bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sacroplasty procedural extravasation with high viscosity bone cement: comparing the intraoperative long-axis versus short-axis techniques in osteoporotic cadavers
Authors: Miller Jeffrey W , Diani Art , Docsa Steve , Ashton Kristi , Sciamanna Michele
Published: July 2016

Introduction

Percutaneous sacroplasty involves image-guided injection of bone cement for sacral insufficiency fractures to alleviate pain and facilitate mobility. Correct sacral placement of the cement and the risk of cement extravasation present procedural challenges. This study compares the occurrence, number, location, and surface area of high viscosity radiopaque bone cement extravasation via biplane fluoroscopy with Dyna CT between the fluoroscopically-guided intraoperative long-axis and short-axis sacroplasty techniques in osteoporotic cadavers.

Methods

Ten osteoporotic cadavers underwent bilateral percutaneous instillation of VertaPlex HV High Viscosity Radiopaque Bone Cement. Long- and short-axis sacroplasty techniques were randomly assigned to zone 1 of the left or right sacral ala of each cadaver. Cement extravasation data were summarized by technique (long-axis vs short-axis) and time period (15-min and 3-hour post-procedure syngo DynaCT scan) in the form of point and CI estimates for the true proportions of cement extravasation.

Results

No procedural sacral extravasation differences were observed between the long-axis and short-axis sacroplasty techniques. There were no occurrences of intra-procedural or post-procedural cement extravasation at 15 min or 3 hours in association with either the long-axis sacroplasty technique or the short-axis sacroplasty technique.

Conclusions

The long- and short-axis sacroplasty techniques, using high viscosity cement with careful post-procedural positioning, result in no occurrence of cement extravasation in porous osteoporotic cadaver bone.
Fatigue and damage properties of frozen silty sand samples subjected to cyclic triaxial loading
Authors: Liu Enlong , Lai Yuanming , Liao Mengke , Liu Xingyan , Hou Feng
Published: July 2016

Cyclic triaxial tests were conducted to explore the influences of dynamic axial loading on the dynamic features and fatigue of frozen silty sand, using an MTS-810 apparatus from Material Testing Systems (MTS). The temperature was −15 °C, and the cyclic axial loads with different amplitudes at 1.0 Hz were applied under confining pressures of 0.6, 1.4, and 6.0 MPa. The cyclic triaxial test results demonstrate that the residual axial strain of the frozen silty sand samples increases gradually during the initial cycles and then increases with increasing number of cycles at a constant speed until failure. The residual volumetric strain contracts during the initial loading cycles and then dilates until failure. Both the residual strain method and the residual volumetric strain method proposed here can be used to describe the degradation process in frozen silty sand samples subjected to cyclic loading. The dynamic axial stiffness of a frozen sample decreases rapidly in the initial cycles and then approaches a stable value with increasing cycle number. The initial damage increases when the stress ratio increases; the larger the stress ratio, the smaller the number of cycles at failure.
Theoretical study on the mechanism of iridium-catalyzed γ-functionalization of primary alkyl C–H bonds
Authors: Li Zhe , Xia Miaoren , Boyd Russell J.
Published: July 2016

The mechanism of the iridium-catalyzed functionalization of a primary C–H bond at the γ position of an alcohol 5 is investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A new IrIII–IrV mechanism is found to be more feasible than the previously reported IrI–IrIII mechanism. 10 In the IrIII–IrV mechanism, the reaction begins with the initial formation of (Me4phen)IrIII(H)[Si(OR)Et2]2 from the catalyst precursor, [Ir(cod)OMe]2 (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene). The catalytic cycle includes five steps: (1) the insertion of norbornene into the Ir–H bond to produce (Me4phen)IrIII(norbornyl)[Si(OR)Et2]2 (R = –CH(C2H5)C3H7); (2) the Si–H oxidative addition of HSi(OR)Et2 to form (Me4phen)IrVH(norbornyl)[Si(OR)Et2]3; (3) the reductive elimination of norbornane to furnish (Me4phen)IrIII[Si(OR)Et2]3; (4) the intramolecular C–H activation of the primary C–H bond at the γ position; and (5) the Si–C reductive elimination to produce the final product and regenerate the catalyst. The highest barrier in the IrIII–IrV mechanism is 7.3 kcal/mol lower than that of the IrI–IrIII mechanism. In addition, the regioselectivity of the C–H activation predicted by this new IrIII–IrV mechanism is consistent with experimental observation.
Effect of high pressure on the topography of potential energy surfaces
Authors: Spooner Jacob , Smith Brandon , Weinberg Noham
Published: July 2016

Properties and reactivity of chemical compounds change dramatically at elevated pressures. Since kinetics and mechanisms of condensed-phase reactions are described in terms of their potential energy (PESs) or Gibbs energy (GESs) surfaces, chemical effects of high pressure can be assessed through analysis of pressure-induced deformations of GESs of solvated reaction systems. We discuss general trends expected for such changes and use quantum mechanical calculations to construct PESs of compressed species for hydrogen and methyl transfer reactions.
A well-behaved charged anisotropic Tolman VII space–time
Authors: Singh Ksh. Newton , Rahaman Farook , Pant Neeraj
Published: July 2016

We present a new exact solution of charged anisotropic Tolman VII type solution representing compact stars. Here the transverse pressure and sound speed are decreasing in nature and well behaved. These solutions can be used to model both neutron star and quark star within the range of observed masses and radii. For particular values of constant parameters, we present a neutron star of mass 0.924 [Formula: see text] with radius 11.55 km and a quark star of mass 0.7 [Formula: see text] with radius 8.76 km. The model predicts a surface gravitational redshift of 0.145 for a particular choice of constant parameters. Also, the compactness parameter (i.e., M/R = 0.119) is less than 4/9 and satisfies the Buchdahl–Andréasson limit. Indeed, our charged anisotropic solution also satisfies the Cooperstock and De La Cruz condition as M/Q = 13.74 > 1, which is needed for a configuration to be at equilibrium.
A New Human Eye Tracking Algorithm of Optimized TLD Based on Improved Mean-Shift
Authors: Wu Tunhua , Wang Ping , Yin Shengnan , Lin Yezhi
Published: July 2016

In this paper, an improved Mean-shift algorithm was integrated with standard tracking–learning–detection (TLD) model tracker for improving the tracking effects of standard TLD model and enhancing the anti-occlusion capability and the recognition capability of similar objectives. The target region obtained by the improved Mean-shift algorithm and the target region obtained by the TLD model tracker are integrated to achieve favorable tracking effects. Then the optimized TLD tracking system was applied to human eye tracking. In the tests, the model can be self-adopted to partial occlusion, such as eye-glasses, closed eyes and hand occlusion. And the roll angle can approach 90[Formula: see text], raw angle can approach 45[Formula: see text] and pitch angle can approach 60[Formula: see text]. In addition, the model never mistakenly transfers the tracking region to another eye (similar target on the same face) in longtime tracking. Experimental results indicate that: (1) the optimized TLD model shows sound tracking stability even when targets are partially occluded or rotated; (2) tracking speed and accuracy are superior to those of the standard TLD and some mainstream tracking methods. In summary, the optimized TLD model show higher robustness, stability and better responding to complex eye tracking requirement.
Velocity operator approach to quantum fluid dynamics in a three-dimensional neutron–proton system
Authors: Nishiyama Seiya , da Providência João
Published: July 2016

In the preceeding paper, introducing [Formula: see text]-dependent density operators and defining exact momenta (collective variables), we could get an exact canonically momenta approach to a one-dimensional (1D) neutron–proton (NP) system. In this paper, we attempt at a velocity operator approach to a 3D NP system. Following Sunakawa, after introducing momentum density operators, we define velocity operators, denoting classical fluid velocities. We derive a collective Hamiltonian in terms of the collective variables.
Inhomogeneous and transverse field effects on time delayed optical bistability inside and outside the rotating wave approximation
Authors: Sharaby Y. A. , Lynch S. , Hassan S. S.
Published: July 2016

This paper is concerned with non-autonomous Maxwell–Bloch equations when subject to a time delay. We investigate the dynamical behavior of an optical bistable system for inhomogeneous Lorentzian broadening and transverse Gaussian field effects interacting with a single mode ring cavity both inside and outside the rotating wave approximation. Results show that the known bistable behavior of the device can be affected by instabilities. However, in some cases, for instance, when the incident Gaussian laser beam waist is less than that of cylindrical atomic sample, a large butterfly hysteresis is demonstrated in the fundamental field component. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first time that such behavior has been demonstrated.
Designing a photonic crystal fiber for an ultra-broadband parametric amplification in telecommunication region
Authors: Pakarzadeh Hassan , Taghizadeh Mostafa , Hatami Mohsen
Published: July 2016

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) in the telecommunication region is designed and an ultra-broadband fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) based on such PCF is simulated. Results show that the PCF-based FOPA exhibits much higher gain with a very broad bandwidth (covering O- to U-band) in comparison with the highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF)-based FOPA. Also, the required fiber length and the input pump power are reduced for the PCF-based FOPA. The obtained results show the great potential of the PCF-based OPA for the telecommunication applications, e.g. amplification of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) signals.
Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser operating at 1502nm with molybdenum disulfide saturable absorber
Authors: Ismail E. I. , Kadir A. , Latiff A. A. , Ahmad H. , Harun S. W.
Published: July 2016

We demonstrate a Q-switched Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) using a molybdenum disulfide (MoS[Formula: see text]-based saturable absorber (SA) as a Q-switcher. The SA is prepared from commercial available MoS2 pristine flakes with final solution concentration of [Formula: see text]0.02[Formula: see text]mg/ml. The Q-switcher is assembled by depositing a dried MoS2 onto a fiber ferule facet before it is matched with another clean ferrule via a connector. By increasing the pump power from 120[Formula: see text]mW to 160[Formula: see text]mW, stable generation of Q-switched EDFL incorporating MoS2 SA has been obtained at 1502[Formula: see text]nm wavelength. The pulse repetition rate also varies from 45.2[Formula: see text]kHz to 66.0[Formula: see text]kHz with pulse width which is increased from 2.73[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s to 3.19[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s. At pump power of 160[Formula: see text]mW, we successfully generated the maximum average output power of 0.51[Formula: see text]mW, corresponding to a pulse energy of 7.8[Formula: see text]nJ.
Adaptive Model Predictive Control Research on Regenerative Braking for Electric Bus Cruising Downhill
Authors: Guo-Zhu Zhao , Xiang Huang , Xing Peng
Published: July 2016

To use regenerative brake and mechanical brake co-operatively to maintain the constant speed and the braking energy can be regenerated as much as possible when vehicles travel downhill, the mathematical model of the braking system is established, and the adaptive model predictive control method is adopted to control the speed of vehicles. The recursive least square algorithm with the forgetting factor is used to identify the road gradient online. And then the control results of the adaptive model predictive control are compared with the results of PID control, simulation results show that the robustness and the stability of the adaptive model predictive control method are better. The speed can be maintained basic stability with the coordinated use of the regenerative braking and the mechanical braking. Meanwhile, the braking energy can be regenerated as much as possible as the regenerative braking system can be used as much as possible. Moreover, as the charge acceptance ability of the battery is restricted, the brake mode switching model is designed. The braking mode can be switched between the electro-mechanical braking system and mechanical braking system according to the SOC of the batteries.
Design and Analysis of Passive Y-Type Micromixers for Enhanced Mixing Performance for Biomedical and Microreactor Application
Authors: Sarma Pranjal , Patowari P. K.
Published: July 2016

In this paper, endeavor has been made to design and analyze different Y-type micromixers by characterizing the mixing and flow behavior in ultra-low Reynolds number region. The effects of different geometric and flow parameters on the mixing and pressure drop are studied through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The parameters investigated are obstacle geometry, obstacle arrangement, obstacle depth, aspect ratio (AR), entrance angle ([Formula: see text], Reynolds number (Re) and obstacle packing factor (OPF). The simulation results reveal that rectangular shaped obstacles in staggered arrangement gives the best mixing. Increasing obstacle depth and OPF increases both mixing and pressure drop whereas increasing entrance angle enhances mixing but has negligible effect on pressure drop. Also both the mixing and pressure drop performance enhances with decreasing AR and lower Reynolds number gives better mixing in the lower laminar flow region.
Generalized derivations on Lie ideals in prime rings
Authors: Yadav V. K. , Tiwari S. K. , Sharma R. K.
Published: July 2016

Let [Formula: see text] be a [Formula: see text]-torsion free prime ring, and [Formula: see text] a square closed Lie ideal of [Formula: see text] Further let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be generalized derivations associated with derivations [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively on [Formula: see text] If one of the following conditions holds: (i) [Formula: see text] (ii) [Formula: see text] (iii) [Formula: see text] (iv) [Formula: see text] (v) [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text] then it is proved that either [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]
Designing Interactive Multiswimmer Exergames
Authors: Choi Woohyeok , Oh Jeungmin , Park Taiwoo , Kang Seongjun , Moon Miri , Lee Uichin , Hwang Inseok , Edge Darren , Song Junehwa
Published: July 2016

The unique aquatic nature of swimming makes it difficult to use social or technical strategies to mitigate the tediousness of monotonous exercises. In this study, we propose the use of a smartphone-based multiplayer exergame named
MobyDick
. MobyDick is designed to be played while swimming, where a team of swimmers collaborate to hunt down a virtual monster. To this end, we take into account both human factors and technical challenges under swimming contexts. First, we perform a comparative analysis of a variety of wireless networking technologies in the aquatic environment and identify various technical constraints on wireless networking. Second, we develop a swimming activity recognition system to enable precise and real-time game inputs. Third, we devise a multiplayer game design by employing the unique interaction mode viable in an underwater environment, where the abilities of human communication are highly limited. Finally, we prototype MobyDick on waterproof off-the-shelf Android phones, and we deploy it in real swimming pool environments (
n
= 8). Our qualitative analysis of user interview data reveals certain unique aspects of multiplayer swimming games.
Planarizing Gadgets for Perfect Matching Do Not Exist
Authors: Gurjar Rohit , Korwar Arpita , Messner Jochen , Straub Simon , Thierauf Thomas
Published: July 2016

To reduce a graph problem to its planar version, a standard technique is to replace crossings in a drawing of the input graph by planarizing gadgets. We show unconditionally that such a reduction is not possible for the perfect matching problem and also extend this to some other problems related to perfect matching. We further show that there is no planarizing gadget for the Hamiltonian cycle problem.
SASO 2014
Authors: Viroli Mirko , Diaconescu Ada , Kandasamy Nagarajan
Published: July 2016

The international conference IEEE SASO (Self-Adapting and Self-Organizing Systems) is the main forum for studying and discussing the foundations of a principled approach to engineering systems, networks, and services based on self-adaptation and self-organization. Over the past decade, it has consolidated as the primary scientific conference for sharing ideas on algorithms, technologies, tools, and applications across a wide range of scientific fields. In 2014, the conference was hosted by Imperial College in London, United Kingdom; its scientific program comprised full papers, short papers, poster presentations, demo sessions, workshops, and tutorials. This special issue of
ACM TAAS
champions some of the most solid research results of SASO 2014, presenting selected, revised, and extended best articles.
Making physiology learning memorable: a mobile phone-assisted case-based instructional strategy
Authors: Kukolja Taradi S. , Taradi M.
Published: July 2016

The goal of the present study was to determine whether an active learning/teaching strategy facilitated with mobile technologies can improve students' levels of memory retention of key physiological concepts. We used a quasiexperimental pretest/posttest nonequivalent group design to compare the test performances of second-year medical students ( n = 311) taught by conventional didactic methods (traditional group) with those involved in a case-based problem-solving learning approach facilitated with mobile phones as web-based “clickers” (experimental group). Using their cell phones, students answered the same questions about the key physiological concepts three times. A pretest to determine their baseline knowledge was followed by two followup tests after 1 wk and 2 mo, respectively. The experimental group scored a mean of 93.2% correct items after 1 wk and 84.8% correct items after 2 mo [95% confidence intervals: (89.4, 97.0) and (79.4, 90.3), respectively]. Compared with their colleagues in the traditional group who scored 33.3% [95% confidence interval: (18.9, 47.8)] and 38.5% [95% confidence interval: (23.6, 53.4)] correct items, respectively, this was a significant increase of ∼50% ( P < 0.0001). Furthermore, for the experimental group, Cohen's effect size ( d) values of d = 1.67 (1-wk posttest) and d = 1.38 (2-mo posttest) suggested a very high practical significance. In contrast, in the traditional group, Cohen's d values of d = 0.04 (1-wk posttest) and d = 0.15 (2-mo posttest) assumed a very low practical significance.
Connective tissue growth factor is critical for proper β-cell function and pregnancy-induced β-cell hyperplasia in adult mice
Authors: Pasek Raymond C. , Dunn Jennifer C. , Elsakr Joseph M. , Aramandla Mounika , Matta Anveetha R. , Gannon Maureen
Published: July 2016

During pregnancy, maternal β-cells undergo compensatory changes, including increased β-cell mass and enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Failure of these adaptations to occur results in gestational diabetes mellitus. The secreted protein connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is critical for normal β-cell development and promotes regeneration after partial β-cell ablation. During embryogenesis, CTGF is expressed in pancreatic ducts, vasculature, and β-cells. In adult pancreas, CTGF is expressed only in the vasculature. Here we show that pregnant mice with global Ctgf haploinsufficiency (CtgfLacZ/+) have an impairment in maternal β-cell proliferation; no difference was observed in virgin CtgfLacZ/+ females. Using a conditional CTGF allele, we found that mice with a specific inactivation of CTGF in endocrine cells (CtgfΔEndo) develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy, but this is due to a reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion rather than impaired maternal β-cell proliferation. Moreover, virgin CtgfΔEndo females also display impaired GSIS with glucose intolerance, indicating that underlying β-cell dysfunction precedes the development of gestational diabetes in this animal model. This is the first time a role for CTGF in β-cell function has been reported.
Cortical bone loss caused by glucocorticoid excess requires RANKL production by osteocytes and is associated with reduced OPG expression in mice
Authors: Piemontese Marilina , Xiong Jinhu , Fujiwara Yuko , Thostenson Jeff D. , O'Brien Charles A.
Published: July 2016

Glucocorticoid excess is a major cause of low bone mass and fractures. Glucocorticoid administration decreases cortical thickness and increases cortical porosity in mice, and these changes are associated with increased osteoclast number at the endocortical surface. Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) produced by osteocytes is required for osteoclast formation in cancellous bone as well as the increase in cortical bone resorption caused by mechanical unloading or dietary calcium deficiency. However, whether osteocyte-derived RANKL also participates in the increase in bone resorption caused by glucocorticoid excess is unknown. To address this question, we examined the effects of prednisolone on cortical bone of mice lacking RANKL production in osteocytes. Prednisolone administration increased osteoclast number at the endocortical surface, increased cortical porosity, and reduced cortical thickness in control mice, but none of these effects occurred in mice lacking RANKL in osteocytes. Prednisolone administration did not alter RANKL mRNA abundance but did reduce osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA abundance in osteocyte-enriched cortical bone. Similarly, dexamethasone suppressed OPG but did not increase RANKL production in cortical bone organ cultures and primary osteoblasts. These results demonstrate that RANKL produced by osteocytes is required for the cortical bone loss caused by glucocorticoid excess but suggest that the changes in endocortical resorption are driven by reduced OPG rather than elevated RANKL expression.
Corneal Biomechanics Determination in Healthy Myopic Subjects
Authors: Qiu Kunliang , Lu Xuehui , Zhang Riping , Wang Geng , Zhang Mingzhi
Published: July 2016

Purpose. To determine the corneal biomechanical properties by using the Ocular Response Analyzer™and to investigate potential factors associated with the corneal biomechanics in healthy myopic subjects.Methods. 135 eyes from 135 healthy myopic subjects were included in this cross-sectional observational study. Cornea hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), cornea-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc), and Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg) were determined with the Reichert Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to investigate factors associated with corneal biomechanics.Results. The mean CH and CRF were9.82±1.34 mmHg and9.64±1.57 mmHg, respectively. In univariate regression analysis, CH was significantly correlated with axial length, refraction, central corneal thickness (CCT), and IOPg (r=-0.27, 0.23, 0.45, and 0.21, resp.; all withp≤0.015), but not with corneal curvature or age; CRF was significantly correlated with CCT and IOPg (r=0.52and 0.70, resp.; all withp<0.001), but not with axial length/refraction, corneal curvature, or age. In multivariate regression analysis, axial length, IOPcc, and CCT were found to be independently associated with CH, while CCT and IOPg were associated with CRF.Conclusions. Both CH and CRF were positively correlated with CCT. Lower CH but not CRF was associated with increasing degree of myopia. Evaluation of corneal biomechanical properties should take CCT and myopic status into consideration.
Dynamic Mechanical Behavior and Numerical Simulation of Frozen Soil under Impact Loading
Authors: Zhang Dan , Zhu Zhiwu , Liu Zhijie
Published: July 2016

Split Hopkinson pressure bars (SHBP) were used to perform impact experiments on frozen soil under various impact velocities and temperatures to analyze the effect of these parameters on the mechanical behavior of the soil. Based on the Holmquist-Johnson-Cook constitutive model, the dynamic mechanical properties under impact loading were analyzed. The SHPB experiments of frozen soil were also simulated using the finite element analysis software LS-DYNA, and the simulation results were similar to the experimental results. The temperature effect, strain rate effect, and the destruction process of the frozen soil as well as the propagation process of stress waves in the incident bar, transmission bar, and frozen soil specimen were investigated. This work provides a good theoretical basis and technical support for frozen soil engineering applications.
Antioxidant and Wound Healing Activity of Polyherbal Fractions of Clinacanthus nutans and Elephantopus scaber
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Shahzad , Ahmad Muhammad Syarhabil , Mamat Awang Soh , Ahmad Muhammad Zamharir , Salam Faridah
Published: July 2016

Elephantopus scaber and Clinacanthus nutans are traditionally used as wound healing herb. The objective of the present study is to develop a new polyherbal formulation, by comparison, the herbal combination of Elephantopus scaber and Clinacanthus nutans as an in vitro antioxidant activity with their individual herbal activity followed by fractionation of polyherbal formulation for in vivo wound healing activities and identification of bioactive compounds from their active fractions. Antioxidant activity was performed in vitro by DPPH scavenging antioxidant activity followed by in vivo wound healing activities using excision wound model, incision wound model, and burn wound model. Toxicity of the fractions of the polyherbal formulation was performed by a dermal toxicity test. The result showed that Elephantopus scaber crude extract on the basis of EC50 performs a much faster action (15.67 μg/mL) but with less % inhibition (87.66%) as compared to the combination of the new polyherbal formulation of crude extract (30 μg/mL). The polyherbal formulation has the highest % inhibition (89.49%) at the same dose as compared to Elephantopus scaber (87.66%). In comparison among all crude and fractions of new polyherbal formulation, it was found that the ethyl acetate fraction of polyherbal formulation has the fastest activity (EC50 14.83 μg/mL) with % inhibition (89.28%). Furthermore, during evaluation of wound contraction on excision and incision wound model, ethyl acetate fraction possesses the highest activity with (P < 0.001) and (P < 0.0001), respectively. During burn wound model, aqueous fraction (P < 0.001) possesses the highest activity followed by an ethyl acetate fraction (P < 0.0001). LC‐MS analysis discovered the presence of several flavonoid‐based compounds that work synergistically with sesquiterpene lactone and other bioactive compounds. In conclusion, flavonoid increases the antioxidant activity that surges the rate of wound contraction and works synergistically with other bioactive compounds.
Lymphedema in Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome: Is It Possible to Normalize?
Authors: Godoy Jose Maria Pereira de , Río Angela , Domingo Garcia Paloma , de Fatima Guerreiro Godoy Maria
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study is to report the results of intensive therapy of lymphedema associated with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. A 24-year-old female patient reported that her family had observed edema in her right leg and port wine stains from birth. For ten years, they consulted with different specialists in the region but the prognosis did not change and no specific treatment was found. In 2014, at the age of 24, with massive lymphedema, a leg ulcer, and recurrent infections, she started treatment at the Clínica Godoy in São José do Rio Preto. She was evaluated by clinical history, physical examination, water displacement volumetry, and bioimpedance. Intensive therapy (8 hours daily) was proposed using Manual Lymphatic Therapy (Godoy & Godoy), Cervical Stimulation Therapy, Mechanical Lymphatic Therapy, a grosgrain stocking adjusted several times a day, and the use of Unna boot in the region of the ulcer. The volume of edema was reduced by about 44% within the first week with further reductions in the following weeks and healing of the ulcer. Subsequently, it was possible to control and maintain the reduction in swelling with less intense treatment. It is possible to reduce and maintain the treatment results of lymphedema associated with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome.
A Case ofAcinetobacterSeptic Pulmonary Embolism in an Infant
Authors: Wade Poonam , Ananthan Anitha , David Jane , Ghildiyal Radha
Published: July 2016

Case Characteristics. An 11-month-old girl presented with fever and breathlessness for 5 days. Patient had respiratory distress with bilateral coarse crepitations. Chest radiograph revealed diffuse infiltrations in the right lung with thick walled cavities in mid and lower zone. Computed tomography showed multiple cystic spaces and emboli. Blood culture grewAcinetobacterspecies.Intervention. Patient was treated with Meropenem and Vancomycin.Outcome. Complete clinical and radiological recovery was seen in child.Message. Blood cultures and CT of the chest are invaluable in the evaluation of a patient with suspected septic pulmonary embolism. With early diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy, complete recovery can be expected in patients with septic pulmonary embolism.
Financial and Performance Analyses of Microcontroller Based Solar-Powered Autorickshaw for a Developing Country
Authors: Siddique Abu Raihan Mohammad , Kaiser M. Shamim
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a case study to examine the economic viability and performance analysis of a microcontroller based solar powered battery operated autorickshaw (m-SBAR), for the developing countries, which is compared with different types of rickshaws such as pedal rickshaw (PR), battery operated autorickshaw (BAR), and solar-powered battery operated autorickshaw (SBAR), available in Bangladesh. The BAR consists of a rickshaw structure, a battery bank, a battery charge controller, a DC motor driver, and a DC motor whereas the proposed m-SBAR contains additional components like solar panel and microcontroller based DC motor driver. The complete design considered the local radiation data and load profile of the proposed m-SBAR. The Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) analysis, Net Present Worth, payback periods, and Benefit-to-Cost Ratio methods have been used to evaluate the financial feasibility and sensitivity analysis of m-SBAR, grid-powered BAR, and PR. The numerical analysis reveals that LCOE and Benefit-to-Cost Ratio of the proposed m-SBAR are lower compared to the grid-powered BAR. It has also been found that microcontroller based DC motor control circuit reduces battery discharge rate, improves battery life, and controls motor speed efficiency.
A Comprehensive Taxonomy and Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 Attacks
Authors: Amin Yasmin M. , Abdel-Hamid Amr T.
Published: July 2016

The IEEE 802.15.4 standard has been established as the dominant enabling technology for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). With the proliferation of security-sensitive applications involving WSNs, WSN security has become a topic of great significance. In comparison with traditional wired and wireless networks, WSNs possess additional vulnerabilities which present opportunities for attackers to launch novel and more complicated attacks against such networks. For this reason, a thorough investigation of attacks against WSNs is required. This paper provides a single unified survey that dissects all IEEE 802.15.4 PHY and MAC layer attacks known to date. While the majority of existing references investigate the motive and behavior of each attack separately, this survey classifies the attacks according to clear metrics within the paper and addresses the interrelationships and differences between the attacks following their classification. The authors’ opinions and comments regarding the placement of the attacks within the defined classifications are also provided. A comparative analysis between the classified attacks is then performed with respect to a set of defined evaluation criteria. The first half of this paper addresses attacks on the IEEE 802.15.4 PHY layer, whereas the second half of the paper addresses IEEE 802.15.4 MAC layer attacks.
Design of Adaptive Switching Controller for Robotic Manipulators with Disturbance
Authors: Yang Zhen , Fei Shumin , Wang Fang , Lv Jiaguo , Dong Xishang
Published: July 2016

Two adaptive switching control strategies are proposed for the trajectory tracking problem of robotic manipulator in this paper. The first scheme is designed for the supremum of the bounded disturbance for robot manipulator being known; while the supremum is not known, the second scheme is proposed. Each proposed scheme consists of an adaptive switching law and a PD controller. Based on the Lyapunov stability theorem, it is shown that two new schemes can guarantee tracking performance of the robotic manipulator and be adapted to the alternating unknown loads. Simulations for two-link robotic manipulator are carried out and show that the two schemes can avoid the overlarge input torque, and the feasibility and validity of the proposed control schemes are proved.
Adverse Childhood Experiences among American Indian/Alaska Native Children: The 2011-2012 National Survey of Children’s Health
Authors: Kenney Mary Kay , Singh Gopal K.
Published: July 2016

We examined parent-reported adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and associated outcomes among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children aged 0–17 years from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children’s Health. Bivariate and multivariable analyses of cross-sectional data on 1,453 AI/AN children and 61,381 non-Hispanic White (NHW) children assessed race-based differences in ACEs prevalence and differences in provider-diagnosed chronic emotional and developmental conditions, health characteristics, reported child behaviors, and health services received as a function of having multiple ACEs. AI/AN children were more likely to have experienced 2+ ACEs (40.3% versus 21%), 3+ ACEs (26.8% versus 11.5%), 4+ ACEs (16.8% versus 6.2%), and 5+ ACEs (9.9% versus 3.3%) compared to NHW children. Prevalence rates for depression, anxiety, and ADHD were higher among AI/AN children with 3+ ACEs (14.4%, 7.7%, and 12.5%) compared to AI/ANs with fewer than 2 ACEs (0.4%, 1.8%, and 5.5%). School problems, grade failures, and need for medication and counseling were 2-3 times higher among AI/ANs with 3+ ACEs versus the same comparison group. Adjusted odds ratio for emotional, developmental, and behavioral difficulties among AI/AN children with 2+ ACEs was 10.3 (95% CI = 3.6–29.3). Race-based differences were largely accounted for by social and economic-related factors.
Study of Ocean Waves Measured by Collocated HH and VV Polarized X-Band Marine Radars
Authors: Chen Zhongbiao , He Yijun , Yang Wankang
Published: July 2016

The significant wave height (SWH) retrieved from collocated HH and VV polarized X-band marine radars under different sea states is studied. The SWH are retrieved from different principal components of X-band marine radar image sequence. As compared with the SWH measured by a buoy, the root-mean-square errors of the SWH are 0.32–0.45 m for VV polarization, and they are 0.37–0.60 m for HH polarization. At the wind speeds of 0–5 m/s, the SWH can be derived from VV polarized radar images, while the backscatter of HH polarized radar is too weak to contain wave signals at very low wind speeds (~0–3 m/s). At the wind speeds of 5–18 m/s, the SWH retrieved from VV polarization coincide well with the SWH measured by the buoy, while the SWH retrieved from HH polarization correspond with the changes of the wind speed. At the wind speeds of 18–26 m/s, the influence of wave breaking on HH polarization is more important than that on VV polarization. This indicates that the imaging mechanisms of HH polarized X-band marine radar are different from those of VV polarized X-band marine radar.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Potential of Palm Leaf Extracts from Babaçu (Attalea speciosa), Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), and Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata)
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Idalina Torcato de , Mahmoud Talal Suleiman , Nascimento Guilherme Nobre L. do , Silva Juliana Fonseca Moreira da , Pimenta Raphael Sanzio , Morais Paula Benevides de
Published: July 2016

Babaçu (A. speciosa), Buriti (M. flexuosa), and Macaúba (A. aculeata) are palm trees typical of the ecotone area between Cerrado and the Amazon rainforest. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the extracts prepared from the leaves of those palms as well as determine their chemical compositions. The ethanol extracts were prepared in a Soxhlet apparatus and tested by disk diffusion and agar dilution technique againstStaphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis,Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Candida albicans, andCandida parapsilosis.However, there was no significant activity at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg·Ml−1. Moreover, the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, catechins, steroids, triterpenes, and saponins. Gas chromatography (GC/MS) analysis also identified organic acids, such as capric (decanoic) acid, lauric (dodecanoic) acid, myristic (tetradecanoic) acid, phthalic (1,2-benzenedicarboxylic) acid, palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid, stearic (octadecanoic) acid, linoleic (9,12-octadecadienoic) acid (omega-6), linolenic (octadecatrienoic) acid (omega-3), and the terpenes citronellol and phytol. Based on the chemical composition in the palm leaf extracts, the palms have the potential to be useful in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
Estrogen Receptor α Promotes Breast Cancer by Reprogramming Choline Metabolism
Authors: Jia Min , Andreassen Trygve , Jensen Lasse , Bathen Tone Frost , Sinha Indranil , Gao Hui , Zhao Chunyan , Haldosen Lars-Arne , Cao Yihai , Girnita Leonard , Moestue Siver Andreas , Dahlman-Wright Karin
Published: July 2016

Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a key regulator of breast growth and breast cancer development. Here, we report how ERα impacts these processes by reprogramming metabolism in malignant breast cells. We employed an integrated approach, combining genome-wide mapping of chromatin-bound ERα with estrogen-induced transcript and metabolic profiling, to demonstrate that ERα reprograms metabolism upon estrogen stimulation, including changes in aerobic glycolysis, nucleotide and amino acid synthesis, and choline (Cho) metabolism. Cho phosphotransferase CHPT1, identified as a direct ERα-regulated gene, was required for estrogen-induced effects on Cho metabolism, including increased phosphatidylcholine synthesis. CHPT1 silencing inhibited anchorage-independent growth and cell proliferation, also suppressing early-stage metastasis of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells in a zebrafish xenograft model. Our results showed that ERα promotes metabolic alterations in breast cancer cells mediated by its target CHPT1, which this study implicates as a candidate therapeutic target. Cancer Res; 76(19); 5634–46. ©2016 AACR.
Oncolytic Adenovirus Expressing Monoclonal Antibody Trastuzumab for Treatment of HER2-Positive Cancer
Authors: Liikanen Ilkka , Tähtinen Siri , Guse Kilian , Gutmann Theresia , Savola Paula , Oksanen Minna , Kanerva Anna , Hemminki Akseli
Published: July 2016

Monoclonal anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab has significantly improved the survival of patients with HER2-overexpressing tumors. Nevertheless, systemic antibody therapy is expensive, limited in efficacy due to physical tumor barriers, and carries the risk of severe side effects such as cardiomyopathy. Oncolytic viruses mediate cancer-selective transgene expression, kill infected cancer cells while mounting antitumor immune responses, and have recently demonstrated promising efficacy in combination treatments. Here, we armed an oncolytic adenovirus with full-length trastuzumab to achieve effective in situ antibody production coupled with progressive oncolytic cancer cell killing. We constructed an infectivity-enhanced serotype 5 oncolytic adenovirus, Ad5/3-Δ24-tras, coding for human trastuzumab antibody heavy- and light-chain genes, connected by an internal ribosome entry site. Infected cancer cells were able to assemble full-length functional antibody, as confirmed by Western blot, ELISA, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay. Importantly, oncolysis was required for release of the antibody into tumors, providing additional spatial selectivity. Ad5/3-Δ24-tras showed potent in vitro cytotoxicity and enhanced antitumor efficacy over oncolytic control virus Ad5/3-Δ24 or commercial trastuzumab in HER2-positive cancer models in vivo (both P < 0.05). Furthermore, Ad5/3-Δ24-tras resulted in significantly higher tumor-to-systemic antibody concentrations (P < 0.001) over conventional delivery. Immunological analyses revealed dendritic cell activation and natural killer cell accumulation in tumor-draining lymph nodes. Thus, Ad5/3-Δ24-tras is an attractive anticancer approach combining oncolytic immunotherapy with local trastuzumab production, resulting in improved in vivo efficacy and immune cell activation in HER2-positive cancer. Moreover, the finding that tumor cells can produce functional antibody as directed by oncolytic virus could lead to many valuable antitumor approaches. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(9); 2259–69. ©2016 AACR.
Abstract 1000: The long non-coding RNA HIF1A-AS2 regulates mesenchymal glioma stem cell tumorigenicity
Authors: Mineo Marco , Ricklefs Franz , Rooj Arun , Lyons Shawn M. , Ivanov Pavel , Chiocca Ennio A. , Godlewski Jakub , Bronisz Agnieszka
Published: July 2016

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, which initiation and progression is driven by a subset of self-renewing GBM stem-like cells (GSCs). Long-non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recently shown to play important roles in regulating numerous biological processes both in physiologic and pathologic condition. Identification of functional lncRNAs important for GBM initiation and progression may shed new light on understanding pathophysiology of the disease. We used a custom made lncRNA Nanostring platform to profile the expression of lncRNAs in subtype-characterized collection of patient-derived GSCs. We demonstrated that lncRNA signature may distinguish between GSC subtypes. Out of 73 lncRNAs we found 7 that were overexpressed specifically in the most aggressive mesenchymal (M) GSC subtype. Among them, HIF1A-AS2 was the most differentially expressed lncRNA. HIF1A-AS2 was reported to be overexpressed in many types of cancers; however its biological function and its role in GBM progression are unknown. Knockdown of HIF1A-AS2 in M GSCs resulted in reduced growth, increased cytotoxicity, and it strongly inhibited their neurosphere formation capability. Using more global approach we found out that knockdown of HIF1A-AS2 in M GSCs caused deregulation of several out of 730 cancer-related genes. Functional bioinformatic analysis revealed that these differentially expressed mRNAs are closely related to proliferation, transcriptional regulation and cell division. RNA pull-down assay showed that HIF1A-AS2 may exert its effects through specific binding of RNA helicase DHX9, a multifunctional protein with important roles in transcription, pre-mRNA processing and translation. We also demonstrated that HMGA1, a gene known to be regulated by DHX9, was specifically down-regulated in HIF1A-AS2 knockdown cells both at mRNA and protein level. Finally, we showed that silencing of HIF1A-AS2 blocked M GSC tumor growth in vivo resulting in significant survival benefits. Taken together, our results suggest HIF1A-AS2 as an important lncRNA in pathophysiology of GBM.

Citation Format: Marco Mineo, Franz Ricklefs, Arun Rooj, Shawn M. Lyons, Pavel Ivanov, Ennio A. Chiocca, Jakub Godlewski, Agnieszka Bronisz. The long non-coding RNA HIF1A-AS2 regulates mesenchymal glioma stem cell tumorigenicity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1000.
Abstract 1008: Leptin-induced NILCO in endometrial cancer is linked to obesity
Authors: Daley-Brown Danielle , Oprea-Ilies Gabriela , Vann Kiara T. , Pattillo Roland , Lillard James , Gonzalez-Perez Ruben Rene
Published: July 2016

Background: Endometrial cancer (EmCa) Type I is estrogen dependent whereas Type II is estrogen independent and usually associated with endometrial atrophy. Type II is the more aggressive form with a poor prognosis. Obesity is a growing epidemic and is a major risk factor for EmCa. African-American women have higher incidence of obesity, and are more likely to die from EmCa even though the risk of developing EmCa is lower in Caucasian women. Obesity is characterized by high serum leptin levels, which are associated cancer incidence, metastasis and poor prognosis. Leptin's effects in breast cancer are related to the induction of a crosstalk between Notch, IL-1 and leptin (NILCO). It is hypothesize that there is a positive correlation between Type II EmCa, NILCO and obesity.

Methods: The expression of NILCO components was determined by immunohistochemistry in Type I vs Type II EmCa biopsies from obese African American and lean tissue array from Chinese patients. Additionally, the effects of leptin on cell proliferation and NILCO expression were determined in cell lines derived from Type I and Type II EmCa (Ishikawa, Hec1a, An3ca and KLE), respectively.

Results: NILCO components were expressed higher in Type II EmCa, more advanced disease, and correlated with obesity. Also, leptin induction of NILCO was more prominent in Type II EmCa cells.

Conclusions: Obesity signals (i.e., leptin) could induce NILCO in EmCa. Leptin could play a significant role in EmCa progression, especially in Type II EmCa. Therefore, NILCO could represent a novel biomarker for the more aggressive Type II EmCa. These observations could be more relevant for obese EmCa patients.

Citation Format: Danielle Daley-Brown, Gabriela Oprea-Ilies, Kiara T. Vann, Roland Pattillo, James Lillard, Ruben Rene Gonzalez-Perez. Leptin-induced NILCO in endometrial cancer is linked to obesity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1008.