bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Failure in Accounting: A Case Study of the Omani Students Rodrigo M. Velasco1
Authors: Velasco Rodrigo Macaraig
Published: October 2019

Anywhere in the world, accounting is highly regarded as one of the most challenging subjects in business programs. This is usually associated with a high failure rate; a pressing issue that deserves an intervention. This paper analyzed the factors associated with failure in accounting as experienced by a college in the Sultanate of Oman in two-folds: teachers' and students' perspectives. The sequential explanatory mixed method of research was utilized through the quantitative survey and focus group discussion (FGD) supplemented by an interview. Based on the students' assessment of the challenges and study habits, the teachers' attribution of failure to students' skills and capabilities is affirmed. It is very much recommended that teachers go back to the basic reinforcement of skills-building strategies to help the students pass the module. Since this is a prelude to a higher analysis, further studies of the same nature are highly encouraged.
Searching for underlying social determinants of health for thirty-day hospital readmissions
Authors: Wilson Matthew , Savoy Kathleen , Dubin Jeff , Floyd Edward , Paik Matthew , Rabin Ira , Milzman Dave
Published: October 2019

Objective: An evaluation of social factors associated with 30-day readmission was undertaken at our institution to determine which factors would be significantly associated with time to hospital readmission.Methods: Prospective observational study at an academic tertiary care hospital in the mid-Atlantic region of patients who were readmitted within 30 days of their last inpatient discharge. The electronic health record in conjunction with the regional hospital information system was used to generate a daily report to identify a convenience sample of readmitted patients. Using a standardized interview, data on 117 patients were collected for an exploratory analysis of social factors associated with readmission.Results: Regression modeling demonstrated poor correlation with prediction of time to readmission (R-squared = 0.2189). No individual social variables were found to be significant for influencing time to readmission (all p-values > .05). Common social factors were seen within the population affecting their utilization and access of healthcare. Poly-pharmacy was found in the majority of patients. Self-reported medication adherence was good, except with regards to mental health medication compliance. 97% of patients reported filling their prescriptions. 36% of the patients went to their follow-up appointment within 7 days although the vast majority of patients (92%) reported having a primary care doctor. 23% of patients expressed difficulty getting to their follow up appointments.Conclusions: At one single-center tertiary care hospital, there were some common underlying social determinants of health that may be related to readmission; however, no factors in isolation were predictive of hospital readmission. While there are common themes among readmitted populations, particularly in regard to factors driven by poverty, it is likely that the complex interaction of social factors with health continues to limit attempted administrative modeling of these data.
Injurious Effects of Hate Speech Acts in The Bluest Eye
Authors: Naeem Tamsila , Anwar Nadia
Published: October 2019

This qualitative study aims to investigate the effects of hate speech acts of powerful agencies, which are used to establish and maintain power relations by influencing the psyche of minorities or weaker groups to assign them a subordinate position. In the light of Judith Butler’s notions presented in her famous book Excitable Speech (1997) it is found that such acts are used as a lin­guistic weapon in the process of social domination. Hate Speech acts have an injurious effect on the psyche of the weak which prompts them to obey the commands of the speakers, the powerful. For this purpose, relevant excerpts were taken through purposive sampling technique from Toni Morrison’s novel, The Bluest Eye (1970), which depicts the tragic conditions of a black family living in a race conscious society of America. They are considered inferior to the white at social, moral, economic and political levels. The analysis of the selected texts is done at both micro and macro levels. At the micro level, the lexical semantic features of the utterances are studied and at the macro level, the socio-political environment in which the black characters are victimized and then psychologically subjectified is discussed. It is seen that the feeling of being ugly has multiple and terrible influences on the mind and body of the subjects. The selected episodes from the novel are the manifestations of their wounded psyche in the white-dominated America. They unconsciously think themselves as agents of darkness, sin, crime, wickedness, immorality and evil. The findings of the study also reveal a taxonomy of newly emerging hate speech acts which may prove useful to analyze the communicative patterns of race-driven societies.
Natural zeolite formation in Mongolia
Authors: Tumenbayar Baatar , Grayson Robin , Petrova Vera , Enkhsaikhan Rentsendorj
Published: October 2019

The genesis of natural zeolite in Mongolia is attributable to the late Mesozoic tectonic-magmatism activity in East Mongolia - Dornod. The numerous volcanoes formed during this activation process were surrounded by Cretaceous depressions with mineralized waters (Na+, K+, Ca+, Мg+, Al+, H+, SO42-, CO32- ,Cl-, O2- etc.). The huge amount of ash (glass) emanating from volcanic eruptions fell into the mineralized waters; the hydrolysis of amorphous (silicon-oxygen) structure of the glassy ash was dispersed by the effects of acid and alkaline in the water and became colloids. With the water composition transformation, the silicon and oxygen ions bonded together to form tetrahedral radicals, so forming a structure built up through low-pressure silicon-oxygen chains to become the spongy, web-like structural “skeletons” of zeolite minerals. This silicon-oxygen net structure has hollow spaces of varying sizes, which generates strong charges inside, capable of pulling in and out ions and molecules of various dimensions. These naturally occurred rocks (zeolite) are referred to as “molecular sieves” functioning as a sort of colander for radicals. In other words, it breathes. By this means, a vast region developed rich in natural zeolites of many different types under the influence of the geological, paleogeographic and crystallographic factors noted above and have the volcanic sediments’ origin. Among these, clinoptilolite, chabazite and mordenite deposits have, according to our research, a strategic significance for our country’s possible chemical pollution and nuclear poisoning (reflected in the next article). Also, it is now very obvious that Mongolia's natural zeolites can be used in many branches like heavy industries, construction, agriculture, livestock and household needs.
EU Gas Supply Security
Authors: Schröder Mirja
Published: October 2019

Analysing the geopolitical vision of EU external energy policy, exemplified by the Southern Gas Corridor (SGC), this study places emphasis on how geopolitical discourse and thinking have influenced EU policymaking. It starts from the dominant view that the Russia–Ukraine gas crises have caused energy security to be featured highly on the EU’s agenda. Accordingly, the European Commission has outlined different measures to ensure supply security, one of which is the diversification of routes and sources through the Caspian region. Taking up the conceptual perspective of critical geopolitics, the book analyses the European Commission’s geopolitical reasoning. It observes that the proposed policy solution of diversifying gas supply and routes through the SGC has turned into a publicly accepted narrative in Commission discourse.
Insolvenzzwecke in Deutschland und Frankreich
Authors: Merle Saskia Naomi
Published: October 2019

As a result of the recently announced restructuring and insolvency directive, the Europeanisation of bankruptcy law has reached a new peak. In view of this, there is an urgent need to discuss the law’s procedural purposes, as the EU member states’ national laws differ enormously in this respect. French law, for example, favours restructuring in many areas. In contrast, the German procedure primarily aims to satisfy creditors in equal measure, which appears indispensable in principle due to constitutional and European legal requirements. In the face of political ‘restructuring hype’, this comparative legal analysis also shows, however, to what extent a firm’s restructuring should be supported in German law and which paths would possibly be open for this undertaking. In this context, this study pays particular attention to pre-insolvency restructuring instruments within the parameters of the aforementioned directive.
Der Schutz geographischer Herkunftsangaben nach nationalem Recht neben der Verordnung (EU) Nr. 1151/2012
Authors: Markou Panagoula
Published: October 2019

Geographical indications of origin are gaining importance as a form of product labelling, not only in Germany but also internationally. At EU level, Regulation (EU) No. 1151/2012 aims to promote high-quality agricultural products. Their registration as a ‘protected designation of origin’ or a ‘protected geographical indication’ leads to a high level of legal protection. However, the common scope of this Regulation and the German domestic law regarding the protection of geographical indications of origin raises the question of the extent to which the domestic law remains applicable. In this work, the tension between the European and the German domestic law is examined and the borders of the applicability of domestic laws are established. This dissertation will appeal to academics and practitioners alike who are confronted with the question of whether the legal protection of indications of origin under German domestic law in the field of application of the European Regulation is possible.
The Role of the German Political Foundations in International Relations
Authors: Sieker Marianne
Published: October 2019

This study researches the international activities of German political foundations and their position within international relations theory. It juxtaposes the rationalist and constructivist approaches to the state and non-state relationship and the possible impact of transnational actors. The author uses a model of public diplomacy to systematically study the foundations’ transnational interaction processes. She integrates different public diplomacy approaches and assumes that public diplomacy occurs in a network environment. The study explores the foundations’ approaches to promoting democracy and managing conflict as collaborative or catalytic forms of public diplomacy. It conducts two case studies, one on the rule of law programme of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung in Southeast Europe and another on the activities of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung in Southern Thailand, by investigating those foundations’ strategies of ideational diffusion processes and networking, their soft power resources and their approaches to forming social relationships.
Perfil de sensibilidade microbiana in vitro de cepas de Escherichia coli e Klebsiella pneumoniae isoladas de queijo artesanal
Authors: Neres Liberta Lamarta Favoritto Garcia , Neres Júlio Cesar Ibiapina , Carvalho Aluísio Vasconcelos , Cerqueira Fernando Barnabé , Santana Drielly Lima , Pereira Thallya Alves , Kozusny-Andreani Dora Inês
Published: October 2019

No presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de queijos frescos e sua viabilidade comercial. Para tanto, foram avaliadas 80 amostras de queijos de diferentes produtores para confirmação de coliformes totais e termotolerantes. A partir das culturas positivas foram empregadas para identificação por correlação a aparência colonial, coloração de Gram y provas bioquímicas. Além disso, avaliou-se a sensibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro e o índice de resistência múltipla aos antimicrobianos. Em 97,5% das amostras foi confirmada a presença de Escherichia coli e em 2,5% foi identificada a existência de Klebsiella pneumoniae. As cepas de E. coli (84,8%) evidenciaram alta sensibilidade aos antibióticos, enquanto que 100 % das cepas de K. pneumoniae foram multirresitentes. Pelos resultados obtidos concluiu-se que os queijos apresentaram baixa qualidade microbiológica, deficiência das condições higiênico sanitárias, representando um risco potencial que este produto pode significar para a saúde pública.
Tangos escritos por mujeres: análisis de seis casos.
Authors: Gómez y Patiño María , Climent López Eugenio
Published: October 2019

Este trabajo aborda el estudio de una selección de tangos escritos por mujeres. A pesar del desconocimiento generalizado, la historia del tango ofrece destacables excepciones de textos escritos por mujeres, aunque bajo seudónimos en ocasiones, que permiten estudiar sus temas de preocupación e interés. Tras la presentación de algunas claves contextuales de tipo historiográfico y de geografía humana, en la primera mitad del siglo XX, se analizan seis tangos escritos por tres mujeres mediante análisis del discurso, cuyas claves discursivas permiten ver los contenidos emocionales, íntimos y profundos. Se analizan y comparan tanto el contenido como el continente de sus textos, cuyas conclusiones son reveladoras, pues la mayor parte de ellos pueden ser cantados tanto por hombres como por mujeres, dado que tocan temas universales.

This work deals with the study of a selection of tango texts written by women. Despite widespread ignorance, tango history offers remarkable exceptions of texts written by women, under pennames occasionally, which allow to know their worries and feelings, whose results are proved here. Some contextual clues of historiographic and human geography types are presented for the first half of 20th century. Six tangos are analyzed through discourse analysis whose discursive keys allow to see their emotional contents, intimacy and depth. Conclusions are revealing, as in most cases texts can be sung either by men or women, since they deal with universal themes.
“Al margen de la Corona. La emigración del clero regular a América en la Edad Moderna”, de Manuel Hernández González.
Authors: Casado Arboniés Manuel
Published: October 2019

Reseña de “Al margen de la Corona. La emigración del clero regular a América en la Edad Moderna”, de Manuel Hernández González.
ИНДИВИДУАЛИЗАЦИЈА НАСТАВЕ ГРАМАТИКЕ ПРИМЈЕНОМ ЗАДАТАКА НА ТРИ НИВОА СЛОЖЕНОСТИ
Authors: Брчкало Бранка , Пејић Душан
Published: October 2019

У савременој методици граматике афирмишу се нови методички системи,као што су: егземпларна настава, индивидуализована, програмирана, про-блемска настава и сл. Добро одабрани и правилно комбиновани наставни по-ступци помажу у интелектуализацији учења, увођењу и рјешавању проблема,увођењу у истраживачки рад, доприносе развоју креативности код ученика.Индивидуализована настава је такав методички систем који се темељи на ин-дивидуалним разликама међу појединцима. Индивидуализовати наставу значипомоћи ученицима да напредују према властитом темпу и могућностима. По-стоји више поступака индивидуализације наставе а овај рад бави се индивиду-ализацијом наставе граматике примјеном задатака на три нивоа сложености. Ураду се са дидактичко-методичког аспекта разјашњава појам индивидуализа-ције наставе и даје један од могућих модела примјене овог методичког системау настави граматике. За афирмацију ове врсте наставе и њено ближе одређењекористимо методу теоријске анализе и дескриптивну методу.
НА ПЕШТЕРУ ИЛИ НА ПЕШТЕРИ?
Authors: Вељковић Жарко Б. , Санадер Нина
Published: October 2019

Последњих година, на интернету и у средствима јавног информисања свесе више среће другачија промена назива висоравни Пештер – не Пештер, -а,него Пештер, -и, што значи и да је уобичајено Пештер м. одједаред Пештер ж.Назив висоравни Пештер јесте, нормативно, уобичајено мушког рода, али сеод 2000. године наовамо норма окреће томе да нормира Пештер ж. зато што јетo локална промена на самој висоравни Пештер. Норма књижевног језика, каошто је добро познато, у случају двоструких промена домаћих географских на-зива бира да нормира локалну промену, међутим, наша језичка норма није сеувек држала тог правила јер је пре знала да нормира нелокалне промене – несамо ово нелокално Пештер м., него и нелокално Пљевља, -аља ср. мн. и Биле-ћа, -е ж. Такође, норма је исправљала локалне облике и тамо где исправци, нилокално ни етимолошки, није било места – Reka у Rijeka, Осек у Osijek, Сврлиг уСврљиг, Кикевац у Ћићевац и Мирјево у Миријево. У оваквим случајевима старогогрешења језичке норме о локалну промену или облик, где су се на тај начиннелокална промена или погрешно исправљени облик више-мање уврежили,предлажемо системско решење – да норма врати локалну промену и локалниоблик системски, оформљавајући или не дублете са локалном променом, од-носно дублете са локалним обликом, при чему ће се препоручивати локалнапромена, односно инсистирати на локалном облику. Мислимо да исто таковаља системски поступати и са свим осталим сличним случајевима, али једна-ко и са случајевима где нормирање локалне промене није дало (значајнијег)резултата, као код Веле¯ж, -и ж., односно Кòтор-Вâрош, -а м.
КЊИЖЕВНО ДЕЛО БРАНИСЛАВА НУШИЋА У НАСТАВИ СРПСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА У ОСНОВНОЈ ШКОЛИ
Authors: Станковић Шошо Наташа Б.
Published: October 2019

У раду су сагледане наставне могућности проучавања Нушићевих књи-жевних остварења у функционалном повезивању са наставом српског језика уосновној школи. На репрезентативним примерима из једночинке Кирија, ро-мана Хајдуци и комедије Сумњиво лице наведени су практични примери разли-читих лексичких, језичко-стилских, правописних и семантичких вежбања, којасе могу реализовати на часовима обраде, обнављања и систематизације гради-ва у основној школи.
ЈЕВАНЂЕЉЕ И ЕПСКА КЊИЖЕВНОСТ
Authors: Бартула Владан
Published: October 2019

Јеванђељски текст је од самог свог постанка веома значајно утицаона разноврсне књижевне творевине, кроз различите временскеепохе и периоде, и тако постао кључни поетички чинилац многихумјетничких дјела. Од другог вијека, па надаље, на јеванђељу је, заједноса старозавјетним причама и античком митологијом, израстала европ-ска књижевност. О тим великим и oдлучујућим утицајима јеванђељскекњижевности на европску и свјетску литературу писало се много и отоме постоје велика књижевноисторијска и културолошка истражива-ња. Међутим, о везама библијске и јеванђељске књижевности са срп-ском народном епиком, није се озбиљније писало, осим у неколико чла-нака и радова. Књига свештеника Сава Јовића, Јеванђељски мотиви уепским народним песмама, објављена у Београду, 2017. године, у изда-вачкој кући Православна реч, код нас по први пут систематично и те-мељно испитује ову тему.
НАУЧНА КОНФЕРЕНЦИЈА СРПСКО ПИСАНО НАСЉЕЂЕ И ИСТОРИЈА СРЕДЊОВЈЕКОВНЕ БОСНЕ И ХУМА
Authors: Бартула Владан
Published: October 2019

У Андрићевом институту у Андрићграду у Вишеграду, 19. и 20.јуна 2017. године одржана је научна конференција под називомСрпско писано насљеђе и историја средњовјековне Босне и Хума.Организатори Конференције били су: Филолошки и Филозофски факул-тет Универзитета у Бањој Луци, Филозофски факултет УниверзитетаИсточно Сарајево, Друштво наставника српског језика и књижевностиРепублике Српске, Удружење историчара „Милорад Екмечић” те Ан-дрићев институт у Андрићграду. Ово је прва конференција оваквог типаи с оволиким бројем организатора одржана у Републици Српској наконзавршетка рата.
СВЕТИ САВА У ОГЛЕДАЛУ СРПСКОМ
Authors: Миличевић Давор
Published: October 2019

Истина по којој живи одређена заједница – било да је зовемо митом, предањемили завјетом – и сама је жива све док свака нова генерација својим искуством уче-ствује у њој. Без тог учешћа, предање се издваја у аутономну структуру смисла којаје независна од нашег искуства и која почиње да егзистира независно од наше осје-ћајности. У случају српске националне традиције темељно мјесто провјере живо-творности предања јесте лик Светог Саве. На то упућује праћење културолошкихтрансформација Савиног лика кроз историју и чињеница да је, упркос свим тимтрансформацијама, он успио да у колективној свијести народа остане упоришнатачка грађења и очувања српског идентитета. Снага Савиног лика почива на задово-љавању оног што је примарно у човјековом елементарном нагону за симболизаци-јом – потребе да у нечему ширем од себе нађе ослонац за духовну грађевину којуможе да дијели са другима – и у том смислу Свети Сава представља почетну тачкуцјелокупног националног предања. Одржавање или поновно успостављање органскевезе са националним предањем у нашем времену захтијева додатни напор духа –имагинативно учешће у специфично националној димензији предања која је најду-бље и најбоље сачувана у остварењима српског књижевног тока, од српске усменепоезије, преко Његоша и Радичевића, до врхунаца српске прозе и поезије 20. вијекау дјелима Кочића, Андрића, Нога, Бећковића.
ПОВЕЉА БАНА КУЛИНА (1189)
Authors: Никитовић Зорица
Published: October 2019

У ИМЕ ОЦА И СИНА И СВЕТОГА ДУХА. ЈА, БАН БОСАНСКИ КУЛИН, ЗАКЛИЊЕМ СЕТЕБИ, КНЕЖЕ КРВАШУ, И СВИМ ГРАЂАНИМА ДУБРОВЧАНИМА, [ДА ЋУ] ПРАВИ ПРИ-ЈАТЕЉ БИТИ ВАМА ОД САДА И ДОВИЈЕКА. И ДА ЋУ ПРАВИ МИР ДРЖАТИ С ВАМА ИПРАВУ ВЈЕРУ ДОКЛЕ САМ ЖИВ. СВИ ДУБРОВЧАНИ КОЈИ, ТРГУЈУЋИ, ИДУ МОЈОМ ЗЕМЉОМ[МОГУ СЕ] КРЕТАТИ КУДА ГОД ХОЋЕ С ИСКРЕНИМ ПОВЈЕРЕЊЕМ И ИСКРЕНИМ СРЦЕМ, БЕЗИКАКВЕ НАКНАДЕ, ОСИМ ШТО МИ КО ДА СВОЈОМ ВОЉОМ НА ПОКЛОН. И ДА ИМ НЕ БУДЕОД МОЈИХ ЦАРИНИКА НАСИЉА. И ДОК СУ КОД МЕНЕ, ДАЋУ ИМ САВЈЕТ И ПОМОЋ КАО ИСЕБИ КОЛИКО ЈЕ МОГУЋЕ, БЕЗ ИКАКВЕ ЗЛЕ ПРИМИСЛИ − ТАКО МИ, БОЖЕ, ПОМОЗИ И ОВОСВЕТО ЈЕВАНЂЕЉЕ.ЈА, РАДОЈЕ, ДИЈАК БАНОВ, ПИСАХ ОВУ КЊИГУ ПО БАНОВОЈ ЗАПОВИЈЕСТИ ОД РОЂЕЊАХРИСТОВА ХИЉАДУ И СТО ОСАМДЕСЕТ И ДЕВЕТЕ ГОДИНЕ, МЈЕСЕЦА АВГУСТА У ДВАДЕСЕТ ИДЕВЕТИ ДАН, НА УСЈЕКОВАЊЕ ГЛАВЕ ЈОВАНА КРСТИТЕЉА.
КОНФЕРЕНЦИЈА: СРПСКО ПИСАНО НАСЉЕЂЕ И ИСТОРИЈА СРЕДЊОВЈЕКОВНЕ БОСНЕ И ХУМА
Authors: . .
Published: October 2019

У организацији Филолошког и Филозофског факултетаУниверзитета у Бањој Луци, Филозофског факултета Универзитета уИсточном Сарајеву, Друштву наставника српског језика и књижевностиРепублике Српске у Требињу је 21-22. јуна 2019. године одржанадруга научна конференција Српско писано насљеђе и историјасредњовјековне Босне и Хума
Differences in tail feather growth rate in storm-petrels breeding in the Northern and Southern hemisphere: a ptilochronological approach
Authors: Ausems Anne N.M.A. , Wojczulanis-Jakubas Katarzyna , Jakubas Dariusz
Published: October 2019

Moulting and breeding are costly stages in the avian annual cycle and may impose trade-offs in energy allocation between both stages or in their timing. Here, we compared feather growth rates (FGR) of rectrices in adults between two pairs of small pelagic Procellariiformes species differing in moult-breeding strategies: the European storm-petrelHydrobates pelagicusand Leach’s storm-petrelOceanodroma leucorhoabreeding in the Northern Hemisphere (Faroe Islands), showing moult-breeding overlap in tail feathers; and the Wilson’s storm-petrelOceanites oceanicusand black-bellied storm-petrelFregetta tropica, breeding in the Southern Hemisphere (South Shetlands), temporally separating moult and breeding. We used ptilochronology (i.e., feather growth bar width) to reconstruct FGR reflecting relative energy availability during moult. Based on previous research, we expected positive correlations between feather length (FL) and FGR. Additionally, we expected to find differences in FGR relative to FL between the moult-breeding strategies, where a relatively higher FGR to FL indicates a higher energy availability for moult. To investigate if energy availability during moult in the studied species is similar to species from other avian orders, we used FGR and FL found in literature (n = 164) and this study. We fitted a phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) model to FGR with FL, group (i.e., Procellariiformes vs. non-Procellariiformes) and the interaction FL * group as predictors. As it has been suggested that Procellariiformes may form two growth bars per 24 h, we fitted the same model but with doubled FGR for Procellariiformes (PGLSadj). The group term was significant in the PGLS model, but was not in the PGLSadj model, confirming this suggestion. Individually predicted FGR by the PGLSadj model based on FL, showed that the Southern species have a significantly higher FGR relative to FL compared to the Northern species. Additionally, we found no correlation between FL and FGR in the Northern species, and a positive correlation between FL and FGR in the Southern species, suggesting differences in the trade-off between feather growth and size between species from both hemispheres. The observed differences between the Northern and Southern species may be caused by different moult-breeding strategies. The Southern species may have had more energy available for moult as they are free from breeding duties during moult, while the Northern species may have had less free energy due to a trade-off in energy allocation between breeding and moulting. Our study shows how different moult-breeding strategies may affect relative nutritional condition or energy allocation during moult of migratory pelagic seabirds.
Effects of soil pH and texture on soil carbon and nitrogen in soil profiles under different land uses in Mun River Basin, Northeast Thailand
Authors: Zhou Wenxiang , Han Guilin , Liu Man , Li Xiaoqiang
Published: October 2019

Soil carbon and nitrogen are essential factors for agricultural production and climate changes. A total of 106 soil samples from three agricultural lands (including two rice fields and one sugarcane field) and four non-agricultural lands (including two forest lands, one wasteland and one built-up land) in the Mun River Basin were collected to determine soil carbon, nitrogen, soil pH, soil particle sizes and explore the influence of pH and soil texture on soil C and N. The results show that total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TON) contents in topsoil (TOC: 2.78 ~ 18.83 g kg−1; TON: 0.48 ~ 2.05 g kg−1) are much higher than those in deep soil (TOC: 0.35 ~ 6.08 g kg−1; TON: <0.99 g kg−1). In topsoil, their contents of forest lands and croplands (TOC: average 15.37 g kg−1; TON: average 1.29 g kg−1) are higher than those of other land uses (TOC: average 5.28 g kg−1; TON: average 0.38 g kg−1). The pH values range from 4.2 to 6.1 in topsoil, and with increase in soil depth, they tend to increase and then decrease. Soil carbon, nitrogen and the C/N (TC/TN ratio) are negatively correlated with soil pH, demonstrating that relatively low pH benefits the accumulation of organic matter. Most soil samples are considered as sandy loam and silt loam from the percentages of clay, silt and sand. For soil profiles below 50 cm, the TOC and TON average contents of soil samples which contain more clay and silt are higher than those of other soil samples.
Revised Keys and Additions to the Australian Bryaceae (Bryopsida)
Authors: Spence John , Ramsay Helen P.
Published: October 2019

Revised keys to the Bryaceae flora of Australia and its offshore islands are presented, including new keys to genera and to species within each genus. Sixty named species and two undetermined taxa are included in the treatments. Leptostomopsis pulchra (Hook.) Ochyra & Bedn.-Ochyra is reported from near Melbourne, Victoria as a new genus and species to Australia. Notes on each species are included, and comparisons made with the closely similar Bryaceae of New Zealand.
A new species of Cololejeunea (Marchantiophyta, Lejeuneaceae) from New Zealand
Authors: Glenny David , Renner Matt
Published: October 2019

A new epiphyllic species of Cololejeunea has been found in New Zealand lowland forests, currently from only two sites in the North and South Islands. It has been found on the leaves of four tree species, the fronds of two fern species, and on one liverwort growing in mixed epiphyllous communities with other liverworts and epiphyllous lichens. Cololejeunea velutina is distinctive in its combination of patent, elliptical leaves, high leaf papillae, the presence of a filiform stylus up to eight elongated cells long at the base of every lobule, and lobules with two teeth, the first of which is moniliform comprising two or three cells. In the field the species has a characteristic velvety appearance, by which it can readily be distinguished from other epiphyllous Cololejeunea in New Zealand.
Apparent digestibility of amino acids in feedstuffs used in diets for the Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei
Authors: Villarreal-Cavazos David Alonso , Ricque-Marie Denis , Nieto-López Martha , Tapia-Salazar Mireya , Lemme Andreas , Gamboa-Delgado Julián , Cruz-Suárez Lucia Elizabeth
Published: October 2019

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) for dry matter, energy, crude protein (CP), and amino acids (AA) were evaluated for 4 feedstuffs used to feed juvenile white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei): fish meal (73.5% CP), potato protein concentrate (89.3% CP), brewer’s yeast (42.5% CP), and crustacean meal (47.2% CP). Experimental diets included 30% of the test ingredient and 69% of a commercial diet supplemented with 1% chromium oxide as inert marker. Amino acid contents in the ingredients, experimental diets, leached diets, and feces were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Nutrient loss in water was highest in the fishmeal diet (25%). The AA with the highest losses in water were lysine, methionine, and arginine (25%, 23%, and 21%, respectively). The ADC for dry matter oscillated between 79.2% and 90.6%, for CP between 78.1% and 91.8%, and for AA between 75.4% and 96.6%. In all cases the lower limit corresponded to the meal with potato protein concentrate and the upper limit to the crustacean meal. The ADC for energy fluctuated between 89.1% and 95.2%, with the lower limit for the crustacean meal and the upper limit for the meal with potato protein concentrate.
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) on Some Biochemical Parameters in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes Rats
Authors: Jiyil M. K. , Luka C. D. , Mafuyai C. E. , Pamela N.
Published: October 2019

Background: Appreciable number of medicinal plants are used for the treatment of diabetes in Nigeria.

Aim of the Study: The present study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic activity of Zingiber officinale extracts and its potential mechanisms in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Study Duration: The period of the study was done on 30th September, 2018 at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, university of Jos, Nigeria.

Methodology: Albino rats of Wistar strain weighing between 130 g to 160 g were induced with single freshly prepared streptozotocin (55 mg/kg body weight). Diabetes was confirmed after forty eight hours in streptozotocin -induced rats showing fasting blood glucose levels > 10 mmol/l. The rats were randomly divided into four (4) experimental groups (n = 4). A (Control diabetic group fed with normal feed), Group B (Normal control fed with normal feed), Group Group C (Diabetic rats treated with 400 mg/Kg body weight extract of ginger and Group D, (Diabetic rats are treated with 400 mg/Kg body weight of metformin). After 8 days the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemical and hematological analysis. Changes in the animal body weights were also measured within the period.

Results: From the results, it was observed that treatment of rats with extract of ginger compensates for the reduction of body weight, and caused an increase in the body weight of the treated rats (+11.5%) in contrast to 24.8% reduction observed in diabetic control. In the same order, serum glucose significantly decreased (p<0.05) after the 8-day treatment compared to diabetic control. The extent of reversal of hyperglycemia in the ginger extract treated animals compared well with the metformin treated group. The results, therefore, showed that ginger extract has a significant (p<0.05) hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats and moreover, elevations in the measured biochemical parameters were significantly (p<0.05) attenuated in rats treated with ginger extract.

Conclusion: Zingiber officinale extracts has a significant effect on some biochemical parameters and hematological assays. These provide scientific evidence to confirm the traditional use of Z. officinale in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Preliminary Investigations on the Health Benefits of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad Seeds
Authors: Olushola-Siedoks A. A. , Igbo U. E. , Asieba G. O. , Ojo B. I. , Akinola T. O. , Igwe C. C.
Published: October 2019

Aims: To evaluate the composition of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad seed as a means of assessing its health and possible therapeutic benefits.

Study Design:  Test-tube Lab Research.

Place and Duration of Study: Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Nigeria, between June 2018 and March 2019.

Methodology: Intact dehulled Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad seeds were analyzed for their proximate and elemental content using standard methods and atomic absorption spectroscopy, respectively. The seed oil was extracted with n-hexane via cold maceration and the extracted oil was analyzed for its physiochemical properties. The fatty acid profile was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results: The proximate analysis values were determined to be 6.51%, 51.46%, 21.62%, 13.26%, 3.76% and 3.39% for the moisture, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber, ash and total carbohydrate content respectively. Results of the elemental analysis show the seed contains; 3653.0322 mg/kg Na, 6639.7818 mg/kg K, 2329.0612 mg/kg Ca, 235.6057 mg/kg Fe, 5252.5884 mg/kg Mg, 27.9056 mg/kg Zn and 7.0068 mg/kg Pb. The predominant fatty acid detected with an area percentage of 20.31 was cis-11-octadecenoic acid. Other fatty acids detected include cis-9, cis-12-octadecadienoic acid, cis-9-octadecenoic, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid and icosanoic acid. Squalene, a biosynthetic precursor of cholesterol, was detected with an area percentage of 8.54.

Conclusion: The evaluation of the compositional data provided evidential support for its beneficial health impact particularly in regards to nutritional and cardio-vascular health.
Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis and Antifungal Susceptibility of Azardirachta indica against Some Strains of Candida albicans
Authors: Owoyale A. D. M. , Galadimma M. , Daniyan S. Y. , Adabara N.
Published: October 2019

This research work was focus on determining the quantitative phytochemical analysis and antifungal susceptibility of Azardirachta indica against some strains of Candida albicans. The leaves of Azardirachta indica was susccessively extracted using reflux method of extraction. Quantitative phytochemical screenings were done to determine the amounts of phytochemical that are present in the crude extracts. The result showed that the extract of Azardirachta indica (neem) possessed active principles which include: Alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols and tannin which were present in the crude extracts. The antifungal activity of the extracts was assayed against three different strains (P37005, RM1000 & SC5314) The antifungal susceptibility test of the crude extracts against the strains were determined at different concentrations of 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/ml using the  agar well diffusion method. The n- hexane and methanol crude extract showed inhibitory activity compared to that of ethyl acetate that had no inhibitory activity. The highest mean zone of inhibition (MZI) was 15.00±1.00 mm which was recorded for n-hexane leaf extract at a concentration of 100 mg/ml against strain RM1000 (isolate: S2). Although the standard antibiotics (Fluconazole) used in this study showed a much higher zone of inhibition than that of the n-hexane and methanol crude extract. The MIC and MFC value for n-hexane crude extracts were 12.5 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml respectively against strain P37005 (Isolate:S1)likewise, the n-hexane crude extract had a value of 6.25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml. However, the methanol crude extract showed a value of 6.25 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively against SC5314 (isolate:S3).
Genetic Manipulation and Product Shelf Life: Is There a Connection? A Developing World Perspective
Authors: Masarirambi Michael T. , Nxumalo Kwanele A. , Earnshaw Diana M. , Musi Patricia J. , Dlamini Bonginkhosi E.
Published: October 2019

Genetic manipulation of plants is the science where there is deliberate modification of the genetic make up of plants. Such plants are referred to as genetically modified (GM) organisms. The practice of genetic manipulation of organisms has been practiced since ancient times, it is only that nowadays there is use of advanced technologies. However there are critics of GM technologies which include organic farmers, religious groups, environmentalists, trade protectionists, some politicians, some naturalists and African traditionalists. Some of the fears pertain to potential toxicity, allergenicity, possible antibiotic resistance, carcinogenicity and possible genetic contamination of other crops and wild flora. Other concerns include possible creation of new viruses, restriction of seed availability and fear of the unknown. On the other hand there are benefits which may outweigh the disadvantages of GM technology. Benefits include improvement of shelf life of fruits and vegetables and their nutritional content. The aim of this study (review) was to explore the link between genetic manipulation and product shelf life of fruits and vegetables in a developing world perspective.
Fake products as an international trade issue: counterfeit of electronic articles / Produtos falsificados como uma questão de comércio internacional: falsificação de artigos eletrônicos
Authors: Sichel Ricardo Luiz
Published: October 2019

The following paper analyses the impact of counterfeit electronic products, especially considering its impactat the international trade. It has an impact on national security policies, but also on the value of the company’sasset. There are certain measures that could be undertaken in order to inhibit this form of illegal activity, butits implementation can’t be limited to the national level; it has to be a consequence of an international effort toprevent the commerce of this kind of products. If it is only considered at a national level, those kind of policiesare faded not work, because the counterfeit business plays an important role at a multinational scale. It financesmuch kind of illegal activities and act in different forms, including stablished companies in many countries,which try to enable a certain form of legal trade. This paper also considers the consequence of buying illegalelectronic products, including its spare parts and how they affect its working, including its guarantee. It isnot just a question of using an inappropriate product, but also the possibility of damaging the user’s physicalintegrity.
Fashion industry, innovation and intellectual property / Indústria da moda, inovação e propriedade intelectual
Authors: Basso Maristela
Published: October 2019

Bearing in mind the absence of specific legal norm on “fashion design” and the lack of expertise of ourjudges, Brazilian courts have recognized some degree of protection for designs granted by the fashion industry.They do not deny protection, as the North Americans who exclude the utilitarian aspects, nor even declarerights as vast as in French law. The trend of the judged in Brazil is in an intermediate position. That is, they aimto encourage innovation, on the one hand, and on the other, limit copying, requiring incremental elements toprovide protection.
Atuação do Ministério Público no Processo Civil em Lides Envolvendo Marcas e Patentes
Authors: Silva Celso De Albuquerque
Published: October 2019

O Ministério Público Brasileiro foi concebido na constituição brasileira como uma instituição permanente que tem por atribuições a defesa da ordem jurídica, do regime democrático e dos direitos sociais e individuais indisponíveis. O presente artigo busca analisar a intervenção do Ministério Público nas ações envolvendo marcas e patentes relacionando essa atuação na qualidade de custos legis com a missão outorgada de defensor da sociedade
The iron–sulfur‐containing HypC‐HypD scaffold complex of the [NiFe]‐hydrogenase maturation machinery is an ATPase
Authors: Nutschan Kerstin , Golbik Ralph P. , Sawers R. Gary
Published: October 2019

HypD and HypC, or its paralogue HybG in Escherichia coli, form the core of the scaffold complex that synthesizes the Fe(CN)2CO component of the bimetallic NiFe‐cofactor of [NiFe]‐hydrogenase. We show here that purified HypC‐HypD and HybG‐HypD complexes catalyse hydrolysis of ATP to ADP (kcat ≅ 0.85·s−1); the ATPase activity of the individual proteins was between 5‐ and 10‐fold lower than that of the complex. Pre‐incubation of HypD with ATP was necessary to restore full activity upon addition of HybG. The conserved Cys41 residue on HypD was essential for full ATPase activity of the complex. Together, our data suggest that HypD undergoes ATP‐dependent conformational activation to facilitate complex assembly in preparation for substrate reduction.
Ageing and the Brain
Authors: Raz Naftali
Published: October 2019

Anatomical, neurochemical and functional properties of the mammalian brain change with age, and the trajectories of ageing are modified by many genetic and environmental risk factors, including lifestyle variables. Age‐related changes do not reflect a specific cellular program, but fundamental changes precipitating intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species and diminishing energy production may underlie age‐related deterioration of the brain structure and information processing properties. The latter has been hypothesised to bring about differential declines in cognitive functions that rely on processing of information of high novelty and low redundancy. These hypotheses are summarised in a Free‐Radical‐Induced Energetic and Neural Declines in Senescence (FRIENDS) model, some components of which have been demonstrated in longitudinal studies, while others can be inferred from cross‐sectional and postmortem investigations. The major obstacle to understanding brain ageing and its role in cognitive change remains the dearth of multi‐occasion longitudinal studies of the relevant constructs.

Key Concepts

Brain is a disproportional consumer of energy, which is necessary for maintaining its information processing machinery.

Energy crisis originating in mitochondrial dysfunction and causing further deterioration of the cellular machinery unfolds in time and thus promotes brain ageing.

Decline in metabolic, and vascular properties of the brain is precipitated by energy deficit and drives declines in multiple brain properties.

Brain shrinks with age, with key regions implicated in cognitive processing evidencing faster declines in comparison to sensory cortices.

Energy intensive functions, such as myelin maintenance and synaptogenesis, may be particularly vulnerable to ageing.

Age‐related declines are accelerated by genetic variants linked to vascular disease and inflammation as well as environmental pollution, stress and sedentary lifestyle.

Changes in iron homeostasis may precipitate structural brain changes.

When individual differences in age‐related cognitive changes are observed, they are coupled with alterations in brain structure and function.

Age‐related brain deterioration appears less pronounced in persons with high baseline cognitive performance.

Boosting cognitive performance and promoting active lifestyle as well as combatting pro‐inflammatory and metabolic risk factors may help to improve brain maintenance and mitigate age‐related declines.
D
esulfobacula
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: October 2019

De.sul.fo.ba'cu.la. L. pref.
de
from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
sulfur; L. dim. fem. n.
bacula
a small berry; N.L. fem. n.
Desulfobacula
, sulfate‐reducing small berry.

Proteobacteria / Deltaproteobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfobacteraceae / Desulfobacula

Oval to sometimes coccoid or slightly curved cells, 1.2–1.5 × 1.2–3.0 µm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Motility may occur. Strict anaerobes with a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs, using toluene, other aromatic compounds, and a number of low‐molecular‐weight aliphatic acids and alcohols as electron donors and also as carbon sources; these compounds are completely oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Sulfate and other oxidized sulfur compounds serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Mesophilic. Optimal growth temperature is 28°C. Anoxic media (with sulfide as a reductant) containing NaCl, MgCl
2
, and vitamins are necessary for the growth of the type species. Occur in anoxic marine sediments that are rich in organic compounds.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 41.3–41.4 (genome).

Type species
:
Desulfobacula toluolica
Rabus, Nordhaus, Ludwig and Widdel 2000, 1415
VP
(Effective publication: Rabus, Nordhaus, Ludwig and Widdel 1993, 1450).
D
esulfocella
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: October 2019

De.sul.fo.cel'la. L. pref.
de
from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
sulfur; L. fem. n.
cella
small room, cell; N.L. fem. n.
Desulfocella
sulfate‐reducing cell.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulforegulaceae / Desulfocella

Vibrio‐shaped cells, 0.5–0.7 µm × 2–4 µm. Motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Gram‐stain‐negative. Do not form spores. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs, using C
4
–C
16
straight‐chain fatty acids as carbon sources and electron donors; these are incompletely oxidized to acetate. Sulfate serves as terminal electron acceptor and is reduced to H
2
S. No fermentative growth. Mesophilic. Neutrophilic. NaCl is required for growth. Vitamins are not required, but growth is stimulated by yeast extract. Media containing a reductant are necessary for growth. The genus
Desulfocella
contains one described species.
Desulfocella
species occur in anoxic hypersaline, thalassohaline sediments of salt lakes and marine sediments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 35 (LC).

Type species
:
Desulfocella halophila
Brandt, Patel and Ingvorsen 1999, 199
VP
.
D
esulfotignum
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: October 2019

De.sul.fo.tig'num. L. pref.
de
, from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
, sulfur; L. neut. n.
tignum
, stick; N.L. neut. n.
Desulfotignum
, sulfate‐reducing stick.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfobacteraceae / Desulfotignum

Rod‐shaped, sometimes slightly curved, cells, 0.5–1.0 µm × 1.4–4 µm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Motility might occur. Strictly anaerobic, having both a respiratory and a fermentative type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotroph or chemolithoautotroph. Formate, acetate, butyrate, higher fatty acids, other organic acids, alcohols, and benzoate or similar aromatic compounds are used as carbon sources and also as electron donors for anaerobic respiration; these compounds are completely oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Chemolithoautotrophic growth occurs with H
2
as the electron donor and CO
2
as the carbon source using the same pathway for acetyl‐CoA formation. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. In the absence of an external electron acceptor, slow growth occurs by fermentation of pyruvate. Media containing vitamins, a reductant, and not less than 10 g NaCl/l are necessary for growth. Mesophilic. The genus
Desulfotignum
contains three described species. Occur in anoxic parts of brackish and marine habitats.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 51.2–52.0 (genome, LC).

Type species
:
Desulfotignum balticum
Kuever, Könneke, Galushko and Drzyzga 2001, 176
VP
.