bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regenerative tissue filler for breast conserving surgery and other soft tissue restoration and reconstruction needs
Authors: Puls Theodore J. , Fisher Carla S. , Cox Abigail , Plantenga Jeannie M. , McBride Emma L. , Anderson Jennifer L. , Goergen Craig J. , Bible Melissa , Moller Tracy , Voytik-Harbin Sherry L.
Published: February 2021

Complete removal of cancerous tissue and preservation of breast cosmesis with a single breast conserving surgery (BCS) is essential for surgeons. New and better options would allow them to more consistently achieve this goal and expand the number of women that receive this preferred therapy, while minimizing the need for re-excision and revision procedures or more aggressive surgical approaches (i.e., mastectomy). We have developed and evaluated a regenerative tissue filler that is applied as a liquid to defects during BCS prior to transitioning to a fibrillar collagen scaffold with soft tissue consistency. Using a porcine simulated BCS model, the collagen filler was shown to induce a regenerative healing response, characterized by rapid cellularization, vascularization, and progressive breast tissue neogenesis, including adipose tissue and mammary glands and ducts. Unlike conventional biomaterials, no foreign body response or inflammatory-mediated “active” biodegradation was observed. The collagen filler also did not compromise simulated surgical re-excision, radiography, or ultrasonography procedures, features that are important for clinical translation. When post-BCS radiation was applied, the collagen filler and its associated tissue response were largely similar to non-irradiated conditions; however, as expected, healing was modestly slower. This in situ scaffold-forming collagen is easy to apply, conforms to patient-specific defects, and regenerates complex soft tissues in the absence of inflammation. It has significant translational potential as the first regenerative tissue filler for BCS as well as other soft tissue restoration and reconstruction needs.
Label-free spectral imaging to study drug distribution and metabolism in single living cells
Authors: Alshammari Qamar A. , Pala Rajasekharreddy , Katzir Nir , Nauli Surya M.
Published: February 2021

During drug development, evaluation of drug and its metabolite is an essential process to understand drug activity, stability, toxicity and distribution. Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) has become the standard analytical tool for screening and identifying drug metabolites. Unlike LC/MS approach requiring liquifying the biological samples, we showed that spectral imaging (or spectral microscopy) could provide high-resolution images of doxorubicin (dox) and its metabolite doxorubicinol (dox’ol) in single living cells. Using this new method, we performed measurements without destroying the biological samples. We calculated the rate constant of dox translocating from extracellular moiety into the cell and the metabolism rate of dox to dox’ol in living cells. The translocation rate of dox into a single cell for spectral microscopy and LC/MS approaches was similar (~ 1.5 pM min−1 cell−1). When compared to spectral microscopy, the metabolism rate of dox was underestimated for about every 500 cells using LC/MS. The microscopy approach further showed that dox and dox’ol translocated to the nucleus at different rates of 0.8 and 0.3 pM min−1, respectively. LC/MS is not a practical approach to determine drug translocation from cytosol to nucleus. Using various methods, we confirmed that when combined with a high-resolution imaging, spectral characteristics of a molecule could be used as a powerful approach to analyze drug metabolism. We propose that spectral microscopy is a new method to study drug localization, translocation, transformation and identification with a resolution at a single cell level, while LC/MS is more appropriate for drug screening at an organ or tissue level.
Using 3PG to assess climate change impacts on management plan optimization of Eucalyptus plantations. A case study in Southern Brazil
Authors: HN Palma João , Hakamada Rodrigo , Moreira Gabriela Gonçalves , Nobre Silvana , Rodriguez Luiz Carlos Estraviz
Published: February 2021

Eucalyptus plantations around the world have been largely used by the paper industry. Optimizing the management of resources is a common practice in this highly competitive industry and new forest growth models may help to understand the impact of climate change on the decisions of the optimization processes. Current optimized management plans use empirical equations to predict future forest stands growth, and it is currently impractical to replace these empirical equations with physiological models due to data input requirements. In this paper, we present a different approach, by first carrying out a preliminary assessment with the process-based physiological model 3PG to evaluate the growth of Eucalyptus stands under climate change predictions. The information supplied by 3PG was then injected as a modifier in the projected yield that feeds the management plan optimizer allowing the interpretation of climate change impacts on the management plan. Modelling results show that although a general increase of rain with climate change is predicted, the distribution throughout the year will not favor the tree growth. On the contrary, rain will increase when it is less needed (summer) and decrease when it is most needed (winter), decreasing forest stand productivity between 3 and 5%, depending on the region and soil. Evaluation of the current optimized plan that kept constant the relation between wood price/cellulose ton shows a variation in different strategic management options and an overall increase of costs in owned areas between 2 and 4%, and a decrease of cumulated net present value, initially at 15% with later stabilization at 6–8%. This is a basic comparison to observe climate change effects; nevertheless, it provides insights into how the entire decision-making process may change due to a reduction in biomass production under future climate scenarios. This work demonstrates the use of physiological models to extract information that could be merged with existing and already implemented empirical models. The methodology may also be considered a preliminary alternative to the complete replacement of empirical models by physiological models. Our approach allows some insight into forest responses to different future climate conditions, something which empirical models are not designed for.
Defining priority areas for blue whale conservation and investigating overlap with vessel traffic in Chilean Patagonia, using a fast-fitting movement model
Authors: Bedriñana-Romano Luis , Hucke-Gaete Rodrigo , Viddi Francisco A. , Johnson Devin , Zerbini Alexandre N. , Morales Juan , Mate Bruce , Palacios Daniel M.
Published: February 2021

Defining priority areas and risk evaluation is of utmost relevance for endangered species` conservation. For the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus), we aim to assess environmental habitat selection drivers, priority areas for conservation and overlap with vessel traffic off northern Chilean Patagonia (NCP). For this, we implemented a single-step continuous-time correlated-random-walk model which accommodates observational error and movement parameters variation in relation to oceanographic variables. Spatially explicit predictions of whales’ behavioral responses were combined with density predictions from previous species distribution models (SDM) and vessel tracking data to estimate the relative probability of vessels encountering whales and identifying areas where interaction is likely to occur. These estimations were conducted independently for the aquaculture, transport, artisanal fishery, and industrial fishery fleets operating in NCP. Blue whale movement patterns strongly agreed with SDM results, reinforcing our knowledge regarding oceanographic habitat selection drivers. By combining movement and density modeling approaches we provide a stronger support for purported priority areas for blue whale conservation and how they overlap with the main vessel traffic corridor in the NCP. The aquaculture fleet was one order of magnitude larger than any other fleet, indicating it could play a decisive role in modulating potential negative vessel-whale interactions within NCP.
SAR image wave spectra to retrieve the thickness of grease-pancake sea ice using viscous wave propagation models
Authors: De Carolis Giacomo , Olla Piero , De Santi Francesca
Published: February 2021

Young sea ice composed of grease and pancake ice (GPI), as well as thin floes, considered to be the most common form of sea ice fringing Antarctica, is now becoming the “new normal” also in the Arctic. A study of the rheological properties of GPI is carried out by comparing the predictions of two viscous wave propagation models: the Keller model and the close-packing (CP) model, with the observed wave attenuation obtained by SAR image techniques. In order to fit observations, it is shown that describing GPI as a viscous medium requires the adoption of an ice viscosity which increases with the ice thickness. The consequences regarding the possibility of ice thickness retrieval from remote sensing data of wave attenuation are discussed. We provide examples of GPI thickness retrievals from a Sentinel-1 C band SAR image taken in the Beaufort Sea on 1 November 2015, and three CosmoSkyMed X band SAR images taken in the Weddell Sea on March 2019. The estimated GPI thicknesses are consistent with concurrent SMOS measurements and available local samplings.
Spotted hyena optimizer algorithm for capacitor allocation in radial distribution system with distributed generation and microgrid operation considering different load types
Authors: Naderipour Amirreza , Abdul-Malek Zulkurnain , Hajivand Mohammad , Seifabad Zahra Mirzaei , Farsi Mohammad Ali , Nowdeh Saber Arabi , Davoudkhani Iraj Faraji
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the optimal allocation of constant and switchable capacitors is presented simultaneously in two operation modes, grid-connected and islanded, for a microgrid. Different load levels are considered by employing non-dispatchable distributed generations. The objective function includes minimising the energy losses cost, the cost of peak power losses, and the cost of the capacitor. The optimization problem is solved using the spotted hyena optimizer (SHO) algorithm to determine the optimal size and location of capacitors, considering different loading levels and the two operation modes. In this study, a three-level load and various types of loads, including constant power, constant current, and constant impedance are considered. The proposed method is implemented on a 24-bus radial distribution network. To evaluate the performance of the SHO, the results are compared with GWO and the genetic algorithm (GA). The simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the SHO in reducing the cost of losses and improving the voltage profile during injection and non-injection of reactive power by distributed generations in two operation modes. The total cost and net saving values for DGs only with the capability of active power injection is achieved 105,780 $ and 100,560.54 $, respectively and for DGs with the capability of active and reactive power injection is obtained 89,568 $ and 76,850.46 $, respectively using the SHO. The proposed method has achieved more annual net savings due to the lower cost of losses than other optimization methods.
An open source machine learning framework for efficient and transparent systematic reviews
Authors: van de Schoot Rens , de Bruin Jonathan , Schram Raoul , Zahedi Parisa , de Boer Jan , Weijdema Felix , Kramer Bianca , Huijts Martijn , Hoogerwerf Maarten , Ferdinands Gerbrich , Harkema Albert , Willemsen Joukje , Ma Yongchao , Fang Qixiang , Hindriks Sybren , Tummers Lars , Oberski Daniel L.
Published: February 2021

To help researchers conduct a systematic review or meta-analysis as efficiently and transparently as possible, we designed a tool to accelerate the step of screening titles and abstracts. For many tasks—including but not limited to systematic reviews and meta-analyses—the scientific literature needs to be checked systematically. Scholars and practitioners currently screen thousands of studies by hand to determine which studies to include in their review or meta-analysis. This is error prone and inefficient because of extremely imbalanced data: only a fraction of the screened studies is relevant. The future of systematic reviewing will be an interaction with machine learning algorithms to deal with the enormous increase of available text. We therefore developed an open source machine learning-aided pipeline applying active learning: ASReview. We demonstrate by means of simulation studies that active learning can yield far more efficient reviewing than manual reviewing while providing high quality. Furthermore, we describe the options of the free and open source research software and present the results from user experience tests. We invite the community to contribute to open source projects such as our own that provide measurable and reproducible improvements over current practice.
Complex magnetism in Ni3TeO6-type Co3TeO6 and high-pressure polymorphs of Mn3−xCoxTeO6 solid solutions
Authors: Solana-Madruga Elena , Aguilar-Maldonado Cintli , Ritter Clemens , Huvé Marielle , Mentré Olivier , Attfield J. Paul , Arévalo-López Ángel M.
Published: February 2021

New Ni3TeO6-type (NTO) and double perovskite (DPv) polymorphs of Co3TeO6 are synthesised at pressures of 15 GPa.
Local-structure-dependent luminescence in lanthanide-doped inorganic nanocrystals for biological applications
Authors: Fu Huhui , Ma Yuhan , Liu Yongsheng , Hong Maochun
Published: February 2021

This feature article overviews the recent advances in the local-structure-dependent luminescence in lanthanide-doped inorganic nanocrystals for various biological applications.
Ultrafast diffusion-based unmixing of 1H NMR spectra
Authors: Mishra Rituraj , Marchand Achille , Jacquemmoz Corentin , Dumez Jean-Nicolas
Published: February 2021

The NMR spectra of compounds in a mixture are separated in a few seconds using spatial parallelisation.
Effect of an ionic environment on membrane fouling: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Tiwari Shivam , Gogoi Abhijit , Anki Reddy K.
Published: February 2021

The effect of the ionic environment on membrane fouling was investigated for polyamide (PA) and graphene oxide (GO) membranes using equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
Tailorable boron-doped carbon nanotubes as high-efficiency counter electrodes for quantum dot sensitized solar cells
Authors: Li Wenhua , Zhang Shule , Chen Qianqiao , Zhong Qin
Published: February 2021

1. Tunable BCNTs are prepared by the pre-oxidation strategy. 2. B-Doped CNTs exhibit excellent activity for Sn2− reduction. 3. The QDSSC based on CdS/CdSe QDs and BCNT1 shows a PCE of 4.55% under one sunlight illumination.
The catalytic dehydrogenation of ethanol by heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Huang Yongji , Wang Bin , Yuan Hangkong , Sun Yubin , Yang Dongyuan , Cui Xinjiang , Shi Feng
Published: February 2021

In this review, recent advances in the catalytic dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehytde with the release of hydrogen catalyzed by a heterogeneous catalyst aresummerized and discussed.
Electrochemical methods for materials recycling
Authors: Petersen Haley A. , Myren Tessa H. T. , O’Sullivan Shea J. , Luca Oana R.
Published: February 2021

The present review describes electrochemical methods for the recovery of chemical feedstocks from waste materials.
Recent advancements in coinage metal nanostructures and bio-applications
Authors: Tee Si Yin , Ye Enyi
Published: February 2021

In this review, the recent advances of coinage metals such as Cu, Ag, Au, and their bimetallic nanostructures are summarized, including synthetic methodologies and bio-applications of antibacterial, SERS-based detection, and electrochemical sensing.
Advanced development of metal oxide nanomaterials for H2gas sensing applications
Authors: Shi Yushu , Xu Huiyan , Liu Tongyao , Zeb Shah , Nie Yong , Zhao Yiming , Qin Chengyuan , Jiang Xuchuan
Published: February 2021

The scheme of the structure of this review includes an introduction from the metal oxide nanomaterials’ synthesis to application in H2gas sensors—a vision from the past to the future.
Cancer-microenvironment triggered self-assembling therapy with molecular blocks
Authors: Nakatsuji Hirotaka , Shioji Yudai , Hiraoka Noboru , Okada Yuta , Kato Natsuko , Shibata Sayaka , Aoki Ichio , Matsusaki Michiya
Published: February 2021

Molecular blocks (4-MB) were designed to circulate as a single molecule or as a few molecules in blood vessels and self-assemble in response to a tumor specific conditions, as a cancer therapeutic agent.
Accelerating the activation of Li2MnO3 in Li-rich high-Mn cathodes to improve its electrochemical performance
Authors: Huang Chao , Fang Zou-Qiang , Wang Zhi-Jie , Zhao Jian-Wei , Zhao Shi-Xi , Ci Li-Jie
Published: February 2021

Morphology regulation and solid electrolyte coating are conducive to the activation of Li2MnO3 phase for improving the electrochemical performance of Li-rich high-Mn oxides.
2D thin sheets composed of Co5.47N–MgO embedded in carbon as a durable catalyst for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds
Authors: Jin Chengxu , Gu Ying , Li Zhihui , Wang Siyu , Wang Nan , Jiao Yanqing , Buhe Bateer , Tian Chungui
Published: February 2021

2D nanosheet composed of Co5.47N–MgO embedded in carbon has been synthesized through the molten salt-assisted synthesis route, which can serve as a highly efficient and durable catalyst for the reduction of more than ten kinds of nitro-compounds.
Cu-Catalyzed radical-triggered spirotricyclization of enediynes and enyne-nitriles for the synthesis of pentacyclic spiroindenes
Authors: Zuo Hang-Dong , Ji Xiao-Shuang , Guo Cheng , Tu Shu-Jiang , Hao Wen-Juan , Jiang Bo
Published: February 2021

A new copper-catalyzed radical-triggered fluoromethylation-spirotricyclization of enediyne- and enyne-nitrile-containingpara-quinone methides (p-QMs) was reported for the first time, and used to produce a series of hitherto unreported pentacyclic spiroindenes.
The catalytic role of elemental sulfur in the DMSO-promoted oxidative coupling of methylhetarenes with amines: synthesis of thioamides and bis-aza-heterocycles
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thu Tram , Nguyen Le Anh , Ngo Quoc Anh , Koleski Marina , Nguyen Thanh Binh
Published: February 2021

The S8/DMSO combination was found to be particularly effective to promote oxidative coupling of methylhetarenes with amines to synthesize thioamides/bis-aza-heterocycles.
Study on contact angles and surface energy of MXene films
Authors: Zhou Hang , Wang Fuqiang , Wang Yuwei , Li Changping , Shi Changrui , Liu Yu , Ling Zheng
Published: February 2021

This work sheds light on the process- and time-dependent wetting behaviors and surface energy of MXene films.
Dissipation and sorption–desorption of benzisothiazolinone in agricultural soils and identification of its metabolites
Authors: Song Bangyan , Jiang Xiaoxia , Liu Xiangwu , Deng Yao , Hu Deyu , Lu Ping
Published: February 2021

Dissipation and sorption–desorption of benzisothiazolinone in five soils were investigated; two metabolites were monitored and identified for the first time.
Amyloid binding and beyond: a new approach for Alzheimer's disease drug discovery targeting Aβo–PrPCbinding and downstream pathways
Authors: Grayson James D. , Baumgartner Matthew P. , Santos Souza Cleide Dos , Dawes Samuel J. , El Idrissi Imane Ghafir , Louth Jennifer C. , Stimpson Sasha , Mead Emma , Dunbar Charlotte , Wolak Joanna , Sharman Gary , Evans David , Zhuravleva Anastasia , Roldan Margarita Segovia , Colabufo Nicola Antonio , Ning Ke , Garwood Claire , Thomas James A. , Partridge Benjamin M. , de la Vega de Leon Antonio , Gillet Valerie J. , Rauter Amélia P. , Chen Beining
Published: February 2021

A new approach combining virtual screening,19F and STD NMR, and biochemical assays using hiPSC and targetting multiple pathways involving Aβ, PrPCand Tau provides a more effective strategy for Alzheimer's disease drug discovery than Aβ only approach.
Enhancement of the photovoltaic properties of Ag2BiI5by Cu doping
Authors: Park Jin Woo , Lim Yeongsu , Doh Kyung-Yeon , Jung Min Tai , Jeon Young In , Yang In Seok , Choi Hyeon-seo , Kim Jeongho , Lee Donghwa , Lee Wan In
Published: February 2021

Doping Cu into silver bismuth iodide (SBI) induced a considerable increase in light absorption, resultantly leading to the enhancement of solar cell performance by 25%.
Oil/water separation membranes with a fluorine island structure for stable high flux
Authors: He Mingrui , Wang Panpan , Zhang Runnan , Jiang Zhongyi , He Xu , Ma Jun
Published: February 2021

Membranes with fluorine island structures consist of discrete low surface energy (LSE) domains at sub-microscale and consecutive hydrophilic domains. The former can effectively control oil fouling while the latter can provide high basic flux.
External vibrations can destroy the specific capacitance of supercapacitors – from experimental proof to theoretical explanations
Authors: Biswas Sudipta , Sharma Vikas , Singh Trilok , Chandra Amreesh
Published: February 2021

External vibrations can destroy the specific capacitance in supercapacitors. Carbon based supercapacitors show a higher ability to absorb the impacts of external vibrations, in comparison to metal oxide based pseudocapacitors.
Intrinsic and extrinsic defects build a novel mechanoluminescent phosphor Na2MgGeO4:Mn2+
Authors: Zheng Zhongzhong , Bai Yuxing , Ren Yijie , Chen Huimin , Wu Li , Kong Yongfa , Zhang Yi , Xu Jingjun
Published: February 2021

Intrinsic oxygen vacancy and cationic substitution defects construct a novel mechanoluminescent material.
Flexible paper-based label-free electrochemical biosensor for the monitoring of miRNA-21 using core–shell Ag@Au/GQD nano-ink: a new platform for the accurate and rapid analysis by low cost lab-on-paper technology
Authors: Farshchi Fatemeh , Saadati Arezoo , Fathi Nazanin , Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Samiei Mohammad
Published: February 2021

miRNA-21 is one of the most famous and prominent microRNAs that is important in the development and emergence of cancers.
Dialkynyldiboranes(4) and the selectable reactivity of their C–H, CC and B–B bonds
Authors: Schorr Fabian , Fantuzzi Felipe , Dewhurst Rian D. , Braunschweig Holger
Published: February 2021

The second, third and fourth examples of dialkynyldiboranes(4) are prepared and the selective reactivity of their B–B and alkynyl C–H and CC bonds is presented.
Stability: next focus in organic solar cells based on non-fullerene acceptors
Authors: Li Yawen , Li Tengfei , Lin Yuze
Published: February 2021

The systematic knowledge about the latest progress in the stability of non-fullerene acceptor based organic solar cells, as well as the challenges and prospects for stability improvement strategies, are reviewed.
Retraction: Overexpression of circ_0034642 contributes to hypoxia-induced glycolysis, cell proliferation, migration and invasion in gliomas by facilitating TAGLN2 expression via sponging miR-625-5p
Authors: Fisher Laura
Published: February 2021

Retraction of ‘Overexpression of circ_0034642 contributes to hypoxia-induced glycolysis, cell proliferation, migration and invasion in gliomas by facilitating TAGLN2 expression via sponging miR-625-5p’ by Bo Kong et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 897–908, DOI: 10.1039/C9RA08600E.
Retraction: LncRNA MALAT1 aggravates MPP-induced neuronal injury by regulating miR-212 in SH-SY5Y cells
Authors: Fisher Laura
Published: February 2021

Retraction of ‘LncRNA MALAT1 aggravates MPP-induced neuronal injury by regulating miR-212 in SH-SY5Y cells’ by Dahua Yuan et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 690–698, DOI: 10.1039/C8RA09260E.
Correction: Assessing the impact of deviations in optimized multistep flow synthesis on the scale-up
Authors: Sharma M. K. , Raval J. , Ahn Gwang-Noh , Kim Dong-Pyo , Kulkarni A. A.
Published: February 2021

Correction for ‘Assessing the impact of deviations in optimized multistep flow synthesis on the scale-up’ by M. K. Sharma et al., React. Chem. Eng., 2020, 5, 838–848, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RE00025F.
Suppressing cathode dissolution via guest engineering for durable aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Lishang , Hu Jisong , Zhang Bao , Liu Jia , Wan Houzhao , Miao Ling , Jiang Jianjun
Published: February 2021

A guest engineering strategy is used to regulate the interlayer binding energy between vanadium oxide layers, thus thermodynamically suppressing vanadium dissolution. The as-prepared compound (NH4)2V6O16·1.5H2O restrains the vanadium dissolution effectively.
Low surface brightness galaxies in z > 1 galaxy clusters: HST approaching the progenitors of local ultra diffuse galaxies
Authors: Bachmann Aisha , van der Burg Remco F. J. , Fensch Jérémy , Brammer Gabriel , Muzzin Adam
Published: February 2021

Ultra diffuse galaxies (UDGs) are a type of large low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies with particularly large effective radii (reff >  1.5 kpc) that are now routinely studied in the Local (z <  0.1) Universe. While they are found to be abundant in clusters, groups, and in the field, their formation mechanisms remain elusive and comprise an active topic of debate. New insights may be found by studying their counterparts at higher redshifts (z >  1.0), even though cosmological surface brightness dimming makes them particularly difficult to detect and study in this channel. In this work, we use the deepest Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging stacks of z >  1 clusters, namely, SPT-CL J2106−5844 and MOO J1014+0038. These two clusters, at z = 1.13 and z = 1.23, respectively, were monitored as part of the HST See-Change programme. In making a comparison with the Hubble Extreme Deep Field as the reference field, we find statistical over-densities of large LSB galaxies in both clusters. Based on stellar-population modelling and assuming no size evolution, we find that the faintest sources we can detect are about as bright as expected for the progenitors of the brightest local UDGs. We find that the LSBs we detect in SPT-CL J2106−5844 and MOO J1014−5844 already have old stellar populations that place them on the red sequence. In correcting for incompleteness and based on an extrapolation of local scaling relations, we estimate that distant UDGs are relatively under-abundant, as compared to local UDGs, by a factor ∼3. A plausible explanation for the implied increase over time would be the significant growth of these galaxies over the last ∼8 Gyr, as also suggested by hydrodynamical simulations.
Hören Sie mal!
Authors: Sommer Armanso
Published: February 2021

Schluss mit verwirrenden Nachrichten oder irreführender Werbung zwischen unpassender Musik und viel zu schneller Moderation für Senioren. Der Verein „Wir sind Altenpflege e. V.“ gestaltet Musik für ältere Menschen.
Outcome of Major Hemorrhage at a Major Cardiothoracic Center in Patients with Activated Major Hemorrhage Protocol versus Nonactivated Protocol
Authors: Chang Kathryn W. , Owen Steve , Gaspar Michaela , Laffan Mike , Arachchillage Deepa R. J.
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to determine the impact of major hemorrhage (MH) protocol (MHP) activation on blood administration and patient outcome at a UK major cardiothoracic center. MH was defined in patients (> 16 years) as those who received > 5 units of red blood cells (RBCs) in < 4 hours, or > 10 units in 24 hours. Data were collected retrospectively from patient electronic records and hospital transfusion databases recording issue of blood products from January 2016 to December 2018. Of 134 patients with MH, 24 had activated MHP and 110 did not have activated MHP. Groups were similar for age, sex, baseline hemoglobin, platelet count, coagulation screen, and renal function with no difference in the baseline clinical characteristics. The total number of red cell units (median and [IQR]) transfused was no different in the patients with activated (7.5 [5–11.75]) versus nonactivated (9 [6–12]) MHP (p = 0.35). Patients in the nonactivated MHP group received significantly higher number of platelet units (median: 3 vs. 2, p = 0.014), plasma (median: 4.5 vs. 1.5, p = 0.0007), and cryoprecipitate (median: 2 vs. 1, p = 0.008). However, activation of MHP was associated with higher mortality at 24 hours compared with patients with nonactivation of MHP (33.3 vs. 10.9%, p = 0.005) and 30 days (58.3 vs. 30.9%, p = 0.01). The total RBC and platelet (but not fresh frozen plasma [FFP]) units received were higher in deceased patients than in survivors. Increased mortality was associated with a higher RBC:FFP ratio. Only 26% of patients received tranexamic acid and these patients had higher mortality at 30 days but not at 24 hours. Deceased patients at 30 days had higher levels of fibrinogen than those who survived (median: 2.4 vs. 1.8, p = 0.01). Patients with activated MHP had significantly higher mortality at both 24 hours and 30 days despite lack of difference in the baseline characteristics of the patients with activated MHP versus nonactivated MHP groups. The increased mortality associated with a higher RBC:FFP ratio suggests dilutional coagulopathy may contribute to mortality, but higher fibrinogen at baseline was not protective.
Efficient algorithms for approximating quantum partition functions
Authors: Mann Ryan L. , Helmuth Tyler
Published: February 2021

We establish a polynomial-time approximation algorithm for partition functions of quantum spin models at high temperature. Our algorithm is based on the quantum cluster expansion of Netočný and Redig and the cluster expansion approach to designing algorithms due to Helmuth, Perkins, and Regts. Similar results have previously been obtained by related methods, and our main contribution is a simple and slightly sharper analysis for the case of pairwise interactions on bounded-degree graphs.
Forward and backward stimulated Raman scattering in multi-speckled beams: Density dependence and effects on cross-beam energy transfer
Authors: Stark D. J. , Yin L. , Albright B. J. , Seaton A. , Bird R. F.
Published: February 2021

Particle-in-cell simulations of cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) between multi-speckled beams reveal a potentially prominent energy loss from forward stimulated Raman scattering (FSRS) in the amplified seed beam [Yin et al., Phys. Plasmas 26, 082708 (2019)]. In this work, an intensity scan is used to examine this energy loss in the CBET-amplified seed beam at intensities of a few times 1014 W/cm2. Electron tracers demonstrate both the trapping in the electron plasma waves that is sustained over multiple speckles and the subsequent acceleration to velocities well beyond the phase velocity. Motivated by expanding our understanding of this energy loss mechanism, we isolate the FSRS density dependence by using a 2×1014 W/cm2 pulse to scan densities between 0.06 ncr and 0.12 ncr; a spectral analysis characterizes the energy losses from scattering with the changing densities. At saturation, both greater beam attenuation is measured at the laser frequency and larger scattering FSRS angles are observed as density increases, along with a rapid transition to primarily backscatter SRS between 0.10 ncr and 0.12 ncr, earlier than predicted by linear theory. Density gradients are shown to effectively mitigate oblique FSRS and beam energy losses in the two lower density cases, whereas 0° forward scattering is primarily suppressed in the higher density cases. Finally returning to the two-beam CBET system of interest, the interplay and mitigation of the secondary instabilities at larger domain and beam spatial scales are discussed, here also examining backward stimulated Brillouin scattering.
Upconversion properties in lanthanide doped layered-perovskite, CsBiNb2O7
Authors: Bae Hyeongyu , Park Dongcheol , Shin Kyujin , Lee Hohjai , Ok Kang Min , Lee Kang Taek
Published: February 2021

Despite advances of lanthanide-doped upconversion (UC) materials, the applications such as light-emitting diode and biological imaging are limited by low quantum efficiency. For this context, the understanding of unique interactions between the doped-lanthanides and the host crystals has attracted a huge amount of the researcher’s interest. In particular, it was revealed that doping lanthanide ions in a non-centrosymmetric site of host lattice is the cause of relaxation of the Laporte selection rule in the 4f–4f transition of lanthanide ions. One of the layered perovskites CsBiNb2O7 is known to have non-centrosymmetric sites, which would lead to highly bright UC emission. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, there has been no research on the UC comparison between host materials of CsBiNb2O7 with other hosts. In this article, we present the UC intensity comparison of Yb3+–Er3+ ion doped CsBiNb2O7, NaYF4, BaTiO3, and SrTiO3 hosts (the UC in CsBiNb2O7:Er3+,Yb3+ was 2.4 times that of NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ and ∼70 times that of SrTiO3:Er3+,Yb3+). After that, we dig into UC, downshifting, and double beam system UC properties. The activator concentration was optimized by varying the doping ratio of Yb3+ and Er3+, and we found out the main reason for the concentration quenching behavior in Er3+ ion doped CsBiNb2O7 is dipole–dipole interaction. In addition, the double excitation experiment indicates that the absorption (4I15/2 → 4I13/2) factor is stronger than the stimulated emission (4I13/2 → 4I15/2) factor in CsBiNb2O7 under 1540 nm laser irradiation.
Composite pressure cell for pulsed magnets
Authors: Sun Dan , Naud Martin F. , Nguyen Doan N. , Betts Jonathan B. , Singleton John , Balakirev Fedor F.
Published: February 2021

Extreme pressures and high magnetic fields can affect materials in profound and fascinating ways. However, large pressures and fields are often mutually incompatible; the rapidly changing fields provided by pulsed magnets induce eddy currents in the metallic components used in conventional pressure cells, causing serious heating, forces, and vibration. Here, we report a diamond-anvil-cell made mainly out of insulating composites that minimizes inductive heating while retaining sufficient strength to apply pressures of up to 8 GPa. Any residual metallic component is made of low-conductivity metals and patterned to reduce eddy currents. The simple design enables rapid sample or pressure changes, desired by pulsed-magnetic-field-facility users. The pressure cell has been used in pulsed magnetic fields of up to 65 T with no noticeable heating at cryogenic temperatures. Several measurement techniques are possible inside the cell at temperatures as low as 500 mK.
Electrically tunable inverse spin Hall effect in SrIrO3/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7 Ti0.3O3 heterostructures through interface strain coupling
Authors: Cui Dapeng , Xu Yeming , Zhou Lifan , Zhang Lunyong , Luan Zhongzhi , Li Chen , Wu D. , Wu Di
Published: February 2021

Oxide spin detector materials are highly desired for emergent all-oxide spintronics. In this work, Permalloy/SrIrO3/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7 Ti0.3O3 (Py/SIO/PMNPT) heterostructures were prepared by pulsed laser deposition of SIO thin films epitaxially on (001)-oriented single crystalline PMNPT substrates, followed by sputter deposition of Py films upon SIO through a shadow mask. The paramagnetic SIO layer, with a large spin–orbit coupling, serves as a detector to check the spin current pumped from the adjacent ferromagnetic Py layer through the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE). It is observed that the spin pumping amplitude can be reversibly tuned by about 50% through applying a 10 kV/cm electric field on the piezoelectric PMNPT substrate. The ISHE voltage shows a butterfly hysteresis resembling the strain-field curve of PMNPT, indicating the relevance of strain coupling at the SIO/PMNPT interface. In situ x-ray diffraction reveals that both in-plane and out-of-plane lattice parameters of SIO vary with the field applied on PMNPT. These results highlight that SIO is a promising candidate material for spin detection, and the efficiency of spin to charge conversion in SIO can be tuned electrically in SIO/PMNPT heterostructures.
Improving the threshold of multipactor using a graded permittivity dielectric window
Authors: Zhang Jianwei , Zhai Yonggui , Qiang Lanpeng , Luo Wei , Wang Hongguang , Li Yongdong , Liu Chunliang
Published: February 2021

To suppress the onset of multipactor breakdown on a dielectric surface, a graded permittivity dielectric material is introduced to replace a classical single uniform dielectric material. The electromagnetic field simulation results show that the peak value of the microwave electric field will increase when the center of the microwave window is constructed from a material with a high relative permittivity. However, when the edge of the microwave window is made of such a material, the peak of the microwave electric field will decrease. In addition, the process of multipactor breakdown is investigated using the 2D particle-in-cell method. The results show that the maximum density of electrons that occurs when the edge of the microwave window is constructed from a high-relative-permittivity material is only 66.05% of that which occurs with a uniform dielectric material. As a result, the threshold of multipactor breakdown can be improved. The results reported in this paper can be used to guide the design of microwave windows.
Doubly excited 1Po resonance states of helium in quantum plasmas
Authors: Wang Xi , Jiang Zishi , Kar Sabyasachi , Ho Yew Kam
Published: February 2021

We have made an investigation on the doubly excited 1Po resonance states of helium atom in quantum plasmas using correlated exponential wave functions within the framework of the stabilization method. The effect of quantum plasma has been incorporated by using an exponential-cosine-screened Coulomb potential. A total of nine resonances for 1Po states below the He+(2s 2S) thresholds are calculated, including four members in the 2snp+ (2 ≤ n ≤ 5) series, three members in the 2snp− (3 ≤ n ≤ 5) series, and two members in the 2pnd (n = 3, 4) series. The resonance parameters (energies and widths) for various screening parameters for the 1Po resonance states of helium atom in quantum plasmas, are reported. In addition, the effect of quantum plasmas on the wavelengths for the photo-absorption of a helium atom from its ground state to such 1Po resonance states are also reported in terms of the screening parameter.
A simple Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based high precision low-jitter delay generator
Authors: Chen Zeyang , Wang Xiaohan , Zhou Ziwen , Moro Ramiro , Ma Lei
Published: February 2021

Pulse delay generators are ubiquitous in laboratories to coordinate and control the timing between different devices in applications that include lasers, mass spectrometers, and other scientific instruments. The most important required characteristics are precision, to control time exactly, and low-jitter, to minimize uncertainty in experiments. Here, we introduce a new design of a high precision and low-jitter digital delay generator based on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The final delay is composed of steps of 4.2 ns (coarse delay) with fine steps of 16 ps (fine delay). The coarse delay is generated by a 240 MHz pulse sequence from the FPGA with a 50 MHz clock. An embedded time-to-digital conversion unit is used to measure the interval between the external trigger and the clock signal, which, together with an integrated delay generator, is used to realize the fine delay. Jitter compensation is achieved through a measurement-and-feedback module. A computer interface is designed to control the system through a Nios II processor. Measurements confirm a time resolution of 16 ± 2 ps with jitter below 450 ± 20 ps (at 24 °C) with a maximum delay of 1 s. The whole system is simple in structure and low in cost.
Arbitrary degree distribution networks with perturbations
Authors: Wang Xiaomin , Ma Fei , Yao Bing
Published: February 2021

Complex networks have played an important role in the field of natural science and social science, attracting considerable attention of more and more scholars. Currently, scholars have proposed numbers of complex networks, in which some show a required degree distribution and others follow arbitrary degree distribution. The goal of this paper is to discuss the impact of perturbations on degree distribution. To this end, we first introduce two types of perturbations, i.e., edge perturbations and vertex perturbations, and investigate networks whose structure can be determined by tuning perturbation rules. Next, we calculate the degree distribution using two popularly utilized mathematical methods, namely, rate equation and generating function. Afterward, we analyze several networks with different degree distributions, for example, Poisson distribution, stretched exponential distribution, and power-law distribution; there are, in practice, some pronounced differences among three cases. Therefore, to a certain extent, the above three cases can serve as the measures for degree distribution to help us clearly distinguish among different degree distributions.
Soliton evolution and associated sonic horizon formation dynamics in two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate with quintic-order nonlinearity
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Yujie , Dai Jun , Zhao Li , Wen Wen , Wang Wei
Published: February 2021

This study explored the two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate with an inter-particle nonlinear interaction up to quintic order. Based on the two-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii equation model with quintic-order nonlinearity, we first derived the bright soliton solution for the system based on the self-similar approach and the modified variational method. We identified that the kinematic quantities derived from the two methods agreed very well. The two-dimensional sonic horizon formation dynamics was then calculated based on the bright soliton solution that was obtained. The periodic formation and evolution patterns of the two-dimensional sonic horizon were quantitatively analyzed and pictorially illustrated. The results can be used to guide sonic black hole related phenomenon observations in a two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate with quintic-order nonlinearity.
Spin–orbit torque induced magnetization switching for an ultrathin MnGa/Co2MnSi bilayer
Authors: Jono Kohey , Shimohashi Fumiaki , Yamanouchi Michihiko , Uemura Tetsuya
Published: February 2021

We investigated spin–orbit torque (SOT) induced magnetization switching and SOT efficiency for Mn1.8Ga1.0 (MnGa) single layers and MnGa/Co2MnSi (CMS) bilayers. Magnetization measurements showed that ultrathin MnGa and CMS were antiferromagnetically coupled to each other with clear perpendicular magnetization. SOT-induced magnetization switching was observed for both MnGa/CMS/Ta and MnGa/Ta stacks, and the switching current was reduced by a half in the MnGa/CMS/Ta stack. Examination of SOT acting on the domain walls revealed that the effective magnetic field originating from the SOT was approximately five times stronger in the MnGa/CMS/Ta stack than in the MnGa/Ta stack. These results indicate that the MnGa/CMS bilayer structure is effective in enhancing the efficiency of SOT generation.
Interface-driven magnetic anisotropy in relaxed La0.7Sr0.3CrO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 heterostructures on MgO
Authors: Koohfar Sanaz , Ozbek Yasemin , Bland Hayden , Zhang Zhan , Kumah Divine P.
Published: February 2021

We investigate the structural and magnetic properties of La0.7Sr0.3CrO3 (LSCO)/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) heterostructures grown on (001)-oriented MgO by molecular beam epitaxy. Due to the large film-substrate lattice mismatch, strain relaxation is found to occur within the first 2–3 unit cells (uc) of the film as evidenced by reflection high energy electron diffraction and high-resolution synchrotron x-ray reciprocal space mapping. We find that the presence of the LSCO spacer and capping layers leads to ferromagnetism in ultra-thin LSMO layers with thicknesses of the order of 2 uc with the magnetic easy axis oriented in the film plane. Net magnetic moments of 1.4 and 2.4 μB/Mn are measured for (2 uc LSCO/2 uc LSMO) and (2 uc LSCO/4 uc LSMO) superlattices, respectively, by superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. The effective magnetic anisotropy of the relaxed (2 uc LSCO/4 uc LSMO) heterostructure is found to be an order of magnitude higher than bulk LSMO highlighting the critical role of interfacial interactions in tuning magnetic anisotropy at complex oxide interfaces.
Large volume spark discharge and plasma jet-technology for generating plasma-oxidized saline targeting colon cancer in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Freund Eric , Miebach Lea , Clemen Ramona , Schmidt Michael , Heidecke Amanda , von Woedtke Thomas , Weltmann Klaus-Dieter , Kersting Stephan , Bekeschus Sander
Published: February 2021

Cold physical plasma is a new anticancer agent. Various prototypes and a few certified devices have been developed during recent years. However, the large number of metastases disseminated into the peritoneal cavity is challenging to target directly with this emerging technology. Plasma-oxidized liquids containing tumor-toxic reactive species, in turn, are promising adjuvants in chemotherapeutic regimens. Yet, the generation of larger volumes of such liquid currently hinders its further exploration for practical application. In this study, the anticancer effect of oxidized saline generated using a spark discharge was investigated using CT26 colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and compared against oxidized saline generated by the well-investigated medical plasma jet kINPen. The reactive species deposition, as well as the storability of the liquid, was investigated. In a murine, syngeneic, orthotopic model of colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis, the spark discharge-oxidized saline reduced the tumor burden to a lower extent when compared to the kINPen. However, and despite the lower therapeutic efficacy, the former had profound immunomodulatory effects on the levels of several peritoneal cytokines, as indicated by the marked decrease of interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17F. The effect observed with the kINPen on these mostly T-cell-related cytokines was less pronounced. This suggests that the spark discharge-oxidized saline unintendedly decreased the T-cell activity, presumably because of its low pH (2.7). Collectively, our results are vital in understanding the plasma-liquid-chemistry for use in oncology and will help design more optimal liquids for further exploration in research and future surgical applications.
Surface and interface effects on the current–voltage characteristic curves of multiwall carbon nanotube-Si hybrid junctions selectively probed through exposure to HF vapors and ppm-NO2
Authors: Freddi Sonia , Casotto Andrea , Drera Giovanni , Tognazzi Andrea , Freddi Tiziano , Pagliara Stefania , De Nicola Francesco , Castrucci Paola , Sangaletti Luigi
Published: February 2021

The possibility to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) cells based on hybrid carbon nanotube (CNT)–Si heterojunctions is related to the ability to control the chemical properties of the CNT–Si interface and of the CNT bundle layer. In spite of the encouraging performances of PV cells based on multiwall (MW) CNT, so far few efforts have been made in the study of this device compared to single wall (SW) CNT–Si interfaces. Here, surface and interface effects on the current–voltage characteristic curves of MW CNT–Si hybrid junctions are investigated through exposure to HF vapors and to 10 ppm-NO2 and compared to the effects detected in SW CNT–Si junctions. Quite similar results in terms of open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, and efficiency are found for both cells, suggesting that exposure to HF vapors mostly affects the interface chemical properties, i.e., the silicon oxidation state, that in both junctions reach an optimal state about 50 h after etching. In turn, NO2 exposure has larger effects on the SW-based cell, consistently with the larger surface-to-volume ratio of SW with respect to MW. In both cases, the efficiency value reaches a maximum after 28 min, before dropping when the NO2 molecules desorb from the surface. A combined analysis of current–voltage curves and photoemission data collected along the different phases of gas exposures allowed us to relate changes in the electrical properties to the chemistry of Si at the interface.