bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malignant Risk Assessment of Cystic-Solid Thyroid Nodules Based on Multimodal Ultrasound Features: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Rongwei , Chen Hua , Song Jianming , Ye Jun
Published: January 2025

Background:
The malignant risk of cystic-solid thyroid nodules may be underestimated in the ultrasound assessment.

Objective:
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the value of multimodal ultrasound characteristics in the malignant risk assessment of
cystic-solid thyroid nodules.

Methods:
We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for studies depicting the ultrasound
characteristics of cystic-solid thyroid nodules published prior to October 2023. The Review Manager 5.4 software was utilized to evaluate the
ultrasound features suggestive of malignancy and to determine their sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, the Sata 12.0 software was utilized to
construct summary receiver operating characteristic curves (SROC), estimate the area under the curve (AUC), and evaluate any potential
publication bias.

Results:
This review included 16 studies comprising 5,655 cystic-solid thyroid nodules. Nine ultrasound features were identified as risk factors for tumor
malignancy. Among the ultrasound features, microcalcification in the solid portion, heterogeneous hypoenhancement on Contrast-Enhanced
Ultrasound (CEUS), and sharp angles in the solid portion exhibited higher malignant predictive value in cystic-solid thyroid nodules, with AUC
values of 0.91, 0.84, and 0.81, respectively.

Conclusion:
Our findings indicate that microcalcification and sharp angles in the solid part of the nodule, along with heterogeneous hypoenhancement on
contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), can better predict malignant cystic-solid thyroid nodules.
The systematic review and meta-analysis was registered prospectively in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (No.
CRD42024602893).
Preparation, Evaluation, In vitro Anti-diabetic and Stability Studies of Glibenclamide Loaded Cocrystals
Authors: Malik Jyoti , Khatkar Anurag , Nanda Arun
Published: January 2025

Background:

Glibenclamide (BCS Class–II .Drug) has poor solubility and high permeability.
In the co-crystallization technique, drugs are combined with a suitable coformer via Hbonding.
Glibenclamide cocrystals have been prepared with various coformers but glibenclamide
cocrystals with vanillic acid have not been prepared yet.

Objective:

To prepare glibenclamide cocrystals with vanillic acid coformer and evaluate them using
various techniques, along with in vivo antidiabetic studies and stability studies.

Method:

Cocrystals containing glibenclamide were produced with vanillic acid coformer by the
solvent evaporation method in a 1:1 molar ratio.

Result:

In FTIR analysis, an H-bond is formed between the amide group of the drug and the carboxylic
acid group of the coformer. With the help of DSC and HSM, the melting point of cocrystals
was observed at a different point compared to the melting point of glibenclamide drug and
vanillic acid coformer. In the XRD analysis of cocrystals, peaks with high intensity were observed
at different points than that of the drug and coformer, confirming the crystalline nature of the formulation.
During in vitro dissolution studies, cocrystals showed a better dissolution profile compared
to the marketed formulation and the pure drug in both acidic and alkaline media. In vivo anti-
diabetic studies were conducted using male Wistar rats, confirming that the glucose reduction
percentage from cocrystals was more than that of the pure drug. During stability studies, no significant
changes occurred in the dissolution profile of the formulation, which indicated that the formulation
was stable after storage at an ambient temperature.

Conclusion:

The results obtained from various characterization techniques indicate that glibenclamide
cocrystals formed from vanillic acid enhance the solubility of glibenclamide.
KW2478 and Cisplatin Synergistically Anti-colorectal Cancer by Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Wang Jianping , An Jun , Tian Lixuan , Jin Yuzi , Li Yalei , Ding Peijian , Yun Wenjing , Zhang Yunpeng , Zhao Shuang
Published: January 2025

Objective:

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of KW-2478 combined with DDP on colorectal
cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of KW-2478 in colorectal cancer.

Methods:

qRT-PCR and Western blot were employed to assess HSP90 mRNA and protein expression in normal
intestinal epithelial and colorectal cancer cells. DLD-1 and HCT116 were selected for the experiment. CCK-8
was used to detect cytotoxicity; apoptosis rate was measured using flow cytometry; Western blot was employed
to measure the expression levels of apoptotic and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins. HCT116 was used to
construct a subcutaneous tumor model in nude mice. After treatment with KW-2478 and DDP, the growth rate,
volume, and weight of the tumor were observed. The expression of Ki67 was detected by immunohistochemistry.
Apoptosis of tumor cells was detected using TUNEL. Western blot was employed to measure the expression
levels of apoptotic and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins.

Results:

HSP90 mRNA and protein levels were elevated in colorectal cancer cells compared to normal colorectal
epithelial cells. HSP90 mRNA and protein expression levels were also significantly elevated in HCT116 and
DLD-1 cells compared to other colorectal cancer cells. In DLD-1 and HCT116 cells, KW2478 and DDP inhibited
cell viability. The combination of KW2478 and DDP exhibited a significantly higher inhibitory effect compared
to either KW2478 or DDP alone. DDP markedly triggered apoptosis in HCT116 and DLD-1. KW2478 at 3 μg/ml
and 6 μg/ml induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells but not in DLD-1 cells. The combination of KW2478 and DDP
induced a significantly higher apoptosis rate as compared to either KW2478 or DDP alone. Treatment of HCT116
and DLD-1 with KW2478 or DDP alone increased Bax, Caspase9, and Caspase3 protein expression, while decreasing
BCL-2. The KW2478+DDP combined treatment group exhibited more significant changes. Phosphorylation
of PI3k, AKT, and mTOR decreased in the KW2478 or DDP treatment groups, with more significant
changes observed in the KW2478 + DDP combination group. The growth rate, volume, and weight of subcutaneous
tumors in the KW2478 or DDP treatment groups were significantly lower than control, and the
KW2478+DDP combination group was more affected. Ki67 expression in subcutaneous tumors was reduced in
the KW2478 or DDP treatment groups compared to the vehicle control group, with the lowest expression observed
in the KW2478 + DDP combination group. The fluorescence intensity of subcutaneous tumors was higher
in both the KW2478 and DDP treatment groups compared to the vehicle control group, and the KW2478 + DDP
combination group exhibited the strongest fluorescence intensity among them.

Conclusion:

The combination of KW2478 and cisplatin inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation and induces
apoptosis by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Advances in VEGFR Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review of Novel Anticancer
Agents
Authors: Jha Sumeet , Gupta Sneha , Rani Supriya , Arora Pinky , Choudhary Neeraj , Kumar Shubham
Published: January 2025

Cancer, characterized by aberrant cell growth, presents a formidable health challenge, impacting millions
of individuals worldwide each year. Among the myriad mechanisms facilitating tumor progression, Vascular Endothelial
Growth Factor receptors (VEGFR) play a pivotal role in driving angiogenesis the process by which tumors
develop their own blood supply. This vascularization not only supports tumor nourishment and growth but also facilitates
metastasis, enabling cancer to spread to distant sites. VEGFR inhibitors offer a strategic approach to disrupt the
VEGF-VEGFR binding pathway, thereby impeding angiogenesis, metastasis, and the proliferation of cancer cells.
This review elucidates the latest advancements in medicinal chemistry pertaining to VEGFR inhibitors, showcasing a
variety of chemical moieties and assessing their efficacy across different cancer cell lines. The novel compounds
highlighted in this review exhibit significant promise for anticancer evaluation through targeted VEGFR kinase inhibition.
A robust body of in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo studies supports these findings, demonstrating the antitumor
effects of these compounds. Computational analyses further enhance our understanding by predicting compound
binding affinities, pharmacokinetics, and overall drug-likeness. Despite the significant progress made in developing
effective VEGFR inhibitors, challenges remain in refining these agents for optimal cancer treatment. This review not
only summarizes the advancements achieved in VEGFR inhibitor development but also emphasizes the ongoing
hurdles that must be addressed to enhance the efficacy of cancer therapies.
Global Publication Trends and Research Hotspots of Diabetes and Osteoporosis
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Ren Qi , Zhao Panmei , Zou Qinghua
Published: January 2025

Background:

Diabetes and osteoporosis, as chronic diseases with high incidence, have
caused deep concern in the field of global public health due to their high morbidity and mortality.
More importantly, the complex and close relationship between diabetes and osteoporosis has gradually
become the focus of scientific research. It is very meaningful to carry out bibliometric analysis
in the research field of diabetes and osteoporosis to describe the current international trend and
present a visual representation of the past and emerging trends of diabetes and osteoporosis in the
past decade.

Methods:

In this study, the characteristics of the articles on “diabetes and osteoporosis” retrieved
and downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection [WoSCC] database from January 1,
2011 to December 1, 2022 were analyzed by bibliometrics to clarify the evolution and theme
trends between the two diseases. Citespace software was used for data analysis and visualization,
including countries, academic institutions, journals, authors, subject categories, keywords, references,
and citations. In addition, some important subtopics identified by bibliometric characterization
were further discussed and reviewed.

Results:

Finally, 3372 articles were included in the analysis, including a total of 96 countries, 407
organizations, 1161 journals, and 617 keywords. Articles related to diabetes and osteoporosis
were first published in 2011 and then showed an increasing trend year by year. The United States,
China, Italy, England, and Japan were the top 5 countries associated with the largest number of
publications. University of California-San Francisco, China Medical University, University of
Toronto, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Mayo Clinic were the top 5 academic institutions in
terms of the number of published papers. The top 5 authors with the highest number of publications
were William D, Ann V, Nicola, Peter, and Toshitsugu. Osteoporosis International has published
130 articles in this field, ranking first among highly productive journals. In addition to diabetes
and osteoporosis, the most frequently used keywords were bone mineral density, obesity,
and fracture.

Conclusions:

More and more studies have been conducted on diabetes and osteoporosis, and the
current research mainly focuses on the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases. In the future,
more attention may be paid to the prevention and management of these two chronic diseases and
the production and application of new drugs.
Protective Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation Against Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Model
Authors: Alhazmi Ayman Saeed
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality on a global
scale, with a higher prevalence observed among men. This study investigated the protective effect
of vitamin D supplementation on CVD.

Methods:

A cohort of thirty mice was divided into three groups: control, T1 diabetic, and T1 diabetic
groups that received vitamin D treatment. For each mouse in the three groups, measurements
were taken of body weight, blood glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, cardiac
enzymes, troponin I, adropin, nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1, and Vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF). In addition, measurements were taken for the overall lymphocyte count, as
well as the CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+, CD25+, and CD8+ CD25+ cell counts in all mice.

Results:

The diabetic mice that received vitamin D treatment exhibited significant reductions in
blood glucose levels, HbA1c levels, lipid profile, cardiac enzymes, troponin I, endothelin-1, and
VEGF levels as compared to the untreated diabetic group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, there was an observed
rise in adropin and NO levels in diabetic mice that received vitamin D treatment compared
to the untreated diabetic group (p < 0.05). The diabetic mice treated with vitamin D exhibited a
substantial decrease in total lymphocyte counts compared to the untreated diabetic and control animals
(p < 0.0001). Regarding the CD3+ subset, it was shown that diabetic mice subjected to vitamin
D treatment had notably elevated levels of these cells compared to both the untreated diabetic
and control groups (p < 0.0001). In addition, the administration of vitamin D resulted in a substantial
decrease in the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the group of individuals with diabetes (p <
0.0001). The diabetes group that received vitamin D treatment had significantly reduced populations
of CD4+ CD25+ and CD8+ CD25+ compared to the untreated diabetic group (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Vitamin D maintains the integrity of the cardiovascular system through the reduction
of blood glucose levels and lipid profile. Moreover, its supplementation prevents atherosclerotic
CVD by suppressing inflammatory reactions.
Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Thienopyranone Heterocycles: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Application
Authors: Thabet Hamdy K. , Althagbi Hanan I. , Al Zahrani Nourah A. , Helal Mohamed H. , Gouda Moustafa A.
Published: January 2025

Thiophene and pyranone are valuable heterocyclic compounds that play a crucial role in
the development of new drug molecules. The combination of thiophene and pyranone moieties in
hybrid structures has opened exciting possibilities for various applications, leading to the discovery
of thienopyranones (Thpyns), such as 5H-thieno[3,2-b]pyran-5-one, 2H-thieno[2,3-b]pyran-2-one,
4H-thieno[3,2-c]pyran-4-one, 7H-thieno[2,3-c]pyran-7-one, all of which exhibit intriguing properties.
This review offers an in-depth analysis of the preparation methods and chemical reactivity of
thienopyranones
Digital Screen Time and Associated Health Factors: A Bibliometric
Study on Global Research Trends Between 2012-2023
Authors: Singh Arti , Lekha P Padma Sri , Jadhav Bhoomika N , Azeez E.P. Abdul
Published: January 2025

Background:

Screen time has become an inevitable aspect of daily life
due to increased technological access and changes in the social and economic
landscapes. The increase in screen time is associated with the development of
various health conditions. Contextually, research on screen time and its health
impact has been studied widely. Therefore, the present study tried to understand
the trends and themes in the global research on screen time and its associated
health aspects.

Method:

We adopted a bibliometric review, and the data were extracted from the
SCOPUS database, limiting it to 2012-2023 (n =4077). The final number of
studies considered for the analysis was 2919 after applying the inclusion and
exclusion criteria.

Results:

Scientific production has increased over the years on this topic, with few
consistent contributors (Tremblay MS, Chaput JP, and Carson V) and sources
from Western countries leading the production in this domain. In addition, from
the results of thematic network mapping, we identified the basic yet
underdeveloped topics in screen time and health research, namely obesity, risk
factors to health, and mental health. A good proportion of the studies involve
children and adolescents as participants, indicating the growing trend of studying
screen time risk factors for these age groups' health.

Conclusion:

It was evident from the result that the earlier works have focused on
screen time as a risk to health and well-being. However, its role in specific health
conditions is underdeveloped. Further, the case of adolescents and children being
a widely studied age group suggests the implications for their health and mental
health.
Advancing Alzheimer's Treatment: Unleashing the Power of Donanemab and Quantum Computing for Enhanced Patient Outcomes
Authors: Hussain Afzal , Hussain Ashfaq
Published: January 2025

Donanemab is the first antibody to target pyroglutamate-modified amyloid-beta in Alzheimer's
disease selectively; thus, it represents a significant breakthrough in disease-modifying
treatments. Importantly, its mechanism of action encourages adequate clearance of plaques and
does not even worsen outcomes for early-stage patients, in contrast to previous treatments that did
not promote clearing for plaques or even worsened the outcomes of early-stage patients. The integration
of quantum computing in drug discovery holds tremendous transformations in terms of enhancing
the therapeutic approach against Alzheimer's disease. Researchers can speed up discovering
novel compounds, optimize treatment regimens, and personalize patient care according to individual
neurobiological profiles by using quantum computing powers. The letter to the editor discusses
the unique attributes of Donanemab, its clinical superiority, and the related side effects, besides
pushing for the promising future of integrating quantum computing into the paradigms of
Alzheimer's treatment. Though promising, integrating quantum computing into medical practice is
challenged by factors such as high computational costs, data privacy, and ethical considerations that
must be taken within strict regulatory frameworks.
Short-term Load Forecasting Based on K-medoids Clustering and XGBTide Model
Authors: Sun Bohao , Pei Yuting , Yan Bo , Wang Zesen , Zhang Liying
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Electric power load is significantly influenced by weather conditions,
making accurate load prediction under varying weather scenarios essential for effective planning
and stable operation of the power system. This paper introduces a short-term load forecasting
method that combines k-Medoids clustering and XGB-TiDE. Initially, k-Medoids clusters the
original load data into categories such as sunny, high temperature, and rain/snow days. Subsequently,
XGBoost identifies critical features within these subsequences. The combined forecast
model, XGB-TiDE, is then tailored for each subsequence. Here, the TiDE model's predictions are
refined point-by-point using the XGBoost results to derive the final short-term load forecasts. An
empirical analysis using real power load data from a specific region demonstrates that our proposed
model achieves superior accuracy, especially under extreme weather conditions such as
high temperatures and precipitation.

Background:

Electric power load is significantly influenced by weather conditions, making accurate
load prediction under varying weather scenarios essential for effective planning and stable
operation of the power system.

Objective:

Addressing the limitations of short-term load forecasting under extreme weather conditions,
this paper introduces a novel approach that leverages k-Medoids clustering and the XGBTiDE
model to enhance forecasting accuracy. This method strategically segments power load data
into meaningful clusters before applying the robust predictive capabilities of XGB-TiDE, aiming
for a significant improvement in forecast precision.

Method:

Initially, k-Medoids clusters the original load data into categories such as sunny, high
temperature, and rain/snow days. Subsequently, XGBoost identifies critical features within these
subsequences. The combined forecast model, XGB-TiDE, is then tailored for each subsequence.
Here, the TiDE model's predictions are refined point-by-point using the XGBoost results to derive
the final short-term load forecasts.

Results:

The model presented in this study demonstrates outstanding performance across all
weather conditions, consistently achieving lower mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error
(RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) compared to other models. For instance, on a
sunny day, this model records an MAE of 8.49, RMSE of 10.29, and MAPE of 2.55%, markedly
surpassing the Autoformer, which shows an MAE of 18.29, RMSE of 22.33, and MAPE of 5.50%.
These results underscore the superior accuracy of our proposed forecasting approach.

Conclusion:

An empirical analysis using real power load data from a specific region demonstrates
that our proposed model achieves superior accuracy, especially under extreme weather conditions
such as high temperatures and precipitation.
Consanguine Marriage Leads to Hierarchical Imbalance of ABO and STR Frequency and Affects the Genetic Diversity
Authors: Prajapati Suneel
Published: January 2025

Consanguinity marriages pose a serious social issue for civil society, leading to genetic syndromes, depression, and imbalanced ABO blood types and STR frequencies. Analyzing dermatoglyphics in regions with prevalent consanguineous marriages can establish a correlation with ABO frequency. Consanguineous marriages complicate forensic DNA analysis due to re-duced genetic diversity. Inbreeding within a closed, small population tends to accelerate the loss of genetic diversity and decrease the heterozygosity of genes, ultimately leading to complete homozygosity, fixation of rare alleles, and potential misidentification in inbred populations. Fo-rensic investigations require careful consideration of population structure. Short Tandem Repeat (STR) profiling is effective but should be complemented with population-specific databases, ad-ditional genetic markers, and advanced statistical methods to address the effects of inbreeding. Understanding the genetic nuances in inbred populations can enhance the accuracy and reliability of DNA profiling.
Normal Structure and Function of Ears
Authors: Sasan Jasvinder Singh , Suri Shalini , Sarma Kamal
Published: January 2025

Hearing is one of the fundamental sense. Ear also known as the
vestibulocochlear organ, is subdivided into three parts namely external, middle and
inner ear. Auricle and external acoustic meatus comprise external ear. Sound waves are
transmitted from the external ear to the middle ear. In dogs, breed-specific variances of
external ear is noticeable. The auricle has a funnel-like shape which helps in sound
collection. Auricle is divided into the proximal conchal cavity and distally located
scapha. Anthelix divides the conchal cavity from the scapha and is located close to the
conchal cavity. External acoustic meatus is made up of a proximal osseous portion and
a distal cartilaginous portion. The cartilaginous portion of carnivores is relatively long
and curved which hampers the passage of the straight otoscope for examination. The
tympanic membrane consist of two parts, namely the pars flaccida and the pars tensa.
The middle ear comprises the auditory ossicles (malleus, incus and stapes), muscles
and auditory tube. Tympanic cavity is contained in the petrous temporal bone and has
dorsal (epitympanicum), middle (mesotympanicum) and ventral (hypotympanicum)
section. Auricular ossicles are located in the dorsal portion. The tympanic membrane is
located on the lateral wall of the middle portion. The tympanic bulla is known as the
ventral hypotympanicum. Internal ear has membranous and osseous labyrinth. The
membrane labyrinth is filled with endolymph and includes the vestibular labyrinth
which houses the receptor organ for balance and cochlear labyrinth containing the
organ of hearing. The osseous labyrinth consists of vestibule, semicircular canals and
cochlea. While defects in the inner ear may result in sensorineural hearing loss, defects
in the outer, middle, and middle ear can cause conductive hearing loss. Therefore, it is
crucial to research the anatomy and physiology of the ear. This chapter's main objective
is to explore the fundamental anatomy and physiology of numerous components of the
canine ear that plays a vital role in hearing.
Food Allergy and Otitic Pruritus
Authors: Kalundia Abhishek
Published: January 2025

Otitis due to allergy induced by dietary protein is a common problem in
dogs and cats. Topical treatment mostly seems to be successful as temporary relief, but
chronic recurrence of inflammation and infection can lead to permanent inflammatory
changes, discomfort and anatomical dis-arrangements, with anti-microbial resistance.
This makes the otitis condition difficult to treat by a veterinarian. Eventually, the
changes can become irreversible and require a total ear canal ablation/lateral bulla
osteotomy or ablative laser surgery. Proper diagnosis of subtle changes in an animal's
lifestyle, diet and skin pattern is very important to be noticed. Most importantly,
clinicians must appreciate that all recurrent ear infections in dogs are secondary.
Treatment are usually in 2-3 phases: treating the root cause of the allergy, treating the
ongoing damage and inflammation and pruritus, and elimination of secondary
infections/ organisms. This will typically involve ear cleaning, topical anti-microbial
therapy, and topical or systemic glucocorticoids. Novel treatments including herbs and
special animal extracts for infection and inflammation may offer additional options in
the future. Understanding the underlying causes and pathogenesis of the disease
condition, diagnosing it at the right time and addressing the treatment in collaboration
and association with primary veterinarian, referral dermatologist and pet parents can
make a huge difference in the treatment outcome of food allergy induced otitis.
Ceruminous Otitis and its Clinical Management
Authors: Maiti S. K. , Sinha Shraddha , Sarkar Varun Kumar
Published: January 2025

Ceruminous otitis is the most common type of multifactorial disorder in
dogs and is commonly associated with bacterial and/or yeast infections. The main
diagnostic workup for Ceruminous otitis requires a detailed history, thorough physical
as well as ear examinations, and cytologic evaluation. Diagnostic imaging may be
essential tool for assessing the extent of mineralization of cartilage in the external ear
and destruction of bone in the middle ear. If the ear canals are severely inflamed,
pretreatment with systemic anti-inflammatory drugs is needed before flushing.
Frequent ear cleaning with appropriate topical medication can control the odor
associated with this condition. Steroids, cytotoxic drugs, and retinoic acid have variable
effects to control ceruminous otitis.
Ceruminoliths and its clinical Management
Authors: Maiti S. K. , Sarkar Varun Kumar , Sinha Shraddha
Published: January 2025

Epithelial migration plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of the ear
canal and tympanic membrane. This process involves the movement of keratinocytes,
and it serves to eliminate debris, prevent cerumen (earwax) buildup, and facilitates the
healing of tympanic membrane damage. Keratinocytes not only acts as a physical
barrier but also have immunological capabilities to protect the ear canal from
contaminants. Failure of epithelial migration can lead to ceruminoliths, which are hard
earwax concretions that can cause discomfort and even hearing loss. Ceruminoliths are
commonly associated with factors like over production of cerumen, obstruction in the
ear canal, and damage to the germinal epithelium. Diagnosis of ceruminoliths typically
involves otoscopic examination and otic cytology. Management options include
cerumenolytic agents, irrigation, and manual removal under vision, each with its own
considerations and precautions. Treatment of the underlying cause, such as ear mite
infestations, may also be necessary to prevent ceruminolith formation. This
comprehensive review sheds light on the mechanisms, causes, diagnosis, and
management of ceruminoliths, emphasizing the importance of ear health and the
various strategies for effective removal.
Neurological Disturbances
Authors: Maji Chinmoy , Mondal Kruti Debnath , Shee Arkaprabha
Published: January 2025

Canine ear consists of external pinna, external ear canal, middle ear and
inner ear. External ear with its cartilage structure catches the sound while middle ear
through its three unique ossicle structures and tympanic membrane transmits the wave
to internal ear. The bony labyrinth and associated structures of inner ear along with
different nerve innervations in inner and middle ear acts as sensory organ for hearing
and balance. The complex nerve structure which passes part of its course through
middle or internal ear structures also innervates the surrounding facial, lip, ear, nose,
eye, neck regions. Thus, a little obstacle or infection (otitis media or interna) in middle
or inner ear affects the nerve function and creates different muscular or nueurogenic
abnormality presented through different clinical symptoms. Among various canine ear
problems, the most common vestibular diseases (peripheral and central), namely
horner’s syndrome, hemifacial spasm, deafness, facial nerve paralysis are discussed
briefly in this chapter.
Erasing the architectural and built identity of the Marais Vernier: A chronicle of the suburban dream as an expression of consumer society
Authors: DEPREZ Samuel
Published: January 2025

Abstract. At the heart of an ancient meander of the Seine, the Marais Vernier micro-region (France - Normandy) is renowned for its vast wetlands, an ecological sanctuary protected by multiple French and European schemes. It is also an exceptional area in terms of architecture and buildings, the fruit of local determinisms that have dictated the nature and form of the habitat and land. While the “chaumière”, a thatched, half-timbered house, is the land's defining feature, its place in the landscape is gradually disappearing under the weight of the urbanization movement initiated in the early 1960s and the opening up of the area. Since then, in a random arrangement and denial of the existing, singularity and richness, the various forms of built-up areas that have marked each new phase of individual construction in France since the post-war period have been sedimented. The result has been a long process of erasing built, land, and architectural identity, driven by the realization of the suburban dream and the myth of the single-family home as the material manifestation of consumer society.
From disintegration to valorization: What perspectives and multi-scale approaches towards a sustainable territorial design for the architecture of Kasbahs and Ksour in southern Morocco?
Authors: ABYAA Zakaria
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Despite their historical and cultural importance, Kasbahs and Ksour in southern Morocco, as emblematic vernacular architectures that demonstrate an ingenious adaptation to the oasis environment, are facing progressive degradation, threatening their survival and sustainability. This research explores the disintegration and valorization of these traditional architectural structures known as Kasbahs and Ksour in southern Morocco. These fortified structures, constructed from local materials like rammed earth, represent the cultural and historical identity of the region. The research identifies the multi-faceted challenges these structures face, including natural degradation, socio-economic changes, rural exodus, and inadequate maintenance. It emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to preserve these architectural heritages while adapting them for contemporary use. The study advocates for a sustainable territorial design that integrates community participation, local practices, and tourism development, showcasing successful examples, such as Ksar Aït Ben Haddou. The focus is on balancing heritage conservation with modern requirements, aiming to foster economic development and community involvement. By developing collaborative initiatives, this research calls for an inclusive methodology that respects the historical significance of these sites while promoting resilient local economies and ensuring cultural continuity for future generations. Ultimately, the research underscores the potential of these architectures as catalysts for sustainable architectural, urban and territorial development in Morocco.
Energy efficiency applied to vernacular architecture, case of the rammed earth buildings: A literature review
Authors: CHEIKHI Wiçal
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Rammed earth architecture is a widely spread vernacular architecture on a global scale and represents an iconic construction model in our country. Indeed, this architecture is an integral component of Moroccan architectural heritage. Long neglected in Favor of modern construction techniques, this method is nowadays experiencing a renaissance due to its energy, environmental, socio-economic, and aesthetic qualities. However, although its aesthetic and historical value is well-established, its energy, ecological, and environmental aspects deserve further exploration. This article aims to shed light on these aspects by placing them within the current energy trend, through the study of the thermal characteristics of the construction material and the analysis of the conceptual choices of rammed earth architecture in Morocco.
ESG-szabályozás és ami mögötte van – lehetőségek és kihívások a vállalkozások magyarországi ESG felkészülésében
Authors: Szendrey Orsolya , Bányai Gábor , Dombi Mihály , Futó Judit , Gulyás Dávid János , Karcagi-Kováts Andrea , Harazin Piroska
Published: January 2025

On 12 December 2023, the Parliament adopted the proposal on the rules of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and other related laws to promote sustainable financing and unified corporate responsibility (ESG Act). Companies subject to the Act will gradually have to comply with several qualitative and quantitative requirements, which will pose significant challenges for market players and regulators monitoring their operations. This paper aims to review how the gradual extension of the scope of the Act will affect market and industry players, highlighting the opportunities and challenges for stakeholders in meeting regulatory requirements in environmental, corporate governance and social matters.
Weight Loss Patterns and Outcomes Over 12 Months on a Commercial Weight Management Program (CSIRO Total Wellbeing Diet Online): Large-Community Cohort Evaluation Study
Authors: Hendrie Gilly A , Baird Danielle L , James-Martin Genevieve , Brindal Emily , Brooker Paige G
Published: January 2025

Background

A greater understanding of the effectiveness of digital self-management programs and their ability to support longer-term weight loss is needed.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the total weight loss and patterns of weight loss of CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) Total Wellbeing Diet Online members during their first 12 months of membership and examine the patterns of platform use associated with greater weight loss.

Methods

Participants were Australian adults who joined the program between October 2014 and June 2022 and were classified as longer-term members, meaning they completed at least 12 weeks of the program, had baseline and 12-week weight data, and had a paid membership of ≥1 year (N=24,035). Weight loss and percentage of starting body weight loss were calculated at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months using 3 statistical approaches: (1) multiple imputations method, (2) all available data, and (3) complete data only. Among members with complete data (6602/24,035, 27.5%), patterns of weight loss and gain were examined, and how this related to total weight loss and platform use was explored.

Results

Members were mostly female (19,972/24,035, 83.09%), aged 31 to 50 years (9986/24,035, 41.5%) or 51 to 70 years (12,033/24,035, 50.06%), and most members were classified as overweight or obese (23,050/24,035, 95.9%). Using multiple imputations, the average estimated weight loss was 5.9 (SE 0.0245) kg at 12 weeks, 6.7 (SE 0.0348) kg at 6 months, 6.2 (SE 0.0400) kg at 9 months, and 5.5 (SE 0.0421) kg at 12 months. At 12 months, more than half the members (12,573/24,035, 52.3%) were at least 5% below their starting body weight and 1 in 4 (5865/24,035, 24.4%) were at least 10% below their starting body weight. In the subsample with complete data, the average weight loss at 12 months was 7.8 kg. The most common (961/6602, 14.56% members) weight loss pattern over the first 12 months was 6 months of weight loss, followed by 6 months of weight maintenance. This group had an average weight loss of 10.6 kg at 12 months (11.9% of their starting body weight). In a subgroup of participants who consistently lost weight over the 12-month period (284/6602, 4.3% of the sample), weight loss reached up to 22.3 kg (21.7% of their starting body weight). Weekly platform use was positively associated with total weight loss (r=0.287; P<.001). Members who used the platform >30 times per week (approximately >4 times/d) were more likely to lose weight in the first 6 months of the program.

Conclusions

This commercial weight loss program was shown to be effective, with 1 in 2 members achieving clinically significant results after 1 year. Greater engagement with the platform was associated with consecutive periods of weight loss and greater weight loss success overall.
Evaluating Online and Offline Health Information With the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Furukawa Emi , Okuhara Tsuyoshi , Liu Mingxin , Okada Hiroko , Kiuchi Takahiro
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

The Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) is a reliable and validated instrument for assessing the understandability and actionability of patient education materials. It has been applied across diverse cultural and linguistic contexts, enabling cross-field and cross-national material quality comparisons. Accumulated evidence from studies using the PEMAT over the past decade underscores its potential impact on patient and public action.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aims to investigate how the quality of patient education materials has been assessed using the PEMAT.

METHODS

This review protocol follows PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols) guidelines. PubMed, MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), APA PsycInfo, and Web of Science Core Collection will be searched systematically for articles published since September 2014. Two independent reviewers will conduct the search to yield a list of relevant studies based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Rayyan QCRI software will be used for screening and data extraction.

RESULTS

The results will be included in the full systematic review, which is expected to start in September 2024 and be completed to be submitted for publication by early 2025.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings are expected to identify the quality of materials evaluated by the PEMAT and the areas under evaluation. This review can also highlight gaps that exist in research and practice for improving the understandability and actionability of the materials, offering deeper insights into how existing materials can facilitate patient and public action.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/63489
Weight Loss Patterns and Outcomes Over 12 Months on a Commercial Weight Management Program (CSIRO Total Wellbeing Diet Online): Large-Community Cohort Evaluation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hendrie Gilly A , Baird Danielle L , James-Martin Genevieve , Brindal Emily , Brooker Paige G
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

A greater understanding of the effectiveness of digital self-management programs and their ability to support longer-term weight loss is needed.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the total weight loss and patterns of weight loss of CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) Total Wellbeing Diet Online members during their first 12 months of membership and examine the patterns of platform use associated with greater weight loss.

METHODS

Participants were Australian adults who joined the program between October 2014 and June 2022 and were classified as longer-term members, meaning they completed at least 12 weeks of the program, had baseline and 12-week weight data, and had a paid membership of ≥1 year (N=24,035). Weight loss and percentage of starting body weight loss were calculated at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months using 3 statistical approaches: (1) multiple imputations method, (2) all available data, and (3) complete data only. Among members with complete data (6602/24,035, 27.5%), patterns of weight loss and gain were examined, and how this related to total weight loss was explored.

RESULTS

Members were mostly female (19,972/24,035, 83.09%), aged 31 to 50 years (9986/24,035, 41.5%) or 51 to 70 years (12,033/24,035, 50.06%), and most members were classified as overweight or obese (23,050/24,035, 95.9%). Using multiple imputations, the average estimated weight loss was 5.9 (SE 0.0245) kg at 12 weeks, 6.7 (SE 0.0348) kg at 6 months, 6.2 (SE 0.0400) kg at 9 months, and 5.5 (SE 0.0421) kg at 12 months. At 12 months, more than half the members (12,573/24,035, 52.3%) were at least 5% below their starting body weight and 1 in 4 (5865/24,035, 24.4%) were at least 10% below their starting body weight. In the subsample with complete data, the average weight loss at 12 months was 7.8 kg. The most common (961/6602, 14.56% members) weight loss pattern over the first 12 months was 6 months of weight loss, followed by 6 months of weight maintenance. This group had an average weight loss of 10.6 kg at 12 months (11.9% of their starting body weight). In a subgroup of participants who consistently lost weight over the 12-month period (284/6602, 4.3% of the sample), weight loss reached up to 22.3 kg (21.7% of their starting body weight). Weekly platform use was positively associated with total weight loss (r=0.287; P<.001). Members who used the platform >30 times per week (approximately >4 times/d) were more likely to lose weight in the first 6 months of the program.

CONCLUSIONS

This commercial weight loss program was shown to be effective, with 1 in 2 members achieving clinically significant results after 1 year. Greater engagement with the platform was associated with consecutive periods of weight loss and greater weight loss success overall.
Financial incentives framework for HIV treatment- Expansion of HIV digital vaccine (Preprint)
Authors: Liu Jia
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Financial incentives can improve the compliance and health behaviors of patients. In recent years, financial incentives for HIV treatment have been continuously studied and practiced.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to provide a simple economic interpretation of the basic issues of financial incentives for HIV treatment and propose a financial incentives framework for HIV treatment.

METHODS

The concept of externality was used to analyze the importance of financial incentives for HIV treatment. HIV digital vaccine (HDV) strategy was used to concisely identify the beneficiary population and discuss the method of pay and feasibility. Based on these analyses, a framework to build a financial incentive path for the routine hospital visiting processes using blockchain and cryptocurrency was proposed.

RESULTS

Preventing HIV transmission is the main positive externality of HIV treatment that should be paid by the beneficiary population, that is, the voluntary users (vaccinees) of HDV who are at high risk of HIV infection. The framework is as follows: the HDV project owner develops a financial incentives Dapp and sets up a token account on the applicable blockchain. The users of the Dapp are the people with HIV in treatment. The tokens paid by vaccinees for HDV service are automatically deposited into the account in a specific proportion. The decision regarding the payment of the financial incentive is taken by the hospital. The evaluation is done automatically by the hospital information system following set computer programs after collecting the information generated during the routine visit and virus load test of the patient.

CONCLUSIONS

The framework makes the financial incentives of HIV treatment reasonable, precise, and efficient; forming a systematic ecology of HIV prevention and treatment, thereby help to reduce the social costs of HIV containment.
Libros de texto gratuitos: ¿El ancla o la vela de la Nueva Escuela Mexicana?
Authors: Villalpando Acuña Antonio , Leyva Murguía Ángel Alberto , Rojas Ayala Gustavo
Published: January 2025

Los autores presentan evidencia de que las y los docentes frente a grupo tienen una percepción menos favorable con respecto a la adopción de la Nueva Escuela Mexicana (NEM) y de los nuevos libros de texto gratuitos (LTG) que la que tienen las directoras y los directores de las escuelas de educación básica. Además, esta percepción es concurrente. También discuten las categorías que utilizaron para el estudio y proponen un modelo de seis factores mediante un sistema de ecuaciones estructurales, a fin de analizar si los LTG serán un ancla o una vela para la NEM.
Employer Branding: herramienta de atracción y retención del talento humano y estratega en la búsqueda de nuevos productos financieros en las MiPymes mexicanas
Authors: Guardado López Sinuhé Carlos , Martínez Flores Jerónimo
Published: January 2025

En México las MiPymes representan casi la totalidad de empresas existentes en el país y son las que mayor número de empleos generan, siendo predominantemente familiar su estructura. Sin embargo, este tipo de organizaciones por su naturaleza, se concentran en la operación diaria, descuidando elementos estratégicos como son sus empleados y el aspecto financiero, derivando en el posterior cierre de operaciones de la MiPyme. El propósito del presente artículo es presentar los beneficios que generaría la implementación del employer branding en el ámbito del capital humano y las finanzas de las MiPymes. La metodología utilizada reside en una investigación documental, descriptiva y no experimental. Se concluye que la implementación del employer branding es benéfico para las MiPymes para conformar una mayor cartera de candidatos, al mismo tiempo que les ayudará necesariamente a definir misión, visión, valores, propósito y cultura organizacional, acompañado de la indispensable estructuración de procesos relativos a Recursos Humanos. Asimismo, los empresarios de las MiPymes deben de otorgar la importancia al control de sus operaciones financieras, así como conocer los beneficios económicos que se derivan del correcto uso y tratamiento de los recursos de la empresa, el aplicar estos conocimientos coadyuvaran para mantener un crecimiento constante y brindar tranquilidad laboral al personal y empleados de las mismas empresas.