bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Top 100 most influential manuscripts in erectile dysfunction
Authors: Minto Thomas , Bullock Nicholas , Brown Gareth
Published: February 2021

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition encountered by an array of subspecialists and is the most cited research topic within the field of andrology. This bibliometric analysis aims to identify the most influential papers that inform current clinical practice and likely shape future research. The Thompson Reuters Web of Science citation database was interrogated using search terms to cover the breadth of erectile dysfunction. Results were ranked according to citation number with country of origin, journal, topic, year of publication, author and institution also analysed. The search criteria matched 12,570 manuscripts. The top 100 highest citation ranged from 3013 to 161 (median 229.5). The most cited manuscript reports the prevalence and risk factors of ED within the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. The most manuscripts were published by the Journal of Urology ( n = 15) with a total of 7913 citations. Institutions from the USA contributed the majority ( n = 55) with the UK ( n = 14) second. The most common theme represented was epidemiology ( n = 46) followed by treatment ( n = 27). This analysis provides a list of the most influential manuscripts within ED and illustrates what can be considered a ‘highly citable’ paper. The most influential papers in Erectile Dysfunction remain seminal works from the end of the last century. The most cited manuscript has been cited 194 times in the last 17 months showing its continued value. Only one paper published within the last decade has reached the top twenty exemplifying the relative lack of novel influential publications.
Increasing Diversity in the Field of Lactation: An Interview With the Directors of Pathway 2 IBCLC Programs at Historically Black Colleges and Universities
Authors: Davis Rachel , Williams Janiya , Chetwynd Ellen
Published: February 2021

In this issue’s Lactation Newsmakers: Documenting our History, we are featuring two emerging leaders in the field of lactation. Rachel Davis and Janiya Williams are both International Board Certified Lactation Consultants and hold positions as directors for the only two Pathway 2 Lactation Consultant Training Programs in Historically Black Colleges / Universities. Rachel is Program Director for the Lactation Consultant Training Program at Johnson C. Smith University in Charlotte, North Carolina, while Janiya directs the Human Lactation Training Program at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University an hour and a half away in Greensboro, North Carolina. While their backgrounds are quite different, both women care passionately about increasing diversity and equity in the field of lactation support, as well as normalizing nursing for Black and brown families transitioning into parenthood. In this interview they speak to relationships they have developed with their students, their students have developed with each other, and the strength of community created within and between their programs. They describe the difficulties their students encounter with institutional racism within the medical system, and the additional preparation they receive to navigate it. Both programs experience high volumes of applicants—almost 350 for the 12 positions at Johnson C. Smith University—demonstrating the significant need for this curriculum in Historically Black Universities/Colleges. The importance of this model in diversifying the field of lactation cannot be underestimated, and the outspoken women doing this work will be influencers in this field for years to come. (RD = Rachel Davis; JW = Janiya Williams; EC = Ellen Chetwynd).
Corneal cross-linking for treatment of progressive keratoconus in a patient with Alport syndrome: A case report
Authors: Krolo Iva , Kasumović Aida , Radman Ivana , Pavić Pavao
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

Ocular features of Alport syndrome include anterior lenticonus, posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy, and fleck-and-dot retinopathy in most cases. Keratoconus in such patients has been rarely mentioned in previous studies. To our knowledge, this is the first report of corneal cross-linking for halting the progression of keratoconus in a patient with Alport syndrome.

Case report:

A 22-year-old male was referred for his initial corneal topography, after he was already prescribed with rigid gas-permeable contact lenses. Alport syndrome was diagnosed in his infancy and gene COL4A5 mutation was confirmed. Ophthalmological evaluation confirmed keratoconus. One-year follow-up showed a progression on his right eye and standard corneal cross-linking was performed. Stabilization of the disease marked by normalization in visual function and corneal tomography values was noticed 1 year after the procedure.

Conclusions:

When diagnosing ocular clinical findings of Alport syndrome, keratoconus should be considered. Standard corneal cross-linking protocol can halt its progression.
A 5-Factor Framework for Assessing Tobacco Use Disorder
Authors: Bucklin Matthew
Published: February 2021

Cigarette use is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Despite the well documented dangers of smoking, nearly 20% of adults report regular use of tobacco. A majority desire to discontinue but the long-term cessation success rate remains near 4%. One challenge to reducing the prevalence of tobacco use is an incomplete understanding of the individual correlates that reinforce continued use. Evidence from research on nicotine and tobacco suggests that Tobacco Use Disorder is a complex, and multifactorial condition. Personality traits, comorbidities, habits and lifestyle, genetics, socioeconomic status, and mental and physical health all contribute to the risk for dependence and to the likelihood of quitting. This perspective review provides an overview of some common factors that contribute to liability risk for Tobacco Use Disorder and a framework for assessing individual tobacco users. The framework includes 5 areas that research suggests contribute to continued tobacco use: nicotine addiction, psychological influences, behavioral dependencies, neurobiological factors, and social reinforcement. Nicotine addiction includes drug-seeking behavior and the role of withdrawal avoidance. Psychological and emotional states contribute to a perceived reliance on tobacco. Behavioral dependence is reinforced by associative and non-associative learning mechanisms. Neurobiological factors include genetic variables, variations in neurotransmitters and receptors, pharmacogenetics, and interaction between psychiatric illnesses and nicotine use and dependence. Finally, social reinforcement of smoking behavior is explained by a network phenomenon and consistent visual cues to smoke. A comprehensive assessment of individual tobacco users will help better determine appropriate treatment options to achieve improved efficacy and outcomes.
A Polanyian rationale for a liberal arts core curriculum
Authors: Fennell Jon , Simpson Timothy L.
Published: February 2021

What would we have the school teach? To what end? In the name of democracy, and building on the pioneering epistemology of Michael Polanyi, Harry S. Broudy, a leading voice in philosophy of education during the twentieth century, calls for a liberal arts core curriculum for all. The envisioned product of such schooling is a certain sort of person. Anticipating the predictable relativistic challenge so much on display in our own time, Broudy justifies the selection of subject matter (and thus the envisioned character formation and cultivation of moral imagination) by reference to the authority of experts in the disciplines. This response fails to fully repel the assault, thereby revealing the need for a dimension of Polanyi’s thought whose significance exceeds even that of the epistemology that Broudy so effectively invokes.
Work after retirement affects elderly mental health and behaviors in Addis Ababa
Authors: Bedaso Teshome Sirak , Han Buxin
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to determine the impact of being without a job post-retirement on mental health (depression, life satisfaction) and behaviors (alcohol and cigarette). A cross-sectional study was conducted on 330 Ethiopians aged 60–69. Compared to workers, retirees without a job reported higher depression, lower life satisfaction, and hazardous drinking ( d = .49, .39 and φ = .65, respectively). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that being without a job post-retirement was associated with depression and life dissatisfaction. Thus, greater emphasis has to be given to improve the mental health and behaviors of retired elderly.
A quality analysis of the YouTube video content on meniscus repair surgery
Authors: Sigonney François , Steltzlen Camille , Bouché Pierre Alban , Pujol Nicolas
Published: February 2021

Objectives:

The Internet, especially YouTube, is an important and growing source of medical information. The content of this information is poorly evaluated. The objective of this study was to analyze the quality of YouTube video content on meniscus repair. The hypothesis was that this source of information is not relevant for patients.

Methods:

A YouTube search was carried out using the keywords "meniscus repair". Videos had to have had more than 10,000 views to be included. The videos were analyzed by two evaluators. Various features of the videos were recorded (number of views, date of publication, "likes", "don’t likes", number of comments, source, type of content and the origin of the video). The quality of the video content was analyzed by two validated information system scores: the JAMA benchmark score (0 to 4) and the Modified DISCERN score (0 to 5). A specific meniscus repair score (MRSS scored out of 22) was developed for this study, in the same way that a specific score has been developed for other similar studies (anterior cruciate ligament, spine, etc.).

Results:

Forty-four (44) videos were included in the study. The average number of views per video was 180,100 (± 222,000) for a total number of views of 7,924,095. The majority of the videos were from North America (90.9%). In most cases, the source (uploader) that published the video was a doctor (59.1%). A manufacturer, an institution and a non-medical source were the other sources. The content actually contained information on meniscus repair in only 50% of the cases. The mean scores for the JAMA benchmark, MD score and MRSS were 1.6/4± 0.75, 1.2/5 ± 1.02 and 4.5/22 (± 4.01) respectively. No correlation was found between the number of views and the quality of the videos. The quality of videos from medical sources was not superior to those from other sources.

Conclusion:

The content of YouTube videos on meniscus repair is of very low quality. Physicians should inform patients and, more importantly, contribute to the improvement of these contents.
Yoga and Wellness—Key Insights from the Study on General Yoga Programme
Authors: Acharya Rabindra , Mahapatra Gopal P. , Acharya Kadamibini
Published: February 2021

Human beings have always strived towards excellence and progress since time immemorial. Industrialisation, automation and technological disruptions have led to increased comfort and quality of living of human beings and enhanced output, productivity and efficiency. Consequently, of late, health and wellness are receiving increased attention globally. Stress and stress-related diseases and workplace-related ailments have significantly increased over the last few decades and gained attention from society and industrial organisations. In the recent past, in the coronavirus pandemic context, wellness has been focused upon in many countries, communities and organisations worldwide. Yoga has been part of the Indian ethos for centuries. In this article, the authors discuss the General Yoga Programme (GYP), its broad coverage, and the impact it has had on the participants in terms of their wellness. With the help of a survey of the participants and linking it to relevant literature and research in the field, the authors highlight how GYP is a useful tool for enhancing various wellness dimensions. They recommend that GYP in its simplified form can be extended to the workplace; and also, HR professionals can play a facilitative role in the process.
Statewide implementation of high-fidelity recovery-oriented ACT: A case study
Authors: Herinckx Heidi , Kerlinger Alyssa , Cellarius Karen
Published: February 2021

Background:

Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) is a recognized evidence-based practice, but the use of Translation Science to ensure the broad implementation of high quality ACT services has not yet been fully explored. This single intrinsic case study explores how Oregon uses strategies identified through Translation Science to achieve statewide implementation of high-fidelity recovery-oriented ACT.

Method:

Multiple data sources were used to evaluate this implementation process, including ACT fidelity review reports, programmatic outcome data, a national ACT taskforce survey, and focus groups with program participants.

Findings:

In 2013, the Oregon Health Authority funded the creation of the Oregon Center of Excellence for Assertive Community Treatment to support the implementation of ACT. It also implemented administrative rules requiring an annual re-certification process with a minimum level of fidelity to the evidence-based model. Other implementation strategies included establishing an ACT Advisory Committee, quarterly reviews of implementation and outcome data, and trainings promoting the role of peer providers and related evidence-based practices.

Conclusion:

High-fidelity recovery-oriented ACT services in Oregon are maintained through multiple strategies, including codifying the minimum level of ACT implementation into state administrative rule, linking fidelity benchmarks scores to Medicaid reimbursements, and funding ongoing oversight, training and technical assistance through a statewide technical assistance center. Strict adherence to the ACT model has been a key to ensuring a uniform level of high-quality care across Oregon while incorporating additional evidence-based practices without compromising the integrity of the original model.

Plain language abstract:

Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) is a mental health program serving individuals with the most severe mental illness in the community. While ACT is an evidence-based practice, there is more research needed to explore how ACT is implemented and maintained in different settings. In 2013, Oregon implemented ACT statewide. The Oregon Center of Excellence for ACT was created to provide training and technical assistance to ACT teams and conduct yearly fidelity reviews. Oregon is among the few states who have attached funding to yearly ACT certification, uses community sizes to determine the size of the ACT teams, and the technical assistance center not only provides training but also conducts yearly review of fidelity to the ACT model. This case study will review the steps Oregon took to implement ACT, how it continues to monitor fidelity to the model and provide training and support, and focus on recovery orientation and integrating evidence-based practices. Continued support, training, and the linking of fidelity benchmark scores to program funding are the ways that Oregon makes sure that ACT teams are successfully implementing the ACT model to fidelity with recovery-oriented care.
Accurate and fast mitotic detection using an anchor-free method based on full-scale connection with recurrent deep layer aggregation in 4D microscopy images
Authors: Kitrungrotsakul Titinunt , Iwamoto Yutaro , Takemoto Satoko , Yokota Hideo , Ipponjima Sari , Nemoto Tomomi , Lin Lanfen , Tong Ruofeng , Li Jingsong , Chen Yen-Wei
Published: February 2021

Background

To effectively detect and investigate various cell-related diseases, it is essential to understand cell behaviour. The ability to detection mitotic cells is a fundamental step in diagnosing cell-related diseases. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully applied to object detection tasks, however, when applied to mitotic cell detection, most existing methods generate high false-positive rates due to the complex characteristics that differentiate normal cells from mitotic cells. Cell size and orientation variations in each stage make detecting mitotic cells difficult in 2D approaches. Therefore, effective extraction of the spatial and temporal features from mitotic data is an important and challenging task. The computational time required for detection is another major concern for mitotic detection in 4D microscopic images.

Results

In this paper, we propose a backbone feature extraction network named full scale connected recurrent deep layer aggregation (RDLA++) for anchor-free mitotic detection. We utilize a 2.5D method that includes 3D spatial information extracted from several 2D images from neighbouring slices that form a multi-stream input.

Conclusions

Our proposed technique addresses the scale variation problem and can efficiently extract spatial and temporal features from 4D microscopic images, resulting in improved detection accuracy and reduced computation time compared with those of other state-of-the-art methods.
Andersen’s utilization model for cataract surgical rate and empirical evidence from economically-developing areas
Authors: Lin Senlin , Ma Yingyan , Hou Zhiyuan , Congdon Nathan , Lu Lina , Zou Haidong
Published: February 2021

Background

Un-operated cataract is the leading cause of vision loss worldwide, responsible for 33% of visual impairment, and half of global blindness. The study aimed to build a fast evaluation method utilizing Andersen’s utilization framework and identify predictors of cataract surgical rate in sub-Saharan Africa and China.

Methods

The study was a cross-over ecological epidemiology study with a total of 19 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, and 31 provinces in China. Information was extracted from public data and published studies. Linear regression and structural equation modeling with Bootstrap were used to analyze predictors of CSR and their pathways to impact in sub-Saharan Africa and China separately.

Results

Cataract surgical resources in sub-Saharan Africa were linearly correlated with CSR (β = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.91), while GDP/P didn’t impact cataract surgical resources (β = 0.29, 95% CI: − 0.12, 0.75). In China, residents’ average ability to pay was confirmed as the mediator between GDP/P and CSR (p = 0.32, RMSEA = 0.07; βCSR-paying = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.90; βpaying-GDP/P = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.93).

Conclusions

In sub-Saharan Africa, CSR is determined by health care provision. Local economic development may not directly influence CSR. Therefore, international assistance aimed to providing free cataract surgery directly is crucial. In China, CSR is determined principally by health care demand (ability to pay). To increase CSR in underserved areas of China, ability to pay must be enhanced through social insurance, and reduced surgical fees.
Awareness of obstetric danger signs among pregnant women in the Democratic Republic of Congo: evidence from a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Nkamba Dalau Mukadi , Wembodinga Gilbert , Bernard Pierre , Ditekemena John , Robert Annie
Published: February 2021

Background

Poor awareness of obstetric danger signs is a major contributing factor to delays in seeking obstetric care and hence to high maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. We conducted the current study to assess the level of agreement on receipt of counseling on obstetric danger signs between direct observations of antenatal care (ANC) consultation and women’s recall in the exit interview. We also identified factors associated with pregnant women’s awareness of obstetric danger signs during pregnancy in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)

Methods

We used data from the 2017–2018 DRC Service Provision Assessment survey. Agreement between the observation and woman’s recall was measured using Cohen’s kappa statistic and percent agreement. Multivariable Zero-Inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression was used to identify factors associated with the number of danger signs during pregnancy the woman knew.

Results

On average, women were aware of 1.5 ± 1.34 danger signs in pregnancy (range: 0 to 8). Agreement between observation and woman’s recall was 70.7%, with a positive agreement of 16.9% at the country level but ranging from 2.1% in Bandundu to 39.7% in Sud Kivu. Using multivariable ZIP analysis, the number of obstetric danger signs the women mentioned was significantly higher in multigravida women (Adj.IRR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.23–1.55), in women attending a private facility (Adj.IRR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01–1.31), in women attending a subsequent ANC visit (Adj.IRR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01–1.21), and in women counseled on danger signs during the ANC visit (Adj.IRR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.05–1.35). There was a regional variation in the awareness of danger signs, with the least mentioned signs in the middle and the most in the eastern provinces.

Conclusions

Our findings indicated poor agreement between directly observed counseling and women’s reports that counseling on obstetric danger signs occurred during the current ANC visit. We found that province of residence, provision of counseling on obstetric danger signs, facility ownership, gravidity and the number of ANC visits were predictors of the awareness of obstetric danger signs among pregnant women. These factors should be considered when developing strategies aim at improving women’s awareness about obstetric danger signs in the DRC
The scale and structure of government financial investment in traditional medicine based on optimal efficiency: evidence from public traditional Chinese medicine hospitals (PTHs) of Henan province, China
Authors: Ren Weicun , Fu Xiaoli , Tarimo Clifford Silver , Kasanga Maisa , Wang Yanqing , Wu Jian
Published: February 2021

Background

Traditional medicine has been widely used to address relatively common illnesses. In this regard, Chinese government has been continually topping up its investments on public Traditional Chinese Medicine hospitals (PTHs) in recent years. This study aimed to assess the optimal scales and structure of the investments in Henan province by analyzing the contribution of Government Financial Investment (GFI) to the efficiency and revenue growth of PTHs as well as recommending proper investment strategies for implementation to policy-makers.

Methods

This study was a panel data study, conducted in Henan Province, China. By collecting 143 PTHs’ operational data from the year 2005 to 2017, Barro Economic Growth (BEG) model, Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model were used to assess the efficiency and PTHs revenue.

Results

The study observed the positive contribution of GFI to PTHs’ revenue growth (average MPG = 2.84), indicating that the GFI had not reached the required optimal level of “Barro Law”. In order to maximize the input-output efficiency, the scales of GFI on Grade III, Grade II A, Grade II B PTHs need to be increased by − 5.96, 4.88 and 11.51%, respectively. The third year following the first investment may be a more essential period for conducting an effective GFI evaluation in Henan Province.

Conclusions

GFI on PTHs usually has a long-term impact on PTHs. Governments can adjust its GFI policy so as to maximize the input-output efficiency.
Genetic spectrum and clinical early natural history of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Mexican children detected through newborn screening
Authors: Vela-Amieva Marcela , Alcántara-Ortigoza Miguel Angel , González-del Angel Ariadna , Belmont-Martínez Leticia , López-Candiani Carlos , Ibarra-González Isabel
Published: February 2021

Background

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) newborn screening is still a matter of debate due to its highly heterogeneous birth prevalence and clinical expression, as well as, the lack of enough knowledge on its natural history. Herein, we describe the early natural clinical course and the underlying GDPD genotypes in infants with G6PDd detected by newborn screening and later studied in a single follow-up center. G6PDd newborns were categorized into three groups: group 1: hospitalized with or without neonatal jaundice (NNJ); group 2: non-hospitalized with NNJ; and group 3: asymptomatic. Frequencies of homozygous UGT1A1*28 (rs34983651) genotypes among G6PDd patients with or without NNJ were also explored.

Results

A total of 81 newborns (80 males, one female) were included. Most individuals (46.9%) had NNJ without other symptoms, followed by asymptomatic (42.0%) and hospitalized (11.1%) patients, although the hospitalization of only 3 of these patients was related to G6PDd, including NNJ or acute hemolytic anemia (AHA). Nine different G6PDd genotypes were found; the G6PD A−202A/376G genotype was the most frequent (60.5%), followed by the G6PD A−376G/968C (22.2%) and the Union-Maewo (rs398123546, 7.4%) genotypes. These genotypes produce a wide range of clinical and biochemical phenotypes with significant overlapping residual enzymatic activity values among class I, II or III variants. Some G6PD A−202A/376G individuals had enzymatic values that were close to the cutoff value (5.3 U/g Hb, 4.6 and 4.8 U/g Hb in the groups with and without NNJ, respectively), while others showed extremely low enzymatic values (1.1 U/g Hb and 1.4 U/g Hb in the groups with and without NNJ, respectively). Homozygosity for UGT1A1*28 among G6PDd patients with (11.9%, N = 5/42) or without (10.3%, N = 4/39) NNJ did not shown significant statistical difference (p = 0.611).

Conclusion

Wide variability in residual enzymatic activity was noted in G6PDd individuals with the same G6PD genotype. This feature, along with a documented heterogeneous mutational spectrum, makes it difficult to categorize G6PD variants according to current WHO classification and precludes the prediction of complications such as AHA, which can occur even with > 10% of residual enzymatic activity and/or be associated with the common and mild G6PD A−376G/968C and G6PD A−202A/376G haplotypes.
Contraceptive method use, discontinuation and failure rates among women aged 15–49 years: evidence from selected low income settings in Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Bawah Ayaga A. , Sato Ryoko , Asuming Patrick , Henry Elizabeth G. , Agula Caesar , Agyei-Asabere Charles , Canning David , Shah Iqbal
Published: February 2021

Background

This paper provides estimates of contraceptive discontinuation and failure rates in a poor urban setting in Ghana. Contraceptive use is for the purposes of preventing unintended or mistimed pregnancies. Unfortunately, evidence abounds in many parts of the world where there is considerable levels of contraceptive failure and high levels of discontinuation resulting in unintended pregnancies.

Methods

We estimated discontinuation rates during a 12-month period since starting use by applying single and multiple decrement life table methods to the contraceptive calendar data collected in a survey of women in reproductive age of 15–49 years.

Results

Modern contraceptive method use was estimated to be 13.7% at the time of the survey. The results show that contraceptive method discontinuation vary markedly by type of contraceptive method but are high for almost all methods, except for implants (23.7%). Discontinuation rate for emergency contraception was estimated at 88.5%, withdrawal 87.6%, and male condom use 80.9%. However, discontinuation rates were moderately high for rhythm (63.6%), pills (65.6%) and injectables (56%). In terms of failure rates, overall contraceptive failure for all methods was estimated at 7.9%. The factors significantly associated with method failure include being within age bracket 40–44 years (OR = 0.3, p < 0.05), having secondary/higher education (OR = 0.4, p < 0.01), belonging to the richest household wealth scale (OR = 3.3, p < 0.01), currently in union with a partner (OR = 2.2, p < 0.01), and using contraceptive methods such as rhythm (OR = 5.6, p < 0.01) and withdrawal (OR = 3.7, p < 0.01). On the flip side, the odds for method discontinuation were significantly higher for women in their 20s and mid 30s, formerly in union (OR = 1.9, p < 0.05) and use of withdrawal method (OR = 1.4, p < 0.05) and lower for women formerly in union (OR = 0.4, p < 0.01) and use of implants (OR = 0.2, p < 0.01) and injectables (OR = 0.6, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

While contraceptives use is low, both discontinuation and failure rates are high and variable among different methods. Failure and discontinuation rates are lowest for long-acting methods such as implants while higher failure rates are more prevalent among women who rely on withdrawal and the rhythm methods.
Riscos de quedas em idosos e a COVID-19: Um alerta de saúde e proposta de exercícios funcionais
Authors: Souza Elenilton Correia de , Reis Noemi Moreia , Reis Sheila Maria Deusdete dos , Bemvenuto Rayssa Pereira , Ferreira Isabel Rodrigues , Rosário Renan  Wesley Santos do , Santos Maria José Bispo dos , Reis Samuel Santos dos , Oliveira Andrea Costa de , Araújo Karina Conceição Gomes Machado de
Published: February 2021

A COVID-19 causa uma sintomatologia diversificada e um risco eminente de morte, visto ainda que não há tratamento específico, nem tão pouco uma vacina preventiva para todos. A população deve seguir as orientações da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) e, a principal delas é o isolamento social. No entanto, essa medida traz um grande impacto no aspecto biopsicossocial dos idosos, resultando em um possível decréscimo da capacidade funcional. O envelhecimento é compreendido como um processo fisiológico irreversível, e com isso, acarreta prejuízos na autonomia e independência. Paralelamente a esse fenômeno, nota-se que as alterações anátomo-fisiológicas nos idosos são diversas, aumentando assim, a incidência de quedas. O isolamento social, pode ser um fator preponderante a acentuação das quedas em idosos e consequente sobrecarga do sistema público de saúde. Logo, os exercícios físicos funcionais são fundamentais para que esses indivíduos reduzam significativamente os impactos sistêmicos causados pelo envelhecimento e consequentemente as quedas.
Exploring the relation between modelled and perceived workload of nurses and related job demands, job resources and personal resources; a longitudinal study
Authors: van den Oetelaar Wilhelmina F. J. M. , Roelen Corné A. M. , Grolman Wilko , Stellato Rebecca K. , van Rhenen Willem
Published: February 2021

Aim

Calculating a modelled workload based on objective measures. Exploring the relation between this modelled workload and workload as perceived by nurses, including the effects of specific job demands, job resources and personal resources on the relation.

Design

Academic hospital in the Netherlands. Six surgical wards, capacity 15–30 beds. Data collected over 15 consecutive day shifts.

Methods

Modelled workload is calculated as a ratio of required care time, based on patient characteristics, baseline care time and time for non-patient related activities, and allocated care time, based on the amount of available nurses. Both required and allocated care time are corrected for nurse proficiency. Five dimensions of perceived workload were determined by questionnaires. Both the modelled and the perceived workloads were measured on a daily basis. Linear mixed effects models study the longitudinal relation between this modelled and workload as perceived by nurses and the effects of personal resources, job resources and job demands. ANOVA and post-hoc tests were used to identify differences in modelled workload between wards.

Results

Modelled workload varies roughly between 70 and 170%. Significant differences in modelled workload between wards were found but confidence intervals were wide. Modelled workload is positively associated with all five perceived workload measures (work pace, amount of work, mental load, emotional load, physical load). In addition to modelled workload, the job resource support of colleagues and job demands time spent on direct patient care and time spent on registration had the biggest significant effects on perceived workload.

Conclusions

The modelled workload does not exactly predict perceived workload, however there is a correlation between the two. The modelled workload can be used to detect differences in workload between wards, which may be useful in distributing workload more evenly in order prevent issues of over- and understaffing and organizational justice. Extra effort to promote team work is likely to have a positive effect on perceived workload. Nurse management can stimulate team cohesion, especially when workload is high. Registered nurses perceive a higher workload than other nurses. When the proportion of direct patient care in a workday is higher, the perceived workload is also higher. Further research is recommended. The findings of this research can help nursing management in allocating resources and directing their attention to the most relevant factors for balancing workload.
Elucidating the impact of obesity on hormonal and metabolic perturbations in polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes in Indian women
Authors: Dadachanji Roshan , Patil Anushree , Joshi Beena , Mukherjee Srabani
Published: February 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex endocrinopathy with heterogeneous presentation and multifactorial etiology. We have undertaken this case-control study to compare metabolic and endocrine characteristics in different phenotypic subgroups of women with PCOS and the impact of obesity on them. Women with PCOS (n = 489) were classified into 4 phenotypes according to Rotterdam criteria. Comparisons of clinical, biochemical and hormonal parameters were performed across all phenotypic groups of PCOS and with controls (n = 270) by Welch’s ANOVA with subsequent Games-Howell post-hoc test. We found maximum prevalence of normoandrogenic phenotype D, which is milder form of PCOS in terms of insulin resistance, gonadotropin levels and dyslipidemia, followed by phenotype A, in our total study population. After classification of the study group into lean and obese groups, only few insulin and lipid-related traits showed marked differences between phenotypes. Further, we noted that obese women showed adverse metabolic but not androgenic traits compared to lean counterparts in the same phenotype. Metabolic syndrome frequency is increased in hyperandrogenic phenotypes with HDL-C and waist circumference being most predominant contributing factors in total, lean and obese groups. We demonstrate that in our study population there is greater occurrence of phenotype D of PCOS. Our study highlights the importance of clinicians concurrently employing Rotterdam criteria along with obesity status for ascertaining accurate PCOS status and formulating suitable therapeutic intervention.
In silico screening and identification of deleterious missense SNPs along with their effects on CD-209 gene: An insight to CD-209 related-diseases
Authors: Kakar Mohib Ullah , Matloob Muhammad , Dai Rongji , Deng Yulin , Ullah Kifayat , Kakar Ihsan Ullah , Khaliq Ghulam , Umer Muhammad , Bhutto Zhoaib Ahmed , Fazlani Sarfarz Ali , Mehboob Muhammad Zubair
Published: February 2021

DC-SIGN receptor articulated by macrophages and dendritic cells is encoded byCD209gene and plays a role to activate and proliferate the T-lymphocytes in response of virus attack. The dysfunctional activity of DC-SIGN receptor because of missense SNPs can lead to cause dengue haemorrhage fever, HIV-1 infection etc. Out of 11 transcripts ofCD209, all missense SNPs of canonical transcript were retrieved from Ensembl database and evaluated by their deleteriousness by using Polyphen-2, PMut, SIFT, MutPred, PROVEAN and PhD-SNP together with stimulation of its complete 3D structure. 10 nsSNPs were chosen depending on both the significance value of nsSNP and their prediction among SNPs evaluating servers which are based on different algorithms. Moreover, the position and native role of 10 nsSNPs in wild 3D model has been described which assist to acknowledge their importance. This study urges the researcher’s community to experimentally validate these SNPs and their association in causing the diseases like dengue fever, Tuberculosis etc.
Spatial navigation with horizontally spatialized sounds in early and late blind individuals
Authors: Paré Samuel , Bleau Maxime , Djerourou Ismaël , Malotaux Vincent , Kupers Ron , Ptito Maurice
Published: February 2021

Blind individuals often report difficulties to navigate and to detect objects placed outside their peri-personal space. Although classical sensory substitution devices could be helpful in this respect, these devices often give a complex signal which requires intensive training to analyze. New devices that provide a less complex output signal are therefore needed. Here, we evaluate a smartphone-based sensory substitution device that offers navigation guidance based on strictly spatial cues in the form of horizontally spatialized sounds. The system uses multiple sensors to either detect obstacles at a distance directly in front of the user or to create a 3D map of the environment (detection and avoidance mode, respectively), and informs the user with auditory feedback. We tested 12 early blind, 11 late blind and 24 blindfolded-sighted participants for their ability to detect obstacles and to navigate in an obstacle course. The three groups did not differ in the number of objects detected and avoided. However, early blind and late blind participants were faster than their sighted counterparts to navigate through the obstacle course. These results are consistent with previous research on sensory substitution showing that vision can be replaced by other senses to improve performance in a wide variety of tasks in blind individuals. This study offers new evidence that sensory substitution devices based on horizontally spatialized sounds can be used as a navigation tool with a minimal amount of training.
Evaluation of sample pooling for screening of SARS CoV-2
Authors: Mulu Andargachew , Alemayehu Dawit Hailu , Alemu Fekadu , Tefera Dessalegn Abeje , Wolde Sinknesh , Aseffa Gebeyehu , Seyoum Tamrayehu , Habtamu Meseret , Abdissa Alemseged , Bayih Abebe Genetu , Beyene Getachew Tesfaye
Published: February 2021

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed the global public health importance of robust diagnostic testing. To overcome the challenge of nucleic acid (NA) extraction and testing kit availability, an efficient method is urgently needed.

Objectives

To establish an efficient, time and resource-saving and cost-effective methods, and to propose an ad hoc pooling approach for mass screening of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods

We evaluated pooling approach on both direct clinical and NA samples. The standard reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test of the SARS CoV-2 was employed targeting the nucleocapsid (N) and open reading frame (ORF1ab) genomic region of the virus. The experimental pools were created using SARS CoV-2 positive clinical samples and extracted RNA spiked with up to 9 negative samples. For the direct clinical samples viral NA was extracted from each pool to a final extraction volume of 200μL, and subsequently both samples tested using the SARS CoV-2 RT-PCR assay.

Results

We found that a single positive sample can be amplified and detected in pools of up to 7 samples depending on the cycle threshold (Ct) value of the original sample, corresponding to high, and low SARS CoV-2 viral copies per reaction. However, to minimize false negativity of the assay with pooling strategies and with unknown false negativity rate of the assay under validation, we recommend pooling of 4/5 in 1 using the standard protocols of the assay, reagents and equipment. The predictive algorithm indicated a pooling ratio of 5 in 1 was expected to retain accuracy of the test irrespective of the Ct value samples spiked, and result in a 137% increase in testing efficiency.

Conclusions

The approaches showed its concept in easily customized and resource-saving manner and would allow expanding of current screening capacities and enable the expansion of detection in the community. We recommend clinical sample pooling of 4 or 5 in 1. However, we don’t advise pooling of clinical samples when disease prevalence is greater than 7%; particularly when sample size is large.
Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on invasive pneumococcal disease in children under 5 years of age in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kozakova Jana , Krizova Pavla , Maly Marek
Published: February 2021

Introduction

The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of vaccination of infants with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children under 5 years of age in the Czech Republic.

Material and methods

The present study includes all IPD cases reported in children aged 0–4 years within the surveillance program in 2007–2017. The impact of PCV is analysed for five categories of IPD: cases caused by all serotypes, cases caused by PCV7 serotypes (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F), cases caused by three additional PCV10 serotypes (1, 5, and 7F), cases caused by three additional PCV13 serotypes (3, 6A, and 19A), and cases caused by non-PCV serotypes. To assess the impact of PCV, the study period was divided into the pre-vaccination period 2007–2008 and post-vaccination period 2009–2017, which was divided into three three-year parts: 2009–2011, 2012–2014, and 2015–2017. Analysis of differences between periods was based on the Poisson regression model where the population numbers were handled as an offset.

Results

The annual incidence of IPD in children under 5 years of age caused by all serotypes has had a downward trend since 2007: it dropped from 8.52/100 000 in 2007 to 2.67/100 000 in 2017, with slight increases in 2010 and 2013. All three post-vaccination periods show significantly lower (p<0.001) incidences in comparison to the pre-vaccination period, but they do not statistically significantly differ from each other.

Conclusions

IPD surveillance data in the Czech Republic show that after the introduction of PCV vaccination of infants, there has been a significant decrease in the IPD incidence of children under 5 years of age. Continued IPD surveillance is essential to monitor for possible post-vaccination serotype replacement.
Star Trek: Discovery, USA
Authors: Mittermeier Sabrina
Published: February 2021

Review of: Star Trek: Discovery, USA

creator Bryan Fuller and Alex Kurtzman, 2017–present, CBS
A válság hatásai a magyar kis- és középvállalati szektorban
Authors: Szabó József , Farkas Szilveszter
Published: February 2021

A szerzők 2009-ben és 2010-ben vizsgálták, hogy a hazai vállalatok milyen veszteségeket szenvedtek, mit tettek ellene, és milyen várakozásokkal tekintenek előre. Felméréseik fókusza Győr és környéke volt. 2009- ben a válság első pusztító szakaszát regisztrálhatták, az előrejelzések is pesszimisták voltak. 2010-ben megállapították, hogy a várakozások beigazolódtak, a válság valóban mélynek bizonyult. A cikk értékelő részében az egyes vállalatok helyzetét, intézkedéseiket a válság által meghatározott átlagos mintázathoz képest határozták meg, nyertesnek ítélve azt a vállalatot, amelyik ennél könnyebben, vesztesnek pedig azt, amelyik nehezebben viselte el eddig a krízist.
Vállalati kockázati faktorok az EU ETS-rendszerben
Authors: Nagy Tamás
Published: February 2021

Az Európai Unió az Egyesült Államok távolmaradásával vezető szerepet kapott a kiotói jegyzőkönyv kialakításában és elfogadtatásában. A tagállamok vállalásaik költséghatékony teljesítése érdekében létrehozták az európai emissziókereskedelmi rendszert (EU ETS), amely a világ legnagyobb szennyezésijog-piaca lett. A rendszer életbe lépésével a kötelezett vállalatoknak új kockázati elemmel kellett szembenézniük: az éves kibocsátásuknak megfelelő mennyiségű emissziós kvótát kell évente visszajuttatni a hatóságokhoz. Az emissziókereskedelmi rendszerben a vállalat év közben két kockázati faktorral szembesül: nem tudja előre megmondani, mennyi szén-dioxidot fog kibocsátani, és így azt sem, mennyi kvótával kell megfeleléskor rendelkeznie. Emellett az is bizonytalan, hogy a szükséges kvótamennyiséget milyen áron lesz képes beszerezni, vagy a feleslegeseket értékesíteni. A vállalat év közbeni állapotához képest veszít, ha év végén kvótafelesleggel rendelkezik, és az árak alacsonyabbak lesznek. Szintén veszteséget szenved el pozícióján kvótahiány esetén növekvő árak mellett. A cikkben a szerző egy eljárást ismertet, amelynek segítségével termék- és erőforrás-árakra támaszkodva előre lehet jelezni a vállalati emissziót, és bemutatja, milyen kvótamennyiséget érdemes tartani a várható értékéhez képest számított kockáztatott érték minimalizálása érdekében.
Exploration du concept de la reconnaissance au travail chez les répartiteurs d’urgence
Authors: Dufresne Catherine , Deschênes Andrée-Ann , Bastille Isabel
Published: February 2021

La présente recherche explore le concept de la reconnaissance au travail. Selon Brun et al. (2002), la reconnaissance au travail constitue une réaction constructive et authentique, de préférence personnalisée, spécifique, cohérente et à court terme qui s’exprime dans les rapports entre humains. À l’instar des résultats de l’étude de Toulouse et al. (2011), qui proposent que les préposés des centrales 911 souffrent d’un manque de reconnaissance important où 90 % des participants présentaient un déséquilibre effort/reconnaissance, l’objet de la présente recherche prend toute son importance. Plus précisément, cette étude qualitative explore des méthodes de reconnaissance qui font du sens pour les répartiteurs d’urgence. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, cinq centres d’urgence ont participé à l’étude. Les participants sont des superviseurs et des répartiteurs à l’emploi. Au total, 10 entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées. 90 % des participants sont des femmes et cumulent en moyenne 12,25 années d’expérience. L’entrevue semi-dirigée consistait à comprendre la réalité du métier de répartiteur et ses besoins de reconnaissance afin de les juxtaposer à la théorie. Un modèle exploratoire de reconnaissance au travail adapté à la réalité des répartiteurs d’urgence inspiré de la théorie de Brun et Dugas (2005) est l’extrant des analyses thématiques. Plus spécifiquement, le modèle exploratoire expose les différents niveaux possibles d’interactions croisées entre les acteurs de la fonction de répartiteur, par exemple, la reconnaissance du policier à l’égard du répartiteur ou encore, l’impact de la reconnaissance entre collègues. En somme, le modèle exploratoire extrait des résultats de cette recherche [...]