bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TINGKAT KEMAMPUAN TENDANGAN SABIT PADA PERGURUAN PENCAK SILAT SETIA HATI TERATE (PSHT) RAYON BALONGASEM KECAMATAN LENGKONG KABUPATEN NGANJUK
Authors: Kustoro Arif , Sinto Raya Garnika Ade
Published: May 2024

The sickle kick is one of the most important kick techniques in pencak silat. This study aims to examine the level of sickle kick ability among members of the Setia Hati Terate Pencak Silat College (PSHT) Balongasem Rayon, Lengkong District, Nganjuk Regency. One of the kicking techniques that is often used in attacks is the sickle kick. In this case, a survey conducted on the ability of sickle kicks in the training of Balongasem Rayon athletes, Lengkong District, Nganjuk Regency was attended by 18 participants. The type of research used isiquantitative with survey methods. Instrumentitest using testi speedi kick isickle Results Research shows that in the "very good" category there were 3 participants (16.67%), in the fair category there were 12 participants (66.67%), and in the very poor category there were 3 participants (16.67%). It is hoped that this research will provide an overview of the mastery of the sickle kick technique and the factors that influence it, such as the training curriculum, quality of trainers, and member motivation. The results of the research can be used as material for evaluation and improvement in the training program at PSHT Rayon Balongasem in order to improve the sickle kicking abilities and achievements of its members in various pencak silat competitions.
Intervención fisioterapéutica en paciente postoperatorio de medula anclada periodo septiembre – octubre 2023. Reporte de caso
Authors: Barragán Ramírez Dulce Mariana , Alvarado Alvarado Jennifer Itzel
Published: May 2024

El síndrome de médula anclada en adultos es poco común y se manifiesta como resultado de diversas malformaciones en la médula, lo que lleva a una inmovilidad estructural debido al cierre deficiente de los huesos y la médula. Dentro del cuadro clínico de esta enfermedad tiene un comienzo insidioso e inespecífico. Clínicamente las manifestaciones del síndrome de médula anclada incluyen deterioro de la sensibilidad y la función motora en las piernas. Deformidades ortopédicas en los pies, como pie cavo y pie equino. La investigación del caso clínico realizada a una paciente con diagnóstico de medula anclada post operada en donde la fisioterapia se basó en ejercicios terapéutico con el objetivo mejorar la funcionalidad de la paciente.
Garantía de estabilidad laboral y nulidad de despidos de personas con discapacidad: Derecho comparado entre Ecuador y España
Authors: Constante Ruiz Verónica , Rodríguez Muñoz Alexsa
Published: May 2024

La presente investigación analizó la discapacidad como una condición que presentan algunas personas y que puede ser considerada como una limitante para que el individuo se capaz desarrollarse plenamente en la sociedad. En razón de ello, muchas personas han sido objeto de discriminación y en consecuencia de exclusión social. Uno de esos entornos en los cuales estas personas han sido discriminadas es el laboral. Para contrarrestar esta situación los Estados y órganos de defensa de los derechos humanos han adoptado mecanismos para procurar la salvaguarda de los derechos de estas personas. Aun así, a la fecha todavía existen países en los cuales su marco normativo y políticas implementadas no garantizan el respeto de los derechos de las personas con discapacidad. Es por este motivo que se verificó si España y Ecuador cuentan de forma legal con la figura de la estabilidad laboral en protección de los trabajadores en situación de discapacidad en caso de rescisión del contrato laboral, garantizando el cumplimiento del artículo 7 del Pacto Internacional de los Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales (PIDESC).
BREVES DE MEDECINE
Authors: VAILLANT H , CADWALLADER JS , GOCKO X
Published: May 2024

Fibrillation et conséquences Lorsqu’une fibrillation atriale (FA) est diagnostiquée, la prise en charge se concentre sur le risque d’accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC). L’évolution dans le temps de la FA et de ses complications avec les nouveaux traitements de prévention des AVC n’a pas encore été pleinement explorée. Les données de la population danoises ont été exploitées du 1er janvier 2000 au 31 décembre 2022. 3,5 millions de personnes (51,7 % de femmes) qui ne souffraient pas de FA à 45 ans ont été suivies jusqu’à l’apparition d’une FA, le décès ou la fin du suivi. Les 362 721 personnes ayant une FA (46,4 % de femmes) sans complication ont été suivies jusqu’à l’apparition d’une insuffisance cardiaque, d’un AVC ou d’un infarctus du myocarde (IDM). Le risque de FA au cours de la vie a augmenté, passant de 24,2 % sur la période 2000-2010 à 30,9 % sur la période 2011-2022, soit une différence de 6,7 % (intervalle de confiance à 95 % [IC95] = 6,5-6,8). La complication la plus fréquente était l’insuffisance cardiaque avec un risque vie entière de 42,9 % en 2000-2010 et de 42,1 % en 2011-2022 (-0,8 % ; IC95 = -3,8-2,2 %). Les risques d’AVC et d’IDM ont légèrement diminué entre ces deux périodes, passant de 22,4 à 19,9 % pour l’AVC (-2,5 % ; -4,2--0,7) et de 13,7 à 9,8 % pour l’IDM (-3,9 % ; -5,3--2,4). Parmi les personnes atteintes de FA, environ deux sur cinq ont développé une insuffisance cardiaque et une sur cinq a eu un AVC, sans amélioration ou avec une amélioration minime au fil du temps. BMJ 2024. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2023-077209.
Education and Character Reformation in Nigeria Contemporary Society: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Nwachukwu Emmanuel Lucas , Azuka Chukwuma Victoria
Published: May 2024

Education is a transformative tool that is critical to the progress and development of a nation. The goal of true education is more than the cognitive development and creative thought processes. It is also about character molding of a person, making a holistic individual. It is true that the foundation of a quality education is character. An individual's education cannot be complete without character, and the knowledge they have acquired will not benefit Nigerian society or themselves unless their character is transformed. This study identifies character deficit as a major challenge in Nigeria contemporary society. The research examines the issues and prospects, and how education can be applied through character reformation to address the problems. To achieve the purpose of this study, qualitative method research is utilized. It relies on secondary data collected from text books, journal articles, and was analyzed in relation to the scope of the study (Nigeria). The theoretical framework is drawn from the social learning theory of Albert Bandura’s and moral development theory of Jean Piaget which set out the progressive model on how the Nigerian society can be morally re-engineered to produce citizens that will contribute to the progress and growth of Nigeria. It concludes and recommends that an integrative and consensus approach be adopted to achieve this objective.
Authentic Discipleship
Authors: Lumpp David
Published: May 2024

The prosperity gospels must be considered first in the context of authentic discipleship, which is herein defined and unfolded thematically (from both Old and New Testaments) as a life of worship; devotion and loyalty in the form of faithfulness, renunciation, mercy, and love; and self-sacrifice.  So understood, such discipleship is the antithesis of personal status, worldly privilege, and/or temporal power--in other words, it is the antithesis of the kinds of status, privilege, and power falsely claimed by the prosperity gospels.
Strategi Kampung Samin Dalam Pengembangan Wisata Budaya Berbasis Industri Kreatif Batik
Authors: Kinari Nadhira Sekar , Yudhiasta Sheidy
Published: May 2024

Kampung Samin, sebuah komunitas yang kaya akan tradisi budaya, telah mengambil langkah berani dalam mengembangkan potensi wisata budaya dengan fokus pada industri batik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi strategi yang diadopsi oleh Kampung Samin dalam pengembangan wisata budaya berbasis industri batik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi partisipatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kampung Samin telah mengimplementasikan berbagai strategi yang efektif, termasuk pemberdayaan komunitas lokal, kerja sama dengan pelaku industri batik, promosi melalui media sosial, dan penggunaan teknologi dalam memperluas jangkauan pasar. Implementasi strategi ini telah menghasilkan peningkatan signifikan dalam jumlah pengunjung dan pendapatan dari industri batik. Namun demikian, tantangan seperti pemeliharaan warisan budaya dan keberlanjutan pengembangan masih menjadi fokus utama. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan yang berharga bagi pemerintah, pelaku industri, dan komunitas lokal dalam mengembangkan wisata budaya berbasis industri batik di kampung-kampung tradisional.
Uji Aktivitas Analgesik Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pinang (Areca Catechu L.) Terhadap Mencit Jantan (Mus Musculus)
Authors: Kumala Maria Editya
Published: May 2024

Nyeri adalah gejala serta mekanisme di dalam tubuh yang menandakan adanya gangguan seperti infeksi, peradangan, atau kejang otot pada jaringan yang mengakibatkan seseorang berespon untuk menghindari rangsangan nyeri yang dirasakannya. Kelompok obat dengan aktivitas pereda nyeri ialah analgesik. Aktivitas tersebut dapat bekerja dengan beberapa cara, yakni dengan menghambat sensitivitas nosiseptor sentral atau perifer terhadap rangsangan mekanik, termal, elektrik atau kimia, atau juga dapat bekerja melalui penghambatan mediator nyeri atau produksi prostaglandin. Pinang ialah tanaman sejenis palma dengan struktur batang memanjang dengan buah berbentuk telur memanjang berisi 1 biji di dalamnya. Tanaman pinang mempunyai aktivitas yang bersifat antinyeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas analgesik ekstrak etanol biji pinang (Areca catechu L.) terhadap mencit jantan (Mus musculus). Biji pinang diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Pengujian analgesik menggunkan 15 ekor mencit jantan masing-masing dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif (CMC-Na), kelompok kontrol posistif (Natrium diklofenak), kelompok ekstrak biji pinang (dosis 250 mg/kgBB, 300 mg/kgBB dan 350 mg/kgBB). Uji aktivitas analgesik menggunakan metode Tail flick. Analisis data menggunakan uji shapiro-wilk lalu dilanjutkan dengan uji ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkian bahwa ekstrak etanol biji pinang dapat memberikan aktivitas analgesik pada dosis 250 mg/kgBB dan dosis 350 mg/kgBB menunjukkan aktivitas analgesik yang paling optimal terhadap mencit putih jantan.
The nazi policy of extermination of persons held in psychiatric clinics on the example of the extermination of patients of the Litvinov psychiatric hospital in the village of Burashevo
Authors: Занько Е.А.
Published: May 2024

целью научной статьи, является формирование представления о том, какую политику проводили нацисты в отношении пациентов психиатрических больниц во время Великой Отечественной Войны на примере одной, конкретной психиатрической больницы им. Литвинова в селе Бурашево, Калининского района, Калининской области. В силу идеологизированности данная тема мало изучалась в советское время, что привело к малому количеству источников и литературы по данной теме. Лишь в современной России данная тема стала придаваться огласке, что позволило заняться её пристальным изучением. В данной статье, с помощью метода анализа различных источников и научной литературы, как современной, так и прошлых лет, зарубежной и краеведческой получены исчерпывающие сведения о нацистской политике в отношении психически больных людей. Для чего нацисты проводили подобную политику, какие методы они использовали и какие потери нанесли Советскому Союзу. Материалы статьи могут быть полезны для всех исследователей, кто занимается подобной темой, в качестве конкретного примера деятельности нацистских формирований в регионе; для тех, кто исследует суть идеологии национал-социализма; а также для исследователей истории Тверской области.

the aim of the scientific article is to form an idea of what kind of policy the Nazis pursued towards patients of psychiatric hospitals during the Great Patriotic War on the example of one specific psychiatric hospital named after Litvinov in the village of Burashevo, Kalininsky district, Kalinin region. Due to the ideologization, this topic was little studied in Soviet times, which led to a small number of sources and literature on this topic. It was only in modern Russia that this topic began to be made public, which made it possible to study it closely. In this article, using the method of analyzing various sources and scientific literature, both modern and past, foreign and local history, comprehensive information about the Nazi policy towards mentally ill people is obtained. Why did the Nazis pursue such a policy, what methods did they use and what losses did they inflict on the Soviet Union. The materials of the article may be useful for all researchers who deal with such a topic, as a specific example of the activities of Nazi formations in the region; for those who explore the essence of the ideology of National Socialism; and also for researchers of the history of the Tver region.
Bashkir down shawl: past and present
Authors: Мигранова Э.В. , Утарбаева В.С.
Published: May 2024

в статье рассматривается развитие пуховязального ремесла в республике, выделяются его региональные особенности. Целью исследования является обобщение историко-этнографических и фольклорных материалов, дополненных полевыми записями авторов, а также рассмотрение современного состояния пуховязального промысла в Башкортостане с учетом своеобразия республики и этнокультурных традиций башкир. Проведенное исследование позволило высказать предположение, что вязание шалей из козьего пуха было одним из древнейших традиционных ремесел башкир, уникальным художественным явлением, органично вплетенным в систему жизнеобеспечения народа. В наши дни в Башкирии идет активная работа по популяризации пуховязания и сохранению его на всех уровнях. Большую роль при этом играет Республиканский центр народного творчества, активно взаимодействующий с муниципальными органами власти, научными и общественными организациями.

the article examines the development of down knitting craft in the republic, highlights its regional features. The purpose of the study is to summarize historical, ethnographic and folklore materials supplemented by field notes of the authors, as well as to consider the current state of down knitting in the Republic of Bashkortostan, taking into account its originality and ethnocultural traditions. The conducted research allowed us to suggest that knitting shawls from goat down was one of the oldest traditional crafts of the Bashkirs, a unique artistic phenomenon organically woven into the life support system of the people. Nowadays, Bashkiria is actively working to popularize down knitting and preserve it at all levels. The Republican Folk Art Center plays an important role in this, actively interacting with municipal authorities, scientific and public organizations.
Advanced aspirations of the Russian intelligentsia on the eve of the 1905 revolution
Authors: Сологян А.А. , Касарова В.Г.
Published: May 2024

данная статья посвящена исследованию процесса зарождения и становления Московского Художественного Театра – первого, общедоступного, разумного, нравственного, с высокой просветительской миссией. История государства Российского, накануне первой русской революции 1905 года, предстаёт как единый процесс, в котором, наряду с социальными, экономическими, политическими преобразованиями, просматриваются вопросы связанные с развитием культуры Российской Империи данного периода. В работе анализируется участие театрально-прогрессивной интеллигенции на фоне внутренних проблем страны в конце XlX – начала XX века. Особое внимание сконцентрировано на постановке исторической пьесы А.К. Толстого "Царь Фёдор Иоаннович". В условиях реакционной политики царизма театр становится единственным средством общения передовой мыслящей интеллигенции и народных масс. В постреформенный период, в начале XX века начинают доминировать исконно российская драматургия и литература. Вся напряжённая идейно-политическая, нравственная, идеологическая борьба театральной интеллигенции освещается в объективных исторических позициях в преддверии величайшего революционного переворота. В конце XIX начала XX создаются театры различных художественных направлений, но именно Московский Художественный становится творческим организмом и определяет вектор направления искусства в Российской Империи.

this article is devoted to the study of the process of origin and formation of the Moscow Art Theater – the first, publicly accessible, reasonable, moral, with a high educational mission. The history of the Russian state, on the eve of the first Russian revolution of 1905, appears as a single process in which, along with social, economic, and political transformations, issues related to the development of the culture of the Russian Empire of this period are visible. The work analyzes the participation of the theatrical-progressive intelligentsia against the backdrop of the country's internal problems at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Particular attention is focused on the production of the historical play by A.K. Tolstoy "Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich". Under the conditions of the reactionary policies of tsarism, theater becomes the only means of communication between the advanced thinking intelligentsia and the masses. In the post-reform period, at the beginning of the 20th century, native Russian drama and literature began to dominate. All the intense ideological, political, moral, ideological struggle of the theatrical intelligentsia is illuminated in objective historical positions on the eve of the greatest revolutionary coup. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th, theaters of various artistic directions were created, but it was the Moscow Art Theater that became a creative organism and determined the vector of the direction of art in the Russian Empire.
On the issue of cooperation between Far Eastern firms and entrepreneurs with the Nobel Brothers Oil Production Partnership
Authors: Молчанова Е.Г.
Published: May 2024

целью статьи является изучение сотрудничества «Товарищества нефтяного производства братьев Нобель» с дальневосточными фирмами и предпринимателями в конце XIX – начале XX вв. Источниковой базой работы стала переписка Товарищества братьев Нобель с дальневосточными коммерсантами, контракты компании на поставки нефтепродуктов Владивостокскому порту и другим казенным учреждениям, архивные материалы Министерства торговли и промышленности Российской империи, а также периодическая печать. Отмечается, что первоначально компания братьев Нобель пользовалась услугами предпринимателей-посредников, с которыми заключала контракты на поставку нефтепродуктов и их сбыт в дальневосточных населенных пунктах. В 1909 г. было учреждено Восточно-Азиатское нефтяное торгово-промышленное товарищество, которое, по сути, было дочерней фирмой Товарищества братьев Нобель. Эта компания развернула свои операции на территории Приморской, Амурской и Забайкальской областей, а также граничащих с ними государств. При этом автор отмечает, что учредителями данной компании были Э.Л. Нобель и совладелец крупного дальневосточного торгового дома «Кунст и Альберс» А.В. Даттан. Подчеркивается, что данное общество было создано на основе взаимовыгодного сотрудничества нефтяной компании братьев Нобель и одного из крупнейших торговых предприятий Дальнего Востока, имевшей сеть филиалов в регионе, широкие связи, штат высококвалифицированных сотрудников.

the purpose of the article is to study the cooperation of the Nobel Brothers Oil Production Partnership with Far Eastern firms and entrepreneurs in the late XIX – early XX centuries. The source base of the work was the correspondence of the Nobel Brothers Partnership with Far Eastern merchants, the company's contracts for the supply of petroleum products to the port of Vladivostok and other government institutions, archival materials of the Ministry of Trade and Industry of the Russian Empire, as well as periodicals. It is noted that initially the Nobel brothers company used the services of intermediary entrepreneurs, with whom it concluded contracts for the supply of petroleum products and their sale in Far Eastern settlements. In 1909, the East Asian Petroleum Commercial and Industrial Partnership was established, which, in fact, was a subsidiary of the Nobel Brothers Partnership. This company has deployed its operations on the territory of the Primorsky, Amur and Trans-Baikal regions, as well as the states bordering them. At the same time, the author notes that the founders of this company were E.L. Nobel and co-owner of the large Far Eastern trading house "Kunst and Albers" A.V. Dattan. It is emphasized that this company was created on the basis of mutually beneficial cooperation between the Nobel Brothers oil company and one of the largest trading enterprises in the Far East, which had a network of branches in the region, extensive connections, and a staff of highly qualified employees.
The criminogenic situation in Tsarskoye Selo in 1906-1907 in the materials of the periodical press
Authors: Шапкин Д.М.
Published: May 2024

цель: анализ криминогенных ситуаций в Царском Селе за 1906-1907 гг. по материалам периодической печати. Методы: применена группа методов, важнейшими выступили сравнительно-исторический и метод контент-анализа. Результаты: в рамках исследования периодической печати выявлено 117 различных правонарушений в период с 1906 по 1907 гг. Из них 77 зафиксированных фактов преступных деяний пришлись на кражи, грабежи и разбой. Наиболее криминальной локацией являлся железнодорожной вокзал и его окрестности, где произошло 14 преступлений или 12% от общего числа. Всего на долю скрытых краж пришлось более 50%: две трети случаев воровства связаны с лицами мужского пола, показатель женской преступности был на треть меньше. Выводы: автором была осуществлена оценка криминогенной обстановки в Царском Селе на основе хроник местной газеты. Проанализирован территориальный аспект распространения преступлений. Выявлены главные источники криминальных ситуаций. Чаще всего правонарушения происходили под воздействием экономических затруднений и вследствие приема спиртных напитков. Кроме того, дана оценка эффективности работы правоохранительных органов. Проведена классификация имущественных преступлений. Установлено соотношение между криминальными ситуациями с участием мужчин и женщин.

object: to analyze criminogenic situations in Tsarskoye Selo in 1906-1907 on the basis of periodicals. Methods: a group of methods was applied, the most important were comparative-historical and content-analysis methods. Findings: 117 different offenses in the period from 1906 to 1907 were identified within the framework of the study of periodicals. Of them 77 recorded facts of criminal acts were thefts, robberies and robbery. The most criminal location was the railway station and its surroundings, where 14 crimes or 12% of the total number occurred. Latent thefts accounted for more than 50% of the total, two-thirds of the thefts involved males, the female crime rate was one-third less. Conclusions: the author has carried out an assessment of the criminogenic situation in Tsarskoye Selo on the basis of chronicles of the local newspaper. The territorial aspect of the spread of crime has been analyzed. The main sources of criminal situations were revealed. Most often offenses occurred under the influence of economic difficulties and as a result of alcoholic beverages. In addition, the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies was assessed. A classification of property crimes was carried out. The ratio between criminal situations involving men and women was established.
National administrative divisions on the territory of Gorky Krai at the beginning of the 1930s in the context indigenization policy
Authors: Гордин А.А. , Рыбаков А.А.
Published: May 2024

в статье рассмотрены особенности развития национальной политики на территории Горьковского края в начале 1930-х годов, когда активно проходили процессы коренизации и формирования национальных автономий. Национальный вопрос за пределами национальных автономий строился по принципу формирования национальных сельских советов и национальных районов, что позволяло создавать условия для эффективного развития малых этносов в местах компактного проживания вне рамок крупных административно-территориальных единиц. Цель статьи – раскрыть основные направления политики коренизации в Горьковском крае в начале 1930-х годов. Достижение данной цели осуществляется через работу с данными по экономическому и культурному развитию административно-территориальных единиц Горьковского края, которые имели в своем составе ярко выраженную этническую составляющую.

the article examines the peculiarities of the development of national policy in the territory of the Gorky Region in the early 1930s, when the processes of indigenization and the formation of national autonomies were actively taking place. The national question outside the national autonomies was based on the principle of forming national village councils and national districts, which made it possible to create conditions for the effective development of small ethnic groups in places of compact residence outside the framework of large administrative-territorial units. The purpose of the article is to reveal the main directions of the indigenization policy in the Gorky Region in the early 1930s. This goal is achieved through working with data on the economic and cultural development of the administrative-territorial units of the Gorky Region, which had a pronounced ethnic component in their composition.
Afghanistan and Pakistan in Soviet and American Cold War politics: diplomatic relations and their ideological impact
Authors: Ибрайымов Г.В.
Published: May 2024

Афганистан во второй половине XX в. был одним из основных направлений в «холодной войне» СССР и США. Это небольшое государство Центральной Азии оказалось крайне ценным в регионально-стратегическом значении. Активность в Афганистане советских и американских дипломатических миссий вызвана необходимостью склонить афганские политические верхи на одну из сторон. Методы применялись разные, от мощной экономической поддержки до связей с внутренними организациями, нередко находящиеся в оппозиции к власти. Соседний Пакистан также имел серьезную ценность в регионе, поэтому поддержка оказывалась и ему. При этом у Пакистана имелись собственные внешнеполитические интересы, в том числе и в Афганистане. Со стороны Пакистана велась активная деятельность в союзе с США для установления контроля в Афганистане и противодействию распространения коммунистической идеологии. А идеологический фактор имел значительную роль в отношениях СССР и США с государствами Афганистан и Пакистан. Представленная статья ставит своей цель исследовать взаимодействия двух сверхдержав в Афганистане и Пакистане на политическом и идеологическом уровне. В основном исследование сосредоточится на проникновение и развитие марксизма в Афганистане, история афганской коммунистической партии, советско-афганским отношениям. Так же будет исследовано отношение обеих сверхдержав с Пакистаном, реакция США и Пакистана на происходящие в Афганистане события, и их совместное противодействие политики СССР.

in the second half of the 20th century, Afghanistan was one of the major focuses in the "Cold War" between the USSR and USA. This Central Asian country has proven to be of extreme strategic importance in the region. The activities of Soviet and American diplomatic missions in Afghanistan were motivated by the need to convince Afghan political leaders into one camp. Different methods were employed, ranging from strong economic aid to connections with domestic organizations that often oppose the government. Pakistan, a neighboring country, also had significant value in the area, so support for it was given. At the same time, Pakistan has its own foreign policies, including those regarding Afghanistan. Through alliance with the US, Pakistan actively works to establish control over Afghanistan and counter communist ideology's spread. And the ideological factor played a significant role in relations between the USSR and the United States and the states of Afghanistan and Pakistan. This article aims to explore interaction between these two superpowers in Afghanistan and Pakistan, at the political and ideological levels. The research will focus mainly on penetration and development of Marxism in Afghanistan, history of the Afghan Communist Party, and Soviet-Afghan relations. It will also investigate the relationship between both superpowers and Pakistan; the reaction of the US and Pakistan to events in Afghanistan; and their joint opposition to policy of the USSR.
List of wounded soldiers of Abraham Leslie's Regiment as a source for the history of military affairs and medicine mid-17th century
Authors: Гусельников С.Д.
Published: May 2024

целью статьи является анализ списка раненых полка Авраама Лесли для выявления тех вызовов которые стояли перед зарождающейся военно-полевой медициной в 50-е гг. XVII в. В данной статье на основе использования методов статистики, отражены ранения которые солдат мог получить в бою, их количественное и процентное соотношение. Т.е. те задачи которые стояли перед лечащими их врачами. Определение характера и мест ранений дает нам представление о необходимых медикаментах и навыках, которыми должны были обладать работники зарождающихся военно-полевых госпиталей. Также определяется роль такого типа источников как списки раненых для изучения военного дела и медицины XVII в., и перспективность дальнейшего изучения данной темы.

the purpose of the article is to analyze the list of wounded from Abraham Leslie's regiment, to identify the challenges that faced the nascent military field medicine in the 50s of the XVII century This article, based on the use of statistical methods, reflects the injuries that a soldier could receive in battle, their quantitative and percentage ratio. Those tasks that faced the doctors treating them. Determining the nature and location of wounds gives us an idea of the necessary medications and skills that workers in the nascent military field hospitals had to possess. The role of this type of sources as lists of the wounded for the study of military affairs and medicine of the 17th century is also determined, as well as the prospects for further study of this topic.
Evaluation of Conductive Hearing Loss in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Obstruction in a Tertiary Care Setup of Karachi
Authors: Mehfooz Sana , Iqrar Areej , Ahmed Zeba , Khan Tariq Zahid , Kumar Vasandani Rajesh , Junaid Tehmina
Published: May 2024

Objective: To evaluate the frequency and severity of conductive hearing loss in patients with nasopharyngeal obstruction, admitted in tertiary care setup of Karachi.
Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional type of study. The study was conducted in the depart- ment of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau, Civil Hospital, Karachi. The study continued for 6 months from September 8th, 2021, to March 8th 2022. Both males and fe- males were included in the study, with ages ranging between 15 and 40 years. The data was col- lected using a questionnaire. Questions were asked to all the patients with nasal/nasopharyngeal obstructive pathologies who were admitted in the ENT ward for different managements, including their gender, age, cause and duration of nasal/ nasopharyngeal obstruction. Assessment of degree and type of hearing loss was done using Pure Tone Audiogram (PTA). Data analysis done using SPSS version 23.
Results:  The patients’ average age was 28.23 ± 8.23 years. All patients with nasopharyngeal block- age suffered from conductive hearing loss (100%). The degree of conductive hearing loss in patients with nasopharyngeal blockage was mild loss in 51 (52.58%), moderate loss in 36 (37.11%), moderately severe loss in 9 (9.28%), and severe loss in one (1.03%).
Conclusion: This study suggests that there is a strong link between obstructive nasal and/or nasopharyngeal lesions and conductive hearing loss. If the study could be conducted on a larger scale, the role of eustachian tube obstruction in the formation and disease course of otitis media would become clearer, and its management would be more beneficial in the treatment of otitis media.
Comparing Dental Undergraduates’ Perceptions Regarding Case- Based Learning and Problem-Based Learning: A Karachi Multi-Center Survey
Authors: Zaidi Syed Akbar Abbas , Baqar Anum , Hakeem Saman , Abbas Zafar , Ilyas Farnaz , Raza Irum Munir
Published: May 2024

Objective: This study investigated and compared dental students’ perceptions regarding case-based learning (CBL) and problem-based learning (PBL) in Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical survey conducted across four institutions in Karachi from March to December 2021. The convenience sampling technique was used to extract the sample. The sample size of 384 was calculated using Openepi. The third and final-year undergradu- ate dental students who had experience with PBL and CBL participated. Feedback on the effective- ness & utility of PBL and CBL was gathered through a 5-point Likert scale. Results were checked for the significant association of variables under investigation through the utilization of an independent t- test. A p-value of 0.05 or less served as the benchmark for statistically significant findings.
Results: The survey was participated by 387 students, including 20.8% males and 79.1% females. Overall, 68.2% were satisfied with CBL as compared to PBL. 63.6% recommended using it as a pri- oritized teaching method, especially in the curriculum of clinical years of dentistry i.e. 64.3%. They praised its effectiveness in terms of decision-making, real-life application, achieving a higher level of knowledge, understanding course objectives, and managing time effectively. Students also valued PBL for enhancing their critical thinking, decision-making, and communication skills. The majority (57.4%) suggested employing it in the pre-clinical years of dentistry.
Conclusion: Dental students in Karachi favor CBL for its effective knowledge acquisition and practical application while acknowledging PBL’s strengths in developing critical thinking and communication skills. However, future research exploring faculty perspectives and cross-disciplinary comparisons is recommended.
Role Of Caffeine As A Bowel Stimulant After Major Gynecological Surgeries
Authors: Jabeen Maria , Yasmeen Tahira , Riaz Lubna , Parveen Naila , Raza Amina , Butt Fareeha
Published: May 2024

Objective: To investigate the role of caffeine as a bowel stimulant after major gynecological surger- ies. Coffee is a low-cost strategy to accelerate postoperative recovery of intestinal function/motility af- ter colorectal and gynecological surgery. Postoperative ileus or bowel paralysis is quite common in the postoperative period after abdominal surgery, such as elective colectomy, colorectal resection, caesarean section, or gynecological surgery. The occurrence of postoperative ileus leads to pro- longed patient hospital stay.
Methods: This randomized control study was single-centered, conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecol- ogy department of Liaquat National Hospital Karachi after approval from Research and Ethical review committee of hospital (Ref#:0416-2019-LNH-ERC ). The duration of study was one year from 20th February2019 to 20th February 2020. In this randomized controlled trial, 120 patients were randomly assigned before major gynecological surgery into control and intervention groups.
Results: A total of 120 women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Descriptive statistics of the demographic data were similar between the two groups. Statistical significant difference (p= 0.001) was found between the mean time (23±6.9 vs. 30±9.4 hours) for the passage of first flatus between the intervention group and the control group. Mean time to first bowel movement (37±6.8 vs. 30±4.8 hours), mean time to first defecation (42±8.3 vs.32±6.6 hours) and mean length of hospital stay after surgery (101±7.8 vs.72±5.6 hours) showed statistical significant difference between the two groups with p-value<0.05.
Conclusion: Coffee consumption (caffeine) after major gynecological surgery played an important role as a bowel stimulant. Drinking coffee reduced the mean time for first passage of flatus, First bowel sound, first defecation, and hours of hospital stay after surgery.
Analysis of the Decrement of Renal Weights in Adult Male Rats after Long Term Lithium Carbonate Ingestion
Authors: Kohari Tazeen , Hussain Rizvi Syed Meesam Iftikhar , Ali Asma Basharat
Published: May 2024

Objective: This analysis was aimed at evaluation of the effects of prolonged ingestion of Lithium carbonate on renal weights in rat models.
Methods: In our experimental analysis, twenty healthy male rats of age sixty-five days were randomly divided in two groups. Group A (n =10) and Group B (n=10) was given Lithium carbonate. Group A, which was the control group, was further divided into two subgroups according to time duration Group A1 (n=5) and Group A2 (n=5). The control group rodents were fed a lab diet consisting of vegetables, flour pellets and water for a period of 2 and 6 weeks, whereas Group B (n=10) was the Lithium- treated group which also contained five animals in each group. In the treated Group B the animals were divided according to time duration in B1 (2 weeks), Group B2 (6 weeks). Group B rodents along with the lab diet were given Lithium. At the end of the period, animals were sacrificed, and the skin, fascia, and intestines were separated and removed. The red oval kidney was weighed on Digital Weighing Balance at 2 and 6 weeks in all the Groups and recorded. Statistical Analysis was per- formed on SPSS version–16.
Results: The renal weights in grams of both groups were documented and it was found that Groups B1 and B2 treated with Lithium carbonate showed statistically highly significantly decreased p-value <0.001 of renal weights as compared to the Control Groups A1 and A2 which were on Lab diet. There were statistically highly significantly decreased renal weights at 6 weeks in group B2 than in Group B1, A1, and A2.
Conclusion: This analytical research has proved that renal damage occurs due to decreased renal weights in rat models due to prolonged intake of Lithium carbonate.
Risk Tolerance, Overconfidence and Investment Decisions in Nepal
Authors: Pitambar Lamichhane  , Arogya Simkhada
Published: May 2024

In the present globalized, modernized and digitalized business environment, investors are attracted to the stock market for their investment in financial assets rather than real assets. Investors' Investment decisions are affected by various factors affecting their investment in financial assets in the stock market.  This research intends to address problems of how investors’ psychological factors (risk attitude & overconfidence) influence their investment decisions. Therefore, this paper examines the impact of investors’ risk tolerance capacity and overconfidence level on investors’ investment decisions in Nepal. This study has applied descriptive and causality (regression) research designs to investigate the effect of risk tolerance and overconfidence on investment decisions based on financial behavior theories. Data were obtained through the structured questionnaire survey. Investment decision-making is considered a dependent variable in this research, and risk tolerance and investors' overconfidence levels are used as explanatory variables. The correlation result reveals positive associations between explanatory variables and investment decisions. The regression result of this research study concludes that risk tolerance capacity and overconfidence level both significantly impact investors’ investment decisions in the Nepalese stock market. Therefore, policymakers, regulatory bodies, decision makers, market traders, and academics should focus on investors’ risk tolerance ability and overconfidence level to enhance investors' ability to make sound investment decisions to maximize their returns and minimize risk in Nepal.
Climate Change and Gender Differential Impacts among Farmers in Tharaka-Nithi County in Kenya
Authors: Ndubi Jessica , Thuranira Elias , Murithi Festus
Published: May 2024

Aim: Climate change affects the livelihoods of all people irrespective of their gender but the poor are more negatively impacted. Among the poor, women are affected more than men because women have less access to resources required for climate change preparedness and adaptation. Women also have unequal participation in climate change adaptation decisions at the household, national and international levels. This inequality is compounded by the ‘unpaid’ triple tasks of women in the reproductive, productive and community fields that are often exacerbated during times of disasters such as droughts and famines. The objective of the study was to examine climate change gender differential impacts and adaptation strategies among farmers in Tharaka-Nithi County in Kenya.
Methods: Data were collected through a survey that covered 289 households.  A combination of purposive and systematic sampling techniques was used to select the respondents. Data were also collected through key informants’ interviews, focus group discussions and secondary sources. Data were entered in SPSS Version 20 and analyzed through descriptive statistics (percentages, chi-squared and means). This analysis was based on the Moser analytical framework which structures data into who has access what resources, who makes what decisions, and who does what activity in regard to (reproductive, productive, and community activities).
Results: The study found that women were affected by climate change more than men through increased burden of work and malnutrition. Results also revealed that men were more involved in climate change adaptation strategies such as soil conservation and tree planting because they had more access to land.
Conclusion: The study concludes that climate change impacts are not gender neutral. However, the impacts are disproportionate with women being affected more than men.
Recommendation: The study recommends a need to mainstream gender in climate change adaptation and mitigation endeavors in order to address the various inequalities. This can be done by incorporating a gender equity perspective in the process of designing climate change adaptation and mitigation policies, programmes, projects and activities.
Counterstatement
Authors: Chapman David W.
Published: May 2024

Responses to Elisabeth McPherson, “Remembering, Regretting, and Rejoicing” David W. Chapman, Joyce Magnotto, and Barbara Stout Reply Elisabeth McPherson Response to Lester Faigley, “Judging Writing, Judging Selves” Bruce Holland ReplyLester Faigley Response to James Hoetker and Gordon Brossell, “The Effects of Systematic Variations in Essay Topics on the Writing Performance of College Freshmen” Davida Charney Reply James Hoetker
Influence of Digital Marketing and Promotional Strategies in Shaping Brand Awareness on Consumer Purchasing Decisions: A Case in Indonesia
Authors: Adelia Tarisa , Devi Abrista , Kartika Tika
Published: May 2024

The development of the internet certainly does not only affect technology and information. With this progress, people can access the world digitally. The digital world will become an important point for all human activities, including business activities. The digital era offers marketers a new and efficient way. Digital marketing studies consumer behavior, products, brands, and services tailored to customer needs and wants. The use of an effective promotional strategy can be seen in the extent to which the brand of the product being marketed becomes top of mind in the minds of consumers and becomes a brand preference for consumers when they want to make a purchasing decision. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of digital marketing and promotional strategies in building brand awareness on purchasing decisions from an Islamic perspective. The sample used in this study was composed of 100 Senior High School student respondents in Bogor City using purposive sampling. This research methodology is quantitative, with multiple linear regression analysis techniques, and processed with SPSS AMOS 22. The results of this study are that digital marketing (X1) and promotion strategy (X2) have a direct and significant positive effect on the formation of the brand awareness (Z) variable of 58.3% and indirectly, the digital marketing variable (X1) and promotion strategy (X2) affect the purchasing decision variable (Y) through the brand awareness variable (Z) as an intervening variable with a value of 85.6%.
Global Trends in Sharia Audit Practice: An In-depth Bibliometric Exploration
Authors: Anas Anastasya Dinda Syaputri , Sigid Sigid Eko Pramono
Published: May 2024

The surge in publications focused on Sharia Audit Practice from 2011 to 2023 has been comprehensively explored through bibliometric analysis on the Dimension.ai platform. The research aims to identify prevalent topics and writing styles among authors in this sector. Using the search term "Sharia Audit Practice" on December 7, 2023, numerous contributions have significantly enhanced the field's research output. A prominent work, "Shariah Auditing: Analyzing the past to prepare for the future," delves into the current impact of Sharia Audit Practice. Noteworthy themes like "Sharia Governance," "Sharia Committee," and "Sharia Compliance" underscore its importance and prevalence in related discussions. The study showcases prolific authors and examines current trends, providing valuable insights for future academic and professional endeavors in this field. Recommendations include addressing awareness challenges, establishing supportive regulatory frameworks, and promoting sustainable research initiatives for the ongoing development of Sharia Audit Practice research.
Diálogo e experiência formativa na perspectiva da hermenêutica filosófica
Authors: Braun Claudio Damião , Muhl Eldon Henrique
Published: May 2024

Este artigo visa refletir sobre a efetividade pedagógica de uma práxis hermenêutica, tomando como referência a Hermenêutica Filosófica do filósofo alemão Hans-Georg Gadamer, no enfrentamento ao problema do enfraquecimento da ação dialógica na educação atual. A crescente incapacidade para o diálogo está levando a sociedade contemporânea a uma espécie de monólogo ou a um diálogo disfarçado que não cumpre as exigências do diálogo vivo, contribuindo para a desconstrução das interações humanas, dos valores sociais e do empobrecimento da experiência formativa dos indivíduos. Influenciada fortemente por uma tendência que privilegia a ação técnico-instrumental em detrimento da racionalidade dialógica, a educação atual tem interferido negativamente na formação das relações humanas, gerando o aumento da incapacidade para o desenvolvimento do “diálogo vivo” e da compreensão entre os indivíduos. Em confronto com essa tendência instrumentalizadora da racionalidade, contrapomos e defendemos a efetividade pedagógica de uma práxis hermenêutica que toma como princípio orientador o diálogo enquanto experiência formativa. A conclusão aponta que uma formação integral do ser humano exige, além do desenvolvimento da formação técnica, a formação para o diálogo e um exercício hermenêutico constante na educação.