bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Hydrogen Vehicle in the Context of the Sustainable Development of the Green Road Transport System
Authors: Țîțu A M , Neamțu G , Pop A B , Bulgariu C
Published: September 2024

The scientific work presents concrete research carried out by the authors to implement some concepts of technical and managerial nature, so that those interested in this field can get acquainted with a certain way of exposing the problems concerning the hydrogen-powered vehicle, in the context of the sustainable development of the ecological road transport system. At the moment, the car whose energy for propulsion is generated by means of hydrogen or hydrogen fuel cells does not enjoy a high popularity among users, due to the very high purchase price (where we have high technology, we also have a price to match - a fuel cell is more expensive than an electric battery), the reluctance of the population to use this type of fuel, defined by the danger of explosions and fires generated by hydrogen, and the lack of hydrogen refueling stations in Romania and in some European countries. The use of alternative fuels in internal combustion piston engines has the advantage of significantly reducing pollution due to combustion products. With regard to the direct use of hydrogen as a fuel in internal combustion piston engines, we can say that it has proved its inefficiency, because the hydrogen injected or sucked directly into the engine cylinders is unstable, produces uncontrolled burns and detonations, and in the liquid state it is very difficult to store, it requires special transport methods, hydrogen tanks must be armored with Kevlar because hydrogen in the event of a car accident can explode. For example, if we use it as a fuel in a diesel engine, hydrogen may not ignite itself because the self-ignition temperature in the cylinders of compression-ignition engines is high (600°C). However, at a normal stoichiometric ratio, hydrogen has a high flame rate, much higher than gasoline. This creates a thermodynamic cycle of the thermal engine almost perfectly, but ideally, let us not forget that in poor mixtures of air-hydrogen the flame propagation speed is considerably reduced. The compression ratio of the engine is of utmost importance because it is finally defining the thermal efficiency of the engine. In the following, we present a technical and managerial study with engineering nuances, through which readers can look and understand the stage of development, place and role of the vehicle propelled by hydrogen fuel cells. Finally, the conclusions and further directions of research and development in the field addressed are presented.
Practical twin-field quantum key distribution parameter optimization based on quantum annealing algorithm
Authors: Li Yue , Sun Zhongqi , Wang Haoyang , Shi Kaiyi , Li Jiaao , Liu Chang , Ma Haiqiang
Published: September 2024

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) is widely studied since it can surpass the key capacity of repeaterless QKD, whereas electromagnetic interference (EMI) is one of the main challenges in its practical applications. This study is based on the Faraday–Michelson TF-QKD. Analyze the effect of EMI on the rotation angle of the Faraday mirror causing an additional quantum bit error rate (QBER). Moreover, the quantum annealing algorithm (QA) based on quantum tunneling mechanism is applied to the optimization of practical TF-QKD. Mapping the secure key rate of TF-QKD into the evaluation function of QA and the transverse magnetic field is introduced to construct the kinetic energy term, which can realize the quantum tunneling effect. Meanwhile, the QA is improved in terms of chaotic optimization to obtain the dynamic initial value of the algorithm, the design of a perturbation method to skip the locally optimal solution, and the use of suitable temperature and magnetic field decay functions. Optimizing TF-QKD with QA, the standard deviation of QBER fluctuation caused by EMI is reduced to 0.206, the mean square error of the signal-state pulse intensity is only

3.38
×

10

−
4

, and the optimization accuracy of the secure key rate can reach 99.8

%

. Additionally, this optimization method shortens the runtime and reduces computational resource consumption, making it highly efficient for practical implementations.
Non-negative least-squares variance and covariance component estimation using the positive-valued function for errors-in-variables models
Authors: Zhipeng LV
Published: September 2024

Although (co)variance component estimation has been widely applied in the errors-in-variables (EIV) model, the occurrence of negative variance components is still a major issue in the estimated variance components. This problem may be due to the following unfavorable factors: 1) unreasonable selection of initial variance values; 2) low redundancy in the EIV functional model; 3) improper design in the EIV stochastic model, and 4) other data quality problems. Many attempts have been made to prevent the appearance of negative variance components. In this contribution, a novel and efficient non-negative least-squares variance component estimation using the PVF (PVF-NLS-VCE) is introduced, which can simultaneously estimate the unknown (co)variance components in the EIV stochastic model and the parameters in the EIV functional model. Its principle is to implicitly impose a non-negative constraint by replacing the variance component with the positive-valued function (PVF) whose range is the set of positive real numbers. Two numerical examples using real and simulated data are presented. The numerical results of linear regression are identical to those obtained based on least-squares variance component estimation (LS-VCE) with positive initial values of variance components. The numerical results of two-dimensional affine transformation are shown to prevent negative variance components and precede those obtained by LS-VCE with a negative initial value of variance component. Both numerical examples verify the effectiveness of the PVF-NLS-VCE method whether the initial values of variance components are positive or negative. The proposed PVF-NLS-VCE is a simple, convenient and flexible method to achieve the non-negative estimates of variance components, which can reduce sensitivity to initial value selection and automatically guarantee a non-negative definite covariance matrix.
Solving the boundary value problem of the first-order measure differential equations
Authors: Cai Junning , Xia Yonghui
Published: September 2024

This article is to develop a method to solve the boundary value problems of the first-order measure differential equations in the space of bound-ed variation functions. Firstly, we obtain the solution and Green’s function by applying the integration by parts. Secondly, the criterion for the existence of solution is given by using fixed point theorem and regularization theory. Finally, an example is provided to validate these conclusions.
Incompleteness of boundedly axiomatizable theories
Authors: Enayat Ali , Visser Albert
Published: September 2024

Our main result (Theorem A) shows the incompleteness of any consistent sequential theory

T
T

formulated in a finite language such that

T
T

is axiomatized by a collection of sentences of bounded quantifier-alternation-depth. Our proof employs an appropriate reduction mechanism to rule out the possibility of completeness by simply invoking Tarski’s Undefinability of Truth theorem. We also use the proof strategy of Theorem A to obtain other incompleteness results.
From Global Uncertainties to Planetary Insecurities
Authors: Peoples Columba
Published: September 2024

This chapter examines in greater detail how and why forms of ‘planetary insecurity’ such as climate change can be argued to provoke crisis for the study of International Relations (IR) and security. The notion that threats might exist that are, metaphorically, ‘beyond’ the international is not entirely new, as established usage of concepts such as ‘Global Uncertainties’ and ‘Global (In)Security’ attest to. However, more recent turns to considerations of ‘the planetary’ within and wider than IR and security scholarship suggest that even those concepts are insufficient to capture the significance of climatic and ecological crisis. The chapter makes the case that the emergence of ‘the planetary’ thus constitutes a more fundamental crisis for the types of linear thinking that have traditionally underpinned modern understandings of IR and security; and that it also intersects with questions, concepts, and issues of technopolitics and geoengineering that warrant further consideration and investigation.
A novel tauopathy model mimicking molecular and spatial aspects of human tau pathology
Authors: Yanai Rin , Mitani Tomoki T , Susaki Etsuo A , Minamihisamatsu Takeharu , Shimojo Masafumi , Saito Yuri , Mizuma Hiroshi , Nitta Nobuhiro , Kaneda Daita , Hashizume Yoshio , Matsumoto Gen , Tanemura Kentaro , Zhang Ming-Rong , Higuchi Makoto , Ueda Hiroki R , Sahara Naruhiko
Published: September 2024

Creating a mouse model that recapitulates human tau pathology is essential for developing strategies to intervene in tau-induced neurodegeneration. However, mimicking the pathological features seen in human pathology often involves a trade-off with artificial effects such as unexpected gene insertion and neurotoxicity from the expression system. To overcome these issues, we developed the rTKhomo mouse model by combining a transgenic CaMKII-tTA system with a P301L mutated 1N4R human tau knock-in at the Rosa26 locus with a C57BL/6J background. This model closely mimics human tau pathology, particularly in the hippocampal CA1 region, showing age-dependent tau accumulation, neuronal loss and neuroinflammation. Notably, whole-brain 3D staining and light-sheet microscopy revealed a spatial gradient of tau deposition from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampus, similar to the spatial distribution of Braak neurofibrillary tangle staging. Furthermore, [18F]PM-PBB3 positron emission tomography imaging enabled the quantification and live monitoring of tau deposition. The rTKhomo mouse model shows potential as a promising next-generation preclinical tool for exploring the mechanisms of tauopathy and for developing interventions targeting the spatial progression of tau pathology.
Enhanced Fyn-tau and NR2B-PSD95 interactions in epileptic foci in experimental models and human epilepsy
Authors: Putra Marson , Rao Nikhil S , Gardner Cara , Liu Guanghao , Trommater Jordan , Bunney Michael , Gage Meghan , Bassuk Alexander G , Hefti Marco , Lee Gloria , Thippeswamy Thimmasettappa
Published: September 2024

Epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease share some common pathologies such as neurodegeneration, seizures and impaired cognition. However, the molecular mechanisms of these changes are still largely unknown. Fyn, a Src-family non-receptor tyrosine kinase (SFK), and its interaction with tau in mediating brain pathology in epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease can be a potential therapeutic target for disease modification. Although Fyn and tau pathology occurs in both Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy, the dynamics of Fyn-tau and PSD95-NR2B interactions affected by seizures and their impact on brain pathology in epilepsy have not been investigated. In this study, we demonstrate a significant increase of Fyn-tau interactions following seizure induction by kainate in both acute and chronic rodent models and in human epilepsy. In the early phase of epileptogenesis, we show increased Fyn/tau/NR2B/PSD95/neuronal nitric oxide synthase complexes after status epilepticus and a postsynaptic increase of phosphorylated tau (pY18 and AT8), Fyn (pSFK-Y416), NMDAR (pNR2B-Y1472) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Hippocampal proximity ligation assay and co-immunoprecipitation revealed a sustained increase of Fyn-tau and NR2B-PSD95 complexes/binding in rat chronic epilepsy at 3 months post-status epilepticus. Enhanced Fyn-tau complexes strongly correlated with the frequency of spontaneously recurring convulsive seizures and epileptiform spikes in the chronic epilepsy model. In human epileptic brains, we also identified increased Fyn-tau and NR2B-PSD95 complexes, tau phosphorylation (pY18 and AT8) and Fyn activation (pSFK-Y416), implying the translational and therapeutic potential of these molecular interactions. In tau knockout mice and in rats treated with a Fyn/SFK inhibitor saracatinib, we found a significant reduction of phosphorylated Fyn, tau (AT8 in saracatinib-treated), NR2B and neuronal nitric oxide synthase and their interactions (Fyn-tau and NR2B-PSD95 in saracatinib-treated group; NR2B-PSD95 in tau knockout group). The reduction of Fyn-tau and NR2B-PSD95 interactions in the saracatinib-treated group, in contrast to the vehicle-treated group, correlated with the modification in seizure progression in the rat chronic epilepsy model. These findings from animal models and human epilepsy provide evidence for the role of Fyn-tau and NR2B-PSD95 interactions in seizure-induced brain pathology and suggest that blocking such interactions could modify the progression of epilepsy.
Successful calcium modification of a large calcified nodule using shockwave intravascular lithotripsy in the setting of acute coronary syndrome: a case report
Authors: Al Nooryani Arif A , Sianos George , Abdelrahman Nagwa
Published: September 2024

Background

Calcified nodules are associated with suboptimal preparation before stenting due to challenging crossing and unsuccessful pre-dilation and calcium cracking with conventional balloons. In this scenario, we report the use of shockwave intravascular lithotripsy for the successful lesion preparation of an undilatable and challenging calcified nodule in a patient presenting with ACS.

Case summary

We report a case of a 79-year-old male patient presented with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography revealed 90% stenosis in the proximal segment of the right coronary artery, with a hazy area of inhomogeneous contrast. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging identified a large eccentric calcified nodule, with a minimum luminal area (MLA) of 4.18 mm2. Rotablation was done with a ROTAPRO Atherectomy System, post-rotablation IVUS showed no plaque modification. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) was performed with the emission of 50 pulses. Post-IVL, IVUS showed that the calcium nodule was successfully cracked with increased MLA to 6.8 mm2. The lesion was pre-dilated with a cutting balloon and stented using a SYNERGY MEGATRON stent and post-dilated with a non-compliant balloon with good final angiographic result and TIMI Grade 3 flow. Post-stenting IVUS confirmed optimal stent apposition and expansion with an MLA of 11.9 mm2.

Discussion

In severely calcified lesions, like calcified nodules, lesion preparation before stenting is pivotal for optimal long-term outcomes. As demonstrated in this case, IVL can be used safely in the setting of ACS not only to treat superficial and deep calcium layers but also to crack a large, calcified nodule, after failure of rotablation.
Creating and Managing Transactions and Budgets: Analysis of Marketplace Descriptions and Functionality Review of Budgeting Apps
Authors: Alenazi Mariam , Sas Corina
Published: September 2024

While financial practises permeate our lives, the effective management of personal finance is not trivial, as indicated in the increasing number of commercial apps aimed to support budgeting. Such apps however have been limitedly explored, despite the growing HCI interest in financial practises. To address this gap, we present the functionality review of 45 top-rated budgeting apps from Google Play and Apple Store, together with an analysis of their descriptions on marketplaces. Findings indicate the value of richer, multimodal app descriptions, support for budgeting literacy and for stronger theoretical underpinning of these apps. They also highlight main functionalities for supporting different types of transactions and accounts, for entering and managing transactions, securing data, as well as for creating and managing budgets. We conclude with five design implications to better support each of these functionalities.
Effect of COVID-19 global lockdown on our Moon
Authors: Prasad K Durga , Ambily G
Published: September 2024

Systematic investigation of lunar night-time temperatures can possibly be thought as a stable platform to study Earth's radiation budget and climate change as advocated earlier by several researchers. In this study, we report an interesting observation possibly of changing Earth's climate as experienced by the Moon, utilizing a rare and novel context of COVID-19 global lockdown. Lunar night-time surface temperatures of six different sites on the Moon's nearside were analysed during the period 2017–2023. Results showed an anomalous dip in the lunar night-time surface temperatures for all the sites during April–May 2020, the strict COVID-19 global lockdown period, when compared to the values of the same period during the previous and subsequent years. Since the terrestrial radiation has also showed a significant reduction during that time, the anomalous decrease observed in lunar surface temperatures is attributed to the COVID-19 global lockdown effect. Therefore, our study shows that the Moon has possibly experienced the effect of COVID-19 lockdown, visualized as an anomalous decrease in lunar night-time surface temperatures during that period. These results can be substantiated further from Moon-based observatories in future, thereby making them potential tools for observing Earth's environmental and climate changes.
Assessment of Food Addiction
Authors: Gearhardt Ashley N. , Loch Lucy K.
Published: September 2024

The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) has proven to be a useful tool to operationally define food addiction based on the diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders. In 2016, the YFAS 2.0 was released to reflect changes to the substance use disorder diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5). Changes included the addition of new criteria and a dimensional scoring option. The YFAS 2.0 appears to have strong psychometric properties and has been translated and validated in multiple languages. The assessment of food addiction based on the DSM-5 for children and adolescents has thus far relied on a dimensional categorization that may be more sensitive to subclinical patterns of addictive eating. Important next steps in the assessment of food addiction based on the DSM-5 include the development of a diagnostic version of the YFAS 2.0 for children and adolescents, the development of structured clinical interviews for food addiction, and consideration of whether highly processed food addiction should be included in future versions of the DSM.
Food Addiction in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Burrows Tracy L. , Skinner Janelle A. , Jebeile Hiba
Published: September 2024

As children age and grow, they progress through distinct stages characterized by cognitive and physical development alongside considerable changes around food intake, behaviors, and food preferences. Addictive eating behaviors are often assessed through self-report tools developed for younger ages, such as the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children, and children demonstrate an increasing amount of understanding of these behaviors especially in adolescent years. Categorization of addictive eating that affects day-to-day functioning, using these aforementioned tools, is variable. Childhood prevalence of food addiction ranges from 6% to 15% in the general population; however, higher levels can be seen in clinical population groups. Food addiction in children and adolescents shows associations with other disordered eating behaviors and poor psychosocial health, specifically binge eating, depression, and anxiety. Future insights would be gained from tracking addictive eating behaviors from childhood into adulthood to better understand the development and implications of environmental, lifestyle, and family factors.
Trauma and Food Addiction
Authors: Mason Susan M. , Emery Tavernier Rebecca L.
Published: September 2024

Trauma, defined as “actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence,” is estimated to affect between 41% and 90% of individuals in their lifetime and, for many, may result in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Trauma and PTSD have been linked to a number of mental and physical health problems, including substance use disorders and disordered eating. Emerging evidence also shows an association between trauma and reports of symptoms of food addiction, Plausible mechanisms linking trauma to food addiction include (1) enhanced stress reactivity and/or difficulties with emotion regulation leading to reliance on food to alleviate distress; (2) trauma-related changes to brain architecture that increase reward-seeking and risk of addiction; and (3) trauma-related endocrine disruptions that affect appetite and satiety. This chapter reviews the evidence of links from trauma to food addiction and related disorders, discusses the evidence for hypothesized mechanisms linking trauma to food addiction, and considers potential clinical implications.
Prenatal Contributions to the Development of Food Addiction
Authors: Camacho-Morales Alberto
Published: September 2024

Prenatal programming is a developmental stage where integration and response to external or internal stimuli might modulate physiological outcomes after birth. During programming the fetus is exposed to the mother’s hormonal, metabolic, and immune environments, allowing physiological adaptations. However, negative stimuli during the prenatal stage may generate aberrant profiles in the offspring, including addiction vulnerability. Addiction is a maladaptive behavior for the number of rewards integrated by the mesolimbic and mesocortical circuits. While still under investigation, preclinical and clinical studies have documented several external stimuli setting the prenatal programming of food addiction behavior in the offspring. For instance, food addiction might be primed by prenatal exposure to high-energy-dense diets, stress, or by maternal immune activation. Here, we add the most relevant scientific evidence supporting the effect of prenatal programming by external stimuli on brain reward responses during food addiction in the offspring.
Neurobiology of Binge Eating Disorder and Implications for Food Addiction
Authors: Stefanovics Elina A. , Potenza Marc N.
Published: September 2024

Binge eating disorder (BED) has an estimated lifetime prevalence of 0.85%–2.8% among U.S. adults and 2% globally. BED shares characteristics with addictive behaviors including food addiction (FA). FA is a multidimensional construct involving overconsumption of hyper-palatable foods in the setting of adverse consequences. Despite similarities, BED and FA represent unique constructs. Here, published studies examining neurobiological characteristics associated with BED and FA are examined. Animal and human studies demonstrate that food high in fat and sugar may produce neural responses similar to those associated with addictive drugs, suggesting relationships between binge eating and substance use behaviors. Animal studies implicate cortico-striatal circuitry as underlying these behaviors. BED is associated with abnormalities in cognitive processes and related domains including impulsivity, compulsivity, executive functioning, attention, and decision-making. Like in preclinical models, the prefrontal cortex and striatum have been implicated in human studies of BED and FA. Further, FA features in individuals with BED have implications for treatment outcomes. Understanding common elements—as may be reflected in transdiagnostic features like impulsivity and compulsivity—and unique differences between BED and FA is important. FA represents an important related and independent construct. Understanding how FA relates to BED and vice versa, including at neurobiological levels, should promote intervention development and implementation.
Psychological, Behavioral, and Pharmacological Treatments for Binge Eating Disorder
Authors: Chao Ariana M. , Grilo Carlos M.
Published: September 2024

Several similarities have been noted between the “loss-of-control” features of binge eating disorder (BED) and behaviors related to substance and non-substance addictions, leading to suggestions that understanding commonalities and divergences from addiction models may be useful to inform treatment approaches for BED. Moreover, a rapidly growing area of research has examined the construct of “food addiction,” which also grew out of clinical observations regarding parallels with substance and non-substance use addiction models. This chapter provides an overview of psychological/behavioral and pharmacological treatments for BED and addictions, and it describes key implications of using an addiction perspective in the treatment of BED. These include consideration of addiction perspectives such as abstinence, harm reduction, and views that BED is a brain-based disease, chronic, and relapsing. Careful consideration and further evaluation are needed to evaluate the relevance of addiction concepts and models for BED treatment.
Food Marketing and Neural Mechanisms Implicated in Addiction
Authors: Yokum Sonja
Published: September 2024

The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically over the past decades. The overabundance of inexpensive foods that are high in sugar, fat, salt, and calories, and the widespread marketing of these foods, are thought to contribute to unhealthy diets and subsequent unhealthy weight gain. Over the past few years, neuroimaging studies have begun to explore neural responses to unhealthy food and beverage advertisements to elucidate the mechanisms through which these advertisements stimulate overconsumption. The current chapter highlights research that examined the impact of unhealthy food marketing on the reward and motivation circuitry in the brain, and certain neurodevelopmental and neurobiological factors that increase risk for overconsumption upon unhealthy food marketing exposure. Essential next steps in neuroimaging research on food marketing are provided.
Addictive-like Overeating and Undereating
Authors: Hebebrand Johannes , Gradl-Dietsch Gertraud , Antel Jochen
Published: September 2024

Both those with extreme obesity and anorexia nervosa (AN) are entrapped in their eating behavior and the associated cognitions and emotions. An overarching approach spanning these two disorders at the opposite ends of the distribution of the body mass index serves to highlight the necessity to search for potential endocrine or other endogenous mediators of both addictive-like overeating and undereating. The successful treatment of congenital leptin deficiency (CLD) with human recombinant leptin serves as a reminder that addictive-like overeating can have a biological basis. Similarly, rodent models for AN and promising case studies of patients with this eating disorder again point to a potential therapeutic role of human recombinant leptin. These encouraging results may help to transcend the current debate contrasting substance with non-substance–based addictive-like overeating.
Disordered Eating and the Brain
Authors: Westwater Margaret L. , Ziauddeen Hisham , Fletcher Paul C.
Published: September 2024

Food addiction remains a popular yet controversial construct, which proposes that overeating and obesity arise from the consumption of “addictive” foods. This model rests on the assumption that foods, or their constituent macronutrients, elicit pharmacological effects on the brain analogous to those produced by addictive drugs. However, there has been no critical examination of whether the key pharmacological characteristics of addictive substances truly extend to food. In this chapter, we consider if two proposed addictive components of food, sugar and dietary fat, recapitulate the pharmacological properties of drugs, such as their impact on mesolimbic dopamine release. We find no convincing evidence to support the classification of sugar or dietary fats as addictive substances, particularly as addictive-like consumption in animals arises from orosensory effects alone. We caution against the implementation of food addiction as an explanation for disordered eating.
Geographic Crossings/Earth
Authors: Pintchman Tracy
Published: September 2024

This chapter introduces readers to the Hindu village goddesses Mariamman and Karumariamman in Tamil Nadu, India. It then describes how Dr. Krishna Kumar and his associates are inspired to bring Karumariamman to Pontiac, Michigan and establish there a temple to her. In Pontiac, Karumariamman assumes the form of Parashakthi, the Divine Mother who transcends all boundaries and has come to the West to protect humans in America and beyond from demonic forces, and to make her grace available to all those in the Western world who seek it. The chapter engages notions of translocality, dwelling, crossing, space, and place, and it introduces the idea of neoterritorialization.
Ritual Crossings/Wind
Authors: Pintchman Tracy
Published: September 2024

This chapter explores two broad types of religious performance regularly undertaken at or in conjunction with the Parashakthi Temple: temple rites, including the regular practice of various kinds of rites performed in temple space; and the pilgrimage journeys that the Parashakti Temple’s spiritual director, Dr. Krishna Kumar, undertakes frequently not on his own behalf, but on behalf of all devotees, to enhance the presence of shakti and the availability of the Goddess’s grace at the temple. While both temple rites and pilgrimage journeys are mainstream forms of Hindu religious practice, they come to be interpreted at the temple through a tantric-vernacular lens that fits the overall religious framing particular to this temple and its devotional community. I conclude with a section exploring a week of religious activity surrounding the reconsecration of the temple after it was destroyed by fire in 2018 and then rebuilt in 2022.
Divine Crossings/Space
Authors: Pintchman Tracy
Published: September 2024

This chapter examines the qualities of Karumariamman at the Parashakthi Temple in Pontiac, Michigan as the singular Divine Mother, the Great Goddess, who has come to the West for the benefit of all beings. The Goddess is simultaneously emplaced in her home in Pontiac, and thoroughly beyond place, simultaneously transcendent and immanent, supersensual but also a living presence attentive and available to her devotees. She is supreme, pure shakti, the totality of all matter (prakriti) and the loving Divine Mother who helps devotees in need, assisting them in both their material and spiritual journeys. This chapter examines the impersonal nature of the Goddess as space, vibration, light, and sound; as a metaphor for spiritual or psychological processes; and as a personal goddess who serves as healer, caretaker, and spiritual guide.
Introduction
Authors: Roberts Michèle
Published: September 2024

Why I admire Colette’s writing: its originality and power, its freedom from moralism, its amorality, the way it encouraged me to write freely and honestly about sex, love, and power, the way it makes the figure of the mother central, as an image of power, wisdom and inspiration.
Mother House
Authors: Roberts Michèle
Published: September 2024

This chapter considers La Maison de Claudine. This book is a memoir. Although its title refers to Colette's early, bestselling series of novels about her schoolgirl heroine Claudine, that is a misnomer. This is not fiction. The work delves into Colette’s memories of her childhood in a village in Bergundy, and is composed of vignettes focussing on the figure of Sido, her mother, at its centre. Sido is revealed as complex and contradictory. She is both authoritarian matriarch and free-thinker. She is shown as the inspiration for Colette’s writing, encouraging her to read, modelling audacity and freedom. I consider how Colette may be censoring her account, how at the same time she uses elements from fairy tale to fictionalize her story and to veil some disturbing aspects of her childhood to do with her older sister, Juliette.
Conclusion
Authors: Roberts Michèle
Published: September 2024

I gather together and compress my thoughts about Colette's experimentalism as a writer, her originality and modernism, her courage in exploring sexuality. I stress that these qualities connect to her being inspired by her mother and her retelling of the myth of paradise and paradise lost. Colette writes with striking honesty and perception about ageing and letting go, and the subsequent being re-filled with earthly delights. I express my gratitude for her free thinking. I mention her impact on my young feminist self, and her relevance for people today thinking about ecology.
Introduction
Authors: Mandelkern Matthew
Published: September 2024

This chapter surveys the plan for the book, and introduces the framework of dynamic semantics with a brief discussion of presupposition projection. Presupposition projection is the phenomenon wherein contents “escape” operators which usually cancel entailments; hence, for instance, both ‘Susie stopped smoking’ and ‘If Susie stopped smoking, she’ll win the marathon’ naturally lead to the inference that Susie once smoked, whereas only the first leads to the inference that Susie doesn’t now smoke. The chapter explains the phenomenon and then sketches dynamic semantics’ elegant theory of presupposition projection, which provides a simple and compelling way to introduce and motivate the idea that interpretation can be dynamic, and the general dynamic approach to meaning.
The Dynamics of Conditionals
Authors: Mandelkern Matthew
Published: September 2024

This chapter explores evidence that, as far epistemic modality, there is something dynamic in the interpretation of indicative conditionals. For instance, ‘If the die lands even, it will land two’ seems to be interpreted differently when it appears on its own than when it appears in the conditional ‘If the die lands prime, then if the die lands even, it will land two’. Again, this kind of sensitivity of the interpretation of conditionals to their local environment shows up in a variety of phenomena involving incoherence and inference, which the chapter surveys. The chapter goes on to present the standard dynamic semantic account of those phenomena, and explains how that theory accounts for these patterns.
Bounded Modals and Conditionals
Authors: Mandelkern Matthew
Published: September 2024

This chapter starts to develop the book’s positive theory: the bounded theory of meaning. The chapter gives a semantics for a fragment including epistemic modals and indicative conditionals. On this approach, the fragment has standard truth-conditions: epistemic modals quantify over contextually accessible worlds; a conditional says that its consequent is true at the closest world where its antecedent is true. But, in addition to truth-conditions, meanings on the bounded theory comprise a dimension of constraint called bounds, which limit admissible resolutions of context-sensitivity. This two-dimensional approach explains the data motivating dynamic semantics, while avoiding the problems for dynamic semantics enumerated in the previous chapter.
Bounded Anaphora
Authors: Mandelkern Matthew
Published: September 2024

This chapter develops the bounded theory of anaphora, after briefly reviewing a trivalent theory of anaphora which the bounded theory builds on. On this theory, (in)definite sentences have broadly classical truth-conditions. The interaction of indefinites and definites is accounted for in the dimension of bounds, which allow for coordination between the witnesses of indefinites and subsequent co-indexed definites. In particular, an indefinite sentence like ‘Susie has a child’ is true just in case Susie is a parent; given that it is true, its bound is satisfied just in case some child of Susie’s is assigned to the variable indexing the indefinite. Definites, in turn, have bounds which allow them to pick up variables that are introduced by indefinites in this way. This accounts for the basic patterns motivating dynamic treatments of anaphora. But because the underlying treatments of the connectives is classical, the bounded theory avoids dynamic semantics’ problems with disjunction and negation.
Conclusion
Authors: Mandelkern Matthew
Published: September 2024

This chapter concludes with a very brief recap of the book.
Theoretical Aspects
Authors: Tsagalis Christos C.
Published: September 2024

This chapter surveys the various theoretical aspects of using the method of oral intertextual neoanalysis—a term that was invented as a response to and refutation of the analytical school which dissected Homeric epic into smaller epics—to study the evolution and shaping of an oral epic tradition. Several different aspects are examined: internal criteria that support the method; external criteria for determining allusion to other, identifiable epic traditions; transference of motifs, themes, and phraseology from putative source-texts; entextualization (a dynamic process distinguished from textualization); and the issue of mythological reference and epic allusion (which pertains to our ability to determine whether thematic echoes indicate general knowledge of mythological material or specific allusion to other oral epic traditions).
A First Thematic Approach
Authors: Tsagalis Christos C.
Published: September 2024

This chapter considers the relation between book 10 of the Iliad and the rest of the epic. An array of misconceived assumptions concerning the absence of foreshadowing and flashbacks to the Doloneia in the rest of the Iliad are thoroughly examined and evaluated. The core of this chapter rests on drawing the line between references to events and allusions to themes. By means of a detailed analysis it is argued that (a) the Doloneia contains various implicit intratextual links to the Iliad; (b) it operates on the basis of backward and forward allusions to themes found in other Iliadic books; (c) it works as a bridge contributing to the development of a certain theme linking one part of the epic with another; (d) it shares a significant number of verbal associations with the rest of the epic that make it interpretively richer when examined in combination; and (e) it contributes to the character-drawing of Agamemnon, Diomedes, the pair Diomedes and Odysseus, and Hector.
Reconstructing the Hector-Version of Iliad 10
Authors: Tsagalis Christos C.
Published: September 2024

Chapter 6 argues that in the earlier version of Iliad 10 the target of Diomedes and Odysseus was Hector, who posed the greatest threat to the Achaeans. However, because of the requirements set by the Trojan War myth, according to which Hector would remain alive for now, until he is killed by Achilles, Diomedes and Odysseus failed in their mission. Therefore, a great deed that would give courage to the Achaeans at this difficult time could only be achieved through the murder of another first-rank hero, whose loss would not harm the rest of the epic’s plot. It is suggested that this is why Rhesus was brought into the picture.
The Two Versions of the Rhesus Myth
Authors: Tsagalis Christos C.
Published: September 2024

Chapter 7 examines the Pindaric and oracle versions of the myth of Rhesus by a detailed analysis of the relevant sources that transmit them. The next step is the reconstruction of these versions through a reconsideration of various features that may have been included in them. The main argument is that the cyclic nature of the Rhesus myth was so dominant that one of its versions must have been included in an oral form of a pre-Homeric epic with a cyclic tinge known to the singer who introduced it to the Iliad. It is suggested that this oral epic included several events taking place after the death of Achilles and that the Rhesus episode was placed after the suicide of Ajax, when the Achaeans found themselves in a situation bearing a striking resemblance to the situation they are facing after Iliad 9. The withdrawal of Achilles from the war in the Iliad is parallel to his death at the end of the Aethiopis, since in both cases he is not fighting. The ensuing suicide of the other great Aeacid, Telamonian Ajax, in the Ilias parva deprives the Achaeans of their second-best hero too. The prevalent role of Diomedes and Odysseus in this epic, where they undertake various missions either separately (Diomedes brings Philoctetes from Lemnos and Odysseus brings Neoptolemus from Scyros to Troy) or jointly (the theft of the Palladium), creates the necessary poetic environment for the nesting of the Rhesus episode. This environment may have been a pre-Homeric oral epic tradition.
The Rhesus Story within the Cyclic and the Iliadic Tradition
Authors: Tsagalis Christos C.
Published: September 2024

Chapter 9 investigates the form and function of the cyclic features of the story of Rhesus and argues that it was part of pre-Homeric oral epic tradition. The similarities shared between the episode of Rhesus and those of late-arriving Achaean and pro-Trojan heroes such as Philoctetes, Eurypylus, Neoptolemus, and Coroebus make a case for its inclusion in an oral epic featuring both the events after the death of Achilles and the sack of Troy. This chapter also traces the process by which the Iliadic epic tradition replaced Hector with Rhesus in the plot of book 10, the changes that needed to be made because of this substitution, and the impact this shaping had on the Doloneia and the Iliad.
Introduction
Authors: Fowler Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

The introduction describes poems as collaborations between the sensible (the perceptible properties of artifacts) and the sensate (our perceiving flesh) and treats poetry as one among many arts that engineer such collaboration. All art intertwines the hypothetical and the real and so alters our experience of sensation and presence. Engaging with art, we develop habitus and situate ourselves within social life. The introduction initiates a practical criticism of what medieval rhetoricians called the “ductus” of art and gives an account of how poems, in particular, offer us invitations to move, feel, and think in a shaped sequence of experience. We are apt to miss art’s interactivity in our haste to translate its processes into meaning, but art without its interactive ductus would give us no experience to interpret. The ductility of poetry becomes more visible as this book compares it with the ductility of the built environment. The introduction considers the hammer, prayer tree, reliquary, door, landscape, monument, and Seamus Heaney’s “The Wishing Tree” in the course of framing a theory of art as a ductile, ritual interactivity in which we create ourselves and re-create our cultures.
Two Aspects of Virtual Space
Authors: Fowler Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

Chapter 1 of Part One, Station, is concerned with how powerfully art strives to orient its viewers, readers, and inhabitants in space. Extending J. L. Austin’s account of performativity to an analysis of art’s spatiality, this essay begins a central project of the book: to describe the action that is embedded in artifacts. Art speaks directly to the instincts and senses, and it also employs the sophisticated conventions humans have developed, entangling the real with the virtual. As we move through the built environment, we draw on our achieved expertise in negotiating its complex instructions to us. Like architecture, poetry draws on this expertise in striking ways, incorporating both propositional space—the focus of most criticism (what is the meaning of the window?)—and ductile space (what does the window invite us to do?). The spatiality of art is mixed and active, engaging us in a process of orientation. It habituates us to practices of spatiality we take into the world. With wit and joy, the poet’s dream encounter with a gate in Chaucer’s “Parliament of Fowls” differentiates and combines propositional and ductile experiences, revealing how well art is designed to engage us in action and to lead us to the experience of Austinian perlocution.
The Potential Energy of the Artifact
Authors: Fowler Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

Part Two, Motion, turns from accounts of configured, orienting space to a stronger assertion of art’s interactivity, performativity, and action. Chapter 3 asks, how does art generate action? Art’s ductus moves us within its mixed spatiality. Like mystics before him and like Milton, for example, W. B. Yeats layers spatiality at different scales. “The Lake Isle of Innisfree” links the human body to the landscape and to even larger, planetary forms, offering to incorporate a station in the reader’s body. Heaney’s “Lightenings xii,” “Personal Helicon,” “Clearances VIII,” and “Station Island III” use similarly complex spatialities to move his readers to experience various relations between pain and bliss and to draw on religious ritual both skeptically and meaningfully. Keats’s “Ode to Psyche,” too, juxtaposes incompatible spatial scales; in it, the station becomes an instrument of reparation. These poems respond to injury by cultivating a devotional stance and generating a series of actions that are designed to tie us to place, to make us at home in stations, and, by means of the rituals of poetry, to enable us to conjure their movements in our bodies.
Drug-induced body disownership
Authors: Millière Raphaël
Published: September 2024

This chapter examines the debate on the phenomenology of body ownership—the putative experience of one’s body as one’s own. Proponents argue that this phenomenology exists and that it explains reports from pathological conditions and bodily illusions, but these reports face interpretative challenges. In this chapter, drug-induced experiences wherein subjects report ‘disownership’ of their body parts or whole body are considered. Unlike patient reports, these are from healthy people, with detailed descriptions obtained in controlled settings. Reports that describe subjective transitions between the experience of owning and disowning one’s body provide novel tentative evidence for the view that ordinary experience involves a phenomenology of ownership that can be disrupted. While such evidence is not definitive, the debate could benefit from paying closer attention to drug-induced states. Disentangling the multi-faceted bodily effects of psychoactive compounds could further illuminate whether body ownership is a component of ordinary bodily awareness.
Freedom Soldiers
Authors: Lande Jonathan
Published: September 2024

Freedom Soldiers follows the lives of once-enslaved soldiers as they fought for the US Army during the US Civil War and decamped in their ongoing struggle to become free. Undoing the many vestiges of slavery was a protracted process, which unfolded amid a bloody war. Thousands on this rocky road of liberation entered the US Army, where the process of emancipation continued. To engage the process and influence their evolving bonds with the US government, the enlisted freedom seekers examined in Freedom Soldiers used their feet and words to fashion their lives after slavery. They took self-granted breaks—or “leaves of freedom.” Many then defended their actions within the military justice system. These men, deemed deserters by the US Army, saw mobility as a crucial tool for shaping their lives after slavery. If tried and incarcerated for deserting, they defended their actions. They saw their unauthorized departures as legitimate means of redressing unacceptable restraints in the army. Freedom Soldiers reveals that the war for freedom was not only fought on battlefields. It was also fought in US Army camps, courts, and prisons.