bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Battling Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) as both a Clinician and Scientist
Authors: Khorvash Reza , Upadhyaya Ram
Published: April 2021

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by the accumulation of immature hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow that impair normal blood formation. Chemotherapy is always the first treatment option for AML. Patients can also be cured by allogeneic stem cell transplantation, which consists of transferring stem cells from a healthy donor to the patient after high-intensity (high-dose) chemotherapy. Many mutations found in AML affect the cells on an epigenetic level, influencing the gene expression of the cells such as influencing DNA-methylation genes and chromatin-modifying genes. Affecting these epigenetic mechanisms is therefore of great interest in the area of AML.
COVID-19
Authors: El-Sayes Youssef
Published: April 2021

A new strain of coronavirus termed 2019-nCoV or 2019 new coronavirus was discovered in December 2019 and initiated in Wuhan, Hubei province, China1. The virus has infected over 75,000 individuals as of February 20202.
COVID-19 vs. History’s Pandemics
Authors: Lam Angelina
Published: April 2021

The spread of a new virus has caused a worldwide effort to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Humans, however, have experienced many viral outbreaks in the past. Historical data can help inform current analyses and decisions. Thus, this infographic compares COVID-19 with past pandemics and outbreaks to showcase similarities and differences. This can allow for a better understanding of COVID-19 in the context of past events and changing perspectives.
Anthropogenic heathlands: disturbance ecologies and the social organisation of past super-resilient landscapes
Authors: Løvschal Mette
Published: April 2021

Focusing on the North European heathlands, this project investigates how self-organised communities in the past established large-scale grazing regimes. By considering changes in their particular forms of disturbance, exhaustion, autonomy and collaboration, the author envisages a new archaeology of emergent multispecies entanglements across a deep-time scale.
Internal Erosion of a 0–5 mm Crushed Sand in a Rigid Wall-Permeameter: Experimental Methods and Results
Authors: Molina-Gomez Ana-Maria , Chapuis Robert P.
Published: April 2021

The article deals with internal erosion in 0–5 mm crushed sand, a material used in urban facilities. Several methods, designed for natural materials, predicted a risk of internal erosion for the crushed sand. The real risk was evaluated in clear-wall, watertight and airtight, rigid-wall permeameters with lateral piezometers. Each test started with a fully saturated specimen, verified by a mass-and-volume method. In their initial condition, the specimens were homogeneous, as directly confirmed by three methods. Each erosion test included successive seepage steps at a constant mean gradient. Migration of fine particles was observed through the clear wall. Dyed water colored three or four preferential seepage paths inside the specimen, not along the wall, confirming that the preparation method was correct. The predictive methods correctly forecast the size of mobile particles but overestimated the gradient that triggered the internal erosion process. The tests were the first ones to include nonreactive tracer tests, which gave the effective porosity value at different gradient steps. This value decreased with internal erosion, a novel result, which quantified the fact that more seepage concentrated in preferential seepage paths. Nonreactive tracer tests can thus be used to quantify the formation of preferential seepage paths.
Reciprocal Lateral Hypothalamic and Raphe GABAergic Projections Promote Wakefulness
Authors: Gazea Mary , Furdan Szabina , Sere Péter , Oesch Lukas , Molnár Benedek , Di Giovanni Giuseppe , Fenno Lief E. , Ramakrishnan Charu , Mattis Joanna , Deisseroth Karl , Dymecki Susan M. , Adamantidis Antoine R. , Lőrincz Magor L.
Published: April 2021

The lateral hypothalamus (LH), together with multiple neuromodulatory systems of the brain, such as the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), is implicated in arousal, yet interactions between these systems are just beginning to be explored. Using a combination of viral tracing, circuit mapping, electrophysiological recordings from identified neurons, and combinatorial optogenetics in mice, we show that GABAergic neurons in the LH selectively inhibit GABAergic neurons in the DR, resulting in increased firing of a substantial fraction of its neurons that ultimately promotes arousal. These DRGABAneurons are wake active and project to multiple brain areas involved in the control of arousal, including the LH, where their specific activation potently influences local network activity leading to arousal from sleep. Our results show how mutual inhibitory projections between the LH and the DR promote wakefulness and suggest a complex arousal control by intimate interactions between long-range connections and local circuit dynamics.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT:Multiple brain systems including the lateral hypothalamus and raphe serotonergic system are involved in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle, yet the interaction between these systems have remained elusive. Here we show that mutual disinhibition mediated by long range inhibitory projections between these brain areas can promote wakefulness. The main importance of this work relies in revealing the interaction between a brain area involved in autonomic regulation and another in controlling higher brain functions including reward, patience, mood and sensory coding.
Early Life Nociception is Influenced by Peripheral Growth Hormone Signaling
Authors: Dourson Adam J. , Ford Zachary K. , Green Kathryn J. , McCrossan Carolyn E. , Hofmann Megan C. , Hudgins Renita C. , Jankowski Michael P.
Published: April 2021

A number of cellular systems work in concert to modulate nociceptive processing in the periphery, but the mechanisms that regulate neonatal nociception may be distinct compared with adults. Our previous work indicated a relationship between neonatal hypersensitivity and growth hormone (GH) signaling. Here, we explored the peripheral mechanisms by which GH modulated neonatal nociception under normal and injury conditions (incision) in male and female mice. We found that GH receptor (GHr) signaling in primary afferents maintains a tonic inhibition of peripheral hypersensitivity. After injury, a macrophage dependent displacement of injury-site GH was found to modulate neuronal transcription at least in part via serum response factor (SRF) regulation. A single GH injection into the injured hindpaw muscle effectively restored available GH signaling to neurons and prevented acute pain-like behaviors, primary afferent sensitization, and neuronal gene expression changes. GH treatment also inhibited long-term somatosensory changes observed after repeated peripheral insult. Results may indicate a novel mechanism of neonatal nociception.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough it is noted that mechanisms of pain development in early life are unique compared with adults, little research focuses on neonatal-specific peripheral mechanisms of nociception. This gap is evident in the lack of specialized care for infants following an injury including surgeries. This report evaluates how distinct cellular systems in the periphery including the endocrine, immune and nervous systems work together to modulate neonatal-specific nociception. We uncovered a novel mechanism by which muscle injury induces a macrophage-dependent sequestration of peripheral growth hormone (GH) that effectively removes its normal tonic inhibition of neonatal nociceptors to promote acute pain-like behaviors. Results indicate a possible new strategy for treatment of neonatal postsurgical pain.
Wait For It
Authors: Turrell Amelia S. , Halpern Andrea R. , Javadi Amir-Homayoun
Published: April 2021

Previous brain-related studies on music-evoked emotions have relied on listening to long music segments, which may reduce the precision of correlating emotional cues to specific brain areas. Break routines in electronic dance music (EDM) are emotive but short music moments containing three passages: breakdown, build-up, and drop. Within build-ups music features increase to peak moments prior to highly expected drop passages and peak-pleasurable emotions when these expectations are fulfilled. The neural correlates of peak-pleasurable emotions (such as excitement) in the short seconds of build-up and drop passages in EDM break routines are therefore good candidates to study brain correlates of emotion. Thirty-six participants listened to break routines while undergoing continuous EEG. Source reconstruction of EEG epochs for one second of build-up and of drop passages showed that pre- and post-central gyri and precuneus were more active during build-ups, and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and middle frontal gyrus (MFG) were more active within drop passages. Importantly, IFG and MFG activity showed a correlation with ratings of subjective excitement during drop passages. The results suggest expectation is important in inducing peak-pleasurable experiences and brain activity changes within seconds of reported feelings of excitement during EDM break routines.
Reproduction Accuracy for Short Rhythms Following Melodic or Monotonic Presentation
Authors: Frane Andrew V. , Monti Martin M.
Published: April 2021

Some researchers and study participants have expressed an intuition that novel rhythmic sequences are easier to recall and reproduce if they have a melody, implying that melodicity (the presence of musical pitch variation) fundamentally enhances perception and/or representation of rhythm. But the psychoacoustics literature suggests that pitch variation often impairs perception of temporal information. To examine the effect of melodicity on rhythm reproduction accuracy, we presented simple nine-note auditory rhythms to 100 college students, who attempted to reproduce those rhythms by tapping. Reproductions tended to be more accurate when the presented notes all had the same pitch than when the presented notes had a melody. Nonetheless, a plurality of participants judged that the melodically presented rhythms were easier to remember. We also found that sequences containing a Scotch snap (a sixteenth note at a quarter note beat position followed by a dotted eighth note) were reproduced less accurately than other sequences in general, and less accurately than other sequences containing a dotted eighth note.
Assessing Music Expertise
Authors: Lin Ziyong , Werner André , Lindenberger Ulman , Brandmaier Andreas M. , Wenger Elisabeth
Published: April 2021

We introduce the Berlin Gehoerbildung Scale (BGS), a multidimensional assessment of music expertise in amateur musicians and music professionals. The BGS is informed by music theory and uses a variety of testing methods in the ear-training tradition, with items covering four different dimensions of music expertise: (1) intervals and scales, (2) dictation, (3) chords and cadences, and (4) complex listening. We validated the test in a sample of amateur musicians, aspiring professional musicians, and students attending a highly competitive music conservatory (n = 59). Using structural equation modeling, we compared two factor models: a unidimensional model postulating a single factor of music expertise; and a hierarchical model, according to which four first-order subscale factors load on a second-order factor of general music expertise. The hierarchical model showed better fit to the data than the unidimensional model, indicating that the four subscales capture reliable variance above and beyond the general factor of music expertise. There were reliable group differences on both the second-order general factor and the four subscales, with music students outperforming aspiring professionals and amateur musicians. We conclude that the BGS is an adequate measurement instrument for assessing individual differences in music expertise, especially at high levels of expertise.
Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-Fluorocholine PET and 11C-Methionine PET for parathyroid localization in primary hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bioletto Fabio , Barale Marco , Parasiliti-Caprino Mirko , Prencipe Nunzia , Berton Alessandro Maria , Procopio Massimo , Deandreis Désirée , Ghigo Ezio
Published: April 2021

Background

Primary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by an autonomous hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone by one or more parathyroid glands. Preoperative localization of the affected gland(s) is of key importance in order to allow minimally invasive surgery. At the moment, 11C-Methionine and 18F-Fluorocholine PET studies appear to be among the most promising second-line localization techniques; their comparative diagnostic performance, however, is still unknown.

Methods

PubMed/Medline and Embase databases were searched up to October 2020 for studies estimating the diagnostic accuracy of 11C-Methionine PET or 18F-Fluorocholine PET for parathyroid localization in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Pooled sensitivity and positive predictive value were calculated for each tracer on a 'per-lesion' basis and compared using a random-effect model subgroup analysis.

Results

In total, 22 studies were finally considered in the meta-analysis. Of these, 8 evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of 11C-Methionine and 14 that of 18F-Fluorocholine. No study directly comparing the two tracers was found. The pooled sensitivity of 18F-Fluorocholine was higher than that of 11C-Methionine (92% vs 80%, P  < 0.01), while the positive predictive value was similar (94% vs 95%, P  = 0.99). These findings were confirmed in multivariable meta-regression models, demonstrating their apparent independence from other possible predictors or confounders at a study level.

Conclusion

This was the first meta-analysis that specifically compared the diagnostic accuracy of 11C-Methionine and 18F-Fluorocholine PET for parathyroid localization in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Our results suggested a superior performance of 18F-Fluorocholine in terms of sensitivity, while the two tracers had comparable accuracy in terms of positive predictive value.
Can preoperative ultrasound predict extrathyroidal extension of differentiated thyroid cancer?
Authors: Lamartina Livia , Bidault Sophie , Hadoux Julien , Guerlain Joanne , Girard Elizabeth , Breuskin Ingrid , Attard Marie , Suciu Voichita , Baudin Eric , Al Ghuzlan Abir , Leboulleux Sophie , Hartl Dana
Published: April 2021

Objective

The presence of extrathyroidal extension (ETE) is generally considered as an indication for total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer. The accuracy of neck ultrasound for the diagnosis of ETE is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative ultrasound evaluation of ETE.

Methods

The retrospective and observational study of consecutive patients operated between 2016 and 2019 for cytologically suspicious or indeterminate thyroid nodules were analyzed. US images obtained preoperatively were retrospectively reviewed to identify signs of minimal or gross ETE. Histology was considered as the golden standard for diagnosis of ETE. The sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), and accuracy of US were evaluated.

Results

A cohort of 305 patients (75% females, median age 48 years) with 378 nodules (median size 18 mm) was studied. Seventy-five percent of the nodules (n = 228) were malignant on histology and ETE was present in 106 cases (28%): 83 minimal ETE and 23 gross ETE. Suspicion of minimal ETE on preoperative ultrasound was found in 50 (13%) with a sensitivity of 30%, a specificity of 93%, a PPV of 62% and an NPV of 78%, with an accuracy of 76%. Gross ETE on ultrasound was found in 19 (5%) nodules with a sensitivity of 78%, a specificity of 99.7% a PPV of 94.7% an NPV of 98.6% and an accuracy of 98%.

Conclusions

Preoperative US is very specific and accurate in diagnosing gross ETE which impacts the extent of initial surgery for thyroid cancers.
Effects of endogenous GIP in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Stensen Signe , Gasbjerg Lærke S , Krogh Liva L , Skov-Jeppesen Kirsa , Sparre-Ulrich Alexander H , Jensen Mette H , Dela Flemming , Hartmann Bolette , Vilsbøll Tina , Holst Jens J , Rosenkilde Mette M , Christensen Mikkel B , Knop Filip K
Published: April 2021

Objective

The insulinotropic effect of exogenous, intravenously infused glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is impaired in patients with type 2 diabetes. We evaluated the effects of endogenous GIP in relation to glucose and bone metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes using a selective GIP receptor antagonist and hypothesized that the effects of endogenous GIP were preserved.

Design

A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study.

Methods

Ten patients with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes (mean±s.d.; HbA1c 52 ± 11 mmol/mol; BMI 32.5 ± 4.8 kg/m2) were included. We infused a selective GIP receptor antagonist, GIP(3-30)NH2 (1200 pmol/kg/min), or placebo (saline) during two separate, 230-min, standardized, liquid mixed meal tests followed by a meal ad libitum. Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were analyzed.

Results

Compared with placebo, GIP(3-30)NH2 reduced postprandial insulin secretion (Δbaseline-subtracted area under the curve (bsAUC)C-peptide% ± s.e.m.; −14 ± 6%, P = 0.021) and peak glucagon (Δ% ± s.e.m.; −11 ± 6%, P = 0.046) but had no effect on plasma glucose (P = 0.692). Suppression of bone resorption (assessed by circulating carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX)) was impaired during GIP(3-30)NH2 infusion compared with placebo (ΔbsAUCCTX; ±s.e.m.; −4.9 ± 2 ng/mL × min, P = 0.005) corresponding to a ~50% reduction. Compared with placebo, GIP(3-30)NH2 did not affect plasma lipids, meal consumption ad libitum or adipose tissue triglyceride content.

Conclusions

Using a selective GIP receptor antagonist during a meal, we show that endogenous GIP increases postprandial insulin secretion with little effect on postprandial glycaemia but is important for postprandial bone homeostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Order estimates of the uniform approximations by Zygmund sums on the classes of convolutions of periodic functions
Authors: Serdyuk A.S. , Hrabova U.Z.
Published: April 2021

The Zygmund sums of a function $f\in L_{1}$ are trigonometric polynomials of the form $$Z^{s}_{n-1}(f;t):=\frac{a_{0}}{2}+\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}\Big(1-\big(\frac{k}{n}\big)^{s}\Big) \big(a_{k}(f)\cos kt+b_{k}(f)\sin kt\big), s>0,$$ where $a_{k}(f)$ and $b_{k}(f)$ are the Fourier coefficients of $f$. We establish the exact-order estimates of uniform approximations by the Zygmund sums $Z^{s}_{n-1}$ of $2\pi$-periodic continuous functions from the classes $C^{\psi}_{\beta,p}$. These classes are defined by the convolutions of functions from the unit ball in the space $L_{p}$, $1\leq p<\infty$, with generating fixed kernels $$\Psi_{\beta}(t)\sim\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\psi(k)\cos\left(kt+\frac{\beta\pi}{2}\right), \Psi_{\beta}\in L_{p'}, \beta\in \mathbb{R}, \frac1p+\frac{1}{p'}=1.$$ We additionally assume that the product $\psi(k)k^{s+1/p}$ is generally monotonically increasing with the rate of some power function, and, besides, for $1< p<\infty$ it holds that $\sum_{k=n}^{\infty}\psi^{p'}(k)k^{p'-2}<\infty$, and for $p=1$ the following condition $\sum_{k=n}^{\infty}\psi(k)<\infty$ is true. It is shown, that under these conditions Zygmund sums $Z^{s}_{n-1}$ and Fejér sums $\sigma_{n-1}=Z^{1}_{n-1}$ realize the order of the best uniform approximations by trigonometric polynomials of these classes, namely for $1<p<\infty$ $${E}_{n}(C^{\psi}_{\beta,p})_{C}\asymp{\cal E}\left(C^{\psi}_{\beta,p}; Z_{n-1}^{s}\right)_{C}\asymp\Big(\sum_{k=n}^{\infty}\psi^{p'}(k)k^{p'-2}\Big)^{1/p'}, \ \frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{p'}=1,$$ and for $p=1$ $$ {E}_{n}(C^{\psi}_{\beta,1})_{C}\asymp{\cal E}\left(C^{\psi}_{\beta,1}; Z_{n-1}^{s}\right)_{C}\asymp {\left\{{\begin{array}{l l} \sum\limits_{k=n}^{\infty}\psi(k), & \cos \frac{\beta\pi}{2}\neq 0,\\ \psi(n)n, &\cos \frac{\beta\pi}{2}= 0, \end{array}} \right.} $$ where $${E}_{n}(C^{\psi}_{\beta,p})_{C}:=\sup_{f\in C^{\psi}_{\beta,p}}\inf\limits_{t_{n-1}\in\mathcal{T}_{2n-1}}\|f(\cdot)-t_{n-1}(\cdot)\|_{C}, $$ and $\mathcal{T}_{2n-1}$ is the subspace of trigonometric polynomials $t_{n-1}$ of order $n-1$ with real coefficients, $${\cal E}\left(C^{\psi}_{\beta,p}; Z_{n-1}^{s}\right)_{C}:=\mathop{\sup}\limits_{f\in C^{\psi}_{\beta,p}}\|f(\cdot)-Z^{s}_{n-1}(f;\cdot)\|_{C}.$$
Fighting the Philistines: Robert Schumann and the Davidsbündler
Authors: White Stephen
Published: April 2021

Robert Schumann was an eccentric composer and musical critic who influenced the Romantic-era musical community through the formation of the Davidsbündler. This “league of David” was Schumann’s idea of a musical society which exemplified a distinctly pure style of modern musical composition. The style of the Davidsbündler was based on the idea that music must reflect the personal life experiences of its composer. Needing a journal to publish musical writings of Davidsbündler, Schumann created the New Journal for Music. Having himself suffered from mental instability throughout his life, Schumann’s music often displayed unique levels of polarity and passion in order to show his own life experiences. Schumann’s mental polarity and instability was directly showcased in his music through the natures of fictional characters Florestan and Eusebius. These characters are clearly displayed though the piano works Carnival and the Davidsbündlertänze. Through the use of modern musical compositional techniques such as chromaticism and syncopation along with clear characterizations of Florestan and Eusebius, the Davidsbündlertänze stands as a testament to the ideals of the Davidsbündler.
Modelling of the Dependencies of Industrial Development on Marketing Efficiency, Innovation and Technological Activity Indicators
Authors: Ilyash Olha , Lupak Ruslan , Vasyltsiv Taras , Trofymenko Olena , Dzhadan Iryna
Published: April 2021

This study is relevant due to the multidimensionality and interdependence of industrial development and the indicators of innovation and technological activities and marketing efficiency. The use of economic and mathematical modelling of dependencies between key macroeconomic parameters of the national economy development made it possible to qualitatively analyse the impact of the indicators of marketing efficiency, innovation and technological activities on the parameters of industrial development. The influence of the volume of financing for innovation activity, the introduction of new technological processes and the volume of production of innovative types of products on the change in the volume of sold industrial products is econometrically taken into account. The multidimensionality of the dependencies of choosing an effective model of the dependence of the volume of sold industrial products on the factors in innovation and technological activities was the reason for building a power model. The uniqueness of using an integrated model of the dependencies of innovation and technological activities and industrial development lies in taking into consideration latent factors that influence changes in industrial production, including funding for innovation in the country’s industrial sector, the number of new technological processes and the level of mastering the production of new innovative types of products. The effectiveness of the study is explained by the fact that the selected system of indicators and dependencies helped to identify a number of risks to Ukraines’ industrial development, for example, a critical decline in innovation and technological activities of industry.
The Problem of Transworld Identity: in Defence of Essentialism
Authors: Gricius Pranciškus
Published: April 2021

In this article, the problem of transworld identity – that is the question, if and how it is possible to ground the intuition that the same individual exists in more than one possible world – is solved by arguing that individuals have essences. First of all, it is claimed that the concept of transworld identity is desirable since it betters both global pan-essentialism and counterpart theory. Then, necessary terminology for successful understanding of the transworld identity problem is introduced. Afterwards, it is contended that the well-known Chisholm’s paradox for transworld identity can be resolved by appealing to individual essences. It is argued that if extreme haecceitism is true, then essences of individuals are non-qualitative and hence haecceitist switches are ontologically grounded. On the other hand, if reductionism is true, then essences of individuals are qualitative and hence haecceitist switches are impossible. Finally, it is shown that by referring to individual essences across possible worlds it is possible to solve the problem of cross-world identification.
REGULATION OF OUTPUT DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRIC DISCHARGE INSTALLATIONS WITH RESERVOIR CAPACITORS
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Shcherba A.A. , Suprunovska N.I. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Shcherba M.A. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Peremohy ave., 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine, Roziskulov S.S. ,   nstitute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: April 2021

The paper reveals the dependences of the output dynamic characteristics of semiconductor electric discharge installations (EDIs) with reservoir capacitors on the features of the change in the value of their capacitance. In particular, it is substantiated that for any fixed discharge duration less than the duration of reaching the maximum discharge current, an increase in the capacitance of such storage devices causes an increase in the value of the final discharge current both at aperiodic and oscillatory discharges in the linear resistance of the technological load. The change in the value of the discharge current in the load in the case of forced interruption of this current at a certain moment of time is investigated. Based on the obtained regularities, the authors of the work proposed to use the capacitance of the EDI's capacitor, which is larger than capacitance required to implement the maximum value of the discharge current in the load. Using a capacitor with a larger capacity and a fully controlled semiconductor switch in the discharge circuit of the EDI, it is possible to obtain the required maximum current value at a shorter duration of the discharge process. Thus, it is possible to regulate the main dynamic parameters of pulse currents in the load – the rate of their rise and/or their duration by changing the value of the capacitance of the discharge capacitor EDI. This approach is expedient for increasing the productivity of EDIs, focused on the production of dispersed spark powders of metals and alloys. References 15, figures 3.
RESEARCH OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF PROCESSING BY PULSE BARRIER DISCHARGE OF WATER IN A DROP-FILM STATE
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Bereka V.O. , Bozhko I.V. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Kondratenko I.P. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: April 2021

The energy efficiency of a pulsed barrier discharge in air was investigated when it treated a model water sample in a drop-film state containing an organic dye (methylene blue) with an initial concentration of 50 mg/l. The water consumption was 4 l / min, the characteristic droplet diameter was ~1 mm. Water treatment was carried out in a coaxial discharge chamber with a gas gap of 3.2 mm and additionally in an ozonation chamber. The discharge was generated by short ~ 100 ns voltage pulses of ≈26 kV, which provided a current density with an amplitude of ≈1.3 A/cm2 and a pulse energy of ≈ 140 mJ. The time of decomposition of the impurity and the energy efficiency of the discharge were investigated as a function of the pulse repetition rate of 25−300 Hz. The discharge had the highest energy efficiency at frequencies of 25-50 Hz, at which the energy yield corresponding to 50% decomposition of the impurity is about 100 g/kW h. It is shown that most of ozone, one of the main oxidants generated by the discharge, dissolves in water in the discharge chamber. The concentration of ozone at the outlet from the discharge chamber can reach 2.2 mg/l. The remaining ozone is absorbed by the model solution (about 60%) in the ozonization chamber. References 16, figures 7.
SIMULATION OF MOBILE ROBOT CLAMPING MAGNETS BY CIRCLE-FIELD METHOD
Authors:   miral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, pr. Heroev Ukrainy, 9, Mykolaiv, 54025, Ukraine, Cherno O.O. , Gerasin O.S. ,   miral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, pr. Heroev Ukrainy, 9, Mykolaiv, 54025, Ukraine, Topalov A.M. ,   Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, pr. Herov Ukrainy, 9, Mykolaiv, 54025, Ukraine, Stakanov D.K. ,   Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, pr. Herov Ukrainy, 9, Mykolaiv, 54025, Ukraine, Hurov A.P. ,   Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, pr. Herov Ukrainy, 9, Mykolaiv, 54025, Ukraine, Vyzhol Yu.O. ,   Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, pr. Herov Ukrainy, 9, Mykolaiv, 54025, Ukraine
Published: April 2021

Abstract There are a list of complicated tasks need to be solved to increase the working productivity and decrease working cost in modern shipbuilding and ship repair. Good results in solving those problems are shown whether automation with varied robots implementation. The mobile robots able to move and perform given technological operations on different-spaced ferromagnetic surfaces are equipped with own control systems, movers and clamping devices. Usually, reliability and safety of such robots are in direct dependence on designers’ adequate representation of their behavior that is described by mathematical description of separate parts or the robot in the whole to correct control problem solving. The article amply considers the process of the climbing mobile robot clamping electromagnet simulation model building using the improved circle-field method on the example of BR-65/30 clamping electromagnet. The model is built on the basis of interpolated dependences of flux coupling and electromagnetic force on the magnetomotive force and the value of the air gap obtained by numerical calculations of the magnetic field. The dynamic properties of the electromagnet are investigated and a family of its traction characteristics is obtained by the developed model, which can be used for automatic control of the robot clamping device. References 25, figures 5, tables 3.
Representation of the concept “money” in phraseological units of the Finnish and Erzia languages
Authors: Karpunina Ekaterina D.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The article examines the ways of representing the concept of “money” on the material of phraseological units of the Finnish and Erzia languages in a comparative aspect. It employs the model of conceptual analysis, which is based on the comparison of phraseological units of two distant languages. The purpose of the article is to identify the linguistic means of expression of the concept “money” on the material of phraseological units of each of the required language, and find out how the concept of “money” is represented in the linguistic, cognitive and cultural space of the nations. The study of phraseological fund of languages from the point of view of the representation of a concept is of great importance in linguistics.
Materials and Methods. To achieve this goal, the article uses descriptive and comparative methods, a method of conceptual analysis developed independently in the course of the study, as well as techniques of component and etymological analysis. The actual material is obtained as a result of using the method of continuous sampling from phraseological dictionaries of the Finnish and Erzia languages.
Results and Discussion. This study has allowed to identify the phraseological units that most accurately reflects the concept “money” in the Finnish and Erzia languages; select the frequency of duplicate tokens and spend a lexical analysis of their dictionary definitions; to make their own model of concept analysis to explore the identified language material taking into account semantic basis, and to submit to the lexical-semantic classification of phraseological units based on the material of the Finnish and Erzia languages.
Conclusion. During the study, 62 Finnish and 35 Erzya phraseological units were identified and analyzed, 17 most frequently occurring nuclear lexemes were identified, which allowed us to conclude that the concept of “money” is similar in the minds of the Finnish and Erzia peoples. As a result of the analysis, a classification was made based on the lexical and semantic feature, including 7 groups of phraseological units.
Everyday cultural practices of the Ural Mari
Authors: Berezina Anna V.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The study of everyday cultural practices of the Ural Mari living in rural areas can not only provide extra information, but also change our views on distinctive features of their culture, the prospects for its development, and resistance to ethnocultural transformations.
Materials and Methods. The work used interdisciplinary research methods, the principles of comparative, system and structural analysis, as well as sociological methods: observation, in-depth survey, comparative analysis, interviewing.
Results and Discussion. Distinctive features of the ethnic culture of the Ural Mari were influenced by the regional factor, and were recorded not only in the Mari dialect, national dresses, but also in everyday practices, namely household chores, the relationship between a man and a woman, and between generations. Their formation was influenced by folk religiosity, which is closely related to mythological thinking. Belief in the spirits that accompanies the everyday life of a person, has been transformed according to new everyday practices, and is still preserved in the everyday life of the ethnos. The author provides data from in-depth surveys and interviews of Mari living in the Sverdlovsk region and the Perm Territory, and also analyzes examples from literary sources.
Conclusion. The transformation of the culture of the Ural Mari in rural areas is a response to scientific and technological progress, global changes, and is exteroceptive in nature with a persisting axiological basis. Further research of the everyday cultural practices of the Ural Mari living in rural areas will make it possible to predict the development of their ethnic culture and point out the critical aspects of transformation.
Notes and Schedae to Lichenes Delicati Exsiccati Editae in Memoriam Antonín Vězda (1920–2008), Fasc. 6
Authors: Farkas E.
Published: April 2021

Lichenes Delicati Exsiccati Editae of little, fine, special lichens is edited in honour of Antonín Vězda (1920–2008). The sixth fascicle of the exsiccate is consisted of 20 species of lichens and lichenicolous fungi and distributed to 12 lichen herbaria of the world. Collectors are J. Halda, G. Kantvilas, L. Lőkös, Z. Palice, N. Varga and E. Farkas.
The Fourth Checklist of Ukrainian Lichen-Forming and Lichenicolous Fungi with Analysis of Current Additions
Authors: Kondratyuk S. Y. , Popova L. P. , Khodosovtsev O. Y. , Lőkös L. , Fedorenko N. M. , Kapets N. V.
Published: April 2021

The “Fourth checklist of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi of Ukraine”, including 2150 accepted scientific names based on published records as well as analysis of current additions are provided. Current additions include 439 taxa newly recorded for Ukraine after the third checklist of lichens of Ukraine by Kondratyuk et al. (2010) and 262 nomenclatural novelties. Annotations to each taxon of 318 newly recorded to Ukraine are provided in the style of the second checklist by Kondratyuket al. (1998), i.e. data on phytogeographical regions and administrative districts (oblasts) of Ukraine as well as references to published papers are provided. Among current additions 99 taxa were annotated in the Checklist of lichenicolous fungi of Ukraine by Darmostuk and Khodosovtsev (2017) and consequent references to the latter are provided.

The conclusion confirms the earlier recommendation that national checklists of lichens are to be re-published more often than once a decade.
Rediscovery and expansion of the distribution of Phyllanthus itatiaiensis Brade (Phyllanthaceae) in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Clebson Ribeiro Mendes Jone , Athiê-Souza Sarah Maria , Ribeiro Rayane de Tasso Moreira , Baez Gomes Caio , Carrijo Tatiana Tavares , Sales Margareth Ferreira de
Published: April 2021

We report here the rediscovery of Phyllanthus itatiaiensis Brade (Phyllanthaceae) after 50 years, as well as its occurrence in Minas Gerais State in southeastern Brazil. We provide a taxonomic diagnosis, in situ photographs, a distribution map, and a reassessment of its conservation status, which will contribute to our knowledge of this rare and endemic species as well as our ability to protect it.
Antimicrobial activity of a crude peptide extract from lablab bean (Dolichos lablab) for semi-dried rice noodles shelf-life
Authors: Bai-Ngew Shitapan , Chuensun Treethip , Wangtueai Sutee , Phongthai Suphat , Jantanasakulwong Kittisak , Rachtanapun Pornchai , Sakdatorn Vinyoo , Klunklin Warinporn , Regenstein Joe M. , Phimolsiripol Yuthana
Published: April 2021

This study provides an application of new, natural source of crude peptide extract from Lablab bean (CPL). Use of additive such as benzoate in the rice noodle industry is a common practice and has several bene?cial effects on quality and shelf-life. However, the shelf-life of semi-dried rice noodles can be extended by crude peptide extract with acceptable quality when compared to other additives. This research aimed to extract CPL and determine its effect on the growth of microorganisms. The use of the CPL to extend the shelf-life of semi-dried rice noo-dles was compared with other natural extracts (chitosan and thymol) and benzoic acid. The CPL samples were extracted using 5% pepsin and incubated for up to 24 h. CPL at 200 mg/mL could be used as the growth inhibitor for Bacillus cereus but not for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It was found that noodles with CPL had the highest cooking loss (4.69) and lowest tensile strength (22.6 g.force). Overall-liking scores showed slightly liked (6.0 out of 9) and 68% of the consumers accepted the CPL-treated noodles. Shelf-life testing showed that CPL could extend the shelf-life of the noodles for 3 days than the control (1 day). Using 200 mg/mL of CPL could extend the shelf-life more than 3 times when compared to the control noodle (no additive). The CPL was nearly as effective as benzoic acid that could be kept for 3 days. Hedonic score in overall-liking showed a slightly like (6.2) for the noodles with CPL. This study suggests the application of adding CPL could be used as new natural additive and seems to be promising to apply in many food products such as pasta or sausages.
Language acquisition and Language Learning
Authors: De Uttaran
Published: April 2021

The requirement of language in day to day communication and the development of it has always been a interesting topic for research. The subject a permutation and combination of different segments of history, literature study, human psychology and also biological influences. This present
paper goes through the topic of ‘Language acquisition and language learning’. The paper explores the common philosophical and psychological aspects of learning and acquisition to comment on the difference between the two and also narrates upon the fundamental concepts of
language to evoke the relation between language and humans. The paper mainly consists of two segments. The first one talks of the involved terms in general, whereas the other, marks out the psychological and biological sciences hovering the topic suggested by linguists and researchers.
The Sound of Language and its Impact on Human Mind: A Neuroanatomical Approach to Understand Language Acquisition
Authors: Mukherji Author-Aritra
Published: April 2021

This paper highlights the process of integration of sound to form a language and the consequent effect it poses on human mind both on a neurological and psychological basis. Here, we display the chronological sequence of language development starting from the root vibration level. The
origin of sound and subsequent creation of the universe is explained in brief and then the influence of nature’s sound which poses on human beings to develop a language of their own is shown here. An analysis of the language being acquired is made on a neuroanatomical ground. Further,
in this paper, discussions are made on people affected with aphasia, a language impairment and possible solutions to aid such people are suggested.
Wear Resistance of Platinum and Gold Alloys: A Comparative Study
Authors: Klotz Ulrich E. , Heiss Tiziana , Fryé Teresa
Published: April 2021

A series of iterative wear and corrosion tests were conducted on two 950 platinum alloys, two 585 white gold alloys and two 750 white gold alloys. Testing followed standardised industrial procedures in order to provide comparable and reproducible conditions. Wear testing comprised a sequence including abrasion testing, corrosion testing and polish testing. Mass loss was recorded after each test cycle. Five complete test cycles were followed by two long-term polish tests. The total testing time was ca. 250 h. A pronounced difference in the mass and volume loss between the platinum and the gold alloys was observed. The absolute volume loss per surface area of the platinum alloys was a factor of two to three times lower than that of the gold alloys. The highest volume loss was observed for 750AuPd, followed by 585AuPd, 585AuNi and 750AuNi with the latter three showing similar wear behaviours. The mass loss increased linearly with testing time. No measurable mass loss was observed by corrosion testing in our limited duration test cycle and the only alloy exhibiting significant corrosion was 585AuNi. Hardness of the alloys was determined by Vickers microhardness testing at a 100 g load. Notably, higher hardness levels were not found to be an indicator for low mass or volume loss.
Prophylaxis of suicidal behavior in conditions of penitentiary isolation from the perspective of Transactional Analysis
Authors: Jasnosik Elżbieta
Published: April 2021

Suicidal behaviors in society, regardless of their final result, are an important topic that requires many preventive actions. In specific conditions, such as the conditions of imprisonment, it is even more important to prevent and counteract the negative effects of isolation which may increase an already high risk of suicide. In penitentiary establishments, suicidal prevention is carried out on the basis of detailed instructions on the prevention of suicide of imprisoned persons. The article discusses individual provisions of the aforementioned instruction and the manner of their implementation. It is also an attempt to present the actions taken and their effects with the use of Transactional Analysis terminology.
Psychopedagogy of integration and authenticity: on the relationship between Gestalt therapy and Gestalt pedagogy and educational transactional analysis (part 5)
Authors: Jagieła Jarosław
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the links between Gestalt therapy and pedagogy and transactional analysis in its educational dimension.
Erectile dysfunction in kidney diseases: a review of the literature
Authors: Kadyrov Z A. , Odilov A. Yu. , Sadulloev F. S.
Published: April 2021

Analysis of the world literature shows that sexual dysfunction is a common problem in patients with chronic kidney disease, both men and women, and this problem for known reasons has not received proper recognition and attention among health professionals and organizers. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction among men with chronic kidney failure ranges from 70 to 86 %. Sexual disorders are associated with uremic effects, comorbidities, anemia, hormonal disorders, autonomic neuropathy, vascular disorders, hyperparathyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, drug side effects, and psychosocial factors. Erectile dysfunction has a serious impact on the quality of life and this strongly affects the social and family life of affected patients. Sexual dysfunction is more common in men and women with chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Patients on hemodialysis have better sexual function than those without it. Sexual dysfunction has a negative impact on the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease and therefore they need high-quality therapy, taking into account the stage, desire and ability of patients.
Effectiveness of kinesioteping as an additional method of treatment in patients in the rehabilitation period after osteosynthesis of the lower jaw
Authors: Maximova Natalya V. , Dulov Phillip V. , Tkachuk Maksim F. , Kerimova Gasida M. , Tarakanova Julia O.
Published: April 2021

Background. The article describes the application of kinesioteiping as an additional treatment for patients in the rehabilitation period after osteosynthesis of the lower jaw. Aims. To evaluate the effectiveness of kinesiotherapy in patients after osteosynthesis of the lower jaw in the rehabilitation period. Materials and methods. The nociceptive sensitivity and edema size in patients were evaluated after osteosynthesis of the lower jaw, and the durations of the rehabilitation period with and without kinesiotherapy were compared. The study involved 30 patients who were hospitalized (from January 2019 to February 2020) in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Regional Clinical Hospital, Ryazan. A visual analog pain scale and a photographic protocol were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the methodology. Results. On the third day of the study, 46.6% of the patients in the control group expressed an improvement in their health. Subjectively: mouth opening restrictions of 2 cm were observed, spontaneous pain in the lower jaw was preserved, and soft tissue edema was preserved. In the study group, the results were more positive compared with the first day after surgery. On the third day, 66.6% of the patients recovered better and faster. Subjectively: the level of pain in the lower jaw decreased, soft tissue edema reduced, and the mouth opening restriction of 2 cm was preserved. Conclusion. Kinesiotherapy is an effective and well-proven additional non-drug method that allows to reduce the rehabilitation period after osteosynthesis of the lower jaw.