bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heteroatom‐Interchanged Isomers of Lissoclinamide 5: Copper(II) Complexation, Halide Binding, and Biological Activity
Authors: Xie Sida , Savchenko Andrei I. , Kerscher Marion , Grange Rebecca L. , Krenske Elizabeth H. , Harmer Jeffrey R. , Bauer Michelle J. , Broit Natasa , Watters Dianne J. , Boyle Glen M. , Bernhardt Paul V. , Parsons Peter G. , Comba Peter , Gahan Lawrence R. , Williams Craig M.
Published: April 2018

Cyclic peptides, especially those produced by marine cyanobacteria symbionts, are considered to play an important ecological role in host defence. Chemists have long compared the cyclic peptide cavitand architecture with that of macrocyclic ligands, and proposed that they mediate metal‐ion transport. The study presented herein investigated the metal chelation of non‐natural heteroatom‐interchanged (HI) isomers of lissoclinamide 5, by using MS, EPR, and DFT calculations. The latter identified three possible structures for the CuII complex with natural lissoclinamide 5, with the most likely determined to be that with the metal ion bound through the nitrogen donors of the thiazoles and one deprotonated amide. For HI‐lissoclinamide 5 the calculations suggest that the CuII ion is bound in a bidentate manner by the oxazoline nitrogen atom and one deprotonated amide nitrogen atom, with the S donor of the thiazole not involved in coordination. Along with evidence of copper binding these systems also bound halide ions. Evaluation of the anti‐cancer properties demonstrated that the biological activity of HI‐lissoclinamide 5 against T24 bladder cells was eleven‐fold lower as compared to natural lissoclinamide 5. Addition of a CuII salt had no effect on the activity of lissoclinamide 5. Overall, this comprehensive study of the HI concept has demonstrated that small changes propagate dramatic effects in complexation, halide binding, and biological activity.
Insights into the in Vitro and in Vivo SAR of Abscisic Acid – Exploring Unprecedented Variations of the Side Chain via Cross‐Coupling‐Mediated Syntheses
Authors: Frackenpohl Jens , Grill Erwin , Bojack Guido , Baltz Rachel , Busch Marco , Dittgen Jan , Franke Jana , Freigang Jörg , Gonzalez Susana , Heinemann Ines , Helmke Hendrik , Hills Martin , Hohmann Sabine , von Koskull‐Döring Pascal , Kleemann Jochen , Lange Gudrun , Lehr Stefan , Müller Thomas , Peschel Elisabeth , Poree Fabien , Schmutzler Dirk , Schulz Arno , Willms Lothar , Wunschel Christian
Published: April 2018

Novel analogues of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) were designed and prepared to explore the impact that modifications of its terpenoid side chain have on receptor affinity and in vivo efficacy against drought stress in selected crops. Their efficient and versatile synthesis proceeded via Stille or Sonogashira couplings, shortening the synthetic route significantly. In line with molecular modelling and X‐ray crystallography studies novel ABA‐derivatives with small alkyl, cycloalkyl or haloalkyl substituents showed strong effects in vitro and in vivo against drought stress in crops, particularly canola and wheat.
Compare nationwide financial aid statistics with your institution's practices
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: April 2018

How do your institution's students compare with those at other institutions in the amount of aid they receive and the amount of debt they take on in pursuit of their degrees?
The Value of Lived Experience
Authors: Preskill Hallie
Published: April 2018

Hallie Preskill documents a lifelong interest in stories, inquiry, and intuition as essential elements of her evaluation rationality.
In My Case, Evaluation Began at Home
Authors: King Jean A.
Published: April 2018

Jean A. King describes her participatory teaching process, which she learned from both her parents, as prefiguring her formal evaluation process. She prefers to spend a lot of time getting to know people and sharing her values associated with systematic thinking, eventually building on her stakeholders’ related values to help them be participatory evaluation collaborators. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20309/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
A General Pattern and Implications Across All Cases
Authors: Williams David Dwayne
Published: April 2018

Williams illustrates a general pattern he found across all the evaluators he interviewed by quoting briefly from each evaluator's story. He also explores possible implications for evaluators and their stakeholder audiences.
Reeling Them In: Initial Insight into the Factors Affecting Presentation Attendance at American Fisheries Society Meetings
Authors: Honsey Andrew E , Loppnow Grace L , Martin Timothy J , Schroeder Leslie A , Tomamichel Megan M , Huempfner Nathan T , Venturelli Paul A
Published: April 2018

Attendance at professional conferences is well studied, but few studies have analyzed presentation attendance within a conference. Understanding why some presentations attract larger audiences than others can be useful for both presenters and conference organizers. To this end, we applied a random forest model to data from 1,676 presentations at the 2015 Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society in Portland, Oregon. Our results suggested that presentation time and location, presenter travel distance and h-index (a metric of scholarly impact), and the lengths of titles and abstracts were important drivers of attendance. Based on these results, we suggest ways for organizers to maximize attendance potential and for presenters to attract large audiences. Finally, we suggest ways to improve data collection and analysis, and we highlight how insight into presentation attendance can benefit the planning and evaluation of future meetings.
Debating Residential Demand Charges and Time‐of‐Use Rates
Authors: Chapman Bruce , O'Sheasy Michael
Published: April 2018

Traditionally, residential electric customers of most utilities have been served under rates that have emphasized simplicity.
Developing a Cybersecurity Protocol for Your Operational Environment
Authors: McIntyre Annie
Published: April 2018

Everyone knows that owning critical infrastructure assets comes with the responsibility to operate and maintain a safe and secure environment. Developing a cybersecurity protocol for your operational environment seems like common sense, and most would assume that, similar to a safety program, their organizations maintain a security protocol. The truth is that bustling daily operations, evolving technologies, and vague return on investment mean that comprehensive plans to manage cybersecurity are often pushed to the bottom of the priority list.
Genesis of the main types of sulphide ore in the Jinchuan Ni–Cu–PGE deposit, NW China: Constraints from texture and mineral chemistry of pyrrhotite
Authors: Jiao Jiangang , Rui Huichao , Duan Jun
Published: April 2018

The Jinchuan Ni‐Cu‐PGE deposit is one of the three largest magmatic Ni deposits in the world. Disseminated, net‐textured, Cu‐rich sulphide ores and massive sulphide ores are the most important ore types. The genesis of different ore types and the mineralization processes of the Jinchuan deposit remain controversial. Three hypotheses have been proposed by previous studies, including the in situ sulphide segregation of sulphide‐bearing magma, deep segregation‐multiple injections, and hydrothermal superimposition. To understand the genesis of different ore types, we studied the occurrence, intergrowth textures, and mineral chemistry of pyrrhotite in four types of sulphide ore using magnetic colloid experiment and electron probe microanalysis. Pure hexagonal pyrrhotites (Hpo) in disseminated and net‐textured sulphide ores display higher M/S values, indicating a slow cooling process in a high‐temperature and low‐S magmatic system. Irregular intergrowth pyrrhotites occur in disseminated, net‐textured, and Cu‐rich sulphide ores. Dusty, stellate, and patchy monoclinic pyrrhotites (Mpo) occur along the fissures and grain boundaries of Hpo or the contact boundaries of silicate minerals, suggesting the interaction of Hpo and sulphur‐ and/or oxygen‐rich hydrothermal fluids. Monoclinic pyrrhotite occurs as roughly parallel lamellae in the matrix of Hpo and lacks of pyrite porphyroblasts in massive sulphide ores, indicating a rapid reduction of temperature in a high‐S magmatic system. The Cu‐rich sulphide ores are characterized by a relatively high proportion of chalcopyrite and comparatively high Pt and Pd (PPGE) and low Os, Ir, Ru (IPGE), and Rh concentrations, indicating a fractional crystallization of monosulphide solid solution from sulphide melts, and then the residual sulphide melts mineralized in a local place.
Central China Orogen along the Silk Road (Part 2): Mineral deposits, hydrocarbons, geohazards, and environments
Authors: Li Sanzhong , Suo Yanhui , Yu Shengyao , Li Rongxi , Yang Gaoxue , Somerville Ian
Published: April 2018

This special issue (Volume 2) belongs to the special issues on Central China Orogen along the Silk Road. We selected 35 papers to focus on the mineral deposits, hydrocarbons, geohazards, and environments along the Central China Orogen of the Silk Road. We hope that these papers will highlight more research along the Silk Road to promote the construction and development of the Road and Belt.
Organizational Pressures Driving the Growth of Contingent Faculty
Authors: Frye Joanna R.
Published: April 2018

Organizational pressures influence the restructuring of the academic workforce. This chapter describes the key factors associated with increased hiring of contingent faculty.
Contingent Faculty at Community Colleges: The Too‐Often Overlooked and Under‐Engaged Faculty Majority
Authors: Thirolf Kathryn Q. , Woods Rebekah S.
Published: April 2018

A wide majority—nearly 70%—of faculty at community colleges teach part‐time. If community colleges are serious about focusing more on supporting the success of their students, they must focus more on engaging and supporting their part‐time faculty.
Contingent Faculty Composition and Utilization: Perspectives From Independent Colleges and Universities
Authors: Morphew Christopher , Ward Kelly , Wolf‐Wendel Lisa
Published: April 2018

This chapter presents a study that explores how faculty composition at independent colleges and universities in the United States has shifted from minimal representation of contingent faculty members in the past to a greater representation presently and the disproportionate expectations and roles placed on these faculty members. Based on the findings, the chapter offers recommendations on how to integrate contingent faculty appropriately to align with institutional missions.
The Use of Water Meters
Authors: Beardsley J. C.
Published: April 2018

From today's advanced metering infrastructure to improvements in low‐flow accuracy, J.C. Beardsley would likely be proud of the current state of water metering in North America, although he may have taken issue with how long it took to get here. Regardless, Mr. Beardsley's 1917 article describes how accurate metering is a first step in the equitable distribution of costs to customers as well as the importance of a utility's testing program to ensuring meter accuracy.
Notes on Fire Protection
Authors: Mercer Kenneth L. , Hooper T.N.
Published: April 2018

Similar to the public's understanding in 1916, the general public of today still does not appreciate the role that fire protection plays in the distribution of safe drinking water. T.N. Hooper's 1916 Journal AWWA paper highlights this unfortunate truth from a century ago, but it also does a masterful job at describing the evolution of a community's water works as it grows. Add 100 years of use and change to an already complex, variable, and active system, and it should be easy to understand the challenges that face those who manage and operate water distribution systems. Finally, Hooper's paper underscores the need for utilities to maintain working relationships with fire departments in their service areas, and in the era of big data, it seems likely that information shared between the two can help utilities better understand pressure and flow variations in their distribution system and potentially anticipate impacts on customers in affected areas.
The Efficacy of Child Parent Relationship Therapy for Adoptive Families: A Replication Study
Authors: Opiola Kristie K. , Bratton Sue C.
Published: April 2018

This randomized controlled replication study examined the effectiveness of child parent relationship therapy (CPRT) with 49 adoptive families. Statistically significant improvement and large treatment effects for child behavior problems, parent–child relationship stress, and parents' empathic interactions with their children indicated the effectiveness of CPRT over treatment as usual. Findings confirm Carnes‐Holt and Bratton's () results and provide strong support for CPRT as a responsive intervention for adoptive families.
Procrastination, Self‐Downing, Self‐Doubt, and Rational Beliefs: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Balkis Murat , Duru Erdinç
Published: April 2018

A cross‐sectional study tested the integrated effects of self‐downing, self‐doubt, and rational beliefs on procrastination in a sample of Turkish undergraduate students (N = 315). Results suggest that both self‐downing and rational beliefs have a direct and interactive effect on self‐doubt, and self‐doubt mediates the relationship between self‐downing and procrastination. Results suggest that the indirect effect of self‐downing on procrastination via the mediation of self‐doubt may vary depending on the level of rational beliefs. Implications for counselors and future research directions are discussed.
Dynamic probability of reinforcement for cooperation: Random game termination in the centipede game
Authors: Krockow Eva M. , Colman Andrew M. , Pulford Briony D.
Published: April 2018

Experimental games have previously been used to study principles of human interaction. Many such games are characterized by iterated or repeated designs that model dynamic relationships, including reciprocal cooperation. To enable the study of infinite game repetitions and to avoid endgame effects of lower cooperation toward the final game round, investigators have introduced random termination rules. This study extends previous research that has focused narrowly on repeated Prisoner's Dilemma games by conducting a controlled experiment of two‐player, random termination Centipede games involving probabilistic reinforcement and characterized by the longest decision sequences reported in the empirical literature to date (24 decision nodes). Specifically, we assessed mean exit points and cooperation rates, and compared the effects of four different termination rules: no random game termination, random game termination with constant termination probability, random game termination with increasing termination probability, and random game termination with decreasing termination probability. We found that although mean exit points were lower for games with shorter expected game lengths, the subjects' cooperativeness was significantly reduced only in the most extreme condition with decreasing computer termination probability and an expected game length of two decision nodes.
Gene therapy for Glut1‐deficient mouse using an adeno‐associated virus vector with the human intrinsic GLUT1 promoter
Authors: Nakamura Sachie , Muramatsu Shin‐ichi , Takino Naomi , Ito Mika , Jimbo Eriko F. , Shimazaki Kuniko , Onaka Tatsushi , Ohtsuki Sumio , Terasaki Tetsuya , Yamagata Takanori , Osaka Hitoshi
Published: April 2018

Background

We generated an adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vector in which the human SLC2A1 gene, encoding glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1), was expressed under the human endogenous GLUT1 promoter (AAV‐GLUT1). We examined whether AAV‐GLUT1 administration could lead to functional improvement in GLUT1‐deficient mice.

Methods

We extrapolated human endogenous GLUT1 promoter sequences from rat minimal Glut1 promoter sequences. We generated a tyrosine‐mutant AAV9/3 vector in which human SLC2A1‐myc‐DDK was expressed under the human GLUT1 promoter (AAV‐GLUT1). AAV‐GLUT1 was administered to GLUT1‐deficient mice (GLUT1+/– mice) via intracerebroventricular injection (1.85 × 1010 vg/mouse or 6.5 × 1010 vg/mouse). We analyzed exogenous GLUT1 mRNA and protein expression in the brain and other major organs. We also examined improvements of cerebral microvasculature, motor function using rota‐rod and footprint tests, as well as blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose levels. Additionally, we confirmed exogenous GLUT1 protein distribution in the brain and other organs after intracardiac injection (7.8 × 1011 vg/mouse).

Results

Exogenous GLUT1 protein was strongly expressed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamus. It was mainly expressed in endothelial cells, and partially expressed in neural cells and oligodendrocytes. Motor function and CSF glucose levels were significantly improved following intracerebroventricular injection. Exogenous GLUT1 expression was not detected in other organs after intracerebroventricular injection of AAV‐GLUT1, whereas it was detected in the liver and muscle tissue after intracardiac injection.

Conclusions

Exogenous GLUT1 expression after AAV‐GLUT1 injection approximated that of physiological human GLUT1 expression. Local central nervous system administration of AAV‐GLUT1 improved CSF glucose levels and motor function of GLUT1‐deficient mice and minimized off‐target effects.
The conjunction fallacy in profiles of victims of homicide
Authors: Dearden Thomas E.
Published: April 2018

Using basic probability theory, estimates of the characteristics of the average homicide victim are calculated using the notion of disjoint probability. The assumption of disjoint events (e.g., the victim's race bears no effect on the offender's weapon choice) is then tested empirically using the Uniform Crime Report‐Supplementary Homicide Report. Exploratory results suggest that many demographic and situational characteristics taken together are only slightly more related than chance. Put simply, the average profile of homicide victims portrayed by the media becomes less likely as demographic variables are added. A survey was conducted to test whether individuals conjoined these characteristics, thinking they were more likely to occur together. Consistent with the conjunction fallacy, many participants overestimated the likelihood that certain demographic or situational characteristics will occur together, and some overestimated it to a mathematically impossible degree. These two experiments showcase the difficulty in displaying statistical profiling and how it affects the public's perception of offenders.
Spectral decomposition of Raman spectra of mixed‐phase TiO2 thin films on Si and silicate substrates
Authors: Schipporeit Sebastian , Mergel Dieter
Published: April 2018

We present a method to fit Raman spectra of TiO2 thin films on silicon wafers, fused silica, and crown glass with adjustable model spectra of the different components of the substrate and the thin film. With reasonable restrictions of the fitting parameters, the method developed in this paper allows a simultaneous fit to the measured spectra. The TiO2 thin film spectrum is split into one spectrum for the amorphous phase and spectra for each crystalline phase (anatase, rutile, and brookite) being divided into first‐order scattering and a phase background (including second‐order scattering). Moreover, if the substrate is luminescent, the substrate spectrum is split into luminescence and Raman spectra. All decisions on parameters are made by the fitting procedure within a simultaneous fit of a series of spectral models to the observed Raman spectrum. The main strategies for preparing such models are pointed out in a way that they should be applicable to other materials.

TiO2 is a promising and flexible material for photocatalytic applications with rapidly growing interest in mixed‐phase TiO2 as nanostructured material or thin film. For the analysis of such films, it is important to differentiate the signals of the various phases and to distinguish between signals from the substrate and the film. This provides a means to improve the quantitative evaluation of Raman spectra.
Windowing television content: Lessons for digital business models
Authors: Parry Glenn , Pogrebna Ganna , Vendrell‐Herrero Ferran
Published: April 2018

There is a market for successful distribution of television content using a Windowing strategy. This article investigates if a strategy where content is made available to consumers through different channels over time, a “Windowing” business models, is appropriate for releasing television programs. By initially exposing consumers to a controlled quantity of free content greater value can be captured at later stages as 55% of these consumers are 13–20% more likely to become paying subscribers.
Managerial practices and the productivity of knowledge‐intensive service businesses: An analysis of digital/IT and cash management practices
Authors: Horváth Krisztina , Szerb László
Published: April 2018

Knowledge‐intensive service firms achieve superior productivity levels with management practices oriented to improve the relationship with customers. Managerial practices linked to digital and IT‐based practices and cash management techniques contribute to enhance SMEs’ productivity level. The positive effect of cash management techniques and digital/IT‐based practices is conditioned by the characteristics of the businesses’ operations, in our case, the knowledge orientation of the organization. While nonknowledge‐based businesses benefit more from practices linked to digitization and IT practices, knowledge‐intensive businesses capitalize more on management practices that seek to improve the relationship with customers.
Ion Exchange/Vacuum Dehydration Treatment of Phosphate Esters in Industrial Applications
Authors: Duchowski J.K. , Wetzstein C.M. , Sutton D.I.
Published: April 2018

Phosphate esters are widely used in a variety of hydraulic systems in industrial applications. These fluids typically exhibit good lubricity and oxidative stability. The fire‐retarding characteristics of phosphate esters make them attractive for use in applications where petroleum‐based fluids would constitute a fire hazard. However, in the presence of water, these fluids hydrolyse and form acidic partial phosphates. Because this process accelerates in an acidic environment, the reaction is referred to as autocatalytic. Moreover, fluid degradation becomes extremely difficult to reverse once acidity reaches an acid number of I mg KOH/g. From that point on, it is increasingly hard to stabilise the fluid with conventional treatment methods such as fuller's earth or activated alumina. In contrast, fluid treatment based on a combined application of ion exchange and vacuum dehydration (IX/VD) was found to be highly effective in arresting fluid degradation and restoring fluid properties to within limits acceptable for continued operation. This paper presents data collected over a period of several years at a number of power plants throughout the USA and Europe. The data confirm that fluids that initially exceeded manufacturer specifications even by a wide margin were successfully stabilised through a combined treatment of IX/VD under normal operating conditions.
Tribological Behaviour of Polymeric Coatings: II. SCF‐Reinforced PEEK Nanocomposite Systems
Authors: Oster F. , Xian G.J. , Haupert F.
Published: April 2018

This paper focuses on coatings based on poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) applied to metal substrates and their tribological investigation. Short carbon fibres (SCF), graphite, and 300 nm titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc sulphide (ZnS) particles were used as filler materials for the PEEK. These filler materials and their combinations were found to have a significant influence on the tribological behaviour of the corresponding PEEK compounds. One of the compounds (PEEK6) was found, especially at higher temperatures and under higher normal loads, to be a good coating material showing superior tribological behaviour. For PEEK6, a specific wear rate and a coefficient of friction (COF) lower than those for the best commercially available PEEK compound (PEEK4) were measured. For specific test parameters, PEEK6 showed a COF of less than 0.1. The tribological results were also compared with those of a conventional sliding bearing material based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF).
Dissolved black carbon in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Wagner Sasha , Jaffé Rudolf , Stubbins Aron
Published: April 2018

The incomplete combustion of organic molecules produces a chemically diverse suite of pyrogenic residues termed black carbon (BC). The significance of BC cycling on land has long been recognized, and the recognition of dissolved BC (DBC) as a major component of the aquatic carbon cycle is developing rapidly. As we seek a greater understanding of DBC cycling, our interpretation of environmental DBC concentrations and molecular composition should take into account both the formation conditions of charred residues, and the physico‐chemical transformation of DBC that occurs during transit within aquatic systems. We present the current state of knowledge concerning sources, processing, and sinks of DBC in inland, coastal/estuarine, and ocean waters. We feature studies and new methodologies which focus specifically on the aquatic cycling of DBC, explore the relationship between particulate and dissolved BC, and highlight research gaps which should be targeted to advance our current knowledge of DBC biogeochemistry.
Effect of multiaxial stress and strain on low cycle fatigue, creep and creep‐fatigue lifetimes for type 304 steel cruciform and cubic specimens
Authors: Sakane M.
Published: April 2018

This paper discusses low cycle fatigue, creep and creep‐fatigue life evaluation methods for a SUS 304 austenitic stainless steel in a full range of strain and stress multiaxiality using a cruciform and cubic specimen. Five multiaxial strain parameters are investigated whether or not they appropriately express the trend of low cycle fatigue lives in the full range of biaxial stress state. Then, the effects of the stress biaxiality and triaxiality on creep void formation are discussed. The stress biaxiality and triaxiality raise the creep void formation and the void formation is confirmed even in an equi‐triaxial tension creep test in which the value of von Mises equivalent stress is zero. However, the stress biaxiality slightly shortens creep rupture lifetimes but the stress triaxiality drastically reduces creep rupture lifetimes. Finally, the effect of strain biaxiality on creep‐fatigue life is discussed based on the experimental results using a cruciform specimen by applying the linear damage rule. The predicted results of creep‐fatigue lives under biaxial strain states are slightly dependent on the applied multiaxial strain and stress parameters but there is no significant difference in the predicted lives depending on the multiaxial strain and stress parameters.
A novel microsurgical rodent model for the transplantation of engineered cardiac muscle flap
Authors: Tee Richard , Morrison Wayne Allan , Dilley Rodney J.
Published: April 2018

Background

The survival of engineered cardiac muscle ‘grafts’ to the epicardium is limited by vascularization post‐transplantation in rat models. In this article, we describe the methodology of a novel rat model that allows for the transplantation of an engineered cardiac muscle flap (ECMF) onto the epicardium.

Materials and Methods

A total of 40 rats were used. Twenty‐four neonatal rats were used to harvest cardiomyocytes. At week 1, ECMF were generated by seeding cardiomyocytes into the arteriovenous loop (AVL) tissue engineering chamber implanted into the right groin of adult rats (n = 8). At week 6, the ECMF were harvested based on a pedicle along the femoral‐iliac‐abdominal vessel and anastomosed to the neck vessels of the recipient syngeneic adult rats (n = 8). The flaps were delivered into the thoracic cavity and onto the epicardium. The transplanted flaps were harvested at week 10. Survival of the flaps was assessed by the patency of anastomoses and viability of the cardiomyocytes through histological analysis (hematoxylin and eosin [H&E], desmin, and von Willebrand factor [vWF] immunostaining).

Results

Six out of 8 rats survived the transplantation procedure. These remaining 6 recipient rats survived until harvest time point at 4 weeks post‐transplantation. The mean area of the flap was 46.7mm2. Six out of 6 flaps harvested at week 10 showed viable cardiomyocytes using desmin immunostaining and vascular channels were seen at the interface between flap and epicardium.

Conclusion

This is a technically feasible model that will be useful for future assessment of different cardiac stem cell implants and their functional significance in rat heart models.
Prediction of pathological nodal involvement by CT‐based Radiomic features of the primary tumor in patients with clinically node‐negative peripheral lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Liu Ying , Kim Jongphil , Balagurunathan Yoganand , Hawkins Samuel , Stringfield Olya , Schabath Matthew B. , Li Qian , Qu Fangyuan , Liu Shichang , Garcia Alberto L. , Ye Zhaoxiang , Gillies Robert J.
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of computed tomography (CT) based radiomic features of primary tumors to predict pathological nodal involvement in clinically node‐negative (N0) peripheral lung adenocarcinomas.

Methods

A total of 187 patients with clinical N0 peripheral lung adenocarcinomas who underwent preoperative CT scan and subsequently received systematic lymph node dissection were retrospectively reviewed. 219 quantitative 3D radiomic features of primary lung tumor were extracted; meanwhile, nine radiological semantic features were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the role of these features in predicting pathological nodal involvement. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) were compared between multivariate logistic regression models.

Results

A total of 153 patients had pathological N0 status and 34 had pathological lymph node metastasis. On univariate analysis, fissure attachment and 17 radiomic features were significantly associated with pathological nodal involvement. Multivariate analysis revealed that semantic features of pleural retraction (P = 0.048) and fissure attachment (P = 0.023) were significant predictors of pathological nodal involvement (AUC = 0.659); and the radiomic feature F185 (Histogram SD Layer 1) (P = 0.0001) was an independent prognostic factor of pathological nodal involvement (AUC = 0.73). A logistic regression model produced from combining radiomic feature and semantic feature showed the highest AUC of 0.758 (95% CI: 0.685–0.831), and the AUC value computed by fivefold cross‐validation method was 0.737 (95% CI: 0.73–0.744).

Conclusions

Features derived on primary lung tumor described by semantic and radiomic could provide information of pathological nodal involvement in clinical N0 peripheral lung adenocarcinomas.
KIKI‐net: cross‐domain convolutional neural networks for reconstructing undersampled magnetic resonance images
Authors: Eo Taejoon , Jun Yohan , Kim Taeseong , Jang Jinseong , Lee Ho‐Joon , Hwang Dosik
Published: April 2018

Purpose

To demonstrate accurate MR image reconstruction from undersampled k‐space data using cross‐domain convolutional neural networks (CNNs)

Methods

Cross‐domain CNNs consist of 3 components: (1) a deep CNN operating on the k‐space (KCNN), (2) a deep CNN operating on an image domain (ICNN), and (3) an interleaved data consistency operations. These components are alternately applied, and each CNN is trained to minimize the loss between the reconstructed and corresponding fully sampled k‐spaces. The final reconstructed image is obtained by forward‐propagating the undersampled k‐space data through the entire network.

Results

Performances of K‐net (KCNN with inverse Fourier transform), I‐net (ICNN with interleaved data consistency), and various combinations of the 2 different networks were tested. The test results indicated that K‐net and I‐net have different advantages/disadvantages in terms of tissue‐structure restoration. Consequently, the combination of K‐net and I‐net is superior to single‐domain CNNs. Three MR data sets, the T2 fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (T2 FLAIR) set from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and 2 data sets acquired at our local institute (T2 FLAIR and T1 weighted), were used to evaluate the performance of 7 conventional reconstruction algorithms and the proposed cross‐domain CNNs, which hereafter is referred to as KIKI‐net. KIKI‐net outperforms conventional algorithms with mean improvements of 2.29 dB in peak SNR and 0.031 in structure similarity.

Conclusion

KIKI‐net exhibits superior performance over state‐of‐the‐art conventional algorithms in terms of restoring tissue structures and removing aliasing artifacts. The results demonstrate that KIKI‐net is applicable up to a reduction factor of 3 to 4 based on variable‐density Cartesian undersampling.
Clinical and imaging hallmarks of the MYH7‐related myopathy with severe axial involvement
Authors: Dabaj Ivana , Carlier Robert Y , Gómez‐Andrés David , Neto Osório Abath , Bertini Enrico , D'amico Adele , Fattori Fabiana , PéRéon Yann , Castiglioni Claudia , Rodillo Eliana , Catteruccia Michela , Guimarães júlio Brandão , Oliveira Acary Souza Bulle , Reed Umbertina Conti , Mesrob Lilia , Lechner Doris , Boland Anne , Deleuze Jean‐François , Malfatti Edoardo , Bonnemann Carsten , Laporte Jocelyn , Romero Norma , Felter Adrien , Quijano‐Roy Susana , Moreno Cristiane Araújo Martins , Zanoteli Edmar
Published: April 2018

Introduction: MYH7 gene mutations are related to a heterogeneous group of skeletal and cardiac myopathies. Methods: We evaluated clinical and muscle MRI changes in patients with mutations in the rod domain of MYH7, including 1 with mosaicism and 3 with novel missense mutations. Results: Patients presented in childhood with a distal and axial phenotype. Biopsy findings were variable. Half of the cases displaying some type of core pathology, including minicores and eccentric cores. Most patients demonstrated internal bands of infiltration (“inverted‐collagen‐VI sign”) in multiple muscles, particularly the soleus, and prominent atrophy and fatty infiltration of the tongue and the paraspinal, gluteus minimus, sartorius, gracilis, tibialis anterior, and extensor digitorum longus muscles. Discussion: Muscle imaging findings in patients with axial involvement provide significant clues permitting the distinction between MYH7‐related myopathies and other axial myopathies such as those related to SEPN1 and LMNA genes. Muscle Nerve 58: 224–234, 2018
Auf ein Molekül mit ...
Authors: Remenyi Christian
Published: April 2018

Hans‐Jürgen Quadbeck‐Seeger ist Molekülmodellbauer aus Überzeugung. Bei seinen Modellen geht es ihm darum, mit einfachen und leicht erhältlichen Materialien die Ordnungsprinzipien der chemischen Strukturen anschaulich zu machen und das Denken in Modellen zu fördern.
Wissen verbinden und vermehren
Authors: Pérez‐García Rodrigo , Benincasa Caterina
Published: April 2018

Ein Projekt verbindet Künstler und Wissenschaftler. Sie tauschen Leidenschaft, Wissen, Arbeitsweisen und Erkenntnisse aus. Damit lassen sich keine wissenschaftlichen Probleme lösen, aber die Konfrontation erzeugt eine gemeinsame Wertebasis. Die Initiatoren berichten.
Ein Strahlenschützer im Kino
Authors: Bastian Matthias
Published: April 2018

Im James‐Bond‐Film „Feuerball“ aus dem Jahr 1965 soll der Agent gestohlene Atombomben finden. Zudem bekommt er eine verschluckbare radioaktive Kapsel, mit der er im Notfall zu orten sein soll. Kann das funktionieren?
Bayer 2017: Geschäft auf Vorjahresniveau
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: April 2018

Bayers rezeptpflichtige Arzneimittel erreichten im Jahr 2017 einen Rekordumsatz, mit rezeptfreien Medikamenten und Agrarprodukten setzte der Konzern weniger um als im Jahr zuvor.
The Postrelease Survival of Walleyes Following Ice-Angling on Lake Nipissing, Ontario
Authors: Twardek W. M. , Lennox R. J. , Lawrence M. J. , Logan J. M. , Szekeres P. , Cooke S. J. , Tremblay K. , Morgan G. E. , Danylchuk A. J.
Published: April 2018

Natural resource agencies have developed catch-and-release regulations for Walleyes Sander vitreus of prohibited size and number to reduce mortality in many recreational fisheries. The efficacy of such regulations is contingent upon the released fish surviving, but survival data on Walleyes captured by ice-angling are lacking. We estimated the survival of Lake Nipissing (Ontario, Canada) Walleyes that were captured by both active and passive ice-angling methods using a variety of hook types and lures baited with Emerald Shiners Notropis atherinoides. We also assessed the role of de-hooking methods on the survival of deeply hooked Walleyes. After the angling event, Walleyes (n = 260) were held for 24 h in a submerged holding pen to estimate postrelease survival. Average mortality after the 24-h holding period was 6.9%. Fewer Walleyes captured by active angling were deeply hooked (9.3%) than passively caught fish (50.4%), and deeply hooked Walleyes were observed to have more frequent postrelease mortality (14.8%) than shallow-hooked Walleyes (3.0%). There was no significant difference in mortality rates of Walleyes caught by passive angling (9.8%) or active angling (2.8%); mortality rates of fish caught on circle hooks (6.1%), J-hooks (8.2%), and treble hooks (5.6%) also did not differ. Neither air temperature nor the presence of barotrauma had a significant effect on mortality of captured Walleyes. Survival did not significantly differ between deeply hooked fish that had the line cut (11.1%) and those that had the hook removed (22.6%). Results from this study suggest a relatively high incidence of Walleye survival after catch-and-release angling through the ice.
Response of Anglers to Less-Restrictive Harvest Controls in a Recreational Atlantic Salmon Fishery
Authors: Veinott Geoff , Pike Levi , Variyath Asokan Mulayath
Published: April 2018

In any fishery, it is important to know whether management decisions have an impact on catch and effort. This study demonstrates that bag limits can be an effective management tool for reducing effort when dealing with a retention-oriented angling population. Since 1997, four different management regimes (MRs) have been applied to a recreational Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar fishery on Harry's River in Newfoundland, Canada. The four MRs include catch and release only (MR1); catch and release at the start of the season, with allowed retention after an in-season review of stock status (MR2); retention angling for the whole season, with a fixed bag limit of two salmon (MR3); and retention angling for the whole season, with an increase in bag limit from two to four salmon after an in-season review (MR4). A time series MA(1) model (moving average of order 1) was used to study the effect of MR on effort, with salmon abundance (measured as adult returns to the river) included as a confounding variable. Significantly less effort was reported by anglers fishing Harry's River under an MR1 fishery compared with any other management scenario. However, MR1 produced the greatest average CPUE, suggesting that a catch-and-release fishery attracted a more skilled or differently motivated angler. Catch and effort were linearly correlated, with an expected increase in total catch of 0.6 Atlantic Salmon for every extra day of effort. The greatest difference in effort occurred between MR1 and MR3, suggesting that a compromise between catch and release only and a bag limit of four salmon would likely satisfy challenge-seeking as well as harvest-oriented anglers.
A Rapid-Assessment Method to Estimate the Distribution of Juvenile Chinook Salmon in Tributary Habitats Using eDNA and Occupancy Estimation
Authors: Matter Allison N. , Falke Jeffrey A. , López J. Andrés , Savereide James W.
Published: April 2018

Identification and protection of water bodies used by anadromous species are critical in light of increasing threats to fish populations, yet often challenging given budgetary and logistical limitations. Noninvasive, rapid-assessment, sampling techniques may reduce costs and effort while increasing species detection efficiencies. We used an intrinsic potential (IP) habitat model to identify high-quality rearing habitats for Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and select sites to sample throughout the Chena River basin, Alaska, for juvenile occupancy using an environmental DNA (eDNA) approach. Water samples were collected from 75 tributary sites in 2014 and 2015. The presence of Chinook Salmon DNA in water samples was assessed using a species-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay. The IP model predicted over 900 stream kilometers in the basin to support high-quality (IP ≥ 0.75) rearing habitat. Occupancy estimation based on eDNA samples indicated that 80% and 56% of previously unsampled sites classified as high or low IP (IP < 0.75), respectively, were occupied. The probability of detection (p) of Chinook Salmon DNA from three replicate water samples was high (p = 0.76) but varied with drainage area (km2). A power analysis indicated high power to detect proportional changes in occupancy based on parameter values estimated from eDNA occupancy models, although power curves were not symmetrical around zero, indicating greater power to detect positive than negative proportional changes in occupancy. Overall, the combination of IP habitat modeling and occupancy estimation provided a useful, rapid-assessment method to predict and subsequently quantify the distribution of juvenile salmon in previously unsampled tributary habitats. Additionally, these methods are flexible and can be modified for application to other species and in other locations, which may contribute towards improved population monitoring and management.
Find creative workarounds to implement competency‐based education
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: April 2018

SAN DIEGO — Competency‐based education is a huge buzzword in higher education right now, but say it to a prospective student, and does he understand what that means in a practical sense? And how do you move from the idea of CBE to an implementation that works for your students and has meaning for your local industry? That was the first hurdle tackled by Eric Heiser, dean of the School of Applied Technology and Technical Specialties at Salt Lake Community College, when overhauling the flight technology program to be a CBE‐focused channel for delivering skilled workers into the Utah economy more quickly.
Behavioral analytics boosts conversion rate of prospective students
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: April 2018

Are phone calls with prospective students having the impact you hope for? Program managers at Wiley Education Services who recruit students for their clients' programs receive reports that document whether the call focused on information shown to boost the likelihood of enrollment. For follow‐up calls, they also know the prospect's personality type, a categorization that can help with effective communication.
Psychometric properties of the postpartum depression screening scale beyond the postpartum period
Authors: Vogeli Jo M. , Hooker Stephanie A. , Everhart Kevin D. , Kaplan Peter S.
Published: April 2018

Accurate postpartum depression screening measures are needed to identify mothers with depressive symptoms both in the postpartum period and beyond. Because it had not been tested beyond the immediate postpartum period, the reliability and validity of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS) and its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value for diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD) were assessed in a diverse community sample of 238 mothers of 4‐ to 15‐month‐old infants. Mothers (N = 238; M age = 30.2, SD = 5.3) attended a lab session and completed the PDSS, the Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II), and a structured clinical interview (SCID) to diagnose MDD. The reliability, validity, specificity, sensitivity, and predictive value of the PDSS to identify maternal depression were assessed. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the construct validity of five but not seven content subscales. The PDSS total and subscale scores demonstrated acceptable to high reliability (α = 0.68–0.95). Discriminant function analysis showed the scale correctly provided diagnostic classification at a rate higher than chance alone. Sensitivity and specificity for major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis were good and comparable to those of the BDI‐II. Even in mothers who were somewhat more diverse and had older infants than those in the original normative study, the PDSS appears to be a psychometrically sound screener for identifying depressed mothers in the 15 months after childbirth.
Nonnutritive Sweeteners in Weight Management and Chronic Disease: A Review
Authors: Sylvetsky Allison C. , Rother Kristina I.
Published: April 2018

Objective

The objective of this review was to critically review findings from recent studies evaluating the effects of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) on metabolism, weight, and obesity‐related chronic diseases. Biologic mechanisms that may explain NNS effects will also be addressed.

Methods

A comprehensive review of the relevant scientific literature was conducted.

Results

Most cross‐sectional and prospective cohort studies report positive associations between NNS consumption, body weight, and health conditions, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Although findings in cellular and rodent models suggest that NNSs have harmful effects on metabolic health, most randomized controlled trials in humans demonstrate marginal benefits of NNS use on body weight, with little data available on other metabolic outcomes.

Conclusions

NNS consumption is associated with higher body weight and metabolic disease in observational studies. In contrast, randomized controlled trials demonstrate that NNSs may support weight loss, particularly when used alongside behavioral weight loss support. Additional long‐term, well‐controlled intervention studies in humans are needed to determine the effects of NNSs on weight, adiposity, and chronic disease under free‐living conditions.
Implementation Science to Advance Care Delivery: A Primer for Pharmacists and Other Health Professionals
Authors: Livet Melanie , Haines Stuart T. , Curran Geoffrey M. , Seaton Terry L. , Ward Caryn S. , Sorensen Todd D. , Roth McClurg Mary
Published: April 2018

Health care is experiencing increasing pressure to implement evidence‐based interventions that improve quality, control costs, and maximize value. Unfortunately, many clinical services and interventions to optimize medication use do not consistently produce the intended humanistic, clinical, and economic outcomes. The lack of conclusive results is believed to stem from the widely recognized research‐to‐practice gap. The field of implementation science seeks to discover and apply strategies designed to accelerate successful integration of interventions into routine practice. This primer provides an overview of implementation science principles for pharmacists and other health care providers interested in accelerating practice transformation to improve health care delivery and, ultimately, patient care.