bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Space Distribution Pattern Research and Optimization Analysis of Rural Settlements in Yicheng City
Authors: Jiang Wen Lin , He Yu
Published: August 2013

This paper selected Yicheng City in Huibei Province as research areas to analyze space distribution characteristics of rural settlements. The results show that the scale of rural settlements in Yicheng City is rather small, and the differences between the settlements patches are very large. With the increase of buffer radius of roads and rivers, the settlements decrease gradually. On this basis, this paper provides suggestions for optimization of rural settlements in Yicheng City.
Keywords: Rural Settlement, Space Distribution Pattern, Optimization
A Thought about the Ecological Strategy in Layout Planning for a Northern Urban Residential District - Taking the Summit Residence for Example
Authors: Wang Juan , Lu Hu Ling
Published: August 2013

Based on the Technical Assessment Handbook for Ecological Residence of China and taking the Summit Residence for example, this paper studies and analyzes the ecological strategy for site selection, planning, landscape design, architectural design and other issues in the design of a residential district.
Modern Environmental Design of Feng-Shui Culture Ecological Analysis
Authors: Chen Xue Jie
Published: August 2013

Chinese geomancy Fengshui was the fundamental basis, norm and guiding ideology for site selection of environment, planning, design and building of a residence. Its effect scope showed a homology and similarity with the building goal and environment design. Long-term since, someone put feng shui as a kind of feudal superstition, and give the negate, others believe the praise highly of feng shui, vehemently. However feng shui as a kind of culture, historically have been enmities, which inevitably contains a some reasonable factors. Based on this, the author tries to from scientific point of view, make use of ecology theory to explore the Fengshui cultures scientific, hoping to reveal its rationality, and acquire the correct understanding of Fengshui culture. In this way, the paper attempts to establish an environment designparadigm with Chinese characteristics, which can guide the design of environmental art.This paper uses the ecological system theory in the residential Fengshui on to homestead,explores the external environment and reveals the existing in the residential Fengshui cultures scientific, thereby,we can correctly put forward reasonable views on the residential Fengshui culture.
Study on the Inhibitory Effect of Bayberry Tannin Extract on Anaerobic Fermentation
Authors: Ma Xing Yuan , Yang Xi Ping , Zhang Shu Fang
Published: August 2013

Concerning the treatment of tannery wastewater with high COD (chemical oxygen demand), the effective process is physical-chemical and anaerobic treatment. The core technology of anaerobic treatment is to test the performance of anaerobic degradation of organic matter, clarify the inhibitory effect and inhibitory mechanism of pollutant. In this paper, anaerobic degradation and inhibitory effect of bayberry tannin extract were studied. In the course of the experiment, the production of methane, the activity of sludge and the content of coenzyme F420 were been tested, the bayberry tannin extract and degradation products were been tested by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results indicated that the 50% inhibitory concentration of bayberry tannin extract is about 3.3 g/L, the anaerobic fermentation has been inhibited is owing to bayberry tannin extract has the inhibition on methanogenic activity of methanogens, the production of methane, the activity of sludge and the content of coenzyme F420 are getting lower and lower with the increase in content of bayberry tannin extract. The characterization of FTIR showed that the bayberry tannin extract has been degraded in anaerobic fermentation. These all indicated that bayberry tannin extract can inhibit the anaerobic fermentation, and the greater amount, resulting in stronger inhibition, in appropriate concentrations, bayberry tannin extract can be degraded by anaerobic fermentation. The results can provide guidance for anaerobic treatment of tannery wastewater with high COD.
Experimental Studies of CS Type UV Sterilizer for the Urban Sewage Treatment
Authors: Zhang Ji Ku , Li Yang Yang , Zhang Chen , Yang Yan Bin
Published: August 2013

By treating the secondary effluent of Sanbaotun sewage treatment plant in Fushun with the CS type UV Sterilizer, the experiment researches the influence on the removal rate which includes the factors of turbidity, chromaticity, initial E.coli concentration of raw water, UV dose. The results show that the turbidity does not influence on UV disinfection efficiency with the turbidity from 1.5NTU to 3.8NTU. In the low-dose UV disinfection process, the influent sewage turbidity should under 4NTU to ensure the disinfection efficiency. Low chromaticity does not affect the UV disinfection efficiency, with the influent sewage chromaticity is under 15 degrees.The initial E. coli has a certain impact on little doses of UV disinfection with the concentration from 175 × 104 A/ L to 230 × 104 A/ L, no impact on high doses of UV disinfection。
Development of an Integrated Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor-Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Duan Liang , Song Yong Hui , Jiang Wei , Hermanowicz Slawomir W.
Published: August 2013

Development of a MBBR-MBR has been investigated combining a moving bed biofilm reactor with a submerged membrane biomass separation reactor. Treatment efficiencies were found to be high with the production of a consistent high-quality effluent, irrespective of media fill ratio of MBBR or membrane reactor operating modes. There had some obvious fouling in MBR, MBBR and IFAS 3000, while no fouling were detected in IFAS 1500. The great difference indicated the media filling fraction have an important role and effect on membrane fouling. Traditional MBR and IFAS 3000 have more non-flocculating microorganisms in most time due to the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration. There had almost the same MLSS on media surface, independent of the volume of media and the MLSS concentration in each tank. The MBBR had more biomass enriched on membrane surface due to the dead end system.
Laboratory Experiments of Roofwater Treatment by Sand Column in Jinan
Authors: Deng Hai Yan , Wang Wei Ping , Bin Meng
Published: August 2013

To satisfy the requirements of high speed, large volume and high water quality for fracture-karst aquifer recharge by roofwater, sand filtration column was designed. Lab experiment of roof rainwater treatment by sand column was conducted to study the effect of roof rainwater purification in Jinan as pretreatment for fracture-karst aquifer recharge. The results show that the sand filtration column is effective in removing pollutants in roof rainwater. The average removal rate of turbidity reaches 87%, and the average removal rate of suspended solids is above 70%; the sand column is also effective in removing chroma, volatile phenol, Pb and Zn to a certain degree. However, it has a poor effect in removing ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. In addition, the removal of most pollutants such as turbidity, chroma and suspended solids mainly take palce in the upper layer, which needs to be replaced regularly.
Biological Aerated Filter Applied to Advanced Treatment of Ammonia Nitrogen in Wastewater from Hair Products
Authors: Tang Guo Min , Cao Peng , Wang Shuang , Chen Yun
Published: August 2013

Wastewater from hair products was the industrial wastewater typically hard to treat with high concentration ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and the low Carbon to Nitrogen (C/N) ratio. In this study ,a pilot-scale study was conducted on Biological Aerated Filter ( BAF) to deeply remove NH4+-N in wastewater from hair products, which aimed to provide technology support for hair products enterprises.The experiments showed that the optimal conditions of BAF was as following: the ratio of air to water was 19:1, the ammonia nitrogen volumetric load was 0.22 kgm3d-1, in this situation the removal efficiency of Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODcr) and NH4+-N were respectively from 25.0% to 32.5% and from 90.6% to 92.5%, the NH4+-N concentrations and CODcr in effluent were always under 12 mg/L and 100 mg/L respectively, which meet fully first class discharge standard requirement of Integrated wastewater discharge standard in china (GB8978-1996)(IWDSC). Moreover the experiment demonstrated that BAF returned to normal at the moment of 2.5 hours after the end of backwashing.
Research on Molybdenum Removal from Water Polluted for Drinking
Authors: Zhao Yu Hua , Jin Zi Yang , Yan Xu , Wang Xi , Wang Zuo Peng
Published: August 2013

Water polluted by molybdenum was treated with the process of pre-oxidation adsorption-coagulation-sedimentation-filtration. Powdered activated carbon can adsorb effectively low concentration molybdenum in water. Potassium permanganate can enhance the adsorption effect of activated carbon. The water treated was up to the Standard for Dinking Water Quality of China, in the condition of molybdenum concentration 0.95 mg/L-1.10 mg/L, turbidity <2 NTU and colority <15 units. And the treatment process is as pre-oxidation 30 min with potassium permanganate concentration of 1 mg/L, adsorption 30 min with powdered activated carbon concentration of 40 mg/L, coagulation 30 min with aluminium polychlorid of 40mg/L and polyacrylamide of 0.8mg/L, sedimentation 90 min, and filtration rate 4 m/h.
Research for Start-Up Experiment about IC Reactor to Treat Straw-Washing Wastewater in Straw Based Pulping and Papermaking
Authors: Zhang Hong Chao , Cui Yan Ping , Zeng Ke , Wan Xu Dong
Published: August 2013

In this paper, an IC reactor whose effective volume was 6m3 was used in the experiment to determine the best condition when decontaminating the straw-washing water produced in the straw-based pulping and papermaking industry. The best condition of IC reactor to treat straw-washing wastewater through experiment was: the pH should be controlled in the neutral range, not less than 6.6; the temperature should be maintained at about 31°C, not more than 35°C; the fluctuation range of volume loading should better not be over 15%; To meet the alkalinity of the reactor over 1000mg/L, the dosage of sodium bicarbonate was 12kg / d. In the processing of reactor treating straw-washing wastewater, COD removal rate was lower, and effluent VFA stayed at a high level continuously. So the hydrolysis-acidification process was more appropriate than anaerobic treatment when decontaminating the straw-washing water.
The Competition Mechanism between Green Space and Construction Land Based on Nonlinear Model - A Case Study of Suzhou
Authors: Xiao Xiang Dong , Dong Li , Zhang Qi Xiang
Published: August 2013

The nonlinear competition model simulates different cases and predicts the future competition between green space and construction land along time changes. The research indicates if the current development of construction land and green space continues, the green space is likely to decrease in the 10 years. In order to maintain an improving ecological environment, the rate of increasing construction land should be decreased by 50% and that of increasing green space should remain 0.47% annually. This is a positive development model which indicates a scientific significance of using the nonlinear competition model for the inner mechanism of simulating the dynamics of green space and reasonable arrangement of various land uses.
Research and Application of Ultrafiltration Technology in Micro-Polluted Water Resources Treatment
Authors: Li Gang , Hao Chun Hong , Jing Yu Ming , Liu Dao Xing , Li Yi
Published: August 2013

The characteristics of combined ultrafiltration technologies such as powdered activated carbon/UF, coagulation/UF, submerged ultrafiltration and the treatment effects of micro-polluted water resources are introduced. And the influence of the addition of PAC or coagulant on membrane flux is also summarized and analyzed. At last, the development of combined ultrafiltration technologies is prospected, and the research points and directions are indicated.
Evaluation of the Adsorption of Cr(VI) by Modified Bamboo Shells
Authors: Jiang Xin Long , Jiang Yi Hua
Published: August 2013

The adsorption of Cr(VI) by modified Bamboo shell has been investigated using chemical methods and IR spectrometry. The optimal condition for the adsorption of Cr(VI) by modified Bamboo shell is at 298 K and pH = 1.0, which gives a static saturated adsorption capacity of 12.68 mg·g-1, an apparent adsorption rate constant of k298 = 9.56 × 10-4 s-1, and an apparent adsorption activation energy of 7.38 kJ·mol-1. The adsorption follows the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the liquid film diffusion is the controlling process of the adsorption. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters are ΔH = 66.04 kJ·mol-1, ΔS = 0.2974 kJ·mol-1·K-1, ΔG = −22.58~−28.52 kJ·mol-1. The anions HPO42-, H2PO4- and SO42- have negligible influence on the adsorption capacity. Small amount of desorption is observed only at pH > 11. The adsorption of Cr(VI) by modified bamboo shell is mainly a chemical process.
Removal of Sulfamethoxazole and Erythromycin from Aqueous Solution by O3/H2O2
Authors: Liu Jian Guang , Sun Qiu Yue , Zhang Yan Hao , Sun Cui Zhen , Jia Xiang Feng , Song Wu Chang
Published: August 2013

The performance of sulfonamide and macrolide antibiotics in a spiked water removed by O3 and O3/H2O2 was evaluated uder different conditions such as ozone dosage, pH and H2O2/O3 mole ratio. The results showed that O3 and O3/H2O2 were proved to be effective to oxdize sulfamethoxazole of sulfonamides containing the aromatic ring and erythromycin of macrolides, which were built of mostly saturated hydrocarbon structure, and O3 was preferentially to oxidize sulfamethoxazole. With the reaction time of 30 min, when the ozone cocentrations were 2mg/L and 3mg/L, sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin removal efficiency was 93% and 91%, respectively. The sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin were removed completely within 30 min with ozone 6 mg/L. Degradation of sulfamethoxazole containing unsaturated C-C bonds occured easier at low pH only by O3. Degradation of erythromycin with fully saturated structure was difficult, but the improved removal efficiency could be obtained at higher pH. The high concentratins of H2O2 to ozonation was favor to remove those antibiotics. At the 0.5 mole ratio of H2O2/O3 ,the highest removal efficiency could be reached for all the antibiotics .
A Pilot-Scale Study on Start-Up and Operation of Biofilter with Composite Media
Authors: Wu Dao Ji , Wang Yan Jie , Zhai Xue Dong , Cheng Xiao Xiang
Published: August 2013

According to the characteristic of high ammonia nitrogen concentration of Huaihe River in winter, a pilot-scale test was studied in this paper. This paper compared the start-up and operation performance of zeolite biofilter, quartz sand + activated carbon biofilter and zeolite + activated carbon composite biofilter in lower temperature. The results show that three kinds of biofilters for NH4+-N have high remove effects. Average removal rate of zeolite biofilter, quartz sand + activated carbon biofilter, zeolite + activated carbon composite biofilter for NH4+-N were 73%,64% and 78% and effluent NH4+-N concentration were 0.31mg/L,0.24mg/L,0.21mg/L. Average CODMn removal rate of three kinds of biofilters were 5%,13% and 28%. Zeolite + activated carbon composite biofilter does not exist to NO2-N accumulation phenomenon and showed good ability to start-up and running.
Research on Disinfection By-Products in Water Distribution System of a Northern City
Authors: Zhang Xin Yu , Fu Ying , Qiu Li Ping , Yu Yan Zhen
Published: August 2013

Halogenated trihalomethanes (THMs) is a major kind of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) usually found in waters disinfected with chlorine. Because of concerns over the health effects of DBPs, the formation and change of DBPs precursors from two water pipelines in a northern city in China was investigated. Ten monitoring sites were set in water distribution system to study THMs and its composition. The results show that THMs concentration in the pipeline changed with seasons, the range was 90-212μg/L, and THMs concentration fluctuated greatly at three sites.
Dynamic Adsorption Characteristics of the Modified Activated Carbon for 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Authors: Wang Xiao Lian , Ju Zhi Jie , Huang Xue Ping , Xu Fei Jin
Published: August 2013

The dynamic adsorption experiment of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) to the modified activated carbon (MAC) was studied.The experimental results show that the dynamic adsorption effect of MAC for 2,4,6-TCP is favorable, and the penetrative point is 33h, the balance point is 99h. In addition, Yoon-Nelson model can accurately predict the penetration characteristics of 2,4,6-TCP solution on the modified activated carbon column, where ln[Ci/C0-Ci] and t keep a good linear relationship, and the correlation coefficient R2= 0.9727. Time t of 50% penetration concentration, penetration point t1 ,and balance point t2 calculated by Yoon-Nelson model fit with the experimental datas well.
Research on Treatment Process for Chemical Agent VX Polluted Water by Enhanced Coagulation
Authors: Wang Xiao Jie , Li Xiao Jing , Wang Shuang , Ji Yun Zhe
Published: August 2013

The influences of coagulant species, dose, water turbidity, and pollution situation of raw water on the results of enhanced coagulation have been investigated targeted at water contaminated by chemical agent. Ferric trichloride and polymeric aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) acted as coagulant, poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (HCA) worked as coagulant aid and paraoxon acted as simulation agent of chemical agent VX in this process. The results show that: enhanced coagulation process cannot remove effectively chemical agent (paraoxon) in raw water; the result of treatment by PAFC and PAFC+HCA is better than that by FeCl3 and FeCl3+HCA; the addition of certain amount of HCA based on the condition that coagulant has been added will improve removal rate of both chemical agent and turbidity; the bigger the turbidity of raw water is, the higher the removal rate of paraoxon will be.
Application of a Magnetic Resin (MIEX) in Raw Water
Authors: Ma Jian Wei , Song Ya Rui
Published: August 2013

The objective of this research was to compare enhanced coagulation with anion exchange for removal of natural organic matter (NOM) and bromide. Treatment with a magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX) was the primary focus of this study. The performance of the magnetic ion exchange resin,MIEX, in the treatment of raw water was investigated. MIEX can effectively remove UV-absorbing substances DOC. The removal of organic substances is accompanied by the elimination of other undesirable components, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. The optimal process parameters are at resin doses of 5-10 mL L1and contact time of 10-15 min, as determined via jartests. Based on this study, MIEX treatment is a suitable and efficient pretreatment method for the removal of extra dissolved organic matters and nitrates in raw water .
Study of Water Conservation Evaluate for Green Building
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yang Yun
Published: August 2013

Green building is being paid more attention at present with the development of resource economizing social, and there are wider development space for water conservation technology. Water conservation evaluation is accordingly becoming an important part in green building study. A green residential area, which including a series of water conservation project is selected as a study case. With evaluating its water conservation of incremental cost, rainwater utilization and comprehensive benefit, the paper aims at consulting on the investment decision in green building’s water conservation technology to reduce the environmental impact on the earth due to water consumption and wastewater discharge.
Absorptive Extraction of Pb by Cattail Plant
Authors: Tang Chun Fang , Li Yong Li
Published: August 2013

A kind of cattail (Typhaorientalis Presl) were collected from a tailings of Pb mine and cultivated in a hydroponic solution containing different concentrations of Pb (NO3)2 in order to identify whether T.orientalis is potential for phytoremediation of Pb. The results showed that cattail collected from the Pb mine had a strong accumulation of Pb: the average Pb concentrations in the leaves and roots are 619 mg kg-1 and 1233 mg kg-1, respectively; the translocation factors were high ranging from 0.48 to 0.52; the growth of this cattail was not affected by Pb up to 300 mg L-1. The Pb concentrations in the leaves and roots increased with the increase of Pb level in the nutrient solution and the maximum Pb concentrations in the leaves and roots were 16190 mg kg-1 and 64405 mg kg-1, respectively. This study suggests that T.orientalis could accumulation Pb with great efficiency and is potential for phytoremediation.
Environmental Acidification due to Soil Acid Changes of Different Land Use Patterns
Authors: Shen Yue , Yi Yan Li
Published: August 2013

A survey was carried out to investigate the acidification due to acid changes of different land use patterns. The results showed that soil acidification happened in the arable land and forest land in topsoil of 0~10 cm depth, 0.42 and 0.24 pH unit-1 lower than that of in 80~100 cm depth. The lowest cation exchange capacity (CEC) (11.99 cmol·kg-1) was got in the topsoil of paddy soil, while the highest one was in the topsoil of grassland with 19.26 cmol·kg-1. A catastrophe point of cation exchange capacity of soils was found between 20~30 cm except for orchard soil. Organic matter in forest soil decreased sharply by 2.21% in 0~10 cm as compared with that of in 80~100 cm and little decrease about 0.97% was found in the orchard soil. The pH and magnetic susceptibility showed similar variation trend. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that there was a negative relationship between pH and low magnetic susceptibility. Our results also showed that the free iron, low magnetic susceptibility and amorphous ferric oxide were the main factors on the changes of pH in the arable land and forest soil, grassland and paddy soil, and the orchard soil, respectively.
Urban Sustainable Development Evaluation Index System of Ecological Civilization Construction - A Case Study of Tianjin City
Authors: Zhang Hong Wu , Lan Zi Rui
Published: August 2013

Urban sustainable development is a compound system (consisted of urban economy, social background, natural environment and urban civilization) whose core lays on the minimalization of environment pollution and the cost of natural resources without impairing urban economy and life quality. It aims to achieve a harmonious development between society, economy, environment and resource, and to keep a virtuous ecological cycle as well. Based on this theory, this paper divided the urban sustainable development system into four sub-systems, namely, economy, society, nature and civilization, with a corresponding evaluation index system set. Further, by applying entropy evaluation method, the actual level of Tianjin sustainable development was evaluated. According to research result, though fast sustainable development has been achieved, Tianjin still has the tendency to slow down, so positive measures should be taken to incent a harmonious and swift development of each sub-systems and to maintain a stable and consistent development of Tianjin.
Polycarbonate Daylighting Performance on the Top-Lit Building
Authors: Chung Yu Gun , Seo Soo Yeon
Published: August 2013

This study evaluates the daylighting performance of a polycarbonate as a substitute for glass on top-lit buildings. For the study, the polycarbonate types and properties are analyzed and simulation tests are performed based on DF(daylight factor, %). As results, 16mm flat-plated, saw-blade and the diamond-type polycarbonate window are recommended as substitutes for window glasses. Also, when developing the polycarbonate as the top-lit buildings, it is advisable to apply the saw-blade and diamond-types to establish the direction of development.
Eutrophication Problems of Recycled Water for Landscape Water and Ecological Restoration
Authors: Li Gang , Hao Chun Hong , Jing Yu Ming , Liu Dao Xing , Li Yi
Published: August 2013

As the high background values of nutrients poor self-purification capacity, Landscape Water with reclaimed water as water easily happen water eutrophication, finally lead to water blooms. This paper reviews progress of the reuse of reclaimed water for landscape water, detailed analysis the cause of landscape water eutrophication. For algal blooms, ecological restoration research on the eutrophication landscape water in recent years is summarized, such as phytoremediation, animal remediation and microbial remediation.
Effect of Release Temperature from Three Gorges Reservoir on the Procreation of Chinese Sturgeons
Authors: Lu Shan Shan , Dai Ling Quan , Dai Hui Chao , Mao Jing Qiao
Published: August 2013

Chinese sturgeon is the national list endangered fish species. Since the construction of the Gezhouba dam in 1981, the migration of Chinese sturgeon for procreating to upstream of the Yangtze River has been blocked which cause the only spawning ground was left locating in a narrow zone downstream close to the dam site. The procreation of Chinese sturgeons need suitable ecological factors, including temperature, hydrology, sediment and so on, but after impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), the environment have changed a lot that brings a great threaten to the Chinese sturgeons. In this paper, based on previous hydrodynamics and thermal coupled model of TGR, three different scenarios including dry, normal and wet year is simulated to access the influences of release temperature from TGR on procreation of Chinese sturgeons. The result indicates that due to the weak stratification of the TGR, the release temperature changes compared to natural river water temperature, as a result, the time of the procreation is slightly delayed in different scenarios because the release temperature is higher than the upper bound temperature for spawning, of which the days been delayed is about 14 in dry years, 13 in normal years and 5 in wet years, respectively, so temperature becomes a limiting factor to the procreation of Chinese sturgeons.
Coordination Measurement and Analysis Between Construction Industry Development and Resource-Environment in Liaoning Province from 2004-2011
Authors: Qi Bao Ku , Li Ke Bo , Liu Xia , Zhao Lu
Published: August 2013

Abstract. On the background of related statistical data of Liaoning Province from 2004 to 2011,this dissertation offered a comprehensive analysis relating construction industry development to resource-environment through a coordination model,which supplied empirical studies for construction industry and resource-environment of Liaoning province.The research result shows that the coordination degree and coordination development degree between construction industry and resource-environment in Liaoning province increased gradually from 2004 to2010,but began to decline after 2010,the coordinated development situation is not optimistic.In the end,it mentioned several solutions and suggestions which can promote to this coordinated development in the field of construction industry.
A Post-Occupancy Evaluation of the Outdoor Environment of the Tahiti Villas in Kunming District
Authors: Chen Hong Yu , Wang Dong , Zhao Neng , Zhu Shu Guo
Published: August 2013

The construction industry in China has undergone continuous development over the past decades. In relation to this, the quality of the outdoor environment in China has received increased research attention. This paper takes the Tahiti Villas located in Kunming District as a case study, using post-occupancy evaluation to identify and evaluate the main factors affecting the activities of the residents. The results indicate that humanistic design is mainly reflected in the concern for the user exhibited by the design. Thus, giving users primary importance can satisfy the design goals of rational expression.
Secretory IgA Induces Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells through SIGNR1 Dampening Autoimmunity in Mice
Authors: Diana Julien , Moura Ivan C. , Vaugier Céline , Gestin Aurélie , Tissandie Emilie , Beaudoin Lucie , Corthésy Blaise , Hocini Hakim , Lehuen Agnès , Monteiro Renato C.
Published: August 2013

IgA plays ambivalent roles in the immune system. The balance between inhibitory and activating responses relies on the multimerization status of IgA and interaction with their cognate receptors. In mucosal sites, secretory IgA (SIgA) protects the host through immune-exclusion mechanisms, but its function in the bloodstream remains unknown. Using bone marrow–derived dendritic cells, we found that both human and mouse SIgA induce tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) following binding to specific ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin receptor 1. This interaction was dependent on Ca2+ and mannose residues. SIgA-primed DCs (SIgA-DCs) are resistant to TLR-dependent maturation. Although SIgA-DCs fail to induce efficient proliferation and Th1 differentiation of naive responder T cells, they generate the expansion of regulatory T cells through IL-10 production. SIgA-DCs are highly potent in inhibiting autoimmune responses in mouse models of type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. This discovery may offer new insights about mucosal-derived DC immunoregulation through SIgA opening new therapeutic approaches to autoimmune diseases.
Current research, part B
Authors:   Geological Survey of Canada
Published: August 2013

The colonial corals Favistina honoratensis n. sp. and Saffordophyllum sp. A date the Honorat Croup rocks of the Mount Saint Joseph area, Gaspé, Québec as Late Ordovician. The close relationship between Palaeophyllum, Favistma, and Cyathophylloides is
demonstrated by a series of gradually developing Late Ordovician loosely fasciculate to cateniform growth forms of Palaeophyllum vaurealensis Twenhof el from the Vauréal Formation of Anticosti Island through tightly fasciculate colonies of P. clion n. sp. and cerioid Cyathophylloides lyterion
n. sp. from the overlying Ellis Bay Formation.
Neogene and Quaternary quantitative palynostratigraphy and paleoclimatology from sections in Yukon and adjacent Northwest Territories and Alaska
Authors: White J M , Ager T A , Adam D P , Leopold E B , Liu G , Jetté H , Schweger C
E
Published: August 2013

A quantitative pollen and spore zonation for the Neogene and Quaternary of Yukon, western Northwest Territories and central and northern Alaska has been assembled from seven sections and one borehole. The palynological spectra from 163 samples from these sections
were grouped and averaged within the groups to produce twenty-one composite spectra that depict the long-term pattern of vegetation change. The oldest record included in the study is estimated to be within the late Early Miocene (ca. 18.3 Ma) and the record extends to the late Quaternary.
Pollen and spores are grouped and summed by environmental tolerances and physiognomy of the modern families and genera of plants to which they are related. Using these groups, pollen and spore ratios are drawn to track environmental parameters - temperature, forest canopy cover, and paludification
of the study sites. Biostratigraphic and paleoecological patterns are explained in terms of known changes in global climate and the climatic effects of regional tectonics. Six assemblage zones and five subzones are proposed to describe the palynological succession.
Geology of the northeastern Niddery Lake map area, east-central Yukon and adjacent Northwest Territories
Authors: Cecile M P
Published: August 2013

The northeastern Niddery Lake map area is underlain by autochthonous North American strata. These include uppermost Proterozoic shallow- and deep-water strata, the edge of the Lower Cambrian Blackwater Platform and adjacent Selwyn Basin, Middle Cambrian to
Silurian basin strata deposited on the Niddery submarine high, and Middle Devonian to Carboniferous strata deposited in the middle of a major foredeep clastic basin that stabilized at the end of the Paleozoic with a complex of shallow- and deep-water strata. Lower Paleozoic rocks include significant
volumes of alkaline volcanic and volcanoclastic strata. In this bulletin, twenty-seven mappable units in four different facies zones are identified and ten new formations within them described: Algae Lake, Old Cabin, Elmer Creek, Hailstone, Misfortune, Thor Hills, Hawthorne Creek, Heritage Trail,
Keele Creek, and Fourway. The "tectonostratigraphic map unit" is defined for the first time. The northeastern part of the Niddery Lake map area comprises three major structural complexes: Mackenzie Fold Belt, Rogue Décollement Complex, and Keele Thrust Belt. The Mackenzie Fold Belt contains
open to tight folds and thrusts and is shortened by approximately 20 per cent. The Rogue Décollement Complex is shortened by more than 80 per cent and is made up of small folds with amplitudes three to five times their wavelength. In the complex, fold axes bend northwest in association with the
northwest-trending Macmillan
Paint by numbers
Authors: Greyling Franci
Published: August 2013

No abstract available
Effects of diurnal temperature range and seasonal temperature pattern on the agronomic traits of fibre flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Authors: Yang Fei , Liu Fei-hu , Rowland Gordon
Published: August 2013

Yang, F., Liu, F.-h. and Rowland, G. 2013. Effects of diurnal temperature range and seasonal temperature pattern on the agronomic traits of fibre flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1249–1255. Three cultivars of fibre flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), Viking, Argos and Ariane, were used to study the effect on various agronomic traits of diurnal temperature ranges (DIF) and seasonal temperature patterns (STP) applied throughout the crop growth period. Diurnal temperature ranges were set at 5, 10 and 15°C with the same daily mean temperature and accumulated growing degree days (GDDa), under a parabolic STP. Seasonal temperature patterns were set following parabolic, anti-parabolic and quasi-horizontal configurations with DIF set at 10°C. The results showed that DIF or cultivar had a significant influence on the biomass, plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), length of technical stem (LTS), weight of technical stem (WTS), fibre weight (FW), fibre content (FC) and seed weight per pot (SWp). Seasonal temperature pattern also had a significant influence on these traits except for WTS and FW. Significant interactions were observed between DIF and cultivar, affecting all traits with the exception of FW, and between STP and cultivar, affecting biomass, PH, SD and WTS. Diurnal temperature range set at 10°C was optimal for biomass, PH, SD, LTS, WTS, and FW, while DIF set at 5°C benefited FC and SWp. Among the different STP configurations, anti-parabolic pattern was optimal for biomass, PH, SD, LTS and FC, and the quasi-horizontal pattern best fit SWp. In conclusion, the combination of DIF set at 10°C and anti-parabollic STP provided the most favorable temperature conditions for fibre flax growth, which is the situation with winter flax production in Yunnan, China.
Pollen-mediated gene flow between glyphosate-resistant Brassica napus canola and B. juncea and B. carinata mustard crops under large-scale field conditions in Saskatchewan
Authors: Séguin-Swartz Ginette , Beckie Hugh J. , Warwick Suzanne I. , Roslinsky Vicky , Nettleton Jacqueline A. , Johnson Eric N. , Falk Kevin C.
Published: August 2013

Séguin-Swartz, G., Beckie, H. J., Warwick, S. I., Roslinsky, V., Nettleton, J. A., Johnson, E. N. and Falk, K. C. 2013. Pollen-mediated gene flow between glyphosate-resistant Brassica napus canola and B. juncea and B. carinata mustard crops under large-scale field conditions in Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1083–1087. A Saskatchewan study examined hybridization between two mustard (Brassica juncea and B. carinata) crops that were either adjacent to a glyphosate-resistant canola (B. napus) crop or separated by a 5-m strip. Overall, field hybridization levels, detected with glyphosate resistance and species-specific AFLP markers, were low: 0.024% and up to 400 m in the adjacent B. juncea field and 0.013% (up to 350 m) in the separated field, and 0.005% (up to 150 m) in the adjacent B. carinata field and 0.002% (up to 65 m) in the separated field. Based on fitness information under controlled conditions, the fertility of hybrid plants is expected to be low.
Relapsing Fever Borreliae in Africa
Authors: Elbir Haitham , Raoult Didier , Drancourt Michel
Published: August 2013

The study of relapsing fever borreliae in Africa has long suffered from the use of non-specific laboratory tools for the direct detection of these spirochetes in clinical and vector specimens. Accordingly, Borrelia hispanica, Borrelia crocidurae, Borrelia duttonii, and Borrelia recurrentis have traditionally been distinguished on the basis of geography and vector and the unproven hypothesis that each species was exclusive to one vector. The recent sequencing of three relapsing fever Borrelia genomes in our laboratory prompted the development of more specific tools and a reappraisal of the epidemiology in Africa. Five additional potential species still need to be cultured from clinical and vector sources in East Africa to further assess their uniqueness. Here, we review the molecular evidence of relapsing fever borreliae in hosts and ectoparasites in Africa and explore the diversity, geographical distribution, and vector association of these pathogens for Africans and travelers to Africa.
Surgical Management of Recurrent Laryngeal Glomus
Authors: Maraignanam Gopinath , Samuel John
Published: August 2013

A 51-year-old male presented to the ENT outpatient department with complaints of pain, irritation and foreign body sensation in the throat for 3 months. There was history of being diagnosed to have laryngeal paraganglioma for which the patient had undergone microlaryngeal surgical excision twice during the preceding 9 years. Clinical examination revealed a reddish proliferative mass of about 2 cm involving the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis and extending to the right aryepiglottic fold. Vocal cords were normal in structure and function.

With the previous history of endolaryngeal excision of the tumor and its recurrence, the patient underwent laryngofissure approach with median thyrotomy and left lateral pharyngotomy. The tumor was excised in toto and histopathologically confirmed as paraganglioma. Postoperative period was uneventful. Patient is on continued follow-up with no recurrence till date.

How to cite this article

Samuel J, Mohanty S, Maraignanam G. Surgical Management of Recurrent Laryngeal Glomus. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2013;3(1):12-14.
An Unusual Case of Bull Gore Injury to the Neck Presenting with Internal Jugular Vein Thrombosis and Retropharyngeal Emphysema
Authors: Niveditha J , Babu M Mahesh
Published: August 2013

Injuries to the head and neck region are less common than genitourinary, abdominal, inguinal region but are more severe and more likely to cause death.1 A 22-year-old patient presented with dysphagia and swelling in left lower part of the neck secondary to bull gore injury. The injury had caused a retropharyngeal hematoma, emphysema of the neck along with internal jugular vein thrombosis and with air in the lumen of the vein. Pulmonary embolism resulted in sudden death of the patient.

How to cite this article

Kumar RA, Niveditha J, Babu MM. An Unusual Case of Bull Gore Injury to the Neck Presenting with Internal Jugular Vein Thrombosis and Retropharyngeal Emphysema. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2013;3(1):18-20.
Laryngeal Ultrasound for Assessment of Supraglottic Laryngitis with Abscess
Authors: Chiu Po-Han , Shih Chun-Wen , Tsai Yih-Jeng , Chiang Rayleigh Ping-Ying
Published: August 2013

Here we report a rare case, for this era, of supraglottic laryngitis with abscess formation after antibiotics use. Laryngeal ultrasound for abscess detection and follow-up has advantages over neck computed tomography. This modality can assess vocal cord movement noninvasively with the benefits of cost effectiveness, easy availability, freedom from radiation, and high resolution-factors that are superior to other modalities. Although laryngeal abscesses are rare, clinicians should be aware of their myriad presentations. Acute supraglottitis with abscess formation may cause potentially fatal obstruction of the airway. Early recognition and intervention to prevent morbidity and mortality is thus very important.

How to cite this article

Chiu PH, Shih CW, Tsai YJ, Chiang RPY. Laryngeal Ultrasound for Assessment of Supraglottic Laryngitis with Abscess. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2013;3(1): 24-27.
A Stitch in Time
Authors: Menon Unnikrishnan K , Bhate Janhvi J , Madhumita K
Published: August 2013

Bilateral vocal cord paralysis is the one of the common childhood laryngeal lesions. The treatment modalities include interim tracheostomy and, where needed, permanent irreversible procedures.

We report a case of idiopathic bilateral vocal cord palsy in a child, which was managed effectively by the procedure of suture lateralization of the vocal cord. The procedure, its rarity and follow-up of our case is described.

How to cite this article

Bhate JJ, Menon UK, Madhumita K. A Stitch in Time. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2013;3(1):31-33.
The use of forest stand age information in an atmospheric CO2 inversion applied to North America
Authors: Deng F. , Chen J. M. , Pan Y. , Peters W. , Birdsey R. , McCullough K. , Xiao J.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Atmospheric inversions have become an important tool in quantifying carbon dioxide (CO2) sinks and sources at a variety of spatiotemporal scales, but associated large uncertainties restrain the inversion research community from reaching agreement on many important subjects. We enhanced an atmospheric inversion of the CO2 flux for North America by introducing spatially explicit information on forest stand age for US and Canada as an additional constraint, since forest carbon dynamics are closely related to time since disturbance. To use stand age information in the inversion, we converted stand age into an age factor, and included the covariances between subcontinental regions in the inversion based on the similarity of the age factors. Our inversion results show that, considering age factors, regions with recently disturbed or old forests are often nudged towards carbon sources, while regions with middle-aged productive forests are shifted towards sinks. This conforms to stand age effects observed in flux networks. At the subcontinental level, our inverted carbon fluxes agree well with continuous estimates of net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) upscaled from eddy covariance flux data based on MODIS data. Inverted fluxes with the age constraint exhibit stronger correlation to these upscaled NEE estimates than those inverted without the age constraint. While the carbon flux at the continental and subcontinental scales is predominantly determined by atmospheric CO2 observations, the age constraint is shown to have potential to improve the inversion of the carbon flux distribution among subcontinental regions, especially for regions lacking atmospheric CO2 observations.
Low-latitude climate variability in the Heinrich frequency band of the Late Cretaceous Greenhouse world
Authors: de Winter N. J. , Zeeden C. , Hilgen F. J.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Deep marine successions of early Campanian age from DSDP site 516F drilled at low paleolatitudes in the South Atlantic reveal distinct sub-Milankovitch variability in addition to precession and eccentricity related variations. Elemental abundance ratios point to a similar climatic origin for these variations and exclude a quadripartite structure – as observed in the Mediterranean Neogene – of the precession related cycles as an explanation for the inferred semi-precession cyclicity in MS. However, the semi-precession cycle itself is likely an artifact, reflecting the first harmonic of the precession signal. The sub-Milankovitch variability is best approximated by a ~ 7 kyr cycle as shown by spectral analysis and bandpass filtering. The presence of sub-Milankovitch cycles with a period similar to that of Heinrich events of the last glacial cycle is consistent with linking the latter to low-latitude climate change caused by a non-linear response to precession induced variations in insolation between the tropics.
Variation in emission metrics due to variation in CO2 and temperature impulse response functions
Authors: Olivié D. J. L. , Peters G. P.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Emission metrics are used to compare the climate effect of the emission of different species, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). The most common metrics use linear impulse response functions (IRFs) derived from a single more complex model. There is currently little understanding on how IRFs vary across models, and how the model variation propagates into the metric values. In this study, we first derive CO2 and temperature IRFs for a large number of complex models participating in different intercomparison exercises, synthesizing the results in distributions representing the variety in behaviour. The derived IRF distributions differ considerably, which is partially related to differences among the underlying models, and partially to the specificity of the scenarios used (experimental setup). In a second part of the study, we investigate how differences among the IRFs impact the estimates of global warming potential (GWP), global temperature change potential (GTP) and integrated global temperature change potential (iGTP) for time horizons between 20 and 500 yr. Within each derived CO2 IRF distribution, underlying model differences give similar spreads on the metrics in the range of −20 to +40% (5–95% spread), and these spreads are similar among the three metrics. GTP and iGTP metrics are also impacted by variation in the temperature IRF. For GTP, this impact depends strongly on the lifetime of the species and the time horizon. The GTP of black carbon shows spreads of up to −60 to +80% for time horizons to 100 yr, and even larger spreads for longer time horizons. For CH4 the impact from variation in the temperature IRF is still large, but it becomes smaller for longer-lived species. The impact from variation in the temperature IRF on iGTP is small and falls within a range of ±10% for all species and time horizons considered here. We have used the available data to estimate the IRFs, but we suggest the use of tailored intercomparison projects specific for IRFs in emission metrics. Intercomparison projects are an effective means to derive an IRF and its model spread for use in metrics, but more detailed analysis is required to explore a wider range of uncertainties. Further work can reveal which parameters in each IRF lead to the largest uncertainties, and this information may be used to reduce the uncertainty in metric values.
MONITORING OF GLACIER VOLUME VARIATION FROM MULTI-SOURCE DATA OVER GELADANDONG AREA
Authors: Zhang Y. , Wu H. , Jin S. , Wang H.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. This paper presents a research on monitoring of glacier volume variation over the Geladandong area in Qinghai-Tibet plateau between 2000 and 2007 by integrating Landsat5 TM images, multi-source Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) data from NASA Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat). Landsat TM images acquired in 2000 and 2007 respectively are used to extract glacial area of the two dates. SRTM DEM and the national 1:50 000 DEM are used to extract the thickness variation of glaciers between the year of 2000 and 2007. Since SRTM DEM is generated from interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images acquired in Feb. 2000, the elevation of glacial region could be underestimated due to the penetration of radar pulse to the ice and snow. Therefore, the IceSat GLAS data is employed to correct the penetration and refine the glacier's elevation of SRTM DEM. Finally, the glacier volume variation of Geladandong region between 2000 and 2007 is estimated by integrating the area and elevation changes.