bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: The First Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Direct Introduction of α‐Mercaptoacetic Acid/Amide Units into Morita—Baylis—Hillman Acetates.
Authors: Yadav Lal Dhar S. , Rai Viaji K.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Recyclable Triethylammonium Ion‐Tagged Diphenylphosphine Palladium Complex for the Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Lombardo Marco , Chiarucci Michel , Trombini Claudio
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzophenones from Geminal Biaryl Ethenes Using m‐Chloroperbenzoic Acid.
Authors: Singh Fateh V. , Milagre Humberto M. S. , Eberlin Marcos N. , Stefani Helio A.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative [4 + 1] Cyclization of γ‐Methylidene‐δ‐valerolactones with Isocyanides.
Authors: Park Soyoung , Shintani Ryo , Hayashi Tamio
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Nanoparticle‐Supported Glutathione: A Conceptually Sustainable Organocatalyst.
Authors: Polshettiwar Vivek , Baruwati Babita , Varma Rajender S.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalyst‐Free Protocol for the Green and Efficient Condensation of Indoles with Aldehydes in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Zare Abdolkarim , Parhami Abolfath , Moosavi‐Zare Ahmad Reza , Hasaninejad Alireza , Khalafi‐Nezhad Ali , Beyzavi Mohammad Hassan
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Diazoacetate Compounds to Terminal Alkynes Promoted by Zn(OTf)2: An Efficient Way to the Preparation of Pyrazoles.
Authors: He Sheng , Chen Li , Niu Yan‐Ning , Wu Lu‐Yong , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of 2‐Isoxazolines by a One‐Flask Conjugate Addition/Oxime‐Transfer Process.
Authors: Pohjakallio Antti , Pihko Petri M.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles, 1,3,4‐Thiadiazoles and 1,2,4‐Triazoles.
Authors: Padmavathi V. , Reddy G. Sudhakar , Padmaja A. , Kondaiah P. , Ali‐Shazia Ali‐Shazia
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Picoline‐Catalyzed Hetero‐Diels—Alder Type Reactions: One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrano[4,3‐c]chromenes.
Authors: Terzidis Michael A. , Dimitriadou Eleni , Tsoleridis Constantinos A. , Stephanidou‐Stephanatou Julia
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot [Bmim]OH‐Mediated Synthesis of 3‐Benzamidocoumarins.
Authors: Yadav Lal Dhar S. , Singh Santosh , Rai Vijai K.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfuric Acid Promoted Condensation Cyclization of 2‐(2‐(Trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)anilines with Arylaldehydes in Alcoholic Solvents: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 4‐Alkoxy‐2‐arylquinolines
Authors: Wang Yong , Peng Changlan , Liu Lanying , Zhao Jiaji , Su Li , Zhu Qiang
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogenous Catalytic Method for the Synthesis of Biquinolines and Bipyridines.
Authors: Aksenov A. V. , Goncharov V. I.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Coupling of Isoquinoline, Activated Alkyne and Nitromethane: A Facile Synthesis of Nitromethyl Derivatives of 1,2‐Dihydroisoquinolines.
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Reddy Basi V. Subba , Yadav Nagendra Nath , Gupta Manoj K.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: AgOTf and TfOH Co‐Catalyzed Isoquinoline Synthesis via Redox Reactions of O‐Alkyl Oximes.
Authors: Hwang Soojin , Lee Youngun , Lee Phil Ho , Shin Seunghoon
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New Indolizine and Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoline Derivatives via Nitrogen Ylides.
Authors: Dawood Kamal M. , Ragab Eman A. , Mohamed Sanaa N.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diazinium Salts with Dihydroxyacetophenone Skeleton: Syntheses and Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: Balan Ana Maria , Florea Ondina , Moldoveanu Costel , Zbancioc Gheorghita , Iurea Dorina , Mangalagiu Ionel I.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Calcium Fluoride: An Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones and Their Corresponding 2(1H)Thione: An Improved High‐Yielding Protocol for the Biginelli Reaction.
Authors: Chitra S. , Pandiarajan K.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Macrolactone from Benzo[a]phenazine with Potent Activity Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Authors: Silva Raphael S. F. , Pinto Maria do Carmo F. R. , Goulart Marilia O. F. , de Souza Filho Jose D. , Neves Ivan Jr. , Lourenco Maria Cristina S. , Pinto Antonio V.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Opening of Unprotected Aziridines by Zinc Selenolates in a Biphasic System.
Authors: Braga Antonio L. , Schwab Ricardo S. , Alberto Eduardo E. , Salman Syed M. , Vargas Josimar , Azeredo Juliano B.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies Toward the Total Synthesis of YW3699, a Sesterterpenoid GPI Biosynthesis Inhibitor: Preparation of the Trisubstituted Cyclooctene Ring Using the RCM Reaction.
Authors: Mizutani Reiko , Nakashima Katsuyuki , Saito Yoshinori , Sono Masakazu , Tori Motoo
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Phomactin A (I).
Authors: Tang Yu , Cole Kevin P. , Buchanan Grant S. , Li Gang , Hsung Richard P.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Compounds and Structures in the Solid State
Authors: Cussen Edmund J.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Applications of Organized Mesoporous Aluminas
Authors: Marquez‐Alvarez Carlos , Zilkova Nadezda , Perez‐Pariente Joaquin , Cejka Jiri
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State NMR Investigation of Ligand Mobility and Reactivity in Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Chierotti Michele R. , Gobetto Roberto
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformationally Complex π‐Conjugated Molecular and Polymeric Materials: New Challenges for Organic Synthesis.
Authors: Guthrie Daryl A. , Tovar John D.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Three‐Component Reactions. An Update
Authors: Syamala M.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Correlations in the Structure and Dynamics of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Gray‐Weale Angus
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unconventional Activators in the Synthesis of Oligonucleotides and Their Structural Analogues.
Authors: Dabkowski Wojciech , Michalski Jan
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Biosynthetic Logic of Polyketide Diversity
Authors: Hertweck Christian
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Perspectives on Computational Organic Chemistry
Authors: Streitwieser Andrew
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Analysis of Fucoidans
Authors: Bilan Maria I. , Usov Anatolii I.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoacoustic Spectroscopy
Authors: Zelinger Zdenek , Strizik Michal
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Novel Mutation of the Beta Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Responsible for Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wang Juan , Xu Shi‐Jie , Zhou Hua , Wang Li‐Jie , Hu Bo , Fang Fang , Zhang Xu‐Min , Luo Yi‐Wei , He Xiao‐Yan , Zhuang Shao‐Wei , Li Xin‐Ming , Liu Zhong‐Ming , Hu Da‐Yi
Published: July 2009

Background

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disorder and shows high variability in genetic heterogeneity and phenotypic characteristics. The genetic etiology responsible for HCM in many individuals remains unclear.

Objective

This instigation was sought to identify novel genetic determinants for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Methods

Six unrelated Chinese families with HCM were studied. For each of the 13 established HCM‐susceptibility genes, 3 to 5 microsatellite markers were selected to perform genotyping and haplotype analysis. The linked genes were sequenced.

Results

Haplotype analyses on candidate genetic loci revealed cosegregation of the gene β‐myosin heavy chain (MYH7) with HCM in a single family. A novel double heterozygous missense mutation of Ala26Val plus Arg719Trp in MYH7 was subsequently identified by sequencing in this family and was associated with a severe phenotype of HCM.

Conclusion

The novel double mutation of Ala26Val plus Arg719Trp in MYH7 identified in a Chinese family highlights the remarkable genetic heterogeneity of HCM, which provides important information for genetic counseling, accurate diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and appropriate clinical management. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Docking Studies of Structurally Diverse Antimalarial Drugs Targeting PfATP6: No Correlation between in silico Binding Affinity and in vitro Antimalarial Activity.
Authors: Garah Fatima Bousejra‐El , Stigliani Jean‐Luc , Coslédan Frédéric , Meunier Bernard , Robert Anne
Published: July 2009

PfATP6, a calcium‐dependent ATPase of Plasmodium falciparum, is considered the putative target of the antimalarial drug artemisinin and its derivatives. Herein, the 3D structure of PfATP6 was modeled on the basis of the crystal structure of SERCA 1a, the mammalian homologue. Model validation was achieved using protein structure checking tools. AutoDock4 was used to predict the binding affinities of artemisinin (and analogues) and various other antimalarial agents for PfATP6, for which in vitro activity is also reported. No correlation was found between the affinity of the compounds for PfATP6 predicted by AutoDock4 and their antimalarial activity.
Knowledge, cultural, and attitudinal barriers to mammography screening among nonadherent immigrant Chinese women
Authors: Wang Judy H. , Mandelblatt Jeanne S. , Liang Wenchi , Yi Bin , Ma I‐Jung , Schwartz Marc D.
Published: July 2009

BACKGROUND:

Chinese‐American women have much lower mammography screening rates than the general population. This study examined the collective impact of knowledge, cultural views, and health beliefs on intentions to obtain mammography among Chinese women who had not had a mammogram in the previous year.

METHODS:

Five hundred sixty‐six immigrant Chinese women from the Washington, District of Columbia and New York metropolitan areas completed baseline assessments for a longitudinal intervention study. Validated surveys were used to measure variables of interest. The outcomes were 1) past mammography use (ever vs never) and 2) future screening intention.

RESULTS:

Only 35% of the participants reported intentions to obtain mammograms, with approximately 19% of the never users reporting intentions (vs 44% ever users). Ever users had higher knowledge (odds ratio [OR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03‐1.25), less Eastern cultural views (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70‐0.87), and perceived fewer barriers (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70‐0.87) than never users, controlling for covariates. Never users were more likely to be recent immigrants, have low income, have limited English ability, and lack regular sources of care than ever users (all P < .001). Multivariate models showed that ever users who were employed received physician recommendations, had less Eastern views, perceived higher susceptibility, and were more likely to have intentions. Among never users, being 40‐49 years of age and perceiving fewer barriers led to increased intention.

CONCLUSIONS:

Understanding cultural patterns and health beliefs in Chinese women is critical to changing their screening behaviors. Interventions that address their common beliefs and specific group barriers are optimal for promoting mammography adherence. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Trust‐based robust scheduling and runtime adaptation of scientific workflow
Authors: Wang Mingzhong , Ramamohanarao Kotagiri , Chen Jinjun
Published: July 2009

Robustness and reliability with respect to the successful completion of a schedule are crucial requirements for scheduling in scientific workflow management systems because service providers are becoming autonomous. We introduce a model to incorporate trust, which indicates the probability that a service agent will comply with its commitments to improve the predictability and stability of the schedule. To deal with exceptions during the execution of a schedule, we adapt and evolve the schedule at runtime by interleaving the processes of evaluating, scheduling, executing and monitoring in the life cycle of the workflow management. Experiments show that schedules maximizing participants' trust are more likely to survive and succeed in open and dynamic environments. The results also prove that the proposed approach of workflow evaluation can find the most robust execution flow efficiently, thus avoiding the need of scheduling every possible execution path in the workflow definition. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Undecylenic Acid: A Valuable and Physiologically Active Renewable Building Block from Castor Oil
Authors: Van der Steen Marijke , Stevens Christian V.
Published: July 2009

A lot of attention is currently being paid to the transition to a biobased economy. In this movement, most efforts concentrate on the development of bioenergy applications including bioethanol, biodiesel, thermochemical conversion of biomass, and others. However, in the energy sector other nonbiomass alternatives are known, whereas no valuable alternatives are available when thinking about chemical building blocks. Therefore, it is also essential to develop new routes for the synthesis of bio‐based chemicals and materials derived thereof. Such intermediates can originate either from plants or from animals. Castor oil is a non‐edible oil extracted from the seeds of the castor bean plant Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae), which grows in tropical and subtropical areas. Globally, around one million tons of castor seeds are produced every year, the leading producing areas being India, PR China, and Brazil.2 10‐Undecenoic acid or undecylenic acid is a fatty acid derived from castor oil that, owing to its bifunctional nature, has many possibilities to develop sustainable applications.
Flow cytometric in situ proximity ligation analyses of protein interactions and post‐translational modification of the epidermal growth factor receptor family
Authors: Leuchowius Karl‐Johan , Weibrecht Irene , Landegren Ulf , Gedda Lars , Söderberg Ola
Published: July 2009

Interactions between members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family mediates cellular responses to ligand stimulation. Measurement of these interactions could provide important information and may prove useful as prognostic markers in malignancy. Therefore, to develop methods to study these interactions in genetically unmodified cells, such as clinical samples, in a sensitive and selective way, with good statistical accuracy, is important. The in situ proximity ligation assay (in situ PLA) was used to quantify homo‐ and heteromeric interactions between EGFR and HER2 in cultured cells, using flow cytometry as the readout method. Cells were monitored for changes in dimerization patterns and phosphorylation status upon stimulation. The different cell lines displayed varying amounts of interactions between EGFR and HER2, but the amount of dimerization was not found to be affected significantly upon stimulation by EGF. Activation of EGFR could be visualized by in situ PLA, but not by immunofluorescence staining. In situ PLA was successfully used to study receptor dimerization and activation of the EGF‐receptor family with high selectivity and sensitivity. The combination of in situ PLA and flow cytometry provided a statistically powerful way of analyzing protein‐protein interactions and post‐translational modifications on a single‐cell basis. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Virtual reservation scheme for supporting CBR multimedia services with strict QoS performance over WLAN and wireless mesh
Authors: Ohayon Rony
Published: July 2009

Carrier sense multiple access and its variants have been widely used in mobilead hocnetworks. However, most existing access mechanisms cannot guarantee quality of service for real‐time traffic. In this paper, we present a novel approach to guarantee the performance of real‐time applications such as voice and video that require periodic access to the wireless local area network (WLAN) channel. Our approach can work either with distributed coordination function or enhanced distributed coordination function, and includes distributed reservations of time slots between the stations sharing the WLAN without the need to send any signaling or control messages. Stations can access the wireless medium only if they are able to complete the frame transmission without interruption to the reserved slots of existing real‐time sessions. Simulation results indicate that the proposed mechanism provides high channel utilization, and bounded delays and jitter for real‐time traffic. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance analysis of system with L‐branch selection combining over correlated Weibull fading channels in the presence of cochannel interference
Authors: Stefanović Mihajlo Č. , Draća Dragan Lj. , Panajotović Aleksandra S. , Sekulović Nikola M.
Published: July 2009

In this paper, the performance of L‐branch selection combining receiver over correlated Weibull fading channels in the presence of correlated Weibull‐distributed cochannel interference is analyzed. Closed‐form expressions for probability density function and cumulative distribution function of the signal‐to‐interference ratio at the output of the selection combining receiver present main contribution of this paper. Numerical results are also presented to show the effects of various parameters as the fading severity, correlation and number of branches on outage probability. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pursuing community forestry in Liberia
Authors: Lamb Jennifer N. , Moore Keith M. , Smith Robert
Published: July 2009

While Liberian forests are a biodiversity hotspot and integral to the livelihoods of indigenous communities, 14 years of conflict forestry turned this national asset into a source of economic inequality and corruption in an extreme example of a ‘natural resource curse’. Moreover, overharvesting of timber through the conflict period has endangered community livelihoods and raised concerns regarding resource sustainability from international conservation organizations. Since the end of conflict in 2003, the Liberian government has forged international partnerships to create a reformed policy framework balancing commercial, conservation and community (the three Cs) interests. In an effort to contribute to the larger body of work on the role of natural resource management institutions in the creation and fostering of the resource curse, this paper offers a case study of timber in Liberia. We feel that an in‐depth understanding of the Liberian case clarifies the challenge of timber as an extractive commodity and how the institutional framework can be shaped to provide a positive contribution to economic development. The discussion focuses on the historical development of Liberian land and forest tenure institutions that lead to poverty, ecological degradation and conflict. Tracing the more recent implementation of the three Cs, this paper analyzes the current conditions of community engagement and outlines critical steps to be taken for Liberia to escape further resource driven cycles of conflict. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Stable‐Ion NMR Spectroscopy and GIAO‐DFT Study of Carbocations Derived from Multibridged [3n]Cyclophanes
Authors: Laali Kenneth K. , Okazaki Takao , Kitagawa Toshikazu , Shinmyozu Teruo
Published: July 2009

Mono‐ and diprotonation of the tri‐, tetra‐, and pentabridged cyclophanes [33](1,3,5)cyclophane (4), [34](1,2,3,5)cyclophane (5), and [35](1,2,3,4,5)cyclophane (6) were realized, and NMR spectroscopic studies of the resulting carbocations are reported. Unlike [2.2]paracyclophane and its fluorinated analogs that are protonated at a position ipso to the ethano‐bridge, the monocations derived from 4, 5, and 6 are protonated at the unsubstituted ring positions. Protonation regioselectivity in the dications is pseudo‐meta for 4 and 5 at unsubstituted ring positions, but for more‐crowded 6 the second protonation occurs at a position that is ipso to the trimethylene bridge. Transannular π–π interactions in the monocations are manifested in the observed proton deshielding in the unprotonated π‐deck. DFT and GIAO‐DFT were employed to study the mono‐ and dications for comparison with the solution studies in superacids. GIAO‐derived ΔNICS(1)zz data for the [3n]cyclophane monocations imply decreased aromaticity in the cofacial unprotonated arene, consistent with transannular donor–acceptor interactions.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A 2‐D‐HPLC‐CE platform coupled to ESI‐TOF‐MS to characterize the phenolic fraction in olive oil
Authors: García‐Villalba Rocío , Carrasco‐Pancorbo Alegría , Vázquez‐Martín Alejandro , Oliveras‐Ferraros Cristina , Menéndez Javier A. , Segura‐Carretero Antonio , Fernández‐Gutiérrez Alberto
Published: July 2009

A 2‐D‐HPLC/CE method was developed to separate and characterize more in depth the phenolic fraction of olive oil samples. The method involves the use of semi‐preparative HPLC (C18 column 250×10 mm, 5 μm) as a first dimension of separation to isolate phenolic fractions from commercial extra‐virgin olive oils and CE coupled to TOF‐MS (CE‐TOF‐MS) as a second dimension, to analyze the composition of the isolated fractions. Using this method, a large number of compounds were tentatively identified, some of them by first time, based on the information concerning high mass accuracy and the isotopic pattern provided by TOF‐MS analyzer together with the chemical knowledge and the behavior of the compounds in HPLC and CE. From these results it can be concluded that 2‐D‐HPLC‐CE‐MS provides enough resolving power to separate hundreds of compounds from highly complex samples, such as olive oil. Furthermore, in this paper, the isolated phenolic fractions have been used for two specific applications: quantification of some components of extra‐virgin olive oil samples in terms of pure fractions, and in vitro studies of its anti‐carcinogenic capacity.
ERP generator anomalies in presymptomatic carriers of the Alzheimer's disease E280APS‐1mutation
Authors: Bobes María A. , García Yuriem Fernández , Lopera Francisco , Quiroz Yakeel T. , Galán Lídice , Vega Mayrim , Trujillo Nelson , Valdes‐Sosa Mitchell , Valdes‐Sosa Pedro
Published: July 2009

Although subtle anatomical anomalies long precede the onset of clinical symptoms in Alzheimer's disease, their impact on the reorganization of brain networks underlying cognitive functions has not been fully explored. A unique window into this reorganization is provided by presymptomatic cases of familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). Here we studied neural circuitry related to semantic processing in presymptomatic FAD cases by estimating the intracranial sources of the N400 event‐related potential (ERP). ERPs were obtained during a semantic‐matching task from 24 presymptomatic carriers and 25 symptomatic carriers of the E280A presenilin‐1 (PS‐1) mutation, as well as 27 noncarriers (from the same families). As expected, the symptomatic‐carrier group performed worse in the matching task and had lower N400 amplitudes than both asymptomatic groups, which did not differ from each other on these variables. However, N400 topography differed in mutation carrier groups with respect to the noncarriers. Intracranial source analysis evinced that the presymptomatic‐carriers presented a decrease of N400 generator strength in right inferior‐temporal and medial cingulate areas and increased generator strength in the left hippocampus and parahippocampus compared to the controls. This represents alterations in neural function without translation into behavioral impairments. Compared to controls, the symptomatic‐carriers presented a similar anatomical shift in the distribution of N400 generators to that found in presymptomatic‐carriers, albeit with a larger reduction in generator strength. The redistribution of N400 generators in presymptomatic‐carriers indicates that early focal degeneration associated with the mutation induces neural reorganization, possibly contributing to a functional compensation that enables normal performance in the semantic task. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of schizophrenia‐risk gene dysbindin 1 on brain activation in bilateral middle frontal gyrus during a working memory task in healthy individuals
Authors: Markov Valentin , Krug Axel , Krach Sören , Jansen Andreas , Eggermann Thomas , Zerres Karl , Stöcker Tony , Shah N. Jon , Nöthen Markus M. , Treutlein Jens , Rietschel Marcella , Kircher Tilo
Published: July 2009

Working memory (WM) dysfunction is a hallmark feature of schizophrenia. Functional imaging studies using WM tasks have documented both prefrontal hypo‐ and hyperactivation in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is highly heritable, and it is unclear which susceptibility genes modulate WM and its neural correlates. A strong linkage between genetic variants in the dysbindin 1 gene and schizophrenia has been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the DTNBP1 schizophrenia susceptibility gene on WM and its neural correlates in healthy individuals. Fifty‐seven right‐handed, healthy male volunteers genotyped for DTNBP1 SNP rs1018381 status were divided in heterozygous risk‐allele carriers (T/C) and homozygous noncarriers (C/C). WM was assessed by a 2‐back vs. 0‐back version of the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), while brain activation was measured with fMRI. DTNBP1 SNP rs1018381 carrier status was determined and correlated with WM performance and brain activation. Despite any differences in behavioral performance, risk‐allele carriers exhibited significantly increased activation of the bilateral middle frontal gyrus (BA 9), a part of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), compared to noncarriers. This difference did not correlate with WM performance. The fMRI data provide evidence for an influence of genetic variation in DTNBP1 gene region tagged by SNP rs1018381 on bilateral middle frontal gyrus activation during a WM task. The increased activation in these brain areas may be a consequence of “inefficient” or compensatory DLPFC cognitive control functions. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tetrakis‐phthalocyanines bearing electron‐withdrawing fluoro functionality: Synthesis, spectroscopy, and electrochemistry
Authors: Bilgiçli Ahmet T. , Kandaz Mehmet , Özkaya Ali Rıza , Salih Bekir
Published: July 2009

In this study, 2,9,16,23‐tetrakis‐4′‐(2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro)‐phenoxy‐phthalocyaninatometalfree and metal(II) complexes, (H2PcBzF16, ZnPcOBzF16, CuPcOBzF16, and CoPcOBzF16) (Bz: Benzene) (2H, Zn, Cu, and Co), have been prepared directly from the corresponding 4′‐(2,3,5,6‐fluorophenylthio)‐phthalonitrile compounds in the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) in high boiling quinoline solvent. Tetrafluoro atoms on 2,3,5,6‐position of benzene at the peripheral sites of phthalocyanines (Pcs) give rise interesting solubility to tetrakismetallophthalocyanines. Although all complexes were soluble in DCM, CHCl3, THF, DMF, and DMSO with increasing order, complexes synthesized, particularly H2PcBzF16, CuPcOBzF16, have very limited solubility in DMF and DMSO. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H NMR, UV–vis, and MALDI–TOF mass spectral data. The cyclic voltammetry and differential pulsed voltammetry of the complexes show that while H2PcBzF16, CuPcOBzF16, and ZnPcOBzF16 give ligand‐based reduction and oxidation processes, CoPcOBzF16 gives both ligand and metal‐based redox processes, in harmony with the common metallophthalocyanine complexes. Redox processes due to both aggregated and disaggregated species were simultaneously observed during the first reduction process. The nature of the metal‐based redox processes was confirmed using spectroelectrochemical measurements. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:262–271, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20545
On the reactivity of metal and organometallic halides toward R3SnOSnR3 systems
Authors: Singhal Kiran , Mishra Rahul , Raj Prem
Published: July 2009

Interaction of metallic salts (M = Hg, Sb, and Te) with bis(triorganotin)oxide, (R3Sn)2O, where (R = C6H5, p‐CH3C6H4, and cyclo‐C6H11) at room temperature proceeded with the simultaneous cleavage of the SnC and SnO bonds, invariably yielding R2SnO along with other products. Thus the treatment of HgX2 (X = Cl, CN, SCN) with (R3Sn)2O resulted in the formation of polymeric diorganotin oxide R2SnO along with R3SnX and RHgX derivatives. The reaction of SbCl3 with (R3Sn)2O was found to give R2SnO, R3SnCl, and RSbCl2, whereas interaction with SbCl5 provided R2SnO, R2SnCl2, and R2SbCl3. Treatment of TeCl4 with (R3Sn)2O provided R2SnO, R3SnCl, and RTeCl3 at room temperature. At reflux temperature, reaction of PhTeCl3 with (R3Sn)2O yielded R2SnO, R3SnCl, and mixed diorganotellurium dichloride, RPhTeCl2. The course of reaction indicated the instability of SnOSn system proceeding via a four‐centered mechanism, providing organometallic compounds in profitable yield. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:278–283, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20547
Expression of hedgehog signaling molecules in Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Brunner Markus , Thurnher Dietmar , Pammer Johannes , Heiduschka Gregor , Petzelbauer Peter , Schmid Christoph , Schneider Sven , Erovic Boban M.
Published: July 2009

Background.

The Hedgehog signaling pathway is important for human development and carcinogenesis in various malignancies.

Methods.

One tissue microarray with triplets of 28 samples from 25 patients with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) was constructed. Six samples of normal skin and 5 samples of normal oral mucosa served as controls. All samples were analyzed immunohistochemically with antibodies directed against Sonic hedgehog, Indian hedgehog, Patched, Smoothened, Gli‐1, Gli‐2, and Gli‐3.

Results.

All investigated proteins were frequently and intensely overexpressed in MCCs (Sonic hedgehog, 93%; Indian hedgehog, 84%; Patched, 86%; Smoothened, 79%; Gli‐1, 79%; Gli‐2, 79%; Gli‐3, 86%) compared with control samples. High levels of Patched and Indian hedgehog were significantly associated with an increase in patients overall (p = .015) and recurrence‐free survival (p = .011), respectively.

Conclusions.

Our results indicate that the Hedgehog signaling pathway is strongly activated in MCC and thus may play a role in carcinogenesis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Chronic 17β‐estradiol or cholesterol prevents stress‐induced hippocampal CA3 dendritic retraction in ovariectomized female rats: Possible correspondence between CA1 spine properties and spatial acquisition
Authors: McLaughlin Katie J. , Wilson Jessica O. , Harman James , Wright Ryan L. , Wieczorek Lindsay , Gomez Juan , Korol Donna L. , Conrad Cheryl D.
Published: July 2009

Chronic stress may have different effects on hippocampal CA3 and CA1 neuronal morphology and function depending upon hormonal status, but rarely are manipulations of stress and gonadal steroids combined. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of chronic restraint and 17β‐estradiol replacement on CA3 and CA1 dendritic morphology and spatial learning in ovariectomized (OVX) female Sprague–Dawley rats. OVX rats were implanted with 25% 17β‐estradiol, 100% cholesterol, or blank silastic capsules and then chronically restrained (6h/d/21d) or kept in home cages. 17β‐Estradiol or cholesterol prevented stress‐induced CA3 dendritic retraction, increased CA1 apical spine density, and altered CA1 spine shape. The combination of chronic stress and 17β‐estradiol facilitated water maze acquisition compared to chronic stress + blank implants and nonstressed controls + 17β‐estradiol. To further investigate the interaction between 17β‐estradiol and stress on hippocampal morphology, experiment 2 was conducted on gonadally intact, cycling female rats that were chronically restrained (6h/d/21d), and then euthanized at proestrus (high ovarian hormones) or estrus (low ovarian hormones). Cycling female rats failed to show chronic stress‐induced CA3 dendritic retraction at either estrous phase. Chronic stress enhanced the ratio of CA1 basal spine heads to headless spines as found in experiment 1. In addition, proestrous rats displayed increased CA1 spine density regardless of stress history. These results show that 17β‐estradiol or cholesterol protect against chronic stress‐induced CA3 dendritic retraction in females. These stress‐ and 17β‐estradiol‐induced morphological changes may provide insight into how dendritic complexity and spine properties contribute to spatial ability. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The root of many evils: indolent large granular lymphocyte leukaemia and associated disorders
Authors: Zhang Ranran , Shah Mithun Vinod , Loughran Thomas P.
Published: July 2009

Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) leukaemia can arise from either natural killer (NK) cells or cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The T‐cell form of LGL leukaemia has significant overlap with other haematological disorders and autoimmune diseases. Here we provide an overview of LGL biology. We also focus discussion on the indolent LGL leukaemia related disorders and their causal relationships. We then discuss the potential relationships and distinctions between indolent LGL leukaemia and non‐malignant clonal lymphocyte expansion that occur in otherwise healthy individuals, especially elder people. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interleukin‐6 maintains bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell stemness by an ERK1/2‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Pricola Katie L. , Kuhn Nastaran Z. , Haleem‐Smith Hana , Song Yingjie , Tuan Rocky S.
Published: July 2009

Adult human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promise for an increasing list of therapeutic uses due to their ease of isolation, expansion, and multi‐lineage differentiation potential. To maximize the clinical potential of MSCs, the underlying mechanisms by which MSC functionality is controlled must be understood. We have taken a deconstructive approach to understand the individual components in vitro, namely the role of candidate “stemness” genes. Our recent microarray gene expression profiling data suggest that interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) may contribute to the maintenance of MSCs in their undifferentiated state. In this study, we showed that IL‐6 gene expression is significantly higher in undifferentiated MSCs as compared to their chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic derivatives. Moreover, we found that MSCs secrete copious amounts of IL‐6 protein, which decreases dramatically during osteogenic differentiation. We further evaluated the role of IL‐6 for maintenance of MSC “stemness,” using a series of functional assays. The data showed that IL‐6 is both necessary and sufficient for enhanced MSC proliferation, protects MSCs from apoptosis, inhibits adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs, and increases the rate of in vitro wound healing of MSCs. We further identified ERK1/2 activation as the key pathway through which IL‐6 regulates both MSC proliferation and inhibition of differentiation. Taken together, these findings show for the first time that IL‐6 maintains the proliferative and undifferentiated state of bone marrow‐derived MSCs, an important parameter for the optimization of both in vitro and in vivo manipulation of MSCs. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 577–588, 2009. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electronic structures of heme a of cytochrome c oxidase in the redox states—Charge density migration to the propionate groups of heme a
Authors: Takano Yu , Nakamura Haruki
Published: July 2009

The electronic structures of heme a of cytochrome c oxidase in the redox states were studied, using hybrid density functional theory with a polarizable continuum model and a point charge model. We found that the most stable electronic configurations of the d electrons of the Fe ion are determined by the orbital interactions of the d orbitals of the Fe ion with the π orbitals of the porphyrin ring and the His residues. The redox reaction of the Fe ion influences the charge density on the formyl group through the π conjugation of the porphyrin ring. In addition, we found the charge transfer from the Fe ion to the propionate group of heme a in the redox change despite the lack of the π‐conjugation. We elucidated that the charge propagation originates from the heme a structure itself and that the origin of the charge delocalization to the heme propionate is the orbital interactions between the d orbital of the Fe ion and the p orbitals of the carboxylate part of the heme propionate via the π conjugation of the porphyrin ring and the σ* orbital of the CC bond of the propionate group. The electrostatic effect by surrounding proteins enhances the charge transfer from the Fe ion to the propionate group. These results indicate that heme propionate groups serve electron mediators in electron transfer as well as electrostatic anchors, and that proteins surrounding the active site reinforce the congenital abilities of the cofactors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010