bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wolfgang Avemann (I583 - nach I620) und die frühe Verbreitung der niederländischen Architekturmalerei
Authors: Fusenig Thomas
Published: July 2010

It is sometimes difficult to distinguish the work of those Netherlandish painters who left their homeland in the second half of the I6th century, from that of their German pupils and followers from around I600. The genre of architectural painting is a particularly informative example of the complexities involved in this cultural exchange. Some years ago, the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Kassel, acquired a very interesting interior by an almost unknown Hessian painter Wolfgang Avemann (I583- after I620) (fig. I). With this as the starting point, it is possible to reattribute to Avemann a number of perspective paintings (fig. 3, 5-8, I2, 13), which until now were mostly attributed to either Hendrik van Steenwijck the Elder (around I550 - I603) or the Younger (I58I/82-I649). The Van Steenwijck workshop was active at Frankfurt around I600, and since in almost all his paintings Avemann used the Van Steenwijck compositional structure (fig. 2, 4, 9), it is most probable that he was an apprentice in their workshop in Frankfurt. Moreover, his figures were influenced by Frederik and Gillis van Valckenborch (fig. I0), who returned to Frankfurt from Italy just at the time when Avemann was learning his craft. Avemann became a master in Nuremberg in I6I2. Another young master of perspective painting working in the city at the same time was Paul Juvenel (I579-I643) (fig. II), whose father was a Netherlandish émigré. Interestingly, Juvenel's pictures are sometimes mistaken for works by the Van Steenwijcks. Clarifying Avemann's role as a painter of perspective pictures expands not only our understanding of the genre of perspective painting in the early I7th century, but also sheds light on the important influence of Netherlandish artists living in Frankfurt (and Nuremberg) - and just at the time when the young Adam Elsheimer departed for Italy.
Herman van Swanevelt als Radierer. Zur Chronologie der Entwürfe und der Drucke
Authors: Steland Anne Charlotte
Published: July 2010

In the 1630s the Dutch Italianate painter Herman van Swanevelt (ca. 1603-1655) developed in Rome, in collaboration with his colleague and contemporary Claude Lorrain, what in those days was a new type of idyllic ideal landscape whose sunlit 'contrejours' reflected the times of day and which Swanevelt continued to disseminate in the North after he moved to Paris. It was however chiefly his etchings which made this new type of landscape accessible to a large public, and which decisively contributed to the development of the taste for landscape art into the eighteenth century, notably in France. In terms of quality and quantity, Swanevelt was the foremost etcher among the early Italianates. The first of his etchings were made in Rome, probably stimulated by the French etchers Charles Audran, who lived in his house there from 1632 to 1634, and by Claude Lorrain, who made 39 etchings in the 1630s, while most of Swanevelt's - 90 - originated in Paris. The only works he dated are two late series (1653 and 1654). However, during the preparation of Swanevelt's monograph with its critical catalogue of the paintings and drawings, it emerged that the dates of all his authentic, undated designs and prints can be ascertained with a fair degree of accuracy, particularly with the aid of his dated and datable drawings and paintings. Two additional drawings could be established as designs for etchings by Pierre Mariette which were first published after Swanevelt's death, and also four drawings in the Uffizi in Florence, two of them with the visible traces of the etching needle, for four etchings without signature or address. This essay rectifies dates published in A.C. Blume's article of 1994. It makes use of newly found documents, published by M. Szanto in his excellent, substantial article (2003), and facts, published in less accessible literature and providing valuable information pertaining to the biographical background of Swanevelts activity as an etcher during his Paris years. It furthermore combines the familiar signatures, names and addresses of publishers with the critical evaluation of Swanevelt's numerous drawn designs with the nature studies used for this and, for the Paris years, with the new findings in Szanto's monograph. This essay for the first time provides a more exact survey of Swanevelt's development as a draughtsman, the times at which his designs were made and his etchings were printed.
Education in Real Time
Authors: Christou Miranda
Published: July 2010

In a globalizing world of intense intercultural and transnational interactions, learning and knowledge are becoming increasingly more standardized and homogeneous based on the assumption that the world is functioning in real time. This drive for standardization (expressed in practices such as harmonization of higher education, national curriculum standards and international testing) is facilitated in part by technological innovation and it takes place in a world of shrinking time—space where time is seen as uniform, linear and de-contextualized. The author argues that the concept of time is central in the construction of knowledge, the experience of difference and the labour of pedagogy. The dominant assumption of living in a synchronized, globalized world where everyone is connected in real time has implications for the ways in which educational practices generate new ‘scientific’ ways of constructing otherness and justifying inequality, albeit under the banners of quality, accountability and choice.
Welfare State Restructuring in Education and its National Refractions
Authors: Houtsonen Jarmo , Czaplicka Magdalena , Lindblad Sverker , Sohlberg Peter , Sugrue Ciaran
Published: July 2010

The governance of the welfare state is going through profound transformations in many western countries. Similarly, reforms, influenced by neoliberal ideology, are being applied particularly in the field of education all over Europe. However, it is likely that there are divergent outcomes as these widely shared models are adapted in historical and local particularities. The aim of this article is to examine how Finnish, Irish and Swedish teachers perceive change in professional control and autonomy, and the influence of documentation and evaluation on daily work. Correspondence analysis on survey data ( N = 2304) shows that whereas the Finnish teachers regard that the new regulatory measures do not influence their daily work much, the Irish teachers, and also the Swedish teachers, tend to feel the increasing influence of control and accountability. Obviously, despite the similarities in formal policy and education acts, there are different kinds of restructuring operating in Finland, Ireland and Sweden.
Neoliberal Policy and the Meaning of Counterintuitive Middle-class School Choices
Authors: James David , Reay Diane , Crozier Gill , Beedell Phoebe , Hollingworth Sumi , Jamieson Fiona , Williams Katya
Published: July 2010

This article considers how the nature and effects of neoliberal policy in education are illuminated by the outcomes of a study of white middle-class families choosing ordinary state secondary schools in England. Having described the main features of the study and some of its findings, consideration is given to specific ‘global’ dimensions — one in terms of parental perceptions and the other drawing upon analysis of the global effects of neoliberalism, an example of which is illustrated with reference to an influential UK policy. The article concludes that the conditions so generated not only provide advantages to those making conventional choices in keeping with a marketized service, but that they may also bring advantages to middle-class families making ‘counterintuitive’ choices as well.
For an Education that Makes the Most out of Globalization
Authors: Papageorgiou Ira
Published: July 2010

As our world is becoming increasingly globalized, education — being part of the social sphere — cannot remain unaffected. This article explores the impact that the intermingling of culturally mixed populations and of diverse worldviews has on learning in postindustrial societies. Having reviewed the educational approaches that have so far ineffectively endeavoured to deal with Otherness, this article proposes the application of the ‘critical interculturalist approach’ — an approach that challenges the excluding patterns in postindustrial globalized societies, while at the same time building on globalization’s potential for generating a more pluralistic and inclusive society.
Gender differences in the knowledge, attitude and practice towards mental health illness in a rapidly developing Arab society
Authors: Bener Abdulbari , Ghuloum Suhaila
Published: July 2010

Background: Mental disorders are common in all countries and cause immense suffering. Both gender and low socioeconomic status have been related to depression and other common mental disorders, but their possible relationship to mental health literacy remains uncertain.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the gender differences in knowledge, attitudes and practices towards mental illness in a sample of Qatari and other Arab expatriates residing in the State of Qatar.

Design: This is a cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Primary healthcare centres in the State of Qatar.

Subjects: A multi-stage sampling design was used and a representative sample of 3,300 Qatari and other Arab expatriates above 20 years of age were surveyed during the period from October 2008 to June 2009. Of the study sample of 3,300, 2,514 subjects (76.2%) expressed their consent to participate.

Methods: A questionnaire was designed to assess the gender difference in knowledge, attitudes and practice towards mental illness.This questionnaire was administered to the Arab adult population above 20 years of age who were attending primary healthcare centres for various reasons other than mental illness. Face-to-face interviews were based on this questionnaire, which included variables on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and practice towards mental illness.

Results: Of the study sample, 49.2% were men and 50.8% were women. Overall, the studied women held more to the cultural beliefs related to some aspects of mental illness. For example, more women than men believed that mental illness is due to possession by evil spirits. Also, nearly half of the women thought traditional healers can treat mental illness; this belief was significantly lower in men. Some of the women considered people with mental illness as dangerous; a belief also significantly lower in men. Men had a better attitude towards mental illness than women. Men were more willing to visit a psychiatrist for their emotional problems, while women preferred a traditional healer. Women were more afraid than men to talk to the mentally ill. Knowledge of common mental illnesses was generally poor, and it seemed to be lower among women. Men obtained more information than women from the media; women favoured healthcare staff more than men did.

Conclusion: The study reveals that men had better knowledge, beliefs and attitudes towards mental illness than women. Most of the women were afraid and not willing to keep friendships with the mentally ill. The results of this study underline the importance of information in changing people’s attitude towards mental illness. Recognition of common mental disorders was very poor in men and women.
Penetration of Blade-Applied Viscous Coatings into Yarns in a Woven Fabric
Authors: Yesilalan H. Esin , Warner Steven B. , Laoulache Raymond
Published: July 2010

We developed a model based on first principles — Darcy’s law and lubrication theory — that can be used to predict the intra-yarn penetration depth of a coating applied to a fabric using the knife-over-roll technique. We verified the model by studying the penetration of a polyurethane coating formulation onto a woven nylon substrate. The results show that the penetration depth was greatest, 41 µm, when the gap between the blade and the substrate was smallest; however, we varied application speed and coating viscosity as well as gap distance. The minimum penetration depth was 18 µm, or about one fiber diameter, as determined by analysis based on scanning electron micrographs. Although the calculated penetration depths were about three times less than the measured depths, at least in part because of the many approximations and assumptions required by our derivations that are based on first principles, we consider the agreement to be good. The work brought out another important result: neither viscosity nor coating speed affected penetration depth.
Enhancing Dye Adsorption of Wool Fibers with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid Processing
Authors: Jiugang Yuan  , Qiang Wang  , Xuerong Fan  , Ping Wang
Published: July 2010

In this paper, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid (IL) which has good solubility for wool keratin, was employed to treat the wool fibers. The characterization of IL treatment on the wool fibers was first investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Allwörden reaction and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Then, the effect of the IL treatment on the wool adsorption properties for an acid dye was studied through the dyeing rate test. The IL treatment was proven to be an effective process for wool characterization. The scales of the IL-treated wool fibers were eroded and even dislodged when the treatment temperature was increased according to the SEM observations. The Allwörden reaction showed that the epicuticle of wool fibers was damaged and became incomplete after the IL treatment. XRD indicated that the IL treatments could cause the decrease in the degree of crystallinity of wool fibers. Furthermore, the adsorption and diffusion behaviors of the IL-treated wool samples showed that the ionic liquid modification could improve the sorption properties of the wool fibers as represented by the increases in the dyeing rate.
An Extension of Least Squares Estimation of IRT Linking Coefficients for the Graded Response Model
Authors: Kim Seonghoon
Published: July 2010

The three types (generalized, unweighted, and weighted) of least squares methods, proposed by Ogasawara, for estimating item response theory (IRT) linking coefficients under dichotomous models are extended to the graded response model. A simulation study was conducted to confirm the accuracy of the extended formulas, and a real data study was carried out to compare the performance of the least squares methods with that of moment and characteristic curve linking methods. As found in Ogasawara’s study, the generalized least squares method had the smallest asymptotic standard errors but the largest biases of linking coefficient estimates, whereas the unweighted least squares method had the largest asymptotic standard errors but the smallest biases. The weighted least squares method was intermediate. The comparison study showed that with large samples, the weighted least squares method performed nearly as well as the characteristic curve methods in linking accuracy.
A Procedure for Controlling General Test Overlap in Computerized Adaptive Testing
Authors: Chen Shu-Ying
Published: July 2010

To date, exposure control procedures that are designed to control test overlap in computerized adaptive tests (CATs) are based on the assumption of item sharing between pairs of examinees. However, in practice, examinees may obtain test information from more than one previous test taker. This larger scope of information sharing needs to be considered in conducting test overlap control. The purpose of this study is to propose a test overlap control method such that the proportion of overlapping items encountered by an examinee with a group of previous examinees (described as general test overlap rate) can be controlled. Results indicated that item exposure rate and general test overlap rate could be simultaneously controlled by implementing the procedure. In addition, these two indices were controlled on the fly without any iterative simulations conducted prior to operational CATs. Thus, the proposed procedure would be an efficient method for controlling both the item exposure and general test overlap in CATs.
Automatic Detection of Answer Copying via Kullback-Leibler Divergence and K-Index
Authors: Belov Dmitry I. , Armstrong Ronald D.
Published: July 2010

This article presents a new method to detect copying on a standardized multiple-choice exam. The method combines two statistical approaches in successive stages. The first stage uses Kullback-Leibler divergence to identify examinees, called subjects, who have demonstrated inconsistent performance during an exam. For each subject the second stage uses the K-Index to search for a possible source of the responses. Both stages apply a hypothesis test given a significance level. Monte Carlo methods are applied to approximate empirical distributions and then compute critical values providing a low Type I error rate and a good copying-detection rate. The results with both simulated and empirical data demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Are Actuarial Risk Data Used to Make Determinations of Sex Offender Risk Classification?
Authors: Blasko Brandy L. , Jeglic Elizabeth L. , Mercado Cynthia Calkins
Published: July 2010

This study examined whether evaluators use actuarial risk scores and risk information to make determinations about sex offender risk status for the purpose of enhanced registration and notification. Although it was expected that sexual offenders selected for enhanced registration and notification would have higher scores on actuarial risk assessment tools than those who were not selected, few differences were found between groups with regard to risk factors associated with sexual offense recidivism. Given that actuarial tools enhance the prediction of sexual recidivism, this study may shed light on problems in the implementation of sex offender policy measures. Results are discussed as they pertain to the assessment and application of registration and community notification statutes for sexual offenders.
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations in Langerhans’ Cell Histiocytosis Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Mimouni-Bloch Aviva , Schneider Carolina , Elishkevitz Politi Keren , Konen Osnat , Gothelf Doron , Stark Batia , Yaniv Isaac , Shuper Avinoam
Published: July 2010

The spectrum of the possible manifestations of Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis in children is very wide, ranging from a simple rash to major multiorgan disease. There may be hypothalamic and pituitary dysfunction or more global neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations when the central nervous system is affected. The cerebellum is preferentially affected for yet undetermined reasons. The clinical presentation includes motor dysfunction as well as cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric expression of the ongoing neurodegeneration. We report a young patient with Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis who underwent an unusual course of psychiatric deterioration.
Managing uncertainties: The making of the IPCC’s Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage
Authors: Narita Daiju
Published: July 2010

Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is a technology that receives growing recognition because of its extremely great in mitigating climate change. However, uncertainties concerning the viability of this approach exist. With this background, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published a report in 2005 assessing of CCS. This article discusses the compilation process of the report, based on information collected through interviews with key participants and document research, highlighting how CCS’s key uncertainties were estimated in the face of two disparate needs: scientific rigor and policy relevance.
Overcoming Barriers to Conducting an Intervention Study of Depression in an Older African American Population
Authors: Shellman Juliette , Mokel Melissa
Published: July 2010

The purpose of this article is to describe barriers and strengths of a study testing the effects of reminiscence on depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older African Americans. Primary data sources included debriefing sessions, reflective journals, participant observations, and key informant interviews. Data were analyzed using immersion/crystallization technique. Mistrust between gatekeepers and universities, recruitment and retention of research assistants and participants, culturally insensitive instruments, and stigma associated with depression were barriers. Successful approaches used to overcome the barriers experienced by the research team are described. Implications for transcultural nursing research and practice are discussed.
The Role of Parental History of Hypertension in Predicting Hypertension Risk Factors in Black Americans
Authors: Barksdale Debra J. , Metiko Esther
Published: July 2010

Purpose: Black Americans have the highest prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in the United States. HTN has multiple contributors including hereditary, social, psychological, and lifestyle factors. The purpose of this study was to compare HTN risk factors in Black Americans with and without parental history of HTN. Design: Using a descriptive-correlational design, a secondary analysis was conducted with data from 211 participants (64 men and 147 women) between 25 and 79 years of age. Findings: Parental history of HTN, body mass index (BMI), age, gender, and income explained almost 25% ( R2 = .249) of the variance in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 15% ( R2= .152) of the variance in diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Neither SBP ( t = 1.921, p = .056) nor DBP ( t = .993, p = .332) differed significantly based on parental history of HTN, although those with parental history of HTN ( n = 102) were significantly younger ( t = 3.955, p = .001). BMI was significantly related to blood pressure (BP) ( b = 1.323, p <. 001). Conclusion: Parental history of HTN was not strongly associated with HTN risk factors or BP in this sample. Practice Implications: Regardless of family history, clinicians should implement strategies that target obesity in Black Americans who are at high risk for developing HTN.
Partner Violence Against Korean Immigrant Women
Authors: Han Angela D. , Kim Eun Jung , Tyson Sheryl Y.
Published: July 2010

The purpose of this review article is to explore the phenomenon of partner violence against Korean immigrant women in the United States by using an ecological model. Analysis of the macrosystem (Korean cultural factors), exosystem (immigration stress), and microsystem (marital power dynamic, family role transitions) factors and personal history and characteristics of Korean male batterers (alcohol use and avoidant attachment style) are examined. The health impact of partner violence in family members and recommendations to decrease the violence are discussed.
Social Support, Stress, and Practice of Prenatal Care in Married Immigrant Women in Korea
Authors: Kim Yeon A , Choi So Young , Ryu Eunjung
Published: July 2010

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the correlations among social support, stress, and practice of prenatal care and elucidate the predictors affecting the practice of prenatal care in married immigrant women in Korea. Method: This study employed a descriptive correlational design with 165 married immigrant women in Korea. Results: Social support and prenatal-care practice were positively correlated, and stress was negatively correlated with both prenatal-care practice and social support. The practice of prenatal care in married immigrant women was most influenced by social support. Conclusion: As such, there is a need for nursing intervention that fosters social support for pregnant immigrant women. Concerted efforts are also required to reduce their stressors. This study could form the basis for developing childbirth management programs for pregnant women who have immigrated to Korea in order to marry.
Organizational Culture, Quality of Work Life, and Organizational Effectiveness in Korean University Hospitals
Authors: An Ji-Young , Yom Young-Hee , Ruggiero Jeanne S.
Published: July 2010

Purpose: This study investigated correlates and predictors of organizational effectiveness, focusing on organizational culture and quality of work life. Design: Convenience sample of 145 nurses working in Korean university hospitals responded to a self-administered questionnaire. Findings: There were significant correlations between organizational culture, quality of work life, and organizational effectiveness. R2 was 44.7% in the hierarchical multiple regression model, explaining and predicting organizational effectiveness. Discussion: Intact organizational culture and quality of work life for nurses will undoubtedly lead to improved organizational effectiveness. Without efficient and effective nursing care, desired patient outcomes cannot be achieved.
Parent Perspectives From a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Missing Piece of the Culturally Congruent Care Puzzle
Authors: Wiebe Adrienne , Young Brenda
Published: July 2010

The majority of existing theoretical models and tools of culturally competent and congruent care have been developed from the health care provider perspective. Recently, the Culturally Congruent Care Puzzle proposed a model in the form of a three-dimensional puzzle with a provider level and a client level that interact to create the outcome level, which is culturally congruent care. However, the constructs that comprise the client, or patient, level, have not yet been clearly articulated. This study explored parent (client/patient) perceptions of culturally congruent care within a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit based on interviews with culturally diverse families with hospitalized infants ( n = 21). The findings identified four primary constructs in the client/patient level: (a) a provider—client relationship of caring and trust, (b) respectful and appropriate communication, (c) culturally responsive and accessible social and spiritual supports, and (d) a welcoming and flexible organizational environment. These four interconnecting pieces are infused with the sociopolitical history and dynamics of culture, ethnicity, immigration, and colonization that clients/patients bring to their experience of health and health care. These elements of the client/patient level also interact with the provider level in various ways.
The Prospects and Limits of Eco-Consumerism: Shopping Our Way to Less Deforestation?
Authors: Dauvergne Peter , Lister Jane
Published: July 2010

Firms and governments are increasingly turning to voluntary programs such as eco-certification and eco-labeling as core instruments for managing forests. To probe the prospects and limits of this shift toward eco-consumerism as a mechanism for global change, this article analyzes its value for improving forest management globally. It reveals that eco-consumerism is improving some aspects; yet, for both supply and demand-side reasons, the advances are incremental and unequal and overall doing little to slow deforestation. The article therefore highlights the danger of overestimating the potential of voluntary eco-certification and advances a set of policy and management solutions to enhance the effectiveness of eco-consumer initiatives such as forest certification. Solutions include internal incremental adjustments to certification programs, coordinated alongside more fundamental external systemic changes in the marketing, industrial use, and valuation of the world’s forests.
From Metabolic Rift to “Metabolic Value”: Reflections on Environmental Sociology and the Alternative Globalization Movement
Authors: Salleh Ariel
Published: July 2010

On the assumption that good theory is informed by praxis and vice versa, the essay brings sociological theory together with the alternative globalization movement. The responses of this emerging global civil society to contemporary environmental crises indicate that understandings of labor and value that evolved with industrial capital need to be broadened. The essay opens up this process with an outline of how capitalist production undermines its own social metabolism, a “metabolic rift,” that is maintained by the ideological separation of ecology and economics. However, from a grassroots perspective, it is clear that a conceptual vacuum exists between these two disciplines—a space in which a third discourse waits to be articulated. This subliminal “other” sphere of labor and value centers on reproduction of the humanity—nature metabolism by those whose labor is marginalized by capital—unpaid caregivers, peasants, and indigenous gatherers. The terms meta-industrial labor and metabolic value spell out the material, rift-healing, contribution of this unnamed international class. The essay seeks recognition for a vernacular science, an integrated movement strategy, and more inclusive social theory.
The Response of Honeycomb Core Sandwich Panels, with Aluminum and Composite Face Sheets, to Blast Loading
Authors: Langdon G.S. , Nurick G.N. , Yahya M. Yazid , Cantwell W.J.
Published: July 2010

The results of blast tests on sandwich panels with honeycomb cores are reported. Two core heights (13 mm and 25 mm) and two face sheet materials (glass fiber epoxy composite and aluminum alloy) were investigated. Increasing the core thickness reduced the permanent displacements exhibited by the sandwich panels. The panels with composite face sheets also exhibited smaller residual displacements than the aluminum face sheet counterparts. Damage took the form of core crushing, core shearing, debonding of the face sheet from the core, permanent displacement, cracking of the composite face sheets, and tearing. Higher damage levels were observed at elevated impulse levels. Load localization was found to concentrate the damage to the central portion of the panel, preventing the whole panel being employed in resisting the blast.
Gene-Environment Interaction for Hypertension Among African American Women Across Generations
Authors: Taylor Jacquelyn Y. , Sun Yan V. , Hunt Steven C. , Kardia Sharon L.R.
Published: July 2010

African American women have the highest prevalence of hypertension and obesity of any group in the United States. African American girls have the highest incidence of obesity of any groups of children in the nation, and diagnoses of hypertension have been rising among this group. Because both genetic heredity and body mass index (BMI) are important risk factors for hypertension, this study examined the gene-BMI interaction for hypertension across the lifespan in two generations of African American women. Participants comprised of 868 African American women in the parent cohort and 322 in the offspring cohort from the Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network (HyperGEN) study, part of the Family Blood Pressure Program (FBPP). A total of 115 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were evaluated among the parent cohort and 491 among the offspring cohort for tests of SNP-BMI interaction using methods of false discovery rate (FDR; <.20) and examination of minor allele frequency (MAF; >.05) and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (>.10). One SNP (located in the CAPN 13 gene, rs1879282) passed adjustments for the multiple testing mentioned above and had a significant (p < .01) gene-BMI interaction on both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) among African American female offspring. The rs1879282 SNP is located on chromosome 2 on the calpain (CAPN) 13 gene, which is part of a family of cytosolic calcium-activated proteases involved in apoptosis, cell division, modulation of integrin—cytoskeletal interactions, and synaptic plasticity. This SNP was not available for testing in the African American parent cohort.
Towards a new perspective in cultural studies
Authors: Zevnik Luka
Published: July 2010

The principal aim of this article is to attempt to further develop Barker’s discussion about a new, additional perspective in cultural studies based on the identification of a new set of problems in contemporary Western society, which are emotional and spiritual in form. Drawing from late Foucauldian theory and neuroscience, it argues that in order to fundamentally change individual experience and to solve emotional and spiritual problems a proper transformation of one’s physical brain structure is needed, which can only be undertaken through certain continuous practices as part of one’s relationship with oneself. Discussing the role cultural studies could play in solving emotional and spiritual problems, it proposes that cultural studies could prove most effective in articulating a wider inter/transdisciplinary political project that would coordinate attempts from various fields and disciplines, and which would help us to move into a culture of contentment. Outlining such a political project, it argues that such a project should include a critical account of the emotions and spirituality and how they relate to issues of power, and also a genealogical analysis of the historical, ethical and existential conditions for transformation of the subject.
Iron Chef around the world
Authors: Lukacs Gabriella
Published: July 2010

Iron Chef is a Japanese television show in which cooks from around the world challenge the chefs of an eccentric millionaire. By appealing to audiences worldwide, Iron Chef epitomized a new trend in international media trade — a conspicuous rise in the exports of made-in-Japan media entertainment. Scholars have argued that this trend testifies to a shift in Japan’s status in the realm of soft power. This article uses the case of Iron Chef as an entry point to discuss the analytical limitations of the soft power discourse in theorizing shifting patterns of cultural globalization. I argue that this discourse fails to capture the complexities of how cable networks use and how viewers respond to imported media entertainment. I conclude that soft power is a tale of Euro-American modernity that renationalizes transnational cultural traffic in reaction to anxieties that the decentering forces of global capitalism will corrupt the sovereignty of the nation-state.
Contact with Birth Parents
Authors: Curtis Reagan , Pearson Frances
Published: July 2010

• Summary: Adults adopted as infants ( N = 130) in the United States were surveyed to determine the degree to which they experienced psychological effects of adoption during adolescence and adulthood and the relationship between psychological effects and whether or not they had contact with their birth parents.

• Findings: Those who were in contact reported more psychological issues than those who were not in contact. A qualitative analysis of comments made by the respondents demonstrated differences in the types of issues associated with difficulties depending upon whether they had contact with their birth parents or not.

• Applications : The results are discussed in light of the literature on searching behaviors among adopted individuals.
Understanding Attrition and Predicting Employment Durations of Former Staff in a Public Social Service Organization
Authors: Thaden Emily , Jacobs-Priebe Lynette , Evans Scot
Published: July 2010

• Summary: This study examines factors related to employee attrition in a US state social service organization (SSSO) that administers welfare, food stamps, and Medicaid.

• Findings: Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 132 former SSSO employees. Qualitative analyses found that informants reported insufficient resources to do their jobs, inconsistent or inadequate training experiences, negative perceptions of the organizational culture and management (e.g. minimal recognition and inadequate support for professional growth or innovation), and typically positive perceptions of co-worker relationships during their tenures at the SSSO. To examine the relative impact of these factors and background variables (age, race, office location, and position) on duration of employment, a multiple linear regression was conducted. Age, office location, position, and perceptions of organizational culture significantly predicted duration of employment ( F(7,123) = 24.19, p < .001, R2 = .56).

• Application: Findings suggest that organizational culture may be an important change target for retaining workers in SSSOs.
Rousseau, Burke’s Vindication of Natural Society, and Revolutionary Ideology
Authors: Hampsher-Monk Iain
Published: July 2010

Reading Burke’s Vindication of Natural Society as targeting Rousseau insinuates continuity between Burke’s preoccupations in that work and his later opposition to Rousseau as supposedly also based on radical state-of-nature arguments. But neither contextual nor intra-textual evidence supports any Rousseau— Vindication connection, and the putative link implicitly misreads Burke’s preoccupation in the Vindication , the grounds of his critique of Rousseau, and the role Burke ascribes to the latter in the revolution. The real target of the Vindication was Bolingbroke’s application of philosophical rationalism to religion. This kind of argument he only later came to see applied to politics. Burke’s later opposition to Rousseau is based not on the revolutionaries’ (dubious) claim that Rousseau endorsed their radical state-of-nature and natural rights discourse, but on Rousseau’s espousal of a new moral psychology opposed to Christian deontology. This was the ‘revolution in manners’ which made the revolution possible and for which Rousseau provided a philosophical underpinning.
The Millennium Development Goals and tobacco control
Authors: Collishaw Neil E.
Published: July 2010

The eight Millennium Development Goals were proposed by the UN Secretary-General in 2001. They are goals with measurable targets to be achieved by 2015 or earlier. The Goals were distilled from the 2000 United Nations Millennium Declaration, a sweeping statement of development values, principles, objectives and proposed actions. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) is a demonstrable translation of some of the ideas in the Millennium Declaration into reality. With 165i Parties, the FCTC does more than just improve global tobacco control:

• The FCTC contributes to achievement of many of the Millennium Development Goals, and benefits from success in implementation of the Goals in other sectors.

• The treaty itself is a demonstration of strengthened international and national rule of law, central tenets of the Millennium Declaration.

• The FCTC expands international law into the health sector and provides better balance of international law among economic, environmental, social and health sectors. The Millennium Declaration calls for a more equitable distribution of the benefits of globalization, and the FCTC delivers this result.

• The FCTC provides a model for addressing other unsolved global problems through greater use of international law. Alcohol control and dietary improvements including greater control of empty calories in manufactured foods are examples of problems that may benefit from greater governance by international law. Were that to come to pass, those new treaties would also improve implementation of the Millennium Declaration and the Millennium Development Goals.
Using System Dynamics tools to gain insight into intervention options related to the interaction between tobacco and tuberculosis
Authors: Hassmiller Lich Kristen , Osgood Nathaniel D. , Mahamoud Aziza
Published: July 2010

Tobacco exposure is an important risk factor for tuberculosis (TB) when considering its effects on population-level disease outcomes. If we hope to gain control over TB globally, we must begin to think ‘outside of the box’ to identify an extended and multi-faceted intervention strategy that is grounded in an understanding of the particular ways in which key risk factors worsen TB. In light of the role of tobacco exposure as an important, identifiable, modifiable, and preventable risk factor for TB, efforts aiming at reducing tobacco use merit inclusion in such a comprehensive TB control program. The goal of this paper is to share the conceptual framework we have developed using System Dynamics methodology, which diagrams the likely effects of tobacco exposure on TB dynamics in a typical low-income country setting. Using this framework as a guide, we leverage an understanding of the likely mechanisms by which tobacco exposure affects TB risk to systematically explore TB control intervention options. We hope that this paper will help inspire new approaches to extend and enhance traditional TB control efforts. We also hope that the conceptual framework will spark further discussion and research on this important and potentially explosive combination of global public health crises.
Governance beyond governments: the role of NGOs in the implementation of the FCTC
Authors: Sparks Michael
Published: July 2010

The implementation of the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) has seen increased participation of a range of new players in the governance of this, the world’s first global public health treaty. While much research is conducted into the efficacy of activities to influence tobacco use (and other critically important aspects of tobacco control), there is not a correspondingly high level of research activity targeting an understanding of what the FCTC process means from a global governance perspective. This paper notes the critical level of NGO participation in the implementation of the FCTC with implicit implications for the ongoing governance of the treaty. It is posited that understanding the role of NGOs in the FCTC’s governance structures will contribute to a better understanding of the global governance issues arising from the Framework. (Global Health Promotion, 2010; Supp (1): pp. 67—72)
New frontiers for the sustainable prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs): a view from sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Lins Nancy E. , Jones Catherine M. , Nilson Jane R.
Published: July 2010

Largely overshadowed by infectious disease, the global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is equally as serious and requires urgent attention. Fostering political will to address this pandemic in low- and middle-income countries where the burden of NCD is accelerating is essential. The World Health Organization urges member states to strengthen efforts to address the burden of NCD. Through facilitated discussions with prominent leaders in sub-Saharan Africa, the American Cancer Society and the International Union of Health Promotion and Education addressed facilitators, barriers and mechanisms for action to support integration of diseases into an NCD framework. Viewpoints on next steps, including gathering information, conducting surveillance and training on advocacy, were identified to emphasize the commitment and resources necessary to succeed against this pandemic.
Advances in health promotion in Africa: promoting health through hospitals
Authors: Delobelle Peter , Onya Hans , Langa Cynthia , Mashamba Joyce , Depoorter Anne Marie
Published: July 2010

A district hospital in a rural area of the Limpopo Province in South Africa has recently been launched as a ‘Health Promoting Hospital’, based on the principles of the Ottawa Charter and according to standards developed by WHO-Europe. The initiative was conceived as a project in partnership with stakeholders from the local community and is considered a pilot by Provincial health authorities, representing an advance in health promotion practice in the region. The project was designed as a research intervention, guided by the principles of critical action research integrated with the Precede-Proceed model for the systematic evaluation of health promotion and education. This commentary reports on the process undertaken in successfully transforming this community-based hospital into a Health Promoting Hospital by integrating the concept, values and standards of health promotion into its structure and culture, thereby creating a healthy setting and promoting the health and wellbeing of the hospital’s staff, its patients, and their relatives
Childhood obesity and physical inactivity threat in Africa: strategies for a healthy future
Authors: Onywera Vincent O.
Published: July 2010

Childhood obesity continues to be a serious public health problem across the globe. The problem is increasingly affecting both developing and developed countries alike, albeit at different rates. In Africa, the problem seems to be aggravated by the nutrition and physical activity transition currently taking place, which is leading to an increase in the use of energy-saving devices, the availability of cheap high-calorie dense foods and limited participation in physical activity at home and at school. The situation is complicated by socio-cultural beliefs in which obesity and overweight are admired traits and seen as a sign of wealth, prestige and the ‘good life’. Efforts and strategies are therefore needed in order to address the child obesity problem which is starting to show among most African countries. This paper gives some possible strategies which might help in preventing the child obesity and physical inactivity threat in Africa.
Santé de la reproduction des adolescents : les déterminants de l’implication des professionnels dans la prévention des maladies non transmissibles
Authors: Jourdan Didier , Diagne Fatou , Diouf Alassane , Mannix McNamara Patricia , Berger Dominique
Published: July 2010

Dans le domaine de la santé de la reproduction, l’essentiel des actions de prévention visant les adolescents est centré sur les maladies transmissibles. En fait, les problèmes qui affectent la santé de la reproduction ne sont pas limités aux maladies transmissibles. Prévenir les maladies non transmissives nécessite de se placer dans une dynamique de changement à long terme dans une perspective de la promotion de la santé de la reproduction. Tous les acteurs sociaux sont concernés. Ce commentaire est centré sur la question de la mobilisation des professionnels du système éducatif au Sénégal. Les données montrent le caractère surdéterminant des représentations personnelles ellesmêmes fortement conditionnées par le contexte social. Les acteurs insistent sur le besoin de formation. Des pistes quant à la création des conditions de possibilité de l’engagement des acteurs dans des dynamiques de prévention et de promotion sont proposées.
Reimplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is potentially unsafe
Authors: Dolmans Marie-Madeleine , Marinescu Cristina , Saussoy Pascale , Van Langendonckt Anne , Amorim Christiani , Donnez Jacques
Published: July 2010

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is currently proposed to young cancer patients to preserve their fertility before radiochemotherapy. The potential risk is that the tissue might harbor malignant cells that could induce disease recurrence. We therefore decided to evaluate the presence of leukemic cells in cryopreserved ovarian tissue from 18 leukemic patients: 6 with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and 12 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In each case, histology, quantitative reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and long-term (6 months) xenografting to immunodeficient mice were used. Histology did not identify any malignant cells in the ovarian tissue. By quantitative RT-PCR, 2 of 6 CML patients were positive for BCR-ABL in their ovarian tissue. Among the 12 ALL patients, 7 of the 10 with available molecular markers showed positive leukemic markers in their ovarian tissue (translocations or rearrangement genes). Four mice grafted with ovarian tissue from ALL patients developed intraperitoneal leukemic masses. In conclusion, this study demonstrates, by quantitative RT-PCR, ovarian contamination by malignant cells in acute as well as chronic leukemia, whereas histology fails to do so. Moreover, chemotherapy before ovarian cryopreservation does not exclude malignant contamination. Finally, reimplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue from ALL and CML patients puts them at risk of disease recurrence.