bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Peak Shaving Approach in Manufacturing Combining Machine Learning and Job Shop Scheduling
Authors: Miller Eddi , Schmitt Anna-Maria , Kaupp Tobias , Batres Rafael , Schiffler Andreas , Schmitt Jan
Published: January 2025

Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) plays an important role in highly autonomous manufacturing systems with multiple machine tools. The necessary Numerical Control (NC) programs to manufacture the parts are mostly written in standardized G-code. An a priori evaluation of the energy demand of CNC-based machine processes opens up the possibility of scheduling multiple jobs according to balanced energy consumption over a production period. Due to this, we present a combined Machine Learning (ML) and Job-Shop-Scheduling (JSS) approach to evaluate G-code for a CNC-milling process with respect to the energy demand of each G-command. The ML model training data are derived by the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method facing the main G-code operations G00, G01, and G02. The resulting energy demand for each job enhances a JSS algorithm to smooth the energy demand for multiple jobs, as peak power consumption needs to be avoided due to its expense.
Residual Stresses Generation in Multi-stage Rotary Swaging of Steel Tubes
Authors: Langstädtler Lasse , Moazzez Kasra , Charni Dhia , Schenck Christian , Epp Jeremy , Kuhfuss Bernd
Published: January 2025

Forming induced residual stresses give the potential to improve the application conditions which are dependent on the whole material flow history along the production line. A better knowledge of the generation of residual stresses leads to a more sustainable manufacturing process. Furthermore, hollow parts offer reduced weight thus saving energy and material consumption especially in the transportation sector. Thus, a sustainable swaging process needs to be designed with the understanding of multi-critical effects and interactions. In this study, the diameter reduction of annealed E355 steel tubes by infeed rotary swaging was exemplarily investigated. The reduction was performed by three different routes—one stage, two stages and three stages swaging using several swaging dies to reduce a diameter from 20 to 8 mm. The resulting residual stresses and geometric properties were discussed. It could be observed that an increased number of forming stages contributed to improved part properties like better surface quality and compressive residual stresses. Furthermore, the integration of multiple forming stages in a new swaging die design was presented. The improved part properties and new die design enhanced the processes and parts sustainability.
Initial Study on Milling in an Ultrasonically Excited Metalworking Fluid Bath
Authors: Gross Daniel , Eichinger Miriam , Selzam Jan Harald , Hanenkamp Nico
Published: January 2025

Energy and resource efficiency are seen as key drivers of the industrial transformation towards a low carbon economy. In particular, machine tools, which are essential to value creation, have a significant share of industrial greenhouse gas emissions due to their high-energy consumption. The energy demand for the provision and supply of metalworking fluids (MWF) alone can account for up to 25% of the total energy demand. The aim of this study is to investigate and fundamentally design an alternative cooling lubricant concept. This concept does not require continuous pumping of the coolant supply. Instead, the milling operation takes place in an immersion bath filled with metalworking fluid. An additional ultrasonic (US) actuator causes the coolant to vibrate, allowing the coolant to penetrate deeper into the cutting zone. The machining tests include a comparison of classic flood cooling, immersion bath milling and immersion bath milling with US stimulation. To compare the processes, the flank wear, the workpiece surface roughness and the bending moments due to the cutting forces were analyzed. The energy assessment allows a final evaluation of the processes.
Hybrid Polishing Tool for Internal Finishing of Complex Part Interiors in Magnetic Abrasive Finishing
Authors: Souza Adriel Magalhães , Rietberg Justin , da Silva Eraldo Jannone , Yamaguchi Hitomi
Published: January 2025

This paper describes the development of a new hybrid polishing tool, which consists of magnetic particles and a water-soluble binder and transforms from a bonded-tool phase to a particle-brush phase during polishing. During the bonded-tool phase, the binder remains intact, and material is removed from the peaks of the target surface where abrasive is pressed against the surface. Once the binder dissolves in the lubricant, the magnetic particles separate, form a brush tool (particle-brush phase), and polish the surface while conforming to the surface geometry. The phase transition timing is determined by the lubricant type. The magnetic particles can be collected using magnetic force and reused; the hybrid tool thus contributes to resource utilization and waste reduction. The effects of tool geometry, tool binder content, and lubricant type on the tool-phase transformation and polishing characteristics are clarified by applying the new hybrid tool to internal finishing of stainless steel tubes, made using directed energy deposition, using magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF). MAF mechanically removes material by the action of abrasives pressed against a workpiece with magnetic tools suspended in a magnetic field. Compared with conventional MAF, the hybrid tool achieves a target surface finish with significantly less material removal, minimizing waste production.
Potentials for Energy Savings and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction in Cement Industry
Authors: Sarfraz Shoaib , Sherif Ziyad , Drewniok Michal , Bolson Natanael , Cullen Jonathan , Purnell Phil , Jolly Mark , Salonitis Konstantinos
Published: January 2025

Cement production accounts for 7% of global carbon dioxide emissions, 3 to 4% of greenhouse gas emissions, and 7% of global industrial energy use. Cement demand is continuously increasing due to the rising worldwide population and urbanisation trends, as well as infrastructure development needs. By 2050, global cement production is expected to increase by 12 to 23% from its current level. Following the net-zero carbon 2050 agenda, both energy and emissions must be significantly reduced. Different production routes exist to produce cement that differs in energy intensity as well as carbon intensity. Similarly, a range of values exists related to energy and emissions for the major cement production stages i.e., raw meal preparation, clinkerisation and cement grinding. The same is the case with cement types produced. This study presents a literature review-based investigation and comparison of cement production practices in terms of energy consumption and CO2 emissions. This will provide perspectives to the cement industry by identifying approaches that are the least energy and emissions intensive.
Optimisation of the Melting Furnace Unit in an Italian Aluminium Foundry to Reduce Gas Methane Consumption
Authors: Rossi Jessica , Bianchini Augusto
Published: January 2025

The foundry industry is one of the most energy-intensive industrial sectors. Consequently, the energy cost can reach 7–15% of the cost of the operations. Among all the types of energy used, the most significant part of energy consumption is associated in Italy with gas methane in different typologies of melting furnaces. According to the treated material (e.g., aluminium, steel, cast iron), the foundry process can vary; however, some operations characterize the entire sector, such as the metal melting phase, which is the most energy-intensive stage of the process (it can account up to 70% of the total energy consumption of the foundry). The energy crisis, which has affected companies in these years, determines instability and volatility in energy availability and costs and requires implementing some improvements to optimize energy efficiency and reduce consumption. With the aim of investigating the potential energy reduction in the foundry sector, an Italian aluminium foundry has been considered. The analysis consisted of three main activities: (i) Analysis of the process and mapping of energy and resource consumption at the factory level and in each unit; (ii) Quantification of energy and resource consumption at the factory level according to the ViVACE® method; and (iii) Addressing the critical points (energy consumption) to improve the environmental impact of the foundry. According to this methodology, the optimization of the melting furnace unit has been addressed, allowing the potential saving of gas methane up to 13%.
Algae-Based Phlorotannins as a Sustainable Feedstock for Epoxy Resin Formulation
Authors: Böhm S. , Winkel A. , Kahlmeyer M. , Fazliu B. , Horn M. , Fuhrmann-Lieker T.
Published: January 2025

Bisphenol A is the most important chemical for producing epoxy resins, but as of today is not bio-based accessible. Furthermore, it is rated as a substance of very high concern and possesses reproductive toxic and endocrine-disrupting properties. Phlorotannins, a class of polyphenols, are structurally highly suited for serving as sustainable bisphenol A alternatives. They are largely found in brown algae, which are already being harvested for alginate production. Phlorotannins thus represent a promising marine raw material for the chemical industry which otherwise has received little attention in research to date, at least in the field of epoxy resin formulation. For this study, an epoxy-resin model compound based on phloroglucin, the simplest phlorotannin, was chosen to gain insight into reactivity and thermo-mechanical characteristics. As curing agents, well-established systems for ambient-temperature cure, e.g. isophorone diamine, as well as anhydrides for heat cure were applied. In all cases, thermosets with glass transition temperatures higher than 100 ℃ could be obtained under cross-linking conditions comparable to today’s procedures. In the case of a phthalic acid anhydride derivative, even a Tg of 198 ℃ has been determined, proving the high potential of the cured systems for industrial usage, e.g. as impregnating resins for fiber-reinforced plastics.
Risk Assessment for Small Manufacturing Businesses in Soweto
Authors: Tshabalala Takalani
Published: January 2025

A risk assessment is tool that assists businesses to identify, analyse and evaluate various types of risks that their severity. The manufacturing sector serves as the backbone of the social and economic development in South African, Soweto. Risks assessments have been conducted in various sectors but not the Soweto manufacturing businesses. It is therefore imperative that this study focuses on this very important sector to assist it in being sustainable. A risk assessment was conducted for 120 manufacturing businesses in Soweto. The study identified 5 types of risks namely the financial, operational, business, legal and third-party risk. The businesses were categorised based on the outcome of the production, and a risk rating tool was used to analyse and evaluate the level of risks that exists. The risk rating tool categorised the risks in terms of low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk. The tools’ outcome was the total risk type per manufacturing business type and the risk values per risk type. The study found that financial risk is a predominant risk that affects all the manufacturing businesses that were engaged, and that food, glass, textile, and wood manufacturers are the businesses impacted most.
Reducing the Down-Cycling of Carbon Fibre: An Observation on Preserving Different Woven Fibre Architectures
Authors: He Di , Pang Isaiah , Doolan Matthew
Published: January 2025

The growing use of carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) in the aerospace and wind industries is leading to increases in waste carbon fibres. The current recycling practice for this waste results in significant reductions in material properties. Preserving the reinforcement architecture of carbon fibre has the potential to enhance the mechanical reinforcement capability of the recycled fibre. Nevertheless, the impact of this approach on different woven fibre architectures with varying material characteristics remains unclear. This study presents an observation on applying fibre architecture preservation to the recycling of carbon fibres in two woven fibre architectures, namely twill and satin weaves. Carbon fibres are recycled by a pyrolysis technique and remanufactured into recycled CFRP. Flexural tests indicate increases in the flexural properties of CFRP with twill and satin weaves after recycling, differing from the results for plain weave in a previous study. The results suggest potential influences of weave architectures on the material compositions of the recycled composites, resulting in different flexural properties. Further research is encouraged to investigate the potential correlations and provide deeper insights into the use of this approach to reduce the down-cycling of various types of carbon fibre.
Dynamics of spinning binary at 2PM
Authors: Chen Gang , Wang Tianheng
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We consider the covariant proposal for the gravitational Compton amplitude for a Kerr black hole. Employing the covariant three- and four-point Compton amplitudes, we assemble the classical one-loop integrand on the maximal cut at all orders in spin, utilizing the method of unitarity. Expanding in powers of spin, we evaluate the one-loop amplitude up to $$ \mathcal{O}\left({G}^2{a}^8\right) $$
O

G
2

a
8

. Supplemented with extra contact contributions derived from the far-zone data of the Teukolsky solutions, the one-loop amplitude is in agreement with results available in the literature. We showcase the classical eikonal in the aligned-spin case at $$ \mathcal{O}\left({G}^2{a}^7\right) $$
O

G
2

a
7

.
Should states allow early school enrollment? An analysis of individuals’ long-term labor market effects
Authors: Görlitz Katja , Heß Pascal , Tamm Marcus
Published: January 2025

This study provides a policy evaluation of laws allowing early school enrollment of children, i.e., enrollment before the official school starting age. It investigates the effects of early enrollment on educational attainment, wages and employment. While the school starting age is usually determined by children’s date of birth and legal cutoffs, some German states allowed early enrollment in some years. Exploiting state and cohort variation, the results show that male early enrollees attain fewer years of schooling, enter the labor market earlier and have a larger labor market attachment at around age 16. Positive wage effects persist until approximately age 35. Results for women roughly resemble those for men, but they are less convincingly estimated.
Oral health and rehabilitation in face transplant recipients – a systematic review
Authors: Knoedler Leonard , Kauke-Navarro Martin , Knoedler Samuel , Niederegger Tobias , Hofmann Elena , Heiland Max , Koerdt Steffen , Nahles Susanne , Baecher Helena
Published: January 2025

Background

Facial transplantation (FT) provides advanced solutions for severe facial defects by incorporating complex tissues such as bone, skin, oral mucosa and nerves. Oral health plays a critical role in FT, impacting both functional outcomes and transplant prognosis. Despite its importance, literature on oral health in FT recipients remains sparse.

Methods

This systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CENTRAL for studies on oral health in FT patients up to August 4, 2024. Eligible studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Level of Evidence (LOE). Data extracted included study design, general information on FT, patient demographics, oral examination techniques, and outcomes.

Results

Out of 6,984 articles reviewed, 19 met the inclusion criteria, all consisting of case reports or case series involving 48 FT cases. Of these, 25 cases provided relevant oral health and rehabilitation data. All studies showed a LOE of IV, with an average NOS score of 4.3 ± 0.5. Most FT cases involved male recipients (n = 20, 80%), while the majority of FTs were conducted in the United States (n = 10, 40%) and France (n = 7, 28%). Oral mucosa biopsy was the most common examination method (n = 11, 44%). Malocclusion was reported in 48% (n = 12) of cases, with revision surgeries occurring in 36% (n = 9). Post-FT dental treatments included tooth extractions (n = 7, 28%), fillings (n = 3, 12%), and endodontic treatments (n = 2, 8%). Dental implants were placed in 32% (n = 8) of cases, with one case (4%) reporting failed osseointegration.

Conclusion

Routine oral health assessments are essential for FT patients to prevent complications and improve clinical outcomes. However, there is a lack of high-quality research on oral health in FT recipients, underscoring the need for further studies to establish standardized care protocols.

Clinical relevance

This review emphasizes the urgent need for standardized oral health protocols in FT patients to minimize infection risks and optimize long-term transplant success and overall patient health.
The role of ferroptosis in liver injury after cold ischemia–reperfusion in rats with autologous orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: Wu Wei , Xu Bei , Huang Haibin , Mao Ying , Gao Yuan , Bu Wenhao
Published: January 2025

Using autologous orthotopic liver transplantation (AOLT) model in rats, the effect of lipid reactive oxygen species (L-ROS) inhibitor Ferrostain-1 on ferroptosis signal pathway was observed to determine whether ferroptosis occurred in rat liver injury after cold ischemia–reperfusion (I/R). Thirty-two healthy adult SPF male SD rats, 8 ~ 10 weeks old, weight 240 ~ 260 g, were divided into four groups by the method of random number table (n = 8): sham group, I/R group, I/R + Fer-1 group, I/R + DFO group. In the I/R + Fer-1 group, ferristatin-1(5 mg /kg) was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before surgery; in the I/R + DFO group, DFO 100 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally 1 h before operation and 12 h after operation. Blood samples were taken from the inferior hepatic vena cava 24 h after reperfusion. After anesthesia, the rats were killed and part of their liver tissue was removed. The pathological changes of liver tissue sections were observed under a high-power microscope, and the liver injury was evaluated. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum levels of ALT, AST and IL-6 were determined by the ELISA method, Reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), MDA, Fe2 + and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in the liver tissue. Compared with the sham group, the serum levels of the IL-6,MDA, AST and ALT in I/R group were obviously higher (P < 0.05); The levels of MDA and Fe2+ in liver tissue were significantly increased (P < 0.05).The levels of SOD, GSH and GPX4 in liver tissue were decreased. The levels of serum MDA, IL-6, AST, and ALT in the I/R + Fer-1 and I/R + DFO groups were significantly lower than those in the I/R group at 24 h after reperfusion. In the I/R + Fer-1 group, the level of MDA in liver tissue decreased significantly, while the level of SOD, GSH and GPX4 in intestinal tissue increased (P < 0.05). In The I/R + DFO group, the levels of MDA and Fe2+ in liver tissue decreased significantly, while the level of SOD in intestinal tissue increased (P < 0.05). Ferroptosis is involved in pathophysiological process of liver injury after cold ischemia–reperfusion in AOLT rats.
Development and validation of an algorithm for identifying patients undergoing dialysis from patients with advanced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Imaizumi Takahiro , Yokota Takashi , Funakoshi Kouta , Yasuda Kazushi , Hattori Akiko , Morohashi Akemi , Kusakabe Tatsumi , Shojima Masumi , Nagamine Sayoko , Nakano Toshiaki , Huang Yong , Morinaga Hiroshi , Ohta Miki , Nagashima Satomi , Inoue Ryusuke , Nakamura Naoki , Ota Hideki , Maruyama Tatsuya , Gobara Hideo , Endoh Akira , Ando Masahiko , Shiratori Yoshimune , Maruyama Shoichi
Published: January 2025

Background

Identifying patients on dialysis among those with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 remains challenging. To facilitate clinical research in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) using electronic health records, we aimed to develop algorithms to identify dialysis patients using laboratory data obtained in routine practice.

Methods

We collected clinical data of patients with an eGFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 from six clinical research core hospitals across Japan: four hospitals for the derivation cohort and two for the validation cohort. The candidate factors for the classification models were identified using logistic regression with stepwise backward selection. To ensure transplant patients were not included in the non-dialysis population, we excluded individuals with the disease code Z94.0.

Results

We collected data from 1142 patients, with 640 (56%) currently undergoing hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis (PD), including 426 of 763 patients in the derivation cohort and 214 of 379 patients in the validation cohort. The prescription of PD solutions perfectly identified patients undergoing dialysis. After excluding patients prescribed PD solutions, seven laboratory parameters were included in the algorithm. The areas under the receiver operation characteristic curve were 0.95 and 0.98 and the positive and negative predictive values were 90.9% and 91.4% in the derivation cohort and 96.2% and 94.6% in the validation cohort, respectively. The calibrations were almost linear.

Conclusions

We identified patients on dialysis among those with an eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2. This study paves the way for database research in nephrology, especially for patients with non-dialysis-dependent advanced CKD.
Does the law make a difference? a longitudinal study on accessibility compliance of Norwegian municipality websites
Authors: Inal Yavuz , Torkildsby Anne Britt
Published: January 2025

This study explored the effect of current regulations on web accessibility compliance for public services in Norway. We evaluated all municipality websites over the course of three years: during the transition period in 2022 (i.e., following the government’s announcement of the new regulations), immediately after the given deadline in 2023, and one year after the regulations came into force in 2024. Evaluations were performed using an automated tool, namely WAVE. In the last evaluation, we also conducted a cognitive walkthrough - via a keyboard and screen reader - on randomly selected websites to better understand changes in their accessibility compliance. The results showed significant differences in detected accessibility issues between the evaluation periods, indicating a positive outlook for continuous improvement and refinement over time. However, most websites still had accessibility violations in the final evaluation round, and hence, the results conclude that the rate of progress is insufficient to achieve web accessibility. This leads us to discuss the importance of raising awareness of and educating everyone in the ecosystem to complement the accessibility regulations, paving the way for a more equal and inclusive digital society.
Improving Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) time-series prediction accuracy using machine learning and technical analysis indicators
Authors: Habbab Fatim Z. , Kampouridis Michael , Papastylianou Tasos
Published: January 2025

The primary goal of investors who include Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) in their portfolios is to achieve better returns while reducing the overall risk of their investments. REITs are entities responsible for owning and managing real estate properties. To achieve greater returns while reducing risk, it is essential to accurately predict future REIT prices. This study explores the predictive capability of five different machine learning algorithms used to predict REIT prices. These algorithms include Ordinary Least Squares Linear Regression, Support Vector Regression, k-Nearest Neighbours Regression, Extreme Gradient Boosting, and Long/Short-Term Memory Neural Networks. Additionally, historical REIT prices are supplemented with Technical Analysis indicators (TAIs) to aid in price predictions. While TA indicators are commonly used in stock market forecasting, their application in the context of REITs has remained relatively unexplored. The study applied these algorithms to predict future prices for 30 REITs from the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia, along with 30 stocks and 30 bonds. After obtaining our price predictions, we employ a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimise weights of a diversified portfolio. Our results reveal several key findings: (i) all machine learning algorithms demonstrated low average and standard deviation values in the error rate distributions, outperforming commonly used statistical benchmarks such as Holt’s Linear Trend Method (HLTM), Trigonometric Box-Cox Autoregressive Time Series (TBATS), and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA); (ii) incorporating Technical Analysis indicators in the ML algorithms resulted in a significant reduction in prediction errors, up to 60% in some cases; and (iii) a multi-asset portfolio constructed using predictions that incorporated Technical Analysis indicators outperformed a portfolio based solely on predictions derived from past prices. Furthermore, this study employed Shapley Value-based techniques, specifically SHAP and SAGE, to analyse the importance of the features used in the analysis. These techniques provided additional evidence of the value added by Technical Analysis indicators in this context.
A systematic survey on human pose estimation: upstream and downstream tasks, approaches, lightweight models, and prospects
Authors: Gao Zheyan , Chen Jinyan , Liu Yuxin , Jin Yucheng , Tian Dingxiaofei
Published: January 2025

In recent years, human pose estimation has been widely studied as a branch task of computer vision. Human pose estimation plays an important role in the development of medicine, fitness, virtual reality, and other fields. Early human pose estimation technology used traditional manual modeling methods. Recently, human pose estimation technology has developed rapidly using deep learning. This study not only reviews the basic research of human pose estimation but also summarizes the latest cutting-edge technologies. In addition to systematically summarizing the human pose estimation technology, this article also extends to the upstream and downstream tasks of human pose estimation, which shows the positioning of human pose estimation technology more intuitively. In particular, considering the issues regarding computer resources and challenges concerning model performance faced by human pose estimation, the lightweight human pose estimation models and the transformer-based human pose estimation models are summarized in this paper. In general, this article classifies human pose estimation technology around types of methods, 2D or 3D representation of outputs, the number of people, views, and temporal information. Meanwhile, classic datasets and targeted datasets are mentioned in this paper, as well as metrics applied to these datasets. Finally, we generalize the current challenges and possible development of human pose estimation technology in the future.
Application of deep learning for high-throughput phenotyping of seed: a review
Authors: Jin Chen , Zhou Lei , Pu Yuanyuan , Zhang Chu , Qi Hengnian , Zhao Yiying
Published: January 2025

Seed quality is of great importance for agricultural cultivation. High-throughput phenotyping techniques can collect magnificent seed information in a rapid and non-destructive manner. Emerging deep learning technology brings new opportunities for effectively processing massive and diverse data from seeds and evaluating their quality. This article comprehensively reviews the principle of several high-throughput phenotyping techniques for non-destructively collection of seed information. In addition, recent research studies on the application of deep learning-based approaches for seed quality inspection are reviewed and summarized, including variety classification and grading, seed damage detection, components prediction, seed cleanliness, vitality assessment, etc. This review illustrates that the combination of deep learning and high-throughput phenotyping techniques can be a promising tool for collection of various phenotype information of seeds, which can be used for effective evaluation of seed quality in industrial practical applications, such as seed breeding, seed quality inspection and management, and seed selection as a food source.
Intensive Outreach for Mental Health: Young People’s Experiences of an Intensive Outreach Model on Recovery and Engagement
Authors: Bellairs-Walsh India , Nichterlein Maria , Assan Ben , Stargatt Robyn
Published: January 2025

Engagement with traditional mental health services can be particularly challenging for young people experiencing severe and complex mental health problems. Assertive community treatment-based services providing mobile outreach, such as Intensive Mobile Youth Outreach Services (IMYOS), operate across Australia to support these young people’s mental health needs in the transition to adulthood. Past research on IMYOS has focused on quantitative outcome measures, and young people’s experiences of this type of model are poorly understood. This study explored youth service users’ experiences of an IMYOS program, focusing on the model and intervention aspects perceived as barriers and facilitators to their overall recovery and service engagement. Semi-structured, in-depth interviewing was undertaken with nine young people aged 16–19 years (M = 17.61 years) who were current or recent service users of an IMYOS program in Melbourne, Australia. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Having a therapeutic space, clinicians’ specialised expertise, use of an outreach and community-oriented approach, and care continuity and availability across settings were program aspects identified by young people as facilitating their recovery and service engagement. Program aspects perceived as barriers to recovery and engagement were clinical unsuitability and ineffectiveness of the program and interventions, and conflicts between personal autonomy and assertive care. Young people’s perceptions of clinical suitability and therapeutic relevance influenced their evaluations of the overall effectiveness of the IMYOS service, which subsequently impacted their engagement. The findings provide opportunities for IMYOS clinicians to enhance young people’s recovery and engagement outcomes and have implications for the improvement of this innovative service for at-risk young people.
Infectious disease hospitalization after receipt of human papillomavirus vaccine: a nationwide register-based cohort study among Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, and Swedish girls
Authors: Laake Ida , Feiring Berit , Gehrt Lise , Englund Hélène , Lahdenkari Mika , Sørup Signe , Nieminen Heta , Trogstad Lill
Published: January 2025

It has been suggested that non-live vaccines may increase susceptibility to non-targeted infections and that such deleterious non-specific effects are more pronounced in girls. We investigated whether receipt of non-live vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) was associated with increased risk of infectious disease hospitalization. A nationwide cohort study based on detailed individual-level data from national registries was performed in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. The cohort consisted of girls aged 11–14 years in Denmark, Finland, and Norway, and 10–14 years in Sweden. Cox regression, with extensive control for potential confounders, was used to assess whether risk of infectious disease hospitalization with at least one overnight stay differed according to time-varying HPV vaccination status. In total, 754 458 girls were included in the analysis. The infectious disease hospitalization rate (per 10 000 person years) was 44.1 in Denmark, 35.7 in Finland, 37.1 in Norway, and 28.5 in Sweden. Comparing HPV-vaccinated with HPV-unvaccinated person time, the adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.81 (0.72, 0.90) in Denmark, 0.69 (0.60, 0.80) in Finland, 0.76 (0.66, 0.88) in Norway, and 0.59 (0.49, 0.71) in Sweden. Decreased risk was observed regardless of number of doses, except in Norway, where risk among girls with only one dose did not differ from risk among unvaccinated girls. Receipt of HPV vaccine was consistently associated with decreased risk of infectious disease hospitalization among girls in the Nordic countries. Our study does not support that HPV vaccines have deleterious non-specific effects.
Nonconvex Quasi-Variational Inequalities: Stability Analysis and Application to Numerical Optimization
Authors: Dutta Joydeep , Lafhim Lahoussine , Zemkoho Alain , Zhou Shenglong
Published: January 2025

We consider a parametric quasi-variational inequality (QVI) without any convexity assumption. Using the concept of optimal value function, we transform the problem into that of solving a nonsmooth system of inequalities. Based on this reformulation, new coderivative estimates as well as robust stability conditions for the optimal solution map of this QVI are developed. Also, for an optimization problem with QVI constraint, necessary optimality conditions are constructed and subsequently, a tailored semismooth Newton-type method is designed, implemented, and tested on a wide range of optimization examples from the literature. In addition to the fact that our approach does not require convexity, its coderivative and stability analysis do not involve second order derivatives, and subsequently, the proposed Newton scheme does not need third order derivatives, as it is the case for some previous works in the literature.
Uranium separation from urine matrix using amidoximated crosslinked polyacrylonitrile adsorbent
Authors: Prabhu S. P. , Kanjilal Amit , Gondane Sonali , Sawant P. D. , Kumar Awadhesh , Chaudhury Probal , Kulkarni M. S.
Published: January 2025

A rapid radiochemical separation method was developed for the assessment of uranium in urine using indigenously synthesised amidoximated crosslinked polyacrylonitrile (ACPAN) adsorbent. The synthesised adsorbent exhibited a high uranium adsorption capacity for urine samples conditioned at pH 2. The reusability of the ACPAN adsorbent was demonstrated by its stable adsorption capacity for ultra-trace levels of uranium over multiple cycles. The standardized method complied ANSI 13.30 radio bioassay performance criteria, validating the suitability of this novel technique for precise determination of uranium in urine. The method developed is rapid, sensitive, and can be applied for emergency bioassay of uranium in urine.
Tunnel wash water in a cold climate: characteristics, ecotoxicological risk, and effect of sedimentation
Authors: Sossalla Nadine A. , Uhl Wolfgang , Vistnes Hanne , Rathnaweera Subhash Srikantha , Vik Eilen Arctander , Meyn Thomas
Published: January 2025

The characterization of tunnel wash water (TWW) from 12 Norwegian tunnels showed very high concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and manganese (Mn) were mainly particle-associated. They are efficiently removed by sedimentation, while the dissolved concentrations of toxic metals like Cu, Zn, and As did not change. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration was higher in the dissolved than in the particulate fraction. Sedimentation treatment reduced the particulate share by about 50%. In contrast to metals, the dissolved fraction decreased by about 90% during sedimentation, most probably due to adsorption to particles that are subsequently removed during the process. The concentration levels of 8 out of 16 PAHs, Cu, Zn, and As resulted in a water quality classification of poor or very poor. Acute toxic effects could be expected after short-term exposition. After sedimentation, this was the case for only two PAHs because more harmful compounds with three to six rings were preferably removed. These may adsorb better to particles than PAHs with two rings. No change was observed for the metals. A closer evaluation of secondary treatments of TWW, including conventional technology and mobile solutions, is therefore recommended. Finally, indications for a seasonal pollution variation have been seen, mainly related to the use of salt as a de-icing agent in road maintenance.

Graphical Abstract
Hydrogen-Bonding-Crosslinked Polyzwitterionic Hydrogels with Extreme Stretchability, Ultralow Hysteresis, Self-adhesion, and Antifreezing Performance as Flexible Self-powered Electronic Devices
Authors: Bao Siyu , Wang Hongying , Liu Baocheng , Huang Chenhao , Deng Jingguo , Ren Wenjie , Li Yongmao , Yang Jianhai
Published: January 2025

Flexible strain sensors have received tremendous attention because of their potential applications as wearable sensing devices. However, the integration of key functions into a single sensor, such as high stretchability, low hysteresis, self-adhesion, and excellent antifreezing performance, remains an unmet challenge. In this respect, zwitterionic hydrogels have emerged as ideal material candidates for breaking through the above dilemma. The mechanical properties of most reported zwitterionic hydrogels, however, are relatively poor, significantly restricting their use under load-bearing conditions. Traditional improvement approaches often involve complex preparation processes, making large-scale production challenging. Additionally, zwitterionic hydrogels prepared with chemical crosslinkers are typically fragile and prone to irreversible deformation under large strains, resulting in the slow recovery of structure and function. To fundamentally enhance the mechanical properties of pure zwitterionic hydrogels, the most effective approach is the regulation of the chemical structure of zwitterionic monomers through a targeted design strategy. This study employed a novel zwitterionic monomer carboxybetaine urethane acrylate (CBUTA), which contained one urethane group and one carboxybetaine group on its side chain. Through the direct polymerization of ultrahigh concentration monomer solutions without adding any chemical crosslinker, we successfully developed pure zwitterionic supramolecular hydrogels with significantly enhanced mechanical properties, self-adhesive behavior, and antifreezing performance. Most importantly, the resultant zwitterionic hydrogels exhibited high tensile strength and toughness and displayed ultralow hysteresis under strain conditions up to 1100%. This outstanding performance was attributed to the unique liquid–liquid phase separation phenomenon induced by the ultrahigh concentration of CBUTA monomers in an aqueous solution, as well as the enhanced polymer chain entanglement and the strong hydrogen bonds between urethane groups on the side chains. The potential application of hydrogels in strain sensors and high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators was further explored. Overall, this work provides a promising strategy for developing pure zwitterionic hydrogels for flexible strain sensors and self-powered electronic devices.
A new species and a new combination in Stenandriopsis (Acanthaceae) from Madagascar
Authors: Darbyshire Iain , Callmander Martin W. , Randriamamonjy Nomentsoa J. E.
Published: January 2025

A new species of the palaeotropical genus Stenandriopsis S.Moore (Acanthaceae) is described from Daraina region (Loky-Manambato) in northeastern Madagascar, and named S. darainensis I.Darbysh. & Callm. It is compared to the most similar species morphologically, S. boivinii (S.Moore) Benoist, and notes on its habitat preferences and conservation status (extinction risk) are provided — it is assessed using IUCN criteria as Vulnerable [VU D2]. In addition, Stenandriopsis leptostachys Benoist var. longifolia Benoist from southern Madagascar is re-elevated to full species status and a new combination in Stenandriopsis is made for this taxon, Stenandriopsis longifolia (Benoist) I.Darbysh. & Callm.
Early clinical outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the NAVITOR system
Authors: Fujita Kosuke , Matsumura Koichiro , Sugimoto Keishiro , Onishi Kyohei , Kakehi Kazuyoshi , Yoshida Ayano , Kawamura Takayuki , Yasuda Masakazu , Matsuzoe Hiroki , Mizutani Kazuki , Miyoshi Tatsuya , Ueno Masafumi , Sakaguchi Genichi , Nakazawa Gaku
Published: January 2025

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) using the NAVITOR system has been relatively underreported due to its recent introduction in Japan. This study aimed to assess the short-term outcomes of TAVI with the NAVITOR in real-world clinical practice. Patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent TAVI using the NAVITOR system at our institution between December 2022 and December 2023 were prospectively enrolled. We evaluated the 30-day post-TAVI outcomes using the Valve Academic Research Consortium 3 (VARC-3). Among 32 consecutive patients (mean age, 84 years; 19% female), technical success was achieved in 31 (96.8%). One patient developed a subclavian artery vascular dissection, requiring balloon angioplasty during the TAVI procedure, and another received a permanent pacemaker due to persistent advanced atrioventricular block. At the 30-day follow-up, device success was achieved in 31 (96.8%) patients, with early safety observed in 27 (84.3%). One patient experienced sudden unexplained death after discharge. None of the patients experienced myocardial infarction, valve embolisation, life-threatening bleeding, or acute kidney injury within 30 days after the procedure. Echocardiographic follow-up showed a median effective orifice area index of 1.26 ± 0.27. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography was performed in 19 patients 30 days after the procedure, revealing hypo-attenuated leaflet thickening (HALT) in 10 (52.6%). Although the 30-day outcomes of TAVI using the NAVITOR system appeared promising, a relatively high incidence of HALT was observed.

Graphical Abstract
Novel neo-clerodane diterpenoids from Teucrium quadrifarium and their anti-ferroptosis effect
Authors: Wang Huan , Liu Han-Fei , Yang Xiao-Qiao , Liao Yu-Qiong , Pan Fen-Cong , Li Jin-Yu , Lou Hua-Yong , Pan Wei-Dong
Published: January 2025

Teucrifarides A–D (1–4), four previously unreported neo-clerodane-type diterpenoids, combined with sixteen known analogs (5–20), were purified from Teucrium quadrifarium. The absolute forma of compounds 1–4 were determined via spectroscopic and ECD calculation methods, together with X-ray crystallography experiments. Among them, compound 1 possessed a 5,20-epoxy ring featuring a unique cage-like 12-oxatricyclo [5.3.2.01,6]undecane skeleton. Meanwhile, 2 incorporated a 6,20-epoxy ring with a novel 12-oxatricyclo [6.2.2.02,7]undecane skeleton. Compounds 1 and 12 exhibited significant inhibitory effects against HT-22 cells ferroptosis induced by RSL3, with EC50 values of 11.8 ± 1.0 μM, and 4.52 ± 1.24 μM, respectively. Moreover, ROS accumulation in HT22 cells treated with compound 1 was also observed.

Graphical Abstract
Entwicklung und Erprobung eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung von Arbeitstätigkeitsmerkmalen und Arbeitszufriedenheit von Zahnmedizinischen Fachangestellten („FArM-ZFA“)
Authors: Kröber Carina , Dick Michael
Published: January 2025

In diesem Beitrag wird der entwickelte und erprobte „Fragebogen zur Erfassung von Arbeitstätigkeitsmerkmalen und Arbeitszufriedenheit von Zahnmedizinischen Fachangestellten“ („FArM-ZFA“) vorgestellt. Er erfasst sowohl die Ausprägung verschiedener Facetten und Determinanten von Arbeitszufriedenheit als auch die Arbeitszufriedenheit als Globalmaß. Eine Hauptachsenanalyse (PFA) deutet auf die neun Faktoren Verhältnis zum Vorgesetzten, Team, Patientenkontakt, Psychische Beanspruchung, Berufliche Bindung, Strukturierter Arbeitstag, Arbeitstätigkeit, Gehalt und Kommunikation hin. An einer bundesweiten Befragung von n = 1097 Zahnmedizinischen Fachangestellten (ZFA) zeigen sich sehr gute Reliabilitäts- und Itemkennwerte. Sechs entscheidende Prädiktoren konnten für die globale Arbeitszufriedenheit von ZFA ermittelt werden: Verhältnis zum Vorgesetzten, Arbeitstätigkeit, Gehalt, Team, Strukturierter Arbeitstag und Patientenkontakt (R = 0,74; R

2
 = 55; korrigiertes R

2
 = 0,54; F (6, 1076) = 214,92, p < 0,001).

Praktische Relevanz: Die arbeitswissenschaftliche Forschung betrachtet Gesundheitsberufe bislang im Kontext großer Kliniken und kaum in niedergelassenen Klein- und Kleinstunternehmen. Für den Beruf der ZFA steht nun ein solides Instrument zur Erfassung von Arbeitszufriedenheit und ihrer Einflussfaktoren zur Verfügung, mit dem konkrete Handlungsmaßnahmen zur Aufwertung und Attraktivität des Berufsbildes, zur Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen in den Praxen, zur Fort- und Weiterbildung der ZFA und zur Sicherung des Fachkräftenachwuchses abgeleitet werden können.
A longitudinal bottom-up analysis of staff travel patterns (2018–2023) at a research-intensive university hospital
Authors: Gebhardt N. , Kern O. A. , Schwaab L. , Friederich H.-C. , Nikendei C.
Published: January 2025

University hospitals are part of the health care system, as well as academia. The carbon footprint of staff travel, quantified as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is significantly enlarged by academic air travel in these facilities. Both as an academic institution and as a health care provider, they have a special obligation to mitigate their GHG emissions. Yet, there exist no data-driven analyses of staff travel at university hospitals, nor have quantitative evaluations of mitigation measures been published so far. Methods. GHG emissions were calculated bottom-up from administrative data for all travel activities in 2018–2023 at a large university hospital active in international research. In a second step, we calculated net reductions in GHG emissions for potential reduction measures. Results. In total, 26,833 trips were analyzed. Due to an overall decrease in traveling activities, GHG emissions in 2023 have decreased to 63% of the pre-COVID levels in 2019. Most trips were undertaken by train (65.8%), but 94.8% of GHG emissions originated from air travel. On average, medical professors emitted 24 times as much GHG as regular physicians per person, and 10 times as much as scientific research personnel. Reducing intercontinental flights by 50% would save up to 44% of net GHG emissions, reducing trips by plane with less than two overnight stays by 50% would save 19%, and reducing flights by senior staff by 50% would save 14%. Conclusion. Academic air travel, the internationalization of research activities, and extensive travel behavior by senior staff should be critically assessed. Doctors and researchers are considered the most trustworthy professions worldwide and could lead transformations towards sustainable travel behavior.
Digital parking assignment: matching mechanism design approach
Authors: Jeong Jinyong
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we conceptualize parking in urban areas as a matching problem. We begin by formulating street parking behavior as a strategic game and develop a matching framework for this scenario. We demonstrate that the set of Nash equilibria in the parking game directly corresponds to the set of stable outcomes in the associated matching problem. Subsequently, we propose a centralized mechanism designed to allocate available parking spaces to drivers in a stable manner, facilitated through a digital platform, such as a mobile application. This mechanism can accommodate various practical needs by establishing a priority structure that may include distance priority, price priority, or resident priority.