bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Regional Analysis with the Delphi Method
Authors: Miller Mark M.
Published: March 2021

Delphi methodology has been employed since the 1950s in a wide range of fields and applications, typically as an alternative to quantitative modeling and analysis. Based on the author’s experience in urban planning and economic development applications, this technique can also appropriately and usefully serve as a complement to quantitative regional analysis. The appropriate application of Delphi methodology in this regard can address a number of important concerns in regional planning analysis, including how to effectively incorporate a qualitative dimension into quantitative data, how to most efficiently utilize scarce data collection and analysis resources, and how to turn data into “usable knowledge” for planning decision makers. In this way, Delphi methodology may provide an effective means of bridging the gap that commonly exists between regional planning analysis and its policy applications. Two case studies are provided, illustrating the practical application of this technique in a regional science context.
Stagnation, Decline, and Development: A Trip Through the Southern Countryside
Authors: Schaffer William A.
Published: March 2021

Based on the 1992 Fellow’s Address of the Southern Regional Science Association. This article takes a nostalgic tour through Georgia’s rural countryside, showing the effects of stagnation and decline. It then reviews the conditions for growth and development in the tradition of Schumpeter and Ricardo, their applicability to the rural South, and their implications for regional scientists.
Teaching Undergraduate Regional Economics
Authors: Blair John P. , Bolton Roger E. , Emerson M Jarvin , Giarratani Frank , Kurre James A. , Latham III William R.
Published: March 2021

At the 38th North American Meetings of the Regional Science Association International (RSAI) held in New Orleans in November 1991, a three-hour session was devoted to the teaching of regional economics. In this session, organized by James Kurre of Pennsylvania State University-Erie, eight individuals described “how” they teach the undergraduate regional economics course at their home institutions. Two panels were convened. In the first, John Blair, Roger Bolton, Jarvin Emerson, and Frank Giarratani described course structure and content. In the latter panel devoted to course projects, participants included Andrew Isserman, James Kurre, William Latham, and Karen Polenske. All of those participating in these presentations agreed that such an exchange of ideas was very beneficial and would likely be of interest to a larger audience than that attending the RSAI meetings. Given this potential interest, the editors asked the six participants who currently teach undergraduate regional economics within economics (as opposed to planning) departments to prepare short papers describing their courses for publication in the Review. Each author (teacher) was requested to comment upon: (1) the “goals” for his course, (2) the nature of the students in attendance, (3) the text employed as well as any supplementary reading material, (4) course content, and (5) any special projects or assignments. Although reading lists and other class material are not included in what follows,
A Historical Application of the Export-Base Model: Economic Impacts of an Indian Reservation
Authors: Harris Thomas R. , Narayanan Rangesan , Raffiee Kambiz , Qi Qingun
Published: March 2021

This study addresses the problem of backcasting an export-base multiplier where data for earlier time periods do not exist. A procedure is outlined to backcast an export-base multiplier when the calculated export-base multiplier, using existing data, is found to be statistically unstable. An application is developed to estimate cumulative employment impacts in Churchill County, Nevada, as a result of nonperformance of a contract for delivered water between the Bureau of Reclamation and the Fallon Indians. Employment export-base multipliers were backcasted to 1910.
Regional Variations in the Social Preference Function Between Inflation and Unemployment
Authors: Smyth David J. , Washburn Taylor Susan
Published: March 2021

In this paper we estimate presidential popularity functions for four regional subsets using a quadratic in inflation and unemployment. Popularity functions for the East, West, South, and Midwest are estimated by seemingly unrelated regressions using Gallup poll data for the Reagan administration. Through the use of a J-test, we establish that regional participants generally respond to national inflation and unemployment rates rather than regional macroeconomic statistics when assessing presidential performance. We also explore, through the use of a Wald test, differences in responses to macroeconomic fluctuations between the four regional groups. On the whole, we find surprising homogeneity in the preference functions across regions.
An Analysis of Economic and Noneconomic Factors Affecting Retail Sales Leakages
Authors: Yanagida John F. , Johnson Bruce B. , Young Joel , Lundeen Michael
Published: March 2021

This study develops an analytical framework for explaining both cross-sectional and intertemporal variations in the pull factors for retail sales. A reduced form equation derived from factors affecting the demand and supply of goods and services is used to explain changes in the pull factor measure. This pull factor equation is estimated for all agriculturally dependent counties and all counties in Nebraska for the years 1975, 1980 and 1985.
The Industry Composition of Production and the Distribution of Income by Race and Ethnicity in Miami
Authors: Cruz Robert David
Published: March 2021

This paper examines the empirical link between the growth of production in a central city and the distribution of income among its residents, by race and ethnicity, within an input-output modeling approach. The specific case of Miami, Florida is considered. This paper reviews the recent historical experience, which reveals considerable growth of employment in the central city at the same time that per capita income of city residents has declined. The decline in income has been particularly acute among black families. This discussion is followed by a presentation of the model and the estimation of model parameters. Income multipliers and their distributional effects are presented. The results show that in Miami, the present character of economic growth has few direct economic benefits for a large majority of the city’s residents.
Comparison of Regional Structures of Production: A Study in Development Strategy
Authors: Deman Suresh
Published: March 2021

Input-output techniques have acquired a pivotal place in the conversion specifications of objective functions and in the planning of structural relations of an economy. The synoptic intent of this work is to review various operational applications of regional intersectoral patterns of linkages and complementarities that may be useful in formulating an appropriate strategy for regional economic development. Input-output techniques are extensively used for this purpose. There does not exist any fool proof strategy for formulating regional development strategy. One view is that the “leading sectors” are identified on the basis of interindustry linkages and essential resources as production proceeds in the use of inputs. This assumes a reasonable expectation that the relevant output can be sold within these sectors. The other view studies structural changes in the process of economic growth on the basis of linkages. This can be accomplished by comparing the scale as well as the ranking of sectors between groups of regions based on interindustry linkages. On this basis one could test Hirschman’s unbalanced growth hypothesis that high priority be given to the sectors which have high linkages and low priority to others. However, Yutopoulos and Nugent’s (1973) studies do not find much support in favor of Hirschman’s perspective. There is an alternative hypothesis which regards regional development as the change induced by natural resource oriented and export-base industries. Such industries are located on the basis of transport, technological and resource cost advantages of a specific region over the others. Therefore, identifying regional trade flows for studying cost disadvantages of natural resource oriented industries is very important Similarly, changes in demand outside the region, natural resource position, changes in technology and relative costs of factor inputs, etc., should be tackled directly for evolving any regional development strategy rather than basing decisions on the size and pattern of linkages.
Drugs, Tsars and Economic Development
Authors: Rasmussen David W.
Published: March 2021

It seems that America names a Tsar whenever we decide to focus on a policy problem, as though that title is associated with effective policies which are well administered. The appointment of a drug Tsar, the implicit policies that are associated with the War on Drugs, and the political environment that spawned these policy initiatives yield an interesting story about misguided public policy dominated by unintended secondary effects. Drug policy reveals much about the paralysis of public policy in contemporary America and, more specifically to our purpose here, suggests why it is so difficult to generate a serious local or regional development policy. It also suggests important directions for future research.
Localization Economies in the Theme Park Industry
Authors: Braun Bradley M. , Milman Ady
Published: March 2021

Central Florida boasts one of the largest concentrations of theme parks in the world. Disney World, the industry’s dominant firm, has the two largest theme parks (EPCOT Center and Magic Kingdom), each drawing over 80% of all Central Florida tourists who visit at least one theme park (Florida Division of Tourism, 1987). However, within a 70 mile radius of the Disney theme parks, there are over 20 additional parks. Table 1 shows the percentage of tourists who visit each of the area’s eight largest parks. The purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis that unit savings costs that accrue to customers through the decrease in the real costs of time and travel is an important factor in explaining agglomeration of the industry.
A Study of the Distribution of Land Assets and the Level of Productivity in India: Regional Analysis
Authors: Deman Suresh
Published: March 2021

The objective of this note is to conduct a regional study of inequalities in the ownership of land assets among the households and the productivity levels in rural communities in India. The renewed interest in India’s problems of economic growth and distribution has been necessitated by the sequence of events that have taken place since the sixties. The study is based on a survey conducted by the Reserve Bank of India; entitled All India Survey of Rural Credit and Investment, 1971-72.
The Product Cycle and High Technology Industry in Nonmetropolitan Areas, 1976-1980
Authors: Miller James P.
Published: March 2021

This report examines the degree and manner in which nonmetropolitan areas are participating in the burgeoning national expansion of high technology industries. It focuses on the locational orientation and ownership distribution of employment created by new business establishments during 1976-80. The argument of the report is simple. It reduces to the proposition, derived from product cycle theory, that relatively few high-tech, manufacturing establishments locate in nonmetropolitan areas and that those that do generally are routine assembly operations owned and controlled by corporations headquartered in other regions.
The Political Economy of Growth Management in Oregon: A Historical Review
Authors: Knaap Gerrit J.
Published: March 2021

This paper explores the political economy of statewide growth management in Oregon. The paper addresses the following issues: 1) What were the political forces in Oregon that produced a statewide effort to manage and control growth? 2) How has the Oregon system of growth management evolved over time and 3) Does the political support for a mature growth management system differ from the political support that fostered its birth? An analysis of these issues offers insights not only into the political economy of growth management in Oregon, but also into the existing and perhaps the future of growth management systems elsewhere.
Regional Differences in Labor Demand in The United States
Authors: Fichtenbaum Rudy , Blair John P.
Published: March 2021

In the first section, a brief theoretical framework for analyzing the demand for labor is presented. In Section II, this framework is used to develop a model that is well suited to analyze interregional differences in the elasticity of demand for labor. In Section III, the data are discussed and empirical estimates of the model are presented. Finally, the article concludes with a discussion of some policy implications of the findings.
An Alternative Index for Quality of Life in Urban Areas
Authors: Nissan Edward
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide an alternative procedure for ranking metropolitan areas. The computation utilizes the concept of Euclidean distance. This method allows differences and similarities to be expressed as n-dimensional distances from a composite ideal, where the ideal is chosen as the best score for each factor. The Boyer and Savageau index is computed by adding the ordinal rankings of the various factors to obtain an average. Pierce (1985) and Norris and Norris (1986) fault the ratings on the ground that such a procedure may produce a measure that is not reliable for comparisons. For example, a ranking of 1 for a specific factor in an area does not mean that the area is ten times as good as an area that is ranked 10 for the same factor. The distance measure, however, provides an absolute yardstick, and hence preserves the magnitude of the differences. This property allows classifications and comparisons of the areas to be based on accepted statistical considerations.
Regional Earning Patterns: Note
Authors: Nissan Edward
Published: March 2021

A noticeable feature of the U.S. economy in recent years has been the shift in employment and population among regions. The underlying causes may be attributed to many factors operating individually or in combination. These factors include changes in demand for certain manufacturing and agricultural products, energy resources, and services, in domestic as well as international markets. The introduction of new technologies tends to favor location of economic activity in some regions rather than in others. Furthermore, government expenditures and taxes have differential regional impacts. These changes influence the reallocation of employment and population, and of total regional income and earnings. A booming region registers a higher growth in earning than an economically stagnant region (Gamick 1984, 1985, 1986). Gamick was concerned with the differentials in growth rates of population, total income and earnings in MSA and nonMSA that typify urbanized and less-urbanized regions. The time period of his study 1959 to 1984, was disaggregated into three segments- 1959-69, 1969-79, and 1979-84. The purpose of this study is to present a supplementary examination of the findings of Garnick using a portion of his 1986 data. The concern here, however, pertains to regional differentials in total income and earnings in MSA areas across the three time segments and four city sizes.
Seeing to It that the Subject of the Science Is the Subject of Its Practice: Toward a Theory of the Outcome of an Economic System’s Working
Authors: Vining Rutledge
Published: March 2021

The history of economics has long been marked by active controversy respecting what the scientific subject is. The primary subject of the practice is what it ever has been: that immense physical reality whose observed state is subject to being aberrant; and those oft-cited mechanisms that are said to be working well or else not. A certain technical competence is required for even identifying and comprehending what they actually are in fact. And the science of economics has somehow come to be not altogether and foursquarely on the track-to the extent that, apart from certain offerings in Centers of Population Studies and Departments of Regional Science, the basic subject of the practice is virtually missing from the subjects treated in the science.
Manufacturing Location: The Impact of Human Capital Stocks and Flows
Authors: McNamara Kevin T. , Kriesel Warren P. , Deaton Brady J.
Published: March 2021

National attention has been focused on the importance of education to rural economic development by several recent studies. Manufacturing location and employment growth studies, however, have presented conflicting evidence about the relationship between human capital and local economic development. While insight into this relationship holds important education policy implications for all levels of government, it is particularly critical for rural governments as rural communities attempt to stabilize and strengthen their economic bases. This paper reports the results of a manufacturing firm location study that incorporated measures for both human capital stocks and flows into a statistical model of community attributes that were hypothesized to influence firm location decisions. The results indicate the complexity of evaluating the impact of human capital investment on local or regional economic growth. Given the significance of the human factors to the location decisions of firms, it is surprising that so little attention has been given to these issues.
Identification of Local Capital Markets for Policy Research
Authors: Rogers Glenn , Shaffer Ron , Pulver Glen
Published: March 2021

This paper reports the results of a study seeking to identify appropriate geographic units of analysis for research on bank credit for small rural non-farm businesses. Establishment of many rural banks in a historical period of local transportation modes, trade patterns, and state regulatory jurisdiction has left an institutional legacy of geographically small rural bank markets. Availability of secondary data at the state and county level, together with this historical legacy, have led in the past to adoption of county boundaries rather than a service area, as boundaries of local rural credit markets. Frequently this assumption of counties as appropriate units of analysis is not based on observed market patterns. The study being reported addresses the research question of whether local geographic credit markets are better approximated by county boundaries or by the subcounty community units of analysis which lenders reported as their market. Data on 1986 lender portfolio distribution, lending experience and market growth are collected from personal interviews of all formal lenders in four Wisconsin rural counties.
The Evaluation of Residential Living Space
Authors: Rasmussen David W. , Zuehlke Thomas W.
Published: March 2021

In this paper we compare alternative specifications of the semi-log hedonic regression for a specific market area. We find that the most common specification employing floor area and number of rooms, as well as one that includes average room size, may be misspecified. Further, a straightforward alternative specification is shown to avoid the specification error problem and improve modestly the predictive power of the regression.
A Composite Manufacturing Growth Index: 1954-1978
Authors: Nissan Edward , Caveny Regina
Published: March 2021

In recent years, there has been a growing interest by economists in manufacturing productivity trends in the United States. The purpose of this paper is to construct a composite productivity index using data for the three growth factors - capital, labor and technological change - in order to rank the states, and consequently the regions. Composite index values are of general interest because they allow comparison based on more than one criterion variable simultaneously.
Income Inequality and Urban-Rural Migration
Authors: Slottje D.J. , Hayes K.J.
Published: March 2021

Between 1970 and 1980, rural areas in the Northeast and North Central regions as defined by the Bureau of the Census have had population growth at a rate higher than the urban areas in those regions. The reverse has been true for the West and South regions. The purpose of this paper is to examine some of the consequences of the migration trends from 1970 to 1980, focusing on the relationship of income inequality within a state with population shifts within and across states.
A Fiscal Impact Model for Virginia Counties
Authors: Swallow Brent M. , Johnson Thomas G.
Published: March 2021

While a few good cross-country economic impact models have been developed, these models do not transfer well from one state to another because of differences in institutions. For these reasons, this analysis develops an impact model for Virginia counties. While no more transferable, we incorporate Virginia’s numerous institutional oddities. This paper reports on the fiscal block of the model because it represents a significant departure from the fiscal components of many other models.
Impacts of Banking Deregulation on Rural Capital Markets: Evidence from Virginia and Tennessee
Authors: Morentz Markley Deborah
Published: March 2021

Previous research suggests that the impact of deregulation will vary among different rural areas. This suggests that deregulation will not lead to an outflow of funds from all rural to urban areas, but that some more depressed rural areas may have reduced capital availability. However, it remains to be determined whether reduced capital availability in these areas actually results in a shortage of capital relative to demand.
The Influence of Urban Areas on Regional Development
Authors: Amos, Jr. Orley M.
Published: March 2021

The theoretical relationship between urban areas and development of the surrounding region have been well established. This paper seeks to specify and test for this relationship in the United States.
Demand for Natural Gas by Households at the State Level: Twenty Years of Effort
Authors: Herbert John H.
Published: March 2021

Several innovations are presented in this paper. An economic model, based on the Balestra and Nerlove (B&N) formulation, is specified. This new model does not require the use of a surrogate (lagged dependent) variable to represent the relative fixity of the capital equipment stock. A more general and informative statistical model is estimated, and the effect on gas demand of tax credits for energy investments is considered for the first time here. Data issues are also examined in greater detail.
The Impact of Oil Price Fluctuations on the Economies of Energy Producing States
Authors: Hunt Gary L.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to identify several of the key channels through which oil price fluctuations affect the economies of energy producing states and to estimate the size of these effects for several selected states. These estimates are used to assess the role of fluctuating oil prices in the selected states’ recent economic performance and to provide an indication of near-term future trends.
The Economic Effects of Levying a Harbor User Charge on Waterborne Commerce
Authors: Trozzo Charles L. , Davis H. Craig
Published: March 2021

To the extent that any U.S. waterborne commerce would be affected by a user charge, the impacts created by such a charge would extend well beyond the change in the quantities of the goods moving through U.S. ports. The objective of this paper is to investigate the range and magnitude of these impacts. Toward this end, the analysis focuses on the changes that might have occurred in 1979 had the federal government then instituted a nationwide uniform charge of $0.25 per ton on cargo.
Sales Versus Income Taxes: The Issues of Adequacy in Tennessee
Authors: Bohm Robert A. , Carter Samuel R.
Published: March 2021

This study evaluates the adequacy of the Tennessee tax system. For Tennessee, this problem is essentially a study of the state sales and use tax, as this tax dominates the state revenue system.
Changing Socio-Economic Conditions and the Need for New Development Policies in the South
Authors: Mulkey David
Published: March 2021

This paper will briefly review trends in population and employment growth in the South at the regional and state level and compare these trends to the U.S. as a whole. After this review the paper will look in more detail at factors underlying the growth of manufacturing employment in the central states of the South and discuss one area where a new development strategy or set of strategies appears necessary.
State Economic Development Policy and the Political Process
Authors: Laurent Eugene A. , Miley, Jr. Harry W.
Published: March 2021

All fifty states have some type of office or agency whose primary responsibility is promoting economic development. Although titles and responsibilities may vary, the agencies share one primary goal: to foster the growth and development of their state’s economy. Generally the agency directly responsible for industrial development is also responsible for economic development.
The Puerto Rico Revenue Projection Model: An Econometric Approach
Authors: Newton John R. , Sepulveda Victor
Published: March 2021

With the increasing demands of credit markets for believable estimates, especially during periods of unstable fiscal climates, many jurisdictions have seen the need for a more reliable and consistent means of projecting revenues and preparing budgets. In response to this need, the Puerto Rico Treasury has developed a new set of econometric equations to predict aggregate revenues by sources. These equations form part of a larger model of the Puerto Rican economy. This paper presents the proposed forms of the tax equations, the statistical results of estimating them, and projections made using them.
Quantification of Uncertainty in Spatial Microeconomics
Authors: Carter George H.
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a measure for quantifying uncertainty so that industry identification and entrepreneurial rewards can be given empirical content. One consequence of our new tool is that planners, regulators and economic researchers could possess a precise measure for the most indefinite of costs, profit. What is fair or excessive return in a world involving prices and market shares at different points is thereby determinable.
Industrial Location in the Tennessee-Tombigbee Corridor
Authors: Bohm Robert A. , Herzog, Jr. Henry W. , Schlottmann Alan M.
Published: March 2021

Our objective is to identify manufacturing industries for which the corridor possesses a high degree of locational advantage as a future production site.
Fuel Alcohol Plant Location in the Philippines
Authors: Divinagracia Louie A. , Babcock Michael W.
Published: March 2021

The objective of this paper is to present a case study of applied location economics-the optimal location of fuel alcohol plants in the Philippines.
Regional Science and Applied Demography: Ever the Twain Should Meet
Authors: Serow William J.
Published: March 2021

Regional science and demography are disciplines which seem to me to have much in common. By their nature and evolution, both are “interdisciplinary” in the sense that the term is usually employed, but tend to be associated in the main, rightly or wrongly, with one of the “traditional” social science disciplines-economics most probably in the case of regional science and sociology most probably in the case of demography.
The Sensitivity of Regional Income Variation to Cyclical Economic Fluctuations
Authors: Amos, Jr. Orley M.
Published: March 2021

If the economy experiences a “spurt” of growth, this could benefit the most developed areas greater, leading to greater variation between regions. On the other hand, if the lesser developed areas within the country receive the benefits of the short run growth, this would tend to reduce variation. This study seeks to identify which relationship, if any, exists between regional income variation and cyclical economic fluctuations.
A Presentation and Comparison of Three Computer Models Developed to Model the Social and Economic Impacts of Rural Community Growth
Authors: Woods Mike D. , Doeksen Gerald A. , Jones Lonnie L.
Published: March 2021

Impact models are tools developed by economists, sociologists and other scientists to assist communities in anticipating growth and decline. The objectives of this paper are to present three impact models developed for use in community decision-making, and analyze the models in terms of methodology, application, appropriate use, and other relevant issues related to model development.
A Sensitivity Analysis of Rural Commuting Patterns: An Occupational Comparison
Authors: Hoffman Colette M. , Beck Roger J.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to present a procedure for estimating the responsiveness of potential women labor force participants to actual job holding at alternative locations. The procedure incorporates a work trip distribution technique and a variation of the gravity model in developing a weighted measure of alternative job opportunities across space. This measure, termed geographic access to employment opportunities, is used as an independent variable in estimating actual participation in the labor market for two occupational categories for women residing in Burlington County, New Jersey.
Regional Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the Southeast with Conversion to Trees: An Application of Input-Output Analysis
Authors: Broomhall David , Johnson Thomas G.
Published: March 2021

The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) was designed to both conserve soil and increase farm income. Soil erosion would be reduced by a reduction in the intensity of land use. Farm income would be increased by reducing the number of acres in production, which would decrease the supply of agricultural commodities, thus raising prices and farm income. While the CRP has been justified on these two goals alone, it is nevertheless important that local decision-makers understand the impact of the program on their local economies. The CRP can also have a significant impact on rural communities. A decline in farm acreage causes a decline in spending for agricultural inputs and may cause a decline in consumer spending due to reduced farm profits. Communities in primarily agricultural areas are especially vulnerable to CRP-induced reductions in economic activity. The purpose of this paper is to address the impact of the CRP on the local economy of a region dependent upon agriculture. The analysis emphasizes the impact of the CRP in a region that is being converted almost exclusively to trees. A regional input-output model is employed to evaluate these impacts.
The European Monetary System: An Economic Approach to Regional Economic Integration
Authors: Schaal Peter
Published: March 2021

The European Monetary System was meant to create a stable currency and a powerful monetary bloc in the world to contribute to the stabilization of the world monetary system. This article examines how realistic these targets are and to what extent the development of exchange rates in the European Monetary System during its two and a half years of existence were compatible with them.
Evaluating the Distributional Consequences of Local Service Delivery Systems: An Alternative Perspective
Authors: McDougall Gerald
Published: March 2021

Local governments directly or indirectly provide a menu of services to achieve desirable social or environmental conditions. Local service delivery systems are complex because they involved embedded processes. The complexity of the service delivery system has fostered confusion among interested economists, policy analysists, and political scientists about what should be done when evaluating the equity of service delivery. This paper discusses and develops the rationale and alternative empirical basis for evaluating equity of service delivery in terms of service outcome, using an ex ante equity norm based on citizen evaluations.
Spatial Diffusion Aspects of Marketing Strategies
Authors: Brown Marilyn A.
Published: March 2021

This paper examines the impact of marketing strategies upon spatial patterns of innovative diffusion. Thus, it emphasizes and elaborates upon the role of public and private agencies which employe various mechanisms to enable and induce adoption of innovations. The paper does not examine the psychological variables which interface between selling an innovation and the ultimate purchase of it.
The Southeast’s Energy Prospects: A Realistic Approach
Authors: Honea R.B.
Published: March 2021

Over the past several years, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory has been increasingly involved with research focusing on the energy problems in the United States. The focus of this paper is on the energy utilization prospects in the Southeast. Six topical areas are covered and discussed regarding the issues and possible solutions to these problems.
Subregional Income Differentials: A Study of the Tennessee Valley Region
Authors: Garrison Charles B. , Chang Hui S.
Published: March 2021

Regional variations in per capita incomes have declined over time in the US. But income differentials may persist at smaller levels of geography, especially among small geographic areas with a major regional division. This paper investigates the causes of income differentials, the extent of income convergence, and the causes of such convergence among small areas in the Tennessee Valley region.
The Future isn’t What it Used to Be
Authors: Dunn, Jr. Edgar S.
Published: March 2021

This Fellow address discusses the history and evolution of the region-urban system. It discusses the changes we have seen over the past several decades, as well as discussing what has caused these changes. The address also includes a discussion of how ongoing advances, specifically in communication and transport technologies, will be important for future urban systems.
A Note on the Determinants of Geographic Cost-of-Living Differentials: The Case of Canada
Authors: Ostrosky Anthony
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this note is to ascertain the determinants of geographic living-cost differentials in Canada. The analysis focuses upon living-cost differentials among Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) in Canada in 1976. The model estimated is an adaption of Cebula’s (1980) model.
A Use of the Gravity Model to Estimate the Residential Distribution of New Workers at a Large Nuclear Energy Center
Authors: Ersenkal Caryl R. , Dillman B.L.
Published: March 2021

In order to accurately assess the impact of a very large infusion of economic activity on levels of employment and income, it is necessary to determine the extent of the area from which the work force will be drawn. This paper involves one aspect of a larger study of total socio-economic impacts. It attempts to develop a model to determine the subareas from which the construction work force will be drawn and the areas in which new construction workers will locate.
The Impact of Alternative Poverty Definitions on the Interstate Allocation of Federal Funds
Authors: Stephenson Jr. Stanley P.
Published: March 2021

For more than a decade the federal government has used poverty counts in allocating federal funds to States for ultimate use by the poor. Several different poverty concepts are currently used in determining the amount of federal funds received by each state. A main point to the analysis here is that adverse distributional effects exist in several federal antipoverty fund disbursement schemes: States with high family income averages receive relatively more cash transfers than low income States.
A Modeling Technique for Rural Economies
Authors: Barone Robert N.
Published: March 2021

Over the past 20 years, concerns have grown over the impacts of industrial and economic development on the quality of human life. Every major project must now include an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), which has created a growing industry to create these statements. The objective of this paper is to propose an appropriate methodology for the socioeconomic impact of EIS.
SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRUM OF DIFFERENT COLORS OF HAIR
Authors: ცხვედიანი ნ. Tskhvediani N. , ციბაძე ა. Tsibadze A. , ჩიკვაიძე ე. Chikvaidze E. , კვაჭაძე ი. Kvachadze I. , ხუციშვილი ლ. Khutsishvili L.
Published: March 2021

In the result of  interaction of  the metabolic processes of the human organism and external factors free radicals are formed  in tissues including hair. An objective assessment of an intensity of this process is possible by means of electronic  paramagnetic resonance’s (EPR) signal and its intensity indices. The purpose of the survey was a comparative evaluation of the EPR spectrum’s specificity of black and brown hair and a study of a photo dynamic in the condition of a treating with blue light. The survey was conducted among young volunteers  of age 17-21  on the base of their informed consent and with adherence of all bioethical requirements established for this type of research. No single person’s hair  involved  in the survey  was treated with chemical dye or active, specific remedy for hair care. This article analyzes data of  young men donors. All measurements were carried out at standard conditions: room temperature (22-240C), humidity - 60-70%, the measurement error - ± 5%. EPR spectrum was determined at the Department of Biophysics,TSU by means of a radio-spectrometer TSR - V. Study  results have determined a uniform EPR spectrum and no difference in the intensity of the photoinduced EPR spectrum that indicates  the equal concentrations of eumelanin in black and brown hair.
ANALYSIS OF METABOLITES OF SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS JWH-018 AND JWH-073 BY CHROMATOGRAPHYMASS-SPECTROMETRIC (LC-MS/MS)METHOD IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS
Authors: ჯოხაძე მ. Jokhadze M. , თუშურაშვილი პ. Tushurashvili P. , მურთაზაშვილი თ. Murtazashvili T. , იმნაძე ნ. Imnadze N. , სივსივაძე კ. Sivsivadze K.
Published: March 2021

A liquid chromatographic method was developed to resolve a comprehensive set of metabolites of JWH-018 and JWH-073. In addition to the chromatographic analysis method, an extraction method was developed to recover a broad range  of synthetic cannabinoid metabolites, including carboxylic acid metabolites that are not traditionally recovered using a high pH liquid/liquid extraction. The extraction and analysis methods were used to identify and quantify the significant metabolites in urine samples. The chromatographic method detailed in this application note employed a RP-HPLC column and MS/MS detection. The quantitative range validated for all metabolites was 1 ng/mL to 500 ng/mL in urine.  Based on the data, this method is suitable for quantifica- tion of metabolites of JWH-018 and JWH-073 to support broader research studies that positively identify clinically significant metabolites and their concentrations in urine.
Transporte de oxígeno por plantas macrófitas en aguas residuales de origen acuícola
Authors: Medina Cristóbal , Tunnerman Ernesto , Coleman Eli , Fonseca Kenneth
Published: March 2021

Las macrófitas transportan oxigeno atmosférico a la rizosfera creando un ambiente aireados para los miroorganismos que contribuyen a la disminución de la demanda biológica de oxígeno, demanda química de oxígenos y sólidos suspendido, así como en la remoción de sustancias orgánicas como nutrientes, metales pesados, fenoles, ácido fórmico, colorantes, pesticidas entre otros. Esta investigación pretende evaluar a nivel de laboratorio el mejoramiento de la calidad de aguas residuales utilizando plantas acuáticas de jacinto (Eichhornia crassipes) y lechuga de agua (Pistia stratiotes). Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: plantas con barrera, plantas sin barrera, sin plantas con barrera y sin plantas sin barreras. El análisis de varianza al contenido de oxígeno disuelto en aguas residuales mostró diferencia significativa (p < 0.05) entre especies y tratamiento. Jacinto presenta valores promedios de 2.60 a 5.08 mg l-l en un periodo de nueve días de observación, asimismo el tratamiento sin barrera muestra mayor valor en un rango de 2.7 a 4.85 mg l-l. Con lechuga de agua se observan mayores valores en el tratamiento sin barrera (2.27 a 4.81 mg l-l) y con barrera (1.24 a 1.53 mg l-l). Jacinto con barrera y sin barrera presenta valores de oxígeno disuelto transferido entre 0.46 y 0.45 mg O2 d-1 l-1 respectivamente. Jacinto sin barrera removió en aguas residuales el 20.23 % de la demanda biológica de oxígeno y con berrera el 19 % al final del noveno día de observación. El tratamiento sin plantas sin barrera removió un promedio de 63 %, de la demanda biológica de oxígeno, mientras el tratamiento sin plantas con barrera fue de 42 %. Jacinto sin barrera mostró mayor promedio de peso de biomasa seca total (6.06 g) y concentración de oxígeno disuelto (3.63 – 5.34 mg l-l) lechuga de agua sin barrera (3.20 g) y oxígeno disuelto (1.7-4.81 mg l-l).
Concepción didáctica de aula invertida para la formación profesional de los trabajadores
Authors: Alonso Betancourt Luis Aníbal , Cruz Cabezas Miguel Alejandro , Parente Pérez Eliset , Del Cerro Campano Yanett
Published: March 2021

Se presenta una concepción didáctica del aula invertida para la formación profesional de los trabajadores. Esta propone conceptos de formación profesional en aulas invertidas, sus premisas, el principio de transferibilidad profesional y el método alternativo e interactivo de apropiación de contenido profesionalizado basado en proyectos, que integran a la modalidad presencial con la modalidad virtual, basada en el vínculo entre lo académico, lo laboral e investigativo. Se fundamenta en los principios de la pedagogía profesional, la educación a distancia y la relación entre instrucción, educación y crecimiento profesional. Se utilizan los métodos de revisión de documentos, el enfoque del sistema, la observación directa en el terreno, el pre-experimento pedagógico y la prueba estadística Chi-cuadrado (X2). Los impactos favorables en el desarrollo de competencias profesionales se observaron en una muestra de 100 estudiantes universitarios de Holguín, Cuba, con la aplicación del resultado. Se puede generalizar en cualquier centro de formación de trabajadores con flexibilidad y adaptabilidad a las características de estas entidades.
Structure and Morphology Properties of Nanoparticle Hematite Pigment from Lathe Waste
Authors: Khoiroh Lilik Miftahul , Sholekah Asmaul Dwi Ayu , Yulianti Eny
Published: March 2021

Hematite coated PEG was synthesized by the sonication-calcination method. A variation of Na2CO3 is investigated to know the effect on structure and morphology. Characterization of samples are using X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, and color reader techniques. XRF data showed that iron is the highest element in the precursor. The X-ray diffraction data confirm that Fe(OH)3, α-FeOOH, and Fe3O4 established at the sonication stage are then transformed into the α-Fe2O3 phase after calcination. The X-ray diffraction data also was found that α-Fe2O3 at 0.5 M formed with the highest crystallinity degree. The scanning electron microscopy showed that the particle's shape is spherical, bar-shaped, and aggregate. However, the distribution of particles is not uniform and still displays agglomeration. The Color reader shows the highest degree of lightness obtained is at 1 M variation.
Business Intelligence + Lean Manufacturing: uma revisão sistemática da literatura (2008-2018)
Authors: Mastrapa Lorena Hernández , Pontes de Assumpção Maria Rita , Celso de Campos Fernando
Published: March 2021

Lean Manufacturing (LM) é uma filosofia de gestão apoiada por um grupo de técnicas que, quando combinadas e amadurecidas, reduzem o tempo e o custo de produção, maximizam o valor ao cliente e minimiza desperdícios. Para isto a tomada de decisão desempenha um papel fundamental e se torna um ponto crítico para esta filosofia de gestão. A ferramenta Business Intelligence (BI) fornece uma abordagem baseada em dados para vincular as metas estratégicas das empresas às políticas gerenciais e ações operacionais, podendo ser de ajuda para as empresas enxutas. Assim, o presente estudo pretende analisar as principais aplicações das ferramentas de BI para dar suporte à tomada de decisão às empresas que aplicam LM. Com apoio do software de revisão sistemática StArt, foi feita uma análise da literatura atual relacionada ao tema de pesquisa. A análise permitiu definir oportunidades de aplicação de BI nas empresas que, de alguma forma, utilizam o LM.
Gestão da força de trabalho e planejamento de férias: um estudo de caso em agências bancárias
Authors: Bonelli Junior Marco Antonio , Lima André Luiz Barbosa , Martins Alexandre Xavier
Published: March 2021

O problema da alocação de férias e força de trabalho tem sido um campo amplo para a realização de pesquisas em gestão e pesquisa operacional. No entanto, embora seja um problema comum e conhecido, encontrar boas soluções costuma ser uma tarefa difícil dada a sua característica combinatória, tornando ainda mais difícil encontrar a solução ótima para minimizar custos, adequar o planejamento às preferências dos trabalhadores, distribuir turnos igualmente e atender às restrições de mão de obra. Este artigo aborda o problema de alocação de férias e força de trabalho considerando um cenário do setor bancário, desenvolvendo uma abordagem de solução baseada em procedimentos heurísticos e programação linear inteira mista. Como resultado, a abordagem proposta foi capaz de gerar uma matriz de cobertura e alocação para os trabalhadores e identificar deficiências na capacidade de cobertura de férias da empresa.
Gestão de estoques e sua influência no desempenho financeiro: uma análise em empresas de manufatura
Authors: Cotomácio André Carrara , Meirelles Jorge Luis Faria , Rossetti Nara
Published: March 2021

O presente estudo avaliou como a manutenção dos níveis de estoque podem afetar a lucratividade, rentabilidade e o desempenho das ações na maximização da riqueza do acionista. Para tanto, foram feitas regressões de dados em painel a partir de dados financeiros de empresas que representam o setor de manufatura brasileiro, listadas no Índice do Setor Industrial (INDX) da BMFBOVESPA (http://www.b3.com.br/pt_br/market-data-e-indices/indices/indices-de-segmentos-e-setoriais/indice-do-setor-industrial-indx.htm, recuperado em 23, Agosto, 2019). Os resultados apontam que a confirmação ou refutação dessa hipótese variam conforme a métrica financeira e de gestão de estoque utilizadas, respectivamente, como variáveis dependentes e independentes. Outro resultado observado é que a criação de valor ao acionista sofre maior influência ou é capaz de isolar melhor o efeito de uma correta gestão de estoques, se comparada a métricas de lucratividade e de rentabilidade, somente quando atrelada aos indicadores de estoques de matéria prima e de produtos acabados.