bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Twist1 as a target for prevention of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Tingzeng , Rho Okkyung , Eguiarte‐Solomon Fernando , DiGiovanni John
Published: November 2022

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) represents an important clinical problem requiring novel approaches for both prevention and treatment. The transcription factor, Twist‐related protein 1 (Twist1), has been identified as having a key mechanistic role in the development and progression of cSCC. Studies in relevant mouse models of cSCC have shown that Twist1 regulates epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness driving progression and metastasis of cSCC. In addition, further research has shown that Twist1 regulates the balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation and therefore impacts earlier stages of cSCC development. Through use of keratinocyte specific Twist1 knockout models, a role for this gene in keratinocyte stem cell homeostasis has been revealed. As a transcription factor, Twist1 regulates a large number of genes both in a positive, as well as a negative manner across several interdependent pathways. Studies in keratinocyte specific knockout models have shown that Twist1 upregulates the expression of genes involved in proliferation, stemness, and EMT while downregulating the expression of genes associated with differentiation. Furthermore, a number of compounds, including naturally occurring compounds, have been identified that target Twist1 and can block its effects in cancer cells and in keratinocytes in vivo. Collectively, the current understanding of Twist1 function in cSCC development and progression suggests that it represents a potential target for prevention and treatment of cSCC.
Causative variants linked with limb girdle muscular dystrophy in an Iranian population: 6 novel variants
Authors: Mianesaz Hamidreza , Ghalamkari Safoura , Salehi Mansoor , Behnam Mahdiyeh , Hosseinzadeh Majid , Basiri Keivan , Ghasemi Majid , Sedghi Maryam , Ansari Behnaz
Published: November 2022

Background

Limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is a non‐syndromic muscular dystrophy caused by variations in the genes involved in muscle structure, function and repair. The heterogeneity in the severity, progression, age of onset, and causative genes makes next‐generation sequencing (NGS) a necessary approach for the proper diagnosis of LGMD.

Methods

In this article, 26 Iranian patients with LGMD criteria were diagnosed with disease variants in the genes encoding calpain3, dysferlin, sarcoglycans and Laminin α‐2. Patients were referred to the hospital with variable distribution of muscle wasting and progressive weakness in the body. The symptoms along with biochemical and EMG tests were suggestive of LGMD; thus the genomic DNA of patients were investigated by whole‐exome sequencing including flanking intronic regions. The target genes were explored for the disease‐causing variants. Moreover, the consequence of the amino acid alterations on proteins' secondary structure and function was investigated for a better understanding of the pathogenicity of variants. Variants were sorted based on the genomic region, type and clinical significance.

Results

In a comprehensive investigation of previous clinical records, 6 variations were determined as novel, including c.1354–2 A > T and c.3169_3172dupCGGC in DYSF, c.568 G > T in SGCD, c.7243 C > T, c.8662_8663 insT and c. 4397G > C in LAMA2. Some of the detected variants were located in functional domains and/or near to the post‐translational modification sites, altering or removing highly conserved regions of amino acid sequence.
Feasibility of transient nuclear Overhauser effect imaging in brain at 7 T
Authors: Kumar Dushyant , Benyard Blake , Soni Narayan Datt , Swain Anshuman , Wilson Neil , Reddy Ravinder
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) quantification from the steady‐state NOE imaging suffers from multiple confounding non‐NOE‐specific sources, including direct saturation, magnetization transfer, and relevant chemical exchange species, and is affected by B0 and B1+ inhomogeneities. The B0‐dependent and B1+‐dependent data needed for deconvolving these confounding effects would increase the scan time substantially, leading to other issues such as patient tolerability. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of brain lipid mapping using an easily implementable transient NOE (tNOE) approach.

Methods

This 7T study used a frequency‐selective inversion pulse at a range of frequency offsets between 1.0 and 5.0 parts per million (ppm) and −5.0 and −1.0 ppm relative to bulk water peak. This was followed by a fixed/variable mixing time and then a single‐shot 2D turbo FLASH readout. The feasibility of tNOE measurements is demonstrated on bovine serum albumin phantoms and healthy human brains.

Results

The tNOE measurements from bovine serum albumin phantoms were found to be independent of physiological pH variations. Both bovine serum albumin phantoms and human brains showed broad tNOE contributions centered at approximately −3.5 ppm relative to water peak, with presumably aliphatic moieties in lipids and proteins being the dominant contributors. Less prominent tNOE contributions of approximately +2.5 ppm relative to water, presumably from aromatic moieties, were also detected. These aromatic signals were free from any CEST signals.

Conclusion

In this study, we have demonstrated the feasibility of tNOE in human brain at 7 T. This method is more scan‐time efficient than steady‐state NOE and provides NOE measurement with minimal confounders.
Evaluation of High-Protein Distillers Dried Grains with Yeast as a Protein Source in Practical Diets for Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei
Authors: Nazeer Sidra , Tilton Scott , Davis D. Allen
Published: November 2022

Increasing worldwide competition and shifts in demand, technological advancements, and innovative findings out of research are triggering the ingredient manufacturing industry to include modified processing technologies and novel ingredients. New technologies have been introduced by the ethanol industry to improve the efficiency of ethanol production, resulting in new types of distillers dried grains with different nutrient profiles. One of the new processing techniques removes fibrous corn components before fermentation and removes the soluble fraction after fermentation to produce a high-protein distillers grain with yeast (HP50Y with 49% protein and HP40Y with 40% protein). The current study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of HP50Y and HP40Y as a replacement for corn protein concentrate (CPC) in diets of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. In the first diet series, graded levels of HP50Y (0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0%) were used to replace CPC (13.1, 10.0, 6.6, 3.5, and 0.2%). In the second diet series, graded levels of HP40Y (5.0, 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0%) were used to replace CPC (10.5, 8.0, 5.5, and 2.5%). These diets were evaluated over a 40-d growth trial (initial weight = 0.54 ± 0.01 g; n = 4). At the conclusion, no significant differences were detected in growth, feed conversion ratio, survival, and food consumption of Pacific white shrimp (P-value >0.05). However, results from regression analysis revealed that there was a significant increase in percent weight gain of Pacific white shrimp as the percent inclusion level of HP50Y and HP40Y increased in the shrimp diets. Results indicate that HP50Y and HP40Y are both good protein sources and can be used up to a 20% inclusion level in the diets of Pacific white shrimp.
Effect of digital detox program on electronic screen syndrome among preparatory school students
Authors: Mohamed Sayeda Mohamed , Abdallah Lamiaa Saad , Ali Fatma Nagy Kotb
Published: November 2022

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine the digital detox programme's impact on the electronic screen syndrome among preparatory school students.

Design

A quasi‐experimental pre‐ and posttest group was used.

Methods

Two preparatory governmental schools. Sample: purposive sample consists of 105 students. Tools: Two tools used for data collection: Student's datasheet and Electronic Screen Addiction Scale. The data collection period took six months, from September 2021 to February 2022.

Results

The high rate of screen addiction among students dropped to 14.3% in the posttest compared with 20.0% in the pre‐test. Moreover, the students' proportion with moderate screen addiction dropped from 65.7% on the pre‐test to 43.8% on the posttest. Furthermore, screen addiction students with lower levels were about 41.9% in the posttest and 14.3% in the pre‐test.

Conclusions

There was a highly statistically significant difference between school students' total electronic screen scores in the pre‐ and posttest. A preventive care programme is recommended for high school children and helps raise screen addiction's awareness and its negative consequences.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Electronic consultation use by advanced practice nurses in older adult care—A descriptive study of service utilization data
Authors: Hakimjavadi Ramtin , Karunananthan Sathya , Levi Cheryl , LeBlanc Kimberly , Guglani Sheena , Helmer‐Smith Mary , Keely Erin , Liddy Clare
Published: November 2022

Aims and Objectives

To describe characteristics of service utilization by advanced practice nurses (APNs) employing an electronic consultation (eConsult) service in their care for older adults.

Background

Canada's aging population is projected to place unprecedented demands on the healthcare system. APNs, which include clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) and nurse practitioners (NPs), are nurses with advanced knowledge who can independently provide age‐appropriate care. eConsult is a secure web‐based platform enabling asynchronous, provider‐to‐provider communication. APNs can send and receive eConsults to address patient‐specific concerns.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of eConsult utilization and user survey data for cases completed in 2019, reported in line with the STROBE guidelines. Eligible eConsults included those that had APN involvement (as a referrer or responder) and were concerning an older patient (≥65 years). Descriptive statistics were used to analyse service utilization and survey response data.

Results

Of 430 eligible eConsults, 421 (97.9%) were initiated by NPs and the rest by physicians. 23 (5.3%) were received by a CNS, of which 14 (3.3%) involved an NP‐to‐CNS exchange. Median specialist response interval was 0.9 days. 53% of eConsults was for dermatology, haematology, cardiology, gastroenterology and endocrinology. 73% of eConsults avoided a face‐to‐face referral after the consultation. In 90% of eConsults, APNs rated the service as helpful and/or educational.

Conclusions

Through eConsult, APNs can collaborate with each other and physicians to access and provide a breadth of advice facilitating timely specialist‐informed care for older patients, thus helping to alleviate some of the demands placed on the healthcare system.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

There is an opportunity for APNs to further adopt eConsult into their clinical practice, and this can, in turn, support the integration of the APN role in the health workforce.

Patient or Public Contribution

Current APN eConsult users were involved in the study design and interpretation of results.
On mixed finite element approximations of shape gradients in shape optimization with the Navier–Stokes equation
Authors: Li Jiajie , Zhu Shengfeng , Shen Xiaoqin
Published: November 2022

For shape optimization of fluid flows governed by the Navier–Stokes equation, we investigate effectiveness of shape gradient algorithms by analyzing convergence and accuracy of mixed finite element approximations to both the distributed and boundary types of shape gradients. We present convergence analysis with a priori error estimates for the two approximate shape gradients. The theoretical analysis shows that the distributed formulation has superconvergence property. Numerical results with comparisons are presented to verify theory and show that the shape gradient algorithm based on the distributed formulation is highly effective and robust for shape optimization.
A non‐overlapping domain decomposition dual reciprocity method for solving the forward–backward heat equation in two‐dimension
Authors: Shanazari Kamal , Banei Siamak
Published: November 2022

We apply a boundary element dual reciprocity method (DRBEM) to the numerical solution of the forward–backward heat equation in a two‐dimensional case. The method is employed for the spatial variable via the fundamental solution of the Laplace equation and the Crank–Nicolson finite difference scheme is utilized to treat the time variable. The physical domain is divided into two non‐overlapping subdomains resulting in two standard forward and backward parabolic equations. The subproblems are then treated by the underlying method assuming a virtual boundary in the interface and starting with an initial approximate solution on this boundary followed by updating the solution by an iterative procedure. In addition, we show that the time discrete scheme is unconditionally stable and convergent using the energy method. Furthermore, some computational aspects will be suggested to efficiently deal with the formulation of the proposed method. Finally, two forward–backward problems, for which the exact solution is available, will be numerically solved for two different domains to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
CXCL16 inhibits epithelial regeneration and promotes fibrosis during the progression of radiation enteritis
Authors: Cui Yanmei , Wu Haiyong , Liu Zhihang , Ma Tenghui , Liang Wenfeng , Zeng Qingzhi , Chen Daici , Qin Qiyuan , Huang Binjie , Wang Michael Hu , Huang Xiaoyan , He Yanjiong , Kuang Yingyi , Sugimoto Shinya , Sato Toshiro , Wang Lei
Published: November 2022

Radiation enteritis (RE) is a prevalent complication of radiotherapy for pelvic malignant tumors, characterized by severe intestinal epithelial destruction and progressive submucosal fibrosis. However, little is known about the pathogenesis of this disease, and so far, there is no specific targeted therapy. Here, we report that CXCL16 is upregulated in the injured intestinal tissues of RE patients and in a mouse model. Genetic deletion of Cxcl16 mitigates fibrosis and promotes intestinal stem cell‐mediated epithelial regeneration after radiation injury in mice. Mechanistically, CXCL16 functions on myofibroblasts through its receptor CXCR6 and activates JAK3/STAT3 signaling to promote fibrosis and, at the same time, to transcriptionally modulate the levels of BMP4 and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in myofibroblasts. Moreover, we find that CXCL16 and CXCR6 auto‐ and cross‐regulate themselves in positive feedback loops. Treatment with CXCL16 neutralizing monoclonal antibody attenuates fibrosis and improves the epithelial repair in RE mouse model. Our findings emphasize the important role of CXCL16 in the progression of RE and suggest that CXCL16 signaling could be a potential therapeutic target for RE. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Development of high‐performance biopolymer nanocomposites derived from carboxymethyl chitosan/boehmite via green synthesis
Authors: Meera K. , Ramesan Manammel Thankappan
Published: November 2022

In this work, biopolymer nanocomposites derived from carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and boehmite were prepared via an environmentally friendly technique and their structural, morphological, thermal, electrical, dielectric, and mechanical properties were investigated. The successful fabrication of carboxymethyl chitosan/boehmite nanocomposites was evident from the appearance of characteristic peaks of boehmite in FTIR and alteration in the morphology as revealed by optical and SEM micrographs. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) were increased as the filler content increased. The enhanced thermal stability of nanocomposites was clear from thermogravimetric results. The incorporation of boehmite nanoparticles into CMCS improved the conductivity to a semiconducting range. The dielectric constant of CMCS/boehmite nanocomposites was significantly higher compared to pure CMCS. The influence of temperature on AC conductivity, activation energy, dielectric constant and loss tangent were analyzed. Complex impedance analysis carried out by Nyquist plots and the bulk resistance showed a decreasing trend with temperature, which indicated enhanced conductivity with temperature. Tensile strength and hardness were observed to be increased with boehmite inclusion, whereas elongation at break is reduced. As a result, eco‐friendly CMCS/boehmite biopolymer nanocomposites with good thermal, mechanical, electric, and dielectric properties may be a potential green alternative for flexible electronic, charge storage, and other electrochemical devices.
Preparation, characterization and application of gamma irradiated some water soluble polymers/natural rubber latex blends
Authors: Abou El Fadl Faten Ismail , Mohamed Maysa A. , Magida Mamdouh M. , Ibrahim Sayeda M.
Published: November 2022

This work mainly depends on the assumption or hypothesis which exploits the tendency of natural rubber latex (NRL) to cross‐link under irradiation in the presence of Alginate and CMC biopolymer and form (ALG/NRL and CMC/NRL) films containing polar/charged functional groups which offer them hydrophilicity, and consequently water absorption capacity. CMC/NRL and ALG/NRL (v/v) blend films prepared first by latex compounding followed by casting technique. The prepared ALG/NRL and CMC/NRL blend films characterized then, by various techniques such as IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Equilibrium swelling properties and gel percent GF% of prepared films also studied in details. GF% studies revealed that the GF% increased with increasing both NRL content and irradiation dose for both ALG/NRL and CMC/NRL. Thermal analysis shows the increased thermal stability of the irradiated samples due cross‐linking effect of NRL. The improved gel content percentage obtained paved the way for the application of various films in the removal of toxic dyes such as acidic, direct, and basic dyes from waste water where in this study, the films exhibited high affinity toward basic blue dye.
The characteristics of foreign bodies aspirated by children across different continents: A comparative review
Authors: Parvar Seyedeh Yasamin , Sarasyabi Mohammad Sharifi , Moslehi Mohammad Ashkan , Priftis Kostas N. , Cutrera Renato , Chen Meng , Lili Zhong , Gonuguntla Hari K. , Joseph Tinku , Alajmi Mohsen , Alshammari Salman , Singh Varinder , Parakh Ankit , Indawati Wahyuni , Triasih Rina , Fasseeh Nader
Published: November 2022

Background

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common issue in pediatric emergencies, with regional variations. Various cultures and foods, parents' and physicians' inadequate experience, and lack of bronchoscopy equipment are some attributable factors in the regional variation of FBA.

Aim

To more accurately represent the demographic characteristics of aspirated foreign bodies (FBs) across various continents, this review attempted to provide organized information based on the reviewed articles.

Methodology

A search was conducted in PubMed/PubMed Central, EMBASE, and google scholar. From the 36 included articles, information on age, gender, bronchoscopy type, type of FB, location, history of choking, and time elapsed between aspiration and admission were extracted.

Results

A total of 14,469 cases were evaluated. According to the findings, children under two accounted for more than 75% of FBAs. Nuts and seeds were the most common FBs in most countries, whereas plastic and metal objects had higher rates in Brazil, and calcified objects were more prevalent in Thailand. The right bronchus was the most frequent location, and rigid bronchoscopy was the most often utilized type of bronchoscope. In addition, a significant percentage of patients were referred to the emergency rooms in the first 12−24 h following the aspiration incident. Moreover, Asian patients reported more choking history, and Europeans had fewer witnesses of FBA.

Conclusions

There is a lack of standardized reporting systems and organized guidelines in pediatric FBA. To select the ideal time for endoscopies and create educational programs, a collaboration between experienced researchers, pediatric pulmonologists, radiologists, and otolaryngologists is required.
Home exercises for neck pain: A Delphi survey
Authors: Bezerra Laylla Marjorye Rebouças , Melo Thania Maion de Souza , Gomes Vanessa Maria da Silva Alves , Pas Ray Cosme da , Alves Laura Izabel do Nascimento , Salemi Marianna de Melo , Silva Iditácylla Reis , Tenório Angélica da Silva , Siqueira Gisela Rocha de
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The current context of the COVID‐19 pandemic has demonstrated the need for home exercise strategies for the relief of neck pain, which, in recent times, has increased. However, there is a gap regarding home exercises that are aimed at reducing neck pain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop, validate and culturally adapt a home exercise protocol for neck pain.

Methods

This was an observational study conducted in three stages: (1) Developing an online search of databases for articles on neck pain exercises. (2) Validating a panel of 12 physical therapists, using the Delphi technique, and (3) Cultural adaptation, through face‐to‐face assessment with individuals aged 18–30 years with neck pain (n = 15). This resulted in the production of a final version of the protocol. Consensus on the protocol items (using the five‐point Likert scale) was considered when the percent agreement was equal to or greater than 75%. Individuals were also asked about pain intensity during the last week before and after performing the protocol.

Results

A protocol was developed with the principles of neck and scapular stabilization and upper limb movements, for a period of 4 weeks. Nine physical therapists completed two rounds online, and all items in the second version of the protocol presented an agreement of over 75%. The protocol was culturally adapted by the target population, in which 73% of individuals presented pain reduction with a minimally clinically important difference.

Conclusion

A 4‐week home exercise protocol was created based on the best evidence in the literature, was validated by physical therapists and adapted for the population with neck pain. It proved to be an understandable, useful, practical and convenient tool in the treatment of this disorder and demonstrated an improvement in neck pain.

ClinicalTrials.gov

(NCT04187001).
Single‐cell atlas of epithelial and stromal cell heterogeneity by lobe and strain in the mouse prostate
Authors: Graham Mindy K. , Chikarmane Roshan , Wang Rulin , Vaghasia Ajay , Gupta Anuj , Zheng Qizhi , Wodu Bulouere , Pan Xin , Castagna Nicole , Liu Jianyong , Meyers Jennifer , Skaist Alyza , Wheelan Sarah , Simons Brian W. , Bieberich Charles , Nelson William G. , DeWeese Theodore L. , De Marzo Angelo M. , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan
Published: November 2022

Background

Evaluating the complex interplay of cell types in the tissue microenvironment is critical to understanding the origin and progression of diseases in the prostate and potential opportunities for intervention. Mouse models are an essential tool to investigate the molecular and cell‐type‐specific contributions of prostate disease at an organismal level. While there are well‐documented differences in the extent, timing, and nature of disease development in various genetically engineered and exposure‐based mouse models in different mouse strains and prostate lobes within each mouse strain, the underlying molecular phenotypic differences in cell types across mouse strains and prostate lobes are incompletely understood.

Methods

In this study, we used single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) methods to assess the single‐cell transcriptomes of 6‐month‐old mouse prostates from two commonly used mouse strains, friend virus B/NIH jackson (FVB/NJ) (N = 2) and C57BL/6J (N = 3). For each mouse, the lobes of the prostate were dissected (anterior, dorsal, lateral, and ventral), and individual scRNA‐seq libraries were generated. In situ and pathological analyses were used to explore the spatial and anatomical distributions of novel cell types and molecular markers defining these cell types.

Results

Data dimensionality reduction and clustering analysis of scRNA‐seq data revealed that basal and luminal cells possessed strain‐specific transcriptomic differences, with luminal cells also displaying marked lobe‐specific differences. Gene set enrichment analysis comparing luminal cells by strain showed enrichment of proto‐Oncogene targets in FVB/NJ mice. Additionally, three rare populations of epithelial cells clustered independently of strain and lobe: one population of luminal cells expressing Foxi1 and components of the vacuolar ATPase proton pump (Atp6v0d2 and Atp6v1g3), another population expressing Psca and other stem cell‐associated genes (Ly6a/Sca‐1, Tacstd2/Trop‐2), and a neuroendocrine population expressing Chga, Chgb, and Syp. In contrast, stromal cell clusters, including fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, and immune cell types, were conserved across strain and lobe, clustering largely by cell type and not by strain or lobe. One notable exception to this was the identification of two distinct fibroblast populations that we term subglandular fibroblasts and interstitial fibroblasts based on their strikingly distinct spatial distribution in the mouse prostate.

Conclusions

Altogether, these data provide a practical reference of the transcriptional profiles of mouse prostate from two commonly used mouse strains and across all four prostate lobes.
DNA‐Tetrahedra Corona‐Modified Hydrogel Microcapsules: “Smart” ATP‐ or microRNA‐Responsive Drug Carriers
Authors: Fischer Amit , Zhang Pu , Ouyang Yu , Sohn Yang Sung , Karmi Ola , Nechushtai Rachel , Pikarsky Eli , Willner Itamar
Published: November 2022

The assembly of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐responsive and miRNA‐responsive DNA tetrahedra‐functionalized carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel microcapsules is presented. The microcapsules are loaded with the doxorubicin‐dextran drug or with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a drug model. Selective unlocking of the respective microcapsules and the release of the loads in the presence of ATP or miRNA‐141 are demonstrated. Functionalization of the hydrogel microcapsules a with corona of DNA tetrahedra nanostructures yields microcarriers that revealed superior permeation into cells. This is demonstrated by the effective permeation of the DNA tetrahedra‐functionalized microcapsules into MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells, as compared to epithelial MCF‐10A nonmalignant breast cells. The superior permeation of the tetrahedra‐functionalized microcapsules into MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells, as compared to analog control hydrogel microcapsules modified with a corona of nucleic acid duplexes. The effective permeation of the stimuli‐responsive, drug‐loaded, DNA tetrahedra‐modified microcapsules yields drug carriers of superior and selective cytotoxicity toward cancer cells.
Peptidyl Virus‐Like Nanovesicles as Reconfigurable “Trojan Horse” for Targeted siRNA Delivery and Synergistic Inhibition of Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Zixuan , Hao Dongzhao , Wang Yuefei , Zhao Jinwu , Zhang Jiaxing , Rong Xi , Zhang Jiaojiao , Min Jiwei , Qi Wei , Su Rongxin , He Mingxia
Published: November 2022

The self‐assembly of peptidyl virus‐like nanovesicles (pVLNs) composed of highly ordered peptide bilayer membranes that encapsulate the small interfering RNA (siRNA) is reported. The targeting and enzyme‐responsive sequences on the bilayer's surface allow the pVLNs to enter cancer cells with high efficiency and control the release of genetic drugs in response to the subcellular environment. By transforming its structure in response to the highly expressed enzyme matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP‐7) in cancer cells, it helps the siRNA escape from the lysosomes, resulting in a final silencing efficiency of 92%. Moreover, the pVLNs can serve as reconfigurable “Trojan horse” by transforming into membranes triggered by the MMP‐7 and disrupting the cytoplasmic structure, thereby achieving synergistic anticancer effects and 96% cancer cell mortality with little damage to normal cells. The pVLNs benefit from their biocompatibility, targeting, and enzyme responsiveness, making them a promising platform for gene therapy and anticancer therapy.
Isotropic Amorphous Protective Layer with Uniform Interfacial Zincophobicity for Stable Zinc Anode
Authors: Li Wenbin , Zhang Qi , Yang Zefang , Ji Huimin , Wu Tingqing , Wang Hao , Cai Zhiwen , Xie Chunlin , Li Yixin , Wang Haiyan
Published: November 2022

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have drawn the attention of numerous researchers owing to their high safety and cost‐effectiveness. However, the dendrite growth and side reactions of the zinc (Zn) anodes limit their further practical applications. Herein, a porous amorphous silicon nitride protective layer with high zincophobicity is constructed on the Zn anode surface, which can guide the uniform stripping/plating of Zn2+ underneath the protective layer through its isotropic Zn affinity to alleviate the growth of dendrites and by‐products. As a result, the amorphous silicon nitride‐protected Zn anode can maintain a stable Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.8% and low voltage hysteresis for 710 cycles in the half cell. The full cell with the as‐prepared Zn anode can deliver excellent electrochemical performances (89.0% capacity retention and 144.4 mAh g−1 discharge capacity after 1000 cycles at 4 A g−1). This work reveals the key role of uniform metal affinity induced by the amorphous materials in the interface modification of metal anodes, which is instructive for the design of stable metal anodes.
Lewis Acid–Base Adducts for Efficient and Stable Cesium‐Based Lead Iodide‐Rich Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lu Hui , Li Tong , Ma Simin , Xue Xiaoyang , Wen Qian , Feng Yajuan , Zhang Xu , Zhang Lu , Wu Zhiqiang , Wang Kang , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: November 2022

All‐inorganic cesium‐lead‐iodide (CsPbI3Br3−x (2 < x < 3)) perovskite presents preeminent photovoltaic performance and chemical stability. Unfortunately, this kind of material suffers from phase transition to a nonperovskite phase under oxidative chemical stresses. Herein, the introduction of a low concentration of Lewis acid–base adducts (LABAs) is reported to synergistically reduce defect density, optimize interfacial energy alignment, and improve device stability of CsPbI2.75Br0.24Cl0.01 (CsPbTh3) solar cells. Both theoretical simulations and experimental measurements reveal that the noncoordinating anions, PF6−, as a Lewis base can more effectively bind with undercoordinated Pb2+ to passivate iodide vacancy defects than the BF4− and absorbed I−, and thus the point defects are well suppressed. In addition, N‐propyl‐methyl piperidinium (NPMP+) is selected to assemble with PF6− in CsPbTh3 film. The NPMP+ can regulate the crystal growth and finally homogenize the grain size and decrease the trap density. Consequently, the LABAs strategy can improve the power conversion efficiency of CsPbTh3 solar cells to 19.02% under 1‐sun illumination (100 mW cm−2). Fortunately, the NPMP+ and PF6−‐treated CsPbTh3 film shows great phase stability after storage in ambient air for 250 days, and the power conversion efficiency of corresponding solar cells is almost 76% of the initial value after 60 days aging under ambient conditions.
Effects of Polydextrose on Rheological and Fermentation Properties of Frozen Dough and Quality of Chinese Steamed Bread
Authors: Xie Xinhua , Li Jiahui , Zhu Hongshuai , Zhang Bobo , Liang Dan , Cheng Lilin , Hao Mingyuan , Guo Fangjie
Published: November 2022

This study investigates the effects of polydextrose on the rheological and fermentation properties of frozen dough and the quality of Chinese steamed bread (CSB). Dough is frozen by spiral tunnel freezing and stored at −18 °C for 49 days, and CSB is produced using the frozen dough. Results show that the gas producing capacity, gas holding capacity, and viscoelasticity of the frozen dough decrease as the frozen storage time progresses. However, these properties improve in the frozen dough added with polydextrose. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis shows that the melting enthalpy (ΔHm) of the frozen dough enhanced after storage. By contrast, the ΔHm of the frozen dough added with polydextrose decreases after storage, indicating high water holding capacity and homogeneous, small ice crystal structure of the frozen dough. Moreover, the addition of polydextrose reduces the hardness and porosity of CSB, which improves the quality of the bread. Thus, adding polydextrose can improve the rheological and fermentation properties of frozen dough and the quality of CSB.
Review of Studies on Energy‐Efficient Train Operation in High‐Speed Railways
Authors: Zhu Chengkun , Lu Jingtao , Li Xin
Published: November 2022

Energy‐efficient train operation (EETO) in high‐speed railways (HSRs) is an extra cost‐effective and flexible means to promote energy‐saving. This paper first examines the energy consumption sources and energy‐saving measures of high‐speed trains (HSTs). Then presents the EETO in HSRs, including three categories: energy‐efficient train control, energy‐efficient train timetabling, and EETO considering train timetabling and driving strategy. Next, the current research status and progress on three aspects of EETO in HSRs, namely optimization algorithm, constraint condition, and oriented scenario, are sorted out. Finally, the research on EETO in HSRs has prospected and proposed directions that can study in depth in the future. By summarizing and reviewing the research on EETO in HSRs, it is hoped to furnish a reference for the railway sector to enhance quality, efficiency, and green, low‐carbon development. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Introduction
Authors: Gailhofer Peter , Krebs David , Proelss Alexander , Verheyen Roda , Schmalenbach Kirsten
Published: November 2022

To date, international and transboundary liability has been an underutilised tool for international environmental protection. This book seeks to address this shortcoming by exploring what is needed in terms of legislative action and by identifying options for judicial discretion. This has been done to provide a legal contribution that furthers the development of an effective international and transnational environmental liability law regime. To this end, the book takes a broad view of the law of corporate liability for transboundary environmental damage.
The Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
Authors: Gailhofer Peter
Published: November 2022

The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (hereafter: Cartagena Protocol) was adopted on 29 January 2000 as a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity and entered into force on 11 September 2003. The Cartagena Protocol pursues the goal of reconciling the economic interests of the biotechnology industry with environmental concerns and, by doing so, is supposed to provide a framework to meet the respective needs of trade and environmental protection with respect to the rapidly growing global biotechnology industry. On the one hand, the Protocol is designed to enable the access to and transfer of technologies regarding the development and use of living modified organisms (LMOs) which are seen to potentially provide considerable socio-economic benefits. Such a typically commercial use may be contained in controlled settings, or involve the release of the organisms into the environment for application in agricultural or industrial production-processes or products. This entails serious risks of environmental damage. The Cartagena Protocol, therefore, seeks to ensure the development of appropriate procedures to enhance the safety of biotechnology, to reduce potential threats to biological diversity, taking also into account the risks to human health. It does so with a particular focus on transboundary movements. The reasons cited for the need for a specific liability regime regarding LMOs and the potential damage they may cause relate to many of the specific problems associated with such organisms: For example, once LMOs are released, the transgenes cannot be easily recalled or removed from the environment. There may be possible long-term effects, whereby damage may only appear over time or even increase incrementally over time. Furthermore, some of the difficulties common to liability in an environmental damage context become acute when dealing with LMOs, such as in proving damage and causation, valuing areas damaged by LMOs, which may be not as well developed under existing liability regimes, as well as defining the affected persons who can bring a claim, e.g., on behalf of the environment or affected communities.
Protocol on Liability and Compensation for Damage Resulting from Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal
Authors: Gailhofer Peter
Published: November 2022

The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal (hereafter: Basel Convention) was adopted in 1989. It was a reaction to heightened international awareness of the exponential growth of hazardous waste being produced and the risks it presented to human health, property and the environment while being transported around the globe. The Basel Convention primarily aims to minimise the generation and transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and to keep risks at a tolerable level. It was also a response to the practice of exporting increasing amounts of hazardous waste from the Global North to the Global South. Hence, the Convention is supposed to address concerns regarding environmental justice which arise when industrialised countries profit by exploiting the precarious economic positions of nations in the Global South. Economically challenged countries may accordingly be under pressure to prioritise economic development over environmental concerns when they are offered foreign payments in exchange for accepting toxic waste shipments. By dealing with the disproportionately large share of the burden regarding hazardous waste developing nations face, the Basel Convention has been touted as one of the international agreements at the forefront of integrating environmental justice principles into global trade.
Paris Agreement
Authors: Schmalenbach Kirsten
Published: November 2022

Article 8 of the Paris Agreement, in its para. 1, recognises the importance of averting, minimising and addressing loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change. With this, Article 8 connects with the Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM)-work programme of 2013 which specifies that adverse effects resulting from climate change can be both sudden and slow onset events.
International Standards for National Environmental Liability Regimes
Authors: Schmalenbach Kirsten
Published: November 2022

Civil liability conventions are generally seen as instruments that push the costs of pollution into the polluter’s sphere, thereby implementing the ‘polluter pays principle’ (Chap.2¶10 (Sect.2.2.1)). If ratified, they have many advantages when compared to national tort laws: First, they facilitate cross-border lawsuits within their scope of application as civil liability conventions harmonise the domestic tort regimes in all the contracting States. Second, civil liability conventions introduce strict liability whereas general tort law is based on fault or negligence. In terms of disadvantages, at least from an environmental law perspective, is the fact that civil liability conventions serve to shield operators from exposure to excessive claims via liability caps, which is a deviation from the full-compensation principle of tort law.
Advancing E-health Interventions in Cancer Control and Survivorship for Hispanic/Latina Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Baik Sharon H. , Buscemi Joanna , Oswald Laura B. , Buitrago Diana , Guitelman Judith , Iacobelli Francisco , Simon Melissa A. , Penedo Frank J. , Yanez Betina
Published: November 2022

Hispanic/Latina breast cancer survivors (BCS) in the United States experience disparities in survivorship outcomes, including worse health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and symptom burden than non-Hispanic/Latina BCS. Despite documented efficacy among BCS in general, few psychosocial interventions are specifically designed for Hispanic/Latina BCS. With increasing technology use among US Hispanics/Latinos, e-health interventions such as smartphone applications can deliver more easily accessible, scalable, and culturally tailored psychosocial interventions. Two culturally informed smartphone applications for Hispanic/Latina BCS—My Guide (intervention) and My Health (control)—were developed and evaluated. Results demonstrated the feasibility of study procedures and the high acceptability of both applications, which showed improvements in breast cancer well-being and symptom burden over time. A third application—My Guide for Breast Cancer Treatment—was developed to expand the focus of My Guide to Hispanic/Latina women currently in active treatment for breast cancer; a second pilot randomized controlled trial will compare this new application to usual enhanced care. Given the lack of culturally tailored, evidence-based, e-health psychosocial interventions for Hispanic/Latina BCS, My Guide and My Guide for Breast Cancer Treatment may bridge a gap in cancer care, providing needed psychosocial resources to this underrepresented population. E-health supportive and behavioral interventions focused on breast cancer, and its treatment may improve patient engagement as well as patient-reported outcomes among Hispanic/Latina women during active treatment for breast cancer and into survivorship.
Supportive Care Needs and Coping Strategies Used by Latino Men Cancer Survivors
Authors: Martinez Tyson Dinorah , Ruiz Erik L.
Published: November 2022

By the end of 2020, over 1.8 million Americans will be diagnosed with cancer and 600,000 will die from the disease. Despite experiencing lower incidence rates of cancer compared to non-Hispanic Whites, the Hispanic population in the United States faces a number of barriers to care, which may result in more involved, costlier, and potentially less successful treatments. Hispanic men in particular experience disproportionate cancer-related health disparities compared to other racial and ethnic groups and Hispanic women. Hispanic men cancer survivors (HMCS) have unique supportive care needs and use a variety of coping mechanisms, which remain largely unaccounted for and unaddressed. This chapter presents a brief description of cancer epidemiology and relevant disparities in diagnosis and care for the Hispanic population in the United States. It also explores merging research centered on preliminary data about the supportive care needs of HMCS and concludes with recommendations for public health research and practice.
Optimizing Engagement of the Latino Community in Cancer Research
Authors: Baezconde-Garbanati Lourdes , Martinez Bibiana , Ochoa Carol , Murphy Sheila , Barahona Rosa , Aristizabal Carolina , Rodriguez Yaneth L.
Published: November 2022

To optimize engagement of Latino communities in cancer research, University of Southern California researchers are working with communities on prevention of cervical cancer, a highly preventable and treatable disease. Two recent studies from their signature initiatives, Es Tiempo and Tamale Lesson, are presented to illustrate the situation in the Latino community regarding the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cervical cancer screening. These population-based studies included promotores de salud (lay community health workers) and community members who were engaged from conceptualization, recruitment, translation, cultural adaptation, information dissemination, and other important aspects of the research. A third exploratory effort used virtual reality as a research tool to better understand vaccine hesitancy, especially among boys and explored end-of-life quality improvements for immigrant Latino populations. These studies serve as a backdrop for discussing common strategies to increase participation in cancer research in key areas such as information delivery, consultation with stakeholders and partners, and collaboration with community opinion leaders. Strategies are discussed, which optimize engagement in cancer research, stimulate communication, and empower participants to engage in research. These strategies shape attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors, improving outcomes for Latinas at risk of cervical and other HPV-related cancers.
Contextualising Cultural Participation
Authors: Heikkilä Riie
Published: November 2022

This chapter contextualises cultural participation as one of the three dimensions of cultural practices. It first discusses cultural participation as a positional good and as a vehicle of social exclusion. The chapter then introduces some of the main contributions arguing that the highbrow-oriented culture could be losing its distinctive value—most importantly, the discussions on the ‘rise of the omnivore’ and the ‘meltdown scenario’. This chapter also summarises the research on the cultural practices of different underprivileged classes. It is argued that moral boundaries are an important means for underprivileged classes to defend their worth in a scenario of ‘lacking’ cultural or economic resources. Finally, this chapter shows that public cultural policy serves as an important tool for validating specific kinds of cultural participation.
What Do We Know About Cultural Participation and Non-participation?
Authors: Heikkilä Riie
Published: November 2022

This chapter deals with the social underpinnings of cultural participation. The most common socio-economic indicators predicting low cultural participation across different national contexts are discussed. It is argued in the light of other empirical studies that the operationalisations are often far from solid and tend to depart from highbrow-oriented participation. This means that many forms of more mundane participation often remain invisible and that activity outside of conventional culture is easily labelled as inactivity or passivity. The everyday participation debate is discussed here as a reminder of the importance of the many informal and locally negotiated cultural practices for understanding cultural participation and non-participation. Finally, it is argued that different understandings of the value of culture are at the heart of the cultural policy debates.
Conclusion
Authors: Heikkilä Riie
Published: November 2022

This chapter summarises the main findings. First, cultural non-participation is first and foremost a methodological artefact. Second, cultural non-participation (in highbrow-oriented activities) is only in some cases ‘compensated’ by informal social of kin-based participation. Rather, there are generally very active people and people who mostly engage in everyday pursuits. Third, the three main categories of talking about cultural non-participation in Finland were the following three: ‘affirmation’, ‘functionality’ and ‘resistance’ discourses. The chapter then discusses the problematic role of cultural policy in subverting existing hierarchies. After discussing briefly the main limitations, the chapter concludes that the best possibilities for equalising or at least balancing cultural participation lie in an equal society and that understanding this is key in our societies characterised by cultural divides.