bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АРГУМЕНТНА СТРУКТУРА НА НЯКОИ ДВОЙКИ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ПРЕДИКАТИ И ПРЕДИКАТИВИ / ARGUMENT STRUCTURE OF SOME PAIRS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PREDICATES AND PREDICATIVES
Authors: DZHONOVA MARINA , TISHEVA YOVKA
Published: August 2022

The main topic of this study is the syntactic realization of the arguments of the predicates радвам (to rejoice; make someone glad) and радвам се (to be glad) and the predicative constructions expressing positive emotion (joy) in Bulgarian. Verbs, adjectives and adverbs denoting emotions, also known as physiological verbs or psych predicates, obligatorily assign the semantic role of experiencer to one of their arguments. The comparison between verbal predicates and predicative constructions demonstrates the differences concerning the type of argument expression (as a direct or an indirect object), the prepositions that introduce indirect object phrases, explicit and null subject realizations and the syntactic marking of semantic roles.
Keywords: emotional predicates, psychological verbs, complements, experiencer
НУЛЕВ ПОДЛОГ И НУЛЕВО ДОПЪЛНЕНИЕ В РУСКИТЕ ПОДЧИНЕНИ ИЗРЕЧЕНИЯ – ЕЛИПСА, НУЛЕВО МЕСТОИМЕНИЕ ИЛИ PRO? / ZERO SUBJECT AND ZERO OBJECT IN RUSSIAN EMBEDDED CLAUSES – AN ELLIPSIS, A ZERO PRONOUN OR A PRO?
Authors: LETUCHIY ALEXANDER
Published: August 2022

The article focuses on contexts where the subject or the object is left unexpressed. The question is how to qualify these argument zeros: whether they resemble ellipsis, a zero pronoun or PRO of nonfinite forms. I check their behavior against several criteria: types of clauses they are compatible with; possibility of distant use; (non)obligatoriness of the zero expression; requirement of grammatical identity of two realizations, and so on. I conclude that, though the two types of zero arguments are not independent from each other, they show different properties. In fact, the zero object and the zero subject remain ellipsis in different respects: pro shares with ellipsis the identity requirement and the rarity of distant uses, while zero objects have in common with ellipsis the possibility for the argument to be expressed and the restrictiveness in the choice of the clause type. Importantly, some contexts of zero subject and object use do not fall under one of the major free types: for instance, here belongs syntactic doubling, which is most similar to PRO, but used in a finite construction.
Keywords: PRO, pro, ellipsis, subject, object, distant interpretation, subordinate clauses, syntactic doubling
Stress response of the coral Stylophora pistillata towards possible anthropogenic impacts in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea
Authors:   School of Basic and Marine Sciences, The University of Jordan, Aqaba, Jordan, Al-Horani Fuad A. , Al-Talafhah Sewar T. ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan, Kteifan Maysoon ,   Marine Science Station, Aqaba, Jordan, Hussein Emad I. ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
Published: August 2022

Coral deterioration is often linked with coastal pollution. This aimed to study biochemical stress responses in the common coral Stylophora pistillata collected and/or planted in coastal sites subject to pollution and sites without pollution in the Gulf of Aqaba. DNA damage and lipid peroxidation were analyzed to measure stress in corals. High DNA damage was found in natural corals from polluted sites, while higher lipid peroxidation was found in control site compared with polluted sites. Lipid peroxidation was higher in polluted sites after one-year of deployment. Corals’ incubations with copper and lead produced high levels of DNA damage and lipid peroxidation compared with control samples. The results suggested that although corals are visually looking healthy, but they are suffering at subcellular levels. The consequences of such stress might affect the fecundity and growth rates of corals. The results suggest that biomarkers used are efficient tools for early stress detection in corals, though the cost of assessing DNA damage is relatively expensive compared with lipid peroxidation.
Congruent Assessment of human hypoglycemic effect through STZ-Induced Diabetic rats fed Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) milk
Authors:   Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, PO Box 5969, Safat (13060), Kuwait, Baker Sirar A. , Al-Saffar Amal M. ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, PO Box 5969, Safat (13060), Kuwait, Al-Sughayer Mona A. ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, PO Box 5969, Safat (13060), Kuwait
Published: August 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a heterogeneous metabolic disorder, affect people at any point of their lives. Globally, a wide variation in the prevalence of diabetes was observed but, showed zero percent within people that regularly consume camel milk because of their highly nutritional and therapeutic potentials to treat many metabolic and autoimmune diseases. The present study validated the efficacy of camel milk by investigating the differential hypoglycemic effects in concurrence with related biochemical tests in rats fed with raw and pasteurized milk of the one-humped Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (60mg.Kg-1 body weight) fed separately with raw and pasteurized camel milk for three weeks and injected with streptozotocin induced DM besides the investigation on the levels of blood glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), and insulin. Results showed a significant hypoglycemic effect with both raw and pasteurized camel milk but, more prominent with the raw milk. Three weeks consumption of raw camel milk significantly increased blood cholesterol levels while consumption of pasteurized camel milk caused the reverse. Both types of camel milk revealed significant decrease in the blood TAG levels and were statistically validated. Thus, the present study recommends the choice of camel milk consumption especially in diabetic patients as well, as an immunity booster in the wake of the present environmental health issues.
On weighted noncorona graphs with property R and −SR
Authors:   University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, Ahmad Uzma , Hameed Saira ,   University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, Akhter Sadia ,   University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Published: August 2022

Let Gw be a simple weighted graph with adjacency matrix A(Gw). The set of all eigenvalues of A(Gw) is called the spectrum of weighted graph Gw denoted by σ(Gw). The reciprocal eigenvalue property (or property R) for a connected weighted nonsingular graph Gw is defined as, if η ∈ σ(Gw) then 1 η ∈ σ(Gw). Further, if η and 1 η have the same multiplicities for each η ∈ σ(Gw) then this graph is said to have strong reciprocal eigenvalue property (or property SR). Similarly, a connected weighted nonsingular graph Gw is said to have anti-reciprocal eigenvalue property (or property −R) if η ∈ σ(Gw) then −1 η ∈ σ(Gw). Furthermore, if η and −1 η have the same multiplicities for each η ∈ σ(Gw) then strong anti-reciprocal eigenvalue property (or property −SR) holds for the weighted graph Gw. In this article, classes of weighted noncorona graphs satisfying property R and property −SR are studied.
The Effect of Mixing Nanoparticles on the Suspension Physical Stability
Authors:   Mustansiriyah University - College of Science – Physics Department- Baghdad/Iraq, Kareem Fairooz Faeq , Saeed Asrar Abdulmunem ,   Mustansiriyah University - College of Science – Physics Department- Baghdad/Iraq, Al- Kadhemy Mahasin F. Hadi ,   Mustansiriyah University - College of Science – Physics Department- Baghdad/Iraq, Kadhum Farah Jawad ,   Mustansiriyah University - College of Science – Physics Department- Baghdad/Iraq
Published: August 2022

Energy transfer in a hybrid mixture of Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) dye laser as a donor and nanoparticles (NPs) as an acceptor were studied. The absorption spectra of 1×10-5M of Rh6G in Distilled Water show increase in the intensity when adding NPs. noticeable, improve the spectra when adding Aluminum Oxide Al2O3 NPs. Adding NPs quench the fluorescence spectra of Rh6G due to Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The efficiency of energy transfer increase with increasing concentration of NPs. Best value of efficiency of energy transfer found in Rh6G/ Magnesium Oxide MgO NPs. Strong relationship was in Rh6G/ Al2O3 NPs.
Stimulatory effect of medium components on phytase production by Aspergillus niger and biotechnological application as a poultry feed additive
Authors:   Department of Botany, Government College University, Katchery Road, Lahore-54000, Pakistan, Mahmood Shahzad , Shahid Memuna G. ,   Department of Botany, Government College University, Katchery Road, Lahore-54000, Pakistan, Nadeem Muhammad ,   Food and Biotechnology Research Centre (FBRC), Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore-54600, Pakistan, Ahmad Muhammad S. A. ,   Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, University Road Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan, Irfan Muhammad ,   Departmentof Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
Published: August 2022

The present study was conducted for the phytase production using solid-state fermentation (SSF) by Aspergillus niger. Optimization of various medium components was carried out for better production of phytase. Maximum enzyme activity (265 IU/g) was obtained, when the fungus was grown in the optimized culture medium containing glucose (1%), NH4NO3 (0.5%), FeSO4.7H2O (0.1%), KCl (0.1%), and MgSO4.7H2O (0.1%) at 35 °C after 5 days of incubation time with pH 6.Then phytase was supplemented as a poultry feed additive and given to broiler chickens during a feeding trial of 5 weeks. For this purpose, the birds of the control group (T0) were fed on a basal diet without external phytase, whereas, the birds of the experimental group (T3) were given basal feed + 3000 IU Phytase per Kg diet. The results exhibited that there was an improvement in the body weight gain (BWG) of chicks i.e. 1903 g-2090 g for the control group (T0) and experimental group (T3), respectively. The current study thus indicated the affectivity of phytase as a supplement in the broilers diet for better growth performance and recommended its use as an efficient additive in poultry feed formulation.
An optimal fourth-order second derivative free iterative method for nonlinear scientific equations
Authors:   Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan, Nadeem Ghulam Akbar , Aslam Waqas ,   Government College for Elementary Teachers, Rangeelpur Multan, Pakistan, Ali Faisal ,   Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
Published: August 2022

In the present paper, we develop an efficient second derivative free two-step optimal fourth-order iterative method for nonlinear equations. We explore the convergence criteria of the proposed method and also exhibit its validity and efficiency by considering some test problems. We present both numerical as well as graphical comparisons. Further, the dynamical behavior of the proposed method is explored.
Thermo-mechanical fedamo based calculations of hea (Fe-Ni-Cx (X=0.3-0.5) ternary alloys system using Calphad method
Authors:   Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Bannu, 28100, KPK, Pakistan, Shah Waseem Ullah , khan Dil Faraz ,   Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Bannu, 28100, KPK, Pakistan, yin Haiqing ,   Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Bannu, 28100, KPK, Pakistan
Published: August 2022

The given research shows the thermodynamic analysis and calculation of the basic thermal properties of the high entropy alloy Fe-Ni-Cx (x=0.3-0.5) of concentration. The system is investigated through Thermo-calc package with FEDAT databases and Calphad method. The evaluation of interactions is found maximum at 0.04070 J/m2 in the Fe-Ni-C ternary alloy system. The FCC_A1 phase is found the phase associated with highest molar volume in the Fe- Ni-Cx (x=0.3-0.5) ternary alloy system. The phase FCC_A1 is having austenite coordination with increasing density and apparent heat capacity. The temperature variation results the composite phases to be disappears with required level. The system is found highest apparent heat capacity 0.39269 j/mol. The density of phases becomes constant and it indicates the rare temperature withstanding phases. The fluctuations in the density of phases are changing with temperature as a result of phase’s nature and stability. The better magnetic properties are found for Basic centered cubic structure with highest interfacial energy. The alloy shows better magnet ic coordination and thermodynamic properties enhancement for further analysis.
Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. fruit juice and peel extract mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and their applications as antimicrobial agents and plant growth enhancers
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, The Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati-781035, India, Das Indukalpa , Sonowal Abhijit ,   Department of Biotechnology, The Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati-781035, India, Gogoi Bhaskarjyoti ,   Department of Biotechnology, The Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati-781035, India, Sharma Bidisha ,   Department of Botany, Cotton College State University, Guwahati- 781001, India, Patowary Kaustuvmani ,   Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati; Present address: University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya-793101, Borah Debajit ,   Department of Biotechnology, The Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati-781035, India
Published: August 2022

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NP) has emerged as a recent trend in green chemistry. However, their potential in the field of agriculture is yet underexplored. In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesized by using the fruit juice and peel extract of Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. as a reducing and capping agent. The nano-primed seeds of Zea mays, Glycine max, and Cicer arietinum showed enhanced germination rate up to 90% as compared to the respective control (30-60%) and also enhanced plant growth. The HRTEM images of fruit-mediated Ag NPs showed well-dispersed particles. The XRD diffraction pattern confirmed the crystalline nature of Ag NPs with fcc lattice points of 101, 111, 200, 220, and 311 with an average crystal size of 19.1275±1.73 nm. On the other hand, the peel-mediated Ag NPs exhibited a size range of 10-20 nm with average crystal size of 19.09±1.71 nm. The FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of ʋC=C-H, ʋCH2, ʋC=O (stretch), ʋC=C (stretch), ʋC-H (bend), ʋC-O (bend) in the Ag NPs synthesized by the fruit and peel extract. The Ag NPs also showed potential antimicrobial effects against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumonia).
An Efficient Synthesis of N'',N'''-Bis[(E)-phenylmethylidene]carbonic Dihydrazide Derivatives and Their Evaluation as α-Chymotrypsin Inhibitors
Authors:   Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan, Iqbal Sarosh , Abrar Shazia ,   Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan, Mukhtar Asma ,   Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore-54792, Lahore, Pakistan, Ahmad Irfan ,   Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan, Khan Muhammad Zawar ,   Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Published: August 2022

N'',N'''-Bis[(E)-phenylmethylidene]carbonic dihydrazide, azotic ligands with lone electron pairs, have wide range of applications in catalysis, medicine, corrosion, and analytical chemistry. Keeping this broad range of applications in view, we have developed a new green method for the rapid synthesis of N'',N'''-Bis[(E)-phenylmethylidene]carbonic dihydrazide and its derivatives. By using a new protocol, a range of carbonic dihydrazides 1-22 has been synthesized in excellent yields. All synthesized compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, 1H-NMR, EI-MS and HR-MS. These carbonic dihydrazides have also been synthesized via conventional method. On comparisons of new and conventional methods, it is evident that newly developed solvent-free method is more proficient, high yielding, and simple. As protease inhibitors are known to inhibit not only proliferation of cancer cell lines but also to cure hepatitis C virus and HIV aids infections, therefore, all purified and characterized compounds have also been evaluated for their potential to act as in vitro α-chymotrypsin (an enzyme belongs to protease family) inhibitors. Among tested compounds, ten compounds have shown varying degree of α-chymotrypsin inhibition potential.
Mathematical Modelling and Analysis of Temperature Effects in NEMS Based Bi-Metallic Cantilever for Molecular Biosensing Applications
Authors:   Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry, India, Katta Miranji , R Sandanalakshmi ,   Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry, India
Published: August 2022

As Lab-on-Chip platforms with micro-and nano-dimensions evolve biosensors using miniaturized and high-sensitivity cantilevers are becoming more attractive. Although these sensors function in non-isothermal situations, computational mathematics generally ignores the temperature. Conversely, biosensor cannot be designed with a single-layered cantilever. Yet, in Nano-Electro- Mechanical-Systems, the influence of temperature is more likely to be dominant since the surfaceto- volume ratio is higher. In the context of this conclusion, the mathematical modelling comprises temperature and the associated material attributes. This work presents a simple and direct analytical technique for analysing the control of bimetallic cantilevers with NEMS-based sensing and actuation mechanisms. Methodological techniques were used to develop and solve some wellknown models of mathematical equations. Parametric analysis data is a major factor in the functioning of all of the other works studied. The findings of FEA comparisons and experiments reveal that the mathematical model's predictions are more than 20% correct.
Counselling Needs Assessment of Students of WA Polytechnic in The Upper West Region, Ghana
Authors: Abubakar Ayamba Iddrisu , Gyeyir Felicio Timyang , Adangabe Amos Amuribadek
Published: August 2022

Individuals may seek counselling for various reasons, however, whatever the reason may be,  clients seek counselling in order to be able to address certain issues they may be faced in their  lives. The study is about the counselling needs of students in the Polytechnic in the Wa  Municipality. The data was analysed using both descriptive (frequencies and percentages) and  inferential statistics (Independent t-test and One-Way ANOVA). The findings revealed that, there  were significant differences in age concerning students’ ratings and needs for guidance and  counselling in services. The study revealed that, students needed guidance and counselling as there  were challenged in terms of time allocation problems, inability to discuss with lecturers about their  problems, coping with workload issues as well as struggling to meet deadlines. Due to the absence  of guidance and counselling services, the results of the study led the researchers to the conclusion  that students attending Wa Polytechnic were facing a number of challenges that need answers in  order to be resolved. Based on the findings and conclusion drawn from the study is recommended  that the defunct guidance and counselling unit should be revived and properly resourced for  students to benefit from it.
The U.S. war crimes in Afghanistan
Authors:   Asia Social Science Academy, Barrech Dost Muhammad , Khetran Mir Sher Baz
Published: August 2022

The incident of 9/11, by and large, brought great changes in international politics. The US-led War on Terror (WOT) against the culprits involved in the 9/11 incidents caused irreparable damage to Afghanistan. Surprisingly, none of the perpetrators involved in 9/11 belonged to Afghanistan nor did the attacker Al-Qaeda have any genesis with the people of Afghanistan. The price Afghanistan paid in WOT is unimaginable that can never be compensated. Over the last two decades, the US-led war witnessed colossal war crimes of the people of Afghanistan. The country saw growing war crimes committed by the U.S. forces in the shape of the killing of innocent civilians, women rapes, abductions of innocent people, massacring of masses by drone strikes. The invasion of Afghanistan according to many experts was a geo-strategic move of the US in a bid to accelerate its presence in the region and to counter growing Chinese and Russian influence, keeping closed eyes on Pakistan nuclear assets. Having squandered twenty years, the US neither eliminated terrorism nor Taliban. Instead, Washington inked Doha agreement with the hardcore Taliban who are unfit and inexperienced to rule the country are expected to be espousing the U.S. trajectory in committing further war crimes. This paper, thus, will examine the US war crimes in war-torn Afghanistan in the last two decades.
Ruxolitinib (Jakavi)
Authors: CADTH
Published: August 2022

CADTH recommends that Jakavi should be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) if certain conditions are met.

Jakavi should only be covered to treat patients aged 12 years and older who did not show an adequate response to corticosteroids or other systemic treatments.

Jakavi should only be reimbursed if prescribed by specialists who have experience in the diagnosis and management of patients with cGvHD, and the cost of Jakavi is reduced.
No Midge, No NAS: A Tribute to Midge Decter
Authors: Balch Steven
Published: August 2022

Among the many intellectual luminaries who helped birth the National Association of Scholars, Midge Decter was “The One.”
Critical Race Theory in Six Logical Fallacies
Authors: Groothuis Douglas
Published: August 2022

Logical fallacies, according to philosopher Douglas Groothius, “are the bane of critical thinking.” Ironic, then, that Critical Race Theory is full of them.
Méthodes du Web sémantique pour l’intégration de données en sciences de la vie
Authors: DAMERON Olivier
Published: August 2022

Les données en sciences de la vie sont massives, hétérogènes, compliquées et complexes. L'enjeu est d'en automatiser le traitement afin de le rendre systématique, ce qui nécessite à la fois intégration (data engineering) et méthodes d'analyse (data science). Ce chapitre montre comment le Web Sémantique offre une solution générique adoptée à large échelle par la communauté bioinformatique.
Manger ensemble pour mieux manger. Quelle mise en pratique ?
Authors: DYEN Margot , SIRIEIX Lucie
Published: August 2022

Le Plan National Nutrition Santé (PNNS) reconnaît les bienfaits du « manger ensemble », gage d’une alimentation plus saine et de meilleure qualité nutritionnelle. Ce chapitre présente les résultats d’une étude qui explore les conditions de mise en œuvre de la pratique « manger en compagnie », en termes de conditions matérielles, de significations et de compétences.
Manger ensemble grâce à Internet : le cas des communautés en ligne de soutien à la perte de poids
Authors: GALLIN Steffie , BALBO Laurie , LICHTLÉ Marie-Christine
Published: August 2022

De nombreuses communautés en ligne se sont constituées autour du partage de pratiques et de convictions alimentaires. Ce chapitre a pour objectif de montrer en quoi les utilisateurs de ces communautés « mangent ensemble » en partageant des recettes, des photos des plats qu’ils ont réalisés ou encore des conseils et astuces en nutrition, participant ainsi à la diversification alimentaire.
Rente foncière et modèle centre-périphérie
Authors: PUMAIN Denise
Published: August 2022

La plupart des villes montrent des inégalités internes résumées par des écarts importants de prix du sol. Le chapitre rappelle les théories expliquant la rente foncière et ses expressions spatiales (modèle centre-périphérie et concept de champ urbain), avec leurs principales variantes dans le monde. La finance internationale intervient de plus en plus dans le processus de formation des prix.
Des migrants dans et entre les villes du monde
Authors: CHOPLIN Armelle , PLIEZ Olivier , MISSAOUI Hasnia-Sonia
Published: August 2022

Les flux migratoires sont un des reflets des inégalités dans le monde, entre Nord et Sud, entre les villes elles-mêmes et au sein de celles-ci. Ce sont ces liens que nous proposons d’explorer pour comprendre comment les migrants façonnent les villes, mettent en lumière et parfois aussi renforcent les inégalités à l’échelle mondiale, inter et intra-urbaine.
Arbres : combinatoire et modèles
Authors: DIDIER Gilles , GUINDON Stéphane
Published: August 2022

L'évolution d'un groupe d'espèces est représentée sous la forme d'un arbre où chaque embranchement correspond à la création d'une nouvelle espèce. On entend ici par « arbre », l'objet formel dont l'étude relève des mathématiques et de l'informatique. Ce chapitre présente les principales propriétés des arbres formels, quelques résultats de dénombrement ainsi que deux processus mathématiques régulièrement utilisés pour modéliser les arbres évolutifs.
Modèles d’évolution pour les séquences et les caractères discrets
Authors: PARDOUX Étienne
Published: August 2022

Un modèle d'évolution permet d'associer une probabilité à l'évènement « passer de l'état A à l'état B en un temps donné » pour le caractère d'intérêt. Le calcul des arbres d'évolution repose pour l'essentiel sur des modèles d'évolution de séquences génétiques, où le caractère d'intérêt est le nucléotide ou l'acide aminé présent à un site donné. Ce chapitre présente les modèles de Markov en temps continu qui sont à la base des principaux modèles d’évolution de séquences et de caractères discrets.
Évolution corrélée : modèles et méthodes
Authors: ACHAZ Guillaume , Y. DUTHEIL Julien
Published: August 2022

Les différents caractères portés par les espèces évoluent simultanément au cours du temps. « Caractère » est pris ici au sens large : il peut s'agir de traits quantitatifs, comme la taille ou le poids, ou de traits discrets, comme les nucléotides présents en différents sites d'une macromolécule. Étudier le niveau de dépendance entre l'évolution de plusieurs caractères a motivé le développement d'approches spécifiques selon leurs types.
Un siècle de réarrangements génomiques
Authors: BERGERON Anne , M. SWENSON Krister
Published: August 2022

L'évolution moléculaire se manifeste à différentes échelles au sein des génomes. Une de ses expressions les plus spectaculaires est le réarrangement de gènes, un phénomène évolutif par lequel sont modifiés la composition en gènes des chromosomes ou l'ordre dans lequel ces gènes apparaissent. Le développement d'algorithmes sophistiqués est nécessaire pour comprendre les réarrangements qui se sont produits au cours de l'évolution.
Inférence phylogénétique : méthodes basées sur les distances
Authors: PARDI Fabio
Published: August 2022

Une approche intuitive pour reconstruire les arbres évolutifs consiste à regrouper les espèces ou les séquences génétiques selon leur ressemblance. Différentes méthodes formelles ont été développées afin de déterminer un arbre phylogénétique à partir d'une mesure de dissimilarité. Celles-ci ont l'avantage d'être beaucoup plus rapides que les méthodes basées sur des modèles d'évolution et sont donc couramment utilisées.
Le paradigme bayésien en phylogénie moléculaire
Authors: RODRIGUE Nicolas
Published: August 2022

L'inférence phylogénétique par l'approche bayésienne vise à reconstruire la distribution de probabilité d'un modèle approximant le processus évolutif qui génère les données. Ces distributions sont très informatives et permettent de comparer différentes hypothèses sur les mécanismes de l'évolution. Leur reconstruction repose sur des algorithmes et autres méthodes d'échantillonnage probabiliste astucieux.
Méthodes hybrides en vibro-acoustique des structures immergées
Authors: MEYER Valentin , MAXIT Laurent
Published: August 2022

Ce chapitre propose des exemples de méthodes « hybrides », adaptées à la modélisation et la simulation de problèmes vibro-acoustiques dans le domaine des « moyennes fréquences ». L’objectif de ces méthodes est d’obtenir, à moindre de coûts de calcul, des résultats déterministes et locaux, utiles aux ingénieurs afin d’estimer des niveaux de bruits rayonnées par des structures navales.
Méthodes « avancées » en vibro-acoustique des structures navales
Authors: LEBLOND Cédric
Published: August 2022

Ce chapitre expose des techniques avancées pour les calculs vibro-acoustiques, visant à prendre en compte des chargements complexes ainsi que les incertitudes sur les données de conception et les variables d’environnement, et met l’accent sur les méthodes de réduction de modèles paramétriques, lesquelles permettent de diminuer les temps de calcul, et de mener des études de sensibilité, de propagation d’incertitudes et d’optimisation.
Calcul d’écoulements hydrodynamiques : méthodes LBM et POD
Authors: LIBERGE Erwan
Published: August 2022

Ce chapitre aborde la question de la réduction des temps de calcul en hydrodynamique, en s’intéressant en particulier, d’une part à la Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) et à la Lattice Boltzman Method (LBM). Les principes de ces méthodes sont exposés dans le contexte des écoulements hydrodynamiques et leurs interactions avec le mouvement de structures.
Calcul de spectres d’excitation turbulente
Authors: SLAMA Myriam
Published: August 2022

Ce chapitre traite du comportement vibratoire de structure excitées par les fluctuations du champ de pression induit par un écoulement turbulent. L’exposé présente les modélisations fondées sur les modèles empiriques de champs de pression et ainsi que des méthodes de calcul numérique des spectres, offrant de représenter une plus grande variété de situations que celle qui sous-tend les modèles empiriques.
Tenue à la mer des navires
Authors: MAISONNEUVE Jean-Jacques
Published: August 2022

Le chapitre propose un panorama global sur des méthodes de calcul de la tenue à la mer de navires, abordant successivement les principes de modélisation des efforts hydrodynamiques (modèles simplifiés – de houle et de chargement – ou calcul d’écoulement par simulation numérique) et de réponse dynamique des structures en particulier à l’aide de l'approche linéaire fréquentielle.
Le processus de recrutement des ressources humaines : une application d’ELECTRE
Authors: ENJOLRAS Manon , GALVEZ Daniel , CAMARGO Mauricio
Published: August 2022

Ce chapitre se concentre sur l’étude du processus de recrutement, comme un enjeu capital pour la gestion des compétences au sein d’une organisation. Pour cela, la méthode ELECTRE apporte un éclairage sur la manière de comparer de potentiels candidats, en abordant cette étape à travers l’établissement des relations de dominance entre différentes alternatives.
Tracing the Snowball bifurcation of Aquaplanets through time reveals a fundamental shift in critical-state dynamics
Authors: Feulner Georg , Bukenberger Mona Sofie , Petri Stefan
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The instability with respect to global glaciation is a fundamental property of the climate system caused by the positive ice-albedo feedback. The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) at which this Snowball bifurcation occurs changes through Earth's history, most notably because of the slowly increasing solar luminosity. Quantifying this critical CO2 concentration is not only interesting from a climate dynamics perspective, but also an important prerequisite for understanding past Snowball Earth episodes as well as the conditions for habitability on Earth and other planets. Earlier studies are limited to investigations with very simple climate models for Earth's entire history, or studies of individual time slices carried out with a variety of more complex models and for different boundary conditions, making comparisons and the identification of secular changes difficult. Here we use a coupled climate model of intermediate complexity to trace the Snowball bifurcation of an Aquaplanet through Earth's history in one consistent model framework. We find that the critical CO2 concentration decreases more or less logarithmically with increasing solar luminosity until about 1 billion years ago, but drops faster in more recent times. Furthermore, there is a fundamental shift in the dynamics of the critical state about 1.2 billion years ago, driven by the interplay of wind-driven sea-ice dynamics and the surface energy balance: For critical states at low solar luminosities, the ice line lies in the Ferrel cell, stabilised by the poleward winds despite moderate meridional temperature gradients under strong greenhouse warming. For critical states at high solar luminosities on the other hand, the ice line rests at the Hadley-cell boundary, stabilised against the equatorward winds by steep meridional temperature gradients resulting from the increased solar energy input at lower latitudes.
Simulations of aerosol pH in China using WRF-Chem (v4.0): sensitivities of aerosol pH and its temporal variations during haze episodes
Authors: Ruan Xueyin , Zhao Chun , Zaveri Rahul A. , He Pengzhen , Wang Xinming , Shao Jingyuan , Geng Lei
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Aerosol pH is a fundamental property of aerosols
in terms of atmospheric chemistry and its impact on air quality, climate, and
health. Precise estimation of aerosol pH in chemical transport models (CTMs)
is critical for aerosol modeling and thus influences policy development
that partially relies on results from model simulations. We report the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem)
simulated PM2.5 pH over China during a period with heavy haze episodes
in Beijing, and explore the sensitivity of the modeled aerosol pH to factors
including emissions of nonvolatile cations (NVCs) and NH3, aerosol
phase state assumption, and heterogeneous production of sulfate. We find that default WRF-Chem could predict spatial patterns of PM2.5 pH over China
similar to other CTMs, but with generally lower pH values, largely due to the
underestimation of alkaline species (NVCs and NH3) and the difference in
thermodynamic treatments between different models. Increasing NH3
emissions in the model would improve the modeled pH in comparison with
offline thermodynamic model calculations of pH constrained by observations.
In addition, we find that the aerosol phase state assumption and heterogeneous sulfate production are important in aerosol pH predictions for regions with
low relative humidity (RH) and high anthropogenic SO2 emissions,
respectively. These factors should be better constrained in model
simulations of aerosol pH in the future. Analysis of the modeled temporal
trend of PM2.5 pH in Beijing over a haze episode reveals a clear
decrease in pH from 5.2 ± 0.9 in a clean period to 3.6 ± 0.5 in a heavily polluted period. The increased acidity under more polluted conditions
is largely due to the formation and accumulation of secondary species
including sulfuric acid and nitric acid, even though being modified by
alkaline species (NVCs, NH3). Our result suggests that NO2
oxidation is unlikely to be important for heterogeneous sulfate production
during the Beijing haze as the effective pH for NO2 oxidation of S(IV) is at a higher pH of ∼ 6.
Quantifying the trade-offs in re-operating dams for the environment in the Lower Volta River
Authors: Owusu Afua , Zatarain Salazar Jazmin , Mul Marloes , van der Zaag Pieter , Slinger Jill
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The construction of the Akosombo and Kpong dams in the Lower Volta River Basin in Ghana changed the downstream riverine ecosystem and affected the lives of downstream communities, particularly those who lost their traditional livelihoods. In contrast to the costs borne by those in the vicinity of the river, Ghana as a whole, has enjoyed vast economic benefits from the affordable hydropower, irrigation schemes and lake tourism that developed after construction of the dams. Herein lies the challenge; there exists a trade-off between water for river ecosystems and related services on the one hand, and anthropogenic water demands such hydropower or irrigation on the other. In this study, an Evolutionary Multi-Objective Direct Policy Search (EMODPS) is used to identify the multi-sectorial trade-offs that exist in the Lower Volta River Basin. Three environmental flows, previously determined for the Lower Volta are incorporated separately as an environmental objective. The results highlight the dominance of hydropower production in the Lower Volta, but show that there is room for providing environmental flows under current climatic and water use conditions if firm energy requirement from Akosombo Dam reduces by 12 % to 38 % depending on the environmental flow regime that is implemented. There is uncertainty in climate change effects on runoff in this region, however multiple scenarios are investigated. It is found that climate change leading to increased annual inflows to the Akosombo Dam reduces the trade-off between hydropower and the environment while climate change resulting in lower inflows provide the opportunity to strategically provide dry season environmental flows, that is, reduce flows sufficiently to meet low flow requirements for key ecosystem services such as the clam fishery. This study not only highlights the challenges in balancing anthropogenic water demands and environmental considerations in managing existing dams, but also identifies opportunities for compromise in the Lower Volta River.
Effect of bedding systems and thermal analysis on milk yield of crossbred dairy cows
Authors: Geetha N. , Balusami C. , Abraham John , Mathew Joseph
Published: August 2022

The current research was carried out to assess the effect of various bedding material on thermal image analysis and yield of milk in dairy cows. Twenty four crossbred cows at the Cattle farm of the Instructional Livestock Farm Complex, Pookode, Wayanad District in Kerala state formed the group in the present research for one lactation period including three seasons viz., summer (February to May), monsoon (June to September) and post monsoon (October to January). T1 was the control group in which the cows were maintained on concrete floor with no bedding material. Rubber mats (T2 ) and coir pith (T3 ) were provided on concrete floor. In T4 Dried solid manure (DSM) on concrete floor was provided at the rate of 7.5 cm thickness as bedding. Thermal image analysis of the heat generated from the animal body, surface of the floor and roof was recorded. The cows maintained on concrete floors (37.79 ± 0.21 oC) and rubber mats (37.56 ± 0.28 oC) generated significantly higher (P<0.05) amounts of heat followed by those kept on DSM (28.49 ± 0.28 oC) and coir pith (25.46 ± 0.26o C). The floor and roof temperatures were higher during summer and post monsoon and lower in the monsoon season. Daily milk yields from the experimental animals were recorded and analysed. The cows maintained on concrete floor had the lowest overall daily milk yield (8.95 ± 0.22) while the cows on coir pith bedding had the highest yield (9.98 ± 0.30). The cows on DSM and rubber mats had an overall mean milk yield of 9.48 ± 0.22 and 9.26 ± 0.20 kg, respectively. Coir pith and dried solid manure as bedding material could be recommended for use by dairy farmers when compared to rubber mats and concrete floor bedding for improving cow comfort and milk production.
Assessment of hygienic and sanitation practices among poultry butchers in selected Municipality areas of Assam (India)
Authors: Islam R. , Islam S. , Rahman M.
Published: August 2022

A study was conducted in Dhubri and Biswanath Chariali Municipality areas to assess the adoption of hygienic and sanitation practices being followed by poultry butchers. A total of 60 poultry butchers were selected randomly, 30 from each Municipality area so that the final sample consisted of 60 poultry butchers. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured interview schedule by personal interviews. The schedule was designed to collect information on the socioeconomic profile of the butchers, personal and meat shop hygiene, maintenance of meat shop and its equipment. The data revealed that all the poultry butchers were male among which (75%) of them had an education level only up to eight standard. The overall mean age of the poultry butchers was found to be 39.95±8.64 years of which majority (75%) of them belong to middle age group. The present study indicated that none of the poultry butchers underwent any formal training for hygienic meat handling. It was also pointed out that most (85%) of the butcheries were located at market area, while only a few (15%) were found in the residential area. Only 18.33 per cent of the poultry butchers wore clean clothes while 81.67 per cent of them did not adopt this practice during working. Majority (88.33%) of them did not wash their hands after smoking/ chewing tobacco.It was also revealed that majority (88.33%) of the butchers did not clean knives before and after cutting of meat. Majority of the butchers agreed that cleanliness of equipment (71.67%), the meat shop and its surrounding (68.33%) and personal hygiene (68.33%) were some of the important factors that were essential to ensure wholesome meat production. From the above study, it may be concluded that appropriate interventional measures by the concerned agencies such as awareness trainings for poultry butchers on crucial areas of food safety, hygienic practices relating to meat handling and personal safety are imperative. The results of the study also shed light on the need for measures to improve the infrastructural facilities in poultry meat butcheries and for appropriate interventions to strengthen the food quality control system by the government regulatory authorities.
The Blockchain Technology from Maqasid Shari'ah Perspective
Authors: Aljamos Yusof Mahmoud , Mohd Noor Azman , Mohd Aswadi Mohamad Shafiq , Baharuddin Ahmad Syukran
Published: August 2022

The world has undergone a major shift in technology and blockchain is one of the current technologies that is of interest. The application of this modern technology contributes to the development of societies and helps in accomplishing many financial and non-financial transactions. Many may be worried and hesitant of this technology in terms of its reliability, sustainability and legality from Shari’ah perspective. This paper is an attempt to examine it from the perspective of Maqasid Shari’ah. This study aims to reassure and encourage institutions and countries to adopt and apply blockchain technology as well as to clarify its positive characteristics from the perspective of Maqasid Shari’ah. The method used in this paper is qualitative research. This study has clarified the perspective of Maqasid Shari’ah on blockchain technology by focusing on four key aspects i.e. facilitation, security, transparency, and anti-monopoly.
Maqasid Research Methodology Challenges
Authors: Hamed Marwa , Belyamani Mohammed , Abduljawad Heba , Al-Barzinji Zaid
Published: August 2022

This paper aims at revealing the genuine and core challenges facing scholars working in the research field of Maqasid Al-Shari’a Al-Islamiyah. The paper depended on the mixed methodology of surveys and interviews to collect raw data from scholars working in the field. The collected raw data considered the differences in cultural, geographical and language backgrounds of the participants. It has also included the scholars with various specialties in Maqasid Al-Shari’a. The paper has also segmented the challenges faced by the Maqasid scholars into theoretical, methodological, institutional, environmental and technical challenges. The paper concluded that a great part of the challenges faced by the Maqasid scholars is that the approach does not provide a wholistic theoretical and methodological framework; most of the interviewed scholars criticized the theoretical and the methodological framework of the approach, claiming that they are not complete. The paper’s recommendations will be presented to the institutions working on the Maqasid Al-Shari’ah Al-Islamiyah approach to improve the circumstances of Maqasid Al-Shari’a scholars working in their own institutions, which is one of the basic challenges faced by them.
البعد المقاصدي في كتاب التجديد الأصولي؛ تقديما و تقويما
Authors: Bezza Abdennour
Published: August 2022

لم يتوقف الاهتمام بتجديد علم أصول الفقه على امتداد وجوده التاريخي؛ فمنذ تأليف الإمام الشافعي لمصنفه الأصولي؛ الموسوم بــ"الرسالة" -الجامعة لقواعد الاستنباط والاجتهاد على عهد الصحابة والتابعين وغيرهم من الأئمة-؛ وعملية التصنيف المتجدد في علم الأصول متواصلة على أوسع نطاق.
POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM: STATE, OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS
Authors:   ENU name for L.N.Gumylev, ISAYEVA Ainur , MEDEUBAYEVA Zhanar ,   ENU name for L.N.Gumylev, ALIEVA Saule ,   ENU name for L.N.Gumylev, GUSMANOVA Asemgul ,   ENU name for L.N.Gumylev
Published: August 2022

In the 21st century, terrorism has become a global problem and one of the main factor in world politics at all levels. Cyclical economic and financial crises have a detrimental effect on the state of the social sphere in all countries without exception, thereby creating fertile ground for radical sentiments and terrorist intentions. The growth of geopolitical tension in the world over the past decades has also contributed to the expansion of the activity of terrorist groups around the globe. This article through SWOT analysis attempts to study the state of the EU's fight against terrorism. The threat of terrorism and its most severe manifestations also affected the countries of the European Union, which prompted it to develop a specific policy in the fight against terrorism and improve methods for preventing and neutralizing the terrorist threat. When analyzing the development process of anti-terrorist structures and the practice of combating terrorism in the European Union in 2001-2020, one can distinguish undoubted achievements of the anti-terrorist course. The weaknesses and objective shortcomings of this course stem from the complexities in world politics and macroeconomics, as well as from the very nature of the EU as a supranational structure.
RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE BALTIC STATES: KEY ASPECTS
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, RAKHIMOVA Maiya
Published: August 2022

The issue of relations between Russia and The Baltic States is of particular relevance against the backdrop of interaction with the European Union. The change in the policy stance of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania after the Soviet Union’s collapse was reflected at the regional level. The desire to integrate the Baltic States into the EU and NATO has led to a series of determined political decisions that in turn have affected cooperation with Russia. In the process of developing relations with the European Union, the Russian Federation has begun to consider possibilities of cooperation with the Baltic countries as well. The article analyses the prospects for change, problems and cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Baltic states at the regional level.