bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistência de união de compósitos do tipo Bulk Fill: análise in vitro
Authors: CHARAMBA Caroline de Farias , MEIRELES Sônia Saeger , DUARTE Rosângela Marque , MONTENEGRO Robinsom Viégas , ANDRADE Ana Karina Maciel de
Published: March 2017

Resumo Introdução A classe dos compósitos Bulk-Fill tem obtido popularidade com a promessa de ser fotopolimerizado efetivamente em camadas de até quatro milímetros, fato que contrasta com os dois milímetros requisitados para os compósitos convencionais para manutenção da adesividade da restauração. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a resistência de união à dentina de restaurações confeccionadas com compósitos do tipo Bulk-Fill. Material e método Foram utilizados 15 terceiros molares humanos, cuja superfície oclusal foi cortada e a dentina foi exposta. Esses elementos dentários foram divididos em três grupos conforme o material restaurador utilizado. O sistema adesivo usado foi o mesmo para todos os grupos. Posteriormente, os dentes restaurados foram cortados para originar palitos de aproximadamente 1 mm de largura, 1 mm de profundidade e 8 mm de altura, que foram fixados às garras do dispositivo de microtração. Foram utilizados dez palitos de cada dente, totalizando 50 palitos por grupo. Os dados de resistência de união à microtração foram expressos em megapascal (MPa). As fraturas foram analisadas em microscópio óptico. Os dados foram analisados através dos testes ANOVA e Tukey (p<0,05). Resultado Os três compósitos estudados diferiram estatisticamente entre si (p<0,000). Os compósitos Bulk-Fill apresentaram resistências de união semelhantes e superiores ao convencional (p<0,000). A fratura mais encontrada foi a mista, em todos os grupos. Conclusão Os compósitos Bulk-Fill apresentaram maiores valores de resistência de união com a técnica restauradora utilizada.
Static, dynamic balance and functional performance in subjects with and without plantar fasciitis
Authors: Gonçalves Geiseane Aguiar , Kamonseki Danilo Harudy , Martinez Bruna Reclusa , Nascimento Maythe Amaral , Lombardi Junior Império , Yi Liu Chiao
Published: March 2017

Abstract Introduction: Plantar fasciitis (PF) is characterized by non-inflammatory degeneration and pain under the heel, and is one of the most common foot complaints. The compensations and adjustments made to decrease the discomfort caused by the disease are clinical findings and can be a factor that contributes to impaired balance and decreased functional performance. Objective: To compare functional performance as well as static and dynamic balance among subjects with and without PF. Methods: The sample consisted of 124 subjects of both sexes aged 20-60 years. Participants were divided into two groups: a bilateral PF group (PFG; n = 62) and a control group (CG, n = 62). The following outcomes were analyzed: static and dynamic balance (using functional tests) and functional performance (using a questionnaire). We used Student’s t test for independent samples to compare variables between the groups. The alpha error was set at 0.05. Results: Subjects with PF showed greater impairment in their overall dynamic balance performance (p < 0.001) than the control group, except for left posteromedial movement (p = 0.19). The CG showed showed better functional performance (p < 0.001) than the PF group. There was no difference between groups for the variable static balance on stable (p = 0.160) and unstable surfaces (p = 0.085). Conclusion: Subjects with PF displayed smaller reach distances in the overall Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), demonstrating a deficit in dynamic balance and functional performance when compared with healthy subjects.
Portraying the amputation of lower limbs: an approach using ICF
Authors: Gonçalves Junior Erádio , Knabben Rodrigo José , Luz Soraia Cristina Tonon da
Published: March 2017

Abstract Introduction: Amputation is a trauma that involves important functional, psychological and social sequelae. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is based on the biopsychosocial model and enables understanding functioning and disability through the interaction of its components. Objective: This study’s aim was to depict functioning and disability using the ICF conceptual interaction model from the perspective of individuals who suffered a lower limb amputation. Methods: The qualitative approach was used and included a semi-structured interview held with six participants. Results: All the participants used assistive devices such as crutches, wheelchairs or walkers: three used prostheses and the other three emphasized their difficulty in acquiring prostheses from the Social Security Service or Public Health System. Social support, especially that provided by family and friends, is a major facilitator. The importance of acquiring and adapting prostheses to enable the rehabilitation of amputees became clear; however, rehabilitation is not restricted to the acquisition of prostheses. A rehabilitation program directed to restoring functionality is needed. Conclusion: The multidirectional approach using the ICF’s conceptual interaction model enabled important insights concerning public health issues, such as obstacles related to the access to rehabilitation services and a lack of preparedness on the part of health professionals in relation to care provided to amputees.
Comparison of two incremental protocols for evaluation of hip extension
Authors: Jara Christian Campos , Ríos Luis Javier Chirosa , Mayorga Daniel Jerez , Rios Ignacio Chirosa , Salazar Cristian Martínez , Beraldo Pedro Cesar
Published: March 2017

Abstract Introduction: The hip muscles play an important role in controlling the transverse and frontal plane of the femur during displacement. The hip extension and abduction/adduction exercises are among the most widely evaluated protocols both clinically and in research. Objective: To compare which assessment protocol in an isokinetic strength regime (distal grip-ankle vs. proximal grip-knee) best represents the action of hip extension and to analyze the test-retest reliability in the variables peak force (PF) and work (W). Methods: A total of 20 subjects participated in this research. All participants were female. The mean and standard deviations of age, weight and height were 21 ± 3.9 years, 65 ± 11 kg, 166 ± 3.4 cm, respectively. Results: Significant differences were found in both variables (PF and W) between protocols 1 and 2 (p < 0.05) on assessment days 1 and 2. No differences between days 1 and day 2 in either protocol (p < 0.05) were found. Index values of interclass correlation (ICC) of protocol 1 ranged between 0.38 and 0.86. In protocol 2 the ICC range was between 0.33 and 0.87. Conclusions: In light of these results, the hip extension exercise with a proximal grip best represents the strength of the muscle groups involved in this action.
Nasalância de populações falantes do português brasileiro de dois estados distintos
Authors: Maturo Denise Silva , Pirola Melissa Nara de Carvalho Picinato , Ricz Lílian Neto Aguiar , Trawitzki Luciana Vitaliano Voi
Published: March 2017

RESUMO Objetivo Obter valores de nasalância de jovens adultos, falantes do português brasileiro dos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais, para investigar a existência de fatores influenciadores, como variação dialetal e gênero. Método Foi avaliada a nasalidade de 36 indivíduos, 20 oriundos do Estado de São Paulo (idade média: 23 anos) e 16 de Minas Gerais (idade média: 24 anos), de ambos os gêneros, pelo Nasômetro II modelo 6400 (KayPENTAX®) durante a leitura de três textos (nasal1, nasal2 e oral). A comparação dos valores de nasalância entre os grupos foi feita pelo teste t de Student não pareado, considerando dois grupos experimentais. Resultados Os valores de nasalância encontrados nas populações paulista e mineira foram, respectivamente, 52,7% e 48,8% para o texto nasal1; 49,6% e 49,9% para o texto nasal2 e 14,3% e 9,8% para o texto oral. Na análise comparativa da média dos valores, verificou-se diferença no texto oral (p=0,03), sendo a nasalância dos paulistas maior que a dos mineiros, já o fator gênero não apresentou diferença significativa. Conclusão Ambas as populações apresentaram valores de nasalância dentro dos padrões de normalidade, porém a nasalância dos mineiros foi menor que a dos paulistas. O fator gênero não mostrou influência sobre esses valores, ainda que, no texto nasal2, as mulheres mineiras mostraram uma tendência de maior valor de nasalância que os homens mineiros. Nosso estudo contribui para o conhecimento dos valores de referência para populações distintas, falantes do português brasileiro, contudo, deve ser interpretado com ponderação, visto o número reduzido da amostra.
Locais de início da fase faríngea da deglutição: meta-análise
Authors: Zancan Maralice , Luchesi Karen Fontes , Mituuti Claudia Tiemi , Furkim Ana Maria
Published: March 2017

RESUMO Objetivo Revisar a literatura quanto aos locais de início da fase faríngea da deglutição em adultos e idosos, assintomáticos e sintomáticos. Estratégia de pesquisa Foi realizada pesquisa nas bases PubMed, BIREME e SciELO através dos descritores fluoroscopia (fluoroscopy), deglutição (deglutition) e faringe (pharynx). Critérios de seleção Estudos publicados entre 2005 e 2015, com adultos e idosos que realizaram videofluoroscopia da deglutição (VFD) e citaram o local de início da fase faríngea da deglutição. Análise dos dados Foi realizada análise descritiva e meta-análise, com estudo da heterogeneidade e de medidas agrupadas com efeito aleatório por meio da estatística I2. Para o cálculo de proporção na meta-análise, os locais descritos nos artigos foram classificados pelo Modified Barium Swallowing - Measurement Tool for Swallowing Impairment (MBSImp). Resultados Ao final, foram selecionados 12 artigos para análise descritiva e sete para meta-análise. Foi encontrada heterogeneidade entre os estudos, especialmente, devido às diferenças clínicas e metodológicas. O efeito aleatório indicou predominância (58%) do início da fase faríngea da deglutição nos níveis zero e um do MBSImP. Em indivíduos assintomáticos, observou-se o início da fase faríngea na cavidade oral, base da língua, dorso da língua e valécula. Em indivíduos sintomáticos, o início foi observado, principalmente, em orofaringe, valécula, hipofaringe e recessos piriformes. Conclusão Foi observada maior frequência de início da fase faríngea da deglutição em valécula. O início da fase faríngea em hipofaringe e recessos piriformes foi mais observado em indivíduos idosos ou com comorbidades que poderiam alterar a deglutição.
EX VIVO MODEL OF RABBIT INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM APPLIED TO THE STUDY OF COLONIZATION BY ENTEROAGGREGATIVE ESCHERICHIA COLI
Authors: BRAGA Ricardo Luís Lopes , PEREIRA Ana Claudia Machado , SANTOS Paula Azevedo dos , FREITAS-ALMEIDA Angela Corrêa , ROSA Ana Cláudia de Paula
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND The diarrheal syndrome is considered a serious public health problem all over the world and is considered a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The high incidence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in diarrheal syndromes classified as an emerging pathogen of gastrointestinal infections. After decades of study, your pathogenesis remains uncertain and has been investigated mainly using in vitro models of adhesion in cellular lines. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the interaction of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains isolated from childhood diarrhea with rabbit ileal and colonic mucosa ex vivo, using the in vitro organ culture model. METHODS The in vitro adhesion assays using cultured tissue were performed with the strains co-incubated with intestinal fragments of ileum and colon over a period of 6 hours. Each strain was tested with three intestinal fragments for each region. The fragments were analysed by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Through scanning electron microscopy we observed that all strains adhered to rabbit ileal and colonic mucosa, with the typical aggregative adherence pattern of “stacked bricks” on the epithelium. However, the highest degree of adherence was observed on colonic mucosa. Threadlike structures were found in greater numbers in the ileum compared to the colon. CONCLUSION These data showed that enteroaggregative Escherichia coli may have a high tropism for the human colon, which was ratified by the higher degree of adherence on the rabbit colonic mucosa. Finally, data indicated that in vitro organ culture of intestinal mucosa from rabbit may be used to elucidate the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli pathogenesis.
Haemolymph extraction of adult Drosophila v2
Authors: Damrau Christine , Brembs' lab members not provided
Published: March 2017

This is a very simple protocol showing how to extract haemolymph from adult Drosophila melanogaster. (Based on protocols from Sigma Aldrich).
DNA Digestion with DNase I v1
Authors: J. Burgess Steven
Published: March 2017

Protocol for DNase I digestion of nuclei for 'double hit' DNase-SEQ analysis adapted from doi:10.1038/nmeth.2762 As a general guide DNA should show moderate to light smearing after completing the protocol as seen the gel image in Figure 1. Figure 1: A representative 2% (w/v) LMP agarose gel of DNAse I treated nuclei (~2x108) from Sorghum bicolor. To each sample the following amounts of DNase I were added: none, 7.5U, 12.5U. Over-digested samples will result in a high background signal from unspecific cutting of DNA and should be avoided. An example of an over-digested sample is provided in lane 5 of Figure 2. Figure 2: A representative 2% (w/v) LMP agarose gel of DNAse I treated nuclei (~2x108) from Sorghum bicolor. To each sample the following amounts of DNase I were added: none, 5,U 7.5U,10U, 12.5U. Gel fragments from ~50-600bp should be excised and DNA purified. From experience taking only smaller fragments (50-200 bp) caused difficulties in library preparation.
Устойчивое развитие компании: трактовка, методы и модели
Authors: Камынин Владимир Александрович
Published: March 2017

Предложен альтернативный взгляд на понятие «устойчивое развитие» компании, которое рассматривается как концепция, способная отвечать постоянному усложнению внешних условий и решать проблемы жизненного цикла компании. В такой трактовке принятое ООН понимание термина «устойчивое развитие» является частным случаем, отражающим сегодняшние представления общества об ответственности бизнеса. Представлена типология развития компании. Описаны методы революционного и эволюционного развития. Отражена важность сочетания данных методов при разработке концепции развития компании. Предложены концептуальная и процессная модели развития компании. Идентифицированы смысловые блоки каждой модели, формирующие предпосылки для развития компании и условия для устойчивости такого развития.
ANALISIS TERHADAP UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2011 TENTANG PENGELOLAAN ZAKAT (PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM)
Authors: Hakim Budi Rahmat
Published: March 2017

The Birth of Law No. 23/2011 marks a new era of transformation of the national charity which has given rise to a new paradigm of charity management in our country. Some rules are the result of constitutive ijtihadin the ?eld of charity gets a reaction from some quarters, especially related to the management of charity by the state authority. Regardless of the debate which led to the material and formal lawsuit, there are several key issues to be further analyzed in relation to the reconstruction of ?qh paradigm evaluated from the perspective of contemporary Islamic law. First, the authorities and the involvement of the state as charities through the agency or institution that is of?cially established or recognized by the state, so that the management of charity can be done effectively, guaranteed. And have legal certainty. Secondly, the absence of sanctions for muzaki who shirk the obligation of charity in Law No.23 / 2011 shows that the payment of charity is voluntary, therefore charity regulations in Indonesia are still considered weak in the legal framework that can bind to the individual or business entity that is exposed to the taxpayer , Third, the reform paradigm of subject, object and charity tas{arruf ?eld have already accommodated in Law No.23 / 2011 in accordance with the principle of mas}lah}atand justice. Fourth, the relationship of charity and tax reaf?rmed in the amendment of new Law charity as?scal incentives for charity payers to make charity as a reduction of PKP (tax deduction), although this provision has not been able to realize the position of charitywhich is more signi?cant as a tax deduction(tax credit).
Household Expectations for Future Economy and Risk-Taking Attitudes
Authors: Huang Tsung , Xu Xin , Chiang Tsun-Feng
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine factors associated with households’ willingness to take financial risks, particularly the effect of households’ expectations. The data used in this study are the Survey of Consumer Finances 2007 by which researchers can examine the household financial issues before the financial crisis. By employing multinomial logit regression, the new finding of this study is that when the households expect that the future economy will be better, they are not willing to take either no or substantial financial risk. This study uses the uncertainty theory with the timing of the survey to interpret this seemingly unintuitive result. Other findings are that age, more working people in a household, male, education, and majority race are household characteristics positively affecting the probability of the household’s willingness to take average and above average financial risks.
The Effectiveness of Financial Literacy Instruction: The Role of Individual Development Accounts Participation and the Intensity of Instruction
Authors: Bhattacharya Radha , Gill Andrew , Stanley Denise
Published: March 2017

We examine improvements in financial knowledge for 8th-grade participants in our financial fitness camp, part of our multifaceted financial literacy program. Eighty-three students enrolled in the camp, and 59 had individual development accounts (IDA). We address several issues raised in the literature by focusing on low-income, predominantly Hispanic students, varying the treatment intensity, comparing outcomes for students in our IDA program with those who are not, addressing the potential endogeneity of IDA participation, and testing for selection bias. Financial knowledge increased by approximately 12 percentage points from camp participation. Standardized Language Arts scores, rather than treatment intensity or IDA participation, most affected gains in financial knowledge. There was no evidence of selection bias. Parents with high “present bias” were less likely to enroll their students in the camp, implying that integrating financial literacy education in the regular school curriculum will better serve students in such families.
Financial Management Competency, Financial Resources, Locus of Control, and Financial Wellness
Authors: Prawitz Aimee D. , Cohart Judith
Published: March 2017

Guided by a proactive coping theory, this online, cross-sectional study examined whether income, savings, debt service-to-income ratio, reluctance to think about finances, locus of control, and financial management competency were related to financial wellness. Based on data from a United States sample (N = 1,039), results of hierarchical regressions indicated that financial management competency, internal locus of control, and savings were positively associated with financial wellness, explaining 43.5% of the variance. Results suggest that, rather than resources themselves, resource allocation and perceived usefulness of financial actions are most critical to financial wellness. Educators and practitioners can emphasize proactive coping through behavioral approaches to financial management that foster greater internal locus of control and financial wellness.
Differences in Credit Card Use Between White and Hispanic Households
Authors: Fisher Patti J.
Published: March 2017

This study uses the 2013 U.S. Survey of Consumer Finances dataset to investigate differences in credit card use between Hispanic and White households. The sample includes 3,784 households, with 3,165 households headed by a White individual and 619 households headed by a Hispanic individual. The results show that the factors related to credit card use differ for the two groups. Risk tolerance, marital status, and education are significant in explaining credit card use for White, but not Hispanic, households. Income is significant in explaining credit card use among Hispanic, but not White, households. When accounting for race/ethnicity only through a dummy variable, researchers may be missing a part of the puzzle in exploring racial/ethnic disparities in financial well-being.
Washington State Childbearing Women’s Experiences of Planned Home Births: A Heideggerian Phenomenological Investigation
Authors: Fleming Susan E. , Healy Maria , Severtsen Billie , Donovan-Batson Colleen Moria
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this interpretive study was to investigate planned home births that occurred in Washington State and to provide meaning. A Heideggerian phenomenological approach was chosen to investigate and interview a purposive sample of 9 childbearing women who experienced at least 1 home birth between 2010 and 2014 in Washington State. The results of this study suggest that childbirth education is an essential and valued aspect of birthing. Childbirth educators can use the findings from this investigation as a means to increase their awareness of birthing in the home. This interpretive investigation can give “voice” to the compelling evidence accumulating that is investigating planned home births as a sanctuary to allow physiological and low-intervention births to transpire.
Vídeo digital: o estado da arte e possibilidades no ensino brasileiro
Authors: Mostafa Solange Puntel , Bertolini Rosa Maria Vivona
Published: March 2017

Este artigo apresenta o projeto da PUCCampinas proposto à Capes, através do seu programa de integração entre pósgraduação e graduação o desenvolvimento de uma videoteca digital. O projeto nasceu inspirado nas videotecas que começam a aparecer no Brasil como as relatadas no projeto original. Além disso, enfoca discursos na literatura, extraídos de artigos técnicocientíficos do projeto Informedia, relatado por professores que estão construindo videotecas para suas disciplinas nos Estados Unidos.
Diversidade na Escola: a experiência do LEPED
Authors: Mantoan Maria Teresa Eglér
Published: March 2017

Este artigo trata da evolução dos trabalhos do Laboratório de Estudos e Pesquisas em Ensino e Diversidade – LEPED, da Faculdade de Educação/ UNICAMP, nas áreas de pesquisa e extensão, desde a sua fundação, em 1996. Cobre também o espaço de tempo que antecedeu à formação desse grupo de pesquisa, apresentando os estudos sobre o desenvolvimento cognitivo de alunos com déficits mentais e os projetos que derivaram dessas investigações. Ao narrarmos o desenvolvimento desse Laboratório, traçamos a sua trajetória, que parte do interesse pela educação especial de pessoas com deficiência mental e caminha na direção de uma escola aberta à diversidade, fundamentada nos princípios da inclusão.
Salud pública estomatológica
Authors: Manrique Chávez Jorge Enrique
Published: March 2017

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Cambios histopatológicos de los folículos dentales en relación al espacio pericoronario y posición de terceros molares no erupcionados
Authors: Villafuerte Palacios Lizette Emperatriz , German Santa Cruz Luis Alberto Benito , Cámara Chávez Rolando , Mallma Medina Adrian Segundo
Published: March 2017

Objetivos: Determinar los cambios histopatológicos de los folículos dentales, en relación al espacio pericoro- nario y la posición de terceros molares no erupcionados. Material y Métodos: Se incluyeron en la investigación 128 folículos dentales, extraídos de 105 pacientes de ambos sexos. La medida de los espacios pericoronarios y la posición de los terceros molares fueron obtenidas de las radiografías panorámicas. Las muestras foliculares se enviaron para su estudio histológico; fueron fijadas en formol al 10% y coloreadas con Hematoxilina-Eosina, para posteriormente ser leídas por un Patólogo Oral. Los datos obtenidos fueron anotados en fichas para luego ser evaluadas estadísticamente mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Resultados: De los participantes, 60,9% eran del sexo femenino y el 39.1% del masculino con edades entre 15 a 49 años. Se encontró un (76,6%) de cambios histopatológicos foliculares. La relación de los cambios histopatológicos y la medida de espacios pe- ricoronarios no fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0,470), sin embargo se observó una alta prevalencia de patología folicular (75,7%) en el grupo de medidas ≤2,5mm, donde no debió observarse alteraciones. La relación entre cambios histopatológicos y la posición IB del tercer molar (90,9%) según la clasificación de Pell y Gregory fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0,031). Conclusiones: Los cambios histopatológicos en etapas tempranas no son observables radiográficamente, por lo que es indispensable el estudio histológico complementario. Se recomienda extraer profilácticamente los terceros molares no erupcionados, para evitar el desarrollo de patología folicular y enviar de manera rutinaria todas las muestras foliculares para su estudio histológico.
Manejo bajo sedación consciente de quiste de erupción en infante
Authors: Alvarez-Páucar Maria , Sacsaquispe-Contreras Sonia , Paredes-Paredes Ney
Published: March 2017

El quiste de erupción es un quiste extra óseo justo antes de la erupción de los dientes, se presenta de color negro azulado, debido a su contenido sanguinolento. Los problemas clínicos causados por su presencia son: retraso de erupción y dolor durante la masticación. No precisa tratamiento si las lesiones desaparecen por sí solos al romperse espontáneamente, permitiendo la erupción dental, aunque no siempre sucede esto y en caso de dolor o infección. El objetivo del presente estudio fue reportar el caso de un infante de 1 año y 8 meses que presentaba quiste de erupción, con aparente buen estado de salud que fue referido a la Clínica de Postgrado de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. El tratamiento quirúrgico de elección fue la ulectomía bajo sedación consciente, la excisión simple del quiste de erupción se realizó a nivel del diente 63, cuyo propósito fue evacuar su contenido y eliminar la presión intracística. Se realizó la monitorización del proceso de erupción dental para asegurar un desarrollo adecuado y evolución favorable, devolviendo la salud de los tejidos blandos y manteniendo una buena salud oral.
Research and Application of SCADA System for the Microgrid
Authors: Li Shuangshuang , Jiang Baochen , Wang Xiaoli , Dong Lubei
Published: March 2017

The effective Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system can improve the reliability, safety and economic benefits of microgrid operation. In this research, the lower central controller and upper WEB monitoring system are connected by the SCADA system which is as the hub of microgrid intelligent monitoring platform. This system contains a set of specific functions programmed by Java as a middleware which can provide control and communication between the central controller and the upper monitoring system. The system realizes the real-time data acquisition and storage, the control instructions parsing and transmitting, the microgrid security and stability, the load balancing and resource recovery of the microgrid. All that functions have been tested and verified in the actual operation.
Mercury Levels in Human Hair and Farmed Fish near Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Communities in the Madre de Dios River Basin, Peru
Authors: Langeland Aubrey L. , Hardin Rebecca D. , Neitzel Richard L.
Published: March 2017

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) has been an important source of income for communities in the Madre de Dios River Basin in Peru for hundreds of years. However, in recent decades, the scale of ASGM activities in the region has increased dramatically, and exposures to a variety of occupational and environmental hazards related to ASGM, including mercury, are becoming more widespread. The aims of our study were to: (1) examine patterns in the total hair mercury level of human participants in several communities in the region and compare these results to the 2.2 µg/g total hair mercury level equivalent to the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee of Food Additives (JECFA)’s Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI); and (2), to measure the mercury levels of paco (Piaractus brachypomus) fish raised in local aquaculture ponds, in order to compare these levels to the EPA Fish Tissue Residue Criterion of 0.3 µg Hg/g fish (wet weight). We collected hair samples from 80 participants in four communities (one control and three where ASGM activities occurred) in the region, and collected 111 samples from fish raised in 24 local aquaculture farms. We then analyzed the samples for total mercury. Total mercury levels in hair were statistically significantly higher in the mining communities than in the control community, and increased with increasing distance away from the Madre de Dios headwaters (as the crow flies), did not differ by sex, and frequently exceeded the reference level. Regression analyses indicated that higher hair mercury levels were associated with residence in ASGM communities. The analysis of paco fish samples found no samples that exceeded the EPA tissue residue criterion. Collectively, these results align with other recent studies showing that ASGM activities are associated with elevated human mercury exposure. The fish farmed through the relatively new process of aquaculture in ASGM areas appeared to have little potential to contribute to human mercury exposure. More research is needed on human health risks associated with ASGM to discern occupational, residential, and nutritional exposure, especially through tracking temporal changes in mercury levels as fish ponds age, and assessing levels in different farmed fish species. Additionally, research is needed to definitively determine that elevated mercury levels in humans and fish result from the elemental mercury from mining, rather than from a different source, such as the mercury released from soil erosion during deforestation events from mining or other activities.
Los aspectos educativos de la Ley Orgánica 01/2004 de 28 de diciembre, de medidas de protección integral contra la violencia de género
Authors: Costa Patricia Rosalba Salvador Moura , Macarro Maria José Marco
Published: March 2017

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un análisis de cómo el tema educativo se coloca en la Ley Orgánica 01/2004, de 28 de diciembre, que trata de las medidas de protección integral contra la violencia de género en España. Consideramos el análisis del texto basado en los estudios del discurso, Foucault(2010). Hemos analizado la Ley española que cumple con los requisitos de los tratados internacionales en el desarrollo de la normativa de la violencia de género. Presenta una herramienta legislativa completa que trata de la violencia cuyas víctimas son las mujeres y el autor es el hombre. La cuestión de educación se trata en el ámbito de la prevención prevista por la ley. Muestra diferentes formas de entender, y hablar sobre la desigualdad que afectan a hombres y mujeres, que varían en función del nivel educativo en que el estudiante está sometido. El debate de género está alienado a casi todas las fases de la educación, solamente estando efectivo en la Enseñanza Superior.
HAKIKAT HAJI MENURUT PARA SUFI
Authors: Istianah Istianah
Published: March 2017

Hakikat ibadah haji pada dasarnya adalah suatu tindak mujahadah (upaya jiwa yang sungguh-sungguh) untuk memeperoleh kesadaran musyahadah (penyaksian).  Yakni proses kegigihan seorang hamba mengunjungi Baitullah sebagai sarana bertemu (liqa’) dengan Tuhan.  Ibadah Haji adalah simbol kepulangan manusia kepada Tuhan yang Maha Mutlak. Oleh karena itu, niatkan haji hanya semata-mata karena Allah Swt. Pakailah pakain kejujuran dan buang jauh-jauh sifat keangkuhan, kebanggaan dan semua atribut (label) yang biasa melekat pada diri. Manusia harus menjadikannya titik orientasinya hanya kepada Allah (QS. Al-An’am:162- 163), sebagaimana yang digambarkan ketika sedang thawaf. Bahwa kita bagian dari seluruh jagad raya yang selalu tunduk dan patuh kepada Tuhan. Sekaligus gambaran akan larut dan leburnya manusia dalam hadirat Ilahi (al-fana’fi Allah). Saat menyembelih kurban niatkan untuk menyembelih “nafsu kebinatangan” yang ada dalam diri. Sifat egoisme, dehumanisme, sifat kerakusan, keserakahan, ketamakan dan sifat-sifat buruk lainnya. Keberhasilan ibadah haji bukan dilihat dari berapa kalinya seseorang menunaikannya. Akan tetapi lebih ditentukan oleh kesadaran musyahadahnya kepada Tuhan. Karena musyahadah inilah yang akan membentuk visi kemanusiaan, keadilan dan solidaritas sosial. Kesadaran yang demikian  akan membentuk manusia yang arif. Yakni  manusia yang mampu memberikan kesejukan, kecintaan, kebenaran dan keadilan di muka bumi sehingga mampu membersihkan dari unsur-unsur duniawi dan membangunnya di atas batin yang tulus dan suci. Dengan demikian, keadilan kejujuran dan kemanusiaan sejati akan mudah tersemai di bumi.

 
Mencari Makna Hidup Dengan Jalan Sufi di Era Modern
Authors: Saliyo Saliyo
Published: March 2017

Tujuan ditulisnya artikel  ini untuk mengetahui perilaku sufi di era modern berkaitan dengan makna hidup. Pertanyaannya apakah seseorang yang menempuh perilaku sufi mampu menemukan makna hidup. Masalahnya kehidupan di era modern banyak tantangan dan permasalahan  yang dihadapi setiap orang. Salah satu cara seseorang menemukan makna hidup dengan menggunakan keyakinan-keyakinan spiritual dan agama. Spiritual yang dimiliki seseorang akan menghasilkan ibadah, amal shaleh, dan akhlak yang mulia. Pandangan tersebut merupakan pandangan para pemilih jalan kehidupan sufi.

 
Kesalehan normatif   adalah seseorang yang melaksanakan kewajiban sebagai orang Islam. Kewajiban tersebut adalah melaksanakan rukun Islam. Seseorang  yang mengambil jalan sufi harus kuat pengetahuan syari’at, tarekat, dan hakikat. Sisi lain sikap sufi yang positif menjadi tasawuf positif atau  dikenal dengan neosufisme. Sufisme merupakan spiritualitas yang sangat kompleks yang di dalamnya ada moral, emosi, kognitif dan  spekulatif. Salah satu praktik perilaku sufi adalah puasa, meditasi, dan etika. Perilaku sufi merupakan representasi kebebasan spiritual yang melahirkan ketenangan, penyucian dan kebahagiaan yang luar biasa bersama Tuhan.    Manusia  tidak  bisa  lepas dari   ikatan  ikatan  permasalahan psikologi yang san gat kompleks dan ikatan biologi. Kekuatan yang dimiliki manusia adalah apabila orang tersebut mampu menjalin hubungan dengan Tuhannya secara internal dengan kuat. Langkah-langkahnya dalam  perilaku  sufi dengan cara  taubat, zuhud, sabar, tawakal, dan cint a terhadap Allah
José Manuel Blecua: Enseñar poesía con una guerra civil por medio
Authors: RAMOS Rafael
Published: March 2017

En este artículo sobre la antología Las flores en la poesía española, publicada por José Manuel Blecua en 1944, se analiza el contenido de la misma en el contexto de los estudios filológicos de la primera posguerra. Se estudia la manera en que la selección de los textos transmite una clara intencionalidad política progresista, así como una manera de entender y enseñar literatura ligada al antiguo Centro de Estudios Históricos y la gran escuela española de filología, entonces prácticamente silenciada por el exilio o la represión.
Apuntes sobre el problema de las contaminaciones en los textos en prosa
Authors: SEGRE Cesare
Published: March 2017

A partir de las conclusiones extraídas del análisis de la tradición del Bestiare d’Amours de Richart de Fornival, el presente artículo aspira a fijar un decálogo de coordenadas útiles a la hora de enfrentarse a la edición de textos en prosa de la época prehumanística (y aun después).
Contaminaciones de autor en la canción de Quevedo “Pues quita Primavera al año el ceño”
Authors: BLECUA PERDICES Alberto
Published: March 2017

El presente artículo pasa revista al concepto de “contaminación”, uno de los caballos de batalla de la crítica textual; la ejemplifica a partir del exemplo XXXVI del Conde Lucanor y de la canción de Quevedo “Pues quita Primavera al año el ceño”, que el autor del Buscón retocó hasta en seis ocasiones.
Sobre los límites de la estemática maasiana: Los Hechos Apócrifos de Tomás y su lengua original
Authors: MUÑOZ GALLARTE Israel
Published: March 2017

La presente nota filológica pone de manifiesto los límites a los que se enfrenta la estemática maasiana al abordar la edición de textos marcados por el sello de los orígenes del Cristianismo. Para ejemplificar el problema, se aborda una de las cuestiones filológicas más debatidas en la literatura académica actual, como es la de la lengua originaria en que fueron escritos los Hechos apócrifos de Tomás (HT).
¿Una edición contaminada? El Par. BnF lat. 2876 y la editio princeps de Pseudo-Sisberto de Toledo (Isidorus 122 Hispalensis, Opera omnia, Jacques Du Breul, París, 1601)
Authors: CANCELA CILLERUELO Álvaro
Published: March 2017

En 1601 Jacques Du Breul publicó la editio princeps de tres obras tradicionalmente consideradas hispano-visigodas y conocidas como el corpus de Pseudo-Sisberto de Toledo (ss. VII-IX); para su publicación, el filólogo Nicolás Lefèvre transcribió supuestamente un solo códice, hoy perdido, otrora conservado en la abadía de Saint-Maur-des-Fossés (París). El presente trabajo defiende que, por ser este tal vez mútilo o lagunoso, para el final del texto el modelo transcrito fue, en realidad, el códice PARÍS, BNF lat. 2876 (s. XII), con el que acaso se corrigió el texto del manuscrito perdido; la identificación de la escritura de Lefèvre en marginalia del lat. 2876 permite reconocer en este códice un libro de su biblioteca personal y reconsiderar las fuentes manuscritas de la edición de Du Breul, abriendo la posibilidad de que su texto esté contaminado.
Fenómenos de contaminación en la Llama de amor viva (tradición A) de San Juan de la Cruz
Authors: TANGANELLI Paolo
Published: March 2017

Se propone un nuevo stemma codicum para la tradición manuscrita A del comentario sanjuanista de la Llama de amor viva. Dicha genealogía presupone unos fenómenos de intensa contaminación, no detectados anteriormente, sobre todo dentro de la familia más numerosa de testimonios. Además, se examinan las omisiones por homoioteleuton para una mejor individuación de los rastros de perturbación, así como para una general confirmación del estema.
Un posible caso de contaminación en la tradición textual del Caballero dama de Cristóbal de Monroy y Silva
Authors: PINTACUDA Paolo
Published: March 2017

En la tradición textual de la comedia de Monroy y Silva El caballero dama, un testimonio especialmente autorizado, que representa una de las dos ramas procedentes del arquetipo, parece presentar un caso de contaminación. El fenómeno resulta de notable interés ecdótico, porque lleva el editor del texto, a la hora de seleccionar las variantes adiaforas, a inclinarse hacia la otra rama.
Segunda mirada desde otro planeta. Lazarillo de Tormes como prueba (o apuesta) sobre la aplicabilidad del neolachmannismo a tradiciones modernas
Authors: TROVATO Paolo
Published: March 2017

El presente artículo, firmado por un romanista que consagra buena parte de sus trabajos y de sus días a la Comedia de Dante, pasa respetuosa y —en lo posible— concienzuda revista a las ediciones críticas del Lazarillo de Tormes en el haber de Jaime Moll, Jesús Cañas, Félix Carrasco, Aldo Ruffinatto, Alberto Blecua y Francisco Rico, así como a las últimas apostillas de Arturo Rodríguez López-Abadía y Arturo Rodríguez López Vázquez, para proponer un nuevo estema —de cuño neolachmanniano— para la obra cumbre de la picaresca española.
Entre la Historia y la epopeya: el Panegírico a Felipe V de Enríquez de Navarra
Authors: PONCE CÁRDENAS Jesús
Published: March 2017

El artículo estudia la figura y la obra de Luis Enríquez de Navarra y Marín (1648-1722) junto a la de su hijo, el jesuita Diego Enríquez de Navarra y Haro (1675-1710). En primer lugar, se reconstruyen los trazos principales de su biografía a partir de varios datos documentales sobre el origen y linaje de dos ingenios de la España de los novatores, hoy apenas conocidos. Seguidamente, se esboza el breve catálogo de las obras conservadas de ambas figuras. Especial atención se dedica a su poema más ambicioso, el Panegírico a Felipe V, impreso en Madrid en 1708. El examen detenido de este elogio del soberano atenderá a los datos históricos, los rasgos épicos y los estilemas gongorinos.
Discreteness causes waves
Authors: Anashin Vladimir
Published: March 2017

In the paper, we show that matter waves can be derived from discreteness and
causality. Namely we show that matter waves can naturally be ascribed to
finite discrete causal systems, the Mealy automata having binary input/output
which are bit sequences. If assign real numerical values (?measured
quantities?) to bit sequences, the waves arise as a correspondence between
the numerical values of input sequences (?impacts?) and output sequences
(?system-evoked responses?). We show that among all discrete causal systems
with arbitrary (not necessarily binary) inputs/outputs, only the ones with
binary input/output can be ascribed to matter waves ?(x,t) = ei(kx??t).
The role of physical therapy in the treatment of post-traumatic contracture of the elbow in children
Authors: Bogdan Maja , Mikov Aleksandra
Published: March 2017

Introduction. Elbow fractures account for 7-9% of all fractures in
children, while supracondylar humeral fractures are the most common
fractures in the elbow joint region. Most of these fractures are seen in
children between 5 and 8 years of age. Management of elbow injuries.
Orthopedic treatment of elbow injuries includes conservative and/or surgical
treatment, and outcomes are much better in children than in adults. The main
contributing factors to the development of elbow contractures include the
severity of the trauma, intra-articular damage, and length of
immobilization. The literature is still limited in terms of the time
required for regaining good elbow range of motion after contracture.
Complication of elbow injuries. Neurological deficits may be treated
conservatively, by electrical stimulation, vitamin therapy and intensive
exercises. Physical therapy of elbow contracture. Some authors showed that,
in uncomplicated cases of supracondylar elbow fractures, physical therapy is
not necessary in order to regain adequate range of motion. On the other
hand, according to guide recommendations, after post-traumatic elbow
immobilisation and reduced mobility, patients should undergo occupational
and physical therapy as soon as possible after the period of immobilization.
It has been proven that combined active and passive therapeutic programs
significantly improve the range of motion of the elbow joint. Conclusion.
The therapeutic approach to post-traumatic contracture of the elbow should
be individual, patiently and properly dosed, with follow-up of pathogenesis
and kinesiology disorders. However, physicians should be aware of the fact
that particular attention should primarily be paid to the prevention of
contractures.

 This article has been corrected. Link to the correction 10.2298/MPNS1708202E
Labelling of food: A challenge for many
Authors: Henderikx Frans
Published: March 2017

Background: In food marketing, there is a trend towards artisanal,
traditional ?honest? food, and simultaneously to good looking, long lasting,
multi-purpose food with a clean label. In addition, marketeers like to
upgrade the image of the food, including the label, using various digital
techniques. This can produce (un)intended non-conformities with the current
food law on labelling, which in this review, refers to Regulation (EU) No
1169/2011 (European Union, 2011). Food and meat labelling have been
subjected to increased regulation in the recent years, sometimes after
scandals (horse-gate, food fraud), sometimes due to wishes of consumer
organisations (nutritional information) and sometimes after the introduction
of new types of ingredients (sweeteners, phytosterols, nanomaterials).
Scope and approach: This review provides information about food labelling.
Some experiences gathered by food inspectorate personnel in practice, with
reference to the literature data, positive aspects, main problems and trends
are discussed. Key findings and conclusion: Food labelling is a complex
requirement, with the general demands written down in the harmonized
regulation (European Union, 2011). Foods sold by e-commerce must also follow
these same regulations. However, many food labels on the market show smaller
and/or bigger deviations from the legal requirements, which should be
appropriately addressed by the food manufacturers or packers, but also by
the competent authorities. Even training of consumers seems to be needed,
since all this information is, in the end, intended for consumers to aptly
utilise.
Manos limpias y manos llenas: la filosofía y la inquietud
Authors: Escamilla González Aragón Juan Manuel , Rosales Meana Diego Ignacio
Published: March 2017

Editorial de Open Insight vol. VII no. 12, julio-diciembre, 2016
Projeto Político-Pedagógico: uma possibilidade de gestão democrática
Authors: Costa Daianny Madalena
Published: March 2017

Neste artigo, partimos da promulgação da Constituição Federal (1988), enquanto um marco a favor da democracia, a qual estabeleceu a educação como direito social (art 6º), que visa o pleno desenvolvimento humano (art. 205) e que tem a gestão democrática como princípio (art. 206, VI). Dela decorreu o conjunto de legislações posteriormente. Porém, por mais que uma lei aponte para um fim, é inegável a participação da sociedade para que efetivamente se consolide. Assim, por meio de uma metodologia dialógica, entre ação-reflexão-ação, analisaremos a construção dos projetos políticos-pedagógicos (PPPs) enquanto uma possibilidade viável de gestão democrática, realizada numa rede municipal de educação, de uma cidade da região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba, no estado de São Paulo. Bobbio (1986) afirma que “para o regime democrático, o estar em transformação é seu Estado natural: a democracia é dinâmica, o despotismo é estático e sempre igual a si mesmo” (p. 9). Desse modo, buscar princípios democráticos, significa compreendê-los em transformação e permanente negação aos autoritarismos e despotismos que fazem parte dos jogos do poder. Consideramos, portanto, que os PPPs podem ser a proposta enunciada para um planejamento participativo e democrático e, ao mesmo tempo, seu guardião. Ou seja, da mesma forma que o convite realizado para sua preparação seja por meio de uma construção coletiva, democrática e participativa, a gestão democrática será pautada enquanto “um capítulo”, construída no cerne do documento, que remeta a uma constante apropriação, amadurecimento e sustentação da vida escolar como princípio democrático. Palavras-chave: Projeto Político-Pedagógico. Democracia. Participação.