bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hacı Bektaş Veli Felsefesinin Etnopedagojik Açıdan İncelenmesi
Authors: KAHRAMANOGLU Recep , ŞAHİN Fulya
Published: November 2019

Anadolu’nun önemli düşünürlerinden biri olan Hacı Bektaş Veli, yaşadığı dönemde toplumun eğitilmesine büyük katkı sağlamıştır. Bu araştırmada, Hacı Bektaş Veli’nin insan eğitimiyle ilgili düşüncelerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmış ve konuyla ilgili etnopedagojik açıdan bir değerlendirme yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma modeli kullanılmış, veriler ise doküman incelemesi yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir. Hacı Bektaş Veli’nin Makâlât, Kitâbü’l Fevâid, Makâlât-ı Gaybiyye ve Kelimât-ı Ayniyye ve Emânet-i Hazret-i Pir adlı eserleri,  araştırma kapsamında ele alınmıştır. Bu eserlerden eğitimle ilgili elde edilen veriler Hacı Bektaş Veli’nin eğitime genel yaklaşımı ve benimsediği eğitim ilkeleri şeklinde iki kategoriye ayrılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda Hacı Bektaş Veli’nin ahlâki değerler etrafında şekillenen hümanist bir eğitim anlayışına sahip olduğu; akla ve ilime oldukça önem verdiği; mürşide bağlılık, bireysel farklılıklar, aşamalı eğitim, eşitlik gibi ilkeleri benimsediği görülmüştür. Eğitim anlayışının, idealizm ve ilerlemeciliğin bir sentezi olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Hacı Bektaş Veli’nin Türk kültüründe önemli bir değer olması nedeniyle fikirlerinin doğru anlaşılmasının, milli eğitim politikalarına olumlu katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Geç Antik Çağ’da (Doğu Roma) Bizans Hukukunun Tarihi Seyri
Authors: KOÇAK Talat
Published: November 2019

Geç Antik Çağ, dünya tarihini etkileyen pek çok olayın yaşandığı bir
zaman dilimini içine alır. Bu devirde Doğu Roma İmparatorluğunda hukuk alanında
yoğun çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Özellikle imparator I. Justinian döneminde Corpus
Juris Civilis adı verilen hukuk derlemeleri günümüz Avrupa hukukunun
temellerini oluşturmuştur. Devam eden süreçte bu yasa derlemesi üzerinde
hukukun dinamik yapısından dolayı pek çok değişiklik yapılmıştır. I.
Justinian’dan sonra Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu tahtına oturan halefleri de bu
alanda kıymetli eserler ortaya çıkarılmasına katkı sağlamışlardır. Özellikle
III. Leo tarafından hazırlatılan ve halefleri tarafından geliştirilen, hukuk
tarihçileri tarafından ilk Hıristiyan yasa kitabı olarak görülen Ecloga adlı
eser Corpus Juris Civilis’in Grekçe olarak kısaltılmış ilk örneğidir. Geç
Antik Çağ’da ortaya çıkan hukuk metinleri özelde Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu’nu,
genelde ise bütün Yakın Doğu ve Avrupa’yı derinden etkilemiştir.
Bilim Tarihi, Kültürel Zaman ve Fuat Sezgin
Authors: URAL Şafak
Published: November 2019

Fuat Sezgin’in İslam Dünyasında yapılmış olan bilim ve
teknoloji konusundaki kapsamlı çalışmaları, sadece sıradan bir bilim tarihi
açısından değil, kültür tarihi açısından da son derece önemlidir. Sıradan bilim
ve teknoloji tarihi bize, bu alanlarda yapılmış ve zamanla unutulmuş
başarıların neler olduğunu söylemektedir; fakat bir de bu başarıların bugünün
kültürüne yansıyan özelliklerinden söz etmek gerekir. “Kültürel zaman” kavramını
bildiğimiz “kronolojik zaman”, “fiziksel zaman” veya “biyolojik zaman” gibi
kavramlardan ayrı düşünmek gerekir. “Kültürel zaman” kavramının diğer zaman
çeşitlerinden ayrılan tarafı, ‘şimdi’nin, ‘geçmiş’e varlık kazandırmasıdır.
Diğer bir ifadeyle ‘şimdi’, kültürel olarak, kendi başına ve bağımsız bir
varlık kazanma özelliğine sahip değildir. Bilim ve felsefe tarihi, sanat tarihi
gibi alanlar, kültür tarihi açısından ama özellikle “kültürel şimdi” açısından
son derece önemlidir.
In vitro Study of Secreted Aspartyl Proteinases Sap1 to Sap3 and Sap4 to Sap6 Expression in Candida albicans Pleomorphic Forms
Authors: STANISZEWSKA MONIKA , BONDARYK MAŁGORZATA , SIENNICKA KATARZYNA , KUREK ANNA , ORŁOWSKI JACEK , SCHALLER MARTIN , KURZĄTKOWSKI WIESŁAW
Published: November 2019

Transition from round budding cells to long hyphal forms and production of secreted aspartic proteases (Saps) are considered virulence-associated factors of Candida albicans. Although plenty of data dealing with Saps involvement in the infection process have been published, Saps expression by the different pleomorphic forms as well as the capacity of C. albicans filaments to express Sap1-6 under serum influence are poorly investigated. In this study, we used immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy for the detection of Sap1-6 isoenzymes in C. albicans pleomorphic cells (blastoconidia, germ tubes, pseudohyphae, true hyphae) grown in Sap-inductive human serum and Sap non-inductive medium - yeast extract-peptone-glucose (YEPD). Isoenzymes were below the detection level in all blastoconidial cells grown in YEPD for 18 h. Sap1-6 expression was hardly detected in C. albicans cells cultivated in serum for 20 min. Increasing level of Sap1-6 expression was observed when C. albicans was incubated for 2, 6 and 18 h in serum corresponding to the development of germ tubes, pseudohyphae and true hyphae. The expression of Sap1-3 in pseudohyphae and true hyphae was more intensive compared to Sap4-6. Thus, we could show that human serum induced hyphae formation and the expression of Sap1-6 were co-regulated.
The capacity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Species and Mycobacterium bovis BCG Substrains Specific Identification – Implications for Optimized PCR-based Diagnostics in Adverse Events Following Vaccination Suspected Cases
Authors: KRYSZTOPA-GRZYBOWSKA KATARZYNA , BRZEZIŃSKA SYLWIA , AUGUSTYNOWICZ-KOPEĆ EWA , ZWOLSKA ZOFIA , AUGUSTYNOWICZ EWA , LUTYŃSKA ANNA
Published: November 2019

The capacities of differentiation of Mycobacterium bovis BCG from other members of M. tuberculosis complex species using PCR-RFLP, multiplex PCR, and PCR-based genomic deletion analysis approaches were compared. In the study, mycobacteria isolated from patients suspected of adverse events following vaccination with BCG, primarily classified according presence of RD1 marker as virulent and avirulent mycobacteria, were used. The PCR-based genomic deletion analysis was found the best option for mycobacteria diagnostics improvement, as it was capable precisely differentiate virulent and avirulent mycobacteria or virulent species of M. tuberculosis complex. The routine confirmation of mycobacteria species in the cases of adverse events following BCG vaccination is highly expected, especially in clinical practice of patients with primary immunodeficiency.
Influenza and Influenza-Like Illnesses in Poland in the Epidemic Season 2010/2011 According to the SENTINEL Influenza Surveillance System
Authors: ROMANOWSKA MAGDALENA , STEFAŃSKA ILONA , BRYDAK LIDIA B.
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to analyze data collected by the SENTINEL influenza surveillance system in Poland in the first post-pandemic season 2010/2011. The results include weeks 35/2010-17/2011. Physicians registered weekly number of influenza-like illnesses and collected specimens. Laboratory tests were done using PCR and/or real-time PCR or immunofluorescence. Laboratories also isolated the influenza virus. Influenza-like illness incidence amounted to 2802.7/100000. Weekly incidence ranged from 11.3/100000 to 232/100000. The most affected group was children 0-4 years. Influenza-like illness peak occurred between weeks 02/2011 and 11/2011. Influenza infections were confirmed in 34.9% of specimens. More cases were caused by influenza A, including A(H1N1)pdm09 than influenza B (59.9% vs. 40.1%). The isolated strains were similar to A/California/7/2009 or B/Brisbane/60/2008. Season 2010/2011 in Poland did not differ from the rest of Europe. Further improvement is necessary, especially in the area of specimen collection at the beginning of an epidemic season and carrying out the isolation of the influenza virus.
Application of FLiP Method for Differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains in Comparison to Commonly Used Methods, Spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR Typing
Authors: ŻACZEK ANNA , BRZOSTEK ANNA , GÓRNA ALINA , SAJDUDA ANNA , WOJTASIK ARKADIUSZ , DZIADEK JAROSŁAW
Published: November 2019

The current "gold standard" in molecular epidemiological studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is IS6110 RFLP based on IS6110 polymorphism. However PCR-based methods are becoming increasingly important. Recently, fast ligation-mediated PCR (FLiP), based on IS6110 polymorphism was proposed. In this study, the discriminatory power of FLIP, spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR typing, in differentiation of M. tuberculosis isolates was compared. The discriminatory index (HGI) of spoligotyping, MIRU-VNTR analysis, and FLiP was 0.653, 0.837, and 0.917, respectively. This indicates that FLiP allows a high level of differentiation among M. tuberculosis strains and it might be a valuable alternative to the other typing methods.
Recombinant Thermostable AP Exonuclease from Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis: Cloning, Expression, Purification, Properties and PCR Application
Authors: DĄBROWSKI SŁAWOMIR , BRILLOWSKA-DABROWSKA ANNA , AHRING BIRGITTE K.
Published: November 2019

Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in DNA are considered to be highly mutagenic and must be corrected to preserve genetic integrity, especially at high temperatures. The gene encoding a homologue of AP exonuclease was cloned from the thermophilic anaerobic bacterium Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis and transformed into Escherichia coli. The protein product showed high identity (80%) to human Ape1 nuclease, whereas to E. coli exonuclease III - 78%. This is the first prokaryotic AP nuclease that exhibits such high identity to human Ape1 nuclease. The very high expression level (57% of total soluble proteins) of fully active and soluble His6-tagged Tte AP enzyme with His6-tag on C-terminal end was obtained in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) pLysS. The active enzyme was purified up to 98% homogeneity in one chromatographic step using metal-affinity chromatography on Ni(2+)-IDA-Sepharose resin. The yield was 90 mg (14000 kU) of pure His6-tagged Tte AP (153 kU/mg) from 1 liter of culture. The optimal conditions of Tte AP endo-, exonuclease and 3'-nuclease activity were investigated using fluorescein labeled dsDNA with inserted AP sites and ssDNA. Optimal Tte AP endonuclease activity was observed at 70-75 degrees C, pH 8.0 and at low Mg2+ concentration (0.5 mM). Higher Mg2+ concentration (> 1 mM) enhanced 3'-5' exonuclease activity and at Mg2+ concentration > 2.0 mM 3' nuclease activity was observed. Because of the endonuclease activity of Tte AP exonuclease, the enzyme was applied in PCR amplification of long DNA templates. Tte AP exonuclease eliminated AP-sites in DNA template and improved the efficiency of DNA amplification.
Age as a Factor Influencing Diversity of Commensal E. coli Microflora in Pigs
Authors: BOK EWA , MAZUREK JUSTYNA , PUSZ PAWEŁ , STOSIK MICHAŁ , BALDY-CHUDZIK KATARZYNA
Published: November 2019

Commensal, intestinal E. coli microflora plays a role in maintenance of intestinal balance of the host, is responsible for defending against pathogenic E. coli. This study encompasses the analysis of BOX-PCR fingerprinting patterns, phylogenetic grouping and virulence genes prevalence among commensal E. coli isolates derived from healthy pigs. Altogether, 274 unique E. coli isolates were identified, 110 from weaned piglets (Piglets I and Piglets II) and 164 from adult sows (Sows I and Sows II). BOX-PCR analysis distinguished isolates from pigs in different age and indicated that during maturation the changes in E. coli microflora occurred. Phylogenetic grouping revealed significant differences between distribution of four phylogenetic groups among isolates derived from piglets and sows. In phylogenetic structure of isolates from the piglets group B1 prevailed significantly, while among isolates derived from the sows the majority of them were classified into phylogenetic group A. The identification of 17 virulence factors in E. coli isolates derived from healthy pigs was performed. Three of 13 intestinal (escV, ehxA, estII) and four extra-intestinal virulence genes (VGs) (hlyA, fimH, papA, sfaS) were detected in the porcine isolates. The percentage of VGs positive isolates among piglets is higher than among sows, moreover, the VGs occurring in E. coli isolates from piglets revealed greater diversity than that detected among isolates from sows.
The Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli Populations Isolated from Farm Animals with Different Exposure to Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: MAZUREK JUSTYNA , PUSZ PAWEŁ , BOK EWA , STOSIK MICHAŁ , BALDY-CHUDZIK KATARZYNA
Published: November 2019

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the presence or the absence of antibiotic input on the emergence and maintenance of resistance in commensal bacteria from food producing animals. The research material constituted E. coli isolates from two animal species: swine at different age from one conventional pig farm with antibiotic input in young pigs and from beef and dairy cattle originated from organic breeding farm. The sensitivity to 16 antimicrobial agents was tested, and the presence of 15 resistance genes was examined. In E. coli from swine, the most prevalent resistance was resistance to streptomycin (88.3%), co-trimoxazole (78.8%), tetracycline (57.3%) ampicillin (49.3%) and doxycycline (44.9%) with multiple resistance in the majority. The most commonly observed resistance genes were: bla(TEM) (45.2%), tetA (35.8%), aadA1 (35.0%), sul3 (29.5%), dfrA1 (20.4%). Differences in phenotypes and genotypes of E. coli between young swine undergoing prevention program and the older ones without the antibiotic pressure occurred. A disparate resistance was found in E. coli from cattle: cephalothin (36.9%), cefuroxime (18.9%), doxycycline (8.2%), nitrofurantoin (7.7%), and concerned mainly dairy cows. Among isolates from cattle, multidrug resistance was outnumbered by resistance to one or two antibiotics and the only found gene markers were: bla(SHV), (3.4%), tetA (1.29%), bla(TEM) (0.43%) and tetC (0.43%). The presented outcomes provide evidence that antimicrobial pressure contributes to resistance development, and enteric microflora constitutes an essential reservoir of resistance genes.
Evaluation of Bean and Soy Tempeh Influence on Intestinal Bacteria and Estimation of Antibacterial Properties of Bean Tempeh
Authors: KULIGOWSKI MACIEJ , JASIŃSKA-KULIGOWSKA IWONA , NOWAK JACEK
Published: November 2019

In this study the effect of bean tempeh on the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus paracasei bacteria was investigated. Antibacterial activity was observed only in relation to the bacteria Bacillus subtilis. The effect of tempeh products on human intestinal microflora was also assessed. Bean and soy tempeh were culinarily processed and next digested in conditions simulating the human digestive tract (one of the digestive tracts was equipped with a mechanism simulating absorption). Soy tempeh stimulated most the growth of bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium, while bean tempeh that of Escherichia coli. Using simulation of absorption for the digestion of fried soy tempeh resulted in a higher rise in the bacteria count of the genus Lactobacillus, while after digestion of fried bean tempeh the highest increase was recorded for Bifidobacterium and E. coli.
Genotypic Diversity, Antimicrobial Resistance and Screening of Vibrio cholerae Molecular Virulence Markers in Vibrio alginolyticus Strains Recovered from a Tunisian Ruditapes decussatus Hatchery
Authors: MECHRI BADREDDINE , MEDHIOUB AMEL , MEDHIOUB MOHAMED NEJIB , AOUNI MAHJOUB
Published: November 2019

In this study, a total of 54 Vibrio alginolyticus strains were analyzed. The isolates were recovered from different compartments of the Ruditapes decussatus hatchery in the National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies, Monastir, Tunisia. All isolates were biochemically identified (API 20E and API ZYM strips), characterized by amplification of the Hsp-40 gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-based genotyping to evaluate genetic relationship between the isolated strains. We also looked for the presence of ten V cholera virulence genes (toxRS, toxR, toxT toxS, tcpP, tcpA, ace, vpi, zot and ctxA) in the genomes of Vibrio isolates. The antibiotics susceptibility, exoenzymes production and in vitro cytotoxic activitiy against HeLa cell line were also carried out for all tested bacteria. Most of V alginolyticus isolates showed significant antimicrobial resistance rates to at least ten antibacterial agents. For most isolates, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data showed that tetracydclin and streptomycin were the most effective antibiotics. Construction of the phylogenetic dendogram showed that studied isolates were in general genetically heterogeneous; however some Vibrio strains were present in different structures of the R. decussatus hatchery. The V cholerae virulence genes investigation showed a wild distribution of toxS (49/54), toxaR (45/54) and toxT (22/54) genes among V alginolyticus strains isolated from the R. decussatus rearing system. Cytotoxic effects of several Vibrio extracellular products (28154) were also observed on HeLa cells.
β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase Activity in Stool Specimens of Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: MROCZYŃSKA MARTA , GAŁĘCKA MIROSŁAWA , SZACHTA PATRYCJA , KAMODA DOROTA , LIBUDZISZ ZDZISŁAWA , ROSZAK DOROTA
Published: November 2019

The aim of the study was to analyze the differences in the activity of beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase in stool specimens of children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) and healthy subjects. The disease activity was determined according to the PCDAI scale (Crohn disease) and Truelove-Witts scale (Ulcerative colitis). Enzyme activity was determined by spectrophotometry. There was a correlation between the level of beta - glucosidase activity in stool and patient's age in the group of healthy controls, but not in the IBD group. beta-glucosidase activity in IBD and healthy subjects stool specimens did not differ significantly. The activity of beta-glucuronidase in children with IBD was two times lower than in the healthy group and was correlated with age in children with IBD, but not in the group of healthy ones.
Thermal Field of a Solid Particle for Bi > 0 and Fluid Medium of a Countercurrent Heat Exchanger
Authors: Élesztős Pavel , Écsi Ladislav , Jančo Roland , Gabková Jana
Published: November 2019

This article is devoted to the solution of the thermal field of a particle for Bi > 0 with an ideal spherical shape and the behavior of the temperature in the fluid phase with countercurrent contact.After establishing the underlying simplified assumptions and defining the initial and boundary conditions in the form of dimensionless criteria, a mathematical formulation of the problem is transformed into a suitable and solvable form. The formulation is then used in the analysis.
ACTUALIZATION OF WOMEN IN DOMESTIC AREAS IN THE GALUH FILM
Authors: Aryawaningrat I Gusti Ayu Agung , Santosa Hendra , Wirawan I Komang Arba
Published: November 2019

This research focuses on the actualization of women in the domestic area in the film Galuh. This film is an interesting study because the content in this film that contains local wisdom with the source of film ideas from marriage Pada Gelahang and also emphasizes the identity of conventional women with their domestic space. The formulation of the problem in the research is how the actualization of women in their domestic areas in the film Galuh. The purpose of this study is to study the actualization of women in their domestic territory in the film Galuh. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods, with interpretive analysis. This research uses film’s elements such as narrative film and cinematic as well as ecofemism to present the spectrums that are seen in films that show women in quite different ways by complementing Galuh and which load more in the domestic area. The results of this study provide a specific understanding of Galuh through narrative and cinematic films that depict Galuh and her daughter as conventional and unconventional female characters with their domestic space.
SEMIOSIS PROCESS IN THE SOUNDS OF GAMELAN AND PESINDEN IN SANDEKALA FILM
Authors: Pratama Andri Albertha , Soewarlan Santosa
Published: November 2019

The research investigates the use of the sign (code) used by Amriy Ramadhan as the director when delivering messages through the sounds of ‘gamelan’ and ‘pesinden’ in the Sandekala film. Conflicts emerged when the signs that are used have broad interpretations for the audience. The signs are discribed and analyzed using the ten-sign classification analysis method from the Peirce semiotic trichotomy concept. This study shows the important meaning of the semiosis process of the distribution of other signs which in their presentation are interrelated to lead the audience's interpretation in the sounds of ‘gamelan’ and ‘pesinden’ presented in the Sandekala film. The using signs which the characteristic based are  generally accepted convention such as non-verbal dialect (kinesics) can lead the audience's interpretation that the sound of ‘gamelan’ and ‘pesinden’ in the Sandekala film is a metonym of magical figure who has long hair, white dress based on the semiosis process of signs which are interrelated in the presentation of the narrative structure of the film with repeated indexical relationship patterns.
The problem of personal destruction and professional health care in the modern society
Authors: Biletskyi Pavel , Zavatska Nataliya , Bokhonkova Yuliia , Fedorova Elena , Zhurba Anatoliy
Published: November 2019

The article shows that under the personal destructions understand the pathological process of destruction of the structure of the individual or its individual elements. Personal destructions include such formations of the human psyche that create barriers in its contacts with others and thus complicate the realization of their own goals. The main types of destructive changes in personality include pathological deformation of personal needs and motives, destructive changes in character and temperament, violations of volitional regulation of behavior, systems of interpersonal relationships, formation of inadequate self-esteem. Among the leading forms of personal destruction are partial and deep personal destruction, as well as temporary (transient), with the subsequent restoration of the functioning of all structural components of the personality, and progressive (irreversible), followed by a personal defect. It is established that personal destructions can be as a result of self-destructive activity of the person, as well as purposeful external influence, or as a result of psycho-traumatic and crisis situations, in particular loss of a person's disability. The negative (crisis) type of personal attitude of the examinees to the situation of temporary disability is defined, which distinguishes the unpreparedness for its adoption, consideration of the existing conditions as crisis with distortion of life plans and prospects, and the adaptive (constructive) type, with adequate assessment of the current situation adoption, formation of an adaptive model of behavior. It is established that the determinants of personal destruction are social and psychological characteristics that cause negative changes in the cognitive, emotional, semantic and communicative spheres of personality. As indicators of the destruction of the cognitive sphere of the personality are rigidity, limited thinking and conservatism; emotional sphere - psycho-emotional exhaustion, emotional instability; the semantic sphere - reduction of personal achievements, insufficient cognitive activity, the communicative sphere - social distance, reduction of interpersonal contacts, seclusion and self-centeredness.
HEALTH INEQUALITIES: WHO IS THE MOST DISADVANTAGED AMONG THE UKRAINIAN WORKING-AGE POPULATION?
Authors: Мажак Ірина
Published: November 2019

Despite inequalities in health, it is a very well developed topic, andtackling health inequalities is one of the main challenges of modern publichealth policies, these are not much explored in Ukraine.The European Social Survey data pooled together from 2004, 2006,2008, 2010, and 2012 including 6,820 Ukrainian respondents of working-age.Self-reported health was used as a dependent variable and four groups ofsocial determinants of health – as predictors. The multilevel binomial logisticregression analysis was conducted to investigate gender and social differencesin subjective health. Both genders were analyzed together and separately.Almost 60 % of the Ukrainian working-age population reported poor health.Multilevel binomial logistic regression analysis showed that respondents whowere female, married or had been divorced, and had children at home tendedto report poor health; the probability of poor health is increasing with age anddecreasing with the level of SES for both genders.Existence of between and within gender groups’ social inequalities inself-reported health as well as the most disadvantaged female subgroups arerevealed among the Ukrainian working-age population.
Dmytro Kremin`s Poetical Admonition
Authors: Hladyshev Volodymyr , Daskal Nataliia
Published: November 2019

The creativity of the award winner of the Taras Shevchenko National Prize in the domain of literature Dmytro Kremin (1953-2019) is a vivid phenomenon of modern Ukrainian literature and culture. His poetic heritage has a special meaning after the poet passed away in May of this year. Now it is worth to be considered and conceived as a kind of his testament left to descendants by the outstanding master of the imaginative word. Dmytro Kremin`s legacy has always been in the centre of attention of critical literary practice, his poems evoked a contradictory attitude towards himself, thanks to it the critics` reviewers were so brilliant and emotional. But after the poet`s death, there is a need for a literary study of his heritage and a conclusion to the study of the work of an outstanding poet on a qualitatively new level. Among the poet’s many works, the poem holds a special place. It was created before long after Ukraine gained independence. Appeal to the people and the country`s history, Dmytro Kremin comprehends the origins of their heavy fate. The philosophical approach to understanding concrete historical phenomena allows the poet to look profoundly into the past, to define the influence on the present, and the origins of our young state`s problems. A wide range of historical figures, to which the author refers, characterizes the history of Ukraine in its most noticeable facts. The analysis of the poem is philological. The figurative system of the work is perceived in the unity of form and content. Thus it is possible to identify the aesthetic singularity of the work and its patriotic directivity. The study proves that the appeal of the patriotic poet to history should be received as a kind of poetic admonition, an attempt to draw attention to the tragic mistakes for the people`s fate to avoid them in the contemporary history of Ukraine. The poet’s call to live for the sake of the Motherland, to conscientious service to the country and people reflects his moral and aesthetic position and becomes his contribution to the development of the country. We consider that the article can be useful for researchers, lecturers, school teachers, students, and everyone interested in the creativity of the outstanding Ukrainian poet.
Inside a Circle: The Structure of the Cosmos among the Plains Indians
Authors: COMBA ENRICO
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Jung's science in Answer to Job and the Hindu matrix of form
Authors: GRIFFIN ROBERT
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
The Rhetoric of Intimacy - the Rhetoric of the Sacred
Authors: HASAN-ROKEM GALIT
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Myth and History: Exotic Foreigners in Folk-belief
Authors: Ó GIOLLÁIN DIARMUID
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Ritual Friendships as a Means of Understanding the Cultural Exchanges between Santal and Hindu Cultures
Authors: ANDERSEN PETER P.
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
A Unique Hindu Festival in England and India, 1985: A Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: BREAR DOUGLAS
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Three Varieties of Ritual Drama
Authors: PODEMANN SØRENSEN JØRGEN
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Initiation and the Classification of Rituals
Authors: SCHØJDT JENS PETER
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Poisons and Powers in the Myths of Demeter and Klytemnestra
Authors: ABRAM DOROTHY P.
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Theosophy and Socialism in Finland: An Unsuccessful Coup d'Etat at the Beginning of the Century
Authors: AHLBÄCK TORE
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Souls, Spirits, and Dwellers in Nature: Metaphysical Dualism in Inuit Religion
Authors: MERKUR DANIEL
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
The Human Life Cycle and Annual Rhythm of Nature in Finnish Folklore
Authors: PENTIKÄINEN JUHA
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Alternative medicine in today's society
Authors: ALVER BENTE GULLVEIG , SELBERG TORUNN
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Free-church membership and folk beliefs
Authors: GUSTAVSSON ANDERS
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Sources of Jewish polemics against Christianity in the late middle ages
Authors: TRAUTNER-KROMANN HANNE
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
The Ojibwa creation myth: an analysis of its structure and content
Authors: VECSEY CHRISTOPHER , FISHER JOHN F.
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Die Botschaft der friedvollen Lehre
Authors: SCHALK PETER
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Mümkün Âlemlerin En Mükemmeli ve Semhûdî'nin Gazzâlî Savunması
Authors: ABDURRAHMAN Azer
Published: November 2019

Gazzâlî’nin, “mevcut evrenden daha
mükemmelini yaratmak imkân dâhilinde değildir” şeklinde ifade ettiği âlemin
mükemmelliği ile ilgili düşüncesi, kendisi henüz hayattayken büyük
tartışmaların ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmuştur. Gazzâlî ile bu konuda aynı
görüşleri paylaşan Semhûdî de onu takip ederek, içerisinde belli bir amaca
yönelik kötülükler ve iyilikleri aynı anda barındıran bu âlemin, mümkün âlemler
içerisinden seçilen en mükemmel âlem olduğu görüşünü savunur. Ona göre âlemin
en mükemmel şekilde yaratılması, Allah’ın hür seçiminin ve mutlak iradesinin
bir sonucu olarak ve hikmetinin gerektirdiği en mükemmel oluş şeklinde tezahür
eder. Allah’ın hikmeti iradesi ve kudretinin sınırsız olanı sınırlı
yapabileceğini söyleyen Semhûdî, Allah için her zaman daha mükemmelini
yaratmanın imkân dahilinde olmasına rağmen bir fert için en mükemmellik
vasfının seçilmesi, seçilenin o an için en mükemmel olduğu ve onun Allah
tarafından sınırlandırıldığı anlamına geldiğini savunur. Aynı zamanda âlemin,
aklın algıladığı itibarî kavram olan en mükemmellik ile vasıflanması, onun bu
özelliğinin tüm zamanlar için sabit kalarak değişmez olduğu anlamına
gelmemekte, mükemmel olarak var olan her şey, ilâhî hikmet böyle gerektirdiği
için kendi zamanına göre en harika olarak yaratılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak içinde
bulunduğumuz âlemin imkân dahilinde en mükemmel olması tartışılmaz bir
gerçektir.

Bu çalışmadaki ana kaygımız, Gazzâlî’nin, tartışmalara
vesile olan âlemin mükemmelliğine dair temel düşüncesi üzerine
İbnü’l-Müneyyir’in ileri sürdüğü eleştirileri ve bu eleştirilere Semhûdî’nin
verdiği cevapları ana hatlarıyla ortaya koymaktır.
Децентралізація і місцеве самоврядування у контексті зміцнення народовладдя в Україні
Authors: СЕРЬОГІН ВІТАЛІЙ , СЕРЬОГІНА СВІТЛАНА
Published: November 2019

За останнє десятиліття вектор демократичних рухів і реформ досяг глобального масштабу, а демократична децентралізація поширилася по всьому світу. Як наслідок, нині близько 95 % демократичних країн мають органи влади субнаціонального (регіонального чи місцевого) масштабу, яким передаються політичні, фіскальні та адміністративні повноваження.
Твердження на користь демократичної децентралізації та зміцнення місцевого самоврядування часто ґрунтуються на тому, що демократизація і розширення повноважень субнаціональних о рганів влади призведуть до більшої підзвітності й відповідальності публічної влади перед місцевими жителями і зроблять врядування більш адаптованим до місцевих потреб та уподобань.
Метою статті є розгляд сутності і типів децентралізації, переваг і недоліків, розкриття її співвідношення з народовладдям та визначення тих моделей демократії, які найбільше корелюють із реформою щодо децентралізації й можуть бути найбільш ефективними в умовах розширення компетенції місцевого са-моврядування в Україні. Здійснено кваліфікацію реформи територіальної організації влади та місцевого самоврядування в Україні, розпочатої в 2014 р., із точки зору типів децентралізації та очікуваної моделі локальної демократії, котрої планується досягти. Звертається увага на правові межі реформи децентралізації, характер тих функцій, що підлягають розподілу, на необхідність забезпечення додаткових повноважень місцевого самоврядування достатніми мате ріальнофінансовими ресурсами, на проблему місцевої автономії та систему стримувань і противаг у відносинах між центральними й місцевими органами влади, на роль неурядових організацій у розгортанні реформи та зміцненні місцевого самоврядування.
Обґрунтовується думка, що реформа децентралізації не повинна обмежуватися інституційними змінами (змінами конституційного дизайну на субнаціональному рівні), а має забезпечити перехід від консультативної до партисипативної демократії, коли кожен член територіальної громади матиме право і реальну здатність безпосередньо або через виборних представників впливати на процес вироблення і зміст публічно-владних рішень, які безпосередньо визначають умови життя на відповідній території. Стверджується, що саме партисипативна демократія може слугувати ефективним інструментом протидії консолідації влади в руках зацікавлених бізнес-груп та політичних еліт, що захищають свої корпоративні інтереси. Звертається увага на необхідність підвищення легальної громадянської активності на місцевому рівні та посилення ролі органів самоорганізації населення як “інститутів сусідського самоврядування”.
Fungsi Pengawasan DPRD Terhadap Pelaksanaan Perda APBD Kota Sorong No.32 Tahun 2014
Authors: Ardi Ardi
Published: November 2019

Untuk mengetahui apakah Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kota Sorong telah melaksanakan fungsi pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan peraturan daerah tentang APBD Kota Sorong dengan baik atau belum. Untuk mengetahui hambatan/kendala dihadapi anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah dalam melaksanakan fungsi, pengawasan tersebut. Untuk mengetahui cara mengatasi hambatan atau kendala yang timbul sebagai akibat dari pelaksannaan fungsi pengawasan. Untuk mengetahui mekanisme pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan peraturan daerahÂ  tentang APBD oleh DPRD.
Hak Menguasai Negara Terhadap Pengadaan Tanah Untuk Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Oleh Pemerintah Daerah Kepada Pihak Ketiga
Authors: Kariadi Kariadi
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, menganalisis dan menjelaskan Â kewenangan dan kekuasaan yang dimiliki oleh Pemerintah sebagai lembaga Negara yang berwenang mengurusi tentang tanah. Tanah merupakan obyek yang urgen dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa dan bernegara.Berdasarkan penelitian dan Pembahasan, maka penulis Perkembangan tidak akan terlepas dari pertumbuhan dan perubahan yang terjadi dimasyarakat. Pertumbuhan dalam bidang industri dan perkebunan kelapa sawit akan mengubah tatanan sosial atau nilai-nilai sosial yang ada dalam masyarakat dan tidak sedikit berujung kepada konflik. Perubahan tingkahlaku (behavior) para aparatur Negara yang seharusnya menjadi â€œbapak yang baikâ€ buat masyarakatnya malah melakukan tindakan diskriminasi, lebih mengutamakan pemilik modal disebabkan kurangnya pengamalan dan pemahaman tentang nilai-nilai Pancasila dan Konstitusi. Hak menguasai negara dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya alam, bumi, air, dan ruang angkasa serta kekayan alam yang terkandung didalamnya, dikelolah secara holisme yang menyeluruh dalam artian memberikan pengelolaan dengan memperhatikan manfaat buat alam dan manusia, serta diperuntukan sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran dan kesejahteraan rakyat secara kolektif tanpa adanya diskriminasiÂ  terhadap golongan atau kelompok tertentu, â€menganak emaskanâ€ pemilik modal.
Peran Strategis Hukum Keluarga (Al-Ahwal Al Syakhsyiyah) Dalam Penguatan Sistem Peradilan Agama Di Indonesia
Authors: Tuasikal Hadi
Published: November 2019

Dalam sudut pandang ini, sulit memisahkan antara hukum keluarga dengan penguatan sistem peradilan agama di indonesia. Antara keduanya terdapat hubungan yang bersifat simbiosis mutualisme. Di mana perkembangan lembaga peradilan Agama yang tumbuh pesat membutuhkan sistem hukum dan peradilan yang efektif guna menjamin terwujudnya kepastian hukum dan menjaga kepercayaan masyarakat maupun pihak lain yang terkait dengan kewenangannya terutama dalam bidang hukum keluarga. Selain substansi hukum keluarga (al-Ahwal al-Syakhsyiyah)Â  tersebut maka tentu fakultas Syariah/hukum jurusan al-Ahwal al-Syakhsyiyah memiliki peran yang sama dalam membidani lahirnya sumber daya manusia yang andal dan profesional sebagai aparatur hukum di lingkungan peradilan Agama, baik sebagai hakim, panitera, jurusan instansi lainnya.
Tanggung Gugat Pengangkut Minyak Terhadap Pencemaran Lingkungan
Authors: Sahertian Marthin
Published: November 2019

Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagimana ketentuan kapal pengangkut minyak menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2008 tentang Pelayaran dan bagaimana kewajiban pengangkut membayar ganti rugi akibat pencemaran laut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yuridis normatif, artinya suatu penelitian yang bertumpu pada peraturan perundang-undangan dengan ditopang studi kepustakaan relevan dengan permasalahan dibahas kemudian dianalisis dan disimpulkan dalam penulisan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa salah pencemaran laut akibat tumpahan minyak atau limbah dari kapal, salah satunya adalah kurangnya tanggung jawab pemilik kapal terhadap pemeunuhan persyaratan-persyaratan teknis baik dari segi fisik kapal maupun ketentuan administrasi sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Akibat pencemaran laut yang berasal dari kapal maupun kegiatan ekplorasi pengeboran lepas pantai dalam bentuk meinyak melalui pengangkut oleh kapal pengangkut minyak, konsekuensinya adalah perlunya tanggung jawab terhadap akibat yang ditimbulkan karena itu, Undang-Undang telah mengatur sejumlah sanksi yang harus ditanggung oleh setiap penyebab terjadinya pencemaran laut baik penyelenggara pengangkutan minyak maupun pemilik kapal pengangkut minyak. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah diperlukan pengaturan yang lebih cermat, lebih rinci agar tidak bermakna ganda serta pengawasan secara kontinyu agar semua kapal pengangkut minyak dapat mematuhi syarat-syarat teknis dan syarat-syarat formal, serta perlu diadakan perkembangan aturan yang mampu mengimbangi kemajuan teknologi.
Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pengangkutan Bahan Bakar Minyak Subsidi Tanpa Ijin Usaha Pengangkutan
Authors: Asri Muhammad
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kantor Pengadilan Kota Sorong dengan mengambil sebanyak 2 orang Hakim, 3 orang saksi dan terdakwa sebagai sampel pengamatan yang diberikan wawancarai. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi dan wawancara terstruktur dengan responden, juga diadakan wawancara bebas dengan para pegawai tertentu serta menelaah naskah-naskah asli (dokumen). Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis deskripsi kualitatif.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pada perkara Nomor 105/Pid.B/2017/PN.Son Majelis Hakim memutuskan bahwa terdakwa telah terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah telah melakukan tindak pidana â€œMenyalahgunakan Pengangkutan Dan Niaga Bahan Bakar Minyak Yang Disubsidi Pemerintah. Terdakwa MUNAWAR KHALIL Alias ALE telah terbukti melanggar Pasal 55 UU RI No. 22 Tahun 2001 tentang Minyak dan Gas Bumi. Namun, menurut penulis hakim dan Jaksa Penuntut Umum dalam menerapkan hukum pidana lebih tepat jika memutus terdakwa melanggar Pasal 53 Undang-undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2001 tentang Minyak dan Gas Bumi. Dalam memutus suatu perkara, Majelis Hakim Pengadilan Negeri Sorong lalai dalam menerapkan hukum dengan tidak mempertimbangkan secara matang dakwaan dari Jaksa Penuntut Umum. Majelis Hakim menjatuhkan vonis kepada terdakwa Pasal 55 Undang-undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2001 bukan Pasal 53 Undang- undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2001, sehingga putusan hakim dapat dikatakan keliru.
Penyelesaian Kredit Macet Logam Mulia Di PT. Pegadaian Sorong
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Suaiba Imelda pastiana
Published: November 2019

Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pertama, Upaya dalam penyelesaiaan kredit macet dalam pelaksanaan pembiayaan Logam MULIA dengan akad murabahah adalah dengan dua cara yaitu, Lelang Logam Mulia dan Musyawarah dengan Penawaran perpindahan status kredit yaitu Krasida, KCA dan Buyback. Kedua, Hambatan-Hambatan yang yang terjadi dalam proses penyelesaian kredit macet yaitu Hambatan dari nasabah dan Pegadaian, Hambatan Sarana Pendukung dan Hambatan Masyarakat. Melalui penelitian ini, penulis menyarankan kepada PT. Pegadaian Cabang Sorong agar lebih banyak lagi melakukan sosialisasi atau edukasi terhadap masyarakat tentang Logam Mulia Emas Batangan, karena banyak keuntungan yang didapatkan dari berinvestasi emas. Dan PT. Pegadaian cabang Sorong dalam meminimalisir hambatan-hambatan yang sering terjadi, harus selalu mengupgrape system dan data nasabah dan pihak nasabah harus juga memberitahukan kepada PT. Pegadaian Cabang Sorong jika ada perubahan data.
Perjanjian Kredit Yang Mencantumkan Kausula Asuransi Jiwa
Authors: Mursid Akhmad faqih
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, menganalisis dan menjelaskan penerapan hukum terhadap para pihak dengan dicantumkannya klausula asuransi jiwa dalam perjanjian kredit.Berdasarkan penelitian dan Pembahasan, maka penulis menyimpulkan Dalam asuransi jiwa kita mengenal 3 (tiga) pihak yaitu penanggung, tertanggung (debitur yang menanggungkan jiwanya), penikmat (ahli wari atau yang diperjanjikan). Ketiga pihak bila disederhanakan lagi menjadi, debitur, kreditur, dan perusahaan asuransi. Asuransi jiwa yang merupakan salah satu contoh asuransi dengan biaya tertentu yang mana penggantian risiko tidak akan sesuai dengan risiko yang dialaminya.Kematian merupakan evenemen dalam asuransi jiwa, yang menimbulkan hak dan kewajiban bagi para pihak. Pada umumnya ketika tertanggung meninggal dunia maka penanggung mempunyai kewajiban untuk memberikan ganti rugi kepada penikmat (ahli waris) kecuali diperjanjikan lain. Misalnya pihak debitur menyetujui klausula yang diberikan oleh pihak bank, berisikan kerja sama dengan pihak asuransi jiwa untuk menanggulangi risiko yang terjadi. Jadi dalam hal ini pihak bank bertindak sebagai pemegang polis (penerima) ganti kerugian.
Penerapan Pasal 1 Huruf B Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2008 Terhadap Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah Provinsi Papua Barat
Authors: R.S. Rakia A. Sakti
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana penyelenggaran pemerintahan daerah berdasarkan Otonomi Khusus menurut Undang-Undang nomor 35 tahun 2008, serta, bagaimana Kedudukan dan Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah Provinsi Papua Barat Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2008. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif-yuridis yang mengacu pada norma hukum segala peraturan perundang-undangan yang relevan dengan judul penelitian, dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sifat penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif-analistis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan, kerancuan redaksi ketentuan Pasal 1 huruf b berdasarkan kaidah pembentukan peraturan-perundang-undangan belumlah dapat dikatakan telah memenuhi kaidah pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan yang baik. Di lain sisi, kedudukan dan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah Provinsi Papua Barat berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan dapat dikatakan legitimatif. Kedudukan Provinsi Papua Barat dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah berdasarkan Otonomi Khusus menurut UU Otsus jo. Perpu Nomor 1 Tahun 2008, dalam Konsideran menimbang disebutkan secara tegas bahwa keberadaan Provinsi Irian Jaya Barat yang kemudian berubah menjadi Provinsi Papua Barat, dalam kenyataannya telah menjalankan urusan pemerintahan dan pembangunan serta memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat sejak tahun 2003, namun belum diberlakukan Otonomi Khusus berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 21Tahun 2001 tentang Otonomi Khusus Bagi Provinsi Papua.
Akutansi Forensik Dalam Upaya Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi
Authors: Hasriyanti Hasriyanti
Published: November 2019

Korupsi telah menjadi isu yang fenomenal dan selalu menarik untuk dibahas di Indonesia. Korupsi telah dianggap sebagai akar penyebab masalah nasional, seperti ekonomi biaya tinggi, pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan hambatan investasi, berfokus pada kesempatan menerapkan konsep akuntansi forensik dalam memberikan bukti untuk mendukung keputusan pengadilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran akuntansi forensik melalui pendekatan preventif, detektif, dan korektif untuk mencegah dan menangani korupsi di Indonesia. Model segitiga penipuan Cressey digunakan untuk memetakan peran akuntansi forensik dalam mencegah korupsi.
Pengambilan Minuta Akta Dan Pemanggilan Notaris Serta Hak Ingkar Notaris Berdasarkan Sumpah Jabatan Notaris Dalam Pemeriksaan Perkara Perdata Di Pengadilan
Authors: Simanjuntak Kristi W
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana persetujuan Majelis Kehormatan Notaris (MKN) terkait pengambilan minuta akta dan pemanggilan Notaris dalam pemeriksaan perkara perdata, dan bagaimana tanggung jawab Notaris saat memberikan keterangan di pengadilan dalam pemeriksaan perkara perdata, terkait hak ingkar dan rahasia jabatan Notaris. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini metode yuridis normatif, artinya suatu penelitian yang bertumpu pada peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konsep (conseptual approach) dengan ditopang studi kepustakaan relevan dengan permasalahan dibahas kemudian dianalisis dan disimpulkan dalam penulisan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa berdasarkan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur tentang mekanisme pengambilan Minuta Akta dan Pemanggilan Notaris dengan persetujuan Majelis Kehormatan Notaris dalam pemeriksaan perkara perdata di Pengadilan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk kepentingan proses peradilan, para pihak ataupun hakim, terlebih dahulu harus mendapatkan persetujuan Majelis Kehormatan Notaris. Di samping itu, berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur tentang pengambilan Minuta Akta dan Pemanggilan Notaris, pengaturan tentang kedudukan Notaris sebagai tergugat atau turut tergugat dalam perkara perdata tidak disebutkan secara tegas. Beberapa hal penting yang mengatur pengambilan Minuta Akta dan Pemanggilan Notaris sebagian besar hanya mengatur tentang kedudukan Notaris sebagai saksi atau tersangka dalam perkara pidana. Berkaitan dengan tanggung Jawab notaris dalam pemeriksaan perkara perdata di pengadilan terkait rahasia jabatan dan hak ingkar notaris dalam meemberikan keterangan di pengadilan oleh Notaris terkait akta yang dibuatnya bersifat fakultatif, walaupun pada akhirnya keputusan akhir dari pemberian izin tersebut didasarkan kepada pertimbangan Majelis Kehormatan Notaris, ataupun juga berdasarkan keputusan hakim yang mewajibkan Notaris memberikan keterangan di pengadilan sehingga hak ingkar Notaris yang berkaitan dengan sumpah jabatan Notaris menjadi berakhir. Dalam kondisi yang demikian, Notaris harus mendapatkan perlindungan hukum atas keterangan yang diberikannya, termasuk bebas dari sanksi hukum yang mengatur tentang rahasia jabatan