bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Interface Growth Models Applied to Rayleigh–Taylor and Richtmyer–Meshkov Instabilities
Authors: Canfield J. , Denissen N. , Francois M. , Gore R. , Rauenzahn R. , Reisner J. , Shkoller S.
Published: September 2020

Sophisticated numerical models that contain fluid interfaces rely upon interface evolution models to approximate the transition to turbulence near interfaces, in the presence of Rayleigh–Taylor (RTI) or Richtmyer–Meshkov (RMI) instability. Semi-analytical models have been developed in recent decades to predict the interface growth from an initial state into the nonlinear regime. Two of these models are considered in this study. They are the Goncharov and the z-models. Both of these interface models have strengths and weaknesses, which are examined here. Both of them have been implemented in the xRAGE compressible flow solver, which models fluid interfaces. The flow solver provides the fluids acceleration as a body force to the interface model. The purpose of such interface model is to evolve the early times of interface position as a subgrid model within a compressible flow simulation in order to then initialize a turbulence model. In this work, the interface models are assessed and compared for their evolution of RTI and RMI. The z-model performed better than the Goncharov model for all cases that were explored.
Shear Effects on Scalar Transport in Double Diffusive Convection1
Authors: Sichani Pejman Hadi , Marchioli Cristian , Zonta Francesco , Soldati Alfredo
Published: September 2020

In this article, we examine the effect of shear on scalar transport in double diffusive convection (DDC). DDC results from the competing action of a stably stratified, rapidly diffusing scalar (temperature) and an unstably stratified, slowly diffusing scalar (salinity), which is characterized by fingering instabilities. We investigate, for the first time, the effect of shear on the diffusive and convective contributions to the total scalar transport flux within a confined fluid layer, examining also the associated fingering dynamics and flow structure. We base our analysis on fully resolved numerical simulations under the Oberbeck–Boussinesq condition. The problem has five governing parameters: The salinity Prandtl number, Prs (momentum-to-salinity diffusivity ratio); the salinity Rayleigh number, Ras (measure of the fluid instability due to salinity differences); the Lewis number, Le (thermal-to-salinity diffusivity ratio); the density ratio, Λ (measure of the effective flow stratification), and the shear rate, Γ. Simulations are performed at fixed Prs, Ras, Le, and Λ, while the effect of shear is accounted for by considering different values of Γ. Preliminary results show that shear tends to damp the growth of fingering instability, leading to highly anisotropic DDC dynamics associated with the formation of regular salinity sheets. These dynamics result in significant modifications of the vertical transport rates, giving rise to negative diffusive fluxes of salinity and significant reduction of the total scalar transport, particularly of its convective part.
An ecosystem goes topsy-turvy as a tiny fish takes over
Authors: Pennisi Elizabeth
Published: September 2020

Predator-prey reversal has dramatically altered the underwater ecosystem along the Baltic Coast archipelago
Cannabis research data reveals a focus on harms of the drug
Authors: O'Grady Cathleen
Published: September 2020

Funding for therapies grows slowly, new analysis finds
Can proteins be truly designed sans function?
Authors: Peacock Anna
Published: September 2020

A new unit of local protein structure can aid in the de novo design of ligand-binding proteins
Supplemental Material: Passive-margin magmatism caused by enhanced slab-pull forces in central Tibet
Authors: DAN WEI , al. et
Published: September 2020

Analytical methods, Tables S1–S6 and Figures S1–S5.
Deformation capacity of buried hybrid-segmented pipelines under longitudinal permanent ground deformation
Authors: Banushi Gersena , Wham Brad P.
Published: September 2020

Innovative hybrid-segmented pipeline systems are being used more frequently in practice to improve the performance of water distribution pipelines subjected to permanent ground deformation (PGD), such as seismic-induced landslides, soil lateral spreading, and fault rupture. These systems employ joints equipped with anti-pull-out restraints, providing the ability to displace axially before locking up and behaving as a continuous pipeline. To assess the seismic response of hazard-resistant pipeline systems equipped with enlarged joint restraints to longitudinal PGD, this study develops numerical and semi-analytical models considering the nonlinear properties of the system, calibrated from large-scale test data. The deformation capacities of two hybrid-segmented pipelines are investigated: (i) hazard-resilient ductile iron (DI) pipe and (ii) oriented polyvinylchloride (PVCO) pipe with joint restraints capable of axial deformation. The numerical analysis demonstrates that, for the conditions investigated, the maximum elongation capacity of the analyzed DI pipe system is greater than that of the PVCO pipeline. The implemented semi-analytical approach revealed that the pipeline performance improves strongly by increasing the allowable joint displacement. Comparison of the numerical results with analytical solutions reported in recent research publications showed excellent agreement between the two approaches, highlighting the importance of assigning appropriate axial friction parameters for these systems.
Rearing conditions differentially affect behavioural phenotypes of male “jack” and “hooknose” Chinook salmon and their sisters in both fresh and salt water
Authors: Church Kathleen D.W. , Janisse Kevyn , Nguyen-Dang Lida , Heath John W. , Heath Daniel D. , Semeniuk Christina A.D.
Published: September 2020

Alternative reproductive tactics are widespread in fishes. In Pacific salmon, males either become a competitive hooknose, or a sneaker jack, which is undesirable in aquaculture when overabundant. Juveniles often experience accelerated growth prior to becoming jacks, potentially caused by increased competitiveness. We tested the behaviour of hatchery-reared Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in fresh water and after 1 year in salt water. We also tested the effects of freshwater rearing density (100, 50, or 35 fish per 200 L), food ration (high or low), sire (jack or hooknose) for jacks, hooknoses, and females with and without confirmed jack siblings. Sisters of jacks were further identified to test whether females closely related to jacks also showed behavioural differences. Overall, jacks did not behave as predicted; rearing conditions were the strongest determinant of behaviour, and jack sisters behaved differently than jacks and other females. Our study underscores the complexities of jack behaviour, and of females closely related to jacks, at all development stages and supports the use of behavioural screenings to regulate jacking rates in hatcheries by identifying jack sisters.
Accuracy in estimating basal areas for forest inventories: comparison of Android-based virtual relascope and Spiegel Relaskop
Authors: Aguilera Mònica , Villasante Antonio , Fernandez Cristina
Published: September 2020

The potential for using smartphones extends to forest inventory. Several applications allow the estimation of basal areas, transforming the device into a low-cost virtual relascope. The accuracy of the Bitterlich relascope application was analyzed using four low-performance devices. The results were compared with those of a Spiegel Relaskop. The measurements were taken with artificial targets; this increased the discrimination of the results in comparison with tests made by counting trees. To check the accuracy in real field conditions, the Bitterlich relascope application was compared with a Spiegel Relaskop. No significant differences in accuracy were found between the data obtained by the traditional relascope and that obtained by the Android devices, neither for the artificial target nor in field conditions. The obtained biases were also similar between the Spiegel Relaskop and the devices tested. To achieve high-quality measurements with the smartphones, a realistic calibration resembling forest inventory is needed.
Hyperbolic Hopfield neural networks for image classification in content-based image retrieval
Authors: Anitha K. , Dhanalakshmi R. , Naresh K. , Rukmani Devi D.
Published: September 2020

Neural networks play a significant role in data classification. Complex-valued Hopfield Neural Network (CHNN) is mostly used in various fields including the image classification. Though CHNN has proven its credibility in the classification task, it has a few issues. Activation function of complex-valued neuron maps to a unit circle in the complex plane affecting the resolution factor, flexibility and compatibility to changes, during adaptation in retrieval systems. The proposed work demonstrates Content-Based Image Retrieval System (CBIR) with Hyperbolic Hopfield Neural Networks (HHNN), an analogue of CHNN for classifying images. Activation function of the Hyperbolic neuron is not cyclic in hyperbolic plane. The images are mathematically represented and indexed using the six basic features. The proposed HHNN classifier is trained, tested and evaluated through extensive experiments considering individual features and four combined features for indexing. The obtained results prove that HHNN guides retrieval process, enhances system performance and minimizes the cost of implementing Neural Network Classifier-based image retrieval system.
Abelian group factorization from cyclic and quasi-cyclic codes
Authors: Eid Abdulla , Ezzat Sameh
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we use the algebraic structures of cyclic codes and algorithmic techniques to find factorizations of abelian groups from cyclic codes. We construct specific subclasses of quasi-cyclic codes and provide the conditions with which we obtain a normalized factorization of certain abelian groups. The factorization, in both cases, is constituted by two sets, one corresponding to the cyclic code and the other corresponding to the words that represent all possible error polynomials of the cyclic code besides the zero vector.
One Peut-Être, Two Peut-Être, Three Peut-Être, More
Authors: Kelly-Bootle Stan
Published: September 2020

One is always loath to explain a joke. In face-to-face badinage, the joker can judge the comprehension of the jokes from their immediate reactions. Failing to win the approving smiles, chuckles, or belly laughs, the raconteur has a choice of remedies including the Quick Exit Strategy ("What a dumb crowd. I’m out of here!"). The modest teller will accept the blame ("Oh, I forgot to mention that the mother-in-law was a blond Republican Fortran programmer!") and order drinks all around. It’s the bore unwilling to accept defeat who embarks on a detailed analysis heralded by an aggressive, "You don’t get it, do you?"
Words Fail Them
Authors: Kelly-Bootle Stan
Published: September 2020

A recent announcement on the closing of an English nudist beach (have I captured your attention so early?) concluded with an apology to "all the naturalists" affected. This upset the "bird watchers," both naturalists and naturists (nudge, nudge), as well as those "word watchers" devoted to gooder English. Miffed and bemused letters appeared in Sally Baker’s London Times Feedback column, the traditional sounding board for disgruntled pop grammarians.
Monitoring and Control of Large Systems with MonALISA
Authors: Legrand Iosif , Voicu Ramiro , Cirstoiu Catalin , Grigoras Costin , Betev Latchezar , Costan Alexandru
Published: September 2020

The HEP (high energy physics) group at the California Institute of Technology started developing the MonALISA (Monitoring Agents using a Large Integrated Services Architecture) framework in 2002, aiming to provide a distributed service system capable of controlling and optimizing large-scale, data-intensive applications. Its initial target field of applications is the grid systems and the networks supporting data processing and analysis for HEP collaborations. Our strategy in trying to satisfy the demands of data-intensive applications was to move to more synergetic relationships between the applications, computing, and storage facilities and the network infrastructure.
Merge Early, Merge Often
Authors: Neville-Neil George
Published: September 2020

When doing merged development, how often should you merge? It’s obvious that if I wait too long, then I spend days in merge hell, where nothing seems to work and where I wind up using the revert command more often than commit; but the whole point of branched development is to be able to protect the main branch of development from unstable changes. Is there a happy middle ground?
Managing Contention for Shared Resources on Multicore Processors
Authors: Fedorova Alexandra , Blagodurov Sergey , Zhuravlev Sergey
Published: September 2020

Modern multicore systems are designed to allow clusters of cores to share various hardware structures, such as LLCs (last-level caches; for example, L2 or L3), memory controllers, and interconnects, as well as prefetching hardware. We refer to these resource-sharing clusters as
memory domains
, because the shared resources mostly have to do with the memory hierarchy.
Principles of Robust Timing over the Internet
Authors: Ridoux Julien , Veitch Darryl
Published: September 2020

Everyone, and most everything, needs a clock, and computers are no exception. Clocks tend to drift off if left to themselves, however, so it is necessary to bring them to heel periodically through synchronizing to some other reference clock of higher accuracy. An inexpensive and convenient way to do this is over a computer network.
Visualizing System Latency
Authors: Gregg Brendan
Published: September 2020

When I/O latency is presented as a visual heat map, some intriguing and beautiful patterns can emerge. These patterns provide insight into how a system is actually performing and what kinds of latency end-user applications experience. Many characteristics seen in these patterns are still not understood, but so far their analysis is revealing systemic behaviors that were previously unknown.
You’re Doing It Wrong
Authors: Kamp Poul-Henning
Published: September 2020

Would you believe me if I claimed that an algorithm that has been on the books as "optimal" for 46 years, which has been analyzed in excruciating detail by geniuses like Knuth and taught in all computer science courses in the world, can be optimized to run 10 times faster? A couple of years ago, I fell into some interesting company and became the author of an open source HTTP accelerator called Varnish, basically an HTTP cache to put in front of slow Web servers. Today Varnish is used by Web sites of all sorts, from Facebook, Wikia, and Slashdot to obscure sites you have surely never heard of.
Moving to the Edge: An ACM CTO Roundtable on Network Virtualization
Authors: Creeger Mache
Published: September 2020

The general IT community is just beginning to digest how the advent of virtual machines and cloud computing is changing their world. These new technologies promise to make applications more portable and increase the opportunity for more flexibility and efficiency in both on-premises and outsourced support infrastructures. However, virtualization can break long-standing linkages between applications and their supporting physical devices. Before data-center managers can take advantage of these new opportunities, they must have a better understanding of service infrastructure requirements and their linkages to applications.
Lessons from the Letter
Authors: Neville-Neil George V.
Published: September 2020

I recently received a letter in which a company notified me that they had exposed some of my personal information. While it is now quite common for personal data to be stolen, this letter amazed me because of how well it pointed out two major flaws in the systems of the company that lost the data. I am going to insert three illuminating paragraphs here and then discuss what they actually can teach us.
A Paucity of Ports
Authors: Neville-Neil George
Published: September 2020

I’ve been debugging a network problem in what should be a simple piece of network code. We have a small server process that listens for commands from all the other systems in our data center and then farms the commands out to other servers to be run. For each command issued, the client sets up a new TCP connection, sends the command, and then closes the connection after our server acknowledges the command.
Bound by the Speed of Light
Authors: Neville-Neil George V.
Published: September 2020

I’ve been asked to optimize our NFS (network file system) set up for a global network, but NFS doesn’t work the same over a long link as it does over a LAN. Management keeps yelling that we have a multigigabit link between our remote sites but what our users experience when they try to access their files over the WAN link is truly frustrating. Is this just an impossible task?
Splinternet Behind the Great Firewall of China
Authors: Anderson Daniel
Published: September 2020

What if you could not access YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, and Wikipedia? How would you feel if Google informed you that your connection had been reset during a search? What if Gmail was only periodically available, and Google Docs, which was used to compose this article, was completely unreachable? What a mess!
FPGA Programming for the Masses
Authors: Bacon David , Rabbah Rodric , Shukla Sunil
Published: September 2020

When looking at how hardware influences computing performance, we have GPPs (general-purpose processors) on one end of the spectrum and ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits) on the other. Processors are highly programmable but often inefficient in terms of power and performance. ASICs implement a dedicated and fixed function and provide the best power and performance characteristics, but any functional change requires a complete (and extremely expensive) re-spinning of the circuits.
Barbarians at the Gateways
Authors: Loveless Jacob
Published: September 2020

I am a former high-frequency trader. For a few wonderful years I led a group of brilliant engineers and mathematicians, and together we traded in the electronic marketplaces and pushed systems to the edge of their capability.
Don’t Settle for Eventual Consistency
Authors: Lloyd Wyatt , Freedman Michael J. , Kaminsky Michael , Andersen David G.
Published: September 2020

Geo-replicated storage provides copies of the same data at multiple, geographically distinct locations. Facebook, for example, geo-replicates its data (profiles, friends lists, likes, etc.) to data centers on the east and west coasts of the United States, and in Europe. In each data center, a tier of separate Web servers accepts browser requests and then handles those requests by reading and writing data from the storage system.
Evolution of the Product Manager
Authors: Chisa Ellen
Published: September 2020

Software practitioners know that product management is a key piece of software development. Product managers talk to users to help figure out what to build, define requirements, and write functional specifications. They work closely with engineers throughout the process of building software. They serve as a sounding board for ideas, help balance the schedule when technical challenges occur - and push back to executive teams when technical revisions are needed. Product managers are involved from before the first code is written, until after it goes out the door.
Securing the Network Time Protocol
Authors: Stenn Harlan
Published: September 2020

In the late 1970s David L. Mills began working on the problem of synchronizing time on networked computers, and NTP (Network Time Protocol) version 1 made its debut in 1980. This was at a time when the net was a much friendlier place - the ARPANET days. NTP version 2 appeared approximately a year later, about the same time as CSNET (Computer Science Network). NSFNET (National Science Foundation Network) launched in 1986. NTP version 3 showed up in 1993.
Beyond Page Objects: Testing Web Applications with State Objects
Authors: van Deursen Arie
Published: September 2020

End-to-end testing of Web applications typically involves tricky interactions with Web pages by means of a framework such as Selenium WebDriver. The recommended method for hiding such Web-page intricacies is to use page objects, but there are questions to answer first: Which page objects should you create when testing Web applications? What actions should you include in a page object? Which test scenarios should you specify, given your page objects?
Lean Software Development - Building and Shipping Two Versions
Authors: Matsudaira Kate
Published: September 2020

Once I was managing a software team and we were working on several initiatives. Projects were assigned based on who was available, their skillsets, and their development goals. This resulted in two developers, Mary and Melissa, being assigned to the same project.
Research for Practice: Distributed Consensus and Implications of NVM on Database Management Systems
Authors: Bailis Peter , Fournier Camille , Arulraj Joy , Pavlo Andy
Published: September 2020

First, how do large-scale distributed systems mediate access to shared resources, coordinate updates to mutable state, and reliably make decisions in the presence of failures? Second, while consensus concerns distributed shared state, our second selection concerns the impact of hardware trends on single-node shared state.
Research for Practice: Web Security and Mobile Web Computing
Authors: Yang Jean , Reddi Vijay Janapa , Zhu Yuhao
Published: September 2020

Our third installment of Research for Practice brings readings spanning programming languages, compilers, privacy, and the mobile web.
Faucet: Deploying SDN in the Enterprise
Authors: Bailey Josh , Stuart Stephen
Published: September 2020

While SDN as a technology continues to evolve and become even more programmable, Faucet and OpenFlow 1.3 hardware together are sufficient to realize benefits today. This article describes specifically how to take advantage of DevOps practices to develop and deploy features rapidly. It also describes several practical deployment scenarios, including firewalling and network function virtualization.
Pervasive, Dynamic Authentication of Physical Items
Authors: Yu Meng-Day (Mandel) , Devadas Srinivas
Published: September 2020

Authentication of physical items is an age-old problem. Common approaches include the use of bar codes, QR codes, holograms, and RFID (radio-frequency identification) tags. Traditional RFID tags and bar codes use a public identifier as a means of authenticating. A public identifier, however, is static: it is the same each time when queried and can be easily copied by an adversary. Holograms can also be viewed as public identifiers: a knowledgeable verifier knows all the attributes to inspect visually. It is difficult to make hologram-based authentication pervasive; a casual verifier does not know all the attributes to look for. Further, to achieve pervasive authentication, it is useful for the authentication modality to be easy to integrate with modern electronic devices (e.g., mobile smartphones) and to be easy for non-experts to use.
XML and JSON Are Like Cardboard
Authors: Helland Pat
Published: September 2020

In cardboard, the safety and care for stuff is the important reason for its existence. Similarly, in XML and JSON the safety and care of the data, both in transit and in storage, are why we bother.
DevOps Metrics
Authors: Forsgren Nicole , Kersten Mik
Published: September 2020

Delivering value to the business through software requires processes and coordination that often span multiple teams across complex systems, and involves developing and delivering software with both quality and resiliency. As practitioners and professionals, we know that software development and delivery is an increasingly difficult art and practice, and that managing and improving any process or system requires insights into that system. Therefore, measurement is paramount to creating an effective software value stream. Yet accurate measurement is no easy feat.
Corp to Cloud: Google’s Virtual Desktops
Authors: Fata Matt , Arida Philippe-Joseph , Hahn Patrick , Beyer Betsy
Published: September 2020

Over one-fourth of Googlers use internal, data-center-hosted virtual desktops. This on-premises offering sits in the corporate network and allows users to develop code, access internal resources, and use GUI tools remotely from anywhere in the world. Among its most notable features, a virtual desktop instance can be sized according to the task at hand, has persistent user storage, and can be moved between corporate data centers to follow traveling Googlers. Until recently, our virtual desktops were hosted on commercially available hardware on Google’s corporate network using a homegrown open-source virtual cluster-management system called Ganeti. Today, this substantial and Google-critical workload runs on GCP (Google Compute Platform). This article discusses the reasons for the move to GCP, and how the migration was accomplished.
Overly Attached
Authors: Matsudaira Kate
Published: September 2020

A smart, senior engineer couldn’t make logical decisions if it meant deprecating the system he and his team had worked on for a number of years. Even though the best thing would have been to help another team create the replacement system, they didn’t want to entertain the idea because it would mean putting an end to something they had invested so much in. It is good to have strong ownership, but what happens when you get too attached?
The Wright table of the cardiac cycle: a stand-alone supplement to the Wiggers diagram
Authors: Wright Bruce E. , Watson Gretchen LeFever , Selfridge Nancy J.
Published: September 2020

The Wright table is introduced as a novel tool for teaching and learning the cardiac cycle. It supplements the nearly 100-yr-old Wiggers diagram, which is information rich but difficult for many students to learn. The Wright table offers a compact presentation of information, viewable both in terms of how 1) each compartment’s pressures and flows change over time; and 2) the heart works as a pump, first filling and then emptying the ventricles, thereby moving blood from low-pressure venous to high-pressure arterial compartments. This new four-by-four display of interrelated aspects of cardiac cycle events offers a more integrated view of the phases of ventricular filling and emptying than can be easily observed in the Wiggers diagram. It also shows how ECG-related waves of depolarization and repolarization drive the events of each subsequent phase. The Wright table is a stand-alone teaching aid; however, it is designed such that weaknesses of the Wiggers diagram are complemented by strengths of the Wright table, and vice versa. Results of an anonymous student survey support the utility of the Wright table in medical education. Three modifications of the Wright table, each modeling specific cardiac conditions (i.e., paradoxical split S2 in left bundle branch block, mild aortic stenosis, and moderate aortic stenosis), are included to illustrate how the Wright table might be used in clinical training and research. In summary, the Wright table of the cardiac cycle provides new perspectives for visualization of the cardiac cycle in health and disease.
Appendix Neuroendocrine Tumor: Retrospective Analysis of 4026 Appendectomy Patients in a Single Center
Authors: Bayhan Zulfu , Yildiz Yasin Alper , Akdeniz Yesim , Gonullu Emre , Altintoprak Fatih , Mantoglu Baris , Capoglu Recayi , Kahyaoglu Akkaya Zeynep
Published: September 2020

Background/Aim. Appendix tumors are mostly incidentally identified in patients who were operated with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. They are detected in approximately 1% of appendectomy specimens. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) account for over 50% of appendix neoplasms. NETs appearing in the appendix can cause carcinoid syndrome. In our study, we aimed to retrospectively examine the clinical features of patients who underwent appendectomy with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and diagnosed with appendix NET in the postoperative period. Materials/Methods. The records of 4026 patients who were operated with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis between January 2008 and January 2020 at the Department of General Surgery at the Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, were evaluated retrospectively. Clinical findings, demographic data, surgical findings, and results of the patients with appendix NET, as a result of histopathology, were examined in detail. Results. 16 of 4026 patients were reported as NET. Nine of the patients were male, and seven were female. The average age was 33 (19–49). Any of the patients had no signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. All tumors were located at the tip of the appendix, and the mean tumor diameter was 0.85 cm (0.3–2.5 cm). As a result of pathology, one patient had mesoappendix and one patient had serosa invasion. Right hemicolectomy was applied to both patients. In other patients, meso, serosa, and lymphatic invasion were not detected. Tumor size was 2.5 cm in one of the patients, 1.5 cm in one, and 1.4 cm in the other, and the others were below 1 cm. In the postoperative follow-up, all the patients were discharged on average 2.71 (2–6 days) days without any complications. Conclusion. Appendix NETs are mostly asymptomatic and localized in a distal third of the appendix. Symptoms are mostly related to tumor size and distant metastases. Clinical behavior and prognosis can best be predicted by tumor size. Complementary hemicolectomy is recommended for tumors larger than 2 cm and tumors smaller than 1 to 2 cm, such as mesoappendix invasion, positive or uncertain surgical margin, high proliferative rate, and angioinvasion. For tumors whose diameter is less than 1 cm, simple appendectomy alone is sufficient.
Upper Bounds on the Diameter of Bipartite and Triangle-Free Graphs with Prescribed Edge Connectivity
Authors: Fundikwa Blessings T. , Mazorodze Jaya P. , Mukwembi Simon
Published: September 2020

We present upper bounds on the diameter of bipartite and triangle-free graphs with prescribed edge connectivity with respect to order and size. All bounds presented in this paper are asymptotically sharp.
Alpinia zerumbet and Its Potential Use as an Herbal Medication for Atherosclerosis: Mechanistic Insights from Cell and Rodent Studies
Authors: Xiao Ting , Huang Jiaoyan , Wang Xiaowei , Wu Linjing , Zhou Xue , Jiang Feng , He Zhiyong , Guo Qianqian , Tao Ling , Shen Xiangchun
Published: September 2020

Background/Aims: Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt. et Smith has been used as a flavor additive in food and a traditional medicine for centuries, especially in Guizhou Province, China, and it prolongs people’s lives with multiple beneficial effects. Thus, one of the aims of this review was to expound the chemical constituents of this plant, especially its fruits. Since cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, pose a health threat to humans, another aim was to expound the possible mechanisms of its potential use as an herbal medication for atherosclerosis. Methods: In this study, 10 reports are cited to expound the potential bioactive compounds. Moreover, 33 reports explain the antihypertensive and antiatherosclerotic effects of the plant by ameliorating inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, increasing vasodilation, improving hyperlipidemia, downgrading the glucose status, and working as an antioxidant. Results: A. zerumbetis rich in terpenes, essential oils, flavonoids, polyphenolics, and sterols. Pharmacological experiments showed that A. zerumbet has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects on the NF-κB signaling pathway and can ameliorate oxidative stress in the NOS-NO signaling pathway. Moreover, A. zerumbet demonstrates antihypertensive effects by accelerating vasorelaxant response and increasing 3T3-L1 intracellular cAMP, which has promising antiobesity properties, as well as hypolipidemic and anti-diabetic complication effects. Conclusions: A. zerumbet has potential functions and applications in the prevention of atherosclerosis, but further studies are required before clinical trials.
Topical Over-the-Counter Antiaging Agents: An Update and Systematic Review
Authors: Imhof Laurence , Leuthard Deborah
Published: September 2020

Over-the-counter antiaging formulations aim to prevent or minimize the signs of aging skin, and to maintain the benefits obtained from different cosmetic procedures. Even though a huge selection of such products is available on the market, evidence and good clinical practice of the data supporting their use are oftentimes lacking. In this systematic review, the authors reviewed scientific data available in the published literature on the most common ingredients used in antiaging cosmetics, with a particular focus on in vivo studies.
Prazo de validade de alimentos industrializados
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos. Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alta Pressão e Produtos Naturais, Bittencourt Gabriela Marques , Saltore Catarine Vieira ,   Companhia Industrial Brasileira de Produtos Alimentares Nestlé, Freire Maria Teresa Alvarenga ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Oliveira Alessandra Lopes de ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos
Published: September 2020

Atualmente, o mercado atual de alimentos disponibiliza uma grande variedade de opções em relação às variações de formulação, de tecnologias de processamento, de embalagem e, consequentemente, vidas-de-prateleira diferenciadas. O consumidor, por sua vez, quer que os preços dos diferentes produtos também sejam igualmente diferenciados. Tendo em vista a ampla variação de prazos de validade de um mesmo produto produzido por um mesmo processo, pode ser fabricado por indústrias diferentes, esta pesquisa de mercado teve por objetivo elucidar o consumidor sobre os fatores que conduzem a essa diferenciação. A influência das boas práticas de fabricação associadas ao controle de qualidade aplicado às tecnologias de processamento, acondicionamento, estocagem e distribuição são determinantes para o verdadeiro prazo de validade de um alimento industrializado. Considerando esses aspectos, realizou-se uma pesquisa sobre prazos de validade de produtos em supermercados, mercados e lojas de conveniências, em sites de indústrias alimentícias e diretamente com as empresas, utilizando-se de informações apresentadas nos rótulos dos produtos.
Impact of Initial Imaging Protocol on Likelihood of Endovascular Stroke Therapy
Authors: Lopez-Rivera Victor , Abdelkhaleq Rania , Yamal Jose-Miguel , Singh Noopur , Savitz Sean I. , Czap Alexandra L. , Alderazi Yazan , Chen Peng R. , Grotta James C. , Blackburn Spiros , Spiegel Gary , Dannenbaum Mark J. , Wu Tzu-Ching , Yoo Albert J. , McCullough Louise D. , Sheth Sunil A.
Published: September 2020

Background and Purpose:

Noncontrast head CT and CT perfusion (CTP) are both used to screen for endovascular stroke therapy (EST), but the impact of imaging strategy on likelihood of EST is undetermined. Here, we examine the influence of CTP utilization on likelihood of EST in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO).

Methods:

We identified patients with acute ischemic stroke at 4 comprehensive stroke centers. All 4 hospitals had 24/7 CTP and EST capability and were covered by a single physician group (Neurology, NeuroIntervention, NeuroICU). All centers performed noncontrast head CT and CT angiography in the initial evaluation. One center also performed CTP routinely with high CTP utilization (CTP-H), and the others performed CTP optionally with lower utilization (CTP-L). Primary outcome was likelihood of EST. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine whether facility type (CTP-H versus CTP-L) was associated with EST adjusting for age, prestroke mRS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, LVO location, time window, and intravenous tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator).

Results:

Among 3107 patients with acute ischemic stroke, 715 had LVO, of which 403 (56%) presented to CTP-H and 312 (44%) presented to CTP-L. CTP utilization among LVO patients was greater at CTP-H centers (72% versus 18%, CTP-H versus CTP-L,
P
<0.01). In univariable analysis, EST rates for patients with LVO were similar between CTP-H versus CTP-L (46% versus 49%). In multivariable analysis, patients with LVO were less likely to undergo EST at CTP-H (odds ratio, 0.59 [0.41–0.85]). This finding was maintained in multiple patient subsets including late time window, anterior circulation LVO, and direct presentation patients. Ninety-day functional independence (odds ratio, 1.04 [0.70–1.54]) was not different, nor were rates of post-EST PH-2 hemorrhage (1% versus 1%).

Conclusions:

We identified an increased likelihood for undergoing EST in centers with lower CTP utilization, which was not associated with worse clinical outcomes or increased hemorrhage. These findings suggest under-treatment bias with routine CTP.
Parental Responsibilities and Rights during the “Gender reassignment” Decision-making Process of Intersex Infants
Authors: Mills Lize , Thompson Sabrina
Published: September 2020

It is estimated that approximately two million infants displaying intersex characteristics are born every year. Such children are often subjected to medical intervention during the early years of their lives since it is socially considered “necessary” to allocate a conclusive sex to an intersex child. Although it is broadly observed that there are only three instances where “gender re-assignment surgery” for intersex infants is medically necessary, the majority of surgeries are cosmetic, unnecessary and performed with the stated aim of making it easier for intersex children to grow up to be “normal”. Parents of intersex children are faced with the agonising choice as to whether or not to consent to their intersex baby undergoing sex alteration surgery. Relying predominantly on the information provided to them by medical experts, parents are not always fully informed as to the potential physical and psychological risks attached to this type of surgery at this time of children’s lives. This paper seeks to discuss the role and duty of parents during this decision-making process, by evaluating the obligations prescribed by Article 5 of the Convention of the Rights of the Child.
Article 5 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Involvement of Fathers in Adoption Proceedings: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Sloan Brian
Published: September 2020

This paper considers the involvement of fathers in decisions about adoption, particularly in circumstances where a mother resists such involvement. It is largely a response to the work of Jill Marshall, who has argued strongly in favour of anonymous birth and adoption for children (without involvement of their fathers) as a choice that can be validly exercised by mothers. The paper argues that Marshall’s views are not obviously consistent with the requirements of Article 5 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, requiring states to ‘respect the responsibilities, rights and duties of parents … to provide … appropriate direction and guidance’ in the child’s exercise of her rights.
The Role of Intellectual Property Laws in Creating a Favourable Environment for Investment
Authors: Massadeh Firas Abdel-Mahdi , Kameel Tariq Abdel Rahman
Published: September 2020

This article analyses the role of intellectual property laws in fostering domestic and foreign investment in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). As a signatory to all the major international agreements on intellectual property rights, such as the World Intellectual Property Organisation, the UAE has established legislative protection of intellectual property rights to create a favourable environment for investment. This study has two main aims. First, it analyses whether the approach taken by UAE legislators provides assurance for intellectual property holders and their related investments. Second, it reviews whether this approach indicates if the UAE has the political and legal will to provide incentives for investors. The study found that the UAE’s intellectual property laws are equitable, accurate, and capable of drawing the attention of foreign direct investment. With such a competent legal framework, the UAE demonstrates it has the required political and legal will to foster foreign direct investment.
Five new species of Telenomus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) parasitizing eggs of Tabanidae in India
Authors: VEENAKUMARI K. , MOHANRAJ PRASHANTH , SREEDEVI KOLLA
Published: September 2020

Five new species of Telenomus—T. bucephalus sp. n., T. hayagriva sp. n., T. kanthaka sp. n., T. poseidon sp. n., and T. subaharani sp. n.—reared from the eggs of Tabanidae (Diptera), belonging to the Telenomus tabanivorus species group, are described for the first time from India. Although Telenomus parasitizing tabanid eggs have been reported earlier from India, this is the first time that Indian species in this group are assigned specific status.
Pseudotepuibasis gen. nov., a new monotypic genus of Coenagrionidae from Colombian Amazon (Odonata: Zygoptera)
Authors: STAND-PÉREZ MIGUEL ÁNGEL , PÉREZ-GUTIÉRREZ LEÓN ANDRÉS
Published: September 2020

Pseudotepuibasis gen. nov. is erected for P. garrisoni sp. nov. from the Colombian Amazon (December 2015, Caquetá Department, Solano Municipality, Araracuara, Guacamayo Guard, -72.2497, -0.6308, L. Pérez leg.). Male and female of this new genus are described and illustrated, cerci of male with a ventrobasal spur for which it is considered in the tribe Teinobasini, close to Tepuibasis De Marmels, 2007 and Austrotepuibasis Machado & Lencioni, 2011, by its color pattern and cerci morphology; and close to Leptobasis Selys, 1877 and Mesoleptobasis Sjöstedt, 1918, by its genital ligula. Some notable characters of Pseudotepuibasis are a chitinized spine-like process directed posteriorly on the genital ligula, male cerci with chitinized median tooth, and thoracic color pattern.
Prediction for Hepatitis E Incidence Using Support Vector Machine
Authors: Feng Yi , Guo Yanhui , Lv Jingjing , Yan Bingyu , Xu Aiqiang , Zhang Li
Published: September 2020

Hepatitis E is an acute viral hepatitis caused by hepatitis E virus, which has become a public health problem threatening people's health. Study on incidence of hepatitis E is effective in prevention and control of hepatitis E. We take the incidence of hepatitis E in Shandong, China,
as a case. We studied the periodicity of hepatitis E incidence, and proposed a method to obtain the exact period of hepatitis E, in order to improve prediction performance. Then, we adopt support vector machine (SVM) to predict the incidence of hepatitis E. To make full use of correlation
among data, we propose three modeling methods for SVM, including horizontal modeling, vertical modeling, and cross modeling. We take periodicity into account for prediction. To verify the effectiveness of our proposed method, we did a comparative experiment with ARIMA, which is the most commonly
used method for predicting hepatitis E. Experiments show that the correlation in and between periods is helpful to improve the prediction accuracy. Especially, our proposed CM-SVM method has good performance and stability for hepatitis E prediction.
Radiologic Intervention of Internal Iliac Artery Occlusion During Cesarean Section for Dangerous Placenta Previa
Authors: Zhao Qingzhen , Zhao Na , Luo Dengdeng , Yue Sheng
Published: September 2020

Objective: The cesarean section of dangerous placenta previa always faces the problem of massive hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical effect of internal iliac artery occlusion combined with obstetric autotransfusion in cesarean section of dangerous placenta
previa. Method: From November 2017 to November 2019, 20 patients with placenta previa undergoing cesarean section in our hospital were selected. According to the preoperative MRI and ultrasound diagnosis, the amount of bleeding was evaluated and divided into observation group (n
= 6) and control group (n = 14). All patients underwent routine cesarean section and prepared the obstetric autotransfusion device. In the observation group, the internal iliac artery balloon was placed under DSA before operation. After the fetus was taken out, the internal iliac
artery was blocked. The internal iliac artery occlusion was not needed in the control group. The total length of stay, Apgar score, the incidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hemorrhagic shock, postoperative infection and renal dysfunction were compared between the two
groups. Result: Compared with the relative data in control group, the operation time and postoperative hospital stay of the observation group were significantly shorter, the intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion were significantly lesser, and the hemoglobin difference before
and after operation was significantly lesser. There was no significant difference in the incidence of DIC, hemorrhagic shock, postoperative infection and renal dysfunction between two groups; There was no significant difference in neonatal body mass, Apgar score at 1 min and 5 min. Conclusion:
The internal iliac artery occlusion can effectively reduce the amount of bleeding in delivery, promote the recovery of negligence, and have no adverse effect on complications and neonatal outcome.
Computed Tomography and Statistical Health Informatics Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Gastrointestinal Patients
Authors: Zhang Lijie , Wang Wei
Published: September 2020

Objective: We statistically analyzed the status of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastroenterology and its correlation with gastrointestinal diseases in order to control the infection rate and reduce gastrointestinal diseases using health informatics and
computer tomography (CT). Methods: CT images from March 2014 to April 2016 were selected to analyze the incidence of 184 patients in the hospital. Among them, 78 cases of H. pylori infection were compared. We concluded that we compared clinical data and distribution of H.
pylori age, disease type, smoking, drinking, and other gastrointestinal diseases. Results: The positive rate was 42.39%. Linear regression models showed that age, occupation, smoking, alcohol consumption, and gastrointestinal diseases were risk factors for Helicobacter pylori
infection in patients with gastrointestinal diseases (P < 0.05). Both duodenal and gastric ulcers were positive. Higher than the positive rate of other gastrointestinal diseases. The positive rate of Helicobacter pylori in gastric polyps is lower than other gastrointestinal
diseases. Results obtained by detailed analysis of difference statistics using CT imaging (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Strengthening the screening of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with digestive medicine and analyzing its correlation with gastrointestinal diseases
is an effective way to prevent the occurrence of H. pylori. It is of great value to reduce the infection rate and prevent the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases. We eventually confirmed this using CT image analysis.