bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discurso de ódio
Authors: Harff Graziela , Schenk Duque Marcelo
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o contexto do direito comparado e brasileiro em relação ao discurso de ódio, a fim de que contribuições possam ser trazidas para o direito brasileiro. Nessa senda, serão analisados o direito americano em contraste com o europeu e, em especial, o alemão, quanto à matéria. A metodologia do trabalho é comparativa, com ênfase dogmática e jurisprudencial. Ainda, os resultados dizem respeito à grande diferença existente os sistemas jurídicos no tratamento do discurso de ódio, havendo uma proeminência no caso americano da liberdade de expressão e no europeu uma maior preocupação com o resguardo dos direitos fundamentais. Assim, a liberdade de expressão no sistema norte-americano é um direito sujeito a poucos limites, construídas principalmente pela jurisprudência. Por outro lado, o sistema europeu, em geral, preza pelo resguardo dos direitos fundamentais das vítimas, o que faz com que a liberdade de expressão venha a encontrar diversos limites em prol de outros bens jurídico-constitucionais
Le recours au numérique a-t-il un effet sur la dynamique motivationnelle et émotions des élèves au cours de néerlandais ? Le cas de Kahoot !
Authors: Anckaert Philippe , Dachet Dylan , Herbinaux Nadège , Romero-Muñoz Eloy
Published: December 2020

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude longitudinale, avec prétest et posttest, sur la motivation des élèves au cours de néerlandais. Plus spécifiquement, l’étude a analysé l’effet de l’utilisation de Kahoot!, une application interactive et ludique de questions-réponses, sur la dynamique motivationnelle et les émotions positives ressenties au cours de néerlandais langue étrangère. Les données, recueillies dans trois classes de l’enseignement secondaire de la Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles (n=53), indiquent un léger affaiblissement de la dynamique motivationnelle entre le début de l’année scolaire et les examens organisés à la fin du premier semestre. Si les résultats devaient être confirmés lors d’une réplication de l’étude menée dans des conditions différentes, il conviendrait de reconsidérer le potentiel du numérique dans la perspective d’une ludification du processus d’apprentissage, et en particulier son rôle de levier efficace sur le plan de la dynamique motivationnelle des élèves au cours de néerlandais langue étrangère. Ces réserves concordent avec les travaux de Glover et al. (2016) et Kolb (2017) qui suggèrent de ne pas chercher dans le seul outil numérique un vecteur de modification cognitive ou motivationnelle profonde.
Le mot de la rédaction
Authors: Meunier Fanny , Dufays Jean-Louis
Published: December 2020

Le mot de la rédaction
Assessing Fish to School Programs at 2 School Districts in Oregon
Authors:   Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Virta Addison , Love David
Published: December 2020

Objective: Farm to school (FTS) programs provide many established benefits to students and the community; however, fish to school programs are a less studied subset of FTS. The objective was to identify how fish to school programs are implemented, their impacts, and the enabling factors to support these programs. Methods: We conducted formative research and interviewed stakeholders from 2 school districts in Oregon in 2019. Results: Interviewees reported benefits of connecting students and the larger school community with local food and creating excitement from new lunch offerings. Factors that facilitated fish to school programs included strong program leaders and partnerships, FTS grant funding, and the creative use of resources. Challenges in maintaining the program included sustainable program funding, seafood distribution networks, recipe development, and higher cost per serving of seafood compared to other proteins. Conclusions: Resources exist for school professionals interested in starting or sustaining fish to school programs. These programs are difficult to launch and sustain, and thus, require many forms of support (institutional, financial, industry, culinary, etc) and benefit from innovations like fish to school aggregators and product development such as pre-prepared fish options.
Why it is Important for School-age Children to Have Breakfast – A Commentary
Authors:   IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", Rutigliano Irene , De Filippo Gianpaolo , Campanozzi Angelo
Published: December 2020

Objectives: In this commentary we emphasize the importance of breakfast for children, both from the point of view of proper nutritional education and as a strategy for the prevention of obesity. Methods: We reviewed the international literature, drawing particularly on information regarding the possible negative effects of skipping breakfast. Results: Obese children often do not eat breakfast and may face metabolic problems such as insulin resistance and hypercholesterolemia. The child who does not eat breakfast often becomes an adult who does not eat breakfast. The role of parents is fundamental in the acquisition of correct eating habits. Conclusions: The awareness that habits during childhood become elements of everyday life in adulthood, makes us understand the importance of the long-term consequences of skipping breakfast during childhood and adolescence.
Raw materials curricula and sustainable development: Assessment of curricula towards the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Pacher Corina , Valakas George , Adam Katerina
Published: December 2020

The project Enhancing the skills of ESEE RM students towards the achievement of SDGs(EnActSDGs) aims to establish an action plan for the realignment of the current raw materials curricula of three universities in East and Southeast Europe towards the incorporation of the sustainable
development principles into their educational programs. The action plan will be based on the educational needs of the raw materials sector as defined by academia and students, industry, and professionals. The authors present a preliminary assessment of the three universities’ study programs
by using a set of assessment criteria defined in cooperation with selected stakeholders.
Humanökologie der Krisen: Systemische Annäherungen an COVID-19
Authors: Tretter Felix , Reichel Christian
Published: December 2020

Die COVID-19-Pandemie perturbiert alle gesellschaftlichen Sektoren und führt eindrücklich vor Augen, dass sie miteinander verwoben sind. Dieser Prozess lässt sich gut als Verhältnis von Resilienz und Vulnerabilität der Teilsysteme begreifen. Aus aktuellen human
ökologischen Diskursen mit systemtheoretischem Fokus leiten wir zwei Rahmenmodel le zum Struktur- und Prozessverständnis der Pandemie und ihrer Effekte ab und stellen sie hier zur Diskussion.
Bioremediation of Tofu Industrial Wastewater Using Anaerobic-Aerobic Solution of EM4
Authors: Deffy Trisca , Nilandita Widya , Munfarida Ida
Published: December 2020

This research using a bioremediation treatment process with anaerobic-aerobic system by mixing tofu liquid waste and EM4 solution into the reactor. The variation of EM4 solution that will be used in this research is 1/20 of concentration with 1/10 of concentration and detention time. This research was conducted for 8 days. The result showed that EM4 solution was able to reduce BOD, COD, and TSS by usinng variations in concentration and detention time. The most significant decrease in BOD, COD, adn TSS levels occured on the 8 day. BOD levels for the first reactor at a concentration of 1/10 with a removal efficiency of 48,98% and a second reactor with  removal efficiency of 48,98%. For the 1/20 concentration the removal efficiency was 37,33% and in second reactor the removal efficiency was 37,34%. COD levels for the first reactor at a concentration of 1/10 with a removal efficiency of 61,82% and a second reacotor with removal efficiency of 62,10%. For the 1/20 concentration the removal efficiency was 30,39% an in second reactor the removal efficiency was 34,98%. TSS levels for the first reactor at a concentration 1/20 with removal efficiency of 41,17% and in the second reactor the removal efficiency of 43,59%. At 1/20 concentration the removal efficiency of TSS levels was 1,02% in the first reactor and in the second reactor the removal efficiancy was 5,10%. Bioremediation using EM4 solution can be used to reduce levels of BOD, COD, and TSS of tofu liquid waste according to the applicable quality standards
Может ли стать метареалистский текст привлекательным для студентов вуза?
Authors: Grominová Andrea
Published: December 2020

The poetry of metarealism is considered the poetry of the complexity of perception, interpretation, understanding, not only for students, but also for the researchers and literary critics themselves. The rich use of metametaphors, or the metabol, and their sequential accumulation makes it difficult to decode individual images and the meaning of the whole poem. Poetic texts of this kind, in addition, require their readers to have a general outlook on knowledge of history, culture, literature, technology, etc. Deciphering the meaning often resembles solving crosswords. To motivate university students studying Russian as a foreign language to read and understand the poetry of metarealism, one needs to arouse interest among them. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to show the diverse use of information technology in the classroom on Russian literature, and more specifically in seminars on modern Russian literature to draw attention to metarealist poetry.
In Vitro Lead Tolerance Testing in White Poplar Genotypes on Acidic Medium
Authors: Kovačević Branislav , Tišma Gordana , Nikolić Nataša , Milović Marina , Vuksanović Vanja , Orlović Saša
Published: December 2020

This study evaluates in vitro tolerance of white poplar genotypes to the presence of lead in an acidic rooting medium. Lead was supplemented in form of Pb(NO3)2, in the following concentrations: 0 M (Control), 10-6 M, 10-5 M, 10-4 M and 10-3 M. After four weeks of cultivation, the following characters were measured: number of roots, the length of the longest root, the shoot height, dry root mass and dry shoot mass, and parameters related to photosynthetic pigments: content of chlorophyll a, b, a+b, and of carotenoids in fresh mass, as well as chlorophyll a/b ratio. For further statistical analysis, tolerance indices by Turner and Marshal (TI) were calculated for each measured character. The strongest inhibitory effect was achieved on the medium with 10-4 M Pb(NO3)2, but the best differentiation between genotypes was achieved on the medium with 10-5 M Pb(NO3)2. The highest tolerance indices for the length of the longest root and shoot height had genotypes L-12 and LBM, and for root and shoot dry mass genotypes LCM and L-12. There were no significant differences between genotypes in tolerance indices by any of the examined photosynthetic parameters. The obtained results suggest that both low pH and the presence of citric acid as chelating agent improved evaluation of lead tolerance in comparison with the results obtained on media with standard pH and without citric acid in similar studies. In vitro tests on acidic medium with citric acid can efficiently differentiate examined genotypes for lead tolerance, which could be important for their use in phytoextraction projects, especially on acidic soils.
Who Are the Visitors of Forest Park Grmoščica and What Are Their Needs? Results of Quantitative Exploratory Survey
Authors: Kičić Martina , Vuletić Dijana , Krajter Ostoić Silvija , Šimpraga Sergej , Matošević Ninoslav , Kaliger Ivana , Marin Ana Marija
Published: December 2020

Forest Park Grmoščica is an important part of urban green infrastructure for the citizens of the western part of the city of Zagreb. To enhance the quality of management of the forest park to the satisfaction of its daily users, it is important to know their socio-demographic characteristics, visiting behaviour, recreational activities, as well as their perception of the forest park. The survey for users of the Forest Park Grmoščica was developed within the INTERREG DANUBE’s URBforDAN project. It was filled out by visitors of the forest park using on-site face-to-face method and was also available online. The results of the survey provided information about the users of the Forest Park Grmoščica, their socio-demographic data, visiting habits and perception. Also, the typology of users was given depending on the activities they undertake in the forest park (cyclists, joggers, visitors who spend time in Forest Park Grmoščica with their families, and pet walkers) and their main characteristics. The obtained data can improve the management of the Forest Park Grmoščica in such a way that it fulfils its social and ecological function and is adapted to the needs of its users.
Limited Sensitivity of Hippocampal Synaptic Function or Network Oscillations to Unmodulated Kilohertz Electric Fields
Authors: Esmaeilpour Zeinab , Jackson Mark , Kronberg Greg , Zhang Tianhe , Esteller Rosana , Hershey Brad , Bikson Marom
Published: December 2020

Understanding the cellular mechanisms of kilohertz (kHz) electrical stimulation is of broad interest in neuromodulation including forms of transcranial electrical stimulation, interferential stimulation, and high-rate spinal cord stimulation (SCS). Yet, the well-established low-pass filtering by neuronal membranes suggests minimal neuronal polarization in respond to charge-balanced kHz stimulation. The hippocampal brain slice model is among the most studied systems in neuroscience and exhaustively characterized in screening the effects of electrical stimulation. High-frequency electric fields of varied amplitudes (1–150 V/m), waveforms (sinusoidal, symmetrical pule, asymmetrical pulse) and frequencies (1 and10 kHz) were tested. Changes in single or paired-pulse field EPSPs (fEPSP) in CA1 were measured in response to radial-directed and tangential-directed electric fields, with brief (30 s) or long (30 min) application times. The effects of kHz stimulation on ongoing endogenous network activity were tested in carbachol-induced γ oscillation of CA3a and CA3c. Across 23 conditions evaluated, no significant changes in fEPSP were resolved, while responses were detected for within-slice control direct current (DC) fields; 1-kHz sinusoidal and pulse stimulation (≥60 V/m), but not 10 kHz, induced changes in oscillating neuronal network. We thus report no responses to low-amplitude 1-kHz or any 10-kHz fields, suggesting that any brain sensitivity to these fields is via yet to be-determined mechanism(s) of action which were not identified in our experimental preparation.
Spatial distribution of epifaunal communities in the Hudson Bay system
Authors: Pierrejean Marie , Babb David G. , Maps Frédéric , Nozais Christian , Archambault Philippe
Published: December 2020

The seasonal sea ice cover and the massive influx of river runoff into the Hudson Bay System (HBS) of the Canadian Arctic are critical factors influencing biological production and, ultimately, the dynamics and structure of benthic communities in the region. This study provides the most recent survey of epibenthic communities in Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait and explores their relationships with environmental variables, including mean annual primary production and particulate organic carbon in surface water, bottom oceanographic variables, and substrate type. Epibenthic trawl samples were collected at 46 stations, with a total of 380 epibenthic taxa identified, representing 71% of the estimated taxa within the system. Three communities were defined based on biomass and taxonomic composition. Ordination analyses showed them to be associated primarily with substrate type, salinity, and annual primary production. A first community, associated with coarse substrate, was distributed along the coastlines and near the river mouths. This community was characterized by the lowest density and taxonomic richness and the highest biomass of filter and suspension feeders. A second community, composed mostly of deposit feeders and small abundant epibenthic organisms, was associated with soft substrate and distributed in the deepest waters. A third community, associated with mixed substrate and mostly located near polynyas, was characterized by high diversity and biomass, with no clearly dominant taxon. The overall analysis indicated that bottom salinity and surface-water particulate organic carbon content were the main environmental drivers of these epibenthic community patterns. In the face of climate change, projections of increased river inflow and a longer open water season for the HBS could have major impacts on these epibenthic communities, emphasizing a need to continually improve our ability to evaluate and predict shifts in epibenthic richness and distribution.
Performativity of expectations
Authors: Yamaguchi Tomiko
Published: December 2020

The discovery of CRISPR/Cas9 has drawn attention to gene editing technologies that enable genetic material to be added, removed, or altered at particular locations in the genome. Applied to plant modification, gene editing technologies are expected to improve crop productivity and profitability, quality, food safety, and the environment, while also enabling breeders to develop entirely new varieties. Excitement about these technologies spread quickly from the global to national arenas and from the scientific community to industry and to policy makers. However, this enthusiasm stands in counterpoint to the public’s deep skepticism about genetically modified foods. Drawing ideas from the idea of performativity of expectations, this article examines the social dynamics through which the new field of plant gene editing technologies has emerged in Japan by looking into the ways in which this new field is framed, understood, and envisaged in science policy documents and how the promises made in these documents serve to attract the interest of necessary allies, drawing resources, and forming sociotechnical networks, while also impeding the emergence of a counternarrative. This article uses varying sources to answer its research questions, including science policy texts and other types of archival records, such as meeting agendas and minutes, slides, parliamentary records, and specialized magazine articles. In addition, a series of participant observations took place at a range of meetings such as science policy working groups and public forums. The study found that even though genetically modified organisms stand as a political antecedent to gene editing, and thus could have interfered with the formation of this new field, collective frameworks grounded in epistemic nationalism facilitated the research and development of gene editing technologies, with material effects such as attracting institutional support and funding.
High-resolution spatial and temporal measurements of particulate organic carbon flux using thorium-234 in the northeast Pacific Ocean during the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing field campaign
Authors: Buesseler Ken O. , Benitez-Nelson Claudia R. , Roca-Martí Montserrat , Wyatt Abigale M. , Resplandy Laure , Clevenger Samantha J. , Drysdale Jessica A. , Estapa Margaret L. , Pike Steven , Umhau Blaire P.
Published: December 2020

The EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) program of National Aeronautics and Space Administration focuses on linking remotely sensed properties from satellites to the mechanisms that control the transfer of carbon from surface waters to depth. Here, the naturally occurring radionuclide thorium-234 was used as a tracer of sinking particle flux. More than 950 234Th measurements were made during August–September 2018 at Ocean Station Papa in the northeast Pacific Ocean. High-resolution vertical sampling enabled observations of the spatial and temporal evolution of particle flux in Lagrangian fashion. Thorium-234 profiles were remarkably consistent, with steady-state (SS) 234Th fluxes reaching 1,450 ± 300 dpm m−2 d−1 at 100 m. Nonetheless, 234Th increased by 6%–10% in the upper 60 m during the cruise, leading to consideration of a non-steady-state (NSS) model and/or horizontal transport, with NSS having the largest impact by decreasing SS 234Th fluxes by 30%. Below 100 m, NSS and SS models overlapped. Particulate organic carbon (POC)/234Th ratios decreased with depth in small (1–5 μm) and mid-sized (5–51 μm) particles, while large particle (>51 μm) ratios remained relatively constant, likely influenced by swimmer contamination. Using an average SS and NSS 234Th flux and the POC/234Th ratio of mid-sized particles, we determined a best estimate of POC flux. Maximum POC flux was 5.5 ± 1.7 mmol C m−2 d−1 at 50 m, decreasing by 70% at the base of the primary production zone (117 m). These results support earlier studies that this site is characterized by a modest biological carbon pump, with an export efficiency of 13% ± 5% (POC flux/net primary production at 120 m) and 39% flux attenuation in the subsequent 100 m (POC flux 220 m/POC flux 120m). This work sets the foundation for understanding controls on the biological carbon pump during this EXPORTS campaign.
The textbook analysis on students’ book of Symphony 1 English course book for Senior High School Grade X viewed from higher order thinking skills
Authors: Sari Riski Norita , Sakhiyya Zulfa
Published: December 2020

This study analyzes an English Course textbook entitled Symphony to find out to what extent higher and lower order level thinking is used in the reading tasks. The questions central in this study are:  how the composition and to what extent are reading tasks on the Symphony 1 Course Book for Senior High School contribute to build students’ Higher Order Thinking Skill? This descriptive qualitative research  also adopted  the cognitive process of Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy as the instrument. Cognitive levels used for this research were remembering, understanding, applying, analysing, evaluating and creating. Then, the researcher calculated the percentage and frequencies the cognitive level appearances from the total questions analysed. Then questions indicated of HOTS were analysed again by using instruments from Keshta and Sheif (2013) to know the variety of questions found in the textbook. The results showed that Lower Order Thinking Skills (LOTS) dominate the reading tasks of the textbook. It shows LOTS were found 63% while HOTS 37%. It can be concluded that HOTS dominate the  textbook which discourages students to think critically. Based on the findings, it is recommended that textbook writers need to advance HOTS in order to develop students’ critical thinking skills.
Students’ perception on the use of android-based exam browser to assess final examination
Authors: Fegasanti Prahda Alifa , Priyatmojo Arif Suryo
Published: December 2020

This final project was a study about the students’ perception toward the use of Android-based Exam Browser as the medium for assess final examination in SMK Negeri 3 Magelang. The objective of this study was to find out the students’ perception whether it was positive or negative toward the use of Android-based Exam Browser as the medium to assess final examination in SMK Negeri 3 Magelang, This study was employed qualitative survey design in which the data of the students’ perception on the use of Android based Exam Browser as the medium to assess final examination were obtained by questionnaire, interview, and also observation. This research shared questionnaires to 33 students. The questionnaire was a close-ended question. Thirty-three students of SMK Negeri 3 Magelang were the participants of this study. Based on the findings of the study, 75,8 % of the students give a positive perception about Android based Exam Browser. The students believed that Android based Exam Browser was a useful, clear, and understandable platform for conducting online examination and it gave some positive impacts such as improving students’ speed in answering the questions, improving students’ performance in the test, and helping them to answer the exam easily.
Mass Transfer in Electroslag Processes with Consumable Electrode and Liquid Metal
Authors: Stovpchenko G. P. , Sybir A. V. , Polishko G. O. , Medovar L. B. , Gusiev Ya. V.
Published: December 2020

Experimental and numerical comparisons of mass transfer processes during the electroslag remelting with consumable electrode (ESR) and electroslag refining with liquid metal (ESR LM) showed their identical refining capacity, despite the smaller both the slag–metal contact surface (twice) and metal overheat (by 70–95 K) in the latter case. As revealed, due to effect of metal movement inside the liquid metal drop, it moves in liquid slag faster than a solid particle of the same diameter. Under comparable conditions, it is experimentally confirmed that desulphurization at the ESR takes place mainly on the contact surface between the slag and metal baths, but not in the liquid metal film at the tip of a consumable electrode.
The Role of Technological Process in Structural Performances of Quasi-Crystalline Al–Fe–Cr Alloy
Authors: Byakova O. V. , Vlasov A. O. , Scheretskiy O. A. , Yurkova O. I.
Published: December 2020

The present study emphasizes the role of processing strategy in terms of its effect on structural performances, heat-treatment response, and mechanical behaviour of quasi-crystalline Al–Fe–Cr-based alloy with nominal composition Al94Fe3Cr3. Several kinds of semi-products and bulk-shaped materials, all processed with Al94Fe3Cr3 alloy, have been produced using rapid solidification by melt spinning, powder atomization, hot extrusion, and cold-spraying, respectively. All kinds of semi-products and bulk-shaped materials comprised nanosize quasi-crystalline particles of i-phase, all embedded in α-Al matrix, although fraction volume of quasi-crystals and other structural parameters were rather different and dependent on processing route. In particular, cold-spraying technique was believed to give essential advantage in retaining quasi-crystalline particles contained by feedstock powder as compared to currently employed hot extrusion. Crucial role of nanosize quasi-crystalline particles in structural performances and superior combination of high strength and sufficient ductility of ternary Al–Fe–Cr alloy was justified over evolution of mechanical properties under heating. In this aim, evolution of the structure and mechanical properties of each kind of Al94Fe3Cr3 alloy in response to heat treatment was examined and discussed by considering the classical strengthening mechanisms. A set of mechanical characteristics including microhardness, HV, yield stress, σy, Young’s modulus, E, and plasticity characteristic δH/δA was determined by indentation technique and used in consideration. Strength properties (HV, σy, E) and plasticity characteristic (δH/δA) of cold-sprayed Al94Fe3Cr3 alloy were revealed to be much higher than those provided by currently employed hot extrusion. The important point concerns the fact that cold-sprayed Al94Fe3Cr3 alloy kept almost stable values of mechanical properties at least up to 350 °C, suggesting potential application of this material in engineering practice under intermediate temperature.
Martensitic αʺ-Fe16N2-Type Phase of Non-Stoichiometric Composition: Current Status of Research and Microscopic Statistical-Thermodynamic Model
Authors:   G. V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics of the N.A.S. of Ukraine, Radchenko Taras , Gatsenko Oleksandr ,   G. V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics of the N.A.S. of Ukraine, Lizunov Vyacheslav ,   G. V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics of the N.A.S. of Ukraine, Tatarenko Valentyn ,   G. V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics of the N.A.S. of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The literature (experimental and theoretical) data on the tetragonality of martensite with interstitial–substitutional alloying elements and vacancies are reviewed and analysed. Special attention is paid to the studying the martensitic αʺ-Fe16N2-type phase with unique and promising magnetic properties as an alternative to the rare-earth intermetallics or permendur on the world market of the production of permanent magnets. The period since its discovery to the current status of research is covered. A statistical-thermodynamic model of ‘hybrid’ interstitial–substitutional solid solution based on a b.c.t. crystal lattice, where the alloying non-metal constituents (impurity atoms) can occupy both interstices and vacant sites of the host b.c.c.(t.)-lattice, is elaborated. The discrete (atomic-crystalline) lattice structure, the anisotropy of elasticity, and the ‘blocking’ and strain-induced (including ‘size’) effects in the interatomic interactions are taken into account. The model is adapted for the non-stoichiometric phase of Fe–N martensite maximally ordered by analogy with αʺ-Fe16N2, where nitrogen atoms are in the interstices and at the sites of b.c.t. iron above the Curie point. It is stressed an importance of adequate data on the available (in the literature) temperature- and concentration-dependent microscopic energy parameters of the interactions of atoms and vacancies. The features of varying (viz. non-monotonic decreasing with increasing temperature) the relative concentration of N atoms in the octahedral interstices of b.c.t. Fe, and therefore, the degree of its tetragonality (correlating with this concentration) are elucidated. Within the wide range of varying the total content of introduced N atoms, the ratio of the equilibrium concentration of residual site vacancies to the concentration of thermally activated vacancies in a pure b.c.c. Fe is demonstrated at a fixed temperature.
RELASI ANTARA MUSLIM DENGAN NON MUSLIM
Authors: Rahman Andi
Published: December 2020

Relasi Antara Muslim Dengan Non Muslim. sejarah tentang hubungan Nabi Muhammad dan umat Islam dengan kaum Nashrani dan Yahudi.Nyata bahwa Islam mengakui pluralitas agama dan tidak melakukan pemaksaan dalam berdakwah. Islam tidak datang untuk menghabisi dan memusnahkan agama lain, melainkan agar para pemeluk agama saling hidup damai berdampingan dan bekerja sama. Terlebih dalam masalah interaksi sosial (mu'amalah) dan pergaulan sehari-hari dengan orang kafir, Islam mengajarkan keluwesan dan sikap saling menghargai
PENTINGNYA MELATIH KEMANDIRIAN ANAK
Authors: Sa’diyah Rika
Published: December 2020

Pentingnya Melatih Kemandirian Anak. Faktor penting dalam tumbuh kembang anak salah satunya adalah kemandirian. Anak yang memiliki kemandirian dalam kegiatan belajar terlihat aktif, memiliki ketekunan dan inisiatif dalam mengerjakan tugas-tugas, menguasai strategi-strategi dalam belajar, memiliki tanggung jawab, mampu mengatur perilaku dan kognisinya serta memiliki kayakinan diri. Kemandirian merupakan kemampuan untuk mengarahkan dan mengendalikan diri sendiri dalam berpikir dan bertindak, serta tidak merasa bergantung pada orang lain secara emosional, dalam arti anak yang mandiri tidak akan tergantung pada bantuan orang lain dalam merawat dirinya secara fisik, dalam membuat keputusan secara emosi dan dalam berinteraksi dengan orang lain secara sosial yang ditunjukkan dengan anak melakukan hal sederhana, inisiatif, mencoba hal baru, mentaati peraturan dan bermain dengan teman sebaya, dan merasa aman, nyaman dan mampu mengendalikan diri. Secara praktis kemandirian adalah kemampuan anak dalam berpikir dan melakukan sesuatu oleh diri mereka sendiri untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya sehingga mereka tidak lagi bergantung pada orang lain namun dapat menjadi individu yang dapat berdiri sendiri.
TINJAUAN MUKHTALAF AL-HADÎTS TERHADAP HADITS-HADITS MENANGISI MAYIT
Authors: Komarudin Komarudin
Published: December 2020

Tinjauan Mukhtalaf Al-Hadîts Terhadap Hadits-Hadits Menangisi Mayit. Artikel ini ditujukan untuk menjelaskan jawaban hukum Islam terhadap hukum menagisi mayit. Sebagian masyarakat muslim menggangap bahwa menangisi mayit adalah hal yang biasa karena siapapun akan merasa sedih jika kehilangan anggota keluarga. Sebagian lainnya menganggap bahwa menangisi mayit adalah tidak dibolehkan karena hal tersebut bisa menyebabkan mayit akan diazab. Ada juga yang beranggapan bahwa menangisi mayit diperbolehkan selagi tangisan tersebut tidak berlebihan dan tidak memperbolehkan jika tangisan tersebut berlebihan. Hukum Islam memiliki teori dalam menyelesaikan problematika di atas yang dikenal dengan Mukhtalaf al-Hadîts. Artikel ini juga menjelaskan peran Mukhtalaf al Hadîts dalam menjelaskan hukum menangisi mayit
NEGOSIASI RUANG PUBLIK: MODERNISASI DAN PENGUATAN CIVIL SOCIETY MODEL PESANTREN
Authors: Asrori Saifudin
Published: December 2020

Negosiasi Ruang Publik; Modernisasi dan Penguatan Civil Society Model Pesantren. Meski kontribusi pesantren dalam pembangunan sosial ekonomi telah banyak diakui berbagai kalangan, lembaga pendidikan Islam ini seringkali diasosiasikan sebagai lembaga yang mempromosikan pendidikan yang intoleran dan militan yang kemudian menjadi akar gerakan radikal dan terorisme di Indonesia. Artikel ini mencoba menjawab kemampuan pesantren dalam mempersiapkan santrinya agar mampu berpartisipasi di era masyarakat modern dan mendukung penguatan masyarakat sipil. Peran pesantren di era modernisasi dievaluasi melalui program-program pendidikan yang berhubungan dengan pendidikan anti-kekerasan, toleransi antar keyakinan dan etnis, pluralisme, Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM), kesetaraan gender, demokrasi, serta keadilan politik dan sosial. Berdasarkan studi etnografi di Pondok Modern Gontor, artikel ini mengambarkan bahwa pesantren telah mengambil peran politik progresif dan berperan aktif dalam penguatan munculnya masyarakat sipil di Indonesia
SISTEM PENDAYAGUNAAN WAKAF TUNAI DALAM TINJAUAN ILMU FIQIH
Authors: Siddik Muhammad Yusuf
Published: December 2020

Sistem Pendayagunaan Wakaf Tunai Dalam Tinjauan Ilmu Fiqih. Islam memberikan perhatian khusus terhadap ibadah-ibadah sosial, antara lain wakaf. Wakaf sangat dianjurkan, dan manfaatnya dapat dirasakan masyarakat dan pahalanya terus mengalir kepada yang berwakaf, walau ia telah meniggal dunia. Di masa Rasulullah SAW wakaf masih dalam bentuk barang yang bertahan lama, seperti wakaf tanah, sumur, tempat ibadah dll, namun seiring perkembangan waktu, ulama’ telah membolehkan wakaf tunai, dengan syarat, dana wakaf tersebut digunakan untuk program yang memberikan manfaat dalam waktu yang lama.
PEMBINAAN TAHFIZH AL-QURAN DI PESANTREN TAHFIZH DAARUL QUR’AN TANGERANG
Authors: Fachrudin Yudhi
Published: December 2020

Pembinaan Tahfizh Al-Quran Di Pesantren Tahfizh Daarul Qur’an Tangeran. Alquran berfungsi sebagai sumber pokok ajaran dalam Islam. Alquran terjaga keaslian dan keotentikannya dari awal turun sampai kapan pun, Allah sendiri yang menjaminnya. Bentuk penjagaan Alquran, Allah memudahkan bagi manusia untuk menghafalnya. Mempelajari dan menghafal Alquran merupakan salah satu ajaran Islam. Kegiatan menghafal Alquran menjadi tradisi keislaman. Tersedia banyak lembaga pendidikan Islam yang menyelenggarakan program tahfizh Alquran. Masing-masing memiliki perbedaan dan ciri khas pembinaan yang diselenggarakannya. Satu diantaranya, Pesantren Tahfizh Daarul Qur’an Cipondoh Tangerang. Pesantren yang didirikan oleh Ustadz Yusuf Mansur.
MENELUSURI JALAN SUFI (Kajian Kitab ‘Umdat al-Muhtajîn ilâ Suluk Maslak al- Mufradîn Karya ‘Abd al-Râuf al-Sinkîlî)
Authors: Adam & Hakim Syahrul & Maman Rahman
Published: December 2020

Menelusuri Jalan Sufi. Abd al-Rauf al-Sinkilî adalah sufi Aceh yang banyak menulis karya-karya dalam bidang tasawuf, bahkan salah satu karyanya Daqaiq al-Huruf mendapat pengakuan langsung dari Annimarie Schimmel sebagai karya yang sangat autentik dan cukup berillian. Umdatul Muhtajin ila Suluk Maslak al-Mufradin merupakan karyanya yang ditujukan kepada orang yang ingin menapak jalan sufi. Seseorang yang ingin menapaki jalan sufi harus mengenal Allah dan Rasulnya dengan benar, mengikuti pembaitan dan talqin, serta melakukan dzikir dan amalan-amalan lain yang harus dilakukan sehari-hari.
METODOLOGI AL-THABARI DALAM TAFSIR JAMI’UL AL-BAYAN FI TA’WILI AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Aburrohman Asep
Published: December 2020

Metodologi Al-Thabari Dalam Tafsir Jami’ul Al-Bayan Fi Ta’wili Al-Qur’an. Imam Al-Thabari adalah ulama yang mempunyai keahlian dalam berbagai bidang disiplin ilmu. Jika dikategorikan ke dalam berbagai disiplin keilmuan, maka akan kita temukan beberapa keahlian yang bisa kita lihat dari hasil karyanya. Nama lengkap beliau adalah Abu Ja‟far Muḥammad Ibn Jarīr Ibn Yazīd Ibn Katsir Ibn Gālib al-Ṭabarī dilahirkan di Tabaristan 224 H dan Wafat 310 H. Karya monumental sangat terkenal yang sampai sekarang menjadi rujukan para ilmuan adalah Tafsir Jamiul Bayan fi Ta’wili al-Qur’an dan Tarik al Umam wa al-Muluk yang dikenal dengan Tarikh al-Thabari. Imam Al-Thabari dalam menafsirkan Kitab Tafsir Jamiul Bayan fi Ta’wili al-Qur’an menggunakan metode tahlili, yaitu penjelasan tafsir al-Qur’’an dengan rincian surat dan ayat yang terdapat dalam mushaf Usmani dengan mengambil hadis Nabi SAW, hadist atau pendapat Sahabat, Tabi’in atau dengan kata lain metode Isnad yang bercorak bil al-Ma’tsur
PERAN ISLAM TERHADAP PRAKTEK EKONOMI DALAM DAM HAJI
Authors: Mahfudzi Mahfudzi
Published: December 2020

Peran Islam Terhadap Praktek Ekonomi Dalam Dam Haji. Tanpa disadari roda dunia dalam peradaban Islam sudah seperti yang kita saksikan sekarang ini, sejak dicetuskan oleh pembawanya yaitu Nabi Muhammad SAW, Islam tidak pernah tergelincir rodanya sampai hari ini dan tetap berjalan dalam koridornya secara vertikal. Di era globalisasi yang serba bersentral kepada sains dan tekhnologi, kita harus benar-benar cerdas mengamalkan Islam secara utuh (menyeluruh), tentunya yang bersumber dari Al-Qur’an dan As-Sunnah. Islam adalah agama rahmatan lil‘alamin, artinya tiada satupun permasalahan di dalam kehidupan manusia itu berakhir dengan kebuntuan dan pasti ada jalan keluar yang tidak menyalahi sunnatullah dan sunnah rosulullah. Al-Qur’an dan As-Sunnah merupakan pedoman hidup yang mampu menjawab tantangan kehidupan manusia, sehingga menjadikan manfaat dan maslahat yang merupakan tujuan dari amaliyah seorang muslim.
PERBEDAAN WAKTU PUASA DI WILAYAH ABNORMAL DAN APLIKASI HUKUMNYA
Authors: Sunarto Sunarto
Published: December 2020

Etymologically fasting is "al-imsak" (restraint). As for the terminology, fasting is: "To refrain from something that can cancel the fasting starting from the dawn until the sun sets with aim." This is the definition of Fuqaha "in understanding the time limit of fasting according to QS. al-Baqarah: 187. In reality, when we apply the definition of fasting, there is a significant difference between one region and another. For example, the area around the equator, relatively stability between daytime and night. However, there is a contrast difference to the regions around the pole (north-south). If the area far from the equator the more contrast the time difference occurs. This means that the farther the area from the equator, the longer the time of daytime or night. Besides the influence of the above factors, there is also the current position of the sun. It determines whether the sun is in the north or the south of the earth? The implication that when the fast of Ramadan coincides with the summer, from March to September is in the north. The climax of June 21, the sun has a maximum declination (d = 23 '30'), then the regions in the north have experience a longer noon inversely proportional to the regions in the south. If the regions are closer to the pole, the more extreme the daytime and night difference occurs, that is called the area/circumpolar region. To apply the fasting law (circumpolar) fasting area, by following the International Fatwah Majlis, that is in two ways: first, following the fasting period of the Hijaz (Makkah-Madinah), second, following the nearest region/country that has a daytime or night limit.
KONSTRUKSI PEMBERITAAN PARTAI DEMOKRAT DI MEDIA MASSA (Analisis Framing Pernyataan Pakar Komunikasi Politik di Kompas.com)
Authors: Sodikin Ali
Published: December 2020

This research background on the news - reporting kompas.com of the Democratic Party. In the news, media kompas.com citing political communications expert Dr. Heri Budianto. The purpose of this study was to determine the Democrats construction news through the statement of political communications expert Dr. Heri Budianto in Mass Media Kompas.com. Basic theory in this research is the theory of social construction of reality consists of externalization, objectivation, and internalization by Berger and Luckman. Sociological theory of media by Shoemaker and Reese also be the basis of the theory in this study. The method used is framing analysis Entman models with indicators Define Problems, Causes Diagnose, Make Moral Judgment, and Treatment Recommendation. Subject / object in this study are statements of political communications expert Dr. Heri Budiantor published in the online media Kompas.com on the Democratic Party. These results indicate that by using framing approach Entman models can be seen that the statements Political Communication Specialists Dr. Heri Budianto contained in the online media Kompas.com framed in such a way with the selection of issues and highlighting the issue of political reality these parties.
Teaching Methods Of Character Used To The Companions Of Prophet Muhammad In Saheeh Muslim
Authors: Syukur Taufik Abdillah
Published: December 2020

The Government of The Republic of Indonesia instructed to each school to incorporate character education in KTSP, syllabus and lesson plans. The government has also provided BOS in order to support teachers in their teaching’s method development. The character value is good, and the teaching’s method is well developed. Why do we still find unacceptable things which refer to the weakness of nation character in the student soul? The research is talking about the prophet teaching method in building his companions character according to Shaheeh Muslim. And that result will explain about the complementation of prophet teaching method in shaping student character in the school. The teaching method is the way that used to implement the prepared program to achieve the goal of teaching. The education character is a prepared effort in order to cause the student how to know and care about the values, which finally carry on them to be the perfect man. Companion was a man who met the prophet and died in a state of faith. This study depends on the sourced literature. The researcher qualitatively collects data, describes and analyzes it well. This research is about the character teaching method depends on the prophetic tradition (al-Hadits). The researcher classifies the hadits based on nation character, analyzes that results and relates things with the main project. The result indicates that the most widely used method of the prophet in shaping his companions character is the method of story, question & answer, and also lecturer. He also used another variety method such as problem solving, assignment, demonstration and fieldtrip. In shaping his companions character he did not use the method of discussion, experiment, and project. Researcher recommends all teachers to control and widely explore those three methods (stories, discussion, and lecturer) and integrate love, friends/ communicative, and care character as the main student character in process character education at school.
Perspectivas da enfermagem sobre o protocolo da sepse materna: análise à luz da teoria da complexidade
Authors: Belarmino Adriano da Costa , Pinto Maria Clara de Oliveira , Frota Auritônio de Castro , Alves Larissa Cunha , Ferreira Junior Antonio Rodrigues
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: analisar as perspectivas da equipe de enfermagem sobre a implementação do protocolo da sepse materna à luz da teoria da complexidade.
Método: estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa fundamentada no pensamento complexo de Edgar Morin. Foi realizada entrevista individual com 13 profissionais de enfermagem que atuam no setor obstétrico, entre julho e agosto de 2017, em um hospital do Nordeste, Brasil.
Resultados: evidenciaram-se dificuldades na identificação adequada da sepse materna, atraso no início do antibiótico, falta de comunicação entre categorias profissionais e no alinhamento de condutas, o que prejudica a linha de cuidado à paciente obstétrica com sepse.
Conclusões: há perspectiva positiva quanto à empregabilidade do protocolo; no entanto, evidenciamse fragilidades com a necessidade de novas reflexões acerca da complexidade dos cuidados implementados, do papel dos profissionais e da comunicação dentro da equipe de saúde.
Actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y factores asociados en adultos brasileños
Authors: Martins Haysla Xavier , Araújo de Assis Camargo Hellen Xavier , Siqueira Jordana Herzog , Enriquez Martinez Oscar Geovanny , De Oliveira Aprelini Carla Moronari , Silva Pereira Taísa Sabrina , Bisi Molina Maria del Carmen
Published: December 2020

Introducción: en las últimas décadas se han producido cambios en el patrón de comportamiento humano, dando como resultado que la población se mueva menos y permanezca más tiempo sentada. La práctica de actividad física (AF) ofrece beneficios para la salud pero no puede compensar el tiempo empleado en hábitos de comportamiento sedentario.
Objetivo: evaluar la AF, el comportamiento sedentario y sus factores asociados en adultos de una institución pública de educación en Espírito Santo (Brasil).
Métodos: se analizaron 200 individuos (20-59 años) empleando dos dominios del International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) versión larga, el primero de estos referente a recreación, deporte, ejercicio y AF de ocio; el segundo, evaluando el tiempo que estos permanecen sentados.
Resultados: se observó que las personas activas pasan tanto tiempo sentadas como las personas inactivas, y que las personas con edad más avanzada tienen un tiempo de AF menor y más probabilidades de estar inactivas en comparación con las más jóvenes. Aquellos que están más tiempo frente a dispositivos de pantalla tienen mayor probabilidad de pasar más tiempo sentados. Los participantes con mayor escolaridad tuvieron mayores medias de tiempo en posición de sentado y tiempo de pantalla.
Conclusión: las personas mayores tienen menos tiempo para realizar AF en comparación con individuos más jóvenes, así como mayor probabilidad de permanecer inactivas. Los individuos considerados activos presentaron el mismo tiempo en posición de sentado que los inactivos.
Impactos da Covid-19 nas cadeias produtivas e no cotidiano de comunidades tradicionais na Amazônia Central
Authors: Rodrigues da Silva Jacson , Gomes dos Santos Jéssica Poliane , Freitas Viana Fernanda Maria , Rodrigues Larrosa Oler Juliana , Steward Angela May
Published: December 2020

No intuito de contribuir com informações a respeito do impacto da pandemia da Covid-19 no interior do estado do Amazonas, apresentamos um relato de caso da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã (RDSA), na região do Médio Solimões. O objetivo principal foi investigar os impactos da pandemia no cotidiano de moradores locais, identificando as dificuldades enfrentadas, mudanças nos hábitos alimentares e impactos nas cadeias produtivas. Para obter as informações, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas remotamente com nove integrantes de núcleos familiares de quatro comunidades e uma localidade da RDSA. Além de registrar os impactos, visamos identificar, junto com os interlocutores, ações possíveis para garantir a saúde e bem-estar das famílias e sua capacidade de continuar comercializando sua produção. Ações foram divididas em propostas imediatas para o momento da pandemia e ações de longo prazo. Os resultados mostram que no início da pandemia os moradores ajustaram seus hábitos alimentares e se adaptaram rapidamente às novas recomendações de isolamento social e outras medidas preventivas. Embora os dados apontem para prejuízos no que diz respeito à economia familiar e as cadeias produtivas, os interlocutores trazem propostas inovadoras para enfrentar a crise imediata e promover as cadeias produtivas a longo prazo. Desta forma, os resultados refletem o atributo de flexibilidade tipicamente associada às comunidades ribeirinhas amazônicas. A auto-organização, oportunizada pela criação de redes de colaboração amplas, toma uma dimensão maior, necessária para enfrentar a crise atual na ausência do Estado e na face das desigualdades históricas regionais.