bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp Greville, 1830 (Rhodophyta: Florideophyceae) di Tambak Tidak Produktif Mangunharjo Tugu Semarang
Authors: Suryono Chrisna Adhi , Irwani Irwani , Sabdono Agus , Pribadi Rudhi , Setyani Wilis Ari , Indarjo Agus
Published: July 2021

Rumput laut Gracilaria sp merupakan salah satu hasil produk laut yang masih memiliki permintaan yang tinggi di pasar. Permasalahan yang ada masih rendahnya suplai karena masih banyak mengandalka hasil alam.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini melihat pertumbuhkan rumput laut tersebut di tambak yang tidak produktip.  Metoda yag digunakan adalah lepas dasar sesui dengan hidupnya di alam.  Pegukuran dilakuna terhadap 10 contoh rumput laut yang memiliki berat awal sama ±20gr, pengukuran berat dilakukan setiap 10 hari.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Gracilaria mampu tumbuh di tambak dengan awal yang lambat kemudian meningkat setalah hari ke 30.  Uji Anova terhadap berat tiap pengukuran menjukan perbedaan yang sangat sigikan (p= 0.00 ≤ 0,01).  Kualitas perairan tambak secara keseluran mendukung untuk pertumbuhan rumput laut Gracilaria sp. Gracilaria sp seaweed one of marine commodity which still has high demand in the market.  The problem of these produck was a supply still low because the min supplay depand on nature produck.  This study aims to determine the growth of seaweed in non productive brackish waters pounds. Off-bottom method was used to application seaweed growth on brackish fish pounds such as life in nature.  Measurement of weigh was carried out on 10 samples of seaweed which had the same initial weight of ± 20 grams, weight measurements were carried out every 10 days.  The results showed that Gracilaria was able to grow in ponds with a slow start and then increased dramatically after 30 days. Anova test on the weight of each measurement showed a very significant difference (p = 0.00 ≤ 0.01).  Futher more the quality of pond waters was supports to growth of Gracilaria sp.
Calcium lactate and salicylic acid foliar application influence eggplant growth and postharvest quality parameters
Authors: GHAHREMANI Zahra , NOROUZI Masoud , BARZEGAR Taher , RANJBAR Mohamad Ebrahim
Published: July 2021

Eggplant is one of the most popular and vital vegetable crops in the world. Various plant bio-regulators have been used in different crops to increase uptake of nutrients thereby leading to improvement in growth, flowering, fruit quality, storability and yield. The scope of this study was to evaluate the effects of calcium lactate and salicylic acid foliar application on growth parameters, physiological characteristics and shelf-life of eggplant fruit. Obtained results showed that the highest applied concentrations of calcium lactate (4 mM or 0.8 g l-1) and salicylic acid (1.5 mM or 0.2 g l-1) foliar application led to the highest values of measured growth parameters and yield. Applying of calcium lactate and salicylic acid foliar treatments could increase tissue firmness and ascorbic acid content of fruits. Foliar application of calcium lactate 4 mM (0.8 g l-1) and salicylic acid 1 mM (0.13 g l-1) was the best treatment to decrease percentage of fruit decay. In conclusion, our results showed that foliar application of calcium lactate and salicylic acid can be useful and inexpensive treatment to improve growth parameters, physiological characteristics and post-harvest properties of eggplant fruit
Thermal and functional properties of starch extracted from tubers cultivated in the Ecuadorian Andean region
Authors: QUEZADA-CORREA Lady Mireya , CONTRERAS-DIOSES Oscar , MARTÍNEZ-MORA Edison Omar , GÓMEZ-ALDAPA Carlos Alberto , RAMÍREZ-MORENO Esther , CUENCA-MAYORGA Fabian Patricio
Published: July 2021

Thermal and functional properties of starch extracted from American taro and Indian shot were determined to assess their use in food products. Starch was extracted by the wet-milling method. Physicochemical composition was determined following the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) protocols. Total fibre was measured by the Total Dietary Fiber Assay Kit. The morphology of starch granules was observed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Gelatinization temperature and viscosity were measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and with a rapid viscosity analyser (RVA), respectively. Swelling capacity, solubility index, and absorption index were measured at 15, 60, 70, 80, and 90 °C. The yield for Indian shot (72.5 %) was higher of that for taro (60.2 %). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found for moisture, ashes, total fibres, and protein; significant differences were found for fat content, total carbohydrates, amylose, and amylopectin. Granules of Indian shot starch featured ovoid shapes (diameter, 30 µm), while granules of American taro starch presented round shapes (diameter, 15 µm. Gelatinization temperature for American taro (78.33 °C) was higher of that for Indian shot (65.28 °C). Maximum viscosity in Indian shot (3,535.5 cP) was higher of that in American taro (2,446.5 cP). Concerning functional properties, Indian shot starch yielded higher values. Moreover, at high temperature values, American taro starch presented better gelling results than those in Indian shot.
Pesticide residues in bee pollen - validation of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry multiresidual method and a survey of bee pollens from Slovenia
Authors: BAŠA ČESNIK Helena
Published: July 2021

A new analytical method for determining environmental pesticide residues in pollen was introduced and validated. The extraction was conducted using acetonitrile, the clean-up using Supelclean Ultra 2400 solid phase extraction cartridges, which contain Grapsphere, anion exchanger, C18 and zirconia-based sorbent, and the determination was conducted using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The method was applied in practice. A total of 49 active substances (pesticides) were sought in 30 bee pollen samples gathered from Slovenian beekeepers from all 12 statistical regions of Slovenia. The fungicide azoxystrobin was the only active substance found and was found only in one sample with a concentration of < 0.05 mg kg-1. The active substances sought were not detected in 96.7 % of the samples analysed. The risk assessment revealed that the analysed pollen samples do not represent an unacceptable risk for consumers. The results were compared with those from the literature and the outcome was that bee pollen from Slovenia contained a lower number of active substances at mainly lower contents as compared pollen from some other European countries.
Impact of irrigation during flowering and fruit growth on fruit yield and quality of the cactus Opuntia spp.
Authors: ARBA Mohamed , FALISSE André , CHOUKR-ALLAH Redouane , SINDIC Marianne
Published: July 2021

Most plantations of cactus pear are not irrigated in Morocco and fruits are tiny. The impacts of irrigation during flowering (FLO) and fruit growth (FRG) on fruit yield and quality were monitored along two years on three varieties of cactus pear. In 2011, irrigation treatments were: T1 (0 mm), T2 (30 mm during FLO and 30 mm during FRG) and T3 (30 mm during FRG only). In 2012, irrigation treatments increased to 60 mm during FLO and FRG. The irrigation treatments were applied in 8 (T3) or 16 (T2) watering, once every three days. Interactions between varieties and treatments were significant for fruit yields and for yield components. In 2011, T2 and T3 irrigations had a negative effect on ‘Aissa’ and ‘Moussa’ (-2.8 kg/plant) and T2 had a positive effect on ‘Achefri’ (+2.7 kg/plant). Fruit quality was not affected by irrigation. In 2012, all the varieties responded positively to irrigation: ‘Achefri’ and ‘Aissa’ yielded very significantly more with T3 (plus 63 % and 30 % resp.) and ‘Moussa’ with T2 (+30 %). All irrigations increased fruit number and size. Irrigation had no significant effect on the fruit quality or slightly decreased the content of total sugars and titratable acidity
Susceptibility response of varieties and local populations of lupines to Bruchus rufimanus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: NIKOLOVA Ivelina Mitkova
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility response of varieties and local populations of lupines to Bruchus rufimanus in multi-environment field tests. Seed damaged rate and susceptibility index were assessed in each environment and subjected to a heritability-adjusted genotype and genotype x environment biplot analysis. It was found that the susceptibility index of damaged seeds was positively related to precipitation amounts and humidity, and inversely to min and max temperatures. The seed damaged rate was positively related to temperatures but negatively to rain and humidity. The local polish population WAT and cultivars Pink Mutant, Solnechnii, and Bezimenii 1 had the lowest seed damaged rate and stable position across environments. Meanwhile, these cultivars showed a low susceptibility index and low variability. The discrepancy between the early phenological development of ‘Pink Mutant’, ‘Solnechnii’, and ‘Bezimenii 1’ and the life cycle of B. rufimanus was one of the reasons for manifested tolerance. Correlations between damaged seed and susceptibility index as well as the mass of 1000 seeds and sensitivity index were strongly positive and negative, respectively. ‘WAT’, ‘Pink Mutant’, ‘Solnechnii’, and ‘Bezimenii 1’ had a clear advantage in defending itself from B. rufimanus attack, which makes them particularly interesting for breeding purposes.
High resistance of Panicum miliaceum L. to phenanthrene toxicity based on growth response and antioxidant system assessment
Authors: TARIGHOLIZADEH Sarieh , MOTAFAKKERAZAD Rouhollah , SALEHI-LISAR Seyed Yahya , MOHAJEL KAZEMI Elham
Published: July 2021

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a group of organic pollutants influencing different aspects of plants physiology. Physiological responses associated with the impact of phenanthrene (500, 1000, 1500, 2000 ppm) were analysed on Panicum miliaceum L. Seed germination was delayed in all treatments and 2000 ppm of phenanthrene (PHE) significantly retarded the germination rate (28 %) compared to control. The results revealed after 30 day of cultivation, only 1500 and 2000 ppm of PHE had negative impacts on growth parameters as well as photosynthetic pigment contents. Plants exposed to 500 and 1000 ppm of PHE showed an increase in the growth parameters without any symptoms of toxicity, indicating the high tolerance of seedlings to PHE. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were elevated in treated plants. In higher concentrations, H2O2 content also increased despite a reduction in malondialdehyde content. Furthermore, PHE had no effect on root phenol and shoot flavonoid contents and on shoot and root protein contents. Taken together, only higher concentrations of PHE triggered oxidative stress. It can be concluded PHE was not very toxic to P. miliaceum probably because of higher activity of antioxidant system involving in elimination of produced ROS even in plants treated by PHE higher concentrations.
Antioxidant defense and secondary metabolites concentration in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) plants as affected by salt stress
Authors: SOHEILIKHAH Zhaleh , KARIMI Nasser , MODARRESI Masoud , SALEHI-LISAR Seyed Yahya , MOVAFEGHI Ali
Published: July 2021

Salt stress is one of the major limiting factors for plant production, and the quality of medicinal plants is also affected by soil salinity. Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) plants were cultivated for four weeks in perlite: sand and irrigated with Hoagland nutrient solution containing 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl. Plants growth was decreased by salt stress while the leaf relative water content was not affected, and the chlorophyll content decreased only by the highest salt concentration (200 mM). Sodium was accumulated at small amounts, indicating a high ability of this species to exclude salt. Soluble sugars and proline were accumulated up to 1.6 and 4.5 fold, respectively. The antioxidant enzymes activity (peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase) were increased by the salt treatments, particularly in the leaves. The levels of secondary metabolites (saponins, phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and iridoids) were all increased under salt stress, and the total antioxidant capacity of alcoholic extract of the leaves and roots was significantly higher in the salt-treated compared with control plants. Our results showed that hyssop is a salt-tolerant species, and the quality of this medicinal plant is improved when grown under saline conditions.
Digital Transformation: From Data Analytics to Customer Solutions. A Framework of Types, Techniques and Tools
Authors: Angelopoulos Michail , Pollalis Yannis
Published: July 2021

It has become clear by now that the digital transformation has an obvious, lasting impact as much on the economic systems and commercial players as on the lives of individuals and on society at large. The decisions we make, our actions, even our existence in the digital world result in the production of massive amounts of data. These data can be integrated into large data analysis ecosystems and contribute positively to the revision of current business models and practices. Machine learning algorithms combined with the suitable tools, such as Python, turn raw data into useful information and lead to critical and correct decisions. The aim of this paper is to present a review of current popular and useful data analytics techniques and tools that lead to custom solutions for both customer and business. The most famous techniques based on Machine learning and visualization tools are represented here.
The impact of internal marketing on 'green' management of intellectual capital
Authors: Arfara Christina
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between internal marketing and “green” management of intellectual capital by testing correlations between internal marketing and knowledge capital, the development of “green” employees, “green” organisational culture and the “green” reputation of the organization.

A questionnaire of 20 items was sent by e-mail via Google docs, to firms that employ more than 250 employees and have received awards for their working environment.  Data collection lasted from July to November of 2020 and 609 questionnaires were collected.

Results strongly confirmed the correlations between facilitation of flow information and maintenance of knowledge capital, informal communication and the development of “green” employees, participatory and supportive character of internal marketing programmes and the adoption of a “green” culture and internal customers’ satisfaction and the development of the organization’s “green” reputation, thus indicating a new perspective in a macro-level management.

Managers need to adopt a contemporary perspective of managing the intangible assets of the organization. Integration of internal marketing practices can foster the maintenance of knowledge capital, the development of “green” employees and achieve the reinforcement of “green” organisational culture and the reputation of the organization.

There is no previous research attempting to explore how the “green” management of specific elements of intellectual capital are correlated with internal marketing.
Foreign Aid and Economics Development Nexus: The Case of Sierra Leone
Authors: Duramany-Lakkoh Ezekiel Kalvin
Published: July 2021

This study investigates the impact of foreign aid on economic growth in Sierra Leone using cointegration and error correction methodology by Johansen and Juselius (1990). Utilizing secondary data for the period 1970 to 2018, the empirical estimation revealed that foreign aid in Sierra Lone is positively and significantly related to economic growth both in the short run and long run, confirming the importance of the study. The policy implication of the study is that the Sierra Leone government should seek more foreign aid to accelerate economic growth and development.
Airpower in Counterinsurgency: Analysis of the Nigerian Air Force’s Response to The Boko Haram Insurgency in the Northeast
Authors: ADAMS DR. JOHN ANYABE , EDET EFEFIONG ASUQUO , ITAM MICHAEL R.
Published: July 2021

This paper examined the role of airpower in counterinsurgency with particular focus on analyzing the Nigerian Air Force’s response to the Boko Haram insurgency in the north-east. The paper adopted the documentary method and sourced data from mainly secondary sources. The Nigeria Air Force ’s operations against the insurgent group commenced in 2010, as part of the armed forces operations within the purview of the Joint Task Force. It was found out that in spite of the significant contribution made by the Nigeria Air Force , there still are challenges to Nigeria Air Force ’s counterinsurgency efforts. Firstly, Nigeria Air Force faces logistical problems such as a dearth of spare parts, shortage of precision-guided ammunition, and inadequate trained personnel that can operate and maintain sophisticated war weapons. Secondly, there is a paucity of systems to initiate and maintain a systematic kill-chain that will encompass searching for the adversary, maintaining intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance presence over them, and subduing them and obtaining data for purposes of analysis. It was recommended, among others that for the Nigeria Air Force to be more effective in the northeast operations, there should be increased spending on purchasing more modern platforms and weaponry that are pliable in contemporary air power considerations.
Evaluation of the Effects of “USAID- MARKETS” Capacity Building of Farmers on Rice Output in Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Alabi Tope
Published: July 2021

Poor yield and low quality of locally produced rice despite many capacity building interventions for rice farmers necessitated this study entitled Effects of “USAID- MARKETS” Capacity Building of Farmers on Rice Output in Kebbi State, Nigeria.Taking an empirical survey, the study comparedoutput and income of the project participants against the non-project participants. Using multi stage sampling techniques, primary data were collected from 240 rice farmers who participated in the training and 240 farmers who did not, through semi-structured questionnaire and interview schedule. The study revealed a significant difference between the output of the project participants and the non-participants. In conclusion, “USAID-MARKETS” capacity buildingsignificantly increased farmers’ rice production and income in the study area, however findings from this study also showed that there was a drop in these variables when compared to what was obtained before the capacity building project ended due to inadequate asses to farm inputs, extension services and ready markets. The study strongly recommends the need to scale up the “USAID-MARKETS” capacity building project in a sustainable manner, improve agricultural input sector and extension services in order to strengthen the capacity of rice farmers for increase output and income.
Rhythm: Types, Hierarchy and Language Diversity
Authors: Zeynalov Farman
Published: July 2021

This article deals with the factors which cause the emergence of rhythm, its types, hierarchy and the relation of rhythm to life and the human language diversity. According to Aristotle “all types of rhythm are measured by certain movements”. So all events and processes connected with rhythm are rhythmical in nature. Rhythm is a regular reiteration of identical cases, processes and events within the boundaries of time and space. Rhythm is the form of regular motion. However, rhythm is not the result of motion. It is just the movement itself. All types of rhythm or movement, to our mind, are based on energy the absence of which excludes movements, rhythms, accordingly then life, human language, as well as language diversity. Thus, studying rhythm, its types and systemic hierarchy, to our mind, enables us to reveal the mechanism of transition from inanimate nature to animate one, on the one hand, and creation of the styduing diversity principle of nature, as well as language diversity, on the other hand.

The main task of a linguistic scholar, as defined by David Crystal, is great interest. To this linguist “the main task of the linguistic scholar is not to improve the language teaching situation … etc., his task is basically to study and understand the general principles upon which all languages are built. What are the “design features” of human language? What are the differences between languages? How can we describe and classify this? How far are they fundamental? What concepts do we have before we can begin to talk about language at all” (D.Crystal, 1997).

Our aim, accordingly, is to make an attempt to study the types of rhythm, its systemic hierarchy and the relation of rhythm to emergence of life and language diversity.
The Significance of Cyberlearning in Economic Education
Authors: Ezeala-Harrison Fidel
Published: July 2021

We analyze the potentials of web-based and mobile-based digital technology to disseminate, inform, transmit, instruct, and exchange course content in the teaching of economics. Cyberlearning is the use of networked computer technology to enhance the mode of educational content delivery to learners, and involves personal, social, and distributed learning that is mediated by a variety of rapidly evolving computational devices such as computers, tablets, and smart phones, and involving other media such as the Web, and the Cloud. Yet cyberlearning is not only about learning to use computers or to think computationally; social networking has made it clear that the need is much more encompassing, including new modes of collaborating and learning for the full variety of human experiences mediated by networked computing and communications technologies. Educators have continued to search for answers about how new digital tools and environments can be utilized to enhance learning among students of our contemporary “New Age” generation. In the present paper we examine the potentials of cyberlearning and the opportunities it offers for promoting and assessing learning, made possible by new technologies; and how it can help learners to capitalize on those opportunities and the new practices that are made possible by these learning technologies. In particular, we examine ways of using technology for economics education to promote effective learning that result in deep rooted grasping of content, practices, and skills that will ultimately shape attitudes and contribute to enhanced policy and progress in economic matters of society.
Modeling of the solidarity banking system in Congo: towards human development based on traditional African values
Authors: BOUNDJA Claver
Published: July 2021

Among the institutional instruments likely to participate in the economic development of a country, banks occupy a crucial place, as their role affects means of payment, exchanges, credit, financial transactions and advice. The analysis of paradigms and mechanisms of the banking system makes it possible to intervene in the heart of the economic system. Congo's banking system, like that of almost all African countries, is characterized by half a century of failure, several bankruptcies, endemic corruption, the embezzlement and exclusion of so-called poor populations and rural. This article proposes a model of the endogenous financing of the real economy through solidarity banks. Our objective is to formulate a decision-making tool for economic and financial governance, in terms of financing local development. We propose to explain the importance of monetary policy and the renovated banking system on endogenous bases, according to traditional African values.
La competencia intercultural y la competencia pragmática en la enseñanza de español como lengua extranjera (ELE)
Authors: Spychała-Wawrzyniak Małgorzata , Suñén Bernal María del Carmen
Published: July 2021

The main purpose of this article is to present the development and evolution of two fundamental components of the communicative competence in the teaching of foreign languages: pragmatics and interculturality. We will analyze different visions of pragmatic competence and intercultural competence, which are sometimes treated as synonymous concepts. We will focus our attention on the problems observed in class as a consequence of the great diversity of cultural contexts in which Spanish is learned, highlighting the importance of activating the development of both competences in class and the need to learn to negotiate linguistic and cultural meanings within a cultural context different from that of the target language. Finally, we will present the results of a study carried out with students from a Polish and a German university, whose objective was to analyze the previous attitudes of students from different faculties towards two competences that should always go hand in hand: pragmatics and interculturality.
Conscious self-control as criterion for reasoning
Authors: Stjernfelt Frederik
Published: July 2021

This paper gives an overview and discusses the details of the connection between Peirce's doctrine of reasoning and his philosophy of consciousness. While marginal in Peirce's semiotics and his conception of the mind, consciousness appears in a central role in the cognitive criterion that reasoning proper beself-controlled. A set of implications of this idea is investigated.
Pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion behaviors of titanium alloy overlapped with aluminized PVC film in neutral salt spray
Authors: Xie Longfei , Zhou Wenlong , Zou Shiwen , Fu Xuesong
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a research on the corrosion behavior of Ti-15-3 alloy overlapped with aluminized PVC film in salt spray. It was found that severe corrosion occurred on aluminized PVC film in the coupled regions because of crevice corrosion and/or galvanic corrosion whereas Ti-15-3 alloy in the coupled regions experienced minor corrosion. Scanning electron microscope and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses demonstrated the corrosion products adhered to the surface of Ti-15-3 alloy within the crevice. To evaluate the effect of aluminized PVC film on the crevice corrosion of Ti-15-3 alloy in salt spray condition, it is necessary to compare with the corrosion resistance of Ti-15-3 overlapped with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in different neutral salt spray. Further, the tests were performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization. Combining the graphical model, an in-depth understanding of the crevice and galvanic corrosion mechanism of Ti-15-3 alloy overlapped with aluminized PVC film has been revealed.
Characterizing the relationship between diagnostic intensity and quality of care
Authors: Ellenbogen Michael I. , Prichett Laura , Newman-Toker David E. , Brotman Daniel J.
Published: July 2021

Objectives

The relationship between diagnostic intensity and quality of care has not been well-characterized at the hospital level. We performed an exploratory analysis to better delineate this relationship using a hospital-level diagnostic overuse index and accepted hospital quality metrics (readmissions and mortality).

Methods

We previously developed and published a hospital-level diagnostic overuse index. A hospital’s overuse index value (which ranges from 0 to 0.986, with larger numbers indicating more overuse) was our predictor variable of interest. The outcome variables were excess readmission ratios and mortality rates for common medical conditions, which CMS publicly reports. The model controlled for Elixhauser comorbidity score, hospital bed size, hospital teaching status, and random effects that vary by state.

Results

We did not find a statistically significant relationship between our overuse index and the quality measures we evaluated.

Conclusions

The lack of a significant relationship between diagnostic intensity and quality, at least as measured by our overuse index and the tested quality metrics, suggests that well-targeted efforts to reduce diagnostic overuse in hospitals may not adversely impact quality of care.
Investigation on crystallization phenomena with supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) as the antisolvent
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Thakur Amit K. , Banerjee Nilanjana , Chaudhari Pranava
Published: July 2021

The supercritical antisolvent (SAS) recrystallization process is one of the most promising recrystallization techniques for the particle formation of pharmaceutical compounds. In this process, a solution of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is sprayed into the supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) environment. The mass transport of both the solvent and the antisolvent results in supersaturation followed by the crystallization of the API. In this work, a model is developed to estimate the supersaturation profile of solute in a droplet falling in the SC CO2 environment. The droplet consists of paracetamol as a solute and ethanol as a solvent. It moves down in the antisolvent (supercritical CO2) environment. Interestingly, the present model predicts a rise in supersaturation followed by a fall for a while and then a sharp increase. The competing phenomena of nucleation and growth mechanisms are used to justify this variation in the supersaturation.
Appraisal of disability attitudes and curriculum of nursing students: a literature review
Authors: Edwards Allison P. , Hekel Barbara E.
Published: July 2021

Worldwide, more than one billion people live with a disability (World Health Organization. (2011). World report on disability. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/disabilities/world_report/2011/report/en/). People with a disability (PWD) have unmet needs with the delivery of health care, secondary to nursing student’s negative attitudes, knowledge, and skill deficits. This integrative literature review evaluated nursing student’s education and attitudes towards PWD. Deficient education, attitudes, knowledge, and skills are addressed. Combined search terms utilized included: healthcare students; healthcare education; nursing students; clinical experience; clinical rotation; attitude of health care students; and exposure to PWD. Thirty articles were analyzed with common themes identified. Educational methods that produced improved attitudes, knowledge and skills included standardized patients with disabilities; phenomenological approaches; curriculum enhancement; empathy exercises and clinical experiences (Anderson, E. S., Ford, J., & Thorpe, L. (2011). Learning to listen: Improving students’ communication with disabled people. Medical Teacher, 33(1), 44–52. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2010.498491; Castro, S. S., Rowe, M., Andrade, L. F., & Cyrino, E. G. (2018). Developing competencies among health professions students related to the care of people with disabilities: A pilot study. Interface: Comunicacao, Saude, Educacao, 22(65), 551–563. doi: 10.1590/1807-57622016.0684; Hensel, D., Malinowski, C., & Watts, P. A. (2015). Implementing a pediatric camp clinical for pre-licensure education. Nursing Education Perspectives, 36(1), 60–61. doi: 10.5480/12-871.1; Levett-Jones, T., Lapkin, S., Govind, N., Pich, J., Hoffman, K., Jeong, S. Y., . . . Everson, N. (2017). Measuring the impact of a ‘point of view’ disability simulation on nursing students’ empathy using the comprehensive state empathy scale. Nurse Education Today, 59, 75–81. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2017.09.007; Smith, P., Ooms, A., & Marks-Maran, D. (2016). Active involvement of learning disabilities service users in the development and delivery of a teaching session to pre-registration nurses: Students’ perspectives. Nurse Education in Practice, 16(1), 111–118. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2015.09.010). Nursing schools must incorporate disability education to fully realize its impact and eliminate barriers to transform care.
A novel synonymous homozygous variant [c.2538G>A (p.Thr846Thr)] in TRPM6 in a patient with hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia
Authors: Acar Sezer , Schlingmann Karl Peter , Nalbantoğlu Özlem , Köprülü Özge , Arslan Gülçin , Özkaya Beyhan , Özkan Behzat
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Hypomagnesemia 1, intestinal (HOMG1) is characterized by neurological symptoms that occur due to hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia and caused by mutations in the TRPM6. Most of the identified variants in TRPM6 lead to premature termination: nonsense, frameshift, deletion, and splice site mutations.

Case presentation

Herein, we report a 1.5 month-old case who presented with convulsion due to hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia in the early infancy. Sequencing of TRPM6 revealed a novel homozygous synonymous variant [c.2538G > A (p.Thr846Thr)] in the last codon of exon 19, which is most likely to affect the splicing. We report a novel homozygous synonymous variant in the TRPM6 leading to HOMG1, expanding the mutational spectrum.

Conclusions

Synonymous mutations that were previously considered as harmless should be evaluated at the nucleotide level, keeping in mind that they may affect splicing and cause to the disease.
Crystal structure of 1,1′-(butane-1,4-diyl)bis(3-propyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) bis(hexafluoridophosphate), C32H56F24N8P4
Authors: Zhou Yao-Hong , Nie Xu-Liang , Xiong Wan-Ming , Peng Da-Yong , Zhang Xiao-Hua
Published: July 2021

C32H56F24N8P4, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.6769(13) Å, b = 9.8858(14) Å, c = 14.510(2) Å, α = 102.564(2)°, β = 94.461(3)°, γ = 92.152(3)°, V = 81.710(2) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0692, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.2245, T = 296(2) K.
The crystal structure of 3-(carboxymethyl)-1-ethenyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride, C7H9N2O2Cl
Authors: Song Wenqi , Yang Miaoxiu , Qian Liwei , Miao Zongcheng
Published: July 2021

C7H9N2O2Cl, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 4.6321(3) Å, b = 7.5132(4) Å, c = 24.7605(14) Å, V = 861.71(9) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0257, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0653, T = 193 K.
Bringing People Down
Authors: Vorhaus John
Published: July 2021

Under Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights, degrading treatment and punishment is absolutely prohibited. This paper examines the nature of and wrong inherent in treatment and punishment of this kind. Cases brought before the European Court of Human Rights (the Court) as amounting to degrading treatment and punishment under Article 3 include instances of interrogation, conditions of confinement, corporal punishment, strip searches, and a failure to provide adequate health care. The Court acknowledges the degradation inherent in imprisonment generally, and does not consider this to be in violation of Article 3, but it also identifies a threshold at which degradation is so severe as to render impermissible punishments that cross this threshold. I offer an account of the Court’s conception of impermissible degradation as a symbolic dignitary harm. The victims are treated as inferior, as if they do not possess the status owed to human beings, neither treated with dignity nor given the respect owed to dignity. Degradation is a relational concept: the victim is brought down in the eyes of others following treatment motivated by the intention to degrade, or treatment which has a degrading effect. This, so I will argue, is the best account of the concept of degradation as deployed by the Court when determining punishments as in violation of Article 3.
Cardiometabolic markers among Argentinean normal weight and overweight children with and without central obesity
Authors: Hirschler Valeria , Molinari Claudia , Lapertosa Silvia , Maccallini Gustavo , Gonzalez Claudio D
Published: July 2021

Background

The association between central obesity and cardiometabolic complications justifies exploring its association in normal-weight and overweight/obese (OW/OB) schoolchildren.

Objective

To describe cardiometabolic markers in four groups according to BMI/WC categories: (i) normal weight with central OB; (ii) normal weight without central OB; (iii) OW/OB with central OB and (iv) OW/OB without central OB, in a sample of Argentinean schoolchildren.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 1264 Argentinean schoolchildren (624 F), aged 9.5 ± 2.2 years was performed between November 2013 and 2015. Children’s anthropometric measures, blood pressure (BP), glucose, lipids, and insulin were measured. Children were divided into four groups: (i) normal weight with central OB; (ii) normal weight without central OB; (iii) OW/OB with central OB and (iv) OW/OB without central OB.

Results

The prevalence of normal-weight children without central OB was 64.3% (796), normal weight with central OB 5% (66), OW/OB without central OB 11% (137), and OW/OB with central OB 21% (265). Normal weight with central OB had significantly higher triglycerides than normal-weight children without central OB (86 vs 70 mg/dL, respectively) and OW/OB children without central OB (81 vs 77 mg/dL). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that age, systolic BP, HDL-C, triglycerides, and maternal WC were significantly associated with children’s WC; R2 = 0.50 as well as children’s BMI; R2 = 0.37.

Conclusion

This study found that children with central OB might be at future higher cardiometabolic risk than those without central OB independently of the presence of OW/OB. However, future longitudinal studies should be performed to confirm these findings.
The course of thyroid nodules and thyroid volume over a time period of up to 10 years: a longitudinal analysis of a population-based cohort
Authors: Kiel Simone , Ittermann Till , Steinbach Jette , Völzke Henry , Chenot Jean-François , Angelow Aniela
Published: July 2021

Objective

Thyroid disorders are common. Information on the long-term progression of morphologic disorders is scarce. The aim of this study was to describe the course of thyroid nodules and volume over a period of up to 10 years.

Design and Methods

Data from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania were used for longitudinal analysis of 10 years, on average. Billing data from the Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians were matched to the data to exclude participants with thyroid surgery, radioiodine therapy and thyroid carcinoma. Changes in the number and size of thyroid nodules and thyroid volume were observed using ultrasound.

Results

A total of 1270 participants were included (53% female, median age at baseline 51 years). The proportion of subjects with at least one thyroid nodule increased from 34.9 to 47.5% after 10 years. The majority of participants had an unchanged or reduced number of nodules. About one-quarter had at least one nodule of size ≥ 1 cm. The proportion of participants with goitre increased from 35 to 37% after 10 years. Nevertheless, individual thyroid volume increased by < 1 mL (95% CI: 0.38–3.66) after adjusting for age and BMI irrespective of thyroid medication.

Conclusion

Thyroid nodules and goitre are common. After 10 years, the number of nodules did not increase in about 70% of people. This proportion did not differ substantially when excluding people with thyroid medication. Thyroid volume increased slightly over the follow-up period. These changes do not seem clinically relevant. Our results support a more restrictive approach regarding follow-up diagnostics in asymptomatic patients with thyroid nodules or minimally enlarged thyroid.
CONDICIÓN FÍSICA, CAPACIDAD FUNCIONAL Y CALIDAD DE VIDA EN MAYORES: ANÁLISIS DE MEDIACIÓN
Authors: Olivares P.R. , Merellano-Navarro E. , Perez-Sousa M. , Collado-Mateo D.
Published: July 2021

El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre la condición física y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS), midiendo el efecto mediador de la funcionalidad física. Se realizaron diferentes pruebas de condición física a adultos mayores. El cuestionario composite physical function se utilizó para medir la funcionalidad física y el EQ-5D-5L para valorar la CVRS. El análisis de mediación confirma el papel de mediador de la funcionalidad física entre la condición física y la CVRS (B = .051; CI = .036 a .067). La asociación directa de la condición física y CVRS tuvo un efecto B = .0314, t = 3.313. p = .001. Se concluye que la relación entre la condición física y la CVRS está parcialmente mediada por la función física en mayores.
Manufacture of semi non-combustible wood-fiber insulation boards by inorganic fire-retardant treatment
Authors: Park Se-Hwi , Lee Min , Kang Eun-Chang , Lee Sang-Min , Shim Kugbo
Published: July 2021

Fire-retardant performance was imparted to the existing wood-fiber insulation boards (WIB) via internal and external treatment with silica- and phosphorus-based fire-retardants. The combustion and smoke characteristics were investigated using a cone calorimeter. Based on combustion for 600 s, the weight loss and shrinkage of WIBs decreased due to fire-retardant treatment. The time to ignition was delayed to more than 400 s on the WIBs treated internal and external fire- retardant (WIB-IEs), whereas that of WIB with only internal treatment (WIB-I) was 5 s. The overall heat release rate (HRR), HRRpeak, and total heat release (THR) of WIB-IE specimens decreased, and the fire resistance standard Class II was satisfied. The WIB-IE2 showed higher fire resistance performance, with a HRRmean level of 6.7 kW/m2 and a THR of 1.3 MJ/m2. The WIB-I showed extremely low total smoke release (TSR) compared to the external fire-retardant treated specimen. However, the externally treated WIB-IEs had an increased TSR of 165 to 256 m2/m2 due to the increase in incomplete combustion caused by the fire-retardant. After fire-retardant treatment, CO2 generation decreased because the rate of complete combustion decreased, but CO emission increased slightly. Therefore, silica- and phosphorus-based fire-retardants by internal and external treatments were suitable for WIBs.
Bienes producidos por poblaciones pobres que con capacitación, apoyo económico y concesiones pueden dejar de ser pobres
Authors: Barreda Guerra Juan Manuel
Published: July 2021

En nuestro país todos somos testigos del nivel de podredumbre en lo ético y moral en las más altas esferas del poder político, la justicia y poder ejecutivo. En tres décadas propios y extraños robaron al país más de $70,000´000,000 millones de dólares, al margen de ello, los grandes, medianos, pequeños y micro empresarios continúan empeñados en lograr sus objetivos empresariales para el presente y los siguientes años.

Este año 2019 a pesar de la enorme crisis política en la que nos encontramos, tendremos un ligero incremento en las exportaciones del sector agrario, la mayor participación en ella, la tendrán los grandes y medianos empresarios agrícolas de la Costa, en función a la cantidad de recursos con que se dispone en esta región natural. En cambio, en la regiones naturales de sierra y selva millones de familias agrarias, viven conjuntamente con sus producciones en situación de pobreza y pobreza extrema por no contar con similares recursos, en este sentido se requieren urgentemente determinar una visión del sector fijando objetivos de inclusión económica social y, sus correspondientes estrategias y planes de acción de corto, mediano y largo plazo sobre crecimiento y desarrollo agrario basada en ordenamiento territorial con asignación de multi recursos, a fin de aprovechar las grandes oportunidades y el enorme potencial productivo de nuestros territorios agrarios, frente a innumerables acuerdos comerciales y mercados como consecuencia de la globalización y, de este modo, poder superar gradualmente la pobreza extrema y pobreza en este sector. Los objetivos involucran cobertura de demanda interna en la que se incluyen compras del estado con asignación de proveedores asociativos exclusivos y, de igual forma la generación de producciones con ofertas exportables.
La cultura organizacional y la producción de conocimientos científicos, en maestristas y doctorandos, en la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas (FCA) de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM)-Año 2020, Lima-Perú
Authors: Manchego Odar Sara María
Published: July 2021

En la investigación se identifica la influencia de la cultura organizacional en el desempeño de la producción de conocimientos científicos, en maestrías y doctorados, mediante un esquema teórico de espacios generacionales. Considerando el método estadístico del censo, se encuestó a un total de 391 maestristas y doctorandos- Año 2020. Según los resultados, podemos afirmar que la influencia de la Cultura organizacional en la producción de conocimientos científicos, presenta un logro de Nivel Bueno en la formación académica de maestristas y doctorandos, para la producción de tesis.
Modelo Alemán de Gobierno Corporativo y su aporte en el Sistema de Cajas Municipales
Authors: Mallma  Chuquillanqui Mayela
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo trata sobre el gobierno corporativo, acorde a nuestro contexto, específicamente al Sistema de Cajas Municipales; surge con la intención de contribuir, difundir y profundizar este tema, un pilar muy importante para el crecimiento y sostenimiento en el largo plazo de las organizaciones, públicas, privadas y familiares. Se hace un análisis del origen de gobierno corporativo, se menciona los modelos generalmente adoptados a nivel internacional por muchos países y organizaciones, los mismos que fueron planteados en realidades distintas al nuestro, mencionando sus prioridades, características, beneficios y debilidades, luego se realiza el aporte del Modelo Alemán, en la gestión del Sistema de Cajas Municipales en el Perú, para tener una apreciación integral, y concluir que a nivel del Sistema de Cajas Municipales, el aporte de este modelo resultó exitoso para su crecimiento, sin embargo, es necesario mejorar algunos temas como: la nominación e independencia del Directorio, el nombramiento de gerencia, consecuentemente el éxito o fracaso de adoptar un modelo determinado, depende de la cultura de la Nación donde se aplica la legislación.
Prospectiva post pandemia COVID-19 para elaborar el planteamiento del problema de los proyectos de investigación en las ciencias administrativas
Authors: Valeriano Ortiz Luis Fernando
Published: July 2021

Los países a nivel mundial a partir de noviembre 2019 se encuentran afectados por una pandemia, conocida como el coronavirus 19, cuyos estragos se evidencian en que los sistemas de salud se ven desbordados ante la gran demanda de atención de pacientes infectados por este virus, recién en diciembre 2020 surge una luz en el túnel con resultados positivos con el desarrollo de vacuna en los países más desarrollado, pero que lamentablemente al Perú llegará en el 2021. Está resumida descripción de la problemática de la salud mundial, tiene efectos colaterales en el desarrollo de las economías, en el crecimiento exponencial de las poblaciones vulnerables, en el deterioro del sistema educativo en todos sus niveles, en la inseguridad ciudadana alimentada por la farmacodependencia y en nuestro país se adiciona una crisis política sin precedentes entre los poderes del estado generando mayor inestabilidad e incremento del riesgo país, de igual forma los proyectos de investigación en desarrollo se encuentran afectados por el factor incertidumbre de los efectos de esta pandemia. El Perú para el 2021 requiere de un nuevo orden político a través de las elecciones de nuevas autoridades, que le garantice tener estabilidad gubernamental, fortaleciendo el sistema democrático, desarrollando políticas que combatan la corrupción e inmoralidad en todos los frentes, este flagelo es peor que el covid 19 por sus implicancias y efectos en la sociedad peruana. El Perú es un país milenario, con una riqueza en recursos naturales a lo largo y ancho del territorio nacional, en costa, sierra y selva y con un pueblo emprendedor, este escenario real me permite afirmar que el país lograra la recuperación económica en el corto plazo, una vez que a la población peruana se le aplique una vacuna segura y eficiente. Por lo expuesto, este artículo tiene una visión de perspectiva y pretende identificar las fortalezas y oportunidades que tiene el país para lograr su recuperación, que servirán de guía para el desarrollo de los proyectos de investigación dentro del análisis de su macro entorno en la problemática de su estudio.