bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STSNN-DPC: spatio-temporal shared nearest neighbors and density peaks based clustering method
Authors: Zhang Fengling , Huang Shengqiang , Zhang Haiyan , Luo Yonglong
Published: November 2024

Density peaks clustering (DPC) algorithm is a novel clustering method, which offers advantages such as simple parameter adjustment and ease of implementation. DPC-based clustering algorithms can effectively analyze and mine data to discover hidden patterns, making it a significant research topic. Existing research primarily focuses on the neighborhood of data points at spatial latitude and clusters these points based on neighborhood density. However, we find that there is a correlation between the spatial and temporal neighborhoods of spatio-temporal data. Ignoring this correlation significantly reduces the accuracy of clustering results for spatio-temporal data. In this paper, we propose a spatio-temporal shared nearest neighbors and density peaks based clustering method (STSNN-DPC). STSNN-DPC represents spatio-temporal neighborhood correlation by constructing spatio-temporal shared nearest neighbors, which improves the accuracy of clustering results for spatio-temporal data. Specifically, we propose spatio-temporal shared nearest neighbors to capture the shared neighbors of spatio-temporal data in different dimensions. Based on this, we propose a multidimensional similarity metric to measure the local density and relative distance of spatio-temporal data points. Experimental results show that STSNN-DPC exhibits excellent clustering performance on multiple synthetic datasets and real pedestrian datasets, with an 8% improvement over state-of-the-art clustering algorithms.
Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria in Paris Polyphylla var. yunnanensis and Their Correlation with Polyphyllin Content
Authors: Shu Qing , Wu Yuying , RUAN Liping , Jin Lin , Wang Jing , Peng An zhong , Li Haifeng
Published: November 2024

Background
Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (PPY) is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine formulas and folk families. Nearly more than 100 chemical substances with medicinal values have been reported in PPY, among which steroidal saponins are the main active components of PPY. Due to its long growth cycle, the resource of PPY becomes too scarce, and the current production capacity of PPY is still far from meeting the market demand. Numerous studies have shown that endophytic bacteria not only promote the production of secondary metabolites in the host plant, but also certain endophytes themselves can produce the same secondary metabolites as the host. However, little is known about the endophytic bacteria associated with PPY in different geographic conditions and tissues. In order to compare the endophytic bacterial communities associated with PPY in different geographic conditions and plant tissues, the endophytic bacteria from roots, stems, and leaves of PPY collected from five locations were isolated, and the diversity, richness, and homogeneity of bacterial communities were analyzed, and the dominant genera correlation with polyphyllin content was further investigated.
Results
A total of 268 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated and identified from PPY. The experimental results showed that the isolates belonged to 5 phyla, 7 classes, 14 orders and 39 genera of bacteria, of which the optimal order was Bacillariophyta and the optimal genera were Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Agrobacterium. In general, the differences in the distribution pattern and diversity of endophytic bacteria in PPY were characterized by the highest diversity and richness index of endophytic bacterial communities in QS and the highest evenness index in FY. The diversity, richness and evenness of bacterial communities in terms of tissue state showed a hierarchical pattern of root > stem > leaf. The three optimal genera were positively correlated with polyphyllin content.
Conclusion
The distribution pattern and diversity of endophytic bacteria in PPY were influenced by tissue type and habitat. In addition, three endophytic bacteria (Pseudomonas, Bacllius and Agrobacterium) were positively correlated with the content of polyphylins, and could be used as potential candidates for producing bioactive compounds.
Air-coupled piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer array based on low-cost and large remnant polarization PZT thin film
Authors: Lin Jia-Ling , Liu Ya-Han , Kao Chien-Lun , Wu Shao-Wei , Hsu Han-Jen , Lin Hsiao-Chi , Li Chih-Ying , Chen Chun-Yuan , Wang Yenog-Her , Huang Chih-Hsien
Published: November 2024

Due to the development of semiconductor technology, control and driving circuits for large phased arrays have become cheaper and more compact, enabling air-coupled ultrasonic transducer arrays to be applied in areas such as ultrasonic haptic feedback and acoustic levitation. However, current air-coupled ultrasonic transducers are quite bulky, which prevents the commercialization of these applications. Hence, piezoelectric micromachining ultrasonic transducers (pMUT) have been proposed to replace conventional ultrasound transducers. Currently, PZT, or lead zirconate titanate, thin film is the most reliable and, consequently, most popular piezoelectric layer for pMUT, but existing PZT fabrication methods are too expensive or require rare metals. To counter this problem, this study proposed a cost-effective and reliable PZT thin film fabrication method. By depositing a commercial sol-gel solution as a seed layer followed by radio frequency sputtering, a PZT thin film with remnant polarization of 113.35 μC/cm2 and a coercive field of 211.6 kV/cm was demonstrated. Moreover, high-throughput air-coupled pMUTs and pMUT arrays were made based on the proposed PZT thin film. Finite element method simulations were conducted to optimize the structure parameters for the 40 kHz pMUT. A standard microphone was used to measure the acoustic pressure at 3 cm above the pMUT and the pMUT array to evaluate their performance. The pMUT generated an acoustic pressure of 0.764 Pa/V with a resonance frequency of 52.2 kHz, and the pMUT array’s maximum acoustic pressure was 87.4 Pa. This is the highest known acoustic output pressure among sub-100 kHz air-coupled pMUT arrays, highlighting the potential of using the proposed PZT thin film deposition method for high-pressure mid-air ultrasonic applications such as ultrasonic haptic feedback and acoustic levitation.
Assessing and Enhancing Dietary Diversity among Women of Reproductive Age in Tanzania: Insights from the Tanzania National Panel Survey Wave 4 Data
Authors: Swai Aleswa , Msoga Japhet J , Kamuhabwa Jocelyn , Mukasa Oscar R
Published: November 2024

Studying the Minimum Dietary Diversity of Women of reproductive age (MDD-W) is of paramount public health importance, considering their vulnerability due to intensified nutritional necessities during pregnancy and lactation. This study seeks to create a proxy for MDD-W in Tanzania, which is general missing in national-level surveys. We analyzed data from Tanzania National Panel survey wave 4 (TNPS) from which sixty food items were considered and grouped into 10 food categories as per Food and Agriculture Organization guide (2021). We considered only female household members aged 15–49 years. Data of women of reproductive age (WRA) were linked, person’s unique identifiers, with other characteristics related to food consumption and household’s data files. Grain, roots and tuber were consumed by majority (56.62%) while meat, poultry and fish by 19.3% and the rest of food groups by less than 3%. Slightly more than half (57%) of the women consumed from at least two food groups and collective MDD-W of the group was 1.83%. For that reason, none of the women attained a minimum dietary diversity for women of reproductive age. The findings suggest a potential contributor to micronutrient deficiencies in Tanzania and the insights from the study highlight the need for diversified diets to improve nutrition and health outcomes for this specific group under the study.
RSEIU: A recommendation algorithm for shopping based on explicit and implicit feedback of user
Authors: Gao Li , Fan Haiping , Liu Yi , Zhao Jinyang
Published: November 2024

Business websites typically employ recommendation systems to process large amounts of information. The lack of behavioral data for new users leads to the system’s inability to make recommendations for them, which is known as the cold-start problem. Additionally, these algorithms heavily rely on sparse explicit feedback data, making it challenging to provide users with precise recommendations , leading to the data sparsity problem. To address these issues, a recommendation algorithm for shopping based on explicit and implicit feedback from the user is proposed. Firstly, the algorithm uses special filters to extract features and generate a candidate list. Secondly, the interaction learning model and the multi-implicit feedback learning model are used to extract implicit relationships from the rating data for each item in the candidate list. The multi-implicit feedback learning model analyzes the implicit relationship from three perspectives. The three types of implicit feedback are used as auxiliary data to solve the data sparsity problem. The effectiveness of the algorithm in shopping recommendation is validated using the Tafeng dataset and the BookCrossing dataset.
Evaluation of fetal exposure to environmental noise using a computer-generated model
Authors: Gélat Pierre , Wout Elwin van 't , Haqshenas Reza , Melbourne Andrew , David Anna , Mufti Anna , Henriques Julian , de Maisieres Aude Thibaut , Jauniaux Eric
Published: November 2024

Acoustic noise can have profound effects on wellbeing, impacting the health of the pregnant mother and the development of the fetus. Mounting evidence suggests neural memory traces are formed by auditory learning in utero. A better understanding of the fetal auditory environment is therefore critical to avoid exposure to damaging noise levels. Using anatomical data from MRI scans (N=3), we used a computational model to quantify the acoustic field inside the pregnant maternal abdomen. We obtained acoustic transfer characteristics across the human audio range and pressure maps in transverse planes passing through the uterus at 5 kHz, 10 kHz and 20 kHz, showcasing multiple scattering and modal patterns. Our calculations suggest that for all datasets, the sound transmitted in utero is attenuated by as little as 6 dB below 1 kHz, confirming results from animal studies that the maternal abdomen and pelvis do not shelter the fetus from external noise.
Two-stage dual-level dispatch optimization model of multi-virtual power plants based on Stackelberg game
Authors: Tang jincheng , Li Xiaolan
Published: November 2024

With the continuous increase in the number of electric vehicles (EVs) and the rapid development of demand response (DR) technology, the power grid faces unprecedented challenges. Two-stage dual-level dispatch optimization model of multi-virtual power plants based on Stackelberg game is proposed in this paper. In the day-ahead stage, a two-layer optimization scheduling model is established, where the EV layer optimizes for maximum comprehensive user satisfaction, and the VPP layer optimizes for minimal operating costs and interaction power, determining the scheduling arrangements for each distributed energy resource. In the intraday stage, a Stackelberg game model is constructed with the distribution network operators(DNO) as the leader, aiming to maximize proffts, and the VPP as the follower, aiming to minimize its own operational costs, with both parties engaging in a game based on electricity prices and energy consumption strategies. In the simulation case study, the effectiveness of the constructed model is veriffed, and the results show that the model can effectively reduce user costs and achieve full consumption of new energy.
Predicting Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Advanced Machine Learning Techniques: A Combined Dataset Approach
Authors: Mandal Abinash
Published: November 2024

Assessing the compressive strength of concrete is crucial to ensure safety in civil engineering projects. Conventional methods often rely on manual testing and empirical formulae, which can be time-consuming and error-prone, respectively. In this study, the advanced machine learning techniques are employed to predict the concrete strength. The paper explores multiple base models, such as linear regression (including polynomial features up to degree 3), decision trees, support vector machines, and k-nearest neighbors. Hyperparameter tuning is utilized to improve the models and cross-validation is carried out to check any overfitting issues. In addition, artificial neural networks and ensemble learning methods such as voting, stacking, random forest, gradient boosting, and XGBoost are implemented. Two datasets from different sources are utilized in this study. It is shown that models trained on one dataset do not perform satisfactorily on second dataset and vice-versa, due to covariant shift in the datasets. In fact, this approach implied that rather than relying on advanced machine learning models, linear regression gave approximate results. After combining these datasets, the models were successful in generalizing over wider range of features. The results show that gradient boosting achieved the highest accuracy with an R² of 0.93 and an RMSE of 3.54 for the combined datasets. The paper further delves into finding the lower and upper bound of the predictions with 95% confidence interval using bootstrapping technique. The author recognizes the necessity of diverse datasets to improve model generalization. However, if the models are trained on limited datasets, and inference is to be made on those with different distributions of features than training data, then the prediction interval can be the indication of the confidence of the models. Further for inference on new unseen data, Mahalanobis distance is measured to indicate whether the data is outlier, thus improving the reliability.
The Association Between Social Outsiderhood and School Absence is Mediated by Internalizing Symptoms
Authors: Alanko Katarina , Söderberg Patrik , Lagerström Martin , Laakso Mikko-Jussi , Junttila Niina
Published: November 2024

Internalizing psychiatric symptoms and school absenteeism often co-occur. This study explores their detailed associations and examines whether internalizing symptoms (depression and anxiety) mediate the relationship between social outsiderhood (loneliness and ostracism) and school absence. It also investigates the links between various types of school absence (truancy, emotion-basedabsence, school withdrawal, and school exclusion) and experiences of loneliness and/or ostracism. Data were collected from 1,866 Finnish middle school adolescents (M age = 14.95, SD = 0.86). Findings indicate that both loneliness and ostracism are associated with school absenteeism, with internalizing symptoms serving as a mediator, however, with a low effect size. Students experiencing school exclusion reported the highest levels of social outsiderhood. These results underscore the importance of addressing students' social situations when assessing school absence and developing preventive interventions within the school context.
Correlation Between Residual Dizziness After Repositioning of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo and Motion Sickness
Authors: Lin Bingtong , Huang Genquan , Zhou Xuyou , Meng Danyang , Qu Juan , Xu Junjie , Wang Baoxiang , Hu Jin
Published: November 2024

Background Motion sickness is dizziness, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms caused by exposure to uncomfortable stimuli in the exercise environment. During the onset of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo ( BPPV ), patients with motion sickness may experience more severe vestibular symptoms, which may affect the occurrence of residual dizziness ( RD ) after BPPV repositioning. Methods The clinical data of patients with BPPV were collected. According to the history of motion sickness, the patients were divided into motion sickness group and non-motion sickness group, and the clinical characteristics of BPPV combined with motion sickness were analyzed. According to whether there was RD after successful canalith repositioning procedure (CRP), the patients were divided into RD group and non-RD group. The differences between the two groups were analyzed first, and then the influencing factors of RD were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results ①The proportion of women, dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) score, Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA) score and incidence of RD in the motion sickness group were higher than those in the non-motion sickness group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). ②The age, course of diseases, history of BPPV, history of motion sickness, DHI score and HAMA score in the RD group were higher than those in the non-RD group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). ③Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that history of motion sickness, age ≥ 60 years, course of disease > 1week, history of BPPV, DHI > 30 points, and HAMA ≥ 7 points were the influencing factors of RD (P < 0.05). Conclusion Motion sickness is correlated with RD, and can be an effective predictor of RD.
Wound Depth Measurement System in Forensic Case using Image Processing and Machine Learning
Authors: Wahyuni Elvira Sukma , Ahnaf Kern Cesarean , Firdaus Firdaus , Kadir Nurul Ashikin Abdul , Zakaria Nor Aini , Wiraagni Idha Arfianti , Kadarmo Diwangkoro Aji
Published: November 2024

Accurate evaluation of wound depth is vital for forensic investigations, as it can greatly influence case assessments and outcomes. This research presents a new method for classifying wound depth using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model, comparing its efficacy against Decision Tree and Logistic Regression models by utilizing color-based features derived from HSV and LAB color spaces. The dataset included 76 images, divided into three categories: stage 2 (36 images), stage 3 (12 images), and stage 4 (28 images). Performance was measured using confusion matrices, as well as F1-Score, precision, and recall. The SVM model attained an overall accuracy of 85%, showing high precision and recall across all stages, in contrast to the Decision Tree and Logistic Regression models, which achieved 50% and 70%, respectively. The results illustrated the strong performance of the SVM model, especially in distinguishing stage 2 wounds, while highlighting difficulties in differentiating between stages 3 and 4 compared to the other approaches. Furthermore, ROC curves and statistical tests, including paired t-tests, validated the significant performance improvements of the model over baseline methods. The results indicate that the proposed system could improve the accuracy and efficiency of forensic wound evaluations by offering a quick and objective classification tool. Future research should aim to broaden the dataset, integrate additional features, and investigate other machine learning models to enhance the system's robustness and applicability across various forensic scenarios.
FTO O-GlcNAcylation induces inactive form Pyrin expression, which suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation during LPS stimulation
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Lian , Zhang Lu , Liu Min , Xie Yan , Yuan Bi-Feng , Peng Zhiyong , Xiong Jun
Published: November 2024

The fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), as a key RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase, has been recently highlighted in modulating inflammatory response. However, the role and underlying mechanisms of FTO, especially FTO O-GlcNAcylation, in LPS-induced inflammasome remain elusive. Here we uncover that FTO undergoes O-GlcNAcylation specifically at the Ser95 site. LPS-enhanced O-GlcNAcylation of FTO promotes TRIM21-mediated FTO ubiquitination degradation, subsequently increasing m6A-modified Mefv (encoding Pyrin) expression in macrophages. LPS stimulation or FTO O-GlcNAcylation increases inactive form Pyrin expression and can not cause Pyrin-ASC-Casp1 inflammasome activation. The Pyrin competitively blocks NLRP3-ASC-Casp1 inflammasome assembly and activation through the Pyrin-PYD domain, reduces gasdermin D (GSDMD) pyroptosis and restrains TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6 production. FTO O-GlcNAcylation-deficiency or Pyrin knockdown aggravates the S. Typhimurium or LPS-induced sepsis and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Our findings clarify that there is a regulatory network among protein O-GlcNAcylation, m6A modification, and inflammasome activation. FTO O-GlcNAcylation or Pyrin acts as a negative regulator of NLPR3-ASC-Casp1 inflammasome. The Pyrin plays an anti-inflammatory role in LPS-treated macrophages. Enhancement of FTO O-GlcNAcylation or inactive form Pyrin may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for combating endotoxin-induced NLRP3-mediated inflammatory responses and sepsis.
The N-degron pathway governs autophagy to promote thermotolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Park Ohkmae , Kim Seu Ha , Park Jun Seok , Lee Myoung-Hoon , Seo Joongyu , Kim Jaekwan , Yang Woo Seok , Park Jihye , Yoo Kwangmin , Choi Jungmin , Seo Jong-Bok , Song Hyun Kyu
Published: November 2024

Autophagy is a vital process that enables plants to adapt to various environmental changes. During heat stress (HS), misfolded and denatured proteins accumulate in cells, necessitating autophagy for their removal. Here, we show that a core autophagy component ATG8a is targeted for degradation via the Arg/N-degron pathway. ATG8a is expressed as two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding ATG8a isoforms, namely ATG8a(S) and ATG8a(L), with distinct N-termini. While ATG8a(S) remains stable, ATG8a(L) is N-terminally processed to expose the Arg/N-degron, leading to its degradation. UBR7, identified as an N-recognin, is responsible for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of ATG8a(L). Notably, ATG8a(S) and ATG8a(L) show dynamic expression patterns, fluctuating ATG8a levels during the HS and recovery periods. Our findings highlight the crucial role of ATG8a turnover in conferring thermotolerance, which is governed by Arg/N-degron-mediated regulation. Understanding the molecular basis of ATG8a stability will provide valuable insights into plant resilience to HS under changing climatic conditions.
Ultraviolet exposure of mice fed a high fat diet reduces weight gain and markers of liver disease progression
Authors: Hazell Gareth Gareth , Khazova Marina , Mancey Hanna , Shek Raymond , O'Mahoney Paul
Published: November 2024

Research suggests that ultraviolet (UV) exposure of mice placed on a high fat diet can decline incidence of metabolic disease. However, current research had primarily focused on male mice. Here a pilot study is presented wherein male and female mice were placed on a low-fat diet or high fat diet, with the high fat diet cohort either exposed twice weekly to UV light or sham exposed. Non-significant trends are observed for weight amelioration in UV exposed mice across both sexes at study endpoint, whereas in the liver, a reduction of lipid droplet size due to UV exposure is observed. Assessment of vitamin D status at study endpoint shows that the high fat diet increases 25(OH)D level in both sexes, more so in female mice, with further non-significant rises due to UV exposure. This study supports previous evidence that non-vitamin D mediated pathways may be responsible for the outcomes reported in this study. The UV exposures used in this study also produce minimal damage to ex vivo skin or in vitro cells, in terms of cyclobutene-pyrimidine dimers (CPD’s) (characteristic signature mutations induced by UV), and double stranded breaks, further demonstrating the potential benefit of such exposures. This study supports and builds on current evidence that non-vitamin D pathways mediated through UV exposure may be beneficial in slowing weight gain and liver disease progression.
Springtime Habitat Survey of Oxythyrea sp. and Tropinota sp. in Northern Mallorca, Plant Preferences, and Ecological and Conservation Concerns of Roadside Proximity
Authors: Shields John Megre , Singer-Pennell Leah Maddalena
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the habitat preferences of beetles belonging to the Oxythyrea and Tropinota genera in Northern Mallorca, with a particular focus on flowering species as host plants. A total of 838 observational results were collected throughout field surveys. Key findings indicate that Oxythyrea sp. and Tropinota sp. predominantly inhabit areas with dense populations of flowering Galactites sp. and Asphodelus sp. plants in this region. It was noted during field surveys that plants located near roadsides hosted drastically fewer target beetles. This was the case even when the roadside evaluated had adequately dense clusters of suitable host plants, and when adjacent fields hosted many suitable host plants and strong beetle populations. This finding suggests that these beetles may be sensitive to pollution, road noise or artificial wind conditions generated by passing vehicles.
A case study of translating “Intolerance of Uncertainty Short form” (IUS-12) into Bahasa Malaysia – Part 1: unveiling a novel translation and cross-cultural adaptation approach for multi-ethnolinguistic population
Authors: Eachempati Prashanti , Nagraj Sumanth Kumbargere , Salian Kiran Kumar Krishnappa , Ismail Noorliza Mastura , Ismail Abdul Rashid Hj , Abas Adinegara Lutfi , Guan Wilander Law Cheng , Hanks Sally , Martin John , Nasser Mona
Published: November 2024

Background: Questionnaire translation is vital for high-quality research, requiring more than simple language conversion. Inaccurate translations can alter question meanings and compromise the intended message, necessitating cross-cultural adaptation, particularly in multi-ethnic, multi-lingual contexts. The aim of this project is to translate the "Intolerance of Uncertainty Short form" (IUS-12) into Bahasa Malaysia for multiethnolinguistic individuals using a novel process.
Methods: Recognizing that respondents may interpret questions in their mother tongue, we devised a systematic translation method. Forward and backward translations were conducted by trilingual individuals from each ethnic group, refined by an expert committee to assess semantic, conceptual, idiomatic, and experiential equivalence. A pilot study with 30 dental patients confirmed comprehension, resulting in the finalized IUS-12 BM.
The results revealed how some words and expressions lack direct equivalents, resulting in subtle differences that may be overlooked in the usual translation approach. Malaysia's unique multilingual environment further complicates matters, with people's mother tongues evolving within this diverse setting and extensive borrowing of words and concepts from other languages.
Conclusion: This research uniquely involves multiple ethnic groups at every stage, producing a translated instrument while gathering contextual data on how different cultures interpret concepts like "uncertainty." Based on our experience, we propose the MELT toolkit to enhance translation and adaptation processes. In conclusion, our novel approach offers a unique method for developing ethnolinguistically relevant instruments that foster inclusive and diverse research practices. This methodology emphasizes the importance of cultural sensitivity and linguistic accuracy, ensuring research outcomes reflect the perspectives of varied ethnic groups.
Comprehensive Analysis of Therapeutic Strategies Using Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Preclinical Models of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Pandey Ramendra Pati , Mukherjee Riya , K Gunjan , k Himanshu , Wang Ing-Kae , Hsieh Sing-Ying , Chang Chung-Ming
Published: November 2024

Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease affecting people and animals, resulting in persistent pain and joint deformities. Its growing prevalence presents considerable difficulties to public health and veterinary care systems worldwide. Despite substantial research, the molecular pathways underlying OA pathogenesis remain poorly understood, limiting the development of effective treatment strategies. Exosomes, or small endosomal membrane microvesicles, have emerged as intriguing vehicles for intercellular communication and medicinal administration in a variety of illnesses, including OA. However, their efficacy and action methods in preclinical OA models require additional exploration.
Methods
We analyzed several databases from 2016 to 2023 for original studies on exosome treatment in preclinical OA models. The inclusion criteria included studies that used exosomes generated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in both human and animal models of OA. Thematic synthesis and data extraction were used to examine research features, dosage administration techniques, and efficacy results. The quality of included studies was assessed using recognized criteria, and statistical analysis was performed to determine the efficacy of exosome treatment in decreasing Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores.
Results
Our study comprised thirteen peer-reviewed articles that included both human and animal models of OA. Most trials used bone marrow MSC-derived exosomes administered intra-articularly. The analysis of OARSI scores revealed a considerable reduction in joint deterioration following exosome therapy. Source analysis demonstrated that exosome treatment originating from human and animal MSCs was consistently effective. However, an assessment of study quality revealed potential biases and limitations, emphasizing the need for more research to validate these findings and refine therapy options for OA management.
“Suck it up and push through!” Exploring the experiences of women with endometriosis at work.
Authors: Howe Danielle , O'Shea Michelle , Duffy Sarah , Armour Mike
Published: November 2024

Endometriosis affects an estimated 6–14% of women and people presumed female at birth, significantly impacting quality of life and workplace productivity. While research highlights that endometriosis pain and symptom management hinders careers and productivity; our current understanding of how workplace practices and intersecting discourses and norms shape careers (for people with endometriosis) remains limited. The present research aims to understand how people with endometriosis experience and make sense of their experiences managing endometriosis symptoms and paid work. First, we asked how do women with endometriosis interpret the way their career is shaped by symptom management at work? Secondly, how can this knowledge inform workplace policies and practices which support endometriosis symptom management in the workplace? Through six online focus groups (September-November 2022) with 45 cisgender women either currently or recently employed in Australia and guided by a post-structural feminist lens, we uncovered two themes in women’s experiences. We labelled the first “If I wanted to get somewhere…I had to suck it up” and consider how and why employees conceal their symptoms; and second “If I can be supported, I can work: shifting responsibility from employee to workplace” demonstrating how workplace accommodations and education are impactful. Our recommendations include the development and adoption of workplace guidelines that support physical symptom management together with educational initiatives that challenge stigma, masculinist and ableist norms that support improved workplace productivity, personal wellbeing and career outcomes.
A DiSCo JWST portrait of the primordial Solar System through its trans-Neptunian objects
Authors: Pinilla-Alonso Noemi , Brunetto Rosario , De Pra Mario N , Holler Bryan J. , Henault Elsa , Felician Ana Carolina de Souza , Lorenzi Vania , Pendleton Yvonne J. , Cruikshank Dale P. , Muller Thomas G. , Stansberry John A. , Emery Joshua P. , Schambeau Charles A. , Licandro Javier , Harvison Brittany , McClure Lucas , Guilbert-Lepoutre Aurelie , Peixinho Nuno , Bannister Michele T. , Wong Ian
Published: November 2024

The detection of molecules on the coldest and outermost objects in our Solar System has long been limited by the terrestrial atmosphere and the sensitivity of the available instrumentation. However, near-infrared observations by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have now provided an unprecedented view of the molecular diversity on the surfaces of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). Using the low spectral resolution PRISM mode on the Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) as part of the Cycle 1 Large Program “Discovering the Surface Composition of trans-Neptunian objects" (DiSCo-TNOs), we report the detection of several molecular ices throughout the TNO population, including H2O, CO2, 13CO2, CO, CH3OH, and complex molecules and refractory materials containing aliphatic C–H, C≡N, O–H, and N–H bonds. As a result of the imprint that these molecules leave on the spectra, three main compositional groups consistently emerge from multiple independent cluster analysis efforts. Our results unlock the long-standing question of the interpretation of color diversity providing the much-needed compositional information. The marked separation of the three spectral clusters reveals sharp variations in the surface molecular constituents. The C/O and (CH + NH)/(C + O) ratios on the surface of TNOs are the primary indicators of the spectral differences among the three TNO compositional groups that we observe today. We propose that these objects are fossil remnants of icy planetesimals, and that the three compositional groups provide a picture of the ice retention lines in the Solar System that likely occurred in the outer protoplanetary disk, possibly just before a major planetary migration.
Should preimplantation hysteroscopy be performed routinely in cases of recurrent implantation failure?
Authors: Özel Murat , Ruso Halil , Gürgan Timur
Published: November 2024

Objective:The persistent challenge of Recurrent Implantation Failure (RIF) in In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) cycles necessitates ongoing research. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of hysteroscopy (HS) on pregnancy rates (PR) in patients with RIF undergoing euploid embryo transfer.
Materials and methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a private assisted reproduction clinic, and included 357 patients from January 2019 to September 2023, all with a history of RIF and no abnormalities detectable by sonography or hysterosalpingography (HSG). Patients were divided into two groups: the HS group, comprising 156 patients who underwent HS and endometrial injury prior to transferring euploid embryos in a frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycle; the non-HS group, including 201 patients who proceeded with FET cycles involving euploid embryos without prior HS.
Results:Among the 156 RIF patients who underwent HS, 140 (89.7%) exhibited a normal uterine cavity, while abnormalities were detected in 16 patients (10.3%), predominantly endometrial polyps (n=9, 56.2%). No significant statistical difference was observed in PR between the HS group (n=81, 51.9%) and the non-HS group (n=99, 49.2%). Similarly, PR was comparable between patients who received hysteroscopic correction for detected uterine abnormalities (n=8, 50.0%) and those with normal HS findings (n=73, 52.1%).
Conclusion:Performing hysteroscopic endometrial injury, or correction of uterine abnormalities not detectable by sonography and HSG does not improve the PR in FET cycles with euploid embryos.
Memristive blinking neuron enabling dense and scalable photonically-linked neural network
Authors: Cheng Bojun , ZHOU Yue , Fang Yuetong , Gisler Raphael , Ren Hongwei , Fu Haotian , Ma Zelin , Huang Yulong , Xu Renjing , Bouhelier Alexandre , Leuthold Juerg
Published: November 2024

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has driven a surging demand for powerful architectures whose capabilities scale with network size and dense neuron connections. However, the large footprint of CMOS neurons and the constraints on electric routing are significantly hindering the scale-up of the number of artificial neurons and their synaptic connectivity. Inspired by the biological neurons’ intricate and dense network structure, we introduce a 3-dimensional (3D) connectivity. Here, we demonstrate a 3D neural network (NN) with atomic scale memristive blinking neuron (MBN) linked by photons free from electrical routing constraints. Our MBN features a minimal footprint of 170×240 nm2 and emits photon pulses upon integrating a critical number of incoming electrical spikes, eliminating the need for the bulky peripheral circuit readout and electrical wiring for transmitting the signals. Such MBN not only offers the functionality of a spiking neuron but also constitutes a CMOS-compatible planar light source for intra-neuron communication, overcoming the bottleneck of plenary CMOS technology. The functionality of the MBN is demonstrated in two different photonically-linked NN applications. First, we test the MBN on a four-class classification task within the Google Speech dataset and show 91.51% accuracy. We then show its operation in a high-density artificial neuron array with a pitch of 1 µm, pushing the boundaries of optical diffraction, realizing an unprecedented neuron density on par with the human brain. An MNIST classification task is performed with a 92.27% accuracy. Our new photonically-linked NN significantly increases the neuron density as well as scalability, showing great potential for realizing next-generation AI hardware.
P16 Immunohistochemistry: A Key to Accurate Diagnosis of High-Risk Cervical Lesions
Authors: Rugemalila Moses Muganyizi , Ndayisaba Marie Claire , Kitinya James , Vuhahula Edda
Published: November 2024

Background
The expression of p16 protein is a critical biomarker for identifying high-risk HPV-related cervical lesions, including cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CINII) (CINII) (CINI) and Koilocytosis. This study evaluated the diagnostic utility of p16 immunohistochemistry in cervical biopsies at Muhimbili National Hospital.
Methods
A total of 92 cervical biopsy specimens were analyzed using immunohistochemical staining for p16. The staining results were assessed by two independent pathologists, with p16 positivity defined as strong nuclear and cytoplasmic staining in over 75% of the cells. The association between p16 expression and lesion grades was statistically analyzed using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.
Results
High p16 expression was observed in cases of high-grade CIN, consistent with global findings. Conversely, low-grade CIN and benign lesions exhibited minimal p16 overexpression. These results underscore the potential of p16 as a reliable biomarker for distinguishing between high-grade and low-grade cervical lesions.
Conclusion
The findings of this study reinforce the diagnostic value of p16 immunohistochemistry in cervical pathology. By accurately identifying high-risk lesions, p16 testing can significantly improve diagnostic precision and reduce the risk of overtreatment in low-resource settings. Further research is warranted to explore the integration of p16 testing into routine cervical cancer screening protocols.
Effect of different temperatures on denitrifying bacteria in UMSR reactor under Fe0 and electromagnetic field
Authors: Abdulatti Algonin , Ali Sidhoum , Zhao Bowei , Xie Fei , Cui Ying , Yue Xiuping
Published: November 2024

Urban sewage typically has a low C/N ratio. To meet discharge standards, additional organic carbon and temperature control are often added to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to aid denitrification. In this study, a lab-scale up-flow micro-aerobic sludge reactor (UMSR) with 1.5 mg/L dissolved oxygen (DO) was used to treat 50 mg/L ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) without external organic carbon. The reactor was kept at a controlled at two different temperatures of 15°C and 34°C for the survey, with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2.5 hours. Fe⁰ ≤ 0.3 µm was added to the reactor at 3 g/L, alongside a 48-mT magnetic field. The results assessed the reactor's removal efficiency and denitrifying bacteria enrichment. At 15°C, NH4+-N and NO3−-N removal efficiencies were 54.4% and 58.1%, respectively; at 34°C, they were 49.7% and 42.2%. Illumina sequencing revealed enriched denitrifying bacteria at 34°C by coupling MF with Fe0, including Gemmobacter at 2.6%, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) Nitrosomonas at 1.6%, moderately thermophilic and CO2 fixation Ignavibacterium at 0.5%, and heterotrophic denitrification Dokdonella at 0.2%. Also noted was a sharp decrease at 34°C by coupling MF with Fe0 of Gemmatimonas at 1.3%, and moderately thermophilic Tepidisphaera at 1%. BLAST-detected identity bacteria strains, and PICRUSt-predicted bacterial community functions were detected. The KGGE dataset presenting decreased enzymes at 34°C, such as (narl), (narH), (narG), (nasC), (anfG), and (nasB), while (nifK) showed an increase at 34°C.
Fall cone tests on sensitive marine clay: a comprehensive experimental study and its replication with the Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method
Authors: Mohapatra Debasis , Mohammadi Saeideh , Saresma Maarit , Virtasalo Joonas J. , Sołowski Wojciech T.
Published: November 2024

The paper presents fall cone experiments, their analysis with digital image processing and their replication with the Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method. The fall cone experiments were conducted on a soft and sensitive marine clay sample collected from the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea. The paper presents experiments performed with a 30°, 100g cone, and a 60°, 60g cone dropped from different heights and recorded with a high-speed camera. The tests were supplemented with a laboratory test program to determine the geotechnical properties of the soil used in the tests. The Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method (GIMP) simulations shown in the paper replicate the process of indentation of the cone into the soil: the cone displacement, velocity, acceleration, and reaction force curves obtained with digital image processing. The simulations show that for an accurate replication of the process a strain-rate dependent Tresca constitutive model, extended with strain softening replicating destructuration is sufficient. The study examines the effect of cone geometry, cone mass, cone roughness, impact velocity, mesh density, strain rate and strain softening on the cone penetration process. The simulation results indicate that the presented framework can simulate the dynamic penetration process on soft and sensitive clay very well.
Expression of Transcription Factors cMyc, Sox2 and klf4 in Human Dental Pulp
Authors: Alzer Heba , Alsoleihat Firas
Published: November 2024

Background: Induced pluripotent stem cells have been proposed as a novel therapeutic option that provides an autologous source of stem cells. However, the methods utilized in generating induced pluripotent stem cells, like viral transduction, ‏and the tumorgenicity of the resulting cells, raise serious concerns in medical society.
Objective: Here, we propose that initiating the reprogramming with a type of cell that already has a high expression of some of the transcription factors necessary for the induction would suggestively provide a safer substitute to experiment with for clinical trials.
Methods: We investigated the adult human dental pulp cells for the expression of some of these transcription factors, reported previously to induce human somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the wisdom teeth of healthy patients aged between 17 and 19 to study the expression of Sox2, klf4, and c-Myc.
Results: The results show a strong expression of Sox2 and c-Myc in the dental pulp among various locations, while klf4 expression was not detected.
Conclusion: the human adult dental pulp possesses a subpopulation of stem cells that strongly expresses c-Myc/Sox2 and provides a suitable, feasible source to induce pluripotent stem cells.
Acylcarnitine profiling in meningiomas with different NF2 mutation status
Authors: Bogusiewicz Joanna , Furtak Jacek , Birski Marcin , Soszyńska Krystyna , Majdańska Anna , Ryfa Agata , Harat Marek , Bojko Barbara
Published: November 2024

The mutation in NF2 is the most common alteration associated with meningioma oncogenesis, and it is related to the loss of a suppressing protein called merlin. At the same time, alterations in energy production are visible in cancer cells where increased demand for energy is observed. Fatty acid oxidation could be one of the ways cancer cells obtain energy. This metabolic pathway uses the acylcarnitine shuttle system, which is responsible for the acylation of fatty acids and their transport through mitochondria. Therefore, this study aimed to profile acylcarnitines with short-, medium- and long-acyl chain length in meningiomas to assess their changes in tumors with different NF2 mutation statuses. For the analysis, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was used. The presented sampling method enables low invasive and easy collection of the analytes from the studied lesions, which can be crucial for future analysis of potential biomarkers in the surgery room. It was observed that higher levels of these analytes characterized meningiomas with NF2 mutation. Moreover, increased energy consumption and elevated levels of acylcarnitines show that these analytes can be considered as a marker of increased fatty acid oxidation in NF2 mutated cells.
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ЭПИСТЕМОЛОГИИ И МЕТОДОЛОГИИ ИСТОРИИ
Authors: К.В. Хвостова
Published: November 2024

Задача статьи состоит в изучении границ применения неклассической научной парадигмы в исторических исследованиях. Роль названной парадигмы выражается в применении математических методов при анализе пространственно-временны́х исторических тенденций. Специфические черты историописания – результат внимания, придаваемого единичным событиям.

The article aims to study limits of the application of non-classical scientific paradigm in the historical science. Use of statistical methods and differential equations in historical studies demonstrates the role of non-classical paradigm in history. The author's attention is focused on the specific features of history due to the role of historical events. The attention is given to the specific meaning of induction in history.
ПАМЯТЬ И НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ В ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ ФРАНЦИИ
Authors: З.А. Чеканцева
Published: November 2024

В статье осмысливается проблема формирования и трансформации научного подхода к изучению национальной истории во Франции сквозь призму взаимоотношений коллективной памяти и исторической мысли, ищущей профессиональной ясности и научности. Показано, как «работает» память в историографической операции; каким образом исторический нарратив взаимодействует с социальной памятью в национальной исторической памяти. Обсуждается вопрос о роли памяти в формировании национальной идентичности французов в режиме longue durée и в контексте изменяющихся отношений с социальным временем.

The article discusses formation and transformation of research approaches to the study of national history in France in the context of relation between collective memory and historical thought seeking professional clarity and academic quality. It shown how memory “works” in historiography; how historical narrative interacts with social memory within national historical memory. The article also presents an analysis of the role of memory in shaping of the French national identity in longue durée and in the context of changing relations with social time.