bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Η τροπονίνη ως δείκτης μετεγχειρητικού εμφράγματος σε ασθενείς μετά από ενδομυελική ήλωση ισχίου
Authors: Τσεμπελή Αναστασία
Published: September 2022

ΣΚΟΠΟΣ/ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ: Να καταγραφεί η διακύμανση των επιπέδων Τροπονίνης Ι και η συχνότητα εμφάνισης οξέως εμφράγματος του μυοκαρδίου, μετά από ενδομυελική ήλωση περιτροχαντήριου κατάγματος ισχίου. Επιπλέον να αναδειχθούν οι προγνωστικοί δείκτες αύξησης της Τροπονίνης Ι μετά από ενδομυελική ήλωση ισχίου για περιτροχαντήριο κάταγμα ισχίου. Έ ΥΛΙΚΟ ΚΑΙ ΜΕΘΟΔΟΣ: Στην προοπτική μελέτη συμμετείχαν 132 ασθενείς (75 γυναίκες, 57 άνδρες, ηλικίας 84.7±4.8) με προδιαθεσικούς παράγοντες για στεφανιαία νόσο, που υπέστησαν περιτροχαντήριο κάταγμα ισχίου και χειρουργήθηκαν με ενδομυελική ήλωση ισχίου. Καταγράφηκαν τα επίπεδα Τροπονίνης Ι μετεγχειρητικά και συσχετίστηκαν με δημογραφικά και με το καρδιολογικό ιστορικό. Παράλληλα καταγράφηκε η συχνότητα εκδήλωσης οξέως εμφράγματος του μυοκαρδίου και έγινε ανάλυση των περιστατικών αυτών. Η στατιστική επεξεργασία των δεδομένων έγινε με το στατιστικό πακέτο STATA 8.0. ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΑ: Εξήντα δύο ασθενείς παρουσίασαν αυξημένα επίπεδα Τροπονίνης Ι μετεγχειρητικά. Από αυτούς μόνο 5 (8.06%) εκδήλωσαν οξύ έμφραγμα του μυοκαρδίου. Όλοι οι ασθενείς που εκδήλωσαν οξύ έμφραγμα του μυοκαρδίου, είχαν επίπεδα μεγαλύτερα από 230 pg/ml την 1η μετεγχειρητική ημέρα. Επιπλέον βρέθηκε στατιστικώς σημαντική συσχέτιση μεταξύ αυξημένων επιπέδων Τροπονίνης Ι και προχωρημένη ηλικία (p=0.02), ASA score>2 (p=0.003), μετάγγιση αίματος > 2 μονάδες (p=0.032), ιστορικό στηθάγχης (p=0.00001), ιστορικό καρδιακής ανεπάρκειας σταδίου ΙΙΙ (p=0.023). ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑ: Η αύξηση των επιπέδων Τροπονίνης Ι μετά από ενδομυελική ήλωση ισχίου είναι συνήθης, ιδίως σε ηλικιωμένα άτομα με ιστορικό στηθάγχης ή καρδιακής ανεπάρκειας. Εντούτοις η αύξηση αυτή πολύ σπάνια υποδηλώνει την εμφάνιση οξέως εμφράγματος του μυοκαρδίου
Οι Φυσικές Επιστήμες στα έντυπα της Αριστεράς στην Ελλάδα του Μεσοπολέμου
Authors: Σκόρδος Δημήτριος
Published: September 2022

Η διατριβή ερευνά κατά πόσο εκφράζεται στην Ελλάδα η εντοπισμένη από τη βιβλιογραφία διεθνής σοσιαλιστική παράδοση όσον αφορά τη θετική στάση απέναντι στις Φυσικές Επιστήμες. Στάση που εκφράζεται τόσο στην επιμορφωτική – «εκλαΐκευτική» διάσταση της δραστηριότητας του σοσιαλιστικού και κομμουνιστικού κινήματος όσο και στην αξιοποίηση τους στην θεμελίωση της μαρξιστικής κοσμοθεώρησης. Ερευνάται κατ’ αρχήν αν οι Φυσικές Επιστήμες αποτελούν αντικείμενο ενασχόλησης του σοσιαλιστικού και κομμουνιστικού Τύπου στην Ελλάδα, σύμφωνα με τη διεθνή παράδοση. Για τον σκοπό αυτό αποδελτιώθηκαν οι εφημερίδες Εργατικός Αγών, Ριζοσπάστης, Πάλη των Τάξεων, Η Νεολαία και τα περιοδικά Κομμουνιστική Επιθεώρηση, Σοσιαλιστική Επιθεώρηση, Νέος Λενινιστής, Σπάρτακος, Δαυλός, Κοινωνική Έρευνα, Φοιτητική Σημαία, Φίλοι της ΕΣΣΔ, Λογοτεχνική Επιθεώρηση, Νέα Επιθεώρηση, Πρωτοπόροι, Νέοι Πρωτοπόροι, Αναγέννηση, Νέος Δρόμος. Από την αποδελτίωση προέκυψαν 524 σχετικά δημοσιεύματα στο σύνολο σχεδόν των εντύπων.Στη συνέχεια ερευνάται η θεματολογία των δημοσιεύσεων μέσω της εμπειρικής κατηγοριοποίησης σε θεματικούς άξονες. Οι άξονες αφορούν τα επιστημονικά αντικείμενα και τα επιστημολογικά ζητήματα που αναδεικνύονται στις δημοσιεύσεις. Διερευνάται επίσης η πατρότητα των δημοσιεύσεων, δηλαδή η αναλογία ανάμεσα σε μεταφρασμένα κείμενα και πρωτότυπα έργα Ελλήνων.Τα βασικά συμπεράσματα κατατείνουν στο ότι α) οι Φυσικές Επιστήμες απασχολούσαν έντονα το σοσιαλιστικό και κομμουνιστικό κίνημα στην Ελλάδα του Μεσοπολέμου, όπως αναδείχθηκε από τις 524 δημοσιεύσεις στο σύνολο σχεδόν των εντύπων, β) η θεματολογία και ο σκοπός των δημοσιεύσεων εμφανίζει διαφορές ανάμεσα στις εφημερίδες και τα περιοδικά, στις μεν πρώτες κυριαρχούν τα άρθρα επιστημονικής εκλαΐκευσης και οι ειδήσεις σχετικές με την ανάπτυξη της Επιστήμης και της Τεχνολογίας, ενώ στα δεύτερα κυριαρχούν τα άρθρα ανάλυσης και βαθύτερης επεξεργασίας συγκεκριμένων θεμάτων, γ) από αυτή τη διαφοροποίηση διαμορφώνονται δύο διαστάσεις της δραστηριότητας και του λόγου του κινήματος, η επιμορφωτική όπως εκφράζεται κυρίως από τις εφημερίδες και η κοσμοθεωρητική κυρίως μέσω των περιοδικών, δ) η στάση των δημοσιεύσεων απέναντι στην Επιστήμη είναι θετική, χωρίς όμως να αντιμετωπίζεται ως μια ουδέτερη κοινωνικά δραστηριότητα, ε) η Θεωρία της Εξέλιξης κατείχε ιδιαίτερη θέση στην αρθρογραφία, στ) η πλειοψηφία των δημοσιεύσεων προέρχεται από Έλληνες, ανάμεσα τους σημαντικές πνευματικές προσωπικότητες της εποχής, ενώ ταυτόχρονα στις μεταφράσεις συγκαταλέγονται σημαντικοί ξένοι επιστήμονες.
Η μουσική εκπαίδευση στην Ελλάδα και η διερεύνηση των επιμορφωτικών αναγκών των εκπαιδευτικών μουσικής
Authors: Κούγκας Νικόλαος
Published: September 2022

Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η αποτύπωση των επιμορφωτικώναναγκών και προσδοκιών των εκπαιδευτικών Μουσικής, ώστε να μπορεί ναοργανωθεί η δια βίου εκπαίδευσή τους στηριγμένη σε ερευνητικά δεδομένα,προκειμένου να επιτευχθεί η επαγγελματική και προσωπική τους ανάπτυξη και η διαμόρφωση ενός σύγχρονου επαγγελματία εκπαιδευτικού Μουσικής. Στο πρώτο μέρος της διατριβής αποσαφηνίζονται έννοιες όπως επιμόρφωση ενηλίκων, επιμόρφωση εκπαιδευτικών και επαγγελματική ανάπτυξη των εκπαιδευτικών, ακολουθεί μία ιστορική αναδρομή στη Μουσική εκπαίδευση στο ελληνικό εκπαιδευτικό σύστημα από την ίδρυση του νεοελληνικού κράτους μέχρι σήμερα, αναλύεται το προφίλ των εκπαιδευτικών Μουσικής που διδάσκουν στο σύγχρονο ελληνικό σχολείο και στις χώρες της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης και το κεφάλαιο ολοκληρώνεται με την επιμόρφωσή τους. Στη συνέχεια, πραγματοποιήθηκε έρευνα στους εκπαιδευτικούς Μουσικής που εργάζονται στην Πρωτοβάθμια και Δευτεροβάθμια εκπαίδευση, Γενικής παιδείας αλλά και σε Μουσικά σχολεία, σε όλη την ελληνική επικράτεια με την χρήση ερωτηματολογίου, όπου διερευνήθηκαν η αξιολόγηση της προηγούμενης εμπειρίας τους σε προγράμματα επιμόρφωσης, οιανάγκες που θεωρούν ότι καλύπτει η Συνεχιζόμενη εκπαίδευση και οι προσωπικές τους ανάγκες και προτιμήσεις για θεματικούς άξονες επιμόρφωσης. Συνολικά συμπληρώθηκαν 484 ερωτηματολόγια.Μετά από την ανάλυση των ερευνητικών αποτελεσμάτων, διαπιστώνουμε ότιοι εκπαιδευτικοί Μουσικής φαίνεται να μην είναι απόλυτα ικανοποιημένοι από τα προσφερόμενα επιμορφωτικά προγράμματα, ενώ ταυτόχρονα επιθυμούν νασυμμετέχουν ενεργά στην οργάνωση και την υλοποίησή τους, δείχνοντας μίαπροτίμηση προς ευέλικτα προγράμματα και ως προς τη θεματολογία αλλά και την χρονική διάρκεια και επιζητώντας την σύνδεση θεωρίας και πράξης.
Μυοκαρδιακή ισχαιμία και νοσηλευτικός φόρτος σε ασθενείς ΜΕΘ μετά μη καρδιοχειρουργικές επεμβάσεις
Authors: Μάνθου Παναγιώτα
Published: September 2022

Εισαγωγή: Οι ασθενείς που πρόκειται να υποβληθούν σε μείζονα μη καρδιοχειρουργική επέμβαση εμφανίζουν συχνά μυοκαρδιακή ισχαιμία (MI) μετεγχειρητικά. Καθώς η θνησιμότητα στη μονάδα εντατικής θεραπείας (ΜΕΘ) είναι μεγάλη, κρίνεται αναγκαία η περιεγχειρητική διαχείριση ενός ασθενούς υπό αντιθρομβωτική αγωγή μέσα από την εκτίμηση του αιμορραγικού και θρομβωτικού κινδύνου προεγχειρητικά.Σκοπός. Να διερευνηθούν οι παράγοντες κινδύνου που συντελούν στην εμφάνιση ΜΙ προεγχειρητικά και μετεγχειρητικά και να υπολογιστεί ο φόρτος εργασίας του νοσηλευτικού προσωπικού στη ΜΕΘ.Υλικό και Μέθοδος. Ασθενείς της ΜΕΘ που υποβλήθηκαν σε μείζονες μη καρδιοχειρουργικές χειρουργικές επεμβάσεις. Προεγχειρητικά εξετάστηκε η ορθή λήψη αντιαιμοπεταλιακής/ αντιπηκτικής, του αιμορραγικού κινδύνου με το HAS-BLED bleeding risk score και του θρομβωτικού κινδύνου με το δείκτη CHA2DS2-VASc score. Μετεγχειρητικά εξετάστηκαν παθολογικές τιμές καρδιακών δεικτών. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε για τη μέτρηση του φόρτου εργασίας η κλίμακα Nursing Activities Score (N.A.S.). Αποτελέσματα. Η μέση ηλικία των ασθενών ήταν τα 69 έτη. Το 31,4% εμφάνισε ΜΙ ενώ ιστορικό στεφανιαίας νόσου είχε το 44,1%.Η μεταβολή της 171CK-MB (p=0,035) και της τροπονίνης (p=0,039) διέφερε σημαντικά μεταξύ των δύο ομάδων. Η ύπαρξη δυσλιπιδαιμίας, η προεγχειρητική τιμή τροπονίνης και το CHA2VASC2 score βρέθηκαν να σχετίζονται ανεξάρτητα με την ύπαρξη ΜΙ. Οι ασθενείς με τροπονίνη μεγαλύτερη ή ίση του 17,2 pg/ml προεγχειρητικά είχαν 4,62 φορές μεγαλύτερη πιθανότητα ΜΙ σε σύγκριση με τους ασθενείς με τροπονίνη μικρότερη του 17,2 pg/ml προεγχειρητικά (p<0,005) Eπίσης, οι ασθενείς με δυσλιπιδαιμία είχαν 3,95 φορές μεγαλύτερη πιθανότητα ΜΙ σε σύγκριση με τους ασθενείς χωρίς δυσλιπιδαιμία. (p=0.026) Υψηλότερο CHA2VASC2 score σχετιζόταν με σημαντικά με την πιθανότητα εμφάνισης ΜΙ (p<0.001).Η διάρκεια νοσηλείας, η μέγιστη δόση αγγειοσυσπαστικών φαρμάκων, ο χρόνος παραμονής στη ΜΕΘ, η διάρκεια μηχανικής υποστήριξης και η θνητότητα ήταν μεγαλύτερη στους ασθενείς με MI. Συμπεράσματα: Η εκτίμηση του καρδιακού κινδύνου, η χρήση των HAS-BLED score και των CHA2DS2-VASc score προεγχειρητικά καθώς και η μέτρηση των καρδιακών ενζύμων όπως η τροπονίνη μπορούν να προβλέψουν τον κίνδυνο εμφάνισης μυοκαρδιακής ισχαιμίας σε μείζονες επεμβάσεις και να αποτελέσουν σημαντικοί προγνωστικοί δείκτες σε ασθενείς που νοσηλεύονται στη ΜΕΘ.Λέξεις κλειδιά: μυοκαρδιακή ισχαιμία, νοσηλευτικός φόρτος εργασίας, ΜΕΘ, μη καρδιοχειρουργικές επεμβάσεις
DRIVER’S TRIP TICKET IN A DIGITAL MODEL OF AN EFFICIENT MOTOR TRANSPORT COMPANY
Authors: Kurganov Valery M. , Dorofeev Aleksey N. , Gryaznov Mikhail V. , Filippova Nadezhda A.
Published: September 2022

Study and assessment of applications of a driver’s trip ticket within the scope of a motor transport company’s digital transformation are of practical interest. One of the functions of a trip ticket is ensuring road traffic safety during transportation, as it document ally confirms that the vehicle is technically sound and the driver has passed a medic al examination. Moreover, the trip ticket also allows monitoring if the driver complies with the work and rest schedule. The trip ticket is a document confirming the reasonableness of the amount spent by the motor transport company.

Study of a digital system for a motor transport company management has demonstrated the errors or fraud of employees during trip tickets processing. A conceptual diagram of the Transportation Management System is presented, which provides the application of route optimization programs, the results of vehicles satellite monitoring, the formation of daily tasks, and the preparation of work reports. This is the basis we propose for improving business processes to increase the efficiency of transport activities.

Purpose: study of the role of trip tickets and their processing by a digital management system in increasing the efficiency of a motor transport company.

Methodology: Process Mining associated with keeping and processing trip tickets.

Results: Collected statistics allows improving business processes of the motor transport company to increase the efficiency of its activities.

Practical implications: Companies with any form of incorporation and in any economic sector operating motor vehicles.
Ramsay Hunt syndrome
Authors: Perszke Michał , Egierska Dominika
Published: September 2022

Ramsay-Hunt syndrome (RHS) is a disease caused by reactivation of varicella-zoster  virus in the geniculate ganglion. It may be one of the common reasons of the facial palsy. Symptoms of the RHS include vesicular rash on the auricle, external auditory canal, soft palate, pharynx, facial nerve paralysis, ear pain, tinnitus, vertigo and hearing loss. There may be other symptoms connected to cranial nerves (CN) V, VIII, IX or X, when they are involved.  Men are more likely to develop lesions than women. Risk of developing Ramsay-Hunt syndrome increases with age. Authors searched Google Scholar and PubMed, using searchterms Ramsay-Hunt syndrome, varicella-zoster virus, VZV, facial palsy. We manually searched the references of selected articles for additional relevant articles. We selected articles relevant to a general medicine readership and prioritised systematic reviews, clinical practice guidelines and cases. The literature contains the latest reports on Ramsay-Hunt syndrome. Clinicians should not ignore patients’ symptoms and always pay attention to possibility of VZV infection and the development of RHS, as treatment should be started within 72 hours after the onset of the symptoms. Main treatment includes antiviral drugs and corticosteroids. The results are promising.
Malignant hyperthermia – state of knowledge
Authors: Perszke Michał , Egierska Dominika , Cieślak Kamil , Berliński Miłosz , Świenc Witold , Tokarczuk Oskar , Walendzik Anna
Published: September 2022

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a relatively rare, but potentially lethal genetic disorder. That disease is characterized by hypermetabolic response of the skeletal muscles caused by exposure to triggering agents e.g. volatile anesthetics or depolarizing neuromuscular blockers.

The object of this article was to review and assess the most recent published works about the epidemiology, etiology, pathomechanism, therapy of the MH and the new advances in all these fields.

Authors scrutinized PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords: malignant hyperthermia, volatile anesthetics, ryanodine receptor mutation. In addition to this, the references of chosen articles were manually scoured for supplementary applicable articles. The literature was selected on the basis of a general medicine readership and prioritized clinical practice guidelines, systematic reviews and case reports.

The references include the latest reports on malignant hyperthermia, apart from works of historical importance.

Available treatment methods consist mainly of pharmacotherapy, symptomatic treatment and monitoring of vital parameters. Dantrolene is a first-choice drug in initial treatment of MH and is considered the only specific antidote.

In spite of the constant advances in the areas of medicine there is still much to be discovered about MH. Further studies are necessary, as the amount of credible evidence is not adequate.
RESIDUAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SHAPED CHARGES INITIATED BY ACTIVE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
Authors: HARTMANN THOMAS , ROTTENKOLBER ERNST
Published: September 2022

An approach for the determination of the residual penetration capability of highly disturbed shaped charge jets at large standoff distances was developed. Thereby, the shaped charge detonation is simulated in a hydrocode and the terminal ballistics are assessed in an analytical code. The algorithm for the export of the jet characteristics from a hydrocode simulation is described and the reconstruction of the jets and fragments in the analytical code is explained in detail. Further, an application example is provided that shows the fundamental necessity of the investigation of the problem at hand and that highlights the effective operation of the presented method.
MESOSCALE MODELING OF BALLISTIC IMPACT ON PLAIN WEAVE COMPOSITE
Authors: MEYER CHRISTOPHER , O’BRIEN DANIEL J. , HAQUE BAZLE Z. (GAMA) , GILLESPIE, JR. JOHN W.
Published: September 2022

The goal of this work is to study energy absorbing mechanisms of plain weave composites. Experiments were conducted of 17-grain fragment simulating projectiles impacting singlelayer plain weave S-2 glass/epoxy composites. The focus of the experiments was on determining the ballistic limit velocity. A mesoscale finite element model was developed that includes woven fabric architecture. The mesoscale model includes tow-tow delamination modeled with the cohesive zone model using traction-separation laws determined from finite element models of cracking in fiber-matrix microstructure. The mesoscale model predicted ballistic limit velocity with 1% error. In contrast, a continuum model with effective plain weave properties predicted limit velocity with 6% error. The mesoscale model includes additional energy dissipation mechanisms such as tow-tow delamination, tow pullout, and frictional sliding, which are investigated. Finally, the single-layer model was extended to multi-layer composite penetration, and the impact versus residual velocities were compared with experimental results from the literature.
BACK FACE SIGNATURE ERROR FOR BODY ARMOR SOLUTION THAT COMBINES HIGH FLEXIBILITY WITH SUPERIOR BALLISTIC PROTECTION—EXPERIMENT DATA VS SIMULATION
Authors: RATROUT R. , AL-TA'AMNEH H , SARDYAH A. AL , ELAYYAN S. , JANAIDEH M. , AFIFI M. AL
Published: September 2022

The continuous enhancement of weapons with the progress of science and technology required the constant development of protective materials and structures. The most widely applied protective materials are currently ceramic composites, which use ceramic as front plates and other materials as the back plate. Personal body armor is one of important equipment designed to protect human beings from various critical injuries. The severity of such injury is determined by velocity, caliber and weight of the projectile. Back face signature is the result of the energy exchange between the impacting projectile and the human body. The current paper aims to critically review back face signature error between experiment data and numerical simulation for body armor plate consisting of hexagonal shaped SiC Pieces of 10mm thickness and Dyneema SB115 of 15mm thickness against 7.62x39mm “API BZ” threat. Main results of this research indicated that back face signature values are similar in both experiment data & numerical simulation with 8% error percentage.
THE BROWNIAN BASED APPROACH APPLIED TO A LIMITED SAMPLE SIZE FOR BALLISTIC RESISTANCE EVALUATION: TWO EXPERIMENTAL DATABASES
Authors: TAHENTI BEYA , COGHE FREDERIK , NASRI RACHID , LAUWENS BEN , PIRLOT MARC
Published: September 2022

The field of penetration mechanics covers studies related to materials behavior under impact loading. Usually, the assessment of the ballistic resistance makes use of the V50, the bullet impact velocity with 50 percent probability of perforation of the tested target. However, the estimation of the entire curve of the perforation probability is frequently solicited. Recently, a stochastic model based on the Brownian motion concept has been proposed for that goal. The bullet motion within the target was represented as a stochastic differential equation using the bullet deceleration and a diffusion coefficient. In this paper, the maximum likelihood inference is developed for the estimation of the model parameters. This inference is applied to the complete database (581 observations) and a sample of 20 observations. In both cases, the perforation probability curve is consistent with the confidence intervals on the experimental estimations. The obtained results show that the likelihood inference extends the application of this approach to experimental samples with limited size. In addition, the proposed inference technic is applied to a second experimental database of ballistic impacts to validate the applicability of the proposed modelling methodology using the likelihood inference to various impact cases.
BLAST PRESSURE MITIGATION USING PERFORATED PLATES
Authors: SANDHU INDERPAL SINGH , MANKOTIA RAHUL , KALA MEENAKSHI BHATT , AGARWAL ARUN , SAROHA D. R.
Published: September 2022

The detonation of an explosive system creates high-pressure blast wave in the adjoining media. The interaction of blast wave can inflict severe injuries to humans and catastrophic damage to structures. Many materials such as foams, soil etc., and techniques e.g. reflecting plates, perforated plates, and metallic grids are studied in literature to mitigate the deadly effects of blast waves. In the present experimental study blast wave generator (a short driver section shock tube) is used for the evaluation of blast pressure mitigation in perforated plates of different blockage ratios and hole configurations. These plates with blockage ratio (BR) from 78.79% to 93.43% were deployed inside the driven section of the blast wave generator at a suitable distance from the diaphragm so that blast wave loading occurs on perforated plates. The strength of transmitted blast wave through different plates is measured in terms of peak over pressure using piezoelectric pressure sensors deployed downstream at 0.2m and 0.48 m distances from the perforated plates. The measured strength of the incident blast wave was found to reduce by about 36% to 65% at 0.2 m and about 37% to 73% at 0.48 m downstream through different blockage ratio plates. It was observed from the recorded data that transmitted pressure decreased with an increase in blockage ratio. In the case of the same blockage ratio, the decrease in pressure for a plate with circular holes was more in comparison to a plate having triangular holes and a central hole.
STUDY ON ENERGY ABSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF ALUMINUM HONEYCOMB/UHMWPE COMPOSITE LAMINATE STRUCTURE AGAINST BALLISTIC IMPACT
Authors: WU YANG , QIN BIN , LU HAITAO , LI JINMING , ZHANG TIANLONG
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the effects of pore density and thickness of honeycomb on the compressive deformation and buffer energy absorption characteristics of aluminum honeycomb/UHMWPE (Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene) composite laminate structure were analyzed by quasi-static compression test and 9mm caliber gun ballistic impact test. According to the test results, the specific energy absorption of the aluminum honeycomb structure reaches 26~34J • cm/g. The maximum deformation depth of gelatin on the back of the aluminum honeycomb/UHMWPE composite laminate structure against ballistic impact decreases by 20% compared with UHMWPE fiber under the same surface density. The increase of the honeycomb thickness can improve the impact resistance of the composite layered structure. The honeycomb pore density and cell wall thickness are proportional to the anti-buffer energy absorption effect and it is inversely proportional to the crack diameter when the bullet impact the honeycomb structure. The aluminum honeycomb/UHMWPE composite laminate structure can absorb the impact kinetic energy of the bullet in a certain extent.
COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PISTOL BULLET PENETRATING GELATIN AND POLYMER SIMULATED MUSCLE TARGET
Authors: MA XUEJIAO , AN SHUO , DONG FANGDONG , ZHANG TIANLONG , YAN WENMIN , XIONG MANMAN
Published: September 2022

Polyurethane elastomer material-simulated muscle target-was synthesized by prepolymer with isocyanate hard segment and polyether polyol with long chain soft segment. The polymer simulated muscle target could be stored and used at normal room temperature. Penetration experiments were carried out on gelatin and muscle simulated material target, used 9mm pistol bullet as killing element. Through the comparative analysis of experimental data: when the pistol bullet penetrates the gelatin and polymer simulated muscle target with soft protection, the change process of the depression was basically the same, the difference of the maximum depression depth was 9.64%. In the unprotected penetration experiment, the penetration depth and cavity diameter produced by 9mm pistol bullet penetrating gelatin were consistent with those of polymer simulated muscle target, the difference of the maximum cavity diameter was 12.9%. This new polymer material— muscle simulation marker had better application value in future research.
STUDY ON THE PENETRATION PROTECTION MECHANISM OF SNIPER PROJECTILE
Authors: MA WEI-ZHE , LU DA-BIN , YAN WEN-MIN , WANG SHU , MAI RUI-MIN
Published: September 2022

In recent years, countries have carried out the development of high precision sniper rifle system work, put forward very high requirements for the system precision, so most of the high precision lead was a sniper rifle cartridge adopted structure. By using specific technology and structure, its wounding effect on protected living target is completely different from that of ordinary rifle cartridge. Therefore, this paper will establish a mechanical model suitable for sniper shells to penetrate living targets under individual protection. This paper studies the mechanism of penetration and theoretical mechanical model. On the one hand, the experiment of NIJ II soft protection gelatin target penetrated by lead sniper bullets was carried out. The experimental data of internal pressure of gelatin were obtained by speed test system, highspeed photography, pressure sensor and other experimental equipment, and the fiber destruction form of NIJ II soft protection, deformation and destruction form of lead warhead, and the response of gelatin target under penetration and obtuse attack were analyzed. On the other hand, a theoretical mechanical model was constructed. Energy conservation law was used to decompose the energy in the whole process of projectile penetration target, including deformation energy of projectile, absorption energy of protection and absorption energy of gelatin target. Then the above three energies were refined, and the stress and fiber constitutive model were introduced. By comparing the experimental data and theoretical calculation value, can verify the mechanics model.
ON DEFORMATION OF TWO KINDS OF PISTOL BULLETS DURING PENETRATING INTO C30 CONCRETE
Authors: WEI WEI , WANG HAOSHENG , YUAN RUI , LI JINMING , DONG FANGDONG , WANG JIANZHONG
Published: September 2022

The bullet deformation can truly reflect the speed and angle of bullet penetrating into the concrete, which are often used as an important basis for the reconstruction of trajectory and the judgment of shooting position in the process of case detection. Two types of pistol bullets which are 9mm Barabrum bullet and 51type 7.62mm bullet penetrating into C30 concrete at different speeds were test. The results show that the deformed bullet diameter increases with the increase in impact velocity, and the deformed bullet length decreases with the impact velocity. The relation model of bullet deformation characteristics and penetration velocity is established. The function Y is established to analyze the deformation characteristics of bullet. The relationship between Y value and impact velocity can be regarded as a piecewide linear function. The piecewide speed is consistent with the critical speed of bullet jacket cracking and breaking. The critical speed of bullet jacket cracking and breaking is about 130 m/s for 9 mm bullet and 230 m/s for 51 type 7.62 mm bullet. Function Y can well reflect the deformation law of bullet penetrating into C30 concrete at different speeds.
Genotype X Environment Interactions of Fodder Barley Genotypes as Estimated by Ammi, Blup and Non Parametric Measures
Authors: Verma Ajay , RPS Verma RPS Verma , J Singh J Singh , Kumar Lokendra , Singh Gyanendra Pratap
Published: September 2022

Field experiments were carried out at six locations in Northern Hill Zone to evaluate twenty three promising fodder barley genotypes in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) during 2020-21 cropping seasons . Using analytic methods Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI), Best Linear Unbiased Predictor (BLUP) along with Non Parametric compared to decipher the GxE interactions under multi environment trials. Highly significant about 67.5% variations accounted by environments, 14.1% of GxE interactions and marginally 3.2% by the genotypes in the total sum square of variations for yield the present study. AMMI1 explained 53.7%, 32.1% by AMMI2, 6.9% for AMMI3, AMMI4 accounted for 4.8% respectivelyof a total variation. ASV and ASV1 measures considered 85.9% of the total variation identified G4, G5, G9 genotypes. MASV1 exploited 97.7% of interactions favoured for G18, G15, G8 genotypes. BLUP-based settled for G6, G11, G5 genotypes. Non parametric measures found G9, G8, G1 as suitable genotypes. Further non parametric composites measures selected G9, G4, G8 as suitable genotypes. Measures Si1, Si2, Si3, Si4, Si5,Si6 ,Si7, HMPRVG, ASV1, ASV, accounted more in first principal component whereas NPi (1), NPi (2), NPi (3), NPi (4), PRVG, Si1, GM, Mean, Average were major contributors in second principal component. Very tight positive relationships observed for IPC3, IPC1with BLUP based measures GM, HM, PRVG, HMPRVG, Average in one quadrant. CV closely related to Stdev, IPC2, IPC4 in opposite quadrant. ASV, ASV1 expressed very tight association with Si6,Si7 whereas NPi(1) , exhibited close affinity with Si1 , Si4, Si2 ,Si5 values. Methods utilized in study showed high to moderate degree of association among themselves, however non parametric measures would be recommended for multi environment trials.
Inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Isolated from Peach Orchards and Vineyards in Aldrighi Peach Rootstock Plants
Authors: Nunes José Luis da Silva
Published: September 2022

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species (AMFs) present intraspecific differences in the ability to stimulate plant growth and depend on genetic and environmental factors involved among the biotic agents. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of the AMFs Glomus clarum and G. etunicatum isolated from peach orchards and vineyard on the vegetative growth, content of nutrients and carbohidrate contents on Aldrighi peach rootstocks plants. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with a split-plot experiment, with 15 plants per plots and four repetitions. The plants inoculated with AMFs had higher responses in height, diameter, leaf area, fresh and dry biomass of shoots and content of reserves, due to the increased absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in excess of non-inoculated plants. Data were submitted to analysis of variance using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) program and the means were compared using Duncan's test at a 5% significance level. Simple correlation analyzes were performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) with maximum values represented by r = 1 and r = -1. All AMF isolates benefited the Aldrighi peach rootstock plants, accelerating vegetative development and increasing macronutrient content. The study showed a correlation between root colonization and the increase in plant development parameters. The symbiosis efficiency was higher with isolates from peach orchards, when compared with isolates from grapevine orchards.
Improvement of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Productivity using Selected Carrier-based Rhizobial Biofertilizers at Dendi District, Central Highlands of Ethiopia.
Authors: Mekonnen Mulugeta , Mnalku Abere
Published: September 2022

This study anticipated assessing the productivity enhancement effect of selected native rhizobial inoculants on chickpea on camber bed settings at Ginchi sub-station; Dendi districts, central highlands of Ethiopia during 2019-21The trials were laid in RCBD by triplications with a plot size of 12m2. The two-year’s average result showed a statistically significant difference among treatments (p ≤ 0.05) in aboveground biomass at the early podding stage and grain yield. The uppermost average grain yields (2286.4 and 2283.8 kg/ ha) were gotten from inoculation of rhizobial inoculants CP-26 and CP-41 during the 2019/20 and 2020/21 cropping seasons, respectively. The partial economic analysis results also showed that CP-26 and CP-41 were superlatively hopeful inoculants that exhibited a high marginal rate of return of 8683% and 8642%, which are 86.3% and 85.9% higher than the marginal rate of return of the local standard check CP-17, respectively. Therefore, inoculants CP-26 and CP-41 can be considered the best candidates for developing promising chickpea inoculants for Dendi heavy clay soil and similar agroclimatic conditions of Ethiopia after having appropriate validation work.
Understanding International Students' Learning Experiences of English as a Medium of Instruction Courses
Authors: Chung Ik-Soon , Choi Hyun-Cheol
Published: September 2022

This study aims to understand international students' learning experiences in English as a medium of instruction (EMI) courses in a private Korean university. By using mixed-method research, this study collected two data sources, including 1) an online survey (n=46) and 2) an individual in-depth interview (n=4) at the end of the 2022 Spring semester. The study results are summarized as follows. First, EMI courses could enhance international students' content knowledge development effectively. Second, EMI courses could improve international students' English proficiency in terms of reading and vocabulary ability. Third, international students showed high satisfaction with EMI courses and are willing to take EMI courses continuously. However, the interview analysis showed that it was challenging for a few international students to improve their English speaking ability due to limited opportunities to speak English during graduate-level courses. These study results suggest several recommendations to provide practical EMI courses for teaching diverse international students, including English language learners in higher education.
Optical asymmetric JTC cryptosystem based on binary phase modulation and image superposition–subtraction operation
Authors: Liu Yijie , Shen Xueju , Zhou Bing , Liu Jie , Cai Jianjun , Liu Xun , Cheng Yue
Published: September 2022

The joint transform correlator (JTC) cryptosystem is a simple and practical optical cryptosystem. But its identical key in both encryption and decryption brings security risks in the key distribution and management. To overcome these drawbacks, we first create a trapdoor one-way function based on image superposition and subtraction operation. Then combined with the one-way binary phase modulation, an optical asymmetric JTC cryptosystem is proposed in this paper. These two kinds of trapdoor one-way functions are not only effective and implementable, but also can greatly enhance the ability of our proposal to resist various attacks. In addition, we select the structured spiral phase mask (SSPM) controlled by its structural parameters as the key mask of the JTC cryptosystem to facilitate the key transmission. When the structural parameters of the SSPM are protected by the RSA algorithm during encryption and decryption, not only the security of the proposed cryptosystem can be enhanced, but also the key distribution and management will be improved. This also makes our proposal conform more closely to the basic agreement of the public key cryptosystem. Simulation analysis and initial experimental results verified the correctness and feasibility of our proposal.
Collisions of creeping solitons
Authors: Latas S. C. , Ferreira M. F. S.
Published: September 2022

In this work, we numerically investigate the collisions of two counter-propagation creeping dissipative solitons with a single period. We found five different classes of outcomes as a result of such collisions: periodic, fixed shape or quasi-fixed shape, interpenetration, plain pulses bound states with two frequencies, and complex behavior. Recently, the temporal and spectral evolution dynamics of creeping solitons have been experimentally observed in a passively mode-locked fiber laser. In this framework, we assume that our predictions eventually can be useful and verified in laser systems.
Improved p-i-n MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells via the interface defect density suppression by PEABr passivation
Authors: Duan Chengyi , Dai Jun
Published: September 2022

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising candidates for next-generation photovoltaics due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and process compatibility. In this report, numerical simulations show the effect of perovskite surface defect density on the inverted MAPbI3 perovskite device. The Phenethylammonium bromide (PEABr) is introduced to passivate the MAPbI3 layer surface of the perovskite solar cell devices, PEA+ diffuses into the grain boundaries of the 3D perovskite to form 2D/3D hybrid structure during the thermal annealing process, thus improve the surface morphology and decrease the interface defects between MAPbI3 layer and PCBM layer. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs increased from 17.95% to 19.24% after PEABr treatment. In addition, the 2D/3D hybrid structure can also hinder the intrusion of water and oxygen, the stability of perovskite devices has been greatly improved.
Synergistically enhanced ultraviolet emission of Yb doped ZnO films by using a capping of ultrathin Al and SiO2 microspheres
Authors: Zhang L. , Heng C. L. , Wang X. , Su W. Y. , Finstad T. G.
Published: September 2022

We studied the enhancement effects of ultraviolet (UV) emission from rare earth ytterbium (Yb) doped ZnO films, by using capping layers of Al and SiO2 micro-spheres. The films were deposited on Si substrates with magnetron sputtering followed by high temperature (∼1000°C) heat treatment, and then capped with a nanoscale ultrathin aluminum (Al) layer and/or SiO2 micro-spheres on the surface of the films. The photoluminescence (PL) results indicate that compared to the case without any capping, the UV emission is enhanced by a factor ranging from several to dozens times, the films capped with 2.0 nm Al layer and 5.0 µm SiO2 microspheres have the longest highest PL intensity among the samples. The PL enhancements are discussed in terms of increased optical (or electrical) fields around the surface of the films combined with defect passivation after the capping. Our work has proposed a strategy to enhance the UV emissions of ZnO, which will broaden the application potential of ZnO in UV photonics.
Three-dimensional dynamic measurement of unstable temperature fields by multi-view single-shot phase-shifting digital holography
Authors: Xia Peng , Ri Shien , Inoue Tomoyoshi , Awatsuji Yasuhiro , Matoba Osamu
Published: September 2022

A multi-view phase measurement system based on single-shot phase-shifting digital holography is proposed to dynamically obtain three-dimensional (3-D) information of an unstable temperature field. The proposed system consists of a laser, three polarization imaging cameras, and the corresponding optical components. The laser beam emitted from the laser is separated by the fibers into three pairs that contain three object beams and three reference beams. The object beams pass through the object in three different directions and interfere with the reference beams at the image sensor plane respectively. The recording of the three cameras is triggered simultaneously, which enables the phase measurement of dynamic objects from different viewpoints. We successfully measured the 3-D distributions of an unstable temperature field in the experiments with the proposed system.
Challenges with pediatric surgical financing and universal health coverage in Guatemala: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Landrum Kelsey R. , Hall Bria J. , Smith Emily R. , Flores Walter , Lou-Meda Randall , Rice Henry E.
Published: September 2022

The financing of surgical care for children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains challenging and may restrict adherence to universal health coverage (UHC) frameworks. Our aims were to describe Guatemala’s national pediatric surgical financing structure, to identify financing challenges, and to develop recommendations to improve the financing of surgical care for children. We conducted a qualitative study of the financing of surgical care for children in Guatemala’s public health system with key informant interviews (n = 20) with experts in the medical, financial, and political health sectors. We used this data to generate recommendations to improve surgical care financing for children. We identified several systemic challenges to the financing of surgical care for children, including passive purchasing structures, complex political contexts, health system fragmentation, widespread use of informal fees for surgical services, and lack of earmarked funding for surgical care. Patient and provider challenges include lack of provider input in non-personnel funding decisions, and patients functioning as both financing agents and beneficiaries in the same financing stream. Key recommendations include reducing health finance system fragmentation through resource pooling, increasing earmarked funding for surgical care with quantifiable outcome measures, engagement with clinical providers in non-personnel budgetary decision-making, and use of innovative financing instruments such as resource pooling. Surgical financing for children in Guatemala requires substantial remodeling to increase access to timely, affordable, and safe surgical care and improve alignment with Guatemala’s UHC scheme.
A spatial-mechanistic model to estimate subnational tuberculosis burden with routinely collected data: An application in Brazilian municipalities
Authors: Chitwood Melanie H. , Alves Layana C. , Bartholomay Patrícia , Couto Rodrigo M. , Sanchez Mauro , Castro Marcia C. , Cohen Ted , Menzies Nicolas A.
Published: September 2022

Reliable subnational estimates of TB incidence would allow national policy makers to focus disease control resources in areas of highest need. We developed an approach for generating small area estimates of TB incidence, and the fraction of individuals missed by routine case detection, based on available notification and mortality data. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by creating municipality-level burden estimates for Brazil. We developed a mathematical model describing the relationship between TB incidence and TB case notifications and deaths, allowing for known biases in each of these data sources. We embedded this model in a regression framework with spatial dependencies between local areas, and fitted the model to municipality-level case notifications and death records for Brazil during 2016–2018. We estimated outcomes for 5568 municipalities. Incidence rate ranged from 8.6 to 57.2 per 100,000 persons/year for 90% of municipalities, compared to 44.8 (95% UI: 43.3, 46.8) per 100,000 persons/year nationally. Incidence was concentrated geographically, with 1% of municipalities accounting for 50% of incident TB. The estimated fraction of incident TB cases receiving diagnosis and treatment ranged from 0.73 to 0.95 across municipalities (compared to 0.86 (0.82, 0.89) nationally), and the rate of untreated TB ranged from 0.8 to 72 cases per 100,000 persons/year (compared to 6.3 (4.8, 8.3) per 100,000 persons/year nationally). Granular disease burden estimates can be generated using routine data. These results reveal substantial subnational differences in disease burden and other metrics useful for designing high-impact TB control strategies.
Engagement of health workers and peer educators from the National Adolescent Health Programme-Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a situational analysis
Authors: Arora Monika , Dringus Stefanie , Bahl Deepika , Rizvi Zoya , Maity Heeya , Lama Smritima , Mason-Jones Amanda J. , Kumar Deepak , Koul Prairna , Bassi Shalini
Published: September 2022

Background

To understand the impact of COVID-19 on implementation of the peer education programme of the National Adolescent Health Programme-Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK); repurposing of the RKSK health workers and Peer Educators (PEs) in COVID-19 response activities and effect on adolescents´ health and development issues.

Methods

Virtual in-depth interviews were conducted with stakeholders (n = 31) (aged 15 to 54 years) engaged in the implementation of the RKSK and peer education programme at state, district, block, and village levels in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra (India). These interviews were thematically coded and analysed to address the research objectives.

Results

Despite most peer education programme activities being stopped, delayed, or disrupted during the pandemic and subsequent lockdown, some communication networks previously established, helped facilitate public health communication regarding COVID-19 and RKSK, between health workers, PEs, and adolescents. There was repurposing of RKSK health workers and PEs’ role towards COVID-19 response-related activities. PEs, with support from health workers, were involved in disseminating COVID-19 information, maintaining migrant and quarantine records, conducting household surveys for recording COVID-19 active cases and providing essential items (grocery, sanitary napkins, etc.) to communities and adolescents.

Conclusion

PEs with support from community health workers are able to play a crucial role in meeting the needs of the communities during a pandemic. There is a need to further engage, involve and build the skills of PEs to support the health system. PEs can be encouraged by granting more visibility and incorporating their role more formally by paying them within the public health system in India.
Living with a left ventricular assist device: Capturing recipients experiences using group concept mapping software
Authors: Slade Anita L. , O’Hara Margaret E. , Quinn David , Marley Laura , Griffith Stephen , Calvert Melanie , Haque M. Sayeed , Lim Hoong Sern , Doherty Philippa , Lane Deirdre A.
Published: September 2022

Background

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation significantly impacts on a recipient’s symptoms and quality of life. Capturing their experiences and post implant journey is an important part of clinical practice, research and device design evolution. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are a useful tool for capturing that experience. However, patient reported outcome measures need to reflect recipients’ experiences. Discussions with a patient partner group found that none of the frequently used cardiology PROMs captured their unique experiences.

Aims

To capture the experiences and important issues for LVAD recipients. Develop a conceptual map of domains and items that should be reflected in patient reported outcomes.

Methods

Group concept mapping (GCM) web-based software was used to remotely capture and structure recipients’ experiences across a wide geographical area. GCM is a semi-quantitative mixed method consisting of 3 stages: item generation, item sorting and rating (importance, relevance and frequency). Patient partners were involved in all aspects of the study design and development.

Results

18 LVAD recipients consented to take part. 101 statements were generated and multi-dimensional scaling, and hierarchical cluster analysis identified 9 clusters. Cluster themes included: Activities, Partner/family support, Travel, Mental wellbeing, Equipment and clothing, Physical and cognitive limitations, LVAD Restrictions, LVAD Challenges and positive impact of the LVAD (LVAD Positives). LVAD Positives were scored highest across all the rating variables, e.g., frequency (2.85), relevance (2.44) and importance (2.21). Other domains rated high for importance included physical and cognitive limitations (2.19), LVAD restrictions (2.11), Partner/family support (2.02), and Equipment and clothing (2.01).

Conclusion

Online GCM software facilitated the inclusion of geographically dispersed recipients and provided useful insights into the experiences of LVAD recipients. The conceptual framework identifies important domains and items that should be prioritised and included in patient reported outcomes in future research, LVAD design evolution, and clinical practice.
Influence of surfactant on the permeability at different positions of a leaching column
Authors: Chun-ming Ai , Ping-ping Sun , Sheng-hua Yin , Xun Chen , Jia-lin Zhong
Published: September 2022

To solve the problems of poor permeability and low leaching rate in ore heap leaching, solid surface physical chemistry, seepage mechanics theory for porous media, CT scanning and SEM were used to carry out column leaching tests with a homemade segmented removable plexiglass column; the variation law for the permeability coefficients of each segment of the leaching column before and after leaching was analyzed. The experimental results showed that there was little difference in the permeability coefficient of ore at different heights before leaching. After leaching, the permeability coefficients were unevenly distributed along the column height, and the lowest value was located at the bottom of the leaching column. The addition of surfactant provided an obvious improvement in the permeability of the leaching column. The permeability coefficient at the bottom of the leaching column was 6% higher than that of the control group. At the same time, the addition of surfactant increased the leaching rate of ore by nearly 10%. A theoretical analysis showed that the surfactant improved the permeability of ore heaps mainly by preventing physical blockage by fine particles and inhibiting deposition of chemical products.