bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution and Risk Factors of Water-Related Accidents for General Aviation Aircraft
Authors: Yang Ruiliang , LibinYang  , Zhao Lina , Geng Donghan
Published: February 2021

In the past two decades, dozens to more than a hundred people have died each year in water-related accidents, most of which general aviation has accounted for. To identify the distribution and risk factors of fatal water-related accidents for general aviation aircraft, a total of 594 water-related accidents according to 14 CFR Part 91 from 2009 to 2019 were chosen from the National Transportation Safety Board’s online database. A two-step approach, consisting of a univariable logistic regression and a multivariable logistic regression, was performed to estimate the effects of 28 parameters. Results show that aircraft with a rated power of more than 100 horsepower (

odds
 
ratio
>
5

), instrument conditions (

odds
 
ratio
=
25.585

), flying night operations (

odds
 
ratio
=
3.717

), and cruise phase (

odds
 
ratio
=
11.699

) possessed an elevated risk for a fatal outcome. This research is the first to identify the distribution and risk factors of fatal water-related accidents under 14 CFR Part 91. The necessity and importance of survival equipment for water-related accidents are also highlighted in this paper.
Gyroscope Sensor Based In Vivo Finger Axes of Rotation Identification Using Screw Displacement
Authors: Zhu Yiming , Wei Guowu , Ren Lei , Luo Zirong , Shang Jianzhong
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a low-cost, efficient, and portable in vivo method for identifying axes of rotation of the proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints in an index finger. The approach is associated with the screw displacement representation of rigid body motion. Using the matrix exponential method, a detailed derivation of general spatial displacement of a rigid body in the form of screw displacement including the Rodrigues’ formulae for rotation is presented. Then, based on a gyroscope sensor, a test framework for determining axes of rotation of finger joints is established, and experiments on finding the directions of joint axes of the PIP and DIP joints are conducted. The results obtained highly agree with those presented in literature through traditional but complex methods.
Measurement of Urban Expansion and Spatial Correlation of Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration Using Nighttime Light Data
Authors: Zhang Enwei , Feng Huamei , Peng Shuangyun
Published: February 2021

The Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration (CYUA) is an important zone of western development in China. The clarification of the spatial structure and changing trends in CYUA could help promote the coordinated development of the CYUA and enhance the overall competitiveness of the region. Based on data from the Yunnan Statistical Yearbook and the nighttime light data, this paper extracts the urban built-up area of the CYUA and analyzes the urban expansion and urban spatial connection intensity of the CYUA from 2000 to 2018 by using the urban gravity center model and the gravity model. The results show the following: (1) From 2000 to 2018, the urban built-up area of the CYUA expanded rapidly, and the urban built-up area increased by 369.35%, with Kunming accounting for 45.41% of the increased area. Kunming was the main contributor to the increase in the urban built-up area in the CYUA. From 2000 to 2018, the urban built-up areas of the CYUA were scattered in various mountain basins. (2) Overall, the urban gravity center of the CYUA has moved to Kunming, and the distance of the urban gravity center has increased since 2005, indicating that urban expansion has accelerated since 2005. (3) The development of the CYUA is extremely unbalanced. The urban spatial connection intensity between Kunming city, Yuxi city, and Qujing city, and Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Chuxiong is relatively strong, while the urban spatial connection intensity among cities other than Kunming is weak. Overall, the CYUA is characterized by stellar radiation with Kunming city as the core and Yuxi city as the secondary core.
From Linear Programming Approach to Metaheuristic Approach: Scaling Techniques
Authors: Badr Elsayed , Abdul Salam Mustafa , Almotairi Sultan , Ahmed Hagar
Published: February 2021

The objective of this work is to propose ten efficient scaling techniques for the Wisconsin Diagnosis Breast Cancer (WDBC) dataset using the support vector machine (SVM). These scaling techniques are efficient for the linear programming approach. SVM with proposed scaling techniques was applied on the WDBC dataset. The scaling techniques are, namely, arithmetic mean, de Buchet for three cases (p = 1,2, and ∞), equilibration, geometric mean, IBM MPSX, and Lp‐norm for three cases (p = 1,2, and ∞). The experimental results show that the equilibration scaling technique overcomes the benchmark normalization scaling technique used in many commercial solvers. Finally, the experimental results also show the effectiveness of the grid search technique which gets the optimal parameters (C and gamma) for the SVM classifier.
The miR–181a–SFRP4 Axis Regulates Wnt Activation to Drive Stemness and Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Belur Nagaraj Anil , Knarr Matthew , Sekhar Sreeja , Connor R. Shae , Joseph Peronne , Kovalenko Olga , Fleming Alexis , Surti Arshia , Nurmemmedov Elmar , Beltrame Luca , Marchini Sergio , Kahn Michael , DiFeo Analisa
Published: February 2021

Wnt signaling is a major driver of stemness and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer, yet the genetic drivers that stimulate its expression remain largely unknown. Unlike other cancers, mutations in the Wnt pathway are not reported in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Hence, a key challenge that must be addressed to develop effective targeted therapies is to identify nonmutational drivers of Wnt activation. Using an miRNA sensor-based approach, we have identified miR-181a as a novel driver of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. miR-181ahigh primary HGSOC cells exhibited increased Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which was associated with increased stem-cell frequency and platinum resistance. Consistent with these findings, inhibition of β-catenin decreased stem-like properties in miR-181ahigh cell populations and downregulated miR-181a. The Wnt inhibitor SFRP4 was identified as a novel target of miR-181a. Overall, our results demonstrate that miR-181a is a nonmutational activator of Wnt signaling that drives stemness and chemoresistance in HGSOC, suggesting that the miR–181a–SFRP4 axis can be evaluated as a novel biomarker for β-catenin–targeted therapy in this disease.

Significance:

These results demonstrate that miR-181a is an activator of Wnt signaling that drives stemness and chemoresistance in HGSOC and may be targeted therapeutically in recurrent disease.
Pediatric Nasal Chondromesenchymal Tumors: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Schaerer Daniel , Nation Javan , Rennert Robert C. , DeConde Adam , Levy Michael L.
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Nasal chondromesenchymal tumors (NCMT) are rare benign neoplasms that usually present in children <1 year of age. They can display rapid growth and significant local bony remodeling that can mimic a malignant process. Of the ∼50 published cases to date, few have documented the need for neurosurgical intervention. We herein report a NCMT in an infant treated with a staged cranial and transnasal approach, as well as summarize the available literature on this pathology. Case Report: A newborn male with a compromised airway was noted to have a large sinonasal lesion. After stabilization, MRI demonstrated a 4-cm enhancing mass with diffuse sinus involvement and significant extension into the anterior cranial fossa, with displacement of the optic apparatus and hypothalamic pituitary axis. After an initial biopsy, the patient underwent a bifrontal craniofacial approach at 2 months of age, followed by a second-stage transnasal endoscopic approach at 15 months which resulted in a complete resection. There were no neurosurgical complications. Pathology was consistent with a NCMT. Discussion: Although rare, neurosurgical involvement is critical for the treatment of NCMTs with intracranial extension. Staged cranial and endonasal endoscopic approaches may be needed for complete resection of such lesions.
Mulheres de cinema e a escrita da história do cinema de autoria feminina
Authors: Amaral Erika
Published: February 2021

Nos últimos anos, no Brasil, o cinema dirigido por mulheres tem sido reconhecido em sua importância por meio de publicações como Mulheres de cinema, organizado por Karla Holanda. Majoritariamente escrita por pesquisadoras brasileiras, a coletânea de 22 artigos se volta para o cinema de autoria feminina em sua riqueza de origens, temporalidades, gêneros e temáticas, de modo a contribuir para o aprofundamento do conhecimento sobre filmes escritos, dirigidos, estrelados e produzidos por mulheres no campo de estudos de cinema.
Semantic and Physical Properties of Peripheral Vision Are Used for Scene Categorization in Central Vision
Authors: Peyrin Carole , Roux-Sibilon Alexia , Trouilloud Audrey , Khazaz Sarah , Joly Malena , Pichat Cédric , Boucart Muriel , Krainik Alexandre , Kauffmann Louise
Published: February 2021

Theories of visual recognition postulate that our ability to understand our visual environment at a glance is based on the extraction of the gist of the visual scene, a first global and rudimentary visual representation. Gist perception would be based on the rapid analysis of low spatial frequencies in the visual signal and would allow a coarse categorization of the scene. We aimed to study whether the low spatial resolution information available in peripheral vision could modulate the processing of visual information presented in central vision. We combined behavioral measures (Experiments 1 and 2) and fMRI measures (Experiment 2). Participants categorized a scene presented in central vision (artificial vs. natural categories) while ignoring another scene, either semantically congruent or incongruent, presented in peripheral vision. The two scenes could either share the same physical properties (similar amplitude spectrum and spatial configuration) or not. Categorization of the central scene was impaired by a semantically incongruent peripheral scene, in particular when the two scenes were physically similar. This semantic interference effect was associated with increased activation of the inferior frontal gyrus. When the two scenes were semantically congruent, the dissimilarity of their physical properties impaired the categorization of the central scene. This effect was associated with increased activation in occipito-temporal areas. In line with the hypothesis of predictive mechanisms involved in visual recognition, results suggest that semantic and physical properties of the information coming from peripheral vision would be automatically used to generate predictions that guide the processing of signal in central vision.
Functional Context Affects Scene Processing
Authors: Aminoff Elissa M. , Tarr Michael J.
Published: February 2021

Rapid visual perception is often viewed as a bottom–up process. Category-preferred neural regions are often characterized as automatic, default processing mechanisms for visual inputs of their categorical preference. To explore the sensitivity of such regions to top–down information, we examined three scene-preferring brain regions, the occipital place area (OPA), the parahippocampal place area (PPA), and the retrosplenial complex (RSC), and tested whether the processing of outdoor scenes is influenced by the functional contexts in which they are seen. Context was manipulated by presenting real-world landscape images as if being viewed through a window or within a picture frame—manipulations that do not affect scene content but do affect one's functional knowledge regarding the scene. This manipulation influences neural scene processing (as measured by fMRI): The OPA and the PPA exhibited greater neural activity when participants viewed images as if through a window as compared with within a picture frame, whereas the RSC did not show this difference. In a separate behavioral experiment, functional context affected scene memory in predictable directions (boundary extension). Our interpretation is that the window context denotes three-dimensionality, therefore rendering the perceptual experience of viewing landscapes as more realistic. Conversely, the frame context denotes a 2-D image. As such, more spatially biased scene representations in the OPA and the PPA are influenced by differences in top–down, perceptual expectations generated from context. In contrast, more semantically biased scene representations in the RSC are likely to be less affected by top–down signals that carry information about the physical layout of a scene.
Revision of the Empis (Enoplempis) mira species group (Diptera: Empididae)
Authors: SINCLAIR BRADLEY J. , BROOKS SCOTT E. , CUMMING JEFFREY M.
Published: February 2021

The Empis (Enoplempis) mira species group is revised and includes the type species of Enoplempis and four new species (E. macdonaldi sp. nov., E. submira sp. nov., E. williamturneri sp. nov., E. winkleri sp. nov.). A lectotype is designated for Enoplempis mira Bigot. The species group is defined by the yellow body colour, directionally asymmetrical male hindlegs and geniculate hindlegs in both males and females. The group has not been found outside of western North America and is known from California, Oregon, Idaho and Washington.
Morphological and molecular characterization of adult hairworms (Phylum Nematomorpha) from Iceland and the Faroe Islands, and documentation of their non-adult stages and hosts
Authors: ANAYA CHRISTINA , GALBREATH KURT E. , BOLEK MATTHEW G.
Published: February 2021

No species of freshwater Nematomorpha have been described from Iceland, but they have been identified anecdotally. Recent surveys in Iceland using freshwater gastropods as biodiversity indicators resulted in the collection of adult free-living hairworms and their non-adult stages including cysts in snail paratenic hosts and juvenile worms in ground beetle definitive hosts. Additionally, specimens acquired from the Icelandic Institute of Natural History indicate nematomorphs are common in Iceland. A single specimen from the Faroe Islands National Museum represents a new species record. Our morphological and molecular characterization indicated all the samples belong to the species Gordionus wolterstorffii, a common nematomorph found throughout Europe. Also, we provide the first descriptions of the cyst stage for the genus Gordionus. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 10 species of Gordionus and one species of the closely related genus Parachordodes indicates that Gordionus is not monophyletic. Combining our morphological and phylogenetic investigations, we discuss the lack of clarity in diagnostic morphological characters and the need for additional global collections to clarify the taxonomy of Gordionus.
Diagnosing Subsurface Vertical Velocities from High-Resolution Sea Surface Fields
Authors: Liu Lei , Xue Huijie , Sasaki Hideharu
Published: February 2021

Using the extended “interior + surface quasigeostrophic” method from the 2019 study by Liu et al. (hereafter L19), subsurface density and horizontal velocities can be reconstructed from sea surface buoyancy and surface height. This study explores the potential of L19 for diagnosing the upper-ocean vertical velocity w field from high-resolution surface information, employing the 1/30° horizontal resolution OFES model output. Specifically, we employ the L19-reconstructed density and horizontal velocity fields in a diabatic version of the omega equation that incorporates a simplified parameterization for turbulent vertical mixing. The w diagnosis is evaluated against OFES output in the Kuroshio Extension region of the North Pacific, and the result indicates that the L19 method constitutes an effective framework. Statistically, the OFES-simulated and L19-diagnosed w fields have a 2-yr-averaged spatial correlation of 0.42–0.51 within the mixed layer and 0.51–0.67 throughout the 1000-m upper ocean below the mixed layer. Including the diabatic turbulent mixing effect has improved the w diagnoses inside the mixed layer, particularly for the cold-season days with the largest correlation improvement reaching 0.31. Our encouraging results suggest that the L19 method can be applied to the high-resolution sea surface height data from the forthcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission for reconstructing 3D hydrodynamic conditions of the upper ocean.
Ocean Conditions and the Intensification of Three Major Atlantic Hurricanes in 2017
Authors: Domingues Ricardo , Le Hénaff Matthieu , Halliwell George , Zhang Jun A. , Bringas Francis , Chardon Patricia , Kim Hyun-Sook , Morell Julio , Goni Gustavo
Published: February 2021

Major Atlantic hurricanes Irma, Jose, and Maria of 2017 reached their peak intensity in September while traveling over the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, where both atmospheric and ocean conditions were favorable for intensification. In situ and satellite ocean observations revealed that conditions in these areas exhibited (i) sea surface temperatures above 28°C, (ii) upper-ocean heat content above 60 kJ cm−2, and (iii) the presence of low-salinity barrier layers associated with a larger-than-usual extension of the Amazon and Orinoco riverine plumes. Proof-of-concept coupled ocean–hurricane numerical model experiments demonstrated that the accurate representation of such ocean conditions led to an improvement in the simulated intensity of Hurricane Maria for the 3 days preceding landfall in Puerto Rico, when compared to an experiment without the assimilation of ocean observations. Without the assimilation of ocean observations, upper-ocean thermal conditions were generally colder than observations, resulting in reduced air–sea enthalpy fluxes—enthalpy fluxes are more realistically simulated when the upper-ocean temperature and salinity structure is better represented in the model. Our results further showed that different components of the ocean observing system provide valuable information in support of improved TC simulations, and that assimilation of underwater glider observations alone enabled the largest improvement over the 24 h time frame before landfall. Our results, therefore, indicated that ocean conditions were relevant for more realistically simulating Hurricane Maria’s intensity. However, further research based on a comprehensive set of hurricane cases is required to confirm robust improvements to forecast systems.
Does Affirmative Action Work? Evaluating India’s Quota System
Authors: Lee Alexander
Published: February 2021

This paper examines two common critiques of ethnic quota policies in government hiring and education: that they do not benefit the target group, and that any benefits are unevenly distributed within the target group. It focuses on the effects of educational and hiring quotas for Other Backward Class (OBC) castes in India, using difference-in-difference and triple difference designs that take advantage of the gradual introduction of these quotas. The results provide little support for these critiques: affirmative action is associated with small increases in educational attainment and government employment among eligible age cohorts, though the increases in government employment may be a result of other social and political trends. These benefits extend even to poorer OBCs (though not the very poorest), and increase the chances of social contact between uneducated OBCs and government officials.
The Becoming of Online Healthcare through Entangled Power and Performativity: A posthumanist agential realist perspective
Authors: Visser Laura M. , Davies Olivia E.
Published: February 2021

In this article we adopt Barad’s theory of agential realism to explore how power and performativity are simultaneously processual and ontologically entangled. We use the hyphenated term power-performativity to mobilize an exploration of how power is not an ‘outcome’ or ‘effect’ of, but an inseparable flow within, the processes of performativity through which the world is continuously becoming. This moves us beyond the traditional, anthropocentric take on the relationship between power and performativity which emphasizes human agency and linear cause-effect, toward an alternative understanding of organizational phenomena as always enacted through myriad intra-acting more-than-human actants. To empirically mobilize this approach, we explore power-performativity within online healthcare, enacted through personal online healthcare communities (POHCs). We explore multiple ‘diffraction gratings’ through which particular outcomes of online healthcare come to matter, while others are prevented from mattering. In doing so, we posit the suitability of Barad’s agential realism for further explorations of the dynamics of power and performativity in modes of organizing and organizational life and offer tools for how these may be done.
Fluorescence visualization of the intersegmental plane by bronchoscopic instillation of indocyanine green into the targeted segmental bronchus: determination of the optimal settings
Authors: Anayama Takashi , Hirohashi Kentaro , Miyazaki Ryohei , Okada Hironobu , Yamamoto Marino , Orihashi Kazumasa
Published: February 2021

Objective

To determine the appropriate amount of indocyanine green for bronchial insufflation.

Methods

We enrolled 20 consecutive patients scheduled for anatomical segmentectomy in the Kochi Medical School Hospital. After inducing general anesthesia, 6 to 60 mL of 200-fold-diluted indocyanine green (0.0125 mg/mL) was insufflated into the subsegmental bronchi in the targeted pulmonary segmental bronchus. The volume of the targeted pulmonary segments was calculated using preoperative computed tomography. Fluorescence spread in the segmental alveoli was visualized using a dedicated near-infrared thoracoscope.

Results

The targeted segment was uniformly visualized by indocyanine green fluorescence in 16/20 (80.0%) cases after insufflating indocyanine green. A receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the area under the curve was 0.984; the optimal cut-off volume of diluted indocyanine green for insufflation was 8.91% of the calculated targeted pulmonary segment volume.

Conclusions

The setting for indocyanine green insufflation was optimized for near-infrared fluorescence image-guided anatomical segmentectomy. By injecting the correct amount of indocyanine green, fluorescence-guided anatomical segmentation may be performed more appropriately.
Developing a Conceptual Framework of Black Women’s Gendered Racial Identity Development
Authors: Williams Marlene G. , Lewis Jioni A.
Published: February 2021

Previous research has identified contextual factors that influence gendered racial identity development among Black women. Less is known about the specific process of Black women’s gendered racial identity development and the meaning Black women ascribe to their gendered racial identity. In the current study, we sought to identify phases of this process and the types of gendered racial ideologies that Black women endorse during their identity development. Drawing on intersectionality and Black feminist theory, we analyzed the data to center these findings within the unique sociocultural context of Black women’s experiences. A total of 19 Black women at a large, predominantly White Southeastern public university participated in semi-structured individual interviews about their gendered racial identity development. Using constructivist grounded theory to guide our data analysis, we found four phases of the developmental process (hyperawareness, reflection, rejection, and navigation), each of which was influenced by various factors unique to Black women’s intersectional experiences. We also found six gendered racial ideologies (assimilation, humanist, defiance, strength, pride, and empowerment), which represent Black women’s values, beliefs, and attitudes toward their gendered racial identity. We found that Black women utilized aspects of their gendered racial identity in ways to protect themselves from gendered racism and intersectional oppression. Researchers, practitioners, educators, and policy makers can utilize this conceptual framework to increase their critical awareness of the complexity of Black women’s gendered racial identity development.
Identification of a dynamic friction model for railway disc brakes
Authors: Ehret Marc
Published: February 2021

Braking forces occurring during emergency brake applications of passenger trains are generated by disc brake units. The acting friction forces depend on the frictional properties between disc and brake pad and are influenced by relative velocity, temperatures and normal pressure of the contacting surfaces. In this work a mathematical model is developed which aims to link these influencing variables to the instantaneous acting friction coefficient in order to include the characteristic behavior of friction forces in the calculation of longitudinal dynamics of railway vehicles. The model is identified by the use of data recorded on a full-scale dynamometer test rig and verified regarding the estimation of the brake distance.
Death caused by negligent medical care: Reconsidering the role of gross negligence manslaughter in the aftermath of Bawa-Garba
Authors: Samanta Ash , Samanta Jo
Published: February 2021

Gross negligence manslaughter is a well-established common law offence in English jurisdiction. Nevertheless, it remains a troubled area of law. Academic commentators, as well as the Law Commission, have frequently called for reform. We explore this offence through the prism of medical manslaughter and argue that the offence is insufficiently nuanced in certain situations of death caused by gross negligence. This applies particularly to complex professional circumstances where a coalescence of inter-linking factors may converge with disastrous results for the parties concerned. Using the clinical care model as an exemplar, we argue that relentless focus on the offender can result in a disproportionately high level of blame being foisted on an individual. On the basis of decision theory, we suggest that insufficient regard may be given to confounding contextual matters. Failure to address underlying systemic factors may impede wider patient safety initiatives such as professional medical candour and strategies designed for institutional improvements directed at broader societal benefit. We offer an alternative approach based upon principles of fair attribution of blame and transparency. A new statutory offence is suggested for a fault-based standard that is set by law that gives greater prominence to contextual matters. We argue for wider disposal options that include ancillary court orders for rectification of systems failures and more proactive engagement of the coronial process.
Resilience and Psychological Well-Being of Higher Education Students During COVID-19: The Mediating Role of Perceived Distress
Authors: Sood Sarita , Sharma Ananya
Published: February 2021

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has created a crisis with a severe effect on the masses, particularly the young students across the world. Framed by the transactional theory of stress and coping, this study investigates the factors influencing psychological well-being (PWB) of the students in higher education during the peri-traumatic phase of COVID-19. A cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire was employed. The study aimed at prediction and theory building and was carried out in India. Data were collected online from 173 higher education students. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypothesised relationships among the constructs. Results indicated resilience significantly predicts PWB both directly and indirectly. Further, the study revealed perceived distress and PWB are not on the same continuum. This study has a contribution to theory and health promotion. Furthermore, the findings have several practical implications for counselling psychologists, academicians, and mental health workers associated with the higher education sector. These findings will put them in a better position to design interventions to enhance resilience in students in the backdrop of the relevance of both positive and negative mental health during the outbreak of diseases. Based on the findings, future directions were discussed.
Examining Home and International Students’ Awareness of, Attitudes Towards and Participation in Intercultural Activities on Campus
Authors: Tsang Art , Yuan Rui
Published: February 2021

Internationalization in higher education and the promotion of intercultural interaction are becoming increasingly prevalent globally. Conducted in Hong Kong, this mixed-methods study investigated one facet of these initiatives, namely intercultural activities on campus. Both home ( n = 305) and international ( n = 127) students’ awareness of, attitudes toward, and participation in these activities were examined. The results showed that these three variables were significantly inter-correlated, and awareness and attitude together explained 36% of the variance in participation. While both groups had similar levels of awareness and participation, the international students were slightly more positive toward these activities than the home students were. Lack of time, absence of company, and uninteresting activities were found to be the top three reasons for low/no participation. Follow-up semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants, who elaborated on awareness-raising promotion platforms for these activities, motivators, and demotivators for participation, and the general differences between home and international students. The article ends with a discussion on these findings.
Development of a process map for the delivery of virtual clinical pharmacy services at Odette Cancer Centre during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Marchese Maria , Heintzman Angela , Pasetka Mark , Charbonneau Flay , DeAngelis Carlo , Peragine Christine
Published: February 2021

Virtual methods have been innovatively utilized to provide clinical and supportive care to patients with cancer. Oncology pharmacists have been actively involved in this movement, in order to minimize patient contact and decrease the risk of viral transmission for this high-risk group. In response to COVID-19 restrictions, the Odette Cancer Centre pharmacy modified the delivery of clinical pharmacy services (CPS), including medication histories and patient education/counseling, to a remote telephone-based model. Process maps were created to visualize workflow before and after the pandemic. Process metrics were tracked over a 6-week period. From March 25th to May 1st, 2020, 202 best-possible medication histories and baseline assessments were completed; 149 of these (74%) were completed remotely. For medication therapy counsels, 72 of 199 were completed remotely (36%). Despite workflow disruptions caused by the pandemic, these results demonstrate that clinical pharmacy service levels could be maintained by incorporating remote delivery approaches without significant investment in resources. Challenges included acceptance by patients and lack of technology to support system-level processes. Further research to develop, refine, and individualize virtual clinical pharmacy care models will help to consolidate the role of these approaches in the post-COVID-19 era.
Examining frequent emergency department use among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Beverly Judith , Giannouchos Theodoros , Callaghan Timothy
Published: February 2021

We analyze the 2011–2016 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Emergency Department Databases and State Inpatient Databases for all emergency department visits by children and adolescents in New York to estimate the association between autism spectrum disorder and frequent emergency department utilization. Our study included 5.9 million individuals with 9.1 million emergency department visits. Of those, 31,682 had autism spectrum disorder (0.5%) accounting for 66,053 (0.7%) emergency department visits. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder had on average 0.6 more emergency department visits per year, were more likely to exhibit frequent emergency department use (⩾4, ⩾6, ⩾8, and ⩾10 emergency department visits/year), and had larger shares of comorbidities and diagnoses related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. These findings highlight the need for patient and family-centered care interventions and emergency department staff education initiatives.

Lay abstract

This study used data for 5.9 million individuals with 9.1 million emergency department visits from all hospitals in the state of New York to explore frequent emergency department use between children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and those without autism spectrum disorders. We found that children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders had larger shares of comorbidities and diagnoses related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders were also more likely to utilize emergency departments and to exhibit frequent use. These results emphasize the need for using family-centered care to improve the care experiences of children and youth with autism spectrum disorders and their families. In addition, the education of emergency department staff of processes and practices as it relates to delivery of care and the care experience.
Ecofeminism revisited: critical insights on contemporary environmental governance
Authors: Foster Emma
Published: February 2021

Echoing other articles in this special issue, this article re-evaluates a collection of feminist works that fell out of fashion as a consequence of academic feminism embracing poststructuralist and postmodernist trends. In line with fellow contributors, the article critically reflects upon the unsympathetic reading of feminisms considered to be essentialising and universalistic, in order to re-evaluate, in my case, ecofeminism. As an introduction, I reflect on my own perhaps unfair rejection of ecofeminism as a doctoral researcher and early career academic who, in critiquing 1990s international environmental governance, sought to problematise the essentialist premise on which it appeared to be based. The article thereafter challenges this well-rehearsed critique by carefully revisiting a sample of ecofeminist work produced between the late 1970s and the early 1990s. In an effort to avoid wholesale abandonment of the wealth of feminist theory often labelled as second wave, or the rendering of feminisms of the past as redundant as feminist theory changes over time, this article re-reads the work of ecofeminists, such as Starhawk, Susan Griffin and Vandana Shiva, to demonstrate their contemporary relevance. In so doing, the article argues that a contemporary re-reading of ecofeminism offers insights allowing for a radical rethinking of contemporary environmental governance.
The Social Meaning of Food Consumption Behaviors in Rural Brazil: Agreement and Intracultural Variation
Authors: Weaver Lesley Jo , Henderson Nicole , Hadley Craig
Published: February 2021

Food insecurity (FI) is often assessed through experienced-based measures, which address the number and extent of coping strategies people employ. Coping indices are limited because, methodologically, they presuppose that people engage coping strategies uniformly. Ethnographic work suggests that subgroups experience FI quite differently, meaning that coping strategies might also vary within a population. Thus, whether people actually agree on FI coping behaviors is an open question. This article describes methods used to test whether there was a culturally agreed on set of coping behaviors around FI in rural Brazilian majority-female heads of household, and to detect patterned subgroup variation in that agreement. We used cultural consensus and residual agreement analyses on freelist and rating exercise data. This process could be applied as a first step in developing experience-based measures of FI sensitive to intragroup variation, or to identify key variables to guide qualitative analyses.
Meltdown at the Academy of Fine Arts: The Role of Teachers’ Emotional Sensemaking in Planned Change
Authors: Walls Jeff
Published: February 2021

Schools are characterized by nearly constant internal and external demands to change, grow, and improve. Past research has found that the way educators “make sense” of what they are being asked to do bears on the effectiveness of reforms and the way changes are implemented in practice. Much of this past work takes a cognitive approach to sensemaking, but teachers’ emotional responses also considerably shape how they make sense of novel situations. This teaching case explores the leadership challenges associated with a planned change initiative at a small arts-focused school, and the way that teachers’ emotional responses superseded resources and supports for the change.
Glycemic Variability Assessment with a 14-Day Continuous Glucose Monitoring System: When and How Long to Measure MAGE (Mean Amplitude of Glucose Excursion) for Optimal Reliability?
Authors: Vergès Bruno , Pignol Elise , Rouland Alexia , Bouillet Benjamin , Baillot-Rudoni Sabine , Quilot Emilienne , Djeffal Abdelmadjid , Petit Jean Michel
Published: February 2021

Mean amplitude of glucose excursion (MAGE) is considered as the “gold standard” for assessing the short-term within-day glycemic variability (GV), which is an important component of overall glycemic control. A 14-day continuous glucose monitoring system is now widely used and allows easier assessment of GV. However, it is still unknown whether MAGE, usually calculated on a 48-hour period is identical whatever the time during the 14-day lifespan of the sensor and whether a longer time period might give additional information. We evaluated in 68 patients with type 1 diabetes, MAGE during three 2-day periods (day1-day3; day6-day8; day11-day13) and during periods of 3 days and 4 days. MAGE calculated at the three 2-day periods were identical and not different from MAGE of the 3-day or 4-day periods.
Necrotic plaques in an elderly male
Authors: Gaglani Bindi , Logan Ian , Kubba Faris
Published: February 2021

Reactive perforating collagenosis is commonly recognised as an unusual form of transepithelial elimination of collagen and elastin fibres which are extruded through the epidermis in patients with a genetic predisposition or underlying diseases, such as diabetes mellitus or renal diseases. We present the unusual case of an 87-year-old diabetic male with a giant form of reactive perforating collagenosis and review the available literature.
Why nurses stay in departments with low turnover: A constructivist approach
Authors: Hølge-Hazelton Bibi , Berthelsen Connie B.
Published: February 2021

Hospital nursing shortage is a global problem caused by nurse dissatisfaction with their manager, an extensive workload and a stressful work environment. The study aimed to investigate nurses’ experiences of practices in hospital departments with low nurse turnover rates in relation to culture, work environment, nursing competencies, and nurse management. A constructivist design using a positive deviance approach was used for this study. Four hospital departments with the lowest nurse turnover in the Zealand region of Denmark served as settings. Data were collected from 13 nurses through focus-group conversations and analysed using directed content analysis. The reporting adhered to the COREQ checklist. The three themes – collaborative fellowship, professional pride, and embracing management – revealed a sense of community between nurses and department managers. Even though the nurses’ daily practice was exhausting, they stayed in their positions due to the special culture in the departments, which brought the nurses closer together.
Molecular determinants of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex revealed by BIVV001 cryo-electron microscopy
Authors: Fuller James R. , Knockenhauer Kevin E. , Leksa Nina C. , Peters Robert T. , Batchelor Joseph D.
Published: February 2021

Interaction of factor VIII (FVIII) with von Willebrand factor (VWF) is mediated by the VWF D′D3 domains and thrombin-mediated release is essential for hemostasis after vascular injury. VWF-D′D3 mutations resulting in loss of FVIII binding are the underlying cause of von Willebrand disease (VWD) type 2N. Furthermore, the FVIII–VWF interaction has significant implications for the development of therapeutics for bleeding disorders, particularly hemophilia A, in which endogenous VWF clearance imposes a half-life ceiling on replacement FVIII therapy. To understand the structural basis of FVIII engagement by VWF, we solved the structure of BIVV001 by cryo-electron microscopy to 2.9 Å resolution. BIVV001 is a bioengineered clinical-stage FVIII molecule for the treatment of hemophilia A. In BIVV001, VWF-D′D3 is covalently linked to an Fc domain of a B domain–deleted recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) Fc fusion protein, resulting in a stabilized rFVIII/VWF-D′D3 complex. Our rFVIII/VWF structure resolves BIVV001 architecture and provides a detailed spatial understanding of previous biochemical and clinical observations related to FVIII–VWF engagement. Notably, the FVIII acidic a3 peptide region (FVIII-a3), established as a critical determinant of FVIII/VWF complex formation, inserts into a basic groove formed at the VWF–D′/rFVIII interface. Our structure shows direct interaction of sulfated Y1680 in FVIII-a3 and VWF-R816 that, when mutated, leads to severe hemophilia A or VWD type 2N, respectively. These results provide insight on this key coagulation complex, explain the structural basis of many hemophilia A and VWD type 2N mutations, and inform studies to further elucidate how VWF dissociates rapidly from FVIII upon activation.
ReCGBM: a gradient boosting-based method for predicting human dicer cleavage sites
Authors: Liu Pengyu , Song Jiangning , Lin Chun-Yu , Akutsu Tatsuya
Published: February 2021

Background

Human dicer is an enzyme that cleaves pre-miRNAs into miRNAs. Several models have been developed to predict human dicer cleavage sites, including PHDCleav and LBSizeCleav. Given an input sequence, these models can predict whether the sequence contains a cleavage site. However, these models only consider each sequence independently and lack interpretability. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an accurate and explainable predictor, which employs relations between different sequences, to enhance the understanding of the mechanism by which human dicer cleaves pre-miRNA.

Results

In this study, we develop an accurate and explainable predictor for human dicer cleavage site – ReCGBM. We design relational features and class features as inputs to a lightGBM model. Computational experiments show that ReCGBM achieves the best performance compared to the existing methods. Further, we find that features in close proximity to the center of pre-miRNA are more important and make a significant contribution to the performance improvement of the developed method.

Conclusions

The results of this study show that ReCGBM is an interpretable and accurate predictor. Besides, the analyses of feature importance show that it might be of particular interest to consider more informative features close to the center of the pre-miRNA in future predictors.
GalaxyTrakr: a distributed analysis tool for public health whole genome sequence data accessible to non-bioinformaticians
Authors: Gangiredla Jayanthi , Rand Hugh , Benisatto Daniel , Payne Justin , Strittmatter Charles , Sanders Jimmy , Wolfgang William J. , Libuit Kevin , Herrick James B. , Prarat Melanie , Toro Magaly , Farrell Thomas , Strain Errol
Published: February 2021

Background

Processing and analyzing whole genome sequencing (WGS) is computationally intense: a single Illumina MiSeq WGS run produces ~ 1 million 250-base-pair reads for each of 24 samples. This poses significant obstacles for smaller laboratories, or laboratories not affiliated with larger projects, which may not have dedicated bioinformatics staff or computing power to effectively use genomic data to protect public health. Building on the success of the cloud-based Galaxy bioinformatics platform (http://galaxyproject.org), already known for its user-friendliness and powerful WGS analytical tools, the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) created a customized ‘instance’ of the Galaxy environment, called GalaxyTrakr (https://www.galaxytrakr.org), for use by laboratory scientists performing food-safety regulatory research. The goal was to enable laboratories outside of the FDA internal network to (1) perform quality assessments of sequence data, (2) identify links between clinical isolates and positive food/environmental samples, including those at the National Center for Biotechnology Information sequence read archive (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/), and (3) explore new methodologies such as metagenomics. GalaxyTrakr hosts a variety of free and adaptable tools and provides the data storage and computing power to run the tools. These tools support coordinated analytic methods and consistent interpretation of results across laboratories. Users can create and share tools for their specific needs and use sequence data generated locally and elsewhere.

Results

In its first full year (2018), GalaxyTrakr processed over 85,000 jobs and went from 25 to 250 users, representing 53 different public and state health laboratories, academic institutions, international health laboratories, and federal organizations. By mid-2020, it has grown to 600 registered users and processed over 450,000 analytical jobs. To illustrate how laboratories are making use of this resource, we describe how six institutions use GalaxyTrakr to quickly analyze and review their data. Instructions for participating in GalaxyTrakr are provided.

Conclusions

GalaxyTrakr advances food safety by providing reliable and harmonized WGS analyses for public health laboratories and promoting collaboration across laboratories with differing resources. Anticipated enhancements to this resource will include workflows for additional foodborne pathogens, viruses, and parasites, as well as new tools and services.
Reduced expression of a subunit gene of sucrose non-fermenting 1 related kinase, PpSnRK1βγ, confers flat fruit abortion in peach by regulating sugar and starch metabolism
Authors: Guo Jian , Cao Ke , Yao Jia-Long , Deng Cecilia , Li Yong , Zhu Gengrui , Fang Weichao , Chen Changwen , Wang Xinwei , Wu Jinlong , Guo Wenwu , Wang Lirong
Published: February 2021

Background

Fruit abortion is a major limiting factor for fruit production. In flat peach, fruit abortion is present in the whole tree of some accessions during early fruit development. However, the physiological factors and genetic mechanism underlying flat fruit abortion remain largely elusive.

Results

In this study, we have revealed that the fertilization process was accomplished and the reduction of sucrose and starch contents might result in flat fruit abortion. By combining association and gene expression analysis, a key candidate gene,PpSnRK1βγ, was identified. A 1.67-Mb inversion co-segregated with flat fruit shape altered the promoter activity ofPpSnRK1βγ, resulting in much lower expression in aborting flat peach. Ectopic transformation in tomato and transient overexpression in peach fruit have shown thatPpSnRK1βγcould increase sugar and starch contents. Comparative transcriptome analysis further confirmed thatPpSnRK1βγparticipated in carbohydrate metabolism. Subcellular localization found that PpSnRK1βγ was located in nucleus.

Conclusions

This study provides a possible reason for flat fruit abortion and identified a critical candidate gene,PpSnRK1βγ, that might be responsible for flat fruit abortion in peach. The results will provide great help in peach breeding and facilitate gene identification for fruit abortion in other plant species.