bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Pendidikan Matematika Dasar Menggunakan Pendekatan Realistik untuk Anak Usia Dini di Kelurahan Kampung Lapai
Authors: Hasibuan Lilis Harianti , Putri Darvi Mailisa , Jannah Miftahul
Published: October 2021

Penyuluhan yang berjudul Penerapan Pendidikan Matematika Dasar Menggunakan Pendekatan Realistik untuk Anak Usia Dini di Kelurahan Kampung Lapai mengajukan masalah bagaimana penerapan Pendidikan Matematika Dasar pada anak usia dini. Untuk mengatasi masalah di atas penulis mengajukan konsep agar anak usia dini bisa memahami pelajaran matematika dengan mudah dan menyenangkan. Pada anak usia dini perkembangan kemampuan matematis dimulai sejak kecil, dan berlanjut saat anak-anak berkembang secara mental, fisik, dan sosial, yang berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap perkembangan dan kemampuan mereka . Pendidikan matematika dapat diberikan kepada anak sejak usia 0-6 tahun. Anak pada usia 0-6 tahun perlu mendapaat perhatian khusus karena pada usis inilah kesiapan mental dan emosional anak mulai dibentuk. Pendidikan anak usia dini (PAUD) ikut serta dalam menjamin mutu pendidikan dan kebrhasilan akademis secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh kualitas masukan pendidikan yaitu kesiapan mental dan emosional anak memasuki sekolah dasar. Metode dari penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif.. Adapun sampel yang akan menjadi responden pada pengabdian ini adalah siswa PAUD Amanah dengan menggunakan analisis inferensial produc moment. Berdasarkan perhitungan diperoleh thitung lebih besar dari  ttabel (5,231 > 1,694). Artinya terdapat hubungan positif yang tinggi atau kuat antara pendekatan realistik dan pemahaman matematika dasar  pada anak usia dini
A Comparison of Australasian Jurisdictional Ambulance Services’ Paramedic Clinical Practice Guidelines Series: Adult Sepsis
Authors: Wilkinson-Stokes Matt , Ryan Elena , Williams Michael , Spencer Maddison , Maria Sonja , Colbeck Marc
Published: October 2021

Introduction

This article forms part of a series that seeks to identify interjurisdictional differences in the scope of paramedic practice and differences in patient treatment based upon which jurisdiction a patient is geographically located within at the time of their complaint.

Methods

The current CPGs of each JAS were accessed during June 2020, and updated in August 2021. Content was extracted and verified.

Results

Nine services provide antibiotics for meningococcal septicaemia, with dosage ranging from 1 – 4 grams. Five services provide antibiotics for non-meningococcal sepsis (three under doctor approval), with choice of antibiotic including Ceftriaxone, Benzylpenicillin, Amoxicillin, and Gentamicin. Three services provide antipyretics, one provides corticosteroids under doctor approval, and all provide fluids (with dosage ranging from 20 – 60 ml/kg). ICPs are allowed to provide adrenaline infusions in nine services, noradrenaline in three services (one requiring doctor approval), and metaraminol in three services. Two additional services restrict metaraminol to specialist paramedics, with one of these requiring doctor approval. Two services perform phlebotomy and one takes lactate. Paramedics perform unassisted intubation in one service, with nine restricting this to ICPs. Facilitated or Ketamine-only intubation is performed by ICPs in one service. Rapid or delayed sequence induction is performed by ICPs in six services, and restricted to specialists in two services.

Conclusion

The domestic jurisdictional ambulance services in Australasia have each created unique treatment clinical practice guidelines that are heterogeneous in their treatments and scopes of practice. A review of the evidence underlying each intervention is appropriate to determining best practice.
StVO
Authors: Grubmann Michael
Published: October 2021

Aktueller Arbeitsbehelf für die Praxis Die 4. Auflage des bewährten StVO-Kommentars berücksichtigt mit Stand August 2021 alle Novellierungen der StVO (ua Novellierungen im Zusammenhang mit den Covid-19-Maßnahmengesetzen) sowie zuletzt durch das BGBl I 2021/154 (Verschärfung der Sanktionen für „große“ Geschwindigkeitsübertretungen) und die aktuelle Fassung aller straßenverkehrsrechtlich relevanten Verordnungen. Kernteil des Großkommentars ist die umfassende Darstellung der StVO, der Gesetzesmaterialien, der Judikatur der Höchstgerichte in prägnanten Entscheidungszitaten sowie der Rechtsauskünfte der Ministerien. Aufgrund der Vielzahl ergangener Judikate zu einzelnen Bestimmungen wurden Anmerkungen bei einigen Paragrafen geteilt und Zwischenüberschriften für eine bessere Übersicht eingefügt. Ein umfangreiches, die Suche erleichterndes Sachregister, rundet das Werk ab. Neu aufgenommen wurden ua: - Speichelvortestgeräteverordnung - Darstellung der section-control-Strecken auf Österreichs Autobahnen bzw Schnellstraßen - Verordnungen zu Fahrverboten für Lastkraftfahrzeuge auf bestimmten Straßen zu Hauptreisezeiten sowie auf Abfahrtsrampen bestimmter Autobahnanschlussstellen zu festgelegten Zeiten - Straßenverkehrsunfallstatistik-Gesetz, BGBl I 2017/7 - Verordnung des BMVIT über die statistische Erfassung von Straßenverkehrsunfällen mit Personenschaden für die Berichtsjahre 2019 bis 2023, BGBl II 2020/11
Das Recht der Energieraumplanung
Authors: Parapatics Maria
Published: October 2021

Die Energieraumplanung im österreichischen Unions- und Verfassungsrecht Ausgehend von den internationalen und unionalen Klimaschutzbemühungen wird unter dem Schlagwort der Energieraumplanung für Österreich gefordert, das Raumordnungsrecht an den Klima- und Energiezielen auszurichten und Raumplanung und Energieplanung miteinander zu verzahnen. Diese Arbeit untersucht, welche Gestaltungs- und Handlungsspielräume das Unions- und das Verfassungsrecht für die Energieraumplanung in Österreich eröffnen. Die Abhandlung zeigt die vielfältigen Ansatzpunkte der Energieraumplanung auf und greift mit allgemeinen Raumordnungsplänen, Klima- und Energiekonzepten sowie der Vertragsraumordnung zentrale Instrumente heraus, die sie einer eingehenden rechtsdogmatischen Untersuchung unterwirft. Dabei werden die verfassungsrechtlichen Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Einsatzes dieser Instrumente ausgelotet. Zudem werden im Vergleich mit ausländischen Regelungsansätzen rechtspolitische Vorschläge zur Weiterentwicklung der Raumordnungsinstrumente erarbeitet. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den Rechtsfragen der Wärmeversorgung von Gebäuden.
Prática dos profissionais de enfermagem frente a segurança do paciente em uma unidade de emergência
Authors: Souza Maria Nathália da Silva , Lima Luciana Andrade de , Souza Vanessa Juvino de , Furtado da Costa Ivelise Fhrideraid Alves
Published: October 2021

O debate sobre a segurança na assistência à saúde tem sido intensificado nas últimas décadas, sendo a segurança do paciente um dos temas mais comentados e discutidos, em âmbito nacional e mundial. Representa um parâmetro da qualidade da assistência hospitalar prestada ao paciente e da segurança de sua estadia no local. O presente estudo buscou analisar o conhecimento e a prática dos profissionais de enfermagem do setor de emergência de um hospital geral do agreste de Pernambuco, nos meses de março a julho de 2019, frente a segurança do paciente. Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico transversal descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido com 65 membros da equipe de enfermagem da emergência. O instrumento para coleta de dados da pesquisa foi composto por questionário que abordou aspectos sociais e profissionais dos pesquisados, além das variáveis de interesse da pesquisa, as quais foram analisadas por meio do programa EpiInfo 7.0. Verificou-se que a sobrecarga de trabalho, pouco tempo de experiência profissional corroboram para uma subnotificação de eventos adversos por parte da equipe de enfermagem da área de urgência e emergência que podem contribuir para uma assistência à saúde precária.
A presença paterna na consulta pré-natal: um estímulo para a promoção da saúde da gestante
Authors: Diniz Luciana Pessoa Maciel , Lima Emilly Vitória Macedo , Silva Amanda Alves Marcelino da , Nogueira Hiandra Isabela da Silva , Santos e Dantas Wanderson Lima
Published: October 2021

Introdução: Pré-natal é um conjunto de procedimentos clínicos e educativos com a intenção de promover a saúde e identificar precocemente os problemas da gestação, sendo favorecido pela presença paterna. Objetivo: Compreender como a presença paterna durante a consulta pré-natal pode influenciar na promoção da saúde da gestante. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa realizado com quatorze gestantes. As informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e analisadas segundo a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Percebeu-se uma baixa participação do pai da criança no acompanhamento pré-natal, podendo acarretar resultados negativos na saúde da gestante. Conclusão: Verifica-se que a presença do companheiro na consulta pré-natal pode favorecer ou interferir na promoção da saúde da gestante.
É urgente (re)construir o ensino de graduação em enfermagem numa perspectiva intra e pós-pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Soler Zaida Aurora Sperli Geraldes , Mota Maria Eduarda Dóro , Sacardo Yuri
Published: October 2021

O que apresentamos aqui é a visão/opinião/reflexão de uma longeva docente e dois acadêmicos concluintes de um curso de graduação em enfermagem, a respeito da desorganização ou desconstrução do ensino teórico e prático, em decorrência da pandemia da Covid-19 e a “retomada” que se aproxima das atividades presenciais. A suspensão das atividades era para ser por 15 dias, mas os decretos governamentais de isolamento social foram se sucedendo e não se sabia como agir. Ante tal situação, com orientações do Conselho Nacional e dos Conselhos Estaduais de Educação, .as instituições educacionais brasileiras, da rede pública e privada, emitiram normas para dar continuidade ao ensino...
Relação entre depressão e desnutrição em idosos
Authors: Ribas Mylena de Souza , Rodrigues Jessica de Almeida , De Sousa Jessica Cristina Santana , De Castro Thiálita Rebeca Oliveira , Silva Marcos Vinicius da , Dos Santos Beatriz Andrade , Oliveira Maria de Jesus , Pegoraro Vanessa Alvarenga
Published: October 2021

Introdução: Como as taxas de sobrevida estão elevadas, as doenças crônicas degenerativas são as enfermidades que mais acometem os idosos e observa-se que a desnutrição possui estreita relação com as diversas patologias, levando a uma má qualidade de vida. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente artigo foi identificar na literatura a relação entre a depressão e a desnutrição em idosos. Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico, descritivo do tipo de revisão integrativa e abordagem qualitativa. Foram selecionados 10 artigos, nas bases de dados Medline, Scielo, Lilacs e Pubmed. Resultados: Conforme semelhança dos dados, foram criadas duas categorias: “Suscetibilidade do gênero feminino na associação entre depressão e desnutrição” e “A relação entre depressão e desnutrição”. A prevalência da depressão em mulheres é duas vezes mais que em homens, considerando fatores fisiológicos, hormonais, aspectos socioculturais. Conclusão: A depressão pode levar ao dentrimento do estado nutricional e a desnutrição pode ocasionar a depressão.
Desafios da enfermagem na assistência às pessoas com tuberculose
Authors: Teixeira Bruna Silva , Machado Deborah dos Santos , Sousa Vitória Karolayne da Silva , Magaldi Fernanda Milani , Freitas Monise Moreno de , Oliveira Paulo Otávio Silicani de , Rosado Sara Rodrigues
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Compreender os desafios da enfermagem na assistência às pessoas com tuberculose. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, com dez enfermeiros com experiência na assistência às pessoas com tuberculose. A coleta de dados ocorreu através de entrevistas utilizando questões norteadoras, diário de campo e observação. Resultados: Identificaram-se duas categorias “Rede de cuidados da pessoa com tuberculose e as políticas públicas” e “Desafios na assistência de enfermagem à pessoa com tuberculose”, que destacam sobre os desafios na formação de vínculo entre usuário e enfermagem, a longanimidade do tratamento, a situação de vulnerabilidade como ponto que dificulta a adesão e os efeitos colaterais da medicação logo no início do tratamento. Conclusão: Os desafios enfrentados pela enfermagem durante a assistência às pessoas com tuberculose vão desde a captação e a formação de vínculo com usuário, adesão ao tratamento, além da falta de ações que visam a prevenção e promoção de saúde.
Síndrome de Williams-Beuren: análise de comunicações científicas como contribuição para o cuidado
Authors: Marques Ana Lúcia Fernandes Farias Ricci , Soler Zaida Aurora Sperli Geraldes
Published: October 2021

Introdução: A Síndrome de Williams-Beuren (SWB) ou Síndrome de Williams (SW) é uma doença genética rara, descrita em 1961/1962, ainda pouco conhecida e subdiagnosticada, responsável por distúrbios e deficiências progressivos, em diversas áreas do desenvolvimento, incluindo a cognitiva, motora e comportamental. Objetivo: Analisar fontes bibliográficas científicas publicadas no Brasil, sobre sentimentos e necessidades de familiares cuidadores e crianças com Síndrome de Williams-Beuren. Método: Trata-se de estudo descritivo, de base bibliográfica, junto ao Google Acadêmico e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde da rede Bireme, no formato de artigos, livros, dissertações e teses, identificando ocorrências progressivas no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças com a Síndrome de Williams-Beuren, que subsidiem um cuidado adequado. Para cada comunicação científica foi feita uma resenha/sinopse crítica do material bibliográfico selecionado. Resultados: Foram analisadas 49 publicações, sendo 30 artigos, cinco livros, nove dissertações de mestrado e cinco teses de doutorado, com abordagem específica de características de desenvolvimento, agravos à saúde, necessidades e medidas de intervenção para melhor qualidade de vida a afetados pela SWB. Conclusão: Os dados obtidos permitem afirmar que são necessários esforços em conjunto de pesquisadores, profissionais, especialistas da equipe de saúde preparados para atender tais crianças e pais/cuidadores, para melhorar a assistência e o cuidado aos acometidos por doenças raras.
Validade concorrente e reprodutibilidade intra-avaliador do teste de AVD-Glittre na apneia obstrutiva do sono
Authors: Nóbrega Júnior José Carlos Nogueira , Andrade Armèle Dornelas de , Souza Adí­lia Karoline Ferreira , Aguiar Maria Inês Remí­gio de , Pedrosa RodrigoPinto , Santos Maria do Socorro Brasileiro , Lima Anna Myrna Jaguaribe de
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a hipótese que o teste de AVD-Glittre (TGlittre) tem validade concorrente e reprodutibilidade intra-avaliador em indivíduos com apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS). Métodos: Foram avaliados 22 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com diagnóstico AOS. O TGlittre e o teste de esforço cardiopulmonar (TECP) foram realizados em dois dias diferentes, duas vezes cada, e a ordem era determinada por randomização. Resultados: A FC máxima (FCmáx) obtida no TGlittre foi de 130,6 ± 13,3 bpm e o tempo total para a realização do teste foi de 3,4 ± 0,5 min. Sobre as varáveis analisadas no TECP, foram obtidos os seguintes valores: consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx) = 2,4 ± 5,3 ml/kg/min, VO2 no primeiro limiar = 19,4 ± 3,9 ml/kg/min, FCmáx = 161,3 ± 15,2 bpm e o tempo total de realização do teste foi de 8,3 ± 1,6 min. Uma correlação negativa moderada foi verificada entre o tempo de realização do TGlittre e VO2max (r = -0,424; p = 0,049). Na análise da confiabilidade teste-reteste do tempo total de realização do TGlittre, foi observada uma excelente concordância e consistência entre as medidas (coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) = 0,865; IC95%: 0,379-0,965 (p ≤ 0,0001). Conclusão: O teste de TGlittre é válido e reprodutível na AOS. Além disso, é um teste de intensidade submáxima, fácil aplicação e baixo custo, que pode ser utilizado em larga escala.
Influência da temperatura ambiente no desempenho aeróbio: respostas fisiológicas e perceptuais em adultos jovens
Authors: Araujo Flavio de Souza , Pereira Hiago Andrei de Lima , Santos Geovani Alves dos , Santos Gabriel Lucas Leite da Silva , Moraes José Fernando Vila Nova de Moraes
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a influência da temperatura ambiente sobre as respostas fisiológicas e perceptuais do desempenho aeróbio em adultos jovens. Métodos: Doze indivíduos do sexo masculino (23,1 ± 3,3 anos; 24,5 ± 3,0 kg/m²) realizaram duas sessões randomizadas de testes incrementais em cicloergômetro, na condição Calor (32,7 ± 1,6ºC) e Termoneutro (22,8 ± 0,6°C) com intervalo de 48-72 horas. Foram mensuradas temperatura periférica (TP), frequência cardíaca (FC) percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE), sensação térmica (ST), valência afetiva (VA), potência aeróbia máxima (Pmax) e tempo de exaustão (TE). Resultados: Durante a sessão Termoneutra, o TE e Pmax foram significativamente maiores quando comparados a sessão Calor (20,9 ± 4,1 min vs. 19,5 ± 3,5 min; 212,9 ± 43,4 W vs. 198,3 ± 45,6 W; p < 0,05). A TP e ST foram significativamente maiores na sessão Calor (p < 0,01). Porém, a FC, PSE e VA não diferiram entre as sessões (p > 0,05). Conclusão: Conclui-se que o desempenho aeróbio de jovens é menor no calor, influenciado principalmente pelo aumento da TP e ST.
Síndromes imunológicas e alérgicas induzidas ou exacerbadas por exercício: o que o profissional de saúde do exercício precisa saber sobre doenças imunoalérgicas e esporte?
Authors: Dortas Júnior Sérgio Duarte , Azizi Guilherme Gomes
Published: October 2021

As doenças imunoalérgicas induzidas ou exacerbadas pelo exercício são situações significativamente importantes tanto para atletas amadores quanto profissionais. Asma, broncoespasmo, laringoespasmo e anafilaxia induzidos pelo exercício, urticárias induzidas e angioedema hereditário são exemplos destas situações. O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para o conhecimento de profissionais de saúde com orientação ao manejo de distúrbios de hipersensibilidade induzidos por exercícios ou desencadeados durante a prática esportiva, para permitir que seus pacientes realizem, com segurança, as atividades relacionadas ao exercício.
CONSTRUINDO AGROECOLOGIAS FEMINISTAS E ANTIRRACISTAS
Authors: Silva Isabel
Published: October 2021

Editorial
Етапи роботи над скоромовками у процесі дистанційного вивчення української мови іноземними слухачами. Використання гарячих (швидких) клавіш під час підготовки матеріалів занять
Authors:   Білоцерківський національний аграрний  університет, Будугай Андрій Олександрович
Published: October 2021

У статті йдеться про основні етапи роботи над скоромовками у процесі вивчення фонетики української мови слухачами мовного курсу. Звернено увагу на особливості підготовки методичних матеріалів для освітнього процесу в умовах онлайн навчання. Ключові слова: дистанційне навчання, українська мова як іноземна, скоромовка, артикуляція, вимова, говоріння, «гарячі клавіші».
Навчальний комплекс з української мови «паралель» для англомовних студентів-нефілологів
Authors:   Навчально-науковий інститут міжнародної освіти Харківського національного університету імені В.Н. Каразіна, Алексєєнко Тетяна Миколаївна , Кушнір Ірина Миколаївна ,   Навчально-науковий інститут міжнародної освіти Харківського національного університету імені В.Н. Каразіна, Ушакова Наталія Ігорівна ,   Навчально-науковий інститут міжнародної освіти Харківського національного університету імені В.Н. Каразіна
Published: October 2021

Тенденції розвитку вищої освіти зумовлюють необхідність створення навчально-методичних комплексів для іноземних студентів різних профілів навчання відповідно до рівня володіння українською мовою та мови надання освітніх послуг. У поданій доповіді схарактеризовано навчальний комплекс з української мови як іноземної для англомовних здобувачів вищої нефілологічної освіти в Україні. Зазначено, що навчальний комплекс «Паралель» реалізує особливості сучасної мовноосвітньої парадигми, а його структурно-змістові елементи забезпечують реалізацію дійсних комунікативних потреб інофонів та інтенсифікацію навчання. Ключові слова: англомовні студенти-нефілологи, навчально-методичний комплекс, українська мова як іноземна.
Aqua medicines, drugs and chemicals (AMDC) used in freshwater aquaculture of South-Eastern Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Amir , Islam Saiful , Asif Abdulla Al , Rahman Hafzur
Published: October 2021

A broad variety of aquaculture-related medications, drugs, and chemicals (AMDC) are extensively used in the aquaculture industry in South-Eastern Bangladesh. Fish farmers are worried about the quality of their final product, and disease outbreaks must be stopped at all costs. Farmers are sometimes one ahead of the curve when it comes to producing healthy final products by including probiotics, vitamins, and minerals into their aquaculture setups to promote early and disease-free output. However, the current study was carried out in south eastern Bangladesh, specifically in the highly dense aquaculture regions of Chandpur, Cumilla, and Feni district (17 upazilas), from November 2016 to January 2018. Questions were asked through interviews and a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was held to gather primary data. The major target groups were aquaculture farmers, AMDC shops, pharmaceutical company employees, and hatchery owners. In this three-county area, according to the findings from the thorough research, there are a total of 33 companies that advertise 330 generics brand products via their own distributional channels. Among the available AMDC products in the study area, growth promoters were mostly abundant products among all categories while other products such as predator removal products, insecticides and ectoparasiticides, water quality and pond management, plankton producer, plankton bloom cleaner, disinfectant and disease treatment, toxic gas reducer, pH controller, oxygen supply, stress reducer, growth promoter, probiotics and antibiotics were most selling products to the farmers. The present study revealed 19 generic of antibiotics were available and prescribed by the AMDC vendors or aquaculture disease consultants (ADC) around the regions. Additionally, the research also included the dosages of AMDC and the method of administration in the aquaculture pond, which will assist both the farmers and the ADC in selecting and suggesting the appropriate medications or treatments that may be beneficial to the farmers in the long run.
Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2021, 6 (2), 103-127
A Case of Severe COVID-19 Infection in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: Critical Care Management and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Gupta Bhavna , Pai Venkatesh S.
Published: October 2021

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous disorder and is characterised by the proliferation of poorly differentiated myeloid cells due to underlying mutation, eventually causing bone marrow failure. Accounting for approximately 25% of cases, AML is the most frequent form of leukaemia in the world yet has the lowest survival rate among all leukaemias. Patients with haematological malignancy are more susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection and further development of severe infection, including pneumonia with poor blood oxygenation. The management of such patients is more challenging than expected. Successful management of one such case is discussed in this report. COVID-19 infection can cause great harm to a patient with underlying leukaemia and increase the mortality risk. It has a major impact on the physical and psychological health of the patient. Therefore, these patients need special care and attention. The authors emphasise the importance of supportive management (oxygen with bilevel positive airway pressure, prone positioning, and physiotherapy) to prevent complications.
Country-by-country reporting: ensuring confidentiality and protection of information of multinational groups of companies
Authors:   SHEE “Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman”, KRYSHTOPA Iryna , NIKOLENKO Larysa ,   SHEE “Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman”
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Confidentiality and protection of information contained in Country-by-Country Reports is one of the most important aspects of implementation of provisions of Action 13 of the Base erosion and Profit Shifting Action Plan (BEPS Action Plan) into national legislation of countries around the world. Problem statement. Considering Ukraine`s commitments to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (ОЕСD) in frames of combating against tax evasion by multinational groups of companies, a particular relevance receives the study of model legislation on confidentiality and protection of information, which is the subject of voluntary automatic exchange between countries, and approaches to its implementation into national legislation. Purpose. Complementary analysis of institutional basis for ensuring confidentiality and protection of information that is the subject of exchange between OECD member countries in frames of the BEPS Action Plan. Materials and methods. The research is based on a combination of general scientific methods, methods of comparison and empirical approach. Results. The need for harmonization of domestic legislation with OECD regulatory requirements that regulate confidentiality of information on taxpayers (including information exchanged in accordance with international agreements) has been substantiated. Conclusions. Based on the results of the conducted research it has been proved that there is the need for further improvement of institutional provision of protection and confidentiality of tax information, including information exchanged in accordance with international agreements.
U-Hack Med Gap Year—A Virtual Undergraduate Internship Program in Computer-Assisted Healthcare and Biomedical Research
Authors: Daetwyler Stephan , Mazloom-Farsibaf Hanieh , Danuser Gaudenz , Craig Rebekah
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 healthcare crisis dramatically changed educational opportunities for undergraduate students. To overcome the lack of exposure to lab research and provide an alternative to cancelled classes and online lectures, the Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics at UT Southwestern Medical Center established an innovative, fully remote and paid “U-Hack Med Gap Year” internship program. At the core of the internship program were dedicated biomedical research projects spanning nine months in fields as diverse as computational microscopy, bioimage analysis, genome sequence analysis and establishment of a surgical skill analysis platform. To complement the project work, a biweekly Gap Year lab meeting was devised with opportunities to develop important skills in presenting, data sharing and analysis of new research. Despite a challenging year, all selected students completed the full internship period and over 30% will continue their project remotely after the end of the program.
Application of Generalized (Hyper-) Dual Numbers in Equation of State Modeling
Authors: Rehner Philipp , Bauer Gernot
Published: October 2021

The calculation of derivatives is ubiquitous in science and engineering. In thermodynamics, in particular, state properties can be expressed as derivatives of thermodynamic potentials. The manual differentiation of complex models can be tedious and error-prone. In this work, we revisit dual and hyper-dual numbers for the calculation of exact derivatives and show generalizations to higher order derivatives and derivatives with respect to vector quantities. The methods described in this paper are accompanied by an open source Rust implementation with Python bindings. Applications of the generalized (hyper-) dual numbers are given in the context of equation of state modeling and the calculation of critical points.
PC Deficiency Testing: Thrombin-Thrombomodulin as PC Activator and Aptamer-Based Enzyme Capturing Increase Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Reda Sara , Rühl Heiko , Witkowski Jana , Müller Jens , Pavlova Anna , Oldenburg Johannes , Pötzsch Bernd
Published: October 2021

Protein C (PC) activity tests are routinely performed in a thrombophilia workup to screen for PC deficiency. Currently used tests combine conversion of PC to activated PC (APC) by the snake venom Protac with subsequent APC detection through hydrolysis of a chromogenic peptide substrate or prolongation of a clotting time. In this prospective cohort study, we analyzed how different modes of PC activation and subsequent APC determination influence the diagnostic accuracy of PC activity testing in a cohort of 31 patients with genetically confirmed PC deficiency. In addition to chromogenic and clot-based measurement, an oligonucleotide-based enzyme capture assay utilizing a basic exosite-targeting aptamer was used for APC detection. To study the influence of the PC activation step on diagnostic sensitivity, PC activation through Protac and through the thrombin-thrombomodulin (TM) complex were compared. Twenty-six (84%) and 24 (77%) PC deficient patients were identified as true-positive using the chromogenic and the clot-based PC activity assay, respectively. True-positive results increased to 27 (87%) when the basic exosite-targeting aptamer approach was used for APC measurement. Additional replacement of the PC activator Protac by thrombin-TM gave true-positive results in all patients. These data indicate that the mode of PC activation is crucial in determining the accuracy of PC activity testing and that diagnostic sensitivity can be significantly improved by replacing the PC activator Protac with thrombin-TM. APC detection using a basic exosite-targeting aptamer achieves high sensitivity toward mutations outside the active center while being less subject to interfering factors than clot-based PC activity assays.
Case Report: Medullary Thyroid Cancer Workup Initiated by Unexpectedly High Procalcitonin Level—Endocrine Training Saves Life in the COVID-19 Unit
Authors: Sira Livia , Balogh Zoltán , Vitális Eszter , Kovács Dávid , Győry Ferenc , Molnár Csaba , Bodor Miklos , Nagy Endre V.
Published: October 2021

Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that has caused a worldwide pandemic. The majority of medullary thyroid cancers present as a thyroid nodule. At the time of diagnosis, cervical lymph nodes and distant metastases are frequently detected.

Case Report

Here, we present a case of a 46-year-old man with coronavirus disease (COVID) pneumonia, who had persistently high serum procalcitonin levels despite normal C-reactive protein levels. The attending infectologist happened to be a colleague who spent some time, as part of her internal medicine rotation, in the Endocrine Ward and recalled that medullary thyroid cancer might be the cause. This led to the timely workup and treatment of the medullary cancer.
Non-Invasive Characterization of the Pancreas During Bariatric Surgery via Circulating Pancreatic Specific Cell-free Messenger RNA
Authors: Kiat Whye Kong , ShyongTai E , Shabbir Asim , Khoo Chin Meng , Koh Winston
Published: October 2021

Bariatric surgery results in sustained weight loss and improvement in glucose homeostasis. However, the lack of accessible non-invasive tools to examine molecular alterations occurring in the pancreas limits our understanding of the causes and recovery of glucose homeostasis. Here, we describe the use of a circulating cell free mRNA (cfmRNA) based multiplex qPCR assay to selectively amplify and quantify circulating pancreatic specific transcripts levels within plasma. We applied this assay to a cohort of 58 plasma samples consisting of 10 patients that tracks multiple time points including pre and post-bariatric surgery. In our targeted multiplex screen of 14 selected pancreatic specific circulating transcripts, we identified 13 pancreatic specific transcripts that can be amplified from plasma. Furthermore, when quantifying the amplicons obtained in the short-term post-surgery (2 weeks–1 month) and long-term (3–12 months), we observed a consistent reduction of circulating GCG transcripts during short term post-surgery. Across the cohort, GCG cfmRNA levels correlated significantly with common metrics of improvement following bariatric surgery such as: haemoglobin A1c levels (R: −0.41, p-value: 0.0039) and percentage of excess weight loss (R: 0.29, p-value: 0.046).
Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Epilepsy: A Review on Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutics
Authors: Ding Manqiu , Lang Yue , Shu Hang , Shao Jie , Cui Li
Published: October 2021

The gut–brain axis refers to the bidirectional communication between the gut and brain, and regulates intestinal homeostasis and the central nervous system via neural networks and neuroendocrine, immune, and inflammatory pathways. The development of sequencing technology has evidenced the key regulatory role of the gut microbiota in several neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Epilepsy is a complex disease with multiple risk factors that affect more than 50 million people worldwide; nearly 30% of patients with epilepsy cannot be controlled with drugs. Interestingly, patients with inflammatory bowel disease are more susceptible to epilepsy, and a ketogenic diet is an effective treatment for patients with intractable epilepsy. Based on these clinical facts, the role of the microbiome and the gut–brain axis in epilepsy cannot be ignored. In this review, we discuss the relationship between the gut microbiota and epilepsy, summarize the possible pathogenic mechanisms of epilepsy from the perspective of the microbiota gut–brain axis, and discuss novel therapies targeting the gut microbiota. A better understanding of the role of the microbiota in the gut–brain axis, especially the intestinal one, would help investigate the mechanism, diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and treatment of intractable epilepsy.
Changes of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Childhood Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wen Yuwen , Zhu Yingting , Zhuo Yehong
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness has been detected by numerous studies about alterations and abnormalities in childhood glaucoma, but these studies have yielded inconsistent results about the RNFL thinning region. The investigation of characteristics of RNFL in pediatric patients would contribute to the deep understanding of the neuropathic mechanisms of childhood glaucoma. Thus, the degree of thinning in different quadrants deserves further discussion and exploration.

Method: A systematic literature search was conducted using the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Embase, and PubMed databases to identify clinical studies published from inception to April 1, 2021.

Results: Ten studies were included in this review with a total of 311 children with glaucoma and 444 in nonglaucomatous controls. The results revealed that average peripapillary RNFL (pRNFL) thickness was attenuated in pediatric patients with glaucoma [weighted mean difference (WMD) = −20.75; 95% CI −27.49 to −14.01; p < 0.00001]. Additionally, pRNFL thickness in eight quadrants (superior, inferior, temporal, nasal, superotemporal, inferotemporal, superonasal, and inferonasal) had different levels of reduction in the pediatric group of glaucoma.

Conclusion: This study indicates that eight regions of RNFL thickness show various degrees of thinning in childhood glaucoma. However, caution is required in the interpretation of results due to marked heterogeneity. Future studies, especially larger samples and multicenter, need to confirm our results.
Sirtuins as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Kong Fanyun , Li Qi , Zhang Fulong , Li Xiaocui , You Hongjuan , Pan Xiucheng , Zheng Kuiyang , Tang Renxian
Published: October 2021

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are well-known histone deacetylases that are capable of modulating various cellular processes in numerous diseases, including the infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is one of the primary pathogenic drivers of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mounting evidence reveals that HBV can alter the expression levels of all SIRT proteins. In turn, all SIRTs regulate HBV replication via a cascade of molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, several studies suggest that targeting SIRTs using suitable drugs is a potential treatment strategy for HBV infection. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms associated with SIRT-mediated upregulation of viral propagation and the recent advances in SIRT-targeted therapy as potential therapeutic modalities against HBV infection.
Treating Aggression and Self-destructive Behaviors by Stimulating the Nucleus Accumbens: A Case Series
Authors: Harat Marek , Kiec Michał , Rudaś Marcin , Birski Marcin , Furtak Jacek
Published: October 2021

Self-destructive and aggressive behaviors can have a significant impact on the quality of life of affected individuals and their carrers. While deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been applied to the treatment of self-destructive and aggressive behaviors in isolated cases, clinical data on this treatment modality are still lacking. We therefore assessed responses to treatment with bilateral DBS of the nucleus accumbens in six patients with severe self-destructive and aggressive behaviors. Three patients had Tourette syndrome and three had other underlying predispositions including obsessive compulsive disorder, cerebral palsy, encephalitis, and epilepsy. Patients were followed up for between 2 and 7 years, and patients were assessed using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (six patients) and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (three patients able to complete the questionnaire on their own). DBS reduced self-destructive and aggressive behaviors by 30–100% and by an average of 74.5%. Patients with Tourette syndrome responded better to DBS and improved by 27.3% according to the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. These results suggest that nuclei accumbens stimulation may be an effective treatment for aggressive and self-destructive behaviors regardless of etiology.
Case Report: Migralepsy: The Two-Faced Janus of Neurology
Authors: Sforza Giorgia , Ruscitto Claudia , Moavero Romina , Ursitti Fabiana , Ferilli Michela Ada Noris , Tarantino Samuela , Balestri Martina , Vigevano Federico , Valeriani Massimiliano , Papetti Laura
Published: October 2021

We report three cases of pediatric patients suffering from migraine aura triggered seizures. This entity, also called migralepsy, still does not have a unique definition today. Migraine and epilepsy are both episodic neurological disorders with periods of interictal well-being; this is indicative of similar pathophysiological mechanisms, such as increased neuronal excitation and ion channel dysfunction. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the clinical and instrumental features of migralepsy through the description of three clinical cases in which the symptoms of the usual migraine aura developed into a generalized tonic–clonic or focal seizure.
Atherogenic Index of Plasma Predicts Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Liu Hongbing , Liu Kai , Pei Lulu , Li Shen , Zhao Jiawei , Zhang Ke , Zong Ce , Zhao Lu , Fang Hui , Wu Jun , Sun Shilei , Song Bo , Xu Yuming , Gao Yuan
Published: October 2021

Aim: The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was significantly related to adverse outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to investigate the association between AIP and adverse outcomes in acute ischemic stroke.

Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) admitted between 2015 and 2018 were prospectively enrolled in this study. Functional outcomes were evaluated by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Poor outcomes were defined as mRS 3–6. The relationship of AIP with the risk of outcomes was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression models.

Results: A total of 1,463 patients with AIS within 24 h of symptom onset were enrolled. The poor outcome group had a significantly higher level of AIP [0.09 (−0.10 to 0.27) vs. 0.04 (−0.09 to 0.18), p < 0.001] compared with the good outcome group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that higher AIP was associated with poor outcomes in all the stroke patients (OR 1.84, 95% CI, 1.23–2.53, p = 0.007), which was more evident in patients with large-artery atherosclerosis subtype (OR 1.90, 95% CI, 1.53–2.62, p = 0.002), but not in the other subtypes. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis revealed that the best predictive cutoff value of AIP was 0.112, with a sensitivity of 70.8% and a specificity of 59.2%, and the area under the ROC curves for AIP was 0.685.

Conclusion: AIP may be an important and independent predictor of the outcome of dysfunction in patients with AIS, especially the stroke subtype of large-artery atherosclerosis.
Epigenetic Regulations of Microglia/Macrophage Polarization in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Qiu Meiqian , Xu En , Zhan Lixuan
Published: October 2021

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Microglia/macrophages (MMs)-mediated neuroinflammation contributes significantly to the pathological process of ischemic brain injury. Microglia, serving as resident innate immune cells in the central nervous system, undergo pro-inflammatory phenotype or anti-inflammatory phenotype in response to the microenvironmental changes after cerebral ischemia. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetics modifications, reversible modifications of the phenotype without changing the DNA sequence, could play a pivotal role in regulation of MM polarization. However, the knowledge of the mechanism of epigenetic regulations of MM polarization after cerebral ischemia is still limited. In this review, we present the recent advances in the mechanisms of epigenetics involved in regulating MM polarization, including histone modification, non-coding RNA, and DNA methylation. In addition, we discuss the potential of epigenetic-mediated MM polarization as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke. It is valuable to identify the underlying mechanisms between epigenetics and MM polarization, which may provide a promising treatment strategy for neuronal damage after cerebral ischemia.
Relationship Between Explosive Strength Capacity of the Knee Muscles and Deceleration Performance in Female Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Zhang Qingshan , Léam Aurélie , Fouré Alexandre , Wong Del P. , Hautier Christophe A.
Published: October 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between linear deceleration performance and explosive strength capacity of the knee muscles. Fourteen female professional soccer players completed the maximal sprint deceleration tests and knee flexor (KF) and knee extensor (KE) isokinetic concentric (240° and 60°.s−1) and eccentric contractions (30°.s−1). Linear deceleration performance was evaluated from horizontal breaking force (FH), power (PH), and impulse (IH) during a maximal linear deceleration. The peak torque (PT) of KF and KE, PT ratio between KF and KE (conventional and functional H/Q ratio), rate of torque development (RTD) for each muscle group, and RTD between KF and KE (RTD H/Q) were extracted from the isokinetic contractions. Pearson’s correlation coefficients revealed that the eccentric (30°.s−1) and concentric (60°.s−1, 240°.s−1) KE peak torque, and the concentric KF peak torque (240°.s−1) were significantly correlated with FH, PH, and IH (−0.75<r<−0.54). Moreover, a significant correlation was found between KE RTD during eccentric contraction and FH, PH, and IH (−0.63<r<−0.54). Besides, a significant correlation was observed between RTD H/Q at 60°.s−1 and PH, IH (−0.61<r<−0.57). No significant relationship was observed between the H/Q ratio, KF RTD and deceleration performance. These main findings indicated the importance of the ability to quickly produce high KE eccentric torque, contributing to braking force production. Meanwhile, RTD H/Q should be assessed for its essential role in knee joint dynamic stability and can be a relevant index to determine deceleration performance.
Epithelial Cell Rests of Malassez Provide a Favorable Microenvironment for Ameliorating the Impaired Osteogenic Potential of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells
Authors: Li Yanjiao , Liu Anqi , Zhang Liqiang , Wang Zhiwei , Hui Nana , Zhai Qiming , Zhang Lishu , Jin Zuolin , Jin Fang
Published: October 2021

Human periodontal ligament stromal/stem cells (PDLSCs) are ideal candidates for periodontal regeneration and are of significant importance in clinical practice. However, PDLSCs derived from diseased microenvironments exert impaired behavior, which leads to the failure of periodontal regeneration. The epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM), which are involved in periodontal homeostasis, are residual cells from Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS). However, the function of ERM remains largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ERM on the osteogenic potential of PDLSCs from an impaired microenvironment. PDLSCs from healthy donors (H-PDLSCs), periodontitis donors (P-PDLSCs) and human ERM were harvested. Osteogenic evaluation showed a lower osteogenic potential of P-PDLSCs compared to that of H-PDLSCs. Then, we co-cultured ERM with P-PDLSCs, and the data showed that ERM promoted the expression of osteogenic genes and proteins in P-PDLSCs. In addition, we collected the PDLSCs from aged donors (A-PDLSCs) and analyzed the osteogenesis capacity of the A-PDLSCs and A-PDLSCs + ERM groups, which displayed similar results to P-PDLSCs. Finally, we evaluated the Wnt pathway, which is associated with osteogenic differentiation of stromal/stem cells, in A-PDLSCs + ERM and P-PDLSCs + ERM groups, which indicated that suppression of the Wnt pathway may result in an increase in the osteogenic properties of A-PDLSCs + ERM and P-PDLSCs + ERM groups. Taken together, the above findings shed new light on the function of ERM and provide a novel therapeutic for optimizing PDLSCs-based periodontal regeneration.
Unethical Leadership and Employee Extra-Role Behavior in Information Technology Sector: A Moderated Mediation Analysis
Authors: Zheng Fengjiao , Khan Naseer Abbas , Khan Muhammad Waseem Abbas
Published: October 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, enterprises were obliged to employ social media and digital tools to complete ordinary work. The pandemic has created a series of complexities and challenges, which have hampered harmonic contact between leaders and followers. The indirect relationship between unethical leadership and extra-role behavior (EXB)viapsychological empowerment (PYE) is investigated in this study. We also look into the role of perceived organizational support (POS) as a moderator in the link between unethical leadership and PYE, as well as the indirect link between unethical leadership and EXB. Data were obtained from 258 supervisor–employee dyads from various small- and mid-sized information technology (IT) enterprises using time lag data. Unethical leadership has an impact on employee psychological empowerment as well as EXB. The findings of this study indicated that POS also mitigated the negative consequences of unethical leadership on employee psychological empowerment. Similarly, the role of psychological empowerment as a mediator in the link between unethical leadership and employee EXB is influenced by POS. This study will also benefit researchers and practitioners interested in human resource practices in the IT industry.