bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feature Selection in GPCR Classification Using BAT Algorithm
Authors: Bekhouche Safia , Mohamed Ben Ali Yamina
Published: May 2020

G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCR) are the large family of protein membrane; and until now some of them still remain orphans. Predicting GPCR functions is a challenging task, it depends closely to their classification, which requires a digital representation of each protein chain as an attribute vector. A major problem of GPCR databases is their great number of features which can produce combinatorial explosion and increase the complexity of classification algorithms. Feature selection techniques are used to deal with this problem by minimizing features space dimension, and keeping the most relevant ones. In this paper, we propose to use the BAT algorithm for extracting the pertinent features and to improve the classification results. We compared the results obtained by our system with two other bio-inspired algorithms, Evolutionary Algorithm and PSO search. Metrics quality measures used for comparison are Error Rate, Accuracy, MCC and [Formula: see text]-measure. Experimental results indicate that our system is more efficient.
Investigation of the Static Behavior and Failure Mechanisms of a 3D Printed Bio-Based Sandwich with Auxetic Core
Authors: Essassi Khawla , Rebiere Jean-Luc , El Mahi Abderrahim , Ben Souf Mohamed Amine , Bouguecha Anas , Haddar Mohamed
Published: May 2020

In this research contribution, the static behavior and failure mechanisms are developed for a three-dimensional (3D) printed dogbone, auxetic structure and sandwich composite using acoustic emissions (AEs). The skins, core and whole sandwich are manufactured using the same bio-based material which is polylactic acid reinforced with micro-flax fibers. Tensile tests are conducted on the skins and the core while bending tests are conducted on the sandwich composite. Those tests are carried out on four different auxetic densities in order to investigate their effect on the mechanical and damage properties of the materials. To monitor the invisible damage and damage propagation, a highly sensitive AE testing method is used. It is found that the sandwich with high core density displays advanced mechanical properties in terms of bending stiffness, shear stiffness, facing bending stress and core shear stress. In addition, the AE data points during testing present an amplitude range of 40–85[Formula: see text]dB that characterizes visible and invisible damage up to failure.
Computing edge version of metric and double metric dimensions of Kayak paddle graphs
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Ameen Naeem , Zahid Zohaib , Zafar Sohail
Published: May 2020

Locating the source of diffusion in complex networks is an exciting but challenging task. It is critical for preventing and controlling the epidemic risks. Source localization has been studied under many feasible models. In this paper, we discuss the localization problem in Kayak paddle graphs [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] by computing edge version of metric and double metric dimensions.
Investigation of Alternative Parameters for Immunity-based UAV Navigation in GNSS-denied Environment
Authors: Alnuaimi Mohanad , Perhinschi Mario G.
Published: May 2020

This paper is focused on analyzing effects of several significant parameters on the performance of an immunity-inspired methodology for autonomous navigation of unmanned air vehicles when measurements from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) or similar current sources, including external information of opportunity, are not available. An artificial immune system (AIS) provides corrections to a dead reckoning algorithm for adequate estimates of vehicle position and velocity. Parameter effects are assessed and analyzed through simulation in terms of trajectory tracking errors during autonomous flight.
Feature Weighted Linguistics Classifier for Predicting Learning Difficulty Using Eye Tracking
Authors: Parikh Saurin S. , Kalva Hari
Published: May 2020

This article presents a new approach to predict learning difficulty in applications such as e-learning using eye movement and pupil response. We have developed 12 eye response features based on psycholinguistics, contextual information processing, anticipatory behavior analysis, recurrence fixation analysis, and pupillary response. A key aspect of the proposed approach is the temporal analysis of the feature response to the same concept. Results show that variations in eye response to the same concept over time are indicative of learning difficulty. A Feature Weighted Linguistics Classifier (FWLC) was developed to predict learning difficulty in real time. The proposed approach predicts learning difficulty with an accuracy of 90%.
Does Polarization Increase Lead to Capacity Fade?
Authors: Wang Fuqing , Lin Zhen , Liu Lijuan , Wei Xingsheng , Lin Shiliang , Dai Lu , Wei Yimin , Liang Chengdu , Liaw Boryann
Published: May 2020

“Polarization increase reduces capacity” is frequently used to explain capacity fading in rechargeable batteries. To verify this empirical law, failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) was used to identify capacity fade mechanism and derive the contribution of each failure mode in graphite–LiCoO2 cells cycled between 3.00 V and 4.35 V. The thermodynamic and kinetic attributes to the capacity fade at the material, electrode, and cell levels were quantified respectively. Loss of Li inventory dominates in the capacity fade, followed by the loss of active materials in the electrodes. The capacity loss due to the impedance increase in the cell was relatively insignificant, contrary to what often conceived. This work emphasizes the importance of using quantitative FMEA to assess cell degradation and conduct failure analysis so the contributions from material, electrode, to the cell level can be distinctly identified. The polarization increase does not affect the charge retention significantly.
Let’s talk about sex in the context of COVID-19
Authors: Gargaglioni Luciane H. , Marques Danuzia A.
Published: May 2020

In recent months, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has sent many countries into crisis. Studies have shown that this virus causes worse outcomes and a higher mortality in men than in women. It has been recognized that sex can affect the immune response to a pathogenic agent, as well as the susceptibility for some respiratory diseases. These different responses in males and females may be related to the actions of sex hormones. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) acts as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19. The expression of ACE2 is influenced by sex hormones; therefore, we discuss in this article that this could be one of the reasons why COVID-19 is more prevalent in men than in women.
Neural Dynamics Variations Observer Designed for Robot Manipulator Control Using a Novel Saturated Control Technique
Authors: Rossomando Francisco G. , Serrano Emanuel , Soria Carlos M. , Scaglia Gustavo
Published: May 2020

This work presents a novel controller for the dynamics of robots using a dynamic variations observer. The proposed controller uses a saturated control law based on sintg−1. function instead of tanh.. Besides, this function is an alternative to the use of tanh. in saturation control, since it reaches its maximum value more gradually than the hyperbolic tangent function. Using this characteristic, the transition between states is smoother, with similar accuracy to tanh.. The controller is designed using a saturated SMC (sliding mode controller) and a dynamic variations observer based on GRNN (general regression neural network). The originality of this work is the use of a combination of adaptive GRNN with a sliding mode controller (SMC) including a new saturation function. Finally, experiments based on trajectory tracking demonstrate the robustness and simplicity of this method.
Declining Trends in Childhood TB Notifications and Profile of Notified Patients in the City of Harare, Zimbabwe, from 2009 to 2018
Authors: Nzombe Phoebe , Satyanarayana Srinath , Tweya Hannock , Timire Collins , Charambira Kelvin , Ncube Ronald T. , Zishiri Christopher , Dlodlo Riitta A. , Duri Clemence , Chonzi Prosper , Mbiva Fredrick , Siziba Nicholas , Sandy Charles
Published: May 2020

Globally, childhood tuberculosis (TB among those aged <15 years) is a neglected component of national TB programmes in high TB burden countries. Zimbabwe, a country in southern Africa, is a high burden country for TB, TB-HIV, and drug-resistant TB. In this study, we assessed trends in annual childhood TB notifications in Harare (the capital of Zimbabwe) from 2009 to 2018 and the demographic, clinical profiles, and treatment outcomes of childhood TB patients notified from 2015–2017 by reviewing the national TB programme records and reports. Overall, there was a decline in the total number of TB patients (all ages) from 5,943 in 2009 to 2,831 in 2018. However, the number of childhood TB patients had declined exponentially 6-fold from 583 patients (117 per 100,000 children) in 2009 to 107 patients (18 per 100,000 children) in 2018. Of the 615 childhood TB patients notified between 2015 and 2017, 556 (89%) patient records were available. There were 53% males, 61% were aged <5 years, 92% were new TB patients, 85% had pulmonary TB, and 89% were treated for-drug sensitive TB, 3% for drug-resistant TB, and 40% were HIV positive (of whom 59% were on ART). Although 58% had successful treatment outcomes, the treatment outcomes of 40% were unknown (not recorded or not evaluated), indicating severe gaps in TB care. The disproportionate decline in childhood TB notifications could be due to the reduction in the TB burden among HIV positive individuals from the scale up of antiretroviral therapy and isoniazid preventive therapy. However, the country is experiencing economic challenges which could also contribute to the disproportionate decline in childhood TB notification and gaps in quality of care. There is an urgent need to understand the reasons for the declining trends and the gaps in care.
Direct Shear Test on Coarse Gap‐Graded Fill: Plate Opening Size and Its Effect on Measured Shear Strength
Authors: Cai H. , Wei R. , Xiao J. Z. , Wang Z. W. , Yan J. , Wu S. F. , Sun L. M.
Published: May 2020

In this paper, three different rock‐soil mixtures were reconstituted in laboratory, which were designed to mimic the proportions of coarse and fine particles in the high fill used at the airport construction sites. The shear strength of the reconstituted mixtures was determined by both large‐scale direct shear tests (DSTs) with different plate opening sizes and triaxial compression tests. By comparing the test results, the most appropriate plate opening size for DSTs on coarse gap‐graded rock‐soil mixtures is discussed. The test results indicate that the opening size has a significant effect on the measured shear strength of gap‐graded rock‐soil mixtures. For DSTs under the same normal stress, the peak strength decreases with increasing plate opening size. For the gap‐graded mixture with a small proportion of coarse particles, a plate opening size of one‐third to one‐quarter of the maximum particle size (dmax) is suitable. With a higher coarse particle content, the opening size should be increased appropriately. If the percentage of gravels (5.0 mm < d < 20.0 mm) is more than 47%, a plate opening size of slightly greater or less than one‐half dmax is more appropriate.
Aneurysm of Upper Limb Arteries in Children: Report of Five Cases
Authors: Nurmeev Ildar , Osipov Dmitry , Okoye Bruce
Published: May 2020

Background. Arterial aneurysm in children is rare. Aim. To present the description of case series of successful surgical treatment of upper limb aneurysms in children. The case series included 2 boys and 3 girls, with median age 3.3 years. One of them was a newborn with a true brachial artery aneurysm. Aneurysms were in the brachial (n = 3) and radial (n = 2) arteries. Two patients had idiopathic aneurysms. Two cases were associated with connective tissue dysplasia syndrome. One patient had a history of trauma. In 4 of 5 cases, there was a true aneurysm and in one a pseudoaneurysm. Diagnosis was carried out in all cases by using ultrasound, with arteriography in one case. All 5 children were operated on. Resection of the aneurysm and restoration of arterial patency was performed in 4 of 5 cases (ligation of the radial artery near the aneurysm in 1 case, aneurysm resection with end-to-end anastomosis in 1 case, resection with PTFE graft implantation in 1 case, and resection with implantation of an autovenous graft in 2 cases. Complications. Dysfunction and thrombosis of the PTFE graft required reoperation using an autovenous graft. Conclusion. Despite the rarity of the disease, timely and adequate surgical treatment of aneurysms of the arteries of the upper extremities in children is possible successfully in a specialized hospital.
Correlation of Serum Adipolin with Epicardial Fat Thickness and Severity of Coronary Artery Diseases in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stable Angina Pectoris Patients
Authors: Babapour Behzad , Doustkami Hossein , Avesta Leli , Moradi Alireza , Saadat Saeideh , Piralaei Kiavash , Aslani Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2020

Objective: Adipolin/C1q/TNF-related protein-12 is a family of CTRPs highly expressed in adipose tissue with glucose-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects. Various risk factors have been suggested in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, such as a decrease in anti-inflammatory or an increase in inflammatory factors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlation of adipolin with anthropometric, angiographic, echocardiographic, and biochemical parameters. Subject and Methods: A total of 90 patients who were candidates for angiography were included in the study and divided into 3 groups: 30 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 30 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), and 30 subjects as a control group with a history of chest pain but normal angiography. Anthropometric, angiographic, echocardiographic, and biochemical parameters were measured in all subjects. Results: Serum adipolin levels were significantly decreased in patients with AMI compared with the SAP and control groups (p < 0.001 for both). In addition, there was a negative association between serum levels of adipolin and epicardial fat thickness (EFT) and Gensini score in CAD patients. The results of multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that EFT values were independently associated with serum adipolin levels. Conclusion: The current study showed an independent association of adipolin with EFT for the first time in patients with AMI. Decreased adipolin levels in patients with AMI may be involved in the process of atherosclerosis, which requires further study.
Application of mutant particle swarm optimization for MPPT in photovoltaic system
Authors: Thi Hoang Thom , Huong Le Thi
Published: May 2020

The P –V characteristic of a photovoltaic system (PVs) is non-linear and de-pends entirely on the extreme environmental condition, thus a large amount PV energy is lost in the environment. To enhance the operating efficiency of the PVs, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller is normally equipped in the system. This paper proposes a new mutant particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm for tracking the maximum power point (MPP) in the PVs. The MPSO-based MPPT algorithm not only surmounts the steady-state oscillation (SSO) around the MPP, but also tracks accurately the optimum power under different varying environmental conditions. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, MATLAB simulations are implemented in three challenging scenarios to the PV system, including changing irradiation, load variation and partial shading condition (PSC). Furthermore, the obtained results are compared to some of the con-ventional MPPT algorithms, such as incremental conductance (INC) and clas-sical particle swarm optimization (PSO) in order to show the superiority of the proposed approach in improving the efficiency of PVs. 
Novel switching technique for five leg inverter in dual motor control
Authors: Sabarad Jayaprakash , Kulkarni G.H.
Published: May 2020

This work presents a novel switching technique for five leg inverter in dual motor control. As the technology advances in industry, requirements in reducing the cost plays an important role with reliable product design. In conventional method, the six legs are used in 2- three phase Voltage Source Inverters (VSI) to control 2 motors. This proposed technique will give the improved performance of speed control for dual motor control using Five Leg Inverter (FLI). New proposed method suggests to use 5-inverter legs instead of 6-inverter legs to control 2 induction motors. New Switching technique proposed in FLI system is designed in effective way that improved performance and Total Harmonic Distortion of ~23% achieved. The load sharing on common leg is called Common Mode (CM) of operation. In this new method, closed loop control designed by using space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) and Direct Torque Control (DTC) in FLI Technology. With this new method smooth speed regulation is achieved when load torque is changed. THD% for CM-FLI is reduced when compared with convetional FLI technique. The new Switching technique is controlled in effective way that the common leg is not overloaded and able to drive both the induction motors independently at required speeds. Proposed switching technique verified at different operating speeds with No load and rated torque. Simulation results computed using MATLAB/SIMULINK Software. 
Characterization of drop-casted graphene/cellulose thin film on printing paper substrate
Authors: Azmi Amirul Hadi , Abd Rahman Shaharin Fadzli , Zainal Abidin Mastura Shafinaz
Published: May 2020

Paper electronics is an emerging technology to implement flexible and wearable electronics devices via ink printing process. This paper evaluates the feasibility of using conventional printing paper for coating process with graphene/cellulose ink. 4 different types of regularly used conventional printing papers were used as substrates in this work. The conductive graphene ink was prepared through exfoliation of graphite in cellulose solution. The paper substrates surface morphology and sheet resistance of the drop-casted conductive ink on each paper were analyzed and discussed. Glossy paper was found to be suitable paper substrate for the printing of the formulated ink due to its low surface roughness of 16 nm. The value of sheet resistance of the graphene/cellulose thin film can be lowered to 4.11 kΩ/sq by applying multiple drops. This work suggests that conventional printing paper may offer solution for highly scalable and low-cost paper electronics.
Portable and wireless imaging of dorsal hand vein
Authors: Hui Ern See , Huong Audrey , W. Mahmud W. Mahani Hafizah , Ngu Xavier
Published: May 2020

Technologies for visualization of dorsal hand vein are of the great interest in the studies of drugs-body response, identity authentication and human metabolism. This study integrates near infrared (NIR) technology into an optical system for non-contact, mobile and quick on the spot visualization of dorsal vascular system. The performance of the developed system was tested on twenty subjects of different skin tone and body frame dimensions. The results showed that the proposed system is able to produce output image of Signal-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Peak SNR of greater than 30 dB and 20 dB, respectively. While this work found a correlation between skin tone and image quality metrics, high consistency was observed in the quality metrics calculated for image data of individuals having different body frame size. This work concluded that the proposed system can be suitably used as a portable and robust tool for enhanced visualization of dorsal hand vein.
Projective synchronization for 4D hyperchaotic system based on adaptive nonlinear control strategy
Authors: Al-Talib Zaidoon Sh. , AL-Azzawi Saad Fawzi
Published: May 2020

The main purpose of the paper is to projective synchronous chaotic oscillation in the real four-dimensional hyperchaotic model via designing many adaptive nonlinear controllers. Firstly, in view that there are many strategies in the design process of existing controllers, a nonlinear control strategy is considered as one of the important powerful tools for controlling the dynamical systems. The prominent advantage of the nonlinear controller lies in that it deals with known and unknown parameters. Then, the projective synchronize behavior of a four-dimensional hyperchaotic system is analyzed by using the Lyapunov stability theory and positive definite matrix, and the nonlinear control strategy is adopted to synchronize the hyperchaotic system. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the designed adaptive nonlinear controller are verified by simulation.
Simulation and optimization of genetic algorithm-artificial neural network based air quality estimator
Authors: Pandey Shirish , Saeed S. Hasan , Kidwai N. R.
Published: May 2020

In this work intelligent model for estimation of the concentration of carbon monoxide in a polluted environment is developed on mat Lab platform. The results are validated using data collected from repository linked to University of California. The data records are over the duration of one year using E nose sensor placed in main city of Italy. The records are rectified and segmented at different length to extract the Base and Divergence Values features. An Artificial Neural Network Model (ANN) is developed and the result is validated manually. Another optimized Genetic Algorithm-Artificial Neural Network based air quality estimation model is developed which validate the result using artificial intelligence technique to get a better performance network.
Comparison of two new methods for implementa BPSK modulator using FPGA
Authors: Amar Hebibi , Bartil Arres , Ziet Lahcene
Published: May 2020

The design of electronic systems has become mainly dependent on FPGAs applications. This is due to the softness effectiveness progress by reconfigurable computing and reduced time to develop solutions for digital signal processing. In this article, we present the theoretical backgrounds of a BPSK modulation and hardware designs of the BPSK system, a firstly with the help of Matlab/Simulink reliant on the System Generator and a second with Xilinx ISE VERILOG Hardware Description Language. In order to show the differences between them, in terms of efficiency, duration of development and how many resources are used in FPGA. For the projected system, we have a tendency to aimed toward employing a moderately sized, low-value FPGA to implement the system. The Atlys development board by Digilent to configure develops, and run the system, based on a Xilinx Spartan-6 LX45 FPGA.
Self-configuration and self-optimization process with taguchi method in hybrid optical wireless network
Authors: Yoon Khang Adam Wong , Ramli Arnidza , J. Elias Shamsul , Pusppanathan J. , Jamil Alsayaydeh Jamil Abedalrahim , Hamimi Mustafa Fatin , Indra Win Adiyansyah , Mohamat Gani Johar Akbar
Published: May 2020

In this paper, an alternative improvement is proposed which is the adaptive wireless access networks-based optical backhaul convergence that will greatly promote to use the existing resource of MANET (mobile ad hoc network). However, these characteristics itself acts as a drawback to the MANET applications such as the random distribution of nodes and continuously changing topology. MiNiTab statistical software was used to model the effect of the parameter variation to predict the field quality through the design of experiments while OMNeT++ network simulation was created to visualize the effect of QoS performance study in response with varying speed scenario. The result shows that the proposed ESCMDR scheme can obtain robustness and outperformed compared to the non-Taguchi previous study when it is used in random waypoint mobility model in any speed of sources. The work is based on Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and Packet Loss Probability (PLP) metric under the varying speed scenario. It results in better QoS network PDR of 28.9% improvement, with 83.56% improvement on average PLP. The paper shows that the MANET QoS performance constrained can be addressed with the self-configured data rate of integrated optimization with Taguchi method on AODV-UU (Adhoc On Demand Distance Vector-Uppsala University) routing technique.
QR based management system for plants shopping center
Authors: Nasir Saja , Al-Qaraawi Salih , Sadik Croock Muayad
Published: May 2020

It is well known that the development in the life style requires a robust enhancement in the provided services based on technologies. This paper suggests a mobile application under android environment that manages the information and sale systems regarding plants shop. The proposed application uses the Quick Response (QR) codes as identification of an object (plant). The proposed system includes two parts: server and client. The server side contains the most software application, such as database, while the client (mobile) side runs the website based interface between the application and users. QR tag is attached to each plant on the farm to be read by visitor’s mobile camera and sent to the server side using the designed web application. The received QR code is processed by the server and preparing the response with full information of a plant to be sent back to the mobile for user viewing. In addition, the proposed system offers a sale service to the user after performing registration. The proposed system is tested over different case studies and the obtained results show the efficiency of its performance.
Successful xenotransfusion from a domestic dog (Canis familiaris) to an Andean fox (Lycalopex culpaeus)
Authors: Díaz Eduardo Alfonso , Sáenz Carolina , Latorre Erika , Cisneros-Heredia Diego Francisco , Dueñas Ivette
Published: May 2020

An Andean fox was transferred to the Wildlife Hospital of the Universidad San Francisco de Quito for evaluation ofinjuries caused by a run over. Clinical signs of hypovolemic shock were detected. Radiographies showed multiple pelvicfractures and free fluid in retroperitoneal cavity. The presumptive diagnosis was hemorrhagic shock caused by bloodloss secondary to a pelvis fracture. An emergency xenotransfusion using blood from a domestic dog was performedwithout acute transfusion reactions observed. This is the first report of successful xenotransfusion between a domesticdog and an Andean fox presenting a procedure that could be applied in emergency situations.
Fake news, WhatsApp e a vacinação contra febre amarela no Brasil
Authors: Sacramento Igor , Paiva Raquel
Published: May 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal, a partir de uma perspectiva etnográfica, analisar como determinados usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde consomem e fazem circular informações sobre vacinação, e se confiam ou não nelas. Realizamos diversas entrevistas com pessoas à espera de se vacinar contra a febre amarela no final de 2017. Por meio das entrevistas numa situação tão particular, observamos algumas mudanças sensíveis no regime de verdade contemporâneo. Concluímos que as redes de comunicação on-line se hibridizam com outros processos de socialização existentes, especialmente com as crenças religiosas, o que nos fez entender que a confiança nas informações circulantes é mais da ordem da convicção do que da persuasão.
S100A9 Links Inflammation and Repair in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Marinković Goran , Koenis Duco Steven , de Camp Lisa , Jablonowski Robert , Graber Naomi , de Waard Vivian , de Vries Carlie Jacoba , Goncalves Isabel , Nilsson Jan , Jovinge Stefan , Schiopu Alexandru
Published: May 2020

Rationale:

The alarmin S100A9 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in myocardial infarction. Short-term S100A9 blockade during the inflammatory phase post-myocardial infarction inhibits systemic and cardiac inflammation and improves cardiac function long term.

Objective:

To evaluate the impact of S100A9 blockade on postischemic cardiac repair.

Methods and Results:

We assessed cardiac function, hematopoietic response, and myeloid phagocyte dynamics in WT (wild type) C57BL/6 mice with permanent coronary artery ligation, treated with the specific S100A9 blocker ABR-238901 for 7 or 21 days. In contrast to the beneficial effects of short-term therapy, extended S100A9 blockade led to progressive deterioration of cardiac function and left ventricle dilation. The treatment reduced the proliferation of Lin
−
Sca-1
+
c-Kit
+
hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the bone marrow and the production of proreparatory CD150
+
CD48
−
CCR2
+
hematopoietic stem cells. Monocyte trafficking from the spleen to the myocardium and subsequent phenotype switching to reparatory Ly6C
lo
MerTK
hi
macrophages was also impaired, leading to inefficient efferocytosis, accumulation of apoptotic cardiomyocytes, and a larger myocardial scar. The transcription factor Nur77 (Nr4a1 [nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1]) mediates the transition from inflammatory Ly6C
hi
monocytes to reparatory Ly6C
lo
macrophages. S100A9 upregulated the levels and activity of Nur77 in monocytes and macrophages in vitro and in Ly6C
hi/int
monocytes in vivo, and S100A9 blockade antagonized these effects. Finally, the presence of reparatory macrophages in the myocardium was also impaired in S100A9
−/
−
mice with permanent myocardial ischemia, leading to depressed cardiac function long term.

Conclusions:

We show that S100A9 plays an important role in both the inflammatory and the reparatory immune responses to myocardial infarction. Long-term S100A9 blockade negatively impacts cardiac recovery and counterbalances the beneficial effects of short-term therapy. These results define a therapeutic window targeting the inflammatory phase for optimal effects of S100A9 blockade as potential immunomodulatory treatment in acute myocardial infarction.
Metabolic and Molecular Imaging of the Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Peterson Linda R. , Gropler Robert J.
Published: May 2020

The term diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as the presence of abnormalities in myocardial structure and function that occur in the absence of, or in addition to, well-established cardiovascular risk factors. A key contributor to this abnormal structural-functional relation is the complex interplay of myocardial metabolic remodeling, defined as the loss the flexibility in myocardial substrate metabolism and its downstream detrimental effects, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis. In parallel with the growth in understanding of these biological underpinnings has been developmental advances in imaging tools such as positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy that permit the detection and in many cases quantification, of the processes that typifies the myocardial metabolic remodeling in diabetic cardiomyopathy. The imaging readouts can be obtained in both preclinical models of diabetes mellitus and patients with diabetes mellitus facilitating the bi-directional movement of information between bench and bedside. Moreover, imaging biomarkers provided by these tools are now being used to enhance discovery and development of therapies designed to reduce the myocardial effects of diabetes mellitus through metabolic modulation. In this review, the use of these imaging tools in the patient with diabetes mellitus from a mechanistic, therapeutic effect, and clinical management perspective will be discussed.
Reproductive biology of the Sword Snake Tomodon dorsatus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) in South Brazil: comparisons within the tribe Tachymenini
Authors: Loebens Luiza , Almeida-Santos Selma Maria , Cechin Sonia Zanini
Published: May 2020

We described the reproductive cycle, size-fecundity relationships, reproductive effort, and sexual maturity of Tomodon dorsatus in South Brazil. We examined 87 individuals (25 males and 62 females) from herpetological collections. The description of the reproductive cycle was based on the morpho-anatomical and histological changes in male testes, ductus deferens, and kidney and in female ovary and oviduct. The age at the onset of sexual maturity was estimated by skeletochronology of the caudal vertebra. The reproduction is seasonal semi-synchronous with most of the individuals showing a reproductive peak in the spring. Males and females have developed sperm storage strategies, increasing the reproductive success. Males store sperm in the ductus deferens during the autumn and winter, while females storage takes place in the utero-vaginal junction furrows during the autumn and early winter. Larger females produce a higher number of larger follicles and eggs. Females invest more in growth before reaching sexual maturity than males. Females reach sexual maturity earlier (4 years old) than males (5 years old) and have larger bodies but lower longevity. Reproductive strategies of Tachymenini specie are highly conserved.
Population size and density in two European pond turtle populations of central Italy
Authors: Zuffi Marco A.L. , Spinelli Alice , Ikovic Vuk , Mangiacotti Marco , Sacchi Roberto , Scali Stefano
Published: May 2020

Two populations of the European pond turtle were studied employing capture, marking and recapture (CMR) techniques to determine population density and abundance in natural and protected areas within the Regional Natural park Migliarino San Rossore Massaciuccoli in north western Tuscany, Italy. The results indicated strong sexual size dimorphism in both populations, with males smaller than females. In one area Emys orbicularis was in general smaller in size with a very low reproductive rate (three out of 25 adult females were gravid), which contrasted with a second population where 20 out of 42 females were gravid. Population estimates indicated 79 turtles were present in the first area (0.34 ha) and 61 turtles in the second area (0.58 ha), giving an overall density estimate of 183.6 turtles/ha and 146.7 turtles/ha respectively. Whilst our results are similar to those found in other areas of Europe, they diverge from other regions, suggesting that sampling and monitoring techniques should be standardized to obtain comparable data that will enable conservation and protection measures to be recommended.
When Scenes Look Like Materials: René Magritte’s Reversible Figure–Ground Motif
Authors: Ritchie J. Brendan , van Buren Benjamin
Published: May 2020

We draw attention to a frequent motif in the work of the Belgian surrealist René Magritte (1898–1967). In the motif, a scene is depicted that contains a silhouette, which itself contains another depicted scene. The silhouette is bistable, appearing either as a figural region whose positive space is covered, or filled, with the interior scene texture, or as a ground region providing a window onto a more distant scene. We call this the ‘reversible figure–ground motif’. Because the stimulus does not change when our percept changes, the motif’s appearance at any particular moment cannot be explained by its local or global image statistics. Instead principles of perceptual organization, and in particular image segmentation and figure–ground assignment, appear crucial for determining whether the interior of the silhouette is processed as a material vs. a scene — which in turn reflects the fundamental role of visual segmentation in material and scene perception more generally.
The Development of the Hebrew Wayyiqṭol Verbal Form ('Waw Consecutive') in Light of Greek and Latin Transcriptions of Hebrew
Authors: Kantor Benjamin
Published: May 2020

Benjamin Kantor investigates the attestations of the wayyiqṭol form in ancient Greek and Latin transcriptions of Biblical Hebrew and compares those attestations with medieval Jewish traditions of Biblical Hebrew (Tiberian, Babylonian) and with the Samaritan tradition. It is shown that the Greek and Latin transcriptions help us understand the development of the later Jewish and Samaritan traditions. By the time of Jerome’s transcriptions (fourth/fifth century CE), the gemination following the initial wa- is generalised, whereas earlier, in Origen’s Secunda (circa first–third centuries CE), it is not fully developed. In the Samaritan tradition there is no trace of this kind of gemination. The article reaches the important conclusion that gemination in wayyiqṭol is a development of the Second Temple Jewish traditions, but not the Samaritan tradition
Biblical Quotations in the Aramaic Incantation Bowls and Their Contribution to the Study of the Babylonian Reading Tradition
Authors: Molin Dorota
Published: May 2020

Dorota Molin’s article highlights the importance of the incantation bowls in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic from the sixth–seventh centuries CE for the study of the pre-Masoretic Babylonian reading tradition of Biblical Hebrew. Biblical quotations within these bowls constitute the only direct documentation of Biblical Hebrew from Babylonia at that time. The phonetic spelling of the quotations provides much information about their pronunciation. In a series of case studies Molin shows that the pronunciation of the quotations corresponds closely to the medieval Babylonian reading tradition. She also demonstrates that they reflect interference from the Aramaic vernacular, manifested especially in weakening of the guttural consonants, and that the writers drew from an oral tradition of the Hebrew Bible.
Phonological Adaptation and the Biblical Aramaic and Biblical Hebrew Reflexes of *i and *u
Authors: Suchard Benjamin D.
Published: May 2020

Benjamin Suchard treats the phenomenon of irregular reflexes of the vowels *i and *u in Biblical Hebrew and Biblical Aramaic from a novel perspective of ‘phonological adaptation’, whereby speakers of one language adapted borrowed forms to their own phonology. This process is known to be irregular. The author makes an innovative suggestion that in Biblical Hebrew and Biblical Aramaic, respectively, the irregular reflexes of the vowels *i and *u are due to the phonological adaptation of pre-Tiberian Hebrew to Aramaic phonology and of Biblical Hebrew to Palestinian Greek phonology. Such a process sheds light on general developments in the reading traditions and linguistic realities of Palestine of late antiquity.
Discord between the Tiberian Written and Reading Traditions
Authors: Hornkohl Aaron D.
Published: May 2020

Aaron Hornkohl examines two features in the Tiberian reading tradition of Biblical Hebrew, namely the qal construct infinitive and the 3ms possessive suffix that is attached to plural nouns and some prepositions. The article argues that although the vocalisation in both cases is secondary relative to what is represented by the consonantal text, it is not artificial and post-biblical, but rather a relatively ancient product of the real language situation of an earlier period, namely, the Second Temple Period, if not earlier. The view that the vocalisation has such historical depth and is the result of natural linguistic development is often dismissed by biblical scholars. By examining the distribution of forms within the Tiberian Masoretic version of the Hebrew Bible and in extra-biblical sources, especially the Dead Sea Scrolls and First Temple period epigraphy, Hornkohl convincingly demonstrates that the incongruity between the vocalisation and the consonantal text is earlier than Rabbinic Hebrew (second–third centuries CE).
Impact of Coherent Ocean Stratification on AMOC Reconstruction by Coupled Data Assimilation with a Biased Model
Authors: Lu Lv , Zhang Shaoqing , Yeager Stephen G. , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Chang Ping , Wu Lixin , Lin Xiaopei , Rosati Anthony , Lu Feiyu
Published: May 2020

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is of great importance in Earth’s climate system, and reconstructing its structure and variability by combining observations with a coupled model is a key step in understanding historical and future states of AMOC. However, models always have systematic errors called bias owing to imperfect numerical representation of the real world. Model bias and the sparse nature of ocean observations, particularly in deep oceans, make it difficult to generate a complete historical picture of AMOC structure and variability. Here, two coupled models that are biased with respect to each other are used to design “twin” experiments to systematically study the influence of model bias on AMOC reconstruction. One model is used to produce the “observations” that sample the “true” solution of the AMOC to be reconstructed, while the other model is used to incorporate the “observations” to reconstruct the “truth” through coupled data assimilation (CDA). The degree to which the “truth” is recovered by a CDA scheme assesses the critical role of coherent (both upper- and deep-ocean incorporate enough observations to mitigate stratification instability) ocean stratification on AMOC reconstruction. Results show that balancing restoration of climatology and assimilation of observations is vital to better reconstruct AMOC structure and variability, given that most ocean observations are only available in the upper 2000 m. The gained results serve as a guideline in ocean-state estimation with a balance of deep restoring and upper data constraint for climate prediction initialization, especially for decadal predictions.
Predictability of Seasonal Streamflow and Soil Moisture in National Water Model and a Humid Alabama–Coosa–Tallapoosa River Basin
Authors: Duan Yanan , Kumar Sanjiv
Published: May 2020

This study investigates the potential predictability of streamflow and soil moisture in the Alabama–Coosa–Tallapoosa (ACT) river basin in the southeastern United States. The study employs the state-of-the-art National Water Model (NWM) and compares the effects of initial soil moisture condition with those of seasonal climate anomalies on streamflow and soil moisture forecast skills. We have designed and implemented seasonal streamflow forecast ensemble experiments following the methodology suggested by Dirmeyer et al. The study also compares the soil moisture variability in the NWM with in situ measurements and remote sensing data from the Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) satellite. The NWM skillfully simulates the observed streamflow in the ACT basin. The soil moisture variability is 46% smaller in the NWM compared with the SMAP data, mainly due to a weaker amplitude of the seasonal cycle. This study finds that initial soil moisture condition is a major source of predictability for the seasonal streamflow forecast. The contribution of the initial soil moisture condition is comparable or even higher than that of seasonal climate anomaly effects in dry seasons. In the boreal summer season, the initial soil moisture condition contributes to 65% and 48% improvements in the seasonal streamflow and soil moisture forecast skills, respectively. This study attributes a greater improvement in the streamflow forecast skill to the lag effects between the soil moisture and streamflow anomalies. The results of this study can inform the development and improvement of the operational streamflow forecasting system.
Assessing Tropical Cyclones’ Contribution to Precipitation over the Eastern United States and Sensitivity to the Variable-Resolution Domain Extent
Authors: Stansfield Alyssa M. , Reed Kevin A. , Zarzycki Colin M. , Ullrich Paul A. , Chavas Daniel R.
Published: May 2020

Tropical cyclones (TCs) can subject an area to heavy precipitation for many hours, or even days, worsening the risk of flooding, which creates dangerous conditions for residents of the U.S. East and Gulf Coasts. To study the representation of TC-related precipitation over the eastern United States in current-generation global climate models, a novel analysis methodology is developed to track TCs and extract their associated precipitation using an estimate of their dynamical outer size. This methodology is applied to three variable-resolution (VR) configurations of the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5), with high-resolution domains over the North Atlantic and one low-resolution conventional configuration, as well as to a combination of reanalysis and observational precipitation data. Metrics and diagnostics such as TC counts, intensities, outer storm sizes, and annual mean total and extreme precipitation are compared between the CAM5 simulations and reanalysis/observations. The high-resolution VR configurations outperform the global low-resolution configuration for all variables in the North Atlantic. Realistic TC intensities are produced by the VR configurations. The total North Atlantic TC counts are lower than observations but better than reanalysis.
Exploring the Potential of Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy for the Detection of Plastics
Authors: Gies Sebastian , Schömann Eva-Marie , Anna Prume Julia , Koch Martin
Published: May 2020

Accurate data on microplastic occurrence in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are a basic requirement for microplastic risk assessment and management. Existing analysis techniques like Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy imaging are still time-consuming and depend on laborious sample preparation. Therefore, we investigate the potential of time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy as an alternative technique to identify plastic materials, and, for the first time determine the photoluminescence lifetime of a series of polymers and several non-plastic samples typically found in a marine environment. The obtained photoluminescence lifetimes can be used to distinguish between plastic and natural materials. Furthermore, they allow us to identify distinct types of plastics. Therefore, the described approach has the potential to identify materials either as a stand-alone technique or for pre-characterization of sample materials for otherwise time-consuming analytical methods such as Raman spectroscopy or FT-IR spectroscopy.
Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Attachment to Natural Landscapes
Authors: Landon Adam C. , Woosnam Kyle M. , Kyle Gerard T. , Keith Samuel J.
Published: May 2020

Motivation has long been implicated as an antecedent to place attachment among recreationists. Research has framed this association around expectancy theory, suggesting that the realization of preferred modes of experience leads to a positive evaluation of a setting (i.e., attachment). In this study, we tested an alternative hypothesis rooted in self-determination theory, which purported that place attachment arises from the realization of human needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence. We tested this hypothesis using structural equation modeling with data from a study of visitors to wilderness areas in the southeastern United States. Results support the proposition that perceptions of a landscape supporting autonomy, relatedness, and competence are associated with identification, dependence, and emotional connection with that landscape. Reframing the association between motivation and place attachment around psychological needs furthers the generalizability of results and highlights the importance of wilderness as a context for self-determined thought and behavior.
Management of hunger strike: A medical, ethical and legal conundrum
Authors: Sharma Raman , Jain Arihant , Kumar Ashok , Bhadada Sanjay Kumar , Grover Sandeep , Puri Govardhan Dutt
Published: May 2020

Hunger strike is a protest where an informed person refuses essential nourishment with the intention of accomplishing a specific goal. Hunger strikes conflict with medical, ethical, humanitarian and legal values. A multidisciplinary approach is important when dealing with hunger strike patients. On one hand, there is the wish to preserve life, and on the other to respect the strikers’ autonomy and their wishes, values and advanced directives (or living will). Most hunger strikes are short-lived, but in complex and prolonged circumstances, legal advice must be sought from health service solicitors and a doctor’s medical indemnity organisation. There is an emergent need to have defined guidelines for the management of these hunger strikes to be followed.