bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variations in practice in cardiac neurodevelopmental follow-up programs
Authors: Miller Thomas A. , Sadhwani Anjali , Sanz Jacqueline , Sood Erica , Ilardi Dawn , Newburger Jane W. , Goldberg Caren S. , Wypij David , Gaynor J. William , Marino Bradley S.
Published: October 2020

Over the last two decades, heart centres have developed strategies to meet the neurodevelopmental needs of children with congenital heart disease. Since the publication of guidelines in 2012, cardiac neurodevelopmental follow-up programmes have become more widespread. Local neurodevelopmental programmes, however, have been developed independently in widely varying environments. We sought to characterise variation in structure and personnel in cardiac neurodevelopmental programmes. A 31-item survey was sent to all member institutions of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative. Multidisciplinary teams at each centre completed the survey. Responses were compiled in a descriptive fashion. Of the 29 invited centres, 23 responded to the survey (79%). Centres reported more anticipated neurodevelopment visits between birth and 5 years of age (median 5, range 2–8) than 5–18 years (median 2, range 0–10) with 53% of centres lacking any standard for routine neurodevelopment evaluations after 5 years of age. Estimated annual neurodevelopment clinic volume ranged from 85 to 428 visits with a median of 16% of visits involving children >5 years of age. Among responding centres, the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence were the most routinely used tests. Neonatal clinical assessment was more common (64%) than routine neonatal brain imaging (23%) during hospitalisation. In response to clinical need and published guidelines, centres have established formal cardiac neurodevelopment follow-up programmes. Centres vary considerably in their approaches to routine screening and objective testing, with many centres currently focussing their resources on evaluating younger patients.
Abernethy malformation draining above the diaphragm to the coronary sinus and its embryological explanations
Authors: Sonawane Bhushan , Sivakumar Kothandam
Published: October 2020

Abernethy malformation connecting to a supradiaphragmatic vein may be missed due to their rarity or lack of awareness. Embryological reasons explain the involvement of the left superior caval vein in these connections.
Neuromechanical force-based control of a powered prosthetic foot
Authors: Naseri Amirreza , Grimmer Martin , Seyfarth André , Ahmad Sharbafi Maziar
Published: October 2020

This article presents a novel neuromechanical force-based control strategy called FMCA (force modulated compliant ankle), to control a powered prosthetic foot. FMCA modulates the torque, based on sensory feedback, similar to neuromuscular control approaches. Instead of using a muscle reflex-based approach, FMCA directly exploits the vertical ground reaction force as sensory feedback to modulate the ankle joint impedance. For evaluation, we first demonstrated how FMCA can predict human-like ankle torque for different walking speeds. Second, we implemented the FMCA in a neuromuscular transtibial amputee walking simulation model to validate if the approach can be used to achieve stable walking and to compare the performance to a neuromuscular reflex-based controller that is already used in a powered ankle. Compared to the neuromuscular model-based approach, the FMCA is a simple solution with a sufficient push-off that can provide stable walking. Third, to assess the ability of the FMCA to generate human-like ankle biomechanics during walking at the preferred speed, we implemented this strategy in a powered prosthetic foot and performed experiments with a non-amputee subject. The results confirm that, for this subject, FMCA can be used to mimic the non-amputee reference ankle torque and the reference ankle angle. The findings of this study support the applicability and advantages of a new bioinspired control approach for assisting amputees. Future experiments should investigate the applicability to other walking speeds and the applicability to the target population.
A Lost Haven for Early Modern Humans
Authors: Braun Kerstin
Published: October 2020

Sea level changes have repeatedly reshaped the Paleo-Agulhas Plain, a now submerged region off the coast of South Africa that once teemed with plants, animals, and human hunter–gatherers.
Does Underthrusting Crust Feed Magmatic Flare‐Ups in Continental Arcs?
Authors: Yang Jiaming , Cao Wenrong , Gordon Stacia M. , Chu Xu
Published: October 2020

Episodic magmatic flare‐ups are documented in many continental arcs worldwide. Yet, the causes of such episodicity and the sources feeding the flare‐ups are not well‐understood. In this study, we use a 1‐D numerical model and scaling analysis to assess the mass balance and thermodynamic feasibility of generating arc magma as a result of partial melting of underthrusted retro‐arc lower crust. Results show the magma volumetric flux or magmatic thickening rate, is directly correlated with the crustal underthrusting rate and the relative timescales of heat transfer and underthrusting. For a continental arc with dimensions similar to the Sierra Nevada arc in California, we show with a constant underthrusting rate of 5 km/Myr, the magmatic thickening rate is 0.1–0.3 km/Myr. This is slightly below the baseline of arc magma thickening rate (∼0.3 km/Myr) from the mantle wedge and accounts for 10%–30% of the magmatic thickening rate during a flare‐up. The cumulative volume of magma generated from the partial melting of a 20‐km‐thick underthrusted lower crust is on the order of 105 km3, about 10%–40% of the estimated magma volume generated during a flare‐up. Therefore, we argue partial melting of underthrusted lower crust plays a partial or subsidiary role in driving a magmatic flare‐up event. Additional melts from the mantle and/or other crustal sources are needed to achieve the observed magmatic output during flare‐ups. The arc root developed by partial melting of the underthrusted crust reduces the time needed to obtain the critical thickness for root foundering, thus influencing the tempo of arc magmatism.
Closure of F Region Dynamo Currents: Revisiting CHAMP Magnetic Field Data
Authors: Park Jaeheung , Lühr Hermann , Yamazaki Yosuke
Published: October 2020

In the equatorial F region exist upward/downward electric currents, which are generally attributed to dynamo action of thermospheric zonal wind. Despite the long history of their observations since the 1970s, the return path has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we revisit the magnetic field data of the Challenging Mini‐satellite Payload (CHAMP) to address the statistical distribution of the return currents. In addition to the F region dynamo currents near the dip equator, we have identified off‐equatorial bands with the reverse polarity. Both equatorial and off‐equatorial bands flip signs around 1600 magnetic local time (MLT) and are the weakest during June solstice. These similarities suggest that the off‐equatorial currents are tied to the equatorial F region dynamo and provide the return paths. The off‐equatorial return currents have the following characteristics. First, they are mostly confined within ±20° in magnetic latitude (MLAT) at CHAMP altitudes, which corresponds to <1,300‐km apex height. Second, the peak locations of the equatorial dynamo and the off‐equatorial return currents are zonally displaced from each other in terms of MLT and longitude. It implies that zonal currents in the topside F region participate in the current closure. Third, the return currents exhibit multiple zonal bands (beyond |MLAT| > 20°) near dusk during combined equinoxes, whose origin is currently unknown.
Satellite‐Based Monitoring of Irrigation Water Use: Assessing Measurement Errors and Their Implications for Agricultural Water Management Policy
Authors: Foster T. , Mieno T. , Brozović N.
Published: October 2020

Reliable accounting of agricultural water use is critical for sustainable water management. However, the majority of agricultural water use is not monitored, with limited metering of irrigation despite increasing pressure on both groundwater and surface water resources in many agricultural regions worldwide. Satellite remote sensing has been proposed as a low‐cost and scalable solution to fill widespread gaps in monitoring of irrigation water use in both developed and developing countries, bypassing the technical, socioeconomic, and political challenges that to date have constrained in situ metering. In this paper, we show through a systematic meta‐analysis that the relative accuracy of different satellite‐based irrigation water use monitoring approaches remains poorly understood, with evidence of large uncertainties when water use estimates are validated against in situ irrigation data at both field and regional scales. Subsequently, we demonstrate that water use measurement errors result in large economic welfare losses for farmers and may negatively impact ability of policies to limit acute and nonlinear externalities of irrigation abstraction on both the environment and other water users. Our findings highlight that water resource planners must consider the trade‐offs between accuracy and costs associated with different water use accounting approaches. Remote sensing has an important role to play in supporting improved agricultural water accounting—both independently and in combination with in situ monitoring. However, greater transparency and evidence is needed about underlying uncertainties in satellite‐based models, along with how these measurement errors affect the performance of associated policies to manage different short‐ and long‐term externalities of irrigation water use.
The long noncoding RNA LUCAT1 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation by antagonizing Nucleolin to regulate MYC expression
Authors: Wu Runliu , Li Liang , Bai Yang , Yu Bowen , Xie Canbin , Wu Hao , Zhang Yi , Huang Lihua , Yan Yichao , Li Xiaorong , Lin Changwei
Published: October 2020

The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LUCAT1 was recently reported to be upregulated and to play an essential role in multiple cancer types, especially colorectal cancer (CRC), but the molecular mechanisms of LUCAT1 in CRC are mostly unreported. Here, a systematic analysis of LUACT1 expression is performed with data from TCGA database and clinic CRC samples. LUCAT1 is identified as a putative oncogene, which is significantly upregulated in CRC and is associated with poor prognosis. Loss of LUCAT1 restricts CRC proliferative capacities in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, NCL is identified as the protein binding partner of LUCAT1 by using chromatin isolation by RNA purification coupled with mass spectrometry (ChIRP-MS) and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. We also show that NCL directly binds to LUCAT1 via its putative G-quadruplex-forming regions from nucleotides 717 to 746. The interaction between LUCAT1 and NCL interferes NCL-mediated inhibition of MYC and promote the expression of MYC. Cells lacking LUCAT1 show a decreased MYC expression, and NCL knockdown rescue LUCAT1 depletion-induced inhibition of CRC cell proliferation and MYC expression. Our results suggest that LUCAT1 plays a critical role in CRC cell proliferation by inhibiting the function of NCL via its G-quadruplex structure and may serve as a new prognostic biomarker and effective therapeutic target for CRC.
Learning the non-equilibrium dynamics of Brownian movies
Authors: Gnesotto Federico S. , Gradziuk Grzegorz , Ronceray Pierre , Broedersz Chase P.
Published: October 2020

Time-lapse microscopy imaging provides direct access to the dynamics of soft and living systems. At mesoscopic scales, such microscopy experiments reveal intrinsic thermal and non-equilibrium fluctuations. These fluctuations, together with measurement noise, pose a challenge for the dynamical analysis of these Brownian movies. Traditionally, methods to analyze such experimental data rely on tracking embedded or endogenous probes. However, it is in general unclear, especially in complex many-body systems, which degrees of freedom are the most informative about their non-equilibrium nature. Here, we introduce an alternative, tracking-free approach that overcomes these difficulties via an unsupervised analysis of the Brownian movie. We develop a dimensional reduction scheme selecting a basis of modes based on dissipation. Subsequently, we learn the non-equilibrium dynamics, thereby estimating the entropy production rate and time-resolved force maps. After benchmarking our method against a minimal model, we illustrate its broader applicability with an example inspired by active biopolymer gels.
The Iceland-Faroe Slope Jet: a conduit for dense water toward the Faroe Bank Channel overflow
Authors: Semper Stefanie , Pickart Robert S. , Våge Kjetil , Larsen Karin Margretha H. , Hátún Hjálmar , Hansen Bogi
Published: October 2020

Dense water from the Nordic Seas passes through the Faroe Bank Channel and supplies the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, a critical component of the climate system. Yet, the upstream pathways of this water are not fully known. Here we present evidence of a previously unrecognised deep current following the slope from Iceland toward the Faroe Bank Channel using high-resolution, synoptic shipboard observations and long-term measurements north of the Faroe Islands. The bulk of the volume transport of the current, named the Iceland-Faroe Slope Jet (IFSJ), is relatively uniform in hydrographic properties, very similar to the North Icelandic Jet flowing westward along the slope north of Iceland toward Denmark Strait. This suggests a common source for the two major overflows across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge. The IFSJ can account for approximately half of the total overflow transport through the Faroe Bank Channel, thus constituting a significant component of the overturning circulation in the Nordic Seas.
Exponentially-enhanced quantum sensing with non-Hermitian lattice dynamics
Authors: McDonald Alexander , Clerk Aashish A.
Published: October 2020

Non-Hermitian systems exhibit markedly different phenomena than their conventional Hermitian counterparts. Several such features, such as the non-Hermitian skin effect, are only present in spatially extended systems. Potential applications of these effects in many-mode systems however remains largely unexplored. Here, we study how unique features of non-Hermitian lattice systems can be harnessed to improve Hamiltonian parameter estimation in a fully quantum setting. While the quintessential non-Hermitian skin effect does not provide any distinct advantage, alternate effects yield dramatic enhancements. We show that certain asymmetric non-Hermitian tight-binding models with a $${{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2}$$

Z

2

symmetry yield a pronounced sensing advantage: the quantum Fisher information per photon increases exponentially with system size. We find that these advantages persist in regimes where non-Markovian and non-perturbative effects become important. Our setup is directly compatible with a variety of quantum optical and superconducting circuit platforms, and already yields strong enhancements with as few as three lattice sites.
Shortwave-infrared meso-patterned imaging enables label-free mapping of tissue water and lipid content
Authors: Zhao Yanyu , Pilvar Anahita , Tank Anup , Peterson Hannah , Jiang John , Aster Jon C. , Dumas John Paul , Pierce Mark C. , Roblyer Darren
Published: October 2020

Water and lipids are key participants in many biological processes, but there are few non-invasive methods that provide quantification of these components in vivo, and none that can isolate and quantify lipids in the blood. Here we develop a new imaging modality termed shortwave infrared meso-patterned imaging (SWIR-MPI) to provide label-free, non-contact, spatial mapping of water and lipid concentrations in tissue. The method utilizes patterned hyperspectral illumination to target chromophore absorption bands in the 900–1,300 nm wavelength range. We use SWIR-MPI to monitor clinically important physiological processes including edema, inflammation, and tumor lipid heterogeneity in preclinical models. We also show that SWIR-MPI can spatially map blood-lipids in humans, representing an example of non-invasive and contact-free measurements of in vivo blood lipids. Together, these results highlight the potential of SWIR-MPI to enable new capabilities in fundamental studies and clinical monitoring of major conditions including obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular disease.
Modulation of late Pleistocene ENSO strength by the tropical Pacific thermocline
Authors: Rustic Gerald T. , Polissar Pratigya J. , Ravelo Ana Christina , White Sarah M.
Published: October 2020

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is highly dependent on coupled atmosphere-ocean interactions and feedbacks, suggesting a tight relationship between ENSO strength and background climate conditions. However, the extent to which background climate state determines ENSO behavior remains in question. Here we present reconstructions of total variability and El Niño amplitude from individual foraminifera distributions at discrete time intervals over the past ~285,000 years across varying atmospheric CO2 levels, global ice volume and sea level, and orbital insolation forcing. Our results show a strong correlation between eastern tropical Pacific Ocean mixed-layer thickness and both El Niño amplitude and central Pacific variability. This ENSO-thermocline relationship implicates upwelling feedbacks as the major factor controlling ENSO strength on millennial time scales. The primacy of the upwelling feedback in shaping ENSO behavior across many different background states suggests accurate quantification and modeling of this feedback is essential for predicting ENSO’s behavior under future climate conditions.
Genome-scale metabolic rewiring improves titers rates and yields of the non-native product indigoidine at scale
Authors: Banerjee Deepanwita , Eng Thomas , Lau Andrew K. , Sasaki Yusuke , Wang Brenda , Chen Yan , Prahl Jan-Philip , Singan Vasanth R. , Herbert Robin A. , Liu Yuzhong , Tanjore Deepti , Petzold Christopher J. , Keasling Jay D. , Mukhopadhyay Aindrila
Published: October 2020

High titer, rate, yield (TRY), and scalability are challenging metrics to achieve due to trade-offs between carbon use for growth and production. To achieve these metrics, we take the minimal cut set (MCS) approach that predicts metabolic reactions for elimination to couple metabolite production strongly with growth. We compute MCS solution-sets for a non-native product indigoidine, a sustainable pigment, in Pseudomonas putida KT2440, an emerging industrial microbe. From the 63 solution-sets, our omics guided process identifies one experimentally feasible solution requiring 14 simultaneous reaction interventions. We implement a total of 14 genes knockdowns using multiplex-CRISPRi. MCS-based solution shifts production from stationary to exponential phase. We achieve 25.6 g/L, 0.22 g/l/h, and ~50% maximum theoretical yield (0.33 g indigoidine/g glucose). These phenotypes are maintained from batch to fed-batch mode, and across scales (100-ml shake flasks, 250-ml ambr®, and 2-L bioreactors).
USP52 regulates DNA end resection and chemosensitivity through removing inhibitory ubiquitination from CtIP
Authors: Gao Ming , Guo Guijie , Huang Jinzhou , Kloeber Jake A. , Zhao Fei , Deng Min , Tu Xinyi , Kim Wootae , Zhou Qin , Zhang Chao , Yin Ping , Luo Kuntian , Lou Zhenkun
Published: October 2020

Human C-terminal binding protein (CtBP)–interacting protein (CtIP) is a central regulator to initiate DNA end resection and homologous recombination (HR). Several studies have shown that post-translational modifications control the activity or expression of CtIP. However, it remains unclear whether and how cells restrain CtIP activity in unstressed cells and activate CtIP when needed. Here, we identify that USP52 directly interacts with and deubiquitinates CtIP, thereby promoting DNA end resection and HR. Mechanistically, USP52 removes the ubiquitination of CtIP to facilitate the phosphorylation and activation of CtIP at Thr-847. In addition, USP52 is phosphorylated by ATM at Ser-1003 after DNA damage, which enhances the catalytic activity of USP52. Furthermore, depletion of USP52 sensitizes cells to PARP inhibition in a CtIP-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our findings reveal the key role of USP52 and the regulatory complexity of CtIP deubiquitination in DNA repair.
Author Correction: PAK1 confers chemoresistance and poor outcome in non-small cell lung cancer via β-catenin-mediated stemness
Authors: Chen Ming-Jenn , Wu De-Wei , Wang Yao-Chen , Chen Chi-Yi , Lee Huei
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Fenton reaction mechanism generating no OH radicals in Nafion membrane decomposition
Authors: Tsuneda Takao
Published: October 2020

Mechanism of Fenton reaction, which is a most widely-used degradation test for organic materials using hydrogen peroxide (H$$_2$$

2

O$$_2$$

2

) and iron (Fe) cations, is revealed for the decomposition of hydrated Nafion membrane. This reaction mechanism has been assumed to generate OH radicals. For a doubly-hydrated Nafion membrane model, Fenton reaction with divalent and monovalent Fe (Fe$$^{2+}$$

2
+

and Fe$$^+$$

+

) cation hydration complexes is explored for experimentally-supported hydration numbers using long-range correction for density functional theory. As a result, it is found that H$$_2$$

2

O$$_2$$

2

coordinating to the Fe$$^{2+}$$

2
+

hydration complexes first approaches Nafion side chains in high humidity, then leads to the C–S bond dissociation of the side chain to produce carbonic acid group and sulfonic acid ion. On the other hand, once electron transfer proceeds between iron ions, the O–O bond of the coordinating H$$_2$$

2

O$$_2$$

2

is extended, then the C–S bond is dissociated to produce trihydroxymethyl group and sulfur trioxide, which are rapidly transformed to carboxyl group and sulfonic acid ion in aquo. This mechanism is confirmed by the vibrational spectrum analysis of the decomposed product. Collective Nafion decomposition mechanisms also suggest that the decomposition reaction uses the recycle of generated Fe cation hydration complexes under acidic condition near membrane surface.
Author Correction: Combined Tissue-Fluid Proteomics to Unravel Phenotypic Variability in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Leoni Emanuela , Bremang Michael , Mitra Vikram , Zubiri Irene , Jung Stephan , Lu Ching-Hua , Adiutori Rocco , Lombardi Vittoria , Russell Claire , Koncarevic Sasa , Ward Malcolm , Pike Ian , Malaspina Andrea
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Neddylation blockade induces HIF-1α driven cancer cell migration via upregulation of ZEB1
Authors: Park Jun Bum , Seo Jieun , Park Jong-Wan , Chun Yang-Sook
Published: October 2020

Neddylation is a process by which NEDD8 is covalently conjugated to target proteins by sequential enzymatic reaction. Its role in cancer cell migration has only been recently acknowledged. Previously in cancer cell migration, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) process has been well-known to play an important role in both invasion and metastasis by promoting mesenchymal phenotype in epithelial cells. However, the role of neddylation in the EMT process and its mechanistic details are yet to be elucidated. We recently reported that neddylation plays a crucial role in cancer cell migration through the PI3K-Akt pathway. Here, we report that inhibiting neddylation activates the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) through the PI3K-Akt pathway, which eventually regulates the EMT-activator ZEB1 (zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1) in various cancer cell lines. As induction of HIF-1α is known to deteriorate the state of cancer and EMT process is one of the hallmarks of metastasis in cancer, our findings uncover the role of neddylation between HIF-1α and ZEB1.
Prevalence and associated factors of cataract and cataract-related blindness in the Russian Ural Eye and Medical Study
Authors: Bikbov Mukharram M. , Kazakbaeva Gyulli M. , Gilmanshin Timur R. , Zainullin Rinat M. , Nuriev Ildar F. , Zaynetdinov Artur F. , Israfilova Gulnara Z. , Panda-Jonas Songhomitra , Arslangareeva Inga I. , Rakhimova Ellina M. , Rusakova Iulia A. , Jonas Jost B.
Published: October 2020

To assess the prevalence of cataract and cataract surgery in a population from Russia, we conducted the population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study with 5899 participants (80.5% out of 7328 eligible individuals), with an age of 40 + years as the eligibility criterion. In the phakic population, the prevalence of nuclear, cortical, subcapsular cataract and any cataract was 38.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 36.6, 39.3], 14.5% (95% CI 13.5, 15.5), 0.6% (95% CI 0.4, 0.8) and 44.6% (95% CI 43.2, 46.0), respectively. A higher prevalence of nuclear cataract was associated with older age [odds ratio (OR) 1.10; 95% CI 1.10, 1.11], the female sex (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.08, 1.50), urban region (OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.71, 2.33), a low educational level (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.88, 0.98), a high diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.001, 1.02), a low serum concentration of high-density lipoproteins (OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.84, 0.98), more smoking package years (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.01, 1.02), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.10, 1.03), a short axial length (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.86, 0.99), and a low prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.57, 0.92). The prevalence of previous cataract surgery conducted in 354/5885 individuals (6.0%; 95% CI 5.4, 6.6) increased from 0.4% (95% CI 0.0, 1.0) in the age group of 40–45 years to 37.6% (95% CI 30.9, 44.4) in the age group of 80 + years. Cataract was the cause of moderate-to-severe vision impairment in 109 (1.8%) individuals and of blindness in three (0.05%) individuals. The prevalence of cataract and cataract-related MSVI and blindness were relatively high; subsequently, the prevalence of previous cataract surgery was relatively low in this population from Russia.
Messenger RNA enrichment using synthetic oligo(T) click nucleic acids
Authors: Anderson Alex J. , Culver Heidi R. , Prieto Tania R. , Martinez Payton J. , Sinha Jasmine , Bryant Stephanie J. , Bowman Christopher N.
Published: October 2020

Messenger RNA enrichment is a key step in many molecular biology techniques. Herein, novel poly(T) oligonucleotides, synthesized via cost-effective thiol–ene polymerization, enrich mRNA in yields that rival commercially available techniques
On the supramolecular properties of neutral, anionic and cationic cadmium complexes harvested from dithiolate–polyamine binary ligand systems
Authors: Adhikari Suman , Bhattacharjee Tirtha , Das Arijit , Roy Subhadip , Daniliuc Constantin Gabriel , Zaręba Jan K. , Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio
Published: October 2020

Three Cd(ii) complexes [Cd(i-mnt)(DMSO)2]n (1), {[Cd(i-mnt)pn]·2H2O} (2), and [Cd(i-mnt)3][Cd(tren)2]2 (3) harvested from 1,1-dicyanoethylene-2,2-dithiolate (i-mnt2−) and polyamine ligand systems have been designed, synthesized and structurally characterized.
Thermodynamically metastable chain and stable layered Co(NCS)2 coordination polymers: thermodynamic relations and magnetic properties
Authors: Jochim Aleksej , Rams Michał , Böhme Michael , Ceglarska Magdalena , Plass Winfried , Näther Christian
Published: October 2020

Two isomers of Co(NCS)2(4-bromopyridine)2 were prepared and investigated for their thermodynamic relations and magnetic properties.
Promoted crystallisation and cationic ordering in thermoelectric Cu26V2Sn6S32 colusite by eccentric vibratory ball milling
Authors: Hegedüs Michal , Achimovičová Marcela , Hui Hongjue , Guélou Gabin , Lemoine Pierric , Fourati Ismail , Juraszek Jean , Malaman B. , Baláž Peter , Guilmeau Emmanuel
Published: October 2020

The impact of eccentric vibratory ball milling time on the crystallisation of thermoelectric Cu26V2Sn6S32 is addressed. Mössbauer spectroscopy is confirmed as a powerful technique to investigate local cationic order/disorder in ball-milled colusites.
dMSCC: a microfluidic platform for microbial single-cell cultivation of Corynebacterium glutamicum under dynamic environmental medium conditions
Authors: Täuber Sarah , Golze Corinna , Ho Phuong , von Lieres Eric , Grünberger Alexander
Published: October 2020

Microbial cells are often exposed to rapidly fluctuating environmental conditions. A novel microfluidic system for the cultivation of single cells and small cell clusters is presented under dynamic environment conditions.
Synthesis of lead-free Cs4(Cd1−xMnx)Bi2Cl12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) layered double perovskite nanocrystals with controlled Mn–Mn coupling interaction
Authors: Yang Hanjun , Shi Wenwu , Cai Tong , Hills-Kimball Katie , Liu Zhenyang , Dube Lacie , Chen Ou
Published: October 2020

Lead-free perovskites and their analogues have been extensively studied as a class of next-generation luminescent and optoelectronic materials.
Palladium(ii)-catalyzed tandem cyclization of 2-ethynylaniline tethered cinnamyl acetate for the synthesis of indenoindoles
Authors: Chen Junjie , Han Xiuling , Lu Xiyan
Published: October 2020

A palladium(ii)-catalyzed tandem cyclization of 2-ethynylaniline tethered cinnamyl acetate for the synthesis of indenoindoles was established.
Correction: From BiI3 to CuBiI4: a striking improvement in the photoelectric performance of a novel photodetector candidate
Authors: Qu Nannan , Lei Yan , Yang Xiaogang , Hu Xiaojing , Zhao Wencai , Zhao Chaoliang , Zheng Zhi
Published: October 2020

Correction for ‘From BiI3 to CuBiI4: a striking improvement in the photoelectric performance of a novel photodetector candidate’ by Nannan Qu et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2020, 8, 8451–8456, DOI: 10.1039/d0tc01188f.
Abnormal sterol-induced cell wall glucan deficiency in yeast is due to impaired glucan synthase transport to the plasma membrane
Authors: Gutierrez-Armijos L. Roxana , Sussmann Rodrigo A. C. , Silber Ariel M. , Cortez Mauro , Hernández Agustín
Published: October 2020

Abnormal sterols disrupt cellular functions through yet unclear mechanisms. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, accumulation of Δ8-sterols, the same type of sterols observed in patients of Conradi–Hünermann–Happle syndrome or in fungi after amine fungicide treatment, leads to cell wall weakness. We have studied the influence of Δ8-sterols on the activity of glucan synthase I, the protein synthetizing the main polymer in fungal cell walls, its regulation by the Cell Wall Integrity (CWI) pathway, and its transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. We ascertained that the catalytic characteristics were mostly unaffected by the presence of abnormal sterols but the enzyme was partially retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to glucan deficit at the cell wall. Furthermore, we observed that glucan synthase I traveled through an unconventional exocytic route to the plasma membrane that is associated with low density intracellular membranes. Also, we found out that the CWI pathway remained inactive despite low glucan levels at the cell wall. Taken together, these data suggest that Δ8-sterols affect cell walls by inhibiting unconventional secretion of proteins leading to retention and degradation of glucan synthase I, while the compensatory CWI pathway is unable to activate. These results could be instrumental to understand defects of bone development in cholesterol biosynthesis disorders and fungicide mechanisms of action.
RecQ helicases in DNA repair and cancer targets
Authors: Newman Joseph A. , Gileadi Opher
Published: October 2020

Helicases are enzymes that use the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to catalyze the unwinding of DNA or RNA. The RecQ family of helicases is conserved through evolution from prokaryotes to higher eukaryotes and plays important roles in various DNA repair pathways, contributing to the maintenance of genome integrity. Despite their roles as general tumor suppressors, there is now considerable interest in exploiting RecQ helicases as synthetic lethal targets for the development of new cancer therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the latest developments in the structural and mechanistic study of RecQ helicases and discuss their roles in various DNA repair pathways. Finally, we consider the potential to exploit RecQ helicases as therapeutic targets and review the recent progress towards the development of small molecules targeting RecQ helicases as cancer therapeutics.
Approach based on wavelet packet transform and 1D‐RMLBP for drowsiness detection using EEG
Authors: Alçin Ö.F.
Published: October 2020

Early drowsiness detection may be crucial for the vehicle alertness system. Towards this, wearable technology, camera‐based biophysical signals like electroencephalogram (EEG) approaches are utilised. In this Letter, the EEG‐based approach is proposed to detect drowsiness. The proposed method consists of random sampling‐based artificial signal augmentation, wavelet packet transform decomposition, logarithmic energy entropy, and one‐dimensional region mean local binary pattern (1d‐RMLBP) based feature extraction and classifier. k‐Nearest neighbour and support vector machine classifiers are employed to detect the drowsiness. The MIT/BIH polysomnographic dataset has been used to test the proposed model. The proposed method has superior performance than the other methods using the same data set. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model could efficiently detect drowsiness from polysomnographic EEG signals.
Efficient approach for EEG‐based emotion recognition
Authors: Şengür D. , Siuly S.
Published: October 2020

Identification of human emotion involving electroencephalogram (EEG) signals has become an emerging field in health monitoring application as EEG signals can give us a more diverse insight on emotional states. The aim of this study is to develop an efficient framework based on deep learning concept for automatic identification of human emotion from EEG signals. In the proposed framework, the signals are pre‐processing for removing noises by low‐pass filtering and then delta rhythm is extracted. After that, the extracted rhythm signals are converted into the EEG rhythm images by employing the continuous wavelet transform and then deep features are discovered by using a pre‐trained convolutional neural networks model. Afterwards, MobileNetv2 is used for deep feature selection to obtain the most efficient features and finally, long short term memory method is employed for classification of selected features. The proposed methodology is tested on ‘DEAP EEG data set’ (publicly available). This study considers two emotions namely ‘Valence’ and ‘Arousal’ for classification. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach produced accuracies of 96.1% for low/high valence and 99.6% for low/high arousal classification. A further comparison of the proposed method is also carried out and it is seen that the proposed method outperforms other compared methods.
Automatic drowsiness detection using electroencephalogram signal
Authors: Dutta A. , Kour S. , Taran S.
Published: October 2020

Drowsiness refers to the state of being sleepy or the state of minimal concentration. It is characterised by a decrease in a person's memory capacity and brain information processing speed. These conditions cause hazards in the real‐time working environment such as driving, monitoring power generation and patient health etc. These hazards can be sidestepped by introducing the automatic drowsiness detection system. This Letter suggested the electroencephalogram (EEG)‐based automatic drowsiness detection method. The clustering variational mode decomposition (CVMD) explores the non‐stationary behaviour of EEG for drowsiness detection. In CVMD optimum allocation sampling analyses non‐homogenous EEG signals and converts those into homogeneous EEG clusters. These clusters are then decomposed into band‐limited modes. The oscillatory mode characteristics are extracted in terms of several features. These features are fed as input into the least‐squares support vector machine classifier. The proposed method provides better drowsiness detection performance in comparison with the different methods using the same data set.
Analysis of EEG signal for seizure detection based on WPT
Authors: Arı A.
Published: October 2020

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a diagnostic method that provides information about the functioning of the brain. EEG can be used to diagnose the abnormally functioning part of the brain by monitoring electrical activities. An automated system has been proposed to create a computer‐based expert opinion needed in the detection of epilepsy and to capture a more objective view. To this end, the approximation and detail coefficients of EEG signals are calculated by using the wavelet packet transform (WPT). The coefficients were subjected to feature extraction using dispersion entropy and line length methods. The extracted feature vector has been applied as input to the support vector machine (SVM) and k‐nearest neighbour (KNN) classifiers. The proposed method was tested using the public EEG seizure dataset created by the University of Bonn. In this study, the dataset was evaluated in two different ways as binary cases and multiclass cases. Evaluated classification accuracy was 100% for binary classification with SVM. For multiclass classification evaluated accuracy was 99.85% with KNN. The proposed method was compared with other methods in the literature using the same dataset. The comparison results provide the superiority of the proposed method.
Nucleosynthetic yields of Z = 10−5 intermediate-mass stars
Authors: Gil-Pons P. , Doherty C. L. , Gutiérrez J. , Campbell S. W. , Siess L. , Lattanzio J. C.
Published: October 2020

Context. Observed abundances of extremely metal-poor stars in the Galactic halo hold clues for understanding the ancient universe. Interpreting these clues requires theoretical stellar models in a wide range of masses in the low-metallicity regime. The existing literature is relatively rich with extremely metal-poor massive and low-mass stellar models. However, relatively little information is available on the evolution of intermediate-mass stars of Z ≲ 10−5, and the impact of the uncertain input physics on the evolution and nucleosynthesis has not yet been systematically analysed.

Aims. We aim to provide the nucleosynthetic yields of intermediate-mass Z = 10−5 stars between 3 and 7.5 M⊙, and quantify the effects of the uncertain wind rates. We expect these yields could eventually be used to assess the contribution to the chemical inventory of the early universe, and to help interpret abundances of selected C-enhanced extremely metal-poor (CEMP) stars.

Methods. We compute and analyse the evolution of surface abundances and nucleosynthetic yields of Z = 10−5 intermediate-mass stars from their main sequence up to the late stages of their thermally pulsing (Super) AGB phase, with different prescriptions for stellar winds. We use the postprocessing code MONSOON to compute the nucleosynthesis based on the evolution structure obtained with the Monash-Mount Stromlo stellar evolution code MONSTAR. By comparing our models and others from the literature, we explore evolutionary and nucleosynthetic trends with wind prescriptions and with initial metallicity (in the very low-Z regime). We also compare our nucleosynthetic yields to observations of CEMP-s stars belonging to the Galactic halo.

Results. The yields of intermediate-mass extremely metal-poor stars reflect the effects of very deep or corrosive second dredge-up (for the most massive models), superimposed with the combined signatures of hot-bottom burning and third dredge-up. Specifically, we confirm the reported trend that models with initial metallicity Zini ≲ 10−3 give positive yields of 12C, 15N, 16O, and 26Mg. The 20Ne, 21Ne, and 24Mg yields, which were reported to be negative at Zini ≳ 10−4, become positive for Z = 10−5. The results using two different prescriptions for mass-loss rates differ widely in terms of the duration of the thermally pulsing (Super) AGB phase, overall efficiency of the third dredge-up episode, and nucleosynthetic yields. We find that the most efficient of the standard wind rates frequently used in the literature seems to favour agreement between our yield results and observational data. Regardless of the wind prescription, all our models become N-enhanced EMP stars.
Dust emission, extinction, and scattering in LDN 1642
Authors: Juvela Mika , Neha Sharma , Mannfors Emma , Saajasto Mika , Ysard Nathalie , Pelkonen Veli-Matti
Published: October 2020

Context. LDN 1642 is a rare example of a star-forming, high-latitude molecular cloud. The dust emission of LDN 1642 has already been studied extensively in the past, but its location also makes it a good target for studies of light scattering.

Aims. We wish to study the near-infrared (NIR) light scattering in LDN 1642, its correlation with the cloud structure, and the ability of dust models to simultaneously explain observations of sub-millimetre dust emission, NIR extinction, and NIR scattering.

Methods. We used observations made with the HAWK-I instrument to measure the NIR surface brightness and extinction in LDN 1642. These data were compared with Herschel observations of dust emission and, with the help of radiative transfer modelling, with the predictions calculated for different dust models.

Results. We find, for LDN 1642, an optical depth ratio τ(250 μm)∕τ(J) ≈ 10−3, confirming earlier findings of enhanced sub-millimetre emissivity. The relationships between the column density derived from dust emission and the NIR colour excesses are linear and consistent with the shape of the standard NIR extinction curve. The extinction peaks at AJ = 2.6 mag, and the NIR surface brightness remains correlated with N(H2) without saturation. Radiative transfer models are able to fit the sub-millimetre data with any of the tested dust models. However, these predict an NIR extinction that is higher and an NIR surface brightness that is lower than based on NIR observations. If the dust sub-millimetre emissivity is rescaled to the observed value of τ(250 μm)∕τ(J), dust models with high NIR albedo can reach the observed level of NIR surface brightness. The NIR extinction of the models tends to be higher than in the direct extinction measurements, which is also reflected in the shape of the NIR surface brightness spectra.

Conclusions. The combination of emission, extinction, and scattering measurements provides strong constraints on dust models. The observations of LDN 1642 indicate clear dust evolution, including a strong increase in the sub-millimetre emissivity, which has not been fully explained by the current dust models yet.
Determining the true mass of radial-velocity exoplanets with Gaia
Authors: Kiefer F. , Hébrard G. , Lecavelier des Etangs A. , Martioli E. , Dalal S. , Vidal-Madjar A.
Published: October 2020

Mass is one of the most important parameters for determining the true nature of an astronomical object. Yet, many published exoplanets lack a measurement of their true mass, in particular those detected as a result of radial-velocity (RV) variations of their host star. For those examples, only the minimum mass, or m sin i, is known, owing to the insensitivity of RVs to the inclination of the detected orbit compared to the plane of the sky. The mass that is given in databases is generally that of an assumed edge-on system (~90°), but many other inclinations are possible, even extreme values closer to 0° (face-on). In such a case, the mass of the published object could be strongly underestimated by up to two orders of magnitude. In the present study, we use GASTON, a recently developed tool taking advantage of the voluminous Gaia astrometric database to constrain the inclination and true mass of several hundreds of published exoplanet candidates. We find nine exoplanet candidates in the stellar or brown dwarf (BD) domain, among which six were never characterized. We show that 30 Ari B b, HD 141937 b, HD 148427 b, HD 6718 b, HIP 65891 b, and HD 16760 b have masses larger than 13.5 MJ at 3σ. We also confirm the planetary nature of 27 exoplanets, including HD 10180 c, d and g. Studying the orbital periods, eccentricities, and host-star metallicities in the BD domain, we found distributions with respect to true masses consistent with other publications. The distribution of orbital periods shows of a void of BD detections below ~100 d, while eccentricity and metallicity distributions agree with a transition between BDs similar to planets and BDs similar to stars in the range 40–50 MJ.
Flares in open clusters with K2
Authors: Ilin Ekaterina , Schmidt Sarah J. , Poppenhäger Katja , Davenport James R. A. , Kristiansen Martti H. , Omohundro Mark
Published: October 2020

Context. Magnetic fields are a key component in the main sequence evolution of low mass stars. Flares, energetic eruptions on the surfaces of stars, are an unmistakable manifestation of magnetically driven emission. The occurrence rates and energy distributions of flares trace stellar characteristics such as mass and age. However, before flares can be used to constrain stellar properties, the flaring-age-mass relation requires proper calibration.

Aims. This work sets out to quantify the flaring activity of independently age-dated main sequence stars for a broad range of spectral types using optical light curves obtained by the Kepler satellite.

Methods. Drawing from the complete K2 archive, we searched 3435 ∼80 day long light curves of 2111 open cluster members for flares using the open-source software packages K2SC to remove instrumental and astrophysical variability from K2 light curves, and AltaiPony to search and characterize the flare candidates.

Results. We confirmed a total of 3844 flares on high probability open cluster members with ages from zero age main sequence (Pleiades) to 3.6 Gyr (M 67). We extended the mass range probed in the first study of this series to span from Sun-like stars to mid-M dwarfs. We added the Hyades (690 Myr) to the sample as a comparison cluster to Praesepe (750 Myr), the 2.6 Gyr old Ruprecht 147, and several hundred light curves from the late K2 Campaigns in the remaining clusters. We found that the flare energy distribution was similar in the entire parameter space, following a power law relation with exponent α ≈ 1.84−2.39.

Conclusions. We confirm that flaring rates decline with age, and decline faster for higher mass stars. Our results are in good agreement with most previous statistical flare studies. We find evidence that a rapid decline in flaring activity occurred in M1–M2 dwarfs around the ages of the Hyades and Praesepe, when these stars spun down to rotation periods of about 10 d, while higher mass stars had already transitioned to lower flaring rates and lower mass stars still resided in the saturated activity regime. We conclude that some discrepancies between our results and flare studies that used rotation periods for their age estimates could be explained by sample selection bias toward more active stars, but others may point to the limitations of using rotation as an age indicator without additional constraints from stellar activity.