bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parallel between the isotopic composition of coccolith calcite and carbon levels across Termination II: developing a new paleo-CO2 probe
Authors: Godbillot Camille , Minoletti Fabrice , Bassinot Franck , Hermoso Michaël
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Beyond the pCO2 records provided by ice core
measurements, the quantification of atmospheric CO2 concentrations and
changes thereof relies on proxy data, the development of which represents a
foremost challenge in paleoceanography. In the paleoceanographic toolbox,
the coccolithophores occupy a notable place, as the magnitude of the carbon
isotopic fractionation between ambient CO2 and a type of organic
compounds that these photosynthetic microalgae synthesize (the alkenones)
represents a relatively robust proxy to reconstruct past atmospheric
CO2 concentrations during the Cenozoic. The isotopic composition of
coeval calcite biominerals found in the sediments and also produced by the
coccolithophores (the coccoliths) have been found to record an ambient
CO2 signal through culture and sediment analyses. These studies have,
however, not yet formalized a transfer function that quantitatively ties the
isotopic composition of coccolith calcite to the concentrations of aqueous
CO2 and, ultimately, to atmospheric CO2 levels. Here, we make use
of a microseparation protocol to compare the isotopic response of two
size-restricted coccolith assemblages from the North Atlantic to changes in
surface ocean CO2 during Termination II (ca. 130–140 ka). Performing
paired measurements of the isotopic composition (δ13C and
δ18O) of relatively large and small coccoliths provides an
isotopic offset that can be designated as a “differential vital effect”.
We find that the evolution of this offset follows that of aqueous CO2
concentrations computed from the ice core CO2 curve and an independent
temperature signal. We interpret this biogeochemical feature to be the
result of converging carbon fixation strategies between large and small
cells as the degree of carbon limitation for cellular growth decreases
across the deglaciation. We are therefore able to outline a first-order
trend between the coccolith differential vital effects and aqueous CO2
in the range of Quaternary CO2 concentrations. Although this study
would benefit from further constraints on the other controls at play on
coccolith geochemistry (growth rate, air–sea gas exchange, etc.), this test
of the drivers of coccolith Δδ13C and Δδ18O in natural conditions is a new step in the development of a
coccolith paleo-CO2 probe.
Improving the prediction of the Madden-Julian Oscillation of the ECMWF model by post-processing
Authors: Silini Riccardo , Lerch Sebastian , Mastrantonas Nikolaos , Kantz Holger , Barreiro Marcelo , Masoller Cristina
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a major source of predictability on the sub-seasonal (10- to 90-days) time scale. An improved forecast of the MJO, may have important socioeconomic impacts due to the influence of MJO on both, tropical and extratropical weather extremes. Although in the last decades state-of-the-art climate models have proved their capability for forecasting the MJO exceeding the 5 weeks prediction skill, there is still room for improving the prediction. In this study we use Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and a Machine Learning (ML) algorithm as post-processing methods to improve the forecast of the model that currently holds the best MJO forecasting performance, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) model. We find that both MLR and ML improve the MJO prediction and that ML outperforms MLR. The largest improvement is in the prediction of the MJO geographical location and intensity.
Gridded 5-arcmin, simultaneously farm-size- and crop-specific harvested area for 56 countries
Authors: Su Han , Willaarts Bárbara , Luna-Gonzalez Diana , Krol Maarten S. , Hogeboom Rick J.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Farms are not homogeneous. Smaller farms generally have different planted crops, yields, agricultural input, and irrigations compared to larger farms. Mapping farm size could facilitate studies to quantify how water availability and climate change affect small and large farms respectively. Given the lack of gridded farm-size specific data, this study aims to develop a global gridded simultaneously farm-size- and crop-specific dataset of harvested area. We achieved it by downscaling a best-available dataset, which collected direct measurements on crop and farm size, using crop maps, cropland extent, and dominant field size distributions for 2010. Uncertainties in crop maps were explicitly considered by using two crop maps separately during downscaling. Due to data availability, our downscaled maps cover 56 countries accounting for half of the global cropland. Based on the two different crop maps, we have one 5-arcmin gridded, simultaneously farm-size- and crop-specific dataset of harvested area for 11 farm sizes, 27 crops, and 2 farming systems and the other one for 11 farm sizes, 42 crops, and 4 farming systems. The downscaled maps show major planted crops and irrigation change along with farm sizes which support previous findings. Validations show well consistencies with observations on farm-size specific oil palm from satellite images, farm-size specific irrigation from household surveys, and previous studies that map farm size but are not crop-specific. We observed some uncertainties at the grid cell level and found conclusions at the country-level are robust to these uncertainties including the uncertainties from the crop maps. Our downscaled maps will help to explicitly include farm size into global agriculture modeling. The source data, code, and downscaled maps are open-access and free available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5747616 (Su et al., 2022).
Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in the coastal Sea of Japan inferred from 15 years of measurements of stable isotope ratios of Calanus sinicus
Authors: Nakamura Ken-ichi , Nishimoto Atsushi , Yasui-Tamura Saori , Kogure Yoichi , Nakae Misato , Iguchi Naoki , Morimoto Haruyuki , Kodama Taketoshi
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Both nitrogen and carbon dynamics have changed in the Sea of
Japan. We hypothesized that the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios
(δ13C and δ15N) of the copepod Calanus sinicus could record
changes in the coastal environment of the Sea of Japan. Consequently, these
isotope ratios were monitored during the spring at four stations from 2006
to 2020 to identify the changes in carbon and nitrogen dynamics. The δ13C values ranged from −24.7 ‰ to −15.0 ‰ and
decreased from the spring bloom (February–March) to the post-bloom
(June–July) seasons. These variations were attributed to changes in the
physiology of both C. sinicus and phytoplankton δ13C contents. The
δ15N values range from 2.8 ‰ to 8.8 ‰,
indicating that C. sinicus is a secondary producer; the tendency of the δ15N values to increase from the bloom to the post-bloom seasons was
attributable to an increase in the δ15N of phytoplankton. A
generalized linear model (GLM) approach indicated that >70 %
of the variations in δ13C can be explained by sea surface
temperature (SST), sea surface chlorophyll a concentration (SSC),
carbon:nitrogen ratio of C. sinicus (C/N ratio), and geographic differences. The
residuals of δ13C in the GLM decreased yearly
(−0.035 ‰ yr−1). The GLM for δ15N
of C. sinicus indicated that δ15N varies with the stage or sex in addition
to SST, SSC, C/N ratio, and geographic differences. The δ15N
values of female C. sinicus and stage V copepodites were the lowest and highest,
respectively. The residuals of δ15N in the GLM did not exhibit
a significant interannual trend. These results suggest that the carbon
isotope ratio in the secondary producer has linearly changed in the coastal
Sea of Japan over the past 15 years. Moreover, the changes in carbon
dynamics of this area have been recorded and observed to impact the marine
ecosystem, while the nitrogen dynamics have not been recorded despite the
increasing nitrogenous nutrient inputs in this sea.
Effects of COVID-19 on Multiple Sclerosis Relapse: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Topolski Matthew , Soti Varun
Published: March 2022

Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. It is characterized by demyelinating lesions throughout the central nervous system. Patients suffering from multiple sclerosis constitute a vulnerable population to coronavirus disease-2019. This review focuses on the effects of coronavirus disease-2019 on relapse and symptom exacerbation in multiple sclerosis patients and their treatment. It highlights how the blood-brain barrier may be compromised by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, allowing inflammatory mediators and lymphocytes to infiltrate the central nervous system. This may increase the risk of relapse in multiple sclerosis patients. Also, in patients who did not have a prior history of multiple sclerosis, coronavirus disease-2019 has been found to impact multiple sclerosis onset and pathogenesis. However, more comprehensive research is required to fully understand the interplay between multiple sclerosis and coronavirus disease-2019.
Pengaturan Hak Politik Calon Bupati & Wakil Bupati Setelah Putusan MK No: 42/PUU-XIII/2015
Authors: Herman  , Firmansyah Andi
Published: March 2022

Pokok permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana syarat pembatasan hak politik bagi mantan narapidana berdasarkan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 42/PUU-XIII/2015. Masalah pokok tersebut selanjutnya dirinci menjadi dua sub masalah, yaitu: (1) Bagaimana pembatasan hak politik bagi mantan narapidana? Narapidana berdasarkan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No.: 42/PUU-XIII/2015 dan apa dasar pertimbangannya?, (2) Apa syarat yang harus dipenuhi mantan narapidana untuk menjadi calon kepala daerah menurut Mahkamah Konstitusi? Putusan No.: 42/PUU-XIII 2015? Jenis pemeriksaan yang digunakan dalam tinjauan ini, lebih spesifiknya: mengatur eksplorasi yang sah. Mata air kebendaan yang sah dalam penelitian ini merupakan sumber kebendaan yang hakiki, khususnya Undang-undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2015dan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 42/PUU-XIII/2015, sedangkan sumber bahan hukum sekunder adalah: buku, artikel dan jurnal. Pendekatan hukum (statutory approach) digunakan sebagai pendekatan. Selain itu, metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan bahan hukum adalah penelitian kepustakaan. Teknik pengelolaan bahan hukum dilakukan dengan cara mereduksi bahan hukum, menyajikan bahan hukum, dan menarik kesimpulan. Bahan hukum dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan putusan MK No.:42/PUU-XIII/2015 yang sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 7 huruf g dan Pasal 45 ayat 1 dan 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2015 tentang pemilihan gubernur, bupati, dan walikota dijelaskan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum mengikat, dasar pemeriksaan adalah hak konstitusional setiap orang, termasuk mantan narapidana, untuk menggunakan hak politiknya untuk dipilih sederajat dengan calon kepala daerah lainnya. Syarat-syarat yang harus dipenuhi mantan narapidana yang berpeluang menjadi kepala daerah berdasarkan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 42/PUU-XIII/2015 diisolasi menjadi empat wilayah, antara lain: (1) tidak sah untuk memilih jabatan publik; (2) substansial untuk waktu yang dibatasi hanya 5 (lima) tahun setelah terpidana melakukan hukumannya; (3) Pengecualian dilakukan terhadap mantan narapidana yang secara terbuka dan sungguh-sungguh menyatakan kepada publik bahwa yang bersangkutan adalah mantan narapidana; (4) bukan sebagai pelaku kebiasaan.
Conhecimento probabilístico de crianças: uma análise considerando o jogo travessia do rio
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Batista Rita , Borba Rute ,   Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Published: March 2022

O presente estudo é um recorte de uma pesquisa sobre o conhecimento probabilístico de crianças, utilizando jogos. Expomos as análises realizadas a partir de uma entrevista clínica com três crianças utilizando o jogo Travessia do Rio (Brasil, 2014). O jogo tem como objetivo analisar a possibilidade de soma no lançamento de dois dados. Nosso foco circundou, especialmente, duas exigências cognitivas necessárias à compreensão da probabilidade: compreender a aleatoriedade e formar o espaço amostral (Bryant e Nunes, 2012). Os resultados apontaram que os participantes não demonstraram familiaridade/domínio sobre o espaço amostral. A aleatoriedade foi associada a uma vontade ou escolha pessoal. No que diz respeito à independência de eventos, as crianças cometeram o erro de recência positiva ou recência negativa. Percebemos, apoiados também em outros estudos, a necessidade de intervenção escolar para ampliação da compreensão probabilística das crianças.
Learning to portray your reality: teaching statistics to high school students
Authors:   University of Brasilia, Nogales Vasconcelos Ana , Braga da Silva Cardoso Cauan ,   University of Brasilia, Figueiredo Vieira Isabella ,   University of Brasilia
Published: March 2022

The Institutional Scientific Initiation Scholarship Program (PIBIC) “Learning to Portray Your Reality” seeks to motivate female high school students to apply for undergraduate program in statistics at the University of Brasilia (UnB), to divulge the undergraduate program in statistics at UnB and to promote the statistical education. The high school students learned how to have a statistical thinking, what is the job of a statistician and the roll of statistic in science, as well as some basics concepts of statistics. They also learned how to work with the database available online by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Furthermore, it was designed an activity to promote the undergraduate program in statistics at UnB and the learning of the statistic in their school.
Teaching statistical methods in engineering courses through wind power data
Authors:   Rio de Janeiro State University, Pessanha José , Oliveira Fernando ,   Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Souza Reinaldo ,   Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro
Published: March 2022

We describe examples based on real wind speed data designed to introduce engineering students at the post-calculus level to statistical methods and theory with real engineering problems. The examples cover some steps of the traditional wind power data analysis in order to develop in the student the data analysis capabilities and the statistical reasoning applied to the engineering problems.
Connecting mathematical and statistical teaching: the role of statistical variables
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, del Pino Guido , Araneda Ana ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: March 2022

Teaching statistics is unappealing to most high school teachers, in part due to their deficient university training in this field and to the fact that people with a strong mathematical preparation tend to look down on areas that use only elementary mathematics. To lessen this problem this paper establishes some connections between descriptive statistics, probability, and mathematics, comparing statistical variables, random variables, and functions. Several arguments are given to justify that in statistical applications, it is not the function representing the variable that matters, but the key element is the induced frequency distribution, which is important for the teaching probability theory. Some pedagogical ideas are given for teaching continuous variables, a topic that poses subtle mathematical issues, like the meaning of a real number, of continuous functions, and of infinite domains, and that the exact value of a continuous variable is not observable.
A brazilian site with activities for teaching statistics
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Nascimento Magalhães Marcos , dos Santos Batista Guilherme ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Pereira da Silva Marco ,   Universidade de São Paulo
Published: March 2022

We describe the site AtivEstat- Atividades de Estatística (Statistics activities) that is being developed at University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The site aims to organize existing or new activities to assist in the teaching of statistics at all levels. The site contains a list of other sites and a set of activities. The main contribution of the site is to offer an organized material in Portuguese language that covers statistics topics for all teaching levels. An important challenge is to enlarge the number of teachers that promote possibilities of active learning in their classes and, consequently, in the teaching-learning of statistics. We think AtivEstat is an important tool, in this challenge.
O uso de objetos de aprendizagem de estatística na alfabetização matemática
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, dos Santos Luciane , Alves Joana ,   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Henning Elisa ,   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina
Published: March 2022

Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa realizada no âmbito da Educação Matemática e da Educação Estatística para selecionar e testar objetos de aprendizagem de Estatística que podem ser utilizados como apoio ao processo de Alfabetização Matemática de crianças que cursam o ciclo de alfabetização (primeiro, segundo e terceiro ano do Ensino Fundamental). Foram utilizados repositórios digitais para buscar os objetos de aprendizagem. Os objetos de aprendizagem encontrados foram testados pelos pesquisadores que avaliaram o seu funcionamento, sua aplicabilidade e sua pertinência à proposta de serem recursos de ensino para alfabetização matemática na perspectiva da Educação Estatística. Os resultados da pesquisa foram apresentados na forma de uma análise que mostrou a identificação dos objetos de aprendizagem e seus objetivos, bem como uma avaliação crítica dos testes realizados.
Mejorando las competencias para la enseñanza de la estadística de profesores de secundaria en formación a través de talleres participativos
Authors:   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pérez Adriana , Cueto Gerardo ,   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Fernández María ,   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Filloy Julieta ,   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Diez Stella ,   Universidad de Palermo, Kelmansky Diana ,   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pomilio Carlos ,   Universidad de Buenos Aires
Published: March 2022

Se describe una intervención didáctica cuyo objetivo fue acompañar el trayecto formativo en estadística de los futuros profesores de Matemática de la escuela media. Se diseñaron talleres sobre estadística descriptiva y probabilidad que comprendieron una revisión conceptual, la identificación de los obstáculos epistemológicos, el desarrollo de actividades didácticas y un espacio de reflexión final. Las actividades incluyeron material manipulativo, simulaciones y análisis de datos reales. Se dictaron 5 talleres en institutos de formación docente de Buenos Aires. Los 280 asistentes mostraron un alto grado de participación y evaluaron positivamente la iniciativa en cuanto a contenidos, pertinencia y aplicabilidad. Se diseñó una página web para facilitar la comunicación e interacción con la comunidad educativa. Esta iniciativa promueve el razonamiento estadístico y una mejor actitud hacia la estadística en los profesores, lo cual es imprescindible si se desea obtener egresados de la escuela media capaces de interpretar información estadística de manera fundamentada, crítica e independiente.
Educação para qualidade de vida: contribuições da educação estatística
Authors:   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, Novaes Diva
Published: March 2022

Estudos de pesquisadores de diversas áreas, em articulação com aspectos da legislação educacional brasileira, convergem para uma visão educacional afinada com qualidade de vida. Novaes (2011), estudou concepções didáticas de professores apontando que os mesmos sentem necessidade de contribuir para um melhor desempenho de seus alunos em diversos âmbitos da vida, porém, não se sentem capacitados para essa atuação. Dado que pesquisadores em Educação Estatística apontam seu potencial para formar cidadãos em múltiplos aspectos da vida, propusemos a alunos de cursos de licenciatura, estudar a integração da Estatística com sua área, em busca desta atuação de maneira transdisciplinar. Com base na legislação nacional, princípios da análise exploratória de dados, escolha do contexto, descrição das variáveis didáticas e aprendizagem favorecida com elas, estes criaram atividades que permitiram trabalhar o conteúdo específico, e simultaneamente os objetivos sociais da Educação Básica. Discutimos o desenvolvimento de uma dessas atividades e as possibilidades didáticas permitidas com esta experiência.
Engaging and motivating students with authentic statistical projects in a capstone unit
Authors:   Macquarie University, Bilgin Ayse , Newbery Glenn ,   University of Western Sydney, Petocz Peter ,   Macquarie University
Published: March 2022

Students preparing for professional statistical work can benefit from experience with real statistical problems presented by real clients and requiring them to engage with the complete problem-solving process without the usual cues of ‘textbook’ examples. We have used such an approach in a capstone unit in statistical consulting, asking students to write about their learning experiences and to reflect on the ways in which such consultations helped them (or not) to develop their professional statistical skills. A content analysis of students’ comments focusing on engagement and motivation confirmed that students had generally positive views of their experience and found the approach engaging and motivating. On this basis, we recommend utilising real problems from real clients as a means of including authentic practice in a professional statistics degree, with consequent benefits for students’ engagement and motivation.
Limites e possibilidades do blue & red - um jogo de estratégia e estatística
Authors:   Universidade Federal Fluminense, Souza Fabiano
Published: March 2022

O Ensino de Estatística, no Brasil, é orientado meio dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais com o bloco de Tratamento da Informação para o Ensino Fundamental e Análise de Dados para o Ensino Médio. Esses blocos buscam uma integração de noções básicas de Estatística Descritiva com a Análise Combinatória e Probabilidade, fazendo com que o aluno construa seu conhecimento através de situações do cotidiano. Pesquisas no campo da Educação Estatística (Batanero, Godino, 2005) apontam sobre a necessidade de uma formação em Estatística desde as séries iniciais, para que os alunos da Educação Básica sejam capazes de ler, entender, analisar e interpretar gráficos e tabela. Nesse quadro, (Gal, 2002) ressalta que devemos proporcionar uma cultura estatística aos cidadãos por conta da quantidade de informações que são apresentadas por meio de tabelas e gráficos, informações que muitas vezes não são entendidas. Nessa perspectiva elaboramos uma proposta didático-pedagógica por meio da criação, e do uso de um jogo que desenvolvesse o pensamento estatístico, fixando os conceitos apropriados pelos alunos durante suas aulas, construindo estratégias, e tomadas de decisões a cada jogada, e assim, desenvolvendo seu raciocínio lógico matemático (Borin, 2007, Lopes, 2012).
Leadership skill developments in statistics learning
Authors:   College of Business, Rikkyo University, Yamaguchi Kazunori , Watanabe Michiko ,   Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University
Published: March 2022

Rikkyo University started a new program for Statistical leadership development in 2015. Many business schools have leadership development programs and methods. The program is a combination of the business leadership program of College of Business and statistics learning. Repetitions of group works and reflections are expected to motivate students to learn statistics further .
El modelo casos y controles para una epidemia llamada matemáticas básicas
Authors:   Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Rojas Duque Luz , Cardona Toro José ,   Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira
Published: March 2022

El fracaso de los estudiantes que llegan al primer semestre de las carreras universitarias en Colombia se ha vuelto una epidemia, pues estos jóvenes presentan problemas conceptuales muy grandes en aritmética y álgebra, ocasionando con ello una enorme deserción, El presente trabajo muestra mediante un modelo epidemiológico de casos y controles la gravedad de este problema. Se tomaron para ello datos reales de las universidades de la región cafetera y se proponen al final estrategias que han demostrado reducir esta epidemia. The failure of students arriving to the first semester of university courses in Colombia has become an epidemic, as these young people have very large conceptual problems in arithmetic and algebra, thereby causing a huge desertion this paper shows by an epidemiological model the seriousness of this problem. It takes real data from universities in the coffee region and intend to end strategies that have been shown to reduce this epidemic.
Perspectives on teaching biostatistics for undergraduate medical students using team-based learning
Authors:   Federal University of São Paulo, Paes Ângela
Published: March 2022

Health professions educators are constantly challenged to find out new strategies to motivate students and keep them interested in Statistics. Recently, some medical schools have adopted a methodology called team-based learning (TBL) which combines individual and small-groups learning in an interesting way. On one hand, TBL seems to be very attractive since it encourages students to develop new skills, formulate and answer questions and create opportunities of understanding the statistical concepts through real-world problems. On the other hand, TBL methodology requires a well-planned strategy and teacher/faculty preparation. Also, students have to be prepared. Implementation of TBL is not only a teacher ́s decision but a collaborative work. The purpose of this paper is to present some examples of activities based on TBL which can be explored and discuss critically advantages and disadvantages of the method.
Métodos de evaluación en un curso de estadística
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero, Rosa Ernesto
Published: March 2022

La Estadística no es una disciplina convencional. En sus contenidos se entremezclan aspectos matemáticos, nociones filosóficas, y fuertes contenidos conceptuales, cuya combinación no se encuentra es otras ciencias. Tampoco lo es su enseñanza o transmisión, ya que dependiendo de la formación básica de los docentes y de su capacidad didáctica, puede llegar a ser una materia incomprensible, o una asignatura entretenida que se convierte en herramienta de utilidad para su aplicación en innumerables disciplinas. La evaluación de los conocimientos que se transmiten en Estadística, tiene aún un mayor nivel de complejidad, ya que se deben considerar: los contenidos del Programa, el enfoque adoptado, la profundidad con que se desarrollan sus técnicas, la disciplina en que se enmarcan y los objetivos que se plantean para la materia dentro de la Carrera. En este trabajo se analizan estas formas de evaluación de los conocimientos transmitidos.
Tree diagram of possibilities: analysis of its construction by blind students
Authors:   State University of Santa Cruz, Vita Aida , Kataoka Verônica ,   State University of Santa Cruz, da Silva Claudia ,   University São Judas Tadeu
Published: March 2022

The objective of this paper was to discuss the construction of the tree diagram of possibilities by three blind students from a high school in Brazil. This activity was part of the teaching sequence “Jefferson’s Random Walks,” which deals with probabilistic basic concepts. In the diagram, the combinations of the visits of Jefferson to five friends (placed on a 3D 5x5 board), depending on four coin tosses, were presented. Two plastic trays were used (representing the coin), foam cards of two different textures (representing each face), and toys to represent the visited friend. Students identified just four out of the six visiting paths at the board’s center. The researcher helped by identifying the missing paths, and the students registered all 16 possible paths. The importance of this study is to contribute to discussions about adaptation of materials and teaching methods for probabilistic contexts for blind students.
Formação para ensino de probabilidade e estatística no brasil
Authors:   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Bezerra Lucicleide
Published: March 2022

Esse artigo é um recorte da nossa pesquisa de mestrado que investigou a formação para o ensino da Estatística e Probabilidade, nos currículos dos cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática no Brasil. Nesse recorte apresentaremos apenas os resultados das análises realizadas nas matrizes curriculares e nos ementários. Mapeamos os cursos e realizamos uma amostra com estratos proporcionais em todas as regiões e redes de ensino, públicas e privadas. Investigamos 78 cursos, distribuídos em 48 Instituições de Ensino Superior. Coletamos matrizes curriculares, Projetos Políticos Pedagógicos, Ementários, Programas de disciplinas e aplicamos um questionário com coordenadores dos cursos. Os resultados mostram que os componentes curriculares de formação conceitual em Estatística e Probabilidade estão presentes nas matrizes curriculares dos cursos de LM de forma obrigatória, independente da região, estado, município ou rede de ensino, todos os cursos analisados têm a preocupação em ter em seu currículo prescrito o ensino conceitual de tais conteúdos.
Reflexões sobre o ensino de estatística na educação básica: lições que podem ser aprendidas a partir da feira de ciências e matemática da bahia – feciba
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Cazorla Irene , Ramos Kátia ,   Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Jesus Rogério ,   Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz
Published: March 2022

A importância do ensino de Estatística na Educação Básica fez com que o Brasil recomendasse sua inclusão no currículo (Brasil, 1997, 1998, 2002) e a comunidade acadêmica e escolar tem-se debruçado, tanto para investigar os diversos fenômenos do ensino e da aprendizagem estatística, quanto de sua institucionalização nas escolas, onde os professores utilizam a Estatística em projetos que envolvem levantamento, sistematização e apresentação em eventos da comunidade escolar. Este trabalho analisa os projetos vencedores de quatro edições da Feira de Ciências e Matemática da Bahia – Feciba e tece reflexões sobre o papel potencial do seu ensino, pois essa transcende as barreiras da disciplinaridade e do conteudismo, sistematiza o pensamento científico, possibilitando a leitura do mundo não apenas dos fenômenos da natureza, mas, especialmente, os sociais, tão presentes na sociedade, em um momento em que o Brasil discute a Base Nacional comum para o Ensino Médio e para as Licenciaturas.
Statistical text analysis on the hands of basic school students and teachers: an interdisciplinary approach
Authors:   Fluminense Federal University, Bortolossi Humberto , dos Santos José ,   Fluminense Federal University
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we present a free multiplatform software of our own development (available at http://www.uff.br/cdme/desktop/lpp/lpp-en.html) that provides an interactive environment in which Basic School students and teachers can experiment, explore and enjoy, through a very simple interface, the use of Statistics in a real-world application, namely, statistical text analysis. We also provide a set of activities to be used with the software in the classroom (these activities were successively refined from several workshops with Basic School students and teachers). Through this articulation, students can learn statistical concepts in the linguistic context and, at the same time, learn linguistic concepts practicing Statistics.
Statistical knowledge in the school curriculum: studying ways of government
Authors:   Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul/CAPES, Lopez Bello Samuel , Régnier Jean-Claude ,   Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul/CAPES
Published: March 2022

This paper approaches the statistical knowledge and its insertion in the school curriculum, by considering its interface with the fields of History, Epistemology and teaching of Statistics. The concept of numeramentality is used from an analytical perspective to study normativities based on quantification, measurement, use and record of numbers, which have guided ways of thinking and acting in contemporaneity. The methodology consists of a historical, genealogically oriented approach founded on Michel Foucault’s work, and a pragmatic understanding of language and practices as proposed by Wittgenstein. Risk is analyzed as an element that currently acts in the government of populations and individuals by becoming a curriculum component. The study also highlights the way through which the Brazilian school curriculum has produced socially desirable ways of thinking and acting in accordance with the governmental order.
Data science: is it statistics or computer science? Statistics education in the age of big data
Authors:   Macquarie University, Kyng Timothy , Bilgin Ayse ,   Macquarie University, Puang-Ngern Busayasachee ,   Macquarie University
Published: March 2022

Big Data / Data Science is a very important emerging area for statisticians. Software skills are increasingly important for statistical practitioners. Data science may be regarded by statisticians as a new name for statistical science but in industry and government the perception may be different. Recent advances in IT have enabled us to collect, store and easily access large amounts of data with modest cost. The capacity to analyse the data and use it for decision making has lagged behind. Software has been developed to filter, access and analyse data. Computer scientists and statisticians have been working separately, not jointly on this. This paper explores the implications of Big Data for statisticians’ education and aims to identify what skills are needed and software packages to use as well as the gaps between the perceptions of practitioners and academics about these issues.
Developing interactive ebooks and an analysis assistant to teach and apply modern quantitative methods
Authors:   University of Bristol, Parker Richard , Michaelides Danius ,   University of Southampton, Charlton Christopher ,   University of Bristol, Moreau2 Luc ,   University of Southampton, Browne1 William ,   University of Bristol
Published: March 2022

Whilst a large range of valuable training resources are available to those interested in learning quantitative techniques, few discuss how statistics are conducted in practice by working analysts. Advances in technology, however, have opened up the possibility of using more interactive tools to develop such resources. We have conducted interviews with quantitative researchers from a variety of disciplines, and are collaborating with them to produce interactive eBooks based on a case study each of them have chosen. These are written using our Stat-JR package which can interoperate with a variety of other statistical software, and can thus allow users to explore how a given analysis might be conducted in a range of different packages. The resulting eBooks will form a library of case studies that those newer to the field can use as a learning tool, with the aim of elucidating and demystifying the quantitative research process.
PELAKSANAAN METODE BRAINSTORMING DENGAN PENUGASAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR GEOGRAFI SISWA KELAS XI.IPS 1 SMA NEGERI 1 KUTA
Authors:   SMA Negeri 1 Kuta, Gunawan I Made
Published: March 2022

Tujuan melakukan penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar geografi siswa kelas XI.IPS 1 semester II tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 di SMA Negeri 1 Kuta dengan pelaksanaan metode brainstorming dengan penugasan. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 36 subjek penelitian. Cara yang dilakukan adalah menambah gaya pembelajaran lama yang konvensional menjadi cara pembelajaran baru yang bersifat penemuan menggunakan pelaksanaan metode brainstorming dengan penugasan. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua siklus yang masing-masing siklusnya dilakukan dengan tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Untuk mengumpulkan data hasil penelitian digunakan tes prestasi belajar dan untuk menganalisis datanya digunakan analisis deskriptif. Dilihat dari hasil evaluasi yang telah dilakukan terjadi peningkatan dari data awal dengan rata-rata 66,06 dengan ketuntasan belajar 38,89%, pada siklus I rata-ratanya meningkat menjadi 69,86 dengan ketuntasan belajar 72,22%. Pada siklus II rata-ratanya meningkat menjadi 81,14 dengan ketuntasan belajar 100%. Dengan demikian dapat disampaikan simpulan bahwa pelaksanaan metode brainstorming dengan penugasan dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar Geografi
WHY WE HAVE UNEMPLOYMENT?
Authors:   Swiss Technology Association, Electronics Group, Switzerland, Bajenescu Titu-Marius I.
Published: March 2022

The article examines the issue of unemployment, which affects the quality of life in all countries, regardless of their level of development. In some countries, many people have to earn a living through long hours of hard and tiring physical work, perhaps even through dangerous and poorly paid work. Until recently, many people in other countries were sure that once they joined a large company or a state-owned enterprise, they would have a job until retirement. Today, however, it seems that there are too few companies or corporations that can provide a convenient and safe job for employees. The causes of the problem, its magnitude for different social categories, the magnitude and some ways of combating the phenomenon of unemployment are elucidated.
Efficacy in the treatment of depressive disorders
Authors: Aquino Taysa Leite de , Liborio Jaiany Rodrigues , Bezerra Ana Luiza Menezes Santana , Cavalcante Giovana Macêdo Egídio , Duarte Dara Fernanda Brito , Martin Ana Luíza de Aguiar Rocha , Paula Juliane dos Anjos de , Rolim Neto Modesto Leite
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Depression, being the most disabling disease in the world and presenting high morbidity and mortality, requires an effective treatment to ensure the maintenance of the patients' quality of life. About a third of patients do not respond adequately to antidepressant treatment. New pharmacological therapies are being approached in order to reduce the unfavorable outcomes resulting from this pathology.
Objective
To develop a systematic review of the literature on the new possibilities of pharmacological treatments for depression in the last four years.
Method
A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA protocol (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis). We have included studies on the effectiveness of new pharmacological therapies in patients with major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression.
Results
In the treatment of the major depressive disorder (MDD), the use of brexpiprazole 1 mg/day in addition to the usual antidepressant treatment (ADT) resulted in significant improvement in the main symptoms. Already referring to treatments for treatment-resistant depression (TRD): nasal esketamine proved beneficial in the short term, intravenous (IV) ketamine also appears as an effective therapy.
Conclusion
The use of brexpiprazole 1 mg/day associated with an antidepressant, and the use of lactobacilli represent a new option for those with MDD. In addition, both ketamine, riluzole, and cariprazine appear as new hopes for those who have not yet achieved remission of the depressive disorder with the use of more than two antidepressants
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy. Are we doing the better for all patients?
Authors: Miranda Luiz Eduardo Correia , Lima Diego Laurentino , Penha Marcel Rolland Ciro da , Miranda Ana Clara , Eufrânio Matheus Stillner
Published: March 2022

Artigo de opinião não apresenta resumo
Coexistence of reconciliation and mediation of judicial institutions in civil proceedings
Authors: Kobaladze Lika
Published: March 2022

The main purpose of the settlement is to settle the civil proceedings. However, it is also worth noting the optional goals that are very important: unloading court cases from a busy schedule, avoiding lengthy trials, increasing the role of the court, reducing litigation costs, resolving conflict, and restoring justice. The urgency of arguing for a settlement as a process is determined by the fact that it is an alternative means of resolving a dispute (more precisely, terminating a civil case).
Constitutional subject and its identity
Authors: Gegenava Dimitry , Schlink Bernhard , Schlink Bernhard
Published: March 2022

The German experience of the Constitution and, moreover, of the nation's pre-eminent state echoes not only the experience of European states but also of Europe itself. Today, Europe, as long as it shares history and cultural heritage, has neither a nation nor a constitution. The EU is an institutional entity, with a powerful executive and a strong judiciary. It gives Europeans most of what the state gives them: freedom of movement and freedom of business without borders and customs, legal protection, and also, a common currency. Through regulations, directives and its own court decisions, it affects all aspects of European life. If one day the EU were to adopt a constitution and become a nation-state, it would grow into state-like forms that have evolved since 1957 and continue to evolve to this day. The constitutional subject will be the people, in similar forms to the United States; Like Staatsvolk.
Faith, Mind and University - Opening and Thinking
Authors: Vardidze Vazha
Published: March 2022

Your majesty, splendor and majesty,
Dear Ladies and Gentlemen!
What should an administrative code and an administrative procedure code contain?
Authors:   Moldova State University, Ţurcan Liliana
Published: March 2022

The administrative code of the Republic of Moldova was approved by the Parliament on July 19, 2018 (entered into force on April 1, 2019). One year later, on July 3, 2019, by the Government Emergency Ordinance, no. 57/2019, the Administrative Code of Romania was approved, which entered into force on the date of publication in the Official Gazette of Romania. However, the Administrative Codes of Romania and the Republic of Moldova, although with identical titles, have a different content or object of regulation and are different in their structure. The opinions on administrative codification set out in the Romanian and Moldovan literature are examined in this article. In particular, the issue of the content (object of regulation) of the Administrative Code and the Code of Administrative Procedure is investigated. The article also addresses issues such as the issue of Code priority, the issue of distinguishing between substantial administrative law and the law of administrative procedure. In the author’s opinion, in the administrative field, the object and perimeter of a code can be established starting from the determination of the difference between the material / substantial administrative law and the law of the administrative procedure
Procedural aspects of the termination of prosecution
Authors:   Ștefan cel Mare Police Academy, Republic of Moldova, Osoianu Tudor , Ostavciuc Dinu ,   Ștefan cel Mare Police Academy, Republic of Moldova
Published: March 2022

This article is dedicated to the research of the subject regarding the completion of the criminal investigation. This stage is one of major importance in the criminal process, because once the criminal investigation body has administered the evidence regarding the deed and the person, considering them useful, relevant and conclusive, it decides the completion of criminal investigation. This stage is not a formal one, but presupposes the analysis of the evidence, the legality of obtaining it, the observance of the rights of the parties in the process and other activities, which, until the end, reach the purpose of the criminal investigation. The termination of the criminal investigation enhances the activity of the criminal investigation body and at this stage it is decided whether or not to send the criminal case to the court. Starting from the premise that no law is perfect, from the analysis performed on this subject we find that the criminal procedural legislation sometimes does not correspond to the procedural requirements, as it is necessary to amend and supplement some criminal procedural rules. Last but not least, an important topic is the presentation of the materials of the criminal case to the parties in the process. At this stage it is necessary to respect the rights of the parties according to the free access to justice by virtue of art. 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Thus, in order to explain the legal procedure, the authors come up with recommendations and proposals for the respective stage and clarify the action of the criminal investigation body and the prosecutor, so as to comply with the European quality standard.
Corruption and organized crime. premises and consequences, factors of global influence
Authors:   Free International University of Moldova, Cazacu Adriana
Published: March 2022

The presence of large-scale illegal business in the economies of some countries can have a corrupting influence on the governments of these states, especially on law enforcement and border control. It is known that illegal business directly or indirectly associated with acts of corruption directly involves the interaction between a public agent and a representative of the private sector. Thus, through coupling/association, corrupt public agents and illegal businesses can generate illicit enrichment, tolerance and non-sanctioning of criminal acts. Bribery in relation to illegal business contributes to illicit capital raising, and through several corrupt arrangements corrupt officials and organized criminal groups often send funds across the country’s borders. Therefore, three criminal phenomena - organized crime, corruption and money laundering - are closely linked. However, these crimes can also occur individually. In many cases, one of these illegal acts inevitably leads to another, thus generating vicious circles, interactions or intercalations between organized crime and money laundering, between organized crime and corruption, between corruption and money laundering, and even between all three.
Particularities of the special investigation measure „visual tracking”
Authors:   Ștefan cel Mare Police Academy, Republic of Moldova, Cicala Alexandru
Published: March 2022

In our scientific approach, we intend to analyze the content of the special investigation measure “Visual Tracking” through the prism of the legislation of the Republic of Moldova, taking into account the opinions of researchers in the field in the country and abroad. The visual investigation is carried out directly by the investigation officers of the profile or specialized subdivisions, within a criminal trial, as well as outside it only with the authorization of the prosecutor and for the purpose of gathering information about persons, means of transport, real estate or other objects. This measure is one of the most widespread and effective ways of solving the tasks of the special investigation activity, the essence of which consists in the visual, secret pursuit of persons of operational interest, in order to obtain and confirm information, which promotes the prevention or detection of crimes, searching of persons, who are hiding from criminal prosecution and trial, including convicts, who are evading punishment, establishing the whereabouts of missing persons without a trace and establishing the unexplained circumstances in the criminal proceedings.