bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrate Removal by Floating Treatment Wetlands Amended with Spent Coffee: A Mesocosm-Scale Evaluation
Authors: Keilhauer Mary G. , Messer Tiffany L. , Mittelstet Aaron R. , Franti Thomas G. , Corman Jessica
Published: January 2020

Highlights

A floating treatment wetland design was evaluated for water quality improvements.

Nitrate-N removal rates were quantified using spent coffee grounds as a carbon source.

Nitrate-N removal rates increased throughout the growing season

Abstract. The Midwestern U.S. is vulnerable to eutrophic conditions from high nutrient concentrations. Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are an innovative wetland design for nutrient removal from nonpoint sources and provide a unique treatment. The objectives of this project were to quantify nitrate removal in traditional and carbon-amended FTWs planted with Midwestern plant species during the establishment year. Three greenhouse experiments were conducted throughout the growing season using 18 mesocosms. Two vegetation designs were evaluated: rush species ( and ) and diverse species (, , , , , and ). Spent coffee grounds were applied to 9 of the 18 mesocosms as a carbon amendment. Nitrate-N removal increased during the establishment growing season in the FTW systems (Spring: 15.0% to 17.3%, Summer 1: 82.8% to 92.6%, Summer 2: 86.4% to 94.7%). Nitrate-N removal was also impacted by carbon amendments (FTW without amendment: 82.8% to 94.7%, FTW with amendment: 88.4% to 96.1%). Carbon additions were found to enhance denitrifying conditions even in the absence of FTWs (decreased dissolved oxygen, increased available organic carbon). Significant differences in nitrate-N removal were not observed between FTW vegetation designs. This study provides new insight on the impacts of the growing season, plant species, and carbon amendments on FTW nitrate-N removal performance during the establishment year. Keywords: Best management practices, Carbon amendment, Floating treatment wetlands, Nitrogen removal, Spent coffee grounds
Wetland Ecosystem Resilience: Protecting and Restoring Valuable Ecosystems
Authors: Messer Tiffany , Douglas-Mankin Kyle , Nelson Natalie , Etheridge James Randall
Published: January 2020

Highlights

We provide context and perspectives on articles in the Wetland Ecosystem Resilience collection.

Insights gained on wetland resilience to sea-level rise and climate change, land use and drainage, and nutrients.

Abstract. The objective of this article is to introduce a collection of articles that explore current research and scientific thought on wetland ecosystem resilience. The collection contains articles on wetland resilience to climate change, agricultural land use-driven change, and recreational land use, along with evaluations of wetland resilience through high-resolution monitoring and modeling tools. Wetland settings in the U.S. span tidal marshes and coastal plain non-riverine wetlands in North Carolina, prairie potholes in Iowa, Appalachian floodplain wetlands, and floating treatment wetlands in the Midwest. The studies in this collection found vertical accretion rates of 0.7 to 4.0 mm year-1 in a tidal marsh, a wide range of potential wetland hydroperiod responses to climate change, substantial decreases in inundation period, crop yield, and surface-water nitrate (but increases in phosphorus) in artificially drained potholes, and nitrate removal in carbon-amended floating treatment wetlands. Further work is needed to better understand how to design and enhance wetland systems in agricultural regions, better preserve wetland ecosystem services in areas affected by land use and climate change, and provide technical standards for the wide range of designs currently used for wetland treatment systems. Keywords: Agricultural wetlands, Resiliency, Temporal data, Treatment wetlands, Water chemistry, Water quality, Water treatment
Comparative Analyses of Three Sterilization Processes on Volatile Compounds in Sugarcane Juice
Authors: Wang Lu , Deng Weili , Wang Peng , Huang Wencheng , Zheng Tingyu , Cai Jihong , Wu Jiamin , Chen Jiebo
Published: January 2020

Abstract.

A better understanding of the changes in aroma during different treatments is beneficial for optimizing the processing parameters and sustaining the sensory quality of sugarcane juice. This study compared the aroma characteristics of sugarcane juice as subjected to thermal treatment (TT), membrane ultrafiltration (MU), and gamma irradiation (GI) using SPME-GC-MS and E-nose. Fresh juice (FJ) was used as the control group. Hexanal, 1-pentanol, 2-octanol, 3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecan-1-ol, and 1-penten-3-one were detected in FJ. Higher concentrations of alcohols, ketones, furans, and sulfur compounds led to higher response values of E-nose sensors S2, S6, S7, S8, and S9 for TT and GI treated juice. FJ and MU treated juice made up one group that had similar aroma characteristics based on principal component analysis. According to the results of correlation analysis, furans, furanones, ketones, and acids found in TT treated juice, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol found in MU treated juice, and two phenols found GI treated juice might be the critical compounds that led to the off-odor of sugarcane juice. Dimethyl sulfide as an off-flavor compound was detected in all three processed juices. The natural fresh taste of sugarcane juice was better maintained with MU treatment than with TT or GI treatment.

Highlights

Differences in volatile profiles of sugarcane juices produced by four methods were documented.

Aroma characteristics of four sugarcane juices were performed by E-nose.

The critical compounds that led to the off-odor of sugarcane juice were obtained by PLSR.

Aroma quality was best maintained after membrane ultrafiltration. Keywords: Aroma characteristics, Gamma irradiation, Membrane ultrafiltration, Sugarcane juice, Thermal treatment.
Community’s social capital in the management of Mutis Timau Protected Forest in Timor Island, Indonesia
Authors: Dako Fransiskus Xaverius , PURWANTO RIS HADI , FAIDA LIES RAHAYU W. , SUMARDI
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Dako FX, Purwanto RH, Faida LRW, Sumardi. 2019. Community’s social capital in the management of Mutis Timau Protected Forest in Timor Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2177-2187. The social capital of the community around Mutis Timau Protected Forest in Timor Island is unexplored. In fact, its social capital plays an important role to support sustainable management of the forest viewed from the ability of the community to work together in achieving common goals in groups and organizations. This study aimed to investigate the elements of community’s social capital (i.e. norms, beliefs, and networks) in nine villages located in and around Mutis Timau Protected Forest administratively managed by the Forest Management Unit of South Central Timor District using quantitative survey approach. The result of the study showed that two villages have strong social capital while seven villages have moderate category. Overall, the communities have strong level on the elements of trust in individuals and others, and knowledge and understanding on unwritten rules, but have moderate level on the elements of written rules/regulations, trust in institutions and regulations, organizational network, and participation network. Community participation increases the understanding of written rules, institutional trust and improves the development of social networks (organizational networks and participation) between groups. This results can be used as a reference for the Forest Management Unit of South Central Timor District when developing cooperation with communities that have traditional knowledge and local wisdom through norms, beliefs, and networks in managing and utilizing natural resources in Mutis Timau Protected Forest. Furthermore, the involvement of people with social capital in managing Mutis Timau Protected Forest can maintain forest sustainability and improve community welfare.
Short Communication: Diversity of plant species growing during fallow period of shifting cultivation and potential of its biomass for sustainable energy production in Mahakam Ulu, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: YULIANSYAH  , HAQIQI MUHAMMAD TAUFIQ , SEPTIA ELIS , MUJIASIH DEWI , SEPTIANA HELMI ALFATH , SETIAWAN KRISNA ADIB , SETIYONO BUDHI , ANGI EDDY MANGOPO , SAPARWADI  , SARI NUR MAULIDA , KUSUMA IRAWAN WIJAYA , RUJEHAN  , SUWINARTI WIWIN , AMIRTA RUDIANTO
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Yuliansyah, Haqiqi MT, Septia E, Mujiasih D, Septiana HA, Setiawan KA, Setiyono B, Angi EM, Saparwadi, Sari NM, Kusuma IW, Rujehan, Suwinarti W, Amirta R. 2019. Short Communication: Diversity of plant species growing during fallow period of shifting cultivation and potential of its biomass for sustainable energy production in Mahakam Ulu, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2236-2242. Fallow period is a time gap, as long as 15 years, for improving natural soil fertility of land used for traditional shifting cultivation, in the tropical areas commonly used by Dayak People in Borneo Island. During this period, many biomass plant species naturally grow and develop a new forest vegetation community with shrub and medium trees, dominated by fast-growing pioneer species. In this study, we investigated the plant diversity in fallowed shifting cultivation area in Batu Majang Village, Mahakam Ulu District, East Kalimantan Province, followed by analysis of the suitability of wood characteristics for energy production. We classified the study area according to the age of fallow period as: 1-3 years, 4-6 years, 7-9 years and 10-15 years. We found 29 species among which 13 were identified as the top species according to the highest value for important value index. Potential wood biomass production increased from 3.01 m3 ha-1 to 399.62 m3 ha-1. V. pinnata and M. pearsonii showed the highest dominance which is present in almost all area based on age classification groups. Wood from V. pinnata achieved the highest calorific valueof18.00 MJ kg-1 whereas N. cadamba and M. sericea were in the second and third places with the value of 17.30 MJ kg-1 and 17.28 MJ kg-1, respectively. Therefore, V. pinnata was an important species among all other species observed because of high adaptability and high energy content. In addition, possible energy production at the end of the fallow period of 15 years was 2.92 GJ ha-1.
Growth performance and wood quality of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) progeny testing at Parung Panjang, Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: Chaerani Nurul , SUDRAJAT DEDE J , SIREGAR ISKANDAR Z , SIREGAR ULFAH J
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Chaerani N, Sudrajat DJ, Siregar IZ, Siregar UJ. 2019. Growth performance and wood quality of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) progeny testing at Parung Panjang, Bogor, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2295-2301. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic parameters of growth and wood quality in white jabon progeny test at 54 months old in Parung Panjang, Bogor. The 105 half-sib families obtained from 12 provenances were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with five replications. Wood quality was assessed both in a non-destructive way using a pilodyn and by destructive method using wood sample taker. Results indicated that the mean value ranged from 5.10 to 10.15 m for height, 6.67 to 15.30 cm for diameter, 2.30 to 3.62 cm for pilodyn penetration, 0.66 to 0.82 g/cm3 for wood density, 0.33 to 0.50 for specific gravity, and 66 to 111 % for moisture content, respectively. There were significant differences among 105 families for all traits except moisture content. The high heritability estimate was found for height (0.4-0.69) and basic density (0.27-0.59). Applying 80% selection intensity on diameter and leaving 84 best families in each block will produce a high total genetic gain. Pilodyn penetration had negative correlation with diameter, wood density, and specific gravity.
Phenetic analysis of Curcuma spp. in Yogyakarta, Indonesia based on morphological and anatomical characters
Authors: Sungkawati Mulya , L. HIDAYATI  , B.S. DARYONO  , Purnomo Purnomo
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Sungkawati M, Hidayati L, Daryono BS, Purnomo. 2019. Phenetic analysis of Curcuma spp. in Yogyakarta, Indonesia based on morphological and anatomical characters. Biodiversitas 20: 2340-2347. Curcuma spp., also known as ginger (Zingiberaceae), has economic value in traditional medicine. However, its many morphological variations cause difficulties in identification and classification. Therefore, observation of its morphological and anatomical characteristics, and of the phenetic relationships between Curcuma species, is important. This research aims to determine the specific characteristics of Curcuma spp. and to examine its phenetic relationships based on morphological and anatomical characteristics. The research was conducted in July 2018-February 2019 in the Bantul, Gunungkidul, Sleman and Karanganyar regions. Observation of the anatomical characteristics was conducted on the leaves and rhizomes and the data analyzed according to descriptive and quantitative/numerical methods. Clustering analysis with the Gower General Similarity Coefficient and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the role of each character in groupings. The results of the research found seven species from 23 OTUs observed (C. aeruginosa, C. domestica, C. manga and C. xanthorrhiza, each with four OTUs; C. soloensis and C. zedoaria, with three OTUs each; and C. heyneana with one OTU) and showed that specific morphological characteristics were found in the flesh color rhizome, pseudostem color and midrib color. Specific anatomical characteristics were evident in the secretion cell color and the presence of trichomes on the leaves and rhizomes. The dendrogram shows a 0.70 phenon line consisting of two groups, group A (C. soloensis and C. domestica) fused in a 0.760 similarity index, and group B (C. aeruginosa, C. mangga, C. heyneana, C. soloensis, C. xanthorrhiza and C. zedoaria) fused in a 0.654 similarity index, which means that C. soloensis and C. domestica have a close phenetic relationship. The 0.80 phenon line consisted of five groups: C. domestica, C. soloensis, C. xanthorrhiza, C. zedoaria-C. mangga-C. heyneana and C. aeruginosa.
Genome group classification and diversity analysis of talas and rutai banana, two local cultivars from East Kalimantan, based on morphological characters
Authors: Sunaryo Widi , Mulyadi Ahmad , NURHASANAH
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Sunaryo W, Mulyadi A, Nurhasanah. 2019. Genome group classification and diversity analysis of talas and rutai banana, two local cultivars from East Kalimantan, based on morphological characters. Biodiversitas 20: 2355-2367. Talas and rutai banana are two local cultivars grown in East Kalimantan and long-time used as dessert or cooking bananas for traditional food and cakes, but unfortunately, their taxonomic and genetic status are still little known. This study was conducted to explore their taxonomic and genetic status through morphological observation, genomic group classification and diversity analysis of talas and rutai banana compared to other recognized and identified bananas in Indonesia, i.e., liar/monyet, Ambon, tanduk and klutuk banana. In total 108 morphological characters were observed on site of growing area using the “Descriptors for Banana (Musa spp.)” morphological indicators. The genome group classification was carried out using Simmonds and Shepherd scoring system toward fifteen key banana characters. The diversity analysis was performed using Hierarchy Cluster Analysis at MINITAB 17.1 software based on the selected characters of the highest Principal Component Analysis (PCA) values. The morphological observation showed that the characters of talas and rutai banana are much closely related to those of belonging to M. acuminata although some characters showed balbisiana-type. In addition, liar/monyet and klutuk banana morphological characters were exactly matched with the M. acuminata and M. balbisiana accessions. Furthermore, most of Ambon banana morphological characters are similar to M. acuminata, but tanduk banana had a combination characters between M. acuminate and M. balbisiana. The genome group classification showed that talas and rutai banana are the AAB genotype, while liar/monyet, Ambon, tanduk, and klutuk were grouped into AA, AAA, AB, and BB genotype, respectively. The diversity analysis showed that talas and rutai banana have a very high similarity about 75% and closed related to AA/AAA genotype i.e., liar/monyet and Ambon with similarities level of 45%.
Abundance and species diversity of predatory arthropods inhabiting rice of refuge habitats and synthetic insecticide application in freshwater swamps in South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: TILI KARENINA  , Herlinda Siti , CHANDRA IRSAN  , YULIA PUJIASTUTI
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Karenina T, Herlinda S, Irsan C, Pujiastuti Y. 2019. Abundance and species diversity of predatory arthropods inhabiting rice of refuge habitats and synthetic insecticide application in freshwater swamps in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2375-2387. Rice cultivation in freshwater swamps in Indonesia is specific, among other things, there is no synthetic pesticide spraying and vegetable growing on rice field embankments. This specific cultivation technique can affect the abundance and diversity of rice-dwelling arthropods species. The study aimed to compare the abundance and species diversity of predatory arthropods inhabiting rice surrounded both by refugia and vegetables and by those being applied with synthetic insecticide in the rice field of freshwater swamps. This study used rice plots surrounded by refugia flower (Zinnia sp., Tagetes erecta, Cosmo caudatus, and Sesamum indicum); vegetables (Cucumis sativus, Vigna sinensis, Luffa acutangula, and Momordica charantia); untreated; and synthetic insecticide. Twenty-five herbivore species of 12 families, 34 spider species of 8 families, and 24 species of predatory insects of 12 families were found on rice during a planting season. The lowest herbivore population and spider abundance were found on synthetic insecticide sprayed rice and they were significantly different from those of refugia-rice plots. The most abundant spiders and predatory insects were found on rice surrounded by refugia and were not significantly different from those of rice surrounded by vegetables. The highest species diversity for spiders and predatory insects was found on rice surrounded by refugia, whereas the lowest species diversity was found on synthetic pesticide sprayed rice. Therefore, rice surrounded by refugia flowers and vegetables was the most appropriate for habitat and niche of predatory arthropods.
Leaf chlorophyll content in North Sulawesi (Indonesia) local rice cultivars subjected to polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000-induced water deficit at the vegetative phase
Authors: Nio Song Ai , Pirade MONALISA , Ludong DANIEL PETER MANTILEN
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Nio SA, Pirade M, Ludong DPM. 2019. Leaf chlorophyll content in North Sulawesi (Indonesia) local rice cultivars subjected to polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000-induced water deficit at the vegetative phase. Biodiversitas 20: 2462-2467. Climate change can result in drought stress in the environment and this condition reduces rice production. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used to induce water deficit, because it is able to decrease water potential in the solution. The present study aimed to evaluate the physiological response of North Sulawesi local rice (cvs. Superwin, Ombong, Burungan, and Temo) to PEG 8000-induced water deficit based on the leaf chlorophylls (a, b and total chl.) content at the vegetative phase. The results of this study showed that PEG 8000-induced water deficit with media water potential (WP) -0.25 and -0.5 MPa decreased the content of leaf total chlorophyll and leaf chlorophyll a. The longer treatment period could reduce the contents of leaf total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The content of leaf chlorophyll total and chlorophyll a were potential physiological indicators for North Sulawesi local rice response to PEG 8000-induced water deficit.
Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of exopolysaccharide-producing fungi as a source of food additives
Authors: Akroman Robby , NURHAYATI NURHAYATI , SONY SUWASONO  , JAY JAYUS
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Akroman R, Nurhayati N, Suwasono S, Jayus J. 2019. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of exopolysaccharide-producing fungi as a source of food additives. Biodiversitas 20: 2468-2474. As the demand for materials suitable for edible film in food processing is increasing, the exploration of exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing fungi is important. Some fungi had been reported to produce extracellular polysaccharide having rheological properties potential as thickener and or plasticizer useful for edible film raw material. Therefore, this study was focused on isolation and identification of EPS-producing fungi from the plantation area surrounding the University of Jember, Indonesia. The fungal isolate obtained was morphologically identified based on mycelia and spore type, while its genotype was determined using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The optimum initial culture pH for EPS production was measured using shake flask culture fermentation. The rheological properties of the EPS were determined using Brookfield viscometer, and surface structure of EPS was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result showed that the mycelium of the isolate was reddish-brown and septated, its spores were formed as conidiospores. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequence of the fungus showed that the isolate is a new species. Therefore, it was designated as C. lunata isolate RJ01. Optimum initial pH for EPS production was pH 6.0, achieved after 5 days fermentation yielded 2.6 g L-1 of EPS. The EPS from C. lunata isolate RJ01 have no cytotoxic activity on vero cell. The rheological behaviour of C. lunata EPS was viscous, and its surface structure of EPS was compact indicating its potency as thickening agent and plasticizer, a material required for edible film formation in food industries.
Short Communication: The color fastness of cotton cloth dyed with dye extracted from skin of shallot (Allium ascalonicum)
Authors: Sarwono Sarwono , SIGIT SANTOSA  , NADIA SIGI PRAMESWARI
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Sarwono, Santosa S, Prameswari NS. 2019. Short Communication: The color fastness of cotton cloth dyed with dye extracted from skin of shallot (Allium ascalonicum). Biodiversitas 20: 2475-2479. Inventing new sources of materials in textile coloration industry in Indonesia, especially batik industry, is necessary for the preservation of Indonesia’s textile heritage. Focusing on the exploitation of Allium ascalonicum L., this present study aimed at discovering whether shallot skin can be used as a natural dye for textile through the fixation of alum, chalk, and tunjung. It also tried to shed light on the method of applying dye from the skin of shallot to cotton cloth for batik and measured the color fastness. The test of color fastness was done using Staining Scale and Grey Scale. Data were gathered through observation and analyzed descriptively. The results of color fastness test showed that the color fastness of cotton cloth dyed with extract of shallot skin using alum fixation was fairly good based on color change and sufficient based on staining scale. The test results using chalk fixation showed that the color fastness was poor based on color change, but sufficient based on staining scale. Other results with tunjung fixation showed that the color fastness was sufficient.
Genetic variations among selected wild Asian elephant populations in Peninsular Malaysia based on mitochondrial D-loop region DNA sequences
Authors: KARUPPANNAN KAYAL VIZI , RAHMAN NOR AIFAT , MOHAMED KHAIRUL AMIRIN , AHMAD TAHIR NURUL FARAH DIYANA , NORDIN FATIN MARDHIAH , YAAKOP SALMAH , MALDONADO JESÚS E , MD ZAIN BADRUL MUNIR
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Karuppannan KV, Aifat NR, Mohamed KA,  Ahmad-Tahir NFD,  Nordin FM, Yaakop S, Maldonado JE, Md-Zain BM. 2019. Genetic variations among selected wild Asian elephant populations in Peninsular Malaysia based on mitochondrial D-loop region DNA sequences. Biodiversitas 20: 2494-2502. Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) is an important large mammal in Peninsular Malaysia and is completely protected by the Wildlife Conservation Act 2010 (Act 716). The conservation of this species requires strong information-based research, such as genetic evaluations. The aim of this study was to compare mitochondrial control region variation among selected elephants from the Taman Negara National Parks (TNNP) population with other selected populations in Peninsular Malaysia. DNA materials were extracted from fecal samples and amplified using partial mitochondrial D-loop region. Total 13 haplotypes with haplotype diversity (Hd) of 0.7524 were observed. A total of 34 base pair (bp) segregation sites were formed in 547 bp sequences. Both phylogenetic trees showed that a few individual elephants from the TNNP formed a clade together with individuals from other populations. The remaining individual elephants from TNNP formed a monophyletic clade supported by a high bootstrap value. Low genetic distance was detected among the tested populations, which proved that both individuals from the TNNP and other selected populations have similar genetic patterns. High gene flow among tested populations would impact on fitness and long-term resilience of the populations. This highly significant outcome provides strong baseline data for Department of Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP) in monitoring elephant populations in order to reduce number of human-elephant conflicts which indirectly minimize translocating conflict elephants to TNNP.
Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship among Anabantoidei fish (Anabantiformes) in South Kalimantan, Indonesia based on SDS-PAGE analysis
Authors: Sasmita Rani , Mabrur Mabrur , UMMY SHALIHA AULIA RAHMY  , Badruzsaufari Badruzsaufari
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Sasmita R, Mabrur, Rahmy USA, Badruzsaufari. 2019. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship among Anabantoidei fish (Anabantiformes) in South Kalimantan, Indonesia based on SDS-PAGE analysis. Biodiversitas 20: 2519-2527. Protein profile is a molecular marker for diversity and phylogenetic analysis of germplasm, including Anabantoidei fish which is abundant in freshwater ecosystem of South Kalimantan. The aim of this research was to analyze genetic diversity and construct phylogenetic relationship among Anabantoidei fish based on SDS PAGE analysis. Protein was extracted from muscle tissue of six species of Anabantoidei fish and precipitated using Ammonium sulfate salt. Soluble protein content was determined using Bradford assay and then separated based on SDS-PAGE method. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship were constructed using PAST software based on UPGMA method. The results showed that the soluble protein of fish muscle can be precipitated optimally in different ammonium sulfate concentration. Based on SDS-PAGE analysis, 59 different protein bands have been separated from gels with molecular weight ranging from 28.15 to 181.61 kDa. On the protein level, the Anabantoidei fish showed high genetic polymorphism (greater than 90%) with 3, 2 and 5 monomorphic bands on non-precipitated, AS-precipitated and combination between non- and AS-precipitated proteins, respectively. The phylogenetic reconstruction also exhibited that the Anabantoidei fish has the unique phylogenetic trees, especially for the combined protein datasets. This information would be useful for freshwater fish conservation and breeding programs.
Density and diet of invasive alien anuran species in a disturbed landscape: A case in the University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines
Authors: Jabon Kublai Januar , Gamalo Lief Erikson , Responte Mae , Abad Reynaldo , Gementiza Glenn Dale , Achondo Marion John Michael
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Jabon KJD, Gamalo LED, Responte MA, Abad RG, Gementiza GDC, Achondo MJMM. 2019. Density and diet of invasive alien anuran species in a disturbed landscape: A case in the University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines. Biodiversitas 20: 2554-2560. The population density and diet composition of three invasive alien anuran species (IAS) (Kaloula pulchra, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, and Rhinella marina), recorded from a disturbed landscape in the University of the Philippines Mindanao campus, were determined in this study. With the total area of 18 km2 covered, R. marina (3.89 ind/km2) showed to have the highest density followed by K. pulchra (0.83 ind/km2) then H. rugulosus (0.056 ind/km2). Furthermore, 20 samples of R. marina and 10 samples of K. pulchra were used for gut analysis in which all have stomach contents. Thirteen prey orders were identified in both species with different degrees of prey digestion. The Frequency of Occurrence (FOO) showed orders Spirobolida, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera were constantly occurring in R. marina while only Hymenoptera for K. pulchra. On the other hand, Degree of Food Preference showed similarities with Hymenoptera as the most preferred prey in both species, especially for K. pulchra (2.8) as compared to R. marina (1.8). Accidental occurrence and occasionally preferred food items such as organic and inorganic matter were also present in both species. A notable record of a skink (Reptilia, Scincidae) as prey item was found in R. marina, indicative of its generalist and carnivorous diet and its potential impact on the native vertebrate fauna in the area. This study proposes that the occurrence of IAS with regards to their high density and variable prey preferences can be a factor disturbing biological diversity in an altered landscape.
Aspectos da anacorese na narrativa de Teodorico Raposo em A Relíquia
Authors: De Sousa Marcio Jean Fialho
Published: January 2020

Pensar sobre os processos de anacorese e de escrita de si a partir das obras de Eça de Queirós só é possível ao se busca compreeder o conjunto da obra queirosiana em seu contexto sócio-cultural de produção, terreno fértil e que apresenta suas diversas especificidades, ainda que alguns de seus aspectos tenham sido alvo da crítica afiada de Eça de Queirós. É apenas a partir desse viés cultural que os processos de anacorese e escrita de si tornam-se possíveis de serem pensadas na obra de Eça de Queirós, particularmente em O Mandarim, de 1880, e em A Relíquia, de 1887. Neste artigo, porém, o foco de análise estará em A Relíquia, a partir da personagem Teodorico Raposo. Como arcaboço teórico, foram utilizada as especificidades do processo de anacorese e da escrita de si a partir da perspectiva teórica de Michel Foucault.
Ferro arrependido: um panorama da recepção de Eça de Queirós em 1945
Authors: Margato Izabel , Góes Breno
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho consiste em uma leitura do discurso “O Centenário de Eça de Queirós”, de António Ferro. Trata-se de uma fonte que permite que se trace um panorama das comemorações do primeiro centenário de nascimento de Eça, bem como um esquema do contexto histórico-político que cercou essa efeméride, marcado pela primeira grande crise do salazarismo em Portugal. O objetivo da análise é demonstrar como a produção sobre o autor neste momento teve sucesso em sua tentativa de desafiar o discurso monológico oficial e fundar em torno de Eça de Queirós um debate estético e político.
O “São Frei Gil”, de Eça de Queirós
Authors: Mendes Eduardo Soczek
Published: January 2020

Eça de Queirós (1845-1900) é muito mais conhecido pelos seus romances realistas, entretanto, o autor se dedicou a elaboração de muitos outros gêneros, como o conto e a crônica, e até mesmo reelaborou histórias de santos. Visto que são três as revisitações hagiográficas de Eça, neste estudo, averiguaremos uma delas, a que está inacabada “São Frei Gil”. Essas narrativas, escritas durante a última década de vida, vieram a público postumamente, em 1912, em Últimas páginas. Em “São Frei Gil”, Eça retoma a lenda egidiana, preexistente em Portugal, ambientando na Idade Média a história do santo que pactuou com o Diabo. Nossa proposta é a de analisar a forma como a narrativa é construída e, se é possível, com efeito, afirmar que o escritor, ao fim de sua vida, havia se acomodado e se resignado com o velho Portugal e com os poderes instituídos, deixando de lado a escrita irônica para dar vazão a uma produção de enaltecimento pátrio. Para tanto, verificaremos de que maneira se realizou o diálogo com a tradição pregressa da lenda e como o narrador discorre acerca de Gil, da ambientação e de outras personagens. Dialogaremos, sobretudo, com as propostas de Antonio Candido (1964), Ian Watt (1997) e Sofia Sousa e Silva (2002).
Tecnofobia e ficção científica brasileira: o Complexo de Frankenstein no conto Ascensão e queda de Robhéa, manequim & robô de Caio Fernando Abreu
Authors: Santos Naiara Sales Araújo , Martins Jucélia De Oliveira
Published: January 2020

RESUMO: O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o conto “Ascensão e queda de Robhéa, manequim e robô”, do autor Caio Fernando Abreu e apontar aspectos que conferem a esta narrativa um cunho tecnofóbico. A tecnofobia na obra apresenta-se por meio do Complexo de Frankenstein, que é o medo direcionado aos seres artificiais produtos dos avanços tecnológicos. Para tanto, serão utilizados apontamentos de estudiosos tais como Alberto Cupani (2017), Isaac Asimov (1984), Langdon Winner (1986), Maria-Elena Osiceanu (2015), Zygmunt Bauman (2008), dentre outros.Palavras-Chave: Ficção Científica. Tecnofobia. Complexo de Frankenstein.
As velhas novas casas de Usher
Authors: Salles Juliana Rodrigues , Lima Mirella Márcia Longo Vieira
Published: January 2020

Edgard Allan Poe, writing a short story titled The Fall of the House of Usher in 1839, brought the story of  two brothers, the last descendants of a noble lineage, of an ancient and illustrious but decaying family who succumb along with the mansion. who inhabit. This work has points in common with Os Maias, by Eça de Queirós and also with The Chronicle of the Murdered House, by Lucio Cardoso in many ways, from some points in the plot to the description of the houses and their anthropomorphisms. In analyzing passages from the works, we see that Eça de Queirós and Lúcio Cardoso have inspiration from Gothic literature to describe parts of the houses in which the plots appear, creating an atmosphere of decay and finitude.
O acervo de Eulálio Motta e os perfis do poeta contador de histórias
Authors: Santana Barreiros Liliane Lemos
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os itinerários do escritor baiano Eulálio de Miranda Motta (1907-1988) pelas tipografias do sertão baiano, com o intuito de socializar suas publicações, difundir a obra do escritor e as atividades realizada no âmbito do Projeto de Pesquisa Edição das obras inéditas de Eulálio Motta (Resolução UEFS/CONSEPE 070/2016; CNPq; FAPESB). O acervo do escritor está alocado na Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana e é composto, principalmente, de documentos arquivados por ele, relacionados a sua vida pessoal, profissional e literária. A diversidade de manuscritos éditos e inéditos preservados tem permitido a produção de vários estudos acadêmicos, em diferentes perspectivas teóricas. Após o estudo sistemático do acervo do escritor, foi possível identificar três pseudônimos de maior recorrência, Liota, Braz Cubas e João Ninguém, utilizados por Eulálio Motta em quatro periódicos baianos: jornal Mundo Novo (1931 a 1932, Mundo Novo-BA); jornal O Lidador (1933 a 1935, Jacobina-BA); jornal O Serrinhense (1950 a 1951, Serrinha-BA); e jornal Gazeta do Povo (1960-1961, Feira de Santana-BA). Esses pseudônimos revelam os diferentes perfis que o escritor assumia diante do seu público, de acordo com o tema que abordava. Nesse trabalho, descreve-se a sociohistória dos textos de Eulálio Motta e o percurso do escritor, enquanto poeta, jornalista, panfletário e cronista, situando quem é o sujeito-autor, o que conta, para quem conta, quem são seus interlocutores, os cenários da sua escrita e o processo de recolha dos textos na comunidade como registro da memória local.
Static resource allocation of advanced reservation requests in elastic optical networks
Authors: Zhao Yi , Zhang Qi , Xin Xiangjun , Li Yiqiang , Gao Ran , Tao Ying , Tian Qinghua , Tian Feng , Chen Dong , Cao Guixing
Published: January 2020

Considering the flexibility characteristic of advanced reservation (AR)
requests, the problem of static routing, modulation, spectrum, and
time assignment (RMSTA) of AR requests in elastic optical networks is
studied in this paper, in order to deploy the spectrum resource
economically and enable more requests to be served. The
multi-objective integer linear program (ILP) model, which can minimize
the maximum utilized frequency and time slot indices as well as find a
trade-off between them, is used to formulate the RMSTA problem. Then
the proportion optimal RMSTA (PO-RMSTA) heuristic algorithm with three
sorting strategies is proposed to get the sub-optimal solutions. The
PO-RMSTA algorithm and sorting strategies, ascending order of elastic time (AET), descending order of data
volume (DDV), and ascending order of alternative schemes
(AAS), are simulated in our work and proved to obtain the
approximate optimal solutions. The sorting policy AET achieved the
best performance when minimizing the maximum utilized frequency slot
index, whereas the sorting policy DDV worked best when minimizing the
maximum utilized time slot index. As for the compromise between two
indices, both AET and AAS provided satisfying results.
Time-resolved visualization of high-repetition ultrashort pulse laser ablation
Authors: Kraft Sebastian , Schille Joerg , Mauersberger Stefan , Schneider Lutz , Loeschner Udo
Published: January 2020

A pump–probe setup including a Robert-cell-type delay stage is calculated and built in the presented study. The goal is to visualize laser beam material interactions upon highly repetitive ultrashort pulse irradiations by shadowgraph imaging, which makes a valuable contribution to clarify the occurring interaction phenomena in this field. Ultrashort laser pulses (

λ
=
1030

n
m

;

τ

H

=
400

f
s

) are irradiated onto a bright-rolled stainless steel metal plate (AISI 316). The high-speed shadowgraph sequences are captured for the time-resolved imaging of plasma and shockwave evolution during material ablation. The captured time frame ranges from the time just before the next pulse irradiates the interaction zone until 2 µs after pulse irradiation. The first part of the experimental study features the shockwave dynamics and evolution of the laser plasma/ablation plume as induced upon single-pulse irradiations. It is shown that the expansion velocity of the shockwave decreases from 10 km/s shortly after pulse irradiation to 6.1 km/s at 41 ns after pulse irradiation. The second part deals with laser pulse trains by irradiating up to 10 pulses at 500 kHz pulse repetition frequency to the substrate. For increasing pulse numbers, the shadowgraphs show a steady increase in height and width of the laser plasma/ablation plume that were measured at 2.4 mm in height and 1.2 mm in width after the 10th pulse.
Void-free bonding for a large slab laser crystal
Authors: Lin Yan-Yong , Gao Hong-Wei , Chen Zhong-Zheng , Xu Jia-Lin , Yuan Lei , Zuo Jun-Wei , Xu Yi-Ting , Guo Ya-Ding , Wang Bao-Shan , Xu Jian , Bo Yong , Peng Qin-Jun , Xu Zu-Yan
Published: January 2020

A void-free bonding technique was demonstrated for a large slab Nd: YAG crystal with a bonding surface dimension of

∼

160

m
m

×

70

m
m

. By using the novel fluxless oxide layer removal technology, the indium-oxide barrier problem was resolved. With the help of electrochemical-polished indium solder and a plasma-cleaned heat sink, the solderability of the indium was enhanced; in particular, the contact angle of the solder was improved from 51° to 31°. With the largest-bonding-size slab, a single-slab laser created a maximum output power of 7.3 kW under an absorbed pump power of 12.8 kW, corresponding to an optical to optical efficiency of 57% and a slope conversion of 67.8%. By detecting the wavefront of the interferometer before and after bonding, the RMS of wavefront was

0.192

λ

and

0.434

λ

(

λ
=

633

n
m

), respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest void-free bonding size for a laser slab and the highest output power achieved from a single-slab crystal laser oscillator.
Optical color image encryption based on chaotic fingerprint phase mask in various domains and comparative analysis
Authors: Su Yonggang , Xu Wenjun , Zhao Jie , Chen Lei , Tian Xiaoyan
Published: January 2020

Random phase masks serve as secret keys and play a vital role in double random phase encoding architecture. In this paper, we propose a new, to the best of our knowledge, method to generate the random phase masks using the chaotic Henon map and fingerprint. We then extend the generated chaotic fingerprint phase masks to the Fourier transform domain, fractional Fourier transform domain, Fresnel transform domain, and Gyrator transform domain to encrypt color images. In these four color image encryption schemes, the fingerprint and chaotic parameters serve as secret keys directly, and the chaotic fingerprint phase masks are just used as interim variables and functions. If the sender and receiver share the fingerprint, only the chaotic parameters are needed to transmit over the network. Thus, the management and transmission of the secret keys in these four encryption schemes are convenient. In addition, the fingerprint keys which are strongly linked with the sender or receiver can enhance the security of these four encryption schemes greatly. Extensive numerical simulations have been carried out to verify the feasibility, security, and robustness of these four color image encryption schemes.
Level-line moirés by superposition of cylindrical microlens gratings
Authors: Walger Thomas , Besson Théophane , Flauraud Valentin , Hersch Roger D. , Brugger Juergen
Published: January 2020

Two superposed layers of transparent cylindrical lenslet gratings create classical moiré fringes when illuminated from behind. We rely on this observation to conceive special devices made of superposed lenslet gratings that produce compelling beating shapes when tilted against the light. Level-line moirés are created by superposing gratings of cylindrical lenslets of the same period on both sides of a substrate and by locally shifting some of the cylindrical lenses according to the moiré theory. Depending on the illumination and the viewing conditions, constant light intensities or colors move across graphical elements or faces. Such level-line moiré samples have been fabricated and characterized to determine the optimal fabrication parameters. Thanks to their striking visual appeal and their relatively challenging fabrication, moirés created by superposition of lenslets have a high potential for document security, art, and decoration.
Maintaining the breadth and depth—a tribute to the volunteers of JOSA B: editorial
Authors: Busch Kurt
Published: January 2020

Editor-in-Chief Kurt Busch introduces the JOSA B Editorial Board.
Editorial: Message from the Incoming Editor
Authors: Alonso Miguel
Published: January 2020

Miguel Alonso, beginning his term as Editor-in-Chief, looks forward to continuing Optics Letters’ tradition of serving the optics and photonics community and publishing high-impact short communications.
Hairy gold nanorods: gold nanowire growth on nanosubstrates [Invited]
Authors: Yang Wenjuan , Yap Lim Wei , Gong Shu , Cheng Wenlong
Published: January 2020

We report on the synthesis of a new metallic nanoarchitecture, namely, hairy gold nanorods that were carefully designed and engineered the seed-mediated growth of gold nanowires on the sub-nanometer scale gold nanorod substrate. The thickness of the gold nanowires grown could be tuned from 5 to 9 nm by controlling the ratio of HAuCl4 to 4-Mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA) from 2.5 to 25 while the length of gold nanowires could be controlled between 47 nm to 15 µm by varying the concentration of silica coated gold nanorod in the gold solution. The high-aspect-ratio hairy gold nanowires tethered to concentric gold nanorod could be used for fabrication of soft flexible high performance resistive strain sensors and soft surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate.
Accurate determination of nonlinear refraction in ZnO and Au composite nanostructures
Authors: Walden Sarah L. , Fernando Joseph F. S. , Shortell Matthew P. , Jaatinen Esa A.
Published: January 2020

It is now well established that the nonlinear optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles can be significantly enhanced by coupling them to metallic nanoparticles. While the nonlinear absorption properties are well reported, there is large variation in the coefficients of nonlinear refraction reported in literature, largely due to simplifications made during the analysis of experimental z-scan data used to determine the coefficients. This work presents closed aperture z-scan theory which incorporates the effects of nonlinear absorption, thus providing a more accurate measure of the coefficient of nonlinear refraction. With this theory, it is shown that the coefficient of nonlinear refraction increases by an order of magnitude when ZnO is coupled to Au nanoparticles.
Consideraciones sobre el cirujano comadrón en los siglos XVIII y XIX, el caso de Vitoria (Álava, España)
Authors: Ferreiro Ardións Manuel , Lezaun Valdubieco Juan , Correyero Tadeo Flor
Published: January 2020

La paulatina asunción del Arte de Partear por la Cirugía desde el s. XVIII es vista, desde la historiografía actual de las matronas, como una usurpación ilegítima amparada por un corpus legal sustentado en una premisa no objetivada: el alto coste humano derivado de la impericia de las matronas que se remediaría por la competencia de los cirujanos. Centrándonos en esto último, se plantea el objetivo de conocer si los cirujanos demostraron esa competencia en el parto. Tras la revisión de documentación primaria de los siglos XVIII y XIX en la ciudad de Vitoria (Álava, España), se han identificado 3 acciones directas de los cirujanos en relación al parto, 7 acciones indirectas o contextuales y 3 opiniones expertas que permiten establecer que los cirujanos que ejercieron en Vitoria carecieron de competencias demostradas sobre el parto tanto antes de 1750 como después, cuando era requisito examinarse para ejercer como cirujano comadrón. Solo desde la continuidad del contrato al cirujano podría conjeturarse algún desarrollo de esas competencias; si bien, documentalmente, dicha continuidad provino de las dificultades económicas del ayuntamiento y no de las mayores competencias demostradas por los cirujanos.
Warfarina y prácticas culturales
Authors: Gómez Leal Julian Eduardo , González Lozano Raul Antonio
Published: January 2020

La terapia anticoagulante es un tratamiento utilizado clínicamente desde la década de los años 50. Actualmente y a pesar de la aparición de nuevos fármacos la warfarina sigue siendo el medicamento más utilizado. La necesidad de monitoreo frecuente, además de la interacción con fármacos y alimentos, así como la necesidad de transformar la cotidianidad de las personas que la consumen, modifican las prácticas culturales de estos pacientes, pudiendo afectar aspectos tales como la adherencia. Objetivo general: Describir las prácticas culturales transformadas por las personas pertenecientes a un programa de anticoagulación en terapia con warfarina. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo tipo micro etnografía, realizado en Bogotá, Colombia. Resultados: Se contó con la participación de 10 informantes quienes asociado al uso de warfarina transformaron prácticas culturales en torno al conocimiento, la cotidianidad y las emociones.