bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE INTRAMUNICIPAL DA DIVERSIDADE EXISTENTE EM ÁREAS RURAIS A PARTIR DE UMA CATEGORIZAÇÃO ESTATÍSTICA DOS SETORES CENSITÁRIOS DO IBGE
Authors: Farbelow Marcus Vinicius , Montebello Adriana Estela Sanjuan , De Medeiros Simone Daniela Sartório
Published: April 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo captar e analisar as diferentes configurações rurais existentes no interior dos municípios, normalmente considerados como unidades mínimas de informação. Para isso, foram utilizadas as informações do Censo Demográfico 2010 por setor censitário. A partir da análise de agrupamento aplicada no município de Araras/SP, os setores foram agrupados em categorias analiticamente relevantes, às quais se propôs um índice de desenvolvimento rural, atentando-se para as imbricações existentes entre cada configuração particular e o seu respectivo nível de desenvolvimento. Em Araras/SP, município selecionado em virtude de sua suposta homogeneidade agrícola (cana-de-açúcar e laranja), foram encontrados nove agrupamentos, o que evidencia a existência de diversas configurações rurais, com características, demandas e níveis de desenvolvimento rural específicos.
Social and Economic Aspects of Extremism and Terrorism and Reasons for Their Emergence
Authors: Bekisheva Sabigul , Begaliyev Yernar , Baisagatova Diana , Imangaliyev Nurtay
Published: April 2022

Terrorism in all its forms and manifestations and its scope, intensity, cruelty has now become one of the most acute and topical problems of global significance. The article deals with conceptual measures for strengthening the fight against terrorism and extremism financing, effective work with the private sector on providing information necessary for detection of the activity connected with terrorism and extremism financing. This work analyses the increasing level of awareness of representatives of public and private sectors and strengthening of the role of financial intelligence for the use of reconnaissance data as a dominant way of fight against terrorism and extremism. It has been determined that in such circumstances effective fight against terrorism and extremism as the exterritorial phenomenon has to have a complex character, combining efforts at universal, regional and interstate levels. As experts note, the measures taken only at the national level will have a limited effect. For safety insurance, each state needs international cooperation. It has been established that in Israel in order to prevent crises and mass protests, they use in practice the positively recommended Israel’s experiment of information exchange of law enforcement and special bodies with leaders of public opinion (authoritative persons, elders), representatives of official clergy, mass media and NGO by means of WhatsApp mobile application in online mode about the events having a public response. It is established that all interested private structures and government bodies have to reach a compromise in the strategy of ensuring a reliable system of counteraction and development of countermeasures according to the solution of anti-terrorist actions.
The Case for Standardising Gene Nomenclature Across Vertebrates
Authors: McCarthy Fiona M. , Jones Tamsin E.M. , Kwitek Anne E. , Smith Cynthia L. , Vize Peter D. , Westerfield Monte , Bruford Elspeth A.
Published: April 2022

Standardized gene nomenclature supports unambiguous communication and identification of the scientific literature associated with genes. To support the increasing number of annotated genomes that are now available for comparative studies, gene nomenclature authorities coordinate the assignment of approved gene names that can be readily propagated across species. Theofanopoulou et al. (Theofanopoulou et al. 2021) propose a new nomenclature for the genes encoding oxytocin and arginine vasopressin and their receptors. Rather than changing to a different nomenclature system, we propose minor updates to the current approved nomenclature of these vertebrate genes to better reflect their evolutionary history. We call on authors, journal editors and reviewers to help support communication and indexing of gene-related publications by working with existing gene nomenclature committees and ensuring that standardized gene nomenclature is routinely used.
Phenomenological Potentials for the Refractory Metals Cr, Mo and W
Authors: Pontikis Vassilis , Baldinozzi Gianguido
Published: April 2022

Cohesion in the refractory metals Cr, Mo, and W is phenomenologically described in this work via a n-body energy functional with a set of physically motivated parameters that were optimized to reproduce selected experimental properties characteristic of perfect and defective crystals. The functional contains four terms accounting for the hard-core repulsion, the Thomas-Fermi kinetic energy repulsion and for contributions to the binding energy of s and d valence electrons. Lattice dynamics, molecular statics, and molecular dynamics calculations show that this model describes satisfactorily thermodynamic properties of the studied metals whereas, unlike other empirical approaches from the literature, predictions of phonon dispersion relations and of surface and point defect energetics reveal in fair good agreement with experiments. These results suggest that the present model is well adapted to large-scale simulations and whenever total energy calculations of thermodynamic properties are unfeasible
A Deep Learning Approach for Public Sentiment Analysis in COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: HOSSAIN G.M. SAKHAWAT , Assaduzzaman Sayed , Mynoddin Md , Sarker Iqbal H.
Published: April 2022

Sentiment analysis is a process of extracting opinions into the positive, negative, or neutral categories from a pool of text using Natural Language Processing (NLP). In the recent era, our society is swiftly moving towards virtual platforms by joining virtual communities. Social media such as Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, etc are playing a very vital role in developing virtual communities. A pandemic situation like COVID-19 accelerated people's involvement in social sites to express their concerns or views regarding crucial issues. Mining public sentiment from these social sites especially from Twitter will help various organizations to understand the people's thoughts about the COVID-19 pandemic and to take necessary steps as well. To analyze the public sentiment from COVID-19 tweets is the main objective of our study. We proposed a deep learning architecture based on Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU) to accomplish our objective. We developed two different corpora from unlabelled and labeled COVID-19 tweets and use the unlabelled corpus to build an improved labeled corpus. Our proposed architecture draws a better accuracy of 87% on the improved labeled corpus for mining public sentiment from COVID-19 tweets.
Purinergic P2Y Receptors in Endothelium: From Vascular Physiology to Pathology, a Review Based on Recent Advances
Authors: Cabou Cendrine , Martinez Laurent O
Published: April 2022

The endothelium plays a key role in blood vessel health. At the interface of the blood, it releases several mediators that regulate local processes and that protect against the development of cardiovascular disease. In this interplay, there is increasing evidence for a role of extracellular nucleotides and endothelial purinergic P2Y receptors (P2Y-R) in vascular protection. Recent advances have revealed that endothelial P2Y1-R and P2Y2-R mediate nitric oxide-dependent vasorelaxation as well as endothelial cell proliferation and migration, which are processes involved in the regeneration of damaged endothelium. However, endothelial P2Y2-R, and possibly P2Y1-R, have also been reported to promote vascular inflammation and atheroma development in mouse models, with endothelial P2Y2-R also being described as promoting vascular remodeling and neointimal hyperplasia. Interestingly, at the interface with lipid metabolism, P2Y12-R has been found to trigger HDL transcytosis through endothelial cells, a process known to be protective against lipid deposition in the vascular wall. Better characterization of the role of purinergic P2Y-R and downstream signaling pathways in determination of the endothelial cell phenotype in healthy and pathological environments has clinical potential for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Design and Optimization of GeSn Waveguide Photodetectors for 2-µm Band Silicon Photonics
Authors: Ghosh Soumava , Bansal Radhika , Sun Greg , Soref Richard A. , Cheng Hung-Hsiang , Chang Guo-En
Published: April 2022

Silicon photonics is emerging as a competitive platform for electronic-photonic integrated circuits (EPICs) at the 2 µm wavelength band where GeSn photodetectors (PDs) have proven to be efficient PDs. Here, we present a comprehensive theoretical study of GeSn vertical p-i-n homojunction waveguide photodetectors (WGPDs) that have a strain-free and defect-free GeSn active layer for 2-µm Si-based EPICs. The use of a narrow-gap GeSn alloy as the active layer can fully cover entire the 2 µm wavelength band. The waveguide structure allows for decoupling the photon-absorbing path and the carrier-collection path, thereby allowing for simultaneous achievement of high-responsivity and high-bandwidth (BW) operation at the 2-µm wavelength band. We present the theoretical models to calculate the carrier saturation velocities, optical absorption coefficient, responsivity, 3-dB bandwidth, zero-bias resistance, and detectivity, and optimize this device structure to achieve highest performance at the 2-µm wavelength band. The results indicate that the performance of the GeSn WGPD has strong dependence on the Sn composition and geometric parameters. The optimally designed GeSn WGPD with 10% Sn concentration can give responsivity of 1.55 A/W, detectivity of 6.12×1010 cmHz½W-1 at 2 µm wavelength, and ~97 GHz BW. Therefore, this optimally designed GeSn WGPD is a potential candidate for silicon photonic EPICs offering high-speed optical communications.
The Influence Of Work Stress and Work-Life Balance On Employee Job Satisfaction
Authors: Mutiara Rizky Febriani  , Agung Wahyu Handaru  , Sholikhah
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research are: To analyze and find out 1) The description of work stress, work-life balance, and employee job satisfaction of PT Taspen (Persero) Indonesia, 2) The influence of work stress on employee job satisfaction of PT Taspen (Persero) Indonesia, 3) The influence of work-life balance on employee job satisfaction of PT Taspen (Persero) Indonesia, 4) The research model of work stress and work-life balance in predicting employee job satisfaction of PT Taspen (Persero) Indonesia. This research was conducted on 199 employees of PT Taspen (Persero) Indonesia. Data collection techniques used interview and survey methods by distributing questionnaires which are then processed using the SPSS 21 program. This research used descriptive and causal analysis. The results of regression indicate that there is a negative and significant effect between work stress on employee job satisfaction, there is a positive and significant effect between work-life balance on employee job satisfaction.
The Effect of Work Environment and Work Discipline on Employee Performance at PT. X
Authors: Ovi Ovi Levia Arista , Agung Wahyu Handaru  , Sholikhah
Published: April 2022

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Work Environment and Work Discipline on Employee Performance at PT. X. The subject of this research is PT. X, a company engaged in housing construction located in Bogor. The population of this study was 101 people, and the sampling method used was saturated sampling, so the number of samples in this study was also 101 people. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis method in analyzing the research data. The results showed that the work environment and work discipline had a significant positive effect on employee performance, either partially or simultaneously.Keywords: Work Environment, Work Discipline, Employee Performance
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих озабоченность (VOC) на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 23.04.2022 г. по 29.04.2022 г.
Authors: Дмитриева Людмила , Краснов Ярослав , Чумачкова Елена , Осина Наталья , Зимирова Анастасия , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: April 2022

В обзоре представлена информация по актуальным геновариантам вируса SARS-COV-2 VOC, размещенным в международной базе данных GISAID
Failure Characteristics of Rock Sample during Penetration Tests with the Assistance of Different Free Surface Combinations
Authors: Xu Futong , Lu Jingjing , Zhou Hui , Xiao Jiancheng , Gao Yang
Published: April 2022

Free surface-assisted TBM disc cutter for rock breaking is an important direction for the optimizing of TBM cutter structure. To study the influence of free surface on TBM excavation, the free surfaces of limited-width opening and unlimited-width opening were presented, and six different free surface combinations were proposed. The penetration tests of sandstone with different free surface combinations were carried out. The results showed that the rock mass adjacent to the free surface of unlimited-width opening fell off after sample fracture. The rock mass adjacent to the free surface of limited-width opening caused the free surface to close after the rock broke. Under different free surface combinations, the auxiliary effect for rock breaking was not obvious when the free surface depth was shallow, and the failure morphology of the sample changed from vertical splitting to inclined fracture with the increase of free surface depth. The free surface-assisted rock-breaking method can reduce energy consumption during rock breaking. Among all combinations, the cumulative energy before peak load of the SDL sample dropped the most to 37.62% of the intact sample. Finally, the free surface combinations can affect the design of the cutter layout of TBM.
New Robust Model to Evaluate the Total Organic Carbon Using Artificial Neural Networks and Spectral Gamma-Ray
Authors: Siddig Osama , Mahmoud Ahmed Abdulhamid , Elkatatny Salaheldin
Published: April 2022

Total organic carbon (TOC) is the amount of carbon present in the formation, which is an important criterion for assessing unconventional shale resources. Current TOC determination methods rely on time-consuming laboratory tests or empirical correlations created on the basis of assumptions that limit their application. Using artificial neural networks (ANN), a new robust model for TOC estimate based on traditional well logs was constructed in this study.

In this study, 891 TOC data points at different depths and their corresponding well logs of deep resistivity, gamma ray, sonic transit time, and bulk density and spectral logs collected to train the model, and then tested on 291 different data points. The ANN model was optimized for the different design parameters using inserted for loops in Matlab. The optimized model was then validated in another unseen 82 data points.

The average absolute percentage error (AAPE) and correlation coefficient (R) between the measured and the ANN-based TOC were used to evaluate the models. With R values higher than 0.93 and AAPE values less than 14%, the new model produced an outstanding agreement with the real TOC values. The model surpassed the available empirical correlations in the validation dataset, resulting in lower than 10% AAPE, compared to more than 20% AAPE in other models. As a result of these findings, all of the correlation's parameters are reported, allowing it to be used to a variety of datasets. The novelty of this new research is the simplicity and high accuracy of the developed model on estimating the TOC based on available well log data.
Surface roughness prediction for turning based on the corrected subsection theoretical model
Authors: Lu Juan , Wang Xin , Chen Shaoxin , Liao Xiaoping , Chen Kai
Published: April 2022

In order to obtain the accurate prediction model of surface roughness in precision machining processes, this paper researches the subsection theoretical model for surface roughness in turning built by our research group, which considers feed rate, nose radius and tool minor cutting edge angle, and proposes two error correction models of the subsection theoretical model for improving theoretical model accuracy. The prediction performance of two error correction models is evaluated by 25 groups of turning data. The experimental results show that two error correction models have excellent prediction performance and significantly improve the prediction accuracy and stability of the subsection theoretical model. Moreover, the influence of turning parameters and tool geometry on surface roughness based on the three models, and the advantages and disadvantages of three models in prediction performance and test cost are analyzed, which provide an effective guidance for selection of parameters and the prediction model of surface roughness in the actual turning.
Performance of dexterous object manipulation is enhanced by grasp force modulation
Authors: Wu Yen-Hsun , Santello Marco
Published: April 2022

Dexterous manipulation relies on the ability to attain two goals: controlling object position and orientation (pose) and preventing object slip. Although manipulation has been extensively studied, previous work focused on the control of digit forces for slip prevention. Therefore, how digit forces are coordinated to simultaneously prevent slip and control pose remains unknown. We developed a task requiring subjects to lift an object at different grip configurations while preventing it from tilting. We then mathematically decomposed digit forces into manipulation and grasp forces for pose control and slip prevention, respectively. We found that exertion of seemingly excessive grasp force was instrumental in enhancing manipulation performance. This novel phenomenon was more pronounced at the onset of lift than during hold, underscoring anticipatory mechanisms of pose control before feedback is acquired following object lift. Our approach and findings open new research avenues for investigating neural mechanisms underlying dexterous manipulation and clinical applications.
Safety and benefits of major hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection in older perihilar cholangiocarcinoma patients
Authors: Maeda Koki , Kuriyama Naohisa , Ito Takahiro , Gyoten Kazuyuki , Hayasaki Aoi , Fujii Takehiro , Iizawa Yusuke , Murata Yasuhiro , Tanemura Akihiro , Kishiwada Masashi , Mizuno Shugo
Published: April 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and benefits of major hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection in older perihilar cholangiocarcinoma patients and to identify possible predictors of surgical mortality.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 102 consecutive patients who underwent major hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma in our institution between 2004 and 2021. The patients were included and divided into two groups: older patients ≥75 years, and non-older patients <75 years. Patient characteristics, preoperative nutritional and operative risk scores, intraoperative details, postoperative outcomes, and long-term prognosis were compared between the groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the predictors of 90-day mortality after major hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection.Results: Significant differences were identified for some preoperative surgical risk scores, but not for nutritional scores. Older patients had a higher morbidity rate of respiratory complications (p=0.016), but there were no significant differences in overall (p=0.735) or disease-specific survival (p=0.858). A high Dasari’s score was identified as an independent predictive factor of 90-day mortality.Conclusions: The safety and benefits of major hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection were comparable for older and non-older patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Dasari’s preoperative risk score may be a good predictor of 90-day mortality.
Exploring Knowledge of Parents about Cancer Symptoms in Children: An Observational Study Regarding the Need for Education Tools and Health Promotion in Low- and Middle- Income Countries
Authors: Uribe-Ortiz Leslie V. , Garza-Ornelas Bárbara M. , Vázquez-Fernández Ana C. , Castorena-Torres Fabiola , Rodríguez-De-Ita Julieta
Published: April 2022

Background: Although most cases of childhood cancer are unlikely to be prevented, by today's standards most children with cancer can now be cured. Yet, disparities about survival exist among countries; in Mexico, the overall survival is 49.6%, with 70% of childhood cancers diagnosed at advanced stages. It is essential that parents and caregivers have optimal knowledge of early signs and symptoms of childhood malignancies, as these are largely non-specific. The objective of this study was to explore the current knowledge of childhood cancer among a population of parents and caregivers in Mexico and identify the need for education and health promotion that low- and middle-income countries have.Methods: An online survey of 112 parents and caregivers was conducted to assess their knowledge of childhood cancer, focusing on signs and symptoms and early diagnostic strategies.Results: Sixty-nine (61.6%) mothers, 23 (20.5%) fathers, 17 (15.2%) familiar caregivers, and 3 (2.7%) non-familiar caregivers responded. Forty-six (41.1%) said they know a child diagnosed with cancer, 92.9% mentioned leukemia as the most common type of cancer in children, the most highly ranked option when asked which sign/symptom they considered as a warning for suspicion was swelling/lump in any part of the body, 97.3% considered that an early diagnosis is related to a higher cure rate, and 92.9% expressed the desire to receive reliable information about childhood cancer.Conclusions: While parents and caregivers have some knowledge of childhood cancer, there are concepts that still need to be reinforced to improve their understanding of this group of diseases, as they are the frontline for children to seek medical attention. In the future, the use of tools that help in the education of a greater number of caregivers will strengthen knowledge and contribution regarding this issue, as well as promoting the generation of public policies that support the early diagnosis of childhood cancer.
Fur glowing under ultraviolet: in situ analysis of porphyrin accumulation in the skin appendages of mammals
Authors: Toussaint Séverine , Ponstein Jasper , Thoury Mathieu , Métivier Rémi , Kalthoff Daniela , Habermeyer Benoît , Guilard Roger , Bock Steffen , Mortensen Peter , Sandberg Sverre , Gueriau Pierre , Amson Eli
Published: April 2022

Examples of photoluminescence (PL) are being reported with increasing frequency in a wide range of organisms from diverse ecosystems. However, the chemical basis of this PL remains poorly defined, and our understanding of its potential ecological function is still superficial. Amongst mammals, recent analyses have identified free-base porphyrins as the compounds responsible for the reddish ultraviolet-induced photoluminescence (UV-PL) observed in the pelage of springhares and hedgehogs. However, the localization of the pigments within the hair largely remains to be determined. Here we use photoluminescence multispectral imaging emission and excitation spectroscopy to detect, map and characterize porphyrinic compounds in skin appendages in situ. We also document new cases of mammalian UV-PL caused by free-base porphyrins in distantly related species. Spatial distribution of the UV-PL is strongly suggestive of an endogenous origin of the porphyrinic compounds. We argue that reddish UV-PL is predominantly observed in crepuscular and nocturnal mammals because porphyrins are photodegradable. Consequently, this phenomenon may not have a specific function in intra- or interspecific communication but rather represents a byproduct of potentially widespread physiological processes.Co-first authors: Séverine Toussaint and Jasper Ponstein
Ancient Trade Corridor Tamralipti and Bengal’s Glory (200 BCE–700 CE)
Authors:   Department of History, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Akhtar Sharmin , Idris Hanizah ,   Department of Southeast Asian Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: April 2022

Tamralipti was a port of ancient Bengal used as a corridor for international trade and it played a critical role in bringing fame and glory to Bengal. This study investigates the role of this port that contributed towards the socioeconomic and sociocultural supremacy from 200 BCE to 700 CE. Archaeological remains proved the trade contacts of this port with several domestic and foreign geographical entities such as Southeast Asia, China and Rome. The sequential dominance and fame of this port aided to enrich the society and structure the trade-related social classes in ancient Bengal until the deterioration and decline of this port after the seventh century CE. The study employs a qualitative method using historical research that focuses on ancient texts, archaeological findings and reports as primary sources. The information gathered from field visits and published literature is also consulted through archival and library research. The result of this study reveals the leading role of Tamralipti as a corridor that signifies the image of Bengal concerning political, economic and sociocultural aspects.
Evaluation models for the impact of pricing factor on environmental performance in different countries
Authors: Apalkova Viktoriia , Tsyganov Sergiy , Meshko Nataliia , Tsyganova Nadiia , Apalkov Serhii
Published: April 2022

The need to increase the price of non-green, carbon-emitting goods, as well as the application of new environmental taxes and fees to help solving the global climate crisis, has been actively discussed. However, price is not only a strong impetus for market development, but it can also restrain growth. The price level and population purchasing power belong to the key indexes that define the market capacities in different countries. This paper aims to investigate the impact of income inequality, including price levels and purchasing power, on environmental performance in different countries. The research method is based on RapidMiner’s machine learning programs, applying three modeling algorithms: correlation, clustering, and decision trees with a static index database of more than 150 countries around the world. The results obtained partially confirm the conclusions made by other researchers studying the Environmental Kuznets concept (EKC) effects. In particular, it was found that an important factor influencing the efficiency of the environment in the country’s ecosystem is the level of population’s income. The analysis also shows that environmental performance is strongly dependent on domestic price levels. This may support the hypothesis that the cost of green goods reflects a high benchmark for natural resource costs. However, further research is needed, including such directions as sources of financing for the implementation of circular projects, as well as the associated economic and environmental effects.
Os significados do processo sucessório em uma organização familiar: uma análise a partir do conceito bourdieusiano de conatus
Authors: Volta Carolina Lescura Carvalho de Castro , Borges Alex Fernando , Cappelle Mônica Carvalho Alves
Published: April 2022

A sucessão constitui um dos tópicos mais estudados sobre organizações familiares. Contudo, a maioria das pesquisas se concentra em explorar a dimensão instrumental desses processos, cedendo pouca atenção aos aspectos subjetivos, emocionais e afetivos da dimensão familiar. Isso motivou a construção deste trabalho, que associa a teoria de empresas familiares com a abordagem de Bourdieu. O objetivo deste artigo consiste em compreender os significados que os herdeiros de um grupo organizacional familiar atribuem ao conatus. O conceito de conatus refere-se a um projeto cultivado pela família que deve ser perpetuado para as futuras gerações. Os resultados explicitam a reprodução do conatus, à medida que alguns indivíduos lutam pela conservação e outros pela transformação do projeto familiar. Essas disputas geram uma instabilidade para a organização, trazendo incertezas ao seu futuro, o que permite colocar em perspectiva a relevância do conceito de conatus para a compreensão da dinâmica da sucessão em organizações familiares.
In Silico and In Vitro Screening of Novel Pyridazine Analogs as Muscle
Relaxant Agent on Acetylcholine Muscarinic Receptor
Authors: Malik Aamir , Mishra Rakhi , Mazumder Rupa , Mazumder Avijit , Garg Ketki
Published: April 2022

Background::

Among Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, pyridazine derivatives
serve as a necessary scaffold as they possess various pharmacological activities. Thus, in recent times, the
design of novel synthetic schemes and the selection of a new target for the action of pyridazine derivatives
have attracted the attention of researchers.

Objective::

This study has focused on synthesizing and evaluating the muscle relaxant activity of pyridazine
analogs by in-silico screening and rotarod test.

Methods:

In the present work, pyridazine derivatives were synthesized from substituted pyridine and
maleic anhydride yielding intermediates (1a-5a), which on reaction with hydrazine, yielded final pyridazine
derivatives (1b-5b). They were then screened for muscle relaxant action by an in-silico docking
study against muscarinic acetylcholine receptors with protein data bank ID: 5CXV with the use of Autodock
4.2 and Biovia discovery studio tools. Compounds were further tested for muscle relaxant activity
by the rotarod test.

Results:

Synthesis of the designed compounds was carried out successfully. Obtained result showed that
the final compounds (1b-5b) showed 1-3 interactions with acetylcholine muscarinic receptor with -7.2 to
-7.9 Kcal/mole affinities. The findings were compared to the typical drug diazepam, which has one interaction
with the target and binding energy of -7.7 Kcal/mole. Moreover, the result of the rotarod test
showed that substitution by electron-withdrawing groups causes more muscle relaxant activity when
compared with the electron releasing groups.

Conclusion::

The results of the experimental study showed that pyridazine derivatives could serve as a
promising template for the further design and development of muscle relaxant agents.
In silico Exploration of Dakshina Kannada Medicinal Plants as Anti-
SARS-CoV-2 Agents by Molecular Docking and Simulation Approaches
Authors: James Jainey P. , Jyothi Divya , Devaraji Vinod , Priya Sneh
Published: April 2022

Aims:

The rich ethnomedicinal practices of Dakshina Kannada have received considerable
attention, and many treatment methods have been documented. This work aimed to explore the traditional
medicinal plants originating from Dakshina Kannada for their anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity by employing in
silico methodologies.

Methods:

Virtual screening of Dakshina Kannada's plants was conducted, which are known for their antiviral
activities. Potent plants were shortlisted as Tinospora cordifolia, Nyctanthes arbortristis, Bacopa
monnieri, Bombax ceiba, and Curcuma longa based on molecular docking scores. Among these, the active
plant Tinospora cordifolia possessed the most potent phytochemicals. Molecular dynamics (MD)
simulation and MM/GBSA calculations have been performed on cordifolioside A, syringin, and cordioside.

Results:

Initially, the selected plants were docked into the active site of SARS-CoV-2 protein. MD simulations
were performed to investigate the various conformations and validate the docking results, revealing
that cordifolioside A and syringin were more stable than cordioside. The stability of the phytoconstituents
in complex with SARS-CoV-2 protein was steady throughout the 100 ns simulation time. Finally,
the binding free energies were calculated using the MM/GBSA method. The pharmacophore model has
confirmed the hydrogen bond interactions, and PASS prediction determined their antiviral activities.

Conclusion:

Thus, the present study identified the most potent plant from Dakshina Kannada against the
SARS-CoV-2 virus as Tinospora cordifolia with powerful phytochemicals (cordifolioside A, syringin and
cordioside). Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to provide experimental data to
develop anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
An Insight into Osmotic Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Piplani Mona , Bhateja Pankaj , Asija Rajesh , Singh Yogendra
Published: April 2022

The dosing pattern of the conventional drug delivery system results in continuously changing
and unpredictable plasma concentrations as this system has modest control on the release of the drug
along with almost negligible effectual concentration near the site of interest. The problems coupled with
conventional drug delivery can be triumphed over by employing osmotic drug delivery systems, which
are one of the most budding strategies utilizing osmotic pressure to release active pharmaceutical ingredients
in an optimized manner at a controlled rate. Various formulation parameters which influence the
release of drugs from these systems include osmotic pressure wielded by the core components, the drug’s
solubility, and the size of the delivery orifice in conjunction with the characteristics of the semipermeable
membrane. However, it is completely autonomous of the gastrointestinal tract’s anatomical environment
and concomitant meal ingestion. The aim of this manuscript is to study the earlier osmotic pumps, their
working principles, along with their limitations, and novel approaches having significant benefits over
older ones. The current manuscript covers all the aspects of the osmotic drug delivery system, including
its principle of osmosis, the historical background, its advantages and disadvantages, basic components,
various factors influencing its design, its various types, and evaluation parameters. Novel approaches to
osmotic drug delivery systems along with future prospective have also been described.
A Review on Medicinally Important Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Qadir Tanzeela , Amin Andleeb , Sharma Praveen Kumar , Jeelani Ishtiaq , Abe Hitoshi
Published: April 2022

Heterocyclic compounds account for the most prominent and diverse class of organic compounds. A significant number of heterocyclic compounds have been synthesized up to this point. Heterocyclic compounds are rapidly increasing in number due to extensive synthetic research and also their synthetic utility. Such compounds have a wide range of uses in the field of medicinal chemistry. Dyestuff, sanitizers, corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, and copolymer synthesis are additional well-known applications. There are always distinguishing characteristics of an efficient approach for producing newly discovered heterocyclic compounds and their moieties. According to prior research, more than 90% of medicines containing heterocyclic compounds have been developed after the obtainment of a thorough scientific grasp of the biological system. It was discovered in the neoteric developments of heterocyclic compounds that these play a vital role in curative chemistry, and exert anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiallergic, antibacterial, anti-HIV, antiviral, anti-convulsant, and other biological activities. The present article provides detailed information regarding such heterocyclic compounds.
Research on the Influence of High-Low Pressure-Volume Ratio and Discharge Pressure on the Heating Performance of Transcritical CO2 Single-
Machine Two-Stage Compression Heat Pump Water Heater
Authors: Yang Wenting , Liu Yefeng , Hu Jiwei , Wang Yuqing , Zhang Hua
Published: April 2022

Background:

In order to reduce global carbon emissions, a cross-critical CO2 singlemachine
two-stage compression system was proposed. Due to the characteristics of cooling on the
high-pressure side of the cross-critical cycle and bipolar compression on the single-stage, the discharge
pressure and the high-low pressure volume ratio have a great influence on its heating performance.

Objective:

The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of high-low pressure-volume ratio and
discharge pressure on the heating performance of the system, so as to obtain the optimal operating
conditions of the system.

Methods:

By constructing theoretical calculation formula of discharge pressure, high-low pressurevolume
ratio and intermediate pressure, combined with experiments.

Results:

Under certain working conditions, with the increase of the volume ratio of high-low pressure,
the intermediate pressure increases, the heating capacity of the system increases due to the increase of
the discharge temperature and the increase of the heat exchange temperature difference on the hot water
side, while the heating performance coefficient decreases slowly because the rate of the increase of
the power consumption of the compressor is greater than the rate of the increase of heating capacity.
With the increase of discharge pressure, the increasing rate of CO2 discharge temperature will gradually
decrease at the high-pressure side, so the heating capacity of the system increases rapidly first and
then tends to slow down, and the heating performance coefficient increases first and then decreases.
There is an optimal value, that is, when the evaporation temperature is -20 °C, the maximum heating
capacity can reach 3 kW. The system heat production performance coefficient has an optimal value of
3.29, and the optimal discharge pressure is 8.5 MPa. The optimal discharge pressure will increase with
the increase of evaporation temperature.

Conclusion:

The selection of reasonable high-low pressure volume ratio and the control of discharge
pressure can effectively improve the heating performance of cross-critical CO2 single-machine twostage
compression heat pump water heater.
A CASE STUDY FOR EVALUATING SCIENTIFIC REASONING SKILLS TRAINING PROGRAM
Authors: Kocagül Merve , Ünal Çoban Gül
Published: April 2022

Current educational reforms consider scientific reasoning skills as significant to engage students into generate scientific explanations. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a teacher-training program, which is based on gaining knowledge, instructional strategies and skills for science teachers to promote students’ scientific reasoning skills. The participants of this research, which was in holistic single case study design, were an in-service science teacher who had attended to Scientific Reasoning Skills Training Program (SRSTP) and his thirty-two 5th grade students. Teaching Scientific Reasoning Skills Observation Form (TSROF), and Force and Motion Scientific Reasoning Skills Test (FMSRT) were used as data collection tools. Results indicated that the trained teacher showed success at the rate of maximum %61,06 of observed phenomena with %47,76 of them in behaviors dimension and the students showed significant developments both in total score of FMSRT and especially in inductive, deductive, causal, analogical reasoning skills and control of variables strategy.
BİR ORMAN OKULU UYGULAMASININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Kanyılmaz Canlı Elif Süreyya , Temel Fulya
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmada, alan yazın taranarak hazırlanan ve uygulanan 10 haftalık Orman Okulu Eğitim Planının (OOEP) değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. OOEP, çocuk, öğretmen ve program olmak üzere 3 farklı açıdan değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma grubunu Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Anaokulu’nda eğitim gören 5-6 yaş arası çocuklar (n=35) ve öğretmenleri (n=1) oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada amaçlı örnekleme yolu seçilmiştir ve temel nitel araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verilerini, her çocukla her hafta yapılan birebir görüşmeler (f=10), öğretmenleriyle uygulama sonunda yapılan değerlendirme görüşmesi (f=1) ve araştırmacının doküman olarak ele aldığı eğitim planı oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın güvenirliği için veri üçgenleme kullanılmış ve kodlayıcılar arası görüş birliği (%95) sağlanmıştır. Bulgulara göre, fiziksel ve duyuşsal alan olmak üzere iki tema elde edilmiştir. Bu temalar doğrultusunda, OOEP’in kazanımları değerlendirildiğinde fiziksel ve duyuşsal alanla ilgili kazanımların dengeli olduğu ancak, çocukların hatırladıkları, zorlandıkları, ilgilerini çeken, eğlendikleri ve yapmak istedikleri etkinlikler olarak, daha az duyuşsal alanla ilgili etkinlikleri (Keşif, Doğayla bağ kurma, Rahatlama), daha çok fiziksel alanla ilgili etkinlikleri (Alet kullanma, Büyük kas motor aktivite, Yapı-İnşa, Farklı Materyal, Duyusal Deneyim) ifade ettikleri görülmüştür. Öğretmenin ifade ettiği tüm kazanımlarınsa duyuşsal alanla ilgili olduğu (doğaya saygı, özgürlük, mutluluk, sınırlarını tanıma, kendini ifade, risk yönetimi, özgüven, sebat, paylaşma, sorumluluk vb.) dikkat çekmiştir.
Trauma and Recovery: A Psychoanalytic Study of Gharbi Mustafa's When Mountains Weep
Authors: Mohammed Araz Ahmed
Published: April 2022

This study investigates traumatic experiences of the main character in Gharbi M. Mustafa’s novel When Mountains Weep, based on Judith Herman’s conceptualization of trauma in her book Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. Being on the road, Kurds are either internally displaced, migrating, or oppressed and assimilated politically. The prevention of language, confiscation of land, forced assimilation, and constant armed conflicts have made Kurds develop a traumatic cognitive and emotional response to the meaning of life, anguish, integration, and survival. Therefore, the paper studies the traumatic  consequences on the main characters’ psyches, in particular Hamko, based on three symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder which are hyperarousal, intrusion, and constriction. Threatened by tumultuous circumstances and trapped on mountain peaks, the paper argues that generations of Kurds have lost sense of childhood and innocence growing up either as refugees or living in their own landlocked mountains.
The Role of Online Support Groups in Helping Individuals Affected by HIV and AIDS: Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Coulson Neil S , Buchanan Heather
Published: April 2022

Background

Online support groups provide opportunities for individuals affected by HIV and AIDS to seek information, advice, and support from peers. However, whether and how engagement with online support groups helps individuals affected by HIV and AIDS remains unclear, as does the nature of the evidence on this topic.

Objective

This scoping review sought to explore whether engagement with HIV and AIDS–related online support groups benefits members in terms of psychosocial well-being and illness management, whether members experienced any negative aspects of these groups, and what types of social support are exchanged within HIV and AIDS–related online support groups.

Methods

A scoping review of English-language articles (including both qualitative and quantitative studies) was undertaken using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The databases searched included MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CENTRAL (Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials), and Scopus. Key findings were synthesized using a narrative and thematic approach.

Results

A total of 22 papers met the inclusion criteria from an initial pool of 3332 abstracts. These papers included 23% (5/22) quantitative studies, 9% (2/22) mixed methods studies, and 68% (15/22) qualitative studies published between 2007 and 2019. Cross-sectional evidence suggests that engagement with HIV and AIDS–related online support groups is empowering for members and may lead to a range of psychosocial benefits. Furthermore, qualitative evidence suggests that these groups provide an opportunity to connect with similar people and share experiences. This can help improve self-worth, reduce stigma, facilitate improved illness management, and gain greater confidence when interacting with health professionals. However, online support groups are not without their limitations as qualitative evidence suggests that users may encounter examples of interpersonal conflict between members as well as be exposed to challenging content. Finally, HIV and AIDS–related online support groups are avenues through which individuals can solicit support, most commonly informational or emotional.

Conclusions

HIV and AIDS–related online support groups may have some benefits for members, particularly in terms of providing social support. There is a need for a systematic review of this literature that includes an assessment of the methodological quality of the available evidence.
COVID-19 News and Its Association With the Mental Health of Sexual and Gender Minority Adults: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Clark Kristen D , Lunn Mitchell R , Sherman Athena D F , Bosley Hannah G , Lubensky Micah E , Obedin-Maliver Juno , Dastur Zubin , Flentje Annesa
Published: April 2022

Background

Sexual and gender minority (SGM; people whose sexual orientation is not heterosexual or whose gender identity varies from what is traditionally associated with the sex assigned to them at birth) people experience high rates of trauma and substantial disparities in anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Exposure to traumatic stressors such as news related to COVID-19 may be associated with symptoms of anxiety and PTSD.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the relationship of COVID-19 news exposure with anxiety and PTSD symptoms in a sample of SGM adults in the United States.

Methods

Data were collected between March 23 and August 2, 2020, from The PRIDE Study, a national longitudinal cohort study of SGM people. Regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between self-reported news exposure and symptoms of anxiety using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and symptoms of COVID-19–related PTSD using the Impact of Events Scale-Revised.

Results

Our sample included a total of 3079 SGM participants. Each unit increase in COVID-19–related news exposure was associated with greater anxiety symptoms (odds ratio 1.77, 95% CI 1.63-1.93; P<.001) and 1.93 greater odds of PTSD (95% CI 1.74-2.14; P<.001).

Conclusions

Our study found that COVID-19 news exposure was positively associated with greater symptoms of anxiety and PTSD among SGM people. This supports previous literature in other populations where greater news exposure was associated with poorer mental health. Further research is needed to determine the direction of this relationship and to evaluate for differences among SGM subgroups with multiple marginalized identities.