bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low Dose Bupivacaine (0.25%) with Fentanyl vs Ropivacaine (0.25%) with Fentanyl for Caudal Analgesia in Paediatric Patients: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Rekhi Balwinder Kaur , Kumar Parmod , Mishra Kanica , Singh Manjeet , Gandhi Gurjit Singh
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Caudal epidural block is one of the most common regional techniques in paediatric anaesthesia for infraumbilical surgeries. Though bupivacaine is widely used because of its long duration, ropivacaine is a newly emerging drug having differential neuraxial blockade with less motor block and reduced cardiovascular and Central Nervous System (CNS) toxicity. To further increase the duration and quality various adjuvants have been added. Aim: To compare low dose bupivacaine-fentanyl with ropivacaine-fentanyl in terms of hemodynamic stability, duration of analgesia, postoperative pain, level of sedation, and side-effects profile among patients undergoing infraumbilical surgery. Materials and Methods: A double-blind, randomised study was conducted on 60 children undergoing elective infraumbilical surgery. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each into Bupivacaine-Fentanyl (BF) group and RopivacaineFentanyl (RF) group, using a simple envelope method. After securing airway, caudal block was given. Group BF received 0.25% bupivacaine 0.5 mL/kg with fentanyl 0.5 mcg/kg and Group RF received 0.25% ropivacaine 0.5 mL/kg with fentanyl 0.5 mcg/kg. Postoperative pain was assessed using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) pain assessment scale, for 12 hours. The hemodynamics, duration of analgesia, rescue analgesia requirement and side effects (bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression, retching, urinary retention, vomiting) were noted and analysed statistically. Results: The mean duration of analgesia in the BF group was 270±46.60 minutes and in the RF group was 430±68.83 minutes (p-value <0.001). Patients requiring rescue analgesia were 12 in Group BF and 5 in Group RF. Mean FLACC reached ≥4 at 4.5 hours in group BF and at 7 hours in group RF. There was no significant difference in hemodynamics and side-effects profile (bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression, retching, urinary retention, vomiting) between the two groups. Conclusion: Low dose caudal ropivacaine-fentanyl combination is superior to that of caudal bupivacaine-fentanyl with respect to duration and intensity of intraoperative and postoperative analgesia.
Knowledge and Attitude about Eye Donation among First and Second versus Final Year MBBS Students: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Goyal Sumit , Sethi Neha K , Chadha Charu , Kaur Gagandeep , Grover Urvashi , Garg Anchal
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The cure of corneal blindness requires manifold increase in the rate of eye donation. The present study was undertaken to assess the knowledge and attitude about eye donation among medical students. A secondary objective of the study was to assess the impact of knowledge of eye donation after studying ophthalmology among the final year students of the MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine Bachelor of Surgery) graduation course. Aim: To assess knowledge and attitude about eye donation among first, second and final year medical students. Also, to assess the impact of studying ‘Ophthalmology’ on their knowledge. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting information on a predesigned, structured questionnaire on ‘Google forms’ and sending a soft copy to 601 students of two medical colleges i.e, GGS Medical College, Faridkot and Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India, by email, from March 2019 to April 2019. There were questions about awareness and source of information about eye donation in medical students, knowledge of criteria, and willingness to donate eyes. Responses were accepted till a period of seven days. Students were divided into two groups; group A (n=320 students) with 165 students in first professional year and 155 in second professional year, who had not studied Ophthalmology. Group B (n=281 students) with 142 students in final (part I) professional year and 155 in final (part II) professional year, who had/were studying Ophthalmology. Results were analysed and compared using Chi-square test. Results: Out of 601 students, 527 responded (272 of group A and 255 of group B). The results on knowledge and willingness to donate eyes were quite encouraging. Most of the questions were answered by more than 400 students. Majority of students cited teachers/friends as their source of knowledge. However, there was a saw significant gaps in knowledge in the students, specially before reading Ophthalmology (p-value<0.05). Conclusion: More efforts in the form of counselling techniques, short trainings, videos, need to be put into medical curriculum, ophthalmology teaching and short in-job trainings to make the MBBS students an important link in increasing cornea retrieval.
Emergence of Multidrug Resistant Vibrio cholerae O139 in Acute Diarrhoea Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital, West Bengal, India
Authors: Chaudhary Nabamita , Biswas Tanusri , Ghosh Purbasha , Chattopadhyay Saswati , Mondal Raston
Published: January 2023

Introduction: India is a developing country with many poor sanitation areas. Cholera, a water borne disease is rampant in areas of poor sanitation and is mainly due to Vibrio cholera of O1 and O139 serogroups causing acute cases of rice watery diarrhoea and high mortality. Infection due to Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Vibrio is on the rise. It is endemic in over 50 countries including India leading to a number of epidemics and pandemics. Till date, about seven pandemics have been identified due to cholera infection. Aim: To isolate Vibrio cholerae from acute diarrhoea cases with their antibiotic susceptibility and identify MDR strains, if any. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Burdwan Medical College, Purba Burdwan, West Bengal, India, from January 2021 to December 2021. Rectal swabs/faeces collected in Cary-Blair Transport Media were brought to the laboratory and incubated at 37°C for six hours; a loopful was inoculated in nutrient agar, MacConkey agar and selective media Thiosulphate-Citrate-Bile Salts-Sucrose agar (TCBS). Gram stain, motility, colony characteristics, oxidase test, cholera-red reaction and slide agglutination test was done. Diagnosis was confirmed; antibiotic susceptibility done and interpreted as per Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The data was collected and entered into Microsoft Excel software and presented as frequency and percentages. Results: Total 60 samples were collected and tested, out of which 24 (40%) were positive for Vibrio cholerae and nine in 24 (37.5%) samples were MDR strains. Twelve samples were from femlaes and 12 were from males, majority {5 (41.67%) females, 9 (75%) males} belonged to the age group of 0-5 years. Serotyping revealed that Vibrio cholerae O1 serogroup was identified in 8 (33.33%) cases and O-139 serotype in 16 (66.67%) samples. Rest were Escherichia coli (n=10, 25%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=5, 12.5%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=1, 25%). Conclusion: There is a rise of infections due to MDR strains of Vibrio O139 sero group in the community which needs early diagnosis and treatment for control. Vibrio cholerae strains were more resistant to fluoroquinolones, macrolides, tetracycline and Ampicillin.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Heart-type Fatty Acid Binding Protein for the Detection of Acute Myocardial Infarction among South Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Lalitha S Shenbaga , Sankar A , Purushothaman G , Sridevi Chaganti
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is a serious life threatening condition having a high mortality and morbidity rate. Hence, early detection and appropriate treatment is essential. Clinically Troponin I and Creatinine Kinase Myocardial Band (CK-MB) are currently used to detect AMI. But its rise in blood concentrations is seen only after 4-6 hours after the onset of AMI. Clinical research shows that Heart-type Fatty Acid Binding Protein (H-FABP), a novel biomarker, is beneficial in the early detection of AMI. Aim: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of H-FABP and compare with the existing blood biochemical markers, such as Troponin I and CK-MB, in the early detection of AMI in south Indian population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, south Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from March 2017 to April 2019. A total of 50 participants, aged between 40-75 years, and diagnosed with ST elevation myocardial infarction presenting within 24 hours to the emergency room were included. Serum was collected during the time of admission (0 hour), between 4-6 hours from the time of admission and between 12-24 hours from the time of admission for estimation of cardiac specific biomarkers such as cardiac troponin I, H-FABP, CK-MB. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the cardiac-specific biomarkers were calculated using Receiving Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. Results: There were 38 males and 12 females, with a mean age of 62.1±4.7 years. The sensitivity of H-FABP at the time of admission (0 hour) was 88%, 78% between 4-6 hours of admission, and 42% between 12-24 hours of admission. At 0 hour, the sensitivity of H-FABP (88%) was high compared to cardiac troponin I (43%) and CK-MB (40%). The accuracy of H-FABP and cTnI was equal (80% each) at the time of admission. At 4-6 hours after admission, cardiac troponin I showed higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy compared to H-FABP. ROC analysis showed the Area Under the Curve (AUC) for H-FABP was higher (0.81) compared to cardiac troponin I and CK-MB. Conclusion: H-FABP was found to be more sensitive compared to cardiac troponin I or CK-MB in AMI patients. Hence, early diagnosis of AMI is made possible with the H-FABP measurements.
Effect of Rosuvastatin and Glibenclamide in Alone or in Combination on Glucose Homeostasis in Diabetic Male Albino Wistar Rats: An Observer-blinded Experimental Interventional Study
Authors: Ganesan Suganya , More Balaji , Gnansegaran Selvalaxmi , Anandan Isswarya , Selvaraj Nitya , Mohanasundaram Jayaram
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a complex of metabolic disorders which include obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, hypertension along with dyslipidemia. It is not clear whether rosuvastatin is having role in new onset diabetes. Aim: To assess the effect of rosuvastatin in comparison to glibenclamide on blood sugar levels and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was carried out at Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Kalitheerthalkuppam, Puducherry on 42 adult male Wistar rats, for 8 weeks. Diabetes was created by feeding rats with High Fat and High Sugar (HFHS) diet over a period of 8 weeks. In total, 42 rats were allocated to in 7 groups, consisting of 6 animals per group. Group I -vehicle treated animals (control), group II - HFHS diet animals (Diabetic Control- DC), group III- glibenclimide (G) (5 mg/kg) + HFHS, group IV-rosuvastatin (R) (5 mg/kg) + HFHS, group V-R (10 mg/kg) + HFHS, group VI-G (5 mg/kg) + R (5 mg/kg) + HFHS diet, group VII-G (5 mg/kg) + R (10 mg/kg) + HFHS diet continued for 4 weeks. Rosuvastatin and glibenclamide were dissolved in distilled water and 95% ethanol respectively, and were given orally daily for 4 weeks after induction of diabetes. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 followed by non parametric test with significance level set for p-value<0.05. Results: By end of 8th week, on comparison of control group with HFHS diet and glibenclamide treated group, there was significant rise in body weight, serum Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), in addition to Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) and Triglycerides (TG) levels. Glibenclamide treated (group III) animals on comparison with groups IV, V, VI, VII revealed reduction in body weight, serum LDL, VLDL and TG levels (p <0.001). Glibenclamide treated (group III) on comparing with groups IV, V, VI, VII, there was significant high serum HDL level (p<0.001). By 8th week, significant decrease in serum insulin and HOMA-IR level was observed when glibenclamide group III was compared with groups IV to VII treated animals (p <0.001). Conclusion: The study results indicate that the combination therapy of rosuvastatin and glibenclamide demonstrate beneficial effects on weight reduction, lipid profile and insulin resistant.
Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders in and around Nalgonda District, Telangana, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Akinepalli Pullaiah , Badam Aradhana , Vithpala Praveena , Bandaru Aruna Kumari
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Among the endocrine disorders, thyroid disorders are the most common. Long term and excessive intake of fluoride plays a significant role in the development of thyroid disorders. Nalgonda is one of the highly drought-prone districts in Southern India and its groundwater has 10 to 15 parts per million (ppm) of fluoride in contrast to a maximum permitted level of just 1.5 ppm. The entire Nalgonda division is under the threat of fluorosis due to high concentration of fluoride in the drinking water. Aim: To assess the prevalence of thyroid disorders in and around areas of Nalgonda district, Telangana, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Nalgonda, Telangana, India, from December 2021 to May 2022. Total 391 subjects attending Outpatient Department (OPD) of General Medicine, Nalgonda were included in the study. Samples were analysed for thyroid function tests (total T3,T4, thyroid stimulating hormone) by chemiluminiscence immuno assay method in an Abbott architect ci4100 automated analyser. Statistical analysis was done by using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and results were expressed as prevalence percentages, mean±Standard Deviation (SD). Results: In the present study, the mean age was 39.5±20.506 years. Out of the total participants, 273 (69.8%) subjects were found to be euthyroid and 118 (30.2%) had thyroid disorders. Among 30.2% subjects with thyroid disorders, 32 (8.2%) were hypothyroid, 19 (4.9%) were hyperthyroid, 54 (13.8%) were having subclinical hypothyroidism, 13 (3.3%) were having subclinical hyperthyroidism. The prevalence of thyroid disorders was higher in females compared with males, with the ratio of 3:1 and females contributing to major disease burden. Conclusion: According to this study, prevalence of thyroid disorders was 30.2% with more disease burden in females. Subclinical hypothyroidism contributes to the major disease burden.
THE EMERGENCE OF COVID-19 PRESENTS THE NEED TO ADDRESS THE EXACERBATED STRUCTURAL GENDER INEQUALITIES BEYOND THE PANDEMIC
Authors: ENAIFOGHE Andrew
Published: January 2023

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic provided the world with the platform to address gender inequalities. Yet during pandemic, people were kept on lockdown at home and critical everyday activities were halted as part of efforts to curb its spread. This study found that over 1 billion children and youth were out of school, resulting in learning impairments for kids, particularly those from low-income families. Approximately 94% of the world's employees live in nations that have work closures. With the global economy plummeting by 5% in 2020, and without steps to protect the most vulnerable, the number of people living in severe poverty rose by 96 million in 2021. The pandemic and its economic ramifications have had a regressive influence on gender equality. This study argues for the continuing need to address structural gender inequalities and women’s issues.
FINANCIAL SITUATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL UNITS – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLISH VOIVODESHIPS
Authors: GRZEBYK Mariola , STEC Małgorzata , HEJDUKOVA Pavlina
Published: January 2023

This paper compares and statistically evaluates two complex phenomena emerging from the example of Polish voivodeships in the years 2017-2019: the resulting financial situation and the level of sustainable development. The authors applied a model-free research method of linear ordering for objects, taking into account the dynamics of this approach. Through this method, the authors determined the financial situation and sustainable development of Polish voivodeships by using the values of synthetic measures. The results of the study confirm previous findings about differentiation of Polish voivodeships as regards to both their financial situations and their levels of sustainable development. Conclusions from this study may be the basis for comparison between the territorial units examined, helping future policy makers choose rationally. The methodological approach has great practical value, and might be used in comparative research: e.g., by territorial units in different countries to determine their own financial situations and levels of sustainable development.
ATTITUDES TOWARDS GLOBALIZATION, LIFE SATISFACTION, AND FEAR OF COVID-19 INFECTION. COMPARISON OF EMERGING AND OLDER ADULTS
Authors: JASIŃSKI Arkadiusz M. , BĄKOWSKA Agnieszka
Published: January 2023

Attitudes toward globalization are shaped by people’s direct experience with it. The COVID-19 pandemic can arguably be understood as a negative manifestation of globalization. The purpose of this study was to examine whether fear of COVID-19 infection and life satisfaction could be predictors of attitudes toward globalization. The study was crosssectional in nature and utilized intergroup comparison analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. Emerging adults (n = 157) and seniors (n = 119) were compared. Higher levels of accepting attitudes toward globalization were observed among the emerging adults, while a fear of contracting COVID-19 was found to be higher among seniors. In both study groups, a fearful attitude towards globalization was positively associated with fear of COVID-19 infection, and life satisfaction was negatively associated with infection. In addition, respondents viewed the COVID-19 pandemic itself as a negative manifestation of globalization.
THE USURY CRIME UNDER ART. 304 OF THE PENAL CODE IN THE CONTEXT OF BREACHES OF SAFE TRADE RULES OF ECONOMIC TURNOVER
Authors: KAMUDA Dorota , MIGAŁA-WARCHOŁ Aldona
Published: January 2023

This paper presents the issues that determine the security of business transactions, whose proper functioning is endangered by so-called usurers. It discusses crimes under Art. 304 § 1–3 of the Penal Code. The offense of usury, regulated in Art. 304 § 1 of the P.C., provides for the criminal liability of persons who, by taking advantage of the compulsory position of another natural person, legal entity, or organizational unit without legal personality, conclude a contract with it, imposing an obligation on it to perform disproportionate to the consideration. Article 304 § 2 and 3 of the P.C. regulate new types of usury, introduced into the legal system by the amendment of May 14, 2020, which penalizes behavior directed against consumers, consisting in demanding excessive interest or non-interest costs for providing a benefit with the obligation to return.
THE MEANING OF SERVICE DELIVERY PROTEST: A CASE STUDY OF SOUTH AFRICAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Authors: XOLANI Thusi , JILI Nokukhanya N. , MKHIZE Nkosingiphile , MLAMBO Victor H.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this article is to investigate the causes of service delivery protests in South African local government. The study utilized secondary data for the purposes of data collection. Local government in South Africa has witnessed lots of service delivery protest throughout the country and the cry is for effective and efficient public service delivery to the local communities throughout the country. It is vital to highlight that most of these protests are taking place as a result of corruption and bad management in South African local government. The general population is aware of this since media coverage of comparable incidents in South Africa is often quite public. The majority of South Africans are unemployed and they have to endure insurmountable poverty and deplorable living circumstances. As a consequence, the number of violent demonstrations in South Africa has increased.
The Effect of Financial Ratio on Stock Price of Banks Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)
Authors: Muktiadji Nusa , Pamungkas Bambang
Published: January 2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of financial ratios on stock prices ­of banks listed on the IDX, how _they influence _return on assets (ROA), debt -equity ratio (DER), price book value (PBV), and net profit margin (NPM)­. This research method uses the descriptive method. The unit of analysis is the banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The research sample is 50 bank companies. The analytical method used in this study is multiple linear regression method. The results showed that partially PBV has a positive effect on stock prices, while ROA has no positive effect. DER has no negative effect on stock prices, and NPM has no positive effect on stock prices. Simultaneously ROA, DER, PBV, and NPM affect stock prices at banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The limitations of this study are the limitations of the processed data and the variables used. This study ­would be helpful to the equity investment community, as material consideration for investing in companies.
Participatory Budgeting and Its Impact on the Social Development in Trujillo, Peru
Authors: Samanés Deisy Margaret Obeso
Published: January 2023

The Objective of research was  to determine how and in what way participatory budgeting affects social development in the city of Trujillo in 2022. The research was applied and mixed design, where the sample was for convenience, for the quantitative approach were 55 municipal managers and participants for the qualitative approach were 5 municipal managers. The participatory budgeting questionnaire and the social development questionnaire were used. It was concluded that participatory budgeting has an impact on social development in the city of Trujillo in 2022, through logistic regression with p = 0.000 and R2 Nagelkerke was 0.567, that is, it manages to explain by 54.5% the variability of the impact; The degree of budgetary participation was established, being predominantly moderately participatory (87%) and non-participatory (16%); The impact on social development of participatory budgeting was determined, predominantly medium impact (51%) followed by low impact (16%), highlighting 33% high impact; A relationship was found between participatory budgeting and social development and their dimensions. Regarding the phenomenology of participatory budgeting in social development, it is closely linked to the economic level, active participation is made viable in grassroots organizations in social programs, where there is the link that has significance for disadvantaged populations, and through that continuity with leaders (usually mothers, while their partners work all day) dialogues and training can be established, Other social programs may also promote interest in participating.
Application of UV-Visible Spectroscopy in Kinetic Study of Molybdate Complexation Reactions and Phosphate Content Quantitation
Authors: Kipkoech Josphat , Adongo John Onyango
Published: January 2023

UV-visible spectroscopic measurements were used to characterize the formation of two ammonium-molybdate complexes, to elucidate its kinetics, and to carry out spectrophotometric quantitation of percent phosphate content in selected commercially available fertilizers. The kinetic study of ammonium-molybdate [(NH3)6Mo7O24] reaction with hydrazine (N2H2) yielding ammonium-hydrazine-molybdate complex (AHM) and that of reaction of AHM with phosphate [PO4]3- to give phospho-ammonium-hydrazine-molybdate (AHPM) complex revealed that both proceed via zero-order kinetics (R2= 0.99) with rate constants in the order of 10-5 and 10-4 M/s respectively. The kinetic experiments revealed that the rate of formation of the AHM complex is sensitive to an increase in N2H2 ligand concentration. For both reactions, the highest complexation rates were observed within the first 1000 s. Complex dissociation and association equilibria events were observed at extended reaction periods in the kinetic experiments. The AHPM system (containing complexed phosphates) used in spectrophotometric quantitation of phosphate levels in fertilizer samples was found to obey the Beer-Lambert equation in the visible region at λ max. = 820 nm within the concentration range of 5 – 90% phosphate content (R2 = 0.99). Of the fertilizer randomized sampled from Nakuru Municipality in Kenya, and analyzed the percent phosphate content among the inorganic fertilizers was found to range between 61.7% - 82% with a mean of 72.86% +/- 6.98 SD. Whereas in the organic fertilizer samples investigated, it was found to range between 43.8% - 58.2% with means of 52.55% +/- 6.77 SD. The organic fertilizers were found to have significantly lower phosphate levels based on an unpaired t-test revealing that the mean percent concentrations between the two groups of fertilizer samples tested are significantly different at 95% CI (P value < 0.05).
Impact of Landslides on Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Western Ghats Soils
Authors: Waratadar Asif , Nirmalnath P. Jones , Navi Vithal , Shirahatti M. S. , Kuligod Vittal B.
Published: January 2023

Landslides cause major loss of natural forest ecosystem and it is negatively impact on forest land by depleting soil biological, physical and chemical properties to reduce crop productivity. The present study was conducted to assess the impact of landslides on soil quality of central Western Ghats regions of Karnataka. Soil samples were collected from Adlur, Kavalalli, Dongri, Artibail and Mastikatta to study the variation of soil biological physical and chemical properties in eroded and pristine soils. The results of the present investigation has revealed that the soil physicochemical properties such as water stable aggregates (60%), organic carbon (1.23%), organic matter (2.12%) and available N, P and K (323.41, 18.23 and 328.71 kg/ha respectively) were found to be higher in pristine ecosystem compared to eroded soils. Furthermore, soil biological properties like microbial biomass carbon, glomalin content and mycorrhizal spores and soil enzyme activity were found to be greater extent in the pristine ecosystem compared to eroded soils. The study highlights the impact of landslides on soil physicochemical and biological properties such that suitable remedies can be undertaken in order to prevent soil loss such that soil biological properties can be maintained which is pre-requisite for plant growth and development.
Evaluation of Antidiarrheal Activity of Aqueous Extract of Cucurbita moschata (Pumpkin) Leaf in Castor Oil Induced Diarrhea Wistar Rats
Authors: Ahmed Maryam Usman , Umaru Isaac John , Haruna Abraham Henry , Titus Diowato
Published: January 2023

Background: Diarrhea is one of the major health problems in developing countries leading to mortality and morbidity among children under 5 years of age. This study evaluated the antidiarrheal activities of Cucurbita moschata on castor oil-induced diarrheal wistar rats.

Methods: Thirty (30) wistar rats were divided into six groups of five rats each. All rats except group 1 received 1mL castor oil to induce diarrhea. Groups I and II served as the normal and negative control. Group III received the standard drug (loperamide), groups IV-VI were treated with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg b.wt of aqueous leaf extract of Cucurbita moschata respectively. Stool inhibition, castor oil-induced enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility test were determined to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of the extract.

Results: Percentage stool inhibition significantly (p < 0.05) increased with increase in the dose of the extract.  The percentage distance travelled by the charcoal of the groups treated with the plant extract significantly decreased when compared to the negative control. This decrease was comparable with the group administered loperamide. Administration of aqueous extract of Cucurbita moschata leaf significantly decreased the volume of the intestinal fluid when compared with the volume of intestinal fluid of the negative control and the group administered loperamide. 

Conclusion: Aqueous leaf extract of Cucurbita moschata possess antidiarrheal activity against castor oil-induced diarrhea.
RECONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA BIBLIOTECA DE ANDRÉS BELLO POR LAS MARCAS DE PROCEDENCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Font Claudia Castelletti
Published: January 2023

Estudio para la reconstitución de la Biblioteca de Andrés Bello López, uno de los más grandes polímatas chilenos, a partir del análisis de las marcas de procedencia bibliográfica. Esta importante biblioteca personal del siglo XIX fue adquirida por la Universidad de Chile después de su muerte. La metodología utilizada para analizar los libros jurídicos de Bello se basa en los catálogos más conocidos de la biblioteca, el manuscrito de Barros Arana del siglo XIX y el estudio de Velleman de 1995. Los elementos seleccionados se analizaron individualmente y se observaron junto con un grupo interconectado de marcas de procedencia: ex libris, sello grabado en la encuadernación, anotaciones manuscritas, ya sea anotadas en el margen o crucecitas, los números manuscritos que indicaban su ubicación en los anaqueles en el siglo XIX, las estampas de estrellas, notas OPAC, la individualidad de un ejemplar único en el país, combinado con fuentes historiográficas o de contenido. La metodología utilizada para los libros jurídicos podrá ser utilizada para la reconstrucción de la biblioteca, se sumará al acervo científico en el ámbito del derecho y se recuperará el patrimonio cultural y bibliográfico hispanoamericano.
A TRAJETÓRIA DE UM EXEMPLAR E OUTRAS HISTÓRIAS QUE SE REVELAM EM SUAS PÁGINAS
Authors: Bibas Marli Gaspar , Azevedo Fabiano Cataldo de
Published: January 2023

Este artigo se propõe a descrever a análise da obra Histoire de l’ origine et des premiers progrès de l’ Imprimerie, da coleção do primeiro curso de Biblioteconomia do Brasil, que foi trasladada da Fundação Biblioteca Nacional para a UNIRIO. A bibliografia material foi utilizada como metodologia, e de modo mais específico, para pesquisar o contexto histórico da publicação de 1740; analisar e descrever as características materiais do livro e do exemplar; identificar as marcas de proveniência e relacionar a trajetória do exemplar com a história da UNIRIO e de outras instituições a que pertenceu. A escolha do exemplar se fundamentou em uma de suas marcas de proveniência: o carimbo úmido da Real Biblioteca. Isso nos fez pensar sobre a trajetória que percorreu: impresso na Holanda, colecionado em Portugal, a chegada ao Brasil com o acervo fundador da Biblioteca Nacional brasileira, até sua permanência nas estantes da BC UNIRIO. Conclui-se que, de forma independente ou complementar, todas as marcas de proveniência nos narram a história social do livro.
AS DEDICATÓRIAS MANUSCRITAS NA COLEÇÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA DE CICCILLO MATARAZZO
Authors: Bastos Ana Wanessa Barroso , Nunes Jefferson Veras , Filgueiras Larissa Monte , Lima Tainá Copini Brasileiro de
Published: January 2023

Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar, mapear e analisar as dedicatórias do tipo manuscritas, apostas nos exemplares de livros da biblioteca particular do industrial e mecenas ítalo-brasileiro Francisco Antônio Paulo Matarazzo Sobrinho (Ciccillo Matarazzo), coleção especial que faz parte da biblioteca Acervos Especiais da Universidade de Fortaleza. A pesquisa aborda os conceitos de cultura e bibliografia material, marcas de proveniência e coleções especiais; discorre sobre as dedicatórias na História do livro e as suas tipologias; busca mapear as redes de sociabilidade de Ciccillo Matarazzo através das dedicatórias manuscritas, identificadas na coleção bibliográfica do mecenas; utiliza a metodologia de análise bibliológica que permite relatar todas as informações acrescentadas ao livro. A partir das análises, foi possível constatar as relações de sociabilidade de Ciccillo para com escritores, artistas, críticos, e outras personalidades importantes na História da arte brasileira, onde se apresentaram diferentes tipos de conexões, tais como: vínculos afetivos, conflituosos, gratíficos e profissionais. Permitiu-se também, firmar a magnitude de Ciccillo no meio artístico do Brasil. Este artigo contribui para fomentar estudos sobre livros raros incipientes na literatura biblioteconômica no Brasil.
CARIMBO, SIM
Authors: Araújo Jullyana Monteiro Guimarães de
Published: January 2023

O objetivo central desse trabalho é apresentar o carimbo como uma importante ferramenta de segurança em coleções especiais, considerando seu lugar como marca de proveniência e a relevância de garantir que itens roubados e/ou dissociados voltem para o lugar de onde foram retirados. Para isso, entende-se que coleções especiais são aquelas construídas por itens considerados, por seu valor distinto, especiais o suficiente para serem diferenciadamente preservados; segurança como os sistemas utilizados para prevenção de danos ao acervo como roubos e dissociação; marcas de proveniência como aquelas marcas extrínsecas ao item que configuram um vestígio do pertencimento desse item à uma instituição, biblioteca e/ou coleção; e especificamente, entende-se carimbo como a inscrição, desenho, arte, etc., gravado à tinta ou à seco e também o instrumento utilizado para realizar essa gravação. Conclui-se, dessa forma, que o carimbo é uma marca de proveniência que vai além da relevância enquanto controle de itens no acervo, sendo importante ainda para a proteção da instituição, a biblioteca e o item, assegurando que este retorne à ao lugar – biblioteca, coleção – de onde foi retirado, caso seja perdido em ocasião de roubo ou furto.
LIVROS E BIBLIOTECAS COMO PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL
Authors: Napoleone Luciana Maria , Beffa Maria Lucia
Published: January 2023

Uma sistematização de reflexões sobre patrimônio bibliográfico surgidas da prática profissional através de estudo exploratório com enfoque qualitativo, com apoio de pesquisa bibliográfica, combinada com observação e análise de exemplos dos acervos da Biblioteca da Faculdade de Direito da USP e da Biblioteca do TRF3. Inicialmente, o conceito de patrimônio bibliográfico é analisado a partir de textos legais e da literatura. Passa-se à discussão da visão do patrimônio bibliográfico e documental como uma grande zona cinzenta, que representa a indefinição, lacunas e incompletude do conceito de patrimônio bibliográfico e documental. Aborda os aspectos da raridade absoluta e raridade relativa, os critérios de recorte cronológico, de valoração cultural e de análise das marcas de proveniência bibliográfica, a memória institucional, a literatura cinzenta, a organização do conhecimento, as instituições de custódia e os níveis de memória, tratamento e descrição. Evidencia a múltipla função dos livros e bibliotecas e destaca a importância do contexto onde itens, coleções e bibliotecas estão inseridos para análise do patrimônio bibliográfico.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO CARIMBO E OUTRAS MARCAS DE PROPRIEDADE NO ACERVO DA BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL
Authors: Alves Monica Carneiro , Ramos Diana dos Santos , Fernandes Maria José da Silva
Published: January 2023

A Fundação Biblioteca Nacional (FBN) é uma das mais antigas e tradicionais instituições de estudo e pesquisa do Brasil, cujas diferentes denominações que teve ao longo do tempo foram resgatadas por meio de carimbos das publicações, prática de identificação adotada desde a sua gênese. Objetivou-se demonstrar a importância das marcas de propriedade em uma instituição como a FBN, analisando sua história, relatando ocorrências em que esses indicativos nos ajudaram a recuperar peças furtadas e informando sobre as atuais medidas tomadas pela instituição para garantir o uso correto e seguro dos carimbos, anotações e ex-libris. Extraíram-se dados sobre os furtos, e consequente recuperação das obras da coleção de iconografias da FBN, em jornais e nos relatórios gerenciais da FBN. Constatou-se que a despeito de todas as dificuldades que a recuperação de obras furtadas enfrenta, a FBN tem recuperado obras em momentos esparsos e em quantidades módicas. Dados do último levantamento da instituição informam que foram restituídos ao acervo cerca de 10% do total furtado, o que equivale a 12 das 102 peças que foram furtadas em 2004; e 116 das 1.096 peças que foram furtadas em 2005, e o elemento que permitiu repatriar os itens roubados foi justamente o carimbo.
O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA BMJVS SOB A ÓTICA DE SUAS COLEÇÕES ESPECIAIS
Authors: Cirne Thiago
Published: January 2023

O levantamento sobre as coleções especiais da Procuradoria Geral do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PGE-RJ) foi iniciado em 2010, quando identificou-se o acervo que pertenceu ao jurista Francisco Campos. A partir de então, foram mapeadas importantes bibliotecas particulares adquiridas pela instituição. Este artigo objetiva analisar o acervo da Biblioteca Marcos Juruena Villela Souto (BMJVS) a partir da formação de coleções especiais no contexto da PGE-RJ. Metodologicamente, na maioria dos casos, foram analisadas as entradas administrativas das obras, a partir dos volumes de livros de tombo, fontes fidedignas que registraram a formação e desenvolvimento da BMJVS. Este procedimento permitiu mapear uma parte considerável das coleções uma vez que as colunas “observações”, que constavam nos registros, foram importantes indicadores sobre os doadores. Posteriormente, foram iniciados os procedimentos de análise material, primeiramente pela Coleção Octavio Tarquinio e Lucia Miguel Pereira, seguindo o projeto de descrição e análise (2017). Após estas etapas, ainda em curso, observou-se que a biblioteca da PGE-RJ possui 8 coleções especiais, com forte apelo histórico e de considerável vínculo com atores ligados à trajetória da instituição. Estas coleções, com suas marcas plurais, tornam-se partes integrantes do patrimônio bibliográfico, não apenas da Procuradoria, mas de todo o estado.
MARCAS DE PROVENIÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA E A BIOGRAFIA DOS OBJETOS NA COLEÇÃO SILVIO GOLDGEWICHT (BMJVS/PGE-RJ)
Authors: Domingues Marcelo Augusto Mendonça
Published: January 2023

O artigo analisa a coleção de Silvio Goldgewicht, um ex-procurador que teve sua biblioteca particular doada à instituição para qual trabalhou por 30 anos. Esta coleção integra o conjunto de coleções especiais da Biblioteca Marcos Juruena Villela Souto (BMJVS), na PGE-RJ. Adotou-se como aportes metodológicos para análise as marcas de proveniência da Coleção Silvio Goldgewicht à luz da biografia dos objetos e da teoria pierceana. O acervo de 706 obras da Coleção Silvio Goldgewicht, doado para a PGE-RJ em 2018, é formado, principalmente por obras jurídicas. No corpus selecionado foram identificadas as seguintes marcas de proveniência: ex libris manuscritos, carimbos, etiquetas e dedicatórias manuscritas. No tocante às etiquetas pôde-se identificar três tipos: a de livreiros/livrarias, a de encadernadores, a de instituições. Em relação às dedicatórias foram encontradas ofertas tanto para o Dr. Leon (pai de Silvio), para o Dr. Silvio e para ambos, em conjunto. Conclui-se que ao falar de marcas de proveniência bibliográfica, seu estudo nos permite entender melhor um dado conjunto bibliográfico, seu tamanho, suas particularidades, como ele se desenvolveu ao longo do tempo, de modo que seja possível traçar caminhos e tentar entender como os livros circularam e chegaram a determinada coleção.
AS MARCAS DE PROVENIÊNCIA DA COLEÇÃO CELSO CUNHA
Authors: Silva Rosângela Coutinho da
Published: January 2023

O presente artigo versa sobre a identificação das marcas de proveniência existente nos materiais bibliográficos que pertenceram ao eminente gramático, filólogo e medievalista professor Celso Cunha (1917-1989), essa coleção foi adquirida em 26.07.1991 e integra as coleções especiais da Biblioteca José de Alencar da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). O inventário das marcas de proveniência de cada item que compõe a coleção supracitada está sendo desenvolvido desde 2017 e, até o momento, foram constatadas 2.011 anotações manuscritas, 619 carimbos, 671 assinaturas e 3.126 dedicatórias. O período de cobertura da Coleção compreende os anos de 1533 até 1989. A coleta de dados do corpus nos permitiu identificar: etiquetas de livrarias, anotações manuscritas, ex-libris e dedicatórias. Conclui-se que as marcas de proveniência são elementos que permitem estabelecer o itinerário geográfico e intelectual das publicações e identificar a quem pertenceu o livro, seus leitores, contextualizar no tempo e no espaço o seu proprietário. Permitem múltiplas possibilidades de pesquisa a partir da sua identificação e divulgação. Esse estudo aprofundado do acervo propicia a valoração do patrimônio bibliográfico da coleção além de dar maior segurança patrimonial em casos de furto ou roubo com descrição detalhada das marcas da coleção.
MARCAS DO OFÍCIO
Authors: Tartaglia Ana Roberta de Souza
Published: January 2023

O presente artigo traça um breve panorama da história de estabelecimentos comerciais livreiros no Brasil, com especial destaque para o Rio de janeiro. Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar os encadernadores que existiram no Rio de janeiro oitocentista. Procedeu-se a coleta de dados a partir das coleções sob a responsabilidade da Fundação Casa de Rui Barbosa (FCRB), da Biblioteca de História das Ciências e da Saúde (BHCS) da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz / FIOCRUZ e da Seção de Obras Raras A. Overmeer / Biblioteca de Manguinhos (BibMang) / ICICT / FIOCRUZ.  A coleta de dados nos permitiu identificar os seguintes encadernadores: Leuzinger, Laemmert e Lombaerts, bem como foi possível mapear suas áreas de localização, principais serviços oferecidos. Este estudo explorou apenas uma das fontes utilizadas pelos profissionais do século XIX para anunciarem seus serviços, o Almanack Laemmert. Muitos outros podem ser consultados para ajudar a identificar os oficiais da arte de encadernar os livros. Hoje, as raras etiquetas de encadernadores e oficinas de encadernação permitem o não apagamento dessa atividade, porém, o desafio maior é lançar luz às marcas que camuflam a atividade no rol dos serviços que ofereciam.
Manufacturer Revenue on Inhalers After Expiration of Primary Patents, 2000-2021
Authors: Feldman William B. , Tu S. Sean , Alhiary Rasha , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Wouters Olivier J.
Published: January 2023

This study quantifies the revenue earned on all brand-name inhalers approved by the US Food and Drug Administration from 2000 to 2021 and compared earnings before and after expiration of primary patents on these products.
Development of a Model to Estimate the Optimal Number of Oocytes to Attempt to Fertilize During Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatment
Authors: Correia Katharine F. B. , Missmer Stacey A. , Weinerman Rachel , Ginsburg Elizabeth S. , Rossi Brooke V.
Published: January 2023

Importance

Surplus cryopreserved embryos pose a challenge for in vitro fertilization patients and clinics; with Roe v. Wade overturned, some states may deem the discarding of surplus embryos illegal, radically changing in vitro fertilization practice. An evidence-based tool would help limit surplus embryo creation.

Objective

To develop a prediction tool for determining how many oocytes should be exposed to sperm to create embryos to conserve the chance of live birth while minimizing surplus embryos.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This diagnostic study used data from member clinics of the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinical Outcomes Reporting System between 2014 to 2019. A total of 410 719 oocyte retrievals and 460 577 embryo transfer cycles from 311 237 patients aged 18 to 45 years old who initiated their first oocyte stimulation cycle between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2019, were included. Data were analyzed from February to June 2022.

Exposures

Female patient age, anti-mullerian hormone level, diminished ovarian reserve diagnosis, number of oocytes retrieved, and the state where the clinic is located were included in the final models.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The algorithm was based on 3 models with outcomes: (1) day of transfer; (2) proportion of retrieved oocytes that become usable blastocysts; and (3) number of blastocysts needed for transfer for 1 live birth to occur.

Results

The median (IQR) age at stimulation cycle start was 35 (29-32) years and the median (IQR) number of oocytes retrieved was 10 (6-17). The likelihood of recommending that all oocytes be exposed to sperm increased with age; less than 20.0% of retrievals among patients younger than 32 years and more than 99.0% of retrievals among patients older than 42 years received recommendations that all oocytes be exposed to sperm. Among cycles recommended to expose fewer than all oocytes, the median (IQR) numbers recommended for 1 live birth were 7 oocytes (7-8) for patients aged less than 32 years, 8 (7-8) for patients aged 32 to 34 years, and 9 (9-11) for patients aged 35 to 37 years.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this diagnostic study of in vitro fertilization cycles, a prediction tool was developed to aid clinicians in determining the optimal number of oocytes to expose to sperm, reducing the number of unused embryos created and immediately addressing current patient and clinician concerns.
Travel Times to Facilities Offering Oral Medication Therapy for COVID-19
Authors: Kahn Peter A. , Ying Xiaohan , Mathis Walter S.
Published: January 2023

This quality improvement study evaluates access to oral COVID-19 therapeutics within communities in the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia.
Evaluation of treatment planning system accuracy in estimating the stopping‐power ratio of immobilization devices for proton therapy
Authors: Jiang Kai , MacFarlane Michael , Mossahebi Sina , Zakhary Mark J.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

To assess treatment planning system (TPS) accuracy in estimating the stopping‐power ratio (SPR) of immobilization devices commonly used in proton therapy and to evaluate the dosimetric effect of SPR estimation error for a set of clinical treatment plans.

Methods

Computed tomography scans of selected clinical immobilization devices were acquired. Then, the water‐equivalent thickness (WET) and SPR values of these devices based on the scans were estimated in a commercial TPS. The reference SPR of each device was measured using a multilayer ion chamber (MLIC), and the differences between measured and TPS‐estimated SPRs were calculated. These findings were utilized to calculate corrected dose distributions of 15 clinical proton plans for three treatment sites: extremity, abdomen, and head‐and‐neck. The original and corrected dose distributions were compared using a set of target and organs‐at‐risk (OARs) dose–volume histogram (DVH) parameters.

Results

On average, the TPS‐estimated SPR was 19.5% lower (range, −35.1% to 0.2%) than the MLIC‐measured SPR. Due to the relatively low density of most immobilization devices used, the WET error was typically <1 mm, but up to 2.2 mm in certain devices. Overriding the SPR of the immobilization devices to the measured values did not result in significant changes in the DVH metrics of targets and most OARs. However, some critical OARs showed noticeable changes of up to 6.7% in maximum dose.

Conclusions

The TPS tends to underestimate the SPR of selected proton immobilization devices by an average of about 20%, but this does not induce major WET errors because of the low density of the devices. The dosimetric effect of this SPR error was negligible for most treatment sites, although the maximum dose of a few OARs exhibited noticeable variations.