bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrological signatures describing the translation of climate seasonality into streamflow seasonality
Authors: Gnann Sebastian J. , Howden Nicholas J. K. , Woods Ross A.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Seasonality is ubiquitous in nature, and it is closely linked to water quality, ecology, hydrological extremes, and water resources management.
Hydrological signatures aim at extracting information about certain aspects of hydrological behaviour. Commonly used seasonal hydro-climatological signatures consider climate or streamflow seasonality, but they do not consider how climate seasonality translates into streamflow seasonality. In order to analyse the translation of seasonal climate input (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) into seasonal catchment output (streamflow), we represent the two time series by their seasonal (annual) Fourier mode, i.e. by sine waves. A catchment alters the input sine wave by reducing its amplitude and by shifting its phase. We propose to use these quantities, the amplitude ratio and the phase shift, as seasonal hydrological signatures. We present analytical solutions describing the response of linear reservoirs to periodic forcing to interpret the seasonal signatures in terms of configurations of linear reservoirs. Using data from the UK and the US, we show that the seasonal signatures exhibit hydrologically interpretable patterns and that they are a function of both climate and catchment attributes. Wet, rather impermeable catchments hardly attenuate the seasonal climate input. Drier catchments, especially if underlain by a productive aquifer, strongly attenuate the input sine wave leading to phase shifts up to several months. As an example application, we test whether two commonly used hydrological models (Identification of unit Hydrographs and Component flows from Rainfall, Evaporation and Streamflow – IHACRES; modèle du Génie Rural à 4 paramètres Journalier – GR4J) can reproduce the observed ranges of seasonal signatures in the UK. The results show that the seasonal signatures have the potential to be useful for catchment classification, predictions in ungauged catchments, and model building and evaluation. The use of potential evapotranspiration in the input restricts the applicability of the signatures to energy-limited (humid) catchments.
Continued Results from a Field Campaign of Wake Steering
Applied at a Commercial Wind Farm: Part 2
Authors: Fleming Paul , King Jennifer , Simley Eric , Roadman Jason , Scholbrock Andrew , Murphy Patrick , Lundquist Julie K. , Moriarty Patrick , Fleming Katherine , van Dam Jeroen , Bay Christopher , Mudafort Rafael , Jager David , Skopek Jason , Scott Michael , Ryan Brady , Guernsey Charles , Brake Dan
Published: February 2020

Abstract. This paper presents the results of a field campaign investigating the performance of wake steering applied at a section of a commercial wind farm. It is the second phase of the study in which the first phase was reported in Initial results from a field campaign of wake steering applied at a commercial wind farm – Part 1. The authors implemented wake steering on two turbine pairs, and compared results with the latest FLORIS (FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State) model of wake steering, showing good agreement in overall energy increase. Further, although not the original intention of the study, we also used results to detect the secondary steering phenomena. Results show an overall reduction in wake losses of approximately 6.6 % for the regions of operation, which corresponds to achieving roughly half of the static optimal result.
Effects of Aluminum and pH on Germination of Echium plantagineum L.
Authors: Roso Rodrigo , Nunes Ubirajara Russi , Müller Caren Alessandra , Paranhos Juçara Terezinha , Lopes Sidinei José , Dornelles Sylvio Henrique Bidel , Forte César Tiago , Guareschi André , Bittencourt Pamela Nunes , Huth Caroline
Published: February 2020

The objetive of this study was to identify the effects of aluminum concentrations and pH levels of solution on germination of Echium plantagineum L. seeds. Three different experiments were carried out in completely randomized design with four repetitions. In the first experiment, we used aluminum sulfate solutions in concentrations of 0.0; 0.3; 0.6; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0; 5.0; 6.0 and 7.0 cmolc L-1 and in the second experiment, solutions with different pH, 3.0; 4.0; 5.0; 6.0; 7.0; 8.0; 9.0 and 10.0. In the third experiment, we carried out a factorial (4x4) with aluminum sulfate solutions (0.0; 2.0; 4.0 and 6.0 cmolc L-1) and pH (4.0; 5.0; 6.0 and 7.0). It was evaluated the germination of Echium plantagineum L. at four and 14 days after seeding (DAS), germination speed index, primary root length, aerial part and dry mass of seedlings. The presence of aluminum reduced the germination by 27 and 40% at four and 14 DAS, respectively, in concentrations superior to 3.0 cmolc L-1. The three growth parameters presented linear reduction with the increase of aluminum concentrations. In the second experiment, the solutions with pH of 3.0 and 10.0 provided increases in germination, length of root and aerial part, and little influence in the dry mass of seedlings. In the third experiment, there was significant interaction between the aluminum concentrations and pH levels of substrate. The presence of aluminum in the substrate presented toxic effect on germination of seeds, length of seedlings and dry mass. The pH of the solution has little effect in germination of seeds and in the growth of seedlings of E. plantagineum.
How Much Do Rice Farmers Earn from Their Crops? Evidence from a Rice-Exporting Country
Authors: Nhan Tran Quoc , Ly Le Thi Van , Tan Le Van
Published: February 2020

This study aims to investigate the earning capability of rice-farming households in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta. The Delta is recognized as the largest rice-producing region in Vietnam that is known as the world’s third rice exporter. We used data collected from a farm-household survey with 110 rice farmers and applied descriptive statistics and correlation model for data analysis. We found that although the production scale of rice farmers is relatively small, their rice cultivation is profitable. The findings illustrated that the rice-farming household’s income was significantly associated with rice income and rice land size. This suggests that the rice households’ income is likely to rely on their farm size. Evidence from the study showed that rice households, particularly small-scale farms earn low income and they are likely to remain poor and in a state of poverty. The implication of the study may be that the Vietnamese government should amend the policy on rice land use and pay more considerable attention to small-farm households.
El El análisis de las relaciones comerciales de Taiwán con los países del triangulo norte de Centroamérica
Authors: Gomes Escobar Jeison Eduardo , López María Auxiliadora
Published: February 2020

Este trabajo de investigación presenta un amplio panorama sobre las relaciones comerciales de Honduras, El Salvador y Guatemala (Triángulo Norte de Centroamérica) con la República de China (Taiwán), bajo la premisa del impacto económico y social que estas relaciones comerciales han producido en los habitantes de los países signatarios, a través de datos estadísticos de exportación e importación, así como analizando aspectos de carácter económico de Taiwán.

El comercio internacional ha tomado auge en todos los países alrededor del mundo en los últimos 30 años, principalmente por el incremento de los volúmenes del intercambio de los productos entre las naciones, la apertura comercial que han adoptado la gran mayoría de los países del hemisferio, y las tendencias de un sistema económico global orientado hacia una economía de mercado impulsada principalmente por el capitalismo. Estos factores incrementan las posibilidades de los países de tener acceso a aquellos bienes y servicios que no se producen en su territorio o que al producirlos tienen un alto costo en comparación con otros, aplicando así la división internacional del trabajo, la cual principalmente modela las características productivas que impulsaron el comercio en la antigüedad.
El Perfil socioeconómico del estudiante de educación superior de Honduras en el siglo XXI
Authors: Bustamante Hugo Rolando Noé
Published: February 2020

Los cambios del perfil sociodemográfico y socioeconómico del estudiante de educación superior a nivel global han sido significativos en este nuevo milenio. Destacan, entre otros, la masificación y la diversificación, lo cual a su vez ha ampliado los métodos de enseñanza y los estilos de aprendizaje del estudiante. El objetivo principal de este estudio es presentar el perfil socioeconómico del estudiante de educación superior hondureño de la actualidad; para ello se analizan y siguen algunos de los principales cambios sociodemográficos y socioeconómicos observados a nivel internacional. Además, se compara entre estudiantes hondureños de acuerdo con su modalidad de estudio y se considera su opinión en torno a su futuro laboral/académico. Se consideró la literatura de relevantes publicaciones nacionales e internacionales y se aplicó una encuesta como principal instrumento de recolección de información primaria a una muestra de estudiantes de Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) de Honduras. Los resultados indican que existe una mayor masificación y diversificación del estudiante de educación superior hondureño, pero en menor escala que en América Latina y otras regiones del mundo. Además, se muestran evidentes diferencias demográficas, económicas y de circunstancias de vida entre los estudiantes de modalidad presencial de pregrado y los de distancia y posgrado. Finalmente, y considerando los cambios en el perfil del estudiante del nuevo milenio, se presentan brevemente algunas modificaciones que han surgido en las modalidades de enseñanza y aprendizaje de este nivel educativo.
Estilos de aprendizaje predominantes relacionado al uso de las MOOC a través de la regresión logística
Authors: Torres Rivera Angela , Fuster-Guillén Doris Elida , Alata Cusy Yudith Ivonne , Isla Alcoser Sandy Dorian
Published: February 2020

A nivel pedagógico, la identificación de los estilos de aprendizaje ha sido una estrategia de éxito en la enseñanza. En estos tiempos nos enfrentamos a nuevos espacios de aprendizaje, como son los MOOC. El estudio tiene como objetivo identificar el estilo de aprendizaje predominante en el uso de los MOOC en los alumnos de maestría de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima, 2019-I. La investigación es de enfoque cuantitativo, método hipotético deductivo, diseño no experimental, corte transversal y nivel explicativo, y se basa en una muestra de 111 alumnos.
The Impact of Strategic Notetaking on EFL learners’ Academic Performance in Jordan
Authors: Almaagbh Ibrahim F. F.
Published: February 2020

This study investigates the impact of strategic notetaking on English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ academic performance among university students in Jordan. Thus, we hypothesized that there is a significant and positive impact of strategic note-taking on EFL learners’ academic performance. To confirm this hypothesis, descriptive research design was applied in this study. 384 (three hundred and eighty-four) respondents were randomly selected from the four public universities in Jordan. This study adapted instruments which include strategic note taking and students’ academic performance measurement items and the data obtained was analysed through Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS-22). The result showed that the strategic note taking (i.e. independent variable) has significant effects on EFL learners’ academic performance (R2 =.919). Moreover, the strategic notetaking made the significant contribution (Beta= .449; t= 18.714; P <0.05) to the prediction of EFL learners’ academic performance. In line with the findings, this study emphasised and explained the impact of strategic notetaking and how to improve EFL learners’ level of notetaking for better academic performance in Jordan.
Personality Assessment and Emotional Intelligence in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Selection and Training
Authors: McPhilemy John J. , Siddiqi Ahmed , Piuzzi Nicolas , Chen Antonia F.
Published: February 2020

Orthopaedic surgery has increasingly emerged as one of the most popular and competitive of all medical specialties. The selection of the best applicants has become a more difficult process because the number of qualified medical students has concomitantly grown. Although there are standardized guidelines in residency selection, there are several intangible factors that determine an applicant's fit into a program. Personality assessments, such as the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, are proficiencies that have garnered significant interest to help fill this void. Understanding and measuring empirically supported measures of personality traits and styles of medical students and residents may be valuable to medical educators and program directors in a variety of applications such as residency selection, mentoring, and education. Similar to personality identification, emotional intelligence assessments, such as the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test, can prove to be pivotal tools in residency education and training. Emotional intelligence has shown to align with current Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education residency standardized core competencies that emphasize aptitude in noncognitive characteristics.
An Assessment of Mental Wellbeing and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Youth Living in Central Mexico
Authors: Hoffman Steven , Rueda Heidi Adams , Chase Stefan
Published: February 2020

The current state of adolescent mental health and wellbeing in Mexico constitutes a serious public health concern. In an effort to better understand the potential impact this crisis is having on youth in Central Mexico, we designed a study to assess the connection between Mental Wellbeing and Health-related Quality of Life among a sample of children in junior high school. Descriptive statistics suggest that 22.5% of our sample was “at-risk” of poor health-related quality of life, with 19.8% at risk within the physical subscale and 24.3% at risk within the psychosocial subscale. Regression analyses showed that mental wellbeing scores significantly predicted scores on the physical subscale of the quality of life measure, but did not predict overall wellbeing or psychosocial wellbeing. If replicated, our results may have important implications for health professionals, social workers, researchers, policy makers, and other individuals living in Mexico. We encourage continued research among Mexican youth in rural, underserved areas of Central Mexico such as Michoacán in order to further support strengths-based approaches for improving both their mental wellbeing and quality of life.
An Investigation of Writing Errors Made by Saudi English-Major Students
Authors: Alzamil Abdulrahman
Published: February 2020

The present study aims to explore writing errors made by Saudi foreign language learners of English. The study seeks to address the following questions: a) to what extent do Saudi English-major students face difficulties in English writing; and b) what types of errors do Saudi English-major students make in their writing. Addressing these will facilitate an examination of the role of the first language and the difficult nature of writing in English. Twenty-four male English-major students attending a Saudi university participated in the study (aged 19–22 years). The participants wrote 48 compositions over a two-week period, from which the data for this study were collected. These written compositions were analysed manually by the researcher. The findings of the study reveal that: a) the targeted participants had difficulty in writing accurately in English, given the high rate of errors they made; and b) capitalisation, spelling and use of articles were the top three types of errors accounting for around 50 per cent of overall errors. The writing difficulties that students face require Saudi universities to revise their writing courses materials and teaching approaches.
How and Why Formal Education Originated in the Emergence of Civilization
Authors: Eskelson Tyrel C.
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to argue that formal education had multiple, independent origins in the emergence of ancient civilizations, for universally the same reasons. It uses socio-biological literature to outline the nature of human societies; ethnographic literature to show that no systems of formal education existed in small-scale hunter-gatherer communities; and evolutionary psychological literature, specifically the cognitive niche theory of human evolution, and domain-specific brain module theories, to show how children learn. The second section details the organizational changes that occurred in the emergence of civilization and why this required the development of formal institutions of education. The study uses four ancient civilizations—Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and Mesoamerica—to provide evidence for the paper’s argument. The study offers a theory for the relationship between the structural organization of human societies and the implications this has for social learning. Overall, it provides a working theory for how and why formal education first emerged in human societies, due to the administrative tools needed to keep a state-level society functioning.
Soil Fertility Management Based on Certified Organic Agriculture Standards – a Review
Authors: Sapinas I. P. , Abbott L. K.
Published: February 2020

In certified organic agricultural systems, soil nutrient status relies primarily on incorporation of organic matter and other specific inputs to meet requirements for phosphorus and micronutrients. Nutrient management strategies based on defined standards seek to maintain sufficient nutrient availability while minimizing potential losses. Although organic systems may result in lower levels of production than conventionally managed systems, sound soil nutrient management practices can minimize this gap. Certified organic standards are widely established globally, but traditional farming practices that resemble organic systems are also commonly used without adherence to a certified scheme. There is considerable debate about the efficiency of bio-amendments for use in organic farming due to their variability. Questions also persist about the sustainability of organic soil fertility management practices. The relevance of global variations among organic certification standards has not been a major consideration in research. Most soil improvement strategies focus on assessing the impact of particular amendments with less attention to a more holistic approach which integrates all components of the agricultural system. Research on implementation of practices based on certified organic standards highlights potential for multi–disciplinary, in-depth studies that identify combined impacts of organic management practices at a local scale. Standards developed at national level may not fully account for the breadth of soil types and environmental conditions. While soil improvement based on certified organic standards can contribute to socio-economic development and ecosystem services, local soil characteristics need to be considered in parallel with potential new avenues for sourcing nutrients, including organic matter management.
O TRABALHO COMO CATEGORIA ONTOLÓGICA: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DA OBRA CINEMATOGRÁFICA “EU, DANIEL BLAKE”
Authors: Zago Luis  Henrique , Silva Neiva  Solange , Ferreira Allan  Alberto , Nunes Rodrigo Lima , Viotto Filho Irineu  Aliprando Tuim
Published: February 2020

This paper thematizework as an essential category in the human ontological process using as a figurative element of this theme the film "I, Daniel Blake", which is analyzed in the light of dialectical historical materialist theory. Throughout the text we address the relationship between biological and cultural aspects in human formation and development; the role of work as essential in the teleological process of building something not immediately given by nature; the liberating character of this activity which, unlike animals, prey to necessity, enables us to evolve beyond the immediate; the conditions of alienated labor as a threat to this freedom and the impacts of this form of expropriation on subjectivity. We discuss the current precariousness of the living conditions of the working classes. Strangeness as a causative element of conflict and suffering. The film “I Daniel Blake” demonstrates in an artistic way the situation of conflict and suffering experienced by many workers today.
“Direito é Guerra”: Uma análise da metáfora conceptual no discurso jurídico do Supremo Tribunal Federal
Authors: Schlemper Maricélia
Published: February 2020

O presente estudo tem como escopo investigar a ocorrência da metáfora conceptual DIREITO É GUERRA nas decisões prolatadas pela mais alta corte de justiça brasileira, no âmbito do Direito Constitucional, Direito Civil e Direito Administrativo no período de um ano. Trata-se de pesquisa de cunho exploratório, quantitativa e qualitativa que se baseia em pressupostos teóricos de Louis Althusser (1980), Michel Pêcheaux (1990), Lakoff e Johnson (1980), Habermas (1989 e 2003), Tony Berber Sardinha e outros, utilizando-se dos métodos estatísticos e sendo ao final um estudo empírico acerca da metáfora conceptual e das expressões metafóricas licenciadas no imo do discurso jurídico contemporâneo.
Female Sexuality in Contemporary Pakistani English Fiction
Authors: Karim Asim
Published: February 2020

Female sexuality has remained a taboo subject in Pakistani literary and cultural representations. However, a considerable shift has occurred in contemporary Pakistani
English fiction. Focusing on female bodily behaviour, the fiction explicates multiple shades of female sexual relations and experiences outside the cultural and religious norms in an unusually direct and explicit fashion. This study analyses the way Pakistani fiction, written in English, responds to the variety of different ideologies imposed upon women’s bodies and sexuality. It analyses some key sexual experiences of pubertal sexual awakening, postmarital sex, women’s urge for proactive sexual intercourse, and disavowal of motherhood, pregnancy and birthing. The collective representation of female sexuality in each case embodies a transgressive experience outside the shame/shameless, licit/illicit binaries. However, the representation, despite its explicitness, does not constitute in any way women’s sexual autonomy against the predominant masculine discourses. The issues have been analyzed within the framework of debates on the female body, heterosexuality, the male gaze and commodity fetishism.
Ahmad bay Aghaoglu’s Activity in Literary and Cultural Criticism
Authors: Karahan Madina
Published: February 2020

Ahmad Bay Aghaoglu played a significant role as a public figure, publicist, politician,
lawyer, scientist, and intellectual in the literary and public thoughts and the political life of the history of the 20th century of our country. His activity and works had a great impact on the public processes in Azerbaijan and Turkey, as well as Europe.

In the activity of A.Aghaoglu, his literary and scientific works have an important place; i.e. he has also historical and literary essays in addition to his works dedicated to socialpolitical issues, which characterizes him as a critic, literary critic and culturologist. His addressing to literary and scientific issues as the occasion arises in many of his works, articles, letters and memoirs and opening discussions enables us to assess him as a critic, literary critic, historian and sociologist in the literary environment of Turkey.

The Thesis studies the issues that Ahmad Bay Aghaoglu researched as a researcher, literary critic and historian, and the printed works covering these issues, and expresses an opinion.
Inclusionary housing in small towns and rural places: the California experience
Authors: Wiener Robert J. , Bandy Dewey K.
Published: February 2020

Across California, and many other parts of the U.S., cities and counties of all sizes –

urban, suburban, and rural – are responding to severe shortages of affordable housing via

adoption of inclusionary housing (IH) programs. Also known as inclusionary zoning, IH

programs encompass a large variety of policies that share the common element of requiring or

encouraging private developers of housing to directly build or facilitate the building of affordable

housing for purchase or rent in new single-family home subdivisions and apartment complexes.

No two programs are identical.

Al otro lado de California, y muchas otras partes de los EE.UU., las ciudades y condados de todos los tamaños - urbanas, suburbanas y rurales - están respondiendo a una grave escasez de viviendas a precios razonables a través de la adopción de viviendas incluidas en programas. También conocido como la zonificación inclusiva, programas IH abarcan una gran variedad de políticas que comparten el elemento común de obligar o alentar promotores privados de viviendas para construir directamente o facilitar la construcción de viviendas asequibles para la compra o alquiler en nuevas subdivisiones de casas unifamiliares y apartamentos complejos. No hay dos programas, son idénticos.

A l'altra banda de Califòrnia, i moltes altres parts dels EUA, les ciutats i comtats de totes les mides - urbanes, suburbanes i rurals - estan responent a una greu escassetat d'habitatges a preus raonables a través de l'adopció d'habitatges incloses en programes. També conegut com la zonificació inclusiva, programes IH abasten una gran varietat de polítiques que comparteixen l'element comú d'obligar o encoratjar promotors privats d'habitatges per construir directament o facilitar la construcció d'habitatges assequibles per a la compra o lloguer en noves subdivisions de cases unifamiliars i apartaments complexos. No hi ha dos programes, són idèntics.
Tablero de Alicia y gobernabilidad para la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez Jesús , Llamas Castañeda Luís Miguel
Published: February 2020

Se exponen los conceptos básicos para entender una forma distinta para la gestión

de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México (ZMVM). Con el objeto de explicar el

comportamiento actual de los agentes que intervienen en la ZMVM, el texto se basa en los

conceptos de incertidumbre, toma de decisión y gobernabilidad metropolitana, desde el marco

de la denominada Ciencia Postnormal.

Como aportación concreta se propone una tabla de gestión en la que se esquematizan las

ideas que pueden conducir a un cambio de rumbo para la gestión metropolitana: el “TABLERO

DE ALICIA”.

It outlines the basic concepts to understand a different way to manage the Metropolitan Area of Mexico (MCMA). In order to explain the current behavior of the agents involved in the MCMA, the text is based on the concepts of uncertainty, decision making and metropolitan governance, from the framework of the so-called post-normal science. As a practical contribution proposes a management table in which are outlined the ideas that can lead to a change of direction for metropolitan management: the "BOARD OF ALICE".

S'exposen els conceptes bàsics per entendre una manera diferent per a la gestió de la Zona Metropolitana de la Vall de Mèxic (ZMVM). Amb l'objecte d'explicar el comportament actual dels agents que intervenen en la ZMVM, el text es basa en els conceptes d'incertesa, presa de decisió i governabilitat metropolitana, des del marc de l'anomenada Ciència postnormal. Com a aportació concreta es proposa una taula de gestió en què s'esquematitzen les idees que poden conduir a un canvi de rumb per a la gestió metropolitana: el "TAULELL D'ALÍCIA".
La trayectoria residencial de la inmigración en Madrid y Barcelona. Un esquema teórico a partir del análisis cualitativo
Authors: Garcia-Almirall M. Pilar , Frizzera Agustín
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo busca proponer un esquema teórico que refleje el comportamiento

residencial de la población inmigrante en España. Dicho diagrama es el resultado de 50

entrevistas en profundidad realizadas en las áreas metropolitanas de Madrid y Barcelona.

El análisis del contenido de las entrevistas permite diferenciar etapas en el proceso migratorio

de integración: el aterrizaje, la llegada, el asentamiento y la estabilización. Estas etapas

sintetizan el recorrido de un inmigrante extracomunitario en el camino hacia la satisfacción con

su situación residencial.

Cada etapa presenta diferencias en los criterios de localización residencial; en el tipo de

vivienda al que el inmigrante aspira; y en la composición del hogar. Asimismo, las etapas

evolucionan de acuerdo con el origen del inmigrante, su capital humano, su acceso a redes

sociales y según si su proyecto migratorio es individual o familiar.

This article aims at proposing a theoretical scheme that illustrates the residential behavior of

non-EU population in Spain. This scheme is the result of the analysis of 50 interviews in depth,

made in the cities of Madrid and Barcelona.

This empirical data enable the distinction of four stages in the migratory integration process: the

landing, the arrival, the establishment and the stabilization. Those stages synthesize the route

of a non-EU immigrant towards the satisfaction with his/her residential situation.

Each stage shows differences in the criteria of residential location, the kind of dwelling desired

and its composition. Besides, the stages evolve according to the immigrant's origin, his/her

human capital, his/her access to social networks and according to his/her migratory project.

El present article pretén proposar un esquema teòric que evidenciï el comportament residencial de la població immigrant a Espanya. Aquest diagrama és el resultat de 50 entrevisten en profunditat realitzades a les Àrees Metropolitanes de Madrid i Barcelona.

L’anàlisi del contingut de les entrevistes permet diferenciar etapes en el procés migratori d’integració: l’aterrament, l’arribada, l’assentament i l’estabilització. Aquestes etapes sintetitzen el recorregut d’un immigrant extracomunitari en el camí cap a la satisfacció respecte la seva situació residencial. Cada etapa presenta diferències en els criteris de localització residencial, en el tipus d’habitatge al que un immigrant opta, i en la composició de la llar. Així mateix, les etapes evolucionen d’acord a l’origen de l’immigrant, al seu capital humà, a l’accés a les xarxes socials, i segons si el seu projecte migratori és individual o familiar.
Indicadores para la evaluación de ciudades históricas
Authors: Hugony Cecilia , Roca Cladera Josep
Published: February 2020

La integración de procesos participativos en la planificación es uno de los principales retos para

el desarrollo urbano sostenible. En la ciudad histórica la participación es a menudo la única

posibilidad para asegurar la ejecución de planes y proyectos. Un sistema de indicadores para la

evaluación de los centros históricos puede ser una herramienta muy útil para facilitar la

participación ciudadana e inter-institucional en la gestión de los mismos, simplificando la

transparencia de la información en la identificación de buenas prácticas, en la definición de los

objetivos de planificación y en el seguimiento de los planes y proyectos.

Partiendo de un análisis crítico de la propuesta de UNESCO de Colonia de Sacramento, a la

luz de la reciente literatura sobre evaluación y seguimiento de políticas de regeneración

urbana, el trabajo de investigación propone un sistema de indicadores específicos para la

evaluación de la ciudad histórica en España.

La integració de processos participatius en la planificació és un dels principals reptes pel desenvolupament urbà sostenible. En la ciutat històrica, la participació és sovint l’única possibilitat per assegurar l’execució de plans i projectes. Un sistema d’indicadors per a l’avaluació dels centres històrics pot ser una eina molt útil per facilitar la participació ciutadana i ineter-institucional en la gestió d’aquests, simplificant la transparència de la informació en la identificació de bones pràctiques, en la definició dels objectius de planificació i en el seguiment dels plans i projectes.

Partint d’un anàlisi crític de la proposta de la UNESCO de Colònia de Sacramento, a la llum de la recent literatura sobre avaluació i seguiment de polítiques de regeneració urbana, el treball d’investigació proposa un sistema d’indicadors específics per a l’avaluació de la ciutat històrica a Espanya.

The integration of participative process in the urban planning process is a key issue in the

implementation or sustainable development. In historic cities participation is often the only

possibility to achieve the execution of plans and projects. An indicators system may be a useful

tool in the implementation of citizen and inter-institutional participation, since it simplifies the

transparency of information and identifies best practices in the definition of planning objectives

and in the following of implemented plans and projects. Starting from a critical analysis of

UNESCO’s Colonia Sacramento proposal, and using the recent literature on evaluation of

regeneration policies, this paper proposes a system of indicators specifically adapted for

Spanish historical cities.
Inmigración y vivienda: el proceso de integración desde el análisis y la prospectiva de la formación de hogares y su acceso a la vivienda. Una aproximación a las 7 áreas metropolitanas españolas
Authors: Garcia-Almirall M. Pilar
Published: February 2020

Este artículo es la presentación de los resultados más recientes y destacados, expuestos de

manera muy sintética, del proyecto Inmigración y vivienda: el proceso de integración desde el

análisis y la prospectiva de la formación de hogares y su acceso a la vivienda. Una

aproximación a las 7 áreas metropolitanas españolas1.

El abordaje se orienta al estudio de la localización residencial de los inmigrantes

extracomunitarios, en las siete principales áreas urbanas del Estado Español: el Área

Metropolitana de Madrid (AMM); la Región Metropolita de Barcelona (RMB); el Área

Metropolitana de Valencia (AMV); el Bilbao Metropolitano (BM); la Aglomeración Urbana de

Sevilla (AUS); la Aglomeración Urbana de Málaga (AUMa) y la Comarca Metropolitana de

Zaragoza (CMZ)2.

Una vez delimitados los ámbitos de estudio; se realizó un estudio de la concentración de

inmigrantes y un análisis de su evolución reciente. Para ello se identifican las secciones

censales en las que se puede hablar de sobre-representación residencial de inmigrantes. A la

vez, a través de un análisis factorial combinado con el análisis cluster, se segmentan las áreas

metropolitanas en diferentes categorías con el fin de enmarcar las áreas de sobrerepresentación

dentro de la estructura socio-residencial de determinada área urbana.

El análisis se halla cruzado por la desagregación de los extra-comunitarios en tres grandes

grupos: (latino) americanos, africanos y asiáticos. Si bien los grupos son heterogéneos y,

dentro de ellos, encontramos diferencias importantes (dentro de los latinoamericanos no es lo

mismo un argentino que un ecuatoriano; entre los africanos, no es lo mismo un marroquí que

un nigeriano; dentro de los asiáticos no es lo mismo un chino que un pakistaní); el corte por

continente es útil para realizar un acercamiento preliminar.

Aquest article és la presentació dels resultats més recents i destacats, exposats d'una manera molt sintètica, del projecte "Immigració i habitatge: el procés d'integració des de l'anàlisi i la prospectiva de la formació de llars i el seu accés a l'habitatge. Una aproximació a les 7 àrees metropolitanes espanyoles".

This article presents the latest and most important results, expressed synthetically, of the research project: "Immigration and Housing: the process of integration from the analysis of and prospects for the formation of households and their access to housing: an approach in the seven Spanish metropolitan areas"
Making Room for Activist Voices in a Philosophically Sound Theory of Disability
Authors: Main R. A. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2020

Against the medical and social models of disability are two newer proposals. Elizabeth Barnes’ Minority Body proposes that it is the bodies which are advocated for and included in the disability rights movement which are rightfully called “disabled.” Savulescu and Kahane’s Welfarist approach proposes that disability is intrinsically tied to the effects of bodily states on welfare. They put the need for a consistent and relatively simple normative theory above accounting for standard case judgements about who is and is not disabled or looking at all to membership of the disabled community. I argue that Barnes’ theory offers the best response to issues with the dominant models of disability. Further, I argue that the Welfarist theory operates in a space removed from the wishes and lived experiences of disabled people – separating ‘disability’ from activism entirely – to its detriment. Doing so compromises its explanatory power, over-generalizes the concept and prevents the insertion of meaningful boundaries. Barnes’ ‘solidarity thesis’ soundly conceptualizes disability whilst making room for activist voices. The centering of activist projects makes it stronger.
The Psilotreta Banks, 1899 of the Dabie Mountains, east central China, with descriptions of two new species (Insecta: Trichoptera: Odontoceridae)
Authors: Qiu Shuang , Yan Yun-jun
Published: February 2020

The authors collected caddisflies in the Dabie Mountains in 2014 and 2015. Three species of Psilotreta Banks, 1899 were found: Psilotreta daidalos Malicky, 2000, P. furcata sp. nov., and P. brevispinosa sp. nov. The species were collected by light sheet traps or hand nets near streams in mountainous forests. All the species are described and illustrated, and the species groups to which they belong are discussed. Some variation within P. daidalos is described and the species is newly recorded from the Anhui and Hubei Provinces.
Tolerability of Aerosolized Versus Intravenous Pentamidine for Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Prophylaxis in Immunosuppressed Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Patients
Authors: Brown Kelsey S. , Reed Michael D. , Dalal Jignesh , Makii Melissa D.
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES

Pentamidine is an antifungal that is used alternatively to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim for the prophylaxis and treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP). The primary objective of this study was to assess the tolerability of aerosolized versus intravenous pentamidine for PJP prophylaxis in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult immunosuppressed patients. Secondary objectives included comparing pentamidine formulation reaction to dosing frequency and diagnosis.

METHODS

This retrospective chart review used electronic medical record (EMR) data from patients at a tertiary care pediatric teaching institution from January 1, 2014, to January 1, 2017. Information used from the EMR included pentamidine dosing, ordering, and laboratory values. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients with a cancer diagnosis, hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, and renal transplant recipients who received pentamidine for PJP prophylaxis.

RESULTS

Ninety-six patients met inclusion criteria, of which 31 received aerosolized pentamidine. Ten of the 96 patients experienced a drug-related reaction to either aerosolized or intravenous pentamidine (p = 0.134). Nine of 10 patients who experienced a reaction received intravenous pentamidine versus 1 patient who received aerosolized pentamidine (p = 0.132). In those patients who reacted to pentamidine there was a higher incidence of reactions after subsequent administration (p = 0.039) and in patients with a blood cancer diagnosis (p = 0.042).

CONCLUSIONS

Data suggest that patients who receive aerosolized pentamidine may tolerate therapy better compared to intravenous administration. Additional studies involving larger numbers of pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients are needed for stronger statistically significant clinical differences in tolerability of aerosolized versus intravenous pentamidine.
Examining a New Scale for Evaluating Taste in Children (TASTY)
Authors: Wagner Jennifer A. , Pabon Gabriela , Terrill David , Abdel-Rahman Susan M.
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES

Pediatric medication taste impacts adherence, and current recommendations advocate for direct input from pediatric patients on medication taste during drug development. However, the lack of a widely used, validated measurement tool limits taste assessments. This protocol examines the validity of, and preferences for, a newly created self-report taste rating scale designed with images centered on taste (TASTY), compared with 2 existing hedonic taste scales.

METHODS

This study was a prospective, single-center, randomized survey of child-parent dyads recruited from pediatric ambulatory care clinics and ancillary service waiting rooms. Parents facilitated the survey by identifying foods that they perceived their child would recall as pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant. Children were asked to rate each of the 3 food items on each of 3 different faces scales presented in random order. Parents and children were also asked which scale they preferred and why.

RESULTS

Ninety child-parent dyads completed this study (mean child age was 6.7 ± 2.9 years, 58% female). All 3 scales performed comparably with no significant differences (p > 0.05). However, concordance between parental assignment and child rankings was markedly lower in 3-year-olds (r < 0.4) and 4-year-olds (r < 0.6) than for children 5 years and older (r > 0.9). TASTY was preferred by both parents and children when compared with the other scales.

CONCLUSIONS

This novel hedonic taste scale for pediatric use is equally valid and preferred to comparable faces scales. The TASTY scale may be beneficial in developing standardized methodology for evaluating drug palatability.
Characterization of Admission Medication Reconciliations Performed by Pharmacists in a Pediatric Institution: Resource Allocation
Authors: Nolt Valerie D. , Patel Tulsi M. , Forbes-Osborne Marie A. , Osborne Samuel B. , Gardner Brian M. , Kuhn Robert J.
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Compared with adults, children may be at greater risk of medication errors and potential adverse effects. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends developing mechanisms for proactively identifying patients at risk for medication-related adverse events and failed reconciliation. This study's primary purpose was to evaluate pediatric patients admitted to identify risk factors requiring pharmacist intervention during medication reconciliation (MedRec).

METHODS

This prospective study included pediatric patients admitted during the study time frame until the target population of 500 patient encounters was achieved. During each admission, pharmacy staff completed a medication history, after which a pediatric pharmacist completed a MedRec, as is standard hospital practice. The primary outcome was identification of factors for high-risk transitions of care during pediatric admissions based on the need for pharmacist interventions during the MedRec process.

RESULTS

In total, 331 interventions were made for 127 patients (median 2; range, 1–12). Of the 331 interventions, 196 (59.2%) were classified as being of moderate or significant severity. Although patients with at least 2 home medications were significantly more likely to require any intervention (p < 0.0001), patients with 5 or more home medications were more likely to have a significant intervention.

CONCLUSION

Identifying patients with home medications could allow for focused efforts to intervene. Also, patients admitted to the PICU or those with cardiology- or endocrinology-related diagnoses should be prioritized for MedRec process, because of the likelihood of requiring multiple home medications. This strategy should be tailored to individual pediatric institutions based on internal quality control assessments and available resources.
Propranolol for the Treatment of Lymphatic Malformations in a Neonate – A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Liviskie Caren J. , Brennan Colleen C. , McPherson Christopher C. , Vesoulis Zachary A.
Published: February 2020

Lymphatic malformations in neonates often manifest as a chylothorax, and although rare, morbidity and mortality can be significant. First-line treatment with medium-chain triglyceride–enriched formulas, or enteric rest with total parenteral nutrition, are not always successful. We describe the case of a premature neonate with trisomy 21 who presented with bilateral pleural effusions and a pericardial effusion that worsened with the initiation of enteral nutrition. Clinical improvement was not seen until the initiation of treatment with oral propranolol at a maximum dosage of 0.5 mg/kg/day divided every 8 hours with extubation 8 days after propranolol initiation. Two case reports have described the use of propranolol in similar patients receiving 2 mg/kg/day; however, our experience is the first to report treatment success at a much lower dose. A review of the literature for alternative medication treatments uncovered numerous case reports and series documenting variable results with incongruent definitions of treatment success in a diverse patient population. The rarity of this disease state makes accrual of patients difficult and more robust treatment data unlikely. Therefore, selection of the optimal adjunctive treatment must be based on individual patient and disease state characteristics as well as safety and efficacy profile of the medication.
Impact of a Process Change on Prevalence of Prescribed Unmeasurable Liquid Doses in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Zahn Stephanie O. , Tobison Jennifer H. , Place Amanda J. , Casey Jamalyn N. , Hess Liz , Foster Todd
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES

Most prescribing through the electronic health record (EHR) in the NICU at St. Vincent Women's Hospital use a weight-based dosing calculator. Prescribers receive no alert if the resulting volume is unmeasurable. Study definition of measurable was a dose volume with a visible hash mark on an appropriately sized oral syringe. The primary objective was to compare the rate of unmeasurable oral liquid doses prescribed at discharge before and after implementation of educational process changes. Secondary objectives assessed patient and discharge medication characteristics in relation to the unmeasurable doses prescribed.

METHODS

This study was a 2-phase retrospective analysis of patients discharged from the NICU between January 1 and June 30, 2016 (phase I), and between October 1, 2017, and March 31, 2018 (phase II). Patients were included in the analysis if they were discharged on at least 1 oral liquid medication, excluding vitamins. Demographic and discharge medication information was collected.

RESULTS

There were 58 patients discharged on a total of 118 oral liquid medications in phase I and 63 patients discharged on a total of 111 oral liquid medications in phase II. Following implementation of the process change, the percentage of unmeasurable discharge prescriptions decreased from 27 (23%) to 5 (4.5%) (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The educational process change implemented in the NICU effectively reduced the rate of unmeasurable doses prescribed at discharge from 1 in 4 to 1 in 25. Additional system-level changes may result in further reductions.