bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detección molecular del BLV en bovinos y asociación con algunos factores de riesgo/protección en hatos de Risaralda (Colombia)
Authors: Bohórquez Toro Guillermo Andrés , González Corrales Juan Carlos , Rincón Flórez Juan Carlos
Published: January 2024

La leucosis es una enfermedad producida por un retrovirus oncogénico que pertenece a la familia Retroviridae. Si bien es conocido por su distribución mundial porque ha causado grandes pérdidas económicas, especialmente en ganadería de leche, en Risaralda (Colombia) se han reportado pocos estudios sobre la enfermedad. Es por ello que el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia del virus de la leucosis bovina y su asociación con algunos factores de riesgo/protección en hatos bovinos en este departamento colombiano. Durante el 2018, se tomaron muestras de sangre de 145 individuos de seis hatos ubicados en Risaralda. Se extrajo ADN de las muestras por salting out y se hicieron pruebas de PCR para detectar el ADN del provirus. De cada animal se tomó la composición racial, el sexo, el grupo etario, la procedencia y el hato, con el fin de evaluar los posibles factores asociados a la presencia del virus. También, se realizó un análisis descriptivo de la información para estimar la prevalencia con un intervalo de confianza del 95 %; por medio de regresión logística, se determinó el efecto de los factores de riesgo/protección sobre la positividad a leucosis para estimar la razón de momios (odds ratio). Todos los análisis se hicieron en el software R. Se encontró una prevalencia general de 6,90 %, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas para el grupo etario uno (menores de 5 años) y dos (de 5 a 10 años) con respecto al tres (más de 10 años) (OR=0,19 en los dos casos), lo que indica una mayor frecuencia con la edad. Este trabajo es de los primeros realizados en el departamento de Risaralda y aporta la vigilancia de la enfermedad en Colombia.
Indian Medicinal Plants, A Possible Cure For COVID-19- A Review
Authors: MS Shobha
Published: January 2024

Viral diseases are widespread and continue to emerge as a significant concern and a serious threat to humankind. Viral infections occur when a virus enters the body of an individual and invades the cells to multiply. Unlike bacterial infections, viral infections cannot be treated using antibiotics. It requires the body to develop a strategy to strengthen the immune system and attack the virus. Though there are several antiviral drugs, they are not recommended often. If a body’s immune system is weak or unable to fight the virus for any reason, the virus multiplies and spreads to neighbouring cells leading to a widespread infection. Although not all viral diseases with cause life-Threatening conditions, some respiratory viral diseases such as Parainfluenza virus infection (PVI), Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and similar to SARS, a novel infection has emerged in recent days which is known as Coronavirus-2019 (COVID 19) have known to pose a severe threat to humans. Viral diseases result in a wide variety of symptoms which may vary in severity depending on the type of viral infection, cells or organ affected, the presence of any secondary infection, and age. In the present review, the outbreak of COVID-19, its clinical findings, the medicinal properties of few plants possible for its prevention has been elaborated. Recently delta variant SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 was first noticed in Maharashtra state, India. Though various advanced methods have been used from a scientific and therapeutic point of view, it is of utmost importance to be knowledgeable on the medicinal importance of specific plant-based sources are efficacy against highly fit and immune evasive B. 1.617.2 delta variant assures continued infection control measures against COVID-19.
Method Development and Validation of in Vitro Release Test for Fluorometholone Ophthalmic Suspension using Franz Diffusion Cell System
Authors: Derel Hicran Gür
Published: January 2024

The in Vitro release method to be used must have dissolution conditions capable of distinguishing even small changes in the formulation or production process required to develop the generic product. It should measure the amount of active substance released during the in Vitro release test in an accurate, robust and repeatable manner. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the similarity by comparing the test and reference product for Ophthalmic Suspensions containing Fluorometholone (FLU) with the Bootstrap F2 method. In the experiment, pH 7.4 ATF / STF (Artificial / Simulated Tear Fluid) medium was used. Since the FLU molecule is not soluble in water, 2% Sodium dodecyl sulphate was applied as a surfactant to increase the solubility of FLU. By Franz Diffusion Cell method, using Nylon Membrane Disc Filter an in Vitro release profile of 48 hours at 37°C at 750 rpm rotation speed was performed. Last but not the least, a selective and validated HPLC method was used for the analysis of released drug molecules .
Toxicological and Therapeutic Evaluation of a Poly-Herbal Syrup as Anti-Ulcer Drug
Authors: Adhikari Anjan
Published: January 2024

Objective: This experiment has been intended to demonstrate the antiulcer activities of a polyherbal syrup prepared by Diastase, Papain, Nux-vomica Tincture, Compound Cardamom Tincture and Casein hydrolysed. The herbs Papain, Nux-Vomica, Cardamom and fungal Diastase are described in Ayurveda as herbal medicine which have astringent, anti-phlogistic and acid neutralization properties. These properties are anticipated for the treatment of gastric ulcer.
Effect of γ -Cyclodextrin on the Dissolution of Ginsenosides Rg5 and Rk1 from Red Ginseng Chewable Tablets
Authors: Aghavni Ginosyan
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to assess the water solubility of Ginsenosides Rg5 and Rk1 released from chewable tablets containing Red Ginseng preparation HRG80 incorporated γ-cyclodextrin (GCD) complex compared with γ-cyclodextrin free drug preparation. The dissolution rate of Ginsenosides Rg5 and Rk1 was increased three times after γ-cyclodextrin inclusion. The relative solubility of Ginsenosides Rg5 and Rk1 calculated from the ratio of Area under the curve AUC 0 – 90 min was correspondingly 221% and 227%. This study for the first reports that Red Ginseng preparation HRG80 inclusion into GCD significantly improves (increases) the water solubility of active constituents Ginsenosides Rg5 and Rk1.
Molecular Identification of Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. Phyllanthaceae
Authors: Alade GO 
Published: January 2024

The upswing in the exploitation of plants for prevention and treatment of diseases in human and animal cannot be overstressed. This upsurge has drawn the attention of the users, health care professionals and policy holders in health care delivery to the safety and therapeutic efficacy of these products. Every issue that has to do with these is initiated by identifying the plant(s) used as the raw material correctly. The aim of the present study is to identify the leaf of Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. Phyllanthaceae using DNA marker by employing standard method. Phyllanthus amarus is a very useful plant made into various preparations such as decoction, infusion and maceration, among others and used folklorically to treat miscellaneous ailments such as jaundice, hepatitis, dysentery, dropsy, diarrhoea, fevers, inflammation, urinary issues, diabetes, gonorrhoea, kidney ailments, measles, influenza and tuberculosis among many others.
Performances de croissance-engraissement et caractéristiques des carcasses d’agneaux de races Ladoum, Touabire, Peul-peul alimentés ad libitum dans les Niayes au Sénégal
Authors: Ayssiwede Simplice Bosco , Atchiwassa Sodjinin , Missohou Ayao , Bonou Mahou-Hognon Cyrille , Mbengue Félix Victor Latyr , Kabore Basse , Thior Yakhya Elhadji , Raes Marianne , Cabaraux Jean-François , Hornick Jean-Luc
Published: January 2024

L’élevage intensif de moutons Ladoum, race ovine considérée par les éleveurs comme étant la plus performante, connaît un essor considérable ces dernières décennies au Sénégal. Ce travail a eu pour objectif de comparer les performances d’embouche de trois principales races d’agneaux. Il a porté sur 31 agneaux (12 Ladoum, 8 Touabire et 11 Peul-peul) de trois mois d’âge ayant un poids vif (PV) initial de 25,4 kg et élevés durant sept mois où ils ont été alimentés ad libitum avec de la fane d’arachide, un concentré, de l’eau potable et des pierres à lécher. Les PV, consommations d’aliments (CAI) et d’eau (CE), gains moyens quotidiens (GMQ), indice de conversion alimentaire (IC), poids de carcasse chaude (PC), rendement commercial (RC) et des éléments du 5e quartier (REQ), proportions de viande maigre (PMC) et du gras (PGC) des carcasses par race ont été étudiés. Les résultats ont révélé que les PV, GMQ, CAI, IC, PC, RC, REQ, PMC et PGC ont été semblables (p > 0,05) entre les trois races d’agneaux. Les consommations de concentré par rapport au fourrage et les rendements des abats blancs chez les Ladoum (72,5 % CAI et 5,5 %) ont été plus faibles (p < 0,05) comparés à ceux des Touabire (77,14 % CAI et 6,77 %) et Peul-peul (78 % CAI et 6,1 %) qui sont restés identiques, contrairement à la CE (4 vs. 3 litres/j). Les épaisseurs de tissu total (GR), du longissimus dorsi, du gras dorsal mesurées de la 3e à la dernière semaine ante-mortem, ont été similaires (p > 0,05) pour ces trois races, excepté la GR qui a été significativement réduite à la 3e semaine ante-mortem chez les Ladoum. Il ressort que les races ovines sénégalaises disposent d’un réel potentiel génétique qui pourrait mieux s’extérioriser dans de bonnes conditions d’élevage, pour une amélioration du revenu des éleveurs au Sénégal.
Determining Appropriate Policies for Prostitution Reform in Indonesia
Authors: Natalis Aga , Purwanti Ani , Asmara Teddy
Published: January 2024

In the context of the current efforts that Indonesia is making to alter its prostitution laws, it is of the utmost importance to determine the strategy that will be most effective. The two strategies implemented most are known as harm reduction and harm elimination. This study employs a juridical-normative research method to analyse various plans, weighing the pros and cons of each option and providing recommendations on the most suitable approach for Indonesia. The findings highlight the necessity for an all-encompassing and multi-disciplinary approach, intending to strike a balance between the protection of the rights of sex workers and the reduction of harm done to society. It has been found that a policy of harm reduction may be more appropriate for Indonesia as it recognises the existence of prostitution and works toward addressing the root causes of the problem while simultaneously attempting to lessen the adverse effects of the practice.
Keywords: Prostitution Policy, Harm Elimination; Harm Reduction; Prostitution Law; Indonesia
Addressing Prison Education and the Obstacles in Ensuring the Right to Education in Indonesian Juvenile Correctional Facilities
Authors: Prayitno Kuat Puji , Oktobrian Dwiki , Barkhuizen Jaco
Published: January 2024

Reintegrating juvenile offenders into society with a positive reception is a primary objective of education, aimed at breaking the cycle of incarceration that results in recidivism. This article aims to delineate the prison education policies within Indonesian juvenile correctional facilities (LPKA), focusing on regulatory frameworks and their practical implementation. It focuses on the issue of the LPKA's capability in Indonesia to ensure access to education, which is a fundamental right of juvenile inmates, and on whether its benefits can be felt and realized.  Data collection methods encompassed interviews, regulatory assessments, institutional report evaluations, and literature reviews. Findings indicate that, despite a 270% decrease in juvenile inmate numbers from 2018 to 2022, only 68% of this population was granted educational access. Contributing factors include specific regulatory constraints on educational access and a lack of innovative collaborations, even with the reduced workload in LPKA. The study advocates for the initiation of formal educational institutions within LPKA, minimizing reliance on the Ministry of Education and allowing for curriculum adaptation to prevailing conditions.
Keywords: Prison Education, Right to Education, Juvenile Correctional Facilities, Juvenile Inmates, Social Rehabilitation
Nomenclatural validation of two extant Congeria species, C. jalzici and C. mulaomerovici (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) from the caves of the Dinaric karst
Authors:   Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK, Morton Brian , Bilandžija Helena ,   Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb; Croatian Biospeleological Society, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb
Published: January 2024

Two extant cave-dwelling bivalves of the dreissenid genus Congeria were recently described by Morton et Bilandžija in Bilandžija et al. (2013) as Congeria jalzici Morton et Bilandžija and C. mulaomerovici Morton et Bilandžija. Unfortunately, the volume of the Frontiers in Zoology in which the descriptions were published was online-only and did not include a Zoobank registration number (LSID), which is required for validation of new names in electronic-only publications (ICZN, 2012). In consequence, the names C. jalzici and C. mulaomerovici should not be available according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999, 2012). Therefore, the present note serves to validate the names C. jalzici and C. mulaomerovici by fulfilling the ICZN conditions for nomenclatural availability. The holotypes of both species are deposited in the General Collection of Recent Molluscs, Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb and in The National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo. Accordingly, the date and authorship of the new species names are those of this note and not those of Bilandžija et al. (2013).
A fox on the hunt: red fox (Vulpes vulpes) was able to subdue and kill an adult coypu (Myocastor coypus) in a protected site in south-eastern Bulgaria
Authors:   Department of Biology, University of Shumen, Universitetska 115, 9700 Shumen, Bulgaria, Koynova Teodora , Tsvetkov Radoslav ,   Department of Biology, University of Shumen, Universitetska 115, 9700 Shumen, Bulgaria, Natchev Nikolay ,   Department of Biology, University of Shumen, Universitetska 115, 9700 Shumen, Bulgaria; Department of Evolutionary Zoology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
Published: January 2024

In the present study, we report on a rare predatory behaviour in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus, 1758). In the early evening of 03.03.2023 we detected a red fox attacking and killing a coypu (Myocastor coypus Molina, 1782). We were able to document the event by the use of camera with tele-lens. The red fox was known to feed on smaller prey like insects, smaller rodents, lagomorphs, birds and others. Data on attacks on large and potentially dangerous prey are rather scarce and we discuss on the potential trigger for that predatory behaviour.
Study the Relevance of the Development of a Garbage Power Plant to the Large Increase in Waste Volume in Indonesia
Authors: Alim M. Syaiful , Lastomo Dwi , Nurbaiti Nurbaiti , Yoesgiantoro Donny , Laksmono Rudy
Published: January 2024

Garbage endangers the community in terms of health, the economy, and the land that is taken up. Indonesia is a country with many waste piles, but there is waste management in terms of recycling, the use of computers, and other things, even from energy sources for power plants. The Waste Power Plant (PLTSa) is an electric power plant that helps add electrical energy for the PLN to be distributed to the community. The source of combustion and the driving point for garbage power plan (PLTSa) is waste; therefore, most of these locations are located in landfills in big cities. This research article aims to strengthen the argument that the development of PLTSa can be accelerated because the increase in waste piles every year will cause unmanaged waste to also increase. The results of studies and literacy studies show that the average managed waste pile is 15,000 tons/year and still leaves 5 million tons/year of waste that is not appropriately managed; however, the PLTSa capacity is still small at 10 MWh/year. It is necessary to increase the quality of waste containers as a source of PLTSa energy to reduce the amount of unmanaged waste.
What have genetic studies of rare sequence variants taught us about the aetiology of schizophrenia?
Authors: Heinzer Lea , Curtis David
Published: January 2024

With a population prevalence of 1%, schizophrenia is widespread, yet the aetiology of this psychiatric disorder remains elusive. There is an evident genetic component of schizophrenia, with heritability estimates lying at 60%-80%. While genome-wide association studies have identified 120 gene loci associated with schizophrenia risk, these involved common variants that confer only small effects on individual risk (median odds ratio < 1.2). The recent emergence of whole exome sequencing (WES) technologies has facilitated the identification of rare sequence variants, including some protein-truncating variants that have significant effects on risk. Three key large-scale WES studies have demonstrated that rare sequence variants in the genes SETD1A , CACNA1G , CUL1 , GRIA3 , GRIN2A , HERC1 , RB1CC1 , SP4 , TRIO , XPO7 , and AKAP11 confer substantial risk for schizophrenia. These genes are highly expressed in central nervous system neurons and their products participate in diverse molecular functions including synaptic transmission, transcriptional regulation, and ubiquitin ligation. The understanding of these functional roles illuminates putative molecular mechanisms which may lead to schizophrenia-like phenotypes. It will also be possible to develop model systems in which the effects of impaired function of these genes can be further explored. Genetic studies of rare variants to date suggest that glutamatergic system dysregulation, chromatin modification, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system play key roles in schizophrenia aetiology.
REB’s Statistical Series: Surveys of Industrial Enterprises
Authors: Aukutsionek S. , Batyaeva A. , Demina N. , Egorov A. , Matveev A.
Published: January 2024

Industrial indexes of the Russian Economic Barometer cover a wide range of economic indicators of Russia’s industrial enterprises. The article presents the basic statistical data collected on a monthly, quarterly and semi-annual base by the Russian Economic Barometer through direct surveys of industrial enterprises’ managers. Regular extension of rows allows to consider the dynamics of more than 100 series of indicators, to conduct a comparative analysis of data collected since 1991.
Network-Independent Grid Synchronous Stability Boundary and Spontaneous Synchronization
Authors: Yuan Yu
Published: January 2024

Spontaneous synchronization on complex networks is widespread in the real world. These synchronization behaviors are believed to be closely related to the network topology. However, it is difficult to obtain complete information in reality. Therefore, a network-independent analysis path is needed. In this study, a synchronized stability boundary equation is derived which is system- and disturbance-independent and applicable to arbitrarily coupled grids. The results also imply that spontaneous synchronization on a network may be network independent. These conclusions provide new research paths for network synchronization and analyze the synchronization stability of grids in a unified way.
Einstein’s Reality Prevails over Bohr’s Nonlocality -Stronger Quantum Correlations with Independent States Disprove Quantum Nonlocality
Authors: Vatarescu Andre
Published: January 2024

Maximal quantum correlations of unity do not violate the CSHS-Bell inequalities because the remaining two correlations vanish. The probability of coincident detections should not be confused with the correlation of mixed states. The theoretical requirements for implementing the quantum nonlocality theory are not present in the experimental configurations purporting to prove Bohr’s or Bell’s nonlocality because of the quantum Rayleigh scattering of single photons. By means of a normalization factor corresponding to the total number of initiated events, the detection probabilities obtained experimentally are too small to enable any violation of a Bell inequality. Correlations between independent states of qubits can easily outperform those calculated with entangled photons. Additionally, the quantum joint probability for a Bell state can be factorized enabling a local detection of the alleged quantum nonlocality, if it existed. © The Author 2023
Metallic Ratios are Defined by an Argument of a Normalized Complex Number
Authors: Łukaszyk Szymon
Published: January 2024

We show that metallic ratios for real k are defined by an argument of a normalized complex number, while for rational k ≠ {0, ±2}, they are defined by Pythagorean triples.
Hydrogel and Nanocomposite-based Drug Delivery Strategies in the Treatment of Vaginal Infections
Authors: Deen G. Roshan , ALANSARI RENAD , HASAN BUSHRA , TORSTEN UWE
Published: January 2024

The reproductive health of women is governed by an optimal balance between the host-microbiota interaction. Depletion in the beneficial vaginal microflora caused by depletion of Lactobacillus species and increased proliferation of pathogens results in gynecological infections. Among women of reproductive age, vaginal infections are increasingly prevalent. Attaining therapeutic efficacy using conventional formulations remains a challenge as vaginal fluids quickly remove or dilute the therapeutic formulations. Hydrogels have been widely exploited for targeted delivery of therapeutics directly into the vaginal mucus. With careful choice of polymers (natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic) hydrogels with specific properties such as stimuli-responsiveness, antimicrobial, and muco-adhesiveness can be tailored for higher therapeutic efficacy. In this review, the advnances in hydrogel strategies for the treatment of vaginal infections is presented with emphasis on the types and properties that play a significant role in vaginal drug delivery systems.
Fecal Microbiome Composition and Plasma Metabolomics in Pancreatic Cancer Cachexia Treated with Nutritional Support
Authors: Bhowmick Neil , Akinsola Rasaq , Billet Sandrine , Muranaka Hayato , Jacobs Jonathan P , Abbas Anser , Moshayedi Natalie , Placencio-Hickok Veronica R , Osipov Arsen , Hendifar Andrew E , Gong Jun
Published: January 2024

Background: Although previous studies have implicated a role for the stool microbiome in cancer cachexia, the fecal microbiome has not been previously characterized for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and cachexia treated with nutritional interventions such as enteral feeding.

Methods: The PANCAX-1 (NCT02400398) prospective trial enrolled 31 cachectic advanced PDAC patients to receive jejunal tube peptide-based diet for 12 weeks who were planned for palliative chemotherapy. Out of 16 evaluable patients, 62.5% receiving enteral feeding met the primary endpoint of weight stability at 12 weeks. As part of an exploratory analysis of the PANCAX-1 trial, serial stool and blood samples were collected at 0 (C1D1), 6 (C2D1), and 12 (C3D1) weeks over the 12-week period of enteral feeding. Stool samples were analyzed using 16S v4 sequencing of the microbiome. Up to 219 plasma metabolites were analyzed by mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results: A total of 29 stool samples were prospectively collected from 16 subjects with PDAC enrolled in PANCAX-1 who were evaluable for weight stability. Over 12 weeks of enteral feeding, statistically significant increases in the abundance of bacterial genera such as Veillonella (p=0.0150) and Actinomyces (p=0.0390) were observed, while there was a lower abundance of Bacteroides (p=0.0150) and Butyricicoccus (p=0.0390). Greater abundance of Veillonella and reduced Bifidobacterium at baseline were linked to greater weight stability. Plasma metabolomics in 10 subjects showed that weight unstable patients had significantly decreased levels of essential (L-histidine, L-phenylalanine) and non-essential amino acids (L-citrulline, L-tyrosine, all p<0.05) at the end of 12 weeks of enteral feeding. High stool Veillonella abundance was significantly associated with increases in the nucleotide 2-deoxycytidine 5-diphosphate and essential amino acid L-isoleucine but decreased TCA cycle metabolite alpha-ketoglutarate (all p<0.05).

Conclusions: We are the first to demonstrate the feasibility of stool microbiome profiling and plasma metabolomics in paired stool and plasma samples from a prospective cohort of advanced PDAC patients on enteral feeding as their primary source of nutrition. Our findings are hypothesis-generating in that metabolites unique to weight stability and abundance of stool bacterial genera may inform future studies of anti-cachexia therapies involving enteral feeding or microbial modulation.
Fibonacci-Like Sequences Reveal the Genetic Code Symmetries, also When the Amino Acids Are in a Physiological Environment
Authors: Négadi Tidjani
Published: January 2024

In this study, we once again use a set of Fibonacci-like sequences to examine the symmetries within the genetic code. This time, our focus is on the physiological state of the amino acids, considering them as charged, in contrast to our previous work where they were seen as neutral. In a pH environment around 7.4, there are four charged amino acids. We utilize the properties of our sequences to accurately describe the symmetries in the genetic code table. These include Rumer’s symmetry, the third-base symmetry and the "ideal" symmetry, along with the "supersymmetry" classification schemes. We also explore the special chemical structure of the amino acid proline, presenting two perspectives—shCherbak’s view and the Downes-Richardson view, which perspectives are included in the description of the above-mentioned symmetries. Our investigation employs also elementary modular arithmetic to precisely describe the chemical structure of proline, connecting the two views seamlessly. Finally, our Fibonacci-like sequences prove instrumental in quickly establishing the multiplet structure of non-standard versions of the genetic code. We illustrate this with an example, showcasing the efficiency of our method in unraveling the complex relationships within the genetic code.
Can Social Media-Driven Trust and Customer Happiness with a Car Dealership Increase Brand Love?
Authors: Hashem Mohamad , Ruiz Mafé Carla , Currás Pérez Rafael
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyse the drivers and outcomes of the brand love derived from consumption experiences in the automobile retail sector. On the basis of the cognition-affection-conation framework, we examine the effects of consumers’ perceptions of perceived service quality and the trust they feel towards a car dealership (cognition) on emotions and brand love (affection), and the effects of brand love on consumers´ behavioural intentions (conation). Some 1300 online questionnaires were distributed to a sample of customers who purchased a vehicle from the leading Jordanian car dealership during 2020-2022. This research provides insights into customer brand love in the automobile industry. The results showed, first, that the happiness and trust that customers felt towards the dealership, elicited by their cognitive evaluations of its personnel, price and information perceived service quality (rational assessment), triggered passionate feelings towards the car brands they bought and, second, in the automobile industry context, brand love can increase willingness to pay more, positive electronic word of mouth and resistance to negative information posted on social media about car brands.
Synchronizing TSN Devices via 802.1AS over 5G Networks
Authors: Muslim Anas Bin , Tönjes Ralf , Bauschert Thomas
Published: January 2024

The 3GPP release 16 integrates TSN functionality into 5G and standardizes various options for TSN time synchronization over 5G such as transparent mode and bridge mode. The time domains for the TSN network and the 5G network are kept separate with an option to synchronize either of the networks to the other. The TSN time synchronization over 5G is possible either by using the IEEE 1588 generalized Precision Time Protocol (gPTP) based on UDP/IP multicast or via IEEE 802.1AS based on Ethernet PDUs. The INET and Simu5G simulation frameworks, which are both based on the OMNeT++ discrete event simulator, are widely used for simulating TSN and 5G networks. The INET framework comprises the 802.1AS based time synchronization mechanism and Simu5G provides the 5G user plane carrying IP PDUs. We modified the 802.1AS based synchronization model of INET so that it works over UDP/IP. With that it is possible to synchronize TSN slaves (connected to 5G UEs), across a 5G network, with a TSN master clock, present within a TSN network, that is connected to the 5G core network. Our simulation results show that 500 microseconds synchronization accuracy can be achieved with the corrected asymmetric propagation delay of uplink and downlink between the gNodeB (gNB) and the User Equipment (UE). Futhermore, the synchronization accuracy can be improved if the delay difference between uplink and downlink is known.
Impact of Tie Strength on Sustainable Participation of Farmers in Contract Farming: Evidence from China
Authors: Gao Zhihui , Liu Xinrui , Zhang Xinling
Published: January 2024

Contract farming can reduce transaction costs and improve agricultural productivity. With the establishment of stable and effective contractual relationships, not only have agricultural products been provided with a stable market, but the standardization, refinement, and branding transformation of agricultural products can also be realized, thus further promoting the progress of agricultural modernization. The willingness of farmers to renew their contracts is a key factor in maintaining long-term, stable cooperative relationships. This research has empirically verified the impact model of tie strength between companies and farmers in contractual agriculture on the willingness of farmers to renew their contracts and revealed the working mechanism of tie strength on sustainable participation of farmers in contract farming. This study has utilized the survey data from 286 agricultural households in Inner Mongolia, China, and the method of structural equation modeling（SEM）, with the following results:(1)Interaction and reciprocity have a significant positive influence on trust. (2)Trust has a significant positive impact on farmers' willingness to renew their contracts. Also, reciprocity and interaction have an indirect impact on contract renewal willingness through trust .(3)Perception of economic value can significantly increase the contract renewal willingness of farmers and plays a mediating role between trust and contract renewal willingness.Overall, on the basis of tie strength, this research has provided a new perspective for the investigation of the sustainable stability of contract farming and empirical evidence for the sustainable development of the contract farming supply chain.
Experimental Characterization of Propeller Induced Flow (PIF) below a Multi-Rotor UAV
Authors: Flem Alexander A. , Ghirardelli Mauro , Kral Stephan T. , Cheynet Etienne , Kristensen Tor Olav , Reuder Joachim
Published: January 2024

The availability of multi-rotor UAVs with lifting capacities of several kilograms, allows for a new paradigm in atmospheric measurement techniques, i.e. the integration of research-grade sonic anemometers for airborne turbulence measurements. With their ability to hover and move very slowly, this approach yields an unrevealed flexibility compared to mast-based sonic anemometers, for a wide range of boundary layer investigations that require an accurate characterization of the turbulent flow. For an optimized sensor placement, potential disturbances by the propeller-induced flow (PIF), as well as the potential impact of the sensor weight and angular momentum on the flight performance in the case of a boom-mounted sensor, have to be considered.
Correlation Between Tumor Differentiation and Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Early Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Tufael Mr , kar Auditi , Upadhye Vijay Jagdish , Sunny Atiqur Rahman , Raposo Antonio , Islam Md. Saidul , Rashid Md Haroon Or , Hussen Mohammad Anowar , Han Heesup , Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo , Ullah Md. Sefaul , Rahman Md. Mizanur
Published: January 2024

Aim: This analytical cross-sectional study aimed to examine whether there is a correlation between tumor differentiation and certain biomarkers in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Poorly differentiated (n=443), moderately differentiated (n=379), and well-differentiated (n=272) tumors were separated from the research population, along with a control group (n=364). Biopsies were used to establish the presence of HCC, and biomarker levels were analyzed using chemiluminescence immunoassays in both infected and uninfected individuals. Results: The correlation between age and tumor size was shown to be statistically significant (p0.05) across all subgroups using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Patients with hepatitis C virus and non-A, non-B hepatitis had more advanced tumors than those with other types of poorly differentiated liver cancer. Similarly, individuals with HBsAg and moderate differentiation had bigger tumors, although there was no correlation between hepatitis C and non-A, non-B. Patients with HBsAg or hepatitis C had bigger tumors in the well-differentiated group, albeit the hepatitis C connection was not statistically significant. In addition, the study stressed that tumor size increases with age and that farmers were the most commonly diagnosed profession category. Conclusions: It is clear that early detection in infected populations is crucial for improving HCC outcomes and that chemiluminescence immunoassay has the potential to be a helpful platform for biomarker research. However, the study is limited by its small sample size and its emphasis on only three tumor markers, indicating that more biomarker research is required to improve the accuracy of HCC diagnosis and prognosis.
Edible Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Oral mRNA Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Gai Chiara , Pomatto Margherita Alba Carlotta , Deregibus Maria Chiara , Dieci Marco , Piga Alessandro , Camussi Giovanni
Published: January 2024

Nucleic acid delivery through extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a well-preserved evolutionary mechanism in all life kingdoms including eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and plants. EVs naturally allow horizontal transfer of native as well as exogenous functional mRNA, that once incorporated in EVs is protected from enzymatic degradation. The possible use of EVs as carriers for vaccine has been investigated showing that EVs expressing recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S protein induced an immune response. Moreover, EV-based vaccines presenting the natural configuration of viral antigens have advantages in conferring long lasting immunization and lower toxicity than synthetic nanoparticles. To overcome the manufacturing limitations of EVs derived from eukaryotic cells, edible plant-derived EVs have been studied as an attractive alternative for vaccine delivery, especially for mucosal administration. We recently showed that EVs obtained from orange juice (oEVs) loaded with SARS-CoV-2 mRNAs protected their cargo from enzymatic degradation and were stable at room temperature for one year. Lyophilized oEVs containing the S1 mRNA were administered to rats by gavage and they induced a specific humoral immune response with generation of blocking antibodies, including IgA, that are the first mucosal barrier in the adaptive immune response. Moreover, a Th1 cytokine secretion occurred, suggesting a specific lymphocyte activation. In conclusion, mRNA-containing oEVs could be used for developing new oral vaccines due to optimal mucosal absorption, resistance to stress conditions, and the ability to stimulate a humoral and cellular immune response.
The Feasibility of Semi-continuous and Multifrequency Thoracic Bioimpedance Measurements by a Wearable Device during Fluid Changes in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Schoutteten Melanie Kristien , Lindeboom Lucas , De Cannière Hélène , Pieters Zoë , Bruckers Liesbeth , Brys Astrid , Van der Heijden Patrick , De Moor Bart , Peeters Jacques , Van Hoof Chris , Groenendaal Willemijn , Kooman Jeroen P , Vandervoort Pieter M
Published: January 2024

Repeated single-point measurements of thoracic bioimpedance at single (low)-frequency are strongly related to fluid changes during hemodialysis. Extension to semi-continuous measurements may provide longitudinal details in the time pattern of the bioimpedance signal, and multifrequency measurements may add in-depth information on the distribution between intra- and extracellular fluid. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of semi-continuous multifrequency thoracic bioimpedance measurements by a wearable device in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, thoracic bioimpedance was recorded semi-continuously (i.e. every ten minutes) at nine frequencies (8 – 160 kHz) in 68 patients during two consecutive hemodialysis sessions, complemented by a single-point measurement at home in-between both sessions. On average, the resistance signals increased during both hemodialysis sessions and decreased during the interdialytic interval. The increase during dialysis was larger at 8 kHz (∆ 32.6 Ω during session 1 and ∆ 10 Ω during session 2) compared to 160 kHz (∆ 29.5 Ω during session 1 and ∆ 5.1 Ω during session 2). Whereas the resistance at 8 kHz showed a linear time pattern, the evolution of the resistance at 160 kHz was significantly different [p < 0.0001]. Measuring bioimpedance semi-continuously and with a multifrequency current is a major step forward in the understanding of fluid dynamics in hemodialysis patients. This study paves the road towards remote fluid monitoring.
Prediction Enhancement of Metasurface Absorbers Design Using Adaptive Cascaded Deep Learning (Acdl) Model
Authors: Ajmi Haitham Al , Bait-Suwailam Mohammed M. , Khriji Lazhar , Al-Lawati Hassan
Published: January 2024

This paper presents a customized adaptive cascaded deep learning (ACDL) model for the design and performance prediction of metasurface absorbers. A multi-resonant metasurface absorber structure is introduced, with 10 target-driven design parameters. The proposed deep learning model takes advantage of cascading several sub-deep neural network (DNN) layers with forward noise mitigation capability. The inherent appearance of sparse data is completely dealt with in this work by proposing a trained adaptive selection technique. On the basis of the findings, the prediction response is quite fast and accurate enough to retrieve the design parameters of the studied metasurface absorber and with two sized patches of 4000 and 7000 datasets. The training loss taken form the second DNN of our proposed model shows logarithmic mean squared errors of 0.039 and 0.033 when using Keras and the adaptive method, respectively, with a dataset split of 4000. On the contrary, for a dataset split of 7000, the errors are 0.049 with Keras and 0.045 with the adaptive method. On the other hand, the validation loss is evaluated using the mean square error method, which results in a loss with 4000 datasets split with the Keras method of 0.044, while it is 0.020 with the adaptive method. When extending the dataset to 7000, the validation loss with the keras splitting method is 0.0073, while it is improved, reaching 0.006 with the proposed adaptive method, and achieving a prediction accuracy of 94%. This proposed deep learning model can be deployed in the design process and synthesis of multi-resonant metasurface absorber structures. The proposed model shows its advantages of making the design process more efficient in sparse dataset handling, efficient approach in multi-resonance metasurface data pre-processing, less time consuming, and computationally valuable.
The Contribution of Tumor Necrosis Factor to Multiple Sclerosis Progression Independent of Relapses
Authors: Mazziotti Valentina , Crescenzo Francesco , Turano Ermanna , Guandalini Maddalena , Bertolazzo Maddalena , Ziccardi Stefano , Virla Federica , Camera Valentina , Marastoni Damiano , Tamanti Agnese , Calabrese Massimiliano
Published: January 2024

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine regulating many physiological and pathological immune-mediated processes. Although initially described as a tumor-cytotoxic agent, over time, it has also been recognized as an essential pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of different autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Several studies have shown an increase in TNF expression both in acute and chronic active MS brain lesions, as well as its involvement in maintaining a chronic inflammatory intrathecal process known as “compartmentalized inflammation”, which contributes to disease progression and disability accumulation in MS, even more than acute inflammatory activity. Indeed, high TNF levels were observed in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of subjects with MS and correlated to disease severity, promoting axonal damage and, consequently, neurodegeneration. In this review we discuss the current knowledge of TNF and its receptors involvement in MS progression, focusing on disability progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA), meant as the disability accumulation evident in relapsing MS patients not related to acute inflammatory events.
Identification of Dhx15 as a Major Regulator of Liver Development, Regeneration and Tumor Growth in Zebrafish and Mice
Authors: Portolés Irene , Ribera Jordi , Fernandez-Galán Esther , Lecue Elena , Casals Gregori , Melgar-Lesmes Pedro , Fernández-Varo Guillermo , Boix Loreto , Sanduzzi Marco , Aishwarya Veenu , Reig Maria , Jiménez Wladimiro , Morales-Ruiz Manuel
Published: January 2024

Background: RNA helicase DHX15 plays a significant role in vasculature development and lung metastasis in vertebrates. In addition, several studies have demonstrated the overexpression of DHX15 in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, we hypothesized that this helicase may play a significant role in liver regeneration, physiology and pathology. Methods: Dhx15 gene deficiency was generated by CRISPR/Cas9 in zebrafish and by TALEN-RNA in mice. FANA Antisense-Oligonucleotides were used to silence Dhx15 in wild-type mice. The hepatocellular carcinoma tumor induction model was generated by subcutaneous injection of Hepa 1-6 cells. Results: Homozygous Dhx15 gene deficiency was lethal in zebrafish and mouse embryos. Dhx15 gene deficiency impaired liver organogenesis in zebrafish embryos and liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice. Also, heterozygous mice presented decreased number and size of liver metastasis after Hepa 1-6 cells injection compared to wild-type mice. Dhx15 gene silencing with FANA Antisense-Oligonucleotides in wild-type mice resulted in 80% reduced expression in the liver and a significant reduction in other major organs. In addition, Dhx15 gene silencing significantly hindered primary tumor growth in the hepatocellular carcinoma experimental model. Regarding the potential use of DHX15 as a diagnostic marker for liver disease, patients with hepatocellular carcinoma showed increased levels of DHX15 in blood samples compared with subjects without hepatic affectation. Conclusion: Dhx15 is a key regulator of liver physiology and organogenesis, is increased in the blood of cirrhotic and hepatocellular carcinoma patients and has a key role in controlling hepatocellular carcinoma tumor growth and expansion in experimental models.
Use of Metallic Nanoparticles Synthesized from Plant Extracts in the Wound Healing – a Review
Authors: Gusmão Anaís Bezerra de , Albuquerque Priscilla Barbosa Sales de , Correia Ana Carolina de Carvalho
Published: January 2024

Wound healing is rarely seen as a problem in healthy individuals; however, under certain pathophysiological conditions, this process can be impaired, leading to the emergence of chronic wounds, which are themselves a serious public health problem. This work aimed to review the most important and recent literature on the use of metallic nanoparticles, in this case those produced from plant extracts, and their application as healing agents. For this, we firstly provided an insight into the pathophysiology of the wound healing process and then the main routes for obtaining metallic nanoparticles. The methodology of synthesis, which is part of the so-called green synthesis, has been the subject of several studies reporting the use of medicinal plants as subtracts for the production of different nanoparticles (of silver, gold, and zinc). Additionally, their use as wound healing agents is close related with biological properties such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and healing. Finally, we addressed in vitro and in vivo studies reporting the efficiency of metallic nanoparticles synthesized with plant extracts and applied in different pharmaceutical forms on the wound healing process. Based on these satisfactory results, we verified that metallic nanoparticles are potential therapeutic alternatives when compared to the traditional synthetic healing agents, thus foreseeing the production of new drugs in the pharmaceutical market.
Myocardial Perfusion Imaging and C-reactive Protein in Myo-Cardial Ischemia: A Retrospective Single-Center Study
Authors: Rammos Aidonis , Bechlioulis Aris , Kekiopoulou Areti , Kekiopoulos Pavlos , Katsouras Christos S. , Sioka Chrissa
Published: January 2024

Background: Inflammation is an important mechanism in atherosclerosis and plaque formation. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a common inflammatory biomarker associated with the risk of coro-nary heart disease. We investigated the relationship of CRP with findings from myocardial per-fusion imaging (MPI). Methods: In this retrospective study, 102 consecutive patients (mean age 71 years, 68% males) that underwent MPI (for diagnostic reasons or quantification of myocardial ischemia) and CRP determination (upper limit: 6mg/L) within 1 month from MPI, were included. Patients had no infection or recent acute coronary syndrome. Results: the median CRP level was 4mg/L (2,10) among the study population. Patients with raised CRP had higher summed stress score (SSS) (P = 0.006) and summed rest score (SRS) (P = 0.001) and higher risk for SSS > 3 (OR 9.25, 95% CI 2.03-42.13, P = 0.001) compared to those with low CRP. The association of SSS and SRS with CRP levels was more evident in patients over 70 years (P = 0.027 and P = 0.005 respectively). No significant difference in summed difference score was shown. The two groups had no difference in other risk factors (p > 0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusion: A high level of CRP was associated with the presence and extent of stress-induced myocardial ischemia in MPI.