bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-Component System of Language Planning: A Case Study Tuvan, Kalmyk and Karelian
Authors: Kirilenko S. V.
Published: April 2021

The review of existing approaches to the study of the problem of language planning is carried out. The features of the implementation of its main aspects are studied. The definitions of the term “language planning” in domestic and foreign sociolinguistics are compared. The activity of actors is studied at the macrolevel and microlevel of language planning. Attention is paid to the goals of language planning, which include not only work on changes in the areas of language use, but also counteraction to the speech shift, which can ultimately lead to the death of the language. Language planning is viewed as a combination of three main areas: status planning, corpus planning and planned language acquisition. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of these components in relation to some of the title languages of the Russian Federation: Tuvan, Kalmyk and Karelian. It is argued that prestigious planning is the foundation for successful language fore-casting. The importance of considering both social and political components in language forecasting is emphasized. The relevance of the study is due to the need to create a base for the subsequent linguistic forecast, which is impossible without an analytical assessment of the existing linguistic situation.
Susciter le développement professionnel en étayant la réflexivité en formation continue : une étude de cas à l’école maternelle
Authors: Talérien Stéphane Jean , Chaliès Sébastien , Bertone Stefano
Published: April 2021

Cette étude de cas propose, à partir d’un programme de recherche anthropoculturel, un dispositif de formation adossé à la recherche qui crée les conditions formelles propices à la transmission efficace des règles d’une pratique pédagogique ordinaire entre deux enseignants expérimentés exerçant au sein de la même école maternelle. Afin de produire leur développement professionnel, les deux enseignants (l’un tenant le rôle de « pair formateur » et l’autre celui de « pair formé ») ont vécu trois épisodes de formation : (i) l’accès préalable du pair formateur à une vision plus claire des règles régissant sa pratique devant être transmise (ii) l’enseignement ostensif de ces règles par le pair formateur en direction du pair formé et (iii) deux mises en œuvre par le pair formé suivies à chaque fois d’une activité d’accompagnement sous forme de contrôle du pair formateur. Les résultats obtenus montrent (a) l’apprentissage d’une nouvelle règle par le pair formé lui permettant de résoudre une difficulté professionnelle ainsi que (b) le développement professionnel du pair formateur suite à son accompagnement de la pratique du pair formé.
In Schule und Unterricht erlebte Praxis reflektieren.
Authors: Cocard Yves , Tettenborn Annette
Published: April 2021

An der Pädagogischen Hochschule Luzern schliessen angehende Lehrpersonen der Sekundarstufe I den Bereich Bildungs- und Sozialwissenschaften mit einer schriftlichen Arbeit ab, in welcher sie Situationen aus ihrer Schul- und Unterrichtspraxis methodisch-systematisch reflektieren. Im Beitrag wird exemplarisch anhand von ausgewählten Passagen aus einer Abschlussarbeit aufgezeigt, wie ein Student eine Praktikumssituation entlang der Phasen und Kategorien des Reflexionsmodells EDAMA (Aeppli & Lötscher, 2016) analysiert und bilanziert. Die Qualitäten der Reflexion als ein Indikator der erreichten Pädagogischen Professionalität werden mittels kongruent zum Rahmenmodell entwickelten Kriterien beurteilt.
Empirische Bildungsforschung im deutschsprachigen Raum. Rückblick und Ausblick
Authors: Maag Merki Katharina
Published: April 2021

Der Aufschwung der empirischen Bildungsforschung im deutschsprachigen Raum in den letzten zwanzig Jahren steht in einem Zusammenhang mit den Ergebnissen der international vergleichenden Leistungsstudien wie PISA und TIMSS, der Implementation neuer Steuerungsformen sowie mit umfangreichen strukturellen Massnahmen. In diesem Artikel erfolgt zunächst eine Auseinandersetzung mit der «empirischen Bildungsforschung» als Forschungsfeld. In einem zweiten Schritt werden aktuelle Forschungslücken beschrieben. Forschungsbedarf kann in theoretischer und methodischer Perspektive und bezüglich der Klärung der Fragen nach den Bedingungsfaktoren und Effekten von Bildungsprozessen identifiziert werden. Des Weiteren wird für den Aufbau einer Forschungsinfrastruktur für Bildungsforschung plädiert.
Community Based Disaster Preparedness: Need for a Standardized Training Module
Authors: Garingan Eleanor Gatchalian
Published: April 2021

One of the biggest challenges we face today is providing information on the risk of natural disasters and preparedness is crucial with the least damage. The goal is to help develop vitally important skills and enable them to make correct decisions in critical situations. Knowledge provides the best instrument for disseminating the information necessary to reduce disaster risks by implementing appropriate risk reduction measures. This study ascertains the level of disaster preparedness in case of emergency.  The study used the descriptive-correlation design with 80 respondents. Questionnaires and interviews were employed. G-Power; Frequency counts and percentages; Mean; t-test; F- test or Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Kendall’s tau-b was used. Results revealed that the level of disaster preparedness and management in case of emergency is sometimes.  Age, civil status, ethnic affiliation, and occupation affect disaster preparedness and management in case of emergency.  Ethnic affiliation and occupation affect the relationship between disaster preparedness and management in case of emergency. Findings suggest that disseminate disaster risk reduction information at all levels, develop educational programs on disaster risk reduction; develop a safe behavior model and skills, and learning by doing is necessary to develop their knowledge and skills.
SISTEM PENDETEKSI DINI KESEHATAN MENTAL EMOSIONAL ANAK USIA 4-17 TAHUN MENGGUNAKAN METODE FORWARD CHAINING
Authors: Rizkiah Andita , Risanty Rita Dewi , Mujiastuti Rully
Published: April 2021

Mental emosional adalah suatu usaha untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan dan pengalaman-pengalamannya. Masalah mental emosional pada anak merupakan masalah yang cukup serius karena berdampak terhadap perkembangan, menimbulkan hendaya, menurunkan produktivitas dan kualitas hidup mereka. Melihat luasnya faktor risiko dan dampak yang mungkin terjadi, maka sudah sewajarnya keluarga terutama orang tua harus lebih menyadari kondisi tersebut dengan melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan mental emosional sehingga masalah mental emosional pada anak dapat segera ditindaklanjuti untuk menghindari terjadinya gangguan jiwa di kemudian hari. Pemeriksaan kesehatan mental emosional pada anak merupakan upaya menemukan adanya kelainan mental emosional pada anak agar dapat diketahui dan segera ditindaklanjuti sesuai rekomendasi. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, dibuatlah sebuah Sistem Pendeteksi Dini Kesehatan Mental Emosional Anak Usia 4-17 Tahun menggunakan kuesioner Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) dan pengolahan data kuesioner tersebut menggunakan Metode Forward Chaining dalam menginterpretasi hasil. Terdapat lima kategori atau aspek perilaku yang diukur guna mendeteksi dini kesehatan mental emosional yaitu gejala emosional, masalah perilaku, hiperaktivitas, masalah teman sebaya dan perilaku prososial. Setiap kategori tersebut akan menghasilkan tiga klasifikasi kesehatan mental emosional, berupa normal, borderline atau abnormal. Pengujian hasil telah dilakukan terhadap 30 data secara manual dan aplikasi serta mendapatkan hasil yang sesuai.
A Popperian Approach: Pre-service Teachers’ Preparation In Teaching English to Young Learners
Authors: Astutik Yuli , Dharmawanti Kurnia Fabiola , Mustofa Ali
Published: April 2021

Karl Popper's falsification epistemology theory that all science develops through conjectures and refutations have enormous implications for education, especially in teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL). TEFL to young learners is a challenge for pre-service teachers in non-home English countries. They should prepare to teach English while they also use English as a foreign language. Pre-service teachers focused on mastering language skills, whereas many preparatory processes they have to ensure before they take into the English teaching profession. Therefore, in this article, the authors assert that pre-service teachers should master linguistics proficiency, pedagogy knowledge, and literature as the means used in teaching English. Some theories and research findings have been discussed in teaching English to EFL children. However, the scope of discussion on pre-service teachers' preparation is fragmented among the uses of language skill and teaching discipline. Even they rarely explain how to teach language in a fun way through literary works. With a comprehensive literature review method, this article focuses more on conveying the author's ideas and thoughts discussing EFL pre-service teachers' preparation in teaching English to young learners with the Popperian approach. The popperian approach is considered to be more dynamic and open to ideas and opinions on policies in various fields, one of which is education.
More than Just Brushing: A Study of the Socioeconomic Impacts on Oral Health in Kindergarten Students
Authors: Rey Alexander
Published: April 2021

Social determinants have been suggested as playing a role in the oral health status of kindergarten students. This research project examines the relationship between social factors (such as income, education, housing security, and family composition) and oral health indices (such as decayed, missing, extracted teeth (deft), debris, gingivitis, and decay type) in Brant County. The data collected by the Brant County Health Unit during 2011 and dissemination area data from the 2006 Canadian Census was used for this project. A semi-ecological analysis was performed using correlation, ANOVA, and Tukey post-hoc statistical tests.  Overall, there was a significant correlation between high-risk demographic factors and high-risk oral health scores. In particular, housing related factors exhibited a significant increase between caries free and high caries groups, suggesting that housing related factors have an important impact on oral health. Furthermore, an increase in percentage of households receiving government transfers in higher decay groups suggests that access to dental insurance is not the only factor impacting of oral health, as almost all government transfer programs include a dental coverage component.  These results suggest that dental programs should be targeted at areas of Brant County with high rates of families spending more than 30% of their income on housing, in addition to lower income areas. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the focus placed on the utilisation of care should be equal to that placed on access to care.
An Analysis of Queen’s University Students’ Participation in Student-Run Development Projects
Authors: Dineen Mira
Published: April 2021

Young Canadians have access to a wealth of opportunities to participate in short-term development projects within developing regions in Canada and around the world. These projects include voluntourism, ecotourism, academic exchanges at educational institutions abroad, research projects, religious missions, internships, and short-term development initiatives organized by student-run campus organizations. Although there are numerous studies that examine gap year projects or short-term development projects, there are currently no studies of young Canadian university students’ involvement in short-term development projects through student-run organizations. This study seeks to explore young Canadian adults’ motivations to participate in short-term development projects, how participants in short-term development projects imagine themselves as agents of development, and what short-term development projects are teaching participants. Individual interviews were conducted with young Canadian adults between 18 and 24 years old who participated in a short-term development project between 2008 and 2011. Participants were recruited from two student-run development organizations at Queen’s and all projects lasted between six weeks and three months. This study draws on development theorists such as Edward Said, Barbara Heron, Kate Simpson, and Rebecca Tiessen, to frame and examine participants’ responses. This study finds that young Canadian development workers draw motivation, justification, and imagined identities as agents of development from a complex interface between whiteness, gender, colonialism, Orientalism, and morality. This study concludes that a short-term development work is dominated by a simplistic narrative that depoliticizes development and identifies concepts produced and reinforced by this narrative. Further, this study identifies needs and recommends opportunities for future research.
An Evaluation of Microbial Contamination in Ontario Beach Waters: qPCR Vercus Culture for Enterococcus
Authors: Woolfson Ashlee Rachel
Published: April 2021

Contamination in recreational beach water is currently assessed using culture-based measurements of fecal indicator bacteria, a process that requires eighteen to twenty-four hours, from the time of sample collection until results can be released (Converse 2012). Due to the fluctuating nature of microbial contamination, data obtained twenty-four hours later are barely pertinent, and decisions regarding beach closure must be made on outdated information. To avoid this lag, real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been suggested as an alternate testing method, since it directly measures the genetic material in a sample, and thus can reduce lag time to about three to four hours (Ferretti 2010). The major concern of using qPCR is that the value obtained is a measure of DNA in a sample, and, even though the value can be compared to the amount of DNA in one cell, there may be DNA in the sample that should not be counted towards the total, such as DNA from dead organisms (Haugland 2005). This paper focuses on samples collected during the summer of 2012 from Outlet Beach and Bath Filtration Plant in Kingston, Ontario. DNA was extracted from the samples and subjected to qPCR. The amount of DNA was then compared to a known amount of DNA in calibrator cells. This calculated calibrator cell equivalent value can then be compared to the colony forming unit value, as determined by membrane filtration. Through statistical analysis, a relationship can then be found between the two related values.
15. The Neural Basis of Eating Disorders and Potential Neurobiological and Psychotherapeutic Treatments in Young Adults
Authors: Masood Jaudat
Published: April 2021

Although the prevalence of eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating) has increased among young adults - affecting women ten times more than men - a complete understanding of its underlying neural basis has yet to be reached. A common misconception is that these disorders stem from a superficial emphasis on food and weight, when actually environmental stressors coupled with neurobiological predispositions are major contributing factors to these compulsive, impulsive and sensation-seeking behaviors. This review presents a comprehensive look at theories on the neurobiological causes and effects of eating disorders: regulation of brain serotonin levels on mood and food intake, hypothalamic control of eating and weight, the allocentric lock hypothesis and finally similarities between the neurobiology of addiction and eating disorders. Understanding the pathology of the disorder may help elucidate why, despite achieving cognitive awareness of the disorder, treatment is difficult due to a disconnect between the neural factors controlling the disorder and a subsequent behavioral change. Why does cognitive awareness of their disorder not translate into a behavioral change? If the contributing neurobiological factors influencing the onset and persistence of the disorder can be understood, a multi-disciplinary treatment involving neuropharmacological and socio-emotional components could be implemented. The application of this research could be important for post-secondary institutions where environmental pressures and personal predispositions of individuals may align to onset eating-disorder behavior. Future studies on the physiology of eating and stress regulation and psychotherapeutic research may help develop treatments to target individuals at many stages of the disorder.
Different sources of phosphorus fertilizers and soil amendments affected the phosphorus and cadmium content in soil, roots and seeds of maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Umayangani Chathurika , Malaviarachchi Wasantha , Hettiarachchi Rasika , Yapa Neelamanie
Published: April 2021

Phosphorus (P) fertilizers contain cadmium (Cd) as a contaminant at levels varying from trace amounts to high levels and therefore, can be a major source of Cd to agricultural systems. This study was designed to assess the impact on application of Eppawala rock phosphate (ERP) and triple super phosphate (TSP) as P fertilizers and different soil amendments on P and Cd uptake in maize (Zea mays L.). The field trial was carried out at Field Crop Research and Development Institute at Mahailluppallama, Sri Lanka. A randomized complete block design was employed with three replicates as ERP and TSP separately applied with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and three types of amendments (biochar, compost and dolomite) and the control without adding P fertilizers. Phosphorus content and Cd content of soil, maize roots and seeds were quantified. Results revealed that available soil Cd and total accumulated root and seed Cd amounts were significantly higher in TSP added treatments with and without amendments compared with ERP added soil. Considering soil available P, root and seed P, there was no significant difference observed in different treatments of TSP and ERP added treatments. A similar phenomenon was also observed in growth and yield parameters with both fertilizers added and with the added amendments. There was no colonization of AMF in maize roots in TSP applied soil while 25-60% of colonization was recorded with ERP. Synthetic fertilizer (TSP) must have inhibited the AMF colonization and thereby increasing the Cd content in maize seeds. AMF colonization increased with comparatively low soil available P in ERP added treatments. The results revealed that TSP could be effectively substituted by ERP as a source of P for maize soils. The addition of AMF, compost and biochar further increased the effect.
A Comparison of Current Regulatory Frameworks for Nutraceuticals in Australia, Canada, Japan, and the United States.
Authors: Blaze Jessica
Published: April 2021

The nutraceutical market is growing and the demand for products is increasing. Consumers are looking for cheaper alternatives to prescription medications as well as health products to supplement their dietary intake on a regular basis. Many countries classify these products into different categories based on their health claims. The purpose of this review is to compare and contrast the differences of regulatory frameworks in countries of similar status in regard to nutraceutical products: vitamins, minerals, herbal supplements, and probiotics. This review also takes into consideration the aspects of nutraceutical safety in relation to government regulations. It is evident that further discussion is indicated with regard to the harmonization of nutraceutical product regulation in a global context in order to promote and protect public health.
 This literature review selected 27 documents for a review using a systematic search of internet databases and search engines including PUBMED and Google Scholar. These documents were reviewed and synthesized for data relating to nutraceutical regulation within the four different countries of focus. Outcomes included information on safety and toxicity, drug interactions, classification of products, and regulatory processes for nutraceutical product approval in each country.
Effect of synthetic cannabinoids (JWH-018) on antibody response to HBV vaccination
Authors: KÖKSOY Serkan , BAŞALP Aynur
Published: April 2021

Synthetic cannabinoids can affect the immune system and can cause some changes in immune response. The immune response to the Hepatit B vaccine is complex. Studies on hepatitis B vaccine antibody response and JWH-018 are extremely limited. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of JWH-018 on anti-HBs Ag changes before or after Hepatitis B vaccination. The study was performed on C57BL6 mice (n=25). Mice were divided into 3 groups. Control Group; it was immunized Engerix B at 3 times 3-week intervals. Group 1; JWH-018 (1 mg/kg) was administered once a week for 4 weeks. At the end of this period, Engerix B was immunized 3 times at 3-week intervals. Group 2; it was immunized 3 times at 3-weeks intervals with Engerix B. At the end of this period JWH-018 (1 mg/kg) was treated once a week for 4 weeks. Blood samples (3 times with an interval of 2 weeks) were collected at the end of drug and vaccine administration. It was calculated that the means obtained from the control group were lower than the other groups. The final measurement of the within-group was higher than other measures and was statistically significant (p=0,017). Statistical difference was measured in the first (p=0,018) and third measurements (p=0,005) of the between groups. A total of 5 mice from the experimental groups died at different stages of the study. In this study, the use of JWH-018 has been shown to be effective on the anti-HBs parameter. We think that our study is very valuable in terms of proving the relationship between JWH-018 and Anti-Hbs parameter. However, more data are needed to understand causation.
Talaromycosis Marneffei pada Pasien HIV
Authors: Ihsani Aulia , Raveinal Raveinal
Published: April 2021

Talaromycosis marneffei adalah infeksi jamur yang disebabkan Talaromyces marneffei. Talaromikosis adalah salah satu infeksi oportunistik yang sering mengenai orang dengan infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) stadium akhir di Asia Tenggara, India timur laut, Cina Selatan, Hongkong, dan Taiwan. Gejala klinis talaromikosis tidak spesifik, seperti demam, anemia, penurunan berat badan, hepatomegali, splenomegali, gangguan pernapasan dan manifestasi kulit. Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan kecurigaan klinis dengan konfirmasi pemeriksaan histopatologi. Dilaporkan pasien laki-laki berusia 29 tahun, dirawat di Bagian Penyakit Dalam RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang, dengan keluhan utama muncul bintil-bintil berwarna kehitaman hampir diseluruh wajah sejak 3 bulan yang lalu. Pasien sudah dikenal menderita HIV sejak 4 bulan yang lalu dan sudah mendapat terapi antiretroviral (ARV). Didapatkan plak hiperpigmentasi pada wajah dan hepatomegali. Laboratorium didapatkan kadar hemoglobin 8,9 gr/dl, CD4 8 sel/uL dan pemeriksaan histopatologi yang menunjukkan massa sporis eosinofilik di intraseluler dan diantara stroma jaringan ikat. Pemberian ARV dilanjutkan dan juga diberikan antijamur.Kata kunci: human immunodeficiency virus, talaromycosis, talaromyces marneffei
Perbedaan Profil Abses Hati Pyogenic dengan Amoebic pada Pasien Abses Hati Rawat Inap di RSUD Dr Soetomo Tahun 2016-2019
Authors: Paramitha Annisya Dinda , Kholili Ulfa , Setyoboedi Bagus
Published: April 2021

Abses hati dibagi menjadi dua berdasarkan penyebab, yaitu bakteri pyogenik dan amoebik. Abses hati yang terjadi pada Dr. Soetomo masih belum diketahui, tetapi protozoa atau bakteri yang menyebabkan abses hati ditemukan banyak di Indonesia. Tujuan: Menentukan perbedaan profil klinis pasien dengan abses hati amoebik dan pyogenik di RSUD Dr. Soetomo pada periode 2016 sampai 2019.  Metode: Studi ini adalah analitik observasional menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional pada rekam medis, dengan kriteria inklusi tes seroamoeba dan USG. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square untuk skala nominal, t-test dan Man-Whitney untuk skala interval. Hasil: Ada 58 pasien dengan abses hati, masing-masing terdiri dari 29 pasien pada kedua jenis abses hati. Abses hati terjadi lebih dari 85% pada pria dengan usia rata- rata 42 hingga 45 tahun. Manifestasi klinis yang paling umum adalah nyeri RUQ (Kuadran Kanan Atas) (93,1%), hepatomegali (70%), dan demam (69%). Hasil pemeriksaan USG adalah abses tunggal di lobus kanan. Tinjauan terapi menggunakan drainase perkutan lebih dari operasi. Komplikasi yang paling umum adalah efusi pleura (37,9%) dan sepsis (34,5%). Kematian hanya terjadi pada abses hati pyogenik sebesar 13,8%, sedangkan pada amoebik 0%. Dan rata-rata lama durasi abses hati (LOS) adalah 15 (sekitar 7 hari). Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan karakteristik, gambaran klinis, dan angka kematian antara pasien abses hati amoebik dan pyogenik, dan terbukti secara statistika pada mortalitas.Kata kunci: abses hati amoebic, abses hati pyogenic, rawat inap
Epidemiologia i etiologia ostrego zapalenia trzustki
Authors: Konończuk Tomasz , Krzyżak Michalina , Żendzian-Piotrowska Małgorzata , Kurek Krzysztof
Published: April 2021

Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common and severe gastrointestinal disease with poorly understood pathogenesis. The incidence rate of acute pancreatitis has been rising recently in many countries. Moving forward, the disease represents a significant number of hospitalizations. Although the most common etiological factors including biliary stones and alcohol abuse are relatively easy to diagnose, the identifications of the other less common etiologies may be challenging. Moreover, regardless of its etiology, acute pancreatitis represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, ranging, in the case of severe form of acute pancreatitis, from 36 to 50%. Recently, several guidelines of acute pancreatitis management have been published. Typical clinical management of acute pancreatitis includes intensive intravenous hydration, analgesia, and treatment of complications. However, data concerning acute pancreatitis diagnosis are still insufficient. Thus, the aim of this review was to discuss the acute pancreatitis epidemiology as well as establish the acute pancreatitis etiological workup algorithm.
Contemporary possibilities of reducing health damage caused by particulate matter air pollution
Authors: Krakowiak Ewa , Cembrzyńska Jolanta
Published: April 2021

Particulate matter air pollution is one of global environmental threats and is considered by the World Health Organisation (WHO) to be a direct cause of deteriorated health and living conditions. In Poland, air pollution exceeds the levels associated with the risk of acute and chronic health conditions many times a year. In order to protect public health, it is necessary to improve air quality by eliminating or reducing the emission of pollutants to acceptable levels. Individual exposure to particulate air pollution, especially during the periods of high concentrations, may be limited by taking appropriate measures such as staying indoors with windows closed, reducing the inflow of outdoor air, limiting outdoor exercise, especially near the sources of emissions. The growing number of public air quality alert systems helps raise awareness of the risk. Avoiding exposure to air pollution is particularly important for sensitive populations. Studies should be continued to investigate the mechanisms underlying the reduction of negative effects of air pollution on health by vitamin/antioxidant supplementation or balanced diet, as well as by using personal protective equipment (filter half masks) to develop appropriate guidelines for both the sensitive and general population. It is important to develop appropriate, individually tailored strategies for reducing harm related to particulate matter air pollution without abandoning healthy physical activity. Action taken individually by each person must be safe and bring appropriate health benefits.
Deep infiltrating endometriosis of the rectovaginal septum – an interdisciplinary problem
Authors: Songin Tomasz
Published: April 2021

Endometriosis refers to the ectopic localization of the uterine glandular epithelium, which can infiltrate all peritoneal cavity organs as well as, though less commonly, distant locations. One of its most severe forms is deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) of the rectovaginal septum. In cases of DIE, the infiltration may involve the vagina, uterus, rectum, and the area of anal sphincters and pelvic floor muscles. The condition causes a variety of pain symptoms, including dyspareunia and dyschezia, and other intestinal complaints, significantly impairing the quality of a woman’s life. Important elements of the diagnostic work-up include obtaining the patient’s detailed history followed by transvaginal and transrectal examinations. Additional examinations recommended in patient assessment are transvaginal and transrectal ultrasonography, and MRI. The sensitivity and specificity of the methods may reach 91 and 98%, respectively. The combination of these diagnostic modalities significantly increases the rate of diagnosis, reducing the time to the start of treatment which, at present, is on average 7 years. The main management methods for DIE include pharmacotherapy and surgical treatment complemented by an appropriate diet, physiotherapy and psychotherapy. Hormone treatment markedly reduces pain, contributing to an improvement in the quality of life, and causes slight changes in the size of endometriotic lesions, which is associated with the relapse of symptoms after the discontinuation of medication. Surgical methods allow radical removal of lesions, but may cause significant complications, adversely affecting the function of the intestine, bladder, anal sphincters, and other body organs. In each case, the choice of optimum treatment should be adjusted individually to the patient based on the experience of the multidisciplinary team.
Anaesthetic considerations for emergency laparotomy
Authors: Wadełek Jacek
Published: April 2021

The majority of patients undergoing emergency laparotomy have potentially life?threatening conditions that require prompt intervention. The reduced time?frames available due to surgical urgency necessitate prompt and senior decision?making to minimise delays. The time taken to correct any anomalies needs to be balanced against the need for prompt surgery, particularly in time?sensitive situations involving sepsis or hypovolaemia. Therefore, corrective measures may be performed in parallel with surgery. Patients undergoing emergency laparotomy are at a high risk of adverse outcomes. Key elements of care for these patients include repeated risk assessment, early antibiotic therapy, as well as fluid resuscitation and appropriate timely interventions provided by clinicians with the right level of experience.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA KADO ILMU DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS CERPEN PADAPESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Weleng Maria , Owon Robertus Adi Soerjono , Bura Bernadus
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengangkat masalah mengenai penggunaan media kado ilmu dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menulis cerpen pada peserta didik. Penelitian ini merupakan salah satu jenis penelitian tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitataif yaitu pengumpulan data berupa data yang ditemukan pada saat melakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan media kadoilmu pada pesertadidik. Teknik yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini yaitu teknik non tes berupa observasi (pengamatan) terhadap peserta didik dan pendidik, dan teknik tes berupa hasil pekerjaan peserta didik yang di lakukan untuk mengetahui presentase ketuntasan hasilbelajar peserta didik. Teknik analisis data yaitu data hasil pekerjaan peserta didik yang dianalisis dengan cara membaca, memeriksa, dan menilai. Sehingga berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media kado ilmu dapat meningkatkan kemampuan peserta didik dalam menuli scerpen, yakni dengan adanya ketuntasan belajar peserta didik pada siklus 1 yang tuntas 8 orang atau 28,57%, yang tidak tuntas 20 orang atau 71,43% sedangkan pada siklus II jumlahpeserta didik yang tuntasmeningkat menjadi 27 orang atau 96,42%, dengan 1 orang atau 4,00% yang menunjukan tidak tuntas.KATA KUNCI: Media Kadoilmu,Cerpen,Pesertadidik. > THE USE OF SCIENTIFIC MEDIA MEDIA IN IMPROVING THE WRITING ABILITY OF STUDENTS IN EDUCATION ABSTRACT: This study aims to raise the issue of the use of science gift media in improving short story writing skills in students. This research is one type of Classroom Action Research (CAR). This research uses descriptive qualitative method that is data collection in the form of data found at the time of conducting research using gift items on students. The techniques used in this study are non-test techniques in the form of observations (observers) of students and educators, and test techniques in the form of student work done to determine the percentage of completeness of student learning outcomes. Data analysis technique is the data of students' work which is analyzed by reading, checking, and assessing. So based on the results of the study it was concluded that learning by using science gift media can improve the ability of students in writing scerpenes, namely by completing the learning of students in cycle 1 which is complete 8 people or 28.57%, which is not completed 20 people or 71, 43% while in the second cycle the number of students who completed completed increased to 27 people or 96.42%, with 1 person or 4.00% who showed incomplete.KEYWORDS: Kadoilmu Media, Short Stories, Islamic Education Participants
Diagnostic model of the city: a chronotopic approach
Authors: Ilivitskaya Larisa Gennad'evna
Published: April 2021

The object of this research is the city viewed as a multilayered semantic phenomenon. The needs of transdisciplinary nature determine the vector of its analysis in light of the possibility of application of diagnostic approach, which incorporates the theoretical and practical aspects, cognitive and transformative sides. The goal consists in the development of diagnostic model of the city as a cultural phenomenon. The position is defended on the limitation of classical diagnostic search applicable to the so-called city. The prospects of its research correlate with the nonclassical interpretation of diagnostics, which views it as methodology of cognition. The basic method of this research is modelling. The development of diagnostic model of the city is founded on M. M. Bakhtin’s concept of chronotope. Namely chronotope is determines as the basic parameter underlying its construct. Incorporating the spatiotemporal parameters of the city and their cultural meanings, it allows recording the temporal-topos configurations in city motion, which reflect various qualitative states of its existence, set by the past, present and future. The author offers a ternary model of the city, consisting of historical-cultural, eventful, and innovative chronotopes. The formulated conclusions indicate that the proposed chronotopes can be viewed separately or following the principle of complementarity, which allows assessing the city from the perspective effective arrangement of urban space, as well as the presence of problematic fields therein.
Hmong ‘Marriage by Capture’ in the United States of America and Ukuthwala in South Africa: Unfolding Discussions
Authors: Mwambene Lea
Published: April 2021

‘Marriage by capture’ among the Hmong people in the United States of America and ukuthwala in South Africa both take the form of the mock abduction of a young woman for the purpose of a customary marriage. The noteworthy point about these two customary marriage practices is that, although Hmong marriage by capture takes place in the context of a minority community in a liberal state, and ukuthwala occurs in a postcolonial state, courts in these jurisdictions convert these marriage practices to the common law offences of rape, assault, and abduction. This article reflects on the accused-centred approach in the case of People v Moua, in which the court invoked the cultural defence, and the victim-centred approach in Jezile v S, which severed cultural values from the rights of the woman. It questions whether the two communities in question, in their respective liberal and postcolonial settings, influence the attitudes of the courts in cases involving rape, assault, and abduction charges. The main argument proffered is that both approaches may encourage communities to continue marriage abduction practices without bringing them to the attention of investigative organs, with adverse human rights implications for the women and girls affected. The ultimate purpose of this conversation, therefore, is to show how the approaches of the courts to the recognition or non-recognition of these customary practices affect the rights of girls and women who encounter institutions of law that alienate people belonging to minority cultural groups, and often perpetuate injustice.
Os documentos do PHPB
Authors: Ilari Rodolfo
Published: April 2021

Neste escrito, relato minha experiência de ler em chave semântica uma amostra dos materiais do Projeto para a História do Português Brasileiro. Essa experiência me convenceu da ingenuidade de pensar que nossa incompreensão na leitura dos textos antigos resulta de uma mudança de sentidos, e também apontou para a necessidade de desconfiar dos meios de análise de que dispomos e de contextualizar de várias maneiras nossas hipóteses de mudança semântica.
A Contribuição da Brinquedoteca para o Desenvolvimento da Criança na Educação Infantil
Authors: Arantes Laiana Carregal , Manhães Larissa Assaf dos Santos , Oliveira Cunha Teresa Claudina
Published: April 2021

O artigo dedicou-se ao tema brinquedoteca e sua importante contribuição no processo de ensino e aprendizagem na fase da educação infantil. O objetivo principal da pesquisa foi o de compreender a relevância do uso da brinquedoteca para o desenvolvimento da criança. A população da pesquisa envolveu 91 (noventa e um) professores que atuam na educação infantil da rede de ensino pública e privada do município de Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza exploratória e descritiva. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se de questionários por meio da plataforma online surveymonkey. A pesquisa apresenta a importância da brinquedoteca, enquanto recurso pedagógico, que favorece e possibilita o melhor e mais prazeroso desenvolvimento da criança. Os resultados revelam benefícios que a brinquedoteca proporciona para o desenvolvimento das habilidades sociais, emocionais e cognitivas da criança.
Pé diabético: ações de prevenção e cuidado por médicos de família e comunidade
Authors: Braga Beatriz Angélica Pereira , Ferreira Pollyana Cristina dos Santos , Campos Maria Teresa de Assis
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Investigar as ações desenvolvidas por médicos de Equipes de Saúde da Família em relação aos pés de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada entre 2018-2019, e em que participaram 12 médicos de família e comunidade de um município de Minas Gerais. Para as entrevistas utilizou-se roteiro semiestruturado, foram audiogravadas e seguiu-se a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Emergiram três categorias temáticas: ações gerais destinadas a indivíduos com DM; ações específicas em relação aos pés dos diabéticos e desafios e dificuldades enfrentadas para o desenvolvimento de ações. Evidenciou-se que os médicos buscam orientar os indivíduos com DM desde cuidados gerais até específicos relacionados aos pés, destacando a avaliação durante o exame físico e ações de educação em saúde. Porém, ressaltam dificuldades associados à execução das ações. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que os médicos de família e comunidade referem atuar com vistas a garantir a integralidade do cuidado. Entretanto, mencionam que a interferência de fatores estruturais, organizacionais e relacionados ao paciente com DM acaba, muitas vezes, por impactar no resultado final do trabalho.
PEMANFAATAN PANAS PADA DINDING KOMPOR GASIFIKASI BIOMASSA UNTUK PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK DC MENGGUNAKAN THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR
Authors: Armansyah Dian Hadi
Published: April 2021

The stove is one technology that plays an important role in the utilization of energy at the household scale. The biomass stove studied was a blower system gasification stove. In the blower system, oxygen entering the combustion chamber flows continuously according to the needs of combustion. In this biomass gasification stove study, researchers will also use the biomass stove wall or thermal energy into kinetic energy for grinding blowers and charging systems. This study aims to obtain fuel by utilizing biomass or organic waste as biomass stove fuel and get the energy driving the blower and charging system by utilizing a thermoelectric generator system. biomass stoves used in this study use the principle method of Top-Lif Up Draft (T-LUD) Gasifier, a type of gasifier that matches the characteristics of biomass that has high volatile matter, where the stove is designed intended for biomass fuel from agricultural waste products and industry, boiling 1 kg of water is done using wood chips by varying the area of ​​the air flow door, which is 50%, 75%, and 100%. Can be analyzed Comparison of the performance of the biomass cooker stove and the power generated by the thermoelectric generator, at each door width of the air flow results are different, this is due to the mass of fuel consumption and fire temperature. After calculating the highest thermal efficiency results obtained in the area of ​​50% air flow ventilation and obtained power generated 1.83 watts with 100% ventilation flow door area using wood chips.
Antrenörlerin Meslek Etiği Davranışlarına İlişkin Antrenör ve Sporcu Görüşleri
Authors: KAYIR Burakcan , OZBEK Oguz
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada antrenörlerin antrenörlük meslek etiği ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada nicel yöntem kullanılmıştır. Araştırma tarama modelindedir. Araştırmanın evreni, antrenörlük belgesine sahip kişiler ile bu branşlarda lisanslı sporculardan oluşmuştur. Örneklem ise, 391 antrenör ve 411 sporcudan oluşmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak Kayır ve Özbek (2019) tarafından geliştirilen Antrenörlerin Meslek Etiği Davranışları Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin çarpıklık ve basıklık değerlerine bakılmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılmadığı görülmüş ve bu nedenle non-parametrik testler kullanılmıştır. İkili gruplar için Mann Whitney U testi, ikiden fazla gruplar için Kruskall-Wallis testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, antrenör ve sporcular, antrenörlerin meslek etiğine uygun davranışlar gösterme konusunda farklı düşünmektedirler. Spor yaşı büyük ve eğitim düzeyi daha yüksek olan sporcular, spor yaşı küçük olan ve eğitim düzeyi daha az sporculara göre, antrenörlerin meslek etiğine daha az uyduklarını belirtmiştir. Kadın antrenörler, erkek antrenörlere göre meslek etiğine daha çok uyduklarını belirtmiştir.
SPECIFICS OF REALIZATION OF THE CATEGORY «THE ABSURD» IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN LITERATURE
Authors: Скаковская Людмила Николаевна
Published: April 2021

Целью обзорной статьи является анализ специфики экспликаций феномена абсурда в современной отечественной литературе. Научная новизна обусловлена экспериментальным характером абсурдистики и сквозным значением феномена абсурда для литературы и культуры в целом и состоит в исследовательском использовании потенциала разноплановой коммуникации внутри многообразия гуманитарных наук (философия, история, психология). Полученные результаты показали целесообразность понимания функционирования абсурда в русской литературе как транзитивного феномена, трактуемого как всякий выход за пределы логики и обратный, «неслышимый», смысл высказывания.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the specifics of the explication of the phenomenon of absurdity in modern Russian literature. The article’s innovative character is accounted for by the experimental nature of absurdism and the overall significance of the phenomenon of the absurd in literature and culture in general, and consists in the possibilities to use the potential of diverse communication within the multiplicity of the Humanities (philosophy, history, psychology). The results obtained showed the expediency of understanding the ways the absurd functions in Russian literature - as a transitive phenomenon, interpreted as any way out of logic, and the reverse, «inaudible» meaning of the utterance.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION (ON THE MATERIALS FROM PROGRAMS OF GERMAN TELEVISION)
Authors: Горобий Алексей Викторович
Published: April 2021

Статья посвящена проблемам межкультурной коммуникации в ее широком понимании, включающем в себя межкультурное взаимодействие на уровне СМИ, в частности, телевидения. Эти проблемы рассматриваются на примере программной политики немецких телеканалов, направленной на поддержание особого национального профиля телевидения Германии.

The article considers the issues of intercultural communication in a wider meaning of this term embracing the intercultural interaction on the level of mass media, inter alia, television. These issues are illustrated by the case of the program policy of the German TV channels aimed at maintaining a special national profile of the German television.
ETHICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF NON-PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISTS
Authors: Смирнов Александр Сергеевич
Published: April 2021

В статье рассматриваются некоторые модели участия аудитории в создании и распространении журналистского контента в контексте необходимости повышения этико-правовой грамотности непрофессиональных авторов. В частности, анализируется модель совместного участия профессиональной и непрофессиональной журналистики в создании информационно-аналитического контента. В качестве примеров такого сотрудничества репрезентируются проекты «Частный корреспондент» и «Лига авторов tj». Подробно рассматриваются требования этико-правового характера, предъявляемые администрацией проектов (профессиональными журналистами) к непрофессиональным создателям контента. В качестве другой модели сотрудничества профессиональной и непрофессиональной журналистики анализируется модель использования СМИ блогосферы как источника информации. Указывается, что данная модель не стимулирует блогеров к профессиональному росту, к внимательному отношению к требованиям законодательной базы и этических кодексов.

The article examines some models of audience participation in the creation and distribution of journalistic content in the context of the need to improve the ethical and legal literacy of non-professional authors. In particular, the model of joint participation of professional and non-professional journalism in the creation of information and analytical content is analyzed. The projects «Private Correspondent» and «TJ League of Authors» are presented as examples of such cooperation. The article discusses in detail the ethical and legal requirements imposed by the project administration (professional journalists) on non-professional content creators. As another model of cooperation between professional and non-professional journalism, the model of using the blogosphere media as a source of information is analyzed. It is indicated that this model does not encourage bloggers to professional growth, to paying attention to the requirements of the legal framework and ethical codes.
THE IMAGE OF CHILDHOOD IN ANCIENT RUSSIAN LITERATURE
Authors: Карандашова Ольга Святославовна
Published: April 2021

В статье рассматриваются особенности изображения детства и образов детей в древнерусской литературе как времени формирования детской литературы, появления её зачатков; выявляется эволюция восприятия ребёнка и детства как особого периода в жизни человека.

The article examines the features of the image of childhood, as well as images of children in ancient Russian literature as the period of the formation of children’s literature as such, the appearance of its first examples; it reveals the evolution in the perception of the child and childhood as a special period in human life.