bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Electrochemical Controllable Machining Technology of Small-Sized Inner Intersecting Hole Rounding
Authors: Pang Guibing , Yan Zhaobin , Zhu Xiaofei , Fan Shuangjiao
Published: October 2022

Small-sized inner intersecting holes are a common structure for large engine nozzles, hydraulic valves, and other parts. In order to ensure the uniform and stable fluid state in the intersecting hole, it is necessary to process the fillet at the intersecting line and accurately control the fillet radius. Limited by the structure and size, the rounding of the small-sized inner intersecting hole is a technical problem, and the traditional machining methods have problems, in terms of efficiency and accuracy. In order to solve this problem, electrochemical machining technology was applied to the rounding of small-sized inner intersecting holes. According to the structure of inner intersecting holes, an electrochemical rounding processing scheme with built-in fixed cathode was designed. The electric field distribution of different cathode shapes was analyzed using finite element method software. The influence of processing voltage and processing time on the current density distribution was studied for different cathode shapes, to determine the most reasonable cathode shape. Taking the inner intersecting hole with a diameter of 2 mm as the research object, and according to the analysis of the influence of processing voltage on the processing effect, a suitable control factor for controlling the rounding was processing time, and the optimal processing voltage was obtained. The formulas of fillet radius and processing time were obtained by regression analysis and verified using machining examples. The results provide a feasible method for the accurate and controllable machining of small-sized inner intersecting hole rounding.
Electromagnetic Assessment of UHF-RFID Devices in Healthcare Environment
Authors: Ramos Victoria , Suárez Oscar J. , Suárez Samuel , Febles Víctor M. , Aguirre Erik , Zradziński Patryk , Rabassa Luis E. , Celaya-Echarri Mikel , Marina Pablo , Karpowicz Jolanta , Falcone Francisco , Hernández José A.
Published: October 2022

In this work, the evaluation of electromagnetic effect of Ultra High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification (UHF-RFID) passive tags used in the healthcare environment is presented. In order to evaluate exposure levels caused by EM field (865–868 MHz) of UHF-RFID readers, EM measurements in an anechoic chamber and in a real medical environment (Hospital Universitario de Canarias), as well as simulations by 3D Ray Launching algorithm, and of biophysical exposure effects in human models are presented. The results obtained show that the EM exposure is localized, in close vicinity of RFID reader and inversely proportional to its reading range. The EM exposure levels detected are sufficient to cause EM immunity effects in electronic devices (malfunctions in medical equipment or implants). Moreover, more than negligible direct effects in humans (exceeding relevant SAR values) were found only next to the reader, up to approximately 30% of the reading range. As a consequence, the EM risk could be firstly evaluated based on RFID parameters, but should include an in situ exposure assessment. It requires attention and additional studies, as increased applications of monitoring systems are observed in the healthcare sector—specifically when any system is located close to the workplace that is permanently occupied.
The Geomorphological and Geological Structure of the Samaria Gorge, Crete, Greece—Geological Models Comprehensive Review and the Link with the Geomorphological Evolution
Authors: Manoutsoglou Emmanouil , Lazos Ilias , Steiakakis Emmanouil , Vafeidis Antonios
Published: October 2022

The Samaria Gorge is a dominant geomorphological and geological structure on Crete Island and it is one of the national parks established in Greece. Due to the complex tectonics and the stratigraphic ambiguities imprinted in the geological formations of the area, a comprehensive review of the geological models referring to the geological evolution of the area is essential in order to clarify its geomorphological evolution. In particular, the study area is geologically structured by the Gigilos formation, the Plattenkalk series and the Trypali unit. Regarding lithology, the Gigilos formation predominantly includes phyllites and slates, while the Plattenkalk series and the Trypali unit are mainly structured by metacarbonate rocks; the Plattenkalk series metacarbonate rocks include cherts, while the corresponding ones of the Trypali unit do not. Furthermore, the wider region was subjected to compressional tectonics, resulting in folding occurrences and intense faulting, accompanied by high dip angles of the formations, causing similar differentiations in the relief. Significant lithological differentiations are documented among them, which are further analyzed in relation to stratigraphy, the tectonics, and the erosion rate that changes, due to differentiations of the lithological composition. In addition, the existing hydrological conditions are decisive for further geomorphological evolution.
Series-Parallel Generative Adversarial Network Architecture for Translating from Fundus Structure Image to Fluorescence Angiography
Authors: Chen Yiwei , He Yi , Li Wanyue , Wang Jing , Li Ping , Xing Lina , Zhang Xin , Shi Guohua
Published: October 2022

Although fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) is a very effective retinal imaging tool for ophthalmic diagnosis, the requirement of intravenous injection of harmful fluorescein dye limits its application. As a screening diagnostic method that reduces the frequency of intravenous injection, a series-parallel generative adversarial network (GAN) architecture for translating fundus structure image to FFA images is proposed herein, using deep learning-based software that only needs an intravenous injection for the training process. Firstly, the fundus structure image and the corresponding FFA images of three phases are collected. Secondly, our series-parallel GAN is trained to translate FFA images from fundus structure image with the supervision of FFA images. Thirdly, the trained series-parallel GAN model is used to translate FFA images by only using fundus structure image. By comparing the FFA images translated by our algorithm, Sequence GAN, pix2pix, and cycleGAN, we show the advancement of our algorithm. To further confirm the advancements of our algorithm, we evaluate the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM) index, and mean-squared error (MSE) of our algorithm, Sequence GAN, pix2pix, and cycleGAN. To demonstrate the performance of our method, we show some typical FFA images translated by our algorithm.
A VHF Band Small CRLH Antenna Using Double-Sided Meander Lines
Authors: Lee Soyeong , Park Yong Bae
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a miniaturized very-high frequency (VHF) band antenna using both top and bottom meander lines is proposed. To design a compact size antenna in the VHF band, a Composite Right/Left-Handed (CRLH) transmission line is applied to antenna structure; additionally, both top and bottom meander lines were used to achieve a greater inductance. The CRLH transmission line unit cell operates at 88 MHz, and the fabricated antenna is designed by arranging 7-unit cells. The overall size of the proposed antenna is 0.087λ × 0.02λ × 0.0003λ at the lowest operating frequency, and the antenna operates at 84 MHz. The VSWR 3.5:1 reference operating bandwidth of the antenna is 2%. The received power of the proposed CRLH antenna was measured to verify the antenna performance.
A Study on the Field Applicability of Intermittent Irrigation in Protected Cultivation Using an Automatic Irrigation System
Authors: Kang Sang-Hyeon , Kim Youngjin , Lee Sangbong , Kim Heetae , Kim Minyoung
Published: October 2022

The demand for efficient water use and automatic systems has been increasing due to the frequent drought damage to crops as a result of climate change, the shortage of water resources in rural areas, and the aging of farmers. The existing automatic irrigation systems reduce the amount of labor required for irrigation and maintain soil moisture. However, the irrigation threshold criteria are user-determined as opposed to being automated according to input objectives such as improving crop productivity and saving water. In this study, an algorithm that could automatically determine suitable soil moisture according to a database and an automatic irrigation system with intermittent irrigation for efficient water use were developed. An experiment was then conducted on the productivity of crops for protected cultivation according to the application of the system. As the frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) sensor used in this system measured the volumetric water content of the soil, the soil moisture tension corresponding with the set value was converted into the volumetric water content using a regression equation. The process of intermittent irrigation was defined by using the moisture movement modeling of Hydrus 2D to reduce water loss on the soil surface and allow moisture to penetrate the soil unobstructed. An experimental field of a tomato farm was divided into empirical manual and controlled automatic irrigation plots. A total of 97.3% of the soil moisture values in the −33 kPa-controlled automatic irrigation plot and 96.6% of the soil moisture values in the −25 kPa-controlled automatic irrigation plot were within each set range during the first cropping season. During the second cropping season, a total of 94.8% of the soil moisture values in the −33 kPa-controlled automatic irrigation plot was within the set range. Compared with the empirical manual irrigation plot, the water productivity in the first cropping season was 113.9% in the −33 kPa-controlled automatic irrigation plot and 106.3% in the −25 kPa-controlled automatic irrigation plot. In the second cropping season, the water productivity was 117.3% in the −33 kPa-controlled automatic irrigation plot. Therefore, an automatic irrigation system applied with intermittent irrigation could be critical to increasing agricultural production and improving water-use efficiency.
Vacant House Characteristics by Use Area and Their Application to Sustainable Community
Authors: Joo Heesun , Lee Soyeong , Kang Seok-Jin , Kim Sung-Yong
Published: October 2022

The problem of vacant houses is important to identify its causes and then solve it. This study aims to determine the factors affecting the occurrence of vacant houses and examines their influence. The results highlight that the residential environment, population, social, physical environment, and geographic factors are statistically significant for the residential areas’ vacant house occurrence, but physical environmental was not significant for the commercial area vacant house occurrence; however, the individual building factor was significant. In residential areas, if the housing itself becomes obsolete or the area is outdated, people often depart from the area, leaving behind empty houses. In the commercial area, it is possible to decrease the number of vacant houses by converting old houses into shops in line with revitalizing a commercial district; a decrease in the number of businesses can be interpreted as a decline in commercial districts and an increase in vacant houses.
Parametric Design of a Finger Rehabilitation Mechanism with Double Action and Two Degrees of Freedom
Authors: Nava-Téllez Iyari Alejandro , Elias-Espinosa Milton Carlos , Cervantes-Culebro Héctor , Flores-González Aldo Elihu
Published: October 2022

The objective of this work is to design a rehabilitation mechanism for the index finger that can replicate the finger’s natural movements in the sagittal plane; this mechanism must also be able to adapt to an individual’s anthropometric dimensions. The personalization of the mechanism is made through a parametric model assisted by computer-aided design software. An infrared motion capture system is used to validate the natural finger movements, comparing them to the ones generated by the parametric designed mechanism. The replication of natural finger movements with this mechanism is possible due to the use of virtual centers and the employment of two degrees of freedom. One degree of freedom is proximal phalanx flexion-extension, and the other one is the middle-distal phalanges conjoined movement. The replication of natural motions and the use of personalization techniques offer three main advantages: a diverse set of rehabilitation exercises, an increase in the range of motion of the finger compared to other designs in the literature and the short construction time required for the rehabilitation device.
Compressive and Tensile Fracture Failure Analysis of Asphalt Mixture Subjected to Freeze–Thaw Conditions by Acoustic Emission and CT Scanning Technologies
Authors: Wang Wensheng , Xia Wenlei , Liang Jiaxiang
Published: October 2022

The cracking of bitumen pavement in seasonal frozen areas has direct and significant influences on its properties. In order to study the compressive and tensile fracture failure features of basalt fiber-reinforced asphalt mix after freeze–thaw (F-T) treatment, the load–displacement curves under the compression and tensile modes of asphalt mixture after F-T conditions were tested. As a real-time detection means, acoustic emission (AE) was used for testing asphalt mix under compression and tensile load modes. X-ray computed tomography (CT) was employed to represent and evaluate the interior void in F-T conditions. The results showed that, as F-T conditions continue, the compressive and tensile strength of the specimens at different temperatures decreases. The amplitude and count of AE signals with the time history of load level show different characteristics of change in various intervals. AE signal indirect parameters reveal that under compressive and tensile load modes there is a gradual deterioration of performance for asphalt mix due to the coupling interactions between tensile and shear cracks. The asphalt mixtures have different behavior in F-T conditions, which are attributable to interior meso-void characteristics based on CT analysis. This study is limited to the type and loading mode of asphalt mixture in order to quantitatively predict the performance of asphalt mixture.
All-Optical Method of Determining Laser Power from the Photomechanical Effect
Authors: Sun Frank , Shasho Rocco T. , Crescimanno Michael , Dawson Nathan J.
Published: October 2022

A method to determine the power of a continuous wave laser from photothermal heating of a poly(dimethyl siloxane) film is reported. The base was doped with oil red O and cured on a surface relief grating. The grating period was shown to increase proportional to the temperature by monitoring the decrease in diffraction angle of a probe beam. A 10s illumination period of a continuous wave (CW) pump beam absorbed by the film increased the film’s temperature, which resulted in a local strain that could be modeled using the two-dimensional heat kernel. The amplitude of the transient response was found to be linearly correlated with the pump laser power.
Wave Aberration Correction for an Unobscured Off-Axis Three-Mirror Astronomical Telescope Using an Aberration Field Compensation Mechanism
Authors: Wang Jinxin , He Xu , Zhang Xiaohui , Ma Mingze , Cao Zhirui
Published: October 2022

Studying how to use the coupling characteristics of net aberration fields induced by different perturbation parameters to realize the wave aberration compensation correction of perturbed telescopes is of great significance for the development of active optics. Based on nodal aberration theory, this paper studies the wave aberration compensation correction method of an unobscured off-axis three-mirror telescope. Specifically, first of all, it theoretically analyzes the coupling effects and compensation relationships of net aberration fields induced by different perturbation parameters of the telescope. Furthermore, it establishes wave aberration correction models with the secondary mirror as the compensator and the third mirror as the compensator for the telescope, respectively. In the end, it verifies the two compensation correction models by simulations. The results show that the tolerance of the secondary mirror compensation correction mode (SMCM) to the perturbation parameter threshold is significantly better than that of the third mirror compensation correction model (TMCM). When the introduced perturbation parameter threshold is small, the correction accuracy of the two models for the wave aberrations is equivalent, and both reach the order of 10−3λ (RMS, λ = 632.8 nm). When the perturbation parameter threshold is increased, the correction accuracy of SMCM can still be maintained at the order of 10−3λ but the correction accuracy of TMCM would decrease by an order of magnitude.
Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control with SVR Disturbance Observer for PMSM Speed Regulation
Authors: Choi Ahyeong , Kim Hyunchang , Hu Mingyuan , Kim Youngjae , Ahn Hyeongki , You Kwanho
Published: October 2022

Sliding mode control and disturbance compensation techniques are applied to a nonlinear speed control algorithm for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Optimizing the speed control performance of PMSM systems with various disturbances and uncertainties is challenging. To achieve a satisfactory performance, a sliding mode control method based on the super-twisting algorithm reaching law (STRL) is presented. STRL can adapt dynamically to the variations of a controlled system. The STRL maintains a high tracking performance of the controller and allows the control input to eliminate chattering. To estimate the uncertainties and compensate for disturbances, a support vector regression-disturbance observer (SVR-DOB) is presented. The estimated uncertainties were used to minimize modeling errors and improve the disturbance rejection. A controller using SVR-DOB achieves a high precision, and the simulation results demonstrated the validity of the proposed control approach.
Game Development Topics: A Tag-Based Investigation on Game Development Stack Exchange
Authors: Almansoury Farag , Kpodjedo Segla , El Boussaidi Ghizlane
Published: October 2022

Video-game development, despite being a multi-billion-dollar industry, has not attracted sustained attention from software engineering researchers and remains understudied from a software engineering perspective. We aim to uncover, from game developers’ perspectives, which video game development topics are the most asked about and which are the most supported, in order to provide insights about technological and conceptual challenges game developers and managers may face on their projects. To do so, we turned to the Game Development Stack Exchange (GDSE), a prominent Question and Answer forum dedicated to game development. On that forum, users ask questions and tag them with keywords recognized as important categories by the community. Our study relies on those tags, which we classify either as technology or concept topics. We then analysed these topics for their levels of community attention (number of questions, views, upvotes, etc.) and community support (whether their questions are answered and how long it takes). Related to community attention, we found that topics with the most questions include concepts such as 2D and collision detection and technologies such as Unity and C#, whereas questions touching on concepts such as video and augmented reality and technologies such as iOS, Unreal-4 and Three.js generally lack satisfactory answers. Moreover, by pairing topics, we uncovered early clues that, from a community support perspective, (i) the pairing of some technologies appear more challenging (e.g., questions mixing HLSL and MonoGame receive a relatively lower level of support); (ii) some concepts may be more difficult to handle conjointly (e.g., rotation and movement); and some technologies may prove more challenging to use to address a given concept (e.g., Java for 3D). Our findings provide insights to video game developers on the topics and challenges they might encounter and highlight tool selection and integration for video game development as a promising research direction.
Performance of Selected South African Kaolinitic Clays for Limestone Calcined Clay Cement
Authors: Babafemi Adewumi John , Knobel Hendrick , Kolawole John Temitope , Oyebanjo Olaonipekun Moses , Bukalo Nenita Ntumba , Paul Suvash Chandra , Miah Md Jihad
Published: October 2022

Limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) has considerable potential for large-scale implementation. We investigated three selected kaolinitic clays at different locations in South Africa. LC3 mortars were compared to Portland cement mortar as control, particularly the hydration phase mineralogy/content, microstructure, compressive strength, and 3D void structure. The investigation indicated that similar pozzolanic oxide (SiO2 + Al2O3) could be obtained from calcined clay of varied kaolinite content. While kaolinite content improves the pozzolanic activity, consistency, and compressive strength of the mortar, the void refinement at the microscale depends on the degree of limestone filling/hydration. The hydration phase contents, microstructure, mineralogy, and porosity of the processed kaolinitic clays were determined to be adequate. However, it is noted that the intrinsic content of limestone (and gypsum) in commercially available Portland cement should be considered for equivalent clinker, limestone, and gypsum contents of 50%, 15%, and 5%, respectively.
Glove Prototype for Feature Extraction Applied to Learning by Demonstration Purposes
Authors: Cerqueira Tiago , Ribeiro Francisco M. , Pinto Vítor H. , Lima José , Gonçalves Gil
Published: October 2022

This article focuses on a sensorial glove prototype capable of acquiring hand motion and estimating its pose. The presented solution features twelve inertial measurement units (IMUs) to track hand orientation. The sensors are attached to a glove to decrease the project cost. The system also focuses on sensor fusion algorithms for the IMUs and further implementations, presenting the algebraic quaternion algorithm (AQUA), used because of its modularity and intuitive implementation. An adaptation of a human hand model is proposed, explaining its advantages and its limitations. Considering that the calibration is a very important process in gyroscope performance, the online and offline calibration data was analyzed, pointing out its challenges and improvements. To better visualize the model and sensors a simulation was conducted in Unity.
Real-Time Prediction Model of Carbon Content in RH Process
Authors: Heo Jeongheon , Kim Tae-Won , Jung Soon-Jong , Han Soohee
Published: October 2022

In the Ruhrstahl–Heraeus (RH) vacuum degassing process, we propose a real-time prediction model for the carbon content in molten steel, and show that the decarburization endpoint can be accurately determined using this model. Firstly, we applied a novel off-gas analyzer that can measure the carbon oxide concentration produced in the decarburization reaction faster and more accurately. Next, we generate decarburization curves using the off-gas components measured by the new analyzer. The decarburization curve describes the carbon content profile well during operation, and shows good agreement with the actual carbon content. In order to predict the carbon content during operation in real time, we create an artificial neural network (ANN) using the decarburization curves and operation data. By comparing the endpoint carbon content measured at the end of the operation with the predicted values, we confirmed the excellent predictive performance of the ANN model. Finally, we show that it is possible to accurately determine the decarburization endpoint using the prediction model. We expect that the proposed real-time prediction model can increase the productivity of the RH process.
TrojanDetector: A Multi-Layer Hybrid Approach for Trojan Detection in Android Applications
Authors: Ullah Subhan , Ahmad Tahir , Buriro Attaullah , Zara Nudrat , Saha Sudipan
Published: October 2022

Trojan Detection—the process of understanding the behaviour of a suspicious file has been the talk of the town these days. Existing approaches, e.g., signature-based, have not been able to classify them accurately as Trojans. This paper proposes TrojanDetector—a simple yet effective multi-layer hybrid approach for Trojan detection. TrojanDetector analyses every downloaded application and extracts and correlates its features on three layers (i.e., application-, user-, and package layer) to identify it as either a benign application or a Trojan. TrojanDetector adopts a hybrid approach, combining static and dynamic analysis characteristics, for feature extraction from any downloaded application. We have evaluated our scheme on three publicly available datasets, namely (i) CCCS- CIC-AndMal-2020, (ii) Cantagio-Mobile, and (iii) Virus share, by using simple yet state-of-the-art classifiers, namely, random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), and logistic regression (LR) in binary—class settings. SVM outperformed its counterparts and attained the highest accuracy of 96.64%. Extensive experimentation shows the effectiveness of our proposed Trojan detection scheme.
Classification and Causes Identification of Chinese Civil Aviation Incident Reports
Authors: Jiao Yang , Dong Jintao , Han Jingru , Sun Huabo
Published: October 2022

Safety is a primary concern for the civil aviation industry. Airlines record high-frequency but potentially low-severity unsafe events, i.e., incidents, in their reports. Over the past few decades, civil aviation security practitioners have made efforts to analyze these issues. The information in incident reports is valuable for risk analysis. However, incident reports were inefficiently utilized due to incoherence, large volume, and poor structure. In this study, we proposed a technical scheme to intelligently classify and extract risk factors from Chinese civil aviation incident reports. Firstly, we adopted machine learning classifiers and vectorization strategies to classify incident reports into 11 categories. Grid search was used to adjust the parameters of the classifier. In the preliminary experiment, the combination of the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) classifier and the occurrence position (OC-POS) vectorization strategy outperformed with an 0.85 weighted F1-score. In addition, we designed a rule-based system to identify the factors related to the occurrence of incidents from 25 empirical causes, which included equipment, human, environment, and organizational causes. For cause identification, we used rules obtained through manual analysis with keywords and discourse. F1-score above 0.90 was obtained on the test set using the causes identification model derived from the training set. The proposed system permits insights into unsafe factors in aviation incidents and prevents reoccurrence. Future works can proceed on this study, such as exploring the causal relationship between causes and incidents.
A Machine Learning-Based Model for Epidemic Forecasting and Faster Drug Discovery
Authors: Stergiou Konstantinos D. , Minopoulos Georgios M. , Memos Vasileios A. , Stergiou Christos L. , Koidou Maria P. , Psannis Konstantinos E.
Published: October 2022

Today, healthcare system models should have high accuracy and sensitivity so that patients do not have a misdiagnosis. For this reason, sufficient knowledge of the area is required, with the medical staff being able to validate the correctness of their decisions. Therefore, artificial intelligence (AI) in combination with other emerging technologies could provide many benefits in the medical sector. In this paper, we demonstrate the combination of Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing (CC) with AI-related techniques such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and neural networks (NN) in order to provide a useful approach for scientists and doctors. Our proposed model makes use of these immersive technologies so as to provide epidemic forecasting and help accelerate drug and antibiotic discovery.
An Under-Sampling Array Signal Processing Method Based on Improved Hadamard Matrix
Authors: Sun Tongjing , Ge Qidong , Wen Yabin , Guo Yunfei , Li Mingda
Published: October 2022

The compressive sensing method is an effective way of under-sampling array signal processing, and the measurement matrix is a key technology of compressive sensing processing, which is of decisive significance to improve the performance of under-sampling array signal processing. In this paper, an under-sampling array signal processing method based on an improved Hadamard measurement matrix was proposed. This method improved the construction of the measurement matrix by a compressing zero method capable of reducing the redundant data, enhancing the non-correlation between columns, improving the RIP condition, and improving the performance of the compressive sensing method. The performance was verified by simulation and real data from the lake, and the results showed that the method proposed in this paper has obvious performance advantages compared with the Toeplitz Circular Matrix, the m-sequence-based matrix, and the partial Hadamard matrix under the same conditions.
Ballet and the Renegotiation of Identity among Jewish Orthodox Women in Israel
Authors: Ross Janice L.
Published: October 2022

This article explores how competing images of Jewish corporeality and gendered identity are emerging in Israel through classical ballet by religious girls and women. It traces the cultural, political, and religious implications of this in the context of masculine Zionist ideals of the valorization of the corporeal. Focusing on a group of pioneering Israeli women it traces how they have reshaped the study of ballet into a liberatory yet modest practice for Orthodox women across a range of Israeli religious communities. The revolutionary efforts that linked the founding of the state of Israel with a new body are viewed through a revised feminist perspective, one within the paradigm of a religious counterrevolution. Just as the laboring body of the secular folk dancer of the Yishuv has stood for socialism, egalitarianism, and muscular Judaism while relegating the religious body to the sidelines, it is possible now to read an image of the return of the religious, via the feminized body of classical ballet, as emblematic of the new Jewish woman of Orthodox communities. I argue that through the study of ballet a politics of piety is operating among Orthodox Jewish women making it a medium through which they are changing assumptions about agency, patriarchal norms, and nationalist politics.
Model the Relationship of NH3 Emission with Attributing Factors from Rice Fields in China: Ammonia Mitigation Potential Using a Urease Inhibitor
Authors: Sha Zhipeng , Ma Xin , Wang Jingxia , Li Yunzhe , Xu Wen , Tang Aohan , Goulding Keith , Liu Xuejun
Published: October 2022

Substantial ammonia (NH3) losses from rice production result in poor nitrogen (N) use efficiency and environmental damage. A data synthesis using the published literature (127 studies with 700 paired observations), combined with an incubation experiment using 50 paddy soils from across China, were conducted to improve the current understanding of the NH3 loss from paddy rice and its drivers. The efficacy of the urease inhibitor Limus® for reducing NH3 losses was also evaluated. The mean loss of N, through NH3 volatilization, was 16.2% of the urea-N applied to paddy rice. The largest losses were from double rice cropping systems, and losses increased with the N application rate, surface application of N, unstable N types (ammonium bicarbonate and urea), and high floodwater pH. Under simulated flooded conditions, urea amended with Limus® reduced NH3 loss by 36.6%, compared to urea alone, but floodwater pH had a significant effect on inhibitor efficacy. Key driving factors were air temperature, N application rate, and floodwater pH. The effectiveness and limitations of the inhibitor in NH3 emission mitigation was examined, as well as its basis as one means of N pollution control in paddy rice cropping systems.
Recent Developments in MaMFIS Technology for the Production of Highly Charged Ions
Authors: Ovsyannikov Vladimir P. , Nefiodov Andrei V. , Ramzdorf Alexander Yu. , Levin Aleksandr A.
Published: October 2022

We present results for the production of highly charged ions in a rippled electron beam propagating in a multi-section drift tube with different electrostatic potentials in an axial magnetic focusing field. The inner-shell ionization of target atoms by electron impact occurs in local ion traps formed at the electron-beam crossovers. The utmost electron current density achieved is assessed at ~10 kA/cm2. The successive ionization of cathode materials and working substances such as xenon and bismuth was investigated as a function of the confinement time. The characteristic X-ray radiation from ions including Ir62+, Ce48+, Xe46+, and Bi60+ was detected. It is shown that it is possible to extract highly charged ions from local ion traps for a certain geometry of the drift tube structure and a certain distribution of the electric potentials.
Stability Analysis of a Patchy Predator–Prey Model with Fear Effect
Authors: Liu Tingting , Chen Lijuan
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a predator–prey model with fear effect and dispersal is proposed. Assume that only the prey migrates at a constant rate between patches and the migration of prey on each patch is faster than the time scale of local predator–prey interaction. Using two time scales, an aggregation system of total prey density for two patches is constructed. Mathematical analysis shows that there may exist a trivial, a boundary and a unique positive equilibrium point. Under certain conditions, the corresponding unique equilibrium point is global asymptotically stable. The impact of the fear effect on the system is also investigated, i.e., the predator density decreases when the amount of fear effect increases. Moreover, dispersal has a great impact on the persistence of the predator and the prey. Numerical experiments are also presented to verify the feasibility of our conclusion.
Boundedness of Riesz Potential Operator on Grand Herz-Morrey Spaces
Authors: Sultan Babar , Azmi Fatima , Sultan Mehvish , Mehmood Mazhar , Mlaiki Nabil
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we introduce grand Herz–Morrey spaces with variable exponent and prove the boundedness of Riesz potential operators in these spaces.
Recommendation Algorithm Using SVD and Weight Point Rank (SVD-WPR)
Authors: Widiyaningtyas Triyanna , Ardiansyah Muhammad Iqbal , Adji Teguh Bharata
Published: October 2022

One of the most prevalent recommendation systems is ranking-oriented collaborative filtering which employs ranking aggregation. The collaborative filtering study recently applied the ranking aggregation that considers the weight point of items to achieve a more accurate recommended ranking. However, this algorithm suffers in the execution time with an increased number of items. Therefore, this study proposes a new recommendation algorithm that combines the matrix decomposition method and ranking aggregation to reduce the time complexity. The matrix decomposition method utilizes singular decomposition value (SVD) to predict the unrated items. The ranking aggregation method applies weight point rank (WPR) to obtain the recommended items. The experimental results with the MovieLens 100K dataset result in a faster running time of 13.502 s. In addition, the normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG) score increased by 27.11% compared to the WP-Rank algorithm.
Modified MRI Anonymization (De-Facing) for Improved MEG Coregistration
Authors: Bruña Ricardo , Vaghari Delshad , Greve Andrea , Cooper Elisa , Mada Marius O. , Henson Richard N.
Published: October 2022

Localising the sources of MEG/EEG signals often requires a structural MRI to create a head model, while ensuring reproducible scientific results requires sharing data and code. However, sharing structural MRI data often requires the face go be hidden to help protect the identity of the individuals concerned. While automated de-facing methods exist, they tend to remove the whole face, which can impair methods for coregistering the MRI data with the EEG/MEG data. We show that a new, automated de-facing method that retains the nose maintains good MRI-MEG/EEG coregistration. Importantly, behavioural data show that this “face-trimming” method does not increase levels of identification relative to a standard de-facing approach and has less effect on the automated segmentation and surface extraction sometimes used to create head models for MEG/EEG localisation. We suggest that this trimming approach could be employed for future sharing of structural MRI data, at least for those to be used in forward modelling (source reconstruction) of EEG/MEG data.
Impact of Age and Sex on Electrical Impedance Values in Healthy Oral Mucosa
Authors: Horvat Kristina , Richter Ivica , Vucelić Vesna , Gršić Krešimir , Leović Dinko , Škrinjar Ivana , Andabak Rogulj Ana , Velimir Grgić Marko , Brailo Vlaho
Published: October 2022

Background: Electrical impedance (EI) is a property of all living tissues and represents the resistance to the electric current flow through a living tissue. EI depends on the structure and chemical composition of the tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of age, sex, and electrode pressure on the EI values of healthy oral mucosa. The study involved 101 participants with healthy oral mucosa who were divided into three age groups. EI was measured in seven anatomical regions. Results: Significant differences between different age groups were found. Younger participants (20–40 years) had significantly higher EI values than the older participants (60+). Significantly higher EI values were found in women at all localisations at all measured frequencies, except on the hard palate. EI values measured with higher sub-pressure were significantly lower than values measured with lower sub-pressure at all frequencies and localisations, except the tongue dorsum, tongue border, and sublingual mucosa. Conclusions: This study found that EI values in healthy oral mucosa depend on age and sex and may also depend on the pressure of the measuring device. These factors should be kept in mind when EI is used as a diagnostic method for different oral lesions.
A Portable Servoregulation Controller to Automate CO2 Removal in Artificial Lungs
Authors: Shaikh Navid , Zhang Andrew , Jenter Jesse , Nikpreljevic Brandon , Toomasian John , Lynch William , Rojas-Peña Alvaro , Bartlett Robert H. , Potkay Joseph A.
Published: October 2022

Artificial lung (AL) systems provide respiratory support to patients with severe lung disease, but none can adapt to the changing respiratory needs of the patients. Precisely, none can automatically adjust carbon dioxide (CO2) removal from the blood in response to changes in patient activity or disease status. Because of this, all current systems limit patient comfort, activity level, and rehabilitation. A portable servoregulation controller that automatically modulates CO2 removal in ALs to meet the real-time metabolic demands of the patient is described. The controller is based on a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) based closed-loop feedback control system that modulates sweep gas (air) flow through the AL to maintain a target exhaust gas CO2 partial pressure (target EGCO2 or tEGCO2). The presented work advances previous research by (1) using gas-side sensing that avoids complications and clotting associated with blood-based sensors, (2) incorporating all components into a portable, battery-powered package, and (3) integrating smart moisture removal from the AL to enable long term operation. The performance of the controller was tested in vitro for ∼12 h with anti-coagulated bovine blood and 5 days with distilled water. In tests with blood, the sweep gas flow was automatically adjusted by the controller rapidly (<2 min) meeting the specified tEGCO2 level when confronted with changes in inlet blood partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) levels at various AL blood flows. Overall, the CO2 removal from the AL showed a strong correlation with blood flow rate and blood pCO2 levels. The controller successfully operated continuously for 5 days when tested with water. This study demonstrates an important step toward ambulatory AL systems that automatically modulate CO2 removal as required by lung disease patients, thereby allowing for physiotherapy, comfort, and activity.
Running Velocity and Longitudinal Bending Stiffness Influence the Asymmetry of Kinematic Variables of the Lower Limb Joints
Authors: Liu Qian , Chen Hairong , Song Yang , Alla Nykytiuk , Fekete Gusztáv , Li Jianpeng , Gu Yaodong
Published: October 2022

Running-related limb asymmetries suggest specific sports injuries and recovery circumstances. It is debatable if running speed affected asymmetry, and more research is required to determine how longitudinal bending stiffness (LBS) affected asymmetry. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of running velocity and LBS on kinematic characteristics of the hip, knee, ankle, metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP) and the corresponding asymmetry. Kinematic (200 Hz) running stance phase data were collected bilaterally for 16 healthy male recreational runners (age: 23.13 ± 1.17, height: 175.2 ± 1.6 cm, body mass: 75.7 ± 3.6 kg, BMI: 24.7 ± 1.3 kg/m2) running on a force plate at three different velocities (10, 12 and 14 km/h) and three increasing-LBS shoes in a randomized order. The symmetry angle (SA) was calculated to quantify gait asymmetry magnitude at each running velocity and LBS. Changes in running velocity and LBS led to differences in kinematic variables between the hip, knee, ankle and MTP (p < 0.05). Significant changes in SA caused by running velocity were found in the knee flexion angle (p = 0.001) and flexion angle peak velocity (p < 0.001), ankle plantarflexion angle (p = 0.001) and plantarflexion angle peak velocity (p = 0.043) and MTP dorsiflexion angle (p = 0.001) and dorsiflexion angle peak velocity (p = 0.019). A significant change in the SA caused by LBS was found in the MTP dorsiflexion peak angle velocity (p = 0.014). There were interaction effects between running velocity and LBS on the MTP plantarflexion angle (p = 0.033) and plantarflexion angle peak velocity (p = 0.038). These findings indicate the existence of bilateral lower limb asymmetry. Meanwhile, it was proved that running velocity and LBS can influence the asymmetry of lower limb joints. Additionally, there was an interaction between running velocity and LBS on the asymmetry of the lower limb. These findings can provide some information for sports injuries, such as metatarsal stress fractures and anterior cruciate ligament injuries. They can also provide some useful information for running velocities and running shoes.
Phylogenetic Analysis and Protein Modelling of Isoflavonoid Synthase Highlights Key Catalytic Sites towards Realising New Bioengineering Endeavours
Authors: Sajid Moon , Stone Shane R. , Kaur Parwinder
Published: October 2022

Isoflavonoid synthase (IFS) is a critical enzyme for the biosynthesis of over 2400 isoflavonoids. Isoflavonoids are an important class of plant secondary metabolites that have a range of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical properties. With growing interest in isoflavonoids from both research and industrial perspectives, efforts are being forwarded to enhance isoflavonoid production in-planta and ex-planta; therefore, in-silico analysis and characterisation of available IFS protein sequences are needed. The present study is the first-ever attempt toward phylogenetic analysis and protein modelling of available IFS protein sequences. Phylogenetic analysis has shown that IFS amino acid sequences have 86.4% pairwise identity and 26.5% identical sites, and the sequences were grouped into six different clades. The presence of a β-hairpin and extra loop at catalytic sites of Trifolium pratense, Beta vulgaris and Medicago truncatula, respectively, compared with Glycyrrhiza echinata are critical structural differences that may affect catalytic function. Protein docking highlighted the preference of selected IFS for liquiritigenin compared with naringenin and has listed T. pratense as the most efficient candidate for heterologous biosynthesis of isoflavonoids. The in-silico characterisation of IFS represented in this study is vital in realising the new bioengineering endeavours and will help in the characterisation and selection of IFS candidate enzymes for heterologous biosynthesis of isoflavonoids.
Bioremoval and Detoxification of the Anticancer Drug Mitoxantrone Using Immobilized Crude Versatile Peroxidase (icVP/Ba) Bjerkandera adusta CCBAS 930
Authors: Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk Kamila
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biodecolorization and detoxification of the anticancer drug mitoxantron (MTX) by immobilized crude versatile peroxidase of Bjerkandera adusta CCBAS 930 (icVP/Ba). The concentrated crude VP was obtained from B. adusta CCBAS 930 culture on medium with MTX (µg/mL) addition, immobilized with 4% sodium alginate. MTX removal degree (decolorization), levels of phenolic compounds and free radicals were determined during MTX biotransformation. Moreover, the phytotoxicity (Lepidium sativum L.), biotoxicity (multi-species microbial assay, MARA), and genotoxicity (SOS Chromotest) of MTX were evaluated before and after the biological treatment. The use of icVP/Ba (95 U/mL) significantly shortened the bioremoval of 10 µg/mL MTX (95.57% after 72 h). MTX removal by icVP/Ba was correlated with an 85% and 90% decrease in the levels of phenolic compounds and free radicals, respectively. In addition, the use of icVP/Ba contributed to a decrease in the phyto-, bio-, and genotoxicity of MTX. This is the first study to describe the possibility of removing MTX using immobilized crude fungal peroxidase.
Impact of Lidocaine on Pain-Related Grooming in Cuttlefish
Authors: Kuo Tzu-Hsin , Sneddon Lynne U. , Spencer Joseph W. , Chiao Chuan-Chin
Published: October 2022

Nociception is the neural process of encoding noxious stimuli and is typically accompanied by a reflex withdrawal response away from the potentially injurious stimulus. Studies on nociception in cephalopods have so far focused on octopus and squid, with no investigations to our knowledge on cuttlefish. Yet, these are an important species both in scientific and commercial use. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that a standard pain stimulus, acetic acid, induced grooming behaviour directed towards the injection site in cuttlefish and that the injection of lidocaine reduces grooming behaviours in acetic-acid-injected cuttlefish. Wound-directed behaviour demonstrates that the animal is aware of the damage; thus, when subjecting these animals to any painful treatments in the laboratory, researchers should consider alleviating pain by the administration of pain-relieving drugs.