bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Directions for the development of periodic technical inspection for motor vehicles safety systems
Authors: Gajek Andrzej
Published: October 2022

W artykule przedstawiono możliwości rozszerzenia zakresu okresowych badań technicznych pojazdów w zakresie bezpieczeństwa. Przeanalizowano następujące układy mechatroniczne: układ hamulcowy z ABS/ESP wraz z czujnikami, asystent hamowania BAS i system automatycznego hamowania, układ wspomagania kierownicy (elektryczny EPS), system kontroli ciśnienia w ogumieniu (TPMS), układy zabezpieczający osoby w pojeździe (SRS), system regulacji ustawienia reflektorów i asystent świateł drogowych i utrzymania toru jazdy.Zaproponowano cztery poziomy diagnozowania pozwalające kolejno, coraz dokładniej określać stan badanego układu. Kontrola na poziomie I, II i III polega na odczycie informacji z sygnalizatorów na desce rozdzielczej samochodu oraz danych pobranych z programu autodiagnostyki badanego układu poprzez tester diagnostyczny. Poziom IV polega na kontroli funkcjonowania całego układu na stanowisku diagnostycznym. Działanie badanego układu uruchamiane jest testerem poprzez gniazdo OBD w samochodzie. Efekt działania układu sprawdzany jest na stanowisku badawczym. Pozwala to wykrywać te niesprawności układu mechatronicznego, których nie wykrywają systemy diagnostyki pokładowej. Taki sposób diagnozowania powoduje konieczność synchronizacji programu testera (sygnałów wymuszeń) z pomiarami na stanowisku.
Smoke emission of AD3.152 engine fuelled with rapeseed oil/diethyl ether blends
Authors: Lotko Wincenty , Hernik Arkadiusz , Stobiecki Jerzy , Kosmanis Theodoros , Górska Milena
Published: October 2022

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań zadymienia spalin silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym AD3.152 zasilanego olejem rzepakowym (OR)oraz jego mieszaninami z eterem dietylowym (DEE). Wszystkie niezbędne badania wykonano w warunkach ustalonych dla wybranych prędkości obrotowych wału korbowego tj. 1000, 1500 i 2000 obr/min oraz obciążeń 40, 80 i 120 Nm. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają, że dodatek eteru dietylowego w objętości 40% do oleju rzepakowego zmniejsza zadymienie spalin nawet o ok. 50% w stosunku do silnika zasilanego olejem rzepakowym.
Methods of analysis and evaluation of electromagnetic radiation during tests of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of motor vehicles, in particular electrically driven
Authors: Burliński Robert , Łukjanow Sławomir
Published: October 2022

W artykule zostały omówione wymagania kompatybilności elektromagnetycznej (EMC) dla pojazdów i urządzeń samochodowych oraz metody badań promieniowania elektromagnetycznego (PEM) w oparciu o dokumenty normatywne stanowiące podstawę dopuszczenia do produkcji i ruchu (homologacja) danego pojazdu. Dokumentami tymi są Regulamin nr 10 EKG ONZ oraz Dyrektywa 72/245/EWG. Dla oceny PEM pojazdów zostały zaproponowane i opisane trzy grupy metod: liniowe, polowe i estymacji parametrów. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych w PIMOT badań kilku samochodów elektrycznych w zakresie PEM przeprowadzono analizę i ocenę wg wybranych metod. Do analizy i obliczeń wykorzystano następujące pojazdy: OPEL Ampera, RENAULT Fluence, CITROEN C-Zero i MEGA e-City. Przeprowadzona analiza i obliczenia wykazały dużą zbieżność przydatności zaproponowanych metod oceny PEM pojazdów samochodowych. Zapewnienie wysokich jakościowo parametrów wpływających na ocenę, w tym przede wszystkim promieniowania elektromagnetycznego (PEM) ma wpływ nie tylko na poprawne działanie pojazdu, szczególnie EV, ale też na zdrowie przebywających wewnątrz: kierowcy i pasażerów. Wyniki pracy mogą być wykorzystane i rozpowszechniane szczególnie przez konstruktorów i badaczy pojazdów samochodowych, zwłaszcza EV, w których występują duże ilości systemów i modułów elektronicznych.
Evaluation of the actions aimed at the transition to sustainable public transport system
Authors: Shubenkova Ksenia , Makarova Irina
Published: October 2022

The twentieth century, which became a period of unprecedented growth of cities and urbanization, revealed the need of mankind to develop and implement the principles of sustainable development. Possible ways to shift to sustainable transport system (such as the use of alternative fuel and transition to public and non-motorized modes of transport) are discussed in this article. The objective of this publication is to assess efficiency of such methods’ implementation on the example of the concrete city. Authors have suggested to change the bus route network, the structure of the bus fleet on the routes and to replace public transport buses by the new ones run on methane. To check these suggestions, authors have built the new one transport model and have simulated three cases: the existing route network and bus fleet’s structure, the proposed new one route network with buses run on diesel fuel and the proposed new one route network with buses run on methane. To evaluate efficiency, authors have assessed economic efficiency, positive social effect, environmental friendliness and sustainability of the urban transport system. Economic efficiency is achieved by reducing overruns and fuel costs thanks to the use of buses run on methane. The social effect is in the reduction of: 1) the delivery time by the route network optimization, 2) the likelihood of traffic jams, and 3) the downtime of buses at the bus stops. Since congestions increase pollutant emissions, route network optimization reduces negative impact on the environment. Replacing public transport buses by the new ones run on methane gives the same positive effect. To assess sustainability of the urban transport city is the most difficult task. The authors have identified indicators and used the radar map to compare possible solutions.
The principles of motor vehicle taxation in selected EU countries
Authors: Mahaček Dubravka , Hammer Juraj , Šimurková Patrícia
Published: October 2022

The article deals with the tax on motor vehicles in relation to the different principles of taxation of trucks in selected EU countries. There is a system of taxation in each EU country and the level of taxes and fees itself vary. As carriers carrying out road freight not only on closed national markets, but they are engaged in road transport on a common international market, it is important for the competitiveness to analyze the level of the use of transport by tax in foreign countries. The goal of article is to compare tax rates, regarding the particular semi-trailer and also point to significant differences concerning the principles of taxation but also the level of the tax rate itself in selected EU countries.
Urban logistics of small electric vehicle charged from a photovoltaic carport
Authors: Małek Arkadiusz , Kośko Monika , Łusiak Tomasz
Published: October 2022

The technology of photovoltaic solar cells can be combined with the technology of electric vehicles. During charging electric vehicles with Renewable Energy Sources (RES) as well as during their use to the atmosphere are not emitted any pollutions. The article presents a carport designed for charging electric vehicle. Paper analyzed the power course generated by the photovoltaic system in different weather conditions. As a result of the comparison with the current demands of the electric vehicle battery during the charging process the optimal way of battery charging process was discussed. Later in the article presents logistics research on charging battery of an urban vehicle used frequently by catering companies to distribute products. The authors’ aim was to determine the actual range of the small electric vehicle on a single charge, as well as to statistically compile driving parameters in conditions of urban traffic in Lublin. The process of using such a vehicle has been analyzed, including the necessary battery charging. On the basis of the tests results a set of recommendations for small electric cars users was made in order to help increase the range of the vehicles in traffic and lengthen battery life.
Laboratory study about pressure distribution on car seats with people of different anthropometric features participation
Authors: Jurecki Rafał , Zuska Andrzej , Jaśkiewicz Marek
Published: October 2022

Artykuł odnosi się do aktualnej problematyki komfortu podróżowania pojazdami samochodowymi. W pierwszej części opisano przeprowadzony eksperyment, zwracając szczególną uwagę na system pomiarowy wykorzystywany do badania rozkładu nacisków na siedzisko i oparcie fotela samochodowego. Omówiono budowę tego systemu oraz możliwości wykorzystania, podając podstawowe parametry jego pracy. W części drugiej przedstawiono analizę wyników przeprowadzonych badań eksperymentalnych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zależności między wybranymi wielkościami charakteryzującymi rozkład nacisków na siedzisko fotela a podstawowymi parametrami antropometrycznymi ciała człowieka.
Test stand for modelling hydraulically controlled continuously variable transmission
Authors: Radzymiński Bartosz , Goszczak Jarosław
Published: October 2022

W artykule opisano stanowisko badawcze opracowane w Katedrze Pojazdów i Podstaw Budowy Maszyn Politechniki Łódzkiej, pozwalające na analizę zjawisk hydraulicznych zachodzących w samochodowej przekładni bezstopniowej o sterowaniu hydraulicznym współpracującej z pasem pchanym lub łańcuchem.
W artykule przedstawiono krótką charakterystykę tego typu przekładni oraz stosowane dziś rodzaje sterowania przełożeniem. W dalszej części skupiono się na najpopularniejszym dziś rozwiązaniu hydraulicznym. Wobec znanych niedoskonałości klasycznego układu w tego typu przekładniach z jedną pompą o stałej objętości jednostkowej, opracowane zostało nowe rozwiązanie w celu podniesienia sprawności.
Opisywane stanowisko badawcze umożliwia przeprowadzenie różnorodnych testów wspomnianego, nowego rozwiązania. Osiągnięto to poprzez odpowiedni dobór układu dźwigniowego, sprzęgającego ruch dwóch siłowników, dzięki któremu dla każdego stosunku ciśnień w obu siłownikach wypracowana zostaje nowa równowaga sił a odpowiednie przemieszczenia na stanowisku badawczym są proporcjonalne do przesunięć w referencyjnej przekładni CVT. Przedstawiono sposób w jaki uzyskano podobieństwo stanowiska do układu z rzeczywistej przekładni Jatco CVT7 oraz przykładowe wyniki badań.
Sociocultural influence on engineering students’ collaborative design project: an Activity Theory perspective
Authors: De Costa Peter I. , Lee Jongbong , Li Wendy
Published: October 2022

In keeping with discipline-specific genre expectations for writing in scientific and technological fields, students enrolled in English writing classes for future engineers are often required to produce collaborative reports on team projects. For freshman engineering students, such collaborative report writing, which constitutes a cornerstone in their academic literacy, is an entirely new genre. Drawing on Engeström’s (Engeström, Yrjö. 1987. Learning by expanding: An activity theoretical approach to developmental research. Orienta-Konsultit Oy) activity system and Storch’s (Storch, Neomy. 2002. Patterns of interaction in ESL pair work. Language and Learning 52(1). 119–158) interaction model, this paper explores two engineering freshmen’s experiences of working collaboratively in separate groups in the same writing class. Our focal students were both native-English-speaking women at a U.S. midwestern university. Over the course of one semester, they provided their class notes and project report drafts, and they and the course teaching assistant participated in interviews. Our findings demonstrate that while both students had similar levels of commitment to the collaborative project, their writing experiences differed depending on their respective group members and their own attitudes and experiences. Our case study has implications for engineering freshman writing education as we illustrate how the ESP class we examined can help students prepare for academic and professional communication. We also discuss ways to help apprentice future engineers overcome discipline-specific communication difficulties as they enter a new discourse community.
N6-Methyladenosine-related alternative splicing events play a role in bladder cancer
Authors: Chang Yuan , Yu Shukun , Zhang Miao , Zhu Xiuyun , Jiang Tianshu , Liu Yuan
Published: October 2022

This study investigated the role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and alternative splicing (AS) in bladder cancer (BLCA). The BLCA-related RNA expression profiles and AS events were downloaded from the UCSC Xena and SpliceSeq databases, respectively. Differentially expressed AS (DEAS) was screened, and prognostic-related DEAS events were used to construct prognostic risk models based on Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curves and multivariate Cox analysis were used to evaluate the predictive efficiency and independence of these models. We also constructed a protein-to-protein interaction (PPI) network and a regulation network of splicing factors (SFs) and DEAS events. In total, 225 m6A-related prognostic-related DEAS events were identified. The predictive ability of each prognostic model was good, and the alternate terminator model showed the best performance when the area under the curve was 0.793. The risk score of the model was an independent prognostic factor for BLCA. The PPI network revealed that AKT serine/threonine kinase 1, serine- and arginine-rich SF6, and serine- and arginine-rich SF2 had higher-node degrees. A complex regulator correlation was shown in the SF and DEAS networks. This study provides insights for the subsequent understanding of the role of AS events in BLCA.
Calcifying nanoparticles initiate the calcification process of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro through the activation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and promote the decay of echinococcosis
Authors: Yang Jian , Wang Meiyan , Yang Jing , Chu Zhiqiang , Chen Xueling , Wu Xiangwei , Peng Xinyu
Published: October 2022

The role of the calcifying nanoparticles (CNPs) in the calcification process of the outer cyst wall in hepatic cystic echinococcosis (HCE) remains unknown. CNPs were isolated from the tissues of the patients with HCE. Western blotting, alkaline phosphatase staining, and alizarin staining were performed to detect the cellular calcium ion deposition induced by the CNPs. CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays were conducted to determine the effect of CNPs on the apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Western blot experiments were performed to examine the expression levels of apoptosis-related factors and TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway constituents. Treatment with CNPs induced the differentiation of MSCs. Calcium-related proteins, including OPN, BMP-2, and RUNX2, were upregulated after the CNP treatment. Similarly, CNP exposure increased the cellular calcium ion deposition in MSCs. In addition, the expression of Bax and Caspase-8 was elevated by the CNPs in MSCs. Treatment with CNPs promoted MSC apoptosis and inhibited the MSC growth. The TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway was also activated after the CNP treatment. This study indicated that CNPs may play a critical role in initiating calcification of the outer cyst wall of HCE and promote the decay of echinococcosis, providing a new strategy for the treatment of hepatic echinococcosis.
Overcoming Constraints in Literary Translation: A Case Study of Rendering Saud Al-Sanousi’s Saq Al-Bambu into English
Authors: Rababah Sarah , Al-Abbas Linda
Published: October 2022

This article aims to investigate the constraints on the English translation of the Arabic novel Saq Al-Bambu (The Bamboo Stalk) and identify the translation strategies that were adopted to render the literary work in light of Baker’s Taxonomy (1992). Examples were collected and classified thematically into four categories: social constraints, political constraints, religious constraints, and cultural constraints. The findings showed that the English translation used general terms to refer to specific concepts in the original novel, and some words were added for explicating purposes. Translation by omission is only used in religious and cultural constraints, which explains the gap between the source language and the target language (TL). The study recommends that translators be aware of the different constraints when rendering a literary work and resort to explanatory notes or footnotes to explain the meaning of items that do not have an equivalent in the TL.
Higher order Traub–Steffensen type methods and their convergence analysis in Banach spaces
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Sharma Janak Raj , Singh Harmandeep
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we consider two-step fourth-order and three-step sixth-order derivative free iterative methods and study their convergence in Banach spaces to approximate a locally-unique solution of nonlinear equations. Study of convergence analysis provides radius of convergence, error bounds and estimates on the uniqueness of the solution. Such estimates are not provided in the approaches that use Taylor expansions using higher order derivatives. Furthermore, in quest of fast algorithms, a generalized q-step scheme with increasing convergence order 2q + 2 is proposed and analyzed. Novelty of the q-step algorithm is that, in each step, order of convergence is increased by an amount of two at the cost of only one additional function evaluation. To maximize the computational efficiency, the optimal number of steps is calculated. Theoretical results regarding convergence and computational efficiency are verified through numerical experimentation.
Dependence of eigenvalues of Sturm-Liouville problems on time scales with eigenparameter-dependent boundary conditions
Authors: Li Meng-lei , Ao Ji-jun , Zhang Hai-yan
Published: October 2022

In this article, we study the eigenvalue dependence of Sturm-Liouville problems on time scales with spectral parameter in the boundary conditions. We obtain that the eigenvalues not only continuously but also smoothly depend on the parameters of the problem. Moreover, the differential expressions of the eigenvalues with respect to the data are given.
Network model for predicting structural properties of paper
Authors: Görtz Morgan , Kettil Gustav , Målqvist Axel , Fredlund Mats , Wester Kenneth , Edelvik Fredrik
Published: October 2022

Paper simulations that resolve the entire microscopic fiber structure are typically time-consuming and require extensive resources. Several such modeling approaches have been proposed to analyze different properties in paper. However, most use non-linear and time-dependent models resulting in high computational complexity. Resolving these computational issues would increase its usefulness in industrial applications. The model proposed in this work was developed in collaboration with companies in the papermaking industry within the Innovative Simulation of Paper (ISOP) project. A linear network model is used for efficiency, where 1-D beams represent the fibers. Similar models have been proposed in the past. However, in this work, the paper models are three-dimensional, a new dynamic bonding technique is used, and more extensive simulations are evaluated. The model is used to simulate tensile stiffness, tensile strength, and bending resistance. These simulated results are compared to experimental and theoretical counterparts and produce representable results for realistic parameters. Moreover, an off-the-shelf computer accessible to a paper developer can evaluate these models structural properties efficiently.
Do poor farmers have entrepreneurship skill, intention, and competence? Lessons from transmigration program in rural Gorontalo Province, Indonesia
Authors: Murtisari Amelia , Irham Irham , Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo , Waluyati Lestari Rahayu
Published: October 2022

Transmigration program is a part of rural development to reduce poverty in which entrepreneurship was also developed. It becomes necessary to explore how the program affects the entrepreneurial aspects of the poor farmers. The objectives of this study are (1) to measure entrepreneurship skill, intention, risk taking, social valuation, and competence of poor farmers, (2) to know the impact of transmigration program in improving the competence of poor farmers, and (3) to analyze the influence of skills, intentions, risk taking, and social valuation toward entrepreneurial competence of poor farmers. One hundred twenty poor transmigrant and 120 local farmer households were interviewed in this study. The data were analyzed by descriptive quantitative method and multiple regression analysis by using SPSS 22. The results showed that transmigration program that provides farmland land freely can improve skill, entrepreneurship intention, risk taking capability, and social valuation of poor farmers. Yet, there is a gap between skills and intentions where entrepreneurship intentions are greater than their skills. The result shows that transmigrant entrepreneurship competence is higher than that of local farmers. However, social valuation of local households is higher than that of transmigrants due to their less adaptability in society. Regression analysis shows that social valuation, skills, intentions, and risk taking have a significant effect on both local and transmigrant entrepreneurship competencies. It can be concluded that transmigration program has successfully changed the mindset of poor farmers to become more entrepreneurial oriented and is one of the important factors in reducing the poverty level particularly in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia.
Burnt jade sacrifices in the Chinese Neolithic: the Liangzhu cemetery at Sidun
Authors: Wang Rong , Mai Yunyi , Lin Liugen
Published: October 2022

Oracle bone inscriptions of the late Shang Dynasty (1250–1046 BC) record the burning of jade as a ceremonial sacrifice, a practice now corroborated archaeologically. The origins of ceremonial jade burning, however, are unclear. Using archaeometric methods and experimental archaeology, the authors examine an assemblage of jade objects from the late Liangzhu-period (2600–2300 BC) cemetery of Sidun. The cause of the jades’ variable surface colours has been long debated. The results presented here demonstrate that the colour changes relate to alterations in chemical composition due to exposure to fire. The evidence from Sidun confirms that the burning of jade in China commenced more than a millennium earlier than previously documented.
Romantic Relationship Quality and Mental Health in Pregnancy During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Xie E. Bailin , Rioux Charlie , Madsen Joshua W. , Lebel Catherine , Giesbrecht Gerald F. , Tomfohr-Madsen Lianne
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Social capital is important for good mental health and the quality of close relationships is one key indicator of social capital. Examining the association between relationship quality and mental health may be particularly important during pregnancy as mental health concerns during this period pose significant risk to families. The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to increased mental health problems among pregnant individuals. The resulting lockdown protocols of the pandemic have also disrupted larger social networks and couples spent more time together in the context of ongoing chronic stress, highlighting the particular importance of romantic relationship quality. This study explored longitudinal associations between relationship satisfaction, depression, and anxiety among pregnant individuals during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Pregnant individuals (n = 1842) from the Pregnancy During the Pandemic Study were surveyed monthly (April-July 2020). Depression, anxiety symptoms, and relationship satisfaction were self-reported. Cross-lagged panel models were conducted to examine bidirectional associations between relationship satisfaction and mental health symptoms over time. Results: Relationship satisfaction was significantly correlated with depression and anxiety at all time points. Longitudinally, relationship satisfaction predicted later depression and anxiety symptoms, but depression and anxiety symptoms did not predict later relationship satisfaction. Discussion: This study suggests that poor relationship satisfaction was linked to subsequent elevations in prenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Relationship enhancement interventions during pregnancy may be a means of improving the mental health of pregnant individuals, and interrupting transgenerational transmission, during times of prolonged psychological distress.
PARASITAS INTESTINAIS EM CÃES DO CANIL MUNICIPAL DE CAXIAS DO SUL, RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Regina Lusa Elis , Gheno Pertile Julia , Mewius Aline , De Avila e Silva Scheila , Teresinha França Raqueli , Laitano Dias de Castro Luciana
Published: October 2022

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as principais parasitoses gastrointestinais de cães provenientes do abrigo de cães municipal da cidade de Caxias do Sul (RS). Para isso foram avaliadas, no período de outubro a novembro de 2019, 102 amostras fecais que representavam 13,08% da população de cães que viviam no local. As amostras foram classificadas de acordo com a idade dos animais presentes no ambiente em que elas foram coletadas (filhotes, adultos, idosos) e piso do recinto (concreto, brita, terra). As análises foram realizadas através da técnica qualitativa de centrífugo-flutuação de Faust. O estudo demonstrou que 72,55% (74/102) das amostras foram positivas para nematodas e/ou cestodas e/ou protozoários, sendo que 64,86% (48/74) destas foram coletadas em local com piso de concreto e eram provenientes de baias com animais idosos (40,54%). Nas amostras positivas observou-se que os animais possuíam infecção por um (54,05%), dois (37,84%) ou três (8,11%) parasitas. Em amostras com monoinfecção, a maior ocorrência foi de Ancylostoma sp. (27,03%), Trichuris sp. (18,9%), seguidos por Giardia sp. (5,4%) e Toxocara sp. (1,35%) ou Dipylidium sp. (1,35%). Os resultados apresentados enfatizam a importância da correta higienização do canil municipal, evitando a contaminação ambiental, e assim prevenindo a possível transmissão entre os animais e de zoonoses parasitárias aos colaboradores ou aos novos tutores em caso de adoção.
O QUE O MERCADO AGROPECUÁRIO ESPERA DE UM RECÉM-FORMADO?
Authors: Sassi da Costa Garcia Carla Augusta , Amaral Barbosa Antônio , Castro Mayens Mariane , Dalla Costa de Matos Adriane , Nunes Corrêa Márcio
Published: October 2022

O Brasil apresenta um elevado número de cursos superiores voltados para o mercado agrícola, fazendo com que uma grande quantidade de profissionais esteja disponível no mercado a cada ano. A identificação das principais características exigidas por esse mercado é fundamental para uma melhor qualificação desses novos profissionais. O presente estudo foi realizado com profissionais da área do Agronegócio (gestores, consultores e professores universitários), através da aplicação de um questionário, e teve por objetivo apresentar os atributos pessoais e profissionais exigidos dos recém-formados na área das ciências agrárias para ingresso no mercado de trabalho. Os três grupos pesquisados destacaram a maior importância das características pessoais em relação as características profissionais como fator determinante na contratação desses novos profissionais. Evidencia-se a importância que o mercado agropecuário atribui às características pessoais em detrimento das características técnicas para contratação de profissionais recém-egressos das universidades.
The Impact of the Ukraine War on Russian–North Korean Relations
Authors: Ha Yong-Chool , Shin Beom-Shik
Published: October 2022

This article examines the impact of the Ukraine war on Russian–North Korean relations at three different levels. At the international level, the war will bring two power groups into confrontation. The closer security cooperation between Russia and China will form an illiberal group that will set the security environment for North Korea to establish a new international identity. At the regional level, Russian–Chinese security alignment will be reinforced, which North Korea will exploit. At the bilateral level, Russian–North Korean relations will be strengthened as Russia’s influence in Northeast Asia wanes.
Tomographic images of tree trunks generated using ultrasound and post-processed images: Influence of the number of measurement points
Authors: Palma Stella S. A. , Gonçalves Raquel
Published: October 2022

Tomography is a technique increasingly used in tree inspections. This technique can be performed in two stages: field testing and postimage processing. To feed the tomographic image construction software, it is necessary to adopt a measurement grid composed of points positioned on the perimeter of the stem. The images are generated through spatial interpolation algorithms. From a theoretical point of view, more measurement points taken in the perimeter of the stem result in better interpolation results. However, an increase in the number of mesh points causes a substantial increase in field work and image processing time. The general objective of this study was to verify the influence of the number of measurement points of the diffraction mesh on the ultrasound tomography results. For this purpose, ten simulated discs were used, all 500 mm in diameter and with different defects in terms of size, position, and geometry. In each of the discs, diffraction grids were simulated with 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 measurement points in the contour. The results showed that a favorable combination of accuracy and a minimization of effort can be achieved with diffraction mesh with number of measurement points calculated as five times the perimeter of the trunk in meters.
Effect of weathering conditions on wood surface roughness: Optimal parameters determined via Taguchi analysis
Authors: İmren Erol
Published: October 2022

Wood when exposed to accelerated weathering conditions is deteriorated as a result of factors such as UV rays, temperature, and relative humidity changes. The surface roughness of wood also undergoes substantial changes. In this study, the effect of accelerated weathering conditions on surface roughness changes on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and poplar (Populus x euroamericana) wood surfaces were investigated using the Taguchi method. The parameters most affecting the surface roughness were radial direction, 0.5 W/m2 UV, 4 h conditioning time, and 45 min water for Scots pine, and tangential direction, 0.5 W/m2 UV, 2 h conditioning, and 15 min water for poplar wood. The variables that most affected the surface roughness were conditioning with 38% in Scots pine wood and wavelength with 31% in poplar wood.
Mechanical properties and flow characteristics of dolomite-based porous supports for catalysts using different pore-forming agents
Authors: Li Yongjun , Wei Heng , Liu Shanjian , He Zhisen , Zhao Wenjing
Published: October 2022

Three kinds of pore-forming agents (corn flour, starch, and biochar) were selected to prepare dolomite-based porous ceramic catalyst carriers with good mechanical properties. Pore-forming agents occupy space within preformed agglomerates, such that after the pyrolysis and sintering have been completed there are spaces within the resulting ceramic material. Porous ceramic samples prepared with biochar exhibited high apparent porosity and water absorption. By contrast, the apparent porosity of the porous ceramic samples prepared with starch as the pore-forming agent was low. When the ratio of the dolomite to quartz sand in the ceramic aggregate was changed from 4:6 to 3:7, the change of the apparent porosity of the porous ceramic samples made with starch as a pore-forming agent was very small, with high bulk density and compressive strength. Compared with corn flour and biochar, starch was less suitable as a pore-forming agent for porous ceramics. The apparent porosity and water absorption of the porous ceramics prepared with biochar as a pore-forming agent decreased slightly. But its bulk density and thermal conductivity were increased. This is mainly attributable to the fact that biochar is lighter, but it performs well in terms of mechanical strength and thermal conductivity.
Civil Law System in Indonesia and Its Comparison with Other Legal Systems
Authors: Yunus Nur Rohim , Zein Fitriyani , Siagian Amrizal
Published: October 2022

Civil law in a general sense is defined as the overall rule of law that regulates behavior between individuals and other people, the behavior of community members in family relationships, and in community interactions. However, in its application, there are differences in methods and methods apart from being bound by standard rules which are the main basis as the basic norms of a country. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method with a comparative studies approach. The results of the study indicate that there are similarities in the objectives of the civil law system in several countries. However, in Indonesia, the legal system is based on the values of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution and aspires to justice for all its people. The legal system in Indonesia recognizes the existence of legal pluralism, Islamic law, and customary law. This is not found in the legal system of other countries.Keywords: Legal System; Ratio; Civil law Abstract:Hukum Perdata dalam pengertian umum diartikan sebagai keseluruhan aturan hukum yang mengatur tingkah laku antara orang perorangan dengan orang lain, tingkah laku warga masyarakat dalam hubungan keluarga, dan dalam pergaulan masyarakat. Namum dalam aplikasinya, terdapat perbedaan cara dan metode selain terikat pada aturan baku yang menjadi landasan utama sebagai norma dasar suatu negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan comparative studies. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa ada kesamaan tujuan pada sistem hukum perdata pada beberapa negara. Namun pada negara Indonesia, sistem hukumnya berdasarkan nilai-nilai Pancasila dan UUD 1945 serta mencita-citakan keadilan bagi seluruh rakyatnya. Sistem hukum di Indonesia mengakui adanya pluralisme hukum, hukum Islam, dan hukum adat. Hal inilah yang tidak terdapat pada sistem hukum negara lain.Kata Kunci: Sistem Hukum; Perbandingan; Hukum Perdata
Kewenangan KPK Melakukan Penyadapan Dalam Penyelidikan dan Penyidikan Tindak Pidana Korupsi
Authors: Daun Yodi Alfahri , Chandra Tofik Yanuar , Makbul Agung
Published: October 2022

Wiretapping is one way or technique to uncover a corruption case that occurs in an organized manner. In the description of Article 12 paragraph (1) of Law Number 19 of 2019 concerning the Corruption Eradication Commission, it regulates the authority of the Corruption Eradication Commission to carry out wiretapping in the task of investigating and investigating. The research method used is a normative legal research method. By conducting library research in order to obtain the secondary data needed including primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials related to the problem. The results of the study stated that the wiretapping carried out by the KPK must have strict operational standards. The time for wiretapping is also limited. The wiretapping is carried out for 30 days and can be extended if necessary and with the approval of the KPK leadership.Keywords: Legislation; Tapping; KPK Authority AbstrakPenyadapan merupakan salah satu cara atau teknik untuk mengungkap suatu kasus tindak pidana korupsi yang terjadi secara terorganisasi. Dalam uraian Pasal 12 ayat (1) Undang-undang Nomor 19 tahun 2019 tentang Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi mengatur mengenai kewenangan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi dalam melakukan tindakan penyadapan dalam tugas penyelidikan dan penyidikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif. Dengan melakukan penelitian kepustakaan guna memperoleh data-data sekunder yang dibutuhkan meliputi bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier terkait dengan permasalahan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa penyadapan yang dilakukan KPK harus memiliki standar operasional yang ketat. Saat melakukan penyadapan pun dibatasi waktunya. Penyadapan dilakukan selama 30 hari dan bisa diperpanjang apabila diperlukan dan dengan persetujuan dari pimpinan KPK.Kata Kunci: Perundang-Undangan; Penyadapan; Kewenangan KPK
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Nasabah Cryptocurrency Di Indonesia
Authors: Christiani Karina , Wibisono Arief , TW Gatut Hendro
Published: October 2022

Regulation of money or currency in Indonesia is based on Law (UU) Number 7 of 2011 concerning Currency. Money is a symbol of state sovereignty that must be respected and proud of by all Indonesian citizens. In this study, the author discusses the implementation of cryptocurrency transactions in Indonesia according to the Regulation of the Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency Number 5 of 2019 concerning Technical Provisions for the Implementation of the Physical Market for Crypto Assets (Crypto Assets) on the Futures Exchange, and discusses the Legal Protection in Cryptocurrency Transactions according to the Agency Regulations. Commodity Futures Trading Supervisor Number 5 of 2019 concerning Technical Provisions for the Implementation of the Physical Crypto Asset Market on the Futures Exchange in Indonesia. This writing uses descriptive qualitative method. The results of the study state that legal protection for the community is currently familiar with digital transactions and specifically during this pandemic.Keywords: Legal Protection; Cryptocurrencies; Crypto Asset AbstrakPengaturan uang atau mata uang di Indonesia didasarkan pada Undang-Undang (UU) Nomor 7 Tahun 2011 tentang Mata Uang. Uang merupakan simbol kedaulatan negara yang harus dihormati dan dibanggakan oleh seluruh warga negara Indonesia. Dalam Penelitian ini, penulis membahas mengenai Pelaksanaan Transaksi cryptocurrency di Indonesia menurut Peraturan Badan Pengawas Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi Nomor 5 Tahun 2019 Tentang Ketentuan Teknis Penyelenggaraan Pasar Fisik Aset Kripto (Crypto Asset ) Di Bursa Berjangka, dan membahas tentang Perlindungan Hukum Dalam Transaksi Cryptocurrency Menurut Peraturan Badan Pengawas Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi Nomor 5 Tahun 2019 Tentang Ketentuan Teknis Penyelenggaraan Pasar Fisik Aset Kripto (Crypto Asset) Di Bursa Berjangka di Indonesia. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Adapun hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa perlindungan hukum terhadap masyarakat saat ini sudah banyak mengenal transaksi digital dan khusus dimasa pandemic ini.Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum; Cryptocurrency; Crypto Asset
Estuarine Recruitment of Longfin Smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) north of the San Francisco Estuary
Authors:   ICF, Brennan Colin , Hassrick Jason ,   ICF, Kalmbach Andrew ,   ICF, Cox Daniel ,   California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sabal Megan ,   ICF, Zeno Ramona ,   ICF, Grimaldo Lenny ,   California Department of Water Resources, Acuña Shawn ,   The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
Published: October 2022

Longfin Smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) was an important forage fish in the San Francisco Estuary (the SFE) but was listed as threatened under the California Endangered Species Act in 2009. This has inspired research within the estuary at the southern edge of their distribution. However, populations also exist in other estuaries along the coast, which are far less described despite their potential importance in a meta-population. We surveyed Longfin Smelt populations along the northern California coast for larval recruitment. We conducted surveys in 2019 and 2020 to (1) identify estuaries north of the SFE where spawning occurs, and (2) evaluate how habitat features (e.g., salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity) influenced Longfin Smelt larvae abundance. We detected larvae in four of 16 estuaries we surveyed, and all were large estuaries north of Cape Mendocino. No larvae were detected in eight coastal estuaries in closer proximity to the SFE. Larvae catch probability increased with turbidity and decreased with salinity with no significant influence of temperature and dissolved oxygen. In the wet winter of 2019, we observed lower densities of larvae in Humboldt Bay and the Eel River, and detected no Longfin Smelt in the Klamath and Mad Rivers; in the dry winter of 2020, we detected larvae in two additional estuaries. Possibly elevated freshwater outflow in 2019 increased transport rates to the sea, resulting in the observed low larval recruitment. Our results suggest that, while populations of Longfin Smelt exist in large estuaries north of Cape Mendocino, coastal estuaries in proximity to the SFE were either under-sampled or are not permanently inhabited by Longfin Smelt. This suggests that the threatened estuary Longfin Smelt population may lack the resiliency afforded by meta-populations and advocates for increased monitoring over a range of hydrologic conditions and improving detection probabilities for future assessments of gene flow between populations.
First use of baited remote underwater video stations to assess fish diversity in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Alves Bezerra Natalia Priscila , Tribst Corrêa Ana Laura , Vieira Hazin Fabio Hissa , Garla Ricardo Clapis
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Video techniques are used worldwide to study marine communities. As elsewhere, the use of remote underwater videos has recently increased in Brazil and there is a need for information about their advantages, disadvantages, and reliability in tropical habitats. Objective: To evaluate the use of baited remote underwater video stations (BRUVS) in fish diversity research in a tropical habitat. Methods: We used baited video stations to record the fishes and their relationship with habitat type, underwater visibility and depth, in 79 random sites in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Northeastern Brazil (11 days in November 2017). Results: We recorded 3 286 individuals (65 taxa, 29 families) along a 25 km section of the shoreline, 10.2 to 28.6 m depth. The Clupeidae dominated numerically, followed by Haemulidae, Carangidae, and Lutjanidae; by species, Haemulon aurolineatum, Ophistonema oglinum, Haemulon steindachneri, Lutjanus synagris and Caranx crysos. The highest mean number of species was detected over sediment close to shipwrecks, but we found no differences among the mean number of individuals between habitat types. More species and individuals were observed at a depth of 20-25 m depth. The highest mean number of species was in 2-3 m of visibility, and the highest number of individuals within 4-5 m. Conclusions: Video recording seemed to be a valid method, and indicated that —besides being relatively diverse— the local fish community is dominated by a few species of small and medium-sized mesopredators, and a few top predators.
Distribución espacio-temporal de cianobacterias planctónicas y factores ambientales asociados a sus proliferaciones en el embalse Cerrón Grande, El Salvador
Authors: Ortez Luis , Rovira María Dolores , Morán Luis
Published: October 2022

Introducción: El embalse Cerrón Grande de 135 km2 es el humedal más grande de El Salvador, reconocido como “Humedal de Importancia Internacional” por la Convención Ramsar. Además, es uno de los ecosistemas más contaminados a nivel nacional, enfrentando serios problemas, entre ellos, las proliferaciones de cianobacterias. Objetivo: Evaluar las relaciones entre los factores ambientales y la distribución espacial y temporal de las cianobacterias en el embalse a lo largo de un año hidrológico. Métodos: Extrajimos agua con cianobacterias de seis sitios fijos, desde octubre 2018 hasta septiembre 2019. Resultados: Identificamos 16 géneros, el más abundante Microcystis sp. Además, Dolichospermum sp.; Microcistis sp. alcanzaron 1.5 x 106 células/ml en junio 2019, principalmente en el sector noroeste, que es poco profundo y cercano a las zonas de confluencia de afluentes altamente contaminados que llegan al embalse. El sector sureste más profundo tenía bajas concentraciones de estos organismos. Los factores ambientales mayormente relacionados con dicho comportamiento fueron: fósforo, la conductividad eléctrica y el valor de Secchi, como se esperaba de un cuerpo eutrófico. Conclusiones: La variación en la concentración celular de cianobacterias en este embalse está altamente influenciada por la lluvia, la mezcla de agua y el contenido de nutrientes.
Depredación, reproducción y desarrollo de la catarina Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Naranjo-Acosta Jennifer , Díaz-Mesa Daniel Camilo , Melo-Cerón Clara Inés , Manzano Maria R.
Published: October 2022

Introducción: Mantener poblaciones de insectos depredadores en el agroecosistema ofreciéndoles presas y recursos alimenticios provenientes de las plantas es importante para mejorar el control biológico y contribuir con la conservación. Objetivo: Determinar si el consumo de presas y recursos alimenticios florales potencia los atributos biológicos del depredado Hippodamia convergens. Métodos: Las larvas de Hippodamia convergens fueron alimentadas con dos especies de áfidos, mientras que los adultos fueron alimentados con áfidos, espigas de maíz y dos especies de plantas no cultivadas. La presencia de azúcar en el intestino del depredador se comprobó mediante la prueba de antronas frías, y la presencia de polen mediante el método de acetólisis. Los experimentos demográficos se realizaron durante los primeros 40 días después de la emergencia de la hembra bajo condiciones controladas (25 °C ± 0.5; 75 % ± 1.75 HR; L12:D12). Resultados: H. convergens no consumió fructosa de Sorghum halepense, Parthenium hysterophorus o Zea mays, sino únicamente polen. En condiciones controladas (25 °C ± 0.5, 75 % ± 1.75 HR), el tiempo de desarrollo (huevo-adulto) del depredador fue más corto (21.36 días) cuando consumió Rhopalosiphum maidis en lugar de Uroleucon nigrotibium (24.6 días), mientras que la supervivencia (L1- adulto) y la proporción sexual no cambió. La fecundidad promedio fue mayor (55.5 huevos / 40 días) al consumir U. nigrotibium con polen de P. hysterophorus, que solo U. nigrotibium (22.5 huevos / 40 días), o R. maidis con polen de Zea mays (11 huevos / 40 días). La tasa intrínseca de crecimiento natural fue mayor al consumir U. nigrotibium con polen de P. hysterophorus (0.055), que U. nigrotibium (0.034) o R. maidis con polen de Z. mays (0.019). La tasa de depredación (L1-L5) fue mayor al consumir R. maidis (0.65) que U. nigrotibium (0.51). Conclusiones: Las especies de áfidos y su combinación con polen de plantas no cultivadas afectan de manera diferente el tiempo de desarrollo, reproducción y tasa de depredación de H. convergens.