bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Fireworks on Selected Ambient Particulate Metal Concentrations Associated with the Independence Day Holiday
Authors: Rocco Danielle , Morales Esther , Deflin Tyler , Truong Jason , Ju Jaebin , Curtis Daniel B.
Published: December 2024

Fireworks are often used in celebrations and are a known transient source of extreme particulate air pollution, and the particles produced by fireworks are known to contain potentially harmful heavy metals. This study investigated ambient particulate metal concentrations associated with heavy firework use during the United States Independence Day holiday in July 2020 and July 2021 in Fullerton, California, located within the greater Los Angeles metropolitan area. For this study, barium (Ba), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and strontium (Sr) were quantified, with Ba, Cu, and Sr being known tracers for fireworks and Cr and Pb being potentially harmful. Total suspended particulates (TSP) were collected with filters and then extracted and analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Hourly ambient particulate concentrations at a nearby monitoring station exceeded 500 μg m−3 and 300 μg m−3 in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Greater concentrations of overall particulate matter and ambient metal concentrations were observed during 2020 when compared to 2021, consistent with studies in the literature that have shown increased firework use in the area, likely due to the COVID-19 restrictions in place in 2020. In 2021, the Ba, Cu, and Sr concentrations peaked overnight on 4–5 July as expected, but the Cr and Pb concentrations peaked in the afternoon on July 5. In 2020, the peak concentrations of Cr and Pb were 510 ± 40 ng m−3 and 710 ± 30 ng m−3, respectively, while 4900 ± 200 ng m−3, 3860 ± 40 ng m−3, and 1810 ± 30 ng m−3 were observed for Ba, Cu, and Sr, respectively, among the highest ever observed to our knowledge.
DDVV Inequality on Submanifolds Coupled with a Slant Factor in Quaternionic Kaehler Manifolds
Authors: Bossly Rawan , Choudhary Majid Ali , Siddiqi Mohd Danish , Bahadır Oḡuzhan , Gülbahar Mehmet
Published: December 2024

This work aims to provide generalized Wintgen inequalities for slant submanifolds embedded in quaternionic space forms, taking into consideration both semi-symmetric metric and semi-symmetric non-metric connections. Moreover, we discuss the same inequality for totally real, anti-invariant, and invariant submanifolds on quaternionic space forms, endowed with both semi-symmetric metric and semi-symmetric non-metric connections. We also characterized the equality case through specific forms of shape operators of Wintgen inequalities for these classes of submanifolds in quaternionic space forms, admitting a semi-symmetric metric connection and a semi-symmetric non-metric connection.
Unraveling Ferroptosis: A New Frontier in Combating Renal Fibrosis and CKD Progression
Authors: Jin Rui , Dai Yue , Wang Zheng , Hu Qinyang , Zhang Cuntai , Gao Hongyu , Yan Qi
Published: December 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern caused by conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and chronic nephritis, leading to structural and functional kidney injury. Kidney fibrosis is a common outcome of CKD progression, with abnormal fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disrupting renal energy homeostasis and leading to functional impairments. This results in maladaptive repair mechanisms and the secretion of profibrotic factors, and exacerbates renal fibrosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of renal fibrosis is crucial for delaying CKD progression. Ferroptosis is a type of discovered an iron-dependent lipid peroxidation-regulated cell death. Notably, Ferroptosis contributes to tissue and organ fibrosis, which is correlated with the degree of renal fibrosis. This study aims to clarify the complex mechanisms of ferroptosis in renal parenchymal cells and explore how ferroptosis intervention may help alleviate renal fibrosis, particularly by addressing the gap in CKD mechanisms related to abnormal lipid metabolism under the ferroptosis context. The goal is to provide a new theoretical basis for clinically delaying CKD progression.
The History of the Brazilian Sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis) Between Two Fishery Collapses: An Ecosystem Modeling Approach to Study Its Life Cycle
Authors: Schroeder Rafael , Petermann Angélica , Correia Alberto Teodorico
Published: December 2024

The inter-annual fluctuations of abundance of the Brazilian sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis) during the last decades have deeply modified the purse seine fishery dynamics. This study evaluates the trophic relationships of the main species exploited by this fishery and the importance of its biomass for the southeast–south Brazil marine ecosystem (22° S–34° S). Data were analyzed using a mass balance model (ECOPATH) between the two fishery collapses: 2000 and 2017. From 2000 onwards, the sardine fishery adopted a multi-species character. The mean trophic level of the catches (MTL) showed a decreasing trend until 2008, when more modern vessels with greater autonomy entered the fishery, and expanded the traditional fishing area to exploit northern fishing grounds. The MTL in the expanded fishing area suddenly increased and was characterized by high biomass of the Brazilian sardine and other species with a high biomass and high ecotrophic impact, falling again to the lowest level in 2016. The model evidenced high estimates for fishing mortality, natural mortality, and flow to detritus between 2008 and 2016, when sardine fishing collapsed. During this period, a sharp drop in the primary production required to sustain the catches from 2012 onwards accompanied a significant fall in the biomass accumulation rate. This pattern was coincidental with the increasing mean temperature of the catches, which was probably acting as a limiting factor for the primary production, resulting in a higher natural mortality and flow to detritus. Furthermore, the higher fishing mortality may have led the stock to collapse.
Multi-Scale Characterisation and Mechanical Adhesion in PVD-Deposited Ca-SZ Coating for Implantable Medical Devices
Authors: Tchinda Alex , Kouitat-Ndjiwa Richard , Bravetti Pierre
Published: December 2024

Oral implantology faces a multitude of technical challenges in light of current clinical experience, underlining the need for innovation in implantable medical devices in both mechanical and biological terms. Objectives: This study explores the influence of the thickness factor of calcium-doped zirconia (Ca-SZ) coatings deposited by PVD on their intrinsic mechanical properties and the determinism of the latter on adhesion to the TA6V alloy substrate after mechanical loading for applications in dental implantology. Methods: Three separate thicknesses of 250 nm, 450 nm and 850 nm were evaluated in terms of mechanical strength, modulus of elasticity and adhesion to the substrate, in accordance with ISO 20502:2005. Results: The results show an increase in apparent modulus of elasticity with thickness, reaching values of around 25.05 GPa and 36.3 GPa, close to the cortical bone for the 250 nm and 450 nm thick coatings, respectively. Adhesion tests show a progressive improvement up to 450 nm, followed by a similar observation at 850 nm, underlining the importance of optimal thickness to balance mechanical protection and biomechanical compatibility. Furthermore, the initial roughness and topography of the substrate were not influenced by the different thicknesses of the Ca-SZ coating. Conclusions: Together, these results reinforce the potential of Ca-SZ coatings to minimise stress shielding in dental implants.
Synergistic Approach of High-Precision 3D Printing and Low Cell Adhesion for Enhanced Self-Assembled Spheroid Formation
Authors: Lu Chunxiang , Jin Aoxiang , Gao Chuang , Qiao Hao , Liu Huazhen , Zhang Yi , Sun Wenbin , Yang Shih-Mo , Liu Yuanyuan
Published: December 2024

Spheroids, as three-dimensional (3D) cell aggregates, can be prepared using various methods, including hanging drops, microwells, microfluidics, magnetic manipulation, and bioreactors. However, current spheroid manufacturing techniques face challenges such as complex workflows, the need for specialized personnel, and poor batch reproducibility. In this study, we designed a support-free, 3D-printed microwell chip and developed a compatible low-cell-adhesion process. Through simulation and experimental validation, we rapidly optimized microwell size and the coating process. We successfully formed three types of spheroids—human immortalized epidermal cells (HaCaTs), umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs), and human osteosarcoma cells (MG63s)—on the chip. Fluorescent viability staining confirmed the biocompatibility and reliability of the chip. Finally, drug response experiments were conducted using the chip. Compared to traditional methods, our proposed strategy enables high-throughput production of size-controlled spheroids with excellent shape retention, while enhanced gas exchange during culture improves differentiation marker expression. This platform provides an efficient and cost-effective solution for biosensing applications, such as drug screening, disease modeling, and personalized therapy monitoring. Furthermore, the chip shows significant potential for real-time in vitro monitoring of cellular viability, reaction kinetics, and drug sensitivity, offering valuable advancements in biosensor technology for life sciences and medical applications.
A Multi-Layered Origami Tactile Sensory Ring for Wearable Biomechanical Monitoring
Authors: Karmakar Rajat Subhra , Lin Hsin-Fu , Huang Jhih-Fong , Chao Jui-I , Liao Ying-Chih , Lu Yen-Wen
Published: December 2024

An origami-based tactile sensory ring utilizing multilayered conductive paper substrates presents an innovative approach to wearable health applications. By harnessing paper’s flexibility and employing origami folding, the sensors integrate structural stability and self-packaging without added encapsulation layers. Knot-shaped designs create loop-based systems that secure conductive paper strips and protect sensing layers. Demonstrating a sensitivity of 3.8 kPa−1 at subtle pressures (0–0.05 kPa), the sensors detect both minimal stimuli and high-pressure inputs. Electrical modeling of various origami configurations identifies designs with optimized performance with a pentagon knot offering higher sensitivity to support high-sensitivity needs. Meanwhile a square knot provides greater precision and quicker recovery, balancing sensitivity and stability for real-time feedback devices. The enhanced elastic modulus from folds remains within human skin’s elasticity range, ensuring comfort. Applications include grip strength monitoring and pulse rate detection from the thumb, capturing pulse transit time (PTT), an essential cardiovascular biomarker. This design shows the potential of origami-based tactile sensors in creating versatile, cost-effective wearable health monitoring systems.
Electrochemical Glucose Sensor Based on Dual Redox Mediators
Authors: Quan Changyun , Zhang Yue , Liu Yuanyuan , Wen Liping , Yang Haixia , Huang Xueqin , Yang Minghui , Xu Binjie
Published: December 2024

Electrochemical glucose sensor holds significant promise for the monitoring of blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. In this study, we proposed a novel electrochemical glucose sensor based on 1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione (PD)/Ru(III) as a dual redox mediator. The synergistic effect of PD and Ru(III) was utilized to efficiently facilitate the electron transfer between the enzyme-active center and the electrode. Then, a commercial disposable electrochemical glucose sensor was constructed based on screen-printing electrodes. Experimental results indicated the synergy between PD and Ru(III) provided a promising electron transfer environment for a glucose dehydrogenase (GDH)-catalyzed glucose reaction. The sensor exhibits a linear glucose response range from 0.01 to 38.6 mmol/L, with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 7.0 µmol/L and a sensitivity of 38 µA·L/(mmol·cm2). The accuracy of the sensor was further validated in spiked recovery tests of human venous blood samples. The glucose recovery rate was between 99.5% and 107%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 3.2%. These results demonstrate that our sensor has high potential for commercialization and practical application in glucose monitoring.
Application of Multidomain Cognitive Training in a Tele-Neurorehabilitation Setting for Treatment of Post-Stroke Cognitive Disorders
Authors: Contrada Marianna , Pignolo Loris , Vatrano Martina , Pucci Caterina , Mantia Isabel , Scarfone Federica , Quintieri Maria , Cerasa Antonio , Arabia Gennarina
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Cognitive dysfunctions are still very common in the chronic phase of stroke when patients are discharged from neurorehabilitation centers. Even individuals who appear to have made a full clinical recovery may exhibit new deficiencies at home. Here, we present evidence of a novel kind of therapy at home aimed at contrasting the heterogenic evolution of stroke patients using a multidomain cognitive approach. Methods: Eighteen ischemic stroke patients were assessed in a within-subject longitudinal design (age 62.33 ± 11.1 years; eight men). Patients underwent the Tele-NeuroRehabilitation (TNR) multidomain cognitive training treatment using the Virtual Reality Rehabilitation System (VRRS) five times a week for 1 h sessions for four consecutive weeks. The protocol included the stimulation of specific cognitive functions, such as logical skills, praxis skills, attention, executive functions, memory, space time orientation and perception, and speech therapy. To determine neuropsychological changes, patients were evaluated before the sessions (T0), at the end of the sessions (T1), and after six months (T2). Results: The multidomain cognitive training induced a significant improvement in the working memory and language abilities as well as depression symptoms and alleviated caregiver burden. Most of this cognitive enhancement persisted after six months (T2), with the exception of depression symptoms. Otherwise, a significant decline in attention abilities was reported, thus demonstrating a lack of effect in this function. Conclusions: Our results suggest that multidomain cognitive TNR is a suitable protocol for reducing some cognitive and behavioral alterations in patients with strokes, with a beneficial impact also on the caregivers’ burden distress management. Further RCTs are warranted to validate this new kind of approach.
The Sound Sensitivity Symptoms Questionnaire Version 2.0 (SSSQ2) as a Screening Tool for Assessment of Hyperacusis, Misophonia and Noise Sensitivity: Factor Analysis, Validity, Reliability, and Minimum Detectable Change
Authors: Aazh Hashir , Kula Fatma Betul
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The Sound Sensitivity Symptoms Questionnaire version 2 (SSSQ2) is a brief clinical tool with six items designed to be used (1) as a measure for severity of sound sensitivity symptoms in general (based on its total score) and (2) as a checklist to screen different forms of sound sensitivity. The objective of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the SSSQ2. Method: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 451 people completed the online survey. A total of 154 people completed the survey twice with a two-week interval to establish test–retest reliability. The average age of the participants was 36.5 years (range 18 to 86 years). Results: Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the SSSQ2 is a one-factor questionnaire. Cronbach’s α was 0.80. The test–retest reliability was good for the total SSSQ2 score and was moderate for the sum of items 1 and 3 (indicating loudness hyperacusis), item 2 (for pain hyperacusis), item 4 (for misophonia), item 5 (for fear hyperacusis), and item 6 (for noise sensitivity). The minimum amount of change that constitutes a true change in the total SSSQ2 score is ≥5 points. Conclusions: The SSSQ2 can be used in clinical practice or research setting to measure the severity of general sound sensitivity as a one-factor questionnaire with acceptable internal consistency and good reliability. In addition, the individual items in the SSSQ2 can be used as a checklist to screen for various forms of sound sensitivity.
Epitome of the Region—Regional Nostalgia Design Based on Digital Twins
Authors: Chen Liling , Song Yicong , Niu Xiaojing , Luan Xin , Yang Liu , Qin Shengfeng
Published: December 2024

Nostalgic scenes can trigger nostalgia to a considerable extent and can be effectively used as a nostalgic trigger that contributes to the psychological comfort of the elderly and immigrant populations, but a design system has not been adequately studied. Therefore, the design principles and digital twin (DT) design system of nostalgic scenes is proposed in this study. It focuses on the construction of a nostalgic scene DT model based on the system of system (SoS) theory. Nostalgic scenes related to farm work are selected and photos of this DT model from a particular perspective are generated for presentation. Co-occurrence analysis is used to verify the correlation between elements within the scene. We invited two groups of residents in Xi’an, the regional group and the non-regional group, a total of 68 people, as participants to rate three photos with different degrees of design on the Likert scale. The results of data analysis show that systematic and well-composed nostalgic scene images, which incorporate relevant elements, are more likely to evoke participants’ nostalgic emotions than ones without those elements mentioned above. Likewise, a series of nostalgic scene images spanning various periods can stimulate participants’ nostalgic emotions more effectively than a single image. Furthermore, region-specific nostalgic scene images that resonate with participants sharing similar lifestyles can trigger their nostalgic feelings more effectively. The digital twin model of the nostalgia scene contains multi-source data, which can be dynamically visualised to represent regional nostalgic experiences. The design system can be used to design nostalgic scenes to improve emotional health, social bonding, tourism, and sustainable urban and rural development.
Why Be Funny: The Influence of Social Norms on the Communicative Functions of Humor
Authors: Miczo Nathan , Meyer John C.
Published: December 2024

Humor is a valued social activity and, as such, should be influenced by social norms. This investigation examined the relationships between the functions of humor and the theory of normative social behavior. Descriptive norms are the foundation of TNSB. However, the theory argues that those norms are influenced by a set of moderators that can strengthen or attenuate proposed relationships. One hundred and sixty-three college students completed measures of TNSB variables (descriptive norms, injunctive norms, outcome expectation, group identification, and reward) as well as Ramsey and Meyer’s functions of humor scale (identification, clarification, enforcement, and differentiation). Though descriptive norms significantly correlated with all four humor functions, in regression analyses, no significant associations emerged. On the other hand, injunctive norms consistently predicted humor functions. In moderation analyses, the interaction between descriptive norms and reward was significant for all four functions of humor. The discussion highlights the role that normative mechanisms play in shaping the ways people use humor in their everyday lives.
Mechanical and Freeze-Thaw Characterization of Lignin-BFS (GGBS)-Modified Silty Clays
Authors: Sun Yidan , Yu Fujun , Yang Yu , Li Chao , Xue Songling , Huang Jiankun
Published: December 2024

Using silty clay as roadbed filling can lead to roadbed diseases. In this paper, silty clay was modified with lignin and BFS (GGBS). Then, the mechanical properties, freeze-thaw characteristics, and microscopic mechanisms were investigated using unconfined compression tests, California bearing ratio tests, rebound modulus tests, freeze-thaw cycling tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that as the curing age increased, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of modified silty clay gradually increased, and the relationship between the stress and axial strain of the samples gradually transitioned from strain-softening to strain-hardening. As the lignin content decreased and the BFS content increased, the UCS, California bearing ratio (CBR), and rebound modulus of the modified silty clay first increased and then tended to stabilize. Adding lignin and BFS can effectively resist volume increase and mass loss during freeze-thaw cycles. When the ratio of lignin to BFS was 4%:8%, the growth rate of the UCS, CBR, and rebound modulus was the largest, the change rate in volume and mass and the loss rate of the UCS under the freeze-thaw cycle were the smallest, and the silty clay improvement effect was the most significant. The microscopic experimental results indicated that a large amount of hydrated calcium silicate products effectively increased the strength of interunit connections, filled soil pores, and reduced pore number and size. The research results can further improve the applicability of silty clay in roadbed engineering, protect the environment, and reduce the waste of resources.
Automatic Calculation Method for Effective Length Factor of Bridge Piers Considering Shear Deformation
Authors: Fang Shuiping , Liu Chongjun , Zhang Chun
Published: December 2024

The effective length factor (ELF) of bridge piers, a critical design parameter, is determined by solving the transcendental equation governing stability. Efficient and accurate solutions to these equations under various constraints are essential for automating bridge design software. In this paper, the bridge pier is simplified as an elastically restrained column based on the Timoshenko beam model, and the pier stability equation under general elastic constraints considering shear deformation is derived. By analyzing the distribution patterns of the solutions to the transcendental equations with and without considering shear deformation, a novel two-stage Adaptive Sequential Root Search Method based on bisection algorithm (ASRSBM2s) is proposed to calculate the ELF. In the first stage, the smallest positive root of the transcendental equation without considering shear deformation is first calculated, and the obtained positive root is used to restrict the solution domain of the transcendental equation considering shear deformation in the second stage. Compared with the results of the finite element method (FEM), the proposed algorithm can accurately determine the correct roots of the transcendental equation for various bridge scenarios, and the maximum relative error of the calculated ELF of bridge piers is below 2.5%.
Spatial Correlation Network of Construction and Demolition Waste Management Efficiency: A Study Based on an Improved Three-Stage SBM-DEA Model in China
Authors: Yang Xueying , Wen Shiping
Published: December 2024

Exploring the management efficiency of construction and demolition waste (CDW) and the spatial correlation network across regions in China is essential for promoting sustainable development and optimizing resource allocation. This study utilizes an improved three-stage SBM-DEA model and social network analysis to examine the management efficiency of CDW across 30 regions in China from 2010 to 2020. Research findings indicate that from 2010 to 2020, China’s CDW management efficiency improved, with a clear spatial gradient observed across regions. The eastern regions performed better than the western, northeastern, and central areas. Key factors affecting CDW management efficiency include economic development, infrastructure expansion, government policies, and technological progress. Economic growth was negatively associated with redundancy in labor and machinery, while infrastructure development correlated positively with labor, machinery, and capital redundancy. In some areas, government policies contributed to excessive capital investment, increasing redundancy. Technological progress helped reduce labor and machinery redundancy but had a minimal impact on capital redundancy. The spatial correlation network of CDW management demonstrated a “small-world” structure, maintaining stability in network density, relatedness, and hierarchy, though the network efficiency showed a downward trend. Beijing, Henan, and Xinjiang stood out as key nodes in the network, performing strongly in various centrality measures.
Examining the Impacts of House Prices on Self-Rated Health of Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Wang Min , Tan Zixuan , Chen Ruying , Zhuang Xuefang
Published: December 2024

As the global aging trend increases, older adults are placing greater emphasis on their health. Evidence indicates that there is a complex association between house prices and older adults’ health, with their subjective well-being potentially acting as a mediator in this connection. A mediation model, utilizing data from China’s 2018 Labor Dynamics Survey, was employed to examine the impact pathway of house prices, subjective well-being, and self-rated health, while investigating the differences between young-old and old-old groups. The major findings are as follows: (1) House prices negatively affected self-rated health among the older adults. (2) The subjective well-being of older adults mediated the pathway through which house prices affected their self-rated health. (3) For old-old adults, higher house prices were more strongly linked to an increased likelihood of reporting good, very good, or excellent health. Subjective well-being was more significantly associated with reporting better health among the young-old group. Compared with the young-old population, the impact of house prices on self-rated health was stronger among the old-old, and the degree increased with increasing age. Consequently, to improve older adults’ well-being and self-rated health, effective healthy-aging policies should not only consider the influence of the real estate market, but also balance the allocation of elderly service facilities, promote affordable housing, and implement a combination of medical and nursing care from the perspective of urban planning.
Energy Performance-Oriented Multi-Objective Optimization of Spatial Form of High-Rise Residential Blocks in the Changsha Region
Authors: Huang Wenhao , Tian Fang , Huang Tengfei
Published: December 2024

Optimizing urban spatial form has become an important research topic for promoting urban sustainable development and improving energy efficiency. This study selects 164 high-rise residential blocks in the Changsha area as the research object and constructs three multi-objective optimization frameworks and mathematical models for the spatial form of high-rise residential blocks based on the Rhino and Grasshopper parametric platform. The TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method is combined to further screen the Pareto front solutions, and global sensitivity analysis of spatial form parameters is conducted using Simlab to explore the multi-objective optimization strategies for the spatial form of high-rise residential blocks in the Changsha area, guided by energy performance. Practical cases are selected for verification. The results show that, (1) after multi-objective optimization, the optimal scheme for the determinant type reduces EUI by 7.22%, increases PVP by 28.84%, and reduces CGR by 2.21%. The optimal scheme for the point-cluster type reduces EUI by 3.80%, increases PVP by 7.34%, and reduces CGR by 2.30%. The optimal scheme for the staggered type reduces EUI by 6.66%, increases PVP by 17.65%, and reduces CGR by 2.26%. (2) The potential order of spatial form optimization for the three types of high-rise residential blocks in the Changsha area is determinant type > staggered type > point-cluster type. (3) The spatial form parameters most sensitive to the three architectural performance goals of EUI, PVP, and CGR are floor area ratio and average number of floors. The research results will provide quantifiable references for scientific decision-making in the design practice of high-rise residential blocks in the Changsha area and even in regions with hot summers and cold winters.
Prognostic Value of Blood-Based Inflammatory Markers in Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Midik Mustafa Murat , Gunenc Damla , Acar Pınar Fatma , Karaca Burcak Saziye
Published: December 2024

Background: Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved cancer treatment, a substantial proportion of patients do not benefit from these therapies, revealing the crucial need to identify reliable biomarkers. Inflammatory markers, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), pan-immune inflammation value (PIV), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and C-reactive protein (CRP), may provide insights into treatment outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of multiple inflammatory markers in patients with cancer receiving ICI-based therapies. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 226 patients treated with ICI-based therapies at a single center between 2012 and 2023. The inflammatory markers NLR, PIV, SII, SIRI, LDH, CRP, and albumin were assessed. Cut-off values were determined using maximally selected rank statistics, and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis. Results: High NLR, PIV, SII, SIRI, LDH, and CRP, as well as low albumin levels, were associated with worse OS and PFS (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, high CRP, LDH, NLR, PIV, and SII independently predicted worse OS. Conclusions: Our findings confirm the prognostic utility of several inflammatory biomarkers in patients with cancer receiving ICIs, highlighting their potential for treatment stratification. Further studies are necessary to standardize cut-off values and validate these findings across broader, more diverse populations.
Abnormal p53 High-Grade Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Casanova João , Babiciu Alexandru , Duarte Gonçalo S. , da Costa Ana Gomes , Serra Sofia Silvério , Costa Teresa , Catarino Ana , Leitão Mário M. , Lima Jorge
Published: December 2024

Objective: Our primary objective was to evaluate the oncologic outcomes of patients with abnormal p53 FIGO grade 3 (high-grade) endometrioid endometrial cancer. As secondary objectives, we determined the global prevalence of abnormal p53 in grade 3 endometrioid endometrial carcinomas and the geographical variations. Methods: The following electronic databases were searched: PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science. We followed the Meta-Analysis for Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. This review was preregistered with PROSPERO (no: CRD42023495192). Bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. For time-to-event data, the effect of p53 status on grade 3 endometrial cancer was described using hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall survival and progression-free survival were analyzed using one- and two-stage approaches, the Kaplan–Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Fifty-seven studies with 2528 patients were included. Patients with abnormal p53 had an increased risk of death (HR, 1.29 (95% CI, 1.11–1.48); I2 = 88%) and disease progression (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.42–1.88; I2 = 2%) compared with patients with wildtype p53 G3 endometrial cancer. The global pooled prevalence of abnormal p53 was 30% (95% CI, 25–34%; tau2 = 0.02; I2 = 74%), with the highest prevalence being found in studies conducted in Asia (95% CI, 27–41%; tau2 = 0.01; I2 = 52%). Conclusions: Abnormal p53 grade 3 endometrioid endometrial cancer is more common in Asia, and it is associated with decreased overall survival and progression-free survival.
Cost-Effectiveness of PARP Inhibitors for Patients with BRCA1/2-Positive Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer—The Canadian Perspective
Authors: Yanev Ivan , Aprikian Armen G. , Raizenne Brendan L. , Dragomir Alice
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Through phase III clinical trials, PARP inhibitors have demonstrated outcome improvements in mCRPC patients with alterations in BRCA1/2 genes who have progressed on a second-generation androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI). While improving outcomes, PARP inhibitors contribute to the ever-growing economic burden of PCa. The objective of this project is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of PARP inhibitors (olaparib, rucaparib, or talazoparib) versus the SOC (docetaxel or androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI)) for previously progressed mCRPC patients with BRCA1/2 mutations from the Canadian healthcare system perspective. Methods: Partitioned survival models were created to represent mCRPC disease after progression until death. Survival inputs for BRCA1/2-mutated patients were extracted from the PROfound, TRITON3, and TALAPRO-1 clinical trials, while Canadian-specific costs are presented in 2023 dollars. Upon progression, patients were treated with chemotherapy. The considered time horizon was 5 years and outcomes were discounted at 1.5% per year. Results: PARP inhibitors provide an additional survival of 0.19 quality-adjusted life years (QALY) when compared to the current standard of care, with additional costs of CAD 101,679 resulting in an incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) of CAD 565,383/QALY. The results were most sensitive to PARP inhibitors’ acquisition costs and health-state utilities. PARP inhibitors required price reductions of up to 83% to meet the CAD 50,000/QALY willingness-to-pay threshold (WTP). Conclusions: While providing survival benefits to previously progressed mCRPC patients presenting deleterious BRCA1/2 gene mutations, PARP inhibitors are not cost-effective and require major price reductions to reach local WTP thresholds.
Radiosurgery for Intracranial Meningiomas: A Review of Anatomical Challenges and an Update on the Evidence
Authors: Goldman Matthew J. , Teh Bin S. , Lo Simon S. , Butler E. Brian , Baskin David S.
Published: December 2024

Radiation has been used to treat meningiomas since the mid-1970s. Traditionally, radiation was reserved for patients unfit for major surgery or those with surgically inaccessible tumors. With an increased quantity and quality of imaging, and an aging population, there has been a rise in incidentally diagnosed meningiomas with smaller tumors at diagnosis time. Deciding if, how, and when to intervene must be determined on a case-by-case basis. Anatomical location and adjacent vital structures are crucial for decision-making. Prior review articles have detailed outcomes of radiosurgery in broad anatomical regions such as the skull base, but a recent deluge of research on increasingly specific anatomical subregions deserves attention. This narrative review synthesizes information regarding specific anatomical subregions, including anatomical challenges, radiosurgical outcomes, and unique considerations. Via MEDLINE and ascendancy search, we utilized evidence available for each anatomical region and herein discuss details of published research and explore future directions. Meningioma management remains individualized based on patient comorbidities, tumor location/characteristics, symptomatic burden, and patient age. In addition to stereotactic radiosurgery’s established role for surgically inaccessible, recurrent, and high-grade meningiomas, its use as upfront management for small asymptomatic meningiomas is increasingly investigated. For all subregions reported, radiosurgical intervention resulted in high tumor control rates and acceptably low adverse radiation events.
Residual Trifluorosulfonic Acid in Amino-Functionalized Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhao Chengxiao , Li Zhaolin , Xiao Weiping
Published: December 2024

The utilization of covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) as photocatalysts has witnessed rapid advancements in the field of photocatalysis. However, the presence of residual components in certain CTFs materials is widely ignored as regards their influence on photocatalytic performance. In this study, we find that trifluorosulfonic acid (TfOH) molecules stably exist in the amino-functionalized CTF-NH2 framework, which enhance the affinity for water. The experimental results indicate that the residual TfOH elevates the VB position of CTF-NH2, facilitating the oxidization of both water and sacrificial agents. Moreover, the present of TfOH accelerates the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers to the Pt cocatalyst. Consequently, CTF-NH2-F containing residual TfOH molecules demonstrates a significant enhancement in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, achieving about 250 µmol over a duration of 3 h of illumination, which represents a 2.5-fold increase compared to that observed for CTF-NH2. This research underscores the substantial impact that residues exert on photocatalytic performance.
Nootkatone Derivative Nootkatone-(E)-2-iodobenzoyl hydrazone Promotes Megakaryocytic Differentiation in Erythroleukemia by Targeting JAK2 and Enhancing JAK2/STAT3 and PKCδ/MAPK Crosstalk
Authors: Pan Yang , Xiao Feng , Pan Chaolan , Song Hui , Zhao Peng , Chen Meijun , Huang Liejun , Yang Jue , Hao Xiaojiang
Published: December 2024

Erythroleukemia, a complex myeloproliferative disorder presenting as acute or chronic, is characterized by aberrant proliferation and differentiation of erythroid cells. Although nootkatone, a sesquiterpene derived from grapefruit peel and Alaska yellow cedar, has shown anticancer activity predominantly in solid tumors, its effects in erythroleukemia remain unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the impact of nootkatone and its derivatives on erythroleukemia. Our results demonstrate that the nootkatone derivative nootkatone-(E)-2-iodobenzoyl hydrazone (N2) significantly inhibited erythroleukemia cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. More importantly, N2 induced megakaryocytic differentiation, as evidenced by significant morphological changes, and upregulation of megakaryocytic markers CD41 and CD61. In vivo, N2 treatment led to a marked increase in platelet counts and megakaryocytic cell counts. Mechanistically, N2 activated a crosstalk between the JAK2/STAT3 and PKCδ/MAPK signaling pathways, enhancing transcriptional regulation of key factors like GATA1 and FOS. Network pharmacology and experimental validation confirmed that N2 targeted JAK2, and knockdown of JAK2 abolished N2-induced megakaryocytic differentiation, underscoring JAK2’s critical role in erythroleukemia differentiation. In conclusion, N2 shows great promise as a differentiation therapy for erythroleukemia, offering a novel approach by targeting JAK2-mediated signaling pathways to induce megakaryocytic differentiation.
Strategies to Overcome Intrinsic and Acquired Resistance to Chemoradiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: de Bakker Tycho , Maes Anouk , Dragan Tatiana , Martinive Philippe , Penninckx Sébastien , Van Gestel Dirk
Published: December 2024

Definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a cornerstone of treatment for locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC). Research is ongoing on how to improve the tumor response to treatment and limit normal tissue toxicity. A major limitation in that regard is the growing occurrence of intrinsic or acquired treatment resistance in advanced cases. In this review, we will discuss how overexpression of efflux pumps, perturbation of apoptosis-related factors, increased expression of antioxidants, glucose metabolism, metallotheionein expression, increased DNA repair, cancer stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, non-coding RNA and the tumour microenvironment contribute towards resistance of HNC to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. These mechanisms have been investigated for years and been exploited for therapeutic gain in resistant patients, paving the way to the development of new promising drugs. Since in vitro studies on resistance requires a suitable model, we will also summarize published techniques and treatment schedules that have been shown to generate acquired resistance to chemo- and/or radiotherapy that most closely mimics the clinical scenario.
Nitrogen-Doped Calcite Derived from Ca-MOFs as an Efficient Adsorbent for Sr(II) Removal from Water: The Role of Nitrogen and Calcium
Authors: Xie Xinran , Yu Guoce , Huo Jiangbo , Zhang Xinbo , Du Qing
Published: December 2024

Strontium (90Sr) is a typical radionuclide, which can act as a contaminant and poses a big problem for the eco-environment if left untreated. In this study, an original nitrogen-doped calcite (N-CaCO3) was synthesized using a solvothermal and calcination method and used to remove Sr(II) from simulated water. XRD, SEM, and XPS analyses proved that N was successfully doped into CaCO3, resulting in porous CaCO3 with a regular morphology. The specific surface area of N-CaCO3 (136.53 m2/g) can reach 2.19-fold greater than that of CaCO3. The results based on the batch adsorption data indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.9964) and the ion exchange model (R2 = 0.9859) fitted the adsorption data well. The as-synthesized N-CaCO3 exhibited better adsorption performance in regard to low concentrations of Sr(II) (below 64.5 mg/L) compared with commercial CaCO3. The structural analysis suggested that Ca and N played pivotal roles in the adsorption process and that the adsorption mechanism was dominated by ion exchange and surface complexation. This study successfully fabricated a nitrogen-doped calcite for Sr(II) cleanup, presenting an efficient strategy to modulate the microstructure of CaCO3, or other materials, to enhance its adsorption performance.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques for Post-Treatment Evaluation After External Beam Radiation Therapy of Prostate Cancer: Narrative Review
Authors: Bekou Eleni , Mulita Admir , Seimenis Ioannis , Kotini Athanasia , Courcoutsakis Nikolaos , Koukourakis Michael I. , Mulita Francesk , Karavasilis Efstratios
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of advanced techniques of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radiotherapy in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to evaluate the role of MRI in detecting BCR of PCa patients after external beam radiation therapy. Results: National guidelines do not recommend imaging techniques in clinical follow-up PCa. However, in 2021, the European Association of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR), the European Association of Urological Imaging (ESUI), and the PI-RADS Steering Committee introduced the Prostate Imaging for Recurrence Reporting (PI-RR) system. PI-RR incorporates the MRI biomarkers in the post-treatment process. In the last decade, a growing number of clinical researchers have investigated the role of various MRI techniques in BCR. Conclusions: The integration of advanced MRI technologies into clinical routine marks the beginning of a new era of BCR with accuracy.
Buried Interface Modification Using Diammonium Ligand Enhances Mechanical Durability of Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ji Xuan , Chen Xin , Dai Wanlei , Gong Yongshuai , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Lei , Ma Cheng , Yang Tinghuan , Dong Yixin , Yan Buyi , Liu Dongxue , Niu Tianqi
Published: December 2024

Flexible perovskite solar cells (F-PSCs) hold great potential for lightweight photovoltaic applications due to their flexibility, bending compatibility, and low manufacturing cost. However, tin oxide (SnO2), as a common electron transport layer (ETL) used in F-PSCs, typically suffers from high-density surface defects that hinder the charge extraction efficiency and deteriorate the crystallization quality of the upper perovskite film. Additionally, the poor buried interface quality intensifies lattice extrusion and strain residue across the perovskite films, further aggravating the mechanical brittleness in devices. To address the issues, we developed a molecular bridging strategy by introducing the 2,2′-oxybis(ethylenediamine) dihydrochloride (DO) at the perovskite/SnO2 interface. The diammonium groups of spacer ligands can achieve the bidentate anchoring on the SnO2 and perovskite films, cooperating with the oxygen atom on the alkyl chain to passivate the charged defects at the buried interface. The tailored interface properties also endow the optimized crystallization quality of perovskite films and significantly alleviate tensile strain to strengthen the perovskite’s pliability. As a result, the F-PSCs achieved a champion efficiency of 23.50%, outperforming the value of 21.87% for the control device. Furthermore, the devices exhibited excellent mechanical robustness, maintaining 90% of the initial PCE after 6000 bending cycles at a radius of 4 mm. This work presents a reliable strategy for the synergistic optimization of the buried contact at the electron extraction interface, contributing to the further development of efficient and stable F-PSCs.
Mechanism of Synergistic Corrosion and Radiation Protection of Hexamethylenetetramine and Benzotriazole for Bionic Superhydrophobic Coating on Q235 Steel
Authors: Shang Jingyu , Jiang Yongfeng , Yan Bo , Shi Baidi , Chen Bingyan , Bao Yefeng , Yang Ke
Published: December 2024

Bionic superhydrophobic coatings were prepared on Q235 steel substrates by combining hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and benzotriazole (BTA) with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), nano-silica, zinc oxide, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Three-dimensional morphology analysis revealed micro- and nanostructures in the coating. The coating’s corrosion resistance was demonstrated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed zinc oxide embedding within the micro- and nano-rough structures. The optimized bionic coating achieved a contact angle (CA) of 161.2° and a sliding angle (SA) of 2.0°. The bionic coatings demonstrated low adhesion, dynamic hydrophobicity, and self-cleaning properties when exposed to various liquids and contaminants. The corrosion inhibition mechanism of BTA and HMTA in superhydrophobic coatings involves a synergistic combination of chemisorption, complexation, and physical barrier effects. This MTMS-SiO2-ZnO-PDMS-HMTA-BTA coating demonstrated the highest protection efficiency among the tested formulations. The optimized coating achieved a protection efficiency of 92.12%. Additionally, the bionic coating demonstrated effective UV resistance, maintaining a contact angle of 153.7° after 120 h of UV exposure.