bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eco-friendly floatable foam hydrogel for the adsorption of heavy metal ions and use of the generated waste for the catalytic reduction of organic dyes
Authors: Zhao Hui , Li Ying
Published: June 2020

Benefiting from their three-dimensional network structure and various functional groups, hydrogels have emerged as efficient adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater.
Updated X-ray view of the Hyades cluster
Authors: Freund S. , Robrade J. , Schneider P. C. , Schmitt J. H. M. M.
Published: June 2020

Aims. We revisit the X-ray properties of the main sequence Hyades members and the relation between X-ray emission and stellar rotation.

Methods. As an input catalog for Hyades members, we combined three recent Hyades membership lists derived from Gaia DR2 data that include the Hyades core and its tidal tails. We searched for X-ray detections of the main sequence Hyades members in the ROSAT all-sky survey, and pointings from ROSAT, the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, and XMM-Newton. Furthermore, we adopted rotation periods derived from Kepler’s K2 mission and other resources.

Results. We find an X-ray detection for 281 of 1066 bona fide main sequence Hyades members and provide statistical upper limits for the undetected sources. The majority of the X-ray detected stars are located in the Hyades core because of its generally smaller distance to the Sun. F- and G-type stars have the highest detection fraction (72%), while K- and M-type dwarfs have lower detection rates (22%). The X-ray luminosities of the detected members range from ∼2 × 1027 erg s−1 for late M-type dwarfs to ∼2 × 1030 erg s−1 for active binaries. The X-ray luminosity distribution functions formally differ for the members in the core and tidal tails, which is likely caused by a larger fraction of field stars in our Hyades tails sample. Compared to previous studies, our sample is slightly fainter in X-rays due to differences in the Hyades membership list used; furthermore, we extend the X-ray luminosity distribution to fainter luminosities. The X-ray activity of F- and G-type stars is well defined at FX/Fbol ≈ 10−5. The fractional X-ray luminosity and its spread increases to later spectral types reaching the saturation limit (FX/Fbol ≈ 10−3) for members later than spectral type M3. Confirming previous results, the X-ray flux varies by less than a factor of three between epochs for the 104 Hyades members with multiple epoch data, significantly less than expected from solar-like activity cycles. Rotation periods are found for 204 Hyades members, with about half of them being detected in X-rays. The activity-rotation relation derived for the coeval Hyades members has properties very similar to those obtained by other authors investigating stars of different ages.
Propargylimine in the laboratory and in space: millimetre-wave spectroscopy and its first detection in the ISM
Authors: Bizzocchi L. , Prudenzano D. , Rivilla V. M. , Pietropolli-Charmet A. , Giuliano B. M. , Caselli P. , Martín-Pintado J. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Martín S. , Requena-Torres M. A. , Rico-Villas F. , Zeng S. , Guillemin J.-C.
Published: June 2020

Context. Small imines containing up to three carbon atoms are present in the interstellar medium (ISM). As alkynyl compounds are abundant in this medium, propargylimine (2-propyn-1-imine, HC ≡C−CH =NH) thus represents a promising candidate for a new interstellar detection.

Aims. The goal of the present work is to perform a comprehensive laboratory investigation of the rotational spectrum of propargylimine in its ground vibrational state in order to obtain a highly precise set of rest frequencies and to search for it in space.

Methods. The rotational spectra of E and Z geometrical isomers of propargylimine have been recorded in the laboratory in the 83–500 GHz frequency interval. The measurements have been performed using a source-modulation millimetre-wave spectrometer equipped with a pyrolysis system for the production of unstable species. High-level ab initio calculations were performed to assist the analysis and to obtain reliable estimates for an extended set of spectroscopic quantities. We searched for propargylimine at 3 mm and 2 mm in the spectral survey of the quiescent giant molecular cloud G+0.693-0.027 located in the central molecular zone, close to the Galactic centre.

Results. About 1000 rotational transitions have been recorded for the E- and Z-propargylimine, in the laboratory. These new data have enabled the determination of a very accurate set of spectroscopic parameters including rotational, quartic, and sextic centrifugal distortion constants. The improved spectral data allowed us to perform a successful search for this new imine in the G+0.693-0.027 molecular cloud. Eighteen lines of Z-propargylimine were detected at level >2.5σ, resulting in a column-density estimate of N = (0.24 ± 0.02) × 1014 cm−2. An upper limit was retrieved for the higher energy E isomer, which was not detected in the data. The fractional abundance (with respect to H2) derived for Z-propargylimine is 1.8 × 10−10. We discuss the possible formation routes by comparing the derived abundance with those measured in the source for possible chemical precursors.
Precise mass and radius of a transiting super-Earth planet orbiting the M dwarf TOI-1235: a planet in the radius gap?
Authors: Bluhm P. , Luque R. , Espinoza N. , Pallé E. , Caballero J. A. , Dreizler S. , Livingston J. H. , Mathur S. , Quirrenbach A. , Stock S. , Van Eylen V. , Nowak G. , López E. D. , Csizmadia Sz. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Schöfer P. , Lillo-Box J. , Oshagh M. , González-Álvarez E. , Amado P. J. , Barrado D. , Béjar V. J. S. , Cale B. , Chaturvedi P. , Cifuentes C. , Cochran W. D. , Collins K. A. , Collins K. I. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Díez Alonso E. , El Mufti M. , Ercolino A. , Fridlund M. , Gaidos E. , García R. A. , Georgieva I. , González-Cuesta L. , Guerra P. , Hatzes A. P. , Henning Th. , Herrero E. , Hidalgo D. , Isopi G. , Jeffers S. V. , Jenkins J. M. , Jensen E. L. N. , Kábath P. , Kaminski A. , Kemmer J. , Korth J. , Kossakowski D. , Kürster M. , Lafarga M. , Mallia F. , Montes D. , Morales J. C. , Morales-Calderón M. , Murgas F. , Narita N. , Passegger V. M. , Pedraz S. , Persson C. M. , Plavchan P. , Rauer H. , Redfield S. , Reffert S. , Reiners A. , Ribas I. , Ricker G. R. , Rodríguez-López C. , Santos A. R. G. , Seager S. , Schlecker M. , Schweitzer A. , Shan Y. , Soto M. G. , Subjak J. , Tal-Or L. , Trifonov T. , Vanaverbeke S. , Vanderspek R. , Wittrock J. , Zechmeister M. , Zohrabi F.
Published: June 2020

We report the confirmation of a transiting planet around the bright weakly active M0.5 V star TOI-1235 (TYC 4384–1735–1, V ≈ 11.5 mag), whose transit signal was detected in the photometric time series of sectors 14, 20, and 21 of the TESS space mission. We confirm the planetary nature of the transit signal, which has a period of 3.44 d, by using precise RV measurements with the CARMENES, HARPS-N, and iSHELL spectrographs, supplemented by high-resolution imaging and ground-based photometry. A comparison of the properties derived for TOI-1235 b with theoretical models reveals that the planet has a rocky composition, with a bulk density slightly higher than that of Earth. In particular, we measure a mass of Mp = 5.9 ± 0.6 M⊕ and a radius of Rp = 1.69 ± 0.08 R⊕, which together result in a density of ρp = 6.7− 1.1+ 1.3 g cm−3. When compared with other well-characterized exoplanetary systems, the particular combination of planetary radius and mass places our discovery in the radius gap, which is a transition region between rocky planets and planets with significant atmospheric envelopes. A few examples of planets occupying the radius gap are known to date. While the exact location of the radius gap for M dwarfs is still a matter of debate, our results constrain it to be located at around 1.7 R⊕ or larger at the insolation levels received by TOI-1235 b (~60 S⊕). This makes it an extremely interesting object for further studies of planet formation and atmospheric evolution.
CO emission in distant galaxies on and above the main sequence
Authors: Valentino F. , Daddi E. , Puglisi A. , Magdis G. E. , Liu D. , Kokorev V. , Cortzen I. , Madden S. , Aravena M. , Gómez-Guijarro C. , Lee M.-Y. , Le Floc’h E. , Gao Y. , Gobat R. , Bournaud F. , Dannerbauer H. , Jin S. , Dickinson M. E. , Kartaltepe J. , Sanders D.
Published: June 2020

We present the detection of multiple carbon monoxide CO line transitions with ALMA in a few tens of infrared-selected galaxies on and above the main sequence atz = 1.1−1.7. We reliably detected the emission of CO (5 − 4), CO (2 − 1), and CO (7 − 6)+[C I](3P2  −  3P1) in 50, 33, and 13 galaxies, respectively, and we complemented this information with available CO (4 − 3) and [C I](3P1  −  3P0) fluxes for part of the sample, and by modeling of the optical-to-millimeter spectral energy distribution. We retrieve a quasi-linear relation betweenLIRand CO (5 − 4) or CO (7 − 6) for main-sequence galaxies and starbursts, corroborating the hypothesis that these transitions can be used as star formation rate (SFR) tracers. We find the CO excitation to steadily increase as a function of the star formation efficiency, the mean intensity of the radiation field warming the dust (⟨U⟩), the surface density of SFR (ΣSFR), and, less distinctly, with the distance from the main sequence (ΔMS). This adds to the tentative evidence for higher excitation of the CO+[C I] spectral line energy distribution (SLED) of starburst galaxies relative to that for main-sequence objects, where the dust opacities play a minor role in shaping the high-JCO transitions in our sample. However, the distinction between the average SLED of upper main-sequence and starburst galaxies is blurred, driven by a wide variety of intrinsic shapes. Large velocity gradient radiative transfer modeling demonstrates the existence of a highly excited component that elevates the CO SLED of high-redshift main-sequence and starbursting galaxies above the typical values observed in the disk of the Milky Way. This excited component is dense and it encloses ∼50% of the total molecular gas mass in main-sequence objects. We interpret the observed trends involving the CO excitation as to be mainly determined by a combination of large SFRs and compact sizes, as a large ΣSFRis naturally connected with enhanced dense molecular gas fractions and higher dust and gas temperatures, due to increasing ultraviolet radiation fields, cosmic ray rates, as well as dust and gas coupling. We release the full data compilation and the ancillary information to the community.
Determining the dynamics and magnetic fields in He I 10830 Å during a solar filament eruption
Authors: Kuckein C. , González Manrique S. J. , Kleint L. , Asensio Ramos A.
Published: June 2020

Aims. We investigate the dynamics and magnetic properties of the plasma, including the line-of-sight velocity (LOS) and optical depth, as well as the vertical and horizontal magnetic fields, belonging to an erupted solar filament.

Methods. The filament eruption was observed with the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph at the 1.5-meter GREGOR telescope on July 3, 2016. We acquired three consecutive full-Stokes slit-spectropolarimetric scans in the He I 10830 Å spectral range. The Stokes I profiles were classified using the machine learning k-means algorithm and then inverted with different initial conditions using the HAZEL code.

Results. The erupting-filament material presents the following physical conditions: (1) ubiquitous upward motions with peak LOS velocities of ∼73 km s−1; (2) predominant large horizontal components of the magnetic field, on average, in the range of 173−254 G, whereas the vertical components of the fields are much lower, on average between 39 and 58 G; (3) optical depths in the range of 0.7−1.1. The average azimuth orientation of the field lines between two consecutive raster scans (<2.5 min) remained constant.

Conclusions. The analyzed filament eruption belongs to the fast rising phase, with total velocities of about 124 km s−1. The orientation of the magnetic field lines does not change from one raster scan to the other, indicating that the untwisting phase has not yet started. The untwisting appears to start about 15 min after the beginning of the filament eruption.
Retracted Article: The prospect of development of robotics in Russia
Authors: Nezhnikova Ekaterina , Pshinshev Khamzet
Published: June 2020

The author Khamzet Pshinshev requested to withdraw this article because he confesses that he has copied some information without reference to them and without being authorized to do so. He reports that the Editors of the conference, his co-author Ekaterina Nezhnikova and the Publisher have no responsibility in this misconduct.
Active control of an improved Boussinesq system
Authors: Yildirim Kenan
Published: June 2020

In this paper, optimal control of excessive water waves in a canal system, modeled by a nonlinear improved Boussinesq equation, is considered. For this aim, well-posedness and controllability properties of the system is investigated. Suppressing of the waves in the canal system is successfully obtained by means of optimally determining of canal depth control functionviamaximum principle, which transforms to optimal control problem to solving an nonlinear initial-boundary-terminal value problem. The beauty of the present paper than other studies existing in the literature is that optimal canal depth control function is analytically obtained without linearization of nonlinear term. In order to show effectiveness and robustness of the control actuation, several numerical examples are given by MATLAB in tables and graphical forms.
Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism during Pregnancy and the Puerperium with a Special Focus on Women with Hereditary Thrombophilia or Prior VTE—Position Paper of the Working Group in Women's Health of the Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (GTH)
Authors: Hart Christina , Bauersachs Rupert , Scholz Ute , Zotz Rainer , Bergmann Frauke , Rott Hannelore , Linnemann Birgit
Published: June 2020

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of maternal morbidity during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Because there is a lack of adequate study data, management strategies for the prevention of VTE during pregnancy have mainly been deduced from case–control and observational studies and extrapolated from recommendations for non-pregnant patients. The decision for or against pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis must be made on an individual basis weighing the risk of VTE against the risk of adverse side effects such as severe bleeding complications. A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach is often essential as the clinical scenario is made more complex by the specific obstetric context, especially in the peripartum period. As members of the Working Group in Women's Health of the Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (GTH), we summarize the evidence from the available literature and aim to establish a more uniform strategy for VTE risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy and the puerperium. In this document, we focus on women with hereditary thrombophilia, prior VTE and the use of anticoagulants that can safely be applied during pregnancy and the lactation period.
Curriculum for small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy training in Europe: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement
Authors: Sidhu Reena , Chetcuti Zammit Stefania , Baltes Peter , Carretero Cristina , Despott Edward J. , Murino Alberto , Dray Xavier , Sanders David S. , Keuchel Martin , Dekker Evelien , East James E. , Johnson Gavin , Pimentel-Nunes Pedro , Arvanitakis Marianna , Ponchon Thierry , Dinis-Ribeiro Mario , Bisschops Raf
Published: June 2020

Main Recommendations

The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) has recognized the need to formalize training in small-bowel endoscopy across European centers. The following criteria and framework for training in small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) and device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE), which aim to provide uniform and high quality training to ensure that small-bowel endoscopists are competent to operate independently, are based on the current literature and experience of experts in the field. Three main areas are covered: skills required prior to commencing training in small-bowel endoscopy; structured training for trainees to become independent endoscopists; and ways of ensuring competence is achieved.

1 Centers providing training in SBCE should perform a minimum of 75 – 100 SBCEs/year.

2 Experience in bidirectional endoscopies is desirable for structured training in SBCE.

3 SBCE courses should consist of at least 50 % hands-on training and cover information on technology, indications and contraindications for SBCE, pathologies that can be encountered on SBCE, and standard terminology that should be used during reporting of SBCE. An SBCE course should be completed prior to achieving competence in SBCE reporting.

4 Competence in SBCE can be assessed by considering a minimum of 30 SBCEs. Direct Observation of Procedural Skills, short SBCE videos, and multiple-choice questions can be useful to assess improvement in the skills of trainees.

5 Centers offering training in DAE should aim to carry out at least 75 DAEs/year, should have direct links with an SBCE service, and should allow regular discussion of cases at a radiology small-bowel MDT. Training centers with lower numbers are encouraged to offer training by “buddying-up” with other centers, or using mentoring systems.

6 DAE trainees must be independent in bidirectional endoscopies and have experience in level 1 polypectomy prior to commencement of training. They should also be competent in reviewing SBCEs.

7 Training in DAE should be structured with a minimum of 75 procedures, including 35 retrograde DAEs, with therapeutic procedures undertaken in at least 50 % of the DAEs performed. Training should cover the indications, contraindications, complications including prevention, and technicalities of the DAE procedure; formal evaluation should follow. DAE trainees must acquire skills to independently manage and advise on small-bowel pathology following DAE procedures.

8 It is highly recommended that international societies develop online modules and courses on DAE, which are currently lacking across Europe.
AGGRESSIVE MESENTRIC FIBROMATOSIS: A RARE CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Shetty Rohan , Bhat Shubha , Ballal Rajesh , Makannavar Pramod , N. Anil Kumar K.
Published: June 2020

Mesentric fibromatosis is a proliferative fibroblastic neoplasm of the small intestinal mesentery with varied clinical presentation. Giant mesentric fibromatosis is uncommon and its rarity poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This paper presents a recurrent aggressive fibromatosis in a 38 year old male patient, who had initially undergone a laparotomy outside for mass abdomen but only pus was evacuated and definitive diagnosis was not made.
SMOKING GENOTOXICITY IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES USING THE COMET ASSAY
Authors: Shetty Shobha S. , Nachane Hrishikesh
Published: June 2020

Background: Smoking has been shown to have a positive effect on DNA damage in almost all the cells of the body. Quantitative analysis of this damage will help in assessing the etiopathogenesis of various nicotine induced damage to the body. Comet assay has been an emerging tool in this regard and hence was applied by us to estimate the severity of DNA damage in smokers.

Aims & Objectives: To evaluate the DNA genotoxicity in peripheral blood lymphocytes in smokers and their comparison with non smokers & assess the quantitative damage.

Materials and methods: 30 smokers & 20 non smokers were recruited & their peripheral blood was taken for the comet assay to look for Olive moment & Tail moment to quantitatively assess the DNA damage due to cigarette smoking.

Results: In our study there was no significant difference in the analysis of DNA damage (with regard to tail moment & olive moment) in smokers versus non smokers (P value: more than 0.05).

Conclusions: Though smoking is known to cause DNA damage, we did not find significant differences between the two groups probably due to other multifactorial etiologies for genotoxicity.
MATERNAL HAEMOGLOBIN LEVEL AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH PREGNANCY OUTCOME AMONG MOTHERS
Authors: Francis Soumyamol , Nayak Sabitha
Published: June 2020

The study was conducted to assess the maternal haemoglobin level and its association with pregnancy outcome among mothers. The study design adopted was descriptive design, 100 antenatal mothers were selected by purposive sampling. The demographic Proforma were collected from the women by interview and Apgar scoring system,New Ballard score and infantometer used for assessing the pregnancy outcome. Data obtained in these areas were analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics. A significant relation was found between maternal haemoglobin level and pregnancy outcome such as type of delivery(0.039,P<0.05)and birth weight (.001,P<0.05) and a significant association was found between maternal haemoglobin and selected demographic variables such as income(.037,p<0.05) and BMI (.039,p<0.05). The findings of the study revealed that there is a association between maternal haemoglobin level and pregnancy outcome.
EVALUATION OF RENAL PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ADHATODA ZEYLANICA (MEDIC) LEAVES EXTRACT IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: Kumar Arunachalam , N. Suchetha Kumari , D'Souza Prima , Bhargavan Divya
Published: June 2020

The kidney is especially a susceptible organ to toxic injuries by drugs and toxin, because of a high blood supply and the presence of cellular transport systems that cause accumulation of these compounds within the nephron epithelial cells. Glomerular, tubular and interstitial cells frequently encounter significant concentrations of medications and their metabolites, which can induce changes in kidney function and structure. Renal toxicity can be a result of hemodynamic changes, direct injury to cells and tissue, inflammatory tissue injury and/or obstruction of renal excretion.

Gentamicin is potent broad spectrum antibiotic therapeutic agent used in a number of infective conditions. Because of the obvious mediation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Gentamicin induced renal damage. Several antioxidant agents have been used to block Gentamicin nephrotoxicity.

There is a proven converse relationship between the consumption of antioxidant rich plants incidence of human diseases. A primary goal of this study is to present the scientific evidence for the use of common herb Adhatoda zeylanica as supplementary in the gentamicin treated acute renal failure (ARF) subjects. The beneficial effect of A. Zeylanica against gentamicin nephrotoxicity, possibly depends on its ability to scavenge the gentamicin induced free radicals.

This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the extract improved with the polarity of the solvents over a period of 10 days and the plant has the potential to ameliorate Gentamicin nephrotoxicity.
TWO PHASE FOR A BETTER FACE!! TWIN BLOCK AND HEADGEAR FOLLOWED BY FIXED THERAPY FOR CLASS II CORRECTION
Authors: Nayak U S Krishna , Shetty Ashutosh , Soans Crystal Runa , Bhaskar Vivek
Published: June 2020

Correction of a skeletal sagittal Class II in a growing child can be done either in one single phase of treatment, or in two phases, i.e a first phase of functional appliance to reduce the severity of the skeletal discrepancy, followed by fixed appliance therapy to refine the occlusion. This 2 phase treatment has quite a few advantages such as early correction of the facial profile is seen by the child and parent, which motivates them, as well as, reduces the social handicap produced as a result of the malocclusion. Hence, this case report describes the treatment of a Class II child, with a Twin block appliance followed by fixed orthodontic treatment.
A Five-Year Review on Pediatric Foreign Body Aspiration
Authors: Nasir Zuraini Mohammad , Subha Sethu Thakachy
Published: June 2020

Introduction Foreign body aspiration is a leading cause of accidental death in children. Clinical presentation varies from non-specific respiratory symptoms to respiratory failure making diagnosis challenging.

Objective To review pediatric patients who underwent bronchoscopy due to suspicion of foreign body aspiration at a tertiary center in Malaysia.

Methods We retrospectively studied patients < 11 years old who underwent bronchoscopy from 2008 to 2018.

Results Over the 10-year period, 20 patients underwent bronchoscopy, and 16 were found to have foreign body aspiration with equal gender distribution. The most common age group was < 3 years old (75%). The most common clinical presentations were choking (82%) and stridor (31%). Foreign bodies were removed using flexible bronchoscope in 8 cases (50%), and difficulties were encountered in 6 cases (75%). Rigid ventilating bronchoscope was used in 8 cases (50%) with no difficulty. The most common object found was peanut (19%). The majority of foreign bodies were lodged in the right bronchus (43%). Eight patients (80%) received delayed treatment due to delayed diagnosis. The length of hospital stay was longer in the younger age groups.

Conclusion Clinical presentation and chest radiograph findings were comparable across all age groups. The most difficulties encountered during foreign body removal were via flexible bronchoscope, in children < 3 years old. There was no significant correlation between age and type of foreign body aspiration. The majority of patients who received delayed treatment were < 3 years old. The length of hospital stay was longer in the younger age groups.
Mobile Bearing versus Fixed Bearing for Total Knee Arthroplasty: Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials at Minimum 10-Year Follow-up
Authors: Chen Pu , Huang Liuwei , Zhang Dong , Zhang Xiaozhe , Ma Yufeng , Wang Qingfu
Published: June 2020

This meta-analysis aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes between mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty (MB-TKA) and fixed-bearing total knee arthroplasty (FB-TKA) at a minimum 10-year follow-up. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched. All included articles were evaluated by two trained reviewers according to the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook for potential risk, and the Consolidated Standards on Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist and scoring system was also used to assess the methodological quality of each study. The extracted data included function scores, range of motion (ROM) of the knee, incidence of adverse events or revision, survivorship analysis, and radiographic outcomes. Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this meta-analysis, and all RCTs had a follow-up period longer than 10 years. This meta-analysis shows no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the Keen Society Score (KSS; p = 0.38), KSS function score (p = 0.30), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC; p = 0.59), ROM (p = 0.71), radiolucent line (p = 0.45), femoral and tibial component positions in the coronal plane (p = 0.55 and 0.35, respectively), revision incidence (p = 0.77), and survivorship rates (p = 0.39). Meanwhile, it showed a slight difference between the two groups in the tibial component position in the sagittal plane (p = 0.003). According to this meta-analysis, the current best available evidence suggests no significant difference between the MB-TKA and FB-TKA groups with respect to the clinical outcomes, radiographic outcomes, revision, and survivorship at a minimum 10-year follow-up. This is a Level II, meta-analysis study.
Exploration of Sepsis-Associated Coagulopathy Severity and Pediatric Septic Shock Outcomes
Authors: Loberger Jeremy M. , Aban Inmaculada B. , Prabhakaran Priya
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was to explore correlations between sepsis-associated coagulopathy (SAC) in pediatric septic shock and clinical outcomes. This was a retrospective cohort study of all children admitted to a single, academic pediatric intensive care unit with septic shock over 6 years. The prevalence of SAC was 93.5% with 61% being severe. Those with severe SAC were more likely to have a positive blood culture and have longer median duration of ventilation. All observed mortalities occurred in the severe SAC and indeterminate SAC groups. SAC is highly prevalent in pediatric septic shock and may predict important outcomes.
Pathological Role of Angiotensin II in Severe COVID-19
Authors: Miesbach Wolfgang
Published: June 2020

The activated renin–angiotensin system induces a prothrombotic state resulting from the imbalance between coagulation and fibrinolysis. Angiotensin II is the central effector molecule of the activated renin–angiotensin system and is degraded by the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 to angiotensin (1–7). The novel coronavirus infection (classified as COVID-19) is caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and is characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response that can lead to severe manifestations such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, and death in a proportion of patients, mostly elderly patients with preexisting comorbidities. SARS-CoV-2 uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor to enter the target cells, resulting in activation of the renin–angiotensin system. After downregulating the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II is increasingly produced and its counterregulating molecules angiotensin (1–7) reduced. Angiotensin II increases thrombin formation and impairs fibrinolysis. Elevated levels were strongly associated with viral load and lung injury in patients with severe COVID-19. Therefore, the complex clinical picture of patients with severe complications of COVID-19 is triggered by the various effects of highly expressed angiotensin II on vasculopathy, coagulopathy, and inflammation. Future treatment options should focus on blocking the thrombogenic and inflammatory properties of angiotensin II in COVID-19 patients.
Acute Lower Limb Ischemia—Etiology, Pathology, and Management
Authors: Natarajan Balaji , Patel Prashant , Mukherjee Ashis
Published: June 2020

Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is a vascular emergency associated with a high risk for limb loss and death. Most cases result from in situ thrombosis in patients with preexisting peripheral arterial disease or those who have undergone vascular procedures including stenting and bypass grafts. The other common source is cardioembolic. The incidence has decreased in recent times due to better anticoagulation strategies. Patients with suspected ALI should be evaluated promptly by a vascular specialist and consideration should be given for transfer to a higher level of care if such expertise is not available locally. Initial assessment should focus on staging severity of ischemic injury and potential for limb salvage. Neurological deficits can occur early and are an important poor prognostic sign. Duplex ultrasound and computed tomography angiography help plan intervention in patients with a still-viable limb and prompt catheter-based angiography is mandated in patients with an immediately threatened limb. Further investigations need to be pursued to differentiate embolic from thrombotic cause for acute occlusion as this can change management. Options include intravascular interventions, surgical bypass, or a hybrid approach. In this article, the authors discuss the common etiologies, clinical evaluation, and management of patients presenting with acute limb ischemia.
Verbal borrowability and turnover rates
Authors: Arkhangelskiy Timofey
Published: June 2020

Conventional wisdom holds that verbs are more difficult to borrow than nouns. Recent studies have supported this claim, inferring it from the fact that synchronically almost every language studied contains a larger proportion of identifiable borrowings among nouns than among verbs. In this paper, I demonstrate that, while true, there is a logical fallacy in this inference. Using a large diachronic corpus of Russian texts, I show that verbs have lower turnover rates and, consequently, longer life expectancies than nouns, i.e., they are generally more difficult to replace. I argue that this fact alone could theoretically result in the synchronically observed disparities. The hypothesis of cross-linguistically lower verbal turnover rates, which I propose based on these findings, is difficult to verify directly on a large sample of languages. However, it makes a non-trivial prediction, which can be tested more easily. It predicts that if a contact situation lasted for a while, but ceased to exist several centuries ago, the proportion of verbs borrowed during that period and surviving to the present day may equal or exceed the proportion of such borrowings among nouns. The data found in the World Loanword Database (Haspelmath & Tadmor 2009) are consistent with this prediction, thus providing evidence in favor of the hypothesis.
Stabilisation agriculture: reviewing an emerging concept with case studies from Afghanistan and Iraq
Authors: Adam-Bradford Andrew , Elkahlout Ghassan , Byrne Richard , Wright Julia , Rahman Mohammed
Published: June 2020

Stabilisation Agriculture has been defined as a focus on enhancing the ecological and social resilience of agricultural communities to withstand and respond to adverse conditions in countries affected by disasters, ranging from climate events to conflict and complex emergencies. However, in this review paper, rather than taking a broad disaster risk management approach to the topic, a focus is made on the nexus between agriculture, food security and conflict. Food insecurity, for example, can trigger instability and conflict, leading to the collapse of agricultural infrastructure, the loss of farm labour, and local farming knowledge through loss of life and forced migration. This cycle becomes endemic and reinforcing, often resulting in chronic food shortages and eventually conflict-driven famine. Hence, why an emphasis on post-conflict “stabilisation” is made in this examination of the emerging concept of Stabilisation Agriculture. Case studies from Afghanistan and Iraq are used to illustrate the benefits of elevating agriculture as a critical response tool in post-conflict and stabilisation settings, and following a subsequent discussion that explores the critical synergies in this emerging field, a redefined definition of Stabilisation Agriculture is proposed along with recommendations for future development through policy inclusion and mainstreaming, post-conflict programming and applied research.
The frustration of being odd: how boundary conditions can destroy local order
Authors: Marić Vanja , Giampaolo Salvatore Marco , Kuić Domagoj , Franchini Fabio
Published: June 2020

A central tenant in the classification of phases is that boundary conditions cannot affect the bulk properties of a system. In this work, we show striking, yet puzzling, evidence of a clear violation of this assumption. We use the prototypical example of an XYZ chain with no external field in a ring geometry with an odd number of sites and both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. In such a setting, even at finite sizes, we are able to calculate directly the spontaneous magnetizations that are traditionally used as order parameters to characterize the system’s phases. When ferromagnetic interactions dominate, we recover magnetizations that in the thermodynamic limit lose any knowledge about the boundary conditions and are in complete agreement with standard expectations. On the contrary, when the system is governed by antiferromagnetic interactions, the magnetizations decay algebraically to zero with the system size and are not staggered, despite the antiferromagnetic coupling. We term this behavior ferromagnetic mesoscopic magnetization. Hence, in the antiferromagnetic regime, our results show an unexpected dependence of a local, one-spin expectation values on the boundary conditions, which is in contrast with predictions from the general theory.
Tail wavelets in merger of binary compact objects *
Authors: Lin Kai , Qian Wei-Liang , Fan Xilong , Zhang Hongsheng
Published: June 2020

We present a model for tail wavelets, a phenomenon known as “echo” in the literature. The tail wavelet may appear in signal reconnaissances in the merger of binary compact objects, including black holes and neutron stars. We show that the dark matter surrounding the compact objects lead to a speculated tail wavelet following the main gravitational wave (GW). We demonstrate that the radiation pressure of the main wave is fully capable of pushing away the surrounding matter to some altitude, and splashing down of the matter excites the tail wavelet after ringing down of the main wave. We illustrate this concept in a simplified model, where numerical estimations are conducted on the specific distribution of dark matter outside the black hole horizon and the threshold values in accordance with observations. We study the full back reaction of the surrounding dark matter to the metric and find that the effect on to the tail wavelets is insignificant. We reveal the fine difference between the tail wavelets of a dressed and a bare black hole. We demonstrate that the tail wavelet can appear as a natural phenomenon in the frame of general relativity, without invoking modified gravities or quantum effects.
Astrophysical 22Mg(p, γ)23Al reaction rates from asymptotic normalization coefficient of 23Ne→22Ne+n *
Authors: Li Xin-Yue , Guo Bing , Li Zhi-Hong , Liu Wei-Ping
Published: June 2020

The radionuclide 22Na generates the emission of a characteristic 1.275 MeV

-ray. This is a potential astronomical observable, whose occurrence is suspected in classical novae. The

reaction is relevant to the nucleosynthesis of 22Na in Ne-rich novae. In this study, employing the adiabatic distorted wave approximation and continuum discretized coupled channel methods, the squared neutron asymptotic normalization coefficients (ANCs) for the virtual decay of

+ n were extracted, and determined as

fm−1 and

fm−1 for the ground state and the first excited state from the experimental angular distributions of

populating the ground state and the first excited state of

, respectively. Then, the squared proton ANC of

was obtained as

fm−1 according to the charge symmetry of the strong interaction. The astrophysical S-factors and reaction rates for the direct capture contribution in

were also presented. Furthermore, the proton width of the first excited state of

was derived to be

eV from the neutron ANC of its mirror state in

and used to compute the contribution from the first resonance of

. This result demonstrates that the direct capture dominates the

reaction at most temperatures of astrophysical relevance for

.
Novel relativistic mean field Lagrangian guided by pseudo-spin symmetry restoration *
Authors: Wei Bin , Zhao Qiang , Wang Zhi-Heng , Geng Jing , Sun Bao-Yuan , Niu Yi-Fei , Long Wen-Hui
Published: June 2020

The relativistic mean field (RMF) model has achieved great success in describing various nuclear phenomena. However, several serious defects are common. For instance, the pseudo-spin symmetry of high-l orbits is distinctly violated in general, leading to spurious shell closures

and

. This leads to problems in describing structure properties, including shell structures, nuclear masses, etc. Guided by the pseudo-spin symmetry restoration [Geng et al., Phys. Rev. C, 100: 051301 (2019)], a new RMF Lagrangian DD-LZ1 is developed by considering the density-dependent meson-nucleon coupling strengths. With the newly obtained RMF Lagrangian DD-LZ1, satisfactory descriptions can be obtained for the bulk properties of nuclear matter and finite nuclei. In particular, significant improvements on describing the single-particle spectra are achieved by DD-LZ1. In particular, the spurious shell closures

and

, commonly found in previous RMF calculations, are eliminated by the new effective interaction DD-LZ1, and consistently the pseudo-spin symmetry (PSS) around the Fermi levels is reasonably restored for both low-l and high-l orbits. Moreover, the description of nuclear masses is also notably improved by DD-LZ1, as compared to the other RMF Lagrangians.
Quantum bit threads of MERA tensor network in large c limit *
Authors: Chen Chong-Bin , Shu Fu-Wen , Wu Meng-He
Published: June 2020

The Ryu-Takayanagi (RT) formula plays a large role in the current theory of gauge-gravity duality and emergent geometry phenomena. The recent reinterpretation of this formula in terms of a set of “bit threads” is an interesting effort in understanding holography. In this study, we investigate a quantum generalization of the “bit threads” based on a tensor network, with particular focus on the multi-scale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA). We demonstrate that, in the large c limit, isometries of the MERA can be regarded as “sources” (or “sinks”) of the information flow, which extensively modifies the original picture of bit threads by introducing a new variable ρ: density of the isometries. In this modified picture of information flow, the isometries can be viewed as generators of the flow. The strong subadditivity and related properties of the entanglement entropy are also obtained in this new picture. The large c limit implies that classical gravity can emerge from the information flow.
Highly porous tungsten for plasma-facing applications in nuclear fusion power plants: a computational analysis of hollow nanoparticles
Authors: Díaz-Rodríguez Pablo , Munoz Francisco , Rogan José , Martín-Bragado Ignacio , Perlado J.M. , Peña-Rodríguez Ovidio , Rivera Antonio , Valencia Felipe J.
Published: June 2020

Plasma-facing materials (PFMs) for nuclear fusion, either in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) or in magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) approaches, must withstand extremely hostile irradiation conditions. Mitigation strategies are plausible in some cases, but usually the best, or even the only, solution for feasible plant designs is to rely on PFMs able to tolerate these irradiation conditions. Unfortunately, many studies report a lack of appropriate materials that have a good thermomechanical response and are not prone to deterioration by means of irradiation damage. The most deleterious effects are vacancy clustering and the retention of light species, as is the case for tungsten. In an attempt to find new radiation-resistant materials, we studied tungsten hollow nanoparticles under different irradiation scenarios that mimic ICF and MCF conditions. By means of classical molecular dynamics, we determined that these particles can resist astonishingly high temperatures (up to ∼3000 K) and huge internal pressures (>5 GPa at 3000 K) before rupture. In addition, in the case of gentle pressure increase (ICF scenarios), a self-healing mechanism leads to the formation of an opening through which gas atoms are able to escape. The opening disappears as the pressure drops, restoring the original particle. Regarding radiation damage, object kinetic Monte Carlo simulations show an additional self-healing mechanism. At the temperatures of interest, defects (including clusters) easily reach the nanoparticle surface and disappear, which makes the hollow nanoparticles promising for ICF designs. The situation is less promising for MCF because the huge ion densities expected at the surface of PFMs lead to inevitable particle rupture.
Uncatalysed Polycondensation of Lactic Acid to Polylactic Acid Under Microwave Irradiation: Effect of Microwave Power
Authors: Shahrul Nizan Shikh Zahari S. M. , Mansor Muhammad Humaidi , Azman Hazeeq Hazwan , Rosli Dzulfadli
Published: June 2020

In this study, polycondensation of 88wt% lactic acid (LA) was performed by irradiating LA with microwave at different powers (P=250, 440, 715 and 900W) for 5 min, in the absence of a catalyst. The recovered products were analysed by attenuated total reflectance-infrared (ATR-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that raising microwave power resulted in a significant increase in mass loss, even much higher than the water content of the fresh LA (12wt%). Such an observation was likely to be caused by two occurrences. The first is associated with the evaporation of 12wt% of water molecules in the fresh LA that escalated upon increasing microwave power. This is supported by ATR-IR analysis illustrating a decreasing trend in the intensity of O-H stretching band. The second is linked to the intensified polycondensation of LA to polylactic acid (PLA) when elevating microwave power, forming more ester bonds and consequently eliminating more water molecules. The increased formation ester bonds was evidenced by the shift in Tonset values towards higher temperatures, as exhibited by TGA profiles. As overall, the outcomes of this study could lead to a cost effective and energy saving production of biodegradable plastics, substituting the time-consuming conventional heating.
Analytical Solution of Homogeneous One-Dimensional Heat Equation with Neumann Boundary Conditions
Authors: Subani Norazlina , Jamaluddin Faizzuddin , Mohamed Muhammad Arif Hannan , Badrolhisam Ahmad Danial Hidayatullah
Published: June 2020

A partial differential equation is an equation which includes derivatives of an unknown function with respect to two or more independent variables. The analytical solution is needed to obtain the exact solution of partial differential equation. To solve these partial differential equations, the appropriate boundary and initial conditions are needed. The general solution is dependent not only on the equation, but also on the boundary conditions. In other words, these partial differential equations will have different general solution when paired with different sets of boundary conditions. In the present study, the homogeneous one-dimensional heat equation will be solved analytically by using separation of variables method. Our main objective is to determine the general and specific solution of heat equation based on analytical solution. To verify our objective, the heat equation will be solved based on the different functions of initial conditions on Neumann boundary conditions. The results have been compared with different values of initial conditions but the boundary condition remain the same. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that increase the number of n will reduce the heat temperature and the time taken. For short length of the rod, the heat temperature quickly converges to zero and take less time to release or reduced the heat temperature when compared to the long length of the rod.
Graph Analysis Study of a City Bus Transit Network
Authors: Rahman Atiqur S.M. , Magalingam Pritheega , Kamaruddin Norshaliza Binti , Samy Ganthan Narayana , Maarop Nurazean , Perumal Sundaresan
Published: June 2020

Graph analysis approach was used to analyze a city bus network. The bus trip data were segregated into 4 smaller bus datasets (weekday-peak-hour, weekday-off-peak-hour, weekend-peak-hour, and weekend-off-peak-hour) with the main goal of studying and identifying the differences between peak hours and off-peak hours, as well as between weekdays and weekends. These differences are identified in terms of global characteristics and network evolution distinctions. Based on the analysis of the simplified network, we identified the relative shape of the networks and the centrality attributes. A comparative analysis is performed between the networks at different times to understand the impact of peak against off-peak and weekday against weekends. Significant differences are found in the analysis. In addition to the above, highly important routes and stops were also identified, where optimization initiative is planned for a more efficient bus transport network. The findings can serve as a starting point for future route optimization of the similar network.