bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A History of the Case Study
Authors: Lang Birgit , Damousi Joy , Lewis Alison
Published: April 2023

This volume tells the story of the case study genre at a time when it became the genre par excellence for discussing human sexuality across the humanities and the life sciences. A History of the Case Study takes the reader on a transcontinental journey from the imperial world of fin-de-siècle Central Europe and the Austro-Hungarian Empire to the interwar metropolises of Weimar Germany, and to the United States of America in the post-war years.
Foregrounding the figures of case study pioneers, and always alert to the radical implications of their engagement with the genre, the six chapters scrutinise the case writing practices of Sigmund Freud and his predecessor sexologist Richard von Krafft-Ebing; writers such as Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Oskar Panizza and Alfred Döblin; Weimar intellectuals such as Erich Wulffen, and New York psychoanalyst Viola Bernard. There result important new insights into the continuing legacy of such writers, and into the agency increasingly claimed by the readerships that emerged with the development of modernity—from readers who self-identified as masochists, to conmen and female criminals.
Where previous accounts of the case study have tended to consider the history of the genre from a single disciplinary perspective, this book is structured by the interdisciplinary approach most applicable to the ambivalent context of modernity. It focuses on key moments in the genre’s past, occasions when and where the conventions of the case study were contested as part of a more profound enquiry into the nature of the human subject.
Everyday Resistance, Peacebuilding and State-Making
Authors: de Heredia Marta Iñiguez
Published: April 2023

Everyday resistance, peacebuilding and state-making addresses debates on liberal peace and the policies of peacebuilding through a theoretical and empirical study of resistance in peacebuilding contexts. Examining the case of ‘Africa’s World War’ in the DRC, it locates resistance in the experiences of war, peacebuilding and state-making by exploring discourses, violence and everyday forms of survival as acts that attempt to challenge or mitigate such experiences. The analysis of resistance offers a possibility to bring the historical and sociological aspects of both peacebuilding and the case of the DRC, providing new nuanced understanding of these processes and the particular case.
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis due to insect bites: Moroccan observation
Authors:   Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco, Boularbah Siham , Soughi Meryem ,   Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco, Oujdi Sabrina ,   Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
Published: April 2023

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is the most common generalized pustular rash. It is a delayed immunological reaction involving cellular immunity and is characterized by the sudden, simultaneous onset of high fever and scarlatiniform sheet erythema, which, in several hours, is covered with numerous pustules with a lactescent content, non-follicular, sterile, predominant on the face, trunk, and folds. It regresses in less than fifteen days after stopping the causative agent giving way to diffuse desquamation. Several incriminating factors in the triggering of this reaction, in particular, at the top of the list, taking medication, a viral (enterovirus) or bacterial (streptococcal) infection, yet its occurrence following an insect bite has been exceptionally reported in the literature. The diagnosis is established according to clinical and histological criteria. Herein, we report the case of a young Moroccan female with generalized AGEP related to insect bites. Key words: Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis; EuroSCAR; Insect Bites
Needs to Change Behaviour in Households Producing Lots of Food Waste
Authors: Närvä Margit , Alarinta Jarmo , Wirtanen Gun
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this research was to investigate avoidable food waste among households of students studying in higher education in Sein¨ajoki. The focus was to quantify the avoidable food waste in different-sized households. The focus was also to specify food categories wasted, and the main reasons for avoidable food waste accumulated. The participating households weighed all their food waste during the one-week monitoring period recording the data on an Excel spreadsheet. The university students taking part in the study were introduced to the work by video instruction. In total 421 households with 918 persons took part in this study. It was found that the average amount of avoidable food waste was equal to 25.2 kg/person/year. In single person households, the amount was 36.6 kg/year. The amount for households with five or more persons was 80.0 kg/household i.e. 14.1 kg/person. This research showed that 25 % of the households caused 56 % of the avoidable food waste, which means that main efforts should be targeted to this ’heavy wasting’ group. One way of improving the good practices would be to share good habits related to lowering food waste among university students through peer learning. This study is aimed to awaken the ’heavy wasting’ university student to change their attitude and behaviour.
Courtship behaviour reveals temporal regularity is a critical social cue in mouse communication
Authors: Perrodin Catherine , Verzat Colombine , Bendor Daniel
Published: April 2023

While animals navigating the real world face a barrage of sensory input, their brains evolved to perceptually compress multidimensional information by selectively extracting the features relevant for survival. Notably, communication signals supporting social interactions in several mammalian species consist of acoustically complex sequences of vocalizations. However, little is known about what information listeners extract from such time-varying sensory streams. Here, we utilize female mice’s natural behavioural response to male courtship songs to identify the relevant acoustic dimensions used in their social decisions. We found that females were highly sensitive to disruptions of song temporal regularity, and preferentially approached playbacks of intact over rhythmically irregular versions of male songs. In contrast, female behaviour was invariant to manipulations affecting the songs’ sequential organization, or the spectro-temporal structure of individual syllables. The results reveal temporal regularity as a key acoustic cue extracted by mammalian listeners from complex vocal sequences during goal-directed social behaviour.
A novel evidence combination method based on stochastic approach for link-structure analysis algorithm and Lance-Williams distance
Authors: Tang Qi , Xiao Jianyu , Wu Kefeng
Published: April 2023

In response to the traditional Dempster–Shafer (D-S) combination rule that cannot handle highly conflicting evidence, an evidence combination method based on the stochastic approach for link-structure analysis (SALSA) algorithm combined with Lance-Williams distance is proposed. Firstly, the degree of conflict between evidences is calculated based on the number of correlation coefficients between evidences. Then, the evidences with a number of correlation coefficients greater than the average number of correlation coefficients of evidence are connected to construct an evidence association network. The authority weight of the evidence is calculated based on the number of citations in the concept of SALSA algorithm combined with the support of the evidence. Subsequently, the Lance-Williams distance between the evidences is calculated and transformed into support of the evidence. Next, the authority weight and support of evidence are combined to jointly construct a novel correction coefficient to correct the evidence. Finally, the corrected evidence is fused using the D-S combination rule to obtain the final fusion result. The numerical results verify that the method proposed in this paper can effectively solve the problem of the traditional D-S combination rule being unable to handle highly conflicting evidence.
Exploration of Chinese cultural communication mode based on the Internet of Things and mobile multimedia technology
Authors: Xie Dan , Yin Chao
Published: April 2023

Image retrieval technology has emerged as a popular research area of China’s development of cultural digital image dissemination and creative creation with the growth of the Internet and the digital information age. This study uses the shadow image in Shaanxi culture as the research object, suggests a shadow image retrieval model based on CBAM-ResNet50, and implements it in the IoT system to achieve more effective deep-level cultural information retrieval. First, ResNet50 is paired with an attention mechanism to enhance the network’s capacity to extract sophisticated semantic characteristics. The second step is configuring the IoT system’s picture acquisition, processing, and output modules. The image processing module incorporates the CBAM-ResNet50 network to provide intelligent and effective shadow play picture retrieval. The experiment results show that shadow plays on GPU can retrieve images at a millisecond level. Both the first image and the first six photographs may be accurately retrieved, with a retrieval accuracy of 92.5 percent for the first image. This effectively communicates Chinese culture and makes it possible to retrieve detailed shadow-play images.
Gametic cycle and gonadal maturity of Bulimulus bonariensis (Rafinesque, 1833) (Gastropoda: Bulimulidae), in a rural area of Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Díaz Ana Carolina , Martin Stella Maris , Rumi Alejandra
Published: April 2023

Bulimulus bonariensis, a snail distributed over a large part of Argentina, has generated negative effects on the agribusiness. We accordingly conducted a seasonal sampling during 2018–2019 in order to characterize the gametic cycle and establish the size of this gastropod at gonadal maturity. Three reproductive stages were identified: the mature in autumn; the spawn, which begins in winter but occurs mainly in the spring, followed by the post-spawn in summer, where an absence of gonadal rest was evidenced. In the fall, in maturity resorption was observed in addition to abundant primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, and growing vitellogenic oocytes. At the same time, could correlate the degree of spermioviduct development with the stage of gonadal development. Moreover, we used a logistic regression to calculate the size at gonadal maturity, which was established at the total shell length of 12 mm. In addition, we found that at the beginning of reproductive development those gastropods are protogynous hermaphrodites, but after reaching gonadal maturity became simultaneous hermaphrodites. Finally, B. bonariensis also proved to be an iteroparous species. The information provided here will be essential for delineating and establishing population control strategies.
Empreendedorismo feminino em Barreira, Ceará, Brasil
Authors: Xavier Antônio Roberto , Maia Karla Cecília Rodrigues , Cysne Maria do Rosário de Fátima Portela , Kanikadan Andrea Yumi Sugishita , Tavares Carlos Mendes , Felix John Hebert da Silva , Da Fonseca Aluísio Marques , Lima Maria Vandia Guedes
Published: April 2023

Na sociedade brasileira atual, a mulher ainda encontra muitas dificuldades quando o assunto é a inserção no campo do empreendedorismo, sobretudo quando se encontra em uma cidade interiorana, como é o caso deste estudo, que tem por objetivo compreender as motivações e desafios encontrados por mulheres empreendedoras na cidade de Barreira, Ceará, Brasil. Para a construção deste estudo, empregou-se a pesquisa do tipo exploratório-descritiva, de natureza básica, com abordagem qualitativa e método técnico da pesquisa participante. As técnicas de coleta de dados e informações utilizadas foram a observação direta e o questionário-formulário com perguntas abertas aplicadas a seis mulheres empreendedoras no centro urbano da cidade de Barreira. Quanto às técnicas de análise, empregou-se a análise do discurso sociohistórico. Ao proceder com as análises interpretativas dos dados e informações, encontraram-se resultados bastante significativos sobre as dificuldades, motivações e desafios revelados pelas mulheres participantes deste estudo no tocante às práticas empreendedoristas. Apesar dos desafios, é possível concluir que o fenômeno do empreendedorismo feminino se apresenta como alternativa de mudanças e transformações que motivam e viabilizam a inserção das mulheres no mundo do trabalho e no âmbito socioeconômico da coletividade em geral, especificamente na cidade de Barreira, Ceará, Brasil.
Outcomes of Decompressive Craniectomy in Patients with Supratentorial Ischaemic Stroke: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Nagar Jitendra , Madnani Yash , Sharma Anand , Sharma Avinash , Meena Ankit
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Decompressive Craniectomy (DC) is a surgical procedure that entails removing a section of the skull with the aim of preventing neuronal damage and improving the patient’s prognosis. The goal was to determine if DC is associated with reduced risk of death and improved outcomes. Aim: To study the outcome, morbidity and mortality associated with DC in patients with intracranial ischaemic infarct. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal single-centre study was carried in the Department of Neurosurgery, GR Medical College and JA Group of Hospitals, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India, from January 2019 to June 2020. A total of 25 cases were operated on and subsequently followed-up. Patients who were admitted with life-threatening supratentorial infarction and deemed eligible for DC based on clinical assessment {National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)} and neuroimaging with computed tomography head or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain were prospectively included in the study. The outcomes of the study were evaluated based on the functional impairment experienced by patients after a stroke. This was assessed using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), a seven-point scale that ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (death). The assessments were conducted at discharge, three months and six months. Paired t-test was used to analyse the functional outcomes of patients at admission, discharge, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up, using the mRS as the tool of evaluation. The relationship between patient characteristics and neurological outcome was analysed using the Chi-square test. Results: In the study, 25 patients were analysed, with 76% being males. The right hemisphere was affected in 13 (52%) patients, while 12 (48%) patients had left hemisphere involvement. At admission, 23 (92%) patients had a mRS score of five and only 2 (8%) patients had an mRS score of 4. During hospitalisation, 8 (32%) patients died. After discharge, 7 (28%) patients had a mRS score of 4 or less, which increased to 9 (36%) patients at three months follow-up and 12 (48%) patients at six months follow-up. Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that decompressive hemicraniectomy improved neurological outcomes of patients with supratentorial ischaemic infarcts, with patient characteristics playing a significant role.
Daytime Vehicular Traffic Noise Analysis and Modeling at Selected Roads in Port Harcourt
Authors: Amah V. E. , Udeh N. U.
Published: April 2023

Using linear regression techniques, the daytime vehicle traffic noise levels at four significant crossings in Port Harcourt were analyzed and predicted. These are the crossroads of Rumuokwuta, Agip, 1st Artillery, and GRA. These crossroads are often quite active with both traffic and pedestrian activity. The sound levels, relative humidity and wind speed along with temperature were all measured using a sound level meter, relative humidity meter, and anemometer, respectively. Data on traffic volume was also gathered throughout the sample period. This was carried out for a total of 10 hours each day beginning at 7 am throughout the course of three days at each site. For the different sites, noise indices including equivalent noise level (Leq), statistical measure (Ln), noise climate (NC), traffic noise index (TNI), and noise pollution level (NPL) were calculated. With the exception of the GRA junction, statistical analysis reveals that there is no change in the data recorded at the various times of the day (p>0.05). The estimated indices from all sites were compared, and there was no discernible difference (p>0.05). Agip had the lowest TNI at 44.04 dB(A), while Rumuokwuta junction had the highest at 49.7 dB(A). The maximum Leq of 74.9 dB(A) was observed at 1st Artillery while the minimum of 74.1 dB(A) was recorded at Agip. GRA junction recorded the maximum NPL as 76.99 dB(A), while Rumuokwuta had the lowest as 76.3 dB(A). A linear model idea for forecasting noise from independent variables, including the atmospheric conditions and traffic count, was calibrated using multiple linear regression modeling. The coefficient of determination was discovered to vary between 0.5 and 0.95 after dimension reduction by the plotting of standardized charts.
Effectiveness of 5E Instructional Model on Students’ Performance in Mathematics Non-routine Problem
Authors: Adu Augustina , Folson Derick
Published: April 2023

The study's aim was to determine the impact of the 5E instructional model on students' performance in non-routine mathematics problems. The population was made up of junior high school students in Oforikrom municipality, Ghana's Ashanti Region. The study used a quasi-experimental non-equivalent design. A total of 84 students were drawn at random from Oforikrom's two Junior High Schools. The experimental and control groups were assigned at random to the two schools. The experimental group was taught using the 5E instructional model, while the control group received traditional instruction. In both the pretest and posttest, students were given a non-routine achievement test consisting of mensuration, percentages, and equations. The independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon W tests, and Kruskal Wallis test were used to analyze the results. The study's findings showed that the 5E model has a positive effect on students' performance in non-routine mathematics problems. It also found that there is a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in favour of the experimental group. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in performance between male and female students in the experimental group. Finally, the study discovered no significant difference in the experimental group's performance based on the topics.
Attenuating Effect of Some Antioxidants on Caffeine Induced Spermatotoxicity and Mutagenicity in Male Albino Rats
Authors: Offiong J. I. , Uno U. U. , Ekaluo U. B.
Published: April 2023

Background and Objective: Infertility is one of the major health problems in life and has been linked to several factors; therefore different approaches are required to address the problem. This study investigated the attenuating potential of some antioxidants: Cellgevity, Max one, purslane and Vitamin C on caffeine induced spermatotoxicity in male albino rats.

Location and duration of Study: This study was carried in the Department of genetics and Biotechnology, University of Calabar, Calabar and lasted for sixty five days.

Methodology: Sixty sexually matured male albino rats were randomly divided into ten groups consisting of two rats in three replicates using completely randomized design (CRD). Group one served as control and received water and feed only. Group two were given 200 mg/kgBw of Cellgevity, group three received 200 mg/kgBW of Max one, group four received 100 mg/kgBW of Vitamin C, group five received 200 mg/kgBW of caffeine, group six received 200mg/kgBW of purslane, group seven received 200 mg/kgBW of caffeine and 200 mg/kgBW of Cellgevity, group eight received 200 mg/kgBW of caffeine and 200 mg/kgBW of Max one, group nine received 200mg/kgBW of caffeine and 200 mg/kgBW of purslane, group ten received 200 mg/kgBW of caffeine and 100 mg/kgBW of vitamin C. Administration was done orally and lasted for 65days. The rats were sacrificed after administration using chloroform anaesthesia. Testes and epididymes were processed for testes and epididymal weights as well as sperm profile.

Results: The results showed that caffeine significantly (p<0.05) negatively affected all the parameters studied. The sperm profile significantly reduced in caffeine treated animals. However, Cellgevity, Max one, purslane and Vitamin C attenuated the effect of caffeine in all the parameters evaluated by increased the sperm viability, sperm motility, sperm count and reduced sperm head abnormalities and mutation index in the combination groups.

Conclusion: Results show that Cellgevity, Max one, purslane and Vitamin C have the potential to attenuate spermatotoxicity caused by caffeine in albino rats.
In vivo Antisalmonellal and Antioxidant Activity of Hydroethanolic Extract of Bauhinia rufescens Leaves in Wistar Albino Rats Infected with Salmonella Typhi
Authors: Djenguemtar J. , Goka M. S. Chekem , Noubom M. , Konack E. Yamako , Kamsu G. T. , Sokoudjou J. B. , Feudjio H. B. L. , Kodjio N. , Gatsing D.
Published: April 2023

Infectious diseases such as typhoid fever lead to the formation of free radicals which can have a detrimental effect on the body. Typhoid fever is caused by poor sanitation, lack of clean water and resistance of germs to antibiotics and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hence an urgent needs to find alternative treatments with little or no toxicity for the treatment of this disease.
Objective: This work aims to evaluate the in vivo antisalmonellal and antioxidant activity of the 95% hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of Bauhinia rufescens (Fabaceae) in rats experimentally infected with Salmonella Typhi ATCC6539, as an alternative therapy.
Methods: The rats were randomly divided into twelve groups (six per sex) of animals. Thus 3 control groups: (T0) uninfected and untreated; (T-) infected and untreated; (T+) infected and treated with ciprofloxacin (14 mg/kg) and 3 test groups: T1, T2 and T3 infected and treated with different doses of the extract (40, 80 and 117.71 mg/kg respectively). The evolution of the infection and the effectiveness of the treatment were monitored by blood culture, food consumption and weight growth were assessed during the trial; at the end of which the animals were sacrificed and the different parameters were evaluated.
Results: Infected animals treated with different doses of the extract showed zero bacterial loads from the twelfth day post infection in both sexes. Regardless of sex, animals treated with the extract at the dose of 117.71mg/Kg were cured by the seventh day after the start of treatment while those treated with the doses of 40 mg/Kg and 80 mg/kg were cured by the ninth day after the start of treatment. Infection induced a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in food consumption and weight growth, while treatment induced, at all doses, an increase in food consumption and weight growth. Infection also caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in NO and MDA levels, as well as a significant decrease in catalase and peroxidase activities in animal tissue homogenates. However, treatment resulted in a significant decrease in NO and MDA levels, and a significant (p < 0.05) increase in catalase and peroxidase activities.
Conclusion: These results showed that the 95% hydroethanolic extract of Bauhinia rufescens leaves has mixed antisalmonellal and antioxidant activity in vivo and could be developed for the treatment of typhoid fever.
TANTANGAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL DI ERA DISRUPSI DAN PERAN PENDIDIKAN ETIKA KRISTEN
Authors: Leobisa Jonathan , Baun Soleman , Lopis Yorhans S. , Saingo Yakobus Adi
Published: April 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan mengenai tantangan dekadensi moral melalui media sosial dan peran pendidikan etika Kristen di era disrupsi dengan menggunakan metode studi pustaka yang dianalisis dengan mendeskripsikannya secara naratif. Hasil penelitian yang dikemukakan adalah dalam tantangan penggunaan media sosial di era disrupsi di antaranya: Terjadinya dekadensi moral melalui media sosial yaitu banyak orang yang terlibat dalam penyalahgunaan media sosial sehingga terpengaruh untuk berperilaku tidak sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Kristiani seperti keterlibatan dalam postingan ungkapan tidak senonoh, keterlibatan penyebaran hoaks, pornografi. Selain itu lemahnya pembelajaran etika di era disrupsi juga disebabkan kesibukan orang tua dan dunia modern yang cenderung menganggap remeh pembelajaran etika, sehingga sangat dibutuhkan peran pendidikan etika Kristen yang dilakukan secara utuh serta berkesinambungan sehingga mampu menjadi berkat dan terang melalui penggunaan media sosial seperti membagikan membagikan renungan Firman Tuhan melalui akun pribadi ataupun kutipan-kutipan rohani, sehingga dapat menghasilkan generasi penerus bangsa yang memiliki perilaku etika yang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Alkitabiah.
Completeness and Spin of medRxiv Preprint and Associated Published Abstracts of COVID-19 Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Spungen Hannah , Burton Jason , Schenkel Stephen , Schriger David L.
Published: April 2023

This study examines publication timelines, completeness, and spin in the abstracts of all randomized clinical trials related to COVID-19 posted to medRxiv during the first 2 years of the pandemic and compared the latter 2 with their published counterparts.
Cost-effectiveness Thresholds Used by Study Authors, 1990-2021
Authors: Neumann Peter J. , Kim David D.
Published: April 2023

This study examines what study authors consider to be appropriate cost-effectiveness analysis thresholds as reflected in the referenced thresholds in their published cost-effectiveness analyses.
Structural and biochemical characterization of Clostridium perfringens pili protein B collagen‐binding domains
Authors: Tamai Eiji , Yamada Mitsugu , Ishida Takuya , Arimura Nayu , Matsunami Risa , Sekiya Hiroshi , Kamitori Shigehiro
Published: April 2023

Sortase‐mediated pili are flexible rod proteins composed of major and minor/tip pilins, playing important roles in the initial adhesion of bacterial cells to host tissues. The pilus shaft is formed by covalent polymerization of major pilins, and the minor/tip pilin is covalently attached to the tip of the shaft involved in adhesion to the host cell. The Gram‐positive bacterium Clostridium perfringens has a major pilin, and a minor/tip pilin (CppB) with the collagen‐binding motif. Here, we report X‐ray structures of CppB collagen‐binding domains, collagen‐binding assays and mutagenesis analysis, demonstrating that CppB collagen‐binding domains adopt an L‐shaped structure in open form, and that a small β‐sheet unique to CppB provides a scaffold for a favourable binding site for collagen peptide.
Auditory neuropathy in mice and humans with Friedreich ataxia
Authors: Rance Gary , Carew Peter , Winata Leon , Sale Phillip , Delatycki Martin , Sly David
Published: April 2023

Objective

Recent studies have found that human Friedreich ataxia patients have dysfunction of transmission in the auditory neural pathways. Here, we characterize hearing deficits in a mouse model of Friedreich ataxia and compare these to a clinical population.

Methods

Sixteen mice with a C57BL/6 background were evaluated. Eight were YG8Pook/J animals (Friedreich ataxia phenotype) and eight wild‐type mice served as controls. Auditory function was assessed between ages 6 and 12 months using otoacoustic emissions and auditory steady‐state responses. At study end, motor deficit was assessed using Rotorod testing and inner ear tissue was examined. Thirty‐seven individuals with Friedreich ataxia underwent auditory steady‐state evoked potential assessment and response amplitudes were compared with functional hearing ability (speech perception‐in‐noise) and disease status was measured by the Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale.

Results

The YG8Pook/J mice showed anatomic and functional abnormality. While otoacoustic emission responses from the cochlear hair cells were mildly affected, auditory steady‐state responses showed exaggerated amplitude reductions as the animals aged with Friedreich ataxia mice showing a 50–60% decrease compared to controls who showed only a 20–25% reduction (F(2,94) = 17.90, p < 0.00). Furthermore, the YG8Pook/J mice had fewer surviving spiral ganglion neurons, indicating greater degeneration of the auditory nerve. Neuronal density was 20–25% lower depending on cochlear region (F(1, 30) = 45.02, p < 0.001). In human participants, auditory steady‐state response amplitudes were correlated with both Consonant–Nucleus–Consonant word scores and Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale score.

Interpretation

This study found degenerative changes in auditory structure and function in YG8Pook/J mice, indicating that auditory measures in these animals may provide a model for testing Friedreich ataxia treatments. In addition, auditory steady‐state response findings in a clinical population suggested that these scalp‐recorded potentials may serve as an objective biomarker for disease progress in affected individuals.
Effect of Microstructures on Mechanical Properties of Ti–6.5Al–2Sn–4Zr–4Mo–1W–0.2Si Alloy
Authors: Zhou Gang , Xin Shewei , Xing Hui , Zhang Kai , Zhang Siyuan , Liu Zhibo , Zhang Jiahao , Huang Jian , Yang Yi , Wang Hao , Huang Aijun
Published: April 2023

The tensile properties at both room temperature and 550 °C are investigated in Ti–6.5Al–2Sn–4Zr–4Mo–1W–0.2Si with three typical microstructures, which are lamellar, bimodal, and equiaxed microstructures. The results show that the yield and ultimate tensile strengths decrease while the ductility increases as the volume fraction of primary α phase increases at both temperatures. The above phenomena result from the decrease in the β transformed microstructure, which consists of fine α and β lamellae with high‐density α/β interfaces blocking dislocation slipping. The yield and ultimate tensile strengths at 550 °C are lower than that at room temperature, and the ductility at 550 °C is higher than that at room temperature, both of which are attributed to the activity of multislipping systems at high temperature.
Influence of Heat Input on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Welding GH4169 Bolt Assembly—Numerical and Experimental Analysis
Authors: Deng Ping , Xiang Song , Ran Qian , Tan Yuan-Biao , Liu Fei
Published: April 2023

By conducting the numerical and experimental analysis, the influence of heat input on the microstructures and mechanical properties of laser welding GH4169 bolt assembly is systematically investigated. The weld formation, temperature field, and residual stress distribution during laser welding by using the finite element modeling are consistent with experimental results. The numerical simulation results show that the increase of heat input imparts lower residual stresses and higher temperature gradient. During the process of laser welding, the steepest temperature gradient and the peak residual stress arise in the fusion zone (FZ). In addition, the dissolution of γ″ and γ′ toward the fusion line increases in heat affected zone (HAZ), but only Laves phase is observed in FZ. With increasing heat input from 24 to 48 J mm−1, the ultimate tensile strength of welded joints decreases. Both the lowest microhardness values and tensile failure of GH4169 alloy laser welded joint are in FZ. Herein, it is that the relationship among the heat input, microstructures, and mechanical properties of GH4196 bolt assembly in laser welding is systematically established, which will be of guiding significance for the selection of welding parameters in aerospace.
Ultrasmall Coordination Polymer Nanodots Fe‐Quer Nanozymes for Preventing and Delaying the Development and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Gui Siyu , Tang Weiwei , Huang Zhihao , Wang Xinchen , Gui Siyin , Gao Xiang , Xiao Duncheng , Tao Liming , Jiang Zhengxuan , Wang Xianwen
Published: April 2023

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most prevalent type of retinal vasculopathy and the most widespread cause of preventable blindness in adults. Excessive increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and vascular endothelial growth factor are major initiators and drivers of DR progression, respectively. However, current DR treatment options remain limited, particularly for early DR. Nanotechnology‐mediated antioxidant strategies are gaining increasing popularity to treat ocular diseases. Quercetin has excellent ROS scavenging efficiency but poor stability and low bioavailability in physiological environments. In this study, ultrasmall Fe‐Quer nanozymes (NZs) formed by coupling quercetin with low‐toxic iron ions are reported that can mimic the activities of three important antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, thereby exhibiting excellent water dispersion and efficient ROS scavenging ability. In vitro and in vivo assays validate the effects of Fe‐Quer NZs against inflammation, oxidative stress damage, microvascular leakage, and angiogenesis, particularly their vascular protective effect in early DR. Transcriptomic analysis further reveals a potential multitarget‐specific therapeutic mechanism of Fe‐Quer NZs against DR. These observations open avenues for Fe‐Quer NZs, composed of molecules of a natural product and metal ions with artificial NZ activity, as microvascular protective agents for DR and other ROS‐related diseases.
Fabrication of Architectured Biomaterials by Multilayer Co‐Extrusion and Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Vellayappan Muthu Vignesh , Duarte Francisco , Sollogoub Cyrille , Dirrenberger Justin , Guinault Alain , Frith Jessica E. , Parkington Helena C. , Molotnikov Andrey , Cameron Neil R.
Published: April 2023

Tissue engineering benefits from advances in 3D printing and multi‐material assembly to attain certain functional benefits over existing man‐made materials. Multilayered tissue engineering constructs might unlock a unique combination of properties, but their fabrication remains challenging. Herein, a facile process is reported to manufacture biomaterials with an engineered multilayer architecture, via a combination of co‐extrusion and 3D printing. Polymer filaments containing 5, 17, or 129 alternating layers of poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic polyurethane (PLA/TPU) are produced, and explored for their use in fused deposition modeling (FDM) to fabricate scaffolds for cardiomyocyte culture. The co‐extruded filaments exhibit a layered architecture in their cross‐section with a continuous interface, and the integrity and alignment of the layers are preserved after 3D printing. The 17 alternating layers PLA/TPU composites exhibit excellent mechanical properties. It is envisaged that the multilayered architecture of the fabricated scaffolds can be beneficial for aligning cardiomyocytes in culture. It is found that the 17 alternating layers PLA/TPU significantly improve cardiomyocyte morphology and functionality compared to single phase materials. It is believed that this biomaterials fabrication scheme, combining a top‐down and bottom‐up approach, offers tremendous flexibility in producing a broad class of novel‐architectured materials with tunable structural design for tissue engineering applications and beyond.
Flexible Organic Electronic Ion Pump Fabricated Using Inkjet Printing and Microfabrication for Precision In Vitro Delivery of Bupivacaine
Authors: Cherian Dennis , Roy Arghyamalya , Bersellini Farinotti Alex , Abrahamsson Tobias , Arbring Sjöström Theresia , Tybrandt Klas , Nilsson David , Berggren Magnus , Svensson Camilla I. , Poxson David J. , Simon Daniel T.
Published: April 2023

The organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) is an on‐demand electrophoretic drug delivery device, that via electronic to ionic signal conversion enables drug delivery without additional pressure or volume changes. The fundamental component of OEIPs is their polyelectrolyte membranes which are shaped into ionic channels that conduct and deliver ionic drugs, with high spatiotemporal resolution. The patterning of these membranes is essential in OEIP devices and is typically achieved using laborious microprocessing techniques. Here, the development of an inkjet printable formulation of polyelectrolyte is reported, based on a custom anionically functionalized hyperbranched polyglycerol (i‐AHPG). This polyelectrolyte ink greatly simplifies the fabrication process and is used in the production of free‐standing OEIPs on flexible polyimide (PI) substrates. Both i‐AHPG and the OEIP devices are characterized, exhibiting favorable iontronic characteristics of charge selectivity and the ability to transport aromatic compounds. Further, the applicability of these technologies is demonstrated by the transport and delivery of the pharmaceutical compound bupivacaine to dorsal root ganglion cells with high spatial precision and effective nerve blocking, highlighting the applicability of these technologies for biomedical scenarios.
Protocol in Evaluating Capacity of Zn–Mn Aqueous Batteries: A Clue of pH
Authors: Yang Hang , Zhang Tengsheng , Chen Duo , Tan Yicheng , Zhou Wanhai , Li Li , Li Wei , Li Guangshe , Han Wei , Fan Hong Jin , Chao Dongliang
Published: April 2023

In the literature, Zn–Mn aqueous batteries (ZMABs) confront abnormal capacity behavior, such as capacity fluctuation and diverse “unprecedented performances.” Because of the electrolyte additive‐induced complexes, various charge/discharge behaviors associated with different mechanisms are being reported. However, the current performance assessment remains unregulated, and only the electrode or the electrolyte is considered. The lack of a comprehensive and impartial performance evaluation protocol for ZMABs hinders forward research and commercialization. Here, a pH clue (proton‐coupled reaction) to understand different mechanisms is proposed and the capacity contribution is normalized. Then, a series of performance metrics, including rated capacity (Cr) and electrolyte contribution ratio from Mn2+ (CfM), are systematically discussed based on diverse energy storage mechanisms. The relationship between Mn (II) ↔ Mn (III) ↔ Mn (IV) conversion chemistry and protons consumption/production is well‐established. Finally, the concrete design concepts of a tunable H+/Zn2+/Mn2+ storage system for customized application scenarios, opening the door for the next‐generation high‐safety and reliable energy storage system, are proposed.
Saddle‐Shaped Third Component with Out‐of‐Plane Electrostatic Dipole for Realizing High‐Performance Photovoltaic Donor Terpolymers
Authors: Hao Sheng , Xu Xiaopeng , Yu Liyang , Peng Shaoqian , Xia Jianlong , Xie Yuan , Duan Chunhui , Wu Hongbin , Li Ruipeng , Peng Qiang
Published: April 2023

Terpolymer fabrication is an effective methodology for molecular engineering and generating high‐performance organic photovoltaic materials to construct highly efficient polymer solar cells. Modification of the polymer PM6 by incorporating a third component resulting in the formation of a ternary copolymer is reported to outperform PM6 in achieving enhanced device performances. However, one of the major challenges in constructing high‐performance terpolymers is to counter the molecular disorder caused by the backbone entropy induced by the third moiety. In this work, double B←N bridged bipyridine (BNBP) is used as the third component, which possesses a strong out‐of‐plane electrostatic dipole owing to the saddle‐shaped B←N fused ring structure. The out‐of‐plane dipole moment introduced in the modified PM6 terpolymer can be used as a means for tuning and optimizing the nanostructures of the blended films. The prepared PM6‐BNBP‐4 blend polymer with 4% of the benzodithiophene dione monomers replaced by BNBP results in excellent power conversion efficiency of 19.13%. This work demonstrates that the out‐of‐plane electrostatic dipole moment in saddle‐shaped molecules is valuable for achieving high‐performance organic photovoltaic donor materials.
Effects of Structure Defects on Thermal Transport at the Graphene–Water Interface
Authors: Zhang Xingli , Chen Hao , Qiao Degao , Yang Ming
Published: April 2023

The graphene microchannel heat sinks have attracted extensive attention due to its high cooling efficiency in microelectric devices. The interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) between graphene as the bottom layer of microchannel and water is one of the key factors of its good working performance. In this paper, the impacts of structure defects in graphene surfaces on ITR of the graphene–water interface are investigated using molecular dynamic simulations. The results indicate that graphene layer with different types of structure defects shows different variation trends of ITR as the defect concentration or temperature increases. A peak ITR reduction of nearly 30% is generated with the Stone‐Wales defect of 2%. Finally, the density of phonon states and interfacial binding energy analysis are performed to verify the correctness of the simulation results. The present work expands the understanding of structure defects effect on thermal transport in graphene microchannel.
Regiospecific Formal [3+2] Annulations of α‐keto Sulfines and N‐Substituted Thioureas
Authors: Dong Jun , Chang Wei , Chen Youwei , Huang Xingcai
Published: April 2023

A series of 2,4‐dithiohydantoins were synthesized regiospecificlly from various phenacyl sulfoxides bearing 1‐methyl‐1H‐tetrazole and N‐substituted thioureas in moderate to excellent yields. The proposed mechanism involved the generation of α‐sulfines from sulfoxides through thermolytic elimination, carbonphilic attack of sulfines by substituted thioureas, and dehydration condensation. The current method provides a safe strategy for the preparation of 2,4‐dithiohydantoins.
Strategy for Co‐Enhancement of Remanence–Coercivity of RE‐Fe‐B Sintered Magnets with High Ce‐Content: Appropriate La Substitution
Authors: Chen Hao , Li Yuqing , Zhang Hongguo , Liu Weiqiang , Wu Haihui , Qin Yuan , Yue Ming , Wei Qifeng , Zhang Baoguo , Di Jinghui
Published: April 2023

The development of low‐cost RE‐Fe‐B sintered magnets with large La/Ce content is of great significance for the balanced utilization of rare earth (RE) resources, but it is limited by reduced magnetic properties. In this work, the coercivity (Hcj), remanence (Br), maximum energy product [(BH)max], and temperature stability are simultaneously enhanced for magnets with LaCe accounting for 40 wt% of the total RE. The synergistic regulation of the REFe2 phase, Ce‐valence, and grain boundaries (GBs) in RE‐Fe‐B sintered magnets is realized for the first time by introducing appropriate La elements. The La elements inhibit the generation of the REFe2 phase and tend to stay in the triple junctions, promoting the segregation of the RE/Cu/Ga elements and contributing to the formation of Ce/Nd/Cu/Ga‐rich continuous thicker lamellar GBs, and as a result, weakening the detrimental effect on HA caused by La element substitution and enhancing Hcj. In addition, partial La atoms entering the RE2Fe14B phase are beneficial for improving the Br and temperature stability of the magnets and promoting the Ce3+ ion ratio, which also provides additional benefit for Br. The findings provide an effective and feasible way to co‐enhance the remanence and coercivity of RE‐Fe‐B sintered magnets with high Ce content.
Holistic Strategies Lead to Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Hybrid Chemical Vapor Deposition Based Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Tong Guoqing , Zhang Jiahao , Bu Tongle , Ono Luis K. , Zhang Congyang , Liu Yuqiang , Ding Chenfeng , Wu Tianhao , Mariotti Silvia , Kazaoui Said , Qi Yabing
Published: April 2023

Hybrid chemical vapor deposition (HCVD) is a promising method for the up‐scalable fabrication of perovskite solar cells/modules (PSCs/PSMs). However, the efficiency of the HCVD‐based perovskite solar cells still lags behind the solution‐processed PSCs/PSMs. In this work, the oxygen loss of the electron transport layer of SnO2 in the HCVD process and its negative impact on solar cell device performance are revealed. As the counter‐measure, potassium sulfamate (H2KNO3S) is introduced as the passivation layer to both mitigate the oxygen loss issue of SnO2 and passivate the uncoordinated Pb2+ in the perovskite film. In parallel, N‐methylpyrrolidone (NMP) is used as the solvent to dissolve PbI2 by forming the intermediate phase of PbI2•NMP, which can greatly lower the energy barrier for perovskite nucleation in the HCVD process. The perovskite seed is employed to further modulate the kinetics of perovskite crystal growth and improve the grain size. The resultant solar cells yield a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.98% (0.09 cm2) with a stable output performance of 21.15%, and the PCEs of the mini‐modules are 16.16% (22.4 cm2, stable output performance of 14.72%) and 12.12% (91.8 cm2). Furthermore, the unencapsulated small area device shows an outstanding operational stability with a T80 lifetime exceeding 4000 h.
Negative perceived context of reception and sociocultural resources on mental health among Hispanic and Somali adolescents
Authors: Guan Shu‐Sha Angie , Nunez Velia , Areba Eunice , Forster Myriam
Published: April 2023

Although immigrant negative perceived context of reception (PCOR), perceptions of the opportunities and degree of acceptance in an immigrant‐receiving community, has been linked with compromised adolescent well‐being, receiving contexts may differ by region and for youth from different ethnic backgrounds. The current study examines how negative PCOR and factors that promote resilience differentially shape mental health among Hispanic and Somali adolescents in Minnesota. Hispanic (n = 163) and Somali (n = 186) first‐ and second‐generation youth aged 12–19 completed a survey on negative PCOR, assets and resources (i.e., ethnic identity, social support, religious participation), and mental well‐being (i.e., anxiety and depressive symptoms). Parents and caregivers also completed a survey on PCOR and social support. Adolescent negative PCOR, relative to parent/caregiver negative PCOR, was associated with higher adolescent anxiety and depressive symptoms. Religious participation and social support, reported by both parent/caregiver and adolescent, was associated with lower anxiety and depressive symptoms. Additionally, among Hispanic adolescents, social support buffered the effects of negative PCOR on depressive symptoms. Conversely, strong ethnic identity was associated with higher depressive symptoms for both groups, suggesting acculturative and assimilative pressures play an important role in adolescent mental health. Although social ties can be weakened postmigration, our results indicate that social and religious resources remain beneficial. Given that by the end of the next decade over 50% of the US youth population will identify as part of a racial or ethnic minority group, positive postimmigration adaptation is a critical public health concern.