bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Japanese youth athletes’ mental health and psychological resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yano Fumiaki , Nakata Yusuke , Niitsu Tomihisa , Iyo Masaomi
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to analyze Japanese youth athletes’ mental health and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the potential correlations between their demographic factors and mental health outcomes. Methods: Participants were recruited from a single high school with a student population encompassing national-level competitors (NCs), local-level competitors (LCs), and general students (i.e., others; OTs), aiming to reduce the impact of differences in environmental conditions affecting pandemic-related stress. In March 2021, the students completed an anonymous online survey comprising questions on demographics and COVID-19, as well as the following scales: Kessler 6 (K6), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the Resilience Scale. Differences and correlations among these groups’ scores were analyzed while controlling for covariates. Results: Of 1,022 students (51.3% girls), 22.3% were NCs, 38.6% were LCs, and 39.0% were OTs. NCs reported significantly lower scores on the K6, PHQ-9, and GAD-7, as well as significantly higher resilience scores, compared with LCs and OTs. Resilience scores had a significantly negative correlation with the K6, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 scores. Female gender, participation in cultural clubs, and indoor sports were factors associated with scores above the cut-off on each scale. COVID-19 testing, history of illness, and family history were not associated with any of the psychological evaluation measures. Conclusion: Based on responses to the self-reported questionnaires, NCs appear to have better mental health than their peers, while resilience has a potential association with improved mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Inner Obstacles and Goal-Directed Behaviors of Elite and Youth-Level Cyclists
Authors: Hirsch Anna , Bieleke Maik , Schüler Julia , Wolff Wanja
Published: December 2023

Abstract: As self-regulation is crucial in top-level performance, prior investigations aimed at studying the efficacy of the self-regulatory strategy of implementation intentions (i. e., if–then plans) in athletic performance. We investigated the inner obstacles (if) that athletes face in competitive situations and assessed the corresponding goal-directed behaviors (then) to design effective implementation intention theory-based interventions. We asked elite and youth-level cyclists (Study 1; N = 34; age: M = 23.7 ± 9.9 years) with a self-designed questionnaire and used a reworded version for assessing these research questions from a coach’s perspective (Study 2; N = 42; age: M = 50.2 ± 9.8 years). Dealing with demanding situations, pressure, and concentration were the most frequently named inner obstacles, while goal-directed behaviors were preparation, self-encouragement, relaxation (athletes), and concentration (coaches). The results highlight the emotional–psychological challenges that elite and youth-level cycling athletes face and provide insights for sport psychological research with implementation intentions.
Detecting Applicant Faking With a Context-Specific Overclaiming	Questionnaire
Authors: Diedenhofen Birk , Hoffmann Adrian , Aust Frederik , Müller Sascha
Published: December 2023

Abstract: In the context of personnel selection, self-reports are often biased by social desirability. For example, applicants may overstate their knowledge to make a good impression on a potential employer. Overclaiming questionnaires (OCQs) offer a means to assess whether applicants claim to have knowledge that they do not have. Previous studies evaluating whether OCQs are capable of detecting faking in personnel selection contexts reported mixed results but did not take the fit between the content of OCQ items and the selection context into account. In the present study, we therefore tailored an OCQ to the specific application context and compared its performance to that of Residualized Individual Change Scores (RICS), a competing measure of faking based on an achievement motivation questionnaire. A total of 123 participants first answered the OCQ and the motivational questionnaire in a control condition without application context. The two measures were then completed again as part of a mock application process, and participants were asked to honestly report their faking behavior afterward. Participants exhibited more overclaiming in the application context than in the control condition. The OCQ and RICS scores predicted participants’ self-reported faking with comparable accuracy. These results suggest that OCQs can compete with other measures of faking if their content is appropriately tailored to the application context.
Stoicism
Authors: Furnham Adrian , Robinson Charlotte
Published: December 2023

Abstract: This study examined stoicism as a coping style. Just over 500 people completed a new, short, multi-dimensional stoicism scale; a short measure of the Big Five (Bright-side personality); the PID-6BF which measures personality disorders along five dimensions (Dark-side personality), and various self-ratings. Analysis of the stoicism scale at both the domain and five facet levels showed that it was related to gender (males scored higher), education (graduates scored higher), trait Extraversion and Openness, as well as Detachment and Psychoticism. Regressions indicated that stoics were Closed-to-Experience, Introverted, and high on Detachment. There were many differences between the regression results onto the different factors. The adaptiveness of stoicism is discussed. Limitations are acknowledged.
Forced Versus Selective Exposure
Authors: Dahlgren Peter M.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. When people use social networking sites, they may be exposed to political content they have chosen (selective exposure) and content they have not chosen (forced exposure). Counter-attitudinal content that people have not chosen can provoke them to resist persuasion by counterarguing and disliking their political opponents. I test these assumptions by exposing participants to threatening and uncivil Facebook comments about refugee immigration consistent or inconsistent with their preferred choice (i.e., pro-attitudinal or counter-attitudinal exposure). Using a preregistered 2 × 3 × 2 quasi-randomized web survey experiment ( n = 2,514), the results indicate that people who are exposed to threatening and uncivil comments they have not chosen become angry and start to counterargue. However, they do not necessarily start to dislike their political opponents. This article contributes to discussions about affective polarization and psychological reactance. More specifically, social networking sites that try to expose users to opposing viewpoints by design, so that users are incidentally exposed to content they do not want to see, may unintentionally create hostility instead.
A New Highly Parameterized Linear Inversion of Water Table Change and Groundwater Depletion Rate Tested With the High Plains Aquifer, U.S.A.
Authors: Jiao Jianying , Zhang Ye , Befus Kevin M.
Published: December 2023

Understanding groundwater resource dynamics is limited by the sparsity of observations of water levels, pumping rates, and hydraulic properties relative to their spatiotemporal heterogeneity. To address some of this complexity, we proposed a new highly parameterized linear inverse method to quantify water table change and groundwater depletion rate in unconfined aquifers that does not require initial or boundary conditions. The method requires linearization, and we tested the performance of six proposed water table functions with three coordinate systems with synthetic models, finding that water table functions by the dimensionless method achieve the lowest errors. Our inverted water table changes and depletion rates remained stable and accurate with head measurement error of 5%. However, inversions became less accurate when head observations contained large temporal gaps. Next, we applied the inversion for water table changes and depletion rates in the Texas High Plains Aquifer (HPA) and the HPA during 2000–2015. To address sparse water levels and uncertain hydraulic conductivity measurements, two modifications were made to improve data constraints for inversion: (a) calculating winter‐time water levels for wells with >1 head observation by linear interpolation and (b) using hydraulic conductivity geostatistical realizations. The inverted water table change and depletion rate expected mean values and uncertainties were reasonable compared to the known pumping records of the Texas HPA. With relatively minor data curation, the new inverse method can quantify spatiotemporally continuous water table change, depletion rates, and their uncertainty for heterogeneous aquifers with temporally sparse and noisy water level observations.
Heatwave Duration and Heating Rate in a Non‐Stationary Climate: Spatiotemporal Pattern and Key Drivers
Authors: Chitsaz Fatemeh , Gohari Alireza , Najafi Mohammad Reza , Zareian Mohammad Javad , Haghighi Ali Torabi
Published: December 2023

Heatwaves have had adverse affects on human life, ecosystems, and society. Global warming is expected to heighten the characteristics of heatwaves such as severity, duration, and frequency. Therefore, understanding the evolution of heatwaves is a central issue in climate change research with high relevance for society. Establishing a proper threshold for issuing a heatwave can be one of the most important issues in heatwaves studies, however, fewer studies focused on characterizing and modeling a heatwave threshold according to non‐stationary behavior, local geographic and physiographic characteristics. We have developed an applicable probabilistic framework to explore the heatwave events with different durations by applying appropriate thresholds. In this study, the proposed framework was applied to define the nonstationary frequency analysis of heatwaves models to account for the temporal trend caused by climate variability and change across Iran. The results showed that shorter heatwaves odds have been intensified more over Iran while longer heatwaves have not changed substantially. We find a substantial increase in heatwave hazard across Iran with a 40‐year available daily record, collectively from 1977 to 2019. The spatial distribution of the best non‐stationary models confirms the temporal evolution of heatwaves features due to global warming over Iran.
The 3‐Week‐Long Transport History and Deep Tropical Origin of the 2021 Extreme Heat Wave in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Baier K. , Rubel M. , Stohl A.
Published: December 2023

The heat wave in late June of 2021 (PNW21) set new temperature records in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). In Lytton the highest temperature ever recorded in Canada was measured. Several studies have already explored this extreme event in detail, however, here we compare the atmospheric air mass transport and heating processes associated with this heat wave with the 34 other most extreme heat events in the same region during the period 1960–2021, using a long backtracking time of 25 days. We found significant differences in the heat waves. During PNW21 most of the air was coming from the Philippine Sea, with more than 40% of the air located south of 15°N, and anomalous advection of sensible and latent heat from the Tropics was the dominant cause of PNW21. The latent heat was efficiently converted into sensible heat by precipitation, which was unique, as most other extremes experienced net diabatic cooling.
Heterogeneous Diazotroph Communities in the Subtropical‐Subantarctic Transition and Aphotic Zones Off the Coast of Patagonia, Eastern South Pacific Ocean
Authors: Shiozaki Takuhei , Hirai Miho , Kondo Fumie , Sato Takuya , Sato Miyako , Iriarte José L. , Yokokawa Taichi , Nunoura Takuro , Harada Naomi
Published: December 2023

Subtropical‐subpolar transition water is a potential domain for N2 fixation, but the understanding of N2 fixation in such waters remains incomplete. We simultaneously examined the N2 fixation activity and community structures of diazotrophs and all prokaryotes from the surface to just above the seafloor off Patagonia in the transitional region of the eastern South Pacific Ocean. N2 fixation activity was not detected in the surface waters, but was observed sporadically and only in subpolar bathypelagic waters (>1,000 m) at very low rates (0.02–0.06 nmol N L−1 d−1). By contrast, the nifH gene, a key gene involved in N2 fixation, was detected widely from the surface to the bottom waters. The majority of diazotrophs were classified as non‐cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs), and the nifH amino acid sequences of major diazotrophs were similar to sequences detected in the Southern Ocean, the aphotic zone and sediment of other oceans, and estuarine waters, suggesting that the NCDs are distributed across diverse marine environments. The overall prokaryotic communities were generally similar to those in other open ocean regions at the phylum level (class level for Proteobacteria) and differed among water depths. Diazotrophs, in contrast, showed vertical and horizontal heterogeneity below the euphotic zone and little association with water depth, indicating a lack of cohesion within the community, which may characterize diazotroph community in the transitional surface water and aphotic zones. Elucidating this community heterogeneity may provide pivotal information about N2 fixation in these waters.
Strategies for the development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics in the post-pandemic period
Authors: Ao Danyi , He Xuemei , Liu Jian , Xu Li
Published: December 2023

The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in significant casualties and put immense strain on public health systems worldwide, leading to economic recession and social unrest. In response, various prevention and control strategies have been implemented globally, including vaccine and drug development and the promotion of preventive measures. Implementing these strategies has effectively curbed the transmission of the virus, reduced infection rates, and gradually restored normal social and economic activities. However, the mutations of SARS-CoV-2 have led to inevitable infections and reinfections, and the number of deaths continues to rise. Therefore, there is still a need to improve existing prevention and control strategies, mainly focusing on developing novel vaccines and drugs, expediting medical authorization processes, and keeping epidemic surveillance. These measures are crucial to combat the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and achieve sustained, long-term prevention, management, and disease control. Here, we summarized the characteristics of existing COVID-19 vaccines and drugs and suggested potential future directions for their development. Furthermore, we discussed the COVID-19-related policies implemented over the past years and presented some strategies for the future.
SLEEP quality in patients with psoriatic arthritis and its relationship with disease activity and comorbidities: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Toledano Esther , Hidalgo Cristina , Gómez-Lechón Luis , ibáñez Marta , Chacón Carolina Cristina , Martín-Vallejo Javier , Pastor Sonia , Montilla Carlos
Published: December 2023

The assessment of psoriatic arthritis is complex and multidimensional. It is increasingly common to include the patient perspective using patient-reported outcomes. Although some research has explored sleep quality in patients with psoriatic arthritis, most studies have had small sample sizes, failed to assess sleep quality considering the inflammatory process together with the psychological well-being of patients, and have not described any use of sleep medication. Further, research to date has not provided data on the relationship of sleep quality with axial forms. In this context, the objective of this study was to assess sleep quality in patients with psoriatic arthritis and its relationship with clinical characteristics, disease activity, functioning, disease impact, fatigue and psychological status. A cross-sectional study was conducted including 247 consecutive patients with PsA recruited during 2021. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. We assessed correlations of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score with peripheral disease activity (Disease Activity Index for PSoriatic Arthritis), axial disease activity (Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score-C-reactive protein and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index), functioning (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index and Health Assessment Questionnaire), impact (Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease questionnaire), anxiety, depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and fatigue (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue) scores. A multiple linear regression model was constructed with PSQI as the dependent variable and as independent variables those that could influence sleep quality. Nearly two-thirds (63.15%) of patients had poor sleep quality. Poorer sleep quality was associated with being female, higher joint counts, greater peripheral and axial disease activity, fatigue, anxiety and depression, functioning and disease impact (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis found that pain (β: 0.3; p < 0.007) and fatigue β: − 0.1; p < 0.001 contributed 40% to the sleep quality model. Poor sleep quality was common among patients with psoriatic arthritis. Emotional factors (fatigue, anxiety) seemed more important than inflammatory factors in sleep quality.
Physiological mechanism of sodium salicylate and folcisteine on alleviating salt stress in wheat seedlings
Authors: Han Aohui , Wang Cuiling , Li Jingchong , Xu Li , Guo Xiaoyan , Li Weiguo , Zhou Feng , Liu Runqiang
Published: December 2023

Soil salinization substantially hampers the growth and development of wheat, potentially leading to plant death in severe cases, thus reducing grain yield and quality. This phenomenon poses a significant threat to food security in China. We investigated the effects of two exogenous plant growth regulators, sodium salicylate and folcisteine, on the wheat physiology and key characteristics under salt stress using hydroponics method. The results indicated that both regulators effectively mitigated the growth inhibition of wheat under salt stress. We assessed morphological and physiological indexes, including antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], peroxidase [POD]) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in wheat after foliar application of sodium salicylate and folcisteine under salt stress. The findings revealed that sodium salicylate was more effective than folcisteine. However, folcisteine showed superior performance in reducing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and superoxide anion (O2−) level compared to sodium salicylate. Simultaneously, Concurrent application of both regulators synergistically enhanced their efficacy, yielding the most favorable outcomes. In addition, this study noted that while the initial effects of these regulators were not pronounced, their sustained application significantly improved wheat growth in stressful condition and alleviated the detrimental impacts of salt stress. This approach could effectively guarantee the food security and production in China.
Visualization of deglutition and gastroesophageal reflux using real-time MRI: a standardized approach to image acquisition and assessment
Authors: Biggemann Lorenz , Uhlig Johannes , Streit Ulrike , Al-Bourini Omar , Wedi Edris , Amanzada Ahmad , Ellenrieder Volker , Rühlmann Felix , Ghadimi Michael , Frahm Jens , Uecker Martin , Seif Amir Hosseini Ali
Published: December 2023

This study aims to develop a standardized algorithm for gastroesophageal image acquisition and diagnostic assessment using real-time MRI. Patients with GERD symptoms undergoing real-time MRI of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction between 2015 and 2018 were included. A 10 ml bolus of pineapple juice served as an oral contrast agent. Patients performed Valsalva maneuver to provoke reflux and hiatal hernia. Systematic MRI assessment included visual presence of achalasia, fundoplication failure in patients with previous surgical fundoplication, gastroesophageal reflux, and hiatal hernia. A total of 184 patients (n = 92 female [50%], mean age 52.7 ± 15.8 years) completed MRI studies without adverse events at a mean examination time of 15 min. Gastroesophageal reflux was evident in n = 117 (63.6%), hiatal hernia in n = 95 (52.5%), and achalasia in 4 patients (2.2%). Hiatal hernia was observed more frequently in patients with reflux at rest (n = 67 vs. n = 6, p < 0.01) and during Valsalva maneuver (n = 87 vs. n = 8, p < 0.01). Real-time MRI visualized a morphologic correlate for recurring GERD symptoms in 20/22 patients (90%) after fundoplication procedure. In a large-scale single-center cohort of patients with GERD symptoms undergoing real-time MRI, visual correlates for clinical symptoms were evident in most cases. The proposed assessment algorithm could aid in wider-spread utilization of real-time MRI and provides a comprehensive approach to this novel imaging modality.
Trends in the decapod crustacean community at the southernmost estuary of the Atlantic coast of Europe
Authors: González-Ortegón Enrique , de Carvalho-Souza Gustavo F. , Vilas Cesar , Baldó Francisco , Cuesta Jose A.
Published: December 2023

Climate change may enhance the establishment of introduced species, as well as the poleward shift in distribution of numerous species over decades. Long-term research and monitoring of an ecosystem at the southernmost point of the Atlantic coast of Europe should be an important priority in order to detect and understand trends in species composition and the related environmental changes. The Guadalquivir estuary (South West Spain) is more likely to suffer the exacerbated effects of climate change due to its location in the Mediterranean-climate zone. The long-term data set between 1997 and 2006 has allowed us to analyse the variability of the natural and anthropogenic stressors. The mean interannual dissimilarity of the estuarine fauna (Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index) has showed important differences throughout the years, and the species that most contributed to these differences were the exotic species capable of completing their life cycles. This long-term monitoring of the estuarine community has allowed us to anticipate future events and ecological risk assessment in European waters.
Detecting groundwater level changes related to the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake
Authors: Yamamoto Shun , Koike Katsuaki , Yamashiki Yosuke Alexandre , Shimada Jun
Published: December 2023

This study presented the first attempt to detect precursory changes in groundwater level before the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. This detection was achieved by accurately determining the relationship between long-term groundwater level fluctuation and crustal deformation over 16 years through analysis of groundwater level time-series data acquired at 17 sites within the study area. Here, we show that the observed groundwater levels were lower than the modelled levels in aquifers composed of porous strata (Togawa lava and part of the pre-Aso volcanic rocks), and that there were larger differences until 2014, which diminished until the occurrence of the Kumamoto Earthquake. The initial reduction in the modelled groundwater level and the latter recovery were most likely caused by crustal strain relaxation associated with the large 2011 earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tohoku (Mw 9.0) and the strain accumulation prior to the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake.
Using machine learning to forecast domestic homicide via police data and super learning
Authors: Verrey Jacob , Ariel Barak , Harinam Vincent , Dillon Luke
Published: December 2023

We explore the feasibility of using machine learning on a police dataset to forecast domestic homicides. Existing forecasting instruments based on ordinary statistical instruments focus on non-fatal revictimization, produce outputs with limited predictive validity, or both. We implement a “super learner,” a machine learning paradigm that incorporates roughly a dozen machine learning models to increase the recall and AUC of forecasting using any one model. We purposely incorporate police records only, rather than multiple data sources, to illustrate the practice utility of the super learner, as additional datasets are often unavailable due to confidentiality considerations. Using London Metropolitan Police Service data, our model outperforms all extant domestic homicide forecasting tools: the super learner detects 77.64% of homicides, with a precision score of 18.61% and a 71.04% Area Under the Curve (AUC), which, collectively and severely, are assessed as “excellent.” Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
Factors influencing the need and willingness for presbyopic correction: a cross sectional study from south India
Authors: Khurana Dhruval A. , Swathi N. , Rajalakshmi A. R.
Published: December 2023

Presbyopia is an age-related physiological phenomenon in which eye gradually losses its ability to accommodate. It is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide, especially in adults above the age of 40. If uncorrected, it can significantly impair a patient's quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the factors which affects patient’s need and willingness to accept presbyopic correction. This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in a semi urban tertiary care hospital from Jan 2021 to June 2022 among patients aged 40 and above who presented to Outpatient department (OPD). Demographic details, medical history, presenting ocular complaints pertaining to presbyopia, spectacle use and decision regarding using near vision correction were noted. Ocular examination included refraction and ocular biometry. Factors that may have influenced complaints of presbyopia or willingness to accept presbyopic correction were analysed. Three hundred and forty two patients with a mean age of 48.55 ± 6.68 years were included. Of these, 262 (76.61%) patients presented with chief complaints related to presbyopia. Those with higher educational qualification (p = 0.031), hypermetropia (p = 0.021), shallower AC depth (p = 0.028) and on medications for systemic ailments (p = 0.01), were more likely to present with chief complaints attributable to presbyopia. Among them, those with higher educational qualifications (p = 0.02) and skilled workers were more likely to accept near vision glasses (p = 0.02), while those with lower Hb (p = 0.01) and myopia (p = 0.01) were less likely to accept correction for presbyopia. Among the 80 patients without chief complaints related to presbyopia, 35 (43.75%) were not willing to accept near vision glasses. Those with higher BMI (p = 0.04) and hypermetropes (p = 0.05) were more willing to accept presbyopic correction. Presbyopia constitutes a significant reason for patients above the age of 40 visiting eye care facility. Multiple socio-economic, systemic and ocular factors influenced both the chief complaints related to presbyopia and willingness to accept presbyopic correction.
Using machine learning model explanations to identify proteins related to severity of meibomian gland dysfunction
Authors: Storås Andrea M. , Fineide Fredrik , Magnø Morten , Thiede Bernd , Chen Xiangjun , Strümke Inga , Halvorsen Pål , Galtung Hilde , Jensen Janicke L. , Utheim Tor P. , Riegler Michael A.
Published: December 2023

Meibomian gland dysfunction is the most common cause of dry eye disease and leads to significantly reduced quality of life and social burdens. Because meibomian gland dysfunction results in impaired function of the tear film lipid layer, studying the expression of tear proteins might increase the understanding of the etiology of the condition. Machine learning is able to detect patterns in complex data. This study applied machine learning to classify levels of meibomian gland dysfunction from tear proteins. The aim was to investigate proteomic changes between groups with different severity levels of meibomian gland dysfunction, as opposed to only separating patients with and without this condition. An established feature importance method was used to identify the most important proteins for the resulting models. Moreover, a new method that can take the uncertainty of the models into account when creating explanations was proposed. By examining the identified proteins, potential biomarkers for meibomian gland dysfunction were discovered. The overall findings are largely confirmatory, indicating that the presented machine learning approaches are promising for detecting clinically relevant proteins. While this study provides valuable insights into proteomic changes associated with varying severity levels of meibomian gland dysfunction, it should be noted that it was conducted without a healthy control group. Future research could benefit from including such a comparison to further validate and extend the findings presented here.
Advancements in hydrogel-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a review
Authors: Liu Ye , Huang Jinjian , Li Sicheng , Li Ze , Chen Canwen , Qu Guiwen , Chen Kang , Teng Yitian , Ma Rui , Wu Xiuwen , Ren Jianan
Published: December 2023

Application of hydrogel-based DDSs for the treatment of IBD.
Correction: Association between low-sodium salt intervention and long-term blood pressure changes is modified by ENaC genetic variation: a gene–diet interaction analysis in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sun Hao , Zhou Ying , Jiang Shuyi , Zhao Dan , Li Huamin , Lu Yue , Ma Bing , Zhou Bo
Published: December 2023

Correction for ‘Association between low-sodium salt intervention and long-term blood pressure changes is modified by ENaC genetic variation: a gene–diet interaction analysis in a randomized controlled trial’ by Hao Sun et al., Food Funct., 2023, 14, 9782–9791, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3FO02393A.
Acetate ion-intercalated NiCo-LDH with quasi-theoretical capacitance for high energy/power density aqueous supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Guanwen , Meng Yu , Chi Chunlei , Liu Zheng
Published: December 2023

One-step solvothermal method is used to produce Ni0.7Co0.3-LDH intercalated with acetate. The incorporation of Co and acetate regulates pore size distribution and heterogeneous electron configuration, facilitating ion diffusion and redox activity.
Toroidal micelles formed in viscoelastic aqueous solutions of a double-tailed surfactant with two quaternary ammonium head groups
Authors: Lin Zhengrong , Li Hongye , Zhang Jinpeng , Pei Xiaomei , Chen Zhao , Cui Zhenggang , Song Binglei
Published: December 2023

A double-tailed surfactant with two quaternary ammonium head groups forms toroidal micelles, wormlike micelles and vesicles in aqueous solutions. The viscoelasticity of the solution can be significantly enhanced by adding inorganic salts.
Two‐stage architectural fine‐tuning for neural architecture search in efficient transfer learning
Authors: Park Soohyun , Son Seok Bin , Lee Youn Kyu , Jung Soyi , Kim Joongheon
Published: December 2023

In many deep neural network (DNN) applications, the difficulty of gathering high‐quality data in industry fields hinders the practical use of DNN. Thus, the concept of transfer learning (TL) has emerged, which leverages the pretrained knowledge of the DNN which was built based on large‐scale datasets. For this TL objective, this paper suggests two‐stage architectural fine‐tuning for reducing the costs and time while exploring the most efficient DNN model, inspired by neural architecture search (NAS). The first stage is mutation, which reduces the search costs using a priori architectural information. Moreover, the next stage is early‐stopping, which reduces NAS costs by terminating the search process in the middle of computation. The data‐intensive experimental results verify that the proposed method outperforms benchmarks.
The effect of pressure-anisotropy-driven kinetic instabilities on magnetic field amplification in galaxy clusters
Authors: Rappaz Y. , Schober J.
Published: December 2023

Context. The intracluster medium (ICM) is the low-density diffuse gas that fills the space between galaxies within galaxy clusters. It is primarily composed of magnetized plasma, which reaches virial temperatures of up to 108 K, probably due to mergers of subhalos. Under these conditions, the plasma is weakly collisional and therefore has an anisotropic pressure tensor with respect to the local direction of the magnetic field. This triggers very fast, Larmor-scale, pressure-anisotropy-driven kinetic instabilities that alter magnetic field amplification.

Aims. We aim to study magnetic field amplification through a turbulent, small-scale dynamo, including the effects of the kinetic instabilities, during the evolution of a typical massive galaxy cluster. A specific aim of this work is to establish a redshift limit from which a dynamo has to start to amplify the magnetic field up to equipartition with the turbulent velocity field at redshift z = 0.

Methods. We implemented one-dimensional radial profiles for various plasma quantities for merger trees generated with the modified GALFORM algorithm. We assumed that turbulence is driven by successive mergers of dark matter halos and constructed effective models for the Reynolds number Reeff dependence on the magnetic field in three different magnetization regimes (unmagnetized, magnetized “kinetic”, and magnetized “fluid”), including the effects of kinetic instabilities. The magnetic field growth rate is calculated for the different Reeff models.

Results. The model results in a higher magnetic field growth rate at higher redshift. For all scenarios considered in this study, to reach equipartition at z = 0, it is sufficient for the amplification of the magnetic field to start at redshift zstart ≈ 1.5 and above. The time to reach equipartition can be significantly shorter in cases with systematically smaller turbulent forcing scales and for the highest Reeff models.

Conclusions. The origin of magnetic fields in the weakly collisional ICM can be explained by the small-scale turbulent dynamo, provided that the dynamo process starts beyond a given redshift. Merger trees are useful tools for studying the evolution of magnetic fields in weakly collisional plasmas, and could also be used to constrain the different stages of the dynamo that could potentially be observed by future radio telescopes.
Factors Affecting Stunting among Toddlers: A Case Study in West Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Fauziah L.M. , Ihsan F.N. , Sisthannisa R. , Pangesti L.V. , Nugroho T.S. , Putri R.F.
Published: December 2023

West Nusa Tenggara Province is one of the regions in Indonesia with high stunting cases. Stunting is influenced by various factors. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence the incidence of stunting for toddlers 0-59 months in West Nusa Tenggara Province. Analysis of factors that influence stunting is seen from the average length of schooling, age of first marriage, poverty, health facilities, and sanitation in an area. Data collection was carried out through literature studies obtained from publications and websites of West Nusa Tenggara government agencies. Data analysis is performed with a simple linear regression test using the SPSS application. The results show that factors such as education level and poverty had a significant effect on stunting cases. Meanwhile, factors such as the age of first marriage, health facilities and access to proper sanitation are not risk factors for the high number of stunting in West Nusa Tenggara Province. These show that in West Nusa Tenggara Province there is a need for increased education, increased community communication, in addition, increased enforcement of rules regarding early marriage and policies that support public health, especially improving nutrition and the environment, need to be carried out.
The Correlation Between Knowledge and Earthquake Preparedness Level Based on Implementation of Disaster Curriculum at Senior High School 2 Klaten
Authors: Setianingsih Dewi , Utami Sri , Nur’aini Itsna
Published: December 2023

Klaten Regency is a region with high susceptibility to earthquakes because of the geological rock and soil type have not been consolidated, thus increasing the risk due to earthquakes. Disaster education is needed to minimize the risks caused by earthquakes. Senior High School 2 Klaten has implemented disaster curriculum since 2010, so an analysis related to knowledge and earthquake preparedness is needed. The study aims to identify the level of disaster knowledge, preparedness, and analyze the correlation between both of them at Senior High School 2 Klaten. This research uses mix method. Data sourced from questionnaires and indepth interviews. The sample of this research were 29 students of SHS 2 Klaten. While the key informants were the teacher in charge of Swaliba program and also geography teachers. The questionnaire data were analyzed using the Likert scale method to identify the level of disaster knowledge and preparedness for earthquakes. Analysis of the correlation between knowledge and preparedness using the Spearman Rank correlation method. The results showed the level of disaster knowledge, preparedness, and the correlation between both of them at Senior High School 2 Klaten.
Soil Infiltration Mapping in the Eastern Part of Mijen Sub-District, Semarang City, Indonesia
Authors: Dwisaputra Endra , Budianta Wawan , Hendratno Agus
Published: December 2023

The increase in population every year will encourage changes in land use from previously green open land to an infrastructure. Changes in land use can alter the condition of existing water infiltration areas. Those changes can cause the land to become impermeable and can increase the potential for surface runoff which can cause floods and landslides. Therefore, a research was carried out on the criticality level of water infiltration areas in the eastern part of Mijen Sub-district, Semarang City with the goal of knowing the criticality level of the water infiltration area and its distribution. This research was conducted by collecting primary data in the form of lithology and soil type by mapping and sampling directly in the field, as well as secondary data in the form of land use and slope which were then verified in the field and analyzed using ArcGIS software. The data collected then analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method by weighing each parameter and subparameter. The parameter used are soil type, land use, slope, and lithology, each of which is divided into several subparameter that will reflect land characteristics. Then the final score for each land characteristic can be calculated from the results of the final weighting of parameters and subparameters. From the final score obtained, all data is then overlaid and classified into several criticality level of water infiltration area to obtain a map of the criticality level of the water infiltration areas. The research area’s criticality level of the water infiltration area can be devided into six condition with it’s distribution, that is good (23,8%), naturally normal (19%), started to be critical (37,4%), slightly critical (6,6%), critical (8,5%), and very critical (4,6%). From the results of this research, it is hoped that it can be a base data and recommendations for maintaining and restoring the criticality of water infiltration areas in the eastern part of Mijen Sub-district.
Selective Production of Gasoline Fuel Blendstock from Methanol using a Metal-doped HZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst
Authors: Smarte Anekwe Ifeanyi Michael , Oboirien Bilainu , Isa Yusuf Makarfi
Published: December 2023

The increasing demand for substitutes for petroleum has become a global concern due to the looming petroleum crisis and the need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. This study seeks a viable approach for converting methanol into petrochemicals and fuel-range hydrocarbons. A ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst was synthesised and modified with 0.5 wt% transition metals (Co and Ni) to improve selectivity towards the desired liquid product (gasoline) in the methanol-to-hydrocarbon (MTH) conversion. The synthesised catalyst was characterised using various techniques. The catalysts were further evaluated for methanol conversion into fuels and petrochemicals (BTX) under varying weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) (7 and 12 h-1) at 350 oC. Results showed that the synthesised catalyst exhibited characteristic features of a typical MFI framework of a zeolite catalyst. The catalyst evaluation results revealed that changes in operating conditions affected product distribution. A WHSV of 12 h-¹ favoured the production of gasoline range hydrocarbons (C5-C12) with a yield of over 80 % for all catalysts. In addition, C12+ hydrocarbons were produced with a selectivity of 12.6 %, 0.7 % and 7.5 % for Ni-doped, Co-doped and HZSM-5 catalysts, respectively. In particular, the Co-doped catalyst showed a 7.1 % higher BTX yield under these specific operating conditions (12 h-1 and 350 oC). Compared to 7 h-1, increasing the WHSV to 12 h-1 favoured the production of liquid hydrocarbons. Incorporating a small amount of transition metal into the parent catalyst improved the selectivity of the target products and overall liquid hydrocarbon yield. The results concluded that the synthesised catalyst is promising for the MTH process, and catalytic performance can be enhanced by metal modification and optimising reaction conditions to improve biofuel production.
Increasing the efficiency of solving linear programming problems when solving systems of partial derivative differential equations using the control point method
Authors: Kler Aleksandr M. , Epishkin Nikolai O.
Published: December 2023

The paper discusses the basic principles of the control point method, which reduces the solution of a linear system of partial differential equations to the solution of a linear programming (LP) problem. An analysis of various methods for solving LP problems is given and it is shown that the most suitable for the problems under consideration is the interior point method with unconditional sequential minimizations of the logarithmic penalty function. Moreover, with a large dimension of the LP problem, the main costs of computer time are associated with solving systems of linear algebraic equations (SLAE) that determine the direction of descent in Newton’s method, used for unconditional minimization. A structural approach is proposed to the formation of optimized parameters of the LP problem and the organization of the solution of SLAE, in which the solution of SLAE of large dimension is reduced to the inversion of square matrices and the solution of SLAE of much smaller dimensions, which radically reduces the cost of computer time both for solving the SLAE and the LP problem.
Key defining features of establishing and operating industrial and citizen energy communities
Authors: Popova Ekaterina , Tomin Nikita , Shakirov Vladislav , Yang Dechang
Published: December 2023

The aggregation of end-users who produce, consume, and exchange surplus energy within the borders of a shared geographical area manifests a new way of using renewable energy as represented by Energy Communities (EC). At that, both industrial and "residential" community microgrids can be such consumers, which act as a single controlled object in relation to the external power grid. The reasons and objectives of prosumers joining their forces to form an EC differ depending on their predominant type and nature (industrial enterprises, residential buildings, farms, etc.). These include consumers' need for energy autonomy, lowering of otherwise high electricity tariffs, improvement of energy supply resilience and reliability, minimization of urban pollutant emissions, more efficient use of renewable energy sources, etc. This study relies on a general methodology developed by the authors to assess key defining features of the establishing and operating ECs of industrial and community microgrids serving residential loads. We demonstrate how methods of multi-criteria decisionmaking and artificial intelligence can take into account these features in an efficient way so as to maximize the local and system-wide effects of different types of ECs.
An integrated approach to energy saving of buildings with wear
Authors: Solomonov Mikhail P.
Published: December 2023

The specific costs of thermal energy approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 306 in buildings with wear and tear do not cover the actual costs. Building owners resist the installation of meters, preferring to pay according to the standard. In the North, the state is forced to reimburse the actual costs of heat supply organizations for fuel. The regulator requires automated systems for rationing the consumption of thermal energy for each heat consumer object in accordance with the thermal characteristics of this object in this area. The relevance of the work is associated with significant subsidies from the regional budget for heating and the need for a regulator to monitor each heated object. The article substantiates a new increased standard of thermal energy consumption for use in buildings with high wear. As well as automation of regulation of heating costs for each individual object.
Renewable energy and prospects for decarbonising the Asian Russia
Authors: Kryukov Valeriy , Gorbacheva Natalya , Suslov Nikita
Published: December 2023

Decarbonisation of energy system has many reasons and climate change remains the key factor for transition from conventional to renewable sources of energy. The Asian part of Russia is closely connected with the Arctic and global agenda on climate change makes it urgent to seek the balance between abundant conventional sources of energy in Siberia and renewables, which have obtained a great technical potential. According to our study, establishing voluntary carbon markets and green certificates in Russia stimulate for penetration of renewables in Siberia.
Thresholds of energy security metrics: their purpose and assessment techniques
Authors: Kononov Yuri , Kononov Dmitrii
Published: December 2023

The study discusses the issue of enhancing the validity of projections of energy sector development by properly accounting for the effect of available options on energy security. To this end, it is possible to use a single overall index that measures the degree of deviation of individual energy security metrics from their threshold values. We detail different ways of calculating maximum allowable values of individual metrics. The study also provides the results of modeled calculations. We argue that any indicator-based analysis of thresholds should be preceded by an assessment of strategic energy security threats and identification of the stability range for the dynamics of key projected indicators.
Specific features of the decarbonization measures in the energy sector in off-grid remote territories of Russia’s eastern regions
Authors: Ivanova Irina Yu , Saneev Boris G. , Gubiy Elena V. , Maysyuk Elena P. , Tatiana F. Tuguzova
Published: December 2023

The study addresses the specific features of energy systems to formulate the activities for low-carbon energy development in off-grid and remote areas of the East of the Russian Federation. The analysis involved focuses on the quantity, type, capacity of energy sources, electricity and heat generation, type and volume of fuel burned. The ranges of fuel price indicators and economically justified electric and thermal energy rates are identified. Based on the analysis of the energy technologies used, it was concluded that the carbon intensity of the electrical and thermal energy production is high. Liquefied natural gas should be considered as the main alternative fuel for these territories. The most acceptable low-carbon technologies for large industrial consumers are nuclear and hydrogen ones, for municipal customers are those based on renewable energy sources.