bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASIA: An automated stress‐inducible adaptor for enhanced stress protein expression in engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Hsiang Chuan‐Chieh , Ng I‐Son
Published: March 2024

Orthogonal T7 RNA polymerase (T7RNAP) and T7 promoter is a potent technique for protein expression in broad cells, but the energy requirements associated with this method impede the growth, leading to cell lysis when dealing with toxic and stress proteins. A Lemo21(DE3) strain denoted as L21 offers a solution by fine‐tuning T7RNAP levels under rhamnose to induce T7 lysozyme (LysY) and enhance the protein production, but it requires optimization of inducer concentration, cultural temperature, and condition, even the types of carbon sources. Herein, we construct an automated stress‐inducible adaptor (ASIA) employing different stress‐inducible promoters from Escherichia coli. The ASIA system is designed to automatically regulate LysY expression in response to stress signals, thereby suppressing T7RNAP and amplifying the overexpression of stress protein cutinase ICCM. This approach fine‐tunes T7RNAP levels and outperforms L21 in various temperatures and carbon source conditions. The ASIAhtp strain maintains ICCM yield at 91.6 mg/g‐DCW even in the limiting carbon source at 1 g/L, which is 12‐fold higher in protein productivity compared to using L21. ASIA as a versatile and robust tool for enhancing overexpression of stress proteins in E. coli is expected to address more difficult proteins in the future.
Histologic wound healing in studies using different ridge preservation protocols: A review
Authors: Mealey Brian L. , Keeling Francis , Palaiologou A. Archontia
Published: March 2024

Background

Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) procedures are designed to lessen dimensional changes in the alveolar ridge after tooth extraction. Wound healing after ridge preservation involves the formation of new vital bone in the former socket, and this vital bone is important in the osseointegration of dental implants.

Methods

A series of ARP studies have been performed to help clinicians better understand the wound‐healing events that occur following tooth extraction and ridge preservation. Different protocols have been examined using various materials and periods of healing time prior to implant placement. The primary aim of these studies was to ascertain the relative percentage of vital bone formation, residual graft material, and connective tissue (CT)/other at the healing site using histomorphometric examination of bone core biopsies obtained during osteotomy preparation.

Results

For allografts, the use of demineralized bone alone or in combination with mineralized is associated with more vital bone formation than the use of mineralized allograft alone. For mineralized allografts, the use of cortical versus cancellous bone has only minimal impact on new bone formation. Xenografts from bovine and porcine sources appear to have similar vital bone formation. Longer healing times prior to implant placement are associated with increased vital bone formation and decreased residual graft material. The most stable component in most studies is the percentage of CT/other.

Conclusions

The percentage of vital bone and residual graft at ARP sites is dependent on the materials used and the length of healing time prior to obtaining core biopsies.

Key Points

What factors may affect the amount of new bone at the ARP site?

At a time point about 4 months after ARP, the type of graft material used for ARP plays a large role in new bone formation.

Studies focus on means and standard deviations, but patients often do not “follow the mean.” Even if a single ARP protocol is used for all patients, there is great interindividual variability in new bone formation, and there is often variability between sites within a single patient.

How long after ARP with an allograft should I wait to place an implant?

Longer healing times such as 4‐5 months generally provide higher amounts of vital bone formation than shorter healing times like 2‐3 months.

Differences in vital bone formation between ARP protocols tend to decrease with longer healing time.

FDBA that contains demineralized bone, either alone or combined with mineralized FDBA, often provides higher amounts of new bone formation than 100% mineralized allograft, especially at shorter healing periods.

Even a year after ARP with an allograft, residual graft material is often still present at the ARP site.
Ultrasound‐guided deployment of ProGlide™ device in transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation and risk reduction of vascular complications: A propensity‐matched cohort study
Authors: Ross Daniel S. , Nogic Jason , Cong Hey , Nuzzi Vincenzo , Thanikachalam Prakash , Veenuraju Shree , Gruner‐Hegge Nicolai , Anwar Majid , O'Sullivan Michael , Costopoulos Charis , Davies Willaim R , Costanzo Pierluigi
Published: March 2024

Background

ProGlide is a percutaneous suture‐mediated closure device used in arterial and venous closure following percutaneous intervention. Risk of vascular complications from use, particularly related to failure in hemostasis, or acute vessel closure, remains significant and often related to improper suture deployment. We describe a technique of ultrasound‐guided ProGlide deployment in transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TF‐TAVI).

Aims

The aim of this study is to assess vascular outcomes for ultrasound‐guided deployment of ProGlide vascular closure devices in patients undergoing TF‐TAVI.

Methods

We collected relevant clinical data of patients undergoing TAVI in a large volume centre. Primary outcome: main access Valve Academic Research Consortium 3 (VARC‐3) major vascular complication. Secondary outcome: any major/minor VARC‐3 vascular complication, its type (bleed or ischemia), and treatment required (medical, percutaneous, or surgical). We performed inverse weighting propensity score analysis to compare the population undergoing ultrasound‐guided versus conventional ProGlide deployment for main TAVI access. Ultrasound technique for ProGlide insertion was performed as described below.

Results

Five hundred and seventeen patients undergoing TF‐TAVI were included.

Primary outcome: In 126 (ultrasound‐guided) and 391 (conventional ProGlide insertion), 0% versus 1.8% (p < 0.001) had a major VARC‐3 vascular complication, respectively.

Secondary outcome: 0.8% (one minor VARC‐3 bleed) vs 4.1% (13 bleeds and three occlusions) had any VARC‐3 vascular complication (major and minor) (p < 0.001). Surgical treatment of vascular complication was required in 0.8% versus 1.3% (p = NS).

Conclusions

Ultrasound‐guided deployment of ProGlide for vascular closure reduced the risk of major vascular complications in a large population undergoing TAVI.
Rapidly growing distal choroidal artery aneurysm re‐rupture following revascularization for hemorrhagic Moyamoya disease: A case report
Authors: Yoon Jeong Taek , Lee Kyung Mi , Ryu Jiwook , Park Ju In
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Intracranial hemorrhage is the leading cause of neurological deficits and poor prognosis in adult patients with Moyamoya disease (MMD). Intracranial hemorrhage is occasionally accompanied by MMD‐associated aneurysm and requires additional treatment. To date, direct or indirect bypass surgery or endovascular treatment, such as coil embolization, has been adopted and has achieved successful outcomes. The rapid growth of MMD‐associated aneurysms and rebleeding after direct bypass surgery via superficial temporal artery‐middle cerebral artery (STA‐MCA) anastomosis has rarely been reported. We report a case of a rapidly growing fragile arterial pseudoaneurysm in a patient with MMD. A 45‐year‐old female was admitted with a headache and decreased mental status. Radiological evaluation, including distal subtraction angiography, revealed intraventricular hemorrhage with a left posterior choroidal artery pseudoaneurysm. Within 4 days after revascularization surgery via STA‐MCA direct bypass, the size of the pseudoaneurysm rapidly increased and rebleeding occurred, requiring coil embolization. After endovascular therapy and a second STA‐MCA bypass surgery, the patient recovered well and was discharged 8 days later. Follow‐up radiological imaging revealed an obliterated pseudoaneurysm without rebleeding or complications. In this case, the rapid growth of an MMD‐associated pseudoaneurysm was observed after revascularization surgery because of temporary hemodynamic instability. This report raises questions regarding the causes and management of unstable postbypass hemodynamics.
Pigmented purpuric dermatosis (Majocchi type) in a patient with vitiligo
Authors: Chaisrimaneepan Nattanicha , Manupeerapun Hataitip , Khoruamklang Thunyaporn
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Pigmented purpuric dermatosis is diagnosed clinically and does not require skin biopsy. However, in cases where rashes mimic cutaneous vasculitis, skin biopsies should be done to confirm the diagnosis, especially in patients who have underlying autoimmune disease.
Catalyst‐Green Solvent System for Highly Efficient Production of Carboxylic Acids from Light Oxygenates, CO2 and H2
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Zhang Yanru , Wang Ying , Zhang Longbo , He Jun , Yu Chenglong , Li Yang , Zhang Pei , Ma Jun , Sun Xiaofu , Kang Xinchen , Zhen Yuan , Qian Qingli , Han Buxing
Published: March 2024

Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2) for the preparation of higher carboxylic acids is attractive and promising. Herein, we demonstrate a general strategy for producing higher carboxylic acids via reaction of CO2 and H2 with light (C2~C4) oxygenates such as ketones, alcohols, polyols, ethers and epoxides. In a green solvent consisting of ionic liquid (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium iodide) and water, the reaction can be efficiently accelerated by RhI3 catalyst and I2 promoter at 170 °C. Very high or remarkable yields of higher carboxylic acids were synthesized via C−C bond formation between the intermediates generated from the oxygenates and CO2. Detailed study indicated that the catalyst and the solvent had excellent synergistic effect for promoting the reaction. The strategy can effectively convert the bulk and inexpensive feedstocks to value‐added carboxylic acids, and therefore is promising for commercial application.
The Construction of Helical Carbon‐Based Skeletons for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performance
Authors: Yao Huijuan , Zhang Hang , Zheng Haoquan
Published: March 2024

As an excellent class of electrode materials, carbon‐based materials have garnered sustained attention. Constructing carbon‐based skeleton with unique structure has become a vital research area in the fields of electrocatalysis. Recently, surface curvature has been extensive discussed as a compelling factor in electronic modulation for electrocatalyst design. Benefitting from its distinctive regulation, the intrinsic activity and service stability of catalysts during electrocatalytic process can be significantly improved. Therefore, a helical structure that adeptly integrates well‐regulated, highly ordered surface curvatures is considered to be of great research value for the synthesis of carbon‐based skeleton. In this Concept article, we systematically summarize the up‐to‐date reports on the synthetic methods of carbon‐based skeletons with helical structures and present major challenges in this field. We also emphasize that the helical carbon‐based skeleton could be combined with transition metals for cooperative coupling, potentially leading to the further development of high‐efficiency electrocatalysts.
Progress, Prospects and Challenges of MXene Integrated Optoelectronics Devices
Authors: Hossaın Md. Tanvir , Repon Md. Reazuddin , Shahid Md. Abdus , Ali Ayub , Islam Tarikul
Published: March 2024

Recently, the emerging 2D materials MXene have gained a surge of attention to the production of optoelectronics devices such as solar cells, plasmonic, phototransistors, photodetectors, light‐emitting diodes, photothermal therapy, and so on. Its outstanding optical and electrical characteristics, unique structure, and large specific surface area make it suitable for future use in modern optoelectronics including ultrafast lasers, light emitters, modulators, and plasmonic generators. There is a lack of critical analysis on the prospects, challenges, overview of synthesis methods, mechanisms, and future research directions of MXene despite having some reviews have been published on the applications of MXene. Therefore, this study critically analyzed the existing challenges of MXene, such as poor stability in an oxygen environment, inadequate mechanical properties, ease of stacking, temperature barrier, and so on. In addition, the fundamentals, preparation techniques, properties, and applications of MXene have been summarized. The mechanism, limitations, and benefits of different preparation methods have been mentioned. A comprehensive analysis and guidelines have been provided to improve the existing synthesis methods. The ways to overcome these challenges, prospects, and future markets of the MXene‐based optoelectronic devices have been described.
Effect of Fe Doping Profile on Current Collapse in GaN‐based RF HEMTs
Authors: Xu Linling , Guo Hui , Tao Jiaqi , Zavabeti Ali , Zhou Yugang , Zheng Youdou , Zhang Rong , Chen Dunjun
Published: March 2024

Using computer‐aided design (TCAD) simulation, the impact of the Fe doping profile, including concentration, decay rate, and depth of the doping region on current‐collapse magnitude (▵CC) in 0.5‐μm gated GaN‐based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) is systematically investigated. Accurate simulation models are established and developed to facilitate the fabrication of electronics. It is elucidated that the intricate interplay between trapping and de‐trapping of Fe‐related traps at the gate‐drain edge is responsible for current collapse. The concentration and decay rate of the doping region have a more significant impact on current collapse than the depth. Increased trap state density near two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) channel caused by deep‐level acceptors would boost ▵CC. However, a minor dynamic reduction in 2DEG density (nT) induces a relatively small ▵CC. By adjusting the concentration, decay rate, and depth of the doping region, ▵CC of GaN‐based Radio Frequency (RF) HEMTs can be reduced by approximately 50.3 %. The optimized distribution of Fe doping discussed in this work helps to prepare GaN‐based RF HEMTs with a limited current collapse effect.
Phosphorescent Platinum(II) Complexes with a Spiro‐fused Xanthene Unit: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Riesebeck Tim , Strassner Thomas
Published: March 2024

Novel platinum(II) complexes, derived from the spiro[fluorene‐9,9’‐xanthene] (SFX) motif, were synthesized and combined with different auxiliary ligands such as acetylacetonate (acac), bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)propane‐1,3‐dionate (mesacac) and dihydrobis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazole‐1‐yl) borate. The final products were obtained in yields of up to 36 % and characterized by NMR, X‐ray and combustion analysis. These complexes have structured green‐blue emission spectra with Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIExy) coordinates of (0.21;0.46). Excellent photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) ranging from 87 %–91 % were found. The emission lifetimes vary from 33 μs to 43 μs. Calculations on the B3LYP/6‐311++G** level of theory reveal, that the nature of the emissive state is dependent on the positional regioisomerism of the SFX motif. The 2‐SFX complexes demonstrate ligand‐centered (3LC) emission, while the 2’‐SFX regioisomer with the mesacac ligand shows a strong 3MLCT character.
Quest for Double Möbius Aromaticity
Authors: Sarmah Kangkan , Guha Ankur K.
Published: March 2024

Neutral four‐membered rings with 4n electrons are generally Hückel antiaromatic. On the other hand, 4n electron system can also be Möbius aromatic, although identification has escaped so far. A recent study of double Möbius aromaticity has been put forwarded in the D2h symmetric singlet ground state of four member Pa2B2 ring. Although interesting, but the synthesis possesses a significant challenge as Pa is rare, highly radioactive and toxic. Herein, a synthetically viable four membered Rh2B2 cluster is proposed which contains double Möbius aromaticity. Interestingly, the three membered RhB2− cluster also possess Möbius aromaticity and is the smallest ring to show such phenomenon.
A Healable Quasi‐Solid Polymer Electrolyte with Balanced Toughness and Ionic Conductivity
Authors: Ding Li , Tan Yu , Li Guiliang , Zhang Kaiqiang , Wang Xu
Published: March 2024

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have garnered extensive attention as potential alternatives to traditional liquid electrolytes, primarily due to their prowess in curbing lithium dendrite formation and preventing electrolyte leaks. The quest for SPEs that are both mechanically robust and exhibit superior ionic conductivity has been vigorous. However, achieving a harmonious balance between these two attributes remains a significant challenge. In this study, we introduce a novel quasi‐solid electrolyte, ingeniously crafted from a poly(urethane‐urea) network, enriched with lithium salts and plasticizers. This innovative composition not only boasts remarkable toughness but also ensures commendable ionic conductivity. Our post‐gelation method yields gel polymer electrolytes that undergo rigorous evaluation, leading to an optimized version that stands out with its exceptional room‐temperature ionic conductivity (2.94×10−4 S cm−1) and outstanding toughness (11.9 MJ m−3). Moreover, it demonstrates a broad electrochemical window (4.73 V), remarkable stability across a 600‐hour cycle test, a high capacity retention exceeding 80 % after 100 cycles at 0.2 C, and a noteworthy self‐healing capability. This quasi‐solid polymer electrolyte emerges as a promising contender to replace current liquid electrolyte solutions.
Separation of Biobased Carboxylic Acids by Aqueous Phase Nanofiltration
Authors: Rübenach Lukas , Kruse Niklas , Rose Marcus
Published: March 2024

Nanofiltration is an energy efficient separation technology with yet not fully explored potential for in situ product recovery from fermentation solutions. In this work, a commercially available cellulose acetate nanofiltration membrane was investigated to separate different carboxylic acids from glucose in an aqueous solution. The membrane showed a high stability and good separation performance at low pH. Dead‐end and cross‐flow experiments revealed the transferability to real fermentation mixtures and demonstrate the possibility of coupling fermentation with in situ product separation.
Evolution of air‐borne vocalization: Insights from neural studies in the archeobatrachian species Bombina orientalis
Authors: Huggenberger Stefan , Walkowiak Wolfgang
Published: March 2024

Vocalization of tetrapods evolved as an air‐driven mechanism. Thus, it is conceivable that the underlaying neural network might have evolved from more ancient respiratory circuits and be made up of homologous components that generate breathing rhythms across vertebrates. In this context, the extant species of stem anurans provide an opportunity to analyze the connection of the neural circuits of lung ventilation and vocalization. Here, we analyzed the fictive lung ventilation and vocalization behavior of isolated brains of the Chinese fire‐bellied toad Bombina orientalis during their mating season by nerve root recordings. We discovered significant differences in durations of activation of male brains after stimulation of the statoacoustic nerve or vocalization‐relevant forebrain structures in comparison to female brains. The increased durations of motor nerve activities in male brains can be interpreted as fictive calling, as male's advertisement calls in vivo had the same general pattern compared to lung ventilation, but longer duration periods. Female brains react to the corresponding stimulations with the same shorter activity pattern that occurred spontaneously in both female and male brains and thus can be interpreted as fictive lung ventilations. These results support the hypothesis that vocal circuits evolved from ancient respiration networks in the anuran caudal hindbrain. Moreover, we could show that the terrestrial stem archeobatrachian Bombina spec. is an appropriate model to study the function and evolution of the shared network of lung ventilation and vocal generation.
Genomic signatures of climate adaptation in bank voles
Authors: Folkertsma Remco , Charbonnel Nathalie , Henttonen Heikki , Heroldová Marta , Huitu Otso , Kotlík Petr , Manzo Emiliano , Paijmans Johanna L. A. , Plantard Olivier , Sándor Attila D. , Hofreiter Michael , Eccard Jana A.
Published: March 2024

Evidence for divergent selection and adaptive variation across the landscape can provide insight into a species' ability to adapt to different environments. However, despite recent advances in genomics, it remains difficult to detect the footprints of climate‐mediated selection in natural populations. Here, we analysed ddRAD sequencing data (21,892 SNPs) in conjunction with geographic climate variation to search for signatures of adaptive differentiation in twelve populations of the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) distributed across Europe. To identify the loci subject to selection associated with climate variation, we applied multiple genotype‐environment association methods, two univariate and one multivariate, and controlled for the effect of population structure. In total, we identified 213 candidate loci for adaptation, 74 of which were located within genes. In particular, we identified signatures of selection in candidate genes with functions related to lipid metabolism and the immune system. Using the results of redundancy analysis, we demonstrated that population history and climate have joint effects on the genetic variation in the pan‐European metapopulation. Furthermore, by examining only candidate loci, we found that annual mean temperature is an important factor shaping adaptive genetic variation in the bank vole. By combining landscape genomic approaches, our study sheds light on genome‐wide adaptive differentiation and the spatial distribution of variants underlying adaptive variation influenced by local climate in bank voles.
Novel Ruthenium‐based Nitrosyl Complexes: NO Donation and Vasorelaxant Potentials for Cardiovascular Therapeutics
Authors: Gouveia Júnior Florêncio S. , de Sousa Allandeiverson S. , da Silva Renally B. , Rocha Danilo G. , Teixeira Edson H. , Odorico de Moraes Filho Manoel , Jamacaru Francisco Vagnaldo F. , Serra Azul Monteiro Helena , Jorge Roberta Jeane B. , Wink David A. , de Sousa Eduardo Henrique S. , de F. Lopes Luiz Gonzaga
Published: March 2024

Nitrosyl ruthenium complexes have emerged as promising platforms for the controlled delivery of nitric oxide (NO) and nitroxyl (HNO), both of which possess significant therapeutic implications. Considering this scenario, we synthesized and characterized the metal complex cis‐[RuNO(phen)2(2MIM)]3+ and its precursors, where phen and 2MIM correspond to 1,10‐phenantroline and 2‐methylimidazole, respectively. Comprehensive structural elucidation was undertaken using a combination of spectroscopic and electrochemical methodologies, including XANES/EXAFS experiments. This structural data was further validated through DFT computational analyses. We demonstrated that such compound can release NO and HNO in the presence of thiol‐based substrates. Not only this, but the same metal complex can also delivery nitric oxide under irradiation with visible light (λ=460 nm). The nitrosyl complex and its derivatives displayed marked vasodilatory capabilities as evidenced in assays involving isolated rat aorta rings. They also exhibited commendable antioxidant activity in free radical scavenging assays. Collectively, based on these data, this nitrosyl ruthenium compound is a potential therapeutic candidate, especially in the field of cardiovascular pathology like atherosclerosis, thereby deserving further in‐depth investigations.
Palladium‐Catalyzed C8‐Fluoroalkylation and C8‐Fluoroalkenylation of Naphthalenes by C−H Activation
Authors: Amistadi‐Revol Hugo , Tremblais Julie , Casaretto Nicolas , Prévost Sébastien
Published: March 2024

In this study, two novel C8‐functionalization methods of 1‐carbonylnaphthalenes were developed. Leveraging iodonium triflates as coupling partners, we disclose palladium‐catalyzed C8‐fluoroalkylation and C8‐fluoroalkenylation processes. These protocols exhibit broad applicability across diverse naphthalene derivatives, owing to carbonyl directing groups at the C1 position which can be retained for subsequent applications or selectively removed, enhancing the versatility of the developed methodologies.
Perceived social mobility and system justification predict greater well‐being, but less prosocial behaviour
Authors: Park Lora E. , Ward Deborah E. , Jung Han Young , Weng Jennifer
Published: March 2024

In the present research, we propose that perceptions of social mobility (PSM) are beneficial for oneself but costly to others. Supporting this idea, people who were led to think that social mobility in society is probable (vs. improbable) (Study 1a/b, N = 754; Study 3a/b, N = 938) or held this belief at a dispositional level (Study 2a/b, N = 877) showed greater endorsement of system justifying beliefs, which was related to greater happiness and life satisfaction. However, the more people perceived social mobility and justified the system, the less willing they were to help others in need, and this was especially true for those who thought the current economic system was fair and legitimate. Thus, while greater perceived social mobility is related to increased personal well‐being through justification of the sociopolitical system, it predicts less desire to help others due to increased support of the economic status quo.
Self‐objectification and sexual dysfunction among women: Testing and extending objectification theory
Authors: Kahalon Rotem , Klein Verena , Alon Shani , Shnabel Nurit
Published: March 2024

Objectification theory predicts that women's self‐objectification should lead to sexual dysfunction, yet previous studies failed to provide consistent support for this prediction. The present research—which used two sufficiently powered samples and a self‐objectification measurement (SOBBS) with improved psychometric qualities and content validity than previous measurements—found support for the expected association between self‐objectification and sexual dysfunction among heterosexual women in Israel and the United States (N = 404 and 366, Mage = 30.59 and 36.93, respectively). We also examined two novel potential mediators of this association, entitlement for pleasure and sexual agency (i.e., the capability to express sexual desires and boundaries), and found that the latter mediated the link between self‐objectification and sexual dysfunction. The mediators originally proposed by objectification theory (i.e. appearance anxiety, body shame, awareness of internal body states and flow) failed to mediate this link. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.
Effects and considerations of multiplexing ForenSeq Kintelligence libraries with a negative control
Authors: Bali Gunmeet Kaur , Cuenca Daniela , Wallin Jeanette
Published: March 2024

The negative template control or negative amplification control has been an essential component of the forensic DNA analysis workflow that helps monitor contamination. As such, the inclusion of a negative control in forensic DNA analysis has been a requirement for all laboratories audited under the FBI's Quality Assurance Standards. As massively parallel sequencing (MPS) becomes more conventional in forensic laboratories, considerations for the inclusion of a negative control in every sequencing run can be evaluated. Although the inclusion of a negative control in library preparation and the first sequencing run has a practical function, there is less utility for its inclusion in all subsequent sequencing runs for that library preparation. Although this is universal to all MPS assays, it is most relevant for an assay that has a low sample multiplexing capacity, such as the ForenSeq Kintelligence Kit (Qiagen/Verogen, Inc.). The ForenSeq Kintelligence Kit is an investigative genetic genealogy (IGG) sequencing‐based assay that targets 10,230 forensically relevant single‐nucleotide polymorphisms. The manufacturer recommends multiplexing 3 libraries per sequencing run, which includes controls. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the inclusion of a negative control in every Kintelligence sequencing run. We observed that the library generated from a negative amplification control will take 7%–14% of the run output. The loss of sequencing space taken by a negative control decreased the available output for DNA‐containing samples, leading in some cases to allele or locus dropout and accompanying higher numbers of sixth to seventh order unknown associations in GEDmatch PRO.
Metal‐Organic Framework/Graphene Nanoplatelet Composite Increases Rate Performance of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Kilic Aysegul , Bayazit Şahika Sena , Eroglu Damla
Published: March 2024

The polysulfide (PS) shuttle mechanism (PSM) is one of the biggest problems of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, resulting in fast capacity fading and low Coulombic efficiency. Due to electrostatic interactions, polar materials can adsorb the PS intermediates on their surfaces, decreasing the PSM effect. These polar materials should also have high electronic conductivity and surface area to be used in sulfur cathodes of Li–S batteries. In this respect, metal‐organic frameworks (MOF) and their derivatives gain significant attention. In this work, UiO‐66/graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)/sulfur composites are prepared with different UiO‐66/GNP ratios to investigate the effect of MOF amount on the electrochemical performance of Li–S batteries. MOF amount in the composite does not significantly influence performance for moderate S loadings. In contrast, Li–S cells with higher MOF‐loaded cathodes present superior performance at higher sulfur loadings and C rates.
Preparing Li6V3(PO4)5 Cathode with Boron‐Doped Carbon Layer as a Cathode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Yongguang , Tian Hualing , Cai Yanjun , Wang Yingbo , Yao Xiang , Su Zhi
Published: March 2024

Polyanionic cathode materials are increasingly used in research because of their good cycling performance, high theoretical capacity, and high operating voltage. However, it exhibits poor performance due to its structure, which prevents it from reaching its full theoretical capacity. In this study, carbon‐coated Li6V3(PO4)5@C cathode materials are constructed under Li3V2(PO4)3 research conditions using the sol–gel process and anhydrous citric acid as the carbon source. Several boron doping concentrations are investigated to create Li6V3(PO4)5@BC cathode materials. The electrochemical measurements demonstrate that during the first cycle, at a current density of 0.5 C and a B doping quantity of 2 wt%, the specific discharge capacity of Li6V3(PO4)5@BC reaches 167.43 mAh g−1. The steady discharge specific capacity following 80 cycles of constant‐current charging and discharging is 136.84 mAh g−1. Li6V3(PO4)5@BC‐2 has a specific discharge capacity of 131.1 mAh g−1 at 2 C. The material's electrochemical performance greatly improves following the right quantity of B doping, which is primarily attributed to the increase in carbon layer defects brought on by B's entrance. This can increase the rate of lithium‐ion migration and hold more lithium ions.
Transcriptomics-based points of departure for Daphnia magna exposed to 18 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
Authors: Villeneuve Daniel L , Blackwell Brett R , Bush Kendra , Harrill Joshua , Harris Felix , Hazemi Monique , Le Michelle , Stacy Emma , Flynn Kevin M
Published: March 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) represent a large group of contaminants of concern based on their widespread use, environmental persistence, and potential toxicity. Many traditional models for estimating toxicity, bioaccumulation, and other toxicological properties are not well suited for PFAS. Consequently, there is a need to generate hazard information for PFAS in an efficient and cost-effective manner. In the present study, Daphnia magna were exposed to multiple concentrations of 22 different PFAS for 24 h in a 96-well plate format. Following exposure, whole-body RNA was extracted and extracts, each representing five exposed individuals, were subjected to RNA sequencing. Following analytical measurements to verify PFAS exposure concentrations and quality control on processed cDNA libraries for sequencing, concentration-response modeling was applied to the data sets for 18 of the tested compounds, and the concentration at which a concerted molecular response occurred (transcriptomic point of departure; tPOD) was calculated. The tPODs, based on measured concentrations of PFAS, generally ranged from 0.03 to 0.58 µM (9.9–350 µg/L; interquartile range). In most cases, these concentrations were two orders of magnitude lower than similarly calculated tPODs for human cell lines exposed to PFAS. They were also lower than apical effect concentrations reported for seven PFAS for which some crustacean or invertebrate toxicity data were available, although there were a few exceptions. Despite being lower than most other available hazard benchmarks, D. magna tPODs were, on average, four orders of magnitude greater than the maximum aqueous concentrations of PFAS measured in Great Lakes tributaries. Overall, this high-throughput transcriptomics assay with D. magna holds promise as a component of a tiered hazard evaluation strategy employing new approach methodologies.
Agaricus griseovariegatus: A new record of genus Agaricus for Indian mycobiota from Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Ahamed Masood , Saini Sakshi , Sharma Yash Pal
Published: March 2024

In the present communication, a species of Agaricus (A. griseovariegatus) belonging to A. sect. Xanthodermatei has been described from North‐western Himalaya of Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. This species is humicolous and found on dead decaying leaves of walnut. It is characterized by its appressed olive‐gray squamules, broad radial fissures on the pileus, floccose annulus, faintly yellow context, phenolic odor, and bisporic to tetrasporic basidia. This species is reported here as a novel addition to India's macrofungal flora. Its morphology, anatomy, and phylogenetic relationships based on nrITS sequences are all described in detail here.
The protective barrier role of satellite glial cells in sensory ganglia
Authors: Qarot Eman , Guan Yun , Hanani Menachem
Published: March 2024

Neurons in sensory ganglia are wrapped completely by satellite glial cells (SGCs). One putative function of SGCs is to regulate the neuronal microenvironment, but this role has received only little attention. In this study we investigated whether the SGC envelope serves a barrier function and how SGCs may control the neuronal microenvironment. We studied this question on short‐term (<24 h) cell cultures of dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia from adult mice, which contain neurons surrounded with SGCs, and neurons that are not. Using calcium imaging, we measured neuronal responses to molecules with established actions on sensory neurons. We found that neurons surrounded by SGCs had a smaller response to molecules such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), glutamate, GABA, and bradykinin than neurons without glial cover. When we inhibited the activity of NTPDases, which hydrolyze the ATP, and also when we inhibited the glutamate and GABA transporters on SGCs, this difference in the neuronal response was no longer observed. We conclude that the SGC envelope does not hinder diffusional passage, but acts as a metabolic barrier that regulates the neuronal microenvironment, and can protect the neurons and modulate their activity.
Combined simultaneous endoscopic endonasal and transcranial surgery using high‐definition three‐dimensional exoscope for malignant tumors of the anterior skull base
Authors: Makihara Seiichiro , Otani Yoshihiro , Uraguchi Kensuke , Shimizu Aiko , Murai Aya , Higaki Takaya , Akisada Naoki , Fujimoto Shohei , Makino Takuma , Ishida Joji , Fujii Kentaro , Yasuhara Takao , Ota Tomoyuki , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Ando Mizuo
Published: March 2024

Background

Advanced surgical interventions are required to treat malignancies in the anterior skull base (ASB). This study investigates the utility of endoscopic endonasal and transcranial surgery (EETS) using a high‐definition three‐dimensional exoscope as an alternative to traditional microscopy.

Methods

Six patients with carcinomas of varying histopathologies underwent surgery employing the EETS maneuver, which synchronized three distinct surgical modalities: harvesting of the anterolateral thigh flap, initiation of the transnasal technique, and initiation of the transcranial procedure.

Results

The innovative strategy enabled successful tumor resection and skull base reconstruction without postoperative local neoplastic recurrence, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, or neurological deficits.

Conclusion

The integration of the exoscope and EETS is a novel therapeutic approach for ASB malignancies. This strategy demonstrates the potential of the exoscope in augmenting surgical visualization, enhancing ergonomics, and achieving seamless alignment of multiple surgical interventions. This technique represents a progressive shift in the management of these complex oncological challenges.
Neonatal transport practices and effectiveness of the use of low‐cost interventions on outcomes of transported neonates in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Okai Emmanuel , Fair Frankie , Soltani Hora
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims

Neonatal deaths contribute significantly to under‐5 mortality worldwide with Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) alone accounting for 43% of global newborn deaths. Significant challenges in the region's health systems evidenced by huge disparities in health facility deliveries and poor planning for preterm births are major contributors to the high neonatal mortality. Many neonates in the region are delivered in suboptimal conditions and require transportation to facilities equipped for specialized care. This review describes neonatal transport across the subregion, focusing on low‐cost interventions employed.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of studies on neonatal transport in SSA followed by a narrative synthesis. A search in the databases CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, and Google Scholar was performed from inception to March 2023. Two authors reviewed the full texts of relevant studies to determine eligibility for inclusion which was subsequently cross‐checked by a third reviewer using a random 30% overlay. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results

A total of 20 studies were included in this review involving 11,895 neonates from 10 countries. All studies evaluated the transfer of neonates into referral centers from the peripheries. Most neonates were transferred by public transport (n = 12), mostly in the arms of caregivers with little communication between referring facilities. Studies reporting on ambulance transfers reported pervasive inadequacies in both human resources and transport equipment. No study reported on the use of Kangaroo mother care (KMC) in the transfer process.

Conclusions

The neonatal transport system across the SSA region is poorly planned, poorly resourced, and executed with little communication between facilities. Using cost‐effective measures like KMC and improved training of community health workers may be key to improving the outcomes of transported neonates.
Does sin tax on the legal market facilitate the illicit market? An ex‐ante assessment on the US cannabis market
Authors: Han Joohun , Mottaleb Khondoker A. , Ng'ombe John N. , Durand‐Morat Alvaro
Published: March 2024

Sin tax is essential to reduce the harm caused by products like cannabis. However, excessive taxation may facilitate illicit markets. We examine sin tax policies' impact on legal and illicit cannabis markets in the selected US states. Using a Constant Elasticity of Substitution utility framework, we assess scenarios like sin tax increase and anti‐illicit cannabis policies. Our findings indicate high sin taxes may drive consumers to illicit markets, but anti‐illicit market policies could control its extent. However, there is a trade‐off between market size, tax revenue, consumers' utility, and illicit market control. Thus, optimizing sin tax policies is challenging, necessitating a second‐best approach.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling for confirming the role of CYP3A1/2 and P‐glycoprotein in detoxification mechanism between glycyrrhizic acid and aconitine in rats
Authors: Jin Jingyi , Xu Xiaoqing , Li Fengling , Weng Fengyi , Zou Bin , Li Yue , Zhao Jing , Zhang Shuang , Yan Dongming , Qiu Furong
Published: March 2024

Fuzi, an effective common herb, is often combined with Gancao to treat disease in clinical practice with enhancing its efficacy and alleviating its toxicity. The major toxic and bioactive compounds in Fuzi and Gancao are aconitine (AC) and glycyrrhizic acid (GL), respectively. This study aims to elucidate detoxification mechanism between AC and GL from pharmacokinetic perspective using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. In vitro experiments exhibited that AC was mainly metabolized by CYP3A1/2 in rat liver microsomes and transported by P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) in Caco‐2 cells. Kinetics assays showed that the Km and Vmax of AC towards CYP3A1/2 were 2.38 μM and 57.3 pmol/min/mg, respectively, whereas that of AC towards P‐gp was 11.26 μM and 147.1 pmol/min/mg, respectively. GL markedly induced the mRNA expressions of CYP3A1/2 and MDR1a/b in rat primary hepatocytes. In vivo studies suggested that the intragastric and intravenous administration of GL significantly reduced systemic exposure of AC by 27% and 33%, respectively. Drug–drug interaction (DDI) model of PBPK predicted that co‐administration of GL would decrease the exposure of AC by 39% and 45% in intragastric and intravenous dosing group, respectively. The consistency between predicted data and observed data confirmed that the upregulation of CYP3A1/2 and P‐gp was the crucial detoxification mechanism between AC and GL. Thus, this study provides a demonstration for elucidating the compatibility mechanisms of herbal formula using PBPK modeling and gives support for the clinical co‐medication of Fuzi and Gancao.
Improving regulatory T cell production through mechanosensing
Authors: Shi Lingting , Lim Jee Yoon , Kam Lance C.
Published: March 2024

Induced Tregs (iTregs) have great promise in adoptive immunotherapy for treatment of autoimmune diseases. This report investigates the impacts of substrate stiffness on human Treg induction, providing a powerful yet simple approach to improving production of these cells. Conventional CD4+ human T cells were activated on materials of different elastic modulus and cultured under suppressive conditions. Enhanced Treg induction was observed on softer materials as early as 3 days following activation and persisted for multiple weeks. Substrate stiffness also affected epigenetic modification of Treg specific genes and Treg suppressive capacity. Tregs induced on substrates of an optimal stiffness balance quantity and suppressive quality.
The correlation between flavor formation and microbial community dynamics during the fermentation of zha cai
Authors: Lian Yinyin , Song Jiajia , Mumby William , Suo Huayi , Zhang Yu
Published: March 2024

Background

Zha cai, a pickled vegetable with unique flavors, is produced by fermenting fresh mustard tubers. In this study, the main physicochemical indices and volatile flavor compounds were determined in three fermentation periods. The bacterial and fungal communities in the three fermentation periods of zha cai were also monitored using high‐throughput sequencing. Key microbial communities were identified based on significant correlations with flavor substances.

Results

Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the main bacterial phyla found within the three fermentation periods. Lactic acid bacteria, namely Lactobacillus, was the predominant bacteria found at the genus level. Ascomycetes and Stenotrophomonas were the major fungal phyla found in the three fermentation periods. Yeast, namely Debaryomyces, was the predominant fungus found at the genus level. A total of 42 bacterial genera were negatively correlated with volatile flavor substances of zha cai, and 37 bacterial genera were positively correlated. Meanwhile, a total of 47 genera of fungi were negatively correlated with the volatile flavor substances of zha cai, while 50 genera were positively correlated. Several microbial genera were significantly correlated with volatile flavor compounds, including Lactobacillus, Halomonas, Rhodococcus, and Debaryomyces.

Conclusion

This study identified the microbial classes that positively regulate the flavor of zha cai which could provide valuable help for flavor modulation in zha cai production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Otolaryngology Office Visit and Tympanostomy Tube Placement in Children with Otitis Media
Authors: Shi Yu , Heien Herbert C. , Orvidas Laura J. , Sangaralingham Lindsey R. , Halbauer Moira , Warner David O. , Phelan Sean
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Racial disparities are pervasive in access to pediatric surgery. The goal of this study was to test the hypotheses that, compared with White children, non‐White and Hispanic children: (1) were less likely to attend evaluations by otolaryngologists after a diagnosis of otitis media (OM) eligible for surgical referral, and (2) these children were less likely to receive tympanostomy tube (TT) after surgical consultation.

Methods

The OptumLabs Data Warehouse is a de‐identified claims database of privately insured enrollees. Guidelines on the management of OMs suggest that children should be evaluated for surgery if they have recurrent acute OM or chronic OM with effusion. A cohort of children who were diagnosed with OM were constructed. For Hypothesis 1, the primary outcome was otolaryngology office visit within 6 months of a diagnosis of recurrent or chronic OM. For Hypothesis 2, the outcome was TT placement within 6 months following the otolaryngology office visit. Cox regression models were used to determine the relationship between race/ethnicity and the primary outcomes.

Results

Among 187,776 children with OMs, 72,774 (38.8%) had otolaryngology visits. In a multivariate Cox model, the hazard ratios of attending otolaryngology visit for Black, Hispanic, and Asian children were 0.93 (95% CI,0.90, 0.96), 0.86 (0.83, 0.88), and 0.74 (0.71, 0.77), compared with White children. Among the children evaluated by otolaryngologists, 46,554 (63.97%) received TT. Black, Hispanic, and Asian children with recurrent acute OM had lower likelihood of receiving TT.

Conclusions

Racial disparities in attending otolaryngology office visit contributed to the disparities in receiving TT.

Quality of Evidence

Level 3 Laryngoscope, 134:3846–3852, 2024