bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black Protest in US News Wire Stories 1994-2010: Voices From the Doldrums (retracted)
Authors: Oliver Pamela Elaine , Hanna Alex
Published: July 2018

THIS PAPER HAS BEEN RETRACTED. A revision with corrected data has been posted to https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/aq5xj/ CORRECTION 9/6/17: In reviewing the data collection process before submitting this work to peer review, we discovered an error had been made in the very first step of selecting articles to be fed to the MPEDS program. This error led only articles with the word “boycott” to be selected. This means that the events described in this paper all happened, but there were many more events that also happened that were not captured in this research. We are returning to the data collection process and will be issuing an update after this is complete, probably a year from now.
Making Outer Space Intimate: Familiar Scales and Strange Sites (Panel, AAA 2015)
Authors: Oman-Reagan Michael P. , Turner Kira
Published: July 2018

Building on anthropology’s attunement to multiple registers of inquiry, this panel finds intimate engagements with outer space in studies of: the imaginaries of astronomical image making; the politics of otherworldly analog and simulation science; views from the ground and views from space in climate science; the inscription of interstellar space as a site of travel, communication, and speculation; indigenous people’s cosmologies, spaceport construction, and space tourism; and ontologies of space debris in locales both proximate and remote to spacecraft launch sites. These intimate encounters with space shift the cosmos from something remote ‘out there’ into a familiar locale with attendant earthly consequences from awe and hope to conflict and danger. At stake is an understanding of how our activity in space increasingly shapes the ways we imagine and plan for human futures both on and off planet Earth.Keywords: Geography, Archaeology, Space, Interstellar, Tourism Studies, Technology, Climate Change, Space and Place, Political Ecology, Environmental Studies, History of Science, Astrobiology, Exoplanets, STS, Astrophysics, Astronomy, Anthropocene, Science and Technology StudiesPlease cite as:Oman-Reagan, Michael P. and Kira Turner. 2015. Making Outer Space Intimate: Familiar Scales and Strange Sites. Paper session reviewed by General Anthropology Division. 114th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association; Denver, Colorado. 18-22 November.
2010 American Community Survey Match Study
Authors: Luque Adela , Bhaskar Renuka
Published: July 2018

Using administrative records data from federal government agencies and commercial sources,the 2010 ACS Match Study measures administrative records coverage of 2010 ACS addresses,persons, and persons at addresses at different levels of geography as well as by demographiccharacteristics and response mode. The 2010 ACS Match Study represents a continuation of theresearch undertaken in the 2010 Census Match Study, the first national‐level evaluation ofadministrative records data coverage.Preliminary results indicate that administrative records provide substantial coverage foraddresses and persons in the 2010 ACS (92.7 and 92.1 percent respectively), and less extensivethough substantial coverage, for person‐address pairs (74.3 percent). In addition, somevariation in address, person and/or person‐address coverage is found across demographic andresponse mode groups. This research informs future uses of administrative records in surveyand decennial census operations to address the increasing costs of data collection and decliningresponse rates.
Fence Posts or Sign Posts: Rethinking Patent Claim Construction
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

Patent law is bogged down in the minutia of claims construction. Claimconstruction is central to every patent dispute, but it has not providedthe hoped-for certainty or notice to competitors. Quite the contrary:disputes about the importance of inventions and the scope of patents havebeen replaced by labyrinthine wrangling over words written by lawyers. Theflaws of claim construction result largely from the problems attending"peripheral claims," that is, claims that purport to set the outermostboundaries of patent rights. In this paper, we argue that the way for thepatent system to move ahead may be by looking behind, to the practice of"central claiming" that was prevalent before 1870, and which was used inmany countries through the late twentieth century. Rather than relying onthe illusion of peripheral "fence posts," patent law may do better to onceagain look to stability of central "sign posts." We examine the failure ofperipheral claiming, the benefits of central claiming, and several hybridmeasures that might be adopted, either in the process of moving fromfence-posting to sign-posting, or as improvements over the current systemthat still stop short of fully adopting central claiming.
Arqueología urbana en Ceuta (2000-2005)
Authors: Villada Fernando
Published: July 2018

Recent archaeological projects in Ceuta (Spain) from Prehistory to Modern Age
What to do About Bad Patents
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

At the time patent applications are reviewed, the Patent and TrademarkOffice has no way of identifying the small number of applications that arelikely to end up having real economic significance. Thus patentapplications are for the most part treated alike, with every applicationgetting the same - and by necessity sparse - review. In this short magazinepiece, we urge in response three basic reforms. First, we would weaken thepresumption of validity that today attaches to all issued patents. Themodern strong presumption simply does not reflect the reality of patentreview; presumptions, in short, should be earned. Second, becauselegitimate inventors need as much certainty as the law can provide, wewould give applicants the option of earning a presumption of validity bypaying for a thorough examination of their inventions. Put differently,applicants should be allowed to "gold-plate" their patents by paying forthe kind of searching review that would merit a strong presumption ofvalidity. Third and finally, because competitors also have usefulinformation about which patents worry them and which do not, we supportinstituting a post-grant opposition system, a process by which partiesother than the applicant would have the opportunity to request and fund athorough examination of a recently issued patent. As we explain in thepiece, these reforms would together allow the Patent Office to focus itsresources on patents that might actually matter, and it would also bothreduce the incentive to file patents of questionable validity and reducethe harm caused by such patents in any event.
DEVELOPMENT OF MSW COLLECTION SERVICES ON REGIONAL SCALE: SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND URBAN DISPARITIES IN NORTH-EAST REGION, ROMANIA
Authors: MIHAI Florin Constantin
Published: July 2018

The cities are facing illegal dumping of municipal solid waste (MSW)because the waste collection facilities do not cover the entire population.Furthermore, this sector is poorly developed in small towns or villagesannexed to administrative territory units (ATU) of cities, MSW is disposedin open dumps pollutingthe local environment. This paper analyzes, on the one hand, the urbandisparities on public access to waste collection services (WCS) in theNorth-East Region, on the other hand, it performs a comparative analysisbetween 2003 and 2010 outlining the changes made in the context ofRomania’s accession toEU. Also, it performs a quantitative assessment method of uncollected wasteat urban level and correlated to demographic features of each city.Spatial-temporal analysis of waste indicators using thematic cartography orGIS techniques should be a basic tool for environmental monitoring orassessment of projects from this field in every development region (NUTS2). The EU acquis requires the closure of noncompliant landfills, theextension of waste collection services, the development of facilities forseparate collection, recycling and reuse according to waste hierarchyconcept. Full coverage of urban population to waste collection services isnecessary to provide a proper management of this sector. Urban disparitiesbetween counties and within counties highlights that current traditionalwaste management system is an environmental threat at local and regionalscale.
Implementation of a Novel Educational Course to Teach 3D Printing, Circuit Design, and Programming to PhD Candidates in Nigeria
Authors: Quinn Austin Morgan , Paffhausen Benjamin , Maia Chagas Andre
Published: July 2018

This paper aims to describe the need for a course that teaches open source principles, 3D printing, and programming to researchers in Africa. It also describes the implementation of the course in detail so that others may conduct similar programs. The primary goal of the “Open Labware: 3D Printing Your Own Lab Equipment” workshop organised by TReND in Africa (Teaching and Research in Natural Sciences for Development in Africa) is to help the development of local expertise and capabilities of researchers and teaching faculty in the area of Open Labware, capacitating participants to create their own scientific equipment, as well as repair existing ones.
Humiliation-Revenge in Warfare
Authors: Scheff thomas
Published: July 2018

My book, Bloody Revenge (1994), proposed that humiliation can be felt by a whole nation, and that it could lead to a war of revenge. World Wars I and II were proposed as examples. The considerable role played by the desire for vengeance in France in the period 1872-1914 was illustrated by the way this topic dominated the French media and politics following their defeat by Prussia in 1871. In the case of WWII, the rise of Hitler, which led to the war, was described emphasizing his emphasis on revenge, although my case was not as strong.The various reviews of my book seemed to miss the main point, even those that were sympathetic.
Functional Claiming and Software Patents
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

On Feb 12, 2013, the PTO held a roundtable about software patents atStanford. Software patents have received a lot of attention and we don'tbelieve it is undue: software patents are behind a disproportionate shareof patent litigations -- more specifically, over half (55%) of all patentdefendants and 82% of PAE ("patent troll") defendants are there because ofa software patent, applying the Graham-Vishnubhakat definition to dataprovided by RPX Corporation. In this presentation, we more rigorously apply35 USC 112(f) in accordance with the proposal Mark Lemley outlines in hisWIRED oped "Let's Go Back to Claiming the Problem Not the Solution" to 30patents - 10 PAE and 20 control patents, provided by Patent Freedom. Wefind that 1) PAE patents are overwhelmingly functionally claimed (100%),but non-PAE patents are also functionally claimed (50%), 2) 40%-50% of thePAE patents were only supported by the highest levels of abstraction, butthat 3) not all code is created equal - low-level code over genericelements does not necessarily promote technical progress. We provide 5examples to support these findings, and discuss their implications.
Vatandaş, Türkçe Konuş: Language Ideology in the Work of Ziya Gökalp
Authors: Chovanec Matthew
Published: July 2018

This paper uses a language ideology framework to look at the work of the early 20th century Turkologist Ziya Gokalp's work.
Patents as Genre: A Prospectus
Authors: Burk Dan
Published: July 2018

Like other forms of intellectual property, patents have increasingly been the subject of controversy regarding their successes and failures in promoting and channeling innovation. But unlike other forms of intellectual property, patents are constituted and defined in terms of officially sanctioned texts. As a consequence, patents are deeply embedded in communities of composition, interpretation, and practice. In this paper we outline how genre analysis can be applied to interrogate the "typified rhetorical action" of the patent system and its constituent communities. We argue and demonstrate that understanding the rhetorical work of patents is key to addressing current criticisms of the patent system.
The New Right Stuff: Social Imaginaries of Outer Space and the Capitalist Accumulation of the Cosmos
Authors: Genovese Taylor R.
Published: July 2018

This thesis utilizes ethnographic and historical data in order to propose that the trajectory of outer space imaginaries—and therefore, as will be demonstrated, the future realities of outer space affairs—has drifted from peaceful exploration to violent exploitation due to the rise of private space corporations (operating under the moniker of NewSpace). This is partially due to the increasing acceptance of neoliberal capitalism within the United States—and much of the Global North—since the 1970s. Furthermore, NewSpace companies —which now possess multi-billion dollar contracts with governmental space agencies—are zealous adopters of neoliberal economics, and these philosophies are tied to colonial conceptions of the individual, limited governance, unchecked resource extraction, and frontier mentalities. These concepts became apparent during my multi-sited ethnographic investigations of NewSpace—as well as governmental—facilities and museums. This thesis argues that these hegemonic economic ontologies must be met with resistance from social scientists, science fiction authors, and the public in order to create a human future in outer space that is equitable, decolonized, and democratic.
Thinking like a student: subject guides in small academic libraries
Authors: Kerrigan Catherine
Published: July 2018

Small academic libraries still need to produce web-based subject guides despite limited budgets. This practical communication describes how one such library in Australia used freely available wiki software and third-party hosting to create a web-based set of subject guides and a subsequent redesign based around typical student tasks. It demonstrates that it is possible to produce high quality guides that meet student needs with minimal costs.Catherine KerriganPhD candidateUniSA School of Information Technology & Mathematical Sciencesemail: catherine.kerrigan@mymail.unisa.edu.auwebsites: www.unisa.edu.au/itee;http://www.unisa.edu.au/IT-Engineering-and-the-Environment/Information-Technology-and-Mathematical-Sciences/;
CAROLUS eller KULTURO: Om krop, Kant, metal og Joh. V.
Authors: Gemmerli Tobias , Stidsen Marianne
Published: July 2018

Hvordan relaterer det moderne menneskes splittelses- og fremmedgørelsesproblematik sig til norsk black metal, radikalisering, kroppen, 'Kongens Fald', 'The Square', Immanuel Kant, Jacques Lacan og m.m.? Dette teoretiske essay præsenterer først en diagnose for en kropsløs, kultiveret og intellektualiseret samtid, hvor mennesket er fremmedgjort fra samfundet og sig selv. Med afsæt i Immanuel Kant, Jacques Lacan samt læsninger af blandt andre Johannes V Jensens Kongens Fald (1900) og udviklingen i norsk black metal (fra 1991 til i dag) afsøger det dernæst alternativer til den ’radikaliserede’ og samfundsomstyrtende handling, der ofte præsenteres som vejen ud af fremmedgørelsesproblematikken. Vores alternativ til dødskampen mellem kropsløs rationalisme og revolutionsromantisk livsfilosofi går via Kant og kunstens ’som-om’ og præsentes som 'principperne for flersprogethed' og 'det flækkede øjenbryns princip'. | Forfattet af: Tobias Gemmerli & Marianne Stidsen
Assimilation and Coverage of the Foreign-Born Population in Administrative Records
Authors: Bhaskar Renuka , Fernandez Leticia , Rastogi Sonya
Published: July 2018

The U.S. Census Bureau is researching ways to incorporate administrative data in decennial census and survey operations. Critical to this work is an understanding of the coverage of the population by administrative records. Using federal and third party administrative data linked to the American Community Survey (ACS), we evaluate the extent to which administrative records provide data on foreign-born individuals in the ACS and employ multinomial logistic regression techniques to evaluate characteristics of those who are in administrative records relative to those who are not. We find that overall, administrative records provide high coverage of foreign-born individuals in our sample for whom a match can be determined. The odds of being in administrative records are found to be tied to the processes of immigrant assimilation – naturalization, higher English proficiency, educational attainment, and full-time employment are associated with greater odds of being in administrative records. These findings suggest that as immigrants adapt and integrate into U.S. society, they are more likely to be involved in government and commercial processes and programs for which we are including data. We further explore administrative records coverage for the two largest race/ethnic groups in our sample – Hispanic and non-Hispanic single-race Asian foreign born, finding again that characteristics related to assimilation are associated with administrative records coverage for both groups. However, we observe that neighborhood context impacts Hispanics and Asians differently.
Sammells, Clare A. 2011. The Aymara Year Count: Calendrical Translations in Tiwanaku, Bolivia. Ethnology 50.3: 245-258.
Authors: Sammells Clare A.
Published: July 2018

This article considers the Aymara year count that appeared in Bolivian newspapers in 1988 in connection with June solstice celebrations at the pre-Columbian archaeological site of Tiwanaku. The Aymara year communicates politico-temporal meanings; its numbers are evocative, which is why it has gained traction as an accepted part of solstice celebrations in the media and with the Bolivian public. The Aymara year count is a numeric expression of three implicit interrelated political statements. First, it shows that the Aymara have a history that reaches far deeper than their involvement with European conquerors. Second, it links Aymara history to broader pan-indigenous histories. Finally, it demonstrates to non-indigenous audiences that Aymara history, astronomy, and mathematics are rational and sophisticated. This final claim is achieved by using timekeeping to translate very real Tiwanakota accomplishments into an idiom understandable to national and international audiences. The Aymara year count is not used as a method of quantitative timekeeping. Instead, it forms part of the politics that invoke the past.
Missing Scholars: Social Exclusion at the Indian Institutes of Managment
Authors: Joshi Siddharth , Malghan Deepak
Published: July 2018

The Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) suffer from an acute social diversity deficit in the composition of their faculty bodies. Using administrative data obtained under Right to Information Act (RTI), we show that one of the central drivers of this diversity deficit is the IIMs’ failure to pay attention to questions of diversity and inclusion in their doctoral programmes that account for a third of all current faculty members across IIMs. We document the omissions and commissions of IIM doctoral programmes across four decades and conclude that IIMs are responsible for a phenomenon we describe as “missing scholars.” A conservative estimate of missing scholars suggests that this phenomenon accounts for at least 130% of IIM-trained scholars currently on the faculty of IIMs. We argue that IIMs must take immediate ameliorative actions as part of a programme of restorative, rather than retributive reparation.
This is Fucking Class War: Voices from the 2012 Québec Student Strike
Authors: novembre Collectif X
Published: July 2018

The spring and summer of 2012 saw the emergence of a massive social movement in Québec, centered around—but growing beyond—a student strike. The strike was called in opposition to a 75 per cent increase in university tuition fees announced by Québec’s Liberal government under then-Premier, Jean Charest. From February 2012 until the following September, the streets of Montreal, Québec City and other towns in the province were alive with demonstrations and protest actions. Students walked out of class and stayed out, picketing their academic institutions and even holding barricades against police intervention; over 3,000 people were arrested over the course of those few months, new repressive laws were introduced and resisted, and solidarity between groups and across sectors was built and tested.The aim of this book is both to provide a glimpse into the lived experience of this social movement for the benefit of those who were not a part of it, and to uncover some of the lessons that can be garnered from a reflexive look back at the movement. It brings together contributions by students and non-students, academics, parents, activists, anarchists, artists, and others, most of which were written as the mass mobilizations began to subside in the fall of 2012. The book is meant to be accessible to a wide audience, including those without previous knowledge of the 2012 strike or the Québec context. It is our hope that the information and ideas shared in the chapters that follow will inspire and inform reflection and future social movement action in Québec and elsewhere.The book can also be found online at thisisclasswar.info.
Restorative Justice Conferencing as a ‘Holistic’ Process: Convenor Perspectives
Authors: Suzuki Masahiro , Wood William R
Published: July 2018

Restorative justice conferencing (RJC) has demonstrated strengths over traditional criminal justice approaches, including victim satisfaction and redress, and offender perceptions of legitimacy and fairness. However, less is known about how and why. This research examines conference convenor perspectives concerning how and why RJC ‘works’ in terms of such outcomes. The convenor perspective is a poorly investigated area in RJC research, despite the pivotal role that convenors play as ‘key’ participants in RJC practice. Based on semi-structured interviews with convenors involved in the Youth Justice Group Conferencing program in Victoria, findings highlight that not only face-to-face dialogue, but also preparation and follow-up play distinct and important roles in the outcomes of RJC. As preparation and follow-up phases are often dismissed or compromised in practice, this article suggests that RJC should be clearly articulated and implemented as a ‘holistic’ process that requires equal attention to all three phases.
Alfred von Reumont als Sagensammler und Sagenautor
Authors: Graf Klaus
Published: July 2018

Alfred von Reumont published popular books on the legends of Aachen and the Rhine: Aachens Liederkranz und Sagenwelt (1829, new edition 1873: Aachener Liederchronik) and Rheinlands Sagen, Geschichten und Legenden (1837, English: Ruins of the Rhine. Their Times and Traditions). They are contextualized in the framework of German legend production and Rhine Romanticism. The essay concludes with remarks on the perception of the relationship between legend and history in Germany in the nineteenth century.Printed: Klaus Graf: Alfred Reumont als Sagensammler und Sagenautor. In: Alfred von Reumont (1808-1887) – ein Diplomat als kultureller Mittler. Ed. by Frank Pohle (= Historische Forschungen 107). Berlin: Duncker & Humblot 2015, pp. 125-136.
Preelection Mobilization and Electoral Outcome in Authoritarian Regimes
Authors: Kadivar Mohammad Ali
Published: July 2018

Final version of the paper is available here:http://mobilizationjournal.org/doi/abs/10.17813/1086-671X-22-3-293Does pre-election protest have an effect on the outcomes of authoritarian elections? Electoral authoritarian regimes use elections to consolidate their power and claim democratic legitimacy. Nonetheless, on some occasions authoritarian incumbents lose elections despite their advantages and a democratic breakthrough is achieved. I propose that pre-election protest contributes to such election results. Existing scholarship focuses primarily on the effectiveness of post-election upheavals, but the effects of pre-election protest are still theoretically and empirically understudied. This paper proposes a theory for why pre-election contention has an independent effect on incumbent defeat of authoritarian regimes and democratization. I present empirical support for the association between pre-election protest activities, incumbent defeat, and democratization using data from 190 elections across 65 countries with non-democratic regimes. The findings of this analysis have important implications for studies of social movements, authoritarian politics, and democratization.
People's Councils for Ethical Machine Learning
Authors: McQuillan Dan
Published: July 2018

Machine learning is a form of knowledge production native to the era of big data. It is at the core of social media platforms and everyday interactions. It is also being rapidly adopted for research and discovery across academia, business and government. This paper will explore the way the affordances of machine learning itself, and the forms of social apparatus that it becomes a part of, will potentially erode ethics and draw us in to a drone-like perspective. Unconstrained machine learning enables and delimits our knowledge of the world in particular ways: the abstractions and operations of machine learning produce a ‘view from above’ whose consequences for both ethics and legality parallel the dilemmas of drone warfare. The family of machine learning methods is not somehow inherently bad or dangerous, nor does implementing them signal any intent to cause harm. Nevertheless, the machine learning assemblage produces a targeting gaze whose algorithms obfuscate the legality of its judgements, and whose iterations threaten to create both specific injustices and broader states of exception. Given the urgent need to provide some kind of balance before machine learning becomes embedded everywhere, this paper proposes people’s councils as a way to contest machinic judgements and reassert openness and discourse.
The Economics of Improvement in Intellectual Property Law
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

A number of doctrines in modern copyright and patent law attempt to strikesome balance between the rights of original developers and the rights ofsubsequent improvers. Both patents and copyrights are limited in durationand in scope. Each of these limitations provides some freedom of action tosubsequent improvers. Improvers are free to use material that is in thepublic domain because the copyright or patent has expired. They are free toskirt the edges of existing intellectual property rights, for example bytaking the ideas but not the expression from a copyrighted work or"designing around" the claims of a patent. However, improvers cannot alwaysavoid the intellectual property rights of the basic work on which they wishto improve. Some improvements fall within the scope of the preexistingintellectual property right, either because of an expansive definition ofthat right or because economic or technical necessity requires that theimprover hew closely to the work of the original creator in some basicrespect. Here, the improver is at the mercy of the original intellectualproperty owner, unless there is some separate right that expressly allowscopying for the sake of improvement.
A BUNDLE OF DISPARATE INTERESTS: Research Fields and Sub-Disciplines in the Present-Day Russian Anthropology
Authors: SOKOLOVSKIY Sergei V.
Published: July 2018

A sketch of the disciplinary structure of various research foci that constitute current Russian (social and cultural) anthropology.
The Idea of Contrastive Explanandum
Authors: Ylikoski Petri
Published: July 2018

In this paper, I will discuss the idea of contrastive explanandum. I will restrict my discussion to singular causal explanation, but the basic ideas and the arguments have a broader application. They are relevant also to other kinds of explanations. In the first section I will first present the intuitive idea of contrastive questions, and then elaborate it by discussing typical criteria for the choice of a contrast. I also suggest a novel way to see the difference between scientific and everyday explanatory questions. In the second section I will discuss the major criticisms presented against contrastive theories of explanation in order to further clarify my position. I argue that all explananda can be analyzed as contrastive and that this is a fruitful approach in understanding explanatory questions. I also argue that the contrastive thesis should be understood as a claim about what an explanation can explain, not as a thesis about what the explainee has in her mind. Finally, I defend the thesis that a contrastive explanandum can be reduced to a non-contrastive explanandum against the arguments presented by Dennis Temple and John W. Carroll.
Polite Literature and Satyagraham
Authors: Iyer Niranjan
Published: July 2018

Satyagraham: commonly mistaken for passive resistance; in actual fact means “firmness in the truth”. The ‘capable’ spokesperson/s holds in their power the ability to aggravate the general public into higher orbitals of tempers that anger is the only neural pathway through which deliberations occur. One is thus adequately motivated to trust the news produced, pandering to the outcomes of ones thoughts whilst in the state of anger. There is an old saying in Tamil that when translated goes: “The man that is easily angered, lacks the capacity for thought”. This may not necessarily apply only to the temperamental. A feeling one gets is that the arousal of tempers is quite subjective and the right trigger can overly anger even the most rational of people. Threat to safety, income and acquired xenophobia are historically potent triggers. If one then wished then to advance an agenda, ‘hide it behind a veil that is the trigger’ is a secret known to the enlightened, and the less mechanically visible the veil, the less likely the public’s ability to see through the veil to the hidden agenda.
Why Keep a Dog and Bark Yourself? From Intermediary Liability to Responsibility
Authors: Frosio Giancarlo
Published: July 2018

Since the enactment of the first safe harbours and liability exemptions for online intermediaries, market conditions have radically changed. Originally, intermediary liability exemptions were introduced to promote an emerging Internet market. Do safe harbours for online intermediaries still serve innovation? Should they be limited or expanded? These critical questions—often tainted by protectionist concerns—define the present intermediary liability conundrum. In this context, this paper would like to explain the recent developments in intermediary liability theory and policy within a broader move towards private ordering online. Public enforcement lacking technical knowledge and resources to address an unprecedented challenge in terms of global human semiotic behaviour would coactively outsource enforcement online to private parties.Online intermediaries’ governance would move away from a well-established utilitarian approach and toward a moral approach by rejecting negligence-based intermediary liability arrangements. Miscellaneous policy tools—such as monitoring and filtering obligations, blocking orders, graduated response, payment blockades and follow-the-money strategies, private DNS content regulation, online search manipulation, or administrative enforcement—might reflect this change in perspective. In particular, governments—and interested third-parties such as intellectual property rightholders—try to coerce online intermediaries into implementing these policy strategies through voluntary measures and self-regulation, in addition to validly enacted obligations. This process might be pushing an amorphous notion of responsibility that incentivizes intermediaries’ self-intervention to police allegedly infringing activities in the Internet. In this sense, the intermediary liability discourse is shifting towards an intermediary responsibility discourse.Further, enforcement would be looking once again for an ‘answer to the machine in the machine’. By enlisting online intermediaries as watchdogs, governments would de facto delegate online enforcement to algorithmic tools. Due process and fundamental guarantees get mauled by technological enforcement, curbing fair uses of content online and silencing speech according to the mainstream ethical discourse.
Protecting Markets from Society: Non-Pecuniary Claims in American Corporate Democracy
Authors: Gershenson Carl
Published: July 2018

The state incentivizes investors to entrust capital to public corporationsby granting shareholders enforceable rights over managers. However, theserights create legal “access points” through which social movements can makenon-pecuniary claims on the corporation. I use original historical researchon the Securities and Exchange Commission’s administration of federalsecurities law to show that concern over non-pecuniary claims motivates thestate to enact the role of “market protector.” In this role, the Commissioninsulates managers of corporations from shareholders’ claims that it deemsillegitimate because they are insufficiently profit-oriented. Thus theinverse of Polanyi’s observation that society protects itself from marketsis also true: the state creates market boundaries so that “always embedded”markets function more like autonomous, profit-oriented markets.Accordingly, the extent to which corporate democracy represents general,social interests or narrow, profit-oriented interests is largely a functionof political contestation and state policy.
Human vulnerability to tornadoes in the United States is highest in urbanized areas of the Mid South
Authors: Elsner James B. , Fricker Tyler
Published: July 2018

Risk factors for tornado casualties are well known. Less understood is how and to what degree these factors, after controlling for strength and the number of people affected, vary over space and time. Here we fit models to casualty counts from all casualty-producing tornadoes during the period 1995-2016 in order to quantify the interactions between population and energy on casualty (deaths plus injuries) rates. Results show that the more populated areas of the Mid South are substantially and significantly more vulnerable to casualties than elsewhere in the country. In this region casualty rates are significantly higher on the weekend. Night and day casualty rates are similar regardless of where the tornadoes occur. States with a high percentage of older people (65+) tend to have greater vulnerability perhaps related to less agility and fewer communication options.
Sticks, Stones and Molotov Cocktails: Unarmed Collective Violence and Democratization
Authors: Kadivar Mohammad Ali , Ketchley Neil
Published: July 2018

The literature on civil resistance finds that nonviolent campaigns are more likely to succeed than violent insurgencies. A parallel literature on democratization poses mass mobilization as exogenous to political liberalization. Contributing to both literatures, we propose the category of unarmed collective violence to capture an empirically recurring form of unruly collective action, and use a mixed methods research design to examine its impact on democratization. An event history analysis finds that riots are positively associated with political liberalization in 103 nondemocracies from 1990 to 2004. Attacks by civilians on police stations during the 25th January Egyptian Revolution, which disrupted the coercive capacity of the Mubarak regime, illustrate one way in which unarmed collective violence can bring about a democratic breakthrough. A qualitative examination of all 80 democratic transitions held between 1980 and 2010 also reveals the salience of unarmed collective violence. These findings contribute to research on the dynamics of contentious democratization, and suggest that remaining unarmed may be more consequential for a democracy campaign than adhering to nonviolence.
To what extent are complex public health interventions transferable across contexts? Protocol of an interdisciplinary study of a school-based nutritional health intervention in France
Authors: Kelly-Irving Michelle , Gaborit Emilie , Mabile Laurence , Beraut Florent , Lang Thierry , Villeval Melanie
Published: July 2018

Background: Governments across Europe have attempted to address the obesogenic environment through a variety of policy measures over the last two decades. A growing literature advocates for complex population interventions in public health. Such approaches embrace the need for interventions that can operate within the complexity of real-life situations as well as capturing and tracking interactions between an intervention and its context. Aim: This paper describes the original interdisciplinary methodological approach of a research project. The study was designed to ascertain whether complex public health interventions can be transferred from one local context to another while remaining loyal to their initial objectives. Method: An integrated interdisciplinary qualitative design was established to elaborate and answer the research questions. Three disciplinary strands were involved: Political Science, Public Health and Sociology. The three strands worked together while applying their specific methodological approaches. Results: The Political Science strand analysed the public health nutrition intervention taking a socio-historic policy studies top-down perspective. The Public Health Strand developed a method of analysing the three interventions through a co-construction process with the participants. This allows for the key functions, forms and context of each intervention to be identified and compared. The Sociology strand performed ethnographic methods to observe and analyse the deployment and activities linked with each intervention across sites. Together the three strands provide an interdisciplinary analysis of the length and breadth of the interventional scope with which to answer the research questions. Discussion: Here, we discuss the operational challenges involved in the project, including the difficulties encountered with the interdisciplinary approach, as well as field work challenges.
Online Exogamy Reconsidered: Estimating the Internet’s Effects on Racial, Educational, Religious, Political and Age Assortative Mating
Authors: Thomas Reuben J.
Published: July 2018

Increases in the rates of interracial and interreligious couples within the U.S. have occurred seemingly in tandem with the rise of the Internet and online dating, but the evidence connecting online sources of romance and couple heterogeneity have been limited and mixed. Using a unique dataset collected in 2009 and again in 2017 on how U.S. couples met, and controlling for the diversity of their local geographies, I find that couples who met online are more likely to be interracial, interreligious, and of different college degree status, but also more similar in age. These differences can vary by where on the Internet couples met, with online dating websites and apps showing a clear effect on increased age assortativity, while other online sources of partners do not. Population-level estimates suggests that only a small part of the recent changes in couple diversity can be directly attributed to couples meeting online, but there is the potential for more Internet-induced change if it becomes the primary source of romantic introductions.
Social-Institutional Structures That Matter: A Quantitative Monograph of Sexual/Gender Minority Status and Earnings in Japan
Authors: Hiramori Daiki
Published: July 2018

While most previous studies examining the effects of sexual orientation on earnings rely on lesbians, gay men, and their heterosexual counterparts in Western societies, this quantitative monograph argues that focusing on social-institutional structures of a society and understanding specific stratification processes based on various sexual/gender minority statuses are important for the theory of stratification by sexual orientation and transgender status. Using the “niji VOICE 2018” survey, this study examines the association between sexual/gender minority status and earnings in Japan. The analysis shows that there is a negative association between being a sexual/gender minority and earnings among both designated females at birth and designated males at birth. The results suggesting the lesbian premium found in Western economies are not observed in Japan. The findings also indicate that the processes through which stratification based on sexual orientation and transgender status may operate depend on various categories of sexual/gender minorities such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and a Japanese local transgender category “X-gender.”
Perceptions of learning versus teaching styles
Authors: Strunk Kamden K , Montgomery Diane
Published: July 2018

The student perspective is a missing element in learning research, particularly for preferences in learning according to Sternberg’s intelligence theory. This study examined the way that a group of nine students describe their own learning styles and the learning environment of the classes they take by using two sorting procedures. Three viewpoints emerged from the interpretation of the data, which were named Individualized Practical Understanding, Social Imagination, and Reflective Analysis. The emergent viewpoints seem to suggest that a more nuanced understanding of learning occurs within-person.
Third Party Tracking in the Mobile Ecosystem
Authors: Binns Reuben , Lyngs Ulrik , Van Kleek Max , Zhao Jun , Libert Timothy , Shadbolt Nigel
Published: July 2018

Third party tracking allows companies to identify users and track their behaviour across multiple digital services. This paper presents an empirical study of the prevalence of third-party trackers on 959,000 apps from the US and UK Google Play stores. We find that most apps contain third party tracking, and the distribution of trackers is long-tailed with several highly dominant trackers accounting for a large portion of the coverage. The extent of tracking also differs between categories of apps; in particular, news apps and apps targeted at children appear to be amongst the worst in terms of the number of third party trackers associated with them. Third party tracking is also revealed to be a highly trans-national phenomenon, with many trackers operating in jurisdictions outside the EU. Based on these findings, we draw out some significant legal compliance challenges facing the tracking industry.
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT METHOD OF URBAN WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FROM NEAMT COUNTY, ROMANIA
Authors: MIHAI Florin Constantin
Published: July 2018

This paper proposes a performance assessment method (PAM) at urbanscale, based on five specific waste indicators such as: population accessto wastecollection services (%), separate collection (%), reuse & recycle (%),landfilling (%)and amounts of waste uncollected (Qwu-%). Values of each indicator arecorrelatedto an assessment table for three different years (2004, 2007, 2010)highlighting thedisparities between urban localities from Neam County. The paper alsoexaminesthe changes and dysfunctions of urban waste management systems betweenpreaccession vs post-accession period. PAM should be a necessary tool forenvironmental authorities or decision-makers for monitoring the process ofmunicipalsolid waste systems from various cities on regional scale, particularly fornew EUmembers.
Individuals as problems: psychology between individuation and the 'illusion of subjectivity'
Authors: Rojas Patricio
Published: July 2018

This presentation experiments with the proposition that, rather than understanding 'individual psychic life', psychology should devote itself to the analysis of 'individuals as problems' (Tucker, 2012). Such an invitation seeks to provide psychology with a non-reductionist and processual understanding of experience. Moreover, it encourages efforts to deploy the specific patterns of processes of heterogeneous relations that compose specific and perceivable forms of individuation. It is tempting to celebrate this new way of understanding the possibilities of psychology since it avoids what can be understood as the 'illusion of subjectivity' (Duff, 2014), i.e. it's evanescent and mediated character. Under that scope, subjectivity is an illusion psychology frequently grounds in an equally illusory reified, single-bounded, autonomous subject. What this paper seeks to propose is that along with embracing the idea of psychology as the task of experimenting with individuals as problems -and the new forms of subjectivity that might entail- we would do well by asking what kind of problems individuals are, and what does it mean to cultivate 'individuals as problems' as the raison d'etre of its work, and wonder about what 'the psychological' might become under such endeavour.
Datos personales y Cloud Computing
Authors: Lopez-Martinez Amelia
Published: July 2018

El cloud computing o computación en la nube se ha impuesto y la transición de muchos sistemas hacia ese modelo tecnológico parece ya imparable.Hemos abordado la problemática asociada al almacenamiento y uso de datos de carácter personal (en el amplio sentido legal del concepto) que puede tener una BU que se plantee implementar servicios basados en la nube.La transición al cloud computing de las BU supone una potencial ruptura de las normas éticas con las que los bibliotecarios nos hemos dedicado a proteger la privacidad de los usuarios, y complica la aplicación del marco legal de protección de datos.Probablemente la estrella de esa migración a la nube la encontramos en los SIGBs. Desde hace unos años los desarrolladores de estos productos se han lanzado a ofertar soluciones basadas en esta tecnología. Pero hay que advertir que no solo de SIGBs está hecha la nube bibliotecaria.No es extraño que BU usen (o se hayan planteado usar) formularios electrónicos gratuitos para recoger datos (como Google Forms), o sistemas de mensajería instantánea para mejorar la comunicación y difusión de información (como WhatsApp), o áreas personales de recursos-e contratados (como ProQuest Central), por citar algunos ejemplos.Tanto en los grandes y costosos sistemas destinados específicamente a las bibliotecas como en otros servicios, muchos de ellos gratuitos, pueden estar implicados datos de carácter personal que afecten a nuestros usuarios.Más allá de las conocidas ventajas, existen inconvenientes al ser terceros (muchas veces multinacionales) quienes facilitan estas soluciones (habitualmente deslocalizadas y no muy transparentes) perdiendo la B el control directo de los datos de los usuarios y de su actividad.
Racial Segregation in Metropolitan Regions: What can be Learned from a Social Interaction Approach?
Authors: Farber Steven , Wessel Nate , Xu Jielan
Published: July 2018

Racial segregation is a pervasive social feature of American cities responsible for social, economic and health disparities. Conventional measures of segregation have been criticised for ignoring the spatial and temporal dynamics of everyday life, which are theorized to influence the ease of interaction between people. In this paper we explore a Social Interaction Potential based measure of racial segregation (SIP-Seg). SIP-Seg attempts to quantify the time-geographic constraints on between-group and within-group interaction opportunities based on the spatial distributions of residences, workplaces, and the daily commute. We compute SIP-Seg for all Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in the United States, and regress them against conventional measures of segregation as well as a host of factors capturing the spatial structure of regions. Our results indicate that the relationship between zonal segregation and SIP-Seg is strong, but the strongest explanatory factors are race-disaggregated commuting distances, which explain far more of the variance than non-racial spatial structure factors. The research suggests that SIP-Seg captures a spatiotemporal dimension of segregation that is ignored by conventional measures.