bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real world data as a key element in precision medicine for lymphoid malignancies: potentials and pitfalls
Authors: El‐Galaly Tarec C. , Cheah Chan Y. , Villa Diego
Published: May 2019

Molecular genetic studies of lymphoma have led to refinements in disease classification in the most recent World Health Organization update. Nevertheless, a ‘one‐size‐fits‐most’ treatment strategy based on morphology remains widely used for lymphoma despite significant molecular heterogeneity within histopathologically‐defined subtypes. Precision medicine aims to improve patient outcomes by leveraging disease‐ and patient‐specific information to optimise treatment strategies, but implementation of precision medicine strategies is challenged by the biological diversity and rarity of lymphomas. In this review, we explore existing and emerging real‐world data sources that can be used to facilitate the development of precision medicine strategies in lymphoma. We provide illustrative examples of the use of real‐world analyses to refine treatment strategies, provide comparators for clinical trials, improve risk‐stratification to identify patients with unmet clinical needs and describe long‐term and rare toxicities.
Empirical evidence of the impact of lesson study on students’ achievement, teachers’ professional learning and on institutional and system evolution
Authors: Dudley Peter , Xu Haiyan , Vermunt Jan D. , Lang Jean
Published: May 2019

In this article we review the evidence of the impact of lesson study on student learning, teacher development, teaching materials, curriculum, professional learning and system enhancement. We argue for lesson study to be treated holistically as a vehicle for development and improvement at classroom, school and system levels rather than as a curricular or pedagogical intervention. We illustrate the need for this approach to evaluating lesson study through a complex case exemplar which used Research Lesson Study (a form of lesson study popular in the UK and Europe) to develop learning, teaching, curriculum and local improvement capacity across schools initially involved in a two‐year mathematics curriculum development project that later evolved into three self‐sustaining, voluntary lesson study school hubs in London. We discuss resulting changes in culture, practice, belief, expectation and student learning. We argue as a result for greater policy level understanding of this expanded conception of lesson study as a vehicle in classroom, school and system transformation.
From “chalk and talk” to “guide on the side”: A cross‐cultural analysis of pedagogy that drives customised teaching for personalised learning
Authors: Sarkar Arani Mohammad Reza , Lander Bruce , Shibata Yoshiaki , Kim‐Eng Lee Christine , Kuno Hiroyuki , Lau Andrew
Published: May 2019

This study analyses the teaching scripts and structure of lesson practices of a Singaporean English teacher at two different levels of class through a comparative analysis. Specifically, it aims to clarify how his view of teaching as tacit knowledge determines the structure of the lessons. The emphasis here is on the examination of a Singaporean's teacher's view and his awareness of the students and their teaching materials at hand through the lens of Japan‐based educators and the implications for education policy.
Commons as possessions: The path to protection of the commons in the ECHR system
Authors: Mattei Ugo , Albanese Rocco Alessio , Fisher Ryan J.
Published: May 2019

The ‘commons’ is not mentioned in the texts of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) or Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 (P‐1). This essay argues that ‘possessions’ — which does appear in the latter — should be interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) to protect commons against national governments' undue interferences. The argument comprises two parts. First, we analyse the polysemic term ‘possessions’ to show how the current understanding of this category is marred by flawed assumptions and by false dichotomies. Then, we propose an ‘ecological’ construction of legal relationships between subjects and objects. We find support in the ECtHR case law on Article 8. We argue this approach should be extended to Article 1 P‐1: once disentangled from possessive individualism and market paradigms, ‘possessions’ encompass the commons and the category offers a solid legal basis toward the justiciability in Strasbourg of privatisations.
Intervertebral disc disease of the cervical and cranial thoracic vertebrae in equidae: eight cases
Authors: Dyson S. , Busoni V. , Salciccia A.
Published: May 2019

Intervertebral disc disease in the cervical and cranial thoracic vertebrae is unusual in horses and the majority of documented cases have been associated with infection and resulted in ataxia. The current retrospective study documents the clinical and imaging features, and outcome in eight Equidae with neck stiffness ± forelimb lameness (n = 3) or ataxia (n = 2) assessed during a 10‐year period at two clinics. The Equidae (one donkey and seven horses) ranged in age from 1.5 to 12 years (median 5.5 years). The duration of clinical signs ranged from 1 to 6 months (median 1.5 months). The donkey had a depressed demeanour. All Equidae had reduced range of neck movement. The donkey and one horse showed mild and severe ataxia respectively. Two horses showed a propensity to stumble on each forelimb, one of which exhibited forelimb lameness on the lunge or ridden. Two additional horses showed lameness in hand. One horse experienced ‘neck locking’ during grazing. Radiological abnormalities were identified involving the intervertebral symphysis between the sixth cervical vertebra (C6) and C7 in four Equidae; in two horses the articulation between C7 and the first thoracic vertebra (T1) was involved. One horse had abnormalities of the intervertebral symphyses of both C7 and T1, and T1 and T2. In one horse the articulation between C2 and 3 was affected. The donkey was treated with a prolonged course of doxycycline and improved. An advanced dressage horse returned to full‐function after surgical fusion of the affected intervertebral symphysis. Intervertebral disc disease is a rare cause of neck stiffness ± lameness or ataxia.
Estimation of Anisotropic, Time‐Varying Spatial Spillovers of Fine Particulate Matter Due to Wind Direction
Authors: Merk Miryam S. , Otto Philipp
Published: May 2019

This paper investigates the effect of daily wind direction and speed on the spatio‐temporal distribution of particulate matter, . Interdependencies between the values of different monitoring sites are characterized by incorporating time‐varying anisotropic spatial weighting matrices. These weights are parameterized with respect to wind direction, speed and a range that marks the bandwidth of admissible deviations between wind direction and bearing. The empirical analysis is based on daily values recorded by monitoring sites located across the eastern United States in 2015 as well as several meteorological regressors. More precisely, we propose a space‐time dynamic panel data model with different spatial autoregressive, temporal and exogenous dependencies. All model parameters are estimated by the quasi‐maximum likelihood approach. The estimation procedure, including the identification of the range and spatial parameters, is verified by Monte Carlo simulations. We show that part of the spatial dependency of values is explained by wind direction.
Evaluation of dynamic modulus measurement for C/C‐SiC composites at different temperatures
Authors: Hönig Sandrine , Koch Dietmar , Weber Steffen , Etzold Simon , Tonnesen Thorsten , Telle Rainer , Traon Nicolas
Published: May 2019

The determination of elastic properties at application temperature is fundamental for the design of fibre reinforced ceramic composite components. An attractive method to characterize the flexural modulus at room and high temperature under specific atmosphere is the nondestructive Resonant Frequency Damping Analysis (RFDA). The objective of this paper was to evaluate and validate the modulus measurement via RFDA for orthotropic C/C‐SiC composites at the application temperature. At room temperature flexural moduli of C/C‐SiC with 0/90° reinforcement were measured under quasi‐static 4‐point bending loads and compared with dynamic moduli measured via RFDA longitudinally to fibre direction. The dynamic modulus of C/C‐SiC was then measured via RFDA up to 1250°C under flowing inert gas and showed an increase with temperature which fitted with literature values. The measured fundamental frequencies were finally compared to those resulting from numerical modal analyses. Dynamic and quasi‐static flexural moduli are comparable and the numerical analyses proved that bending modes are correctly modeled by means of dynamic modulus measured via RFDA. The nondestructive RFDA as well as the numerical modeling approach are suitable for evaluation of C/C‐SiC and may be transferred to other fibre reinforced ceramic composite materials.
Forensic Science in “Crisis”, Needs Funding for Research
Authors: Tarran Brian
Published: May 2019

UK House of Lords calls for investment in research and development, to be overseen by a new national institute for forensic science
Data Shadows
Authors: Andrews RJ
Published: May 2019

What does a James Brown album have to teach us about data storytelling? RJ Andrews shares three lessons, adapted from his book, Info We Trust
On the Rise: Women Voters in India
Authors: Roy Prannoy , Sopariwala Dorab R.
Published: May 2019

Women voters have shown increased participation and influence in India's elections since the first Lok Sabha – the lower house of parliament – was elected in the 1950s. Journalist Prannoy Roy and pollster Dorab R. Sopariwala explain the changes and the effects they are having on the country's democracy
Warm‐white light performance of Dy3+, Eu3+: NaLa(WO4)2 phosphors excited with a 450‐nm LED
Authors: Wu Yonghua , Yang Fugui , Yan Fengpo
Published: May 2019

Dy3+, Eu3+: NaLa(WO4)2 phosphors are successfully synthesized through the solid‐state reaction technique. The phase‐structure and morphology are measured via X‐ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometry. The concentrations of Dy3+, Eu3+, La3+, and W6+ are measured via ICP. The absorption and excited spectra are presented, which indicate that a blue band ranging from 430 to 480 nm is suitable for excitation. Using a commercial blue LED with a wavelength of 450 nm as the excitation light source, emission spectra for samples with varying dopant concentration ratios of Dy3+ to Eu3+ are obtained, which show good tunable yellow and red emission. For the purpose of investigating white LED performance, CIE spectra and a white light photo are also presented. The results reveal that varying the dopant concentration ratio of Dy3+ to Eu3+ plays a key role in the warm‐white performance. With increasing concentration of Eu3+, the correlated color temperature decreases from 4069 to 3172 K, which indicates good warm‐white performance.
Youth versus femininity: What are we truly trying to achieve?
Authors: Fabi Sabrina Guillen , Willett Matthew
Published: May 2019

The desire for a more youthful appearance is that for which men and women often present for consideration of aesthetic interventions. For the female patient who is contemplating facial cosmetic enhancement, a true myriad of possible treatments exist. These options include neuromodulators, light‐based therapies, and soft tissue fillers, and are often touted as restoring a more “youthful” appearance to an otherwise aged‐appearing face. Perhaps it is not only youth that is being restored, but femininity, which in turn is appraised as being more beautiful.
Uterine fibroid management: Today and tomorrow
Authors: Dolmans Marie‐Madeleine , Donnez Jacques , Fellah Latifa
Published: May 2019

Current treatments for fibroids are mainly surgical and expensive, so alternatives need to be found. It is, therefore, vital to develop and evaluate alternatives to surgical procedures, especially when fertility preservation is the goal. Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) are synthetic compounds that have either an agonistic or antagonistic impact on target tissues determined by their binding to progesterone receptors. Their mixed activity depends on recruitment of cofactors that regulate transcription along so‐called genomic pathways, as well as nongenomic interactions with other signaling pathways. There is no doubt that surgery remains indicated in some instances, but we must now establish whether use of SPRMs (notably ulipristal acetate) allows less invasive surgery or even complete avoidance of surgery. Long‐term intermittent administration of ulipristal acetate will undoubtedly change our approach to the management of uterine fibroids according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics classification, which provides a comprehensive basis for different treatment options. When considering less invasive techniques (uterus‐sparing options like myomectomy), the choice is guided by the size, number and location of fibroids, as well as the personal experience of the gynecologist and available equipment. There is now a growing body of evidence pointing to the crucial role of progesterone pathways in the pathophysiology of uterine fibroids. SPRMs should, therefore, be considered an alternative to surgical therapy, or at least an adjunct to surgery, as illustrated in the algorithms. © 2019 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Effects of dietary supplementation with betaine on muscle growth, muscle amino acid contents and meat quality in Cherry Valley ducks
Authors: Chen Rui , Wen Chao , Cheng Yefei , Chen Yueping , Zhuang Su , Zhou Yanmin
Published: May 2019

The effects of dietary betaine supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, muscle amino acid contents, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, myogenic gene expression and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway in Cherry Valley ducks were evaluated. A total of 720 1‐day‐old Cherry Valley ducks were randomly distributed into four groups with six replicates of 30 birds for a 42‐day feeding trial. Ducks were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 250, 500 or 1,000 mg/kg betaine, respectively. Growth performance was not affected by betaine. Incremental levels of betaine linearly (p < 0.05) increased the breast muscle yield and linearly (p < 0.05) decreased the subcutaneous fat thickness and the abdominal fat yield. The contents of methionine, serine, glycine, glutamate and total non‐essential amino acid in breast muscle were linearly (p < 0.05) increased by betaine supplementation. With increasing betaine levels, the drip loss and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were linearly (p < 0.05) decreased, and the redness of meat (linear p < 0.05), the activities of catalase (CAT) (linear p < 0.05) and total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) (linear p < 0.05, quadratic p < 0.05) were increased. Moreover, the myogenic differentiation factor 1 (MyoD1) mRNA expression and the mTOR mRNA expression and protein phosporylation were linearly (p < 0.05) up‐regulated, and the myostatin (MSTN) mRNA expression was linearly (p < 0.05) down‐regulated by betaine supplementation. Overall, this study indicated that betaine supplementation did not affect the growth performance of Cherry Valley ducks, but could linearly increase some amino acid contents in breast muscle, especially glycine, and increase muscle antioxidant activity to improve meat quality. Moreover, betaine supplementation could improve the breast muscle yield by increasing MyoD1 mRNA expression, decreasing MSTN mRNA expression and regulating mTOR signalling pathway.
Accuracy of Area Model and Number Line Representations of Fractions for Students with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Morano Stephanie , Riccomini Paul J. , Lee Joo‐Young
Published: May 2019

Assessment results are used to investigate relations between performance on a fraction number line estimation task and a circular area model estimation task for students with LD in Grades 6–8. Results indicate that students’ abilities to represent fractions on number lines and on circular area models are distinct skills. In addition, accurate fraction magnitude estimation using number lines was more strongly related to other fractions skills (e.g., fraction magnitude comparison) than accurate fraction magnitude estimation using circular area models. Our findings call for greater integration of the number line into early fractions instruction, and highlight the importance of explicitly teaching students to make connections between different visual representations of fractions. Implications for research and practice are presented.
World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: What participants perceive as important
Authors: Brailo Vlaho , McKnight Patrick , Kerr Alexander R. , Lodi Giovanni , Lockhart Peter B.
Published: May 2019

Our objective was to identify which aspects of World Workshop on Oral Medicine (WWOM) participation were perceived as significant for participants’ professional development. Online survey was sent to previous WWOM participants. Qualitative analysis of participants’ responses to an open‐ended question was performed. Fifty‐two WWOM participants responded. Nearly three quarters of respondents (72.3%) felt that participation in the WWOM helped their career. A high percentage of respondents (67.3%) provided answers that fell under the domains of international collaboration, followed by personal academic benefits (48%). Overall, the results indicate that WWOM participation played an important role in individual's professional development. We identified aspects of WWOM involvement that the participants perceived as important. This information will be used for the development of an objective instrument for measuring impact of WWOM on participant's professional path.
Brazilian legal framework on shellfish safety and its effects on the growth of shellfish farming and commerce
Authors: Lafisca Andrea , de Fátima Marques de Mesquita Eliana , Vieira‐da‐Motta Olney
Published: May 2019

Shellfish are among the most at‐risk foods of the occidental culture, requiring special control along all the production chain to provide safe products to the population. Codex Alimentarius regulations offer orientations to the control and guarantee of shellfish safety, but the practical application of their indications shall be hampered at the local level by several elements: political, logistic and geographic, as examples. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the Brazilian legislative framework on shellfish safety in comparison to those proposed by other trading blocs, mainly the European Community and the USA. Our analysis points out how the simple application of international guidelines on shellfish safety designed for non‐tropical areas, the lack of political interest, and scientific orientation, and the concentration of reference laboratories in the extreme south of Brazil, hamper the development of safe and legal shellfish farming and commerce in the rest of the country.
CD21−/low B cells associate with joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Thorarinsdottir Katrin , Camponeschi Alessandro , Jonsson Charlotte , Granhagen Önnheim Karin , Nilsson Jenny , Forslind Kristina , Visentini Marcella , Jacobsson Lennart , Mårtensson Inga‐Lill , Gjertsson Inger
Published: May 2019

Depletion of B cells is beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPA) and/or the Fc portion of immunoglobulins (rheumatoid factor [RF]), suggesting a role for B cells in disease pathogenesis. To date, however, the identity of specifically pathogenic B cell subsets has not been discovered. One candidate population is identified by the low expression or absence of complement receptor 2 (CD21−/low B cells). In this study, we sought to determine whether there was any correlation between CD21−/low B cells and clinical outcome in patients with established RA, either ACPA+/RF+ (n = 27) or ACPA−/RF− (n = 10). Healthy donors (n = 17) were included as controls. The proportion of the CD21−/low CD27−IgD− memory B cell subset in peripheral blood (PB) was significantly increased in ACPA+/RF+ RA patients compared with healthy donors, and the frequency of this subset correlated with joint destruction (r = 0.57, P < 0.04). The levels of the chemokines CXCL‐9 and CXCL‐10 were higher in synovial fluid than in plasma, and PB CD21−/low cells expressed the receptor, CXCR3. In synovial fluid, most of the B cells were CD21−/low, approximately 40% of that population was CD27−IgD−, and a third of those expressed the pro‐osteoclastogenic factor receptor activator of the nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). This subset also secreted RANKL, in addition to other factors such as IL‐6, even in the absence of stimulation. We interpret these data as reason to propose the hypothesis that the CD27−IgD− subset of CD21−/low B cells may mediate joint destruction in patients with ACPA+/RF+ RA.
Mining spatial associations between daily activities and health using EMA–GPS data
Authors: Dao Thi Hong Diep , Ravesloot Craig , Greiman Lillie , Hargrove Tannis
Published: May 2019

The geographical explicit ecological momentary assessment (GEMA) data collection platform provides extremely rich geospatial datasets and is very promising to gain behavior insights linking mobility, activities, and health. However, the task of analyzing these large datasets effectively is not straightforward, because they often involve a large multivariable dimension and rich qualitative data formats. Responding to the call for innovative analytic approaches in GIScience, this article advocates the use of spatial association rule mining (SARM) to extract frequent associations among daily activities, daily mobility, and health, including both physical health (e.g. pain) and mental health (e.g. happiness). This inductive mining approach works robustly with large datasets and is suitable for both qualitative and quantitative studies. A novel visualization technique to analyze the mined rules is also developed and presented.
Early listeriosis after liver transplantation: Report of two cases
Authors: Piette Estelle , Vandermeulen Morgan , Meurisse Nicolas , Schielke Astrid , Meuris Christelle , Honoré Pierre , Detry Olivier
Published: May 2019

Listeria monocytogenes is a rare cause of potentially lethal infection and sepsis in transplant recipients. Listeriosis is usually described after kidney or bone marrow transplant, and has been less frequently reported after liver transplantation. Here, the authors present two cases of severe Listeria infection occurring within 4 months after complicated liver transplantation in patients still recovering on the ward. The patients were successfully treated by intravenous ampicillin. These cases should remind transplant physicians that listeriosis may develop in liver transplant recipients, that food safety advice should be provided, and that intravenous ampicillin might be an effective treatment for systemic listeriosis in solid organ recipients. It is likely that trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis might help prevent early listeriosis after solid organ transplantation.
Effects of Collagen Heterogeneity on Myocardial Infarct Mechanics in a Multiscale Fiber Network Model
Authors: Korenczuk Christopher E. , Barocas Victor H. , Richardson William J.
Published: May 2019

The scar that forms after a myocardial infarction is often characterized by a highly disordered architecture but generally exhibits some degree of collagen fiber orientation, with a resulting mechanical anisotropy. When viewed in finer detail, however, the heterogeneity of the sample is clear, with different subregions exhibiting different fiber orientations. In this work, we used a multiscale finite element model to explore the consequences of the heterogeneity in terms of mechanical behavior. To do so, we used previously obtained fiber alignment maps of rat myocardial scar slices (n = 15) to generate scar-specific finite element meshes that were populated with fiber models based on the local alignment state. These models were then compared to isotropic models with the same sample shape and fiber density, and to homogeneous models with the same sample shape, fiber density, and average fiber alignment as the scar-specific models. All simulations involved equibiaxial extension of the sample with free motion in the third dimension. We found that heterogeneity led to a lower degree of mechanical anisotropy and a higher level of local stress concentration than the corresponding homogeneous model, and also that fibers failed in the heterogeneous model at much lower macroscopic strains than in the isotropic and homogeneous models. Taken together, these results suggest that scar heterogeneity may impair myocardial mechanical function both in terms of anisotropy and strength, and that individual variations in scar heterogeneity could be an important consideration for understanding scar remodeling and designing therapeutic interventions for patients after myocardial infarction.
The Impact of Hemodynamic Reflex Compensation Following Myocardial Infarction on Subsequent Ventricular Remodeling
Authors: Witzenburg Colleen M. , Holmes Jeffrey W.
Published: May 2019

Patients who survive a myocardial infarction (MI) are at high risk for ventricular dilation and heart failure. While infarct size is an important determinant of post-MI remodeling, different patients with the same size infarct often display different levels of left ventricular (LV) dilation. The acute physiologic response to MI involves reflex compensation, whereby increases in heart rate (HR), arterial resistance, venoconstriction, and contractility of the surviving myocardium act to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP). We hypothesized that variability in reflex compensation might underlie some of the reported variability in post-MI remodeling, a hypothesis that is difficult to test using experimental data alone because some reflex responses are difficult or impossible to measure directly. We, therefore, employed a computational model to estimate the balance of compensatory mechanisms from experimentally reported hemodynamic data. We found a strikingly wide range of compensatory reflex profiles in response to MI in dogs and verified that pharmacologic blockade of sympathetic and parasympathetic reflexes nearly abolished this variability. Then, using a previously published model of postinfarction remodeling, we showed that observed variability in compensation translated to variability in predicted LV dilation consistent with published data. Treatment with a vasodilator shifted the compensatory response away from arterial and venous vasoconstriction and toward increased HR and myocardial contractility. Importantly, this shift reduced predicted dilation, a prediction that matched prior experimental studies. Thus, postinfarction reflex compensation could represent both a source of individual variability in the extent of LV remodeling and a target for therapies aimed at reducing that remodeling.
The Effects of Personalized Versus Generic Scaling of Body Segment Masses on Joint Torques During Stationary Wheelchair Racing
Authors: Lewis Amy R. , Robertson William S. P. , Phillips Elissa J. , Grimshaw Paul N. , Portus Marc
Published: May 2019

The anthropometries of elite wheelchair racing athletes differ from the generic, able-bodied anthropometries commonly used in computational biomechanical simulations. The impact of using able-bodied parameters on the accuracy of simulations involving wheelchair racing is currently unknown. In this study, athlete-specific mass segment inertial parameters of the head and neck, torso, upper arm, forearm, hand, thigh, shank, and feet for five elite wheelchair athletes were calculated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. These were compared against commonly used anthropometrics parameters of data presented in the literature. A computational biomechanical simulation of wheelchair propulsion using the upper extremity dynamic model in opensim assessed the sensitivity of athlete-specific mass parameters using Kruskal–Wallis analysis and Spearman correlations. Substantial between-athlete body mass distribution variances (thigh mass between 7.8% and 22.4% total body mass) and between-limb asymmetries (<62.4% segment mass; 3.1 kg) were observed. Compared to nonathletic able-bodied anthropometric data, wheelchair racing athletes demonstrated greater mass in the upper extremities (up to 3.8% total body mass) and less in the lower extremities (up to 9.8% total body mass). Computational simulations were sensitive to individual body mass distribution, with joint torques increasing by up to 31.5% when the scaling of segment masses (measured or generic) differed by up to 2.3% total body mass. These data suggest that nonathletic, able-bodied mass segment inertial parameters are inappropriate for analyzing elite wheelchair racing motion.
Indirect boundary element method combining extra fundamental solutions for solving exterior acoustic problems with fictitious frequencies
Authors: Lee Jia-Wei , Chen Jeng-Tzong , Nien Chi-Feng
Published: May 2019

The authors propose an alternative approach to solve the problem of fictitious frequencies. It is different from the mixed potential approach in the indirect method as well as the Burton and Miller approach in the direct boundary element method (BEM). The authors add some fundamental solutions with unknown strength in the solution representation to complete the solution space. From the viewpoint of the adding source, the present idea is similar to the combined Helmholtz interior integral equation formulation (CHIEF) method. The difference between the added source point and null-field point of CHIEF is their role. The former supplies the deficient basis due to the fictitious frequency while the latter provides the extra constraint equation. It can be alternatively found by adding the right unitary vectors of zero singular value. The bordered matrix is invertible for the fictitious frequency if the extra source points do not locate at the failure position. This is the reason why the property is analogous to the CHIEF method in the direct BEM. Therefore, it can fill in the blank area of why there is no CHIEF method in the indirect method. The authors also analytically derive the locations of possible failure source points by using the degenerate kernel.
Influence of structure on the linear response rheology of colloidal gels
Authors: Johnson Lilian C. , Zia Roseanna N. , Moghimi Esmaeel , Petekidis George
Published: May 2019

We study the linear response rheology, structure, and dynamics of colloidal gels formed by arrested phase separation with a combination of experiments and dynamic simulation, with a view toward understanding the influence of bond strength, volume fraction, and network morphology on the viscoelastic moduli. A rescaling of the data to remove the direct, equilibrium hydrodynamic, and entropic effects enables a direct comparison of experiment and simulation; the strong agreement shows that attractive forces and Brownian motion dominate relaxation, where hydrodynamic interactions play a simpler role that can be scaled out. Morphology transitions from thick, blobby strands with large solvent pores to particle-size solvent pores surrounded by concave surfaces when volume fraction increases. Unsurprisingly, generalized Stokes–Einstein relations make a poor predictor of rheology from particle dynamics. Models that connect bond dynamics to elasticity or that connect cluster dynamics to elasticity show better agreement. Prediction of age-stiffening requires a model that includes the effects of age-coarsening; surprisingly, age-stiffening is set primarily at high frequency by the dominant network length scale. A Rouse-like theory that connects dominant network length scale to elasticity provides good predictions for all volume fractions and ages, although there is an interplay between volume fraction and structural length scales. The linear viscoelastic response of the experimental system is thus well represented in a simpler computational model in which wall effects, hydrodynamics, explicit depletant molecules, and rejuvenation were neglected, suggesting that the connections between morphology, dynamics, and rheology are encoded primarily by volume fraction, attraction strength, Brownian motion, and age.
Calorie-Containing Recovery Drinks Increase Recreational Runners’ Voluntary Energy and Carbohydrate Intake, with Minimal Impact on Fluid Recovery
Authors: Desbrow Ben , Barnes Katelyn , Cox Gregory R. , Iudakhina Elizaveta , McCartney Danielle , Skepper Sierra , Young Caroline , Irwin Chris
Published: May 2019

This study assessed voluntary dietary intake when different beverages were provided within a recovery area following recreational exercise. Participants completed two 10-km runs 1 week apart. Immediately after the first run, “beer drinkers” (n = 54; mean ± SD: age = 23.9 ± 5.8 years, body mass [BM] = 76 ± 13 kg) randomly received low-alcohol beer (Hahn Ultra® [Lion Co.], 0.9% alcohol by volume) or sports drink (SD; Gatorade® [PepsiCo]), whereas “nonbeer drinkers” (n = 78; age = 21.8 ± 2.2 years, BM = 71 ± 13 kg) received water or SD. Participants remained in a recovery area for 30–60 min with fluid consumption monitored. The following week, participants received the alternate beverage. Participants recorded all food/fluid consumed for the remainder of both trial days (diary and photographs). Fluid balance was assessed via BM change and urine specific gravity. Paired t tests were used to assess differences in hydration and dietary variables. No differences were observed in preexercise urine specific gravity (∼1.01) or BM loss (∼2%) between intervention groups (ps > .05). Water versus SD: No difference in acute fluid intake was noted (water = 751 ± 259 ml, SD = 805 ± 308 ml, p = .157). SD availability influenced total energy and carbohydrate intakes (water = 5.7 ± 2.5 MJ and 151 ± 77 g, SD = 6.5 ± 2.7 MJ and 187 ± 87 g, energy p = .002, carbohydrate p < .001). SD versus beer: SD availability resulted in greater acute fluid intake (SD = 1,047 ± 393 ml, beer = 850 ± 630 ml; p = .004), which remained evident at the end of trial days (SD = 3,337 ± 1,100 ml, beer = 2,982 ± 1,191 ml; p < .01). No differences in dietary variables were observed. Next day, urine specific gravity values were not different between water versus SD. However, a small difference was detected between SD versus beer (SD = 1.021 ± 0.009, beer = 1.016 ± 0.008, p = .002). Consuming calorie-containing drinks postexercise appears to increase daily energy and carbohydrate intake but has minimal impact on next-day hydration.
Sustained correction of associative learning deficits after brief, early treatment in a rat model of Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Asiminas Antonis , Jackson Adam D. , Louros Susana R. , Till Sally M. , Spano Teresa , Dando Owen , Bear Mark F. , Chattarji Sumantra , Hardingham Giles E. , Osterweil Emily K. , Wyllie David J. A. , Wood Emma R. , Kind Peter C.
Published: May 2019

Brief, early treatments with lovastatin provide long-lasting rescue of associative memory deficits in a rat model of Fragile X.
Safe targeting of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by pathology-specific NOTCH inhibition
Authors: Habets Roger A. , de Bock Charles E. , Serneels Lutgarde , Lodewijckx Inge , Verbeke Delphine , Nittner David , Narlawar Rajeshwar , Demeyer Sofie , Dooley James , Liston Adrian , Taghon Tom , Cools Jan , de Strooper Bart
Published: May 2019

Selective inhibition of γ-secretase complexes targets T-ALL without the dose-limiting side effects of complete γ-secretase inhibition.
Reprogrammed marrow adipocytes contribute to myeloma-induced bone disease
Authors: Liu Huan , He Jin , Koh Su Pin , Zhong Yuping , Liu Zhiqiang , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Yujin , Li Zongwei , Tam Bjorn T. , Lin Pei , Xiao Min , Young Ken H. , Amini Behrang , Starbuck Michael W. , Lee Hans C. , Navone Nora M. , Davis Richard E. , Tong Qiang , Bergsagel P. Leif , Hou Jian , Yi Qing , Orlowski Robert Z. , Gagel Robert F. , Yang Jing
Published: May 2019

Marrow adipocytes reprogrammed by myeloma cells induce bone lesions.
PARP inhibitors need an extra STING for therapeutic efficacy
Authors: Jeyasekharan Anand D.
Published: May 2019

PARP inhibitors require the recruitment of CD8
+
T cells through STING-cGAS signaling to maximize tumor regression.
Genome Sequences of Bacillus sporothermodurans Strains Isolated from Ultra-High-Temperature Milk
Authors: Owusu-Darko Rodney , Allam Mushal , de Oliveira Sílvia D. , Ferreira Carlos A. S. , Grover Sunita , Mtshali Senzo , Ismail Arshad , Mallappa Rashmi H. , Tabit Frederick , Buys Elna M.
Published: May 2019

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of 3
Bacillus sporothermodurans
strains isolated from ultra-high-temperature milk products in South Africa and Brazil and the type strain MB 581 (DSM 10599). The genomes will provide valuable information on the molecular dynamics of heat resistance in
B
.
Isolated primary maxillary sinus esthesioneuroblastoma presenting as idiopathic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
Authors: Wong Eugene , Choroomi Siamak , Palme Carsten E , Singh Narinder Pal
Published: May 2019

Esthesioneuroblastoma is an uncommon tumour, and isolated primary involvement of the maxillary sinus is exceedingly rare. Esthesioneuroblastoma has infrequently been reported as a source of paraneoplastic ectopic hormone production. We report a case of isolated primary maxillary esthesioneuroblastoma, presenting as idiopathic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). A 17-year-old girl presented with symptoms consistent with SIADH and no sino-nasal symptoms. MRI to exclude pituitary tumour revealed an isolated lesion of the right maxillary sinus. Biopsy demonstrated esthesioneuroblastoma. The lesion was removed endoscopically as a single en bloc specimen. Following resection, the sodium level returned to normal. This is only the third report in the literature of a primary maxillary esthesioneuroblastoma presenting as SIADH.
Permanent central diabetes insipidus after mild head injury
Authors: Karakilic Ersen , Ahci Serhat
Published: May 2019

We report a case of a patient with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) who was diagnosed with permanent central diabetes insipidus (DI). A 21-year-old man was admitted to our outpatient clinic with polyuria and polydipsia 1 week after a mild head injury. He was well, except for these complaints. The initial laboratory workup was consistent with DI. There was no abnormality with other laboratory and hormone values. MRI showed lack of neurohypophyseal hyperintensity with no other abnormal findings. The patient responded well to desmopressin therapy. At the first year of the diagnosis, the patient still needed to use desmopressin treatment as we concluded that DI is permanent. DI is not uncommon after TBI, but it is often seen after severe TBI. We present here an extraordinary case of developing permanent DI after mild TBI with the absence of neurohypophyseal bright spot on MRI with no other abnormal findings.
Atypical presentation of necrotising autoimmune myopathy
Authors: Ajiboye Oyintayo , Manesh Michelle , Asmi Nisar , Mba Benjamin
Published: May 2019

Necrotising autoimmune myopathy (NAM) is characterised by a common phenotype of profound symmetrical proximal muscle weakness, elevated creatine kinase levels, irritable myopathy on electromyography and histological findings of myocyte necrosis and regeneration without remarkable inflammation. NAM is associated with autoimmune antibodies including anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme receptor, which is strongly associated with statin use. We report a case of statin-associated NAM with an atypical presentation of severe oropharyngeal dysphagia and no remarkable proximal muscle weakness at initial presentation but with rapid progression to severe quadriparesis in weeks. This case expands the spectrum of presentation patterns of this rare disease and highlights the need for a high index of suspicion in patients with a remote history of statin use.
Dextrocardia with pulmonary hypoplasia: an unusual cause of unilateral lung white-out
Authors: Biswas Sagnik , Ray Animesh
Published: May 2019

Pulmonary agenesis is a rare developmental disorder with many syndromic associations. Type III agenesis presents with variable amounts of bronchial tree, pulmonary parenchyma and supporting vasculature. It is also reported to be associated with dextrocardia due to shifting of the heart to occupy the space left by the underdeveloped lung, which occurs as early as the fourth week of gestation. Right lung agenesis is considered rarer than its left-sided counterpart and also has a poorer prognosis due to increased chances of respiratory infections. We report a case of isolated right-sided lung hypoplasia with dextrocardia without situs inversus or heterotaxy.
Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses slow myopia progression: a 2-year randomised clinical trial
Authors: Lam Carly Siu Yin , Tang Wing Chun , Tse Dennis Yan-yin , Lee Roger Pak Kin , Chun Rachel Ka Man , Hasegawa Keigo , Qi Hua , Hatanaka Takashi , To Chi Ho
Published: May 2019

Aim

To determine if ‘Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments’ (DIMS) spectacle lenses slow childhood myopia progression.

Methods

A 2-year double-masked randomised controlled trial was carried out in 183 Chinese children aged 8–13 years, with myopia between −1.00 and −5.00 D and astigmatism ≤1.50 D. Children were randomly assigned to wear DIMS (n=93) or single vision (SV) spectacle lenses (n=90). DIMS lens incorporated multiple segments with myopic defocus of +3.50 D. Refractive error (cycloplegic autorefraction) and axial length were measured at 6month intervals.

Results

160 children completed the study, n=79 in the DIMS group and n=81 in the SV group. Average (SE) myopic progressions over 2 years were −0.41±0.06 D in the DIMS group and −0.85±0.08 D in the SV group. Mean (SE) axial elongation was 0.21±0.02 mm and 0.55±0.02 mm in the DIMS and SV groups, respectively. Myopia progressed 52% more slowly for children in the DIMS group compared with those in the SV group (mean difference −0.44±0.09 D, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.37, p<0.0001). Likewise, children in the DIMS group had less axial elongation by 62% than those in the SV group (mean difference 0.34±0.04 mm, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.37, p<0.0001). 21.5% children who wore DIMS lenses had no myopia progression over 2 years, but only 7.4% for those who wore SV lenses.

Conclusions

Daily wear of the DIMS lens significantly retarded myopia progression and axial elongation in myopic children. Our results demonstrated simultaneous clear vision with constant myopic defocus can slow myopia progression.

Trial registration number

NCT02206217.
The efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for patients with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Tian Lingyun , Zhang Ying , Li Li , Wu Ying , Li Yinglan
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease. It has adverse effects on patients’ physical health, mental well-being and quality of life. The purpose of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) is to raise non-judgemental awareness and attention to current internal and external experiences. This means the attention is shifted from perceived and involuntary inner activities to current experience, keeping more curious, open and accepting attitudes towards current experience. Although some studies on the intervention effect of MBIs in patients with COPD have been conducted, the results are controversial, especially on dyspnoea, level of mindfulness and quality of life. Therefore, a systematic review of MBIs in patients with COPD is required to provide available evidence for further study.

Methods and analysis

In this study, different studies from various databases will be involved. Randomised controlled trials(RCTs)/quantitative studies, qualitative studies and case studies on the effect of MBIs in patients with COPD aged over 18 years will be included. We will search the literature in the databases of PubMed, Excepta Medica Base (EMBASE), Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI). The primary outcomes will include efficacy of MBIs for patients with COPD in terms of dyspnoea, depression and anxiety. The secondary outcomes will include efficacy of MBIs in terms of quality of life, mindful awareness, 6-minute walk test(6MWT) and nutritional risk index. Data extraction will be conducted by two researchers independently, and risk of bias of the meta-analysis will be evaluated based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. All data analysis will be conducted by data statistics software Review Manager V.5.3. and Stata V.12.0.

Ethics and dissemination

Since this study is a systematic review, the findings are based on the published evidence. Therefore, examination and agreement by the ethics committee are not required in this study. We intend to publish the study results in a journal or conference presentations.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018102323.
Auricular points acupressure for insulin resistance in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: protocol for a randomised controlled pilot trial
Authors: Li Yan , Hou Lihui , Wang Yingji , Xie Liangzhen , Zhang Meiwei , Pan Zimeng , Li Yangyang , Ding Yicheng , Sun Miao , Qu Yufang , Liu Songjiang
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Approximately 5%–20% of reproductive women suffer from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Auricular points acupressure (AA) may serve as alternative management for PCOS for its benefits in both physical and psychological well-being. However, the effects of AA for insulin resistance (IR) in overweight/obese PCOS women have not been confirmed.

Methods and analysis

The present study is designed as a randomised, placebo-controlled pilot trial to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of AA in treating IR in women with PCOS. A total of 60 eligible PCOS subjects will be randomised into an intervention group (AA group) and a control group (sham AA group) in a ratio of 1:1. Magnetic beads will be taped to the auricular points by the same senior acupuncture specialist from the First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine. The treatment will last for 12 weeks. Primary outcome measure will be changes in homeostasis model assessment of IR between baseline and after 3 months of AA/sham AA treatment. Secondary outcomes include hormonal profile, weight, waist/hip circumference, body mass index, blood pressure, Ferriman-Gallwey score, acne and the assessment of health-related quality of life. Outcome measures are collected at baseline and the end of treatment visit.

Ethics and dissemination

The protocol has been approved by the ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine (HZYLLKY201800301). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals for publications.

Trial registration number

NCT03546595; Pre-results.