bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to Stop a Fight - A Qualitative Video Analysis of How Third-parties De-escalate Real-life Interpersonal Conflicts in Public
Authors: Ejbye-Ernst Peter , Lindegaard Marie Rosenkrantz , Bernasco Wim
Published: January 2022

Objective: While previous research agrees that third-parties often manage to de-escalate interpersonal conflicts when they intervene, we still know little about how they achieve this influence. The aim of the current study is to address this gap in the literature by investigating how third-parties de-escalate conflicts. Method: We conduct a two-part qualitative analysis of CCTV footage of 48 real-life conflicts from the streets of Amsterdam. The first part consists of an inductive analysis of CCTV-footage investigating the typical sequence of de-escalatory interventions. The second part consists of a deductive coding based on the findings from part 1 of the analysis. Results: We identify an ideal-typical model of de-escalation consisting of three phases: objection, separation, and placation. This model describes how third-parties adapt their intervention to the reaction of the antagonists of the conflict through a contingency principle: when the current phase of intervention fails to de-escalate the conflict, the third-party proceeds to the following phase of the model. We also identify observable intervention behaviors that are characteristic of each of the three phases. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that there is not one way to de-escalate a conflict, but rather that third-parties are successful because they adapt their intervention to the situation at hand. The findings of this study imply that if we want to get closer to understanding when third-party interventions are effective, we need to acknowledge the complexity of these interventions and move beyond the action/inaction dichotomy.
Digital discretion and public administration in Africa: Implications for the use of artificial intelligence
Authors: Plantinga Paul
Published: January 2022

African public administrations are in an especially difficult position with respect to the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI), both in how they harness its benefits but also in managing potential harms. Through a systematic narrative review of previous research, this paper synthesises findings from previous digital government implementations on the African continent, and considers the implications for AI use. Four considerations emerge as relevant: Integrity of recommendations provided by decision-support systems, including how they are influenced by local organisational practices and the reliability of underlying infrastructures; Inclusive decision-making that balances the (assumed) objectivity of data-driven algorithms and the influence of different stakeholder groups; Exception and accountability in how digital and AI platforms are funded, developed, implemented and used; and a Complete understanding of people and events through the integration of traditionally dispersed data sources and systems, and how policy actors seek to mitigate the risks associated with this aspiration.
Future scenarios of fish supply and demand for food and nutrition security in Bangladesh: An analysis with the AsiaFish model
Authors: Tran Nhuong , Rodriguez U-Primo , Chan Chin Yee , Aung Yee Mon , Chu Long , Abu Hayat Md.Saiful Islam  , Barman Benoy Kumar , Phillips Michael John
Published: January 2022

Bangladesh has made significant progress in social and economic development in recent years, but micronutrient deficiencies and poor dietary diversity remain a significant challenge. This paper developed eight scenarios to explore fish supply-demand futures in Bangladesh using the AsiaFish model, with special emphasis on the role of fish in micronutrient supply to address the nation’s malnutrition and nutrition security challenges. A business-as-usual (BAU) scenario followed historical trends for exogenous variables used in the model. The seven alternative scenarios explored were: the implications of increase productivity of farmed tilapia, pangasius and rohu carp (AS1); productivity changes in hilsa production (AS2); improvements in the quality of feeds (AS3); reduction in the price of plant-based feeds (AS4); disease outbreak in farmed shrimps and prawns (AS5); and climate change impact (AS6) and stagnant capture fisheries (AS7). The BAU scenario indicates that aquaculture growth will be a prominent contribution to increasing total fish supply and demand and fish exports to 2040. Apart from the scenarios that are favourable to aquaculture sector development, other alternative scenarios highlighted the lower growth rate of capture fisheries and aquaculture compared to BAU, resulting in declining in per capita fish consumption, fish exports and nutrient supply from fish as a consequence. Increased availability of aquaculture fish can slightly compensate for the lower growth of capture fisheries in term of their nutrition quality and dietary diversity, particularly for poor consumers. Policies towards sustaining fisheries and a nutrition-sensitive approach to aquaculture is recommended as both capture fisheries and aquaculture are essential for sustaining healthy and nutritious diets in Bangladesh.
Forensic Linguistics function in Evidentiary and Investigative Contexts
Authors: Toghuj Raed
Published: January 2022

Recently, forensic linguistics has been an arena of significance in many fields of study especially in judicial systems, legal and forensic matters, investigation, and open-source intelligence across the globe. The term typically refers to legal and professional analysis of recorded or written language by experts (forensic linguists) to provide expert and correct interpretation. It is particularly used in legal matters especially in the court and criminal justice systems. In the court system, forensic linguistics is heavily applied to examine language evidence – either recorded in voice or handwritten in civil matters or crimes. The analysis or examination is carried out for two major reasons. First, the analysis is utilized when relevant investigations are carried out with a focus to help in identifying witnesses or suspects in specific cases or scenes, or the determination of the significance of writing or utterance to a case. Secondly, forensic linguistics plays a pivotal role when written or spoken language samples are presented to a court as evidence. In such contexts, forensic linguists provide expert testimonies of correct interpretation of the samples. As such, language analysis is significant in any judicial matters and systems provided the questionable language constitutes crimes. In most cases, crimes such as threats, hate speech, bribery, hate literature, coercion among others necessitate the use of a linguist expert for correct and most importantly professional interpretation. Evidently, the concept of forensic linguistics is ascribed to provide the truth from recorded speeches or voices and written languages in the face of a crime or relevant legal investigation matters. This paper will posit on the different ways and methods that forensic linguistics is applied to investigate and provide professional interpretation of recorded and written languages in evidentiary and investigative contexts.
Lessons Learnt in the COVID-19 Pandemic- Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)
Authors: Chaudhary Nagendra , Chaudhary Shatdal
Published: January 2022

No abstract available.
Functional Outcome of Proximal Humerus Fracture Managed Surgically by Joshi's External Stabilizing System
Authors: Kandel Prakriti Raj , Shrestha Bipan , Shrestha Kishor Man , Shrestha Shreshal , Chhetri Pradip
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION: The ideal management of proximal humerus fracture is still controversial despite various treatment options. Conservative treatment with slab is fraught with shoulder stiffness and malunion while surgical treatment with plates and nail is fraught with infection and blood loss. Therefore, Joshi External Stabilization System (JESS) being a minimally invasive percutaneous procedure can be the ideal treatment for these fractures.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective and observational hospital based study was carried out in Orthopedics Department, Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital (UCMS-TH) from December 2018 to January 2021. All patients with traumatic proximal humerus fracture who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study and were treated with JESS. Fracture was classified according to Neer classification and functional outcome was assessed according to Constant Murley Score (CMS) system. Post-operatively patients were regularly followed at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months.
RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference in VAS score (p<0.05) measured at six weeks, three months and six months; and CMS (p<0.05) at three months and six months. There was statistically significant difference between fracture type (Neer type) and fracture union (p<0.05). But the association between functional outcome and type of fracture was statically insignificant (p>0.05).
CONCLUSION: Displaced proximal humerus fracture when treated surgically with JESS has good functional and radiological outcome. It produces less pain, less stiffness and greater Range of Motion (ROM).
Second Teachers’ Training Workshop: Feedback of the Participant Faculty Members
Authors: Piryani Rano Mal , Piryani Suneel , Gautam Narayan
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION: Teachers training is amongst the faculty development programs that facilitates in acquiring, and updating educational skills, thereby improving teaching learning practices. Universal College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) Bhairahawa, Nepal organized second teachers training workshop in September 8-13, 2019. The objective of this study was to seek the immediate reaction of the participant faculty members and assess it
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The valid semi-structured questionnaire was used for taking feedback of the participants. The questionnaire was composed of four parts: A) demographic information, B) overall feedback on training workshop, C) feedback on specific group of sessions and D) Feedback regarding strengths, area for improvement, immediate impact and application in practice. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. 
RESULTS: The participants rated training on scale 1-10 (1=poor, 10=excellent) regarding its usefulness (7.88±1.58), content (7.44±1.55), relevance of session & content (7.69±1.49), facilitation (7.25± 1.69) and training as overall (7.94± 1.44). The rating was notable. The rating on Likert scale 1-4 (1= not important, 4= extremely important) for “sessions on curriculum” (3.38±0.50), “sessions on teaching/learning methods” (3.25±0.68), “sessions on PBL” (3.06±0.68), “sessions on microteaching” (3.56±0.51) and sessions on assessment (3.19±0.75) was also remarkable. All participants strongly agreed (4.00±0.0), training has transformed them as better educator. The participants shared adequate content delivered systematically, group work exercises were best resources, and resource persons were friendly and competent, and suggested to reduce time of training and include more group work. Almost all participants except one perceived training has enormous impact on them academically, professionally and personally and all committed what’s learnt/acquired will apply in practice.
CONCLUSION: Overall, reaction of the participants was constructive and they acknowledged the importance of training and agreed training has transformed them as better educators. Almost all participants perceived training has immense impact on them academically and they committed what’s learnt will apply in practice.
Stumbling upon Palatogingival Groove: A Case Report
Authors: Thapa Sujan , Gautam Vanita , Shubham Snigdha , Nepal Manisha , Shrestha Kriti
Published: January 2022

Palatogingival grooves (PGG) are developmental malformations infamous for precipitating endodontic-periodontal lesions. Pertaining to their discreet occurrence, variation in groove depth and funnel like shape, adherence of plaque and calculus is apparent thereby jeopardizing the periodontium and pulp. A case of palatogingival groove in maxillary left lateral incisor was diagnosed and managed with endodontic treatment followed by open flap debridement to seal the groove with biodentine and fill the defect with bone graft. On follow up, the periapical lesion and the periodontal pocket were successfully resolved.
Speech, Language and Cognitive Profile of Mild Cognitive Impairment: A single Case Study
Authors: Bhattarai Biraj , K B Joanna , P Niranjana  , B P Abhishek
Published: January 2022

Heterogeneity of symptoms within and among mild cognitive impairment individuals often makes it challenging to document case reports clinically. Additionally, data on the Indian population is also limited. Therefore, our study includes a case study of a 56-year-old male with mild cognitive impairment from our Institute. A patient had symptoms of mild cognitive impairment following a stroke that occurred 23 years back (vascular in origin). Both formal and informal assessments were carried out. Formal testing was done using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. On assessment of memory, mild deficits in working memory, episodic memory, and procedural memory were noticed. Attention span and Word-finding difficulties with reduced use of words were observed in language assessment. Problems in reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making skills, indicating deficits in executive functioning were evident. Linguistic deficits presenting secondary to cognitive deficits in our client could have led to communication breakdowns in speech, affecting his overall quality of life.
Histopathological Study of Endometrial Changes in Hysterectomy Specimens with Cystic Lesion of Ovary
Authors: Pillai Parvathi
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Some of the ovarian lesions become functional and secrete hormones that bring endometrial changes like hyperplasias and polyps. This study aimed to find endometrial changes associated with different types of cystic lesions of the ovary.
Materials and Methods: A histopathological study done from 2010 -2013 on all the total abdominal hysterectomy specimens with bilateral oophorectomy having cyst size more than 3cms, with a detailed clinical history received in the Department of Pathology, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry. A total of 112 cases were collected analyzed and statistically correlated.
Results: Out of the 112 cases of cystic lesions of the ovary 67% showed endometrium within normal limits, 33% of cystic lesions of ovary showed polyps, simple hyperplasia without atypia, complex hyperplasia without atypia. Among non-neoplastic lesions, follicular cyst produced the most endometrial changes, followed by benign surface epithelial lesions. Granulosa cell tumor was found to induce polyp as well as simple hyperplasia without atypia. Two out of three malignant lesions showed endometrial changes followed by benign lesions. The majority of the cystic lesions of the ovary encountered are non-neoplastic lesions (59%) and follicular cysts were more common (97%). Endometrial hyperplasia of both simple and complex types without atypia was found with serous cystadenoma.
Conclusions:  From the current study it implicates the necessity of assessing cystic lesions of the ovary like a follicular cyst, luteal cyst, granulosa cell tumors as they can become functional leading to endometrial changes that can form a fertile ground for carcinomas.
Traditional Religion of the Dayak in West Kalimantan: Analysis of J.U. Lontaan’s Monograph
Authors: Taggok M. Ikhsan , Hawari Muhammad Rifqi
Published: January 2022

The aim of this paper is to explain Lontaan's views on the religious beliefs of the Dayak people in West Kalimantan as set forth in his book The History of Customary Laws and Traditions of West Kalimantan. It concentrates on the concept of traditional Dayak religion in Lontaan's work, which is still developing today even though the Dayak have embraced religions foreign to their island. In understanding, examining and explaining Lontaan’s monograph, this paper uses a descriptive hermeneutical method. The source of this paper is the book The History of Customary Laws and Traditions of West Kalimantan by Lontaan. The data of this paper is Lontaan’s field observations and interviews involving religious and traditional figures in West Kalimantan, which he compiled in The History of Customary Laws and Traditions of West Kalimantan forty-five years ago. The focus of this paper is the traditional Dayak religion (Kaharingan) and concerns the beliefs in God, spirits and ancestral spirits that it comprises. Based on the results of our research, it is clear that Lontaan succeeds in showing that the Dayaks’ beliefs about spirits or gods and ancestral spirits can affect their daily lives. To connect with God, spirits and ancestral spirits, the Dayak hold various ceremonies. In contrast to other works on Dayak, Lontaan not only studied one of the Dayak tribes, but also examined the culture and religious beliefs of the Dayak Kenayatn, Kayan, Maayan and other Dayak tribes in West Kalimantan and its customs compared to each other.
Tradisi Bantai Adat: Kearifan Lokal Menyambut Bulan Ramadhan Masyarakat Merangin Jambi
Authors: Kurniadi Muhammad Dwi Kurniadi , Putri Husmayani Muny
Published: January 2022

Abstrak

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tradisi bantai adat sebagai kearifan lokal menyambut bulan Ramadhan bagi masyarakat Merangin Jambi. Metode pendekatan etnografi yang digunakan untuk mempelajari, memahami serta menganalisis fenomena masyarakat Kabupaten Merangin khususnya dalam tradisi yang berhubungan dengan keagamaan. Artikel ini ditulis secara objektif dari hasil observasi partisipan, wawancara dan studi literatur yang dilakukan pada Masyarakat Merangin. Bantai adat merupakan tradisi penyembelihan hewan ternak seperti sapi dan kerbau yang bertujuan untuk menyambut datangnya bulan Ramadhan dan dilaksanakan beberapa hari sebelum bulan Ramadhan.Nilai-nilai yang terdapat dalam tradisi bantai adat antara lain nilai sosial, nilai religius serta nilai budaya lokal.

 

Kata kunci : Bantai Adat, Merangin, Tradisi
REFLEKSI NILAI ADAB DAN HUBUNGAN HORIZONTAL DALAM NASKAH BABAD AWAK SALIRA
Authors: Arisandi Isep Bayu , Ma’mun Titin Nurhayati , Darsa Undang Ahmad
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The value of moral affects the horizontal relationship that exists between humans. This is recorded in the ancient texts of the Islamic period as evidence of the influence of Islamic teachings that entered the archipelago. The disclosure of this moral value is an effort to "share" the heritage of the ancestors, as well as a reflection on the current conditions that are quite relevant. The Babad Awak Salira (BAS) manuscript, one of the written heritages in Tatar Sunda, contains very strong moral values. The problems revealed in this paper, namely; (1) the values ​​of moral contained in the text of the BAS manuscript; and (2) the effect of moral reflection in the horizontal relationship. This paper aims to reveal the values ​​of moral and their influence on horizontal relationships. This research is a literature research, descriptive analysis. Due to the fact that the object is an ancient text, a philological approach is used to study the BAS text. Seeing this, the relevance of the existence of values ​​in the ancient texts (which are time apart) is so eternal in didactic wraps. The existence of content values ​​can also be seen as a piece of advice and a "treasure" of inheritance in a written tradition in Tatar Sunda, in general in the archipelago. Disclosure of the value of the content of ancient manuscripts, can be seen as an effort to understand and "bridge" the times, considering that the medium of script is no longer conventional at this time.
Keywords: Manuscript, Text BAS, Moral values, Moral reflection.
 
Nilai adab berpengaruh terhadap hubungan horizontal yang terjalin antarmanusia. Hal ini tercatat dalam naskah kuna periode Islam sebagai bukti pengaruh ajaran Islam yang masuk ke Nusantara. Pengungkapan nilai adab ini sebagai upaya “membagikan” warisan nenek moyang, juga sebagai refleksi atas kondisi zaman saat ini yang cukup relevan. Naskah Babad Awak Salira (BAS), salah satu warisan tulis yang ada di Tatar Sunda, mengandung nilai-nilai adab yang kuat. Masalah yang diungkap dalam tulisan ini, yaitu; (1) nilai adab yang ada di dalam teks naskah BAS; dan (2) pengaruh refleksi adab dalam hubungan horizontal. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap nilai-nilai adab dan pengaruhnya terhadap hubungan horizontal. Kajian berjenis studi pustaka, bersifat deskriptif analisis. Sehubungan bahwa objek adalah naskah kuna, digunakan pendekatan filologis untuk mengkaji naskah BAS. Melihat hal itu, relevansi keberadaan nilai dalam naskah kuna (yang berjarak zaman) begitu kekal dalam balutan didaktis. Keberadaan nilai kandungan juga dapat dipandang sebagai sebuah petuah dan “harta” warisan dalam sebuah tradisi tulis di Tatar Sunda, secara umum di Nusantara. Pengungkapan nilai kandungan naskah kuna dapat dilihat sebagai upaya memahamkan dan “menjembatani” zaman, mengingat medium aksara sudah tidak konven­sional lagi saat ini.
Kata kunci: Naskah kuna, Teks BAS, Nilai Adab, Refleksi Adab.
Dehumanisation Of Moronene Hukaea Laea Indigenous Community In Setting The Boundary Of Ulayat Rights
Authors: Yaqub Andi , L. Diab Ashadi , Djaoe Andi Novita Mudriani , Riadin Riadin , Iswandi Iswandi
Published: January 2022

The determination of the area of customary rights of indigenous peoples is a form of protection for indigenous peoples, a step to overcome vertical conflicts between the Moronene Hukaea Laea indigenous people and conservation or national park managers. This study aims to capture the extent to which the position and existence of Perda no. 4 of 2015 on the recognition of the customary rights of the moronene indigenous people of Hukaea Laea. This type of research is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach, the research location is in Watu-Watu Village, Lantari Jaya District and Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park, Bombana Regency and the data collection of this study is through direct interviews and deductive conclusions are drawn. Based on the results of this study, the forms of dehumanization of the Moronene Hukaea Laea indigenous people include: (1) In 1997 the Moronene Hukaea Laea indigenous people experienced intimidation by the universe broom group such as burning houses and land and in 2002 repeated home destruction and eviction ulayat areas by the government because the Moronene indigenous people are in conservation areas or national parks, the pretext of expulsion and arrest of customary leaders and indigenous peoples of Moronene Hukaea Laea has based on a negative stigma that the existence of indigenous peoples is a group that destroys ecosystems and ecology. (2) In 2015 the stipulation of Regional Regulation No. 4 of 2015 is not substantive because it only regulates the existence of indigenous peoples, not the absolute determination of territory by the Hukaea Laea indigenous people. This is indicated by the policy of the Minister of Forestry which concluded that based on the total population of the Hukaea Laea Indigenous Peoples, only 6,000 hectares could be controlled. Based on this policy, the local government shows inconsistency towards the indigenous Moronene Hukaea Laea after placing its position as a mediator between the Minister of Forestry, conservation area managers, and the Hukaea Laea Indigenous Community.
The current system of sexuality education in Polish secondary schools: University students’ perspectives
Authors: Perenc Lidia , Pęczkowski Ryszard
Published: January 2022

In secondary schools in Poland, sexuality education was formally introduced in 1993 in the form of Education for Family Life (EFL) classes. The EFL curriculum is largely based on Catholic doctrine. The current study examined the opinions and attitudes of students attending a university in Poland regarding sexuality education in public secondary schools. A sample of 498 first- and second-year university students completed a questionnaire that collected information on demographic characteristics, the student’s sources of information about sexual health, and their opinions and attitudes related to sexuality education. Over 80% of the students used the Internet as a source of sexual health information while far fewer students cited teachers/classroom activities (24.3%). Over three-quarter of females (79.5%) and males (75.9%) agreed that it is important to have sexual health education as part of the secondary school curriculum. Students’ responses to the question on the importance of sexual health education in schools did not differ significantly based on their level of religious commitment. However, few women (12.9%) and men (9.2%) rated the current effectiveness of sexuality education in schools as “high.” For topics that should be covered in the curriculum, the students rated birth control methods, abortion, sexual orientation/lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender issues, and sexually transmitted diseases the highest. The findings indicate that Polish university students view school-based sexual health education as important but currently ineffective. Policies to reform public school-based sexual health in Poland are needed to ensure that Polish youth have the information and skills to protect and enhance their sexual health.
The American Political System in the Contemporary Era
Authors: Casstevens Thomas W.
Published: January 2022

There was a time when peace and prosperity were regarded as normal in America. The ship of state was not guided by military diplomacy. Americans jostled to root at the public trough. The Imperial Presidency did not exist. The issues of the day were compromised in the halls of Congress. Presidents proposed. Congress disposed. This was politics as usual. The Constitution was designed for such a system.
Flexible Forces for a Post-Cold War World: A View from the United Kingdom
Authors: Dandeker Christopher
Published: January 2022

The approach adopted here takes as its point of dcparture the fact thaï armed forces are ‘Janus-faced’ organizations. On the onc hand, they and their political masters havc to respond to the changing strategie context by building militarily effective organizations and, on the other. they havc to establish an organization that is responsive to wider social values, and thus to the society that pays for the armed services and without whose support they can do little. The key challenge is to ensure that a balance is struck between the demands flowing from these two contexts.
Présentation
Authors: Boëne Bernard
Published: January 2022

Les sciences sociales ont longtemps négligé les questions militaires : le rôle de la force dans les relations internationales, les ressources et l’organisation qui lui sont nécessaires, ses retombées dans l’ordre interne et l’influence des sociétés environnantes sur les modalités de son usage. En dehors des deux guerres mondiales, qui avaient fourni ici et là des bancs d’essai à l’envol d’une ingénierie sociale (cf. dmeriom Soldier), l’intérêt des social scientists est reste des plus limité jusqu’à une date assez tardive.
Recent Trends in Civil-Military Relations
Authors: Burk James
Published: January 2022

Students of civil military relations commonly assume that military power should do the bidding of and bc hcld accountablc to civil power. They do not believe a society — whether ancient or modem, Eastcm or Western, developed or developing — can bc a good society if military power rcigns above ail others. They do not deny the importance of military power. In this imperfect world, they accept that no good society can fail to providc for its defense, by use of force if necessary. Thcrc. of course, lies the problem that dcfincs what is esscntially a normative ficld of study: How should society bc organized to ensure that civil power rules over military power and yet rules in a way that pennits military power to rcmain effective?
French Politics, June-November 1979
Authors: Hoffmann Stanley
Published: January 2022

After a summer of ill humor came an autumn of scandals, and French political life hesitates between immobility and fragmentation. For many years now it has resembled an endless boxing match with countless rounds ; as soon as the elections to the European Parliament (discussed in the previous issue of this Review) were over, all thoughts and maneuvers moved on to the next round : the Presidential election of 1981. De Gaulle, blasting the Fourth Republic, had talked of its games, poisons and delights. In the current phase of the Fifth Republic, the delights are few, the poisons can be deadly and the games are sterile.
Pari Néo-Libéral en France : trois années Barre
Authors: Wickham Sylvain
Published: January 2022

La nomination fin août 1976 du Professeur Raymond Barre comme Premier Ministre a fait novation. Non point par la nomination d’un professeur et d’un non-parlementaire à la tête du Gouvernement, ce qui est depuis l’origine compatible avec la constitution gaullienne de la Ve République et a fait l’objet de plusieurs précédents sur les vingt dernières années, dont M. Pompidou à l’origine. La novation venait plutôt du pari néo libéral, explicité et durci à cette occasion par le Président Giscard d’Estaing : adaptation à l’environnement international en priorité sur la croissance maximum, renforcement des disciplines financières avec abaissement échelonné conjugué des contrôles, protections et subventions de l’Etat au bénéfice des contraintes concurrentielles.
La transformation des modes de contrôle social et la crise des régulations traditionnelles
Authors: Crozier Michel
Published: January 2022

Malgré les apparences l’évolution des institutions est beaucoup plus difficile à apprécier que l’évolution des attitudes des diverses catégories socio-professionnelles. S’il est facile, en effet, de décrire l’armature constitutionnelle et les règles légales qui gouvernent le fonctionnement d’une institution, la pratique vécue de ses membres, son influence et la contribution réelle qu’elle apporte au maintien et au développement du système social restent ignorées. Les commentaires et les gloses même subtiles que l’on a pu faire sur la rhétorique qu’elle emploie pour maintenir son image apparaissent toujours dérisoires quand les résultats de son évolution profonde font éclater, à l’occasion d’une crise, la réalité derrière ces fictions.
Some Notes on Democratic Theory and Practice
Authors: Hoffmann Stanley
Published: January 2022

It is impossible not to be struck by the present sad state of democratic theory. I mean by democratic theory the quest for a social and political order that would give to citizens the greatest possible control of their fate — a formula obviously broad enough to be compatible with a vast variety of institutional experiments. This sad slate is the result of three facts : the demise of past democratic theory, i.e.. liberal theory ; the tragedy of socialist theory, which aimed at unmasking the fallacies and remedying the vices of liberalism ; the current decline of political philosophy. I will briefly examine the first fact below. As for the second, since my purpose in this note is not to review past theories but to try to understand why the dominant one went wrong and to suggest a few starting points for reconstruction, let me say simply that socialist theory seems split between perversion and impotence. There is perversion insofar as its Marxist-Leninist version has led to less, not more democracy, through the establishment not of classless societies, but of dictatorships over classes in the name of future liberation, to a ruthless suppression or denial of political liberties, and to the imposition of formidable sacrifices on individuals (justified by the « construction of socialism ») without their consent And there is impotence insofar as the social-democratic version, which defines socialism as the extension of political democracy to economic concentrations of power, i.e., the application of democratic procedures to all common enterprises, whether economic or political, has seemed incapable of achieving its goal, by contrast with liberal theory which, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, had succeeded in inspiring and mobilizing enough of a coalition of political and social forces to overthrow authoritarian and feudal regimes in a number of countries. (There is therefore an essential difference between the demise of liberal theory and the impotence of social democracy : the former results from developments subsequent to, indeed partly provoked by, the success of liberalism, the latter results from the inability to overcome the trends that have undermined reigning liberalism).
Current American Economic Environment
Authors: Mallett James E.
Published: January 2022

This note is a continuation of a chronicle that began in the previous issue of this Review and provides an update on the current condition of the American economy. While the information contained in this piece is self-contained, the reader who wishes to have a more complete understanding of present United States’ economic affairs would be advised to read the previous article.
Continuité et changement dans le Gouvernement de la France
Authors: Jeanneney Jean-Marcel
Published: January 2022

Dans tous les pays démocratiques le fort ralentissement de la croissance économique survenu depuis 1974 a renforcé la naturelle propension populaire à remplacer, lors d’une élection, une équipe gouvernementale par une autre, formée d’opposants de la veille. Notre Constitution est ainsi faite que cela peut survenir par l’effet, soit d’un renouvellement de l’Assemblée Nationale, soit d’un scrutin présidentiel. On avait pu croire que cela adviendrait en 1978 où le mandat des députés arrivait à sa fin. La désunion apparue peu auparavant entre socialistes et communistes repoussa l’échéance jusqu’à l’élection présidentielle de mai 1981, où François Mitterrand battit de peu Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, président sortant. Après quoi la dissolution de l’Assemblée eut pour effet d’y amener en juin une majorité absolue de députés socialistes.
Les Fossoyeurs de l’espoir
Authors: Kolm Serge-Christophe
Published: January 2022

La justice dans la liberté écrasée par la bêtise économique. Sous nos yeux. Une fois de plus après le Front populaire, le Chili, le Portugal, l’Australie (1974), la Jamaïque, et quelques autres. Et toujours selon le même scénario. Une gauche respectant les libertés (et même les promouvant) vient au pouvoir pacifiquement dans une économie où le marché reste le mécanisme essentiel (malgré des nationalisations). Elle commence par des mesures qui accroissent le revenu global national et surtout les plus bas revenus (relance, salaires moyens et surtout bas augmentés, transferts sociaux). Mais le pouvoir d’achat moyen ralentit sa hausse après 15 mois, stagne après 20, baisse après 23 et retombe à son niveau de départ quelques mois plus tard pour le traverser vers le bas. Même si les pouvoirs d’achat les plus bas restent au total haussés, des fractions clefs des classes moyennes (travailleurs qualifiés, employés), qui avaient soutenu la gauche, changent de camp. Trois mois après ce retour, la gauche perd le pouvoir par les urnes ou les armes.1 La chance des partis au pouvoir ici est qu’il n’y ait ni élection nationale maintenant2 ni putschistes dans nos casernes.
Lettre de Paris
Authors: Crozier Michel
Published: January 2022

Cette fois-ci je ne reviens de nulle part. Mais il n’y a plus besoin de recul pour juger que l’atmosphère est lourde. Le temps de la morosité est finalement venu. L’opinion publique en bloc reste très incertaine, mais chacun s’affirme de plus en plus mécontent, comme particulier et surtout comme membre d’une catégorie.
Scènes de la vie politique française
Authors: Schonfeld William
Published: January 2022

Parti socialiste. Mouvement gaulliste. Deux formations politiques rarement comparées, tant elles semblent appartenir à deux univers totalement à part. L’une, de gauche, progressiste, jeune, dynamique, longtemps exclue du pouvoir d’Etat, se consacrant à une démocratisation de plus en plus profonde de la société. L’autre, de droite, conservatrice, vieillie, sclérosée, souffrant d’un exercice —qui vient d’être interrompu récemment —trop prolongé et insuffisamment partagé du pouvoir, attachée aux idées de l’Etat et d’Autorité. Tels sont quelques-uns des clichés les plus courants sur le PS et le RPR.
Commentary
Authors: Tilly Charles
Published: January 2022

Some bad ideas refuse to disappear. For an exceptional specimen, we can turn to the notion that rebellions occur mainly when a sudden downturn intercepts a curve of rising expectations. The gap between what people expect and what they receive, goes the argument, impels people to attack. At least since Tocqueville, the idea has come into play as explanation of revolutions, rebellions, and movements of protest. Luther Carpenter applies it to the student-worker movement—or, more exactly, the great workers’ strike of mid-May 1968.
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНА РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЯ ПСИХОСОМАТИЧНИХ ХВОРИХ ПРАЦЕЗДАТНОГО ВІКУ
Authors: Мозгова Галина , Візнюк Інесса
Published: January 2022

Метою статті є обґрунтування методів психологічної реабілітації психосоматичних хворих працездатного віку. Методи дослідження: морфологічний тест життєвих цінностей в інтерпретації В. Сопова та Л. Карпушина для діагностики життєвих цінностей особистості; Вісбаденський опитувальник за методом позитивної та сімейної психотерапії (WIPPF); Гіссенський опитувальник соматичних скарг; «Чотиривимірний опитувальник для оцінки дистресу, депресії, тривоги та соматизації». Клінічний діагноз іпохондричних розладів було констатовано згідно з дослідницькими психодіагностичними критеріями в розділі міжнародної класифікації хвороб 10-го перегляду (МКХ-10: клас V. Розлади психіки та поведінки) й DSM-V діагностичних критеріїв. Використано також метод експертних оцінок і бесіду (структурне інтерв’ю за Отто Кернбергом). До критеріїв психосоматичної відповідності оптимального стану функціонування організму в досліджуваних відносимо когнітивний, фізіологічний та поведінковий. Результати: представлено складові моделі «Психологічна реабілітація психосоматичних хворих працездатного віку», яка підкреслює зміст, форми, методи організаційно-методичних засад формування готовності фахівців до професійної самореалізації й безпеки життєдіяльності. Висновки: об’єктивність під час обґрунтування теми забезпечувалася шляхом реалізації неупереджених, некон’юнктурних узагальнень, зумовлених поглядами попередніх дослідників і перевіреної інформації з достовірних джерел. Психокорекційна робота була спрямована на посилення особистісного превентивного ресурсу й включала комплекс заходів, спрямованих на підвищення рівня когнітивного, емоційного й поведінкового інтелекту та пізнавально-базового, пропедевтично-ціннісного, узагальнювально-корекційного й конструктивно-процесуального критеріїв. Представлено рівні відповідності критеріям психосоматичного здоров’я в респондентів, характерними дисфункціями якого є монотонні, емоційно примітивні скарги, які підкріплюються комплектом документів, накопичених за період обстежень.

Література

Візнюк, І.М. (2019). Психосоматичні кореляти в аспекті розвитку іпохондричної поведінки особистості. Психологічний часопис, 8(7), 174–188. doi:31108/1.2019.5.8.11

Любан-Плоцца, Б., Пельдингер, В., Крегер, Ф., & Леденцах-Гофман, К. (2000). Психосоматические расстройства в общей медицинской практике. Санкт-Петурбург : Издание Института Бехтерева, 2000.

Малкина-Пых, И.Г. (2005). Психосоматика: Справочник практического психолога. Москва : Издательство «Эксмо».

Спіріна, І.Д., & Вітенко, І.С. (2008). Медична психологія: підручник Дніпропетровськ : АРТ-прес.

Менделевич, В.Д. (2005). Клиническая (медицинская) психология. (c. 3–61) Москва : МЕДпресс-информ.

Beketova, G., Mozgova, G., Shekera, O., Beketova, & Stephania, L. (2019). Neurophysiological characteriscs of psychosomatic disorders and psychosomatic pathology in children and adolescents. Wiadomości Lekarskie  is abstracted and indexed in: SCOPUS, Т.LXXII, 12(I), 2282–2288. Режим доступу:https://wiadlek.pl/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/WL-12-cz-II-2019.pdf
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness on Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Covid-19 and its Prevention Among Adults at Selected Urban Area in Khammam, Telangana, India
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Mamata College of Nursing, Khammam, Telangana, India
Published: January 2022

A descriptive research study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding Covid - 19 and its prevention among adults at selected urban areas, khammam, Telangana. The sample for the present study was adults who are in the age group of 21-45 years. Probability simple random sampling technique was used for 150 sample. Data was collected by using structured interview schedule, it includes socio-demographic data, knowledge questionnaire and attitude rating scale. The reliability of the tool was (r) =0.96. The results revealed that out of 150 adult’s majority of them in pre-test 91 (60.67%) had moderately adequate knowledge. Whereas post-test 136 (90.66%) had adequate knowledge and majority of them in pre-test 91 (60.66%) had favorable attitude. Whereas post-test, majority of them 150 (100%) had favorable attitude, none of them had moderately favorable attitude and unfavorable attitude. The study was concluded that there is a need to create awareness programme regarding covid – 19 and its prevention which help them to enhance levels of knowledge and attitude of adults
METHODS OF SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS FOR ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION AND PERULICARITIES OF POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Akhmedova U. S.
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of surgical interventions and the features of the postoperative period in patients with acute intestinal obstruction. Materials and methods. The study was based on the results of treatment of 154 patients with acute benign intestinal obstruction, who underwent various types of surgical interventions for this pathology. There were 87 men (56.5%) and 67 women (43.5%), their age ranged from 18 to 78 years; most of the patients were residents of Baku (124 patients, 80.5%), 30 patients (19.5%) were residents of the regions of the Azerbaijan Republic. Results. Sigmoid colon resection was performed on in 25 patients (16.2% of cases); resection of various parts of the small intestine was performed on in 26 patients (16.9% of cases). To determine the boundaries of viable parts of the intestine and the extent of resection in the patients, the common and classical criteria were used: pulsation of the mesentery vessels, the presence of peristalsis, and colour of the serous covering after warming of an intestinal segment of questionable viability with hot wet wipes. Hagen-Thorn surgery was usually performed on in elderly patients with acute intestinal obstruction as a result of sigmoid colon inversion that made up 8.4% of all operations performed. Subtotal colectomy with ileorectoanastomosis was performed on in 7 patients (4.6% of cases). Operations of the Hartmann type despite the aetiology were performed in 31 patients (20.1% of cases). Right-sided hemicolectomy with ileotransverse anastomosis was performed in 4 patients (2.6% of cases). Enterotomy with the removal of stones or foreign bodies followed by suturing of the defect in the intestinal wall was performed in 5 patients (3.3% of cases).All the patients were subject to one of the main stages of intra-abdominal intervention – the simultaneous intraoperative decompression of the intestinal tract by evacuating the contents using one of the generally accepted standard techniques (by using intestinal tube, emulging, enterotomy, etc.). Conclusions. Although the duration of the preoperative preparation itself was individual for each patient and depended on the specific circumstances, in general, it was 3.6±0.8 hours in the patients with acute intestinal obstruction. During this short time, infusion therapy was performed on in all patients, a nasogastric tube was also inserted to all patients and, when possible, more stagnant contents were emulged out of the upper digestive tract. Cardiac functioning was corrected when necessary; the measures to reduce the intensity of intoxication, including antibacterials, were performed. In special cases, during the short-term preoperative preparation of the patients, additional medication correction of concomitant diseases was mandatory. To prevent the development of thromboembolic complications in the early postoperative period, all patients were required to take the necessary preventive measures before and after the surgical intervention.
USE OF ARTHROCENTESIS FOR СOMPLEX TREATMENT OF POST-TRAUMATIC TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS, WHICH ARE NOT CAUSED BY MANDIBULAR FRACTURES
Authors: Pohranychna Kh.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Injury to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients without condylar fractures may cause more damage to the joint tissues than a fracture. Intra-articular changes are more often caused by intraarticular localization of the fracture, but extra-articular fractures of the mandible can also cause damage to the structural elements of the joint. Unfortunately, the use of conservative therapy after TMJ traumatic injuries is of little effectiveness, therefore, the next step in the treatment of TMJ post-traumatic disorders implies the use of minimally invasive surgery, including arthrocentesis. The aim of this work is to investigate the effectiveness of arthrocentesis in the treatment of post-traumatic internal temporomandibular disorders. Materials and methods. The study included 24 patients who had a history of head injury without bone fractures, namely TMJ contusions. Arthrocentesis was performed according to a modified method of D. Nitzan (1991) under local anesthesia. Results. According to clinical and radiological findings obtained after TMJ traumatic disorders, patients were divided into two groups according to the Wilkes classification (1989): 13 patients with stage II (early-medium) derangement and 11 patients with stage III (medium) derangement. Control radiological studies performed in 3-6 months after arthrocentesis did not show signs of hemarthrosis in 11 (84.61%) patients with intra-articular disorders of II degree and in 8 (72.72%) patients with internal disorders of III degree, position and function articular disc restored. Conclusions. Arthrocentesis with TMJ lavage is a minimally invasive surgical manipulation that has been proven as an effective mote to treat TMJ disorders of traumatic origin, and in particular, after TMJ contusion.