bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NT PROBNP'S Prognostic Value Among Patients of Covid-19 without Heart Failure
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Waqas Muhammad , Razzaq Hira , Choudhry Saud Javed , Arshad Nahal , Nazeer Nouman
Published: July 2022

Objective: If Nt Pro BNP's prognostic value increased the mortality rate and hospitalization of covid-19 patients. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration: Tehsil Headquarter Hospital Minchinabad. April 2021-Dec 2021. Methods: This research included 85 patients of both sexes with ages 18-65 years had coronavirus disease. After obtaining informed written permission, demographic data such as age, gender, height, weight, and place of residence were collected on all recruited participants. Comorbidities among all cases were assessed. NT proBNP> 88.64 pg/mL was considered as high and low was NT-proBNP≤88.64 pg/mL. Hospitalization and death rate among all cases were calculated. Results: There were 52 (61.2%) males and 33 (38.8%) females among all cases. The mean age of the enrolled cases was 55.7±17.76 years and had mean BMI 26.4±11.44 kg/m2. Hypertension was found in 35 (41.2%), chronic pulmonary disease in 20 (23.5%) cases, diabetes mellitus in 18 (21.2%) cases and 12 (14.1%) patients had chronic heart disease. Among 85 cases, 49 (57.6%) patients had high NT proBNP> 88.64 pg/mL and 36 (42.3%) patients had NT-proBNP≤88.64 pg/mL. We found higher level of CRP, creatinine and urea among patients of higher Nt ProBNP's value. Mortality in patients of higher Nt ProBNP's was found among 20 (40.8%) cases and no any death case found among patients of lower Nt ProBNP's value. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that increase in Nt ProBNP's value among patients of coronavirus cause higher number of deaths. Keywords: Covid-19, HTN, Nt ProBNP, Mortality
Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) in Helicobacter Pylori Infection Patients: A Recent Study
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Mutaal , Ayub Muhammad Muaz , Saeed Muhammad Hasan , Tahir Muhammad Moiz , Tahir Muhammad Ali , Tahir Noor
Published: July 2022

Objective: The study's goal is to find out how common iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is among those who have helicobacter pylori infection. Study Design: Cross-sectional/prospective study Place and Duration: Study was conducted at BHU 28 GB Jaranwala within duration of Aug 2021-Feb 2022. Methods: In all, there were 95 patients of all sexes, ranging in age from 20 to 70. Detailed information about each patient's background and current residence was obtained through informed written permission from each one. It was found that every patient in this research had helicobacter pylori infection. Blood samples from the individuals were tested for serum iron, transferrin saturation, ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity. It is possible to identify H. pylori infection by the use of urea breath tests, stool antigen testing, fast urease testing, or histopathology. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze all of the data in the study. Results: Among 95 patients, 57 (60%) were females and 38 (40%) were males. Mean age of the patients 33.41±8.44 years with mean BMI 25.09±7.31 kg/m2. Most of the cases were illiterate and were from rural areas. 55 (57.9%) cases had poor socio-economic status. Mean Hemoglobin level was 12.1±3.11 (g/dl) mean serum iron level was 49.5±8.31 (ug/dl) and mean serum ferritin level was 121.6±31.56 (ng per ml).Frequency of iron deficiency anemia was found in 40 (42.1%) patients. Conclusion: According to our findings, a substantial increase in iron deficiency anaemia was seen in helicobacter pylori-infected adults, the majority of whom were female. Keywords: H.pylori infection, Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)
Efficacy of Reamed Intelocking Nail in the Management of Closed Tibal Shaft Fractures
Authors: . Fatima , Rauf Fatima , Nawaz Sobia , Busharat Muhammad Adeem
Published: July 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of reamed interlocking nails in the treatment of closed tibal shaft fractures. Study Design: The Observational and Descriptive study Place and Duration: Allied Hospital Faisalabad / Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur.Jun 2018-Dec 2018. Material and Methods: A total of 130 patients, both sexes, were included in this analysis. Enrollees were between the ages of 18 and 60. After obtaining written agreement, the demographic information of registered patients was gathered and stored in a database. A reamed interlocking nail was used to repair tibial shaft fractures in patients brought to the emergency room. Postoperatively, the length of time it took to achieve union and the frequency of problems were also evaluated. During the course of 14 months, all of the patients' follow-ups were completed. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: Included patients had mean age 30.4±5.41 years and had mean BMI 23.13±8.51 kg/m2. Majority were males in this study. Most common cause of fracture was road traffic accident. In our study mean time of union among simple fractures were 11.53±14.61 weeks and mean union time of segmental fractures were 19.3±9.20 weeks. Among 130 cases, frequency of non-union fractures were 10 (7.7%), union fractures were 90 (69.2%) and delayed union were 30 (23.1%). Conclusion: A reamed interlocking nail was the most successful and safest treatment for closed tibal shaft fractures, according to this study. A total of 92.3% of the participants in this study were able to successfully consummate their unions. Keywords: Union, Tibial shaft fractures, Interlocking nail
Frequency of Measles-Infected Pneumonia in Chilren and Infants
Authors: Ayub Muhammad Muaz , Tahir Muhammad Mutaal , Saeed Muhammad Hasan , Tahir Muhammad Moiz , Tahir Noor , Tahir Muhammad Ali
Published: July 2022

Objective: Measles-related pneumonia in children and newborns is the primary goal of this research. Study Design: Cross-sectional Place and Duration: Conducted at BHU 399 GB Tandlianwala in duration of July 2021-Jan 2022. Methods: This research covered a total of 125 patients, including children and newborns of both sexes. Children under the age of seven were present. After receiving official permission from the authorities, the demographics, height, and weight of the patients were recorded. Those who had been diagnosed with measles were brought in. All patients' symptoms and frequency of pneumonia were evaluated. SPSS 24.0 version was used to analyze all of the data. Results: Majority were 70 (56%) children and there were 55 (44%) infants. Among 125 patients, 75 (60%) were males and 50 (40%) were females. Majority had birth weight <3kg. Severity of measles was found among 55 (44%) patients. Frequency of vaccination was found among 29 (23.2%) cases. Pneumonia was found in 77 (61.6%) cases. Conclusion: In this research, we found a considerably high frequency of measles-infected pneumonia. Patients with low socioeconomic position had a lower vaccination status, which contributed to the problem. It can be prevented by educating parents about the need of vaccinations. Keywords: Prevalence, Measles, Infants, Pneumonia, Children
Prevalence of Epilepsy with Autosomal Recessive Intellectual Disability in Consanguineous Families
Authors: . Usmanullah , Bazai Ajmal Khan , Kakar Abdul Wadood , Hanif Muhammad , Ramzan Shazia , Khan Jamshed
Published: July 2022

Background: Intellectual disability (I.D) is the limitation of cognitive impairment and decreased ability of learning of a person. It is a type of neurological genetic disease, which results in incomplete or retarded/ arrested development of the brain. I.D is one of the most common health problem worldwide. These patients have decreased intellectual functions and at least limitation in their two adoptive skills such as writing or reading abilities, communication ability and self-care etc. While epilepsy is a neurodevelopment disease presented as abrupt & episodic recurrence of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness or convulsions, related with the abnormality of electrical activities in the brain. Epilepsy is an illness of CNS that result in abnormal brain activity, causing periods of unusual behavior or seizures, loss of awareness, and sometimes sensations. Methods: This study was done from April 2014 to February 2016. The inclusion criteria for these patients were consanguineous families with two or more than two effected persons. All the I.D patients and their families were interviewed one by one. Blood samples were collected under hygienic method. Each patient were examined thoroughly and noted the points with the help of different proformas. Collected blood collection were stored in laboratory. After DNA extraction ,PCR was done. After extraction exome sequencing process used to find the pathogenic /effected variants. CATCH used for the analyzed of data. Sanger Sequencing was applied to note the segregation. Results: In ID-family1 the variant of AP4B1 was segregated with the disease phenotype. Mutation in AP4B1 is known to cause intellectual disability. In ID-family2 the variants of WDR62, EML2 and KCNK6 were co-segregated with diseased phenotype. But only changes in WDR62 which is known as a cause of intellectual disability. These patients also have symptoms of epilepsy. In ID-family3 exome sequencing data reveal no putative variants. Conclusion: This study was done in three consanguineous families to determine the responsible mutant genes for the disorder of intellectual disability. Their Exome sequencing showed putative mutations in AP4B1 and WDR62 in two out of three families. In third family we could not locate any putative mutation. Keywords: Epilepsy, Intellectual disability, Autosomal recessive disorders, Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic intellectual disability, Seizures, Neurological, Behavioral Abnormality, Central Nervous System, Electroencephalogram.
Incidence and Frequency Rate of Cardiac Pacemaker Insertions in an Ageing Population
Authors: Khan Asad , Iftekhar Malik Faisal , Shahid Muhammad , Kamran Muhammad , Tashfeen Muhammad Bin , Mustafa Bilal
Published: July 2022

Objective:The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence and frequency rate of cardiac pacemaker insertions in an ageing population. Study Design:Observational study Place and Duration: Conducted at Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar during from March, 2019 to August, 2019. Methods: There were 210 patients of both genders had ages >20 years were presented in this study. All the included patients had cardiovascular disease were hospitalized.After obtaining informed written permission, the demographics of enrolled patients included age, sex, BMI, comorbidities, education status, and place of residence.Incidence of cardiac pacemaker insertions among cases was determined. Frequency of PPM among all cases was recorded among sex and different age groups. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze all data. Results:In our study, males were higher in numbers 130 (61.9%) than females 80 (38.1%). Included patients had mean age 71.8±11.56 years with mean BMI 25.4±11.42 kg/m2. There were 170 (80.9%) patients married and 150 (71.4%) cases were from urban areas. We found HTN was the most common comorbidity followed by diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. We found that incidence rate of pace maker (PM) among patients with ages >75 years were higher found in 115 (54.8%) cases. Frequency of double chamber and triple chamber pacing was found in 98 (46.7%) cases. Frequency of cardiac resynchronization defibrillator was found in 120 (57.1%) cases. Conclusion:We concluded thatageing has a direct impact on the need for cardiac pacing, resulting in increased rates of incidence and prevalence. A growing number of elderly people will require electrophysiology and pacing services. Keywords:Cardiac Pace Maker, Cardiovascular disease, Comorbidities, Old Age
Acute Trauma Coagulopathy: Prevalence and Outcome in Trauma Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department SMBB Trauma Centre, Civil Hospital Karachi
Authors: Ashraf Fariha , Ibrahim Mohammad Faisal , Feroz Rabia , Wasey Abdul , Khanum Rabia
Published: July 2022

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of Acute Trauma Coagulopathy (ATC) in severely injured patients presenting to the emergency department of SMBB Trauma Centre of Civil Hospital Karachi and to investigate its impact on these patient's outcome. Early recognition using initial coagulation profile (PT/APTT) accompanied by adequate management of ATC and prevention of bleeding may substantially reduce mortality and improve outcomes in severely injured patients in resource limited environments. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in Surgical unit 4, Dr Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil hospital Karachi from 27th July 2019 to 28th January 2020. After approval from Research and Evaluation Unit of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, 80 patients aged between 14 to 60 years with injury severity score more than 15 were enrolled using non probability consecutive sampling technique and their coagulation profile (PT, APTT and INR) was done at presentation and followed for in hospital mortality. Data was collected and analyzed using SPSS 24. Results: In our study total 80 patients were enrolled, the mean age of patients was 27.28±12.18. Trauma coagulopathy was present in 12.5% patients. In hospital mortality was found to be 16.3%. The in hospital mortality was compared in patients with coagulopathy and patients without coagulopathy and p value was significant 0.00. Data stratification was significant for age with p value 0.016. Data stratification for gender, mode of injury, mechanism of injury, amount of fluid given at presentation and injury severity score was not significant. Conclusion: A significant number of trauma patients suffer from Acute Trauma Coagulopathy at presentation which is associated with increased risk of mortality. Keywords: Acute trauma, trauma coagulopathy, Age, Mortality
Comparison of Rosuvastatin Versus Atorvastatin on Lipid Lowering Effectiveness in Hyperlipidemic Patients
Authors: Atiq Usama , Rafique Rameen , Baig Fahd Karamat , Murtaza Arslan , Atiq Sami , Tehreem Eesha
Published: July 2022

Hyperlipidaemia is the utmost important factors influencing coronary heart disease. Statins are supposed to be the 1st line of drug in clinical exercise for lowering low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol and increasing HDL cholesterol. This study was held for the comparison of the safety and efficacy of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in lowering hyperlipidaemia among hyperlipidemic patients. Study Design: A prospective observational study. Place and Duration: In the Medicine department of Mayo hospital, Lahore for three-months duration from 15th March 2021 to 15th June 2021. Methods: This study comprised 90 patients with newly diagnosed hyperlipidaemia divided into two groups containing equal number of patients in both. Patients prescribed 10 mg of atorvastatin in Group A and 5 mg of rosuvastatin in Group B once daily for 6 weeks by the treating doctor of medicine. The data was saved in a personalized proforma format, and the SPSS 20.0 was used for analysis. Results: Serum total cholesterol decreased significantly afterwards the treatment with the rosuvastatin and atorvastatin groups (p <0.00001, correspondingly), but no significant variance (p = 0.510) noticed among the both groups treated with statins. The decrease in serum triglycerides was also significant (p = 0.0006 in the rosuvastatin group and p = 0.042 in the atorvastatin group) but the comparable difference in lowering hyperlipidemia was no significant among the both groups (p = 0.309). Similarly, LDL-C serum levels were significantly reduced in both groups (p <0.00001) but no statistically significant variance (p = 0.756) noticed among the two groups in terms of efficacy. Conclusion: No substantial changes in serum HDL levels were observed. The difference among the both groups was not significant (p = 0.731). This analysis = shows that both rosuvastatin and atorvastatin improved the lipid profile, but no changes were seen significantly among the both groups. Keywords: Hyperlipidemia, Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin.
SF3B1 as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Factor in Iraqi Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Abdullah Iqbal Muaafi , Taher Yaseen M. , Alwan Alaa Fadhel , Al-Ani Mohammed Maaruf
Published: July 2022

An appropriate prognostic marker is crucial to evade cancer for a better prognosis and better life outcome and to raise the survival rate. The genesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia has been linked to mutations in specific genes, such as SF3B1. A high rate of splicing factor 3 B1 mutation (SF3B1mut) has been linked to poor prognosis or treatment sensitivity in some forms of cancer.Thirty patients were grouped according to the first diagnosis, the staging of the CLL, follow-up examinations to measure their exposure to Rituximab after 3-6 months of treatment, and to the excluding criteria another Thirty healthy volunteers age and gender-matched were utilized as a control group.The mean age between study and control groups was (61.0 ± 10.7 vs. 59.8 ± 9.7 years); also, the male to female ratio was 2:1 in the control and CLL group, with no significant difference between both groups. Stage II was the most common type of CLL (53.3%), followed by III (35%) and stage IV (10%).SF3b1 was shown to be negative in all study groups, both (after ; before chemotherapy) and control group. Keywords: SF3B1,CLL,SF3B1mut
Nursing Students' Perception of Wearing Mask and Taking Coronavirus Vaccines
Authors: Mohammed Saeed Sameerah , Jubouri Mohammed Baqer Al-
Published: July 2022

Background: The World Health Organization was declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. As a result, to keep the coronavirus under control, protective technique like face covering is required. Vaccination, on the other hand, is regarded as a preventative and effective measure. As nursing students play an important role in the future of nursing, their perception regarding wearing mask and taking vaccine can be crucial in preventive measures regarding COVID-19. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the perception of nursing students’ regarding wearing mask and coronavirus vaccines. Design: A descriptive correlational design was used to guide this study. Settings and Participants: A total of 255 undergraduate nursing students in six colleges of nursing at six different universities in Iraq were selected by convenience sampling. All participants were invited to complete the questionnaire through Google Form from February 14, 2022 to February 24, 2022. Methods: The sampling method was applied in this study using a non-probability purposive method. Data were collected using an online questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics and 32 items about the Face Mask Perception Scale and 11 items about VAC-COVID-19 scale. Results: The results indicated that the majority of students had a positive perception of wearing facial masks (n = 210; 82.4%). The study results also displayed that less than a half had an unsound perception of coronavirus vaccine (n = 123; 48.2%), followed by those who had somewhat sound perception (n = 120; 47.1%), and those who had sound perception (n = 12; 4.7%). Conclusions: As future nurses, nursing students can play a critical role in educating patients about COVID-19 risks and benefits. Findings suggested that nursing students need to consider vaccine concerns and provide vaccine development education. Keywords: Covid-19; Coronavirus Vaccines; Face Masks Wearing; Nursing Students.
Effectiveness of a Diet Exercise Educational Program on Patient's Knowledge to Prevent Coronary Artery Disease Progression After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Ameer Halla F. Abdul- , Khuder Khalida M.
Published: July 2022

Background: While COVID-19 continues to claim the lives of more than 5 million people each year, cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused the death of over 186 million people each year. Coronary heart disease (CHD), CVD, rheumatic heart disease, and other heart and blood vessel problems are all classified as CVDs. In 2019, CVDs were responsible for 38 percent of the 17million premature deaths produced by non-communicable diseases (before the age of 70). Lifestyle threats such as cigarette smoking, poor diet and obesity, lack of physical activity, and alcoholism can all be avoided (WHO, 2021). Aims: To assess the patient's levels of knowledge about the effects of exercises and diet to prevent coronary artery disease progression after percutaneous coronary intervention, To find out the relationship between patients’ knowledge with their selected demographic variables (age, gender, education level, occupational status, and marital status), and to Find out the association between patients’ knowledge concerning diet and exercise after the application of the educational program in the post-test period. Methodology: Pre-experimental design (one group pretest-posttest) A non-probability (purposive) sample of 35 patients. The study started from November 2021 to May 2022. Result: The majority of CAD patients are males with age 48 and above, married, secondary school graduates, and housewives. More than half of the study sample had risk factors for coronary artery disease, except for the patient's own smoking. Patients with coronary artery disease had a low degree of knowledge about healthy lifestyles before beginning the educational program. A significant improvement in patients’ knowledge regarding healthy lifestyles after giving them the educational program, and there is no relationship between patients' knowledge and socio-demographic characteristics with the exception of gender. Conclusion: A significant improvement in patient’s knowledge regarding healthy lifestyles after giving them the educational program Keywords: Diet, Exercise, Coronary artery disease, percutaneous coronary intervention
Compersion of Sensitivity and Specificity of Sars COV-2 Rapid Antigen Test with RT-PCR
Authors: Ullah Kaleem , Ullah Tahir , Atta Aniqa , Saba Noor , Hafeez Abdul , . Abdullah , Noor Salih , Rehman Aziz Ur
Published: July 2022

Background: To diagnose SARS-CoV2 highly sensitive and specific test is required to reduce cost-effect and turnaround time in resource constrained setting. Current study was design to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the Rapid antigen test in compression with gold standard RT-PCR. Material and methods: It was comparative cross sectional study conducted at Hayat Medical Complex hospital Peshawar Pakistan within duration of six month (February-July, 2021). All those patients who were suspecting for covid-19 infection regardless of their age and gender were included. Patients, who were unwilling to give data were excluded. Total eighty samples were collected to compare Rapid antigen test with RT-PCR. Statistical tool (SPSS 22) was used for Independent T-test and crossable. Result: In 40 RT-PCR positive sample 34 were true positive by RAT and 6 samples were false negative. While in total 40 RT-PCR negative samples 38 were true negative by RAT and 2 were undetermined. The overall sensitivity of the RAT was 85% (CI; 95%) and specificity was 100% (CI; 95%) and value of independent T test were t (39%) = -14.866, p=0.001. Conclusion: In current study, 6 samples were false negative by Rapid antigen test with mean CT value of 27(viral load 29692 copies/ml). The sensitivity of RAT is dependent on CT value of RT-PCR (viral load) it had better detect viral antigen with CT value < 23 (samples having viral load ≥ 50x103). Hence Rapid antigen test show higher specificity with lower value of sensitivity and recommended as screening test not as diagnostic test. Keyword: SARS COV-2, RT-PCR, Rapid Antigen Test, COVID-19
Humidified High Flow Nasal Cannula (HHFNC) Therapy in Critically Ill Children: Nation-Wide Survey
Authors: Abrar Saira , Masood Shaikh Ali , Haq Anwarul , Rathore Heera Nand , Jamal Syed Qutub
Published: July 2022

Objective: To determine the experience regarding current practices of HHFNC in terms of techniques uses, indications and complications among severely ill children. Material and methods: This prospective online survey was conducted to examine current HHFNC practice in neonatal and paediatric intensive care units of the Pakistan. There was no agreement in this survey on how to define HFNC in paediatric patients or how to establish or alter flow. An online questionnaire was used for data collection to assess the current HHFNC practice in Pakistan. The survey questionnaire was based on information regarding the hospital, HHFNC use, indications, and the consequences. Furthermore, questions were raised about individual practice and whether or not HHFNC had been established as a safe therapeutic intervention. If a respondent, such as a physician, nurse or the resident had used HHFNC before, additional questions have been asked concerning the indications for usage and the weaning procedure. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Results: The response was received from 204 physicians and nurses. Majority of responders 85% has experienced to used HFNC. 63% of the responders have been using HFNC for more than 3 years. Acute respiratory failure was considered a good indication for HFNC by all 193(95%). Many Physicians used HFNC initiation and weaning protocol. According to the complications the abdominal distension was experienced by 9.8% preteritions, followed by nasal mucosal by 29.4%, irritability 19.16% and Pneumothorax/Barotrauma experienced by 22.5% of the pediatricians, while sedation have experienced while on HFNC by the 15.2% of the participants. According to respondent’s experience the 89% of the parents were satisfied with the use of HFNC and 98.5% of physicians recommended to other colleagues. Conclusions: As per study conclusion this survey presented the first national assessment of the increasing usage of HFNC as a source of oxygen for children, with HFNC being largely acknowledged as a noninvasive and safe technique. There were a variety of indicators. This was the first national review of HFNC's expanding usage in paediatric critical care. Keywords: Pediatric ICU, HHFNC, indication, complications, satisfaction
Cytoprotective Effects of Pancreatic Cells of Interleukin 1 Inhibitors (DIACEREIN) on Glucose Homeostasis and Beta Cell in Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Memon Roomi , Memon Shagufta , Memon Farzana , Noor Naila , Shaikh Kiran , Kazi Bushra Sajid
Published: July 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the pancreatic cells regeneration with interleukin 1 inhibitor drugs (diacerein) of natural source. Material & Methods: This experimental study was conducted at the Isra University animal house in which 60 albino rats were divided into 4 subgroups of 10 in each. Experimental group of them given alloxan and induced diabetes. interleukin 1 inhibitor (diacerein) was given to 2 experimental groups, diabetic experimental C and D respectively, in dosages of 30 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg for 21 days. After the completion of the experiment, rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The pancreas of rats was removed and set in 10% formalin for fixation after being washed with normal saline. For appropriate fixation, the slides were placed on a hot plate. Hematoxylin and eosin were used to stain the slides, and under the light microscope, stained slides were examined. The study proforma was used to document all of the data. Results: Diabetic rats showed sustained hyperglycemia, total destruction of beta cells histologically. However, diabetic group rats showed degenerative changes of the pancreatic characterized by ultra-structural changes, shrinkage of beta islet cells, and showing RBCs and fibrosis of regions of endocrine glandular epithelial cells. Beta cells were showing mild regeneration with proliferative changes in the beta cells of islets as well as dilatation of ducts seen in treated groups with interleukin 1 inhibitor with lab findings of improving to euglycemic levels. Conclusions: Pancreatic tissue of diabetic rats showed ultra-structural changes and regeneration, as well as reduction in inflammatory markers as well as obvious effects on D.M., hence would be used as a cheap, safe drug to control and reduce the oxidative injury of pancreatic cells and its regenerative effects. Keywords: Diacerein, interleukin 1 inhibitor, regeneration of pancreas hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus
Nurses' Knowledge Toward Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Machine at Respiratory Isolation Unit
Authors: Ali Bareq Hussein , Abdulwahhab Musaab Majid
Published: July 2022

Background: For patients with coronavirus disease(COVID-19), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been considered as a useful treatment. The goal of CPAP therapy is to enhance oxygenation, relieve breathing muscle strain, and maybe avoid intubation. If applied in a medical ward with a multidisciplinary approach, CPAP has the potential to reduce the burden on intensive care units. Methods: Cross-sectional design was conducted in the ALSHEFAA center for crises in Baghdad. Questionnaire filled by 80 nurses who work in Respiratory Isolation Unit who had chosen by non-probability (purposive) selection collected the data. Then the researcher used an observational checklist to evaluate nurses’ practice. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS. Results: the study found a deficit in nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding using of continues positive airway pressure machine for COVID patients Conclusion: The nurses in this study lacked sufficient knowledge and had a low practice regarding using of continues positive airway pressure machine for COVID patients Recommendations: Special education programs should be carried out for the medical staff and specifically for the nurses who are working in the RCU, to raise their awareness toward using of CPAP machine during infecting with COVID and prevent its complication and how to prevent and manage it. Practice guidelines should be defined and implemented. Keywords: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure\ Knowledge\ Respiratory Isolation Unit
Application of Self-Care Behaviour Scale for Arterio Venous Fistula Among Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Ghazi Ihab Nadhir , Mohammed Widad Kamil
Published: July 2022

Objectives: To evaluate self-care behavior for Arterio Venous Fistula among Hemodialysis Patients Methods: Descriptive research was carried out using a scale to assess the self-care habits of dialysis patients with CKD. The study was conducted on (5) teaching hospitals in Baghdad City from the Artificial Kidney Centers divided into three Health Directorate: Results: Result show that the highest evaluation rate for Item(No.3) I do compression of puncture sites with the fingers (hemostasis). in the rate of RS%(70.72)rated fair self-care behaviors" While the lowest evaluation rate for item No. 25 (I shave the hairs on the fistula arm( in the rate of RS% (31.44)rated Poor self-care behavior. Majority of patients in this study experienced with a fair level of knowledge regarding self-care behaviors of AV fistula 425 (85.0%). Conclusions: Majority of patients in this study experienced with a fair level of knowledge regarding self-care behaviors of AV fistula. Keyword: Self-Care, Behavior Scale, Arteriovenous Fistula
Influence of Psychosocial Problems on Healthy Life Style Among Pregnant Women
Authors: Obaid Sanaa Hussain , Ebraheim Nuha Adel
Published: July 2022

Because of its combined influence on the fetus/newborn and the mother, maternal mental health is an important public health concern around the world. This study was a descriptive study (quantitative design) that was conducted among pregnant women in Baghdad city. It comprised 150 pregnant women who attended the hospital. The data was collected utilizing the specified questionnaire after validity and reliability were assessed by (12) experts, as well as the structured interview technique with persons who were individually interviewed. The findings indicated that social problem affect pregnant women of various ages and education, The frequency of previous abortions was associated with an increase in psychosocial difficulties such as social problems. It was concluded that psychosocial issues during pregnancy could have an impact on the mother's lifestyle and behavior. Keywords: pregnant women, social problem, life style
Assessment of Nurses' knowledge about Neonatal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Nasal Injuries at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Helal Ali Jawad Hameed , Mohammed Zahid Jasim , Aziz Afifa Radha
Published: July 2022

Background: One of the most unpleasant and painful NCPAP related complication is the risk of nasal skin breakdown. It commonly occurs on areas under high pressure of nasal interface, mostly on the nasal bridge but can take place at any area under pressure of mask or prong which are used to connect the ventilation system to the patient’s nose. Objective: Evaluation of nurses' knowledge about Neonatal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Nasal Injuries at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Methodology: A Descriptive cross-sectional study, quantitative research has been carried throughout the present study to evaluate their management about nasal injury related to CPAP at neonates’ intensive care units in hospitals of Medical City director in Baghdad and it examined the type of relationship between variables. During the period from 3rd October 2021 to 15th May 2022. Results of the study: Results that observed responses of high evaluated generally assigned, and they are accounted 27(81.82%) items, while leftover items were a assigned moderate evaluation 5(15.15%), and low evaluation 1(3.03%). Conclusion: In concerning nursing management about neonatal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) nasal injuries at neonatal intensive care unit are assigned at the established level in which that achieving goal of this study. Recommendations: Training courses to increase nurses' knowledge and practices about working on the continuous positive air pressure device. Keywords: Nurses' Knowledge, Neonatal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), Nasal Injuries, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
Self-efficacy for Critical Care Nurses in Al-Muthanna Governorate
Authors: Naeem Fouad Salam , Jasim Aqeel Habeeb
Published: July 2022

Objectives: To assess the level of self-efficacy of critical care nurses at Al- Muthanna governorate hospitals. Methods: The Self-efficacy of Critical Care Nurses in Al-Muthanna governorate were measured using a descriptive analytic design. A non-probability, purposeful sample of 95 nurses who work in hospital ICU and CCU units (Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital and Al-Khader General Hospital and Rumaitha General Hospital and Al-Shahid Youssef Najm Hospital). The data for this study were analyzed with SPSS 26 (version) to get the results. Results: self-efficacy among nurses; the mean scores indicate moderate to high self-efficacy in which the items 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8 show moderate level while items 1, 4, 5, 7, 9, and 10 show high level. 55.2% of nurses are showing moderate level of self-efficacy while 43.7% of them are showing high self-efficacy. Conclusions: The findings showed that more than one half of nurses are moderate level of self-efficacy. Keyword: Self-efficacy, Critical Care, Nurses
Influence of an Interventional Health Education in Enhancing the Perceived Learning Needs of Patients with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hussein Zainab Kadhim , Mohammed Widad K.
Published: July 2022

Background: Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of coronary heart disease and death. Because post-MI patients are more likely to have another attack, it is vital that they have enough knowledge about their health and the appropriate self-care. post-MI patients, it is critical for post-MI patients to have adequate health information and self-care, especially if they have risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and a lack of exercise. Objectives: To evaluate influence of an interventional health education in enhancing the perceived learning needs of patients with myocardial infarction. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used with the application of pre and post-test approach for both studied and controlled groups. This study was conducted at cardiac advisory department on purposive sample was selected to obtain representative and accurate data consisting of (90) patients at Missan Center for Cardiac Diseases and Surgery, (10) patients were excluded for the pilot study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical data analysis approach of frequency, percentage, mean, mean of scores, a total of scores, range and standard deviation and inferential statistical data analysis approach T-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: highly significant difference between pre and posttests responses at (P value < .05) in the study group related to all domains of the study. Conclusions: Less than one-quarter of patients in the study group were institute graduate level, and more than one-quarter of patients in the control group were secondary level graduate, one quarter of patients in the study group were within employee level; and more than one quarters in control group were within the retired level. more than half of patients in the study group and more than two-thirds of patients in the control group were married. In pretest and posttest, there is a significant influence of an interventional health education in enhancing the perceived learning needs of patients with myocardial infarction. Recommendations: The study recommend that it is critical to update patient learning needs by encouraging and inspiring patients to participate in particular interventional health education on the perceived learning needs of patients with Myocardial Infarction. Patients should have access to continued education and resources that enhance patient's learning needs during their hospitalization. Keyword: Myocardial Infarction, Influence, Interventional, Enhance.
Correlation between Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Style among Nurse Managers
Authors: Mahdi Ibrahim Saleem , , Faraj Raad Kareem
Published: July 2022

Objectives: The study aims at assessing the level of emotional intelligence as well as leadership styles and detecting the relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership styles. Materials and methods: A descriptive study, correlational design that is initiated for the period of October 1st 2021 to June 1st, 2022. The sample of the study includes 260 nurse managers was selected by convenient sampling method (non-probability sample). The setting of the study includes the teaching hospitals in Baghdad city. Two scales were used in the current study; Emotional Intelligence Scales which comprised of 45 items and Leadership Styles which comprised of 26 items distributed on four dimensions: 5 items for Leading Change; 7 items for leading nurses; 6 items for Results Driven; 5 items for Communications. The data have been collected through the utilization of the self-administrative report as a mean of data collection. Statistical analyses were conducted by using statistical package for social science (IBM SPSS Statistics) version 26.0. Results: The study found that 95% of nurse managers are associated with high level of emotional intelligence (M±SD= 189.42±13.084), nurse managers show good competencies regarding leadership of change style (M±SD= 21.23±2.664), subordinate leadership style (M±SD= 29.61±3.863), focus on result style (M±SD= 25.31±3.075) and leadership of communication style (M±SD= 21.60±2.491). Emotional intelligence of nurse managers is positively correlated with leadership style of change, subordinate leadership, and leadership of communication style at p-value= .001, .001, and .033. Conclusions: Based on the study finding, the study concludes that nurse managers are associated with high emotional intelligence and good leadership competencies. There is evidence of a two-way relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership style competencies among nurse managers. Recommendations: The study is recommended The Health Institution administrators need to design a training program to improve conflict management and emotional intelligence for nurses to effectively manage conflicts among them which is inevitable in health care institutions. Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Relationship, Leadership styles, Nurse Managers
Brucellosis in a 12-Year-Old Boy in Saudi Arabia: A Case Report for Literature Review
Authors: Jarboa Fahad Al , Almanea Saleh , Aldebasi Bader
Published: July 2022

Brucellosis is a type of an infection caused by bacteria that affects humans and animals and usually affects the former by drinking unpasteurized milk. This study deals with a clinical case of human Brucellosis. Sudden onset of left hip pain with no history of past trauma, recent URTI, or any other abnormal symptom was examined, and left joint effusion was found. On further investigation, ESR was determined to be 41, and high levels of antibody against Brucella were revealed after the serum agglutination test. Methods to prevent the prevalence of this disease by implementing various measures and creating awareness have also been made. Keywords: Brucellosis, trauma, zoonotic diseases
Comparison of Outcome of Proseal Laryngeal Mask Airway and Supreme Laryngeal Mask Airway in Patients Undergoing Surgery Under General Anaesthesia
Authors: Malik Shoaib. , Saleh Muhammad. , Raza Shahneela. , Muneer Muhammad.Nadeem
Published: July 2022

Objective: To compare the proseal laryngeal mask airway's performance to that of the supreme laryngeal mask airway in patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. Study design: Descriptive-Comparative Study Settings:Department of Anesthesia, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi Study duration:December 2020 to June 2021 Materials & Methods: It was estimated that 154 patients of both genders were considering elective surgery while under the effect of general anesthesia. They were between the ages of 18 and 60. Patients were not allowed to participate in the trial if they had trouble breathing, were known to have lung or heart problems, were at danger of aspiration, or had a fractured neck spine. Following the acquisition of informed permission, the selected cases were then randomly separated into two groups, one labelled group P and the other designated group S. Group P patients were given a proseal laryngeal mask, which is a form of airway. A supreme laryngeal mask was used by those in Group S. During the first twenty-four hours, the researcher checked on each patient to see if they were coughing or had sore throats. Results: More than 96% of patients with Proseal and 88% of patients with Supreme-LMA were able to successfully insert the device on their first try in our study. When it came to inserting patients, the S-LMA group performed better than the others (19.17 2.69 min vs. 23.16 1.73 min). When comparing the adverse effects of Proseal-LMA and Supreme-LMA, we found that 27.27 Vs 20.78 percent reported cough, 18.18 Vs 12.99 percent blood stains, and 20.78 Vs 3.90 percent painful throat respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the supreme laryngeal mask airway is superior than the proseal laryngeal mask airway in patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. Keywords: general anesthesia, supreme laryngeal mask airway, outcome.
Evaluation of Pressure Elements in the Penalty Kicks
Authors: Tuğlu Şaban , Ermiş Egemen , Erilli Necati Alp
Published: July 2022

Background: A penalty kick in football is one of the most important rules that directly affect the score of the match. Penalty kicks have always been the focus of attention in terms of both the result and the shot. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine whether the one who takes the penalty or saves the penalty is more effective and to determine whether the players who use the penalty show a tendency in a certain direction. Methods: In this study, a detailed analysis of penalty shootouts with the 10-year data of the Turkish Super League was made. SPSS.22 package program was used in statistical analyses. Analyses of penalty kicks were compared with the Chi-square test and the level of significance was taken as 0,05 in all tests. Results: According to the results of the analysis, goalkeepers guessed correctly 46% of the direction where the ball passed in all penalties (r=0.74; p=0.000). 52% of left-footed penalty takers shot to the left, and 46.9% of right-footed penalty takers to the right. There was no statistical difference between the direction where the ball was thrown, and the foot used by the penalty kicker (p>0.05). Conclusion: In the analysis made with 10-year data, it has been determined that the players do not tend to a certain direction when using penalties. Keywords: Penalty kick; football; penalty zone; Turkish Super League; penalty direction
Friglerin Kullandıkları Mitolojik Unsurların Bölge Turizmine Yansımaları
Authors: AKOĞLAN KOZAK Meryem , ÇİÇEK Dönüş
Published: July 2022

Bu çalışmada, Frigya Bölgesinde yer alan Afyon, Kütahya ve Eskişehir kapsamında, Frig toplumuna ait kültürel ögelerin turizm alanında izdüşümlerine bakılmıştır. İzdüşümler belirlenirken, geleneksel mitolojilerden yararlanılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Frigya Bölgesinin tanıtımı için hazırlanmış olan web sayfaları üzerinden bir analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizlerde Frigya’ya ait kültürel ögelerin, bu bölgedeki turistik amaçlı kullanım durumu değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın verileri, Afyon, Kütahya ve Eskişehir illerinin Belediye ve Valilik web sayfaları (toplam 49 web sayfası) üzerinden toplanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında toplanan tüm veriler “Tarama Kayıt Formuna” manuel olarak kayıt edilmiştir. Taramalar, Aralık 2021 ile Şubat 2022 tarihleri arasında tamamlanmıştır. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda elde edilen bazı mitolojik unsurların benzer özellikler gösterdiği tespit edilmiş ve bu ifadeler birleştirilerek yedi kategori belirlenmiştir. Kategoriler; gezilecek yerler, turistik işletmeler, müzeler, ekonomi, gastronomi, yerel ürünler, sanat ve festivaller olarak adlandırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları; bu üç şehrin gezilecek yerlerinin adlandırılmasında, müzelerinin temasında, gastronomisinde, turistik işletmelerdeki salon ve alan adlarında, yöresel ürünlerde, ekonomik yapıda, sanat ve festivallerde Friglerin izlerinin hüküm sürdüğünü göstermektedir.
Economics of Electricity Consumption: A Literature Review
Authors: Raju Dr.V.
Published: July 2022

Electricity consumption is determined by the use of electronic gadgets, income level of family members, choice of connection and size of the houses. In India, the energy use is at disaggregate level. Electricity is necessary in various types of activities and in each it takes a different character. There is a strong two-way relationship between economic development and energy consumption. The dynamics of growth in one sector with more residential electricity brings realistic potential for efficiency. The increasing availability and usefulness of electricity set the limit to its requirements in a region and the actual level of its consumption at any given time depends on a number of socio-economic factors which are usually not taken into account in making estimates of future requirements. In India, the growth in demand has exceeded the growth in generation capacity as a result the country is facing acute energy and peak shortages. The studies also discuss possible pricing options to bring about more efficient use of limited generated capacity as well as addressing the issue of equity. Some studies also tried to estimate the final demand which is price sensitive for both residential and industrial consumers. This study attempted to bring out literature reviews covering Studies on Electricity Economics; Studies on Household Electricity Consumption; and Studies on Managing Electricity Consumption.