joanna , Willis Paul , West Karen , Hankins Simon , Green Ruth , Davies Sonia
Published: January 2024

There is a widespread view amongst policy makers, as well as some senior managers and commissioners in local authorities, that collective forms of day care for older people are outdated and not aligned with wider policy ambitions. However, there is also growing recognition, amongst advocacy organisations such as Carers UK and Age UK, that many older people and their caregivers would welcome the opportunity to attend collective day care services, as well as growing interest amongst providers of services and older people themselves about the need to transform provision.

As health and social care commissioners in England develop Integrated Care Systems, there is potential for reimagined day care for older people to play an important role in delivering person-centred, preventative and place-based care for older people and their caregivers, including enabling older people to live at home for longer as well as addressing wellbeing, loneliness and social isolation.

The presentation will outline findings from case studies visited as part of a National Institute for Health Research, School for Social Care Research study exploring the experiences of and aspirations for collective day care in England, from the perspectives of older people, their carers, those who work in or manage services, as well as local stakeholders from the health and care system. For this research, day care is defined as community building-based services that provide care and/or health related services and/or clubs and activities specifically for older people (65+) with care and support needs.

Case studies visited included a range of models of day care for older people including day centres for people living with dementia, small-scale day care based in a hosts home, to large-scale preventative provision for older people. The study explored: peoples experiences of attending; impact on wellbeing and health of older people and their caregivers; what an ideal model of day care would look like; experiences of day care through the COVID-19 pandemic; and relationships with local health and community partners.

Our findings highlight the role day care can play in providing opportunities for connection and friendship for older people who attend, supporting caregivers to sustain their caring role, and supporting physical and mental wellbeing and health of older people and their caregivers. Highlighting the importance of personal connections, joy and purposeful activity, design of the physical space and connections with local place, the presentation will discuss innovations in practice that may support a ‘reimagining of day care’, ensuring it meets the aspirations of older people and their caregivers, as well as supporting wider policy ambitions including how social care services can contribute to the wider preventative health agenda.
Interdisciplinary collaboration in the diagnostic practice of the Integrated Youth Care in Flanders: A focus group study
Authors: Van Gampelaere Cynthia , Vannieuwenhove Kimberly , El Kaddouri Rachida , De Ganck Julie
Published: January 2024

Background: In 2020, the Flemish Centre of Excellence in Diagnostics (Kwaliteitscentrum voor Diagnostiek vzw) published the General Intersectoral Guidelines for Diagnostics (GIGD). The goal of the GIGD is to aid professionals working in different (mental) health care sectors in Flanders to implement high-quality diagnostic processes. The GIGD defines high-quality diagnostic processes by naming and explaining seven important practices. It is unclear, however, how the GIGD impacted the diagnostic field since its publication and to what extent the practices are implemented. Therefore, this study examined how one of those practices, namely interdisciplinary collaboration, is used in the Integrated Youth Care in Flanders and what the needs are to strengthen this practice further.

Methods: Focus groups were organized with professionals in diagnostics working in nine organisations of the Integrated Youth Care in Flanders, among which centers of mental health care, rehabilitation, developmental disability, student guidance, pediatric psychiatry, etc. The number of participants of each organisation ranged from 1 to 15, with no participants from the centers of pediatric psychiatry. In total, 65 professionals participated. In each focus group, an introduction in the GIGD was followed by a structured discussion about the way in which diagnostic processes are carried out in each organisation and how interdisciplinary collaboration is present and which difficulties are met during the process.

Results: Participants from all organisations agree that interdisciplinary collaboration is at the heart of good diagnostic trajectories within their own organisation. Important features concern the inclusion of multiple and diverse viewpoints in an interdisciplinary team with members from different backgrounds and levels of experience; a trusting atmosphere to discuss and promote different opinions; time and resources to allow an in-depth discussion; an (external) supervisor to moderate and guide group processes. Participants further highlight the importance of continuous and joint care across organisations in Child- and Youth care. However, several pitfalls were addressed, which seem hard to overcome, such as a lack of trust due to incomplete and erroneous knowledge about each other's professional operations, endless waiting lists thwarting appropriate continuation of care, and rigid policy requirements and restrictions.

Conclusion: All participating organisations understand the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration as a prerequisite for high-quality diagnostic processes and integrated care and long for more collaboration. However, several pitfalls and obstacles complicate matters. There is need for practical guidelines, information dissemination, workshops and intervisions, financial aid and more leeway in intersectoral endeavors to help professionals overcome these obstacles.