bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation on the Circulation Economical Patterns Based on the Ecology Philosophy
Authors: Meng Ying
Published: October 2011

The circulation economy guides the economic activity through both of the ecology rules and movements of the materials circulation in ecosystem. The purpose of the circulation economy is to change the traditional economical development pattern by the ways of recycling the resources so that a new economic system that conforms the ecology rules would be constructed. It is highly significant to conduct the research of the circulation economical strategy of enterprise development on the basis of ecology's basic philosophy. This study, from the perspective of ecological economics, has analyzed application of the ecology principles in circulation economy process of the enterprise development.
Study of Comparison between Effects on Micro-Climate of Two Sides of Yangtze River with River Wind in Wuhan in Winter
Authors: Cai Ying , Chen Hong , Yuan Li , Han Gan Bo , Huang Yan Yan
Published: October 2011

Wuhan is a typical representative of the big cities belted along with Yangtze River, We can collect relevant date, analyze the situation of wind and thermal environment in this area, by field measurement on the two typical blocks beside the river, to get to grasp the actual effect of river wind on the waterfront.With the study on the adjustment rule of the large-scare water to the micro-climate, the guidance for the urban planning based on the climatic adaptation could be putted forward.
The Degree Indexes of Sustainable Development of she County, Sun Village, and Tong-Ling City in Anhui Provence
Authors: Tang Jian She , Huang Xian Huai , Xiang Li , Chen Guang Zhou
Published: October 2011

In this study, 21 indicators, which constitute an assessment framework of sustainable development, were drawn from the ecological, environment, society, and economic subsystem. The degree index of sustainable development (DI) was first put forward and was calculated by weighting the indicators. We assessed the DI of She County, Sun Village, and Tong-ling City in Anhui Provence. The result showed that the Tong-ling City characterized the highest sustainable development level. And Sun Village performed strongest sustainable development ability.
The Famous Modem Japanese Designer Arata Endo with Changchun New Building Modern Buildings
Authors: Mo Wei , Wang Na Na
Published: October 2011

This paper attempts to have a in-depth analysis of the characteristics of modern architectural works of the Arata Endo in Changchun which will make a comparison with the other creative architects in China in the same period, in order to excavated the creating new ideas in China and make a comprehensive definition.
Study on Beijing’s Energy Utilization and Forecast Energy Supply and Demand Based on Grey Model
Authors: Li Hong Ze , Guo Sen , Fu Li Wen
Published: October 2011

Beijing is a typical city of energy resources shortage and there exists the contradiction between energy supply and demand. This paper analyzes the current situation and existing problems of Beijing’s energy utilization, and then forecasts Beijing’s energy supply and demand from 2011 to 2015 based on four kinds of grey forecasting models, finds out that the equilibrium of Beijing’s energy supply and demand is fairly weak with higher external dependence and there is a large room for improving the proportion of quality energy and for developing and utilizing renewable energy. Finally, on the basis of the current situation of Beijing's energy utilization and the development trend in the next few years, some suggestions are proposed.
The Design and Implementation of a Video Surveillance System for Large Scale Wind Farm
Authors: Song Li Juan , Fan Qiang
Published: October 2011

In this paper, a model of the video surveillance system is proposed, which is defined as the centralized, regional and local these three monitoring levels. The design and implementation of the system is described from the acquisition, transmission and monitoring subsystems. The problems that should be noticed in construction of the acquisition subsystem are pointed out. A variety of network technologies are analyzed from the view of the construction cost and post-maintenance. The transmission structure with disaster recovery performance is given on the basis of network contrast. In the end, the key technologies and functions of monitoring subsystem are given.
Study on the Shadow Price of Coal in China
Authors: Yang Ying
Published: October 2011

Shadow price can reflect the resources’ scarcity and their contribution for economy. This paper constructed an input-output LP model based on methods of input-output combined with linear programming. And then, this paper measured the shadow price of coal using this input-output LP model based on China’s input-output tables in 1987-2007 and used the method of scenario simulation analysis to measure the shadow price of coal under different developing rates of coal industry. The results showed that the shadow price of coal in China showed an overall upward trend from 1987 to 2007 and the coal’s shadow price will gradually reduce with the expansion of the coal industry on the existing economies’ scale.
Exploration on Bilingual-Teaching of Automatic Control Theory
Authors: Gu Shen Shen , Jiang Ying
Published: October 2011

Automatic Control Theory is a required course of great importance for students who major in automation. During the winter semester of 2010, School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation of Shanghai University has launched a bilingual-teaching program on Automatic Control Theory for the first time. This paper explores the contents, methods and models of bilingual-teaching in Automatic Control Theory based on the experience and review of this program in Shanghai University. Some methods and measures are proposed in this paper to improve the quality of bilingual-teaching in Automatic Control Theory by making analysis after the collection of students’ survey results.
Construction of Evaluation Index System for Coordinated Development about Society, Economy, Resources and Environment in ShenFu Mining Area
Authors: Zhao Xiao Guang , Song Shi Jie , Xie Juan , Zhang Yong
Published: October 2011

In this paper, the coordinated development system in a typical resource-based coal mining area is divided into four subsystems, respectively society, economy, resources and environment. Taking ShenFu mining area in north of Shaanxi as the example, and the relevant statistics of society, economy, resources and environment in the area from 2000 to 2006 as the basic data, finally evaluation index system of coordinated development about society, economy, resources and environment in ShenFu mining area, containing four subsystems, a total of 23 indexes was constructed through analyzing and screening of the qualitative and quantitative main component. Since the evaluation index system is established on the basic of the actual data in ShenFu mining area from 2000 to 2006, some limitations might be available inevitably. However, it has important reference and guiding significance for the evaluation of coordinated development in the area and other similar areas. And this index system is flexible in application as it not only could be used in the evaluation of the particular area as a whole system, but also can be split to analyze the coordinated development among the four subsystems that are society, economy, resources and environment, which plays an important role to highlight the key problems.
Research on High Temperature Low Cycle Fatigue Crack Propagation of 2.25Cr-lMo Steel under Complex Stress State
Authors: Zhang Wen Xiao , Gao Guo Dong , Mu Guang Yu
Published: October 2011

The crack propagation law of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel with notched cylinder was researched under high temperature low cycle fatigue. The crack propagation life was viewed by fatigue experiment and the equivalent stress-strain on the crack tip was calculated by the ANSYS. The equivalent J-integral range which was computed by equivalent elastic and plastic strain ranges were employed to denote the fatigue crack propagation rate. The results showed that crack propagation law of this material under complex stress state can be characterized by equivalent J-integral ranges and the relation between da/dN and ΔJf is not influenced by the type of notch and the load strain range.
Finite Element Analysis of Moving Trestle of CNC Machine Tool
Authors: Sun Lei , Wang Ming Hai , Li Xiao Peng , Sun Yue
Published: October 2011

Taking moving trestle of machine tool as example,the modal analysis and harmonic response analysis were done by means of finite element method. Find out its characteristics of vibration modal. The analysis is conducive to the design of the moving trestle of machine tool. It makes a base for optimized design and remanufacturing.
Preparation of Melamine-Formaldehyde Resin Microcapsules Used for Electrophoretic Display
Authors: Xian Hua Feng , Zhong Yi , Luo Yan
Published: October 2011

The microcapsules used for electrophoretic display were prepared by in-situ polymerization. The core material contained electrophoretic particles (phthalocyanine blue and TiO2) and tetrachloroethylene (TCE), and the wall material were made of melamine-formaldehyde resin. The effects of preparation conditions, such as the concentration of surfactant, the ratio of core material to wall material, the pH values were all experimentally investigated. Moreover, titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles were modified with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TPM) in order to obtain a lipophilic surface. Furthermore, the modified TiO2was coated with polystyrene (PS) for improving the density mismatch between TiO2particles and TCE. The core material of phthalocyanine blue was modified with octadecylamine to improve its dispersibility in TCE. The morphology of microcapsules was observed by optical microscope. The coated TiO2particles were characterized by scanning electron microscope and thermogravimetry analysis. The modified TiO2particles and phthalocyanine blue were determined by FTIR spectrometry.
Selection of Construction Parameters in Heading Pre-Reinforcement Working Method for Liuyang River Tunnel on Wuhan-Guangzhou High-Speed Railway
Authors: Xiang Zhi Min , Yuan Ren Ai , Qi Tai Yue
Published: October 2011

The Liuyang River Tunnel on Wuhan-Guangzhou High-Speed Railway goes through the bottom of Liuyang River, the geological condition of which wall rock is not suitable for the construction. The paper proposes the heading pre-reinforcement method, namely pre-reinforcing core soil ahead of heading with fiberglass rockbolt in construction in order to optimize the construction methods and avoid both the deformation inside the tunnel and surface subsidence, and to ensure safety of tunnel construction. In order to determine the reasonable construction parameters, the paper obtains reinforcement density and length of fiberglass rockbolt, pre-reinforcement method on outline of heading, excavation step length and other construction parameters, by the numerical simulation, the indoor model tests and other methods, and analyzes its sensitivity. It is shown by the practices in construction that the selected parameters are reasonable and significantly effective, thus providing valuable experience for promotion and application of heading pre-reinforcement method.
Study on Multiple Pesticides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Using Modified QuEChERS Method - a Case Study on CHM
Authors: Dong Yi Wei , Bai Wei , Li Yu Zhong , Xu Chun Ying , Fang Fu Li , Guo Zhi Cheng
Published: October 2011

QuEChERS is an acetonitrile partitioning and dispersive solid-phase extraction (D-SPE) method that widely used in the analysis of multiple classes of pesticide residues in vegetable and fruit. In this paper, we modified it to fulfill analysis on much more complex matrix-Chinese herbal medicine, and High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was chosen for analysis. This method could be applied to quantitative and qualitative analysis of a wide range of pesticides in Chinese herbal medicine (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus as sample).
Analysis of Synthetic Antioxidant in Food by Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Xiang Qian , Gao Ying
Published: October 2011

A capillary electrophoretic assay for determining synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole in food has been developed. The extraction with 70% (v/v) methanol quantitatively extracted synthetic antioxidant. The separation was carried out by CZE using phosphate at a separation potential of 18 kV. Amperometric detection was achieved with an applied potential of 0.60 V. A linear relationship between the peak height and the concentration of the analyte was found in the range 1.8-180 µg/mL for BHA, with correlation coefﬁcient of 0.994. The relative standard deviations of migration time and peak height were 0.19 and 5.3 %, respectively. The method developed was successfully applied for the determination of synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole in food. Recovery of butylated hydroxyanisole was 93%.
Development of Greener and Safer Assays for Hydrochloride Drugs: Photometric Microtitration of Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride and Metformin Hydrochloride
Authors: Rojanarata Theerasak , Waewsa-Nga Kwanrutai , Buacheen Parin , Opanasopit Praneet , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait
Published: October 2011

An environmentally friendlier, safer and saver method is described for the assay of drugs as hydrochloride salts namely metformin hydrochloride and phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride via the determination of their chloride contents. In this method, an aqueous solution of drug was treated with measured excess of silver nitrate in the presence of nitric acid, followed by the determination of unreacted silver nitrate by Volhard’s method using ammonium thiocyanate titrant and iron(III) alum indicator. To minimize the reagents consumed and wastes generated, the reactions were scaled down to less than 2 mL carried out in microcentrifuge tubes and using micropipettes for the transfer of reagents. The equivalence point was determined by spectrophotometry to diminish visual errors by reading the absorbance of red iron(III) thiocyante complex at 450 nm on microplates, which quickened the measurements of multi-samples. After validation, the method showed satisfactory accuracy and precision and was successfully applied for the assay of both drugs in raw materials, giving the results comparable to the pharmacopeial methods. In addition, the proposed assay was free from the use of harsh, toxic and environmentally harmful chemicals i.e. glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, mercuric acetate which are employed in the USP non-aqueous titration methods. Thus, the method is considerably safer for analysts and is a cost-effective and green analytical method suitable for a sustainable environment.
Coupled Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Lining with High External and Internal Water Pressure
Authors: Zhang Qing , Liu Zhong Qiu
Published: October 2011

Considering reinforced concrete lining often using in underground diversion tunnels as permeable media and combining concrete smeared cracking model, equivalent continuum porous saturated hydro-mechanical coupling model of lining is established based on generalized Biot’s theory. Reinforcement in concrete structures is typically provided by means of rebars which are embedded in the concrete. Then the model is applied to analyze lining structures of Jinping diversion tunnels during excavation and operation processes in which high external and internal water pressure would play a dominant role in affecting the behavior of lining respectively. Coupling research are carried out to analyze some important factors that would influence the hydro-mechanical behavior of lining and surrounding rock mass such as decreased orders of hydraulic conductivity magnitude of grouting zone, internal water pressure acting as body force and existing cracks in the lining, and the results shows that grouting zone of good quality and sufficient measurement for preventing the cracks from initiation and coalescence in the lining are important for the construction and operation of the diversion tunnels.
Study on Returns Policy Contract Mechanism in Biomass Supply Chain under Risk Preference
Authors: Lin Tao , Zhang Yong , Fan Jia Qing
Published: October 2011

With the increasing development of biomass energy industry in both the world and China, it is significant to research on the contract design about biomass energy raw materials. In this paper, a two-stage supply chain under the returns policy contract mechanism is established firstly. It concerns the rife model of “base + famers” in China, which is based on economics and game theory. Secondly, the optimum order quantity of the leading part, base, is taken into major consideration so as to achieve the coordination of the supply chain, under the condition of different risk preference. Finally, a numerical analysis is provided to help conclude an optimal coordination strategy and ensure the effectiveness of the strategy.
Study on Post-Bid Market Competition and English Auction for Common Resources
Authors: Huang Ying
Published: October 2011

Based on different post-bid market competition models, this paper studies expected revenue of government in English auction for two common resources usage licenses. Each bidder adjusts their competitors’ cost belief with information revealed in English auction process and decides product quantities in post-bid market if he wins the bid. After calculation and analysis, the following conclusions are reached: English auction would be profitable for government in Cournot and Stackelberg post-bid market competition. Government expected revenue experiences positive relevance with market size and number of bidders in two models. Moreover, government benefits more from Cournot competition in product market rather than Stackelberg competition.
Deformation Simulation of Surrounding Rock at Faulted Zone during Roadway Drivage
Authors: Qi Yue Ming , Zhao Xiao Er , Bai Hai Bo , Jiao Yang
Published: October 2011

Sometimes transportation roadways needed to go through the water-conducted normal fault with high dip and big fault throw in order to ensure the mining continuance, the two key factors were fault water and deformation of surrounding rock which influenced the digging safety and stabilization of roadways. On the base of analyzing clearly the FB11fault in 2ndsubterranean mine, pingshuo diggings, the fault water was drained and COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to simulate deformation and destruction of the surrounding rock. The following conclusions were drew that larger amount of deformation and destruction caused in single roadway than double roadway drivage, The deformation in soft surrounding rock was larger than in hard rock, the fault had more influence on soft surrounding rock than hard layer. the fault made the plastic area extend to the whole fault belt, The above conclusions were confirmed by the following drivage project .
An Empirical Correlation for Maximum Penetration Depth of a Particle Impacting on a Free Surface at its Critical Velocity Condition
Authors: Liu Dong Mei , Evans Geoffrey Michael , He Qing Lin
Published: October 2011

Film flotation is a process which consumes much lower energy than mechanical cells. The extended film flotation technique is to separate mineral mixtures by different critical impact velocities. In this study the maximum penetration depth of a particle at its critical condition was investigated experimentally and theoretically. Experiments were performed using spherical glass beads of different diameters and hydrophobicities and different liquids. The penetration depth at critical condition was recorded and measured using high speed video camera. Buckingham’s PI theorem was applied to analyse the dimensionless groups, and then an empirical correlation for penetration depth was obtained by partial least squares method. It was found that the prediction results of the empirical equation were in good agreement with the measurements. Also, the influence factors were analysed. It was noticed that the hydrophobicities of particle and particle-liquid density ratio had most significant effects on the penetration depth.
Study on Injection-Production Well Connectedness Evaluation Method in Polymer Flooding Reservoir
Authors: Chen Fu Zhen , Jiang Han Qiao , Yang Jing , Liu Dong Mei , Sun Liang , Li Yuan Yuan
Published: October 2011

This paper introduces the Grey theory to evaluate the injection-production well connectedness in polymer flooding reservoir. Gery theory can give the law of the data by data analysis and calculation. Through the production data dynamic analysis and calculation using the Grey method, realized the injection-production well connectedness quantitative evaluation in polymer flooding reservoir. Comparing the injection-production well connectedness calculate by the Gery method with the tracer test result shows that using the Gery method to calculate the injection- production well connectedness can get reliable and accurate results. This method can be used to calculate the injection-production well connectedness in polymer flooding reservoir.
Research on Low-Temperature Dehydration of Crude Oil Based on Paraffin-Based Demulsifier
Authors: Long Zheng Jun , Fu Ya Rong , Li Dong Qing , Fu Li Xia , Fu Qian
Published: October 2011

In order to reduce the temperature of paraffin-based crude oil，is applied low-temperature dehydration performance of the AE8051, is the good effects of high viscosity crude oil dehydration polyether polyol-based SAA and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol ether BP28 for "coordination" recovery distribution is also applied. As result , a small amount of C-F surfactant will make the system active and increase the solubility of paraffin-based demulsifier in crude oil at low temperature FYR-015. The basic formula, which by low-temperature synthesis of a series of demulsifier samples at concentration of 200mg / L(in water) and 30% of the joint stand of the mixed oil at 40 °C, has been the relative dehydration rates of 90 minutes over 93% of the 3 a formula of low-temperature demulsifier, the dual temperature demulsifier compound obtained in the same temperature, the same dosage effect of the case of dehydration and a single dose equivalent in dosage trials are three formulations of low temperature demulsifier in 40 °C are the best dosage 100mg / L. Xuanze solid content of 55% of finished emulsion breaker formulation 5 into field use, dosage to 60 mg / L when the water content of crude oil were isolated less than 0.2%, to reach the standard of foreign crude oil output quality, extrusion sewage oil is less than 50 mg / L, water clear.
Experimental Study of Anionic Gemini Surfactant Enhancing Waterflooding Recovery Ratio
Authors: Tang Shan Fa , Hu Xiao Dong , Ouyang Xiang Nan , Yan Shuang Xi , Wen Shou Cheng , Lai Yan Ling
Published: October 2011

The oil-water interfacial tension measurement and enhancing water displacement recovery experiment were carried out, and the effects of various parameters such as category of surfactants, anionic Gemini surfactant concentration, water medium salinity, core permeability, polymer and non-ionic surfactant on anionic Gemini surfactants enhancing water displacement recovery were investigated in detail. The results show that surfactants category is different, its enhancing water flooding recovery efficiency is different, and effect of enhanced oil recovery is consistent with surfactant ability to reduce oil-water interfacial tension. The anionic Gemini surfactant AN12-4-12 is the best in enhancing water flooding recovery efficiency, because it can reduce the oil-water interfacial tension to 5×10-3 mN•m-1. Increasing the concentration of AN12-4-12 is favorable to enhance water displacement recovery. Such as when injecting 0.5PV solution containing 800mg•L-1 AN12-4-12, enhancing water displacement recovery is 11.67%. AN12-4-12 has good adaptability to different salinities (5~25×104 mg•L-1) and low permeability reservoir in improving water displacement recovery. Adding non-ionic surfactant ANT into AN12-4-12 solution can further reduce oil-water interfacial tension and enhance water flooding recovery efficiency. For example, injecting 0.5PV surfactant solution containing 400mg•L-1 AN12-4-12 and 100mg•L-1 can enhance water displacement recovery of 10.7%.
Skin Effect Correction Method of Multi-Frequency Array Induction
Authors: He Zhi Bing , Dong Wu , Fan Ying
Published: October 2011

Many factors may affect array induction log, including skin effect. In this paper, according to relative formula deduced, a correction method of skin effect based on multi-frequency measurement signals is proposed using only the real component. This paper gives apparent conductivities that are from first order derivative correction and second order derivative correction by Chebyshev polynomial fitting method. Compared with measured data calculation, it showed that the correction results from the method above were in good agreement with the data from Express software.
Demulsification of Crude Oil Emulsion Using Propylene Oxide-Ethylene Oxide Block Copolymer
Authors: Wang Jian Jun , Wang Xue Kui , Sha Zuo Liang
Published: October 2011

The effect of concentration, temperature and pH-value on the demulsification potency of the propylene oxide and ethylene oxide block copolymer initiated from alkylphenol formaldehyde resin in breaking up emulsion from Daqing oilfield have been investigated. The results revealed that demulsification potency of the studied demulsifier increases with the increase of demulsifier at low concentration, the increase of temperature, the increase of acidic pH-value and the increase of demulsification time, respectively. In the meantime, demulsification potency of the studied demulsifier decreases with the increase of demulsifier at high concentration and the increase of basic pH-value, respectively. Neutral pH-value of the emulsion was found to be the optimum value causing maximum demulsification potency.
Extraction of Copper and Cobalt from Nickel Chloride Solution with N235
Authors: Zhou Xue Jiao , Xia Wen Tang , Yin Jian Guo
Published: October 2011

Copper and cobalt were extracted from nickel chloride solution with N235. The various parameters considered in this work were N235concentration, reaction time, phase ratio (O/A) and pH value. The optimum conditions are determined that concentration of N235 in organic phase is 40% (volume fraction), the phase ratio (O/A) is 1:2, pH value is 2~4, chloride concentration is 5.76 mol/L and the reaction time is 4 min. Under the optimized operating conditions, cobalt and copper extracted effectively and the extraction rates at the single stage reached 90% and 97%, respectively. After five stage continuous counter-current process, the concentrations of copper, cobalt, iron in the raffinate are less than 0.0008 g/L，0.008 g/L and 0.0025 g/L, respectively, and the recovery of nickel is higher than 92%. The separation effect is steady and satisfied for the electrolysis.
Effect of Air Moisture on Pepper Growth with Different Irrigation Methods in a Greenhouse
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Tie Liang
Published: October 2011

Air moisture in a greenhouse is an important factor to reduce crop diseases and insect pests and to increase crop yield. When soil moisture was 60%-70% of field capacity and the irrigating quota was 15mm, this paper experimentally studies the effect of air moisture on the growth of pepper in the greenhouse. Moreover, it analyzed the incidence of crop pests diseases respectively with small tube flow, infiltration irrigation, drip irrigation and furrow irrigation. The results show that the relevance between air moisture and irrigation methods is obvious. The variety trend of air temperature and air moisture are opposite, when the air temperature in a greenhouse is controlled between 25°C and 28°C, the air moisture in a greenhouse is lower. And the air moisture in a greenhouse is the lowest with infiltration irrigation, the incidence of crop diseases and insect pests is close to that with small tube flow and 35% lower than that with furrow irrigation; and the yield (2310kg/mu) is the highest with infiltration irrigation. The yield of pepper with drip irrigation, infiltration irrigation and small tube flow are 17%、39%、34% higher than that with furrow irrigation respectively.
The Research of Ice-Water Phase Change and Heat Transfer in Natural Environment of Northern Winter in China
Authors: Zou Chun Yang , Zhou Fu Jun , Zhang Fei
Published: October 2011

It is a problem of the ice with transient heat of the solidification and melting which usually is a part of "phase change" or "moving boundary". The paper is a research about measurement and analysis of the icing in the rectangular tank outdoor under natural conditions, the paper adopts the method which combines theoretical analysis with experimental verification to establish a mathematical model of the unstable-state and dynamic cool storage in one-dimensional rectangular coordinate system. Conclusion is drawn that the thickness of water icing in the natural conditions according to the change of the time and environmental condition, which provide a theoretical basis to determine the best program of the frozen, the frozen time and the best size of the frozen container. It is helpful for the further research of the icing store in the winter ice and make the best of natural resources in the north winter.
Effect of Storage Treatments on Anthocyanin, Fumonisin B1, Aflatoxin B1 Content of Anthocyanin Extract from Purple Corn (Zea may L.) in North China
Authors: Zhang Chao , Ma Yue , Zhao Xiao Yan , Wang Fen
Published: October 2011

Effects of storage treatments on anthocyanin, fumonisin B1, aflatoxin B1 content of anthocyanin extract from purple corn were evaluated based on the harvest of 2008 and 2009 in north China. The anthocyanin content of anthocyanin extract from husk was 62.4 g/kg, being significant higher than that from cob and seed. The fumonisin B1 and aflatoxin B1 content of anthocyanin extract from the husk were 4.25 and 5.60 μg/kg, respectively, according with legislative limitation of USFDA. Moreover, the fumonisin B1 and aflatoxin B1 content of anthocyanin extract from the husk were lower than the maximum limitation of USFDA after each storage treatments. Therefore, the husk of the purple corn in north China was feasible for anthocyanin production due to its high anthocyanin content and low fumonisin B1 and aflatoxin B1 content.
Optimization of Extraction Condition of Mycelium Polysaccharide from Tricholoma mongolium by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Wu Xiao Tong , Ren Qi Wei , Zhang Jie , Zhao Ji , Han Su Ting , Li Cui Ying
Published: October 2011

In this paper, the hot water extraction conditions of mycelium polysaccharide ofTricholoma mongoliumwere investigated. By single-factor experiments, ethanol amount was determined at three times and the other factors (liquid–solid ratio, extraction temperature and time) were chosen to further optimize extraction conditions using response surface methodology (RSM). The Center Composite experimental results showed the optimum extraction conditions as follows: a temperature of 85.38°C, a liquid–solid ratio of 31.78 g/ mL and a extraction time of 2.18 h. Under these conditions, two extractions sufficiently reached the maximal the rate of mycelium polysaccharide 7.23%.
Method of Pretreatment for Biodegradation of Rice Straw
Authors: Yu Jian Xing , Li Jia You , Shen Jie , Lu Zhu Feng
Published: October 2011

Rice straw was pretreated with alkaline to improve degradation by Coprinus cinereus. After straw soaked in 5% NaOH for 24h, straw biodegradation conditions include nitrogen source concentration, moisture content, pH which were the main influence factors were studied. The results showed the optimum nitrogen source concentration was 3%, moisture content was 65% and pH was 6 for 15d fermentation. A theoretical maximum cellulose biodegradation of 34.4% was obtained when straw chips were under the fermentation condition of nitrogen source concentration (ammonium nitrate)4.47%(w/w), moisture content 67.4%(w/w), pH 6.37 fermented at 28°Cfor 15d by RSA Experiment.
Study on Extraction of Amygdalin by Ethanol Refluxing from Waste Loquat Kernel
Authors: Liu Wei , Huang Du Shu , Yi Ping , Fan Ai Ping , Yang Jin , Min Yong , Gao Miao Fu
Published: October 2011

Extraction of amygdalin by ethanol refluxing from waste loquat kernel was performed successfully. Amygdalin concentrations were determined by using ultraviolet spectrophotometry with ethanol as solvent at 210 nm. And the influences of various factors on extraction process were discussed. The result shows that the concentration of ethanol is the most influencing factor in this process, and then the solid-liquid volume ratio, the extraction temperature and the extraction time. Optimum conditions for this extraction process are: the solid-liquid volume ratio is 1/10, the concentration of ethanol is 65%, the extraction temperature is 60°C and the extraction time is 45min.
Research on Effect of Introducing Clean Energy in Compact City
Authors: Jing Ling , Zhao Jing Bo
Published: October 2011

This paper focuses on the effect of introducing clean energy in compact city. As is well known, carbon-dioxide emissions from burning gas are about half the level from coal. It is cleaner to generate electricity with natural gas than coal. When it is used for combined heat and power (CHP) system, utilization ratio and utilize benefit could be advanced considerably. This paper chooses a case in Changchun to research the effect. Three energy supply systems are set up, namely boiler system (system A) and two combined heat and power systems (system B and system C). The intensity of energy consumption of Changchun could be reckoned according to the intensity of energy consumption of Tokyo and the ratio of Degree-day of the two cities. Likewise, equipment efficiency, equipment price, energy price, CO2 emission intensity and depreciation rate are postulated. According to calculated and given data to calculate primary energy consumption, CO2emission, initial cost, annual operation costs and payback periods. The results are as follows: CHP systems (system B and system C) energy saving rates are respectively 22.9% and 8.0%, CO2 reduction rates are respectively 24.6% and 10.0%, payback periods are respectively 7.8 and 4.3 years relative to the boiler system (system A). Comparing the results of three systems, it could conclude that CHP systems (system B and system C) using natural gas would be attractive options when introducing energy system in compact cities.
Study on Energy-Saving Crown Block Anti-Collision of Oil Drilling Rig
Authors: Li Shi Bin , Qiu Ya Ling , Yu Ping , Luo Hui , Zhang Wei
Published: October 2011

In view of present security problems existing from traveling block’s speed by manual control, a kind of energy-saving automatic anti-collision scheme is put forward. An analysis of the transmission system structure of ZJ70L-ZPD oil drilling rig can obtain the influence that the alteration of diesel engine speed results in the alteration of speed of traveling block rising or falling. Fuzzy control system is established by fuzzy control strategy that concludes input quantity rotation speed deviation and deviation ratio and output quantity throttle aperture, which creates fuzzy control data sheet by offline calculating. Decelerate gradient on the set position of decay area was calculated by detecting the speed of the braking point, through the way that queries the fuzzy control table to real-time adjust output quantity of throttle size so as to achieve the purpose of anti-collision. This kind of anti-collision scheme reduces energy consumption by figuring out the real-time speed deviation to adjust fuel charge, avoids the braking system power dissipation off the kinetic energy by means of frictional heat when traveling block rising, provides new ideas and methods to solve problem of crown block anti-collision.
Analogical Approach for Optimizing Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline Network System
Authors: Abraham Debebe Woldeyohannes , bin Abd Majid Mohd Amin
Published: October 2011

The increase in demand for natural gas in different sectors attracted different scholars in optimizing the operation and configurations of natural gas pipeline network (NGPN) systems. Even though there have been reports regarding the attempts of solutions for optimizing NGPN problems, the issues of NGPN regarding energy minimizations are not fully address yet. This paper proposed robust solution for NGPN system energy consumption minimization at compressor stations based on analogical approach. The analogies between NGPN system and inventory model were observed and applied in the analysis of steady state NGPN system. The proposed technique is based on the inventory model to find optimal operations for natural gas pipeline network system. The method for the determination of the optimal pressures was efficient and handled the non-linearity that occurs on both objective and the constraint equations. Results on a gunbarrel NGPN showed the proposed method assisted in determining the discharge and suction pressures to minimized energy consumption at compressor stations.
The dynamics of the restricted three-body problem
Authors: Anderson Keegan D.
Published: October 2011

We give an overview of the field of dynamic systems and the techniques used to study such systems. We then review the restricted three-body problem and use the techniques from dynamic systems to gain insight into some classical results in the restricted three-body problem.
Economical challenges to microbial producers of butanol: Feedstock, butanol ratio and titer
Authors: Gu Yang , Jiang Yu , Wu Hui , Liu Xudong , Li Zhilin , Li Jian , Xiao Han , Shen Zhaobing , Dong Hongjun , Yang Yunliu , Li Yin , Jiang Weihong , Yang Sheng
Published: October 2011

Butanol is an important solvent and transport fuel additive, and can be produced by microbial fermentation. Attempts to generate a superior microbial producer of butanol have been made through different metabolic engineering strategies. However, to date, butanol bio‐production is still not economically competitive compared to petrochemical‐derived production because of its major drawbacks, such as, high cost of the feedstocks, low butanol concentration in the fermentation broth and the co‐production of low‐value by‐products acetone and ethanol. Here we analyze the main bottlenecks in microbial butanol production and summarize relevant advances from recently reported studies. Further needs and directions for developing real industrially applicable strains in butanol production are also discussed.
Reforming of Biofuels as a Promising Option for a Sustainable Future Hydrogen Economy
Authors: Martin Stefan , Lucka Klaus , Wörner Antje , Vetter Armin
Published: October 2011

Trotz großer technischer Fortschritte existieren noch immer zahlreiche Hindernisse für eine breite Markteinführung der Wasserstoff‐ und Brennstoffzellentechnologie. Neben der Senkung der Herstellungskosten ist hier auch der Aufbau einer Verteilungsinfrastruktur für Wasserstoff zu nennen. Entscheidend für die Beurteilung des Sekundärenergieträgers Wasserstoff ist nicht zuletzt, ob es gelingt Wasserstoff nachhaltig zu erzeugen. Unter der Annahme eines verstärkten Markteintritts von Brennstoffzellen‐Fahrzeugen ab 2020, stellt die Reformierung biogener Flüssigbrennstoffe der 1. Generation (insbesondere Pflanzenöl) eine alternative Option zur Wasserstofferzeugung dar. Die vorgestellten Potenzialabschätzungen zeigen, dass bei entsprechenden politischen Rahmenbedingungen 2020 etwa 6 – 8 % des heutigen Kraftstoffbedarfs durch nachhaltig erzeugten Wasserstoff abgedeckt werden könnte.
Tsunami: massively parallel homomorphic hashing on many‐core GPUs
Authors: Chu Xiaowen , Zhao Kaiyong , Li Zongpeng
Published: October 2011

Homomorphic hash functions play a key role in securing distributed systems that use coding techniques such as erasure coding and network coding. The computational complexity of homomorphic hash functions remains a main challenge. In this paper, we present a massively parallel solution, named Tsunami, by exploiting the widely available many‐core graphic processing units (GPUs). Tsunami includes the following optimization techniques to achieve the highest ever hashing throughput: (1) using Montgomery multiplication and precomputation to speed up modular exponentiations; (2) using a clean implementation of Montgomery multiplication in order to decrease the demand of registers and shared memory and increase the utilization ratio of GPU processing cores; (3) using our own assembly code to implement the 32‐bit integer multiplication, which outperforms the assembly codes generated by the native compiler by 20%; and (4) exploiting memory alignment and constant memory on GPUs to improve the efficiency of memory access. Integrating the above techniques, our Tsunami achieves a significant improvement over existing results. Specifically, the hashing throughput achieved by Tsunami on a GTX295 GPU (NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA, US) is about 33 times that of the existing solution on a quad‐core CPU. We also show that the hashing throughput grows almost linearly with the number of GPU cores. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing queries with expensive video predicates in cloud environment
Authors: Zhang Yansong , Yu Lisheng , Zhang Xiao , Wang Shan , Li Hui
Published: October 2011

With the rapid developments in video processing technologies, video data have increased rapidly and become popular in our daily life for both professional and consumer applications such as surveillance, education and entertainment. Because of the increasing processing workload, more and more queries with expensive video predicates are being implemented in a parallel environment for better performance. Such requirements entail that the data management system not only be able to store and access video content, but also be able to optimize queries that have expensive video predicates in an effective and efficient way in a cloud environment. In previous research literatures, parallel and distributed policies and query optimizations in relational database management systems are often based on the disk input/output (I/O) cost of involved operations and network transmission cost. However, for a query that contains expensive video predicates in a cloud environment, the traditional cost estimation model does not work well. Although researchers have proposed some approaches that can solve the problem in certain situations, there are still some unresolved issues, and these approaches need further optimizations. This paper is motivated by a real‐world large supermarket business data and video surveillance data management scenario in a parallel environment. By considering the characteristics of video data and their expensive processing, we present methods named operating results buffer and operating results buffer‐C for implementing expensive video predicates at simple node, mapping video data and executing expensive video predicates in a cloud environment, which reduce the cost of video data transmission and the invoking times of expensive video predicates. We propose a novel query optimization approach that reconstructs the join order‐based estimation for attribute cardinality and computes the total cost with I/O, network and expensive processing. This approach reduces the invoking times of expensive video predicates to a greater degree and gives a better solution for mixed query optimization, which contains traditional data types and large object operations in a cloud environment. Our query performance improves by 30% to 80% compared with existing expensive predicates query optimization methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compiler supports for VLIW DSP processors with SIMD intrinsics
Authors: Kuan Chi‐Bang , Lee Jenq Kuen
Published: October 2011

To sustain growing multimedia workload, modern digital signal processing (DSP) processors are commonly equipped with subword instructions to accelerate signal processing. Besides subword, functional units of very long instruction word (VLIW) DSP processors can also be employed to process multiple data streams in parallel. However, because of power and area concerns, many embedded VLIW DSP processors adopt distributed register files to reduce read/write ports and wire connection by privatizing register files for clusters and even for functional units. The distributed design presents great challenges to compilers in distributing single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) workload to functional units. In this paper, we address the issue in supporting SIMD parallelism on VLIW DSP processors with subword instructions and distributed register files. Currently, industrial practices have adopted intrinsics that enable developers to utilize hardware resources and compete with hand‐coded assembly in performance. However, it is still an open issue to provide such a solution for VLIW DSP processors with distributed register files. In this work, we provide SIMD intrinsics to allow programmers to write highly optimized codes by following given programming guides. In addition, an enhanced register allocation scheme and data replication optimizations are devised to enable efficient code generation. In our experiments, DSPstone benchmark and a set of H.264 kernels are used to evaluate the proposed programming and optimization schemes. The result shows that by combining SIMD intrinsics and compiler optimizations, one is able to obtain remarkable performance improvements, speedups of 2.9 and 3.5 for DSPstone and H.264 kernels, respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trust assessment: a personalized, distributed, and secure approach
Authors: Carchiolo Vincenza , Longheu Alessandro , Malgeri Michele , Mangioni Giuseppe
Published: October 2011

Currently several computer‐based scenarios leverage the concept of trust as a mean to make electronic interactions (e.g., e‐commerce transactions) as reliable as possible, allowing to cope with uncertainty and risks by recommending trusted peers. Generally, the evaluation of trustworthiness can be accomplished according to many principles, from social‐based to psychology‐based; one of the commonly adopted approaches within peer‐to‐peer networks, virtual social networks, and recommendation systems is the reputation‐based trust evaluation. Because more and more large networks (even with millions of nodes) aim at leveraging trust, approaches to its assessment have to take into account the factors as efficient distributed implementation and effective security protection against malicious attacks.

In this paper, we present a distributed and secure algorithm based on TrustWebRank, a metric that takes into account both personalized trust evaluation and network dynamics issues. To test our proposal both in terms of complexity and bandwidth usage, we performed simulations on a large and real dataset built from the Epinions.com recommendation system. Results show that the proposed distributed algorithm is effective and efficient, while preserving original benefits of TrustWebRank. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.