bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High dissociatives, nature versus nurture?
Authors: Pérez-Fabello María José , Campos Alfredo
Published: January 2022

Non-pathological dissociative experiences are common among the general population, and anyone may experience them to some degree. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the degree of dissociative experiences such as fantasy proneness, imagination, and absorption in fine arts undergraduates prior to beginning their artistic studies, and at the end of their studies at the faculty of fine arts. Moreover, education undergraduates were used as a comparison group. The sample consisted of 440 undergraduates (204 fine arts, and 236 education undergraduates; 224 first-year undergraduates, and 216 fourth-year undergraduates), who were administered three dissociative experiences tests: Dissociative Ability Scale, Dissociative Experiences Scale, and Questionnaire of Experiences of Dissociation. The working hypotheses were substantiated with dissociative experiences being a distinctive personality trait of fine arts undergraduates. We have found a grade level difference between first-year and fourth-year fine arts undergraduates, although the study does not examine the nature of the change itself. The results are discussed in the light of previous studies, and new lines of research proposed.
Foliation of an Asymptotically Flat End by Critical Capacitors
Authors: Fall Mouhammed Moustapha , Minlend Ignace Aristide , Ratzkin Jesse
Published: January 2022

We construct a foliation of an asymptotically flat end of a Riemannian manifold by hypersurfaces which are critical points of a natural functional arising in potential theory. These hypersurfaces are perturbations of large coordinate spheres, and they admit solutions of a certain over-determined boundary value problem involving the Laplace–Beltrami operator. In a key step we must invert the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator, highlighting the nonlocal nature of our problem.
Partial Regularity for Harmonic Maps into Spheres at a Singular or Degenerate Free Boundary
Authors: Moser Roger , Roberts James
Published: January 2022

We prove partial regularity of weakly stationary harmonic maps with (partially) free boundary data on manifolds where the domain metric may degenerate or become singular along the free boundary at the rate $$d^\alpha $$

d
α

for the distance function d from the boundary.
Temporal observation of endoscopic and histological findings of gastritis after administration of an immune checkpoint inhibitor: a case report
Authors: Saito Keita , Ozono Daiki , Nagumo Hironobu , Yoshimura Masayo , Masuzawa Yoko
Published: January 2022

A 71-year-old Japanese man was treated with 200 mg of pembrolizumab for lung adenocarcinoma with multiple bone metastases at the Department of Respiratory Medicine of Kameda General Hospital. After 19 treatment courses, he complained of epigastric pain before meals. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed multiple erosions in the gastric antrum, and antacids were administered at follow-up. After 27 treatment courses, the patient underwent another endoscopy because of anorexia. The erosions were enlarged and had increased from the gastric antrum to the greater curvature of the body. Histological biopsy showed lymphocytic infiltration with a predominance of CD8-positive T cells. The patient had previously been treated for Helicobacter pylori infection, and we suspected drug-induced gastritis due to the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the course of the disease. Pembrolizumab was discontinued, and the patient’s symptoms gradually improved. Endoscopic examinations were performed 2, 5, and 9 months after discontinuation of pembrolizumab, and improvement in mucosal findings and decreased lymphocyte infiltration were confirmed each time. The patient has remained without any relapse of symptoms for more than 1 year after discontinuing treatment.
Introduction of a new scoring tool to identify clinically stable heart failure patients
Authors: Gingele A. J. , Brandts L. , Brunner-La Rocca H. P. , Cleuren G. , Knackstedt C. , Boyne J. J. J.
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Heart failure (HF) poses a burden on specialist care, making referral of clinically stable HF patients to primary care a desirable goal. However, a structured approach to guide patient referral is lacking.

Methods

The Maastricht Instability Score—Heart Failure (MIS-HF) questionnaire was developed to objectively stratify the clinical status of HF patients: patients with a low MIS-HF (0–2 points, indicating a stable clinical condition) were considered for treatment in primary care, whereas high scores (> 2 points) indicated the need for specialised care. The MIS-HF was evaluated in 637 consecutive HF patients presenting between 2015 and 2018 at Maastricht University Medical Centre.

Results

Of the 637 patients, 329 (52%) had a low score and 205 of these 329 (62%) patients were referred to primary care. The remaining 124 (38%) patients remained in secondary care. Of the 308 (48%) patients with a high score (> 2 points), 265 (86%) remained in secondary care and 41 (14%) were referred to primary care. The primary composite endpoint (mortality, cardiac hospital admissions) occurred more frequently in patients with a high compared to those with a low MIS-HF after 1 year of follow-up (29.2% vs 10.9%; odds ratio (OR) 3.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.20–5.14). No significant difference in the composite endpoint (9.8% vs 12.9%; OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.36–1.47) was found between patients with a low MIS-HF treated in primary versus secondary care.

Conclusion

The MIS-HF questionnaire may improve referral policies, as it helps to identify HF patients that can safely be referred to primary care.
Ultrasound-Induced Release of Nimodipine from Drug-Loaded Block Copolymer Micelles: In Vivo Analysis
Authors: Döring Katja , Sperling Swetlana , Ninkovic Milena , Schroeder Henning , Fischer André , Stadelmann Christine , Streit Frank , Binder Lutz , Mielke Dorothee , Rohde Veit , Malinova Vesna
Published: January 2022

Nimodipine prevents cerebral vasospasm and improves functional outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The beneficial effect is limited by low oral bioavailability of nimodipine, which resulted in an increasing use of nanocarriers with sustained intrathecal drug release in order to overcome this limitation. However, this approach facilitates only a continuous and not an on-demand nimodipine release during the peak time of vasospasm development. In this study, we aimed to assess the concept of controlled drug release from nimodipine-loaded copolymers by ultrasound application in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Nimodipine-loaded copolymers were produced with the direct dissolution method. Vasospasm of the CAM vessels was induced by means of ultrasound (Physiomed, continuous wave, 3 MHz, 1.0 W/cm2). The ultrasound-mediated nimodipine release (Physiomed, continuous wave, 1 MHz, 1.7 W/cm2) and its effect on the CAM vessels were evaluated. Measurements of vessel diameter before and after ultrasound-induced nimodipine release were performed using ImageJ. The CAM model could be successfully carried out in all 25 eggs. After vasospasm induction and before drug release, the mean vessel diameter was at 57% (range 44–61%) compared to the baseline diameter (set at 100%). After ultrasound-induced drug release, the mean vessel diameter of spastic vessels increased again to 89% (range 83–91%) of their baseline diameter, which was significant (p = 0.0002). We were able to provide a proof of concept for in vivo vasospasm induction by ultrasound application in the CAM model and subsequent resolution by ultrasound-mediated nimodipine release from nanocarriers. This concept merits further evaluation in a rat SAH model.

Graphical abstract
An Evaluation of Whole-School Trauma-Informed Training Intervention Among Post-Primary School Personnel: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: MacLochlainn Justin , Kirby Karen , McFadden Paula , Mallett John
Published: January 2022

Students’ ability to reach their potential in school—both behaviourally and academically – is linked to their educator’s knowledge of child and adolescent development, childhood adversity and trauma, and how these impact learning and behaviour. However, teacher pre-service training programmes often offer inadequate instruction to meet the needs of trauma-impacted students. The purpose of the study was to investigate the benefits of professional development training in trauma-informed approaches on school personnel attitudes and compassion fatigue. There is a paucity of research on whole-school trauma-informed approaches and most have methodological limitations via the absence of a control group. In addressing this gap, the study is one of the first to utilise a control group in the research design to ensure findings are robust. The study utilised a quasi-experimental wait-list control pre-post intervention design to evaluate the efficacy of trauma-informed professional development training. We compared attitudes and compassion fatigue among 216 school personnel (n = 98 intervention, n = 118 comparison) utilising the Attitudes Related to Trauma-Informed Care (ARTIC) scale and the Professional Quality of Life scale (Pro-QoL). Quantitative data was supplemented by qualitative focus group data. Findings demonstrated that school-personnel within the intervention group reported significant improvements in attitudes related to trauma-informed care, and a significant decrease in burnout at 6-month follow-up. Our findings demonstrate that with minimum training on the dynamics of trauma, personnel attached to a school can become more trauma-informed and have more favourable attitudes towards trauma-impacted students and consequently be less likely to experience burnout.
Intuitionistic fuzzy-valued neutrosophic multi-sets and numerical applications to classification
Authors: Ünver Mehmet , Türkarslan Ezgi , elik Nuri , Olgun Murat , Ye Jun
Published: January 2022

A single-valued neutrosophic multi-set is characterized by a sequence of truth membership degrees, a sequence of indeterminacy membership degrees and a sequence of falsity membership degrees. Nature of a single-valued neutrosophic multi-set allows us to consider multiple information in the truth, indeterminacy and falsity memberships which is pretty useful in multi-criteria group decision making. In this paper, we consider sequences of intuitionistic fuzzy values instead of numbers to define the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy-valued neutrosophic multi-set. In this manner, such a set gives more powerful information. We also present some set theoretic operations and a partial order for intuitionistic fuzzy-valued neutrosophic sets and provide some algebraic operations between intuitionistic fuzzy-valued neutrosophic values. Then, we develop two types of weighted aggregation operators with the help of intuitionistic fuzzy t-norms and t-conorms. By considering some well-known additive generators of ordinary t-norms, we give the Algebraic weighted arithmetic and geometric aggregation operators and the Einstein weighted arithmetic and geometric aggregation operators that are the particular cases of the weighted aggregation operators defined via general t-norms and t-conorms. We also define a simplified neutrosophic valued similarity measure and we use a score function for simplified neutrosophic values to rank similarities of intuitionistic fuzzy-valued neutrosophic multi-values. Finally, we give an algorithm to solve classification problems using intuitionistic fuzzy-valued neutrosophic multi-values and proposed aggregation operators and we apply the theoretical part of the paper to a real classification problem.
Vegetation attributes drive the taxonomic richness and functional composition of beetles and spiders in mountainous urban green spaces
Authors: Damptey Frederick Gyasi , Frimpong Bernard Fosu , Debrah Daniel Kwame , Agro Prince Pascal , Wiafe Edward Debrah
Published: January 2022

Urban green spaces (UGS) enhance the quality of life in urban environments and serve as habitat corridors or refuge for organisms, including beetles and spiders. The attributes of UGS allow them to harbour species that offer essential ecosystem services. However, the ability of UGS to provide services is limited by the extent to which they have been altered anthropogenically. We described the taxonomic richness and functional composition of arthropods in a mountainous urban ecosystem of Ghana by focussing on the activity of both beetles and spiders at the family level. Two main land-use types (woodlands and built-up areas) were identified and characterised based on the presence or absence of certain vegetation attributes. Sixteen plots in each land-use type with sizes 20 × 20 m were demarcated and fitted with four pitfall traps in each plot to sample continuously for eight weeks, the activity density of both beetles and spiders. Samples were sorted into families and functional groups (detritivores, fungivores, herbivores and predators). The taxonomic richness and activity density were both significantly higher in the woodlands than in the built-up areas. Similarly, all functional groups showed a higher affinity to the woodlands than the built-up areas. Habitat attributes defined by plant diversity and structural complexity were the underlying drivers explaining the differences in arthropod communities between the land-use types. Though the built-up areas seem degraded and open, the remaining small vegetation patches still support the activities of some taxa that should merit the protection of such remnant vegetation in urban ecosystems.
Where Do Shareholder Gains in Hedge Fund Activism Come From? Evidence From Employee Pension Plans
Authors: Agrawal Anup , Lim Yuree
Published: January 2022

We find that defined benefit employee pension plans of firms that are targets of hedge fund activism experience underfunding and their defined contribution plans experience reductions in employer contributions. Pension underfunding occurs due to reduced employer contributions to the plans, which target firms justify by increasing the assumed rates of returns on plan investments and the discount rate used to compute the present value of plan obligations. Despite tilting plan investments toward riskier assets, pension fund performance does not improve after activists target a firm. Our evidence suggests that shareholder wealth gains from activism are partly wealth transfers from employees.
GLI ATTREZZI DELLA SCIENZA POLITICA. UNA RASSEGNA CRITICA DI 11 DIZIONARI
Authors: Criscitiello Annarita
Published: January 2022

Introduzione

Come si costruisce un dizionario?

Il patrimonio linguistico della scienza politica è costituito di parole quasi tutte prese a prestito. Questo debito davvero cospicuo è stato contratto, di volta in volta, con il diritto, l'economia, la sociologia, la psicologia, la filosofia e persino la teologia e il giornalismo. Mettendo a confronto l'edizione del 1968 della International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences con gli indici analitici di alcuni importanti testi di scienza politica, Mattei Dogan (1998) ha compilato un inventario di circa duecento parole «importate» dalle altre discipline.
DA ANDREOTTI A BERLUSCONI: LA RAPPRESENTATIVITÀ TERRITORIALE DEI GOVERNI ITALIANI, 1976–2001
Authors: Amoretti Ugo M.
Published: January 2022

Introduzione

Il governo è uno degli argomenti di cui si sono tradizionalmente occupati gli studi politici. Oltre che a tematiche di carattere generale, i cultori di questo tema si sono indirizzati prevalentemente verso questioni quali le forme di governo, la formazione (e dissolvimento) delle coalizioni governative nei sistemi parlamentari e multipartitici, il ruolo dei partiti politici, l'espansione della sfera pubblica, nonché lo studio dei governanti e delle loro carriere. A fianco di questi temi di ricerca, esiste tuttavia un'ulteriore area di indagine interessante e rilevante: la rappresentatività territoriale dei governi. Rimasta relativamente inesplorata perlopiù a causa delle originarie caratteristiche sistemiche di questi ultimi – nati come leve di comando dello stato e divenuti organi esecutivi delle leggi approvate in parlamento in seguito all'affermarsi del costituzionalismo liberale – tale problematica costituisce oggi, dato il ruolo di primo piano progressivamente acquisito dai governi nell'ambito delpolicy making(Pasquino 1997, 170–171), un tema di particolare importanza, soprattutto nei paesi eterogenei dal punto di vista geopolitico. Se gran parte della produzione legislativa ha originenelgoverno, è tutt'altro che un esercizio scolastico esaminare come le unità territoriali in cui si suddivide amministrativamente o politicamente uno stato siano rappresentate al suo interno.
Expression unleashed: The evolutionary and cognitive foundations of human communication
Authors: Heintz Christophe , Scott-Phillips Thom
Published: January 2022

Human expression is open-ended, versatile, and diverse, ranging from ordinary language use to painting, from exaggerated displays of affection to micro-movements that aid coordination. Here we present and defend the claim that this expressive diversity is united by an interrelated suite of cognitive capacities, the evolved functions of which are the expression and recognition of informative intentions. We describe how evolutionary dynamics normally leash communication to narrow domains of statistical mutual benefit, and how expression is unleashed in humans. The relevant cognitive capacities are cognitive adaptations to living in a partner choice social ecology; and they are, correspondingly, part of the ordinarily developing human cognitive phenotype, emerging early and reliably in ontogeny. In other words, we identify distinctive features of our species' social ecology to explain how and why humans, and only humans, evolved the cognitive capacities that, in turn, lead to massive diversity and open-endedness in means and modes of expression. Language use is but one of these modes of expression, albeit one of manifestly high importance. We make cross-species comparisons, describe how the relevant cognitive capacities can evolve in a gradual manner, and survey how unleashed expression facilitates not only language use, but also novel behaviour in many other domains too, focusing on the examples of joint action, teaching, punishment, and art, all of which are ubiquitous in human societies but relatively rare in other species. Much of this diversity derives from graded aspects of human expression, which can be used to satisfy informative intentions in creative and new ways. We aim to help reorient cognitive pragmatics, as a phenomenon that is not a supplement to linguistic communication and on the periphery of language science, but rather the foundation of the many of the most distinctive features of human behaviour, society, and culture.
The Effect of Daily Fluctuation of Abusive Supervision over Employees Positive and Negative Emotions, and Recovery Experience
Authors: Gallegos Ivonne , Berger Rita , Guardia-Olmos Joan , Escartín Jordi
Published: January 2022

Abusive supervision impacts employees’ emotions negatively and creates feelings of shame and fear. But it remains unclear how daily employees’ positive and negative emotions are affected and if they can recover. Applying the affective event theory and job demands-resources model we hypothesized that daily abusive supervision influences employees’ positive and negative emotions fluctuation over the day, recovery after work, and employee emotions the next morning. Two daily surveys were answered by 52 Mexican employees for ten days providing 347 registers in the morning and 255 in the afternoon. Hierarchical linear modeling shows alteration of positive and negative emotions in the afternoon and next day, and a positive effect over recovery in relaxation, mastery and control restoring positive emotions. However, negative emotions cannot be recovered for the following day. Additionally, we found effects of predictive variables, as the days of the week go by, positive emotions in the afternoon and negative emotions in the morning decrease. Gender shows for men a more negative effect on positive emotions in the afternoon, next morning and on mastery-recovery. Marital status revealed effect over married individuals incrementing the four recovery dimensions, increasing positive emotions, and reducing negative emotions in the afternoon and next morning. Tenure has an effect over abusive supervision, the longer employees in the company, more likely they suffer abusive supervision. We show how employees restore positive emotions after daily recovery and that negative emotions cannot be recovered for the following day; revealing how abusive managers cause emotional damage to employees every day.
Digitale und virtuelle Unterstützung hermeneutischer Fallarbeit in der gesundheitsberuflichen Bildung
Authors: Hejna Urszula , Seeling Stefanie
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Die Digitalisierung durchdringt mittlerweile alle Bereiche unseres Lebens und zunehmend auch das Handlungsfeld der Pflege. Mithilfe medial gestützter Lehrgestaltung können Lernende auf digitale Herausforderungen ihres Berufsalltags vorbereitet werden. Zudem müssen Pflegende über ein individuell und fallbezogen anwendbares Fachwissen verfügen, welches mittels des Konzeptes der hermeneutischen Fallarbeit vermittelt wird. Virtuelle Simulationen können authentische Fallszenarien darstellen und das konventionelle Konzept der Fallarbeit mit moderner Technik erweitern. Ziel: Ziel der Recherche ist, national und international verwendete Arten digitaler und virtueller Medien in Verbindung mit der Methode der hermeneutischen Fallarbeit im Kontext der Gesundheitsbildung zu identifizieren und dessen Nutzen zu beschreiben. Methoden: Es ist eine Literaturrecherche im Design eines systematischen Reviews in den Datenbanken CINAHL, MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane und Springer Link durchgeführt und mit dem Schneeballprinzip ergänzt worden. Ergebnisse: Es wurden elf Publikationen eingeschlossen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen überwiegend positive Auswirkungen, die sich in elf Kategorien unterteilen lassen. Schlussfolgerung: Der Einsatz von virtuellen Patient_innen wird auch in der empirischen und mediendidaktischen Forschung als ein effektives und effizientes Lernarrangement angesehen. Sowohl im positiven wie auch negativen Sinne, sind die Ergebnisse abhängig von der didaktisch-methodischen Aufarbeitung, dem Design der Lernmodule und der Qualität des Mediums wie auch der Lehre.
CME-EKG 70/Antworten: Thoraxschmerzen bei einem jungen Patienten – Differenzialdiagnosen neben dem akuten Koronarsyndrom
Authors: Rett Eva , Manka Robert , Brunckhorst Corinna B.
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung. Während bei älteren Menschen mit Thoraxschmerzen und typischen EKG-Veränderungen häufig eine kardiovaskuläre Genese zu Grunde liegt, können uns jüngere Patientinnen und Patienten mit einem vergleichbaren Beschwerdebild im klinischen Alltag vor andere Herausforderungen stellen. Anhand dieses Fallberichtes soll auf entsprechende Differenzialdiagnosen und diagnostische Schritte eingegangen werden, mit besonderem Fokus auf das EKG.
Interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit in der Gesundheitsversorgung
Authors: Huber Claudia
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung. Die interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit ist ein Merkmal für eine gute und effiziente Gesundheitsversorgung, in der mehrere verschiedene Berufsgruppen in der Patientenbetreuung kompetent zusammenarbeiten. Ein dazu notwendiger erster Schritt ist die interprofessionelle Ausbildung, um verschiedene Professionen für die Zusammenarbeit in der späteren Berufspraxis vorzubereiten. Gemeinsame Ausbildungsgänge tragen dazu bei, ein Versorgungsteam zu befähigen, angepasst und wirkungsvoll auch auf individuelle und lokale Gesundheitsbedürfnisse zu reagieren.
Us and the Virus
Authors: Rudert Selma C. , Gleibs Ilka H. , Gollwitzer Mario , Häfner Michael , Hajek Katharina V. , Harth Nicole S. , Häusser Jan A. , Imhoff Roland , Schneider Dana
Published: January 2022

Abstract. From a social psychological perspective, the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated protective measures affected individuals’ social relations and basic psychological needs. We aim to identify sources of need frustration (stressors) and possibilities to bolster need satisfaction (buffers). Particularly, we highlight emerging empirical research in which social psychological theorizing can contribute to our understanding of the pandemic’s social consequences: Loneliness, social networks, role conflicts, social identity, compliance, trust, reactance, and conspiracy beliefs. We highlight directions for future social psychological research as the pandemic continues.
Imaging Considerations From a Geostationary Orbit Using the Short Wavelength Side of the Mid‐Infrared Water Vapor Absorption Band
Authors: Miller N. B. , Gunshor M. M. , Merrelli A. J. , L'Ecuyer T. S. , Schmit T. J. , Gerth J. J. , Gordillo N. J.
Published: January 2022

Historically, the long wavelength side (6–7.5 μm) of the mid‐infrared water vapor absorption band has been used for imaging from the geostationary perspective. This began with the 6.4 μm band on Europe's Meteosat‐1. While geostationary sounders for moisture profiling, including China's hyperspectral resolution infrared sounder and a planned sounder from Europe, are or will be measuring the short wavelength side of the water vapor band, this is not the case for geostationary imagers. Shorter wavelength (5–6 μm) spectral bands for imaging applications should be considered for observing moisture in the mid and lower troposphere because of several potential advantages offered by this spectral range. The short wavelength side of the water vapor band contains fewer additional absorbing gases that overlap the water vapor absorption lines. In addition, the shorter wavelengths would show less diffraction blurring which could enable finer spatial resolution for turbulence detection. This study considers some of the differences and potential advantages of the spectral information in the short wavelength side of the water vapor absorption band from the perspective of geostationary imaging. For dry conditions land heating could impact the qualitative use of observed brightness temperatures at 5.1 μm, while the solar reflection component over most clear‐sky scenes is small for a 5.1 μm band and essentially zero for a 5.6 μm band.
Converting Auroral Observations into 3D Structures
Authors: Rehnberg Morgan
Published: January 2022

Using 1D and 2D data sources as model constraints yields fine-scale insights into real-world aurorae.
Van der Waals two-color infrared photodetector
Authors: Wu Peisong , Ye Lei , Tong Lei , Wang Peng , Wang Yang , Wang Hailu , Ge Haonan , Wang Zhen , Gu Yue , Zhang Kun , Yu Yiye , Peng Meng , Wang Fang , Huang Min , Zhou Peng , Hu Weida
Published: January 2022

With the increasing demand for multispectral information acquisition, infrared multispectral imaging technology that is inexpensive and can be miniaturized and integrated into other devices has received extensive attention. However, the widespread usage of such photodetectors is still limited by the high cost of epitaxial semiconductors and complex cryogenic cooling systems. Here, we demonstrate a noncooled two-color infrared photodetector that can provide temporal-spatial coexisting spectral blackbody detection at both near-infrared and mid-infrared wavelengths. This photodetector consists of vertically stacked back-to-back diode structures. The two-color signals can be effectively separated to achieve ultralow crosstalk of ~0.05% by controlling the built-in electric field depending on the intermediate layer, which acts as an electron-collecting layer and hole-blocking barrier. The impressive performance of the two-color photodetector is verified by the specific detectivity (D*) of 6.4 × 109 cm Hz1/2 W−1 at 3.5 μm and room temperature, as well as the promising NIR/MWIR two-color infrared imaging and absolute temperature detection.
Mid-infrared hyperchaos of interband cascade lasers
Authors: Deng Yu , Fan Zhuo-Fei , Zhao Bin-Bin , Wang Xing-Guang , Zhao Shiyuan , Wu Jiagui , Grillot Frédéric , Wang Cheng
Published: January 2022

Chaos in nonlinear dynamical systems is featured with irregular appearance and with high sensitivity to initial conditions. Near-infrared light chaos based on semiconductor lasers has been extensively studied and has enabled various applications. Here, we report a fully-developed hyperchaos in the mid-infrared regime, which is produced from interband cascade lasers subject to the external optical feedback. Lyapunov spectrum analysis demonstrates that the chaos exhibits three positive Lyapunov exponents. Particularly, the chaotic signal covers a broad frequency range up to the GHz level, which is two to three orders of magnitude broader than existed mid-infrared chaos solutions. The interband cascade lasers produce either periodic oscillations or low-frequency fluctuations before bifurcating to hyperchaos. This hyperchaos source is valuable for developing long-reach secure optical communication links and remote chaotic Lidar systems, taking advantage of the high-transmission windows of the atmosphere in the mid-infrared regime.
Light People: Professor Jianhua Jiang
Authors: Zhang Ying
Published: January 2022

Editorial

Recently, Prof. Jianhua Jiang from Soochow University of China accepted an interview from Light: Science & Applications. Prof. Jiang works on topological photonics, topological phononics, and nonequilibrium physics. On this issue, he discusses the challenges and opportunities in topological photonics, topological phononics, and other topological synthetic systems. He also shares his experiences in cutting-edge research, the education of graduate students, and other challenges faced by junior researchers. Finally, he gives remarks and suggestions for Light: Science & Applications. Light People is a featured column of high-end interviews with outstanding scientists. It is our great honor to invite Prof. Jianhua Jiang, an outstanding young scientist, to showcase his research life and the story behind his success.
Soils and sediments host Thermoplasmata archaea encoding novel copper membrane monooxygenases (CuMMOs)
Authors: Diamond Spencer , Lavy Adi , Crits-Christoph Alexander , Matheus Carnevali Paula B , Sharrar Allison , Williams Kenneth H , Banfield Jillian F
Published: January 2022

Copper membrane monooxygenases (CuMMOs) play critical roles in the global carbon and nitrogen cycles. Organisms harboring these enzymes perform the first, and rate limiting, step in aerobic oxidation of ammonia, methane, or other simple hydrocarbons. Within archaea, only organisms in the order Nitrososphaerales (Thaumarchaeota) encode CuMMOs, which function exclusively as ammonia monooxygenases. From grassland and hillslope soils and aquifer sediments, we identified 20 genomes from distinct archaeal species encoding divergent CuMMO sequences. These archaea are phylogenetically clustered in a previously unnamed Thermoplasmatota order, herein named the Ca. Angelarchaeales. The CuMMO proteins in Ca. Angelarchaeales are more similar in structure to those in Nitrososphaerales than those of bacteria, and contain all functional residues required for general monooxygenase activity. Ca. Angelarchaeales genomes are significantly enriched in blue copper proteins (BCPs) relative to sibling lineages, including plastocyanin-like electron carriers and divergent nitrite reductase-like (nirK) 2-domain cupredoxin proteins co-located with electron transport machinery. Ca. Angelarchaeales also encode significant capacity for peptide/amino acid uptake and degradation and share numerous electron transport mechanisms with the Nitrososphaerales. Ca. Angelarchaeales are detected at high relative abundance in some of the environments where their genomes originated from. While the exact substrate specificities of the novel CuMMOs identified here have yet to be determined, activity on ammonia is possible given their metabolic and ecological context. The identification of an archaeal CuMMO outside of the Nitrososphaerales significantly expands the known diversity of CuMMO enzymes in archaea and suggests previously unaccounted organisms contribute to critical global nitrogen and/or carbon cycling functions.
Glycan profiling of the gut microbiota by Glycan-seq
Authors: Oinam Lalhaba , Minoshima Fumi , Tateno Hiroaki
Published: January 2022

Bacterial glycans modulate the cross talk between the gut microbiota and its host. However, little is known about these glycans because of the lack of appropriate technology to study them. In this study, we applied Glycan-seq technology for glycan profiling of the intact gut microbiota of mice. The evaluation of cultured gram-positive (Deinococcus radiodurans) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria showed significantly distinct glycan profiles between these bacteria, which were selected and further analyzed by flow cytometry. The results of flow cytometry agreed well with those obtained by Glycan-seq, indicating that Glycan-seq can be used for bacterial glycan profiling. We thus applied Glycan-seq for comparative glycan profiling of pups and adult mice gut microbiotas. The glycans of the pups and adult microbiotas had significantly distinct glycan profiles, which reflect the different bacterial compositions of pups and adult gut microbiotas based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing.α2-6Sia-binders bound specifically to the pups microbiota. Lectin pull-down followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the pups microbiota identified Lactobacillaceae as the most abundant bacterial family with glycans reacting with α2-6Sia-binders. The Glycan-seq system can reveal the glycan profile of the intact bacterial gut microbiota.
The crystal and defect structures of polar KBiNb2O7
Authors: Mallick Subhadip , Zhang Weiguo , Batuk Maria , Gibbs Alexandra S. , Hadermann Joke , Halasyamani P. Shiv , Hayward Michael A.
Published: January 2022

KBiNb2O7 adopts a polar, layered, (0, ½, z) stacked crystal structure, which exhibits many ‘axis switch’ stacking faults.
Quasi-isotropic SMMs: slow relaxation of the magnetization in polynuclear CuII/MnIIcomplexes
Authors: Pilichos Evangelos , Bhunia Pradip , Font-Bardia Mercè , Ghosh Ashutosh , Mayans Júlia , Escuer Albert
Published: January 2022

Induced SMM responses for polynuclear systems derived from isotropic cations have been characterized for three CuII/MnIIclusters with several nuclearities and S ground states. Comparison with isotropic SIMs suggests a similar relaxation mechanism.
Metal-hydrogen-pi-bonded organic frameworks
Authors: Zhu Jie , Samperisi Laura , Kalaj Mark , Chiong Jerika A. , Bailey Jake B. , Zhang Zhiyin , Yu Chung-Jui , Sikma R. Eric , Zou Xiaodong , Cohen Seth M. , Huang Zhehao , Tezcan F. Akif
Published: January 2022

We report the synthesis and characterization of a new series of permanently porous, three-dimensional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), M-HAF-2 (M = Fe, Ga, or In), constructed from tetratopic, hydroxamate-based, chelating linkers.
On the energy gap determination of organic optoelectronic materials: the case of porphyrin derivatives
Authors: Aderne Rian E. , Borges Bruno Gabriel A. L. , Ávila Harold C. , von Kieseritzky Fredrik , Hellberg Jonas , Koehler Marlus , Cremona Marco , Roman Lucimara S. , Araujo C. Moyses , Rocco Maria Luiza M. , Marchiori Cleber F. N.
Published: January 2022

We attempt to reconcile experimental and theoretical methodologies for the determination of the energy gap, which is essential to properly characterize a series of key phenomena related to the applications of organic semiconductors.
Material strategies for function enhancement in plasmonic architectures
Authors: King Melissa E. , Fonseca Guzman Maria V. , Ross Michael B.
Published: January 2022

Plasmonic materials are promising for applications in enhanced sensing, energy, and advanced optical communications.
Biomineralization-inspired synthesis of amorphous manganese phosphates for GLUT5-targeted drug-free catalytic therapy of osteosarcoma
Authors: Zhang Chunlin , Hu Jianping , Jiang Yingying , Tan Shuo , Zhu Kunpeng , Xue Chao , Dai Yunlu , Chen Feng
Published: January 2022

Drug-free GLUT5-targeted Fru-MnP nanocomposites were synthesized to trigger caspases-mediated apoptosis of osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo by producing high level of ROS under a Mn2+-driven Fenton-like reaction.
From gas separation to ion transport in the cavity of hyperbranched polyamides based on triptycene aimed for electrochromic and memory devices
Authors: Lv Xinying , Li Dongxu , Ma Yufan , Li Jie , Liu Yihan , Guo Jinyue , Niu Haijun , Zhou Tingting , Wang Wen
Published: January 2022

Introducing 3D triptycene as core with methoxy-diphenylamine into hyper- branching polyamides will greatly improve robust electrochemical cycling stability crucial for the application of ECDs.
Visible light photocatalysis in the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant heterocyclic scaffolds
Authors: Srivastava Vishal , Singh Pravin K. , Tivari Shraddha , Singh Praveen P.
Published: January 2022

Visible light and photoredox catalysis have emerged as a powerful and long-lasting tool for organic synthesis, demonstrating the importance of a variety of chemical bond formation methods.
SuFEx-enabled, chemoselective synthesis of triflates, triflamides and triflimidates
Authors: Li Bing-Yu , Voets Lauren , Van Lommel Ruben , Hoppenbrouwers Fien , Alonso Mercedes , Verhelst Steven H. L. , De Borggraeve Wim M. , Demaerel Joachim
Published: January 2022

Triflyl fluoride gas (CF3SO2F) and its aza analogues are reported as new SuFEx activators. These SVI–F reagents react efficiently with a variety of nucleophiles, yet the presence of water grants complete chemoselectivity to phenols.
Modeling and optimization of two-step shea butter oil biodiesel synthesis using snail shells as heterogeneous base catalysts
Authors: Ogunsola Akinola D. , Durowoju Modiu O. , Alade Abass O. , Jekayinfa Simeon O. , Ogunkunle Oyetola
Published: January 2022

Shea butter oil (SBO) is underutilized in the biodiesel production industry in Nigeria because of its high free fatty acid (FFA) content, which reduces its biodiesel yield.
A review of electrochemical biosensor application in the detection of the SARS‐COV‐2
Authors: Jiang Chunying , Mu Xihui , Du Bin , Tong Zhaoyang
Published: January 2022

With the rapid spread and proliferation of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) worldwide, highly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) seriously threatens human life and health. The rapid and accurate abilities to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 have become the key to prevent and control COVID‐19. Electrochemical sensors have shown broad application prospects in biological detection because of the advantages of high sensitivity, specificity, and short time‐consuming. This review summarizes the application of electrochemical biosensors in detecting SARS‐CoV‐2 and discusses prospects for developing direction in this field.
The Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on theJames WebbSpace Telescope
Authors: Böker T. , Arribas S. , Lützgendorf N. , Alves de Oliveira C. , Beck T. L. , Birkmann S. , Bunker A. J. , Charlot S. , de Marchi G. , Ferruit P. , Giardino G. , Jakobsen P. , Kumari N. , López-Caniego M. , Maiolino R. , Manjavacas E. , Marston A. , Moseley S. H. , Muzerolle J. , Ogle P. , Pirzkal N. , Rauscher B. , Rawle T. , Rix H.-W. , Sabbi E. , Sargent B. , Sirianni M. , te Plate M. , Valenti J. , Willott C. J. , Zeidler P.
Published: January 2022

The near-infrared spectrograph (NIRSpec) on theJames WebbSpace Telescope (JWST) offers the first opportunity to use integral-field spectroscopy from space at near-infrared wavelengths. More specifically, NIRSpec’s integral-field unit can obtain spectra covering the wavelength range 0.6−5.3 μm for a contiguous 3.1″ × 3.2″ sky area at spectral resolutions ofR ≈ 100, 1000, and 2700. In this paper we describe the optical and mechanical design of the NIRSpec integral-field spectroscopy mode, together with its expected performance. We also discuss a few recommended observing strategies, some of which are driven by the fact that NIRSpec is a multipurpose instrument with a number of different observing modes, which are discussed in companion papers. We briefly discuss the data processing steps required to produce wavelength- and flux-calibrated data cubes that contain the spatial and spectral information. Lastly, we mention a few scientific topics that are bound to benefit from this highly innovative capability offered by JWST/NIRSpec.
The implications of supplier encroachmentviaan online platform
Authors: Fu Feng , Chen Shuangying , Yan Wei
Published: January 2022

E-commerce provides suppliers with the flexibility to operate an online armviaa platform in addition to their pre-existing physical stores. Although such supplier encroachment is becoming increasingly prevalent in e-commerce markets, the literature on supplier encroachment traditionally assumes that suppliers sell products to consumers directly and argues that supplier encroachment can mitigate double marginalisation problems that can secure Pareto improvements. This paper narrows this gap by investigating the implications of the supplier encroachment with an online platform under two scenarios (i.e., the platform owner forgoing or retaining its entry options). A central result obtained is that, unlike supplier-owned direct channels and in addition to the “win–win” outcomes for the supplier and the traditional retailer, supplier encroachment with an online platform may also lead to “win–lose” and “lose–lose” outcomes. Furthermore, when the platform owner retains its entry option, such encroachment is always detrimental for the traditional retailer but beneficial for the supplier.
Optimization of the capital structure of an agricultural company in the Czech Republic
Authors: Vrbka Jaromír , Kalinová Eva , Dvořáková Zuzana
Published: January 2022

The topic of optimizing capital structure is very important for a company to work efficiently and reliably. It is important for every company to optimize everything so that they have the highest possible efficiency. Entrepreneurs also try to make this optimization last them as long as possible. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine the optimal capital structure of an agricultural company operating in the Czech Republic. The base source of data is the closing data of individual agricultural companies from the Albertina database of Bisnode. More than 9,000 agricultural enterprises operating in the given sector of the national economy in the Czech Republic are recorded in this data set. The calculation of the WACC method and the level of debt of individual agricultural companies are used. Subsequently, the equation for calculating the cost of capital is determined using power regression. Here we also obtain the value of reliability, which in this particular case is not ideal, but still reasonable. A line chart is used to determine the optimal interval for the agricultural company. The optimal debt interval comes out to 20 to 25%, at which the cost of capital is declared to be from 22 to 24%. If agricultural companies had higher or lower debt ratios, it would be inefficient for the enterprise.
Czech companies will have to deal with import of labour
Authors: Kalinová Eva , Kostiuk Yaroslava , Michutová Denisa
Published: January 2022

Labour market or supply and demand for labour is determined by how individuals demand work (supply) and how the offer of jobs is from the side of companies (demand). This is a very important issue, as it is a part of the main factor markets. The data on labour market are used for analysing the movement of labour market. Thanks to this, it is possible to forecast its approximate development. The basic source are data from the database of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Czech Republic. The objective of this paper is to analyse the development of supply and demand for labour in the years 2010-2020 and forecast its development until 2025. The analysis of time series is performed using the method of artificial neural networks, which enables the analysis of the development between 2010 and 2020 and forecasting the further development of supply and demand for labour until the year 2025. The research shows that the development until the year 2025 will not be very favourable. The demand will be much greater than the supply, which means there will be more vacancies than workers. To fill the vacancies and be able to further operate, companies will try to solve this situation by hiring workers from other countries. The results of the paper being submitted may serve for other labour market research.
Design Crowdsourcing Supply Chain in Short Life Cycle Products
Authors: Boldbaatar Dolgion , Choi Daeheon
Published: January 2022

Design crowdsourcing is the largest open innovation model that can create value with potential consumers. It offers an opportunity to quickly respond to the market by obtaining instant designs from the crowd, freelancing designers with fundamental skills. In addition, it can secure globally innovative competitiveness without financial burden, which is more effective to start-up companies and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the field of seasonal product industry. Developing standardized design crowdsourcing supply chain processes and mathematical models is essential to respond to market trends and customer needs in the seasonal product industry. This study has been carried out to determine the best mechanism in the design crowdsourcing supply chain and coordinate each supply chain member whose desires meet each other. Thus, we identify contracts under which conditions can coordinate the crowdsourcing supply chain by a newsvendor model with a manufacturer and a retailer with a crowdsourcing platform. To see that, we study the coordination of the crowdsourcing supply chain through the following contracts: wholesale price, buy-back, and revenue sharing contract. For the forecasting, we present a framework of the design crowdsourcing supply chain and compare supply chain performance under crowdsourcing supply chain coordination. The summarized result shows that the wholesale price contract cannot coordinate the crowdsourcing supply chain efficiently. In contrast, buy-back and revenue sharing contracts can coordinate the crowdsourcing supply chain.
A Study on the Mechanism of Social Robot Attitude Formation through Consumer Gaze Analysis: Focusing on the Robot Face
Authors: Ha Sangjip , Yi Eun-ju , Yoo In-jin , Park Do-Hyung
Published: January 2022

This study intends to utilize eye tracking for the appearance of a robot, which is one of the trends in social robot design research. We suggest a research model with the entire stage from the consumer gaze response to the perceived consumer beliefs and further their attitudes toward social robots. Specifically, the eye tracking indicators used in this study are Fixation, First Visit, Total Viewed Stay Time, and Number of Revisits. Also, Areas of Interest are selected to the face, eyes, lips, and full-body of a social robot. In the first relationship, we check which element of the social robot design the consumer’s gaze stays on, and how the gaze on each element affects consumer beliefs. The consumer beliefs are considered as the social robot’s emotional expression, humanness, and facial prominence. Second, we explore whether the formation of consumer attitudes is possible through two major channels. One is the path that the consumer beliefs formed through the gaze influence their attitude, and the other is the path that the consumer gaze response directly influences the attitude. This study made a theoretical contribution in that it finally analysed the path of consumer attitude formation from various angles by linking the gaze tracking reaction and consumer perception. In addition, it is expected to make practical contributions in the suggestion of specific design insights that can be used as a reference for designing social robots.