bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enthalpies of mixing in ternary Al–Gd–Mn liquid alloys
Authors: Ivanov Michael , Usenko Natalia , Kotova Natalia
Published: September 2021

The enthalpies of mixing in liquid alloys of the ternary Al–Gd–Mn system were determined over a wide range of compositions by means of isoperibolic calorimetry at 1650 K. The measurements of the partial enthalpies of components were performed along five sections: for the ΔH̅
Al (sections with x
Gd/x
Mn = 0.30/0.70 and 0.65/0.35 for x
Al changed from 0 up to 0.30); for the ΔH̅
Gd (x
Al/x
Mn = 0.80/ 0.20 and 0.50/0.50 for x
Gd changed from 0 up to 0.30); for the ΔH̅
Mn (x
Al/x
Gd = 0.29/0.71 for x
Mn changed from 0 up to 0.26). The enthalpies of mixing in the ternary system were found to be exothermic and steadily increasing in absolute values from the Mn corner towards the Al–Gd constituent binary system, reaching the minimum value of approximately – 37 kJ · mol–1 in the vicinity of the Al0.6Gd0.4 composition, evidently related to the formation of stable Al2Gd phase.
The crystal structure of poly[(μ
4-4,4′-(azanediylbis(methylene))dibenzoato-κ
4
O:N:O′:Oʺ)zinc(II)], C16H13NO4Zn
Authors: Chen Hai-Lin , Yao Dong-Mei , Wang Yan-Ping , Lao Ya-Xin
Published: September 2021

C16H13NO4Zn, triclinic, P

1
‾

$‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 7.5223(6) Å, b = 8.0977(8) Å, c = 11.7739(11) Å, α = 76.410(8)∘, β = 75.495(8)∘, γ = 75.902(8)∘, V = 661.76(11) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0532, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1041, T = 293(2) K.
The properties of nano-CaCO3/nano-ZnO/SBR composite-modified asphalt
Authors: Li Zhenxia , Guo Tengteng , Chen Yukun , Liu Qi , Chen Yuanzhao
Published: September 2021

To solve the problem of the pavement being aged due to the influence of temperature, light and other environmental factors are brought in service. Nano-CaCO3 surface was activated by 6% KH-550, and nano-ZnO surface was activated by 6% aluminate. Nano-CaCO3/nano-ZnO/SBR composite-modified asphalt was prepared. The optimum proportion of composite-modified asphalt was determined by orthogonal test. The influence of modifiers on asphalt pavement performance was comprehensively studied. The microstructure of composite-modified asphalt was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The mechanism of composite-modified asphalt was analyzed. The results show that the optimum combination of composite-modified asphalt is 4% nano-CaCO3 + 5% nano-ZnO + 4% SBR, the aging performance of the composite-modified asphalt is reduced by 6.9%, and the viscosity is increased by 14.6–23.1%. The complex shear modulus is increased by 24.1% at 82°C, the stiffness modulus is decreased, on average, by 21.1%. and the creep curve slope is increased by 9% on average. In the meantime, during the preparation process of composite-modified asphalt, it mainly occurred due to chemical reaction with surface-modified nanomaterials and physical change with SBR polymer materials.
Stefano De Franchi e il dialetto genovese rusticale
Authors: Ziano Carlo
Published: September 2021

The paper deals with the particular linguistic variety spoken by some servants in Stefano De Franchi’s comedies (1714‒1785). After briefly hinting at some fundamental aspects of his production (§1), we examine the text of his comedies (§2) and analyze the servants’ language. This variety presents numerous traits which do not belong to Genoese (§3), some others which will spread in the urban variety only between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (§4) and many others which had been expelled from it between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries (§5). Finally (§6), the linguistic analysis of Gerusalemme Liberata’s Genoese translation (1755) will allow us to order chronologically the linguistic relics of §5.
O ENSINO REMOTO EMERGENCIAL E AS LIÇÕES DO NOVO CORONAVÍRUS PARA A SEARA DA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Carade Hildon Oliveira Santiago
Published: September 2021

Este ensaio apresenta algumas reflexões sobre a adoção do ensino remoto emergencial, uma vez que as escolas foram obrigadas a fechar as portas, como uma medida de retardamento da disseminação do novo coronavírus. A partir da análise de notícias de jornais, refletiremos sobre se a instrução virtual significaria uma sentença de morte às escolas, ao menos no tocante ao seu modelo de aulas presenciais. As narrativas colhidas nos levarão a um debate pedagógico sobre o lugar da escola e dos estudantes no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, o que nos proporcionará uma mirada mais crítica sobre a decantada obsolescência dos aparatos escolares.
DE NORTE A SUL: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE AS CARACTERÍSTICAS ECONÔMICAS E GASTRONÔMICAS DAS PRINCIPAIS FRUTAS IDENTITÁRIAS NO BRASIL
Authors: Rodrigues Gabriela Ferreira , Santana Aline Gomes , Shinohara Neide Kazue Sakugawa
Published: September 2021

O presente estudo surge com o intuito de analisar as características de algumas frutas no território brasileiro sob a perspectiva do consumo, econômica e versatilidade gastronômica. Foram selecionadas as frutas pequi, butiá, jabuticaba, caju e açaí, visto a representatividade de cada uma nas cinco regiões do Brasil. Além destas frutas também analisamos as características da banana, por estar presente no consumo frutífero de todas as regiões observadas. A partir de estudos bibliográficos, associados à coleta de dados no campo virtual através do método netnográfico, a pesquisa busca compreender e apresentar um pouco mais sobre cada uma das frutas ancorando-se em autores como Steele, Mourão e Fagundes somada a dados de fontes como IBGE e Embrapa. Conforme as informações coletadas ao longo do estudo, consegue-se perceber a relevância destas frutas para o crescimento econômico da sua região de origem através de seu consumo que ocorre de diversas formas, sendo estimulado principalmente pela potencialidade e versatilidade gastronômica que estas oferecem. O estudo ainda traz uma breve observação da manifestação das frutas estudadas diante do cenário pandêmico em que o mundo se encontra, decorrente da propagação da Covid-19. Dessa forma, reforça a importância das frutas como elemento agregador e fortalecimento econômico para o mercado nacional.
The Art of Listening
Authors: Dörries Matthias
Published: September 2021

Music and seismology merged in the daily work of the Caltech professor Hugo Benioff, who united the avant-garde technology of the 1920s with a nineteenth-century Helmholtzian aesthetic, cultural, and scientific understanding of music. The transducer facilitated this merger, mediating between science and music and allowing for new ways of listening to waves outside the audible range. Benioff had the capacity to listen—“listening” understood here not as passive perception, but as an active search to distinguish and separate signal from noise, whether from in- or outside of the instrument. For more than forty years, Benioff worked as a sonic expert, perfecting the recording and reproduction of waves and vibrations of all types and frequencies. After tracing elements of Benioff’s biography, I examine how he incorporated the technology of the transducer in his workshop into his seismological and musical instruments, notable not only for the control, austerity, and clarity of lines of their modernist design, but also for a new kind of poetic technology. Benioff’s seismological instruments made it possible to listen to a large variety of previously undetectable phenomena such as the free oscillations of the earth, and his work with the pianist Rosalyn Tureck on electric musical instruments aimed to reproduce the pure sound of traditional instruments. I argue that Benioff’s search for an aesthetic reconciliation of the scientific modern with an enchanted view of the world is very much a product of the social, cultural, technical, and scientific conditions of the interwar period.
Emerging Nations, Emerging Empires
Authors: Sasaki Christen T.
Published: September 2021

This article covers the controversy that followed the March 16, 1893 escape of prisoner Yosaku Imada to the Japanese warship, the Naniwa, which was docked in Honolulu. Imada’s act of seeking refuge onboard the ship occurred at a time when the provisional government of Hawai‘i had no extradition treaty with Japan. This created a diplomatic event that entangled leaders from Japan, the provisional government, and the United States. To further complicate matters, Issei and Meiji government officials were also pressing for franchise in the Islands, a right that a majority of the community did not have access to at home. By placing Imada’s escape and the Issei fight for voting rights in the context of the uncertainty that followed the January 17, 1893 overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy, this article emphasizes Hawai‘i’s relevance as a site where inter-imperial dynamics aligned with competing settler colonialisms.
“A White-and-Negro Environment Which Is Seldom Spotlighted”
Authors: Campney Brent M. S.
Published: September 2021

This article investigates white-black race relations in postwar urban Kansas. Focusing on seven small and mid-sized cities, it explores how white Kansans continued to maintain discrimination, segregation, and exclusion in these years, even as they yielded slowly to the demands of civil rights activists and their supporters. Specifically, it examines the means employed by whites to assert their dominance in social interactions; to discriminate in housing, employment, and commerce; and, in some cases, to defend their all-white (or nearly all-white) municipalities, the so-called sundown towns, from any black presence at all. In addition, it briefly discusses the white backlash which followed as whites turned sharply to the right on racial issues, convinced that blacks now enjoyed full equality and no longer required further concessions. In so doing, the article provides insight into the history of the black freedom struggle in a sampling of cities in a midwestern state, supplements the historiography of racism in Kansas, and opens new lines of inquiry into the historiography of the freedom struggle in the North during this period of rapid and profound transformation.
Makroökonomik kleiner offener Volkswirtschaften: Ein statisches Neukeynesianisches Modell
Authors: Henzel Steffen , Hülsewig Oliver
Published: September 2021

Kleine offene Volkswirtschaften stehen vor der Wahl, den Wechselkurs ihrer Währung zu fixieren oder diesen flexibel am Devisenmarkt bestimmen zu lassen. Die Vorteile einer Fixierung liegen vor allem darin, dass die preisliche Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der heimischen Unternehmen im internationalen Handel nicht von Schwankungen des nominalen Wechselkurses betroffen ist und dass sich die Volatilität der heimischen Inflationsrate reduziert. Allerdings ist die Fixierung des Wechselkurses auch mit einem Nachteil verbunden, der sich darin äußert, dass die Notenbank einen Verlust an geldpolitischer Autonomie hinnehmen muss. Wir stellen ein stilisiertes Modell vor, in welchem die Vor- und Nachteile einer Fixierung diskutiert werden.
Wer ist Homo oeconomicus?
Authors: Sträter Katharina Friederike
Published: September 2021

Bei aller Kritik am Homo oeconomicus bleibt oft fraglich, wer oder was genau sich hinter diesem Begriff verbirgt. Die Tendenz zur schnellen und digitalen Information berücksichtigend, analysiert dieser Beitrag unter Anwendung qualitativer Methoden, welches Bild des Homo oeconomicus knappe Online-Erklärungen zeichnen. Er zeigt, dass sowohl Widersprüche in und zwischen Erklärungen als auch Oberflächlichkeiten systematisch wiederkehren, die Verwirrung stiften und in gefährlichem Halbwissen resultieren können.
Homeoffice: Boom mit Schattenseiten
Authors: Horstmann Felix
Published: September 2021

Die Homeoffice-Pflicht lief Ende Juni aus. Sinkende Inzidenzzahlen machten diesen Schritt möglich. Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat dem Homeoffice damit einen ungeahnten Aufschwung gebracht. Doch vielen Beschäftigten macht das Arbeiten zu Hause zu schaffen – und für Unternehmen steigen die IT-Sicherheitsprobleme. Es ist daher noch unklar, ob der Aufschwung nachhaltig ist oder sich mit Abebben der Pandemie alles zum Alten entwickelt.
Konkurrenz und Kooperation in der ökonomischen Theorie
Authors: Walter Johann
Published: September 2021

Der Beitrag untersucht anhand ausgewählter Beispiele, in welcher Gewichtung die Konzepte „Konkurrenz“ und „Kooperation“ in ökonomischen Theorien vorkommen und bei theoriebasierten wirtschaftspolitischen Empfehlungen eine Rolle spielen. Im Ergebnis wird für eine stärkere bzw. frühzeitigere Berücksichtigung von Kooperation vor allem in der mikroökonomischen Theorie plädiert.
Die Service Profit Chain als Controllinginstrument mittelständischer Dienstleistungsunternehmen
Authors: Derfuß Klaus , Hogreve Jens , Iseke Anja
Published: September 2021

Die Service Profit Chain hat international in Forschung und Praxis eine große Verbreitung gefunden. Mittelständische Dienstleistungsunternehmen könnten sie daher nicht nur als dienstleistungsspezifisches Marketing- und Personalmanagement-, sondern auch als Controllinginstrument nutzen. Deshalb wird dieses Instrument hier hinsichtlich seiner Eignung für das Controlling vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Die COVID-19-Krise aus Unternehmensperspektive
Authors: Eichholz Julia , Knauer Thorsten , Winkelmann Sandra
Published: September 2021

Die COVID-19-Krise sorgt für tiefgreifende wirtschaftliche Veränderungen. Die Studienergebnisse zeigen, dass Unternehmen vor allem in ihrer Ertragslage beeinträchtigt sind. Die Auswirkungen sind je nach Branche unterschiedlich stark. Weiterhin greifen Unternehmen auf diverse Gegensteuerungsmaßnahmen zurück, wobei ein rechtzeitiges Handeln entscheidend für die Unternehmensentwicklung in der Krise ist.
Plan estratégico para el desarrollo del eje de vinculación con la sociedad, Unemi, Ecuador
Authors: Espinoza-Solís Eduardo , Murillo-Dávila Norberto , Solís-Ríos Cecilia , Sandoval-Tamayo Verónica , Velásquez Andrea
Published: September 2021

The Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI) is a key higher education institution in the development of region 5 in Ecuador. Therefore, a community outreach strategic plan has been developed; it interrelates all university’s careers and the teaching and research substantive functions. The methodology is executed through a plan based on the university’s domains, the research lines that promote the outreach, the international, national, and local development objectives with which programs and projects were created to increase the impact and coverage in the territory, and the dissemination of the results obtained. As a result, the plan offers strategies of alliances with communities to develop joint actions, support from the private sector to increase resources, which are limited in the public sector, and alliances with other universities in the region to develop joint projects to facilitate the beneficiaries’ field of action through a synergy of massive action.
Prácticas de enseñanza en el aula, voz docente y políticas educativas: el caso del Programa de Español para la Educación Primaria en Costa Rica
Authors: Barberousse-Alfonso Paulette , Vargas-Dengo Marie-Claire , Ulate-Carballo Silvia , Rodríguez-Córdoba Viviana
Published: September 2021

This paper is elaborated within the project titled Teaching practices in classrooms, teacher voices, and educational policies: changes to school format. It is assigned to the Basic Education Division (DEB) of the Center for Teaching and Research in Education (CIDE) at the National University (UNA) of Costa Rica. From the teaching-extension work, this project has a direct relationship of thematic and operational continuity with the integrated project titled Building a proposal for implementing the community teachers program (2016-2018); this project implemented five working lines in the School Finca Guararí in Heredia, assisted 174 children in a vulnerable educational situation, and had the participation of 58 university students from the programs of Pedagogy with a major in I & II cycles and Special Education, besides 21 teachers from I Cycle and Age ClassroomBecause of the modifications and changes the integrated project made, we have attempted to identify the meeting points between teaching classroom practices (pedagogical mediation) in the Elementary School in I & II cycles, teachers’ voices, and current educational curricular policy from the Costa Rican Ministry of Public Education (MEP) regarding four teaching programs and basic learning areas: Spanish, Social Studies, Sciences, and Math. In this paper, we address the current Spanish program for I & II cycles. The foundation of the methodological approach concerns Action-Research (A-R) design with a hermeneutic view searching to find meanings and significance from the interpretative analysis of reality and the observed and gathered information from the interaction with participants. The 7th State of the Education Report 2019 frames Spanish classroom teachers’ opinions and beliefs faced and challenged by the teaching of reading and writing within the Elementary School classrooms. Learning to read and write within the first school years is the entrance door to the school curriculum, hence its transcendence and importance. Without learning to read and write the access to modern culture is denied.
Redescubriendo a la persona en la adolescente madre. Retornar su mirada hacia ella misma
Authors: Arguedas-Ramírez Ana , Rodríguez-Madrigal Manuel , Alfaro-Arguedas Alejandro
Published: September 2021

“Rediscovering the person in the adolescent mother” is a change in the approach to this condition by rescuing, in priority order, the adolescent situation in which the person is situated. It is a condition where a series of sudden changes are generated. In addition, these changes entail new demands in parallel to her adolescence, pregnancy condition, and the responsibilities for the young woman and her family.In this process, the construction of knowledge and attitudes are promoted in order to empower the adolescent mother in her own rediscovery through her participation in spaces for self-reflection, from the vision of herself and as a person with rights.Rediscovery is the methodology designed to ease the learning and behavior change respecting to herself. It is based on her feelings, fears, difficulties as basic inputs for internalizing new knowledge, attitudes, and skills.This experience has been carried out for four years (2015-2018), in which the Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies on Childhood and Adolescence (INEINA), together with the San Vicente de Paúl Hospital and the Child Welfare Office (PANI), in an interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary, and inter-institutional action, achieved joint efforts in the generation of their own reflections on the people, their families, and participating institutions.
ATAPUERCA Y LOS ORÍGENES DE LA ARQUEOLOGÍA EXPERIMENTAL. INVESTIGACIÓN, EDUCACIÓN Y DIVULGACIÓN DE NUESTRO PASADO
Authors: Alonso-Alcalde Rodrigo , Terradillos-Bernal Marcos
Published: September 2021

Este artículo analiza la relación que han tenido los yacimientos de la Sierra de Atapuerca con la Arqueología Experimental. Su presentación se realiza desde tres vertientes. Una vinculada a la aplicación de programas experimentales en la investigación científica desde los primeros trabajos realizados en los yacimientos. Otra segunda relacionada con la implementación de esta disciplina en las universidades situadas en la órbita del Proyecto Atapuerca. En este apartado se realiza un estudio de la implicación de estos centros en la celebración de congresos y jornadas relacionados directamente con la Arqueología Experimental en los últimos años. Finalmente una tercera vertiente que pone de manifiesto la importancia que esta disciplina ha tenido en la divulgación y el desarrollo del turismo cultural vinculado a estos yacimientos.
AL CALOR DEL FUEGO: LA DIDÁCTICA MEDIANTE LA ARQUEOMETALURGIA EXPERIMENTAL Y EXPERIENCIAL
Authors: Comendador Rey Beatriz , Lackinger Aaron , Figueiredo Elin
Published: September 2021

En este artículo se sintetizan diversas acciones llevadas a cabo en el ámbito de la arqueometalurgia prehistórica y la arqueología experimental, con el fin de promover tanto su investigación académica, como su didáctica en distintos contextos educativos. En su mayor parte han estado dirigidos a que se conozcan los principales aspectos de la cadena técnica operativa teórica de producción del metal de base cobre y del hierro. En estas actividades, se busca aportar a los participantes las herramientas teóricas y empíricas básicas para la comprensión de los procesos metalúrgicos en la Prehistoria, a través del aprendizaje basado en la recreación tecnológica y al mismo tiempo, ofertar la participación activa en los procesos y su adquisición experiencial.
ANÁLISIS TECNOLÓGICO DE OBJETOS LAPIDARIOS DE LA SALA MEXICA DENTRO DE LA BÓVEDA DEL MUSEO NACIONAL DE ANTROPOLOGÍA, MÉXICO
Authors: Solís Ciriaco Reyna Beatriz , Melgar Tísoc Emiliano Ricardo , Olmedo Vera Bertina
Published: September 2021

El Museo Nacional de Antropología de México resguarda una de las colecciones de objetos arqueológicos más grandes e importantes de distintas culturas, zonas y épocas del México prehispánico. Dicho museo está dividido en 11 salas, siendo la Sala Mexica la más grande de todas y se encuentra ubicada en la parte central del recorrido. Sin embargo, son pocos los estudios arqueométricos enfocados en conocer las técnicas de manufactura de los materiales mexicas en este recinto cultural, en especial los objetos lapidarios. Por ello, desde el 2019 se inició la revisión y análisis tecnológico de la lapidaria de la Sala Mexica, empezando con las piezas resguardadas en la Bóveda de Seguridad del Museo Nacional de Antropología procedentes de Tlatelolco, El Volador y Azcapotzalco. Para ello se empleó arqueología experimental y la caracterización de huellas de manufactura con microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido. De esta manera se pudieron identificar los materiales e instrumentos de trabajo empleados en su elaboración y las semejanzas o diferencias entre los sitios, así como rastrear su filiación cultural local o foránea.
INFORMACIJA APIE AUTORIUS
Authors: Paedagogica Vilnensia Acta
Published: September 2021

...
Вагомі здобутки науково-практичної діяльності Михайла Ільченка
Authors: Сергієнко Іван Васильович
Published: September 2021

13 вересня виповнюється 80 років відомому українському вченому в галузі радіоелектроніки, радіотехніки надвисоких частот і телекомунікацій, лауреату Державних премій УРСР (1983), СРСР (1989) і України (2004) в галузі науки і техніки, заслуженому діячеві науки і техніки України (1992), лауреату премії ім. С.О. Лебедєва НАН України (2000), організатору і науковому керівнику Навчально-наукового інституту телекомунікаційних систем Національного технічного університету України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського», доктору технічних наук (1980), професору (1983), академіку НАН України (2012) Михайлу Юхимовичу Ільченку.
Control of cacao (Theobroma cacao) diseases in Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Ecuador
Authors: Anzules-Toala Vicente , Pazmiño-Bonilla Elvis , Alvarado-Huamán Leonel , Borjas-Ventura Ricardo , Castro-Cepero Viviana , Julca-Otiniano Alberto
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Ecuador occupies the fourth place in cocoa exports with 293,487 tons per year, produced on 559,617 hectares. However, its yield per hectare is low mainly due to the presence of pathogens that affect the pods. Objective. To evaluates different methods of control of pathogens of the Theobroma cacao cv ‘CCN-51’ pod. Materials and methods. The work was carried out in Luz de America, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Ecuador, between 2016 and 2017. The treatments were the result of the combination of cultural practices + two fungicides (Chlorothalonil and Pyraclostrobin) + one biofungicide Serenade® (Bacillus subtilis QST713), with and without fertilizers. In total, 16 treatments were evaluated with 3 replicates or blocks, installed in a commercial cocoa plantation cv ‘CCN-51’ and under a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Results. The use of fungicides (chemical and biological), decreased the incidence of moniliasis (Moniliophthora roreri), black pod rot (Phytophthora spp.), and cherelle wilt; but the application of fertilizers did not increase the effectiveness of these products. Treatment with only cultural practices did not decrease the final incidence of moniliasis, nor of brown rot, in contrast, the final incidence of cherelle wilt increased. The number of pods and the yield were not directly related and the highest yield of fermented and dry cocoa, corresponded to T9 [Cultural labors + Serenade® (0.2 kg ha-1) (every 15 days) + Fertilizer (0.3 kg ha-1) + Fertilizer (1 kg plant-1)], a treatment that also had the highest net income per hectare. Conclusion. Chemical and biological control can manage cocoa pods pathogens. The integration of both control methods allowed the cocoa producer to obtain greater income.
“Aprendí mirando”. Escenas de formación de productores migrantes bolivianos en La Plata, Argentina
Authors: Martínez Darío Gabriel
Published: September 2021

Este artículo describe, desde una perspectiva sociocultural, los procesos de formación que atravesaron productores hortícolas de la ciudad de La Plata. Nuestro propósito consiste en interrogar cómo se transmiten los saberes y las prácticas horticultoras en familias migrantes bolivianas dedicadas a esta actividad. Para ello se realizaron entrevistas etnográficas a 25 diferentes productores y productoras que trabajan en una de las zonas hortícolas más importantes de la Argentina. A partir de sus testimonios, se observa el proceso complejo llevado a cabo para formarse, desde muy jóvenes, en esta actividad productiva.
Is Modern Monetary Theory’s prescription to spend without reference to tax receipts an invitation to tyranny?
Authors: Hanley Brian P.
Published: September 2021

A set of policy prescriptions based on Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) have been developed that are independent of the monetary model, which are often presented together, in a context that does not require taxation: guaranteed income, job guarantee and full employment. These are enabled by the ability of a government to deficit spend as needed, as long as government controls its sovereign currency.

Here I raise the concern that implementing MMT accounting could cause increases in political power inequality relative to citizens not seen since the medieval era or before. The assumption that spending and tax policy in an MMT system would occur as proponents expect is contradicted by the history of political choices regarding spending and taxation over the past half-century. The record of behaviour by politicians in the nations where foreign aid money “fell from the sky,” thus divorcing national income from the tax base, also contradicts this idea.

With removal of the formal requirement for taxation, politicians operating in an MMT system will have little inherent reason in the short term to treat citizens well except moral suasion. This should provide a foundation for tyranny unparalleled in modern history. Incorporating progressive taxation into MMT’s corpus, for the express purpose of economic and political stability, is suggested in order to achieve the overall aims of the MMT policy advocates. However, this may not be sufficient. In addition, considering increasing the role of governors/leaders of states within the monetary unions may be useful, because those governments do need to follow the old rules of taxation to support spending, and this may provide a counterweight.
Reinvestment of earnings in Polish FDI inflows
Authors: Kosztowniak Aneta
Published: September 2021

The aim of this paper is to diagnose the cause-and-effect relationships between reinvestment of earnings (RoE) and other components of FDI inflows and GDP in Poland in the years of 2004–2019, using the VECM model**. Changes in the structure of FDI inflows in Poland are in line with the stages of the FDI life cycle. The increase in the share of RoE in the structure of these investments is also accompanied by an increase in the impact and the degree of explanation of changes in GDP. Studies confirmed that changes in the structure of FDI in Poland was adequate to the theoretical cycle of FDI life. The increase in the share of RoE in the structure of FDI inflows is accompanied by a decrease in equities. The VECM model, impulse response function and decomposition analysis confirmed that among FDI components mainly equities, and next, RoE have large participation in the degree of explanation of GDP. In the short-term, mainly equity has the most important impact on GDP, and additionally, RoE. In the long-time, the importance of equity decreases, while increases the impact of RoE, and also, debt instruments. The increase in the share of RoE in the structure of FDI inflows accompanied by the increase in the impact of these investments on GDP changes.
First record of Gypogyna forceps Simon, 1900 (Araneae, Salticidae, Scopocirini) in Uruguay, with notes on its taxonomy and natural history
Authors: Hagopián Damián , Mailhos Ary
Published: September 2021

We present the first record of Gypogyna forceps Simon, 1900 from Uruguay. This also constitutes the first record of tribe Scopocirini from the country, as well as being the southernmost record for the tribe and species. We provide new data and comments on its taxonomy, including the first description and images of internal female genitalia, as well as an updated distribution and notes on its natural history. Photographs of living and preserved specimens are also included.
Golden Hat of Schifferstadt
Authors: Amendola Luca
Published: September 2021

Four conical golden hats of the Late Bronze Age were discovered in southern Germany and western France in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Their users were probably members of a caste of priests or priestesses performing ceremonies linked to astronomical/calendrical knowledge. Another find discovered in central Germany, the Nebra bronze-gold disk, predates the golden hats by two to six centuries and has also been interpreted as an astronomical/calendrical ceremonial tool. From the burial location of the Nebra disk the Sun sets on the highest mountain of the Harz range, the Brocken, on the summer solstice. Here we investigate whether the burial location of the Schifferstadt golden hat also had an astronomical meaning. Our results make it possible to hypothesise that the Schifferstadt location was a natural astronomical/calendrical viewing place with the same function as several prehistoric circular enclosures, but where the natural hilly horizon of the Odenwald and the Palatinate Forest replaced the artificial horizon of the enclosures.
Steven R. Gullberg, Astronomy of the Inca Empire: Use and Significance of the Sun and the Night Sky
Authors: Bauer Brian S.
Published: September 2021

Steven R. Gullberg, Astronomy of the Inca Empire: Use and Significance of the Sun and the Night Sky Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2020. Hardback, 370 pp., 42 b/w illus., 275 colour illus. ISBN 978-3-030-48365. €135.19.
The use of a Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis on returns from agricultural commodities in the subprime crisis
Authors: Schiavon Luiza Lonardoni Paulino , Crepaldi Antonio Fernando
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To understand the dynamics of the agricultural commodities market and predict a possible economic crisis, in addition to helping agricultural producers balance their product portfolio, diversifying their goods and reducing risks.Theoretical framework: Prices of agricultural commodities have changed significantly since 2002; although had been an increase in demand, where weather problems negatively affected supply, resulting in price increases. With the global financial crisis of 2008, there was a reduction in international credit and an increase in the US dollar against the Brazilian Real.Design/Methodology/Approach: Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis methods were used to understand the behavior of the cross correlations of the price of five Brazilian agribusiness commodities (cotton, sugar, coffee, corn and soybeans) for the previous periods, during and after the subprime crisis.Findings: Both methods showed a significant change in the behavior of the series in the period of crisis, when compared to their temporal neighborhoods.Research, Practical & Social Implications: It was found that the crisis changed the structure of the correlation of the returns on the commodities analyzed. This change implies alterations to a possible product portfolio in order to minimize risks.Originality/Value: The long-term nonlinear correlation behavior was calculated and analyzed on the temporal series for the return on the main agricultural commodities in the period of the subprime crisis and its temporal neighborhoods were calculated and analyzed, allowing several changes to be found in the product correlation structure, due to the crisis process.Keywords: Subprime Financial Crisis; Agricultural Commodities; Detrended Fluctuation Analysis; Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis.
Comparison of PERT/CPM and CCPM Methods in Project Time Management
Authors: Takami Narita Taynara , Alberconi Caio Henrique , Souza Fernando Bernardi de , Ikeziri Lucas
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Evaluate and compare PERT/CPM and Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) techniques, from the Theory of Constraints (TOC), in relation to indicators of delivery time estimation and reliability in meeting established deadlines.Theoretical framework: The research is based on the time management theory established by the PERT/CPM and CCPM methods.Design/methodology/approach: This work has an experimental character, using a method of computer simulation by applying the Promodel software. A fictitious project environment managed by PERT/CPM and CCPM techniques was modeled in order to evaluate and compare their performances in terms of estimation of, and compliance with, project completion deadlines.Findings: The results obtained showed that the CCPM method proved to be more effective in reducing project completion time and meeting established deadlines. Conversely, the PERT/CPM method increased planned project completion time by 189%.Research, Practical & Social implications: Many managers assume that the best approach to project planning, especially when aiming for short and reliable deadlines, is to allocate margins of safety to each scheduled activity. This research reinforced the already widely held perception of TOC that, due to certain ordinary human behaviors, local optimizations do not guarantee, and usually adversely effect, good global results.Originality/value: There is a lack of research comparing PERT/CPM and CCPM techniques through modeling and computer simulations of project environments subjected to certain degrees of uncertainty, particularly in terms of performance variables such as those studied here. The results of this research, therefore, address this opportunity, bringing to light comparative scenarios and explanations for the different behaviors observed.Keywords: Computational Simulation; Project Management; Goldratt; Critical Chain; CCPM; PERT/CPM.
Prepositional phraseological patterns in Czech and English
Authors: Šebestová Denisa
Published: September 2021

This pilot study aims to identify differences in native and non-native phraseologies, focussing on prepositional patterns. Previous research suggests L2 users’ limited phraseological choices may hinder the accuracy of their language production, and prepositions can pose a particular challenge to Czech learners of English, given the lack of correspondence between translation equivalents. Further, prepositional patterns contribute to text structuring, making them an important part of learners´ competence. Using representative corpora of English and Czech, 3- to 5-grams containing the equivalent preposition pair in/v are extracted. The identified patterns are classified by their semantics and textual functions. While in/v patterns mostly fulfil corresponding functions in the languages compared, the distribution of these functions differs. Specifically, some pattern types are only found in English, highlighting its analytic nature as opposed to inflectional Czech.
Lexicogrammar through colligation: Noun + Preposition in English and Norwegian
Authors: Hasselgård Hilde
Published: September 2021

This study compares sequences of noun and preposition in English and Norwegian using data from the English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus. One purpose is to test the use of sequences of part-of-speech tags as a search method for contrastive studies. The other is to investigate the functions and meanings of prepositional phrases in the position after a noun across the two languages. The comparison of original texts shows that the function of postmodifier is most frequent in both languages, with adverbial in second place. Other functions are rare. English has more postmodifiers and fewer adverbials than Norwegian. Furthermore, the prepositional phrases express locative meaning, in both functions, more frequently in Norwegian than in English. The study of translations reveals that the adverbials have congruent correspondences more often than postmodifiers, particularly in translations from English into Norwegian.
RAF, DNA and CAPTCHA: English acronyms in German and Swedish translation
Authors: Ström Herold Jenny , Levin Magnus , Tyrkkö Jukka
Published: September 2021

This study investigates acronyms in English originals and their translations into German and Swedish, comparing forms, functions and distributions across the languages. The material was collected from the Linnaeus English-German-Swedish corpus (LEGS) consisting of original and translated popular non-fiction. From a structural point of view, acronyms most often occur as independent noun heads (When IBM introduced […]) or as premodifiers in a noun phrase (PGP encryption). Due to morphosyntactic differences, English acronym premodifiers often merge into hyphenated compounds in German translations (UN-Klimakonvention), but less frequently so in Swedish. The study also discusses explicitation practices when introducing source-culture specific acronyms in the translations. German translators explain and elaborate more than Swedish translators and they do so in the German language. Swedish translators, however, use English to a greater extent, suggesting that Swedish readers are expected to have better knowledge of English than German readers.
Estudio de cohortes prospectivo en etapa temprana de la pandemia COVID-19, Partido de General Pueyrredón, Argentina (INECOVID): dinámica de infección y factores de riesgo
Authors: Marro Jimena , Ballejo Christian , Aguirre María Fernanda , Martín María Eugenia de San , Miranda Lucía López , Poncet Verónica , Silva Andrea
Published: September 2021

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Establecer la magnitud y los factores de riesgo de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en el Partido de General Pueyrredón, Buenos Aires, Argentina: estudio INECOVID. Métodos: Diseño de cohortes prospectivo con participantes de población general del partido. El período de seguimiento fue del 22 de junio al 18 de diciembre de 2020, con un intervalo mínimo de citación de 21 días. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante cuestionarios y muestras de suero o plasma. El evento primario fue el tiempo hasta la seroconversión (IgG) como evidencia de infección por SARS-CoV-2. Se estimó el riesgo acumulado de infección por el método de Kaplan Meier. Se construyeron modelos de Cox con variables tiempo-dependientes. Resultados: Fueron reclutados 345 participantes (n=222 mujeres, 64,3%; 123 hombres, 35,7%), con una edad mediana de 45 años en mujeres (Rango intercuartílico: 19) y 49 en hombres (Rango intercuartílico: 26). El 12,8% de los participantes (n=44) tuvieron evidencia de infección por SARS-CoV-2 [densidad de incidencia de 9,1 casos (mujeres: 11,1, hombres: 5,1) por 10.000 personas-días]. El 36,4% de los casos (n=16) fueron asintomáticos. Se mostraron asociados al riesgo de infección: ser contacto estrecho de un caso confirmado de COVID-19 (HR=5,56; IC95% 2,85–10,83), ser trabajador de salud (HR=2,93; IC95% 1,55-5,52), vivir en hacinamiento (HR=2,23; IC95% 1,13–4,49) y edad (HR=0,98; IC95% 0,95–1,00). Conclusión: Los factores de riesgo de infección hallados avalan las políticas y protocolos de protección adoptados por las autoridades sanitarias de Argentina para la población general y los programas de atención a los trabajadores de la salud en la etapa pre-vacunación.
El ejercicio profesional del trabajo social con organizaciones de derechos humanos : posibilidades, retos y oportunidades.
Authors: Castaño Orozco Cristian Sebastián
Published: September 2021

Objetivo. Este artículo pretende ubicar una discusión entre los derechos humanos en relación con la coyuntura colombiana y el posible papel del trabajo social en relación con organizaciones defensoras de derechos humanos. Metodología. Se analizó la dinámica de los derechos humanos en el modo de producción capitalista, las tensiones consecuentes en el contexto colombiano entre dichas organizaciones con el Estado y otros actores, precisando especialmente en las lógicas que éstas presentan con el trabajo social. Resultado. Se identifica el carácter histórico y conflictivo de los derechos humanos, cómo este doble carácter se refleja en el escenario colombiano en episodios como el estado de sitio, la “guerra sucia” y la configuración del neoliberalismo. Conclusión. A pesar de la marginalidad del trabajo social, esta profesión cuenta con una oportunidad importante en términos de ampliar su quehacer profesional y los horizontes del proyecto profesional, anclado a la construcción de un proyecto ético-político profesional crítico.
Factores para la formación en investigación del trabajo social : aportes desde la sistematización del semillero interferencias, Universidad del Quindío, Colombia.
Authors: Gil Ríos Ana María
Published: September 2021

Objetivo. Comprender los factores del proceso de formación en investigación en trabajo social que han contribuido al fortalecimiento de capacidades y actitudes investigativas de estudiantes y docentes del semillero Interferencias, entre el segundo semestre de 2015 y el primer semestre del 2017. Metodología. Sistematización realizada desde un enfoque comprensivo y un proceso de cinco etapas: delimitación de la experiencia, elaboración de un plan de trabajo, reconstrucción histórica y análisis e interpretación crítica, desde la cual se construyen categorías de análisis. Resultados. Se identificaron como principales categorías para la formación en investigación elementos epistemológicos, pedagógicos y metodológicos. Conclusiones. La opción decolonial e intercultural y el construccionismo social como aporte para la construcción de pedagogías y metodologías otras que orienten la formación en investigación.
Enforced disappearances and social services : reconstruction of the Ayotzinapa, Iguala, Guerrero (Central Mexico) case.
Authors: Hernández Valdés Jorge , García Lirios Cruz , Bolivar Mojica Eyder , Coronado Rincón Oscar
Published: September 2021

Objective. Social historical reconstruction of the Ayotzinapa case from the perspective of Social Work intervention models. Methodology. Mixed, a qualitative, retrospective and hermeneutical study with key informants and other quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational research with an intentional selection of mobilization activists in favor of Ayotzinapa. Results. Disclosure of meanings from discourses and narratives of causal attribution of responsibility to the State for the enforced disappearance and genocide of 43 students, as well as relationships that determine the expectations of justice based on the expectations of honesty. Conclusion. The intersection device corresponds to a qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of the social representations of the Ayotzinapa case spread as a central axis of a public agenda.
ACROSS-THE-BOARD WAGE INCREASES IN EXTENDED COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS: FAIR OR UNFAIR?
Authors: Julien Hofman
Published: September 2021

The article looks at across-the-board increases in collective agreements extended to employers who were not party to the negotiations that produced them. It asks whether having to pay such increases can be unfair to these employers. The article explains the safeguards in section 32 of the Labour Relations Act. It concludes that, although these safeguards are not as clear as they might be, they should protect employers from having to pay unfair across-the-board increases. The article ends by looking at how to simplify the safeguards in section 32.
INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION AND THE SUBSIDIARITY PRINCIPLE: A PROPOSAL FOR A VIA MEDIA
Authors: Meda Couzens  , Noel Zaal
Published: September 2021

This article discusses implementation of the principle of subsidiarity in intercountry adoption cases. The authors demonstrate that, whilst this principle has become well established in international law, the precise nature of its application remains uncertain. The adverse effects of this uncertainty on the reception of the principle of subsidiarity in South African Law are analysed. It is shown that neither our courts nor the legislature have been able to provide the degree of clarity required by professionals and parties involved in intercountry adoption cases. A proposal for improved guidance is put forward.
OF FENCES AND PEACE BETWEEN NEIGHBOURS
Authors: Ròsaan Krüger
Published: September 2021

The speaker in the poem “Mending Wall” by American poet Robert Frost questions the wisdom of the saying that “Good Fences Make Good Neighbo[u]rs”. The walls or fences referred to in the poem represent more than just physical barriers separating adjacent premises; the speaker sees them as representing obstacles to communication and friendship between individuals. Seen from theperspective of the speaker, a fence or wall is a “bad” thing. But the speaker is but one of the parties to the neighbourly relationship. For the speaker’s neighbour, a wall or a fence is “a protector of privacy”. Thus there are two views on walls or fences: they can be seennegatively as obstructing good relations, or positively as dividers that secure good relations between neighbours by separating them and protecting their privacy rights. What do dividers (or barriers), physical or otherwise, have to do with law? During recent research visits to the Durban Magistrate’s Court (October 2007, February 2008) the author noted with interest that magistrates at the Durban court often had to deal with applications for binding-over orders (or “peace orders”) intended to secure the peace between neighbours. Binding-over orders can be seen as legal “fences” or “walls” established in terms of statute at the request of one of the parties where violence or threats of violence imperil the peaceful co-existence of neighbours. Section 384 of the Criminal Procedure Act 56 of 1955 – which allows for such applications – is one of only two sections of that Act that remains on the statute book. The provisions of section 384 have been called archaic and irrelevant in view of the provisions of the Domestic Violence Act of 1998 and its 1993 predecessor. Seen in this light, a reconsideration of section 384 seems redundant. But the matter is not that simple. The application ofthe Domestic Violence Act requires the existence of a domestic relationship between the parties as defined in section 1 of that Act. The complainant who approaches a magistrate for a binding-over order in terms of section 384 and the person against whom the order is sought may not be in a domestic relationship as defined in the Act, thus ruling out the application of the Domestic Violence Act. Therefore, section 384 goes wider in that it aims to preserve the peace within a broader context than the Domestic Violence Act.Consequently reconsideration thereof is warranted. In this note the author discusses the provision for binding-over orders asset out in section 384 of the Criminal Procedure Act of 1955. In order to do so, she traces the origins thereof before considering the specific scope of section 384. In the main she analyses the constitutionality of this section in the light of relevant jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court and comparative jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. She concludes with a recommendation.