bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Development and Assessment of Crayons that Produce Textured Lines for Individuals Who Are Visually Impaired
Authors: Kandalam Suraj , Ferro Tyler , Pawluk Dianne T. V.
Published: April 2019

Introduction:

This article describes the development and initial assessment of a set of tactile crayons that can produce different textured lines and areas on standard paper.

Method:

An assessment of the need for tactile crayons was performed through the use of surveys and focus groups from which a set of six tactile crayons was developed. Development was focused on being able to differentiate the crayons along the texture dimensions of sticky or slippery, rough or smooth, and hard or soft in informal dimensional analysis. Preliminary discrimination testing was performed to determine the viability of the six selected crayons. The main assessment determined whether individuals were able to identify each of the crayons by number from feeling scribbles on paper.

Results:

User needs assessment showed that many practitioners felt the development of tactile crayons would aid in teaching and fill a needs gap. The participants were able to discriminate the six crayons with a mean accuracy (standard error) of 77% (4%), and of those six, they could identify the four most easily discriminable with 86% (3%) accuracy.

Discussion:

Many families and teachers showed interest in the potential of tactile crayons as a learning tool. Four of the six tactile crayons were both highly discriminable and identifiable by adults who are visually impaired. This finding shows promise for discriminability and identifiability of these crayons by children who are visually impaired and their potential as a learning tool in both formal and informal learning environments.

Implications for practitioners:

The use of the developed tactile crayons has the potential to aid childhood development and student learning. In addition, the use of the crayons by teachers could help reduce the time needed to produce tactile diagrams.
Shaping the Body Politic: Mass Media Fat-Shaming Affects Implicit Anti-Fat Attitudes
Authors: Ravary Amanda , Baldwin Mark W. , Bartz Jennifer A.
Published: April 2019

The human psyche is profoundly shaped by its cultural milieu; however, few studies have examined the dynamics of cultural influence in everyday life, especially when it comes to shaping people’s automatic, implicit attitudes. In this quasi-experimental field study, we investigated the effect of transient, but salient, cultural messages—the pop-cultural phenomenon of celebrity “fat-shaming”—on implicit anti-fat attitudes in the population. Adopting the “copycat suicide” methodology, we identified 20 fat-shaming events in the media; next, we obtained data from Project Implicit of participants who had completed the Weight Implicit Association Test from 2004 to 2015. As predicted, fat-shaming led to a spike in women’s (N=93,239) implicit anti-fat attitudes, with events of greater notoriety producing greater spikes. We also observed a general increase in implicit anti-fat attitudes over time. Although these passing comments may appear harmless, we show that feedback at the cultural level can be registered by the “body politic.”
WITHDRAWN—Administrative Duplicate Publication: TASC in St. Gwladys Primary School (Wales, UK)
Authors: Evans Kathryn
Published: April 2019

Evans K (2019). TASC in St. Gwladys Primary School (Wales, UK). Gifted Education International. Epub ahead of print: 15 April 2019.

Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher.

Due to an administrative error, this article was accidentally published twice Online First with different DOIs.

The correct and citable version of the article remains:

Wallace B, Humphries W and Evans K (2019) On demonstrating the development of the Thinking Actively in a Social Context (TASC) problem-solving approach in schools in South Wales (UK). Gifted Education International 35(2): 152–160. DOI: 10.1177/0261429419839380
Can the functional impact of childhood visual impairment be assessed? A preliminary trial of VIS-Ability
Authors: Silveira Susan L , Cantle Moore Robyn
Published: April 2019

It is accepted that support for children with visual impairment should aim at mitigating for the functional impact experienced. Assessment for support should focus on this functional impact. However, it is now common practice that children in Australia are assessed in clinical environments that do not adequately reflect a child’s everyday functional performance. This article presents a preliminary trial that investigated VIS-Ability – a new approach aimed at identifying behaviours that indicate the functional impact of childhood visual impairment. VIS-Ability is a tool that derived from an e-Delphi study in which professionals experienced in the management of children with visual impairment identified four key areas related to functional impact. The behaviours believed to indicate this impact were also identified and included in VIS-Ability, as simple statements that questioned impact on use of vision in the immediate environment, on spontaneous and continuous use of vision, and on coordination of vision with other tasks. A total of 12 children with visual impairment and no additional disabilities consented to participate in the VIS-Ability preliminary trial. All participants completed VIS-Ability (based on behaviours), and an aggregated result was then compared to the child’s performance on a validated, self-reported (activity-based) questionnaire named the Functional Vision Questionnaire for Children and Young People, 36 items (FVQ_CYP 36). When participant results on VIS-Ability were compared to FVQ_CYP (36) scores, an association between the assessment of functional impact made by each instrument (VIS-Ability: FVQ_CYP 36) was evident. Support systems for children with visual impairment must be founded in assessment that reveals the child’s true needs. The preliminary trial presented a new approach to identifying functional impact named VIS-Ability, an approach that identifies impact through the presence of behaviours rather than clinical measurements. Further evaluation of VIS-Ability will reveal whether this approach assists with the development of better clinical and educational understanding of childhood visual impairment.
A secondary analysis of data from the OPTICARE randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of extended cardiac rehabilitation on functional capacity, fatigue, and participation in society
Authors: ter Hoeve Nienke , Sunamura Madoka , Stam Henk J , van Domburg Ron T , van den Berg-Emons Rita JG
Published: April 2019

Objective:

In this secondary analysis of data from the OPTICARE trial, we compared the effects of two behavioral interventions integrated into cardiac rehabilitation to standard rehabilitation with regard to functional capacity, fatigue, and participation in society.

Design:

This is a randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

This study was conducted in a cardiac rehabilitation setting.

Subjects:

A total of 740 patients with acute coronary syndrome were recruited for this study.

Interventions:

Patients were randomized to (1) three months of standard rehabilitation; (2) cardiac rehabilitation plus nine months after-care with face-to-face group lifestyle counseling; or (3) cardiac rehabilitation plus nine months after-care with individual lifestyle telephone counseling.

Main measures:

Functional capacity (6-minute walk test), fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale), and participation in society (Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation) were measured at randomization, 3, 12, and 18 months.

Results:

Additional face-to-face sessions resulted at 12 months in 12.49 m more on the 6-minute walk test compared to standard rehabilitation ( P = .041). This difference was no longer present at 18 months. Prevalence of fatigue decreased from 30.2% at baseline to 11.9% at 18 months compared to an improvement from 37.3% to 24.9% after standard rehabilitation (between-group difference: odds ratio = 0.47; P = .010). The additional improvements in functional capacity seemed to be mediated by increases in daily physical activity. No mediating effects were found for fatigue. No additional improvements were seen for participation in society. Additional telephonic sessions did not result in additional intervention effects.

Conclusion:

Extending cardiac rehabilitation with a face-to-face behavioral intervention resulted in additional long-term improvements in fatigue and small improvements in functional capacity up to 12 months. A telephonic behavioral intervention provided no additional benefits.
Perceived Stress Moderates the Impact of Internalizing Symptoms on Family Functioning in Early Adolescence
Authors: Simpson Emily G. , Vannucci Anna , Lincoln Courtney R. , Ohannessian Christine McCauley
Published: April 2019

This study investigates the impact of early adolescent internalizing symptoms on family functioning for girls and boys, as moderated by perceived stress. Surveys were administered to 1,344 middle school students (11-14 years; 51% girls; 51% non-Hispanic White) in the fall of 2016 (T1) and 6 months later in the spring of 2017 (T2). For boys, depressive symptoms predicted less family conflict only among those with low stress. For girls, depressive symptoms predicted less adolescent-mother communication among those with low stress, but more communication among those with high stress. Also for girls, anxiety predicted more family cohesion in girls with low stress, but less cohesion among those with high stress. Finally, anxiety predicted less adolescent-father communication only among girls with low stress. Findings underscore the complex role that perceived stress plays when considering the impact of internalizing symptoms on family functioning in early adolescent girls and boys.
Prognostic value of lateral spread response during microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm
Authors: Song Hongmei , Xu Songbai , Fan Xiushuang , Yu Mingxin , Feng Jiachun , Sun Lichao
Published: April 2019

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the lateral spread response (LSR) for predicting surgical outcomes following microvascular decompression (MVD) in patients with hemifacial spasm.

Methods

Seventy-three patients with hemifacial spasm underwent MVD with intraoperative LSR monitoring. Surgical outcomes were evaluated 1 week and 1 year after MVD and correlations between LSR characteristics and surgical outcomes were analyzed.

Results

The LSR disappeared completely in 61 patients during surgery (Group A; prior to insertion of Teflon felt pledgets in 11, after insertion of pledgets in 50), disappeared partially in nine patients (Group B), and remained unchanged in three patients (Group C). Fifty-five patients showed short-term and 61 patients showed long-term clinical cures during the follow-up period. The short-term and long-term cure rates were significantly higher in Group A than in Group C. There was no correlation between the time of complete LSR disappearance and surgical outcomes.

Conclusions

Disappearance of the LSR during MVD is correlated with the surgical outcomes. Intraoperative LSR monitoring is a reliable approach for predicting the prognosis of hemifacial spasm following MVD, but the time at which LSR disappears is not a prognostic indicator.
Does cognitive dysfunction correlate with neurofilament light polypeptide levels in the CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis?
Authors: Kalatha Thaleia , Arnaoutoglou Marianthi , Koukoulidis Theodoros , Hatzifilippou Eleni , Bouras Emmanouil , Baloyannis Stavros , Koutsouraki Effrosyni
Published: April 2019

Objective

To investigate whether neurofilament light polypeptide (NfL) level in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), currently a prognostic biomarker of neurodegeneration in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), may be a potential biomarker of cognitive dysfunction in MS.

Methods

This observational case–control study included patients with MS. CSF levels of NfL were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cognitive function was measured with the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) battery and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT3), standardized to the Greek population.

Results

Of 39 patients enrolled (aged 42.7 ± 13.6 years), 36% were classified as cognitively impaired according to BICAMS z-scores (–0.34 ± 1.13). Relapsing MS was significantly better than progressive forms regarding BICAMS z-score (mean difference [MD] 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54, 2.24), Symbol Digit Modality Test score (MD 1.73; 95% CI 0.46, 3.0) and Greek Verbal Learning Test (MD 1.77; 95% CI 0.82, 2.72). An inversely proportional association between CSF NfL levels and BICAMS z-scores was found in progressive forms of MS (rp = –0.944).

Conclusions

This study provides preliminary evidence for an association between CSF NfL levels and cognition in progressive forms of MS, which requires validation in larger samples.
Novel Herpesvirus Associated With Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Smooth Green Snakes (Opheodrys vernalis)
Authors: Lovstad Jessica N. , Ossiboff Robert J. , Kinsel Michael J. , Gamble Kathryn C.
Published: April 2019

During a 19-month period, 5 smooth green snakes ( Opheodrys vernalis) maintained as an ex situ conservation colony presented with rapid clinical progression of locally invasive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. All 5 originated from the same wild source and were housed together or in close proximity. An infectious cause was considered likely, and nested conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of a novel alphaherpesvirus, Opheodrys herpesvirus 1, in the neoplastic tissue in 4 of the 5 snakes. Retrospective screening of previously submitted smooth green snakes by in situ hybridization did not detect virus in prior submissions from the colony. This report documents molecular characterization of an ophidian herpesvirus as well as colocalization of its viral nucleic acid with neoplastic transformation in snakes.
β-Mannosidosis in German Shepherd Dogs
Authors: Jolly Robert D. , Dittmer Keren E. , Garrick Dorian J. , Chernyavtseva Anastasia , Hemsley Kim M. , King Barbara , Fietz Michael , Shackleton Nicola M. , Fairley Robert , Wylie Kirsten
Published: April 2019

A neurological disease was investigated in 3 German Shepherd pups from the same litter that failed to grow normally, appeared stiff, were reluctant to move, and were deaf. They developed intermittent seizures and ataxia and had proprioceptive defects. Histopathology showed severe vacuolation of neurons, astrocytes in nervous tissue, renal tubular epithelial cells, and macrophages in nervous tissue, spleen, and liver. Vacuoles appeared empty with no storage material stained by periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) or Sudan black stains, leading to a diagnosis of a lysosomal storage disease and in particular an oligosaccharidosis. Biochemical and genomic studies showed that this was β-mannosidosis, not previously diagnosed in dogs. A c.560T>A transition in exon 4 of the MANBA gene was found, which segregated in these and other family members in a manner consistent with it being the causative mutation of an autosomal recessive disease. This mutation led to substitution of isoleucine to asparagine at position 187 of the 885 amino acid enzyme, a change expected to have functional significance.
A new approach for biocrust and vegetation monitoring in drylands using multi-temporal Sentinel-2 images
Authors: Panigada Cinzia , Tagliabue Giulia , Zaady Eli , Rozenstein Offer , Garzonio Roberto , Di Mauro Biagio , De Amicis Mattia , Colombo Roberto , Cogliati Sergio , Miglietta Franco , Rossini Micol
Published: April 2019

Drylands, one of the planet’s largest terrestrial biomes, are suggested to be greatly threatened by climate change. Drylands are usually sparsely vegetated, and biological soil crusts (biocrusts) – that is, soil surface communities of cyanobacteria, mosses and/or lichens – can cover up to 70% of dryland cover. As they control key ecosystem processes, monitoring their spatial and temporal distribution can provide highly valuable information. In this study, we examine the potential of European Space Agency’s (ESA) Sentinel-2 (S2) data to characterize the spatial and temporal development of biocrust and vascular plant greening along a rainfall gradient of the Negev Desert (Israel). First, the chlorophyll a absorption feature in the red region (CRred) was identified as the index mostly sensitive to changes in biocrust greening but minimally affected by changes in soil moisture. This index was then computed on the S2 images and enabled monitoring the phenological dynamics of different dryland vegetation components from August 2015 to August 2017. The analysis of multi-temporal S2 images allowed us to successfully track the biocrust greening within 15 days from the first seasonal rain events in the north of Negev, and to identify the maximum development of annual vascular plants and greening of perennial ones. These results show potential for monitoring arid and semi-arid environments using the newly available S2 images, allowing new insights into dryland vegetation dynamics.
Visual-Spatial Memory Deficits Are Related to Increased Knee Valgus Angle During a Sport-Specific Sidestep Cut
Authors: Monfort Scott M. , Pradarelli Jared J. , Grooms Dustin R. , Hutchison Keith A. , Onate James A. , Chaudhari Ajit M.W.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Identifying athletes at an increased risk of injury is a promising approach to improve the effect of injury prevention interventions; however, it requires first identifying the potential athlete-specific risk factors. Cognitive ability was recently shown to correlate with noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury rates and lower extremity mechanics, marking an underexplored area. A better understanding of how individuals’ cognitive ability is associated with neuromuscular control during sport-specific tasks may improve injury prevention.

Hypothesis:

Athletes with lower cognitive performance on a standardized cognitive assessment would demonstrate greater increases in knee valgus angle and moment when performing a sidestep cut with soccer ball dribbling versus without. Visual-spatial memory was expected to demonstrate stronger relationships than reaction time or processing speed.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Fifteen male collegiate club soccer players participated (mean ± SD: 20.7 ± 2.0 years, 1.78 ± 0.07 m, 76.5 ± 8.9 kg). Participants performed anticipated 45° run-to-cut trials with and without a dual task of dribbling a soccer ball. Peak early-stance knee valgus angle and moment for the plant limb were calculated. Participants also completed a cognitive assessment to evaluate visual memory, verbal memory, reaction time, and processing speed. These composite scores were entered as candidate predictors for a stepwise regression analysis on the dual-task change scores in lower extremity biomechanical parameters (ie, ball handling – non–ball handling).

Results:

Visual memory composite score (a measure of visual-spatial memory) was the only cognitive outcome significantly associated with the change in biomechanical parameters. Each unit decrease in the visual memory composite score was associated with an increase of 0.21°± 0.05° in peak knee valgus angle during the ball-handling task as compared with the non–ball handling task ( R2 = 52%, P = .003).

Conclusion:

Visual-spatial memory was associated with neuromuscular control during a sidestep cutting task during soccer ball dribbling, with deficits in this cognitive domain being associated with increased peak knee valgus angle.

Clinical Relevance:

Assessing visual-spatial memory ability may provide useful information to better understand conditions associated with impaired neuromuscular control and to potentially identify athletes at an elevated risk for musculoskeletal injury.
‘Anything but heavy meal’ – Culinary dislikes and patterned intolerance among the young urban Finns
Authors: Lindblom Taru , Mustonen Pekka
Published: April 2019

Perceiving various lifestyles as unpleasant is considered as an indicator of symbolic boundaries distinguishing between social groups. This article examines culinary dislikes covering various cuisine types. Using Finnish data collected among young urban adults (n = 1706), we find that disliking various cuisine types (19 in total) is particularly patterned and somewhat determined by socio-demographic factors. Dislikes are clustered according to legitimacy and exoticness in four components: ‘Culinary canon’, ‘Fast and Convenient’, ‘Ethnic’ and ‘Familiar’. Furthermore, a large group of categorical tolerant people is observed. As expected, socially more ‘well-to-do’ groups show less dislike towards various cuisines types. However, higher statuses are selective and very specific in terms of certain dislikes thus showing signs of patterned intolerance (à la Bryson). The highly educated dislike particularly less cuisine types belonging to ‘Culinary canon’, whereas ‘Fast and Convenient’ are clearly less tolerated. Categorical tolerance towards food is more a sign of cultural goodwill than new form of omnivorousness.
Bullying Victimization Among Left-Behind Children in Rural China: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Zhang Huiping , Zhou Huazhen , Cao Ruixin
Published: April 2019

Bullying victimization among Chinese school-aged children has recently been recognized as a serious problem. However, studies on the prevalence and correlates of bullying victimization among left-behind children—whose parents live and work in urban areas while they remain at home in a rural area—have fallen far behind. We conducted a study based on one representative sample of 742 left-behind children in Grades 6 to 10 from rural China in 2010. The results indicate that a total of 31.6% of the left-behind children report recurrent bullying victimization, which is higher than that of their rural counterparts who live with their parents. Furthermore, left-behind children who experience bullying victimization are more likely to report being drunk frequently, poorer peer and family relationships, and academic problems. Future bullying prevention and intervention programs should be designed to meet the special needs of left-behind children.
Cultural Demerits: When an Afrocentric School Bends to Education Reforms
Authors: Faude Sarah
Published: April 2019

Through an ethnographic case study within one struggling Afrocentric public charter school in the Mid-Atlantic from 2009 to 2011, I show how broader neoliberal reforms and an incomplete attempt at Afrocentric education combined to redefine Blackness as poverty, danger, and failure through the co-optation of school-based practices. Using a Critical Race theoretical framework, I argue that culturally focused programs, which explicitly aim to serve students of color, are at risk of failing their students because of the interests of the reform movements they are accountable to. These findings suggest that culturally responsive educational programs, despite their holistic and empowering frameworks, may be particularly vulnerable to marginalizing the students they aim to serve in ways that are distinctly and overtly connected to broader racist conceptions of Blackness.
Community Pharmacist Utilization of Legislation That Allows Impact on the Opioid Crisis in the State of Minnesota: A Mixed-Methods Approach
Authors: Palombi Laura , Hawthorne Amanda N. , Lunos Scott , Melgaard Kelsey , Dahly Ashley , Blue Heather
Published: April 2019

Background:

As opioid overdose deaths climb, legislation supporting pharmacists in developing their role to address the crisis has expanded. Although Minnesota pharmacists are encouraged to utilize opiate antagonist, syringe access and authorized collector legislation, the use patterns of these tools are unknown.

Methods:

A mixed-methods approach was used to survey 8405 Minnesota-licensed pharmacists on their practices related to the opioid crisis. An analysis of community pharmacist utilization of opioid-related legislation was conducted.

Results:

The majority (88.64%) of respondents indicated that they had not dispensed naloxone in the past month using a protocol; 59.69% reported that they had not dispensed naloxone by any method in the past month. Over sixty percent (60.61%) of respondents agreed they are comfortable with dispensing syringes and would dispense noninsulin syringes in their pharmacy under the statewide Syringe Access Initiative; 25.86% reported that they are not comfortable dispensing syringes. The majority (78.64%) of respondents reported that they do not participate in collecting unwanted pharmaceuticals.

Conclusion:

While pharmacists have the potential to play a key role in efforts focused on addressing the opioid crisis through harm reduction strategies, this role and the use of supporting legislation is currently underutilized in the state of Minnesota.
Implementation of Kriging Surrogate Models for Delamination Detection in Composite Structures
Authors: Joy Eldho Jacob , Menon Arjun S. , Biju N.
Published: April 2019

Composite structures are prone to impact and fatigue loads in service which in turn causes defects such as de-lamination. This affects the dynamic characteristics of the composite laminates such as its Natural frequency, Mode shapes and its damping characteristics. Hence it can be used as a prominent indicator for structural health monitoring. This paper focusses on the use of Kriging based surrogate model for the prediction of delamination in Carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composite panels with an edge constraint. The change in natural frequency and mode shapes of the damaged and undamaged model has been taken as the primary damage indicator for the present analysis. The size and location of the damage were predicted from the developed surrogate models. The performance of the proposed approach has been studied experimentally and compared it with numerical simulation and has been found satisfactory. The surrogate approach reduces the computational time considerably without compromising the accuracy.
Instruments of securitization and resisting subjects: For-profit professionals in the finance–security nexus
Authors: Helgesson Karin Svedberg , Mörth Ulrika
Published: April 2019

This article discusses the role of private actors in the finance–security nexus. It analyses how the delegated authority bestowed upon private actors in anti-money laundering and combating terrorist financing (AML/CTF) may be perceived not as empowerment but as an expression of a threatening invasive and hegemonic order: To reap the possible benefits offered by the security paradigm in the ‘war on terror’, private actors must relinquish a degree of self-determinacy. This threat to self-determinacy, it is argued, foregrounds (affective) resistance among for-profit professionals. The article probes how for-profit professionals engage in (affective) resistance through self-authorship. Evoking Hansen’s discourse analysis on linkages and differentiation, the empirical analysis delineates how lawyers in the UK and France resist being resilient subjects in AML/CTF. It shows how for-profit professionals use self-authorship for purposes of (affective) resistance. Specifically, it finds that the linkages and counter-values subjects pin to the perceived invasive order of AML/CTF serve as poles in the fence protecting a space where professional identity is safeguarded. In this way, actors became resisting subjects when faced with obligations to be resilient. In conclusion, the article affords nuance to the role of private actors in the finance–security nexus by outlining how the forging of the first link in De Goede’s security chain is undermined.
‘Battle of the sixes’: Investigating print media representations of female professional golfers competing in a men’s tour event
Authors: Bowes Ali , Kitching Niamh
Published: April 2019

In May 2018, the men’s European Tour invited five female professional golfers to compete in its GolfSixes event in England, against 27 professional male players. This was significant, particularly given the female struggle for equality of access, participation, employment and decision making in golf settings. This research investigates the print media representation of these five female professional golfers competing in this male domain. Using the Nexis database, data were collected from print newspapers in the United Kingdom and Ireland over six days before, during and after the event. Following thematic analysis, findings highlight a double-edged sword with regard to media coverage of female athletes competing against men: women received greater media coverage when in the male sport spotlight, but the coverage was framed by gendered discourses. The results document a slow shift towards more equal and equitable print media coverage of female athletes, whilst drawing attention to the problematic ways in which sportswomen are represented.
Taste and familiarity affect the experience of groove in popular music
Authors: Senn Olivier , Bechtold Toni Amadeus , Hoesl Florian , Kilchenmann Lorenz
Published: April 2019

Groove is a common experience in music listeners, often described as an enjoyable impulse to move in synchrony with the music. Research has suggested that the groove experience is influenced by listeners’ musical taste and their familiarity with a musical repertoire. This study reports the results from an online listening experiment in which 233 participants rated the groove quality of 208 short clips from different Western popular music styles. Findings show that participants’ familiarity with a song, its musical style, and listeners’ preference for that style have a considerable effect on the groove experience. Overall, pop and funk stimuli triggered a stronger groove experience than rock stimuli. Listeners had a tendency to give high groove ratings to music they had heard before and to music that belonged to a style they liked. Results also show that professional musicians had a tendency to experience more groove in response to funk compared to pop music, whereas non-musicians experienced more groove with pop compared to funk. Together, these effects explained approximately 15% of the groove ratings’ variance. In sum, listeners’ attitudes and their musical backgrounds have a considerable impact on their experience of groove.
Outcomes of mentoring programs in psychiatry training: a literature review
Authors: You Daniel , Kealy-Bateman Warren
Published: April 2019

Objectives:

This literature review aimed to outline the evidence regarding the outcomes of formal mentoring programs for training psychiatrists.

Methods:

An electronic search of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Ovid PsycINFO and The Cochrane Library was conducted.

Results:

A total of 17 articles fulfilled inclusion criteria. Positive outcomes of mentorship include promotion of research, perpetuation of further mentorship, increased perceived support and enhancement of teaching skills. One article reported a negative outcome.

Conclusions:

Current evidence regarding mentorship in psychiatry is limited and there is a lack of clarity regarding the relationship between positive outcomes and mentorship. Components of the included programs may act as confounders. Mentorship, protected teaching time, and didactic teaching may be important to encourage research. Other potential benefits of mentorship include enhanced career guidance, perceived support, and enriched teaching skills.
Slimes and cyborgs: stretching the boundaries of life
Authors: Miller Mark , Nave Kathryn
Published: April 2019

The extension of the organism into the environment, suggested by some interpretations of autopoiesis, can seem disconcerting. Yet we argue that Villalobos and Razeto-Barry’s attempt to reinscribe the organism inside the physical body, via the criterion of autopoietically produced material coherence, cannot account for the dynamical and highly changeable nature of life. A successful science of life must do justice not only to the life forms that enjoy clear boundaries but also to the squishy, the strange and the technologically modified.
“I’m scared”: Journaling Uncovers Student Perceptions Prior to a Psychiatric Clinical Rotation
Authors: Wedgeworth Monika L. , Ford Cassandra D. , Tice Johnny R.
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND: The United States is experiencing a shortage of mental health practitioners. A growing body of evidence shows that nursing students state that mental health is among the least desirable specialties, citing anxiety as a prominent factor. This study builds on existing knowledge and seeks to understand undergraduate nursing students’ goals and perceptions about mental health prior to a mental health course utilizing a semistructured clinical journal. AIMS: To explore undergraduate nursing students’ goals and perceptions in order to develop strategies that may positively influence students’ thoughts about mental health nursing. METHOD: Utilizing qualitative methodology, students’ journal entries ( n = 90) were coded into keywords by frequency, forming the basis of themes in this study. RESULTS: Analysis found that nursing students are primarily concerned with their ability to communicate effectively with mental health patients, leading to fears about the upcoming mental health practicum. Although not prompted, students also discussed various stigmas surrounding mental health patients and disorders. CONCLUSION: Students enter the mental health course and practicum with a variety of preconceptions. Nurse educators play a central role in identifying and developing psychoeducational strategies to address student concerns and increase students’ interest in mental health nursing.
Noteworthy Literature in 2018 for Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists and Intensivists
Authors: Flynn Brigid C. , Shen Liang , Littlejohn James E. , Shirak Michelle O. , Ivascu Natalia S.
Published: April 2019

In this article, we present the annual review of the literature relevant for the practice of cardiovascular critical care.
Pathway-Based Analysis of the Liver Response to Intravenous Methylprednisolone Administration in Rats: Acute Versus Chronic Dosing
Authors: Acevedo Alison , Berthel Ana , DuBois Debra , Almon Richard R , Jusko William J , Androulakis Ioannis P
Published: April 2019

Pharmacological time-series data, from comparative dosing studies, are critical to characterizing drug effects. Reconciling the data from multiple studies is inevitably difficult; multiple in vivo high-throughput -omics studies are necessary to capture the global and temporal effects of the drug, but these experiments, though analogous, differ in (microarray or other) platforms, time-scales, and dosing regimens and thus cannot be directly combined or compared. This investigation addresses this reconciliation issue with a meta-analysis technique aimed at assessing the intrinsic activity at the pathway level. The purpose of this is to characterize the dosing effects of methylprednisolone (MPL), a widely used anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive corticosteroid (CS), within the liver. A multivariate decomposition approach is applied to analyze acute and chronic MPL dosing in male adrenalectomized rats and characterize the dosing-dependent differences in the dynamic response of MPL-responsive signaling and metabolic pathways. We demonstrate how to deconstruct signaling and metabolic pathways into their constituent pathway activities, activities which are scored for intrinsic pathway activity. Dosing-induced changes in the dynamics of pathway activities are compared using a model-based assessment of pathway dynamics, extending the principles of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PKPD) to describe pathway activities. The model-based approach enabled us to hypothesize on the likely emergence (or disappearance) of indirect dosing-dependent regulatory interactions, pointing to likely mechanistic implications of dosing of MPL transcriptional regulation. Both acute and chronic MPL administration induced a strong core of activity within pathway families including the following: lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, regulation of essential organelles, and xenobiotic metabolism pathway families. Pathway activities alter between acute and chronic dosing, indicating that MPL response is dosing dependent. Furthermore, because multiple pathway activities are dominant within a single pathway, we observe that pathways cannot be defined by a single response. Instead, pathways are defined by multiple, complex, and temporally related activities corresponding to different subgroups of genes within each pathway.
The role of recasts and negotiated prompts in an FL learning context in China with non-English major university students
Authors: Li Huifang (Lydia) , Iwashita Noriko
Published: April 2019

This quasi-experimental classroom study examines the effects of recasts and negotiated prompts on oral interactions in a foreign language (FL) context where the instructional approach primarily focuses on grammar and accuracy. Ninety adult native speakers of Mandarin Chinese from two intact classes were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups (recast or negotiated prompt) or a control group, and were asked to complete pre-/post-tests on their use of question and past tense forms in English. Between the pre-test and the post-tests, the learners of the two experimental groups had three treatment lessons for feedback outside their usual English classes, the interaction data of which are reported. ANOVA analyses revealed that recasts were highly effective for accuracy development of wh-questions, interrogative questions and irregular past tense verbs. Negotiated prompts showed moderate effectiveness at most times for accuracy development of interrogative questions and both irregular and regular past tense verbs. These findings provide further insights into the role of corrective feedback (CF) in L2 development.
Towards a re-conceptualisation of risk in early childhood education
Authors: Cooke Mandy , Wong Sandie , Press Frances
Published: April 2019

Children’s engagement in risk-taking has been on the agenda for early childhood education for the past 10–15 years. At a time when some say the minority world has become overly risk averse, early childhood education aims to support confident, competent and resilient children through the inclusion of beneficial risk in early childhood education. The concept of risk is a complex phenomenon. Beneficial risk is engaging in experiences that take a person outside of their comfort zone and include outcomes that may be beneficial to learning, development and life satisfaction. To date, research on beneficial risk in early childhood has focused on children’s risk-taking in outdoor play. This focus has led to a predominant conceptualisation of beneficial risk in early childhood as an outdoor physical play activity for children. In this article, the authors problematise this conceptualisation. Drawing on both broad and early childhood education specific literature, the authors explore the current discourse on risk in both childhood and early childhood education. The authors identify the development of the current conceptualisation of risk as an experience for children within play, outdoors and as a physical activity, and highlight the limitations of this conceptualisation. The authors argue that for risk-taking to be in line with the predominantly holistic approach of early childhood education, a broad view of risk is needed. To achieve this broad view, the authors argue for a re-conceptualisation of risk that encompasses a wide range of risk experiences for both children and educators. The authors suggest further research is needed to expand our understanding of beneficial risk in early childhood education. They propose further research will offer a significant contribution to the early childhood sector.
Male Tolerance to Same-Sex Infidelity: A Cross-Cultural Investigation
Authors: Wang Yan , Apostolou Menelaos
Published: April 2019

There is accumulating evidence that heterosexual men exhibit tolerance to their partners’ same-sex infidelity. The current study examined such tolerance in the Chinese ( N = 949) and the British ( N = 305) cultural contexts. Consistent with the predictions derived from an evolutionary framework, across different cultural settings, men exhibited higher tolerance than women to their partners’ same-sex infidelity. In addition, if they had to choose, men were considerably more likely than women to prefer their partners to cheat with an individual of the same than of the opposite sex. Participants were also more tolerant of infidelity involving their short-term than their long-term partners. Moreover, men who preferred same-sex attraction in women were more tolerant to the same-sex infidelity of their female partners than men who did not share these preferences. Finally, men and women who experienced same-sex attractions indicated higher tolerance to infidelity. The implications of these finding for the evolution of same-sex attraction in women were further discussed.
Does Streaming Esports Affect Players’ Behavior and Performance?
Authors: Matsui Akira , Sapienza Anna , Ferrara Emilio
Published: April 2019

In this work, we analyze what effect streaming gameplay on Twitch has on players’ in-game behavior and performance. We hypothesized that streaming can act as a form of implicit incentive to boost players’ performance and engagement. To test this hypothesis, we continuously collected data about all Twitch streams related to a popular Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) game, League of Legends (LoL), and data of all LoL matches played during the same time frame, and cross-mapped the two data sets. We found that, counterintuitively, streaming significantly deteriorates players’ in-game performance: This may be due to the burden of carrying out two cognitively intensive activities at the same time, namely, playing the game and producing its commentary for streaming purposes. On the other hand, streaming increases engagement keeping players in significantly longer game sessions. We investigate these two effects further, to characterize how they vary upon individual characteristics.
Effect of flat speed of carding machine on the carded sliver and yarn quality
Authors: Rashid Mohammad Mamunur , Motaleb KZM Abdul , Khan Ayub Nabi
Published: April 2019

Processing parameters play an important role in influencing the quality of the final product in any kinds of production. The aim of this project is to observe the quality of the carded sliver and yarn by applying different flat speeds on the carding machine while the other machine parameters were fixed. Five flat speeds (200, 240, 280, 320, and 360 mm/min) have been used to produce slivers and yarns. Sliver fineness of Ne0.11 and yarn of two different counts (Ne24 and Ne30) were produced for assessing the quality. It is found that the neps, short fibers, and unevenness of sliver and yarn are reduced proportionally with the increase of flat speed, whereas the tensile properties of yarn are increased. The unevenness and tensile properties are found to be best for flat speed 360 mm/min with significant increasing of waste percentage. The Ne24 and Ne30 cotton yarns have comparable unevenness and tensile properties. The quality of yarn improved continuously as the yarn becomes finer.
Prospective Analysis of Hand Infection Rates in Elective Soft Tissue Procedures of the Hand: The Role of Preoperative Antibiotics
Authors: Bäcker Henrik C. , Freibott Christina E. , Wilbur Danielle , Tang Peter , Barth Richard , Strauch Robert J. , Rosenwasser Melvin P. , Neviaser Robert
Published: April 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic antimicrobial prophylaxis in elective hand surgery in preventing postoperative infection. Methods: Between 2009 and 2012, we performed a multicenter trial in which patients undergoing elective hand surgeries were categorized into an antibiotic or control group depending on the center they were enrolled in. Surgical site infections were defined according to the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. Results: In total, 434 patients were included: 257 did not receive antibiotics (control) and 177 received antibiotics at a mean age of 61.0 years. In the control group, comorbidities were more common with 23.7% (61/257) in comparison to the antibiotics group with 14.1% (25/177). Only one surgical site infection in each group was identified. One wound was opened surgically, and an antimicrobial treatment was indicated in both cases. In addition, we observed four complications in the control group and three complications in the antibiotics group which required conservative management. No significant differences in the two cohorts in infection rate (0.006% vs 0.003%, χ2 = 0.07, P > .05) and complication rate (2.8% vs 1.6%, χ2 = 0.01, P > .05) were found. Conclusions: Our prospective multicenter trial showed no significant difference in infection rate in elective hand surgery whether antibiotics were administered preoperatively or not.
Analysis on the influence of elevator buffer clearance on elevator safety
Authors: Zhang Weimin , Zhang Wenxin
Published: April 2019

Currently, a large number of elevator manufacturers do not consider the actual impact speed during the selection of buffers or the calculation of guided travel, which creates safety risks. By analyzing relevant standard situations, this article establishes equations to calculate the impact speed of the elevator car or counterweight, determines the corresponding results, and carries out relevant test verifications. Moreover, the influences of buffer clearance on elevator safety are analyzed. Finally, the paper proposes new rules for buffer selection and a new method for calculating the maximum buffer clearance between the buffer and car (or counterweight), which will improve the safety of elevators in actual applications.
A novel mechanical design of disc brakes for fault diagnosis and monitoring positive braking pressure in mine hoist
Authors: Xu Guiyun , Song Di , Zhang Di , Zhang Xiaoguang , Sha Shikang
Published: April 2019

As the final executor of the braking system of coal mine hoists, the disc brake directly affects the safety and reliability of mine hoists. Aimed to the problem of failure of hoist disc brake, according to its structural characteristics and functional requirements, this article proposes a disc brake that monitors positive brake pressure in real time and has a certain brake fault diagnosis function and develops a prototype. Based on SolidWorks, its virtual prototype model is established, and its finite element model is established by ANSYS Workbench. The static and dynamic simulations are performed on the entire disc brake and key components to obtain overall vibration characteristics and mechanical characteristics. Prototypes of disc brake and sensors are machined to perform test experiments to measure the performance, and experimental data are analyzed in conjunction with theories. The experimental results show that the disc brake can realize real-time effective monitoring of the positive brake pressure. It has the function of fault diagnosis, and its strength and stiffness meet the requirements with lower cost. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed structure scheme are verified.