bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting MDSC for Immune-Checkpoint Blockade in Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Progress and New Prospects
Authors: Li Tianhang , Liu Tianyao , Zhu Wenjie , Xie Shangxun , Zhao Zihan , Feng Baofu , Guo Hongqian , Yang Rong
Published: August 2021

Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) demonstrated inspiring effect and great promise in anti-cancer therapy. However, many obstacles, such as drug resistance and difficulty in patient selection, limited the efficacy of ICB therapy and awaited to be overcome. By timely identification and intervention of the key immune-suppressive promotors in the tumor microenvironment (TME), we may better understand the mechanisms of cancer immune-escape and use novel strategies to enhance the therapeutic effect of ICB. Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) is recognized as a major immune suppressor in the TME. In this review, we summarized the roles MDSC played in the cancer context, focusing on its negative biologic functions in ICB therapy, discussed the strategies targeted on MDSC to optimize the diagnosis and therapy process of ICB and improve the efficacy of ICB therapy against malignancies.
Genome-wide development of insertion-deletion (InDel) markers for Cannabis and its uses in genetic structure analysis of Chinese germplasm and sex-linked marker identification
Authors: Pan Gen , Li Zheng , Huang Siqi , Tao Jie , Shi Yaliang , Chen Anguo , Li Jianjun , Tang Huijuan , Chang Li , Deng Yong , Li Defang , Zhao Lining
Published: August 2021

Background

Cannabis sativa L., a dioecious plant derived from China, demonstrates important medicinal properties and economic value worldwide. Cannabis properties have been usually harnessed depending on the sex of the plant. To analyse the genetic structure of Chinese Cannabis and identify sex-linked makers, genome-wide insertion-deletion (InDel) markers were designed and used.

Results

In this study, a genome-wide analysis of insertion-deletion (InDel) polymorphisms was performed based on the recent genome sequences. In total, 47,558 InDels were detected between the two varieties, and the length of InDels ranged from 4 bp to 87 bp. The most common InDels were tetranucleotides, followed by pentanucleotides. Chromosome 5 exhibited the highest number of InDels among the Cannabis chromosomes, while chromosome 10 exhibited the lowest number. Additionally, 31,802 non-redundant InDel markers were designed, and 84 primers evenly distributed in the Cannabis genome were chosen for polymorphism analysis. A total of 38 primers exhibited polymorphisms among three accessions, and of the polymorphism primers, 14 biallelic primers were further used to analyse the genetic structure. A total of 39 fragments were detected, and the PIC value ranged from 0.1209 to 0.6351. According to the InDel markers and the flowering time, the 115 Chinese germplasms were divided into two subgroups, mainly composed of cultivars obtained from the northernmost and southernmost regions, respectively. Additional two markers, “Cs-I1–10” and “Cs-I1–15”, were found to amplify two bands (398 bp and 251 bp; 293 bp and 141 bp) in the male plants, while 389-bp or 293-bp bands were amplified in female plants. Using the two markers, the feminized and dioecious varieties could also be distinguished.

Conclusion

Based on the findings obtained herein, we believe that this study will facilitate the genetic improvement and germplasm conservation of Cannabis in China, and the sex-linked InDel markers will provide accurate sex identification strategies for Cannabis breeding and production.
The study of laccase immobilization optimization and stability improvement on CTAB-KOH modified biochar
Authors: Wang Zhaobo , Ren Dajun , Jiang Shan , Yu Hongyan , Cheng Yaohui , Zhang Shuqin , Zhang Xiaoqing , Chen Wangsheng
Published: August 2021

Background

Although laccase has a good catalytic oxidation ability, free laccase shows a poor stability. Enzyme immobilization is a common method to improve enzyme stability and endow the enzyme with reusability. Adsorption is the simplest and common method. Modified biochar has attracted great attention due to its excellent performance.

Results

In this paper, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-KOH modified biochar (CKMB) was used to immobilize laccase by adsorption method (laccase@CKMB). Based on the results of the single-factor experiments, the optimal loading conditions of laccase@CKMB were studied with the assistance of Design-Expert 12 and response surface methods. The predicted optimal experimental conditions were laccase dosage 1.78 mg/mL, pH 3.1 and 312 K. Under these conditions, the activity recovery of laccase@CKMB was the highest, reaching 61.78%. Then, the CKMB and laccase@CKMB were characterized by TGA, FT-IR, XRD, BET and SEM, and the results showed that laccase could be well immobilized on CKMB, the maximum enzyme loading could reach 57.5 mg/g. Compared to free laccase, the storage and pH stability of laccase@CKMB was improved greatly. The laccase@CKMB retained about 40% of relative activity (4 °C, 30 days) and more than 50% of relative activity at pH 2.0–6.0. In addition, the laccase@CKMB indicated the reusability up to 6 reaction cycles while retaining 45.1% of relative activity. Moreover, the thermal deactivation kinetic studies of laccase@CKMB showed a lower k value (0.00275 min− 1) and higher t1/2values (252.0 min) than the k value (0.00573 min− 1) and t1/2values (121.0 min) of free laccase.

Conclusions

We explored scientific and reasonable immobilization conditions of laccase@CKMB, and the laccase@CKMB possessed relatively better stabilities, which gave the immobilization of laccase on this cheap and easily available carrier material the possibility of industrial applications.
How to improve the quality of care for people on home mechanical ventilation from the perspective of healthcare professionals: a qualitative study
Authors: Klingshirn Hanna , Gerken Laura , Hofmann Katharina , Heuschmann Peter Ulrich , Haas Kirsten , Schutzmeier Martha , Brandstetter Lilly , Ahnert Jutta , Wurmb Thomas , Kippnich Maximilian , Reuschenbach Bernd
Published: August 2021

Background

The rapid increase in the use of home mechanical ventilation (HMV) for people with chronic respiratory failure poses extreme challenges for the healthcare system. People on HMV have complex care needs and require support from an interprofessional team. In Germany, HMV is criticised for inadequate quality standards, particularly in outpatient intensive care practice. The objective of this study was to describe the quality of care for people on outpatient HMV in Germany, Bavaria and provide recommendations for improvement from the perspective of healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Methods

Semi-structured qualitative telephone interviews with HCPs (i.e., nurses, equipment providers, therapists, and physicians) were analysed using the framework method. The quality framework of Health Improvement Scotland (HIS), which aims to improve the quality of person-centred care, was used to build a deductive analysis matrix. The framework includes the three key areas: (1) Outcomes and impact, (2) Service delivery, and (3) Vision and leadership. The domains (meta-codes) and quality indicators (sub-codes) of the quality framework were used for deductive coding.

Results

Overall, 87 HCPs (51 female, mean age of 44.3 years, mean professional experience in HMV of 9.4 years) were interviewed (mean duration of 31 min). There was a complex interaction between the existing health care system (Outcomes and impact, 955 meaning units), the delivery of outpatient intensive care (Service delivery, 939 meaning units), and improvement-focused leadership (Vision and leadership, 70 meaning units) that influenced the quality of care for people on HMV. The main barriers were an acceleration in transition management, a neglect of weaning potential, a shortage of qualified professionals and missing quality criteria. The central recommendations for promoting person-centred care were training and supervision of staff and an inspiring leadership. An integrated care structure supporting medical home visits and outpatient rehabilitation should be developed.

Conclusion

This study describes a heterogeneous and partly deficient care situation for people on HMV, but demonstrates that high quality care is possible if person-centred care is successfully implemented in all areas of service provision. The recommendations of this study could inform the development of a person-centred integrated care structure for people on HMV.
First isolation of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli from geese (Anser anser domestica) and first description of atypical EPEC from turkeys and pigeons in Hungary
Authors: Adorján András , Thuma Ákos , Könyves László , Tóth István
Published: August 2021

Background

Escherichia coli is a bacterial species widely distributed among mammals and avian species, and also a member of the normal intestinal microbiota. However, some E. coli strains of different pathotypes can cause disease in both humans and animals. Atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) can infect both animals and humans or influence the severity of other ongoing infections.

Results

In the present study, a total of 332 samples were collected from ducks, geese, turkeys, chickens, and pigeons from the Hungarian Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, two slaughterhouses, two pigeon keepers and one backyard chicken farm. E. coli was isolated and verified from 319 samples. The isolates were screened by PCR for diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes. Altogether seven atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) strains were identified: two from four-week-old dead turkeys, two from force-fed geese, and three from pigeons. No further pathotypes were identified in the collection. The atypical EPEC strains were classified phylogenetically to B1, B2, and F, and four out of the seven aEPEC isolates proved to be multidrug resistant. Serotypes of aEPEC strains were uniform collected from same farms and showed diversity between their origins with O76, O145, O109 serogroups.

Conclusions

This is the first report in the literature about aEPEC in goose (Anser anser domestica). Furthermore, this is the first isolation of aEPEC from turkeys and pigeons in Hungary. The uneven distribution of aEPEC in different age groups of poultry suggests that aEPEC disappears with growing up, but stress (e.g.: force-feeding) and concurrent diseases might promote its reappearance in the intestine.
Differential DNA methylation and changing cell-type proportions as fibrotic stage progresses in NAFLD
Authors: Johnson Nicholas D. , Wu Xiumei , Still Christopher D. , Chu Xin , Petrick Anthony T. , Gerhard Glenn S. , Conneely Karen N. , DiStefano Johanna K.
Published: August 2021

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by changes in cell composition that occur throughout disease pathogenesis, which includes the development of fibrosis in a subset of patients. DNA methylation (DNAm) is a plausible mechanism underlying these shifts, considering that DNAm profiles differ across tissues and cell types, and DNAm may play a role in cell-type differentiation. Previous work investigating the relationship between DNAm and fibrosis in NAFLD has been limited by sample size and the number of CpG sites interrogated.

Results

Here, we performed an epigenome-wide analysis using Infinium MethylationEPIC array data from 325 individuals with NAFLD, including 119 with severe fibrosis and 206 with no histological evidence of fibrosis. After adjustment for latent confounders, we identified 7 CpG sites whose DNAm associated with fibrosis (p < 5.96 × 10–8). Analysis of RNA-seq data collected from a subset of individuals (N = 56) revealed that gene expression at 288 genes associated with DNAm at one or more of the 7 fibrosis-related CpGs. DNAm-based estimates of cell-type proportions showed that estimated proportions of natural killer cells increased, while epithelial cell proportions decreased with disease stage. Finally, we used an elastic net regression model to assess DNAm as a biomarker of fibrotic stage and found that our model predicted fibrosis with a sensitivity of 0.93 and provided information beyond a model based solely on cell-type proportions.

Conclusion

These findings are consistent with DNAm as a mechanism underpinning or marking fibrosis-related shifts in cell composition and demonstrate the potential of DNAm as a possible biomarker of NAFLD fibrosis.
The Monash Autism-ADHD genetics and neurodevelopment (MAGNET) project design and methodologies: a dimensional approach to understanding neurobiological and genetic aetiology
Authors: Knott Rachael , Johnson Beth P. , Tiego Jeggan , Mellahn Olivia , Finlay Amy , Kallady Kathryn , Kouspos Maria , Mohanakumar Sindhu Vishnu Priya , Hawi Ziarih , Arnatkeviciute Aurina , Chau Tracey , Maron Dalia , Mercieca Emily-Clare , Furley Kirsten , Harris Katrina , Williams Katrina , Ure Alexandra , Fornito Alex , Gray Kylie , Coghill David , Nicholson Ann , Phung Dinh , Loth Eva , Mason Luke , Murphy Declan , Buitelaar Jan , Bellgrove Mark A.
Published: August 2021

Background

ASD and ADHD are prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur and have strong evidence for a degree of shared genetic aetiology. Behavioural and neurocognitive heterogeneity in ASD and ADHD has hampered attempts to map the underlying genetics and neurobiology, predict intervention response, and improve diagnostic accuracy. Moving away from categorical conceptualisations of psychopathology to a dimensional approach is anticipated to facilitate discovery of data-driven clusters and enhance our understanding of the neurobiological and genetic aetiology of these conditions. The Monash Autism-ADHD genetics and neurodevelopment (MAGNET) project is one of the first large-scale, family-based studies to take a truly transdiagnostic approach to ASD and ADHD. Using a comprehensive phenotyping protocol capturing dimensional traits central to ASD and ADHD, the MAGNET project aims to identify data-driven clusters across ADHD-ASD spectra using deep phenotyping of symptoms and behaviours; investigate the degree of familiality for different dimensional ASD-ADHD phenotypes and clusters; and map the neurocognitive, brain imaging, and genetic correlates of these data-driven symptom-based clusters.

Methods

The MAGNET project will recruit 1,200 families with children who are either typically developing, or who display elevated ASD, ADHD, or ASD-ADHD traits, in addition to affected and unaffected biological siblings of probands, and parents. All children will be comprehensively phenotyped for behavioural symptoms, comorbidities, neurocognitive and neuroimaging traits and genetics.

Conclusion

The MAGNET project will be the first large-scale family study to take a transdiagnostic approach to ASD-ADHD, utilising deep phenotyping across behavioural, neurocognitive, brain imaging and genetic measures.
Video person reidentification based on neural ordinary differential equations and graph convolution network
Authors: Zhang Li-qiang , Huang Long-yang , Duan Xiao-li
Published: August 2021

Person reidentification rate has become a challenging research topic in the field of computer vision due to the fact that person appearance is easily affected by lighting, posture and perspective. In order to make full use of the continuity of video data on the time line and the unstructured relationship of features, a video person reidentification algorithm combining the neural ordinary differential equation with the graph convolution network is proposed in this paper. First, a continuous time model is constructed by using the ordinary differential equation (ODE) network so as to capture hidden information between video frames. By simulating the hidden space of the hidden variables with the hidden time series model, the hidden information between frames that may be ignored in the discrete model can be obtained. Then, the features of the generated video frames are given to the graph convolution network to reconstruct them. Finally, weak supervision is used to classify the features. Experiments on PRID2011 datasets show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve person reidentification performance.
Anti-jamming approach based on radar transmitted waveform matching
Authors: Chen Xiaoying , Chen Baixiao
Published: August 2021

This study proposes a novel approach to suppress noise jamming and smart jamming. The traditional method of using auxiliary channels to cancel interference requires pure interference samples to calculate weights, which is almost impossible for pulsed interference signals. In this work, to avoid the difficulty of choosing suitable interference samples, we construct the parameterized expected signal according to the time-delay relation between target reflecting echo and transmitted signal. The objective function is established in the form of the minimum mean square error between the recovered signal and the expected signal. The optimization problem is solved by an alternating iteration method. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves excellent performance for suppressing noise jamming and smart jamming and is not sensitive to signal-to-noise ratio and jamming-to-noise ratio. The processing results of the measured data show that the method has a certain practical application value.
Molecular and culture-based assessment of the microbiome in a zebrafish (Danio rerio) housing system during set-up and equilibration
Authors: Ericsson Aaron C. , Busi Susheel B. , Davis Daniel J. , Nabli Henda , Eckhoff David C. , Dorfmeyer Rebecca A. , Turner Giedre , Oswalt Payton S. , Crim Marcus J. , Bryda Elizabeth C.
Published: August 2021

Background

Zebrafish used in research settings are often housed in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) which rely on the system microbiome, typically enriched in a biofiltration substrate, to remove the harmful ammonia generated by fish via oxidation. Commercial RAS must be allowed to equilibrate following installation, before fish can be introduced. There is little information available regarding the bacterial community structure in commercial zebrafish housing systems, or the time-point at which the system or biofilter reaches a microbiological equilibrium in RAS in general.

Methods

A zebrafish housing system was monitored at multiple different system sites including tank water in six different tanks, pre- and post-particulate filter water, the fluidized bed biofilter substrate, post-carbon filter water, and water leaving the ultra-violet (UV) disinfection unit and entering the tanks. All of these samples were collected in quadruplicate, from prior to population of the system with zebrafish through 18 weeks post-population, and analyzed using both 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and culture using multiple agars and annotation of isolates via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Sequencing data were analyzed using traditional methods, network analyses of longitudinal data, and integration of culture and sequence data.

Results

The water microbiome, dominated by Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus spp., reached a relatively stable richness and composition by approximately three to four weeks post-population, but continued to evolve in composition throughout the study duration. The microbiomes of the fluidized bed biofilter and water leaving the UV disinfection unit were distinct from water at all other sites. Core taxa detected using molecular methods comprised 36 amplicon sequence variants, 15 of which represented Proteobacteria including multiple members of the families Burkholderiaceae and Sphingomonadaceae. Culture-based screening yielded 36 distinct isolates, and showed moderate agreement with sequencing data.

Conclusions

The microbiome of commercial RAS used for research zebrafish reaches a relatively stable state by four weeks post-population and would be expected to be suitable for experimental use following that time-point.
The hidden crisis: COVID-19 and impact on mental health of medical students in Pakistan
Authors: Imran Nazish , Haider Imran Ijaz , Mustafa Ali Burhan , Aamer Irum , Kamal Zahid , Rasool Ghulam , Azeem Muhammad Waqar , Javed Afzal
Published: August 2021

Background

Medical students have faced an enormous disruption to their lives due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on medical student’s psychological well-being in Pakistan. Following ethical approval, an online survey developed in collaboration with World Psychiatric Association (WPA) was distributed among medical students of 5 Medical colleges in the Punjab province of Pakistan between August and September 2020. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and Risk Assessment Suicidality Scale (RASS) were used to assess psychological well-being. Data was analyzed using SPSS 26.0.

Results

Eleven hundred medical students responded, 756 (69%) being females. More than 2/3rd admitted that their emotional state got worse in relation to appearance of anxiety, insecurity, and sadness, compared to before the outbreak of COVID-19. Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms were 48.6% and 48.1%, respectively. Female medical students, pre-clinical students, and those with a previous psychiatric history reported experiencing more anxiety and depression symptoms (P value < 0.001). One in five medical students thought that it would be better if they were dead, and 8% admitted to often think of committing suicide during the past 2 weeks. RASS and subscales (intention, life, and history) scores were higher in females and students with previous psychiatric problems.

Conclusion

Our findings underscore that the impact of COVID-19 on medical students has been significant; hence, it is crucial for medical colleges to employ strategies to maintain the student’s well-being with safeguards like reassurance, support, and confidential student-centered psychiatric services. The use of virtual platforms (websites, email) to educate and screen students by staff members can create a positive impact. The limitations of this study include cross-sectional design, the possibility of selective participation being web-based survey, response bias, and the possibility of reluctance of students to report mental health problems due to stigma.
Financial Impact of an Automated Oncology Dose-Rounding Initiative: One-Year Analysis
Authors: Dela-Pena Jacqueline C. , Eschenburg Katie A. , LaRocca Vincent W. , Patel Dipale , Hough Shannon M.
Published: August 2021

PURPOSE

Infusion drugs are regarded as one of the high-cost health care expenditures. One approach to decrease drug expenditures is by dose-rounding biologics and cytotoxic agents. The Hematology/Oncology Pharmacy Association recommends that biologic and cytotoxic agents are rounded to the nearest vial size if they are within 10% of the ordered dose. The purpose of this initiative is to determine the impact of an automated dose-rounding algorithm on drug expenses.

METHODS

The dose-rounding algorithm was developed and integrated into the computerized physician order entry system for automated dose rounding to minimize impact on current workflow and to reduce medication errors. Twenty-four medications were preselected for dose rounding and included in the analysis. Ordered doses were automatically rounded to the nearest vial size if the dose was within 10% of the original dose. Prescribers then either reviewed and signed the rounded dose or manually entered the nonrounded dose. Cost savings were calculated as drug expense savings from doses rounded down.

RESULTS

From July 2018 to June 2019, 10,206 doses of the selected medications were administered. Dose rounding occurred in 5,069 doses (49.7%). All 24 medications within the initiative were administered within the time of analysis. Of the rounded doses administered, 2,516 (49.6%) were rounded down to a commercially available vial size. Using wholesale acquisition cost pricing, the drug expense savings was approximately $3.6 million US dollars (USD). The medications with the highest savings were trastuzumab and ipilimumab, with annual savings of $756,780 USD and $494,517 USD, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The automated dose-rounding algorithm at Michigan Medicine reduced drug expenditures substantially, and its integration within the computerized physician order entry system had minimal impact on current workflow.
Untersuchungen an der Umfassungsmauer des Hattstätterhofes im Kleinbasel (Lindenberg 12, 1988/40)
Authors: Jaggi Bernard
Published: August 2021

Der Hattstätterhof ist ein herrschaftliches Gebäude aus dem 16. Jahrhundert, das wie ein kleines Schloss mit einer eigenen zinnenbekrönten Umfassungsmauer am Südende der rheinseitigen Kleinbasler Stadtmauer liegt. Diese Mauer sowie das daran angebaute neuzeitliche Nebengebäude des Hattstätterhofes, die sogenannte «Mausefalle», wurden zwischen 1986 und 1989 umgebaut und renoviert.
Tätigkeitsbericht des Kantonsarchäologen für das Jahr 1988
Authors: D'Aujourd'hui Rolf
Published: August 2021

Der erste Teil des Jahresberichts umfasst den Tätigkeitsbericht des Kantonsarchäologen, der die im Berichtsjahr erfolgten Aktivitäten des Amtes vorstellt und kommentiert, sowie eine Fundchronik mit einem Kurzbeschrieb sämtlicher im Laufe eines Jahres registrierter Fundstellen.
Ausgrabungen in der Alten Stadtgärtnerei, Elsässerstrasse 2a (St. Johanns-Park)
Authors: Aebi Thomas , D'Aujourd'hui Rolf , Etter Hansueli F.
Published: August 2021

Die erste Etappe des «Grünparks St. Johann», die 1988/89 auf dem Areal der Alten Stadtgärtnerei realisiert wurde, führte zu Bodenabsenkungen im Bereich des ehemaligen Spitalfriedhofs St. Johann. Dabei mussten rund 1000 Gräber des neuzeitlichen Friedhofs unter schwierigen Bedingungen in nur fünf Monaten freigelegt, untersucht und geborgen werden.

Einen Spitalfriedhof aus dem 19. Jahrhundert archäologisch und anthropologisch zu untersuchen ist für Europa bislang einmalig. Es bot sich uns hier die Gelegenheit, die knöchernen Reste von Menschen aus der Frühzeit der Industrialisierung zu bearbeiten, über die wir aus dem Spitalarchiv von damals noch individuelle und medizinische Daten zu finden hofften. Dazu kam der wichtige Umstand, dass die Belegungszeit nur etwa eine Generation betrug, wodurch eine anthropologische Momentaufnahme möglich werden sollte.

In der östlichen Hälfte der Grabungsfläche kamen unter dem Skeletthorizont die Fundamente zweier Steinbauten zum Vorschein. Der Abbruchschutt eines der Gebäude enthielt zahlreiche Funde aus dem 13. Jahrhundert.
Steinengraben 22/Leonhardsstrasse 22/24: Zum Neufund der spätmittelalterlichen Kontermauer
Authors: Matt Christoph Ph.
Published: August 2021

An der Ecke Steinengraben 20/Leonhardsstrasse 22/24 stiess man auf die auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Stadtgrabens errichtete Gegenmauer oder  Kontereskarpe zur Äusseren Stadtmauer, die bis in rund 7 m Tiefe reichte und unverputzt war. Die auf einer Länge von mehr als 40 m über eine Höhe von 2 bis 4,3 m freigelegte Rückseite der Mauer wurde untersucht und dokumentiert.
Spalenberg 12: Mittelalterliche Parzellen- und Terrassierungsmauern beim Spalenhof
Authors: Matt Christoph Ph.
Published: August 2021

Keines der am Spalenberg 12 aufgefundenen Mauerfragmente kann zwingend als Hausmauer interpretiert werden, es dürfte sich um Terrassierungsmauern oder Areal- und Parzellenmauern handeln. Obwohl nicht alle gleich alt sind, können sie aufgrund der Funde aus den sie umgebenden Schichten, aufgrund der Baugeschichte des Spalenhofes sowie der Mauertechnik ins Spätmittelalter datiert werden. Ihr unterschiedliches Alter gibt Hinweise auf die Ausdehnung des Parzellensystems im Winkel zwischen Spalenberg und Nadelberg. Dies ist von Bedeutung, weil hier am Talhang die verschiedenen Parzellierungssysteme des Spalenbergs, des Nadelbergs und des lmbergässleins zusammenstossen.
Rheingasse 86/0berer Rheinweg 81 (1989/4): Aufschlüsse zur Baugeschichte eines Kleinbasler Hauses
Authors: Matt Christoph Ph.
Published: August 2021

Seit jeher lag die Parzelle zwar am Stadtrand bzw. am Rheinufer, doch während sie bis zum Abbruch der rheinseitigen Kleinbasler Stadtmauer im Jahre 1863 nur von der Landseite her erschlossen war, war sie danach von zwei Gassen her zugänglich.

Im Innern des Hinterhauses konnte bei den Maueruntersuchungen mit grosser Wahrscheinlichkeit die mittelalterliche Stadtmauer nachgewiesen werden. Zudem werden im Bericht die bei den Untersuchungen registrierten Befunde vorgestellt, soweit sie für die Baugeschichte aus der Zeit vor dem Neubau dieser Liegenschaft (1824/25) von Belang sind.
Gerbergässlein 2 (1989/6): Zur Baugeschichte der Häuser «zum Schwarzen Turm» und «zum Grünen Stern» sowie Reste einer Gerberei aus dem 18./19. Jh.
Authors: Matt Christoph Ph.
Published: August 2021

Anlässlich einer Totalrenovierung der verschiedenen Gebäudeteile 1989/1990 konnten baugeschichtliche und archäologische Untersuchungen in der Liegenschaft vorgenommen werden. Aufgrund der komplizierten Aufteilung dieser Liegenschaft war schon zu Beginn der Untersuchungen mit einer komplexen Baugeschichte zu rechnen.

Insbesondere konnte der aufgrund des Hausnamens zum Schwarzen Turm und der erstaunlich dicken Hinterhausmauern hier vermuteten Turm nachgewiesen werden. Zudem wurden Erkenntnisse zur Baugeschichte der mittelalterlichen Vorderhäuser sowie zum schon seit dem späten Mittelalter überlieferten Gerbereihandwerk gewonnen. Die freigelegten Gerberbottiche konnten ins  18./19. Jahrundert datiert werden.
Die mittelalterliche Keramik der Grabung lmbergässlein 11-15
Authors: Zimmermann Bernd
Published: August 2021

Mit Vorlage dieses Aufsatzes soll anhand der Präsentation des Fundmaterials zweier Stratigraphien des lmbergässleins 11-15 versucht werden, die Basler Typologie über die keramische Hinterlassenschaft aus dem 12. und 13. Jahrhundert um einen weiteren Mosaikstein zu bereichern.
Die Untersuchungen im Stadtmauerturm, Petersgraben 43
Authors: Jaggi Bernard
Published: August 2021

Geht man davon aus, dass die erste Ausstattung des Türmchens mit Wandmalereien, die in die Zeit von 1300 bis spätestens 1350 datieren dürften, aus der Bauzeit des Turmes stammt, so ist die Frage nach dessen Funktion eigentlich beantwortet. Es kann sich bei diesem Bauwerk nicht um einen «echten» Stadtmauerturm handeln, sondern es muss als wehrhaft erscheinendes Gartenhaus des Zerkindenhofs betrachtet werden. Es gibt keine Anhaltspunkte dafür, dass es sich bereits um eine Umbauversion handelt.

Der Befund legt die Vermutung nahe, dass in der Zeit kurz nach 1300 der Turm als geschlossenes Gehäuse (mit unbekannter Überdachung) an die Innere Stadtmauer (von ca. 1250) angebaut wurde . Der Turm schloss über die gesamte Höhe an die Stadtmauer an, d.h. die erhaltene Turmhöhe gibt auch einen Hinweis auf die Mindesthöhe der Inneren Stadtmauer.
Baugeschichtliche Untersuchung im Haus «zum untern Schwert» sowie Fund einer eingemauerten Keramikflasche an der Webergasse 26
Authors: Reicke Daniel , Tramèr Stefan
Published: August 2021

Die untersuchte Liegenschaft Webergasse 26 steht auf einer von 13 einst nebeneinander aufgereihten Riemenparzellen an der oberen Webergasse im Kleinbasel. Sie besteht aus einem schlicht gehaltenen Vorderhaus und einem kleinen Hinterhaus. Diese Art von Anwesen gehörte in der Regel zu kleinen, mittelständischen Gewerbebetrieben.
Falknerstrasse 7 / Freie Strasse 32, 1990/14: Mittelalterliche Areal- und Gebäudemauern
Authors: Matt Christoph Ph. , Bing Christian
Published: August 2021

Die Parzelle Nr. 32, auf der die heutige Liegenschaft steht, bestand bis zum Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts aus zwei schmalen langgezogenen Parzellen, die von der Freien Strasse bis zum damals noch offenen Birsig reichten.

Die im neu angelegten Keller aufgefundenen Mauern sind als letzte Zeugen einer Hinterhofüberbauung zu betrachten, die im Laufe des späten Mittelalters entstanden und im frühen 17. Jahrhundert, zur Zeit der Zeichnung der Merianschen Vogelschaupläne, bereits wieder abgerissen waren.
Murus Gallicus: Vorbericht zu den Grabungen 1990 bis 1992
Authors: Deschler-Erb Eckhard , Richner Kaspar
Published: August 2021

Die spätkeltische Befestigung auf dem Basler Münsterhügel, der sogenannte Murus Gallicus, wurde 1971 beim Neubau der Turnhalle an der Rittergasse entdeckt. 1976 und 1979 fanden weitere Grabungen im Bereich des Murus Gallicus statt. Nach einer mehr als zehnjährigen Pause konnten 1990 die Untersuchungen am keltischen Wall wieder aufgenommen werden, als im Zuge der Renovation der Gerichtsliegenschaften an der Bäumleingasse im Hinterhof von Bäumleingasse Nr. 3-5 eine Garage in den Hang hinein gebaut wurde.

Im Jubiläumsjahr der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft 1991 erhielt der Kantonsarchäologe den Auftrag, eine historische Ausstellung im öffentlichen Raum zu realisieren. Als Thema dieser Ausstellung wurde die keltische Befestigung auf dem Münsterhügel gewählt. 1991 fanden gezielte Sondierungen im Hof des ehemaligen Rittergasse-Schulhauses statt, um einerseits Wallstücke zu lokalisieren, die sich für eine Konservierung eignen würden, und andererseits verschiedene wissenschaftliche Fragen zu klären, die sich beim Vergleich der Ergebnisse der Grabung von 1990 mit den Interpretationen früherer Grabungen ergeben hatten. 1992 wurde mit dem Bau von drei Schutzbauten - Kellern mit Glasdächern - begonnen, in denen Teile des keltischen Walles für das Publikum sichtbar gemacht und erläutert werden.

Nebst dem Murus Gallicus konnten der zugehörige Graben, keltische Siedlungsspuren vor dem Wall, römische Siedlungs- und Schuttschichten, ein frühmittelalterlicher Friedhof, mittelalterliche Aufschüttungen, Fundamente der heute abgebrochenen spätmittelalterlichen/frühneuzeitlichen Überbauung und zugehörige Gartenniveaus beobachtet werden.
Riehen, Wenkenköpfli (Reservoir), 1992/11
Authors: Leuzinger Urs
Published: August 2021

Auf dem Wenkenköpfli wurde östlich des Reservoirs eine kleine neolithische Freilandstation entdeckt. Die geschützte Lage der bewaldeten Anhöhe und die nahen Quellen haben sich wohl ausgezeichnet für eine Besiedlung geeignet.

Bis jetzt fanden sich an der Oberfläche 16 Steinartefakte sowie zwei prähistorische Keramikfragmente. Insgesamt fünf Silices sind sekundär modifiziert worden.
Gemsberg 2/4, Restaurant Löwenzorn, 1992/33
Authors: Matt Christoph Ph. , Bing Christian , Moor Beatrice
Published: August 2021

Eine vor dem Umbau im Restaurant Löwenzorn durchgeführte Sondierung erbrachte in einem Sondierschnitt interessante mittelalterliche Funde und Befunde.

Als besonderer Fund ist eine Meermuschel zu werten, wie sie in mittelalterlichem Fundzusammenhang nur höchst selten anzutreffen ist: ein sog . Tritonshorn, eine ca. faustgrosse weisse Muschel, deren Ende abgeschnitten ist. Ganz offensichtlich handelt es sich um eine Art Lockinstrument für die Jagd.
About Estimation Spare under Their Confession in Accounting Commercial Organization
Authors: Polenova S.
Published: August 2021

Rules of the estimation separate type spare are analyzed in article in accordance with FSBU 5/2019 «Spares» with theoretical and practical position, is motivated possibility of their using in Russian practical person.
Compliance with the Principle of Independence at the Final Stage of the Audit
Authors: Dvoretskaya V.
Published: August 2021

Th e article is devoted to the issue of compliance with the principle of independence by auditors and audit organizations. Th e author’s task was to assess the extent to which the requirements for identifying, assessing and developing responses to the threat of loss of independence at the fi nal stage of the audit are being met.
Decentralization of the Monetary System As a Way to Move away from the Reserve Currency of the US Dollar
Authors: Soltakhanov A. , Sizova D. , Sizova T.
Published: August 2021

The article presents the main directions of the plan for the de-dollarization of the Russian economy, identifies strategic partners in its implementation. A comparative analysis of the centralized and decentralized payment system is carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of the decentralization of the monetary system are emphasized, the trends of its development in Russia are determined. The perspectives of decentralization of the monetary system as a way of abandoning the reserve currency - the US dollar - are analyzed. Proposals are formulated for the further development of the decentralization of the monetary system in Russia.
A Transdisciplinary and Cross-Cultural Introduction to the Issue of Human Rights in a “Glocal” World
Authors: Bouchet Dominique
Published: August 2021

The purpose of my contribution is to provide a general overview of the issue at stake when today over the world people debate human rights. In order to do so I will rely on and both differentiate and associate philosophical, anthropological, ethnological, historical, sociological, political, and psychological approaches. Let me stress that this is not at all to contribute to a muddled understanding of the issue of human rights that necessarily has to be perceived differently depending on the field of research. On the contrary, it is in fact to articulate that the issue of human rights can only be understood from a transdisciplinary perspective; and that cross-cultural communication is required to approach the question of ‘values’ and ‘rights’ in our globalized world.
Human Rights as an Element of Mutual Recognition and Equality of Opportunity
Authors: Wojciechowski Bartosz
Published: August 2021

The fact of multiculturalism or pluralism plays a significant role in forming the law as well as in the functioning of various state institutions, hence human rights take a lead in the protection of the rights of minorities or discriminated groups. Considering these problems in my article, I formulate the thesis that arguments for the justification of human rights should be sought in the principle of mutual recognition, which is an expression of a cross-cultural consensus, an individualistic conception of a person, and equal opportunities as universal premises for these rights. Such assumptions expressed in human rights – whether justified or even framed in an innovative way – are the main force shaping a cosmopolitan civil society.
Reflections on COVID-19 from a Christian Perspective of Justice and Peace
Authors: Giovanelli Flaminia
Published: August 2021

The COVID 19 pandemic has provoked many reflections. Here we present some of them formulated from a Christian perspective of justice and peace, that is, from the point of view of a Christian committed to building a world of justice and peace following the Social Teaching of the Church. The first group of reflections has to do with being a Christian per se, and therefore the virtues that used to be neglected and those that are currently exercised in the time of pandemic are taken into consideration: hope, humility, prudence, fortitude. The second group of reflections deals directly with the issues of justice and peace. During the pandemic, these issues manifested as closely related: “everything is related, everything is connected.” After a consideration of an existential nature on justice, follow others: on the principles of solidarity, subsidiarity, health as a global public good and on the crucial issues of work and respect for creation. Finally, the Christian proposal is indicated, which is that of the “culture of care” proposed in terms of integral ecology.
Human Rights in Hong Kong – International Context
Authors: Gruszko Katarzyna
Published: August 2021

Human rights in international relations are defined by the boundaries between individual states and regions, as well as the most important theories of international relations. The assumption of their universal character often finds no reflection in the foreign policy of states, especially the strongest ones. The most important players and theories do not question the existence of human rights as such, however, their role and place in international relations are interpreted differently. Human rights in Hong Kong, the meeting place of the West and Confucianism in the context of globalization, may become the litmus test of the intentions of the world powers and their vision of a World Order in regard to human rights.
Gravity Models of China's Bamboo and Rattan Products Exports: Applications to Trade Potential Analysis
Authors: Huang Li , Chen Ke , Zhou Mi , Nuse Brendan
Published: August 2021

Using export panel data for China and 24 bamboo and rattan trading partners from 2007 to 2017, this study simulates the export trade of Chinese bamboo and rattan products using a gravity model. Our results showed that economic size has a significant positive impact on the bilateral trade of bamboo and rattan products, while absolute distance between two major economic centers and population size have a significant negative impact. Furthermore, relevant Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) trade arrangements have an impact on bamboo and rattan product trade flows from China. Meanwhile, trade of bamboo and rattan between China and APEC countries such as South Korea, Canada, Russia, and Thailand shows much room for growth.
Web Service Platforms, Social Networks, and Firms' Innovation Capability: Mediating Effects Model Based on Web Service Platform Synergies
Authors: Li Xiao , Li Ying , Zheng Weibo
Published: August 2021

With the rise of new retail concepts, commodity trading has evolved from the traditional supply-to-consumer linear single-track relationship into a brand-new Internet platform-based S2b2c social networking system.1 Despite this, over 90 percent of wood product enterprises have an extremely limited understanding and application of this new kind of web service platform-based marketing systems. To reveal the impact of web service platforms on the growth of wood product enterprises, this study proposes an analytical framework that integrates the web service platform synergy, the social network synergy, and the corporate innovation capability. Using this framework, the effects of social network and web service platform synergies on the corporate innovation capability are analyzed, with a particular focus on exploring the mediating role of web service platform synergy between the social network synergy and the corporate innovation capability. Based on the questionnaire survey data of 489 large, medium, and small-wood product enterprises in the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta regions, the following empirical results are derived through a combination of stepwise regression and Sobel test: (1) Web service platform synergy has a significant positive impact on the corporate innovation capability; (2) Social network synergy has a significant positive impact on the corporate innovation capability; (3) Social network synergy has a significant positive impact on the establishment of web service platforms; and (4) Web service platform synergy has a partial intermediary relationship between social network synergy and innovation capability, accounting for 34.05 percent of the total effect. The results of this study indicate that like social networks, web service platforms are the strategic resources of enterprises. In the context of open innovation, it is essential for the wood product enterprises to deeply integrate with the social networks and web service platforms, which helps enhance their innovation capability.
Local Tales of Sufism in Quebec: Secular Politics of Moderation and the Production of Charismatic Muslims
Authors: Mercier-Dalphond Geneviève
Published: August 2021

Through exploring the representations and political participation of the Naqshbandi-Haqqani Sufi order of Montreal, this article analyses the relationship between Sufism, secularity, and political authority in Quebec in ongoing debates around religious “moderation” and State neutrality laws post-9/11. I offer an in-depth but necessarily bounded ethnographic account of this Sufi group in an attempt to expose a process of localisation and instrumentalisation of a particular Muslim identity in Quebec reflecting local pressures of religious reformation. I will argue that the charisma attached to the Naqshbandi-Haqqani Sufi order, as articulated by politicians as well as non-Muslim Montrealers, is one that has emerged most particularly in the past 15 years and is embodied in the current local leader of the community, Shaykh Omar Koné. Yet, this charisma operates within centuries-old Orientalist discourses about Sufism and Islam, and most notably is validated in Quebec through recent secular politics of “moderation” and State neutrality bills as heritage of the 1960 Quiet Revolution. Writing as a French-Canadian, in this article, I will offer an insight into the construction of a Sufi consciousness in Quebec, a tale that I trace through multiple accounts, though primarily through my interactions at the Montreal Naqshbandi-Haqqani Sufi Centre and with their imam, Shaykh Omar Koné from 2014 to 2017.
Turbans, Veils, and Villainy on Television: Stargate SG1 and Merlin
Authors: Bullock Katherine
Published: August 2021

In this article I investigate why two shows from different television genres in two different countries resort to nearly identical costume choices to convey villainy. I argue that that the directors, writers, and costume designers for the US science fiction showStargate SG1and BBC'sMerlinuse orientalist tropes of the veil as exotic, oppressed or threatening as costumes for their non-Muslim characters because of the centuries-long association in Western culture between Muslim veiling and the Other, while differentiating between acceptable and unacceptable headgear and face coverings. I draw on Said's Orientalism, Hall's Encoding/Decoding, medievalism, and the theory of the ethnonormative viewer to make this case. The “veil” has become an iconic negative sign in the West wholly distinct from meanings given to it by veiled Muslim women themselves. I suggest that anti-veiling ideology in Western publics stems in part from negative connotations given to it in television shows likeStargate SG1andMerlin.
Caliphate as Transnational Metaphor: A Decolonial Analysis of Caliphate Struggles
Authors: Kattiparambil Sheheen
Published: August 2021

Framed in a Critical Muslim Studies approach, this essay will present a decolonial reconceptualisation of the concept of the Caliphate by analysing the narratives on the Khilafat movement and the Mappila rebellion (1921-1922) in India and presenting them as decolonial disruptive movements. Traditional formulations of the Caliphate privilege a view from the centre (Arab world) and contemporary discussions focus on the ontic manifestations such as structure and the requirements for the office of the Caliph rather than the what the Caliphate means. By looking at contemporary framings of the caliphate mobilisations and its methodological shortcomings, this essay will theorise how the leaders of the Khilafat movement, Mappilaulemaand leaders conceptualised the Caliphate based on an ontological understanding and their mobilisation of its range of possible meanings. The essay will also look at the appropriation of such meanings by Marxist ideologues and historians to lend legitimacy to the Marxist trajectory of violence and martyrdom, and the subsequent erasure of Muslim political subjectivity from these narratives by framing it using a class analytic. This essay will present a reading of the Caliphate mobilisations as way of decolonising the Islamicate past for ‘clearing the ground’ for dreaming a future.
Urban gig workers in Indonesia during COVID-19: The experience of online ‘ojek’ drivers
Authors: Rachmawati Riani , Safitri  , Zakia Luthfianti , Lupita Ayu , De Ruyter Alex
Published: August 2021

This paper uses case study evidence to examine how COVID-19 has impacted on the working conditions of urban gig workers (online ‘ojek’ riders). Initial findings suggest that the platform companies use the term ‘partner’ to commandeer low-cost labour and thereby avoid the obligations required of a contract of employment, and that this vulnerability has become more evident in COVID-19 pandemic conditions. The findings suggest that the platform companies should pay more attention to worker feedback to create a better working environment, as decent work will better be achieved with responsible corporate governance, good management, and strong worker-management relationships.