bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KADAR LOGAM Hg PADA SAMPEL PERNA VIRIDIS L DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER
Authors: Hasmizal Heri , Bhernama Bhayu Gita
Published: March 2021

Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian kadar logam Hg pada kerang hijau (Perna viridis L). Analisis kadar logam merkuri (Hg) pada kerang hijau (Perna viridis L) dilakukan dengan proses destruksi menggunakan asam nitrat (HNO3) dan asam sulfat (H2SO4) selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Kadar logam berat merkuri (Hg) pada kerang hijau (Perna viridis L) dengan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) metode VGA di peroleh sebesar 0,0098 ppb ini menandakan bahwa kadar logam berat merkuri (Hg) pada kerang hijau (Perna viridis L) pasar Krueng Cut, Kec. Syiah Kuala, Kota Banda Aceh tidak melebihi batas maksimum cemaran logam berat yang telah ditentukan oleh SNI.
A Rare Cause of Hydroenphrosis: Case Presentation of an Intrathoracic Herniated Ureter
Authors: Alkhafaji Ibrahim , Abusada Ehab , Jones Adam , Ahmed Mooyad , Jabbar Talal , Al-Mula Abed Omar
Published: March 2021

Background

Thoracic ureteric herniation is an uncommon finding with a varying presentation. Since its first documentation in 1958, few case reports have been published, and there is no consensus on its management. This condition is typically asymptomatic, with most cases identified incidentally from cross-sectional imaging or discovered intra-operatively.

As a result of differing presentations and a lack of consensus or evidence of best practice, this rare finding’s management is not defined. This can range from adopting a conservative approach to more invasive measures such as ureteric stenting or pyeloplasty to repair the thoracic hernia.

The authors present a case of thoracic ureteric herniation in a 74-year-old male presenting with rightsided abdominal pain. This patient was known to have a diaphragmatic hernia following pulmonary fibrosis investigations and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). At presentation, there was acute kidney injury (AKI), and subsequent computed topography (CT) demonstrated right-sided hydronephrosis and perinephric fat stranding. This was caused by ureteric obstruction with a transition point at the site of thoracic herniation. The patient was successfully managed with retrograde ureteric stent insertion.

This case report aims to highlight variance in the presentation of ureteric thoracic herniation and discuss management options. There is no consensus on management for this condition and choices dependant on specific symptoms and patient factors to the best of our knowledge.
Longitudinal ecological zonation in four Algerian streams
Authors:   ESSAIA, Avenue Ahmed Hamidouche, Beaulieu, ElHarrach 16200, Algeria, Zouakh Djamel Eddine ,   Aquaculture & Pathology Research Laboratory, Annaba University, 23000, Algeria, Meddour Abderrafik ,   Aquaculture & Pathology Research Laboratory, Annaba University, 23000, Algeria
Published: March 2021

This hydro-biological survey on benthic invertebrates was carried out in the most important hydrographic network of the Mitidja plain,Oued El Harrachbasin, Algeria. Results revealedecological zonation taking into account the taxonomic richness and the relative abundance of different zoological groups, and allowed distinguishing abundant, ubiquitous and permanent taxa as well as the existence of a spatiotemporal faunistic gradient. These preliminary results allowed highlightingtaxonomically the “upstream invertebrate fauna”, the “ubiquitous invertebrate fauna” and the “downstream invertebrate fauna”. Consequently, it appearedthat Plecoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera are characteristic to the upstream area during the whole year in most of the sampling sites, whereas Diptera, Oligochaeta and Hydracarina are more abundant in the downstream area but in less density in the middle stream. On the other hand, the longitudinal evolution approach was considered in order to evaluate the inter-site distribution. According to the trophic levels, the classification between the various communities was investigated taking into account the concepts of the "Food Functional Group" and "The River Continuum Concept".
Growth dynamics and productivity of eggplants under different production methods
Authors:   Faculty of Agriculture and VeterinarySciences, Lebanese University,Beirut, Lebanon., Husseiki Marwan , Malaeb May ,   Faculty of Agriculture and VeterinarySciences, Lebanese University,Beirut, Lebanon.
Published: March 2021

n this study, secondary effluent was used to irrigate fourexperimental plots of Baby eggplants (Solanum melongena L.). Wastewater quality analysisindicatedthat few parameters donotmeet the Lebanese water standards for crop irrigation and reuse.Results demonstrated that aboveground biomass increased by 16% for plants irrigated with treated wastewater,whereas aboveground biomass and fruit weight increasedwhen treated wastewater and mulchwere used. Further studies, such as chemical and microbial analysis, to evaluate the danger and risks on human health of using treated wastewater to irrigate eggplants were initiated.
Evaluation of the larvicidaleffectof the essential oils extracted from five aromatic plants of Algeria: test on the miteTineola bisselliella (Lepidoptera:Tineidae)
Authors:   Laboratoire de valorisation des actions de l’homme pour la protection de l’environnement et application en santé publique. Département d’écologie et environnement, Faculté SNVTU, Université Abou Bekr Belkaid -Rocade 2 B.P 119 Tlemcen, Algérie., Bouchikhi-Tani Zoheir , Khelil Mohamed ,   Laboratoire de valorisation des actions de l’homme pour la protection de l’environnement et application en santé publique. Département d’écologie et environnement, Faculté SNVTU, Université Abou Bekr Belkaid -Rocade 2 B.P 119 Tlemcen, Algérie., Bendahou Mourad ,   Laboratoire de biochimie appliquée, Faculté SNVTU, Université Abou Bekr Belkaid -Rocade 2 B.P 119 Tlemcen, Algérie.
Published: March 2021

The essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from fivearomatic plants from Algerian West –Ammoїdes verticillata (Apiacae), Origanum glandulosum (Lamiacae), Thymus capitatus (Lamiacae), Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiacae), Artemisia herba-alba (Asteracae), were tested with various amounts on the larvaeof Tineola bisselliella, under the conditions of laboratory (Temperature of 26°C and with a relative humidity of 75 %). These oilscaused a significant larvicidalactivity. The essential oils extracted from Artemisia herba-alba, Rosmarinus officinalis, Origanum glandulosum are most toxic with LD50of 5,92μL/50,24cm², 6,66μL/50,24cm², and 7,16μL/50,24cm² respectively, Ammoїdes verticillata present alittle variable toxicity with LD50= 7,95μL/50,24cm², whereas the essential oil of Thymus capitatus is the least toxic on the larves of T. bisselliella with one LD50de 9,81μL/50,24cm².The analysis of the chemical composition shows the richness of five essential oils in compounds known for their insecticidal properties like α-pinène, β-pinène, p-cymène, carvacrol, camphre, γ-terpinène, and1,8-cineole, what explains the results obtained.
Findings of Patterns in Pre-historic Architecture- Case Study of the Pyramid of Cheops
Authors:   London South Bank University, School of the Built Environment and ArchitectureLondon, United Kingdom, Ghoussayni Fouad , Ali Amer ,   London South BankUniversity, School of the Built Environment and ArchitectureLondon, United Kingdom, Bayyati Ali ,   London South Bank University, School of the Built Environment and ArchitectureLondon, United Kingdom
Published: March 2021

There has been an increasing need to explain the geometric representation of the Pyramid of Cheops in Egypt. Some divergent approaches have been attempted, which need further exploration.The aim of this research paper is to unfold the mysteries behind one of the most notable notions of our universe, as it lies hidden in the dark configuration of space, the void.The space which incubates patterns depictedin the form of a pyramidcan also nurse buriedvoid.The approach used in this investigation is based on mathematical illustrations, which led to conclude that void versus matter is a constant strain for balance, and has been ever since the first formation of the apex of a pyramid.The main findings of this paper are that the manifest states, as shown in the schematic diagrams depicting the shapeof the pyramid of Cheops, are in the form of balance between void and matter.The key conclusion is that there is a link between the graphical representation of the distributed building blocks in any horizontal layer of the pyramid of Cheops, and the general depiction of its form and angle derived from a geometric balance in the arrangement of its building blocks.
A Preliminary Exploratory Study on the Implications of Specialization of Labor at the Workplace: The Case of Production Managers in Lebanon, their attitude towards Specialization of Labor and the Consequences of the Implementation of Specialization at the Workplace
Authors:   American University of Culture & Education,Beirut, Lebanon., Karam Rania , Abou Haidar Mohamad ,   Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon, Khawaja Abbas ,   Al Jinan University, Beirut, Lebanon, Allaziki Ghida ,   Arts, Sciences and Technology University in Lebanon. Kaslik, Lebanon
Published: March 2021

“Specialization is for insects,diversification is for humans”.Horizontal division of labor is based on specialization of work. The basic assumption underlying horizontal division of labor is that by making each worker’s task specialized, more work can be produced with the same effort through increased efficiency and quality.However, no known studies in Lebanon were conducted to investigatethe implications of specialization of labor at the workplace.This survey studied the attitude of the production managers in Lebanon towards the specialization of labor, in general, and the consequences of the implementation of specialization at the workplace, in particular. An exploratory survey was conducted using a 17–item questionnairewith 20production managers.It was concludedthat the attitude of the production managers in Lebanon toward the specialization of labor, in general, and the consequences of the implementation of specialization at the workplace, in particular, cannot be considered completely positive; specialization offers advantages and disadvantages for both the management and the labor. Moreover, production managers are hesitant to implement specialization concept in an unpredictable environment like Lebanon; they recommend a flexible specialization.
Application of Microfluidic Technology in Field of Antibody Preparation
Authors: Sun Heng , Hu Ning , wang jianhua
Published: March 2021

Microfluidic technology is a science and technology that can accurately
manipulate fluids in micro-sized channels. In recent years, microfluidic
devices have attracted wide attention due to its easy manipulation,
miniaturized size, high throughput and precise control, which provide a
potential platform for antibody screening. This review paper provides an
overview of recent advances in microfluidic methods application in the
field of antibody preparation. While hybridoma technology and four
antibody engineering techniques including phage display, single B cell
antibody screening, antibody expression and cell-free protein synthesis
are mainly introduced, important advances of experimental models and
results are also discussed. Furthermore, the authors expound on the
limitations of current microfluidic screening system and present future
directions of antibody screening platform based on microfluidics.
Antibody preparation on microfluidics combined with other technologies
has huge application potential in the field of biomedicine, and it is
anticipated to be further developed.
Rosai-Dorfman Disease: A Case Report of Asymptomatic Isolated Renal Involvement
Authors: Abrishami Alireza , Ziaeefar Pardis , Ebrahimi Sara , Khalili Nastaran , Nouralizadeh Akbar , Farjad Reza
Published: March 2021

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare non-malignant histiocytosis
disorder, commonly manifesting with massive painless cervical
lymphadenopathy. Renal involvement develops in only four percent of
patients with RDD. Generally, RDD is self-limiting and has a good
prognosis; however, in patients with renal involvement, mortality rate
can be as high as 40%.
Use of Factors in Development Estimates: Improving the Cost Analyst Toolkit
Authors: Markman Matthew , Ritschel Jonathan , White Edward
Published: March 2021

Factor Estimating is a technique commonly used by defense acquisition analysts to develop cost estimations. However, previous studies developing factors for the Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) phase of the life cycle are limited. This research expands the current toolkit for cost analysts by developing cost factors in previously unexplored areas. More specifically, over 400 cost reports are utilized to create new standard cost factors that are delineated by five categories: commodity type, contract type, contractor type, development type, and Service. The factors are developed for those elements that are common in a wide array of projects such as program management, systems engineering, data, or training. This new factor dataset provides cost analysts with the information necessary to appropriately identify and select the most relevant factors to use when developing future cost estimates. Through statistical analysis, the research also helps identify those elements in which more analysts’ time and energy should be allocated when developing their estimates.
Ribbon entwining datum
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Wang Wei , Zhao Xiaofan , Wang Shengxiang
Published: March 2021

Let (C,A,?) be an entwining structure over a field k. In this paper, we
introduce the notion of the ribbon entwined datum to generalize the
definition of (co)ribbon structures, and give several necessary and sufficient
conditions for the category of entwined modules to be a ribbon category. We
also discuss the ribbon structures in the Long dimodule category and
Yetter-Drinfel?d category for applications.
Sharp Z-eigenvalue inclusion set-based method for testing the positive definiteness of multivariate homogeneous forms
Authors: Wang Gang , Sun Linxuan , Wang Yiju
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we establish a sharp Z-eigenvalue inclusion set for even-order
real tensors by Z-identity tensor and prove that new Z-eigenvalue inclusion
set is sharper than existing results. We propose some sufficient conditions
for testing the positive definiteness of multivariate homogeneous forms via
new Z-eigenvalue inclusion set. Further, we establish upper bounds on the
Z-spectral radius of weakly symmetric nonnegative tensors and estimate the
convergence rate of the greedy rank-one algorithms. The given numerical
experiments show the validity of our results.
On automorphisms of graded quasi-lie algebras
Authors: Lee Dae-Woong , Lee Sunyoung , Kim Yeonjeong , Lim Jeong-Eun
Published: March 2021

Let Z be the ring of integers and let K(Z,2n) denote the Eilenberg-MacLane
space of type (Z,2n) for n ? 1. In this article, we prove that the graded
group Am := Aut(??2mn+1(?K(Z,2n))=torsions) of automorphisms of the graded
quasi-Lie algebras ?? 2mn+1(?K(Z,2n)) modulo torsions that preserve the
Whitehead products is a finite group for m ? 2 and an infinite group for m ?
3, and that the group Aut(?*(K(Z,2n))=torsions) is non-abelian. We extend
and apply those results to techniques in localization (or rationalization)
theory.
Luxação completa do astrágalo associada a fratura do maléolo peronial no jovem desportista
Authors:   Serviço de em Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa. Penafiel, Costa Tiago , Miradouro José , Dores Carvalho João , Ferreira Nuno , Mendes Jorge ,   Serviço de em Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa. Penafiel
Published: March 2021

Complete closed talus dislocation is a rare and serious injury, with a bad prognosis due to the risk of avascular necrosis. This article describes the clinical case of a young soccer player, who during sports competition suffered an injury in his right ankle, after bad positioning of his foot on the ground. On examination, an irreducible deformity in supination of the foot was evident, and the X-ray and the CT-scan showed a complete anterolateral talus dislocation associated with a peroneal malleolus fracture. An emergent open reduction was performed with osteosynthesis of the peroneal malleolus fracture. The teenager had a satisfactory functional recovery, with no evidence of progression to avascular necrosis, having resumed his sports practice after 6 months of follow-up.
Reportagem / conferência - Microbiota intestinal
Authors:   Revista de Medicina Desportiva Informa, Ribeiro Basil , Calhau Conceição ,   NOVA Medical School, Lisboa
Published: March 2021

... Na função metabólica referiu a produção de ácidos gordos de cadeia curta a partir dos alimentos ingeridos, fibras alimentares, muito importantes para a prevenção do cancro do cólon, produção de ácidos biliares secundários e de vitaminas, ... O intestino tem ação importante na ativação de isoflavonas com atividade estrogénica, mas quem verdadeiramente tem esta ação. um dos subprodutos, o equol, cuja formação depende de atividade de bactérias, ...
Osteoartrose do joelho e corrida recreativa: uma revisão baseada na evidência
Authors:   USF Nova Mateus, Vila Real, Apolinário Pedro , Cabral Filipe ,   USF Marco, Marco de Canaveses, Vieira Claúdia ,   USF Corgo, Vila Real, Ribeiro Jaime ,   USF Corgo, Vila Real
Published: March 2021

Osteoarthritis is a major cause of joint pain and disability, with the knee joint being the most commonly affected. The aim of this study is to investigate the evidence about the possible association between recreational running and the development of this pathology which is still controversial and sparse. Of the 409 articles in the initial research, four were included in this review. It was concluded that recreational running does not predispose to the development of clinical or radiographic knee osteoarthrosis, on the contrary, it seems to have a protective effect.
ANALISIS KEPUASAN KONSUMEN TENTANG PELAYANAN PADA DEALER SUZUKI PT. DAS CABANG PANGKALAN BUN
Authors: Alexandro Rinto , Uda Tonich
Published: March 2021

Setiap perusahaan harus memiliki strategi pemasaran yang dapat menarik minat konsumen salah satunya dengan jasa pelayanan yang diberikan. Pelayanan jasa yang diberikan harus sesuai dengan keinginan konsumen bahkan melebihi harapan konsumen agar tujuan yang diinginkan oleh perusahaan dapat dicapai. Selanjutnya jika terpenuhi harapan konsumen maka akan munculah kepuasan yang dirasakan konsumen. Hal ini akan meningkatkan kepercayaan dan konsumen akan kembali lagi untuk menggunakan jasa pelayanan perusahaan tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Adapun yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pelanggan yang menggunakan jasa Dealer Suzuki PT. DAS Cabang Pangkalan Bun selama 1 bulan dan yang menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil 50 orang responden/konsumen Dealer Suzuki PT. DAS Cabang Pangkalan Bun. Data ini dikumpulkan melalui observasi, dukumentasi dan angket, serta dianalisis dengan menggunakan rumus persentase. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data menggunakan rumus persentase maka diketahui nilai indikator Keandalan (Reliability) sebesar 87%, Daya Tanggap (Responsiviness) sebesar 64%, Jaminan (Assurance) sebesar 61%, Empati (Empathy) sebesar 78% dan Berwujud (Tangible) sebesar 76%. Nilai tertinggi pada semua indikator dari kolom Puas. Dari hasil data ini artinya Konsumen merasa puas terhadap pelayanan pada Dealer Suzuki PT. DAS Cabang Pangkalan Bun.
OBTENÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE COMPÓSITOS POLIMÉRICOS BIODEGRADÁVEIS PRODUZIDOS COM RESÍDUOS AGROENERGÉTICOS (BAGAÇO DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR, AMIDO DE MILHO E GLICEROL)
Authors: Barros Nunes Roberta Samara , Albuquerque do Nascimento Alexandre , Valdés Serra Juan Carlos
Published: March 2021

O desenvolvimento de novas metodologias para a produção de biopolímeros biodegradáveis por meio de recursos renováveis tem se apresentado como alternativa para a redução de impacto ambiental provocado pelos polímeros derivados de petróleo. O amido, fibra lignocelulósica e plastificante estão conquistando, cada vez mais espaço nesse segmento. O amido, além de ser barato é abundante na natureza, já se destaca na produção de biopolímeros, necessitando de tratamento especial, como a adição de fibra, plastificante, para produzir um produto mais resistente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir e caracterizar um material compósito biodegradável fabricado a partir de resíduos agroenergéticos (bagaço da cana-de-açúcar, amido de milho e glicerol). O procedimento baseou-se na técnica de casting, utilizada em materiais poliméricos que permitem ser derramados por baixa viscosidade, obtendo uma forma desejada através da confecção de um molde. Foi produzida a matriz de amido com bons resultados nos ensaios mecânicos e posteriormente, produzidos os compósitos poliméricos com a aderência da fibra de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. Os compósitos poliméricos apresentaram altos valores de resistência à tração, e módulo Young, e valores baixos de alongamento na ruptura. Os ensaios de infravermelho mostram bandas semelhantes entre os compósitos, apresentaram também, baixa densidade e solubilidade em água, e alta degradabilidade em solos com alto teor de umidade. Os ensaios de microscopia eletrônica por varredura mostraram grânulos de amido intactos, acarretando a uma redução da força de resistência e alongamento.
Diagnosis of Short-circuits in Induction Motor Stator Winding Using a Modified Park Transformation
Authors: Tarchała Grzegorz , Wolkiewicz Marcin , Krzysztofiak Mateusz
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with a novel diagnostic method for finding the stator winding short-circuit damage of induction motor drives. The proposed method is based on a new, simple idea of applying a modified, triple Park transform instead of using a computationally demanding on-line Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis. The diagnostic method is based on the analysis of current and reference voltage vector components, which are the part of the Direct Field Oriented Control structure. The proposed method is verified experimentally using tests results. Further, the influence of speed, load torque and the parameters of PI regulators on the performance of the proposed diagnostic method are also discussed.
A framework for strategic management accounting in a commercial bank
Authors: TISHCHENKO Anastasiya G.
Published: March 2021

Subject. The article addresses the methodological basis for strategic management accounting in commercial banks. It considers its difference from other forms of accounting.
Objectives. The purpose is to review and systematize methodological approaches to the definition of strategic management accounting and define specific methodological aspects of using it in commercial banks.
Methods. The study rests on the method of comparative analysis.
Results. The paper covers two main approaches to the definition of strategic management accounting. The first approach is based on the consideration of strategic management accounting from the perspective of strategic management, the second one proceeds from the premise that strategic management accounting is an updated version of management accounting. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the opinions of various researchers on the definition of the strategic management accounting category and the relevance of implementation of management accounting in a commercial bank.
Conclusions. Strategic management accounting is one of the most promising and developing area of management accounting that helps businesses to succeed. The findings may be useful for scholars and practitioners, wishing to better understand the theory of strategic management accounting.
KORELASI ANTARA KEBIASAAN MEMBACA DENGAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN SISWA KELAS XI IPA SMAN 1 AMBUNTEN
Authors: Sauturrasik Sauturrasik
Published: March 2021

Sebagian besar soal-soal Ujian Akhir Sekolah menuntut pemahaman siswa dalam mencari dan menentukan pikiran pokok, kalimat utama, membaca grafik, alur/plot, amanat, setting, dan sebagainya. Tanpa kemampuan membaca pemahaman yang tinggi, mustahil siswa dapat menjawab soal-soal tersebut. Di sinilah peran penting membaca pemahaman untuk menentukan jawaban yang benar. Belum lagi dengan adanya standar nilai kelulusan, hal ini memicu guru bahasa Indonesia khususnya untuk dapat mencapai target nilai tersebut. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah Adakah korelasi antara kebiasaan membaca dengan kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa kelas XI IPA SMAN 1 Ambunten ? Sedangkan tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar korelasi antara kebiasaan membaca dengan kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa kelas XI IPA SMAN 1 Ambunten.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Analisis Korelasional. Populasi siswa kelas XI IPA SMAN 1 Ambunten tahun ajaran 2014-2015 terdiri dari tiga kelas, dengan jumlah siswa 102 orang. Adapun sampel yang akan diteliti sejumlah 50 orang, Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik random sampling (acak). Random ini dilakukan dengan cara pengundian.Berdasarkan Hasil penelitian statistik menunjukkan bahwa nilai r hitung adalah 0,754 sedangkan r tabel adalah 0,279 dengan batas signifikasi 5%. Artinya bahwa nilai r hitung lebih besar daripada nilai r tabel, yakni 0,754> 0,279.Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan berdasarkan hipotesis yang diajukan bahwa H0 ditolak pada taraf signifikasi 5%. Sedangkan hipotesis alternatif (H1) diterima, yang berarti terdapat korelasi yang positif antara kebiasaan membaca dengan kemampuan membaca pemahaman. Kriteria tingkat korelasi di atas, di mana nilai r hitung adalah 0,754 berarti berada pada rentang nilai di antara 0,600 sampai dengan 0,800, maka dapat dikatakan bahwa nilai-nilai kebiasaan membaca dengan kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa kelas XI IPA SMAN 1 Ambunten mempunyai tingkat korelasi cukup.
Evaluation of injury-related under-five mortality in Turkey between 2014-2017
Authors: Çaylan Nilgün , Yalçın Sıddıka Songül , Tezel Başak , Aydın Şirin , Özen Önder , Şengelen Meltem , Çakır Banu
Published: March 2021

Background. Injury is the most common cause of preventable morbidity and mortality among children. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics and trends of injury-related mortality in children under five and to provide evidence for future preventive strategies.
Methods. Our study was designed as a descriptive cross-sectional study. National under-five mortality data from the Death Notification System database, entered between January 1st, 2014, and December 31th, 2017, was included in the study.
Results. Among all under-five deaths registered in the system, 2,560 injury-related death cases were included in the study. Overall, deaths related to injuries accounted for 4.1% of all deaths in children under five years old. Of all injury deaths, 59.9% of cases were male, 52.7% occurred at home or its close vicinity, and 80.3% were children aged 12-59 months. Injury-related under-five deaths were mainly attributed to traffic injuries (36.5%), falls (12.0%), and suffocation (10.2%). Traffic injuries were the most common cause of injury-related deaths both in infants 0-11 months and children 12-59 months old. The second and third most common causes of injury-related deaths among infants 0-11 months were suffocation and falls, while these were falls and drowning in children aged 12-59 months, respectively. The injury-related under-five mortality rate dropped from 11.3 per hundred thousand in 2014 to 9.1 in 2017. Causes of all unintentional injury-related deaths were associated with season except for other unintentional injuries and exposure to mechanical forces (p < 0.001).
Conclusions. The injury-related mortality rate among children under five years declined from 2014 to 2017, however it is still high. To prevent injuries in children under five, it is important to raise awareness and increase the supervision of children by their caregivers. At the national level, multisectorial cooperation with a holistic approach will be of key importance.
Complicated pneumonia due to exogenous toxic substances in children
Authors: Ayaz Ercan , Ademhan Dilber , Yüksel Kübra , Yalçın Ebru , Oğuz Berna , Özçelik Uğur , Haliloğlu Mithat
Published: March 2021

Background. Toxic substances may be inhaled or aspirated not always by patients themselves but sometimes by healthcare providers unintentionally by nasogastric administrations or medications. Aspirated toxic particles may cause injury in the pulmonary epithelium at various levels of the respiratory tract, leading to a spectrum varying from simple symptoms to severe chronic disease. Imaging features of substances are different depending on their structure and are not well known. Moreover, on follow-up, radiologic findings are not well correlated with clinical findings which progress or recover more rapidly.
Case. In this case series, we report three different chemical pneumonitis due to aspiration of exogenous substances of paint thinner, activated charcoal and liquid paraffin. We present three cases with chest radiographs, distinctive computed tomography findings and follow-up images.
Conclusions. Aspiration of exogenous materials reveals typical imaging findings such as the metallic density of charcoals, fat attenuation of liquid paraffin and necrotic areas within consolidation in hydrocarbon poisoning. Recognition of imaging findings is very important for the diagnosis and characterization of toxic substances.
Brachial plexopathy as a consequence of nerve root swelling after shoulder trauma in a patient following an acute seizure
Authors: Milanovic Filip , Abramovic Dusan , Ducic Sinisa , Bukva Bojan , Dasic Ivana , Radovic Tijana , Petermann-Miskulin Aline Choueiri , Nikolic Dejan
Published: March 2021

Background. Epileptic seizures might be associated with an increased risk of fractures, either as a result of trauma after a fall or as a result of excessive muscle contraction. In the pediatric population, excessive muscle contraction is a more significant risk factor for fractures, due to the lack of maturity in the musculoskeletal system, while antiepileptic therapy itself can lead to a reduction of bone density. Proximal humeral fractures in the pediatric population are not frequent but both proximal humeral fractures and shoulder dislocation increase the chance of brachial plexus injuries and peripheral nerve lesions.
Case. In this case report, we present a patient who suffered both avulsive greater tuberosity humeral fracture and anterior shoulder dislocation, initially diagnosed by radiography, with consequent brachial plexus injury of the left arm after an epileptic seizure followed by excessive muscle contraction. Electromyoneurography initially showed amplitudes` reduction in tested nerves along with signs of muscle denervation as well as clinical examination signs of the left arm muscular hypotrophy and hypoesthesia, especially in the left humero-scapular region. Electrotherapy and kinesitherapy as well as intramuscular dexamethasone injections administered three weeks after the injury finally improved the clinical examination findings in the patient.
Conclusion. The early detection of swelling compression, accompanied with appropriate therapy may prevent the progression of axonal damage and preserve the functional status of the affected limb.
A Programmatic Proposal for the Study of Biblical Hebrew as a Language
Authors: Miller-Naudé Cynthia L. , Naudé Jacobus A.
Published: March 2021

The way in which the academic study of Biblical Hebrew as a language should be conducted is contested. In light of the current debate and the engagement in this question of some of the articles in this issue (viz. Naudé & Miller-Naudé, Holmstedt, Robar, Hardy, Ehrensvärd, Rezetko, and Young, and Noonan), we provide in this article a summary of the status of the debate and a programmatic proposal for the academic study of Biblical Hebrew as a language to move the debate forward. We argue that considering the study of Biblical Hebrew as a language from the vantage point of Complexity Theory is a fruitful approach. Biblical Hebrew as a language can then be analysed as a complex phenomenon whose component systems display interconnectedness, dynamism and emergence.
The Energy Equation in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Kavaz İsmail
Published: March 2021

The energy resource potential and discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean have attracted the attention of the global energy markets for a long time. Since the beginning of the 2000s, exploration, and drilling activities have continued to increase in the region. The discovered hydrocarbon resources are only a small part of the estimated potential, consequently, the actors in the Eastern Mediterranean have been focusing on increasing this quantity. On the other hand, the ongoing discussions related to Exclusive Economic Zones have delayed the seismic surveys, drilling operations, and production activities in some specific areas of the region. Moreover, transferring the discovered resources from the Eastern Mediterranean to the international markets is another issue that has not yet been resolved. Therefore, this study evaluates the general situation in the Eastern Mediterranean in terms of the potential of energy resources, discoveries, and transfer projects. In this context, this paper examines the geo-economic competition over the energy resources in the region.
What Biden may bring to the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Al-Zawawy Muhammad Soliman
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to forecast the route that Joe Biden, will take in his foreign policy toward the Eastern Mediterranean, by trying to analyze the content of his speeches and rhetoric before and shortly after taking office. In this context, America’s relation to Turkey will be pivotal in order to gauge the impact of any change in U.S. course. After four years of Trump’s doctrine of ‘America First’ and his bilateral approach, there are many expectations that the newly elected president will follow a more multilateral approach and will put more importance on international organizations and alliances across the Atlantic. Those expectations are more like wishes, however, when it comes to the Eastern Mediterranean, which is on the verge of a critical standoff between Turkey and its neighbors. There are some speculations that Biden will take a more affirmative stance against Turkey. Indeed, Biden has stressed the value of cooperating with allies to achieve foreign policy objectives. But despite the harsh language, Biden used during his election campaign to describe Turkey’s leadership, it is still unclear whether Biden will place the U.S. on a collision course with Turkey.
Criteria for measures of quantum correlations
Authors: Brodutch Aharon , Modi Kavan
Published: March 2021

Entanglement does not describe all quantum correlations and several authors have shown the need to go beyond entanglement when dealing with mixed states. Various different measures have sprung up in the literature, for a variety of reasons, to describe bipartite and multipartite quantum correlations; some are known under the collective name {\it quantum discord}. Yet, in the same sprit as the criteria for entanglement measures, there is no general mechanism that determines whether a measure of quantum and classical correlations is a proper measure of correlations. This is partially due to the fact that the answer is a bit muddy. In this article we attempt tackle this muddy topic by writing down several criteria for a ``good" measure of correlations. We breakup our list into \emph{necessary}, \emph{reasonable}, and \emph{debatable} conditions. We then proceed to prove several of these conditions for generalized measures of quantum correlations. However, not all conditions are met by all measures; we show this via several examples. The reasonable conditions are related to continuity of correlations, which has not been previously discussed. Continuity is an important quality if one wants to probe quantum correlations in the laboratory. We show that most types of quantum discord are continuous but none are continuous with respect to the measurement basis used for optimization.
Quantum codes from codes over Gaussian integers with respect to the Mannheim metric
Authors: Ozen Mehmet , Guzeltepe Murat
Published: March 2021

In this paper, some nonbinary quantum codes using classical codes over Gaussian integers are obtained. Also, some of our quantum codes are better than or comparable with those known before, (for instance $[[8,2,5]]_{4+i}$).
Hermitian dual containing BCH codes and Construction of new quantum codes
Authors: Li Ruihu , Zou Fei , Liu Yang , Xu Zongben
Published: March 2021

Let $q\geq 3$ be a prime power. Maximal designed distances of primitive Hermitian dual containing $q^{2}$-ary BCH codes (narrow-sense or non-narrow-sense) are determined by a careful analysis of properties of cyclotomic cosets. Non-narrow-sense BCH codes which achieve these maximal designed distances are presented, and a sequence of nested non-narrow-sense BCH codes that contain these BCH codes with maximal designed distances are constructed and their parameters are computed. Consequently, new nonbinary quantum BCH codes are derived from these non-narrow-sense BCH codes. The nonbinary quantum BCH codes presented here have better parameters than those quantum BCH codes available in the literature.
Exponential quantum speed-ups are generic
Authors: Brandao Fernando G.S.L. , Horodecki Michal
Published: March 2021

A central problem in quantum computation is to understand which quantum circuits are useful for exponential speed-ups over classical computation. We address this question in the setting of query complexity and show that for almost any sufficiently long quantum circuit one can construct a black-box problem which is solved by the circuit with a constant number of quantum queries, but which requires exponentially many classical queries, even if the classical machine has the ability to postselect. We prove the result in two steps. In the first, we show that almost any element of an approximate unitary 3-design is useful to solve a certain black-box problem efficiently. The problem is based on a recent oracle construction of Aaronson and gives an exponential separation between quantum and classical post-selected bounded-error query complexities. In the second step, which may be of independent interest, we prove that linear-sized random quantum circuits give an approximate unitary 3-design. The key ingredient in the proof is a technique from quantum many-body theory to lower bound the spectral gap of local quantum Hamiltonians.
Obstructions to classically simulating the quantum adiabatic algorithm
Authors: Hastings Matthew B.
Published: March 2021

We consider the adiabatic quantum algorithm for systems with ``no sign problem", such as the transverse field Ising model, and analyze the equilibration time for quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) on these systems. We ask: if the spectral gap is only inverse polynomially small, will equilibration methods based on slowly changing the Hamiltonian parameters in the QMC simulation succeed in a polynomial time? We show that this is {\it not} true, by constructing counter-examples. In some examples, the space of configurations where the wavefunction has non-negligible amplitude has a nontrivial fundamental group, causing the space of trajectories in imaginary time to break into disconnected components with only negligible probability outside these components. For the simplest example we give with an abelian fundamental group, QMC does not equilibrate but still solves the optimization problem. More severe effects leading to failure to solve the optimization can occur when the fundamental group is a free group on two generators. Other examples where QMC fails have a {\it trivial} fundamental group, but still use ideas from topology relating group presentations to simplicial complexes. We define gadgets to realize these Hamiltonians as the effective low-energy dynamics of a transverse field Ising model. We present some analytic results on equilibration times which may be of some independent interest in the theory of equilibration of Markov chains. Conversely, we show that a small spectral gap implies slow equilibration at low temperature for some initial conditions and for a natural choice of local QMC updates.
Chakramarda Ghrita & Go-Ghrita in the management of Parikartika (fissure in ano): An Ayurvedic management protocol for the treatment of fissure
Authors: Alok Kumar Diwedi  , Kiran Khandare
Published: March 2021

Anal Fissure is one of the significant causes of pain in the anal region. The two primary signs of this disease are pain and bleeding, and pain is often unbearable. In males, anal fissure typically occurs in the midline posterior- 90 %, and 10 % midline anterior. Subsequently, female fissures on the midline anteriorly are significantly more frequent than posteriorly (60:40). In contemporary sciences, Parikartika can be correlated with Fissure in Ano. The objective of the prospective study is to find the effectiveness of Chakramarda Ghrita  & GoGhrita in the management of Parikartika. The present study is designed as a randomized, single-blind parallel in which 30 patients will be enrolled. Ghrita will be applied for local application twice a day. Assessment will be done 0th, 7th day, 14thday, and 28th day. The changes are expected to be observed in subjective parameters such as pain bleeding per rectum with itching as well as with objective parameters such as Parikartika Healing and tenderness. The study is expecting the non-surgical management of fissure in ano concerning the impact of Chakramarda Ghrita & GoGhrita.  The research is expecting to be baseline and benchmark of the prospective studies in Parikartika.
Special Health Insurance as an Inclusive Social Protection Program for People with Disabilities
Authors: Kafaa Kafa Abdallah
Published: March 2021

The article illustrated the intervention of government within poverty alleviation through inclusive social protection for People With Disabilities. By studying Special Health Insurance program in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, it assumes that the existence of the program has occurred from a rights-based perspective in inclusive health configuration. It is based on the case study approach that aimed to explain the Special Health Insurance program implementation to extend coverage to all People With Disabilities. The main result provided the Special Health Insurance-integrated scheme program can be more inclusively and accessible for People With Disabilities than former social protection programs in Indonesia. It has finally provided the best practice for the social protection program as a social policy tool focusing on disability.
The Local Wisdom of North Buton People in Flood Mitigation
Authors: Basri La Ode Ali
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to explain and to analyze the local wisdom of the North Buton people in flood disaster mitigation, namely worldview, traditional knowledge, norms, custom, and other traditions conducted by the people of North Buton in natural phenomena observation as the signs of floods, as well as efforts to reduce the risk of flooding by utilizing human resources and natural resources in the vicinity. The results showed that the people of North Buton have a set of local wisdom in flood mitigation which was inherited from their ancestors' legacy. It has been tested through empirical experience and also obtained the traditional legitimacy at North Buton people. That local wisdom included: (1) studying on the animal behavior namely the flock of Joremba (Dragonfly) which get into the residential area and the spooky sounds of Gara (Owl) birds at night, (2) construction of the houses on stilts or semi-permanent house behind the main house, (3) enacting the mamali (taboo) tradition in cutting down of the forests as a control mechanism in ecological balance creation to prevent erosion, (4) exploration of a new spring, (5) observation of the changes of the river volume and the discovery of the presence of the spring that appears suddenly in the rainy season.
Traffic loading – AASHTO, State Implementations and International Codes of Practice
Authors: Rhodes Steve , Donoghue Bryan , Icke Philip
Published: March 2021

Highway bridge design and rating requires the application of notional traffic load models, with the most onerous load patterns being determined using influence surfaces. Software speeds the process of obtaining critical traffic load patterns and effects. This paper compares the requirements of – and load effects arising from – AASHTO LRFD, various State Bridge Design Manual implementations, also touching on selected international Codes from Europe, Australia, Canada and China.
FE Modeling and Verification by Model Updating with 3D Shape Measurement and System Identification
Authors: Nishikawa Takafumi , Matsuda Hiroshi , Shimizu Makoto , Tashiro Daiki
Published: March 2021

This paper presents an approach to finite element modeling of a bridge by employing three‐dimensional shape measurement, stochastic system identification and model updating method. In the case of assessing performance of existing structures, model parameters need to be modified based on the actual behavior since the actual system often differs from the design due to some reasons. In this study, a FE model of an existing bridge is initially developed based on its three‐dimensional shape measured by laser scanning. The initial model parameters are automatically validated and modified by model updating. Model parameters such as sectional specifications of members, structural details, boundary condition and material properties are modified under optimization analysis by minimizing an objective function. The objective function is formulated as a combination of fitness on dynamic characteristics obtained by measurements and analysis. Estimations of dynamic characteristics generally fluctuate under the influence of the environment in service state. In this study, distribution of the series of estimated frequencies is assumed as a Kernel distribution and significant frequencies such as natural frequencies are classified based on the probability density of estimations. The method stably provides accurate characteristics of the bridge under several excitation states.
Crack widths in portal frame bridges subjected to restraint effects
Authors: Gottsäter Erik , Larsson Ivanov Oskar , Plos Mario
Published: March 2021

Restraint stresses appear in structural parts which are prevented from adjusting their shape when subjected to e.g. shrinkage or thermal actions. If the restrained stresses are large, cracking might occur, which can affect the durability of the structure. In the case of restraint effects, the reinforcement required in a bridge to limit the crack widths can be difficult to determine, as the magnitude of the restraint stresses depend on the stiffness of the structure. If cracking occurs, the stiffness is reduced and thereby also the stresses. For this reason, in structural parts affected by restraint effects, it can be hard to estimate both the number of cracks that will appear and the resulting restraint stress that governs the crack widths.

In this study, crack widths in a portal frame bridge subjected to thermal actions and shrinkage were investigated using non-linear FE analysis. A bond-slip relation was used for concrete-reinforcement interaction, as the resulting crack spacing was unknown. Corresponding analysis was performed using linear elastic material models and hand calculations of crack widths, for two different thermal load cases, and relations between the results from the different methods are presented. The result can lead to the development of a more accurate design model, which would lead to more efficient use of reinforcement.