bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obtaining friction pairs of mechanical seals made of composite material of the TiC-SiC system
Authors: Kachenyuk M. N , Smetkin A. A , Somov O. V
Published: September 2019

The development of new materials and coatings with increased wear resistance, used in friction pairs, is an urgent task. Its solution is aimed at ensuring reliability and dependability of work during operation. One of the new and promising functional materials for the manufacture of dense and durable parts and products subjected to intensive wear during operation is the powder material of the TiC-SiC system, ob-tained by an energy-saving and more productive than hot pressing method - spark plasma sintering (SPS). The aim of the work was to obtain and study experimental samples of friction pairs made of a composite material of the TiC-SiC system by the method of mechanical activation and SPS. The goal is aimed at solving problems of increasing the service life of the mechanical seal of the centrifugal pump 16-08-140SP diesel engine cooling system D-160 (180) for the tractor T10. The processes of consolidation of powder mixtures, including containing aluminum oxide. It has been established that the introduction of aluminum oxide prevents compaction during sintering and increases the porosity of the material. The optimum sintering temperature corresponds to 1350 °C. The resulting material has high hardness and wear resistance. Parts of a friction pair for a pump mechanical seal were manufactured and tested. Bench tests of parts showed that the wear rate with dry friction is 4,49 ∙ 10-9 mm of wear / mm of the friction path. When working in the coolant, there is an additional burnin, which reduces wear, friction coefficient and increases the tightness of the mechanical seal. The developed material has an earnability, so the surface is smoothed during operation, which is not typical of other ceramics of this purpose.
Method of improving the service properties of the plowshare frame using abrasion-resistant surfacing materials and polymer composites
Authors: Mihal'chenkov A. M , Mihal'chenkova M. A , Petrakov M. A , Gucan A. A
Published: September 2019

The presence of intensive cultivation of agricultural crops in modern agriculture contributes to the in-creased wear rate of plowshares due to high plowing speeds. The use of well-known hardening methods is reduced to the use of hard alloys as coatings for working surfaces, which currently does not allow that currently does not allow to achieve a significant increase in the resource of the ploughshares, especially their frame (if the ploughshare is composite). The reason for this is the absence of an anti-abrasive coating over the entire volume of the friction surface of the part, which limits the working condition, which reaches 50 or more millimeters (undercutting-blade area). Such a significant value allows the use of various technological options to improve the resistance to abrasive wear, including the use of abrasion-resistant materials of different nature. Therefore, the task was to develop and test in real conditions the hardening technology, which provides a significant increase in abrasive resistance and durability, while maintaining the geometric parameters established by the technical conditions when performing agrotechnical requirements for tillage. The proposed technological process of hardening consists in surfacing the blade on the back side of the frame of the composite plowshare with a hard alloy. On the working surface, two rollers of increased hardness are formed along the edges of the blade and undercut areas, and the gap between them is filled with a glue-resin abrasive resistant composite. In this case, the entire area of the working surface (friction surface) of the undercutting-blade part is covered by reinforcing coatings (weld metal and composite). As a result of testing the developed hardening technology with the use of high-hardness alloys and an abrasion-resistant epoxy-based polymer composite with gravel filler, the durability of parts was increased by a factor of 1,6 compared with factory-made components.
Improvement of quality indicators of machines for post-harvest grain processing
Authors: Tsedashiev Ts. V , Eltoshkina E. V
Published: September 2019

The key place in agricultural production of Russia is given to production of grain. Unacceptably high level of losses of grain at various stages of its production, beginning from cultivation and finishing with postharvest processing, has negative impact on volumes and economy of grain farm. For creation of cooling installation of grain, to the meeting high requirements the test piece is developed and made. For creation of cooling installation of grain, to the meeting high requirements the test piece is developed and made. To confirm theoretical prerequisites there was a need of carrying out the pilot studies. An important link in this number of tasks is obtaining various experienced dependences, including criteria. As a result of the conducted pilot studies for confirmation of analytical calculations the dependences allowing to receive quality indicators of process when functioning the pilot unit are received. This knowledge significantly expands information content borders in the field of technical means and technologies of mechanization of postharvest processing of grain. What promotes development and design of the cars working at the innovative principles.
Evaluation of the impact of technological processes
Authors: Rudenko N. E , Kulaev E. V , Rudenko V. N , Nosov I. A
Published: September 2019

The analysis and the results showed that the technological process depends on several factors: the coefficient of variation of depth of seeding, the frequency of single-seed feed, the degree of soil crumbling, the degree of removal of moist soil to the surface, etc. There is no integral indicator for assessing the quality of technological process performance. To solve this problem, an analytical dependence of the performance indicator is proposed. It takes into account all the determining factors for each process. The performance indicator has a digital value from 0,4 to 0,9, which determines the quality of the technological process: unsatisfactory, satisfactory, good. In addition, it is possible to clearly identify the factors, which increase the performance indicator, that need to be improved.
ANALISIS KONTRIBUSI DAN EFEKTIVITAS PAJAK HOTEL DAN RESTORAN TERHADAP PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH
Authors: R Isnaini Nur , TS Kartika Hendra , Samrotun Yuli Chomsatu Samrotun
Published: September 2019

Regional Original Income is revenue from collection of local taxes, regional retribution, management of separated regional wealth and other income. Hotel tax and restaurant tax are included in local taxes. Hotels and restaurants are potential sectors because their growth from year to year shows a significant increase that can spur the economic development of Surakarta City. The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution and level of effectiveness of hotel tax and restaurant tax on PAD in Surakarta City. The research was conducted at the Surakarta City Financial and Asset Management Revenue Agency. The analytical method used is descriptive method that is analyzing data on hotel tax realization and restaurant tax from 2013-2017. The overall results of hotel tax receipts and restaurant taxes contributed significantly to PAD. Whereas the level of effectiveness of hotel tax receipts and restaurant taxes in Surakarta City from 2013-2017 varied but, almost as a whole, were very effective with levels ranging from more than 100%.
Perfil de Utilização de Imunossupressores para Profilaxia de Doença Enxerto Versus Hospedeiro em Pacientes Submetidos ao Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoiéticas
Authors: Silva Luna Clara França da , Martins Carolina Lopes , Tofani Andrea Almeida
Published: September 2019

Introdução: Imunossupressores apresentam alta toxicidade associada à estreita faixa terapêutica, devendo ter controle de níveis séricos. Assim, é necessário o estudo de utilização de medicamentos em clínicas que os utilizam, fornecendo uma visão geral de seu consumo e uso racional em uma dada população. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil de utilização de imunossupressores para profilaxia de doença enxerto versus hospedeiro em pacientes submetidos ao transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas, em um centro de transplante de medula óssea. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal. Os imunossupressores utilizados em 2017 foram classificados segundo um sistema de classificação internacional, seu consumo expresso em Dose Diária Definida e seus protocolos analisados segundo as Diretrizes para profilaxia de doença enxerto contra hospedeiro do Consenso da Sociedade Brasileira de Transplante de Medula Óssea de 2015. Resultados: O regime de condicionamento mieloablativo foi o mais frequente (51,7%). O protocolo de imunossupressão mais prescrito foi ciclosporina com metotrexato (37,9%). Dos 29 pacientes elegíveis, 23 (79,3%) tiveram protocolos seguindo recomendações do consenso de 2015. Metotrexato, ciclosporina intravenosa e micofenolato foram responsáveis por 85,64% do consumo. Conclusão: Nesse trabalho, só foi possível identificar um perfil de uso de imunossupressores e realizar comparações dentro da instituição devido à escassez de estudos de utilização desses medicamentos. Portanto, novos estudos devem ser realizados a fim de promover seu uso racional e elaborar políticas públicas com acesso a esses medicamentos.
Perancangan Perancangan In Store Media Sebagai Inovasi Media Promosi Couple Distro
Authors: Kusumasari Adita Ayu
Published: September 2019

The development of the fashion business is currently experiencing rapid development. This was marked by profileration of innovative and quality fashion products and a variety of loyal fashion followers. A paradigm shifts towards the function of clothing occurs, clothing function does not only to cover and protect the body, but as a reflection of personality, lifestyle, and social status. This has a broad impact on the fashion industry in Indonesia, especially distros. The word distro stands for various kinds of fashion products. Couple Distro is on of the distro located in Malang City. The TOWS method is used to analyze data that has been collected and will be used as a concept for design. The purpose of this study was to design t-shir hang tags, hang tag accessories, shirt hangers, business cards, sales notes, packagin boxes, stuffler, shopping bags, flyers, flyer dispensers, pins, mini banners, x banners, poster in stores, in store catalog, store assistant uniform, cashier table design, room fittings, window display, interior display, and exterior tabel
Bibliologia i informatologia w naukach o komunikacji społecznej i mediach – odrębność czy komplementarność?
Authors: Koredczuk Bożena , Woźniak-Kasperek Jadwiga
Published: September 2019

Cel/teza: Tezą artykułu jest potwierdzenie potrzeby i możliwości zachowania specyfiki badań ukierunkowanych na książkę i informację w warunkach nowej klasyfikacji dziedzin nauki i dyscyplin naukowych. Metody badań: Wykorzystano metodę analizy i krytyki piśmiennictwa. Wyniki i wnioski: Autorki opowiadają się za zachowaniem specyfiki i odrębności problematyki badawczej ukierunkowanej na książkę i informację, przy jednoczesnym poszukiwaniu nowych, wspólnych obszarów i sposobów rozwiązywania problemów badawczych we współpracy z badaczami reprezentującymi nauki o komunikacji społecznej i mediach. Wartość poznawcza: Artykuł włącza się w dyskusję naukową zainicjowaną wypowiedzią Marka Jabłonowskiego i Tomasza Mielczarka Komunikowanie społeczne i media – federacja, a nie inkorporacja („Studia Medioznawcze” 2018, (4) 75, 13–29) nad nową klasyfikacją dziedzin nauki i dyscyplin naukowych oraz dyscyplin artystycznych.
Transformation of the Institute of advocacy and processes of legal professionalization in post-Soviet Russia
Authors: Maslovskaya Elena
Published: September 2019

The article analyzes from the perspective of the theory of juridical field the process of institutional professionalization of advocates in post-Soviet Russia. The author makes a conclusion that the emergence of new institutional and individual actors of the juridical field fascilitated the formation of various interests and approaches to delivery of juridical services. In spite of the formation in the early 2000s of a single organizational structure of the advocates’ community this community remains divided and stratified. In some aspects of their activities the advocates try to defend their professional autonomy. Nevertheless, in the situation of internal conflicts the Soviet-style model of interaction between the Bar and the state is actualized. Juridical professionalization of organizations defending the rights of vulnerable groups is regarded as structured by unequal access to material and symbolic resources. Special attention is devoted by the author to formation in such organizations of an alternative form of professionalization of human rights lawyers with the potential to change their juridical habitus and create a specific identity that combines elements of human rights activism and legal professionalism.
PARAMETRIC EVALUATION OF THE PLASTIC DEFORMATION CAPACITY OF FIBER REINFORCED POLYMERS CONFINED SQUARE AND RECTANGULAR COLUMNS
Authors: TORE E. , YAVAS A.
Published: September 2019

Confinement with fiber reinforced polymers of reinforced concrete columns is promising retrofit solution for improving ductility of existing structure. In the study, plastic deformation capacityof fiber reinforced polymers confined square and rectangular reinforced concrete columns were parametrically evaluated. Recently released seismic strengthening recommendations of American Concrete Institute were considered for calculating plastic rotation of specified columns. Fiber reinforced polymers confined concrete model provided by the design guideline was utilized for calculating moment curvature relationship of fiber reinforced polymers confined reinforced concrete columns. Numerous sectional analysis was performed with combination of various parameters (concrete strength, axial load ratio and number of fiber reinforced polymers plies). Plastic rotations of columns were determined with plastic part of the curvature and plastic hinge length for evaluating the effects of parameters on plastic deformation capacity.
КОМПЛЕКСНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТЕХНІЧНОГО СТАНУ КОНСТРУКЦІЙ МОСТУ ЧЕРЕЗ Р. ДЕСЕНКУ В М.КИЄВІ
Authors: ГОЛОВКО Р.О. , ДУБОВИК С.О. , ЗЕЛЕНКО Є.В. , КОЛУМБЕТ Л.В. , ЛІСЕНИЙ О.М.
Published: September 2019

Викладено основні результати комплексного спеціального обстеження мосту через р. Десенку в м. Києві, що входить до комплексу споруд Північного мостового переходу і забезпечує транспортне з'єднання лівого та правого берегів Дніпра у північній частині міста. Міст експлуатується понад 40 років. Конструкції мосту, окрім прямого призначення, використовуються як опорні елементи для пропуску трубопроводів водогону та теплопостачання.При комплексному обстеженні виявлено численні пошкодження залізобетонних опор, конструкцій прогонових будов та кінцевих ділянок, а також опорних металевих конструкційв міжбалочному просторі. Перевірні розрахунки несучої здатності та вантажопідйомності елементів мосту з урахуванням зафіксованих дефектів і по-шкоджень, а також визначення залишкового ресурсу конструкцій мосту показали, що міст придатний до подальшої експлуатації: загальний експлуатаційний стан категорії 4 – «обмежено працездатний».Частина елементів конструкцій мосту потребує капітального ремонту відповідно до спеціально розробленого проекту при обов’язковому науково-технічному супроводі як проекту, так і ремонтних робіт. Також є необхідність у забезпеченні циклічних спостережень за станом конструкцій мосту.
РИЗИКИ ТА ДЕФЕКТИ СТИКУВАННЯ АРМАТУРНИХ СТРИЖНІВ ОПРЕСОВУВАННЯМ МУФТ
Authors: ЖАРКО Л.О. , ТАРАСЮК В.Г. , ОВЧАР В.П. , БОРЕЦЬКА Н.С. , БЄЛОКОНЬ А.М. , ТАЩИЛОВА А.О.
Published: September 2019

У будівництві з монолітного залізобетону актуальна проблема стикування арматури довгомірних конструкцій через обмеженість довжини стрижнів, безвідходності арматури та проблем зі зварюваністю сталей. Розглянуто ризики та дефекти виконання механічних з’єднань арматурних стрижнів за досвідом їх випробування навантаженням на розтяг для оцінки можливості використання таких з’єднань у монолітних залізобетонних конструкціях. Ризики з’єднання стрижнів опресовуванням муфт визначаються порушеннямитехнічних умов на з’єднувальні муфти, підготовки торців стрижнів, обладнання для пресування та умови опресовування муфти. Окрім геометричних обмежень відповідностей стрижням, що стикуються, муфт і обладнання, важливими є властивості самих муфт (безмовність, якісна сталь марок 10, 15, 20, твердість за Брінеллем не більше 150), підготовка торців стрижнів, параметри опресування, під час яких змінюється структура сталі муфти. При опресуванні середини муфти при розтягу з’єднання стрижнів розрив відбувається по ній. При недостатній пластичності матеріалу муфти відбувається її поздовжній розрив. Пропонується для зменшення ризиків та можливих дефектів опресовування муфт імплантувати в Україні стандарти ISO 5835, забезпечувати відповідну кваліфікацію персоналу, надавати особливу увагу марці і твердості сталі муфт, забезпечувати надійну систему якості робіт.
СУЧАСНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ДОМОБУДУВАННЯ ТА ПРОБЛЕМИ СЕЙСМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ЗАБУДОВИ МІСТ В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНО- АЗІАТСЬКОМУ РЕГІОНІ
Authors: ХАКИМОВ Ш.А. , ІСМАІЛОВ В.А. , ІБРАГІМОВ А.Х.
Published: September 2019

В статті наводиться досвід удосконалення технології та проблеми оцінки сейсмічної безпеки забудови міст в центральному Азіатському регіоні. Результати отримані з досвіду Узбекистану стосовно підвищення сейсмостійкості збірних залізобетонних конструкцій житлових будівель. Враховується досвід будівництва каркасних будівель, надійність котрих раніше перевірялась експериментально для різних сейсмічних районів. Виходячи з класифікації конструктивных типів будівель, що виконана б. ТашЗНДІЕП Узбекистану, та інженерному аналізі наслідків землетрусів в Центрально-Азіатському регіоні, показано, що рівень сейсмостійкості будівель сучасної забудови на 1 – 2 бала нижче за проектний. Це зумовлено тим, що нові конструктивні системи цегельних будівель висотою 7 – 9 поверхів, що застосовуються на практиці, не відповідають сейсмостійкості, зумовленій вимогами норм з сейсмостійкого будівництва Республіки Узбекистану КМК 2.01.03-96.В пропозиціях вказується на необхідності удосконалення карт загального сейсмічного районування (ЗСР) при належному серйозному обґрунтуванні.Наведено спектри коливань двоповерхової каркасно-панельної будівлі та встановлені межі сейсмічних впливів в заданому діапазоні частот (рис. 4).
ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЙНОЇ ПРИДАТНОСТІ ЗГИНАНИХ ЗАЛІЗОБЕТОННИХ КОНСТРУКЦІЙ ПОПЕРЕДНЬО НАПРУЖЕНИМИ ФІБРОАРМОВАНИМИ ПЛАСТИКАМИ
Authors: БЕСПАЄВ А.А. , КУРАЛОВ У.С. , АЛТИГЕНОВ У.Б. , ДОСАЕВ Н.Г.
Published: September 2019

Пропонується спосіб відновлення експлуатаційної придатності згинаних залізобетонних конструкцій, що мають підвищені прогини і надмірне розкриття тріщин. Сучасні методи підсилення шляхом поверхневого наклеювання композитних фіброармованих пластиків на розтягнуту зону експлуатованих залізобетонних конструкцій підвищують міцність і жорсткість підсилюваних елементів, але не зменшують прогини і ширину розкриття тріщин. Для відновлення експлуатаційної придатності пошкоджених залізобетонних конструкцій пропонується попереднє напруження, що застосовують для підсилення фіброармованих пластиків, яке забезпечується створенням в пошкоджених елементах тимчасового будівельного підйому. Фіброармовані пластики наклеюються на розтягнуту зону наклеюваних елементів і після набору міцності клейових складів залізобетоннаконструкція опускається і прагне прийняти вихідне положення, створюючи попереднє напруження фіброармированих пластиків. Це призводить до зниження прогинів посиленої залізобетонної конструкції і зменшення ширини розкриття існуючих тріщин.У Казахстані більше десятка великих об’єктів посилено за допомогою посилення попередньо напруженими композитними матеріалами, що підвищило не тільки їх міцність і жорсткість, а й відповідно їх експлуатаційну придатність. У статті наведені заходи посилення цим способом різних будівель в місті Алмати і відомості щодо залізобетонних конструкцій на всіх етапах посилення.
ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ СЕЙСМОСТІЙКОСТІ ВИСОТНОЇ БУДІВЛІ ЗА РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМИ ІНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНИХ ТА ДИНАМІЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ
Authors: МАР’ЄНКОВ М.Г. , БАБІК К.М. , БОГДАН Д.В. , НЕДЗВЕДСЬКА О.Г. , ГЛУХОВСЬКИЙ В.П. , САМОЙЛЕНКО С.М.
Published: September 2019

Згідно ДБН В.1.1-12-2014 «Будівництво у сейсмічних районах України» поверховість будівель з безригельним каркасом не може перевищувати 12 поверхів, тому було проведено обгрунтування сейсмостійкості багатоповерхової будівлі на прикладі 23-поверхової будівлі, що запроектована за схемою безригельного монолітного залізобетонного каркасу з діафрагмами та ядрами жорсткості. В ході досліджень здійснено: визначення однорідності та міцності бетону ультразвуковим методом, визначення параметрів армуваннямагнітним методом, запис вібропискорень та визначення переважаючих частот горизонтальних коливань будівлі, розроблена просторова кінцевоелементна модель 23-поверхової будівлі. Також разроблена Програма науково-технічного супроводу згідно діючим в Україні державним будівельним нормам.Інструментальні та динамічні дослідження конструкцій будівлі виконані після зведення 16-го, 18-го, 20-го, 22-го та 23-го поверхів. Дослідні дані підтвердили, що на вказаних поверхах міцність бетону в окремих колонах, діафрагмах та плитах перекриття на один клас нижче проектної, що було враховано при розрахунках комп`ютерної моделі будівлі. Зареєстровані максимальні амплітуди горизонтальних віброприскорень верху будинку нижче допустимого значення 8 см/с2 для висотних будинків.Перевірочні розрахунки підтвердили, що несуча здатність будівлі з фактичною міцністю бетону та арматури забезпечена, а максимальні перекоси поверхів не перевищують допустимих значень. Фактичний відсоток армування несучих елементів допускає розвиток пластичних деформацій арматури при землетрусах, що вказує на достатню надійністьбудівлі при сейсмічних впливах інтенсивністю до 8 балів включно.
Правове забезпечення документального контролю за обігом зброї та вибухових матеріалів в Україні
Authors: Єрофеєв М.І.
Published: September 2019

У статті розглянуто особливості документального обліку руху зброї та вибухових матеріалів у суспільстві, акцентовано увагу на значенні облікових та інших документів, що є носіями інформації про поводження зі зброєю та вибуховими матеріалами різними суб’єктами, для організації контролю та розслідування правопорушень у цій сфері. Запропоновано класифікацію документів, які дають уявлення про суб’єктів поводження зі зброєю, рух зброї та вибухових матеріалів, їх використання (застосування).
Зарубіжний досвід державно-приватного партнерства та можливості його впровадження в космічній галузі України
Authors: Малишева Н.Р. , Гурова А.М.
Published: September 2019

У статті проведено огляд програмних документів космічного та господарського законодавств країн Європи, США, а також права Європейського Союзу у сфері державно-приватного партнерства в космічній галузі. Зокрема, проаналізовано такі договірні форми, як концесія, спільна діяльність, трансфер об’єктів інтелектуальної власності тощо, а також інституційні механізми встановлення співпраці публічних і приватних суб’єктів, а саме: Tipping Point (США) та «Спільні технологічні ініціативи», однією з яких є ініціатива у сфері аеронавтики та повітряного транспорту «Clean Sky» (ЄС). У підсумку виокремлено кілька аспектів, які було б доцільно запозичити для розвитку державно-приватного партнерства у вітчизняній космічній галузі.
Застосування новітніх технологій для попередження та профілактики злочинів
Authors: Христьян А. О.
Published: September 2019

У статті з’ясовано значення технічних засобів для попередження, розкриття та профілактики злочинів. Наведено статистичні дані щодо аналізу стану злочинності в Україні за 2018 рік, а також подано технічні засоби профілактики злочинів. Зазначено про необхідність впровадження в Україні позитивного досвіду зарубіжних країн у застосуванні новітніх технологій.
Barns delaktighet i förskolans dokumentation
Authors: Elfström Pettersson Katarina
Published: September 2019

I många förskolor brottas man med frågan om hur barnen kan bli eller göras delaktiga i förskolans dokumentation. Pedagogisk dokumentation anses ofta vara ett sätt att göra barn delaktiga. Min studie visar att barn inte nödvändigtvis blir delaktiga bara för att man använder pedagogisk dokumentation, utan att de kan bli mer eller mindre delaktiga oavsett vilken dokumentationsmetod som används.
Associations between Pre-Slaughter and Post-Slaughter Indicators of Animal Welfare in Cull Cows
Authors: Sánchez-Hidalgo Melissa , Rosenfeld Carla , Gallo Carmen
Published: September 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the welfare of cull cows in a slaughtering plant, using indicators of health on arrival and indicators of handling during the stunning process. These pre-slaughter indicators were associated with post-slaughter indicators of the same cows, such as carcass bruising and condemnations. Transport staff surveys showed that all drivers had been trained on animal welfare. All loads of cows came directly from farms and had an average transport duration of 5 h 22 min. Indicators were registered in 237 cows during unloading at the slaughterhouse and in the stunning box. Bruises and condemnations were recorded post-slaughter in the carcasses of the same cows. Results at arrival showed that 48% of the cows had low body condition, 50% had mammary problems, and 24% suffered from lameness. During stunning, 16% of cows needed a second shot, and 54% exceeded the 60 s established as a recommended interval between stunning and bleeding. During the post-slaughter evaluation, 50% of the carcasses had more than two bruises and 70.46% had a bruise severity score different from zero. Low body condition was a risk factor to increase the severity of bruises; low body condition and mammary problems increased carcass condemnations; the stunning process indicators were not statistically associated with the severity of the bruises. For cull cows the main animal welfare issue originates at farm level.
Oxidative Stress in Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) Mechanism and Biomarkers
Authors: Signorelli Salvatore Santo , Scuto Salvatore , Marino Elisa , Xourafa Anastasia , Gaudio Agostino
Published: September 2019

Hemodynamic dysfunction mainly characterizes pathophysiology of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) leading to chronic ischemia. Hemodynamic dysfunction is the origin of intermittent claudication (chronic PAD) or of critical limb ischemia (very severe PAD). Notably, it is well known that oxidative stress (OxS) plays a pathophysiological role in PAD. The higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from OxS and reduced redox capability are two crucial players in initiating and progressing PAD. A number of biomarkers highlight OxS and monitor it in PAD. The present review summarizes data on OxS, on biomarkers available to mark OxS occurrence and to monitor on PAD progression, as well as to evaluate the effects treatments in PAD patients. In conclusion, by detailing OxS and its biomarkers, we hope to encourage more studies to focus on drugs which combat OxS and inflammation.
Investigation of a Promoted You Only Look Once Algorithm and Its Application in Traffic Flow Monitoring
Authors: Cao Chang-Yu , Zheng Jia-Chun , Huang Yi-Qi , Liu Jing , Yang Cheng-Fu
Published: September 2019

We propose a high-performance algorithm while using a promoted and modified form of the You Only Look Once (YOLO) model, which is based on the TensorFlow framework, to enhance the real-time monitoring of traffic-flow problems by an intelligent transportation system. Real-time detection and traffic-flow statistics were realized by adjusting the network structure, optimizing the loss function, and introducing weight regularization. This model, which we call YOLO-UA, was initialized based on the weight of a YOLO model pre-trained while using the VOC2007 data set. The UA-CAR data set with complex weather conditions was used for training, and better model parameters were selected through tests and subsequent adjustments. The experimental results showed that, for different weather scenarios, the accuracy of the YOLO-UA was ~22% greater than that of the YOLO model before optimization, and the recall rate increased by about 21%. On both cloudy and sunny days, the accuracy, precision, and recall rate of the YOLO-UA model were more than 94% above the floating rate, which suggested that the precision and recall rate achieved a good balance. When used for video testing, the YOLO-UA model yielded traffic statistics with an accuracy of up to 100%; the time to count the vehicles in each frame was less than 30 ms and it was highly robust in response to changes in scenario and weather.
Life-Cycle Assessment of the Substitution of Sand with Coal Bottom Ash in Concrete: Two Concrete Design Methods
Authors: Pushkar Svetlana
Published: September 2019

Life-cycle assessments (LCAs) were conducted to evaluate the replacement of sand with coal bottom ash (CBA) in concrete. CBA is a byproduct of coal-fueled electricity production. Sand was replaced with CBA at proportions of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 wt.%, and the resultant concretes were denoted as CBA0, CBA25, CBA50, CBA75, and CBA100, respectively. Two concrete mixture design methods (that resulted in different component qualities of concrete mixtures) were used: (i) Mixture with a fixed slump (MIX-fixed-SLUMP) and (ii) mixture with a fixed water/cement ratio (MIX-fixed-W/C). The ReCiPe2016 midpoint and single score (six methodological options) methods were followed to compare the environmental damage caused by the CBA-based concretes. The ReCiPe2016 results showed that replacing sand with CBA was environmentally (i) beneficial with the MIX-fixed-SLUMP design and (ii) harmful with the MIX-fixed-W/C design. Therefore, using CBA as a partial sand replacement in concrete production is a controversial issue as it highly depends on the concrete mixture design method.
Cancers after Chornobyl: From Epidemiology to Molecular Quantification
Authors: Bazyka Dimitry , Gudzenko Natalya , Dyagil Iryna , Ilienko Iryna , Belyi David , Chumak Vadim , Prysyazhnyuk Anatoly , Bakhanova Elena
Published: September 2019

An overview and new data are presented from cancer studies of the most exposed groups of the population after the Chornobyl accident, performed at the National Research Center for Radiation Medicine (NRCRM). Incidence rates of solid cancers were analyzed for the 1990–2016 period in cleanup workers, evacuees, and the general population from the contaminated areas. In male cleanup workers, the significant increase in rates was demonstrated for cancers in total, leukemia, lymphoma, and thyroid cancer, as well as breast cancer rates were increased in females. Significantly elevated thyroid cancer incidence was identified in the male cleanup workers cohort (150,813) in 1986–2012 with an overall standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 3.35 (95% CI: 2.91–3.80). A slight decrease in incidence rates was registered starting at 25 years after exposure. In total, 32 of 57 deaths in a group of cleanup workers with confirmed acute radiation syndrome (ARS) or not confirmed ARS (ARS NC) were due to blood malignancies or cancer. Molecular studies in cohort members included gene expression and polymorphism, FISH, relative telomere length, immunophenotype, micronuclei test, histone H2AX, and TORCH infections. Analysis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cases from the cohort showed more frequent mutations in telomere maintenance pathway genes as compared with unexposed CLL patients.
Cutaneous Metastases in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Otsuka Isao
Published: September 2019

Skin metastases in ovarian cancer are uncommon, but their incidence may be increasing due to improved survival rates. Skin metastases can be divided into umbilical metastases, which are known as Sister Joseph nodules (SJNs) and are associated with peritoneal metastasis, and non-SJN skin metastases, which usually develop within surgical scars and in the vicinity of superficial lymphadenopathy. As most skin metastases develop after specific conditions, recognition of preceding metastatic diseases and prior treatments is necessary for early diagnosis of skin lesions. The prognosis of skin metastases in ovarian cancer varies widely since they are heterogeneous in the site of lesion and the time of appearance. Patients with SJNs at initial diagnosis and patients with surgical scar recurrences without concomitant metastases may have prolonged survival with a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. In patients who developed skin recurrences as a late manifestation, symptoms should be treated with external beam radiotherapy and immune response modifiers. Immune checkpoint blockade can enhance anti-tumor immunity and induce durable clinical responses in multiple tumor types, including advanced chemoresistant ovarian cancer. With the use of radiation therapy, which enhances the systemic anti-tumor immune response, immune checkpoint blockade may be a promising therapeutic strategy for distant metastasis, including skin metastasis.
The Impact of the Epigenetic Cancer Drug Azacitidine on Host Immunity: The Role of Myelosuppression, Iron Overload and tp53 Mutations in a Zebrafish Model
Authors: Wang Shu-Ching , Wu Ching-Tse , Wu Dong-Yu , Chen Caleb Gon-Shen , Chang Kuo-Ming , Chang Chien-Chung
Published: September 2019

The unsatisfactory real-world efficacy of the hypomethylating agent azacitidine in treating myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has prompted us to investigate the hematological adverse events and host variables that may compromise the use of this epigenetic drug. Using the zebrafish, we found that azacitidine destroyed their myeloid precursors and impaired myeloid function by inhibiting antigen processing, allogeneic response and phagocytic activity, resulting in increased susceptibility to infection even by the normal flora E. coli. In addition, iron overload, a MDS-associated condition following repeated transfusions, exacerbated bacterial infection especially by V. vulnificus with known iron dependence. Furthermore, we show that the tp53M214K mutant zebrafish survived longer than the wild-type (WT) when challenged with bacteria following azacitidine treatment. This was attributed to the mutant’s hematopoietic cells rather than its general genetic background, since the WT animals reconstituted with the tp53M214K mutant kidney marrow became more resistant to bacterial infection following treatment with azacitidine. The clinical relevance of our findings was indicated by a MDS case with severe azacitidine-induced bone marrow suppression and by the association of hyperferritinemia with bacteremia in azacitidine-treated patients, while tp53M214K-mediated resistance to azacitidine-induced myelosuppression may explain the survival advantage of malignant MDS and AML clones over their normal counterparts under azacitidine treatment. Together, we propose that myelosuppression, iron overload and TP53 mutations may represent the host variables that compromise the azacitidine efficacy.
An Integrated Photonic Electric-Field Sensor Utilizing a 1 × 2 YBB Mach-Zehnder Interferometric Modulator with a Titanium-Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguide and a Dipole Patch Antenna
Authors: Jung Hongsik
Published: September 2019

We studied photonic electric-field sensors using a 1 × 2 YBB-MZI modulator composed of two complementary outputs and a 3 dB directional coupler based on the electro-optic effect and titanium diffused lithium–niobate optical waveguides. The measured DC switching voltage and extinction ratio at the wavelength 1.3 μm were ~16.6 V and ~14.7 dB, respectively. The minimum detectable fields were ~1.12 V/m and ~3.3 V/m, corresponding to the ~22 dB and ~18 dB dynamic ranges of ~10 MHz and 50 MHz, respectively, for an rf power of 20 dBm. The sensor shows an almost linear response to the applied electric-field strength within the range of 0.29 V/m to 29.8 V/m.
Resilience-Oriented Optimal Operation Strategy of Active Distribution Network
Authors: Wang Jun , Zheng Xiaodong , Tai Nengling , Wei Wei , Li Lingfang
Published: September 2019

The ability to withstand extreme disasters has a profound impact on the distribution network operation. This paper proposes a novel optimal operation strategy for an active distribution network to enhance system resilience.. The objectives in the proposed optimal strategy include, the resilience, operation cost, and its pollutant emissions. According to the existence of uncontrollable distributed energy resources in the active distribution network, the problem which takes the uncertainty most into account, is this multi-objective optimization problem. Thus, it can be treated as a min-max dual robust optimization problem. Benders decomposition is employed to decouple the problem, then non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II is applied to search the multi-objective optimal solution which has an extremely low CPU time. The modified standard IEEE 34-node system, with different distributed energy resources types, is employed, as a studied case, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimal operation strategy. The simulation results illustrate that, compared to other economic-oriented robust optimal operation models, the proposed strategy can enhance system resilience without a significant increase in the operation cost and pollutant emissions.
A Nonlinear-Model-Based Observer for a State-of-Charge Estimation of a Lithium-Ion Battery in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Kim Woo-Yong , Lee Pyeong-Yeon , Kim Jonghoon , Kim Kyung-Soo
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a nonlinear-model-based observer for the state of charge estimation of a lithium-ion battery cell that always exhibits a nonlinear relationship between the state of charge and the open-circuit voltage. The proposed nonlinear model for the battery cell and its observer can estimate the state of charge without the linearization technique commonly adopted by previous studies. The proposed method has the following advantages: (1) The observability condition of the proposed nonlinear-model-based observer is derived regardless of the shape of the open circuit voltage curve, and (2) because the terminal voltage is contained in the state vector, the proposed model and its observer are insensitive to sensor noise. A series of experiments using an INR 18650 25R battery cell are performed, and it is shown that the proposed method produces convincing results for the state of charge estimation compared to conventional SOC estimation methods.
Study on Riblet Drag Reduction Considering the Effect of Sweep Angle
Authors: Zhang Yufei , Yin Yuhui
Published: September 2019

This study computationally evaluates the riblet drag reduction effect considering the effect of sweep angle. An implicit large eddy simulation is performed on a channel flow and an infinite swept wing. First, three different inclined angles between the riblets and the flow direction are tested in the channel flow. The results show that with increases in the inclined angle, the friction drag decreases, while the pressure drag increases approximately quadratically. The riblets with a 30° inclined angle increase the total drag of the channel flow. Then, an infinite wing with a 30° swept angle with and without riblets is studied. The riblets demonstrate satisfactory drag reduction efficiency because the cross flow over most parts of the wing is mild. The lift and friction drag follow the relation of the cosine law of a swept wing. Moreover, the cross flow and the turbulence fluctuation are suppressed by the riblets.
Power Oscillation Damping from Offshore Wind Farms Connected to HVDC via Diode Rectifiers
Authors: Saborío-Romano Oscar , Bidadfar Ali , Göksu Ömer , Zeni Lorenzo , Cutululis Nicolaos A.
Published: September 2019

Diode rectifiers (DRs) have elicited increasing interest from both industry and academia as a feasible alternative for connecting offshore wind farms (OWFs) to HVDC networks. However, before such technology is deployed, more studies are needed to assess the actual capabilities of DR-connected OWFs to contribute to the secure operation of the networks linked to them. This study assessed the capability of such an OWF to provide support to an onshore AC network by means of (active) power oscillation damping (POD). A semi-aggregated OWF representation was considered in order to examine the dynamics of each grid-forming wind turbine (WT) within a string when providing POD, while achieving reasonable simulation times. Simulation results corroborate that such an OWF can provide POD by means of OWF active power controls similar to those developed for OWFs connected to HVDC via voltage source converters, while its grid-forming WTs share the reactive power consumption/production and keep the offshore voltage frequency and magnitude within their normal operating ranges. Open-loop test results show that such capability can, however, be restricted at operating points corresponding to the lowest and highest values of active power output.
Backbone—An Adaptable Energy Systems Modelling Framework
Authors: Helistö Niina , Kiviluoma Juha , Ikäheimo Jussi , Rasku Topi , Rinne Erkka , O’Dwyer Ciara , Li Ran , Flynn Damian
Published: September 2019

Backbone represents a highly adaptable energy systems modelling framework, which can be utilised to create models for studying the design and operation of energy systems, both from investment planning and scheduling perspectives. It includes a wide range of features and constraints, such as stochastic parameters, multiple reserve products, energy storage units, controlled and uncontrolled energy transfers, and, most significantly, multiple energy sectors. The formulation is based on mixed-integer programming and takes into account unit commitment decisions for power plants and other energy conversion facilities. Both high-level large-scale systems and fully detailed smaller-scale systems can be appropriately modelled. The framework has been implemented as the open-source Backbone modelling tool using General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). An application of the framework is demonstrated using a power system example, and Backbone is shown to produce results comparable to a commercial tool. However, the adaptability of Backbone further enables the creation and solution of energy systems models relatively easily for many different purposes and thus it improves on the available methodologies.
Optimal Sizing and Operation of Electric and Thermal Storage in a Net Zero Multi Energy System
Authors: Bruno Sergio , Dicorato Maria , La Scala Massimo , Sbrizzai Roberto , Lombardi Pio Alessandro , Arendarski Bartlomiej
Published: September 2019

In this this paper, the optimal sizing of electric and thermal storage is applied to the novel definition of a net zero multi energy system (NZEMS). A NZMES is based on producing electricity exclusively from renewable energy sources (RES) and converting it into other energy forms to satisfy multiple energy needs of a community. Due to the intermittent nature of RES, storage resources are needed to increase the self-sufficiency of the system. Possible storage sizing choices are examined considering, on an annual basis, the solution of a predictive control problem aimed at optimizing daily operation. For each day of the year, a predictive control problem is formulated and solved, aimed at minimizing operating costs. Electric, thermal, and (electric) transportation daily curves and expected RES production are assessed by means of a model that includes environmental parameters. Test results, based on the energy model of a small rural village, show expected technical-economic performance of different planning solutions, highlighting how the renewable energy mix influences the choice of both thermal and electric storage, and how self-sufficiency can affect the overall cost of energy.
Overview of Recent Advancements in the Microbial Fuel Cell from Fundamentals to Applications: Design, Major Elements, and Scalability
Authors: Flimban Sami G. A. , Ismail Iqbal M. I. , Kim Taeyoung , Oh Sang-Eun
Published: September 2019

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology offers an alternative means for producing energy from waste products. In this review, several characteristics of MFC technology that make it revolutionary will be highlighted. First, a brief history presents how bioelectrochemical systems have advanced, ultimately describing the development of microbial fuel cells. Second, the focus is shifted to the attributes that enable MFCs to work efficiently. Next, follows the design of various MFC systems in use including their components and how they are assembled, along with an explanation of how they work. Finally, microbial fuel cell designs and types of main configurations used are presented along with the scalability of the technology for proper application. The present review shows importance of design and elements to reduce energy loss for scaling up the MFC system including the type of electrode, shape of the single reactor, electrical connection method, stack direction, and modulation. These aspects precede making economically applicable large-scale MFCs (over 1 m3 scale) a reality.
Valuing Carbon Sequestration to Finance Afforestation Projects in China
Authors: Hou Guolong , Delang Claudio O. , Lu Xixi , Olschewski Roland
Published: September 2019

Afforestation programs have huge potential to store carbon, thereby contributing to mitigate climate change. However, the voluntary acceptance by landowners crucially depends on their economic outcome. We (i) assess the carbon sequestration potential of afforestation projects in various Chinese regions by comparing different tree species, project durations and regional particularities, (ii) analyze the costs and benefits of tree species used for timber and fruit production as well as bamboo, and (iii) compare them with alternative crops under different climatic and economic conditions. Finally, we calculate the minimum compensation required by farmers to convert cropland to forests assuming a joint production of timber or fruits and carbon sequestration. No compensation is needed when cropland with relatively low revenues is to be converted. In contrast, compensation payments must be high for converting land used for cash crops, such as sugarcane. For fruit trees, the amount of carbon sequestered is low, but selling fruits and nuts is quite profitable. Consequently, in most cases there is no compensation needed. The minimum price per carbon credit decreases with increasing project duration because more carbon is stored per hectare, and in consequence, the required payments per credit are lower. This does not hold for fast-growing trees like eucalyptus and poplar, for which the minimum price increases with extended project duration. Bamboo shows a high carbon sequestration potential, and becomes economically more attractive by including carbon revenues. Carbon credits can often compensate the opportunity costs of alternative land uses, except for afforestation on highly productive cropland. We demonstrate that the economic attractiveness of afforestation projects is strongly context dependent and varies substantially across regions. The findings can contribute to the cost-efficient design of carbon sequestration projects. The methodology can be applied to other regions in the developing world.