bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MÚLTIPLOS ABSCESSOS ESPLÊNICOS EM PACIENTE COM CIRROSE HEPÁTICA NO AMAZONAS
Authors: Santos Ana Raisa Jatahy , Eufrasio Gabriela Santiago , Barbosa Fabiana Ferreira , Rocha Cristina Melo , Sakamoto Ziza Emi , Storino Aline de Vasconcelos Costa e Sá
Published: October 2024

A 38-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of liver cirrhosis for 5 years, irregularly treated with lactulose and furosemide, presented with fever, confusion, fatigue, jaundice, and ventilator-dependent pleuritic pain when seeking medical attention. Upon examination, he was lucid but exhibited slowed thinking, a sleep-wake cycle inversion, and flapping. The physical examination revealed edema in the lower limbs, jaundice, and pain in the left subcostal region. Due to the presence of decompensated cirrhosis, monitoring and diagnostic investigation for possible etiologies were initiated. Laboratory tests, ECG, chest X-ray, and echocardiogram were performed. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed splenomegaly with regular contours and heterogeneous attenuation coefficients, showing hypodense, non-enhancing collections occupying the entire upper half, as well as a left pleural effusion and signs of chronic liver disease and portal hypertension. A transverse incision was made, revealing splenomegaly with the presence of thick fluid collections in the upper pole of the spleen, consistent with a diagnosis of splenic abscess. The patient progressed to hypovolemic shock and underwent reoperation after 72 hours for active bleeding control. Ciprofloxacin and clindamycin were administered for 28 days. The patient improved well after discharge from the ICU, with clinical and laboratory improvement. Follow-up was conducted with amoxicillin 250 mg for two years, and he continues outpatient follow-up with a gastroenterologist. Splenic abscess (SA) usually arises from endocarditis or other forms of hematogenous transmission, such as pneumonias, gastrointestinal perforations, or arteriovenous malformations. Although not always present, risk factors for the development of endocarditis include immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus, trauma, or microorganisms. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings and imaging studies (ultrasound and CT). Treatment depends on the number, size, and location of the abscesses. Antibiotic therapy can drastically reduce mortality associated with this condition, and percutaneous drainage has been successful. However, in some cases, splenectomy is necessary. Splenic abscess is a rare condition, and its early diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicion, and there is still no best approach for treatment.
OS EFEITOS DA REALIDADE VIRTUAL NA REABILITAÇÃO FISIOTERAPÊUTICA EM ATLETAS PÓS-ARTROPLASTIA TOTAL DE QUADRIL1
Authors: Santos Igor Oliveira , Silva Nathalya Caitano
Published: October 2024

Virtual reality has proven to be a tool with great potential in the physiotherapeutic rehabilitation of athletes after total hip arthroplasty. Since, it can offer a participatory and individualized experiment, causing exercises to be carried out in a controlled and safe way. Thus, the objective of the present work is to describe the effects of virtual reality in physiotherapeutic rehabilitation, where total hip arthroplasty in athletes was understood, and, consequently, the advantages of virtual reality in recovery were reported; as well as pointing out the effects of VR on post-THA recovery in athletes – its research and evidence – and presenting the role of physiotherapy with regard to practical applications. Therefore, this research presents itself as inclusive and varied, as it is an integrative review of the literature that has methodological aspects based on qualitative analysis. Regarding the effects of VR on recovery, it was observed that virtual reality provides the reproduction of specific environments of the sport that the athlete practices, authorizing a differentiated recovery, adapted to the physical actions of each sporting variant.
A Study on the Issues of Connoisseurship and Collection Seals Jointly Included in Two Tang Dynasty Calligraphy and Painting Documents - Focusing on the Examination of “Shu Shu Fu” and “Li Dai Ming Hua Ji”
Authors: Li Cheng
Published: October 2024

The Dou brothers’ Shu Shu Fu (Ode to the Depictions of Calligraphy) and Zhang Yanyuan’s Li Dai Ming Hua Ji (Record of Famous Painters of the past) are the only two documents dating back to the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907) and earlier periods with detailed descriptions of calligraphy and painting connoisseurship and collection seals, which provide essential references for research in calligraphy and painting connoisseurship, fine art history, and connoisseurship and collection history for later generations, thus possessing an irreplaceable historical value. The section “Yin Yan” (Connoisseurship and Collection Seals) of the “Shu Shu Fu” contains a collection of 18 seals dating back to the Tang Dynasty and earlier periods. Among these, 17 were referenced in the article “Xu Gu Jin Gong Si Yin Ji” (The Record of Ancient and Modern Public and Private Seals) from the “Li Dai Ming Hua Ji”, which conducted extensive research on these specific seals. Based on this comprehensive study, the total number of seals mentioned in the article was expanded to 51. In terms of structural pattern and seal documentation, the two books exhibit an apparent hereditary relationship as well as notable differences. Therefore, this paper aims to conduct a comparative analysis of their styles, writing purposes, editing and compiling ideas, seal order, emphasis on content, etc., in order to unveil the process of knowledge generation pertaining connoisseurship and collection seal records during the Tang dynasty. Additionally, the paper will also compare and collate the seals recorded in both books, and verify relevant historical materials.
CONNOTATIVE MEANING OF VERBAL AND VISUAL SIGNS IN WHAT CAN’T MILK DO? ADVERTISEMENT
Authors: Ayu Meriandari Ni Rai , Dian Puspita Candra Komang , Andri Permana I Putu
Published: October 2024

This research is entitled Connotative meaning of verbal and visual sign in “What Can’t Milk Do?” Advertisement. This study is conducted with the aims to analysed the connotative meaning of verbal and visual signs contain in “What Can’t Milk Do?” advertisement. Verbal and visual communication tools that are used by human to interact, whether through messages, sounds, pictures, and gestures. The data were taken from the YouTube platform. The data were collected by observation method. The analysis was done by the descriptive qualitative method. The study started by analysing verbal and visual signs which is based on the theory of semiotic by Saussure (1893). Then, the analysis of the connotative meaning of the verbal and visual signs was done by using the theory of meaning proposed by Barthes (1977). In addition, the study of colors was done using the approach of color term submitted by Wierzbicka (1996). The connotative meaning from this advertisement want to remind the viewers that milk is not only just an ordinary beverage but it can turn you into a morning person and get you through tough tasks, while also forming the basis for everything from health-conscious food or to decadent desserts and from the advertisement we can found verbal and non-verbal sign and the meaning of an advertisement.
BEBERAPA PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGI SASTRA: DARI STRUKTURALISME GENETIK KE RESEPSI SASTRA
Authors: Jupriono D. , Ibnu Rochim Achluddin , Ismail Hasan
Published: October 2024

Di bawah sosiologi sastra, antar-perspektif teoretis menunjukkan kekhasan pandangan masing-masing. Strukturalisme genetik memandang bahwa karya sastra memiliki struktur tertentu dan lahir dari proses historis tertentu. Kajian sastra dan politik menegaskan bahwa sastrawan dan karyanya hendaknya terlibat aktif dalam seluruh proses politik dan pembangunan masyarakatnya. Teori hegemoni sastra menegaskan perlunya pembongkaran substansi karya sastra sebagai siasat penguasa dalam mencari legitimasi dan dukungan politis dari rakyat. Kritik sastra feminis mengupayakan pembacaan karya sastra dari perspektif pembaca sebagai perempuan untuk membongkar dominasi patriarki. Teori estetika resepsi sastra mengemukakan bahwa perubahan tafsir suatu karya antarperiode dan antarpembaca terjadi karena perbedaan horizon pembaca dan tempat terbuka bagi setiap karya sastra.
Cross cultural Marketing: A Study on Cultural Adaptability in the Context of Globalization
Authors: Sun Jinxi
Published: October 2024

In an increasingly interconnected global marketplace, the effectiveness of cross-cultural marketing has become a critical determinant of success for multinational businesses. This paper delves into the importance of cultural adaptability in marketing strategies, underscoring the necessity for companies to navigate the complexities of diverse cultural landscapes. The paper begins by outlining the theoretical foundations of culture, emphasizing the dimensions that significantly influence consumer behavior and preferences. It highlights how an in-depth understanding of these cultural dimensions can inform the development of effective marketing strategies that resonate across different cultural contexts. The paper then discusses the strategic importance of market segmentation and positioning, illustrating how businesses can identify and target distinct consumer groups based on shared cultural characteristics. It explores the concept of product and brand localization, explaining how the adaptation of products and branding to suit local cultural norms is essential for market penetration and consumer acceptance. Furthermore, the paper examines the role of culturally congruent communication campaigns in building brand awareness and fostering consumer relationships.
Predictive Diagnostic Model for Early Osteoporosis Detection Using Deep Learning and Multimodal Imaging Data: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ogbonna Chidiebere , Onuiri Ernest E.
Published: October 2024

Osteoporosis is a common condition that weakens bones, making them more prone to fractures. Early detection is crucial for preventing fractures and improving patients’ quality of life. However, traditional methods, such as Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), often struggle to accurately predict fracture risk and may overlook minor changes in bone structure. This study focuses on developing a predictive model for early osteoporosis detection using deep learning algorithms combined with various imaging techniques, including MRI, CT, and High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (HR-pQCT). A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between 2014 and 2024 were conducted, examining the use of deep learning models applied to multimodal imaging data. The meta-analysis highlighted differences in the accuracy and effectiveness of various models, and their performance was measured in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, following PRISMA guidelines. The results showed that deep learning models outperformed traditional methods in early osteoporosis detection. The use of multiple imaging techniques provided a more detailed assessment of bone health, allowing the models to identify complex patterns that are difficult for human interpretation. These models demonstrated high accuracy and significant potential for improving clinical decision-making. By integrating deep learning with multimodal imaging, this approach offers a promising solution for enhancing the early detection of osteoporosis. The models tested in this study proved to be highly effective, yielding more accurate fracture risk predictions and enabling earlier interventions. This could lead to better patient outcomes and reduced healthcare costs.
Neuromotor and Neurosensory Impairment among High Risk Infants at One Year of Age – Risk Factor Analysis
Authors: Rajaretnam Sugindar Vinoth , Abimannan Vedapriya , Kadirvel Karthikeyan , Srinivasan Padmanaban
Published: October 2024

Background: Improvement in the quality of perinatal care in the last few decades has led on to improve newborn survival. Sick neonates who have survived are exposed to high risk factors in the prenatal period and are termed as high risk infants (HRIn). This study aimed at determining the proportion of neuromotor and neurosensory impairments among HRIn.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care centre in South India between January 2020 and December 2021. Study population comprised of intramural high risk infants fulfilling the criteria. At discharge infants were stratified as mild, moderate or severe risk for developing neurodevelopmental disorders and follow up plan was given. The subjects were assessed at 4, 6, 8 and 12 month for impairments.
Results: Total 138 infants were enrolled and 88 completed follow up. Lost for follow up was 36.2%. The impairments detected with respect to motor and vision were 12.5% and 1.1% respectively. Sepsis, seizures, birth asphyxia and preterm were robust prognostic factors for neuromotor impairment. Risk of tone abnormality was 13 times higher in infants who had sepsis. At risk for developmental delay was noticed in 11.4% of the study for which significant association was with prematurity, sepsis and birth asphyxia.
Discussion: HRIn are susceptible for neurodevelopmental impairments. Hence early identification and enrolment in intervention programs will ensure favorable outcomes.
Comparative Phenotypic and Genotypic Properties of Serratia marcescens Isolates from Clinical Cases from human in AL-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq
Authors: Sadeq Jenan Nadhim , Neamah Ahmed Jasim
Published: October 2024

Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. It is an opportunistic and facultative anaerobe. This study aims to determine the occurrence rates of Serratia marcescens in human clinical samples, investigate the pigM gene, sequence the isolates, and compare them with global isolates documented in the NCBI database. Fifty burn samples were collected from the specialized center for burns in AL-Diwaniyah province, along with 35 urine samples from individuals suffering from UTIs from Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital and various private laboratories. These samples were transferred in a cooled container to the microbiology lab at the Veterinary Medicine College, University of Al-Qadisiyah, for bacteriological assay. The samples were then cultured using selective and differential media. Following the purification of the cultured bacteria, biochemical tests were conducted to confirm the isolates. Results showed that 10 out of 85 samples (11.76%) were positive for Serratia marcescens. Culture positivity was most frequent in urine samples (17.1%), followed by burn samples (8%). Molecular methods revealed that human isolates gave 100% positive results for 16S rRNA. The study found that ten isolates of Serratia marcescens possess the pigM gene, with the 16S rRNA gene sequenced using the BLASTN algorithm of NCBI. All isolates were recorded under accession numbers (OR835629, OR835630, OR835631, OR835632, OR835633, OR835634, OR835635, OR835636, OR835637 and OR835638, showing 97-99% identity with isolates detected in China, India, and Nigeria. It can be concluded that the isolation rates of Serratia marcescens from urine samples are higher than those from burn samples. The sequencing results showed a 97-99% similarity with global isolates from China, India, and Nigeria.
Pattern of Family Planning in Bani-Talib village in Assiut, Egypt-cross Sectional Study
Authors: Abu Ibrahim Ismail Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Family planning programs have emerged as one of the most successful public health interventions of the 20th century, significantly improving maternal and child health outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and patterns of contraceptive use in Bani-Talib village, Assiut governorate, and to identify barriers to family planning method utilization. Conducted as part of a baseline survey by the Ministry of Health and Population in 2010, this cross-sectional study included all married women aged 15-49 in the village. Data were collected through structured questionnaires addressing demographic information and contraceptive practices. Ethical approval was obtained, and data were analyzed using SPSS.
The mean age of participants was 30.38 years, with an illiteracy rate of 63.8% and only 4.6% employed. The prevalence of contraceptive use was 46%, with 36.9% never having used any method. The most commonly used contraceptive method was the intrauterine device (IUD) at 40.4%, followed by injectables (32%) and oral contraceptive pills (22.1%). Major barriers to contraceptive use included newly married status (34.9%), cost (24.8%), and concerns about infertility (20.2%). The findings revealed no significant differences in contraceptive use related to education, employment status, or number of children, but age was significantly associated with usage patterns.
The results highlight the need for targeted interventions to address barriers to contraceptive use and increase awareness of family planning among men. Future studies should further explore family planning utilization patterns in urban versus rural settings in Egypt. Enhanced training for healthcare providers is also recommended to improve family planning service delivery in rural communities.
An analysis of Hospital Service Quality (HSQ) by studying the two major private Hospitals of Raipur city of Chhattisgarh
Authors: Mir Dr. Altaf Yousuf , Kishan Dr. Satya , Dixit Dr. Ila , Guru Dr. Shivani , Behera Dr. Bhanu Prasad
Published: October 2024

Service quality has been one of the important parameters when we try to achieve the patient satisfaction index. Organizations imparting services particularly related to patient care majorly focus on its quality. Quality of delivery of services is an utmost important tool. Every patient or an attendant of the patient has some perception in his mind or expectation when he visits a hospital regarding the treatment and care provided. If there is a major gap between the service delivery and quality of services, the outcome of the services will be dissatisfaction. If there is no major gap between the two or the quality of services provided meets more than their expectations, the outcome of the services will be highly satisfactory.  In this study, a comparative analysis has been done between the two major private hospitals of the Raipur City of Chhattisgarh. The data is primary, and it is collected from the OPD follow-up, indoor patients, and the attendants who visited the hospitals and stayed at least three days for their treatment.  (Word count: 170).
MEDIAÇÃO, ARBITRAGEM & TRIBUNAIS DE CONTAS
Authors: Castro Filho Levy Pinto de , Carvalho Vanessa Cerqueira Reis de
Published: October 2024

O presente trabalho pretende lançar luz quanto aos meios consensuais de composição de litígios pela Administração Pública. Dentre os métodos adequados de solução de conflitos (MASCs), a mediação e a arbitragem exercem papel de destaque nos cenários nacional e internacional. A utilização desses institutos junto à Administração Pública se revela como uma real possibilidade de contribuição para a redução da quantidade de demandas judiciais e composição dos interesses das partes envolvidas. No tocante à mediação, o artigo pretende destacar alguns tópicos sobre composição extrajudicial de conflitos envolvendo a Administração Pública, oferecendo um contributo para a participação do Sistema Tribunal de Contas neste novo horizonte. No que se refere à arbitragem, o trabalho irá abordar os limites de atuação do Tribunal de Contas, quando da análise das decisões arbitrais, sem afastar o seu importante papel na fiscalização no controle das finanças públicas. Traz como proposta conciliadora a possibilidade de atuação no auxílio da execução da sentença arbitral, no exato termo do decidido, de acordo com a boa governança. Sem prejuízo de atuação ampla, no caso de fraude comprovada ou improbidade administrativa.
A review of medicinal, chemical, and pharmacological properties of Cissus cornifolia (Baker) Planch. (Vitaceae family)
Authors: Maroyi Alfred
Published: October 2024

Cissus cornifolia (Baker) Planch. is a scandent shrub used as food and traditional medicine in tropical Africa. The present review compiles existing information on the medicinal uses, chemical, and pharmacological properties of C. cornifolia. Literature searches on the traditional, medicinal, phytochemistry, and biological activities of C. cornifolia were conducted using online databases which included Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus®, SpringerLink®, ScienceDirect®, SciELO, and PubMed®, as well as using pre-electronic literature sources obtained from the university library. The current study showed that fruits, bark, leaf sap, leaves, root bark, roots, rootstock, stem bark, and twigs of C. cornifolia are used against 33 human and animal ailments and diseases. The chemical evaluation of the plant revealed that it contains alkaloids, alkanes, methyl esters, steroids, triterpenoids, organo heterosilane, prenylated benzo-lactone, cardiac glycosides, catechol, coumarins, flavonoids, fatty acids, phenolics, dicarboxylic acid, saponins, terpenoids, and tannins. Ethnopharmacological evaluations showed that the crude extracts and chemical compounds isolated from the species have antifungal, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, anti-diabetic, antidiarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative, central nervous system depressant, nematicidal and neuropharmacological activities. Detailed studies focusing on toxicological evaluations, in vivo studies, and clinical assessments aimed at corroborating the documented traditional medical uses of C. cornifolia are recommended.
The Value of Elastography in the Detection of Prostate Cancer – Clinical Experience
Authors: Antonov Petar , Krastev Plamen , Raycheva Gabriela , Ivanov Atanas , Popov Veselin , Hristova Eleonora , Timev Aleksander
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of real-time shear wave elastography (SWE) in prostate cancer diagnosis in patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen values and abnormal results on digital rectal examination. This study included 74 patients (mean age 68.3 years) with suspected prostate cancer – prostate-specific antigen>4 ng/mL and abnormal digital rectal examination. All patients scheduled for transrectal ultrasound biopsy of the prostate underwent standard transrectal ultrasonography and SWE.
The reported sensitivity and specificity of SWE in the various studies varied widely, from 43–96% and 33–96%, respectively. This study showed that patients with elevated levels of prostate-specific antigen, abnormal digital rectal examination, and negative SWE may not require a biopsy which could significantly reduce the number of biopsies performed.
Determination and Quantification of Folpet in Barley using HPLC-DAD Analysis
Authors: Kovacevik Biljana , Mitrev Sasa , Arsov Emilija , Ruzdik Natalija , Todevska Daniela
Published: October 2024

Although rоutinе pesticide analysеs are mostly performed using GC-MS, GC-MS/MS and/or LC-MS/MS, some pesticides especially those with relatively high MRLs and good detector response could also be precisely quantified with less sensitive equipment which gives the opportunity to some laboratories to expand their scope of work. The study focuses on HPLC-DAD method development for detection of folpet in barley grain. QuEChERS method was performed for extraction after which, additional clean-up was performed using PSA and polypropylene filtration. Pesticide separation was achieved using mobile phase of acidified CAN (pH 2.5) and water. The initial mobile phase was 60:40% (v/v), the elution gradient starts from 80:20% (v/v) to 100:0% (v/v) in 7 min and holds 100:0% (v/v) up to 8.5 min at a flow rate of 1 ml/min after which in the next 6.5 min the column was re-equilibrated to 40% phase-B.
Calibration was performed using matrix-matched calibration standards. The obtained limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.18 and 0.55 mg/kg, respectively, and the linear regression coefficient was 0.9973. Recovery, repeatability and  reproducibility were investigated at three fortification levels (0.1 mg/kg, 0.6 mg/kg, and 1.6 mg/kg) and were found acceptable with relative standard deviation less than 10%. The method was applied for the analysis of three barley grain samples obtained from different producers and showed that folpet was present in one sample below the LOQ. Overall, the developed method is suitable for the determination of folpet in barley grains at levels below the established MRL of 1 mg/kg.
Target protein identification in live cells and organisms with a non-diffusive proximity tagging system
Authors: Sun Yingjie , Li Changheng , Deng Xiaofei , Li Wenjie , Deng Xiaoyi , Ge Weiqi , Shi Miaoyuan , Guo Ying , Yu Yanxun V , Zhou Hai-Bing , Jin Youngnam N
Published: October 2024

Identifying target proteins for bioactive molecules is essential for understanding their mechanisms, developing improved derivatives, and minimizing off-target effects. Despite advances in target identification (target-ID) technologies, significant challenges remain, impeding drug development. Most target-ID methods use cell lysates, but maintaining an intact cellular context is vital for capturing specific drug-protein interactions, such as those with transient protein complexes and membrane-associated proteins. To address these limitations, we developed POST-IT (Pup-On-target for Small molecule Target Identification Technology), a non-diffusive proximity tagging system for live cells, orthogonal to the eukaryotic system. POST-IT utilizes an engineered fusion of proteasomal accessory factor A (PafA) and HaloTag to transfer Pup to proximal proteins upon directly binding to the small molecule. After significant optimization to eliminate self-pupylation and polypupylation, minimize depupylation, and optimize chemical linkers, POST-IT successfully identified known targets and discovered a new binder, SEPHS2, for dasatinib, and VPS37C as a new target for hydroxychloroquine, enhancing our understanding these drugs’ mechanisms of action. Furthermore, we demonstrated the application of POST-IT in live zebrafish embryos, highlighting its potential for broad biological research and drug development.
Educação financeira para jovens e adultos: um estudo sobre conhecimento, endividamento e impacto psicossocial
Authors: Rodrigues André , Freitas Claudia Regina de , Freitas Claudio Luiz de
Published: October 2024

Este estudo investiga a conscientização sobre a educação financeira entre jovens e adultos, especialmente no contexto brasileiro, onde o conhecimento sobre gestão financeira pessoal é limitado. Utilizando uma abordagem quantitativa, a pesquisa envolveu 54 participantes universitários, das áreas de saúde e gestão, com idades entre 18 e 45 anos. Os resultados indicam que a falta de conhecimento financeiro contribui significativamente para o individualismo, com impacto direto na saúde mental dos indivíduos. O estudo destaca a importância da inclusão da educação financeira nas escolas e universidades como uma ferramenta essencial para preparar as pessoas para tomarem decisões financeiras mais informadas, gerenciando suas finanças e evitando dívidas. Além disso, a pesquisa aponta a necessidade de desenvolver habilidades que melhorem a capacidade de poupar e investir, promovendo um futuro financeiro mais seguro e estável. Sugere-se a implementação da educação financeira como uma estratégia preventiva para mitigar os efeitos negativos do consumo e do endividamento sobre a qualidade de vida dos jovens adultos.
Predicting Hass Avocado Maturity with NIR Spectroscopy for Non-invasive Dry Matter Estimation in Hass Avocados
Authors: Amondi Mercy , Ombiro Jared , Birech Zephania , Oeba Duke
Published: October 2024

Aims: To develop a rapid, non-invasive method for predicting Hass avocado maturity using near- infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (NIR-DRS) combined with machine learning algorithms, and to identify the optimal NIR wavelength range for accurate dry matter content prediction.
Study Design: An experimental design involving spectral data collection from Hass avocados and the development of machine learning models for dry matter prediction.
Methodology: Spectral data from 200 Hass avocados were collected using near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (900-2500 nm). To improve the quality of the spectral data and reduce noise, standard normal variate was used to correct for scattering and remove unwanted variability in the spectral data. PCA was then performed to reduce the dimension of the spectral data while retaining the most significant variance. Following preprocessing, machine learning models, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), were trained to predict dry matter content, and the optimal wavelength range was determined for accurate prediction.
Results: The CNN model demonstrated superior performance for dry matter prediction with R² of 0.91 in the testing set. The wavelength range of 1000-1500 nm was identified as optimal, offering accurate predictions while reducing computational complexity. This range shows potential for developing cost-effective NIR devices for real-time maturity assessment.
Conclusion: NIR spectroscopy combined with machine learning offers a non-invasive, accurate method for predicting avocado dry matter, with potential applications for quality control in the avocado industry. The findings demonstrate that focusing on specific wavelength ranges can lead to more affordable and efficient NIR solutions.
Bulb Yield and Economic Return of Onion (Allium cepa L.) as Influenced by the Application of Integrated Nutrient Management at Selekleka, Northwestern Zone of Tigray, North Ethiopia
Authors: Kidanu Yohannes Gebremichael
Published: October 2024

Onion is an important crop as a condiment and income generation for smallholder farmers in northwestern Zone of Tigray. However, Continuous use of inorganic fertilizers and inappropriate soil fertility management practices are among the major factors limiting onion productivity in the North Western Tigray. Therefore, a field experiment was undertaken in selekleka district from October 2015 to June 2016 to assess the effects of integrated nutrient management on bulb yield and economic return of onion (Allium cepa L.). The treatments consisted of combinations of two rates of farmyard manure (FYM) (10 and 20 t ha-1) and two rates of vermicompost (VC) (2.5 and 5 t ha-1) each combined with three rates of nitrogen (25, 50 and 75) of recommended N fertilizers, RDF. In addition, 100% RDF N (69 kg N ha-1), 100% (5 t ha-1) of VC, 100% (20 t ha-1) FYM and zero rates (unfertilized treatment) were used for comparison. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. (ANOVA) revealed that combined application of 5 t ha-1 VC+50% inorganic N fertilizers recorded the highest bulb yield (35.13 t ha-1) and economic return (246,354 Birr ha-1). On the other hand, the lowest bulb yield (18.48 t ha-1) and economic net return (143,018 Birr ha-1) were obtained from the control. It could, thus, be concluded that, based on the partial budget analysis and bulb yield result the application of 5 t ha-1 vermicompost and 50 % recommended inorganic nitrogen was the appropriate combination for better onion production and economic return in the study area.
Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Quiescent Fluid over a Moving Flat Surface
Authors: Kirimi Erick Mutwiri
Published: October 2024

Optimizing thermal control methods and enhancing the efficiency of various engineering processes, such as the cooling of hot moving surfaces, is imperative. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate heat transfer and temperature distributions across moving surfaces in stationary fluids. In this study, the combined effects of viscous dissipation, temperature-dependent viscosity, and a moving surface in a quiescent fluid on the temperature and velocity profiles are investigated. A two-dimensional steady laminar boundary layer flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid, driven by the movement of the surface where viscosity is an inverse function of temperature, is analyzed. The effects of flow parameters, including Reynolds number, Eckert number, Prandtl number, variable viscosity, and surface velocity on temperature and velocity profiles, are determined. The governing boundary layer partial differential equations are transformed into non-dimensional form and solved using the central finite difference numerical method, implemented in MATLAB software. The numerical results demonstrate that an increase in the Reynolds number and the variable viscosity parameter leads to an increase in the velocity profiles. Additionally, an increase in Reynolds number, Prandtl number, variable viscosity, and surface velocity leads to a decrease in temperature profiles. Finally, an increase in the Eckert number results in higher temperature profiles. Therefore, with suitable flow parameters, the temperature of the fluid can be regulated. These findings are useful in cooling hot sheets or metallic plates drawn over a quiescent fluid to obtain high-quality final products.
Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Agroforestry Systems in Togo
Authors: Kadanga Pana , Tchabi Atti , Ablede Komlan Adigninou , M’BOUMBA Etienne Blaise , Ametefe Komivi Exonam , Kondow Moubarak
Published: October 2024

This study aims to assess the diversity and prevalence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with cocoa trees in different agroforests of the agroecological zones of cocoa production in Togo. The substrates, consisting of soil samples, were collected from twenty-four (24) cocoa orchards belonging to four types of agroforests (< 10 years, 10 to 20 years, 21 to 30 years, and > 30 years) in the three agroecological subzones of cocoa production (Agou peneplain, piedmonts, and plains and plateaus and mountains) of Togo. These samples were used to trap in pots the AMF spores associated with cocoa trees using sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) as a reference trap plant. The culture was maintained for 12 months in a greenhouse after which the densities and diversity of the spores were evaluated. The AMF spores extracted were identified based on morphological criteria. The results showed a great diversity of spores identified in the different agroforests. A total of thirty species of AMF belonging to sixteen genera and nine families (Acaulosporaceae, Ambisporaceae, Archaeosporaceae, Gigasporaceae, Claroideoglomeraceae, Dentiscutataceae, Diversiporaceae, Glomeraceae and Paraglomeraceae) were identified. Furthermore, the study revealed the predominance of the genera Rhizophagus, Acaulospora, and Gigaspora. However, the less frequent genera are represented by Entrophospora, Ambispora, Archaeospora, Cetraspora, Racocetra, Dentiscutata, Diversipora, and Paraglomus. The most frequent species were Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Acaulospora scorbiculata and Acaulospora sp. Results showed that AMF spore density varied from 16 spores/gram of soil in young plantations entering production and old plantations to 37 spores/gram of soil in mature plantations in production on the Agou peneplain. Finally, the highest AMF densities were recorded in agroforests less than 30 years old.
This study has identified a great diversity of AMF associated with cocoa orchards in the different agroforests and some strains could be used as biofertilizers for sustainable cocoa production in Togo.
Graph Databases: Revolutionizing Database Design and Data Analysis
Authors: Baqal Hawzheen Mohammed Ali , Sidiq Mashkhal Abdalwahid
Published: October 2024

Traditional Relational databases have been in use for a while over the structured data and popular for a wide range of database management. However, with the increase in size and interconnection of data graph databases became more appealing due to its robustness and flexibility. Mathematical graph structures are used to represent, store and retrieve data in graph databases, which can be a paradigm shift for database design with powerful data capabilities. This article provides a basic overview of the state-of-the art graph databases, their use cases as well as some of the key advantages they can provide when compared to others traditional ways of storing data. Moreover, it consists of what is a graph database to its advantages and limitations and stating so why they are comparatively getting important to the world of data management.
Runoff Dynamics and Soil Erosion Assessment using a SWAT Model at Upper Cauvery River Basin
Authors: K C Karthik , M Prashanta , D Ravikumar , Devagiri G M , K V Murali
Published: October 2024

The increasing availability of geospatial datasets on watershed characteristics and hydro-meteorological variables emphasises the importance of integrated hydrological models for effective catchment management. Climatic and physiographic determinants such as topography, land use, soil properties, and anthropogenic interventions substantially influence a catchment's hydrological equilibrium. The SWAT model was used to elucidate rainfall-runoff dynamics in the Upper Cauvery River Basin, Karnataka, India (36,682 km²), applying the SCS Curve Number (CN) method for runoff estimation. Runoff was estimated for 2012–2021 using rainfall data from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), soil data from the FAO, and land use/land cover and slope datasets.Soil erosion, exacerbated by intensified agricultural practices, was evaluated using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model integrated with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The SWAT model results showed that runoff accounted for 15-20% of the total precipitation, with an annual soil loss of 2027.95 tons. The predominance of agricultural land use, covering 66.29% of the basin, significantly contributed to high runoff, whereas the forested areas (26.48%) demonstrated a low runoff potential. About 38% of the basin exhibited a very low soil loss risk, while 11% was classified as high risk and 9% as very high risk. The SWAT model is recognized for its robustness, and this research aims to leverage its capabilities to validate its effectiveness in estimating runoff and erosion, providing crucial insights for advancing sustainable catchment resource management.
Standardization of Seed Production Technology of European Carrots in Cold Arid Trans-Himalayan Ladakh Region of India
Authors: Kanwar M. S.
Published: October 2024

European carrot is one of the most emerging root vegetables grown in India. These are very rich in carotene content. In Ladakh, the cold arid mountainous region, European carrots are very popular for root production. European carrot has a special significance in cold arid regions like Ladakh where breeding and seed production of European/ temperate type can be done due to congenial and favourable climate. As the European carrots are biennial for seed production, the root crop was produced in first season (crop season of 2012) and seed crop was raised in the next season (crop season of 2013). Climate of the area is typically dry temperate. Experiment consisting of two dates of replanting (29 March and 28 April), four diameter groups of stecklings (<20mm; 20-25mm; 25-30mm and >30mm) and two varieties of European carrots (Early Nantes and Pusa Yamdagni) conducted in the split split plot design with three replications. Replanting of steckling on 29 April took statistically lesser days to flowering and seed maturity. Diameter group of stecklings (>30mm) exhibited significantly shortest time to flower and seed maturity as well as statistically highest seed yield over all the other diameter groups except Diameter group (25-30mm). Carrot var. Early Nantes showed superiority for all the characters under study. Steckling diameter group (>30mm) x Variety E. Nantes produced statistically highest seed yield. Date of replant (29 March) x Diameter group (>30mm) x Variety E. Nantes generated highest seed yield. Carrot steckling replanting of variety Early Nantes in April with root diameter more than 25 mm is recommended for whole Ladakh region. Ladakh region can be a seed production hub of European carrots and requirement of seed import to India can be minimized if potential is tapped judiciously.
Flood Incidence and Sustainable Development Planning Implications in Santchou, Cameroon
Authors: Ngong Tosam Hycinth , Yenlajai Banseka JaneFrances , Alusoh Constantine Nwune , Kimengsi Jude Ndzifon
Published: October 2024

While studies on the incidence of flooding exist in several parts of Cameroon, very little empirical evidence has been reported for highly dynamic and urbanizing landscapes in Cameroon. Yet, micro level evidence on flooding and their development planning implications are required to advance theory building in the frame of development planning and hazard mitigation in rapidly urbanizing contexts. This paper bridges the knowledge gap by using the case of Santchou, a highly dynamic landscape, to: (a) analyse the spatio-temporal variations in flood incidence, (b) determine the drivers of flood occurrence, and (c) examine their sustainable development planning implications. To achieve these objectives, a representative sample of 141 households was conducted in five communities within the study area. This was complemented by key informant interviews (n=8) and field observations. Data was collected using the Kobo Collect tool. The collected data was analysed descriptively and presented as tables and bar charts, with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25). Cartographic data was analysed spatially and presented using maps. Based on the findings, the following conclusions were derived: Firstly, flood occurrence vary spatially in terms of severity, with very high intensity in the   south east; this decreases towards the north west and western sections of the study area. Flood occurrence also vary over time with the peak of occurrence observed in the month of July and August which corresponds to the peak of the rainy season. Secondly, the most significant effects of floods include; the destruction of physical installations such as houses, household items. Floods equally affect human activities through the destruction of crops, livestock and the disruption of transport circulation. Furthermore, flood effects are less severe in Santchou Ville and Albatross neighborhoods compared to neighborhoods such as; Madagascar, Bessouck and Kassala Farm. Thirdly, while planning approaches exist at household, neighborhood and municipality levels, the most effective involves the use of sandbags and the cleaning of water channels. This study recommends that, sustainable development planning measures currently implemented at the household, neighborhood and municipal levels should be encouraged by the state and civil society organizations such as NGOs. Additionally, sustainable development planning measures should be implemented alongside proactive measures such as; flood alert signals, and the resettlement of inhabitants to safer areas. Future studies should assess the effectiveness of flood management approaches in the study area.
The Silent Struggle: Addressing Post-COVID Health Challenges with Booster Doses
Authors: Khatun Mahbuba , Hossain Shohal , Rahman Shahnaz , Rayhan Md. Abu , Mashrur Md. Nafij , Hossain Md. Fuad , Farid Asma , Lammi Nahin Islam , Tusar Mostafa Tanvir , Chowdhury Md. Kamrul Hasan Jabed , Islam Mst. Sumi
Published: October 2024

Background: Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) primarily an infectious disease of respiratory tract caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2), it has triggered the rapid expanding pandemic worldwide, including in Bangladesh and has left deep impact on physical and mental health.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 booster doses on long COVID symptoms, including the role of demographic factors, and to assess whether booster doses reduce symptom severity in vaccinated individuals.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from October to December 2022 in Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh, involving 110 participants aged 18 and older with chronic respiratory conditions. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire, covering socio-demographic factors, vaccination status, and post COVID complications. Vaccination types included AstraZeneca, Moderna, Pfizer, and Sinovac. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27.0, employing Chi-square and logistic regression techniques to explore associations between booster doses, demographic factors, and post-COVID symptom prevalence.
Results: The study represent the post-COVID complications experienced by the respondents based on vaccination status. The study found that certain post-COVID symptoms, such as anxiety (30.0%) and physical weakness (59.1%) were prevalent across all vaccination groups. However, breathing difficulty, muscle pain, tiredness was common. In addition, a significant association was observed between high blood pressure and Sinovac (χ² = 6.091, p = 0.014), confusion and Pfizer (χ² = 4.076, p = 0.044), and breathing difficulties and Moderna (χ² = 8.615, p = 0.003). Gender differences were minimal, with no statistically significant disparity in post-COVID symptoms between males and females. Booster doses appeared to reduce the severity of certain symptoms, including anxiety and confusion, but physical weakness and joint pain persisted across all groups.
Conclusion: COVID-19 booster doses significantly mitigate the severity of post-COVID complications. However, persistent complications like physical weakness and joint pain highlight the need for continued research and interventions targeting post-COVID. Booster doses remain a crucial strategy in reducing post-COVID health challenges, emphasizing the importance of widespread vaccine uptake to alleviate the long-term burden on individuals mental and physical healthcare systems.
Evolution of the Resistance Profile of Klebsiella Species to Antibiotics Over Ten Years at the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Cameroon
Authors: Chafa Anicette Betbeui , Mbamyah Emilia Lyonga , Kamdjo Cathy Soh , Abange William Baiye , L. Yimtchi Ngassa Christian , Teudjieu Achille Dongmo , Ekanga Georgette Ndongo , Enyime Félicien Ntone , Gonsu Hortense Kamga
Published: October 2024

Aims: This study aimed to study the resistance profile of Klebsiella species to antibiotics, highlighting their resistance phenotypes at the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH).
Study Design:  We carried out a retrospective and prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Bacteriology unit, Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, from January 2010 to December 2020.
Methodology: Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusions method on Muller Hinton agar according to the AST committee of the French Society of Microbiology (CASFM, 2020). The data was digitized and analyzed using descriptive statistics to understand the antibiotic resistance patterns of Klebsiella species.
Results: During this study, we identified 589 strains of Klebsiella species. Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumoniae was the most frequent sub-specie identified (64.69%). Blood and urine specimens were the samples that were frequently encountered. Children under 10 and adults over 60 were the most infected groups of patients. The majority of the samples analysed came respectively from the Intensive Care Units (21.22%), Paediatrics (14.60%), and Medicine (12.56%). The Klebsiella species isolated showed a high resistance rate to beta-lactams (72%), phenolics (62.30%), and quinolones (60.41%). Over the years, we have observed a gradual decline in the resistance rate to aminoglycosides, going from 87.80% in 2010 to 11.11% in 2020 with amikacin, which remains the most active. Resistance to colistin, which is one of the last therapeutic resort antibiotics, showed very alarming resistance rates of 63.63% with low rates in 2016 (0%) and 25% in 2018. Klebsiella species retained good sensitivity to the piperacillin-tazobactam, as well as to imipenem and nitrofurantoin with low resistance rates for these last two antibiotics (8.33% and 15% respectively).
Conclusion: Based on our findings, which indicate a significant level of resistance among Klebsiella species to commonly prescribe antibiotics, it is crucial for both the health authorities in Cameroon and specifically at the YUTH to take prompt actions.