bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Networking As A Strategy For Improving Food Safety: A Pilot Study
Authors: Van Fleet David , Wang Chao-Shih , Van Fleet Ella
Published: October 2021

The FDA [Food and Drug Administration], America’s consumer watchdogfor food safety, needs a more effective means of communicating with all participantsfrom food sources to consumers. This paper presents a pilot study using responsesfrom an online survey to explore the feasibility of using social media to enhance thecurrent food safety system in the U.S. While more research is needed, the resultssuggest that, although the primary users of social media are young and well-educatedadults, social media networking can play an important role in the rapid disseminationof food recall notices and other preventive information in a message form thatis more likely to be read or heard. Thus, the FDA should consider social media as animportant tool in increasing the effectiveness of its overall strategy.
Institutional Differences of Information Content On Voluntary Earnings Releases In The U.S. and Canada
Authors: Stunda Ronald
Published: October 2021

Historically, Canadian laws have created a less litigious environment thanthose of the U.S. This changed in 1998 with the passage of the Securities LitigationUniform Standards Act (SLUSA), and in 2000 with the passage of Regulation FullDisclosure (Regulation FD). The intent of these acts were to not only encouragemore U.S. firms to release voluntary earnings forecasts, but to offer protection forsuch disclosures against lawsuits, similar to laws in Canada. In addition, with theadvent of International Financial Accounting Standards (IFRS), voluntary earningsreleases play a bigger role, in increased frequency and revision of forecasts. SinceCanada requires the use of IFRS in financial reporting, it serves as a good base ofcomparison of what may be to come in the U.S. These types of differences comprisewhat can be characterized as institutional differences.This study finds that Canadian managers tend to issue voluntary earningsforecasts more frequently across the board than their U.S. counterpart, even afterthe interdiction of SLUSA and Regulation FD in the U.S. In addition, the Canadianforecasts tend to be more precise than those offered by U.S. managers. On the surface,it appears that the SLUSA and Regulation FD have not completely achievedtheir goal of creating greater and more informative voluntary earnings disclosuresin the U.S., but in addition, IFRS adoption in Canada may have also led to the increasedfrequency and accuracy of earnings forecasts.
Response of The Cost of Equity To Leverage: An Alternative Perspective
Authors: Pettengill Glenn , Lander Diane
Published: October 2021

In this paper we examine the change in a corporation’s cost of equity asthe corporation increases leverage. Standard textbook treatments present the wellknownModigliani-Miller hypothesis that the cost of leverage increases linearly withincreases in the debt-to-equity ratio in keeping with a constant cost of capital for thefirm. Less frequently, textbooks present the Modigliani-Miller argument that, if thecost of debt rises with high levels of leverage, the cost of equity will increase at adecreasing rate or even decline in order to keep the overall cost of capital constant.Standard textbook presentations continue with additional discussions concerningtax effects and bankruptcy costs but without mention of the cost of equity. Thesepresentations leave the impression that the cost of equity remains as presentedin the Modigliani-Miller framework. In this paper we present theoretical andempirical arguments in support of our claim that the cost of equity increases slowlywith moderate increases in debt but increases dramatically as leverage increasessufficiently to cause equity investors to fear bankruptcy.
Recency Effects In Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Impact of Coping Style
Authors: Lilly Juliana , Virick Meghna , Wipawayangkool Kamphol
Published: October 2021

The present study examines the incremental effects of interpersonal andinformational justice over three time periods on organizational citizenship behavior(OCB). Fairness heuristic theory and uncertainty management theory are used toexamine whether initial justice perceptions are consistently influential over time onOCB creating a primacy effect, or if later justice perceptions are more influentialon OCB than initial ones creating a recency effect. Results indicate a possiblerecency effect in longitudinal justice perceptions. Additionally, two individualcoping styles, approach and avoidance, were examined as moderators of the justice/OCB relationship. It was hypothesized that higher levels of avoidance coping wouldmake justice perceptions more influential in predicting OCB, but higher levels ofapproach coping would make justice perceptions less influential in predicting OCB.The hypotheses were mostly supported for OCB directed toward individuals, but notfor OCB directed toward the organization.
Entrepreneurial Strategies For Emerging Markets
Authors: Collins Jamie , Reutzel Christopher
Published: October 2021

This study involves an investigation into the strategies utilized by entrepreneurial firms in India. Given the number of people living in emerging markets (e.g., China, India, others), understanding which conditions are related to the opportunity-seeking behavior of productive entrepreneurship is an important first step in deriving better policies aimed at improving living standards in countries that have been historically plagued by extreme poverty. Equipped with insights regarding factors that increase opportunity-seeking behavior, scholars, regulators, and practitioners alike can be better positioned to positively shape competitive environments in emerging markets.
Oklahoma Oil and Natural Gas Severance Taxes: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Maguire Karen , Gade Mary , <akamu Francis
Published: October 2021

Oklahoma assesses a production tax of seven percent on the extraction of oil,natural gas, and other minerals. However, since July 2002, it has taxed productionfrom horizontal wells at one percent for the first 48 months of production. This isa significant tax incentive relative to the neighboring state of Texas, particularlyconsidering the limited evidence of the effectiveness of severance tax incentivesfor increasing in-state development of immobile resources. This paper examineswhether the tax incentive encouraged horizontal development in Oklahoma relativeto Texas. Our findings indicate that the incentive is not associated with an increasein development.
Psychological Contract Violation and The Escalating Cycle of Mistrust
Authors: Lilly Juliana
Published: October 2021

Psychological contract violations in the workplace can lead to disruptivebehavior, but few studies have examined why the disruptive behavior may persistover time. This paper extends the current understanding of psychological contractsby proposing a model that illustrates an escalating cycle of mistrust resulting from aperceived contract violation. The model proposes that after a psychological contractviolation has occurred, an escalating cycle of mistrust is created that feeds on itselfthrough transactional cost behaviors of both the victim and the perpetrator of theviolation. Once the cycle of mistrust has begun, it can only be broken if one partyexhibits specific behaviors that focus on resolving the issue rather than perpetuatingthe cycle.
Corporate Social Responsibility Engagement, Economic Policy Uncertainty, and Firm Financial Performance
Authors: Walters Bruce , Muriithi Sammy , Gilley Otis
Published: October 2021

The link between corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement and firmfinancial performance has been examined in a variety of contexts. We extend thislink to an understudied but important context for strategic decisions: environmentaluncertainty. We draw on stakeholder theory to investigate the potential moderatinginfluence of an increasingly important measure of environmental uncertainty –economic policy uncertainty (EPU), on the CSR-performance relationship. Paneldata analysis of 484 firms using KLD data and the Compustat/Capital IQ databasereveal that EPU appears to moderate the relationship between CSR and financialperformance. Moreover, supplemental analysis reveals that this moderatedrelationship varies when considering individual components of CSR. Implicationsfor both research and practice are suggested regarding managers’ emphases amongvarious CSR initiatives in times of high policy uncertainty.
The Hanson Brothers Effect: Is Rough Play A Winning Strategy In The NHL?
Authors: York Kenneth , Miree Cynthia
Published: October 2021

The effectiveness of “rough play” as an on-ice operational strategy in theNational Hockey League (NHL) was examined for the effect on season outcomes(e.g., Stanley Cup playoffs, winning the Stanley Cup), and on-ice performance (e.g.,Points, Wins). Four measures of rough play were analyzed (Penalties in Minutes(PIM), number of Major Penalties, number of Minor Penalties, PIM Differential).There were no significant differences between eventual Stanley Cup winners orplayoff teams and other teams in the regular season, but Stanley Cup Finalists hadsignificantly fewer PIM. Rough play was not found to be an effective strategy forNHL teams.
Linkedin Learning: A Valuable Resource For CPE Credits
Authors: Olson Jodi , Segovia Joann
Published: October 2021

This article describes the continuing professional education opportunitiesavailable for CPAs through LinkedIn Learning training courses. Practitioners willlikely find the affordability, ease of use, and breadth of content valuable to them intheir practice of public accounting for CPE, while also utilizing the resources forstaff development and client services.
Modeling of Multiple Share Creation with Optimal Signcryption Technique for Digital Image Security
Authors:   King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Sait Abdul Rahaman Wahab , Pustokhina Irina ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia, Ilayaraja M. ,   Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
Published: October 2021

Digital image security plays an essential role in the shared communication model. Encryption and decryption process is commonly applied to securely transmit the images in various real-time applications. In addition, the generation of encryption/decryption keys is also essential to achieve enhanced image security. This study presents a multiple share creation scheme with an optimal signcryption (MSS-OSC) technique for digital image security. The MSS-OSC technique primarily generates a set of various shares for every digital image that needs to be transmitted. In addition, the encryption of generated shares takes place via the optimal signcryption (OSC) technique. Moreover, genetic programming (GP) is employed to optimally choose the keys involved in the encryption and decryption process. The detailed experimental validation of the MSS-OSC technique is investigated using a set of benchmark test images. The results analysis demonstrated that the MSS-OSC technique had a superior performance by accomplishing maximum digital image security.
Using a Sorted QR Decomposition Algorithm for Multiuser MIMO Downlink Transmission
Authors: S Lakshmi Narayanan , J Robert Theivadas
Published: October 2021

MIMO is a wireless technology that uses large scale antennas to transfer more data at the same time and to increase spectral efficiency. To achieve high data rate with less bandwidth we use decomposition algorithm. Among various de-composition algorithm QR decomposition algorithm outperforms low bit error rate(BER), but the computational complexity is prohibitively high when the system incorporates large number of antennas. This paper presents a low computational sorted QR decomposition (SQRD) algorithm for MIMO.SQRD uses precoding technique at the transmitter which decomposes the channel that can sent in parallel.
UWB Microstrip Patch Antenna with A Highly Directional CPW Fed Design
Authors: Arulaalan M.
Published: October 2021

In this section, we will discuss the design and implementation of a new coplanar waveguide (CPW) antenna, which is designed for use in ultra-wideband (UWB) communication. Two carved ground planes distinguish the radiator from the rest of the chassis. It is necessary to dig a hole in the ruined ground. Circular radiators with rectangular cutouts are excellent for superheterodyne receivers because they have wider bandwidths than other types of radiators. This antenna operates at a frequency of 7 GHz and has a return loss of less than -10 dB. Its working frequency is 7 GHz. When utilising HFSS12, it is possible to determine S11 and VSWR.
Fire detection and notification using a Zigbee wireless sensor network
Authors: S Priyadharshini
Published: October 2021

Forest fires are the most common threat in the woods. A combination of natural and human-made factors contributes to forest fires. Forest fires destroy trees, which are essential to produce oxygen, which we need to live. This new Zigbee-based wireless sensor network is being developed to overcome the limitations of existing technologies like the MODIS satellite-based detection system and a basic wireless sensor network. It's difficult to contain a forest fire that wasn't predicted or noticed in time. As a result, it's critical to catch a wildfire early enough before it spreads too far. Using a GSM device, the proposed method would gather data on forest conditions such as temperature, humidity, smoke, and flames, and deliver it to the appropriate authorities. There are three parts to the project's concept. Modules for sensors, gateways, and control centres make up the three sections. This project's main objective is to benefit others.
Current Status and Future Prospects of White Root Rot Management in Pear Orchards: A Review
Authors: Sawant Shailesh S. , Choi Eu Ddeum , Song Janghoon , Seo Ho-Jin
Published: October 2021

The current social demand for organic, sustainable, and eco-friendly approaches for farming, while ensuring the health and productivity of crops is increasing rapidly. Biocontrol agents are applied to crops to ensure biological control of plant pathogens. Research on the biological control of white root rot disease caused by a soil-borne pathogen, Rosellinia necatrix, is limited in pears compared to that in apple and avocado. This pathogenic fungus has an extensive host range, and symptoms of this disease include rotting of roots, yellowing and falling of leaves, wilting, and finally tree death. The severity of the disease caused by R. necatrix , makes it the most harmful fungal pathogen infecting the economical fruit tree species, such as pears, and is one of the main limiting factors in pear farming, with devastating effects on plant health and yield. In addition to agronomic and cultural practices, growers use chemical treatments to control the disease. However, rising public concern about environmental pollution and harmful effects of chemicals in humans and animals has facilitated the search for novel and environmentally friendly disease control methods. This review will briefly summarize the current status of biocontrol agents, ecofriendly methods, and possible approaches to control disease in pear orchards.
impactos da tecnologia na relação de emprego
Authors: Holanda Tobias Henrique Cruz de
Published: October 2021

Os impactos criados pela tecnologia foram capazes de alterar exponencialmente a forma como o ser humano interage com o mundo ao seu redor: hoje, a tecnologia está presente em praticamente tudo. Os reflexos dessa revolução tecnológica foram capazes de alterar até mesmo a forma como o homem trabalha. A relação entre o empregado e o empregador não é mais a mesma que outrora. As pessoas não necessitam mais se dirigir até o seu local de trabalho, e lá permanecer durante um período de tempo, exercendo a função para qual foram contratadas. Não! A tecnologia possibilitou uma forma de trabalho muito mais dinâmica e livre. Posto isso, o presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar essas diferenças trazidas pela tecnologia e analisar, de forma mais específica, se é possível identificar uma relação de emprego no caso do motorista do Uber.
Consent by GDPR vs. Blockchain
Authors: Moslavac Bruno
Published: October 2021

The role of consent in personal data protection today is probably the first question for researches on how it impacts in our daily lives, ordinarily or on-line. This paper uses comparative method analyzes seemingly opposed essential parts of consent due to lawfulness of personal data processing versus inclusion of same data in a chain using blockchain technology, with the hypothesis that freewill public announcement of personal data substitute explicit consent for their processing. Finally, the author concludes that the principle of lawfulness stated by GDPR is not violated if the personal data processor using blockchain technology does not obtain consent for the processing of personal data, voluntarily put into the chain by another subject in the same “chain” and the “right to be forgotten” isn’t absolute right.
Da coculpabilidade à coculpabilidade às avessas
Authors: Lopes Júlia Gmeiner Caminhag , Siqueira Flávio Augusto Maretti Sgrilli
Published: October 2021

O artigo trata da análise da culpabilidade perpassando pela avaliação da teoria da coculpabilidade em suas vertentes. Ao examinarmos as asserções da coculpabilidade, verificamos sua adequação ao tecido social e viabilidade de enquadramento jurídico, notadamente, dentro da aplicação da pena. Feito isso, o artigo centra suas atenções na coculpabilidade às avessas, uma vez que se a coculpabilidade fundamenta-se no isolamento do agente da presença do mínimo vital constitucionalmente previsto seria (in)correto avaliar a possibilidade de assentar uma pena mais elevada, quando o agente, malgrado, tenha várias oportunidades para desenvolvimento de seu potencial como ser humano, envereda-se para a prática de delitos. Nessa perspectiva, ponderamos que a incidência da coculpabilidade às avessas demanda certa modificação legislativa, o que foi aduzido ao final do presente estudo. Em síntese, elucidar o papel dessas figuras dentro da teoria da pena é o objetivo deste artigo.
Proposal of a web application of virtual letters for restaurants as a prevention measure in time of COVID-19
Authors: Ogosi Auqui Jose Antonio , Salazar García Angel Eduardo , Garcia Cuzcano Jose Andres , Parra Cabanillas Aldo Sebastian , Feria Ramos Andres Israel
Published: October 2021

The COVID - 19 pandemic and the health crisis that today has affected the entire world, has forced many companies to make the use of technological tools essential for them to compete in the market. All this has made mobile applications or web systems the most appropriate solution to implement in your business model. The present investigative work aims to propose the analysis and development of an order management system, digitizing the menu for restaurants and allowing the ordering process to be quick and interactive. Following the guidelines provided by the Government of Peru, in which they recommend, the digitization of traditional letters as it is considered a source of the spread of the coronavirus and to be replaced by menus or virtual letters which can be scanned through QR codes. The development of this project allows customers to view in detail the available dishes offered by the restaurant and proceed to order the food they want, on the other hand, the restaurant can keep track of all orders and relevant information about the business. To develop the prototype, an analysis and information gathering of the technologies to be implemented will begin.
FAKTOR- FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PROSESPELAKSANAAN PEKERJAAN JALAN LINGKAR KOTA KENDARI II
Authors: Madu La , Sunaryo Sunaryo , Rachmat Laoede Musa
Published: October 2021

Keterlambatan proyek bisa berasal dari penyedia jasa pengguna jasa maupun  pihak  lain  yang  berdampak  penambahan  waktu  dan  biaya diluar rencana. Bila keterlambatan berasal dari kontraktor (Penyedia jasa), maka kontraktor bisa dikenai denda, begitu  juga  bila  keterlambatan  berasal dari  pengguna jasa, maka pengguna jasa akan membayar kerugian  yang  ditanggung  penyedia  jasa,  yang  jumlahnya  ditetapkan  dalam kontrak sesuai perundang- undangan yang berlaku. Banyak penelitian yang sudah dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab keterlambatan penyelesaianproyek .

Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled ( BCWS ), menggambarkan anggaran rencana sampai pada periode tertentu terhadap volume rencana proyek yang akan dikerjakan.Budgeted Cost of Work Performed ( BCWP ), menggambarkan anggaran rencana proyek pada periode tertentu terhadap apa yang telah dikerjakan pada volume pekerjaan aktual.

Pembebasan lahan yaitu Pekerjaan proyek jalan lingkar kota kendari II, pada saat pelaksanaan pekerjaan ada namanya ganti rugi yang dilakukan dari pihak pemerintah kepada masyarakat, apabila ada lahan masyarakat yang lahannya terkena proyek tersebut. Ketersediaan anggaran yaitu Pekerjaan proyek jalan lingkar kota kendari II,dengan panjang 38,15 km dengan jumlah anggaran Rp. 2.607.981.000,00 hal ini sangat terbatas. Sehingga pihak kontraktor melaksanakan pekerjaan proyek sesuai volume yang ada.Kondisi geografis yaitu Pekerjaan proyek jalan lingkar kota kendari II, ada gambar rencana dan item-item pekerjaan sebelum melaksanakan suatu pekerjaan proyek tersebut.

Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi proses penyelesaian proyek konstruksi jalan lingkar Kota Kendari II. Sesuai dengan hasil perhitungan program SPSS (analisis faktor) dari 3 faktor yang mempengaruhi proses pelaksanaan proyek konstruksi jalan di Kota Kendari. Adapun ke-3 faktor yang di teliti nilai kontribusi adalah : 1) ketersediaan anggaran dengan nilai 93,3%, 2) pembebasan lahan dengan nilai 68,5% dan 3) Kondisi geografis dengan nilai 61,8%.
Analisis Produktivitas Tukang Batu Bata Pada Proyek Pembangunan Asrama Puteri Mandala Wangi 2 di Kota Kendari
Authors: Mustahyun Al , Sunaryo Sunaryo , Rahmat La Ode Musa , Sufrianto Sufrianto
Published: October 2021

Productivity is one of the fundamental factors that influences the ability of performance in the construction industry. Increasedproductivity will reduce work time, and will reduce costs, especiallylabor costs so that the minimum labor cost is obtained (labor costs)to get competitive prices both for auction and implementation. Thepurpose of this study is to analyze the labor productivity time incompleting 1 m2 of masonry bricks and to analyze the productivityvalue of brick masons in completing work activities in the constructionproject of the Mandala Wangi 2 female dormitory. The results showedthat the time required to complete 1 m2 of brick laying work was 41.13minutes on average. The productivity of the artisans working on the 1stfloor is an average of 1.45 m2/hr. Meanwhile, the productivity ofcraftsmen working on the 2nd floor is an average of 1.47 m2/hr.
KONSEP MASLAHAH MENURUT IMAM MALIK DAN ALTUFI (STUDI KOMPARATIF TENTANG MASLAHAH IMAM MALIK DAN NAJM AL-DIN AL-TUFI)
Authors: Setiyawan Imas
Published: October 2021

Among the sources of Islamic law which is still disputed by scholars’ argumentis maslahah. Some scholars reject it, but most agree make maslahah as one of the sources of Islamiclaw in matters of ijtihad. Imam Malik considered as a pioneer scholar who makes maslahah as onesource of law ijtihadnya. His view was followed by the scholars 'other, one of whom is Najm al-Din al-Tufi, a cleric' Hambali. However, the twoleaders of thought are not the same, even in certaincases the difference is very sharp, although in certain parts have in common. In the view of Malik,maslahah serve as asource of Islamic law in matters which are not discussed formallyby nas and ijma ', butmust not conflict with the spirit of the passage as a whole. In contrast, al-Tufi maslahahgood use in the problem discussed by nat/ijma ', or not. As for the area applicationsmaslahah, both agree that that maslahah only be used in matters mu'amalah.
NEW GOVERNMENT CENTER OF GROBOGAN DISTRICT IN PURWODADI DISTRICT WITH NEO VERNACULAR PUSAT PEMERINTAHAN BARU KABUPATEN GROBOGAN DI KECAMATAN PURWODADI DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR NEO VERNAKULAR
Authors: Mustafit Hidayatul , Mandaka Mutiawati , Sasmito Adi
Published: October 2021

Pemerintah Kabupaten merupakan unsur utama dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintah di daerah yang berupa sub sistem dalam sistem pemerintahan Negara. Dalam hal perencanaan dan perancangan pusat pemerintahan baru kabupaten grobogan di kecamatan purwodadi mempunyai tujuan agar terpenuhinya kebutuhan ruang yang kurang memadai dalam pelayanan masyarakat serta memudahkan komunikasi antar sub sistem dalam pemerintah daerah agar tercapai sebuah tujuan bersama. Issue tersebut, tertanggapi oleh pemerintah daerah khususnya merupakan program yang harus di persiapkan untuk pemerintahan masa mendatang. Kecamatan Purwodadi Merupakan pusat kota dari kabupaten grobogan yang mempunyai potensi sebagai pusat pemerintahan dan telah mempunyai alun-alun sebagai tempat berkumpulnya masyarakat. Potensi sekaligus menjawab issue untuk penetapan letak pusat pemerintah kabupaten grobogan. Konsep Arsitektur yang di gunakan dalam perencanaan dan perancangan pusat pemerintahan ini menggunakan pendekatan Arsitektur Neo Vernakular dengan memperhatikan aspek kebudayaan, kondisi geografis dan rumah adat istiadat daerah setempat. Melalui Perencanaan dan Perancangan Pusat Pemerintahan Baru Kabupaten Grobogan Di Kecamatan Purwodadi menjadi sebuah kawasan dari pusat pemerintahan daerah yang baik dan memadai agar mendukung kinerja dan kualitas pemerintahan, serta memberikan pelayanan yang terbaik untuk masyarakat, memberikan publik space yang memadai untuk mendekatkan masyarakat dengan pemerintah karena pemerintah yang baik adalah pemerintah yang dekat dengan rakyatnya.
PENEMPATAN FASILITAS PARKIR PENGUNJUNG PADA ARENA BALAP MOBIL FORMULA
Authors: Sudanta Aditya , Wardianto Gatoet
Published: October 2021

Balap mobil Formula semakin populer di Indonesia. Pemerintah Indonesia telah memberikan persetujuan pembangunan Arena Balap Mobil Formula di kota Jakarta. Salah satu hal yang penting untuk diperhatikan dalam rancangan Arena Balap Mobil Formula adalah penyediaan fasilitas parkir bagi pengunjung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang faktor-faktor yang menjadi pertimbangan dalam menentukan penempatan fasilitas parkir bagi para pengunjung di Arena Balap Mobil Formula ketika diselenggarakan acara balapan. Metoda yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metoda Kualitatif Deskriptif dan teknik analisa Deskriptif Komparatif dengan melakukan pengamatan pada beberapa arena Balap Mobil Formula yang telah digunakan dalam serial balap tahunan. Tiga Arena Balap Formula diambil sebagai obyek komparasi yaitu Sirkuit Silverstone di Silverstone Inggris, Sirkuit Catalunya di Barcelona Spanyol, dan Sirkuit C.O.T.A (Circuit of the Americas) di Texas Amerika.
Impact of ankyloglossia on the language development of children
Authors: BARIS Hatice Ezgi , GUNHAN Hakan , KUCUK Selda , DURMUS KOCAASLAN Fatma Nihal , BORAN Perran
Published: October 2021

Objective: Ankyloglossia is a benign anomaly of the tongue which may cause functional limitation. Evidence regarding the impact ofankyloglossia on children’s language development is limited. We aimed to evaluate the language development of children born withankyloglossia.Patients and Methods: Children diagnosed with ankyloglossia were followed up prospectively. Demographic characteristics, degreeof ankyloglossia assessed by Hazelbaker score in infancy and its effects on breastfeeding were evaluated. Language development wastested by the Turkish version of the Test of Early Language Development-Third Edition and the Denver II Test at 3-5 years of age.Results: Out of 53 children diagnosed with ankyloglossia, 38 (71.7%) children had language development testing and were included intothe study. Significant ankyloglossia was detected in infancy in 10 of these children (26.3%). Median time of exclusively breastfeedingwas not different according to the severity of ankyloglossia. All children evaluated with Denver II Test were developmentally normalin all domains. Scores of Test of Early Language Development-Third Edition were not different between children with and withoutsignificant ankyloglossia.Conclusion: Long term language development of children with ankyloglossia was not adversely affected. Parents should beappropriately informed and efforts must be paid to prevent unnecessary surgical interventions concerning language delay.
Clinical standards for the assessment, management and rehabilitation of post-TB lung disease
Authors: Migliori G. B. , Marx F. M. , Ambrosino N. , Zampogna E. , Schaaf H. S. , van der Zalm M. M. , Allwood B. , Byrne A. L. , Mortimer K. , Wallis R. S. , Fox G. J. , Leung C. C. , Chakaya J. M. , Seaworth B. , Rachow A. , Marais B. J. , Furin J. , Akkerman O. W. , Al Yaquobi F. , Amaral A. F. S. , Borisov S. , Caminero J. A. , Carvalho A. C. C. , Chesov D. , Codecasa L. R. , Teixeira R. C. , Dalcolmo M. P. , Datta S. , Dinh-Xuan A-T. , Duarte R. , Evans C. A. , García-García J-M. , Günther G. , Hoddinott G. , Huddart S. , Ivanova O. , Laniado-Laborín R. , Manga S. , Manika K. , Mariandyshev A. , Mello F. C. Q. , Mpagama S. G. , Muñoz-Torrico M. , Nahid P. , Ong C. W. M. , Palmero D. J. , Piubello A. , Pontali E. , Silva D. R. , Singla R. , Spanevello A. , Tiberi S. , Udwadia Z. F. , Vitacca M. , Centis R. , D´Ambrosio L. , Sotgiu G. , Lange C. , Visca D.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests that post-TB lung disease (PTLD) causes significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of these clinical standards is to provide guidance on the assessment and management of PTLD and the implementation of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR).METHODS:
A panel of global experts in the field of TB care and PR was identified; 62 participated in a Delphi process. A 5-point Likert scale was used to score the initial ideas for standards and after several rounds of revision the document was approved (with 100% agreement).RESULTS: Five
clinical standards were defined: Standard 1, to assess patients at the end of TB treatment for PTLD (with adaptation for children and specific settings/situations); Standard 2, to identify patients with PTLD for PR; Standard 3, tailoring the PR programme to patient needs and the local setting;
Standard 4, to evaluate the effectiveness of PR; and Standard 5, to conduct education and counselling. Standard 6 addresses public health aspects of PTLD and outcomes due to PR.CONCLUSION: This is the first consensus-based set of Clinical Standards for PTLD. Our aim is to improve
patient care and quality of life by guiding clinicians, programme managers and public health officers in planning and implementing adequate measures to assess and manage PTLD.
Die sachsen-anhaltische Landtagswahl vom 6. Juni 2021: Die Mitte ist stabil
Authors: Völkl Kerstin
Published: October 2021

The clear winner of the state election in Saxony-Anhalt on June 6, 2021 was the CDU, which was well ahead of the AfD . The FDP, which managed to re-enter the state parliament, was also among the election winners . The big loser was the Left Party, which achieved the worst result in Saxony-Anhalt’s history . The election’s decisive result factor was the extraordinarily high popularity of Prime Minister Reiner Haseloff (CDU), who benefit­ed from his incumbency bonus across party lines . Not only did the citizens hardly know the other leading candidates; moreover the CDU was perceived as having strong problem­solving competence for the dominant issues of Corona and in other relevant policy areas . Likewise, the CDU and Haseloff’s strategy to clearly distinguish themselves from the AfD and the Left was successful . Since Prime Minister Haseloff wanted a stable government for the state, a tripartite alliance was the only option . Due to the conflicts between the CDU and the Greens in the previously ruling so-called Kenya coalition (black, red, green), the CDU chose the FDP as a new coalition partner alongside the SPD, and more than three months after the election a so-called Germany coalition (black, red, yellow) was concluded .
Der Sächsische Landtag und die Digitalisierung der Schulen 2017 bis 2021: Aktivitäten und Themen vor und während der Covid-19-Pandemie
Authors: Reus Iris , Attow Tim-Benedikt , Fenske Nico
Published: October 2021

How did the state parliament of Saxony deal with the topic of digitization at schools and how did the Covid-19 pandemic increase the problem’s immediacy? This question was investigat­ed by means of quantitative and qualitative analyses of parliamentary activities between 2017 and 2021 . The empirical evaluation for the period before the pandemic yields only a few activities in the Landtag, with the majority of initiatives coming from a cross-bencher . The­matically, the processes in 2017 and 2018 concentrated on digitization-related measures of the state government in general (or demands in this regard) as well as details of technical implementation . Despite the DigitalPakt going into effect in 2019, a period of inactivity fol­lowed for almost two years . Acute pressure to act set in when children had to be taught at home due the Covid 19 pandemic beginning in March 2020 . As the media analysis shows, the issue received constant and partly even high attention, with critical reports predominat­ing especially during the period of the second school closure . However, this problem pressure was not clearly reflected in the activities of the state parliament, either in terms of time or content, even though parliamentary interest increased noticeably during the pandemic . The­matically, the parliamentary groups turned their attention to the DigitalPakt and the design of media education concepts .
Kritik am Parlamentspräsidenten – ein grundloses Tabu?
Authors: Kleih Björn-Christian
Published: October 2021

It is widely assumed that members of parliament are not to criticize how the President of Parliament chairs a plenary session . The Constitutional Court of Baden-Württemberg, however, ruled that such criticism must not be treated as a breach of regulations if present­ed in an objective manner and to an appropriate extent . The court stated that, insofar, protection of the presidential authority was not an argument to justify the restriction of the right to speak . This article turns against this point of view . Presidential authority requires special protection for several reasons, in particular as it is closely linked to the functioning of Parliament . It must therefore be admissible for Parliament to set up a comprehensive taboo of criticism during its sessions .
Und wo sind die Wahlfrauen? Defizite deskriptiver Repräsentation bei der Wahl der deutschen Bundespräsidenten
Authors: Köker Philipp , Harmening Morten
Published: October 2021

Since German reunification, the average proportion of women in the Federal Convention, which elects the Federal President, has been just 32 per cent . To present a nuanced assess­ment of the lack of gender parity among electors, a new data set is used that includes all members of German Federal Conventions from 1994 to 2017 . The low proportion of women can only partly be attributed to the existence and implementation of gender quotas (that are not always binding) within parties . Differences in intra-party pressure and further restrictions in form of ties to external organizations mean that parties do not use the poten­tial to increase the proportion of women by nominating non-parliamentarians for that pur­pose . Quota regulations aimed at increasing the proportion of women in the Federal Con­vention quickly come up against practical and constitutional limits, which means that coming closer toward equal representation might begin by first raising public and party­internal awareness of the problem .
Wer wählt „Die PARTEI“? Eine empirische Analyse am Beispiel der Europawahl 2019
Authors: Klein Markus
Published: October 2021

The party “Die PARTEI” was founded in 2004 by editorial staff of the satirical magazine TITANIC and represents a cross-border satirical project: The PARTEI satirizes and carica­tures the existing parties and their personnel, while at the same time participating as a real party in real elections . However, it does not show any serious political aspirations . Based on data from official election statistics and on survey data, this article examines the question of who votes for the PARTEI: It shows that PARTEI voters are primarily young men up to the age of 35, who are often still studying and are somewhat more likely to come from East than West Germany . They are interested in politics, dissatisfied with the current state of German democracy, and politically left-wing . Their voting decision in favour of the PAR­TEI is primarily a vote of no confidence in the political and economic system of the Fed­eral Republic of Germany . PARTEI voters prefer voting for a satirical party instead of cast­ing an invalid vote .
Oppositionsverhalten in den Plenardebatten zum Migrationspakt: Der „Neue Dualismus“ auf dem Prüfstand
Authors: Bannert Michael , Höreth Marcus
Published: October 2021

In the 19th election period, the Alternative for Germany entered the German Bundestag for the first time . Being the largest opposition party, it is conspicuous for its aggressive and provocative behaviour . The smaller and established opposition parties FDP, Left Party, and Greens appear occasionally to distance themselves from their opposition colleague by form­ing an alliance together with the government with the purpose of challenging the far-right populist opposition party . By performing a case study analyzing plenary debates regarding the Global Compact for Migration, utilizing content and frequency analytic methods we study opposition party behaviour with regard to conflict patterns . The findings suggest that the “new dualism” between the governing majority and the opposition is supplemented by the confrontation between established parties and the AfD .
Begrenzung der Bundestagsgröße – ein Blick in den gesetzgeberischen „Werkzeugkasten“ zur Reform des Bundeswahlgesetzes
Authors: Müller Leo
Published: October 2021

In recent years, the Bundestag election system has turned into a permanent construction site . This is owed to the Supreme Constitutional Court (BVerfG) having ruled on the effect of negative voting weight and overhang seats and has led to the Federal Electoral Law (BWG) being changed a few times . When Norbert Lammert was President of the Bundestag he had already encouraged a reform to decrease the size of the Bundestag . Meanwhile the last reform is much more restrained than many political parties had required it to be and it is not clear whether the 20th Bundestag will decrease in size . Based on surveys, the next Bundestag could increase to an even higher number than today’s 709 seats . The Bundestag will probably once again have to take further action to decrease the number of seats . The new proposal presented here prevents another increase of the Bundestag and guarantees at the same time that every region is represented at least by one Member of Parliament .
Minimalinvasiv oder wirksam? Debattenbeitrag zur Novellierung des Bundeswahlrechts vom Oktober 2020
Authors: Krause Johannes
Published: October 2021

Despite the 2020 reform of Germany’s national parliament voting law, the debate about a robust voting system has not ended . Träger and Jacobs have convincingly shown that Naun­dorf’s suggestion to introduce a parallel voting system creates more problems than it solves, and thus more far-reaching approaches have to be considered . One way to stop the Bunde­stag from growing is to reject the two vote-system . Comparable to the system of Thuringia’s local elections, with open lists and three votes per voter, both the standard size of the Bun­destag can be safely adhered to and at the same time a personalized proportional represen­tation can be maintained . Among other advantages, the voters would have greater influence on the personalized composition of the Bundestag . In particular, reservations on the part of the political parties could stand in the way of such a sustainable solution to the ongoing problems with the German electoral system .
Sitzzuteilung in Doppelwahlkreisen: Ein Vorschlag für eine sanfte Reform
Authors: Hartmann Oskar
Published: October 2021

The author advocates a reform of the election system in favour of multi-nominal constitu­encies (see ZParl, no . 4-2019, p . 906 ff .) . It has to be noticed, however, that the political debate shows strong inertia in the present system, which has prevailed since 1949 and which consists of one-person-constituencies and Land candidate lists . Therefore, a second­best solution seems to be to continue the system as such but to organize the assignment of constituency seats in double constituencies . Each double constituency would assign two seats to the strongest or the two most-strongest parties within its area, applying the meth­ods of d’Hondt or Sainte Laguë . Tentatively calculated on the basis of the federal election results of 2017 and 2021, the suggested reform would not produce overhang seats (“Über­hangmandate”) . If this proposal were combined with a reduced number of constituencies, the probability of overhang seats would drop further . In this proposal single constituencies might not have a direct representative in Parliament . Directly elected MPs of neighbouring single constituencies or elected MPs of the Land candidate lists would become their co-representatives .
Mapping Hotspots and Emerging Trends of Tourism E-Commerce: A Multidisciplinary Perspective
Authors: Hou Zhiping , Wang Ping , Chen Zhifei , Luo Yuzhou
Published: October 2021

Tourism e-commerce is a multidisciplinary research area that involves tourism management and e-commerce. This paper provides a review of 1960 scientific studies published over the past two decades (1999-2018). This study presents a multidisciplinary comparative study, namely, a systematic review of tourism e-commerce, aiming to provide a reference guide for researchers. Under the methodological framework of a domain analysis, this paper analysed the scientific outputs and visualized the co-cited references, burst keywords, keyword co-occurrences and topic characteristics of journals. The results show that the tourism management discipline represents the main body of tourism e-commerce research and that this research demonstrates a rapid growth trend consistent with overall research. There are two main clusters of representative co-cited references in the tourism management discipline. However, in the e-commerce discipline, the distribution of co-cited references is scattered, lacking obvious cluster characteristics. The keyword co-occurrences in both disciplines present four themes, including network and information technology, consumer behaviour and social media as common themes. Tourism management journals can be divided into two categories, while e-commerce journals can be divided into three categories. Overall, the findings of this study can benefit researchers and practitioners.
Between protection and disclosure: applying the privacy calculus to investigate the intended use of privacy-protecting tools and self-disclosure on different websites
Authors: Meier Yannic , Schäwel Johanna , Krämer Nicole C.
Published: October 2021

Using privacy-protecting tools and reducing self-disclosure can decrease the likelihood of experiencing privacy violations. Whereas previous studies found people’s online self-disclosure being the result of privacy risk and benefit perceptions, the present study extended this so-called privacy calculus approach by additionally focusing on privacy protection by means of a tool. Furthermore, it is important to understand contextual differences in privacy behaviors as well as characteristics of privacy-protecting tools that may affect usage intention. Results of an online experiment (N = 511) supported the basic notion of the privacy calculus and revealed that perceived privacy risks were strongly related to participants’ desired privacy protection which, in turn, was positively related to the willingness to use a privacy-protecting tool. Self-disclosure was found to be context dependent, whereas privacy protection was not. Moreover, participants would rather forgo using a tool that records their data, although this was described to enhance privacy protection.
References to nationality in crime reporting: Effects on perceived news credibility and the moderating role of xenophobia
Authors: Kunst Marlene
Published: October 2021

In many Western countries, right-wing populists have accused mainstream media of disguising criminals’ foreign origins for the sake of political correctness. To avert a loss in credibility among certain audience segments, an increasing number of news media have therefore made it their policy to always report the nationality of perpetrators. Yet, whether references to nationality or the absence thereof affect credibility perceptions among audiences has not been empirically established. A between-subjects experimental study (N = 261) was conducted in Germany to fill this gap. The findings show that the effect of references to nationality on credibility perceptions depends substantially on news consumers’ pre-existing social attitudes. Among xenophobic participants, references to perpetrators as foreign citizens enhanced perceptions of media credibility; the opposite tended to be true for participants with low xenophobia. Practical implications for news practitioners and avenues for future research are discussed.
Verfassungsrechtliche Legislativpflichten im Umsatzsteuerrecht
Authors: Reiners Christian
Published: October 2021

The book looks at the entrepreneur's duties in the VAT process from a fundamental rights perspective. It is shown that the existing procedural instruments for risk shielding are deficient and, in particular, that the predominantly administrative-economically motivated cause of the engagement urges legislative relief for the entrepreneur on a constitutional level. Based on the legal consequences of violations of fundamental rights and the rule of equality identified in the course of the examination, a „bound“ legislative discretion is derived, which only allows the creation of a VAT-specific information statute to suffice as a means of creating a constitutional legal situation.
Práva z vad při smíšeném darování
Authors: Kolmačka Viktor
Published: October 2021

Předmětem článku je problematika práv z vad v případě smíšeného darování. Tento druh prostředků nápravy předpokládá úplatnou povahu smlouvy, a proto bude nejprve osvětlen význam úplatnosti. Poté je pozornost věnována rozboru jak přistupovat k závazku, který má charakter smíšeného darování, neboť současná česká nauka toto téma neobjasňuje. Konečně tento článek usiluje o nabídnutí řešení, za jakých předpokladů odpovídá zcizitel za vady svého plnění a jakým způsobem mají být práva z vad realizována.
Soudní kontrola excesivních úroků z prodlení
Authors: Skočovský Dominik
Published: October 2021

Tento článek se zabývá problematikou excesivních smluvních úroků z prodlení. Autor nejprve uvažuje, jakými nástroji může soud excesivní smluvní úroky z prodlení zmírnit. Tyto nástroje následně rozděluje do dvou kategorií – nástrojů směřujících na obsah ujednání a nástrojů směřujících na kontrolu přiměřenosti výše nároku. Následně článek analyzuje možnost použití uvažovaných nástrojů na excesivní smluvní úroky z prodlení. Text za využití historické, zčásti zahraniční, ale především funkční komparace poukazuje na podobnost institutů smluvní pokuty (sjednané ve formě odpovídající úrokům z prodlení) a smluvního úroku z prodlení. Zatímco však nepřiměřeně vysoká smluvní pokuta podléhá moderaci podle § 2051 OZ, u nepřiměřeně vysokého smluvního úroku z prodlení podobný nástroj absentuje. V textu je proto posléze podrobně argumentován závěr o hodnotovém rozporu spočívajícím v odlišném zacházení se smluvní pokutou sjednanou ve formě odpovídající úrokům z prodlení a smluvním úroku z prodlení, který může plnit téže funkce. Právě hodnotovým rozporem je tak v textu odůvodňován závěr o mezeře v zákoně, která vyžaduje analogickou aplikaci § 2051 OZ (či jeho teleologickou redukci). Závěrem článek kriticky rozebírá nedávnou judikaturu Nejvyššího soudu ve vztahu k excesivním smluvním úrokům z prodlení.