bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectives From the Past for the Federal Reserve’s Monetary Policy and Communication
Authors: Kovanen Arto
Published: January 2019

In this paper we analyze the Federal Reserve’s policy and communication patterns during earlier tightening cycles to gain perspectives into the Federal Reserve’s post-financial crisis monetary policy decisions and communication practices. While each interest rate cycle is unique, as is evident in the post-financial crisis normalization episode, there are regularities that could help inform us about future policy directions. In the post-financial period, the Federal Reserve has placed a great deal of emphasis on policy communication, in particular on its forward guidance, to minimize ambiguity about the future direction of monetary policy. We examine forward guidance during the earlier interest rate cycles and identify some common elements in the Federal Reserve’s communication practices, which would be useful in interpreting the Federal Reserve’s policy actions. This leads us to conclude that it would not be uncharacteristic for the Federal Reserve to suspend its campaign of raising interest rate at this stage of the normalization process, even if inflation risk remains. This underscored the importance of judgment in policy decisions, in part due to uncertainty about the neutral rate of interest, which is a benchmark that the Federal Reserve frequently refers to. In addition, historical trends in economic variables reveal patterns that could assist in evaluating the Federal Reserve’s current and future policy decisions.
The Effects of a Peer-Delivered Writing Planning Intervention for Struggling Fifth Graders
Authors: Grünke Matthias
Published: January 2019

Good writing skills are vital to success in school and, later, in the workplace. However, many elementary andsecondary students fail to invest sufficient time and effort in planning what they want to write and, consequently,produce texts of inferior quality. One approach to help struggling children and adolescents acquire effective writingplanning abilities is called story-mapping. In this single-case study, the story-mapping method was applied in apeer-tutorial setting to help three low-achieving fifth graders brainstorm their ideas and organize their thoughts priorto composing a narrative. During the course of the intervention, all tutees were able to significantly increase thenumber of words that they generated to write their texts. The study demonstrated that peer-tutoring can besuccessfully implemented to combat deficiencies in writing planning skills and help struggling students to improvetheir performance in a meaningful way.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environment and Natural Resources Research, Vol. 8, No. 3
Authors: Lin Emily
Published: January 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environment and Natural Resources Research, Vol. 8, No. 3, 2018
Development of an Automated Real-Time System for Soil Temperature and Moisture Measurement
Authors: Diniz Anibal Mantovani , Boas Márcio Antonio Vilas , Remor Marcelo Bevilacqua , Siqueira Jair Antonio Cruz , Tokura Luciene Kazue
Published: January 2019

This trial goes along with irrigation systems based on the development and use of free software and hardware for direct measurements of soil moisture and temperature throughout the plant cycle. Thus, irrigation systems can optimize water use during the process at lower cost regarding TDR application. Four humidity sensors were used: one was resistive, and three capacitors were interconnected in a mesh network system. Thus, this research was carried out in laboratory and the studied soil was characterized as a typical dystroferric Red Latosol (Oxisol) with very clayey texture (66%). Soil clods were undone and dried in a greenhouse, then divided in 20 containers with addition of known volumes of water in each one. A network of mesh-type node sensors has been developed based on Arduino technology to read and transmit data to a single gateway. The sensor node was designed and built with Arduino Nano, radio NRF24L01, capacitive sensors of type SHT20 and DHT22, in addition to FC-28 that is resistive. The system also featured a Real Time Clock DS1302, three photovoltaic cells and circuit battery charger. Domoticz software was used to store data and make them available on a server connected to the internet. Cubic modeling was one of the results of the relation among each sensor, TDR and the greenhouse method. The resistive sensor showed very close values to the TDR in its model as well as the set of the monitoring system showed low cost in relation to TDR.
Evaluation of a Prototype for Water Heating in Agroindustries Using Foucault Current
Authors: Schlichting Marcos Vinícius , Nogueira Carlos Eduardo Camargo , Baricatti Reinaldo Aparecido , Assis Tatiane Martins de , Siqueira Jair Antonio Cruz
Published: January 2019

Based on the observation of the effects of energy generation on climate change, efforts have been carried out to develop technologies to reduce polluting energy sources. In this context, the rational use and improvement of the efficiency of water heating systems can play an important role, contributing to lower energy consumption. This study evaluated a prototype for water heating for use in agroindustry. The prototype was designed for a possible utilization of mechanical energy in order to change the magnetic flux produced by permanent magnets, generating thermal energy by Foucault currents. This system presented yields of 64.74%, 65.13% and 64.48% for the rotor configurations with six magnets without pole reversal (6ISI), four magnets with reversal (4ICI), and four magnets without reversal (4ISI), respectively. For comparison purposes, a resistive water heating system was also evaluated for the same study conditions, obtaining an efficiency of 89.21%. The proposed inductive system did not present satisfactory results for constructive conditions presented in the study.
Performance Comparison Between a Natural and a Commercial Antioxidant on Smoked Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)
Authors: Cassol Luzilene A. , Almeida Filho Edivaldo S. de , Oliveira Anderson C. S. de
Published: January 2019

Fish consumption has grown in Brazil, but the lack of diversification in the offer of processed products restricts this eating habit. Moreover, the fact that industrialized products contain chemical additives threatens the image of fish as a healthy protein. Thus, the present study proposes not only to develop a product with antioxidant action, but also to apply it and compare it with a commercial antioxidant added to smoked pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) ribs. For this purpose, a meal was produced from the pulp of ‘jatobá’ (Hymenaea courbaril) fruit and its total phenolic content and antioxidant potential were tested. After its antioxidant power was proven, an experiment with 90 samples was carried out to test six storage times and five meal concentrations as a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial arrangement. Phase 2 was conducted with the most indicated concentration of the product, which was applied to 360 samples in a CRD with a factorial arrangement in which the factors corresponded to six storage times and two types of antioxidant (natural: jatobá meal; and commercial: butylated hydroxytoluene [BHT]) plus a control treatment. Microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory analyses were used for the evaluation. Results showed that the jatobá meal was effective as an antioxidant at the concentration of 4.5% to ensure a shelf life of 5 days under refrigerated storage, whereas BHT (100 mg/g) provided a shelf life of 10 days to the product and the treatment without antioxidant resulted in a shelf life of one day.
Development of a Device to Pulping Fruits of Bocaiuva (Acrocomia aculeate sp.): Intended for the Communities that Practice Sustainable Agriculture or Strativism
Authors: Chuba Carlos Alberto Machado , Silva Ramon Eduardo Pereira , Santos Andrea Cristina dos , Sanjinez-Argandoña Eliana Janet
Published: January 2019

Bocaiuva (Acrocomia aculeata) fruit pulp has high potential for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications and in the biofuel industry, however, the main hindrance for these applications is the availability of pulp in sufficient quantity. The pulp of this fruit is usually supplied by rural communities where the processors use manual pulping, which is not only time-consuming but yields product of low quality. Therefore, the objective of this work was to design, fabricate and evaluate the efficiency of an experimental bench device for pulping bocaiuva fruits. The bench device was designed to be compact and easy to operate, consisting of three units (processing, secondary, and peripheral) with intermittent operation and pulping performed by shearing. The performance evaluation of the machine was carried out with fruit dehydrated at 70 ºC and different times of dehydration (6, 12 and 24 hours). The pulp weight was evaluated every 15 seconds during the pulping process period (150 seconds). The highest pulping efficiency (96%) was obtained with fruits that were dehydrated for 24 hours, with a 120-second pulping, which resulted in a production rate of 5.5 kg h-1 This high efficiency makes this mechanized prototype effective for pulping bocaiuva fruits and, thus, it can replace manual pulping, especially in rural communities involved with the bocaiuva production chain.
Identification of Early Tomato Fruit Ripening Loci by QTL-seq
Authors: Ruangrak E. , Du Yongchen , Htwe Nang Myint Phyu Sin , Pimorat Pimpan , Gao Jianchang
Published: January 2019

QTL-seq has been successfully studied in identifying major QTLs, markers, and candidate genes associated with traits that are important for crop improvement. Tomato earliness is an economically important trait and is a major current research focus recently. This paper reports the identification of tomato early ripening fruit locus facilitated by QTL-seq using a novel next-generation sequencing technology. Two DNA pools of phenotypes of F2 offspring from crosses between the Bone ММ (early ripening fruit, P1) and 071-440 (late ripening fruit, P2) cultivars of (Solanum lycopersicum) were bulked for sequencing and alignment analysis. Sequencing results revealed 434 SNP markers on chromosome 11, a candidate QTL at position 52,048,208 bp (named er-fruit) and a candidate gene, Solyc11g071510.1.1. The “er-fruit” as confirmed by the traditional QTL method was related to the early fruit ripening trait in tomato. Additionally, BLAST analysis to known homologies for Solyc11g071510.1.1 gene encodes glycoside hydrolases (GHs). GHs are functionally associated with cell wall degradation, fruit softening and ripening. Thus, GHs may be important in fruit softening, stimulating early fruit ripening in tomato. Our results confirmed that QTL-seq is effective method to identify candidate QTL loci, candidate genes and candidate markers.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Mechanical Engineering Research, Vol. 8, No. 2
Authors: Bai Lenna
Published: January 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Mechanical Engineering Research, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2018
Martha Nussbaums Anger and Forgiveness
Authors: Claessen Jacques
Published: January 2019

Martha Nussbaum’s Anger and Forgiveness – On retribution and forgiveness and on anger and love

In this article the author discusses the book Anger and Forgiveness written by the well-known and influential American philosopher Martha Nussbaum. In the opinion of the author Anger and Forgiveness is a provocative and challenging book. In the book, Nussbaum makes a distinction between conditional and unconditional forgiveness, she relates conditional forgiveness to the logic of retribution and she disapproves retribution and, by extension, conditional forgiveness on moral grounds. Her disapproval of retribution and conditional forgiveness is related to her disapproval of (vindictive) anger, which in her opinion is intrinsic part of retribution and conditional forgiveness. According to Nussbaum, anger – transitional anger excluded – has to be replaced by unconditional love; only conduct that stems from unconditional love can be qualified as moral. Sometimes unconditional forgiveness can be seen as a form of unconditional love. Subsequently, Nussbaum applies her ideas on anger, retribution, forgiveness and love to the political domain, to which also criminal law belongs. Nussbaum pleads for a criminal law system empty of anger and retribution; in Nussbaum’s criminal law system there is only room for prevention, grace and human welfare – all stemming of unconditional love. Nussbaum’s Anger and Forgiveness offers an alternative view on concepts such as anger, retribution, forgiveness and love, concepts which are important within the context of criminal law and restorative justice. The author argues that, although the reader can certainly learn from Nussbaum’s ideas as explained in Anger and Forgiveness, the radicality of her ideas inevitably causes criticism; Nussbaum holds a very idealistic perspective that neglects the human condition. Instead of ruling out anger and retribution, the author advocates a criminal law system that is capable of canalizing anger and transforming vindictive anger into transitional anger. Furthermore, he pleads for a criminal law system that makes forgiveness possible without forcing victims to forgive. For that reason restorative justice practices need to be incorporated into the criminal law system. In sum, to a certain extent Nussbaum and Claessen share the same moral ideals, but they disagree on the path leading tot those ideals. Where Nussbaum opts for a top-down approach, Claessen opts for a bottom-up approach which respects the human condition.
MOSAICS FALL APART IN DIFFERENT WAYS: EXPLORING VARIATION IN COMMUNICATION BREAKDOWN PATTERNS IN THREE APHASIC PATIENTS
Authors: Chatzopoulos Georgios , Loutrari Ariadne , Díaz–Martínez Félix , Kouki Evgenia-Peristera , Proios Hariklia
Published: January 2019

In addition to linguistic impairments, the cognitive underpinnings of pragmatic abilities in aphasic individuals can be severely compromised. Impairments include incoherent discourse and other speech organization deficits. At the same time, preserved pragmatic patterns reveal communicative abilities that can go unnoticed if only standardized screening tests are used. Conversational Partners also appear to play a role in mitigating compromised linguistic ability. Although some tools assessing the communicative abilities of neurological patients have been recently employed, the question of whether pragmatic performance declines in consistent patterns remains poorly understood.

We applied the Pragmatic Evaluation Protocol – Revised (PREP-R) to video-recorded interviews of Greek individuals with aphasia, presented here as separate case studies. The tool offers a detailed account of pragmatic ability across 29 distinct categories and consists of three distinct subcomponents, namely enunciative pragmatics, textual pragmatics, and interactional pragmatics.

Our results showed considerable variation in the performance of each patient and across our three aphasic patients. We also found that the role of the Key Conversational Partner was critical to effective communication, in line with previous research.

As the communication repertoire of each of our participants was found to be highly idiosyncratic, we propose that further research should shift away from the mere evaluation of isolated verbal abilities.
Od „Kliniki Laryngo-Otjatrycznej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego” do „Kliniki Otolaryngologii WUM”. Dzieje nazwy Kliniki Otolaryngologii w Warszawie
Authors: Bruzgielewicz Antoni , Bartoszewicz Robert , Krupowies Walentyna , Osuch-Wójcikiewicz Ewa , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: January 2019

Obecna nazwa Kliniki Otolaryngologii Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu
Medycznego funkcjonuje najprawdopodobniej od około
30 lat, jednak w swojej prawie stuletniej historii przybierała ona
wieloraką postać. Również otorynolaryngologia jako odrębna
specjalność kształtowała się przez długie dziesięciolecia. Trzy
fundamentalne działy chorób z zakresu otorynolaryngologii,
czyli choroby uszu, nosa oraz gardła i krtani, długo funkcjonowały
osobno, tylko czasem traktowano je łącznie, a zdarzało
się, że włączano do działu chirurgii. Za przykład mogą służyć
artykuły zamieszczane w „Gazecie Lekarskiej” w ostatnich dwu
dziesięcioleciach XIX wieku. W roku 1883 w dziale chirurgii
umieszczono pracę J. Mikulicza nt. „Przyczynki do plastycznej
chirurgii nosa”, a w dziale otyjatryja [pisownia oryginalna z
czasopisma] pracę T. Heimana „O głuchocie udanej i sposobu
rozpoznawania takowej” [1]. W roku 1898 pojawiła się w spisie
treści otiatria i laryngologia, a w 1901 również rhinologia
[2, 3]. Zmianie w języku polskim ulegała też pisownia każdej
części otorynolaryngologii, a szczególnie otologii ‒ otyjatryja
(1883), otiatria (1898), otyatrya (1901) czy otjatria [1, 2, 3]. Ta
ostatnia znalazła się w pierwotnej nazwie Kliniki.
The role of small and intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channels in endothelial-dependent hyperpolarization in physiology and arterial hypertension
Authors: Kloza Monika , Baranowska-Kuczko Marta , Karpińska Olga , Kozłowska Hanna
Published: January 2019

The endothelium plays a crucial role in modulating vascular tone by synthesizing and releasing
endothelium-derived relaxing factors, including nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin I2 (PGI2).
Additionally, endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) that is NO – and PGI2–independent
participates in the relaxation of small-diameter blood vessels (<300 μm). EDH response is
initiated by agonists (e.g. acetylcholine, bradykinin) – or shear stress – induced increase of
calcium ions level in the endothelium and involves opening of the endothelial small (KCa2.3)
and intermediate conductance (KCa3.1) calcium-activated potassium channels. The efflux of
potassium ions could elicit the hyperpolarization of the surrounding myocytes by the activation
of the inward-rectifier potassium ion channel (KIR) and/or Na+/K+-ATPase. The reduced
release and/or bioavailability of NO, which is characteristic for endothelial dysfunction and
may result in arterial hypertension, stimulate the generation of EDH signals, as a compensatory
mechanism to maintain the endothelial control of vasodilator tone. The contribution of EDH
in endothelium-dependent relaxation varies between vascular beds, animal and experimental
model. In arterial hypertension the reduced expression/activity of KCa3.1 and KCa2.3 results
in impaired vasorelaxation. Currently, the use of modulatory compounds (activators and
inhibitors) of KCa3.1 and KCa2.3 as the potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases
is under intensive investigation. It has already been known that application of activators of
KCa3.1 and KCa2.3 potassium channels such (as SKA-31) can improve the EDH-type responses,
the endothelial function and decrease mean arterial blood pressure. This may suggest the
usefulness of these compounds in the treatment of arterial hypertension.
Criminal Legislation at the Time of Poland’s Regaining Independence
Authors: Świerczewska-Gąsiorowska Anna
Published: January 2019

The third partition of Poland, and thus the collapse of the Polish state, spontaneously forced a situation in which the legal orders of the partitioning states came into force almost immediately on Polish lands. In the lands divided between Prussia, Russia and Austria, legal acts of the partitioning states came into force with a strong influence of models derived from French legislation. The Polish lands which came under Austrian rule found themselves in the reality, in which the Austrian legislator
conducted codification works on the new penal code, which resulted in the fact that in 1787 the penal code of Joseph II, called Josephine, became binding. As early as 1803, a penal code was introduced in Poland, which was under Austrian rule, under the name of the Book of Laws on Crimes and Serious Police Crimes called Franciscan. In the German annexation there was the Prussian Landrecht, which was characterized by a current far removed from the European science of law. On the territory of the former Duchy of Warsaw a Penal Code for the Kingdom of Poland was introduced. In Russia in 1903, the Tagantsev’s Code came into force, which
in its systematics divided crimes according to their gravity into crimes and misdemeanours and clearly separated minor offences. The characteristics of criminal legislation until 1918 made it possible to show the enormity of the work of the Codification Commission, the aim of which, after Poland regained independence, was to create a uniform and coherent Polish legal system, not only in terms of social life standards, but also in the area of the catalogue of its areas.
Professional Ethics of Officers Responsible for Security and Public Order in the Light of Empirical Research
Authors: Fałdowski Marek
Published: January 2019

The values and patterns of behavior of officers of the pre-war State Police find their reference in today’s rules of professional ethics for both policemen and officers in charge of public security and order. It is not without significance for today’s Police that the duty of an officer of the State Police to take control, both in the service and in private life, with the commandments that confirmed him in need to help those in need. Appealing to the values that are the foundation of the service is combined with the knowledge of the basic terms used in ethics. Determining whether the values raised in today’s service are not alien to police officers justifies the
scientific exploration of the problem area in the title of the study. The article presents partial results of a survey carried out at the Police Academy in Szczytno on a group of policemen studying or undertaking vocational training, which refer to the issue discussed. Their goal was to determine, among others knowledge of the principles of professional ethics in force in the Police and the sources of their knowledge about these principles. In addition, the article attempts to diagnose standards that Polish policemen are guided by, among others by indicating the state of their knowledge in terms of attitudes and values that they should follow in their daily service.
Ethical Traditions of the Polish Police
Authors: Wiszowaty Edward , Zellma Anna
Published: January 2019

Ethical traditions of the Polish police are directly related to the history of this uniformed service. Starting from the interwar period until the present day, with the exception of the communist times when the State Police was replaced by the Citizen’s Militia, ethics has played an important role in the work of law enforcers. It provides basic principles, resulting from universal moral values, without which it is impossible to serve society and the homeland responsibly. The specificity of the professional ethics of this uniformed agency is directly related to its service-oriented character, based on intensive and often difficult interpersonal contacts.
The present times witness the emergence of new challenges in the area of good standards of police ethics. In order to better recognize the ethical standards and see their importance in the work of the Polish police, it is worth referring to the standards of the State Police. They were a kind of quintessence of police officers’ moral and professional duties. They were based on such values as: God, Homeland, honour, truth, conscientiousness, responsibility, justice, reticence in speech, friendliness and obedience to the orders of superiors. These values are timeless and still topical, even in our modern times. Resignation from the above mentioned values may result in police officers pretending to respect ethical principles in their work, which was evident in the activities of the Citizen’s Militia. Therefore, the above fully justifies police efforts undertaken after 1990, which are expressed not only as concern for reliably developed legal regulations and operational directives to be followed while performing official duties, but also as compliance with the principles of police ethics, which are based on universal values (including the protection of human life and health, respect for human dignity, truth, responsibility and patriotism). This goal is to be achieved both through education on basic training and specialist courses, as well as thanks to police priests’ work.
Correlation of Allred Score with Tumor Behavior in Breast Cancer Patients Referred to Shahid-Mohammadi Hospital From 2010 to 2017
Authors: Atashab Parvar Ali , Salari Baghoon Abad Sara , Abbasi Toba , Boushehri Elham
Published: January 2019

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women around the world, which makes it essential to identify the behavior of tumors regarding cost-effectiveness and highly diagnostic methods. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between Allred score and tumor behavior in breast cancer patients. Methods: This study was performed on 100 patients with breast cancer. The following data were obtained for each participant: Patient satisfaction and demographic data, tumor size, tumor grade, lymph node involvement and histology of tumor, and Allred score. Chi-square, T student and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used to compare the data. Results: The results of this study showed that Allred score based on PR and ER had a reverse and significant correlation with tumor size (P < 0.05). On the other hand, Allred negative findings were found to be higher in patients with lymph nodes involvement (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Considering the benefits and potentials of Allred score based on PR and ER in detecting tumor behavior and according to the high prevalence of breast cancer, it is suggested for the results of this study to be provided to specialists from different health centers to improve the correct prediction of tumor behavior.
Introducción a la doctrina constitucional sobre actos de comunicación
Authors: Martín González Marina
Published: January 2019

En el presente trabajo llevaremos a cabo un estudio en profundidad de la jurisprudencia constitucional sobre los actos de comunicación, explicando en qué medida el respeto de la normas procesales que rigen la práctica de las notificaciones, en especial, el primer emplazamiento del demandado, garantizan la salvaguarda del derecho de defensa._________________The main purpose of this research is to develop an in-depth study of the constitutional jurisprudence about the service of documents, explaining in what way the respect to the procedural rules which govern the practice of these acts, especially the first serve, guarantee the safeguard of the right of defense
El acogedor y guardador hacia una refundición de funciones del acogimiento temporal
Authors: Abad Arenas Encarnación
Published: January 2019

En el presente trabajo se analiza la repercusión que ha tenido el nuevo artículo 303. 1 CC modificado por Ley 26/2015, de 28 de julio, haciéndose un especial hincapié en el refuerzo que ha supuesto para el régimen jurídico de la guarda de hecho, ya que se agiliza una medida en pro de la protección de menores de edad y personas con discapacidad. También, se alude a las carencias de respuesta que presente esta reforma respecto de los requerimientos del sistema de apoyos de la Convención de Naciones Unidas de las personas con discapacidad, así como a las contradicciones que presenta. Asimismo, nos detenemos en la incidencia que han tenido las últimas modificaciones legislativas en la simplificación de la constitución del acogimiento familiar, en la concreción de las distintas modalidades de acogimiento vigentes en la actualidad. Para finalizar, se analizan, entre otros, los derechos y deberes del acogedor y de los menores acogidos y, se incide en los requisitos de idoneidad.__________________In this paper analysed the impact that has had the new article 303. 1 CC amended by Law 26/2015, de 28 de july, making a special emphasis in the reinforcement that it has meant for the legal regime of the guardian in fact, because it speeds up a measure in pro the protection of minors and people with disabilities. Also, reference is made to the shortcomings of response that presents this reform with respect to the requirements of the system of supports of the United Nations Convention of persons with disabilities, as well as the contradictions that presented. Also, we stop in the incidence who have had the latest legislative amendments in the simplification the Constitution of the family Foster care, in the realization of the various forms of current foster care today. Finally, is analysed, among others, the rights and duties of the cozy and the minors and, it affects in the suitability requirements.
Eastern influences of the figure of Marcel Proust and precedents to a comparison between À la recherche du temps perdu and Buddhism
Authors: Nava Gutiérrez David
Published: January 2019

The present study looks for influences from the East in the figure of Marcel Proust. Specifically, from the philosophy that is born from the sermons of Siddhartha Gotama known worldwide as buddhism. After the publication of several articles by some commentators of À la recherche du temps perdu in which it is said that Proust and Buddha have common features, we wanted to focus on the life and work of Proust and to confirm whether the French writer was indeed influenced by these exotic truths and to culminate his work, like Buddha, in an Enlightenment. We will also bring together here the work of these Proustian commentators, since they have not previously been grouped together in a single investigation, just as their proposals on this subject have never been evaluated.
Adaptive diversity of beech seedlings under climate change scenarios
Authors: Varsamis Georgios , Papageorgiou Aristotelis C , Merou Theodora , Takos Ioannis , Malesios Chrisovalantis , Manolis Apostolos , Tsiripidis Ioannis , Gailing Oliver
Published: January 2019

The ability of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) populations to adapt to the ongoing climate change is crucial for the maintenance of economic and social benefits and for the conservation of biodiversity in Europe and especially in the southeastern part of the continent, where environmental change is expected to be more intense. Beech populations in the region cover multiple ecological conditions at a small geographical range and have a complex biogeographical background involving several postglacial lineages originating from distant or local refugia. In this study, we tested the existing adaptive potential of eight beech populations from two provenances in N.E. Greece (Evros and Drama), under simulated controlled climate change conditions in a growth chamber and in the field. In the growth chamber, simulated conditions of temperature and precipitation for the year 2050 were applied for three years, under two different irrigation schemes, a non-frequent (A1) and a frequent one (A2). Seedling survival, growth and leaf phenological traits were used as adaptive traits. The results showed that beech seedlings were generally able to survive under climate change conditions and showed adaptive differences among provenances and populations. Furthermore, beech genotypes demonstrated an impressive phenotypic plasticity by changing the duration of their growing season allowing them to avoid environmental stress and high selection pressure. Different populations and provenances were connected with different adaptation strategies, that relate mainly to the temporal distribution patterns of precipitation and temperature, rather than the average annual or monthly values of these measures. Additionally, different adaptive strategies appeared among beech seedlings when the same amount of water was distributed differently within each month. This indicates that the physiological response mechanisms of beech individuals are very complex and depend on several interacting parameters. For this reason, the choice of beech provenances for translocation and use in afforestation or reforestation projects should consider the small scale ecotypic diversity of the species and view multiple environmental and climatic parameters in connection to each other.
The Psychology of Attention
Authors: Pashler Harold
Published: January 2019

In the past two decades, attention has been one of the most investigated areas of research in perception and cognition. However, the literature on the field contains a bewildering array of findings, and empirical progress has not been matched by consensus on major theoretical issues. The Psychology of Attention presents a systematic review of the main lines of research on attention; the topics range from perception of threshold stimuli to memory storage and decision making. The book develops empirical generalizations about the major issues and suggests possible underlying theoretical principles.

Pashler argues that widely assumed notions of processing resources and automaticity are of limited value in understanding human information processing. He proposes a central bottleneck for decision making and memory retrieval, and describes evidence that distinguishes this limitation from perceptual limitations and limited-capacity short-term memory.

Bradford Books imprint
Representation and Recognition in Vision
Authors: Edelman Shimon
Published: January 2019

Shimon Edelman bases a comprehensive approach to visual representation on the notion of correspondence between proximal (internal) and distal similarities in objects.

Researchers have long sought to understand what the brain does when we see an object, what two people have in common when they see the same object, and what a "seeing" machine would need to have in common with a human visual system. Recent neurobiological and computational advances in the study of vision have now brought us close to answering these and other questions about representation.

In Representation and Recognition in Vision, Shimon Edelman bases a comprehensive approach to visual representation on the notion of correspondence between proximal (internal) and distal similarities in objects. This leads to a computationally feasible and formally veridical representation of distal objects that addresses the needs of shape categorization and can be used to derive models of perceived similarity.

Edelman first discusses the representational needs of various visual recognition tasks, and surveys current theories of representation in this context. He then develops a theory of representation that is related to Shepard's notion of second-order isomorphism between representations and their targets. Edelman goes beyond Shepard by specifying the conditions under which the representations can be made formally veridical. Edelman assesses his theory's performance in identification and categorization of 3D shapes and examines it in light of psychological and neurobiological data concerning the object-processing stream in primate vision. He also discusses the connections between his theory and other efforts to understand representation in the brain.

Bradford Books imprint
First-Year Experience Implementing an Adaptive Learning Platform for First- and Second-Year Medical Students at the Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine
Authors: Hudder Alice , Tackett Sean , Moscatello Kim
Published: January 2019

Context

The Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM) is a large, diverse medical school spread across 3 campuses, which makes it challenging to deliver comparable learning experiences to all students. Osmosis is a Web and mobile application that can integrate with a variety of existing curricula and, through its content creation and sharing features, can foster student cohesion in an online environment.

Objective

To analyze the first year of use for the Osmosis platform among LECOM students at each campus and to identify barriers to this use.

Methods

Medical education at LECOM is delivered across 3 campus locations using 3 main pathways: the lecture-discussion, problem-based learning, and directed-study pathways. Beginning in the 2016-2017 academic year, all LECOM first-year medical students could use the Osmosis platform free of charge; second-year students were informed about the platform but were required to pay for a subscription. For all students, engagement metrics were tracked within the platform, and periodic student surveys and informal student feedback supplemented these metrics.

Results

Of 1135 LECOM students, 567 (50%) signed up for an account, including 416 (73%) of 573 first-year and 151 (27%) of 562 second-year students. In aggregate, students created 17,901 items and answered 123,050 practice questions and flashcards. Student use of the platform varied considerably, with the highest use at the Erie campus, where the platform was championed by faculty, and among a portion of second-year students preparing for board examinations. Some students were “superusers”; 2 students completed more than 20,000 items, and 5 created more than 1000 items each. The greatest barriers to use of the platform were preferences for previous study methods and lack of time to learn new study habits.

Conclusion

Although the use of the platform across LECOM campuses was uneven, it was greatest when there was overt support by faculty and when students were already motivated to use the platform. The lessons learned during the first year of the program will be used to improve use of the platform. The authors offer their insights into this new technology.
Influence of substrate types and morphological traits on movement behavior in a toad and newt species
Authors: Trochet Audrey , Le Chevalier Hugo , Calvez Olivier , Ribéron Alexandre , Bertrand Romain , Blanchet Simon
Published: January 2019

Background

Inter-patch movements may lead to genetic mixing, decreasing both inbreeding and population extinction risks, and is hence a crucial aspect of amphibian meta-population dynamics. Traveling through heterogeneous landscapes might be particularly risky for amphibians. Understanding how these species perceive their environment and how they move in heterogeneous habitats is an essential step in explaining metapopulation dynamics and can be important for predicting species’ responses to climate change and for conservation policy and management.

Methods

Using an experimental approach, the present study focused on the movement behavior (crossing speed and number of stops) on different substrates mimicking landscape components (human-made and natural substrates) in two amphibian species contrasting in locomotion mode: the common toad (Bufo bufo), a hopping and burrowing anuran and the marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus), a walking salamander. We tested the hypothesis that species reaction to substrate is dependent on specific ecological requirements or locomotion modes because of morphological and behavioral differences.

Results

In both species, substrate type influenced individual crossing speed, with individuals moving faster on soil than on concrete substrate. We also demonstrated that long-legged individuals moved faster than individuals with short legs. In both species, the number of stops was higher in females than in males. In common toads, the number of stops did not vary between substrates tested, whereas in marbled newts the number of stops was higher on concrete than on soil substrate.

Discussion

We highlighted that concrete substrate (mimicking roads) negatively affect the crossing speed of both studied species, with an effect potentially higher in marbled newts. Our findings corroborate negative effects of such heterogeneous landscapes on movement behavior of two amphibian species, which may have implications for the dynamics of metapopulations.
Microbiota variations inCulex nigripalpusdisease vector mosquito of West Nile virus and Saint Louis Encephalitis from different geographic origins
Authors: Duguma Dagne , Hall Michael W. , Smartt Chelsea T. , Debboun Mustapha , Neufeld Josh D.
Published: January 2019

Although mosquito microbiota are known to influence reproduction, nutrition, disease transmission, and pesticide resistance, the relationship between host-associated microbial community composition and geographical location is poorly understood. To begin addressing this knowledge gap, we characterized microbiota associated with adult females ofCulex nigripalpusmosquito vectors of Saint Louis Encephalitis and West Nile viruses sampled from three locations in Florida (Vero Beach, Palmetto Inland, and Palmetto Coast). High-throughput sequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes demonstrated significant differences among microbial communities of mosquitoes sampled from the three locations. Mosquitoes from Vero Beach (east coast Florida) were dominated by uncultivatedAsaiasp. (Alphaproteobacteria), whereas microbiota associated with mosquitoes collected from two mosquito populations at Palmetto (west coast Florida) sites were dominated by unculturedSpironema culicis(Spirochaetes),Salinisphaera hydrothermalis(Gammaproteobacteria),Spiroplasma(Mollicutes), unculturedEnterobacteriaceae, Candidatus Megaira (Alphaproteobacteria;Rickettsiae), andZymobacter(Gammaproteobacteria). The variation in taxonomic profiles ofCx. nigripalpusgut microbial communities, especially with respect to dominating taxa, is a potentially critical factor in understanding disease transmission and mosquito susceptibility to insecticides among different mosquito populations.
Whole-genome comparisons of Penicillium spp. reveals secondary metabolic gene clusters and candidate genes associated with fungal aggressiveness during apple fruit decay
Authors: Wu Guangxi , Jurick II Wayne M. , Lichtner Franz J. , Peng Hui , Yin Guohua , Gaskins Verneta L. , Yin Yanbin , Hua Sui-Sheng , Peter Kari A. , Bennett Joan W.
Published: January 2019

Blue mold is a postharvest rot of pomaceous fruits caused by Penicillium expansum and a number of other Penicillium species. The genome of the highly aggressive P. expansum strain R19 was re-sequenced and analyzed together with the genome of the less aggressive P. solitum strain RS1. Whole genome scale similarities and differences were examined. A phylogenetic analysis of P. expansum, P. solitum, and several closely related Penicillium species revealed that the two pathogens isolated from decayed apple with blue mold symptoms are not each other’s closest relatives. Among a total of 10,560 and 10,672 protein coding sequences respectively, a comparative genomics analysis revealed 41 genes in P. expansum R19 and 43 genes in P. solitum RS1 that are unique to these two species. These genes may be associated with pome fruit–fungal interactions, subsequent decay processes, and mycotoxin accumulation. An intact patulin gene cluster consisting of 15 biosynthetic genes was identified in the patulin producing P. expansum strain R19, while only a remnant, seven-gene cluster was identified in the patulin-deficient P. solitum strain. However, P. solitum contained a large number of additional secondary metabolite gene clusters, indicating that this species has the potential capacity to produce an array of known as well as not-yet-identified products of possible toxicological or biotechnological interest.
Didymin improves UV irradiation resistance in C. elegans
Authors: Zhou Lin , Wang Lu , Zhang Jialing , Li Jiahe , Bai Shuju , Ma Junfeng , Fu Xueqi
Published: January 2019

Didymin, a type of flavono-o-glycoside compound naturally present in citrus fruits, has been reported to be an effective anticancer agent. However, its effects on stress resistance are unclear. In this study, we treated Caenorhabditis elegans with didymin at several concentrations. We found that didymin reduced the effects of UV stressor on nematodes by decreasing reactive oxygen species levels and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Furthermore, we found that specific didymin-treated mutant nematodes daf-16(mu86) & daf-2(e1370), daf-16(mu86), akt-1(ok525), akt-2(ok393), and age-1(hx546) were susceptible to UV irradiation, whereas daf-2(e1371) was resistant to UV irradiation. In addition, we found that didymin not only promoted DAF-16 to transfer from cytoplasm to nucleus, but also increased both protein and mRNA expression levels of SOD-3 and HSP-16.2 after UV irradiation. Our results show that didymin affects UV irradiation resistance and it may act on daf-2 to regulate downstream genes through the insulin/IGF-1-like signaling pathway.
Introdução
Authors: Figueiredo Maria Cristina , Carvalho Danniel Da Silva
Published: January 2019

Número da Revista Estudos Linguísticos e Literários dedicado à Morfologia.
FLUTUAÇÕES DA MEMÓRIA: A CONSTRUÇÃO DA VEROSSIMILHANÇA EM LEITE DERRAMADO DE CHICO BUARQUE
Authors: Alves Mirian Sousa , Ferreira Tailze Melo
Published: January 2019

O trabalho propõe uma reflexão acerca da organização interna do romance Leite Derramado, de Chico Buarque, uma autobiografia ficcional que faz da memória contraditória do narrador a principal responsável pela construção da verossimilhança no romance. A voz do autor implícito por trás da fala do narrador propõe ainda um olhar crítico sobre aspectos delicados da sociedade brasileira e, por desdobramento, reflete sobre a própria condição ficcional da memória. Este trabalho visa ainda perceber a imagem fílmica como construtora das reminiscências literárias e pretende demonstrar de que forma a imagem fílmica e/ou onírica no processo de rememoração aparece como especificidade do relato literário.
POR UM ENSINO INTERCULTURAL DE INGLÊS COMO LÍNGUA FRANCA (For an intercultural teaching of English as a lingua franca)
Authors: Siqueira Sávio , Barros Kelly Santos
Published: January 2019

A expansão planetária da língua inglesa é, ao mesmo tempo, causa e consequência do atual fenômeno de globalização. Amealhando cada vez mais usuários mundo afora, já é plausível se afirmar que a maioria das interações que atualmente ocorrem em língua inglesa se dão entre falantes não-nativos, exatamente na função de língua franca. Tal constatação suscita mudanças significativas, principalmente para o Ensino de Língua Inglesa (ELI) que, calcado em tradições fortemente arraigadas, oriundas de países hegemônicos, ainda se orienta por concepções e premissas voltadas, por exemplo, para a  emulação do modelo do falante nativo e para uma prática de sala de aula que raramente privilegia o diálogo entre culturas. Tomando como base o paradigma de inglês como língua franca (ILF), este artigo, além de explorar o conceito e suas principais acepções, elege a interculturadidade como elemento central na pedagogia contemporânea de língua inglesa, chamando a atenção, entre vários aspectos, para a necessidade de se empoderar o professor não-nativo que, nesse novo contexto, emerge como modelo de sucesso para seu aprendiz e, ao assumir a sua condição de mediador intercultural, se habilita com muito mais propriedade para  responder às reais necessidades dos futuros falantes globais de inglês.
Um saber insurgente ao sul do Equador
Authors: Miskolci Richard
Published: January 2019

Neste artigo, exploro o que faz dos estudos queer parte do conjunto de saberes insurgentesque passaram a problematizar a produção científica disciplinar por meio das diferenças. Inicio comuma análise histórica da passagem das ciências às disciplinas até a insurgência dos saberes sujeitadosno final da década de 1960. Depois discuto a especificidade da Teoria Queer entre os saberes dasdiferenças. Por fim, analiso as condições em que criamos um saber queer no Brasil: externamente, sobuma economia-política do conhecimento que privilegia a produção do Norte e, internamente, sob apressão disciplinar e normalizadora de nosso contexto acadêmico.
Derivas de lo queer en la Argentina: hacia una genealogía
Authors: Palmeiro Cecília
Published: January 2019

Este trabalho analiza a emergência do pensamento queer na Argentina em termos do surgimento denovas formas de politização da literatura. Essa relação entre política e literatura é analizada como imagemdialética em função da obra de Néstor Perlongher e sua participação na Frente de Liberação HomossexualArgentina, primeiro, e segundo, no resgate dessas experiências a partir da crise de 2001-2002 até o presente, naslutas identitárias e na formação de novas poéticas vitais em projetos como os de Belleza e Felicidad e EloísaCartonera.