bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explicit and Implicit Memory Loss in Aging
Authors: Hicks Richard E. , Alexander Victoria E. , Bahr Mark
Published: August 2018

How our memory is affected as we age has been given considerable attention over recent decades as we strive to understand the cognitive processes involved. Memory types have been identified as either explicit (declarative - related to episodes or semantics) or implicit (non-declarative – related to procedures, habits, or earlier priming). Studies have identified likely age-related decline in explicit but not implicit memory though there are opposing results suggested from other studies. It is thought cognitive reserve capacities might explain any non-decline as aging individuals use alternative or additional pathways to ‘remember’. This theory might be supported indirectly if older members remember material accurately but take longer to supply answers. In our current study we re-examined whether age-related differences in accuracy and speed of access in memory are present in both implicit and explicit memory processes and we increased the number of experimental age groups (from 2 to 3) - most previous studies have compared just two groups (young, and old). With three groups (young, middle-old, and older aged groups) we can identify trends across the age range towards deterioration or preservation of memory. We examined sixty-six participants (49 females; 17 males) aged 18 to 86 years (M = 50.27, SD = 21.06) from South-Eastern Queensland and divided these into younger (18 to 46 years of age), middle old (50 to 64) and older aged (65+) cohorts. Participants were administered tasks assessing implicit and explicit memory using computer presentations. Consistent with most prior research, no age differences were identified on accuracy in the implicit memory tasks (verbal and non-verbal, including priming), suggesting that memory for implicit material remains preserved. However, on the explicit memory tasks, older adults performed less accurately than the younger adults, indicative of decline in explicit memory as we age. The finding of a decline in explicit memory but no significant decline in implicit memory confirms most earlier research and is consistent with a view of modular decline rather than overall decline in memory with increasing age. In addition, differences found in speed of response in otherwise accurate implicit memory with older respondents significantly slower, suggests possible support for the cognitive reserve hypothesis.
RHF and DFT Study of the Molecular and Electronic Properties of (SiO2)n and (GeO2)n Nanoclusters
Authors: Ndikilar Chifu E. , Taura L. S. , Ejuh G. W. , Muhammad A.
Published: August 2018

The study of nanoclusters has attracted a lot of scientific research over the years. This class of materials are important because they bridge the gap between bulk materials and molecular structures. Silicon and Germanium oxides have many applications in semiconductor technology and nanotechnology. In this research work, molecular and electronic properties of Silicon and Germanium dioxide nanoclusters are studied. The results obtained reveal the comparative advantages and disadvantages of using any of the two oxides for particular applications. Restricted Hartree Fock and Density Functional Theory computations of the molecular and electronic properties of (SiO2)n and (GeO2)n nanoclusters (n = 1,..,6) are studied. Silicon dioxide clusters are found to have higher thermal energies and lower average bond lengths and are thus more stable than Germanium dioxide clusters. At n = 1, both nanoclusters are non-polar, but gradually become more polar with increase in n. The average polarizability, molecular hyperpolarizability and total thermal energies of the nanoclusters increases with increase in molecular size. Computed values of the electron affinities for (SiO2)n clusters agree with experimental results. Some of the most intense Infra Red vibrational motions observed in both molecules are anti-symmetric stretching of Si=O/Ge-O and chain in plane, symmetric stretching of the Si=O/Ge-O bonds and chain in plane and symmetric twisting/breathing of the chain(s) in plane. The two nanoclusters are also Raman active at some frequencies.
Security sciences and their research areas
Authors: Jakubczyk Tomasz
Published: August 2018

The specificity of the 21st century filled with economic and social problems, acts of terror as well as armed conflicts downrightly necessitates undertaking the research in the field of security sciences. However, each time defining a subject of scientific research is of the utmost importance in order to systemize research works and mainly concretize interests. Such the aim was chosen by the author of the current article who, while presenting the orientations of individual scientific theoreticians and researchers dealing with security issues, answers the subject matter question: What does constitute the subject of the research in security sciences? The author’s inquiries were preceded by the explanation of the types of security and its scope within individual cases, which includes the essence of national and international security. In the further part of the article the author’s attention was focused on the sphere of methodology in security sciences. The author notices that the subject of research in the security science is of multidimensional character hence explanation, description, analyzing, assessing and forecasting the consequences of ongoing processes and events in the security sphere, together with initiation of activities which serve for ensuring security, require applying the knowledge from various scientific disciplines, domains and fields. In the following part of the article the attempt to define the subject of research in security sciences and drawing the conclusions within that field was undertaken. The author cites the orientations by A. Dawidczyk and T. Jemiolo according to whom the subject of research in security sciences is defined as the threat coming from human surroundings and all the activities aiming at ensuring and maintaining security for a man. The article is summarized by the conclusions where it was determined that in security sciences, the security, its components, ratio, level and relations with respect to the subject of research are studied.
‘KRAB’ – new capabilities of the Polish Armed Forces
Authors: Swietochowski Norbert , Rewak Dariusz
Published: August 2018

The implementation of 155 mm self-propelled howitzers ‘Krab’ into the Missile and Artillery Forces significantly improve their capabilities. Apart the howitzer, the battalion fire module ‘Regina’ consists of specialized command, reconnaissance, support and ammunition vehicles. The caliber of the howitzer adjusted to NATO standards allows for the application of the common ammunition, including precision-guided, with the range up to 40 km, which will enable striking the important targets in the enemy’s rear combat zone. An artillery battalion (battery) equipped with the self-propelled howitzer ‘Krab’ owing to usage of the precision-guided munitions during the engagement will gain unprecedented capabilities with regards to impacting a target. Moreover, the battalion will be able to successfully fulfill tasks, which until recently could be executed by a general-military commander with the support of anti-tank reserves, tank subunits, special forces or tactical surface-to-surface missiles. The paper proposes organizational structures of the ‘Krab’ artillery battalion, variants of order of battle and methods of fire tasks execution.
Analysis of impact of aeration modifications on strength parameters of concrete under fire conditions
Authors: Ogrodnik Pawel , Zegardlo Bartosz
Published: August 2018

Modern dynamically developing building industry poses more and more complex challenges to building materials. Elevated constructions must satisfy a number of requirements including safety, durability and being environmentally friendly. The unfavorable impact of increased temperatures on the work of a construction structure is manifested by the change in the properties of the heated material and the occurrence of deformation, stresses and thermal scratches. These are particularly dangerous phenomena when they occur in elements with limited freedom of linear deformation. The purpose of the research presented in this article was to find a solution for concrete that is both resistant to spalling and characterized by high strength properties after heating. The main thesis put forward by the authors of the article is the assumption that deliberate concrete aeration will allow the introduction of evenly distributed micro air bubbles into its volume, which will constitute a reservoir for increasing the volume of water converting into water vapor as a result of a sudden increase in temperature. The presented schema enabled the assumption that the strength parameters of aerated concrete would decrease slightly in relation to non-aerated concrete, however it would be still possible to use in reinforced concrete constructions. As can be seen from the aforementioned analyzes, aeration modification can be an effective means of designing high temperature resistant concrete.
New solution to increase the safety of operating system with hydrostatic drive
Authors: Siwulski Tomasz , Warzynska Urszula
Published: August 2018

Hydraulic actuators that commonly used in machine work systems are not equipped with protection features preventing the autonomous insertion and extension of a piston rod because of the influence of external forces. Consequently, a spontaneous fall of working circuits in the event of the loss of tightness of supply lines of an actuator may occur. Currently applied safety features that are sometimes mounted directly on hydraulic cylinders as in the case of mining machinery intended for exploitation in black coal mines protect working systems from uncontrolled lowering. However, their design forces the drive to be started to make it safe to leave the work system. If, for any reason, the drive system of a machine cannot be started and the work system is raised, its lowering can take place only by unsealing the hydraulic system, which is unforeseeable for constructors and carries the danger of crushing a person or persons involved. The paper presents a new solution for hydraulic cylinders, which enables, among other things, the controlled and safe insertion of a piston rod under load without the need for having the drive system started.
Heat Transfer Calculations in Barrel Cover of 35 mm Naval Armament System Gun
Authors: LECIEJEWSKI Zbigniew , KONIORCZYK Piotr , DĘBSKI Andrzej , PREISKORN Marek , SURMA Zbigniew , ZMYWACZYK Janusz
Published: August 2018

This paper presents the results of numerical simulations of non-stationary heat transfer in a 35 mm anti-air gun barrel cover made of composite materials. The cover protects the gun against weather conditions, including sea water effects, and serves as a protection against mechanical damage. It was assumed that heat coercion in this problem will be the heat condition reached by the material of the barrel with the cover removed, after firing three bursts of 7 shells each, 120 s after opening fire. It was assumed, that in the second 120, the gun crew installs the gun cover and at this point, the heating process begins, followed by cooling of the cover material. The problem of initial and boundary value in the barrel with a cover installed system was solved as a three-dimensional initial and boundary problem. The initial and boundary value model adopted for the coverless barrel and the calculation results for the first burst of seven shells was presented in paper [7]. To obtain the heat condition of the barrel in the second 120, it was necessary to perform calculations for the second and third bursts, and for the barrel cooling processes starting in the second 120. The calculations were performed with a finite element method in the COSMOS/M software [9]. The cover material temperature values obtained during the numerical simulation are well below the temperature of 387K, which could form the upper limit of the composite applicability temperature range.
Karabinek reprezentacyjny MSBS-5,56R systemu MSBS-5,56
Authors: WOŹNIAK Ryszard , ZAWISZA Mariusz , ZAHOR Mirosław , MADEJ Paweł
Published: August 2018

W dniu 3 maja 2016 r. na Placu Zamkowym w Warszawie, podczas uroczystości państwowych z okazji 225. rocznicy uchwalenia Konstytucji 3 Maja – w obecności Prezydenta RP, najwyższych władz Rzeczpospolitej oraz licznie zebranych gości – po raz pierwszy w dziejach oręża polskiego Kompania Reprezentacyjna Wojska Polskiego wystąpiła z oryginalną, polską indywidualną bronią ceremonialną – karabinkiem reprezentacyjnym MSBS-5,56R kalibru 5,56 mm. Kolejna ważna prezentacja MSBS-5,56R polskiemu społeczeństwu miała miejsce podczas centralnych obchodów Święta Wojska Polskiego w Warszawie, również z udziałem najwyższych władz państwowych, w dniu 15 sierpnia 2016 r.Karabinek reprezentacyjny został skonstruowany przez Fabrykę Broni „Łucznik”-Radom Sp. z o.o. (FB Radom) i Instytut Techniki Uzbrojenia (ITU) Wydziału Mechatroniki i Lotnictwa (WML) Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej (WAT) w ścisłej współpracy z Dowództwem Garnizonu Warszawa (DGW).
W artykule przedstawiono genezę opracowania, podstawowe dane taktyczno-techniczne oraz specyfikę konstrukcji karabinka reprezentacyjnego MSBS-5,56R w porównaniu z karabinkiem standardowym (podstawowym) Modułowego Systemu Broni Strzeleckiej kalibru 5,56 mm, który jest opracowywany przez FB Radom i ITU WML WAT dla „polskiego żołnierza przyszłości”.
Relato da dificuldade na implementação de teste rápido para detecção de sífilis em gestantes na Atenção Básica do SUS em um município do Sul do Brasil
Authors: Fernandes Nascimento Deisy da Silva , Da Silva Rubiany Caroline , Tártari Débora de Oliveira , Cardoso Érika Koch
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: Relatar o processo de implementação dos testes rápidos na Atenção Básica no Município de Tubarão. Métodos: Relato de experiência baseado nas vivências dos autores e em entrevistas bimestrais aos enfermeiros responsáveis pelas unidades de Estratégia de Saúde da Família e um hospital através de questionário semi-estruturado, com duração de oito meses. Resultados: No ano de 2014, os enfermeiros das unidades de Estratégia de Saúde da Família e de outros serviços de saúde receberam capacitação para execução dos testes rápidos para sífilis em gestantes e consideraram satisfatória. No entanto, apenas um hospital e uma unidade de Estratégia de Saúde da Família implantaram os testes rápidos, as demais justificaram a não implantação principalmente pela falta de infraestrutura e recursos humanos limitados. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que a implantação de testes rápidos para sífilis ainda está em andamento, e exige um grande esforço de vários departamentos do Ministério da Saúde e da prefeitura em parceria.
Síndrome de Burnout em Médicos de Estratégia Saúde da Família de Montes Claros, MG, e Fatores Associados
Authors: Morais Ariadna Janice Drumond , Teles Cristiane Borborema , Rocha Laryssa Ferreira , Silveira Marise Fagundes , Pinho Lucinéia de
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: O estudo objetivou investigar a prevalência da síndrome de Burnout em médicos da Estratégia Saúde da Família em Montes Claros, MG, e sua associação com estresse no trabalho, desequilíbrio esforço-recompensa e qualidade de vida. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa epidemiológica, quantitativa, telematizada, analítica e transversal. O questionário autoaplicável Maslach Burnout Inventory foi aplicado a 89 médicos para diagnóstico da síndrome. Os médicos também proveram dados sociodemográficos e preencheram os instrumentos Job Stress Scale, Escala Desequilíbrio-Esforço-Recompensa e WHOQOL-BREF para identificação de condições de trabalho. As variáveis categóricas foram analisadas por distribuição de frequências. A associação entre variáveis de fatores de risco e presença de síndrome de Burnout foi realizada pelo teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Houve 100% de prevalência da síndrome de Burnout moderada nos médicos avaliados. Os escores das dimensões Exaustão e Despersonalização, constituintes do instrumento avaliativo da síndrome de Burnout, tiveram correlação positiva com alta demanda psicológica e profissional, alto desgaste e esforço, comprometimento excessivo ao trabalho e desbalanço na razão esforço-recompensa. Eles também se relacionaram a atributos de qualidade de vida, tais quais má condição física, social e ambiental. Conclusão: Medidas preventivas e interventivas devem ser tomadas para a diminuição do estresse laboral dos médicos avaliados, assim reduzindo a ocorrência da síndrome de Burnout.
Systematic revision of the Plectopylinae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae)
Authors: Páll-Gergely Barna
Published: August 2018

The family Plectopylidae is divided into two subfamilies: Sinicolinae subfam. nov. (included extant genera: Gudeodiscus Páll-Gergely, 2013, Endothyrella Zilch, 1959, Halongella Páll-Gergely, 2015, Sicradiscus Páll-Gergely, 2013, Sinicola Gude, 1899) and Plectopylinae Möllendorff, 1898 (included genera: Chersaecia Gude, 1899, Hunyadiscus Páll-Gergely, 2016, Naggsia Páll-Gergely & Muratov, 2016, Plectopylis Benson, 1860). The Eocene fossil Plectopyloides Yen, 1969 is classified into the Sinicolinae. The Plectopylinae are revised mainly based on historical type and non-type material, and the material of the Florida Museum of Natural History, collected in Thailand in the 1980s. The following species-group taxa are described as new: Chersaecia auffenbergi sp. nov., Chersaecia densegyrata sp. nov., Chersaecia mogokensis sp. nov., Chersaecia reversalis sp. nov., Chersaecia scabra sp. nov., Chersaecia shiroiensis subnagaensis subsp. nov., Hunyadiscus tigrina sp. nov., Naggsia oligogyra sp. nov., Plectopylis crassilabris sp. nov., Plectopylis malayana sp. nov. and Plectopylis thompsoni sp. nov. The genus Endoplon Gude, 1899 is treated as a synonym of Chersaecia. Consequently, the two species classified in Endoplon are members of Chersaecia: Chersaecia brachyplecta (Benson, 1863) comb. nov. and Chersaecia smithiana (Gude, 1897) comb. nov. The genus Plectopylis is redefined, and includes only species with fused anterior and posterior lamellae. Thus, the following species are moved from Plectopylis to Chersaecia: Chersaecia feddeni (Blanford, 1865) comb. nov., Chersaecia goniobathmos (Ehrmann, 1922) comb. nov., Chersaecia leucochila (Gude, 1897) comb. nov., Chersaecia magna (Gude, 1897) comb. nov. and Chersaecia woodthorpei (Gude, 1899) comb. nov. Altogether thirteen species and varieties are moved to the synonymy of valid species: Helix (Plectopylis) brachydiscus Godwin-Austen, 1879 syn. nov., Helix (Plectopylis) ponsonbyi Godwin-Austen, 1888 syn. nov., Plectopylis (Chersaecia) kengtungensis Gude, 1914 syn. nov., Plectopylis (Chersaecia) degerbolae Solem, 1966 syn. nov., Plectopylis lissochlamys Gude, 1897 syn. nov., Helix repercussa Gould, 1856 syn. nov., Plectopylis achatina var. obesa Gude, 1898 syn. nov., Plectopylis achatina var. infrafasciata Gude, 1898 syn. nov., Plectopylis achatina var. venusta Gude, 1898 syn. nov., Plectopylis achatina var. castanea Gude, 1898 syn. nov., Plectopylis achatina var. breviplica Gude, 1898 syn. nov., Plectopylis achatina var. repercussoides Gude, 1899 syn. nov., Plectopylis linterae var. fusca Gude, 1898 syn. nov. Plectopylis (Chersaecia) simplex Solem, 1966 is a subspecies of Chersaecia perarcta (Blanford, 1865), whereas Plectopylis muspratti Gude, 1897 is a subspecies of Chersaecia nagaensis (Godwin-Austen, 1875).
Quantificação de [32P] fosfoproteínas em gel de pollacrilamida pela Radiação Cerenkov: vantagens sobre outros procedimentos
Authors: Gonçalves Carlos A. , Lenz Guido , Salbego Christianne , Gottfried Carmem
Published: August 2018

The phosphorylation of proteins has been recognized as an important mechanism for controlling cellular activities. There are many ways to measure 32P-labellingof phosphoproteins resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, including densitometry of autoradiographs, liquid scintillation counting and Cerenkov counting. This report compares such different procedures and indicates the advantages of Cerenkov counting to determine radioactive phosphate incorporation into proteins.
Gastrópodes (Mollusca) devonianos da formação Ponta Grossa no Estado do Paraná (Bacia do Paraná): gêneros Ptomatis CLARKE, 1899, Pleurotomaria (?) DEFRANCE, 1826 e Platyceras CONRAD, 1840
Authors: Kotzian Carla Bender , Marchioro Angela
Published: August 2018

This study presents a revision about the registers of the genera Ptomatis Clarke, 1899, Pleurotomaria (1) Defrance, 1826 and Platyceras Conrad, 1840 in Devonian beds from the Paraná State. A new species, Ptomatis paranaensis sp. novo is described. Ptomatis moreirai Clarke, 1913 and Platyceras (Platyostoma) allardycei (Clarke, 1913) are redescribed. To the last one a new combination is proposed. The inclusion of Pleurotomaria (?) kayseri Ulrich, 1892 in the genus Pleurotomaria is discussed. One pateliform specimen is described and assigned for the first time. Its inclusion in the class Gastropoda is also briefly discussed.
Alimentação de larvas de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen), com dietas artificiais
Authors: Piaia Rosamari , Uliana Oclécio , Filipetto Jorge , Radünz Neto João
Published: August 2018

The study had the purpose of evaluating the effects of different protean sources in the performance of Rhamdia quelen larvae during 21 days. Five treatments and three repetition were utilized. The experimental foods utilized were: T1 (fish meal, hard boiled yolk eggs); T2 (yeast, crud bovine liver); T3 (soybean's meal, bovine liver); T4 (corn's meal, soybean meal and rice); T5 (fish meal and meat, soybean and rice). Groups of 200 larvae were maintained in controlled conditions of culture, utilizing a water reuse system, termoregulated. The food was offered every 2 hours. The T2 and T4 treatments showed higher rates of survival than T1, T3, and T5. No difference was found between T2 and T4, but both were different from T1, T3, and T5. T1 showed higher length mean in 21 days than T2, but T2 had better performance than T3, T4 and T5. No difference was found among T3, T4, and T5. The treatment with yeast and liver was more efficient in the inicial performance of the larvae and it showed to be a good alternative to be utilized in future studies.
Anatomia da madeira de duas Araliáceas da Floresta Estacional de Misiones, Argentina
Authors: Muñiz Graciela I. B. de , Marchiori José Newton Cardoso
Published: August 2018

The wood anatomy of Didymopanax morototonii (Aubl.) Dcne. & Planch. and Pentapanax warmingianus (March.) Harms. are studied in their general and microscopic features. Both species share the most important anatomical features, described in the literature for the Araliaceae family. Didymopanax morototonii presents vestured and mostly scalariform pits and scalariform perforation plates in vessel members. Pentapanax warmingianus, on the other hand, does not have vestured pits and shows round or polygonal pits and mostly simple perforation plates in vessel members.
Estudo dos riscos geológicos na região do município de Santa Maria: o caso da Vila Billbiu
Authors: Robaina Luis Eduardo de Souza , Berger Marcos Geovane , Medeiros Edgardo Ramos
Published: August 2018

The density of urban population with socio-spacial segregation in its most different manifestations on the use and occupation of the natural space, associated to an intensive exploitation of the environment and of the real estate speculation, determines the occupation of inadequate place dwellings by the less favoured social layers. Santa Maria city doesn't escape from this juncture, with Bilibiu village as the place where man and nature conflicts are intensified. In this region earthflows and debris flows occur on the steep areas; on the Vacacaí-Mirim river brook nearest areas the most important event is the flood. Besides this fact, the garbage accumulation in inadequate places and the pluvial and the sewer wastewater treatment are diseases and harmful animals dissemination sources.
Adaptive capacity of reef-associated fishes to Climate Change
Authors: Abas Marina , Reyes-Bonilla Hector
Published: August 2018

Climate change is affecting the structure and function of marine communities in the eastern Pacific, and to anticipate possible consequences of these modifications, a better understanding of the natural adaptation potential of the species is needed. This study aimed to build a metric of adaptive capacity of reef fishes, and evaluate it using data from fish assemblages from 12 rocky and coral reefs of the western Mexico. The index was developed using six life history traits from 719 fish-species distributed along the tropical Eastern Pacific. Our results indicated low adaptive capacity for big sized carnivore fish such as the tunas, totoaba and most groupers (Mycteroperca spp.); conversely, high values were attributed to species with fast life strategies such as anchovies, gobies, and blennies. The application of the index to census data showed that the adaptive potential of fish assemblages had an inverse latitudinal trend (higher in the southern reefs), resulting from the abundance of large-sized carnivores in the central and northern Gulf of California, and of small herbivores in the tropical region. As the index allows to estimate reef-fish species and communities' adaptive capacity in a straightforward and simple way, it may be a useful tool for marine conservation. conservation.
Terrain determinants of permafrost active layer thermal conditions: a case study from Arctic deglaciated catchment (Bratteggdalen, SW Spitsbergen)
Authors: Kasprzak Marek , Szymanowski Mariusz
Published: August 2018

The article concerns the thermal state of permafrost active layer in unglaciated areas of high latitudes (Brattegg valley, SW Spitsbergen). The basic material are data from a network of thermistors located in adrainage basin, including its highest elevations. Measured data were used to search for terrain determinants of ground thermics, expressed by common land surface parameters derived from 20×20m DTM and surface area temperature obtained from the LANDSAT 8 scene processing. Correlation and regression analysis was used to build models of spatial distribution of ground temperature at different depths. The obtained results show, among others, that temperatures near the ground surface (from 0 to –5 cm) are not significantly correlated with any of the tested topographic parameters, and thus depend on the local features of the ground. An expression of this is the strong dependence of temperature in near subsurface (up to depth 20 cm) on surface temperatures estimated from satellite data. From 10 cm below the surface and deeper, there is a significant negative correlation of temperature with elevation: initially stronger with altitude, and at 100 and 150 cm depth – with relative height.
Obesity, but not hypohydration, mediates changes in mental task load during passive heating in females
Authors: Caldwell Aaron R. , Burchfield Jenna , Moyen Nicole E. , Tucker Matthew A. , Butts Cory L. , Elbin R.J. , Ganio Matthew S.
Published: August 2018

Background

The independent effects of hypohydration and hyperthermia on cognition and mood is unclear since the two stresses often confound each other. Further, it is unknown if obese individuals have the same impairments during hyperthermia and hypohydration that is often observed in non-obese individuals.

Methods

The current study was designed to assess the independent and combined effects of mild hypohydration and hyperthermia on cognition, mood, and mental task load in obese and non-obese females. Twenty-one healthy females participated in two passive heating trials, wherein they were either euhydrated or hypohydrated prior to and throughout passive heating. Cognition (ImPACT), mental task load (NASA-TLX), and mood (Brunel Mood Scale; BRUMS) were measured before and after a 1.0 °C increase in core temperature (TC).

Results

After a 1.0 °C TCelevation, hypohydration resulted in greater (p < 0.05) body mass loss (−1.14 ± 0.48 vs −0.58 ± 0.48 kg; hypohydrated and euhydrated, respectively) and elevation in serum osmolality (292 ± 4 vs 282 ± 3 mOsm;p < 0.05) versus euhydration. Hypohydration, independent of hyperthermia, did not affect mental task load or mood (p > 0.05). Hyperthermia, regardless of hydration status, impaired (∼5 A.U) measures of memory-based cognition (verbal and visual memory), and increased mental task load, while worsening mood (p < 0.05). Interestingly, obese individuals had increased mental task load while hyperthermic compared to the non-obese individuals (p < 0.05) even while euhydrated. Hypohydration did not exacerbate any heat-related effects on cognition between obese and non-obese females (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

These data indicate that hyperthermia independently impairs memory-based aspects of cognitive performance, mental task load, and leads to a negative mood state. Mild hypohydration did not exacerbate the effects of hyperthermia. However, obese individuals had increased mental task load during hyperthermia.
RING finger protein 38 induces gastric cancer cell growth by decreasing the stability of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐1
Authors: Zhang Jigang , Wu Hao , Yi Bin , Zhou Jian , Wei Luxin , Chen Yan , Zhang Lifeng
Published: August 2018

The function of the E3 ligase RNF38 is still unknown in gastric cancer. Here, we found that RNF38 is upregulated in gastric cancer, and it is associated with the overall survival of gastric cancer patients. Further studies showed that RNF38 interacts with the nonreceptor tyrosine phosphatase SH2‐containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP‐1) and induces the polyubiquitination of SHP‐1, which leads to destabilization of SHP‐1 and promotion of STAT3 signaling in gastric cancer cells. In addition, overexpression or knockdown of RNF38 induces or suppresses gastric cancer cell growth in vitro, respectively, and silencing RNF38 delays tumor growth in vivo. These findings demonstrate that RNF38 is functional in gastric cancer and promotes STAT3 signaling by destabilizing SHP‐1; thus, RNF38 could be a novel target for gastric cancer therapy.
Intermetallic Compounds in Al‐SUS316L Composites
Authors: Park Kwangjae , Kim Dasom , Park Jehong , Cho Seungchan , Takamichi Miyazaki , Kwon Hansang
Published: August 2018

Aluminum (Al)‐stainless steel 316L (SUS316L) composites are successfully manufactured by spark plasma sintering (SPS) using pure Al and SUS316L powders as the raw materials. The Al‐SUS316L composite powder is prepared from a 1:1 mixture by volume of Al and SUS316L by mechanical ball milling. This composite powder is subjected to SPS at four different temperatures (500, 550, 600, and 630 °C) at a pressure of 200 MPa and held at the desired temperature for 5 min. Intermetallic compounds such as AlFe3 and Al13Fe4, which are detected based on their X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, are created in the Al‐SUS316L composites during SPS. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission‐electron probe microanalysis (FE‐EPMA), and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA) also confirm the formation of intermetallic compounds. Moreover, the authors conduct a detailed analysis of the intermetallic compounds using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The intermetallic compounds are well dispersed in Al‐SUS316L composites and the layer of these becomes thicker as the sintering temperature increases to 630 °C. Moreover, the intermetallic compounds can help to make a strong chemical bonding between Al and SUS316L matrix. Consequently, the Al‐SUS316L composites manufactured by the SPS process can be applied in engineering industries such as the automobile, aerospace, and construction industries as high‐strength and lightweight materials.
Surface Defect Passivation of Silicon Micropillars
Authors: Mikulik Dmitry , Meng Andrew C. , Berrazouane Riad , Stückelberger Josua , Romero‐Gomez Pablo , Tang Kechao , Haug Franz‐Josef , Fontcuberta i Morral Anna , McIntyre Paul C.
Published: August 2018

Reactive ion etching (RIE) used to fabricate high‐aspect‐ratio (HAR) nano/microstructures is known to damage semiconductor surfaces which enhances surface recombination and limits the conversion efficiency of nanostructured solar cells. Here, defect passivation of ultrathin Al2O3‐coated Si micropillars (MPs) using different surface pretreatment steps is reported. Effects on interface state density are quantified by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy which is used to extract quantitative capacitance–voltage and conductance–voltage characteristics from HAR dielectric–semiconductor structures which would otherwise suffer from high gate leakage currents if tested using solid‐state metal–insulator–semiconductor structures. High‐temperature thermal oxidation to form a sacrificial oxide on RIE‐fabricated Si MPs, followed by atomic layer deposition of 4 nm thick Al2O3 after removal of the sacrificial layer produces an interface trap density (D it) as low as 1.5 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1 at the mid‐gap energy of silicon. However, a greatly reduced mid‐gap D it (2 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1) is possible even with a simple air annealing procedure having a maximum temperature of 400 °C.
Reconfigurable XOR and INHIBIT Logic Gates Based on Multifuel‐Driven Mg/Al Janus Micromotor
Authors: Sun Yunyu , Li Mingtong , Duan Ruomeng , Zhang Dafeng , Zhang Hui , Song Bo , Dong Bin
Published: August 2018

In this paper, an aluminum‐coated magnesium microsphere (Mg/Al) micromotor, which possesses a Janus structure, is reported. Due to the versatile chemical reactivity originating from magnesium and aluminum, the Mg/Al Janus micromotor can be propelled by multiple fuels. It cannot only exhibit moving behavior in the presence of acid and base solution, but also be able to move in the salt solution. Interestingly, both the moving direction (toward either Mg or Al side), the motion start and stop of the Mg/Al micromotor can be controlled by the fuel or the combination of different fuels because of the different reactivities of Mg and Al. Based on the multifuel‐driven property and various motion behaviors, this micromotor has great potentials in the field of logic gate. Among others, when using different stimuli as the inputs and the micromotor motion as the output, reconfigurable XOR and INHIBIT logic gates can be achieved.
High‐Speed OLEDs and Area‐Emitting Light‐Emitting Transistors from a Tetracyclic Lactim Semiconducting Polymer
Authors: Ahmad Viqar , Shukla Atul , Sobus Jan , Sharma Anirudh , Gedefaw Desta , Andersson Gunther G. , Andersson Mats R. , Lo Shih‐Chun , Namdas Ebinazar B.
Published: August 2018

Development of a new class of luminescent materials that show high‐speed response, high charge carrier mobility, and high brightness is desirable toward realization of next generation of devices, such as electrically pumped organic lasers, visible light communication instruments, and organic light‐emitting transistors. In this paper, high‐speed organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and high‐performance hybrid light‐emitting transistors from a new type of solution processable luminescent material, poly[thiophene‐2,5‐diyl‐alt‐5,10‐bis((2‐hexyldecyl)oxy)dithieno[3,2‐c:3′,2′‐h][1,5]naphthyridine‐2,7‐diyl] (PTNT), are reported. The OLEDs based on PTNT polymer exhibit a peak brightness of 8 × 105 cd m−2 and 40 MHz modulation frequency under 10 ns pulse operation. This modulation frequency is significantly higher than that of commercially available LEDs, used for visible light communication. Additionally, solution‐processed area‐emitting hybrid light‐emitting transistors with an external quantum yield of 0.25% at brightness of 250 cd m−2 are demonstrated. Finally, the paper provides device physics and optoelectronic properties of PTNT polymer using ultraviolet photon spectroscopy, inversed photoelectron spectroscopy, and photophysical measurements.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral gem‐Bis(boryl)alkanes
Authors: Teo Wei Jie , Ge Shaozhong
Published: August 2018

We report an asymmetric synthesis of enantioenriched gem‐bis(boryl)alkanes in an enantioselective diborylation of 1,1‐disubstituted alkenes catalyzed by Co(acac)2/(R)‐DM‐segphos. A range of activated and unactivated alkenes underwent this asymmetric diborylation in the presence of cyclooctene as a hydrogen acceptor, affording the corresponding gem‐bis(boryl)alkanes with high enantioselectivity. The synthetic utility of these chiral organoboronate compounds was demonstrated through several stereospecific derivatizations and the synthesis of sesquiterpene and sesquiterpenoid natural products.
Unique Supramolecular Liquid‐Crystal Phases with Different Two‐Dimensional Crystal Layers
Authors: Hu Yi , Wu Kuan‐Yi , Zhu Tiantian , Shen Peng , Zhou Yi , Li Xiaohong , Wang Chien‐Lung , Tu Yingfeng , Li Christopher Y.
Published: August 2018

We report herein a series of tetrablock‐mimic azobenzene‐containing [60]fullerene dyads that form supramolecular liquid crystals (LCs) from phase‐segregated two‐dimensional (2D) crystals. The unique double‐, triple‐, and quadruple‐layer packing structure of fullerenes in the 2D crystals leads to different smectic supramolecular LC phases, and novel LC phase transitions were observed upon changes in the fullerene packing layer number in the 2D crystals. Interestingly, by combining the LC properties with 2D crystals, these materials show excellent electron mobility in the order of 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1, despite their relatively low fullerene content. Our results provide a novel method to manipulate 2D crystal layer thickness, with promising applications in optoelectronic devices.
Photochromic Benzo[b]phosphole Alkynylgold(I) Complexes with Mechanochromic Property to Serve as Multistimuli‐Responsive Materials
Authors: Wu Nathan Man‐Wai , Ng Maggie , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah
Published: August 2018

A series of novel benzo[b]phosphole alkynylgold(I) complexes has been demonstrated to display photochromic and mechanochromic properties upon applying the respective stimuli of light and mechanical force. Promising multistimuli‐responsive properties of this series of gold(I) complexes have been successfully achieved through judicious molecular design, which involves incorporation of the photochromic dithienylethene‐containing benzo[b]phosphole into the triphenylamine‐containing arylethynyl ligand that is susceptible to mechanical force‐induced color changes via gold(I) complexation. With excellent thermal irreversibility and robust fatigue resistance of this series of gold(I) complexes, multicolor states controlled by the photochromism and mechanochromism have been realized. Repeatable photochromic and mechanochromic cycles without apparent loss of reactivity have also been observed under ambient conditions. The present work provides important insight and an alternative strategy for the molecular design of multistimuli‐responsive materials, paving the way for further development of the underexplored photoresponsive gold(I) complexes and the multistate photocontrolled system.
Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation of Remote C(sp3)−H Bonds in Carboxamides and Sulfonamides
Authors: Li Zhaodong , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping
Published: August 2018

Reported herein is an unprecedented copper‐catalyzed arylation of remote C(sp3)−H bonds. Stirring a trifluorotoluene solution of either N‐fluorocarboxamides or N‐fluorosulfonamides and arylboronic acids in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper(II) trifluoroacetylacetonate, 2,2′‐bipyridine, and sodium tert‐butoxide afforded the γ‐ and δ‐C(sp3)−H arylated carboxamides and sulfonamides, respectively, in good to high yields. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction might proceed through an amidyl radical generation, 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), and copper‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of the resulting carbon radical with arylboronic acids.
Autocatalytic Synthesis of Bifluoride Ionic Liquids by SuFEx Click Chemistry
Authors: Hmissa Taha , Zhang Xiaofei , Dhumal Nilesh R. , McManus Gregory J. , Zhou Xu , Nulwala Hunaid B. , Mirjafari Arsalan
Published: August 2018

Ionic liquids with bifluoride anions possess properties such as high conductivity, wide electrochemical windows, and low viscosity that make them attractive materials for various electrochemical devices. However, owing to the lack of reliable synthetic routes, bifluoride‐based ionic liquids have seldom been explored. Herein, an autocatalytic strategy for the HF‐free synthesis of bifluoride‐based sulfonamide ionic liquids based on the sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) reaction is reported. This reaction requires no chromatographic purification, and yields are quantitative. The thermophysical properties (phase transition behavior and decomposition temperature) and electrochemical stabilities of the resulting products were studied. The products with alkyl, aryl, and perfluoroalkyl side chains exhibited extraordinarily wide electrochemical windows (up to 6.0 V) with reproducible results among multiple replicate measurements.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Reductive [5+1] Cycloaddition of 3‐Acetoxy‐1,4‐enynes with CO: Access to Phenols Enabled by Hydrosilanes
Authors: Wu Li‐Jun , Song Ren‐Jie , Luo Shenglian , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: August 2018

A new palladium‐catalyzed reductive [5+1] cycloaddition of 3‐acetoxy‐1,4‐enynes with CO, enabled by hydrosilanes, has been developed for delivering valuable functionalized phenols. This methodology employs hydrosilanes as the external reagent to facilitate the [5+1] carbonylative benzannulation. The reaction is a conceptually and mechanistically novel carbonylative cycloaddition route for the construction of substituted phenols, through the formation of four new chemical bonds, with excellent functional‐group tolerance.
Customizable Lipid Nanoparticle Materials for the Delivery of siRNAs and mRNAs
Authors: Fenton Owen S. , Kauffman Kevin J. , McClellan Rebecca L. , Kaczmarek James C. , Zeng Manhao D. , Andresen Jason L. , Rhym Luke H. , Heartlein Michael W. , DeRosa Frank , Anderson Daniel G.
Published: August 2018

RNAs are a promising class of therapeutics given their ability to regulate protein concentrations at the cellular level. Developing safe and effective strategies to deliver RNAs remains important for realizing their full clinical potential. Here, we develop lipid nanoparticle formulations that can deliver short interfering RNAs (for gene silencing) or messenger RNAs (for gene upregulation). Specifically, we study how the tail length, tail geometry, and linker spacing in diketopiperazine lipid materials influences LNP potency with siRNAs and mRNAs. Eight lipid materials are synthesized, and 16 total formulations are screened for activity in vitro; the lead material is evaluated with mRNA for in vivo use and demonstrates luciferase protein expression in the spleen. In undertaking this approach, not only do we develop synthetic routes to delivery materials, but we also reveal structural criteria that could be useful for developing next‐generation delivery materials for RNA therapeutics.
Effects of concentration dependent local resistances and viscosity on overall permeation characteristics of a hollow‐fiber membrane: A simulation approach
Authors: Gupta Ravikant R. , Kumar Vineet , Chand Shri
Published: August 2018

A model is proposed to describe the hydrodynamics and mass transfer in ultrafiltration with concentration‐dependent viscosity variation in the entire flow‐field. The proposed model integrates the resistance‐in‐series model with mass, momentum, and continuity equations to scrutinize the effects of the feed concentration, velocity, and transmembrane pressure difference on the local permeate flux. A minor modification in the correlations for resistance‐in‐series model has been introduced by replacing the axial velocity terms in terms of shear force and fluid viscosity. The developed model is capable of showing how the microscopic phenomena occurring near the membrane surface affect the permeate flux. Based on the simulated results, it was observed that although higher solute concentration in the feed form a thicker concentration polarization layer, but due to greater shear force, caused by formation of more viscous fluid near the wall, net increase in secondary resistances (Rf and Rcp) is nullified, which ultimately leads to less than expected variation in permeate flux. It was also observed that tangential flow of fluid has less impact on fouling resistance (Rf) as compared with concentration polarization resistance (Rcp) because fouling takes place in the membrane pores, which has less bearing on shear stress acting on the membrane surface.
Heart rate mean and variability as a biomarker for phenotypic variation in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Bazelmans Tessel , Jones Emily J. H. , Ghods Sheila , Corrigan Sarah , Toth Karen , Charman Tony , Webb Sara J.
Published: August 2018

Interest in autonomic arousal in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasing; however, reliability of these measures in ASD is unknown, and previously reported associations with social and cognitive abilities are inconsistent. This study assesses heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) in preschoolers with ASD or typical development (TD) while they passively watched naturalistic videos. Measurement reliability, group differences, and the relationship with social and cognitive abilities were evaluated. Seventy one ASD and 66 TD children (2–4 years) provided cardiac data from two sessions. Test–retest intraclass correlations of HR and HRV over a 3‐week period were moderate to good in both groups. Groups did not differ in mean level of HR or HRV. Intra‐individual variability of HR between video segments within a session was higher in the ASD group, but intraclass correlations of this metric were low. Higher HR related to better language skills in TD children, but not after accounting for age and nonverbal ability. Higher HRV related to better expressive and receptive language in ASD children after controlling for age and nonverbal ability. HR/HRV were not related to social or executive functioning skills and did not explain any additional variance in abilities at a 12‐month follow‐up visit. In summary, variation in language abilities is associated with HR in the TD group and HRV in the ASD group. While preliminary, these results are promising for consideration of autonomic control as a biomarker for individual differences in ASD and may help us understand the mechanisms that contribute to communication skills. Autism Research 2019, 12: 39–52. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Cardiac activity, such as heart rate and heart rate variability, is linked to a wide range of psychological functions. This study shows that there is an association between heart rate and heart rate variability and language skills in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These results may help us understand what underlies individual differences in developmental abilities in young children with ASD.