bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fleet Management for HDVs and CAVs on Highway in Dense Fog Environment
Authors: Gong Bowen , Wei Ruixin , Wu Dayong , Lin Ciyun
Published: August 2020

Adverse weather conditions have a significant impairment on the safety, mobility, and efficiency of highway networks. Dense fog is considered the most dangerous within the adverse weather conditions. As to improve the traffic flow throughput and driving safety in dense fog weather condition on highway, this paper uses a mathematical modeling method to study and control the fleet mixed with human-driven vehicles (HDVs) and connected automatic vehicles (CAVs) in dense fog environment on highway based on distributed model predictive control algorithm (DMPC), along with considering the car-following behavior of HDVs driver based on cellular automatic (CA) model. It aims to provide a feasible solution for controlling the mixed flow of HDVs and CAVs more safely, accurately, and stably and then potentially to improve the mobility and efficiency of highway networks in adverse weather conditions, especially in dense fog environment. This paper explores the modeling framework of the fleet management for HDVs and CAVs, including the state space model of CAVs, the car-following model of HDVs, distributed model predictive control for the fleet, and the fleet stability analysis. The state space model is proposed to identify the status of the feet in the global state. The car-following model is proposed to simulate the driver behavior in the fleet in local. The DMPC-based model is proposed to optimize rolling of the fleet. Finally, this paper used the Lyapunov stability principle to analyze and prove the stability of the fleet in dense fog environment. Finally, numerical experiments were performed in MATLAB to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results showed that the proposed fleet control model has the ability of local asymptotic stability and global nonstrict string stability.
Electroacupuncture-Induced Plasticity between Different Representations in Human Motor Cortex
Authors: Peng Weiqin , Yang Tiange , Yuan Jiawei , Huang Jianpeng , Liu Jianhua
Published: August 2020

Somatosensory stimulation can effectively induce plasticity in the motor cortex representation of the stimulated body part. Specific interactions have been reported between different representations within the primary motor cortex. However, studies evaluating somatosensory stimulation-induced plasticity between different representations within the primary motor cortex are sparse. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of somatosensory stimulation on the modulation of plasticity between different representations within the primary motor cortex. Twelve healthy volunteers received both electroacupuncture (EA) and sham EA at the TE5 acupoint (located on the forearm). Plasticity changes in different representations, including the map volume, map area, and centre of gravity (COG) were evaluated by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) before and after the intervention. EA significantly increased the map volume of the forearm and hand representations compared to those of sham EA and significantly reduced the map volume of the face representation compared to that before EA. No significant change was found in the map volume of the upper arm and leg representations after EA, and likewise, no significant changes in map area and COG were observed. These results suggest that EA functions as a form of somatosensory stimulation to effectively induce plasticity between different representations within the primary motor cortex, which may be related to the extensive horizontal intrinsic connectivity between different representations. The cortical plasticity induced by somatosensory stimulation might be purposefully used to modulate human cortical function.
Elemental Diet Enriched with Amino Acids Alleviates Mucosal Inflammatory Response and Prevents Colonic Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Mice with DSS-Induced Chronic Colitis
Authors: Guo Di , Yang Jun , Ling Fangmei , Tu Lei , Li Junrong , Chen Yidong , Zou Kaifang , Zhu Liangru , Hou Xiaohua
Published: August 2020

Background. Clinical data suggest that enteral nutrition (EN) effectively decreases disease activity and maintains remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the modulatory effects of EN on the intestinal mucosal immune system remain unclear. Aims. This study first aimed at comparing the therapeutic effects of three EN formulas on ameliorating dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced chronic colitis; with the most effective formula, we then examined its influence on the mucosal inflammatory response and epithelial barrier function. Methods. The effect of EN formulas on colitis in mice was assessed by body weight, disease activity index scores, colon length, and H&E staining for pathological examination. Colonic and circulating cytokine expression levels and the frequencies of immune cells were also analyzed. Intestinal epithelial barrier function was evaluated by detecting tight junction proteins. Results. We found that among the three EN formulas, an elemental diet (ED) containing enriched amino acids restored the colitis-related reduction in body weight better than the other two EN formulas. ED amino acids suppressed the release of colonic proinflammatory mediators and maintained the expression of tight junction proteins in these mice. ED amino acid treatment mitigated the colitis-induced increase in CD103+CD11b+ dendritic cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and inhibited the predominant Th1/Th17 responses particularly in the colonic mucosal lamina propria of mice with colitis. Conclusions. We showed that ED amino acids can be an effective immunomodulatory agent to reduce colitis-related inflammation by inhibiting proinflammatory mediators and Th1/Th17 cell responses and by repairing the disrupted epithelial barrier.
Mercado laboral
Authors: Perticará Marcela , Tejada Mauricio
Published: August 2020

La pandemia y las medidas de confinamiento para controlarla han golpeado con diferente intensidad a distintos grupos de la población. En este artículo buscamos llamar la atención, de forma descriptiva, a que efectivamente los hogares más golpeados, tanto en lo sanitario como en lo económico, han sido, por un lado, los vulnerables y con mayores carencias y, por el otro, los de clase media. Cabe recordar que la pandemia se inició, allá por marzo cuando se detectaron los primeros casos, como un fenómeno importado y estaba asociado a sectores acomodados de la población que estaban retornando de Europa (donde estaba en pleno proceso de alza). Pasados cinco meses, y de acuerdo con lo informado por el Ministerio de Salud, los casos confirmados a lo largo del país superan los 350 mil. Continuar leyendo...
Cancer Cell CD44 Mediates Macrophage/Monocyte-Driven Regulation of Head and Neck Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Gomez Karina E. , Wu FangLong , Keysar Stephen B. , Morton J. Jason , Miller Bettina , Chimed Tugs-Saikhan , Le Phuong N. , Nieto Cera , Chowdhury Farshad N. , Tyagi Anit , Lyons Traci R. , Young Christian D. , Zhou Hongmei , Somerset Hilary L. , Wang Xiao-Jing , Jimeno Antonio
Published: August 2020

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) cooperate with cancer stem cells (CSC) to maintain stemness. We recently identified cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) as a surface marker defining head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) CSC. PI3K–4EBP1–SOX2 activation and signaling regulate CSC properties, yet the upstream molecular control of this pathway and the mechanisms underlying cross-talk between TAM and CSC in HNSCC remain largely unknown. Because CD44 is a molecular mediator in the TME, we propose here that TAM-influenced CD44 signaling could mediate stemness via the PI3K–4EBP1–SOX2 pathway, possibly by modulating availability of hyaluronic acid (HA), the main CD44 ligand. HNSCC IHC was used to identify TAM/CSC relationships, and in vitro coculture spheroid models and in vivo mouse models were used to identify the influence of TAMs on CSC function via CD44. Patient HNSCC–derived TAMs were positively and negatively associated with CSC marker expression at noninvasive and invasive edge regions, respectively. TAMs increased availability of HA and increased cancer cell invasion. HA binding to CD44 increased PI3K–4EBP1–SOX2 signaling and the CSC fraction, whereas CD44–VCAM-1 binding promoted invasive signaling by ezrin/PI3K. In vivo, targeting CD44 decreased PI3K–4EBP1–SOX2 signaling, tumor growth, and CSC. TAM depletion in syngeneic and humanized mouse models also diminished growth and CSC numbers. Finally, a CD44 isoform switch regulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity as standard form of CD44 and CD44v8-10 determined invasive and tumorigenic phenotypes, respectively. We have established a mechanistic link between TAMs and CSCs in HNSCC that is mediated by CD44 intracellular signaling in response to extracellular signals.

Significance:

These findings establish a mechanistic link between tumor cell CD44, TAM, and CSC properties at the tumor–stroma interface that can serve as a vital area of focus for target and drug discovery.
Bubble Bubble, Senescent Cells Are a Cauldron of Tumor Trouble
Authors: Wiley Christopher D.
Published: August 2020

Senescent cells release a mélange of factors that drive multiple forms of pathology, including cancer aggressiveness. In this issue of Cancer Research, Han and colleagues show that small extracellular vesicles (sEV), membrane-enclosed bubbles that carry signaling molecules, from senescent stromal cells can promote tumorigenesis and multidrug resistance in prostate or breast cancer cells. They find that loss of SIRT1 activity drives senescence-associated sEV release, and treatment with a SIRT1 agonist prevented this effect. This adds another mechanism by which senescent cells can promote tumorigenesis and offers another activity of senescent cells that might be targeted to limit the spread of cancer.

See related article by Han et al., p. 3383
Abstract A21: TRIM29 promotes invasion and migration of bladder cancer cells by regulating myosin-intermediate filament network and focal adhesion
Authors: Wang Yin , Gumkowski Erica R. , Palmbos Phillip L.
Published: August 2020

Development of invasive progression in human bladder cancer is a key determinant of patient outcomes. Therefore, understanding the drivers of bladder cancer invasive progression is critical to improving patient care. We have previously shown that TRIM29 (also known as ataxia-telangiectasia group D complementing gene, ATDC) is highly expressed in muscle-invasive bladder cancer and plays an important role in driving tumor formation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. TRIM29 is upregulated by TP63 in basal subtype tumors, but the mechanism by which TRIM29 promotes tumor invasion was unknown. To elucidate the mechanism by which TRIM29 drives bladder cancer invasion, we developed a 3-D bladder cancer spheroid invasion assay that allows observation of the invasive process of cancer spheroids in a real-time fashion and observation of protein expression using confocal microscopy. Using this system, we confirmed that TRIM29 is required for bladder cancer stromal invasion. To determine if TRIM29 is specifically required for cell migration, which is an important ability contributing to invasive behavior, scratch assays were performed and we found TRIM29 is required for migration. Cancer cell migration requires modulation of cell adhesion and actin/myosin activation. To examine the role of TRIM29 in cell adhesion and motility, gene knockout or knockdowns of TRIM29 were generated in human bladder cancer cell lines (UM-UC5, UC9, UC13, UC14). Interestingly, TRIM29 KO/KD downregulates the expression of keratin 14 (KRT14), a member of type I keratin family that constitutes intermediate filament (IF) network, as well as myosin IIA (MYH9), a non-muscle motor protein that is essential for cell adhesion and migration. Using immunofluorescent confocal microscopy, we found that TRIM29 also modulates formation of focal adhesion plaques in bladder cancer during cell migration. Taken together, these findings suggest a novel mechanism by which TRIM29 regulates bladder cancer cell motility and invasion.

Citation Format: Yin Wang, Erica R. Gumkowski, Phillip L. Palmbos. TRIM29 promotes invasion and migration of bladder cancer cells by regulating myosin-intermediate filament network and focal adhesion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2019 May 18-21; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(15_Suppl):Abstract nr A21.
Abstract B13: Characterization of the global proteome and phosphoproteome in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancers revealed the CDK2 network as a potential therapeutic target
Authors: Jung Jae Hun , You Sungyong , Oh Jae Won , Yoon Junhee , Yeon Austin , Shahid Muhammad , Cho Eunho , Sairam Vikram , Park Taeeun , Kim Kwang Pyo , Kim Jayoung
Published: August 2020

Introduction and Objective: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is currently part of the standard of care for bladder cancer (BC). Unfortunately, some patients respond poorly to chemotherapy and have acquired or developed resistance. The molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance remain unclear. Here, we introduce a multidimensional proteomic analysis of a cisplatin-resistant BC model that provides different levels of protein information, including that of the global proteome and phosphoproteome.

Methods: To characterize the global proteome and phosphoproteome in cisplatin-resistant BC cells, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry experiments combined with comprehensive bioinformatics analysis were performed. Perturbed expression and phosphorylation levels of key kinases associated with cisplatin resistance were further studied using various cell biology assays, including Western blot analysis.

Results: Analyses of protein expression and phosphorylation identified significantly altered proteins, which were also EGF dependent and independent. This suggests that protein phosphorylation plays a significant role in cisplatin-resistant BC. Additional network analysis of significantly altered proteins revealed CDK2, CHEK1, and ERBB2 as central regulators mediating cisplatin resistance. In addition to this, we identified the CDK2 network, which consists of CDK2 and its five substrates, as being significantly associated with poor survival after cisplatin chemotherapy.

Conclusions: Collectively, these findings potentially provide a novel way of classifying higher-risk patients and may guide future research in developing therapeutic targets.

Citation Format: Jae Hun Jung, Sungyong You, Jae Won Oh, Junhee Yoon, Austin Yeon, Muhammad Shahid, Eunho Cho, Vikram Sairam, Taeeun Park, Kwang Pyo Kim, Jayoung Kim. Characterization of the global proteome and phosphoproteome in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancers revealed the CDK2 network as a potential therapeutic target [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2019 May 18-21; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(15_Suppl):Abstract nr B13.
Abstract IA04: Molecular alterations in variant morphology
Authors: Hansel Donna E.
Published: August 2020

Bladder cancer can be divided into several major subtypes that include urothelial carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma. Urothelial carcinoma, the most common form of bladder cancer, is further subdivided into numerous histologic variants based on distinct morphologic features. While histologic characterization remains the most important factor in diagnosis and patient management, emerging molecular data across bladder cancer subtypes and variants may potentially alter how bladder cancer is classified. Large scale -omic analytics have uncovered unique signatures within major bladder cancer subtypes. In addition, molecular groupings and unique single-gene alterations have been identified within urothelial carcinoma and its many morphologic variants, including plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma and micropapillary urothelial carcinoma. We will review molecular alterations in major categories of bladder cancer and urothelial carcinoma variants. Many of these molecular alterations could potentially be used in revised classification, diagnosis, and therapy of bladder cancer.

Citation Format: Donna E. Hansel. Molecular alterations in variant morphology [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2019 May 18-21; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(15_Suppl):Abstract nr IA04.
Abstract IA09: Collagen microenvironment in the modulation of local invasion and distal metastasis
Authors: Cheng Yu , Chan Keith Syson
Published: August 2020

Metastasis is a multistep process that includes, but is not limited to, local invasion, intravasation of tumor cells into the circulation, and extravasation of circulating tumor cells from the circulation into distal organs for metastatic colonization. The 5-year survival rate of patients diagnosed with metastatic bladder urothelial carcinomas is less than 10%, posing a major clinical challenge. Previous studies in human bladder urothelial carcinomas have elegantly investigated the mechanistic contribution of tumor cell intrinsic properties that promote metastasis. However, the contribution of tumor microenvironments at both the primary tumor and metastatic sites to the metastatic process is not as well characterized.

Historically, the extracellular matrix (ECM) was considered a passive scaffold, enclosing neighboring cancer cells and other cell types to support tissue architecture. Intriguingly, recent studies, including ours, revealed the emerging roles of ECMs as a dynamic component of the tumor microenvironment, which crosstalks with cancer cells. Here, we showed that bladder cancer cells expressing the collagen receptor CD167a or discoidin domain receptor 1 responded to collagen stimulation at the primary tumor to promote local invasion and utilized the same receptor to preferentially colonize at airway smooth muscle cells—another rich source of collagen and a newly identified metastatic niche in lung. Morphologically, these collagen-CD167a-driven metastatic foci are uniquely distinct from typical lung alveolar metastatic lesions and exhibited activation of the CD167a-HSP90-Stat3 axis. Interestingly, metastatic lung colonization could be abrogated using an investigational drug that attenuates Stat3 activity, implicating this seed-and-soil interaction as a therapeutic target for abrogating lung metastases.

Together with our recent study demonstrating prevalent Stat3 expression in the primary basal bladder carcinomas (J Natl Cancer Inst 2018 May 1;110[5]:448-59), these findings implicate Stat3 as a valid target for metastatic bladder carcinoma patients with a basal molecular subtype, thus opening a new avenue for potential clinical intervention.

Citation Format: Yu Cheng, Keith Syson Chan. Collagen microenvironment in the modulation of local invasion and distal metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2019 May 18-21; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(15_Suppl):Abstract nr IA09.
Abstract IA17: Patient-derived organoid models of bladder cancer
Authors: Shen Michael M.
Published: August 2020

The molecular mechanisms of bladder tumorigenesis are poorly understood, in part due to the lack of suitable model systems that reflect the biology of human bladder cancer. In our studies, we have used three-dimensional culture approaches to establish a novel biobank of human patient-derived organoids from primary bladder tumors. These organoid lines recapitulate the histopathologic and molecular diversity of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer as well as muscle-invasive bladder cancer, and can be readily converted into xenografts by orthotopic transplantation. These organoid lines can be propagated by serial passaging in culture while maintaining their tumor properties and display mutational profiles that are highly concordant with their parental tumors. Notably, organoid lines often retain parental tumor heterogeneity and exhibit a spectrum of genomic changes that are consistent with tumor evolution in culture. Furthermore, we have shown that these organoid lines are highly amenable for analyses of drug response, which can be validated in vivo using orthotopic xenografts.

I will discuss our recent findings using patient-derived tumor organoid lines to investigate bladder cancer biology and drug response, including ongoing analyses of tumor plasticity and the basis for tumor recurrence.

Citation Format: Michael M. Shen. Patient-derived organoid models of bladder cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2019 May 18-21; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(15_Suppl):Abstract nr IA17.
An Unexpected Cause of Recurrent Jaundice after Resolution of Acute Hepatitis E
Authors: Verbeeck Annabelle , De Becker Ann , Reynaert Hendrik
Published: August 2020

In this report, we describe a rare case of liver enzyme disturbance caused by myeloid sarcoma of the gallbladder and biliary tract. A 63-year-old man with progressive chronic myeloid leukemia presented with acute hepatitis. Viral serology revealed an infection with hepatitis E virus. The liver enzymes and bilirubin improved gradually under treatment with ribavirin, but there was a flair up shortly after. Imaging including CT and echo-endoscopy showed a thickened infiltrated gallbladder wall and dilated bile ducts, suspected for myeloid sarcoma. Biopsy of an atypical skin lesion, present at the same time, confirmed the diagnosis of acute extramedullary leukemia. After induction chemotherapy, hematological improvement was seen together with a decrease of bilirubin and liver enzymes and a normalization of the bile ducts and gallbladder on imaging. However, three months later, myeloid leukemia progressed again, and the patient deceased.
The Atopy Index Inventory: A Brief and Simple Tool to Identify Atopic Patients
Authors: Di Berardino Federica , Zanetti Diego , Monzani Daniele , Rossaro Bruno , Cantarella Giovanna , Dejonckere Philippe , Pignataro Lorenzo
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Atopy and ear, nose and throat (ENT) diseases are frequently associated; however, no clinical tool has been proposed so far to discriminate which patients could be atopic and therefore deserving of a further immunoallergological evaluation. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess and validate a set of dichotomous responses suitable for predicting the presence of atopy in adult patients. Methods: An 11-item questionnaire, i.e., the Atopy Index Inventory (AII), comprised of 4 questions regarding the clinical history for allergic disease and 7 questions evaluating the presence of the most frequent clinical signs affecting allergic patients, was developed and administered to 226 adult subjects (124 atopic subjects and 102 healthy, not atopic subjects). The atopic condition was proven by an immunoallergological evaluation according to the diagnostic criteria of the EAACI guidelines. Internal consistency and clinical validity were tested. Results: In healthy subjects, the first 4 variables of the AII returned a 100% correct response (all answered “no”) and were defined as “decisive” responses. In the logistic regression analysis, when decisive items were negative, the atopic condition was confirmed when answering “yes” to at least 3 “probability” items (cut-off = 2.69). The difference in AII scores between allergic and healthy group was significant using the Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of the AII were 0.97 and 0.91, respectively, with a true predictive value of 0.92 and a false predictive value of 0.97. The ROC curve showed an area of 0.94, with an OR of 0.88 (95% CI 0.87–0.97, p = 0.0001). The internal consistency as determined by the Cronbach α coefficient was 0.88. Conclusion: The AII has been proven to be a brief, simple and sufficiently accurate tool for screening ENT patients in search of atopic individuals and to allow their clinical management.
Perfil microbiológico da colonização do sítio de inserção do cateter venoso central considerando dois curativos transparentes
Authors: Pereira Gabriela Levorato , Margatho Amanda Salles , Lima Denissani Aparecida Ferrari dos Santos , Santos Bruna Nogueira , Reis Paula Elaine Diniz Dos , Basile-Filho Anibal , Silveira Renata Cristina de Campos Pereira
Published: August 2020

Modelo do Estudo: estudo transversal da fase prospectiva de um ensaio clínico. Objetivo: identificar os microrganismos e a sensibilidade antimicrobiana no sítio de inserção do cateter venoso central coberto pelo curativo gel de clorexidina ou pelo filme transparente de poliuretano. Metodologia: estudo transversal, descritivo, realizado com adultos críticos no período de abril a dezembro de 2014 em um hospital universitário no interior do estado de São Paulo. Imediatamente após a retirada do curativo, foi coletada amostra de swab da pele do sítio de inserção do cateter, semeado em placas de Agar sangue e Agar MacConkey e incubadas em estufas bacteriológicas a 35 °C. Nas amostras que apresentaram crescimento bacteriano após 24 horas de incubação, foram realizados testes de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos utilizando o equipamento automatizado Vitek II (Biomerieux®). Resultados: 45 pacientes fizeram uso do curativo gel de clorexidina e 47 utilizaram o filme transparente de poliuretano. No grupo com o curativo gel de clorexidina houve crescimento dos microrganismos Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Morganella morganii, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus epidermidis em 13 amostras de swabs. O Staphylococcus aureus apresentou resistência a oxacilina. No grupo do filme transparente de poliuretano seis amostras foram positivas com o crescimento de Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus e Klebsiella pneumoniae, esta resistente a amicacina (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase - KPC). Conclusão: os resultados demonstram maior crescimento bacteriano no sítio de inserção do cateter venoso central coberto pelo curativo gel de clorexidina quando comparado ao filme transparente de poliuretano.
Fatores associados à presença de Candida spp. em amostras de fluído vaginal de mulheres residentes em comunidades quilombolas
Authors: Batista José Eduardo , Oliveira Anderson Pereira De , Aragão Francisca Bruna Arruda , Santos Gerusinete Rodrigues Bastos Dos , Lobão Walder Jansen de Mello , Cunha Caio da Costa , Santos Thiago de Sousa , Sousa Clice Pimentel Cunha De , Rodrigues Vandilson Pinheiro
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Investigar a frequência e fatores associados à detecção de Candida spp. em fluido vaginal de mulheres residentes em uma comunidade quilombola. Materiais e Método: Um estudo transversal foi conduzido com 177 mulheres residentes em uma comunidade quilombola no Nordeste do Brasil. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida, saúde geral e saúde reprodutiva. O material coletado na região do colo do útero foi submetido a exame citopatológico. Amostras de fluido vaginal foram coletadas para a análise microbiológica. Os testes Qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher e modelos de Regressão Logística foram utilizados na análise estatística. Resultados: Foi detectado Candida spp. em 28,9% das amostras. A espécie mais frequente nos casos positivos foi a Candida albicans (49%), seguida da Candida krusei (39,2%). Após o ajustamento, observou-se que mulheres com idade igual ou maior que 50 anos apresentaram maior chance da detecção de Candida spp. no fluido vaginal (OR ajustada = 3,46; IC95% = 1,68-7,12), enquanto as mulheres com queixa de corrimento vaginal apresentaram uma chance menor de detecção de Candida spp. (OR ajustada = 0,29; IC95% = 0,11-0,78). Conclusão: Os achados sugerem uma elevada detecção de Candida spp. no fluido vaginal entre mulheres residentes em comunidades quilombolas, o que sinaliza a necessidade do planejamento de medidas para prevenção e rastreamento de caso de candidíase vulvovaginal neste grupo populacional. Além disso, a presença de Candida spp. foi mais elevada em mulheres a partir da quinta década de vida, menor nas mulheres com queixas de corrimento vaginal.
Adenomegalia dolorosa: doença de kikuchi entre os diagnósticos diferenciais
Authors: Oliveira Dagna Karen , Lehmann Kenny Regina , Kreuz Raquel Laís , Romero Frederico Ramalho
Published: August 2020

A doença de Kikuchi-Fujimoto ou linfadenite histiocítica necrosante, de curso benigno, é prevalente em mulheres jovens, e associada à febre e leucopenia.  Estudos recentes têm demostrado que sua etiologia ainda é incerta, sendo uma doença rara, com incidência de 0,5 a 5% de todas as adenopatias analisadas histologicamente. O diagnóstico diferencial por imunohistoquímica foi decisivo, descartando outras hipóteses diagnósticas como: linfoma, tuberculose ganglionar e lúpus eritematoso sistêmico. Este relato de caso mostra as características da apresentação da doença em uma mulher, caucasiana e todas as etapas da investigação, destacando a importância dos diagnósticos diferenciais em adenopatias dolorosas e as dificuldades quando avaliamos portadores de doenças raras.
Gêneros e multimodalidade: o papel do plano de texto para o ensino da leitura
Authors: Leal Audria Albuquerque , Gonçalves Matilde
Published: August 2020

Neste artigo, parte-se das propostas de Leal (2019) e de Gonçalves e Jorge (2019), com vista a contribuir para o ensino/ aprendizagem da leitura de textos multimodais. Para tal, articula-se a noção de plano de texto, equacionada como noção teórica e transposta como ferramenta de trabalho válida no âmbito do ensino da língua, com a de composicionalidade, evidenciando a interação entre o linguístico e as outras semioses. A articulação entre as duas noções possibilita trabalhar com textos multimodais, através de uma abordagem macro, para o nível contextual e, de uma abordagem meso/micro, para o nível configuracional. Pretende-se, com o presente contributo, melhorar as práticas de ensino/aprendizagem da leitura, em particular em textos com multiplicidade de linguagens, evidenciando como as diversas formas de interação entre o verbal e o não verbal são complexas e precisam de um trabalho faseado.
Genetic Predisposition to Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: van Zuydam Natalie R. , Ladenvall Claes , Voight Benjamin F. , Strawbridge Rona J. , Fernandez-Tajes Juan , Rayner N. William , Robertson Neil R. , Mahajan Anubha , Vlachopoulou Efthymia , Goel Anuj , Kleber Marcus E. , Nelson Christopher P. , Kwee Lydia Coulter , Esko Tõnu , Mihailov Evelin , Mägi Reedik , Milani Lili , Fischer Krista , Kanoni Stavroula , Kumar Jitender , Song Ci , Hartiala Jaana A. , Pedersen Nancy L. , Perola Markus , Gieger Christian , Peters Annette , Qu Liming , Willems Sara M. , Doney Alex S.F. , Morris Andrew D. , Zheng Yan , Sesti Giorgio , Hu Frank B. , Qi Lu , Laakso Markku , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Grallert Harald , van Duijn Cornelia , Reilly Muredach P. , Ingelsson Erik , Deloukas Panos , Kathiresan Sek , Metspalu Andres , Shah Svati H. , Sinisalo Juha , Salomaa Veikko , Hamsten Anders , Samani Nilesh J. , März Winfried , Hazen Stanley L. , Watkins Hugh , Saleheen Danish , Morris Andrew P. , Colhoun Helen M. , Groop Leif , McCarthy Mark I. , Palmer Colin N.A. , Danesh John , Erdmann Jeanette , Gu Dongfeng , Kooner Jaspal S. , Roberts Robert , Schunkert Heribert , Assimes Themistocles L. , Blankenberg Stefan , Boehm Bernhard O. , Chambers John C. , Clarke Robert , Collins Rory , Dedoussis George , Franks Paul W. , Hovingh G. Kees , Kim Bong-Jo , Lehtimäki Terho , McPherson Ruth , Nieminen Markku S , O’Donnell Christopher , Ripatti Samuli , Sandhu Manjinder S , Schreiber Stefan , Siegbahn Agneta , Willer Cristen J. , Zalloua Pierre A. , Mark Michael , Kanninen Timo , Thorand Barbara , Remuzzi Giuseppe , Dunger David , Shore Angela , Smith Ulf , Groop Per-Henrik , Ylä-Herttuala Seppo , Cobelli Claudio , Bellazzi Riccardo , Ferrannini Ele , Patrono Carlo , Nuutila Pirjo , McKeague Paul , Steckel-Hamann Birgit , Gan Li-ming , Nogoceke Everson , Tortoli Piero , Jablonka Bernd , Brosnan Mary-Julia
Published: August 2020

Background:

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is accelerated in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

Methods:

To test whether this reflects differential genetic influences on CAD risk in subjects with T2D, we performed a systematic assessment of genetic overlap between CAD and T2D in 66 643 subjects (27 708 with CAD and 24 259 with T2D). Variants showing apparent association with CAD in stratified analyses or evidence of interaction were evaluated in a further 117 787 subjects (16 694 with CAD and 11 537 with T2D).

Results:

None of the previously characterized CAD loci was found to have specific effects on CAD in T2D individuals, and a genome-wide interaction analysis found no new variants for CAD that could be considered T2D specific. When we considered the overall genetic correlations between CAD and its risk factors, we found no substantial differences in these relationships by T2D background.

Conclusions:

This study found no evidence that the genetic architecture of CAD differs in those with T2D compared with those without T2D.
Discharge Prescription Patterns for Antiplatelet Therapy Following Lower Extremity Peripheral Vascular Intervention
Authors: Singh Nikhil , Ding Li , Magee Gregory A. , Shavelle David M. , Kashyap Vikram S. , Garg Parveen K.
Published: August 2020

Background:

Despite current guidelines suggesting a benefit for dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following peripheral vascular intervention (PVI), there are limited data on antiplatelet prescribing patterns post-procedure. We attempted to determine variables associated with DAPT prescription following lower extremity PVI.

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of patients undergoing lower extremity PVI in the Vascular Quality Initiative (2017–2018) was performed. Participants not on anticoagulation or DAPT before the procedure were considered for the final analysis. Postdischarge antiplatelet therapy regimen rates were determined (none, aspirin only, P2Y12 inhibitor only, and DAPT). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine variables associated with DAPT initiation compared with those discharged on single-agent or no antiplatelet therapy.

Results:

A total of 16 597 procedures were included for analysis, with 49% initiated on DAPT post-PVI. Male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.12 [95% CI, 1.05–1.20]), smoking (OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.09–1.32]), and coronary artery disease (OR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.11–1.27]) were associated with an increased likelihood of post-PVI DAPT prescription. Procedures requiring multiple types of interventions (OR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.15–1.42]), stent placement (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.06–1.27]), and with complications (OR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.14–1.52]) were also positively associated with DAPT prescription.

Conclusions:

In patients not already receiving anticoagulation or on DAPT at the time of lower extremity PVI, prescription of DAPT following intervention is ≈50%. Multiple factors were associated with the decision for DAPT versus single antiplatelet therapy, and further study is required to understand how this affects postintervention adverse limb and cardiovascular events.
Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) in Nanling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong, China
Authors: FANG XIAO-DUAN , OUYANG GE-CHENG , WU WEI-NAN
Published: August 2020

Nanling National Nature Reserve is the biggest natural reserve in Guangdong Province. It is located on the south side of the Nanling middle mountain range, bordering on Hunan Province. During Oct. 28–Nov. 2, 2018, a survey was carried out to investigate the fauna of phytoseiid mites in Nanling National Nature Reserve. A total of 17 species in eight genera and two subfamilies was recorded, including two new species Transeius conyzoides Fang & Wu sp. nov. and Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) huangjiaensis Fang & Wu sp. nov. A checklist of all species is presented in this paper, and the two new species are described and illustrated.
Review of the enigmatic Neotropical leafhopper genus Brazosa Oman and other potentially related Athysanini genera (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae), with descriptions of South American new genera and species
Authors: PINEDO-ESCATEL J. ADILSON , DIETRICH CHRISTOPHER. H.
Published: August 2020

Three new Neotropical athysanine (Deltocephalinae) leafhopper genera, Spaltumtettix Pinedo-Escatel & Dietrich gen. nov., Pseudonapo Pinedo-Escatel & Dietrich gen. nov., and Goiattus Pinedo-Escatel gen. nov., and 4 new species, S. coloradus Pinedo-Escatel & Dietrich sp. nov. (Peru), P. waorani Pinedo-Escatel & Dietrich sp. nov. (Ecuador), P. huanucensis Pinedo-Escatel & Dietrich sp. nov. (Peru), and G. reyesi Pinedo-Escatel sp. nov. (Brazil), are described and illustrated. In addition, the genera Zabrosa Oman, Napo Linnavuori & DeLong, Pseudalaca Linnavuori and Brazosa Oman are revised and redescribed. Six new species are described in Brazosa: B. campinacu Pinedo-Escatel & Dietrich sp. nov. (Brazil), B. espatula Pinedo-Escatel & Dietrich sp. nov. (Brazil), B. encrustada Pinedo-Escatel & Dietrich sp. nov. (Brazil), B. mildredireanae Pinedo-Escatel sp. nov. (Peru), B. negra Pinedo-Escatel & Dietrich sp. nov. (Peru and Bolivia) and B. beni Pinedo-Escatel & Dietrich sp. nov. (Bolivia). Brazosa caesarea Linnavuori & Heller comb. nov. is transferred to Spaltumtettix. The South American species Z. aquareza Linnavuori & DeLong syn. nov. is proposed as junior synonym of Z. unicampi Menezes. Keys to species of each genus are provided. Unusual aspects of the morphology of these genera are discussed and a comparative table is provided.
The tadpole of Amazophrynella teko (Anura: Bufonidae) from the eastern Amazon, Brazil
Authors: MENIN MARCELO , DIAS-SOUZA MARCOS ROBERTO , COSTA-CAMPOS CARLOS EDUARDO
Published: August 2020

The genus Amazophrynella Fouquet, Recoder, Teixeira, Cassimiro, Amaro, Camacho, Damasceno, Carnaval, Moritz, and Rodrigues, is represented by 12 nominal species and distributed in the Amazon region of Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, French Guiana, Peru, and Venezuela (Frost 2020). In the last eight years, ten species from this genus have been described. However, despite the wide distribution and diversity of these species, only the tadpole of Amazophrynella manaos Rojas, Carvalho, Ávila, Farias, and Hrbek from the Brazilian Amazon (Menin et al. 2014) and A. siona Rojas, Fouquet, Ron, Hernández-Ruz, Melo-Sampaio, Chaparro, Vogt, Carvalho, Pinheiro, Ávila, Farias, Gordo, and Hrbek from Ecuador have been formally described (Duellman & Lynch 1969; Rojas et al. 2018). Literature about tadpole morphology, reproduction, and bioacoustics of Amazophrynella is scarce and necessary to a comprehensive taxonomic classification (Kaefer et al. 2019). Herein, we describe the tadpole of the recently described species Amazophrynella teko Rojas, Fouquet, Ron, Hernández-Ruz, Melo-Sampaio, Chaparro, Vogt, Carvalho, Pinheiro, Ávila, Farias, Gordo, and Hrbek, found in the northeastern Amazon, in the State of Amapá, Brazil, and in French Guiana.
The Use of the Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) of the Embryonic Chick for the Direct Assessment of Implant Toxicity
Authors: Monro P.P. , Knight D.P. , Pringle W.S. , Fyfe D.M. , Shearer J.R.
Published: August 2020

The toxicity of implant materials requires investigation prior to clinical use. We have developed a method where materials are directly applied to the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of 9-day-old chick embryos and toxicity is assessed using histological criteria. We evaluated the method using metal foils.

The number and organisation of fibroblasts seemed to be the most useful criteria for assessing metal toxicity. Differences were greatest after 10 days of culture on the CAM. The method is sensitive enough to enable us to discriminate between the less toxic aluminium and titanium and the highly toxic cobalt, nickel and tungsten.

The proposed method has advantages over in vitro techniques which provide an abnormal fluid environment and in which the more complex interactions that are possible between implant materials and tissue in vivo cannot be modelled.
Aldehyde-Induced Cytotoxicity in Cultured Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Dupbukt J.M. , Sundqvist K. , Grafström R.C.
Published: August 2020

Effects of the tobacco smoke related aldehydes, i.e. acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and acrolein, have been investigated in cultured human bronchial epithelial cells. When survival is measured as loss of colony-forming efficiency, acrolein is 200–fold and 5000–fold more toxic than formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, respectively. At cytotoxic concentrations, the cellular content of free thiols is markedly depleted by acrolein, whereas formaldehyde and acetaldehyde only slightly decrease thiols. These aldehydes cause many other pathobiological effects in human cells that relate to the initiation and promotion phases of carcinogenesis, including: DNA damage, mutation, inhibition of DNA repair, and squamous differentiation. Interpretation of the importance of these cytopathic effects in carcinogenesis has to be based on accurate determinations of aldehyde-induced cytotoxicity.
Studies on Mechanisms of the Toxic Effects of Cadmium in Mouse Tracheal Organ Culture
Authors: Lag M. , Helgeland K.
Published: August 2020

Exposure of tracheal organ cultures to 10μM cadmium acetate resulted in a reduction of ciliary activity by 89% and a profound swelling of the epithelial cells within 4 hours. Substances with specific effects on ion transport systems did not interact with these cadmium induced effects. The swelling took place without any significant alterations of the intracellular electrolyte content (Na+, K+). Trifluoperazine (0.1mM), a calmodulin-specific drug, resulted in a reduction of ciliary activity similar to that induced by 10μM cadmium acetate, and induced a prominent swelling in part of the epithelial cell layer. A possible mechanism for the toxicity of cadmium could thus be binding of Cd2+ to the Ca2+ sites on calmodulin, causing dysfunctions of its normal regulatory role in both ciliary activity and volume control.
Changes in the Concentrations of Deoxynucleotides in Human Lymphocytes Treated In Vitro with Genotoxic Agents
Authors: Ferraro Paola , Biasin Maria R. , Celotti Lucia , Bianchi Vera
Published: August 2020

We studied the toxic and genotoxic effects of UV light and an alkylating agent (methyl methanesulphonate; MMS) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in Go and after PHA stimulation. We measured DNA repair synthesis and replication in treated PBL together with deoxynucleoside triphosphate pool and ATP concentrations. In addition to its genotoxic action, MMS induced a strong toxic effect in cycling cells, as shown by a marked depletion of nucleotide pools.
Comments on Labelling Related to the Animal Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and Products Manufactured and/or Marketed within the European Economic Community
Authors: Balls Michael
Published: August 2020

The use of terms such as “cruelty-free” and “not tested on animals” in relation to cosmetic ingredients and products is reviewed. It is concluded that, such is the confusion that has been engendered by their misuse, legitimate concerns for both human and animal welfare are compromised, and unfair trading practices are in operation. It is proposed that such misleading terminology should be prohibited within the EEC, and that more effort should be put into the development, validation and regulatory acceptance of non-animal toxicity tests and testing strategies.
Computer Simulated Demonstration of the Actions of Drugs on the Isolated Perfused Mammalian Heart (Langendorff Preparation)
Authors: Dewhurst David G. , Ullyott Richard T.
Published: August 2020

A computer-assisted learning program to demonstrate the pharmacological actions of drugs on the isolated, perfused mammalian heart is described. The program is based on a series of experiments (the action of a range of drugs/drug combinations; the action of ions; the effects of increasing preload) which may be performed on the Langendorff heart preparation. Simulated responses (contractile force, heart rate and coronary blood flow) are presented, in high-resolution graphics, for each experiment in a form comparable to a chart recorder display. The program is driven from an easy-to-use menu and contains textual information describing the preparation, the apparatus and the method. A HELP option, in the form of an editable text window, is also available. The potential for using this program in undergraduate teaching and its ability to meet the teaching objectives of laboratory-based practical sessions are discussed.
Cellular Toxicity of X-ray Contrast Media for Two Renal Epithelial Cell Lines (MDCK and LLC-PK1)
Authors: Andersen Knut-Jan , Holtz Eckart , Vik Hogne
Published: August 2020

The two renal cell lines, MDCK (distal tubule) and LLC-PK1 (proximal tubule), have been used for toxicity testing of three different X-ray contrast media: the ionic monomer Isopaque, the ionic dimer Hexabrix and the non-ionic monomer Omnipaque. The cells were grown to confluency in monolayer cultures in a chemically-defined serum-free medium before the contrast media were added, to give final concentrations corresponding to 0–100mg iodine/ml. Toxicity was assessed by cell viability and by biochemical assays of marker enzymes. The results demonstrate a concentration-dependent toxic effect from the contrast media on cellular appearance, and on the activity of brush border and lysosomal enzymes. The non-ionic X-ray contrast media appeared to be less toxic than the ionic contrast media investigated.
ZEBET's Data Bank and Information Service on Alternatives to the Use of Experimental Animals in Germany
Authors: Spielmann Horst , Grune-Wolff Barbara , Ewe Sigrid , Skolik Susanne , Liebsch Manfred , Traue Dieter , Heuer Joachim
Published: August 2020

There is limited availability of reliable and valid information on alternative methods to the use of experimental animals from open access data banks. In 1989, the Centre for Documentation and Evaluation of Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments (ZEBET) at the German Federal Health Office started a data bank to meet requirements of the German Animal Protection Act. In comparison with other data banks in this field, ZEBET's data bank comprises two types of evaluation: firstly, whether a specific method contributes to the Three Rs concept of Russell & Burch, i.e. replacement, reduction and refinement, and secondly, whether the method meets the criteria of validation as outlined in the report of the Amden workshop on validation of toxicity test procedures. This information is primarily available to the scientific and ethical commissions which have been introduced by the Animal Protection Act in order to reduce the numbers of animals used in experiments in Germany. However, other users of the ZEBET data bank are also welcome, e.g. local animal protection officers, interested scientists and the public. Although the language of ZEBET's data bank is German, the documentation also contains English summaries, key words, and updated lists of references. Here, the concept of ZEBET's data bank and its scientific background are described and compared with other alternatives data banks.