bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Necrotizing Enterocolitis Detection in Premature Infants Using Broadband Optical Spectroscopy
Authors: Flowerday Ethan , Daneshkhah Ali , Su Yuanzhe , Backman Vadim , Goldstein Seth D.
Published: November 2024

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease affecting premature infants. Broadband optical spectroscopy (BOS) is a method of noninvasive optical data collection from intra‐abdominal organs in premature infants, offering potential for disease detection. Herein, a novel machine learning approach, iterative principal component analysis (iPCA), is developed to select optimal wavelengths from BOS data collected in vivo from neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients for NEC classification. Neural network models were trained for classification, with a reduced‐feature model distinguishing NEC with an accuracy of 88%, a sensitivity of 89%, and a specificity of 88%. While whole‐spectrum models performed the best for accuracy and specificity, a reduced feature model excelled in sensitivity, with minimal cost to other metrics. This research supports the hypothesis that the analysis of human tissue via BOS may permit noninvasive disease detection. Furthermore, a medical device optimized with these models may potentially screen for NEC with as few as seven wavelengths.
Targeted therapy: P2X3 receptor silencing in bone cancer pain relief
Authors: Jiang Yuge , Liu Xuan , Zhang Hong , Xu Longhe
Published: November 2024

Bone cancer pain remains a significant clinical challenge, often refractory to conventional treatments. The upregulation of the P2X3 receptor in the dorsal root ganglia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of bone cancer pain. This study aimed to elucidate the role of the P2X3 receptor in this context and assess the therapeutic potential of receptor silencing. Utilizing a rat model with Walker 256 cells to simulate bone cancer pain, researchers conducted molecular analyses, including semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR and Western Blot, to investigate P2X3 receptor expression in the dorsal root ganglia. Results demonstrated a marked increase in P2X3 receptor levels in the dorsal root ganglia of the bone cancer pain model. Targeted silencing of the P2X3 receptor using specific shRNA delivered via lentiviral vectors significantly reduced pain sensitivity, underscoring the receptor's potential as a valuable therapeutic target. In addition, a comprehensive gene expression analysis leveraging the GEO data set GSE249443 was performed to explore the underlying biological pathways linked to bone cancer pain. This analysis provided insights into the intricate interplay between bone cancer pain and associated biological processes, offering a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in pain modulation and progression. In conclusion, this research identifies the P2X3 receptor as a critical molecular target for mitigating bone cancer pain. The selective silencing of the P2X3 receptor emerges as a promising and innovative therapeutic strategy, presenting novel avenues for managing bone cancer pain and potentially revolutionizing treatment approaches in this challenging domain.
Virtual Reality Exposure for Treating PTSD Due to Military Sexual Trauma
Authors: Loucks Laura , Rizzo Albert , Rothbaum Barbara O.
Published: November 2024

Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRE) has been used in the treatment of combat‐related PTSD since the late 1990s and was recently adapted to treat PTSD due to military sexual trauma (MST). With content specifically tailored to MST‐related contexts, we present the case study of a military veteran who participated in the open clinical trial examining the feasibility of VRE in the treatment of MST‐related PTSD (Loucks et al. 2019). We illustrate VRE's use in activating the trauma memory to facilitate therapeutic emotional processing across sessions and overall symptom reduction. The case study includes common challenges that may occur during VRE and relevant recommendations. The discussion will include lessons learned from the case study and the open clinical trial, recommendations for the flexible application of VRE, and the ongoing developments in the latest version of the VRE system, informed by feedback acquired from the clinicians and patients who experienced it in the initial clinical trial.
Tocilizumab for Advanced Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer With Concomitant Cachexia: An Observational Study
Authors: Du Yang , Liu Xiao‐Yan , Pan Rui‐Li , Zhang Xiao‐Tong , Si Xiao‐Yan , Chen Min‐Jiang , Wang Meng‐Zhao , Zhang Li
Published: November 2024

Background

Cancer cachexia significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Inflammatory pathways mediated by interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) play a crucial role in the development of cancer cachexia. This study aimed to investigate the use of tocilizumab in the management of NSCLC with coexisting IL‐6‐elevated cachexia.

Methods

In this retrospective study, data were collected from patients with NSCLC and concurrent IL‐6‐elevated cachexia who received either tocilizumab plus antitumour therapy or antitumour therapy alone. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and improved modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) at Week 12. The secondary endpoints included changes from baseline over 12 weeks in body weight, albumin, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and mGPS. Qualitative improvements in patient self‐rated appetite and fatigue were reported as exploratory analysis.

Results

The study included 49 patients diagnosed with NSCLC and IL‐6‐elevated cachexia, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2–4. Of these, 26 received tocilizumab in combination with antitumour therapy, and 23 received antitumour therapy alone. The majority of these patients were male (87.8%). Baseline characteristics were almost identical between the two groups. The tocilizumab group demonstrated a significantly longer median OS compared to the control group (15.1 vs. 3.2 months; hazard ratio 0.18, 95% confidence interval 0.08–0.38; p < 0.001). The rate of patients surviving with mGPS improvement at Week 12 was significantly higher in the tocilizumab group than in the control group (risk difference 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.75–1.00; p < 0.001). Over the 12‐week period, significant improvements were observed in body weight, albumin, CRP and mGPS in the tocilizumab group compared to the control group (body weight: 5.15 ± 0.53 kg vs. −5.69 ± 0.76 kg, p = 0.041; albumin: 5.89 ± 0.70 g/L vs. −2.97 ± 0.71 g/L, p < 0.001; CRP: −91.50 ± 7.15 mg/L vs. 9.47 ± 13.69 mg/L, p < 0.001; mGPS: −1.61 ± 0.15 vs. 0.03 ± 0.08, p < 0.001). The tocilizumab group also displayed significantly higher rates of improvement in appetite and fatigue (both p < 0.001). The incidence of Grade 3 or higher adverse events was 34.6% in the tocilizumab group compared to 78.3% in the control group. Tocilizumab‐related adverse events were observed in three patients (11.5%), including two cases of neutropenia and one case of skin and subcutaneous tissue infection.

Conclusion

Tocilizumab demonstrated significant benefits in survival and various clinical parameters, including body weight, albumin, CRP, mGPS and symptom burden in patients with NSCLC and concurrent IL‐6‐elevated cachexia. Given the existing unmet medical need for effective interventions for cancer cachexia, tocilizumab may be considered as a potential treatment option.
Decision fatigue in hospital settings: A scoping review
Authors: Perry Kelsey , Jones Sarah , Stumpff Julia C. , Kruer Rachel , Czosnowski Lauren , Kashiwagi Deanne , Kara Areeba
Published: November 2024

Background

“Decision Fatigue” (DF) describes the impaired ability to make decisions because of repeated acts of decision‐making.

Objectives

We conducted a scoping review to describe DF in inpatient settings.

Methods

To be included, studies should have explored a clinical decision, included a mechanism to account for the order of decision making, and be published in English in or after the year 2000. Six databases were searched. Retrieved citations were screened and retained studies were reviewed against the inclusion criteria. References of included studies were manually searched, and forward citation searches were conducted to capture relevant sources.

Results

The search retrieved 12,781 citations, of which 41 were retained following screening. Following review, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. Half were conference abstracts and none examined hospitalists. Emergency medicine and intensive care settings were the most frequently studied clinical environments (n = 13, 81%). All studies were observational. The most frequently examined decisions were about resource utilization (n = 8, 50%), however only half of these examined downstream clinical outcomes. Decision quality against prespecified standards was examined in four (25%) studies. Work environment and patient attributes were often described but not consistently accounted for in analyses. Clinician attributes were described in four (25%) investigations. Findings were inconsistent: both supporting and refuting DF's role in the outcome studied.

Conclusions

The role of clinician, patient, and work environment attributes in mediating DF is understudied. Similarly, the context surrounding the decision under study require further explication and when assessing resource use and decision quality, adjudication should be made against prespecified standards.
Colonic phytobezoar in a child
Authors: Oxford Alexandra , Stearman Carine , Pohl John F.
Published: November 2024

Gastric bezoars and small bowel bezoars are uncommon in the pediatric population, and colonic bezoars are even rarer. We present the case of a 9‐year‐old female who presented with acute abdominal obstruction symptoms and a diagnosis of colonic phytobezoar. The phytobezoar was removed via endoscopic intervention. This case is important as it demonstrates that colonic bezoars can occur in children, may not be amenable to oral laxative or enema therapy, and may require endoscopic removal.
Whey proteins from camel's milk have higher in vitro wound‐healing effect than whey proteins from cow's milk
Authors: Gündeş Şevin Ece , Örenay Boyacioğlu Seda , Abbak Mürüvvet , Bulca Selda , Boyacioğlu Olcay
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

The effectiveness of whey obtained by either enzyme (sweet) or acid treatment on wound healing remains unclear. This study investigated the effectiveness of camel and bovine whey prepared enzymatically (CSW and BSW) or by pH reduction (CAW and BAW). After removing the cream from milk, HCl or rennet was used to remove casein, resulting in acid or sweet whey, respectively, followed by lactose removal using dialysis. Casein removal was verified by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Wound‐healing activity was measured in vitro on HT‐29 cells by scratch assay. All four whey samples (0–1000 mg L−1) were applied on the cells, and the closure of the cell‐free scratched areas was monitored for 48 h.

RESULTS

All whey samples increased the cell migration significantly (P < 0.05) to help close the cell‐free areas as an indication of wound healing compared to the negative control. However, the closure amounts between the highest dose (1000 mg L−1) and the control were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Acid whey samples significantly (P < 0.05) elevated the closure speed compared to the sweet whey samples. The highest closure percentage (64.69%) was achieved after treatment with 10 mg L−1 CAW for 48 h. Between the sweet whey samples, BSW was significantly (P < 0.05) more effective in closing the cell‐free zone compared to CSW.

CONCLUSION

This study investigated the wound‐healing potential of camel and bovine whey in vitro by comparing their effects on HT‐29 cell migration. CAW showed the greatest activity and may find uses as a treatment agent in wound healing. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Intraoperative Peripheral Frozen Margin Assessment in Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Zeitlinger Lauren , Chavez George M. , Wilson Machelle D. , Darrow Morgan , Canter Robert J. , Randall R. Lor , Thorpe Steven W.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives

Intraoperative peripheral margin sampling in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a routine practice among musculoskeletal oncologists. Practice patterns are variable, and evidence to support it is lacking. Rates of peripheral margin sampling at our institution were analyzed in addition to its clinical utility and cost‐effectiveness.

Methods

Peripheral margin sampling patterns at a tertiary sarcoma center were retrospectively evaluated. Concordance between peripheral margins and final pathology was assessed using McNemar's test and κ Coefficient. Clinical outcomes were compared, and a cost‐utility analysis was performed.

Results

A total of 179 patients were included. 66% had peripheral margins sampled of which 23% had frozen margins analyzed. Ten patients had positive margins (5.5% of all patients; 8.4% in those with margins sampled) and R1 margins on the final tumor specimen were identified in 15 patients (8.4%). There were no R2 resections. Three patients underwent repeat surgical resection (20%). Three patients with R1 resections had negative peripheral margins sampled, suggesting falsely reassuring peripheral margins. Peripheral margin sampling averaged $5000/patient.

Conclusions

Routine peripheral margin sampling in STS resection is of questionable utility with added cost. Prospective studies are warranted to determine the optimal approach to surgical margin assessment.
Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Member Survey: Intra‐Operative Peripheral Margins in Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Zeitlinger Lauren , Chavez George M. , Darrow Morgan , Canter Robert J. , Randall R. Lor , Thorpe Steven W.
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

Routine intraoperative peripheral margin sampling is often employed by musculoskeletal surgical oncologists. Several recommendations exist regarding this practice pattern. It is unknown what the practice patterns of Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) members are. Evidence‐based data to support or refute this practice is currently lacking. We developed an anonymous survey with two primary objectives. To determine the practice patterns of active MSTS members with respect to intraoperative peripheral margin sampling and to elucidate the most common rationale for routine sampling.

Methods

An anonymous survey was distributed through the MSTS to 320 active members. Results were collected with a branching logic fashion via Microsoft Forms®.

Results

Surveys were sent to 320 MSTS members in 2021. A total of 108 responses were collected. A total of 55 (51%) respondents noted that they routinely send intraoperative peripheral margins. Primary reasons for margin assessment included concerns about adequacy of margins. Members who routinely send frozen margins sent on average 4–6 specimens.

Conclusions

There is significant variability in this practice amongst MSTS members. Given there is no evidence to support or refute this practice, Further investigation is required to determine the clinical utility of routine intraoperative peripheral margin sampling.
Patient‐Reported Goals of Care in the Preoperative Clinic: Barriers to and Facilitators of Patient Values Elicitation and Documentation
Authors: Rosen Roni Y. , Bartsch Christan , Thompson Errika , Letica‐Kreigel Allison , Kaur Yashjot , Ng Susan , Vaynrub Maksim , Rosa William E. , Broach Vance , Epstein Andrew S. , Nelson Judith E. , Nash Garrett M. , Goldfrank Deborah
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

Infrequent preoperative goals of care (GOC) documentation leads to challenges in medical decision‐making when patients experience postoperative complications. We evaluated the feasibility of enhancing GOC documentation through a patient portal‐based values questionnaire.

Methods

A patient values questionnaire (PVQ) was distributed to patients before their Gynecologic Surgical Oncology clinic appointments via an electronic health record (EHR)‐based portal from June to October 2023. Surgeons and advanced practice providers were encouraged to address PVQ responses during clinic appointments. Patient acceptability surveys were sent to PVQ respondents and clinicians were interviewed to assess feasibility and acceptability.

Results

PVQ response rate was 225/383 (59%); 29% of all patients had an established cancer diagnosis. Clinicians deemed preoperative GOC documentation important and the PVQ valuable to prepare for unexpected postoperative complications. Accessing questionnaire responses through the EHR was a technical barrier. Clinicians agreed that GOC should be addressed after diagnosis and treatment discussions, but before surgery. Ninety percent of patients felt comfortable discussing GOC at their first clinic appointment.

Conclusion

Patient portals facilitate preoperative GOC documentation, however, clarifying and integrating values into care require ongoing discussions between clinicians and patients. Optimal timing of GOC elicitation is posttreatment planning and before surgery when the patient is most informed.
Evaluating the Association of Area Deprivation Index (ADI) on Postoperative Outcomes in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Khalid Abdullah , Pasha Shamsher A. , Demyan Lyudmyla , Standring Oliver , King Daniel A. , Newman Elliot , DePeralta Danielle , Gholami Sepideh , Weiss Matthew J. , Melis Marcovalerio
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a challenging disease, with outcomes influenced by several factors including socioeconomic status. The area deprivation index (ADI) has been used to understand how neighborhood disadvantages affect healthcare outcomes. Prior research has indicated that a higher ADI, reflective of a greater neighborhood disadvantage, is associated with an increased risk of major complications and unplanned readmission following PDAC resection. This study aimed to extend this investigation to the Northwell Health System in New York and explore the association between neighborhood ADI and surgical outcomes in patients with PDAC.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of the Northwell Health multicenter pancreatic cancer database from 2014 to 2023 included patients who underwent PDAC resection. The ADI scores were divided into low (1–3), moderate (4–6), and high (7–10), as previously described. Multinomial regression models and Kaplan–Meier log‐rank tests were used to compare differences in surgical outcomes between the patients in each ADI group.

Results

Out of 314 PDAC patients who underwent resection and had available ADI data, 116 (36.9%) were in the low, 163 (51.9%) in the moderate, and 35 (11.2%) in the high ADI category. The median ADI score was 4 (IQR: 3–5). Adjusted multinomial regression analysis revealed the following disparities: compared to the low ADI group, patients in the moderate ADI group demonstrated a significantly higher risk of diabetes (RR: 1.76, 95% CI 1.06–2.90, p = 0.028); high ADI was associated with a poorer response to neoadjuvant therapy (RR 3.13, 95% CI 1.11–8.82, p = 0.031), higher incidence of microscopic positive margins (RR 1.87, 95% CI 1.11–5.17, p = 0.028), increased severe complications (Clavien–Dindo class III−IV) (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.04–1.80, p = 0.027), and a higher failure‐to‐rescue (FTR) rate (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.12–1.85, p = 0.048). Although readmission and mortality rates at 30 and 90 days did not show significant differences (p > 0.05), the Kaplan–Meier log‐rank test indicated a marked disparity in survival probabilities among ADI ranks (p = 0.0025).

Conclusion

This study underscores a pronounced survival disparity across ADI categories among PDAC patients, suggesting an association between socioeconomic status and postoperative survival. Consideration of patient ADI may guide tailored healthcare strategies, such as the distribution of navigation and resources, to bridge the gap in survival outcomes and ensure equitable care for all socioeconomic strata.
An assessment of whether age, sex, and reproductive status affect bait uptake by grey squirrels
Authors: Tiberi Cristiano , Beatham Sarah , Coats Julia , Rochester Izzy , Roos Deon , Primi Riccardo , Vitali Andrea , Massei Giovanna
Published: November 2024

The grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) is an invasive alien species in the United Kingdom (UK). The economic impact of grey squirrels on England and Wales forestry is estimated to be around £37 million ($47 million USD) per year, and the presence of this species has caused the decline of the native red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) due to interspecific competition and transmission of diseases. Oral contraceptives, delivered in baits, are being developed to control the number of grey squirrels in the UK. Bait uptake can be affected by many factors that must be understood to develop effective delivery methods. As sexually mature females drive population growth, targeting these females with oral contraceptives should be a priority to maximize the impacts of oral contraceptives on grey squirrel populations. This study investigated whether sex, age, or reproductive status affected bait uptake by grey squirrels. We fitted 138 squirrels with passive integrated transponders (PIT‐tags) in 4 woodland sites in the UK and measured bait uptake using squirrel‐specific bait dispensers (hoppers) fitted with PIT‐tag readers and baited with hazelnut paste and the biomarker rhodamine B for 5 days in 2018 and 2022. Overall, 49% of squirrels consumed bait from the hoppers and bait was most likely to be consumed by reproductively active females. Immature squirrels made more visits per day to hoppers and visited more hoppers per day compared with adults, though the results for immature animals were highly variable. Sex, age, and reproductive status were not found to affect bait uptake in grey squirrels at the density of squirrels (3.9–6.3/ha) and bait hoppers (3/ha) tested in this study. The results confirmed that it should be possible to deliver oral contraceptives equally to different individuals within populations of grey squirrels within a relatively short period. The findings of this study could be used to inform targeted interventions aimed at delivering baits containing contraceptives or vaccines to grey squirrels.
Evidence of limited short‐term adverse demographic side effects of chronic wasting disease management
Authors: Mysterud Atle , Van Moorter Bram , Viljugrein Hildegunn , Andersen Roy , Strand Olav , Rolandsen Christer M.
Published: November 2024

Competing objectives are common in the management of wildlife diseases. However, the extent to which disease mitigation conflicts with other goals has rarely been quantified. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a lethal cervid disease widely distributed in North America and recently detected in Europe. After the detection of CWD among reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Norway in 2016, intensified and male‐biased harvesting was used to manage CWD, but this may have adverse side effects. Based on extensive surveillance data (2001‒2022) gathered by the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) and local management in addition to harvest statistics, we quantified how CWD management in Hardangervidda, Norway, changed harvest rates and affected population size, operational sex ratio, and age structure, and, in turn, whether recruitment, sex ratio of calves, and calving dates were affected. We used a formal reindeer quality standard to define adverse management. The estimated harvest rate of adult males reached >40% annually; however, the population size was only moderately reduced because the harvest of adult females was similar or decreased. The sex ratio changed from approximately 1:2.2 to 1:6.5 (males ≥3 years: females ≥1 year), which brought the population from good to poor quality according to the reindeer quality standard. The proportion of prime‐aged (≥5 years) males among adult males (≥2 years) in the harvest decreased from >60% to approximately 30%. Demographic changes led to limited side effects in the short‐term, with a delay of 4‒5 days in calving dates and a slightly more female‐biased sex ratio among the harvested calves but without a marked change in early recruitment. Wildlife populations are increasingly threatened by severe disease outbreaks that may require intensive management. Our study highlights the importance of extensive surveillance to document the potential adverse effects on population abundance, demography, and demographic side effects. The fairly limited short‐term adverse impacts can be traded against a higher likelihood of future sustainability without severe diseases; however, this may become an issue of concern if the disease becomes endemic. Balancing these trade‐offs would benefit from good communication between veterinary sciences and wildlife ecology experts.
Analyzing the Impact of the Knowledge Management Process on the Banking Sector Performance: By Using the Partial Least Square Method
Authors: Al‐Muayad Khalil M. A. , Chen Youzhen
Published: November 2024

The essence of this investigation was to elucidate the impact of knowledge management practices (KMP)—namely knowledge storage (KS), knowledge creation (KC), and knowledge application (KA)—on the performance dynamics of the banking sector in Yemen. Leveraging the partial least squares (PLS) method for analysis, this study scrutinized responses from 380 employees across Yemeni banks, revealing a significant and positive correlation between these knowledge management dimensions and the sector's performance metrics. Key to this study's findings is the assertion that KMP serves as a cornerstone for bolstering efficiency and competitiveness within Yemen's banking institutions. Notably, this research brings to light the pivotal roles played by both human capital and technological advancements in optimizing knowledge management processes. These factors collectively facilitate the sector's adaptability and responsiveness to the ever‐evolving financial landscape.
Association of suture augmentation with graft failure and clinical outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of comparative studies with a minimum 2‐year follow‐up
Authors: Gao Yitian , Shi Weili , Zhang Zhiyu , Bai Wenbin , Yang Yuping , Ma Yong , Wang Cheng , Wang Jian , Gong Xi , Wang Jianquan
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To compare graft failure, nonrevision reoperation, complication, patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) and return to sports (RTS) between patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with and without suture augmentation (SA).

Methods

A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and Web of Science databases from the inception of databases to 18 April 2024, according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Studies comparing clinical outcomes of SA‐ and standard ACLR with a minimum 2‐year follow‐up were included. Data extraction and quality appraisal were performed by two researchers independently.

Results

Eight retrospective cohort studies were included, with a total of 408 patients receiving SA‐ACLR and 443 patients receiving standard ACLR. A meta‐analysis of graft failure demonstrated a 62% relative risk reduction (RR [risk ratio], 0.38 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.19–0.73]; p = .004) in those receiving SA‐ACLR compared with standard ACLR. An age‐related heterogeneity in graft failure reduction was detected in the subgroup analysis, which was more pronounced in studies with mean ages of <20 years compared with ≥20 years (p = .05; I2 = 73.9%). No significant difference was observed in nonrevision reoperation or complication rates. No clinically relevant difference was observed in PROMs. SA‐ACLR was associated with a significantly higher RTS rate compared with the standard ACLR (RR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.00–1.24]; p = .04), whereas no significant difference was observed in time to RTS.

Conclusion

SA‐ACLR is associated with a reduced graft failure rate and increased RTS rate compared with standard ACLR without additional reoperations or complications. However, confidence in the evidence is limited by substantial heterogeneity. Future studies with a higher level of evidence are warranted to validate the benefit of SA and to determine the indication for different risk populations.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Rare and Abundant phoD‐Harboring Bacteria Mediate the Mineralization of Organic Phosphorus Fractions in Soil Aggregates During Cut Slope Restoration
Authors: Liu Zongyang , Ai Shenghao , Sheng Meihua , Xiao Jingyao , Pei Fuyun , Ai Yingwei , Jiang Xue , Ai Xiaoyan
Published: November 2024

Phosphorus (P) is the key nutritional element in the soil of cut road slopes undergoing ecological restoration, and the transformation of organic P (Po) is a crucial part of the P cycle. However, the role of phoD‐harboring bacteria in driving the mineralization of Po fractions in road slope soil aggregates is unclear. This study analyzed road slope soils that had undergone 7, 11, and 14 years of restoration in the western Sichuan Plateau of China. We examined the differences and associations between the Po fraction content, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and community composition of rare and abundant phoD‐harboring bacteria in soil aggregates of four particle sizes (0.053–0.25, 0.25–2, 0.053–0.25, and, > 2 mm). The results showed that NaHCO3‐extracted Po (NaHCO3‐Po) content in soil aggregates increased with restoration years, while NaOH‐extracted Po (NaOH‐Po) content decreased. ALP activity in soil aggregates increased with restoration years, but there was no significant relationship between ALP activity with the phoD‐harboring bacterial community. There were significant differences in the composition of rare and abundant phoD‐harboring bacterial communities during slope restoration. Soil moisture, pH, organic carbon, and the C:P ratio in soil aggregates were the primary factors affecting the distribution of the Po fractions and the phoD‐harboring bacterial community. NaHCO3‐Po and NaOH‐Po in soil aggregates were likely the main substrates for ALP‐mediated Po mineralization. More genera were involved in Po mineralization in slope soils restored for 14 years than in soils restored for 7 and 11 years, and rare phoD‐harboring genera were more actively involved in Po mineralization than abundant phoD‐harboring genera. This study provides some theoretical basis for P effectiveness enhancement and P management during slope soil restoration.
Conflicting Consumer Beliefs Influencing Eco‐Innovation Adoption: Motives and Barriers for Accepting the Laser Marking of Organic Products
Authors: Pfiffelmann Jean , Untilov Olga , Thøgersen John , Franck Romain
Published: November 2024

In response to regulatory requirements and consumer demand for sustainable products, producers of organic products are beginning to use laser marking to reduce packaging and, thereby, packaging waste. However, the consumer responses to this “high‐tech” eco‐innovation remain unexplored. Using a mixed‐method approach, we collected qualitative and quantitative data on responses to the laser marking of organic products from 328 French participants. Guided by the theory of consumption values and innovation resistance theory, we conducted a thematic analysis of answers to an open‐ended question which probed consumers' motives for and barriers to adopting laser marking. The most frequently stated motive was ecological benefits, and the most reported barriers were risks and tradition. Structural equation modeling revealed that attitudes toward laser‐marked organic products are positively impacted by social, emotional, and functional values and are negatively impacted by barriers related to images and emotions. Consumers' attitudes toward laser‐marked organic products strongly affect their willingness to buy such products. To increase the acceptance of laser marking, managers and policymakers should mitigate false‐negative consumer perceptions, including doubts about its eco‐friendliness and safety, thereby facilitating greater acceptance of this eco‐innovation.
Global well‐posedness of space‐time fractional diffusion equation with Rockland operator on graded lie group
Authors: Dasgupta Aparajita , Ruzhansky Michael , Tushir Abhilash
Published: November 2024

In this article, we examine the general space‐time fractional diffusion equation for left‐invariant hypoelliptic homogeneous operators on graded Lie groups. Our study covers important examples such as the time fractional diffusion equation, the space‐time fractional diffusion equation when diffusion is under the influence of sub‐Laplacian on the Heisenberg group, or general stratified Lie groups. We establish the global well‐posedness of the Cauchy problem for the general space‐time fractional diffusion equation of the Rockland operator on a graded Lie group in the associated Sobolev spaces and also develop some regularity estimates for it.
Interaction between Dietary Magnesium Intake and Genetic Risk Score on the Risk of Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Cao Xiyu , Lin Lixia , Wu Meng , Liu Jin , Zhong Chunrong , Yang Nianhong
Published: November 2024

Scope

We aim to assess the interaction between genetic risk and magnesium (Mg) intake during pregnancy on the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods and results

Three thousand ninety‐six pregnant women from Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort are involved in our study. One hundred twelve susceptibility genetic variants of diabetes are selected and genotyped through Asian Screening Array bead chip. Mg intake were assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire conducted at gestational weeks 25.1 ± 2.7 before GDM diagnosis. The study identifies 22 variants associated with GDM. Weighted genetic risk score (GRS) based on these 22 SNPs is associated with higher occurrence of GDM. There is an interaction between GRS and Mg intake on GDM risk (p‐interaction = 0.019). Pregnant women with high GRS (≥23.48) and insufficient Mg intake (<370.0 mg d−1) have a 1.74 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02, 2.98) fold risk of GDM after adjusting for potential confounders. No such relationship exists among pregnant women with low GRS (<23.48) (adjusted relative risk [RR] = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.73, 1.92).

Conclusion

Genetic predisposition to GDM is modified by Mg intake. This suggests that clinical nutrition guidance may benefit from being tailored by screening women with high diabetic genetic risk.
The Effect of Superficial Heat–Cold Application on the Sleep Quality of Patients With Restless Leg Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad Mehdi , Ahmadi Maryam , Vaisi Raygani Ali Akbar
Published: November 2024

Aim

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of the superficial heat–cold application on the sleep quality of patients with restless leg syndrome.

Design

This study was a systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

In the present study, the electronic databases Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, PubMed, SID and Google Scholar were searched from their inception to September 2023. The quality of included studies was evaluated through the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Tool, and finally, a meta‐analysis was conducted by calculating standardised mean differences (SMDs).

Results

The meta‐analysis results revealed that superficial heat–cold application improved sleep quality in patients with RLS (SMD = 0.685, 95% CI: 0.421–0.950). The meta‐regression results showed that as the temperature increased, the intervention was more effective in improving sleep quality (β = 0.0182, 95% CI: 0.0096–0.0268, p < 0.05). Moreover, the effectiveness of the intervention in improving the sleep quality of patients with RLS reduced significantly as the duration of intervention in each session (β = −0.031, 95% CI: −0.059 to −0.001, p < 0.05) as well as participants' age increased (β = −0.013, 95% CI: −0.024 to −0.001, p = 0.0259).

Patient or Public Contribution

This research showed that superficial heat–cold application had the capability to improve the sleep quality of patients with restless leg syndrome. In addition, in this study, settings were suggested according to which the maximum effectiveness of the intervention could be achieved.
Memory State‐Feedback Control for a Linear System With Time‐Varying Delay Based on the Tuning Matrix Search Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Yan , Lou Ke , Ge Yuan
Published: November 2024

A multiple augmented Lyapunov function (MALF) is a function that includes more than one augmented matrix, allowing for a more precise evaluation of the relationships between different states within a system and facilitating the analysis of system stability. However, employing multiple augmented matrices can complicate the process of designing controllers. For this issue, this article proposes a controller synthesis algorithm to address the complexity of controller design resulting from multiple augmentation matrices. First, a memory state‐feedback control criterion with tuning matrices is derived by constructing an MALF. Second, a tuning matrix search algorithm is proposed to provide appropriate tuning matrices for the memory state‐feedback control criterion, leading to the determination of optimal controller gains. Finally, the effectiveness and advantage are verified by simulation of load frequency control for in the power system and control for a linear singular time‐delay system.
Exploring the synergistic effects of graphene on the mechanical and vibrational response of kenaf/pineapple fiber‐reinforced hybrid composites
Authors: Dhilipkumar Thulasidhas , Arunpandian Muthuraj , Arumugam Soundhar , Sadeq Abdellatif M. , P Karuppusamy , Oh Tae Hwan , Bahajjaj Aboud Ahmed Awadh , Shankar Karthik V. , Selvakumar Karuppaiah
Published: November 2024

The automotive, aerospace, and sports industries are increasingly utilizing hybrid composites made from natural fiber reinforcements. This study evaluated the performance of a composite made from kenaf and pineapple fibers, manufactured using the compression molding process, with graphene nanoparticles added at varying weight concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt%. Results showed that adding 0.5 wt% graphene increased the tensile, flexural, and impact strength of hybrid composite by 133.75%, 90.24%, and 25.67%, respectively. Microstructural analysis revealed that graphene integration has enhanced the interfacial bond between the fiber and the matrix, creating resin‐rich areas. Furthermore, the free vibrational analysis indicated that graphene‐infused composites exhibited higher natural frequencies, improving their energy‐absorbing capabilities. Water absorption tests demonstrated that the inclusion of graphene reduced water penetration by improving interfacial bonding, minimizing voids, and decreasing surface energy, which limited water pathways in the composite. Furthermore, the composites with 0.5 wt% graphene showed a contact angle of 80.8°, indicating lower hydrophilicity compared to neat composites, which had a contact angle of 70.7°. This research emphasizes the advantages of hybrid composite materials derived from kenaf and pineapple fibers, specifically for applications in vehicle interiors and construction, including wall panels and separators.

Highlights

Hybrid composite was prepared using the compression molding process.

Adding 0.5 wt% graphene improved the mechanical properties of composites.

Hybrid composites with lower wt% graphene had higher natural frequencies.

The composites with 0.5 wt% graphene had better water absorption properties.
An Integrative Strategy for Discriminating Quality Markers of Tibetan Medicine Chebulae Fructus Based on Multidimensional Feature Network
Authors: Li Qian‐Qian , Chen Juan
Published: November 2024

Chebulae Fructus (TCF) is a traditional Chinese medicine and Tibetan medicine with high medicinal value, but its quality control indicators still need clarification. In this study, a strategy was proposed to specify the quality markers (Q‐markers) of TCF by constructing a multidimensional feature network that includes dimensions of effectiveness, content, traceability, and specificity. Network pharmacology analysis was performed to validate the effectiveness of the chemical constituents in TCF through creating a TCF–component–disease–target–pathway network. By combining fingerprints analysis with UPLC‐QTOF‐MS, 17 differential components were identified among 19 batches of TCF samples. Serum pharmacochemical analysis on rats identified seven prototype components absorbed into the blood. The scores for the four dimensions were calculated using these identified components as candidates, and a multidimensional feature network based on the “spider‐web” model was constructed. Ultimately, chebulinic acid, ellagic acid, chebulagic acid, methyl gallate, gallic acid, chebulic acid, and trigalloylglucose were clarified as Q‐markers of TCF. These Q‐markers screened out in this study are closely linked to the efficacy of TCF and can serve as indicator components for quality control of TCF.
Crystallization, thermal, and compatibility performances of poly (butylene succinate) (PBS)/poly((R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐(R) 3‐hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) blends
Authors: Li Yanbo , Yu Jinsuo , Wei Deyu , Liu Chengkai , Zhao Yan , Bian Junjia , Sun Shulin , Pan Hongwei , Yang Huili , Han Lijing , Zhang Huiliang
Published: November 2024

Biodegradable materials provide protective properties comparable to conventional plastics while diminishing reliance on nonrenewable resources. Environmentally friendly polymer blends were prepared by melting poly(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐(R)‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) with poly (butylene succinate) (PBS). PBS was synthesized through esterification and polycondensation using 1,4‐butanediol and succinic acid, with tetrabutyltitanate as the catalyst. The PHBHHx is supplied by Bulepha®PHA Company of China, model number BP330. The effects of PHBHHx content on thermal behavior, compatibility, and thermal stability of PBS/PHBHHx blends were systematically investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that the addition of PHBHHx influenced the crystallization behavior, the crystallization temperature (Tc) of PBS decreased meanwhile, the crystallization half‐time of PBS is reduced to 1.5 min compared with neat PBS (5 min) after isothermal is crystallized at 95°C. Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM) images also revealed that crystallization rate accelerated in the blend with increasing PHBHHx content. Rheological and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated that incorporating a significant content of PHBHHx reduced compatibility between PBS and PHBHHx. Mechanical property testing indicates that the addition of PHBHHx reduced the toughness of blends. Additionally, the addition of a small amount of PHBHHx imparts a higher crystallinity (56%) and heat resistance of the PBS/PHBHHx blends (78°C) was higher than neat PBS (74°C).

Highlights

Laboratory synthesis of high molecular weight PBS.

Optimal ratios improved crystallinity and thermal stability of blends.

A systematic study of the crystallization properties of blends.
Advances in the restoration of CFTR in children and pwCF with “mild disease”
Authors: Cohen‐Cymberknoh Malena
Published: November 2024

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a progressive genetic disorder, with lung disease being the main cause of morbidity and mortality. While advances in treatment have extended life expectancy, lung function still declines over time. Early inflammation and chronic infection, particularly with pseudomonas, worsen outcomes. Current management focuses on nutrition, airway clearance and infection control, but CFTR modulators directly target the genetic defect, improving lung function and reducing pulmonary exacerbations. Early use of CFTR modulators can alter the course of the disease.
Respiratory Outcomes of Interrupted Modulator Therapies in Children With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Oztosun Berrak , Baskan Azer Kilic , Arslan Huseyin , Korkmaz Cigdem , Collak Abdulhamit , Cokugras Haluk , Sakalli Ayse Ayzit Kilinc
Published: November 2024

Background

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystemic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, resulting in defective synthesis or function of the CFTR protein. Historically, CF treatment focused on managing symptoms and complications. Fortunately, modulator drugs are now available to directly target the defective CFTR protein. However, in some countries, such as Turkey, these drugs are not covered by social insurance. Consequently, many CF patients face barriers to accessing modulatory therapies or must interrupt their treatment. This study demonstrates the impact of interrupting modulator therapy on pulmonary function, emphasizing the need for uninterrupted continuous treatment.

Methods

In this study, 39 CF patients receiving elexacaftor‐tezacaftor‐ivacaftor (ETI) at our clinic were retrospectively analyzed. Among the patients, 18 experienced one or more interruptions, ranging from 15 to 210 days during ETI treatment. We analyzed pulmonary function test results from 27 interruption periods.

Results

At the beginning of the interruption, the mean percent predicted FEV1 (ppFEV1) was 69.59% ± 25.87%, which decreased to 64.96% ± 24.52% by the end of the interruption. There was a significant decrease with a mean change of 4.62 ± 8.49 (p = 0.008). However, no significant correlation was found between the interruption duration and FEV1 change.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that pulmonary functions are adversely affected by interruption periods, regardless of their duration. Even short interruptions have a significant impact on pulmonary functions. This underscores the need for uninterrupted continuation of modulatory treatment and for improved policies to ensure equitable access to treatment.
Multidimensional Quantum Generative Modeling by Quantum Hartley Transform
Authors: Wu Hsin‐Yu , Elfving Vincent E. , Kyriienko Oleksandr
Published: November 2024

An approach for building quantum models based on the exponentially growing orthonormal basis of Hartley kernel functions is developed. First, a differentiable Hartley feature map parameterized by real‐valued argument that enables quantum models suitable for solving stochastic differential equations and regression problems is designed. Unlike the naturally complex Fourier encoding, the proposed Hartley feature map circuit leads to quantum states with real‐valued amplitudes, introducing an inductive bias and natural regularization. Next, a quantum Hartley transform circuit is proposed as a map between computational and Hartley basis. The developed paradigm is applied to generative modeling from solutions of stochastic differential equations, and utilize the quantum Hartley transform for fine sampling from parameterized distributions through an extended register. Finally, the capability of multivariate quantum generative modeling is demonstrated for both correlated and uncorrelated distributions. As a result, the developed quantum Hartley‐based generative models (QHGMs) offer a distinct quantum approach to generative AI at increasing scale.