bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal error compensation in CNC machine tools using measurement technologies
Authors: Polyakov A N , Parfenov I V
Published: November 2019

The required machining accuracy can be realized by compensating the thermal error of the machine tool. The paper presents a method of constructing a system of compensation for the thermal error of the machine tool. The method is based on the part measurement system installed on the machine. A review of studies in the field of precision machining was conducted. The review showed that the methods of correction of machining errors caused by dynamic and static factors using OMM-technology (On Machine Measurement) is presented in the literature. At the same time, the methods of compensation of the thermal error of machine tool built on the use of OMM-technology are poorly represented. Therefore, the practical implementation of control algorithms of the working bodies of the machine allowing one to compensate for its thermal error using OMM-technology is in demand. The methodology contains seven main stages, methodologically covering four areas of research. In addition to the experimental, mathematical and measurement areas of research, they also distinguish the area of software development (preparation of NC programs for CNC machines). It is proved that the presented methodology allows one to develop own automated system of compensation of a thermal error for any machine tool. It is shown that the most important directions of the framework for the improvement of the effectiveness of such system are to ensure the completeness of the experimental base and the accuracy of the adjustment of the thermal error compensation algorithms of the machine tool.
Studying optoelectronic detectors for fatigue parameters control on machine-building metal surfaces
Authors: Rakhimov N R , Umarova G A , Zakirova Kh D
Published: November 2019

The article introduces methods and experimental findings of semiconducting optron characteristics in the optical fiber systems with open channels to determine fatigue of metal constructions. This device consists of a detector element and an electronic unit.
Study of geological and technological factors on the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Shakurova Al F , Shakurova Ay F
Published: November 2019

Using correlation analysis, the authors assess the impact of geological and physical, geological and technological properties on the technological effect in the development of fields using hydraulic fracturing. The dependence of technological effect of hydraulic fracturing from the quality of casing string annulus fixing is also considered. The analysis of technological efficiency of regular technology of hydraulic fracturing in conditions of JSC TATNEFT showed its insufficient level due to the lack of methods which take into account the impact of geological and physical, geological and technological factors. The study of correlation relationship between field results of hydraulic fracturing and reservoir properties established quantitative geological field criteria for its effective use, which allowed to make a more informed choice of objects of impact.
Motivation towards energy saving by means of IoT personal energy manager platform
Authors: Zhukovskiy Y , Batueva D , Buldysko A , Shabalov M
Published: November 2019

The article presents a study of implementations of information technologies for energy saving. The study provides an analysis of cloud platforms used in the energy sector. Most platforms are used to increase equipment load factors, diagnose it, or integrate the energy infrastructure of individual systems into large systems. The article discusses the role of man in the process of improving energy efficiency. As a result of the research, it is found that the user’s connection to energy saving will act as a significant motivation. The proposed cloud platform focused on the personalization of energy actions will create the prerequisites for the formation of a smart consumer. The article describes the structure and functionality of the system. As a result of the platform implementation, the user will be able not only to reduce his bills for energy, but to see the real effect of his actions in the overall balance.
Evaluating the technological effect of a horizontal hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Petrova L V , Buravov V V
Published: November 2019

The paper analyzes the technological effect of horizontal hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing is understood as a mechanical stimulation method where rock is fractured along the planes of minimal strength as a result of action from fluid injected into the formation.
Decision-making process modeling for occupational safety management system based on a fuzzy analysis of production incidents
Authors: Semeykin A Yu , Kochetkova I A , Klimova E V , Nosatova E A , Drozdova A O
Published: November 2019

The article proposes a decision-making model using a fuzzy analysis of production incidents for various factors. For the analysis, a database of factors of industrial incidents that occurred in the Belgorod region in 2007-2017 is used. The model is based on a quantitative assessment of the degree of belonging of the current value of the state parameters to each of the scenarios of severity of consequences at the corresponding point. This model is implemented in an expert decision support system for occupational safety and risk management. The use of such systems allows one to provide multivariate analysis of occupational injuries and occupational risk factors and to identify groups of workers for whom the level of occupational risk exceeds acceptable values.
L-Sol – heating system with PVT-collectors as single heat source for a brine-water heat pump
Authors: Schubert Maike , Hunziker Manuel , Sauter David , Sperr Nadia , Rohrer Jürg
Published: November 2019

The building sector has a huge potential for reducing greenhouse gas emission without the need of a higher sufficiency. The key is to build and retrofit buildings with good envelopes as well as choosing efficient heating systems. A heating system with a brine-water heat pump and PVT collectors as single heat source is suggested here as an alternative to an air-water heat pump system for single family houses. In the system simulations performed, the PVT-heat pump System (“L-Sol”) is more efficient than an air-water heat pump system and still affordable. As the System L-Sol produces heat and electricity on the same area it saves space, disadvantages like noise emission of air-water heat pumps or costly drilling of bore holes are omitted. The system has been optimized in terms of efficiency by testing different dimensioning of the components and regarding the grid purchase by optimizing the system control.
Slim building envelopes using vacuum glazing and high-performance insulation
Authors: Wakili Karim Ghazi , Stöckli Thomas , Rädle Wolfgang , Uehlinger Urs
Published: November 2019

To get a slim building envelope with low thermal transmittance, and hence a low energy consumption, vacuum glazing and high-performance insulation material have been combined. Preliminary investigations both experimental and numerical have been carried out to determine thermal, hygric and mechanical properties of these building components according to either existing standards or to best knowledge procedures. This includes measurement of the center-of-glass U-value, the simulation of the influence of support pillars on the glass surface temperature and comparison of measured and calculated results. Several specimens were measured under different temperature gradients to get more information about accuracy and deviation in the production of the vacuum glazing elements. Further, mechanical stability of larger specimens was tested by the standard pendulum tests for flat glass and compared to identical tests on conventional double-glazing elements of the same size. Finally, a one-dimensional hygro-thermic analysis has been conducted to determine the temperature and moisture distribution within a thin wall construction containing high-performance insulation when submitted to climatic conditions in the Swiss Midlands.
Ternary diagrams SiO2-Al2O3-K2O as tool for the analysis of ceramic materials behavior
Authors: García-León R A , Flórez Solano E , Rodriguez-Castilla M
Published: November 2019

The present study about ternary diagrams of SiO2-Al2O3-K2O has been conducted from the determination of two possible optimal clay mixtures through hydrometric tests of a company dedicated to the manufacture of masonry products for construction in the North region of Santander in Colombia; this work is the continuation of others carried out previously. In this raw material (clay) the dominant minerals are silica, alumina, iron, potassium, among others, which provide the plasticity and adequate granulometric distribution. Two optimal m7 and m8 mixtures were selected from 5 samples (M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5) of clays from different points of the company’s mine, these mixtures were analyzed by Fluorescence and X-ray diffraction tests with the purpose of determining the chemical elements in their maximum percentage and to be able to graph them in ternary diagrams with the help of FACTSAGE software and finally determine their cooking behavior. The results of the investigation showed that the physical characterization of the clays provides a broad view on the technological behavior of the raw material and consequently the quality of the final product.
Development of savonius type windmill prototype as a learning medium about wind power plants
Authors: Markumningsih S , Purwantana B , Gulo J C
Published: November 2019

One of the renewable energy sources that can be used as a driving resource is the wind. Wind energy can be converted into energy in other forms, for example mechanical energy or electrical energy through wind turbines. One of the most developed wind turbines is the savonius type which includes the vertical shaft type. The investment cost for making a real wind turbine in the field is very expensive so it cannot use trial and error methods to get efficient turbines. Research to develop wind turbines is done by making a prototype of a laboratory scale wind turbine. The part of wind turbines are made in a small size so that the mini wind power plant can operate and on the other hand does not cost a lot. From the prototype parameters can be observed that affect the performance of the wind turbine. The windmill prototype was made 200 cm high and 50 cm in diameter and equipped with 4 blades. For testing in the laboratory using a wind source from the fan which is driven by an electric motor that can be adjusted by the rpm. The determination of power efficiency is applied by the turbine ability to absorb the energy of wind as represented by torque and rotational speed of turbine attacked air flow in testing. The result shows that efficiency of the savonius turbine were 5,02% - 9,12%.
Determining casson yield value, casson viscosity and thixotropy of molten Chocolate using viscometer
Authors: Cahyani A , Kurniasari J , Nafingah R , Rahayoe S , Harmayani E , Saputro A D
Published: November 2019

Flow properties of chocolate highly determine mouthfeel and consumer acceptance. Aside from these, they are also important factors in determining the incorporation of chocolate in food products. This work investigated the possibility of using viscometer to determine the flow properties of molten chocolate. The data obtained from viscometer was fitted to Casson Model. Afterwards, Casson yield value and Casson viscosity were then derived. To observe the homogeneity of molten chocolate, thixotropy value was also determined. In this study, molten chocolate was produced using a stone melanger as an alternative processing method. Four grinding durations, namely 4, 8, 12, and 16 hours, were used to produce 4 types of dark chocolate. The results showed that viscometer was able to determine the value of Casson Model parameters, eventhough the shear rate reached was only approximately 45 s−1. Using this approach, it can be observed that the Casson Yield Value and Casson Viscosity increased as the grinding durations were increased.
Physical characteristics of instanised Cocoa drink sweetened with Palm Sap Sugar: A preliminary study
Authors: Dyaningrum E F , Lutfiyah R A , Diasti D R , Karyadi J N W , Saputro A D
Published: November 2019

Palm sap sugar is a natural sweetener made from sap collected from the flowers of several species of palm tree. This sugar is highly produce in South-East and South Asian regions, such as Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and India. Its use improves the taste, colour and aroma of drink and food products. This work investigated the impact of palm sap sugar and processing method on the solubility and appearance of instanised cocoa powder. In this study, three cocoa powder blends with different palm sap sugar proportion, namely 15%, 30%, and 45% were used as a sweetener. The results showed that the solubility of cocoa drink increased as the proportion of palm sap sugar was increased. With regard to the appearance, the lightness of the cocoa drink decreased as the proportion of palm sap sugar was increased. This study revealed that the lightness of the cocoa drink decreased and the solubility increased as the number of agglomeration process repetition was increased.
Implementation of life cycle assessment on production of Fresh Pasteurized Milk
Authors: Supartono W , Isman M , Yuliando H
Published: November 2019

Cow fresh milk is managed and milked by dairy farmers then it is collected at Cooperation of Milk Farmers Warga Mulya. It is processed to pasteurized fresh milk and packed in plastic cup of 160 ml. Whole activities are influenced by scale of ownership, type of milking process and energy use for conducting activities. The objective of this research was to implement Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on fresh pasteurized milk production. Some parameters were considered; milking technique and number of cows at every farmers. The LCA is a method to calculate the environmental impact of fresh pasteurized milk production. The samples were 10 farmer members. The process was started from milking at farmers, picking up the fresh milk, receiving milk at Cooperation, then milk processing or pasteurization. All energy, waste and others were collected, calculated, analyzed and then determined into environmental effect category. The results showed, that the energy use for carrying out all activities was reached by 3.8284 MJ/l. The highest emission was gained by pasteurization process released 47.3869 g/l CO2 equivalent, 0.0564 g/l SO2; 0.4823 g/l NOx and 0.0025 g/l CH4. The highest impact to environment was contributed by pasteurization process as follow; Global Warming Potential (GWP) 87.6969 g CO2 equivalent; Acidification Potential (AP) 1.6827 g SO2 equivalent and Eutrophication Potential (EP) 0.7246 g NOx- equivalent.
Rice Husk Fuel Pellet: Characterization on Physical and Thermogravimetric (TGA) Combustion Properties
Authors: Widjaya ER , Triwahyudi S , Rosmeika  , Harsono
Published: November 2019

Recently, the demand for biomass fuel pellet is increasing leading to the use of agricultural waste as the feedstock alternative to the wood pellet. In this study, the rice husk was developed into fuel pellet and characterized its physical and combustion properties. The pelleting used a flat-die roller type pelleting machine. The pre-treatments were reducing the size and mixing with a 4% gelatinized tapioca starch as the binder. The single pellet had an average diameter of 8 mm, length of 28.7 mm and weight of 1.8 g/pellet. The rice husk bulk density increased from 145 kg/m3 in raw form into 511 kg/m3 in pellet form. There were no significant different changes in pellet dimension after 14 days of pelleting. The combustion properties were analyzed using thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The TGA analyses were conducted using oxygen at a flow rate of 50 ml/min; the heating rates were 10°/min, 20°/min and 30°/min heated up to 950°C. This study found that the ignition and the burnout temperatures were at about 276°C and 448°C, respectively. As to the non-woody characteristic of higher cellulose than woody biomass, the rice husk pellet had a higher conversion rate at lower temperatures than that of wood pellet.
Development of integrated machine for tillage, corn planter and fertilizer application
Authors: Harsono  , Budiharti U
Published: November 2019

Challenge in the expansion of maize and soybean planting areas is the limited agricultural labor from land processing activities, planting to post-harvest. Considering that the corn and soybean cultivation systems are still traditionally done using both human and livestock power so that the productivity and work efficiency produced is still low. This affects the area of land that can be cultivated, land productivity and the production of corn produced. To support the program to expand the planting area and increase the crop index to increase corn production, it is necessary to support the use of appropriate mechanization technology and under site-specific conditions. Therefore it is necessary to introduce agricultural machinery to support the corn cultivation system to increase productivity, work efficiency, increase yields and improve the quality of results. In this activity the implementation and development of mechanization technology for corn and soybean cultivation is appropriate and by site-specific conditions at the demonstration plot scale in the corn and soybean production centers by taking into account the technical, economic, and socio-economic conditions of the local community. Indonesian Center for Agricultural Engineering Research and Development has developed a rotary and planting machine that can do soil treatment and planting seeds at once. This machine is equipped with a solid fertilizer application. But in practice, farmers rarely use liquid fertilizer for corn/soybean cultivation. Test results of tillage and planting of corn seeds: Work depth of 12.1 cm; spacing in rows 38.5 cm; spacing in rows of 70 cm; number of seeds per fall 2.2 items; percentage of empty holes 4.1%; work width is an average of 162.88 cm; average working speed of 2.31 km / h; average work capacity of 4.08 hours / ha; fuel consumption of 20.32 lt / ha
Eichornia crassipes Potency as Hyperaccumulator Macrophyte in Phytoremediation of Acid Mine Drainage Containing Zn
Authors: Alifa D , Moersidik SS , Priadi CR
Published: November 2019

Under present investigation, Eichornia crassipes (water hyacinth) has been tested in knowing the applicability of this macrophyte as phytoremediator of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) is utilized in analysing the accumulation of important heavy metal zinc (Zn) within plant tissues parallel with adaptive responses due to physiological and biochemical matters during exposure of actual AMD and artificial AMD having different concentrations (10, 20, and 30 mg/L of Zn) and extreme pH (3.0). There is slow-but-steady significant increase in pH along with no morphological symptoms in exposure of artificial AMD. Conversely, in 2-weeks exposure of actual AMD there is critical morphological symptoms due to its toxicity in exposure of multi-metals along with immediate increase in the first 3-days and slow decrease in 11-days after for pH value. The decreasing in Zn concentration for both actual and artificial AMD is occurred even in high level concentration. The final concentration of Zn did not meet the quality standard, so it needs to be a serial treatment with each treatment has 3-days in retention time. Overall this methodology is applicable for the removal of Zn in AMD that has single-metal or various-metals in any amounts that is negligible or under its lethal dosage.
Analysis of heating system on fluidized bed dryer for corn
Authors: Sukmawaty  , Hardiansyah  , Priyati A , Setiawati DA , Syahrul
Published: November 2019

This study aims to determine the heat produced from the heating system of the fluidized bed dryer on corn drying process and to calculate the thermal efficiency of the heating system. The method used was experimental with three variables of biomass of 3.5 kg, 4 kg and 5 kg. The corn initial moisture content of around 22% is used and the heating equipment used are a biomass furnace and heater. The parameters in this study are temperature, material moisture content, and thermal efficiency of heating system and biomass furnace. The biggest thermal efficiency of heating system at air velocity 12.19 m/s and material mass of 3.5 kg at 14.93%. The value of thermal efficiency of the largest biomass furnace system at air velocity 12.19 m/s and 3.5 kg material mass of 74.68%.
Assessment of the air quality parameter at Melaka: Jonker Walk and Surrounding Area
Authors: Ashraf Razali Nurul , Nurdiyana Wan Mansor Wan , Abdullah Samsuri , Albani Aliashim , Fakhratul Ridwan Zulkifli Mohammad , Sabri Mohd Ghazali Mohd
Published: November 2019

Melaka has been ruled by Portuguese, Dutch and British and well known with its historical background. Melaka also becomes an attraction for tourism; thus give positive impacts to local economies. Tourist, bus driver and the traders working along the main roads are amongst the people who affected with air pollution. In this study, data was collected at the Jonker Walk and surrounding area using VelociCalc/Q-trak 7575 by TSI. The measurement was taken at every 1-minute data for an interval of 60-minutes along the route. Data for carbon monoxide (CO) were measured using electrochemical method, while carbon dioxide (CO2) were measured using non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) technique. Other data such as temperature and relative humidity were also measured using the same instrument. Findings showed that the concentration of CO2 was the highest from 6.00 pm to 7.00 pm with a concentration of 934 ppm. The maximum median was found from 7.00 to 8.00 pm with 350 ppm, which was in the range of the ASHRAE limit. The highest value of CO was observed from 7.00 to 8.00 pm at 8.6 ppm with a median of 1.25 ppm. The 1-hour averaging time showed low concentration for CO level at 1.953 ppm which was below the acceptable limit of 35 ppm. Statistical analysis showed that there is no correlation between CO2 and CO. Moderate relationship exists between CO2 and temperature, CO and temperature and CO and humidity.These findings provide useful information for the tourists during their Melaka visit.
Thermal comfort study at Dewan Sultan Ibrahim, UTHM
Authors: Kamarul Aini M S , Wan Noor Hanani W Z , Mohd Arif R , Nor Haslina H , Nur Aini M A , Haris Fadzillah H
Published: November 2019

Thermal comfort is very important, especially in an auditorium. This study focusing on the sensation of thermal comfort at Dewan Sultan Ibrahim (DSI), UTHM. A person’s perception of thermal comfort is affected by environmental and personal parameter. The objectives of this study are to determine the responses of occupants regarding thermal comfort at DSI, field measurement on environment parameter, and compare with Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality 2010 (ACT 514) by DOSH (ICOP IAQ 2010 (Act 514)), Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality for Air-conditioned Building (SS554:2009) Singapore (COP IAQ Singapore (SS554:2009)), and America Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air- Conditioning Engineers Standard 55-2010 (ASHRAE Standard 55-2010). Measurement was done by using 4 in 1 Meter Kit device, while the subjective measurement was carried out by distributing questionnaire. Measurement of environment parameter shows the average temperature of 24°C and relative humidity, 65.17%. Metabolic Rate is 1.0 met and average clothing insulation is 0.49 clo. Based on the analysis of Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Percentage People Dissatisfied (PPD), the occupants perceived their thermal conditions as comfortable.
Analysis of indoor environment condition towards thermal comfort level in an air-conditioning office building
Authors: Safwan Md Jasman Md Eirfan , Ngah Nasaruddin Afiqah , Tuan Tee Boon
Published: November 2019

Office workers spend most of their time indoor with average of eight hours spent inside the office buildings. Therefore, the indoor environment condition will be one of the factors contributing to comfort level inside the building. Since air conditioning system is commonly used to maintain the indoor condition, the selection of appropriate and right capacity of the system is crucial. The purpose of this work is to conduct an analysis of the indoor environment condition towards the thermal comfort level inside office building. The case study building for this study is the Chancellery Building of Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) which is installed with the central air-conditioning system. The thermal condition was measured by using the thermal microclimate instrument. The parameters involved in this study include air temperature and humidity. Based on the data measurement, the temperatures were range between 25.7 °C to 26.2 °C while the humidity recorded is between 68.1% to 70%. Comparing with ASHRAE Standards 55 and ASHRAE Standards 62.1 the thermal and humidity condition fall outside of the comfort range.
Humidity control strategies in operation theatre Malaysia
Authors: Syafiq Syazwan Mustafa M , Yusop Fatimah , Amir Abdullah M D , Rahman M A A , Aini Mohd Sari Kamarul , Fahmi A R , Arif Rosli Mohd , Mohamed Sunar Norshuhaila , Hariri Azian
Published: November 2019

Hospital buildings are complex indoor facilities with variable uses and functions that are deals with a higher number of people. Therefore, the air-conditioning (AC) system should be used to keep good indoor air quality (IAQ) for patients and medical staff to meet comfort and health reasons. Operation theatre is one of the important and critical rooms in the hospital building. Usually, operation process will take 5 hours until 12 hours depends on the operation or patience condition. Operation theatres required 100% for fresh air intake and 100% for exhaust air. Therefore, this study analyses the indoor air quality in Operation Theater (OT) at Malaysia. Then focuses on the humidity control strategies using psychrometric chart. AC system and selected IAQ parameter been monitored to understanding the quality of air and energy usage. The result shows carbon monoxide (CO2), carbon dioxide (CO) and temperature (T) level were within the range stipulated in ASHRAE standard 62.1-2016 but relative humidity (RH) in operation theatre exceed the acceptable range. AC system showed the cooling energy usage as 90.1 kW and the heating required 5.6 kW in standard AC system operation. Psychrometric chart analysis to meet the desired temperature and relative humidity been proposed which contribute cooling energy usage was 95.9 kW and heating energy required 12.2kW. Recommendation alternative strategies to reduce cooling and heating energy been highlighted in this study.
Study on the preparation of Nylon 6 nanofibers by electrospinning on particle removal
Authors: Chen Xuan-Jun , Lin Min-Han , Chang Chang-Tang
Published: November 2019

In order to investigate the filterability of artificial fiber, salts were added to the fiber for particulate removal. In addition, nanofibers were prepared for particle filtration efficiency assessment, and Nylon 6 nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for analyzing the fiber characteristics. Furthermore, the single-factor experimental method was used to study the optimal material preparation method and operating parameters, including content of different salts (NaCl and KCl), with Nylon 6 nanofibers for particle removal. The particle removal efficiency of pure Nylon 6 nanofibers was about 95%. The removal efficiencies of Nylon 6 nanofibers containing NaCl and KCl were 99% and 98%, respectively. It was found that the removal efficiency of nanofibers was decreased with increasing content of salts in Nylon 6 nanofibers.
Modification of a wideband spectral-acoustic method for controlling stress state of a face space
Authors: Shadrin A V , Kontrimas A A , Voroshylov Ya S , Bondar V A
Published: November 2019

To control and manage a stress state of an underground working face space it is important to measure the components of actual stresses. Traditional method for relieving a core-sample with central drill is time and labour consuming and is characterized by a lack of accuracy. To improve these issues geophysical methods which do not interfere with mining are to be used for controlling stress state. Acoustic methods are less time and labour consuming. Justification of spectral-acoustic method modification for controlling stress state of a face space is introduced. It is done on the basis of the dependence of the acoustic signal of the operating equipment amplitude-frequency response median on average stresses. The acoustic signal is recorded in the entire sensitivity band of the geophone. The description of a flow chart and operating principle of intrinsically safe portable device for implementing the modification in mines on the seams dangerous on gas and dust and prone to sudden coal and gas outbursts and rock bursts are given. The device operates in three modes: determining amplitudes of background noise and setting signal amplification coefficient; controlling stress state while generating continuous acoustic signal produced by operating mining equipment (combined machine, drilling device, plough-type machine) into the massif; control of stress state during generation a discrete acoustic signal produced by artificial source (heavy hammer strokes) into a massif.
Researching acoustic radiation spectrum of the mining equipment used for controlling stress state of a face space
Authors: Shadrin A V , Abramov I L
Published: November 2019

The procedure for estimating harmonic spectrum components of vibroacoustic disturbances produced by operating equipment and sounding acoustic signals which appear during the rock failure caused by operating body of a combined machine, drilling bit, plough-type machine, pneumatic coal pick, or impact effect of a special mechanism for realizing the method of continuous control of a face space stress state with the help of spectral acoustic method was worked out.
Perspective directions of development of oil refining industry in the regions of Russia
Authors: Filimonova I V , Provornaya I V , Dzyuba Y A , Tagaeva A A
Published: November 2019

Russia is a key player in the global liquid fuel market and acts as one of the world leaders in the extraction and refining of crude oil, as well as in the export of petroleum products. But for a long period of time, the Russian oil industry specialized in production, and only in early 2010 the problem of the development of the oil refining sector received due attention. However, the refining industry is still lagging behind in terms of efficiency, which is reflected in several key quality parameters: the Nelson complexity index; the share of straight-run fuel in the production of oil refineries; production of high-quality fuel per ton of refined raw materials. In this study, the authors conducted a comprehensive analysis of the current state and structure of the oil refining industry in Russia. Also, on the basis of the clustering method, oil refineries were grouped in terms of maximum similarity of indicator values. In the course of the study, the authors conducted a comprehensive analysis of the current state and structure of the oil refining industry in Russia. The purpose of the study was in conducting a comprehensive analysis of the current state and structure of the oil refining industry.
Forecast of profits from oil production in Russia with regional features of the natural resource base
Authors: Filimonova I V , Komorova A V , Nemov V Y , Mishenin M V , Kazanenkov V A
Published: November 2019

One of the main difficulties in the formation and increase of revenues from hydrocarbon resources is the deterioration of the quality of the mineral resource base and changes in the geography of production. One can observe an increase in the depletion and water content of the fields, an increase in the proportion of highly viscous and high-sulfur oil; the share of stocks in hard-to-reach and infrastructural underdeveloped regions is growing. One of the tools for encouraging subsoil users to develop such resources is to ensure lower rates of deductions to state bodies. The study presents an improved methodological approach to estimating and forecasting state budget revenues from hydrocarbon resources. The main stages of development are investigated and the main trends of the system of tax deductions from oil production are revealed. Explained the use of an approach focused on the forecast of production indicators of production, taking into account the structure of the mineral resource base. The calculations showed the need to reform the system of formation of government revenues from hydrocarbon resources. In the structure of government revenues from hydrocarbon resources, there is a tendency to increase the role of the mineral extraction tax in comparison with the export duty.
Seismic monitoring of hydrodynamic impact on coal seam at interval hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Klishin V I , Taylakov O V , Opruk G Yu , Makeev M P , Sokolov S V , Teleguz A S , Tatsienko A L
Published: November 2019

The article proves the importance of using interval hydraulic fracturing of coal seam for gas emission stimulation. The authors suggest using equipment for taking measures to intensify gas emission during implementation of hydraulic fracturing. They assess rock condition before and after hydrodynamic impact on coal seam by means of seismic reflection technique.
Development of automated control system for the mineral processing plant in the process of modernization
Authors: Lyakhovets M V , Wenger K G , Myshlyaev L P , Shipunov M V , Grachev V V , Makarov G V
Published: November 2019

The experience of retrofitting the automated process-control system at the mineral processing plant in the conditions of reconstruction of the mineral processing plant LLC JV “Barzasskoye Tovarishchestvo” (Beryozovskiy) is considered. The automated process-control system (APCS), retrofitting goals and ways to achieve them are indicated, the main subsystems of the integrated APCS are presented, and the enlarged functional and technical structure of the upgraded system is presented.
Algorithmic structure of control system of mine winder electric drive with a doubly-fed motor
Authors: Ostrovlyanchik V Yu , Popolzin I Yu
Published: November 2019

Usage of doubly-fed electric machine is a promising means to modernize asynchronous electric drives of mine winders based on wound rotor induction motor. To ensure a wide range of speed regulation, typical of mine widers, while maintaining the critical torque of the machine and its overload capacity, it is necessary to control amplitude, frequency and phase shift of the auxiliary voltage on the rotor. Since the frequency and phase shift determine the additional voltage argument, and the amplitude determines its modulus, then the speed control by changing the module and the argument is a non-trivial task requiring a special structure of control system of mine winder electric drive, as well as special regulators, and the system is non-linear. This article discusses the construction of a functional structural diagram of electric drive control system based on a doubly-fed motor, which allows the indicated features of controlling the speed of a doubly-fed machine to be taken into account by changing the parameters of the auxiliary voltage on the rotor.
Continuous monitoring system for soil gas migration in leaking Oil and Gas wells
Authors: Yurkevich Nikolay , Michurin Evgeny , Yurkevich Nataliya
Published: November 2019

The cost of repairing leaking Oil and Gas wells is of major concerns for operators and regulatory authorities. After each intervention is completed, the success of repair attempt is measured at surface by various devices. The current monitoring procedure is recognized as labour intensive, requiring field personnel to physically travel to wellsite and manually measure gas concentration levels with expensive hand-held instrumentation. Due to complex nature of surface casing vent flow and gas migration mechanisms, continuous monitoring with a real-time data access is a new paradigm for analyzing the repair success. This article presents a cost-effective and efficient system prototype for continuously monitoring surface casing vent flow and gas migration of methane concentration levels.
Flares on the Sun and on other stars
Authors: Duckenfield Timothy , Broomhall Anne-Marie
Published: November 2019

Timothy Duckenfield and Anne-Marie Broomhall report from a meeting that explored the synergy between solar and stellar flares.
Population genetics shed light on species delimitation and life history of the Dyckia pernambucana complex (Bromeliaceae)
Authors: Pinangé Diego S B , Louzada Rafael B , Wöhrmann Tina , Krapp Florian , Weising Kurt , Zizka Georg , Polo Érico M , Wanderley Maria G L , Benko-Iseppon Ana M
Published: November 2019

In the Atlantic Rainforest located north of the São Francisco River (northeast Brazil), the humid enclaves called brejos de altitude play a significant role in the diversity dynamics of local flora and fauna. The related species Dyckia pernambucana and D. limae (Bromeliaceae) are characterized by their narrow endemic occurrence in such brejos, and their species status remains unclear. In order to understand the species delimitation in those assigned taxonomic entities, patterns of gene flow and genetic variability were calculated using nuclear and plastid microsatellites and AFLP markers. In this regard, we collected populations of the Pernambuco complex (D. limae and D. pernambucana, from the Borborema Plateau) and the closest relative D. dissitiflora (from the northern Espinhaço Range). Genetic diversity was moderate, despite the possible influence of genetic drift and selfing rates. Dyckia limae could not be undoubtedly discriminated from the remaining populations of Pernambuco, and we propose the synonymization of these species. Thus, the conservation of D. limae as a formerly single species would not reflect the conservation of the minimal gene pool of the studied lineage (D. pernambucana). We also propose the revalidation of the conservation status of this species, endemic to anthropomorphic island-like mountains environments. Finally, the associations found here were consistent with the historical patterns of colonization and fragmentation of the Atlantic Rainforest.
Comparative phylogeography, morphological boundaries and climate envelopes of two sympatric widespread Bromeliaceae from the southern Andes
Authors: Castello Lucia V , Chiapella Jorge O , Barfuss Michael H J , Till Walter , Quiroga M Paula , Premoli Andrea C
Published: November 2019

We studied the epiphytic species Tillandsia capillaris and T. virescens that grow as neotenic forms with autogamous and cleistogamous flowers. They have expanded in Andean mountain environments, where they grow sympatrically across most of their ranges in arid regions of Peru, central-western Bolivia and north-central Argentina and Chile. We studied the relationships between the two species and populations within each of them, the morphological boundaries and the climatic characterization of distinct genetic entities. We analysed 125 and 102 individuals from 25 and 27 populations of T. virescens and T. capillaris, respectively, by means of haplotype networks, phylogenetic and genetic structure analyses, using the plastid gene ycf1 (c. 4500 bp) to define genetic groups. Morphological studies by discriminant analyses and correlation with climatic variables extracted from WorldClim were used to test differentiations among the genetic groups within each species. We confirm that T. capillaris is a distinct entity and that T. virescens consists of three groups that diverged by vicariance from widespread ancestors. The high genetic diversity found in both species is consistent with the complex geography of the Andes and the Pleistocene glaciation cycles that have driven ecological speciation in both species reflected in the timing of divergence of the clusters.
Perceptions of primary care providers on TB care for migrants: a mixed methods study in Portugal
Authors: Tavares A M , Garcia A C , Gama A , Abecasis A B , Viveiros M , Dias S
Published: November 2019

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the main causes of death worldwide. In 2017, the proportion of TB cases among foreign-born individuals in Portugal was of 19%, and this proportion has been increasing. TB control among migrant populations largely depends on the role of the healthcare providers and their close contact with the patients. We aimed to explore the perspectives of primary care providers on the provision of TB care for migrant patients in Portugal.

Methods

An online survey and semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare providers from primary care settings in Portugal. Overall, 120 participated in the survey, and 17 were interviewed. Data from the survey and interviews were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectively.

Results

Many participants (36.9%) considered that migrants arrive at an advanced stage of TB disease, and the main reason referred was migrants’ unawareness of the disease and its symptoms. Moreover, half (50.0%) of the providers considered that migrants frequently interrupt treatment, mainly due to their mobility, which causes difficulties in follow-up, and their social isolation that hampers social support. Overall, three main barriers for migrants’ access and use of TB care were mentioned: migrants’ low socioeconomic status, great bureaucracy required to register at services, and obstacles to benefit from social protection. Providers also suggested more training to improve their cultural competence and updating training on TB care.

Conclusions

Our study have shown social and economic factors that must be addressed to improve migrants’ access and use of TB care. In addition, increased health literacy for migrants and more training initiatives for providers can also contribute to improve TB care for migrants.

Key messages

Perspectives from primary care providers in Portugal highlighted social, economic, and administrative obstacles hampering the provision of TB care for migrants. With this work we expected to contribute with evidence to improve TB care for migrant patients in Portugal.
Ice-storm damage to trees in mixed Central European forests: damage patterns, predictors and susceptibility of tree species
Authors: Klopčič Matija , Poljanec Aleš , Dolinar Mojca , Kastelec Damijana , Bončina Andrej
Published: November 2019

In northern temperate forests, ice storms are a common disturbance agent, though climate change may alter their occurrence patterns. Their impact on forest ecosystems is complex, as they influence both structure and processes. In 2014, an ice storm of high intensity and large spatial extent occurred in Slovenia, Central Europe, which enabled a detailed study of ice damage to individual trees across a broader spatial scale. Pre- and post-ice storm measurement data on 11 414 trees on 960 permanent plots were used to examine ice damage patterns on trees in the disturbed forest area (~8700 km2) to determine the predictors of ice damage to trees and to investigate the relative susceptibility of eight groups of tree species in mixed Central European forests. We used a novel approach to modelling ice-storm intensity across the region based on measured data on air temperature, precipitation amount and duration, precipitation intensity and wind speed. The ice storm damaged 31 percent of the analysed trees; high variability in the damage rate was observed across the disturbed area. For the tree species, a susceptibility to ice damage index (SI) ranging between 0 (no damage) and 1 (complete damage) was calculated based on terrestrial assessment of trees. Tree species differed significantly in susceptibility to ice damage: Abies alba (SI = 0.14) and Quercus sp. (SI = 0.11) were rather resistant; Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica and Acer sp. (SI = 0.23–0.28) were moderately to very susceptible; and Pinus sp. (SI = 0.62) was extremely susceptible to ice damage. Eight predictors and three interactions were included in an ordinal logistic regression model of tree damage: ice damage on trees depends mainly on ice-storm intensity, elevation and tree species, whilst tree dbh and social status, tree size and tree species diversity indices and slope were relatively less important. Our study illustrates the complexity of damage patterns on trees due to ice storms and the significance of ice-storm intensity and tree species as predictors when modelling ice damage on individual trees.
The importance of fishing opportunity to angler utility analysis in marine recreational fisheries
Authors: Young Erik G , Melnychuk Michael C , Anderson Leif E , Hilborn Ray
Published: November 2019

Managers of recreational fisheries make assumptions about what anglers value, often emphasizing factors directly related to catch. Evaluations that include both catch and non-catch aspects of recreational fishing, as well as the trade-offs between attributes that are trip-based and those that measure opportunity over a season, are rarely be incorporated into management objectives and the design of management frameworks. A study of two marine recreational fisheries in the United States, Pacific halibut in central Oregon and red snapper in northeast Florida, comprised local interviews and a limited survey of recreational anglers to evaluate the relative importance of catch rates, season length, and the uncertainty around early closures. National meeting reports, interviews, and stated-preference survey results suggested that angling opportunity in the form of longer seasons may be more important to anglers than either catch rates or the uncertainty that results from mid-season changes to fishery closure dates. Results suggest that researchers evaluating economic benefits to anglers should consider including opportunity attributes directly in angler surveys. Issues associated with limited sample sizes and a lack of intermediate attribute values limit the use of this study for direct regulatory guidance, but it instead offers a potential methodology to be applied in future analyse.
Drivers of male sound production and effective communication distances at fish spawning aggregation sites
Authors: Rowell Timothy J , D’Spain Gerald L , Aburto-Oropeza Octavio , Erisman Brad E
Published: November 2019

While monitoring fish sounds has enhanced our understanding of spatio-temporal patterns of spawning and acoustic communication, data interpretation often fails to account for environmental effects on acoustic recordings, resulting in uncertainty of whether measures of detected fish sounds correspond to rates of sound production, specific behaviours, and abundance. In this study, we applied acoustic propagation modelling and detection theory to estimate rates of sound production of territorial, male Gulf grouper (Mycteroperca jordani) from passive acoustic recordings and evaluate effective communication distances. To assess behavioural drivers, environmentally calibrated, hourly estimates of sound production rates were compared to diver observations of courtship, spawning, and numbers of females encountered within male territories. Rates of sound production increased before sunset and were correlated to observed rates of spawning and females encountered, indicating that sound production is largely driven by female presence and increased opportunities to spawn. The mean effective communication distance was estimated to be <21 m, supporting the importance of short-range communication within the observed behaviours. Our findings corroborate that fish sounds can be used to infer measures of reproductive activity and the relative abundance of both sexes during spawning periods once properly calibrated for environmental effects and detection capabilities.