bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hurry Path Planning Based on Adaptive Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Da Qiao , Zhao Jiu Fen , Lei Gang , Wang Shun Hong , Zheng Xiao Long
Published: November 2013

During formation flying, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) may need to arrive at target ahead of schedule by hurry path. Given fixed flight high mode, hurry planning method was proposed based on Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA), which makes the new path shorter by locally adjusting the default path. By full considering the risk of UAV flight, the hurry path got by AGA meets the requirements of the risk cost and time amount in advance. Simulation results show that the path gotten by AGA can better meet the requirements of the time amount in advance, and evade the threat area effectively too.
Trends and Developments in the Manufacturing of Polymer Nanofibrils with the Electrospinning Technique
Authors: Das Raj , Burbery Nathaniel James
Published: November 2013

Electrospinning is a technique that is exceptionally well-suited for reliable, cost-effective production that uses electrostatic forces to form and manipulate a jet of polymer solution to form nanosized, fibrillar polymeric materials. However, producing smooth (non-beaded) fibres with truly nanosized diameters is not an easy task and is highly influenced by polymer selection. Substantial versatility also exists in the properties and morphologies of the nanomaterials produced with this method. Knowledge of the fundamental features and current trends within the sector of electrospinning are enabling the reliable, effective production of materials that would be most suitable for a variety of applications. This article will discuss each of these issues and will demonstrate the usefulness of the electrospinning technique with a brief overview of the key applications of interest including those which have obtained commercial success. Overall, this article will demonstrate how electrospinning is a unique and effective tool that continues to develop at a rapid pace, with substantial commercial potential yet to be unlocked.
The Development of a Knowledge Based System for the Process of Risk Assessment in the Workplace
Authors: Baron Petr , Šoltésová Stanislava , Kočiško Marek
Published: November 2013

Paper describes possibilities of automatization of risk assessment process on technological workshops from work safety and health protection point of view. Proposed computer system could unload members of reviewing team from routine and repeating activities which are applied in process of risk identification and assessment of observed workplaces. Paper characterizes possibilities of work within form for application of Complex method of risk management on workshops. Developed system represents active part of systematic approach in frame of complex risk management.
Improvement of Production Line Layout Using Arena Simulation Software
Authors: Said Mohd Azrin Bin Mohd , Ismail Napsiah Binti
Published: November 2013

This paper analyses the production line layout of the manufacturing system design to identify the key performance and to improve the production performance of a bicarbonate beverage production company by using simulation modelling approach. Due to our approach, a simulation model of the real production line layout and new improved production line layout was developed. The key performance indicators of the manufacturing system were evaluated using Arena software. The analysis of the indicator values revealed an improvement within new improved model compare to the real production line layout. The percentage errors for simulation of actual model with new improved model give an improvement percentage of 3.91% for Model A and 44.1% for Model B. All models that have been developed in this research by using the Arena software were also being validated. On the basis of these findings, factory production line layout can be simulated by using the Arena software that enhances the result for further improvement.
Current State of Energy Consumption and Countermeasures of Energy Saving for Iron and Steel Industry in China
Authors: Qiao Zhe , Liu Jin Zhou , Wang Jing Song , Xue Qing Guo
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we find that factors which affect energy consumption are steel ratio coefficient and process energy consumption by analyzing energy consumption of every process in integrated steel works. On this basis we point out the main reason for the high energy consumption of iron and steel industry in China is that integrated steel works examine the production process without system energy saving ideas. Therefore we propose the countermeasures of energy saving in iron and steel industry in China in aspects of energy management and control center, iron-making system, steel-making system, steel rolling system, as well as secondary energy recovery, which is aimed at providing a way for energy saving and emissions reduction of iron and steel industry in China.
Application on Gob-Side Entry Retaining Technology with Coal Gangue Bag Packing in Medium-Thick Coal Seams
Authors: Wang Hong Biao , An Chao , Zhang Shan Dong
Published: November 2013

The key point of production smoothing in coalmine is regular continuing excavate, the gob-side entry retaining technology with coal gangue bag packing not only solve the continuing excavate problem, but also facilitate the meticulous mining. The selection of the waste filling technique and the determination of basic parameters of filling body are the keys to whether gob-side entry retaining technology success or not. Due to the thicker thickness in medium-thickness coal seam and the higher height of crossheading, it is propose that the gob-side entry retaining technology need to be improved much higher. Therefore, the determination of basic parameters of filling body is particularly important.
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Zn1-xNixO Nanoparticles Synthesized by a Wet Chemical Method
Authors: Jadhav Jeevan , Biswas Somanth
Published: November 2013

Wurtzite type Zn1-xNixO (x=0-0.10) nanoparticles were synthesized by a chemical method via an amorphous polymer precursor. The precursors were derived by a novel process involving a reaction between aqueous solutions of metal ions (Zn2+and Ni2+) and a freshly prepared solution ofpoly-vinyl alcohol (PVA)-sucrose under constant stirring at 60-65°C. Structural and magnetic properties of the recrystallized Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles, obtained after heat treating the corresponding precursors at selected temperatures, were studied in detail. X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals an increment in the lattice parameters and lattice volume in the doped ZnO samples, confirming the incorporation of Ni2+ions in the ZnO host lattice. All doped samples showed room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) with an increasing saturation magnetization with the increase in Ni doping in the otherwise non-magnetic ZnO. The studies reveals that the observed ferromagnetism is purely intrinsic in nature and it occurs due to the hybridizedp-dexchange interaction between magnetic polarons via vacancy mediated defect states inside the crystal lattice.
The Use of Acoustic Methods for Non-Destructive Testing of High-Temperature-Degraded Cement-Based Composite
Authors: Chobola Zdeněk , Štefková Daniela , Šamárková Kristýna
Published: November 2013

The present paper deals with the applicability of Impact-echo acoustic method to testing of cement-based composites prepared from a mix of cement mortar and quartz sand, which were intentionally degraded by high-temperature treatment (in the temperatures range from 200°C to 1200°C). Changes in the the bulk density and the flexural tensile strength were monitored during the degradation for comparison.
The Strength Research of Pressure Pipeline Reinforced with CFRP
Authors: Han Juan , Liang Yin
Published: November 2013

In order to make the pressure safe, a new method and material for reinforcing pipelines is introduced, that is carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheet. In the experiment, the metal pipelines that wrapped with different layers of CFRP sheets respectively are carried loads by hydrostatic burst test. The results show that this method can be a substantial reinforcement in the bearing capacity of the metal pipelines. According to the test data and the thin wall cylinder stress calculation theory, the design formula of reinforcing layer thickness of CFRP was presented in the elastic and plastic state of metal material. Based on the plastic solution of thick wall cylinder in the polar coordinates, the strength checking formulas of repair system was presented in different mechanical states. The presented formulas without iterative calculation have practical value in the production practice.
Experimental Research on Joints Behavior of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Columns
Authors: He Mei Li , Yu Hua Long , Cao Yan , Xia Yong Kang
Published: November 2013

By means of eccentric compressive tests of Concrete-filled Steel Tubular Columns, to research the mechanical properties and failure modes of Concrete-filled Steel Tubular Columns without yield point. Research shows that, the failure modes of axial compressive Concrete-filled Steel Tubular Columns without yield point, as well as axial compressive short columns, have the same trend of oblique shear failure.
Study on Flexural Behavior of Pre-Stressed Concrete Hollow Slabs Strengthen with CFRP
Authors: Wang Bo , Han Juan
Published: November 2013

The purpose of this paper is to focus on studying its flexural behavior after different damages pre-stressed concrete hollow slab is strengthened with CFRP. By the experimental method, twelve residential pre-stressed concrete hollow slabs are tested under concentrated force at the two points of the symmetrical load in order to analyze both flexural behavior and effects factored by different bonding modes. The conclusion can be drawn that the flexural behavior of pre-stressed concrete hollow slabs strengthened with CFRP is well-tried. It provides design suggestions and reference for pre-stressed concrete hollow slabs strengthened with CFRP, and also provides an experimental basis for the repairing and reinforcing practical engineering application in Wenchuan disaster area.
6063 Aluminum Alloy Online Quenching Surface Heat Transfer Coefficient and the Temperature Field Simulation
Authors: Wang Hui , Yang Hai Bo
Published: November 2013

For the 6063 aluminum alloy spray quenching process, respectively establish finite element model of upper, lower nozzle jet impact and water area and meshing in the Gambit. Import into fluent software for cooling numerical simulation, getting the upper and lower nozzle’s pressure contours , velocity contours , heat transfer coefficient curve and water area’s velocity contours and heat transfer coefficient curves. Analysis the various contours and the heat transfer coefficient along the aluminum plate surface radial distribution: upper nozzle’s heat transfer intensity is not in stationary point and near its both sides; Lower nozzle’s contours and heat transfer coefficient has a certain similarity with the upper nozzle, but the maximum heat transfer intensity is at stagnation point; Water area‘s heat transfer coefficient fall faster at the entrance and maintained at a constant value finally. Put heat transfer coefficient as a boundary condition into the ansys software to simulate the three dimensional temperature field of quenching process and analysis the temperature field contours in different time: the biggest speed is 36°C/s during the process of quenching, appearing in the high temperature range, namely deformation sensitive areas, therefore it most likely to occur deformation at the beginning of the quenching profiles.
The Successful Application of Shelf® Rotating Liner Cementing Technology in Chengbei Oil Field
Authors: Zhang Jin Long , Liu Xiang Hu , Zhang Wei Dong , Chang Long
Published: November 2013

Rotating liner cementing technology can significantly improve the cementing quality, which has gained more and more attention from domestic cementing industry. Through sufficient ground tests and underground simulation tests, it has been proved that all technical parameters of the rotating liner cementing tool developed by SINOPEC Shelfoil Petroleum Equipment & Services Co., Ltd were consistent with the design and that the tool could be put into industrial application. Taking 11NC-1 well in Shengli Chengbei Offshore Oilfield for example, this paper analyzes its cementation and completion scheme and technical difficulties, site preparation and construction situation. The superior cementing quality marks the successful application of Shelf® rotating liner cementing technology in Chengbei Oil Field.
Removal and Degradation of Phenanthrene and Pyrene from Soil by Coupling Surfactant Washing with Photocatalysis
Authors: Yang Xiu Pei , Xie Lin Xiang , Tang Jing , Lin Jia
Published: November 2013

In this study, two environmental remediation technologies, surfactant washing and photocatalytic oxidation, have been investigated to remove and decompose phenanthrene (Phe) and pyrene (Pry). Aqueous solutions containing the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and the nonionic surfactant Tween-80 (TW-80) were used to extract the contaminants from the soil samples. The effects of concentration of surfactant, washing time and temperature on the desorption efficiency of the contaminants from soil samples were studied. The photocatalytic oxidation treatment of the obtained washing wastes, performed in the presence of Fenton-TiO2 suspensions irradiated with a 250W high pressure mercury lamp, showed an effective abatement of the two kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to the relevant concentrations of organics in the waste. This study demonstrates the two-stage progress process can be an effective treatment method for PAHs not only desorption by soil washing but also degradation by photocatalytic oxidation.
Research on Vegetation Restoration of Waitoushan Iron Mine Wasteland of Benxi Steel Group Corporation
Authors: Deng Hui Jing , Li Yun Zhou
Published: November 2013

According to the investigation on the environmental pollution and vegetation conditions of Waitoushan Iron Mine of Benxi Steel Group Corporation, this paper discusses the ecological vegetation restoration of mine, makes the plans for short-term and long-term vegetation restoration, researches on the basic principles, ways, silvicultural techniques of short-term vegetation restoration. Wherein, the stability control of mine refuse dump is the precondition of vegetation restoration, the improvement of soil matrix is foundation, and the screening of vegetation varieties is the key to the success of vegetation restoration. The theoretical basis is provided for the construction of long-term mine ecological park.
Energy-Saving Design for a Composite Heating Water System from Kitchen Waste Heat and Solar Energy
Authors: Liu Zhen Dong , Wang Fang , Chen Yong Li , Wu Huo , Lu Chen , Zhang Ji Hua
Published: November 2013

This paper proposed an energy-saving system which combination solar collectors for heating water system with heat pipe heat exchanger to recover kitchen waste heat. Its working principle is using heat pipe exchangers exhaust heat to warm the cold water from water storage tank, and during the day, take advantage of solar collectors to help heat pipe heat exchanger heating the water. In this design, the heat exchanger tank and the heat storage tank arranged independently, water tank associated control system was provided with automatic temperature regulator to control the opening and stopping of the pump. This system made full use of kitchen waste heat and solar to meet the kitchen cooking and cleaning process hot water supply needs.
Rice Husk Ash for Oil Spill Cleanup
Authors: Kudaibergenov Kenes , Ongarbayev Yerdos , Zulkhair Mansurov , Tulepov Marat , Tileuberdi Yerbol
Published: November 2013

In this work, we report rice husk ash prepared via a thermal treatment process used as oil sorbents for oil spill cleanup. The oil sorbent with highly porous structures shows a crude oil sorption capacity of 15 g/g. The rice husk ash was studied on the basis of phase composition, microstructure and morphology using X-ray diffraction analysis, FTIR spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results of the SEM studies strongly indicate that thermal treatment is a suitable method to improve structure of husk particles regarding porosity compared to virgin samples.
Modelling the Interatomic Potential of Cubic Zirconia
Authors: Muhammad Ibrahim Dauda , Awang Mokhtar
Published: November 2013

Molecular modelling methods were used to investigate the structural and interatomic potential of bulk cubic zirconia. To widen the scope of the expected outcome, GULP and CASTEP software were used based on the concept of minimizing the energy of the crystal structure with respect to atomic coordinates. The crystal structure of cubic zirconia was modelled and optimized; the lattice parameter of 5.10 Å obtained is similar to available calculated and experimental values. The developed interatomic potential is based on Born model for ionic solids without defects. The calculated interatomic potential of 109.67eV per atom is also within acceptable range, but variation was observed depending on the relative position of individual atoms. The modelling gave a better understanding of the bulk crystal structure of cubic zirconia due to detailed parameters that were obtained. Also, the determined parameters were used to estimate the Young’s Modulusof bulk zirconia as 397GPa.
Ways of Using Rubber Crumb from Worn Tires
Authors: Tileuberdi Ye. , Ongarbayev Ye.K. , Mansurov Z.A. , Kudaibergenov K.K. , Doszhanov Y.O.
Published: November 2013

In the paper ways of using rubber crumb from worn tires were investigated. Possibilities of preparing Rubber-Bitumen Compounds (RBC) based rubber crumb (RC) from worn tires were studied experimentally. The physico-mechanical characteristics of paving bitumen BND 60/90 modified with rubber crumb and spent engine oil. The structure of rubber crumb was characterized by optical microscopy. Physico-mechanical characteristics of RBC were detrminated by standard methods. It is established that the quantity of entered binders depending on physical and chemical conditions, which was optimal composition of rubber-oil at a ratio of 1:1 and 3:2 and introduction to bitumen in amount of 15-25 wt.%.
An Sample Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution to Urban Surface Soil Based on Transfer Function Theory
Authors: Shu Yang , Shu Hu
Published: November 2013

The degree of heavy-metal pollution of different district in city area is discussed by improved Nemerow model and further topographic maps are drawn .From the improved Nemerow model, the Nemerow integrated pollution index is determined . The main reason of pollution is found according to weight, then the corresponding heavy-metal pollution things portion in the overall district is computed by using the model . The element that corresponds the maximum weight is found .And it proves that the heavy-metal pollution element Hg is the main pollution reason .The pollution source is determined by heavy metal spreading features using transfer function theory. Thinking of the main pollution elements as the researched object ,the spreading features are analized using transfer function characteristics. And the spreading process is described using flow chart.
Computational Study on Estimating the Surface Heat Transfer Coefficient of Absorber Tube in Solar Parabolic Trough Collector
Authors: Saxena Harshit , Santoki Arpit , Awalgaonkar Nimish , Jivani Arpan , Gowtham Ganni , Padmanathan P. , Natarajan M.
Published: November 2013

Solar Parabolic Trough collectors are commonly used to harness the solar power for power generating applications involving high temperatures. In the given paper study we have made use of the SolTrace software which uses the Monte Carlo algorithm for finding out the radiation received on the absorber tube of the collector. The computational study was performed taking into account the solar radiation received at Vellore city in India (12.92oN, 79.13oE) as on 16th February 2013. Further a 3D model of the absorber tube used in the parabolic trough collector was created and meshed with the help of the Ansys Gambit software. The absorber tube which we considered for our study is made up of Stainless Steel AISI 302 material. The meshed model so created was then exported to the Ansys Fluent 6.3 software and simulations were performed for different mass flow rates of the fluid. The fluid which we used in the computational analysis study is Therminol 55. The temperature differences for different mass flow rates of the liquid passing through the absorber tube were found out and based on the temperature rise contours plots so obtained, we have plotted the surface heat transfer coefficient for the absorber tube. We also found out the static temperature contour plot for the fluid flowing through the given absorber tube taking into account the heat flux acting on the absorber tube due to the hourly and daily average solar radiation.
Hardness of Laminated Composite for Different Angle Cured Positions under Influence of Gravity Effects
Authors: Jennise T.T.T. , bin Yaakob Mohd Yuhazri , Sihombing H. , Mohamad N. , Yahaya S.H. , Zalkis M.Y.A.
Published: November 2013

Utilization of high tech engineering materials such as composites has been extensively applied in the industries of civil, mechanical and aerospace due to their favourable characteristic such as high stiffness to weight ratio, improve corrosion and environmental resistance and potential reduction of processing. This research is carried out to study the feasibility of laminated composite after cured at different angle due to gravity effects to enhance the curing space required. Vertically cured laminate having similar or improved properties with common horizontally cured laminate to save much space bringing huge advantage especially to the developing Small and Medium Industries / Entrepreneurs (SMI/E). The horizontal cured laminate composite no doubt will fill up the spaces which SMI/E lacks of. Polyester and E-type fiber glass were the main raw materials used in the research via vacuum bagging technique to drain out the excess resin applied as well as minimize the void or air in the laminated composite. The laminated composite fabricated is cured at different curing angle positions in room temperature for 24 hours under the gravity effects. Five samples were prepared according to the ASTM standard to undergo hardness test. From the testing, SN6 which cured at 75˚ had the closest hardness to the horizontal cured control sample.
Game Theory and Information Security
Authors: Meng Xiang Hong , Wang Xiao Li
Published: November 2013

The interactions between attackers and network administrator are modeled as a non-zero-sum dynamic game with incomplete information. Strategies taken by offenders and defenders are dynamic game processes which are mutually dependable and constantly repeated. This paper uses game theory to analyze the model and process of offense and defense counterwork, and suggests that information security problems can be studied from game theory's point of view.
Study of Applying Aramid Fiber Treated Insurface to EPDM Rubber Composite Materials
Authors: Lu Xiang Hui , Liu Chen , Tian Jun , Li Yang
Published: November 2013

The surface of aramid fiber is very smooth and chemical inert.The adhesiveness of aramid fiber with EPDM rubber materials is not good.So the tensile strength of EPDM rubber composite materials is influenced seriously.This paper modified the surface of aramid fiber with silicon coupling agentKH-550. We test the chang of fibers in surface with the ESCA,and the result is that content of carbon decreased ,while content of nitrogen and oxygen element increased.The activity of surface of fiber has been increased. Strength of composite materials increased from 2.58MPa to 3.22 MPa . The SEM photos of samples indicate that the weight of EPDM rubber on surface of EPDM rubber is more than untreated fiber composite materials .The treating effect on aramid fiber is best when the concentration of KH-550 is 5%,5hours.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Structured Mixed Oxides
Authors: Salam M. Abdus , Sufian Suriati , Murugesan T.
Published: November 2013

Nano-structured hydrotalcite based mixed oxides have been synthesized using coprecipitation method under variable pH and low supersaturation condition. XRD technique has been used to confirm the hydrotalcite structure and its derived different phase of mixed oxides. The metal dispersion of mixed oxides was analyzed using ICP-MS. The nanostructures of the mixed oxides have been investigated using FESEM and HRTEM. The textural properties of mixed oxides were analyzed using N2 adsorption-desorption (BET) technique. The Characterizations have revealed that the developed mixed oxides were consisted with hexagonal/rhombohedral well dispersed nano-particles. Polycrystalline mixed oxides formed mesopore surface and narrower pore size distribution.
Effects of Synthesis Conditions on the Textural and Morphological Properties of Mesoporous Silica (SBA-15)
Authors: Tasfy Sara Faiz Hanna , Zabidi Noor Asmawati Mohd , Subbarao Duvvuri , Shaharun Maizatul Shima
Published: November 2013

Due to the growing interest in using mesoporous materials as catalytic support, this paper presents the synthesis and characterization of mesoporous silica (SBA-15) prepared under different synthesis conditions. Variables studied were acidity of the synthesis duration, synthesis sol, aging duration, and washing solvent. The influence of these parameters on the textural properties and morphology of the mesoporous silica is reported. Increasing the sol acidity changed the shape of the particles from cylindrical (fiber) to spherical.
Preparation of Self-Assembled Iron Oxide Nanorings with Nano-Aluminum
Authors: Zhang Lin , Sheng Di Lun , Zhang Rui , Chu En Yi , Liu Ju Peng , Zhou Sheng Li
Published: November 2013

To make fuels and oxides react better, Iron oxide nanoring was synthesized using hydrothermal method and then self-assembled with nano aluminum particles. Iron oxide were characterized by hollow column morphology with outer diameters of 200-240nm, inner diameters of 90-120nm and heights of 120-150nm using SEM and TEM. Iron oxide and aluminum were evenly distributed and contact closely by self-assembly.The touch of fuels and oxides increased effectively.While the ultrasonically-mixed sample scattered randomly and aggregated seriously. Self-assembly is proved to be a effective method for the touch and distribution of oxides and fuels.
Electrochemical Micro Machining of Stainless Steel in EDTA Complex Electrolyte
Authors: Chen Hui , Shi Lei , Wang Zhi Yong , Yu Shui Qin
Published: November 2013

Electrochemical micro machining is a critical micro machining technology. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) complex electrolyte in electrochemical micro machining (ECM) of stainless steel. The micro machining of stainless steel is difficult by electrochemical machining, especially in machining deep micro holes, because of an oxide layer formed on the surface. In this paper, ECM of stainless steel in EDTA complex electrolyte was researched. The influence of electrochemical machining parameters such as pulse duration, electrolyte composition to machine stainless steel was investigated. The results showed that EDTA can enhance the stability of electrochemical machining and the electrolyte is eco-friendly.
The Finite Element Simulation of Surface Wrinkling of Rigid Films on a Compliant Thin-Substrate
Authors: Zhou Huan Yang , Xia Qi
Published: November 2013

Subject to a compressive membrane force, a film bonded to a compliant substrate often forms wrinkles. In the past, the studies of such wrinkles are mostly based on the assumption of semi-infinite substrate. However, such an assumption cannot be satisfied in real applications. This paper focuses on wrinkling of a rigid film on a compliant thin-substrate. The finite element method used to analyze wrinkling and investigate the relationship between the critical wavelength, material parameters (such as film Youngs modulus, substrate Poisson's ratio) and geometric parameters (such as substrate thickness). Meanwhile, the finite element results are compared with analytical results.
Experimental Study on the Magnetic Characteristics of Magnetic Shape Memory Alloy Materials
Authors: Li Tao , Wang She Liang , Yang Tao , Weng Guang Yuan
Published: November 2013

With shape memory function of new smart material, the magnetic control properties of magnetic shape memory alloy could be used to fabricate intelligent actuators for vibration control of structures. In order to study its magnetic properties, this text selected Ni53Mn25Ga22 as the material for the research and development of actuator drive, And two MSMA test specimens were prepared for the experimental study under the coupled action of the temperature, preload pressure and magnetic field. The results showed that the strain of MSMA induced by magnetic field decreased with the increase of the preload pressure at constant magnetic field. The deformation performance was best when the magnetic induction intensity was about 0.5T. And the constitutive relations were fitted for the actuator production to lay the foundation for later.
Determination of Sodium Salvia Miltiorrhiza’s Optimal Analytical Conditions Detected by HPLC Method
Authors: Wang Tao
Published: November 2013

The optimal analytical conditions of sodium salvia miltiorrhiza are detected by HPLC methods. SinoChrom ODS-BP C18 is selected as chromatographic column. The optimal experimental conditions under 280 nm wavelength UV detector include the column temperature: 28°C, ratio of methanol/water: 25/75 (v/v), and flow rate: 1.0ml/mol. The correlation coefficient is 0.9983, and RSD is 1.4%, when the linear range is 0.15~1.8μg/μL. In the experiment, the method is verified to be simple and reliable, and which can be used for the quality control in process of salvia miltiorrhiza extraction and purification.
Shear Wave Attenuation and its Micro-Mechanism of Polymers
Authors: Tang Zhi Ping , Li Ting
Published: November 2013

The impact shear response of crystallized polypropylene under combined compression and shear loading was studied by using an inclined gas gun and electro-magnetic particle velocity gauges. The experimental results show that the transverse wave velocity increases nonlinearly with the impact velocity, indicating its shear behavior is strongly related to the hydrostatic pressure. Remarkable shear wave attenuation occurs near the impact surface when the impact velocity and inclination angle reach the critical value. The micro-observation of recovered samples with a polarized optical microscope reveals that there exists a melting layer of about 2-3μm thick, i.e. adiabatic shear failure layer, very near the impact surface (about 5μm) which causes the shear wave attenuation.
Surface Quality of High Speed Milling of Silicon Carbide by Using Diamond Coated Tool
Authors: Iqbal Mohammad , Konneh Mohamed , Md Said Ahmad Yasir Bin , Bin Mohd Zaini Azri Fadhlan
Published: November 2013

The high speed milling of silicon carbide was discussed by using flat end-mill 2 mm in diameter diamond coated tool. Ultra-precision high speed spindle attachment was used to achieve cutting tool rotation speed as high as 50,000 rpm. Special fixture was designed to minimize the chatter on work-piece surface during the machining process. Three cutting parameters were selected as independent variables of the experiments. They were spindle speed, depth of cut and feed rate. The arithmetic mean value of roughness (Ra) was measured on the work-piece surface as the response of the experiment. Result of the experiment shows that the value of surface roughness can be achieved as low as 0.150 μm. Statistical analysis was provided to study the significant of the model, interaction among the cutting parameters and their effects to the surface roughness value.
Analysis of Hot Stamping for Automotive Structure
Authors: Liu Wei Liang , Chiang Tzu Hsin , Tseng Chun Hao
Published: November 2013

In order to optimize the hot stamping process of an A-pillar and speed up getting the product to the market, we separately simulate forming and heat transfer to get a better tooling design. In the analysis of forming, the thinning rate is under 30%, we judge that there is no crack issue. In the analysis of heat transfer, the cooling curve is out of bainite and ferrite in CCT diagram, so the cooling design can meet the requirements of quenching. Finally, we bring simulation to tooling and test variables to get a better process parameter.
Investigation on Surface Roughness and Cutting Temperature in Turning AISI 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel Using TiAlSiN Coated Carbide Insert
Authors: Ozarkar Malhar , Bhatkhande Rugwed , Jerath Shray , Kulkarni A.P.
Published: November 2013

This study presents experimental result of surface roughness and chip-tool interface temperature developed during turning of AISI 316 austenitic stainless steels using TiAlSiN coated cemented carbide insert. TiAlSiN coating is deposited by Cathodic Arc Evaporation (PVD) technique. The work-tool thermocouple calibration set-up was developed. The air heater was used as a heating element at the work-tool junction. The experiments were conducted at cutting speeds in the range of 140 to 320 m/min, feed in the range of 0.08 to 0.26 mm/rev keeping depth of cut constant at 1 mm. The influence of cutting parameters and tool coating were investigated on the average chip-tool interface temperature and surface roughness. Experimentally interface temperature 979°C was observed at 260 m/min cutting speed and 0.14 mm/rev feed. The interface temperature in turning is strongly dependent on the cutting speed followed by feed and exactly reverse case was observed in case of surface roughness. TiAlSiN coating shows better performance and can be considered as a prominent candidate for the machining of AISI 316 work material.
First-Principles Study on the Elastic and Electronic Properties of 2H-CuGaO2
Authors: Liu Wen Ting , Liu Zheng Tang
Published: November 2013

The structure, elastic and electronic properties of 2H-CuGaO2are calculated using the plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential technique based on the first-principles density functional theory. The calculated equilibrium lattice parameters is in good agreement with experimental and reported values. The elastic coefficients, bulk, shear and Youngs modulus, Poissons ratio and elastic anisotropy ratio of 2H-CuGaO2were calculated. The electronic properties of 2H-CuGaO2have been calculated and the results show that 2H-CuGaO2has an indirect band gap.
In-Plane Plane-Strain Formability Investigation of Friction Stir Welded Sheets Made of Dissimilar Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Kailas Satish V. , Narayanan R. Ganesh
Published: November 2013

In the present work, the influence of shoulder diameter, traverse speed, and rotational speed on the formability of friction stir welded sheets made between sheets of AA6061T6 and AA5052H32 Al alloys has been studied. In-Plane Plane-Strain formability tests are conducted for this purpose. It is understood from the results that the formability of welded sheets can be improved by optimizing the welding and tool parameters. A larger shoulder diameter, higher traverse speed, and lower rotational speed are favorable for improved formability, and strain hardening exponent of weld region. This is due to the fact that the heat input and subsequent microstructure evolved depends on the heat input, which depends on the welding parameters.
Evaluating the Strength of the Friction Stir Welded Joints at Various Rotational Speeds
Authors: Varma Ramaraju Ramgopal , Ibrahim Abdullah Bin , Reddy B. Ravinder
Published: November 2013

The present research paper aims in evaluating the strength of the welded AA6351 alloy plates of 6 mm thick by using friction stir welding technique at different rotational speeds The applied welding technique is capable of achieving the mechanical properties of the alloy close to that of the original alloy. In the present investigation, the speeds of the spindle were varied from 1100 rpm to 1500 rpm with a constant transverse speed of 20 mm/min. The tensile strength of the joints is determined by an universal testing machine. The results from the present investigation show that the values of the yield strength were very much closer to the values of the AA6351Alloy prior to welding. It has been found from the experiments that the strength of the joints increases with the increase in the rotational speed; however, the same is decreasing after achieving certain speed.
Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of FSWed Joint Joined with a Bobbin Type Tool in Different Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Buahombura Panya , Miyashita Yukio , Otsuka Yuichi , Mutoh Yoshiharu , Nobushiro Seo
Published: November 2013

Fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior at weld nugget zone (WNZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ) in friction stir welded (FSWed) joints joined by using a bobbin type tool in 5052, 6N01 and 7N01 aluminum alloys were investigated comparing to the base materials (BM). Constant stress amplitude fatigue crack growth tests were conducted with stress ratio of 0.1. Crack closure behavior was investigated simultaneously during fatigue test with unloading elastic compliance method. The results in this study showed that in near threshold region, FCG resistance in WNZ of FSWed 5052 and 6N01 joints was lower than that in the BM and the HAZ. In contrast, FCG resistance in WNZ of FSWed 7N01 joint was higher than that in the BM and the HAZ. At high ΔK region, WNZ of FSWed 5052 joint had the similar FCG resistance with the BM and the HAZ. However, WNZ of FSWed 6N01 joint showed lower FCG resistance compared to the BM and the HAZ. FCG resistance in WNZ of FSWed 7N01 joint was the similar with that in the HAZ but was lower than that in the BM. Crack closure behavior was observed in BM and HAZ for all materials tested. In WNZ, crack closure was found in FSWed 7N01 joint but was not found in FSWed 5052 and 6N01 joints. Difference in FCG behavior at different weld region was mainly due to difference in crack closure behavior in FSWed 5052 and 6N01 joints. However, in case of FSWed 7N01 joint, it is considered that effect of microstructure was significant on FCG behavior even at high ΔK region.
Effect of Temperature and Pressure on the Mechanical Properties of Kenaf Binderless Board
Authors: Rahman Noor Leha Abdul , Nordin Nor Amalina , Ahmad Mohammad Fadhirul
Published: November 2013

In recent years, natural fibers become an attraction to all people especially for researcher, scientist and engineer because natural fibers can be as substitute candidate for synthetic fibers. Due to their characteristics which are cheap, lightweight, less damage to processing equipment, renewable resources, and also good relative to mechanical properties, they are made to challenge the conventional fibers like glass and carbon. The purpose of this study is to investigate on mechanical properties of binderless boards from kenaf fiber. For hot pressing process, there are two required parameters need to be change. There were temperature and pressure that changed which for temperature were at 120 °C, 140 °C and 160 °C. For pressure, there were changed at 4 ton, 6 ton and 8 ton. Density, flexural and tensile test were conducted on the sample. Morphological analyses were done using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). From the result obtained, the maximum value of tensile stress was at specimen 8 ton at 140 °C which is 7.4 MPa and the flexural properties are 44.6 MPa. The changes of mechanical properties corresponding to the various temperatures and pressure during specimen preparation had been obtained.
Crosslinking Density of Silk Fibroin – Rice Starch Hydrogels Modified with Trisodium Trimetaphosphate
Authors: Racksanti Anucha , Janhom Sorapong , Punyanitya Sittiporn , Watanesk Ruangsri , Watanesk Surasak
Published: November 2013

Silk fibroin (SF) and rice starch (RS) are both biopolymers being non-toxic, biocompatible and biodegradable which can be utilized as hydrogels. The aim of this study was to prepare the SF–RS hydrogels modified with trisodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) and determine its crosslinking density for providing a guideline for preparing better quality absorbable hydrogels. The SF–RS hydrogels modified with various percentages of STMP were prepared by solution casting at pH 12 then neutralized to pH 7. The functional groups and molecular linkages of the hydrogels were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectrometry, respectively. Finally, the crosslinking density of the hydrogels was determined by UV/Vis spectrophotometry via the measurement of the relative amount of methylene blue (RMB) bound to the hydrogels. Results from the FTIR and 1H NMR spectra revealed that linkages within the hydrogels occurred mainly between the O–H groups of RS and the triphosphate groups of STMP. From the MB adsorption study, the crosslinking density of the SF–RS hydrogel with 1.0 %w/w STMP at the 60 min saturation time was approximately 63 %.
Influence of Injection Molding Parameters on the Consistency of Molding Process
Authors: Azmoudeh S. , Zamani H. , Shelesh-Nezhad K.
Published: November 2013

The existence of variations in the injection molding process conditions leads to the inconsistency of molded parts quality during the molding cycles. In this research, the variations of cavity pressure-time profiles integrals over the molding cycles were accounted as the molded parts quality variations. Thereafter, the correlations between injection molding process settings and the degree of consistency of molding process were investigated by applying cavity pressure measurement, Taguchi design of experiments approach and signal to noise ratio. The results derived from experiments indicated that an increase approximately as high as five times in the capability of injection molding may be achieved. Under the best setting condition, the cavity pressure profiles were relatively smooth and similar. Low screw rotational speed, high injection speed and short packing time led to the inconsistency elevation of injection molding.
Delamination Analysis Using Digital Image Processing for Developing a Prediction Model for Drilling on GFRP Composite Laminates
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Sureshkumar Manickam , Damodhiran Lakshmanan , Rajendran Makesh Kumar
Published: November 2013

The growing demand for light weight materials for the application in the aircraft industries, aerospace industries, marine, sports and recreation industries has attracted the usage of fiber reinforced materials especially GFRP composites. Usage of these kind of materials are exponentially increasing because of its specific engineering characteristics like high strength to weight ratio. Drilling of these materials has been always a challenge because of its heterogeneous nature. Better hole quality is required for these materials for the assembly into components. In this work delamination analysis was attempted using digital image processing, experiments are carried out for 27 holes using full factorial design and it was observed that scanned images obtained using a flat bed scanner (HP, 1300 DPI) used for digital image processing, gives better visualization for delamination. The feed rate is the most influencing parameter out of the three process input parameters considered.
The Effect of Fe-Ion Irradiation on Hardness Changes in P92 Ferritic/Martensitic Steel
Authors: Zhu Jun , Shen Yin Zhong
Published: November 2013

The irradiation-induced hardness change in a commercial P92 ferritic/martensitic steel has been investigated through 3.5MeV Fe-ions irradiations to a dose of 0.29dpa at room temperature, 673K and 973K combined with nanoindentation techniques. The results show that irradiation-induced hardening was observed at the room temperature, and softening occurred at 673K and 973K. The hardening at room temperature is ascribed to the crystal defects in the steel generated by Fe-ions irradiations. The softening at 673K and 973K may be caused by the recovery of the defects.
Rapid Dissociation of Cortical Neurons from Neonate Rats and Patch-Clamp Recording
Authors: He Xiao Lin , Wang Jin Hai , Zheng Yu , Zhang Yang , Li Gang
Published: November 2013

In order to get the single cortical neurons fitting the study of patch-clamp technique.use the kunming mouse with the birth of 10 days or so, and separate neurons in the cerebral cortex through acute separation technology and enzymatic hydrolysis. A cone-shaped adherent neurons are selected and observed in rapid dissociation and cell activity status under the inverted microscope. Different ion channel blockers is added to the extracellular fluid and used whole-cell recording which can obtain Na +, K + and other ion channel currents. This method can obtain good morphological and physiological characteristics of both single cortical neurons, confirming that the method applied to cortical neurons by patch clamp technique, which has significant value for in-depth research on drugs, toxins and other physical factors on the electrical activity of neuronal ion channels and signal transduction mechanism of the effect.
Dispersion Properties of High Pressure Emulsified Jets
Authors: Zhong Dong Jie
Published: November 2013

Atomization quality affects directly burning process in the cylinder so as to further impact on dynamic characteristics, economical efficiency and emission standard. In theory, based on influences of jet dispersion properties for cavitations and jet development model of the mixture of emulsified oil and gas, it is found that high pressure emulsified oil contains lots of tiny water drops, which can increase a atomizing angle for spraying. Compared with the atomizing shapes of absolute diesel oil and emulsified diesel oil at various time, the results show: jet form of mixture changes dynamical characteristics of emulsified diesel oil when it is spraying from the nozzle orifice and its diversification of characteristics also correlates with the atomizing angle. When the percentage of water contents of emulsified diesel oil is 10%, the atomizing angle can get the maximum, which increases by 35%. At the same time, the jet atomizing angle will be increased and the jet valid length will be reduced when the container pressure is improved.
Synthesis of CdTe/Fe3O4 for Quantitative Detection of BSA
Authors: Yang Xiu Pei , Yang Xiao Cui , Fu Yu Li , Cheng Xiu Mei , Tan Zhi Jing
Published: November 2013

A new kind of functionalized CdTe/Fe3O4was synthesized for the quantitative and selective determination of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The effects of pH value, reaction time, temperature and dosage of CdTe/ Fe3O4on the detection of BSA were investigated. Under optimal conditions, the straight line equation: F/F0=1.40412+0.07216 C (μmol/L) was found between the relative fluorescence intensity and the concentration of BSA in the range of 0.69-5.52 μmol/L, and the limit of detection was 0.18 μmol/L.
Simulation Research of Interior Ballistics Performance for a New-Type Light Caliber Cannon
Authors: Li Jia Ning , Liao Xin , Nan Feng Qiang
Published: November 2013

In order to make a precise interpret and research of interior ballistics performance for a new-type light caliber cannon, an interior ballistics mathematical and physical model was established, on the basis of two-phase flow interior ballistics theory and description of interior ballistic cycle. MATLAB software was used to conduct numerical simulation. Conclusion indicates that the simulation results manifest favorable consistency with the experiment results. Simulation results can comprehensively interpret the physical process in guns by pressure distribution, projectile velocity and gas temperature distribution.