bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tunneled antibiotic-impregnated vs. bolt-connected, non-coated external ventricular drainage: a comparison of complications
Authors: Ortega-Angulo Celia , Royuela Ana , Kalantari Teresa , Rodríguez-Boto Gregorio , Gutierrez-Gonzalez Raquel
Published: August 2023

Background

External ventricular drainage (EVD) is a common emergency neurosurgical procedure, but it is not free of adverse events. The aim of this study is to compare the complication rate of two frequently used EVD types, namely, tunneled antibiotic-impregnated catheters (Bactiseal©) and bolt-connected non-coated devices (Camino©).

Methods

All EVDs placed between 1 March 2015 and 31 December 2017 were registered. Procedures performed with any catheter different from Bactiseal© or Camino© EVD with incomplete follow-up and those EVDs placed due to infectious disease were excluded. Demographic and clinical variables, as well as the overall complication rate (infection, hemorrhage, obstruction, malposition of the catheter, and involuntary pull-out of the device) and the need for replacement of the EVD, were collected.

Results

A total of 77 EVDs were finally considered for analysis (40 Bactiseal® and 37 Camino®). There was a statistically significant difference in diagnosis and also in the location of the procedure, as more bolt-connected EVD was placed outside the operating room (97.3 vs. 23.5%, p < 0.001) due to emergent pathologies such as vascular diseases and spontaneous hemorrhages. In the univariate analysis, a statistically significantly higher rate of catheter involuntary pull-out (29.7 vs. 7.5%, p = 0.012) and the need for EVD replacement (32.4 vs. 12.5%, p = 0.035) was found in the Camino cohort. However, those differences could not be confirmed with multivariable analysis, which showed no association between the type of catheter and any of the studied complications. Ventriculostomy duration was identified as a risk factor for infection (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.18).

Conclusion

No significant differences were observed regarding infection, hemorrhage, obstruction, malposition, involuntary catheter pull-out, and the need for EVD replacement when comparing non-impregnated bolt-connected EVDs (Camino®) with tunneled antibiotic-impregnated catheters (Bactiseal®). The duration of EVD was associated with an increased risk of infection.
The MOG antibody associated encephalitis preceded by COVID-19 infection; a case study and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Borończyk Michał , Węgrzynek Julia , Borończyk Agnieszka , Siuda Joanna
Published: August 2023

Background

New neurological complications of COVID-19 infection have been reported in recent research. Among them, the spectrum of anti-MOG positive diseases, defined as anti-MOG antibody associated disease (MOGAD), is distinguished, which can manifest as optic neuritis, myelitis, or various forms of encephalitis (MOGAE).

Materials and methods

This study reports a new case of MOGAE following SARS-CoV-2 infection. A literature review of other MOGAE cases associated with COVID-19 infection was conducted and summarized.

Results

A 60-year-old male patient, who had previously been infected with COVID-19, was admitted to the Neurology Department with a rapidly progressive deterioration of his cognitive functions that lasted for about 3 months. On neurological examination, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was 17, which further deteriorated to 13. In addition, central paresis of the right VIIth nerve and pyramidal hemiparesis on the right side were noted. The MRI of the brain showed multiple hyperintense lesions. The CSF examination revealed an elevated total protein level with a normal cell count, and serum showed a positive finding of anti-MOG antibodies. Taking into account all the information, the diagnosis of MOGAE, following COVID-19 infection, was made. A total of 9 similar cases of MOGAE associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified in the available literature. Among them 2 cases presented progressive cognitive dysfunction and another 5 altered mental status. The most frequently described MRI changes were hyperintense lesions located cortically and/or subcortically. Anti-MOG antibodies were positive in all patients. In 5 cases they were detected only in serum, in 2 cases in serum and CSF, and in 2 cases the origin was not reported.

Conclusion

The reported cases of MOGAE following COVID-19 infection suggest an increasing new clinical problem, and show an association between COVID-19 and MOGADs.
Effects of early maternal separation on the expression levels of hippocampal and prefrontal cortex genes and pathways in lactating piglets
Authors: Zhou Sitong , Yang Yue , Cheng Zheng , Wu Mengyao , Han Qi , Zhao Wenzhong , Liu Honggui
Published: August 2023

Introduction

In actual production, due to increased litter size when raising pigs, the management of piglets by split-suckling leads to intermittent neonatal maternal separation (MS). Early lactation is a critical period for the cognitive development of the brain of newborn piglets, and we hypothesized that intermittent MS may affect piglets’ neurodevelopment and cognitive ability.

Methods

To determine the effects of the MS, we selected hippocampal and prefrontal cortex (PFC) tissues from piglets for the detection of neurodevelopmental or cognitive related indicators, the control group (Con group, n = 6) was established with no MS and an experimental group (MS group, n = 6) was established with MS for 6 h/day. Piglets in the MS group were milk-supplemented during the separation period and all piglets in both treatment groups were weaned at postnatal day (PND) 35. On PND 35, three male piglets from each group were sacrificed for hippocampus and PFC samples used for reference transcriptome sequencing. Following bioinformatics analysis, Gene ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and candidate gene screening and pathway were performed for differentially expressed genes.

Results

The results showed that a total of 1,632 differential genes were identified in the hippocampus of the MS group, including 1,077 up-regulated differential genes, 555 down-regulated differential genes, and 655 significant GO entries. Analysis of the PFC of the MS group revealed 349 up-regulated genes, 151 down-regulated differential genes, and 584 significant GO entries. Genes associated with neurodevelopment were screened for large fold differences in the hippocampus, and genes associated with cognition were screened for large fold differences in the PFC. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the sequencing data. Western blot (WB) experiments revealed that MS inhibited the neurodevelopment-related WNT signaling pathway in the hippocampus and the cognitive-related PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in the PFC.

Discussion

Taken together, these findings suggest that intermittent MS may affect some cognitive functions in piglets by damaging hippocampal and PFC genes or pathways.
Improved awareness of physical activities is associated with a gain of fitness and a stable body weight in breast cancer patients during the first year of antineoplastic therapy: the BEGYN-1 study
Authors: Zemlin Cosima , Schleicher Julia Theresa , Altmayer Laura , Stuhlert Caroline , Wörmann Carolin , Lang Marina , Scherer Laura-Sophie , Thul Ida Clara , Spenner Lisanne Sophie , Simon Jana Alisa , Wind Alina , Kaiser Elisabeth , Weber Regine , Goedicke-Fritz Sybelle , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Zemlin Michael , Steffgen Georges , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Müller Carolin
Published: August 2023

Background

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women. Reduced physical activity and overweight are associated with poor prognosis. Breast cancer patients have a high risk to gain weight, lose muscle mass and reduce physical activity during therapy. Concepts are urgently needed to motivate patients to engage in physical activity.

Methods

110 non-metastatic breast cancer patients were included in the prospective observational BEGYN-1 study. Physiological parameters and body composition were measured before the start of therapy and then quarterly for one year. Patients used a fitness tracker and documented their physical activity in a diary throughout the study.

Results

Although the patients were not offered any guided exercise, and despite the restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, they increased their physical activity (metabolic equivalent of task (MET) -minutes): p<0.001), physical fitness (decreasing resting heart rate: p=0.001) and did not gain weight (median - 0.4kg) over the course of the study.

Conclusion

Improved awareness of physical activity is associated with an increase in physical activity, fitness, and a stable weight during the first year of therapy in breast cancer patients. Counselling at diagnosis should motivate patients to engage in physical activity, wear a fitness tracker and document activities.
A new approach to overcoming resistance to immunotherapy: nanotechnology
Authors: Shao Jiangbo , Jin Ying , Jin Chunxiang
Published: August 2023

Immunotherapy for immune response has ushered in a new era of cancer treatment. In recent years, new immunotherapeutic agents have been introduced into clinical trials and even approved for marketing. However, the widespread use of immunotherapeutic agents faces an unavoidable challenge: immunotherapy does not work at all for some patients, or has good efficacy in the initial phase, but immunotherapy resistance develops within a short period of time, and immunotherapy can also cause serious adverse effects such as autoimmune inflammation and non-specific inflammation. How to enable patients to overcome drug resistance, reduce the toxic side effects of drugs, enhance patient compliance and improve patient survival has become a problem that clinicians have to face. The advent of nanotechnology provides an encouraging platform for immunotherapy. It can not only improve the bioavailability and stability of drugs and reduce toxic side effects, but also reduce resistance to immunotherapy. Here, we discuss these research advances and discuss potential challenges and future directions.
Case Report: Pelvic mass and massive ascites as the first symptom in cervical adenocarcinoma: report of two cases and literature review
Authors: Yuan Mingwei , Zhang Yan , Wang Kana , Xi Mingrong
Published: August 2023

Cervical adenocarcinoma accounts for 10%–25% of total cases of cervical carcinoma. But in recent years, the incidence of adenocarcinoma has risen both proportionally and absolutely. Clinically, most cervical adenocarcinoma show no symptom or present with abnormal uterine bleeding or vaginal discharge, similar to squamous cell carcinoma. What different about it is that cervical cytological testing demonstrates a high false-negative rate of cervical adenocarcinoma, potentially leading to the failure in detecting in early stage. This report presents two cases both with pelvic masses, and massive ascites served as the initial symptom, which is similar to the clinical symptom of ovarian cancer, but ultimately diagnosed with cervical adenocarcinoma through surgical specimens. There are few literature reports on this situation. Hence, a literature review also has been performed to improve the recognition for cervical adenocarcinoma presenting with pelvic masses and massive ascites, and to avoid misdiagnosis.
Understanding chronic pain in the ubiquitous community: the role of open data
Authors: Monaco Federico , Georgiadis Emmanouil , Chatsiou Kakia , Bonacaro Antonio
Published: August 2023

The combined use of social media, open data, and Artificial Intelligence has the potential to support practitioners and empower patients/citizens living with persistent pain, both as local and online communities. Given the wide availability of digital technology today, both practitioners and interested individuals can be connected with virtual communities and can support each other from the comfort of their homes. Digital means may represent new avenues for exploring the complexity of the pain experience. Online interactions of patients, data on effective treatments, and data collected by wearable devices may represent an incredible source of psychological, sociological, and physiological pain-related information. Digital means might provide several solutions that enhance inclusiveness and motivate patients to share personal experiences, limiting the sense of isolation in both rural and metropolitan areas. Building on the consensus of the usefulness of social media in enhancing the understanding of persistent pain and related subjective experiences via online communities and networks, we provide relevant scenarios where the effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare delivery might be improved by the adoption of the digital technologies mentioned above and repeated subsequently. The aim of this perspective paper is to explore the potential of open data, social media, and Artificial Intelligence in improving the prevention and management of persistent pain by adopting innovative non-biomedical approaches.
Lycopene supplementation: effects on oxidative stress, sex hormones, gonads and thyroid tissue in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus during Harness® exposure
Authors: Ismail Rania F. , Hamed Mohamed , Sayed Alaa El-Din H.
Published: August 2023

Harness® is a commercial herbicide that contains acetochlor at a concentration of 84% as an active ingredient. Ubiquitous, persistent, and substantial uses of Harness® in agricultural processes have resulted in the pollution of nearby water sources, posing a threat to various aquatic biotas, including fish. The effects of Harness® toxicity on fish health are little known. So, this study aimed to describe the impact of herbicide Harness® on the oxidative stress and reproductive and thyroid performance of male and female tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and also investigate the prospective role of the natural antioxidant lycopene supplementation in dismissing the adverse properties of Harness®. Antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity) and hormone measurements (T, E2, T3, and T4) were carried out, and gonadal and thyroid follicle histological sections were examined as a method to investigate the effects of Harness® toxicity on fish. Male and female tilapia were exposed to 10 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L of Harness® and treated with 10 mg lycopene/kg for 15 days of exposure. Our results demonstrated that the antioxidant enzyme activity was altered by Harness exposure and serum T for both males and females dropped; also, female E2 levels decreased, but male E2 increased. Exposure to higher dose of Harness® induced elevation in both T3 and T4 levels, although the low exposure dose stimulated T4 levels. Harness® exposure prompted histological variations and degenerative changes in testicular, ovarian, and thyroid follicle tissues. Lycopene supplement administration diminished oxidative stress induced by Harness®, alleviating its endocrine disparaging effects by neutralizing T3, T4, T, and E2 and ameliorating the histological structure of gonadal and thyroid tissues. In conclusion, lycopene supplementation was preformed to normalize the alterations and oxidative damage caused by Harness® in Nile tilapia, suggesting that lycopene-supplemented diet functioned as potent antioxidants and had the ability to alleviate oxidative stress and thyroid and reproductive toxicity caused by herbicide Harness®. Moreover, it is crucial to take appropriate care when consuming herbicides to defend the aquatic environment.
Genomic analysis of a new heterotic maize group reveals key loci for pedigree breeding
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Li Chunhui , Zhang Ruyang , Duan Minxiao , Tian Hongli , Yi Hongmei , Xu Liwen , Wang Fengge , Shi Zi , Wang Xiaqing , Wang Jidong , Su Aiguo , Wang Shuai , Sun Xuan , Zhao Yanxin , Wang Shuaishuai , Zhang Yunxia , Wang Yuandong , Song Wei , Zhao Jiuran
Published: August 2023

Genome-wide analyses of maize populations have clarified the genetic basis of crop domestication and improvement. However, limited information is available on how breeding improvement reshaped the genome in the process of the formation of heterotic groups. In this study, we identified a new heterotic group (X group) based on an examination of 512 Chinese maize inbred lines. The X group was clearly distinct from the other non-H&L groups, implying that X × HIL is a new heterotic pattern. We selected the core inbred lines for an analysis of yield-related traits. Almost all yield-related traits were better in the X lines than those in the parental lines, indicating that the primary genetic improvement in the X group during breeding was yield-related traits. We generated whole-genome sequences of these lines with an average coverage of 17.35× to explore genome changes further. We analyzed the identity-by-descent (IBD) segments transferred from the two parents to the X lines and identified 29 and 28 IBD conserved regions (ICRs) from the parents PH4CV and PH6WC, respectively, accounting for 28.8% and 12.8% of the genome. We also identified 103, 89, and 131 selective sweeps (SSWs) using methods that involved the π, Tajima’s D, and CLR values, respectively. Notably, 96.13% of the ICRs co-localized with SSWs, indicating that SSW signals concentrated in ICRs. We identified 171 annotated genes associated with yield-related traits in maize both in ICRs and SSWs. To identify the genetic factors associated with yield improvement, we conducted QTL mapping for 240 lines from a DH population (PH4CV × PH6WC, which are the parents of X1132X) for ten key yield-related traits and identified a total of 55 QTLs. Furthermore, we detected three QTL clusters both in ICRs and SSWs. Based on the genetic evidence, we finally identified three key genes contributing to yield improvement in breeding the X group. These findings reveal key loci and genes targeted during pedigree breeding and provide new insights for future genomic breeding.
Analysis of the spatial distribution of the serve and the type of serve-return in elite table tennis. Sex differences
Authors: Pradas Francisco , Toro-Román Víctor , Castellar Carlos , Carrasco Luis
Published: August 2023

Serve and return of the serve are among the most critical technical-tactical factors influencing performance in table tennis (TT). The present study aimed to analyse sex differences in the spatial distribution of serve and serve-return in elite TT players. A total of 48 elite TT players (men: n = 24; women: n = 24) participated in the investigation. A total of 24 matches were recorded and examined, analysing 1,177 plays and 5,319 strokes in the men’s competition and 950 games and 5,097 strokes in the women’s competition. Technical actions were analysed using an observation tool validated by two expert TT coach with a high level of agreement (K > 0.80). Men distributed their serves over zones 1 and 2 of the table, while women more frequently selected zone 5 (p < 0.05). In men, 30.1% of the serves were near the net, 63.6% in the middle zone of the table and 6.2% in the end zone of the table, while in women, these values were 10.9%, 67.2%, and 21.8%, respectively. As for the technique of the serve-return depending on the zone of the service, in men the action of the cut from zone 1 and 2 predominated, while in women this technique was more frequent from zone 5 (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the serve-return with the flip technique in zone 1, 3 and 4 was more frequent in men (p < 0.05). As for the return of the serve with the topspin technique, there were differences in zone 3, being more frequent in men (p < 0.05). Finally, the serve return with cut and defensive serve-return techniques in zones 3, 4, 5, and 6 were more frequent in women (p < 0.05). There are differences between sexes in service and return of serve actions during a match in elite players.
Evaluation of the mental health status of community frontline medical workers after the normalized management of COVID-19 in Sichuan, China
Authors: Xu Xiaoru , Zhang Jianshu , Fang Ronghua , Liu Hong , Zhou Weihua , She Yi , Liu Feng , Hong Xia , Deng Xuexue
Published: August 2023

Background

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, community medical workers, as the primary enforcers of community control measures, undertook many tasks with high exposure risk, resulting in severe psychological pressure, anxiety, depression and other psychological problems. Gender, type of workers, education, marital status, working years and other demographic factors were affect the mental state of medical workers. Community frontline medical workers gradually returned to normal work and life after the normalized management of COVID-19, but heavy work and high psychological pressure may continue to affect them. Thus, our research team used the same psychological questionnaire to investigate the psychological status of community frontline medical workers after the normalized management of COVID-19 compared with the COVID-19 period.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study of community frontline medical workers in Sichuan, China, from February 6 to 17, 2023. Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and a self-designed questionnaire of demographic characteristics were provided to the participants point-to-point through a mobile network platform. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze influencing factors related to community frontline medical workers’ psychology.

Results

A total of 440 valid questionnaires were statistically analyzed, including 192 (43.64%) from doctors and 248 (56.36%) from nurses. There were 222 (50.45%) participants who were SCL-90 positive. The median total SCL-90 score of medical workers was 105.0 (IQR 95.00–123.75), which was higher than that during the COVID-19 period. The doctor’s median SCL-90 score was 108.5 (IQR 96.00–136.25), and the positive item score was 16.5; the nurse’s median score was 104.0 (IQR 94.00–119.50), and the positive item score was 12.0. Bachelor’s degree education, no fixed contract and working years (10–19 years, 20–29 years, 30–39 years) were independent influencing factors for community frontline medical workers’ psychology.

Conclusion

After the normalized management of COVID-19, community frontline medical workers still suffered from psychological problems that were even more serious than those during COVID-19. Doctors were more likely to have psychological problems than nurses. In addition, the mental health status of community frontline medical workers was affected by education, type of contract and working years. Managers should pay attention to the mental health of these people.
Deep brain stimulation for substance use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shaheen Nour , Shaheen Ahmed , Sarica Can , Singh Arun , Zanaty Mario , Johari Karim , Yang Andrew , Zesiewicz Theresa , Dalm Brian , Bezchlibnyk Yarema , Lozano Andres M. , Flouty Oliver
Published: August 2023

Objective

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a significant public health issue with a high mortality rate. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown promising results in treating SUD in certain cases. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of DBS in the treatment of SUD and reduction of relapse rates.

Methods

We performed a thorough and methodical search of the existing scientific literature, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, to identify 16 original studies that fulfilled our inclusion criteria. We used the evidence levels recommended by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine to assess bias. The R version 4.2.3 software was utilized to calculate the mean effect size. We estimated study heterogeneity by employing tau2 and I2 indices and conducting Cochran’s Q test.

Results

The results showed that DBS treatment resulted in a significant improvement in the clinical SUD scales of patients, with an average improvement of 59.6%. The observed relapse rate was 8%. The meta-analysis estimated a mean effect size of 55.9 [40.4; 71.4]. Heterogeneity analysis showed a large degree of heterogeneity among the included studies. Subgroup and meta-regression analysis based on age and SUD type suggested that DBS may be more effective for patients above 45 years of age, and for alcohol and opioid addiction compared to nicotine addiction.

Conclusion

The current literature suggests that DBS has a moderate effect on SUD symptoms. However, the limited number of studies and small sample size indicate that more research is needed to better understand the factors that influence its effectiveness.
Suicide deaths and substance use in the Galician provinces between 2006 and 2020
Authors: Flórez Gerardo , Espandian Ashkan , Llorens Noelia , Seoane-Pillado Teresa , Saiz Pilar
Published: August 2023

Background

Suicide is a serious public health problem that affects our entire country, including the Galician provinces. The aim of this research was to study the variation in completed suicide rates, between 2006 and 2020, in the different Galician provinces and their relationship with the consumption of addictive substances.

Methods

Completed suicide data from the Spanish Office for National Statistics and the Institute of Legal Medicine of Galicia were analyzed with a Joinpoint regression model to determine time trends. The relationship between the variation in completed suicide rates with sociodemographic variables obtained from the Spanish Office for National Statistics and variables related to the consumption of substances obtained from the survey on alcohol and other drugs in Spain (EDADES) of the Government Delegation for the National Plan on Drugs was also analyzed.

Results

The Joinpoint regression model did not reveal any point of significant change in the period studied for any Galician province. The following variables correlated positively with the variation in completed suicide rates in the Galician provinces: masculinity ratio, average age, daily alcohol consumption and daily illegal substance consumption.

Conclusion

Applying preventive strategies on the daily consumption of alcohol and illegal substances would help reduce the rates of completed suicide in the Galician provinces.
Are Black and Latino adolescents being asked if they use electronic cigarettes and advised not to use them? Results from a community-based survey
Authors: Connolly Margaret , Croft Daniel , Ramírez-Palacios Paula , Cai Xueya , Hill Beverly , Orfin Rafael H. , Rivera M. Patricia , Wilson Karen M. , Li Dongmei , McIntosh Scott , Ossip Deborah J. , Cupertino Ana Paula , Cartujano-Barrera Francisco
Published: August 2023

Objective

This study aimed to explore whether African American/Black and Hispanic/Latino adolescents are being asked about electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use (vaping) and advised not to use them.

Methods

In 2021, adolescents (N = 362) with no vaping history, self-identified as African American/Black and/or Hispanic/Latino, and able to read and speak English and/or Spanish were recruited through partner schools and community-based organizations. Participants completed a survey reporting sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., race/ethnicity, gender, and language of preference) and they were asked about e-cigarette use and/or were advised not to use them by a health professional.

Results

In total, 12% of African American/Black and 5% of Hispanic/Latino participants reported not seeing a health professional in the year prior to enrollment. Of the participants who reported visiting a health professional, 50.8% reported being asked and advised about vaping. Over one-quarter (28.4%) of participants were neither asked nor advised regarding vaping. Compared to English-speaking participants, Spanish-speaking participants were significantly less likely to be asked about e-cigarette use (45.2 vs. 63.9%, p = 0.009) and advised not to use them (40.3 vs. 66.9%, p < 0.001). Moreover, compared to African American/Black participants, Hispanic/Latino participants were significantly less likely to be advised not to use e-cigarettes (52.9 vs. 68.6%, p = 0.018). Furthermore, compared to male participants, female participants were significantly less likely to be advised not to use e-cigarettes (51.3 vs. 68.2%, p = 0.003).

Conclusion

Compared to English-speaking participants, Spanish-speaking participants were significantly less likely to self-report being asked about e-cigarette use and advised not to use them. Moreover, Hispanic/Latino and female adolescents were significantly less likely to self-report being advised not to use e-cigarettes compared to their Black/African American and male counterparts. Future research is needed to improve health professional attention toward asking about and advising against vaping among adolescents.
Locomotion characteristics of a wheeled vibration-driven robot with an enhanced pantograph-type suspension
Authors: Korendiy Vitaliy , Kachur Oleksandr
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The paper considers the improved design of the wheeled vibration-driven robot equipped with an inertial exciter (unbalanced rotor) and enhanced pantograph-type suspension. The primary purpose and objectives of the study are focused on mathematical modeling, computer simulation, and experimental testing of locomotion conditions of the novel robot prototype. The primary scientific novelty of the present research consists in substantiating the possibilities of implementing the enhanced pantograph-type suspension in order to improve the robot’s kinematic characteristics, particularly the average translational speed.

Methods: The simplified dynamic diagram of the robot’s oscillatory system is developed, and the mathematical model describing its locomotion conditions is derived using the Euler-Lagrange differential equations. The numerical modeling is carried out in the Mathematica software with the help of the Runge-Kutta methods. Computer simulation of the robot motion is performed in the SolidWorks Motion software using the variable step integration method (Gear’s method). The experimental investigations of the robot prototype operating conditions are conducted at the Vibroengineering Laboratory of Lviv Polytechnic National University using the WitMotion accelerometers and software. The experimental data is processed in the MathCad software.

Results and discussion: The obtained results show the time dependencies of the robot body’s basic kinematic parameters (accelerations, velocities, displacements) under different operating conditions, particularly the angular frequencies of the unbalanced rotor. The numerical modeling, computer simulation, and experimental investigations present almost similar results: the smallest horizontal speed of about 1 mm/s is observed at the supplied voltage of 3.47 V when the forced frequency is equal to 500 rpm; the largest locomotion speed is approximately 40 mm/s at the supplied voltage of 10 V and forced frequency of 1,500 rpm. The paper may be interesting for designers and researchers of similar vibration-driven robotic systems based on wheeled chassis, and the results may be used while implementing the experimental and industrial prototypes of vibration-driven robots for various purposes, particularly, for inspecting and cleaning the pipelines. Further investigation on the subject of the paper should be focused on analyzing the relations between the power consumption, average translational speed, and working efficiency of the considerer robot under various operating conditions.
Validation of skinfold equations and alternative methods for the determination of fat-free mass in young athletes
Authors: Jagim Andrew R. , Tinsley Grant M. , Merfeld Brandon R. , Ambrosius Abby , Khurelbaatar Chinguun , Dodge Christopher , Carpenter Makenna , Luedke Joel , Erickson Jacob L. , Fields Jennifer B. , Jones Margaret T.
Published: August 2023

Intoduction

To cross-validate skinfold (SKF) equations, impedance devices, and air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) for the determination of fat-free mass (FFM).

Methods

Male and female youth athletes were evaluated (n = 91[mean ± SD] age: 18.19 ± 2.37 year; height: 172.1 ± 9.8 cm; body mass: 68.9 ± 14.5 kg; BMI: 23.15 ± 3.2 kg m−2; body fat: 19.59 ± 6.9%) using underwater weighing (UWW), ADP, and SKF assessments. A 3-compartment (3C) model (i.e., UWW and total body water) served as the criterion, and alternate body density (Db) estimates from ADP and multiple SKF equations were obtained. Validity metrics were examined to establish each method's performance. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), and the SKF equations of Devrim-Lanpir, Durnin and Womersley, Jackson and Pollock (7-site), Katch, Loftin, Lohman, Slaughter, and Thorland differed from criterion.

Results

For females, Pearson's correlations between the 3C model and alternate methods ranged from 0.51 to 0.92, the Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) ranged from 0.41 to 0.89, with standard error of the estimate (SEE) ranges of 1.9–4.6 kg. For SKF, the Evans 7-site and J&P 3 Site equations performed best with CCC and SEE values of 0.82, 2.01 kg and 0.78, 2.21 kg, respectively. For males, Pearson's correlations between the 3C model and alternate methods ranged from 0.50 to 0.95, CCC ranges of 0.46–0.94, and SEE ranges of 3.3–7.6 kg. For SKF, the Evans 3-site equation performed best with a mean difference of 1.8 (3.56) kg and a CCC of 0.93.

Discussion

The Evans 7-site and 3-site SKF equations performed best for female and male athletes, respectively. The field 3C model can provide an alternative measure of FFM when necessary.
Preoperative tumor marking with indocyanine green (ICG) prior to minimally invasive colorectal cancer: a systematic review of current literature
Authors: Konstantinidis Michael K. , Ioannidis Argyrios , Vassiliu Panteleimon , Arkadopoulos Nikolaos , Papanikolaou Ioannis S. , Stavridis Konstantinos , Gallo Gaetano , Karagiannis Dimitrios , Chand Manish , Wexner Steven D. , Konstantinidis Konstantinos
Published: August 2023

Aim

To describe the currently available evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of preoperative tumor marking using indocyanine green (ICG) prior to laparoscopic or robotic colorectal resections.

Methods

A systematic search for relevant studies was conducted using the following databases: Embase (OVID), MEDLINE® (OVID), APA PsycInfo (OVID), Global Health (OVID) and HMIC Health Management Information Consortium (OVID) through June 2022 reported according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Primary outcome was the detection rate of the tumor sites preoperatively marked with ICG. Secondary outcomes were timing of ICG injection in days prior to the operation and technique-related complications.

Results

Eight single center studies, published between 2008 and 2022, were identified yielding a total of 1,061 patients, of whom 696 were preoperatively tattooed with ICG. Injection dosage of diluted ICG ranged from 0.1–1.5 ml. Four studies used the saline test injection method prior to ICG injection. When the marking was placed within one week, the visualization rate was 650/668 (97%), whereas when it was longer than one week, the detection rate was 8/56 (14%). No severe complications were reported.

Conclusion

Preoperative tumor marking using ICG prior to minimally invasive colorectal resections is safe and effective, allowing intraoperative tumor site location when performed up to a week prior to surgery without disturbing the surgical view in potential mild complications.
Inequities in Organ Donation and Transplantation Among Immigrant Populations in Italy: A Narrative Review of Evidence, Gaps in Research and Potential Areas for Intervention
Authors: Grossi Alessandra Agnese , Puoti Francesca , Masiero Lucia , Troni Alessia , Cianchi Tiziana , Maggiore Umberto , Cardillo Massimo
Published: August 2023

Immigrants from outside Europe have increased over the past two decades, especially in Southern European countries including Italy. This influx coincided with an increased number of immigrants with end-stage organ diseases. In this narrative review, we reviewed evidence of the gaps between native-born and immigrant populations in the Organ Donation and Transplantation (ODT) process in Italy. Consistent with prior studies, despite the availability of a publicly funded health system with universal healthcare coverage, non-European-born individuals living in Italy are less likely to receive living donor kidney transplantation and more likely to have inferior long-term kidney graft function compared with EU-born and Eastern European-born individuals. While these patients are increasingly represented among transplant recipients (especially kidney and liver transplants), refusal rates for organ donation are higher in some ethnic groups compared with native-born and other foreign-born referents, with the potential downstream effects of prolonged waiting times and inferior transplant outcomes. In the process, we identified gaps in relevant research and biases in existing studies. Given the Italian National Transplant Center’s (CNT) commitment to fighting inequities in ODT, we illustrated actions taken by CNT to tackle inequities in ODT among immigrant communities in Italy.
A Tangent Release Manipulation Controlled by a Dual-Arm Space Robot
Authors: Wang Xiaoyi , Katupitiya Jayantha
Published: August 2023

As people further develop space with advanced technology, space robots have played a significant role in on-orbit servicing missions. Space robots can carry out more risky and complicated missions with less cost than astronauts. Dual-arm space robots can perform complex on-orbit space missions more effectively than single-arm space robots. Since the coupled dynamics between the free-floating base and the arms exist in space robots, accurate coordinate control of the base and the arms is essential. Spacecraft release missions have been proposed to berth/deberth a spacecraft to a space station. Based on the existing release missions, a tangent release strategy is introduced in this paper, which can release a space object in the tangent direction of the final link of a space manipulator. This strategy can control a dual-arm space robot to deploy cargo/spacecraft in variable directions in 3D space without thrusters and the associated fuel consumption. For instance, this tangent release operation can transport cargo or modules of large-scale spacecraft needing on-orbit assembly. Considering model uncertainties, robust controllers again model uncertainties that are used to control the dual-arm space robot with high accuracy. Hence, a robust sliding mode controller (SMC) is utilized to accurately control the space robot to carry out the proposed tangent release strategy. For comparison, we select a conventional computed torque control (CTC) implemented by a PD-type controller. In the simulations, the SMC performs better in tracking accuracy and robustness against the model uncertainties than the PD controller. Numerical simulations indicate the feasibility and effectiveness of the tangent release manipulation of a space object by a dual-arm space robot.
Growth Performance of Photoperiod-Sensitive Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties in Different Soil Types under Rainfed Condition in Cambodia
Authors: Uch Chanthol , Roeurn Siranet , Ro Sophoanrith , Kano-Nakata Mana , Yamauchi Akira , Ehara Hiroshi
Published: August 2023

In Cambodia, rice is predominantly produced in areas with rainfed lowland conditions where photoperiod-sensitive varieties are cultivated. A number of varieties have been released for rainfed lowland areas, and the rice grain yield has reportedly increased by approximately 12% over the past ten years. Moreover, great fluctuations in yield performance have been observed across different soil types of the rainfed ecosystems of Cambodia. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the grain yield and stability among ten popular varieties that were released for rainfed lowland ecosystems across the four different soil types in Cambodia in two years. The grain yield varied 566 g m−2 as the highest in clay soil and about 220 g m−2 as the lowest in sandy soil. A combined ANOVA revealed significant differences for the main effect of genotype, environment, and genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) for all yield-related traits and grain yield per square meter. The principal component test results showed that the heterogeneity of grain yield was mainly attributable to the effect of environment, followed by the effect of genotype. In fertile conditions, a higher percentage of filled grains was supported by higher leaf N until the late stage with a wider flag leaf. In conditions of moderate fertility, larger numbers of panicles were supported by a higher percentage of productive culms with higher leaf N until the late stage. In conditions of poor fertility, a higher percentage of filled grains was supported by higher leaf N until the late stage, which is considered to be important for higher grain yield. The variety Phka Rumduol showed these preferable traits and produced higher yields in fertile to poor natural soil fertility conditions with moderate variation. This variety is considered to be more desirable and ideal due to its stability and higher grain yield. The other varieties, namely, Phka Mealdei, Phka Rumdeng, and CAR4, were identified as above-average yielders. Therefore, those varieties potentially may be recommended for cultivation in rainfed lowland rice ecosystems in Cambodia due to their high yields. CAR4 showed moderate variation at the same level as Phka Rumduol. From the point of stability, Phka Rumduol and CAR4 can be expected to excel.
Serotypes, Pathotypes, Shiga Toxin Variants and Antimicrobial Resistance in Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Rectal Swabs and Sheep Carcasses in an Abattoir in Mexico
Authors: Enriquez-Gómez Edgar , Acosta-Dibarrat Jorge , Talavera-Rojas Martín , Soriano-Vargas Edgardo , Navarro Armando , Morales-Espinosa Rosario , Velázquez-Ordoñez Valente , Cal-Pereyra Luis
Published: August 2023

Sheep represent one of the main reservoirs of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli; this microorganism is an etiological agent of food-borne diseases; therefore, this work aimed to identify and characterize the principal pathotypes of diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) obtained through rectal swabs and carcasses samples from sheep slaughtered in an abattoir at the central region of Mexico. The isolates were subjected to bacteriological identification, serotyping; phylogenetic classification; detection for virulence factors, and antimicrobial sensibility. A total of 90 E. coli isolates were obtained. It was observed through 49 E. coli isolates (54%), 8 of them from carcasses, and 43 from feces was DEC. DEC serotypes with health public relevance were found: O76:H19 (n = 5), O146:H21 (n = 3), O91:H10 (n = 1), O6:NM (n = 1), and O8:NM (n = 1). Regarding the presence of Shiga toxin-producing E.coli (STEC), 43/90 (47.7%) isolates have the stx1 w/o stx2 genes, and therefore were assigned as STEC non-O157; only one isolate expressed stx1 and eae genes and was classified as t-STEC (typical STEC). Additionally, 3/90 (3.3%) harbored only the eae gene and were classified as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), the stp gene was found in 2/90 isolates (2.2%) and were classified as enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC); 1/90 (1.1%) isolates harboring the ipaH were classified as enteroinvasive E. coli EIEC. Regarding stx1 genes subtypes, stx1c only was found in 60.5% (26/43), followed by stx1a-stx1c 20.9% (9/43) and stx1a-stx1d 2.3% (1/43). The presence of both, stx1 and stx2 genes was found in 7/43 isolates (16.3%) from rectal swabs; the combination stx1c-stx2g was detected in 3/43 isolates (6.9%), while 4 (9.4%) isolates showed different patterns (stx1a-stx1c-stx2g; stx1c-stx2b-stx2g; stx1c-stx2b and stx1a-stx1c-stx2b-stx2g). STEC isolates showed the major diversity of phylogenetic groups, although phylogroup B1 was predominant in 90.6% (39/43) while there was only one isolate (2.3%) in each remaining phylogroup (A, B2, C, and F). All EPEC, ETEC, and EIEC isolates were clustered in phylogroup B1. We observed that 27.9% (12/43) of STEC isolates carried at least one antibiotic resistance: nine isolates expressed the tetB gene, one isolate the tetA gene, two isolates the sul2 gene, one isolate the sul1 and one isolate the sul1-tetB genes. These results highlight the importance of diarrheagenic E. coli as a potential risk for public health during the slaughtering process.
The Effects of Brewer’s Spent Yeast (BSY) Inclusion in Dairy Sheep’s Diets on Ruminal Fermentation and Milk Quality Parameters
Authors: Oancea Alexandra-Gabriela , Dragomir Catalin , Untea Arabela , Saracila Mihaela , Turcu Raluca , Cismileanu Ana , Boldea Ioana , Radu Gabriel Lucian
Published: August 2023

Brewer’s spent yeast (BSY) is a byproduct of the beer industry, rich in proteins and bioactive compounds. The effects of BSY were investigated through a 6-week feeding trial on 30 lactating dairy Blackhead sheep (54.7 ± 5.66 kg, 177.34 days in milk) distributed under a completely randomised design in two groups: a control group (with soybean meal and sunflower meal as protein sources), and a BSY group, where soybean meal was totally replaced by BSY (5.4% inclusion, DM basis). The inclusion of BSY led to a 25% decrease in ruminal propionate and in the acetate/propionate ratio. BSY influenced the milk fatty acid profile by significantly decreasing the omega 6: omega 3 ratio and increasing the contents of caproic, capric, and lauric acids. Also, the inclusion of BSY was associated with an increase in the milk’s total polyphenols. Consistently, determinations of the parameters of the milk fat’s oxidative stability revealed a decrease in conjugated diene contents. Moreover, the mineral contents of milk were influenced, with an increase in Ca content noted. Overall, these results indicate that BSY represents an alternative feedstuff for ruminants’ nutrition, which could have the potential to induce changes in ruminal fermentation and milk composition that are beneficial for consumers.