bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corporate Governance Disclosure and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Agwor Thankgod C. , Amuchechukwu Njokuji Ignatius
Published: November 2020

Given that a key mechanism of corporate governance is corporate disclosure, this study, anchored on agency theory and stakeholder theory, examined the effect of corporate governance disclosure on the financial performance of deposit money banks quoted on the Nigeria Stock Exchange. Based on the provisions of the Code of Corporate Governance for Public Companies in Nigeria, 2011 and the Code of Corporate Governance for Banks and Discount Houses 2014, the study developed a disclosure checklist and employed content analysis method to extract corporate governance from 78 annual reports of thirteen Nigerian deposit money banks from 2011 to 2016. The study categorized corporate governance disclosure into three – corporate governance disclosure on board of directors, corporate governance disclosure on risk framework, and corporate governance disclosure on whistle blowing policy. It constructed an overall corporate governance disclosure index as well as sub-indices corresponding to the three categories of corporate governance disclosure. The study formulated ten hypotheses and ranked ordinary least square methods of multiple regressions to explore the relationship between corporate governance disclosure and the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The result showed a positive and significant association between overall corporate governance disclosure and the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The result of the OLS regressions also supported a positive effect of corporate governance disclosure on board of directors and whistle blowing policy on the financial performance of the deposit money banks in Nigeria. Contrary to expectation, the study failed to document a significant association between corporate governance disclosure on risk framework and financial performance of deposit money banks. This study has contributed empirically to the body of knowledge by providing broader understanding of the effect of corporate governance disclosure on the financial performance of a critical sector of the Nigerian economy. Methodologically, the study is one of the few that developed disclosure checklist based on the provisions of both codes of corporate governance of Securities and Exchange Commission and Central bank of Nigeria and employed ranked OLS.
A Comparative Study on Different Types of Premiums in Life Insurance Policies
Authors: Uddin Kutub , Uddin Md. Kaosar , Kadir Farhad , Mondal Rabindra Nath
Published: November 2020

An insurance system is a mechanism for reducing the adverse financial impact of random events that prevents the fulfillment of reasonable expectations, i.e. Insurance is designed to protect against serious financial reversals that may result from random events intruding on the plans of individuals. The Life Insurance Company calculates the policy price with the intent to recover claims to be paid and administrative costs and to make a profit. The cost of insurance is determined using the Mortality Table calculated by Actuaries. The insurance companies receive premiums from the policy owner and invest them to create a pool of money from which to pay claims and finance the insurance company’s operations. Rates charged for life insurance increase with the insured’s age because statistically people are more likely to die as they get older. In this paper, we have discussed different types of insurance policies including expenses and its impacts on lives. We also discussed the annual premium rates of endowment plans, three-payment plans and six-payment plans. Matlab programming is used to calculate the premium rates.
How Business Ethics Can Enhance the Brand Image in the Healthcare Sector – A Case Study of Evercare Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Emma Nazmun Nahar , Shaily Sharjana Alam
Published: November 2020

The healthcare sector is one of the most important industries in the economy of a country. Ethical practices in this sector are crucial for organizations to follow. The main aim of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the impact of business ethics on the brand image in the healthcare sector. The authors have chosen Evercare Hospital which is situated in Bangladesh as their case to carry out the research for this paper. Primary data for this research has been collected from a sample size of 110 respondents, which includes both employees and customers of Evercare Hospital, with the help of a structured set of survey questions. The data collected has been analyzed using SPSS as per the purposes of the current research. The research has revealed that carrying out ethical practices has a positive impact on the brand image of a company. Therefore, Evercare Hospital needs to focus on its ethical practices and carry them out properly to further strengthen its brand image.
Measurement of Energy Production from Biogas: Evidence from the Wastewater Treatment Plant in Durres
Authors: Sefa Stela , Floqi Tania , Sefa Julian
Published: November 2020

The wastewater treatment plant serving the city of Durres, which is the second most populous city of Albania, employs the tertiary advanced wastewater treatment method and engages in biogas production to achieve energy efficiency. In order to empirically evaluate the plant’s energy efficiency realization, the total biogas produced and converted to electricity for daily consumption was measured during a three years period (2016 - 2018). The highest electricity produced was recorded in 2016, with a daily average of 844kWh compared to 550kWh and 370kWh in 2017 and 2018, respectively. So that the plant meets proper criteria to classify as an energy-efficient entity, 30.0 percent of its electricity consumption must be derived from biogas. Converted in kWh, the plant should generate 2,975 kWh/day. Based on the biomass and energy values measured during the study period, it is concluded that electricity supplied from biogas met 6.0 percent of the plant’s energy requirements, or one fifth of the energy-efficiency target. While the plant was successful in carrying out the full waste-to-energy production process, the electricity supplied from biogas was very low and did not fulfil the plant’s self-energy requirements.
Design and Construction of a Double Pipe Heat Exchanger for Laboratory Application
Authors: Ebieto C. E. , Ana R. R. , Nyong O. E. , Saturday E. G.
Published: November 2020

Engineering education is incomplete without laboratory practices. One of such laboratory equipment necessary for all engineering students to have hands-on in the course of their undergraduate studies is the heat exchanger. This work presents the detailed design and construction of a laboratory type double pipe heat exchanger that can be used both in the parallel and counter flow configuration. The heat exchanger was constructed using galvanized steel for both the tube and shell. Experiments were designed and carried out to test the performance of the heat exchangers. The heat exchanger performance characteristics (logarithm mean temperature difference (LMTD), heat transfer rate, effectiveness, and overall heat transfer coefficient) were obtained and compared for the two configurations. The LMTD tends to be relatively constant as the flow rate was increased for both the parallel and counter-flow configuration but with a higher value for the parallel flow configuration. The heat exchanger has a higher heat transfer rate, effectiveness, and overall heat transfer coefficient and therefore has more performance capability for the counter-flow configuration. The overall heat transfer coefficient increased as the flow rate increased for both configurations. Importantly, as a result of this project, Mechanical Engineering students can now have hands-on laboratory experience on how the double pipe heat exchanger works.
Dynamic Analysis of Encastre Beams by Modification of the System’s Stiffness Distribution
Authors: Okonkwo V. O. , Aginam C. H. , Nwaiwu C. M. O.
Published: November 2020

Numerical and energy methods are used to dynamically analyze beams and complex structures. Hamilton’s principle gives exact results but cannot be easily applied in frames and complex structures. Lagrange’s equations can easily be applied in complex structures by lumping the continuous masses at selected nodes. However, this would alter the mass distribution of the system, thus introducing errors in the results of the dynamic analysis. This error can be corrected by making a corresponding modification in the systems’ stiffness matrix. This was achieved by simulating a beam with uniformly distributed mass with the force equilibrium equations. The lumped mass structures were simulated with the equations of motion. The continuous systems were analyzed using the Hamilton’s principle and the vector of nodal forces {P} causing vibration obtained. The nodal forces and displacements were then substituted into the equations of motion to obtain the modified stiffness values as functions of a set of stiffness modification factors. When the stiffness distribution of the system was modified by means of these stiffness modification factors, it was possible to predict accurately the natural fundamental frequencies of the lumped mass encastre beam irrespective of the position or number of lumped masses.
Obesity Management in Primary Health Care: Front-Line Providers’ Experiences and Views
Authors: Al-Saadi Hatem , Malallah Haya , Al-Saadi Jameela , ALsheala Narjis , Al- Balushi Abdullah , Al-Abri Said , Al-Saadi Tariq
Published: November 2020

As in the rest of the world, obesity in Oman has increased and according to World Health Organization (WHO) data, prevalence of obesity in 2008 and 2016 were 20.9% and 27% respectively. This study explores primary care physicians’ current strategies and management of obesity, attitude and perceptions towards obesity, educational needs, and their views on long-term follow up.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted where practicing family medicine physicians from different governorates were invited to participate in an online questionnaire-based survey. Participant were invited via email and responses were kept anonymous. Responses were collected over three weeks in April 2019 and only responses that met inclusion criteria were analyzed with SPSS v22.
Results: 77 complete responses met inclusion criteria and female were the majority (67.5%). Half of participants had less than 10 years of experience. Weight and BMI were recorded routinely by two-thirds of participants whereas waist- hip ratio was recorded by only 12%. Weight reduction medications were prescribed by 5.2% and 24% would refer an obese patient to Bariatric center. Main barrier to obesity management and referral was inadequate obesity specialist centers followed by short consultation times. The pathophysiology mechanism of obesity and related hormones was only known by 40.8%. Almost all participants agreed that formal obesity management training should be integrated as part of residency training.
Conclusion: Despite the significant number of comorbidities related to obesity and its complications, weight, BMI and other anthropometric measures were not routinely performed. Nationally, the rate of referral to bariatric centers for evaluation is low. Boundaries and challenges do exist and need to be addressed. Obesity and weight management need to be integrated as part of Family Physicians Training Program.
La relation mère-enfant dans la dramaturgie staëlienne
Authors: Jișa Simona
Published: November 2020

"The Relationship between Mother and Child in Staël’s Playwriting. The article aims to analyse the plays of Germaine de Staël Agar dans le désert, Geneviève de Brabant and La Sunamite, considered as serious dramas, brought together in the perspective of the maternal relationship. The maternal archetype follows the form of the mater dolorosa capable of the greatest sacrifices. The child is seen as being inseparable from the mother and is often an innocent victim of human sins. Passionate love as the essential coordinate of romanticism is replaced by maternal love and by the love of God. The plays have a clear moralizing value, but the pathos of declamation and the introspection, characteristic of romanticism, are well visible. Keywords: Germaine de Staël, theatre, maternal relationship, romanticism."
Specifics of using credit banking instruments in conditions of the Russian banking system development
Authors: Lukovnikova N.S.
Published: November 2020

Subject. Uncertainty and risks of the banking system development have increased against the background of identified inefficient credit and payment instruments. The conceptual framework for the said system development includes not only the State support to backbone banks, but also establishing the cause-effect relationship between the offered banking product and the service, and the conditions and legal grounds stipulated for banks, having basic and universal licenses.
Objectives. The purpose is to identify the specifics of banking operations related to credit products, considering the changes in distribution of payment instruments of banks in the credit card market.
Methods. The study employs empirical and theoretical methods, like formalization, observation, comparison, test of cause and effect relationships. The systems approach forms a basis of the study.
Results. I consider conditions for obtaining the government support for targeted loans, including the participation in major innovative projects and programs and the need to balance financing for the acquisition of intangible assets through subsidized interest rates on loans. It is recommended to introduce the concept of ‘credit banking instruments’ for scientific and economy-related purposes.
Conclusions. Improving the efficiency of the use of credit banking instruments should be implemented on the basis of a comprehensive system of preventing financial losses, diversification of loan portfolio and optimization of payments with bank card holders, taking into account the lending policy, formed in the context of activities of a particular federal district and the subject of the Russian Federation.
Analyzing the business and financial performance indicators of the world's leading public oil and gas corporations
Authors: Shimko O.V.
Published: November 2020

Subject. This article explores the financial, stock-exchange and operating performance, as well as the financial and economic analysis ratios of the twenty five leading public oil and gas companies between 2006 and 2018.
Objectives. The article aims to identify key trends in the changes in financial, stock-exchange and operating performance, as well as the analysis ratios of the largest public oil and gas companies, and identify the factors that have caused these changes.
Methods. For the study, I used comparative, and financial and economic analyses, and generalization.
Results. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the twenty five oil and gas companies' annual reports, the article identifies trends in the changes in financial, stock-exchange and operating performance in the industry's public sector, and establishes the main factors that affected these changes.
Conclusions. Despite the growth of raw materials production, the stock segment of the oil and gas industry shows a decrease in profitability. This has a negative impact on the market attractiveness of the oil and gas sector.
Accounting for modifications to the lease agreement in the lessee's financial reporting
Authors: Lisovskaya I.A. , Trapeznikova N.G.
Published: November 2020

Subject. In their financial statements for 2022 and later on, the Russian entities will have to apply FSBU 25/2018 – Accounting for Lease if they need to recognize lease transactions. As FSBU 25/2018 fails to clearly regulate the procedure for recognizing contractual modifications, we examined approaches provided by IFRS 16 – Lease and illustrate how such modifications should be presented in the lessee's financial statements.
Objectives. We make suggestions on the way modifications of lease contracts should be recognized in the lessee's financial statements with reference to its preparation to the adoption of FSBU 25/2018.
Methods. The study relies upon the systems analysis and logic summary of legislative and regulatory documents and special literature on the subject.
Results. Illustrating some cases, we showcase how various types of modifications influence figures in financial statements. We also provide the rationale for a professional judgment on the correct understanding of various aspects of such modifications in terms of IFRS 16.
Conclusions. The adoption of FSBU 25/2018 will entail considerable preparations, since it substantially alters the way lease transactions are accounted for. Adapting the logic of IFRS 16 to the Russian context, FSBU 25/2018 unfolds the basic approach to accounting for such transactions. However, some complicated practical issues are overlooked in FSBU 25/2018. Therefore, it is reasonable to make methodological clarifications on the way modifications of lease contracts should be correctly recognized, including implications of COVID-19, which considerably influence the scale of business and the need of many entities to lease items. The findings are intended for research and practice, training on accounting and financial management. They also may underlie suggestions on the improvement of the Russian accounting technique pursuing the convergence of modern international practices.
The relationship between external and internal control systems of the budgetary institution
Authors: Endovitskii D.A. , Golovin S.V. , Spiridonova N.E.
Published: November 2020

Subject. This article explores the relationship between external and internal control systems of budgetary institutions.
Objectives. The article aims to analyze the relationship between external and internal control systems of the budget-funded entity.
Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis, grouping, comparison, and generalization.
Results. The article defines the contents of the concepts of External Control of the Budgetary Institution and Internal Control of the Budgetary Institution and compares external and internal controls, revealing common features and fundamental differences. The article also presents a structured system of external control in the Russian Federation and reveals the relationship between external and internal controls as elements of a unified control system.
Conclusions. The interaction of external and internal controls rules out overlapping of control activities and contributes to improving external control efficiency and more efficient risk-oriented planning within internal control.
The Washington Consensus, liberal ideas and terms of the military-technological policy
Authors: Gladyshevskii V.L. , Gorgola E.V. , Khudyakov D.V.
Published: November 2020

Subject. In the twentieth century, the most developed countries formed a permanent military economy represented by military-industrial complexes, which began to perform almost a system-forming role in national economies, acting as the basis for ensuring national security, and being an independent military and political force. The United States is pursuing a pronounced militaristic policy, has almost begun to unleash a new "cold war" against Russia and to unwind the arms race, on the one hand, trying to exhaust the enemy's economy, on the other hand, to reindustrialize its own economy, relying on the military-industrial complex.
Objectives. We examine the evolution, main features and operational distinctions of the military-industrial complex of the United States and that of the Russian Federation, revealing sources of their military-technological and military-economic advancement in comparison with other countries.
Methods. The study uses military-economic analysis, scientific and methodological apparatus of modern institutionalism.
Results. Regulating the national economy and constant monitoring of budget financing contribute to the rise of military production, especially in the context of austerity and crisis phenomena, which, in particular, justifies the irrelevance of institutionalists' conclusions about increasing transaction costs and intensifying centralization in the industrial production management with respect to to the military-industrial complex.
Conclusions. Proving to be much more efficient, the domestic military-industrial complex, without having such access to finance as the U.S. military monopolies, should certainly evolve and progress, strengthening the coordination, manageability, planning, maximum cost reduction, increasing labor productivity, and implementing an internal quality system with the active involvement of the State and its resources.
Key criteria, principles and directions for sustainable gold mining
Authors: Chi Chang
Published: November 2020

Subject. The article discusses what distinguishes the sustainable development of gold mining in the Russian Federation.
Objectives. I herein set up criteria and principles for ensuring the sustainable development of gold mining so as to reach the balance of the economy, environment and social sector throughout places where gold mining enterprises operate.
Methods. My theoretical projections are based on the analysis of economic literature and empirical research on resources, environment and sustainable economic development in the existing economic growth areas.
Results. I examine the relationship of key criteria and principles for the sustainable development of gold mining. The article aligns directions for the reasonable natural resource use in gold mining, displays opportunities digital technologies give at phases of prospecting, production, processing, trade, maintenance and repair of mining equipment. The article also sets up gold mining investment requirements in terms of further sustainable development.
Conclusions and Relevance. The set of gold mining requirements for the Russian Federation will now help flag points for further sustainable development of the gold mining sector as a method to steer and manage the business, ensuring the dynamic growth and balance of related and mutually dependent social, environmental and economic aspects provided they could be regularly and constantly updated. The set of requirements will bring the gold mining sector to the forefront of the Russian industrial production. If a 50 tonnes limit is raised or lifted, the sector will more easily apply for foreign investment and increase the finance of geological prospecting, since the 50 tonnes limit restricted foreign investment in federal subsoil areas.
Conceptualizing the impact of machines, science and technologies on the sociocultural environment that shapes the teacher's paradigm of values and views of life
Authors: Lanchakov A.B. , Filin S.A. , Yakushev A.Zh. , Zhusipova E.E.
Published: November 2020

Subject. In this article we analyze how machinery, science and technologies influence the sociocultural environment that engenders the teacher's paradigm of values and views of life.
Objectives. We herein outline guidance to predict the way teachers' views of life might evolve in corresponding sociocultural periods more precisely. The article analyzes making more precise forecasts of oncoming economic crises, which will cause some changes in teachers' mindset.
Methods. The study involves learning methodologies, methods of prediction and forecasting, including foresight.
Results. We propose and analyze the theory holding that the human civilization passes cycles during its sociocultural development in terms of a new set of values in contemporary teachers' views of life. The article sets forth our recommendations on innovation-driven views of life, mindset and thinking and, consequently, the development of intellectual qualities, knowledge, skills, cognitive activity, positive motivation to the professional activity of a teacher and alumni during more elevated periods, which requires to more precisely predict the way teachers’ mindset may change in certain sociocultural periods.
Conclusions and Relevance. As the human civilization enters the innovation-driven sociocultural period, teachers and social relationships should demonstrate more innovative and environmentally-friendly attitudes and views of life.
La participación laboral de hombres y mujeres en México: Análisis desde el enfoque de género
Authors: Rodriguez Perez Reyna Elizabeth , García Alvarado Felipe De Jesus
Published: November 2020

Con el objetivo de conocer si los roles de género que asignan a las mujeres el papel de cuidadora del hogar y sus miembros y al hombre como proveedor, condicionan la participación de ambos en el mercado de trabajo y si la participación ha variado a lo largo del periodo 2005-2018, dado que las condiciones macroeconómicas y de inclusión de la mujer a la vida laboral se han modificado. Para la comprobación empírica se estima un modelo probit y se realiza el cálculo de los efectos marginales y posteriormente para comprobar la fiabilidad de los modelos, se calculan los gráficos del análisis de especificidad y sensibilidad para diferentes puntos de corte, así como los contrastes asociados a las curvas sobre las Características Operativas del Receptor (ROC). Los cálculos se hacen con los microdatos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo 2005 y 2018. Los principales resultados indican que la probabilidad de participación aumenta para mujeres y hombres con la escolaridad (todos los rangos), experiencia, jefatura de hogar, número de dependientes; y reduce su participación en los rangos de edad mayores de 56 años, horas dedicadas al cuidado de integrantes y de mantenimiento del hogar, remesas y ayudas de gobierno; finalmente la variable que tiene efectos distintos entre hombres y mujeres es el estar casado. Estos resultados reafirman los roles de género que imperan en la sociedad mexicana.
Una teoría de la heurística de la reputación económica basada en índices
Authors: Llorente Jesús Plaza
Published: November 2020

En este artículo se ha definido y formalizado una Teoría de la Heurística de la Reputación Económica Basada en Índices y contrastado su procedimiento mediante un caso. Para tratar la información relativa a la reputación de agentes o instituciones económicas contenida en índices de variada procedencia o naturaleza, se ha formulado una Teoría cuyos elementos fundamentales son: las definiciones de Reputación Económica y Variable de Anclaje, tres proposiciones y dos corolarios. La aplicación sistemática de la Teoría definida en este artículo puede ser de utilidad para tomar decisiones cuando la reputación económica de los agentes involucrados se expresa mediante índices o rankings.
El efecto de la población inmigrante sobre el empleo y salarios de los trabajadores nativos. Una investigación empírica para España, 2009-2018
Authors: Atienza-Montero Pedro , Romo-Calixto Cynthia Esther
Published: November 2020

En este trabajo se analiza empíricamente el efecto de la inmigración en España sobre el empleo y los salarios de los trabajadores nativos durante el período 2009-2018. Se utiliza la metodología de las celdas de habilidad de Borjas (2003). Los resultados muestran, en análisis de datos de panel, que la población inmigrante no tiene un efecto estadísticamente significativo sobre el empleo y salarios de los trabajadores españoles. Sin embargo, realizando estimaciones de sección cruzada, se muestra que la inmigración tuvo un efecto negativo sobre el empleo nativo para los años de crisis 2013 y 2014 y positivo en el año 2017 y en cuanto a los salarios de los nativos, el efecto es negativo en 2010 y 2014.
COVID-19 and employment in Brazilian microregions: A spatial analysis
Authors: Stege Alysson Luiz , Pelinski Raiher Augusta , Souza do Carmos Alex Sander
Published: November 2020

The main goal of this paper is to analyze the Covid-19 effect on jobs, using Brazilian microregions data.  The Covid-19 effect was disaggregated into exogenous (reduction in exports) and endogenous (increase in social distancing) variables, the coefficient was estimated by Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Using this methodology we can control the extremum heterogeneity, estimating one coefficient for each microregion in the sample. The results revealed that exports did not have any effects on jobs. On the other hand, the social distancing presented negative effect on employment, besides, stronger effect was observed in the Brazilian Northeastern region.
Natural Resource Abundance, Renewable Energy, and Ecological Footprint Linkage in MENA Countries
Authors: Nathaniel Solomon Prince , Adeleye Ngozi , Adedoyin Festus Fatai
Published: November 2020

Apart from being vulnerable to the menace created by climate change, the MENA countries consume more of non-renewable energy despite their resource endowments and great renewable energy potentials. Energy consumption, natural resource exploration and urbanization may add to environmental degradation since ecological distortions emanate from human activities. This study investigates the effects of the aforementioned variables on the ecological footprint in MENA countries. The findings confirm the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and further reveal the negative impact of natural resource and economic growth on the environment. Renewable energy and urbanization reduce ecological footprint. The Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) were applied to obtain the country-specific results. Further findings suggest a feedback causality between urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprint. Policy directions based on the findings are extensively discussed.
A Regression-Adjustment Approach with Control-Function for Estimating Economic Benefits of Targeted Circular Economy Practices: Evidence from European SMEs
Authors: Secondi Luca
Published: November 2020

The transition towards a circular economy model has been increasingly recognized at different institutional and systemic levels as a suitable framework to promote sustainable economic growth through greater efficiency in the use of resources, extension of products’ life cycle while safeguarding the environmental impacts. In this study, by using the data from the Flash Eurobarometer 441 sample survey and referring to a counterfactual setting, we aims at estimating the average effects of various circular economy practices on the SMEs’ economic performance, by explicitly considering the existence of endogeneity in the modelled processes. The results obtained supported the importance of intensifying and accelerating the transition to circularity, especially focusing on the optimization of waste management and the use of renewable energy.
Tradução de fraseologismos metafóricos: contribuições teórico-metodológicas da linguística de corpus
Authors: Rocha Jean Michel Pimentel , Viana Vander , Orenha-Ottaiano Adriane
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e discutir a contribuição teórico-metodológica da Linguística de Corpus para a análise de fraseologismos metafóricos traduzidos da língua portuguesa para a língua inglesa por estudantes universitários brasileiros. O artigo discorre, primeiramente, sobre as sinergias entre os estudos da metáfora, corpus e tradução, que têm possibilitado novos olhares para os estudos linguísticos. Posteriormente, é detalhada a proposta metodológica aqui sugerida, que é fundamentada na coocorrência estatística de unidades lexicais e em seus respectivos contextos. A análise diferencia sequências lexicais de fraseologismos e usos metafóricos de não-metafóricos. Dessa forma, é possível identificar se as traduções propostas pelos universitários que participaram da pesquisa são ou não convencionais em língua inglesa. A título de exemplificação, o artigo apresenta e discute a análise de fraseologismos metafóricos que têm como metáforas conceituais subjacentes o corpo é um contêiner, meios são caminhos para um propósito, desistir é abandonar o barco e terrorismo é fenômeno da natureza. Os resultados apontam para a viabilidade da estratégia metodológica aqui proposta e apresentam suas inúmeras vantagens analíticas.
The Design of the Porch of an Administrative-Residential Building of the 18th Century in the Central Part of Umrevinsky Ostrog
Authors: Borodovsky Andrew P.
Published: November 2020

Purpose. The article discusses the option of possible reconstruction of the residential facility porch in the central part of the Umrevinsky Ostrog (built in 1703). The archaeological studies of this object revealed that this structure had existed prior to the 1760s. It had been assumed earlier that this wooden structure functioned as either a government or judicial office. Such an administrative building was constructed on top of a tall basement. On the one hand, it had traces of a pile-supported, columnar-lined structure based on the several holes for wooden supports. Such holes for piles were located in a rectangular shape next to one of the side ends of the main log-house on top of the basement. On the other hand, one of the pile holes was located far beyond this structure.
Results. It can be assumed that the pile hole beyond the structure points to a past support pile of a tall porch of the wooden building on top of the basement. The as-built reconstruction of the porch of such type allowed obtaining additional arguments to support a hypothesis regarding the administrative purpose of the residential facility located in the centre of Umrevinsky Ostrog.
Conclusion. Taking into account the government office orientation in relation to the wind diagram, the proposed option of the pile-supported porch structure along with the columnar-lined basement of the “seni” (mud room) has the most favourable aerodynamics ensuring minimal snow accumulation. These characteristics are extremely fitting given the Siberian climatic conditions.
Three Sabers of the Mongol Empire Times from the Territory of Kazakhstan
Authors: Bobrov Leonid A. , Kushkumbaev Aibolat K. , Kairmagambetov Arkhat M. , Ismailov Daniyar
Published: November 2020

Purpose. The article considers three sabers stored in the Akmola Regional Museum of Local History (inv. No. ГИК 2322/1, ARMLH, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan), National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan (inv. No. KRUM 802, NMRK, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan) and a private collection. The saber from NMRK was found in a destroyed mound in the Shet District, Karaganda Region (Central Kazakhstan).
Results. Total lengths of these sabers are: 90.5, 73.0 and 91 cm (including the blade length – 82.2, 66.3 and 82.2. cm, widths in the area of the ricasso are 3.5, 3.4 and 3.5 cm). All three single-edged blades under consideration have a more or less strong curve. The tip of the saber from the private collection has a rib and double edge clips with long pronounced iron ‘tongues’ welded on to the ricasso of the blade. In two cases the ‘tongues’ are decorated with sharp-angled spikes. A rivet attaching the ‘cheeks’ of the hilt is inserted into the hole of the tang blade that is bent sideward (the saber from the private collection has an S-shaped rivet head). The guard has a characteristic ‘boat-shaped’ design. Based on the typological analysis, it was identified that the samples under consideration differ from traditional sabers of the Turkic nomads of Kazakhstan during the Kimak and Kipchak periods (10th – 12th Centuries). Their closest analogues were found on the territory of Southern Siberia and date back to the 13th – 14th Centuries. It is highly possible that the appearance of sabers of this type on the territory of Northern and Central Kazakhstan were associated with the events of the Mongol invasion in the 13th Century and the inclusion of Eastern Dasht-I Kipchak into the Mongol Empire.
Conclusion. It seems that the sabers were forged by masters in Southern Siberia and were then brought to Northern and Central Kazakhstan by the Chingizid troops. The small number of long-bladed weapons of the 13th – 14th centuries found on the territory of Kazakhstan determines high scientific value of the considered sabers.
Certain Military Features of the Siberian Tatar Warriors at the End of the 16th Century (Based on Materials Gathered by G. F. Miller)
Authors: Khudyakov Yuliy S. , Borisenko Alisa Yu.
Published: November 2020

Purpose. This article considers and analyzes certain features of armament and military science of the Siberian Tatar warriors, that are related to the time of campaign into Siberia of the Russian Cossacks troop under the command of ataman Ermak; these features were mentioned and researched according to data of the Russian Siberian chronicle sources by famous scientist, historian of the 18th Century, academician Gerhard Friedrich Müller.
Results. It is pointed out, that several parts of the Siberian Tatar ruling elite were familiar with firearm and artillery action, and even tried unsuccessful to use artillery pieces, gained during a previous period in Kazan, against the Cossacks in the course of hostilities. However, there were no skilled artillerists among Siberian Tatars who could fire off their artillery pieces. Quite possibly, effective possession of firearms and artillery ensured the definite military superiority to the Cossacks at the time of military clashes with Siberian Tatar warriors during all time of the Cossack troop campaign into Siberia, led by ataman Ermak. Bitter disagreements and struggle for power, among different groups of Siberian Tatar nobility weaken its confronting of the Cossack troop. Gerhard Friedrich Müller drew on varied informative data, contained in the Russian Siberian annalistic historical sources, where it is described how the campaign of the Cossack troop, led by famous ataman Ermak, via mountain range of the Urals into Western Siberia to the territory of the Tatar Khanate of Siberia. That campaign took place upon the initiative of wealthy merchant clan of the Stroganovs.
Conclusion. Several historical events are traced, that are related to the time of this campaign. Several substantive historical reasons are identified, including above all the dissociation among the Siberian Tatar elites, that did not allow to successfully confront the Cossacks in the struggle for preservation of the Tatar Khanate of Siberia.
The Complexes with Flat-Bottomed Ceramics in the Neolithic of the Urals and Western Siberia: Current State of the Problems of Study
Authors: Chairkina Nataliia M. , Besprozvannyi Evgenyi M. , Molodin Vyacheslav I.
Published: November 2020

Purpose. Archaeological science has intensively developed in the last few decades. The methodology is being improved, the number of investigated objects is increasing, and archaeological material is accumulating. One of the most important aspects of scientific activity is the integration of the results of work into the scientific community.
Results. On March 16–19, 2020, a scientific seminar named “The complexes with flat-bottomed ceramics in the Neolithic of the Urals and Western Siberia: typology, technology, chronology, genesis” was held in Yekaterinburg. More than 50 leading specialists came from the Urals, Western Siberia, Germany and Japan. The set of reports were presented, each presentation was followed by a discussion. The participants had an opportunity to examine the collections of the archaeological sites with flat-bottomed pottery. At the final discussion, a number of serious conclusions were made. They are relevant for the entire region of Northern Eurasia, not only for the Urals and Western Siberia.
Conclusion. It has been confirmed that flat-bottomed pottery appeared in Western Siberia and the Urals in the 7th millennium BC. The earliest complexes were discovered in the Baraba forest-steppe and in the Taiga regions in the North of Western Siberia. In local areas, different types of dishes are distinguished, having both similar features and differences. Discussions remain the genesis of morphologically different vessels. Problems of the attitude of complexes of flat-bottomed ceramics to the early and late stages of the Neolithic, the paths and variants of neolithization processes, the spread of ceramic production in a wide area of the region. The current problem of the ratio of Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Early Neolithic formations in the region appears to be relevant. As well as the time of the invention of pottery by man, the fact which radically changed his economy and culture, as well as the physiology of man himself.
State-Confessional Relations of the Perestroika Period: Prerequisites for Russian Religious Policy
Authors: Osipova Victoriya V.
Published: November 2020

The article studies the process of changing religious policy in the context of socio-political reforms of the 1980s; analyzes the factors that contributed to the soviet religious policy and the impact of the policy’s changes on the religious life of the 1990s. It discusses the period when Russian society was continuing to looking for a consensus on the role of religion in the public and political spheres. Based on the state archives materials (The State archive of the Russian Federation and The Russian State archive of modern history) this research aims to identify the functions of the Union and Republican Councils for religious Affairs as the key institutions implementing religious policy. The author comes to the conclusion that the 1980s religious policy was manifested in the conceptual rethinking of the place of religion in everyday discourse. Changes in religious policy have caused not only a development of the relationship between the state and the faithful. They contributed to the new phenomena of soviet society, for example, certain religious groups, previously recognized as “extremist”, have become actively involved in the legal field and “normal” social activities. An important event was the celebration a millennium since the 988 Baptism of Rus’ when Gorbachev received Patriarch Pimen and other Holy Synod members inside the Kremlin. The transition to new forms and methods of interaction with religious institutions was realized. The faith reemerged into the public sphere and believers engaged in charity, education, mission and publishing. As a result of the resurgence of religious freedom and the democratization of the legal regulation regarding religious organizations was the adoption in 1990 of the new law “On freedom of conscience and religious organizations”.
Oath Taken by an Interpreter in Yakutsk in the 17th Century
Authors: Slugina Viktoriya A.
Published: November 2020

This article raises the question about job functions and the range of duties performed by a special category of serving people in Siberia called interpreters. The analysis is based on a sample text of the oath intended to a servant, who is appointed to work as an interpreter in the Yakutsk region. The oath procedure looks as follows: the service person verbally swore honestly faithfully discharge the duties and then had to kiss the cross. This document significantly supplements the traditional range of sources used by historians to study cross-cultural and interlanguage communication as part of the process of colonization of Siberia. The text of oath is dated 1665/1666 and contains a mention of the voivode of the Yakut town. It clearly demonstrates the full breadth of duties of the Siberian interpreter. Description of his work includes military, fiscal (collecting fur tribute) and intermediary functions in various communicative situations. The role and importance of the translation service appear to be especially vital because of their responsibility for the adequacy of the translation of Russian messages to foreigners and vice versa.
“Do not Intervene in Anything”: Russian Representatives in Istanbul (1700–1701)
Authors: Bazarova Tatyana A.
Published: November 2020

The article discusses the problem of establishing a permanent diplomatic mission of Peter I in the Sublime Porte. At the initiative of the envoy E. I. Ukraintsev, an article, enabling the tsar to send an ambassador for a permanent residence in Istanbul, was included in the Treaty of Constantinople (1700). After the envoy’s departure, only the Non-diplomatic ministers of the Ambassadorial prikaz (chancellery), namely translator S. F. Lavretsky, podyachy (clerk) Gr. Yudin (died in December 1700) and interpreter D. Petrov, stayed in the Ottoman capital. Translator S. Lavretsky became the head of the Russian diplomatic mission. In 1701, a messenger M. Larionov arrived in Istanbul with the tsar’s charter. According to it translator and podyachy had to stay in Istanbul until the arrival of the plenipotentiary ambassador with ratification. On the basis of the archival documents stored in the RGADA (Moscow), the author analyzes the activities of diplomatic missions in 1700-1701. The main task of the translator and the ambassador was to inform the Russian government about the political situation in the Ottoman Empire. Peter I sent the main forces of his state to the war with the Swedes, so he needed peace on the southern borders. The translator and podyachy maintained contact with ministers of the Sublime Porte, the Jerusalem Patriarch, agents, etc. They also monitored the preparation of the Sublime Porte for the arrival of the Russian plenipotentiary ambassador. Information collected from various sources regarding the situation in Istanbul, Crimea and other parts of the Ottoman Empire, as well as Western Europe, they sent to the Ambassadorial prikaz. The activities of Russian diplomats in 1700–1701 largely corresponded to the functions of the ambassadorial secretary (charge d’affaires).
Russian Émigrés in Shanghai: Their Social and Economic Status in 1922–1925
Authors: Sun Yizhi
Published: November 2020

The article focuses on the problem of social and economic status of Russian émigrés in Shanghai in 1922–1925, in particular from the arrival of the Siberian flotilla to the beginning of the May Thirtieth Movement. Based on previously unexplored official records from the Shanghai Municipal Archive (SMA), Shanghai Municipal Police Files (SMPF) and the detailed research of the press, the author manages to significantly supplement the portrait of Russian émigrés’ life during the above period. The wider source base of this research, as compared those that are available for an earlier period of 1917–1922, allows us to describe the social and economic status of the émigrés in more precise terms. Statistical information from the Municipal Council of the Shanghai International Settlement evidences a high unemployment rate among the émigrés (according to the police records, it reached 71,4 % among employable men). Obviously, the humanitarian aid from the government and city communities could not satisfy needs of the unemployed. 1) At the end of 1924, Shanghai press reported the case when the Russians were sleeping in the houses without roof near the Chapei railway; 2) Shanghai was able to provide free food only for 2280 Russian refugees. However, according to statistics dated October 9, 1923 and February 1, 1924, the number of unemployed men and women reached 3 500. This means that not all Russians in Shanghai were provided with a minimum of food. As compared to 1917–1922, problems of women and street kids also persisted but due to public support child begging stopped although problems of women continued to exist until the communists came to power in Shanghai. “Russian prostitution” even became part of the Shanghai’s historical memory. A special problem during the period of 1922–1925 was poor sanitation in areas where Russian cadets lived as a result of harsh living conditions and low social and economic status (this situation was not recorded in the anniversary editions of Khabarovsky and Siberian Cadet Corps).