bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA29: Genome-estimated African ancestry is associated with distinct tumor mutations and poorer survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Flowers Christopher R.
Published: December 2020

Significant differences have been observed in the incidence, age of onset, and clinical outcomes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) by race in the United States. However, it remains unclear what factors underlie these differences and whether genomic differences contribute to these disparities. In this talk Dr. Flowers will address the identified differences in baseline clinical characteristics for black and white patients with DLBCL and the relationships between race, sociodemographic factors, and outcomes. To understand the influences of genetic ancestry on tumor genomic alterations, in a recent paper (Lee et al., Cancer 2020), we estimated the genetic ancestry of 1,001 previously described patients with DLBCL (Reddy et al., Cell 2017) using unsupervised model-based Admixture global ancestry analysis applied to exome sequencing data and examined the mutational profile of 150 DLBCL driver genes in tumors obtained from this cohort. Global ancestry prediction identified 619 patients with >90% European ancestry, 81 patients with >90% African ancestry, and 50 patients with >90% Asian ancestry. Compared with patients with DLBCL with European ancestry, patients with African ancestry were aged >10 years younger at the time of diagnosis and were more likely to present with B symptoms, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase, extranodal disease, and advanced stage disease. Patients with African ancestry demonstrated worse overall survival compared with patients with European ancestry (median, 4.9 years vs. 8.8 years; P = .04). Recurrent mutations of MLL2 (KMT2D), HIST1H1E, MYD88, BCL2, and PIM1 were found across all ancestry groups, suggesting shared mechanisms underlying tumor biology. The authors also identified 6 DLBCL driver genes that were more commonly mutated in patients with African ancestry compared with patients with European ancestry: ATM (21.0% vs. 7.75%; P < .001), MGA (19.7% vs. 5.33%; P < .001), SETD2 (17.3% vs. 5.17%; P < .001), TET2 (12.3% vs. 5.82%; P = .029), MLL3 (KMT2C) (11.1% vs. 4.36%; P = .013), and DNMT3A (11.1% vs. 4.52%; P = .016). Distinct prevalence and patterns of mutation highlight an important difference in the mutational landscapes of DLBCL arising in different ancestry groups. This characterization of genetic alterations among patients with African descent who are diagnosed with DLBCL provides a roadmap for future studies in other lymphoid malignancies and a pathway for drug development in areas where these genetic alterations are found to be associated with worse clinical outcomes.

Citation Format: Christopher R. Flowers. Genome-estimated African ancestry is associated with distinct tumor mutations and poorer survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: Advances in Malignant Lymphoma; 2020 Aug 17-19. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Blood Cancer Discov 2020;1(3_Suppl):Abstract nr IA29.
Abstract PO-01: Transcriptional dimensions provide a framework for describing tumor heterogeneity in CLL
Authors: Feusier Julie E. , Waller Rosalie G. , Madsen Michael J. , Avery Brian , Camp Nicola J.
Published: December 2020

Our goal is to define multiple informative transcriptome variables that capture sources of heterogeneity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, for flexible modeling in epidemiology and clinical studies. CD19+/CD5+ B-cells were sorted from whole blood of 227 CLL patients and RNA was sequenced on the HiSeq4000 or NovaSeq platforms as part of the ORIEN Avatar Initiative. Transcript-based read counts were generated from FASTQ files using Salmon. High-quality genes were selected and read counts internally normalized and corrected for batch effects using ComBat. Preprocessing resulted in a final set of 8,716 quality-controlled, autosomal, protein-coding genes. PCA was performed and, using a scree test, we selected 14 dimensions that represented 55.9% of the total variance across the CLL patients' transcriptomes. Fourteen quantitative, orthogonal CLL dimension variables were calculated for all 227 patients. By design, these CLL dimensions capture transcriptome variance and provide novel multi-gene expression biomarkers. We assessed whether these CLL transcriptome dimensions captured known clinically relevant molecular differences. First, we investigated associations with IGVH mutational status (determined using MiXCR). CLL dimension variables 1, 5, 6, and 8 predicted IGHV mutational status (p=4.6x10-16). Next, we investigated associations with ZAP70 and CD38 biomarkers, calculated by their expression in the RNA sequencing data using a separate pipeline and correcting for batch effects by ComBat (neither gene was in the 8,716 genes retained for PCA). CLL dimension variables 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8 significantly predicted Zap70 expression (p=1.6x10-38). CLL dimension variables 2, 3, 5, and 6 significantly predicted CD38 expression (p=3.1x10-31). Transcriptome dimension variables provide a flexible intrinsic framework to describe heterogeneity across CLL patients. We have shown that our transcriptome dimensions capture IGHV mutational status and ZAP70 and CD38 expression, all biomarkers for prognosis. Future work will include exploring the ability of the 14 dimensions to capture other known important molecular markers for CLL, including somatic deletion of 17p deletion, somatic mutational patterns, microsatellite instability, and previously described expression-based subgroups. Transcriptome dimensions are designed for utility as predictor variables, alongside other covariates, in parametric modeling, and have the potential to improve both epidemiology and clinical studies.

Citation Format: Julie E. Feusier, Rosalie G. Waller, Michael J. Madsen, Brian Avery, Nicola J. Camp. Transcriptional dimensions provide a framework for describing tumor heterogeneity in CLL [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: Advances in Malignant Lymphoma; 2020 Aug 17-19. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Blood Cancer Discov 2020;1(3_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-01.
Abstract PO-44: Past infection and risk of adolescent/young adult HL
Authors: Saleh Maryam , Hwang Amie , Simon Julia , Mack Thomas M. , Waterboer Tim , Cozen Wendy
Published: December 2020

Background: Adolescent/young adult (AYA) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) risk is increasingly linked to a deficit of microbial exposure in early life, especially from fecal-oral transmission.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we examined past exposure to 15 infections in serum samples from 291 AYA HL cases and 194 of their unaffected family members. We measured antibodies to HSV1, HSV2, VZV, EBV, HHV7, HCMV, HHV6, KSHV, S. gallolyticus, F. nucleatum, T. gondii, H. pylori, Rubella virus, and Parvovirus B19 using a multiplex serology bead array (Luminex). A positive history was determined by a titer threshold specific for each infection. A logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of AYA HL risk for each infection separately adjusted for sex and age at sampling. We then applied the same logistic regression model, adding an adjustment for family.

Results: Evidence of past HHV6 infection was associated with an increased risk of AYA HL (OR= 1.80; 95% CI= 1.06-3.07). Having antibodies to H. pylori was associated with a decreased risk (OR= 0.49; 95% CI= 0.25-0.98). An increasing number of fecal-oral infections (H. pylori, T. gondii) was associated with a decreasing risk of AYA HL (ptrend<0.001), while an increasing number of respiratory-transmitted infections (Rubella virus, Parvovirus) was not significantly associated (ptrend=0.062). After adjusting for family, infection with Parvovirus was the only significant risk factor for AYA HL (OR=3.8,1.06-13.6).

Conclusions: We show preliminary evidence for an inverse association between fecal-oral transmitted agents and risk of AYA HL, supporting the hypothesis that a deficit of early life fecal-oral transmitted microbes may be associated with increased risk. HHV6 and Parvovirus were associated with an increased risk, possibly due to a subclinical immune deficiency or an unknown mechanism. In the final presentation, we will add data from 40 additional unaffected family members currently missing age, and results by histology and EBV status.

Citation Format: Maryam Saleh, Amie Hwang, Julia Simon, Thomas M. Mack, Tim Waterboer, Wendy Cozen. Past infection and risk of adolescent/young adult HL [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: Advances in Malignant Lymphoma; 2020 Aug 17-19. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Blood Cancer Discov 2020;1(3_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-44.
Feasibility of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Relative Indications
Authors: Liu Yaojiang , Qian Dan , Tang Bo , Fan Chaoqiang , Yu Jin , Lin Hui , Bai Jianying , Zhao Xiaoyan
Published: December 2020

Backgrounds: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been widely performed in the treatment of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Few studies have compared the long-term outcomes of esophageal ESD based on absolute indications and relative indications. The aim of the current study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of ESD for early ESCC with relative indications. Methods: 297 patients with early ESCC who underwent ESD were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into 3 groups: group A, the absolute indications group; group B, the relative indications without additional treatment after ESD group; and group C, the relative indications with additional treatment after ESD group. The baseline characteristics, therapeutic efficacy, complications, prognosis outcomes, and follow-up data were evaluated. Results: During the median follow-up period of 51.0 months (range 6–101 months), the incidence of local recurrence in groups A, B, and C was 1.63% (3/184), 4.23% (3/71), and 0 (0/42), respectively (p = 0.253). The 5-year overall survival rates were 97.83% (95% CI: 95.69–99.95%) in group A, 95.77% (95% CI: 90.95–100.00%) in group B, and 97.62% (95% CI: 92.81–100.00%) in group C with no significant differences among these 3 groups. Conclusions: ESD is a feasible and effective treatment for early ESCC with relative indications. Under the premise of sufficient preoperative assessment and scheduled postoperative endoscopic surveillance, additional treatment might not be necessary for patients with relative indications after ESD procedures.
A Longitudinal Study of Bidirectional Relationships between Sleep Disorder and Frequency of Nocturia: Results from the Iwaki Health Promotion Project
Authors: Konishi Sakae , Hatakeyama Shingo , Imai Atsushi , Kumagai Mika , Okamoto Teppei , Okita Kazutaka , Hamano Itsuto , Narita Takuma , Kojima Yuta , Iwamura Hiromichi , Yamamoto Hayato , Yoneyama Tohru , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Ohyama Chikara
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The causal relationship between sleep disorder and frequency of nocturia remains unclear. Methods: We longitudinally evaluated sleep disorder and frequency of nocturia in 547 community-dwelling adults between baseline and 5-year follow-up. We included participants ≥50 years old who have no sleep disorder (the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] ≥ 5) nor nocturia (≥1). For 5 years, we evaluated the temporal changes in sleep disorder and nocturia and the bidirectional relationships between sleep disorder and nocturia. Results: Of the 547 participants, we included 268 adults with a median age of 61 years in this study. Median PSQI and nocturia were significantly increased for 5 years from 2 to 3 and from 1 to 2, respectively. New onset of sleep disorder (PSQI > 5) and nocturia >1 was observed in 42 (16%) and 137 (51%) participants, respectively. The cross-lagged panel analysis showed that the path coefficient from PSQI to nocturia (β = 0.22, p = 0.031) was significantly higher than that from nocturia to PSQI (β = 0.02, p = 0.941). Conclusions: Our longitudinal study showed the effect of sleep disorder on nocturia was significant, although nocturia may not significantly worsen sleep disorder in community-dwelling adults.
Correlation of Vitamin D3 with the Expression of RORγt and Foxp3 mRNAs in the Peripheral Blood of Myasthenia Gravis Patients
Authors: Huang Pan , He Xiao-ying , Xu Min
Published: December 2020

Objectives: to investigate the expression levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the peripheral blood from patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and to correlate levels with retinoid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) and forkhead or winged-helix transcription factor 3 (Foxp3) mRNA expression. Methods: Sixty-seven patients with MG were enrolled in the experimental group, and 50 normal subjects were selected as the control group. The expression levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 and RORγt and Foxp3 mRNAs were measured in the serum of the 2 patient groups and the relationship between factors were correlated with the severity score of MG. The relationship between the levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 and the relative expressions of RORγt and Foxp3 mRNAs was determined. Results: There were no differences between groups regarding patient’s baseline data. 1,25(OH)2D3 and RORγt and Foxp3 mRNAs are differentially expressed in the MG group and the control group (p < 0.05). QMG score is negatively correlated with the expression level of peripheral blood 1,25(OH)2D3 and Foxp3 mRNA (r = −0.797, −0.543; p < 0.01) and positively correlated with the relative expression level of RORγt mRNA (r = 0.539; p < 0.01). 1,25(OH)2D3 expression level was negatively correlated with the relative expression of RORγt mRNA (r = −0.559; p < 0.01) and positively correlated with the relative expression of Foxp3 mRNA (r = 0.390; p < 0.01). Conclusions: The levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 were shown to be lower in patients with MG compared to normal controls. The observed low levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 may lead to changes in the expression of RORγt and Foxp3 mRNAs involved in MG.
How Do the Recent Major Randomized Controlled Trials Inform Best Use of the Novel Glucose-Lowering Agents?
Authors: Sukkar Louisa , Young Tamara , Jardine Meg J.
Published: December 2020

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Some newer glucose-lowering agents confer both cardiac and kidney benefits, as supported by robust data from recent high-quality randomized controlled trials. The decision-making process when selecting glucose-lowering medications for T2DM now extends beyond glycaemia and metabolic effects, and towards additional benefits such as prevention of other complications. Summary: We review the evidence for efficacy in 3 new classes of medication for T2DM and additionally discuss relevant safety issues when considering optimal agents. Key Messages: Clinicians have multiple efficacy and safety factors to consider when selecting agents for glucose lowering in T2DM, and this should help direct individualized selection of pharmacotherapy for patients. New medications offer an opportunity to prevent cardiac and renal complications in people with T2DM.
Treatment Outcome Measurement Instruments for Port Wine Stains: A Systematic Review of Their Measurement Properties
Authors: van Raath M. Ingmar , Chohan Sandeep , Wolkerstorfer Albert , van der Horst Chantal M.A.M. , Limpens Jacqueline , Huang Xuan , Ding Baoyue , Storm Gert , van der Hulst René R.W.J. , Heger Michal
Published: December 2020

Background: A plethora of outcome measurement instruments (OMIs) are being used in port wine stain (PWS) studies. It is currently unclear how valid, responsive, and reliable these are. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to appraise the content validity and other measurement properties of OMIs for PWS treatment to identify the most appropriate instruments and future research priorities. Methods: This study was performed using the updated Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) methodology and adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Comprehensive searches in Medline and Embase were performed. Studies in which an OMI for PWS patients was developed or its measurement properties were evaluated were included. Two investigators independently extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies and instruments to perform qualitative synthesis of the evidence. Results: In total, 1,034 articles were screened, and 77 full-text articles were reviewed. A total of 8 studies were included that reported on 6 physician-reported OMIs of clinical improvement and 6 parent- or patient-reported OMIs of life impact, of which 3 for health-related quality of life and 1 for perceived stigmatization. Overall, the quality of OMI development was inadequate (63%) or doubtful (37%). Each instrument has undergone a very limited evaluation in PWS patients. No content validity studies were performed. The quality of evidence for content validity was very low (78%), low (15%), or moderate (7%), with sufficient comprehensibility, mostly sufficient comprehensiveness, and mixed relevance. No studies on responsiveness, minimal important change, and cross-cultural validity were retrieved. There was moderate- to very low-quality evidence for sufficient inter-rater reliability for some clinical PWS OMIs. Internal consistency and measurement error were indeterminate in all studies. Conclusions: There was insufficient evidence to properly guide outcome selection. Additional assessment of the measurement properties of OMIs is needed, preferentially guided by a core domain set tailored to PWS.
Radiation-Associated Glioblastoma after Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in a Patient of ALL: Review of Literature and Report of a Rare Case
Authors: Biswas Ahitagni , Kashyap Lakhan , Bakhshi Sameer
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The cumulative incidence of radiation-induced second malignancy is 1–2% per decade after radiotherapy (RT). Radiation-induced malignant glioma (RIMG) is a rare complication of cranial RT. Case Presentation: We herein describe a case of left frontal glioblastoma arising 5 years after prophylactic cranial irradiation (12.6 Gy/7 fractions/1.5 weeks) as a part of INCTR-02-04 protocol in a 3-year-old boy with B-cell ALL. He underwent gross total excision (GTE) of the tumour followed by post-operative intensity modulated RT (59.4 Gy/33 fractions/6.5 weeks) and concurrent and adjuvant (3 cycles) temozolomide. Thereafter, he had rapid disease progression, which entailed re-excision of the recurrent tumour. Subsequently, there was widespread subependymal and leptomeningeal spread of tumour, leading to death 10.5 months after the initial diagnosis. Conclusion: RIMG is an aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis, and in spite of multimodality management, it exhibits relentless progression, occasionally characterized by subependymal and leptomeningeal dissemination, leading to eventual death within a year of diagnosis.
Continuidades e descontinuidades: a Arqueologia Aratu-Sapucaí e a história indígena ‘Cayapó’
Authors: Asnis Gabriel Zissi Peres , Mano Marcel
Published: December 2020

O artigo busca problematizar as associações diretas e acríticas entre grupos ceramistas da tradição arqueológica Aratu-Sapucaí e grupos conhecidos na documentação como “Cayapó”. Nas regiões dos atuais Triângulo Mineiro, alto Paranaíba, sul de Goiás e norte de São Paulo, a sobreposição espaço-temporal de ocupações de grupos daquela tradição e os mencionados nas fontes fez propor uma continuidade cultural entre povos afastados historicamente. A imagem de uma história linear e de uma cultura fossilizada esqueceu-se que os índios das fontes documentais foram descritos em situação colonial, um ambiente marcado por intensos contatos e disputas de interesses. De fato, tanto dados arqueológicos como documentais insistem em mostrar constantes contatos e transformações. Registros fósseis dessa tradição apontam influências de outras; e registros documentais dos “Cayapó” evidenciam uma complexa e intricada rede de relações com diferentes alteridades. Por isso, tanto a história dos grupos produtores da cerâmica Aratu-Sapucaí como a dos “Cayapó” coloniais não podem ser pensadas como isoladas, mas compostas de fronteiras porosas nas quais se expandiram, se retraíram e se sobrepuseram uma série de agenciamentos. Nessas fronteiras moldadas pelos contatos transitaram em redes não estruturadas pessoas, bens simbólicos, materiais, conhecimentos e técnicas que, por todos os lados e em todas as direções, direta ou indiretamente, impactaram e renovaram tradições. Sob essas condições, artefatos arqueológicos devem ser o registro físico dessas mudanças e não a evidência de uma continuidade. O artigo mobiliza então dados da Arqueologia, da História Indígena e da Antropologia com o propósito de levantar barreiras no trajeto que leva grupos do passado pré-colonial a aterrissarem no contexto colonial, ou vice-versa.
Arqueologia colaborativa não é o fim
Authors: Colwell Chip , Lopes Rafael de Almeida
Published: December 2020

Há mais de um século atrás a arqueologia científica estava presa nas teias do colonialismo. Ao redor do globo, nações extraiam recursos culturais de locais distantes – mais frequentemente em comunidades indígenas – para tecer histórias, construir museus, e arrecadar prestígio e poder para acadêmicos e suas instituições. Nos anos setenta, ativistas indígenas e seus aliados começaram a criticar esse modelo e a propor alternativas que empoderavam comunidades locais para controlar seu próprio patrimônio. Uma das ideias mais importantes desse movimento foi a de arqueologia colaborativa, que defende um compartilhamento equiparado do passado entre cientistas e membros das comunidades. A colaboração gerou novas possibilidades radicais para a arqueologia. Entretanto, chegamos a um momento importante, no qual temos que considerar como a colaboração corre o risco de reforçar estruturas de poder colonialistas, quando é praticada como um meio e não como um fim. Colaboração em arqueologia não é uma solução para o colonialismo, mas uma ferramenta que comunidades e acadêmicos podem usar para concretizar a busca da disciplina por um futuro pós-colonial.
Xanthine Oxidase Drives Hemolysis and Vascular Malfunction in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Schmidt Heidi M. , Wood Katherine C. , Lewis Sara E. , Hahn Scott A. , Williams Xena M. , McMahon Brenda , Baust Jeffrey J. , Yuan Shuai , Bachman Timothy N. , Wang Yekai , Oh Joo-Yeun , Ghosh Samit , Ofori-Acquah Solomon F. , Lebensburger Jeffrey D. , Patel Rakesh P. , Du Jianhai , Vitturi Dario A. , Kelley Eric E. , Straub Adam C.
Published: December 2020

Objective:

Chronic hemolysis is a hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD) and a driver of vasculopathy; however, the mechanisms contributing to hemolysis remain incompletely understood. Although XO (xanthine oxidase) activity has been shown to be elevated in SCD, its role remains unknown. XO binds endothelium and generates oxidants as a byproduct of hypoxanthine and xanthine catabolism. We hypothesized that XO inhibition decreases oxidant production leading to less hemolysis.

Approach and Results:

Wild-type mice were bone marrow transplanted with control (AA) or sickle (SS) Townes bone marrow. After 12 weeks, mice were treated with 10 mg/kg per day of febuxostat (Uloric), Food and Drug Administration–approved XO inhibitor, for 10 weeks. Hematologic analysis demonstrated increased hematocrit, cellular hemoglobin, and red blood cells, with no change in reticulocyte percentage. Significant decreases in cell-free hemoglobin and increases in haptoglobin suggest XO inhibition decreased hemolysis. Myographic studies demonstrated improved pulmonary vascular dilation and blunted constriction, indicating improved pulmonary vasoreactivity, whereas pulmonary pressure and cardiac function were unaffected. The role of hepatic XO in SCD was evaluated by bone marrow transplanting hepatocyte-specific XO knockout mice with SS Townes bone marrow. However, hepatocyte-specific XO knockout, which results in >50% diminution in circulating XO, did not affect hemolysis levels or vascular function, suggesting hepatocyte-derived elevation of circulating XO is not the driver of hemolysis in SCD.

Conclusions:

Ten weeks of febuxostat treatment significantly decreased hemolysis and improved pulmonary vasoreactivity in a mouse model of SCD. Although hepatic XO accounts for >50% of circulating XO, it is not the source of XO driving hemolysis in SCD.
Lipid Receptor GPR31 (G-Protein–Coupled Receptor 31) Regulates Platelet Reactivity and Thrombosis Without Affecting Hemostasis
Authors: Van Doren Layla , Nguyen Nga , Garzia Christopher , Fletcher Elizabeth K. , Stevenson Ryan , Jaramillo David , Kuliopulos Athan , Covic Lidija
Published: December 2020

Objective:

12-LOX (12-lipoxygenase) produces a number of bioactive lipids including 12(S)-HETE that are involved in inflammation and platelet reactivity. The GPR31 (G-protein–coupled receptor 31) is the proposed receptor of 12(S)-HETE; however, it is not known whether the 12(S)-HETE-GPR31 signaling axis serves to enhance or inhibit platelet activity.

Approach and Results:

Using pepducin technology and biochemical approaches, we provide evidence that 12(S)-HETE-GPR31 signals through Gi to enhance PAR (protease-activated receptor)-4–mediated platelet activation and arterial thrombosis using both human platelets and mouse carotid artery injury models. 12(S)-HETE suppressed AC (adenylyl cyclase) activity through GPR31 and resulted in Rap1 (Ras-related protein 1) and p38 activation and low but detectable calcium flux but did not induce platelet aggregation. A GPR31 third intracellular (i3) loop–derived pepducin, GPR310 (G-protein–coupled receptor 310), significantly inhibited platelet aggregation in response to thrombin, collagen, and PAR4 agonist, AYPGKF, in human and mouse platelets but relative sparing of PAR1 agonist SFLLRN in human platelets. GPR310 treatment gave a highly significant 80% protection (
P
=0.0018) against ferric chloride–induced carotid artery injury in mice by extending occlusion time, without any effect on tail bleeding. PAR4-mediated dense granule secretion and calcium flux were both attenuated by GPR310. Consistent with these results, GPR310 inhibited 12(S)-HETE–mediated and PAR4-mediated Rap1-GTP and RASA3 translocation to the plasma membrane and attenuated PAR4-Akt and ERK activation. GPR310 caused a right shift in thrombin-mediated human platelet aggregation, comparable to the effects of inhibition of the Gi-coupled P2Y
12
receptor. Co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed that GPR31 and PAR4 form a heterodimeric complex in recombinant systems.

Conclusions:

The 12-LOX product 12(S)-HETE stimulates GPR31-Gi–signaling pathways, which enhance thrombin-PAR4 platelet activation and arterial thrombosis in human platelets and mouse models. Suppression of this bioactive lipid pathway, as exemplified by a GPR31 pepducin antagonist, may provide beneficial protective effects against platelet aggregation and arterial thrombosis with minimal effect on hemostasis.
Patients With COVID-19 Have Elevated Levels of Circulating Extracellular Vesicle Tissue Factor Activity That Is Associated With Severity and Mortality—Brief Report
Authors: Rosell Axel , Havervall Sebastian , von Meijenfeldt Fien , Hisada Yohei , Aguilera Katherina , Grover Steven P. , Lisman Ton , Mackman Nigel , Thålin Charlotte
Published: December 2020

Objective:

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a high rate of thrombosis. We hypothesized that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection leads to induction of TF (tissue factor) expression and increased levels of circulating TF-positive extracellular vesicles (EV) that may drive thrombosis.

Approach and Results:

We measured levels of plasma EV TF activity in 100 patients with COVID-19 with moderate and severe disease and 28 healthy controls. Levels of EV TF activity were significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 compared with controls. In addition, levels of EV TF activity were associated with disease severity and mortality. Finally, levels of EV TF activity correlated with several plasma markers, including D-dimer, which has been shown to be associated with thrombosis in patients with COVID-19.

Conclusions:

Our results indicate that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection induces the release of TF-positive EVs into the circulation that are likely to contribute to thrombosis in patients with COVID-19. EV TF activity was also associated with severity and mortality.
Appropriation: A New Approach to Religious Transformation in Late Antiquity
Authors: Dijkstra Jitse H. F.
Published: December 2020

In this article, I propose the concept of “appropriation,” widely used in cross-cultural contexts, as a new approach to the process of religious transformation in Late Antiquity. This approach has the advantage that it encompasses the entire spectrum of individual responses to the impact of Christianity that characterizes the period. It is thus a particularly dynamic concept, as it accurately takes into account the interactive nature of the process and views it “from the bottom-up,” highlighting human agency. The variety of responses is illustrated by three case studies from Egypt — literature, monumental architecture (temples and churches), and magic — which can be regarded as exemplary for studying similar aspects of the religious transformation process in other areas of the (Eastern) Roman Empire. In each of these cases, the topic has until quite recently been viewed in terms of a “pagan” vs. Christianity framework, which has now been replaced by a more complex picture that exposes to the fullest extent the different forms of appropriation.
Procedural Developments at the International Criminal Court (2019)
Authors: Le Floch Guillaume , Lemey Marie , Paiola Lucie
Published: December 2020

The current column covers selected procedural developments at the International Criminal Court (ICC) in 2019. During the reporting period, the Court faced serious challenges and controversies. To some extent, its credibility as a judicial institution has been undermined by certain decisions. Nevertheless, as in recent years, the ICC has delivered numerous decisions, taking such opportunities to clarify specific aspects of proceedings before the Court.
Rescuing Humanitarian Intervention from Liberal Hegemony
Authors: Peak Thomas
Published: December 2020

This article presents a normative account of legitimate humanitarian intervention. Presenting a pragmatic and ideologically neutral standard for intervention, it repositions humanitarian intervention within the context of its two most closely related practices: Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and liberal intervention. While distinct from R2P, humanitarian intervention is not in conflict with this political commitment. A consistent application of humanitarian intervention would indeed strengthen R2P. On the other hand, this normative account also distinguishes the principle of legitimate humanitarian intervention from the problematic conflation with liberal intervention. Liberal intervention reflects the more expansive project of international social engineering and ‘liberal hegemony’ pursued by the United States and its principle allies since the end of the Cold War. By clarifying the distinction between humanitarian intervention and liberal intervention, this revised standard overcomes several obstacles emerging from their conceptual confusion. It crafts a normatively acceptable standard for intervention which can garner broad international support.
Les monts Nouba : une région riche de ses langues
Authors: Quint Nicolas , Manfredi Stefano
Published: December 2020

Since Quint (2006), no general account of the languages spoken in the Nuba Mountains has ever been published in French. This paper aims at filling that gap. In section 1, we introduce the various languages spoken today in the Nuba Mountains, emphasizing the importance of native tongues but also mentioning the other languages in use in that region, in particular several local varieties of Arabic. In section two, we show that, in spite of their many typological and phylogenetic differences, most of Nuba Mountain languages do share a significant amount of commonalities, allowing to conceive of the region as an area of linguistic convergence. We conclude on the challenges and prospects that future research on the Nuba Mountain languages is expected to meet on the brink of the second quarter of the 21st century.
Tmesis in Ebang (Heiban, Kordofanian)
Authors: Schadeberg Thilo C.
Published: December 2020

This paper describes an intricate pattern of subject placement in Ebang, a Kordofanian language spoken in the Nuba Mountains (Sudan). In this construction, a lexical subject appears within a complex verb form. The lexical subject may consist of a bare noun or a whole noun phrase. The insertion point is immediately before the verb stem but after all inflectional morphology. The initial part of the discontinuous verb form is shown to be not a word but a bound form, suggesting that the notions of morphological word and syntactic atom need not coincide.
Verbal Number and Grammatical Relations in Tagle
Authors: Jakobi Angelika , Ibrahim Ali , Gulfan Gumma Ibrahim
Published: December 2020

In Tagle, verbal number, as realized by singular and plural stems, has not only aspectual functions in expressing single and multiple events. Verbal number also serves as a morphosyntactic device encoding specific grammatical relations : The selection of a singular or plural stem is sensitive to the number of the intransitive subject (S) and the transitive object (P) participant. In derived ditransitive applicative constructions, the stem selection depends on the semantic roles of the two object participants. When they are assigned the roles of Beneficiary (B) and Theme (T), it is the number of the direct object T (rather than the indirect/applied object B) which selects a singular or plural stem. When assigned the roles of Experiencer (Exp) and T, however, the Exp (rather than T) interacts with verbal number.

When comparing the two ditransitive objects of the Beneficiary construction, B and T, to the object P and when taking their interaction with verbal number as parameter of the comparison, one finds that T and P (rather than B) interact with verbal number. The alignment of T with P and the non-alignment of B can be identified as indirect object construction, T = P ≠ B.

However, when the Exp role is assigned to the indirect/applied object and the T role to the direct object, Exp (rather than T) selects the singular or plural stem, i.e. Exp behaves like P. This alignment pattern, Exp = P ≠ T, is known as secondary-object construction.
Towards a unified analysis of Katcha nominal modifiers
Authors: Turner Darryl
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a description and analysis of the syntax of nominal modifiers in Katcha. The three main types of nominal modifiers in Katcha, demonstratives, possessive noun phrases and relative clauses, all agree with their head noun in gender, are morphologically marked when their head noun is a peripheral argument of the verb, and can occur in ‘headless’ constructions where there is no overt head noun. In the latter case they have a pronominal interpretation.

The paper argues that a unified account of all nominal modifiers can be provided by adopting two premises: firstly, the possessive and relative markers are allomorphs of the proximal demonstrative; secondly, demonstratives in Katcha are pronouns rather than determiners. All nominal modifiers can then be characterized as appositional phrases headed by demonstrative pronouns. This characterization allows the inclusion of the medial and distal pronouns into the system, explaining why they have a different form to all other nominal modifiers, but identical distribution.

The final section adds cross-linguistic perspective by discussing the relationship between this analysis of Katcha and the notion of construct state, most familiar in Semitic, but which has been argued to be a concept appropriate to a number of African languages.
Flight, Climate Change, and Dangerous Times for Art and Pedagogy
Authors: Denton Andrew , Gibbons Andrew
Published: December 2020

In his last book Chaosmosis, Felix Guattari (1995, p. 129) argues that both “intellectuals and artists have got nothing to teach anyone,” and that they produce “toolkits composed of concepts, percepts and affects, which diverse publics will use at their convenience.” In this video presentation and accompanying article, the authors explore Guattari’s claim as a provocation for visual pedagogy and play with the idea that an artist might have nothing to teach anyone in relation to the idea of visual pedagogies. And, then, what happens when an artist and a teacher talk about visual pedagogies? To open up a dialogue, they employ the cliché, ‘I don’t know much about art but I know what I like’. This statement invites thoughts on the tensions between truth-telling, disciplinarity, and affect. Here the authors take the cliché a step further within the context of visual pedagogies and meaning making. They position this dialogue with the cinematic art work, Flight (2018), which aims to give the viewer a different sensation of the world, to render the familiar unfamiliar, and to let things be (Roder & Sturm, 2017), in order to think differently.
Two new synonyms of Macromitrium tosae (Orthotrichaceae) with a key to Indian species of Macromitrium
Authors: LI DANDAN , ZHANG ZEYOU , GUO SHUILIANG
Published: December 2020

Lectotypes are designated for Macromitrium hamatum Dixon and M. lingulatum Cardot & P. de la Varde and the two species names are placed in synonymy with Macromitrium tosae Besch.. Thailand and India are new distribution records for the species. A key to Indian species of the genus Macromitrium is presented.
Sequestrate syndrome in Bondarzewia guaitecasensis (Fungi, Basidiomycota)? The case of Hybogaster giganteus revisited
Authors: PALFNER GÖTZ , GALLEGUILLOS FELIPE , ARNOLD NORBERT , CASANOVA-KATNY ANGÉLICA , HORAK EGON
Published: December 2020

Based on comparison of molecular, morphological and ecological data, we propose that Hybogaster giganteus Singer, a parasitic basidiomycete on stem bases and coarse roots of Nothofagus in Chile, is conspecifically related to the sympatric Bondarzewia guaitecasensis. According to our concept, H. giganteus is representing a sequestrate form of the latter and is hence recombined and formally described as Bondarzewia guaitecasensis f. gigantea; we further discuss the evidence that its sequestrate morphology may provide higher resistance to drought stress in early autumn, extending the sporulation season of the species.
Nomenclatural adjustments in Amazonian Myrcia sect. Aulomyrcia (Myrtaceae)

Authors: GAEM PAULO HENRIQUE , MAZINE FIORELLA FERNANDA , LUCAS EVE
Published: December 2020

Most recent studies support a broad circumscription of the Neotropical genus Myrcia De Candolle (1827: 401), now including species previously recognised in Calyptranthes Swartz (1788: 79) and Marlierea Cambessèdes (1833: 373) based on molecular and morphological evidence (e.g. Lucas et al. 2011, 2018, Lourenço 2015, Staggemeier et al. 2015, Wilson et al. 2016, Santos et al. 2017, Amorim et al. 2019). The majority of the consequent nomenclatural changes were made (e.g. Lucas et al. 2016, Lourenço et al. 2018, Campbell et al. 2019), but as an unfortunate consequence of large-scale taxonomic manoeuvering, some replacement names have been found superfluous according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Turland et al. 2018). The Code stipulates that the correct name of a species must be composed of the currently accepted genus and the epithet of the earliest legitimate name published for the taxon. When the combination that would result from a direct transfer is not available (i.e., it has already been published before), then the next earliest legitimate epithet applied to the species, from any of the genera implicated, should be used instead (Art. 14.1). Under this rule, a new name must be published for a species only when none of the epithets of its legitimate names are available for a combination in the accepted genus. Necessary corrections have already been made by Lima et al. (2020) and Lourenço et al. (2020), and two further adjustments are here proposed for names published by Lucas et al. (2016). Unless specified, digital images of all specimens cited below were viewed for this work.
A remarkable new species of Micropeza Meigen (Diptera: Micropezidae) from Caatinga biome, Brazil
Authors: SOARES MATHEUS M. M. , BARROS LUANA M. , ALE-ROCHA ROSALY
Published: December 2020

We report for the first time the occurrence of genus Micropeza from Caatinga biome, through the description of M. chiroptera sp. nov. The new species is probably closely related to M. dactyloptera Harterreiten-Souza, Sujii & Pujol-Luz, 2014 by the finger-shaped projection on costal vein. A key of Micropeza species with a finger-shaped projection on costal vein and a distribution map of these species are provided.
Description of a new Neotropical spider genus in the family Ctenidae Keyserling, 1877 (Araneae: Lycosoidea) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest
Authors: PEREIRA MARIA PAULA , LABARQUE FACUNDO , POLOTOW DANIELE
Published: December 2020

A new Neotropical genus of Ctenidae from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest is described based on male and female characters: Bulboctenus gen. nov. Three new species are described for the genus: Bulboctenus kayapo sp. nov., Bulboctenus itunaitata sp. nov. and Bulboctenus munduruku sp. nov. The genus can be distinguished from other Ctenidae by males with median apophysis oriented horizontally, perpendicular to the tegulum, RTA strongly excavated anteriorly, metatarsi III and IV with bulbous setae ventrally, sternum and coxae with thick setae; and females with median sector of the epigyne hexagonal with two posterior conical projections ventrally and elevated lateral margins. Discussion on the modification on the leg setae across the Neotropical Ctenids species are given.
The larva of Chaetopteryx rugulosa Kolenati 1848 (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae), with notes on ecology and zoogeography
Authors: ZWEIDICK OLIVER , GRAF WOLFRAM , WARINGER JOHANN
Published: December 2020

This paper gives a description of the hitherto unknown larva of Chaetopteryx rugulosa Kolenati 1848 (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae). Information on the morphology of the larva is given, and the most important diagnostic features are figured. In the context of the known European Chaetopterygini and Stenophylacini species, the larva of C. rugulosa can be separated from morphologically close species by metanotal sclerite morphology, setation, the extension of the lateral fringe, and by case morphology.
Social Capital and Its Impacts on Prison Life: Is Visitation a Conduit?
Authors: Anderson Claudia N. , Cochran Joshua C. , Toman Elisa L.
Published: December 2020

This paper examines how social capital prior to incarceration may contribute to experiences during incarceration and whether visitation allows social capital to have protective effects. We investigate, too, whether disadvantages experienced during incarceration by racial and ethnic minorities, women, and individuals in poverty can be explained in part by reduced social capital. We test these ideas using national-level survey data from state prison inmates and a series of regression and mediation analyses. Three main findings emerge: (1) Pre-prison social capital reduces in-prison deviance and improves optimism about reentry. (2) Social capital operates through visitation to reduce social isolation. (3) There is some limited evidence that group disparities in in-prison experiences can be explained by inequalities in social capital.
A Body of Knowledge: The Role of Human Experience and the Living Body in Knowing
Authors: Ollagnier-Beldame Magali
Published: December 2020

The study of ways of knowing is a major topic in psychology and cognitive science. However, one might argue that subjectivity and human experience as roots of knowing are seldom addressed, despite the perspectives that they may offer. Our work investigates the epistemic status of experience and the living body in knowledge processes. It asserts that human experience contains a myriad richness and argues that a first-person epistemology and precise methods are needed to genuinely conduct experiential research. The stakes of such a proposal are not only epistemological but also nourish an ethical and societal goal.
Wellbeing and Sense of Coherence Among Female Offenders and Non-Offenders: The Importance of Education
Authors: Zajenkowska Anna , Jasielska Dorota , Rajchert Joanna , Nawrocka Katarzyna , Macianowicz Oliwia , Smolen Monica , Bodecka Marta
Published: December 2020

This article consists of two studies comparing female offenders’ and non-offenders’ wellbeing and sense of coherence. Consistent with the hypotheses in Study 1, the level of general wellbeing was lower among female inmates, but the effect was due to differences in education. In Study 2, the sense of coherence was measured. The results indicated that when education and age are included in the analysis, the coherence levels did not differentiate inmates from non-inmates.
This Place Is Full of It: Towards an Organizational Bullshit Perception Scale
Authors: Ferreira Caitlin , Hannah David , McCarthy Ian , Pitt Leyland , Lord Ferguson Sarah
Published: December 2020

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Organizational Bullshit Perception Scale (OBPS) using two samples of employees of organizations in various sectors. The scale is designed to gauge perceptions of the extent of organizational bullshit that exists in a workplace, where bullshit is operationalized as individuals within an organization making statements with no regard for the truth. Analyses revealed three factors of organizational bullshit, termed regard for truth, the boss and bullshit language. The three factors are consistent with existing literature in the field of organizational bullshit and offer further insight into how employees view workplace bullshit. The OBPS constitutes three subscales measuring these factors. Future researchers should seek to validate the OBPS and further develop the identified factors of organizational bullshit.
Science sans Subjectivity: The Sad Case of Imre Lakatos
Authors: Agassi Joseph
Published: December 2020

Lakatos claimed that Popper wrote of beliefs; thus ascribing subjectivism to him Popper flatly denied this, treating it a willful distortion.1 Ironically, it is the theory of Lakatos that is subjectivist.
What, If Anything, is the Philosophy of Political Science?
Authors: Pozzoni Gianluca
Published: December 2020

Compared to other philosophies of special sciences, the scope, object, and definition of the philosophy of political science remain vague. This article traces this vagueness to the changing subject matter of political science throughout its history, but argues that all social sciences are subject to radical changes in what count as their defining characteristics. Accordingly, the only legitimate definition of “philosophy of political science” is “the philosophical study of whatever happens to conventionally fall within the scope of political science at a given moment.” Moving from this assumption, this article makes the case for a unified philosophy of social science.