bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational Analysis for Thermal Optimization of Server for Single Phase Immersion Cooling
Authors: Gandhi Dhruvkumar , Chowdhury Uschas , Chauhan Tushar , Bansode Pratik , Saini Satyam , Shah Jimil M. , Agonafer Dereje
Published: December 2019

Complete immersion of servers in synthetic dielectric fluids is rapidly becoming a popular technique to minimize the energy consumed by data centers for cooling purposes. In general, immersion cooling offers noteworthy advantages over conventional air-cooling methods as synthetic dielectric fluids have high heat dissipation capacities which are roughly about 1200 times greater than air. Other advantages of dielectric fluid immersion cooling include even thermal profile on chips, reduction in noise and addressing reliability and operational enhancements like whisker formation and electrochemical migration. Nevertheless, lack of data published and availability of long-term reliability data on immersion cooling is insufficient which makes most of data centers operators reluctant to implement this technique. The first part of this paper will compare thermal performance of single-phase oil immersion cooled HP ProLiant DL160 G6 server against air cooled server using computational fluid dynamics on 6SigmaET®. Focus of the study are major components of the server like Central Processing Unit (CPU), Dual in Line Memory Module (DIMM), Input/output Hub (IOH) chip and Input/output controller Hub (ICH). The second part of this paper focuses on thermal performance optimization of oil immersion cooled servers by varying inlet oil temperature, flow rate and using different fluid.
The Role of Interfacial Thermal Resistance in Li-Ion Battery Thermal Management
Authors: Yang Chuanbo , Cao Lei
Published: December 2019

Temperature critically affects the performance, life and safety of lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, it is essential to understand heat generation and dissipation within individual battery cells and battery packs to plan a proper thermal management strategy. One of the key challenges is that interfacial heat transfer of a battery unit is difficult to quantify. The steady-state absolute method and the transient laser-flash-diffusivity method were employed to measure heat conductivities of battery layer stacks and individual battery layer separately. Results show flash diffusivity method gives higher thermal conductivity at both cross-plane and in-plane directions. The difference is primarily caused by interfacial thermal resistance so that it can be estimated by steady-state and transient measurements.

To investigate the effects of interfacial thermal transport beyond individual cell level, a multiphysics battery model is used. The model is built upon a multi-scale multi-domain modeling framework for battery packs that accounts for the interplay across multiple physical phenomena. Benefits of a battery module using thermal management materials are quantified through numerical experiments. During a thermal runaway event, it is found interfacial thermal resistance can mitigate thermal runaway in a battery module by significantly reducing heat transfer between cells.
Measurements and models of the correlation of redundant spatial coherence measurements for the incoherently scattered field
Authors: Blanford Thomas E. , Brown Daniel C. , Meyer Richard J.
Published: December 2019

Sonar systems that exploit correlation for navigation, such as correlation velocity logs and micronavigation for synthetic aperture sonar, often make redundant estimates of the spatial coherence of the scattered field at several spatial lags. Two models for the correlation of these redundant measurements are described. First, an analytical model is derived using the assumption of stationary Gaussian statistics. Next, a numerical model is described that accounts for non-stationary processes present in measurements of seafloor scattering. These models are compared to normal-incidence scattering data collected at Seneca Lake, NY. Both models show good agreement with the measurements when the spatial separation between redundant hydrophone pairs is less than the coherence length. At greater spatial separation, the analytical model diverges from the measurements. This disagreement is explained by a lack of stationarity in the measured data which is captured by the numerical model. Finally, spatial variations in the volume scattering strength of the sediment are identified as a source of the non-stationarity in the measurements.
Voice production in a MRI-based subject-specific vocal fold model with parametrically controlled medial surface shape
Authors: Wu Liang , Zhang Zhaoyan
Published: December 2019

The goal of this study was to investigate how realistic changes in medial surface shape, as occur in human phonation, affect voice production. In a parametric magnetic resonance imaging-based three-dimensional vocal fold model, the superior and inferior portions of the medial surface were systematically manipulated to produce different medial surface contours similar to those observed in previous excised larynx and in vivo canine larynx experiments. Voice simulations were performed to investigate the differences in the resulting voice production. The results showed that both superior-medial bulging and inferior-medial bulging of the medial surface, which led to an increased vertical thickness and a more rectangular glottal configuration, increased the closed quotient of vocal fold vibration. Changes in medial surface shape also had significant effects on the phonation threshold pressure. The degree of these effects of changes in medial surface shape was larynx specific, and varied significantly depending on the vocal fold cross-sectional geometry and its variation along the anterior-posterior direction. The results suggest that, in addition to vocal fold approximation, surgical interventions of voice disorders should also aim at restoring a rectangular and sufficiently thick medial surface.
Impaired Insulin Profiles Following a Single Night of Sleep Restriction: The Impact of Acute Sprint Interval Exercise
Authors: Sweeney Emma L. , Peart Daniel J. , Kyza Irene , Harkes Thomas , Ellis Jason G. , Walshe Ian H.
Published: December 2019

Experimental sleep restriction (SR) has demonstrated reduced insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals. Exercise is well-known to be beneficial for metabolic health. A single bout of exercise has the capacity to increase insulin sensitivity for up to 2 days. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine if sprint interval exercise could attenuate the impairment in insulin sensitivity after one night of SR in healthy males. Nineteen males were recruited for this randomized crossover study which consisted of four conditions—control, SR, control plus exercise, and sleep restriction plus exercise. Time in bed was 8 hr (2300–0700) in the control conditions and 4 hr (0300–0700) in the SR conditions. Conditions were separated by a 1-week entraining period. Participants slept at home, and compliance was assessed using wrist actigraphy. Following the night of experimental sleep, participants either conducted sprint interval exercise or rested for the equivalent duration. An oral glucose tolerance test was then conducted. Blood samples were obtained at regular intervals for measurement of glucose and insulin. Insulin concentrations were higher in SR than control (p = .022). Late-phase insulin area under the curve was significantly lower in sleep restriction plus exercise than SR (862 ± 589 and 1,267 ± 558; p = .004). Glucose area under the curve was not different between conditions (p = .207). These findings suggest that exercise improves the late postprandial response following a single night of SR.
Evasion of Innate Lymphoid Cell-Regulated Gamma Interferon Responses by Chlamydia muridarum To Achieve Long-Lasting Colonization in Mouse Colon
Authors: Koprivsek John J. , He Ying , Song Chenchen , Zhang Nu , Tumanov Alexei , Zhong Guangming
Published: December 2019

Revealing the mechanisms by which bacteria establish long-lasting colonization in the gastrointestinal tract is an area of intensive investigation. The obligate intracellular bacteriumChlamydiais known to colonize mouse colon for long periods. A colonization-deficient mutant strain of this intracellular bacterium is able to regain long-lasting colonization in gamma interferon (IFN-γ) knockout mice following intracolon inoculation.
JC Polyomavirus Infection Reveals Delayed Progression of the Infectious Cycle in Normal Human Astrocytes
Authors: Wilczek Michael P. , DuShane Jeanne K. , Armstrong Francesca J. , Maginnis Melissa S.
Published: December 2019

Animal models are crucial in advancing biomedical research and defining the pathogenesis of human disease. Unfortunately, not all diseases can be easily modeled in a nonhuman host or such models are cost prohibitive to generate, including models for the human-specific virus JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). JCPyV infects most of the population but can cause a rare, fatal disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). There have been considerable advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms of JCPyV infection, but this has mostly been limited to immortalized cell culture models. In contrast, PML pathogenesis research has been greatly hindered because of the lack of an animal model. We have further characterized JCPyV infection in primary human astrocytes to better define the infectious process in a primary cell type. Albeit a cell culture model, primary astrocytes may better recapitulate human disease, are easier to maintain than other primary cells, and are less expensive than using an animal model.
A Mechanosensitive Channel Governs Lipid Flippase-Mediated Echinocandin Resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Cao Chengjun , Wang Yina , Husain Seema , Soteropoulos Patricia , Xue Chaoyang
Published: December 2019

Cryptococcus neoformans
is the leading cause of fungal meningitis, accounting for ∼15% of HIV/AIDS-related deaths, but treatment options for cryptococcosis are limited. Echinocandins are the newest fungicidal drug class introduced but are ineffective in treating cryptococcosis. Our previous study identified the lipid flippase subunit Cdc50 as a contributor to echinocandin resistance in
C. neoformans
. Here, we further elucidated the mechanism of Cdc50-mediated caspofungin drug resistance. We discovered that Cdc50 interacts with the mechanosensitive calcium channel protein Crm1 to regulate calcium homeostasis and caspofungin resistance via calcium/calcineurin signaling. These results provide novel insights into echinocandin resistance in this pathogen, which may lead to new treatment options, as well as inform echinocandin resistance mechanisms in other fungal organisms and, hence, advance our understanding of modes of antifungal drug susceptibility and resistance.
Influenza’s Newest Trick
Authors: Taubenberger Jeffery K.
Published: December 2019

Influenza A viruses are important pathogens for humans and for many birds and mammals. Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are the major surface proteins of this enveloped RNA virus.
Dynamic Changes of Gut Microbial Communities of Bumble Bee Queens through Important Life Stages
Authors: Wang Liuhao , Wu Jie , Li Kai , Sadd Ben M. , Guo Yulong , Zhuang Daohua , Zhang Zhengyi , Chen Yanping , Evans Jay D. , Guo Jun , Zhang Zhigang , Li Jilian
Published: December 2019

Bumble bee queens undergo a number of biological changes as they transition through adult emergence, mating, overwintering, foraging, and colony initiation including egg laying. Therefore, they represent an important system to understand the link between physiological, behavioral, and environmental changes and host-associated microbiota. It is plausible that the bumble bee queen gut bacteria play a role in shaping the ability of the queen to survive environmental extremes and reproduce, due to long-established coevolutionary relationships between the host and microbiome members.
Differences in channel and hillslope geometry record a migrating uplift wave at the Mendocino triple junction, California, USA
Authors: Clubb Fiona J. , Mudd Simon M. , Hurst Martin D. , Grieve Stuart W.D.
Published: December 2019

Tectonic plate motion, and the resulting change in land surface elevation, has been shown to have a fundamental impact on landscape morphology. Changes to uplift rates can drive a response in fluvial channels, which then drives changes to hillslopes. Because hillslopes respond on different time scales than fluvial channels, investigating the geometry of channels and hillslopes in concert provides novel opportunities to examine how uplift rates may have changed through time. Here we perform coupled topographic analysis of channel and hillslope geometry across a series of catchments at the Mendocino triple junction (MTJ) in northern California, USA. These catchments are characterized by an order-of-magnitude difference in uplift rate from north to south. We find that dimensionless hillslope relief closely matches the uplift signal across the area and is positively correlated with channel steepness. Furthermore, the range of uncertainty in hillslope relief is lower than that of channel steepness, suggesting that it may be a more reliable recorder of uplift in the MTJ region. We find that hilltop curvature lags behind relief in its response to uplift, which in turn lags behind channel response. These combined metrics show the northward migration of the MTJ and the corresponding uplift field from topographic data alone.
Endometrial stromal sarcoma in a 20-year-old woman
Authors: Sohail Rubina , Kanwal Shahlla , Murtaza Adnan , Haq Bushra
Published: December 2019

Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is an uncommon and challenging condition comprising 10% of all uterine sarcomas and found in women 42–58 years of age. ESS is difficult to diagnose in young women as it masquerades as a leiomyoma. We report this tumour in a 20-year-old woman presenting with heavy and prolonged menses and urinary retention. She was not sexually active and did not give consent for pelvic examination. A preoperative diagnosis of a submucous leiomyoma with an adnexal mass was made. At laparotomy, the leiomyoma was found to be wedged between the cervix and the vagina, and was removed vaginally. A 5–6 cm retroperitoneal mass was adherent to the right pelvic wall, which was also removed. Histopathology of both specimens revealed ESS. The final diagnosis according to the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics classification was stage IV ESS. After oncology consult, she was referred for chemotherapy. She is now on follow-up.
An 18-year-old woman with pulmonary nodules found to have cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 deficiency
Authors: Al Baroudi Sahar , Collaco Joseph Michael , McGrath-Morrow Sharon
Published: December 2019

An 18-year-old woman was admitted with abdominal pain and hematochezia. She was previously healthy until 15 years of age and was subsequently diagnosed with hypogammaglobulinemia, protein-losing enteropathy, a benign temporal lobe brain lesion/orbital fibroadenoma, autoimmune hepatitis, iron deficiency anaemia and hypothyroidism. She developed respiratory distress and hypoxemia. She was found to have nodules on chest CT scan. She was diagnosed with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 deficiency via genetic testing.
Hoffa fracture accompanied by dissection of the popliteal artery
Authors: Goos Jacqueline Antonia Christiana , Emmink Benjamin Lucas , Nieuwenhuis Dorothee , Bosman Willem-Maarten
Published: December 2019

After a high-energy trauma, a 37-year-old motorcyclist presented to the emergency ward with a Hoffa fracture of the lateral femoral condyle of the right knee. Following admission, the patient developed a pale, cold and pulseless right foot. CT angiography scan showed a 5 cm dissection of the popliteal artery. Emergency arterial reconstruction was performed and the Hoffa fracture was repaired in a second stage. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with a Hoffa fracture accompanied by a popliteal artery dissection.
Changes in secondhand smoke exposure levels and risk of type 2 diabetes in middle age: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES)
Authors: Jeon Jooeun , Jung Keum Ji , Kimm Heejin , Jee Sun Ha
Published: December 2019

Objectives

Secondhand smoke (SHS) was known as one of the risk factors for type 2 diabetes. So far, some studies revealed the association of SHS exposure and type 2 diabetes, however, no studies to show the relationship of cumulative SHS exposure with type 2 diabetes exist. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify subgroups of participants who share similar trajectories in SHS exposure levels in middle age by using latent class growth modeling, and determine the independent association of these SHS exposure level trajectories with risk of incident type 2 diabetes.

Methods

In Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (2001–2014), 2079 participants aged 40 years and above who received biennially health check-up to follow-up and with available information of SHS exposure were selected. Four distinct trajectory groups (low-stable, moderate to low, moderate, and high to low) were identified for SHS exposure levels using trajectory modeling methods. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the association of trajectories with risk of type 2 diabetes.

Results

During 24 083.3 person-years of follow-up (mean follow-up duration, 11.6 years), 200 incident cases of type 2 diabetes and 640 incident cases of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were identified. In multivariable Cox model, ‘High to low’ trajectory was significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.3 to 2.8) compared with ‘Low-stable’. For IFG, all trajectories had significantly 30%–30% higher risk of type 2 diabetes compared with the ‘Low-stable’ trajectory.

Conclusions

Changes in SHS exposure levels have been shown to associate with subsequent type 2 diabetes risk. Reversing high exposure level of SHS in middle-aged adulthood may still lead to worse progressions of type 2 diabetes than remaining stable exposure level.
Ethics of socially assistive robots in aged-care settings: a socio-historical contextualisation
Authors: Vandemeulebroucke Tijs , Dierckx de Casterlé Bernadette , Gastmans Chris
Published: December 2019

Different embodiments of technology permeate all layers of public and private domains in society. In the public domain of aged care, attention is increasingly focused on the use of socially assistive robots (SARs) supporting caregivers and older adults to guarantee that older adults receive care. The introduction of SARs in aged-care contexts is joint by intensive empirical and philosophical research. Although these efforts merit praise, current empirical and philosophical research are still too far separated. Strengthening the connection between these two fields is crucial to have a full understanding of the ethical impact of these technological artefacts. To bridge this gap, we propose a philosophical-ethical framework for SAR use, one that is grounded in the dialogue between empirical-ethical knowledge about and philosophical-ethical reflection on SAR use. We highlight the importance of considering the intuitions of older adults and their caregivers in this framework. Grounding philosophical-ethical reflection in these intuitions opens the ethics of SAR use in aged care to its own socio-historical contextualisation. Referring to the work of Margaret Urban Walker, Joan Tronto and Andrew Feenberg, it is argued that this socio-historical contextualisation of the ethics of SAR use already has strong philosophical underpinnings. Moreover, this contextualisation enables us to formulate a rudimentary decision-making process about SAR use in aged care which rests on three pillars: (1) stakeholders’ intuitions about SAR use as sources of knowledge; (2) interpretative dialogues as democratic spaces to discuss the ethics of SAR use; (3) the concretisation of ethics in SAR use.
Incomplete stent apposition of low-profile visualized intraluminal support stents in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Zhang Huan , Gao Xiaoping , Liang Hui , Ren Yi
Published: December 2019

Objective

This study retrospectively analyzed the risk factors, management strategies, and complications of incomplete stent apposition (ISA) of low-profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) stents after initial deployment in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms.

Methods

The clinical characteristics of ISA or wall apposition (WA) of LVIS stent after initial deployment were analyzed. The risk factors of ISA were identified using univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The clinical characteristics of ISA following different management strategies were also shown.

Results

The retrospective study enrolled 303 patients with 315 LVIS stent-assisted aneurysms. Fifty-nine patients with 59 stents showed ISA after initial deployment. At the end of the study, the presence of ISA was only observed in eight patients (2.5%). The stent-subtended arc angle (>90) and the aneurysm of the internal carotid artery (ICA) were associated with ISA. The stent-subtended arc angle (>90) and stent size (4.5*20 mm) were independent risk factors of ISA. The incidence of thromboembolic events in the ISA group was significantly higher than that in the WA group. After the treatment of ISA, there was no significant difference in good outcomes between patients with ISA and those with WA after initial deployment.

Conclusions

ISA is more likely to occur at tortuous vessels. The stent-subtended arc angle (>90) and LVIS size (4.5*20 mm) were independent risk factors of ISA. ISA led to significantly increased incidence of thromboembolic events. However, ISA after initial deployment did not affect the patient's prognosis.
Transarterial and transvenous access for neurointerventional surgery: report of the SNIS Standards and Guidelines Committee
Authors: Starke Robert M , Snelling Brian , Al-Mufti Fawaz , Gandhi Chirag D , Lee Seon-Kyu , Dabus Guilherme , Fraser Justin F
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this publication is to provide a comprehensive review on the techniques and tools used for vascular access in neurointerventional procedures. Using published literature, we reviewed data on access methods, sites, tools, and techniques for neurointerventions. Recommendations are provided based on quality of data/levels of evidence and, where appropriate, expert consensus. While tools and techniques continue to be developed, current literature and experience supports certain principles regarding vascular access for neurointerventional procedures.
Conversion of guaiacol as lignin model component using acid-treated, multi-walled carbon nanotubes supported Ru–MnO bimetallic catalysts
Authors: Long Wei , Liu Pingle , Xiong Wei , Hao Fang , Luo He’an
Published: December 2019

Acid-treated, multi-walled carbon nanotube (AMWCNT) supported Ru and MnO bimetallic catalysts were prepared for liquid phase hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol. The physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts were characterized by FTIR, XRD, NH3-TPD, CO2-TPD, TEM, and XPS. MnO species were loaded on the inner surface of carbon nanotubes and were helpful for Ru particle dispersion. The 6%Ru-8%MnO/AMWCNTs with smaller Ru particle size, better dispersion, and more basic sites gave the best catalytic performance of 99.38% conversion of guaiacol and 85.84% selectivity to cyclohexanol. The effects of reaction conditions on liquid phase guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation were discussed and a possible reaction path was proposed.
Simulation Optimization Using Multi-Time-Scale Adaptive Random Search
Authors: Zhang Qi , Hu Jiaqiao
Published: December 2019

We propose a random search algorithm for seeking the global optimum of an objective function in a simulation setting. The algorithm can be viewed as an extension of the MARS algorithm proposed in Hu and Hu (2011) for deterministic optimization, which iteratively finds improved solutions by modifying and sampling from a parameterized probability distribution over the solution space. However, unlike MARS and many other algorithms in this class, which are often population-based, our method only requires a single candidate solution to be generated at each iteration. This is primarily achieved through an effective use of past sampling information by means of embedding multiple nested stochastic approximation type of recursions into the algorithm. We prove the global convergence of the algorithm under general conditions and discuss two special simulation noise cases of interest, in which we show that only one simulation replication run is needed for each sampled solution. A preliminary numerical study is also carried out to illustrate the algorithm.
Intercepting a Superior Missile: Trajectory Optimization Approach to a Pursuit-Evasion Game
Authors: Altaher Mohammad , Nomir Omaima , ElMougy Samir
Published: December 2019

This paper handles the problem of intercepting a superior missile using a formation of lower-capabilities pursuers. The problem is formulated as multi-player differential game and solved using optimal control techniques. This approach makes use of the Apollonius circles as a final path constraint of the problem in order to achieve the capturing conditions. Additionally, a dimensionality reduction technique based on differential flatness property of the formation is investigated.
Radical factorization for trivial extensions and amalgamated duplication rings
Authors: Dumitrescu Tiberiu , Mahdou Najib , Zahir Youssef
Published: December 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring extension such that [Formula: see text] is a trivial extension of [Formula: see text] (denoted by [Formula: see text]) or an amalgamated duplication of [Formula: see text] along some ideal of [Formula: see text] (denoted by [Formula: see text]. This paper examines the transfer of AM-ring, N-ring, SSP-ring and SP-ring between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We study the transfer of those properties to trivial ring extension. Call a special SSP-ring an SSP-ring of the following type: it is the trivial extension of [Formula: see text] by a C-module [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is an SSP-ring, [Formula: see text] a von Neumann regular ring and [Formula: see text] a multiplication C-module. We show that every SSP-ring with finitely many minimal primes which is a trivial extension is in fact special. Furthermore, we study the transfer of the above properties to amalgamated duplication along an ideal with some extra hypothesis. Our results allows us to construct nontrivial and original examples of rings satisfying the above properties.
Monomial generators of complete planar ideals
Authors: Alberich-Carramiñana Maria , Montaner Josep Àlvarez , Blanco Guillem
Published: December 2019

We provide an algorithm that computes a set of generators for any complete ideal in a smooth complex surface. More interestingly, these generators admit a presentation as monomials in a set of maximal contact elements associated to the minimal log-resolution of the ideal. Furthermore, the monomial expression given by our method is an equisingularity invariant of the ideal. As an outcome, we provide a geometric method to compute the integral closure of a planar ideal and we apply our algorithm to some families of complete ideals.
Large deviation rates for Markov branching processes
Authors: Li Junping , Cheng Lan , Pakes Anthony G. , Chen Anyue , Li Liuyan
Published: December 2019

Large deviation rates are determined for quantities associated with a Markov branching process [Formula: see text] having offspring mean [Formula: see text] and split rate [Formula: see text]. The principal quantities examined are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the almost sure limit of an appropriately normed version of [Formula: see text]. Modifications and conditional versions are examined. Some of this requires determination of the asymptotic behavior of harmonic moments [Formula: see text].
Geometrical, vibrational and physical properties of polyvinyl chloride nanocomposites: Molecular modeling approach
Authors: Refaat A. , Ibrahim M. A. , Elhaes H. , Badry R. , Ezzat H. , Yahia I. S. , Zahran H. Y. , Shkir Mohd.
Published: December 2019

B3LYP/6-31G([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) quantum mechanical calculations were conducted to study polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and PVC with metal oxides (ZnO and CuO). Accordingly, model molecules for PVC; PVC/[Formula: see text]ZnO; PVC/[Formula: see text]CuO and PVC/[Formula: see text]ZnO/[Formula: see text]CuO, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], 2 and 3, were proposed. The calculated results of total dipole moment (TDM), HOMO–LUMO energy band gap, and molecular electrostatic potentials (ESPs) indicated that the conductivity of PVC is increased and its surface became more reactive due to interaction with metal oxides. The effect of hydration on PVC was also studied at the same level of theory in order to assess the effect of up to 23 water molecules on PVC. The TDM value of PVC is increased but HOMO/LUMO band gap energy value is decreased because of hydration. Moreover, the results of calculated ESP indicated that the reactivity in the presence of water molecules increased, which could indicate possible degradation of PVC. Additionally, some geometrical parameters were studied. Furthermore, the scaled infrared spectrum (IR) for PVC was also calculated at B3LYP/6-31G ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and indicated that there are two bands at 2990[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] and 2975[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] in comparison with Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR).
Poly(aniline-co-pyrrole)-coated Ni-doped manganese dioxide as electrode materials for supercapacitors
Authors: Dong Jie , Yang Qinghao , Zhao Qiuli , Hou Zhenzhong , Zhou Yue , Zhang Ruigang
Published: December 2019

Electrode materials with a high specific capacitance, outstanding reversibility and excellent cycle stability are constantly pursued for supercapacitors. In this paper, we present an approach to improve the electrochemical performance by combining the advantages of both inorganic and organic. Ni-MnO2/PANi-co-PPy composites are synthesized, with the copolymer of aniline/pyrrole being coated on the surface of Ni-doped manganese dioxide nanospheres. The inorganic–organic composite enables a substantial increase in its specific capacitance and cycle stability. When the mass ratio of Ni-MnO2 to aniline and pyrrole mixed monomer is 1:5, the composite delivers high specific capacitance of 445.49[Formula: see text]F/g at a scan rate of 2[Formula: see text]mV/s and excellent cycle stability of 61.65% retention after 5000 cycles. The results indicate that the Ni-MnO2/PANi-co-PPy composites are promising electrode materials for future supercapacitors application.
Physiological Signals-based Emotion Recognition via High-order Correlation Learning
Authors: Zhu Junjie , Wei Yuxuan , Feng Yifan , Zhao Xibin , Gao Yue
Published: December 2019

Emotion recognition by physiological signals is an effective way to discern the inner state of human beings and therefore has been widely adopted in many user-centered applications. The majority of current state-of-the-art methods focus on exploring relationship among emotion and physiological signals. Given some particular features of the natural process of emotional expression, it is still a challenging and urgent issue to efficiently combine such high-order correlations among multimodal physiological signals and subjects. To tackle the problem, a novel multi-hypergraph neural networks is proposed, in which one hypergraph is established with one type of physiological signals to formulate inter-subject correlations. Each one of the vertices in a hypergraph stands for one subject with a description of its related stimuli, and the complex correlations among the vertices can be formulated through hyperedges. With the multi-hypergraph structure of the subjects, emotion recognition is translated into classification of vertices in the multi-hypergraph structure. Experimental results with the DEAP dataset and ASCERTAIN dataset demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods.
Characterizing Subtle Facial Movements via Riemannian Manifold
Authors: Hong Xiaopeng , Peng Wei , Harandi Mehrtash , Zhou Ziheng , Pietikäinen Matti , Zhao Guoying
Published: December 2019

Characterizing subtle facial movements from videos is one of the most intensive topics in computer vision research. It is, however, challenging, since (1) the intensity of subtle facial muscle movement is usually low, (2) the duration may be transient, and (3) datasets containing spontaneous subtle movements with reliable annotations are painful to obtain and often of small sizes.

This article is targeted at addressing these problems for characterizing subtle facial movements from both the aspects of motion elucidation and description. First, we propose an efficient method for elucidating hidden and repressed movements to make them easier to get noticed. We explore the feasibility of linearizing motion magnification and temporal interpolation, which is obscured by the architecture of existing methods. On this basis, we propose a consolidated framework, termed MOTEL, to expand temporal duration and amplify subtle facial movements simultaneously. Second, we make our contribution to dynamic description. One major challenge is to capture the intrinsic temporal variations caused by movements and omit extrinsic ones caused by different individuals and various environments. To diminish the influences of such extrinsic diversity, we propose the tangent delta descriptor to characterize the dynamics of short-term movements using the differences between points on the tangent spaces to the manifolds, rather than the points themselves. We then relax the trajectory-smooth assumption of the conventional manifold-based trajectory modeling methods and incorporate the tangent delta descriptor with the sequential inference approaches to cover the period of facial movements. The proposed motion modeling approach is validated by a series of experiments on publicly available datasets in the tasks of
micro-expression recognition
and
visual speech recognition
.
Creating a Knowledge Base to Research the History of UK Museums through Rapid Application Development
Authors: Poulovassilis Alexandra , Larsson Nick , Candlin Fiona , Larkin Jamie , Ballatore Andrea
Published: December 2019

Several studies have highlighted the absence of an integrated comprehensive dataset covering all of the UK’s museums, hence impeding research into the emergence, evolution, and wider impact of the UK’s museums sector. “Mapping Museums” is an interdisciplinary project aiming to develop a comprehensive database of UK museums in existence since 1960, and to use this to undertake an evidence-based analysis of the development of the UK’s museum sector during 1960--2020 and the links to wider cultural, social, and political concerns. A major part of the project has been the iterative, participatory design of a new RDF/S Knowledge Base to store data and metadata relating to the UK’s museums, and a Web Application for the project’s humanities scholars to browse, search, and visualise the data to investigate their research questions. This article presents the challenges we faced in developing the Knowledge Base and Web Application, our methodology and methods, the design and implementation of the system, and the design, outcomes, and implications of a user trial undertaken with a group of experts from the UK’s museums sector.
Artificial intelligence
Authors: Hilton Alexander D.
Published: December 2019

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing field; one that is mysterious to the general public. The mention of the word AI fills the imaginations of many with thoughts of talking robots, jobs being replaced, and possibly even the destruction of mankind. Perhaps imaginations are running wild due to, perhaps driven by the loose definition of AI as systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence that allows Hollywood to take some creative license. The experts in the field tend to work directly with AI and often for large companies, allowing for the imagination and news headlines to be where the public gets their information. Many wonder if this new technology is going to be an overall benefit to society or if it will bring unmitigated disaster. When the imagination runs wild, instead of understanding, news stories can perpetuate concerns and anxieties rather than hope and optimism.
Controlling Interactions with Libraries in Android Apps Through Runtime Enforcement
Authors: Riganelli Oliviero , Micucci Daniela , Mariani Leonardo
Published: December 2019

Android applications are executed on smartphones equipped with a variety of resources that must be properly accessed and controlled, otherwise the correctness of the executions and the stability of the entire environment might be negatively affected. For example, apps must properly acquire, use, and release microphones, cameras, and other multimedia devices, otherwise the behavior of the apps that use the same resources might be compromised.

Unfortunately, several apps do not use resources correctly, for instance, due to faults and inaccurate design decisions. By interacting with these apps, users may experience unexpected behaviors, which in turn may cause instability and sporadic failures, especially when resources are accessed.

In this article, we present an approach that lets users
protect
their environment from the apps that use resources improperly by enforcing the correct usage protocol. This is achieved by using
software enforcers
that can observe executions and change them when necessary. For instance, enforcers can detect that a resource has been acquired but not released and automatically perform the release operation, thus giving the possibility to use that same resource to the other apps.

The main idea is that software libraries, in particular, the ones controlling access to resources, can be augmented with enforcers that can be activated and deactivated on demand by users to protect their environment from unwanted app behaviors. We call the software libraries augmented with one or more enforcers
proactive libraries
, because the activation of the enforcer decorates the library with
proactive behaviors
that can guarantee the correctness of the execution despite the invocation of the operations implemented by the library. For example, enforcers can detect that a resource has not been released on time and proactively release it.

Our experimental results with 27 possible misuses of resources in real Android apps reveal that proactive libraries are able to effectively correct library misuses with negligible runtime overheads.
Role of Mammalian DNA Methyltransferases in Development
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Zhang Yi
Published: December 2019

DNA methylation at the 5-position of cytosine (5mC) plays vital roles in mammalian development. DNA methylation is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and the two DNMT families, DNMT3 and DNMT1, are responsible for methylation establishment and maintenance, respectively. Since their discovery, biochemical and structural studies have revealed the key mechanisms underlying how DNMTs catalyze de novo and maintenance DNA methylation. In particular, recent development of low-input genomic and epigenomic technologies has deepened our understanding of DNA methylation regulation in germ lines and early stage embryos. In this review, we first describe the methylation machinery including the DNMTs and their essential cofactors. We then discuss how DNMTs are recruited to or excluded from certain genomic elements. Lastly, we summarize recent understanding of the regulation of DNA methylation dynamics in mammalian germ lines and early embryos with a focus on both mice and humans.
Controlling Binder Adhesion to Impact Electrode Mesostructure and Transport
Authors: Srivastava Ishan , Bolintineanu Dan S. , Lechman Jeremy B. , Roberts Scott Alan
Published: December 2019

The complex three-phase composition of lithium-ion battery electrodes - containing an ion-conducting pore phase, a nanoporous electron-conducting carbon binder domain (CBD) phase, and an active material (AM) phase - provides several avenues of mesostructural engineering to enhance battery performance. We demonstrate a promising strategy for engineering electrode mesostructures by controlling the strength of adhesion between the AM and CBD phases. Using high-fidelity, physics-based colloidal and granular dynamics simulations, we predict that this strategy can provide significant control over electrochemical transport-relevant properties such as ionic conductivity, electronic conductivity, and available AM surface area. Importantly, the proposed strategy could be experimentally realized through surface functionalization of the AM and CBD phases and would be compatible with traditional electrode manufacturing methods.
Adult Ileocolic Intussusception from the Appendix
Authors: Green Natalie , Krantz William , Tadros Allison
Published: December 2019

Intussusception is more commonly considered in the pediatric patient with abdominal pain, but can occur in adults as well. Adult patients are more likely to have an underlying intra-abdominal pathology leading to the condition. We present an adult patient presenting with abdominal pain with ileocecal intussusception diagnosed on imaging and confirmed surgically. In this case, appendiceal pathology served as the lead point for the intussusception.
Simultaneous Determination of Schisandrin and Promethazine with Its Metabolite in Rat Plasma by HPLC-MS/MS and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Gao Sijia , Zhou Xuelin , Lang Liwei , Liu Honghong , Li Jianyu , Li Haotian , Wei Shizhang , Wang Dan , Xu Zhuo , Cai Huadan , Zhao Yanling , Zou Wenjun
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to develop a selective, simple, and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of schisandrin and promethazine (PMZ) with its metabolite in rat plasma, which was further used for a pharmacokinetic herb-drug interaction study. HPLC-MS/MS analyses were performed on an Agilent Technologies 1290 LC and a 6410 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The following parameters, the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), calibration curve, accuracy, precision, stability, matrix effect, and recovery, were validated. The linear range of the developed method for PMZ, its metabolite promethazine sulfoxide (PMZSO), and schisandrin in rat plasma was 0.5–200 ng/mL (R2 > 0.995), with an LLOQ of 0.5 ng/mL, which completely met the determination requirements of biosamples. The intra- and interday precision (RSD, %) was below 13.31% (below 16.67% for the LLOQ) in various plasma, whose accuracy (bias, %) was from −8.52% to 11.40%, which were both within an acceptable range. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic herb-drug interaction study after oral administration of PMZ with or without S. chinensis water extract. The results demonstrated that coadministration with the S. chinensis water extract might affect the pharmacokinetic behaviors of PMZ. In turn, when taken together with PMZ, the pharmacokinetic parameters of schisandrin, the main active component of S. chinensis, were also affected. The method established in the current study was selective, simple, sensitive, and widely available with good linearity, high accuracy and precision, and a stable sample preparation process. Moreover, this analytical method provides a significant approach for the investigation of herb-drug interaction between S. chinensis and PMZ. The potential pharmacokinetic herb-drug interaction of PMZ- and schisandrin-containing preparations should be noted.
Etiology and Prognosis of Cardiogenic Shock in a Secondary Center without Surgical Back-Up
Authors: Bonello Laurent , Laine Marc , Puymirat Etienne , Ceccaldi Victoria , Gaubert Mélanie , Paganelli Franck , Thuny Pr Franck , Dabry Thibaut , Schurtz Guillaume , Delmas Clement , Mancini Julien , Lemesle Gilles
Published: December 2019

Background. Cardiogenic shock (CS) remains a major challenge in contemporary cardiology. Data regarding CS etiologies and their prognosis are limited and mainly derived from tertiary referral centers. Aims. To investigate the current etiologies of cardiogenic shock and their associated short- and long-term outcomes in a secondary center without surgical back-up. Methods. We performed an observational prospective monocenter study. All patients admitted for a first episode of CS related to left ventricular dysfunction were enrolled. The definition of CS was consistent with the European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Patients were followed for 6 months. Etiologies were analyzed, and survival rates derived from Kaplan-Meier estimates were compared with the log-rank test. Results. Between January 2015 and January 2016, 152 patients were included. The first most common cause of CS was acute decompensation of chronic heart failure (CHF). Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) were the second most common cause of CS (35.4%). At one month, the all-cause mortality rate was 39.5% and was similar between ACS and CHF (43% vs 35%, respectively; p=0.7). In a landmark analysis between 1 and 6 months, we observed a significantly higher mortality in patients with CHF than in patients with ACS (18% vs. 0%; p=0.01). Conclusions. In the present registry, acute decompensation of chronic heart failure was the most common cause of CS, while ACS complicated by CS was the second most common cause. Of importance, acute decompensation of CHF was associated with a significantly worse outcome than ACS in the long term.
Use of SPY Elite Fluorescence Imaging in Creation of a Continent Urinary Diversion
Authors: Hajiran Ali , Zekan David , Trump Tyler , Dangerfield Dylan , Luchey Adam
Published: December 2019

The use of SPY Elite Fluorescence Imaging has recently grown popular among multiple surgical specialties, including colorectal, plastic, endocrine, ophthalmologic, and vascular surgery, due to its ability to quickly and accurately assess tissue perfusion and guide intraoperative decision making. To our knowledge, the use of SPY imaging in urologic reconstructive surgery has yet to be reported. We present a case in which SPY imaging was used intraoperatively to assess perfusion of an ileocecal anastomosis and a segment of bowel prior to creation of a continent urinary diversion following radical cystectomy.
The Effect of Hypertension Duration and the Age of Onset on CV Risk Factors Expression in Perimenopausal Women
Authors: Trtica Majnarić Ljiljana , Martinović Ivo , Šabanović Šefket , Rudan Stjepan , Babič František , Wittlinger Thomas
Published: December 2019

Background. The impact of hypertension duration and the time of onset on the expression of metabolic syndrome (MS) and other CV risk factors, in perimenopausal women, have not been studied so far. Methods. A total of 202 women, old 47–59 years, and diagnosed with hypertension, were recruited from primary care practices in eastern Croatia. The categories of hypertension duration were defined as <5, 5–10, and >10 years. Data were analyzed by standard statistical procedures. Results. The proportion of women with MS increases in parallel with hypertension duration (p = 0.025). Among the examined CV risk factors, significant increase in parallel with hypertension duration was found for body mass index (p = 0.007) and triglycerides (p = 0.07). The highest proportion of women with diabetes duration of less than 5 years, indicating recent diabetes onset, was found in the category of hypertension duration of less than 5 years, corresponding with the onset of hypertension in the time around menopause (p = 0.003). The strongest linear correlations with BMI and waist circumference were found for total serum cholesterol (r = 0.355 and 0.499, respectively). Conclusion. Hypertension onset at the time around menopause appears together with abdominal obesity and may be a driving force for CV risk factor accumulation in postmenopausal women.