bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactions between hydrogen sulphide and rhizobia modulate the physiological and metabolism process during water deficiency‐induced oxidative defense in soybean
Authors: Lin Xue‐Yuan , Zhang Ni‐Na , Yao Bai‐Hui , Zhang Xin , Liu Wu‐Yu , Zhang Wei‐Qin , Zhang Jian‐Hua , Wei Ge‐Hong , Chen Juan
Published: August 2022

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), a new gas signal molecule, participates in the regulation of various abiotic stresses in plants. However, how the tandem working of H2S and rhizobia affects the adaptation of soybean to water deficiency is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the adaptation mechanism of H2S and rhizobia in soybean to water deficiency. Our results revealed that H2S and rhizobia jointly enhanced the leaf chlorophyll content and relative water content in plants, and caused an increase in the biomass of soybean seedlings under water deficiency. Besides, in the absence of water, H2S enhanced the biomass by affecting the number of nodules and nitrogenase activity during vegetative growth. The expression of nodulation marker genes including early nodulin 40 (GmENOD40), ERF required for nodulation (GmERN) and nodulation inception genes (GmNIN1a,GmNIN2a andGmNIN2b) were upregulated by H2S and rhizobia in the nodules. Moreover, the combined effect of H2S and rhizobia was proved to affect the enzyme activities and gene expression level of antioxidants, as well as osmotic protective substance content and related gene expression levels under water deficiency in soybean seedlings. In addition, the metabolomic results suggested that the combined effect of H2S and rhizobia remarkably promoted the contents of lipids and lipid‐like molecules. Our results indicated that H2S and rhizobia synergistically reduced the oxidative damage caused by water deficiency through increasing the accumulation of metabolites and strengthening the plant antioxidant capacity.
An Index Approach to Measuring Product Differentiation: A Hedonic Analysis of Airfares
Authors: Howell Charles , Grifell‐Tatjé Emili
Published: August 2022

The main objective of this paper is to introduce an Allen‐type index of differentiation based on cost functions. With this index, we create an economic measure of product differentiation that quantifies differences between products. Applied research has some generally accepted economic measures, for example, the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index for market concentration, or the Gini coefficient for inequality. Product differentiation, however, does not yet have an established measure. Our objective is to fill that gap and introduce a measure that can be used in market‐related applied research such as market power, antitrust, price indexes, or market strategy. To operationalize the index, we introduce the concept of a core product and use cost functions to measure the degree of differentiation from the core product. To demonstrate the use of the index, we study the effect of product differentiation on price formation in the airline industry using an enhanced hedonic model. The model is empirically tested on 103,980 observations of quarterly US domestic airfare data between 2002 and 2016 and shows that product differentiation has a significant effect on both price and mark‐up.
Exon 2‐mediated deletion of Trem2 does not worsen metabolic function in diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Winn Nathan C. , Wolf Elysa M. , Garcia Jamie N. , Hasty Alyssa H.
Published: August 2022

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) is highly expressed on myeloid cells and is involved in cellular lipid homeostasis and inflammatory processes. Trem2 deletion in mice (Trem2−/−) evokes adipose tissue dysfunction, but its role in worsening obesity‐induced metabolic dysfunction has not been resolved. Here we aimed to determine the causal role of Trem2 in regulating glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in mice. Nine‐week‐old male and female littermate wild‐type (WT) and Trem2−/− mice were fed a low‐ or high‐fat diet for 18 weeks and phenotyped for metabolic function. Diet‐induced weight gain was similar between genotypes, irrespective of sex. Consistent with previous reports, we find that loss of Trem2 causes massive adipocyte hypertrophy and an attenuation in the lipid‐associated macrophage transcriptional response to obesity. In contrast to published data, we find that loss of Trem2 does not worsen metabolic function in obese mice. No differences in intraperitoneal glucose tolerance (ipGTT), oral GTT or mixed meal substrate control, including postprandial glucose, non‐esterified fatty acids, insulin or triglycerides, were found between WT and Trem2−/− animals. Similarly, no phenotypic differences existed when animals were challenged with stressors on metabolic demand (i.e. acute exercise or environmental temperature modulation). Collectively, we report a disassociation between adipose tissue remodelling caused by loss of Trem2 and whole‐body metabolic homeostasis in obese mice. The complementary nature of experiments conducted gives credence to the conclusion that loss of Trem2 is unlikely to worsen glucose homeostasis in mice.

image
Nonlinear Damper-Blade Coupling Calculations Reduced to Essentials
Authors: Gastaldi Chiara , Gola Muzio M.
Published: August 2022

To improve the numerical efficiency of the nonlinear calculations required for the dynamic response of damped turbine blades, the authors recently introduced the platform centered reduction (PCR) method which represents the platform as a rigid body subject to a single moment representing the effect of forces from adjacent dampers. The concept of a” basic cycle” is now introduced to simplify—without introducing additional approximations—the functional relationship between the moment on the platform due to the frictional forces and its angle of rotation, both of which are calculated around an axis parallel to the main axis of neck bending. It is shown that, for the first bending mode of vibration, this function completely characterizes the damper-platform assembly, such that for rotation values greater than the” base cycle,” the values of the real and imaginary components of the damper-platform flexural stiffness are obtained a priori, without having to repeat the contact cycle calculations at each amplitude change. The advantage of this approach for numerical calculations and the convenience of having a model focused on the essential aspects of the engineering problem of best coupling between damper and blade are demonstrated. Also, considering the improvements introduced, the” designer's diagram,” already proposed by these authors, is revised. The advantage lies in representing the essential, yet adequate approximation in the relationship between the maximum alternating bending stress due to vibration and the values of the excitation force on the airfoil, values each associated with a corresponding “oscillation amplitude/resonance frequency” pair.
Pathology and imaging findings of a lipid-rich breast carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xiao Wei , Wei Qin Chun , Yang Ze Bin , Huang Bi Fei
Published: August 2022

.
Germanium dioxide: A new rutile substrate for epitaxial film growth
Authors: Chae Sieun , Pressley Lucas A. , Paik Hanjong , Gim Jiseok , Werder Don , Goodge Berit H. , Kourkoutis Lena F. , Hovden Robert , McQueen Tyrel M. , Kioupakis Emmanouil , Heron John T.
Published: August 2022

Rutile compounds have exotic functional properties that can be applied for various electronic applications; however, the limited availability of epitaxial substrates has restricted the study of rutile thin films to a limited range of lattice parameters. Here, rutile GeO2 is demonstrated as a new rutile substrate with lattice parameters of a=4.398Å and c=2.863Å. Rutile GeO2 single crystals up to 4 mm in size are grown by the flux method. X-ray diffraction reveals high crystallinity with a rocking curve having a full width half-maximum of 0.0572°. After mechanical polishing, a surface roughness of less than 0.1 nm was obtained, and reflection high-energy electron diffraction shows a crystalline surface. Finally, epitaxial growth of (110)-oriented TiO2 thin films on GeO2 substrates was demonstrated using molecular beam epitaxy. Templated by rutile GeO2 substrates, our findings open the possibility of stabilizing new rutile thin films and strain states for the tuning of physical properties.
Neuronal hyperactivity–induced oxidant stress promotes in vivo α-synuclein brain spreading
Authors: Helwig Michael , Ulusoy Ayse , Rollar Angela , O’Sullivan Sinead A. , Lee Shirley S. L. , Aboutalebi Helia , Pinto-Costa Rita , Jevans Benjamin , Klinkenberg Michael , Di Monte Donato A.
Published: August 2022

Interneuronal transfer and brain spreading of pathogenic proteins are features of neurodegenerative diseases. Pathophysiological conditions and mechanisms affecting this spreading remain poorly understood. This study investigated the relationship between neuronal activity and interneuronal transfer of α-synuclein, a Parkinson-associated protein, and elucidated mechanisms underlying this relationship. In a mouse model of α-synuclein brain spreading, hyperactivity augmented and hypoactivity attenuated protein transfer. Important features of neuronal hyperactivity reported here were an exacerbation of oxidative and nitrative reactions, pronounced accumulation of nitrated α-synuclein, and increased protein aggregation. Data also pointed to mitochondria as key targets and likely sources of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species within hyperactive neurons. Rescue experiments designed to counteract the increased burden of reactive oxygen species reversed hyperactivity-induced α-synuclein nitration, aggregation, and interneuronal transfer, providing first evidence of a causal link between these pathological effects of neuronal stimulation and indicating a mechanistic role of oxidant stress in hyperactivity-induced α-synuclein spreading.
In vivo isotope tracing reveals a requirement for the electron transport chain in glucose and glutamine metabolism by tumors
Authors: Pachnis Panayotis , Wu Zheng , Faubert Brandon , Tasdogan Alpaslan , Gu Wen , Shelton Spencer , Solmonson Ashley , Rao Aparna D. , Kaushik Akash K. , Rogers Thomas J. , Ubellacker Jessalyn M. , LaVigne Collette A. , Yang Chendong , Ko Bookyung , Ramesh Vijayashree , Sudderth Jessica , Zacharias Lauren G. , Martin-Sandoval Misty S. , Do Duyen , Mathews Thomas P. , Zhao Zhiyu , Mishra Prashant , Morrison Sean J. , DeBerardinis Ralph J.
Published: August 2022

In mice and humans with cancer, intravenous
13
C-glucose infusion results in
13
C labeling of tumor tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, indicating that pyruvate oxidation in the TCA cycle occurs in tumors. The TCA cycle is usually coupled to the electron transport chain (ETC) because NADH generated by the cycle is reoxidized to NAD
+
by the ETC. However,
13
C labeling does not directly report ETC activity, and other pathways can oxidize NADH, so the ETC’s role in these labeling patterns is unverified. We examined the impact of the ETC complex I inhibitor IACS-010759 on tumor
13
C labeling. IACS-010759 suppresses TCA cycle labeling from glucose or lactate and increases labeling from glutamine. Cancer cells expressing yeast NADH dehydrogenase-1, which recycles NADH to NAD
+
independently of complex I, display normalized labeling when complex I is inhibited, indicating that cancer cell ETC activity regulates TCA cycle metabolism and
13
C labeling from multiple nutrients.
Orthologous microsatellites, transposable elements, and DNA deletions correlate with generation time and body mass in neoavian birds
Authors: Ji Yanzhu , Feng Shaohong , Wu Lei , Fang Qi , Brüniche-Olsen Anna , DeWoody J. Andrew , Cheng Yalin , Zhang Dezhi , Hao Yan , Song Gang , Qu Yanhua , Suh Alexander , Zhang Guojie , Hackett Shannon J. , Lei Fumin
Published: August 2022

The rate of mutation accumulation in germline cells can be affected by cell replication and/or DNA damage, which are further related to life history traits such as generation time and body mass. Leveraging the existing datasets of 233 neoavian bird species, here, we investigated whether generation time and body mass contribute to the interspecific variation of orthologous microsatellite length, transposable element (TE) length, and deletion length and how these genomic attributes affect genome sizes. In nonpasserines, we found that generation time is correlated to both orthologous microsatellite length and TE length, and body mass is negatively correlated to DNA deletions. These patterns are less pronounced in passerines. In all species, we found that DNA deletions relate to genome size similarly as TE length, suggesting a role of body mass dynamics in genome evolution. Our results indicate that generation time and body mass shape the evolution of genomic attributes in neoavian birds.
Identification and Characterization of the Alternative σ
28
Factor in Treponema denticola
Authors: Kurniyati Kurni , Chang Yunjie , Liu Jun , Li Chunhao
Published: August 2022

Spirochetes are a group of medically important but understudied bacteria. One of the unique aspects of spirochetes is that they have periplasmic flagella (PF, also known as endoflagella) which give rise to their unique spiral shape and distinct swimming behaviors and play a critical role in the pathophysiology of spirochetes.
Trench retreat recorded by a subduction zone metamorphic history
Authors: Dong Jie , Grove Marty , Wei Chunjing , Han Bao-Fu , Yin An , Chen Jiafu , Li Ang , Zhang Zhicheng
Published: August 2022

Upper amphibolite-facies metamorphism in subduction zone rocks may occur under exceptional tectonic settings. Differentiating competing mechanisms for its occurrence requires carefully integrated, high-resolution thermobarometric and geochronologic studies of mélange rocks with well-defined field relationships. We present new pressure, temperature, and age data from the classic Cretaceous Catalina Schist in southern California (USA) that allow us to establish a plausible model for its high-temperature metamorphic history. Our results indicate that garnet-amphibolite blocks in the structurally highest amphibolite-facies mélange preserve evidence of three stages of tectonic evolution: (1) prograde lawsonite eclogite-facies metamorphism that peaked at 2.4–2.7 GPa with temperatures >580 °C during fixed-trench subduction (120–115 Ma); (2) post-peak epidote eclogite-facies metamorphism followed by amphibolite-facies metamorphism at 1.4–1.3 GPa with temperatures of 740–790 °C during trench retreat (115–105 Ma); and (3) isothermal decompression (1.3 GPa to <1.0 GPa at temperatures of ~780 °C) and cooling during trench advance and slab-flattening subduction (ca. 105–100 Ma). Our model implies the presence of a continuous Cordilleran subduction system in the Cretaceous, which had varying tectonic regimes through episodes of trench retreat/advance and slab shallowing/steepening that, in turn, dictated the development of the Cordilleran arc system.
Bernard-Soulier syndrome in pregnancy with retinal detachment: a rare phenomenon
Authors: Igbokwe Nnadozie , Benson Gary , Waireri Joyce
Published: August 2022

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) is a rare congenital bleeding disorder of the platelet, and it is mainly inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. It is caused by both qualitative and quantitative deficiency of the platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V receptor complex, thereby causing abnormal platelets adhesion.

We report a case of a primigravida in her 20s with history of BSS diagnosed in childhood due to family history. Her preconception period was challenging as she suffered from severe menorrhagia often requiring hospital admission, blood and platelet transfusions.

At 35 weeks gestation, she developed temporal crowded retinal detachment of the left eye and had a successful left scleral buckling surgery under general anaesthesia (GA).

She had a multidisciplinary team care with a successful elective GA caesarean section at 39+3 weeks gestation with peridelivery platelet transfusion and intravenous recombinant factor VIIa. Regional anaesthesia, intramuscular injections and anticoagulation were avoided.
Mortality of Puerto Ricans in the USA post Hurricane Maria: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Marazzi Mario , Miloucheva Boriana , Bobonis Gustavo J
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To determine death occurrences of Puerto Ricans on the mainland USA following the arrival of Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico in September 2017.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Participants

Persons of Puerto Rican origin on the mainland USA.

Exposures

Hurricane Maria.

Main outcome

We use an interrupted time series design to analyse all-cause mortality of Puerto Ricans in the USA following the hurricane. Hispanic origin data from the National Vital Statistics System and from the Public Use Microdata Sample of the American Community Survey are used to estimate monthly origin-specific mortality rates for the period 2012–2018. We estimated log-linear regressions of monthly deaths of persons of Puerto Rican origin by age group, gender, and educational attainment.

Results

We found an increase in mortality for persons of Puerto Rican origin during the 6-month period following the hurricane (October 2017 through March 2018), suggesting that deaths among these persons were 3.7% (95% CI 0.025 to 0.049) higher than would have otherwise been expected. In absolute terms, we estimated 514 excess deaths (95% CI 346 to 681) of persons of Puerto Rican origin that occurred on the mainland USA, concentrated in those aged 65 years or older.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest an undercounting of previous deaths as a result of the hurricane due to the systematic effects on the displaced and resident populations in the mainland USA. Displaced populations are frequently overlooked in disaster relief and subsequent research. Ignoring these populations provides an incomplete understanding of the damages and loss of life.
Prospective comparison of acupuncture with sham acupuncture to determine impact on sedation and analgesia in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients (PASSION study): protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Yuzhuo , Yang Guang , Wei Jinyi , Chen Fangliang , Zhang Min-Zhou , Mao Shuai
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Sedation and analgesia are recommended to be employed in the intensive care unit (ICU) to enhance patient comfort and safety, facilitate mechanical ventilation and reduce oxygen demands. However, the increasing evidence demonstrates that excessive sedation and analgesia might prolong mechanical ventilation and increase costs and mortality. Acupuncture is known to be able to attenuate pain, anxiety and agitation symptoms while avoiding excessive sedation and analgesia caused by drugs. Therefore, we present a protocol to investigate whether acupuncture, used for sedation and analgesia, can reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation, save medical resources and reduce the mortality of critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation.

Methods and analysis

Prospective, randomised controlled trial is conducted on 180 adult medical/surgical ICU patients with mechanical ventilation needing sedation at 3 ICUs between 03 November 2021 and 16 August 2023. Patients will be treated with analgesia and sedation to achieve desired target sedation levels (Richmond Agitation Sedation Score of −2 to 1). Enrolled patients will be randomly assigned in a ratio of 1:1:1 to receive deep needle insertion with combined manual and alternating-mode electrical stimulation on acupoints (AC group), superficial needle insertion without manual stimulation and electrical stimulation on non-acupoints (SAC group), or no acupuncture intervention (NAC group). The primary outcome is the duration of mechanical ventilation from randomisation until patients are free of mechanical ventilation (including non-invasive) without reinstitution for the following 48 hours. Secondary endpoints include the dose of administered sedatives and analgesic at comparable sedation levels throughout the study, ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay. Additional outcomes include the prevalence and days of delirium in ICU, mortality in ICU and within 28 days after randomisation, and the number of ventilator free days in 28 days.

Ethics and dissemination

This trial was approved by the ethics committee at Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine. We will publish the study results.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2100052650.
PALLIA 10 score in phase I cancer studies
Authors: Ouali Kaïssa , Mateus Christine , Laparra Arianne , Martin Romano Patricia , Sampetrean Anda , Vuagnat Perrine , Varga Andrea , Champiat Stephane , Verlingue Loic , Geraud Arthur , Marabelle Aurélien , Hollebecque Antoine , Gazzah Anas , Bahleda Rastilav , Postel Vinay Sophie , Michot Jean-Marie , Bernard-Tessier Alice , Bayle Arnaud , Ribrag Vincent , Soria Jean-Charles , Scotte Florian , Massard Christophe , Pavliuc Elena , Baldini Capucine
Published: August 2022

Objective

Phase I clinical trials usually include patients with advanced disease who have failed standard therapies and should benefit from early palliative care. We try to assess whether PALLIA 10, a score developed in France to help identify patients who might benefit from a palliative care referral, could be used in a phase I department trial.

Methods

We assessed PALLIA 10 score and other prognostic factors in patients enrolled in phase I trials at Gustave Roussy Cancer Center prospectively during two periods of time (cohort 1 (C1) and 2 (C2)). A double-blind assessment of the PALLIA 10 score was done in C2 by a palliative care specialist and a nurse.

Results

From 1 July 2018 to 1 November 2018 (C1) and from 1 December 2020 to 16 April 2021 (C2), 86 patients were assessed in C1 and 302 in C2. Median PALLIA 10 was very low in both cohorts (median 1, range 1–5 in C1 and 1–8 in C2). On C1 and C2, 12% and 5% of patients had a dedicated palliative consultation. In C2, assessment of PALLIA 10 score was significantly different between palliative care physician (median 5, range 3–8), phase I physician (median 1, range 1–6) and phase I nurse (median 3, range 1–8) (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Median PALLIA 10 score was low when assessed by the phase I physician, which suggests the need for a better tool and appropriate clinician’s education to implement early palliative care in clinical practice and trials.
Fermion masses and mixings and $$g-2$$ muon anomaly in a 3-3-1 model with $$D_4$$ family symmetry
Authors: Hernández A. E. Cárcamo , Long Hoang Ngoc , Mora-Urrutia M. L. , Thao N. H. , Vien V. V.
Published: August 2022

We propose a predictive model based on the $$SU(3)_C\times SU(3)_L\times U(1)_X$$

S
U

(
3
)

C

×
S
U

(
3
)

L

×
U

(
1
)

X

gauge symmetry, which is supplemented by the $$D_4$$

D
4

family symmetry and several auxiliary cyclic symmetries whose spontaneous breaking produces the observed SM fermion mass and mixing pattern. The masses of the light active neutrinos are produced by an inverse seesaw mechanism mediated by three right handed Majorana neutrinos. To the best of our knowledge the model corresponds to the first implementation of the $$D_4$$

D
4

family symmetry in a $$SU(3)_C\times SU(3)_L\times U(1)_X$$

S
U

(
3
)

C

×
S
U

(
3
)

L

×
U

(
1
)

X

theory with three right handed Majorana neutrinos and inverse seesaw mechanism. Our proposed model successfully accommodates the experimental values of the SM fermion mass and mixing parameters, the muon anomalous magnetic moment as well as the Higgs diphoton decay rate and meson oscillations constraints. The consistency of our model with the muon anomalous magnetic moment requires charged exotic vector like leptons at the TeV scale.
Studying folding $$\leftrightarrow $$ unfolding dynamics of solvated alanine polypeptides using molecular dynamics
Authors: Hungerland Jonathan , Frederiksen Anders , Gerhards Luca , Solov’yov Ilia A.
Published: August 2022

The atomistic description of the folding process of a structureless chain of amino acids to a functioning protein is still considered to be a challenge for computational biophysics. An in-depth understanding of protein-folding can be achieved through atomistic dynamics accounting for the solvent effects, combined with the theoretical description of conformational changes in shorter polypeptide chains. The present paper studies the folding transitions in short polypeptide chains consisting of 11 alanine residues in explicit solvent employing all-atom molecular dynamics. The multiple observed folding $$\leftrightarrow $$
↔
unfolding events of the peptide are interpreted as a dynamic process and rationalised through the analysis of the potential energy surface of the system. It is demonstrated that alanine polypeptide folding dynamics is governed by the backbone dihedral angles and involves the formation of spontaneously folded $$\alpha $$
α
-helices which emerge and live for ca. 1–20 picoseconds. The helical content within the polypeptide at different temperatures was quantified through a statistical mechanics approach, which showed a reasonable agreement with the results of molecular dynamics simulations and experiments performed for alanine-rich peptides.

Graphical abstract
Predicting a Time-Dependent Quantity Using Recursive Generative Query Network
Authors: Miebs Grzegorz , Wójcik Michał , Karaszewski Adam , Mochol-Grzelak Małgorzata , Wawdysz Paulina , Bachorz Rafał A.
Published: August 2022

We propose here a novel neural architecture dedicated to the prediction of time series. It can be considered as an adaptation of the idea of (GQN) to the data which is of a sequence nature. The new approach, dubbed here as the (RGQN), allows for efficient prediction of time series. The predictor information (i.e. the independent variable) is one or more of the other time series which are in some relationship with the predicted sequence. Each time series is accompanied by additional meta-information reflecting its selected properties. This meta-information, together with the standard dynamic component, is provided simultaneously in (RNN). During the inference phase, meta-information becomes a query reflecting the expected properties of the predicted time series. The proposed idea is illustrated with use cases of strong practical relevance. In particular, we discuss the example of an industrial pipeline that transports liquid media. The trained RGQN model is applied to predict pressure signals, assuming that the training was carried out during routine operational conditions. The subsequent comparison of the prediction with the actual data gathered under extraordinary circumstances, e.g. during the leakage, leads to a specific residual distribution of the prediction. This information can be applied directly within the data-driven Leak Detection and Location framework. The RGQN approach can be applied not only to pressure time series but also in many other use cases where the quantity of sequence nature is accompanied by a meta-descriptor.
FRACTAL TRAVELING WAVE SOLUTIONS FOR THE FRACTAL-FRACTIONAL ABLOWITZ–KAUP–NEWELL–SEGUR MODEL
Authors: WANG KANGLE
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we mainly investigate the fractal-fractional Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur model, which is used to describe the propagation of the shallow wave water with unsmooth boundaries based on the conformable fractional derivative. A simple and powerful mathematical method is established to achieve the fractal traveling wave solutions for the fractal-fractional Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur model, which is variational reduced differential wave method. Finally, the geometric and physical properties of these fractal traveling wave solutions are elaborated by a number of three-dimensional graphics. The novel mathematical method provides a new idea for studying the fractal evolution models.
Synthesis and characterization of asymmetric oxyacetamide bridged porphyrin conjugates embedded with N-containing heterocycles
Authors: Sweed Ayman M. K. , Ragab Sherif S. , Shaker Yasser M.
Published: August 2022

In the search for photosensitizers based on 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (m-THPP, 1), a novel series of asymmetric A3B porphyrin molecules with oxyacetamide linkers have been synthesized. A facile synthetic route was followed through the reaction of m-THPP derived porphyrin monoacid with amino-heterocyclic molecules in the presence of HBTU/DIPEA coupling reagent to obtain the respective porphyrin conjugates 7-10, 16, 18 in satisfactory yields 30–76%. The structures of all compounds were confirmed by the means of 1H, [Formula: see text]C NMR and by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). The absorption and emission spectra of the synthesized porphyrin conjugates were displayed in methanol and showed high extension coefficient values. These preliminary studies could qualify these new candidates in being added to the porphyrin library for photomedicine applications.
Local Generation of Entanglement with Redfield Dynamics
Authors: Benatti F. , Chruściński D. , Floreanini R.
Published: August 2022

In phenomenological applications, time evolutions of Bloch-Redfield type are widely adopted for modelling open system dynamics, despite their nonpositive preserving character: this physical inconsistency, that in general shows up at small times, is usually cured by suitably restricting the space of allowed initial states. Nevertheless, additional problems may arise in relation to entanglement: specifically, we show that Redfield dynamics, though being a semigroup, can generate entanglement through a purely local action; moreover, this unphysical effect can persist on long time-scales.
Non-Hermitian Physics and Master Equations
Authors: Roccati Federico , Palma G. Massimo , Ciccarello Francesco , Bagarello Fabio
Published: August 2022

A longstanding tool to characterize the evolution of open Markovian quantum systems is the GKSL (Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad) master equation. However, in some cases, open quantum systems can be effectively described with non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, which have attracted great interest in the last twenty years due to a number of unconventional properties, such as the appearance of exceptional points. Here, we present a short review of these two different approaches aiming in particular to highlight their relation and illustrate different ways of connecting non-Hermitian Hamiltonian to a GKSL master equation for the full density matrix.
Ultrasmall pH-responsive silicon phthalocyanine micelle for selective photodynamic therapy against tumor
Authors: Zhou Yiming , Zeng Wenlong , Wang Mengxuan , Li Rui , Yue Xiuli , Dai Zhifei
Published: August 2022

Targeted photodynamic therapy (TPDT) based on the photosensitizers responsive for tumor microenvironment is promising because of the better anti-tumor effect and less phototoxicity against normal tissue than the traditional PDT. Nanoparticle-based stimuli-responsive photosensitizers have been widely explored for TPDT. Based on the acidic microenvironments in solid tumors, an ultrasmall pH-responsive silicon phthalocyanine nanomicelle (PSN) (smaller than 10[Formula: see text]nm) was designed for selective PDT of tumor. PSN had high drug loading efficacy (more than 28%) and exhibited morphological transitions, enhanced fluorescence and improved singlet oxygen yield under acidic environments. PSN was renal clearable and could rapidly accumulate and be retained at tumor sites, achieving a tumor-inhibiting effect better than phthalocyanine micelle without pH response. Tumors of mice treated with PSN for PDT were completely ablated without recurrence. Thus, we have developed a phthalocyanine-based pH-responsive micelle with excellent tumor targeting ability, which is expected to realize the selective PDT of tumor.
Beyond Relooper: recursive translation of unstructured control flow to structured control flow (functional pearl)
Authors: Ramsey Norman
Published: August 2022

In many compilers, control flow is represented using an arbitrary
directed graph. But in some interesting target languages, including
JavaScript and WebAssembly, intraprocedural control flow can be
expressed only in structured ways, using loops, conditionals, and
multilevel breaks or exits. As was shown by Peterson, Kasami, and
Tokura in 1973, such structured control flow can be obtained by
translating arbitrary control flow. The translation uses two standard
analyses, but as published, it takes three passes—which may explain
why it was overlooked by Emscripten, a popular compiler from C to
JavaScript. By tweaking the analyses and by applying fundamental ideas
from functional programming (recursive functions and immutable
abstract-syntax trees), the translation, along with a couple of code
improvements, can be implemented in a single pass. This new
implementation is slated to be added to the Glasgow Haskell
Compiler. Its single-pass translation, its immutable representation,
and its use of dominator trees make it much easier to reason about
than the original translation.
Linearly qualified types: generic inference for capabilities and uniqueness
Authors: Spiwack Arnaud , Kiss Csongor , Bernardy Jean-Philippe , Wu Nicolas , Eisenberg Richard A.
Published: August 2022

A linear parameter must be consumed exactly once in the body of its function. When declaring resources such as file handles and manually managed memory as linear arguments, a linear type system can verify that these resources are used safely. However, writing code with explicit linear arguments requires bureaucracy. This paper presents linear constraints, a front-end feature for linear typing that decreases the bureaucracy of working with linear types. Linear constraints are implicit linear arguments that are filled in automatically by the compiler. We present linear constraints as a qualified type system,together with an inference algorithm which extends GHC's existing constraint solver algorithm. Soundness of linear constraints is ensured by the fact that they desugar into Linear Haskell.
Formal reasoning about layered monadic interpreters
Authors: Yoon Irene , Zakowski Yannick , Zdancewic Steve
Published: August 2022

Monadic computations built by interpreting, or
handling
, operations of a
free monad are a compelling formalism for modeling language semantics and
defining the behaviors of effectful systems.
The resulting layered semantics offer the promise of modular reasoning principles
based on the equational theory of the underlying monads.
However, there are a number of obstacles to using such layered
interpreters in practice. With more layers comes more boilerplate and glue
code needed to define the monads and interpreters involved. That overhead is
compounded by the need to define and justify the relational reasoning
principles that characterize the equivalences at each layer.

This paper addresses these problems by significantly extending the
capabilities of the Coq
interaction trees
(ITrees) library, which
supports layered monadic interpreters. We characterize a rich class of
interpretable monads
---obtained by applying monad transformers to
ITrees---and show how to generically lift interpreters through them. We
also introduce a corresponding framework for relational reasoning about
"equivalence of monads up to a relation R". This collection of
typeclasses, instances, new reasoning principles, and tactics greatly
generalizes the existing theory of the ITree library, eliminating large
amounts of unwieldy boilerplate code and dramatically simplifying proofs.
Reference counting with frame limited reuse
Authors: Lorenzen Anton , Leijen Daan
Published: August 2022

The recently introduced _Perceus_ algorithm can automatically insert
reference count instructions such that the resulting (cycle-free) program is
_garbage free_: objects are freed at the very moment they can no longer be
referenced. An important extension is reuse analysis. This optimization pairs
objects of known size with fresh allocations of the same size and tries to
reuse the object in-place at runtime if it happens to be unique. Unfortunately,
current implementations of reuse analysis are fragile with respect to small
program transformations, or can cause an arbitrary increase in the peak heap
usage. We present a novel _drop-guided_ reuse algorithm that is simpler and
more robust than previous approaches. Moreover, we generalize the linear
resource calculus to precisely characterize garbage-free and frame-limited
evaluations. On each function call, a frame-limited evaluation may hold on to
memory longer if the size is bounded by a constant factor. Using this framework
we show that our drop-guided reuse _is_ frame-limited and find that an
implementation of our new reuse approach in Koka can provide significant
speedups.
Modular probabilistic models via algebraic effects
Authors: Nguyen Minh , Perera Roly , Wang Meng , Wu Nicolas
Published: August 2022

Probabilistic programming languages (PPLs) allow programmers to construct statistical models and then simulate data or perform inference over them. Many PPLs restrict models to a particular instance of simulation or inference, limiting their reusability. In other PPLs, models are not readily composable. Using Haskell as the host language, we present an embedded domain specific language based on algebraic effects, where probabilistic models are modular, first-class, and reusable for both simulation and inference. We also demonstrate how simulation and inference can be expressed naturally as composable program transformations using algebraic effect handlers.
A completely unique account of enumeration
Authors: van der Rest Cas , Swierstra Wouter
Published: August 2022

How can we enumerate the inhabitants of an algebraic datatype? This paper explores a
datatype generic
solution that works for all
regular types
and
indexed families
. The enumerators presented here are provably both
complete
and
unique
—they will eventually produce every value exactly once—and
fair
—they avoid bias when composing enumerators. Finally, these enumerators memoise previously enumerated values whenever possible, thereby avoiding repeatedly recomputing recursive results.
Constraint-based type inference for FreezeML
Authors: Emrich Frank , Stolarek Jan , Cheney James , Lindley Sam
Published: August 2022

FreezeML is a new approach to first-class polymorphic type inference that
employs term annotations to control when and how polymorphic types are
instantiated and generalised. It conservatively extends Hindley-Milner type
inference and was first presented as an extension to Algorithm W. More modern
type inference techniques such as HM(X) and OutsideIn(X) employ constraints to
support features such as type classes, type families, rows, and other
extensions. We take the first step towards modernising FreezeML by presenting
a constraint-based type inference algorithm. We introduce a new constraint
language, inspired by the Pottier/Rémy presentation of HM(X), in order to allow
FreezeML type inference problems to be expressed as constraints. We present a
deterministic stack machine for solving FreezeML constraints and prove its
termination and correctness.
Safe couplings: coupled refinement types
Authors: Vasilenko Elizaveta , Vazou Niki , Barthe Gilles
Published: August 2022

We enhance refinement types with mechanisms to reason about relational properties of probabilistic computations. Our mechanisms, which are inspired from probabilistic couplings, are applicable to a rich set of probabilistic properties, including expected sensitivity, which ensures that the distance between outputs of two probabilistic computations can be controlled from the distance between their inputs. We implement our mechanisms in the type system of Liquid Haskell and we use them to formally verify Haskell implementations of two classic machine learning algorithms: Temporal Difference (TD) reinforcement learning and stochastic gradient descent (SGD). We formalize a fragment of our system for discrete distributions and we prove soundness with respect to a set-theoretical semantics.
Automatically deriving control-flow graph generators from operational semantics
Authors: Koppel James , Kearl Jackson , Solar-Lezama Armando
Published: August 2022

We develop the first theory of control-flow graphs from first principles, and use it to create an algorithm for automatically synthesizing many variants of control-flow graph generators from a language’s operational semantics. Our approach first introduces a new algorithm for converting a large class of small-step operational semantics to an abstract machine. It next uses a technique called ”abstract rewriting” to automatically abstract the semantics of a language, which is used both to directly generate a CFG from a program (”interpreted mode”) and to generate standalone code, similar to a human-written CFG generator, for any program in a language. We show how the choice of two abstraction and projection parameters allow our approach to synthesize several families of CFG-generators useful for different kinds of tools. We prove the correspondence between the generated graphs and the original semantics. We provide and prove an algorithm for automatically proving the termination of interpreted-mode generators. In addition to our theoretical results, we have implemented this algorithm in a tool called Mandate, and show that it produces human-readable code on two medium-size languages with 60−80 rules, featuring nearly all intraprocedural control constructs common in modern languages. We then show these CFG-generators were sufficient to build two static analyses atop them. Our work is a promising step towards the grand vision of being able to synthesize all desired tools from the semantics of a programming language.
Review of "The Engines of Cognition: Essays by the Less Wrong Community by Less Wrong Less Wrong Press 720 pages, Year: 2019 $30.00"
Authors: Gasarch William
Published: August 2022

For those who read my review of the first Lesswrong collection of essays,
A Map that Reflects the Territory
3
, this intro will give you a sense of what the Klingons call nlb' poH, the French call Déjà vu, and the English call Déjà vu.
Special Issue on The Workshop on MAthematical performance Modeling and Analysis (MAMA 2022)
Authors: Squillante Mark S.
Published: August 2022

The complexity of computer systems, networks and applications, as well as the advancements in computer technology, continue to grow at a rapid pace. Mathematical analysis, modeling and optimization have been playing, and continue to play, an important role in research studies to investigate fundamental issues and tradeoffs at the core of performance problems in the design and implementation of complex computer systems, networks and applications.
Hepatic blood flow regulation but not oxygen extraction capability is impaired in prolonged experimental abdominal sepsis
Authors: Liu Shengchen , Kohler Andreas , Langer Rupert , Jakob Manuel O. , Salm Lilian , Blank Annika , Beldi Guido , Jakob Stephan M.
Published: August 2022

The capacity to acutely increase hepatic O2 extraction with portal flow reduction is maintained in sepsis with accompanying liver injury, but hepatic blood flow regulation is impaired.
Simultaneous whole-cell patch-clamp and calcium imaging on myenteric neurons
Authors: Li Zhiling , Boesmans Werend , Kazwiny Youcef , Hao Marlene M. , Vanden Berghe Pieter
Published: August 2022

Live calcium imaging is an important tool for investigating enteric nervous system (ENS) function. Previous studies have shown that multiple action potentials are needed to generate a calcium response in S-neurons, which has important implications for the interpretation of calcium imaging data. Here, we show that in mouse myenteric neurons, calcium transients are elicited by single action potentials in both AH- and S-neurons. In addition, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation can be used to distinguish between these two classes.
NaV1.9 current in muscle afferent neurons is enhanced by substances released during muscle activity
Authors: Sukhanova Khrystyna Yu , Koirala Ankeeta , Elmslie Keith S.
Published: August 2022

G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation increases action potential activity in muscle afferents to produce the exercise pressor reflex (EPR), but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. We provide evidence that NaV1.9 current is synergistically enhanced by application of a mixture of metabolites potentially released during muscle contraction. The enhancement of NaV1.9 current is likely one mechanism by which GPCR activation generates the EPR and the inappropriate activation of the EPR in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Modulation of in vitro epileptiform activity by optogenetic stimulation of parvalbumin-positive interneurons
Authors: Wang Siyan , Kfoury Cristen , Marion Alexis , Lévesque Maxime , Avoli Massimo
Published: August 2022

Previous studies have identified contradictory roles of PV-interneurons in ictogenesis and the link between theta oscillations and epileptiform activity remains unexplored. Here, we investigated in vitro the effect of PV-interneuron optogenetic stimulation under 4AP in temporal lobe regions obtained from PV-ChR2 transgenic mice. Under theta (8 Hz) optogenetic stimulation and 4AP application, interictal spikes and low-voltage fast onset ictal discharges were triggered, suggesting that the activation of PV-interneurons favors synchronization and ictogenesis.
Clinical electrodiagnostic evaluation for nerve transfer surgery in spinal cord injury: a new indication and clinical pearls
Authors: Berger Michael J. , Adewuyi Adenike A. , Fox Ida K. , Franz Colin K.
Published: August 2022

In this review, we highlight the important role of the clinical electrodiagnostic (EDX) evaluation after cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). Our discussion focuses on the need for timely, frequent, and accurate EDX evaluations in the context of nerve transfer surgery to restore critical upper limb functions, including elbow extension, hand opening, and hand closing. The EDX evaluation is crucial to define the extent of lower motor neuron lesions and determine candidacy for surgery. We also discuss the important role of the postoperative EDX evaluation in determining prognosis and supporting rehabilitation. We propose a practical framework for EDX evaluation in this clinical setting.
Motion state-dependent motor learning based on explicit visual feedback is quickly recalled, but is less stable than adaptation to physical perturbations
Authors: Zhou Weiwei , Kruse Elizabeth A. , Brower Rylee , North Ryan , Joiner Wilsaan M.
Published: August 2022

The extent explicit feedback facilitates motion state-dependent changes to motor output is largely unknown. Here, we examined motor adaptation for subjects that experienced physical perturbations and another that made adjustments based on explicit visual feedback information of the required force-velocity relationship. Our results suggest that adjustment of motor output can be based on explicit motion state-dependent information and demonstrates rapid recall, but this learning is less stable than adaptation based on physical perturbations to movement.