bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical inhaler technique errors in Swedish patients with COPD: a cross-sectional study analysing video-recorded demonstrations
Authors: Sulku Johanna , Bröms Kristina , Högman Marieann , Janson Christer , Lisspers Karin , Malinovschi Andrei , Melhus Håkan , Ställberg Björn , Nielsen Elisabet I.
Published: February 2021

A correct use of inhaler devices is essential in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment. Critical errors were studied by analysing 659 video-recorded demonstrations of inhaler technique from 364 COPD patients using six different inhaler device models. The majority of the included patients used two (55%) or more (20%) device models. Overall, 66% of the patients made ≥1 critical error with at least one device model. The corresponding numbers for patients using 1, 2 and ≥3 device models were 43%, 70% and 86%, respectively. The only factor associated with making ≥1 critical error was simultaneous use of two (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) 3.17, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.81, 5.64) or three or more (aOR 8.97, 95% CI 3.93, 22.1) device models. In conclusion, the proportion of patients making critical errors in inhaler technique was substantial, particularly in those using several different device models. To obtain optimal COPD treatment, it is important to assess a patient’s inhaler technique and to minimise the number of inhaler device models.
Prolonged activation of innate immune pathways by a polyvalent STING agonist
Authors: Li Suxin , Luo Min , Wang Zhaohui , Feng Qiang , Wilhelm Jonathan , Wang Xu , Li Wei , Wang Jian , Cholka Agnieszka , Fu Yang-xin , Sumer Baran D. , Yu Hongtao , Gao Jinming
Published: February 2021

The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein that is a target of therapeutics for infectious diseases and cancer. However, early-phase clinical trials of small-molecule STING agonists have shown limited antitumour efficacy and dose-limiting toxicity. Here, we show that a polyvalent STING agonist—a pH-sensitive polymer bearing a seven-membered ring with a tertiary amine (PC7A)—activates innate-immunity pathways through the polymer-induced formation of STING–PC7A condensates. In contrast to the natural STING ligand 2′,3′-cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP), PC7A stimulates the prolonged production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by binding to a non-competitive STING surface site that is distinct from the cGAMP binding pocket. PC7A induces antitumour responses that are dependent on STING expression and CD8+ T-cell activity, and the combination of PC7A and cGAMP led to synergistic therapeutic outcomes (including the activation of cGAMP-resistant STING variants) in mice bearing subcutaneous tumours and in resected human tumours and lymph nodes. The activation of the STING pathway through polymer-induced STING condensation may offer new therapeutic opportunities.
Relevance of pathogenicity prediction tools in human RYR1 variants of unknown significance
Authors: Hoppe Kerstin , Jurkat-Rott Karin , Kranepuhl Stefanie , Wearing Scott , Heiderich Sebastian , Merlak Sonja , Klingler Werner
Published: February 2021

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic disorder of skeletal muscle metabolism characterized by generalized muscle rigidity, increased body temperature, rhabdomyolysis, hyperkalemia and severe metabolic acidosis. The underlying mechanism of MH involves excessive Ca2+ release from myotubes via the ryanodine receptor type 1 (RYR1) and the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel (CACNA1S). As more than 300 variants of unknown significance have been detected to date, we examined whether freely available pathogenicity prediction tools are able to detect relevant MH causing variants. In this diagnostic accuracy study, blood samples from 235 individuals with a history of a clinical malignant hyperthermia or their close relatives were genetically screened for RYR1 variants of all 106 RYR1 exons and additionally for known variants of CACNA1S. In vitro contracture tests were conducted on muscle biopsies obtained from all individuals, independently of whether a pathogenic variant, a variant of unknown significance or no variant was detected. Comparisons were made to three established bioinformatic pathogenicity detection tools to identify the clinical impact of the variants of unknown significance. All detected genetic variants were tested for pathogenicity by three in silico approaches and compared to the in vitro contracture test. Sensitivity and specificity of exon screening of all individuals listed in our MH database was analyzed. Exon screening identified 97 (41%) of the 235 individuals as carriers of pathogenic variants. Variants of unknown significance were detected in 21 individuals. Variants of unknown significance were subdivided into 19 malignant-hyperthermia-susceptible individuals and 2 non-malignant-hyperthermia-susceptible individuals. All pathogenic variants as well as the malignant-hyperthermia-suspectible variants were correctly identified by the bioinformatic prediction tools. Sensitivity of in silico approaches ranged between 0.71 and 0.98 (Polyphen 0.94 [CI 95% 0.75; 0.99]; Sift 0.98 [CI 95% 0.81; 0.99]; MutationTaster 0.92 [CI 95% 0.75; 0.99]). Specificity differed depending on the used tool (Polphen 0.98 [CI 95% 0.32; 0.99]; Sift 0.98 [CI 95% 0.32; 0.99]; MutationTaster 0.00 [CI 95% 0.00; 0.60]). All pathogenic variants and variants of unknown significance were scored as probably damaging in individuals, demonstrating a high sensitivity. Specificity was very low in one of the three tested programs. However, due to potential genotype–phenotype discordance, bioinformatic prediction tools are currently of limited value in diagnosing pathogenicity of MH-susceptible variants.
Synthesis and characterization of Ag@AgCl-reinforced cellulose composites with enhanced antibacterial and photocatalytic degradation properties
Authors: Dong Yan-Yan , Zhu Ya-Hong , Ma Ming-Guo , Liu Qi , He Wen-Qing
Published: February 2021

In the present work, Ag@AgCl-reinforced cellulose composites with enhanced antibacterial and photocatalytic degradation properties were successfully synthesized via oil bath heating method. During the process, zinc chloride (ZnCl2) solution was used as both Cl− resource to form AgCl and the solvent to dissolve cellulose. The samples were synthesized with different temperatures, times, and concentrations of ZnCl2 solution. The morphology, microstructure and phase of the as-prepared samples were analyzed with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photocatalytic activity studies and inhibition zone experiments. Results showed that dye solution could be completely degraded by the materials in 1 h, and higher concentrations of ZnCl2 solution favored for larger inhibition zones (higher to 10.8 mm). This synthetic strategy displayed here offers more possibilities to high value-added applications of cellulose.
Acute monoarthritis in young children: comparing the characteristics of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis versus septic and undifferentiated arthritis
Authors: Thomas Marion , Bonacorsi Stephane , Simon Anne-Laure , Mallet Cindy , Lorrot Mathie , Faye Albert , Dingulu Glory , Caseris Marion , Boneca Ivo Gomperts , Aupiais Camille , Meinzer Ulrich
Published: February 2021

Acute arthritis is a common cause of consultation in pediatric emergency wards. Arthritis can be caused by juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), septic (SA) or remain undetermined (UA). In young children, SA is mainly caused by Kingella kingae (KK), a hard to grow bacteria leading generally to a mild clinical and biological form of SA. An early accurate diagnosis between KK-SA and early-onset JIA is essential to provide appropriate treatment and follow-up. The aim of this work was to compare clinical and biological characteristics, length of hospital stays, duration of intravenous (IV) antibiotics exposure and use of invasive surgical management of patients under 6 years of age hospitalized for acute monoarthritis with a final diagnosis of JIA, SA or UA. We retrospectively analyzed data from < 6-year-old children, hospitalized at a French tertiary center for acute mono-arthritis, who underwent a joint aspiration. Non-parametric tests were performed to compare children with JIA, SA or UA. Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied with threshold for significance at 0.025. Among the 196 included patients, 110 (56.1%) had SA, 20 (10.2%) had JIA and 66 (33.7%) had UA. Patients with JIA were older when compared to SA (2.7 years [1.8–3.6] versus 1.4 [1.1–2.1], p < 0.001). Presence of fever was not different between JIA and SA or UA. White blood cells in serum were lower in JIA (11.2 × 109/L [10–13.6]) when compared to SA (13.2 × 109/L [11–16.6]), p = 0.01. In synovial fluid leucocytes were higher in SA 105.5 × 103 cells/mm3 [46–211] compared to JIA and UA (42 × 103 cells/mm3 [6.4–59.2] and 7.29 × 103 cells/mm3 [2.1–72] respectively), p < 0.001. Intravenous antibiotics were administered to 95% of children with JIA, 100% of patients with SA, and 95.4% of UA. Arthrotomy-lavage was performed in 66.7% of patients with JIA, 79.6% of patients with SA, and 71.1% of patients with UA. In children less than 6 years of age with acute mono-arthritis, the clinical and biological parameters currently used do not reliably differentiate between JIA, AS and UA. JIA subgroups that present a diagnostic problem at the onset of monoarthritis before the age of 6 years, are oligoarticular JIA and systemic JIA with hip arthritis. The development of new biomarkers will be required to distinguish JIA and AS caused by Kingellakingae in these patients.
The correct way to test the hypothesis that racial categorization is a byproduct of an evolved alliance-tracking capacity
Authors: Pietraszewski David
Published: February 2021

The project of identifying the cognitive mechanisms or information-processing functions that cause people to categorize others by their race is one of the longest-standing and socially-impactful scientific issues in all of the behavioral sciences. This paper addresses a critical issue with one of the few hypotheses in this area that has thus far been successful—the alliance hypothesis of race—which had predicted a set of experimental circumstances that appeared to selectively target and modify people’s implicit categorization of others by their race. Here, we will show why the evidence put forward in favor of this hypothesis was not in fact evidence in support of the hypothesis, contrary to common understanding. We will then provide the necessary and crucial tests of the hypothesis in the context of conflictual alliances, determining if the predictions of the alliance hypothesis of racial categorization in fact hold up to experimental scrutiny. When adequately tested, we find that indeed categorization by race is selectively reduced when crossed with membership in antagonistic alliances—the very pattern predicted by the alliance hypothesis. This finding provides direct experimental evidence that the human mind treats race as proxy for alliance membership, implying that racial categorization does not reflect attention to physical features per se, but rather to social relationships.
Transcriptome analysis of the procession from chronic pancreatitis to pancreatic cancer and metastatic pancreatic cancer
Authors: Tu Jihao , Huang Zhehao , Wang Yin , Wang Meijing , Yin Zukun , Mei Xianglin , Li Meiying , Li Lisha
Published: February 2021

Exploring the underlying mechanisms of cancer development is useful for cancer treatment. In this paper, we analyzed the transcriptome profiles from the human normal pancreas, pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer and metastatic pancreatic cancer to study the intricate associations among pancreatic cancer progression. We clustered the transcriptome data, and analyzed the differential expressed genes. WGCNA was applied to construct co-expression networks and detect important modules. Importantly we selected the module in a different way. As the pancreatic disease deteriorates, the number of differentially expressed genes increases. The gene networks of T cells and interferon are upregulated in stages. In conclusion, the network-based study provides gradually activated gene networks in the disease progression of pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and metastatic pancreatic cancer. It may contribute to the rational design of anti-cancer drugs.
Author Correction: A nanocomposite hydrogel with catalytic properties for trace-element detection in real-world samples
Authors: Bertolacci Laura , Valentini Paola , Pompa Pier Paolo
Published: February 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: 18F-THK5351 PET imaging in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy: associations with core domains and diagnostic certainty
Authors: Hsu Jung-Lung , Chen Shih-Hsin , Hsiao Ing-Tsung , Lu Chin-Song , Yen Tzu-Chen , Okamura Nobuyuki , Lin Kun-Ju , Weng Yi-Hsin
Published: February 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Using amyloid autofluorescence as a biomarker for lysozyme aggregation inhibition
Authors: Jesus Catarina S. H. , Soares Helder T. , Piedade Ana P. , Cortes Luísa , Serpa Carlos
Published: February 2021

Inhibition of lysozyme amyloid formation by means of inhibitors tartrazine and amaranth is assessed quantitatively based on the autofluorescence emission of aggregates in the blue spectral region.
Tailoring the stoichiometry of C3N4 nanosheets under electron beam irradiation
Authors: Mendes Rafael G. , Ta Huy Q. , Yang Xiaoqin , Bachmatiuk Alicja , Praus Petr , Mamakhel Aref , Iversen Bo B. , Su Ren , Gemming Thomas , Rümmeli Mark H.
Published: February 2021

The stoichiometry of g-C3N4 tailored by electron beam irradiation. The data show degradation of g-C3N4 with preferential removal of N species over C species and that inelastic scattering events dominate over elastic events.
Formaldehyde in multicomponent reactions
Authors: Liu Changhui , Huang Wenbo , Zhang Jiahao , Rao Zhonghao , Gu Yanlong , Jérôme François
Published: February 2021

Formaldehyde was used as a versatile C1 building block to forge either acyclic or heterocyclic molecules via multicomponent reactions with the potential to be more sustainable than lengthier alternatives.
A mixed valence state Mo-based metal–organic framework from photoactivation as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate
Authors: Chen Zhengyi , Su Linjing , Ma Xionghui , Duan Zhenhua , Xiong Yuhao
Published: February 2021

In this work, a facile method for a mixed valence state Mo-base metal-organic framework from photo activation (UV Mo-MOF) was proposed and employed as a SERS substrates with molecule enrichment property.
Red-fluorescent graphene quantum dots from guava leaf as a turn-off probe for sensing aqueous Hg(ii)
Authors: Khose Rahul V. , Chakraborty Goutam , Bondarde Mahesh P. , Wadekar Pravin H. , Ray Alok K. , Some Surajit
Published: February 2021

In this work, we have prepared red-fluorescent graphene quantum dots and utilized as a highly selective and sensitive fluorescence turn-off probe for detection of the toxic metal ion Hg2+ from guava leaf extract.
Discourse Analysis of Humor After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Keegan Louise C. , Suger Caitlin , Togher Leanne
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Individuals with cognitive communication difficulties after traumatic brain injury (TBI) often experience difficulties with social communication. Humor is a sociolinguistic skill that requires social, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral skills and, when used effectively, may serve to enhance one's social relationships. There is a paucity of research related to the use of humor in individuals with TBI. This study categorizes humor use in individuals with cognitive communication difficulties after TBI and examines the linguistic construction of these humorous exchanges.

Method

The humorous exchanges of nine individuals who had cognitive communication difficulties after a moderate-to-severe TBI were examined. Conversations were collected from a community-based communication skills group, categorized using thematic analysis methods, and examined linguistically using the discourse analysis tools of systemic functional linguistics.

Results

All participants demonstrated the ability to use a variety of categories of humor, and discourse analysis methods revealed humor use as a strength for engaging with others. Examples of such engagement include use of humor to elicit attention, assert authority, share information, acknowledge shared difficulties, and demonstrate affiliation toward their communication partners.

Conclusions

Discourse analysis of humor can provide speech-language pathologists with important information about the linguistic strengths of individuals with cognitive communication difficulties. This has important implications for clinical service provision.
Student Perspectives on the Role of Peer Support Following Concussion: Development of the SUCCESS Peer Mentoring Program
Authors: O'Brien Katy H. , Wallace Tracey , Kemp Amy
Published: February 2021

Purpose

College students with concussion are often ill-equipped to manage their health and learning needs, and college campuses are slow to react. We present the development of a peer mentoring program for college students with concussion: Success in College after Concussion with Effective Student Supports (SUCCESS), focusing on the process by which student needs and preferences drove development of the program for testing.

Method

Principles of person-centered design were used to guide program development, engaging stakeholders at each stage of development and resulting in the intervention package presented to student participants here. A series of interviews and focus groups with 11 students with concussion addressed student needs after concussion, student perceptions of the role of peers in recovery, and feedback on program development.

Results

Findings indicate students have limited knowledge about concussion, and concussion impacts extend beyond school, although students are most concerned about their studies. Students reported struggling to communicate with professors and find resources on campus to aid in their reentry to learning. Regarding peer mentoring, students report benefiting from hearing about other's successes and sharing personal narratives of injury and recovery. Students reported high acceptability of a peer mentoring program, both for psychosocial support and access to resources.

Conclusions

College students with concussion have unmet needs as they return to learn. The SUCCESS peer mentoring program is highly acceptable to students, who report that they would expect such a program to be engaging and to meet their needs. The program's impact on student academic and psychosocial outcomes should be investigated through comparative efficacy trials.
Data‐driven parameter tuning for rational feedforward controller: Achieving optimal estimation via instrumental variable
Authors: Huang Weicai , Yang Kaiming , Zhu Yu , Lu Sen
Published: February 2021

Feedforward control has been widely used to improve the tracking performance of precision motion systems. This paper develops a new data‐driven feedforward tuning approach associated with rational basis functions. The aim is to obtain the global optimum with optimal estimation accuracy. First, the instrumental variable is employed to ensure the unbiased estimation of the global optimum. Then, the optimal instrumental variable which leads to the highest estimation accuracy is derived, and a new refined instrumental variable method is exploited to estimate the optimal instrumental variable. Moreover, the estimation accuracy of the optimal parameter is further improved through the proposed parameter updating law. Simulations are conducted to test the parameter estimation accuracy of the proposed approach, and it is demonstrated that the global optimum is unbiasedly estimated with optimal parameter estimation accuracy in terms of variance with the proposed approach. Experiments are performed and the results validate the excellent performance of the proposed approach for varying tasks.
Low‐offset differential output switched‐capacitor interface for micro‐capacitive acceleration sensors
Authors: Tirupathi Rakesh , Kar Sougata Kumar
Published: February 2021

This paper presents two simple but effective switched capacitor based differential output capacitive sensor interfaces, designed and fabricated in United Microelectronics Corporation 180 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process technology. The first configuration combines chopper modulation and switched capacitor based correlated double sampling, while the second configuration utilises chopper modulation with a modified demodulation scheme to reduce noise and offset. The proposed designs utilise a fully differential operational amplifier (op‐amp) with single‐feedback loop, which reduces the mismatch between the single‐ended outputs in the differential configuration. The proposed configurations are analysed in perspective of noise to achieve high accuracy with less noise and integrated with supporting circuitry. The fabricated application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is first characterised with the internal on‐chip capacitors and then integrated with micro‐electro‐mechanical systems (MEMS) based differential capacitive accelerometer sensor on a printed circuit board (PCB) for dynamic testing. The integrated PCB and a commercially available accelerometer (ADXL335) is mounted on a sub‐woofer system and the dynamic testing is carried out. The measurement results show that the sensor interface is capable of measuring sub‐fF capacitance change with zero offset less than 2 mV. The first configuration provides sensitivity of 720 mV/g, whereas the second configuration attains sensitivity of 385 mV/g. The noise floors are 400 , 325 , whereas the capacitance resolutions are 70 and 60 aF, respectively.
Analysis on the trend and characteristics of electricity consumption growth in Shaoxing
Authors: Gaoqi Dai , Haifeng Lin , Yongjian Zhang , Liyu Xia
Published: February 2021

This article studies the current situation and development trend of electricity consumption in Shaoxing from the perspectives of electricity consumption in the whole society, industrial electricity consumption, and urban and rural residents' daily life electricity consumption. Compared with the average electricity consumption of the whole country, Zhejiang Province and various regions, we analyze power consumption trends and structural characteristics of Shaoxing
Biomass based porous carbon for supercapacitor by hydrothermal assisted activating method
Authors: Huang Congcong , Dong Yunhui , Dong Xingjun
Published: February 2021

A facile route has been employed to synthesize a series of high performance activated carbons as the electrode material for supercapacitors. The structure of the carbons are characterized by N2adsorption/desorption and FTIR spectroscopy. The electrochemical performances of the carbons as an electrode material were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry test and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements. As a biomass derived carbon, KOH-1 exhibits high capacity, good rate capability and high energy density, indicating the promising application of hydrothermal combining with KOH activation method for biomass materials that used in supercapacitors
Current status and development trends of efficient oil production testing technology
Authors: Kun Ning , Gang Yu , Lingyu Mu , Xi Wu
Published: February 2021

Oil production testing is a critical tool to understand reservoir properties and well producibility. The development of oil production testing technology in China has mainly gone through three phases: conventional oil production testing phase, oil production testing phase, and integrated oil production testing phase. Currently, domestic and overseas oilfields are still adopting the traditional oil production testing method, which contains plenty of repetitive processes that cost longer operating time, higher operating cost, formation damage caused by excessive high-density fluid, and many other shortcomings. Also, the difficulties of oil production testing in the deep and ultra-deep well under HPHT conditions are significant. Analyzing the development trend of oil production testing, there are two main topics identified: oil production testing for separated layer via one trip string and Pad-free oil production testing method. The oil production testing for separated layer via one trip string was developed for testing formations where lamination and thin layers are presented and causing interference among the testing layers. The Pad-free oil production testing methodology was developed for testing wells that fail to obtain reservoir fluid properties due to the formation damage caused by a high fluid density pad.

This paper is aiming to summarize and analyze the most advanced oil production testing technology worldwide and innovations had been made to the oil production testing field, hopefully inspired researchers to develop possible future uses and further improvements in efficiency. Facing the challenges of low gas prices, only continuous innovation in technology and the upgradation of tools and equipment can achieve the goal of improving quality and increasing efficiency.
Investigation of Axial Flux In-Wheel Motor Performances Based on Multiphysics Analysis
Authors: DOU Haishi , ZHANG Youtong , LI Tao , AI Qiang
Published: February 2021

The axial flux with amorphous alloy stators has the virtues of high power density, high torque density, compact structure. But specific to the disadvantage of restricted space of in-wheel, the compact axial flux in-wheel motor was proposed in this paper. The in-wheel motor’s performance affects the dynamic and security of electric vehicles directly. And the electromagnetic loss has a significant impact on in-wheel motor performance. To demonstrate the influence of electromagnetic loss on the thermal behavior of the machine, thermal analyses employing magneto-thermal coupling simulations have been performed. Then the experimental prototype was manufactured and tested. The simulation of the output power model was verified by test value, proving that the magneto-thermal coupling simulation is feasible. Therefore, this design technique provides a reference for the in-wheel motor structure.
Cost-benefit evaluation of different low NOx combustors of natural gas boilers in Beijing
Authors: Zuo Penglai , Liang Quanming , Wang Chenlong , Gao Jiajia , Yue Tao , Jing Peng , Tong Li
Published: February 2021

This study focuses on establishing a cost-benefit evaluation model of low NOx combustion technology and the environmental benefits and economic benefits evaluation of technology operation were carried out as well. Results showed that: (1) The operation cost per unit calorific supply of the low NOx combustor with larger capacity (14 MW) boilers was 1.5-2.1 yuan/GJ, which was 22.3% to 26.2% as much as that of boilers with smaller capacity (0.7 MW). Compared with scattered boilers with smaller capacity, it is more economical to use boilers with larger capacity for centralized heating. (2) The lower the NOx emission concentration was, the greater the NOx emission reduction was. Furthermore, the lower the NOx emission benefits of low NOx combustor per unit calorific supply was, the greater the economic benefit of NOx reduction per unit calorific supply was. Based on the environmental and economic benefits analysis, the lean premixed combustor is recommended for natural gas boilers with capacity of 7 MW and below, and flue gas recirculation combustor (FGR-30) could be selected for natural gas boilers with capacity above 7 MW to achieve the NOx retrofits requirements of 30 mg/m3 or 80 mg/m3.
Construction and application of reservoir development measure benefit evaluation system
Authors: Han Dan , Zhang Debin
Published: February 2021

The reservoir passes the peak of reserves.The reserves of new investment and development are decreasing year by year. The reserve resources are insufficient. Some of the main development units have entered the stage of secondary or tertiary oil recovery. The dependence of stable oil and gas production on measure production increases continuously. Under this background, the workload of oil well measures increases year by year. It is difficult to control the operation cost of measures. As a result, the overall economic benefits of oilfield enterprises have been declining year by year.The cost of ineffective measures has become an important factor restricting the economic development of oilfields. Through the construction of measures benefit evaluation system.Strengthen the controllability and predictability of each stage of implementation. Special attention should be paid to the pre control management of high cost wells and the transformation of production mode of low efficiency wells. Strictly follow the "ex ante argument, adjustment in matters, and post evaluation optimization" measures to run the management mode. Realize the reasonable allocation of workload and cost, and improve the effective rate of return of funds.
A comprehensive evaluation method for the security situation of distributed power supply in distribution network
Authors: Wu Bo
Published: February 2021

In order to study the influence of distributed power access on the security state of distribution network, a comprehensive evaluation method for the security state of distribution network including distributed power access was proposed.Based on the output model and load model of photovoltaic power supply, the security situation assessment index system of distributed power supply access distribution network is established. Then combined with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method, the composite weight of each index is obtained, and the combined weight is optimized based on chi-square distance. Finally, the evaluation method based on ER algorithm (Evidential Reasoning) is proposed. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.
Optimization of Marine Medium Speed Diesel Engine Performance based on Multi-Injector System
Authors: Liu Dai , Guo Yingzhu , Liu Long , Xia Qian , Gui Yong
Published: February 2021

Multi-injector system is potential to improve thermal efficiency and NOx emission of diesel engine at the same time. In order to optimize the combustion and emission of Marine medium speed diesel engine, the engine combustion with a multi-injector system is simulated and analyzed by CFD software Converge. In this research, two injectors are installed at the side of the cylinder head while the central injector is maintained. Various injection directions of side injectors and injection strategies of multi-injector system are simulated to optimize the fuel spray and combustion. The analysis results show that the spray angle of the side injector plays a key role for effective thermal efficiency improvement, since complex spray jet-jet interaction and spray impingement may deteriorate the combustion if the arrangement of spray angle was not set properly. Once the fuel injection direction has been optimized, the fuel ratio of the three injectors is optimized and improved the effective thermal efficiency with lower NOx emission. The results show that the two side injectors could increase the fuel injection rate into the cylinder, leading to high brake power and consequently increased the thermal efficiency by 1.26% and decreased the NOx emission by 16% for the best optimization.
The flow and heat performance of tree-like network heat sink with diverging–converging channel
Authors: Zhu Xiugen , Qian Peng , Huang Zizhen , Luo Chengyuan , Liu Minghou
Published: February 2021

A tree-like network heat sink with diverging–converging channel is designed, and effect of flow rate, channel diverging-converging angles on the flow and heat dissipation performance of the tree-like network heat sink is analysed and compared by numerical simulation. Results show that the diverging– converging angle of 2° can reduce the pressure drop by 14% when inlet mass flow rate is 0.00499kg/s. And the maximum temperature, the temperature difference between the maximum and minimum of the heat sink increases by 0.63K and 0.92K respectively. As the diverging-converging angle increases to 4°, however, it only reduces the pressure drop by 13% and can not bring more pressure drop due to formation of flow recirculation inside the tree-like network heat sink channel. Therefore, the diverging–converging fractal micro-channel heat sink with 2° has good heat dissipation performance with obvious lower pumping power.
Telluride Te2I: Electronic properties of one-dimensional atomic chains structure
Authors: Wei Biaohua , Han Xu
Published: February 2021

Semiconductor tellurium is an excellent performance material, tellurium and its compounds have been extensive researched in the low-dimensional field. Inspired by the synthesis of a one-dimensional tellurium atomic chains, we predict a new one-dimensional Te2I single-atomic chain structure based on firstprinciples. Using first-principles calculations, Te2I single-atomic chain has an exfoliated energy of 137.95 meV, suggesting that the exfoliation of atomic chains materials from the bulk phase could be feasible. The single-atomic chain structure is an indirect band gap semiconductor with a band gap of 1.51 eV. In addition, its dynamic and thermodynamic properties indicate that the structure is stable at room temperature. Remarkably, it exhibits good electronic conductivity and a large difference in electron and hole mobilities, indicating that it is favorable for the migration and separation of photogenerated carriers. The absorption spectrum of one-dimensional Te2I single-atomic chain exhibits a strong light-harvesting ability in the ultraviolet region, suggesting its potential application in optoelectronic devices
High Quality NLM Method for Medium Voltage Hybrid Bridge MMC
Authors: Jiaxiong YE , Jikang WANG , Yuanquan PENG , Xinming FAN , Yijun LIU
Published: February 2021

Medium voltage hybrid bridge multilevel converter (MMC) usually has a lower number of links. Therefore, the traditional Nearest Level Modulation (NLM) method has the problems of low equivalent switching frequency and poor output quality. And the traditional Carrier Phase-shifted Pulse Width Modulation (CPS-PWM) modulation has problems such as difficulty in hybrid bridge control, difficulty in redundant configuration, and large amount of calculation. In response to the above problems, this paper proposes a new high-quality NLM method. Based on the traditional NLM modulation method, PWM modulation output and module voltage equalization are realized through the time difference between one module input and one module exit in each control cycle. It achieves the purpose of improving the equivalent switching frequency and output power quality, and at the same time has the advantages of the traditional NLM modulation method with small calculation amount, redundant configuration and hybrid bridge modulation. This article describes the three modulation methods and compares their effects. Finally, the theoretical analysis is verified by PSCAD simulation.
Macro and micro analysis on deformation characteristics of fine sand under different groundwater table change
Authors: Huang Tianrong , Lu Yaoru , Wang Xuefeng , Fu Qiushi , Wang Yu , Chen Yuanzhao
Published: February 2021

By using the samples of fine sand in Shanghai’s seventh layer, creep tests were performed to investigate the deformation characteristics of fine sand under different groundwater table change. It was revealed that the creep of fine sand is closely related to groundwater table change: when the effective force caused by groundwater table change is smaller than pre-consolidation force, the deformation is mainly elastic. When effective force caused by groundwater table change is bigger than pre-consolidation force, the compression deformation is large and the rebound is small; and the deformation is mainly viscoelastic plastic when equal to pre-consolidation stress. Through the scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis it was found that creep of fine sand is dominated by the slip of particles, not by the breaking of particles. And the fine sand particles are squeezed under the load induced by the groundwater table change, and the particles slide along the indirect contact surface of the particles, resulting in the continuous adjustment of position and relative displacement. Mercury injection test shows that the pore size distribution of fine sand has little change before and after the test.
The Study on hydrothermal synthesis of ZrO2 nanofibers under different conditions
Authors: Xu Lingna , Cheng Yifan , Chen Tianen , Mao Rong , Han Zhong
Published: February 2021

Nano-ZrO2 has a high atomic active surface and is used as catalyst carrier. The traditional method of preparing ZrO2 nanofibers is electrostatic spinning, which has the problems of high cost and high equipment requirements. In order to solve the shortcomings of traditional preparation methods and prepare excellent ZrO2 nanofibers, a series of ZrO2 nanofibers were prepared based on hydrothermal method by changing the types of reactants, the ratio of reactants to organic additives, solvents, reaction time and other relevant parameters, to explore the growth mechanism of ZrO2 nanofibers, providing a new idea for the preparation of ZrO2 nanofibers on the active surface of altiplano.
Current situations and advice of supervision of mandatory national standards for water efficiency in China
Authors: Yu-bo Zhang , Jie Yang , Ling Lin , Hong-ying Hu , Xue Bai , Linlin Tantai
Published: February 2021

China has issued eight mandatory national standards so far to regulate the water efficiency of household products. The State Administration for Market Regulation performs national spot checks yearly on products qualities, which includes water efficiency, meantime it required market regulation bureaucracies of regional levels to strengthen inspection of energy and water efficiency labels from 2019. However, those two levels of inspection neither focus on water efficiency standards nor cover all eight categories of products. Furthermore, there is still space to improve in term of supervision effectiveness, efficiency and database management. For those reasons, this article aims to clarify the deficiencies and propose corresponding advice on the supervision system.
Research on Protection and Utilization Strategies of cultural Resources in Traditional Villages of Tourism Development
Authors: Luo Yiqing , Wang Donghua , Wen Haiqiao
Published: February 2021

Pailou Village which is the hometown of Song Yingxing, who is the author of Tien-kung K’ai-wu, is taken as the research object in this paper. From the perspective of tourism development of traditional villages, the types of cultural resources in Pailou Village are summarized through combing the content of existing cultural resources. Then the value of its cultural resources is analyzed from three aspects: history and culture, art and society, tourism and economy. Therefore, the development path of the integration of culture and tourism is proposed, from five aspects of project positioning, industrial format, tourism planning, supporting facilities and smart tourism, the strategy of improving the tourism competitiveness of Pailou Village are summarized in this paper, which provides a theoretical reference for the sustainable development of traditional village tourism.
Research on charging strategy of electric vehicle considering user and load curve
Authors: Jun Wang , Xincong Li , Minhao Xia , Lin Xu , Bing Wang
Published: February 2021

With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, the disordered charging of large-scale electric vehicles will have a great impact on the safe operation of regional distribution network. In order to solve the security problems that may occur in the power grid, this paper uses the time-sharing pricing time division method for EV charging to meet the needs of EV users. Based on this method, a multi-objective optimization model is established, which takes the electric vehicle charging capacity and power as the constraints, and based on the minimum user charging cost and the minimum load curve variance. Then, the model is solved by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA -Ⅱ), and the optimal compromise solution is extracted by using fuzzy set theory. Finally, the correctness of the proposed model is verified by the example.
Research on optimization of single well testing workload and efficiency
Authors: Hong Pan
Published: February 2021

With the enlargement of production scale and the increase of survey and adjustment work, the mismatch between test requirement and test capability becomes more and more serious. In order to further control the test cost and improve the efficiency of survey and adjustment, according to the characteristics of the peripheral oil reservoirs and sections, differential management of survey and adjustment cycle and effective methods of matching injection points are actively carried out, on the basis of satisfying the development requirements and smooth operation of various indexes, solve the mismatch between test requirements and test capabilities. By analyzing the use cycle of test data under different conditions, the type of wells with extended use cycle is determined, which can effectively reduce the need of test work under the condition that the separate layer water injection is qualified. The distribution rules of different sizes of nozzles are statistically analyzed, and the selection rules of nozzles in special layers are made clear in advance to improve the debugging efficiency of injection allocation point.
Does R&D input matter the impact of financial resources allocation on green production in china’s energy sectors
Authors: Qu Zhengyu , Liu Tiansen , Zhu Yue
Published: February 2021

Corporate financial resources are always a tool to support their greenization. This paper investigates whether R&D input inspires financial resources allocation to better promote green production in China’s energy sectors because of their pillar status to national industrial layout, significant impacts on climate change, and distinctive governance structure. By investigating 254 firm-year observations of China’s energy sectors, we find that their R&D input (including funds and personnel inputs) is at a low level, and it has not improved green production. While R&D input can help release the allocation pressure of financial resources (including asset impairment, shareholders equity, and tax structure) in green production and shows a robust role of the two R&D indicators. Our theoretical model helps directly link financial resources allocation and greenization, and empirical results suggest exploring more transmission paths to address cask effects of resources allocation for climate-friendly operations in heavy-polluting sectors especially in emerging markets.
Seismic Design Load for Multi-Story Steel Frames Composed of Expanded Sections
Authors: Xiang Xiang Wu
Published: February 2021

The steel frames, which are composed of expanded-section columns and beams, have bigger moment-resisting capacity and better structural stability. So that they are broadly applied in multi-story structures in low to medium seismic zones. However, the section is likely to local buckling due to its expanded sections, which decreases the structure ductility. To support its application, how to determine the horizontal seismic design load is studied here.
Study on Strategies of Optimizing Service Contact for New Rural Waste Classification System
Authors: Ningna Sun , yue Peng
Published: February 2021

This paper studied the rural waste classification system to find out practical strategies to optimize service encounter involved in rural waste classification system. It identified and analyzed the encounter points affecting each link of service and user experience. The paper proposed to construct service procedures to simplify waste classification service in an effort to provide guided services accessible to villagers, optimize collaborative services aiming at accurate delivery, offer incentives to village households for accurate waste classification and give instructions on the blueprint of services.
The role and progress of EIA in environmental protection in China
Authors: Wu Yingying
Published: February 2021

The Environmental Impact Assessment system, referred to as the EIA system, is to evaluate the impact of the implementation of the plan or the construction and operation of the project on the environment, combine the surrounding environmental quality status, propose ecological or environmental protection measures,then evaluate the effectiveness of the measures, and draw a conclusion on the feasibility of the project(planning) in terms of environmental protection.This article summarizes the role and progress in environmental protection in the two aspects of planning and construction projects in recent years.Comprehensively selected cases found that both planning or construction project environmental assessment have played an important role in predicting the possible impact of planning or construction projects on the environment and ecology, and proposed feasible and effective environmental protection measures.After the planning or construction project adopts the conclusions and suggestions, as long as the "Three Simultaneous" regulations are followed, the impact of the planning or construction project on the environment or ecology can be prevented or effectively reduced. When it is necessary to conduct postevaluation of environmental impact, verify the actual conditions of the construction project, such as emissions and actual production processes.
Research on the Impact of Environmental Regulations on the Carbon Emissions of Heavy Pollution Industries
Authors: Shang Mei , Chen Degui
Published: February 2021

Based on the panel data of 18 heavy polluting industries from 34 industrial industries in my country as samples, empirical analysis of the impact of environmental regulations, energy structure, enterprise scale, corporate competitiveness, and technological innovation on carbon emissions of heavy polluting industries. And by constructing a dynamic GMM model to analyze the lag effect of environmental regulations on carbon emissions. The results show that: environmental regulations have a significant negative effect on carbon emissions, and the previous environmental regulations have a restraining effect on carbon emissions in the current period; energy structure will increase carbon emissions; technological innovation, enterprise scale, corporate competitiveness, etc. affect carbon emissions Has a negatively significant effect.
The Path of Financial Institutions to Develop Green Finance to Support the Conversion of New and Old Kinetic Energy in Shandong Province
Authors: Jincheng Sui , Jingyun Liu , Jiaxiu Zhao
Published: February 2021

Green finance, as an important driving force and support for economic development, has been playing an irreplaceable role since Shandong province began to build comprehensive pilot zones for the conversion of old and new driving forces. In order to further explore the financial institutions to develop green financial support to the realization of the old and the new kinetic energy conversion path, release more potential to help financial institutions and the function, this article system combing the preliminary results of old and new kinetic energy conversion in Shandong province, and the green credit, as a typical example of green finance, its action mechanism were analysed, the result shows that the enterprise’s development and mutual restriction relations between green finance. Based on this, this paper puts forward the proposed path for financial institutions to develop green finance to support the transformation of old and new driving forces in Shandong Province.