bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soluções para melhorar a gestão dos processos críticos de uma unidade de armazenagem de grãos
Authors: Pereira Junior Edson Hermenegildo , Christ Divair , Coelho Silvia Renata Machado , Borges Reginaldo , Dos Santos Cidmar Ortiz , Kunh Peterson Diego
Published: December 2023

A disponibilidade de alimentos à população está em crescimento, o que conduz a preocupação na gestão das perdas de produtos agrícolas na cadeia de suprimentos. Os sistemas de armazenagem de grãos necessitam de eficácia técnica e econômica para suprir a necessidade de guarda de produtos. A gestão por processos propõe, com o conhecimento e análise dos processos, aperfeiçoá-los e reduzir desperdícios. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar soluções para facilitar a gestão de uma unidade de secagem e armazenagem de grãos utilizando a gestão por processos. As suas conclusões foram a melhor visualização das atividades e percepção dos problemas que ocasionam desempenho inadequado do processo, a introdução da visão do cliente, a necessidade de aumentar a satisfação e fidelização do cliente à empresa, a identificação da necessidade de investimentos operacionais e capacitação dos funcionários. A contribuição desta pesquisa está relacionada ao entendimento da gestão por processos e o auxílio para a otimização do gerenciamento organizacional, permitindo perceber os pontos de melhoria e as carências que estão presentes no processo de armazenagem e secagem de grãos na unidade estudada, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de ferramentas de fácil aplicabilidade para os gestores. Novas percepções sobre a gestão por processos foram adquiridas e identificado que, se utilizadas em outras organizações, trarão resultados semelhantes e permitirão melhorias análogas. A aplicação das ferramentas para a gestão por processos apresenta uma sequência de ações que foram utilizadas pelos gestores da empresa, auxiliando a gestão do negócio no processo Armazenagem e Secagem de Grãos.
Histopathological Patterns of Testicular Biopsy in Male Infertile Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Veeramachaneni Leela Rani , Thirukovela Jagdish , Gosain Ratna , Kate Madhuri Shreesh , Gopikonda Shreya Sri
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The management of male infertility has undergone rapid changes with advancements in assisted reproductive techniques such as testicular sperm aspiration and microdissection, testicular sperm extraction (MicroTESE). However, testicular biopsy remains an important tool for diagnosing and managing male infertility, as well as assessing spermatogenesis levels. Aim: To examine the histological patterns of testicular biopsies in male patients with infertility. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, ESIC Super Specialty Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India from May 2012 to May 2023. A total of 141 Tru-Cut biopsies from patients with male infertility were included based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Histopathologists labeled and reported the slides, noting the pattern of histopathology and level of spermatogenesis according to Johnson’s criteria. The data was analysed for percentages and mean values. Results: The majority of patients 43 (30.5%) exhibited normal histopathology, followed by Sertoli cell-only syndrome in 37 (26.24%) patients, and complete spermatogenic arrest in 14 (9.93%) patients. The least common pattern observed was incomplete spermatogenic arrest. Testicular atrophy was observed in 13 (9.22%) patients. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of understanding the histological patterns observed in testicular biopsies, as it provides valuable insights to clinicians regarding the likelihood of obtaining spermatozoa for testicular sperm extraction in infertile males.
Субволновая оптика, или Как наблюдать то, что «запрещено» физическими законами, "Природа"
Authors: Трибельский М.И.
Published: December 2023

Можно ли управлять структурой электромагнитного поля на масштабах, много меньших длины волны падающего излучения Оказывается, решение такой задачи не противоречит фундаментальным принципам, ограничивающим масштаб фокусировки светового пятна половиной длины волны излучения. Покажем на конкретных примерах, какими методами это можно делать, и обсудим текущие приложения новых результатов и их возможные перспективы.
Phenolic and Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity, of Three Different Extracts of Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth and Zingiber officinales Roscoe
Authors: Choudhury Swati , Chakraborty Dipjyoti
Published: December 2023

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in the three medicinal plants Tecoma stans and Zingiber officinales.
Study Design: Plant extracts were prepared in three different solvents, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and the antioxidant activity was determined.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Banasthali during August-December 2022.
Methods: Aqueous, methanolic, and ethanolic solvent extracts were prepared; total phenolic and flavonoid contents was determined, the DPPH assay was used to measure the extracts' antioxidant activity.
Results: The methanolic extract contained the highest total phenolic (16.67±0.04, 11.56±0.09 mg GAE/g dw) and flavonoid content (14.21±0.10, 7.96±0.06 mg QUE/g,) as well as displayed the highest antioxidant activity (68.91%, 53.09% at 300 µg/ml) in Z.officinales and T. stans extracts respectively.
Conclusion: Tecoma stans and Zingiber officinales can be used as possible antioxidant agents as well as resource for the production of novel drugs.
Ameliorative Effect of Different Amendments on Nutrients Availability in Sodic Soils
Authors: Chaudhary Radha , Patel K. C. , Pandey Astha , Meena Premlata
Published: December 2023

A pot house experiment was conducted at the Net House, Regional Research Station, AAU, Anand during rabi season of 2018-19 on Wheat (GW-496) as a indicator crop. Total four amendments i.e. A0(control), A1(Gypsum @ 50% GR), A2(Vermi-compost @ 4.0 t ha-1) and A3 (sulphur @ 50 kg ha-1) and six soils type (S1 to S6) were selected under Factorial CRD. Pot study results indicated that the soil amendments significantly decreased the pH, EC and ESP of sodic soils. The order of decrease in pH of sodic soils from 8.75 to 7.89 by application of amendments remained as: vermin-compost > sulphur > gypsum. The EC of sodic soils significantly decreased due to application of vermin-compost and gypsum by 20.48% and 10.84%, respectively over control. The application of vermin-compost, gypsum and sulphur significantly lowered down Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP) from 18.45 to 12.44, 13.00 and 13.57, respectively, and the effect of gypsum was found at par with sulphur in decreasing soil ESP. Application of vermin-compost (4.0 t ha-1) significantly influenced CEC (28.28 Cmol (P+) kg-1) over control (no amendment). Irrespective of amendments, soil S5 recorded the highest pH (8.39), EC (0.92 dSm-1), ESP (16.48) and the lowest was in soil S6 (pH 7.99, EC 0.64 dSm-1). The interaction of soil x amendment treatments showed significant effects on pH, EC and ESP of sodic soils. The application of amendments showed significant effect on available nutrients in soil after harvest of wheat and the highest OC (0.73%), available P2O5 (65.71 kg ha-1), available K2O (207.1 kg ha-1) content in soil was recorded when vermin-compost applied at 4.0 t ha-1 followed by sulphur at 50 kg ha-1 and gypsum at 50% GR but available S (16.33 mg kg-1) was recorded the highest due to sulphur application at 50 kg ha-1 followed by gypsum and vermi-compost.
Procurement with ERP
Authors: N. Baggyalakshmi , M. Kavidharshini , R. Revathi
Published: December 2023

There are many advantages for the company when an ERP system is implemented in the procurement process. A brief summary of the main benefits and features of adopting ERP procurement is provided by procurement. In today's competitive corporate environment, efficient procurement is essential. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) solutions provide a way to optimize resource use, increase visibility, and streamline the procurement process. It examines the various ERP system components that have a direct impact on the procurement. These components, including Inventory Control, Financial Integration, Supplier Relationship Management, and Purchase Order Management, collaborate to automate and improve the procurement process. The important considerations for implementing ERP in procurement the crucial factors to consider while deploying ERP in procurement. It highlights the importance of selecting the best ERP vendor, designing the system in accordance with organizational goals, and effectively educating people. Data migration, change management, and continuing system maintenance are mentioned as important components of a successful ERP adoption. It cites technological developments like blockchain, machine learning, and artificial intelligence that could further change the procurement process. Describe ERP and the role it plays in the procurement process. It draws attention to typical problems faced by procurement departments, including disconnected systems and manual processes. The overview highlights the demand for an integrated ERP strategy to deal with these issues. It examines the various ERP system that have a direct impact on procurement. These modules, including Inventory, Supplier Relationship Management, and Purchase Order Management.
Evaluation of Antenna Pattern Measurement of HF Radar using Drone
Authors: Jung Dawoon , Kim Jae Yeob , Song Kyu-Min
Published: December 2023

The High-Frequency Radar (HFR) is an equipment designed to measure real-time surface ocean currents in broad maritime areas.It emits radio waves at a specific frequency (HF) towards the sea surface and analyzes the backscattered waves to measure surface current vectors (Crombie, 1955; Barrick, 1972).The Seasonde HF Radar from Codar, utilized in this study, determines the speed and location of radial currents by analyzing the Bragg peak intensity of transmitted and received waves from an omnidirectional antenna and employing the Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm. The generated currents are initially considered ideal patterns without taking into account the characteristics of the observed electromagnetic wave propagation environment. To correct this, Antenna Pattern Measurement (APM) is performed, measuring the strength of signals at various positions received by the antenna and calculating the corrected measured vector to radial currents.The APM principle involves modifying the position and phase information of the currents based on the measured signal strength at each location. Typically, experiments are conducted by installing an antenna on a ship (Kim et al., 2022). However, using a ship introduces various environmental constraints, such as weather conditions and maritime situations. To reduce dependence on maritime conditions and enhance economic efficiency, this study explores the possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) for APM. The research conducted APM experiments using a high-frequency radar installed at Dangsa Lighthouse in Dangsa-ri, Wando County, Jeollanam-do. The study compared and analyzed the results of APM experiments using ships and drones, utilizing the calculated radial currents and surface current fields obtained from each experiment.
Estimation of Representative Wave Period and Optimal Probability Density Function Using Wave Observed Data around Korean Western Coast
Authors: Lee Uk-Jae , Cho Hong-Yeon , Park Jin Ho , Ko Dong-Hui
Published: December 2023

In this study, the peak wave period Tp and mean wave period T02 and Tm-1, 0, which are major parameters for classifying ocean characteristics, were calculated using water surface elevation data observed from the second west coast oceanographic and meteorological observation tower. In addition, the ratio of abnormal data, correlation analysis, and optimal probability density function were estimated. In the case of Tp among the calculated representative periods, the proportion of abnormal data was 5.73% and 0.67% at each point, and T02 was 4.35% and 0.01%. Tm-1, 0 was found to be 2.82% and 0.03%. Meanwhile, as a result of analyzing the relationship between T02 and Tp, the relationship was calculated to be 0.53 and 0.63 for each point. The relationship between Tm-1, 0 and Tp was 1.15 and 1.32, respectively, and T02, Tm-1, 0 was 1.18 and 1.22. As a result of estimating the optimal probability density function of the calculated representative period, Tp followed the ‘Log-normal’ and ‘Normal’ distributions at each point, and T02 was ‘Gamma’, ‘Normal’ distribution and Tm-1, 0 showed that ‘Log-normal’ and ‘Normal’ distribution were dominant, respectively. It is decided that these results can be used as basic data for wave analysis conducted on the west coast.
Bimetallic UiO‐66(Zr/Ti)‐Ionic Liquid Grafted Fillers with Intensified Lewis Acidity for High‐Performance Composite Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Ho Jeong‐Won , Choi Jongin , Kim Dong Geon , Ha Chaeyeon , Koo Jin Kyo , Nam Myeong Gyun , Kim Jihoon , Lee Jun Hyuk , Kim Minjun , Moon Myoung‐Woon , Park Moon Jeong , Kim Young‐Jun , Myung Chang Woo , Lee Minjae , Yoo Pil J.
Published: December 2023

Enhancing the incorporation of highly accessible Lewis acid sites on fillers is crucial for achieving exceptional electrochemical performances in composite solid electrolytes (CSEs). Typically, they can provide a vital role in improving CSEs performance by interacting with lithium salt anions and the polymer matrix through Lewis acid–base interactions. To address this technological need, in this work, a novel filler of bimetallic UiO‐66(Zr/Ti)‐ionic liquid grafted composite (BUIL) is developed to enhance its inherent electrochemical properties. The bimetallic structure, which introduces structural defects, along with the grafted ionic liquid, abundantly creates accessible Lewis acid sites. This modification of the intrinsic Lewis acidity results in a remarkable enhancement of CSEs performances. The incorporation of BUIL in CSEs leads to a significant increase in ionic conductivity (0.458 mS cm−1) and lithium‐ion transference number (0.668) at 30 °C. Furthermore, LiFePO4/CSEs/Li cells demonstrate a high specific capacity of 148.5 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 C, which is stably maintained over 880 cycles. Overall, the innovative synthetic approach in producing multifunctional fillers for CSEs shows strong potential for enhancing the performance of advanced lithium metal batteries.
Temperature‐Dependent Interplay between Structural and Charge Carrier Dynamics in CsMAFA‐Based Perovskites
Authors: Zhao Jiashang , Liu Xiaohui , Wu Zijin , Ibrahim Bahiya , Thieme Jos , Brocks Geert , Tao Shuxia , Bannenberg Lars J. , Savenije Tom J.
Published: December 2023

State‐of‐the‐art triple cation, mixed halide perovskites are extensively studied in perovskite solar cells, showing very promising performance and stability. However, an in‐depth fundamental understanding of how the phase behavior in Cs0.05FA0.85MA0.10Pb(I0.97Br0.03)3 (CsMAFA) affects the optoelectronic properties is still lacking. The refined unit cell parameters a and c in combination with the thermal expansion coefficients derived from X‐ray diffraction patterns reveal that CsMAFA undergoes an α–β phase transition at ≈280 K and another transition to the γ‐phase at ≈180 K. From the analyses of the electrodeless microwave photoconductivity measurements it is shown that shallow traps only in the γ‐phase negatively affect the charge carrier dynamics. Most importantly, CsMAFA exhibits the lowest amount of microstrain in the β‐phase at around 240 K, corresponding to the lowest amount of trap density, which translates into the longest charge carrier diffusion length for electrons and holes. Below 200 K a considerable increase in deep trap states is found most likely related to the temperature‐induced compressive microstrain leading to a huge imbalance in charge carrier diffusion lengths between electrons and holes. This work provides valuable insight into how temperature‐dependent changes in structure affect the charge carrier dynamics in FA‐rich perovskites.
Stabilization of Oxygen‐Dependent Fe3+/4+ Redox in Li‐Excess DRX Cathode Exhibiting Anionic Redox via Transition Metal Combination
Authors: Lee Hayeon , Kim Minji , Park Hyunyoung , Yoo Yiseul , Na Sangmun , Lim Hee‐Dae , Kim Jongsoon , Yoon Won‐Sub
Published: December 2023

Developing sustainable Li‐ion batteries requires high‐energy cathodes based on low‐cost, earth‐abundant elements, moving away from low‐reserve nickel and cobalt. Fe‐based oxide cathodes with Fe3+/4+ and O2−/n− redox couples offer potential but face low initial Coulombic efficiency and significant voltage hysteresis. This study investigates Li‐excess Fe‐based disordered rock‐salt (DRX) oxyfluorides (Li2Fe0.5M0.5O2F; M = Fe, Ti, Mn) using combined electrochemical/spectroscopic characterization and first‐principles calculation. Oxygen‐dependent Fe3+/4+ redox, related to Fe 3d–O 2p hybrid state, can be stabilized when combined with Mn3+/4+ redox in DRX structure owing to the unusual decrease in its redox potential. The moderately high charge transfer gap stabilizes Fe4+ against ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) on charge, reduces the amount of oxygen oxidation, thereby increasing Coulombic efficiency. On discharge, it allows metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) without substantial overpotential, reducing hysteresis in oxygen redox. The resulting composition exhibits high capacity (309 mAh g−1) and energy density (998 Wh kg−1), providing insights for next‐generation Ni‐ and Co‐free cathode materials.
Double Bionic Deformable DNA Hydrogel Microneedles Loaded with Extracellular Vesicles to Guide Tissue Regeneration of Diabetes Ulcer Wound
Authors: Zhou Liping , Zeng Zehua , Liu Jingchong , Zhang Fengshi , Bian Xiaochun , Luo Zhiwei , Du Hongwu , Zhang Peixun , Wen Yongqiang
Published: December 2023

Due to the high blood glucose and low oxygen environment in diabetes wounds, complex pathological problems arise, such as failure to upregulate healing factors, biological barriers generation, microvascular lesions, and skin neuropathy. Inspired by nature and traditional Chinese paper‐cutting technology, polypeptide deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hydrogel microneedles (MNs) (P‐DNA gel MNs) are prepared. The obtained P‐DNA gel MNs possess optimized structure and large deformability, providing excellent clamping, stability, skin penetration, large deformation, tissue adhesion, and antibacterial properties. By incorporating extracellular vesicles (EVs) extracted under hypoxia (H‐EVs‐hypoxia), P‐DNA gel MNs can regulate tissue microenvironment, scavenge free radicals, and reduce inflammation. Notably, P‐DNA gel MNs integration system activates immune regulation and beneficial pathways, promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis, reducing pathological pain, and achieving high‐quality healing. Overall, P‐DNA gel MNs system presents a fundamental mechanism for clinical transformation in treating diabetes wounds.
All‐Direct Laser Patterning Zinc‐Based Microbatteries
Authors: Li Xiangyang , Jin Xuting , Wang Ying , Zhang Xinqun , Li Dan , Wang Jiaqi , Yuan Man , Liu Jiajia , Zhao Yang
Published: December 2023

Miniature batteries with programmable shape and scalable functions can provide new opportunities in the design of highly compatible integrated circuits and flexible microelectronics. However, achieving these energy supply devices requires the precise formation of highly active electrode materials in a high‐resolution patterned area using appropriate construction protocols. Here, shape‐customizable zinc‐based microbatteries (MBs) using an all‐direct laser patterning (DLP) technique is demonstrated. Unlike conventional processing approaches, the DLP with high spatial‐resolution can not only enable template‐free and efficient arbitrary customizable fabrication of geometry patterns, such as circular, papercut, tropical fish, house shapes, among others, but also spontaneously create oxygen vacancies within micro‐electrode materials that are beneficial to increasing electrochemical active sites. The resultant Zn//MnO2 MBs deliver a high areal capacity of 0.57 mAh cm−2 and an energy density of 0.75 mWh cm−2, surpassing most available aqueous Zn‐based MBs and Li/Na‐based MBs. This strategy can also be extended to other battery systems, such as Zn//Co and Zn//Ag MBs. More importantly, these micro‐batteries are easily integrated into on‐chip electronic systems as built‐in power supply to be highly compatible with multiple sensing functionalities, which showcase accurately monitoring wrist bending, pulse beating, temperature, and moisture signals in humans.
K2S2O8‐Mediated Access to Alkylsulfonated Spiro[4,5] Trienones from N‐Arylpropiolamides with the Insertion of Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Liu Xin‐Qian , Huang Peng‐Fei , Xiong Bi‐Quan , Tang Ke‐Wen , Liu Yu
Published: December 2023

A four‐component reaction of N‐arylpropiolamides, Hantzsch esters, Na2S2O5 and water via a radical cascade cyclization process with the insertion of sulfur dioxide mediated by K2S2O8 is reported. A series of alkylsulfonated spiro[4,5] trienones are prepared up to 86% yield with a good functional group tolerance and substrate applicability. Preliminary mechanism experiments indicate that carbonyl oxygen of spiro[4,5] trienones originated from water.
Atroposelective Synthesis of 2‐(Quinolin‐8‐yl)benzyl Alcohols by Biocatalytic Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions
Authors: Coto‐Cid Juan M. , de Gonzalo Gonzalo , Carmona José A. , Iglesias‐Sigüenza Javier , Rodríguez‐Salamanca Patricia , Fernández Rosario , Hornillos Valentín , Lassaletta José M.
Published: December 2023

A highly enantioselective biocatalytic dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of 2‐(quinoline‐8‐yl) 3‐methylbenzaldehydes and 1‐naphthaldehydes is described. The reaction proceeds by atroposelective carbonyl reduction catalyzed by commercial ketoreductases (KREDs), generally reaching high conversions and excellent enantiomeric excesses. Both atropoisomers of the final alcohols can be obtained by a proper selection of the biocatalyst. The DKR strategy relies in the racemization of the stereogenic axis that takes place thanks to a transient Lewis acid‐base interaction (LABI) between the nitrogen in the quinoline and the carbonyl group.
Cyclic Voltammetry to Study Dynamics of Ion Insertion in Porous Materials
Authors: Costentin Cyrille
Published: December 2023

Electrochemical charge storage in porous materials is associated with ion adsorption at the meso/nanopores surface (physical insertion) and/or insertion in the bulk material (chemical insertion). The first process is capacitive whereas the second is Faradaic. A model is brought about for describing the cyclic voltammetry responses of these systems and their dependence upon the various intrinsic and operational governing parameters. These responses may be considered as illustrating the behaviors expected in working conditions in terms of diagnosis of the main phenomena at work and of their mutual interactions, namely, dynamics of double‐layer charging, transport in solution, transport in the pores, interfacial transfer kinetics, and transport in the material bulk. Several limiting cases are examined in details and discussed, focusing on the effect of scan rate as a widely used diagnostic tool.
TREX‐1 related Aicardi‐Goutières syndrome improved by Janus kinase inhibitor
Authors: Ryckmans Claire , Donge Mylène , Marchèse Antonia , Mastouri Meriem , Thomee Caroline , Stouffs Katrien , Lieser Sandra‐Lucile , Scalais Emmanuel
Published: December 2023

Aicardi‐Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a genetic interferonopathy classically characterized by early onset of severe neurologic injury with basal ganglia calcifications, white matter abnormalities, and progressive cerebral atrophy, along with lymphocytosis and raised interferon alpha (INFα) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Here, we report a 31/2 year‐old patient born with prenatal onset AGS, first manifesting as intra‐uterine growth retardation. Cranial ultrasonography and cerebral MRI revealed ventriculomegaly and periventricular and basal ganglia calcifications, along with cerebral atrophy. Perinatal infections and known metabolic disorders were excluded. Both CSF lymphocytosis and raised INFα were present. Molecular analysis disclosed two already described compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in TREX1 (c. 309dup, p.(Thr104Hisfs*53) and c. 506G > A, p.(Arg169His)). The evolution was marked by severe global developmental delay with progressive microcephaly. Promptly, the patient developed irritability, quadri‐paretic dyskinetic movements, and subsequently tonic seizures. Sensorineural hearing loss was detected as well as glaucoma. Initially, he was symptomatically treated with trihexyphenidyl followed by levetiracetam and topiramate. At age 22 months, baricitinib (0.4 mg/kg/day) was introduced, leading to normal serum INFα levels. Clinically, dyskinetic movements significantly decreased as well as irritability and sleep disturbance. We confirmed that baricitinib was a useful treatment with no major side effect.
Pyrroloindoles as Therapeutically Invaluable Agents: A Review on their Diverse Synthetic Methodologies
Authors: Ramesh Sanjay S. , Gattu Rohith , Ramesh Suhas
Published: December 2023

In the realm of medicinal chemistry, heterocyclic compounds play a vital role due to their diverse pharmacological properties, especially, pyrroloindoles standing out as crucial motifs in drug development. Pyrroloindoles, which are formed by combining indole and pyrrole rings, exhibit unique characteristics and serve as integral components in numerous drugs and natural compounds. The synthesis of pyrroloindoles is challenging due to their complex ring structures and diverse substitution patterns. This comprehensive review compiles various synthetic strategies for obtaining pyrroloindole derivatives via metal‐catalyzed reactions; cyclopropanation/ ring opening/ iminium cyclization (CRI reaction); organocatalytic cascade addition‐cyclization; 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition; Brønsted acid‐catalyzed [3+2] cyclodimerization; ring closure mechanisms; thermally‐induced ring‐opening and cyclization reactions; condensation reactions; and visible‐light photocatalytic asymmetric reactions providing a valuable resource for synthetic organic chemists and researchers interested in the synthesis of pyrroloindoles and their derivatives. These compounds play a pivotal role in drug discovery thus, making this review an indispensable reference.
Plant‐Derived Zein as an Alternative to Animal‐Derived Gelatin for Use as a Tissue Engineering Scaffold
Authors: Limaye Apurva , Perumal Venkatesan , Karner Courtney M. , Livingston Arinzeh Treena
Published: December 2023

Natural biomaterials are commonly used as tissue engineering scaffolds due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Plant‐derived materials have also gained significant interest due to their abundance and as a sustainable resource. This study evaluates the corn‐derived protein zein as a plant‐derived substitute for animal‐derived gelatin, which is widely used for its favorable cell adhesion properties. Limited studies exist evaluating pure zein for tissue engineering. Herein, fibrous zein scaffolds are evaluated in vitro for cell adhesion, growth, and infiltration into the scaffold in comparison to gelatin scaffolds and are further studied in a subcutaneous model in vivo. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on zein scaffolds express focal adhesion kinase and integrins such as α
v
β
3, α
4, and β
1 similar to gelatin scaffolds. MSCs also infiltrate zein scaffolds with a greater penetration depth than cells on gelatin scaffolds. Cells loaded onto zein scaffolds in vivo show higher cell proliferation and CD31 expression, as an indicator of blood vessel formation. Findings also demonstrate the capability of zein scaffolds to maintain the multipotent capability of MSCs. Overall, findings demonstrate plant‐derived zein may be a suitable alternative to the animal‐derived gelatin and demonstrates zein's potential as a scaffold for tissue engineering.
Cavity‐Assisted Atomic External Momenta State Teleportation
Authors: Ali Liaqat , Ahmad Murad , Rameez‐ul‐Islam  , Imran Muhammad , Ikram Manzoor , Ahmad Iftikhar
Published: December 2023

The quantized momentum eigenstates of neutral atoms offer high resistance to decoherence and thus suggests a viable alternative for quantum informatics tasks including teleportation. In this work, a scheme is suggested to teleport an unknown superposition of two distinct external momentum states of a neutral atom onto the similar momentum states of a distant atom at the receiving end through the off‐resonant atomic Bragg diffraction (ABD). In order to teleport this unknown state from the sender, that is, Alice, to the receiver, that is, Bob, a pre‐existing entangled link formed through a high‐Q cavity at Alice's end and momentum states of a neutral atom at the Bob's end are utilized. Further, while citing the realistic experimental parameters, it is demonstrated that the proposal can easily be implemented experimentally under the prevailing cavity‐QED atom‐field research scenario. The proposal is also generalized to cover the teleportation of the multipartite entangled momenta states and the case of multipartite GHZ entangled states is elucidated in details. However, the procedure is generic and can be extended to cover the teleportation schematics for any arbitrary atomic momenta states.
An Intelligent DNA Nanoreactor for Easy‐to‐Read In Vivo Tumor Imaging and Precise Therapy
Authors: Mao Dongsheng , Dong Ziliang , Liu Xueliang , Li Wenxing , Li Hongyi , Gu Chao , Chen Ganghui , Zhu Xiaoli , Yang Yu
Published: December 2023

Nanomaterial‐based in vivo tumor imaging and therapy have attracted extensive attention; however, they suffer from the unintelligent “always ON” or single‐parameter responsive signal output, substantial off‐target effects, and high cost. Therefore, achieving in vivo easy‐to‐read tumor imaging and precise therapy in a multi‐parameter responsive and intelligent manner remains challenging. Herein, an intelligent DNA nanoreactor (iDNR) was constructed following the “AND” Boolean logic algorithm to address these issues. iDNR‐mediated in situ deposition of photothermal substance polydopamine (PDA) can only be satisfied in tumor tissues with abundant membrane protein biomarkers “AND” hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Therefore, intelligent temperature‐based in vivo easy‐to‐read tumor imaging is realized without expensive instrumentation, and its diagnostic performance matches with that of flow cytometry, and photoacoustic imaging. Moreover, precise photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors could be achieved via intelligent heating of tumor tissues. The precise PTT of primary tumors in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy suppresses the growth of distant tumors and inhibits tumor recurrence. Therefore, highly programmable iDNR is a powerful tool for intelligent biomedical applications.
Bridging Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis: Phosphine‐Functionalized Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Chen Wenmiao , Cai Peiyu , Zhou Hong‐Cai , Madrahimov Sherzod T.
Published: December 2023

Phosphine‐functionalized metal‐organic frameworks (P‐MOFs) as an emerging class of coordination polymers, have provided novel opportunities for the development of heterogeneous catalysts. Yet, compared with the ubiquitous phosphine systems in homogeneous catalysis, heterogenization of phosphines in MOFs is still at its early stage. In this Minireview, we summarize the synthetic strategies, characterization and catalytic reactions based on the P‐MOFs reported in literature. In particular, various catalytic reactions are discussed in detail in terms of phosphine ligand structure‐function relationship, including the potential obstacles for future development. Finally, we discuss the possible solutions, including new types of reactions and techniques as the perspectives for the development of P‐MOF catalysts, highlighting the opportunities and challenges.
Craig‐Hückel Hybrid Aromatic Metalla‐dehydro[11]annulenes Constructed by a Formal [10+1] Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Ruan Kaidong , Lu Zhengyu , Rao Ren , Liu Jiao‐Jiao , Chen Dafa , Xia Haiping
Published: December 2023

Aromatic metalla‐annulenes are important aromatic compounds, research into which has been mainly concentrated on metal‐benzenes and their lower homologues. Reports on their superior homologs are rare, and this has greatly limited the systematic study of their properties. In this work, a series of osma‐dehydro[11]annulenes with good air and thermal stability were prepared in high yields through a simple [10+1] strategy, by incorporating a metal fragment into conjugated ten‐carbon chains in a one‐pot reaction. They are the first monometallic aromatic metalla‐[n]annulenes with the ring size larger than 6, and their Craig‐Hückel hybrid aromaticity is supported by various physical and computational parameters. Besides, these complexes show versatile reactivities, not only giving further evidence for their aromaticity, but also demonstrating their physical and chemical properties can easily be regulated. This work enriches the metalla‐aromatic chemistry, and provides a new avenue for the synthesis of large metalla‐annulenes with different ring sizes.
Ground‐State Orbital Descriptors for Accelerated Development of Organic Room‐Temperature Phosphorescent Materials
Authors: Mao Yufeng , Yao Xiaokang , Yu Ze , An Zhongfu , Ma Huili
Published: December 2023

Organic materials with room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are in high demand for optoelectronics and bioelectronics. Developing RTP materials highly relies on expert experience and costly excited‐state calculations. It is a challenge to find a tool for effectively screening RTP materials. Herein we first establish ground‐state orbital descriptors (πFMOs) derived from the π‐electron component of the frontier molecular orbitals to characterize the RTP lifetime (τp), achieving a balance in screening efficiency and accuracy. Using the πFMOs, a data‐driven machine learning model gains a high accuracy in classifying long τp, filtering out 836 candidates with long‐lived RTP from a virtual library of 19,295 molecules. With the aid of the excited‐state calculations, 287 compounds are predicted with high RTP efficiency. Impressively, experiments further confirm the reliability of this workflow, opening a novel avenue for designing high‐performance RTP materials for potential applications.
Water as a key ingredient in the synthesis of platinum H‐phosphonate complexes and catalytic cascade reactions involving the hydration of alkynes and hydrogen/deuterium exchange reaction
Authors: Skarżyńska Anna , Pyra Anna , Kowalczyk Marta
Published: December 2023

Several platinum (II) complexes bearing heteroatom‐substituted phosphine oxides ligand H(O)P(OCMe2CMe2O) were obtained. The H‐phosphonate was synthesized in an alternative, one‐pot procedure with the use of water from hexamethylphosphorus triamide and pinacol. In the presence of H(O)P (OCMe2CMe2O) ligand, [PtCl2(cod)] was converted into three new complexes: [PtCl2{P(OH)(OCMe2CMe2O)}2] [Pt1], [PtCl{P(O)(OCMe2CMe2O)}{P(OH)(OCMe2CMe2O)}2] [Pt2], and [Pt{P(OH)(OCMe2CMe2O)}4]Cl2 [Pt3]. When [PtCl2(PPh3)2] was utilized as the substrate, [PtCl(PPh3)2{P(OH)(OCMe2CMe2O)}]Cl [Pt4] and [PtCl(PPh3)2{P(O)(OCMe2CMe2O)}] [Pt5] complexes were obtained, as the results of reaction with H(O)P(OCMe2CMe2O) and HP(OCMe2CMe2O)(OCH2CMe2NH) ligands. The structural features of all complexes were characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods as well as single X‐ray diffraction studies. Complex [Pt1] was found to promote cascade reaction, the addition of water to triple bond, and hydrogen/deuterium exchange reaction. The hydration reaction of substituted terminal aryl alkynes gave exclusively Markovnikov products and tolerated different functional groups. Various aryl ketones were synthesized in good to excellent yield. H/D exchange reaction was exemplified by the model reaction of acetophenone in deuterium containing methanol. Factors influencing the effectiveness of the hydrogen/deuterium exchange reaction of the methyl group were determined. The cascade procedure bears the potential to overcome the limitations of conventional synthesis and unlocks practical use in the synthesis of deuterium‐labeled pharmaceuticals.
Synthesis of bio‐based reactive N/P flame retardant and its curing and flame retarding behavior in epoxy resins
Authors: Tao Peihua , Chen Lumin , Zeng Shaohua , Xu Ying , Nie Wangyan , Zhou Yifeng , Chen Pengpeng
Published: December 2023

In this study, a pioneering bio‐based nitrogen–phosphorus flame retardant and curing accelerator named oxime‐phosphazene hexakis [(4‐(hydroxyimino) 2‐methoxy) phenoxy] cyclotriphosphazene (HAPV) was successfully synthesized using hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and vanillin. When 5 wt % HAPV was added into epoxy, the limiting oxygen index increased from 22% to 27% and passed UL‐94 V‐0 (UL is defined as Underwriters Laboratories) rating. Meanwhile, with the addition 5 wt% HAPV, the apparent activation energy (Ea) of HAPV/EP decreased from 20.22 to 67.15 kJ/mol, and the pHRR value was suppressed from 581.21 to 330.18 kW/m2. It was due to that the HAPV quenched the combustion chain reaction through the gas phase and condensed phase, forming a dense char layer for blocking the heat transfer. Overall, the study provides an environmentally friendly epoxy flame retardant curing accelerator that shows great potential in epoxy flame retardant applications.
Effect of mechanical recycling on crystallization, mechanical, and rheological properties of recycled high‐density polyethylene and reinforcement based on virgin high‐density polyethylene
Authors: Zeng Shao‐Fu , Zhang Hao‐Ran , Li Ze‐Kun , Hu Chang‐Ying , Wang Zhi‐Wei
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the effects of mechanical recycling on the crystallization, mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of recycled high‐density polyethylene (rHDPE), as well as vHDPE/rHDPE pellets and films made by different compositions. The results confirmed the presence of contaminants in rHDPEs, and the crystalline diameter of rHDPE is smaller than that of virgin high‐density polyethylene (vHDPE), with diameters ranging from 0.60 to 0.72 μm. The content of 75 wt% vHDPE in rHDPE film could repair the defects of crystalline morphology to approximate that of vHDPE films and significantly improve the elongation at break. The temperature required for the transition from crystalline to amorphous state of rHDPE film was 2°C lower than that of vHDPE, and the crystallization time and crystallinity declined compared to that of vHDPE. For rheological performance, the apparent shear viscosity and melt fluidity of rHDPE were worse than those of vHDPE. The blending of low rHDPE with vHDPE is a feasible option not only to reduce plastic waste but also to maintain acceptable properties of the blend composition.
Interactions between neural cells and blood vessels in central nervous system development
Authors: Morimoto Keiko , Tabata Hidenori , Takahashi Rikuo , Nakajima Kazunori
Published: December 2023

The sophisticated function of the central nervous system (CNS) is largely supported by proper interactions between neural cells and blood vessels. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that neurons and glial cells support the formation of blood vessels, which in turn, act as migratory scaffolds for these cell types. Neural progenitors are also involved in the regulation of blood vessel formation. This mutual interaction between neural cells and blood vessels is elegantly controlled by several chemokines, growth factors, extracellular matrix, and adhesion molecules such as integrins. Recent research has revealed that newly migrating cell types along blood vessels repel other preexisting migrating cell types, causing them to detach from the blood vessels. In this review, we discuss vascular formation and cell migration, particularly during development. Moreover, we discuss how the crosstalk between blood vessels and neurons and glial cells could be related to neurodevelopmental disorders.
PON1 has palmitoyl‐protein thioesterase (PPT) activity, and can affect the presence of SR‐B1 on the endothelial cell membrane
Authors: Ashkar Rasha , Khattib Ali , Musa Sanaa , Goldberg Doron , Khatib Soliman
Published: December 2023

The high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐associated enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is expressed almost exclusively in the liver and is then transported by HDL to the peripheral tissues. The lipophilic nature of PON1 enables its easy exchange between the lipoprotein and cell membranes in a process that is dependent on the HDL receptor scavenger receptor class B, type 1 (SR‐B1). In endothelial cells, PON1 binding to the cell membrane leads to its internalization by endocytosis and subsequent lysosomal degradation. PON1 is a “promiscuous” enzyme with unusually broad substrate specificity in vitro, but its actual function and substrate are still unknown. The enzyme requires a lipid environment and becomes completely inactive upon delipidation. However, when PON1 binds HDL, its active site faces the lipoprotein's core and is inaccessible to external substrates. Hence, the HDL‐bound PON1 is inactive toward substrates outside the particle's lipid core and is rapidly degraded and becomes inactive upon internalization. Consequently, the enzyme is only active in the cell membrane during its transit from HDL to the cytoplasm. To assign a function to PON1, we investigated whether it is a palmitoyl‐protein thioesterase (PPT) that can hydrolyze the palmitoyl moieties of membrane proteins involved in HDL and cholesterol transport, such as SR‐B1, ABCA1, or their neighboring caveola proteins to facilitate the release of HDL or trigger its endocytosis. This study shows that PON1 can hydrolyze palmitoyl‐cysteine thioester bonds in vitro, has direct or indirect PPT activity in vivo, and can significantly decrease the presence of SR‐B1 in the endothelial membrane.
Statin use and mortality risk in Asian patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Lee Yan Hiu Athena , Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai , Hui Jeremy Man Ho , Tang Pias , Liu Kang , Dee Edward Christopher , Ng Kenrick , Tse Gary , Ng Chi Fai
Published: December 2023

Background

This study aimed to examine the associations between the use of statins concurrent with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and the risks of mortality in Asian patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods

Adult patients (≥18 years old) diagnosed with PCa who were receiving any form of ADT and were being treated at public hospitals in Hong Kong from December 1999 to March 2021 were retrospectively identified, with follow‐up conducted until September 2021. Patients who had received medical castration for <180 days without subsequent bilateral orchidectomy, those who had used statins concurrently with ADT for <180 days, and those with missing baseline total cholesterol levels were excluded. Statin users were defined as individuals who had used statins for ≥180 days concurrent with ADT, while non‐users were those who had not used any statins. PCa‐related mortality was the primary outcome, while all‐cause mortality served as the secondary outcome. Inverse probability treatment weighting was employed to balance the covariates.

Results

A total of 4920 patients were included, consisting of 2578 statin users and 2342 non‐users (mean age 76.1 ± 8.2 years). Over a mean follow‐up period of 4.2 ± 3.3 years, it was observed that statin users had significantly lower risks of both PCa‐related mortality (weighted hazard ratio [wHR] 0.56 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48, 0.65], p < 0.001) and all‐cause mortality (wHR 0.57 [95% CI 0.51, 0.63], p < 0.001), regardless of the type of ADT used. Notably, these associations were more pronounced among patients with less advanced PCa, as indicated by the absence of androgen receptor antagonist or chemotherapy usage (p value for interaction <0.001 for both outcomes).

Conclusion(s)

The use of statins concurrent with ADT was associated with reduced mortality risks among Asian patients with PCa. These findings suggest the need for additional research to explore the potential role of statins in the treatment of PCa patients.
Restricted life‐space mobility impacts physical but not mental quality of life in older cancer survivors
Authors: Taylor Richard A. , Bakitas Marie , Wells Rachel , Dionne‐Odom J. Nicholas , Kennedy Richard , Williams Grant R. , Frank Jennifer , Li Peng
Published: December 2023

Background

Older cancer survivors often value quality of life (QOL) over survival. Life‐space mobility (LSM), defined as the individual's spatial geographic mobility range, is an important QOL indicator in older adults with chronic illnesses; however, this relationship is unexplored in older cancer survivors.

Methods

We examined the longitudinal associations and causal relationships between LSM and QOL in 153 older cancer survivors (≥65 years) from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Study of Aging. LSM was assessed using the UAB Life‐Space Assessment‐Composite score (LSA‐C), and QOL was assessed by the SF‐12 Mental Component Score (MCS12) and Physical Component Score (PCS12) at 0 (study entry), 6, 18, 36, 54, and 72 months. We examined the causal relationship between LSM and QOL using a cross‐lagged panel model (CLPM).

Results

The cohort (n = 153) was 76 years old on average and predominantly White (58%), female (58%), and married (55%). Longitudinal analyses found LSM decreased over time (p < 0.0001), and this decrease was associated with decreased QOL (PCS12, p < 0.0001, MCS12, p < 0.0001). In the CLPM causal analysis, lower LSM resulted in worse PCS12 (p < 0.001), but not worse MSC12.

Conclusions

Restricted LSM resulted in worse physical QOL over 72 months in a sample of 153 older cancer survivors. Developing and evaluating interventions to preserve greater LSM could be a promising approach to improving QOL.
Tissue or liquid rebiopsy? A prospective study for simultaneous tissue and liquid NGS after first‐line EGFR inhibitor resistance in lung cancer
Authors: Lin Yen‐Ting , Ho Chao‐Chi , Hsu Wei‐Hsun , Liao Wei‐Yu , Yang Ching‐Yao , Yu Chong‐Jen , Tsai Tzu‐Hsiu , Yang James Chih‐Hsin , Wu Shang‐Gin , Hsu Chia‐Lin , Hsieh Min‐Shu , Huang Yen‐Lin , Wu Chia‐Ling , Shih Jin‐Yuan
Published: December 2023

Introduction

According to current International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer guideline, physicians may first use plasma cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) methods to identify epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)‐resistant mechanisms (liquid rebiopsy) for lung cancer. Tissue rebiopsy is recommended if the plasma result is negative. However, this approach has not been evaluated prospectively using next‐generation sequencing (NGS).

Methods

We prospectively enrolled patients with lung cancer with first‐line EGFR‐TKI resistance who underwent tissue rebiopsy. The rebiopsied tissues and cfDNA were sequenced using targeted NGS, ACTDrug®+, and ACTMonitor®Lung simultaneously. The clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes were analyzed.

Results

Totally, 86 patients were enrolled. Twenty‐six (30%) underwent tissue biopsy but the specimens were inadequate for NGS. Among the 60 patients with paired tissue and liquid rebiopsies, two‐thirds (40/60) may still be targetable. T790M mutations were found in 29, including 14 (48%) only from tissue and 5 (17%) only from cfDNA. Twenty‐four of them were treated with osimertinib, and progression‐free survival was longer in patients without detectable T790M in cfDNA than in patients with detectable T790M in cfDNA (p = 0.02). For the 31 T790M‐negative patients, there were six with mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (MET) amplifications, four with ERBB2 amplifications, and one with CCDC6‐RET fusion. One with MET amplification and one with ERBB2 amplification responded to subsequent MET and ERBB2 targeting agents respectively.

Conclusions

NGS after EGFR‐TKI resistance may detect targetable drivers besides T790M. To do either liquid or tissue NGS only could miss patients with T790M. To do tissue and liquid NGS in parallel after EGFR‐TKI resistance may find more patients with targetable cancers.