bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Geo-Environmental Status of European Union Priority Habitat Type “Mediterranean Temporary Ponds” in Mt. Oiti, Greece
Authors: Vasilatos Charalampos , Anastasatou Marianthi , Alexopoulos John , Vassilakis Emmanuel , Dilalos Spyridon , Antonopoulou Sofia , Petrakis Stelios , Delipetrou Pinelopi , Georghiou Kyriacos , Stamatakis Michael
Published: August 2019

Mediterranean Temporary Ponds (MTPs) constitute priority habitat under the European Union Habitats’ Directive. They are inhabited by rare species and subjected to unstable environmental conditions. Lakes and ponds act as early indicators of climate change, to which high altitude ecosystems are especially vulnerable. This study presents a full dataset of the geo-environmental parameters of such habitats (MTPs) along with their current ecological status for the first time. Furthermore, this paper aims to address the lack of basic geo-environmental background on the network of MTPs of Mt. Oiti concerning their geological, geomorphological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics along with the pressures received from various activities. The study area is located in a mountainous Natura 2000 site of Central Greece, which hosts four MTPs. Fieldwork and sampling of water and bottom sediments were carried out during dry and wet periods between 2012 and 2014. Electrical Resistivity Tomography measurements identified synforms shaped under the ponds that topography does not always adopt them, mostly due to erosion procedures. The most significant feature, distinguishing those pond waters from any other province water bodies is the extremely low content of all studied ions (including NO2−, NO3−, NH4+, PO43−, HCO3−, SO42−, Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Rb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, U, V, W, Zn, and Zr). MTPs water bodies are of bicarbonate dominant type, and a fresh meteoric water origin is suggested. The main pressures identified were grazing and trampling by vehicles. MTPs of Mt. Oiti were classified according to their ecological status form excellent to medium. Our results can contribute to a better understanding of the mountainous temporary ponds development in the Mediterranean environment.
Challenges for Water Security and Sustainable Socio-Economic Development: A Case Study of Industrial, Domestic Water Use and Pollution Management in Shandong, China
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhang Zhengxian , Zhang Fengxian
Published: August 2019

Comprehensive analysis of water use and pollution management plays an important role in regional water security and sustainable socio-economic development. This study applies the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), Gini index and elasticity coefficient methods to conduct an investigation of industrial and domestic water use and pollution management in Shandong. The results show that industrial water pollution generally displayed a coordinated relationship with socio-economic development, while an uncoordinated relationship occurred between domestic water pollution and socio-economic development. Meanwhile, the Gini index between domestic water use and population in 2017 (0.101) was superior to that of 2003 (0.165), and the Gini index of industrial water use and second industry output in 2017 (0.273) was better than that of 2003 (0.292), indicating that the allocation and equity of domestic and industrial water use in Shandong kept to a good development trend. Additionally, the industrial effect is better than the domestic effect in terms of the control of wastewater emissions and the governance of typical pollutants in wastewater. Accordingly, domestic water pollution has gradually become one of the major sources of water pollution, and the allocation of industrial and domestic water use has room to improve further in Shandong. Conjunctive use of the aforementioned three methods provides an approach to investigate the integrated management of water use and water pollution control from multiple angles.
Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Geothermal Water from the Ganzi Geothermal Field, Eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Fan Yifan , Pang Zhonghe , Liao Dawei , Tian Jiao , Hao Yinlei , Huang Tianming , Li Yiman
Published: August 2019

The Ganzi geothermal field, located in the eastern sector of the Himalayan geothermal belt, is full of high-temperature surface manifestations. However, the geothermal potential has not been assessed so far. The hydrochemical and gas isotopic characteristics have been investigated in this study to determine the geochemical processes involved in the formation of the geothermal water. On the basis of δ18O and δD values, the geothermal waters originate from snow and glacier melt water. The water chemistry type is dominated by HCO3-Na, which is mainly derived from water-CO2-silicate interactions, as also indicated by the 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.714098–0.716888). Based on Cl-enthalpy mixing model, the chloride concentration of the deep geothermal fluid is 37 mg/L, which is lower than that of the existing magmatic heat source area. The estimated reservoir temperature ranges from 180–210 °C. Carbon isotope data demonstrate that the CO2 mainly originates from marine limestone metamorphism, with a fraction of 74–86%. The helium isotope ratio is 0.17–0.39 Ra, indicating that the He mainly comes from atmospheric and crustal sources, and no more than 5% comes from a mantle source. According to this evidence, we propose that there is no magmatic heat source below the Ganzi geothermal field, making it a distinctive type of high-temperature geothermal system on the Tibetan Plateau.
The effect of tamoxifen on IGF signaling pathway in the mouse ovary
Authors: ASMAZ Ender Deniz , ZIK Berrin
Published: August 2019

Tamoxifen (TAM) is one of selective estrogen
receptor modulators used in breast cancer treatment and prevention. The objective of this study was
to determine whether or not insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) and its
receptor (IGF-1R), has any role in the effect mechanism of TAM on the ovary.
Experimentally, animals were divided into three groups as control group (n=
20), low dose TAM treatment group (0.5 mg/mouse/day, n= 20) and high dose TAM
treatment group (1.5 mg/mouse/day, n= 20). TAM was injected 0.5 and 1.5
mg/mouse/day for 5 days. Ovarian sections were used to examine the general
structure by trichrome staining method and to determine IGF-1 and IGF-1R
expressions by immunohistochemical staining method. After the experiment, the
presence of atretic follicles and small cystic structures in the TAM-treated
animals was determined. Also, antral follicles and the corpus luteum were much
less in the high dose TAM group than in the control. TAM did not change the
expression of IGF-1 in granulosa cells, but increased the expression of IGF-1R.
In TAM groups, IGF-1 and IGF-1R expression were increased in oocytes of
follicles and in interstitial cells depending on TAM doses. However, while
IGF-1 expression was unchanged in the corpus luteum, decreased in treatment
group. TAM generally stimulated IGF-1 and IGF-1R expression in a dose-dependent
manner. The results suggest that IGF-1 signaling pathway is involved in the
mechanism of action of TAM on the ovary. We may assert that it may be useful to
use IGF-1 signaling pathway regulators to adjust the effects of TAM on the
ovary.
Localization of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and 2 in preimplantation mouse development in vitro
Authors: MUTLUAY Duygu , YAMAZAKİ Yukiko , HOKUTAN Kanani , ROSSER Charles J , FURUYA Hideki
Published: August 2019

Plasminogen activator
inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and type 2 (PAI-2) are the major endogenous inhibitors
of fibrinolysis, or thrombolysis, as it is effective in blocking the conversion
of plasminogen to plasmin. In mammalian embryos, both PAI-1 and PAI-2 proteins
are expressed in the trophoblasts during and after implantation, suggesting
their critical roles in implantation and placentation during pregnancy.
However, it remains unclear how both proteins localize in the early stage
embryos before implantation. In this
study, 2 cell stage embryos were flushed from the oviducts and cultured to
specified stages in medium at 37 ̊C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Embryos
were fixed and double immunostained with anti-PAI-1 and anti- PAI-2 antibody.
We determined the critical expression and localization patterns of PAI-1 and
PAI-2 proteins in murine preimplantation embryos at 2 cell, 8 cell, morula and
blastocyst stages by using confocal laser scanning microscope. We found that
PAI-1 and PAI-2 constantly express in the embryos during preimplantation
development, and these proteins localize in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus
of each blastomere regardless of their developmental stage. Our results suggest
that PAI-1 and PAI-2 proteins may play roles in
early embryonic development before implantation.
Clinical approaches for genital and extragenital metastasis of transmissible venereal tumor in a bitch with ovarian remnant syndrome
Authors: GÜNAY UÇMAK Zeynep , KIRŞAN İsmail , UÇMAK Melih , ERDOĞAN BAMAÇ Özge , GÜREL Aydın
Published: August 2019

A 25 kg, 4 years old, Boxer breed bitch which had ovariohysterectomy section 2 years ago, was presented with weakness, loss of appetite, masses on abdominal and inguinal mammary glands and vaginal bleeding. Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) was diagnosed with vaginal cytology. Intra-abdominal mass around the iliac artery and remnant ovary behind the right kidney were determined on ultrasonographic examination. The remnant ovary and the masses on mammary glands were removed by surgical approach. However, intra-abdominal mass could not be extirpated because of its localization during the same laparotomy. A biopsy was taken from the vaginal mass. According to histopathology, TVT and collagenous hamartoma were detected on mammary glands. Also, TVT was observed in vaginal and intra-abdominal masses. Chemotherapy protocol was arranged for intra-abdominal mass and vaginal TVT which occupied for ten weeks. Hemogram, vaginal smear and transabdominal ultrasonography were repeated before each chemotherapy course. Size of the intra-abdominal mass, pulsatility index (PI) and relative index (RI) values of iliac artery were evaluated with B-mode ultrasonography and doppler ultrasonography during the treatment, respectively. As a result, positive correlation between PI and RI values were determined. In the presented case, TVT and its metastases were successfully treated with both surgery and chemotherapy. It was concluded that evaluation of the metastases with doppler ultrasonography will be favorable to reveal the hemodynamic alterations of related organs or tissues.
Understanding sciatica: illness and treatment beliefs in a lumbar radicular pain population. A qualitative interview study
Authors: Goldsmith Robert , Williams Nefyn Howard , Wood Fiona
Published: August 2019

Background

Several pathological processes contribute to lumbar radicular pain (LRP), commonly known as sciatica. It is not known how patients rationalise the experience of sciatica or understand the diagnosis. Providing clinicians with a better understanding of how patients conceptualise sciatica will help them to tailor information for patients on the management and treatment of the condition.

Aim

To understand patients’ beliefs regarding their illness following a diagnosis of LRP, how these beliefs were developed, and the impact of illness beliefs on treatment beliefs.

Design & setting

Qualitative interview study from a single NHS musculoskeletal interface service (in Wales, UK).

Method

Thirteen patients recently diagnosed with LRP were consecutively recruited. Individual semi-structured interviews were recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed using a thematic approach.

Results

Four main themes were generated: (1) the illness experience (2) the concept of sciatica, (3) treatment beliefs, and (4) the desire for credible information.

Conclusion

The diagnosis of LRP is often communicated and understood within a compressive conceptual illness identity. Explaining symptoms with a compressive pathological model is easily understood by patients but may not accurately reflect the spectrum of pathological processes known to contribute to radicular pain. This model appears to inform patient beliefs about treatments. Clinicians should take care to fully explain the pathology prior to shared decision-making with patients.
PENGURANGAN KETIDAKPASTIAN MELALUI KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL REMAJA PANTI ASUHAN (STUDI PADA REMAJA PPSA “WORO WILOSO” SALATIGA)
Authors: Zuhriah Ana
Published: August 2019

People as a creature that has a fairly high mobility in an effort to meet the needs of inevitably will adjust to the different social environment. This environment will certainly make someone encountering a new situation which is full of uncertainty in which the man claimed to communicate with interpesonal as an attempt to obtain information as to the existence of his/her life, including adolescents in Panti Pelayanan Sosial Anak Woro Wiloso Salatiga. A sense of uncertainty in adolescents who live in orphanage care must be reduced so that they are able to survive and continue their education through a orphanage provided by the government. The purpose of this research is to know the uncertainty as well as the process and strategy of adolescent in reducing uncertainty. This research is a descriptive qualitative study type where the data was collected through interviews with 6 people the informant i.e. adolescents of PPSA Woro Wiloso Salatiga aged 13-18 years. The results showed that adolescent in the orphanage have the cognitive uncertainty and behavioral uncertainty, they apply the reduction processes and uncertainty reduction strategies through interpersonal communication on the early days of interacting in the orphanage.

 

Keywords:adolescents,orphanage,uncertainty reduction theory, interpersonal communication
Empowering Leadership and Proactive Behavior: Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment and Moderating Role of Leader-Follower Distance
Authors: Anwar ul Haq Muhammad , Ahmed Mirza Ashfaq , Khalid Shaista
Published: August 2019

This study investigates the effect of empowering behavior of leader on followers' proactive behavior. It was also proposed that such an effect will be mediated by psychological empowerment, whereas, leader-follower distance was proposed to inversely moderate the direct effect of empowering leadership. The setting for this study was the Hospitality industry in Pakistan. Survey data was collected from managerial level employees working in hotels in Islamabad and Lahore,Pakistan. Dyadic data were gathered from 311 1-1 supervisor-subordinate dyads. Data were analyzed in two steps. First, the measurement model was assessed for reliability and validity. Common method variance was assessed with the help of common latent factor method. Second, direct and indirect effects were tested using structural regression. Test of moderation was performed using Process Macro in SPSS. Results show that empowering leadership had a significant effect on proactive behavior. The effect of empowering leadership was partially mediated by psychological empowerment. It was found that leader-follower distance had an inverse moderating effect. In the end, implications for theory and practice have been discussed.
Keywords: Empowering leadership, Proactive behavior, psychological empowerment, leaderfollower distance
KOMUNITAS BASIS GEREJANI MERESPON BUDAYA HIDUP INDIVIDUALISME, KONSUMERISME DAN HEDONISME DI TENGAH ARUS GLOBALISASI
Authors: Wilhemus Ola Rongan
Published: August 2019

Globalisasi ialah proses terjadinya integrasi hubungan dan kerjasama  antar bangsa dan masyarakat dunia dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan yang berdampak pada peningkatan kesejahteran dan kemakmuran hidup manusia.  Akan  tetapi, globalisasi turut melahirkan budaya hidup individualisme, hedonisme dan konsumerisme. Budaya  hidup ini  patut diwaspadai dan diantisipasi Gereja karena bertentangan dengan nilai­ nilai dasar kehidupan kristiani seperti kasih, pengorbanan, solidaritas dan berbagi. Menghadapi budaya hidup ini, Gereja sebagai persekutuan umat Allah perlu membentuk dan menghidupi Komunitas Basis Gerejani sebagai fokus pemberdayaan iman umat dan menetralisir semangat hidup individualisme, hedonisme dan konsumerisme yang terlalu menekankan kemerdekaan, kenikmatan, kepentingan, sukses dan prestasi individu. Komunitas Basis Gerejani memungkinkan umat beriman kristiani menemukan  tempat yang  tepat untuk saling membantu dan meneguhkan  satu  sama  lain  dalam mejalankan misi Yesus yaitu menjadi terang dan garam bagi  dunia,  dan  tidak  hanya  sibuk  dengan  urusan, kepentingan dan kenikmatan pribadi melulu.
HOSPITALITY AS AN INDUSTRY
Authors: Borisova Lalka
Published: August 2019

The tourist industry is developing at a fast pace, generally accepting and serving tourists, creating and offering a tourist product. It includes different sectors that cooperate, perform their specific functions (restaurant, hotel, event organization, etc.) aimed at one goal - demonstrating hospitality. Hospitality is an activity that, thanks to progress and time, has become a powerful industry that employs millions of professionals, creating the best for service users (tourists). The hotel industry includes different areas of human activity - tourism, recreation, entertainment, hotel and restaurant services, catering, sightseeing, organizing exhibitions and conducting various scientific conferences. This means meeting the needs of the guests and satisfying their needs, courtesy, guaranteeing the security and comfort during their stay. Hospitality is a fact when meeting the guest's needs with the attitude of the hosts, they go hand in hand. In this report I will try to justify hospitality as the most important consumer property of the tourist product to talk about turning it into an industry. The popularity of tourist accommodation sites is determined by many factors, but above all by the qualifications of the staff. Consequently, the phrase: "Personnel decides everything" is valid in the tourism business. Thus, the hospitality industry is a complex sphere of activity for employees who satisfy the wishes of tourists. The client is the most important factor in tourism activity and should be subject to excellent service. In the process of communication between tourists of different nationalities and staff, a number of business etiquette rules should be considered to save moments of inconvenience and misunderstanding. It is good to know the peculiarities of greeting, posture, distance, gestures in order to communicate effectively and avoid ambiguity in contact with foreigners. Good manners are those that will build an atmosphere of cooperation and understanding, not of hostility and conflict. The skills that make contacts with partners and clients can affect the tone and the results of the whole conversation, and hence the future relationships and their opinions about the company. Rule: The way you meet someone the first time can determine if there will be a second time as a customer.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SEO OPTIMIZATION AND INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATION AS A GUARANT TO SUCCESSFUL TO TOURIST BUSINESS
Authors: Nusheva Kamelia , Hadjieva Boryana
Published: August 2019

Digitization changes the world and transforms between corporate, inter-institutional and inter-communal relations. The use of state-of-the-art information technologies could solve many of the challenges faced by organizational-management and executive structures in the context of new business models of online tourism. The purpose of this report is to explore and track ways and approaches for optimizing travel information on the Internet and new media. As a result of the observations in practice and the analysis carried out by the authors, the SEO process (Search Engine Optimization) is part of the overall strategy of internet marketing. The goal of SEO is to attract the target audience and to convert part of it into customers of the advertised business product and / or service on a digital platform, while at the same time achieving easier discoverability and opportunity for its attendance. It is argued that by applying a qualitative data optimizer, a request for a more successful business of the tourist companies is requested. In the course of the study, the methodology and stages of optimization on the Internet are outlined, with the aim of popularizing the public online business and the competitiveness of the online tourism business.The new features of the market of tourism products and services also require new approaches to managing the innovation activity of the enterprises in the sector, oriented towards effective communication with consumers, which depends to a great extent on the successful realization of an innovation in this market. It is argued that tourism innovations are of a physical and social nature, primarily related to limiting the risks to tourists, increased mobility and accessibility. In most cases, they are moderate, imitating, and transferred from other spheres. An attempt to justify the idea that new communication technologies contribute about destinations offered by digital online platforms are more attractive and more accessible by highlighting the advantages of SEO optimization in terms of the functioning of the sustainable tourism market.
APPLICATION OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS IN FUNCTION OF COMPANIES’ LIQUIDITY EVALUATION
Authors: Usinova Ajsel
Published: August 2019

The financial statements represent a "snapshot" of the company's operations in a specific period and one of the main sources of data for evaluation of the financial condition and result of companies and analyze their overall performance. The analysis of financial statements is the use of accounting information in decision-making and investment business. The process of analyzing financial reports is designed to help business people, investors and lenders to learn how to read, interpret and analyze prepared financial statements. Essential tool in the analysis of financial statements is financial (ratio) analysis. The objective of this master’s thesis is to explain the application of financial indicators in the analysis of business processes in general and to give a special contribution to the understanding of the application of financial liquidity indicators. From this point of calculation is illustrated and also made a detailed analysis of the performance of the liquidity situation with specific representative sample of companies in the Macedonian economy.
LEGISLATIVE ASPECTS OF PROSTITUTION COUNTERACT
Authors: Terziev Venelin , Bonev Hristo
Published: August 2019

The aim of the article is to establish a strategic orientation of the legislative initiatives towards the factors of prostitution. These criteria are accepted as a basis for assessing prostitution and its role in ensuring the citizens security in the country. This implies a complex nature of a policy that should include both social, educational, economic, retributive and administrative measures that create an incentive for alternative prostitution and discourage prostitution consumption. Creating effective and consistent legislative initiatives subjected to a sustainable legislative concept. Assessment of legal regimes to counteract prostitution in other European countries in order to support the policy of Bulgarian institutions to establish legislative approaches to the prostitution concept.
HISTORY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE THE USE OF THE LANGUAGE AS MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
Authors: Milevska Vesna
Published: August 2019

English language has obtained the status of the prime world language due to its multiple functions in international communication: it is the lingua franca for politics, diplomacy, international academic and business conferences, the leading language for science and technology, mass media, computers and entertainment. English language as the main medium worldwide is important both in global and local sense. The expansion of communities of users of English has indicated pragmatic, conceptual and discourse variation that has created new communicative needs. Before continuing to refer to other matters connected to English language as one of the main global and most widely used languages, the primary step is to look at its history, its origins and development.
THE USE OF SKILLS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPING A BASIS FOR READING AND LEARNING
Authors: Ameti Lirije
Published: August 2019

This theme:” The Use of Skills and particularly Developing a Basis for Reading and Learning” is very broad, interesting, challenging and very useful at the same time. It is very useful for teachers and students during lectorical exercises which require a joint effort of participating interactively in class in order to be more efficient, flexible and pragmatic in order to achieve the main goal of learning and improving English Language. This source of information is useful for native speakers as well as for us, that are learning and improving English Language as a second language that intend to be future teachers or interpreters from English to respective languages.To Learn and improve English language are used the four main skills: Listening, Reading, Speaking (Communicating) and Writing. During lectures in order to practice and elaborate each of the skills, teachers and students encounter into different situations that in order to answer or conduct one of the skills you will have to answer and imply flexibility and efficiency by giving answers by all the other subjects which I consider an interweave of grammar, morphology, syntax, phonology, and for style of language explanations from theory of literature. And to grasp the main purpose or idea of the author to have general knowledge of different fields in life such as social, psychological, economical, historical ect.Through this paper work I will try to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of using the first main skill which is Reading, how to analyze the reading efficiency and learning style, how to develop the reading flexibility, principles of efficiency, evaluating the rate of reading and flexibility the factors that have impact in reading efficiently. Shortly as well is mentioned critical thinking and active reading which guides toward thinking and improving concentration. Finally, how to monitor comprehension the factors that impact upon reading which require pre-reading, rereading and prediction to retain elevating results.
FIRST AND SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING THROUGH TEXTBOOKS IN ALBANIAN SCHOOLS (COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW OF ALBANIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEXTBOOKS)
Authors: Muka Rina , Hoti Irida
Published: August 2019

The language acquired from the childhood is the language spoken in the family and in the place of living. This language is different from one pupil to another, because of their social, economical conditions. By starting the school the pupil faces first the ABC book and then in the second grade Albanian language learning through the Albanian language textbook. By learning Albanian language step by step focused on Reading, Writing, Speaking and Grammar the pupil is able to start learning the second language on the next years of schooling. So, the second language learning in Albanian schools is related to the first language learning (mother tongue), since the early years in primary school. In our schools, the second language (English, Italian) starts in the third grade of the elementary class. On the third grade isn’t taught grammar but the pupil is directed toward the correct usage of the language. The textbooks are structured in developing the pupil’s critical thinking. The textbooks are fully illustrated and with attractive and educative lessons adequate to the age of the pupils. This comparative study will reflect some important aspects of language learning in Albanian schools (focused on Albanian language - first language and English language - second language), grade 3-6. Our point of view in this paper will show not only the diversity of the themes, the lines and the sub-lines but also the level of language knowledge acquired at each level of education. First, the study will focus on some important issues in comparing Albanian and English language texts as well as those which make them different: chronology and topics retaken from one level of education to another, so by conception of linear and chronological order will be shown comparatively two learned languages (mother tongue and second language). By knowing and learning well mother tongue will be easier for the pupil the foreign language learning. The foreign language (as a learning curriculum) aims to provide students with the skills of using foreign language written and spoken to enable the literature to recognize the achievements of advanced world science and technology that are in the interest of developing our technique. Secondly, the study will be based on the extent of grammatical knowledge, their integration with 'Listening, Reading, Speaking and Writing' as well as the inclusion of language games and their role in language learning. The first and second language learning in Albanian schools (grade III-VI) is based on similar principles for the linearity and chronology of grammatical knowledge integrated with listening, reading, writing and speaking. The different structure of both books help the pupils integrate and use correctly both languages. In the end of the sixth grade, the pupils have good knowledge of mother tongue and the second language and are able to write and speak well both languages.
THE ENDURANCE OF THE GOTHIC THE ROMANTICS’ CONTRIBUTION TO THE VAMPIRE MYTH
Authors: Pop Zarieva Natalija
Published: August 2019

The end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth century, also known as the period of Romanticism, were marked with the interest of the authors in nature and emotions, but also in the supernatural, horrible and the exotic. Although it was the era of reason and the progress of sciences, critics have identified the significance of the Gothic influence on the works of most of the English Romantic figures, among which Lord Byron is known to have had the major influence on the creation and persistence of the vampire figure, as a Gothic trope, haunting the last and this century’s literature and film. This paper attempts to unravel the origins and nature of the mysterious cultural appeal to the literary vampire by tracing its origins from Eastern European folklore, the first poem titled “Der Vampir”(1743) by Heinrich Ossenfelder, to the German Sturm and Drang poets, such as Johann Wolfgang Goethe and Gottfried August Buerger and their respective poems “Die Braut von Korinth” (1789) and “Lenore” (1773). The role of British ballad writers Southey, Lewis and Scott and their ballad collections will be considered as a significant effort to “renew the spirit” of British poetry which according to Scott had reached “a remarkably low ebb in Britain” (as cited in Thomson, 2002, p.80). Another literary figure engaged in writing Gothic ballads following the tradition of Mathew Lewis, not so well-known during her time, was the Scottish writer Anne Bannerman. Her ballad “Dark Ladie” deserves special attention in this context, as it features a female character who is transformed from the previous ballad tradition: from a passive victim of male seduction, here she becomes a fatal woman who comes back from the undead to seek for revenge and initiates the line of female vampires such as Keats’s “Lamia” and Coleridge’s “Christabel”. Thus, this paper elaborates on the major contributors to the Gothic stream in poetry in the specific period, mainly ballads, and traces the presence and development of Gothic elements and vampiric features. The continuous appeal to the Gothic found its place in the works of several major English Romantics, even though they put great effort to differentiate their poetry from the popular literature of the day – Gothic novels. This paper will concentrate on Lord Byron’s Oriental tale The Giaour (1813) and Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1798). Both works incorporate Gothic themes, settings and characters, but there hasn’t been much literary focus with reference to the vampire theme they are based on. Although, critics have observed the contribution of the ambivalent vampire figure in Romantic literature, critical evaluation of the growth of this Gothic character in these two poems until now is incomplete. Hence, we will focus on Byron and Coleridge’s appropriation of the vampire figure and their contribution to the growth of this character. The various metaphoric usages of this character will also be explored and defined to determine their purpose.
HEAVEN ROOT IN THE SOIL OF LIGHT – WORDS ABOUT POETRY BOOK HUMUS BY PETER KRAEVSKI
Authors: Aleksandrova Rozalia
Published: August 2019

The field of living immateriality of words. Fertilized by the heart and imagination of the poet Peter Kraevski. The poems that look like birds and trees at the same time. So unachievable and at the same time understandable, but only at first glance. Looking at the dense context, you want to go straight to them along the steep paths of the soul. "Hummus." A book that is deeply related to the living images of the author's incarnations - soil, humus, grass, girl, poetry, Whitman, seasons, nature, the old man, the eternal state, the ossus, the room, the bug, the nightingale, the wind …Humus - according to the Bulgarian Dictionary, this is the richest organic ingredient in the soil, which determines its fertility. Ie. it is this ingredient without which Life would not be so real. The Humus poetic book is that ingredient in modern Bulgarian poetry that gives life to the words in the ruined humus soil of the Word. It gathers in the wreath the fruits of the author's inspiration, ennobles them and plants them in the closest to the Creator plan - the perfect ground of Love and Creation.
ALTRUISTIC AND EGOISTIC AGON IN THE EMOTIONAL CRISIS OF SUŠIĆ'S DRAMATIC PERSONS
Authors: Čengić Almedina
Published: August 2019

The second half of the 20th century in Bosnian literature is marked by the new tendencies of avant-garde writers, who will create their work through a different form of artistic creation, compared to the one that was presented at the beginning of this period. It is important to clarify the specificity of the various procedures that have positively directed dramatic creativity towards the modern lines of European literary circles. Derviš Sušić (1925-1990.), the Bosnian-Herzegovinian tradition and the reality of images, presented in a completely new artistic vision, make oscillation, in the writer's creation, between the determinants of historical facts and the legacy of oral tradition. Derviš Sušić Within the avant-garde tendencies of contemporary writers of the regional region, which appear in the mid-20th century, Sušić dominates in his virtuous creations of dramatic situations and dilemmas, in which his protagonists act. In a specific presentation of crucial culmination points, within the framework of the process of "drama of the flow of consciousness," a modern process in the conduct of drama, this writer analytically approaches the individual's dialectical duplication. Through artistically shaped fragments taken from historical records, this literary virtuoso presents in his texts a culmination point of Bosnian survival, very picturesque dramatic shaped historical characters and crucial events. It is symptomatic that Susić's characters become prototypes of stage characters, without temporal or location restrictions, transmitting a universal message of a unique attitude about the value of human activity and existence, outperform stereotypical models recognizable in the additional drama literature. Through the colorful of seeing and a range of specific dramatic characters, without the diversity of their differentiation in national status or sociopolitical affiliation, this writer creates a special ambient effect in the construction of his poetic fabrics based on historical background. The task of this paper is to prove the causality and conditionality of altruistic (social) and egoistic (individual) agonies in the actions and actions of Sušić's characters, in the examples of dramatic texts "Veliki vezir" (1969) and "Posljednja ljubav Hasana Kaimija "(1973), as well as the influence of emotional indicators on the concrete initiation of the dramatic conflict. It is therefore very interesting to explore and verify the models that will dominantly dominate the regional scene for almost half a century and be accepted as models in the way of writing its contemporaries, among the readers' population, but also at the same time with very successful placement in the theater audience.
RESTORATION OF THE CULTURAL MEMORY
Authors: Dobreva Vanya , Iankova Ivanka
Published: August 2019

The approaches to the restoration and maintenance of cultural memory as an expression of identity (Personal and / or National) become more and more relevant in the modern society. It turns out that in the era of the so called knowledge society, overinformation, hypercommunication and stormy scientific progress, the volume of humanitarian knowledge is sharply reduced. This means that the world of ideas and thinking about the person as a human being is narrowed. The hypertrophy of Otherness leads to discrediting the Self and the We-identity. This, on its turn, manipulates the unique cultural memory (mostly related to the formation of We-identity) and replaces it with stereotypical clichés. In the Bulgarian educational system the humanitarian knowledge of national literature and history is very limited and demonstrates a tendency to arbitrary treatment of the national register of values. Therefore, this paper focuses on the literary curriculum in Bulgaria by providing an outline of the possible solutions for overcoming the lack of humanitarian knowledge through restoring the cultural memory in the education system. The problem is solved through cultural memory in practice - remembering the figure of a national hero (writer, religious factor, cultural and public figure and others). It is also important to emphasize on the cultural practice of the holiday, in particular the аnniversary, through which the cultural memory not only recovers but is also given a contemporary understanding.
GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWERMENT OF ALBANIAN WOMEN IN REP. OF MACEDONIA
Authors: Kadriu Ibish
Published: August 2019

In Macedonia, it is evident that gender equality is at a low level, Albanian women are still very little represented in social and political life, while measures to mitigate gender inequality have not yielded the expected outcomes, and it cannot be talked about the effectiveness of policies and programs to improve gender indicators. This paper, through the method of comparison and structured interview, aims to foster dialogue on the integration of gender equality in Macedonia, which means women's equal participation in the social, economic and political life of the country, equal opportunities to enjoy all rights and to put in service their individual potentials for the benefit of society. The objectives of this research are to: analyze the current situation of women in the Republic of Macedonia in the context of women's participation in politics and public life, its representation, identify opportunities including policies and institutions serving the gender equality as well as identify areas for intervention and recommend policies, programs and measures for problem solving and coping with challenges that represent gender equality and empowerment of Albanian women in this country. The reasons for the exclusion of Albanian women in public life are many, but more fundamental are traditions, way of life, and education of women and low employment percentage of Albanian women. There is no doubt that the use of open or closed lists of candidates, as well as their position on the list, plays a role. Research has shown that female counselors give more priority to issues related to health, social affairs, education and social infrastructure investments. However, women's involvement in politics and leading positions remains a challenge even though important steps have been taken to advance women's participation in political life, the gender gap remains a challenge for key political positions (ministerial and mayoral positions), and leading positions in governmental and public institutions. Women's economic strengthening is one of the priorities included in the national strategic documents on gender equality in the Republic of Macedonia adequately address this issue. However, different field analyzes and research show partial harmonization in limited access and contribution in terms of economic strengthening of women and girls.
THE BULGARIAN ORTHODOX COMMUNITY IN ISTANBUL: HISTORY AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Buzhashka Boryana , Yankova Ivanka
Published: August 2019

In comparison to the other Bulgarian colonies around the world, that of Istanbul is a special case. If one compares it with those in America, Australia and Canada, it is small in size, but an important part of the complicated Bulgarian-Turkish relationship. What makes it different are the history of its creation, the role it played during the Bulgarian National Revival and the conditions in which it found itself during the years leading to the present day.The Revival is the period when, in the capital of the Ottoman Empire, the Bulgarians consolidated themselves as an ethnic community in the name of the struggle for ecclesiastical independence. With its multiple donors and the support of the Bulgarian State, the Bulgarian Exarchate bought many properties and built Bulgarian spiritual centres on the territory of present-day Turkey—churches, schools, community centres, bookstores, and other representative buildings. According to contemporary Turkish law, the Bulgarian colony, which now numbers 500 people, cares for the few remaining buildings from the Revival era in Istanbul, with the assistance of the Bulgarian Government.By now, hardly any representatives of the Bulgarian colony remain, and it is being revived by Bulgarians, mostly from Aegean Macedonia, who have never lived inside the boundaries of the Bulgarian state.Since the First World War (from Kemal Atatürk) until now (to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan), the colony has survived within a regime of constant discrimination. The colony does not boast any distinct personalities, it does not publish any printed publications, and has no active political and social life.Its ecclesiastical status introduces additional difficulties to its representatives. As a result of historical circumstances, the focus of our ecclesiastical struggle is concentrated on the Diocese of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, which even now spiritually favours the descendants of those who fought against it.Throughout the years, with different intensity, and subject to many external factors, the colony’s struggle to preserve Bulgarian national self-awareness and the Bulgarian spirit has continued to this day. The community members retain the generic memory of their Bulgarian roots and identify themselves as Bulgarians.The members of the colony were particularly tested during the period of the “Process of Rebirth” and the years of the anti-Bulgarian campaign, when they found themselves socially isolated and suffered the negative aspects of the politics of the Communist Bulgarian government.Throughout the majority of its existence, the Bulgarian community in Istanbul was hostage to contemporaneous Bulgarian-Turkish relationships. However, today it can become one of the elements for the strengthening and development of good relations between the Republics of Turkey and Bulgaria.
CULTURAL HERITAGE AND MINERAL SPRINGS-RESOURCES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL TOURIST PRODUCT
Authors: Staneva Krasimira
Published: August 2019

The main prerequisites for the development and realization of a combined local tourist product are natural and anthropogenic tourism resources combined with a preserved environment. Nine cultural and historical and seven medical SPA and SPA destinations included in the portfolio of the Ministry of Tourism in Bulgaria were researched. The tourism resources and the quality of the environment have been evaluated, using our previous research data. All of destinations under study have a preserved natural environment and some of the sites included in these destinations are national and climatic resorts. There is a good combination of appropriate resources for the development of a combined tourist product, concentrated in the same geographic area.For the realization of the combined tourist product is necessary to stimulate the integrated regional development of tourism through the formation of appropriate organizational structures, coordination of the supply and implementation of a regionally differentiated state tourism policy. The conservation and sustainable use of tourism resources is crucial to the creation of the product. The high-class tourist services as VR and AR form of the service are interesting. They provide leisure time management, "Second screen" marketing and psycho-emotional comfort for the client, which is aimed at a high quality of life. There is a need for an expert approach, which is related to balanced management of mineral waters at the municipal level and maintenance of the quality of the offered services in the field of cultural tourism and good information tourist system combined with adequate management of the personnel competencies. Obviously, the Municipalities role and responsibility offering the combined tourist product is in line with development and implementation of the Municipal Tourist Reservation System, the Municipal Tourist Security System and Conceptual Models for the Development of Balanced Tourism based on an analysis of the tourist footprint. The role of marketing innovation focused on customer behavior and the psycho-emotional impact of the tourism product is growing also in the long term.
COMPETENCIES FOR HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OF PRINCIPALS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Bilalli Pakize
Published: August 2019

Education is basically an expression of the social system. It is the basis for human emancipation, a functional instrument through which the identity of the individual is realized. It is important for the social reputation, authority and power. The acquired knowledge and educational skills are very applicable and usable in the economic and practical life. Although knowledge is acquired individually, they become a treasure for all members of the community. Education is an individual feature that in practice becomes common value and benefit to the whole community.The aim of this research is to identify important factors that influence the management of secondary education, managers and managerial skills, as well as their competencies.The professional competences for headmasters are the result of the activities for improvement of the system for professional and career development of the educational and teaching staff in the Republic of Macedonia.The professional competences for headmaster define the values, knowledge, behaviors and skills that headmasters in secondary schools need to possess in order to perform their function successfully. A headmaster should be able to play more important roles in achieving the goal and mission of the school. A headmaster should be a strategic partner, an instrument developer, an implementing partner, a legal supervisor, as well as administrative and operational manager for the employees.This paper will analyze the structure of professional competencies for a headmaster, which consists of two parts:- Professional values and- Professional knowledge, skills and examples of professional practice.The next part will analyze the definition of generic competences. Each candidate for a school headmaster should possess these competencies that cover the overall engagement and respect of the educational context of the Republic of Macedonia.