bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individual Goffin´s cockatoos (Cacatua goffiniana) show flexible targeted helping in a tool transfer task
Authors: Laumer I. B. , Massen J. J. M. , Boehm P. M. , Boehm A. , Geisler A. , Auersperg A. M. I.
Published: June 2021

Flexible targeted helping is considered an advanced form of prosocial behavior in hominoids, as it requires the actor to assess different situations that a conspecific may be in, and to subsequently flexibly satisfy different needs of that partner depending on the nature of those situations. So far, apart from humans such behaviour has only been experimentally shown in chimpanzees and in Eurasian jays. Recent studies highlight the prosocial tendencies of several bird species, yet flexible targeted helping remained untested, largely due to methodological issues as such tasks are generally designed around tool-use, and very few bird species are capable of tool-use. Here, we tested Goffin’s cockatoos, which proved to be skilled tool innovators in captivity, in a tool transfer task in which an actor had access to four different objects/tools and a partner to one of two different apparatuses that each required one of these tools to retrieve a reward. As expected from this species, we recorded playful object transfers across all conditions. Yet, importantly and similar to apes, three out of eight birds transferred the correct tool more often in the test condition than in a condition that also featured an apparatus but no partner. Furthermore, one of these birds transferred that correct tool first more often before transferring any other object in the test condition than in the no-partner condition, while the other two cockatoos were marginally non-significantly more likely to do so. Additionally, there was no difference in the likelihood of the correct tool being transferred first for either of the two apparatuses, suggesting that these birds flexibly adjusted what to transfer based on their partner´s need. Future studies should focus on explanations for the intra-specific variation of this behaviour, and should test other parrots and other large-brained birds to see how this can be generalized across the class and to investigate the evolutionary history of this trait.
Deep learning to predict long-term mortality in patients requiring 7 days of mechanical ventilation
Authors: George Naomi , Moseley Edward , Eber Rene , Siu Jennifer , Samuel Mathew , Yam Jonathan , Huang Kexin , Celi Leo Anthony , Lindvall Charlotta
Published: June 2021

Background

Among patients with acute respiratory failure requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation, tracheostomies are typically placed after approximately 7 to 10 days. Yet half of patients admitted to the intensive care unit receiving tracheostomy will die within a year, often within three months. Existing mortality prediction models for prolonged mechanical ventilation, such as the ProVent Score, have poor sensitivity and are not applied until after 14 days of mechanical ventilation. We developed a model to predict 3-month mortality in patients requiring more than 7 days of mechanical ventilation using deep learning techniques and compared this to existing mortality models.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study. Setting: The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III Database. Patients: All adults requiring ≥ 7 days of mechanical ventilation. Measurements: A neural network model for 3-month mortality was created using process-of-care variables, including demographic, physiologic and clinical data. The area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC) was compared to the ProVent model at predicting 3 and 12-month mortality. Shapley values were used to identify the variables with the greatest contributions to the model.

Results

There were 4,334 encounters divided into a development cohort (n = 3467) and a testing cohort (n = 867). The final deep learning model included 250 variables and had an AUROC of 0.74 for predicting 3-month mortality at day 7 of mechanical ventilation versus 0.59 for the ProVent model. Older age and elevated Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) Score on intensive care unit admission had the largest contribution to predicting mortality.

Discussion

We developed a deep learning prediction model for 3-month mortality among patients requiring ≥ 7 days of mechanical ventilation using a neural network approach utilizing readily available clinical variables. The model outperforms the ProVent model for predicting mortality among patients requiring ≥ 7 days of mechanical ventilation. This model requires external validation.
La idea de epigénesis en la obra de W. Harvey. Una lectura organicista
Authors: Escribano Cabeza Miguel
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo plantea desde una perspectiva histórico-filosófica una reflexión sobre la idea de epigénesis en la obra de W. Harvey Exercitationes de generatione animalium (1651). El objetivo es contribuir a esclarecer la singular concepción que el médico inglés tiene de esta idea, comúnmente vinculada a la tradición mecanicista. Harvey desarrolla su visión de la embriogénesis como un proceso que no puede ser comprendido desde las categorías del arte humano, como se desprende de las críticas a su maestro Fabricius. Tampoco es exacto decir que su posición sea animista. Una inmersión en esta última cuestión nos mostrará su concepción orgánica del alma, en continuación con la tradición aristotélico-galénica.
FRAILTY AND PAIN: TWO RELATED CONDITIONS
Authors: NESSIGHAOUI H. , LILAMAND M. , PATEL K.V. , VELLAS B. , LAROCHE M.L. , DANTOINE T. , CESARI M.
Published: June 2021

Frailty is a multidimensional syndrome, involving functional, nutritional, biological and psychological aspects. This condition, defined as a decreased resistance to internal and external stressors, is predictive of adverse health outcomes, including disability and mortality. Importantly, the frailty syndrome is usually considered a reversible condition, thus amenable of specific preventive interventions. Persistent pain in older adults is very common and has multiple determinants. This symptom represents a determinant of accelerated aging. In the present paper, we discuss available evidence examining the association between these two conditions. Despite the high prevalence of these two conditions and their shared underlying mechanisms, our search only retrieved few relevant studies. Most of them reported a relationship between pain (or analgesics consumption) and different operational definitions of frailty. Pain may represent a relevant risk factor as well as a potential target for interventions against the frailty syndrome, but further studies are needed.
COMPONENTS OF THE RISK INSTRUMENT FOR SCREENING IN THE COMMUNITY (RISC) THAT CORRELATE WITH PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES’ PERCEPTION OF RISK
Authors: LEAHY-WARREN P. , O’CAOIMH R. , FITZGERALD C. , COCHRANE A. , SVENDROVSKI A. , CRONIN U. , O’HERLIHY E. , CORNALLY N. , GAO Y. , HEALY E. , O’CONNELL E. , O’KEEFFE G. , COVENEY S. , MCGLYNN J. , FITZGERALD C. , CLARNETTE R. , MOLLOY D.W.
Published: June 2021

Background: Functional decline and frailty are common in community-dwelling older adults, leading to an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Objective: To examine the factors that public health nurses perceive to cause risk of three adverse outcomes: institutionalisation, hospitalisation, and death, in older adults, using the Risk Instrument for Screening in the Community (RISC). Design: A quantitative, correlational, descriptive design was used. Setting and Participants: A sample of 803 community-dwellers, aged over 65 years receiving regular follow-up by public health nurses. Procedure and Measurements: Public health nurses (n=15) scored the RISC and the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) on patients in their caseload. We examined and compared correlations between the severity of concern and ability of the caregiver network to manage these concerns with public health nurses’ perception of risk of the three defined adverse outcomes. Results: In total, 782 RISC scores were available. Concern was higher for the medical state domain (686/782,88%) compared with the mental state (306/782,39%) and activities of daily living (595/782,76%) domains. Concern was rated as severe for only a small percentage of patients. Perceived risk of institutionalisation had the strongest correlation with concern over patients mental state,(r=0.53), while risk of hospitalisation,(r=0.53) and death,(r=0.40) correlated most strongly with concern over the medical state. Weaker correlations were found for the other domains and RISC scores. The CFS most strongly correlated with the ADL domain,(r=0.78). Conclusion: Although the prevalence of concern was high, it was mostly rated as mild. Perceived risk of institutionalisation correlated most with concern over the ability of caregiver networks to manage patients’ mental state, while risk of hospitalisation and death correlated with patients’ medical state. The findings suggest the importance of including an assessment of the caregiver network when examining community-dwelling older adults. Validation of the RISC and public health nurses’ ratings are now required.
MOBILITY AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES FOR SARCOPENIA TRIALS
Authors: PAHOR M.
Published: June 2021

Major mobility disability (MMD) (1, 2), defined as inability to walk ¼ mile or 400 m, is a relevant definite outcome in clinical trials. MMD is of major public health significance. Ability to walk ¼ mile is measured in the US census (3) and in most epidemiologic surveys (4). The MMD outcome based on the 400 m walk test is a feasible, objective, reliable (5), well-validated and important clinical and public health outcome in older people (1, 2, 6), which has been successfully implemented in the LIFE-Pilot and LIFE (7, 8). We have shown it to be a more efficient outcome for clinical trials than self-reported disability or the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) (9). Public health agencies use ability to walk ¼ mile or 400 m to define need and policy impact of interventions (4). Finally, people reporting the inability to walk 400 m incur higher health care costs of $4,000 per person per year, compared with those not reporting inability to walk 400 m (4, 6, 10-12) MMD is operationalized as the inability to complete a 400 m walk test within 15 min without sitting or help of another person or walker (2). Completing the walk in >15 min would be in an extremely slow pace (<0.45 m/sec), which is of little utility in daily life (13). A higher cut point (30 or 60 min), makes the assessment impractical and does not add to the clinical significance of the outcome. The time to walk 400 meters and the ability to complete the test will provide data to test effects of the interventions resulting from both attenuation of decline and increase in walking speed.
Old Plastic Bags conversion to Construction Bricks
Authors: Maalik Umeed
Published: June 2021

One of the biggest constrains to manage solid waste is to tackle old plastic bags /shoppers. Their decomposition period ranges 10 to 10,000 years in rough statistics. To eliminate these bags from waste stream is a notorious difficulty. So to convert this problem to a product could be a fascinating approach. It is a forward step towards green behavior. It also minimizes dumping loads so it is a space safety measure as well.
Ideas para un futuro balance comparado del control político en el Parlamento Europeo y la Asamblea Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Authors: Florez Quiñones Aghner
Published: June 2021

Al analizar la actividad parlamentaria en el siglo XXI, es obligante dedicar un capítulo sustancial a las cruciales funciones de control político, en su vertiente de control parlamentario. De cara a esta premisa, nos acercaremos preliminarmente a la manera en que esta temática concreta es abordada en el Parlamento Europeo, y en la Asamblea Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. Previo a una contextualización histórico-sustancial para cada caso, y una interpretación a rubrica, semántica y teleológica de las normas jurídicas que las prevén, concluiremos en la necesidad de vigorizar las disposiciones estudiadas, ello en clave de respeto a la dignidad humana, ejercicio de la ciudadanía y dinamización de los derechos fundamentales. Sin embargo, para mayor solidez del esfuerzo a realizar, proponemos revisar introductoriamente los fundamentos de las funciones estatales, a la luz de las tendencias más actualizadas del Derecho Internacional Público y las Ciencias Políticas.
Rapid Acclimatisation to High Altitude by Intermittent Hypoxia Training at Sea Level Role of Biochemical Markers
Authors: Suryakumar Geetha , Ghosh Dishari , Rathor Richa , Bhaumik Gopinath , Singh Som Nath , Kumar Bhuvnesh
Published: June 2021

Rapid induction of soldiers to high altitude under emergency situation may lead to higher incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and other high altitude illness. Intermittent Hypoxia Training (IHT) at sea level before going to high altitude is an approach for rapid acclimatisation. This approach may be helpful to reduce the occurrence of AMS and leads to better acclimatisation at high altitude in shorter duration. The present study evaluates the role of biochemical markers of acclimatisation after IHT before induction to actual high altitude. The study participants were Indian Army Personnel (n=30) and they were divided into two groups of control (n=16) and IHT exposed (n=14). The intermittent hypoxia training was administered at 12 per cent Oxygen for 4h/day for 4 days at sea level using normobaric hypoxia chamber and within 24 hrs - 48 hrs the subjects were airlifted to Leh, Ladakh, India at 11,700 ft. Preconditioning with IHT may be beneficial in maintaining antioxidant levels and ameliorate oxidative stress at high altitude. The hypoxia responsive proteins like Hemeoxygenase -1 (HO-1) and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the cytoprotective stress proteins, which facilitate the acclimatisation, may also get benefited by IHT exposure.
Nanoscale Copper II Oxide An Efficient and Reusable Adsorbent for Removal of Nickel II from Contaminated Water
Authors: Raul Prasanta K. , Das Bodhaditya , Devi Rashmi R. , Dwivedi Sanjai K.
Published: June 2021

The present work describes the synthesis of copper(II) oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with high surface area (52.11 m2/g) and its Ni(II) adsorption efficiency from contaminated water at room temperature. Copper (II) oxide NPs are able to remove Ni(II) as 93.6 per cent and 93.7 per cent using 500 ppb & 1000 ppb initial concentration of nickel at near-neutral pH respectively. CuO NPs is very much effective to remove more than 75 per cent nickel over a wide range of pH even in presence of other competing ions like Cd2+, Pb2+, Cr6+, SO42-. Prepared CuO NPs can be used to remove Ni(II) from aqueous solution in real field application.
Effect of Combat Vehicle Operation on Cognitive Workload and Performance
Authors: Malhari Archana A. , Bhattacharyya Debojyoti , Chatterjee Tirthankar , Mani K. V. , Pal Madhusudan
Published: June 2021

Multifaceted stress factors related to infantry combat vehicle (ICV) operation may be considered as major a source of cognitive workload, which may significantly impact the performance of infantry soldiers. The available literature on the effect of ICV’s operational environment on soldier’s cognitive workload is scanty or mostly unreported. The present study was designed to observe the effect of ICV operation on the i) cognitive workload ii) cognitive performance and iii) to study the association between cognitive workload and performance. Thirty soldiers [mean(SD)- age: 31.86(2.9) years, weight: 74.40(7.7) kg, and height: 171.33(3.42) cm] volunteered for this study. Their heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) and respiratory frequency (RF) were recorded at three time points 00th-05th, 25th-30th and 55th-60th minute during the ICV operation. ‘A’ letter cancellation task (ALCT) was conducted to assess cognitive performance, before and after ICV operation. The internal temperature and relative humidity (RH) of ICV were assessed at same three time-points. Repeated measure ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed ranks test were conducted to observe significant changes in HR, HRV, RF, and cognitive performance. Association between HRV and ALCT was assessed using Pearson’s bivariate correlation. Changes were considered significant when p-value was ≤ 0.05. Significant increase in the HR and RF were observed along with significant decrease in both time and frequency domain of HRV after ICV operation. Similarly, ALCT showed a significant increase in the total and net score, and an increased error score in post-ICV operation. A strong positive correlation was observed between the ICV operation run-trial time and the increasing compartmental temperature (r=0.99) and RH (r=0.89). HRV components showed a negative correlation with ALCT measures. One hour of ICV operation resulted in increased cognitive workload and a significant decrease in the cognitive task performance. Internal temperature and RH of ICV are potential physical stress factors affecting the soldier’s workload and performance.
Experimental Study on Solar Heat Battery using Phase Change Materials for Parabolic Dish Collectors
Authors: Senthil Ramalingam , Priya Inbaraj Infanta Mary , Gupta Mukund , Rath Chinmaya , Ghosh Nilanshu
Published: June 2021

Energy consumption has increased withthe population increase, and fossil fuel dependency has risen and causing pollutions. Solar energy is suitableto provide society's thermo-electric needs. Thermal energy storage-based concentrated solar receivers are aimed at store heat energy and transportable to the applications. Acavity receiver with two-phase change materials (PCM) is experimentally investigated using a parabolic dish collector to act as the solar heat battery. The selected PCMs are MgCl2.6H2O and KNO3-NaNO3. PCMs are chosen and placed as perthe temperature zones of the receiver. The outdoor test wasconductedto determine the conical receiver's storage performance using cascaded PCMs. The complete melting of PCM attainsat an average receiver surface temperature of 230°C. The complete melting of the PCM in the receiver took around 30 minutes at average radiation around 700 W/m2, and heat stored is approximately 5000 kJ. The estimated number of cavity receivers to be charged on a sunny day is about 10-15 according to the present design and selected PCMs, for later use
Groundstates for Choquard type equations with weighted potentials and Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev lower critical exponent
Authors: Zhou Shuai , Liu Zhisu , Zhang Jianjun
Published: June 2021

We are concerned with a class of Choquard type equations with weighted potentials and Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev lower critical exponent

−Δu+V(x)u=Iα∗[Q(x)|u|N+αN]Q(x)|u|αN−1u,x∈RN.$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle -{\it\Delta} u+V(x)u=\left(I_{\alpha}\ast [Q(x)|u|^{\frac{N+\alpha}{N}}]\right)Q(x)|u|^{\frac{\alpha}{N}-1}u, \quad x\in \mathbb R^N. \end{array}$$

By using variational approaches, we investigate the existence of groundstates relying on the asymptotic behaviour of weighted potentials at infinity. Moreover, non-existence of non-trivial solutions is also considered. In particular, we give a partial answer to some open questions raised in [D.~Cassani, J. Van Schaftingen and J. J. Zhang, Groundstates for Choquard type equations with Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev lower critical exponent,Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section A Mathematics,150(2020), 1377–1400].
The post 16 gap: how do young people conceptualise PE? An exploration of the barriers to participation in physical education, physical activity and sport in senior school pupils
Authors: Cowley Joe G. , McIntosh Ian , Kiely John , Collins Dave J.
Published: June 2021

Previous studies have identified several key barriers to Physical Education, Physical activity and Sport (PEPAS). However, there is a paucity of qualitative evidence investigating why young people do and do not participate in PA and the relationship between their levels of participation at different stages of life. This study builds on a previous study and aims to investigate the barriers to PEPAS in adolescents at transition stage. The extant literature highlights that instilling regular PA throughout life strongly relies on developing physical literacy through participation in high quality physical education. Despite the understanding of the importance of high quality physical education, there is an over emphasis on the short term outcomes of physical education (PE) sessions which have been noted to overemphasise immediate physical activity rather than focus on educational outcomes important to physical literacy. Anecdotally, the recent Covid 19 Global pandemic and subsequent lockdown has resulted in a digitalisation of PE in schools and a subsequent reliance of PA programmes based on adult fitness classes, which may not necessarily be categorised as PE in its true sense. Twenty-four respondents aged 16–19 were divided into five focus groups. Data were analysed verbatim using NVivo following the guidelines by Braun and Clark (2006) on thematic analysis. The findings indicated that most respondents equated PE with team sports. Findings suggest that Physical Educators need to acknowledge how past and present experience of PE impacts young people’s future motivation to continue PA beyond school. Delivery of traditional PE lessons, prioritising sporting ability, can act as a participation barrier to pupils who consider themselves “non-sporty”. Accordingly, a shift towards inclusive pedagogical models with an emphasis on a holistic approach, may best promote the physical literacy necessary for the competence and confidence to continue movement in a lifelong capacity.
The retinal circuitry for magnetoreception in migratory birds
Authors: Seth Pranav K. , Balaji Vaishnavi , Dedek Karin
Published: June 2021

Night-migratory birds use the Earth’s magnetic field to determine the direction in which they want to migrate. Many studies suggest that this “magnetic compass sense” is light dependent and mediated by blue light sensors, called cryptochromes, which are expressed in the retina of night-migratory birds. In this review, we summarize the evidence that the avian retina processes not only visual information but also magnetic compass information. We also review the current knowledge on cryptochrome expression in the bird retina and highlight open questions which we aim to address within the framework of SFB 1372 Magnetoreception and Navigation in Vertebrates.
A chemoinformatic analysis of atoms, scaffolds and functional groups in natural products
Authors: Hanna Joelle Ngo , Bekono Boris D. , Owono Luc C. O. , Toze Flavien A. A. , Mbah James A. , Günther Stefan , Ntie-Kang Fidele
Published: June 2021

In the quest to know why natural products (NPs) have often been considered as privileged scaffolds for drug discovery purposes, many investigations into the differences between NPs and synthetic compounds have been carried out. Several attempts to answer this question have led to the investigation of the atomic composition, scaffolds and functional groups (FGs) of NPs, in comparison with synthetic drugs analysis. This chapter briefly describes an atomic enumeration method for chemical libraries that has been applied for the analysis of NP libraries, followed by a description of the main differences between NPs of marine and terrestrial origin in terms of their general physicochemical properties, most common scaffolds and “drug-likeness” properties. The last parts of the work describe an analysis of scaffolds and FGs common in NP libraries, focusing on huge NP databases, e.g. those in the Dictionary of Natural Products (DNP), NPs from cyanobacteria and the largest chemical class of NP – terpenoids.
Phthalocyanine blue pigments
Authors: Christie Robert , Abel Adrian
Published: June 2021

Copper phthalocyanine is the dominant blue organic pigment by far, used extensively in printing ink, paint, plastics, and a range of other applications. A historical perspective of the development of phthalocyanine pigments, from their original serendipitous discovery, through the characterization of their molecular structures, to their development as pigments, is discussed in this chapter and in the separate chapter entitled Phthalocyanines: General Principles. Copper phthalocyanine exhibits polymorphism. Theα- andβ-forms are the most important crystal phases used as pigments, while theε-form has only minor significance. Although structurally complex, the synthesis of copper phthalocyanine is relatively straightforward, involving readily available commodity starting materials to provide the products in high yield. After-treatments are required not only to convert the crude pigment into an appropriate pigmentary physical form, but also to provide stability towards crystal phase change and flocculation in application.
Analytical solution for unsteady adiabatic and isothermal flows behind the shock wave in a rotational axisymmetric mixture of perfect gas and small solid particles
Authors: Nath G.
Published: June 2021

The approximate analytical solutions are obtained for adiabatic and isothermal flows behind a cylindrical shock wave in a dusty gas. A mixture of perfect gas and micro size small inert solid particles is taken as the dusty gas. The inert solid particles are distributed continuously in the mixture. It is considered that the equilibrium flow conditions are maintained. The flow variables are expanded in power series to obtain the solution of the problem. The analytical solutions are obtained for the first order approximation in both the adiabatic and isothermal cases. Also, the system of ordinary differential equations for second order approximations to the solution is obtained. The influence of an increase in the ratio of the density of the inert solid particles to the initial density of the perfect gas, the rotational parameter and the mass concentration of inert solid particles in the mixture are discussed on the flow variables for first approximation. Our first approximation to the solution corresponds to the Taylor’s solution for the creation of a blast wave by a strong explosion. A comparison is also made between the solutions for isothermal and adiabatic flows. It is investigated that the density and pressure near the line of symmetry in the case of isothermal flow become zero and hence a vacuum is formed at the axis of symmetry when the flow is isothermal. Also, it is found that an increase in the value of rotational parameter or the mass concentration of solid particles in the mixture has a decaying effect on shock wave. The present work may be used to verify the correctness of the solution obtained by self-similarity and numerical methods.
The effect of non-bridging oxygen on the electrical transport of some lead borate glasses containing cobalt
Authors: Ahmed Fatma B. M. , Badawi Ali , Abdel-Wahab Fouad
Published: June 2021

The effect of reducing oxygen in glass network on the electrical conductivity of system 50 B2O3 − 20 Pb3O4 − 10 Co3O4 − (20 − x)CaO − xCaCl2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 20 mol%) has thoroughly been investigated. This reduction was created by substituting oxygen ions with chloride ions. The measurements were conducted in the temperature range 320–560 K for fixed frequencies 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 kHz. It was found that at low temperatures, the dc conductivity (σ
dc) is lower than the measured ac conductivity σ(ω), whereas σ(ω) and σ
dc became equal at high temperature for all frequencies. The ac, dc conductivity as well as dc activation energies decrease with the gradual increase of CaCl2 content. The ac conductivity and the frequency exponent data showed that the correlated barrier hopping of electrons between both of oxidation states of cobalt ions (Co2+ and Co3+) is the most probable mechanism. The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the present glass system can be fitted to the Cole–Cole equation for all frequencies and temperatures.
A Review of Adverse Childhood Experiences as Factors Influential to Biopsychosocial Development for Young Males of Color
Authors: Harris Shaywanna , Belser Christopher T. , Wheeler Naomi J. , Dennison Andrea
Published: June 2021

Despite the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision ending school segregation in 1954, African American children and other children of color still experience severe and adverse challenges while receiving an education. Specifically, Black and Latino male students are at higher risk of being placed in special education classes, receiving lower grades, and being suspended or expelled from school. Although adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and the negative outcomes associated with experiencing them, are not specific to one racial or ethnic group, the impact of childhood adversity exacerbates the challenges experienced by male students of color at a biological, psychological, and sociological level. This article reviews the literature on how ACEs impact the biopsychosocial development and educational outcomes of young males of color (YMOC). A strengths-based perspective, underscoring resilience among YMOC, will be highlighted in presenting strategies to promote culturally responsive intervention with YMOC, focused professional development, and advocacy in the school counseling profession.
Toward a complete interdisciplinary treatment of scale
Authors: Iwanaga Takuya , Wang Hsiao-Hsuan , Koralewski Tomasz E. , Grant William E. , Jakeman Anthony J. , Little John C.
Published: June 2021

The pathways taken throughout any model-based process are undoubtedly influenced by the modeling team involved and the decision choices they make. For interconnected socioenvironmental systems (SES), such teams are increasingly interdisciplinary to enable a more expansive and holistic treatment that captures the purpose, the relevant disciplines and sectors, and other contextual settings. In practice, such interdisciplinarity increases the scope of what is considered, thereby increasing choices around model complexity and their effects on uncertainty. Nonetheless, the consideration of scale issues is one critical lens through which to view and question decision choices in the modeling cycle. But separation between team members, both geographically and by discipline, can make the scales involved more arduous to conceptualize, discuss, and treat. In this article, the practices, decisions, and workflow that influence the consideration of scale in SESs modeling are explored through reflexive accounts of two case studies. Through this process and an appreciation of past literature, we draw out several lessons under the following themes: (1) the fostering of collaborative learning and reflection, (2) documenting and justifying the rationale for modeling scale choices, some of which can be equally plausible (a perfect model is not possible), (3) acknowledging that causality is defined subjectively, (4) embracing change and reflection throughout the iterative modeling cycle, and (5) regularly testing the model integration to draw out issues that would otherwise be unnoticeable.
Reducing Medical Student Performance Anxiety through the Pre-clerkship Residency Exploration Program (PREP)
Authors: Roberts Alysha , Haupt Thomas , Raju Kavita , Toguri James Thomas , Smyth Robert Michael , Bowes David
Published: June 2021

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La escritura colaborativa en ambientes educativos presenciales, virtuales y con diferentes mediaciones de la tecnología digital
Authors: Bonilla-Valencia Pilar del Carmen , De Castro Daza Diana Patricia
Published: June 2021

El artículo tiene como objetivo presentar una revisión bibliográfica sobre las tendencias, aportes y limitaciones de los estudios sobre escritura colaborativa en los últimos once años. En la metodología se definieron cuatro criterios de inclusión de los estudios: 1) el abordaje de la escritura colaborativa; 2) la fecha de publicación entre el año 2009 y 2020; 3) los artículos publicados en español, inglés y portugués; y 4) el tipo de artículo: investigación, revisión y teórico. Se realizó la búsqueda en las bases de datos: Scopus, ProQuest, Taylor & Francis, Web of Science, JSTOR y Ebsco. Los resultados de la revisión evidencian que la escritura colaborativa no es un proceso que se facilita de manera automática por las herramientas y mediaciones digitales, sino que requiere de un ambiente educativo en el que los participantes se reconozcan como pares coautores del texto en una relación dialógica. El estudio de la escritura colaborativa conlleva a considerar aspectos relacionales entre los escritores, el propósito del escrito y la audiencia proyectada, así como la coherencia textual, lo que comprende una ampliación de la concepción de escritura. Entre las limitaciones se identificó que los estudios revisados no profundizan en la incidencia de la escritura colaborativa en la calidad textual ni en la argumentación en el proceso de producción. En las conclusiones se resalta que la escritura colaborativa plantea como reto potenciar, en los distintos niveles de formación, prácticas educativas que promuevan la construcción conjunta entre pares, la creatividad y el uso pedagógico y ético de la tecnología digital.
Desarrollo del pensamiento crítico a través del debate crítico: una mirada cualitativa
Authors: Betancourth Zambrano Sonia , Tabares Díaz Yuranny , Martínez Daza Viviana
Published: June 2021

Introducción: La formación de estudiantes críticos y analíticos constituye uno de los principales retos de la educación en la actualidad. En este marco, el debate crítico favorece la interconexión de posturas opuestas, mediante procesos de reflexión, indagación, defensa y juicio razonado. Objetivo general: Reconocer cómo la estrategia de debate crítico contribuye al desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en universitarios. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación-acción, enmarcada en un programa de intervención con estudiantes de psicología, se incluyó sesiones de explicación, ejecución de debates críticos y asesorías. Se empleó como técnicas de recolección de información, observación participante, diario de campo, registro de asesorías y evaluación. El análisis de información, se realizó a través del vaciado, organización, categorización y triangulación con el marco de referencia. Resultados: El programa de intervención permitió desarrollar habilidades de pensamiento crítico, tales como, interpretación, análisis, evaluación, inferencia, explicación y discernimiento, así como también habilidades auxiliares, incluyendo la autoconfianza, escucha, trabajo en equipo, gestión del conocimiento y aplicabilidad de lo aprendido en la cotidianidad. Conclusiones: El debate crítico es una estrategia que aporta al desarrollo de habilidades propias y complementarias de pensamiento crítico, denotando la relevancia de su implementación y aplicación en la práctica educativa.
Del gran abaratamiento a la gran implosión. Clase, clima y la Gran Frontera
Authors: Moore Jason W. , Molinero Gerbeau Yoan
Published: June 2021

Este artículo vincula dos grandes acontecimientos histórico-mundiales: el auge del capitalismo tras 1492 y su crisis epocal actual, al final del Holoceno. El autor sostiene que la interminable acumulación de capital ha sido, desde el principio, posibilitada por la interminable conquista de la Tierra: la Gran Frontera. La ecología-mundo capitalista es un tipo peculiar de sociedad de clases que combina la acumulación monetaria con la apropiación excepcionalmente rápida del trabajo humano y planetario. La Gran Frontera es la zona de la Naturaleza Barata, uniendo dialécticamente la valorización del capital y la desvalorización ético-política de los humanos y del resto de la naturaleza, así, el racismo, el sexismo y el prometeísmo revelan ser pilares ideológicos fundamentales de la acumulación de capital. De manera crucial, la Gran Frontera ha permitido a las burguesías imperialistas avanzar en la productividad del trabajo, reducir los costes de los insumos y resolver las recurrentes crisis de sobreacumulación del capitalismo. Hoy en día, estamos asistiendo a la inversión geohistórica de la estrategia de la Naturaleza Barata del capitalismo. Se trata de la transición de la red de la vida como una dinámica de reducción de costes y aumento de la productividad a otra de maximización de costes y reducción de la productividad. La clase dominante y los economistas marxistas han entendido sus primeros signos como el “Gran Estancamiento”. Pero esto es sólo el principio; podríamos llamarlo una “crisis de señalización”. El Gran Estancamiento indica los primeros momentos de la Gran Implosión. Al igual que el cambio climático se entiende como un proceso no lineal que confunde los modelos biosféricos, la Gran Implosión es una dinámica no lineal a través de la cual las contradicciones del capitalismo en la red de la vida confunden los modelos lineales del cambio histórico. El capitalismo, frente a este panorama, es mucho más vulnerable de lo que creemos, y, sobre todo, lo es a la revuelta que el Proletariado Planetario está cociendo a fuego lento.
Razones de excepción
Authors: Pineda Castañeda Nataly Angélica
Published: June 2021

En el presente artículo analizaremos la Memoria sobre la necesidad de reformar la ley del Congreso Constituyente de 1821 escrita por el entonces senador Joaquín Mosquera con el fin de derogar una ley previa sobre la manumisión de esclavos. Para el presente análisis, nos serviremos de algunas herramientas de las Teorías de la Argumentación: Identificaremos el contenido argumentativo del texto, estandarizaremos las partes de los argumentos y la estructura de la argumentación, representaremos esta estructura en un diagrama, clasificaremos los argumentos en esquemas y luego analizaremos la frecuencia de estos esquemas en la argumentación. Esperamos que los resultados presentados a lo largo de esta investigación sirvan como insumo para futuras pesquisas acerca del contexto social en el que emergen no sólo este discurso sino otros del mismo tipo y para la revisión o formulación de los modelos con los que se analizan las deliberaciones en general.
Lignin-containing adhesion enhancer for wood-plastic composites
Authors: Shulga Galia , Neiberte Brigita , Jaunslavietis Jevgenijs , Verovkins Anrijs , Vitolina Sanita , Shakels Vadims , Livcha Sandra
Published: June 2021

A lignin-containing adhesion enhancer, a water-soluble polyelectrolyte complex (LPEC) composed of soda hardwood lignin (HASL) and polyethylenimine (PEI), and the effect of the treatment of hydrolyzed and ammoxidized aspen sawdust with the LPEC nanoparticles were studied relative to the properties of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) based on recycled polypropylene (rPP). The presence of the excess of free amine groups and salt bonds between PEI and soda lignin, forming hydrophobic sites in the LPEC structure, caused the enhanced surface activity of the LPEC. The treatment with the LPEC nanoparticles increased the content of the fixed nitrogen in the modified sawdust samples and was accompanied by decreasing their water sorption and increasing contact angles that favored the decrease in the polar part of their surface free energy. The decreasing wetting ability enhanced the mechanical and water sorption properties of the obtained WPC samples. The improvement of the interfacial adhesion between the nitrogen-containing groups of the treated sawdust and the oxygen-containing groups of rPP was explained by the formation of both covalent and physicochemical bonds.
Ukraine’s European Integration and Its Current Challenges
Authors: Grіtsenko Andriy , Borzenko - Slozko Olena , Burlay Tаtyana
Published: June 2021

The article shows the importance of Ukraine’s development within the framework of the European integration project. A positive impact of European integration on Ukraine’s development dynamics has been revealed. European integration accelerated after signing and implementing the European Union-Ukraine Association Agreement 2014. The main achievements of Ukraine’s European integration are related to the improvement of its institutions, as well as the growth of trade between Ukraine and the EU. It is found out the most serious challenges of European integration of Ukraine are related to the problems of economic growth, deindustrialization, foreign trade structural distortions, macro-financial stability, as well as the slowdown in a convergence between Ukraine and the EU. It is stated that Ukraine needs to restructure its national economy in line with the European and global context.
Neonatal Mastitis and Concurrent Serious Bacterial Infection
Authors: Kaplan Ron L. , Cruz Andrea T. , Michelson Kenneth A. , McAneney Constance , Blackstone Mercedes M. , Pruitt Christopher M. , Shah Nipam , Noorbakhsh Kathleen A. , Abramo Thomas J. , Marble Richard D. , Middelberg Leah , Smith Kathleen , Kannikeswaran Nirupama , Schnadower David , Srivastava Geetanjali , Thompson Amy D. , Lane Roni D. , Freeman Julia F. , Bergmann Kelly R. , Morientes Oihane , Gerard James , Badaki-Makun Oluwakemi , Avva Usha , Chaudhari Pradip P. , Freedman Stephen B. , Samuels-Kalow Margaret , Haines Elizabeth , Strutt Jonathan , Khanna Kajal , Vance Cheryl , Bajaj Lalit
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES

Describe the clinical presentation, prevalence, and outcomes of concurrent serious bacterial infection (SBI) among infants with mastitis.

METHODS

Within the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee, 28 sites reviewed records of infants aged ≤90 days with mastitis who were seen in the emergency department between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2017. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were summarized.

RESULTS

Among 657 infants (median age 21 days), 641 (98%) were well appearing, 138 (21%) had history of fever at home or in the emergency department, and 63 (10%) had reported fussiness or poor feeding. Blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid cultures were collected in 581 (88%), 274 (42%), and 216 (33%) infants, respectively. Pathogens grew in 0.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04–1.2) of blood, 1.1% (95% CI 0.2–3.2) of urine, and 0.4% (95% CI 0.01–2.5) of cerebrospinal fluid cultures. Cultures from the site of infection were obtained in 335 (51%) infants, with 77% (95% CI 72–81) growing a pathogen, most commonly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (54%), followed by methicillin-susceptible S aureus (29%), and unspecified S aureus (8%). A total of 591 (90%) infants were admitted to the hospital, with 22 (3.7%) admitted to an ICU. Overall, 10 (1.5% [95% CI 0.7–2.8]) had sepsis or shock, and 2 (0.3% [95% CI 0.04–1.1]) had severe cellulitis or necrotizing soft tissue infection. None received vasopressors or endotracheal intubation. There were no deaths.

CONCLUSIONS

In this multicenter cohort, mild localized disease was typical of neonatal mastitis. SBI and adverse outcomes were rare. Evaluation for SBI is likely unnecessary in most afebrile, well-appearing infants with mastitis.
Lo cultural y lo popular en la Radio Nacional de Colombia, 1940-1985
Authors: Bolaños-Florido Leidy
Published: June 2021

La Radiodifusora Nacional de Colombia mantuvo la función docente y cultural, encomendada por los dirigentes liberales que la fundaron en 1940, durante varias décadas. La defensa de difusión de expresiones culturales cultas y su aspiración a liberarse de las presiones de las audiencias despertó las críticas de algunos oyentes, quienes señalaban que la radio pública parecía estar al servicio de una minoría ilustrada y no al alcance de un público popular. Así, mediante registros de prensa, este artículo propone abordar las disputas en torno a las concepciones de lo cultural y lo popular en la radio estatal. Específicamente, el artículo traza los años dorados de su radioteatro hasta los años ochenta, periodo en que sus colaboradores más antiguos se retiran, sus contenidos de programación se modifican y su sintonía decae ante la competencia radial y la importancia cada vez mayor que el gobierno colombiano otorgó a la televisión.
A Case Presentation of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of Duodenum
Authors: Ghazanfar Aamir , Asghar Afifa , Zaman Farrukh , Mumtaz Hassan , Habib Shahzeb , Ahmad  Shahzaib
Published: June 2021

A gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. It is caused by the mutation in KIT and PDGFRα genes. It constitutes <1% of all gastrointestinal tumors. Duodenal GISTs constitute 4.5% of all GISTs. We report a 61-year-old lady, presented with generalized abdominal pain, vomiting, abdominal distension, and nausea for the last 3 years. Physical exam-ination showed a pallor and on abdominal examination, a large palpable mass was extending from the pelvis to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. The CT scan showed a large heterogeneously echogenic mass in the abdomen and pelvis with no lymphadenopathy and distant metastasis in this region. Laparotomy showed a large globular mass extending from the pelvis to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen adherent to the wall of a third part of the duodenum. Complete surgical resection of tumor done with an intact capsule. Microscopic examination showed neoplastic spindle cells with tumor necrosis. An immunohistochemical study confirmed GIST.
Percepções dos professores de uma escola da rede pública do Distrito Federal sobre a Avaliação Nacional da Alfabetização (ANA)
Authors: Souza Thamara Maria de , Dias Robson
Published: June 2021

este artigo teve por objetivo analisar como a Avaliação Nacional da Alfabetização (ANA) é percebida pelos professores do Bloco Inicial de Alfabetização (BIA) de uma escola classe da rede pública de ensino do Distrito Federal (DF). Para o estudo foi realizada uma pesquisa básica, exploratória com abordagem qualitativa. Para compor a pesquisa foram coletados dados por meio de questionário com os professores do BIA e entrevista com um membro da equipe diretiva. Considerando o objetivo da ANA de inserir-se no BIA numa perspectiva de avaliar para redirecionar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem em sala de aula e, também de induzir a produção de políticas educacionais voltadas à melhoria da qualidade da alfabetização no país, os resultados da pesquisa indicam, na percepção dos professores que atuam nas classes de alfabetização da escola pesquisada, a existência de um distanciamento entre o objetivo a que se propunha a ANA e a sua prática real.
Crianças, Leitura, Escrita e Significação: A Busca por um Afetivo Lugar no Coração da Professora.
Authors: Falabelo Raimundo Nonato de Oliveira
Published: June 2021

Este ensaio se impõe, como objetivo, trazer reflexões sobre práticas de alfabetização em classes iniciais do ensino fundamental, procurando responder aos seguintes questionamentos: como a educação e a aprendizagem escolar podem articular-se, em suas práticas de sala de aula, ao conhecimento sistematizado e às singularidades, diversidades e heterogeneidades culturais de suas crianças? Como romper com certa predominância no artificialismo da aprendizagem escolar da linguagem, que se faz, às vezes, desconectada das necessidades formativas de seus educandos?Pretende-se, assim, discorrer sobre o desafio alfabetizador, tendo como questão norteadora, pensar uma acepção de alfabetização que, ao mesmo tempo em que explore a significação contextualizada – que remete a palavra ao cotidiano da criança, as suas aprendizagens iniciais, assistemáticas – se refaz em seu inverso, inserindo-a em um mundo cultural, de conhecimentos para além do seu cotidiano.