bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of firm‐level economic policy uncertainty on labor share: Empirical evidence from China
Authors: Song Jingxiang , Zor Shutter , Chen Dong , Yan Tiantian , Li Biao
Published: July 2024

In the 21st century, various unexpected events such as the financial crisis and COVID‐19 have exacerbated the uncertainty of economic policies, whose influence, especially those at the firm level, on the labor share remains to be studied. This article constructs the firm‐level economic policy uncertainty (FEPU) through text analysis and empirically analyzes its impact on labor share. Empirical evidence suggests that FEPU can significantly decrease labor share, particularly among firms with financing constraints, low productivity, and high market shares. And the results hold up after a series of robustness tests. Moreover, mechanism analysis indicates that precautionary saving motives play a crucial role in driving firms’ reduction in labor share rather than capital substitution motives. Finally, we further find that although FEPU harms the labor share, it significantly reduces executive payment and has no significant effect on the payment of ordinary employees, thus reducing within‐firm inequality. This study enhances our comprehension of how economic policy uncertainty at the firm level affects firm behavior and provides theoretical and practical guidance for increasing labor share and employee welfare.
High body mass index is associated with elevated risk of perioperative ischemic stroke in patients who underwent noncardiac surgery: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Peng , Wang Rui , Liu Fengjin , Ma Libin , Yang Huikai , Qu Mengyao , Liu Siyuan , Sun Miao , Liu Min , Ma Yulong , Mi Weidong
Published: July 2024

Background

Body mass index (BMI) serves as a global metric for assessing obesity and overall health status. However, the impact of BMI, treated as a continuous variable, on the risk of perioperative stroke remains poorly understood. This retrospective cohort study aimed to elucidate the association between BMI and the risk of perioperative ischemic stroke in patients undergoing non‐cardiovascular surgery.

Methods

A cohort of 223,415 patients undergoing noncardiac surgery at the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 1, 2008 and August 31, 2019 was screened. Preoperative high BMI, defined as BMI >22.64 kg/m2, was the primary exposure, and the outcome of interest was the new diagnosis of perioperative ischemic stroke within 30 days post‐surgery. Robust controls for patient and intraoperative factors were implemented to minimize residual confounding. Logistic regression and propensity score matching were employed, and patients were stratified into subgroups for further investigation.

Results

The overall incidence of perioperative ischemic stroke was 0.23% (n = 525) in the cohort. After adjusting for patient‐related variables (OR 1.283; 95% CI, 1.04–1.594; p < 0.05), surgery‐related variables (OR 1.484; 95% CI, 1.2–1.849; p < 0.001), and all confounding variables (OR 1.279; 95% CI, 1.025–1.607; p < 0.05), patients with BMI >22.64 kg/m2 exhibited a significantly increased risk of perioperative ischemic stroke. This association persisted in the propensity score matched cohort (OR 1.577; 95% CI, 1.203–2.073; p < 0.01). Subgroup analyses indicated that preoperative BMI >22.64 kg/m2 correlated with an elevated risk of perioperative ischemic stroke in female patients, those with coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular diseases, and individuals undergoing neurosurgery.

Conclusion

We first identified BMI >22.64 kg/m2 as a substantial and independent risk factor for perioperative ischemic stroke in Chinese noncardiac surgery patients. Normal BMI may not suffice as a universal preventive standard. Instead, a more stringent perioperative weight management approach is recommended, particularly for specific subgroups such as female patients, those with coronary heart disease and peripheral vascular disease, and individuals scheduled for neurosurgery.
Incorporation of human–wildlife interactions in ecosystem‐based management to enhance conservation of endangered guitarfish
Authors: Grossmark Yaara , Azriali Zohar Barak , Barash Adi , Portman Michelle E.
Published: July 2024

Growing human use of the marine environment increases the proximity of humans to marine wildlife and thus likely increases human–wildlife interactions. Such interactions influence perceptions of nature and promote or undermine conservation. Despite their importance, human–wildlife interactions are rarely considered in ecosystem‐based marine spatial planning (MSP). Ideally, these interactions should be identified and considered in ecosystem‐based management (EBM), which is often purported to be the basis for MSP. We used Marxan software and data from a citizen science project documenting location, species, age, sex, and activity type to identify regions along Israel's coast with a high probability of encounters between people and 2 species of guitarfish. We considered the geographic distribution of these encounters and the various activities undertaken by the reporting observers. We ran 4 scenarios in Marxan. Two had conservation goals of 30% and 50% guitarfish habitat protection. In the third and fourth scenarios, we added a 50% conservation goal of human leisure activities to each guitarfish conservation goal. We also conducted a gap analysis between our guitarfish conservation goals and the Israel Nature and Parks Authority's master plan for marine protected areas. We found the park authority was close to meeting the 30% goal but was far from meeting the conservation goal of 50% of guitarfish habitat conservation. Different human uses were more likely to interact with different life stages of guitarfish, and different recreational activities occurred in different areas. Identifying areas of specific human use showed which activities should be addressed in conservation management decisions. Our addition of certain recreational uses to the model of habitat conservation showed how enhancing human dimensions in conservation planning can lead to more holistic ecosystem‐based conservation necessary for effective marine planning.
Cytological features of ependymal and choroid plexus tumours
Authors: Egervari Kristof , Hewer Ekkehard
Published: July 2024

Ependymal and choroid plexus tumours arise in anatomically related regions. Their intraoperative differential diagnosis is large and depends on factors such as age, tumour site and clinical presentation. Squash cytology can provide valuable information in this context. Cytological features of conventional ependymomas, subependymomas and myxopapillary ependymomas as well as choroid plexus tumours are reviewed and illustrated. Differential diagnostic considerations integrating morphological and clinical information are discussed.
Plant diversity decreases greenhouse gas emissions by increasing soil and plant carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Dang Pengfei , Zhang Miaomiao , Chen Xinli , Loreau Michel , Duffy J. Emmett , Li Xin'e , Wen Shuyue , Han Xiaoqing , Liao Lechen , Huang Tiantian , Wan Chenxi , Qin Xiaoliang , Siddique Kadambot H. M. , Schmid Bernhard
Published: July 2024

The decline in global plant diversity has raised concerns about its implications for carbon fixation and global greenhouse gas emissions (GGE), including carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive meta‐analysis of 2103 paired observations, examining GGE, soil organic carbon (SOC) and plant carbon in plant mixtures and monocultures. Our findings indicate that plant mixtures decrease soil N2O emissions by 21.4% compared to monocultures. No significant differences occurred between mixtures and monocultures for soil CO2 emissions, CH4 emissions or CH4 uptake. Plant mixtures exhibit higher SOC and plant carbon storage than monocultures. After 10 years of vegetation development, a 40% reduction in species richness decreases SOC content and plant carbon storage by 12.3% and 58.7% respectively. These findings offer insights into the intricate connections between plant diversity, soil and plant carbon storage and GGE—a critical but previously unexamined aspect of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning.
Ultrasound‐guided caudal cervical articular process arthrocentesis is accurate in live horses with and without arthropathy
Authors: Davidson Elizabeth J. , Stefanovski Darko , Slack Joann , Manzi Timothy J.
Published: July 2024

Background

Cervical articular process joint (CAPJ) therapy is advocated for horses with neck disorders. Several ultrasound‐guided CAPJ techniques have been described in cadaver studies with 72%–89% intra‐articular injection accuracy; however, the CAPJ injection accuracy in clinical equine practice has not been extensively reported.

Objectives

To describe a modified cranial approach for ultrasound‐guided caudal CAPJ injections, to investigate the accuracy of this CAPJ injection technique in live horses, and to assess the effect of CAPJ injection location, laterality, operator, and radiographic CAPJ enlargement on injection accuracy.

Study design

Retrospective case study.

Methods

Medical records of adult horses in which ultrasound‐guided caudal (C4–T1) CAPJ injections were performed using a modified cranial approach between November 2006 and December 2020 were reviewed. Radiographic images of caudal cervical vertebrae were assessed by a blinded radiologist and the degree of CAPJ enlargement was graded using a previously described grading system (Rgrade 1‐5b). Ultrasound‐guided caudal CAPJ injection accuracy was determined by synovial fluid retrieval during an individual CAPJ injection. Statistical analysis was performed using mixed‐effects multivariable logistic model to evaluate the association of CAPJ injection accuracy and the CAPJ injection location, Rgrade, laterality (right, left), and operator.

Results

The study included 149 horses with 177 hospital admissions. Synovial fluid was obtained from 586/658 (89.1%) caudal CAPJs using modified cranial ultrasound‐guided approach for CAPJ injections. C6–C7 CAPJ injections had 7‐fold higher likelihood (OR = 6.78, 95% CI: 1.67–27.52; p = 0.007) of synovial fluid retrieval compared with C4–C5 CAPJ injections. Operator, CAPJ injection side (left, right), and degree of radiographic CAPJ enlargement did not have significant effects on the success of synovial fluid retrieval from ultrasound‐guided caudal CAPJ injections.

Main limitations

Retrospective study design.

Conclusions

Intra‐articular ultrasound‐guided caudal CAPJ injections using a modified cranial approach can be performed accurately in live horses with and without CAPJ arthropathy.
Antimicrobial Resistance of Helicobacter pylori Isolated From Latin American Children and Adolescents (2008–2023): A Systematic Review
Authors: Cabrera Camila , Torres Joaquín , Serrano Carolina A. , Gallardo Paulina , Orellana Vicente , George Sergio , O'Ryan Miguel , Lucero Yalda
Published: July 2024

Background

Latin America has a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in children that may lead to peptic ulcer disease and eventually gastric cancer in adulthood. Successful eradication is hindered by rising antimicrobial resistance. We summarize H. pylori resistance rates in Latin American children from 2008 to 2023.

Material and Methods

Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute checklist to assess risk of bias (PROSPERO CRD42024517108) that included original cross‐sectional observational studies reporting resistance to commonly used antibiotics in Latin American children and adolescents. We searched in PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases.

Results

Of 51 studies, 44 excluded studies. The quality of the seven analyzed studies (297 H. pylori‐positive samples) was satisfactory. Phenotypic methods (N = 3) reported higher resistance rates than genotypic studies (N = 3). Clarithromycin resistance ranged from 8.1% to 79.6% (7 studies, 346 samples), metronidazole from 1.9% to 40.2% (4 studies; 211 samples), amoxicillin from 0% to 10.4% (3 studies; 158 samples), tetracycline resistance was not detected (3 studies; 158 samples), and levofloxacin resistance was 2.8% (1 study; 36 samples). [Correction added on 24 October 2024, after first publication: In the Results paragraph, the number of excluded studies has been updated; the number of analyzed studies has been updated; and the percentage and number of studies and samples for Clarithromycin resistance updated.]

Conclusion

Scarce Latin American studies on H. pylori resistance, along with methodological heterogeneity, hinder conclusive findings. Clarithromycin and metronidazole (first‐line drugs) resistance is worrisome, likely impacting lower eradication rates. Urgent systematic surveillance or individual testing before treatment is necessary to enhance eradication.
Ten Priorities for Research Addressing the Intersections of Brain Injury, Mental Health and Addictions: A Stakeholder‐Driven Priority‐Setting Study
Authors: Kennedy Cole J. , Woodin Erica , Schmidt Julia , Biagioni Janelle Breese , Garcia‐Barrera Mauricio A.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to engage key stakeholders in a health research priority‐setting process to identify, prioritize and produce a community‐driven list of research questions addressing intersectional issues on mental health and addictions (MHA) in acquired brain injury (ABI).

Methods

A multiphasic health research priority‐setting process was co‐designed and executed with community‐based stakeholders, including researchers, health professionals, clinicians, service providers, representatives from brain injury associations, policy makers and people with lived experience of ABI and MHA, including patients and their family members. Stakeholders' ideas led to the generation of research questions, which were prioritized at a 1‐day workshop.

Results

Fifty‐nine stakeholders participated in the priority‐setting activity during the workshop, which resulted in a rank‐ordered list of the top 10 questions for research addressing the intersections of ABI and MHA. Questions identified touched on several pressing issues (e.g., opioid crisis, homelessness), encompassed multiple subtypes of ABI (e.g., hypoxic‐ischaemic, mild traumatic), and involved different domains (e.g., identification, intervention) of health research.

Conclusions

This community‐driven health research priority‐setting study identified and prioritized research questions addressing the intersections of ABI and MHA. Researchers and funding agencies should use this list to inform their agendas and address stakeholders' most urgent needs, fostering meaningful improvements to clinical services.

Patient or Public Contribution

An 11‐person working group comprised of people with lived experience, service providers, researchers, healthcare professionals and other key stakeholders collaboratively developed and informed the scope, design, methodology and interpretation of this study. Over 50 community‐based stakeholders contributed to the research priority‐setting activity. One co‐author is a person with lived experience.
The Big 4 effect for new audit services: The case of the Danish COVID‐19 fixed‐cost business‐support scheme
Authors: Holm Morten , Johansen Thomas Riise
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the Big 4 effect for a new‐to‐the‐world audit service. Based on unique data from the Danish COVID‐19 fixed cost support scheme we analyse differences in audit fees and two measures of audit quality across Big 4 and non‐Big 4 engagements. Our findings suggest that firms engaging with Big 4 auditors experience more successful outcomes in the application process and are willing to pay a Big 4 premium for comparable assurance services. Clients of Big 4 auditors are, on average, more likely to receive full compensation, and experience fewer rejections during the application process than clients of non‐Big 4 auditors. This research has implications for policymakers and companies.
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Ostomy Self‐Care Index
Authors: AVCU Çağla , Yildiz Tülin
Published: July 2024

Although stoma is often life‐saving, evacuation outside of natural ways and changes in body image negatively affect the quality of life of the individual. To our knowledge, there is no Turkish scale that evaluates the self‐care of individuals with a stoma. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Ostomy Self‐Care Index in Turkish. This is a methodological study. The study sample consisted of 253 individuals with ostomy. ‘Ostomy Individual Information Form’ and ‘Ostomy Self‐Care Index’ were used as data collection tools. Data were collected between September 2020 and January 2021 through face‐to‐face interviews conducted at two public hospitals in Turkey. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, language and content validity, confirmatory factor analysis, item analysis, internal consistency and test–retest methods were used. The content validity index was 0.99, and Cronbach's alpha was 0.949. According to confirmatory factor analysis, the goodness of fit indices were at the desired level, the factor loads of the items were between 0.575 and 0.964, and all items were included in eight sub‐dimensions in line with the original scale. As in the original version of the scale, item 18, which was not statistically significant, was excluded in the analysis and was accepted as an addition. The correlation of scale items in the test–retest was between 0.837 and 0.988. This study determined that the Ostomy Self‐Care Index is valid and reliable for measuring the self‐care of stoma patients in Turkey. This scale can be used as a guide for evaluating the self‐care of individuals with a stoma and planning their care.
Governing digital platform ecosystems for social options
Authors: Sanner Terje Aksel , Kempton Alexander Moltubakk , Russpatrick Scott , Sæbø Johan Ivar
Published: July 2024

To date, there is little insight into how digital platforms might be governed towards the creation of social value. We argue that digital platforms can contribute to the creation of social value by enabling social options. Thus, we are concerned about how digital platform ecosystems may be governed towards the enablement of social options. We report on the results from our longitudinal qualitative case study of a digital platform employed by ministries of health in more than 70 low‐ and middle‐income countries. We trace the formation and subsequent shaping of governance mechanisms employed to enable social options across national borders and domains. We develop a model of platform governance that shows how such mechanisms are shaped over time through resourcing, capacitating and purposing processes. These three processes play distinct yet complementary roles in governing for social options.
Implementing early childhood care and education policies for marginalized children: The challenge of conflicting interests among diverse governing bodies and local actors in Sri Lanka
Authors: Udayanga Samitha
Published: July 2024

The present study aimed to investigate how the presence of diverse governing bodies and local actors with conflicting interests hinders the implementation of early childhood care and education (ECCE) policies, resulting in the exclusion of children from ECCE programmes in the plantation sector, one of the most marginalized social sectors in Sri Lanka. The research employed a qualitative case study design, collecting data through in‐depth interviews (N = 29) and two focus‐group discussions. The thematic analysis revealed that child development outcomes in the estate/plantation sector are at risk primarily due to exclusion of children from ECCE programmes caused by conflicts between local governing bodies and local actors, which impede partnerships for policy implementation. The conflicting interests of diverse governing bodies and local actors at the community level act as a filter through which government‐proposed ECCE programmes are reinterpreted and ultimately rejected. The implications of the present study thus suggest that despite the restraining influence of local governing bodies and local actors, there is a potential for participatory governance that can foster collaboration between government institutions, local‐level governing bodies and local actors.
Diabetic foot self‐care knowledge and practice among patients with diabetes attending diabetic clinic in the Gambia
Authors: Omotosho Tobiloba Oyejide Alex , Sanyang Yusupha , Senghore Thomas
Published: July 2024

Diabetic foot ulcer is the most common complication causing lots of admissions among diabetic patients. Understanding patients' level of foot self‐care knowledge, practice and associated factors is important for planning interventions to control and prevent diabetic foot complications. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and practice of foot self‐care among diabetic patients attending diabetic clinics in The Gambia. Two hundred and seventeen patients attending diabetic clinics in two public hospitals were selected using a successive sampling technique. Data were collected using a validated interviewer‐administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic and clinical data. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with foot self‐care knowledge and practice. The findings showed a poor level of foot self‐care knowledge (n = 114; 52.5%) and practice (n = 149; 68.7%). Patients' educational level was statistically significantly association with diabetic foot self‐care knowledge (p = 0.02). Diabetic foot ulcer history (aOR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.08–0.63; p < 0.001), diabetic hospitalization (aOR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.23–4.75, p = 0.01) and diabetic foot care education (aOR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.39–5.06, p < 0.001) were statistically significantly associated with foot self‐care practice. The poor diabetic foot self‐care knowledge and practice among these patients emphasize the need for a diabetic health education program in these clinics.
Supporting the nutrition‐related health and well‐being of people experiencing socio‐economic disadvantage: Findings from a national survey
Authors: Vaiciurgis Verena T. , Clancy Annabel K. , Charlton Karen E. , Stefoska‐Needham Anita , Beck Eleanor J.
Published: July 2024

Background

People experiencing socio‐economic disadvantage face significantly higher rates of diet‐related health inequities. This study aimed to explore barriers, opportunities and potential solutions in providing food and nutrition services to people experiencing socio‐economic disadvantage from the perspective of services providers. The present study is part of a broad co‐design model to improve service provision for people experiencing socio‐economic disadvantage.

Methods

A cross‐sectional online survey involving 33 open and closed‐ended questions was distributed to Australian governmental and non‐governmental organisations providing nutrition‐related support to people experiencing socio‐economic disadvantage aged 16 years and over. Data were analysed using frequency distributions and conceptual content analyses.

Results

Sixty‐eight responses were analysed. Services are predominantly offered by charitable organisations (90%), funded through private donations (66%) and reliant on volunteers (100%). Barriers to supporting clients’ nutrition needs include financial constraints, limited community engagement, understaffing, insufficient resources and knowledge gaps. Opportunities and solutions for enhancing support include increasing government funding, advocacy initiatives, stronger community collaboration and more holistic, customised services. Proposed recommendations include establishing purpose‐built facilities or wrap‐around services to expand access to health services, life skills, training and educational programs.

Conclusions

Services face challenges including volunteer reliance, limited resources and inadequate government support, hindering food provision. Client barriers include transportation costs and lack of social support. With dedicated financial support, services can offer comprehensive assistance, including community spaces, staffing, health and social services and training. Community partnerships can maximise funding impact. Solutions must address overall well‐being and broader social determinants such as income inequality and housing.
Areas of endemism of the orchids of Megamexico: Hotspots of biotic interactions with pollinators
Authors: Gutiérrez–Rodríguez Brandon E. , Dáttilo Wesley , Villalobos Fabricio , Sosa Victoria
Published: July 2024

Ecological interactions and evolutionary processes in areas of endemism remain little studied despite the fact that identifying the patterns of functional signatures in areas of endemism could reveal important information regarding community assembly and functioning. Here, we investigated whether areas of endemism of the orchids of Megamexico are hotspots of biotic interactions by comparing the orchid–pollinator interactions with those of adjacent areas. Patterns of functional signatures and phylogenetic signal were estimated, using pollination syndromes as a proxy for functional attributes. Phylogenetic signal was estimated by coding pollinator groups for every orchid recorded. Metrics of the interaction networks and the phylogenetic signal were compared with those obtained from adjacent areas. Our results indicate that areas of endemism show higher significant differences in the phylogenetic signal compared with adjacent areas. This can be explained by the many distantly related orchid lineages sharing attributes related to pollination. Network size and robustness differed statistically between the areas of endemism and the adjacent areas. The same configuration of modules in interaction networks was found in the areas of endemism; however, remarkably, the composition of species in large genera differed in these areas. Areas of endemism harbor more orchid lineages that closely interact with many groups of insects. The southerly areas of endemism in Chiapas and Central America are prominent, with the most significant phylogenetic signal and networks metrics. Results indicate that areas of endemism for the orchids of Megamexico represent hotspots of biotic interactions. Strategies for conservation must take this biotic interaction into account.
A trinomial difference autoregressive process for the bounded ℤ‐valued time series
Authors: Chen Huaping , Han Zifei , Zhu Fukang
Published: July 2024

This article tackles the modeling challenge of bounded ‐valued time series by proposing a novel trinomial difference autoregressive process. This process not only maintains the autocorrelation structure presenting in the classical binomial GARCH model, but also facilitates the analysis of bounded ‐valued time series with negative or positive correlation. We verify the stationarity and ergodicity of the couple process (comprising both the observed process and its conditional mean process) while also presenting several stochastic properties. We further discuss the conditional maximum likelihood estimation and establish their asymptotic properties. The effectiveness of these estimators is assessed through simulation studies, followed by the application of the proposed models to two real datasets.
In defense of language‐independent flexibility, or: What rodents and humans can do without language
Authors: Duval Alexandre
Published: July 2024

There are two main approaches within classical cognitive science to explaining how humans can entertain mental states that integrate contents across domains. The language‐based framework states that this ability arises from higher cognitive domain‐specific systems that combine their outputs through the language faculty, whereas the language‐independent framework holds that it comes from non‐language‐involving connections between such systems. This article turns on its head the most influential empirical argument for the language‐based framework, an argument that originates from research on spatial reorientation. I make the case that neuroscientific findings about spatial reorientation in rodents and humans bolster the language‐independent framework instead.
Characteristics and Activities of Nurses in Expanded Roles Employed in Swiss Nursing Homes: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Saladino Christian , Favez Lauriane , Serdaly Christine , Ausserhofer Dietmar , De Geest Sabina , Zúñiga Franziska
Published: July 2024

Background

As the number of nursing home residents with multiple healthcare needs grows, the demand for nursing expertise increases. The implementation of new care models involving nurses with expanded roles is crucial for ensuring quality care in nursing homes.

Objectives

To investigate the characteristics and activities of nurses employed in nursing homes in expanded roles and the factors associated with variation in the activities performed.

Methods

This multicentre cross‐sectional survey in Switzerland collected data from a convenience sample of 118 nursing homes between September 2018 and October 2019. From a subsample of 62 nursing homes, we analysed the characteristics and activities of 104 nurses in expanded roles. Associations between the activities performed and the educational background of the nurses in expanded roles, their direct supervisors' positions and the presence of physicians in the nursing homes were examined.

Results

Most Registered Nurses in expanded roles were diploma educated (48%), with fewer having a bachelor's (35%) or master's degree (17%). Overall, direct clinical practice and guidance and coaching activities were conducted monthly to weekly; consultation, evidence‐based practice, collaboration and ethical decision‐making activities were conducted monthly. We saw variations where a higher educational background was associated with more frequent evidence‐based practice activities (z = 3.47, p < 0.001), and if direct supervisors were ward managers, nurses in expanded roles worked more frequently below their scope of practice (z = 4.10, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This is the first study to use Hamric's integrative Advanced Practice Nursing model to examine the activities of nurses in expanded roles in nursing homes. We found considerable variation in their activities, where nursing homes seem to adapt their roles to their educational background and the local context.

Implications for Practice

Our findings show the importance of clarifying role expectations for Registered Nurses in expanded roles, allowing them to practice at the top of the licence to meet residents' complex healthcare needs.
Inhibitory control of gait initiation in humans: An electroencephalography study
Authors: Ziri Deborah , Hugueville Laurent , Olivier Claire , Boulinguez Philippe , Gunasekaran Harish , Lau Brian , Welter Marie‐Laure , George Nathalie
Published: July 2024

Response inhibition is a crucial component of executive control. Although mainly studied in upper limb tasks, it is fully implicated in gait initiation. Here, we assessed the influence of proactive and reactive inhibitory control during gait initiation in healthy adult participants. For this purpose, we measured kinematics and electroencephalography (EEG) activity (event‐related potential [ERP] and time‐frequency data) during a modified Go/NoGo gait initiation task in 23 healthy adults. The task comprised Go‐certain, Go‐uncertain, and NoGo conditions. Each trial included preparatory and imperative stimuli. Our results showed that go‐uncertainty resulted in delayed reaction time, without any difference for the other parameters of gait initiation. Proactive inhibition, that is, Go uncertain versus Go certain conditions, influenced EEG activity as soon as the preparatory stimulus. Moreover, both proactive and reactive inhibition influenced the amplitude of the ERPs (central P1, occipito‐parietal N1, and N2/P3) and theta and alpha/low beta band activities in response to the imperative—Go‐uncertain versus Go‐certain and NoGo versus Go‐uncertain—stimuli. These findings demonstrate that the uncertainty context; induced proactive inhibition, as reflected in delayed gait initiation. Proactive and reactive inhibition elicited extended and overlapping modulations of ERP and time‐frequency activities. This study shows the protracted influence of inhibitory control in gait initiation.
A prospective study of the proteome of equine pre‐implantation embryo
Authors: Teles Filho Antônio Carlos de A. , Sanchez Deisy J. D. , Viana Arabela G. A. , Sheheryar Sheheryar , Guerreiro Denise D. , Bustamante‐Filho Ivan C. , Martins Aline M. A. , Sousa Marcelo V. , Ricart Carlos A. O. , Fontes Wagner , Moura Arlindo A.
Published: July 2024

The present study was conducted to investigate the global proteome of 8‐day‐old equine blastocysts. Follicular dynamics of eight adult mares were monitored by ultrasonography and inseminated 24 h after the detection of a preovulatory follicle. Four expanded blastocysts were recovered, pooled, and subjected to protein extraction and mass spectrometry. Protein identification was conducted based on four database searches (PEAKS, Proteome Discoverer software, SearchGUI software, and PepExplorer). Enrichment analysis was performed using g:Profiler, Panther, and String platforms. After the elimination of identification redundancies among search tools (at three levels, based on identifiers, peptides, and cross‐database mapping), 1977 proteins were reliably identified in the samples of equine embryos. Proteomic analysis unveiled robust metabolic activity in the 8‐day equine embryo, highlighted by an abundance of proteins engaged in key metabolic pathways like the TCA cycle, ATP biosynthesis, and glycolysis. The prevalence of chaperones among highly abundant proteins suggests that regulation of protein folding, and degradation is a key process during embryo development. These findings pave the way for developing new strategies to improve equine embryo media and optimize in vitro fertilization techniques.
Navigating parenthood in the face of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A qualitative exploration of partner experiences
Authors: Bergem Anne Kristine , Aamotsmo Trude
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Among people diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), there are parents with children living at home. Children in families experiencing severe illness are exposed to stress and health risks. Since 2010, healthcare personnel in Norway must assess whether patients have children under 18 years of age and make sure the children's needs for support are met. A child's ability to cope with family life affected by a serious illness depends on how the parent without the disease manages the situation. Little is known about how the partner of someone affected by ALS manages being next of kin and a parent simultaneously, and what kind of support they need.

Methods

During 2021–2022, six semi‐structured interviews were conducted with partners to persons with ALS, whom had children living at home. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed through qualitative content analysis.

Results

Three themes with subthemes emerged: (1) Together, yet alone; (a) restricted home life, (b) missing the sharing of responsibilities and tasks as equal parents, and (c) caught between children's and partner's needs; (2) Experience of coping while waiting for death; (a) cherishing the moments, (b) sense of coping and concern, and (c) ensuring to get recharged; and (3) Support in times of need; (a) difficult to ask the network for help and (b) the healthcare system does not see the whole family.

Conclusions

Our respondents felt alone, caught between the needs of their children and partner, without necessary support from the services, and were left to handle everyday life with all new challenges on their own. Future healthcare services need to consider the challenges faced by families dealing with life‐limiting illnesses. A family‐focused perspective is needed, so is peer support and interventions that address both emotional and practical aspects of life with an ill partner.
Minimax rate of estimation for invariant densities associated to continuous stochastic differential equations over anisotropic Hölder classes
Authors: Amorino Chiara , Gloter Arnaud
Published: July 2024

We study the problem of the nonparametric estimation for the density of the stationary distribution of a ‐dimensional stochastic differential equation . From the continuous observation of the sampling path on , we study the estimation of as goes to infinity. For , we characterize the minimax rate for the ‐risk in pointwise estimation over a class of anisotropic Hölder functions with regularity . For , our finding is that, having ordered the smoothness such that , the minimax rate depends on whether or . In the first case, this rate is , and in the second case, it is , where is an explicit exponent dependent on the dimension and , the harmonic mean of smoothness over the directions after excluding and , the smallest ones. We also demonstrate that kernel‐based estimators achieve the optimal minimax rate. Furthermore, we propose an adaptive procedure for both integrated and pointwise risk. In the two‐dimensional case, we show that kernel density estimators achieve the rate , which is optimal in the minimax sense. Finally we illustrate the validity of our theoretical findings by proposing numerical results.
Hurdle GARCH models for nonnegative time series
Authors: Hudecová Šárka , Pešta Michal
Published: July 2024

The studied semi‐continuous time series contains a nonnegligible portion of observations equal to a single value (typically zero), whereas the remaining outcomes are strictly positive. A novel class of hurdle GARCH models having dependent zero occurrences is considered and the classical maximum likelihood estimation is employed. However, a distribution of the underlying time series innovations does not belong into the exponential family, which together with the dependence of innovations makes the whole inference nonstandard. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator are derived. Efficiency of the estimation is elaborated and compared with the alternative quasi‐likelihood approach. A bootstrap prediction is also discussed. An analysis of sparse nonlife insurance claims is performed.
Exploring Firm Decision‐Making and Location Strategies in High‐Tech Manufacturing Relocation in Beijing: A Lifecycle Perspective
Authors: Zhang Peiyuan , Li Jiaming , Zhang Wenzhong
Published: July 2024

Over the years, much research has focused on industrial relocations between countries resulting from globalisation and industrial modernisation. However, the relocation decisions of individual firms within metropolitan areas remain an insufficiently studied aspect of the relocation literature. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the relocation intentions and locations of high‐tech manufacturing firms at various stages of development in Beijing from the firm life cycle perspective. The results show that larger firms with more employees and higher property income are more willing to relocate. Interestingly, smaller firms do not follow the incubator theory, instead relocating to non‐agglomerated areas. As firms grow, however, they tend to move to areas with higher firm concentration. This indicates that not all industrial clusters in cities function as business incubators. Furthermore, it also confirms the influence of rootedness, regional accessibility and regional policies on the relocation of firms.
Combination of hyperspectral and LiDAR for aboveground biomass estimation using machine learning
Authors: Nik Effendi Nik Ahmad Faris , Mohd Zaki Nurul Ain , Abd Latif Zulkiflee , Abdul Khanan Mohd Faisal
Published: July 2024

The increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is due to carbon dioxide (CO2), which has affected climate change. Therefore, the forest plays an essential role in carbon storage which absorbs the CO2 and releases oxygen (O2) to stabilize the earth's ecosystem. This research aims to estimate aboveground biomass (AGB) using a combination of airborne hyperspectral and LiDAR data with field observation in a tropical forest. The objective of this study is to test the ability of vegetation indices and topographic features derived from hyperspectral and LiDAR data using machine learning for AGB estimation and to identify the best machine learning algorithms for estimating AGB in tropical forest. In this research, artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF) algorithm were used to predict the AGB using different models with different combinations of variables. During model selection, the best model fit was selected by calculating statistical parameters such as the residual of the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). Based on the statistical indicators, the most suitable model is Model 4 using anRF algorithm with mtry = p, and a combination of field observation, LiDAR, hyperspectral, vegetation indices (VIs), and topography. This model produced R2 = 0.997 and RMSE = 30.653 kg/tree. Therefore, using a combination of field observation and remote sensing data with machine learning techniques is reliable in forest management to estimate AGB in tropical forest.
Limitations in human auditory spectral analysis at high frequencies
Authors: Guest Daniel R. , Rajappa Neha , Oxenham Andrew J.
Published: July 2024

Humans are adept at identifying spectral patterns, such as vowels, in different rooms, at different sound levels, or produced by different talkers. How this feat is achieved remains poorly understood. Two psychoacoustic analogs of spectral pattern recognition are spectral profile analysis and spectrotemporal ripple direction discrimination. This study tested whether pattern-recognition abilities observed previously at low frequencies are also observed at extended high frequencies. At low frequencies (center frequency ∼500 Hz), listeners were able to achieve accurate profile-analysis thresholds, consistent with prior literature. However, at extended high frequencies (center frequency ∼10 kHz), listeners' profile-analysis thresholds were either unmeasurable or could not be distinguished from performance based on overall loudness cues. A similar pattern of results was observed with spectral ripple discrimination, where performance was again considerably better at low than at high frequencies. Collectively, these results suggest a severe deficit in listeners' ability to analyze patterns of intensity across frequency in the extended high-frequency region that cannot be accounted for by cochlear frequency selectivity. One interpretation is that the auditory system is not optimized to analyze such fine-grained across-frequency profiles at extended high frequencies, as they are not typically informative for everyday sounds.
Learning effects in speech-in-noise tasks: Effect of masker modulation and masking release
Authors: Lie Sisi , Zekveld Adriana A. , Smits Cas , Kramer Sophia E. , Versfeld Niek J.
Published: July 2024

Previous research has shown that learning effects are present for speech intelligibility in temporally modulated (TM) noise, but not in stationary noise. The present study aimed to gain more insight into the factors that might affect the time course (the number of trials required to reach stable performance) and size [the improvement in the speech reception threshold (SRT)] of the learning effect. Two hypotheses were addressed: (1) learning effects are present in both TM and spectrally modulated (SM) noise and (2) the time course and size of the learning effect depend on the amount of masking release caused by either TM or SM noise. Eighteen normal-hearing adults (23–62 years) participated in SRT measurements, in which they listened to sentences in six masker conditions, including stationary, TM, and SM noise conditions. The results showed learning effects in all TM and SM noise conditions, but not for the stationary noise condition. The learning effect was related to the size of masking release: a larger masking release was accompanied by an increased time course of the learning effect and a larger learning effect. The results also indicate that speech is processed differently in SM noise than in TM noise.
Complete genome sequence of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strain NCTR 501 isolated from the inner ear of a laboratory mouse (
Mus musculus
) diagnosed with otitis media
Authors: Kim Sung Guk , Wang Sharon X. , Foley Steve L.
Published: July 2024

We report the circularized 6,427,509-bp genome of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
isolated from the inner ear of a laboratory mouse (
Mus musculus
) diagnosed with otitis media. The genome of
P. aeruginosa
NCTR 501 has a circular chromosome of 6,420,288 bp and two plasmids of 4,042 and 3,179 bp, respectively.
Eight genome sequences of bacterial, environmental isolates from Canada Glacier, Antarctica
Authors: Smith Heidi J. , Dieser Markus , Foreman Christine M.
Published: July 2024

Sediments in cryoconite holes and meltwater streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, provide both substrates and conditions that support life in an arid polar desert. Here, we report the genomic sequences of eight environmental, bacterial isolates from Canada Glacier cryoconite holes and stream. These isolates span three major phyla.
Unraveling the association between gut microbiota and chemotherapy efficacy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Jia Zixuan , Liu Xiufeng , Liao Wei
Published: July 2024

Emerging evidence has underscored the complex link between gut microbiota and chemotherapy efficacy; however, establishing causality remains elusive due to confounding factors. This study, leveraging bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, explores the casual relationship between gut microbiota and chemotherapy efficacy. Utilizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from the MiBioGen consortium for gut microbiota and IEU Open GWAS for chemotherapy efficacy, we employed genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, weighted median estimator (WME), and MR-Egger regression method were applied, with sensitivity analyses ensuring robustness. Furthermore, we conducted reverse MR analyses between chemotherapy efficacy and identified significant gut microbial taxa. The results indicated that
genus Butyricicoccus
(OR = 3.7908, 95% CI: 1.4464–9.9350,
P
= 0.01),
Dorea
(OR = 3.3295, 95% CI: 1.2794–8.6643,
P
= 0.01),
Hungatella
(OR = 2.6284, 95% CI: 1.0548–6.5498,
P
= 0.04), and
Turicibacter
(OR = 2.5694, 95% CI: 1.0392–6.3526,
P
= 0.04) were positively associated with chemotherapy efficacy using the IVW method. Conversely,
family Porphyromonadaceae
(OR = 0.2283, 95% CI: 0.0699–0.7461,
P
= 0.01) and
genus Eggerthella
(OR = 0.4953, 95% CI: 0.2443–1.0043,
P
= 0.05) exhibited negative associations. WME demonstrated consistent results with IVW method only for
genus Eggerthella
(OR = 0.3343, 95% CI: 0.1298–0.8610,
P
= 0.02). No significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was observed. Reverse MR analyses revealed no significant causal effect of chemotherapy on identified gut microbiota. This study sheds light on the intricate relationship between gut microbiota, with a particular emphasis on the
genus Eggerthella
, and chemotherapy efficacy, offering valuable insights for refining cancer treatment strategies.

IMPORTANCE

Global advancements in cancer treatment, particularly in chemotherapy, have notably decreased mortality rates in recent years. However, the correlation between gut microbiota and chemotherapy efficacy remains elusive. Our study, emphasizing the role of
genus Eggerthella
, represented a crucial advance in elucidating this intricate interplay. The identified associations offer potential therapeutic targets, contributing to global efforts for enhanced treatment precision and improved patient outcomes. Furthermore, our findings hold promise for personalized therapeutic interventions, shaping improved strategies in the ever-evolving landscape of cancer treatment.