bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On generalized K-functionals in $$L_p$$ for $$0<p<1$$
Authors: Kolomoitsev Yurii , Lomako Tetiana
Published: May 2023

We show that the Peetre K-functional between the space $$L_p$$

L
p

with $$0<p<1$$

0
<
p
<
1

and the corresponding smooth function space $$W_p^\psi $$

W
p
ψ

generated by the Weyl-type differential operator $$\psi (D)$$

ψ
(
D
)

, where $$\psi $$
ψ
is a homogeneous function of any positive order, is identically zero. The proof of the main results is based on the properties of the de la Vallée Poussin kernels and the quadrature formulas for trigonometric polynomials and entire functions of exponential type.
Dual Probabilistic Linguistic Full Consistency Additive Ratio Assessment Model for Medical Equipment Supplier Selection
Authors: Mishra Arunodaya Raj , Rani Pratibha , Hezam Ibrahim M. , Deveci Muhammet
Published: May 2023

In comparison to probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs), dual probabilistic linguistic term sets (DPLTSs) reveal the complexity and uncertainty of this realistic world more accurately. The power average operator can mitigate the consequences of some decision-makers’ strong biases while evaluating data. Additionally, the Dombi operators during the phase of aggregation are very adaptable with general parameter. Inspired by these topics, we propose some dual probabilistic linguistic Dombi power aggregation operators to aggregate the decision-making expert’s preferences and various elegant properties of these proposed dual probabilistic linguistic (DPL)-aggregating operators. Further, we establish an integrated method with the combination of proposed DPL-aggregation operators, full consistency method (FUCOM) and additive ratio assessment (ARAS) model called the “DPL-FUCOM-ARAS” methodology for solving multi-criteria decision analysis problems under dual probabilistic linguistic environment. In this methodology, the FUCOM is applied to determine criteria weight, while the ARAS model is presented to prioritize the options from dual probabilistic linguistic perspective. We present a case study on the selection of a medical equipment supplier to highlight the applicability and show the usefulness of the proposed DPL-FUCOM-ARAS methodology. Further, we discuss the sensitivity investigation and comparative discussion to check the stability and robustness of the proposed DPL-FUCOM-ARAS methodology.
Demographic differences in the effect of price on giving in a diverse population
Authors: Lillehaugen Luke , Ludwig Porter , Mayo Robert L.
Published: May 2023

We conduct two experiments using a demographically diverse online subject pool to investigate total and extensive price elasticities of giving by age, income, gender, political ideology, and religiosity. A first exploratory experiment finds that religious subjects give more, are more likely to give, and are less sensitive to the price of giving than non-religious subjects. We find no statistically significant differences in price elasticities by age, income, gender, or political ideology. A second pre-registered experiment confirms these findings.
CAT: a coarse-to-fine attention tree for semantic change detection
Authors: Wei Xiu-Shen , Xu Yu-Yan , Zhang Chen-Lin , Xia Gui-Song , Peng Yu-Xin
Published: May 2023

Semantic change detection (SCD) and land cover mapping (LCM) are always treated as a dual task in the field of remote sensing. However, due to diverse real-world scenarios, many SCD categories are not easy to be clearly recognized, such as “water-vegetation” and “water-tree”, which can be regarded as fine-grained differences. In addition, even a single LCM category is usually difficult to define. For instance, some “vegetation” categories with litter vegetation coverage are easily confused with the general “ground” category. SCD/LCM becomes challenging under both challenges of its fine-grained nature and label ambiguity. In this paper, we tackle the SCD and LCM tasks simultaneously by proposing a coarse-to-fine attention tree (CAT) model. Specifically, it consists of an encoder, a decoder and a coarse-to-fine attention tree module. The encoder-decoder structure extracts the high-level features from input multi-temporal images first and then reconstructs them to return SCD and LCM predictions. Our coarse-to-fine attention tree, on the one hand, utilizes the tree structure to better model a hierarchy of categories by predicting the coarse-grained labels first and then predicting the fine-grained labels later. On the other hand, it applies the attention mechanism to capture discriminative pixel regions. Furthermore, to address label ambiguity in SCD/LCM, we also equip a label distribution learning loss upon our model. Experiments on the large-scale SECOND dataset justify that the proposed CAT model outperforms state-of-the-art models. Moreover, various ablation studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of tailored designs in the CAT model for solving semantic change detection problems.
Modular design automation of the morphologies, controllers, and vision systems for intelligent robots: a survey
Authors: Li Wenji , Wang Zhaojun , Mai Ruitao , Ren Pengxiang , Zhang Qinchang , Zhou Yutao , Xu Ning , Zhuang JiaFan , Xin Bin , Gao Liang , Hao Zhifeng , Fan Zhun
Published: May 2023

Design automation is a core technology in industrial design software and an important branch of knowledge-worker automation. For example, electronic design automation (EDA) has played an important role in both academia and industry. Design automation for intelligent robots refers to the construction of unified modular graph models for the morphologies (body), controllers (brain), and vision systems (eye) of intelligent robots under digital twin architectures, which effectively supports the automation of the morphology, controller, and vision system design processes of intelligent robots by taking advantage of the powerful capabilities of genetic programming, evolutionary computation, deep learning, reinforcement learning, and causal reasoning in model representation, optimization, perception, decision making, and reasoning. Compared with traditional design methods, MOdular DEsigN Automation (MODENA) methods can significantly improve the design efficiency and performance of robots, effectively avoiding the repetitive trial-and-error processes of traditional design methods, and promoting automatic discovery of innovative designs. Thus, it is of considerable research significance to study MODENA methods for intelligent robots. To this end, this paper provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of applying MODENA in intelligent robots, analyzes the current problems and challenges in the field, and provides an outlook for future research. First, the design automation for the robot morphologies and controllers is reviewed, individually, with automated design of control strategies for swarm robots also discussed, which has emerged as a prominent research focus recently. Next, the integrated design automation of both the morphologies and controllers for robotic systems is presented. Then, the design automation of the vision systems of intelligent robots is summarized when vision systems have become one of the most important modules for intelligent robotic systems. Then, the future research trends of integrated “Body-Brain-Eye” design automation for intelligent robots are discussed. Finally, the common key technologies, research challenges and opportunities in MODENA for intelligent robots are summarized.
Cooperative trajectory shaping guidance law for multiple anti-ship missiles
Authors: Yang G. , Fang Y. , Ma W. , Zhu S. , Fu W.
Published: May 2023

To enhance the performance of anti-ship missiles cooperative attack, this paper proposes a finite-time trajectory shaping-based cooperative guidance law (TSCGL). Firstly, the cooperative guidance model is established on segmented linearisation of the missile’s heading angle. Then, a trajectory shaping guidance law for a single missile is derived by a weighted optimal energy cost function and Schwarz inequality. On this basis, a finite-time TSCGL is proposed combined with trajectory shaping technology and finite-time theory. The desirable finite-time convergence performance can ensure a simultaneous attack. Through an improved method of time-to-go estimation, it is independent of small-angle assumption and relaxes the launching conditions of the missiles. Additionally, the proposed finite-time TSCGL can achieve better damage performance through energy management. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed finite-time TSCGL.
Economics of deficit irrigation utilizing soil moisture probes in the western corn belt
Authors: O’Donnell Emily , Nogueira Lia , Walters Cory G. , Peterson E. Wesley F. , Irmak Suat
Published: May 2023

Effective irrigation management is critical for future food supplies and the prosperity of producers engaged in irrigation production. Through a deficit irrigation field experiment, we determine the financial impact on producers caused by changing irrigation costs, corn prices, extreme weather events, and restricting irrigation levels. Results suggest that the optimal economic strategy within our constrained optimization model is to fully irrigate, with the economic impact highly dependent on commodity prices, restriction level, and irrigation costs. The greatest economic losses caused by irrigation restrictions come from decreases in yield. Some simulations resulted in negative profits, indicating that a switch to alternative crops requiring less irrigation may be warranted.
Digital Trade, Development, and Inequality
Authors: Vásquez Callo-Müller María , Kugler Kholofelo
Published: May 2023

The links between and among digital trade, development, and inequality are multifaceted and ever evolving. They depend on what is understood as development and as inequality, concepts that transcend the North-South divide, and the fora in which these issues arise. Conceptually, development and inequality are intrinsically intertwined as the measures to address both are often complementary or even the same. In this essay, we consider development and inequality as pertaining to the ability of developing countries and least-developed countries (LDCs) to shape and participate in the digital economy, and particularly, the regulatory framework for digital trade. We explore how the relationships between digital trade, development, and inequality are addressed in the main venues for digital trade rulemaking: the World Trade Organization (WTO) and Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs). We then examine two contentious issues in digital trade: the customs duty moratorium and data governance.
Digital Economy and National Security: Contextualizing Cybersecurity-Related Exceptions
Authors: Peng Shin-yi
Published: May 2023

This essay addresses the challenges of the digital economy in the context of cybersecurity threats that have growing implications for national security. It analyzes cybersecurity-related exceptions to international trade rules to explore whether and how these exceptions protect the state's digital policy space. The essay argues that the pre-digital era exceptions to trade rules are too narrowly framed to address cybersecurity concerns. This is in contrast to trends in the new generation of international trade agreements that create expansive security exceptions that are designed to reset the balance between international trade and national security. These new approaches must, however, be carefully guarded against potential abuses.
MENAS’S CONJECTURE REVISITED
Authors: MATET PIERRE
Published: May 2023

In an article published in 1974, Menas conjectured that any stationary subset of can be split in many pairwise disjoint stationary subsets. Even though the conjecture was shown long ago by Baumgartner and Taylor to be consistently false, it is still haunting papers on . In which situations does it hold? How much of it can be proven in ZFC? We start with an abridged history of the conjecture, then we formulate a new version of it, and finally we keep weakening this new assertion until, building on the work of Usuba, we hit something we can prove.
Repeat CyberKnife Radiosurgery for Trigeminal Neuralgia: Outcomes and Complications
Authors: Guillemette Albert , Roberge David , Heymann Sami , Ménard Cynthia , Bahary Jean-Paul , Fournier-Gosselin Marie-Pierre
Published: May 2023

Background:

CyberKnife radiosurgery (RS), as an initial first treatment, is recognized as an efficient and safe modality for trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, knowledge on repeat CyberKnife RS in refractory cases is limited. The objective was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of repeat CyberKnife RS for TN.

Methods:

A retrospective review of 33 patients with refractory TN treated a second time with CyberKnife RS from 2009 to 2021. The median follow-up period after the second RS was 26.0 months (range 0.3–115.8). The median dose for the repeat RS was 60 Gy (range 60.0–70.0). Pain relief after the intervention was assessed using the Barrow Neurological Institute scale for pain (I–V). Scores I to IIIb were classified as an adequate pain relief and scores IV–V were classified as a treatment failure

Results:

After the second RS, initial adequate pain relief was achieved in 87.9% of cases. The actuarial probabilities of maintaining an adequate pain relief at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months were 92.1%, 74.0%, 58.2%, and 58.2%, respectively. Regarding sustained pain relief, there was no significant difference between the first and the second RS. Sensory toxicity after the first RS was predictive of a better outcome following the second RS. The onset of hypesthesia rate was the same after the first or the second RS (21%).

Conclusion:

Repeat RS is an effective and safe method for the treatment of refractory TN.
Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Insomnia Symptoms Among Frontline Healthcare Workers in a COVID-19 Hospital in Northeast Mexico
Authors: Lopez-Salinas Argenis , Arnaud-Gil Carlos A. , Saucedo-Martinez David E. , Ruiz-Lozano Raul E. , Martinez-Resendez Michel F. , Gongora-Cortes Jose J. , Torre-Amione Guillermo
Published: May 2023

Objective:

Frontline healthcare workers (FHCWs) exposed to COVID-19 patients are at an increased risk of developing psychological burden. This study aims to determine the prevalence of mental health symptoms and associated factors among Mexican FHCWs attending COVID-19 patients.

Methods:

FHCWs, including attending physicians, residents/fellows, and nurses providing care to COVID-19 patients at a private hospital in Monterrey, Mexico, were invited to answer an online survey between August 28, and November 30, 2020. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and insomnia were evaluated with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7, Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify variables associated with each outcome.

Results:

131 FHCWs, 43.5% attending physicians, 19.8% residents/fellows, and 36.6% nurses were included. The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and insomnia was 36%, 21%, 23%, and 24% respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that residents/fellows and nurses reported more depression and insomnia than attending physicians. Although not significant, residents/fellows were more likely to experience all symptoms than nurses.

Conclusions:

Mexican FHCWs, especially nurses and residents/fellows, experienced a significant psychological burden while attending to COVID-19 patients. Tailored interventions providing support to FHCWs during future outbreaks are required.
Three-dimensional numerical simulation of flow past a rotating step cylinder
Authors: Zhao Ming , Zhang Qin
Published: May 2023

Flow past a rotating step cylinder is investigated through three-dimensional numerical simulations for a diameter ratio of 0.5 and a Reynolds number of 150. The step cylinder comprises two cylinders with different diameters arranged coaxially with a step between them. The rotation rate α is defined as the ratio of the rotation speed of the larger cylinder surface to the free-stream velocity. Vortex shedding happens for both cylinders at α = 0, 0.5 and 1, and is suppressed only for the larger cylinder at α = 2 and 3 and fully suppressed for both cylinders at α = 4. The vortex shedding suppression for the larger cylinder or for both cylinders has significant effects on the wake. The S-, N- and L-cells at α = 0 are in good agreement with those reported in previous studies and still exist at α = 1. The N-cell disappears at α = 0.5, and as a result, the L- and S-cells interact with each other directly at the step position. An additional cellular zone is found at α = 0.5 and 1 and this zone has multiple cells with vortex dislocation between them. At α = 2 and 3, there is a strong hub vortex in the streamwise direction behind the step and the vortices in the wake of the smaller cylinder form helical vortices after they roll around this hub vortex. The hub vortex is generated by the difference between the Magnus effect between the smaller and larger cylinders. At α = 4, the hub vortex still exists but the helical vortices disappear because vortex shedding is suppressed for both cylinders. At this rotation rate, the pressure on the cylinder surface oscillates with a frequency much higher than the vortex shedding frequency. The oscillation of the pressure is caused by the combination of periodic generation of ring vortices and their motion along the span of the larger cylinder.
Relational event models in network science
Authors: Butts Carter T. , Lomi Alessandro , Snijders Tom A. B. , Stadtfeld Christoph
Published: May 2023

Relational event models (REMs) for the analysis of social interaction were first introduced 15 years ago. Since then, a number of important substantive and methodological contributions have produced their progressive refinement and hence facilitated their increased adoption in studies of social and other networks. Today REMs represent a well-established class of statistical models for relational processes. This special issue of Network Science demonstrates the standing and recognition that REMs have achieved within the network analysis and networks science communities. We wrote this brief introductory editorial essay with four main objectives in mind: (i) positioning relational event data and models in the larger context of contemporary network science and social network research; (ii) reviewing some of the most important recent developments; (iii) presenting the innovative studies collected in this special issue as evidence of the empirical value of REMs, and (iv) identifying open questions and future research directions.
Monitoring to conservation: The science–policy nexus of plastics and seabirds
Authors: Hamilton Bonnie M. , Clark Bethany L. , Borrelle Stephanie B.
Published: May 2023

Seabirds have been the messengers of marine plastics pollution since the 1950s, not long after plastics began to be commercially manufactured. In the decades since, a number of multilateral agreements have emerged to address marine plastics pollution that have been informed by research and monitoring on plastic ingestion in seabirds. Seabirds continue to serve as effective monitors for plastics pollution in the oceans, and increasingly of the chemical contamination from the marine environment as plastic additives and chemicals can adsorb and accumulate in seabirds’ tissues. Plastics pollution has far-reaching ecological impacts, but the motivation for addressing the issue has escalated rapidly at the international level. Seabirds are also the most globally threatened group of birds and require concerted conservation actions to mitigate population declines from multiple pressures. However, most policy mechanisms focus on the monitoring and mitigation of anthropogenically induced stressors, using seabird data, and often fail to include mechanisms to conserve the messengers. In this review, we discuss how research on the impacts of plastics on seabirds is used to inform policy and highlight the competing interests of monitoring and conservation that emerge from this approach. Finally, we discuss policy opportunities to ensure seabirds can continue to be the indicators of ocean health and simultaneously achieve conservation goals.
The Merits of ‘Moral Ecumenism’: Secularism, Suspicion and Jewish-Christian Relations in Twentieth-Century Britain
Authors: SCHAFFER GAVIN
Published: May 2023

This article uses the history of Jewish-Christian relations in twentieth-century Britain to shed light on the theological and political changes which have shaped inter-faith dialogue, and explore religious responses to the perceived acceleration of secularism. In so doing it questions the centrality of antisemitism and the Holocaust as the key drivers of change in Jewish-Christian relations and highlights the importance of broader shifts in religious belief, and a growing perception of ‘common ground’ between faiths. While Jewish-Christian relations in Britain are now frequently presented as a model of inter-faith cooperation, this article argues that longstanding theological and political challenges have continued to problematise this role-model status.
Fearful apes or emotional cooperative breeders?
Authors: Barclay Pat , Yerman Savannah , Twardus Oliver
Published: May 2023

The “fearful ape hypothesis” is interesting but is currently underspecified. We need more research on whether it is specific to fear, specific to humans (or even cooperative breeders in general), what is included in “fear,” and whether these patterns would indeed evolve despite arms races to extract help from audiences. Specifying these will result in a more testable hypothesis.
Cooperative care as origins of the “happy ape”?
Authors: Yang Fan
Published: May 2023

Grossmann proposes an interesting framework to explain how heightened fearfulness among humans could be evolutionarily adaptive in the context of cooperative care. I would like to propose that cooperative care may also be a potential mechanism promoting enhanced happiness expression among humans, shedding light on questions about the scope and boundary of the fearful ape hypothesis.
How “peer-fear” of others' evaluations can regulate young children's cooperation
Authors: Hepach Robert , Gerdemann Stella Claire
Published: May 2023

Children's cooperation with peers undergoes substantial developmental changes between 3 and 10 years of age. Here we stipulate that young children's initial fearfulness of peers' behaviour develops into older children's fearfulness of peers' evaluations of their own behaviour. Cooperation may constitute an adaptive environment in which the expressions of fear and self-conscious emotions regulate the quality of children's peer relationships.
The suffering ape hypothesis
Authors: Steinkopf Leander
Published: May 2023

The “fearful ape hypothesis” could be regarded as one aspect of a more general “suffering ape hypothesis”: Humans are more likely to experience negative emotions (e.g., fear, sadness), aversive symptoms (e.g., pain, fever), and to engage in self-harming behavior (e.g., cutting, suicide attempts) because these might motivate affiliative, consolatory, and supportive behavior from their prosocial environment thereby enhancing evolutionary fitness.
The human fear paradox turns out to be less paradoxical when global changes in human aggression and language evolution are considered
Authors: Benítez-Burraco Antonio , Progovac Ljiljana
Published: May 2023

Our commentary focuses on the interaction between Grossmann's fearful ape hypothesis (FAH) and the human self-domestication hypothesis (HSDH), also taking into account language acquisition and evolution. Although there is considerable overlap between the two hypotheses, there are also some discrepancies, and our goal is to consider the extent to which HSDH can explain the phenomena identified by FAH without invoking fearfulness as directly adaptive.
Heightened fearfulness as a developmental adaptation
Authors: Bjorklund David F. , Hernández Blasi Carlos
Published: May 2023

Although we find many merits to Grossmann's fearful ape hypothesis, unlike Grossmann, we see heightened fearfulness as an ontogenetic adaptation, signaling helplessness and fostering caregiving during infancy, which subsequently became exapted to promote cooperation. We also argue that, rather than being the “breeding ground” for enhanced infant fearfulness, cooperative care is more likely the evolved product of enhanced fearfulness.
Epistemic trust and unchanging personal narratives
Authors: Campbell Chloe , Fonagy Peter
Published: May 2023

Focusing on imagination and the social context in the generation of conviction narratives, we propose that these elements are dynamically related to one another, and crucially that it is the nature of this relationship that determines individuals' level of epistemic openness and capacity to respond adaptively to update their narratives in a way that increases the possibility of more successful decision-making.
The ephemeral stories of our lives
Authors: Chater Nick
Published: May 2023

Johnson et al. make a persuasive case that qualitative, story-like reasoning plays a crucial role in everyday thought and decision-making. This commentary questions the cohesiveness of this type of reasoning and the representations that generate it. Perhaps narratives do not underpin, but are ephemeral products of thought, created when we need to justify our actions to ourselves and others.
Decisions under uncertainty are more messy than they seem
Authors: Tuominen Jarno
Published: May 2023

Conviction Narrative Theory (CNT) is conceptually so multifaceted as to make critical evaluation difficult. It also omits one course of action: Active engagement with the world. Parsing the developmental and mechanistic processes within CNT would allow for a rigorous research programme to put the account under test. I propose a unifying account based on active inference.
High-stakes decisions do not require narrative conviction but narrative flexibility
Authors: Breithaupt Fritz , Hicks Milo , Hiskes Benjamin , Lagrange Victoria
Published: May 2023

We challenge Johnson et al.'s assumption that people reduce unclear situations to a single narrative explanation and that such reduction would be adaptive for decision-making under radical uncertainty. Instead, we argue that people imagine and maintain multiple narrative possibilities throughout the decision-making process and that this process provides cognitive flexibility and adaptive benefits within the proposed model.
Educational Implications of Conviction Narrative Theory
Authors: Sheskin Mark , Bogucki Michael , Perry Tomer , McAllister Katie
Published: May 2023

Education often relies on an implicit assumption that decisions are made rationally, and focuses on situations in which there are correct answers that can be known with certainty. The proposal that decision-making is often narrative, especially in contexts of radical uncertainty, suggests important changes to education practice and new questions for education research.
Narrative thought and decision-making
Authors: Dominey Peter Ford
Published: May 2023

A significant body of literature has identified how narrative provides a basis for perceiving and understanding human experience. In the target article, the authors arrive at the need for a form of narrative-based reasoning due to constraints that render probabilistic-based reasoning ineffective. This commentary attempts to bridge this gap and identify links between the proposed and existing theories.
The wisdom in the story: Clarifying assumptions about radical uncertainty and reasonableness in narrative judgment
Authors: Grossmann Igor , Meyers Ethan A. , Eibach Richard P.
Published: May 2023

Human lives are radically uncertain. Making sense of such uncertainties is the hallmark of wisdom. Sense-making requires narratives, putting them in the center stage of human everyday decision-making. Yet what if radical uncertainty is a narrative itself? Moreover, do laypeople always consider such narratives irrational? Here we pose these questions to enrich a theory of choice under uncertainty.
Really radical?
Authors: Friston Karl
Published: May 2023

I enjoyed reading this compelling account of Conviction Narrative Theory (CNT). As a theoretical neurobiologist, I recognised – and applauded – the tenets of CNT. My commentary asks whether its claims could be installed into a Bayesian mechanics of decision-making, in a way that would enable theoreticians to model, reproduce and predict decision-making.
The Redefinition of Clandestine Marriage by Sixteenth-Century Lutheran Theologians and Jurists
Authors: Astorri Paolo
Published: May 2023

Within the medieval Catholic Church, the term ‘clandestine betrothal’ was associated with the absence of witnesses, solemnities, and other formalities. Parental consent was not a legal requirement for betrothal or marriage, which was based on the free decision of the spouses. However, Martin Luther held that the will of the parties was not sufficient, because the couple was joined by God, and God’s will was reflected in parental consent. Luther intended the parents to be a public authority, and he therefore proposed a different definition of clandestine marriage that combined the absence of witnesses with the lack of parental approval. Medieval canonists had enumerated numerous types of clandestine betrothal. However, in their treatises, the jurists Johannes Schneidewin, Conrad Mauser, and Joachim von Beust translated Luther’s definition into legal terms, reducing the types of clandestine betrothal to only two. The first type, absence of witnesses, continued to be regulated by canon law, with some exceptions. The second, lack of parental approval, was governed by Roman law reinterpreted according to Scripture. Cardinal Bellarmine criticized this definition as confused, prompting the Lutheran theologians Paul Tarnov and Johann Gerhard to reply that ‘clandestine’ had acquired a new meaning: violation of the law imposing parental approval.
Marxism of, by, and for the People: Karl Korsch and the Problem of Worker Education
Authors: Baring Edward
Published: May 2023

This article argues for the importance of worker education for understanding the intellectual history of Marxism. It examines the work of the early Western Marxist Karl Korsch, who was deeply engaged in that project, showing that his most famous text, 1923's Marxism and Philosophy, can be read as a reflection on its problems and goals, especially the demand that the theory taught to the workers should “express” their life experience and struggle. The article ends with a discussion of the way in which the project of worker education can help us think through the geographical specificities of Marxism. In adjusting the pedagogical project to “express” new populations, especially in countries without a large industrial working class, intellectuals and party leaders entertained broad revisions to Marxist theory.
Demystifying Publishing during the PhD: Navigating Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Höhmann Daniel
Published: May 2023

Publishing during your PhD can be both rewarding and challenging. On the one hand, writing and publishing papers can be a beneficial and particularly important aspect of your time as a PhD student. Not only does it allow you to share your work with a wider audience, but also it can help establish your reputation in your field and may lead to future opportunities such as academic positions or funding. On the other hand, publishing can be an intimidating challenge that adds an additional layer of pressure and workload to an already demanding program and therefore requires a huge amount of dedication and resilience.
Brain Rules für den Job
Authors: Medina John
Published: May 2023

Wie kann ich die Menschen während meiner Präsentationen bei der Stange halten? Was kann ich in meinem Büro tun, damit ich mich darauf freue, am Montag dorthin zu kommen? Wie kann ich die Produktivität unseres Teams, unserer Abteilung, unseres Unternehmens verbessern? 
Der Molekularbiologe John Medina führt uns durch die Erkenntnisse der Hirnforschung und der Evolutionsbiologie zu Themen wie Büroraum, Work-Life-Balance, Machtdynamik und Interaktionen am Arbeitsplatz in Zeiten einer Pandemie. Medinas charmante Beschreibungen und witzige Anekdoten brechen die Wissenschaft auf praktische Anwendungen herunter, die Sie gleich anwenden können, um Ihr Arbeitsleben und das der Menschen in Ihrem Umfeld zu verbessern. 
Sie werden unter anderem lernen, 
•warum Pausen in der Natur während des Arbeitstages die Produktivität steigern 
•wie die vorherige Planung eines Meetings dessen Effektivität erhöht 
•was genau daran so anstrengend ist, sich mit Kolleginnen und Kollegen online zu unterhalten 
•warum das Zulassen von Misserfolgen für den Erfolg eines Unternehmens von entscheidender Bedeutung ist 
•wie unser Arbeitsleben in einer Welt nach der Pandemie aussehen wird 
Ob Sie nun in einem Unternehmen angestellt sind oder eine Führungskraft, die den Erfolg ihrer Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter sicherstellen will - „Brain Rules für den Job“ ist sowohl ein nützliches Werkzeug als auch ein überzeugender Leitfaden für Sie und Ihr Team.
Ship‐Based Observations and Climate Model Simulations of Cloud Phase Over the Southern Ocean
Authors: Desai Neel , Diao Minghui , Shi Yang , Liu Xiaohong , Silber Israel
Published: May 2023

The Southern Ocean (SO) clouds exert a significant influence on the Earth's radiation budget. We analyzed ship‐based remote sensing observations of SO clouds over a 5‐month long Department of Energy (DOE) ARM Measurements of Aerosols, Radiation and Clouds over the Southern Oceans (MARCUS) field campaign to better understand cloud phase variability. We developed a method to classify eight categories of hydrometeors (ice, liquid, mixed phase, rain, drizzle, snow, aerosols, and clear sky) based on measurements of lidar, radar and radiosondes. Cloud thermodynamic phases (liquid, ice and mixed phase) at coarser scales were further derived to compare with the DOE Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1 (E3SMv1) simulation and the Earth Model Column Collaboratory (EMC2) instrument simulator. For a scale‐aware comparison with climate model simulations, we found that spatially averaging the raw remote sensing data (e.g., backscatter and reflectivity) results in increased cloud cover and cloud liquid, whereas, directly averaging cloud phase from higher to lower resolution maintains clear air regions and is thus recommended for in‐cloud frequency comparisons. For cloud thermodynamic phases in stratiform clouds, the E3SMv1 underestimates cloud ice and overestimates cloud liquid at temperatures between −40°C and 0°C. When latitudes increase, both observations and simulations show a transition of dominant phase from liquid to ice for cloud tops as well as for the entire cloud columns, but the model underestimation of ice phase is more severe at higher latitudes. Such model bias is unlikely caused by spatial scale differences or lack of heterogeneity in cloud vertical structure in the simulation.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for NK/T-cell lymphoma: an international collaborative analysis
Authors: Berning Philipp , Schmitz Norbert , Ngoya Maud , Finel Hervé , Boumendil Ariane , Wang Fengrong , Huang Xiao-Jun , Hermine Olivier , Philippe Laure , Couronné Lucile , Jaccard Arnaud , Liu Daihong , Wu Depei , Reinhardt Hans Christian , Chalandon Yves , Wagner-Drouet Eva , Kwon Mi , Zhang Xi , Carpenter Ben , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Wulf Gerald , López-Jiménez Javier , Sanz Jaime , Labussière-Wallet Hélène , Shimoni Avichai , Dreger Peter , Sureda Anna , Kim Won Seog , Glass Bertram
Published: May 2023

Natural killer/T-cell lymphomas (NKTCL) represent rare and aggressive lymphoid malignancies. Patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory disease after Asparaginase (ASPA)-based chemotherapy have a dismal prognosis. To better define the role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), we conducted a retrospective analysis of data shared with the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) and cooperating Asian centers. We identified 135 pts who received allo-HSCT between 2010 and 2020. Median age was 43.4 years at allo-HSCT, 68.1% were male. Ninety-seven pts (71.9 %) were European, 38 pts (28.1%) Asian. High Prognostic Index for NKTCL (PINK) scores were reported for 44.4%; 76.3% had >1 treatment, 20.7% previous auto-HSCT, and 74.1% ASPA-containing regimens prior to allo-HSCT. Most (79.3%) pts were transplanted in CR/PR. With a median follow-up of 4.8 years, 3-year progression-free(PFS) and overall survival were 48.6% (95%-CI:39.5–57%) and 55.6% (95%-CI:46.5–63.8%). Non-relapse mortality at 1 year was 14.8% (95%-CI:9.3–21.5%) and 1-year relapse incidence 29.6% (95%-CI:21.9–37.6%). In multivariate analyses, shorter time interval (0–12 months) between diagnosis and allo-HSCT [HR = 2.12 (95%-CI:1.03–4.34); P = 0.04] and transplantation not in CR/PR [HR = 2.20 (95%-CI:0.98–4.95); P = 0.056] reduced PFS. Programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1/PD-L1) treatment before HSCT neither increased GVHD nor impacted survival. We demonstrate that allo-HSCT can achieve long-term survival in approximately half of pts allografted for NKTCL.
Single probes and resonant four-wave-mixing enabling novel correlative light electron microscopy workflow
Authors: Chen Long , He Chao
Published: May 2023

Correlative light electron microscopy prefers single probes with stable performance in both optical and electron microscopy. Now researchers have shown how to harness gold nanoparticles featuring exceptional photostability and four-wave-mixing nonlinearity to realize a new correlation imaging approach.
Graphene metasurface hits the point
Authors: Qin Jiazheng , Wang Mengjia , Qiu Cheng-Wei
Published: May 2023

Exceptional points pose exceptional difficulties to access and encircle. By simply gating graphene, it is now easier to hit the exceptional point.
T cells: an emerging cast of roles in bipolar disorder
Authors: Chen Zhenni , Huang Yiran , Wang Bingqi , Peng Huanqie , Wang Xiaofan , Wu Hongzheng , Chen Wanxin , Wang Min
Published: May 2023

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a distinctly heterogeneous and multifactorial disorder with a high individual and social burden. Immune pathway dysregulation is an important pathophysiological feature of BD. Recent studies have suggested a potential role for T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of BD. Therefore, greater insight into T lymphocytes’ functioning in patients with BD is essential. In this narrative review, we describe the presence of an imbalance in the ratio and altered function of T lymphocyte subsets in BD patients, mainly in T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17 cells and regulatory T cells, and alterations in hormones, intracellular signaling, and microbiomes may be potential causes. Abnormal T cell presence explains the elevated rates of comorbid inflammatory illnesses in the BD population. We also update the findings on T cell-targeting drugs as potentially immunomodulatory therapeutic agents for BD disease in addition to classical mood stabilizers (lithium, valproic acid). In conclusion, an imbalance in T lymphocyte subpopulation ratios and altered function may be involved in the development of BD, and maintaining T cell immune homeostasis may provide an overall therapeutic benefit.
Epigenetic age deacceleration in youth at familial risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Segura Alex G. , de la Serna Elena , Sugranyes Gisela , Baeza Inmaculada , Valli Isabel , Díaz-Caneja Covadonga , Martín Nuria , Moreno Dolores M. , Gassó Patricia , Rodriguez Natalia , Mas Sergi , Castro-Fornieles Josefina
Published: May 2023

Epigenetic modifications occur sequentially during the lifespan, but their pace can be altered by external stimuli. The onset of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is critically modulated by stressors that may alter the epigenetic pattern, a putative signature marker of exposure to environmental risk factors. In this study, we estimated the age-related epigenetic modifications to assess the differences between young individuals at familial high risk (FHR) and controls and their association with environmental stressors. The sample included 117 individuals (6–17 years) at FHR (45%) and a control group (55%). Blood and saliva samples were used estimate the epigenetic age with six epigenetic clocks through methylation data. Environmental risk was measured with obstetric complications, socioeconomic statuses and recent stressful life events data. Epigenetic age was correlated with chronological age. FHR individuals showed epigenetic age deacceleration of Horvath and Hannum epigenetic clocks compared to controls. No effect of the environmental risk factors on the epigenetic age acceleration could be detected. Epigenetic age acceleration adjusted by cell counts showed that the FHR group was deaccelerated also with the PedBE epigenetic clock. Epigenetic age asynchronicities were found in the young at high risk, suggesting that offspring of affected parents follow a slower pace of biological aging than the control group. It still remains unclear which environmental stressors orchestrate the changes in the methylation pattern. Further studies are needed to better characterize the molecular impact of environmental stressors before illness onset, which could be critical in the development of tools for personalized psychiatry.
LncRNA LINC00969 promotes acquired gefitinib resistance by epigenetically suppressing of NLRP3 at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels to inhibit pyroptosis in lung cancer
Authors: Dai Jiali , Qu Tianyu , Yin Dandan , Cui Yanan , Zhang Chen , Zhang Erbao , Guo Renhua
Published: May 2023

Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) treatment prolongs the survival of lung cancer patients harbouring activating EGFR mutations. However, resistance to EGFR-TKIs is inevitable after long-term treatment. Molecular mechanistic research is of great importance in combatting resistance. A comprehensive investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance has important implications for overcoming resistance. An accumulating body of evidence shows that lncRNAs can contribute to tumorigenesis and treatment resistance. By bioinformatics analysis, we found that LINC00969 expression was elevated in lung cancer cells with acquired gefitinib resistance. LINC00969 regulated resistance to gefitinib in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, gain of H3K4me1 and H3K27Ac led to the activation of LINC00969 expression. LINC00969 interacts with EZH2 and METTL3, transcriptionally regulates the level of H3K27me3 in the NLRP3 promoter region, and posttranscriptionally modifies the m6A level of NLRP3 in an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner, thus epigenetically repressing NLRP3 expression to suppress the activation of the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-related classical pyroptosis signalling pathways, thereby endowing an antipyroptotic phenotype and promoting TKI resistance in lung cancer. Our findings provide a new mechanism for lncRNA-mediated TKI resistance from the new perspective of pyroptosis via simultaneous regulation of histone methylation and RNA methylation. The pivotal role of LINC00969 gives it the potential to be a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for overcoming EGFR-TKI resistance in lung cancer.
FGF21-FGFR1 controls mitochondrial homeostasis in cardiomyocytes by modulating the degradation of OPA1
Authors: Yan Bing , Mei Zhu , Tang Yaohan , Song Haixu , Wu Hanlin , Jing Quanmin , Zhang Xiaolin , Yan Chenghui , Han Yaling
Published: May 2023

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a pleiotropic hormone secreted primarily by the liver and is considered a major regulator of energy homeostasis. Recent research has revealed that FGF21 could play an important role in cardiac pathological remodeling effects and prevention of cardiomyopathy; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. This study aimed to determine the mechanism underlying the cardioprotective effects of FGF21. We engineered FGF21 knock out mice and subsequently elucidated the effects of FGF21 and its downstream mediators using western blotting, qRT-PCR, and mitochondrial morphological and functional analyses. FGF21 knockout mice showed cardiac dysfunction, accompanied by a decline in global longitudinal strain (GLS) and ejection fraction (EF), independent of metabolic disorders. Mitochondrial quality, quantity, and function were abnormal, accompanied by decreased levels of optic atrophy-1 (OPA1) in FGF21 KO mice. In contrast to FGF21 knockout, cardiac-specific overexpression of FGF21 alleviated the cardiac dysfunction caused by FGF21 deficiency. In an in vitro study, FGF21 siRNA deteriorated mitochondrial dynamics and impaired function induced by cobalt chloride (CoCl2). Both recombinant FGF21 and adenovirus-mediated FGF21 overexpression could alleviate CoCl2-induced mitochondrial impairment by restoring mitochondrial dynamics. FGF21 was essential for maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and function of the cardiomyocytes. As a regulator of cardiomyocyte mitochondrial homeostasis under oxidative stress, FGF21 could be an important new target for therapeutic options for patients with heart failure.
Lipid flipping in the omega-3 fatty-acid transporter
Authors: Nguyen Chi , Lei Hsiang-Ting , Lai Louis Tung Faat , Gallenito Marc J. , Mu Xuelang , Matthies Doreen , Gonen Tamir
Published: May 2023

Mfsd2a is the transporter for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid, across the blood brain barrier (BBB). Defects in Mfsd2a are linked to ailments from behavioral and motor dysfunctions to microcephaly. Mfsd2a transports long-chain unsaturated fatty-acids, including DHA and α-linolenic acid (ALA), that are attached to the zwitterionic lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) headgroup. Even with the recently determined structures of Mfsd2a, the molecular details of how this transporter performs the energetically unfavorable task of translocating and flipping lysolipids across the lipid bilayer remains unclear. Here, we report five single-particle cryo-EM structures of Danio rerio Mfsd2a (drMfsd2a): in the inward-open conformation in the ligand-free state and displaying lipid-like densities modeled as ALA-LPC at four distinct positions. These Mfsd2a snapshots detail the flipping mechanism for lipid-LPC from outer to inner membrane leaflet and release for membrane integration on the cytoplasmic side. These results also map Mfsd2a mutants that disrupt lipid-LPC transport and are associated with disease.
Crystal orientation fabric anisotropy causes directional hardening of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream
Authors: Gerber Tamara Annina , Lilien David A. , Rathmann Nicholas Mossor , Franke Steven , Young Tun Jan , Valero-Delgado Fernando , Ershadi M. Reza , Drews Reinhard , Zeising Ole , Humbert Angelika , Stoll Nicolas , Weikusat Ilka , Grinsted Aslak , Hvidberg Christine Schøtt , Jansen Daniela , Miller Heinrich , Helm Veit , Steinhage Daniel , O’Neill Charles , Paden John , Gogineni Siva Prasad , Dahl-Jensen Dorthe , Eisen Olaf
Published: May 2023

The dynamic mass loss of ice sheets constitutes one of the biggest uncertainties in projections of ice-sheet evolution. One central, understudied aspect of ice flow is how the bulk orientation of the crystal orientation fabric translates to the mechanical anisotropy of ice. Here we show the spatial distribution of the depth-averaged horizontal anisotropy and corresponding directional flow-enhancement factors covering a large area of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream onset. Our results are based on airborne and ground-based radar surveys, ice-core observations, and numerical ice-flow modelling. They show a strong spatial variability of the horizontal anisotropy and a rapid crystal reorganisation on the order of hundreds of years coinciding with the ice-stream geometry. Compared to isotropic ice, parts of the ice stream are found to be more than one order of magnitude harder for along-flow extension/compression while the shear margins are potentially softened by a factor of two for horizontal-shear deformation.