bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photochemical Properties of trans‐[Ru(NH3)4(bpa)(L)]2+ (L = py, isn, 4‐acpy or 4‐pic)
Authors: dos Santos Wagner Batista , Amorim Kelly Aparecida Encarnação , Galvão Anderson Dourado , Moraes Fabricio Tarso , Fortaleza Dario Batista , Pavanin Luiz Alfredo
Published: June 2019

Photochemical reactions of ruthenium (II) complexes of type trans‐[Ru(NH3)4LL']2+, where L is a nitrogenous heterocyclic ligand, pyridine (py), isonicotinamide (isn), 4‐acetylpyridine (4‐acpy) or 4‐picoline (4‐pic), and L´ is a 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane (bpa) ligand, were studied with the purpose of evaluating the ligand exchange when, in solution, the complexes are irradiated at the wavelengths of 365, 436, 480 and 519 nm. The study revealed that at lower wavelengths, a labilization process is observed for py and 4‐pic ligands, even at low quantum yields, indicating the dependence of the photolabeling process on the wavelength. The study also reveals that for the filters of greater wavelength, the processes of photolabilization do not occur for any of the studied complexes. The study also shows that there are no photolization processes for the complexes obtained with the isn and 4‐acpy ligands, and it is therefore possible to classify them as nonreactive.
The Growth‐promoting Mechanism of Unusual Spectroscopic Form of LH2 (LH4) from Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009 in Low Light
Authors: Zhao Xiaolan , Zhao Chungui , Yang Suping , Luo Jiafu
Published: June 2019

The experimental evidence for the growth‐promoting mechanism and the efficiency of energy transfer (EET) of LH4 under low light are still not available. To elucidate the light adaption mechanism of LH4, we deleted the genes pucBAd involved in the synthesis of the α/β polypeptides of LH4 in Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009. Compared to wild strain, the growth rate of pucBAd mutant significantly decreased under low light, while there were no significant changes in the growth rate, the contents and compositions of photopigments, absorption spectra of cell lysates under high light. Moreover, the fluorescence quantum efficiency (FQE) was used to further compare the EET between LH2 and LH4. The FQE in LH4 increased up to 1.5‐fold than did in LH2. Collectively, this study showed that LH4 could provide more and high energetic state photons for promoting bacterial phototrophic growth in response to low‐light environment.
A Peptide YGDEY from Tilapia Gelatin Hydrolysates Inhibits UVB‐mediated Skin Photoaging by Regulating MMP‐1 and MMP‐9 Expression in HaCaT Cells
Authors: Xiao Zhenbang , Liang Peng , Chen Jiali , Chen Mei‐Fang , Gong Fang , Li Chengyong , Zhou Chunxia , Hong Pengzhi , Yang Ping , Qian Zhong‐Ji
Published: June 2019

In this study, we investigated the protective effects of a peptide (YGDEY, Tyr‐Gly‐Asp‐Glu‐Tyr) isolated from tilapia skin gelatin hydrolysates (TGHs), against UVB‐induced photoaging in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells. Results showed that YGDEY significantly decreased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased antioxidant factors (Superoxide Dismutase, SOD and Glutathione, GSH) expression and maintained balance between GSH and GSSG in HaCaT cells. Comet assay shows that YGDEY can protect DNA from oxidative damage. Furthermore, it significantly inhibited MMP‐1 (collagenase) and MMP‐9 (gelatinase) expression and increased Type I procollagen production. In addition, the molecular docking study showed that YGDEY may form active sites with MMP‐1 and MMP‐9. Moreover, Western blot analysis was utilized to measure the protein levels of UVB‐induced mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathways. Therefore, these results suggested that YGDEY has a therapeutic effectiveness in prevention of UVB‐induced cellular damage, and it is a candidate worthy of being developed as a potential natural antioxidant and food additive.
Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy Properties of Sulfur‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dot and Methylene Blue Preparations in MCF‐7 Breast Cancer Cell Culture
Authors: Monroe Jerry D. , Belekov Ermek , Er Ali Oguz , Smith Michael E.
Published: June 2019

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a field with many applications including chemotherapy. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) exhibit a variety of unique properties and can be used in PDT to generate singlet oxygen that destroys pathogenic bacteria and cancer cells. The PDT agent, methylene blue (MB), like GQDs, has been successfully exploited to destroy bacteria and cancer cells by increasing reactive oxygen species generation. Recently, combinations of GQDs and MB have been shown to destroy pathogenic bacteria via increased singlet oxygen generation. Here, we performed a spectrophotometric assay to detect and measure the uptake of GQDs, MB and several GQD‐MB combinations in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. Then, we used a cell counting method to evaluate the cytotoxicity of GQDs, MB and a 1:1 GQD:MB preparation. Singlet oxygen generation in cells was then detected and measured using singlet oxygen sensor green. The dye, H2DCFDA, was used to measure reactive oxygen species production. We found that GQD and MB uptake into MCF‐7 cells occurred, but that MB, followed by 1:1 GQD:MB, caused superior cytotoxicity and singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species generation. Our results suggest that methylene blue's effect against MCF‐7 cells is not potentiated by GQDs, either in light or dark conditions.
Enzymatic Conversion of Cypridina Luciferyl Sulfate to Cypridina Luciferin with Coenzyme A as a Sulfate Acceptor in Cypridina (Vargula) hilgendorfii
Authors: Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Matsuda Kazuo , Nakamura Misaki , Yamashita Kyohei , Suzuki Tomoko , Inouye Satoshi
Published: June 2019

In the luminous ostracod Cypridina (presently Vargula) hilgendorfii, Cypridina luciferyl sulfate (3‐enol sulfate of Cypridina luciferin) is converted to Cypridina luciferin by a sulfotransferase with 3′‐phosphoadenosine‐5′‐phosphate (PAP) as a sulfate acceptor. The resultant Cypridina luciferin is used for the luciferase–luciferin reaction of Cypridina to emit blue light. The luminescence stimulation with major organic cofactors was examined using the crude extracts of Cypridina specimens, and we found that the addition of coenzyme A (CoA) to the crude extracts significantly stimulated luminescence intensity. Further, the light‐emitting source in the crude extracts stimulated with CoA was identified as Cypridina luciferyl sulfate, and we demonstrated that CoA could act as a sulfate acceptor from Cypridina luciferyl sulfate. In addition, the sulfate group of Cypridina luciferyl sulfate was also transferred to adenosine 5′‐monophosphate (5′‐AMP) and adenosine 3′‐monophosphate (3′‐AMP) by a sulfotransferase. The sulfated products corresponding to CoA, 5′‐AMP and 3′‐AMP were identified using mass spectrometry. This is the first report that CoA can act as a sulfate acceptor in a sulfotransferase reaction.
Identification of Potential Metabolites Mediating Bird’s Selective Feeding on Prunus mira Flowers
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Ying Hong , Pingcuo Gesang , Wang Shuo , Zhao Fan , Cui Yongning , Shi Jian , Zeng Hu , Zeng Xiuli
Published: June 2019

In peach orchards, birds severely damage flowers during blossom season, decreasing the fruit yield potential. However, the wild peach species Prunus mira shows intraspecific variations of bird damage, indicating that some of the wild trees have developed strategies to avert bird foraging. Motivated by this observation, we formulated the present study to identify the potential flower metabolites mediating the bird’s selective feeding behavior in P. mira flowers. The birds’ preferred (FG) and avoided (BFT) flowers were collected from wild P. mira trees at three different locations, and their metabolite contents were detected, quantified, and compared. The widely-targeted metabolomics approach was employed to detect a diverse set of 603 compounds, predominantly, organic acids, amino acid derivatives, nucleotide and its derivatives, and flavones. By quantitatively comparing the metabolite contents between FG and BFT, three candidate metabolites, including Eriodictiol 6-C-hexoside 8-C-hexoside-O-hexoside, Luteolin O-hexosyl-O-hexosyl-O-hexoside, and Salvianolic acid A, were differentially accumulated and showed the same pattern across the three sampling locations. Distinctly, Salvianolic acid A was abundantly accumulated in FG but absent in BFT, implying that it may be the potential metabolite attracting birds in some P. mira flowers. Overall, this study sheds light on the diversity of the floral metabolome in P. mira and suggests that the bird’s selective feeding behavior may be mediated by variations in floral metabolite contents.
How Does Active Participation Affect Consensus: Adaptive Network Model of Opinion Dynamics and Influence Maximizing Rewiring
Authors: Brede Markus
Published: June 2019

In this paper we study the impact of active participation, or deliberately seeking out other agents with an aim of convincing them, on the dynamics of consensus formation. For this purpose, we propose an adaptive network model in which two processes shape opinion dynamics at interwoven time‐scales as follows: (i) agents adapt their opinions subject to influence from social network neighbours who hold opinions within a tolerance interval δ and (ii) agents rewire network connections with an aim of maximizing their own influence on overall system opinion. We study this system both in an endogenous setting, in which all agents are subject to influence and also attempt to maximize influence, and in a setting of exogenous control, in which external agents not subject to influence adaptively attempt to maximize their influence. In both settings we find three regimes of stationary opinion configurations: (i) for low δ a regime of two evenly balanced radicalized opinion clusters at the extremes of the opinion space, (ii) for intermediate δ a ’winner‐takes‐most’ regime of two unevenly sized radicalized opinion clusters, and (iii) for large δ a regime in which very low spread compromise consensus states can be reached. Comparing to adaptive processes of random and deliberately spread‐reducing rewiring, we demonstrate that in regime (iii) competitive influence maximization can achieve near‐minimal opinion spread within near‐optimal times. Further, we also show that competitive influence maximizing rewiring can reduce the impact of small influential minorities on consensus states.
The Experimental Investigation of Longmaxi Shale Dynamic Parameters under Water-Based Mud Soaking
Authors: Dong Guangjian , Chen Ping , Yuan Heyi , Lu Yudi
Published: June 2019

Shale damage investigation is important in shale gas development. This paper is concerned with the experimental identification of ultrasonic wave velocities and damage mechanic parameters of Longmaxi shale under water-based mud soaking and confining pressure loading. The wave velocities increased with increasing confining pressure, while wave velocities decreased with increasing soaking time. The anisotropy of Young’s modulus decreases when confining pressure increases. As soaking time increases, the anisotropy coefficient increases. As soaking time and confining pressure rise, the damage parameters also show complex changes. The results are beneficial for shale gas development.
Dynamic Crack Propagation and Fracture Behavior of Pre-cracked Specimens under Impact Loading by Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar
Authors: Zhao Shijun , Zhang Qing
Published: June 2019

Deformation and fracture of brittle materials, especially crack propagation, have drawn wide attention in recent years. But dynamic crack propagation under impact loading was not well understood. In this paper, we experimentally tested Brazilian disk (BD) fine sandstone specimens containing pre-cracks under cyclic impact loading by theΦ74 mm diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test device. The pre-cracked specimens were named central straight through crack flattened Brazilian disk (CSCFBD). By using the low air-pressure loading conditions (0.1 MPa, equal to the impact velocity of 3.76 m/s), a series of dynamic impact tests were detected successfully, and the effects of pre-cracks on dynamic properties were analyzed. Experimental results show that the multiple cracks mostly initiate at/or near the pre-crack tips and then propagate in different paths and directions varying by inclination angles, leading to the ultimate failure. Compared to static or quasi-static loading, dynamic crack propagation and fracture behavior are obviously different. Furthermore, we characterized the crack propagation paths, directions, and fracture patterns and discussed the influences of the pre-cracks during the breakage process. We concluded that the results obtained are significant in investigating the failure mechanism and mechanical properties of brittle materials under impact loading.
Estimation of Inelastic Interstorey Drift for OSB/Gypsum Sheathed Cold-Formed Steel Structures under Collapse Level Earthquakes
Authors: Liu Xiangbin , Wu Hanheng , Sang Liurui , Sui Lu , Xu Congcong
Published: June 2019

In order to estimate the inelastic interstorey drift of cold-formed steel (CFS) framed structures under collapse level earthquakes, the deflection amplification factor ηp is employed in this paper to compute the maximum interstorey drift ratio (IDRmax) from an elastic analysis. For this purpose, a series of CFS wall specimens were tested under cyclic horizontal loads, and then the hysteresis model of the walls was put forward by test results. In terms of the hysteresis model, a large quantity of elastic-plastic time-history analysis of CFS building structures was conducted based on the storey shear-type model. Furthermore, the deflection amplification factor ηp for estimating IDRmax and the parameters were analyzed. The results indicate that the deflection amplification factor ηp is highly dependent on yielding coefficient of storey shear force ξy, storey number N, period of structure T, and ground acceleration records GA. Eventually, an approximate ξy-N-ηp relationship for estimating the deflection amplification factor ηp is proposed in this paper, which can be used for seismic design in practices.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B Using C/Fe Co-Doped Titanium Dioxide Coated on Activated Carbon
Authors: Le Thi Thanh Thuy , Nguyen Thi Lan , Tran Dinh Trinh , Nguyen Van Noi
Published: June 2019

Carbon and iron co-doped titanium dioxide catalyst coated on activated carbon (Fe-C-TiO2/AC) was successfully synthesized using the sol-gel method, followed by hydrothermal treatment. Commercial activated carbon was treated by HNO3 prior to being coated by the as-synthesized catalyst. The composite was characterized by XPS, XRD, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, IR, TEM, HR-TEM, and BET. The performance of the supported catalysts was evaluated in the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) in the solution under visible-light irradiation. The results showed that, with the appropriate amount of activated carbon, prepared Fe-C-TiO2/AC catalysts exhibited higher catalytic activities and Fe-C-TiO2/AC system showed the best performance. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of Fe-C-TiO2/AC was enhanced due to the synergistic effect between AC (adsorption effect) and Fe-C-TiO2 (photocatalysis effect). This facilitated the photocatalytic degradation of RhB by Fe-C-TiO2.
A Distributed Formation Control Scheme with Obstacle Avoidance for Multiagent Systems
Authors: Yang Xiaowu , Fan Xiaoping
Published: June 2019

This study considers the problem of formation control for second‐order multiagent systems. We propose a distributed nonlinear formation controller where the control input of each follower can be expressed as a product of a nonlinear term that relies on the distance errors under the leader–follower structure. In the leader–follower structure, a small number of agents are assumed to be the leaders, and they are responsible for steering a group of agents to the specific destination, while the rest of the agents are called followers. The stability of the proposed control laws is demonstrated by utilizing the Lyapunov function candidate. To solve the obstacle avoidance problem, the artificial potential approach is employed, and the agents can avoid each possible obstacle successfully without getting stuck in any local minimum point. The control problem of multiagent systems in the presence of unknown constant disturbances is also considered. To attenuate such disturbances, the integral term is introduced, and the static error is eliminated through the proposed PI controller, which makes the system stable; the adaptive controller is designed to reduce the effect of time‐varying disturbances. Finally, numerical simulation results are presented to support the obtained theoretical results.
Capacitated Facility Location and Allocation with Uncertain Demand for Tourism Logistics: A Multiobjective Optimisation Approach
Authors: Jin Zhiyang , Li Yang , Fu Guohua , Dai Kunhao , Qiu Na , Liu Jinyi , Lin Mao , Qin Zhennan
Published: June 2019

The paper develops a Multiobjective Optimisation (MOO) model for addressing Capacitated Facility Location Problem (CFLP) in tourism logistics, where two objectives are total of cost and customer service level. Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II) is used to solve the model. The illustrative case with imaginary data demonstrates that the model can figure out the location of the nodes of tourism logistics network and allocation of these sites, while the total of cost is reduced by up to 56.75% and customer service level is increased by an average of 105%. The distinction of this study compared to the current papers is that our model incorporates both items A and B to the subject matter of tourism logistics, where items A refer to tourism‐related products and items B involve personal goods of tourists. The model established is limited with one assumption and one limitation which are associated with Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) and the boundary of tourism logistics activity. Therefore, further research for the elimination of these limits is recommended.
Rumor Spreading of an SIHR Model in Heterogeneous Networks Based on Probability Generating Function
Authors: Li Jinxian , Hu Yanping , Jin Zhen
Published: June 2019

This paper focuses on the modeling of a rumor spreading in heterogeneous networks. Using the probability generating function method and pair approximation method, the current research obtains nonlinear differential equations to describe the dynamics of rumor spreading. The comparison between numerical simulations and Monte Carlo simulations confirms the accuracy of our model. Furthermore, the threshold condition is also obtained in this paper. The numerical simulation results show that the heterogeneity of the network accelerates the outbreak of rumors but reduces the maximum density of spreader and the scale of rumors. The present study also examines the effects of parameters on rumor transmission and the differences between rumor transmission recovery mechanisms and disease transmission recovery mechanisms.
Resistance of House Fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), to Five Insecticides in Zhejiang Province, China: The Situation in 2017
Authors: Wang Jin-Na , Hou Juan , Wu Yu-Yan , Guo Song , Liu Qin-Mei , Li Tian-Qi , Gong Zhen-Yu
Published: June 2019

Objectives. High dependency on pesticides could cause selection pressure leading to the development of resistance. This study was conducted to assess the resistance of the house fly, Musca domestica, to five insecticides, namely, permethrin, deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, propoxur, and dichlorvos, in Zhejiang Province. Methods. Field strains of house flies were collected from the 12 administrative districts in Zhejiang Province in 2011, 2014, and 2017, respectively. Topical application method was adopted for the bioassays. The probit analysis was used to determine the median lethal doses with the 95% confidence interval, and then the resistance ratio (RR) was calculated. The insecticides resistance in different years and the correlations of the resistance between different insecticides were also analyzed. Results. The resistance of field strains house flies to insecticides in Zhejiang Province was relatively common, especially for permethrin, deltamethrin, and beta-cypermethrin. The reversion of the resistance to dichlorvos was found, and most of the field strains in Zhejiang Province became sensitive to dichlorvos in 2017. Propoxur was much easier to cause very high level of resistance; the Hangzhou strain had the highest RR value more than 1000 in 2014, and five field strains had the RR value more than 100 in 2017. Compared to 2011 and 2014, the resistance of the house flies to propoxur and deltamethrin increased significantly in 2017. The resistance of permethrin, deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, and propoxur was significantly correlated with each other, and the resistance of dichlorvos was significantly correlated with beta-cypermethrin. Conclusions. Our results suggested that resistance was existed in permethrin, deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, and propoxur in the house flies of Zhejiang Province, while the resistance reversion to dichlorvos was found.
Tityus serrulatusScorpion Venom Induces Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Bernardes-Oliveira Emanuelly , Farias Kleber Juvenal Silva , Gomes Dayanne Lopes , Araújo Josélio Maria Galvão de , Silva Wilmar Dias da , Rocha Hugo Alexandre Oliveira , Donadi Eduardo Antônio , Fernandes-Pedrosa Matheus de Freitas , Crispim Janaina Cristiana de Oliveira
Published: June 2019

Cervical cancer (CC) is classified as the fourth most common type of cancer in women worldwide and remains a serious public health problem in many underdeveloped countries. Human papillomavirus (HPV), mainly types 16 and 18, has been established as a precursory etiologic agent for this type of cancer. Several therapeutic attempts have been studied and applied, aiming at its control. However, not only do classical treatments such as chemotherapies and radiotherapies target tumor cells, but also they cause damage to several healthy cells. For these reasons, the search for new biologically active chemotherapeutic components is of great importance. In this study, we investigated the effect ofTityus serrulatusscorpion venom (TsV) on CC lines. There are very few studies exploring venom of scorpions, and, to our knowledge, no study has been conducted using the venom of the scorpion TsV for treatment of cervical cancer lines. After challenge with TsV, the MTT assay demonstrated cytotoxic effect on HeLa line. Similarly, the cell death process in HeLa analyzed by flow cytometry suggests death via caspase, since the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk significantly reduced the apoptotic response to the treatment. These results suggest that venom of TsV can be a potential source for the isolation of effective antiproliferative and apoptotic molecules in the treatment of CC.
A Hybrid Predictive Strategy Carried through Simultaneously from Decision Space and Objective Space for Evolutionary Dynamic Multiobjective Optimization
Authors: Xu Peng , Wu Xiaoming , Guo Man , Wang Shuai , Li Qingya , Huang Weiping
Published: June 2019

There are many issues to consider when integrating 5G networks and the Internet of things to build a future smart city, such as how to schedule resources and how to reduce costs. This has a lot to do with dynamic multiobjective optimization. In order to deal with this kind of problem, it is necessary to design a good processing strategy. Evolutionary algorithm can handle this problem well. The prediction in the dynamic environment has been the very challenging work. In the previous literature, the location and distribution of PF or PS are mostly predicted by the center point. The center point generally refers to the center point of the population in the decision space. However, the center point of the decision space cannot meet the needs of various problems. In fact, there are many points with special meanings in objective space, such as ideal point and CTI. In this paper, a hybrid prediction strategy carried through from both decision space and objective space (DOPS) is proposed to handle all kinds of optimization problems. The prediction in decision space is based on the center point. And the prediction in objective space is based on CTI. In addition, for handling the problems with periodic changes, a kind of memory method is added. Finally, to compensate for the inaccuracy of the prediction in particularly complex problems, a self-adaptive diversity maintenance method is adopted. The proposed strategy was compared with other four state-of-the-art strategies on 13 classic dynamic multiobjective optimization problems (DMOPs). The experimental results show that DOPS is effective in dynamic multiobjective optimization.
Bayesian Dynamic Linear Model with Adaptive Parameter Estimation for Short-Term Travel Speed Prediction
Authors: Ma Tai-Yu , Pigné Yoann
Published: June 2019

Bayesian dynamic linear model is a promising method for time series data analysis and short-term forecasting. One research issue concerns how the predictive model adapts to changes in the system, especially when shocks impact system behavior. In this study, we propose an adaptive dynamic linear model to adaptively update model parameters for online system state prediction. The proposed method is an automatic approach based on the feedback of prediction errors at each time slot without the needs of external intervention. The experimental study on short-term travel speed prediction shows that the proposed method can significantly reduce the prediction errors of the traditional dynamic linear model and outperform two state-of-the-art methods in the case of major system behavior changes.
Role of PKR in the Inhibition of Proliferation and Translation by Polycystin-1
Authors: Tang Yan , Shi Guang , Yang JungWoo , Zheng Wang , Tang Jingfeng , Chen Xing-Zhen , Yang Jianzheng , Wang Zuocheng
Published: June 2019

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is mainly caused by mutations in the PKD1 (~85%) or PKD2 (~15%) gene which, respectively, encode polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2). How PC1 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis has been studied for decades but the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. Protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) is activated by interferons or double-stranded RNAs, inhibits protein translation, and induces cell apoptosis. In a previous study, we found that PC1 reduces apoptosis through suppressing the PKR/eIF2α signaling. Whether and how PKR is involved in PC1-inhibited proliferation and protein synthesis remains unknown. Here we found that knockdown of PKR abolishes PC1-inhibited proliferation and translation. Because suppressed PKR-eIF2α signaling/activity by PC1 would stimulate, rather than inhibit, the proliferation and translation, we examined the effect of dominant negative PKR mutant K296R that has no kinase activity and found that it enhances the inhibition of proliferation and translation by PC1. Thus, our study showed that inhibition of cell proliferation and protein synthesis by PC1 is mediated by the total expression but not the kinase activity of PKR, possibly through physical association.
A Novel Device Identification Method Based on Passive Measurement
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhang Hao , Cai Li-jun , Yu Ai-min , Shi Jin-qiao , Jiang Jian-guo
Published: June 2019

Nowadays, with the continuous integration of production network and business network, more and more Industrial Internet of Things and Internal Office Network have been interconnected and evolved into a large-scale enterprise-level intraindustry network. Terminal devices are the basic units of internal network. Accurate identification of the type of device corresponding to the IP address and detailed description of the communication behavior of the device are of great significance for conducting network security risk assessment, hidden danger investigation, and threat warning. Traditional cyberspace surveying and mapping techniques take the form of active measurement, but they cannot be transplanted to large-scale intranet. Resources or specific targets in internal networks are often protected by firewalls, VPNs, gateways, and other technologies, so they are difficult to analyze and determine by active measurement. In this paper, a passive measurement method is proposed to identify and characterize devices in the network through real traffic data. Firstly, a new graph structure mining method is used to determine the server-like devices and host-like devices; then, the NAT-like devices are determined by quantitative analysis of traffic; finally, by qualitative analysis of the NAT-like device traffic, it is determined whether there are server-like devices behind the NAT-like device. This method will prove to be useful in identifying all kinds of devices in network data traffic, detecting unauthorized NAT-like devices and whether there are server-like devices behind the NAT-like devices.
The Effect of Clothing on Vitamin D Status, Bone Turnover Markers, and Bone Mineral Density in Young Kuwaiti Females
Authors: Al-Yatama Fatima Ibrahim , AlOtaibi Fatemah , Al-Bader Maie Dawoud , Al-Shoumer Kamal A.
Published: June 2019

Many Arab women in the Gulf region cover their bodies for cultural and religious reasons, limiting the skin’s exposure to sunlight and therefore its ability to synthesize vitamin D. The aim of this study is to determine whether the clothing style of Kuwaiti premenopausal women affects their vitamin D status, bone marker expression, and bone density. Three groups of healthy unmarried single Kuwaiti females (20-35 years old; n=30 per group) were recruited randomly from the general community: a control group who wear Western-style clothing (unveiled group), a group who wear a hejab that covers the whole body except for the face and hands (hejab group), and a group who wear a black veil with the entire body covered (veiled group). Bone mineral density (BMD), bone markers (procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide [P1NP], osteocalcin, andβ-CrossLaps), 25-hydroxy vitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH], and calcitonin were measured. The bone marker osteocalcin was significantly higher in the hejab group compared to the control group, whereas P1NP andβ-CrossLaps were significantly higher in the veiled group compared to the control group. 25-hydroxy vitamin D, iPTH, calcitonin, and BMD were not significantly different across the three groups despite the observed elevation in bone turnover markers. The majority of participants in all three groups exhibited vitamin D deficiency; however, the lowest vitamin D levels were observed among the hejab and veiled participants. These findings suggest that clothing style may contribute to vitamin D deficiency in young Kuwaiti women.
Enhancing Activity of Pd-Based/rGO Catalysts by Al-Si-Na Addition in Ethanol Electrooxidation in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Nguyen Minh Dang , Tran Lien Thi , Nguyen Quang Minh , Nguyen Thao Thi , Vu Thu Ha Thi
Published: June 2019

The article presents modified Pd-based catalysts supported on reduced graphene oxide (rGO), used in the electrooxidation reaction of ethanol in alkaline medium. When NaBH4 reducing agent was used, the random presence of Na was found out. According to this result, Na was used as a promoter of Pd-based catalyst. Consequently, the Al-Si-Na addition not only assisted active phase Pd nanoparticles to disperse homogenously on graphene surport, but also contributed to increase catalytic activity in the reaction. This value, 16138 mA·mg−1Pd, is about 1.5 times higer than that of the catalyst modified by Al-Si. Moreover, the stability of the catalyst is enhanced more. The electrochemical stability of PASGN.N catalyst was relatively good: after 500 scanning cycles, the current density diminished 32% compared with the highest peak current density of the 15th cycle, which was chosen as a reference. These significant improvement results in electrooxidation of ethanol have opened up the high potential application of these catalysts in direct-ethanol fuel cell.
Reverse Cast Metallic Core Based on the Original Prosthetic Crown
Authors: Pereira Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli , Accetturi Fernando , Eleutério Rachel Gomes , Buchaim Daniela Vieira , Buchaim Rogério Leone , Clemente-Napimoga Juliana Trindade
Published: June 2019

The dental crown can be restored using the root in clinical situations where the dental remnant allows adequate anchorage by the use of an intraradicular retainer. After endodontic treatment, reconstruction of the dental anatomy depends on correct planning and the type of restoration to be used. This requires reestablishment of form and function with creation of anchoring features, avoiding detachment and favoring the distribution of forces, thus preventing fracture of the remnant due to functional and parafunctional forces applied on the tooth. This paper reports the clinical case of a patient who sought dental care for a full metal-ceramic crown with a cast metallic core with reduced length that had been detached from tooth 24. After clinical and radiographic examination, root integrity was verified. The patient was offered reconstruction with a cast metallic core of satisfactory length, providing adequate retention and support, with reutilization of the original prosthetic crown, serving as a reverse template of the coronal portion of this new core, providing reduction in costs and operational time.
Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Major Triggers for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Steven Sebastian , Frenis Katie , Oelze Matthias , Kalinovic Sanela , Kuntic Marin , Bayo Jimenez Maria Teresa , Vujacic-Mirski Ksenija , Helmstädter Johanna , Kröller-Schön Swenja , Münzel Thomas , Daiber Andreas
Published: June 2019

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and reduced quality of life, proven by the latest data of the Global Burden of Disease Study, and is only gaining in prevalence worldwide. Clinical trials have identified chronic inflammatory disorders as cardiovascular risks, and recent research has revealed a contribution by various inflammatory cells to vascular oxidative stress. Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease are closely associated with inflammation, probably due to the close interaction of inflammation with oxidative stress. Classical therapies for inflammatory disorders have demonstrated protective effects in various models of cardiovascular disease; especially established drugs with pleiotropic immunomodulatory properties have proven beneficial cardiovascular effects; normalization of oxidative stress seems to be a common feature of these therapies. The close link between inflammation and redox balance was also supported by reports on aggravated inflammatory phenotype in the absence of antioxidant defense proteins (e.g., superoxide dismutases, heme oxygenase-1, and glutathione peroxidases) or overexpression of reactive oxygen species producing enzymes (e.g., NADPH oxidases). The value of immunomodulation for the treatment of cardiovascular disease was recently supported by large-scale clinical trials demonstrating reduced cardiovascular mortality in patients with established atherosclerotic disease when treated by highly specific anti-inflammatory therapies (e.g., using monoclonal antibodies against cytokines). Modern antidiabetic cardiovascular drugs (e.g., SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, and GLP-1 analogs) seem to share these immunomodulatory properties and display potent antioxidant effects, all of which may explain their successful lowering of cardiovascular risk.
A Qualitative Study Identifying Barriers and Facilitators of Physical Activity in Rural Communities
Authors: Gilbert Amanda S. , Duncan Dixie D. , Beck Alan M. , Eyler Amy A. , Brownson Ross C.
Published: June 2019

Background. Physical activity (PA) rates are lower in rural populations, compared to urban and suburban counterparts. Since PA is shown to decrease the risk of cancers and chronic diseases, increasing PA in rural environments is an important disease-prevention strategy. However, in order to develop effective interventions for rural populations, more research is needed. The purpose of the study was to elicit rural residents’ thoughts and perceptions related to PA and walking trail use. Methods. Key informant interviews were conducted via telephone, with 62 adults, living in six rural communities in southeast Missouri, who identified as stakeholders, walking trail users, and nontrail users. Participants were recruited through word of mouth and snowball sampling. Interviews were digitally audio-recorded, transcribed, and qualitatively analyzed. Findings. Analysis revealed variation within the rural population, with each town unique in what constituted barriers and facilitators to PA. Life priorities other than physical health were found to be important motivators to PA and also influenced how PA was obtained. Community size was found to impact community resources and infrastructure, although this was mitigated by poverty rates. Conclusion. Rural communities are distinct from one another with different views and approaches to PA. Future interventions designed to increase PA should be mindful of differences at the individual and town levels and avoid a one-size-fits-all approach. Interventions would benefit from insight and support from community members and stakeholders, to facilitate a tailored approach to increase PA.
Hybrid Parallel FDTD Calculation Method Based on MPI for Electrically Large Objects
Authors: Shi Qingwu , Zou Bin , Zhang Lamei , Liu Desheng
Published: June 2019

At present, the Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted more and more researchers' attention. Electromagnetic scattering calculation usually has the characteristics of large-scale calculation, high space-time complexity, and high precision requirement. For the background and objectives of complex environment, it is difficult for a single computer to achieve large-scale electromagnetic scattering calculation and to obtain corresponding large data. Therefore, we use Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) combined with Internet of Things, cloud computing, and other technologies to solve the above problems. In this paper, we focus on the FDTD method and use it to simulate electromagnetic scattering of electrically large objects. FDTD method has natural parallelism. A computing network cluster based on MPI is constructed. POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface of UNIX) multithreading technology is conducive to enhancing the computing power of multicore CPU and to realize multiprocessor multithreading hybrid parallel FDTD. For two-dimension CPU and memory resources, the Dominant Resource Fairness (DRF) algorithm is used to achieve load balancing scheduling, which guarantees the computing performance. The experimental results show that the hybrid parallel FDTD algorithm combined with load balancing scheduling can solve the problem of low computational efficiency and improve the success rate of task execution.
The Effect of Clenching and Occlusal Instability on Body Weight Distribution, Assessed by a Postural Platform
Authors: Michalakis Konstantinos X. , Kamalakidis Savvas N. , Pissiotis Argiris L. , Hirayama Hiroshi
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this research project was to investigate whether or not clenching and occlusal instability of Angle’s Class I malocclusion have an effect on body weight distribution in healthy adult subjects. Twenty adults (fourteen males and six females, ages 27-40, mean age 31.7 years, SD 3.32) were included in this study. The MatScan (Tekscan Inc., Boston, MA) system was used to measure the body weight distribution changes of the subjects. Four body weight distribution measurements were taken for each subject while (1) the mandible was in the rest position (no tooth contact) (RES), (2) subject was clenching (maximum intercuspation of the teeth with heavy occlusal forces) (CL), (3) subject was clenching on the right side (with 1 mm disocclusion on the left side) (CLR), and (4) subject was clenching on the left side (with 1 mm disocclusion on the right side) (CLL). The lateral and the anteroposterior body weight distribution changes during the different clenching conditions (both sides, right, and left) were compared to those at which the mandible was at the rest position. The statistical significance of these results was tested with a Chi-Squared test (p<0.05). Based on the findings of the present study it was concluded that clenching and occlusal instability are associated with lateral body weight distribution changes.
The Protective Effect of Dietary Phytosterols on Cancer Risk: A Systematic Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jiang Lu , Zhao Xin , Xu Jun , Li Chujun , Yu Yue , Wang Wei , Zhu Lingjun
Published: June 2019

Backgrounds/Aims. Many studies have explored the association between dietary phytosterols and cancer risk, but the results have been inconsistent. We aimed to provide a synopsis of the current understanding of phytosterol intake for cancer risk through a systematic evaluation of the results from previous studies. Methods. We performed a literature search of PUBMED, EMBASE, CNKI, and Wanfang, and studies published before May 2019 focusing on dietary total phytosterols, β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitostanol, and campestanol, as well as their relationships with cancer risk, were included in this meta-analysis. Summaries of the relative risks from 11 case-control and case-cohort studies were eventually estimated by randomized or fixed effects models. Results. The summary relative risk for the highest versus the lowest intake was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.49–0.81) for total phytosterols, 0.74 (95% CI = 0.54–1.02) for β-sitosterol, 0.72 (95% CI = 0.51–1.00) for campesterol, 0.83 (95% CI = 0.60–1.16) for stigmasterol, 1.12 (95% CI = 0.96–1.32) for β-sitostanol, and 0.77 (95% CI = 0.65–0.90) for campestanol. In a dose-response analysis, the results suggested a linear association for campesterol and a nonlinear association for total phytosterol intake. Conclusion. Our findings support the hypothesis that high phytosterol intake is inversely related to risk of cancer. Further studies with prospective designs that control for vital confounders and investigate the important anticancer effects of dietary phytosterols are warranted.
Verification of Convergence Rates of Numerical Solutions for Parabolic Equations
Authors: Jeong Darae , Li Yibao , Lee Chaeyoung , Yang Junxiang , Choi Yongho , Kim Junseok
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we propose a verification method for the convergence rates of the numerical solutions for parabolic equations. Specifically, we consider the numerical convergence rates of the heat equation, the Allen–Cahn equation, and the Cahn–Hilliard equation. Convergence test results show that if we refine the spatial and temporal steps at the same time, then we have the second‐order convergence rate for the second‐order scheme. However, in the case of the first‐order in time and the second‐order in space scheme, we may have the first‐order or the second‐order convergence rates depending on starting spatial and temporal step sizes. Therefore, for a rigorous numerical convergence test, we need to perform the spatial and the temporal convergence tests separately.
Safety Concerns of Traditional Chinese Medicine Injections Used in Chinese Children
Authors: Tan Liping , Li Mujin , Lin Ying
Published: June 2019

Objective. To explore risks underlying traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in Chinese children, and to discuss the implications of postmarketing reevaluation studies. Methods. We identified potential cases of exposure to TCM injections for children (<18 years of age) and adults (18 years and upwards) from database of ADRs. First, the associations between TCM injection-related ADRs and three administration routes (i.e., intravenous or intramuscular administration, oral administration, and external use) and the imbalance of TCM injection-related ADRs between the paediatric and adult populations were tested using the Chi-square (χ2) test. Second, the proportional reporting ratio (PPR) was applied to identify statistically significant associations between drugs and anaphylactic shock in the paediatric population. Results. The χ2 test revealed that the highest frequency of paediatric ADRs was due to 5 types of herbal injections (i.e., Shuanghuanglian (SHL), Yuxingcao (YXC), Qingkailing (QKL), Xiyanping (XYP), and Reduning (RDN) herbal injections) (P<0.000), and the reports of ADRs attributed to the XYP and RDN herbal injections in children accounted for a greater proportion than the reports for adults (P<0.000). The PPR identified 5 types of herbal injections-anaphylactic shock pairs (i.e., the SHL, XYP, QKL, YXC, and Fufang Danshen herbal injections) that met the minimum criteria (i.e., a PPR of at least 2 and χ2 of at least 4 and three or more cases), which suggested that TCM injections were significantly associated with anaphylactic shock. Conclusions. TCM injections pose graver risks to the paediatric population than the adult population. To achieve optimal benefits and minimal risk to children treated with TCM injections, we suggest reevaluating the effectiveness and safety, monitoring the risks, and promoting rational use of TCM injections in Chinese children.
Hybrid State Variable Incremental Integral for Reconstructing Extreme Multistability in Memristive Jerk System with Cubic Nonlinearity
Authors: Chen Mo , Feng Yang , Bao Han , Bao Bocheng , Wu Huagan , Xu Quan
Published: June 2019

Memristive system with infinitely many equilibrium points has attracted much attention for the generation of extreme multistability, whose initial‐dependent dynamics can be interpreted in a reduced‐order model through incremental integral transformation of state variables. But, the memristive system with any extra nonlinear terms besides the memristor ones cannot be handled directly using this method. In addition, the transformed state variables could be divergent due to the asymmetry of the original system. To solve these problems, a hybrid state variable incremental integral (HSVII) method is proposed in this paper. With this method, the extreme multistability in a four‐dimensional (4D) memristive jerk system with cubic nonlinearity is successfully reconstituted in a three‐dimensional (3D) model and the divergent state variables are eliminated through ingenious linear state variable mapping. Thus, mechanism analysis and physical control of the special extreme multistability can readily be performed. A hardware circuit is finally designed and fabricated, and the theoretical and numerical results are verified by the experimental measurements. It is demonstrated that this HSVII method is effective for the analysis of multistable system with high‐order nonlinearities.