bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictores radiográficos de caninos retenidos maxilares
Authors: Valverde - Montalva Hernán Renzo
Published: February 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es revisar información enfocada al diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano de la retención canina (RC); comprenderemos el proceso de erupción normal y las posibles etiologías de su retención; del mismo modo, describiremos la erupción del canino maxilar permanente (CMP) y los eventos que explican por qué la secuencia de erupción en la Segunda Fase de Dentición Mixta (SFDM) en el maxilar, finalmente presentaremos un conjunto de herramientas diagnósticas útiles en la predicción temprana de la retención canina, los cuales permiten estimar la duración y pronóstico del tratamiento. Palabras clave: Diente impactado, Canino, Ortodoncia Interceptiva,Radiografía Panorámica, Extracción dental. 

Abstract The purpose of this article is to review information focused on diagnosis and early treatment of retained canines (RC), we will understandthe process of normal eruption and potential etiologies of its retention; in the same way, we will describe of the upper permanent canine andevents that explain why the sequence of eruption in the Second Phase of Mixed Dentition (SFDM) in the maxilla, finally we will present a aset of useful diagnostic tools for the canine retention early prediction, which allow us estimate the duration and forecast of the treatment. Keywords: Impacted, Cuspid, Interceptive, Panoramic, Tooth Extraction.
A porous 3D-RGO@MWCNT hybrid material as Li–S battery cathode
Authors: Zhang Yongguang , Ren Jun , Zhao Yan , Tan Taizhe , Yin Fuxing , Wang Yichao
Published: February 2019

In this work, a unique three-dimensional (3D) structured carbon-based composite was synthesized. In the composite, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) form a lattice matrix in which porous spherical reduced graphene oxide (RGO) completes the 3D structure. When used in Li–S batteries, the 3D porous lattice matrix not only accommodates a high content of sulfur, but also induces a confinement effect towards polysulfide, and thereby reduces the “shuttle effect”. The as-prepared S-3D-RGO@MWCNT composite delivers an initial specific capacity of 1102 mAh·g−1. After 200 charging/discharge cycles, a capacity of 805 mAh·g−1 and a coulombic efficiency of 98% were maintained, implying the shuttle effect was greatly suppressed by the composite matrix. In addition, the S-3D-RGO@MWCNT composite also exhibits an excellent rate capability.
OPTIMIZATION OF ELASTIC-PLASTIC GEOMETRICALLY NON‐LINEAR LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES UNDER STIFFNESS AND STABILITY CONSTRAINTS
Authors: Karkauskas Romanas
Published: February 2019

An actual structural design, especially that of lightweight structures, must evaluate strength, stiffness and stability constraints. A designed structure must satisfy optimality criteria. One faces known difficulties when trying to implement several from above mentioned requirements into optimization problem for further successful numerical realisation. A method to formulate the optimization problem, incorporating all above described criterions, mathematical model and algorithm to solve it numerically, taking into account the geometrically non‐linear structural behaviour are presented for truss type structure. In each optimization cycle the member forces obtained in the previous optimization cycle via elastic‐plastic non‐linear analysis procedure are employed to obtain the new optimal design values. During the optimization procedures, the tension members are assumed to be loaded up to the yield limit, compression members are assumed to be stressed up to their critical limits, the nodal displacements are restricted to limited magnitudes in prescribed directions. Design examples are presented to demonstrate the application of the algorithm.
INTEGRATED INFORMATION SERVICE FOR PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE USERS INCLUDING SMART GRID FUNCTIONS
Authors: Csonka Bálint , Csiszár Csaba
Published: February 2019

Information provision can mitigate the drawbacks of electric vehicle use. In this paper, we elaborate an integrated Information Service (IS) for Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) users that cover each process of use. The system elements and their relations are modelled. We deduce the functions from the negatives of electric vehicles compared to conventional ones. The information management processes are elaborated in detail. We focus on the charging and recharging periods considering dynamic electricity rates in the Smart Grid in order to minimalize the cost of charging from the user’s perspective. We elaborate a cost saving method and evaluate the effects of dynamic tariff and forethoughtful behaviour. Since our proposed information, service covers each phase of use and reduces charging costs the presented solution simplifies electric vehicle use and improves efficiency. Furthermore, we elaborate the automatic charging scheduling methods that significantly reduce the charging cost and the fluctuation of the electricity demand.
Environmental pollutants-dependent molecular pathways and carcinogenesis
Authors: El Helou Myriam , Cohen Pascale A. , Diab-Assaf Mona , Ghayad Sandra
Published: February 2019

Exposure to environmental pollutants can modulate many biological and molecular processes such as gene expression, gene repair mechanisms, hormone production and function and inflammation, resulting in adverse effects on human health including the occurrence and development of different types of cancer. Carcinogenesis is a complex and long process, taking place in multiple stages and is affected by multiple factors. Some environmental molecules are genotoxic, able to damage the DNA or to induce mutations and changes in gene expression acting as initiators of carcinogenesis. Other molecules called xenoestrogens can promote carcinogenesis by their mitogenic effects by possessing estrogenic-like activities and consequently acting as endocrine disruptors causing multiple alterations in cellular signal transduction pathways. In this review, we focus on recent research on environmental chemicals-driven molecular functions in human cancers. For this purpose, we will be discussing the case of two receptors in mediating environmental pollutants effects: the established nuclear receptor, the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the emerging membrane receptor, G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1).
Les entreprises familiales apprennent-elles différemment ? Effets des attributs ambivalents de l’entreprise familiale sur les apprentissages des individus et de l’organisation
Authors: Bentebbaa Sara , Pacitto Jean-Claude , Louitri Abdenbi , Abdoune Radouane
Published: February 2019

Le peu de travaux qui s’intéresse à l’apprentissage organisationnel dans les entreprises familiales l’aborde sous un angle particulier, le plus souvent en relation avec un autre concept, sans jamais s’intéresser au phénomène en tant que tel. Dans cet article, nous porterons une attention particulière à l’apprentissage organisationnel dans les entreprises familiales. Notre travail a pour objectifs d’analyser les éléments de contexte qui tendent à influencer les conditions d’apprentissage organisationnel dans ce type d’entreprise ainsi que l’impact des attributs ambivalents des entreprises familiales (Tagiuri et Davis, 1996) sur les apprentissages des individus et de l’organisation.
Impact de la notation sociétale sur la dynamique des performances environnementale, sociale et de gouvernance dans un contexte international : une étude empirique fondée sur la base longitudinale Vigéo Eiris
Authors: Ben Larbi Sami , Lacroux Alain , Luu Philippe
Published: February 2019

Notre étude propose d’évaluer l’impact de la notation sociétale sur l’évolution des performances environnementales, sociales et de gouvernance (ESG) des entreprises dans un contexte international. En nous appuyant sur la base de données longitudinale Vigéo Eiris (2004-2015), nous avons montré que la dynamique des entreprises en matière sociétale dont le lien avec la notation extra financière semble être établi dans la littérature devrait être nuancée. Les entreprises appartenant à un groupe de référence dit best in class enregistrent, pour la grande majorité des critères ESG, une dynamique d’amélioration moins marquée que celle des autres entreprises mais qui demeurent néanmoins contingente au système économique d’appartenance, au caractère règlementé du secteur et à des variables économiques et financières. Les variations observées dans les pratiques sociétales reflètent ainsi la capacité des groupes d’entreprises identifiées à adapter leurs politiques RSE aux signaux émis par le marché en vue de mieux répondre aux attentes de leurs parties prenantes et aux pressions que leur impose leur environnement institutionnel.
La connaissance des coûts des établissements d’enseignement supérieur et de recherche français : retour d’une expérience de management public de projet
Authors: Boiteau Jean-Serge , Jameux Claude
Published: February 2019

Le projet connaissance des coûts des activités des établissements d’enseignement supérieur et de recherche est porteur d’enjeux majeurs pour leur financement, l’accompagnement de leur transformation et l’amélioration de leur performance globale. Conduit par la DGESIP avec les partenaires institutionnels de la communauté universitaire et des établissements volontaires, il a procédé d’une démarche partagée de co-construction d’un référentiel commun à la formation et à la recherche, et d’une méthodologie qui sont de nature à favoriser à la fois la régulation du système d’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche et l’amélioration de la qualité de fond du pilotage des universités et écoles d’ingénieurs.
La performance économique et la qualité dans les relations de service : de la contradiction au renforcement mutuel
Authors: Mebarki Lamine
Published: February 2019

À partir de l’idée selon laquelle la cohabitation de la performance économique et de la qualité de service présente un caractère contradictoire dans les relations de service, cette étude s’attache à identifier les points de renforcement mutuel entre ces deux dimensions de la performance. Nos résultats expliquent et nuancent la tension existante entre ces deux dimensions et mettent en évidence la manière dont s’opère le renforcement mutuel entre ces dernières.
Is the French diagonal emptying? An exploratory spatial analysis of demographic decrease in France for the past 50 years
Authors: Oliveau Sébastien , Doignon Yoann
Published: February 2019

This article’s purpose is to draw attention to the results of the latest censuses in France, and to the dichotomy that remains between space and population in terms of settlement dynamics. A detailed examination on different levels – from counties (“départements”) to villages/towns (“communes”)- shows territories where the demographic dynamics are opposed. These dynamics don’t fit with commonplace conceptions, even in the scientific world. Beyond a mark that’s still visible and quantifiable, the “diagonal of emptiness” (a line drawn between the Pyrenees and the Ardennes) has actually not totally emptied. However, its geography is varied and can only be evaluated with thorough consideration removed from preconceptions. This is the point of our article, based on sharp cartography and measurements of spatial patterns. These indicate that some spaces in France seem to be literally abandoned by human beings.population geography, demographic change, spatial autocorrelation
« L’oreille paradigmatique ». Les listes dans les manuscrits de James Joyce
Authors: Ferrer Daniel
Published: February 2019

Les célèbres listes d’Ulysse et de Finnegans Wake sont issues de remarquables manuscrits, témoignant d’un mouvement irrépressible d’expansion. Mais les manuscrits de Joyce recèlent des listes plus remarquables encore, par leurs dimensions comme par leur diversité, qui n’apparaissent pas dans les œuvres publiées. On peut distinguer des listes structurantes et heuristiques (y compris la fameuse liste des épisodes homériques), des listes d’accumulation primaires et des listes de répartition et de recyclage. Joyce puise dans l’immense réservoir constitué par ces listes pour enrichir son texte, voire pour le susciter, projetant, selon la formule jakobsonienne, le paradigme sur l’axe syntagmatique, mais poussant si loin le travail de surdétermination que chaque point de la chaîne syntagmatique tend à devenir un paradigme condensé, une liste effondrée sur elle-même.
Carlos Liscano : les listes comme réservoir de projets
Authors: Idmhand Fatiha
Published: February 2019

Dans le champ de la littérature latino-américaine produite durant les années 1970, années de dictatures pour ce continent, rares sont les manuscrits qui ont pu témoigner, depuis l’intérieur, des formes de répression à l’encontre des écrivains. Miraculeusement sauvés des geôles, ceux de l’écrivain Carlos Liscano constituent à ce titre des brouillons exceptionnels. Ils comportent de nombreuses listes qui approvisionnent toujours, plus de trente ans après leur composition, les projets d’écriture de l’écrivain. Comment définir le statut particulier occupé par ces listes « provisionnelles » qui nourrissent, non pas un projet d’écriture, mais tous les projets de la vie de l’écrivain ? C’est à cette question que propose de répondre l’étude croisée de la genèse de ces différentes listes et de leur devenir.
Genet et la rhapsodie poétique
Authors: Nottet-Chedeville Élise
Published: February 2019

Peu étudié, l’avant-texte des Poèmes de Jean Genet révèle pourtant un mouvement de genèse spécifique. À travers l’analyse de documents d’archives et de manuscrits de deux de ses poèmes – « La Parade » et « La Galère » – cet article met en lumière comment Genet conçoit l’écriture poétique sur le mode de la rhapsodie, n’hésitant pas à déplacer, à réutiliser, à renommer et à réécrire – c’est-à-dire à coudre ensemble vers, strophes et poèmes selon ses besoins et les désirs d’autrui, et cela afin de plaire et de se faire éditer. Ce mouvement de migration textuelle aux coutures apparentes éclaire la genèse du recueil Poèmes, explique la discontinuité et le caractère hétéroclite, voire l’hermétisme de certains poèmes, et participe à la création d’un style propre.
Bankruptcy Forecasting and Economic Sustainability Profile of the Market Leading Islamic Banking Countries
Authors: Jan Amin , Marimuthu Maran , bin Mohd @ Mat Isa Muhammad Pisol , Shad Muhammad Kashif
Published: February 2019

This study used bankruptcy forecasting as a proxy for measuring economic sustainability profile of the Islamic banks in the market leading Islamic banking countries. The countries are Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Iran, UAE and Kuwait. A sample of 29 Islamic banks with a post-crisis period data from 2009-2013 was collected for empirical testing. Results indicated that Saudi Arabian Islamic banks recorded the most minimal bankruptcy rate of 29 percent, followed by UAE with 31 percent, Kuwait with 48 percent, Malaysia with 55 percent and Iran with 68 percent respectively. The results further indicated that profitability, liquidity, insolvency, and productivity ratios have a significant positive impact on bankruptcy profile of the selected Islamic banks. This study lends credence to multiple stakeholders for taking appropriate measures regarding the deteriorating economic sustainability of the Islamic banks in the market leading Islamic banking countries. It also urges to develop a separate Shariah-based sustainability measurement framework for the Islamic banks.
A Multi-Dimensional Causal Model of Effective Factors on Open Innovation in Manufacturing SMEs in Iran
Authors: Nikabadi Mohsen Shafiei , Hakaki Amir
Published: February 2019

Open innovation makes the success of SMEs' performance in a dynamic environment. The present article conducted with the aim of identifying the most important effective factors on open innovation and reviewing the causal relationships among them. To study the most important factors, the data collected by questionnaires filled by 275 experts, and analysed by SPSS and PLS. Causal relationships among studied factors were identified by fuzzy DEMATEL technique, the data collected from 12 experts and analysed by MATLAB and EXCEL. According to the results, economic factors as a one of the casual factors is the most effective factors. However, employees factor is the most factor affected from the others. Just strategy of organisation has one step casual loop and effects on itself directly and it has the most interaction with others. Besides, ecological issues have no influence on the others.
Acceptance of Bengal Fasal Bima Yojona by the Farmers
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Partha , Sengupta Partha Pratim
Published: February 2019

Due to weak logistics, the price of potato has been observed volatile since 2011, at Burdwan, West Bengal, India. Burdwan becomes news headlines for the farmer suicide rate in 2015. The Hon'ble Prime Minister has called for doubling of farmers' income by 2022. In Bengal, it is known as Bengal Fasal Bima Yojona (BFBY). BFBY is free to farmers and the Government of West Bengal pays the premium. Insurance premiums price moves from a government account to account of insurance companies but farmers are remaining cashless and fall into a debt trap due to the low selling price. To bridge the gap and to find the result, data was collected from 701 farmers of 16 Blocks of Purba Burdwan. Eight estimators are considered. The authors continue the study on the basis of analysis done by Mukhopadhyay et al.. Using multinomial logistic regression to analyse the data they observe income, marital status, age, and education which are significant to the loan ‘defaulter' group.
Identification of Cherry Leaf Disease Infected by Podosphaera Pannosa via Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Keke , Zhang Lei , Wu Qiufeng
Published: February 2019

The cherry leaves infected by Podosphaera pannosa will suffer powdery mildew, which is a serious disease threatening the cherry production industry. In order to identify the diseased cherry leaves in early stage, the authors formulate the cherry leaf disease infected identification as a classification problem and propose a fully automatic identification method based on convolutional neural network (CNN). The GoogLeNet is used as backbone of the CNN. Then, transferred learning techniques are applied to fine-tune the CNN from pre-trained GoogLeNet on ImageNet dataset. This article compares the proposed method against three traditional machine learning methods i.e., support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and back propagation (BP) neural network. Quantitative evaluations conducted on a data set of 1,200 images collected by smart phones, demonstrates that the CNN achieves best precise performance in identifying diseased cherry leaves, with the testing accuracy of 99.6%. Thus, a CNN can be used effectively in identifying the diseased cherry leaves.
An Investigation into Using Flipped Classroom Model in an Academic Writing Class in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Nhat Quang , Lee Kean Wah , Nguyen Dung Ngoc Phuong , Naidu Sivabala
Published: February 2019

Taking cognizance of challenges of 21st century learning and the ubiquitous technologies available, a course applying flipped classroom model with a detailed combination of in-class and out-of-class activities was utilized to teach an academic writing module. The study aimed to (1) find out the effects of flipped classroom model towards improving learners' writing achievements and (2) investigate learners' attitudes towards this approach. 40 English-major freshmen at the Banking University of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam participated in the study during the second semester of the 2016-2017 academic year. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected to ensure the reliability as well as the validity of the results. Analysis of this data revealed that this model was beneficial as it not only improved learners' performance in the final exam but also brought about positive attitudes towards the learning process. Finally, suggestions on how the model could be improved and better utilized are also discussed so that positive learning outcomes in academic essay writing could be obtain
Online Tools for Feedback Engagement in Second Language Learning
Authors: Caruso Marinella , Fraschini Nicola , Kuuse Sabine
Published: February 2019

Feedback is one of the most important influences on second language learning. While much research has been undertaken in the field of corrective feedback, the study of student engagement with feedback in languages remains understudied. This article addresses the need for more interactive, effective and time-saving feedback, achieving more student engagement and ultimately enhancing their learning experience. Considering that engagement with feedback goes hand-in-hand with both awareness of the learning process and literacy about the feedback process itself, a range of interactive materials was developed embracing technology as a useful partner: three short videos to support feedback and language literacy, an online coversheet to establish a dialogical relation between student and instructor and an online data-bank of feedback comments. The students' evaluation of the materials support the conclusion that this communicative feedback lead to students feeling more aware and engaged with the feedback, thus becoming more responsible and active participants in their own language learning.
The Perceived Risks Affecting Online Shopping Adoption in Jordan
Authors: Alnsour Muhammed , Ismael Nadar , Nsoor Zaid , Feidi Midhat
Published: February 2019

This article studies online shopping and e‐commerce adoption in Jordan due to the significant growth of this industry in Jordan particularly and the rest of the world generally, which is receiving attention globally and has proven to largely contribute to the growth of nations' economies. This article specifically studies the risk that online users perceive from online shopping and how they affect the growth of this industry. This study adopts a quantitative research approach, with a total of 355 questionnaires distributed by the researchers, to determine whether perceived risks of online shopping have an effect on a number of user adoptions. The article studies the two main risks of online shopping, payment risk, and product risk. Payment risks are defined as the financial loss which included risks associated with using credit cards and identity theft. Product risk is described as the loss incurred when a product does not perform as expected or does not match what was shown and described online. The study concludes that perceived payment risk and product risk affect online shopping negatively and has negatively impacted the number of users adopting this phenomenon.
Online Shopping Attitude of Indian Tier 2 Consumers
Authors: Thakur Preeti , Kaur Anupriya
Published: February 2019

This study explores the antecedents to online shopping attitude formation that is typical to Indian tier 2 consumers. Qualitative research has been carried out and semi-structured depth interviews were conducted. The grounded theory approach has been used for analysis and a conceptual framework has been developed. Based on the overall analysis, the model depicted the causal antecedents and outcome of online shopping attitude. The findings from this study reveal that online shopping is not limited to a purely convenience-oriented patronage and is rather influenced by a much more holistic approach leading to the attitude formation in tier 2 consumers. The study identified 5 major antecedents to online shopping attitudes specific to Indian tier 2 cities. This study holds meaningful insights for internet marketers and e-commerce business strategist. In particular, for the marketers the study suggests that non-metro cities can no longer be overlooked as they have emerged as significant markets for the future.
Prophetic Discourses and Power Shift in Ethiopian History
Authors: Wudie Alelign Aschale
Published: February 2019

The main intention in this article is to critically analyze the role of prophecy for power shift in Ethiopia in history. Data collected from archives, traveler accounts, and history documents were critically analyzed. Critical historical discourse analysis was used as a framework and methodology of analysis. Interpretation, symbolization and operationalization of dreams, prophecies, and “told spiritual accounts” by prominent mystics and interpreters had been the critical turning-points of Ethiopians in history. Their role was consequential and influential. Royal families used to “invent, disseminate and operationalize” dreams, prophecies, and superstitious practices. Consequently, their instinctive wish for abundant fulfillment and power grant had been gained by “revelations” and “connections” of each interpretation with supernatural powers. To scale up the benefit, ecclesiastical intervention had been badly sought out. The prophetic discourses and ideologies had been very instrumental in Ethiopian theopolitics, sociocultural practices, and power use.
Electron microprobe and scanning electron microscope mineral analyses of diagenetic minerals from Lower Cretaceous reservoir sandstone, Scotian Basin, offshore Nova Scotia
Authors: Pe-Piper G , Wallace K , Piper D J W
Published: February 2019

This data Open File provides back-scattered electron (BSE) images of diagenetic cements from reservoir sandstones in the Scotian Basin that have not been previously released in other Open Files, together with data on mineral chemistry. These data are of interest
to geologists concerned with diagenesis and reservoir quality in this offshore petroleum basin.
Clinical, functional, and radiologic outcome of single- and double-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in patients with low-grade spondylolisthesis
Authors: Eghbal Keyvan , Pourabbas Babak , Abdollahpour Hamid , Mousavi Reza
Published: February 2019

Objective: The main objective is to determine the functional, clinical, and radiological outcome of patients with low-grade spondylolisthesis undergoing single- or double-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Materials and Methods: This quasi-interventional study was conducted during a 2-year period from 2016 to 2018 in Shiraz, Southern Iran. We included all the adult (≥18 years) patients with low-grade spondylolisthesis (Meyerding Grade I and II) who underwent single- or double-level TLIF in our center. The spinopelvic parameters including pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), and segmental LL (SLL) were measured. The pain intensity and disability were measured utilizing the visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), respectively, after 1 year. Results: Overall, we included a total number of 50 patients with mean age of 54.1 ± 10.48 years. After the surgery, the PI (P = 0.432), PT (P = 0.782), and SS (P = 0.466) were not found to be statistically changed from the baseline. However, we found that single- or double-level TLIF was associated with increased LL (P < 0.001) and SLL (P < 0.001). Regarding the clinical outcome measures, both back (P = 0.001) and leg (P < 0.001) VAS improved after the surgery significantly. In addition, we found that improved leg VAS was positively correlated with improved ODI (r = 0. 634; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Single- or double-level TLIF is associated with increased global and SLL along with improved leg and back pain and disability in patients with low-grade spondylolisthesis. Interestingly, improved leg pain is correlated to improved disability in these patients.
Timing of surgery and surgical strategies in symptomatic brainstem cavernomas: Review of the literature
Authors: Rajagopal Niranjana , Kawase Tsukasa , Mohammad Ameen , Seng Liew , Yamada Yasuhiro , Kato Yoko
Published: February 2019

Brainstem cavernomas (BSCs) are angiographically occult, benign low flow vascular malformations that pose a significant surgical challenge due to their eloquent location. The present study includes an extensive review of the literature and three illustrative cases of BSC with emphasis on the timing of surgery: surgical approaches, usage of intraoperative monitoring, and complication avoidance. A systematic search was performed using the PubMed database was from January 1, 1999, to June 2018. The relevant articles were reviewed with particular attention to hemorrhage rates, timing of surgery, indications for surgery, surgical approaches, and outcome. Along with this, a retrospective analysis of three cases of symptomatic BSC, who were operated for the same, during the year 2018 in our institute was conducted. All the three patients presented with at least 1 episode of hemorrhage before surgery. Of these, one patient was operated immediately due to altered sensorium whereas the other two were operated after at least 4 weeks of the hemorrhagic episode. The patients who were operated in the subacute phase of bleed were seen to have liquefaction of hematoma, thus providing a good surgical demarcation and thereby reduced surgery-related trauma to the surrounding eloquent structures. Two patients improved neurologically during the immediate postoperative period, whereas one had transient worsening of neurological deficits during the immediate postoperative period in the form of additional cranial nerve palsies which completely improved on follow-up after 2 months. Radical resection is recommended in all patients with symptomatic BSCs. Surgery should be considered after the first or the second episode of hemorrhage as multiple rebleeds can cause exacerbation of deficits and sometimes mortality as well. Considering surgical timing, anywhere between 4 and 6 weeks or the subacute phase of the hemorrhage is considered appropriate. The aims of surgical intervention must be to improve preoperative function, minimize surgical morbidity and to reduce hemorrhagic rates. In spite of the significant surgical morbidity associated with BSCs, appropriate patient selection, meticulous surgical planning with adjuncts such as intraoperative monitoring and neuronavigation will go a long way in avoidance of major postoperative complications.
Subpial cervical subependymoma: Report of an unusual tumor with review of literature
Authors: Khatri Deepak , Bhaisora Kamlesh , Gosal Jaskaran , Das Kuntal , Srivastava Arun
Published: February 2019

Subependymoma is rare benign neoplasm (World Health Organization Grade I) usually found in the 4th ventricle and lateral ventricles. They were first described by Boykin as a separate entity in 1954. Subependymoma constitutes only 1%–2% of spinal ependymal tumors. Majority of the spinal subependymoma is intramedullary, with a rare few reported in the extramedullary plane. Clinicoradiologically, subependymoma often mimic more frequent, aggressive tumors of the spine (astrocytoma and ependymoma) which makes them difficult to differentiate. In fact, the diagnosis of subependymoma comes as a histopathological surprise. Maximal safe resection holds the key to good postoperative outcome with a very limited role of adjuvant therapy. Complete excision of the tumor, though desirable, is not feasible in all cases. Owing to their rarity and lack of characteristic clinicoradiological features, there is limited information currently available regarding their preoperative diagnosis and “optimal” management strategy. In this case report, we are discussing a case of eccentric subpial cervical subependymoma discussing important differentiating radiological features, and surgical nuances with an attempt to define “optimal” management strategy.
The Bible and the Qur’an
Authors: Kaltner John , Mirza Younus Y.
Published: February 2019

Not everyone realizes that some of the key figures of Christianity (for example Jesus and Mary) and Judaism (Abraham, Moses) feature prominently in the Qur’an. The Bible and the Qur’an provides an introduction to and complete overview of all the figures and groups who are mentioned in both the Bible and the Qur’an. The principal focus is on the similarities and differences between the presentation of these characters in the two texts, with focus placed on how they appear in the Islamic text. Many of the individuals/groups discussed are also treated in other Islamic sources, most notably the collections known as “The Stories of the Prophets,” and these references are also included.

Each figure or group that appears in both texts receives its own entry which includes the following items: (1) a list of relevant Qur’an passages; (2) a description of how the individual/group is presented in the Qur’an and Stories of the Prophets; (3) questions/issues to consider; (4) suggestions for further readings, when relevant. An introductory section provides a basic orientation to the Bible, the Qur’an and other Islamic sources by discussing their contents, role, and how they are used and studied.
Transorientalism in Art, Fashion, and Film
Authors: Geczy Adam
Published: February 2019

Combining transnationalism and exoticism, transorientalism is the new orientalism of the age of globalization. With its roots in earlier times, it is a term that emphasizes alteration, mutation, and exchange between cultures.

While the familiar orientalisms persist, transorientalism is a term that covers notions like the adoption of a hat from a different country for Turkish nationalist dress, the fact that an Italian could be one of the most influential directors in recent Chinese cinema, that Muslim women artists explore Islamic womanhood in non-Islamic countries, that artists can embrace both indigenous and non-indigenous identity at the same time. This is more than nostalgia or bland nationalism. It is a reflection of the effect that communication and representation in recent decades have brought to the way in which national identity is crafted and constructed—yet this does not make it any less authentic. The diversity of race and culture, the manner in which they are expressed and transacted, are most evident in art, fashion, and film. This much-needed book offers a refreshing, informed, and incisive account of a paradigm shift in the ways in which identity and otherness is moulded, perceived, and portrayed.
Food and Animal Welfare
Authors: Buller Henry , Roe Emma
Published: February 2019

Drawing together the latest research and a range of case studies, Henry Buller and Emma Roe guide readers on a fascinating journey through animal welfare issues ‘from farm to fork’. Animal welfare offers a vital lens through which to explore the economies, culture and politics of food. This is the first text to provide a much-needed overview of this strongly debated area of the food industry.

Buller and Roe explore how animal welfare is defined, advocated, assessed and implemented by farmers, veterinarians, distributors, and consumers. From the practicalities and limitations of establishing a basic standard of care for livestock, to the ethics of selling welfare as a product in the supermarket, this indispensable book offers empirical insights into a key aspect of the global food system: the lives, deaths, and consumption of animals which are at the core of the food chain. It is a must-read for students and scholars of animal welfare, agro-food studies and human-animal relations in disciplines such as geography, politics, anthropology, and sociology as well as animal behaviour, psychology and veterinary science.
Ethnographic Collecting and African Agency in Early Colonial West Africa
Authors: Kingdon Zachary , Brown Kathryn , Chagnon-Burke Véronique , Force Christel H. , Galloway Charlotte , Jordan Mel , Quemin Alain , Westgarth Mark , Emery Elizabeth , Kelly Simon , Quirk Maria
Published: February 2019

The early collections from Africa in Liverpool’s World Museum reflect the city’s longstanding shipping and commercial links with Africa’s Atlantic coast. A principal component of these collections is an assemblage of several thousand artefacts from western Africa that were transported to institutions in northwest England between 1894 and 1916 by the Liverpool steam ship engineer Arnold Ridyard. While Ridyard’s collecting efforts can be seen to have been shaped by the steamers’ dynamic capacity to connect widely separated people and places, his Methodist credentials were fundamental in determining the profile of his African networks, because they meant that he was not part of official colonial authority in West Africa. Kingdon’s study uncovers the identities of many of Ridyard’s numerous West African collaborators and discusses their interests and predicaments under the colonial dispensation. Against this background account, their agendas are examined with reference to surviving narratives that accompanied their donations and within the context of broader processes of trans-imperial exchange, through which they forged new identities and statuses for themselves and attempted to counter expressions of British cultural imperialism in the region. The study concludes with a discussion of the competing meanings assigned to the Ridyard assemblage by the Liverpool Museum and examines the ways in which its re-contextualization in museum contexts helped to efface signs of the energies and narratives behind its creation.
Transforming Students’ Global Knowledge and Perspectives through International Service- Learning (ISL): How U.S. University Agriculture Students Made Sense of their Lived Experiences Over Time
Authors: Roberts Richie , Edwards M. Craig
Published: February 2019

University agriculture students are failing in terms of their general global knowledge. As such, the need exists to examine instructional techniques that may assist in overcoming this deficiency. One such approach is international service-learning (ISL). The purpose of the current study, therefore, was to explore the lived experiences of university agriculture students who participated in an ISL opportunity to Uganda, which was partially funded by a grant from the U.S. Department of State. The essence of participants’ lived experiences is best described as a transformative shift in their global knowledge and perspectives. The processes that foregrounded this shift are described through six themes of meaning: (a) contextual border crossing; (b)
dissonance; (c) personalizing; (d) processing; (e) connecting; and (f) sustained relationships. Findings suggest students’ perspectives could be modified through ISL. Using Kiely’s (2005) transformative learning model for service-learning (TLMSL), recommendations are offered for research, theory-building, and practice.
Diffusing Water Conservation and Treatment Technologies to Nursery and Greenhouse Growers
Authors: Lamm Alexa J. , Warner Laura A. , Taylor Melissa R. , Martin Emmett T. , White Sarah , Fisher Paul
Published: February 2019

Nursery and greenhouse operations require significantly large amounts of water to maintain product quality and often use more than what is needed by the crop being grown. The nursery industry’s use of water is highly criticized and adds to arguments against agricultural water use with increasingly limited water resources available globally. The purpose of this study was to explore the barriers and motivators associated with nursery and greenhouse growers’ adoption of water conservation and treatment technologies. In-depth interviews were conducted with 24 operators across the U.S. to identify their perceptions of new water-saving technologies and treatments based on the five attributes of an innovation identified by Rogers (2003). The findings revealed growers are aware of water-saving technologies and the rate of adoption depends on a
variety of factors including: perceived cost, lack of ability of their workforce to use the new technology due to its complexity, and belief that their product will be worth more if it is grown in an environmentally-friendly manner. Barriers to adoption included the high cost of replacing equipment, incompatibility with existing systems, and the perception that new technologies do not fit in with the traditional hands-on approach to horticulture. Suggested extension programs to reach growers include developing materials that highlight the economic benefit of adoption and cost recovery, YouTube videos that reduce issues with perceived complexity growers can use with their workers, and programs that emphasize how technology fits in with the culture of the horticulture industry.
Primary emissions versus secondary formation of fine particulate matter in the most polluted city (Shijiazhuang) in North China
Authors: Huang Ru-Jin , Wang Yichen , Cao Junji , Lin Chunshui , Duan Jing , Chen Qi , Li Yongjie , Gu Yifang , Yan Jin , Xu Wei , Fröhlich Roman , Canonaco Francesco , Bozzetti Carlo , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Ceburnis Darius , Canagaratna Manjula R. , Jayne John , Worsnop Douglas R. , El-Haddad Imad , Prévôt André S. H. , O'Dowd Colin D.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Particulate matter (PM) pollution is a severe environmental problem in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region in North
China. PM studies have been conducted extensively in Beijing, but the
chemical composition, sources, and atmospheric processes of PM are still
relatively less known in nearby Tianjin and Hebei. In this study, fine PM
in urban Shijiazhuang (the capital of Hebei Province) was characterized using
an Aerodyne quadrupole aerosol chemical speciation monitor (Q-ACSM) from
11 January to 18 February in 2014. The average mass concentration of
non-refractory submicron PM (diameter <1 µm, NR-PM1) was
178±101 µg m−3, and it was composed of 50 % organic aerosol
(OA), 21 % sulfate, 12 % nitrate, 11 % ammonium, and 6 % chloride.
Using the multilinear engine (ME-2) receptor model, five OA sources were
identified and quantified, including hydrocarbon-like OA from vehicle
emissions (HOA, 13 %), cooking OA (COA, 16 %), biomass burning OA (BBOA,
17 %), coal combustion OA (CCOA, 27 %), and oxygenated OA (OOA, 27 %).
We found that secondary formation contributed substantially to PM in episodic
events, whereas primary emissions were dominant (most significant) on average.
The episodic events with the highest NR-PM1 mass range of
300–360 µg m−3 were comprised of 55 % of secondary species. On the
contrary, a campaign-average low OOA fraction (27 %) in OA indicated the
importance of primary emissions, and a low sulfur oxidation degree
(FSO4) of 0.18 even at RH >90 % hinted at insufficient
oxidation. These results suggested that in Shijiazhuang in wintertime fine PM
was mostly from primary emissions without sufficient atmospheric aging,
indicating opportunities for air quality improvement by mitigating direct
emissions. In addition, secondary inorganic and organic (OOA) species
dominated in pollution events with high-RH conditions, most likely due to
enhanced aqueous-phase chemistry, whereas primary organic aerosol (POA)
dominated in pollution events with low-RH and stagnant conditions. These
results also highlighted the importance of meteorological conditions for PM
pollution in this highly polluted city in North China.
Measurements of nitric oxide and ammonia soil fluxes from a wet savanna ecosystem site in West Africa during the DACCIWA field campaign
Authors: Pacifico Federica , Delon Claire , Jambert Corinne , Durand Pierre , Morris Eleanor , Evans Mat J. , Lohou Fabienne , Derrien Solène , Donnou Venance H. E. , Houeto Arnaud V. , Reinares Martínez Irene , Brilouet Pierre-Etienne
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Biogenic fluxes from soil at a local and regional scale are crucial to study
air pollution and climate. Here we present field measurements of soil fluxes
of nitric oxide (NO) and ammonia (NH3) observed over four different
land cover types, i.e. bare soil, grassland, maize field, and forest, at an
inland rural site in Benin, West Africa, during the DACCIWA field campaign in
June and July 2016. At the regional scale, urbanization and a massive growth
in population in West Africa have been causing a strong increase in
anthropogenic emissions. Anthropogenic pollutants are transported inland and
northward from the megacities located on the coast, where the reaction with
biogenic emissions may lead to enhanced ozone production outside urban areas,
as well as secondary organic aerosol formation, with detrimental effects on
humans, animals, natural vegetation, and crops. We observe NO fluxes up to
48.05 ngN m−2 s−1. NO fluxes averaged over all land cover types
are 4.79±5.59 ngN m−2 s−1, and maximum soil emissions of NO
are recorded over bare soil. NH3 is dominated by deposition for all
land cover types. NH3 fluxes range between −6.59 and
4.96 ngN m−2 s−1. NH3 fluxes averaged over all land
cover types are -0.91±1.27 ngN m−2 s−1, and maximum
NH3 deposition is measured over bare soil. The observations show high
spatial variability even for the same soil type, same day, and same
meteorological conditions. We compare point daytime average measurements of
NO emissions recorded during the field campaign with those simulated by
GEOS-Chem (Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry Model) for the same site
and find good agreement. In an attempt to quantify NO emissions at the
regional and national scale, we also provide a tentative estimate of total NO
emissions for the entire country of Benin for the month of July using two
distinct methods: upscaling point measurements and using the GEOS-Chem model.
The two methods give similar results: 1.17±0.6 and
1.44 GgN month−1, respectively. Total
NH3 deposition estimated by upscaling point measurements for the
month of July is 0.21 GgN month−1.
The role of moisture transport for precipitation in the inter-annual and inter-daily fluctuations of the Arctic sea ice extension
Authors: Gimeno-Sotelo Luis , Nieto Raquel , Vázquez Marta , Gimeno Luis
Published: February 2019

Abstract. By considering the moisture transport for precipitation (MTP) for a target
region to be the moisture that arrives in this region from its major moisture
sources and which then results in precipitation in that region, we explore
(i) whether the MTP from the main moisture sources for the Arctic region is
linked with inter-annual fluctuations in the extent of Arctic sea ice
superimposed on its decline and (ii) the role of extreme MTP events in the
inter-daily change in the Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) when extreme MTP
simultaneously arrives from the four main moisture regions that supply it.
The results suggest (1) that ice melting at the scale of inter-annual
fluctuations against the trend is favoured by an increase in moisture
transport in summer, autumn, and winter and a decrease in spring and, (2) on
a daily basis, extreme humidity transport increases the formation of ice in
winter and decreases it in spring, summer, and autumn; in these three seasons
extreme humidity transport
therefore contributes to Arctic sea ice melting. These patterns differ
sharply from that linked to the decline on a long-range scale, especially in
summer when the opposite trend applies, as ice melt is favoured by a decrease
in moisture transport for this season at this scale.