bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time/Frame: On Cinematic Duration
Authors: Rascaroli Laura
Published: January 2021

The role of the frame in determining filmic temporality has rarely been
discussed. Time in the cinema emerges from diegetic, formal, and symbolic
elements organized by the frame, but the prominence of montage and
the movement of the filmic frame have tended to obscure the latter’s
importance in creating a mediated temporality. This chapter engages
with Stan Douglas’s photograph Ballantyne Pier, 18 June 1935 (2008) as
a form of theory of filmic temporality. It then compares the role of the
frame in determining the temporality of photography, painting, and film,
drawing on works such as Andy Warhol’s Empire (1964), Eric Baudelaire’s
Sugar Water (2007), and André Bazin essay on Henri-Georges Clouzot’s
The Picasso Mystery (Le Mystère Picasso, 1956).
Interactivity without Control
Authors: Uroskie Andrew V.
Published: January 2021

The contemporary form of David OReilly’s Everything (2017) belies its
engagement with the past – specifically, with the origins of both ecological
consciousness and our globalized informatic economy in the visual culture
and systems thinking of the late 1960s. The work’s central formal device
is the mode of scalar visualization popularized within the Eames’s iconic
Powers of Ten (1977). That film placed Man at the literal and metaphorical
center of its universe, obviating both non-human life and ecological
relationality to do so. By contrast, OReilly’s world solicits our identification
with literally ‘everything’ – living and non-living, from the cosmically
large to the microscopically small – except the human. A soundtrack
featuring the late Buddhist philosopher Alan Watts reinforces its vision
of total relationality.
Platform Genealogies
Authors: Hjorth Larissa , Ohashi Kana , Sinanan Jolynna , Pink Sarah , Horst Heather , Kato Fumitoshi , Zhou Baohua
Published: January 2021

In Chapter 2, “Platform genealogies,” we consider the continuities and
discontinuities around LINE, WeChat, Facebook and WhatsApp as a digital
genealogy. We explore the particular histories and practices informing
those platforms—what Gillespie (2015) calls “the politics of platforms” or
Lamarre calls (2017) “platformativity”—and why they are being adopted
intergenerationally. For example, the developed and quick uptake of LINE
was in direct response to the way in which mobile social media shifted
in and after the earthquake, tsunami and Fukushima nuclear disaster
of 2011 known as 3/11.
Digital Gifts and Rituals
Authors: Hjorth Larissa , Ohashi Kana , Sinanan Jolynna , Pink Sarah , Horst Heather , Kato Fumitoshi , Zhou Baohua
Published: January 2021

In Chapter 4 we revisit historical discussions around mobile media as gift and the important anthropological meanings of the gift as a practice into power relations and rituals, to think about how we might expand upon this practice in terms of location. Here location, co-location and co-presence are revisited.
Re-imagining Digital Care and Health
Authors: Hjorth Larissa , Ohashi Kana , Sinanan Jolynna , Pink Sarah , Horst Heather , Kato Fumitoshi , Zhou Baohua
Published: January 2021

In Chapter 8 we turn to Co-futuring Kinship—the ways in which past and present practices inform how the future of the kinship for care at a distance. This is particularly important for “super-aging” contexts like Japan in which one in three is of 80 years old. Chapter 8 sets the picture for discussion around digital health in which mobile media is fully imbricated in. Discussions around a “silver bullet” in the form of a mobile app still dominate despite the fact that there is much work into the need for social, rather than technological, solutions.
Postcolonial Orientalisms
Authors: Zahed Ludovic-Mohamed
Published: January 2021

This chapter introduces the social consequences of, on the one hand, inclusive interpretations and, on the other hand, exclusive (or, quite simply, homophobic, transphobic, and misogynistic) interpretations of scripture, showing how queer Muslims in France, in Europe, and elsewhere position themselves in relation to the theoretical and theological debates in the Islamic world.
Towards a Structural Reevaluation of Cultural Values
Authors: Zahed Ludovic-Mohamed
Published: January 2021

How can French queer Muslims recognize themselves in identities which are alternative to the white heterosexual one? Do they betray a part of the heritage of their forefathers by embracing those alternative identities? How to address this problematic – as well as the question of ethical values – is intensively discussed within French queer Muslim circles.
Fuleco the Armadillo
Authors: Beusterien John
Published: January 2021

Chapter 2 provides a biogeography of Fuleco the armadillo, beginning
with his birth in South America. Gonzalo Argote de Molina placed Fuleco’s
carapace in his collection in Seville and Nicolás Monardes visited Argote’s
collection, thereafter publishing a woodcut image of Fuleco (1571 and
1574). Fuleco functioned as a specimen in a modern museum in the sense
that Argote, following the model of other Renaissance curiosity cabinets,
sought to create a theater of the world. Fuleco was an important collectible
because his body was considered an American wonder in which nature
fashioned a bard on the skin of an unusual horselike animal. By contrast,
Fuleco as specimen symbolically enhanced the value of live horses and
armor as collectibles in both Argote and King Philip II’s collection.
Jarama the Bull and Maghreb the Lion
Authors: Beusterien John
Published: January 2021

Chapter 3 provides a biogeography of Maghreb the lion and Jarama the bull.
The collection of poems in The Amphitheater of Philip the Great describes
a day of animal spectacle, focusing on the staged combat between Jarama
and Maghreb. The poems celebrate the bull as classical hero and Philip IV
as imperial hunter. After Jarama killed Maghreb, the poets in the collection
depict the fighting bull as Spain’s own species and as the only wild animal
in the world that was still to be dominated. They describe Philip IV’s final
execution of the bull before the public as the spectacle’s glorious climax.
The group of poets in The Amphitheater of Philip the Great represent the
imperial literary elite who sought to forge collective identities of Europe
and Spain, as well as in terms of race.
An Early Transpacific Account of the Spice Islands by Andrés de Urdaneta (1536)
Authors: Mojarro Romero Jorge
Published: January 2021

Andrés de Urdaneta (1508?–1568) tells the story of the ill-fated expedition
of Jofre García de Loaysa (1490–1526), which was meant to consolidate
the Spanish claim to the Spice Islands in the aftermath of the Magellan
expedition. Urdaneta, a participant in the expedition who later made
important contributions to Pacific navigation, covers the ill-fated voyage of
Loaysa’s fleet as well as the armed conflict that ensued when the Spanish
arrived in the Moluccas only to find the Portuguese already ensconced
on the island of Ternate. This brief narrative provides an insight into a
complex political and military situation, in which the rivalry between the
two Iberian empires overlaps with the local rivalries of sixteenth-century
insular Southeast Asia. Jorge Mojarro provides the necessary historical
context.
A Royal Decree of Philip III Regulating Trade between the Philippines and New Spain (1604)
Authors: Cobo Natalie , Seijas Tatiana
Published: January 2021

This decree represents one of the earliest attempts made by the Spanish
crown to regulate the transpacific trade between Acapulco and Manila.
In reaction to complaints that transpacific commerce was harmful to
Spain and its Atlantic possessions, the crown attempted to regulate
such matters as the number and tonnage of the galleons, the penalties
for transporting contraband, the salary of galleon commanders, the
manner in which accounts would be kept, procedures for inspecting
ships and cargo, and much else. Natalie Cobo and Tatiana Seijas place
the document in the context of early modern Spanish mercantilism,
intra-imperial commercial rivalries, and the reactive patterns of imperial
governance.
Idolatry and Apostasy in the 1633 Jesuit Annual Letter
Authors: Blanco John
Published: January 2021

In this excerpt from the annual letter reporting on the state of the Jesuit
order in the Philippines, Fr. Juan de Bueras, the Jesuit provincial, relates
the difficulties that the Church was experiencing among the indigenous
communities of the island of Mindoro. Hoping to convert the Magayanes
people of the mountains to Christianity, the Jesuits found that they had
to redirect their efforts to the supposedly Catholic communities of the
coast, which had reverted to pre-Christian beliefs and practices. Bueras’s
letter provides insight into the limitations of the Church’s effort to convert
native Filipinos, and the nature of Filipino religious life in the early colonial
context. John Blanco places the letter in the broader context of religious
and secular colonialism, and broader questions about the supposed
Hispanization of the Philippines.
Francisco de Combés’s History of Mindanao and Jolo (1667)
Authors: Rodríguez-Rodríguez Ana M. , Benjamin Cortney
Published: January 2021

In this excerpt from his history of the southern Philippines and of the
efforts of the Jesuits to convert its inhabitants, Francisco de Combés
(1620–1665) paints a sensationalist image of the religious life of Mindanao,
emphasizing the supposed atheism of the common people and the practice
of sorcery by their Muslim rulers. The heroic Jesuits operating out of the
Spanish settlement of Zamboanga struggle with the volatile politics of
the Islamicate south in their heroic efforts to bring Christianity to people
that they misrecognize as “moors.” Ana M. Rodríguez-Rodríguez places
the text in the context of Spain’s troubled relationship with Mindanao.
A Moluccan Crypto-Muslim before the Transpacific Inquisition (1623–1645)
Authors: Crewe Ryan Dominic
Published: January 2021

In 1623 and again in 1643, a Moluccan soldier by the name of Alexo de
Castro became one of the few individuals to be shipped from Manila to
Mexico to face trial by the Inquisition, which operated out of New Spain.
In the trial documents, we learn of his life as a mestizo of Portuguese
and Southeast Asian lineage who traveled from the Moluccas to Goa
and then to Manila in the course of his career as a soldier. We also
learn of this mestizo’s alleged adherence to the practice of Islam and
hear the voices of the women who accused him of sexual assault. Ryan
Dominic Crewe places the document in the context of institutional
history and in that of the global mestizaje characteristic of Iberian
maritime imperialism.
The Pacific Theater of the Seven Years’ War in a Latin Poem by an Indigenous Priest, Bartolomé Saguinsín (1766)
Authors: McManus Stuart M.
Published: January 2021

The Latin epigrams of the Tagalog parish priest Bartolomé Saguinsín
(c.1696–1772) commemorate the loss of Manila to the British East India
Company in the Seven Years’ War, and the subsequent recuperation of
the city by Spain. They plot events into a predictably providentialist
structure, lionizing the Spanish commander, praising the Hispanized
natives who helped recover the city, criticizing the inhabitants of less
Hispanized areas who stood idly by, and casting aspersions on the Sangleys
who supposedly collaborated with the invaders. Stuart M. McManus
provides background on the author and his involvement with the war, and
discusses the poem as an instance of participation by a Tagalog native in
the Catholic Republic of Letters.
Facebook Cartographies and the Mapping of Local History
Authors: Seemann Jörn
Published: January 2021

Place-related data from social media platforms are still awaiting further exploration
in mapping and map-making and are useful to stimulate a debate on how to visualize
cartographically this type of subjective and unstructured information. The example
of a Facebook group on local history from a town in the American Midwest is used
to discuss potentials and limitations of visually capturing historical events and
processes. Variations of online story maps are presented as cartographic exercises of
deep mapping, in order to point out the relationship between the digital humanities,
historical GIS, and historical cartography. The text makes a plea for a narrative
cartography of everyday life based on the experiences and values of ordinary people.
The Female Baroque in Court and Country
Authors: Waller Gary
Published: January 2021

The Courtly Baroque focuses on the place of women in the Jacobean and Caroline courts. The discussion centres on James I’s and Charles I’s Catholic queens and the entertainments over which they presided, first before the exile of the English court and then following the Restoration. These include masques, poems, plays, stories, and treatises in the Court, and other works on the fringes of the royal court, in ‘little courts’ like the Sidneys’ Penshurst, or the Cavendish residences (in both the English ‘country’ and in exile in Antwerp). I conclude with a discussion of Hester Pulter, whose writings exemplify the courtly Baroque even in an isolated country home amid increasing suspicion of the morals of the royal court..
“Do Not Harass My Sisters”
Authors: Callan Maeve Brigid
Published: January 2021

Samthann, who lived two centuries after the first three sisters, shows the
stern but wise and merciful abbess who built on her older sisters’ work.
She could unleash an enormous eel on male threats to her sisters and beat
greedy landowners in their dreams until they saw the error of their ways
and freely donated whatever her community needed. Such strength of
leadership could be the difference between a community’s survival and its
disappearance. She is the only eighth-century Irish saint, male or female,
honored with an extant Life, and one of very few who did not found her
own community. All of her sister saints with medieval Lives died in the
sixth century, and all were said to have founded their own communities.
Samthann’s Life may date to within a generation or two of her death, and
it may reveal the woman before history remade her, before centuries of
devotion and the growing power of her monastery turned her into someone
who could kill with a single word, as Patrick’s propagandists claimed of him.
The Moresca Dance in Counter-Reformation Rome: Court Medicine and the Moderation of Exceptional Bodies
Authors: Kavvadia Maria
Published: January 2021

In the early modern elite court culture, dance held a prominent sociopolitical
position. Nevertheless, in the Counter-Reformation era, the Catholic
Church put dance culture under scrutiny. The moresca, one of the most
popular dance spectacles that expressed the elite’s taste in exceptional
and wondrous bodies, was criticized as deviant by Catholic reformers. In
this criticism, the religious discourse often overlapped with contemporary
medical discourse, which considered aspects of dance culture as unhealthy
for both body and soul. In Counter-Reformation Rome, Girolamo Mercuriale,
the court physician of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, following the aspirations
of the Counter-Reformation papacy for spiritual reform, moderates in his
medical treatise De arte gymnastica the controversial moresca: by modifying
it into a medical exercise, he regulates the moresca in both medical and
religious terms, making it an appropriate body practice for the elite.
Postcolonial Myths
Authors: Sim Gerald
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines the aftereffects of the U.S.-backed New Order
government’s violent excesses and their legacy of trauma, crisis, and horror.
Since Suharto, the country’s struggling “transition” into a democratic
civil society has been hampered by its inability to acknowledge and
move past the killings of 1965-1966. Indonesia’s genre-dominated cinema
reinforced New Order ideology because its formulae begot predictability,
which dovetailed with the New Order’s premium on social and political
stability. At the same time, Hollywood genres Americanized colonial
subjects and their memories. As a result, even films precipitated by the
reformasi movement working through the traumas of Suharto’s violence,
take continued comfort in generic closure and resolution. For example,
Americanism functioning as psychic conduits and historical indices in
reformasi coming-of-age stories, emerges through the discursive beats
and rhythms of the road film.
Introduction
Authors: Sim Gerald
Published: January 2021

The Introduction situates postcolonial Southeast Asian cinemas within
historical, cultural, and disciplinary contexts. With a combination of
historical surveys, intellectual mapping, and cultural anecdotes, it recommends
a renewal of critical frameworks for the region’s emerging cinemas.
It connects Southeast Asia’s unique geopolitical history to cultural and
social particularities in three culturally affiliated nations: Singapore,
Malaysia, and Indonesia. The postcolonial legacy of each surfaces cinematically
through locally specific preoccupations. Their films offer readable
manifestations of how postcolonial character manifests in Singapore’s
spatial imaginary, Malaysia’s aural sensibility, and Indonesian discourses
of stability. Finally, the Introduction foregrounds the book’s continual
concern with method, and outlines its self-reflective mode of theoretically
informed film analysis that accounts for power differentials between
knowledge traditions.
Erotic Barbarity: Othon
Authors: Turquety Benoît
Published: January 2021

This chapter introduces the specificities and hallmarks of Straub and
Huillet’s films through a close study of their 1969 film Eyes Do Not Want
to Close at All Times or Perhaps One Day Rome Will Allow Herself to Choose
in Her Turn, adapted from Pierre Corneille’s play Othon: literary works
adapted to the letter, their use of cinematic composition and space,
and direct location sound. Finally, it introduces the troubadour Arnaut
Daniel and his complex, subtle poetic structures, later picked up by Louis
Zukofsky, which echo the cinematic structures of Straub and Huillet’s
films.
The Power of Speech (or the Voice), of Seeing and the Path: Moses And Aaron
Authors: Turquety Benoît
Published: January 2021

This chapter contains a detailed analysis of Straub and Huillet’s 1974 filmic
adaptation of Arnold Schoenberg’s unfinished opera Moses und Aron. It
pays closes attention to the similarities and differences between the films
and how the filmmakers’ choices of adaptation and mise-en-scène, which
flatten out the opera and its story, result in an analytic posture that allows
viewers to see the powers at play in the opera in a more objective manner.
Industrial Civilization for the Last Time: Class Relations
Authors: Turquety Benoît
Published: January 2021

This chapter analyses in detail Straub-Huillet’s Kafka adaptation Class
Relations, with special attention paid to language and power in the film
and the filmmakers’ use of space, as this was their first film from which
each scene was filmed from only one camera position. What this choice
does to the place of the spectator in relation to the film’s protagonist is
related to the poems George Oppen wrote in his Discrete Series, especially
in his effacing the role of an “I” narrator.
Introduction
Authors: Turquety Benoît
Published: January 2021

This chapter defines the scope of the book Danièle Huillet, Jean-Marie
Straub: “Objectivists” in Cinema, beginning with Jacques Rivette’s proposal
of a kind of ‘objectivity’ in cinema and the ways in which films by Jean-
Marie Straub and Danièle Huillet have adhered to it almost to the letter in
their use of pre-existing texts adapted seemingly without interpretation.
It introduces an American poetry movement, Objectivism, and the poetic
theories and axioms of Louis Zukofsky, highlighting their similarities to
the filmmaking of Straub and Huillet.
Staging Gendered Authority: Donatello’s Judith, Lucrezia Tornabuoni de’Medici’s sacra storia, and the Somaesthetics of Justice
Authors: Terry-Fritsch Allie
Published: January 2021

Chapter Three analyzes Donatello’s bronze sculpture of Judith, located in the garden of Palazzo Medici between the mid-1460s to the early 1490s, in relation to a sacred narrative of the Jewish heroine written by Lucrezia Tornabuoni de’Medici in the early 1470s. Considering the performative interplay between the matron’s words and the sculpture’s form, the chapter investigates the strategies by which Lucrezia’s text enlivens Donatello’s Judith as the sacred heroine of her story and somaesthetically situates her audience as “eye-witnesses” to a demonstration of justice. Ultimately, the chapter analyzes how the theatricality of viewing the sculpture in the garden simulated communal punishment rituals and contributed to a reaffirmation of Florentine values that bound the audience and author together.
Keeping Family in an Age of Long Distance Trade, Imperial Expansion, and Exile, 1550-1850
Authors: Dalton Heather
Published: January 2021

Keeping Family in an Age of Long Distance Trade, Imperial Expansion, and Exile, 1550--1850 brings together eleven original essays by an international group of scholars, each investigating how family, or the idea of family, was maintained or reinvented when husbands, wives, children, apprentices, servants or slaves separated, or faced separation, from their household. The result is a fresh and geographically wide-ranging discussion about the nature of family and its intersection with travel over three hundred years -- a period during which roles and relationships, within and between households, were increasingly affected by trade, settlement, and empire building. The imperial project may have influenced different regions in different ways at different times yet, as this collection reveals, families, especially those transcending national ties and traditional boundaries, were central to its progress. Together, these essays bring new understandings of the foundations of our interconnected world and of the people who contributed to it.
Mourning Missing Migrants
Authors: Mirto Giorgia , Robins Simon , Horsti Karina , Prickett Pamela J. , Ruiz Verduzco Deborah , Toom Victor
Published: January 2021

While the term missing refers to various instances and practices, we
focus on the bodies of deceased migrants that remain unidentified, and
on the inability of families to mourn someone when there is no body
to grieve for. We deploy some ethnographic fragments of how Italian
communities sometimes mourn those who are buried without a name
and we describe the many problems of mourning someone whose fate
is unknown through a discussion of the notion of ‘ambiguous loss’. Our
contribution articulates some of the politics around deaths in migration
by considering how missing migrants and their bodies are mourned in
multiplicity.
Enforced Disappearances and Border Deaths Along the Migrant Trail
Authors: Distretti Emilio
Published: January 2021

Following an emerging theoretical approach towards border deaths as
‘enforced disappearances’, this chapter explores the question of disappearance
in the context of global migration. By placing the disappeared
at the intersection of different historical settings and legal and political
discourses, the chapter questions how ‘enforced disappearance’ operates
as strategy of power, deterrence and control over migrant populations.
By learning from experiences from other historical and political contexts
it intends to offer a conceptual toolbox that can enable us to study the
relationship between ‘disappearance’ and border deaths, the evolution of
state violence across time and space, and the way counter-practices have
reacted by pointing at state responsibility and impunity.
Moving forward
Authors: Dijstelbloem Huub , Horn Carolyn , Jarvis Catriona
Published: January 2021

The chapter presents the authors’ views on ‘Moving Forward’, specifically
on the development of better data to evaluate the impact of competing
migration policies on border deaths, the need for an overarching vision for
border control and migration, and the requirements for what is perhaps the
most viable option currently, ‘muddling through’. Even in today’s difficult
environment, many practical, legal, and technological initiatives flourish
that could help prevent deaths; these initiatives provide a pragmatic way
forward. To keep continued crises from becoming the new normal, we
must use these promising practices to develop, and gain acceptance of, a
migration framework that prevents border death.
Pathways to Honour
Authors: Cussen Bryan
Published: January 2021

In his pursuit of honour, Alessandro Farnese prioritised his family. His
strategies included securing Church offices, advantageous marriages,
and Italian territories for his children and grandchildren. As he rose
towards the papacy, Farnese was also influenced by the curial culture
in which humanist concepts of the papal role intersected with the code
of honour. These concepts, evident in court sermons, reflected a curial
script that impelled the pope to project himself as the leading man in
the coming of a new Imperium and the dawn of a Golden Age. As pope,
Farnese wove this narrative through the magnificent display of festivals,
art, and architecture. His pursuit of reform needs to be considered against
the backdrop of this narrative.
The Ottoman Threat
Authors: Cussen Bryan
Published: January 2021

Discord between the princes heightened the sense of threat to Italy by
the Ottomans. Accordingly, Paul III increased his efforts to broker peace
between Charles and Francis. In 1538 he was finally successful when he
brought the two monarchs together in Nice where they agreed on a ten-year
truce. At the same time, the Ottoman advance towards Italy continued
and Paul needed to spend more and more on defensive strategies. The
most effective way of increasing income for troops and defences was the
sale of Church offices. Thus the reform proposals, if accepted, would have
undermined the pope’s entire effort for peace and concord and hence they
gained no traction with Paul or other key actors.
The Council of Trent
Authors: Cussen Bryan
Published: January 2021

From the late 1530s, Paul III quietly moved away from reform. Nevertheless,
as a matter of honour, he continued to pursue his long-standing
commitment to hold a General Council. But the pope’s priorities for it
were limited to the achievement of peace between Christian princes,
unity in the Church and defeat of the infidel. Despite many obstacles, Paul
managed finally to convene the Council at Trent in 1545. The first years of
the Council had minimal success in achieving its goals and little impact on
reform which Paul largely contained. However, both Paul and the Council
did sow the seeds of episcopal residence in single dioceses, a reform that
would eventually become a core part of the Counter-Reformation.
Introduction
Authors: Cussen Bryan
Published: January 2021

Throughout Europe the election of Alessandro Farnese as Paul III in 1534 prompted new hope of Church reform. In considering his fifteen-year reign, some scholars have seen Paul as a champion of reform, others as two-faced in his actions, and others as hampered by character weakness. This book offers a new perspective by taking a cultural approach. Drawing on texts of the time, it explores how the fate of reform was determined by cultural values of honour and tradition, and how honour intersected with politics. The book shows how honour led Paul to pursue reform, and how it prompted him to pull back from a reform program that would have undermined codes of honour and threatened the safety of Rome.
Ways of knowing with data visualizations
Authors: Walker Rettberg Jill
Published: January 2021

Data visualizations combine numeric data with visual representation, and these modes allow them to express certain kinds of knowledge more easily than others. This chapter uses examples of historical data visualizations in order to examine what ways of knowing they privilege. What is the difference between the spatial organization of tools in prehistoric homes and a photograph or bar chart showing information about the same tools, in terms of the kinds of knowledge they enable? How do the systems for gathering and visualizing data during the 18th and 19th centuries shape our understanding of the world? How do data visualizations make us feel that they are objective? How do they shape our ideas of what is possible?
The political significance of data visualization: Four key perspectives
Authors: Nærland Torgeir Uberg
Published: January 2021

Practitioners and scholars alike assume that data visualization can have political significance—as vehicle for progressive change, manipulation, or maintaining the status quo. There are, however, a variety of ways in which we can think of data visualization as politically significant. These perspectives imply differing notions of both ‘politics’ and ‘significance’. Drawing upon political and social theory, this chapter identifies and outlines four key perspectives: data visualization and 1) public deliberation, 2) ideology, 3) citizenship, and 4) as a political-administrative steering tool. The aim of this chapter is thus to provide a framework that helps clarify the various contexts, processes, and capacities through which data visualizations attain political significance.
Accessibility of data visualizations : An overview of European statistics institutes
Authors: Snaprud Mikael , Velazquez Andrea
Published: January 2021

Access to public data is important for people to stay informed. Access to visualizations of national statistics can be essential in order to take part in political discussions and so to shape a democratic society. In this chapter we investigate accessibility for people with disabilities to data visualizations from a selection of European National Statistics Institutes (NSIs). We outline related practices and approaches to accessibility improvements and propose a way to evaluate and compare accessibility aspects of data visualizations. The findings indicate that in contrast to the recently harmonized European legal requirements, the degree to which the data visualizations meet the requirements, and the approaches to meet them, are very different among the NSIs across Europe.
The power of visualization choices: Different images of patterns in space
Authors: Ricker Britta , Kraak Menno-Jan , Engelhardt Yuri
Published: January 2021

Maps are representations of the world. They offer summaries or simplifications
of data that are collected, attempt to reveal unknowns, to simplify
and communicate complex spatial phenomena. Numerous decisions
are made in the process of creating a map. Seemingly inconsequential
variations of cartographic design decisions offer many ways to illustrate
this process. We use an open dataset related to the United Nations Gender
Inequality Index to demonstrate design decision points and their output.
As governments are increasingly making data open to the public, and
map-making tools and software are now more accessible online, these
considerations are important both for those making and reading maps
online.
The Moral Economy of Casino Work in Singapore
Authors: Zhang Juan
Published: January 2021

Singapore opened two casino resorts in 2010 despite strong public suspicion and resistance. Casino work brings a good income and a certain prestige, but it also places employees in a state of moral uncertainty. Drawing from fieldwork in Singapore, the chapter looks at the moral economy of casino work, especially how employees negotiate moral dilemmas with financial and professional gains. Casino employees fashion a flexible sense of self and hold on to a strong belief in professionalism and self-responsibilization. Such strategies allow employees to suspend personal emotions in the workplace, and to value personal detachment as professionalism. As casino employees recode their moral values through the logic of ‘making exception’, they actively contribute to the moral economy of the casino in Singapore.
Mobility and Flexible Moralities
Authors: Hoang Lan Anh
Published: January 2021

The majority of the estimated 150,000 Vietnamese in Russia are irregular migrants with no prospects for permanent settlement or naturalisation. Post-communist Russia, with a volatile economy, a restrictive (and heavily corrupt) migration regime and disturbing levels of hostility towards foreign migrants, proves to be a particularly unwelcoming host society. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted at Moscow wholesale markets between 2013 and 2016, this chapter discusses how meanings and values of money change in a context people’s radius of trust is disrupted by their physical displacement and the routinisation of uncertainty. When moral grounds for social interactions cannot be taken for granted, money emerges as a new ‘anchor’ in and benchmark for transnational relationships.
The ruin and return of Markus Sulu
Authors: Rose Michael
Published: January 2021

Parting from Jake in Dili, I arrive in Oecussi and quickly become reacquainted
with an old friend from the time I spent there with the UN,
Markus. Once a prominent entrepreneur and public servant who relished
the ‘opportunities’ that came with his position he was now a pariah, having
been accused of embezzling thousands of dollars from his office. While
his family outwardly accepted Markus’s fall was a result of a conspiracy
by mendacious rivals, he was also known for trampling traditions, taboos,
and hierarchies in pursuit of wealth, and some privately suggested that
his misfortune might be spiritual retribution. Through this sometimesdramatic
story I explore how, for some at least, meto frameworks are used
to understand success and failure in the kase world.
Women Religious and Epistolary Exchange in the Carmelite Reform
Authors: Mujica Bárbara
Published: January 2021

The sixteenth century was a period of crisis in the Catholic Church. Monastic reorganization was a major issue, and women were at the forefront of charting new directions in convent policy. The story of the Carmelite Reform has been told before, but never from the perspective of the women on the front lines. Nearly all accounts of the movement focus on Teresa de Avila, (1515-1582), and end with her death in 1582. Women Religious and Epistolary Exchange in the Carmelite Reform: The Disciples of Teresa de Avila carries the story beyond Teresa’s death, showing how the next generation of Carmelite nuns struggled into the seventeenth century to continue her mission. It is unique in that it draws primarily from female-authored sources, in particular, the letters of three of Teresa’s most dynamic disciples: María de San José, Ana de Jesús and Ana de San Bartolomé.
On to Portugal: The Lisbon Carmel, 1584–1603
Authors: Mujica Bárbara
Published: January 2021

In December 1584, María de San José arrived in Lisbon, where she founded
São Alberto, the first female Discalced Carmelite convent in Portugal. Soon
afterward, São Alberto housed a group of Clarissas [Poor Clares], who had
escaped the Low Countries. Brétigny was anxious to found a Discalced
convent in Paris, with María as its prioress, but the moment was not
propitious. María was a gentle and efficient prioress, yet she was a strict
disciplinarian, and nuns were often whipped as a form of mortification.
Throughout Europe and the Spanish colonies, self-mortification was
common, as it was considered a means of helping individuals share Christ’s
suffering and thereby bringing them closer to God.
Trials: Prison, Illness, and Death
Authors: Mujica Bárbara
Published: January 2021

In her Carta de una pobre y presa Descalza (1593), written from the jail
of the Convent of São Alberto, María de San José (Salazar) pled with her
spiritual daughters to continue the struggle against Nicolás Doria, who
had maneuvered to change the Carmelite Constitutions. She urged them
to resist not through active rebellion, but by practicing resoluteness,
detachment, wisdom, and forgiveness, as modeled by Christ and the saints.
The Carta is not an appeal for pity, but a battle cry designed to galvanize
the sisters. After her release from prison, María resumed her customary
activities. In October 1603, her enemies abducted her and took her to the
remote convent of Cuerva, where she died days later.
Paris and Beyond
Authors: Mujica Bárbara
Published: January 2021

Religious wars hindered the initial efforts of Jean de Brétigny to establish a Discalced Carmelite convent in France. However, Pierre Bérulle, future confessor to the King and member of the reformist spiritual circle known as Paris dévot, favored the project. In October 1604, Ana Jesús founded and became prioress of the first Discalced Carmelite convent in Paris. When Bérulle decided to establish a second convent in Pontoise, he chose Ana de San Bartolomé to head it. In order to comply, Ana, a white-veiled nun (one who did menial labor), would have to take the black veil. Despite the opposition of Ana de Jesús, Ana de San Bartolomé acceded to Bérulle’s demands and founded in Pontoise.
In the Low Countries
Authors: Mujica Bárbara
Published: January 2021

Isabel Clara Eugenia, who ruled as co-sovereign of the Low Countries
with her husband, Albert of Austria, saw convents as a bulwark against
encroaching Protestantism and brought nuns of different orders from
France to make foundations, among them, Ana de Jesús. After founding in
Brussels, Ana founded convents in Louvain and Mons. The Mons project
was a challenge. Her letters show that she had difficulty coping with the
cold and did not find the Flemish women congenial. She also missed her
dear friend Beatriz de la Concepción. As she approached the end of her
life, Ana became obsessed with completing her translation projects and
other unfinished business. Around 1607, her declining health became a
major topic of her correspondence.
Hong Kong Museum of Art in Hong Kong
Authors: Ho Selina C.F.
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines the museum circuit of the Hong Kong Museum
of Art, an official art museum in Hong Kong, which was shaped by
national, local and global forces, and colonial legacies. The museum’s
intermediaries, mainly in-house curators, have demonstrated potency in
articulating cultural representations for diplomacy, cultural nationalism,
leisure consumption, global gratification, and interpretation of the local,
tending to produce a feudalized public sphere that discourages critical
thinking and public debate. Visitors to the museum are demographically
diverse and characterized by six distinct identities. Critical audience
and activists oppose or resist the strategies of consumption that the
museum’s structures enjoin. The museum reveals the tension between
the government and its counter-publics and has created a cultural circuit
of contested values and identities.
Interactions between Environmental Civil Society and the State during the Ma Ying-jeou and Tsai Ing-wen Administrations in Taiwan
Authors: Grano Simona A.
Published: January 2021

This chapter deals with the political repercussions of popular discontent
towards several secondary issues in Taiwan prompting a mainstream
political formation like the DPP to revert to its early pro-environmental
and social justice rhetoric to attract voters for the 2016 electoral tournament;
several activists and academics that trace their origins to
the social movements’ galaxy were drafted by the DPP upon winning
the elections. The aim of this chapter is to verify whether four years
later concrete results have been achieved or whether the activists have
become quieter after joining the ruling party. This chapter consolidates
research on interactions and conflicts between the state trying to
exert more influence across several fields and newly emerging/wellestablished
social movements under the Ma Ying-jeou and Tsai Ing-wen
administrations.
Working with and around Strong States
Authors: Haddad Mary Alice
Published: January 2021

East Asia is a region dominated by developmental states that favour
business and constrain advocacy organizations, yet Japan has been leading
the world in emissions standards for decades, China has recently become
the world’s largest producer of photovoltaic panels and a world leader in
renewable energy, and Korea and Taiwan have both embarked on major
green initiatives that involve green business development, the creation
of national parks, widespread energy conservation and comprehensive
recycling efforts. This chapter discusses environmental organizations’
networking strategies to find allies within governmental and business
echelons in order to affect pro-environmental changes. Focusing on the
issue area of the environment, it argues that non-profit organizations play
important roles in developing the coordinating networks that facilitate
policymaking in challenging and diverse political contexts.
Changing Patterns of South Korean Social Movements, 1960s-2010s
Authors: Shin Jin-Wook
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines the changing patterns of South Korean social
movements from the 1960s to the 2010s in terms of their constituents,
their communication and mobilization structure, and the way in which
they influenced institutional politics. Some long-term trends that require
particular attention include: the extension of participants from cultural
elites and organized activists to a huge number of ordinary citizens;
the shift of the structure of the field of social movements from the
inter-organizational ties of committed activists to highly decentralized
networks of organizations, communities and individuals; and a change in
the major way of affecting institutional politics from the moralized acts
of cultural elites through strategic actions by movement organizations
to large-scale protests led by networked citizens directly pressuring the
actors of institutional politics.
Decline and Revitalization
Authors: Pacey Scott
Published: January 2021

The General who Awakens the World had, by the 1960s, left the military and resumed his monastic life as Shengyan. Like Yinshun, he would become one of the most significant Chinese Buddhists of the twentieth century. Shengyan’s scholarship on religious history aimed to show how belief systems fit into a scheme of religious evolution, according to which Buddhism— using academic evidence—was judged as more “advanced” than other traditions, including Christianity. Using two of Shengyan’s academic works, this chapter shows how his Buddhist apologetics represented an elaboration of Yinshun’s scholarly approach to upholding notions of Buddhist superiority. Buddhists had lamented what they saw as the decline of their tradition in the twentieth century; Shengyan’s scholarship was also an attempt to restore “true” Buddhism, which would be seen as thoroughly compatible with the modern world.
Working for the Living and the Dead
Authors: Blau Soren
Published: January 2021

Forensic science and medicine play a critical role in human identification,
with the underlying premise being that ‘the truth’ can be empirically and
objectively obtained. This chapter explores some of the approaches to
exhumation and identification undertaken in Timor-Leste and discusses
some of the complexities associated with scientific reason and the notion of
the construction of ‘forensic truth’. The difficulty of establishing personal
identification from skeletal remains in Timor-Leste is discussed in the
context of large numbers of missing persons, the fact that atrocities took
place in multiple locations over a 24-year period, and the fact that there is
limited local forensic capacity. In addition, the ways in which the process
of identification is understood is discussed in light of different notions of
‘truth’, highlighting the political, social, and ethical complexities at play.
Remembering the Dead in Post-Independence Timor-Leste
Authors: Rothschild Amy
Published: January 2021

How have the estimated 102,800 Timorese who were killed or otherwise
died as a result of the Indonesian occupation been remembered in
Timor-Leste’s post-independence period? While Timor-Leste’s state has
remembered the deceased through a lens of heroism and martyrdom,
international human rights institutions in Timor-Leste, such as the CAVR,
have remembered the deceased through a lens of victimhood. The chapter
compares and contrasts the state’s framing of the dead as heroes and
martyrs with the CAVR’s framing of the dead as victims and asks why the
state’s framing has come to dominate in the present day. This chapter is
based on data from over three years of work and research in Timor-Leste,
spanning the years 2002-2013.
Gathering the Dead, Imagining the State?
Authors: Kent Lia
Published: January 2021

This chapter focuses on the phenomenon of ‘commissions’ for the
recovery of human remains that have proliferated across Timor-Leste.
I argue that the commissions’ practices constitute forms of ‘nonstate
governmentality’ (de Cesari 2010, 625) that take the government’s valorisation
programme in unexpected directions. By working to exhume,
identify, and categorise the dead the commissions are, to some extent,
contributing to the state’s goal of dignifying martyrs. At the same time,
they are potentially enlarging the definition of martyrdom beyond the
state’s narrow interpretation. Ultimately, the commissions bring to light
the nation’s painful history and remind the state of its responsibility to
dignify all the nation’s martyrs.
Caring by the Hours
Authors: Ritchey Sara
Published: January 2021

This essay explores a psalter, Liège, Bibliothèque de l’Université MS 431, as a tool for the construction and transmission of women’s therapeutic knowledge. It places the psalter in its institutional context at the beguinage of St. Christopher’s, which maintained relationships with hospitals and a leprosarium in Liège. Given its context in feminine circuits of care, the essay argues that several features of this psalter, supported by comparative evidence from other contemporaneous psalters from the region, indicate the ways that beguines incorporated prayer and liturgical performance into their practice of daily caregiving.
Understanding/Controlling the Female Body in Ten Recipes
Authors: Gruman Martins Julia
Published: January 2021

In 1529, a book called Dificio di ricette was published in Venice. It included ten recipes concerned with the female body, which aimed to instruct readers but also allowed them to control the female body, especially where reproduction was concerned. This book initiated a new trend of vernacular medical texts directed to a broad audience; it described practices, prescribed models, and served as a tool for readers to create their own experiments. When translated into other vernaculars, recipes were adapted to new readerships, with publishers and translators closely engaging and transforming their texts, reshaping the knowledge they diffused. By encouraging the discussion of these matters more openly in the vernacular, recipes potentially allowed female readers to actively regulate their own bodies.
Domestic Care in the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Nolte Cordula
Published: January 2021

This essay combines a gendered approach with a perspective on the
spatial, material, and performative dimensions of care practices within
sixteenth-century German domestic environments. Terminological and
semantic challenges of premodern and modern vocabularies are discussed
first. The essay questions dichotomies between public, communal, and
institutional care versus private, domestic care in light of the collaboration
between internal and external experts and the collective nature
of infirmity and caregiving. Using a case study of written and pictorial
instructions in an illustrated surgeon’s manual, the essay suggests the
value of interdisciplinary approaches to the field of premodern care.