bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRANSFORMATION OF MARKET LOGISTICS IN THEORETICAL REPRESENTATION AND PRACTICAL APPLICATION
Authors:   Institute of Market Problems and Economic&Ecological Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lisyuk Volodimir , Diordiiev Viktor ,   Institute of Market Problems and Economic&Ecological Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The article presents an analysis of the essence of logistics as an object of scientific research and as an organizational mechanism aimed at streamlining the functioning of commodity markets. It has been determined that such an organizational essence of logistics affects the efficiency of commodity movement along the logistics chain of the market, and, on the other hand, the efficiency of the activities of the logistics entities themselves. It is shown that the process of commodity circulation in the market is based on a commodity exchange operation. Tying the theory of logistics to the theory of commodity markets, the authors consider it expedient and reasonable to introduce the concept of "market logistics" or "market logistics" into scientific and practical circulation. On this basis, an analysis of the difference in goals, functions and mechanisms of these scientific categories is presented.
THE ENVIRONMENT SWOT-ANALYSIS OF INNOVATION-ORIENTED INFRASTRUCTURAL PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHI
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Malin Oleksandr
Published: December 2021

The consolidated SWOT-analysis of the environment of innovation-oriented infrastructure public-private partnership (PPP) proves that the infrastructure of Ukraine (its condition, efficiency and quality of services) significantly loses to the infrastructure of developed countries due to chronic underfunding and inefficient public administration. The traditional form of presenting results has been improved in terms of highlighting additional components in each block (strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats). These are the components that are due to four factors: a) the mechanism and nature of PPP economic relations; b) features of the infrastructural sphere of PPP; c) innovative development; d) sustainable development; Each of these factors imposes its own characteristics, so their impact is taken into account and demonstrated by a group of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats on the relevant grounds separately.
Marketing kao čimbenik konkurentnosti hrvatskoga bankarskog sektora
Authors: Rupčić Nataša , Superina Gudelj Irena
Published: December 2021

Bankarski sustav većinski je dio financijskoga sustava države te svojim kreditnim i investicijskim aktivnostima omogućuje njezin rast i razvoj. Jačanjem konkurencije, ponuda financijskih usluga banaka sve je bogatija i raznolikija. U radu se analizira bankarski sustav Republike Hrvatske s ciljem utvrđivanja čimbenika koji mogu pridonijeti konkurentskoj prednosti banaka. U svrhu donošenja upravljačkih odluka u vezi konkurentskoga ponašanja banaka analizirani su temeljni elementi bankarske industrije: broj bankarskih poduzeća, njihova veličina, koncentracija bankarske industrije, tržišni uvjeti, barijere ulasku na bankarsko tržište, ulaganje u infrastrukturu te regulacija tržišnoga natjecanja bankarske industrije. Bankarsko tržište u Republici Hrvatskoj srednje je koncentrirano te postoje značajne barijere ulasku u smislu kapitalnih zahtjeva, ali i regulacije poslovanja. No, unatoč relativno visokoj koncentraciji, implicitni dogovori o određivanju cijene kapitala, odnosno kamatnih marži, na temelju uzajamnoga praćenja ponašanja nisu mogući zbog velikoga broja supstituta drugih financijskih institucija. Tako se u bankarskom sektoru Nashova ravnoteža postiže određivanjem niskih kamatnih marži. Stoga se marketing, u smislu marketinga usluga, može identificirati kao važan čimbenik bankarskoga ponašanja koji može unaprijediti konkurentski položaj banaka.
Povezanost inovativnosti s izvoznom sposobnosti i poslovnom uspješnosti poduzeća
Authors: Šlogar Helena
Published: December 2021

Zanimanje za istraživanje povezanosti inovativnosti s izvoznom sposobnosti i poslovnom uspješnosti poduzeća proizlazi iz potrebe za što bržim gospodarskim rastom. U hrvatskom je gospodarstvu situacija krajnje složena uz nisku stopu rasta BDP-a, deficit vanjskotrgovinske razmjene, visoku razinu vanjskog duga i druge okolnosti. Navedeno zahtijeva velike promjene u ekonomskoj politici Republike Hrvatske, a zbog važnosti međunarodne razmjene za gospodarski razvoj zemlje, povećanje izvozne sposobnosti hrvatskih poduzeća jedna je od važnijih determinanti dugoročnoga gospodarskog rasta. Stoga je znanstveno opravdano i utemeljeno istražiti povezanost inovativnosti, posebice njezinih dimenzija, s povećanjem izvozne sposobnosti i uspješnosti poslovanja poduzeća. Cilj ovoga rada je ispitati mijenja li se model povezanosti inovativnosti i njezinih dimenzija s izvozom, uspješnosti poslovanja u razdoblju 2016. – 2019. u hrvatskim poduzećima. Pri obradi podataka provedena je analiza kovarijance i regresijska analiza. Rezultati pokazuju da ne postoji statistički značajna razlika između inovativnosti i  izvoza u 2016. i 2019. godini. Isto tako, utvrđeno je da ne postoji statistički značajna razlika između povezanosti inovativnosti s uspješnosti poslovanja u 2016. i 2019. godini. Rezultati ovoga istraživanja imaju značajne teorijske i praktične implikacije.
Traditional Institutions and Socio-economic Development in Nigeria: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Omitola Bolaji , Akinrinde Olawale Olufemi , Omitola Adetola
Published: December 2021

Traditional institutions held pre-eminence positions in the pre-colonial societies in Nigeria. The level of order witnessed during this period was a testimony to the invaluable roles played by the traditional rulers in administering their different empires, kingdoms and communities. However, during the colonial era, the position of traditional rulers was compromised as they became mere stooges of the colonial power. The post-colonial period saw the traditional rulers’ roles diminished as they were given advisory roles in previous constitutions and with no single role in the 1999 Constitution. Thus, for the continuous relevance of the traditional institutions, there is a need for re-examination of their roles in the country. This chapter argues for community based developmental roles for the traditional rulers in the country. These include promotion of tourism development, encouraging modern agricultural development, maintenance of peaceful co-existence among the people of their domain and settlers from other parts of the country, providing platform for alternative dispute resolution, monitoring the activities of the various vigilante groups and other unconventional security apparatus in their communities and lastly partnering the security operatives through intelligence gathering within their domains for effective operations of security outfits in serving the people better.
Legal Protection of Passenger on Online Transportation Based on Highway Traffic Act
Authors: Pratama Dwita
Published: December 2021

The presence of online transportation can be recognized if it fulfills the requirements of the Ministerial Regulation of Transportation Act Number 108 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of Transportation of People with Public Motorized Vehicles Not on Routes. The problem that arises is when this online transportation does not have a transportation operation permit, which then the passengers do not get legal protection for it. The method used is normative juridical where the data used are primary data and secondary data and the data collection used is library research. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively. From the discussion it can be concluded that 1.Insurance compensation for passengers who have an accident through PT Jasa Raharja is given to an online application-based transportation company that already has a transportation operation permit based on the provisions of the Ministerial Regulation of Transportation Act Number 108 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of Public Transportation with Public Motorized Vehicles Not On Routes which is carried out based on Act Number 33 of 1964 concerning the Passenger Accident Compulsory Insurance Fund, for online application-based transportation companies that do not have a transportation operation permit, in the event of an accident the passenger does not receive insurance compensation from PT Jasa Raharja. The responsibility of online transportation service providers has complied with Article 188 of Act Number 22 of 2009 concerning Traffic to compensate for the loss of passengers or shippers due to omission in carrying out transportation and road transportation services.
Sex Gratification in Indonesian Anti-Corruption Law: What is the Problem?
Authors: Yustikarini Hesty Dian
Published: December 2021

The phenomenon of prostitution in Indonesia has become a negative specter that refers to its dilapidated moral society. This polemic is one of several different dimensions. Stewardship is also felt because law enforcement is not entirely. Prostitution is a name given to indicate the act in which a woman sends herself to relate to the opposite sex in need of money or other forms of payment. Inspired by the rampant sexual gratification cases among state officials. Ratification process and goods but sadness gratification in expanding sexual section. Added the sexy offender (female) underage. Previously gratification is already in Law Number 20 the Year 2001 on Corruption Eradication in article 12 B, but not yet directly in the scope of sex gratification. Thus there needs to be a legal reform synchronized with the rules and protection of human rights for working women. Until now the sexy gratification case is still taboo because it is considered apathetically State has not been possible to do and provide a deterrent effect for service providers, separation and distribution for the perpetrators of sexual. This is the polemic that must be emphasized from the rising.
International Refugees Protection in the Context of Human Rights
Authors: Supriadi Slamet
Published: December 2021

Refugees are defined as people who are due to a reasonable fear of persecution, caused by reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in certain social groups and political parties, are outside their nationality, and do not want protection from the country. When refugees leave their home country or residence, they leave their lives, homes, possessions, and family. The refugees cannot be protected by their home country because they are forced to leave their country. Therefore, protection and assistance to them is the responsibility of the international community. In countries receiving refugees, they often experience inhumane treatment such as rape, assault, discrimination, repatriation by force, which lead to the violation of human rights. There has been regulation for human rights in refugee issues both internationally and regionally, for instance, the Convention related to Status of Refugee 1951 and The Protocol relating to the Status of Refugee 1967. There are at least five basic rights of refugees, they are the right to be protected from returning to the country of origin forcibly (non-refoulement), the right to seek asylum, the right to obtain equality and non-discrimination, the right to live, and to be secured, as well as the right to return home.
Ethics in Social Design: Definitions, Models, and Perspectives
Authors: Andre Marie Kettlie
Published: December 2021

We are witnessing a proliferation of design, collaborative technological platforms, websites, and networks dedicated to exchanging information of all kinds. These technologies have a positive role and promote social justice, equity, and the rapprochement of cultures. However, several researchers and civil community members wonder about the use of these technologies, the reasons beyond their emergence, and their designers. While technologies are at the forefront of global development, any system to function well needs a framework to support the experiences that would flow from their environment. In all human progress, some voices urge us to be cautious. Given the preponderance of technologies in our environment, what are the principles to regulate these ecosystems? Many studies have highlighted the moral and ethical issues related to the social use of information technology. There have been previous attempts towards finding ways to create suitable rules for these systems. This paper presumes that many of these conduct codes are more user-oriented, and very few are issued to regulate information technology professionals and designers. Therefore, it is urgent to find a way to design socio systems where several entities (organizations and individuals) can collaborate independently and responsibly on-site in their respective spheres on social projects. In this paper, we are trying to provide different perspectives and lines of thought for responsible and safe use of socio systems and collaborative technology platforms.
La práctica colectiva de la música. Banda Sinfónica Juvenil de San Pedro Sula: Espacio posible para el desarrollo social sostenible
Authors: Rodríguez-Reinoso Oswaldo Antonio , Luna-Nemecio Josemanuel
Published: December 2021

Introducción. La educación musical que combina propósitos de orden disciplinar y de desarrollo social representa una alternativa que redimensiona la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la música a partir de un hacer colectivo. La Banda Sinfónica Juvenil de San Pedro Sula (BSJ-SPS) es un programa de educación musical, no formal, que vivencia la práctica colectiva de la música como espacio para el desarrollo social sostenible. Propósitos. Develar los aspectos pedagógicos, artísticos y socio-culturales de dicha experiencia a luz de los planteamientos en torno a la educación musical con fines desarrollo social. Metodología. La investigación de enfoque cualitativo, cuasiexperimental y de carácter descriptiva empleó la narrativa testimonial de ocho estudiantes de la BSJ-SPS recogida en entrevistas semiestructuradas, analizadas mediante técnica de categorización y codificación. Resultan del análisis doce categorías emergentes que enmarcan la experiencia de la BSJ-SPS desde la vivencia de sus estudiantes en lo pedagógico, lo artístico y lo sociocultural. Conclusiones. Se evidencia una clara vinculación entre propósitos disciplinares y de desarrollo social en el programa BSJ-SPS. Sus integrantes vivencian una práctica a la que reconocen como factor de importante transformación personal afianzando su proyecto ético de vida.
Costa Rica y Panamá en la Independencia: Los contactos entre las autoridades de Costa Rica y Panamá en la época de la separación de España
Authors: Sáenz-Carbonell Jorge Francisco
Published: December 2021

The article explains the immediate background of the independence of Costa Rica and Panama from Spain and how they both became independent separately in 1821 and refers to the contacts they maintained in 1822 and 1823. The close trade relationships among the inhabitants of Costa Rica and Panama are mentioned and the effects of the Constitution of Cádiz regarding the new political-administrative division are analyzed. After the independence from Spain, in the case of Costa Rica in October and for Panama in November of 1821, emerged a possibility for both of them to build a new country. Nevertheless, after their independence new hegemonic powers appeared and their presence defined a very different fates for each territory. Despite all this, the trade exchange prevailed and the contact between the highest authorities of Costa Rica and Panama in 1822 and 1823 was friendly.
Contribution to sustainability and the national economy through recycling waste paper from Istanbul’s hotels in Turkey
Authors: Bekiroğlu Sultan , Mertoğlu Elmas Gulnur , Yagshiyev Yagshymyrat
Published: December 2021

Obtaining cellulose from recyclable waste paper contributes to the sustainability of forest resources, water and energy savings, and the reduction of environmental pollution. However, waste paper collected under inappropriate conditions for recycling can be degraded in a short time, thus becoming economically useless. This study examined the factors affecting source-separated collection processes of waste paper in Istanbul hotels, as well as the correlation among these factors. The economic value of the assumed benefits of source-separated waste paper was also calculated. To achieve these objectives, various inputs and methods were used, including the percent tabulation technique and the chi-square independence test. As a result, it was determined that 70% of managers and employees of Istanbul hotels were sensitive to recycling waste paper, but they were not aware of the entire benefits of waste paper recycling. It was also determined that because of waste paper recycling, 18 thousand trees, 5 million kWh of electricity, 3 thousand tons of water, and 1.3 thousand tons of fuel oil were saved, and the generation of 27 thousand tons of CO2 was prevented annually. Hotels in Istanbul provide the economy with an annual average of 752 tons of waste paper, which corresponds to 78% of the foreign trade deficit of Turkey’s paper and paper products sector in the last five years.
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL TUTORIAL BERBASIS KOMPUTER FISIOLOGI HEWAN UNTUK MEMBEKALI KEMAMPUAN REKONSTRUKSI KONSEP MAHASISWA CALON GURU BIOLOGI
Authors: Slamet Adeng
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan model perkuliahan fisiologi hewan yang diharapkan mampu membekali kemampuan rekonstruksi konsep bagi mahasiswa calon guru biologi. Strategi perkuliahan ditempuh melalui implementasi model tutorial berbasis komputer. Sebanyak 80 orang mahasiswa S1 calon guru biologi dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok, 41 mahasiswa mengikuti perkuliahan model tutorial komputer, dan 39 mahasiswa mengikuti perkuliahan konvensional. Kemampuan rekonstruksi konsep diukur dengan membandingkan skor sebelum pembelajaran (pretes) dengan setelah implementasi model (postes) di antara kedua kelompok belajar. Selain itu, untuk mengungkap pandangan mahasiswa mengenai pengalaman belajarnya, seperangkat angket disebarkan kepada mahasiswa yang mengikuti model perkuliahan.  Efektivitas program perkuliahan dievaluasi dengan tes tertulis bentuk respon terbatas pada mahasiswa yang mengikuti program perkuliahan model tutorial komputer dibandingkan dengan mahasiswa dari kelompok konvensional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara keseluruhan terjadi peningkatan  kemampuan rekonstruksi konsep pada kedua kelompok belajar, namun mahasiswa yang mengikuti perkuliahan model tutorial berbasis komputer menunjukkan peningkatan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok mahasiswa peserta perkuliahan konvensional. Mahasiswa menanggapi positif implementasi model tutorial berbasis komputer dalam perkuliahan fisiologi hewan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model tutorial berbasis komputer pada penelitian ini dinyatakan lebih efektif dan mampu  membekali mahasiwa calon guru biologi dalam meningkatkan kemampuan  rekonstruksi konsep.
PENGARUH STRATEGI KARYAWISATA DAN SENSITIVITAS EKOLOGIS TERHADAP APRESIASI SISWA TENTANG PELESTARIAN SATWA
Authors: Yossa Istiadi
Published: December 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengungkapkan pengaruh strategi karyawisata dan sensitivitas ekologi terhadap apresiasi pelestarian satwa. Penelitian dilaksanakan terhadap siswa SMAN 22 Jakarta dengan desain penelitrian eksperimen faktorial 2 x 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) apresiasi pelestarian satwa pada perlakuan karya wisata antara habitat alami dan karya wisata di penangkaran tidak menunjukan adanya perbedaan, (2) Kelompok siswa dengan sensitivitas ekologi tinggi, apresiasi pelestraian satwa antara karya wisata di habitat alami dan di penangkaran tidak menunjukan perbedaan, (3) Kelompok siswa dengan tingkat sensitivitas ekologis rendah, apresiasi pelestarian satwa antara perlakuan  karya wisata di habitat alami dan di penangkaran tidak menunjukan perbedaan, (4) Terdapat interaksi signifikan antara strategi karyawisata dengan sensitivitas ekologis terhadap apresiasi pelestarian satwa. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka dalam peningkatan apresiasi siswa dalam apresiasi pelestraian satwa penggunaan strategi pembelajaran melalui karya wisata  dan dikontrol dengan faktor sensitivitas ekologi seharusnya dapat dipertimbangkan.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ZOOMING PRESENTATION UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS X PADA KONSEP SUHU DAN KALOR
Authors: Zannah Putri Zakiyatul , Mulhayatiah Diah , Alatas Fathiah
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan media pembelajaran zooming presentation terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas X pada konsep suhu dan kalor. Media pembelajaran zooming presentation ini dibuat menggunakan aplikasi Prezi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Negeri 12 Tangerang Selatan. Penelitian berlangsung pada bulan Maret-April 2014. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan desain nonequivalent control group design dan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Sampel yang diambil adalah kelas X dengan jumlah siswa 33. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah instrumen tes berupa soal pilihan ganda dan non-tes berupa angket. Data hasil instrument tes dianalisis secara kuantitatif, sedangkan data hasil non-tes dianalisis secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan analisis data, diperoleh hasil belajar siswa kelas X pada konsep suhu dan kalor. Hasil uji hipotesis terhadap data posttest menunjukkan nilai thitung = 4,53 dan nilai ttabel = 1,998. Nilai thitung > ttabel, sehingga H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan media pembelajaran zooming presentation lebih tinggi dibandingkan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa tanpa menggunakan media pembelajaran zooming presentation. Hasil belajar siswa kelas eksperimen lebih unggul dalam meningkatkan kemampuan mengingat (C1), memahami (C2), menerapkan (C3), dan menganalisis (C4). Selanjutnya berdasarkan analisis data nontes berdasarkan angket respon siswa terhadap media pembelajaran zooming presentation berada pada kategori baik dengan persentase 76%.
The Relationship of Self Regulated Learning with Academic Adjustment of Seventh Grade Santri of Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Hannani Ulfa , Ajisuksmo Clara
Published: December 2021

Academic adjustment is an important thing for students, especially seventh graders at Miftahul Ulum Islamic Boarding School, one of the modern-based Islamic boarding schools that combines the national education curriculum and the cottage curriculum. In early adolescence, students have begun to develop cognitive strategies and adjust behavior to the academic environment. The ability of students to regulate cognitive and behavior in learning is called self-regulated learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-regulated learning and the academic adjustment amongst seventh grade students of Miftahul Ulum Islamic Boarding School. The research method used in this research was mixed methods. Quantitative data was collected from 160 students through The Motivated Strategies of Learning Questionnaire Scale (MSLQ) to measure self-regulated learning and Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) to measure academic adjustment. While in the qualitative approach, group interviews students were conducted into three group based on the level of the self-regulated learning group and academic adjustment. The result reveals that there was a significant positive relationship between self-regulated learning and the academic adjustment of seventh grade students at Miftahul Ulum Islamic Boarding School (r = 0,561; p < 0,001) indicating that students who had high self-regulated learning also had high academic adjustment at Miftahul Ulum Islamic Boarding School. The group discussion found interesting results where students who have good motivation, cognitive strategies and learning behavior strategies, then adjust themselves to academic demands at Miftahul Ulum Islamic Boarding School is also good.
Program Evaluation of A Community-Based Drug Rehabilitation Center: The Perspectives of The Persons Who Use Drugs (PWUDs)
Authors: Masanda Argel Bondoc , Cabrera Gino , Andal Alain Bernard , Delariarte Clarissa , Tanganco Gil Jeff , Balbuena Alyanna Fae
Published: December 2021

Bahay Pagbabago ni Apong Pilar is a community-based, church-initiated, and DDB (Dangerous Drugs Board) recognized and accredited formation shelter in San Simon, Pampanga. Using the sequential explanatory design, this study conducted surveys and focused-group discussions with 32 reformists to assess the shelter's formation program based on the reformists' standpoints. Quantitative results using Spearman's rank correlations showed that there seemed to be a significant relationship between attitude towards livelihood (ρ (2) = 6.589, sig. = 0.037*, p < 0.05) and spiritual activities (ρ (27) = 0.587**, p < 0.01), as formative components of the program, and perceived self-improvement (ρ (2) = 13.573, sig. = 0.001**, p < 0.01) during their stay in the formation shelter. It suggests that as the reformist develops a more positive attitude towards the livelihood, sports, and spiritual activities being offered at the formation center, it is also more likely that they may develop a higher sense of self-improvement.  Qualitative data yielded three general themes: (1) finding a higher purpose and deeper meaning in life through spiritually uplifting undertakings; (2) having family-oriented treatment, making them feel nothing less of their humanity; and (3) having holistic and dynamic activities, those that focus on the developmental facets. These are the elements deemed by the reformists as important, which constitute effective reintegration to their families, communities, and society.
Global Health Education and Best Practices for Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Trainees
Authors: Rent Sharla , North Krysten , Diego Ellen , Bose Carl
Published: December 2021

Neonatal-perinatal medicine (NPM) trainees are expressing an increased interest in global health. NPM fellowship programs are tasked with ensuring that interested fellows receive appropriate training and mentorship to participate in the global health arena. Global health engagement during fellowship varies based on a trainee’s experience level, career goals, and academic interests. Some trainees may seek active learning opportunities through clinical rotations abroad whereas others may desire engagement through research or quality improvement partnerships. To accommodate these varying interests, NPM fellows and training programs may choose to explore institutional partnerships, opportunities through national organizations with global collaborators, or domestic opportunities with high-risk populations. During any global health project, the NPM trainee needs robust mentorship from professionals at both their home institution and their partner international site. Trainees intending to use their global health project to fulfill the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) scholarly activity requirement must also pay particular attention to selecting a project that is feasible during fellowship and also meets ABP criteria for board eligibility. Above all, NPM fellows and training programs should strive to ensure equitable, sustainable, and mutually beneficial collaborations.
Fetal Screening for Chromosomal Abnormalities
Authors: Fiorentino Desiree G. , Hughes Francine
Published: December 2021

With more and more reproductive-aged women opting to pursue genetic screening during pregnancy, health care professionals must understand the variety of testing options available as well as the advantages and limitations of each testing option. Presently, no single screening test is universally believed to be superior because the combination of the specific test and the population being tested determines the range of potential identifiable conditions as well as the positive predictive values. As a result, pre- and posttest counseling are not always straightforward and may require discussions with multiple specialists including genetic counselors, obstetricians, and pediatricians/neonatologists. The purpose of this review is to summarize the screening options currently available to pregnant women to determine their risk of having a child affected by a chromosomal disorder. Screening for chromosomal abnormalities using ultrasonography, maternal serum analytes, cell-free DNA, and preimplantation genetic testing will be discussed here. Advances in the field, including the possible future use of cell-based noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) as a more accurate method for genetic screening and the incorporation of screening for copy number variants (microdeletions and duplications) into traditional cell-free NIPS will also be reviewed.
Neonatal Cholestasis: Updates on Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Prevention
Authors: Feldman Amy G. , Sokol Ronald J.
Published: December 2021

Cholestatic jaundice is a common presenting feature of hepatobiliary and/or metabolic dysfunction in the newborn and young infant. Timely detection of cholestasis, followed by rapid step-wise evaluation to determine the etiology, is crucial to identify those causes that are amenable to medical or surgical intervention and to optimize outcomes for all infants. In the past 2 decades, genetic etiologies have been elucidated for many cholestatic diseases, and next-generation sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing now allow for relatively rapid and cost-effective diagnosis of conditions not previously identifiable via standard blood tests and/or liver biopsy. Advances have also been made in our understanding of risk factors for parenteral nutrition–associated cholestasis/liver disease. New lipid emulsion formulations, coupled with preventive measures to decrease central line–associated bloodstream infections, have resulted in lower rates of cholestasis and liver disease in infants and children receiving long-term parental nutrition. Unfortunately, little progress has been made in determining the exact cause of biliary atresia. The median age at the time of the hepatoportoenterostomy procedure is still greater than 60 days; consequently, biliary atresia remains the primary indication for pediatric liver transplantation. Several emerging therapies may reduce the bile acid load to the liver and improve outcomes in some neonatal cholestatic disorders. The goal of this article is to review the etiologies, diagnostic algorithms, and current and future management strategies for infants with cholestasis.
Surgical Interventions During End-of-Life Hospitalizations in Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Traynor Michael D. , Antiel Ryan M. , Camazine Maraya N. , Blinman Thane A. , Nance Michael L. , Eghtesady Pirooz , Lam Sandi K. , Hall Matt , Feudtner Chris
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVES

To characterize patterns of surgery among pediatric patients during terminal hospitalizations in children’s hospitals.

METHODS

We reviewed patients ≤20 years of age who died among 4 424 886 hospitalizations from January 2013–December 2019 within 49 US children’s hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System database. Surgical procedures, identified by International Classification of Diseases procedure codes, were classified by type and purpose. Descriptive statistics characterized procedures, and hypothesis testing determined if undergoing surgery varied by patient age, race and ethnicity, or the presence of chronic complex conditions (CCCs).

RESULTS

Among 33 693 terminal hospitalizations, the majority (n = 30 440, 90.3%) of children were admitted for nontraumatic causes. Of these children, 15 142 (49.7%) underwent surgery during the hospitalization, with the percentage declining over time (P < .001). When surgical procedures were classified according to likely purpose, the most common were to insert or address hardware or catheters (31%), explore or aid in diagnosis (14%), attempt to rescue patient from mortality (13%), or obtain a biopsy (13%). Specific CCC types were associated with undergoing surgery. Surgery during terminal hospitalization was less likely among Hispanic children (47.8%; P < .001), increasingly less likely as patient age increased, and more so for Black, Asian American, and Hispanic patients compared with white patients (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

Nearly half of children undergo surgery during their terminal hospitalization, and accordingly, pediatric surgical care is an important aspect of end-of-life care in hospital settings. Differences observed across race and ethnicity categories of patients may reflect different preferences for and access to nonhospital-based palliative, hospice, and end-of-life care.
Child Labor and Sex Trafficking
Authors: Greenbaum Jordan
Published: December 2021

Regardless of their practice setting or subspecialty, pediatricians are likely to encounter children who have experienced sex or labor trafficking or who are at risk for exploitation. Only 24.1% of health professionals in one study reported receiving previous training on human trafficking; after a brief presentation on the topic, 39.6% indicated that they knew or suspected they had cared for a trafficked person in the past 3 months. Trafficked and exploited children can present with myriad physical or mental health conditions; most have experienced repeated, significant trauma; and few are likely to spontaneously disclose their exploitative situation. As a result, clinicians face challenges in recognizing and appropriately responding to potential human trafficking. Knowledge of common risk factors and potential indicators of exploitation can assist the pediatrician in recognizing affected and at-risk youth. However, health professionals report that existing training tends to focus on general information about trafficking, with relatively little time spent discussing the specifics of the trauma-informed approach to patient interactions. Given the critical importance of building patient trust, empowering patients to share their concerns, and engaging them in their own care and safety planning, this article focuses on the practical aspects of working with trafficked and exploited children. A brief overview of human trafficking is followed by an extensive discussion of rights-based, culturally sensitive, trauma-informed strategies for interacting with vulnerable patients.
Bacteria variety causing clinical mastitis in Holstein-Friesian cows in Pelagonia region, North Macedonia
Authors: Stojanovski S. , Cilev G. , Trajanoska B.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The main aim of this study are the bacteria that most often cause clinical mastitis (CM) and their impact on milk reduction in Holstein-Friesian cows in the Pelagonia – North Macedonia region. 36 milk samples were taken from Holstein-Friesian breed of cows with confirmed clinical mastitis by a veterinarian. The samples were taken for the period from January 2019 to December 2020 from 20 different smallholder farms situated in the monitored region. Two sterile tubes with 10 ml of milk in each of them were taken from the affected part of the udder of the cow. A total of 86 tubes with milk from 36 mastitis cows were taken. From each sample 300 µl drips were placed in petri dishes with different selective nutrient media: Mannitol Salt Agar, MacConkey Agar, Endo Agar and Edwards nutrient medium. The petri dishes were incubated at 35±2°C for 24-48 hours in Mannitol Salt Agar, at 30-35°C for 18 to 72 hours in MacConkey Agar, at 35±2°C for 18 to 24 hours in Endo Agar and at 35-37°C for 24-48 hours in Edwards nutrient medium. Morphology of colonies and cells were examined with a microscope. A total of 119 strains were obtained and the following physiological and biochemical studies were performed to determine the new isolates: oxidase reaction, catalysis activity, indol test, hydrolysis of the hyporate, acetoin formation (acetylmethylcarbinol, Voges-Proscauer reaction) and Methyl-Roth test (MR- test). The results obtained revealed that the most common bacterial species causing clinical mastitis in Holstein-Friesian cows in 2019 and 2020 were six species of bacteria, where E. coli and Staphylococcus spp. are dominant.
Immunohistological localisation of growth factors in stroma and interstitial gland tissue of goat (Capra hircus) ovary
Authors: Saini S. , Bhat R. A.
Published: December 2021

The growth factors platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) have been demonstrated to stimulate the in vitro prolife­ration of theca and granulosa cells in different animals. The present study was conducted to localise the growth factors PDGF, TGF-α and TGF-β in different types of interstitial cells and stromal cells of normal cycling goat ovaries. Tissue fixed in formalin was processed through a graded series of alcohols and embedded in paraffin wax. The sections were immunohistochemically stained with antibo­dies against PDGF, TGF-α and TGF-β. The binding affinity of interstitial cells and stromal cells were observed and photographed. The staining pattern of PDGF, TGF-α and TGF-β was mild to strong in stromal cells. The primary and secondary interstitial cells exhibited varied staining patterns for all studied growth factors. These findings in goat suggests that PDGF, TGF-α, TGF-β were potentially an important autocrine regulator of different cell functions and possibly a paracrine regulator of ovarian cell function at various development stages.
First isolation and molecular phylogenetic analysis of Coxiella burnetii in lactating cows
Authors: Gharban H. A. J. , Yousif A. A.
Published: December 2021

Q fever is an infectious disease of animals and humans, caused by globally distributed C. burnetii. In Iraq, there are no previous studies associated with the detection of the organism in cattle. An overall of 130 lactating cows were submitted to direct collection of milk samples. Initially, the samples of milk were tested using the molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting three genes (16S rRNA, IS1111a transposase, and htpB). However, positive results (18.46%; 24/130) were detected only with the 16s rRNA gene. Concerning risk factors, the highest prevalence of C. burnetii was showed in the district of Badra (42.86%), whereas the lowest - in Al-Numaniyah and Al-Suwaira districts (P=0.025). There was no significant variation in positivity between the months of sampling period (P=0.082) and between age groups (P=0.076). Crossbred cows (20.69%) showed a higher positivity than local and pure breeds (P=0.043). Milk of positive samples (n=24) was used for cultivation of C. burnetii into specific pathogen free-embryonated chicken eggs (SPF-ECEs). After three passages into SPF-ECEs, contents of yolk sac were collected, subjected for DNA extraction, and re-tested by PCR assay using the primer of 16s rRNA gene only. Of 24 cultivated milk samples, 12.5% (3/24) were positive for C. burnetii. Finally, the positive local isolates were analysed phylogenetically and reported in NCBI-Genbank under the accession numbers of MN121700.1, MN121701.1, and MN121702.1. In conclusion, this is a unique study as it detected C. burnetii in Iraqi lactating cows, and confirmed that organism was shed actively through milk, suggesting that these animals can play a role as a reservoir for organism with potential risk for transmission of infection from these animals to humans as well as to other animal species.
How customer service representatives lose control of the call
Authors: Cruz Priscilla Angela T. , Lockwood Jane
Published: December 2021

The contact centre industry has been growing rapidly in the Philippines over the last two decades and now boasts over one million customer service representatives (CSRs). Outsourcing work to this destination, where English may not be the first language, can lead to communication difficulties. Problems of locally recruited CSRs ‘losing control of the call’, leading to customer frustration and poor feedback, have previously been attributed to poor grammar and incomprehensible accents. However, more recent research has suggested that such communicative problems actually stem from a more general inability to build relationships and appropriately select, explain and describe information about the product or service and, if needed, instruct the client on what to do. This paper therefore examines ‘losing control of a call’ in terms of the overall exchange. Specifically, two calls were examined to analyse how information was organised, packaged and developed to the satisfaction (or not) of the client. We argue that discrete grammatical inaccuracies and regional accents do not result in losing control as much as the way overall meaning is managed by the CSR. The implications of these initial findings could be of importance to the recruitment, training, coaching and appraisal of CSRs in an industry where the nature of communication breakdown remains poorly understood.
Professional identity construction in the healthcare sector
Authors: Kaufhold Kathrin , Wirdenäs Karolina
Published: December 2021

Professionals who engage with migrants in the healthcare sector may take on the role of mediator of information or advisor. Research has shown how these roles might either facilitate or obstruct migrants’ access to healthcare, but little is known about how professionals navigate the potentially conflicting interests of migrants and representatives of the healthcare system, despite their central role in realizing migrants’ rights to healthcare. This article explores the perspectives of professionals in the Swedish healthcare sector who engage in mediating healthcare information to migrants across linguistic and cultural boundaries and advising them on how to access services. Narrative interviews with five stakeholder groups were conducted. The narrative analysis of two focal excerpts from different professional groups demonstrates how these professionals construct mediating as multidirectional, providing information to the migrants and also keeping the state authority informed. The findings reveal the importance of the knowledge positions that different professionals construct in their narratives and to what extent these support their perceived potential to change the healthcare system. In contrast to findings from other studies, the participants are adamant as regards the importance of treating migrants within the framework of the legal provisions, rather than by finding ways around legal constraints. Nevertheless, the use of rhetorical means to create an effective story can bear the danger of perpetuating one-sided accounts of the migrants and other stakeholders.
El fragmentarismo en la novela modernista española: el «Diario de un enfermo» (1901) de Azorín
Authors: Garrido-Ardila Juan-Antonio
Published: December 2021

Este artículo analiza el fragmentarismo en la primera de las novelas de Azorín, la titulada Diario de un enfermo (1901). A tal fin procedemos, primero, a destacar la importancia del fragmentarismo en la novela modernista en cuanto técnica para la aplicación de algunas características esenciales de la literatura de esa época, fundamentalmente la interiorización narrativa. Seguidamente, y a partir de la categorización de fragmento avanzada por Frank Kermode, analizamos el uso en el Diario de un enfermo de varios tipos de fragmento, dispuestos al objeto de minimizar la trama e intensificar el perspectivismo interiorizador. Concluiremos que, comoquiera que el propósito de la novela consiste en mostrar el alma del protagonista, los fragmentos que la conforman se demuestran fundamentales para la consecución de tal fin.
The intersection race/skin color and gender, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption: cross sectional analysis of the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2013
Authors: Garcia Gisseila Andrea Ferreira , SIlva Etna Kaliane Pereira da , Giatti Luana , Barreto Sandhi Maria
Published: December 2021

Abstract: This study aims to investigate whether the intersectional identities defined by race/skin color and gender are associated with smoking and excessive consumption of alcohol in a representative sample of Brazilian adults. This is a cross-sectional study with 48,234 participants in the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS) - 2013. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were used to estimate the associations of intersectional categories of race/skin color and gender (white woman, brown woman, black woman, white man, brown man, black man) with smoking and excessive consumption of alcohol, based on the combination of weekly “days” and “servings”. The prevalence of smoking varied from 10.6% for white women to 23.1% for black men, while the prevalence of elevated consumption of alcohol ranged from 3.3% to 14%, respectively. In comparison to white women, only white, brown, and black men presented greater chances of smoking, reaching the OR of 2.04 (95%CI: 1.66-2.51) in black men. As to excessive consumption of alcohol, all intersectional categories showed greater chances of consumption than white women, with the greatest magnitude in black men (OR = 4.78; 95%CI: 3.66-6.23). These associations maintained statistical significance after adjustments made for sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics. Results demonstrated differences in smoking habit and excessive consumption of alcohol when the intersectional categories were compared to traditional analyses. These findings reinforce the significance of including intersectionality of race/skin color and gender in epidemiological studies.
Stable isotope analysis reveals partitioning in prey use by Kajikia audax (Istiophoridae), Thunnus albacares, Katsuwonus pelamis, and Auxis spp. (Scombridae) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific of Ecuador
Authors: Rosas-Luis Rigoberto , Cabanillas-Terán Nancy , Villegas-Sánchez Carmen A.
Published: December 2021

Abstract Kajikia audax, Thunnus albacares, Katsuwonus pelamis, and Auxis spp. occupy high and middle-level trophic positions in the food web. They represent important sources for fisheries in Ecuador. Despite their ecological and economic importance, studies on pelagic species in Ecuador are scarce. This study uses stable isotope analysis to assess the trophic ecology of these species, and to determine the contribution of prey to the predator tissue. Isotope data was used to test the hypothesis that medium-sized pelagic fish species have higher δ15N values than those of the prey they consumed, and that there is no overlap between their δ13C and δ15N values. Results showed higher δ15N values for K. audax, followed by T. albacares, Auxis spp. and K. pelamis, which indicates that the highest position in this food web is occupied by K. audax. The stable isotope Bayesian ellipses demonstrated that on a long time-scale, these species do not compete for food sources. Moreover, δ15N values were different between species and they decreased with a decrease in predator size.
Sovereign Power, Government and Global Liberalism’s Crisis
Authors: Cuadro Mariela
Published: December 2021

Abstract Abstract: For some time now a leading cause of debate among IR scholars has been the so-called Liberal International Order (LIO) and its assumed crisis. This article pierces this debate from a critical perspective asserting that different conceptions and analytics of power allow diverse questions on and diagnoses of liberalism in the global realm. With this objective, it confronts Ikenberry’s conception of LIO with the Foucauldian notion of liberalism. This is done by identifying the conception of power that underlies each notion of liberalism, assuming the former as performative. This way, it first defines two different conceptions of power: sovereign and governmental. Second, it links Ikenberry’s conception of LIO with the sovereign conception of power and points out the political and analytical effects of this relation, mainly, the hierarchical character of LIO and the consequent desire for a West-led world. Third, it develops Foucault’s conception of liberalism linked to governmental power and establishes some of its political and analytical effects: the importance of a heterarchical notion of power focused on the dimension of subject and subjectivity for the analysis of the present, and the political need to reflect on our practices of freedom.