bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survey of Skull Base Surgeons' Approach to Carcinomas Involving the Cavernous Sinus
Authors: Mott Nicole M. , Ryder C. Yoonhee , Snyderman Carl H. , McKean Erin L.
Published: December 2022

Objectives Carcinomas involving the cavernous sinus are challenging to resect without compromising important neurovascular structures. Given the morbidity and mortality of these operations, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are more often utilized. Although limited to case reports and small series, radical resection of the cavernous sinus has been proposed. We aimed to study surgeons' willingness to perform cavernous sinus exenteration (CSE) under different clinical scenarios.

Design, Setting, Participants, Main Outcome Measures We conducted an online survey from April to July 2021 among members of the Skull Base Congress and the North American Skull Base Society. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the main outcome measure of willingness to perform CSE.

Results The analytic sample (n = 112) included 54% otolaryngologists and 43% neurosurgeons. Eighty-six percent practiced in an academic setting. Surgeons' willingness to perform CSE was low (6–16% under different clinical scenarios), citing a belief that they could not obtain oncologic margins and the procedure's morbidity. Forty-five percent had at least one patient undergo CSE with 72% of patients surviving no more than 2 years.

Complications included chronic intractable pain, cerebrospinal fluid leak, cerebrovascular accident, and/or intraoperative/postoperative death within 30 days. Sixty percent agreed that the availability of immunotherapy and genomic sequencing has affected their willingness to offer CSE.

Conclusion Overall, most of the surgeons surveyed were unwilling to offer CSE for carcinomatous cavernous sinus invasion, whether for primary disease or recurrence. Given the rarity of these tumors and the limited data on CSE, these results may provide more information for clinicians and patients for these treatment decisions.
Design and control of a soft saddle-shaped dielectric elastomer actuator
Authors: Hu Tete , Lu Xinjiang , Liu Jin , Xu Du
Published: December 2022

Here, a soft saddle-shaped dielectric elastomer actuator (SSDEA) is designed and a model-based tracking control approach is developed to achieve its desirable dynamics. In this actuator, a bent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) frame is connected with the dielectric elastomer (DE) driving mechanism. The DE driving mechanism induces PET frame elongation or shortening, which causes the movement of the SSDEA. With the benefit from its modular design, simple structure, and robust mechanical assembly, the SSDEA has the stable and linear driving capability. In order to describe the dynamic behaviors of this actuator, a hybrid modeling method that integrates a data-driven model with a physical model is presented, and a three-step identification method is proposed to obtain the model's parameters. Moreover, a model-based tracking control approach is further developed to achieve satisfactory control performance. Using experiments, the dynamics and control performance of the actuator are demonstrated effectively.
Radial position effects of externally mounted hollow cathode on a magnetically shielded Hall thruster
Authors: Zhong Chao , Li Hong , Hu Yanlin , Wang Zhaoyu , Ding Yongjie , Wei Liqiu , Yu Daren
Published: December 2022

A magnetically shielded Hall thruster (MSHT) has a significantly longer service life than a conventional unshielded Hall thruster (USHT) as it shifts the magnetic field of maximum strength from the channel interior to the exterior. In this study, it was experimentally determined that the influence of the radial position of an externally mounted hollow cathode on the performance of an MSHT is quite different from that of a USHT. The measured plasma parameters demonstrate that in addition to the coupling voltage loss and plume divergence loss, the electron cross-field transport loss (not considered previously and introduced by the outward shifting of the magnetic field) is also important to explaining the performance variation in the MSHT. This study refines the coupling theory between the cathode and Hall thruster and provides a valuable reference for determining the radial position of an externally mounted hollow cathode in an MSHT.
Large eddy simulation of impinging heat transfer of pulsed chevron jet on a semi-cylindrical concave plate
Authors: Lyu Yuan-Wei , Zhao Yun-Duo , Zhang Jing-Yang , Zhang Jing-Zhou , Shan Yong , Luo Xin-Yang
Published: December 2022

This study employs large eddy simulation to investigate the impinging heat transfer of the pulsed chevron jet on a semi-cylindrical concave plate at f = 20 Hz and H/d = 4. The instantaneous temperature of the target plate is highly associated with the behavior of the pulsed jet. The temperature sharply decreases once it is covered by the cooling wall jet and then sharps increase only when the jet injection is off. The pulsation plays a significant role in the formation and evolvement of the coherence structure. At the time of t = 0.1φ, the pulsed jet has covered the stagnation region. The stripe-shaped coherence structure is vertical to the ring-shaped secondary vortex. The secondary vortex becomes broken and unsteady as moving downstream. When the jet is off, the wall jet moves downstream because of inertia. There is no remnant cooling wall jet covering the target plate. There is no recirculation zone along the curvilinear direction during the duty cycle, while the recirculation zone is formed only when the jet injection is off. The hot wall jet along the curvilinear direction is entrained through large-scale recirculation and then returns to the target plate. The influencing area of the recirculation zone of the pulsation becomes larger and more closed to the jet mainstream compared with the steady jet. The existence of pulsation enlarges the spreading width of the jet core compared with a steady jet. The proportion of velocity and pressure in primary frequency dominates the pulsed jet, and the proportion in higher order can be neglected.
Dynamics of a cavitation bubble between oblique plates
Authors: Sagar Hemant J. , El Moctar Ould
Published: December 2022

Experiments were performed to investigate the collapse dynamics of a cavitating bubble generated between a pair of symmetrically arranged oblique plates. A 2.0 mm gap was left at the converging end of the two plates, which were inclined at an angle of 10°. A focused laser beam generated a cavitation bubble of about 4.0 mm in diameter, at four different locations that were placed on the centerline between the glass plates. A high-speed camera captured the bubble's cavitating dynamics at a frame rate of 75 kHz. The initial position of the bubble and, thus, the boundary conditions significantly influenced the bubble's dynamics. The bubble's first collapses showed a distinct unidirectional extended jetting but without notch formation on the bubble's left surface. Subsequent collapses led to intense nucleation, a feature useful in microfluidic devices. Further on, we observed vertical pillar-shaped cavities, floating toroids, etc., shapes that were rarely mentioned in previous investigations. To support our experimental results, we performed numerical simulations based on solving the Navier–Stokes equations, to replicate similar bubble dynamics. Our results provided insight into bubble dynamics generated between oblique plates, thereby potentially contributing to an improved understanding of microfluidic pumping techniques, surface cleaning devices, fouling of complex shapes, biomedical devices employing cavitation-based methods, and micromixing of fluids. Results of these experiments may serve also as benchmark data to validate numerical methods.
Analysis of pressure oscillations and wall heat flux due to hydrogen auto-ignition in a confined domain
Authors: Dou Xinbei , Talei Mohsen , Yang Yi
Published: December 2022

This study investigates the impact of the near-wall temperature gradient on hydrogen auto-ignition characteristics using one-dimensional (1D) fully resolved simulations. Ten cases are simulated, one featuring normal combustion and the other nine simulating auto-ignitive combustion with different initial pressures, equivalence ratios, and near-wall temperature gradients. The simulations show that the near-wall temperature gradient greatly affects the onset and intensity of the auto-ignition event. For cases with the initial conditions of 833.3 K and 15 bar, a small near-wall temperature gradient delays the timing of auto-ignition and places the auto-ignition kernel further away from the wall, facilitating deflagration-to-detonation transition of the auto-ignitive flame. This leads to a large increase in pressure oscillations within the domain and heat flux to the wall. When the initial conditions are changed to 900 K and 20 bar, the magnitude of the near-wall temperature gradient also affects the number of auto-ignition events, leading to a significant impact on the wall heat flux. The results suggest that an accurate modeling of the near-wall temperature gradient is necessary for the simulations of hydrogen end-gas auto-ignition. This requires special considerations in the near-wall region and a careful selection of the wall heat transfer model in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools, such as Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and Large-Eddy Simulation (LES).
Engineering a universal and efficient platform for terpenoid synthesis in yeast
Authors: Ma Yongshuo , Zu Yuexuan , Huang Sanwen , Stephanopoulos Gregory
Published: December 2022

Engineering microbes for the production of valuable natural products is often hindered by the regulation of native competing metabolic networks in host. This is particularly evident in the case of terpenoid synthesis in yeast, where the canonical terpenoid precursors are tightly coupled to the biosynthesis of sterols essential for yeast viability. One way to circumvent this limitation is by engineering product pathways less connected to the host native metabolism. Here, we introduce a two-step isopentenol utilization pathway (IUP) in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
to augment the native mevalonate pathway by providing a shortcut to the synthesis of the common terpenoid precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). As such, the IUP was capable of elevating the IPP/DMAPP pool by 147-fold compared with the native pathway. We further demonstrate that cofeeding isoprenol and prenol enhances geranyl diphosphate (GPP) content for monoterpene biosynthesis. More importantly, we established a synthetic three-step route for efficient synthesis of di-and tetraterpene precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), circumventing the competition with farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) for sterol biosynthesis and elevating the GGPP level by 374-fold. We combine these IUP-supported precursor-forming platforms with downstream terpene synthases to harness their potential and improve the production of industrially relevant terpenoids by several fold. Our exploration provides a universal and effective platform for supporting terpenoid synthesis in yeast.
Elucidation of the 1-phenethylisoquinoline pathway from an endemic conifer
Cephalotaxus hainanensis
Authors: Qiao Fei , He Yuedong , Zhang Yuhao , Jiang Xuefei , Cong Hanqing , Wang Zhiming , Sun Huapeng , Xiao Yibei , Zhao Yucheng , Nick Peter
Published: December 2022

Cephalotaxines harbor great medical potential, but their natural source, the endemic conifer
Cephalotaxus
is highly endangered, creating a conflict between biotechnological valorization and preservation of biodiversity. Here, we construct the whole biosynthetic pathway to the 1-phenethylisoquinoline scaffold, as first committed compound for phenylethylisoquinoline alkaloids (PIAs), combining metabolic modeling, and transcriptome mining of 
Cephalotaxus hainanensis
to infer the biosynthesis for PIA precursor. We identify a novel protein,
Ch
PSS, driving the Pictet–Spengler condensation and show that this enzyme represents the branching point where PIA biosynthesis diverges from the concurrent benzylisoquinoline-alkaloids pathway. We also pinpoint
Ch
DBR as crucial step to form 4-hydroxydihydrocinnamaldehyde diverging from lignin biosynthesis. The elucidation of the early PIA pathway represents an important step toward microbe-based production of these pharmaceutically important alkaloids resolving the conflict between biotechnology and preservation of biodiversity.
Staged suppression of microglial autophagy facilitates regeneration in CNS demyelination by enhancing the production of linoleic acid
Authors: Zhou Luo-Qi , Dong Ming-Hao , Hu Zi-Wei , Tang Yue , Chu Yun-Hui , Chen Man , Yang Sheng , Chen Zhi , Wu Long-Jun , Wang Wei , Qin Chuan , Tian Dai-Shi
Published: December 2022

Microglia play a critical role in the clearance of myelin debris, thereby ensuring functional recovery from neural injury. Here, using mouse model of demyelination following two-point LPC injection, we show that the microglial autophagic–lysosomal pathway becomes overactivated in response to severe demyelination, leading to lipid droplet accumulation and a dysfunctional and pro-inflammatory microglial state, and finally failed myelin debris clearance and spatial learning deficits. Data from genetic approaches and pharmacological modulations, via microglial Atg5 deficient mice and intraventricular BAF A1 administration, respectively, demonstrate that staged suppression of excessive autophagic–lysosomal activation in microglia, but not sustained inhibition, results in better myelin debris degradation and exerts protective effects against demyelination. Combined multi-omics results in vitro further showed that enhanced lipid metabolism, especially the activation of the linoleic acid pathway, underlies this protective effect. Supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), both in vivo and in vitro, could mimic these effects, including attenuating inflammation and restoring microglial pro-regenerative properties, finally resulting in better recovery from demyelination injuries and improved spatial learning function, by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ) pathway. Therefore, we propose that pharmacological inhibition targeting microglial autophagic–lysosomal overactivation or supplementation with CLA could represent a potential therapeutic strategy in demyelinated disorders.
Inhibiting androgen receptor splice variants with cysteine-selective irreversible covalent inhibitors to treat prostate cancer
Authors: Thiyagarajan Thirumagal , Ponnusamy Suriyan , Hwang Dong-Jin , He Yali , Asemota Sarah , Young Kirsten L. , Johnson Daniel L. , Bocharova Vera , Zhou Weidong , Jain Abhinav K. , Petricoin Emanuel F. , Yin Zheng , Pfeffer Lawrence M. , Miller Duane D. , Narayanan Ramesh
Published: December 2022

Androgen receptor (AR) and its splice variants (AR-SVs) promote prostate cancer (PCa) growth by orchestrating transcriptional reprogramming. Mechanisms by which the low complexity and intrinsically disordered primary transactivation domain (AF-1) of AR and AR-SVs regulate transcriptional programming in PCa remains poorly defined. Using omics, live and fixed fluorescent microscopy of cells, and purified AF-1 and AR-V7 recombinant proteins we show here that AF-1 and the AR-V7 splice variant form molecular condensates by liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) that exhibit disorder characteristics such as rapid intracellular mobility, coactivator interaction, and euchromatin induction. The LLPS and other disorder characteristics were reversed by a class of small-molecule-selective AR-irreversible covalent antagonists (SARICA) represented herein by UT-143 that covalently and selectively bind to C406 and C327 in the AF-1 region. Interfering with LLPS formation with UT-143 or mutagenesis resulted in chromatin condensation and dissociation of AR-V7 interactome, all culminating in a transcriptionally incompetent complex. Biochemical studies suggest that C327 and C406 in the AF-1 region are critical for condensate formation, AR-V7 function, and UT-143’s irreversible AR inhibition. Therapeutically, UT-143 possesses drug-like pharmacokinetics and metabolism properties and inhibits PCa cell proliferation and tumor growth. Our work provides critical information suggesting that clinically important AR-V7 forms transcriptionally competent molecular condensates and covalently engaging C327 and C406 in AF-1, dissolves the condensates, and inhibits its function. The work also identifies a library of AF-1-binding AR and AR-SV-selective covalent inhibitors for the treatment of PCa.
Spin thermoelectric effects of skyrmions in ferromagnetic topological insulators
Authors: Ye Xiyin , Xu Hengyi , Zhu Xiaoming
Published: December 2022

The thermoelectric effects of ferromagnetic topological insulators with either two-dimensional circular or one-dimensional domain wall skyrmions are studied theoretically. It is found that the topological spin-textures play a significant role in the manipulation of spin-dependent thermoelectric properties. In the vicinity of the charge neutrality point, spin Seebeck coefficients possess finite values whose sign and magnitude can be tuned by temperature in spite of vanishing charge Seebeck coefficients. The majority of the effects of circular skyrmions occurs in the edge-state transport regime by generating Fano antiresonances. While the domain wall skyrmion primarily influences the thermoelectric behaviors near the boundary between the edge-state and bulk-state transport regimes with the resonant tunneling mechanism. Both types of skyrmions which function effectively in distinct transport regimes have potential applications in thermoelectrics.
Highly non-Gaussian tails and primordial black holes from single-field inflation
Authors: Cai Yi-Fu , Ma Xiao-Han , Sasaki Misao , Wang Dong-Gang , Zhou Zihan
Published: December 2022

For primordial perturbations, deviations from Gaussian statistics on the tail of the
probability distribution can be associated with non-perturbative effects of inflation. In this
paper, we present some particular examples in which the tail of the distribution becomes highly
non-Gaussian although the statistics remains almost Gaussian in the perturbative regime. We begin
with an extension of the ultra-slow-roll inflation that incorporates a transition process, where
the inflaton climbs up a tiny potential step at the end of the non-attractor stage before it
converges to the slow-roll attractor. Through this example, we identify the key role of the
off-attractor behaviour for the upward-step transition, and then extend the analysis to another
type of the transition with two slow-roll stages connected by a tiny step. We perform both the
perturbative and non-perturbative analyses of primordial fluctuations generated around the step in
detail, and show that the tiny but nontrivial transition may affect large perturbations in the
tail of the distribution, while the perturbative non-Gaussianity remains small. Our result
indicates that the non-Gaussian tails can have rich phenomenology which has been overlooked in
conventional analyses. We also study the implications of this non-Gaussian tail for the formation
of primordial black holes, and find that their mass fraction can be parametrically amplified by
several orders of magnitudes in comparison with the case of the Gaussian
distribution. Additionally, we also discuss a mechanism of primordial black holes formation for
this upward step inflation model by trapping the inflaton in the bottom of the step.
A transfer learning-based feedback training motivates the performance of SMR-BCI
Authors: Duan Xu , Xie Songyun , Lv Yanxia , Xie Xinzhou , Obermayer Klaus , Yan Hao
Published: December 2022

Objective. Feedback training is a practical approach to brain–computer interface (BCI) end-users learning to modulate their sensorimotor rhythms (SMRs). BCI self-regulation learning has been shown to be influenced by subjective psychological factors, such as motivation. However, few studies have taken into account the users’ self-motivation as additional guidance for the cognitive process involved in BCI learning. In this study we tested a transfer learning (TL) feedback method designed to increase self-motivation by providing information about past performance. Approach. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals from the previous runs were affine transformed and displayed as points on the screen, along with the newly recorded EEG signals in the current run, giving the subjects a context for self-motivation. Subjects were asked to separate the feedback points for the current run under the display of the separability of prior training. We conducted a between-subject feedback training experiment, in which 24 healthy SMR-BCI naive subjects were trained to imagine left- and right-hand movements. The participants were provided with either TL feedback or typical cursor-bar (CB) feedback (control condition), for three sessions on separate days. Main results. The behavioral results showed an increased challenge and stable mastery confidence, suggesting that subjects’ motivation grew as the feedback training went on. The EEG results showed favorable overall training effects with TL feedback in terms of the class distinctiveness and EEG discriminancy. Performance was 28.5% higher in the third session than in the first. About 41.7% of the subjects were ‘learners’ including not only low-performance subjects, but also good-performance subjects who might be affected by the ceiling effect. Subjects were able to control BCI with TL feedback with a higher performance of 60.5% during the last session compared to CB feedback. Significance. The present study demonstrated that the proposed TL feedback method boosted psychological engagement through the self-motivated context, and further allowed subjects to modulate SMR effectively. The proposed TL feedback method also provided an alternative to typical CB feedback.
Development of single photon avalanche detectors for NIR light detection
Authors: Gautam V. , Casanova R. , Terzo S. , Grinstein S.
Published: December 2022

Near-infrared (NIR) light is used in several non-invasive biomedical techniques to measure the blood flow in deep tissues. The BIOSPAD project targets the development of SPAD arrays specifically designed for Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) in the NIR to measure deep tissue microvascular blood flow. In the first stage of the project, single SPADs with multiplication layers buried at different depths have been designed at IFAE and produced in a 150 nm CMOS technology. In this study, we present results of the characterization of SPAD devices with an area of 50 × 50 µm2 operated with an external passive quenching circuit. We compared properties, such as Dark Count Rate (DCR) and Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) of the different SPAD designs. The PDE for 780 nm light of SPADs with a buried multiplication layer was observed to be in the range of 10–20% with a DCR of the order of 2 kHz. The results of these first prototypes are promising and are being followed up by the development of a new generation of CMOS SPADs designed to further improve the NIR light response.
Design and characterization of a cascode switching stage for high frequency radiation hardened DC/DC converters for the supply of future pixel detectors
Authors: Kampkoetter J. , Karagounis M. , Kokozinski R.
Published: December 2022

Serial powering features the upcoming phase II HL-LHC upgrade in the ATLAS and CMS experiment. The conventional voltage based powering approach with parallel placed modules results in low powering efficiency. In addition restricted space requirements, radiation tolerance and high magnetic fields make the design of a suitable DC/DC-converter challenging. To ensure that future DC/DC converters can tolerate high radiation doses at reduced space requirements, a high-frequency switching stage with up to 4 stacked core devices with a related biasing circuit for the implementation in inductive DC/DC-converters was considered and successfully verified in a first prototype.
Persistent anomalies of the North Atlantic jet stream and associated surface extremes over Europe
Authors: Galfi Vera Melinda , Messori Gabriele
Published: December 2022

Unusual, persistent configurations of the North Atlantic jet stream affect the weather and climate over Europe. We focus on winter and on intraseasonal and seasonal time scales, and study persistent jet anomalies through the lens of large deviation theory using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) simulations of the MPI-ESM-LR model and ERA5 reanalysis data. The configurations of interest are defined as long-lasting anomalies of a few months in jet latitude, speed or zonality. Our results show that persistent temperature and precipitation extremes over large European regions are anomalously frequent during the unusual, persistent jet configurations we identify. Furthermore, the relative increase in frequency of surface extremes is larger for more intense surface extremes and/or more extreme jet anomalies. This is relevant in the context of the predictability of these extremes. The highest extreme event frequencies at the surface are observed in case of precipitation over the Mediterranean and Western Europe during anomalously zonal and/or fast jet events, pointing to these jet anomalies matching rather homogeneous large scale atmospheric configurations with a clear surface footprint. Additionally, our results emphasise the usefulness of large deviation rate functions to estimate the frequency of occurrence of persistent jet anomalies. They therefore provide a tool to statistically describe long-lasting anomalies, much like extreme value theory may be used to investigate shorter-lived extreme events.
A Cascaded Multilevel Inverter design based Harmonic Optimization using TLBO Algorithm for Wind Energy System
Authors: Sekhar V , Deepa Bakthavastalam , Muniraj Murali
Published: December 2022

In order to remove undesirable lower order harmonics from a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter and solve a constrained in design optimization issue with parameters involved in a changeable objective function for the given system, the TLBO approach is provided. To test the stability of the system, the recommended system output was designed to be supplied to various load drive systems. The entire efficiency of wind grid inverters has now decreased due to the low wind speed, making it unable to utilise wind energy effectively. To solve this issue, it is necessary to improve both the control method and the inverter side’s topological structure. A cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter architecture is used to implement the entire system’s functionality, with the first stage circuit being built in MATLAB-Simulink.
Design of low cost IoT enabled greenhouse control system for precision agricultural research application
Authors: Singh Khushi , Hota Malaya Kumar
Published: December 2022

Greenhouse is climate controlled transparent chamber made of materials like polycarbonate, in which crops are grown under controlled climatic conditions. This research paper aims to present a design of low-cost IoT interfaced Greenhouse Control Unit, where microclimate is controlled using various sensors and actuators to maintain desired environmental conditions as per crop need. It is used in precision agricultural research to study the impact of environmental parameters like humidity, temperature, ambient light and soil moisture on crop yield and its nutritional components. Temperature, humidity, ambient light and soil moisture like parameters are fetched by deploying suitable sensors at suitable locations in the chamber, and based on predefined threshold values of these parameters switching of cooling, heating system, light, fogger, dehumidifiers, and irrigation system are controlled using embedded controller device and desired climatic condition is maintained inside the Greenhouse chamber for the required duration. Such control units are required for agricultural research to study the impact of environmental parameters on crop yield and on the nutritional contents of the crop. It is also used in producing medicinal and herbal plants in the region which climate is very harsh for these plants. Authors have developed a low-cost cloud interfaced standalone embedded control unit around ARM Cortex M3 CPU, various sensors for controlling greenhouse actuators based on pre-defined threshold values of environmental parameters.
Design of SIW based Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for K/Ku band applications
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Prasad Sneha , Mishra Sourav , Pathak Rohan
Published: December 2022

A frequency reconfigurable antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is proposed in this paper for K/Ku band applications. In most of the previous reconfigurable structures terminal SIW was used but here in this proposed structure, terminal as well as the blind vias is being implanted to achieve maximum reconfigurability and better efficiency of the miniature antenna. The antenna parameters are analysed thoroughly without diode as well as with diode. According to the measurements, the suggested antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 12 to 12.8 GHz in off condition and in addition to this from 22 to 22.8 GHz in ON condition with a peak gain of 7.5 dB. The radiation efficiency of proposed work is 90%.
A Spear-head shaped UWB MIMO Antenna with triple notch-based characteristics for Wireless applications
Authors: Kumari Ranjana , Porwal Pragati , Kumar Prashant , Katheria Piyush Singh , Singh Pragya
Published: December 2022

In this article, a spearhead shaped dual element ultra-wide band (UWB) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna with three notched bands is designed. The proposed antenna has the dimensions (28*18*1.6) mm3. To achieve the three notch a L-shaped and spoon-shaped slots are etched out from the rhombic shape radiating patch for application ARN, INSAT at (4.17-4.9) GHz and satellite communication at (7.1-7.75) GHz respectively and other inverted U-shaped slot is etched out from the feed line which achieves X-band application (8.5-9.6)GHz. In addition to this, the proposed antenna impedance bandwidth ranges from 3-11.3GHz with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR>2) only for the selected notch band. The antenna achieves nil distortion with suitable omnidirectional radiation pattern which is good for ultra-wide band application. To show the diversity performance of the proposed antenna, the proposed antenna offers good isolation (s12/s21<-19db) with envelope correlation coefficient (ECC<0.005) and diversity gain of nearly 10db. Therefore, the proposed antenna with rejection capability is suitable for UWB application.
Design of Improved Band Gap Reference Circuit for CS-VCO Application Using 180nm CMOS Technology
Authors: Shrivastava Amandeep , Gamad R. S. , Gurjar R. C.
Published: December 2022

Electronics engineers are currently faced with the task of designing linear and broad scale voltage regulated oscillator for analogue and a varied signal applications for a shorter design period of time. The Band gap reference source is used here to compensate the noise which affects the Phase lock loop operation from power supplied noise. A cascode current mirror based band gap reference current starved voltage controlled Oscillator (BG-CSVCO) is discussed in detailed as a new design strategy for reducing power supplied noise in Phase lock loop (PLL) applications. A cascode current mirror based band gap reference CS-VCO design is simulated and direct employing in 180nm Cadence CMOS technology. A frequency range of band gap reference CS-VCO is 0.009 GHz up to the 2.07 GHz for adjusting range of 0.5V to 1.8V with the power dissipation is 0.564mW. The VDD as supplied voltage was 1.8volt.
LoRa-based IoT applications on campus: experimental demonstrations and performance evaluation
Authors: Kolesnikov Vladilen , Neves Marcelo , Goswami Bhargavi
Published: December 2022

Lora technology is widely used in solving many IoT problems because of its long-range capability and low-cost. However, the model which works in the 2.4GHz frequency and without regional limitations is a novelty and its full capabilities are unknown. In this research the device is test for its transmission capabilities on a university campus because this is the conditions with high 2.4GHz interference from Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. The authors also try to find the packet delivery rate and define at what distance LoRa end-node starts to lose connection with its gateway. Along the way receiving signal strength indicator is registered in order to understand the device power level. All of it is done by placing the gateway in the middle of the campus so that it equally reaches the furthermost points, connecting it with a LoRa-based end-node and testing this connection by placing the end-node device in different spots within the area and analysing the connection. LoRa 2.4GHz has shown lower effectiveness in terms of distance in comparison with its sub-GHz counterparts. Receiving signal strength indicator also demonstrated a lower power level in comparison with the mentioned device specifications. However, the LoRa technology still provides bigger distance than Wi-Fi or Bluetooth and is cheaper than other protocols used in IoT. Higher results can be achieved by using a better antenna and by eliminating physical obstacles.
Design and analysis of energy efficient wind turbine blades
Authors: Chavan Umesh , Ghode Dhiraj , Ghorpade Ranveer , Aacharya Hritika , Ubale Vaibhav , Urunkar Kedar , Satpute Nitin
Published: December 2022

Inspired by humpback whale flippers, this study presents the effect of leading-edge tubercles on the wind turbine blade. Force models for lift and drag are developed on the blade which have an important role in the wind turbine performance. The study compares the CFD simulation of fluid flow over blade with leading edge tubercles and the conventional blade. Present work also covers strength and random vibration analysis for both the blades. Furthermore, different tubercle blades have been compared for lift and drag coefficients by varying tubercle amplitude. Structural analysis shows tubercled blade is suitable from structural and strength point view. In tubercled blade overall lift to drag-coefficient ratio increased up to 8.5, whereas in conventional this ratio is about 1.7 which is found to be very low. This ratio clearly indicates that in the presence of tubercles on the blade, performance improving even in lower wind speed areas. Overall tubercled blade found to be more suitable for modern wind turbines.
Dual band-notched antenna design using composite right/left handed metamaterial
Authors: Nair V Indu
Published: December 2022

A small metamaterial notch-antenna with band reject at 3.5 and 4.4 GHz is proposed by introducing reactance to balanced composite left-right unit cell, thus making it non-resonant at the desired frequency without any change in overall size. Simulations were carried on HFSS and antenna with notch band implemented on RT\Duroid substrate. The type I and type II CRLH metamaterial notch-antenna illustrate that the antenna notches at 3.5 and 4.4 GHz, with VSWR > 2. Such filters suitable for UWB application where there is interference.
Evaluation of dipole moments of indole derivative (5-MPIC) by Solvatochromic shift method
Authors: Devar Sulochana , Gangadharmath Vijayalaxmi , Yernale N G , Mathada B S , Patil Omnath , Hanagodimath S M
Published: December 2022

The Solvatochromic technique was used to examine the solvent effects of ethyl 5-methyl-3 phenyl-1H-indole 2-carboxylate [5-MPIC]. Different solvents were used to record 5-MPIC’s absorption and emission spectra at room temperature (300 K). The ground state and excited state dipole moments were estimated experimentally using Lippert’s, Bakshiev’s and Kawaski Chamma Viallet’s equations. The HOMO-LUMO gap and MEP map were also estimated theoretically by using B3LYP/6-31+G (d, p) basis set of Gaussian 16 w program. Dipole moments of excited states reveal a clear polarity difference between the ground and excited states.
One-step synthesis of super-absorbent nanocomposite hydrogel based on bentonite
Authors: Le Giang H , Thanh Duong A , My Pham T H , Pham Trang TT , Quan Trang T T , Nguyen Tung N , Nguyen Quang K , Ngo Quoc Anh
Published: December 2022

The nanoparticles of bentonite can be easily synthesized by hydrothermal treatment with microwave-assisted method. The products were characterized by XRD, FTIR, BET, SEM, EDS, and DLS. Results have revealed that the nano-bentonite was in nanometer scale with particles size of 200–300 nm. The SEM analysis of the nano-bentonite dispersion showed that a decrease in agglomeration and surface roughness. The nano-bentonite possessed high surface area (152.4 m2.g−1) and pore volume (0.25 cm3.g−1). Additionally, nanocomposite hydrogels (NB/PAA) were synthesized through the free-radical polymerization of acrylic acid (PAA) in the presence of the as-synthesized nano-bentonite (NB). The presence of NB in hydrogel matrix may improve the tensile strength of hydrogel. The tensile strength of the hydrogel increases from 0.294 to 1.609 MPa when NB content was 1.0% (NB10/PAA). Under the optimum conditions, the nanocomposite hydrogels (NB10/PAA) exhibited high water absorption capacity of 420.0

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These findings contribute to the sustainable development and green chemistry.
Traveling wave solutions of a diffusive predator-prey system with Holling II type functional response
Authors: Liu Jiang , Wu Jianglan , Lin Xiaojie , Du Zengji
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we discuss a three-dimensional diffusive predator-prey system with nonlocal terms and Holling II type functional response. According to the relationship between traveling wave and heteroclinic orbit, the predator-prey system is transformed into the singularly perturbed system. Based on the method of the geometric singular perturbation theory, we construct a locally invariant manifold to obtain the traveling wave solutions with nonlocal delay convolution kernel.
Pointwise convergence of the solutions to wave equations with potentials
Authors: Wang Chengbo , Zhao Shuijiang
Published: December 2022

We study the pointwise convergence of solutions to linear wave equations with potentials. Under some general assumptions about the potentials, we determine the sufficient and necessary condition for initial data in Sobolev spaces. Using the harmonic analysis on semigroups developed by Cowling, we prove positive results. One of the novelties is that we give a counterexample for the discrete maximal estimate instead of the usual continuous maximal estimate, which enables us to apply the Stein maximal principle to prove negative results.
On the image of the mean transform
Authors: Chabbabi Fadil , Ostermann Maëva
Published: December 2022

Let

B

(
H
)

\mathcal {B}(H)

be the algebra of all bounded operators on a Hilbert space

H
H

. Let

T
=
V

|

T

|

T=V|T|

be the polar decomposition of an operator

T
∈

B

(
H
)

T\in \mathcal {B}(H)

. The mean transform of

T
T

is defined by

M
(
T
)
=

T
+

|

T

|

V

2

M(T)=\frac {T+|T|V}{2}

. In this paper, we discuss several properties related to the spectrum, the kernel, the image, and the polar decomposition of mean transform. Moreover, we investigate the image and preimage by the mean transform of some class of operators such as positive, normal, unitary, hyponormal, and co-hyponormal operators.
The Global Glimm Property
Authors: Thiel Hannes , Vilalta Eduard
Published: December 2022

It is known that a

C
∗

C^*

-algebra with the Global Glimm Property is nowhere scattered (it has no elementary ideal-quotients), and the Global Glimm Problem asks if the converse holds. We provide a new approach to this long-standing problem by showing that a

C
∗

C^*

-algebra has the Global Glimm Property if and only if it is nowhere scattered and its Cuntz semigroup is ideal-filtered (the Cuntz classes generating a given ideal are downward directed) and has property (V) (a weak form of being sup-semilattice ordered).

We show that ideal-filteredness and property (V) are automatic for

C
∗

C^*

-algebras that have stable rank one or real rank zero, thereby recovering the solutions to the Global Glimm Problem in these cases. We also use our approach to solve the Global Glimm Problem for new classes of

C
∗

C^*

-algebras.
Revana: a comprehensive tool for regulatory variant analysis and visualization of cancer genomes
Authors: Ulrich Elias , Pfister Stefan M , Jäger Natalie
Published: December 2022

Motivation

As non-coding driver mutations move more into the focus of cancer research, a comprehensive and easy-to-use software solution for regulatory variant analysis and data visualization is highly relevant. The interpretation of regulatory variants in large tumor genome cohorts requires specialized analysis and visualization of multiple layers of data, including for example breakpoints of structural variants, enhancer elements and additional available gene locus annotation, in the context of changes in gene expression.

Results

We introduce a user-friendly tool, Revana (REgulatory Variant ANAlysis), that can aggregate and visually represent regulatory variants from cancer genomes in a gene-centric manner. It requires whole-genome and RNA sequencing data of a cohort of tumor samples and creates interactive HTML reports summarizing the most important regulatory events.

Availability and implementation

Revana is implemented in R and JavaScript. It is available for download as an R package under . Sample results can be viewed under  and a short walkthrough is available under .

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Asteroid: a new algorithm to infer species trees from gene trees under high proportions of missing data
Authors: Morel Benoit , Williams Tom A , Stamatakis Alexandros
Published: December 2022

Motivation

Missing data and incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) are two major obstacles to accurate species tree inference. Gene tree summary methods such as ASTRAL and ASTRID have been developed to account for ILS. However, they can be severely affected by high levels of missing data.

Results

We present Asteroid, a novel algorithm that infers an unrooted species tree from a set of unrooted gene trees. We show on both empirical and simulated datasets that Asteroid is substantially more accurate than ASTRAL and ASTRID for very high proportions (>80%) of missing data. Asteroid is several orders of magnitude faster than ASTRAL for datasets that contain thousands of genes. It offers advanced features such as parallelization, support value computation and support for multi-copy and multifurcating gene trees.

Availability and implementation

Asteroid is freely available at https://github.com/BenoitMorel/Asteroid.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
DFinder: a novel end-to-end graph embedding-based method to identify drug–food interactions
Authors: Wang Tao , Yang Jinjin , Xiao Yifu , Wang Jingru , Wang Yuxian , Zeng Xi , Wang Yongtian , Peng Jiajie
Published: December 2022

Motivation

Drug–food interactions (DFIs) occur when some constituents of food affect the bioaccessibility or efficacy of the drug by involving in drug pharmacodynamic and/or pharmacokinetic processes. Many computational methods have achieved remarkable results in link prediction tasks between biological entities, which show the potential of computational methods in discovering novel DFIs. However, there are few computational approaches that pay attention to DFI identification. This is mainly due to the lack of DFI data. In addition, food is generally made up of a variety of chemical substances. The complexity of food makes it difficult to generate accurate feature representations for food. Therefore, it is urgent to develop effective computational approaches for learning the food feature representation and predicting DFIs.

Results

In this article, we first collect DFI data from DrugBank and PubMed, respectively, to construct two datasets, named DrugBank-DFI and PubMed-DFI. Based on these two datasets, two DFI networks are constructed. Then, we propose a novel end-to-end graph embedding-based method named DFinder to identify DFIs. DFinder combines node attribute features and topological structure features to learn the representations of drugs and food constituents. In topology space, we adopt a simplified graph convolution network-based method to learn the topological structure features. In feature space, we use a deep neural network to extract attribute features from the original node attributes. The evaluation results indicate that DFinder performs better than other baseline methods.

Availability and implementation

The source code is available at https://github.com/23AIBox/23AIBox-DFinder.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A pairwise strategy for imputing predictive features when combining multiple datasets
Authors: Wu Yujie , Ren Boyu , Patil Prasad
Published: December 2022

Motivation

In the training of predictive models using high-dimensional genomic data, multiple studies’ worth of data are often combined to increase sample size and improve generalizability. A drawback of this approach is that there may be different sets of features measured in each study due to variations in expression measurement platform or technology. It is often common practice to work only with the intersection of features measured in common across all studies, which results in the blind discarding of potentially useful feature information that is measured in individual or subsets of studies.

Results

We characterize the loss in predictive performance incurred by using only the intersection of feature information available across all studies when training predictors using gene expression data from microarray and sequencing datasets. We study the properties of linear and polynomial regression for imputing discarded features and demonstrate improvements in the external performance of prediction functions through simulation and in gene expression data collected on breast cancer patients. To improve this process, we propose a pairwise strategy that applies any imputation algorithm to two studies at a time and averages imputed features across pairs. We demonstrate that the pairwise strategy is preferable to first merging all datasets together and imputing any resulting missing features. Finally, we provide insights on which subsets of intersected and study-specific features should be used so that missing-feature imputation best promotes cross-study replicability.

Availability and implementation

The code is available at https://github.com/YujieWuu/Pairwise_imputation.

Supplementary information

Supplementary information is available at Bioinformatics online.