bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Está tudo dentro da lei: legislação urbana e destruição do patrimônio cultural em São Paulo
Authors: Muniz Claudia Andreli , Pessoa Mariana Cavalcanti , Nito Mariana Kimie da Silva
Published: November 2024

Desde os anos 1970, a cidade de São Paulo vivencia embates entre a legislação urbana e a preservação do patrimônio cultural. Neste artigo, discorre-se sobre a fragilidade das zonas especiais que tiveram como objetivo a preservação de bens culturais: a Zona Especial Z8-200, e a Zona Especial de Preservação Cultural. Tendo a trajetória da legislação urbanística como fio condutor, exploramos duas situações representativas que evidenciam essa fragilidade: as casas nas ruas Jandaia e Assembleia, no distrito da República, e o Antigo Lanifício Paulista, no distrito do Belém, que refletem a dificuldade de articulação entre patrimônio cultural e legislação urbana. A ideia é provocar reflexões sobre como a ampliação do patrimônio cultural, expressa em valores urbanos, ainda encontra dificuldades de compreensão e de aplicação nas políticas públicas. Assim, pretende-se problematizar a destruição desses bens, paisagens e práticas culturais que os têm como suporte e referência e que encontram sua eliminação respaldada nas leis e políticas públicas urbanas do município.
A destruição dos restos da destruição: Pompeia e Herculano no Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Almeida Anita Correia Lima de
Published: November 2024

Belonging to the Teresa Cristina Collection, pieces from Pompeii and Herculaneum were part of the permanent exhibition at the National Museum when the institution was destroyed by a devastating fire in September 2018. Those material remains of Roman cities buried by Vesuvius in 79 CE - frescoes, bronze jewelry, amulets, glass, lamps, and other objects of everyday life - remained under thick layers of eruptive material for almost two thousand years. Rescued in successive archeological excavations throughout the 18th and 19th centuries and, finally, made into a museum, they returned to the ashes, this time from fire. The history of the formation of this collection is linked to the second reign by close political links. Thus, what we intend to do is look at the long trajectory of these pieces, seeking to examine the symbolic uses to which they were subject in nineteenth-century Rio de Janeiro.
Conservação baseada em valores: patrimônio e direitos humanos no caso de Bento Rodrigues (MG)
Authors: Castriota Leonardo Barci Castriota
Published: November 2024

The article addresses the convergence between the fields of cultural heritage and human rights, highlighting internal and external transformations that enabled this convergence. In the context of cultural heritage, the shift from a material-based conservation perspective to a values-based conservation is fundamental, placing the human person at the center of preservation. In the case of human rights, this convergence is seen through the recognition of the need to adequately conceptualize cultural rights. Going beyond recurring themes at the intersections of human rights and heritage, this article focuses on unsustainable development as a source of human rights violations, causing harm to traditional communities and socio-environmental tragedies. As a case study, it discusses the Bento Rodrigues case in Mariana, Minas Gerais, the first locality affected by the rupture of the Fundão Dam, which was almost completely devastated, reducing 180 houses to only 22 standing. The population, present in the area for three hundred years, was hastily transferred to Mariana, resulting in the breakdown of established family and community bonds. Finally, the article highlights innovative preservation responses in the country proposed by ICOMOS/BRAZIL, based on the values-based conservation perspective.
Design e ancestralidade postos em questão: considerações sobre o papel social do design no Brasil contemporâneo
Authors: Curcio Gustavo Orlando Fudaba , Araújo Sarah Rocksane
Published: November 2024

Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir el carácter y el papel social del diseño y el papel de los diseñadores en el Brasil contemporáneo. Se centra en procesos y proyectos que incorporan conocimientos y tradiciones ancestrales de los pueblos originarios. El análisis se realiza a través de los trabajos de Gui Bonsiepe (1982) y Aloísio Magalhães (1998), destacando la relevancia del diseño en la valoración y reconocimiento de las formas de producción en estas comunidades. La discusión aborda cómo el diseño contemporáneo puede servir como agente de transformación social, integrar el conocimiento tradicional y promover la inclusión y la apreciación cultural. La necesidad de una mirada inclusiva y crítica en el campo del diseño, que reconozca y celebre la riqueza de las tradiciones ancestrales, incorporándolas a los procesos metodológicos de creación y diseño.
Sociedade Patriarcal e a Pressão para que as Mulheres Sejam Mães
Authors: Costa Evellyn Hermelina , Moreira Leonardo
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo tem por objetivo disponibilizar uma discussão sobre a pressão que mulheres sofrem para engravidar em circunstâncias distintas. Isto posto, primeiramente discutiremos acerca da estrutura social que nos envolve e dos tipos de violência que as mulheres estão propensas a sofrer. A partir disso, exploraremos a influência dessa estrutura nas vidas particulares das mulheres e também discorreremos sobre as principais consequências dessas violências praticadas contra esse mesmo grupo dentro do tema da gravidez. Por fim, definiremos algumas das possíveis medidas a serem tomadas para mitigação do impacto do patriarcado e, otimistamente, para o fim do controle social sobre o corpo individual e da coação determinante das escolhas pessoais.
The Force Intervention Brigade
Authors: Giblin Jennifer
Published: November 2024

This article examines lessons learned from the Force Intervention Brigade in relation to the fundamental principles of peacekeeping. Whilst the Security Council declared that the Brigade, deployed in the dr Congo in 2013, was created ‘without a precedent or any prejudice to the agreed principles of peacekeeping’ this article will consider how it has challenged our understanding of these principles and will question to what extent a precedent has been set within peacekeeping. As the UN’s peace operation in the Congo, monusco, is set to withdraw and regional actors involved in the creation of the Brigade seek to deploy forces, the article will argue that the Brigade expanded peacekeeping to its very limits, amounting to a ‘conscious departure’ from the peacekeeping principles which should be avoided in any future UN peace operations.
Introducing Elementary Students to the World of Work
Authors: Ellott Jessica , McConnell Amber Elizabeth , Spotton Donna , Reisman Shira
Published: November 2024

Career development promotes the development of key life skills, allows students to discover opportunities, connects school to work, encourages collaboration, and is instrumental in preparing students for postsecondary success. Despite this, many elementary educators struggle to seamlessly integrate career development activities into curricula. This paper will explore how to strengthen students’ foundational career skills, offer suggestions and resources on how to seamlessly integrate career development into elementary curricula, and how to celebrate and share student learning as elementary students discover their personal, career, and/or educational aspirations.
Finite-element simulation of functional knee sleeves based on three-dimensional modeling of the knee joint
Authors: Gu Huihong , Yan Heqiu , Shi Zhen , Dan Rui
Published: November 2024

Knee sleeves are one of the most satisfying and widely used items of protective equipment for sports enthusiasts. Achieving an effective balance between functionality and comfort is a key factor in the design of knee sleeves. However, there are still some problems with the knee protection products currently on the market, such as poor thermal and moisture comfort, difficulty in putting on and taking off, slippage during doing sports, and the lack of a timely and effective feedback mechanism that cannot guide the user to actively adjust their movement posture to avoid sports injuries. To improve the function and pressure comfort of the human body after wearing knee sleeves, this study took the knee joint as the research object, established a three-dimensional knee joint model through computed tomography (CT) scanning and Mimics software, and then built a finite-element model under the contact state between the human body and pressure clothing on this basis. Moreover, ABAQUS was used for finite-element simulation to obtain the pressure and displacement distribution of knee joints after wearing knee sleeves. In order to further investigate the stress state and deformation trend of knee joint after wearing knee sleeves, each section of the human body at the knee joint was divided into four regions according to the angle, and the functional relationship between pressure and displacement was obtained by curve fitting. This study has significance for the investigation of the pressure comfort threshold of knee sleeves and the optimization of the design of functional knee sleeves.
Still Changing: Semantic Innovation and Change in Multicultural London English
Authors: Cheshire Jenny , Adams Zoë , Hall David
Published: November 2024

We attempt to further our understanding of the beginnings of language change by analyzing a semantic innovation in Multicultural London English: the use of still as a discourse-pragmatic item in utterance-final position. We show that the change follows well-attested processes of semantic change, so it could have occurred at any time and amongst any group of speakers. Its emergence now, amongst young men in inner city London, can be explained by considering not only well-known external factors such as population change but also by analyzing the interactional contexts in which the new meaning emerges and by relating this to the local peer group culture. In this way we gain insights into how speakers can be motivated to use a form with a new meaning during interactional moves that are especially important for them in their everyday lives.
Partial state-constrained integrated guidance and control for an STT missile with self-adjusting prescribed performance via non-barrier Lyapunov function method
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Song Shenmin , Shi Xiaoping
Published: November 2024

A state-constrained guidance and control law is vital to the flight safety of an aerial interceptor against a maneuvering target. Taking the flight angle limitations, manipulation saturation, and terminal constraints into consideration, a novel integrated guidance and control (IGC) schema with a self-adjusting prescribed performance is proposed. To avoid the feasibility condition via the conventional barrier Lyapunov function-based method, a new state-dependent nonlinear mapping function is designed, based on which the state-constrained IGC system is converted into a constrained-free model. A novel prescribed performance with a self-tuning mechanism is proposed to guarantee satisfied transit and steady guidance performances. The backstepping technique combined with super-twisting integral sliding modes and newly defined predefined-time disturbance observers is implemented to generate state-constrained virtual command signals. All the signals in the closed-loop system are strictly proven to be bounded by Lyapunov stability theory. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed IGC schema.
Struggles for co-determination: Anti-unionism, obstruction of works councils and employees’ counterstrategies in Germany
Authors: Hertwig Markus , Thünken Oliver
Published: November 2024

In recent years, there has been growing evidence in Germany of efforts by employers to obstruct works councils, trade unions and individual employees in the exercise of their participation rights. When such situations arise, the asymmetry of power intrinsic to the employment relationship will put the employee side at a structural disadvantage. Nonetheless, employees have strategic options to regain their legal rights to co-determination. The article examines, firstly, how employers obstruct works councils, trade union representation and collective bargaining. Secondly, it analyses the strategies and practices the employee side uses in response. Based on 28 case studies from various sectors and a total of 87 interviews, the study identifies two broad types of obstruction of co-determination by employers and six key dimensions that characterize employee resistance. The analysis of successful and failed conflicts points to a wide range of the diverse options available to employees.
Phronetic Pivoting between Compliance and Care: Engaging paradoxes and disequilibrium in organizing risk
Authors: Jian Guowei , Fairhurst Gail T.
Published: November 2024

Despite its rapid growth in the last few decades, organizational paradox research remains limited in understanding the (dis)equilibrating dynamics of the paradoxes involved in organizing risk. The need is especially acute in the context of complex interorganizational systems where risk is a paramount concern and multiple organizational paradoxes coexist. To address this need, this study charts the adaptive journey of a regulatory organization when navigating the (dis)equilibrating dynamics of multiple paradoxes in an interorganizational system. The process model that emerges from our study highlights phronetic pivoting, first, as change-ups in the regulatory space that shift the power dynamics with oscillation toward equilibrium in seemingly disequilibrating ways and, second, facilitates the learning of oscillation grounded in the power/knowledge practices of competing regulatory philosophies. We discuss the significant implications of our findings for the theory development of organizational paradox and organizing risk.
Communication and Strategy Work: How corporate magazines shape strategy
Authors: De Keyser Bart
Published: November 2024

While research has become increasingly receptive to the construction of strategy in dedicated forms of strategy communication – such as managerial speeches or strategic plans – little work has looked at how strategy is constructed in more broadly focused communicative media, such as corporate magazines. By analysing over 500 magazine issues from six different firms, this article reveals three fundamental mechanisms by which corporate magazines shape strategy: (i) familiarization – or shaping strategy by connecting it to the everyday; (ii) confirmation – or shaping strategy by aligning it with standing norms and expectations; and (iii) regeneration – or shaping strategy by advancing it through ongoing cycles of creation and destruction. In doing so, this article makes three specific contributions. First, by highlighting how corporate magazines construct strategy through a reconciliation of different narrations, narrators and narrative contexts, it extends earlier research’s emphasis on senior leadership with insights into the more collective sensemaking processes underlying strategy development. Second, by unveiling how corporate magazines often draw on affective expressions that humanize strategy within organizational life, it enriches our predominantly rational take on strategy-making with a more pronounced understanding of the role of emotions. Finally, by showing how corporate magazines progressively tie an organization’s strategy to ongoing developments and occurrences, it expands earlier work’s emphasis on grand and singular strategy communication with a reappreciation of the small and iterative – demonstrating how firms’ successful conception of tomorrow is often based on their developing understanding of today.
Securing Meaningfulness in Corporate Social Responsibility: Exploring meaning-making mechanisms via economies of worth
Authors: Vu Mai C. , Shin Hyemi
Published: November 2024

The current literature on meaningful work has attempted to capture the dynamic interplay between individuals’ subjective perception of the meaningfulness of their work and the broader societal and cultural context, employing tensional and temporal approaches. Yet, understanding of how individuals develop their justifications for the worthiness of their work by transcending subjective and social accounts of meaningful work remains limited. To enrich the justification approach to individuals’ tensional and dynamic experiences of meaningful work, we rely on the economies of worth (EW) framework to explore how individuals engage in meaning-making within their work when its worthiness is challenged. Focusing on the experiences and meaning-making of 46 practitioners working in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) field in Vietnam, we identified three meaning-making mechanisms (prospective deferring, localizing and diverging) enacted in three morally challenging situations experienced by CSR practitioners (self vs belonging, self vs societal perceptions, and self vs external stakeholders’ changing interests). The study makes three contributions: (1) it enriches the meaning-making literature by advancing a justification approach via the EW framework; (2) it clarifies the micro-dynamics of compromise-building mechanisms at different career stages within organizational studies of the EW framework; and (3) it expands micro-CSR research by unpacking the relational tensions and meaning-making experiences of CSR practitioners.
An Analysis of SRSS-IE Externalizing Cut Scores to Facilitate Data-Informed Decision-Making in K–12 Schools
Authors: Lane Kathleen Lynne , Lane Nathan Allen , Buckman Mark Matthew , Pelton Katie Scarlett Lane , Fleming Kandace , Romine Rebecca E. Swinburne
Published: November 2024

We report the results of a convergent validity study examining the externalizing subscale (SRSS-E5, five items) of the adapted Student Risk Screening Scale for Internalizing and Externalizing (SRSS-IE 9) with the externalizing subscale of the Teacher Report Form (TRF) with two samples of K–12 students. Results of logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves analyzed with a sample of 195 K–5 students from 13 schools across three U.S. states suggested the following preliminary cutting scores for the SRSS-E5 for use at the elementary level: 0 to 1 for low risk, 2 to 3 for moderate risk, and 4 to 15 for high risk for externalizing behaviors. Results of the same analyses with a sample of 227 students in Grades 6 to 12 suggested the following preliminary cutting scores for the SRSS-E5 for use in middle and high (secondary) schools: 0 to 4 for low risk, 5 to 6 for moderate risk, and 7 to 15 for high risk for externalizing behaviors. For both samples, sensitivity and specificity levels were acceptable, as was the correct classification rate. We discuss findings and limitations and emphasize the importance of replication before shifting screening practices from the SRSS-IE 12 (12 items) to the newly adapted SRSS-IE 9 (9 items).
Spirituality in the gifted: Proposals for the spiritual development of the intellectually gifted
Authors: Rodríguez-Fernández María Isabel
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this article is to review the relevance of spirituality in the intellectually gifted and to derive a proposal for helping and guiding them in their spiritual concerns based on their psychological characteristics that may influence the way they experience spirituality. Based on their characteristics a practical approach is proposed for educators and psychotherapists to support both the development of their potential in the spiritual domain and to provide guidance regarding any challenges they may encounter in this area. To this end, the article suggests focusing on three aspects that can be part of the spiritual life: the inner self, the outer life, and the integration of both, and explains some practices that can be used for the spiritual development of gifted individuals.
Mental contrasting and conflict management in satisfied and unsatisfied romantic relationships
Authors: Jöhnk Henrik , Sevincer A. Timur , Oettingen Gabriele
Published: November 2024

Managing relationship conflict is a difficult yet crucial task for romantic partners. We investigated how imagining a conflict’s resolution affects the engagement in resolving that conflict. For instance, people may indulge in positive fantasies about their future, or they may mentally contrast their desired future (successful conflict resolution) with the main inner obstacle (e.g., anger, frustration) in the current reality. In two experiments, we tested whether mental contrasting increases engagement in resolving ongoing relationship conflicts participants perceived as important (i.e., high incentive value) and solvable (i.e., high expectations of success). In Experiment 1 ( N = 274, from predominantly satisfied relationships), mental contrasting compared to indulging improved the resolution of solvable conflicts over two weeks. This effect did not extend to conflicts of highest importance, which we found to be particularly severe. In Experiment 2 ( N = 270, from less satisfied relationships), mental contrasting, compared to indulging and to working on a concentration task, increased mental engagement with highly important, more severe conflicts over two weeks. Results suggest that mental contrasting helps in resolving solvable conflicts. When facing more severe, less solvable conflicts, however, mental contrasting stimulated mental engagement with conflicts. Our findings suggest that teaching people mental contrasting may complement existing conflict management approaches (e.g., in counseling or in self-help apps).
Schooling and language usage matter in heritage bilingual processing: Sortal classifiers in Mandarin
Authors: Hao Jiuzhou , Kubota Maki , Bayram Fatih , González Alonso Jorge , Grüter Theres , Li Muhan , Rothman Jason
Published: November 2024

Mandarin sortal classifiers simultaneously encode semantic and grammatical form class cues. Building on a second language (L2) study of Grüter et al. we used the same visual world eye-tracking experiment, designed to examine the relative use of the two cues, testing Mandarin heritage speakers (HSs) living in an English-speaking environment. Given the importance of understanding individual differences, the present study also examined if/how individual HSs may systematically differ as a function of experience with Mandarin. As a group, HSs – like the first language (L1) group in Grüter et al.’s study – showed a clear reliance on the grammatical form class cue. Nevertheless, individual HSs with Mandarin schooling and with more Mandarin social exposure/use showed more reliance on semantics, the L2 pattern observed in Grüter et al. We discuss why this latter pattern might have obtained (formal and informal literacy), while highlighting the value of individual difference approaches to understanding HS processing.
Retinal microvascular phenotypes can track small vessel disease burden and CPAP treatment effectiveness in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Giarratano Ylenia , Hill Elizabeth A , Hamid Charlene , Wiseman Stewart , Gray Calum , Chappell Francesca M , Coello Roberto Duarte , Valdés-Hernández Maria C , Ballerini Lucia , Stringer Michael S , Thrippleton Michael J , Jaime Garcia Daniela , Liu Xiaodi , Hewins William , Cheng Yajun , Black Sandra E , Lim Andrew , Sommer Rosa , Ramirez Joel , MacIntosh Bradley J , Brown Rosalind , Doubal Fergus , MacGillivray Tom , Wardlaw Joanna M , Riha Renata , Bernabeu Miguel O
Published: November 2024

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) retinal imaging enables in vivo visualization of the retinal microvasculature that is developmentally related to the brain and can offer insight on cerebrovascular health. We investigated retinal phenotypes and neuroimaging markers of small vessel disease (SVD) in individuals with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). We enrolled 44 participants (mean age 50.1 ± SD 9.1 years) and performed OCT-A imaging before and after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Pre-treatment analyses using a generalized estimating equations model adjusted for relevant covariates, revealed perivascular spaces (PVS) volume in basal ganglia associated with greater foveal vessel density (fVD) (p-value < 0.001), and smaller foveal avascular zone area (p-value = 0.01), whereas PVS count in centrum semiovale associated with lower retinal vessel radius (p-value = 0.02) and higher vessel tortuosity (p-value = 0.01). A reduction in retinal vessel radius was also observed with increased OSA severity (p-value = 0.05). Post-treatment analyses showed greater CPAP usage was associated with a decrease in fVD (p-value = 0.02), and increased retinal vessel radius (p-value = 0.01). The findings demonstrate for the first time the potential use of OCT-A to monitor CPAP treatment and its possible impact on both retinal and brain vascular health.
Housing Hardship Among Older Adults Living Alone: The Protective Roles of Aging and Housing Policies
Authors: Park Gum-Ryeong
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the association between living arrangements and housing hardship among older adults across 21 high-income countries. Using data from the Gallup World Poll (2016–2020) and OECD databases, we employ multilevel regression models that can assess how individual- and country-level factors, including public spending on pensions and housing policies such as social housing stock and rent control, moderate these associations. Older adults living alone experience significantly higher rates of housing hardship compared to their counterparts, even after adjusting for demographic and economic factors. Public spending on old age pensions attenuates housing hardship for older adults living alone. While public spending on housing shows limited effectiveness, social housing availability and rent control emerge as protective measures, reducing housing hardship among older adults living alone by providing stable and affordable housing options. This study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to support independent living.
Detecting spurious effects in cross-lagged panel models: Triangulation is not a valid test
Authors: Lucas Richard E. , Weidmann Rebekka , Brandt Mark J.
Published: November 2024

The cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) is an analytic technique used to examine the reciprocal causal effects of two or more variables assessed on two or more occasions. Although widely used, the CLPM has been criticized for relying on implausible assumptions, the violation of which can often lead to biased estimates of causal effects. Recently, a triangulation method has been proposed to identify spurious effects in simple CLPM analyses (e.g., Sorjonen, Melin, & Melin, 2024). We use simulations and a discussion of the formulas underlying regression coefficients to show that this method does not provide a valid indicator of spuriousness. This method identifies true causal effects as spurious in realistic situations and should not be used to diagnose whether a causal effect estimated from the CLPM is spurious or not. There are clear reasons to doubt causal estimates from the CLPM, but the results of the triangulation method do not add information about whether such estimates are spurious.
Human Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes Integrate Into the Heart of Monkeys With Right Ventricular Pressure Overload
Authors: Scholz Jodi , Secreto Frank J. , Wobig Joan , Kurian Joe , Hagen Clint , Zinnen Alexandra , Vu Don , Johnson Steven J. , Cetta Frank , Qureshi Yasir , Reams Rachel , Cannon Bryan , Heyer Christina M. , Chang Minhwang , Fadra Numrah , Coonen Jennifer , Simmons Heather A. , Mejia Andres , Hayes Jennifer M. , Basu Puja , Capuano Saverio , Bondarenko Viktoriya , Metzger Jeanette M. , Nelson Timothy J. , Emborg Marina E.
Published: November 2024

Cardiac ventricular pressure overload affects patients with congenital heart defects and can cause cardiac insufficiency. Grafts of stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes are proposed as a complementary treatment to surgical repair of the cardiac defect, aiming to support ventricular function. Here, we report successful engraftment of human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiac lineage cells into the heart of immunosuppressed rhesus macaques with a novel surgical model of right ventricular pressure overload. The human troponin+ grafts were detected in low-dose (2 × 106 cells/kg) and high-dose (10 × 106 cells/kg) treatment groups up to 12 weeks post-injection. Transplanted cells integrated and progressively matched the organization of the surrounding host myocardium. Ventricular tachycardia occurred in five out of 16 animals receiving cells, with episodes of incessant tachycardia observed in two animals; ventricular tachycardia events resolved within 19 days. Our results demonstrate that grafted cardiomyocytes mature and integrate into the myocardium of nonhuman primates modeling right ventricular pressure overload.
Exploring the Role of Genetic Testing in Decisions to Redirect Care in Critically Ill Infants
Authors: Mowery Ashley , Wong Bob , Seale Jamie , Brunelli Luca
Published: November 2024

Objective

Genetic disorders are a major determinant of morbidity and mortality within neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Studies have found genetic testing in critically ill infants may lead to changes in clinical decisions such as pursuing end of life care. This study surveyed palliative care providers to explore the influence of genetic testing on decisions to redirect care in critically ill infants.

Methods

This study was conducted retrospectively on cases who were admitted to the Level IV NICU at Primary Children’s Hospital, underwent redirection to end of life care, and whose death date was between 2019-2023. A review of the case’s electronic medical record was performed to construct a clinical case summary. The clinical summary and questionnaire were sent to the case’s palliative care provider.

Results

Fifty-six cases were included in this study and 73% had genetic testing completed. Our results suggest the information from genetic testing played a relatively minor role in the decision to redirect care for cases with negative or uncertain genetic testing and positive genetic testing results, although the influence appeared higher in the latter group.

Conclusion

Our results suggest the assumptions of several studies that genetic testing is responsible for changes in clinical management and cost savings, especially in cases of redirection of care may have been overestimated. Our results fill a critical gap in current literature and demonstrate the need for further investigation to clarify the direct role of genetic testing in clinical decisions in the NICU, especially related to redirection of care.
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 2017-2022 National Immunization Survey: Sociodemographic Disparities Associated With Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Initiation and Completion Series Among US Adolescents
Authors: Ibrahim-Ojoawo Atinuke , Powe Nicolette , Rogers Richard , Learman Ken , Hefner Heather
Published: November 2024

Objective

The introduction of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has led to future decline in prevalence of HPV-causing cancers; however, disparities in early HPV vaccine uptake and coverage may contribute to persistent inequalities in HPV-related cancers in the United States. We assess the current trend of sociodemographic factors significantly associated with the initiation and Up To Date (UTD) HPV vaccine series among adolescents in the U.S.

Methods

The retrospective National Immunization Survey-Teen data were analyzed for a cohort of adolescents aged 13-17 years who initiated HPV vaccine and completed the series from 2017 to 2022. A multivariable logistic regression estimated the correlation of sociodemographic variables to determine the odds of HPV vaccine initiation and completion as the outcomes.

Results

There were 3.2% and 5% surge in HPV vaccine initiation and UTD, respectively, with teens’ mean age of 14.98 over the years. The unvaccinated dropped by 5.6%, and those not UTD declined by 4.6% in the HPV vaccine series during this period. The proportion of teens who initiated and completed the vaccine series were mostly older female teens, non-Hispanics, regularly insured with private coverage, raised by educated older mothers, above poverty status, and living in the South. The adjusted multivariable logistic regression shows the odds of initiating and completing increases over the years, and older teens are more likely to initiate the HPV vaccine and complete the vaccine series. However, boys with non-Medicaid coverage/uninsured in the South have lower odds to initiate and complete the vaccine.

Conclusion

Improved HPV vaccine uptake and UTD were found in older females, insured with Medicaid, and from highly educated mothers in the Northeast. Findings underscore the importance of effective strategies to address current HPV vaccination disparities among identified teens with lower uptake and UTD that may reduce future burden of HPV-related cancers in the U.S.
Liver Cancer and Risk Factors in the MENA Region: Epidemiology and Temporal Trends Based on the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Data
Authors: Lakkis Najla A. , Mokalled Nour M. , Osman Mona H. , Musharrafieh Umayya M. , Eljammal Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Background

Liver cancer (LivCa) is a growing concern in the MENA region, driven by diverse factors, including viral hepatitis, lifestyle-related risks, and other causes.

Methods

Utilizing GBD 2019 data, we assessed LivCa patterns, emphasizing chronic viral hepatitis, non-viral factors, and health care disparities across the MENA region.

Results

Rising LivCa rates, particularly related to chronic viral hepatitis, highlight the region’s health challenges. Lifestyle factors, such as obesity and diabetes, contribute significantly. Disparities in health care access and cancer registration hinder accurate assessments.

Conclusion

A comprehensive strategy is vital, encompassing vaccination promotion, health care enhancements, and lifestyle awareness. Urgent coordinated efforts are needed to address disparities, implement evidence-based interventions, and alleviate the escalating LivCa burden in the MENA region.
A Review of Advances in Mitochondrial Research in Cancer
Authors: Li Zhiru , Zhang Wu , Guo Shaowei , Qi Guoyan , Huang Jiandi , Gao Jin , Zhao Jing , Kang Lin , Li Qingxia
Published: November 2024

Background

Abnormalities in mitochondrial structure or function are closely related to the development of malignant tumors. Mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming provides precursor substances and energy for the vital activities of tumor cells, so that cancer cells can rapidly adapt to the unfavorable environment of hypoxia and nutrient deficiency. Mitochondria can enable tumor cells to gain the ability to proliferate, escape immune responses, and develop drug resistance by altering constitutive junctions, oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial subcellular relocalization. This greatly reduces the rate of effective clinical control of tumors.

Purpose

Explore the major role of mitochondria in cancer, as well as targeted mitochondrial therapies and mitochondria-associated markers.

Conclusions

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the various aspects of mitochondrial aberrations and addresses drugs that target mitochondrial therapy, providing a basis for clinical mitochondria-targeted anti-tumor therapy.
Early postoperative resistance index can predict radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula failure
Authors: Inagaki Koji , Onogi Chikao , Iimuro Keita , Suzuki Akira , Furusawa Shin , Tsuji Masashi , Akahori Toshiyuki
Published: November 2024

Background:

Ultrasonography is valuable for assessing arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation. Brachial artery flow volume (FV) measured at 6 weeks post-AVF creation can predict AVF failure. However, the association between early postoperative FV and AVF failure remains unclear. The resistance index (RI) may also serve as a prognostic factor for AVF maturation; however, it has not been extensively studied. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between AVF failure and early postoperative FV and RI.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed data from 102 patients (mean age, 67.8 ± 14.2 years; male, 68.6%; diabetes mellitus, 52.0%) who underwent new radiocephalic-AVF creation between January 2019 and December 2023 in Japan. An ultrasound device was used to measure brachial artery FV and RI on postoperative days 0 and 1. AVF failure was defined as occlusion or stenosis requiring vascular access intervention or surgical revision before the first cannulation, or cannulation difficulty or FV dysfunction requiring vascular access intervention or surgery at the first cannulation.

Results:

On postoperative day 0, FV was 383.1 ± 146.8 mL/min, and RI was 0.65 ± 0.11. On postoperative day 1, FV was 466.9 ± 179.2 mL/min, and RI was 0.62 ± 0.11. FV significantly increased, and RI was significantly reduced on postoperative day 1 compared to those on day 0 ( p < 0.01). Multivariate analyses revealed that higher RI (per 0.1; odds ratio (OR), 2.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22–3.82), but not FV, was significantly associated with AVF failure on postoperative day 0. On postoperative day 1, lower FV (per 100 mL/min; OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.42–0.95) and higher RI (per 0.1; OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.16–4.05) were significantly associated with AVF failure.

Conclusions:

This study highlights RI as a predictor of AVF failure in the early postoperative period when vasospasm is likely to occur.
Particulates Matter: The Influence of Cumulative Local Air Pollution Exposure on Sixth-Grade Academic Achievement in California
Authors: Wassmer Robert W , Turgeon Michael D
Published: November 2024

We examine the influence of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in ambient air over the previous 6 years on the average standardized test score performance in math, English language arts (ELA), and overall for sixth graders at a sample of California public school districts from 2015 through 2018. Public health research suggests that children exposed to localized air pollution may suffer from cognitive impairment during testing or chronic conditions such as asthma that could influence their academic performance. After controlling for the appropriate confounding variables, our findings indicate that a 1-unit increase (or an equivalent one-third increase in the standard deviation) in the average amount of particulate matter observed over the past 6 years in a school district reduces the average standardized test score by about 4%. In addition, a typical student in a California school district in the two highest quintiles of PM 2.5 exposure (controlling for other causal factors) exhibits standardized test scores closer to the fifth-grade equivalency level than the sixth. These results support the benefits of indoor air pollution mitigation as a likely cost-effective intervention to improve student academic success in primary school.
Construction of Prognostic Prediction Models for Colorectal Cancer Based on Ferroptosis-Related Genes: A Multi-Dataset and Multi-Model Analysis
Authors: Gan Tao , Wei Xiaomeng , Xing Yuanhao , Hu Zhili
Published: November 2024

Background:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant health burden globally, necessitating a deeper understanding of its molecular landscape and prognostic markers. This study characterized ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) to construct models for predicting overall survival (OS) across various CRC datasets.

Methods:

In TCGA-COAD dataset, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between tumor and normal tissues using DESeq2 package. Prognostic genes were identified associated with OS, disease-specific survival, and progression-free interval using survival package. Additionally, FRGs were downloaded from FerrDb website, categorized into unclassified, marker, and driver genes. Finally, multiple models (Coxboost, Elastic Net, Gradient Boosting Machine, LASSO Regression, Partial Least Squares Regression for Cox Regression, Ridge Regression, Random Survival Forest [RSF], stepwise Cox Regression, Supervised Principal Components analysis, and Support Vector Machines) were employed to predict OS across multiple datasets (TCGA-COAD, GSE103479, GSE106584, GSE17536, GSE17537, GSE29621, GSE39084, GSE39582, and GSE72970) using intersection genes across DEGs, OS, disease-specific survival, and progression-free interval, and FRG categories.

Results:

Six intersection genes (ASNS, TIMP1, H19, CDKN2A, HOTAIR, and ASMTL-AS1) were identified, upregulated in tumor tissues, and associated with poor survival outcomes. In the TCGA-COAD dataset, the RSF model demonstrated the highest concordance index. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significantly lower OS probabilities in high-risk groups identified by the RSF model. The RSF model exhibited high accuracy with AUC values of 0.978, 0.985, and 0.965 for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival predictions, respectively. Calibration curves demonstrated excellent agreement between predicted and observed survival probabilities. Decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical utility of the RSF model. Additionally, the model’s performances were validated in GSE29621 dataset.

Conclusions:

The study underscores the prognostic relevance of 6 intersection genes in CRC, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for patient stratification. The RSF model demonstrates robust predictive performance, suggesting its utility in clinical risk assessment and personalized treatment strategies.
Teledermatology and Virtual Visits for Acne Management: A Review
Authors: Mehta Shanti , Metko Dea , Maazi Mahan , Wang Ou Jia (Emilie) , Li Monica K.
Published: November 2024

Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological condition requiring individualized management. Teledermatology provides convenience and accessibility that is highly suitable for this dermatological condition. Herein, our review aimed to describe the current state of teledermatology in the context of acne management and to assess patient satisfaction, adherence to virtual care, and the experiences of health care providers in delivering remote dermatological services. A systematic search for articles was conducted in Medline, Embase, and PubMed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. Title, abstract, full-text screening, and data abstraction were carried out in duplicate. One thousand one hundred three nonduplicate articles were screened based on title and abstract review. A total of 21 studies were included in the review. It was found that teledermatology is well-suited to the effective management of acne vulgaris. When compared to in-person care, teledermatology resulted in similar outcomes on several acne-grading scales. Additionally, patient satisfaction was comparable, with a large proportion of patients preferring virtual care to traditional in-person visits. However, compliance was found to be lower for virtual care. There are several secondary benefits to telemedicine, including time savings and greater accessibility to care for rural patients. Teledermatology is an evolving, promising medium for acne management for both clinicians and patients. Future research comparing the effectiveness of different teledermatology platforms, its limitations and pitfalls, and integration of patient and physician preferences to improve treatment outcomes is warranted.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa from a Multi-Omic Scope
Authors: Garbayo-Salmons Patricia , Saus Ester , Exposito-Serrano Vicente , Moreno Mireia , Sàbat Mireia , Calvet Joan
Published: November 2024

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is recognized as a systemic immune-mediated disease (IMID), sharing genetic and environmental risk factors with other IMIDs such as inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis. Over time, correlating clinical findings with genetic, proteomic, and metabolomic results has been challenging due to diverse sampling methods, analysis techniques, and the use of variable clinical phenotype descriptions across studies. This review aims to summarize the results from various omics fields to explore the etiopathology of HS. Genetic studies highlight defects in Notch and γ-secretase signaling and inflammasome function. Syndromic HS involves specific mutations in autoinflammatory syndromes such as pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne (PAPA) and pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, and HS (PASH). Proteomic analyses reveal key inflammatory pathways indicating activation of both innate and adaptive immunity. Additionally, microbiome studies show an increased presence of anaerobes like Prevotella in HS lesions and a decreased presence of commensals such as Staphylococcus epidermidis. Gut microbiota dysbiosis, particularly involving Ruminococcus gnavus and Clostridium ramosum, is associated with HS. Moreover, metabolomic profiling indicates dysregulated tryptophan catabolism and lipid metabolism, with increased 5-lipoxygenase-derived metabolites and odd-chain fatty acids suggesting bacterial involvement. In summary, despite advances, robust associations between genetics, proteomics, microbiome, and metabolomics in HS are still lacking. Integrating these datasets could identify new clinical phenotypes, genetic predispositions, microbial signatures, and therapeutic targets, enhancing personalized treatment strategies and biomarker discovery for HS classification, prognosis, and treatment response.
Emission control in a dual fuel low temperature combustion engine at intermediate loads
Authors: Khedkar Nikhil Dilip , Sarangi Asish Kumar , Herreros Jose Martin
Published: November 2024

Intermediate to high load operation in dual fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) techniques is restricted due to uncontrolled combustion that causes engine knocking. Dual fuel strategies with advanced pilot injection and near-top dead center (TDC) main injection timings are reported to enhance combustion control, albeit with increased soot emissions, reduction of thermal efficiency, and emergence of an intricate trade-off between total hydrocarbon (THC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions. In order to address these conflicting issues, an intermediate engine load, corresponding to 6 bar gross indicated mean effective pressure at 1500 and 2200 rev/min engine speeds was investigated in this work. The main objectives of this work are (1) to obtain combination of control parameters to achieve near-zero engine-out NOx and soot emissions and high thermal efficiency while minimizing THC and CO emissions; (2) to understand the effectiveness of diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) for the oxidation and reduction of exhaust gas species in the dual fuel mode; and (3) to understand the oxidation characteristics of the soot generated from the dual fuel mode. Optimum dual fuel low temperature combustion strategies, in terms of diesel injection timings, quantity and exhaust gas recirculation levels, were identified using the statistical multi response signal to noise (MRSN) ratio method in which NOx, soot and indicated efficiency were response variables. The performance of commercial DOCs, with different precious metal (Pt and/or Pd) loadings, were also studied at optimum dual fuel strategies for gasoline-diesel dual fuel operations. High DOC outlet temperatures (>∼340°C), due to the exotherm generated by the oxidation of high concentrations of THC and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from dual fuel operations, resulted in greater than 90% THC conversion efficiency. The exotherm decreased the nitric oxide (NO) oxidation whereas the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) reduction reactions were favored over the DOC in the dual fuel mode at the intermediate load operating condition. Thermogravimetric analysis of the soot showed higher activation energy (177.2 kJ/mol), formed at the dual fuel optimum condition, relative to the activation energy (162.7 kJ/mol) of the soot formed in conventional diesel combustion (CDC).