bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implantación y funcionamiento de la justicia militar en la provincia de Málaga (1937)
Authors: Prieto Borrego Lucía
Published: January 2021

En el otoño de 1936, los militares sublevados contra la República diseñaron para las zonas bajo su ocupación una estructura jurídico militar que debía implantarse en Madrid, una vez que aquella ciudad fuese conquistada. La frustración de este plan determinó que el proyecto se trasladara a Málaga, ocupada en febrero de 1937. En la provincia quedaron instalados veintiséis juzgados militares a cargo de jueces civiles, militarizados exprofeso. Estos juzgados instruyeron por el Procedimiento Sumarísimo de Urgencia para los Consejos de Guerra Permanente que actuaron en la provincia entre febrero y diciembre de 1937. En este artículo se analiza la estructura que permitió el encausamiento, al menos, de 13.472 personas durante aquellos meses.
Crónica de una accidentada conmemoración: el bicentenario del Trienio Liberal en 2020.
Authors: Sánchez Martín Víctor
Published: January 2021

Está fuera de toda duda la importancia de la segunda época constitucional (1820-1823) como un momento clave en la historia de España, pues por vez primera se aplicó la legislación gaditana en un periodo de paz. El Trienio Liberal, una época aparentemente bien conocida, ha visto en los últimos años el surgimiento y revitalización de diversas líneas de investigación que han mostrado la complejidad de la época, revisando diversos planteamientos historiográficos tradicionalmente aceptados. Así pues, la conmemoración del bicentenario en este año 2020 se ha planteado como un momento paradigmático de revisión historiográfica, como queda demostrado en los recientes congresos y publicaciones que, pese a las dificultades, han visto la luz recientemente.
Ticking Time Bomb: Implications of the Covid-19 Lockdown on E-Waste Management in Developing Countries
Authors: Adejumo Oludamilola , Oluduro Olubisi Friday
Published: January 2021

The coronavirus pandemic has altered the course of events globally since the outbreak of the corona virus disease (COVID-19) late 2019 further giving credence to the long standing beliefthat the world is indeed a global village. There have been different responses by countries to the raging pandemic including imposition of lockdowns, quarantine and isolation. The imposition of the lockdown whether full or partial, has not been without major consequences leading to resort to information, communication and technological (ICT) based measures to minimize the effect of the lockdown and as an alternative to physical interactions. The use of ICT devices to bridge the gaps created by the lockdown on schools, business offices and other sectors, has led to increased use of electronic devices. The challenge of electronic waste (e-waste) management in developing countries has been on for a while and the increased use of electronic devices is likely to compound the challenge during, and post COVID-19. Whilst the development of ICT based options as viable alternative to face-to-face interactions may not be a negative development, the paper argues that the existing frameworks are inadequate to manage the resultant increase in e-waste in most developing countries and that there is need more than ever before for developing countries to exercise caution in embracing these ICT based options without putting in place measures to ensure that there is increased capacity to manage and dispose the e-waste created thereby.
«Rebus sic stantibus» y su aplicación a los contratos en situación de crisis
Authors: Artíñano Marra Pastora de
Published: January 2021

La cláusula rebus sic stantibus se configura como el mecanismo reparador del contrato que, debido a una alteración sobrevenida e imprevisible de las circunstancias ha visto gravemente perjudicado el equilibrio prestacional existente en el momento de su celebración. Con la crisis derivada de la pandemia mundial de la COVID-19 surgen algunos interrogantes en torno a esta figura, como por ejemplo la viabilidad de su aplicación en los litigios promovidos en estos meses, o que tendrán lugar próximamente, así como la posibilidad de su regulación normativa. En el presente trabajo se analizarán las certezas e incertidumbres existentes en torno a esta materia.
Reflections on COVID-19, Insurance, Business Interruption, Systemic Risk, and the Future
Authors: Jerry Robert H.
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major loss event for the insurance industry. This chapter begins with an overview of the pandemic’s most significant insurance implications. Because business interruption has been the most prominently discussed of these impacts, the second part of this chapter takes a closer look at business interruption insurance. This part describes how markets for this coverage are structured in the U.S., and then undertakes a detailed analysis of one of the most common business interruption policy forms, demonstrating that some aspects of this form, insofar as pandemic-caused business interruption is concerned, were not drafted with utmost precision. This part also discusses how disputes over common policy language used in the U.S. have unfolded, both in legislatures and the courts. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the future of insuring the business continuity risk. It explores the limitations of private markets, the role of government, and the need for an overarching strategy for pandemic risk management, within which insurance would play a significant but partial role.
Potensi Pemberian Tocilizumab pada Pasien COVID-19 Di ICU RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin
Authors: Purba Rohmantuah Trada , Adhi Mahendratama Purnama , Kusumawardhani Erna , Hardian Rapto , Tobing Andri Lumban
Published: January 2021

Latar Belakang: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) adalah penyakit pandemi yang menjadi masalah global yang melanda seluruh dunia. Manifestasi klinis dan tingkat keparahan penyakit COVID-19 sangat bervariasi. Pada pasien COVID-19 derajat kritis yang memerlukan perawatan di intensive care unit (ICU) telah ditemukan adanya proses badai sitokin yang meningkatkan mortalitas dan morbiditas. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) berperan dalam terjadinya badai sitokin.Kasus: Berikut kami laporkan serial kasus 5 pasien COVID-19 terkonfirmasi positif derajat sedang-kritis yang diberikan tocilizumab (TCZ) sebagai suatu IL-6 inhibitor yang memiliki potensi terapi menurunkan mortalitas dan morbiditas pasien COVID-19 derajat berat-kritis.Pembahasan: Dari 5 pasien yang diberikan TCZ, didapatkan hasil 3 pasien bisa pulang dan 2 pasien meninggal. Terdapat potensi pemberian IL-6 inhibitor karena dari patofisiologi penyakit COVID-19 yang berkaitan dengan IL-6 dan badai sitokin. IL-6 inhibitor dapat menurunkan mortalitas dan morbiditas dengan mencegah terjadinya badai sitokin. Hal ini diukur menggunakan evaluasi onset penyakit, kadar biomarker inflamasi dan gangguan koagulasi yang sering diteliti pada pasien COVID-19 seperti c-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-Dimer dan ferritin.Kesimpulan: Pemberian TCZ memiliki potensi efek terapeutik jika diberikan pada onset penyakit <10 hari. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menilai efek terapeutik dan timing pemberian yang tepat.
O społecznościach lokalnych i wspólnotach ludzkich w warunkach globalizacji – perspektywa pedagogiczna
Authors: Segiet Katarzyna
Published: January 2021

Contemporary researchers of local communities and human societies face a new and difficult task today. It is, on the one hand, related to the great interest in this topic and the difficulty of creating a new concept that would fully exhaust the scope of phenomena observed presently in local communities and human societies. On the other hand, the character of changes that have gained momentum in the first decade of the 21st century, and the description of their sources, become particularly difficult to describe and name. The present article is an attempt at an indication of the need of an evolution of perception on societal reality and the emerging new social issues. Contemporary paedagogy attempts to write about the necessity of awareness/ education related to the needs of establishment of local communities and the creation of bonds as a response to processes related to social life in times of globalisation. It is a fact that we are presently dealing with a change in the forms and character of local communities.
Nuda i jej typologie
Authors: Chruszczewski Michał H.
Published: January 2021

Boredom is a very interesting issue that persists in our contemporary day and age. It is not easy to define it in a positive sense (by listing its properties, which constitute a presence of something, rather than a lack of something), as it has vastly differentiated causes and symptoms. The paper presents a variety of types of boredom identified from various points of view in the humanities and social sciences. According to the author, two of these typologies are particularly convincing. The first introduces the division into the state and a trait of boredom, while the latter – describing only the state of boredom in terms of arousal and affect – postulates the existence of neutral, calibrating, searching, reactant and apathetic boredom. These typologies have been juxtaposed with others, with their similarities and differences identified and indicated.
Boredom and its typologies
Authors: Chruszczewski Michał H.
Published: January 2021

Boredom is a very interesting issue that persists in our contemporary day and age. It is not easy to define it in a positive sense (by listing its properties, which constitute a presence of something, rather than a lack of something), as it has vastly differentiated causes and symptoms. The paper presents a variety of types of boredom identified from various points of view in the humanities and social sciences. According to the author, two of these typologies are particularly convincing. The first introduces the division into the state and a trait of boredom, while the latter – describing only the state of boredom in terms of arousal and affect – postulates the existence of neutral, calibrating, searching, reactant and apathetic boredom. These typologies have been juxtaposed with others, with their similarities and differences identified and indicated.
Ateizm i dyskryminacja w obliczu współczesnych zmian na świecie
Authors: Łopuszańska Urszula , Zacharska Adrianna , Gierszon Patrycja , Samardakiewicz Marzena
Published: January 2021

The aim of this article is to present the situation of atheists around the world in the face of political and cultural changes in the world due to the increase in religious radicalism, particularly Islamic one, migration and terrorism. The article is of an illustrative character and presents the review of English literature in the scope of the discussed subject matter. Furthermore, the results of the latest global reports on prevalence of atheism in the world and the phenomenon of discrimination against persons not identifying with any faith: atheists, humanists or freethinkers were presented. The results of the selected, recent studies on the social perception of atheists and the phenomena of discrimination against them were shown. Another raised issue was the new social movement called New Atheism widespread mainly in the countries of the Western culture that in the future can constitute a new social and political challenge.
Gender representations in the Polish public space – an attempt to capture the dynamics of the discourse
Authors: Grochalska Monika
Published: January 2021

Before 2013, the term ‘gender’ as used to define male and female social roles had appeared relatively rarely in the public sphere. However, it had not been completely unknown. Whenever this term did occur in utterances of public figures, it was mostly in reference to equality policies (gender policy) and the idea of gender mainstreaming in EU projects. It was commonly associated with feminism and has in this form entered the social consciousness, including the minds of major public figures, especially those with highest state positions. The situation changed radically in 2013. The term ‘gender’ started to be connected with ‘gender ideology’, a term coined by people associated with the Catholic Church. This article presents the ways in which the issues related to the broadly meant gender are presented on the right and left sides of the political scene. This analysis is based on selected interviews and other utterances of famous politicians as well as the articles in popular weekly magazines published in 2011–2015. This paper covers both kinds of utterances – those in line with the rules of political correctness and the examples of hate speech. All examples are provided to highlight the mechanisms of discrimination hidden in the language of politics.
Has the acceptance of the equality and freedom principles increased over 15 years? A comparative analysis of attitudes among students
Authors: Czerniawska Mirosława
Published: January 2021

The publication deals with the description of attitudes towards the democratic principles of equality and freedom among students. The survey was conducted four times in five-year time intervals (2003, 2008, 2013, 2018). Samples had 325, 379, 368, and 371 respondents respectively. The author speculated that the advancement of the transformation is accompanied by growth of the acceptance of pro-democratic attitudes among students, namely the wider acceptance of the principles of equality and freedom. The attitudes were diagnosed using nine pairs of statements (these include both original statements and statements adopted from literature). The hypothesis was not confirmed. The acceptance of the principles of equality and freedom has not increased in consecutive surveys and for many statements the acceptance has decreased.
A Populist President Tests El Salvador’s Democracy
Authors: Wolf Sonja
Published: January 2021

In June 2019, Nayib Bukele, a former mayor affiliated with the former guerrilla movement FMLN, became president of El Salvador at the head of a new party allied with a splinter faction of the right-wing ARENA party. Capitalizing on the corruption scandals that tainted the two major parties, the youthful businessman rode to victory on an anti-sleaze platform. He has made Twitter his government’s main communications platform, using symbolic politics to achieve high public approval ratings. But the president spurns openness and transparency in government, is hostile to the media, and openly defies the legislature and the judiciary, putting democracy at risk.
AMLO’s Mexican Time (Business Is Good!)
Authors: Lomnitz Claudio
Published: January 2021

President Andrés Manuel López Obrador has promoted himself as a historical figure equal to the great heroes of Mexico’s national mythology. His populist rhetoric denigrates political opponents as enemies of the people. But more than two years into his term, his promises of economic growth have failed to materialize, partly because of his attachment to austerity.
Apelin/APJ relieve diabetic cardiomyopathy by reducing microvascular dysfunction
Authors: Li Bin , Yin Jiming , Chang Jing , Zhang Jia , Wang Yangjia , Huang Haixia , Wang Wei , Zeng Xiangjun
Published: January 2021

Microcirculatory injuries had been reported to be involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy, which was mainly related to endothelial cell dysfunction. Apelin, an adipokine that is upregulated in diabetes mellitus, was reported to improve endothelial cell dysfunction and attenuate cardiac insufficiency induced by ischemia and reperfusion. Therefore, it is hypothesized that apelin might be involved in alleviating endothelial cell dysfunction and followed cardiomyopathy in diabetes mellitus. The results showed that apelin improved endothelial cell dysfunction via decreasing apoptosis and expression of adhesion molecules and increasing proliferation, angiogenesis, and expression of E-cadherin, VEGFR 2 and Tie-2 in endothelial cells, which resulted in the attenuation of the capillary permeability in cardiac tissues and following diabetic cardiomyopathy. Meanwhile, the results from endothelial cell-specific APJ knockout mice and cultured endothelial cells confirmed that the effects of apelin on endothelial cells were dependent on APJ and the downstream NFκB pathways. In conclusion, apelin might reduce microvascular dysfunction induced by diabetes mellitus via improving endothelial dysfunction dependent on APJ activated NFκB pathways.
Ruled by the Pen: A Collection of Poetry and Prose
Authors: Naqvi Alleh
Published: January 2021

This project was undertaken with Temple’s CARAS research grant for which I was given the opportunity to travel to Amman, Jordan and interview writers to understand female poetic resistance. It incorporates interview transcripts, secondary research, and my own thoughts and research process woven together into a culmination of poetry and prose to answer this question: How do writers, particularly women in Amman, resist cultural, societal, and political oppression?
Enhancing NASA's Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator Using Highly Efficient Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Houtmann Jeff
Published: January 2021

This project proposal aims to enhance NASA’s Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG) by identifying and analyzing new material technologies that have been researched for their excellent thermoelectric properties at higher temperatures. By choosing the most efficient thermoelectric material available, the MMRTG’s energy conversion efficiency will be greatly improved as thermoelectric generator efficiencies are largely determined by the properties of the materials within the thermocouple devices used to convert the heat into energy. A project that focuses on enhancing the MMRTG is imperative for the future of space exploration as there is global shortage of plutonium fuel production, limiting future missions to available supplies. A more efficient generator will minimize the use of this fuel while maximizing power output, allowing for increased mission capabilities and better conservation of the scarce plutonium fuel. In this report, lanthanum telluride, Yb14MnSb14, and a multiple-filled skutterudite (SKD) compound are analyzed for their excellent thermoelectric performance. The multiple filled SKD compound is chosen as the ideal material to enhance the MMRTG based on the low cost and low risks associated with the material while producing a nearly identical efficiency relative to the other candidates. Keywords: eMMRTG, MMRTG, thermoelectric materials, thermoelectric generator, efficiency
Toward sustainable processes of pretreatment technologies of lignocellulosic biomass for enzymatic production of biofuels and chemicals: A review
Authors: Ethaib Saleem , Omar Rozita , Siti Mazlina Mustapa Kamal , Dayang Radiah Awang Biak , Zubaidi Salah L.
Published: January 2021

Lignocellulosic biomass is a class of sustainable material that can be utilized as a raw feedstock in biofuel and chemical production. However, the complex matrix structure of lignocellulosic materials complicates conversion processes, such as enzymatic hydrolysis. Therefore, an efficient pretreatment process is required to disrupt the plant cell wall structure and maximize the recovery of valuable soluble components from lignocellulosic biomass during hydrolysis. In addition, an effective pretreatment method should use the minimum necessary amounts of energy and chemicals to minimize the cost of the end product. Further, it should reduce the formation of inhibitory compounds that affect enzymes and microorganisms during hydrolysis and fermentation, and it should be applicable to a wide variety of feedstocks. The research presented in this review has highlighted the pros and cons of the current technologies employed in pretreatment processes. Further study should be done to optimize and improve these technologies to enhance the efficiency of the production of biofuels and other valuable components.
Evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from giant reed (Arundo donax L.)
Authors: García-Ortuño Teresa , Andréu-Rodríguez Javier , Ferrández-García María T. , Ferrández-Villena Manuel , Ferrández-García Clara E.
Published: January 2021

Single-layer experimental particleboards were made from various sizes of Arundo donax particles bonded with urea formaldehyde resin. The experimental panels were tested for their mechanical strength including modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bonding (IB), screw holding strength (SH), and physical properties (density, moisture content, thickness swelling (TS), and water absorption (WA)) according to the procedures defined by European Union (EN) Standards. The overall results showed that most panels exceeded the EN Standards for MOE, MOR, and IB. The mechanical properties of the particleboard were enhanced as the density increased. Particle size was found to have a profound effect on the board properties.
Discharge Age and Weight for Very Preterm Infants: 2005–2018
Authors: Edwards Erika M. , Greenberg Lucy T. , Ehret Danielle E.Y. , Lorch Scott A. , Horbar Jeffrey D.
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND:

A complex set of medical, social, and financial factors underlie decisions to discharge very preterm infants. As care practices change, whether postmenstrual age and weight at discharge have changed is unknown.

METHODS:

Between 2005 and 2018, 824 US Vermont Oxford Network member hospitals reported 314 811 infants 24 to 29 weeks’ gestational age at birth without major congenital abnormalities who survived to discharge from the hospital. Using quantile regression, adjusting for infant characteristics and complexity of hospital course, we estimated differences in median age, weight, and discharge weight z score at discharge stratified by gestational age at birth and by NICU type.

RESULTS:

From 2005 to 2018, postmenstrual age at discharge increased an estimated 8 (compatibility interval [CI]: 8 to 9) days for all infants. For infants initially discharged from the hospital, discharge weight increased an estimated 316 (CI: 308 to 324) grams, and median discharge weight z score increased an estimated 0.19 (CI: 0.18 to 0.20) standard units. Increases occurred within all birth gestational ages and across all NICU types. The proportion of infants discharged home from the hospital on human milk increased, and the proportions of infants discharged home from the hospital on oxygen or a cardiorespiratory monitor decreased.

CONCLUSIONS:

Gestational age and weight at discharge increased steadily from 2005 to 2018 for survivors 24 to 29 weeks’ gestation with undetermined causes, benefits, and costs.
MEMAKSIMALKAN LEMBAGA PENJAMIN KREDIT DALAM MEMPERMUDAHMENDAPATKAN KREDIT
Authors: Wardiyah Mia Lasmi
Published: January 2021

Makalah ini membahas mengenai UMKM dan permasa­lahan-permasalahan yang dihadapinya, terutama dalam usaha  men­dapat­kan sumber dana. Persoalan klasik, yang selalu didapat dari para UMKM ini,dalam mendapatkan sumber dana, adalah keharusan memiliki agunan, banyaknya biaya yang harus dike­luar­kan, yang nilainya cukup besar, dalam setiap pengurusan kredit.Program Menkeu pada dasarnya memihak pada para UMKM dalam usaha mendapatkan sum­ber dana secara mudah, melalui program pengua­tan kapasitas Lembaga Penjamin Kredit UMKM.  Sehingga dengan kuatnya Lembaga Penjamin Kredit ini maka akan meningkatkan kemam­puan UMKM, yang tidak atau kurang memiliki agunan, dengan membagi resiko antara Bank dengan Lembaga Pen­jamin Kre­dit. Dengan demikian akan mening­katkan kemauan Perbankan dalam menyalurkan kredit pada UMKM. Lembaga Penjamin Kredit dapat dianggap sebagai jembatan antara para pengu­saha kecil,yang tidak mempunyai agunan, dengan pihak Bank.Undang-Undang No. 9 Tahun 1995, menjelaskan me­ngenai apa itu UMKM, usaha-usaha apa saja yang dilakukan oleh Peme­rintah dalam memajukan para pengusaha UMKM ini, serta berbagai sanksi hukum yang diambil Pemerintah ter­hadap para kreditur dan debitur yang nakal.
RESTRUKTURISASI PEMBIAYAANMURABAHAH,MUDHARABAHDAN MUSYARAKAH DI BANK SYARIAH DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM
Authors: Tripalupi Ramadhani Irma
Published: January 2021

Tulisan ini menjelaskan tentang penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah di bank syariah. Selain itu, juga akandiuraikan se­ca­ra garis besar tentang bagaimana cara bank menanggulangi pembiayaan bermasalah yang dilakukan melalui upaya-upaya yang bersifat preventif dan represif/kuratif. Dalam praktiknya, penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah di bank syariah tidaklah mudah. Namun tulisan ini akan memaparkan secara ringkas tentang metode restrukturisasi pembiayaan murabahah sebagai alternatifpenyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah di bank syariah.
DASAR-DASAR POLITIK ISLAM (Upaya Membangun Paradigma Ilmu Politik Islam)
Authors: Rasyid Fauzan Ali
Published: January 2021

Tulisan ini akan menjelaskan tentang polemik tentang sistem pemerintahan yang beragam mulai dari masa Rasulullah SAW. yang hingga masa sekarang. dalam konteks siyasah/politik Islam muncul pula tarik-menarik pemikiran konsep kekuasaan yang mengkutubkan antara hak Allah dan Hak manusia. Pemi­kiran politik Islam yang direduksi dari konsep kesejarahan dan penafsiran terhadap teks-teks wahyu syarat dengan multi tafsir dan perdebatan, sehingga berujung pada tipologi paradigma ilmu politik Islam. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini secara ringkas akan memaparkan bagaimana dinamika pemikiran tentang politik Islam dalam ranah fiqih al-syasah.
PERCERAIAN USIA TIGA TAHUN PERKAWINAN DARI PASANGAN MUDA
Authors: Jundan Gozwan
Published: January 2021

Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning marriage explains that marriage is an inner and outer bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife with the aim of forming a happy family (household) based on the divinity of the Almighty. However, it was found several decisions of the Garut Religious Court which showed the age of marriage which lasted a short period of time. This study aims to determine the factors causing divorce at the age of 3 years of marriage from a young couple in the Garut Religious Court, to find out the legal reasons for judges for divorce at the age of 3 years of marriage from a young couple in the Religious Court of Garut and the judge's view of the granting of a 3 year marriage divorce decision. from a young couple in the Garut Religious Court. The results showed that the factors causing divorce at the age of 3 years of marriage can be classified into 3 main causes, namely: disputes and quarrels, lack of responsibility from the spouse and interference from outside parties. The legal reasons for judges who are sufficient to meet the reasons for divorce based on the law of several examples of decisions include: based on the information submitted before the trial the judge found the fact that between couples often quarrels and disputes occur and are not responsible for obligations in fulfilling the needs of living , as well as the parties split up residence.
EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN NIKAH (SIMKAH) DI KUA KECAMATAN JATINANGOR KABUPATEN SUMEDANG
Authors: Juneldi Rizel
Published: January 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh persoalan mengenai sebuah program yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah berupa Sistem Informasi Manajemen Nikah atau Simkah yang sudah mulai diterapkan diberbagai Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA)  di Jawa Barat, khususnya di KUA Kecamatan Jatinangor Kabupaten Sumedang. Simkah merupakan sebuah program kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah agar diterapkan pada KUA Kecamatan yang bertujuan untuk memudahkan dalam penyajian data di KUA itu sendiri. Aplikasi Simkah ini sendiri dapat membantu dalam memudahkan proses pelayanan terhadap masyarakat, hal tersebut tentu mendapat respon dari berbagai pihak. Adapun mengenai rumusan masalah yang peneliti kaji yaitu bagaimana penerapan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Nikah atau Simkah dalam pelayanan administrasi di KUA Jatinangor Kabupaten Sumedang, serta bagaimana efektivitas Simkah di KUA Jatinangor Kabupaten Sumedang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan serta efektivitas Sistem Informasi Manajemen Nikah dalam pelayanan administrasi di KUA Jatinangor Kabupaten Sumedang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, yaitu penelitian yang berusaha mengungkapkan dan menginterpretasikan fenomena yang tengah berkembang. Dalam hal ini peneliti terjun langsung ke lapangan yaitu melibatkan KUA Jatinangor Kabupaten Sumedang.
Zarzut przedawnienia jako podstawa powództwa opozycyjnego w obliczu zmian k.p.c. (usprawnienie postępowania czy ograniczenie dotychczasowych rozwiązań prawnych)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska, May Joanna
Published: January 2021

In the article dealing with the plea of limitation of action as the basis for a debtor’s action against enforcement, the author analysed the impact of amendments to the Code of Civil Procedure on the scope of application of this legal measure in the practice of applying the law. The author’s matter of concern is to decide whether changes to the CCP made by the Act of 4 July 2019 influenced the improvement of civil proceedings or only limited existing, well-functioning legal solutions. To present the issue mentioned in the title of the article properly the author first discusses the previous legal status, introducing the essence and legal nature of the debtor’s action against enforcement, and then analysed and evaluated the existing solutions. The conducted analysis indicated that the effect of adding articles 782 1 § 1 point 2, 797 § 1 1 and art. 804 § 2 of the CCP to the Code of Civil Procedure there is a significant reduction in the use of debtor’s action against enforcement. The court and the court enforcement officer, when examining the limitation period ex officio, do their part to the debtor, who is not obliged to undertake substantive defence using debtor’s action against enforcement. In author’s opinion, the effect of the newly introduced legal solutions, in addition to a number of interpretative doubts, is therefore excessive protection of the debtor at the expense of the creditor, on whom new obligations have been imposed in order to prove that the limitation period has been interrupted, which in her opinion leads to imbalance between the parties in the process.
Nowy model postępowania międzyinstancyjnego w sprawach cywilnych
Authors:   Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski, Polska, Woch Katarzyna
Published: January 2021

The Civil Procedure Code’s revision of 4 July 2019 is based on the objective of streamlining, simplifying and accelerating civil proceedings. The solution to achieve such a specific goal, inter alia is change the existing inter-instance proceeding’s model. One of the consequences of the entry into force of the Law of 4 July 2019 is the concentration of inter-in-court proceedings before the court of second instance, which translates into a change in the current way of defining the concept in question. Novum is also a judicial reference to the court’s referenda.
Tajemnica studentów prawa w związku ze świadczeniem pomocy prawnej i odbywaniem praktyk zawodowych
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Polska, Sawczenko Aleksandra , Sołkiewicz Weronika ,   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Polska
Published: January 2021

The aim of the article is to present the issues of protection and validity of professional secrets related to legal professions on the basis of internships and gaining experience by law students. The scope of the secrecy and its considerations have been developed with relation to the places most frequently chosen by students where they gain practical skills, as courts, student legal clinics and law firms. In the process of creating the publication, a short questionnaire concerning internships, forms of cooperation and students and graduates opinions on the protection of professional secrets was conducted, the results of which are described in the article.
Stwierdzenia zasiedzenia nieruchomości a koszty postępowania nieprocesowego w badaniach empirycznych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polska, Dzierzbicki Cezary
Published: January 2021

Court costs and way of conducting of the non-contentious proceedings is discussed on an example of 11 cases concerning declaration of prescription of real estate, which were recognized by 4 Districts Courts in: Warsaw (2), Żyrardów and Skierniewice. The aim of the empirical research is determining the scope of regulations, which are applied by judges and their frequency of use. In that way the impact of decisions, which are issued in the typical procedural situations as well as presiding judge’s orders within the framework of conducting trial is proved on the non-contentious proceedings especially substantive decision. In these cases lack of opportunity of refund the costs of the non-contentious proceedings causes applicant’s and participant’s passivity and, as a consequence, it transfers burden of conducting evidence proceedings on court. Another problem is also exemption of the court costs and appointing ex officio an attorney or legal advisor for poor people.
Development of a program for diagnosing diseases by the test recognition method
Authors: Reznikova Kseniya , Savchenko Denis , Smyshlyaeva Anna
Published: January 2021

Theory of pattern recognition is an important theoretical and applied area in computer science. Depending on the nature of the task for recognition are used different approaches. In this article the authors investigate the current state of the use of supercomputers in the field of medical diagnostics and propose an affordable applied solution for diagnosing diseases based on the use of test recognition.
Test recognition is based on such a combinatorial-logical approach as a test algorithm. Test algorithms are based on the analysis of a set of deadlock table tests and depend on the dimension of a given matrix of objects and their features. A deadlock test is an incompressible set of features that contains all the information about dividing a table into classes.
In this work briefly presents the chronology of the development of test algorithms for solving recognition problems.
The authors have developed an interpretation of the test algorithm to automate the diagnosis of diseases by identifying the proximity of the desired subset (available symptoms) to one of the existing ones (diagnoses) by defining deadlock tests.
In addition to the presented algorithm, screenshots are presented with an example of a
step-by-step solution in the form of a console application created in the high-level programming language C#.
On the basis of the developed algorithm, the authors propose an example of a ready-made software solution in the form of a window application for diagnosing diseases based on the patient's symptoms. The developed software solution allows to mark the patient's symptoms and automatically calculate the most probable disease. The program narrows the range of acceptable values (diagnoses) depending on the symptoms marked by the user and provides an assessment of possible diseases, helping the doctor in making a diagnosis and minimizing errors made by the human factor.
The article provides an assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the developed solution, considers other areas of application of test recognition
Modern technologies in Industry 4.0 – cyber-physical systems
Authors: Smyshlyaeva Anna , Reznikova Kseniya , Savchenko Denis
Published: January 2021

With the advent of the Industry 4.0 concept, the approach to production automation has fundamentally changed. The manufacturing industry is based on such modern technologies as the Internet of Things, Big Data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and cyber-physical systems. These technologies have proven themselves not only in industry, but also in various other branches of life. In this paper, the authors consider the concept of cyber-physical systems – systems based on the interaction of physical processes with computational ones.
The article presents a conceptual model of cyber-physical systems that displays its elements and their interaction. In cyber-physical systems, it represents five levels: physical, network, data storage, processing and analytics level, application level. Cyber-physical systems carry out their work using a basic set of technologies: the Internet of things, big data and cloud computing. Additional technologies are used depending on the purpose of the system. At the physical level, data is collected from physical devices. With the help of the Internet of Things at the network level, data is transferred to a data warehouse for further processing or processed almost immediately thanks to cloud computing. The amount of data in cyber-physical systems is enormous, so it is necessary to use big data technology and effective methods for processing and analyzing this data. The main feature of this technological complex is real-time operation.
Despite the improvement in the quality of production and human life, cyber-physical systems have a number of disadvantages. The authors highlight the main problems of cyber-physical systems and promising areas of research for their development. Having solved the listed problems,
cyber-physical systems will reach a qualitatively new level of utility.
The paper also provides examples of the implementation of concepts such as a smart city, smart grid, smart manufacturing, smart house. These concepts are based on the principle of cyber-physical systems.
Ecological and economic efficiency of cooperation at waste management
Authors: Khramov Vladimir , Vishnyakov Yakov
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the environmental and economic aspects of the effectiveness of cooperation with customers and processors of secondary raw materials in waste management. The area of research and implementation of the research results is the handling of film waste in warehouse logistics. The role and importance of environmentally friendly development of companies engaged in the field of logistics has been determined. The article discusses modern methods for the use of waste in warehouse logistics and offers improved methods for working with them using the method of analyzing financial and economic indicators in the interests of assessing the effectiveness of restructuring or improving processes associated with the formation of film waste in warehouse logistics. The economic efficiency of using the PHP press has been proved simultaneously with the optimization of the processes of sorting mixed waste in warehouse logistics. In order to increase the use of films from recycled materials, a new method has been proposed that partially replaces the use of films from primary raw materials. In addition, a method of cooperation between a warehouse company and a recycler was proposed and tested in order to minimize the supply chain and obtain an additional economic effect due to the return of waste back to products. The article discusses cooperation with the use of a tolling scheme, in which waste for a logistics company is converted into raw materials, and not into products, as is the case with the usual sale of waste. Considered and proved the effectiveness of cooperation with the use of a tolling scheme regarding taxation, both for the processor of raw materials and for the warehouse company. In our opinion, the research results presented in the article convincingly demonstrate the positive impact of the proposed measures on the economic, environmental and social spheres, which may serve as a sufficient basis for using such approaches in the interests of the environmentally oriented development of logistics companies.
Reflected cracks buildups surveying and process simulation in double-layer asphalt-concrete systems
Authors: Kamenchukov Aleksey , Ukrainskiy Ilya
Published: January 2021

The paper studies the matters of multilayer asphalt-concrete systems cracking resistance, specifically we investigated the occurrence and development causes and peculiarities of the reflected cracks. In this study was examined the highways’ state of repair and the prerequisites for the defects formation on the pavement were determined, as well as the regional road structure operation aspect. The authors studied from every angle the causes of internal and external asphalt concrete pavements defects and deformations. The most popular filling of cracks technologies and restoring the pavement are were discussed in this paper, also the experience of roads repairing in the western part of Russia, Europe, and the USA was investigated. The determination results of the formation and develop-ment defects rate on the surface of the operated roads are presented in this article.
Cracks in double-layer samples of finegrained asphalt concrete were simulated in laboratory conditions. A prototype model of 10 cm height and diameter were made by molding and densifying in layers, and a crack was laid in the lower layer of the prototype. Af-ter densifying samples were tested for compression. The physical modeling results analysis allows us to assume the dependence between the presence (or ab-sence) of pavement internal defects and the structural solidity.
Mathematical modeling of the operation of a double-layer system was performed in the GenIDE32 software package to confirm the hypothesis. Evaluation of the stress-strain state by the finite element method showed the presence of system weakening characteristics zones around the defect area. There is increasing inter-nal stresses and deformations around the crack in a double-layer system, as well as a decrease in the overall system strength (stability). In the end, conclusions about the influence of asphalt-concrete pavement internal defects on the reflected cracks formation pro-cess were drawn.
Probabity distributions of the academic performance of online courses's students as a tool for assesment of the quality of control materials
Authors: Tolmachev Aleksandr , Sinitsyn Evgeniy , Astratova Galina
Published: January 2021

Digitalization of higher education is accompanied by significant changes in the usual way of University life, such as: an increase in the number of students simultaneously studying one course, a reduction in personal contact between teachers and students during training, an expansion of the set of tools for developing courses, more complex approaches to evaluating courses, etc. These changes require new approaches to organizing the activities of all participants in the educational process – students, teachers, authors of online courses, and administrative staff of the educational institution. The scale of the problem statement requires its decomposition and solution in parts.
The paper considers the problem of assessing the control materials for online courses, arising in processes of the digital transformation of education. A model for evaluation of control materials and tests on the base of the probability distributions analysis of students' academic performance, developed using the mathematical apparatus of the theory of Markov processes, is proposed.
As indicators for the analysis and assessment of the quality of control materials, the probabilities of transitions between groups with different academic performance and asymptotic stable probability distributions of academic performance were chosen.
As an example, these indicators were calculated for four online courses of the Ural Federal University. A comparative analysis and conclusions were made regarding the complexity of the courses materials. The possible application of the proposed indicators by various participants in the educational process is discussed.
Considered in the work group indices – the probabilities of transitions between groups of progress and sustainable distribution groups progress characterizing the student body, and control and measuring materials of the online course can be useful for students choosing courses for individual educational trajectories, the authors of courses, making decisions on modifications to course materials, managers of educational programs, selecting courses for their programs.
Hyderabad Metro Rail in India: a new record for public–private partnerships
Authors: Killada Mohana , Gottumukkala Raju V R
Published: January 2021

Completed in 2020, the US$3.3 billion Hyderabad Metro Rail project in India set a new record public–private partnership delivery. The 67 km railway has three lines, 57 stations and two depots. Factors ensuring success included stakeholder consultation, ability to access funds, competitive and transparent procurement, a strong delivery consortium and appropriate risk allocation. Modular standardised stations and structures saved time and money, reduced design and quality control efforts and cut maintenance. The use of balanced cantilever construction and the spine and wing method also drastically reduced station footprints. The project has won multiple national and international awards.
Voice of the Pilgrims: Understanding of Pilgrims’ Motivations and Experiences in Catholic Shrines in Korea for Sustainable Development and Management
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Kim Bo-Na
Published: January 2021

Catholic shrines in Korea have been recognized as not only religious pilgrimage destinations but also cultural heritage sites related to a century-long persecution that produced thousands of martyrs. In order to play the multiple roles of the shrines, it is needed to understand how to manage sustainable development and preserve the tangible cultural assets. However, there has been limited effort to conduct empirical study to articulate experiences of pilgrims who are the actual visitors of the shrines. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore various motivations for pilgrimage and experiences perceived by pilgrims in Korean Catholic shrines. By adopting exploratory research design, in-depth interviews with 16 pilgrims were conducted and content analysis was adopted to analyze the dataset. The findings showcase that psychological factors, religious and spiritual factors, historical factors through enlightenment of martyrdom and leisure related factors are identified to be vital motivators. Especially, it is noted that achievement and knowledge sharing intention are supplementary motives. In addition, pilgrims’ experiences during their pilgrimage journey are structured into four sequential stages: preparation, on the way, activities at shrine and routinization of pilgrimage in everyday life. Based on the lived experiences structured according to the psychological process and their consciousness, it is discovered that pilgrims have obtained symbolic, experiential, functional and other aspects of pilgrimage experiences. The study results suggest empirical implications of future direction for sustainable development and management of religious shrines. As a result, it is hoped that this study will eventually contribute to knowledge base on growing phenomenon of domestic pilgrimage and the essence of pilgrimage experience in the field of tourism studies.