bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Livelihood of street vendors in Yogyakarta amidst the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pitoyo Agus Joko , Rokhim Akbar Abdul , Amri Ikhwan , Aditya Bagas
Published: November 2021

This study aims to find out the characteristics of street vendors in Yogyakarta City before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, the livelihood strategies performed by the street vendors during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the relationship between street vendors characteristics and their livelihood strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors used a quantitative method with a total of 83 respondents. The results indicated age characteristics ranging from 19-68 years, the last education completed by the street vendors was dominated by senior high school or equivalent, the status in the household was dominated by the head of the household, and the number of household members was 1 to 9 people. The COVID-19 pandemic induced significant impacts on the employment situation in the household, working hours, and income. The livelihood strategies performed by the street vendors amidst the COVID-19 pandemic were survival strategy (73.49%) and consolidation strategy (26.51%). This study found that the relationship between the characteristics of street vendors and livelihood strategies varied.
Study of agricultural economic potential in West Kalimantan using Regional Analysis Techniques
Authors: Nurulhuda Salma , Askarina Mery , Romadhoniastri Si’ta , Azahra Afanin Fatkha , Karim Deatry Kharisma , Isnain Muhammad Nadafa , Putri Ratih Fitria
Published: November 2021

The agricultural resource is one of the most critical sectors in the economy, which contributes a high portion of the growth and development of a particular region. Differences in characteristics and potential between regions give rise to the basic and non-basic sectors, which then affect income contribution. This research aims to analyze the economic potential of the agricultural sector of the regencies and cities in West Kalimantan Province as basic or non-basic sector. Both basic and non-basic sector analysis can be carried out using quantitative-descriptive methods using Shift-Share and Location Quotient (LQ) analysis. The analysis was carried out using secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) publication from 2015 to 2020. The results of the LQ analysis show the agricultural sector in Sambas, Bengkayang, Landak, Mempayah, Sanggau, Ketapang, Sintang, Kapuas Hulu, Sekadau, and Kayong Utara are the basic sector. Meanwhile, the agricultural sector in Kubu Raya, Pontianak, and Singkawang are non-basic sector. Agriculture in Melawi Regency has changed from a basic sector in 2015, to a non-basic sector in 2020. The results of the Shift-Share analysis show the agricultural sector in Sambas, Bengkayang, Landak, Mempayah, Sanggau, Ketapang, Kapuas Hulu, Sekadau, Kubu Raya, Pontianak and Singkawang have progressive or advanced growth, while Sintang, Melawi and Kayong Utara have slowed growth.
The influence of aquifer material to the groundwater potency in Ngawi Regency
Authors: Setyawan Purnama Ignasius Loyola , Rahmawati Laelina , Primacintya Vincentia Anindha , Febriarta Erick
Published: November 2021

Until now, groundwater is still the main source of water for domestic needs. Unfortunately not all places can contain groundwater. Groundwater potential in an area is largely determined by the rock layers that make up the aquifer in the area. This study aims to analyze the hydrogeological conditions of the study area and to analyze the potential for groundwater in each geological unit. To achieve this goal, this study is based on the analysis of existing secondary data, such as rock type data obtained from drill data and geological maps. Apart from these data, the main secondary data from this research is geosonar measurement data that has been done previously. In this geosonar estimation, VLF (Very Low Frequency) electromagnetic technology is used, which is a geophysical method that uses very low radio communication frequency signals (15-30 kHz) to determine the anomalies of the electrical properties of rocks. The results showed that hydrogeologically, Ngawi Regency can be divided into two, namely areas with high groundwater potency in the central and southern parts and areas with rare groundwater in the northern part. In addition, it is also known that there is a relationship between the aquifer material and the groundwater potency. Alluvial deposits which are dominated by sand and gravel have high groundwater potency, while the Kalibeng Formation which is composed of solid marl and Anggota Banyak Kalibeng Formation composed of andesite breccias is a scarce groundwater area.
Design Approach in Document Management System: The Development of EZDESK Dashboard
Authors: Afrizal Wahyu , Lubis Muharman , Musnansyah Ahmad
Published: November 2021

Document Management System is a concept of planning and managing a document in various activities simultaneously, which one of common activity is publication from before the conference starts to after the conference finished. Pre-conference activities include the process of registering a conference, the admin process of verifying the registered conference, until the conference has been published. In this case, user experience (UX) orientation and paradigm was investigated through the simplified RMS (Recognize, Materialize and Scrutinize) design approach by generating the prototype with the usability criteria and aspects to comply with the user demand as the critical factors and trigger for comprehensive execution. The EzDesk application is an application designed to assist users in registering conferences and verifying conference registration documents. There are 2 actors, primarily in this module, which are chair as the conference organizer and the admin plays a role in conference verification. To verify a conference to be held, the admin must check the required documents for holding a conference. After going through the verification stage, a conference can be distributed via visualization on the main page of document management system application.
Strategies for increasing lipid accumulation and recovery fromY. lipolytica: A review
Authors: El Kantar Sally , Khelfa Anissa , Vorobiev Eugène , Koubaa Mohamed
Published: November 2021

Microbial-based biodiesel is produced by transesterification of lipids extracted from microbial cells, and is considered as a potential replacement of fossil fuel due to its advantages in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.Yarrowia lipolyticais one of the most studied oleaginous yeasts able to produce lipids under some fermentation conditions and is considered as a potential industrial host for biodiesel production. Several approaches have been evaluated to increase the economical attraction of biodiesel production fromY. lipolyticalipids. In this review, we highlighted the different strategies reported in the literature, allowing this yeast to achieve high lipid accumulation. These include metabolic engineering strategies, the use of low-cost effective substrates, and the optimization of the cultivation conditions for higher lipid productivity and less operating cost. We also summarized the most effective cell disruption technologies that improve the extraction efficiencies of lipids fromY. lipolytica.
The Effect of Levosimendan on Phosphine-Induced Nephrotoxicity:
Biochemical and Histopathological Assessment
Authors: Baeeri Maryam , Rahimifard Mahban , Armandeh Maryam , Bameri Behnaz , Khalid Madiha , Haghi-Aminjan Hamed , Farhadi Ramtin , Abdollahi Mohammad
Published: November 2021

Background Aluminum phosphide (AlP) toxicity is associated with a high
risk of death due to heart, liver, and kidney failure as the target organs.
Phosphine gas released due to the ingestion is the main factor involved in the
multi-organ failure with various mechanisms. Levosimendan (LEV) is a calcium
sensitizer with a pleiotropic effect on multiple organs. This study aimed to
investigate whether LEV can alleviate AlP-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat
model.

Method Six groups included control group (almond oil only), sole LEV group
(48 µg/kg), AlP group
(LD50=10 µg/kg), and the poisoned groups treated
with LEV at doses of 12, 24, and 48 µg/kg 30 min
after AlP gavage. After 24 hours of treatment, serum and kidney samples
were taken for biochemical and histopathological analyses.

Result Biochemical analysis of the AlP group showed that the activity of
complexes I, II, and IV was significantly reduced, while the levels of lipid
peroxidation (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate, and
myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity significantly increased. Also, AlP reduced live
renal cells and elevated necrosis. However, the levels of serum creatinine and
blood urea nitrogen were not affected by the poisoning. LEV co-treatment could
increase mitochondrial complex activity and reduce MPO activity, LPO, ROS, and
lactate levels. Additionally, the histopathological analysis showed the
detrimental effects of AlP on kidney tissue, which was mitigated by LEV
administration.

Conclusion Our findings showed that LEV can potentially improve oxidative
stress, imbalance in the redox status, necrosis, and pathological injuries in
kidney tissue following AlP-poisoning.
Silylated Sugars – Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Bols Mikael , Frihed Tobias Gylling , Pedersen Martin Jæger , Pedersen Christian Marcus
Published: November 2021

Silicon has been used in carbohydrate chemistry for half a century, but mostly as a protective group for sugar alcohols. Recently, the use of silicon has expanded to functionalization via C–H activation, conformational arming of glycosyl donors, and conformational alteration of carbohydrates. Silicon has proven useful as more than a protective group and during the last one and a half decades we have demonstrated how it influences both the reactivity of glycosyl donors and stereochemical outcome of glycosylations. Silicon can also be attached directly to the sugar C-backbone, which has even more pronounced effects on the chemistry and properties of the molecules. In this Account, we will give a tour through our work involving silicon and carbohydrates.

1 Introduction

2 Conformational Arming of Glycosyl Donors with Silyl Groups

3 Silyl Protective Groups for Tethering Glycosyl Donors

4. Si–C Glycosides via C–H Activation

4.1 C–H Activation and Oxidation of Methyl 6-Deoxy-l-glycosides

4.2 Synthesis of All Eight 6-Deoxy-l-sugars

4.3 Synthesis of All Eight l-Sugars by C–H Activation

4.4 Modification of the Oxasilolane Ring

5 C–Si in Glycosyl Donors – Activating or Not?

6 Si–C-Substituted Pyranosides

7 Perspective
Can Nanoparticles in Homeopathic Remedies Enhance Phototherapy of Cancer? A Hypothetical Model
Authors: Loonat Ayesha , Pellow Janice , Abrahamse Heidi , Chandran Rahul
Published: November 2021

The continuous rise in cancer incidence places a massive burden on the health sector to increase efforts in the fight against cancer. As a holistic complementary medicine modality, homeopathy has the potential to assist in the supportive and palliative treatment of cancer patients. Recent empirical studies demonstrate the presence of silica and original source nanoparticles in ultra-high dilutions of several homeopathic medicines. Recent studies have also demonstrated the efficacy of phototherapy in inducing the ablation of cancer cells through laser-activated nanoparticle photosensitizers. A new hypothetical research model is presented herein, in an attempt to investigate and compare the phototherapeutic effects of homeopathic source nanoparticles with photosensitizing nanoparticle agents that have previously been tested.
Influence of Nd3+ modifying on 80TeO2–xZnO–(20−x)Na2O ternary glass system
Authors: de Clermont-Gallerande Jonathan , Taniguchi Daiki , Colas Maggy , Thomas Philippe , Hayakawa Tomokatsu
Published: November 2021

In this study, the ternary system of TeO2–ZnO–Na2O (TZN) with a fixed TeO2 content of 80 mol. % and with a varied ZnO and Na2O content of totally 20 mol. % was examined for thermal/mechanical properties, Raman and x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra, and the evolution of medium distance (correlation length) of order, called blob size here, given from low-frequency Raman spectra and longitudinal/transverse sound velocities as a function of ZnO concentration. The TZN glasses were doped with Nd2O3, and the effects of Nd doping on the above-mentioned properties were reported. High-temperature in situ x-ray diffraction experiments were also conducted to know possible oxygen coordination numbers of these main-constructive cations from crystalline phases precipitated at elevated temperatures. According to the information, the evolution of blob size of Nd-doped and non-doped TZN glasses was attempted to be predicted with a term of theoretical volume of their molar unit constructed with cation–oxygen polyhedra of TeO3, TeO4, ZnO4, ZnO5, NaO4, and NaO5. A transition region due to the structural change owing to the coordination numbers of Te–O and Zn–O was elucidated concerning density, molar volume, and Poisson ratio. XAFS spectroscopy revealed that the ZnO component had different polyhedra of ZnO4 and ZnO5, whose ratio was dependent not only on ZnO concentration but also on whether Nd3+ ions were doped or not. Based on the information taken from a variety of observations, our preliminary analysis suggested that the different mechanical properties between the doped and non-doped glasses were explained by five-coordinated zinc in the glasses. Possible molecular models shall be given for lower and higher ZnO concentrations in TZN glasses.
Charge transport in semiconducting polymers at the nanoscale
Authors: Lenz Jakob , Weitz R. Thomas
Published: November 2021

In crystalline small molecule organic semiconductors, the interplay between the charge transport mechanism and the crystal and molecular structure is nowadays comparably well understood due to the clearly defined morphology. Charge transport in polymeric semiconductors on the other hand is rather complex, for example, due to the substantial amount of conformational freedom of the polymer chains. In macroscopic devices, charge transport is characterized by alternating ordered and disordered phases with varying interconnections and structural defects, which implies that the influence of molecular weight and side-chains, polymer fiber alignment, and backbone rigidity has to be considered, since different transport mechanisms at various length scales from single chains to the macroscale can overlap. To fully understand transport in these systems, ideally, each length scale would be addressed individually before different processes can be joined in a macroscopic picture. In this Perspective, we focus on charge transport properties of polymeric semiconductors at the shortest possible length scales and discuss approaches that aim to make the short length scales still accessible for charge transport experiments.
Absolute surface energies of wurtzite (101¯1) surfaces and the instability of the cation-adsorbed surfaces of II–VI semiconductors
Authors: Jin Wentao , Chen Guangde , Duan Xiangyang , Araujo C. Moyses , Jia Xubo , Yin Yuan , Wu Yelong
Published: November 2021

We have investigated the wurtzite (101¯1) planes of five semiconductors, AlN, GaN, GaAs, ZnO, and ZnS. The absolute surface energies are obtained by using a series of wedge nanowire structures. A cation-adsorbed surface reconstruction, (1 × 1)X (X is the electropositive element of the semiconductor) adlayer, is found to have dramatically low energy under the cation-rich condition for AlN and GaN. A p electron draining mechanism is proposed to explain these results. We also developed a framework to analyze the stabilization mechanism of the unneutral surfaces. It suggests that the cation-adsorbed surfaces of II–VI semiconductors should be more unstable than the anion-adsorbed surfaces.
A new single equation of state to describe the dynamic viscosity and self-diffusion coefficient for all fluid phases of water from 200 to 1800 K based on a new original microscopic model
Authors: Aitken F. , Volino F.
Published: November 2021

A microscopic model, which is able to simultaneously describe the dynamic viscosity and the self-diffusion coefficient of fluids, is presented. This model is shown to emerge from the introduction of fractional calculus in a usual model of condensed matter physics based on an elastic energy functional. The main feature of the model is that all measurable quantities are predicted, depending on external parameters in a non-trivial way (e.g., the experimental set-up geometry, in particular the sample size). On the basis of an unprecedented comparative analysis of a collection of published experimental data, the modeling is applied to the case of water in all its fluid phases, in particular in the supercooled phase. It is shown that the discrepancies in the literature data are only apparent and can be quantitatively explained by different experimental configurations (e.g., geometry, calibration). This approach makes it possible to reproduce the water viscosity with a better accuracy than the 2008 International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) formulation and also with a more physically satisfying modeling of the isochors. Moreover, it also allows the modeling within experimental accuracy of the translational self-diffusion data available in the literature in all water fluid phases. Finally, the formalism of the model makes it possible to understand the “anomalies” observed on the dynamic viscosity and self-diffusion coefficient and their possible links.
Intermediate layer scaling in the inner layer of turbulent pipe flow and zero-pressure-gradient boundary layer
Authors: Dey J.
Published: November 2021

In incompressible turbulent flows, both inner variables (such as kinematic viscosity and friction velocity) and outer variables (such as boundary layer thickness and free stream speed in a boundary layer) are well established. Unlike the inner and outer variables, the (non-dimensional) length scale for the intermediate layer is CReτ, where Reτ is the friction Reynolds number and C is a constant. It is suggested here that, based on this intermediate layer scale, an outer (non-dimensional) velocity scale C/Reτ can be identified. With non-constant C, these length and velocity scales are found to perform well in constant-pressure boundary layers and pipe flows. Another aspect of the intermediate layer scaling reported here is that, for the same C, Reτ/C can be a scale for the inner layer.
Bright mid-infrared photoluminescence from high dislocation density epitaxial PbSe films on GaAs
Authors: Meyer Jarod , Muhowski Aaron J. , Nordin Leland , Hughes Eamonn , Haidet Brian , Wasserman Daniel , Mukherjee Kunal
Published: November 2021

We report on photoluminescence in the 3–7 µm mid-wave infrared (MWIR) range from sub-100 nm strained thin films of rocksalt PbSe(001) grown on GaAs(001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. These bare films, grown epitaxially at temperatures below 400 °C, luminesce brightly at room temperature and have minority carrier lifetimes as long as 172 ns. The relatively long lifetimes in PbSe thin films are achievable despite threading dislocation densities exceeding 109 cm−2 arising from island growth on the nearly 8% lattice- and crystal-structure-mismatched GaAs substrate. Using quasi-continuous-wave and time-resolved photoluminescence, we show that the Shockley–Read–Hall recombination is slow in our high dislocation density PbSe films at room temperature, a hallmark of defect tolerance. Power-dependent photoluminescence and high injection excess carrier lifetimes at room temperature suggest that degenerate Auger recombination limits the efficiency of our films, although the Auger recombination rates are significantly lower than equivalent III–V bulk materials and even a bit slower than expectations for bulk PbSe. Consequently, the combined effects of defect tolerance and low Auger recombination rates yield an estimated peak internal quantum efficiency of roughly 30% at room temperature, unparalleled in the MWIR for a severely lattice-mismatched thin film. We anticipate substantial opportunities for improving performance by optimizing crystal growth as well as understanding Auger processes in thin films. These results highlight the unique opportunity to harness the unusual chemical bonding in PbSe and related IV–VI semiconductors for heterogeneously integrated mid-infrared light sources constrained by tight thermal budgets in new device designs.
Economic games can be used to promote cooperation in the field
Authors: Meyer Stefan , Santos Paulo , Yang Fue
Published: November 2021

Significance

We experimentally evaluate the effect of playing a framed economic game on real-life cooperation. We frame the game within the context of reducing rodent damage to rice. Playing the game increases cooperative control of this pest and significantly reduces losses. The effect is driven by learning about others’ willingness to cooperate.
Quantitative assessment reveals the dominance of duplicated sequences in germline-derived extrachromosomal circular DNA
Authors: Mouakkad-Montoya Lila , Murata Michael M. , Sulovari Arvis , Suzuki Ryusuke , Osia Beth , Malkova Anna , Katsumata Makoto , Giuliano Armando E. , Eichler Evan E. , Tanaka Hisashi
Published: November 2021

Significance

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) plays a role in human diseases such as cancer, but little is known about the impact of eccDNA in healthy human biology. Since eccDNA is a tiny fraction of nuclear DNA, artificial amplification has been employed to increase eccDNA amounts, resulting in the loss of native compositions. We developed an approach to enrich eccDNA populations at the native state (naïve small circular DNA, nscDNA) and investigated their origins in the human genome. We found that, in human sperm, the vast majority of nscDNA came from high-copy genomic regions, including the most variable regions between individuals. Because eccDNA can be incorporated back into chromosomes, eccDNA may promote human genetic variation.
Broken detailed balance and entropy production in the human brain
Authors: Lynn Christopher W. , Cornblath Eli J. , Papadopoulos Lia , Bertolero Maxwell A. , Bassett Danielle S.
Published: November 2021

Significance

To perform biological functions, living systems must break detailed balance by consuming energy and producing entropy. At microscopic scales, broken detailed balance enables a suite of molecular and cellular functions, including computations, kinetic proofreading, sensing, adaptation, and transportation. But do macroscopic violations of detailed balance enable higher-order biological functions, such as cognition and movement? To answer this question, we adapt tools from nonequilibrium statistical mechanics to quantify broken detailed balance in complex living systems. Analyzing neural recordings from hundreds of human subjects, we find that the brain violates detailed balance at large scales and that these violations increase with physical and cognitive exertion. Generally, we provide a flexible framework for investigating broken detailed balance at large scales in complex systems.
Auditory startle disrupts speech coordination
Authors: Chiu Chenhao , Gick Bryan
Published: November 2021

Speech production requires temporal coordination between the actions of different functional groupings of muscles in the human body. Crucially, such functionally organized units, or “modules”, may be susceptible to disruption by an external stimulus such as a startling auditory stimulus (SAS; >120dB), enabling a possible window into the internal structure of learned speech movements. Following on the observation that SAS is known to accelerate the release of pre-planned actions, the current study examines lip kinematics in SAS-induced responses during speech movements to test whether this accelerated release applies on the scale of entire syllables or on the scale of smaller functional units. Production measures show that SAS-elicited bilabial movements in [ba] syllables are prone to disruption as measured by discontinuity in velocity profiles. We use a 3D finite element method (FEM) biomechanical model to simulate the temporal interaction between muscle groupings in speech. Simulation results indicate that this discontinuity can be accounted for as an instance of temporally decoupled coordination across neuromuscular modules. In such instances, the muscle groupings controlling lip compression and jaw opening, which normally fire sequentially, appear more likely to be activated synchronously.
Intensifying and downtoning in South Asian Englishes
Authors: Funke Nina , Bernaisch Tobias
Published: November 2021

As studies on socio-pragmatics in South Asian Englishes and – more generally – postcolonial Englishes are still rare, the present study analyses how age, formality of context, gender, topic of the conversation and type-token ratio of a given speaker influence intensifiers and downtoners in spoken Indian, Sri Lankan and British English as represented in theInternational Corpus of English. Central research interests cover (a) differences in the frequencies of intensifiers/downtoners regarding these factors and across the varieties studied and (b) variety-specific intensifiers/downtoners in these regional varieties. Two random forest analyses highlight that, while topic and type-token ratio are more important predictors than age and gender, all variables are – to different degrees – sensitive to variety. Possible explanations for a higher incidence of intensifiers/downtoners in British English than in Indian and Sri Lankan English include intensification strategies transferred from indigenous languages or high degrees of uncertainty avoidance in the South Asian speech communities.
Urban/suburban contact as stylized social practice
Authors: Duncan Daniel
Published: November 2021

This study highlights the importance of urban/suburban contact to linguistic variation. I explore two case studies of intra-metropolitan contact and their effect on variation in the English of Greater St. Louis, USA. Data comes from 14 white women born 1971–1991 from outer-ring suburbs in St. Charles County who differ in their length of commute, and twelve white women born 1935–1952 from the City of St. Louis who differ in whether they moved to suburbs in adulthood. The results suggest that in contact situations, the city and suburb accommodate to one another: commuting towards the city yields more ʻcity-likeʼ speech, while moving away from the city yields more ʻsuburb-likeʼ speech. However, identity mediates these contact situations through stylized social practice.
Counterurbanisation, dialect contact and the levelling of non-salient traditional dialect variants
Authors: Britain David , Grossenbacher Sarah
Published: November 2021

Earlier investigations of the linguistic consequences of mobility in largely rural East Anglia in Eastern England showed a quite dramatic decline in the use of the salient traditional dialect variants. In this chapter, we present a variationist sociolinguistic analysis of a relatively unsalient linguistic characteristic of the traditional dialect of this region – the use of the /ɪ/ and /ɛ/ vowels in a small set of lexical items that take /ɛ/ and /æ/ respectively in the standard – in order to assess the extent to which salience is implicated in the levelling process. We find evidence of considerable levelling of the traditional forms nevertheless, but not to the extent that we had found for more salient variables, suggesting salient linguistic variables may indeed be more vulnerable to attrition in contexts of intensive dialect contact.
Diminutives and their variation in spoken interaction in urban areas
Authors: Ziegler Arne , Oberdorfer Georg , Herbert Kristina
Published: November 2021

In order to understand the linguistic dynamics within urban language use, all linguistic levels have to be considered in empirical analyses. This paper addresses the morphological level, analysing the use of diminutives in Vienna and Graz and their surroundings. In Austria, diminutives cover a wide range of suffixes, where certain forms correlate with different degrees of formality and can tendentially be linked to diverging levels on the scale between dialect and standard. By analysing data from two corpora, the paper investigates tendencies of dialect levelling and potential differences between the two urban areas. The results point to the significance not only of the examined parameter place of residence, but also of age and gender when it comes to identifying motors of linguistic change and dialect levelling.
Phosphorylation-dependent mitotic SUMOylation drives nuclear envelope–chromatin interactions
Authors: Ptak Christopher , Saik Natasha O. , Premashankar Ashwini , Lapetina Diego L. , Aitchison John D. , Montpetit Ben , Wozniak Richard W.
Published: November 2021

In eukaryotes, chromatin binding to the inner nuclear membrane (INM) and nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) contributes to spatial organization of the genome and epigenetic programs important for gene expression. In mitosis, chromatin–nuclear envelope (NE) interactions are lost and then formed again as sister chromosomes segregate to postmitotic nuclei. Investigating these processes in S. cerevisiae, we identified temporally and spatially controlled phosphorylation-dependent SUMOylation events that positively regulate postmetaphase chromatin association with the NE. Our work establishes a phosphorylation-mediated targeting mechanism of the SUMO ligase Siz2 to the INM during mitosis, where Siz2 binds to and SUMOylates the VAP protein Scs2. The recruitment of Siz2 through Scs2 is further responsible for a wave of SUMOylation along the INM that supports the assembly and anchorage of subtelomeric chromatin at the INM and localization of an active gene (INO1) to NPCs during the later stages of mitosis and into G1-phase.
A novel thermal-mechanical model and the characteristics of interfacial stress in the laminated structure for flexible electronics
Authors: Liu Xu , Qiu Yuanying , Wei Yuan , Yan Rui
Published: November 2021

Flexible electronics have attracted rapidly growing interest owing to their great potential utility in numerous fundamental and emerging fields. However, there are urgent issues that remain as pending challenges in the interfacial stress and resulting failures of flexible electronics, especially for heterogeneous laminates of hard films adhered to soft polymer substrates under thermal and mechanical loads. This study focuses on the interfacial stress of a representative laminated structure, that is, the Si film is adhesively bonded to soft polydimethylsiloxane with a plastic polyethylene terephthalate substrate. An novel thermal-mechanical coupling model for this flexible structure is established in this paper, which presents the essential characteristics of interfacial shear stress. In addition, under thermal and mechanical loads, a typical case is investigated by combining an analytical solution with numerical results using the differential quadrature method. Furthermore, thermal and mechanical loads, material and geometry parameters are quantitatively explored for their influences on the interfacial shear stress. Targeted strategies for decreasing stress are also suggested. In conclusion, the thermal-mechanical model and application case analyses contribute to enhancing the design of interfacial reliability for flexible laminated structures.
Performance of global positioning system precise time and frequency transfer with integer ambiguity resolution
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Tu Rui , Lu Xiaochun , Gao Yuping , Lihong Fan
Published: November 2021

The Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier-phase technique is a widely used spatial tool for remote precise time and frequency transfer. However, the performance of traditional GPS time and frequency transfer has been limited because the ambiguity parameter is still the float solution. This study focuses on the performance of GPS precise time and frequency transfer with integer ambiguity resolution and discusses the corresponding mathematical model. Fractional-cycle bias (FCB) products were estimated using an ionosphere-free combination. The results show that the satellite wide-lane (WL) FCB products are stable, with a standard deviation (STD) of 0.006 cycles. The narrow-lane (NL) FCB products were estimated over 15 min with a STD of 0.020 cycles. More than 98% of the WL and NL residuals are smaller than 0.25 cycles, which helps to fix the ambiguity into integers during the time and frequency transfer. Subsequently, the performance of time transfers with integer ambiguity resolution at two time links between international laboratories was assessed in real-time and post-processing modes and compared. The results show that fixing the ambiguity into an integer in the real-time mode significantly decreases the convergence time compared with the traditional float approach. The improvement is ∼49.5%. The frequency stability of the fixed solution is notably better than that of the float solution. Improvements of 48.15% and 27.9% were determined for the IENG–USN8 and WAB2–USN8 time links, respectively.
Multiple intensity reference interferometry for the correction of sub-fringe displacement non-linearities
Authors: Bridges Angus , Yacoot Andrew , Kissinger Thomas , Tatam Ralph P
Published: November 2021

Displacement measuring interferometers, commonly employed for traceable measurements at the nanoscale, suffer from non-linearities in the measured displacement that limit the achievable measurement uncertainty for microscopic displacements. Two closely related novel non-linearity correction methodologies are presented here that allow for the correction of non-linearities in cases where the displacement covers much less than a full optical fringe. Both corrections have been shown, under ideal conditions, to be capable of reducing all residual non-linearity harmonics to below the 10 pm level.
Real-time mental stress detection technique using neural networks towards a wearable health monitor
Authors: Mukherjee Nilava , Mukhopadhyay Sumitra , Gupta Rajarshi
Published: November 2021

In recent times, detection of mental stress using physiological signals has received widespread attention from technology researchers. Although many interesting research works have been reported in this area, evidence of hardware implementation is occasional. The main challenge in stress detection research is use of the optimum number of physiological signals and real-time detection with low-complexity algorithms. In this work, a real-time stress detection technique is presented which utilizes only a photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal to achieve improved accuracy over multi-signal-based mental stress detection techniques. A short 5 s segment of a PPG signal was used for feature extraction with an autoencoder (AE), and features were minimized using recursive feature elimination (RFE) integrated with a multi-class support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The proposed AE-RFE-SVM-based mental stress detection technique was tested with the WeSAD dataset to detect four levels of mental state, namely baseline, amusement, meditation and stress, and achieved an overall accuracy, F1 score and sensitivity of 99%, 0.99 and 98%, respectively, for 5 s PPG data. The technique provided improved performance over discrete wavelet transformation-based feature extraction followed by classification with either of the five types of classifiers, namely SVM, random forest, k-nearest neighbor, linear regression and decision tree. The technique was translated into quad-core-based standalone hardware (1.2 GHz, 1 GB RAM). The resultant hardware prototype achieved low latency (∼0.4 s) and had a low memory requirement (∼1.7 MB). The present technique can be extended to develop a remote healthcare system using wearable sensors.
Strain regulated interlayer coupling in WSe2/WS2 heterobilayer
Authors: Xu Xiaodan , Wang Cong , Xiong Wenqi , Liu Yang , Yang Donghao , Zhang Xinzheng , Xu Jingjun
Published: November 2021

Strain engineering can effectively modify the materials lattice parameters at atomic scale, hence it has become an efficient method for tuning the physical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials. The study of the strain regulated interlayer coupling is deserved for different kinds of heterostructures. Here, we systematically studied the strain engineering of WSe2/WS2 heterostructures as well as their constituent monolayers. The measured Raman and photoluminescence spectra demonstrate that the strain can evidently modulate the phonon energy and exciton emission of monolayer WSe2 and WS2 as well as the WSe2/WS2 heterostructures. The tensile strain can tune the electronic band structure of WSe2/WS2 heterostructure, as well as enhance the interlayer coupling. It is further revealed that the photoluminescence intensity ratio of WS2 to WSe2 in our WSe2/WS2 heterobilayer increases monotonically with tensile strain. These findings can broaden the understanding and practical application of strain engineering in 2D materials with nanometer-scale resolution.
Rapid FRET-based homogeneous immunoassay of procalcitonin using matched carbon dots labels
Authors: Liu Bo , Yang Kun , Lu Siyu , Cai Junjie , Li Fan , Tian Feng
Published: November 2021

A novel method for the detection of procalcitonin in a homogeneous system by matched carbon dots (CDs) labeled immunoprobes was proposed based on the principle of FRET and double antibody sandwich method. Blue-emitting carbon dots with a strong fluorescence emission range of 400–550 nm and red-emitting carbon dots with the best excitation range of 410–550 nm were prepared before they reacted with procalcitonin protoclone antibody pairs to form immunoprobes. According to the principles of FRET, blue-emitting carbon dots were selected as the energy donor and red-emitting carbon dots as the energy receptor. The external light source excitation (310 nm) could only cause weak luminescence of CDs. However, once procalcitonin was added, procalcitonin and antibodies would be combined with each other quickly (≤20 min). Here, blue-emitting carbon dots acquired energy could be transferred to red-emitting carbon dots efficiently, causing the emitted fluorescence enhancement of red-emitting carbon dots. The fluorescence detection results in PBS buffer solution and diluted rabbit blood serum showed that the fluorescence intensity variation was linear with the concentration of procalcitonin. There was a good linear relationship between F/F0 and procalcitonin concentrations in PBS buffer solution that ranged from 0 to 100 ng ml−1, and the linear equation was F/F0 = 0.004 * C
pct + 0.98359. Detection in the diluted rabbit serum led to the results that were linear in two concentration ranges, including 0–40 ng ml−1 and 40–100 ng ml−1, and the detection limit based on 3σ K−1 was 0.52 ng ml−1. It is likely that this matched CDs labeled immunoprobes system can provide a new mode for rapid homogeneous detection of disease markers.
Influence of heat treatment on surface properties of HVOF deposited WC and Ni-based powder coatings: a review
Authors: Prashar Gaurav , Vasudev Hitesh , Thakur Lalit
Published: November 2021

Post-spray treatments have recently been popular as a means of improving the overall quality of thermally sprayed coatings, particularly those done using the HVOF technique. Thermally assisted surface treatment of deposited coatings is an effective way to improve the characteristics of coated components for specific applications. The tribomechanical properties of post-treated WC and Ni-based coatings deposited with high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) technique have been addressed. The structure-property correlations concerning the as-sprayed and post-treated coatings have been considered to understand the various mechanisms responsible for improved performance in terms of wear and corrosion resistance. The recent advancement in the post-treatments such as post-processing using microwave hybrid heating, laser-assisted processing and Stationary friction processing have been incorporated in the current review. Comparative studies have been presented to understand the structure-property relationship and performance of WC and Ni-based HVOF sprayed coatings with the help of various characterization techniques in this review article.
Rank varieties and 𝜋-points for elementary supergroup schemes
Authors: Benson Dave , Iyengar Srikanth , Krause Henning , Pevtsova Julia
Published: November 2021

We develop a support theory for elementary supergroup schemes, over a field of positive characteristic

p
⩾
3

p\geqslant 3

, starting with a definition of a

π
\pi

-point generalising cyclic shifted subgroups of Carlson for elementary abelian groups and

π
\pi

-points of Friedlander and Pevtsova for finite group schemes. These are defined in terms of maps from the graded algebra

k
[
t
,
τ
]

/

(

t
p

−

τ
2

)

k[t,\tau ]/(t^p-\tau ^2)

, where

t
t

has even degree and

τ
\tau

has odd degree. The strength of the theory is demonstrated by classifying the parity change invariant localising subcategories of the stable module category of an elementary supergroup scheme.
The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names of Ireland
Authors: Muhr Kay , Ó hAisibéil Liam
Published: November 2021

Over 3,800 entries

This unique dictionary covers the majority of family names that are established and current in Ireland, both in the Republic and in Northern Ireland. It establishes reliable and accurate explanations of historical origins (including etymologies), and provides variant spellings and geographical distribution for each name. Additionally, where relevant, it includes genealogical and bibliographical notes for family names that have more than 100 bearers in the 1911 census of Ireland.

An extensive introduction gives the history and formation of Irish family names, of Gaelic and English-language origin, and the research methods and sources used to compile the dictionary. The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names of Ireland will be of the greatest interest not only to those interested in Irish history, students of the Irish language, genealogists, and geneticists, but also to the general public, both in Ireland and in the Irish diaspora in North America, Australia, and elsewhere.
Hubness reduction improves clustering and trajectory inference in single-cell transcriptomic data
Authors: Amblard Elise , Bac Jonathan , Chervov Alexander , Soumelis Vassili , Zinovyev Andrei
Published: November 2021

Motivation

Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNAseq) datasets are characterized by large ambient dimensionality, and their analyses can be affected by various manifestations of the dimensionality curse. One of these manifestations is the hubness phenomenon, i.e. existence of data points with surprisingly large incoming connectivity degree in the datapoint neighbourhood graph. Conventional approach to dampen the unwanted effects of high dimension consists in applying drastic dimensionality reduction. It remains unexplored if this step can be avoided thus retaining more information than contained in the low-dimensional projections, by correcting directly hubness.

Results

We investigated hubness in scRNAseq data. We show that hub cells do not represent any visible technical or biological bias. The effect of various hubness reduction methods is investigated with respect to the clustering, trajectory inference and visualization tasks in scRNAseq datasets. We show that hubness reduction generates neighbourhood graphs with properties more suitable for applying machine learning methods; and that it outperforms other state-of-the-art methods for improving neighbourhood graphs. As a consequence, clustering, trajectory inference and visualization perform better, especially for datasets characterized by large intrinsic dimensionality. Hubness is an important phenomenon characterizing data point neighbourhood graphs computed for various types of sequencing datasets. Reducing hubness can be beneficial for the analysis of scRNAseq data with large intrinsic dimensionality in which case it can be an alternative to drastic dimensionality reduction.

Availability and Implementation

The code used to analyze the datasets and produce the figures of this article is available from https://github.com/sysbio-curie/schubness.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The expectant brain–pregnancy leads to changes in brain morphology in the early postpartum period
Authors: Chechko Natalia , Dukart Jürgen , Tchaikovski Svetlana , Enzensberger Christian , Neuner Irene , Stickel Susanne
Published: November 2021

There is growing evidence that pregnancy may have a significant impact on the maternal brain, causing changes in its structure. To investigate the patterns of these changes, we compared nulliparous women (n = 40) with a group of primiparous women (n = 40) and multiparous mothers (n = 37) within 1–4 days postpartum, using voxel-based and surface-based morphometry (SBM). Compared with the nulliparous women, the young mothers showed decreases in gray matter volume in the bilateral hippocampus/amygdala, the orbitofrontal/subgenual prefrontal area, the right superior temporal gyrus and insula, and the cerebellum. These pregnancy-related changes in brain structure did not predict the quality of mother–infant attachment at either 3 or 12 weeks postpartum nor were they more pronounced among the multiparous women. SBM analyses showed significant cortical thinning especially in the frontal and parietal cortices, with the parietal cortical thinning likely potentiated by multiple pregnancies. We conclude that, compared with the brain of nulliparous women, the maternal brain shows widespread morphological changes shortly after childbirth. Also, the experience of pregnancy alone may not be the underlying cause of the adaptations for mothering. As regards the exact biological function of the changes in brain morphology, longitudinal research will be needed to draw any definitive conclusions.
On-line risk prediction models for acute type A aortic dissection surgery: validation of the German Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection Type A score and the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II
Authors: Nežić Duško G , Živković Igor S , Miličić Miroslav D , Milačić Petar A , Košević Dragana N , Boričić Mladen I , Krasić Staša D , Mićović Slobodan V
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES

The German Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection Type A (GERAADA) on-line score calculator to predict 30-day mortality in patients undergoing surgery for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) was recently launched. Using the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II (EuroSCORE II), it is also possible to predict operative mortality for the same type of surgery. The goal of our study was to validate the prediction accuracy of these 2 on-line risk prediction models.

METHODS

Prospectively collected data for EuroSCORE II risk factors as well as all data for GERAADA scoring were extracted from an institutional database for 147 patients who underwent surgery for ATAAD between April 2018 and April 2021. The discriminative power was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The calibration of the models was tested by the Hosmer–Lemeshow statistics and by using the observed-to-expected (O/E) mortality ratio with the 95% confidence interval.

RESULTS

The observed operative mortality was 14.3%. The mean predicted mortality rates for the GERAADA score and the EuroSCORE II were 15.6% and 10.6%, respectively. The EuroSCORE II discriminative power (area under the curve = 0.799) significantly outperformed the discriminatory power of the GERAADA score (area under the curve = 0.550). The Hosmer–Lemeshow statistics confirmed good calibration for both models (P-values of 0.49 and 0.29 for the GERAADA score and the EuroSCORE II, respectively). The O/E mortality ratio certified good calibration for both scores [GERAADA score (O/E ratio of 0.93, 95% confidence interval: 0.53–1.33); EuroSCORE II (O/E ratio of 1.35, 95% confidence interval: 0.77–1.93)].

CONCLUSIONS

The EuroSCORE II has better discriminative power for predicting operative mortality in ATAAD surgery than the GERAADA score. Both scores confirmed good calibration ability.