bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A REVIEW ON THE PROBABLE MODE OF ACTION OF HINGUVACHADI CHURNA (POWDER)- AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION WITH MULTIFACETED ACTION
Authors: Sinimol.T.P  , Emy. S.Surendran  , Varsha Sumedhan  , Meghna.P.P  , V.Subhose
Published: May 2021

Since time immemorial, a wide variety of various formulations have been used by Ayurvedic physicians to treat different gastro intestinal disorders which includes Churna (powder), Kwatha (decoctions), fermented preparations like Asava and Arishta, Lehya (linctus), Vati/ Gutika (tablets) etc. Agnimandya (slow digestive power) is considered as the root cause of all disorders in Ayurveda, especially gastrointestinal disorders. Hinguvachadi Churna is a time tested formulation widely used by Ayurvedic practitioners for correcting the digestive power of our body. There are 24 constituents in this formulation and is indicated in the management of certain specific disease conditions originated because of Vata and Kapha humour. Modern scientific world always need explanations and logic behind the mode of action of various Ayurvedic procedures. This review is an attempt to explain the mode of action of this formulation. On analysing the properties of the ingredients, it was found that it is predominant of Katu rasa (pungent taste), Ruksha (dry) Teekshna (sharp) Guna (property), Ushna veerya (hot potency), Katu vipaka (pungent taste after bio transformation). These properties are responsible for the various pharmacological action of the formulation in Ayurvedic terms. As per modern pharmacology, phytoconstituents of many herbs are having action concerned with motility and secretions of Gastrointestinal tract, ultimately resulting in improved digestive capacity of our body. Analysis of mode of action gives a deep insight about the usage of formulations with a better understanding. The physician can apply his logic to use the medicine in contexts other than indicated.
LOS CÓDIGOS DE AUTORREGULACIÓN DE LOS CONTENIDOS AUDIOVISUALES Y SUS EFECTOS JURÍDICOS
Authors: LAZCANO BROTONS IÑIGO
Published: May 2021

La Ley 7/2010 General de Comunicación Audiovisual ha supuesto un profundo
cambio en la concepción de la autorregulación de los medios audiovisuales. Dicha
norma atribuye importantes efectos jurídicos a los códigos deontológicos de autorregulación
que dichos medios elaboren, los cuales suelen estar referidos, principalmente, al contenido
de su programación. La consecuencia más directa de la norma es la posibilidad de
sancionar administrativamente a un medio audiovisual por el incumplimiento de dichos códigos.
Esto plantea numerosos problemas teóricos y prácticos derivados de la insuficiente
regulación que la ley establece respecto a la elaboración y publicidad de dichos códigos,
problemas que este trabajo propone exponer y señalar alternativas posibles de solución.

Ikus-entzunezko komunikazioari buruzko 7/2010 Lege Orokorrak ikus-entzunezko
komunikabideen autoerregulazioa erabat aldatu du. Arau horrek ondorio juridiko
esanguratsuak ditu hedabideek prestatzen dituzten autoerregulazioko kode deontologikoetan,
oro har, programazioaren edukiari buruzkoak izaten direnetan. Arauak ekarri duen ondoriorik
zuzenena da hedabideak administratiboki zigortu daitezkeela, kode horiek betetzen
ez badituzte. Horrek askotariko arazo teorikoak eta praktikoak eragiten ditu, legeak ez baitu
kode horien prestakuntza eta publizitatea behar beste erregulatzen. Lan honek arazo horiek
azaldu eta balizko irtenbideak ematen ditu.

The General Act 7/2010 on Audiovisual Communication has triggered a
deep change in the understanding of the self-regulation of audiovisual media. That norm
attributes important legal effects to the deontological codes of self-regulation drafted
by those media, that are mainly referred to the content of their programmes. The most
direct consequence of the norm is the possibility to impose administrative sanctions to an
audiovisual media for the failure to comply with those codes. This raises many theoretical
and practical problems that derive from the inadequate regulation established by the Act
regarding the drafting and publicity of those codes, problems that this work tries to expose
and to identify possible alternatives for a solution.
EL VALOR PLURALISMO POLÍTICO DEL ART. 1.1 DE LA CONSTITUCIÓN ANTE LA REESTRUCTURACIÓN DEL SISTEMA POLÍTICO Y ECONÓMICO
Authors: NOGUERA FERNÁNDEZ ALBERT
Published: May 2021

El pluralismo político constituye, de acuerdo con el artículo 1.1 de la Constitución, uno de los valores superiores del ordenamiento jurídico español y condición fundamental para todo sistema democrático. La realización del pluralismo político requiere de dos elementos: un elemento subjetivo (la libertad de partidos políticos) y un elemento objetivo (la capacidad de los distintos partidos no mayoritarios de continuar desarrollando, después de las elecciones, una acción política de crítica y propuesta de alternativas que les permita influir en la toma de decisiones). Este artículo analiza cómo, fruto de la reestructuración del sistema político y económicos llevada a cabo en las últimas décadas, estos dos elementos clásicos necesarios para la garantía del pluralismo político podrían estar sufriendo una limitación que afectaría, en sentido negativo, al propio valor pluralismo político.

Aniztasun politikoa, Konstituzioaren 1.1. artikuluaren arabera, antolamendu juridiko espainiarreko balio nagusietako bat da, eta funtsezko baldintza sistema demokratiko guztientzat. Aniztasun politikoa gauzatu ahal izateko, bi elementu behar dira: bata subjektiboa (alderdi politikoen askatasuna), eta bestea objektiboa (gehiengodun ez diren alderdiek, hauteskundeen ostean, erabakiak hartzeko prozesuetan eragiteko aukera emango dien ekintza politikoa gauzatzen jarraitu ahal izatea kritika eta proposamen alternatiboak egiteko). Artikulu honek adierazten du, azken hamarkadetan sistema politikoan eta ekonomikoan egindako berregituratzeen ondorioz, aniztasun politikoa bermatzeko beharrezko diren bi elementu klasiko horiek murrizten ari direla, eta horrek eragin negatiboa izan dezakeela aniztasun politikoaren balioan.

Political pluralism is, in accordance with Article 1.1 of the Constitution, one of the highest values of the Spanish legal system and fundamental to any democratic system. The realization of political pluralism requires two elements: a subjective element (the freedom of political parties) and an objective element (the possibility of the various non-majority parties to continue developing, after the elections, a political action review and proposal alternatives allowing them to influence in the government decisions). This article analyzes how as result of the restructuring of the economic and political system held in recent decades, these two classic elements needed to guarantee political pluralism could be suffering a limitation that affect, in a negative sense, the political pluralism own value.
PLANIFICAR LA INFRAESTRUCTURA VERDE URBANA
Authors: URIARTE RICOTE MAITE
Published: May 2021

El diseño de un marco jurídico de referencia para la sostenibilidad medioambiental
y social de las ciudades requiere la integración de los proyectos de infraestructuras
verdes en la planificación territorial y urbana, así como en las distintas políticas sectoriales.

Hirietako ingurumen- eta gizarte-jasangarritasunerako esparru juridiko
baten diseinuak beharrezkoa du azpiegitura berdeen proiektuak txertatzea lurralde- eta hiriplangintzan,
bai eta sektore-politiketan ere.

The design of the legal framework of reference for the enviromental and
social sustainability of cities requires the integration of green infrastructures projects into
the territorial and urban planning a well as in different sectorial policies.
Practices, Opportunities, and Challenges Of SIP in Primary Schools of Ilu Gelan Woreda, West Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State
Authors: Dabesa Fekadu , Cheramlak Shireye Fekadu
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess practices, opportunity and challenges of SIP in selected primary schools of Elu Gelan Woreda.
Methodology/Approach/Design: A descriptive survey method was employed. The population of the study was 90 teachers, 14 principals, 7 primary school supervisors, 1Woreda Education Office heads, 3 Woreda Education Office process owners and 31 SIP committee. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using simple statistical tools such as frequent count and percentages, while the data obtained through interviews, Focus Group discussions, Observation checklist and Document review were analyzed qualitatively to substantiate the result of quantitative analysis.
Findings: The findings of the study showed that there is a shortage of financial support and a lack of awareness among stakeholders. The results also indicate that there is a lack of learning facilities and poor community participation. The study revealed poor management, poor community mobilization, and poor collaboration in SIP implementation.
Practical Implications: Based on the results of the study, it is proposed that an adequate awareness creation program should be implemented to ensure the practical involvement of all stakeholders; organizing and allocating the necessary resources, providing proper technical support and practical training to support the implementation of SIP. The findings of the study may help schools and other educational authorities at different administrative levels in providing valuable information for planners and policymakers to set strategies for better school improvement.
Originality/Value: SIP in the study area was not implemented as indicated in the framework of SIP.
A POLÍTICA E OS AFETOS, SEGUNDO SPINOZA
Authors: Antonio Meller Filho Amaury , Ferreira da Cunha Júnior Luiz
Published: May 2021

Versa-se na presente pesquisa sobre a concepção de Spinoza acerca do papel dos afetos na política. A problemática posta em análise é a expressão política da massa e da multidão; no primeiro caso, os indivíduos que a compõem são guiados somente pelos afetos, já os indivíduos que constituem a multidão empregam a razão como um meio de conhecer as causas dos afetos e, assim, evitam os que podem levar a perda de potência (conatus), principio elementar para conservação da própria existência individual, da existência da multidão e, ainda, para agir politicamente. Inicia-se a pesquisa com uma exposição da natureza particular dos indivíduos; na sequência, coloca-se em foco a expressão política da massa e da multidão e, por fim, mostra-se a relação da multidão com o Estado Civil, segundo o concebia Spinoza. Como saldo, evidencia-se que os afetos não estão acima ou abaixo da razão, mas, antes, a razão e os afetos devem ser complementares para que o ordenamento político intensifique as potencialidades indivíduas.
Static loading tests on small-scale pile groups
Authors: Bach Vu Hoang Lan
Published: May 2021

36 small-scale model tests in soft clay were conducted to research the performances of pile groups under rigid caps. The parameters studied were the effect of pile length, pile spacing, and the number of piles in a group. The group piles consisted of 4, 6, and 9 circular model piles of 16mm in outer diameter (D), while four kinds of the pile spacing between pile centers 3; 4; 5; and 6 times of the diameter and three types of the embedded pile lengths: 20D; 25D; and 30D were used. For comparison, three single piles with the same diameter and length were also tested under the same condition. The experimental results were discussed based on the following 3 points of view: the pile group efficiency, the settlement ratio, load distribution per pile location in the group pile. All discussion suggested that the pile number and pile spacing in a pile group caused a remarkable interactional effect between piles, whereas the settlement ratios are significantly affected by the pile length. Besides, each pile in the group of 6D pile spacing behaved more individually.
A state-of-the art review of tensile behavior of the textile-reinforced concrete composite
Authors: Tran Manh Tien , Do Ngoc Tu , Vu Xuan Hong
Published: May 2021

Over the past two decades, textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) materials have been increasingly and widely used for the strengthening/reinforcement of civil engineering works. Thanks to their many advantages as the durability, considerable bond strength with the reinforced concrete (RC) members, best recycling conditions, the TRC materials are considered as an optimal alternative solution to substitute the traditional strengthening and reinforcing materials FRP (Fiber-Reinforced Polymer). The mechanical behavior of TRC composite has been characterized in previous experimental studies. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the mechanical behavior of TRC composite under tensile loading. By inheriting from previous review studies, this paper updates the experimental studies on the tensile behavior of TRC composite in the last decade. The review addresses, firstly the mechanical properties of constituent materials in TRC as reinforcement textile, cementitious matrix, and textile/matrix interface. Secondly, it addresses the tensile behavior of TRC composite, including the characterization methods as well as analyses of its strain-hardening behavior with different phases. The paper then discusses the main factors which influence the mechanical behavior of TRC materials in the available experimental studies. Finally, the conclusion of this review terminates this paper.
Investigation of saltwater intrusion in thach han river system by mike hydro river package
Authors: Vuong Tai Chi , Nguyen Khanh Linh , Vu Huong Ngan , Dinh Nhat Quang , Truong Van Anh
Published: May 2021

Saltwater intrusion is one of the most severe problems for worldwide coastal regions, leading to negative impacts on both human and aquatic inhabitant communities. Quang Tri province, located in the Central Coast region of Vietnam, faces consequences of saltwater intrusion because of its dense river network and El Nino phenomena’s influences. To analyse hydrological, hydraulic processes as well as investigate saltwater intrusion’s situation in this province, the authors adopted MIKE HYDRO River package and obtained results with good agreements with measured data from survey campaigns. The present conditions scenario shows that saltwater intrudes Thach Han and Cam Lo rivers with a distance of 25.35 km and 15.04 km respectively, where the salt concentration is under 0.75‰ and water can be drunk and irrigated. The large discharge of 30 m3/s can only push saltwater only 1.85 km to the sea, which is insignificant in comparison with the value of seawater wedge length, saltwater intrusion in Thach Han river system can only be mitigated slightly. Since the authors only consider hydrological droughts, future scenarios in 2030 and 2050 have slight differences with the present, where topography and river flow remain unchanged. Based on the above results, non-structural measurements are not recommended to deal with saltwater intrusion for both present and future scenarios, and local authorities should consider structural solutions, e.g. constructions of anti-salt dams, during the decision-making process.
A Brief Review of Fly-ash Based Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Galande Vaibhavi G , Kamble Harshavardhan U
Published: May 2021

Geopolymer concrete can be the future of the conventional concrete and it can be used as replacement agent instead of conventional concrete in construction work along with that the GPC is eco friendly in nature as it does not emits CO2 in atmosphere so it is helpful to reduce the Greenhouse effect. The material used for the manufacturing of GPC are Binder’s and Actuators. Birder’s are obtained from the thermal power plant also known as fly ash and actuator consist of the sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide, calcium chloride, sodium thiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate, etc. By combing these acceleration and Binder’s with other concrete material the process of Geopolymeration starts. The objective of these study is to give a detailed review on the geopolymer concrete mix design, compressive behavior, flexural and split tensile behavior and chemical acid resistance when immersed in sopheric acid and nitric acid by using various research paper and the test result difference of conventional concrete and geopolymer concrete. Based on that a review is prepared.
Alternativas epistêmicas emergentes na ciência e seu ensino a partir do sul global
Authors: Oliveira Maíra Caroline Defendi , Linsingen Irlan von
Published: May 2021

Este artigo apresenta as principais ideias dos estudos decoloniais desenvolvidos nas últimas décadas, na América Latina, assim como das Epistemologias do Sul, movimento que se consolida na Europa, mas que conta com reflexões de diferentes autores do sul global. Ambos os movimentos são paradigmas alternativos que instigam a ruptura da lógica colonial de que a ciência impera e questionam a imposição de valores às localidades subalternizadas pelas classes dominantes, apontando para a necessidade de uma mudança nos projetos epistêmicos sobre a produção e apropriação do conhecimento científico e das relações desse conhecimento com outros saberes. Posteriormente, o texto apresenta algumas asserções sobre a natureza da ciência embasadas nesses dois movimentos, discutindo suas implicações na ciência e seu ensino. O que se propõe nesse texto é a abertura para o diálogo crítico na luta por uma sociedade mais igualitária, justa e democrática, que busca romper com o patriarcalismo, com os efeitos da dominação colonial, o racismo e o capitalismo.
Combustion as a measure to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from natural gas well blowouts
Authors: Du Marvin
Published: May 2021

Natural gas well blowouts can release a large amount of methane along with other greenhouse gases. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the global warming potential (GWP) of fossil methane is 30 times higher than that of carbon dioxide in a 100-year time horizon. Here, we show that combustion can be used as a means to significantly reduce the global warming effect of greenhouse emissions from gas well blowouts: up to 90 percent of the effect can be eliminated by combusting the released natural gas. The 2015 Aliso Canyon storage well blowout is used as an example.
Community resilience: Measuring social and political vulnerability in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
Authors: Thornton, PhD, MPPA Tonya E. , Murphy-Greene, PhD, MPA Celeste , Simon, MPA Katherine M.
Published: May 2021

The scope of policy issues surrounding emergency management remains inundated with several social and political challenges. There are specific events that cause added strain which make certain time periods for examining levels of resiliency relevant. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill represents a large-scale, technological disaster. Not only was there a loss of human life, but several community impacts also exist with the oil having spewed out into the water. Still, what impacts—that is, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors—are associated with varying population groups that may be more vulnerable than others? Examining the connection between social capital and political trust is, thus, paramount as prior studies have documented that if resiliency networks are disrupted, there will be a lasting impact upon the community. This research extends the limited understanding of case-based perceptions of social and political vulnerability regarding disaster responsibility.
A classification of fire evacuation ability of home care clients based on the RAI-HC instrument
Authors: Björkgren, PhD Magnus , Borg, MS Frank , Oksanen, MS Tytti , Mäkinen, MS Leila
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Home care and community-based services are being increasingly promoted in elderly care to prevent the need for institutional care. As more physically and cognitively dependent clients are being cared for in the community, concerns from fire safety perspectives have been raised. The issue becomes whether the home care client can evacuate safely from the residence in case of fire, where the available safe egress time is estimated to be around 2-3 minutes. The objective of this study was to develop a classification based on the RAI Home Care 2.0 assessment instrument for determining the evacuation ability of home care clients in the case of fire.Design: The evacuation ability was assessed by fire safety experts who rated the evacuation ability of home care clients (N = 1,011). These data were linked to the persons RAI-HC assessment, which is a comprehensive assessment instrument of the person’s functional performance and health status.Results: The classification provides a reasonably accurate prediction of different risk categories in home care.Conclusion: The classification can be used for screening home care clients to determine their evacuation ability.
Emergency numbers accessibility for disabled peoples’: Case of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Ghanbari, PhD Vahid , Ardalan, MD, PhD Ali , Nejati, MD Amir , Rostamnia, PhD Leili , Mousavi, PhD Ghasem
Published: May 2021

Introduction: An emergency is a serious, unexpected situation which may lead to injury, loss of life and damage to property and often needs urgent interventions. Emergency calls can bring urgent life-saving intervention in such situations. Although access to emergency lines for all persons of a society is one of the effectiveness indexes of this critical service, in most countries, these lines are not accessible for disabled people.Case presentation: This study examined the issue of emergency number accessibility for disabled people in the I.R. of Iran. Two persons who had been poisoned by carbon monoxide died because their deaf-mute father could not communicate with the Emergency Medical Service Center (EMSC). This led to the Emergency Medical Service Management Center (EMSMC), in collaboration with Iranian Society of Deaf People Family (ISDPF), developing a system that is a combination of short message system (SMS) and location-based information (LBI) to facilitate the communication of such disabled persons with EMSMCs. The system did not receive any emergency message until this report is provided. Conclusion: Because emergency call service has not been available for disabled people in Iran until now, emergency service organizations should take a proactive approach in developing a reliable and easy to use a method with the current technologies. These organizations should also provide information about the installed systems for end-users.
No time to wait: Commandeering healthcare facilities in the age of COVID-19
Authors: El-Sabawi, JD, PhD Taleed , Beletsky, JD, MPH Leo , Hernandez, JD Cynthia , Carroll, PhD, MPH Jennifer J.
Published: May 2021

In this editorial, we address the urgent need to rapidly expand hospital and ICU capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic and future infectious disease outbreaks. As a remedy to this problem currently plaguing many US municipalities, we discuss states' Emergency Takings Power, an alternative to eminent domain proceedings that allows the immediate commandeering of vacant hospitals without exorbitant costs or the need to litigate fair market price up front. We briefly describe the legal basis for emergency takings power and how states can empower local municipalities to act on that power during public health emergencies.
Academic staff perceptions of empowerment training programmes initiated by Durban University of Technology
Authors:   , Luyanda Loraine Bingwa
Published: May 2021

Higher education in South Africa underwent a significant change during the last decade. Lecturers may not be necessarily equipped to face all the changes that are a result of changes faced by higher education. Academic staff needs to be trained so as to strengthen their teaching competencies. Training serves as an opportunity to upgrade their qualifications. Without training, it would be challenging for academics to perform their core activities. The problem that arises is that the type of routine tasks typical of the functions of academic staff does not require only training in the form of coaching but also learning in the form of gaining knowledge and competence within the academic disciplinary context. However, hands-on training seems to be the crucial component that will ensure the correct application of routine procedures. The purpose of this study was to identify the academic staff perception of empowerment programmes initiated by the Durban University of Technology (DUT), and the challenges involved in successfully empowering staff. This study also identified problems encountered during academic staff development process and further investigated if the academic staff were provided with reasonable opportunity to participate. In this study, a quantitative approach was used, and data was collected from academic staff, comprising of professors, head of departments, senior lecturers, lecturers and junior lecturers of the Durban University of Technology. A sample size of 132 was drawn from the population. Questionnaires were designed with both closed and open-ended questions, and were personally administered by the researcher to all academic staff members in all faculties of the Durban University of Technology. Analysis of data revealed that the University provide academic staff with sufficient and relevant training however staff felt that they should be included in the planning of these programmes. Furthermore there was a need for follow-up to evaluate effectiveness of the training programmes and if they served the purpose for which they were intended to. This study, therefore, recommended that respective faculties should involve their staff members in planning, and that a follow-up be conducted after completion of training.
Heat recovery in a milk powder spray-drying process
Authors:   , Ndimande Asanda M.
Published: May 2021

Energy used for processing in food and beverages factories is one of the most single expensive aspects of the entire process. Organisations depend on using recovered energy where possible to curb the cost of generating new energy. Heat recovery, therefore, becomes the area of focus to ensure that the total cost of energy is reduced. Furthermore, expanding organisations are most likely to depend on recovered energy sources for process optimisation and expansion. It has been hypothesised that there is a significant premium for recovering high-temperature heat energy and exhausting it to the atmosphere at the lowest temperature possible. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the optimization of production of milk powder in a spray-drying process, with an argument that the heat energy in the exhaust air of the final stage of the drying process can be used to optimize the production capacity and energy demand of the process. The aim focuses specifically on ascertaining if the heat energy is recoverable, evaluating the amount of energy that is lost to the atmosphere, exploring the most economical way of using recovered energy, determining the expected optimization as a result of using recovered energy and evaluating the cost associated with recovering heat energy. A qualitative research approach was used to understand the underlying problems and challenges in exhaust heat recovery. Based on the aforementioned challenges, a quantitative method was used to ascertain possible solutions to exhaust heat recovery. The findings from the primary research concluded that there is a significant amount of energy lost to the atmosphere which is recoverable. The results revealed that approximately 5 300 MJ of energy exit to the atmosphere on an hourly basis during production. Both the primary and secondary research revealed that the major challenge facing heat recovery is matching the recovered heat source to the heat sink in the process. The study recommends that the most simple and economical way to use the recovered heat in spray-drying processes is to pre-heat the incoming fresh air. The study also recommends that the heat recovery systems should be well-designed and energy-saving-oriented to achieve the desired results. The capital cost of adopting an exhaust heat recovery system is high; however, the return on investment renders the investment lucrative.
Effective Organizational Functioning Capacity Needs of Rural Advisory Service Networks: A Delphi Study
Authors: Lamm Kevan , Lamm Alexa , Davis Kristin , Powell Alyssa , Bommidi Jyothi
Published: May 2021

This study expands on previous research within an international extension context with a particular focus on identifying the capacities associated with effective organizational functioning. A panel composed of 31 experts participated in a three-round Delphi process and identified a list of 38 specific capacities associated with effective organizational functioning related to extension networks. Among the 38 specific items, five primary themes emerged: (1) an extension network should be transparent about its policies, procedures, and organizational intent; (2) knowledge sharing and collaboration within an extension network is critical; (3) general policies and management guidelines should be in place; (4) the development and maintenance of intentional, long-term relationships with various actors in extension, including stakeholders, policy-decision makers, and the private sector is critical; (5) reasonable expectations and guidelines should be established for both extension network officers and network members. The study’s results provide a guide within which extension networks and organizations may evaluate current capacities from both a developmental and strengths perspective.
Voices of Women Empowered by the INGO Field of Hope in Northern Uganda:
A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Wilcox Alexa , Edwards M. Craig , Henneberry Shida , Ringer Joshua
Published: May 2021

Numerous studies support the role of improved agricultural practices in reducing poverty, and because much of the agricultural labor in lesser-developed countries (LDCs) is that of smallholder women farmers, many International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) are implementing programs for these women. The United Nations prioritized gender equality and women’s empowerment in the Sustainable Development Goals (2015-2030) and encouraged governments and other actors, such as INGOs, to do the same. However, little qualitative research has been done to study the effectiveness of INGOs regarding women’s empowerment through improvements in their agricultural practices. This study was conducted to develop a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of women in an INGO’s empowerment program. The study’s theoretical perspective conjoined critical and feminist theories. Twelve beneficiaries of the INGO Field of Hope’s projects in northern Uganda were interviewed. The responses were analyzed to develop four themes and 12 subthemes to understand their experiences and distill the phenomenon’s essence. We recommend that more research be done to assess which INGO practices encourage empowerment over dependency and whether such projects increase agricultural productivity.
A Phenomenological Study of Individual Strategies for Rebuilding Food Production Ability
in Resource-Poor Post-Conflict Farming Communities in Myanmar
Authors: Ringer Joshua , Sallee Jeff , Terry Robert , Brown Nicholas , Watters Craig , Blackwell Samantha
Published: May 2021

The impact of armed conflict on small-holder agricultural production recently became a closely studied topic (Verwimp, 2011). In post-conflict, or perpetual low intensity conflict, situations policy makers have identified agricultural rehabilitation of small-holder food production as vital for preventing economic collapse, encouraging internally displaced persons (IDPs) to return to their rural communities, and to reintegrate former insurgents into viable rural livelihoods (Christoplos, Longley, & Slaymaker, 2004). This issue has been studied at the regional and country level, but few studies have looked at this issue from resource poor small-holder farmers’ perspective (Shinn, 2010; Verwimp, Justino, & Bruck, 2007). This qualitative study documented the experience of resource-poor farmers who experienced armed conflict in northern Shan State, Myanmar. Thirty-four resource-poor farmers and six agricultural advisors were interviewed using semi-structured interview methods. The study was conducted over a three-month period in 2013. The study revealed eight themes, which described the reality of the post-conflict environment and small-holder strategies to cope and recover food production capacity. The themes were, armed conflict is always with the farmers; loss of animals and seed stock; loss of local markets; forest as refuge; fear of government and militias was mitigated by family networks; large agribusiness control land and employment; prolonged conflict causes movement to safe areas and neighboring countries; rebuilding food production. These findings reveal the need for policy makers and agricultural advisory services to modify their assistance strategies and services to better match upland resource-poor farmers realities and adaptation strategies
Real-time nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the study of biomolecular kinetics and dynamics
Authors: Pintér György , Hohmann Katharina F. , Grün J. Tassilo , Wirmer-Bartoschek Julia , Glaubitz Clemens , Fürtig Boris , Schwalbe Harald
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The review describes the application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study kinetics of folding, refolding and aggregation of proteins, RNA and
DNA. Time-resolved NMR experiments can be conducted in a reversible or an
irreversible manner. In particular, irreversible folding experiments pose large requirements for (i) signal-to-noise due to the time limitations
and (ii) synchronising of the refolding steps. Thus, this contribution discusses the application of methods for signal-to-noise increases, including dynamic nuclear polarisation, hyperpolarisation and photo-CIDNP for the
study of time-resolved NMR studies. Further, methods are reviewed ranging
from pressure and temperature jump, light induction to rapid mixing to induce rapidly non-equilibrium conditions required to initiate folding.
For Whom Does the Clock Tick?: Male Repro-Temporality in Fertility Campaigns, Scientific Literature, and Commercial Accounts
Authors: Kroløkke Charlotte
Published: May 2021

Sperm swimming in circles or a lone sperm cell with two heads: male reproductive aging is increasingly equated with poor sperm quality, the prevalence of offspring learning disabilities even schizophrenia. To discuss the construction of a male biological clock, this article asks: how does the biological clock intervene in men’s reproductive bodies. And secondly: how is male repro-temporality visually and rhetorically invoked in fertility campaigns, in medical scientific accounts and in the marketing material of one elective sperm-freezing company? Situated within an interdisciplinary theoretical framework, the article draws upon biomedicalization theory (e.g. Clarke et al. 2003), reproductive masculinity studies (e.g. Daniels 2006; Almeling and Waggoner 2013), and social scientific theorizing of time and temporality (e.g. Amir 2006; van de Wiel 2014a; 2014b) to discuss the emergence of male repro-temporality. This article contributes to the interdisciplinary scholarly agenda on time and temporality by theorizing the emergence of a male biological clock as a type of repro-temporality that, in its discursive and aesthetic framing, portrays male reproductive aging as involving loss and disability. The article concludes that while the biological clock derives its temporal force from the logic of decay, it simultaneously cements heteronormative ideals of the nuclear family, re-naturalizes the genetic unit, and situates men as proactive and modern in their anticipation of future infertility.
Book Review: Caring for the People of the Clouds: Aging and Dementia in Oaxaca
Authors: Engel Cíntia
Published: May 2021

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Book Review: Interrogating the Neoliberal Life Cycle: The Limits of Success
Authors: Gangopadhyay Jagriti
Published: May 2021

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Book Review: Aging Nationally in Contemporary Poland: Memory, Kinship and Personhood
Authors: Shay Kimberly
Published: May 2021

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Film Review: Mother
Authors: Wong Karen Lok Yi
Published: May 2021

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‘Isn’t Everyone a Little OCD?’ The Epistemic Harms of Wrongful Depathologization
Authors: Spencer Lucienne , Carel Havi
Published: May 2021

This article develops the concept of wrongful depathologization, in which a psychiatric disorder is simultaneously stigmatized (because of sanist attitudes towards mental illness) and trivialized (as it is not considered a “proper” illness). We use OCD as a case study to argue that cumulatively these two effects generate a profound epistemic injustice to OCD sufferers, and possibly to those with other mental disorders. We show that even seemingly positive stereotypes attached to mental disorders give rise to both testimonial injustice and wilful hermeneutical ignorance. We thus expose an insidious form of epistemic harm that has been overlooked in the literature.
Evaluation of morphology and viability of spheroid derived from Insulin-GLase cell line: A model system to understand Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: NINGSIH Sri Suciati , AVISSA Rizkyana , STUJANNA Endin Nokik , LISTYANINGSIH Erlin , YASHIRO Takashi , n SUKARYA Wawang Setiawan
Published: May 2021

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the major health issues in the world. The cellular mechanism of T2DM is still not fully understood. It could be studied by using spheroid three-dimensional (3D) culture which is considered representative of the in vivo conditions. Several types of pancreatic β cell lines have been used, one of which is the insulin-GLase (iGL) cell line. This study aims to evaluate the effect of cell density and incubation time on spheroid morphology and cell viability in order to understand which one can be considered as the best option in studying T2DM using iGL cell. Spheroid was made by using the Hanging drop method. The variations of initial seeding cells were 50, 100, 200, and 400 cells/µL then incubated for 1, 2, 3, and 4 days. The evaluated parameters in this study are spheroid morphology and cell viability. Spheroid morphology was observed by using inverted phase contrast microscope integrated with camera (Nikon) and NIS-Elements Analysis D software. Cell viability was determined by using LUNA-II™ Automated Cell Counter (Logos Biosystem). The result of this study showed that spheroid in all of the group cell concentration have formed since the first day and its diameter was significantly increased on the following days (p<0,05). The spheroid size was positively correlated with the cell density in group 50-200 cells/µL. A single and stable spheroid morphology was observed in 50-100 cells/µL group. Cell viability in 3D culture system was lower and significantly decreased since day 3 compared to 2D culture (p <0.05; 0.01). In conclusion, spheroid derived from iGL cell line with a stable morphology and good viability could be obtained from a cell concentration of 50-100 cells / µL with two days of incubation.
The investigation of the changes in the surface glycoconjugates using two different spheroid models of breast cancer cells and availability assessment of these spheroid models for rapid diagnosis
Authors: MATER Yosun , DEMİRCAN Günnur
Published: May 2021

The importance of early cancer diagnosis has led to development of many different diagnostic methods. In this context, the studies investigating the presence and amount of sugar residues to use as indicators in the identification of cancer cell type have become prominent. In the present study, sialic acids found on the membrane surfaces of ER (+) MCF-7 and ER (-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines were labeled using three-dimensional (3D) cell culture (Spheroid) model as the closest method to the patient sample, thus its natural environment, among the cell culture methods. These sugar units that play a role in regulation of important immune characteristics such as recognition, binding and metastasis were made visualizable by applying fluorescent-labeled lectins such as FITC-(Wheat Germ Agglutinin) specifically binding to sialic acid units (GlcNAc, Neu5Ac) including particularly ß-GlcNAc and FITC-(Maackia Amurensis-Lectin-1) specifically binding to Galß4GlcNAc type sialic acids. These glycan units were specifically labeled with FITC-(Maackia Amurensis-Lectin-1) and FITC- (Wheat Germ Agglutinin) and radiation intensities were analyzed relatively. The two different breast cancer cell cultures were compared with respect to change in the amounts of sialic acid residues containing α-2,3- and α-2,6 bonds using fluorescent-labeled lectins. In the present study, we have performed a precise, accurate and rapid determination of the sugar content in the different breast cancer cell surface lines by means of fluorescent-labeled lectins and carried out a relative comparison between the micrographs.
Nonsynonymous variations of ion channel-related genes as risk factors in epilepsy
Authors: BİTERGE SÜT Burcu , SOYTÜRK Hayriye
Published: May 2021

Recurrent seizures are characteristic to epilepsy, which often arise due to increased electrical activity. Ligand-gated ion channels are considered as key factors in epilepsy as they regulate and maintain neuronal membrane potential via regulating ion transportation. Therefore, this study aims to identify ion channel-related single nucleotide variations that are considered as risk factors in epilepsy and determine their potential effects on pathogenicity, protein stability and structure using in silico methods. For this purpose, ion channel-related mutations linked with epilepsy were retrieved from ClinVar. Pathogenicity scores and protein stability were predicted using FATHMM-XF and MUpro, respectively. Structural alterations were determined via HOPE server. We identified 17 epilepsy-related missense mutations, 11 of which were in ion channel-related genes. Nonsynonymous substitutions of p.E177A, p.D219N, p.A322D, p.R577Q, p.E282K, p.V831M and p.R1072C were determined as pathogenic, while all mutations resulted in varying degrees of decrease in overall protein stability. Furthermore, all variants were annotated with risk for disease and introduction of distinct side chains caused differences in size, charge and hydrophobicity, as well as contact with other proteins and ligands. In conclusion, mutations in ion channel-related genes were previously identified in several genetic association studies while their functional annotations were not addressed. The results of this study provide a functional explanation to the pathogenic effects of ion channel-related gene mutations that are considered as risk factors in epilepsy.
A study on influence of different phases of menstrual cycle on hematological parameters
Authors: HANCHINAL Vijayashri Basavaraj , SAMBRANI Ambhuja , BALJOSHI Vineet
Published: May 2021

Menstruation is the most common phenomenon observed in fertile women. Menstrual cycle (MC) is of 3 phases: proliferative phase, secretory phase and menstruation phase. It is controlled by endocrine system. Natural fluctuations in sex steroid hormones during MC causes changes in hematological parameters. The aim of the present study to assess the impact of different phases of MC on hematological parameters. The study was conducted in KIMS, Hubli, from 01st March 2011 to 31st March 2012. Women aged between 20-30 years with regular menstrual cycle of 27-30 days were included in the study. During each visit, the subjects’ blood was collected and analyzed using KX-21 SYSMEX for various hematological parameters. A total of 50 healthy young women were included in the study. On statistical comparing of hematological parameters, hematocrit, hemoglobin, neutrophil count and eosinophil count showed a significant difference while no statistically significant difference was observed in RBC, leucocyte count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and platelet count between different phases of MC. To conclude, the hematological parameters during the MC are highly dependent on the phasic changes in the immune response mechanism and sex steroid hormones.
Can histopathology of gastric tissue resected in sleeve gastrectomy be informative about serum iron levels?
Authors: ADALI Yasemen , ERTENER Özge , BEŞEREN Hatice , BİNNETOĞLU Kenan
Published: May 2021

One of the most common post-operative deficiencies after bariatric surgery is iron deficiency and one of the important determinants of post-operative iron deficiency is the preoperative condition. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between iron levels and histopathological findings observed in gastric tissue resected in sleeve gastrectomy. Preoperative and postoperative iron levels were compared with the presence of inflammation, atrophy, Helicobacter pylori, intestinal metaplasia, lymphoid follicles, and lymphoid aggregates observed in patients operated due to morbid obesity. The postoperative serum iron levels and preoperative values were compared and a statistically significant increase was found due to the use of iron-containing preparations after the operation. Among the parameters evaluated, inflammation, atrophy, Helicobacter pylori, intestinal metaplasia, and the presence of lymphoid follicles were not found to be associated with iron levels, but it was noted that the presence of lymphoid aggregate in all cases and male cases was correlated with preoperative low iron levels (p values 0.047 and 0.015 respectively). In this study, which investigated the role of histopathological findings in the prediction of iron deficiency in sleeve gastrectomies, the relationship between preoperative iron levels, which was reported to be predictive for post-operative iron deficiency, and the presence of lymphoid aggregates was revealed. It is thought that other histopathological findings such as the presence of lymphoid follicle and Helicobacter pylori are also important in terms of iron levels but could not be revealed due to the limitations of the study.
Mesenchymal stem cell applications in polycystic ovary syndrome treatment
Authors: BULBUL Mehmet Volkan , YILDIRIM Berna , KOLBASI Bircan , KESKIN İlknur
Published: May 2021

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are highly capable of self-renewal and differentiation. They can be isolated from a variety of sources such as adipose tissue, bone marrow, umbilical cord, tooth pulp and can be cultured under in vitro conditions. MSCs have anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, angiogenic, immunomodulatory and many more therapeutic effects due to the effects of paracrine factors they secrete. Today, mesenchymal stem cells are used for treatment in more than twenty diseases, from spinal cord injuries to diabetes. However, there is little mention in the literature of the use of these cells in female reproductive system diseases. In this review, a limited number of clinical and experimental studies on the use of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome, which is very common in women, were examined and analyzed.
Skin reaction related to povidone iodine use
Authors: KEKUL Özgenur , ÜSTÜN Burcu , KÖMÜRCÜ Özgür , BİLGİN Sezgin , KARAKAYA Deniz
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, 10% povidone-iodine is a topical antiseptic solution that is commonly used in surgical areas’ sterilization, wound cleaning and daily wound dressing. Severe complications may arise from povidone-iodine when it is not used carefully and in adequate proportion. Povidone-iodine-induced chemical skin reactions is one of the severe complications. Given the widespread use of povidone-iodine, clinicians need to be aware of this possible adverse drug reaction and of preventive cautions. This report presents two cases about povidone-iodine related skin reaction (these reactions are also called as chemical burns or chemical skin reactions) which are encountered in our hospital (Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey) to point this important issue.
基于期望确认模型和顾客价值理论的网络视频付费服务 重复购买意愿研究
Authors: 张 菊香
Published: May 2021

本文基于期望确认模型和顾客价值理论，研究网络视频付费服务的重复购买意愿的影响因素。通过问卷调查方式收集数据，并运用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据分析，验证了感知价格、感知风险、感知时间成本、服务价值、功能价值、情感价值和期望确认度对用户的重复购买意愿具有显著正向影响。基于验证结果，本文提出优化平台服务、提高内容质量、提升情感价值、增强用户安全感、提升用户期望值的建议，以期提升网络视频付费服务的用户满意度和重复购买意愿。
旅游目的地网络营销策略探讨以厦门为例
Authors: 邱 碧珍
Published: May 2021

互联网改变了游客获取信息和旅游消费的方式，也改变了旅游目的地的营销和推广方式。厦门旅游目的地在网络营销应根据自身的资源和特点，因地制宜推出创新性和个性化的旅游产品，借助网络举办各种活动和赛事，构建全方位的网络营销渠道和加强新媒体营销。