bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addition of biochar to acidic boreal podzolic soils enhances micronutrient availability and crop productivity
Authors: Abedin Joinal , Unc Adrian
Published: June 2020

Results of a recent multiyear experiment conducted on an agricultural plot that was recently converted from boreal forest (Labrador, Canada) suggested that NPK fertilizers contributed to better crop establishment and higher yield but only when it was applied along with biochar. The failure of fertilizer only treatments to allow crop establishment and desirable growth and yield could be related to the deficiency of one or more micronutrients. Consequently, a missing element trial with a number of micronutrients (Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mo) was initiated on the same soil to investigate whether biochar can facilitate the availability of one or more of these micronutrients, contributing to crop growth and yields. Results show that the incorporation of chemical fertilizers with biochar produced significantly higher yields than in the absence of biochar. Furthermore, in the absence of biochar, the addition of micronutrients (i.e., Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mo) did not significantly increase yield. On the other hand, among the treatments that included biochar, the absence of a micronutrient (i.e., only three of the four micronutrients included) had either no effect (e.g., absence of Mn or Zn) or was associated with the increased yields (i.e., absence of Cu or Mo). Thus, it is proposed that while all tested micronutrients were present in the podzolic soil, with Cu and Mo possibly oversupplied, co-application with biochar enhanced both macronutrient and micronutrient utilization by plants. The data on the availability of micronutrients in the soil, their concentration in plants, and total uptake also support this conclusion. Thus, biochar facilitates the plant uptake of both naturally occurring and added micronutrients, and associated crop productivity, in a podzolic soil typical for lands converted from forest to agricultural use in the boreal ecoregion of Labrador. These results also challenge the view that micronutrients must always be added to Podzols to achieve maximum productivity; biochar-mediated micronutrient plant uptake deserves consideration when managing Podzols.
From Multiple Streams to Muddling Through: Policy Process Theories and “Field of Vision”
Authors: Allen Linda J.
Published: June 2020

Contemporary policy process theories are used to explain important aspects of the policy process, including the emergence or change of policies over time. However, these theories vary notably in their composition, such as their scope of analytical space, key concepts and assumptions, models of individual decision-making, and relationships between process-relevant factors and actors. There is little guidance on which theory may be best suited for explaining particular policy outcomes or how the different elements of the theories influence their analytical power. To begin to address this gap in the literature, a comparative analysis applied four established policy process theories to explain the emergence of the same policy outcome, a set of environmental policies associated with the North American Free Trade Agreement, while varying the analytical space or “field of vision” spatially and temporally. Overall, each theory demonstrated strong explanatory power but within analytical spaces of different scales, which indicates that the dimensionality aspects aspects the analytical space of policy process theories may contribute to a convergence in shared knowledge.
Everything and Nothing: How do Matters Stand with Nothingness in Object-Oriented Ontology?
Authors: Wilde Niels
Published: June 2020

This article poses a question for Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) in general and Harman’s position in particular. It is Heidegger’s question: “How do matters stand with nothingness?” First, I present the basic outline of Harman’s OOO which is presented as a theory of everything. In order to pin down the question of nothing, I begin by asking about “something”: what is an object? And what does it mean that objects exist? Then I pursue by identifying two notions of nothing in OOO: the withdrawal of objects and the in-between of two objects. The first, I call infrastructural nothing. The second, I call interrelational nothing. The latter is derived from the former. I argue that OOO is very close to Kierkegaard’s account of nothing as the space of possibility of possibilities, since an object is defined as its own interior space which must hold something in reserve in order to allow for change and emergence. Nothing is not merely nothing but something – a bounded openness.
Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen: gesundheitsförderliche Settings?
Authors: Hocher Rebekka , Hollederer Alfons
Published: June 2020

Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen stellen ein heterogenes Setting mit vielen verschiedenen arbeitsspezifischen Anforderungen und Belastungen für die dort beschäftigten Menschen mit und ohne Behinderung dar. Aktuelle gesundheitspolitische Rahmenbedingungen eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten sowohl für die Erhebung gesundheitlicher Bedarfe als auch für Ansätze der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention, die bislang jedoch noch nicht voll ausgeschöpft werden.
Die Messung psychischer Belastungen mit dem COPSOQ
Authors: Lincke Hans-Joachim , Lindner Alexandra , Nübling Matthias
Published: June 2020

Die Arbeitswelt unterliegt grundlegenden Veränderungen (Stichworte: Globalisierung, Digitalisierung, New Work). Diese Veränderungen sind bei einer Messung psychischer Arbeitsbelastungen zu berücksichtigen. Hierfür wird der COPSOQ-Fragebogen (Copenhagen psychosocial questionnaire) kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt. In jüngerer Zeit wurde er vor allem in Zusammenarbeit mit dem internationalen COPSOQ-Netzwerk angepasst. Neue Themen sind u.a. zeitliche Entgrenzung, Wertschätzung, die Unfähigkeit abzuschalten und das Arbeitsengagement.
Trauern in Zeiten von Covid-19: Über den Moment hinaus gedacht
Authors: Müller Heidi , Münch Urs
Published: June 2020

Das Thema COVID-19 bestimmt den Alltag. Es gelten zahlreiche von der Politik verhängte Einschränkungen und Verbote zur Eindämmung der Pandemie. Für Hinterbliebene können die geltenden Maßnahmen zahlreiche Fragen und Probleme aufwerfen. Dabei betrachtet dieser Artikel vor allem die Auswirkungen, die schon vor dem Auftreten von COVID-19 zu wenig Beachtung gefunden haben. Hierzu gehören der Einfluss der Medien auf die Belastung Betroffener, die Auswirkungen einer unbedachten Wortwahl auf Hinterbliebene, die fehlende Wahrnehmung für die trauerspezifischen Belastungen der Gesundheitsfachkräfte sowie die mangelnde Berücksichtigung des Themas Trauer in Unternehmen.
A novel low-cost electrode for recording the local field potential of freely moving rat’s brain
Authors: Ding Xue-Feng , Gao Yan , Zhang Hui , Zhang Yuan , Wang Shao-Xia , Zhao Yong-Qi , Wang Yi-Zheng , Fan Ming
Published: June 2020

Local field potentials (LFPs) are involved in almost all cognitive activities of animals. Several kinds of recording electrodes are used for recording LFPs in freely moving animals, including commercial and homemade electrodes. However, commercial recording electrodes are expensive, and their relatively fixed size often causes a steric hindrance effect, especially when combining deep brain stimulation (DBS) with LFP recording, which may not always satisfy the aim of researchers. Currently, an increasing number of researchers are designing their own recording electrodes to lower research costs. Nevertheless, there is no simple universal method to produce low-cost recording electrodes with a specific size according to the target brain area. Thus, we developed a simple method for quickly producing low-cost multiple-channel recording electrodes. To inspect the effectiveness of our self-designed electrode, LFPs were recorded in a Parkinson’s disease (PD) rat model, and an electrical stimulation electrode was implanted into the subthalamic nucleus to verify the space-saving ability of the self-designed recording electrode. The results showed that <30 min was needed to prepare an electrode and that the electrode materials cost <5 dollars. Further investigations showed that our electrode successfully recorded the beta oscillations (12–40 Hz) in the PD rat model. Thus, this method will greatly reduce the cost of recording electrodes and save time for researchers. Additionally, the small size of the electrode will further facilitate DBS research.
Invocations of Indigeneity in the Colonial Red/White/Black Triad
Authors: Junker Carsten
Published: June 2020

This essay takes as its assumptive backdrop the “Red/White/Black demographic triad” in the sense of Stam and Shohat that resulted from the European colonial conquest and settlement of, and the transatlantic enslavement of Africans in, the Americas. It homes in on the ambivalent functions and effects of different evocations of Indigeneity in early abolitionist discourse, considering this very discourse as a specific strand of settler colonial knowledge production during the era of the Enlightenment. While Euro-American abolitionists around 1800 centrally and critically focused on relations between the positions marked by “Black” and “White,” they also made recourse to the position of “Red.” Paradigmatic readings highlight that abolitionists mobilized Red as a trope in contradictory ways according to their argumentative needs, substantiating the hegemonic character of White self-referential knowledge practices in the early US republic and abetting the justification of settler colonialism.
Ancient zinc smelting in the Upper and Middle Yangtze River region
Authors: Li Yuniu , Xiao Birui , Juleff Gill , Huang Wan , Li Dadi , Bai Jiujiang
Published: June 2020

Here the authors report on a project that aims to understand zinc-production technologies at the earliest zinc-smelting site in China. Excavations at the site of Linjiangerdui, south of the Yangtze River, have provided a chronological sequence for smelting sites and revealed new evidence for methods of production.
Detection of Concrete Structural Defects Using Impact Echo Based on Deep Networks
Authors: Xu Juncai , Yu Xiong
Published: June 2020

Deep learning is widely used in image processing, which significantly improves the performance of image classification detection. Based on the current status of concrete structure defect detection technology, this experimental study on the detection of concrete structure defects using impact echo was conducted. Focusing on the unsteady features of the impact echo signal, we adopted wavelet transforms at different scales to extract the wavelet spectrum. At the same time, the convolution and subsample operation were combined to establish the recognition system of concrete structure defect detection based on the deep learning network. The research results show that this system can accurately recognize defects in the concrete structure and has high detection accuracy in the concrete structure assessment process.
SHBG levels in primary infertile men: a critical interpretation in clinical practice
Authors: Boeri Luca , Capogrosso Paolo , Cazzaniga Walter , Pozzi Edoardo , Candela Luigi , Belladelli Federico , Oreggia Davide , Ventimiglia Eugenio , Schifano Nicolò , Fallara Giuseppe , Pontillo Marina , Abbate Costantino , Montanari Emanuele , Montorsi Francesco , Salonia Andrea
Published: June 2020

Objective:

We aimed to test the association between age, BMI and sex-hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) in a homogenous cohort of white-European men presenting for primary couple’s infertility.

Design:

Retrospective study.

Methods:

Data from 1547 infertile men were analysed. Health-significant comorbidities were scored with the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). Fasting serum hormones were measured in every patient. Age was considered according to quartile groups (<33, 33-41, >41 years) and BMI as normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (>30 kg/m2). Descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis tested the associations between age, BMI and SHBG.

Results:

Median SHBG levels increased across quartiles of age and decreased along with BMI increases (all P < 0.001). For each year increase in age, SHBG increased 0.32 nmol/L; conversely, for each unit increase in BMI, SHBG decreased by 1.1 nmol/L (all P < 0.001). SHBG levels decline with increasing BMI was greater than SHBG progressive increase with age. Overall, BMI explained 3.0 times more of the variability in SHBG than did ageing. At multivariate linear model, age and BMI were the most significant factors influencing SHBG concentration (all P < 0.001), after accounting for CCI, albumin levels and smoking status.

Conclusions:

We found a wide distribution of SHBG concentrations across age and BMI values in primary infertile men. The association between BMI and lowered SHBG levels seems to be greater than the association of ageing with increased SHBG.
Interleukin-2 drives cortisol secretion in an age-, dose-, and body composition-dependent way
Authors: Roelfsema Ferdinand , Liu Peter Y , Yang Rebecca , Takahashi Paul , Veldhuis Johannes D
Published: June 2020

Background:

Interleukin-2 (IL-2), one of the proinflammatory cytokines, is used in the treatment of certain malignancies. In some studies, transient increases in cortisol and ACTH secretion occurred. Thus, this agent may be used as an experimental probe of adrenal cortisol secretion.

Objective:

This study quantifies the effects of low and moderate doses of IL-2 on cortisol secretion and assesses the modulation by age, dose and body composition.

Site:

Mayo Clinical Translational Research Unit.

Subjects:

Study comprised 35 healthy men, 17 young and 18 older.

Methods:

Randomized prospective double-blind saline-controlled study of IL-2 administration in two doses with concurrent 10-min blood sampling for 24 h.

Outcome measures:

Deconvolution analysis and approximate entropy of cortisol secretion.

Results:

Low-dose IL-2 administration increased nocturnal pulsatile cortisol secretion from 1460 ± 160 to 2120 ± 220 nmol/L/8 h in young subjects and from 1680 ± 105 to 1960 ± 125 nmol/L/8 h (treatment P < 0.0001, but more in young than older, P = 0.02). Comparable results were obtained for total cortisol secretion (P treatment <0.0001, age effect P = 0.005). The higher IL-2 dose caused a large increase in young (P < 0.0001), but not in older (P = 0.90) subjects. This dose also increased approximate entropy from 0.877 ± 0.041 to 1.024 ± 0.049 (P = 0.008), pointing to reduced secretory orderliness. Incremental cortisol (nocturnal) secretion correlated negatively with visceral fat mass (R = −0.41, P = 0.019).

Conclusion:

In healthy men, IL-2 injection drives pulsatile cortisol secretion in a dose-dependent way in young, but not older, individuals and erodes cortisol secretory orderliness at a higher dose in young subjects. Cortisol responses are diminished with increasing abdominal visceral fat mass.
Estimation of the Genome-Wide Mutation Rate and Spectrum in the Archaeal Species Haloferax volcanii
Authors: Kucukyildirim Sibel , Behringer Megan , Williams Emily M , Doak Thomas G , Lynch Michael
Published: June 2020

Organisms adapted to life in extreme habitats (extremophiles) can further our understanding of the mechanisms of genetic stability, particularly replication and repair. Despite the harsh environmental conditions they endure, these extremophiles represent a great deal of the Earth’s biodiversity. Here, for the first time in a member of the archaeal domain, we report a genome-wide assay of spontaneous mutations in the halophilic species Haloferax volcanii using a direct and unbiased method: mutation accumulation experiments combined with deep whole-genome sequencing. H. volcanii is a key model organism not only for the study of halophilicity, but also for archaeal biology in general. Our methods measure the genome-wide rate, spectrum, and spatial distribution of spontaneous mutations. The estimated base substitution rate of 3.15 × 10−10 per site per generation, or 0.0012 per genome per generation, is similar to the value found in mesophilic prokaryotes (optimal growth at ∼20–45°). This study contributes to a comprehensive phylogenetic view of how evolutionary forces and molecular mechanisms shape the rate and molecular spectrum of mutations across the tree of life.
Lietuvos miškų sektoriaus raidos galimybės: esami konkurenciniai pranašumai ir prioritetinės plėtros kryptys
Authors: Gaižutis Algis , Kurtinaitienė Jolita
Published: June 2020

Straipsnio tikslas - glaustai įvertinti Lietuvos miškų sektoriaus dabartinę būklę, jo reikšmę šalies ekonomikai, pagrindinius turimus konkurencinius pranašumus ir tuo remiantis aptarti galimas plėtros kryptis artimiausiam dešimtmečiui. Straipsnio pradžioje apibūdinamas temos aktualumas, miškų sektoriaus vaidmuo Lietuvos ekonomikai, tyrimo metodai, atskirai pristatoma miškininkystės, medienos ir baldų pramonės, medienos energetikos esama būklė. Kitoje straipsnio dalyje aptariami tyrimo metu atliktos sektoriaus analizės dėka išryškėję konkurenciniai pranašumai. Straipsnis baigiamas išvadomis apie ateinančiu dešimtmečiu prioritetines Lietuvos miškų sektoriams verslo plėtros kryptis ir galimybes.
Lietuvos gyventojų santaupos: moterų ir vyrų taupymo elgsenos modeliai
Authors: Rakauskienė Ona Gražina , Bikas Egidijus
Published: June 2020

Straipsnio tikslas - suvokti Lietuvos gyventojų santaupų formavimo procesą, parodyti gyventojų santaupų reikšmę Lietuvos ekonomikai. Siekiant šio tikslo straipsnyje bandoma pateikti Lietuvos gyventojų santaupų formavimosi aspektus - išanalizuoti veiksnius, darančius įtaką taupymo procesui; išryškinti pagrindinius gyventojų taupymo motyvus ir priežastis; išanalizuoti gyventojų santaupų dinamiką ir struktūrą - rūšis ir formas. Naujas aspektas šiame darbe - bandoma išaiškinti Lietuvos moterų ir vyrų taupymo elgsenos skirtybes, kurioms turi įtakos bendras santaupų ir gyventojų investicijų procesas.
Atvykstamojo turizmo Lietuvoje konkurencingumas Baltijos šalių kontekste
Authors: Petrilovskaja Karolina , Miškinis Algirdas
Published: June 2020

Straipsnyje aptariama atvykstamojo turizmo padėtis Lietuvoje, palyginti su kitomis Baltijos šalimis. Remiantis statistikos duomenimis, M. Porterio “Deimanto” modeliu ir užsienio turistų anketine apklausa atlikta atvykstamojo turizmo Lietuvoje konkurencingumo rodiklių analizė. Ji atskleidė, kad Lietuvos turizmo infrastruktūra turi visus būtinus elementus, tačiau jie išplėtoti netolygiai ir nėra suderinti ir daugeliu atžvilgių atsilieka nuo kitų Baltijos šalių.
Trade Credit Decision Making Based on Portfolio Management Approach
Authors: Michalski Grzegorz
Published: June 2020

The basic financial purpose of an enterprise is maximization of its value. Trade credit management should also contribute to realization of this fundamental aim. Many of the current asset management models that are found in financial management literature assume book profit maximization as the basic financial purpose. These book profit-based models could be lacking in what relates to maximization of enterprise value. The enterprise value maximization strategy is executed with a focus on risk and uncertainty. This article presents the consequences that can result from operating risk related to purchasers using payment postponement for goods and I or services. The present article offers a method that uses portfolio management theory to determine the level of accounts receivable in a firm. An increase in the level of accounts receivables in a firm increases both the net working capital and the costs of holding and managing accounts receivables.
Paramos smulkiam ir vidutiniam verslui efektyvumo vertinimas
Authors: Štreimikienė Dalia , Dapkus Rimantas , Šivickas Gintautas
Published: June 2020

Straipsnyje analizuojamos paramos smulkiam ir vidutiniam verslui (SW) efektyvumo vertinimo problemos, pateikiami argumentai, kodėl būtina sukurti paramos SW efektyvumo vertinimo daugiakriterinę metodiką, pagrįstą socialinio, ekonominio ir aplinkosauginio poveikio vertinimu. Straipsnis yra apžvalginio analitinio pobūdžio. Jo tikslas pagrįsti paramos SW vertinimo efektyvumą pagal paramos įtaką darnios plėtros tikslams. Pagrindiniai straipsnio uždaviniai yra suformuluoti paramos SW efektyvumo vertinimo metodologiją, pagrįstą daugiakriterine analize, ir pateikti konkretų šios metodikos taikymo pavyzdį.
Lietuvos aukštojo mokslo finansavimo modelio projekcijos
Authors: Čekanavičius Linas , Grebliauskas Artūras , Miliauskas Giedrius
Published: June 2020

Straipsnis skiriamas itin aktualiai Lietuvos aukštojo mokslo sistemos pertvarkos problematikai, gilesniam žvilgsniui į vieną iš svarbiausių, atraminį šios sistemos elementą - jos finansavimo modelį. Straipsnyje apžvelgiama užsienio šalių aukštojo mokslo finansavimo patirtis ir kaitos tendencijos. Pateikiama išsami kritinė įvairių institucijų siūlomų Lietuvos aukštojo mokslo finansavimo modelių apžvalga, įvertinami jų trūkumai ir pranašumai. Daug dėmesio skiriama aukštojo mokslo sistemos subjektų motyvacijai ir jų derinimosi mechanizmui. Straipsnyje siūlomas ir pagrindžiamas naujas Lietuvos aukštojo mokslo sistemos finansavimo modelis, skatinantis visų suinteresuotųjų - visuomenės (valstybės), aukštųjų mokyklų, studentų ir darbdavių - dalyvavimą gerinant aukštojo mokslo kokybę ir derinant jo paklausą su pasiūla.
Valstybinės taupomosios kasos Lietuvoje XX a. pradžioje
Authors: Jasienė Meilė
Published: June 2020

Valstybinių taupomųjų kasų sistema, jos struktūra, teritorinis kasų išsidėstymas Lietuvoje carinės okupacijos laikotarpiu beveik nėra tirti. Šio straipsnio tikslas - pamėginti atkurti tuo metu veikusių lietuviškosiose gubernijose valstybinių taupomųjų kasų sistemos struktūrą ir apibūdinti jų veiklą panaudojant pagrindinius rodiklius. Tyrimo uždaviniai: išnagrinėti taupomųjų kasų steigimo prielaidas; atkurti tuometės taupomųjų kasų sistemos struktūros vaizdą; apibūdinti taupomųjų kasų sistemą. Objektas - lietuviškųjų gubernijų valstybinės taupomosios kasos XX a. pradžioje. Pateikiami atlikto tyrimo rezultatai gali būti naudingi nagrinėjant Lietuvos kredito institucijų raidą, apskričių, miestų ir miestelių ekonominės plėtros istorines ypatybes.
Bendrojo pardavimo pelningumo kompleksinės analizės metodika
Authors: Mackevičius Jonas , Molienė Ona , Poškaitė Dalia
Published: June 2020

Straipsnyje pateikiama autorių parengta bendrojo pardavimo pelningumo kompleksinės analizės metodika. Ji apima: a) bendrojo pardavimo pelningumo veiksnių analizę; b) bendrojo ir grynojo pardavimo pelningumo ryšio analizę; c) bendrojo ir grynojo pardavimo pelningumo ir mokumo rodiklių ryšio analizę; d) bendrojo ir grynojo pardavimo pelningumo rodiklių vertinimą. Aptarta bendrojo pardavimo pelningumo kompleksinės analizės reikšmė ir jos atlikimo būtinumas siekiant gerų veiklos rezultatų. Bendrojo pardavimo pelningumo veiksnių analizė atlikta naudojant indeksų metodą.
Services Sector in Lithuania: Labour Productivity as a Factor of Growth
Authors: Žemgulienė Jolanta
Published: June 2020

This paper examines the tendencies of Lithuanian services sector’s value added and labour productivity during 1995-2006. Comparative analysis of the average annual labour productivity growth in manufacturing and service industries reveals arguments supporting the W. Baumol’s consideration that there can be sporadic productivity increases in nonprogressive sectors. During 1995-2000, labour productivity growth in services exceeded productivity growth in manufacturing. The paper offers an interpretation of the Verdoom law for empirical regularities of the relationship between the cross-sectorial labour productivity growth rate and the value added growth rate.
Europos Sąjungos biudžeto reforma: ko siekiame?
Authors: Galinienė Birutė , Dikovič Olga
Published: June 2020

Europos Sąjungos (ES) biudžetas yra svarbus Lietuvos ekonomikos augimo variklis ir nemažų lėšų šaltinis. Tačiau keičiantis situacijai Europoje ir visame pasaulyje, turėtų keistis ir Europos prioritetai, kartu ES biudžetas. Ateityje Lietuvos iš Europos Sąjungos gaunamos paramos dydis labiausiai priklausys nuo peržiūrėto ES biudžeto struktūros, jo sudarymo ir išlaidų skirstymo principų. Todėl, nenorėdama likti nuošalyje, Lietuva turėtų aktyviai dalyvauti ES biuždeto peržiūroje ir taip prisidėti prie ateities biudžetų kūrimo. ES biudžeto reforma jau prasidėjo ir šiame reformos etape Lietuvai ir kitoms valstybėms narėms svarbu nuspręsti, kokią Europą norime matyti ateityje, kokiais svarbiausiais principais turėtų būti remiamasi nustatant ES politikos prioritetus ir kaip nauji prioritetai turėtų būti atspindėti Europos Sąjungos biudžeto struktūroje.Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjama ES biudžeto reformos problema, kuri yra aktuali ir Lietuvai, nes neabejotinai turės įtakos šalies ekonomikai ir ūkio plėtrai, apžvelgiama ES biudžeto raida nuo 7965 m. iki šių dienų, analizuojama, kaip keitėsi biudžeto santykinis dydis ir struktūra. Straipsnyje aptariama dabartinio ES biudžeto struktūra ir pagrindžiama šio biudžeto reformos būtinybė. Vienas iš sudėtingiausių ES biudžeto reformos aspektų - skirti ES lėšas ten, kur jos duos realios naudos visai Europai, todėl straipsnyje bandoma išryškinti bendrus principus, kuriais turėtų būti vadovaujamasi vertinant ES politikos prioritetus ir reformuojant ES biudžetą.
Lietuvos vadybinio potencialo būklės ir perspektyvų analizė
Authors: Mackevičius Jonas
Published: June 2020

2007 metų pabaigoje Vilniaus universiteto leidykla išleido Vilniaus universiteto Vadybos katedros vedėjo prof. habil. dr. Albino Marčinsko ir šios katedros doc. dr. Danutos Diskienės monografiją “Lietuvos vadybinis potencialas. Būklė ir perspektyvos”’. Monografiją apsvarstė ir rekomendavo publikuoti Vilniaus universiteto Ekonomikos fakulteto taryba, recenzavo Ekonomikos ir vadybos universiteto prof. habil. dr. Petras Barauskas, Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universiteto prof. habil. dr. Borisas Melnikas ir Lietuvos mokslų akademijos Ekonomikos instituto prof. habil. dr. Edmundas Smilga.
Monetary Union Accession and the Severity of Potential Asymmetric Shocks - the Case of Lithuania and Poland
Authors: Kurach Radosław , Stelmach Jerzy
Published: June 2020

Monetary union accession generates benefits and costs for the entering countries. According to the seminal paper by Mundell (1961), the possible costs are usually associated with the asymmetric shocks that might take place. Under the currency union regime, these asymmetric shocks can be no longer neutralized by the countryspecific monetary policy tools, hence the flexibility of the economy is desirable.In this article, we employ the measure of business cycles correlation proposed by Artis and Zhang (1995) as well as labor market statistics to examine how easy the economies of Lithuania and Poland can adjust to asymmetric shocks in comparison to some other EU countries. Discussing the empirical results, we propose recommendations for economic policy that might help to fulfil the conditions of the Optimum Currency Area.
Does Economic Integration Process Matter for Income Inequality in Central and Eastern European Countries?
Authors: Piotrowska Maria
Published: June 2020

Economic integration can be defined as the expansion of markets from the national to the regional or to the world level. Therefore, two channels of market integration can be determined: regional integration, for instance, within the EU, and globalization. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the economic integration process on differences in income among and within Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs). The hypotheses on 1) the economic integration relevance and 2) the mechanisms through economic integration affecting income inequality are tested with data on 10 CEECs (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Romania) for the 2000-2006 period. An unbalanced panel induces to estimate Random-effects regressions and fixed-effects regressions. The results show that globalization contributed significantly to income inequality among CEECs as well as to the upward trend in income inequality within the societies of these countries, while regional integration with and within the EU did not explain considerably the changes in income distribution over the study period.
Consequences of Some Employment-Related Policies for National Wealth of a Transition Economy
Authors: Kurowski Lech
Published: June 2020

National wealth, understood as a sum of natural capital, produced assets and human resources, plays a growing role in the globalized economy. Wealth at the disposal of the country’s subjects is an important condition for the long-term growth and development of individual countries. In the processes of globalization, the main actors be it multinational corporations or individual countries, are seeking control over those resources to get foothold in the new international division of labour. National wealth is also important for consumption. The feeling of being rich stimulates consumption, spending without bothering about the future. Loss of wealth has the opposite consequences in the longer perspective.Transition processes in Central and Eastern Europe brought about important transfers of wealth among different countries. Improved consumption levels thanks to, among others, unemployment and foreign debt are just some of the consequences of transition. The paper investigates the effects of transition processes on national wealth and speculates about long-term sustainability of the present Polish human resources-related policies.
Development of Real Estate Funds in Europe and Lithuania
Authors: Galinienė Birutė , Bumelytė Junona
Published: June 2020

Due to the growing economy in Lithuania as well its a rapid integration into the European Union and global markets, improvement of the investment process in real estate has been and will continue to be a topic of great interest. The article presents an analysis of the investment process in real estate. It aims at presenting a theoretical and practical evaluation of real estate as an investment object. To this end, the first part of the paper singles out the most important concepts related to real estate, compares real estate with other types of investment, analyses real estate in the investment portfolio. The second part explores the importance of real estate investment funds in order to ensure an efficient and expansive functioning of the investment market in the European Union and to expand the Lithuanian market of investment goods. It also investigates the legal basis and development of real estate funds in the European Union. Lithuanian legislation provided a possibility for real estate funds to operate only at the end of 2007: on 15 November 2007 a new edition of the Law on Collective Investment Undertaking of the Republic of Lithuania was adopted, stipulating a possibility for specialized funds to appear in Lithuania from 1 March 2008.
Modeling of Taxation that Considers Reproduction
Authors: Kravets Tetyana
Published: June 2020

The article considers the modifications of taxation models that define the influence of tax rate on the production growth and the minimal net margin. The aim of the article is to analyse the development of taxation models that combine total tax allocation and value added, remuneration of labour, amortization.The models generalize the introduction of figurers’, heterogeneity and the production function complication, namely the two-factor production function while considering capital and labour is used. As a result, the estimation of the production growth depending on the tax rate was established, the minimal net margin that allows simple reproduction was defined, the total tax allocation frontier was found.A tax rate optimization model that maximizes allocation to the budget was considered. Calculations for Ukrainian macroeconomic data were conducted. Statistic estimations of the model’s main macroeconomic components allow defining the potential level of the economic growth, comparing it with the actual growth, and concluding on the efficiency of the national development model.
The Political Antieconomy of Transformations in CEE Countries
Authors: Gylys Povilas
Published: June 2020

Transformations in CEE countries traditionally are studied in the framework of methodological individualism. As a result, the scope of economic analysis is reduced to the development of the private sector. Thereby, part of economic reality, namely the public sector; is excluded from economic reality. The holistic approach allows to overcome this shortcoming. Holistically perceived transformations encompass the whole economy - both the private and the public sectors. Furthermore, it opens the possibility to widen the scope of investigations by introducing the negative side of transformations in economy as a whole. Conceptualization of this side allows formulating the concept of antieconomy. Introduction of this concept and the extension, development of the political economy tradition give the opportunity to speak about a new direction of scientific explorations - political antieconomy of trasformations.
The Role of Private Health Care Financing in the Central and Eastern European Countries
Authors: Borda Marta
Published: June 2020

The economic transformation process in the central and Eastern European (CEE) countries has included, among others, a thorough reform of the previous, centrally planned health care systems. Consequently, the contemporary health care systems functioning in these countries, despite common directions of changes, vary in the area of detailed aspects. The purpose of the paper is to provide an overview of private sources of the health care financing (including out-of-pocket payments and prepaid plans), which are considered to be an important component of each health care system. In the first part of the paper, the results of comparative analysis of total health expenditure incurred by the CEE countries between 2000 and 2004 are presented in order to indicate the main trends, problems and differences among the analysed states. Next, the main types of private health expenditure are described and their contribution to the health care financing is presented. Finally, voluntary health insurance offered in the Polish market, considered as an additional method of health care financing. is characterized.The obtained results allow to compare and evaluate the range of using private health care funds in the analysed countries during the last few years. Moreover, the results indicate a need for the further development of private methods of health care financing. which in practice can supplement or duplicate health care services delivered by the public sector.
Euro Area Enlargement: Dilemmas and Prospects
Authors: Dulkys Arūnas
Published: June 2020

Almost all member states of the new European Union declared their wish to introduce the euro in the near future. The decision of the European Union institutions concerning Lithuania revealed the peculiarities and problems of the euro area enlargement to the Central and Eastern European countries, which are not easy to explain on a purely economic basis while all of them share the same market, and the economic growth restrictions imposed on them are quite disadvantageous. The article discusses a hypothesis that decision on the expansion of the euro zone is determined not only by fulfilment of the Maastricht criteria, but also by a complex of macroeconomic, institutional and political reasons. This article aims to discuss the problem related to the monetary integration in the Central and Eastern Europe. Of no less importance is the progress in implementing measures provided in the governments’ programmes, convergence programmes and national plans of the euro adoption of the countries. Conclusions and proposals are presented on how the Central and Eastern European states must strengthen the monitoring of the monetary integration under different standpoints and interests of the players in the decision-making process regarding the euro area membership.
El espacio de la marginalidad: Medea en Ovidio y en Séneca
Authors: Álvarez Espinoza Názira
Published: June 2020

El artículo realiza una aproximación desde una perspectiva de género y los estudios geográficos al personaje mítico de Medea en los textos de Ovidio Heroidas y Metamorfosis y la Medea de Séneca. El análisis comprende los conceptos de espacio y marginalidad femenina desde los espacios físicos y simbólicos donde se establecen las relaciones sociales y culturales a partir de las identidades y la ideología en la Roma imperial.
Elementos de la Cábala Zohárica inscritos a través de lo femenino en Todas las piedras del muro, de Laureano Albán
Authors: Campos López Ronald
Published: June 2020

En este artículo se analizan siete poemas de Todas las piedras del muro, del costarricense Laureano Albán. Se fundamenta teóricamente cómo este poemario sería el resultado de las interpretaciones-escrituras-revelaciones de la Tanaj, actualización de la Cábala Zohárica y, por tanto, reflejo de las sefirot. Metodológicamente se clasifican los poemas según las sefirot y se interpretan según la significación cabalística de estas emanaciones. Los poemas estudiados son aquellos en los cuales el sujeto lírico trasvasa específicamente la luz de las sefirot maljut, iesod, hod, tiferet y biná, mediante las figuras femeninas de las tejedoras, la Torá, la amada o hermana espiritual, la peregrina y la madre. Estas materializan los arquetipos de la madre y el anima; al tiempo que evocan los mitos judaicos de la Šejiná, el Génesis, el paraíso y el Mesías.
Heterocentron subtriplinervium (Melastomataceae) – the first report of naturalisation of a potential invasive alien species in Asia from India
Authors: Balan A. P. , Rubi A. J. , Prakashkumar R.
Published: June 2020

Heterocentron subtriplinervium (Link et Otto) A. Braun et C. D. Bouche, a potential invasive alien species is reported here for the first time for Asia from the Western Ghats of India. The plant is probably introduced deliberately into gardens for ornamental purpose from where it escaped and become naturalised in the Western Ghats. This species is a potential weed, which quickly conquers areas wherever introduced displacing the indigenous flora. A detailed description, illustration, photograph and relevant notes are provided for easy identification in the field.
Isolation and taxonomy of the blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), Nostoc and Anabaena in Kerala State, India
Authors: Thilak T. S. , Madhusoodanan P. V. , Pradeep N. S. , Prakashkumar R.
Published: June 2020

Blue-green algae (also called cyanobacteria) are ubiquitous, pristine and pioneer photosynthetic microorganisms. Many species of cyanobacteria are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen and such species in wet soils are simultaneously augmenting the fertility of the soil, acting as natural bio-fertilizers. Nostoc and Anabaena are the two important genera of heterocystous cyanobacteria capable of contributing nitrogen to soil, especially in paddy fields. The major objectives of the investigation included survey, collection, isolation and pure culture of nitrogen-fixing species of Cyanobacteria in the soils of Kerala state, India. Altogether, pure cultures of 12 species of Nostoc and 5 species of Anabaena are prepared.
Spreading to north: naturalisation of Ficus carica (Moraceae) in Hungary
Authors: Wirth T. , Fazekas I. , Schmidt Cs. , Csiky J.
Published: June 2020

Between the years 2015–2018, 147 stands of Ficus carica L. was found out of cultivation in Baranya county. In 2008 presence of fig wasp (Blastophaga psenes L.) and caprificus individuals that are necessary for pollination, then for producing fertile seeds were detected in Pécs at first time. For germination tests fig seeds were collected from several different stands in Pécs and successful reproduction of the species was confirmed under in vitro conditions. According to former and recent observations (i.e. subspontaneous seedlings and/or successful in vitro germination of common fig seeds in 2010 and 2014) fig wasp may have occurred in Budapest and Máriagyűd too, at least in the last ten years. These results confirm that F. carica is an old ‘new’ casual or may be a naturalised neophyte element of the Hungarian flora. According to the new records the northernmost escaped individuals of F. carica was found at 47.475° N in the Carpathian Basin, 116.5 km N of the closest Slovenian stand in the latitudinal direction.
Distribution and chromosome number of Sonchus palustris in Slovakia
Authors: Dudáš M. , Eliáš jun. P. , Letz D. R. , Bártová Z. , Kolarčik V.
Published: June 2020

The distribution of Sonchus palustris in Slovakia was studied using herbarium specimens and literary sources. The herbarium studies, supplemented with targeted field search in the years 2015–2018, revealed 61 new localities and confirmed many other older locations. The species has been recorded in 19 phytogeographical districts and sub-districts of Slovakia. Most of the records are concentrated in the Podunajská nížina lowland in SW Slovakia and in the Ipel'sko-rimavská brázda region in southern Slovakia. Our results showed that the species is relatively common in different types of wetlands and its re-evaluation in the recent version of the Slovak red list is not needed. Chromosome number data for two new populations in eastern Slovakia (both 2n = 18) were counted. The distribution map is given.
Intraspecific phenotypic variability of the herbaceous species Daucus carota (Apiaceae) used for restoration purposes
Authors: Reiker J. , Rühl A. T. , Wissemann V. , Gemeinhülzer B.
Published: June 2020

For restoration purposes nature conservation preferably requests the use of local seed sources based on the “local-is-best” (LIB) approach. However, counter-arguments against this usage are potential benefits by increased variation, which could be beneficial especially in times of global change. We here investigate intraspecific morphological variability of one of the most common herbaceous, insect pollinated and zoochorous plants from seed mixtures used for landscape restoration processes in central Europe, the wild carrot, Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae). Our results show that D. carota features no vegetative but two generative characters that significantly differed among plants originating from seeds of natural (I) and restored (R) sites. We could show that effects of mowing always overlay origin-specific characteristics. The earlier genetic analysis did not support a regional provenance concept for restoration purposes, while slight differences in phenological parameters related to fitness pinpoint to ‘mix and match-admixture provenancing’ as a compromise strategy.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS SISWA SMK PADA MATERI TRIGONOMETRI
Authors: Widiyawati Widiyawati , Septian Ari , Inayah Sarah
Published: June 2020

Kemampuan koneksi matematis merupakan salah satu kemampuan yang sangat penting dan merupakan salah satu standar proses pembelajaran matematika yang dirumuskan oleh NCTM. Apabila siswa tersebut mampu mengaitkan ide-ide yang ada dalam matematika maka pemahaman terhadap matematikanya akan bertahan lama dan semakin mendalam. Begitu pentingnya kemampuan koneksi matematis terhadap suatu pembelajaran, maka dilakukanlah sebuah penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa serta kesalahan apa saja yang sering dilakukan oleh siswa terkait soal koneksi matematis terhadap materi trigonometri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan subjek penelitiannya adalah siswa kelas X OTKP 3 SMK Bunga Persada Cianjur sebanyak 29 orang. Bentuk pengambilan datanya yaitu dengan pemberian soal tes uraian tertulis sebanyak 5 butir soal. Berdasarkan hasil analisisnya, didapatkan bahwa kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa di jenjang sekolah menengah kejuruan (SMK) Bunga Persada Cianjur kelas X OTKP 3  pada materi trigonometri tergolong rendah. Hal ini terlihat dari rata-rata kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa dari setiap indikatornya. Rendahnya kemampuan koneksi matematis tersebut karena ada beberapa kesalahan yang sering dilakukan oleh siswa diantaranya yaitu kesalahan konsep, kesalahan keterampilan komputasi, dan kesalahan interpretasi bahasa.
Managing the Consequences of The Fragmentation of Religious Authority: Lessons Learned From Malaysia and Singapore
Authors: Rahman Fazlul
Published: June 2020

Media infiltration in the Indonesian Muslim community has made the existence of religious authority increasingly fragmented. This fragmentation eventually gave birth to some serious consequences: loss of control to religious symbols, overlapping truth claims and relativization of religious authority. Several recent cases, starting from the mushrooming of Muslim celeb-clerics, cases of criminalization of ulama, bullying the figures of senior ulama on social media, to the politicization of ulama identities in elections, are clear tokens of the consequences. The question is how to manage those consequences of the fragmentation of religious authority? This paper discusses the problem based on a comparative analysis of the data collected during fieldwork in Malaysia and Singapore in 2018. The data was collected by interviewing imams, asatizah, and university professors in both countries as well as Indonesian professors and the grand imam of the Istiqlal Mosque as the complementary. Using the mediatization theory as its theoretical basis, this research found that there are several important arguments to deal with the consequences. As a concluding remark, this paper proposes a formula of maqāṣid -based media ethics as an alternative point of view of an ethical construction of Muslim society’s interaction with media.
Mediating Shari’a and Religious Freedom: The Case of the So-Called False Prophet in Indonesia
Authors: Rochman Afifur
Published: June 2020

Indonesia’s religious blasphemy law has been used to restrict the religious freedom of the so-called false prophet (nabi palsu). The prominent examples are Lia Eden and Ahmad Musadeq, to name but a few. They were previously Muslim and later maintain their prophethood respectively, claiming to be the heir of preceding prophets, most notably within the Abrahamic religions. Referring to this law, both Eden and Musadeq are arrested for the charge of blasphemy against religion. This article seeks to examine the phenomenon of Indonesian prophets from the perspective of Shari’a and human rights to religious freedom in the Indonesian context. Can both Shari’a and the Human Rights accommodate the Indonesian prophethood? This article aims at reconciling the two different viewpoints in favor of the realization of justice and equality regardless of religious identity. The reconciliation I propose implies evaluating permissible restrictions of religious freedom within the Indonesian legal framework that takes religious values into consideration.
Orta Öğretim Öğrencilerinin Okula Aidiyet Düzeyi
Authors: YÜKSEL Zeynep
Published: June 2020

Öğrencilerin okula aidiyet duygusunun gelişmesi, birbirlerine olan bağlılıkları, kendilerini okulda daha mutlu, huzurlu hissetmelerini sağlar. Ayrıca bu durum öğrencilerin akademik, sosyal ve psikolojik gelişimleri açısından oldukça önemli bir role sahiptir. Bu çalışma, Ortaöğretim kurumlarında okuyan öğrencilerin okula aidiyet düzeylerini çeşitli değişkenler açısından değerlendirilmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma, Ankara ve Çankırı’da tesadüfi örneklem yoluyla seçilmiş farklı lise türlerinde öğrenim gören 1817 lise öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında Goodnew tarafından oluşturulan ve Sarı’nın Türkçeye uyarladığı Okula Aidiyet Duygusu Ölçeği (OADÖ) kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması bu çalışmada tekrarlanmıştır. Ölçekten elde edilen verileri değerlendirmek amacıyla Mann Whitney U Testi ve Kruskal Wallis test istatistiği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda öğrencilerin okula aidiyet duygularıyla cinsiyet, lise türü, devam edilen sınıf ve okul tercihi anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaşmaktadır. Bunun yanında okula aidiyet duygusu ile yaşanılan şehir arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Ayrıca okula aidiyet duygu düzeyinin nedenlerini belirlemek amacıyla öğrencilerin 9.,16., ve 17. Sorulara verdikleri cevaplar değerlendirilmiştir. Öğrencilerin OADÖ’den elde ettikleri ortalama değer 3,28 olarak bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin okula aidiyet duygu düzeylerinin ortalama değerin (3.00) üzerinde olduğu ifade edilebilir.