bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crustal structure of the northern Main Ethiopian Rift from the EAGLE controlled-source survey; a snapshot of incipient lithospheric break-up
Authors: Maguire P.K.H. , Keller G.R. , Klemperer S.L. , Mackenzie G.D. , Keranen K. , Harder S. , O’Reilly B. , Thybo H. , Asfaw L. , Khan M.A. , Amha M.
Published: September 2007

The Ethiopia Afar Geoscientific Lithospheric Experiment (EAGLE) was undertaken to provide a snapshot of lithospheric break-up above a mantle upwelling at the transition between continental and oceanic rifting. The focus of the project was the northern Main Ethiopian Rift (NMER) cutting across the uplifted Ethiopian plateau comprising the Eocene-Oligocene Afar flood basalt province. A major component of EAGLE was a controlled-source seismic survey involving one rift-axial and one cross-rift
c.
400 km profile, and a
c.
100 km diameter 2D array to provide a 3D subsurface image beneath the profiles’ intersection. The resulting seismic data are interpreted in terms of a crustal and sub-Moho P-wave seismic velocity model. We identify four main results: (1) the velocity within the mid- and upper crust varies from 6.1 km s
−1
beneath the rift flanks to 6.6 km s
−1
beneath overlying Quaternary axial magmatic segments, interpreted in terms of the presence of cooled gabbroic bodies arranged en echelon along the axis of the rift; (2) the existence of a high-velocity body (
V
p
7.4 km s
−1
) in the lower crust beneath the northwestern rift flank, interpreted in terms of about 15 km-thick, mafic under-plated/intruded layer at the base of the crust (we suggest this was emplaced during the eruption of Oligocene flood basalts and modified by more recent mafic melt during rifting); (3) the variation in crustal thickness along the NMER axis from
c.
40 km in the SW to
c.
26 km in the NE beneath Afar. This variation is interpreted in terms of the transition from near-continental rifting in the south to a crust in the north that could be almost entirely composed of mantle-derived mafic melt; and (4) the presence of a possibly continuous mantle reflector at a depth of about 15–25 km below the base of the crust beneath both linear profiles. We suggest this results from a compositional or structural boundary, its depth apparently correlated with the amount of extension.
The electrical resistivity structure of the crust beneath the northern Main Ethiopian Rift
Authors: Whaler K.A. , Hautot S.
Published: September 2007

18 audio-frequency magnetotelluric (MT) sites were occupied along a profile across the northern Main Ethiopian Rift. The profile covered the central portion of the Ethiopia Afar Geoscientific Lithospheric Experiment (EAGLE) line 1 along which also a number of broadband seismic receivers were deployed, a controlled-source seismic survey was shot, and gravity data were collected. Here, a two-dimensional model of the MT data is presented and interpreted, and compared with the results of other methods. Shallow structure correlates well with geologically mapped Quaternary to Jurassic age rocks. Within it, a small, shallow conducting lens, at less than 1 km depth, beneath the Boset volcano may represent a magma body. The 100 Θm resistivity contour delineates the seismically inferred upper crust beneath the northern plateau. The Boset magmatic segment is characterized by conductive material extending to at least lower crustal depths. It has high velocity and density in the upper to mid-crust and upper mantle. Thus, all three results suggest a mafic intrusion at depth, with the MT model indicating that it contains partial melt. There is a second, slightly deeper, more conductive body in the lower crust beneath the northern plateau, tentatively interpreted as another zone containing partial melt. The crust is much more resistive beneath the southern plateau, and has no resistivity contrast between the upper and lower crust. The inferred geoelectric strike direction on the plateaus is approximately parallel to the trend of the rift border faults, but rotates northwards slightly within the rift, matching the orientation of the en echelon magmatic segments within it. This follows the change in orientation of the shear wave splitting fast direction.
Northern Main Ethiopian Rift crustal structure from new high-precision gravity data
Authors: Cornwell D.G. , Mackenzie G.D. , England R.W. , Maguire P.K.H. , Asfaw L.M. , Oluma B.
Published: September 2007

We present analysis of new gravity data to produce a 2D crustal and upper mantle density model across the northern Main Ethiopian Rift (NMER). The magmatic NMER is believed to represent the transitional stage between continental and oceanic rifting. We conclude that beneath our profile, magma emplacement into the upper crust occurs in the form of a 20 km-wide body beneath the axis of the rift, and a 12 km-wide off-axis body beneath the NW margin of the rift. These are coincident with Quaternary volcanic chains, anomalies in seismic velocity and conductivity identified by the Ethiopia Afar Geoscientific Lithospheric Experiment (EAGLE) along the same profile. We also identify a shallow, high-density body beneath the axial Boset volcano interpreted as either a dyke zone or a magma reservoir that may have fed Quaternary felsic volcanism. Our results provide supporting evidence for a
c
. 15 km-thick mafic underplate layer beneath the northwestern rift flank, imaged by the EAGLE controlled- and passive-source seismic data. A relatively low-density upper mantle is required beneath the underplate and the rift to produce the long wavelength features of the gravity anomaly. The resulting model suggests that the lithosphere to the SE of the rift is unaffected by rifting processes. Our results combined with those from other EAGLE studies show that magmatic processes dominate rifting in the NMER.
Glycogen content and contraction regulate glycogen synthase phosphorylation and affinity for UDP-glucose in rat skeletal muscles
Authors: Lai Yu-Chiang , Stuenæs Jorid Thrane , Kuo Chia-Hua , Jensen Jørgen
Published: September 2007

Glycogen content and contraction strongly regulate glycogen synthase (GS) activity, and the aim of the present study was to explore their effects and interaction on GS phosphorylation and kinetic properties. Glycogen content in rat epitrochlearis muscles was manipulated in vivo. After manipulation, incubated muscles with normal glycogen [NG; 210.9 ± 7.1 mmol/kg dry weight (dw)], low glycogen (LG; 108.1 ± 4.5 mmol/ kg dw), and high glycogen (HG; 482.7 ± 42.1 mmol/kg dw) were contracted or rested before the studies of GS kinetic properties and GS phosphorylation (using phospho-specific antibodies). LG decreased and HG increased GS Kmfor UDP-glucose (LG: 0.27 ± 0.02 < NG: 0.71 ± 0.06 < HG: 1.11 ± 0.12 mM; P < 0.001). In addition, GS fractional activity inversely correlated with glycogen content ( R = −0.70; P < 0.001; n = 44). Contraction decreased Kmfor UDP-glucose (LG: 0.14 ± 0.01 = NG: 0.16 ± 0.01 < HG: 0.33 ± 0.03 mM; P < 0.001) and increased GS fractional activity, and these effects were observed independently of glycogen content. In rested muscles, GS Ser641and Ser7phosphorylation was decreased in LG and increased in HG compared with NG. GSK-3β Ser9and AMPKα Thr172phosphorylation was not modulated by glycogen content in rested muscles. Contraction decreased phosphorylation of GS Ser641at all glycogen contents. However, contraction increased GS Ser7phosphorylation even though GS was strongly activated. In conclusion, glycogen content regulates GS affinity for UDP-glucose and low affinity for UDP-glucose in muscles with high glycogen content may reduce glycogen accumulation. Contraction increases GS affinity for UDP-glucose independently of glycogen content and creates a unique phosphorylation pattern.
The effect of total starvation and very low energy diet in lean men on kinetics of whole body protein and five hepatic secretory proteins
Authors: Afolabi Paul R. , Jahoor Farook , Jackson Alan A. , Stubbs James , Johnstone Alexander M. , Faber Peter , Lobley Gerald , Gibney Eileen , Elia Marinos
Published: September 2007

It is unclear whether the rate of weight loss, independent of magnitude, affects whole body protein metabolism and the synthesis and plasma concentrations of specific hepatic secretory proteins. We examined 1) whether lean men losing weight rapidly (starvation) show greater changes in whole body protein kinetics, synthesis, and circulating concentrations of selected hepatic secretory proteins than those losing the same amount of weight more slowly [very low energy diet (VLED)]; and 2) whether plasma concentrations and synthetic rates of these proteins are related. Whole body protein kinetics were measured using [1-13C]leucine in 11 lean men (6 starvation, 5 VLED). Fractional and absolute synthetic rates of HDL-apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), retinol binding protein, transthyretin, α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT), and transferrin were measured using a prime-constant intravenous infusion of [13C2]glycine. Compared with VLED group, the starvation group showed greater increases (at a 5% weight loss) in whole body protein oxidation ( P < 0.05); fractional synthetic rates of HDL-apoA1 (25.3 vs. −1.52%; P = 0.003) and retinol binding protein (30.6 vs. 7.1%; P = 0.007); absolute synthetic rates of HDL-apoA1 (7.1 vs. −3.8 mg·kg−1·day−1; P = 0.003) and α1-AT (17.8 vs. 3.6 mg·kg−1·day−1; P = 0.02); and plasma concentration of α1-AT ( P = 0.025). Relationships between synthetic rates and plasma concentrations varied between the secreted proteins. It is concluded that synthetic rates of hepatic secreted proteins in lean men are more closely related to the rate than the magnitude of weight loss. Changes in concentration of these secreted proteins can occur independently of changes in synthetic rates, and vice versa.
Activation by insulin and amino acids of signaling components leading to translation initiation in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs is developmentally regulated
Authors: Suryawan Agus , Orellana Renan A. , Nguyen Hanh V. , Jeyapalan Asumthia S. , Fleming Jillian R. , Davis Teresa A.
Published: September 2007

Insulin and amino acids act independently to stimulate protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs, and the responses decrease with development. The purpose of this study was to compare the separate effects of fed levels of INS and AA on the activation of signaling components leading to translation initiation and how these responses change with development. Overnight-fasted 6- ( n = 4/group) and 26-day-old ( n = 6/ group) pigs were studied during 1) euinsulinemic-euglycemiceuaminoacidemic conditions (controls), 2) euinsulinemic-euglycemichyperaminoacidemic clamps (AA), and 3) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic clamps (INS). INS, but not AA, increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB) and tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2). Both INS and AA increased protein synthesis and the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1, and eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), and these responses were higher in 6-day-old compared with 26-day-old pigs. Both INS and AA decreased the binding of 4E-BP1 to eIF4E and increased eIF4E binding to eIF4G; these effects were greater in 6-day-old than in 26-day-old pigs. Neither INS nor AA altered the composition of mTORC1 (raptor, mTOR, and GβL) or mTORC2 (rictor, mTOR, and GβL) complexes. Furthermore, neither INS, AA, nor age had any effect on the abundance of Rheb and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and eukaryotic elongation factor 2. Our results suggest that the activation by insulin and amino acids of signaling components leading to translation initiation is developmentally regulated and parallels the developmental decline in protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs.
Effects of estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators on vascular reactivity in the perfused mesenteric vascular bed
Authors: Mark Connie J. , Tatchum-Talom Rabelais , Martin Douglas S. , Eyster Kathleen M.
Published: September 2007

Estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), such as raloxifene (RAL) and tamoxifen (TAM), acutely relax arteries, but the long-term effects of estrogens and SERMs on vascular reactivity in the mesenteric vasculature have not been well defined. In this study, we used an isolated, perfused mesenteric vascular bed technique to investigate the effect of chronic treatment of estrogens and SERMs on vascular reactivity of the mesenteric bed. Ovariectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated by gavage with vehicle (control, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin), ethinyl estradiol, estradiol benzoate, equilin (EQ), TAM, or RAL for 3 wk. EQ and TAM increased vasoconstriction in response to all three vasoconstrictors tested (KCl, norepinephrine, and 5-HT). Ethinyl estradiol increased vasoconstriction in response to KCl and 5-HT, whereas responses to estradiol benzoate and RAL were less consistent. Only EQ (134 ± 4 mmHg) and TAM (104 ± 4 mmHg) changed mean arterial blood pressure compared with control (117 ± 4 mmHg). These data demonstrate that 3-wk gavage treatment with estrogens and SERMs affects vascular reactivity in the mesenteric vascular bed. However, the three formulations of estrogen did not produce equivalent effects, and the effects of the SERMs were different from those of the estrogens.
Functional Mapping of GABAB-Receptor Subtypes in the Thalamus
Authors: Ulrich Daniel , Besseyrias Valérie , Bettler Bernhard
Published: September 2007

The thalamus plays an important role in attention mechanisms and the generation of brain rhythms. γ-Aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) receptors are known to regulate the main output neurons of the thalamus, the thalamocortical relay (TCR) cells. However, the contributions of the two predominant GABAB-receptor subtypes, GABAB(1a,2) and GABAB(1b,2), to the control of TCR cell activity are unknown. Here, we used genetic and electrophysiological methods to investigate subtype-specific GABAB effects at the inputs to TCR cells. We found that mainly GABAB(1a,2) receptors inhibit the release of glutamate from corticothalamic fibers impinging onto TCR cells. In contrast, both GABAB(1a,2) and GABAB(1b,2) receptors efficiently inhibit the release of GABA from thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) neurons onto TCR neurons. Likewise, both GABAB(1a,2) and GABAB(1b,2) receptors efficiently activate somatodendritic K+ currents in TCR cells. In summary, our data show that GABAB(1b,2) receptors cannot compensate for the absence of GABAB(1a,2) receptors at glutamatergic inputs to TCR cells. This shows that the predominant association of GABAB(1a,2) receptors with glutamatergic terminals is a feature that is preserved at several brain synapses. Furthermore, our data indicate that the cognitive deficits observed with mice lacking GABAB(1a,2) receptors could to some extent relate to attention deficits caused by disinhibited release of glutamate onto TCR neurons.
Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid activates the integrated stress response pathway in adipocytes
Authors: LaRosa P. Christopher , Riethoven Jean-Jack M. , Chen Han , Xia Yuannan , Zhou You , Chen Mei , Miner Jess , Fromm Michael E.
Published: September 2007

Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12 CLA) causes fat loss in mouse white adipose tissue (WAT) and adipocytes in culture. The early transcriptome changes in treated WAT and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were analyzed using high-density microarrays to better characterize the signaling pathways responding to t10c12 CLA. Gene expression responses between 4 and 24 h after treatment showed a common set of early gene expression changes indicative of an integrated stress response (ISR). The responses of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with t10c12 CLA or adipocytes treated with the cis-9, trans-11 isomer of CLA did not show the ISR, indicating the effect is specific to adipocytes responding to t10c12 CLA. Western blot analysis found increased phosphorylation of eIF2α and increased production of ATF4 confirming at least part of the response to t10c12 CLA is mediated through the ISR pathway. Immunofluorescence microscopy found that the cell type expressing ATF3, an indicator of the ISR, was early stage adipocytes containing oil droplets but lacking the abundant levels of fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) (AP2) found in mature adipocytes. Our data suggests that the ISR precedes and is possibly the cause of the later induction of proinflammatory cytokines observed in t10c12 CLA treated adipocytes. The release of proinflammatory cytokines may explain how the ISR in early stage adipocytes causes lipid loss in mature adipocytes.
The Evaluation Of HGMS for Mineral Processing With a Single Wire
Authors: Watson J. H. P. , Bahaj A. S. , Rassi D.
Published: September 2007

In this short communication it is shown that it is possible
to undertake inexpensive but useful preliminary mineral
studies using single–wire HGMS. Such studies enable an
assessment to be made of the viability of HGMS as a large‐scale
processing technique for particular mineral slurries.
Water Treatment With Recyclable Magnetic Microparticles
Authors: Priestley A. J.
Published: September 2007

Magnetic microparticles with reactive surfaces can
be used to rapidly remove soluble and insoluble materials
from water with the aid of novel contacting systems. This
paper reviews work on the development of a new process, which
uses specially pretreated finely divided particles of magnetite
to remove colloidal material from a raw water. This
process has now reached the commercial stage, with the design,
construction and operation of a 35 M1/day demonstration plant.
Magnetic Separation in Finland
Authors: Kokkala Matti , Meinander Tor
Published: September 2007

Research and development, manufacturing and industrial
applications of magnetic separation in Finland are reviewed.
The Use of Magnetic Microspheres for the Removal of TumourCells From Bone Marrow
Authors: Treleaven Jennifer G. , Gibson Frances M. , Ugelstad John , Rembau Alan , Keshead John T.
Published: September 2007

A technique for the removal of tumour cells from
bone marrow is described. This involves rendering the tumour
cells ‘magnetic’ by attaching them to magnetite–containing
microspheres by a double layer of antibody. Bone marrow conraining
these ‘magnetic’ tumour cells is then passed through
a system of magnets so that the tumour cells are drawn out of
the bone marrow. Treated bone marrow may then be reinfused
into the patient from which it was taken.
Magnetic Separation in Romania
Authors: Rezlescu Nicolae , Bradu Elena-Brandusa , Iacob Gheorghe , Badescu Vasile , Iacob Lavinia
Published: September 2007

The utilization of the magnetic separators of foreign and Romanian source is presented and the most
important achievements in research, engineering design and manufacturing activity concerning the magnetic separation in Romania are reviewed.
Mathematical and Experimental Modelling of High‐Gradient Magnetic Separation on Rod Matrices
Authors: Jahoda Karel , Hencl Vladimir
Published: September 2007

The use of new mathematical and experimental modelling of the HGMS process is described. Mathematical modelling, complemented by some experimentally determined values, was found to permit the determination, with a high reliability, of process parameters, even for industrial‐scale conditions.
The Selection and Application of Magnetic Separation Euipment. Part I
Authors: Morgan D. G. , Bronkala W. J.
Published: September 2007

A survey of magnetic separators and of their
selection in applications for tramp iron removal is
given. Magnetic pulleys, suspended magnets, drum magnetic
separators, plate and grate magnets are
described and selection procedures are outlined.
Application of Superconducting Magnets to MagneticSeparation. Some Selected Aspects.
Authors: Cieśla Antoni
Published: September 2007

One of the possible magnetic separation processes, the highgradient
magnetic separation, is analysed. Mathematical model of separation
for two alternative constructions, namely deflecting and matrix separators, is
presented. The model enables the efficiency of separation to be analysed as a
function of selected parameters. The performance of the matrix separator, as
well as the phenomena that take place during the matrix replacement are
described. Computed values of the magnetic force acting on the matrix that
moves in the magnetic field are presented. A laboratory superconducting
magnetic separator is described.
Application of Rare Earth Magnets in Mineral Processing
Authors: Wells I. S. , Rowson N. A.
Published: September 2007

Recent advances in permanent magnet technology have led to the
development of a new generation of permanent rare earth industrial
magnetic separators. The excellent separation efficiency of these rare earth
magnetic separators has reselted in them superceeding conventional
electromagnetic high‐intensity magnetic separators for many applications.
One example of this technology is the Boxmag‐Rapid Magnaroll magnetic
separator which has been successfully installed for mineral processing
applications. Research work is also presented, utilizing the Magnaroll in a
novel application of removing ash and pyritic sulphur from coal samples.
Electric Diffusion of Mono and Polydisperse Polarizable Particles in an Electric Field
Authors: Zimmels Y.
Published: September 2007

Thermodynamic analysis of nonuniform dispersion of electrically polarizable particles in electric fields is presented. Extensive and intensive energy formulations are used to derive forces that generate electric diffusion and the corresponding diffusion coefficients. Results obtained for monodisperse systems are extended to polydisperse particle mixtures, and transformation of diffusion coefficient from the fluid to the dispersion frame of reference is provided. Finally, differential diffusion of polydisperse particles can constitute the basis for their separation in electric fields.
The Application of Superconducting Magnet Systemsto Dry Magnetic Separation of Coal
Authors: Pitel J. , Chovanec F. , Hencl V.
Published: September 2007

Two laboratory‐scale facilities for dry magnetic separation using
superconducting magnet systems are described. The results of magnetic
separation of pulverized coal samples from various open‐cast mines in
Czechoslovakia, using these facilities, are presented. The efficiency of both
open‐gradient and high‐gradient magnetic separation techniques, together
with pretreatment of coal samples, are discussed.
Influence of Polar Surface Forces on MagneticFlocculation of Fine Paramagnetic Minerals. II. Experiment.
Authors: Škvarla Jiří
Published: September 2007

A model of interaction of colloids, taking into account the polar
surface forces, has been applied to magnetic flocculation of siderite
suspension in the presence of sodium oleate and sodium dodecylsulphate.
Corona–Electrostatic Separation: An Efficient Technique for the Recovery of Metals and Plastics From Industrial Wastes
Authors: Dascalescu L. , Iuga A. , Morar R.
Published: September 2007

Better management of secondary resources, such as copper,
aluminium and plastics from electric wire and cable waste requires
improved methods of processing of reusable materials. This paper presents
three typical examples of recycling technologies, each of them using the
capability of electric fields to sort metallic and insulating materials from
granular mixture. The efficiency of corona–electrostatic separation as a
basic operation of a recycling flowsheet has been demonstrated for feedrates
not exceeding 200 kg/hour. At the same time, it has been proved that
electroseparation can represent a complement to conventional air–gravity
separation of metals and insulators from industrial wastes. The in–plant
tests provided useful information for a customs–design of
corona–electrostatic separators.
Analysis of a Cyclic Action of the Superconducting Matrix Separator
Authors: Cieśla Antoni
Published: September 2007

An essential feature of a matrix separator is the cyclic course of
operation. It results from periodic renewal of accumulative properties of
the matrix after its loading with magnetic material. The cleaning of the
matrix takes place when the magnet is out of action or the matrix is outside
the field, both of these methods are critical problems for the functioning of
the direct current superconducting magnet which is the source of the
magnetic field in the separator. These problems are related to power losses
in the winding and, as a result, to temperature rise in the superconductor.
A mathematical model which enables to compute variation ranges of the
parameters of the separator is presented in this paper. These ranges appoint
specifications of safe (i.e. failure–free) operation of the separator under
dynamic conditions. The results of the analysis of the parameters of the
current supply as well as the matrix velocity (when it is moved within the
separator channel) are presented. The analytical findings will be compared
with experimental observations.
The Selection and Application of Magnetic Separation Equipment. Part II.
Authors: Morgan D. G. , Bronkala W. J.
Published: September 2007

A survey of magnetic separators and of their selection in
application for concentration and purification is given. Wet and dry
low–intensity drum separators, magnetic pulleys, induced magnetic roll
separator and cross–belt separator are described and selection procedures
are outlined.
New Development of the Slon vertical Ring and Pulsation HGMS Separator
Authors: Da–he Xiong
Published: September 2007

SLON–1000 and SLON 1500 vertical ring and pulsation
high–gradient mgnetic separators have been developed in recent years.
Because of their ability to trent fine weakly magnetic minerals they are
being rapidly applied in several mineral processing plants to treat
oxidised iron ores. In this paper, their structure, working principles and
new applications will be described.
Transport of Ferromagnetic Particles Using Alternating Magnetic Fields
Authors: Flores H. R. , Leal P.
Published: September 2007

This paper presents a developed technique for a magnetic
transporter which employs a moving magnetic field to transport
ferromagnetic particles or to rotate ferromagnetic slurries. Such a field is
produced by a conventional stator of a linear (or rotary) induction motor
with iron cores, and appropriate copper windings.
Simultaneous Increase in the Grade and the Recovery of Iron in HGMS by Controlling Magnetic Susceptibility of the Separation Medium
Authors: Ulubabov R. S. , Karmazin V. I. , Royzen Z. D. , Dementev V. V. , Mostipan L. F.
Published: September 2007

The application of high–gradient magnetic separation to the
beneficiation of oxidised iron quartzites is complicated by the presence of a
wide range of magnetic properties associated with fine dissemination of
iron–containing minerals. It has been observed that an increase in the
recovery of iron and in the grade of the concentrate can be achieved by
controlling the magnetic susceptibility of the slurry by avoiding the
overgrinding of the ore. In this way the recovery of iron has been increased
by 3% and the grade of the concentrate by 2.3%.
The Influence of The Radiation PrE—Treatmenton Electrical Properties of Minerals
Authors: Florek Ivan , Murová Ingrid
Published: September 2007

The radiation pre—treatment process makes possible the mineral
properties modifications. In this paper theoretical principles of the influence
of the radiation pre—treatment by means of accelerated electrons on the
electrical conductivity and permittivity of selected minerals is analysed.
The changes of specific conductivity, as well as permittivity in dependence
on the radiation dose and the grain size of minerals are introduced. On the
basis of these data the conditions of the above mentioned physical
quantities changes using the radiation pre—treatment from the mineral
processing improvement point of view are defined.
The Effect of Friction With the Collecting Surface on the Build–Up Mass in the Axial HGMS Configuration
Authors: Rezlescu Nicolae , Iacob Gh. , Iacob L. , Badescu V.
Published: September 2007

The influence of the roughness of a plane collecting surface on the
amount of the magnetically intercepted deposit in axial high–gradient
magnetic separation configuration was studied. It has been experimentally
established that capture surfaces with different levels of roughness, i.e. with
different friction coefficients, lead to different build–up capacities.
Theoretical description is based on the fact that the condition that the
friction force exceeds hydrodynamic drag force, i.e. Ff ≥ Fd is satisfied in a
region of the capture surface whose width depends on the friction
coefficient.
Recovery of Manganese From Slimes by High–Intensity Magnetic Separation
Authors: Lomovtsev L. A. , Nikolaenko K. V. , Davydov Yu. A. , Kazantsev A. P. , Tarasenko A. L.
Published: September 2007

Production–scale application of the high–gradient magnetic
separator VMS 100/2 to the recovery of manganese from the plant railings
is described. It has been found that in one–stage separation the
concentrate containing 25 to 28% Mn can be obtained, with the recovery of
65.6%. In a two–stage process the grade of the concentrate was 31.7% with
the recovery of 55.8% The final cleaning of the manganese concentrate
yielded a product with the grade of 35 to 41% Mn.
The Centrifugal Separation of Fine Minerals
Authors: Lepekhin V. M. , Borzov V. L. , Yaramenko V. N.
Published: September 2007

This paper describes a magnetofluid separator which is able to
divide, with high accuracy, fine non–magnetic particles of raw materials,
based on density.
Treatment of Red Mud From Alumina Production by High–Intensity Magnetic Separation
Authors: Fofana Mohamad , Kmet Stanislav , Jakabský ŠTefan , Hredzák Slavomír , Kunhalmi Gabriel
Published: September 2007

The paper gives attention to the possibilities of magnetic
separation of red mud. The red mud can be characterised as an insoluble
residue originated during the bayer method application in bauxite
processing. Sample of red mud was obtained by leaching of bauxite from the
Fria deposit (Guinea). The wet method of high–intensity magnetic
separation was applied to the treatment. The magnetic product with the Fe
content of 47% and recovery of 85% was obtained under magnetic field
induction of 0.06 Tesla. The best results of magnetic separation were
achieved by treating the size fraction–125 μm + 90 μm.
Development of a Combined Gravity–Magnetic SepaitationProcess for Magnesite ORE Using HGMS
Authors: Ignjatović M. R. , ćAlić N. , Marković Z. S. , Ignjatović R.
Published: September 2007

Most magnesite deposits in Yugoslavia contain serpentine and
olivine as impurities. Heavy medium separation is used for the beneficiation
of raw magnesite ore with particle size greater than 0.35 ram. The results of
investigations reported in this work indicate a possibility of efficient
removal of serpentine and olivine using HGMS and superconducting
magnetic separators for fines smaller than 0.35 ram. Based on these results
a new technological process for magnesite upgrading was established. The
process combines the gravity and magnetic separation processes for
treatment of raw material, as well as for magnesite after its
decarbonisation. It is possible to upgrade the magnesite fines below 0.35
mm which are rejected from the conventional processes. The grade of the
magnesite concentrate of 98% and above may be obtained using this
process.
The Utilization of the Tailings From Wet Magnetic Separation at the Krivoy Rog Gok
Authors: Khvatov U. A. , Armashova Z. P. , Maly V. M. , Gardash N. K. , Kolos V. P. , Knyazhitsky Yu. A. , Kaptilaya L. V. , Sheludko V. P.
Published: September 2007

A new technique of beneficiation of tailings from the Krivoy Rog
magnetite ore is described. By employing a high–intensity separator, the
iron–rich and iron–poor products are obtained. These products can be used
in building industry: the iron‐rich fraction can be used as a correction
component of a raw material in the production of the portland cement
clinker, as a replacement for the pyrite cinder. The iron–poor product can
be used for the manufacture of bricks and other building materials.
Panel Discussion on Units in Magnetism
Authors: Goldfarb R. B.
Published: September 2007

An evening panel discussion on magnetic units, attended by 150 participants, was
held at the 1994 Joint MMM–Intermag Conference in Albuquerque, New Mexico,
USA. The session was organized by C.D. Graham, Jr., and moderated by R.B.
Goldfarb. The panel members were asked to describe the use of magnetic units in
their countries, and to make appropriate comments and recommendations. In
addition to units, several panelists talked about distinction between magnetic
induction B and magnetic field strength H, and the conversion of equations. After
the panelists′ opening statements, the floor was opened for questions and
discussion from the audience. Below are the panelists′ summaries of their remarks.
By agreement with authors, this article is not subject to copyright.
Magnetogravimetric Separation in a Rotational Device
Authors: Bunge R. C. , Fuerstenau D. W.
Published: September 2007

Magnetogravimetric separation in a rotational device is a promising method
for effecting sharp separation of minerals according to density. Separation is
accomplished by two competing forces with opposite directions, namely the
magnetic buoyancy and the centrifugal force. Magnetic buoyancy is
experienced by particles which are suspended in a magnetic fluid when
exposed to a non—homogeneous magnetic field. Since the magnetic
buoyancy depends on particle volume whereas the centrifugal depends on
particle mass, a purely gravimetric separation of non—magnetic particles
can be accomplished. The process is able to achieve separation split—points
up to densities of 20 g/cm3, but separation sharpness decreases with fine
particle sizes. On a laboratory scale, magnetogravimetric separators can be
used as an alternative to heavy liquid separation, and in industrial plants
they may have promise as the final cleaning stage in gravity concentration
circuits of precious metals.
Magnetic Flocculation of Hematite Minerals
Authors: Shao Y. , Veasey T. J. , Rowson N. A.
Published: September 2007

The magnetic flocculation behaviour of two kinds of iron oxide mineral
(hematite—1 and hematite—2) was studied by using a new experimental device, in
which a stirred container was set in an applied magnetic field. Magnetic
flocculation of both minerals occurred in very low applied magnetic fields.
Hematite—1 is a strongly paramagnetic mineral, the flocculation recovery improved
with increased magnetic field strength and particle size. For hematite—2 the
relationship between the flocculation recovery and magnetic field strength was
more complex. It was also found that the method used conventionally to calculate
the magnetic interaction between particles is not suitable for strongly
paramagnetic minerals, such as hematite—1.
Research of Processes and Development of Separatorsfor Metal Recovery From Metallurgical Slags
Authors: Vlasov Vladimir N.
Published: September 2007

This article relates to the analysis of formation and the metal content of slag,
generalised data from enterprises on yield and treatment of slags. Test results of
the metal content determination in slag dumps, slag granulometric composition,
its physical and chemical properties, as well as results of experimental
investigation of metal recovery process from slags are presented. Dependences of
metal recovery on slagging, granulometric composition and magnetic field
parameters of separators were obtained. Electromagnetic separators were
developed. Results of technological research carried out under industrial conditions
of metal removal from slags, metal scrap cleaning from mineral component are
examined in this article.
Magnetic Treatment of Water: Possible Mechanismsand Conditions for Applications
Authors: Kochmarsky V.
Published: September 2007

In this paper, fundamental properties and parameters of water
molecules, fine “structure” of water, hydration of ions and nature of the
hydrogen bond are reviewed. A model is outlined of possible mechanisms of
the effect of relatively weak magnetic fields on the statistically mean
number of hydrogen bonds between water molecules, as a result of
forbidden triplet—singlet transitions in the Zeeman electron—proton
multiplets of the water molecule and its near surroundings. The effect of
the influence of the magnetic field on the ion—colloidal subsystems of
aqueous environment are analysed. It is shown that the energy of magnetic
dipole interaction of colloidal particles of the magnetite type is sufficient for
their flocculation and concentration in areas of high gradient of the
magnetic field, and for their stability against hydrodynamic disruption of
the flocs, possible centres of crystallisation of CaCO3 On the basis of the
proposed calculations, and also based on data presented by other
authors,particularly from ex—Soviet Union, conditions and regimes of
anti—scale magnetic treatment of water are reviewed.
Theoretical Assessment of Technological Potential of Magnetic and Electrical Separation
Authors: Karmazin V. V.
Published: September 2007

Magnetic, electrical an combined methods of mineral beneficiation are
widely used in various branches of mining industry. These processes have
significant economic and ecological advantages in those areas where they
can be applied technologically. It is thus necessary to analyse technological
possibilities and areas of potential applications. Different designs of the
separators must also be considered. Such an attempt is being done in this
article based on the assessment of the level of different types of
electromagnetic forces and their role in the force regimes of mineral
separation. Fundamental directions and limitations of increasing the
efficiency of forces of the electromagnetic origin used for mineral separation.
Equations for the calculation of these forces are also given. Contribution of
the magnetic moment of the particles (magnetoadhesive forces) is also
included.
Continuous Barrier Separation of Weakly Magnetic Ores in the Field of Repulsive Magnetic Force
Authors: Turkenich A. M. , Lapshin E. S. , Dudnik V. I.
Published: September 2007

A new method of continuous HIMS with repulsive magnetic force has been
worked out. It creates a separator with an output similar to that of rotary
separators and with higher recovery of the magnetic fraction. The
separators operates without any moving parts. Results of investigation of
this method are summarised.
Laboratory Investigations of the Assessment and Preconcentration of Coastal Sillimanite
Authors: Rao R. Bhima
Published: September 2007

India has a high demand for refractory minerals. Sillimanite is one of the
minerals having high refractory characteristics. In this paper, the
availability of sillimanite along the coastal belt of Orissa coast and its
laboratory beneficiation tests are discussed. The results indicate that +0.5
mm contain shell, 2.8 s.g. floats contain quartz, magnetic heavies contain
ilmenite and garnet and the non—magnetic heavies contain mainly
sillimanite. The raw sand contains 4% sillimanite and the preconcentrated
non—magnetic heavies contain 55 to 65% sillimanite. This product after
flotation is suitable for industrial use.
Ferrofluids‐ Magnetisable Liquids and Their Application in Density Separation
Authors: Odenbach Stefan
Published: September 2007

Stable suspensions of magnetic particles exhibit specific features making them an innovative
liquid material for numerous applications as well as for basic research. In particular
ferrofluids can be used for density separation of non‐magnetic materials immersed in
the liquid under the influence of magnetic fields. In this article the basic properties and
applications of ferrofluids will be reviewed, and the principles of magnetic density
separation will be discussed on the basis of the available literature. In addition we will try
to show the possibility and problems of a commercial use of this technique.
An Analytic Solution for the Force Between Two Magnetic Dipoles
Authors: Yung Kar W. , Landecker Peter B. , Villani Daniel D.
Published: September 2007

An analytic equation describing the force between two magnetic dipoles is derived in this
paper. We assumed that the dipole sizes are small compared to their separation. A Taylor
expansion for the first non‐zero term was performed in order to derive the magnetic force
analytic expression. Vector differential and path integral derivation approaches are used,
and the same result is achieved with both methods. This force decreases with the fourth
power of the distance between the dipoles. Accuracy estimates due to the Taylor
approximation are given.
Some Numerical and Experimental Results on a Magnetic Filtration (HGMF‐Transversal) Cell With Bounded Flow Field
Authors: Rotariu O. , Rezlescu Nicolae , Murariu V. , Bădescu V.
Published: September 2007

In this paper we discuss some numerical and experimental results
obtained for a magnetic filtration cell with bounded flow field which works in
the HGMF‐transversal configuration. The numerical results have been
obtained by analyzing the particle trajectories in very diluted suspensions,
for which the inertia of the particles and the magnetic and hydrodynamic
interactions between particles were neglected. The experimental data were
obtained by using suspensions of fine particles with magnetic susceptibilities
around 5.10-4uSI. Here a comparison between the two categories of
results is made for a large range of constructive and operational parameters.
The Behavior of Dissolved Oxygen in Gas Oil Using High GradientMagnetic Field
Authors: Arima Harunobu , Muto Hajime , Jeyadevan Barachandran , Ymamaguchi Kunihiko , Takahashi Isao , Fujita Toyohisa
Published: September 2007

In recent years, considerable attention is being focused on environmental problems. In the
case of gas pollution, exhaust gases from automobiles is an area that needs a solution to
keep the environment clean. In order to solve this problem, we have proposed an
improvement of combustion efficiency through the control of the dissolved oxygen
concentration of gas oil by treatment in a high gradient magnetic field. In this paper, we
report the results of a basic study on the control of the dissolved oxygen concentration in a
gas oil. Here, the gas oil maintained at different conditions is passed through a low volume
percentage of iron particle chains exposed to the magnetic field of 1 T. Determination of
the dissolved oxygen concentration of the gas oil exposed to the magnetic field indicated
a reduction in the dissolved oxygen concentration.
About the Equations of Motion of a Magnetic Particle in a Magnetic Separator
Authors: Mostika Yu. S. , Karmazin V. I. , Shutov V. Yu. , Grebenyuk L. Z.
Published: September 2007

Equations of motion of magnetic particles in the flow medium near a cylindrical ferromagnetic
collector have been developed. A vector equation, expressing the balance of the
inertia force and the vector sum of three forces: the magnetic, the gravitational and
the hydrodynamic drag force of a particle was taken as the initial equation. Reduced
equations obtained from the initial one by rejection of terms corresponding to the inertia
or the gravitational force were also considered. Examples of numerical evaluation in
which the motion trajectories calculated with the use of the initial equation were compared
with the reduced equations of motion are given.
Effects of Microwave Radiation Upon the Mineralogy and MagneticProcessing of a Massive Norwegian Ilmenite Ore
Authors: Kingman S. W. , Corfield G. M. , Rowson N. A.
Published: September 2007

The effect of microwave radiation upon the mineralogy and magnetic processing of a
massive Norwegian ilmenite ore is presented. Short exposure to microwave radiation has
been demonstrated to cause fractures within the ore matrix. Increased exposure to
microwave radiation is shown to cause localised sample melting. The microwave treated
samples have subsequently undergone a multi‐stage magnetic separation process which
produced concentrates of significantly higher grade and also better recovery of valuable
mineral, when compared to those that are nontreated. Conclusions are made regarding
further development and implementation of this technology.
The Physical Model of Magnetic Separation in a Plate Separator
Authors: Brożek M.
Published: September 2007

The results of magnetic separation depend on many factors, such as physical properties of
particles of the separated mixture, magnetic intensity, particle sizes, separation conditions
(constant or alternating field, dry or wet separation) and others. The formulae representing
the dependence of separation results on the above mentioned factors are obtained from the
model. The mathematical model presents only some general dependences of separations
results on time or length of the separation path. A complete picture of the internal structure
of the model is achieved by the analysis of process on the level ofa single particle, including
the particles interactions. The paper presents a stochastic model of separation exemplified by a plate separator and
its complement in the form of a physical model of separation. This model gives analytical
formulae of the dependence of the specific length of the separation path and the content of
the magnetic component in the magnetic product on the physical properties of particles,
intensity of magnetic field and particle size. The experimental verification of the dependence
of the specific length of the separation path on the particle size ofmixture was given.
The Assessment of the Applicability of a Model of Noninertial Motion of a Particle in a Magnetic Separator
Authors: Mostika Yu. S. , Karmazin V. I. , Shutov V. Yu. , Grebenyuk L. Z.
Published: September 2007

Using two models, namely the initial differential equation of motion and the reduced equation
obtained from the initial one by neglecting the inertial force comparative calculations
of the capture cross section of paramagnetic particles by a cylindrical ferromagnetic
collector (a wire) were carried out. For various combinations of the particle diameter, the
wire diameter, medium flow velocity, strength of the magnetic field, the error in the capture
cross section caused by neglecting the inertial force in the equations of motion was determined.
Approximate formulae for the determination of this error and of the ratio of the
inertial force to the magnetic force as a function of the main separation parameters were
proposed.
Novel Magnetic Microand Nanoparticles for Biomedical Separation and as Means for a New Approach to Aids Therapy
Authors: Müller-Schulte Detlef
Published: September 2007

The separation principle and the advantage of using magnetic polymer particles in
bioseparation is elucidated. After a short review of the presently used diverse magnetic
microparticles as well as the basic differences of micro‐ and nanosized magnetic particles
with regards to their physical properties in bio‐separation, preparation and application
of novel magnetic microparticles prepared from polyvinylalcohol are described. The
performance of the novel product and their superior properties over established products
in diverse bioseparation tests are shown. Furthermore, nanoparticles used for a new
AIDS therapy approach are described. The basic principle is explained by which the
AIDS virus (HIV) is destroyed through heat generated by inductively heated magnetic
nanoparticles, which are specifically attached to the virus. Inductive heating tests with
model magnetic colloids show that the required temperatures of > 50°C can easily be
achieved.