bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formação na licenciatura e prática pedagógica inclusiva na educação básica: encontros possíveis
Authors: Amaral Mateus Henrique do , Monteiro Maria Inês Bacellar
Published: August 2021

O texto debate as relações entre a formação de professores em cursos de licenciatura e as práticas pedagógicas inclusivas na escola comum. Tem como objetivo analisar as possibilidades formativas para as práticas pedagógicas inclusivas na educação básica. Para tanto, toma como base a interpretação de situações de um estudo de campo realizado no estágio supervisionado de um curso de Letras – Língua Portuguesa. Os registros foram feitos a partir da gravação de áudio de discussões realizadas durante momentos de supervisão, dos quais participavam professora formadora, pesquisador e professores em formação, com posterior transcrição de alguns episódios. Com base na psicologia histórico-cultural e na perspectiva enunciativo-discursiva, são analisados três episódios que tematizam a avaliação de alunos com deficiência intelectual e as práticas de ensino em Língua Portuguesa para estudantes surdos na escola comum. Destacam-se os modos como os professores em formação se apropriam das práticas pedagógicas a partir dos sentidos em circulação negociados na supervisão. Considera-se a importância de projetos formativos nas licenciaturas voltados para o compromisso com a participação de todos os alunos nas práticas pedagógicas. Também é indicada a necessidade de espaços que não só garantam o debate acerca dessas práticas nos diferentes componentes curriculares, como componentes específicos que permitam desvelar as condições concretas em que a inclusão dos estudantes com deficiência é proclamada, repensando formas de construção de novas relações nos diferentes espaços sociais.
Identificação do talento musical na escola
Authors: Koga Fabiana Oliveira , Rangni Rosemeire De Araújo
Published: August 2021

O talento musical pode se manifestar em qualquer pessoa, independente de nível socioeconômico, cultural, gênero e etnia. Entende-se, que identificação do talento musical nas escolas é o passo inicial para que os estudantes possam ser cadastrados e receber o atendimento educacional especializado, de acordo com a legislação. Assim, este artigo objetivou-se identificar estudantes com indicadores de talento musical, a partir do uso do Protocolo para Screening de Habilidades Musicais (PSHM), de uma rede básica de ensino em uma cidade do interior paulista. A pesquisa foi de caráter exploratório e participaram 653 estudantes (352 meninas e 301 meninos) do Ensino Fundamental (anos iniciais) de escolas públicas e particulares. Os resultados indicaram que 16%(n=104) dos participantes apresentaram indicadores de talento musical, no entanto, 11 (3 meninas e 8 meninos) (1,68%) participantes se sobressaíram entre os 104. Conclui-se que o instrumento PSHM foi eficaz para identificar o talento musical, sendo um meio propício para o reconhecimento dos estudantes e para receber o atendimento educacional especializado a que tem direito, conforme a legislação brasileira.
Bone sarcoma: Success through interdisciplinary collaboration
Authors: Hecker-Nolting Stefanie , Maia Ferreira Ana , Bielack Stefan S.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma are the most frequent malignant bone tumours of childhood and adolescence. This review summarizes the oncologist's view of these diseases and their treatment.

Methods

A non-systematic literature review was performed, the personal impressions and experience of the authors is described.

Results

Local therapy and chemotherapy, each on their own, will not cure patients with malignant bone sarcomas. Together, they present a highly efficacious combination. While the most effective drugs were defined decades ago, progress since then has been limited. It is hoped that substances shown to be active in relapsed disease will be forwarded into even more efficacious frontline treatments. Good palliative therapy is necessary when cure is no longer an option.

Conclusion

Close interdisciplinary collaboration is the key to successful treatment of bone sarcomas in paediatric patients.
Using a 3D handheld scanner to capture trochlear groove shape: proof of concept study
Authors: Mistry J , Hing CB , Harris S
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Trochleoplasty is a surgical procedure used to treat patellar instability by modifying the trochlear groove. Analysis of the groove with a handheld scanner would enable accurate real-time planning and facilitate tailormade correction. We aimed to measure trochlear depth, sulcus angle, trochlear facet ratio, trochlear angle and lateral trochlear inclination angle and to establish inter- and intra-rater reliability for knee models to determine reliability and repeatability.

Methods

The trochlear grooves of three knee models were scanned by two investigators. Three-dimensional reference models were created and surface-matched. Custom software was used to determine the desired parameters. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine test–retest reliability and the parameter results for each model that showed best reproducibility.

Results

There was good interobserver reliability (trochlear depth, 1.0mm; sulcus angle, 2.7°; trochlear angle, 4.0°; lateral trochlear inclination angle, 4.0°), except in the trochlear facet ratio (32.0%) of one knee model. With outliers removed, the ICC was moderate to excellent in 73.34% of measurements, with trochlear depth showing the best reproducibility.

Discussion

This feasibility study showed a handheld scanner in conjunction with supporting software can measure trochlear parameters with good to excellent inter- and intra-observer reliability.
Stoma reversal in functional bowel disease: managing patient choice
Authors: Han LE , Bean A , Emmett C , Plusa SM
Published: August 2021

Introduction

This study aims to assess the rate of stoma reversal in patients who have undergone stoma formation with permanent intent for functional bowel disorder. We also assessed the incidence of malignancy in defunctioned bowel.

Methods

This is a retrospective study of the outcomes of patients undergoing planned permanent stoma formation for functional bowel disorder over a 10-year period at a single tertiary centre.

Results

Of 92 patients included in the study, 11 (12%) requested and underwent stoma reversal following stoma formation for functional bowel disorder. Of 84 patients with defunctioned bowel left in situ, two (2%) developed bowel malignancy during our study period.

Conclusions

Stoma formation may be necessary for patients with incontinence and constipation when conservative treatments fail. Some patients have very firm views about the need for a stoma, but a significant proportion of patients do not cope with a stoma and request reversal, therefore patient selection and pre-procedure counselling are important. The risk of developing malignant disease in the defunctioned colon is potentially significant, and consideration should be given to appropriate surveillance in this group of patients. Evidence for stoma formation in functional gastrointestinal disorders is lacking; this study reports outcomes in a large cohort of patients over a long period, and highlights areas where further research and practice guidelines are needed. If large numbers of patients are undergoing stoma reversal posing significant mortality and morbidity risks, this suggests that patient selection and preoperative counselling need refinement.
Exzerpieren. Eine empirische Studie an Exzerpten von GymnasialschülerInnen der Oberstufe
Authors: Fix Gefion , Rouhani Jürgen Dittmann
Published: August 2021

Taking into account that excerpting texts is a major task for university students of all disciplines, in this study we will investigate pupils' abilities to excerpt texts at the end of their schooling. For that purpose we have analyzed 31 excerpts made by pupils who were currently in their last two years of secondary school. Furthermore we analyzed 33 questionnaires which allowed us to assess pupils' subjective appraisal of the specific excerpting task given to them as well as of their general skills to make excerpts. Most importantly, our findings show that the majority of pupils lack the ability to excerpt texts in a way allowing them to use excerpting as an efficient tool during their university career. It seems that pupils' problems are not primarily rooted in difficulties understanding primary texts but are rather the result of a lack of awareness of what constitutes a good excerpt. We therefore conclude that it is mandatory for universities to teach excerpting texts to their students.
Distance and Visibility: Two Systems in Hausa Deixis
Authors: Abdoulaye Mahamane L.
Published: August 2021

The current standard account of Hausa deixis claims that Hausa has a linear person-based system with the following four locative adverbs and their interpretations: nân 'here', nan 'there near you', cân 'there away from you and me', and can 'over there away from you and me'. This paper shows that in fact one may need two separate deictic systems for Hausa to account for all relevant data. The first system is based on distance with a primary proximal vs. distal contrast. The distance system however also embeds a person subsystem, with one adverb in particular referring to the hearer (second person) position. The second deictic system in Hausa is based on visibility, with a primary contrast between an area comfortably visible and an area visible only with some difficulties. Indeed, in the visibility system, five adverbs range the entire visible area in front of the speaker, from the foreground up to the extreme visible area at the horizon.
The VARSUL Database
Authors: Pereira da Silva Menon Odete , Domingos Fagundes Edson , Loregian-Penkal Loremi
Published: August 2021

This study introduces the Project that gave origin to one of the most important databases about oral language in Brazil. The Project on Urban Linguistic Variation in the South of Brazil (VARSUL), that started in 1990, initially comprised the three federal universities of the three States of Southern Brazil: Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) and Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). In 1993, the Project began to also rely on the Pontific Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUC–RS). The VARSUL Project aims at storing samples of speech realizations by inhabitants of socio-representative urban areas from each of the three states of the South of Brazil, stratified by location, age range, gender and education.
Europäisch eingestellt – Valenzforschung mit Parallelkorpora
Authors: Duffner Rolf , Kamber Alain , Näf Anton
Published: August 2021

The aim of this research is to demonstrate with a case study the significance of corpus linguistics within the field of verb valency and bilingual lexicography. Specifically, we will introduce a corpus-based process that determines context-sensitive translations of polysemous word forms. Three steps are considered here in detail. First, text evidences of the verb einstellen in the monolingual Deutsches Referenzkorpus (DeReKo) will be examined with a collocation analysis. With help of the analytical instrument COSMAS II, the collocation profiles will then be summarized into a typology (senses and subsenses, valency structures and typical collocations). In a further step, the determined senses can be attributed to the corresponding translations of the word form einstellen in other languages (English, French and Italian) by means of the multilingual parallel corpus Europarl (Open Source Parallel Corpus OPUS). Finally, the results will be compared to the codifications of commonly used bilingual dictionaries.
Soziologische Fachtexte aus Korpusperspektive. Zum Auffinden indirekter Rede in den Annali di Sociologia/Jahrbüchern für Soziologie
Authors: Hornung Antonie
Published: August 2021

This paper deals with the question of which search strategies are adapted to corpus analysis when trying to point out textual phenomena such as, for instance, indirect and direct speech. My study investigates the quantity and the various forms of direct and indirect speech used to make references to others' research. It draws upon the corpus of the German originals published in the Annali di Sociologia from 1991 to 2002, a journal edited in German and Italian (originals and translations in both languages) by the University of Trento, Italy.
Korpusbasierte Wörterbucharbeit mit den Daten des Projekts Deutscher Wortschatz
Authors: Quasthoff Uwe
Published: August 2021

The corpus project Deutscher Wortschatz (German Vocabulary) at Leipzig University is collecting and processing textual data for 15 years. It now consists of approx. 2 billion running words in 160 million sentences. The dictionary is online available at www.wortschatz.uni-leipzig.de and, moreover, contains word co-occurrence data.
The pre-processing of the data used mainly language independent methods and were used for corpora in other languages, too.
The paper describes the production process for three dictionaries for which these corpus data were used: a thesaurus, a dictionary of neologisms, and a collocation dictionary. In all cases, the raw data for the dictionary entries were produced automatically, and the final entries were written only using these pre-selections. In the case of the thesaurus, the preprocessing consisted in a corpus based detection of semantically similar words. For the neologism dictionary the yearly frequency information were used and for the collocation dictionary, word co-occurrences and part of speech information were combined.
Communicative Textbooks: English Language Textbooks in Iranian Secondary School
Authors: Dahmardeh Mahdi
Published: August 2021

English language teaching materials (textbooks) play an important role in many language classrooms, but recently there have been a lot of debates within the English language teaching profession based on the actual role that materials play in teaching English as a foreign language. Arguments have encompassed both the potential and the limitations of materials used for 'guiding' students through the learning processes and curriculum as well as the needs and preferences of teachers who are using the textbooks that are available. Other issues that have arisen in recent years include textbook design and practicality, methodological validity, the role of textbooks in innovation, the authenticity of materials in terms of their representation of language, communicative textbooks, and balance in presenting the language skills as well as cultural components.
The purpose of this article is to report the findings of a study carried out in 2006 into how Iranian textbooks could be made more communicative. The textbooks referred to are three English language textbooks, which are currently used in Iranian Secondary Schools. Although the work has been done within Iranian context, many suggestions could be applied to other foreign/second language situations.
I will start my discussion by presenting an overview about the English language teaching in Iran, before and after the revolution. This will be followed by presenting the findings of this research that would include the Iranian ELT curriculum, the questionnaire survey (author's and teachers' perspectives as well as their discomfort will be addressed) as well as introducing the English language coursebooks for secondary schools in Iran (topic, progression, structure of the lessons, types of exercises etc.). I will then present a discussion on findings of this research which would be a detailed exemplary criticism and suggestions for changes to make the materials communicative.
The findings of this explanatory case study revealed that there are many inconsistencies between the learners' needs, and the textbooks that are available for learning and teaching the English language though a few of them are reliable. The purpose of this research project is to recommend constructive changes, in order to make the textbooks more communicative as well as compatible with the students' and teachers' needs and expectations.
Der Erwerb von Verbzweitsätzen mit Subjekt im Mittelfeld bei italophonen DaF-Studierenden. Erwerbsphasen, Lernschwierigkeiten und didaktische Implikationen
Authors: Ballestracci Sabrina
Published: August 2021

This paper focuses on the acquisition of German sentences by Italian native speakers in Foreign Language Teaching, with the verb located in second position, and the subject found in the middle field. The study is based upon a corpus of texts written by Italian students during their first six semesters at the University of Pisa. The first part of the study describes the main grammatical structural differences between Italian and German declarative sentences, referring to position of verb, subject and clause constituents. In the second part, I summarize the research results of the main German-Italian linguistic contrastive studies on the acquisition of word order in German, by focusing on declarative sentences with the subject in the middle field. The final part of this paper focuses on the linguistic and contextual factors influencing the acquisition process for further development in this field of study, in order to offer suggestions for foreign language teaching of German.
Language Use and Communication Artifacts in GSM Adverts in Nigeria
Authors: Dada Samuel Ayodele
Published: August 2021

This is a sociolinguistic study of communication and language use in GSM adverts in Nigeria. The study was conducted to identify certain sociolinguistic strategies employed in GSM adverts in Nigeria. Our findings reveal that such strategies include: code choice, ethnography, semiotics and neologisms. The study has once again revealed that language choice especially in a multilingual community like Nigeria follows certain patterns and typology based on demographic, situational and attitudinal variants controlled by socio-cultural norms of communicative appropriateness.
The 'War' of Appropriate Pricing of Petroleum Products: The Discourse of Nigeria's Reform Agenda
Authors: Salami Oladipo , Ayoola Kehinde A.
Published: August 2021

This study focuses on the newspaper coverage of the debate on the pricing of petroleum products (petroleum, diesel, kerosene, etc.) in Nigeria. It seeks to examine, specifically, the discursive constructions of economic development with particular concern for the reform agenda in the country's petroleum sector. In doing this, the paper tries to analyze and characterize the debate on the increase in the prices of petroleum products in the country between 1999 and 2004; following on the heels of World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF)-driven reforms. It further situates the analysis of the debate within the history and politics of oil and development in the country with particular concern for the 'angles of telling' of the participants. Using the framework of critical discourse analysis (CDA), the paper attempts to show the ideological elements in the discourse of socio-political development in Nigeria as constructed by the different sociopolitical groups and concludes that the different angles of telling result from different underlying issues of identity and power.
The Pragmatics of Hoax Email Business Proposals
Authors: Chiluwa Innocent
Published: August 2021

This study applies the speech acts theory to the study of discourse strategies and functions of hoax email business proposals otherwise known as "419 emails" – '419' being the Nigerian term for all forms of online/financial fraud. The hoax mails are in form of email 'business proposals' involving money transfers/claims of dormant bank accounts overseas. Five types are identified namely: (i) money transfers, (ii) next-of-kin claims, (iii) fortune bequeathing, (iv) charity donations and (v) investment opportunities. Data comprises 52 email samples collected from the researcher's inboxes, colleagues and students' email inboxes between January, 2008 and March, 2009 in Ota, Nigeria. The study reveals that the business proposals perform speech acts such as expressive, representative, commissive and directive acts; the most frequently used being representative as the proposals are structured as narratives. The expressive act is used in form of greetings and polite address forms in order to win the interest of the receiver. The commissive act is used as a persuasive strategy while making unrealistic and suspicious promises to the receiver, while the directive act is used to urge the receiver to act promptly. The study also shows that this genre of Computer-mediated communication (CMC) has become a regular part of our internet social life, and is not likely to be extinct in the near future as previous studies of email hoaxes have predicted, since economic hardship being witnessed by the world today can force people to criminal activities.
Vigesimal Numerals on Ifẹ̀ (Togo) and Ifẹ̀ (Nigeria) / Dialects of Yorùbá
Authors: Fábùnmi Felix Abídèmí
Published: August 2021

This study intends to bring Ifẹ̀ (Togo) into a linguistic limelight using the numeral systems. Numerals are a very important aspect of the day to day socio-economic and linguistic life of Ifẹ̀ (Togo) people. The traditional Ifẹ̀ (Togo) number system is vigesimal. In this study, forty-two different number words are listed for Yorùbá Ifẹ̀ (Nigeria) and Yorùbá Ifẹ̀ (Togo) and compared with Standard Yorùbá. We compared the Ifẹ̀ (Togo) number words and counting patterns with that of the Standard Yorùbá and Ifẹ̀ (Nigeria) and discovered that, by the nature of the components of these numbers, majority of the basic number words are either bisyllabic or trisyllabic, each syllable having the form VCV for the cardinals, and CVCV for the ordinals. There are irregularities in tonality; there are also alternations in the sequences of the vowel (oral and nasalized) and consonant sounds. This work finds out that Ifẹ̀ (Togo) has two counting patterns. In the first pattern, it uses addition solely to derive the number words but with a counting pattern where 'ten', 'twenty' and the added number units are taken as a whole. In the second counting pattern, subtraction is used to derive number words but this is applicable only to three numbers i. e. seventeen – /mɛ́ɛtadínóɡú/, eighteen – /méèʤìdínóɡu/ and nineteen – /mɔ̀kɔ̃dínóɡu/. The Ifẹ̀ (Togo) dialect of Yorùbá mostly uses additive number positions. The dialect favours additive number positions more than the subtractive and the multiplicative positions. In other words, higher numbers are frequently used as bases for addition not as bases for multiplication in Ifẹ̀ (Togo). There are many linguistic variations in the number words employed by Ifẹ̀ (Togo) and Ifẹ̀ (Nigeria) dialects of Yorùbá, such variations can be attributed to changes in time and distance.
Does Language contact Necessarily Engender Conflict?
The Case of Cameroonian Quadrilingualism
Authors: Nkwain Joseph
Published: August 2021

Cameroon proffers a propitious environment for the breeding of interesting linguistic phenomena that attract the curiosity of innumerable researchers. Its rich socio-cultural and linguistic background demonstrate a seemingly harmonious co-existence of two official languages – English and French, a wide spread de facto lingua franca – Pidgin English and a myriad of about 266 Home Languages attest to the complexity inherent here. The co-existence of these languages, like in similar multilingual societies produces language contact situations such as code switching, interference, linguistic borrowing, diglossia, translation, etc., as users interact. This paper assesses language behaviour in such a complex multilingual setting where users adopt varying behavioural patterns leading to the production of interesting linguistic features and patterns worthy of investigation. Following Giles' Accommodation Theory and the descriptive and exploratory approaches, the paper accounts for and paints a vivid picture of the nature of language contact here, the consequences on the different languages and their users. It redefines conflict in relation to the socio-cultural and linguistic realities of this community. Drawing evidence from true-to-life situations, the paper establishes that if contact has to engender conflict, certain socio-cultural, political and linguistic forces related to attitudinal prejudices, unintelligibility, language policies, contextual clues, linguistic hostilities, etc., are likely to be responsible. It concludes with practical remedies like the redefinition of language policies based on the linguistic aspirations of speakers and the reconciliation of linguistic and political independence in order to carefully harness the linguistic resources of this crassly heterogeneous community.
Zur semantisch-pragmatischen Erweiterung der Abtönungsfunktion bei polnischen Modalpartikeln aus kontrastiver Sicht (Deutsch-Polnisch)
Authors: Szulc-Brzozowska Magdalena
Published: August 2021

The present paper deals with the problem of the pragmatic equivalence between the German and the Polish modal particles. The author focuses on two pairs of particles, which have got an identical invariant meaning, such as the German particle aber and the Polish particle ale(ż) or the German particle ja and the Polish particle no. The correspondence and the no-correspondence of the use of this particles in the same sentence and situations context is considered with reference to their invariant meaning and to the position of the Polish particles in the sentence. The paper shows, that the pragmatic no-equivalence can result from the difference in the positions of the particles in German and Polish. The position of the Polish modal particles can be identical to the position of their homonyms in opposite to the German. The fact means that the position of the modal particles in Polish doesn't have a function of the categorization for speech parts, but it can influence on a semantic-pragmatic extension of the modal function of the particle.
Zur Verwendung der Partikel go in Modalverbkonstruktionen
Authors: Von Rotz Ruth
Published: August 2021

This article focusses on the use of the particle go in Swiss German modal verb constructions. The particle go is associated with the verb gaa 'go'. The research question is whether the particle go is solely used together with verbs entailing movement from one point to another. The presented results arise from questionnaire data and subsequent interviews. The area under investigation is situated in the highlands of the Canton St. Gallen in the East of Switzerland namely the villages Mels, Sargans, Wangs and Bad Ragaz.
Der Diskurs in einer marginalisierten Gemeinschaft in Tucumán, Argentinien: der Zauber der Enttäuschung
Authors: Cohen de Chervonagura Elisa , Lupprich Edith
Published: August 2021

In the Juan XXIII neighbourhood (San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina) there is a huge number of NGOs offering aid and support to the community. Although they share this purpose, the volumes and species of capital (economic, social, cultural or symbolic capital) they have at their disposal are sensitively different. To study the relationships between these NGOs, we stress Bourdieu's concept of "field", where social agents – in Gidden's sense – carry out different social and discursive practices. Within a Critical Discourse Analyse framework, we examine the way each group represents itself and how it establishes discursive relationships with the other NGOs working in the Juan XXIII neighbourhood, and the local newspapers. We conclude that all of the NGOs refer to their accumulated cultural and symbolic capitals to legitimate their position in the (social aid) field. While the economic capital from ecclesiastical sources does not seem to be delicate, some NGOs refuse to get engaged with "politics". Finally, social capital (networking with other organizations) does not play a salient role in the analysed texts.
Perceived Attributions of Discourse Goals for Using Metaphors and Similes by Iranian EFL Undergraduates
Authors: Hashemian Mahmood , Iravani Mehdi
Published: August 2021

The bulk of L2 research on figures of speech boils down to the comprehension domain. By contrast, little work has been conducted on the investigation of the discourse goals for the speaker or the writer's figurative production. This study, going beyond the customary metalinguistic approaches to figurative investigation, aimed at shedding light into a number of different discourse goals as they were identified by Iranian EFL undergraduates in sentences containing figurative language based on 4 independent variables: Figure Type, Tenor Concreteness, Context, and Modality. The participants were given a number of sentences, containing both metaphors and similes, and were asked to choose as many 12 discourse goals as possible which they considered to be the reasons for triggering the utterances. The results indicated that the discourse goal of Compare Similarities was more frequently selected for similes than for metaphors by the participants. The Context variable turned out to have significant interaction with the choice of the discourse goals of Provoke Thought, Get Attention, Clarify, and Contrast Differences, whereas the factor of Modality influenced only Add Emphasis. Also, 3 goals, Add Interest, Clarify, and Show Positive Emotion significantly affected Tenor Concreteness. Comparatively, some marked differences were noticed between Iranian L2 learners and native speakers. L2 teachers are, therefore, advised to more emphasize the correct attributions of discourse goals for metaphors and similes.
Kollokationen im Lernerwörterbuch – Anspruch und Wirklichkeit
Authors: Möhring Jupp
Published: August 2021

This article outlines an approach which explores how frequent lexical collocations can be identified for a representative extract of the German lexicon. It takes into account corpus-linguistic and phraseological criteria. The lexical foundation for this study is a corpus-driven and thematically-classified frequency dictionary of German. Additionally, the extensive DWDS corpus and a manual linguistic selection were used to identify typical collocations. Finally, after identifying 56 high-frequency collocations, four of the foremost learner dictionaries in the field of German as a foreign language were analyzed quantitatively for the presence of these collocations.
Sprichwörter im Wörterbuch
Authors: Jesenšek Vida
Published: August 2021

This text aims to contribute to the discussion of the
lexicographical treatment of proverbs. Discussed are some selected problem
areas that, in terms of proverbs, become evident in planning and preparing
dictionaries and comparable linguistic resources. Considerations are based on
the partial results of the EU-funded research project
SprichWort.
In this project, a multilingual proverb database is created and developed.
Anregungen zur Darstellung von Routineformeln in einsprachigen Lernerwörterbüchern für DaF
Authors: Lipinski Silke
Published: August 2021

Routine formulas (RFs) carry many functions in a language system. Thus, not only knowing them but also mastering their use is of major importance for the L2-learner. For this reason, it is important to also describe RFs adequately in learners' dictionaries. However, as previous research shows, there is a major discrepancy between lexicographical requirements and reality. Some demands for the way in which RFs should be presented can be derived from the list of criteria which are used to evaluate dictionary entries of RFs. Some of these requirements may be called phraseographical minima, the realization of some other requirements that have yet to be developed in detail. This article intends to show options on how to improve the lexicography of RFs in print dictionaries for L2-learners. Suggestions for the presentation of RFs in the lexicographical macro-, micro-, and medio-structure are made and discussed.
La morphosyntaxe dans les SMS suisse francophones: Le marquage de l'accord sujet – verbe conjugué
Authors: Stark Elisabeth
Published: August 2021

The overall aim of this article is to show the stability of graphically marking morphosyntactic structures in French text messages. It presents a manual analysis of the first 400 French messages of the new corpus sms4science.ch, an analysis which focuses on subject-verb-agreement and its graphical marking in a form of communication commonly assumed to show a considerable amount of non-standard spelling. The overall results show two things: First, the marking of subject-verb agreement is closer to standard orthography when occurring with lexical subjects, which, however, are very infrequent in text messages, a hint at their variationist character as texts of 'communicative immediacy' ('oral discourse'). Second, this type of agreement, central both for typological and theoretical approaches to human language(s), is marked in almost 90% of the occurrences according to standard graphic regularities or by other devices, which leads to the conclusion that core syntax (grammar) is completely unaltered also in apparently 'non-standard' texts.
L'italiano in contatto con il dialetto e altre lingue. Nuovi mezzi di comunicazione e nuove diglossie
Authors: Moretti Bruno , Stähli Adrian
Published: August 2021

This paper is concerned with variational aspects of SMS (i.e. text message) communication as a communicative mode that not only has become very popular over the last few years but is also supposed to have certain (and continuing) impacts on some of the constitutive parameters of communication as a whole (e.g. by re-evaluating the dichotomy between typically/traditional oral and written language conceptions). Based on collected material from the sms4science corpus this contribution elucidates some general intra- and extralinguistic features of the Italian subcorpus before focusing on language contact phenomena (involving Italian and other languages or dialectal varieties). Special attention is given to the emergence of what we consider a kind of 'new dialectality' (in the Italian speaking Switzerland), which is considered to be a result of ongoing processes of a restructuring of the repertoire and of the relation between the linguistic codes that are involved.
Genus im DaF-Unterricht in Italien: Was machen die Lerner?
Authors: Rieger Marie Antoinette
Published: August 2021

Gender classification in German is considered a rather intricate complex field of German grammar; gender selection is only partially rule-based and the existing rules are not only com-plex but their validity is often restricted as well. Therefore it is a received opinion that the ac-quisition of gender assignment is one of the most difficult problems learners of German as a foreign language have to face. Contrary to this general view, throughout many years of teaching German as a foreign language in Italy me and my colleague Marion Weerning (in this volume) did not receive the impression that gender really presents a major problem. Therefore we decided to carry out an empirical study. The design and the results of this study will be illustrated in the present paper. It will be shown that gender assignment is in fact more of a problem than was initially assumed. A detailed analysis demonstrates, however, that good and bad scores in gender assignment are not due to chance but can be explained by a combination of factors. The results also seem to indicate that learners develop a range of gender as¬signment rules in spite of the fact that gender is neither a frequent nor a systematically analysed topic in textbooks or in grammars.
Die kausalen Verknüpfungsmittel des Deutschen und des Italienischen. Eine kontrastive Beschreibung unter formalem und funktionalem Aspekt
Authors: Ballestracci Sabrina
Published: August 2021

This paper is a contrastive description of the causal grammatical structures mentioned in five grammar books of German and four grammar books of Italian. The study is inspired by the results of a previous empirical research upon the causal connectors denn, weil, da in German and perché, poiché, siccome in Italian, which has demonstrated that there are many similarities, but without any complete correspondence between the analyzed German and Italian grammatical structures. The purpose of this work is to verify if this thesis holds true not only for a limited number of connectors, but also for the whole system of German and Italian causal structures. The study is based upon a broad concept of causality, seen as the question about "why and with which purpose do events und states happen and verify". It focuses not only on the grammatical structures which are traditionally defined causal, but also on final and conditional structures. The results of the research are summarized at the end of the paper with the expectation that they will be helpful to the didactic transmission of the German causal structures with Italian learners.
Sprechaktbedingungen und bedingte Sprechakte: Pragmatische Konditionalsätze im Deutschen
Authors: Pittner Karin
Published: August 2021

This paper deals with conditional sentences which are not related to the propositional content of the sentence but rather to various aspects of the utterance that is performed. The main goal is to develop a typology of the functions of these conditionals. It is shown that in German there are no uniform rules for the positioning of these conditional sentences, but the possible positions vary according to the function of the conditionals. The main types of these sentences are (1) relevance conditionals, (2) conditionals modifying the illocutionary force, (3) conditionals characterizing the attitude of the speaker, (4) conditionals commenting on the formulation, (5) conditionals which indicate discourse-coherence and direct the attention of the hearer.
Creation of Internet Relay Chat Nicknames and Their Usage in English Chatroom Discourse
Authors: Ecker Robert
Published: August 2021

In a chat discourse it is not always clear who is chatting with whom; automatic discourse analysis is especially problematic. It is important to identify the users' nicknames in the written discourse to find out the receivers of the chat messages. But the linguistic possibilities in nickname creation, and also of using them in the discourse, are various. To study how nicknames are created and used in the Internet Relay Chat (IRC), logs of 13 channels consisting of 8937 public chat messages and 7936 unique nicknames were analyzed in detail. The paper shows, among other things, the basic structure of IRC nicknames, of which parts-of-speech group nicknames are compounded, and which parts-of-speech of a nickname are omitted within the chat discourse. This knowledge leads to a better prediction as to whether there is a link between a current logged-in user and the examined word in discourse, which can be a shortened or creatively changed form of a nickname.
Weshalb hat man (noch) einen Akzent? Eine Untersuchung im Schnittfeld von Akzent und Einstellung bei Schweizer Dialektsprechern
Authors: Kolly Marie-José
Published: August 2021

Manche Fremdsprachenlerner eignen sich die zielsprachliche Aussprache schon nach relativ kurzem Aufenthalt in einer L2-Umgebung an – andere leben jahrelang in so einer Umgebung und sprechen trotzdem noch mit einem klar erkennbaren fremdsprachlichen Akzent. Wie ist das zu erklären? Der vorliegende Artikel beschäftigt sich mit den Ursachen für die Intensität eines fremdsprachlichen Akzents. Insbesondere wird die Einstellung zur Fremdsprache als massgeblicher Einflussfaktor bei Deutschschweizer Sprechern empirisch untersucht. Dabei kommen als Zielsprachen sowohl das Standarddeutsche als auch das Französische zum Tragen.
Deep learning based hybrid sequence modeling for optical response retrieval in metasurfaces for STPV applications
Authors: Noureen Sadia , Zubair Muhammad , Ali Mohsen , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim
Published: August 2021

A standardized hybrid deep-learning model based on a combination of a deep convolutional network and a recurrent neural network is proposed to predict the optical response of metasurfaces considering their shape and all the important dimensional parameters (such as periodicity, height, width, and aspect ratio) simultaneously. It is further used to aid the design procedure of the key components of solar thermophotovoltaics (STPVs), i.e., metasurface based perfect solar absorbers and selective emitters. Although these planar meta-absorbers and meta-emitters offer an ideal platform to realize compact and efficient STPV systems, a conventional procedure to design these is time taking, laborious, and computationally exhaustive. The optimization of such planar devices needs hundreds of EM simulations, where each simulation requires multiple iterations to solve Maxwell's equations on a case-by-case basis. To overcome these challenges, we propose a unique deep learning-based model that generates the most likely optical response by taking images of the unit cells as input. The proposed model uses a deep residual convolutional network to extract the features from the images followed by a gated recurrent unit to infer the desired optical response. Two datasets having considerable variance are collected to train the proposed network by simulating randomly shaped nanostructures in CST microwave studio with periodic boundary conditions over the desired wavelength ranges. These simulations yield the optical absorption/emission response as the target labels. The proposed hybrid configuration and transfer learning provide a generalized model to infer the absorption/emission spectrum of solar absorbers/emitters within a fraction of seconds with high accuracy, regardless of its shape and dimensions. This accuracy is defined by the regression metric mean square error (MSE), where the minimum MSE achieved for absorbers and emitters test datasets are 7.3 × 10−04 and 6.2 × 10−04 respectively. The trained model can also be fine-tuned to predict the absorption response of different thin film refractory materials. To enhance the diversity of the model. Thus it aids metasurface design procedure by replacing the conventional time-consuming and computationally exhaustive numerical simulations and electromagnetic (EM) software. The comparison of the average simulation time (for 10 samples) and the average DL model prediction time shows that the DL model works about 98% faster than the conventional simulations. We believe that the proposed methodology will open new research directions towards more challenging optimization problems in the field of electromagnetic metasurfaces.
Changes in peripapillary and subfoveal choroidal thickness in patients with central retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Kang Hae Min , Choi Jeong Hoon , Koh Hyoung Jun , Lee Sung Chul
Published: August 2021

Purpose

We sought to evaluate changes of mean peripapillary choroidal thickness (PCT) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) over 12 months in patients with unilateral central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).

Methods

Our retrospective, observational study included 19 patients with treatment-naïve, unilateral CRVO who completed at least 12 months of follow-up period. Mean PCT and mean SFCT in CRVO-affected eyes and unaffected contralateral eyes were measured at each follow-up visit, and then compared. Differences between baseline and 12 months (ΔSFCT and ΔPCT) and percentage changes (ΔSFCT or ΔPCT/baseline×100%) were determined. We also investigated the predictive factors for visual outcome in the CRVO-affected eyes.

Results

In the CRVO-affected eyes, mean PCT was 146.7±41.9 μm at baseline, and 106.5±24.2 μm at 12 months (P < 0.001). Mean PCT of the contralateral eyes was 129.8±42.6 μm at baseline and 124.6±39.7 μm at 12 months (P = 0.089). Mean SFCT of CRVO-affected eyes was 225.8±77.9 μm at baseline, and 199.4±66.6 μm at 12 months (P = 0.009). Mean SFCT of the contralateral eyes was 218.4±83.0 μm at baseline, and 208.4±78.1 μm at 12 months (P = 0.089). Δ PCT was -41.6±25.3 μm in the CRVO-affected eyes, and -5.2±5.8 μm in the contralateral eyes (P<0.001). % PCT was -24.9±14.0% in the CRVO-affected eyes, and -4.0±0.4% in the contralateral eyes (P = 0.001). Δ SFCT was -26.4±24.6 μm in the CRVO-affected eyes, and -9.5±16.7μm in the contralateral eyes (P = 0.016). % SFCT was -10.4±9.8% in the CRVO-affected eyes, and -3.4±6.4% in the contralateral eyes (P = 0.015). Among the various factors, BCVA at baseline (β = 0.797, P = 0.001) and % SFCT (β = 0.712, P = 0.001) were significantly associated with visual outcome at 12 months in the CRVO-affected eyes.

Conclusion

Both peripapillary and subfoveal choroidal thickness reduced significantly over 12 months in the CRVO-affected eyes, but not in the contralateral eyes. In addition, the absolute reduction amount and reduction ratio of PCT and SFCT were significantly greater in the CRVO-affected eyes than the contralateral eyes.
Countering the potential re-emergence of a deadly infectious disease—Information warfare, identifying strategic threats, launching countermeasures
Authors: Ali Rex N. , Rubin Harvey , Sarkar Saswati
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Eradicated infectious diseases like smallpox can re-emerge through accident or the designs of bioterrorists, and cause heavy casualties. Presently, the populace is largely susceptible as only a small percentage is vaccinated, and their immunity is likely to have waned. And when the disease re-emerges, the susceptible individuals may be manipulated by disinformation on Social Media to refuse vaccines. Thus, a combination of countermeasures consisting of antiviral drugs and vaccines and a range of policies for their application need to be investigated. Opinions regarding whether to receive vaccines evolve over time through social exchanges via networks that overlap with but are not identical to the disease propagation networks. These couple the spread of the biological and information contagion and necessitate a joint investigation of the two.

Methods

We develop a computationally tractable metapopulation epidemiological model that captures the joint spatio-temporal evolution of an infectious disease (e.g., smallpox, COVID-19) and opinion dynamics.

Results

Considering smallpox, the computations based on the model show that opinion dynamics have a substantial impact on the fatality count. Towards understanding how perpetrators are likely to seed the infection, we identify a) the initial distribution of infected individuals that maximize the overall fatality count; and b) which habitation structures are more vulnerable to outbreaks. We assess the relative efficacy of different countermeasures and conclude that a combination of vaccines and drugs minimize the fatalities, and by itself, drugs reduce fatalities more than the vaccine. Accordingly, we assess the impact of increase in the supply of drugs and identify the most effective among a collection of policies for administering of drugs for various parameter combinations. Many of the observed patterns are stable to variations of a diverse set of parameters.

Conclusions

Our findings provide a quantitative foundation for various important elements of public health discourse that have largely been conducted qualitatively.
Pindex: Private multi-linked index for encrypted document retrieval
Authors: Prakash A. John , Elizabeth B. Lydia
Published: August 2021

Cryptographic cloud storage is used to make optimal use of the cloud storage infrastructure to outsource sensitive and mission-critical data. The continuous growth of encrypted data outsourced to cloud storage requires continuous updating. Attacks like file-injection are reported to compromise confidentiality of the user as a consequence of information leakage during update. It is required that dynamic schemes provide forward privacy guarantees. Updates should not leak information to the untrusted server regarding the previously issued queries. Therefore, the challenge is to design an efficient searchable encryption scheme with dynamic updates and forward privacy guarantees. In this paper, a novel private multi-linked dynamic index for encrypted document retrieval namely Pindex is proposed. The multi-linked dynamic index is constructed using probabilistic homomorphic encryption mechanism and secret orthogonal vectors. Full security proofs for correctness and forward privacy in the random oracle model is provided. Experiments on real world Enron dataset demonstrates that our construction is practical and efficient. The security and performance analysis of Pindex shows that the dynamic multi-linked index guarantees forward privacy without significant loss of efficiency.