bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demystifying Disruptive Innovation Phenomenon: Economic and Societal Impacts
Authors: TABBAH Roula , MARITZ Alex
Published: March 2019

This research aims to demystify disruptive innovation phenomena and its economic and societal impacts. The study is investigative in nature and highlights the gap between the current endorsed disruptive innovation theory and the actual impacts of the phenomena as evident in markets, industries, and societies. The study adopts a positivism philosophical approach and deductive reasoning that builds on secondary data from literature across multiple disciplines that have a strong correlation with the research topic and case study analysis of five market-leading organizations that have significantly impacted their respective industries. The paper presents a comprehensive definition and a conceptual framework that provides an appropriate illustration of the term disruptive innovation based on the conceptual findings. The findings reveal that despite challenging mainstream incumbents, disruptive innovation yields positive impacts on economies, consumers and societies. The research concludes by advocating further research to empirically test the conceptual framework and validate it through primary data and assess its generalizability.
A Study on the Correlation between Working Pressure and Job Satisfaction from the Viewpoint of Work Exhaustion
Authors: HUANG Kai-Ping , WANG Karen Yuan
Published: March 2019

Under the rapid industrialization, the country has become a major high-tech industry in Asia. Being an important industry in domestic strategic development, high-tech industry attracts a lot of manpower. During the depression after the financial crisis, organizations’ adoption of layoffs and unpaid leave to increase work or transfer positions induced employees’ worries. There was news about hi-tech millionaires dying young of overwork in past years. Working pressure therefore became the major problem emphasized by human resource managers. Stress management related issues have been discussed academically or practically in recent years. Aiming at high-tech employees of Hsinchu Science Park in Taiwan, 500 copies of questionnaire are distributed and 387 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 77%. The research results reveal 1.positive relations between working pressure and work exhaustion, 2.negative relations between work exhaustion and job satisfaction, and 3.negative relations between working pressureandjob satisfaction. According to the results, suggestions are proposed, expecting to assist high-tech industry in improving employees’working pressure to largely benefit employee health and industrial yield.
DETECTION AND IN-VITRO MANAGEMENT OF SEED BORNE MYCOFLORA ASSOCIATED WITH SUNFLOWER AND ZINNIA
Authors: Irshad Gulshan , Gazal Hira , Naz Farah , Hassan Imran , Bashir Amir , Ghuffar Salman
Published: March 2019

The present study was conducted to detect seed borne mycoflora associated with seven cultivars of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and five cultivars of Zinnia (Zinnia elegans L.) by using Agar and Blotter paper methods. A total 12 genera of fungi were detected including; Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp., Stemphylium helianthi, Penicillium sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Mucor sp., Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium solani, Rhizocotonia solani and Rhizopus sp. The detected fungi depleted germination  10-30%, 10-20% and seedling mortality 10-17%, 10-12%. in sunflower and Zinnia respectively. A comparative study was designed to evaluate three  fungicides to control  seed mycoflora at the rate of of 1.5g/kg, 2.0g/kg, 2.5g/kg, 3.0g/kg, Maximum germination percentage was attained in case of seed dressing with Topsin M-70  followed by Bayton and Dithane M-45 at the rate of 3.0g/kg.
ANTIMICROBIAL AND PHYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF FEW IMPORTANT XERIC PLANTS
Authors: Khan Aziz , Mehmood Sultan , Ahmad Israr , Khan Ashfaq A. , Ullah Sami , Shuaib Malik
Published: March 2019

The present study was conducted to record and report the biological activities of four selected xerophytes species of District Bannu. Phytotoxic effect of Calligonum polygonoides, Sueda fruticosa, Peganum harmala (L.) and Rosa brunonii was conducted by the germination of Cucumus sativus, Brassica olerace, Helianthu annus and Abelmoschus esculentus similarly antibacterial and antifungal activities were also carried out in libratory by using of various strains of bacteria and fungal such as Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia colli, Aspergillus niger and Aspergills flavos. All of the selected plants have inhibitory effect on bacteria growth. In this study the effect of different concentration (.5mg/ml, 10mg/ml) of shade dry leaf methanol extract of Calligonum polygonoides, Sueda fruticos, Peganum harmala (L.) and Rosa brunonii on various strains of bacteria and fungi were investigated. The results showed that the methanol extract of Calligonum polygonoides, Rosa brunonii and Peganum harmala (L.). inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi just like antibiotic but Sueda fruticosa have little inhibitory effect on Bacterial and fungal strain. Maximum growths of bacteria and fungi were occurred at positive control Petri dish (DMSO); growth were not observe at Petri plate of Tetracycline and Terbinofine test tube.Growth of bacteria and fungi was not observe in higher concentration Rosa brunonii and Calligonum polygonoides on various strains of bacteria and fungi.
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PLANT EXTRACTS IN REDUCING BEMISIA TABACI AND URDBEAN LEAF CRINKLE VIRUS (ULCV) DISEASE INCIDENCE ON GREENGRAM
Authors: Saleem Tahira , Khan Muhammad A. , Rehman Abdul , Mustafa Azher
Published: March 2019

ULCVD is the most prevailing threat to mungbean and urdbean worldwide. ULCV is a seed born virus and also transmit through insect vectors. Among all vectors, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is the most devastating vector in causing this disease. Different mungbean genotypes were sown under natural conditions. The efficacy of different plant extracts (garlic, bougainvillea, onion) against whitefly population and ULCV was determined. Results showed that plant extracts can be useful to manage the disease and vector populations. Garlic extract was found effective and minimum disease severity of 10.48% with least whitefly population 1.27, was seen on plants that were sprayed with garlic extract followed by bougainvillea and onion.
EFFECT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON MASS PRODUCTION OF TRICHODERMA SPECIES
Authors: Ghazanfar Muhammad U. , Raza Mubashar , Raza Waqas
Published: March 2019

Mycophagous fungi show antagonistic potential against plant pathogenic fungi and suggested as a promising biocontrol agent that influences by nutritional and environmental parameters. The present research was conducted with the aim to determine optimal environmental and nutritional parameters range for biomass production of Trichoderma. The two species of Trichoderma isolated from rhizosphere of citrus, wheat and tomato of different localities of district Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan and later on effect of temperature, carbon, nitrogen and pH were investigated on three strain of T. harzianum HM, HK, HC and one strain of T. asperellum TH under in vitro conditions. All strains produced statistically sufficient mass production at all temperatures but 25 °C as well as 30 °C were found ideal for mass production of Trichoderma. A substantial difference in mass production of Trichoderma isolates was recorded at different pH levels includes 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0. The pH range from 5.0 to 7.0 found to be optimum for all species of Trichoderma. All fungal species of Tricoderma produced extensive mass production on growth media supplemented with carbon and nitrogen sources such as mannose, glactose, sucrose, lactose and sodium nitrite (NaNO3), potassium nitrate (KNO3), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) as well as ammonium nitrite (NH4NO3) respectively. The optimal mass production was recorded on carbon supplemented growth medium as compared to nitrogen supplemented growth medium. Therefore, T. harzianum HK produced maximum biomass production on among all isolates of Trichoderma.
SIGNIFICANCE OF RECENT DISCOVERIES IN STRIPE RUST MANAGEMENT
Authors: Afzal Amir , Riaz Abid , Naz Farah , Irshad Gulshan , Shah Muhammad K. N. , Ijaz Muhammad
Published: March 2019

Stripe rust in wheat is the most problematic disease damaging the produce severely in wheat growing regions. In this paper findings in recent past related to yellow rust with reference to their application in the management of disease have been debated. In this regard various aspects of breeding for resistance were focused. Pathogen has adopted under the changed climatic scenario brings and disease is observed in the regions where it did not exist earlier. Rising temperatures has increased the irregularity and concentration of precipitation, causing the spread and severity of rust diseases. NB-LRR proteins are expected to play a substantial part in advanced agriculture where yield is the primary goal for screening. Biotechnology has revolutionized in biological sciences including Plant Pathology. Experts are studying the biochemical nature and the signals involved in, a plant’s responses to pathogen attack and development of disease. Plant resistance genes are being engineered into plants to defend them from plant diseases
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT SYSTEMIC FUNGICIDES AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. LYCOPERSICI ASSOCIATED WITH TOMATO WILT AND EMERGENCE OF RESISTANCE IN THE PATHOGEN
Authors: Akram Shazia , Khan Samiya M. , Khan Muhammad F. , Khan Hameed U. , Tariq Anam , Umar Umad U.D. , Gill Amir
Published: March 2019

Fusarium wilt in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Pathogen is notorious because of its adverse effect on plant growth with causing significant yields losses. Further complication is developing by raising issue of resistance in F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici particularly in developing countries due to injudicious fungicides applications in the field of tomato plant infected by this pathogen. F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was isolated from collected infected samples from tomato field in Multan, southern Punjab on Potato dextrose medium by adopting poisoned food technique. Antifungal activity of different systemic fungicides viz. Pyrimethanil, Fludioxonil, Benlate, Bromuconazole, Fosetyl-Al, Flumorph, Prochloraz, Myclobutanil, Epoxiconazole, Strobilurin, carbendazim, Fentin hydroxide, Streptomycin, Tebuconazole, Iprobenfos and azoxystrobin were tested against F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in vitro by using poisoned food technique. All tested fungicides suppressed fungal mycelial growth with significantly high or low percent inhibition ranging from 1.48 to 85.92%. Among 16 tested fungicides, different concentrations of Bloom, Prochloraz and Bromuconazole significantly inhibited fungal growth ranging from 75 to 85.92 %. Carbendazim and epic reside in the bottom with reference to their efficacy in suppression of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. The results of present research expressed that isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici develops resistance with time which causes reduced efficacy of fungicides as compared to previously published data. The results provided information about fungicides application and selection for the management of holistic disease in tomato crop in Pakistan.
Non-Human Primates as Models for Diabetes Research: A Skeptic Outlook
Authors: Qadri Rizwana , Faiq Muneeb
Published: March 2019

Apart from numerous parallels, human beings have different evolutionary, physiological and biochemical features when compared to non-human primates. This has particular relevance to our nutrition patterns, stress (and the relevant coping mechanisms) and energy metabolism. These differences make a case for Homo sapiens to be a distinct species with unusual categories of diseases for which non-human primates may not supplement as true model organisms. The comparatively larger human brain proportionate size and consequently higher energy demands, bipedal locomotion (ensuing immature brain development at birth), unique craniofacial and dental structures with increased quality, availability and bioavailability of food, distinct stress biochemistry and endocrinology with disparate adrenal and thyroid sizes to other primates predispose us to many disorders not found in other non-human primates. One of the most important of these syndromes is diabetes type-1. Since we know that autoimmune diabetes does not occur in non-human primates we may, at the outset, think that a true physiological and biochemical model of this disease in them may have important shortcomings. This paper discusses relevant physiological differences between Homo sapiens and other non-human primates lending enough support to the view that non-human primates may not substantiate as diabetes models for research. This paper puts forth imperative arguments centered upon differences between humans and other non-human primates in the light of brain size, body composition, evolutionary development, stress biochemistry, and energy metabolism.  Finally, the discussion suggests that relevant factors should be taken into consideration when studying diabetes in these animal models. JMS 2018;21(1):61-67
Innovative, yet simple method to tackle Vascular complications after Radial Artery Cannulation
Authors: Khan Talib , Sharma Neha , Wani Shaqul Qamar
Published: March 2019

Arterial cannulations are used routinely for continuous hemodynamic monitoring and blood sampling during major surgery and in critically ill patients but are not without complications. We devised simple cost-effective innovative technique in comparison to manual compression to prevent the vascular complications like hematoma formation and blood ooze from skin arteriotomy site. JMS 2018;21(1):49-50
Study of Profile, Pattern and Outcome of Oral Poisoning Cases admitted in Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in North India.
Authors: Jalali Susan , Khan Shahnawaz Hamid , Jan Farooq A , Jalali Illahay
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Poisoning is a common medico-social problem. It is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of the epidemiology of poisoning and its changes is important to both emergency physicians and public health practitioners. Our study was to determine the socio-demographic profile, pattern and outcome of the poisoning cases reported to the Emergency Department of a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: The study was a Retrospective observational type of study conducted at Sheri-Kashmir Institute of medical sciences, Srinagar J&K.  The patients with acute poisonings presenting to and managed in the Emergency Medicine department between February 2016 to February 2018 were reviewed for inclusion. Data was collected by reviewing records . Using a pre-structured format, case records of poisoning cases were reviewed for gender, age, residence, type of poison, route of poison and outcome of treatment. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis.

Results: In the present study the Female: male ratio was 1.9:1 (131 Females and 68 Males).Females outnumbered the males. Highest cases of Poisoning were reported in the age group of 10-20 years. The poisoning in extreme of ages was less observed. Maximum cases of Poisoning belongs to rural areas (60.8%). The most common implicating agents were Pesticides (75.3%). The second common cause of poisoning was drug overdose (20.52%) Maximum cases recovered after treatment (94%).

Conclusion: Pattern and magnitude of poisoning are multidimensional and demand multi-sectorial approach for facing this problem. There is a need for stringent pesticide regulation laws and counseling and training programs to reduce the incidence of poisonings. JMS 2018;21(1):24-30
Presentation of Gall Stone Ileus as Gut Obstruction
Authors: Wani Munir Ahmad , Shan Mubarak Ahmad , Andrabi Syed Muzamil , Malik Ajaz Ahmad
Published: March 2019

Gallstone ileus is an uncommon and often life-threatening complication of cholelithiasis. In this case report, we discuss a difficult diagnostic case of gallstone ileus presenting as small gut obstruction with ischemia. A 56-year-old female presented with abdominal pain and vomiting. A CT scan was performed and showed an evolving bowel obstruction with features of gut ischemia with pneumobilia although no frank hyper density suggestive of a gallstone was noted. The patient underwent emergency surgery and a 60 mm obstructing calculus was removed from the patient's jejunum, with a formal tube cholecystostomy. JMS 2018: 21 (2):117-119
Spinal Anaesthesia for Infra-umbilical Surgeries - A Prospective Randomized Study to evaluate the effectiveness of Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to Bupivacaine.
Authors: Khan Talib , Sheikh Ubaid Ahmad , Wani Shaqul Qamar , Sarwar Zarka
Published: March 2019

Background: Spinal anesthesia is commonly used anesthetic modality worldwide but with the limitation of relatively short duration of action and complain of post-operative pain. However, the addition of adjuvants have intensified and increased the duration of sensory block with concommitent prolongation of the duration of postoperative analgesia.

Study design and settings: This prospective randomized study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Critical Care at the University Teaching Hospital.

Methods: 60 patients irrespective of their age and gender were randomized equally into two groups, and received 3ml of total drug volume intrathecally (IT) viz 2.5 ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% mixed with 0.5 ml of normal saline in Group I and 0.5 ml of 5 mcg of Dexmedetomidine in Group II respectively.

Results: The maximum height of sensory block achieved were dermatomes T 6.5 ± 1.43 in Group I, and T 6.20 ± 1.28 in Group II (P value, 0.794 > 0.05) with time required to reach T10 sensory block level was 6.70 ± 0.98 min. in Group I and 5.50 ± 1.00 min. in Group II (P value, 0.001) The time to reach Bromage scale 3 was   15.70 ± 2.56 min. in Group I and 8.55 ± 1.67min. in Group II (P value, < 0.001) The time of first rescue dose requested by patient was 196.75 ± 15.16 min. in Group I, and 359.50 ± 49.79 min. in Group II (P value,  0.01)                                          

Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine in doses of 5 µg as adjuvants to hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine intrathecally produced a significantly quick onset and longer duration of motor and sensory block with benefit prolonged postoperative analgesia. JMS 2018: 21 (2):95-100
Splenic Lymphangioma: A Rare Tumour of Spleen in Adults
Authors: Chowdri Nisar A , Andrabi Syed Muzamil , Bhat Javaid Ahmad , Shah Mubashir Ahmad
Published: March 2019

Splenic Lymphangioma is a rare, benign, cystic lesion arising from malformations of splenic lymphatic channels. They are usually found in paediatric population and rarely in adults. Isolated lesions are asymptomatic and detected incidentally. However larger lesions present with abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite or a palpable mass. Surgical removal of spleen remains the treatment of choice. A 25-year-old, unmarried female presented 2 months history of pain epigastrium. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a well defined hypoechoic area in relation to the lower pole of spleen with normal splenic and portal vein. Computed tomography with contrast enhancement showed mild splenomegaly with multiple hypodense lesions with peripherally enhancing rim and decreased central attenuation with likely possibility of angiosarcoma of spleen. JMS 2018: 21 (2):122-124
Тhe effects of diversity management and inclusion on organisational outcomes: a case of multinational corporation
Authors: Ohunakin Folakemi , Adeniji Anthonia , Ogunnaike Olaleke Oluseye , Igbadume Friday , Akintayo Dayo Idowu
Published: March 2019

This article provides an empirical study on effects of diversity management and inclusion on organisational outcomes. The importance of diversity management and inclusion on organisation is of immense benefit especially in a Multinational Corporations, where diversity and inclusion are parts of their core values. However, in our context, which had been identified as the most diverse country in Africa, there is need to establish how the management and inclusion of these diverse workforce would benefit organisational activities, coupled with the fact that, there is dearth of research on these constructs in extant literature. This study investigated the effects of diversity management and inclusion on organisational outcomes (job satisfaction and job performance) among Shell Corporation employees. Pen and paper questionnaire of 384 copies were administered to the Lagos Branch employees of Shell Corporation. Cross-sectional research design was adopted. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), convergent and divergent validity, correlational analysis, and structural equation model were used for the analysis. The findings showed positive effect of diversity management and inclusion on employees’ job satisfaction and employees’ job performance. It implies that diversity management and inclusion have the potentials of assisting organisation in creating a climate in which employee will like to work harder with readiness to continue to work with the organisation.
Black Hole Mass Scaling Relations for Spiral Galaxies. I. MBH–M*,sph
Authors: Davis Benjamin L. , Graham Alister W. , Cameron Ewan
Published: March 2019

The (supermassive black hole mass, M
BH)–(bulge stellar mass,

) relation is, obviously, derived using two quantities. We endeavor to provide accurate values for the latter via detailed multicomponent galaxy decompositions for the current full sample of 43 spiral galaxies having directly measured M
BH values; 35 of these galaxies have been alleged to contain pseudobulges, 21 have water maser measurements, and three appear bulgeless. This more than doubles the previous sample size of spiral galaxies with a finessed image analysis. We have analyzed near-infrared images, accounting for not only the bulge, disk (exponential, truncated, or inclined), and bar but also spiral arms and rings and additional central components (active galactic nuclei (AGNs), etc.). A symmetric Bayesian analysis finds

=

/

 + (7.24 ± 0.12), with υ a stellar mass-to-light ratio term. The level of scatter equals that about the M
BH–σ
* relation. The nonlinear slope rules out the idea that many mergers, coupled with the central limit theorem, produced this scaling relation, and it corroborates previous observational studies and simulations, which have reported a near-quadratic slope at the low-mass end of the M
BH–

diagram. Furthermore, bulges with AGNs follow this relation; they are not offset by an order of magnitude, and models that have invoked AGN feedback to establish a linear M
BH–

relation need revisiting. We additionally present an updated M
BH–(Sérsic index, n
sph) relation for spiral galaxy bulges with a comparable level of scatter and a new

–(spiral-arm pitch angle, ϕ) relation.
Observational Predictions for Sub-Chandrasekhar Mass Explosions: Further Evidence for Multiple Progenitor Systems for Type Ia Supernovae
Authors: Polin Abigail , Nugent Peter , Kasen Daniel
Published: March 2019

We present a numerical parameter survey of sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf (WD) explosions. Carbon–oxygen WDs accreting a helium shell have the potential to explode in the sub-Chandrasekhar mass regime. Previous studies have shown how the ignition of a helium shell can either directly ignite the WD at the core–shell interface or propagate a shock wave into the the core causing a central ignition. We examine the explosions of WDs from 0.6 to 1.2 M
⊙ with helium shells of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.08 M
⊙. Distinct observational signatures of sub-Chandrasekhar mass WD explosions are predicted for two categories of shell size. Thicker-shell models show an early time flux excess, which is caused by the presence of radioactive material in the ashes of the helium shell, and red colors due to these ashes creating significant line blanketing in the UV through the blue portion of the spectrum. Thin shell models reproduce several typical Type Ia supernova signatures. We identify a relationship between Si ii velocity and luminosity that, for the first time, identifies a subclass of observed supernovae that are consistent with these models. This subclass is further delineated by the absence of carbon in their atmospheres. We suggest that the proposed difference in the ratio of selective to total extinction between the high velocity and normal velocity Type Ia supernovae is not due to differences in the properties of the dust around these events, but is rather an artifact of applying a single extinction correction to two intrinsically different populations of supernovae.
Chromium Isotopic Evidence for an Early Formation of Chondrules from the Ornans CO Chondrite
Authors: Zhu 朱 Ke 柯 , Liu Jia , Moynier Frédéric , Qin Liping , Alexander Conel M. O’D. , He Yongsheng
Published: March 2019

Chondrules are the main components of primitive meteorites and possibly the building blocks of planetary embryos and terrestrial planets. However, their ages and modes of formation are still highly debated. Here, we present high-precision Cr isotope data of nine chondrules from one of the more primitive chondrites, the CO3 chondrite Ornans. These chondrules define an external 53Mn–53Cr isochron, with an initial 53Mn/55Mn of (7.1 ± 1.6) × 10−6, corresponding to an age of 4567.6 ± 1.3 Ma when anchored to the angrite D’Orbigny (U-corrected). This age is within error of the age of formation of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs). All chondrules show a wide range of ε
54Cr values (+0.20 to +1.22) and a positive correlation between ε
53Cr and ε
54Cr values, suggesting mixing of different isotopic sources in the protoplanetary disk. This could reflect that silicate materials from the CAI-forming region (with complementary compositions to CAIs, i.e., low Mn/Cr and ε
54Cr) were transported to the accretion region of the CO chondrite parent body and mixed with CI-like material (high-Mn/Cr and ε
54Cr) during chondrule formation. Such mixing must have occurred prior to the formation of chondrule precursors. Furthermore, chondrules from chondrites with more CAIs (CV and CO) exhibit greater variability in ε
54Cr than chondrules from chondrites formed later with fewer CAIs (e.g., CB and CR), suggesting that the accretion regions of the former received more material transported from the inner solar system than the latter. This dichotomy may indicate the CB and CR chondrites accreted at greater orbital distances than other chondrites.
Coordinated UV and X-Ray Spectroscopic Observations of the O-type Giant ξ Per: The Connection between X-Rays and Large-scale Wind Structure*

†
Authors: Massa Derck , Oskinova Lida , Prinja Raman , Ignace Richard
Published: March 2019

We present new, contemporaneous Hubble Space Telescope STIS and XMM-Newton observations of the O7 III(n)((f)) star ξ Per. We supplement the new data with archival IUE spectra, to analyze the variability of the wind lines and X-ray flux of ξ Per. The variable wind of this star is known to have a 2.086-day periodicity. We use a simple, heuristic spot model that fits the low-velocity (near-surface) IUE wind line variability very well, to demonstrate that the low-velocity absorption in the new STIS spectra of N iv λ1718 and Si iv λ1402 vary with the same 2.086-day period. It is remarkable that the period and amplitude of the STIS data agree with those of the IUE spectra obtained 22 yr earlier. We also show that the time variability of the new XMM-Newton fluxes is also consistent with the 2.086-day period. Thus, our new, multiwavelength coordinated observations demonstrate that the mechanism that causes the UV wind line variability is also responsible for a significant fraction of the X-rays in single O stars. The sequence of events for the multiwavelength light-curve minima is Si iv λ1402, N iv λ1718, and X-ray flux, each separated by a phase of about 0.06 relative to the 2.086-day period. Analysis of the X-ray fluxes shows that they become softer as they weaken. This is contrary to expectations if the variability is caused by periodic excess absorption. Furthermore, the high-resolution X-ray spectra suggest that the individual emission lines at maximum are more strongly blueshifted. If we interpret the low-velocity wind line light curves in terms of our model, it implies that there are two bright regions, i.e., regions with less absorption, separated by 180°, on the surface of the star. We note that the presence and persistence of two spots separated by 180° suggest that a weak dipole magnetic field is responsible for the variability of the UV wind line absorption and X-ray flux in ξ Per.
An Ordered Envelope–Disk Transition in the Massive Protostellar Source G339.88-1.26
Authors: Zhang Yichen , Tan Jonathan C. , Sakai Nami , Tanaka Kei E. I. , De Buizer James M. , Liu Mengyao , Beltrán Maria T. , Kratter Kaitlin , Mardones Diego , Garay Guido
Published: March 2019

We report molecular line observations of the massive protostellar source G339.88-1.26 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array. The observations reveal a highly collimated SiO jet extending from the 1.3 mm continuum source, which connects to a slightly wider but still highly collimated CO outflow. Rotational features perpendicular to the outflow axis are detected in various molecular emissions, including SiO, SO2, H2S, CH3OH, and H2CO emissions. Based on their spatial distributions and kinematics, we find that they trace different parts of the envelope–disk system. The SiO emission traces the disk and inner envelope in addition to the jet. The CH3OH and H2CO emissions mostly trace the infalling-rotating envelope and are enhanced around the transition region between envelope and disk, i.e., the centrifugal barrier. The SO2 and H2S emissions are enhanced around the centrifugal barrier and also trace the outer part of the disk. Envelope kinematics are consistent with rotating-infalling motion, while those of the disk are consistent with Keplerian rotation. The radius and velocity of the centrifugal barrier are estimated to be about 530 au and 6

, respectively, leading to a central mass of about 11 M
⊙, consistent with estimates based on spectral energy distribution fitting. These results indicate that an ordered transition from an infalling-rotating envelope to a Keplerian disk through a centrifugal barrier, accompanied by changes of types of molecular line emissions, is a valid description of this massive protostellar source. This implies that at least some massive stars form in a similar way to low-mass stars via core accretion.
The role of herbivorous insects and pathogens in the regeneration dynamics of Guazuma ulmifolia in Panama
Authors: Solé Raphaële , Gripenberg Sofia , Lewis Owen T. , Markesteijn Lars , Barrios Héctor , Ratz Tom , Ctvrtecka Richard , Butterill Philip T. , Segar Simon T. , Metz Mark A. , Dahl Chris , Rivera Marleny , Viquez Karina , Ferguson Wessley , Guevara Maikol , Basset Yves
Published: March 2019

A significant proportion of the mortality of rainforest trees occurs during early life stages (seeds and seedlings), but mortality agents are often elusive. Our study investigated the role of herbivorous insects and pathogens in the early regeneration dynamics of Guazumaulmifolia (Malvaceae), an important tree species in agroforestry in Central America. We reared pre-dispersal insect seed predators from G.ulmifolia seeds in Panama. We also carried out an experiment, controlling insects and pathogens using insecticide and/or fungicide treatments, as well as seed density, and compared survivorship of G.ulmifolia seeds and seedlings among treatments and relative to untreated control plots. We observed (1) high pre-dispersal attack (92%) of the fruits of G.ulmifolia, mostly by anobiine and bruchine beetles; (2) negligible post-dispersal attack of isolated seeds by insects and pathogens; (3) slow growth and high mortality (> 95%) of seedlings after 14 weeks; (4) low insect damage on seedlings; and (5) a strong positive correlation between seedling mortality and rainfall. We conclude that for G.ulmifolia at our study site the pre-dispersal seed stage is by far the most sensitive stage to insects and that their influence on seedling mortality appears to be slight as compared to that of inclement weather. Thus, the regeneration of this important tree species may depend on effective primary dispersal of seeds by vertebrates (before most of the seed crop is lost to insects), conditioned by suitable conditions in which the seedlings can grow.
Caves and karst of the Yorkshire dales, Volume 2: The Caves
Authors: Šušteršič France
Published: March 2019

The book is the obvious complement and continuation of the first part, which was published in 20131. One must emphasize that the two volumes are intended to be just the beginning of a series of similar publications that will cover all important karst regions in Britain. As before, the actual, paperback issue (hardback is also available) is in A4- format. In the future both volumes will be accessible as electronic versions, and some of the digital chapters will undergo revision if significant discoveries or scientific breakthroughs are made.
Comunicação, conectividade e dissenso em movimentos sociais: uma análise sobre “los indignados”
Authors: Azevedo Curvello João José , Rodrigues Mateus Tatiane
Published: March 2019

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a dinâmica da comunicação no contexto do dissenso, especificamente nas manifestações espanholas de 2011. De forma sucinta, busca apontar a relevância das relações comunicacionais nos novos movimentos sociais, tomando como embasamento teórico, a Teoria dos Sistemas Sociais e suas derivações. Estes movimentos de protestos apesar de não significarem sistemas funcionais clássicos se aproximam do conceito de organizações efêmeras. São objetivos deste trabalho : compreender o contexto sistêmico do processo dessas manifestações na Espanha, conhecer a dinâmica das relações comunicacionais no ambiente de dissenso e analisar a trajetória sistêmico-comunicacional do movimento “Los Indignados”. Nesse sentido, o problema central do estudo refere-se à importância da perspectiva sistêmica quando tratarmos de movimentos sociais, refletindo sobre os sistemas envolvidos, suas relações de comunicação e poder e as estratégias e instrumentos, sobretudo os digitais, utilizados nos processos de comunicação e mobilização.
Politiques internationales de solidarité numérique en Afrique
Authors: Tchéhouali Destinity
Published: March 2019

Ce texte dresse un bilan des politiques internationales dans le domaine du développement numérique des pays du Sud en examinant les initiatives de solidarité numérique menées entre 2009 et 2013 par l’Agence (ASN) et le Fonds mondial de solidarité numérique (FSN) en Afrique. L’analyse s’appuie sur une démarche d’observation participante réalisée dans un contexte de recherche-action ainsi que sur des études de cas spécifiques de projets d’éducation numérique et de télémédecine, permettant de faire ressortir les écarts significatifs et les contradictions entre d’une part les discours des institutions promotrices de la solidarité numérique internationale et les objectifs de leurs projets ou programmes et d’autre part les attentes des publics bénéficiaires et les résultats concrets obtenus à l’issue de l’implémentation de ces projets sur le terrain.
l’Afrique entre communautés traditionnelles et monde virtuel
Authors: Donsimoni Myriam
Published: March 2019

Des contre-cultures aux cybercultures, les quatre dernières décennies du XXe siècle ont été le théâtre des plus spectaculaires transformations de la vie quotidienne. Ces dernières peuvent être interprétées comme l’évolution normale des sociétés occidentales, qui sont plus ou moins habituées à aller vite ; mais comment les envisager dans les pays en voie de développement, marqués par une économie déstructurée et une société encore imbriquée dans les communautés traditionnelles ?Dans cette étude, nous nous interrogeons sur la cohérence entre l’esprit communautaire, tel qu’il persiste en Afrique, et la culture numérique, qui attire et concerne de plus en plus de jeunes. Assistons-nous à une mise en dynamique vers plus de développement économique et social grâce à l’outil numérique, ou bien est-ce une ingérence occidentale supplémentaire dans un système non encore abouti qui ne pourra que s’en trouver encore plus déstructuré ?Les populations africaines sont encore fortement attachées aux communautés traditionnelles où elles puisent leur mode de vie, leur identité. Le risque inhérent aux communautés traditionnelles est un certain communautarisme que certains accusent d’entraver le processus de développement. Internet et les communautés virtuelles prennent ici tout leur sens, car, contrairement aux communautés traditionnelles, elles ouvrent les portes du monde et facilitent la communication.
L’innovation en éducation, un enjeu majeur pour les pays francophones
Authors: Oillo Didier
Published: March 2019

Le terrain de notre questionnement est celui de la francophonie institutionnelle, notamment celle des Suds, sur le nécessaire changement éducatif dans les pays les moins avancés. Face à une démographie galopante, il est banal de dire que les méthodes traditionnelles d’enseignement ne sont plus adaptées. Les technologies peuvent-elles être une alternative à un enseignement tout à la fois de qualité et de masse, notamment en Afrique, le continent dont l’essor démographique important n’est pas en relation avec son développement économique.Nous aborderons notre propos par un constat démographique et nous émettrons l’hypothèse que les innovations de rupture en pédagogie peuvent apporter une solution si elles ne sont pas considérées seulement dans leur aspect expérimental et qu’elles tendent vers un passage à l’échelle.
Connectivité et isolement dans le monde scolaire mexicain
Authors: Toudert Djamel
Published: March 2019

À l’heure où l’importance de l’Internet dans l’enseignement est de plus en plus discutée, l’essai examine l’impact de l’isolement sur la disponibilité de ce service en fonction de l’offre publique ou privée, le type d’établissement, le niveau d’enseignement et le contexte socio-territorial des écoles mexicaines. Cette recherche a été menée grâce aux données issues du dernier recensement des établissements scolaires, mais aussi à une information géographique diverse qui a permis la confection d’un indicateur d’isolement. L’analyse des distributions quantitatives et les preuves d’indépendance permettent de confirmer l’incidence significative de l’isolement géographique sur la disponibilité d’Internet dans les écoles. De plus, ce lien semble se renforcer d’avantage dans le cas des établissements scolaires auxquels l’action publique assigne une mission d’intégration dans les contextes de marginalisation.
Communication networks: disaster in Paracatu de Baixo
Authors: Burkhardt Furlani Bruna , Souza de Jesus Marcelo
Published: March 2019

This paper observes the flow of information established on the communication on the event of Samarco’s mining company toxic waste dam rupture to the residents’ network in Paracatu de Baixo, second site to be hit by the muddy flood. The accident occurred in November 5th 2015 in the region next to the city Mariana, in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. The study involved two trips to Paracatu de Baixo, a Monsenhor Horta’s subdistrict. The research was made with the application of questionnaires, of personal interviews with 10 local families, and talks with other 40 people involved on the historical context. Altogether, the networks counted with the participation of 186 actors. The results pointed out that the population was not prepared to the risks and that the main information issuers were spontaneous community leaderships (the majority being teachers of the school in the subdistrict). At the location, word of mouth communication was more efficient than that made via Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) because people were close to one another during the disaster and also because of the community’s low access to technology.
L’expérience mexicaine « nutrinet-santé »
Authors: Barriguete-Melendez Armando
Published: March 2019

NutriNet-Salud México, est un système d’information numérique sur la santé, instrument d’e-épidémiologie, en ligne, ouvert et gratuit, pour l’enregistrement et l’analyse des déterminants des habitudes alimentaires et de l’état nutritionnel de la population mexicaine, pour prévenir le surpoids, l’obésité et les maladies non transmissibles chroniques (ECNT) pour la période 2017-2027.
Usages de l’internet par les personnes âgées en Turquie
Authors: Ülbay Aytuna Nazlı
Published: March 2019

La présente étude consiste à mettre en perspective et à débattre de l’usage d’Internet par les personnes âgées à partir d’une enquête qualitative réalisée en Turquie. Ladite recherche repose sur des entretiens semi- directifs réalisés auprès de 36 personnes âgées (plus de 65 ans) vivant à Istanbul. L’échantillon de l’étude, composé de 20 utilisateurs et de 16 non-utilisateurs, englobe des entretiens qui se situent dans une approche théorique des usages et de la notion de gratification en se posant les questions de ce que font les personnes âgées avec l’Internet.Quelles sont leurs motivations et leurs habitudes ? En effet, la Turquie, à l’instar d’autres pays européens, devra faire face, dans un avenir proche, à un accroissement de la population âgée. Or, les individus composant cette démographie croissante disposent d’un certain nombre de barrières qui les empêchent de s’adapter aux besoins de la société de l’information. En exposant ainsi les difficultés d’intégrer la population âgée à l’usage de l’Internet, la présente recherche vise à souligner le risque de négligence d’une partie importante de la population dans la société d’information.
Migrantes conectados. El impacto de la telefonía móvil en la migración
Authors: Castro Cabalceta Daniela
Published: March 2019

Les constants progrès en matière des technologies mobiles ont un fort impact sur les activités humaines de façon générale et dans le cas des migrations internationales ils sont en train de créer une série de caractéristiques particulières qui différencient ces flux migratoires des ses étapes antérieures. L´augmentation récente et accélérée de l´arrivée de migrants sans papiers de nationalité haïtienne et africains dans le territoire costaricien nous a permis de développer des réflexions autour du sujet de l´impact des NTICS sur ces populations dans son expérience migratoire, situation où l´intense mobilité des personnes fait du téléphone portable un instrument indispensable pour le bon accomplissement de leur déplacement à travers le continent.
Opportunités du téléphone portable pour la construction de nouvelles représentations
Authors: Cyrulnik Natacha
Published: March 2019

Dans le cadre d’ateliers audiovisuels, les réalisateurs Pilar Arcila et Jean- Marc Lamoure ont proposé à des jeunes des quartiers défavorisés de la ville de Port-Saint-Louis-du- Rhône de faire de petits films avec leurs téléphones portables. Alors que ces ateliers de pratiques artistiques sont généralement initiés à l’aide d’une caméra, ce sont les propres téléphones portables des jeunes qui deviennent cette fois l’outil pour réaliser une représentation filmique de leur territoire particulier. Dans ce processus de médiologie (Debray, 1994 ; Bougnoux, 1998), l’outil téléphone permet à la fois de s’emparer d’un objet intime pour construire une nouvelle représentation filmique, du monde, et de soi.
Herramienta tecnológica de estimulación temprana para familias costarricenses
Authors: Madriz Linda , Soto Lorena , Collado Lennin , Segura Alex
Published: March 2019

Se presenta el proceso de validación y pilotaje de los instrumentos del proyecto “Detección, estimulación y atención temprana para la prevención de la discapacidad en niños y niñas costarricenses con una condición de riesgo biológico: Herramienta Tecnológica para familias y cuidadores”. El objetivo principal de dicha herramienta es que pueda ser utilizada por familias, cuidadores y profesionales. Tiene dos componentes básicos, el primero está integrado por una serie de escalas de desarrollo, que comprenden desde el 1 mes de vida hasta los 48 meses de vida. El segundo, tiene un enfoque formativo para dotar de conocimientos y estrategias para la estimulación y atención temprana de los destinatarios por medio de una serie de materiales audiovisuales. La principal ventaja es que al ser parte de la tecnología móvil es asincrónico y esta disponibilidad facilita reducir las barreras de índole cultural, económicas y geográficas.
Espaço público e ativismo em rede: o caso Maka Angola
Authors: Ayres Cássia , Babo Isabel
Published: March 2019

Nous voulons poser quelques questions sur les conditions d’existence d’un espace public de communication dans le contexte d’une société en voie de démocratisation. De ce fait, on se propose à analyser le cas de la plate-forme de communication Maka Angola, en examinant son rôle dans l’espace public angolais, dans la perspective de la communication démocratique et de l’émancipation des populations. Pour cela, les notions d’espace public, d’activisme en réseau ou de net-activisme et de médias alternatifs sont mobilisées. On remarque et discute que Maka Angola est en train de contribuer à stimuler l’espace public angolais, dans la mesure où elle soulève la formulation et la publicisation de problèmes publics, elle déclenche un ample débat critique et encourage la prise en compte de voix marginalisées, en favorisant ainsi l’émancipation et pouvant cet effet être compris du point de vue de la communication pour le développement. Cela nous permet d’évaluer le rôle des nouveaux médias numériques dans l’émergence d’espaces publics pluriels dans lesquels les individus acquièrent visibilité, voix, pouvoir et de nouvelles formes de mobilisation.
Couvrir une actualité de crise terroriste : un dispositif « web first » ?
Authors: Jardon Quentin , Puissant Baeyens Sandrine , Van Dievoet Lara
Published: March 2019

Le Brussels Lockdown et les attentats de Bruxelles ont généré une importante couverture de la part des médias traditionnels francophones belges, notamment au travers de leurs sites internet. Ces deux périodes ont été caractérisées par une augmentation forte et une restructuration de l’audience des sites d’information. À partir de deux vagues d’entretiens semi- directifs auprès de neuf responsables de rédactions web, cet article se penche sur le rôle de ce support dans la couverture du Lockdown et des attentats de Bruxelles par les rédactions traditionnelles francophones belges, sur le plan organisationnel et sur celui de la production de contenu. L’analyse met en évidence un paradoxe : les rédactions tentent de gérer la demande d’instantanéité par une politique web first, mais en période de crise, peu de moyens humains supplémentaires peuvent être alloués au Web dans les rédactions « traditionnelles ».