bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intercessory Prayer in Psychological Well-Being: Using a Multiple-Baseline, Across-Subjects Design
Authors: Tloczynski Joseph , Fritzsch Sonja
Published: August 2011

Undergraduates from an upper-level psychology course were volunteer participants in the study. The 8 participants were to be prayed for in a Multiple Baseline Across Subjects research design, which included a 1-week minimum baseline period for all subjects followed by the sequential presentation of the independent variable so that every two weeks, two additional subjects were being prayed for until all but 2 participants, who maintained baseline, were exposed to being prayed for at 7 weeks. All participants were prayed for by one of the experimenters using a nondirective method of prayer where no specific requests were made. All subjects completed the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale on a daily basis for 5 weeks and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 on a weekly basis for 7 weeks. Analysis of data identified significant reductions in anxiety scores on both the tests for subjects who were prayed for but not for those who were not prayed for Subjects' lower mean anxiety scores somewhat matched the sequential timing of being prayed for.
Family Contexts, Individual Characteristics, Proximal Settings, and Adolescents' Aspirations
Authors: Marjoribanks Kevin
Published: August 2011

This study examined relations among family contexts, individual characteristics, proximal family and school settings, and adolescents' aspirations. As part of a national longitudinal investigation of Australian secondary school students, data were collected from 1,724 boys and 1,788 girls. The results suggest (a) family contexts defined conjointly by family social status and parents' perceived aspirations have medium to large associations with adolescents' educational aspirations and small significant associations with occupational aspirations. (b) Also, relations between family contexts and adolescents' aspirations are mediated in part by measures of adolescents' individual characteristics and their perceptions of proximal learning settings. (c) There are family context differences in the nature of the linear and curvilinear relations among individual characteristics, proximal settings, and adolescents' aspirations. Further, (d) there are sex-related variations in the associations between family contexts, individual characteristics, proximal learning settings, and adolescents' aspirations.
Mortality from Abortion after Roe vs Wade
Authors: Smargisso Dana M. , Lester David
Published: August 2011

The decline in mortality from abortions after Roe vs Wade was probably a result of the introduction of safer procedures for abortions, but the decline in mortality was greater for induced abortions than for other types of abortions.
Spirituality and Complex Partial Epileptic-Like Signs
Authors: MacDonald Douglas A. , Holland Daniel
Published: August 2011

Using a sample of 262 undergraduate volunteers, correlational and regressional analyses were completed to examine the relation of self-reported complex partial epileptic-like signs to a five-dimensional model of spirituality assessed by the Expressions of Spirituality Inventory. Analyses show that spirituality is significantly predictive of Complex Partial Epileptic-like Signs. Scores from subscales Paranormal Beliefs, Experiential/Phenomenological Dimension, and Existential Well-being uniquely accounted for significant portions of Complex Partial Epileptic-like Signs variance. ESI Cognitive Orientation Toward Spirituality significantly correlated with Complex Partial Epileptic-like Signs but it was not a significant predictor in regression analyses. ESI Religiousness was unrelated to Complex Partial Epileptic-like Signs in all analyses. This pattern of relations remained largely the same when participants' age, sex, and reported religious involvement were controlled. The paper includes a discussion of the meaning of the findings and suggestions for research.
Significant Effects Due to Rephrasing the Maslach Burnout Inventory's Personal Accomplishment Items
Authors: Bouman Anne Marthe , Brake Hans Te , Hoogstraten Johan
Published: August 2011

Subjects, 292 Dutch psychology students answering negatively phrased Personal Accomplishment items, reported a more personally competent feeling than subjects answering positively phrased personal accomplishment items. The way of phrasing personal accomplishment items significantly affects the answers given.
Construct Validity of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale
Authors: Alexopoulos Demetrios S. , Foudoulaki Evangelia
Published: August 2011

The aim of the present study was to investigate the construct validity of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale with a group of 511 (264 girls, 247 boys aged 9 to 12 years) Greek children. Principal Components Analysis was performed. Six factors emerged, i.e., Behavior, Anxiety, Intellectual and School Status, Popularity, Physical Appearance and Attributes, and Self-contentment.
Positive Health in a Group of Swedish White-Collar Workers
Authors: Lindfors Petra
Published: August 2011

Ryff's Psychological Well-being scales cover six dimensions of psychological well-being (Self-acceptance, Environmental mastery, Positive relations with others, Personal growth, Purpose in life, and Autonomy) and have been suggested as an adequate measure of positive psychological functioning. Apart from translating the scales to Swedish and examining the psychometric properties of the measure, the present study aimed to explore the relationships between the Ryff scales and the General Health Questionnaire, negative affectivity, and physical symptoms using self-ratings from 91 full-time employed women and men. Given low internal consistency for the different dimensions of the Ryff scales, correlational analyses were based on a composite index. Analysis indicated negative relations between the Ryff index and other measures and are in line with prior findings showing that the index taps positive psychological functioning while other indices focus on negative functioning.
Suicide among Murderers: England and Wales 1901 to 1949
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

From 1901 to 1949 in England and Wales, the suicide rate of murderers was associated with the overall English suicide rate, and both rates had similar social correlates.
Hindsight and Confirmation Biases in an Exercise in Telepathy
Authors: Rudski Jeffrey M.
Published: August 2011

Belief in the paranormal or claims of paranormal experiences may be, at least in part, associated with systematic cognitive biases. 48 undergraduate college students engaged in an exercise in telepathy in which the color of cards was ‘sent’ to them by the experimenter under two conditions. In a Hindsight-possible condition, participants recorded whether their choice was correct following the revelation of the color. In the Control condition participants committed to a particular response by writing it down before receiving feedback, thus eliminating ability to alter retrospectively what ‘was known all along’. Consistent with a hindsight bias, participants performed significantly better under the Hindsight-possible condition. Moreover, a statistically significant correlation was found between paranormal belief assessed on Tobacyk's 1988 Revised Paranormal Belief Scale in the Hindsight-possible but not in the Control condition, suggesting a confirmation bias. Results are discussed in terms of interactions between hindsight and confirmation biases and how they might relate to paranormal beliefs.
Academic Elite in Social Work: 1994–2000
Authors: Bair Jeffrey H. , Bair Kendra E.
Published: August 2011

The 11 most highly rated graduate programs in social work in 1994 maintained their positions in 2000. These “elite” programs showed little or no change in their hiring of faculty from among their own and one another's graduates.
Least Sum of Euclidean Regression Residuals: Estimation of Effect Size
Authors: Berry Kenneth J. , Mielke Paul W.
Published: August 2011

A universal measure of the magnitude of effect size is introduced for Euclidean-based regression analyses of experimental designs. The measure is based on the ratio of the sums of Euclidean residuals obtained under the alternative and null hypotheses.
Possible Influence of Defenses and Negative Life Events on Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sundbom Elisabet , Henningsson Mikael , Holm Ulla , Söderbergh Stina , Evengård Blrgitta
Published: August 2011

13 patients with a diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome and two contrast groups of conversion disorder patients ( n = 19) and healthy controls ( n = 13) were assessed using the projective perceptual Defense Mechanism Test to investigate if specific defense patterns are associated with chronic fatigue syndrome. Another objective was to assess the possible influence of perceived negative life events prior the onset of the illness The overall results showed significant differences in defensive strategies among groups represented by two significant dimensions in a Partial Least Squares analysis. Compared to the contrast groups the patients with chronic fatigue syndrome were distinguished by a defense pattern of different distortions of aggressive affect, induced by an interpersonal anxiety-provoking stimulus picture with short exposures. Their responses suggested the conversion group was characterized by a non-emotionally adapted pattern and specific constellations of defenses, associated with interior reality orientation compared to the patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and the healthy controls. Rated retrospectively, the group with chronic fatigue syndrome reported significantly more negative life events prior to the onset of their illness than healthy controls. For instance, 5 of the 13 patients reported sexual assault or physical battery as children or teenagers compared to none of the healthy controls. A significant association was found between defense pattern and frequency of reported negative life events. However, these retrospective reports might be confounded to some extent by the experience of the patients' illness; for example, the reports may be interpreted in terms of present negative affect.
Students' Course and Faculty Evaluations: An Informal Look
Authors: Trinkaus John
Published: August 2011

For one class, over 8 consecutive semesters, about 10% of the students completing a course and faculty evaluation form reported one or more session cancellations, while in actuality there were none.
Using the Theory of Reasoned Action to Predict Organizational Misbehavior
Authors: Vardi Yoav , Weitz Ely
Published: August 2011

A review of literature on organizational behavior and management on predicting work behavior indicated that most reported studies emphasize positive work outcomes, e.g., attachment, performance, and satisfaction, while job related misbehaviors have received relatively less systematic research attention. Yet, forms of employee misconduct in organizations are pervasive and quite costly for both individuals and organizations. We selected two conceptual frameworks for the present investigation: Vardi and Wiener's model of organizational misbehavior and Fishbein and Ajzen's Theory of Reasoned Action. The latter views individual behavior as intentional, a function of rationally based attitudes toward the behavior, and internalized normative pressures concerning such behavior. The former model posits that different (normative and instrumental) internal forces lead to the intention to engage in job-related misbehavior. In this paper we report a scenario based quasi-experimental study especially designed to test the utility of the Theory of Reasoned Action in predicting employee intentions to engage in self-benefitting (Type S), organization-benefitting (Type O), or damaging (Type D) organizational misbehavior. Results support the Theory of Reasoned Action in predicting negative workplace behaviors. Both attitude and subjective norm are useful in explaining organizational misbehavior. We discuss some theoretical and methodological implications for the study of misbehavior intentions in organizations.
Discriminant Validity of the Eating Attitudes Test According to American Psychiatric Association and World Health Organization Criteria of Eating Disorders
Authors: Canals Josepa , Carbajo Gentzane , Fernandez-Ballast Joan
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity, the specificity, and the positive predictive value of the Eating Attitudes Test in a sample of Spanish nonclinical 18-yr.-olds. 304 subjects answered the Eating Attitudes Test-40, 290 of whom were interviewed individually with the Spanish version of the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Eating disorders were diagnosed using ICD–10 and DSM-III–R criteria. The prevalence of eating disorders was higher for ICD–10 (5.2%) than for DSM-III-R (2.6%) and only affected the rate of diagnosis in women. According to ICD–10 criteria, the cut-off of 25 was more sensitive (87.5%) than the cut-off of 30 (75%) and varied little in specificity (93.9% vs 97.1%). The positive predictive value of the Eating Attitudes Test cut-off of 30 for eating disorders (ICD–10) was 36%. Our results support the test as useful for identifying eating disturbances in 18-yr.-olds and suggest assessment of a cut-off lower than 30 may be appropriate in the general population if confirmed in further research with a representative sample of adults.
Compliance with the Item Limit of the Food Supermarket Express Checkout Lane: Another Look
Authors: Trinkaus John
Published: August 2011

A total of 68 15-min. observations of customers' behavior at a food supermarket suggests that only about 7% of shoppers observe the item limit of the express lane. The overages tended to be about four pieces.
Psychometric Properties of Spence and Robbins' Measures of Workaholism Components
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , Richardsen Astrid M. , Martinussen Monica
Published: August 2011

There has been a recent increase in attention devoted to the study of workaholism. As with most new areas of study, issues of definition and measurement have not received their due. The present investigation examined some psychometric properties of Spence and Robbins' measures of the components of workaholism (1992), one of two measures that have received some attention. These measures were relatively stable in a sample of senior Norwegian managers ( N = 87) over a 6-mo. period, had generally acceptable internal consistency reliability, and showed factor structures supportive of three components of workaholism.
Psychometric Assessment of Measures of Psychological Symptoms, Functional Status, Life Events, and Context for Low Income Hispanic Patients in a Primary Care Setting
Authors: Katerndahl David A. , Amodei Nancy , Larme Anne C. , Palmer Raymond
Published: August 2011

This study assessed the psychometric properties of a set of nine commonly used lists in an English-speaking Hispanic sample taken from a primary care setting. These were the General Health Questionnaire-12, the Anxiety, Depression, and Somatization scales from the SCL-90, the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36, the Holmes and Rahe Family Life Changes, abbreviated versions of the Daily Hassles and Uplifts, the Herth Hope Index, Duke Social Support and Stress scales, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and Marlowe-Crowne Brief Social Desirability Scale. 68 adult patients completed the measures via structured interview. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach alpha and the Kuder-Richardson-20. Construct validity was assessed using Pearson correlations among sets of scores. Internal consistencies were good-to-excellent for all measures except for the Duke Social Support and Stress scales (Stress scale), and the Brief Social Desirability Scale. Construct validity was suggested for all except the Mental Health and Energy/Fatigue scales of the Short Form-36. Further study is needed to verify these results in other Hispanic populations and to address other forms of reliability and validity.
Meta-Analysis of Relations of Stress Propensity with Subjective Stress and Strain
Authors: Wofford Jerry C.
Published: August 2011

Meta-analyses were used to examine relations of three factors of stress propensity, i.e., cognitive-affective connectivity, psychological magnification, and anger-irritability, with three stress criteria, i.e., subjective stress, psychological strain, and physiological strain. Each of the stress propensity factors was significantly related to each criterion. Sex was a significant moderator for two of these nine relations (cognitive-affective connectivity with subjective stress and anger-irritability with psychological strain).
The Chinese Version of the Marital Comparison Level Index Revisited
Authors: Chan Yuet-Wah , Rudowicz Elisabeth
Published: August 2011

An attempt was made to tailor the Chinese version of the Marital Comparison Level Index to the Hong Kong Chinese context by adding 11 items. Analysis showed that the amended version is a reasonably reliable and culture-appropriate measure for research.
Individualism and Collectivism: Cultural Orientation in Locus of Control and Moral Attribution under Conditions of Social Change
Authors: Santiago Jose H. , Tarantino Santo J.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the validity of the view that the constructs of individualism and collectivism are coherent cultural manifestations necessarily reflected in an individual's attribution patterns. It was hypothesized that the attribution patterns of locus of control and moral accountability would show divergent individualistic and collectivistic influences in a culture during change from a collectivist culture to an individualist culture. 98 university students from the United States and Puerto Rico were administered the Singelis Individualism-Collectivism Scale, Rotter's Locus of Control Scale, and Miller and Luthar's justice-related moral accountability vignettes. Contrary to expectation, the Puerto Rican sample scored less external in locus of control than the United States sample. No cultural differences in moral accountability were found. No strong correlations were found among the variables at the individual level of analysis. Accounting for these results included the lack of representativeness of the samples, the independence of relation between variables at different levels of analysis, and social change.
Cult Suicide and Physician-Assisted Suicide
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

A greater proportion of Dr. Kevorkian's physician-assisted suicides and the Heaven's Gate cult suicides appear to be women than the general population of suicides.
Correlations of Sense of Humor and Sleep Disturbance Ascribed to Worry
Authors: Kelly William E.
Published: August 2011

Scores on the Sleep Disturbance Ascribed to Worry Scale were correlated with total scores on the Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale and subscale scores. A significant negative correlation of –.22 ( p <.01) was found between the sleep disturbance scores and scores on the humor production subscale. Research is required to replicate and extend these findings.
Buying Textbooks Online
Authors: Yang Bijou , Lester David
Published: August 2011

In a sample of 77 undergraduates, purchasing textbooks online was predicted by computer/Internet skills but not by personality traits.
Essentialist Thinking about Depression: Evidence for Polarized Beliefs
Authors: Haslam Nick
Published: August 2011

Mixture modeling of 309 undergraduates' beliefs about the nature of depression yielded two polarized latent classes—those who held essentialist beliefs and those who did not—consistent with the view that essentialist thinking is a distinct cognitive mode.
Comparison of Medical Students, Medical School Faculty, Primary Care Physicians, and the General Population on Attitudes toward Psychological Help-Seeking
Authors: Smith Lisa D. , Peck Patrick L. , McGovern Rene J.
Published: August 2011

This study is a preliminary comparison of the attitudes of osteopathic medical students, medical school faculty, primary care providers, and the general population toward seeking professional psychological help. Attitudes were also studied in the former three groups for those who had and had not previously received mental health services. 103 medical students, 22 faculty, 31 primary care providers, and 395 people from the general population responded to the mail-out survey. Attitudes toward help-seeking were more negative among the general population group than among students and providers. For these students, faculty, and providers, attitudes toward seeking help were more positive if they reported having received mental health services in the past.
Reliability and Validity of a Japanese Version of the Eating Disorder Inventory
Authors: Shimura Midori , Horie Harumi , Kumano Htroaki , Sakano Yuji , Suematsu Hiroyuki
Published: August 2011

The rapid increase of patients with eating disorders in Japan has made necessary the reliable and valid measurement of psychological factors in eating disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Eating Disorder Inventory. 766 females without eating disorders and 139 female patients with eating disorders responded to the Eating Attitude Test and the Eating Disorder Inventory. Principal factor extraction with promax rotation isolated 9 interpretable factors with satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach alpha range = .74–.90). Compared with controls, patients scored significantly higher on all factors after minimizing the influence of Body Mass Index. There were strong correlations among factor scores and scores on the Eating Attitudes Test, particularly among patients. These results indicate the Eating Disorder Inventory as showing psychometrically sound internal consistency and concurrent validity.
Relations of Mood States with Types of Typical Cognitive Failure in Every Life: A Diary Study
Authors: Yamanaka Akira
Published: August 2011

Over a 2-wk. period, 19 volunteers kept structured diaries in which they recorded the contents of naturally occurring cognitive failures, including the hour and date of occurrence, attentional state, and mood state. 36 volunteers who were controls completed a written description of their activity 10 min. prior to the onset as well as account of their moods and attentional states during their occurrence. The recorded cognitive failures were independently classified into three types (perceptual/attentional failures, memory failures, and action failures) by two judges. Each type had a different peak of occurrence over the course of the day. Perceptual/attentional failures and memory failures occurred when the volunteers were in a preoccupied state. The state when every type of cognitive failure occurred was a suppressed mood state with high arousal. These results were discussed based on resource allocation models.
Developing a Scale of Self-Efficacy in Personal Relationships for Adolescents
Authors: Matsushima Rumi , Shiomi Kunio
Published: August 2011

This study developed a scale of self-efficacy in personal relationships for adolescents and examined its reliability and the validity. The 40 items assessing tendencies theoretically linked to self-efficacy in personal relationships were administered to 344 junior and high school students. 207 high school students also were administered the Shimoda Personality Inventory. Three factors (Self-confidence in Personal Relationship, Trust in Friends, and Trust by Friends) were extracted by principal components analysis. The coefficient alpha reliabilities of these subscales were .90, .89, and .87. The validity was supported by correlations between the Total score of self-efficacy and the SPI subscales of Autistic trait –.53, Nervous Character trait –.13, Self-uncertain trait –.39, and Syntonic trait .57.
National Personality Characteristics: II. Adaption-Innovation in Canadian, American, and British Samples
Authors: Skinner Nicholas F. , Hutchinson Lynda , Lukenda Andrea , Drake Gillian , Boucher Jocelyn
Published: August 2011

On the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory 1,106 Canadians scored as more adaptive than American and British standardization samples. Means for Canadian females and males were congruent with those in national samples from six other countries.
Trichotillomania (Hair Pulling) in Toddlers
Authors: Wright Harry H. , Holmes George R.
Published: August 2011

Although the clinical diagnosis of trichotillomania has been observed for more than a century, not until the last decade has there been a focus on this diagnosis in early childhood. This small case series focuses on the clinical evaluation of 10 toddlers, average of 26 mo., presenting at a specialty child and adolescent psychiatry clinic with hair pulling. Authors suggest that hair pulling in this age group might better be conceptualized as an anxiety disorder.
Psychology of the Scientist: LXXXV. Research on Homosexuality: A Response to Schumm (and Herek)
Authors: Cameron Paul , Cameron Kirk
Published: August 2011

Because social science is “messy,” just about any criticism of any work—including our efforts—has validity. But the empiricist principle is more important than a theoretical search for perfection in research. The findings from our 1983–1984 nationwide random survey are superior to earlier efforts and similar enough to those reported by the 1992 nationwide random survey conducted by University of Chicago investigators, the 1994 British effort, and the 1996 NHSDA to suggest all approximate “a similar truth about reported sexuality.”
Ethnic Identity and Racial Attitudes in a Minority Group of Mixed Racial Origin
Authors: Smith Timothy B. , Stratton Joy , Stones Christopher R. , Naidoo Anthony
Published: August 2011

Limited information exists on the racial attitudes and ethnic identities of groups of mixed racial origin. The present research tested the hypotheses that the construct of ethnic identity is valid among such groups and that ethnic identity is related to out-group prejudice, as predicted by social identity theory. The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure, the Anti-White Scale, and the Subtle Racism Scale were administered to 70 South Africans of mixed racial descent, the so-called Coloureds. A factor analysis supported the structural validity of the 12-item measure of ethnic identity with this sample, but correlations between scales did not support the prediction that group identity would be positively associated with out-group prejudice. Group identity was positively related .27 to positive attitudes toward Whites consistent with the tenets of social dominance theory.
Childhood Dental Fear in Relation to Parental Child-Rearing Attitudes
Authors: Ten Berge M. , Veerkamp J. S. J. , Hoogstraten J. , Prins P. J. M.
Published: August 2011

The aim of this study was to assess the relation between parental self-reported child-rearing attitudes and dental fear in children. The parents of 51 children with high dental fear and of 56 children with low dental fear, of different age groups, completed the Amsterdam version of the Parental Attitude Research Instrument. In addition, parents were asked to rate their own dental fear. Multivariate analysis of variance (child fear x parental fear x child age) showed a significant main effect only of child dental fear on parental self-complaints ( p = .03). For parental dental fear, main effects were found on overprotection and on promotion of autonomy ( p ≤ .01). No age effects were found. Also, no relation between children's dental fear and parental dental fear was found. Based on the present findings, it was concluded that parents may play a more secondary, mediating role in the etiological process of dental fear in children.
Relations among Premorbid Weight, Referral Weight, and Psychological Test Scores for Patients with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Miyasaka Nahoko , Yoshiuchi Kazuhiro , Yamanaka Gaku , Sasaki Tadashi , Kumano Hiroaki , Kuboki Tomifusa
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that, in anorexia nervosa, patients with a low premorbid weight are associated with a low weight at referral and that premorbid weight, referral weight, and weight loss are associated with mood states. The changes of Body Mass Index from premorbid to referral, the duration of illness, and the psychological scores on the Profile of Mood States and the Cornell Medical Index-Health Questionnaire were examined in 49 anorexia nervous patients. Body Mass Index at referral of patients with lower premorbid Body Mass Index was significantly lower than that of patients with higher premorbid level. For patients with a larger relative decrease, scores on depressive mood were lower. These findings suggested that in anorexia nervosa patients, lower premorbid Body Mass Index was associated with lower Body Mass Index at referral, and that the patients with higher relative decrease in Body Mass Index might be satisfied with their weight loss.
Social Support, Self-Esteem, and Positive Health Practices of Early Adolescents
Authors: Yarcheski Thomas J. , Mahon Noreen E. , Yarcheski Adela
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the relations of social support and self-esteem to positive health practices in early adolescents. A sample of 148 early adolescents (70 boys and 78 girls), aged 12 to 14 years, attending an urban middle school, responded to The Revised Personal Lifestyle Questionnaire, the Personal Resource Questionnaire 85-Part II, and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale in classrooms. A correlation of .59 ( p < .05) was found between scores on social support and scores for positive health practices, and a correlation of .44 ( p < .05) between scores on the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and scores for positive health practices.
Birth Order Effects in Dominance: Failure to Support Sulloway's View
Authors: Skinner Nicholas F.
Published: August 2011

Contrary to Sulloway's 1996 assertion that firstborns should score higher than laterborns on measures of dominance, the dominance scores for 76 firstborn undergraduate students (50 women, 26 men) did not differ significantly from the scores of 75 laterborn students (48 women, 27 men) on the 16PF dimension of Dominance vs Submissiveness (Factor E). Further research into possible differences in performance strategies between laterborns and firstborns in childhood vs adulthood is necessary to evaluate Sulloway's theory of ordinal position definitively.
Further Examination of the Self-Efficacy Scale
Authors: Choi Namok
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine further the factorial validity of the Self-efficacy Scale via component and subsequent correlational analyses. 651 undergraduates enrolled in an introductory psychology course voluntarily completed the Self-efficacy Scale and the Bem Sex-role Inventory. A principal component analysis with an orthogonal rotation produced a two-factor solution which was remarkably similar to the factor structures reported previously. The two factors (General Self-efficacy and Social Self-efficacy) accounted for about 34% of the total variance. Further, the correlation coefficients indicated that General Self-efficacy was more strongly related to masculine traits than to feminine traits, as defined by the Bem Sex-role Inventory.
Correlates of an Ego-Grasping Attitude in Kuwaiti and American Students
Authors: Lester David , Abdel-Khalek Ahmed
Published: August 2011

In samples of American and Kuwaiti students, scores on an ego-grasping scale were associated with measures of psychopathology, the latter more strongly associated with ego-grasping scores for the American than the Kuwaiti sample.
Perceptually Oriented Hypnosis
Authors: Woodard Fredrick J.
Published: August 2011

This theoretical article explores postulates representative of a perceptual frame of reference for a better understanding of hypnotic experiencing. This author contends that Perceptual Psychology, a theory first conceptualized by Snygg and Combs, as revised by Combs, Richards, and Richards in 1988, and Perceptually Oriented Hypnosis provide an effective way of understanding hypnosis, the therapist-client relationship, and has some implications as well for better comprehending psychopathology. Perceptually oriented hypnotic principles are shown to enhance the characteristics of the adequate personality, expand the phenomenal field, change personal meanings, and change aspects of the phenomenal self in the context of hypnosis. Implications for understanding differing views and conflicting perceptions of reality held by scientists and researchers are discussed. Implications for Dissociative Identity Disorder are also addressed. Research utilizing Giorgi's research methodology and Wasicsko's qualitative procedure for assessing educators' dispositions is suggested.
Smoking Related to Anxiety and Depression in Greek Medical Staff
Authors: Tselebis Athanassios , Papaleftheris Eleftherios , Balis Evangelos , Theotoka Ioulia , Ilias Ioannis
Published: August 2011

We assessed the relation of anxiety and depression to smoking behavior in a sample of 80 physicians and surgeons, using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. 27 doctors were nonsmokers, 14 were former smokers, and 39 were current smokers. Current smokers showed significantly higher Anxiety and Depression scores compared to nonsmokers and former smokers, while the latter presented significantly lower Anxiety scores than nonsmokers. In current smokers, the daily quota of cigarettes was not correlated with Anxiety or Depression scores. From our results we can hypothesize that, among medical staff, smoking behavior is more anxiery-related than depression-related. In conclusion, we believe that interventions such as stress management techniques could be effective in lessening Anxiety and diminishing the need for relief searched for in smoking.
Empirical Testing of the Satisfaction with Life Scale: A South African Pilot Study
Authors: Westaway Margaret S. , Maritz Chantelle , Golele Nurse J.
Published: August 2011

To explore applicability of the Satisfaction With Life Scale in a different racial and cultural context (South Africa), a questionnaire containing items on basic demographic characteristics, the 5-item Satisfaction With Life Scale, and the 10-item Rosenberg Self-esteem scale, was administered to a small convenient sample of 34 Black (13 men and 21 women) and 20 White (9 men and 11 women) South Africans aged between 17 and 70 years. As expected, Black respondents were less likely to have completed high school than White respondents and were more likely to be unemployed. Factor analysis of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (coefficient alpha of .92) yielded a single factor, accounting for 76% of the variance. Mean differences of the two groups were not significant when education and employment status were controlled. As anticipated, Life Satisfaction scores were correlated .86 with rated Self-esteem. Given the very small convenient sample, results are consistent with robust findings in western countries and encourage replication on a larger, representative sample.
Empirical Evaluation of the McMi—III Personality Disorder Scales
Authors: Rossi Gina , Hauben Claudia , van den Brande Iris , Sloore Hedwig
Published: August 2011

The MCMI–III personality disorder scales were empirically validated with a sample of 870 clinical patients and inmates. Prevalence rates of personality disorders were in general lower on the MCMI–III than clinical ratings, but trait prevalence was generally higher; thus a base rate of 75 on the MCMI–III could be a guideline in the screening of trait prevalence. However, the sensitivity of some MCMI–III scales was very low. Moreover, the correlations of most personality disorder scales of the MCMI–III were significant and positive with corresponding measures on clinical ratings and MMPI-2 personality disorder scales, but these were, in general, not significantly higher than some other correlations. As a consequence the discriminant validity seems to be questionable. The MCMI–III alone cannot be used as a diagnostic inventory, but the test could be useful as a screening device as a part of a multimethod approach that allows aggregation over measures in making diagnostic decisions.
Differences between General Computer Attitudes and Perceived Computer Attributes: Development and Validation of a Scale
Authors: van Braak Johan P. , Goeman Katie
Published: August 2011

The aim of this study was to develop a tool for measuring individuals' dispositions toward the use of computers in their work environment. The study reports the construction and validation of a general computer artitude and perceived computer attribute scale. Exploratory factor analytical evidence with a sample of 381 employees indicated a structure underpinned by two constructs, an attitudinal factor and a perceived computer attribure factor. The internal consistency estimates of reliability of scores were .81 for the attitudinal factor and .89 for the perceived computer attribute factor. Compared to the computer attitude subscale, scores on the perceived computer attribute subscale correlated higher with computer experience and professional computer use within the sample.
Psychological Symptoms and Competence at Three Organizational Levels of Industrial Design: The Main and Moderating Role of Sense of Coherence
Authors: Toppinen-Tanner Salla , Kalimo Raija
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the role of the sense of coherence in occupational well-being at three organizational positions of industrial designing (top-level designers, designers, and assisting personnel). In a sample of 422 industrial design personnel, sense of coherence was positively related to competence and negatively to psychological symptoms. It also moderated the relation of autonomy to competence and psychological symptoms but more strongly among the designers and the assisting personnel than among the top-level designers. Analysis showed autonomy was beneficial for individuals who also had high scores on sense of coherence. Longitudinal studies are needed on the role of sense of coherence as regards the psychological health of different subgroups.
Effect on Performance of Timely Feedback on State Writing Assessments
Authors: Crehan Kevin D. , Curfman Mary
Published: August 2011

The effect of timely feedback for a state writing assessment on subsequent writing performance was investigated. Also, agreement between teachers' scores on assessment and the state department's scores was compared. Eighth grade English teachers ( N = 8) were trained on an analytic scoring method which yielded scores on ideas, organization, voice, and conventions. September state writing assessments from the teachers' class were scored by the teachers who also scored assessments for a partner teacher's class. A second parallel writing assessment was administered in February to the trained teachers' classes and eight control classes. Analysis showed good agreement between the teachers' scores and those by the state department. There was 75% agreement on the designation of adequate or inadequate for the students' writing between the teachers and the state department. There was no difference between the writing performance for students of the trained teachers and students in the control classes on the follow-up assessment.
Reliability of the Inventory of Learning Processes
Authors: Gadzella Bernadette M.
Published: August 2011

This study investigated whether the Inventory of Learning Processes still reliably measures students' learning styles 25 years later.
Depression in Inpatients: Bipolar vs Unipolar
Authors: Dorz Stella , Borgherini Giuseppe , Conforti Donatella , Scarso Caterina , Magni Guido
Published: August 2011

162 depressed inpatients were divided into three diagnostic groups to compare patterns of sociodemographic characteristics, psychopathology, and psychosocial: 35 had a single episode of major depression, 96 had recurrent major depression, and 31 had a bipolar disorder. Psychopathology and psychosocial functioning were measured by clinician-rated scales, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Clinical Global Impression, and self-rating scales, Symptom Checklist-90, Social Support Questionnaire, Social Adjustment Scale. The three groups were comparable on sociodemographic variables, with the exception of education. Univariate analyses showed a similar social impairment as measured by Social Support Questionnaire, Social Adjustment Scale, and no significant differences were recorded for the psychopathology when the total test scores (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Clinical Global Index, Symptom Checklist-90) were evaluated. Some differences emerged for single items in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and Symptom Checklist-90. These findings suggest a substantial similarity among the three groups. Results are discussed in terms of the clinical similarities between unipolar and bipolar patients during a depressive episode as well as the limitations of cross-sectional study implies.
Confirmatory Examination of the Multidimensional Aversion to Women Who Work Scale
Authors: Valentine Sean
Published: August 2011

The factor structure of the Multidimensional Aversion to Women Who Work Scale was assessed using data collected from 418 predominantly young male and female college students attending one of four colleges or universities located in the south or southwest USA. An exploratory factor analysis using half the data set initially yielded a two-factor solution with unparsimonious loadings. After incompatible items were deleted, another exploratory factor analysis indicated an acceptable two-factor explanation. A confirmatory factor analysis using the second set of observations supported this solution, and the analysis of a second-order factor model suggested that both Employment Skepticism and Traditional Roles Preference were components of Aversion to Women Who Work. The results show that the 5-item scale might be used instead of the 10-item format.
Preliminary Suggested Readings in Forensic Psychology
Authors: Ryan Joseph J. , Fletcher Jessica
Published: August 2011

ABBP Diplomates in forensic psychology were surveyed to identify lists of “suggested readings” for their field. The return rate was 28% of 162 total Diplomates. Four of 117 books and five of 56 journals met the inclusion criterion of being endorsed by ≥25% of the respondents. The present survey provides a preliminary reading guide for undergraduate and graduate students.
What Does the Keane PTSD Scale of the MMPI Measure? Repeated Measurements in a Group of Patients with Major Depression
Authors: Wetzel Richard D. , Murphy George E. , Simons Anne , Lustman Patrick , North Carol , Yutzy Sean
Published: August 2011

We looked at a group of depressed patients in a treatment study, none of whom by study design had Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). High scores on the PTSD (PK) scale could only be due to factors other than PTSD. Despite the absence of PTSD, we observed an extremely high false positive rate in a group given the MMPI on multiple occasions. 92% of the subjects had at least one T score at or above 65 on the PK scale. 44% of the men and the women had at least one score at or above the more conservative cutoff (a raw score of 28) recommended by Lyons and Keane. The PK scale is sensitive to depression as well as anxiety and PTSD. The PK scale showed multiple high correlations with clinical and validity scales. It was concluded, in agreement with Miller, Goldberg, and Streiner (1995) and Moody and Kish (1989), that the PK scale is primarily a measure of general dysphoria. In populations with considerable psychopathology, the PK scale does not appear to discriminate between patients with and without PTSD.
Religious Values in a Group of Psychiatric Outpatients
Authors: Mirzamani Mahmoud , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2011

Religious values were investigated in a group of psychiatric outpatients using the Allport, Vernon and Lindzey Study of Values and the Revised Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Scores of 70 psychiatric patients were compared with those of a control group of 50 university staff and students. Analysis indicated that scores for religious values was significantly lower in the outpatient group than in the control group. There was a low significant correlation between religious values and anxiety (–.26) and depression (–.23).
Childhood Antecedents of Schizophrenia: Developmental Sequencing and Specificity of Problem Behavior
Authors: Roff James D. , Fultz Jill M.
Published: August 2011

Childhood antecedents of schizophrenia were explored for 148 boys seen in child guidance clinics prior to the onset of adolescent or adult disorders. Those most disturbed in childhood were more likely to be preschizophrenic, and their disturbed behavior was relatively specific to that grouping. Childhood problems with motor coordination and attention were associated with impulsive, inappropriate behavior which led to peer rejection followed by increasing seclusiveness. Clinical groupings of the most disturbed boys produced composite descriptions for four groups.
Correlations among Applicants' Communication Apprehension, Argumentativeness, and Verbal Aggressiveness in Selection Interviews
Authors: Simmons Donna , Lamude Kevin G. , Scudder Joseph
Published: August 2011

This study explored the influence of applicants' perceived apprehension during communication on self-reported argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness in selection interviews. One week prior to selection interviews with corporate interviewers, 51 college students who were actively seeking career-oriented employment completed a questionnaire on their situational apprehension, trait argumentativeness, and trait verbal aggressiveness. The major findings were that (a) Trait Argumentativeness was significantly and negatively correlated with Trait Verbal Aggressiveness; (b) Apprehension was significantly and positively correlated with Trait Verbal Aggressiveness; (c) Apprehension was significantly and negatively correlated with Trait Argumentativeness; and (d) descriptive statistics indicated applicants experienced high Apprehension before the interviews.
Dimensionality of Military Professional Values Items: An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Data from the Spring 1996 Sample Survey of Military Personnel
Authors: Schumm Walter R. , Gade Paul A. , Bell D. Bruce
Published: August 2011

The Sample Survey of Military Personnel in Spring 1996 included detailed questions specifically about soldiers' professional values, centered on personal beliefs about loyalty and integrity values. Maximum likelihood factor analysis yielded four factors, labeled military dedication, integrity, job commitment, and military bearing. Scales developed from these factors showed acceptable internal consistency reliability and correlated as expected with measures of satisfaction with Army life, retention, soldier morale, combat preparedness, and overall job satisfaction. A regression analysis indicated that the best predictors of loyalty to the Army and to the United States were job commitment and military bearing, not integrity, as had been expected.