bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactions between the gut microbiome, associated metabolites and the manifestation and progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in ZSF1 rats
Authors: Guivala Salmina José , Bode Konrad Alexander , Okun Jürgen Günther , Kartal Ece , Pohl Luca Valentina , Werner Sarah , Erbs Sandra , Thiele Holger , Büttner Petra
Published: March 2024

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with systemic inflammation, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and gut microbiome changes. Increased trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels are predictive for mortality in HFpEF. The TMAO precursor trimethylamine (TMA) is synthesized by the intestinal microbiome, crosses the intestinal barrier and is metabolized to TMAO by hepatic flavin-containing mono-oxygenase 3 (FMO3). The intricate interactions of microbiome alterations and TMAO in relation to HFpEF manifestation and progression are analyzed here.
Methods: Healthy lean (L-ZSF1, n=12) and obese ZSF1 rats with HFpEF (O-ZSF1, n=12) were studied. HFpEF was confirmed by transthoracic echocardiography and detection of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). TMAO, amino acids and carnitine were measured using mass-spectroscopy. The intestinal epithelial barrier was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and in-vitro impedance measurements. Hepatic FMO3 quantity was determined by Western blot. The fecal microbiome after 8, 13 and 20 weeks was assessed using 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing.
Results: Increased levels of TMAO, carnitine (+46%) and the cardiac stress marker NT-proBNP (+25%) as well as a pronounced amino acid imbalance were observed in obese rats with HFpEF. Anatomy and zonula occludens protein density in the intestinal epithelium remained unchanged, but endothelial barrier function was impaired in O-ZSF1. FMO3 was decreased by 20% in the histologically normal livers of O-ZSF1. Alpha diversity, as indicated by the Shannon diversity index, was comparable at eight weeks of age, but decreased when HFpEF manifested in O-ZSF1 at 13 weeks of age. Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (Beta-Diversity) was shown to be effective in differentiating L-ZSF1 from O-ZSF1 at 20 weeks of age. Members of the microbial families Lactobacillaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Lachnospiraceaewere significantly differentially abundant in O-ZSF1 and L-ZSF1 rats.
Conclusions: In the ZSF1 HFpEF rat model, increased dietary intake is associated with alterations in gut microbiome composition and bacterial metabolites, an impaired intestinal barrier, and changes in pro-inflammatory and health-predictive metabolic profiles. HFpEF as well as its most common comorbidities obesity and metabolic syndrome and the alterations described here evolve in parallel and are likely to be interrelated and mutually reinforcing. Dietary adaption may have a positive impact on all entities.
Molecular phylogeny elucidates the taxonomy of Indian Dipcadi Medik. (Asparagaceae) and reveal a new species from the bank of Hiranyakeshi River, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Shelke Priya , Tamboli Asif , Surveswaran Siddharthan , Yadav Shrirang , Choo Y-S , Pak J , Lekhak Manoj
Published: March 2024

Dipcadi (Scilloideae: Asparagaceae) is a genus of bulbous monocots with about 40 species. Species delimitation within the genus has been troublesome hindering a comprehensive phylogenetics. The most recent phylogeny (of Ornithogaloideae) by Martínez-Azorín et al. (2011) includes six species of Dipcadi but none is from India. Here, we reconstructed the phylogeny of Ornithogaloideae by including 23 accessions of Indian Dipcadi species. The phylogenetic analyses were based on nucleotide sequences of three plastid regions (rbcL, matK and trnL-F spacer) and one nuclear region (ITS). Pseudogaltonia clavata exhibited sister relationship to Dipcadi. Our combined data phylogeny (covering 31 Dipcadi taxa) resolved Dipcadi into four clades, Clade I, II, III and Clade IV. Clade I, II and III included mainly Indian taxa whereas Clade IV mostly consisted of African species. Clade I included nine taxa including our newly described species D. mukaianum. The new species was phylogenetically placed along with D. erythraeum, D. saxorum and D. ursulae. Morphologically, the species resembled D. montanum and D. ursulae but differed in characters such as tepal cohesion (1/2), number of ovules per locule and foul-smelling flowers. Clade II and III included 11 and six taxa, respectively. D. erythraeum which has a native range from Egypt to western India was found to occupy Clade I and Clade IV. The accession sampled in the present study was placed in Clade I along with D. saxorum whereas the accession from Bahrain grouped with African species (D. gracillimum and D. longifolium) in Clade IV. Similarly, D. serotinum was found sister to the Indian Clade (Clade I, II and III) whereas D. serotinum var. fulvum was nested in the African Clade (Clade IV). Our studies suggest that additional molecular markers (plastid as well nuclear) should be tested for their taxonomy utility. A robust phylogeny can elucidate the biogeography of this small genus across three continents, Africa, Asia and Europe.
Trends in Depressive Episodes and Substance Use Disorders Related Mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2020
Authors: SHAUKAT MUHAMMAD TALHA , Cheema Muhammad Rafay Shahzad , Munir Luqman , Hayat Malik Saad , Ansari Tayyab Majeed , Chaudhary Ahmed Jamal
Published: March 2024

Recognizing the relationship between depression and substance use disorders, identifying the contributing factors, introducing interventions and awareness to address the disparities. Data extracted from death certificates via the CDC WONDER (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research) database were examined from 1999 to 2020 for depressive episodes and SUD related mortality in people of all ages. Between 1999 and 2020 a total of 45934 depression and SUD related deaths occurred in all age groups. The AAMR continuously increased from 1999 to 2020. Throughout the years, males had consistently higher AAMRs than females. AAMR was highest in people with 85 + years of age. Geographical variations were also observed with the Midwestern region having the highest AAMR while northeastern had lowest. Among different states, Wyoming had the highest AAMR and Alabama had lowest. Non-metropolitan areas had higher AAMR than metropolitan areas. Whites had the highest AAMRs. There was a continuous incline in depression and SUD related mortality in all age groups in the United States from 1999 to 2020. Highest AAMRs were observed in Non-Hispanic (NH) White, males, 85 + years of age, Wyoming, the Midwestern region and in the non- metropolitan areas of United States.
Applied Machine Intelligence in Cancer Detection and Proactive Prediction
Authors: G Gandhi Jabakumar. , M Robinson Joel
Published: March 2024

Cancer is one of the fatal diseases diagnosed among people globally. Proactive cancer prediction is a complex and challenging research problem that requires the potential analysis of large multimodal data, including patient medical records, numeric and imaging data, and genomic data. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Estimate (GHE)-2020, which was conducted over 180 countries, non-communicable disease categories include multiple subcategories, of which all cancer types account for 16.8% of global deaths, making it the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases [1]. Accounting for 2020, it is estimated that nearly 10 million people died from cancer, which is approximately one in six deaths. According to the International Agency of Research on Cancer (IARC), it is predicted that the approximate incidence and mortality counts will rise to 29.5 million and 16.4 million, respectively, by the year 2040 [2].
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Potential lncRNA-mRNA Modules Involved in Genetic Male Sterility and Fertility of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)
Authors: Wei Xiaochun , Wang Xiaoqing , Zhao Yanyan , Chen Weiwei , Nath Ujjal Kumar , Yang Shuangjuan , Su Henan , Wang Zhiyong , Zhang Wenjing , Tian Baoming , Wei Fang , Yuan Yuxiang , Zhang Xiaowei
Published: March 2024

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression vital for the growth and development of plants. Despite this, the role of lncRNAs in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) pollen development and male fertility remains poorly understood.
Results:In this study, we characterized a recessive genic male sterile mutant (366-2S), where the delayed degradation of tapetum and the failure of tetrad separation primarily led to the inability to form single microspores, resulting in male sterility. To analyze the role of lncRNAs in pollen development, we conducted a comparative lncRNA sequencing using anthers from the male sterile mutant line (366-2S) and the wild-type male fertile line (366-2F). We identified 385 differentially expressed lncRNAs between the 366-2F and 366-2S lines, with 172 of them potentially associated with target genes. To further understand the alterations in mRNA expression and explore potential lncRNA-target genes (mRNAs), we performed comparative mRNA transcriptome analysis in the anthers of 366-2S and 366-2F at two stages. We identified 1 176 differentially expressed mRNAs. Remarkably, GO analysis revealed significant enrichment in five GO terms, most notably involving mRNAs annotated as pectinesterase and polygalacturonase, which play roles in cell wall degradation. The considerable downregulation of these genes might contribute to the delayed degradation of tapetum in 366-2S. Furthermore, we identified 15 lncRNA-mRNA modules through Venn diagram analysis. Among them, MSTRG.9997-BraA04g004630.3C (β-1,3-glucanase) is associated with callose degradation and tetrad separation. Additionally, MSTRG.5212-BraA02g040020.3C(pectinesterase) and MSTRG.13532-BraA05g030320.3C (pectinesterase) are associated with cell wall degradation of the tapetum, indicating that these three candidate lncRNA-mRNA modules potentially regulate pollen development.
Conclusion: This study lays the foundation for understanding the roles of lncRNAs in pollen development and for elucidating their molecular mechanisms in regulating male sterility in Chinese cabbage.
A rarely aberrant origin of the right vertebral artery
Authors: li Sihao , Zhu Bin , Wang Ting , Ma Yuhu , Shang Rui , Zhang Changwei
Published: March 2024

Aberrant origin of the right vertebral artery is relatively uncommon, but extremely rare when abnormal origin from left subclavian artery. We present an anatomic variation not reported before in which aberrant right vertebral artery originates from left subclavian artery proximal to left vertebral artery. Based on understanding embryological development of normal right vertebral artery and relative variations, we propose a new classification pattern different from study of Tommory Kumar Maiti et al. We discuss different patterns’ embryologic characteristics and analyze variation of our case: persistence of the right proximal dorsal aorta lead to a verteral artery from distal to the left subclavian artery and then the vertebral artery migrate to left subclavian artery, located on proximal to normal left vertebral artery. In conclusion, though variation of our case is exceedingly rare, we still should remember it in the back of our mind. In endovascular and surgical operations, an undiagnosed variation may be a potential risk. To some extent, finding and understanding variations can help us avoid related complications.
A Novel Approach to Secure Hashing: Implementing Chaotic Hash Functions for Enhanced Security
Authors: Li Yuxuan
Published: March 2024

This study introduces an innovative hash function based on a one-dimensional chaotic map, showcasing its strong security capabilities through extensive experimental validation. The development of hash functions has received increasing attention in recent years due to their crucial role in a wide range of information and computer science applications, such as cryptography, ensuring data integrity, and facilitating data indexing. Our chaotic map exhibits robust chaotic behavior, characterized by its high sensitivity to initial conditions and its inherent unpredictability, making it an ideal foundation for the hash function. This function is capable of effectively transforming variable-length input data into 256-bit hash values. It can be easily adapted for different output bit lengths with minimal adjustments to the algorithm's grouping length. Comprehensive security assessments, including rigorous testing against various potential attacks, have been conducted to confirm the hash function's resilience. The combined use of experimental and analytical evaluation methods has confirmed the exceptional security of our proposed hash function, highlighting its potential for critical applications in data integrity verification and encryption that demand high security.
Wind driven modelling of savonius wind turbine array under varying oblique flow condition
Authors: Laws Praveen
Published: March 2024

The motivation of the current study is driven by the paucity of literature showing the effect of combining multiple Savonius turbines in a horizontal plane and examines their mutual coupling effect under oblique layout. To gain a quantitative understanding of the interaction mechanism, the flow field surrounding two closely spaced Savonius turbines at different oblique angles is computationally examined. The mutual interaction among Savonius wind turbines enhances the electrical output of individual turbines, and thereby benefits the overall power of the turbiness. A two dimensional wind-driven free rotation analysis is modeled using shear stress transport (SST) k-ω eddy viscosity model for the closure of turbulence in a overset mesh topology. The computational findings of the conventional Savonius turbine are verified integrating benchmark experimental data and that functions as a scale for the forecasting portion of mutual coupling. The mutual coupling effect is analyzed based on the gap distances (S) and varying oblique angles (θ) for two co-rotating Savonius wind turbines. Oblique angle α = 50º demonstrates an ideal value of coupling affect practicable with a percentage increase of 33.81%.
Price Comparison for Gastroenterology Tests and Procedures in the U.S
Authors: Brittan Kevin , DO Kyle Scholten , Barbaretta Jason , Twohig Patrick , Rochling Fedja
Published: March 2024

Background:
After The Hospital Price Transparency Final Rule, hospitals were required to post prices for all services with the goal of increasing transparency and clarity for patients undergoing medical tests and evaluations. This data presents the opportunity to analyze variation in prices for commonly performed tests and procedures. We aimed to assess availability of price information and differences in reported costs per procedure of the most common gastroenterology and hepatology tests and procedures.
Methods:
Hospital chargemasters were analyzed for the top 20 rated hospitals and top 20 rated gastroenterology and gastrointestinal surgery hospitals according to US News Report Weekly1,2. Twenty-five hospitals were included in total. Median self-pay price was obtained for the following procedures: ultrasound abdomen, computed tomography abdomen with contrast, magnetic resonance imaging abdomen with contrast, liver elastography, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, liver biopsy, as well as pathology fees for specimens from EGD, colonoscopy, and liver biopsy.
Results:
All hospitals included in the study reported service costs online. However, only 8% of these hospitals reported the cost of all procedures investigated. Significant cost variation was seen in all procedures. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy had a 51-fold difference in cost in reported price between hospitals, and a colonoscopy similarly was found to have greater than an 80-fold difference.
Conclusion:
Despite The Hospital Price Transparency Final Rule, the availability of costs for gastroenterology medical tests and procedures are not readily accessible or transparent. Of these reported costs, we found notable price discrepancies, and further studies are needed to investigate similar patterns across different insurance payers.
Establishment and validation of a predictive model for tracheotomy in critically ill patients and analysis of the impact of different tracheotomy timing on patient prognosis
Authors: chen xinghua , Zhao Jing Jing , chen cheng , Li Yao
Published: March 2024

Background: In critically ill patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), it is unable to determine early which patients require tracheotomy and whether early tracheotomy is beneficial.
Methods:Clinical data of patients who were first admitted to the ICU and underwent invasive ventilation for more than 24 hours in the Medical Information Marketplace in Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database were retrospectively collected. Patients were categorized into successful extubation and tracheotomy groups according to whether they were subsequently successfully extubated or underwent tracheotomy. The patients were randomly divided into model training set and validation set in a ratio of 7:3. Constructing predictive models and evaluating and validating the models. The tracheotomized patients were divided into the early tracheotomy group (<= 7 days) and the late tracheotomy group (>7 days), and the prognosis of the two groups was analyzed.
Results: A total of 7 key variables were screened: Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, pneumonia, traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage, hemorrhagic stroke, left and right pupil responses to light, and parenteral nutrition. The area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve of the prediction model constructed through these eight variables was 0.897 (95% CI: 0.876-0.919), and 0.896 (95% CI: 0.866-0.926) for the training and validation sets, respectively. Patients in the early tracheotomy group had a shorter length of hospital stay, IMV duration, and sedation duration compared to the late tracheotomy group (p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in survival outcomes between the two groups.
Conclusion The prediction model constructed and validated based on the MIMIC-IV database can accurately predict the outcome of tracheotomy in critically ill patients. Meanwhile, early tracheotomy in critically ill patients does not improve survival outcomes but has potential advantages in shortening the duration of hospitalization, IMV, and sedation.
Evaluation of bone marrow fat content and fatty acid composition using quantitative MRI combined with metabonomics in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits
Authors: Zhang Tian , Hu Lei , Fei Ziyan , Gao Yufan , Wang Yan , Yan Yuchen , Jiang Jiawei , Liu Weiyin , Zha Yunfei
Published: March 2024

Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone marrow of alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits through the application of iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimated quantitative sequence (IDEAL-IQ), micro computed tomography (Micro-CT), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Methods Twenty male Japanese white rabbits were randomly assigned to two groups: the diabetic group (n=10) and the control group (n=10).The lumbar vertebral bone marrow fat content of the rabbits was evaluated using the IDEAL-IQ quantification sequence at four-week intervals following the induction of diabetes. Upon the identification of statistically significant differences in the lumbar bone marrow fat fraction (FF) between the diabetic and control groups, the experimental rabbits were euthanized following ethical guidelines.Subsequently, lumbar spine samples were collected for further analysis, including Micro-CT examination, histopathological examination, and GC-MS analysis.
Results In the 16th week, a statistically significant difference in vertebral marrow fat fraction (FF) was observed between the diabetes group and the control group. Micro-CT and histopathological examinations revealed a significant reduction in trabecular bone density and an increased presence of adipocytes in the diabetic group compared to the control group. The OPLS-DA model successfully distinguished between the control group and the diabetic group, identifying nine specific fatty acids that were most strongly associated with the observed differences.
Conclusion In a diabetic rabbit osteoporosis model, there are alterations in the bone marrow fat content and fatty acid composition.
Resection of pleural solitary fibrous tumors with distinct feeding vessels arising from the descending aorta: a case report
Authors: Li Yongsen , Lu Zihao , Hu Wenxuan , Cao Yonghao , lv Xin , Zhao Jun , Xu Chun
Published: March 2024

Background
Pleural solitary fibrous tumors (pSFTs) are rare mesenchymal pleural tumors with rich vascularity Surgical resection is the cornerstone of pSFTs treatment, requiring meticulous preoperative imaging to delineate lesion extent and vascular supply.
Case presentation:
The patient was a 34-year-old female with a mass measuring approximately 67×42×65 mm in the left posterior mediastinum. Computed tomography (CT) scans revealed the feeding vessels of the mass closely associated to the descending aorta. Following comprehensive preoperative assessments, thoracoscopic surgery was performed. Intraoperatively, the mass demonstrated rich vascularity. Two veins originating from the abdominal cavity entered the lower pole, one converged from the superior pole, draining into the brachiocephalic vein. Additionally, two arteries arose directly from the descending aorta, while several veins drained into the intercostal veins. In response to unexpected intraoperative vascular findings, vascular clips and silk threads were used to ligate them. Subsequently, the tumor was successfully dissected, with approximately 600ml of blood loss recorded during the 4-hour surgery. The patient exhibited a satisfactory postoperative recovery, and follow-up spanning over six months revealed no indications of recurrence or metastasis.
Conclusions
We present a case of successful resection of a pSFT in a 34-year-old woman with a distinct feeding vessel arising from the descending aorta, which is firstly reported. This case highlights preoperative evaluation of mass vascularity and proper application of preoperative angiography and embolization.
Biomarkers of Anxiety and Depression – A Novel Method of Tracking the Autonomic Nervous System with Machine Learning
Authors: Borthakur Rajlakshmi , Sharma Natwar , Tank Mitesh , Pattanaik Priya Ranjan
Published: March 2024

This study presents a novel method to understand biomarkers of anxiety and depression by using a concept called Sympathetic Transition Points (STP), which is indicative of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) dynamics. Wearables-based Electrodermal Activity (EDA) and Blood Volume Pulse (BVP) data were collected from 61 controls, 60 individuals with depressive symptoms, and 110 individuals with anxiety. By monitoring ANS activity, patterns related to anxiety and mood states and their transitions in real-time were identified, using machine learning. Analysis revealed clear distinctions between groups and enabled tracking of mental state changes. A score of .99 F1, with an ROC of 1 was achieved in automatically classifying anxiety, depression, and neutral states with this method. The method lays the groundwork for automated mental health assessments in real-world settings, introducing an efficient and objective screening protocol. By utilizing wearable technology, machine learning, and ANS monitoring, this work advocates for improved early detection and intervention strategies in mental healthcare.
Phytotoxicity of single and mixed Rare Earth Element (La, Nd and Sm) exposures on Lactuca sativa seed germination and growth
Authors: Egler Silvia Gonçalves , Roldão Tamine Martins , Santos Gabriel Oliveira , Heidelmann Gisele Petronilho , Fraga Inês Gomes , Correia Fabio Veríssimo , Saggioro Enrico Mendes
Published: March 2024

The mode of action, bioaccumulation potential and toxicity of Rare Earth Elements (REE), with several applications in the technology, medical and agricultural fields, are still understudied. The nitrates acute effects on single exposures, binary and ternary mixtures of lanthanum (La), neodymium (Nd) and samarium (Sm) on Lactuca sativa lettuce seed germination and wet biomass in an artificial soil (AS) and an Ultisol were assessed. Germination (EC50), wet biomass (IC50) and germination inhibition (% GI) were evaluated. EC50 values La was the most toxic in PVA, Sm in AS, and Nd appears with intermediate values on both substrates. The IC50, both single and mixed, decreased from 3- to 181-fold with increasing test concentrations in relation to the control in AS, while increases in Ultisol were observed, followed by decreases at higher doses which may be associated with the low-dose stimulation effect (hormesis). Our findings may be used to subsidize REE risk assessment studies and reinforce the hormesis effect to prevent the use of high application of REE fertilizers, avoiding the accumulation of REE in agricultural soils.
One-stone-two-birds Nano-cocktail Enables Cancer Cells/Stem Cells Dual Depletion and Efficacy/Toxicity Benefit Maximization in Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhao Tongyao , Chen Yao , Yuan Haimeng , Yang Shuqian , Zhang Hongyuan , Wang Yuequan , Zhang Shenwu , Chen Qin , Sun Jin , He Zhonggui , Luo Cong
Published: March 2024

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are recognized as the culprits of chemoresistance, tumor metastasis and relapse. Conventional chemotherapeutic drugs not only fail to effectively kill CSCs, but induce the acquisition of stemness characteristics in non-stem cancer cells. Meanwhile, most anti-CSCs drugs display marginal inhibitory effects on cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, developing a cancer cells/CSCs double-killing modality is highly desired.
Methods: A carrier-free nano-cocktail is developed through precise co-assembly of a redox-responsive dimeric prodrug of docetaxel (DTX) and salinomycin (SAL, an anti-CSCs drug) for breast cancer treatment. In this study, we systematically investigated the co-assembly mechanism, reduction-responsive drug release behavior, cellular uptake efficiency, synergistic cytotoxicity, and anti-CSCs efficacy of the nano-cocktail through in vitro experiments. Additionally, the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and synergistic anti-tumor/CSCs activity were explored in vivo.
Results: Precision combination of DTX and SAL not only shows synergistic tumor killing activity, but also sharply reduces the proportion of CSCs in tumors. More importantly, tumor-specific prodrug activation-initiated drug release confers high drug co-delivery efficiency and low off-target toxicity risk to the nano-cocktail. As expected, such a one-stone-two-birds nanomedicine has excellent performance on tumor stemness depletion, antitumor responses, and treatment safety in a breast cancer mouse xenograft model.
Conclusion: This study advances cancer cells/CSCs double-killing nanotherapeutics towards clinical breast cancer therapy.
Assessment on Climate Variability Trends and Small-holder Farmer-Adaptation Strategies: A case of Guagusa Shikudad Woreda, Awi Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Addisu Dagnaw
Published: March 2024

Climate change is a global phenomenon that involves the long-term fluctuation of the Earth's climate system. Specifically, climate variability is one of the pressing environmental problems in the world, since it has been showing a drastic fluctuation from the usual condition in some parameters. This study examined trends in climate variability and adaptation strategies of small farmers: A case of Guagusa Shikudad Woreda, Awi Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Cross-sectional research designs were used to collect information from 271 randomly selected households in two rural kebeles. Multistage sampling techniques were used to purposely select the study area and random sampling to select households. Primary and secondary data collection methods were used. A long period of climate data (temperature and rainfall) was obtained from the National Aeronautic Space Administration (NASA) (1981-2021). Descriptive statistics and the Mann-Kendall trend test were used to analyze the data.The study results indicate that small farmers perceived that there is variability in climate parameters (temperature and rainfall) with frequent drought and rainfall intensity characteristics in recent decades. The Mann-Kendall test indicated that mean annual rainfall does not have significant level of climate variability and Sen's slope estimator test shows that the temperature of maximum and minimum climate data has an increasing trend. A descriptive analysis was used to summarize farmer perceptions, to see the actual seasonal/annual variability of rainfall and temperature, and to identify the different adaptation responses to climate variability. Crop diversification, grow crops that mature early, implement nonfarm agriculture activities, use of inorganic fertilizer, applying soil and water conservation mechanism, etc. were identified as major important adaptation strategies implemented by smallholder farmers. Therefore, it is concluded that there is climate variability in terms of temperature and rainfall in the study area and farmers implement various climate adaptation strategies. This study suggests that it is necessary to reduce the challenges facing farmers to implement different adaptation strategies and implement appropriate climate variability adaptation strategies that increase the resilience of small farmers to climate variability.
Entacapone Nanoemulsion: Formulation Design, Optimization, and Evaluation
Authors: Garla Venkateswarlu , Shaik Shahul Hussain , Gugulothu Dalapathi , Malakapogu Ravindra Babu , SK Abdul Rahama , Deepa N , Kusuma Praveen Kumar
Published: March 2024

Entacapone is utilized as an adjunct to levodopa therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's syndrome. According to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System, it is classified as a class IV drug. The solubility of a substance can be enhanced by utilizing nanoemulsion, which can also effectively traverse the blood-brain barrier owing to its nanoscale dimensions. The formulation utilized various proportions of Capmul Medium Chain Mono and Diglycerides as the oil phase, Pluronic F127, and Phospholipin 90 as hydrophilic and lipophilic surfactants. Optimization was performed using 32 factorial designs in Design Expert®8.0.5.2 software, incorporating mixing speed, time, and sonication parameters. The nanoemulsion exhibited an average particle size of 120.8±1.9nm, with a low polydispersity index of 0.144, indicating a uniform globule size. The zeta potential suggested good stability, while the XRD pattern indicated decreased drug crystallinity. The TEM images confirm that the size of the particles falls within the range of 120–150 nm and there is no evidence of aggregation. The drug was released at a rate of 80.33±0.92% for 8 hours. The current study demonstrates enhancements in the solubility and stability of formulated nanoemulsions designed for oral delivery.
Role of JAK2/STAT5/Foxp3 signaling pathway in Jurkat T cells secretion of cytokines induced by traffic-related PM 2.5 and different components
Authors: Wang Qianyu , Zhao Lifang , Kong Weican , Tian Jiayu , Liu Nannan , Wang Caihong , Zheng Huiqiu , Guan Linlin , Shi Dongxing , Gao Yuhui , Nasier Halimaimaiti , Zhang Zhihong
Published: March 2024

Studies have shown that traffic-related PM2.5 (TRPM2.5) can damage the immune system and reduce resistance to various diseases. However, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, Jurkat T cells were used as immune cells model. Exposure to different concentrations of TRPM2.5, water-soluble ions (WSI), and organic extract (OE) aggravated the inflammation of Jurkat T cells, increased the mRNA and protein expressions of JAK2 (Janus kinase 2), reduced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT5) and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), decreased the proportions of Treg cells, and then diminished the release of cytokine IL-10 and TGF-β. However, after AG490 treatment, JAK2 and p-JAK2 mRNA and protein levels were inhibited, and STAT5 and Foxp3 mRNA and protein expressions were improved. Moreover, after transfection with STAT5 plasmid, the mRNA and protein expression of STAT5 and Foxp3 was significantly enhanced. Therefore, JAK2/STAT5/Foxp3 signaling pathway may play a critical regulatory role in the alteration of inflammatory mediators of Jurkat T cells induced by TRPM2.5 and its different components, which provides a scientific reference for the immune-inflammatory diseases caused by PM2.5.
UPI Fraud Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)
Authors: NAGARAJU MELAM , IT Yarramreddy Chandrasena Reddy Dept. of , Babu Polavarapu Nagendra , Ravipati Venkata Sai Pavan , Chaitanya Velpula
Published: March 2024

In response to the escalating threat of online banking fraud, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper introduces a novel approach utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for fraud detection. The study focuses on developing machine learning models tailored for recognizing fraudulent transactions and addresses challenges such as imbalanced datasets, feature transformation, and engineering. The proposed CNN-based model exhibits superior accuracy, particularly in handling imbalanced datasets, offering a promising solution compared to traditional algorithms. The research emphasizes the adaptability of CNNs to unconventional data types, such as banking transactions, and showcases their ability to capture intricate fraud patterns. Evaluation metrics include precision, recall, F1-Score, ROC Curve, and AUC, providing a comprehensive assessment of the model's effectiveness.
Significant differences in virioplankton structure and viral infection of bacteria in coastal and open waters of the western Laptev Sea (Arctic): influence of river discharge
Authors: Kopylov Alexander I. , Zabotkina Elena A. , Romanenko Anna V. , Kosolapov Dmitriy B. , Sazhin Andrey F. , Romanova Nadezhda D.
Published: March 2024

The warming of the Arctic causes increased freshwater input from rivers into the Arctic seas. A high concentration of suspended particulate material entering coastal water via river runoff considerably affects the structure of the viral community and viral infection and mortality of bacteria. The abundance, structure, and activity of planktonic viruses were assessed across zones subjected to varying degrees to Khatanga River runoff. The number of free-living, bacteria-attached, and particle-attached viruses, determined by transmission electron microscope, ranged from 9.6 to 86.3 × 105 viruses mL− 1, 0.3 to 4.9 × 105 viruses mL− 1, and 0.6 to 18.1 × 105 viruses mL− 1, respectively. The relative amount of free-living viruses in the total number of virioplankton varied from 40% in the mixed waters of Khatanga Bay to 94% in seawater of the continental slope. The abundance of free-living viruses was strongly negatively correlated with the abundance of suspended particles 0.3–210 µm in size. The frequency of visibly infected bacterial cells was strongly negatively correlated with the abundance of suspended particles with a size of 0.3–3.0 µm. The viral-mediated mortality of bacteria was 3.7–29.6% (on average 10.3 ± 0.8%) of bacterial production. The large amount of fine suspended particles contained in coastal waters of the western Laptev Sea appears to significantly reduce both the abundance of free-living viruses and ability of viruses to infect bacteria, due to the effective adsorption of viruses by these suspended particles.
Delving into the Fabric of Tech Innovation and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems within Start-up Hubs
Authors: Gupta Reena
Published: March 2024

This qualitative research delves into the intricate dynamics of tech start-up communities and entrepreneurial ecosystems, aiming to provide valuable insights into the factors that shape their success and sustainability. By employing qualitative methodologies, including interviews, focus groups, and participant observation, this study explores key themes such as collaboration and networking, resource accessibility, mentorship and support, and regulatory environment. The findings highlight the critical role of collaboration and networking in driving entrepreneurship within start-up communities. Participants emphasized the importance of building strong relationships and networks with peers, mentors, investors, and other stakeholders, facilitating knowledge sharing, access to resources, and opportunities for collaboration. Informal networks and structured programs were identified as essential components of the ecosystem, providing platforms for interaction and collaboration among ecosystem stakeholders. Access to resources emerged as a significant challenge for many entrepreneurs, particularly those at the early stages of venture development. Limited availability of financial capital, talent, and infrastructure poses barriers to start-up growth, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to address resource gaps. Mentorship and support were identified as critical elements of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, providing guidance, advice, and encouragement to aspiring founders. Formal mentorship programs, peer support networks, and community-driven initiatives all play important roles in providing entrepreneurs with the support they need to succeed. Furthermore, the regulatory environment was identified as a significant factor shaping the entrepreneurial landscape, with government policies and regulations impacting start-up growth and innovation. While some regions have supportive regulatory environments that encourage entrepreneurship, others face bureaucratic hurdles and regulatory uncertainty that hinder business growth. Overall, this research offers important implications for policymakers, investors, and entrepreneurs seeking to foster innovation and drive economic growth in the digital age. By understanding the dynamics of collaboration and networking, resource accessibility, mentorship and support, and regulatory environment, stakeholders can work together to nurture and sustain vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystems.
Understanding the Impact of Emerging Technologies on Entrepreneurial Ventures
Authors: Reynolds Samantha
Published: March 2024

In an era characterized by rapid technological advancement, the intersection of emerging technologies and entrepreneurial ventures has become a focal point of inquiry for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners alike. This qualitative research seeks to explore the multifaceted impact of emerging technologies on entrepreneurial endeavors, shedding light on the motivations, challenges, strategies, and outcomes associated with technology-driven entrepreneurship. Through in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs operating in diverse industries and geographical regions, this study elucidates the complex dynamics shaping the relationship between emerging technologies and entrepreneurial ventures. The findings reveal a diverse array of motivations driving entrepreneurs to adopt and integrate emerging technologies into their ventures, including economic incentives, social impact objectives, and environmental sustainability goals. However, the integration of emerging technologies is not without its challenges, as entrepreneurs encounter regulatory uncertainties, organizational resistance, and resource constraints in their quest to innovate. Despite these challenges, entrepreneurs employ various strategies, such as forming strategic partnerships, fostering innovation culture, and embracing customer-centric approaches, to successfully integrate emerging technologies into their ventures and drive innovation. The implications of these findings extend to both theory and practice in technology-driven entrepreneurship, highlighting the need for policymakers, investors, and practitioners to create an enabling environment that supports innovation and entrepreneurship. By understanding the drivers, barriers, and strategies associated with technology adoption in entrepreneurial ventures, stakeholders can better support and capitalize on the transformative potential of emerging technologies to drive economic growth and societal progress. In summary, this research contributes to our understanding of the complex interplay between emerging technologies and entrepreneurial ventures, offering insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to navigate the evolving landscape of technology-driven entrepreneurship.
WITHDRAWN: Allen Type III Fingertip Amputation Injury: Conservative Management with Moist Wound Dressings (Case report)
Authors: Aldaer Adnan
Published: March 2024

Background: Conservative care or surgery are used to treat fingertip amputation injuries. The location and extent of tissue loss in the wound, as well as the nation and region, all influence the management approaches for these injuries. In the US, conservative care or revision amputation is typical. However, in Japan, surgical methods such as replantation or reconstruction are favored; as a result, even in instances that qualify for conservative treatment, a surgery is carried out. Here, we describe a case of fingertip amputation damage for which a plastic surgeon offered reconstructive surgery; nevertheless, the patient chose conservative care, utilizing moist wound dressings.
Case Report: A hefty iron door crushed the middle finger of a 30-year-old woman, resulting in an Allen type III fingertip amputation injury. There was no recovery of the severed fingertip. The patient was first advised to have reconstructive surgery by the chief plastic surgeon. Nevertheless, the patient chose conservative management, so she came to our hospital's Wound Care Department. After receiving conservative care and moist wound dressings (Plus moist TM), the wound healed in 12 weeks with excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes.
Conclusions: For Allen type III fingertip amputation injuries, conservative therapy using moist wound dressings can be a beneficial therapeutic approach. It is preferable to give the patient's preferences top priority when choosing a course of treatment when the fingertip amputation damage can be managed conservatively or surgically.
ECOTHEOLOGICAL VALUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL JOURNALISM
Authors: Moebin Amrullah Ali , Setyawan Wahyu Eka , Natsir Ahmad
Published: March 2024

This article aims to reveal the role of eco-theology in environmental journalism which has rarely been discussed by researchers. This article fills the void that is still not filled. Religion for journalists is appointed as a frame to make news raised in religious moral values. This leads to a question, what is the role of religion (eco-theology) in environmental journalism? After analyzing various objects in the form of books through literature study, this article concludes several things. Among them, has religion has laid down very deep principles of environmental ethics? however, in the reality of human life, especially in Indonesia, it is still so busy with studies of religious formalities. This has resulted in views on issues related to the environment that are less attractive to religious adherents. Second, the environmental ethical values contained in religion can be an inspiration in environmental coverage. This will, as expected by this research, make environmental journalists stand on eco-theological norms to be more pro-environmental conservation.
THE MAP OF METHODOLOGY AND TYPOLOGY OF GENDER EQUALITY INTERPRETATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Thohiri M. Kholid
Published: March 2024

This article is the result of research on interpretations by several Muslim intellectuals on gender equality in Indonesia, namely M. Quraish Shihab, Masdar F. Mas'udi, Zaitunah Subhan, Nasaruddin Umar, Husein Muhammad. They are interpreters of the early generations of Indonesia who interpret the Qur'an about gender equality. There are many studies on the interpretation of gender equality in Indonesia, however the mapping of methodology and typology of several interpretations of gender equality in Indonesia does not yet exist. This type of research is a library with descriptive-analytic-typological form.  the results of the research on the methodological map and typology of the interpretation of gender equality in Indonesia are:1. M. Quraish Shihab : forms and characters of bi al-ra'yi and scientific, methods and techniques of thematic interpretation of singular-plural and intertext, lughowi's interpretation style, integralistic typology. 2. Masdar Farid Mas'udi: forms and character bi al-ra'yi and socio-cultural, methods and techniques of singular thematic interpretation and intertext-criticism, fiqhi Interpretation style, divergent typology. 3. Zaitunah Subhan: forms and characteristics of bi al-ra'yi and socio-cultural interpretation, methods and techniques of singular and intertext-critical thematic interpretation, socio-anthropological interpretation, eclectic typology. 4. Nasaruddin Umar: forms and characteristics of bi al-ra'yi and semantics interpretation, methods and techniques for singular and intertext thematic interpretation, lughowi's lnterpretation style, eclectic typology. 5. Husein Muhammad: forms and characteristics of bi al-ra'yi and socio-cultural interpretations, methods and techniques of singular and intertext thematic interpretation, fiqhi interpretation style, and anticipatory typology
THE COMPARATIVE STUDY: THEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF TOLERANCE BETWEEN ISLAM DAN CHRISTIANITY TRADITIONS
Authors: Hamonangan Ranto Praja
Published: March 2024

This paper discusses tolerance from Christianity and Islam perspective. What is tolerance: basis, limit, and example in the scripture—the research doing by bibliography approach. Books, journals, and scriptures are the resources. Hopefully, the results can provide a broader understanding of the theology and tolerance field. Thus these works can be used as references. Through discussion, it found that Christianity and Islam talk about tolerance. They tolerate others, even though there are some interpretations to interpret the scripture either in Christianity or Islam, but they are still open to others. Tolerance is a necessity that becomes an advantage to compete with each other in the pursuit of goodness.
THE HISTORICITY OF CLASSIC ORIENTALISM, ISLAMOLOGY AND SCRIPTURE TRANSLATION (A NEW ANALYSIS)
Authors: Huda Moh.
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine the history of the development of orientalism in the classical era and the mission of translating the Qur'an and Islamic studies. This is based on the author's concern that the model of Islamic studies and the study of the Koran in the contemporary era is still rigid from an interdisciplinary study. This study is a library research study with data exposure using descriptive and analytical-critical methods. The findings in this study indicate that classical orientalism has led to attempts to confront Islamic thoughts. One of the fruits of this conflict was the presence of a translation of the al-Qur'an, the work of the orientalists. However, this competitive contestation eventually gave rise to an interdisciplinary model of Islamology and the study of the Al-Qur’an.