bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Laser Shock Peening on Corrosion Resistance of Additive Manufactured AlSi10Mg
Authors: Maleki Erfan , Unal Okan , Shao Shuai , Shamsaei Nima
Published: May 2023

Mechanical properties of Al alloys make them an ideal candidate for different sections of marine, aerospace, automotive, etc. industries. Recently taking the advantages of additive manufacturing (AM), many complex infrastructures/components can be fabricated with very high design freedom via Al alloys. Although Al alloys have good natural corrosion resistance, however improving this property attracts lots of attention in the past few years. Post-processing methods can play a key role for addressing the issues related to internal and surface anomalies associated with as-built AM parts. Generally, these anomalies have detrimental effects on mechanical properties. In the present study, the effect of laser shock peening (LSP) treatment with different laser pulse overlaps and energies was investigated comprehensively on microstructure, surface texture, porosity, hardness, residual stresses as well as corrosion resistance of laser powder bed fused (L-PBF) AlSi10Mg samples. LSP provides strain deformation on the surface, and the deformation enhances by laser beam energy. LSP1 (laser energy of 1.5 J and 50% overlap) and LSP3 (laser energy of 4.5 J and 50% overlap) introduce maximum local strain of 7.5 and 10.7, respectively. The surface roughness of as-built state µm in terms of Rv was effectively diminished to 16.33 after LSP6 (laser energy of 4.5 J and 75% overlap). The results indicated that due to the modified surface texture, improved hardness and induced high compressive residual stresses in the surface layer. (surface hardness improvement and inducing high surface compressive residual stresses were obtained after LSP6 up to 26% and −289 MPa, respectively); the LSP treated samples exhibited higher corrosion resistance with the corrosion rate decreasing down to 50% as compared to the as-built state.
Microstructured All-Optical Switching Based on Two-Dimensional Material
Authors: Xu Jiao , Peng Yuxiang , Qian Shengyou , Jiang Leyong
Published: May 2023

Microstructured all-optical switching, possessing the unique function of light controlling light, is an important part of the on-chip ultra-fast optical connectivity network and integrated logic computing chip. Microstructured all-optical switching has attracted extensive research interest, the latest great developments of which have also yielded progress in nanophotonics, nonlinear optics, optical communications, and integrated optics, etc. The emergence of two-dimensional materials with good third-order optical nonlinearity provides an important driving force for the improvement of all-optical switches. This paper reviews the implementation principles, novel configurations, improved performance indexes, and research progress based on different two-dimensional materials for micro/nano all-optical switching. Not only is a systematic discussion of the current state provided, but also, a brief outlook is afforded on the remaining challenges in the pursuit of the application of practical on-chip microstructured all-optical switching that is based on two-dimensional materials.
Recent Advances in the Monitoring of Protein Crystallization Processes in Downstream Processing
Authors: Walla Brigitte , Bischoff Daniel , Corona Viramontes Iliana , Montes Figueredo Sergio , Weuster-Botz Dirk
Published: May 2023

Protein crystallization is nowadays performed at the micro to macro scale in academia and industry, being particularly interesting for pharmaceutical applications. Protein crystallization offers an attractive alternative to chromatography as a downstream processing step in the biotechnology industry, but also in the food and chemical industries. Monitoring of the protein crystallization process is required to understand the crystal growth mechanism and to obtain the information necessary for efficient process control, which needs to comply with the critical quality attributes of the product. Since a wide range of monitoring techniques have already been developed and established, this review focuses on the recent advances of selected techniques in monitoring protein crystallization processes such as the focused beam reflectance method (FBRM), and machine learning-based image analysis for solid-phase monitoring, as well as the spectroscopic methods for liquid-phase monitoring, such as attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and UV/Vis spectroscopy.
Computational Discovery of New Feasible Crystal Structures in Ce3O3N
Authors: Zagorac Jelena , Schön Johann Christian , Matović Branko , Pejić Milan , Prekajski Đorđević Marija , Zagorac Dejan
Published: May 2023

Oxynitrides of cerium are expected to have many useful properties but have not been synthesized so far. We identified possible modifications of a not-yet-synthesized Ce3O3N compound, combining global search (GS) and data mining (DM) methods. Employing empirical potentials, structure candidates were obtained via global optimization on the energy landscape of Ce3O3N for different pressure values. Furthermore, additional feasible structure candidates were found using data mining of the ICSD database. The most promising structure candidates obtained were locally optimized at the ab initio level, and their E(V) curves were computed. The structure lowest in total energy, Ce3O3N-DM1, was found via local optimization starting from a data mining candidate and should be thermodynamically metastable up to high pressures.
Phase-Field Crystal Studies on Grain Boundary Migration, Dislocation Behaviors, and Topological Transition under Tension of Square Polycrystals
Authors: Gao Nana , Zhao Yan , Xia Wenqiang , Liu Zhenzhi , Lu Xiaogang
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the tensile deformation behaviors of polycrystals after relaxation were studied using the phase-field-crystal (PFC) method. Here, the free energy density map characterized the 2D energy distribution of atomic configuration effectively. The application of the Read–Shockley equation distinguished high-energy grain boundary (HEGB) and low-energy grain boundary (LEGB) in large-angle grain boundary (LAGB), and they demonstrated different migration behaviors at the early and later stages. The behaviors of small-angle grain boundary (SAGB), including its migration and grains’ rotation, were also studied. Two different mechanisms of dislocation emission and absorption were explored, which demonstrates the possibility of dislocation elevating interfacial energy. The simulated results on the topological transition of grain boundaries prompted us to propose the thinking about the applications of the Neumann–Mullins law and Euler formula.
High-Temperature Oxidation Behaviors of 321 Steel with Y or Nb Micro-Alloying
Authors: Yang Ximing , Zeng Zhijie , Wang Xu , Li Xing , Guo Chengjun , Xiao Xiangpeng , Yang Bin
Published: May 2023

The effects of Y or Nb addition on the oxidation behavior of 321 steel at high temperatures were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). At the same time, the oxidation mechanism and oxidation kinetics of rare earth Y or Nb addition are explored. The results show that temperature greatly influences the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the alloys, and the oxidation phenomenon of the alloy becomes more obvious as the temperature increases. Adding 0.5 wt.% Nb or 0.045 wt.% Y elements can effectively improve the oxidation resistance of 321 stainless steel at high temperatures. The addition of rare earth Y can promote the diffusion of Cr in the matrix, leading to increased Cr content in the oxide film and the eventual formation of a dense Cr2O3 film, which effectively hinders the continuation of the oxidation reaction. As a result of the Nb addition, the outward diffusion of Cr elements can be effectively inhibited, Cr and O ion bond can be strengthened, the oxidation rate can be reduced, the adhesion rate of oxide film can be increased, and the oxidation resistance of 321 stainless steel can be improved.
Pregnancy in a Young Patient with Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer—Between Fear of Recurrence and Desire to Procreate
Authors: Oprean Cristina Marinela , Ciocoiu Andrei Dorin , Segarceanu Nusa Alina , Moldoveanu Diana , Stan Alexandra , Hoinoiu Teodora , Chiorean-Cojocaru Ioana , Grujic Daciana , Stefanut Adelina , Pit Daniel , Dema Alis
Published: May 2023

Breast cancer is the most frequent neoplasm among women and the second leading cause of death by cancer. It is the most frequent cancer diagnosed during pregnancy. Pregnancy-associated breast cancer is defined as breast cancer that is diagnosed during pregnancy and/or in the postpartum period. Data about young women with metastatic HER2-positive cancer who desire a pregnancy are scarce. The medical attitude in these clinical situations is difficult and nonstandardized. We present the case of a 31-year-old premenopausal woman diagnosed in December 2016 with a stage IV Luminal HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (pT2 N0 M1 hep). The patient was initially treated by surgery in a conservative manner. Postoperatively, the presence of liver metastases was found by CT investigation. Consequently, line I treatment (docetaxel l75 mg/m² iv; trastuzumab 600 mg/5 mL sq) and ovarian drug suppression (Goserelin 3.6 mg sq at 28 days) was administered. After nine cycles of treatment, the patient’s liver metastases had a partial response to the therapy. Despite having a favorable disease evolution and a strong desire to procreate, the patient vehemently refused to continue any oncological treatment. The psychiatric consult highlighted an anxious and depressive reaction for which individual and couple psychotherapy sessions were recommended. After 10 months from the interruption of the oncological treatment, the patient appeared with an evolving pregnancy of 15 weeks. An abdominal ultrasound revealed the presence of multiple liver metastases. Knowing all the possible effects, the patient consciously decided to postpone the proposed second-line treatment. In August 2018, the patient was admitted in the emergency department with malaise, diffuse abdominal pain and hepatic failure. Abdominal ultrasound found a 21-week-old pregnancy which had stopped in evolution, multiple liver metastases and ascites in large quantity. She was transferred to the ICU department where she perished just a few hours later. Conclusions/Discussion: From a psychological standpoint, the patient had an emotional hardship to make the transition from the status of a healthy person to the status of a sick person. Consequently, she entered a process of emotional protection of the positive cognitive distortion type, which favored the decision to abandon treatment and try to complete the pregnancy to the detriment of her own survival. The patient delayed the initiation of oncological treatment in pregnancy until it was too late. The consequence of this delay in treatment led to the death of the mother and fetus. A multidisciplinary team worked to provide this patient with the best medical care and psychological assistance throughout the course of the disease.
Predictors of Candidemia during Febrile Episode in Lymphoreticular Malignancy Affecting Paediatric Population
Authors: Gautam Suchita , Das Shukla , Singh Praveen , Rai Gargi , Jain Charu , Saha Rumpa , Singh Narendra , Gomber Sunil , Eltayeb Raga , Dar Sajad
Published: May 2023

Limited studies on candidemia in malignancy in the paediatric population from developing countries show a high incidence, high morbidity and a unique epidemiology as compared to developed nations. Our prospective observational study aimed to explore the prevalence of invasive candidiasis, especially candidemia, in febrile paediatric patients with lymphoreticular malignancy. A sample size of 49 children, with 100 recorded febrile episodes was studied. The relevance of candida colonization and mannan antigen detection as indicators of impending candidemia was evaluated. Genotypic identification of the yeast isolates was followed by sequence analysis using the NCBI-BLAST program, and the generation of the phylogenetic tree using MEGA 6.0 software. We observed a 5% prevalence of candidemia among febrile paediatric patients with lymphoreticular malignancy, predominantly caused by non-albicans candida. Colonization at multiple anatomical sites decreased from day 1 to day 8 of febrile episodes. Significant candida colonization (colonization index ≥0.5) was seen in a larger proportion of candidemia patients on day 1 and day 4 (p < 0.001) displaying a definite association between the two. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for mannan antigen level revealed a cut-off of ≥104.667 pg/mL, suitable for predicting candidemia with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 92% and area under ROC value of 0.958 (95% CI: 0.915–1; p < 0.001). A phylogenetic tree with three population groups, clade 1, 2 and 3, consisting of Candida auris (1), Candida tropicalis (2) and Candida parapsilosis (2), respectively, was generated. The diagnosis of candidemia based on mannan antigen detection gives early results and has high negative predictive values. It can be combined with other biomarkers to increase sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value.
A Hybridized Machine Learning Approach for Predicting COVID-19 Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System and Reptile Search Algorithm
Authors: Jithendra Thandra , Sharief Basha Shaik
Published: May 2023

This research is aimed to escalate Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) functioning in order to ensure the veracity of existing time-series modeling. The COVID-19 pandemic has been a global threat for the past three years. Therefore, advanced forecasting of confirmed infection cases is extremely essential to alleviate the crisis brought out by COVID-19. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-reptile search algorithm (ANFIS-RSA) is developed to effectively anticipate COVID-19 cases. The proposed model integrates a machine-learning model (ANFIS) with a nature-inspired Reptile Search Algorithm (RSA). The RSA technique is used to modulate the parameters in order to improve the ANFIS modeling. Since the performance of the ANFIS model is dependent on optimizing parameters, the statistics of infected cases in China and India were employed through data obtained from WHO reports. To ensure the accuracy of our estimations, corresponding error indicators such as RMSE, RMSRE, MAE, and MAPE were evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2). The recommended approach employed on the China dataset was compared with other upgraded ANFIS methods to identify the best error metrics, resulting in an R2 value of 0.9775. ANFIS-CEBAS and Flower Pollination Algorithm and Salp Swarm Algorithm (FPASSA-ANFIS) attained values of 0.9645 and 0.9763, respectively. Furthermore, the ANFIS-RSA technique was used on the India dataset to examine its efficiency and acquired the best R2 value (0.98). Consequently, the suggested technique was found to be more beneficial for high-precision forecasting of COVID-19 on time-series data.
Application of Hybridization Chain Reaction/CRISPR-Cas12a for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Sagoe Kate Obaayaa , Kyama Mutinda Cleophas , Maina Naomi , Kamita Moses , Njokah Muturi , Thiong’o Kelvin , Kanoi Bernard N. , Wandera Ernest Apondi , Ndegwa Davies , Kinyua Dickson Mwenda , Gitaka Jesse
Published: May 2023

Globally, the emergence of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on life. The need for ongoing SARS-CoV-2 screening employing inexpensive and quick diagnostic approaches is undeniable, given the ongoing pandemic and variations in vaccine administration in resource-constrained regions. This study presents results as proof of concept to use hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas12a complex for detecting SARS-CoV-2. HCR hairpin probes were designed using the NUPACK web-based program and further used to amplify the SARS-CoV-2 N gene in archived nasopharyngeal samples. The results were visualized using agarose gels and CRISPR Cas12a-based lateral flow strips. The assay was evaluated using the gold standard, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The results show the comparative efficiency of HCR to RT-PCR. This study shows that HCR and CRISPR are viable alternatives for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 in samples.
A Prospective Study Measuring the Effect of an Interactive Educational Program on Overweight and Obesity among School-Aged Children
Authors: Ríos-Castillo Israel , Escala Lisbeth , Urriola Ledys , McKinnon Mónica , Kodish Stephen R. , Rojas-Roque Carlos
Published: May 2023

Being overweight or obese is a public health problem. This work evaluated a food and nutrition education (FNE) intervention to reduce overweight status among schoolchildren in four schools in the West Panama Province. This was a quasi-experimental before-and-after study that implemented a 34-week FNE intervention through workshops with didactic material to 403 children between 8 and 13 years old. A knowledge and attitude survey was used as an evaluation tool before and after the FNE intervention. The prevalence of excess weight (40%) did not reduce after the intervention. The zBMI at the beginning was 0.57 (1.29) for girls and 0.70 (1.36) for boys, and at the final evaluation was 0.57 (1.28) for girls and 0.67 (1.33) for boys. No significant differences were observed between the point of evaluation and sex. No differences were reported in the median level of attitude, although higher levels of knowledge were reported in students of both sexes. The FNE in schoolchildren can be effective in acquiring knowledge and maintaining a positive attitude towards food, but more research is needed to address nutritional status. Although the intervention had no impact on nutritional status, the FNE facilitated the adoption of skills and competencies in schoolchildren. The success of the implementation of the study highlighted the feasibility of replicating the FNE interventions on a larger scale to contribute positively to the multi-level and sectoral public policy Study Without Hunger in Panama.
Study on the Evolution Law of Overlying Strata Structure in Stope Based on “Space–Air–Ground” Integrated Monitoring Network and Discrete Element
Authors: Zhu Yuanhao , Yan Yueguan , Zhang Yanjun , Zhang Wanqiu , Kong Jiayuan , Dai Anjin
Published: May 2023

The geological environmental damage caused by coal mining has become a hot issue in current research. Especially in the western mining area, the size of the mining working face is large, the mining intensity is high, while the surface movement and deformation are more intense and wider. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively monitor the surface using appropriate means and carrying out research on the overlying strata structure of the stope. In this paper, by using advantages of various subsidence monitoring technologies and the technical framework of the Internet of Things (IoT), a “space–air–ground” integrated collaborative monitoring network is constructed. The evolution law of overlying strata structure is studied based on discrete element simulations and theoretical analysis. Furthermore, a discrete element mechanical parameter inversion method is proposed. The main results, using numerical simulations, are as follows: The mean square error of monitoring surface subsidence is 33.2 mm, the mean square error of mechanical parameter inversion is 13.4 mm, and relative error is as low as 3.8%. The surface subsidence law of adjacent mining under different working face widths and interval coal pillar widths is revealed. The Boltzmann function model of surface subsidence ratio changing with width–depth ratio and the calculation formula of width reduction coefficient of adjacent mining working face are inverted. The critical failure width of the interval coal pillar is determined as 20.5 m. Based on the theory of “arch–beam” structure and numerical simulation results, the overlying strata structure model of adjacent mining in the mining area is constructed. The research results can provide technical support or theoretical reference for mining damage monitoring, subsidence control, and prediction in western mines.
A Structured Sparse Bayesian Channel Estimation Approach for Orthogonal Time—Frequency Space Modulation
Authors: Zhang Mi , Xia Xiaochen , Xu Kui , Yang Xiaoqin , Xie Wei , Li Yunkun , Liu Yang
Published: May 2023

Orthogonal time–frequency space (OTFS) modulation has been advocated as a promising waveform for achieving integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) due to its superiority in high-mobility adaptability and spectral efficiency. In OTFS modulation-based ISAC systems, accurate channel acquisition is critical for both communication reception and sensing parameter estimation. However, the existence of the fractional Doppler frequency shift spreads the effective channels of the OTFS signal significantly, making efficient channel acquisition very challenging. In this paper, we first derive the sparse structure of the channel in the delay Doppler (DD) domain according to the input and output relationship of OTFS signals. On this basis, a new structured Bayesian learning approach is proposed for accurate channel estimation, which includes a novel structured prior model for the delay-Doppler channel and a successive majorization–minimization (SMM) algorithm for efficient posterior channel estimate computation. Simulation results show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the reference schemes, especially in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region.
Current Updates in Bleomycin-Based Electrochemotherapy for Deep-Seated Soft-Tissue Tumors
Authors: Ottlakan Aurel , Lazar Gyorgy , Olah Judit , Nagy Andras , Vass Gabor , Vas Marton , Pereira Raissa , Kis Erika
Published: May 2023

Electrochemotherapy (ECT) has evolved significantly during the last decade, expanding treatment indications from superficial skin lesions to advanced-stage, deep-seated tumors in hard-to-reach areas. Electrodes have also shown steady technological improvement throughout the years. Besides standard and VEG (variable geometry electrode) electrodes, the introduction of laparoscopic electrodes has brought on a new era in ECT treatment, making the minimally invasive approach a reality. The exact role of ECT in the oncological dashboard is yet to be determined; however, increased tumor response, pain relief, and a low number of adverse events may yield the way for more widespread application of the technique with possible further inclusion of ECT in international oncological guidelines. The aim of this review is to give an overview on the current status of ECT in deep-seated tumor treatment and shed light on its emerging role in local anticancer therapy.
Research on Electromagnetic Vibration Characteristics of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Multi-Physical Field Coupling
Authors: Wang Dongwen , Yang Wei , Yang Jiafeng , Jiang Kongming , Fu Yang
Published: May 2023

Background and Purpose: The stator vibration characteristics are comprehensively mastered by considering the influence of winding and the housing structure on the stator modes. This effect is neglected in the research field of electromagnetic vibration of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). Methods: The radial air-gap flux density equations and PMSM’s electromagnetic force density are derived, and then the harmonic characteristics of electromagnetic force density are studied. An equivalent finite element model of the stator is proposed that investigates the impacts of the winding and stator housing rules on the stator modal frequency. Finally, the harmonic response and acoustic analyses of electromagnetic vibration are carried out based on multi-physics field coupling. Results: The equivalent radiated power distribution laws and acoustic field of motor electromagnetic vibration under transient operating conditions are obtained. The theoretical analysis results are consistent with the experimental results. Conclusion: The obtained results show that the spatial order of the radial electromagnetic force is not equal to the order of the radial mode of the motor stator. The reason for this is that structural resonance is induced when the frequency components of the spatial radial electromagnetic force are coupled with the intrinsic frequency of the stator.
Review on Greenhouse Gases Emission in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Countries
Authors: Triani Meiri , Tambunan Handrea Bernando , Dewi Kania , Ediansjah Addina Shafiyya
Published: May 2023

The Association of the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region is a critical contributor to global development from an environmental perspective. This study has reviewed carbon emissions from energy generation, influence factors from the population, economic growth and renewable energy, emission and energy intensity projection, spatial distribution characteristics, and decarbonization strategy. This work utilizes a comparison methodology between ASEAN countries in the emission intensity and energy intensity in the future projection of electricity conditions in 2030 or 2040, as well as opportunities for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as determined by the national policies of each government. The results show that Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia produce 79.7% of the electricity in the ASEAN region. As a developing country, Indonesia has the largest population and gross domestic product (GDP) but has the highest predicted emission intensity, of 0.97 CO2e/MWh, in 2030. Vietnam is predicted to have an emission intensity of about 3.56t-CO2e/cap and 0.747t-CO2e/GDP in 2030. Vietnam is expected to increase in energy intensity to 1241 MWh/GDP, while Brunei Darussalam has a high energy intensity of 11.35 MWh/cap. However, the capacity of solar power plants (more than 11 GW) and wind-power plants (2384 MW) have generally increased in ASEAN from 2015 to 2019, indicating the positive development of renewable energy source (RES) use. The national policies strongly influence the estimated GHG emission in ASEAN by aggressively replacing fossil fuels with RESs. Support, via government policies, can reduce the cost of electricity generation from RESs is needed to increase and enhance the installment of clean power generation systems. In future work, the research needs to consider the intermittent characteristics of variable RES in power system operation.
Impact on Energy Yield of Varying Turbine Designs under Conditions of Misalignment to the Current Flow
Authors: Evans Luke , Ashton Ian , Sellar Brian G.
Published: May 2023

Tidal energy resource characterisation using acoustic velocimetry sensors mounted on the seabed informs developers of the location and performance of a tidal energy converter (TEC). This work studies the consequences of miscalculating the established flow direction, i.e., the direction of assumed maximum energy yield. Considering data only above the proposed TEC cut-in velocities showed a difference in the estimated flow direction of up to 4°. Using a power weighted rotor average (PWRA) method to obtain the established flow direction resulted in a difference of less than 1° compared with the hub-height estimate. This study then analysed the impact of turbine alignment on annual energy production (AEP) estimates for a non-yawing tidal turbine. Three variants of horizontal axis tidal turbines, which operate in different locations of the water column, were examined; one using measured data, and the other two via modelled through power curves. During perfect alignment to the established flow direction, natural variations in flow meant that the estimate of AEP differed by up to 1.1% from the theoretical maximum of a fully yawed turbine. In the case of misalignment from the established flow direction, the difference in AEP increased. For a 15° misalignment, the AEP differed by up to 13%. These results quantify important uncertainties in tidal energy site design and performance assessment.
An Optimal Control Method for Greenhouse Climate Management Considering Crop Growth’s Spatial Distribution and Energy Consumption
Authors: Li Kangji , Mi Yanhui , Zheng Wen
Published: May 2023

The environmental factors of greenhouses affect crop growth greatly and are mutually coupled and spatially distributed. Due to the complexity of greenhouse climate modeling, the current optimal control of greenhouse crop growth rarely considers the spatial distribution issues of environmental parameters. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) is a technique to reduce the order of a model by projecting it onto an orthogonal basis. In this paper, POD is used to extract environmental features from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, and a low-dimensional feature subspace is obtained by energy truncation. With multi-dimensional interpolation, fast and low-dimensional reconstruction of the dynamic variation of greenhouse climates is achieved. On this basis, a rolling-horizon optimal control scheme is proposed. For each finite horizon, the external meteorological data are updated, and the response of the greenhouse environment is quickly calculated by the POD model. With the performance criterion J of maximizing crop production and energy efficiency, through the particle swarm optimization algorithm, the optimal settings for the greenhouse shading rate and the fan speed are derived. Such control computations are rolled forward during the whole planting season. Results of a case study show that the proposed method has low computation cost and high spacial resolution and can effectively improve the spatiotemporal accuracy of greenhouse climate management. In addition, different from traditional global optimal control methods, the proposed rolling-horizon scheme can correct various external disturbances in the procedure of crop growth, and thus it is more robust and has potential for engineering applications.
The Impact of ICT Capital Services on Economic Growth and Energy Efficiency in China
Authors: E Huifang , Li Shuangjie , Wang Liming , Xue Huidan
Published: May 2023

This study aims to investigate the impact of ICT capital services on economic growth and energy efficiency in China at both national and industrial levels during the period 2000–2020. To achieve this aim, this study introduces a measurement method for capital services, explores ICT’s contributions to economic growth, and analyzes the impact of ICT on energy efficiency. The empirical results of this study indicate that although the ICT capital services scale is relatively small, accounting for only 8.87% of the total in 2020, its growth rate is faster than that of non-ICT capital services, and the distribution of ICT capital services varies widely among different industries. Additionally, based on the economic growth decomposition framework, this study finds that the contribution of ICT capital services to economic growth is 6.95% on average. It is significantly higher in certain industries, such as Financial industry; Information transmission, software and information technology services; Construction; and Manufacturing compared to others. The total factor energy efficiency (TFEE) reveals that industries with higher energy consumption have lower energy efficiency, while the panel regression model illustrates that the development of ICT has a positive impact on improving energy efficiency, with variability across industries. Overall, the findings of this study provide crucial scientific evidence and policy implications for promoting the development of ICT and integrating it with various industries, which can significantly contribute to boosting economic growth and energy efficiency.
Yaw Optimisation for Wind Farm Production Maximisation Based on a Dynamic Wake Model
Authors: Deng Zhiwen , Xu Chang , Huo Zhihong , Han Xingxing , Xue Feifei
Published: May 2023

In recent years, a major focus on wind farm wake control is to maximise the production of wind farms. To improve the power generation efficiency of wind farms through wake regulation, this study investigates yaw optimisation for wind farm production maximisation from the perspective of time-varying wakes. To this end, we first deduce a simplified dynamic wake model according to the momentum conservation theory and backward difference method. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified by simulation comparisons. Then, the time lag of wake propagation and its impact on wind farm production maximisation through wake meandering is analysed. On this basis, a yaw optimisation method for increasing wind farm energy capture is presented. This optimisation method uses the proposed dynamic wake model for wind farm prediction. The results indicate that the optimisation period is critical to the effect of the optimisation method on wind farm energy capture.
Graded-Index Active Layer for Efficiency Enhancement in Polymer Solar Cell
Authors: Morsy M. A. , Saleh Khalid
Published: May 2023

In this paper, narrow-bandgap polymer acceptors combining a benzotriazole (BTz)-core fused-ring segment, named the PZT series, were used with a high-absorption-efficiency polymer (PBDB) compound with branched 2-butyl octyl, linear n-octyl, and methyl to be utilized as a graded-index (GI) active layer of the polymer solar cells (PSCs) to increase the photocurrent and enhance solar efficiency compared to the existing PBDB-T:PZT and PBDB-T:PZT-γ. In addition, a two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D-PhC) structure was utilized as a light-trapping anti-reflection coating (ARC) thin film based on indium tin oxide (ITO) to reduce incident light reflection and enhance its absorption. The dimensions of the cell layers were optimized to achieve the maximum power-conversion efficiency (PCE). Furthermore, the design and simulations were conducted from a 300 nm to 1200 nm wavelength range using a finite difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis. One of the most important results expected from the study was the design of a nano solar cell at (64 µm)2 with a PCE of 25.1%, a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 27.74 mA/cm2, and an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.986 V.
Vehicle Emission Models and Traffic Simulators: A Review
Authors: Mądziel Maksymilian
Published: May 2023

Accurate estimations and assessments of vehicle emissions can support decision-making processes. Current emission estimation tools involve several calculation methods that provide estimates of the exhaust components that result from driving on urban arterial roads. This is an important consideration, as the emissions generated have a direct impact on the health of pedestrians near the roads. In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of emission models, especially in combination with traffic simulator models. This is because it is very difficult to obtain an actual measurement of road emissions for all vehicles travelling along the analysed road section. This paper concerns a review of selected traffic simulations and the estimation of exhaust gas components models. The models presented have been aggregated into a group with respect to their scale of accuracy as micro, meso, and macro. This paper also presents an overview of selected works that combine both traffic and emission models. The presented literature review also emphasises the proper calibration process of simulation models as the most important factor in obtaining accurate estimates. This work also contains information and recommendations on modelling that may be helpful in selecting appropriate emission estimation tools to support decision-making processes for, e.g., road managers.
Holistic Approach for an Energy-Flexible Operation of a Machine Tool with Cooling Supply
Authors: Lindner Martin , Grosch Benedikt , Elserafi Ghada , Dietrich Bastian , Weigold Matthias
Published: May 2023

The following paper examines the practicality of a methodical approach for energy-flexible and energy-optimal operation in the field of metal-cutting production. The analysis is based on the example of a grinding machine and its central cooling-supply system. In the first step, an energy-flexibility data model is built for each subsystem, which describes energy flexibility potentials generically. This is then extended to enable combined energy cost-optimal production planning. As a basis for the links between the data model representations, the cold flows between the subsystems are modeled using parameter-estimation methods, which have a mean absolute error of only 2.3 percent, making the subsequent installation of heat meters unnecessary. Based on the presented approach, the results successfully validate the possibility of energy-flexible cost-optimal and sensor-reduced production planning by reducing energy costs by 6.6 percent overall and 1.9 percent per workpiece produced.
Evaluation of an Energy Separation Device for the Efficiency Improvement of a Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System with an External Reformer
Authors: Yun Jinwon , Choi Eun-Jung , Lee Sangmin , Kim Younghyeon , Yu Sangseok
Published: May 2023

Due to the high operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), the system efficiency depends on efficient thermal integration and the effective construction of system configuration. In this study, nine configurations of system integration design were investigated to evaluate the possible improvement of system efficiency with energy separation devices. The models were developed under the Matlab/Simulink® platform with Thermolib® module. The reference layout of the simulation included an SOFC stack, a compressor, an external reformer with a burner, a three-way valve, a heat exchanger, and a water pump. From the reference case, eight cases extended layouts for the capability of thermal energy utilization with a catalytic converter, SOFC hybridization, and an energy separation device. Since the energy separation device was beneficial to thermal energy utilization via a boost to the gas temperature, electric efficiency, and combined heat and power (CHP) efficiency was improved with the thermal integration of the energy separation device with a turbo generator.
Looking for Nano- and Microplastics in Meiofauna Using Advanced Methodologies
Authors: Todaro M. Antonio , Anselmi Serena , Bentivoglio Tecla , Pretti Carlo , Cavallo Andrea , Renzi Monia
Published: May 2023

Meiofauna (body size within 30–1000 µm) are the community of microscopic invertebrates that live at the bottom of marine and freshwater ecosystems and play a key role in the food webs of these environments. Several studies have addressed the adverse effects of anthropic stressors on meiofauna; however, data on the presence and impact of plastic debris in wild meiofaunal organisms are scant. Since the amount of microplastic waste in sediments may surge rapidly, ascertaining the ingestion of these xenobiotics by the abundant micrometazoan community is necessary to understand their potential accumulation in aquatic food webs and their hazard to the health of the ecosystem. The absence of documentation in this regard may be due to the difficulty in detecting the small size of the plastic fragments meiofauna may potentially ingest. To overcome this difficulty, we developed an integrated approach based on different microscopic/spectroscopic techniques suitable for detecting plastic particles of sizes down to 200 nm.
B and N Co-Doped Wood Scrap Charcoal for Decorated Supercapacitor with High Conductivity
Authors: Chen Gaojun , Li Yudong , Han Enshan , Zhang Ziqiang , Yang Xiaohui , Zhou Desheng , He Yanzhen
Published: May 2023

The optimization of supercapacitive properties in carbon materials derived from cheap and sustainable wood scraps exhibits great application potential. Herein, in support of interfacial groups, polyaniline nanospheres were in situ constructed in the internal pore structure of wood scraps; further, the B and N elements were imported by carbonized and hydrothermal methods. The doped B regulated the species of N doping to improve the electrical conductivity of carbonized wood scraps, and it endowed a certain pseudo-capacitance. Coupled with the fine double-layer capacitance from the hierarchical structures constructed by carbonized nanospheres and wood scrap channels, a high specific capacitance of 406 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, high energy density (17.71 Wh kg−1 at 250 W kg−1) and cycle stability (93.04% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles) were performed simultaneously. This study provided a new strategy to improve the supercapacitive performance of bio-carbon materials in terms of structure and conductance.
Biochemical Changes during Fruit and Seed Development in Nanjing Linden (Tilia miqueiana M.)
Authors: Wu Yu , Peng Chenyin , Yu Xiangyu , Shen Yongbao
Published: May 2023

In China, the wild population of Nanjing Linden (Tilia miqueliana M.) is experiencing a drastic decline, primarily due to high levels of empty seeds. This study aimed to measure the biochemical and physiological changes during fruit and seed development in T. miqueliana to determine the developmental mechanism. The weight method and photosynthetic respiration were used to determine the biological aspects of both fruits and embryos, while transmission electron microscopy and the anthrone colorimetric method were used to determine the endosperm content, including sugar, starch, protein, and fat. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were conducted to determine the levels of endogenous plant hormones such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid 3 (GA3), zeatin riboside (ZR), and abscisic acid (ABA). The nonlinear least-squares method was used to fit the model of nutrient and hormone levels, revealing that fruit size expanded from the 5th to the 65th day and that fruit moisture content exhibited a downward trend, along with a decrease in fruit respiration intensity. Embryos were found to be fully developed between 35 DAF and 65 DAF, while the nutrients in the endosperm, i.e., sugar, starch, protein, and fat, continuously accumulated after 50 DAF. Additionally, ABA, IAA, GA3, and ZR contents were found to synergistically regulate seed development and maturation.
Effect of Slope on the Frequency and Height of Fire Whirls
Authors: Wang Yifan , Zhou Kuibin
Published: May 2023

Fire whirls are reported to occur frequently in the wilderness and in urban areas due to the influence of ambient winds. Fire whirls that occur on sloped fuel surfaces are common in the wilderness and have received less attention despite their potential to significantly alter fire behavior. Particularly in terms of frequency and height, previous studies have been performed on flatlands but less so on slopes. This paper presents an experimental study of fire whirls in sidewind line fires, focusing on the frequency of occurrence and the height of fire whirls. Regarding the effect of a side wind, it is shown that a side wind increases the frequency of occurrence, while the velocity component parallel or perpendicular to the line fire has a competing effect. In contrast, an increase in the slope reduces the height of the fire whirl; this phenomenon has been justified on the basis of experimental data from our work and the literature and explained in terms of the mechanism of vortex generation and movement.
Chemical-Structural Identification of Crude Gelatin from Jellyfish (Stomolophus meleagris) and Evaluation of Its Potential Biological Activity
Authors: Esparza-Espinoza Dania Marisol , del Carmen Santacruz-Ortega Hisila , Plascencia-Jatomea Maribel , Aubourg Santiago P. , Salazar-Leyva Jesús Aarón , Rodríguez-Felix Francisco , Ezquerra-Brauer Josafat Marina
Published: May 2023

The demand for jellyfish is growing worldwide, especially due to their high nutraceutical value. In this study, the extraction and characterization of crude gelatin from the brown cannonball jellyfish (Stomolophus meleagris), which is periodically found in large volumes on the American Pacific coasts, were carried out. The crude gelatin obtained by alkaline treatment, with subsequent heat and dialysis treatment, showed an ability to quench free radicals (via ABTS and ORAC methods), and protect human cells against oxidative damage (through inhibition of hemolysis by AAPH), and they protected against mutations caused by aflatoxin B1 in the Salmonella enterica Typhimurium TA100 strain. Furthermore, it was established that these extracts were innocuous for eukaryotic cells (genotoxicity assay). The amino acid profiles indicate a high concentration of glycine and proline, as well as charged amino acids. Electrophoretic, FT-IR, and 1H-NMR studies indicated that one of the main proteins present in this crude gelatin is collagen. The presence of collagen and other proteins was identified by proteomic studies. Alkaline crude gelatin from brown jellyfish could be considered as potential candidates to be evaluated as antioxidant agents in foods in future research.
The Continuous Bernoulli Distribution: Mathematical Characterization, Fractile Regression, Computational Simulations, and Applications
Authors: Korkmaz Mustafa Ç. , Leiva Víctor , Martin-Barreiro Carlos
Published: May 2023

The continuous Bernoulli distribution is defined on the unit interval and has a unique property related to fractiles. A fractile is a position on a probability density function where the corresponding surface is a fixed proportion. This article presents the derivation of properties of the continuous Bernoulli distribution and formulates a fractile or quantile regression model for a unit response using the exponentiated continuous Bernoulli distribution. Monte Carlo simulation studies evaluate the performance of point and interval estimators for both the continuous Bernoulli distribution and the fractile regression model. Real-world datasets from science and education are analyzed to illustrate the modeling abilities of the continuous Bernoulli distribution and the exponentiated continuous Bernoulli quantile regression model.
lncRNA TRHDE-AS1 Correlated with Genomic Landscape and Clinical Outcome in Glioma
Authors: Xie Jinxuan , Lin Yi , Li Yajie , Fang Aizhong , Li Xin , Wang Songlin , Li Wenbin
Published: May 2023

The role of lncRNA in cancer development has received more and more attention in research. A variety of lncRNAs are associated with the occurrence and development of glioma. However, the role of TRHDE-AS1 in glioma is still unknown. In this study, we explored the role of TRHDE-AS1 in glioma through bioinformatic methods. We first identified an association between TRHDE-AS1 and tumor prognosis in pan-cancer analysis. Subsequently, the expression levels of TRHDE-AS1 in various clinical types of glioma were compared, and significant differences were found in pathological classification, WHO classification, molecular classification, IDH mutation, and age stratification. We analyzed the genes co-expressed with TRHDE-AS1 in glioma. In the functional analysis of TRHDE-AS1, we found that TRHDE-AS1 may be involved in the regulation of synapse-related functions. In glioma cancer driver gene correlation analysis, it was also found that TRHDE-AS1 was significantly correlated with the expression levels of multiple driver genes such as TP53, BRAF, and IDH1. By comparing the mutant profiles of the high and low TRHDE-AS1 groups, we also found that there may be differences in TP53 and CIC gene mutations in low-grade gliomas. Subsequent correlation analysis between TRHDE-AS1 and glioma immune microenvironment showed that the expression level of TRHDE-AS1 was correlated with a variety of immune cells. Therefore, we believe that TRHDE-AS1 is involved in the occurrence and development of glioma and has the ability to predict the prognosis of glioma as a biomarker of glioma.