bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histopathological alterations in the gonads of wild white clams Dosinia ponderosa inhabiting a former copper mine locality in the Gulf of California
Authors: Eraso-Ordoñez Jessica F. , Yee-Duarte Josué Alonso , Roldán-Wong Nefertiti Taydé , García-Ulloa Manuel , Góngora-Gómez Andrés M. , Arellano-Martínez Marcial
Published: May 2023

Objective

Prolonged exposure to heavy metals, such as Pb, Hg, or Cu, has multiple adverse effects on marine organisms at the cellular, physiological, and population levels. Bivalves' histopathology provides a sensitive biomarker of pollutant-induced stress and environmental health. Gonad tissue deterioration is of particular concern, as it affects the reproductive success of a species. This study aimed to examine the histopathological alterations caused by metal exposure in the gonad of the white clam Dosinia ponderosa.

Methods

Organisms were sampled from three locations in the Gulf of California: Santa Rosalia (SR), a former Cu mining town; San Lucas beach (SL), a nearby site influenced by pollution; and Escondida beach (EB), which served as a control site. Histological and histochemical stains were used, and the prevalence and intensity level of each alteration were calculated.

Result

The prevalence of alterations was higher in the ovaries of SR clams (92% compared to 60% in SL clams and 32.7% in EB clams), during spawning (91.4% compared to 20% in SL clams and 4.7% in EB clams), and in winter (93.5% compared to 30% in SL clams and 17.4% in EB clams).

Conclusion

These findings suggest a significant deterioration in the gonads of white clams from SR, probably linked to the chronic exposure to high concentrations of Cu and possibly other heavy metals; hence, the reproductive health of the clams is likely compromised.
Childhood maltreatment and homicidal ideation among Chinese early adolescents: The serial mediating role of borderline personality features and aggression
Authors: Li Yonghan , Huang Xiaoman , Yuan Mengyuan , Chang Junjie , Zhang Tingting , Wang Gengfu , Su Puyu
Published: May 2023

A large body of evidence linked childhood maltreatment (CM) to juvenile violence and delinquent behavior. However, little is known about the association between CM and homicidal ideation in early adolescents. This study aimed to examine that relationship and to explore the serial mediating role of borderline personality features (BPF) and aggression in that relationship in a large sample of early adolescents. A total of 5724 early adolescents (mean age: 13.5 years) were recruited from three middle schools in Anhui Province, China. The participants were invited to complete self‐report questionnaires regarding their history of CM, BPF, aggression, and homicidal ideation. Mediation analyses were evaluated using structural equation modeling. A total of 669 participants (11.7%) reported homicidal ideation in the past 6 months. CM victimization was positively associated with homicidal ideation after adjusting for covariates. Furthermore, the serial mediation analysis showed a significant indirect effect of CM on homicidal ideation through BPF and subsequent aggression. Exposure to maltreatment in childhood is likely to manifest BPF and subsequently higher levels of aggression, which in turn are related to increased homicidal ideation. These findings suggest the need for early intervention for BPF and aggression in early adolescents exposed to CM to prevent the development of homicidal ideation.
Genetic spectrum and clinical features of adult leukoencephalopathies in a Chinese cohort
Authors: Liu Minglei , Wang Yangyang , Shi Changhe , Yuan Yanpeng , Li Lanjun , Zhang Xiaoyun , Xu Yuming , Yang Jing
Published: May 2023

Objective

Leukoencephalopathies are a group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by the degeneration of white matter, resulting in a variety of progressive neurological symptoms. To date, over 60 genes linked to genetic leukoencephalopathies have been discovered through whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and long‐read sequencing. Nonetheless, the genetic diversity and clinical variability of these disorders among various racial groups remain largely unknown. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the genetic spectrum and clinical features of Chinese adult leukoencephalopathies and compare the genetic profiles in different populations.

Methods

A total of 129 patients suspected of possible genetic leukoencephalopathy were enrolled and underwent WES and dynamic mutation analysis. Bioinformatics tools were used to predict the pathogenicity of these mutations. Skin biopsies were conducted for further diagnosis. Genetic data sources from different populations were collected from published articles.

Results

Genetic diagnosis was established in 48.1% of patients, with WES identifying 57 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 39.5% of cases. NOTCH3 and NOTCH2NLC were the most common mutated genes, accounting for 12.4% and 8.5% of cases, respectively. Dynamic mutation analysis revealed NOTCH2NLC GGC repeat expansions in 8.5% of patients. Different mutations resulted in varying clinical symptoms and imaging findings. Comparisons of genetic profiles between different populations showed distinct mutational spectrums in adult leukoencephalopathies.

Interpretation

This study highlights the importance of genetic testing for accurate diagnosis and improved clinical management of these disorders. It also sheds light on the genetic heterogeneity of adult leukoencephalopathies across different races, emphasizing the need for further research on this topic.
Police trainees versus laypeople: Identification performance and confidence–accuracy relationship for facial and body lineups
Authors: Tupper Nina , Geisendörfer Anna K. , Lorei Clemens , Sporer Siegfried L. , Tredoux Colin G. , Sauerland Melanie
Published: May 2023

Court instructions and public perception endorse that eyewitness evidence provided by police should weight more heavily than laypeople's in court. Evidence is inconsistent. The current experiment provides a nuanced analysis of identification performance of police and laypeople at different levels of confidence. Laypeople and advanced police trainees (N = 192) viewed portrait, profile, and body‐only lineups for central and peripheral targets. Police trainees displayed higher hit and correct rejection rates than laypeople for portrait lineups, and higher correct rejection rates in profile lineups for central targets. Calibration was similar for both groups, although police trainees had an advantage at low target presence base rates. Calibration was best for central targets' portrait and profile lineups. Participants displayed poor calibration and strong overconfidence for body‐only lineups and peripheral target lineups. We conclude that experience and specialization of police might be important when investigating a possible superiority of police who serve as eyewitness.
Mechanistic Computational Modeling of Implantable, Bioresorbable Drug Release Systems
Authors: Giolando Patrick A. , Hopkins Kelsey , Davis Barrett F. , Vike Nicole , Ahmadzadegan Adib , Ardekani Arezoo M. , Vlachos Pavlos P. , Rispoli Joseph V. , Solorio Luis , Kinzer‐Ursem Tamara L.
Published: May 2023

Implantable, bioresorbable drug delivery systems offer an alternative to current drug administration techniques; allowing for patient‐tailored drug dosage, while also increasing patient compliance. Mechanistic mathematical modeling allows for the acceleration of the design of the release systems, and for prediction of physical anomalies that are not intuitive and may otherwise elude discovery. This study investigates short‐term drug release as a function of water‐mediated polymer phase inversion into a solid depot within hours to days, as well as long‐term hydrolysis‐mediated degradation and erosion of the implant over the next few weeks. Finite difference methods are used to model spatial and temporal changes in polymer phase inversion, solidification, and hydrolysis. Modeling reveals the impact of non‐uniform drug distribution, production and transport of H+ ions, and localized polymer degradation on the diffusion of water, drug, and hydrolyzed polymer byproducts. Compared to experimental data, the computational model accurately predicts the drug release during the solidification of implants over days and drug release profiles over weeks from microspheres and implants. This work offers new insight into the impact of various parameters on drug release profiles, and is a new tool to accelerate the design process for release systems to meet a patient specific clinical need.
The Construction of a Microbial Synthesis System for Rare Earth Enrichment and Material Applications
Authors: Cui Huijing , Zhang Xin , Chen Jing , Qian Xining , Zhong Yuewen , Ma Chao , Zhang Hongjie , Liu Kai
Published: May 2023

Rare earth materials play an irreplaceable role in biomedical and high technology fields. However, typical mining and extraction approaches to rare earth elements (REEs) often lead to severe environmental problems and resource wastage due to the involvement of hazardous chemicals. Although biomining shows elegant alternatives, there are still grand challenges to sustainably isolate and recover REEs in nature because of insufficient metal‐extracting microbes and RE‐scavenging macromolecular tools. To obtain high‐performance rare earth materials directly from rare earth ore, a new generation of biological synthesis strategies needs to be developed for the efficient preparation of REEs. The microbial synthesis system established here has achieved active biomanufacturing of high‐purity rare earth products. Further, through employing robust affinity columns bioconjugated with structurally engineered proteins, outstanding separation of Eu/Lu and Dy/La is acquired with the purity of 99.9% (Eu), 97.1% (La), and 92.7% (Dy). More importantly, in situ one‐pot synthesis of lanthanide‐dependent methanol dehydrogenase is well harnessed and exclusively adsorbs La, Ce, Pr, and Nd in RE tailing for advanced biocatalysis, indicating high value‐added application. Therefore, this novel biosynthetic platform provides an insightful roadmap to expand the scope of chassis engineering in terms of biofoundry and to manufacture valuable bioproducts related to REEs.
Co‐Targeting c‐Myc and Bcl‐2 by Oral Small Molecule Combination of WBC100 and Venetoclax Effectively Controls Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Preclinical Models
Authors: Wang Ping , Li Mengyuan , Zheng Shuwen , Zhuang Haifeng , Zhou Hong , Gong Qinyuan , Wu Zhaoxing , Zhang Xuzhao , Xu Rongzhen
Published: May 2023

Uncontrolled proliferation and apoptosis evasion are two hallmarks of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, it is demonstrated that the double over‐expresser of oncoprotein c‐Myc and anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2 is a critical “genetic overdrive” of proliferation and apoptosis evasion in AML and is associated with poor genetic alterations. Double‐knockdown of c‐Myc/ Bcl‐2 synergistically kills AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, a novel oral small molecule combination co‐targeting c‐Myc and Bcl‐2 with WBC100 and Venetoclax (VEN) at low doses are developed. Importantly, the study shows that this combination results in deep and durable remissions of AML, and its efficacy is superior to the frontline combination of Venetoclax and hypomethylation azacitidine (AZA) in AML mouse models and PDX models from relapsed or refractory AML patients. Mechanically, Bcl‐2 knockdown induces mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and c‐Myc‐knockdown impairs mitochondria biogenesis. Co‐targeting c‐Myc/Bcl‐2 reciprocally abrogates over‐proliferation and apoptosis resistance via forming a double hit to mitochondrial biogenesis and apoptosis machinery. The findings for the first time demonstrate that co‐targeting c‐Myc/Bcl‐2 by the novel oral small molecule combination of WBC100/Venetoclax is a promising and convenient therapy for AML and support its clinical trial.
Application of engineered natural ores to intermediate‐ and high‐temperature CO2 capture and conversion
Authors: Ma Xiaoling , Cui Hongjie , Cheng Zhenmin , Zhou Zhiming
Published: May 2023

Integrated CO2 capture and conversion (ICCC) is a promising technology aiming at converting waste CO2 to fuels and high value‐added chemicals. Herein, we described a proof‐of‐concept study of applying engineered natural ores (dolomite, magnesite, and limestone) to two different ICCC processes—intermediate‐temperature ICCC for CH4 production (350–400°C) and high‐temperature ICCC for syngas production (650–700°C). In the former process, a MgO‐based CO2 sorbent prepared from dolomite and magnesite was combined with a methanation catalyst in a dual‐bed configuration, whereby a CH4 yield of 7.1–7.3 mmol/g can be stably achieved per cycle over 20 consecutive ICCC cycles. In the latter process, a CaO‐based sorbent derived from dolomite and limestone was coupled with a reforming catalyst also in a dual‐bed mode, whereby syngas with a H2/CO ratio of 0.9–1.0 can be produced over 20 cycles. This study will expand the application of natural ores in CO2 emission reduction.
Change in lipids before onset of dementia, coronary heart disease, and mortality: A 28‐year follow‐up Whitehall II prospective cohort study
Authors: Hassen Céline Ben , Machado‐Fragua Marcos D , Landré Benjamin , Fayosse Aurore , Dumurgier Julien , Kivimaki Mika , Sabia Séverine , Singh‐Manoux Archana
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION

The association of lipids with dementia remains a subject of debate. Using data from 7,672 participants of the Whitehall II prospective cohort study, we examined whether timing of exposure, length of follow‐up, or sex modifies this association.

METHODS

Twelve markers of lipid levels were measured from fasting blood and eight among them a further five times. We performed time‐to‐event as well as trajectory analyses.

RESULTS

No associations were observed in men; in women most lipids were associated with the risk of dementia, but only for events occurring after the first 20 years of follow‐up. Differences in lipid trajectories in men emerged only in the years immediately before diagnosis whereas in women total cholesterol (TC), LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), non‐HDL‐cholesterol (non‐HDL‐C), TC/HDL‐C, and LDL‐C/HDL‐C were higher in midlife among dementia cases before declining progressively.

DISCUSSION

Abnormal lipid levels in midlife seem to be associated with a higher risk of dementia in women.
ATP‐Responsive Nanoparticles Covered with Biomolecular Machine “Chaperonin GroEL”
Authors: Shen Hao K. , Morishita Kiyoshi , Hashim P. K. , Okuro Kou , Kashiwagi Daiki , Kimura Ayumi , Yanagisawa Haruaki , Kikkawa Masahide , Niwa Tatsuya , Taguchi Hideki , Aida Takuzo
Published: May 2023

Herein, we report an ATP‐responsive nanoparticle (GroELNP) whose surface is fully covered with the biomolecular machine “chaperonin protein GroEL”. GroELNP was synthesized by DNA hybridization between a gold NP with DNA strands on its surface and GroEL carrying complementary DNA strands at its apical domains. The unique structure of GroELNP was visualized by transmission electron microscopy including under cryogenic conditions. The immobilized GroEL units retain their machine‐like function and enable GroELNP to capture denatured green fluorescent protein and release it in response to ATP. Interestingly, the ATPase activity of GroELNP per GroEL was 4.8 and 4.0 times greater than those of precursor cysGroEL and its DNA‐functionalized analogue, respectively. Finally, we confirmed that GroELNP could be iteratively extended to double‐layered
NP.
Easily Scalable Shell‐Structured Copper Catalyst with High Activity and Durability for Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation
Authors: Kim Gunjoo , Ryu Seung‐Hee , Jeong Hojin , Choi Yunji , Lee Seungwoo , Choi Joon‐Hwan , Lee Hyunjoo
Published: May 2023

Inducing strong metal‐support interaction (SMSI) has been a useful way to control the structure of surface active sites. The SMSI often causes the encapsulation of metal particles with an oxide layer. Herein, an amorphous ceria shell was formed on Cu nanoparticles under a mild gas condition with high activity and durability for surface reaction. Cu−Ce solid solution promoted the transfer of surface oxygen species, which induced the ceria shell formation on Cu nanoparticles. This catalyst was used for CO2 hydrogenation, selectively producing CO with high low‐temperature activity and good durability for operation at high temperature. CO2 activation and H2 spillover could occur at low temperatures, enhancing the activity. The shell prevented the sintering, assuring durability. This catalyst was applied to a bench‐scale reactor without loss in performance, resulting in high CO productivity in all temperature ranges.
Cation‐Promoted Strain‐Release‐Driven Access to Functionalized Azetidines from Azabicyclo[1.1.0]butanes
Authors: Jaiswal Vandana , Mondal Soumik , Singh Bandana , Singh Vinod. P. , Saha Jaideep
Published: May 2023

Access to 1,3‐functionalized azetidines through a diversity‐oriented approach is highly sought‐after for finding new applications in drug‐discovery. To this goal, strain‐release‐driven functionalization of azabicyclo[1.1.0]‐butane (ABB) has generated significant interest. Through appropriate N‐activation, C3‐substituted ABBs are shown to render tandem N/C3‐fucntionalization/rearrangement, furnishing azetidines; although, modalities of such N‐activation vis‐à‐vis N‐functionalization remain limited to selected electrophiles. This work showcases a versatile cation‐driven activation strategy of ABBs. And capitalizes on the use of Csp3 precursors amenable to forming reactive (aza)oxyallyl cations in situ. Herein, N‐activation leads to formation of a congested C−N bond, and effective C3 activation. The concept was extended to formal [3+2] annulations involving (aza)oxyallyl cations and ABBs, leading to bridged bicyclic azetidines. Besides the fundamental appeal of this new activation paradigm, operational simplicity and remarkable diversity should engender its prompt use in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.
Homogeneous polyurethane foaming systems containing polyester diol, ethylene glycol, and alkylated polyethylenimine‐CO2 adducts
Authors: Guo Zhi , Wang Xin , Xie Xingyi
Published: May 2023

CO2 adducts from alkylated polyethylenimines (PEIs) in powder form are newly developed blowing agents for polyurethanes (PUs) to replace the ozone‐depleting and/or global warming halogen‐containing blowing agents. However, they are difficult to disperse into the raw materials of PUs. Herein, we explored reactive solvents for alkyl‐grafted PEI‐based CO2 adducts (xCn‐PEI‐CO2s, whose alkyl carbon number n = 4, 8, or 12 and grafting rate x = 5%, 10%, or 15%) and found that the most effective solvent was ethylene glycol (EG), with solute mass concentrations exceeding 50%. According to this, we designed homogenous foaming systems for PUs, containing poly(ethylene‐co‐diethylene glycol adipate)diol, EG, and different xCn‐PEI‐CO2 blowing agents, with mass percentages of 85, 11.25, and 3.75, respectively. The xCn‐PEI‐CO2 blowing agents in the ternary mixture could effectively blow PUs, with densities ranging from 210 to 240 kg/m3. The addition of 0.1 g of water as an extra blowing agent reduced the densities down to 110 kg/m3, compared with the 140 kg/m3 density of the control foam blown solely by water. The liquid status of the ternary foaming mixtures and their cooperative performance with water to blow PUs could enhance the suitability of the climate‐friendly xCn‐PEI‐CO2 blowing agents in PU foam industry.
Optimizing the lysis step in CTAB DNA extractions of silica‐dried and herbarium leaf tissues
Authors: Carey S. James , Becklund L. Ellie , Fabre Paige P. , Schenk John J.
Published: May 2023

Premise

The use of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is an effective and inexpensive method of extracting DNA from plants. The CTAB protocol is frequently modified to optimize DNA extractions, but experimental approaches rarely perturb a single variable at a time to systematically infer their effect on DNA quantity and quality.

Methods and Results

We investigated how chemical additives, incubation temperature, and lysis duration affected DNA quantity and quality. Altering those parameters influenced DNA concentrations and fragment lengths, but only extractant purity was significantly affected. CTAB and CTAB plus polyvinylpyrrolidone buffers produced the highest DNA quality and quantity. Extractions from silica gel–preserved tissues had significantly higher DNA yield, longer DNA fragments, and purer extractants compared to herbarium‐preserved tissues.

Conclusions

We recommend DNA extractions of silica gel–preserved tissues that include a shorter and cooler lysis step, which results in purer extractions compared to a longer and hotter lysis step, while preventing fragmentation and reducing time.
The “Weak” C−H⋅⋅⋅S Interaction Drives Enantioselectivity in Cinchona Alkaloid Complex Catalyzed Thiocyanation
Authors: Banerjee Subhrashis , Vanka Kumar
Published: May 2023

The great success of asymmetric organocatalysis has made it one of the most important advancements made in chemistry in the past two decades. A significant achievement in this context is the asymmetric organocatalysis of the thiocyanation reaction. In the current study, computational studies with density functional theory have been done in order to understand an interesting experimental finding: the reversal of enantioselectivity from R to S when the electrophile is changed from β‐keto ester to oxindole for the thiocyanation reaction with the cinchona alkaloid complex catalyst. The calculations reveal an unusual fact – the principal reason for the reversal is the presence of the C−H⋅⋅⋅S noncovalent interaction, which is present only in the major transition states in each of the two nucleophile cases. Only recently has it been realized that the supposedly weak C−H⋅⋅⋅S noncovalent interaction has the properties of a hydrogen bond, and the fact that this interaction is the cause of enantioselectivity has relevance, because of the large number of asymmetric transformations involving the sulphur heteroatom.
Single‐platform, Attomolar Detection of Multiple Biomarkers by a Flexible SERS Sensor
Authors: Jaiswal Ankita , Naqvi Tania K. , Dwivedi Prabhat K. , Verma Sandeep
Published: May 2023

Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical for better healthcare management. Herein, we demonstrate a Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) active sensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of β‐Amyloid Peptide (Aβ1‐42), a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber mats, containing purine‐based ligand (L; 0 mg (P1), 50 mg (P2), and 100 mg (P3)) were prepared by electrospinning followed by functionalization with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The fabricated SERS sensors were employed for the detection of Rhodamine 6G (Rh‐6G) dye for optimization and the highest sensitivity was achieved on P3/AgNPs SERS sensor. The P3/AgNPs sensor was chosen for the detection of Aβ1‐42and human Insulin (HI). The limit of detection(LoD)was found to be 76×10−18M and 26×10−18M for Aβ1‐42and HI, respectively. The sensitivity achieved is one order improved for Aβ1‐42and four orders for HI when compared with reported values. Also, demonstrated the selectivity of the P3/AgNPs sensor by testing a simulated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and achieved easily identifiable peaks of Aβ1‐42among the noise of HI and bovine serum albumin should be written before the acronym of BSA. This approach could be extended to develop ultra‐sensitive flexible SERS sensors for the facile detection of multiple biomarkers on a single platform with excellent sensitivity, selectivity and stability.
A review of behavioral evidence for hemispheric asymmetry of visuospatial attention in autism
Authors: English Michael C. W. , Maybery Murray T. , Visser Troy A. W.
Published: May 2023

Most individuals show a small bias towards visual stimuli presented in their left visual field (LVF) that reflects right‐hemispheric specialization of visuospatial functions. Moreover, this bias is altered by some neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting they may be linked to changes in hemispheric asymmetry. To examine whether autism potentially alters hemispheric asymmetry, we conducted a systematic search of scientific databases to review existing literature on the link between autism and alterations in visuospatial bias. This search identified 13 publications that had explored this issue using a wide range of experimental designs and stimuli. Evidence of reduced LVF bias associated with autism was most consistent for studies examining attentional bias or preference measured using tasks such as line bisection. Findings for studies examining attentional performance (e.g., reaction time) were more equivocal. Further investigation is called for, and we make several recommendations for how this avenue of research can be extended.
Transgenic modifications of silkworms as a means to obtain therapeutic biomolecules and protein fibers with exceptional properties
Authors: Aramwit Pornanong , Jiang Qiuran , Muppuri Supritha , Reddy Narendra
Published: May 2023

Transgenic modification of Bombyx mori silkworms is a benign approach for the production of silk fibers with extraordinary properties and also to generate therapeutic proteins and other biomolecules for various applications. Silk fibers with fluorescence lasting more than a year, natural protein fibers with strength and toughness exceeding that of spider silk, proteins and therapeutic biomolecules with exceptional properties have been developed using transgenic technology. The transgenic modifications have been done primarily by modifying the silk sericin and fibroin genes and also the silk producing glands. Although the genetic modifications were typically performed using the sericin 1 and other genes, newer techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 have enabled successful modifications of both the fibroin H‐chain and L‐chain. Such modifications have led to the production of therapeutic proteins and other biomolecules in reasonable quantities at affordable costs for tissue engineering and other medical applications. Transgenically modified silkworms also have distinct and long‐lasting fluorescence useful for bioimaging applications. This review presents an overview of the transgenic techniques for modifications of B. mori silkworms and the properties obtained due to such modifications with particular focus on production of growth factors, fluorescent proteins, and high performance protein fibers.
A Comparative Study between Abrus cantoniensis and Abrus mollis: Flavonoids Profiles by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS and Anti‐Inflammatory Mechanism by Transcriptomics
Authors: Liang Zhike , Chen Zhixia , Xue Xianmei , He Cuimin , Yuan Xujiang
Published: May 2023

Abrus mollis (MJGC) has been used as a substitute herb for Abrus cantoniensis (JGC) in China. However, an in‐depth comparison on their key metabolites and the mechanism of anti‐inflammation between these two is not available. In this report, high pressure liquid chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry was applied to capture their flavonoid profiles; transcriptomics was adopted to analyze their anti‐inflammatory mechanisms. The results showed that the main flavonoids in MJGC were vicenin‐2, schaftoside and isoschaftoside, while those in JGC were vicenin‐1 isomer and schaftoside isomer. The anti‐inflammatory activity of JGC was slightly stronger than that of MJGC. The number of differential expression genes regulated by JGC was significantly higher than MJGC. JGC regulated 151 (42 up and 109 down) of inflammation related genes, while MJGC regulated 58 (8 up and 50 down) of inflammation related genes. The results of this study provided scientific evidence and guidance for the substitution of MJGC and JGC.
Noninflammatory obstructive appendicopathy: A rare presentation of abdominal pain
Authors: Al Tamr Wissam Jamal , Ali Sameh , Omran Kareem
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

Patients with appendicitis‐like abdominal pain but negative laboratory and radiological findings can have rare alternative aetiologies such as obstructive appendicopathy. A normal appendix may be seen in surgery, and removal with consent is curative.
Icosahedral Pd Nanocrystal Catalysts with Dispersed Bi Atoms via Photochemical Route for Enhanced Formic Acid Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Chen Qiaoli , Ren Yaoyao , Jin Hui , Wang Zhi , Cheng Tianchun , Sun Tulai , Tian Jinshu , Zhu Yihan
Published: May 2023

The decoration of noble metal catalysts with specific main group or transition metal atoms offers an effective way to improve the catalytic performance through electronic structure regulation and active site optimization without losing the active surface area. Herein, icosahedral Pd nanocrystals catalysts with highly dispersed Bi atoms decoration have been realized by a simple photochemical reduction approach. The decoration of Bi atoms maintains the original Pd cyclic penta‐twinned structure. The deposition amount of Bi atoms, which greatly affect the catalytic performance, is fundamentally regulated by the irradiation time. Compared with pure Pd, the Pd−Bi icosahedral nanocrystals show significant improvement in electrocatalytic activity towards formic acid oxidation. Besides, the catalytic performance is correlated with the content of Bi. The optimal performance is occurred at the Bi content of 2.86%.
Flexible, Self‐powered Thermoelectric Module for Body‐heat Recovery
Authors: Liang Xiaosa , Zhang Xingzhong , Zhu Bo , Hou Yue , Ke Manzhu , Wang Ziyu
Published: May 2023

Conversion of heat into electrical energy using a thermoelectric generator (TEG) will be beneficial for self‐powered wearable electronic systems. However, the output power of previously reported flexible TE generator (f‐TEG) is too low to meet the requirements of wearable electronic devices. Herein, we report an f‐TEG integrated with inorganic TE materials and exhibiting high output power. The proposed TE device has 60 pairs of p‐type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 and n‐type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 TE legs, and has an extremely low internal resistance (1.09 Ω). This f‐TEG possesses good flexibility (with a bending radius of ∼1 cm) and high output‐power density (up to 4.49 mW/cm2 with a temperature difference of 30 K). To convenience use, a step‐up boost voltage converter is integrated with the TEG to convert the low voltage into a high voltage for micro‐device to work, it provides a new candidate scheme for self‐powered wearable electronic devices. Experiments showed that a LED can be lit up by the f‐TEG with a boost circuit. There results demonstrate that the proposed f‐TEG provides ultrahigh output power density and integrated self‐powered devices, can be used to powering low‐power electronics and sensors through heat harvesting.
The Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Desvenlafaxine Succinate in Chinese Healthy Subjects Under Fasting and Fed States
Authors: Wang Manman , Yang Yingying , Hu Wei , Wang Yue , Chen Youli , Zhang Xueyuan
Published: May 2023

Desvenlafaxine succinate is a selective serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of major depressive disorder. The pharmacokinetic profile of desvenlafaxine succinate at the clinically recommended dose of 50 mg in Chinese healthy subjects has been reported rarely. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of desvenlafaxine succinate in Chinese healthy subjects. A single‐dose, open‐label, randomized, two‐way crossover study with a 7‐day washout period was conducted. A total of 88 individuals were incorporated to show bioequivalence of a generic and a reference drug, with 48 individuals in the fasting state and 40 receiving a high‐fat diet. Finally, 46 and 38 individuals completed the fasting and the fed study, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals of the adjusted geometric mean ratios for maximum plasma concentration, area under the concentration–time curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration, and area under the concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity all fell in the bioequivalent interval of 80%–125% in both the fasting and fed states. A total of 33 adverse events were reported, and all were mild or moderate in severity. In summary, the generic and reference formulations were bioequivalent, with no observable safety differences in the fasting/fed state.
A multimodal face antispoofing method based on multifeature vision transformer and multirank fusion
Authors: Li Zuhe , Cui Yuhao , Wang Fengqin , Liu Weihua , Yang Yongshuang , Yu Zeqi , Jiang Bin , Chen Hui
Published: May 2023

Face antispoofing (FAS) is attracting increasing attention from researchers because of its important role in preventing facial recognition systems from face spoofing attacks. With the advancement of various new convolutional neural network structures and the construction of various face antispoofing databases, the deep learning‐based face antispoofing algorithm has become the main method in the FAS field. However, the generalization performance of the current multimodal face antispoofing algorithm is poor, and the recognition performance of the model on different datasets is quite different. Therefore, we design a multimodal face antispoofing framework based on a multifeature transformer (MFViT) and multirank fusion (MRF). First, we use a vision transformer structure, MFViT, for multimodal face antispoofing and a combination of modalities to capture the distinguishing characteristics in each modality. Second, we design a multidimensional multimodal fusion module, MRF, according to the various modal fusion characteristics obtained by the MFViT to fuse modal information in different dimensions more effectively. Evaluation results indicate that framework we designed achieves an average classification error rate (ACER) of 1.61% on the CASIA‐SURF dataset and an ACER of 6.5% on the CASIA‐SURF CeFA dataset.
Temporomandibular pain and quality of life assessment in adolescents in a Norwegian cohort
Authors: Dahl Anne F. , Bergem Anne K. , Bjørnland Tore , Olsen‐Bergem Heming
Published: May 2023

Objective

The objective was to examine the prevalence of pain from the face and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and oral function in adolescents and contribute to more focus on this patient group.

Methods

A total of 957 adolescents were included in this study, in age cohorts 18, 16, and 14, scheduled for a dental recall examination. Clinical data were collected as a part of the routine clinical examination. All participants also answered a survey.

Results

Almost half of the participants had experienced facial pain in the last 3 months, headache being the most prevalent site reported. A significantly higher prevalence was found for females for all pain sites, and facial pain was significantly higher among the oldest. A reduced maximal incisal opening was significantly associated with higher reported facial/jaw pain, with increased mouth opening pain and chewing pain. Fifty‐seven percent of the participants reported the use of nonprescription painkillers, highest among females, and in the oldest age cohort, mainly caused by nonfeverish headaches. General health was found to be negatively correlated to facial pain, headache, pain intensity, and duration, pain upon oral function, and oral movement, as well as the use of nonprescriptive drugs. Females in the older age group, experience less quality of life in general, as they felt more worried, anxious, lonely, and sad, compared to males.

Conclusion

Facial‐ and TMJ pain was higher in females, and higher with increasing age. Almost half of the participants had experienced facial pain in the last 3 months, headache being the most prevalent site reported. General health was found to be negatively correlated to facial pain.
Single‐phase five‐level common‐ground transformerless inverter using switched capacitors for photovoltaic application
Authors: Singh Neti Sukhdev , Singh Varsha , Pattnaik Swapnajit , Anand Vishal
Published: May 2023

Transformerless inverters (TLIs) are extensively used in the photovoltaic (PV) grid‐connected system. TLI with a common ground structure exhibits multiple excellent features that improve the efficiency of the inverter, eliminating leakage current and boosting the voltage. The use of TLI eliminates the electrical isolation required between PV and the grid, resulting in a leakage current (LC) issue. The LC affects the power quality of the inverter and creates a safety‐related issue. This paper presents a new TLI topology based on the common ground (CG) structure. This topology uses eight switches and two self‐balanced switched capacitors. Phase disposition pulse width modulation (PD‐PWM) control scheme is used to create a five‐level output voltage. Further, adequate analysis for component selection and loss analysis is carried out to evaluate the efficiency. Its CG configuration certifies that there is minimal LC and common mode voltage (CMV). It also supports the active and reactive power of the grid. Its dual gain makes it suitable for photovoltaic (PV) applications. This topology is simulated for leading, lagging, unity power factor (UPF), and changes in input voltage and load conditions. Later, a corresponding experimental test is carried out on a laboratory prototype (1 kW). An equitable comparison is carried out for the component, stresses, and features like CG, and LC, along with efficiency.
Exosome: A megastar of future cancer personalized and precision medicine
Authors: Dhar Rajib , Gorai Sukhamoy , Devi Arikketh , Jha Saurabh Kumar , Rahman Md. Atiar , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios
Published: May 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an innovative orientation of next‐generation cancer medicine. In EVs, the exosome is the most exciting domain associated with cancer research current decade.Exosomes have both cancer progression related and cancer healing capabilities depending on the source. It develops a new platform for cancer personalized and precision medicine visionary project to come to reality.
Cytopathological findings of intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Pena‐Burgos Eva Manuela , Tapia‐Viñe Mar , Rodríguez‐García Ana M. , Ortiz‐Cruz Eduardo José , Pozo‐Kreilinger Jose Juan
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma (IPM) is an exceedingly rare benign mesenchymal tumor of the lymph nodes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are unspecific, which may present diagnostic challenges to fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The histological and immunohistochemical features of IPM are unique.

Case Report

A previously healthy 40‐year‐old male patient presented a slow‐growing solitary left inguinal mass. FNAC revealed clustered cells within a metachromatic stroma, single spindle cells without atypia, hemosiderin pigment, and siderophages. An MRI showed a central hyperintense septum in fat‐suppressed, T2‐weighted sequences. The excised lymph node contained central haphazard fascicles of spindle cells with focal nuclear palisading, hemosiderin pigment, extravasated erythrocytes, and hemorrhagic areas. Vimentin and smooth muscle actin were diffusely positive. Amianthoid collagen fibers were not clearly observed.

Conclusion

IPM is an extremely rare mesenchymal benign intranodal tumor that should be included in the differential diagnosis of spindle cell lesions in the inguinal region.
A meta‐analytic review of impact of measurement choice on RCTs to reduce appearance internalization
Authors: Mol Tess , Thompson Joel Kevin , Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz Matthew
Published: May 2023

Objective

Prior reviews have shown that interventions targeting internalization of appearance standards are generally efficacious, though there is considerable heterogeneity in estimates across studies. This updated review of the literature evaluates whether efficacy estimates from RCTs systematically vary as a function of three related outcome measures (internalization, awareness, and perceived pressure regarding appearance standards).

Methods

Seven electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to February 8, 2023. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool assessed each study's risk of bias. Studies included were randomized‐controlled trials evaluating body image/eating disorder prevention or intervention programs targeting internalization as a focal point of treatment. Effect sizes were meta‐analyzed and meta‐regression analyses were conducted investigating the impact of outcome measure choice on study effect size at post‐intervention and follow‐up.

Results

Thirty‐seven studies (N = 4809 participants) were included. The meta‐analytic findings as expected found interventions efficacious at reducing internalization post‐intervention (d = −0.47, 95% CI [−0.60 to −0.34], k = 44), and at follow‐up (d = −0.28, 95% CI [−0.39 to −0.17], k = 43), but also highly heterogenous (I2 = 52–67%). Operationalization of internalization moderated results at follow‐up but not post‐intervention timepoints, with awareness measures (compared with internalization measures) producing weaker effect sizes. Exploratory analyses found bigger effects when internalization was compared with all other measurement categories combined, suggesting possible issues with statistical power in main analyses.

Discussion

Mixed present findings suggest need for further evaluation of measurement effects on efficacy, and possible caution in choice of outcome measure for internalization‐based interventions.

Public significance statement

This review provides some preliminary evidence that choice of survey measures used in randomized controlled trials can impact our judgments about whether a trial reduces the extent to which participants endorse unrealistic appearance standards. Accuracy in measurement of this efficacy of trials is crucial, given the role that internalized appearance standards play in onset and maintenance of eating disorders.
Distribution and clinical comparison of restrictive feeding and eating disorders using ICD‐10 and ICD‐11 criteria
Authors: Düplois Dominik , Brosig Luise , Hiemisch Andreas , Kiess Wieland , Hilbert Anja , Schlensog‐Schuster Franziska , Schmidt Ricarda
Published: May 2023

Objective

Within the eleventh edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11), diagnostic criteria for feeding and eating disorders were revised and new diagnoses including avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) are classifiable; however, nothing is known about how these changes affect the prevalence of feeding and eating disorders. This study compared the distribution and clinical characteristics of restrictive feeding and eating disorders between ICD‐10 and ICD‐11.

Method

The Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), its child version, and the EDE ARFID module were administered to N = 82 patients (0–17 years) seeking treatment for restrictive feeding and eating disorders and their parents. Clinical characteristics were derived from medical records, questionnaires, and objective anthropometrics.

Results

The number of residual restrictive eating disorders (rrED) significantly decreased from ICD‐10 to ICD‐11 due to a crossover to full‐threshold disorders, especially anorexia nervosa (AN) or ARFID. Patients reclassified to ICD‐11 ARFID were younger, had an earlier age of illness onset, more restrictive eating behaviors, and tended to have more somatic comorbidities compared to those reclassified to ICD‐11 AN. Patients with rrED according to both ICD‐10 and ICD‐11 were younger, had an earlier age of illness onset, less shape concern, and more somatic comorbidities than patients who were reclassified from ICD‐10 rrED to ICD‐11 AN or ARFID.

Discussion

This study highlights the inclusive approach of ICD‐11 criteria, paving the way for more targeted treatment, and ARFID's high clinical relevance. Future studies considering nonrestrictive feeding and eating disorders across the life span may allow further analyses on diagnostic crossover.

Public Significance

Changes in diagnostic criteria for restrictive eating disorders within the newly published ICD‐11 led to an increase in full‐threshold disorders, while the number of rrED was significantly lowered compared to ICD‐10 criteria. The results thus highlight the diagnostic utility of ICD‐11 criteria and may help providing adequate treatment to children and adolescents with rrED.
Divergent responses of generalist and specialist pollinators to experimental drought: Outcomes for plant reproduction
Authors: Gambel Jess , Holway David A.
Published: May 2023

Drought is an increasingly important consequence of climate change. Drought often causes plants to alter patterns of resource allocation, which in turn can affect how plants interact with other species. How these altered interactions subsequently influence plant reproductive success remains incompletely understood and may depend on the degree of specialization exhibited by antagonists and mutualists. Specialist pollinators, for example, are dependent on floral resources from their obligate hosts and under drought conditions may thus indiscriminately visit these hosts (at least in certain circumstances). Generalist pollinators, in contrast, may only forage on host plants in good condition, given that they can forage on other plant species. We tested this hypothesis and its consequences for plant reproduction in squash (Cucurbita pepo) grown along an experimental moisture gradient ranging from dry (growth and flowering compromised) to wet conditions. Floral visitation increased with plant soil moisture for generalist honey bees but was independent of plant soil moisture for specialist squash bees. Pollen production increased with plant soil moisture, and fluorescent pigments placed on flowers revealed that pollinators primarily moved pollen from male flowers on well‐watered plants to the stigmas of female flowers on well‐watered plants. Seed set increased with increasing plant soil moisture but, notably, was higher in bee‐pollinated plants compared to plants pollinated by hand with an even mix of pollen from plants grown at either end of the experimental moisture gradient. These results suggest that superior pollen rewards, perhaps combined with selective foraging by generalists, enhanced reproductive success in C. pepo when plant soil moisture was high and more generally illustrate that pollinator behavior may contribute to how drought conditions affect plant reproduction.
Effect of piston bowl geometry and spray angle on engine performance and emissions in HCCI engine using multi‐stage injection strategy
Authors: Mishra Advait , Kulshrestha Saksham , Patel Faisal Moin , Tiwari Nishant , Sharma Abhishek
Published: May 2023

The homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and combustion chamber geometry play significant roles in improving the potential of compression ignition engines and their environmental sustainability. However, a major hindrance to the progress of HCCI technology has been the notable decline in brake thermal efficiency and emit high levels of hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) which is mainly due to the low temperatures during combustion and low post oxidation of these components. Combustion chambers like hemispherical combustion chamber (TCC) and toroidal combustion chamber (TCC) are known to provide better combustion characteristics due to their increased surface‐to‐volume ratio. Moreover, injection timing and spray position have shown a significant effect on the controlling onset of combustion and emission in HCCI engine. Therefore, the primary objective of this numerical study is to enhance the engine characteristics in HCCI mode using an HCC and TCC piston bowl geometry coupled with multistage injection and compare the results with flat piston bowl geometry. The results show that the toroidal shape piston geometry provides 3%–5% higher brake thermal efficiency compared to the conventional piston geometry. Additionally, the energy balance analysis revealed that the combination of modified piston geometry and multi stage injection improved the combustion process by reducing the energy losses due to incomplete combustion and heat transfer to the engine walls. These findings suggest that the proposed injection strategy combined with modified piston geometry has the potential to enhance the performance of HCCI engines and reduce their environmental impact.