bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver N-Methyl Chitosan
Authors: Kurniasih Mardiyah , Purwati Purwati , Dewi Ratna Stia , Budiarni Kasandra
Published: July 2022

This study synthesized silver N-methyl chitosan (Ag-NMC) and tested it for its antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Ag-NMC was characterized by FTIR, XRD, measured for its molecular weight (MW), solubility, and toxicity. The antimicrobial activity was tested by the agar diffusion method, determining the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration), MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria, and determining the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) against the fungus Candida albicans. The results showed that Ag-NMC had MW, solubility, and LC50 of 555.65 g/mol, 50 mg/mL, 945,492 mg/L, respectively. The diameter of the inhibition zone from the resulting diffusion test showed that Ag-NMC had better antimicrobial activity than N-methyl chitosan (NMC) and chitosan. The MIC, MBC, and MFC values of Ag-NMC were always lower than that of NMC and chitosan.
The Physicochemical Characterization, Gelatinization Profile, and Proximate Analysis of Sweet Potato Starch (Ipomoea batatas L.) White, Yellow, and Purple
Authors: Kusumaningsih Triana , Firdaus Maulidan , Juneasri Fyan Tri Istiqomah
Published: July 2022

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) has a considerable potency to be developed in Indonesia because of its high nutritional content and spacious application of sweet potato starch in food and non-food fields. Physicochemical characterization, gelatinization profile, and proximate analysis of sweet potato starch white, yellow, and purple has been carried out. Initially, extraction of starch from white, yellow, and purple sweet potato flour was done using a maceration technique. The starch extract was then analysed to determine its physicochemical properties such as pH, density, boiling point, melting point, swelling capacity, and solubility in water, as well as morphological surface using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The gelatinization profile of sweet potato starch was measured using the Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA). The proximate composition of sweet potato starch was also determined. The results showed that yellow sweet potato starch has a high amylose content of 28.17% which thus leads to difficulty in absorbing water, increasing the gelatinization temperature and affecting the structural stability of the starch. The molecular structure of amylose and amylopectin is the main factor influencing the determination of the physicochemical characterization of sweet potato starch. Proximate analysis of sweet potato starch showed high content of amylose (28.17%), water (17.03%), and protein (5.21%) with low amylopectin (71.83%), minerals (1.09%), fat (0.09%), and carbohydrates (76.9%) content. The three varieties of sweet potato show extraordinary potential in food industrial applications because they play a huge part in deciding the suitability of sweet potato starch for specific requirements and interest in developing new and remarkable starch sources.
Derivatization of Inseparable Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids of Fagraea fragrans Fruits to Enhance Their Anticancer Activity
Authors: Basir Dasril , Miksusanti Miksusanti , Susilawati Susilawati
Published: July 2022

Inseparable Ursolic acid and its isomeric oleanolic acid are the major compounds in Fagraea fragrans fruits. The white solid crystals , 3.1 % of these triterpenic acids are easyly isolated from alcoholic extracts of these dried fruits. They are well known in both cosmeticeutical and medicinal industries. Therefore the objective of this work is to derivative those to be the  inseparable ethyl ursolate 3-ethyl ether [its isomeric ethyl oleanolate 3-ethyl ether], and to evaluate their anticancer activity against P-388 murine leukemia cells. The results are 71%  of the derivatives have been successfully made from the inseparable ursolic [its isomeric oleanolic] acids by in situ reaction between those triterpenic acids with thionyl chloride and ethanol in benzene. The anticancer activity of ethyl ursolate 3-ethyl ether  [its isomeric ethyl oleanolate 3-ethyl ether] against P-388 murine leukemia cells with IC50 value of 31.36 µg/mL is twofold (1.7)  more potent then their mother compounds, the inseparable ursolic [its isomeric oleanolic] acids with IC50 value of 53.5 µg/mL.
Gold (Au), Silver (Ag) and Bimetallic Au/Ag Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications in 4-Nitrophenol Reduction Reactions
Authors: Nurjannah Nurjannah , Abdullah Bualkar , Herbani Yuliati
Published: July 2022

Au, Ag, and Au/Ag core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in aqueous solution by chemical reduction. UV-Vis absorption spectra confirmed a single surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak for Au and Ag NPs, at 520 nm and 419 nm, respectively. Au/Ag core-shell NPs' UV-Vis spectra showed two distinct peaks at 385 and 480 nm, confirming a core-shell structure different from its alloy counterpart. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows a relatively uniform spherical shape for both Au and core-shell Au/Ag NPs, while Ag NPs have a variety of forms such as a prism, rod, and spherical. The average size of the synthesized nanoparticles was quite similar, between 18 and 25 nm. The 4-nitrophenol reduction reaction model was used to study the catalytic ability of nanoparticles where Au/Ag core-shell NPs showed higher catalytic activity than the other monometallic NPs used in this study.
Chiral Separation of Econazole by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method using Cyclodextrin as Chiral Column
Authors: Hermawan Dadan , Cacu Cacu , Salsabila Khansa , Suwandri Suwandri , Fatoni Amin , Sulaeman Uyi , Iswanto Ponco , Mudasir Mudasir , Aboul-Enein Hassan Y.
Published: July 2022

The chiral separation of econazole, an antifungal drug with one chiral center has been successfully carried out using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Enantioresolution of econazole (Rs = 2.29) was achieved using cyclodextrin-based chiral column (Astec Cyclobond, 25 cm × 4.6 mm × 5 μm), mobile phase composition of acetonitrile : water (0.2% HCOOH) (20:80, v/v), and UV detection of 220 nm.The optimized HPLC method has been applied for the quantitative determination of econazole in the pharmaceutical (liquid) sample withpercentage recovery of 100.75 % (RSD =   0,95%; n = 3). The effect of several HPLC parameters on the chiral separation of econazole was also evaluated and the method was successfully validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and selectivity. The present HPLC method was simple, short analysis time, and high resolution.
Application of Box-Behnken Design for the Extraction of Padina australis
Authors: Nursid Muhammad , Permatasari Anissa , Syafitri Utami Dyah , Batubara Irmanida
Published: July 2022

Optimization extraction of the brown algae Padina australis using the Box-Behnken design has been carried out. Box-Behnken design in relation to Response Surface Methodology analysis was conducted with four experimental factors (i.e., solvent concentration, temperature, extraction time, and sample to solvents ratio) towards the responses of yield antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, anti-glycation, total phenolic content, and fucoxanthin content, completing with 29 running experiments. P. australis extraction's optimum condition was acquired at 79.99% solvent concentration, 18.48 hours extraction time, 44.50ºC temperature, and 1:9 ratio powders and solvents. The optimum condition provided a 7.30% extraction yield, 43.94% antioxidant activity, 86.83% anti-tyrosinase, 98.06% anti-glycation, 9.53 mg GAE/g total phenolic content, and 347.55 µg/g fucoxanthin content. Respond Surface Methodology analysis with the Box-Behnken design succeeded in making the appropriate model for producing the optimum P. australis extract.
Pengaruh temperatur pembakaran dan volume surfaktan pada proses sintesis graphene oxide (GO) dari limbah tulang ayam broiler
Authors: Gayatri Aura Salvia , Tjahjono Arif
Published: July 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pemanfaatan limbah tulang ayam broiler yang disintesis menjadi graphene oxide (GO) melalui metode liquid phase exfoliation dengan variasi temperatur pembakaran arang pada 400 ̊C dan 600 ̊C serta variasi volume surfaktan pada 0,76 ml; 0,96 ml dan 1,16 ml. Variasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui temperatur pembakaran dan komposisi volume surfaktan yang paling optimum untuk membentuk GO. Hasil pengujian EDX diketahui pembakaran pada temperatur 400 ̊C menghasilkan natural graphite paling murni dengan kandungan karbon sebesar 21,09 %wt atau 33,59 %at. Dari hasil spektra UV-Vis diketahui pada temperatur pembakaran 400 ̊C serta volume surfaktan 1,16 ml menghasilkan GO paling optimum dengan panjang gelombang 230 nm dan nilai absorbansi 10. Berdasarkan spektra FTIR terlihat variasi temperatur pembakaran dan volume surfaktan tidak mempengaruhi gugus fungsi yang terbentuk, namun mempengaruhi besar presentase (%) transmitasi yang menunjukkan kemampuan gugus fungsi dalam berikatan.
Acidity, pH and Viscosity of Red Dragon Fruit Yoghurt with The Addition of Some Levels of Sucrose
Authors: Rohman Zainur , Hindratiningrum Novita , Zulaikhah Siti Rahmawati
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the level of addition of sucrose on the characteristics (acidity, pH, and viscosity) of red dragon fruit yoghurt. This research was carried out using an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) using 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment in this study was the addition of various levels of sucrose (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % (w/v)). The variables observed were the level of acidity, pH, and viscosity of red dragon fruit yoghurt. The results showed that the addition of various levels of sucrose affects the acidity of the yoghurt which tends to decrease, the pH of the yoghurt tends to increase and the viscosity of the yoghurt was decreasing.
Correlation between transduction signal route with serum dehy-drogenase lactate level in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: Gustian Hary
Published: July 2022

Background: PPI3K/pAKT/pMTOR expression is important in NHL patients. The cascade of biomarker signals regulates translational events, cell survival, cytoskeleton organisation, and ion transport. pPI3K/pAKT/pMTOR enhance gene transcription increasing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). LDH is one of the important markers in plasma people with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL).Objective: This study aims to determine the correlation between the expression of kPI3K, pAKT, and pMTOR and serum LDH levels in NHL patients.Methods: This study was used an observational approach with a cross-sectional design. The expression score of pPI3K, pAKT, and pMTOR was obtained from medical records and expressed in histoscore obtained from multiplication between intensity (1=weak, 2=medium, 3=strong) with an express area (1=<20%, 2=20-50%, 3=50-80%, 4=>80%). The correlation between the histoscore of pPI3K, pAKT, and pMTOR expressions with LDH levels was statistically analysed using Pearson correlation tests. Results: The mean of pPI3K, pAKT, and pMTOR expression respectively were 5.29 + 2.95; 4.71 + 2.26 and 7.62 + 1.86. There was a weak correlation between pPI3K expression and serum LDH levels in NHL patients (r=0.293). A very weak correlation occurred between pAKT (r=-0.064) and pMTOR (r=-0.172) with serum LDH in NHL patients.Conclusion: There is a weak correlation between pPI3K expression and serum LDH levels in NHL patients. There is a very weak correlation between pAKT and pMTOR with serum LDH in NHL patients.
The effect of ABO blood group on COVID-19 in pregnancy
Authors: Sulistyowati Sri , Anggraini Nutria Widya Purna , Soetrisno Soetrisno , Yuliantara Eric Edwin , Respati Supriyadi Hari , Bachnas Muhammad Adrianes , Prabowo Wisnu , Nurinasari Hafi , Pramelita Dympna , Setiyawati Dewi , Sujana Metharisa , Firmansyah Aldi
Published: July 2022

Background: The COVID-19 virus has spread throughout the world and has been declared as a global pandemic by WHO. Some population groups are more susceptible to COVID-19, and one of them is pregnant women. Pregnancy increases risks of the COVID-19, especially thrombotic complications. The SARS-CoV-2 infection may vary widely from asymptomatic to severe infection. Some studies have shown that ABO blood group can be a marker of susceptibility to some disease progression. Objective:This study aims to investigate relationships between the ABO blood group, the COVID-19 infection and its complications in pregnant women at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta.Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional study design involving 40 pregnant women infected with COVID-19 at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. COVID-19 PCR swabs on the women were administered on their oropharynx and nasopharynx, and laboratory examination of the ABO blood group in all samples was performed. Comparative data distribution of blood groups in the population and the global population distribution were calculated by Chi Square Goodness of Fit. Comparative data between ABO blood group distributions, blood parameters and complications (respiratory, thrombotic, other infections, and death) were calculated by Chi square test and then by One-Way ANOVA. Next, correlation tests for the complications of the blood group and the ages applied a multinomial regression.Results: There were significant differences of thrombotic complications on the blood group of pregnant women infected with COVID-19 (p=0.027). Blood type B significantly tended to experience thrombotic complications when compared to other blood groups (p=0.022).Conclusion: The ABO blood group could affect the complication levels in the pregnant women infected with the COVID 19.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PROPOLIS TERHADAP EKSPRESI BDNF DI HIPPOCAMPUS TIKUS YANG DIINDUKSI STRES
Authors: Kuswati Kuswati , Nugraha Zainuri Sabta , Handayani Ety Sari
Published: July 2022

Latar belakang: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) merupakan neurotrophin yang disekresi oleh dendrit. BDNF berperan pada diferensiasi, maturasi dan menjaga survival neuron. BDNF juga berperan penting pada neuroplastisitas, learning and memory. Ekspresi BDNF menurun pada kondisi stres. Propolis mengandung chyrisin yang memiliki efek antioksidan dan neuroprotektan. Penelitian ini ingin melihat efek propolis terhadap ekspresi BDNF pada hippocampus tikus yang diinduksi stres.Tujuan: untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian propolis terhadap ekspresi BDNF di hippocampus pada tikus yang diinduksi stres.Metode: Penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan posttest only control group design. Subjek penelitian ini tikus Rattus norvegicus jantan, berumur 4 bulan dengan berat badan 200-300 gram dari galur Spraque-Dawley. Tikus dibagi secara random menjadi 5 kelompok, masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor tikus. Kelompok  N tidak mendapat perlakuan. Kelompok K mendapat perlakuan stres, kelompok P1, P2 dan P3 mendapat perlakuan stres dan pemberian propolis dosis 100, 150 dan 200 mg/kgbb/hari. Perlakuan stres  menggunakan model stres isolasi sosial. Pemberian propolis secara oral menggunakan sonde.  Perlakuan stres dan pemberian propolis selama 14 hari. Hari ke-15 dilakukan terminasi dan pengambilan jaringan otak. Selanjutnya dilakuakan pembuatan sediaan histologis dengan pewarnaan imunohistokimia menggunakan antibodi anti BDNF. Pengamatan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dengan perbesaran 1000 kali pada area CA1 hippocampus.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan signifikan ekspresi BDNF di area CA1 hippocampus pada semua kelompok (p. 0.000). Ekspresi BDNF tertinggi pada kelompok P3. Ekspresi terendah pada kelompok K. Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh pemberian propolis terhadap ekspresi BDNF pada hippocampus tikus yang diinduksi stres. Dosis propolis 100,150 dan 200mg/kgbb meningkatkan ekspresi BDNF.
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT APPROACH AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION FOR FLOOD PROBLEM IN NORTHERN PART OF CENTRAL JAVA (Pendekatan Pengelolaan DAS Sebagai Alternatif Solusi Masalah Banjir di Jawa Tengah Utara)
Authors:   Watershed Management Technology Center, Savitri Endang , Adi Rahardyan , Putra Pamungkas , Indrajaya Yonky
Published: July 2022

The flood disaster in northern Central Java was caused by rainfall, the influence of tidal surges, and ground subsidence in various sites. This study aims to give alternative solutions to flood control in Central Java watersheds draining to the north coast. By identifying the flood water discharge areas, the amount of runoff causing flooding can be reduced. By overlaying maps of floodwater discharge, land cover, degraded land, and forest functions, 12 recommendations of forests and land rehabilitation (RHL) are obtained, suited to the area's concerns. The recommendations are planned only for the areas with vulnerable and highly vulnerable to floodwater discharge, so priority is given to activities that incorporate runoff into the ground as much as possible to reduce the flood volume. The RHL is grouped into the enrichment of plants in open areas with the function of forest areas, enhancing terraces to reduce erosion, increasing soil fertility, and constructing infiltration wells or bio pores. Of the 31 regencies/cities whose rivers flow into the north coast, there are 5 (five) regencies/cities whose RHL recommendations are applied to more than 50% of the area, namely Salatiga City (99%), Semarang district/city (76%), Jepara Regency (71%), Pekalongan Regency (55%), and Brebes Regency (51%).
ANALISIS PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DAERAH TANGKAPAN AIR DANAU KERINCI (Land Use Change Analysis in The Kerinci Lake Catchment Area)
Authors:   Program Studi Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai, Sekolah Pascasarjana, IPB University, Jupiardi Putra , Hidayat Yayat , Rachman Latief ,   Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University
Published: July 2022

Lake Kerinci is one of the 15 national priority lakes. In general, residents in this area carry out agricultural or plantation activities without applying conservation principles, resulting in a decrease in the carrying capacity of the Catchment Area (DTA). In addition, DTA Lake Kerinci has also experienced an increase in population, thus encouraging land-use changes. This study aims to analyze land-use changes in DTA Lake Kerinci. Analysis of land-use change analysis uses Landsat imagery 5 TM for 2009 and Landsat imagery 8 OLI-TIRS for 2019 using the guided classification method (Maximum Likelihood Classification/MLC). The accuracy of the image interpretation results is carried out through the Kappa accuracy test. Interpretation of land-use imagery and classification have relatively high accuracy with a kappa value of 78.67% (good) on land use in 2009, 83.30% (almost perfect) on land use in 2019, with an average Kappa Accuracy (KA) of 79.63%. Land-use changes in Lake Kerinci DTA for the 2009-2019 period experienced a significant increase in the area of dry agricultural land by 13% or 13,151.05 ha and a decrease in primary forest area by 6.76% or 6,834.13 ha.
Empirical Test of Pharmacy Staff-Patient Relationship Quality Model in Public Health Center: Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square Approach
Authors: Amalia Mia Annida , Pribadi Prasojo , Hapsari Widarika Santi
Published: July 2022

Patient Centered Care (PCC) is a new paradigm in health care service that places patients as centers of care. Patient Centered Care in the relationship quality model consists of three components, namely: (1) pharmacist participative behavior, (2) interpersonal communication and (3) patient participative behaviour. This study aims to empirical testing of pharmacy staff-patient relationship quality model among BPJS patients in the Public Health Centers (PHC) Magelang Region. This type of research is quantitative correlational with cross sectional approach. The sample used was 255 respondents. The sampling method in this study was non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique. Hypothesis testing were used Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results of research are interpersonal communication have a positive effect on commitment relationships and the quality of communicative relationship. (p <0.05). Patient participation behavior has a positive effect on the commitment relationships and the quality of communicative relationships (p <0.05). Pharmacy staff participation behaviour has a positive effect on the commitment relationships the quality of communicative relationships (p <0.05). PHC need to improve pharmacy staff clinical performance, therefore that pharmacy staff can provide services pharmaceuticals that meet the targets and standards set.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Biji Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) terhadap Struktur dan Morfometri Ren Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.)
Authors: Kasiyati Kasiyati , Nabela Siti , Sitasiwi Agung Janika
Published: July 2022

Fenugreek menjadi salah satu tanaman herbal yang diteliti karena khasiatnya dapat mengobati berbagai penyakit. Ekstrak biji fenugreek memiliki kandungan senyawa antioksidan flavonoid berupa polifenol yang memiliki peran mengurangi stress oksidatif, menangkap radikal bebas, memperbaiki fungsi ginjal, dan menjaga fungsi ginjal dalam kondisi normal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pemberian ekstrak biji fenugreek selama 30 hari dengan dosis 500 mg/kg BB, 1000 mg/kg BB, dan 1500 mg/kg BB terhadap struktur dan morfometri ren tikus putih. Parameter yang diamati adalah diameter glomerulus, bobot ginjal, tebal kapsula Bowman, dan kadar eritrosit. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari 4 kelompok perlakuan yaitu P0 (tikus normal diberi aquades), P1 (tikus normal diberi ekstrak biji fenugreek dosis 500 mg/kg BB), P2 (tikus normal diberi ekstrak biji fenugreek dosis 1000 mg/kg BB), dan P3 (tikus normal diberi ekstrak biji fenugreek dosis 1500 mg/kg BB). Uji analisis statistik menggunakan ANOVA-satu arah yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak biji fenugreek pada dosis 500 mg/kg BB, 1000 mg/kg BB, dan 1500 mg/kg BB tidak memberikan pengaruh yang bermakna (p>0,05) terhadap diameter glomerulus, tebal kapsula Bowman, dan kadar eritrosit. Sedangkan pemberian ekstrak biji fenugreek pada dosis 500 mg/kg BB, 1000 mg/kg BB, dan 1500 mg/kg BB memberikan bobot organ ginjal berbeda bermakna. Ekstrak biji fenugreek dengan dosis 500 mg/kg BB, 1000 mg/kg BB, dan 1500 mg/kg BB tidak mengubah struktur dan morfometri ren tikus putih, sehingga aman digunakan sebagai obat.
Aktivitas Imunomodulator Ekstrak Petroleum Eter Umbi Bengkoang (Pachyrhizus erosus) pada Mencit Balb/c yang Diinduksi Vaksin Hepatitis B
Authors: Sujono Tanti Azizah , Nurrochmad Arief , Lukitaningsih Endang , Nugroho Agung Endro
Published: July 2022

Ekstrak non polar umbi bengkoang (Pachyrhizus erosus) mengandung senyawa fitosterol berupa β-sitosterol yang diduga mempunyai efek imunomodulator in vivo. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak petroleum eter (EPE) bengkoang terhadap parameter respon imun non spesifik dan spesifik pada mencit Balb/c yang diinduksi vaksin hepatitis B. Hewan uji mencit secara acak dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok. Kelompok I sebagai kontrol negatif, kelompok II diberi perlakuan obat standard levamisol 2,5 mg/kgBB, kelompok III dan IV berturut-turut diberi EPE bengkoang dosis 100 dan 200 mg/kgBB. Perlakuan diberikan secara peroral selama 18 hari. Efek imunomodulator EPE bengkoang dievaluasi berdasarkan aktivitas fagositosis makrofag, proliferasi limfosit, produksi antibodi atau imunoglobulin G (IgG), serta produksi sitokin tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) dan interleukin-10 (IL-10). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian EPE bengkoang mampu meningkatkan kapasitas dan indeks fagositosis makrofag serta proliferasi limfosit secara signifikan (p<0,05). Semakin tinggi dosis EPE bengkoang, produksi IgG semakin turun (p<0,05), sementara produksi TNF-α meningkat dan IL-10 turun namun perubahannya tidak signifikan (p>0,05). EPE bengkoang mempunyai efek imunomodulator dengan meningkatkan respon imun non spesifik sedangkan respon imun spesifik (humoral) turun tergantung dosis.
Kajian Literatur: Profil Resistensi Salmonella typhi dan Pemilihan Antibiotik Pada Demam Tifoid
Authors: Sanjaya Dwi Arymbhi , Meriyani Herleeyana , Juanita RR. Asih , Siada Nyoman Budiartha
Published: July 2022

Demam tifoid merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Gram-negatif yaitu Salmonella typhi. Munculnya multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi (MDRST) dan extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella typhi menjadi ancaman baru dalam keberhasilan terapi demam tifoid. Efektivitas terapi pada demam tifoid memerlukan kajian tentang profil resistensi Salmonella typhi terhadap antibiotik yang diamati dari minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) dan mutasi genetika, sehingga dapat dilakukan pemilihan antibiotik yang tepat pada demam tifoid dengan MDR dan XDR Salmonella typhi. Kajian literatur ini mengumpulkan dan menelaah informasi yang diperoleh dari hasil-hasil penelitian dari berbagai artikel internasional tentang resistensi Salmonella typhi terhadap antibiotik pada deman tifoid. Pencarian artikel menggunakan database PubMed, PlosOne, dan ScienceDirect sejak tahun 2011 hingga September 2021. Artikel yang diperoleh dari 192 artikel, terdapat delapan (8) artikel yang relevan, yang mana diketahui bahwa isolat Salmonella thypi resisten terhadap Ampisilin, Amoksisilin, kombinasi Amoksisilin-Asam Klavulanat, Kloramfenikol, Siprofloksasin, Ofloksasin, Levofloksasin, Asam Nalidiksat, Trimetoprim, dan kombinasi Trimetoprim-Sulfametoksazol yang diamati pada MIC90. Nilai MIC akan berdampak pada penentuan dosis yang efektif untuk mencapai konsentrasi terapetik sehingga dapat mempengaruhi indeks farmakokinetik dan farmakodinamik. Gen yang bertanggung jawab terhadap MDRST dan XDR Salmonella typhi yaitu: blaTEM-1, catA, dhfr1b, sul1, sul2, class 1 integron, gyrA dan gyrB, serta parC. Azitromisin dan Seftriakson menjadi pilihan terapi utama untuk terapi empiris pada demam tifoid. Adanya nilai MIC dan parameter farmakokinetik/farmakodinamik dapat digunakan untuk menginterpretasikan sensitivitas bakteri terhadap antibiotik, yang dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu rujukan dalam menyusun kebijakan penggunaan antibiotik. 
Manajemen Kecerdasan Emosi dan Penerapan Administrasi Skrining Penyakit Tidak Menular bagi Kader Posyandu
Authors: Kesetyaningsih Tri Wulandari Wulandari , Mahanggoro Tri Pitara
Published: July 2022

Background : Gamping Kidul hamlet is growing fast as an educational center. This condition brings socio-economic changes and unhealthy lifestyles so that there are concerns about an increase in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This Community Service (CS) is a continuation of the previous CS which has formed a care group of healthy lifestyles and provides cadres with NCDs screening and prevention. These activities were enhanced by training on emotional intelligence management and screening administration. The activity aims to train management emotions and apply NCDs screening administration so that it can further strengthen the ability of cadres to implement NCDs prevention programs.

Methods :The service is carried out with explanation, discussion, and practice. At the end of the training, an assessment of the level of emotional intelligence is carried out.

Results : The training was attended by 14 integrated service post cadres (posyandu) as participants. The results of the assessment show that 57% of cadres have high emotional intelligence, 29% are moderate and 14% are low. Emotional intelligence of non-cadres is 84.62% high and 7.69% moderate and low, respectively. The Mann Whitney test proves that the emotional intelligence of cadres is significantly lower than that of non-cadres.

Conclusion : It was concluded that most posyandu cadres had high emotional intelligence, some were moderate-low, but lower than non-cadres in average. Posyandu has never done NCDs screening. The training has provided experience in NCDs screening for posyandu cadres.
“What Is Universal Pragmatics?” Linguistic Foundations of Communicative Action
Authors: TORUN Tayfun
Published: July 2022

The most provocative and crucial argument of Habermas' Theory of Communicative Action is the claim that the parties participating in communicative action can reach an understanding and agreement in any case if they aim to reach an agreement, not to dominate/oppress or manipulate each other. This claim, which is at the core of his social theory as a whole, requires an analysis of the conditions for reaching an agreement in communicative action. In this regard, Habermas provides the most detailed analysis of these conditions from the linguistic perspective in his article: “What Is Universal Pragmatics?” This article discusses Habermas’ linguistic justification for the Theory of Communicative Action through an elaborative reading of “What Is Universal Pragmatics?”
METHODS OF NON-CONTACT PARAMETRIC CONTROL OF EQUIPMENT OF BREWING APPARATUS AND WASTE WATER SAMPLES
Authors: Vadim Sebko  , Yevgeny Pyrozhenko  , Valeriy Zdorenko  , Tatiana Novozhilova  , Dmytro Nechiporenko
Published: July 2022

The studies of technoecology problems in the field of brewing established the need to predict the condition of equipment, the quality of semi-finished products, as well as the creation of algorithms for extracting and processing information on quality indicators. The necessity of developing new effective methods for monitoring brewing equipment, semi-finished products, finished products and the state of stock water samples has been proved. Thanks to this, it will become possible to determine the reasons for the deviation of the product characteristics from the set quality indicators and to take measures for appropriate adjustment. Experimental studies have confirmed that, thanks to the allocation of important informative parameters, it becomes possible to increase the overall component of the reliability of control.This leads to an increase in the quality of the finished product. In particular, it was found that due to the hardware techniques associated with heating the sample during the control process and compensating for the influence of the parasitic magnetic flux, it becomes possible to carry out joint control of quantitative parameters that are related to the physicomechanical properties of equipment parts, assemblies and designs of the beer column. The latter, in particular, relates to the implementation of joint control of the geometric, electrical and temperature parameters of parts of brewing equipment.Thus, there is reason to argue about the prospects of further research in the creation of automated computer systems for monitoring the electrical and temperature characteristics of semi-finished brewing products when implementing new informative methods.
METALOXIDE COMPOSITES FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC DISINTEGRATION OF TOXICANTS
Authors: Mykola Sakhnenko  , Maryna Ved’  , Natalia Markova  , Irina Stepanova  , Aleksandr Halak  , Sergey Menshov  , Aleksey Matykin
Published: July 2022

The processes of plasma-electrolytic formation of heteroxide coatings on titanium alloys for the photocatalytic disintegration of natural and technogenic toxicants are studied. Synthesis of coatings was carried out from aqueous diphosphate solutions in the galvanostatic mode. For a quantitative description of photocatalytic reactions, reaction rate constants were calculated from the linearized dependences lnCt/C0, where Ct is the current concentration of the azodye and C0 is the initial concentration of the reactant. The surface morphology of the coatings was studied by atomic force microscopy and visualized the results by reconstructing the relief in the form of 2D and 3D topographic maps. The morphological features of titanium (IV) oxide coatings and heteroxide composites containing zinc and / or copper oxides are analyzed. It has been shown that the specific surface remains an effective factor in controlling the photocatalytic activity of coatings; therefore, the establishment of the morphology of heteroxide composites, as well as methods for controlling this parameter of the target product, is an invariable component of a systematic study of such materials when establishing their functional properties. It is established that, in comparison with titanium oxide coatings, whose surface layers are characterized by toroidal mesostructures, heteroxide compositions have a more developed surface, which positively affects their functional properties. Subsequent heat treatment also has the same effect on coating properties. The rate constants of the photocatalytic decomposition of the methyl orange azodye, determined under similar conditions, were used to rank coatings of various compositions according to their functional properties. Thus, for the reaction on the surface of titanium oxide, the rate constant is 1.56∙10–3 min–1, while for the heterooxide layer TiO2·ZnO it increases to 5.8∙10–3 min–1. The coating of TiO2·ZnO is the most catalytically active, although the TiO2·ZnO·CuO system also accelerates the decomposition process with a degree of degradation of 25% for 60 minutes, further, the efficiency of the catalyst decreases.
SUBSTANTIATION OF THE ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION IN THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF PEROXYLIC ACID
Authors: Serhii Alexandrovich Vodolazhenko  , Svitlana Germanivna Deribo  , Tetiana Vasylivna Shkolnikova  , Issam Hussein Chahine
Published: July 2022

lactic acid (PLA) is a strong disinfectant with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Its widespread use is hampered by the lack of an electrochemical technology for PLA synthesis, which will make it possible to develop local electrochemical generators for the production of disinfectants. There is no information about the standard potential of the СН3СH(OH)С(=О)ОН « СН3СH(OH)С(=О)ООН system, both in reference literature and professional scientific publications. It has been shown that the electrochemical synthesis of PLA will be combined with the processes of oxygen release and the formation of hydrogen peroxide. To inhibit side processes, an additive to a solution of lactic acid 0.5 mol dm-3 H2SO4 was used. The adsorption of sulfate ions leads to the displacement of a certain proportion of water molecules outside the boundaries between the phase boundaries. An almost 2-fold increase in the anodic current density was also noted at the potentials of electrochemical synthesis of peroxide compounds. It has-been found that a lactic acid molecule is integrated into the structure of the near-electrode layer with a carboxyl group directed towards the anode surface. The inflection of the current-voltage curve, at potentials more positive than 1.70...1.75 V, indicates the course of the combined processes of the formation of peroxide compounds, proceeding with a significant inhibition of the oxygen reaction at the Pt/PtO2 anode. The release of oxygen under these conditions occurs due to the formation and destruction of H2O2. The potential difference between the forward and reverse runs of the current-voltage curve indicates a significant effect of lactic acid on the adsorption processes on the anode surface. The results obtained confirmed the relevant the choice of the Pt/PtO2 anode for the electrochemical synthesis of PLA. The characteristics of the electrolyte for the electrochemical synthesis of PLA has been defined: 2 mol dm-3 of lactic acid, 0.5 mol dm-3 of sulfuric acid.
EFFICIENCY OF WATER-BASED ELECTROLYSIS DEPENDING ON TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF CORROSIVE AND ANODE DISSOLUTION OF ALUMINUM
Authors: Nataliia Oleksandrivna Rudenko  , Boris Ivanovych Bairachniy
Published: July 2022

The paper presents the features of the synthesis of hydrogen released as a result of dissolution of the aluminum alloy AMg. To more fully determine the technological characteristics of hydrogen synthesis, we studied the volumes of hydrogen released in the reactor as a result of dissolution of the aluminum alloy AMg. The mechanism of alloy dissolution is established taking into account the effect of impurities in the alloy on the anodic dissolution process. The conditions for accelerating the anodic dissolution of the AMg alloy in the presence of chlorine ions under the conditions of the “negative differential effect” are determined. The dissolution of the AMg alloy in an alkaline chloride solution has an electrochemical nature, which is based on the electrochemical mechanism of hydrogen reduction with the subsequent process of its diffusion into the gas phase. Chloride ions accelerate the active dissolution of aluminum at current densities of 5 A/dm2 instead of 3 A/dm2 at room temperature and surface roughness of class 3-5 (≈5 μm). The greatest influence on the dissolution rate of the alloy has the concentration of NaOH, the dissolution temperature and the surface cleanliness class. The main technological indicator of the improvement of hydrogen electrosynthesis is the use of anodic depolarization of aluminum, its negative values and, as a consequence, the evolution of hydrogen on both electrodes. The depolarization effect is achieved by dissolving the aluminum alloy instead of the oxygen evolution reaction at the anode. The voltage on the cell is 2 times lower compared to industrial alkaline water electrolysis. This makes it possible to save up to 50% of electricity. The absence of oxygen evolution makes this process safer.
ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF CHERRY FRUITS DURING STORAGE FOR POLYSACCHARID COMPOSITION TREATMENTS
Authors: Vasylyshyna Olena
Published: July 2022

It was shown that cherry fruits are a valuable fruit crop with a limited shelf life, so now it is important to develop new technologies for long-term storage of fruits using post-harvest processing. The physical and physiological properties of cherry fruits during treatment with polysaccharide compositions have been studied. The effect of pre-treatment with salicylic acid and chitosan solutions on cherry fruits, respiration rate and heat release is shown. For research, cherry fruits of Shpanka and Lotivka varieties common in Ukraine were sprayed with an aqueous solution of 50 mg/l or 100 mg/l of salicylic acid, 0.5% or 1% aqueous solution of chitosan. A day later, the fruits were removed from the trees, placed in boxes of 5 kg, stored at a temperature of 1 ± 0.5°C and relative humidity of 95 ± 1% in the following options: control - unprocessed fruits and cherries treated with a solution of salicylic acid or chitosan. Pre-treatment of cherry fruits with a solution of salicylic acid caused a decrease in respiration rate from 7.0 to 13.0 mg of CO2 / kg ∙ h and 12.0 to 18.0 mg of CO2 / kg ˑ h, which helped reduce heat loss 0.07… 0.14 and 0.13… 0.19 kJ / t ∙ day, and ventilation productivity of 1.5… 1.9 times. The heat intensity of cherry fruits treated with chitosan solution was lower than in the control and was 0.16 - 0.32 kJ / t ∙ day, compared with 0.2 - 0.33 kJ / t bу day in the control of the ventilation rate of 7.4 - 12.35m3 / t∙h (control) and 5.93 - 11.95 m3/t ∙ h for processed cherry fruits. Therefore, pre-treatment with a solution of salicylic acid and chitosan will help reduce the temperature of the embankment of the fruit with lower ventilation capacity.
INFLUENCE OF CURRENT DENSITY ON THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF OXIDE COATING ON ZIRCONIUM ALLOY E110
Authors: Shtefan Viktoriia , Belandre Dieuveille Hkouka Mabila , Kanunnikova Nadiia , Leshchenko Serhii
Published: July 2022

Today, binary, triple and quadruple zirconium alloys containing iron, chromium and copper are known for corrosion protection, which have a clear advantage over circal and niobium binary alloys in terms of corrosion resistance. However, insufficient attention is paid to studies aimed at studying the process of formation and morphology of oxide films on the zirconium alloy E110. This area of research has a high scientific and technical interest in the development of oxide coatings on metal surfaces, given the widespread use of zirconium alloys in nuclear energy as a structural material in the construction of nuclear reactors. The paper considers the advantages of the method of microarc oxidation in comparison with other methods of protection of zirconium alloys from different types of corrosion damage. The main task of the work is to study the influence of current density on the formation and morphology of oxide films on zirconium alloy. It was found that the obtained dependences of the formation stress on the time of microarc oxidation of zirconium alloy in 1 mol/l potassium pyrophosphate at different current densities have a characteristic classical appearance, characterized by three sections, such as spark, spark and microarc. The dependence of the rate of change of the voltage dU / dt on the molding voltage is constructed for a more detailed study of the process of formation of oxide films and determination of the moment of the beginning of sparking and microarcs. It was found that when the current density increases to 6 A/m2, the spark voltage increases by 5 V, and when it increases to 10 A/m2 - by 15 V, but the voltage of the microarcs remains unchanged. Mostly solid, well-bonded to the base oxide films of light gray colour on a zirconium alloy are obtained. The morphology of oxide coatings obtained on the surface of the zirconium alloy E110 by the method of microarc oxidation in potassium pyrophosphate at different current densities was studied. It is shown that oxide films without cracks and surfaces have irregularities with a cellular texture.
Kekerasan Budaya Pasca 1965 dalam Novel Pulang dan Dari Dalam Kubur
Authors: Hanifah Aufa , Robertus Robet
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kekerasan budaya yang tergambar dalam novel Dari dalam Kubur (2020) dan Pulang (2013), keuda novel ini menggambarkan pembantaian massal pasca 1965 di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode Critical Discourse Analysis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan dengan studi kepustakaan. Penelitian ini bertumpu pada konsep kekerasan budaya dari Johan Galtung dan kekerasan simbolik Pierre Bourdieu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam kedua novel terjadi kekerasan personal dan kekerasan struktural. Untuk melegitimasi dua kekerasan ini, pemerintah Orde Baru menggunakan aspek-aspek budaya seperti ideologi, agama, bahasa, seni dan pengetahuan. Hal tersebut sama dengan prinsip simbolis dalam gagasan Pierre Bourdieu mengenai kekerasan simbolik atau kekerasan tak kasat mata. Penggunaan aspek-aspek budaya tersebut fungsinya untuk mengubah nilai moral dan ideologis masyarakat agar mereka menganggap kekerasan terhadap komunis dan yang di-komunis-kan serta masyarakat etnis Tionghoa adalah normal, bahkan harus dilakukan.
Chitosan as a Coagulant and Precipitant of Algae Present in Backwater
Authors: Thomas Catherine C. , Broussard Jonathan , Medina Victor F.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this technical note (TN) is to highlight the current state of knowledge of algal flocculation by chitosan and identify data gaps existing between specific algal characteristics and chitosan binding efficiency. Published relationships and correlations between the quality of backwaters and the prevalence of algae, a baseline for flocculation efficiency of microalgae, and ideal treatment instances for algal removal by way of chitosan flocculation and precipitation will be identified.
The report of a rare deformed eagle ray (Myliobatiformes: Myliobatidae) tooth plate from the Neogene of Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, U.S.A.
Authors: Godfrey Stephen J. , Bohaska David J. , Maisey John
Published: July 2022

An isolated and deformed lower tooth plate of an eagle ray (Aetomylaeus sp., Myliobatidae, Myliobatiformes) is reported herein from the Miocene deposits along Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, U.S.A. Deformed myliobatid tooth plates like this, either fossil or modern, are exceedingly rare. All medial teeth are deformed/skewed such that the right side of each tooth forms an angle of about 10 degrees to the transverse axis of the dental plate. The skewed abnormal form of the teeth in USNM PAL 726325 is not thought to be the result of modern or taphonomic deformation. Rather, the deformity exhibited by USNM PAL 726325 gives every indication that successive similarly deformed teeth came about as a result of a persistent anatomical deformity of the dental lamina. From the consistency in the deformed shape of each tooth, it would appear as though the dental lamina retained this anomalous shape at least throughout the time represented by the age of the tooth plate. If this interpretation is correct, the deformity was not fatal and did not significantly impair the functionality of the tooth pavement over a protracted part (or all) of the individual's life span.
Heraclitus in Nietzsche’s Basel Lectures: A Historical-Philosophical Reconstruction
Authors: Biserov Gleb V.
Published: July 2022

The paper presents a brief reconstruction of the genesis of Nietzsche’s Basel lecture on Heraclitus and an analysis of its key features in comparison to other Nietzsche’s early texts that dedicated to Heraclitus. Hermeneutical and historical approach used in the paper allows to raise the question about the foundations of Nietzsche’s interpretation of Heraclitus. I review Nietzsche’s contemporary sources and interpretations of Heraclitean philosophy in many cases significantly different from those on which contemporary researchers of Heraclitus rely. I show that the Basel lectures rather than Nietzsche’s minor writings on the Greeks appear to be the key element in forming Nietzsche’s views on Heraclitus.
From John the Exarch to Protopope Avvakum: the History of Doctrine on Form and Matter in the Old Russian Book Culture
Authors: Shpakovskiy Mikhail V.
Published: July 2022

This article considers the history of reception of the form-matter (the hylomorphism) conception, historically raised to Aristotle, in the Old Russian book culture through selected slavonic translations of Church Fathers and the original Old Russian works. Metaphysics itself (especially in the sense of Aristotle’s “Metaphysics”) was not known in the Slavonic book culture. However, such element of it, as a doctrine on form and matter (two of the four Aristotle’s causes), was assimilated by Old Russian scribes in two forms: in the natural philosophy and in logical categorical one. In the first case, this conception is used to interpret the general principles of the creation of the world, according to the first book of Genesis. In the second, the form is one of the types of universals (the lowest and most specialized kind in the hierarchy). Key sources for the first case are follow: Hexameron of John the Exarch and separated places at the Orationes of Gregory the Theologian with Nicetas of Heraclea’s comments. The logical concept of form was known from translations of the logical works of John of Damascus. In the original Old Russian thought of the XVI century, the most popular was the natural philosophical use of these theories in order to describe creation and to criticize the so-called craft-analogies (Joseph Volotskiy, Maxim the Greek, Zinoviy Otenskiy). In the first half of the 17th century, the scholastic theory of the sacraments, together with the new Latinized terminology, penetrated into the Moscow literature through Western Russian writings. Finally, a case of the influence of hylemorphism is also found in the “The Book of Denunciation” of Protopope Avvakum.