bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Pharmacy Liaison–Patient Navigation Intervention to Reduce Inpatient and Emergency Department Utilization Among Primary Care Patients in a Medicaid Accountable Care Organization
Authors: Buitron de la Vega Pablo , Ashe Erin M. , Xuan Ziming , Gast Vi , Saint-Phard Tracey , Brody-Fialkin Julianna , Okonkwo Felix , Power Julia , Wang Na , Lyons Chris , Silverstein Michael , Lasser Karen E.
Published: January 2023

Importance

Patients with unmet health-related social needs are at high risk for preventable health care utilization. Prior interventions to identify health-related social needs and provide navigation services with community resources have not taken place in pharmacy settings.

Objective

To evaluate an enhancement of pharmacy care to reduce hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits among primary care patients in a Medicaid accountable care organization (ACO).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted from May 1, 2019, through March 4, 2021, with 1 year of follow-up. Study allocation was determined by odd or even medical record number. The study was performed at a general internal medicine practice at a large safety-net hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. Patients who qualified for the hospital’s pharmacy care program (aged 18-64 years and within the third to tenth percentile for health care utilization and cost among Medicaid ACO membership) who attended a visit with a primary care clinician were eligible. Of 770 eligible patients, 577 were approached, 127 declined, and 86 could not be contacted.

Interventions

Patients in the control group received usual pharmacy care focused on medication adherence. Patients in the intervention group received enhanced pharmacy care with an additional focus on identification of and intervention for health-related social needs. The intervention took place for 1 year.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was inpatient hospital admissions and ED visits (composite outcome) in the 12 months after enrollment during the intervention period.

Results

Among 364 allocated patients (mean [SD] age, 50.1 [10.1] years; 216 women [59.3%]), 35 were Hispanic of any race (9.6%) and 214 were non-Hispanic Black (58.8%). All participants were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. In analyses controlling for baseline hospital admissions and ED visits the year prior to enrollment, the enhanced pharmacy care group was not associated with the odds of having any hospital admission or ED visit (adjusted odds ratio, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.23-1.62];P = .32) among all patients and was not associated with the visit rates among those with any visit (adjusted rate ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.71-1.22];P = .62) relative to the usual pharmacy care group in the year following enrollment.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this nonrandomized controlled trial suggest that inpatient and ED utilization among Medicaid ACO members at a safety-net hospital was not significantly different between groups at 1-year follow-up.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT03919084
Perils of eliminating the x‐waiver: Comments from former CSAT official
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2023

A highly unusual meeting took place in 2014—a group of experts, including federal officials, and top legislators – namely, former senators Carl Levin (D‐Michigan) and Orrin Hatch (R‐Utah) met in June of that year to discuss changing the Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000 (DATA 2000), which regulated buprenorphine prescribing up until it was eviscerated in the spending bill last month (see https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adaw.20431). The lawmakers wanted to raise the maximum number of patients one physician could have (at the time, it was 30 under DATA 2000, and 100 under the 2006 amendment; since then it has been raised further).
Hopes and fears for 2023, reflections on 2022
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2023

As is traditional, with the new year, we asked stakeholders for their reflections on the past year and their hopes and fears for the new year. Here are some responses so far. (If you haven't submitted yours yet, please do: adawnewsletter@gmail.com).
Polymeric Nanoparticles as a Self‐Adjuvanting Peptide Vaccine Delivery System: The Role of Shape
Authors: Koirala Prashamsa , Chen Sung‐Po R. , Boer Jennifer C. , Khalil Zeinab G. , Deceneux Cyril , Goodchild Georgia , Lu Lantian , Faruck Mohammad Omer , Shalash Ahmed O. , Bashiri Sahra , Capon Robert J. , Hussein Waleed M. , Monteiro Michael J. , Plebanski Magdalena , Toth Istvan , Skwarczynski Mariusz
Published: January 2023

Antigens incorporated in subunit vaccines are typically poorly immunogenic, so a strong immunostimulant (adjuvant) and/or delivery system is required to boost immunogenicity. In this work, the various functional polymer nanostructures, that is, rods, worms, spheres, and tadpoles are used to develop potent peptide antigen delivery systems. The antigen PADRE‐J8 (PJ8), derived from Group A Streptococcus (GAS) M‐protein, is either physically mixed or chemically conjugated to polymeric nanoparticles of different shapes. The physical mixture of polymeric nanoparticles and antigen is more effective in inducing antibody production than their chemical conjugates. Moreover, rod‐shaped polymeric nanoparticles in physical mixture with PJ8 elicited higher and more opsonic antibody titers than powerful complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐adjuvanted antigen. Herein, for the first time it is demonstrated that a) the block copolymer, in nanoparticle form, can act as an immune adjuvant, b) nanoparticle shape plays a crucial role in their immunogenicity, and c) antigen conjugation is not required, nor is antigen encapsulation or absorption.
Compliant and Robust Tissue‐Like Hydrogels via Ferric Ion‐Induced of Hierarchical Structure
Authors: Wang Yi , Xie Yuanjie , Xie Xiangyan , Wu Di , Wu Haitao , Luo Xingqi , Wu Qi , Zhao Lijuan , Wu Jinrong
Published: January 2023

It is a challenge to synthesize materials that possess biological tissue‐like properties: strain‐stiffening, robust yet compliant, sensitive, and water‐rich. Herein, a ferric ion‐induced salting out and coordination cross‐linking strategy is presented to create a hierarchical hydrogel network, including dipole–dipole interactions connected curved chains, acrylonitrile (AN)‐rich clusters, and homogeneous iron‐ligand interactions. The design allows the network to deform stress‐free under small strain by unfolding the curved segments with the elastic deformation of the AN‐rich clusters, and sequentially breaking the dipole–dipole interactions and iron‐ligand interactions from weak to strong ones under large strain. As a result, the hydrogel exhibits tissue‐like mechanical properties: low elastic modulus (0.06 MPa), high strength (1.4 MPa), high toughness (5.1 MJ m−3), intense strain‐stiffening capability (27.5 folds of stiffness enhancement), excellent self‐recovery ability and fatigue resistance. Moreover, the hydrogel exhibits high water content (≈84%), good biocompatibility and multi‐sensory capabilities to strain, pressure and hazardous chemicals stimuli. Therefore, this work offers a novel strategy to prepare hydrogel that can mimic the diverse functions of tissues, thereby expanding advanced applications of hydrogel in soft robotics, wearable devices, and biomedical engineering.
Nature‐Inspired Interconnected Macro/Meso/Micro‐Porous MXene Electrode
Authors: Wang Mengjie , Cheng Yongfa , Zhang Hongyun , Cheng Feng , Wang Yongxin , Huang Tao , Wei Zhichao , Zhang Yuhang , Ge Binghui , Ma Yanan , Yue Yang , Gao Yihua
Published: January 2023

The geometric multiplication development of MXene has promoted it to become a star material in numerous applications including, but not limited to, energy storage. It is found that pore structure modulation engineering can improve the inherent properties of MXene, in turn significantly enhancing its electrochemical performance. However, most of the current works have focused on exploring the structure‐effective relationships of the single‐scale pore structure regulation of MXene. Inspired by Murray's law from nature where a highly graded structure of the organisms is discovered and used to achieve effective diffusion and maximize mass transfer, a hierarchically interconnected porous MXene electrode across micro‐meso‐macroporous is constructed. This MXene‐based electrode provides large amounts of active sites while greatly shortening the ion diffusion channel. Finally, the zinc ion microcapacitor based on this MXene electrode exhibits an ultrahigh area‐specific capacitance up to 410 mF cm−2and an energy density up to 103 µWh cm−2at a power density of 2100 µW cm−2. The areal energy density outperforms the currently reported zinc ion microcapacitors. This study supports an effective strategy for electrode materials (including but not limited to MXene) to achieve ultra‐short ion diffusion channels and maximum transport efficiency for next‐generation high‐performance energy storage.
Probing Defects and Spin‐Phonon Coupling in CrSBr via Resonant Raman Scattering
Authors: Torres Kierstin , Kuc Agnieszka , Maschio Lorenzo , Pham Thang , Reidy Kate , Dekanovsky Lukas , Sofer Zdenek , Ross Frances M. , Klein Julian
Published: January 2023

Understanding the stability limitations and defect formation mechanisms in 2D magnets is essential for their utilization in spintronic and memory technologies. Here, defects in mono‐ to multilayer CrSBr are correlated with structural, vibrational, and magnetic properties. Resonant Raman scattering is used to reveal distinct vibrational defect signatures. In pristine CrSBr, it is shown that bromine atoms mediate vibrational interlayer coupling, allowing for distinguishing between surface and bulk defect modes. Environmental exposure is shown to cause drastic degradation in monolayers, with the formation of intralayer defects. This is in contrast to multilayers that predominantly show bromine surface defects. Through deliberate ion irradiation, the formation of defect modes is tuned: these are strongly polarized and resonantly enhanced, reflecting the quasi‐‐1D electronic character of CrSBr. Strikingly, pronounced signatures of spin‐phonon coupling of the intrinsic phonon modes and the ion beam‐induced defect modes are observed throughout the magnetic transition temperature. Overall, defect engineering of magnetic properties is possible, with resonant Raman spectroscopy serving as a direct fingerprint of magnetic phases and defects in CrSBr.
Modulating Local Interfacial Bonding Environment of Heterostructures for Energy‐Saving Hydrogen Production at High Current Densities
Authors: Yu Hanzhi , Zhu Shangqian , Hao Yixin , Chang Yu‐Ming , Li Linlin , Ma Jun , Chen Han‐Yi , Shao Minhua , Peng Shengjie
Published: January 2023

Coupling urea oxidation reaction (UOR) with hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is an effective energy‐saving technique for hydrogen generation. However, exploring efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts under high current density is still challenging. Herein, hierarchical Fe doped cobalt selenide coupled with FeCo layered double hydroxide (Fe‐Co0.85Se/FeCo LDH) array as a self‐supported superior bifunctional heterojunction electrode is rationally designed for both UOR and HER. The unique heterostructure facilitates electron transfer and interface interactions through local interfacial Co‐Se/O‐Fe bonding environment modulation, improving reaction kinetics and intrinsic activity. As a result, the heterostructured electrocatalyst exhibits ultralow potentials of −0.274 and 1.48 V to reach 500 mA cm−2 for catalyzing the HER and UOR, respectively. Particularly, the full urea electrolysis system driven by Fe‐Co0.85Se/FeCo LDH delivers 300 mA cm−2 at a relatively low potential of 1.57 V, which is 150 mV lower than the conventional water electrolysis. The combination of in situ characterization and theoretical analysis reveal that the active sites with the adjustable electronic environment are induced by the interfacial bonding of the heterojunction, facilitating the water decomposition of HER and the stabilization of intermediates in UOR. This work inspires the interfacial environment modulation to optimize advanced electrocatalysts for energy‐saving H2 production.
Surface Lattice‐Matched Engineering Based on In Situ Spinel Interfacial Reconstruction for Stable Heterostructured Sodium Layered Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Li Jia‐Yang , Hu Hai‐Yan , Zhou Li‐Feng , Li Hong‐Wei , Lei Yao‐Jie , Lai Wei‐Hong , Fan Ya‐Meng , Zhu Yan‐Fang , Peleckis Germanas , Chen Shuang‐Qiang , Pang Wei‐Kong , Peng Jian , Wang Jia‐Zhao , Dou Shi‐Xue , Chou Shu‐Lei , Xiao Yao
Published: January 2023

Layered transition metal oxide (NaxTMO2), being one of the most promising cathode candidates for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), have attracted intensive interest because of their nontoxicity, high theoretical capacities, and easy manufacturability. However, their physical and electrochemical properties of water sensitivity, sluggish Na+ transport kinetics, and irreversible multiple‐phase translations hinder the practical application. Here, a concept of surface lattice‐matched engineering is proposed based on in situ spinel interfacial reconstruction to design a spinel coating P2/P3 heterostructure cathode material with enhanced air stability, rate, and cycle performance. The novel structure and its formation process are verified by transmission electron microscopy and in situ high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction. The electrode exhibits an excellent rate performance with the highly reversible phase transformation demonstrated by in situ charging/discharging X‐ray diffraction. Additionally, even after a rigorous water sensitivity test, the electrode materials still retain almost the same superior electrochemical performance as the fresh sample. The results show that the surface spinel phase can play a vital role in preventing the ingress of water molecules, improving transport kinetics, and enhancing structural integrity for NaxTMO2 cathodes. The concept of surface lattice‐matched engineering based on in situ spinel interfacial reconstruction will be helpful for designing new ultra‐stable cathode materials for high‐performance SIBs.
Egg Microneedle for Transdermal Delivery of Active Liraglutide
Authors: You Jeongyun , Juhng Seorin , Song Jieun , Park Jihyun , Jang Mingyu , Kang Geonwoo , Yang Huisuk , Min Hye Su , Shin Jiwoo , Lee Seri , Ko Hyuk Wan , Jung Hyungil
Published: January 2023

Liraglutide, a human glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) analog, is promising for safely treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), compared to insulin, by significantly reducing the risk of glucose‐dependent hypoglycemia. Concerns related to injection prevent T2DM patients from taking liraglutide regularly, even though once‐a‐day subcutaneous (SC) injections. Dissolving microneedles (DMNs) are promising substitutes for SC injection and for improving patient convenience. However, there are two fundamental limitations: the low drug delivery due to incomplete insertion and loss of drug activity during DMN fabrication. Here, it is shown that an egg microneedle (EMN) designed with three functional layered structures can maintain the maximum activity of the loaded compound during DMN fabrication and deliver it completely into the skin, with the base layer allowing the complete delivery of liraglutide, and the shell layer maintaining the drug activity by mimicking the role of albumin in eggs. In a diabetic mouse model, liraglutide administration via EMN exhibited similar effect when compared to that of injection. Therefore, EMN‐mediated liraglutide administration is a good potential option for replacing liraglutide injections in T2DM treatment.
Intrinsic Optical Properties and Emerging Applications of Gold Nanostructures
Authors: Guo Zilong , Yu Guo , Zhang Zhiguo , Han Yandong , Guan Guijian , Yang Wensheng , Han Ming‐Yong
Published: January 2023

The collective oscillation of free electrons at the nanoscale surface of gold nanostructures is closely modulated by tuning the size, shape/morphology, phase, composition, hybridization, assembly, and nanopatterning, along with the surroundings of the plasmonic surface located at a dielectric interface with air, liquid, and solid. This review first introduces the physical origin of the intrinsic optical properties of gold nanostructures and further summarizes stimuli‐responsive changes in optical properties, metal‐field‐enhanced optical signals, luminescence spectral shaping, chiroptical response, and photogenerated hot carriers. The current success in the landscape of nanoscience and nanotechnology mainly originates from the abundant optical properties of gold nanostructures in the thermodynamically stable face‐centered cubic (fcc) phase. It has been further extended by crystal phase engineering to prepare thermodynamically unfavorable phases (e.g., kinetically stable) and heterophases to modulate their intriguing phase‐dependent optical properties. A broad range of promising applications, including but not limited to full‐color displays, solar energy harvesting, photochemical reactions, optical sensing, and microscopic/biomedical imaging, have fostered parallel research on the multitude of physical effects occurring in gold nanostructures.
Triple Threshold Transitions and Strong Polariton Interaction in 2D Layered Metal–Organic Framework Microplates
Authors: Kottilil Dileep , Gupta Mayank , Lu Shunbin , Babusenan Anu , Ji Wei
Published: January 2023

Room‐temperature interaction between light–matter hybrid particles such as exciton–polaritons under extremely low‐pump plays a crucial role in future coherent quantum light sources. However, the practical and scalable realization of coherent quantum light sources operating under low‐pump remains a challenge because of the insufficient polariton interaction strength. Here, at room temperature, a very large polariton interaction strength is demonstrated, g ≈ 128 ± 21 µeV µm2 realized in a 2D nanolayered metal–organic framework (MOF). As a result, a polariton lasing at an extremely low pump fluence of P1 ≈ 0.01 ± 0.0015 µJ cm−2 (first threshold) is observed. Interestingly, as pump fluence increases to P2 ≈ 0.031 ± 0.003 µJ cm−2 (second threshold), a spontaneous transition to a polariton breakdown region occurs, which has not been reported before. Finally, an ordinary photon lasing occurs at P3 ≈ 0.11 ± 0.077 µJ cm−2 (third threshold), or above. These experiments and the theoretical model reveal new insights into the transition mechanisms characterized by three distinct optical regions. This work introduces MOF as a new type of quantum material, with naturally formed polariton cavities, that is a cost‐effective and scalable solution to build microscale coherent quantum light sources and polaritonic devices.
Hydrogel Nanoarchitectonics of a Flexible and Self‐Adhesive Electrode for Long‐Term Wireless Electroencephalogram Recording and High‐Accuracy Sustained Attention Evaluation
Authors: Han Qingquan , Zhang Chao , Guo Taoming , Tian Yajie , Song Wei , Lei Jiaxin , Li Qi , Wang Anhe , Zhang Milin , Bai Shuo , Yan Xuehai
Published: January 2023

Hydrogels are ideal building blocks to fabricate the next generation of electrodes for acquiring high‐quality physiological electrical signals, for example, electroencephalography (EEG). However, collection of EEG signals still suffers from electrode deformation, sweating, extensive body motion and vibration, and environmental interference. Herein, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone are selected to prepare a hydrogel network with tissue‐like modulus and excellent flexibility. Additionally, polydopamine nanoparticles, obtained by polydopamine peroxidation, are integrated into the hydrogel to endow them with higher transparency, higher self‐adhesion, and lower impedance. Consequently, a multichannel and wirelessly operated hydrogel electrode can establish a conformal and stable interface with tissue and illustrate high channel uniformity, low interfacial contact impedance, low power noise, long‐term stability, and a tolerance to sweat and motion. Furthermore, the hydrogel electrode shows the unprecedented ability to classify the recorded high‐quality prefrontal EEG signals into seven‐category sustained attention with high accuracy (91.5%), having great potential applications in the assessment of human consciousness and in multifunctional diagnoses.
21.15%‐Efficiency and Stable γ ‐CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by an Acyloin Ligand
Authors: Wang Jungang , Che Yuhang , Duan Yuwei , Liu Zhike , Yang Shaomin , Xu Dongfang , Fang Zhimin , Lei Xuruo , Li Yong , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: January 2023

Cesium lead triiodide (CsPbI3) is a promising light‐absorbing material for constructing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) owing to its favorable bandgap and thermal tolerance. However, the high density of defects in the CsPbI3 film not only act as recombination centers, but also facilitate ion migration, leading to lower PCE and inferior stability compared with the state‐of‐the‐art organic–inorganic hybrid PSC counterpart. Theoretical analyses suggest that the effective suppression of defects in CsPbI3 film is helpful for improving the device performance. Herein, the stable and efficient γ ‐CsPbI3 PSCs are demonstrated by developing an acyloin ligand (1,2‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)ethane‐1,2‐dione (DED)) as a phase stabilizer and defect passivator. The experiment and calculation results confirm that carbonyl and thienyl in DED can synergistically interact with CsPbI3 by forming a chelate to effectively passivate Pb‐related defects and further suppress ion migration. Consequently, DED‐treated CsPbI3 PSCs yield a champion PCE of 21.15%, which is one of the highest PCE among all the reported CsPbI3 PSCs to date. In addition, the unencapsulated DED‐CsPbI3 PSC can retain 94.9% of itsinitial PCE when stored under ambient conditions for 1000 h and 92.8% of its initial PCE under constant illumination for 250 h.
Recent Progress in Inorganic Afterglow Materials: Mechanisms, Persistent Luminescent Properties, Modulating Methods, and Bioimaging Applications
Authors: Yang Lu , Gai Shili , Ding He , Yang Dan , Feng Lili , Yang Piaoping
Published: January 2023

Persistent luminescence (PL) is a distinctive optical phenomenon with long‐lasting afterglow emissions after the cessation of excitation, thus emerging huge prospects in the applications of anti‐counterfeiting, information or data storage, photocatalysis, sensing, and bioimaging. In this regard, it is of great importance to optimize the PL performance. Recently, no comprehensive literature review on inorganic persistent phosphors is reported to aid researchers in focusing on the systematic adjustment of afterglow properties based on reported progress made in recent ten years. Accordingly, the motivation of this work is to review the inorganic persistent phosphors that are of interest for the dopant and host selection criteria, the afterglow intensity, and multi‐color modulating methods, from the perspectives of composition optimization, defect engineering, and coordination environment of hosts. Then, X‐ray, light emitting diode (LED), ultraviolet (UV), and near‐infrared (NIR) excited PL imaging and multimodal imaging of persistent phosphors are introduced. Finally, the summary, challenge, outlook, and future development direction in this field are provided. With the profound influence of the afterglow materials, it is believed that this review will be a guideline for the design, synthesis, and optical performance optimization of persistent materials in the future.
Self‐Assembly in “Matrix‐Free” Functionalized Boron Nitride Sheets as Free‐Standing Thin Film Sieves for Stable Forward Osmosis and Robust Dye Removal Applications
Authors: Samantaray Paresh Kumar , Sen Gupta Ria , Bose Suryasarathi
Published: January 2023

Herein, a facile “matrix‐free” thin film membrane strategy is reported that exploits polymer brushes grafted hydroxyl‐functionalized hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h‐BNOH) toward forward osmosis desalination and dye rejection application. The functionalized nanosheets are characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), UV–visible spectrophotometry, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Covalently functionalized nanosheets of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) termed as boron nitride grafted PMMA (BN‐g‐PMMA) obtained via RAFT polymerization are deployed toward “matrix‐free” nanocomposite membranes.  The membranes exhibit ≈5260 L /m−2 h−1 at a moderate pressure of 0.21 MPa in cross‐flow mode and a 70% of flux retention ratio against bovine serum albumin as protein foulant. The matrix‐free membranes exhibit ≈93% salt rejection for NaCl and >99% rejection for MgCl2 and Ca(NO3)2·4H2O for 2000 ppm draw solution (water TDS benchmark for domestic purifiers) while 90% NaCl, and >96% rejection for MgCl2 and Ca(NO3)2·4H2O for 5000 ppm draw. In simulated domestic water salinity, 97.8% rejection is observed for 2000 ppm and 94.5% for 5000 ppm draw solution, respectively. The matrix‐free membranes also achieve almost 100% dye rejection for eight model dye pollutants at 1 ppm and >96.6% for 10 ppm concentrations, respectively.
Design Strategies and Recent Advancements for Low‐Temperature Aqueous Rechargeable Energy Storage
Authors: Zhu Kunjie , Sun Zhiqin , Li Zhaopeng , Liu Pei , Li Haixia , Jiao Lifang
Published: January 2023

Aqueous rechargeable energy storage (ARES) has received tremendous attention in recent years due to its intrinsic merits of low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness. However, the relatively higher freezing point of conventional aqueous electrolytes results in sluggish kinetics and inferior ion transport efficiency under low temperature, severely restricting their further development and practical applications. In order to deal with the existing issues, the design principles to develop low‐temperature ARES with excellent performance are discussed in‐depth and precisely classified, primarily with respect to electrode modification and electrolyte regulation. In addition, the related studies about low‐temperature ARES are systematically and comprehensively summarized. Finally, the critical bottlenecks, some suggestions, and future perspectives are also provided, which will help to address the current challenges of low‐temperature ARES. This review is expected to deepen the fundamental understanding of low‐temperature ARES and offer guiding suggestions to boost their future applications.
The Power of Apology and Forgiveness: Apology at Work
Authors: Creo Robert Angelo
Published: January 2023

While apologies necessarily involve moments of vulnerability, they can also open doors to value creation and strengthen the relationship you have with your bargaining counterpart.
The worldwide costs of dementia in 2019
Authors: Wimo Anders , Seeher Katrin , Cataldi Rodrigo , Cyhlarova Eva , Dielemann Joseph L. , Frisell Oskar , Guerchet Maëlenn , Jönsson Linus , Malaha Angeladine Kenne , Nichols Emma , Pedroza Paola , Prince Martin , Knapp Martin , Dua Tarun
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Dementia is a leading cause of death and disability globally. Estimating total societal costs demonstrates the wide impact of dementia and its main direct and indirect economic components.

Methods

We constructed a global cost model for dementia, presenting costs as cumulated global and regional costs.

Results

In 2019, the annual global societal costs of dementia were estimated at US $1313.4 billion for 55.2 million people with dementia, corresponding to US $23,796 per person with dementia. Of the total, US $213.2 billion (16%) were direct medical costs, US $448.7 billion (34%) direct social sector costs (including long‐term care), and US $651.4 billion (50%) costs of informal care.

Discussion

The huge costs of dementia worldwide place enormous strains on care systems and families alike. Although most people with dementia live in low‐ and middle‐income countries, highest total and per‐person costs are seen in high‐income countries.

Highlights

Global economic costs of dementia were estimated to reach US $1313.4 in 2019.

Sixty‐one percent of people with dementia live in low‐and middle‐income countries, whereas 74% of the costs occur in high‐income countries.

The impact of informal care accounts for about 50% of the global costs.

The development of a long‐term care infrastructure is a great challenge for low‐and middle‐income countries.

There is a great need for more cost studies, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries.

Discussions of a framework for global cost comparisons are needed.
Designed Iron Catalysts for Allylic C−H Functionalization of Propylene and Simple Olefins
Authors: Wang Ruihan , Wang Yidong , Ding Ruiqi , Staub Parker B. , Zhao Christopher Z. , Liu Peng , Wang Yi‐Ming
Published: January 2023

Propylene gas is produced worldwide by steam cracking on million‐metric‐ton scale per year. It serves as a valuable starting material for π‐bond functionalization but is rarely applied in transition metal‐catalyzed allylic C−H functionalization for fine chemical synthesis. Herein, we report that a newly‐developed cationic cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl complex allows for the conversion of propylene to its allylic C−C bond coupling products under catalytic conditions. This approach was also found applicable to the allylic functionalization of simple α‐olefins with distinctive branched selectivity. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies supported the allylic deprotonation of the metal‐coordinated alkene as the turnover‐limiting step and led to insights into the multifaceted roles of the newly designed ligand in promoting allylic C−H functionalization with enhanced reactivity and stereoselectivity.
Der Aufstieg der Trichloride Ermöglicht eine Verbesserte Chlortechnologie
Authors: Kleoff Merlin , Voßnacker Patrick , Riedel Sebastian
Published: January 2023

Chlor spielt eine zentrale Rolle bei der industriellen Herstellung zahlreicher Produkte von globaler Bedeutung. In jüngster Zeit haben sich Polychloride von einem Gebiet akademischen Interesses zu einem Forschungsthema mit enormem industriellen Potenzial entwickelt. In diesem Aufsatz wird der Wert von Trichloriden für die Chlorspeicherung und Chlorierungsreaktionen skizziert. Insbesondere die kostengünstige ionische Flüssigkeit [NEt3Me][Cl3] zeigt eine ähnliche und manchmal sogar vorteilhafte Reaktivität im Vergleich zu Chlorgas und bietet gleichzeitig ein besseres Sicherheitsprofil. Als Chlorspeicher eingesetzt, könnte [NEt3Me][Cl3] dazu beitragen, die derzeitigen Einschränkungen bei der Lagerung und dem Transport von Chlor in größeren Mengen zu überwinden. So könnten Trichloride zu einer Schlüsseltechnik für die Flexibilisierung der Chlorproduktion werden, die eine Nutzung erneuerbarer, aber schwankender elektrischer Energie ermöglicht. Da es sich bei dem geladenen Speicher, [NEt3Me][Cl3], um ein bewährtes Chlorierungsreagenz handelt, könnte es direkt für nachgelagerte Prozesse eingesetzt werden und den Weg zu einer praktischeren und sichereren Chlorindustrie ebnen.
Bor‐Zentrierte Lewis‐Supersäuren durch Redoxaktive Liganden: Anwendung in der C‐F‐ und S‐F‐Bindungsaktivierung
Authors: Köring Laura , Stepen Arne , Birenheide Bernhard , Barth Simon , Leskov Maxim , Schoch Roland , Krämer Felix , Breher Frank , Paradies Jan
Published: January 2023

Eine Reihe redox‐responsiver, Ferrocenyl‐substituierter Borane und Boronsäureester wurde dargestellt. Oxidation der Ferrocenyl‐Einheit zum entsprechenden Ferrocenium führte zu einer drastischen Erhöhung der Lewis‐Acidität, wobei sogar die des SbF5übertroffen wird. Dies wurde sowohl experimentell als auch durch quantenchemische Rechnungen untersucht. Die resultierenden, stark Lewis‐aciden Borverbindungen wurden für katalytische C‐F‐ und S‐F‐Aktivierung verwendet.
Towards Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy Exploration of Plasmonic‐Mediated Phenomena at the Single‐Nanoparticle Level
Authors: Scarabelli Leonardo
Published: January 2023

The rational design of functional plasmonic metasurfaces and metamaterials requires the development of high‐throughput characterization techniques compatible withoperandoconditions and capable of addressing single‐nanostructures. In their work, Wei et al. demonstrate the use of electrochemiluminescence microscopy to investigate the mechanism behind plasmon‐enhanced luminescence induced by gold nanostructures. The use of gold plasmonic arrays was exploited to achieve the rapid spectroscopic evaluation of all the individual nanostructures, and the correlation of the results with high‐ resolution electron microscopy analysis, guaranteeing a strict one‐to‐one correspondence. The authors were able to identify two different mechanisms for the enhancement of [Ru(bpy)3]2+‐tri‐n‐propylamine electrochemiluminescence mediated by single gold nanoparticles and by small plasmonic clusters. In the future, the proposed characterization could be used for the rapid andin situspectroscopic analysis of more complex plasmonic nanostructures and metasurfaces.
Needs assessment of essential anatomy: The perspective of adult primary care resident physicians
Authors: Hankin Mark H. , Harmon Derek J. , Martindale James R. , Niculescu Iuliana , Aschmetat Adrienne , Mertens Amy N. , Hanke Rachel E. , Koo Andrew S. , Kraus Anthony E. , Payne James A. , Feldman Michael J. , Soltero Mariscal Enrique
Published: January 2023

Curricular development and modification involve first identifying a problem and then performing a needs assessment, which can guide the design of curricular components. Pedagogical changes, coupled with reductions in curricular time for gross anatomy, pose challenges and impose restrictions within medical school curricula. In order to make anatomy education effective and efficient, it is important to determine the anatomy considered essential for medical education through a targeted needs assessment. In this study, 50 adult primary care resident physicians in family medicine (FM) and internal medicine (IM) were surveyed to assess the importance of 907 anatomical structures, or groups of structures, across all anatomical regions from a curated list based on the boldface terms in four primary anatomy texts. There were no statistically significant differences in the ratings of structures between the two groups for any anatomical region. In total, 17.0% of structures, or groups of structures, were classified as essential, 58.0% as more important, 24.4% as less important, and 0.7% as not important. FM residents rated tissues classified as skeleton, nerves, fasciae, anatomical spaces, blood vessels, lymphatics, and surface anatomy (p < 0.0001) significantly higher than IM residents, but there were no differences in the rating of muscles or organs (p > 0.0056). It was notable that 100.0% of cranial nerves were classified as essential, and 94.5% of surface anatomy structures were classified as essential or more important. It is proposed that results of this study can serve to inform curricular development and revision.
Advancing Electrode Properties through Functionalization for Solid Oxide Cells Application: A Review
Authors: Dey Shoroshi , Chaudhary Saroj , Parvatalu Damaraju , Mukhopadhyay Madhumita , Sharma Abhijit Das , Mukhopadhyay Jayanta
Published: January 2023

Hydrogen energy has emerged as the only renewable which is capable of sustaining the prevalent energy crisis in conjunction with other intermittent sources. In this connection, solid oxide cell (SOC) is the most sustainable solid‐state devices capable of recycling and reproducing green hydrogen fuel. It is operable in reversible modes viz, fuel cell (FC) and electrolysis cell (EC). SOC is capable of engaging multiple fuels thereby promoting carbon neutral planet. The all‐solid design further augments the optimization of cost, efficiency, durability and endurance at higher temperature. Electrodes are therefore, an important component which is responsible for electrocatalytic processing of fuel and oxidant for higher recyclability of cell/stack. The present review article embarks a detailed overview on the past and present status of electrode composition, heterointerface engineering applicable for SOC's. Recent trends in electrode engineering and the possibilities for advancement in SOC is also reviewed with respect to both experimental and computational aspects.
Exponential finite‐time couple‐group consensus for agents in cooperative‐competitive networks via pinning method
Authors: Ji Lianghao , Wu Rong , Zhang Cuijuan , Yang Shasha , Li Huaqing
Published: January 2023

This paper investigates the exponential finite‐time couple‐group consensus problem for multi‐agent systems via pinning control method. Considering the hybrid cooperative and competitive interactions among the agents, a new nonlinear distributed control protocol is proposed. Under the pinning control scheme, the criteria for guaranteeing the system with weakly connected communication topology achieve exponential couple‐group consensus in finite time are obtained, and the pinning control strategies are presented as well. Furthermore, the results show that the settling time for the system to reach consensus is independent of the initial states of the agents. Finally, the correctness of our results is verified by some simulations.
Evidence from the Autism Transitions Research Project (2017–2022): Capstone review and services research recommendations
Authors: Roux Anne M. , Shea Lindsay L. , Steinberg Hillary , Rast Jessica E. , Anderson Kristy A. , Hotez Emily , Rosenau Kashia , Kuo Alice , Assing‐Murray Evva , Shattuck Paul T.
Published: January 2023

Few funding sources have explicitly supported systems‐wide research to identify mechanisms for improving access, service delivery, outcomes and wellbeing for autistic transition‐age youth and young adults. We aimed to integrate findings from research produced through a five‐year federal Autism Transition Research Project (ATRP) cooperative agreement. This capstone review sought to: (1) map the body of scientific evidence that emerged from this federal award, and (2) identify remaining evidence gaps to inform future autism transition services research. We used scoping review methods to assess 31 ATRP‐funded published scientific studies. We charted study characteristics, topical domains, socio‐ecological levels of variables, focus on equity, and inclusion of autistic participants. We evaluated how these topics were addressed across studies to identify continued gaps in the evidence base. Compared to prior published reviews and research agendas, we found improvements in characterization of study participants, broader examination of socio‐ecological correlates, and examination of multiple outcome domains. However, we also identified continued deficits in inclusion of autistic study participants, use of multisectoral data, and research with a strong focus on equity. Our recommended priorities for autism transition services research to facilitate healthy life outcomes and wellbeing included: continued analysis of population‐level data and improved data infrastructure; development of service delivery methods and interventions that target marginalized groups; expanded research to inform improvements in the performance and coordination of complex service ecosystems that interface with autistic youth; and bolstering the roles of autistic research participants.
National and subnational burden of brain and central nervous system cancers in Iran, 1990–2019: Results from the global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Mahdavi Mahdi , Moghaddam Sahar Saeedi , Abbasi‐Kangevari Mohsen , Mohammadi Esmaeil , Shobeiri Parnian , Sharifi Guive , Jafari Ali , Rezaei Negar , Ebrahimi Narges , Rezaei Nazila , Ghamari Seyyed‐Hadi , Malekpour Mohammad‐Reza , Khalili Majid , Larijani Bagher , Kompani Farzad
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Central nervous system cancers (CNS cancers) impose a significant burden upon healthcare systems worldwide. Currently, the lack of a comprehensive study to assess various epidemiological indexes of CNS cancers on national and subnational scales in Iran can hamper healthcare planning and resource allocation in this regard. This study aims to fill this gap by providing estimates of CNS cancer epidemiological measures on national and subnational levels in Iran from 1990 to 2019.

Materials and Methods

This study is a part of Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 that contains epidemiological measures including prevalence, incidence, mortality, Disability‐Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), and Years of Life Lost (YLLs) of CNS cancers. Age standardization was utilized for comparing different provinces.

Results

In 2019, 5811 (95% Uncertainty Interval: 2942–7046) national new cases and 3494 (1751–4173) deaths due to CNS cancers were reported. National age‐standardized incidence (ASIR), deaths (ASDR), and DALYs rates were 7.3 (3.7–8.8), 4.6 (2.3–5.5), and 156.4 (82.0–187.0) per 100,000 in 2019, respectively. Subnational results revealed that ASDR and ASIR have increased in the past 30 years in all provinces. Although incidence rates have increased in all age groups and genders since 1990, death rates have remained the same for most age groups and genders except for young patients aged under 15, where a decrease in mortality and YLLs can be observed.

Conclusion

The incidence, deaths, and DALYs of CNS cancers increased at national and subnational levels. These findings should be considered for planning and resource allocation.
LINC00669 promotes lung adenocarcinoma growth by stimulating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Jinhong , Cao Kui , Zhang Ping , Ma Jianqun
Published: January 2023

Lung cancer poses severe threats to human health. It is indispensable to discover more druggable molecular targets. We identified a novel dysregulated long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA), LINC00669, in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) by analyzing the TCGA and GEO databases. Pan‐cancer analysis indicated significantly upregulated LINC00669 across 33 cancer types. GSEA revealed a tight association of LINC00669 with the cell cycle. We next attempted to improve the prognostic accuracy of this lncRNA by establishing a risk signature in reliance on cell cycle genes associated with LINC00669. The resulting risk score combined with LINC00669 and stage showed an AUC of 0.746. The risk score significantly stratified LUAD patients into low‐ and high‐risk subgroups, independently predicting prognosis. Its performance was verified by nomogram (C‐index = 0.736) and decision curve analysis. Gene set variation analysis disclosed the two groups' molecular characteristics. We also evaluated the tumor immune microenvironment by dissecting 28 infiltrated immune cells, 47 immune checkpoint gene expressions, and immunophenoscore within the two subgroups. Furthermore, the risk signature could predict sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors and other anticancer therapies. Eventually, in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to validate LINC00669's function using qRT‐PCR, CCK8, flow cytometry, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. The gain‐ and loss‐of‐function study substantiated LINC00669's oncogenic effects, which stimulated non‐small cell lung cancer cell proliferation but reduced apoptosis via activating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Its oncogenic potentials were validated in the xenograft mouse model. Overall, we identified a novel oncogenic large intergenic non‐coding RNA (lincRNA), LINC00669. The resulting signature may facilitate predicting prognosis and therapy responses in LUAD.
Two New Compounds Isolated from the Leaves of Ohwia caudata and Their Neuroprotective Effect against LPS‐Induced BV2 Cells
Authors: Jin Chengwu , Chen Liang , Kuang Zhulingzhi , Sun Yiwei , Meng Dali
Published: January 2023

From the dried leaves of Ohwia caudata, two new compounds, namely (4E)‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐butenoic acid butyl ester (1), and 4‐benzyl‐1,3‐phenylenedicarbamic acid methyl ester (2), together with five known compounds, were isolated and identified. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were established using 1D‐NMR, 2D‐NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS spectral analysis. Previous studies on O. caudata had been reported to protect against Alzheimer's disease, two new compounds were evaluated for their neuroprotective effect against lipopolysaccharide‐induced BV2 microglia cells. The result indicated two compounds showed well anti‐neuroinflammatory activity at 12.5 μM.
Anti‐biofilm Activity of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Clinical Strains of Streptococcus agalactiae with Diverse Capsular and Sequence Types
Authors: Moore Rebecca E. , Spicer Sabrina K. , Talbert Julie A. , Manning Shannon D. , Townsend Steven D. , Gaddy Jennifer A.
Published: January 2023

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is an encapsulated Gram‐positive bacterial pathogen that causes severe perinatal infections. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are short‐chain sugars that have recently been shown to possess antimicrobial and anti‐biofilm activity against a variety of bacterial pathogens, including GBS. We have expanded these studies to demonstrate that HMOs can inhibit and dismantle biofilm in both invasive and colonizing strains of GBS. A cohort of 30 diverse strains of GBS were analyzed for susceptibility to HMO‐dependent biofilm inhibition or destruction. HMOs were significantly effective at inhibiting biofilm in capsular‐type‐ and sequence‐type‐specific fashion, with significant efficacy in CpsIb, CpsII, CpsIII, CpsV, and CpsVI strains as well as ST‐1, ST‐12, ST‐19, and ST‐23 strains. Interestingly, CpsIa as well as ST‐7 and ST‐17 were not susceptible to the anti‐biofilm activity of HMOs, underscoring the strain‐specific effects of these important antimicrobial molecules against the perinatal pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae.
Importance of Electron Mediator Transparency: Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Polyoxometalate using Dye‐double‐layered Photocatalysts
Authors: Yoshimura Nobutaka , Tomita Osamu , Abe Ryu , Yoshida Masaki , Kobayashi Atsushi
Published: January 2023

One‐directional electron transfer is crucial for two‐step photoexcitation (Z‐scheme) water‐splitting photocatalysis. We investigated the hydrogen evolution activity of PS‐double‐layered photocatalysts (X‐DSP, X‐RuCP6‐Zr‐RuP6@Pt/KxH4‐xNb6O17; X=Zr4+, H+) in the presence of highly charged polyoxometalates‐K6[SiVIVW11O40] ⋅ nH2O (VIV‐POM) and K6[SiW11O39MnII(H2O)] ⋅ nH2O (MnII‐POM)‐as redox‐reversible electron donors, to induce effective photocatalyst‐donor electrostatic attraction. Surface‐phosphonate‐comprising H+‐DSP completely one‐electron oxidized VIV‐POM with 0.39 % apparent quantum yield in the initial hour (iAQY) in both HCl and phosphate buffer aqueous solutions. Conversely, the Zr4+‐DSP iAQY decreased to 0.05 % in HCl aq. Considering that the 0.39 % iAQY was retained when replacing VIV‐POM with MnII‐POM in HCl aq, we supposed that energy transfer deactivation from photoexcited PS* to surface‐immobilized VIV‐POM is the plausible origin of the lower iAQY, owing to the stronger visible‐light absorptivity of VIV‐POM. This suggests that accumulation of visible‐light‐transparent electron mediator on the photocatalyst surface is an effective approach for one‐directional electron transfer in Z‐scheme water‐splitting photocatalysis.