bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La accesibilidad en el cine de animación infantil y juvenil
Authors: Cuéllar Lázaro Carmen
Published: October 2024

This study deals with animated films aimed at children and youth with a dual objective: first, from an
intralinguistic point of view, to understand the use of subtitling to make Spanish produced animated films accessible to
Spanish audiences with impaired hearing; second, from a interlinguistic perspective, to understand the linguistic and
translatological challenges of transferring this audiovisual product to German-speaking viewers. A review of the parameters
governing subtitling for the deaf shows that, in general, the normative guidelines have been followed. Moreover, the
interlinguistic analysis shows that the translation into German was made using the English version of the film which may
present consequences for German speakers given the cultural context of the adaptation.
CRI
Authors: Morand Clément , Ridoux Olivier
Published: October 2024

La Nature (1873–1962) is a French popular science magazine that spanned a large time period and a
large range of topics. It is available via ocerized archives so that it forms a corpus that is simultaneously diachronous,
heterogeneous, and noisy. Although these characteristics make it complex to analyze, La Nature is of great
interest for digital humanities studies on the evolution of thoughts in science, technology, and even politics.
The work presented in this article is part of research on the semantic annotation of these archives, which is discovering clues
for exploring them. One type of clue that has not been explored in a complex corpus such as La Nature is
binomial names, or more specifically, the named entities that refer to the Linnean
classification of life, e.g., Escherichia coli. To overcome this complexity, the concept of a Competent
Reader, who can detect binomial names even when obsolete, non-standard or defaced by OCR, is introduced. By imitating
a Competent Reader, our approach, which we call the Competent Reader Imitator (CRI), involves combining a
rule-based approach with a frequency argument. We show that this innovative method is robust to numerous variations and
consistently achieves an F-measure of about 70% despite diachronicity, heterogeneity, and noise, which are all known to impede
named entity recognition. Our method has many potential applications, such as in the study of chemical names and names of
scientific and technical artifacts, which could benefit from the Competent Reader imitation approach. Beyond our work on
La Nature, we hope this paper provides a set of tools and methods that are easily understandable, frugal, and
usable for a general public interested in exploring similar historical corpus.
Role of decoupling and Rastall parameters on Krori–Barua and Tolman IV models generated by isotropization and complexity factor
Authors: Naseer Tayyab , Sharif M
Published: October 2024

We develop multiple analytical solutions to the Rastall field equations using a recently proposed scheme, named the gravitational decoupling. In order to do this, we assume a spherical distribution that possesses anisotropic pressure in its interior and extend it by incorporating an additional gravitating source through the corresponding Lagrangian density. Such addition in the initial fluid distribution leads to the complicated field equations which are then tackled by implementing the minimal geometric deformation. This execution divides these equations into two different systems, each corresponds to the original source. The first system representing initial source is solved by adopting Krori–Barua and Tolman IV spacetimes, while three different constraints are used to work out the other set. The constants engaged in the above two ansatz are calculated through the junction conditions. The developed models are further explored graphically in the interior of a star, say

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. Finally, we conclude our results to be physically feasible under the considered variation in both Rastall and decoupling parameters. It is important to mention here that the derived models can be viewed as idealized or toy models that serve as preliminary explorations within the framework of Rastall gravity.
Uniqueness, stability and algorithm for an inverse wave-number-dependent source problem
Authors: Zhao Mengjie , Si Suliang , Hu Guanghui
Published: October 2024

This paper is concerned with an inverse wave-number-/frequency-dependent source problem for the Helmholtz equation. In two and three dimensions, the unknown source term is supposed to be compactly supported in spatial variables but independent on one spatial variable. The dependence of the source function on wave-number/frequency is supposed to be unknown. Based on the Fourier-transform and Dirichlet-Laplacian methods, we develop two efficient non-iterative numerical algorithms to recover the wave-number-dependent source. Uniqueness proof and increasing stability analysis are carried out if the boundary measurement data of Dirichlet kind are available. Numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methods.
Direct and inverse scattering in an optical waveguide*
Authors: Chang Yan , Guo Yukun , Zhao Yue
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we study the direct and inverse scattering of the Schrödinger equation in a three-dimensional optical planar waveguide. For the direct problem, we derive a resonance-free region and resolvent estimates for the resolvent of the Schrödinger operator in such a geometry. Based on the analysis of the resolvent, several inverse problems are investigated. First, given the potential function, we prove the uniqueness of the inverse source problem with multi-frequency data. We also develop a Fourier-based method to reconstruct the source function. The capability of this method is numerically illustrated by examples. Second, the uniqueness and increased stability of an inverse potential problem from data generated by incident waves are achieved in the absence of the source function. To derive the stability estimate, we use an argument of quantitative analytic continuation in complex theory. Third, we prove the uniqueness of simultaneously determining the source and potential by active boundary data generated by incident waves. In these inverse problems, we only use the limited lateral Dirichlet boundary data at multiple wavenumbers within a finite interval.
High-refractive-index glass device fabricated by room temperature bonding
Authors: Yamamoto Koki , Ito Yuri , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Tanaka Yo , Ota Nobutoshi
Published: October 2024

Wafer bonding is an essential technology for attaching various materials, including glass. Glass–glass bonding has been applied to fabricate glass micro/nanofluidic devices that work as analytical tools for chemical and biological research. Here, we report the fabrication of micro/nanofluidic devices consisting of a high refractive index (HRI) glass as a component of the device for the first time. Although HRI glass has been used for high-sensitivity and high-resolution imaging in microscopy, it has not been used for glass fluidic devices due to the lack of bonding method for HRI glass. The glass fluidic devices were made through glass–glass bonding at room temperature, which could avoid severe damage to bonded substrates of two glass types due to different rates of thermal expansion. The pressure endurance of these devices was measured to find the correlation with the surface properties of glass substrates. The measured results indicated that chemical groups other than SiOH enhanced the pressure endurance of the devices. Thus, these chemical groups helped to form the fluidic devices consisting of HRI glass and another glass type, borosilicate or fused silica, to achieve practical pressure endurance up to 270 kPa. The HRI glass-incorporating device showed 8-fold higher sensitivity and 30% narrower spatial resolution of fluorescence signals than the other devices with non-HRI glass.
Temperature modeling of wave rotor refrigeration process based on variable time-delay compensation and SDAE-GRU
Authors: Li Qi , Wang Yiming , Ba Wei
Published: October 2024

Aiming at the problem of noise and time-delay in temperature prediction modeling of large wave rotor refrigeration process, this paper proposes a novel modeling algorithm that combines the advantages of stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE) network and Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) algorithm and utilizes the Maximal Information Coefficient (MIC) algorithm to solve the targeting problem. The MIC algorithm is utilized to calculate the delay time of each input variable and output variable, and the input matrix is reconstructed to compensate for the time-delay, thus solving the problem afterwards. The SDAE network is utilized for denoising the input data and feature extraction to solve the problem of presence of noise in the data. The simulation results show that the proposed MIC-SDAE-GRU algorithm achieves a Root Mean Squared Error of 0.6432 and an R-squared (R
2) value of 0.9638, outperforming traditional machine learning methods and other deep learning approaches. Specifically, compared to the standard GRU algorithm, it improves the accuracy of temperature prediction for the wave rotor refrigeration process by 24.7% and exhibits strong generalization ability across various operating conditions.
Efficient indoor 3D object detection in point clouds using the Kinect sensor
Authors: Zhang Xuesong , Guo Jiaqi , Song Cunli , Zhuang Yan
Published: October 2024

Only using the point clouds collected by a Kinect sensor to perform 3D object detection is a very challenging task for indoor sense understanding. In this paper, we propose a novel point clouds based 3D object detection framework named Weighted VoteNet (W-VoteNet), which systematically enhances seed points, voting points, and proposal objects to varying degree, thereby enhancing the detection accuracy of indoor scene point clouds. Firstly, a new neighborhood feature enhancement module was designed to enhance the features of the seed point, which can better utilize the neighborhood feature of the seed point. Secondly, a weighted voting module is implemented to increase the accuracy of voting, allowing more prospect seed points to participate in voting. Finally, a new semantic relation reasoning module is proposed to get the semantic relationship features of the proposal object, which can further decrease false alarm rate. The three modules we proposed all contribute to more accurate voting and more effective proposals. The experimental results on two benchmark indoor 3D object detection datasets, SUN RGB-D and ScanNet V2, demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. The source code is available at: https://github.com/Guo-JQ/W-VoteNet.
Enhancing the diffusion capabilities of oxygen ions and hydrogen protons in protonic ceramic fuel cells at intermediate temperatures through doping material and ratio adjustments
Authors: Chan Yen-Hsin
Published: October 2024

This study aims to investigate the changes in the diffusion capabilities of oxygen ions and hydrogen protons within the electrolyte materials of protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFC) under various doping materials, doping ratios, and temperature effects. It utilizes molecular dynamics methods combined with the ReaxFF force field to analyze the reactivity and transport characteristics of oxygen ions and hydrogen protons in the BZY (Yttria-doped barium zirconates) microstructure of PCFCs. The research finds that for intermediate temperature ranges (573 K–773 K), the optimal doping ratio of Y2O3 is 13.6%, and at an operating temperature of 673 K, using MgO as a doping material for BZY can enhance the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen protons in the electrolyte, thereby optimizing the performance of PCFC.
Treatment envelope of transcranial histotripsy: challenges and strategies to maximize the treatment location profile
Authors: Lu Ning , Yeats Ellen M , Sukovich Jonathan R , Hall Timothy L , Pandey Aditya S , Xu Zhen
Published: October 2024

A 750 kHz, 360-element ultrasound array has been built for transcranial histotripsy applications. This study aims to evaluate its performance to determine whether this array is adequate for treating a wide range of brain locations through a human skull. Treatment location profiles in 2 excised human skulls were experimentally characterized based on passive cavitation mapping. Full-wave acoustic simulations were performed in 8 human skulls to analyze the ultrasound propagation at shallow targets in skulls with different properties. Results showed that histotripsy successfully generated cavitation from deep to shallow targets within 5 mm from the skull surface in the skull with high SDR and small thickness, whereas in the skull with low SDR and large thickness, the treatment envelope was limited up to 16 mm from the skull surface. Simulation results demonstrated that the treatment envelope was highly dependent on the skull acoustic properties. Pre-focal pressure hotspots were observed in both simulation and experiments when targeting near the skull. For each skull, the acoustic pressure loss increases significantly for shallow targets compared to central targets due to high attenuation, large incident angles, and pre-focal pressure hotspots. Strategies including array design optimization, pose optimization, and amplitude correction, are proposed to broaden the treatment envelope. This study identifies the capabilities and limitations of the 360-element transcranial histotripsy array and suggests strategies for designing the next-generation transcranial histotripsy array to expand the treatment location profile for a future clinical trial.
Novel Bragg peak characterization method using proton flux measurements on plastic scintillators
Authors: Guerreiro D R , Saraiva J G , Peralta L , Rodrigues C , Rovituso M , van der Wal E , R Schaart Dennis , Crespo P , Simões H , Sampaio J M
Published: October 2024

Objective. Bragg peak measurements play a key role in the beam quality assurance in proton therapy. Used as base data for the treatment planning softwares, the accuracy of the data is crucial when defining the range of the protons in the patient. Approach. In this paper a protocol to reconstruct a Pristine Bragg Peak exploring the direct correlation between the particle flux and the dose deposited by particles is presented. Proton flux measurements at the HollandPTC and FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations are used for this purpose. This new protocol is applicable to plastic scintillator detectors developed for Quality Assurance applications. In order to obtain the Bragg curve using a plastic fiber detector, a PMMA phantom with a decoupled and moveable stepper was designed. The step phantom allows to change the depth of material in front of the fiber detector during irradiations. The Pristine Bragg Peak reconstruction protocol uses the measured flux of particles at each position and multiplies it by the average dose obtained from the Monte Carlo simulation at each position. Main results. The results show that with this protocol it is possible to reconstruct the Bragg Peak with an accuracy of about 470 µm, which is in accordance with the tolerances set by the AAPM. Significance. It has the advantage to be able to overcome the quenching problem of scintillators in the high ionization density region of the Bragg peak.
The influence of daily imaging and target margin reduction on secondary cancer risk in image-guided and adaptive proton therapy
Authors: Smolders A , Czerska K , Celicanin Z , Lomax A , Albertini F
Published: October 2024

Objective. Image-guided and adaptive proton therapy rely on daily CBCT or CT imaging, which increases radiation dose and radiation-induced cancer risk. Online adaptation however also reduces setup uncertainty, and the additional risk might be compensated by reducing the setup robustness margin. This work developed a framework to investigate how much this robustness margin should be reduced to offset the secondary cancer risk from additional imaging dose and applied it to proton therapy for head-and-neck cancer. Approach. For five patients with head-and-neck cancer, voxel-wise CT and CBCT imaging doses were estimated with Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations, calibrated with air and PMMA phantom measurements. The total dose of several image-guided and adaptive treatments protocols was calculated by summing the planning CT dose, daily and weekly CBCT or CT dose, and therapy dose, robustly optimized with setup margins between 0 and 4 mm. These were compared to a reference protocol with 4 mm setup margin without daily imaging. All plans further used 3% range robustness. Organ-wise excess absolute risk (EAR) of cancer was calculated with three models to determine at which setup margin the total EAR of image-guided and adaptive treatment protocols was equal to the total EAR of the reference. Results. The difference between the simulated and measured CT and CBCT doses was within 10%. Using the Monte Carlo models, we found that a 1 mm setup margin reduction was sufficient for most patients, treatment protocols, and cancer risk models to compensate the additional risk imposed by daily and weekly imaging. For some protocols, even a smaller reduction sufficed, depending on the imaging frequency and type. The risk reduction by reducing the margin was mainly due to reducing the risk for carcinomas in the brain and, for some patients, the oral cavity. Significance. Our framework allows to compare an increased imaging dose with the reduced treatment dose from margin reductions in terms of radiation-induced cancer risk. It is extendable to different treatment sites, modalities, and imaging protocols, in clinic-specific or even patient-specific assessments.
Exploring machine learning models for predicting meson mass and width
Authors: Akan Tarik
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the application of various machine learning models to predict the mass and width of mesons based on their quark content and quantum numbers. Using deep neural networks (DNNs), ensemble methods, and traditional regression models, we demonstrate the effectiveness of these approaches in providing accurate predictions. By utilizing the relationship between isospin, charge conjugation, G-parity, we achieve more precise predictions and reveal the unique differences in meson properties. Additionally, we investigate the effects of incorporating quantum numbers into different ML algorithms, highlighting how these features impact the predictive performance of each model.
Stability and convergence computational analysis of a new semi analytical-numerical method for fractional order linear inhomogeneous integro-partial-differential equations
Authors: Iqbal Javed , Shabbir Khurram , Guran Liliana
Published: October 2024

The aim of this research is to develop a semi-analytical numerical method for solving fractional order linear integro partial differential equations (FOLIPDEs), particularly focusing on inhomogeneous FOLIPDEs of various types, such as fractional versions of Fredholm and Volterra type integral equations. To achieve this goal, we will explore existing fractional formulations of linear model integral equations. We will then outline of the proposed semi-analytical numerical procedure, including an analysis of its stability and convergence properties. Through specific numerical examples, we will demonstrate that this approach is not only clear and efficient but also accurate. The results obtained will indicate that this method holds significant potential for addressing a wide range of FOLIPDEs. Finally, we will summarize the contributions of this work to the advancement of semi-analytical numerical method for FOLIPDEs and discuss directions for future research in this area.
Gravitational waves from a curvature-induced phase transition of a Higgs-portal dark matter sector
Authors: Mantziris Andreas , Bertolami Orfeu
Published: October 2024

The study of interactions between dark matter and the Higgs field opens an exciting connection between cosmology and particle physics, since such scenarios can impact the features of dark matter as well as interfering with the spontaneous breaking of the electroweak symmetry. Furthermore, such Higgs-portal models of dark matter should be suitably harmonised with the various epochs of the universe and the phenomenological constraints imposed by collider experiments. At the same time, the prospect of a stochastic gravitational wave background offers a promising new window into the primordial universe, which can complement the insights gained from accelerators. In this study, we examined whether gravitational waves can be generated from a curvature-induced phase transition of a non-minimally coupled dark scalar field with a portal coupling to the Higgs field. The main requirement is that the phase transition is of first order, which can be achieved through the introduction of a cubic term on the scalar potential and the sign change of the curvature scalar. This mechanism was investigated in the context of a dynamical spacetime during the transition from inflation to kination, while also considering the possibility for inducing electroweak symmetry breaking in this manner for a sufficiently low reheating temperature when the Higgs-portal coupling is extremely weak. We considered a large range of inflationary scales and both cases of positive and negative values for the non-minimal coupling, while taking into account the bound imposed by Big Bang Nucleosythesis. The resulting gravitational wave amplitudes are boosted by kination and thus constrain the parameter space of the couplings significantly. Even though the spectra lie at high frequencies for the standard high inflationary scales, there are combinations of parameter space where they could be probed with future experiments.
The effect of vertical displacements on the runaway electron avalanche in ITER mitigated disruptions
Authors: Wang C. , Nardon E. , Artola F.J. , Bandaru V. , Hoelzl M. ,   the JOREK team
Published: October 2024

In order to prepare the operation of ITER, it is important to estimate the amplitude of the runaway electron (RE) current that could appear following disruptions at large plasma currents. Theoretically, the avalanche gain of RE population on a toroidal flux surface (TFS) is an exponential function of the change in the poloidal magnetic flux Δψ on that TFS. However, once a TFS is open, REs on it escape rapidly and can no longer proliferate. It is expected that the vertical motion of the plasma during a disruption could lead to the opening of TFSs as the plasma cross-section is pushed into the wall. The influence of this vertical motion on the RE avalanche gain was rarely considered in previous studies. This study investigates the RE generation in ITER major disruptions and hot vertical displacement events mitigated by the injection of neon and hydrogen, using an axisymmetric 2D model on the JOREK code. Compared to those with a stationary plasma, our simulations show a smaller Δψ on a given TFS by the time it becomes open as a result of the vertical motion. The maximum potential avalanche gain is thus reduced from

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without considering the vertical motion to

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, depending on the plasma dynamics during the disruption. In addition, the RE current produced by a typical nuclear seed (∼ 10 mA) at ITER is investigated.
A bio-inspired looming detection for stable landing in unmanned aerial vehicles*
Authors: Xie Yupeng , Li Zhiteng , Song Linkun , Zhao Jiannan
Published: October 2024

Flying insects, such as flies and bees, have evolved the capability to rely solely on visual cues for smooth and secure landings on various surfaces. In the process of carrying out tasks, micro unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) may encounter various emergencies, and it is necessary to land safely in complex and unpredictable ground environments, especially when altitude information is not accurately obtained, which undoubtedly poses a significant challenge. Our study draws on the remarkable response mechanism of the Lobula Giant Movement Detector to looming scenarios to develop a novel UAV landing strategy. The proposed strategy does not require distance estimation, making it particularly suitable for payload-constrained micro aerial vehicles. Through a series of experiments, this strategy has proven to effectively achieve stable and high-performance landings in unknown and complex environments using only a monocular camera. Furthermore, a novel mechanism to trigger the final landing phase has been introduced, further ensuring the safe and stable touchdown of the drone.
Health implications of cooking energy transition: Evidence from rural China
Authors: Yu Lu , Lin Bin , Jin Songqing , Wang Xiaoxi
Published: October 2024

The transition towards advanced residential energy sources is a pressing priority for many countries. Despite this, solid fuels remain the dominant form of cooking energy for rural households in developing countries. This study investigates the physical and mental health impacts of cooking energy choices by using endogenous switching models to address selection bias associated with cooking energy adoption and to distinguish the health impacts of different types of cooking energy. Using country-representative household survey data from rural China, our results indicate that adopting advanced forms of energy, not only enhances physical health in terms of reducing the rates of chronic diseases but also improves mental health. We further delve into the heterogenous impacts of advanced energy adoption across different groups and find that women, old adults, and economically disadvantaged groups are more likely to experience greater mental health benefits compared to their counterparts, while the opposite results are observed for the physical health. Additionally, we differentiate the health impacts by distinguishing between various energy types. This study provides insights for policy making aimed at improving public health and promoting health equality, contributing to efforts towards achieving sustainable development goals by prioritizing clean and efficient residential energy solutions.
Effects of grain size, dislocation density, and texture type on the etching behavior of Cu target in magnetron sputtering process
Authors: Zhao Xueyang , Yuan Junping , Zhou Xiang , Lu Huanxun , Hu Bowen , Zhu Jiayi
Published: October 2024

Copper thin film is commonly applied in the microelectronics and battery industries, and environmentally friendly magnetron sputtering process is one of the main coating processes. The effects of grain size, dislocation density, and texture type of Cu target on sputtering efficiency were researched in this work. High-purity copper cast ingots were rolled into plates. Pieces were then cut from different surfaces of the plates and assembled into the targets named as Target 1, Target 2, and Target 3 for magnetron sputtering. To investigate the etching behavior of the three targets, EBSD technology was utilized for analysis, and the micro-morphologies of the etching grooves were observed using SEM. After the sputtering process, the weight loss rate and etching depth of the various targets were measured to compare the respective sputtering efficiency. Target 1 exhibited the highest sputtering weight loss rate at any time period compared to Target 2 and Target 3, and reached its maximum depth after every 15 minutes of sputtering. In the first 45 minutes, the etching depth of Target 2 was slightly greater than that of Target 3. While the etching depth of Target 3 increased significantly in the last 15 minutes compared to that of Target 2. The most significant factor influencing the sputtering efficiency of the target material was grain size, with finer grains leading to higher sputtering efficiency. The dislocation density had a greater impact in the first 30 minutes, but the texture type became more important as the sputtering process continued.
Surface modification of fabrics using dielectric barrier discharge plasma for improved antifouling performance
Authors: SHEN 沈 Jian 剑 , WANG 王 Fajun 法军 , WEI 魏 Wei 伟 , MA 马 Jie 杰 , WANG 王 Junjie 俊杰 , LIN 林 Liangliang 良良
Published: October 2024

Surface modification of fabrics is an effective way to endow them with antifouling properties while still maintaining their key advantages such as comfort, softness and stretchability. Herein, an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma method is demonstrated for the processing of silk fabrics using 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDS) as the precursor. The results showed the successful grafting of PFDS groups onto the surface of silk fabrics without causing damage. Meanwhile, the gas temperature is rather low during the whole processing procedure, suggesting the non-equilibrium characteristics of DBD plasma. The influence on fabrics of the processing parameters (PFDS concentration, plasma treatment time and plasma discharge power) was systematically investigated. An optimum processing condition was determined to be a PFDS concentration of 8wt%, a plasma processing time of 40 s and a plasma power of 11.87 W. However, with prolonged plasma processing time or enhanced plasma power, the plasma-grafted PFDS films could be degraded. Further study revealed that plasma processing of silk fabrics with PFDS would lead to a change in their chemical composition and surface roughness. As a result, the surface energy of the fabrics was reduced, accompanied by improved water and oil repellency as well as enhanced antifouling performance. Besides, the plasma-grafted PFDS films also had good durability and stability. By extending the method to polyester and wool against different oil-/water-based stains, the DBD plasma surface modification technique demonstrated good versatility in improving the antifouling properties of fabrics. This work provides guidance for the surface modification of fabrics using DBD plasma to confer them with desirable functionalities.
Comprehensive research facility for negative ion source neutral beam injection at CRAFT: design and first operations
Authors: Wei Jianglong , Xie Yahong , Xie Yuanlai , Jiang Caichao , Zhao Yuanzhe , Xu Yongjian , Gu Yuming , Yi Wei , Liu Wei , Bu Lvyang , Yan Dezhi , Liu Zhimin , Liu Sheng , Pan Junjun , Chen Shiyong , Yu Ling , Cui Qinglong , SONG Shihua , Chen Yuqing , wang ji , Liu Ling , Pan Shengmin , Guo Bin , Zhu Zhigang , Wang Na , Xie Junwei , Yang Yuwen , Zhu Tengsai , yang lixing , Li Yufan , Tang Ning , Wang Qianxu , Hong Huihui , Liu Bo , Li Yuqian , Lee Yang , Gu Yu , Peng Xufeng , Liu Shanhu , Wu Yong , Meng Xiancai , Hu Chundong , Liang Lizhen
Published: October 2024

Neutral beam injection (NBI) has been proven as a reliable heating and current drive method for fusion plasma. For the high-energy NBI system (particle energy > 150 keV) of large-scale fusion devices, the negative ion source neutral beam injection (NNBI) system is inevitable, which can obtain an acceptable neutralization efficiency (> 55%). But the NNBI system is very complex and challengeable. To explore and master the key NNBI technology for future fusion reactor in China, an NNBI test facility is under development in the framework of the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology (CRAFT). The initial goal of CRAFT NNBI facility is to achieve a 2 MW hydrogen neutral beam at the energy of 200–400 keV for lasting 100 s. In the first operations of the CRAFT NNBI facility, a negative ion source with dual RF drivers was developed and tested. By using the 50 keV accelerator, the long-pulse and high-current extractions of negative hydrogen ions have been achieved and the typical values were 55.4 keV, 7.3 A (~ 123 A/m2), 105 s and 55.0 keV, 14.7 A (~ 248 A/m2), 30 s, respectively. By using the 200 keV accelerator, the megawatt-class negative hydrogen beam has also been achieved (135.9 keV, 8.9 A, 8 s). The whole process of the gas neutralization of negative ion beam, electric removal of residual ions, and beam transport have been demonstrated experimentally.
Conformally printed additively manufactured RF demonstrator for circuit compaction
Authors: Luce Andrew , Areias Christopher , Trulli Susan , Harper Elicia , Zhang Yiwen , Strack Guinevere , Lovaasen John , Akyurtlu Alkim
Published: October 2024

Recently, there has been interest in applying additive manufacturing (AM) to radio frequency (RF) and microwave applications, especially in packaging of microelectronic devices. Additive packaging offers advantages of expanded functionality in restricted volume, through miniature, low-SWaP-C sensors, allowing for non-traditional form factors. In this work, design, fabrication, and characterization of a non-planar monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) is presented to demonstrate significant footprint reduction and circuit compaction. Performance of a non-planar passive RF device and details of planar to non-planar AM connections for characterization of the transitions will be demonstrated. The work will present details of the design and fabrication of the non-planar structure, optimization of the process parameters for the Optomec 5-axis Aerosol Jet Printer for multi-material printing, and the results of the characterization and testing. RF measurements were conducted to demonstrate the functionality of the developed non-planar circuit and compared with simulations which showed good agreement. The results of this work show that fully additive approach is feasible for non-planar circuits, which will allow for footprint reduction, weight reduction, and achievement of novel form factors that are critical for microwave applications.
1 GHz fundamental repetition rate thulium-doped all-polarization maintaining modelocked fiber laser
Authors: Cuadrado-Laborde C , Muñoz-Marco H , Pérez-Millán P , Díez-Cremades A , Cruz J L , Silvestre E , Andrés M V
Published: October 2024

In this work, we present a passively modelocked all-fiber laser that fully retains polarization with a fundamental repetition rate of 1 GHz. The whole cavity consists of a 106 mm-long highly-Tm-doped polarization-maintaining fiber with a dichroic mirror on one end and a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror on the other. We experimentally characterized the output of this laser, which emits a train of transform-limited light pulses with a temporal width of 520 fs at the central optical wavelength of 1.96 μm. The high stability of this laser was also experimentally verified. Together with this, a detailed theoretical model was developed, confirming the experimental results.
H.L.A. Hart's Lost Essay on Policies, Principles, and Adjudication
Authors: Burry Samuel
Published: October 2024

This introductory essay accompanies the publication of H.L.A. Hart’s “Policies, Principles, and Adjudication,” which I uncovered amongst Ronald Dworkin’s papers at Yale. Hart’s previously unpublished paper was composed between 1977 and 1982 and delivered at a seminar at Oxford. It offers an extended critique of Dworkin’s conception of “policies” in his Taking Rights Seriously. This critique is not reproduced elsewhere in Hart’s published work. The paper also provides an expanded version of Hart’s thoughts, in his “Postscript” to The Concept of Law, on judicial reasoning by analogy and the phenomenology of judicial decision-making. Hart’s essay adds significantly to our understanding of the so-called “Hart-Dworkin debate,” around which much of contemporary Anglophone jurisprudence continues to be structured.
‘Un oubli généreux du passé’: Art, Politics and Oblivion, and the Salon of 1814
Authors: Adams Steven
Published: October 2024

The collapse of Napoleon’s Empire and the restoration of Louis XVIII left a legacy so embittered that hopes of political reconciliation were thought impossible. To this end, the new constitution required that the atrocities of the past were simply ‘forgotten’. Artists responded to the call in a wide variety of ways: pictures of the nation’s ancient past, depictions of a sacral monarchy and images of domesticity had a renewed appeal and offered a narrative refuge from the traumatic memories of the Republic and Empire. But art’s relationship with criticism and politics was by no means stable. This essay examines the myriad ways in which the policy of ‘l’oubli’ shaped the production and interpretation of the pictures shown at the Salon of 1814, and the entangled, fragmented and contingent ties between art, politics, history and criticism at a moment of seismic political change.
Selection processes, transportability, and failure time analysis in life history studies
Authors: Cook Richard J , Lawless Jerald F
Published: October 2024

In life history analysis of data from cohort studies, it is important to address the process by which participants are identified and selected. Many health studies select or enrol individuals based on whether they have experienced certain health related events, for example, disease diagnosis or some complication from disease. Standard methods of analysis rely on assumptions concerning the independence of selection and a person’s prospective life history process, given their prior history. Violations of such assumptions are common, however, and can bias estimation of process features. This has implications for the internal and external validity of cohort studies, and for the transportabilty of results to a population. In this paper, we study failure time analysis by proposing a joint model for the cohort selection process and the failure process of interest. This allows us to address both independence assumptions and the transportability of study results. It is shown that transportability cannot be guaranteed in the absence of auxiliary information on the population. Conditions that produce dependent selection and types of auxiliary data are discussed and illustrated in numerical studies. The proposed framework is applied to a study of the risk of psoriatic arthritis in persons with psoriasis.
Nifuroxazide rescues the deleterious effects due to CHCHD10-associated MICOS defects in disease models
Authors: Ropert Baptiste , Bannwarth Sylvie , Genin Emmanuelle C , Vaillant-Beuchot Loan , Lacas-Gervais Sandra , Hounoum Blandine Madji , Bernardin Aurore , Dinh Nhu , Mauri-Crouzet Alessandra , D’Elia Marc-Alexandre , Augé Gaelle , Lespinasse Françoise , Di Giorgio Audrey , Meira Willian , Bonnefoy Nathalie , Monassier Laurent , Schiff Manuel , Sago Laila , Kilinc Devrim , Brau Frédéric , Redeker Virginie , Bohl Delphine , Tribouillard-Tanvier Déborah , Procaccio Vincent , Azoulay Stéphane , Ricci Jean-Ehrland , Delahodde Agnès , Paquis-Flucklinger Véronique
Published: October 2024

The identification of a point mutation (p.Ser59Leu) in the CHCHD10 gene was the first genetic evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction can trigger motor neuron disease. Since then, we have shown that this mutation leads to the disorganization of the MItochondrial contact site and Cristae Organizing System (MICOS) complex that maintains the mitochondrial cristae structure.

Here, we generated yeast mutant strains mimicking MICOS instability and used them to test the ability of more than 1600 compounds from 2 repurposed libraries to rescue the growth defect of those cells. Among the hits identified, we selected nifuroxazide, a broad-spectrum antibacterial molecule.

We show that nifuroxazide rescues mitochondrial network fragmentation and cristae abnormalities in CHCHD10S59L/+ patient fibroblasts. This molecule also decreases caspase-dependent death of human CHCHD10S59L/+ iPSC-derived motor neurons. Its benefits involve KIF5B-mediated mitochondrial transport enhancement, evidenced by increased axonal movement and syntaphilin degradation in patient-derived motor neurons.

Our findings strengthen the MICOS-mitochondrial transport connection. Nifuroxazide and analogues emerge as potential therapeutics for MICOS-related disorders like motor neuron disease. Its impact on syntaphilin hints at broader neurological disorder applicability for nifuroxazide.
Advancements in Biogas Production: Process Optimization and Innovative Plant Operations
Authors: Saboohi Zoheir , Hosseini Seyed Ehsan
Published: October 2024

Biogas production offers numerous advantages, but ongoing research and development are essential to enhance efficiency, accelerate production, and ensure cost-effectiveness as a sustainable energy source. This comprehensive review examines the anaerobic digestion process of cow dung, analyzing critical factors such as reactor type, operating conditions, and feedstock pretreatment. By breaking down complex organic structures, pretreatment methods such as thermal and chemical treatments significantly increase biogas yields. Additionally, the use of additives such as trace metal nanoparticles can enhance methane production, making the anaerobic digestion process more efficient. Also, innovative applications for biogas facilities are discussed, including integrating biogas production with hydroponic farming, which repurposes nutrient-rich byproducts for crop growth, and using waste heat to generate electricity. Furthermore, steam methane reforming offers a pathway for hydrogen production, which increases biogas plants' versatility. The findings of this study provide actionable strategies to optimize biogas production and utilize biogas facilities to promote sustainability and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. According to this study, taking advantage of these novel approaches will maximize the benefits of biogas and contribute to the transition toward a greener economy.
The effects of colchicine on lipoprotein(a)- and oxidized phospholipid-associated cardiovascular disease risk
Authors: Mohammadnia Niekbachsh , van Broekhoven Amber , Bax Willem A , Eikelboom John W , Mosterd Arend , Fiolet Aernoud T L , Tijssen Jan G P , Thompson Peter L , de Kleijn Dominique P V , Tsimikas Sotirios , Cornel Jan H , Yeang Calvin , El Messaoudi Saloua
Published: October 2024

Aims

Inflammatory lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs) on lipoproteins convey residual cardiovascular disease risk. The low-dose colchicine 2 (LoDoCo2) trial showed that colchicine reduced the risk of cardiovascular events occurring on standard therapies in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). We explored the effects of colchicine on Lp(a)- and oxidized lipoprotein-associated risk in a LoDoCo2 biomarker subpopulation.

Methods and results

Lipoprotein(a) and OxPLs on apolipoprotein(a) [OxPL-apo(a)] and apolipoprotein B-100 (OxPL-apoB) levels were determined in the biomarker population of the LoDoCo2 trial (n = 1777). The Cox regression analysis was used to compare the risk of the primary endpoint, consisting of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, or ischaemia-driven revascularization by biomarker levels. Interactions between treatment, Lp(a), and OxPL levels were evaluated. Lipoprotein(a), OxPL-apo(a), and OxPL-apoB levels were similar between the colchicine and placebo groups. Consistent risk reduction by colchicine was observed in those with Lp(a) < 125 nmol/L and ≥125 nmol/L and the highest OxPL-apo(a) tertile compared with the lowest (Pinteraction = 0.92 and 0.66). The absolute risk reduction for those with Lp(a) ≥ 125 nmol/L appeared higher compared with those with Lp(a) < 125 nmol/L (4.4% vs. 2.4%). A treatment interaction for colchicine was found in those with the highest OxPL-apoB tertile vs. the lowest (Pinteraction = 0.04).

Conclusion

In patients with CCS, colchicine reduces cardiovascular disease risk in those with and without elevated Lp(a) but absolute benefits appeared higher in those with Lp(a) ≥ 125 nmol/L. Patients with higher levels of OxPL-apoB experienced greater benefit of colchicine, suggesting that colchicine may be more effective in subjects with heightened oxidation-driven inflammation.
Mapping and ablation of ventricular tachycardia using dual-energy lattice-tip focal catheter: early feasibility and safety study
Authors: Peichl Petr , Wichterle Dan , Schlosser Filip , Stojadinović Predrag , Nejedlo Vojtěch , Borišincová Eva , Marek Josef , Štiavnický Peter , Hašková Jana , Kautzner Josef
Published: October 2024

Aims

Catheter ablation is an effective treatment method for recurrent ventricular tachycardias (VTs). However, at least in part, procedural and clinical outcomes are limited by challenges in generating an adequate lesion size in the ventricular myocardium. We investigated procedural and clinical outcomes of VT ablation using a novel ‘large-footprint’ catheter that allows the creation of larger lesions either by radiofrequency (RF) or by pulsed field (PF) energy.

Methods and results

In prospectively collected case series, we describe our initial experience with VT ablation using a lattice-tip, dual-energy catheter (Sphere-9, Medtronic), and a compatible proprietary electroanatomical mapping system (Affera, Medtronic). The study population consisted of 18 patients (aged 55 ± 15 years, one woman, structural heart disease: 94%, ischaemic heart disease: 56%, left ventricular ejection fraction: 34 ± 10%, electrical storm: 22%) with recurrent sustained VTs and ≥1 previously failed endocardial RF ablation with conventional irrigated-tip catheter in 66% of patients. On average, 12 ± 7 RF and 8 ± 9 PF applications were delivered per patient. In three-fourths of patients undergoing percutaneous epicardial ablation, spasms in coronary angiography were observed after PF applications. All resolved after intracoronary administration of nitrates. No acute phrenic nerve palsy was noted. One patient suffered from a stroke that resolved without sequelae. Post-ablation non-inducibility of VT was achieved in 89% of patients. Ventricular-arrhythmia-free survival at three months was 78%.

Conclusion

VT ablation using a dual-energy lattice-tip catheter and a novel electroanatomical mapping system is feasible. It allows rapid mapping and effective substrate modification with good outcomes during short-term follow-up.
Using Apple Watches to Monitor Health and Behaviors of Individuals with Cognitive Impairment: A Case Series Study
Authors: Ford Colby T , Galler Jake A , He Yingnan , Young Cathrine , Simpson Beata Gabriela K , Wu Chao-Yi , Pfaffenroth Jake , Wah Eh So , Arnold Steven E , Dodge Hiroko H , Corkey Jon A , Das Sudeshna
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This study explores the potential of developing digital biomarkers from wearables for monitoring individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias, focusing on the feasibility of using Apple Watches for tracking health and behaviors in older adults with cognitive impairment.

Method

Data collection used the Amissa Health technology stack, which passively collects time-series data from smartwatches and provides a high-frequency cloud database for secure data storage, query, and visualization by clinicians and researchers. The platform consists of i) AmissaWear, a software app that runs on smartwatches and sends information to a cloud database using a secure API; and ii) AmissaOrbis, a centralized cloud portal for the collected data. Each participant was provided an Apple Watch configured to collect steps, calories burned, accelerometer and gyroscope readings, heart rate, and sleep information.

Results

Seven participants, with cognitive impairment diagnosed by a neurologist, were enrolled in the study from December 2023 through June 2024. The watches successfully collected more than 700,000 observations during the study. Each observation contains data recorded from over a dozen sensors (e.g., heart rate, pedometer, gyroscope, accelerometer). The participants wore Apple Watches for an average of 11.48 hours/day for 84.91% of days during a 6-month period without a decrease in usage over time. Overall, the technology yielded high wear adherence and participation within this pilot.

Discussion

This study demonstrates the feasibility of using widely available Apple Watches for continuous monitoring of individuals with cognitive impairment and provides insights into their daily health and activity patterns, which could aid in future development of digital biomarkers.