bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Severe Herpes Zoster Following Varicella Vaccination in Immunocompetent Young Children
Authors: Moodley Amaran , Swanson Jack , Grose Charles , Bonthius Daniel J.
Published: January 2019

Varicella vaccination is now virtually universal in North America, as well as in some European and Asian countries. Since varicella vaccine is a live attenuated virus, the virus replicates in the skin after administration and can travel via sensory nerves or viremia to become latent in the dorsal root ganglia. In some immunized children, virus reactivates within a few months to a few years to cause the dermatomal exanthem known as herpes zoster (shingles). Herpes zoster caused by vaccine virus often reactivates within the same dermatome as the site of the original varicella vaccine injection. We present evidence that occasional cases of herpes zoster following varicella vaccination in immunocompetent children can be as severe as herpes zoster following wild-type varicella. Analysis of the virus in one case disclosed that the vaccine virus causing herpes zoster was a wild-type variant with a mutation in ORF0. With regard to dermatomal localization of the viral eruption, we predict that herpes zoster of the lumbar dermatomes in children is likely to be caused by vaccine virus, because herpes zoster in those dermatomes is rare in children after wild-type varicella. One of the children with herpes zoster subsequently developed asthma, a known risk factor for herpes zoster, but none of the children had an autoimmune disease. Although postherpetic neuralgia is exceedingly rare, children who develop herpes zoster following varicella vaccination are at risk (albeit low) of developing meningoencephalitis and should be carefully observed for a few weeks.
Effect of a Crisis Intervention Team for suicide attempt patients in an emergency department in Korea
Authors: Ahn Eusang , Kim Jooyeong , Moon Sungwoo , Ko Young‐hoon , Cho Hanjin , Park Jong‐Hak , Song Ju Hyun , Kim Han Na , Jee Ju Yeon , Han Ra Young
Published: January 2019

Background:

South Korea has one of the highest rates of suicide in the world, which poses an immense socioeconomic burden on the healthcare system.

Objectives:

We hypothesized that the implementation of a Crisis Intervention Team would lead to an improvement in completion rates of suicide prevention counseling programs.

Methods:

This is a retrospective before‐and‐after analysis, and was carried out in the emergency department in the city of Ansan, South Korea. The Crisis Intervention Team, funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, counsels suicide attempt patients with the ultimate goal of assuring proper administration of mental healthcare from community suicide support programs. Data on suicide attempt patients were collected using medical records. The primary outcome was defined as completion of the 8‐week follow‐up period for suicide attempt patients with the community suicide support programs.

Results:

A total of 246 patients from the pre‐intervention period and 296 patients from the post‐intervention period were included in the study. The completion rates of the 8‐week follow‐up period increased significantly after the intervention. During the pre‐intervention period, 9 patients (3.7%) who were referred to the community suicide support program completed the 8 weeks of follow‐up, whereas in the post‐intervention period, 56 patients (18.9%) followed up for 8 weeks or more (p < 0.0001). The secondary outcome, overall linkage rates to community suicide support program, did not change significantly, with a minor increase from 46 (18.7%) to 63 (21.3%) (p = 0.45).

Conclusion:

The implementation of an in‐hospital Crisis Intervention Team dedicated to active and assertive counseling that begins in the emergency department was correlated with significantly increased completion rates of the 8‐week follow‐up counseling program.
The Effects of the “War on Science” Frame on Scientists’ Credibility
Authors: Hardy Bruce W. , Tallapragada Meghnaa , Besley John C. , Yuan Shupei
Published: January 2019

A randomized experiment of 1,024 U.S. adults was conducted to examine the effect of the war on science frame on perceptions of scientists’ credibility. Because recent use of this frame is a response to the Trump Administration, those who politically align with him (e.g., conservatives) are likely to experience identity threat when confronted with the war on science frame. Results show that when viewed as aggressive, the war on science frame prompted conservatives to report lower agreement with a scientist credibility index than liberals, suggesting that the war on science frame has the potential to further polarize science.
Should we perform fine needle aspiration cytology of subcentimetre thyroid nodules? A retrospective review of local practice
Authors: Chua Jasmine ME , Tang Jonathan YM , Lim Desmond SW , Venkatanarasimha Nanda , Chandramohan Sivanathan , Too Chow Wei , Sanamandra Sarat K , Salkade Parag R , Tan Bien Soo , Damodharan Karthikeyan
Published: January 2019

In light of the rising rate of incidentally detected subcentimetre thyroid nodules due to improved surveillance and diagnostic imaging, the decision of whether to perform fine needle aspiration cytology is increasingly pertinent. We aim to assess (1) the sampling adequacy of fine needle aspiration cytology, (2) malignancy rate, (3) thyroidectomy rate and (4) diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology. A total of 245 subcentimetre nodules in 220 patients underwent fine needle aspiration cytology between 2011 and 2014. Medical records were reviewed for cytology results, subsequent management and histopathological results in the event the patient underwent thyroidectomy. Sampling adequacy was calculated as the percentage of diagnostic results (Bethesda II–VI). Malignancy rate was defined as the percentage of Bethesda IV–VI diagnoses. Amongst patients with Bethesda IV–VI diagnoses who underwent thyroidectomy, their cytology reports were correlated with post-operative histopathological findings. The sampling adequacy of fine needle aspiration cytology was 77.1%. Malignancy rate (Bethesda IV–VI) was 9.7%. The respective malignancy rates in the < 5 mm nodule group and ≥ 5 mm nodule group were 6.67 and 10.0%. In total, 79.2% (19/24) of the malignant nodules underwent surgical excision. The rest declined surgery and/or were lost to follow-up. Amongst the malignant nodules which were surgically resected, 84.2% (16/19) had definitive malignant histology. Five of these demonstrated multifocal carcinoma and/or extrathyroidal extension of carcinoma on histology. Initial fine needle aspiration cytology and subsequent histopathological diagnoses matched in all cases except for three that had false-positive fine needle aspiration cytology results. Majority of our patients with suspicious cytology results subsequently underwent thyroidectomy, notwithstanding the relatively lower diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology in subcentimetre thyroid nodules.
Azacitidine maintenance after intensive chemotherapy improves DFS in older AML patients
Authors: Huls Gerwin , Chitu Dana A. , Havelange Violaine , Jongen-Lavrencic Mojca , van de Loosdrecht Arjan A. , Biemond Bart J. , Sinnige Harm , Hodossy Beata , Graux Carlos , Kooy Rien van Marwijk , de Weerdt Okke , Breems Dimitri , Klein Saskia , Kuball Jürgen , Deeren Dries , Terpstra Wim , Vekemans Marie-Christiane , Ossenkoppele Gert J. , Vellenga Edo , Löwenberg Bob ,   the Dutch-Belgian Hemato-Oncology Cooperative Group (HOVON)
Published: January 2019

The prevention of relapse is the major therapeutic challenge in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who have obtained a complete remission (CR) on intensive chemotherapy. In this randomized phase 3 study (HOVON97) in older patients (≥60 years) with AML or myelodysplastic syndrome with refractory anemia with excess of blasts, in CR/CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi) after at least 2 cycles of intensive chemotherapy, we assessed the value of azacitidine as postremission therapy with respect to disease-free survival (DFS; primary end point) and overall survival (OS; secondary end point). In total, 116 eligible patients were randomly (1:1) assigned to either observation (N = 60) or azacitidine maintenance (N = 56; 50 mg/m2, subcutaneously, days 1-5, every 4 weeks) until relapse, for a maximum of 12 cycles. Fifty-five patients received at least 1 cycle of azacitidine, 46 at least 4 cycles, and 35 at least 12 cycles. The maintenance treatment with azacitidine was feasible. DFS was significantly better for the azacitidine treatment group (logrank; P = .04), as well as after adjustment for poor-risk cytogenetic abnormalities at diagnosis and platelet count at randomization (as surrogate for CR vs CRi; Cox regression; hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.95; P = .026). The 12-month DFS was estimated at 64% for the azacitidine group and 42% for the control group. OS did not differ between treatment groups, with and without censoring for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Rescue treatment was used more often in the observation group (n = 32) than in the azacitidine maintenance group (n = 9). We conclude that azacitidine maintenance after CR/CRi after intensive chemotherapy is feasible and significantly improves DFS. The study is registered with The Netherlands Trial Registry (NTR1810) and EudraCT (2008-001290-15).
3D Dix inversion using bound-constrained total variation regularization
Authors: Gholami Ali , Zabihi Naeini Ehsan
Published: January 2019

Given the ill-conditioned nature of Dix inversion, the resultant Dix interval-velocity field is often unrealistic, noisy, and highly dependent on the quality of the provided root-mean-square velocities. While the classic least-squares regularization techniques, e.g., various forms of Tikhonov regularization, lead to somewhat suboptimal stability, we formulated the Dix inversion as a new constrained optimization problem. This enables one to incorporate prior knowledge as soft and/or hard bounds for the optimization, effectively treating it as a denoising problem. The solution to the problem is achieved by a bound-constrained total variation (TV) regularization. TV regularization has the advantage of being able to recover the discontinuities in the model, but it often comes with a large memory and compute requirements. Therefore, we have developed a simple and memory-efficient algorithm using iterative refinement strategy. The quality of the new algorithm is also cross-examined against different strategies, which are currently used in practice. Overall, we observe that the proposed method outperforms classic Dix inversion methods on the synthetic and real data examples.
Wave simulation in double-porosity media based on the Biot-Rayleigh theory
Authors: Wang Enjiang , Carcione José M. , Ba Jing
Published: January 2019

We have developed a numerical algorithm for simulation of wave propagation in double-porosity media, where the pore space is saturated with a single fluid. Spherical inclusions embedded in a background medium oscillate to yield attenuation by mode conversion from fast P-wave energy to slow P-wave energy (mesoscopic or wave-induced fluid-flow loss). The theory is based on the Biot theory of poroelasticity and the Rayleigh model of bubble oscillations. The differential equation of the Biot-Rayleigh variable is approximated with the Zener mechanical model, which results in a memory-variable viscoelastic equation. These approximations are required to model mesoscopic losses arising from conversion of the fast P-wave energy to slow diffusive modes. The model predicts a relaxation peak in the seismic band, depending on the diameter of the patches, to model the attenuation level observed in rocks. The wavefield is obtained with a grid method based on the Fourier differential operator and a second-order time-integration algorithm. Because the presence of two slow quasistatic modes makes the differential equations stiff, a time-splitting integration algorithm is used to solve the stiff part analytically. The modeling has spectral accuracy in the calculation of the spatial derivatives.
Energy distribution of weak deformed rock mass and its influence on gas well productivity
Authors: Yin Shuai , Wang Yi , Zhao Jingzhou , Wang Yan , Wu Weitao , Yang Tebo
Published: January 2019

Microfractures represent an important rupture type, but current studies on the construction of microscale rupture parameters and their impacts on oil and gas production capacity are relatively weak. Therefore, we constructed the strain energy density ([Formula: see text]) based on 3D finite-element method (FEM) for the tight sandstone reservoir of the Permian He8 segment in the western region of the Sulige gas field, Ordos Basin. It indicated that the [Formula: see text] values of the major production layers are mainly distributed between 0.12 and [Formula: see text]. High-[Formula: see text]-value regions ([Formula: see text]) are mainly distributed in local areas of the western, central, and eastern regions. The [Formula: see text] values are small in the northwestern part of the study area and are usually less than [Formula: see text]. There is a very good exponential correlation between the [Formula: see text] values and gas well productivity (the main controlling factor for the production capacity of the He8 tight sandstone is the gas content, and fracturing, as an engineering factor affecting capacity, has not been taken into account). The distribution of the strain energy densities also matches the low-amplitude tectonic zone well. We have developed the criterion for the discrimination of gas well productivity using the strain energy density. According to this criterion, the conformity rates of type I, type II, and type III wells are 92.3%, 73.0%, and 83.3%, respectively. The areas with [Formula: see text] values greater than [Formula: see text], especially for areas with [Formula: see text] values exceeding [Formula: see text], which should serve as the core exploration targets. The research results can effectively guide tight gas sandstone exploration in low-amplitude tectonic zones and reduce the risk of drilling.
Court diversion for those with psychosis and its impact on re-offending rates: results from a longitudinal data-linkage study
Authors: Albalawi Olayan , Chowdhury Nabila Zohora , Wand Handan , Allnutt Stephen , Greenberg David , Adily Armita , Kariminia Azar , Schofield Peter , Sara Grant , Hanson Sarah , O'Driscoll Colman , Butler Tony
Published: January 2019

Background

With significant numbers of individuals in the criminal justice system having mental health problems, court-based diversion programmes and liaison services have been established to address this problem.

Aims

To examine the effectiveness of the New South Wales (Australia) court diversion programme in reducing re-offending among those diagnosed with psychosis by comparing the treatment order group with a comparison group who received a punitive sanction.

Method

Those with psychoses were identified from New South Wales Ministry of Health records between 2001 and 2012 and linked to offending records. Cox regression models were used to identify factors associated with re-offending.

Results

A total of 7743 individuals were identified as diagnosed with a psychotic disorder prior to their court finalisation date for their first principal offence. Overall, 26% of the cohort received a treatment order and 74% received a punitive sanction. The re-offending rate in the treatment order group was 12% lower than the punitive sanction group. ‘Acts intended to cause injury’ was the most common type of the first principal offence for the treatment order group compared with the punitive sanction group (48% v. 27%). Drug-related offences were more likely to be punished with a punitive sanction than a treatment order (12% v. 2%).

Conclusions

Among those with a serious mental illness (i.e. psychosis), receiving a treatment order by the court rather than a punitive sanction was associated with reduced risk for subsequent offending. We further examined actual mental health treatment received and found that receiving no treatment following the first offence was associated with an increased risk of re-offending and, so, highlighting the importance of treatment for those with serious mental illness in the criminal justice system.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of telephone cognitive–behaviour therapy for adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Tie Hiong , Krebs Georgina , Lang Katie , Shearer James , Turner Cynthia , Mataix-Cols David , Lovell Karina , Heyman Isobel , Byford Sarah
Published: January 2019

Background

Telephone cognitive–behaviour therapy (TCBT) may be a cost-effective method for improving access to evidence-based treatment for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in young people.

Aims

Economic evaluation of TCBT compared with face-to-face CBT for OCD in young people.

Method

Randomised non-inferiority trial comparing TCBT with face-to-face CBT for 72 young people (aged 11 to 18) with a diagnosis of OCD. Cost-effectiveness at 12-month follow-up was explored in terms of the primary clinical outcome (Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, CY-BOCS) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) (trial registration: ISRCTN27070832).

Results

Total health and social care costs were higher for face-to-face CBT (mean total cost £2965, s.d. = £1548) than TCBT (mean total cost £2475, s.d. = £1024) but this difference was non-significant (P = 0.118). There were no significant between-group differences in QALYs or the CY-BOCS and there was strong evidence to support the clinical non-inferiority of TCBT. Cost-effectiveness analysis suggests a 74% probability that face-to-face CBT is cost-effective compared with TCBT in terms of QALYs, but the result was less clear in terms of CY-BOCS, with TCBT being the preferred option at low levels of willingness to pay and the probability of either intervention being cost-effective at higher levels of willingness to pay being around 50%.

Conclusions

Although cost-effectiveness of TCBT was sensitive to the outcome measure used, TCBT should be considered a clinically non-inferior alternative when access to standard clinic-based CBT is limited, or when patient preference is expressed.

Declaration of interest

D.M.-C. reports research grants from the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet), the Swedish Research Council for Health, working life and welfare (Forte), the US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the UK National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), as well as royalties from Wolters Kluwer Health and Elsevier, all unrelated to the submitted work.
Fully Automatic Treatment Planning for External-Beam Radiation Therapy of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: A Tool for Low-Resource Clinics
Authors: Kisling Kelly , Zhang Lifei , Simonds Hannah , Fakie Nazia , Yang Jinzhong , McCarroll Rachel , Balter Peter , Burger Hester , Bogler Oliver , Howell Rebecca , Schmeler Kathleen , Mejia Mike , Beadle Beth M. , Jhingran Anuja , Court Laurence
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to validate a fully automatic treatment planning system for conventional radiotherapy of cervical cancer. This system was developed to mitigate staff shortages in low-resource clinics.

Methods

In collaboration with hospitals in South Africa and the United States, we have developed the Radiation Planning Assistant (RPA), which includes algorithms for automating every step of planning: delineating the body contour, detecting the marked isocenter, designing the treatment-beam apertures, and optimizing the beam weights to minimize dose heterogeneity. First, we validated the RPA retrospectively on 150 planning computed tomography (CT) scans. We then tested it remotely on 14 planning CT scans at two South African hospitals. Finally, automatically planned treatment beams were clinically deployed at our institution.

Results

The automatically and manually delineated body contours agreed well (median mean surface distance, 0.6 mm; range, 0.4 to 1.9 mm). The automatically and manually detected marked isocenters agreed well (mean difference, 1.1 mm; range, 0.1 to 2.9 mm). In validating the automatically designed beam apertures, two physicians, one from our institution and one from a South African partner institution, rated 91% and 88% of plans acceptable for treatment, respectively. The use of automatically optimized beam weights reduced the maximum dose significantly (median, −1.9%; P < .001). Of the 14 plans from South Africa, 100% were rated clinically acceptable. Automatically planned treatment beams have been used for 24 patients with cervical cancer by physicians at our institution, with edits as needed, and its use is ongoing.

Conclusion

We found that fully automatic treatment planning is effective for cervical cancer radiotherapy and may provide a reliable option for low-resource clinics. Prospective studies are ongoing in the United States and are planned with partner clinics.
Let’s Talk About Those Herbs You Are Taking: Ethical Considerations for Communication With Patients With Cancer About Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Authors: Tenner Laura , Hlubocky Fay J. , Blanke Charles D. , LeBlanc Thomas W. , Marron Jonathan M. , McGinnis Molly M. , Spence Rebecca A. , Taylor Lynne P.
Published: January 2019

Oncologists face ethical challenges when patients use potentially harmful complementary and alternative medicine in addition to or instead of conventional treatments for their cancer. For example, a patient may forego effective cancer treatment in favor of alternative therapies and suffer significant harm as a result. Similarly, false beliefs about the efficacy of complementary therapies may complicate the process of shared decision making about cancer treatment. In this vignette, we discuss clinicians’ obligations and provide recommendations for ethically sound communication practices in this clinical context.
The N-cadherin interactome in primary cardiomyocytes as defined using quantitative proximity proteomics
Authors: Li Yang , Merkel Chelsea D. , Zeng Xuemei , Heier Jonathon A. , Cantrell Pamela S. , Sun Mai , Stolz Donna B. , Watkins Simon C. , Yates Nathan A. , Kwiatkowski Adam V.
Published: January 2019

The junctional complexes that couple cardiomyocytes must transmit the mechanical forces of contraction while maintaining adhesive homeostasis. The adherens junction (AJ) connects the actomyosin networks of neighboring cardiomyocytes and is required for proper heart function. Yet little is known about the molecular composition of the cardiomyocyte AJ or how it is organized to function under mechanical load. Here, we define the architecture, dynamics and proteome of the cardiomyocyte AJ. Mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes assemble stable AJs along intercellular contacts with organizational and structural hallmarks similar to mature contacts. We combine quantitative mass spectrometry with proximity labeling to identify the N-cadherin (CDH2) interactome. We define over 350 proteins in this interactome, nearly 200 of which are unique to CDH2 and not part of the E-cadherin (CDH1) interactome. CDH2-specific interactors comprise primarily adaptor and adhesion proteins that promote junction specialization. Our results provide novel insight into the cardiomyocyte AJ and offer a proteomic atlas for defining the molecular complexes that regulate cardiomyocyte intercellular adhesion.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
Chum salmon migrating upriver accommodate to environmental temperatures through metabolic compensation
Authors: Abe Takaaki K. , Kitagawa Takashi , Makiguchi Yuya , Sato Katsufumi
Published: January 2019

Ectotherms adjust their thermal performances to various thermal ranges by altering their metabolic rates. These metabolic adjustments involve plastic and/or genetic traits and pathways depend on species-specific ecological contexts. Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta Walbaum) are ecologically unique among the Pacific salmonids, as early-run and late-run populations are commonly observed in every part of their range. In the Sanriku coastal area, Japan, early-run adults experience high water temperatures (12–24°C) during their migration, compared with the late-run adults (4–15°C), suggesting that the two populations might have different thermal performances. Here, we found population-specific differences in the thermal sensitivities of metabolic rates (resting metabolic rate, RMR, and maximum (aerobic) metabolic rate, MMR) and critical temperature maxima. Then, using these parameters, we estimated thermal performance curves of absolute aerobic scope (AAS). The populations had different thermal performance curves of AAS, and in both populations high values of AAS were maintained throughout the range of ecologically relevant temperatures. However, the populations did not vary substantially in the peak (AAS at optimal temperature, ToptAAS) or breadth (width of sub-optimal temperature range) of the performance curves. The AAS curve of early-run fish was shifted approximately 3°C higher than that of late-run fish. Furthermore, when the data for RMR and MMR were aligned to the thermal differences from ToptAAS, it became clear that the populations did not differ in the temperature dependence of their metabolic traits. Our results indicate that chum salmon thermally accommodate through compensatory alterations in metabolic rates. Our results imply that metabolic plasticity and/or the effect of genetic variance on plasticity might play a pivotal role in their thermal accommodation.
Contrasting response of haematological variables between long-term training and short exercise bouts in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: Bury Agata , Niedojadlo Jowita , Sadowska Edyta T. , Bauchinger Ulf , Cichoń Mariusz
Published: January 2019

Physical aerobic activity is oxygen-demanding, but – particularly for birds – there is still little understanding of how blood contributes to oxygen supply under various activity levels. In a two-factorial experimental design we investigated the long-term effect of daily flight training and the immediate effect of a short exercise bout on a set of haematological variables: haemoglobin content (HGB), haematocrit (HCT), red blood cell number (RBCcount) and size (RBCarea) in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). For a period of six weeks, birds were either trained daily for 3 hours in a flight arena or remained untrained. Subsequently, half of each group was blood sampled either at resting condition or after a five-minute exercise bout in a flight-hover wheel. We found significantly lower HGB, HCT and RBCcount compared to untrained controls in response to training, while RBCarea did not differ between treatments. Response to an exercise bout revealed an opposite pattern with significantly higher HGB and HCT compared to non-exercised birds. Additionally, RBCarea was significantly smaller immediately after exercise compared to non-exercised birds, and such short-term flexibility represents a novel finding for birds. This contrasting response in erythrocyte characteristics with respect to long-term training and short exercise bouts appears as a clear pattern, presumably underlied by changes in water balance. We infer alterations of blood flow to be involved in adequate oxygen supply. During an exercise bout RBCarea flexibility may enhance not only oxygen delivery through improved erythrocyte surface-area-to-volume ratio, but also improve blood flow through a compensatory effect on blood viscosity.
Facultative mobilization of eggshell calcium promotes embryonic growth in an oviparous snake
Authors: Stewart James R. , Pyles Rebecca A. , Mathis Kaitlyn A. , Ecay Tom W.
Published: January 2019

The mineralized eggshell of Reptilia was a major innovation in the evolution of the amniotic egg. Inorganic components strengthen the eggshell and are a potential source of nutrients to developing embryos. Embryos of oviparous reptiles do extract calcium from eggshells but vary interspecifically in exploitation of this resource. The pattern of embryonic calcium nutrition of the corn snake, Pantherophis guttatus, is similar to a diversity of squamate species; embryos obtain most calcium from yolk, yet also mobilize calcium from the eggshell. We tested the hypothesis that embryonic development is not dependent on eggshell calcium by manipulating calcium availability. We peeled away the outer calcareous layer of the eggshell of recently oviposited eggs; control eggs were left intact. Eggs were sampled periodically and calcium content of egg compartments (embryo, yolk, eggshell) was measured. We also analyzed skeletal development and size of hatchlings. There was no difference in survivorship or length of incubation between treatments. However, hatchlings from intact eggs contained more calcium and were larger in mass and length than siblings from peeled eggs. There were no observable differences in ossification but hatchlings from intact eggs had larger skeletal elements (skull, vertebrae). Our results indicate that mobilization of eggshell calcium is not a requirement for embryonic development of P. guttatus and that embryos augment yolk calcium by extracting calcium from the eggshell. This pattern of embryonic calcium nutrition would favor embryos with a greater capacity to mobilize calcium from the eggshell by promoting growth and thereby potentially enhance hatchling fitness.
In vivo effects of temperature on the heart and pyloric rhythms in the crab, Cancer borealis
Authors: Kushinsky Dahlia , Morozova Ekaterina O. , Marder Eve
Published: January 2019

The heart and pyloric rhythms of crustaceans have been studied separately and extensively over many years. Local and hormonal neuromodulation and sensory inputs onto these central pattern generator circuits play a significant role in an animals’ response to perturbations, but are usually lost or removed during in vitro studies. To examine simultaneously the in vivo motor output of the crustacean heart and pyloric rhythms, we used photoplethysmography (PPG). In the population measured (n=49), the heart rhythm frequencies ranged from 0.3-2.3 Hz. The pyloric rhythms varied from 0.2-1.6 Hz. We observed a weak correlation between the frequencies of the heart and pyloric rhythms. During multiple hour-long recordings, many animals held at a controlled temperature showed strong inhibitory bouts in which the heart decreased in frequency or become quiescent and the pyloric rhythm decreased in frequency. We measured the simultaneous responses of the rhythms to temperature ramps by heating or cooling the saline bath while recording both the heart and pyloric muscle movements. Q10s, critical temperatures (temperatures at which muscle function is compromised), and changes in frequency were calculated for each of the rhythms tested. The heart rhythm was more robust to high temperature than the pyloric rhythm.
Multiple Glass-Transitions of Globular Protein BSA Aqueous Solutions Depending on the Hydration Degree
Authors: Watanabe Keisuke , Kawai Kiyoshi , Nagoe Atsushi , Suzuki Toru , Oguni Masaharu
Published: January 2019

Glass-transition behavior of hydrated bovine serum albumin (BSA) aqueous solutions depending on hydration degree within 0.05 and 0.43 h (water-g/protein-g) was investigated according to the measurement of an enthalpy-relaxation rate deduced from the temperature drift observed by adiabatic calorimetry. The results showed that an increase in hydration degree enlarged the temperature range in which the enthalpy-relaxation effects emerged. The BSA sample in hydration degree around 0.05 h showed one Tg peak, and further hydration to 0.24 h led to up to three distinguishable Tg, and finally BSA solution of 0.43 h showed cold crystallization due to the portion of water molecules included. The multiplicity of the Tg in the well-hydrated BSA is explained as follows: At sufficiently low temperatures, ∼50 K, the hydrated BSA molecule and the contained water molecules are completely frozen. Then, heating induces mobility of some of the water molecules initially, and further causes the sequential unfreezing of the polar side chains of BSA molecules, coupling with the directly hydrating water molecules, and, in turn, of the main chains of the BSA molecule. This interpretation may integrate the unique insights of glass transition behavior of hydrated proteins into a consensus.
Reactions between 5-Nitroso-1,3-diphenyltetrazolium Salts and Electron-Rich Arenes, Amines, Thiophenol, Sulfoxides, and Thioanisole
Authors: Matsukawa Yuta , Hirashita Tsunehisa , Araki Shuki
Published: January 2019

A series of reactions between 5-nitroso-1,3-diphenyltetrazolium tetrafluoroborate and methoxybenzenes, amines, thiols, sulfoxides, and sulfides, most of which are generally accepted as being inert to nitroso groups, is reported here. The tetrazolium-activated nitroso functionality is capable of oxidizing the aforementioned substrates to give the corresponding oxidized products, and the nitroso tetrazolium itself is transformed into the corresponding amide or hydroxyamide, depending on the nature of the reaction partners. In the case of thioanisole, an addition product was obtained.
Between Neighbors – Between Immigrants Poles and Ukrainians in the United States During the Time of the Cold War: A Few Reflections
Authors: Fiń Anna
Published: January 2019

This article deals with the problem of ethnic relations between Polish and Ukrainian immigrants in the United States between the years 1945-1991 by way of a sociological interpretation of the historical process. The author describes two basic forms of intergroup behavior including conflict relations (factors triggering conflict) and intergroup cooperation. The paper therefore tries to reveal the correlation between what “has happened” between members of the groups in European conditions and how this impacts intergroup relations in the diaspora.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS INFORMAÇÕES NUTRICIONAIS E INGREDIENTES DECLARADOS NOS RÓTULOS DE PÃES INTEGRAIS COMERCIALIZADOS NAS PRINCIPAIS REDES DE SUPERMERCADOS DE BELÉM - PARÁ
Authors: Nascimento José Maria do , Souza Aline Ozana de
Published: January 2019

O pão de trigo integral desponta como uma das opções alimentares em crescimento no país, atraindo consumidores que buscam produtos mais saudáveis. Questiona-se, no entanto, em relação à quantidade de farinha de trigo integral empregada na produção desses pães, pois não é fixado na legislação nacional um quantitativo mínimo para adição de farinha integral. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar a tabela de informação nutricional e a lista de ingredientes de pães integrais comercializados em Belém, PA. Realizou-se estudo observacional e descritivo de 21 produtos coletados em três redes de supermercados da cidade de Belém que apresentavam a informação “integral”, lista de ingredientes e tabela “Informação Nutricional” para porção de 50g. Observou-se, também, se havia inserções quanto ao conteúdo ou não de glúten, alérgenos, lactose, presenças dos selos da Associação Nacional de Assistência ao Diabético e do Whole Grains Council. A análise dos dados foi feita no programa BioEstat 5.3. Observou-se que em 71,4% dos pães a farinha de trigo integral comparecia em primeiro lugar na lista de ingredientes. Em média, esses pães apresentaram maior teor de proteínas e fibra alimentar: 76,2% apresentaram algum tipo de açúcar como ingrediente e 81% atendiam aos requisitos da Resolução 54/2012 da Anvisa como fonte de fibras, com correlação positiva com a quantidade de ingredientes: 14,3% continham a informação obrigatória da quantidade de colesterol de acordo com a Resolução 360/2003. Verificou-se substancial uso de aditivos, que colocam tais produtos na categoria de ultraprocessados e a não presença da farinha de trigo integral como primeiro ingrediente em 28,6% das amostras analisadas. Conclui-se que a terminologia “integral” associada ao pão integral comercializado em Belém seja capaz de induzir o consumidor ao engano, indicando que o produto pode não ser, nutricionalmente, a melhor opção.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.31873
IMAGEM CORPORAL E AMBIENTE FAMILIAR EM ESTUDANTES DA SAÚDE: UMA COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE BRASIL E ESPANHA
Authors: Parente Nara De Andrade , Sampaio Helena Alves de Carvalho , Pinto Junior Elzo Pereira , Jiménez-Rodríguez Diana
Published: January 2019

Introdução: A imagem corporal é um importante componente da identidade pessoal. É a forma pela qual o corpo se apresenta para si próprio. Quando se apresenta para o indivíduo de forma ruim, torna-se um fator desencadeante para transtornos alimentares. Alguns grupos sofrem grande pressão social sobre sua imagem física, porque sua atuação está relacionada ao controle de peso ou imagem corporal. Estes são propícios a apresentarem insatisfação corporal e, assim, desenvolver transtornos alimentares. Estudantes da área de saúde configuram um dos grupos de risco. Objetivo: Avaliar a imagem corporal e sua correlação com o ambiente familiar deste público, considerando dois países, Brasil e Espanha. Metodologia: Trata-se de estudo analítico, com abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de um instrumento dividido em duas partes: dados de identificação, aspectos ligados à imagem corporal (Questionário de Imagem Corporal) e ambiente familiar (Escala de Ambiente Familiar). Resultado: A insatisfação com a imagem corporal atingiu 43,2% dos estudantes brasileiros e 47,0% dos espanhóis (p = 0,801), além da relação com diferentes fatores da escala de ambiente familiar. Conclusão: O estudo evidenciou a necessidade de se incluir avaliação de imagem corporal nas ações de promoção da saúde em grupos vulneráveis a distorções de imagem corporal.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.33189
ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE INGREDIENTES, COMPOSIÇÃO NUTRICIONAL E PREÇOS DE IOGURTES GREGOS E CONVENCIONAIS COMERCIALIZADOS EM UM SUPERMERCADO DE REDE NACIONAL DO BRASIL
Authors: Benatti Valéria Marques , Ramalho Dhara Bianca Furlanetto , Moreira Caroline Camila
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: Comparar as listas de ingredientes, a composição nutricional e os preços de iogurtes industrializados gregos e convencionais. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em Dourados-MS, por meio do censo (fevereiro/2016) de iogurtes disponíveis em estabelecimento pertencente à maior rede de supermercados do Brasil. Foram coletados dados da lista de ingredientes, tabela de informação nutricional e preço. A comparação foi realizada por meio do teste tStudent, Mann-Whitney ou Qui-Quadrado, com valores expressos em média e desvio-padrão, mediana e intervalo interquantil ou prevalência e intervalo de confiança de 95%, sendo considerado p<0,05 como diferença estatisticamente significante. Resultados: Foram analisados 117 iogurtes, sendo 29,9% (n=35) gregos, os quais apresentaram maiores quantidades de ingredientes, açúcares e aditivos (p<0,05). Embora os iogurtes gregos possuam maior teor proteico e de cálcio (p<0,01), também possuem teores mais elevados de calorias, carboidratos, gorduras totais e saturadas e sódio (p<0,01). O preço dos iogurtes gregos chega ao dobro dos demais (p<0,01). Conclusão: O emprego de ingredientes que simulam artificialmente características sensoriais e nutricionais desejáveis, como maior viscosidade e teor proteico, também confere aos iogurtes gregos comercializados no Brasil maior teor calórico, teores de carboidratos, gorduras totais e saturadas e sódio, quando comparados aos convencionais. O maior preço desse produto não corresponde a um melhor valor nutricional.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.33675
CONSUMO DE SÓDIO EM INDIVÍDUOS COM SÍNDROME METABÓLICA: UM ESTUDO BASEADO NO TEOR DE SÓDIO DA DIETA E ALIMENTOS-FONTE
Authors: De Carvalho Giovanna Melo , Soares Jainara Da Silva , Freitas Erika Paula Silva , Lima Josivan Gomes , Lima Severina Carla Vieira Cunha , Sena Evangelista Karine Cavalcanti Maurício
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar a ingestão energética e identificar o consumo de sódio e suas principais fontes em indivíduos com síndrome metabólica. Metodologia: Estudo tipo transversal realizado com 88 indivíduos com diagnóstico de síndrome metabólica, de ambos os sexos, adultos e idosos atendidos no Ambulatório de Endocrinologia do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Natal, RN. O consumo de energia, sódio e respectivos alimentos-fonte foram avaliados por meio de dois recordatórios de 24 horas, cuja análise foi realizada no Virtual Nutri Plus®. Resultados e discussão: A população estudada era predominantemente feminina (72,7%), com média de idade de 49,0 (11,3) anos. As comorbidades mais frequentes foram dislipidemia (92,0%) e hipertensão arterial (76,1%). Observou-se ingestão energética média de 1.664,4 (630,8) kcal/d e consumo médio de sódio de 2.792,8 (866,2) mg/d, registrando-se 82,2% dos indivíduos com ingestão acima do recomendado. Diferenças estatísticas significativas foram encontradas para ingestão energética entre os sexos (p<0,001), mas não para consumo de sódio (p=0,107). A utilização do sal de adição foi bastante expressiva na análise do consumo alimentar dessa população (310 repetições, correspondendo a uma média de 635,5mg de sódio). Alimentos industrializados foram os que apresentaram maior quantidade de sódio entre os alimentos consumidos, apesar de registrarmos poucos indivíduos fazendo uso desses produtos. Conclusão: A ingestão inadequada de sódio foi registrada em um percentual expressivo da população, podendo ter impacto negativo na saúde desses indivíduos, especialmente aqueles que convivem com hipertensão, evidenciando a necessidade de uma ação de educação nutricional mais ampla direcionada especificamente para essa população.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.33749
PROGRAMA BANCO DE ALIMENTOS DO SERVIÇO SOCIAL DO COMÉRCIO EM PERNAMBUCO: UMA ABORDAGEM SISTÊMICA
Authors: De Lima Guedes Maria Josiane , Vital Tales Wanderley , Menelau Almir Silveira , Da Costa José Marcione
Published: January 2019

O Banco de Alimentos do Serviço Social do Comércio (SESC) de Pernambuco tem como objetivo reduzir o desperdício de alimentos, por meio da promoção e difusão de práticas sustentáveis e da ação social; reduzir o número de pessoas que se encontram em situação de Insegurança Alimentar; capacitar entidades beneficiárias no que concerne a manipulação e aproveitamento total dos alimentos e a promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis. Os alimentos doados pelas empresas não têm valor comercial, mas mantêm inalteradas suas propriedades nutricionais. No Brasil, o SESC criou o Programa Banco de Alimentos, pautado na filantropia e na ação social, visando a ampliação e consolidação de uma rede de solidariedade formada por entidades públicas, voluntariado, iniciativa privada e instituições sociais como igrejas, abrigos, asilos e orfanatos. O propósito deste trabalho é analisar as inter-relações na cooperação e funcionamento do programa, tendo como fundamento a Teoria dos Sistemas. Os resultados indicaram que o programa mantém uma rede de solidariedade e parcerias na esfera pública e privada, que corrobora a manutenção das ações sociais e das práticas que garantem sua sustentabilidade.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.36696
ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS DRIVING PHOSPHORUS CONTENTS IN SALTO GRANDE RESERVOIR SEDIMENTS, SÃO PAULO STATE (SE BRAZIL) / INFLUÊNCIA ANTROPOGÊNICA NAS CONCENTRAÇÕES DE FÓSFORO DOS SEDIMENTOS DO RESERVATÓRIO DE SALTO GRANDE, ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO (SE BRASIL)
Authors: Misailidis Maria Laura , Machado Wilson , Segovia Alexander Perez , Strikis Nicolás Misailidis , Strikis Pedro Carlos , Pregnolato Leonardo Antonio , Duleba Wânia
Published: January 2019

Phosphorus is an essential element for life and, when scarce, this macronutrient is a limiting factor for primary production. Phosphorus (P) is a widely used element in the composition of fertilizers, besides being present in large quantities in domestic effluents. Its accumulation in the springs is related to the proliferation of algae and cyanobacteria. In excess, P is a pollutant that contributes greatly to the eutrophication, development of reduced conditions and deterioration of water bodies. In order to understand how the anthropogenic action affected the accumulation of P in the freshwater reservoir of Salto Grande, Americana City (São Paulo State, Brazil), the evaluation of a temporal sedimentary record was carried out. For this purpose, a sediment core collected in the reservoir of Salto Grande was studied. The sediment core recorded the reservoir history since its filling in 1950. The comparison of P concentrations along the core with the population growth curve indicates that the population growth in the surrounding region has had a direct impact on the accumulation of P in the freshwater reservoir of Salto Grande. The eutrophication history of this major continental ecosystem of São Paulo State, was reflected by this sewage-derived from loading of P. ResumoO fósforo é um elemento essencial para a vida e, quando escasso, esse macronutriente é um fator limitante para a produção primária. O fósforo (P) é um elemento amplamente utilizado na composição de fertilizantes, além de estar presente em grande quantidade nos efluentes domésticos. A sua acumulação nas nascentes está relacionada à proliferação de algas e cianobactérias. Em excesso, o P é um poluente que contribui grandemente para a eutrofização, desenvolvimento de condições redutoras e deterioração dos corpos d'água. Para entender como a ação antropogênica afetou o acúmulo de P no reservatório de água doce de Salto Grande, na cidade de Americana, Estado de São Paulo (SE Brasil) foi realizada a avaliação de um registro temporal sedimentar. Para tanto, foi estudado um testemunho de sedimentos de 2,37m coletado no reservatório de Salto Grande. O testemunho registrou a história do reservatório desde seu preenchimento, em 1950. A comparação das concentrações de P ao longo do testemunho com a curva de crescimento populacional e de pluviosidade indica que estas variáveis tiveram um impacto direto no acúmulo de P no reservatório de água doce de Salto Grande.