bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial Confinement Engineered Gel Composite Evaporators for Efficient Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Yan Jun , Cui Tao , Su Qin , Wu Haidi , Xiao Wei , Ye Liping , Hou Suyang , Xue Huaiguo , Shi Yongqian , Tang Longcheng , Song Pingan , Gao Jiefeng
Published: September 2024

Recently, solar‐driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) has been developed quickly for low‐cost and sustainable seawater desalination, but addressing the conflict between a high evaporation rate and salt rejection during SDIE is still challenging. Here, a spatial confinement strategy is proposed to prepare the gel composite solar evaporator (SCE) by loading one thin hydrogel layer onto the skeleton of a carbon aerogel. The SCE retains the hierarchically porous structure of carbon aerogels with an optimized water supply induced by dual‐driven forces (capillary effects and osmotic pressure) and takes advantage of both aerogels and hydrogels, which can gain energy from air and reduce water enthalpy. The SCE has a high evaporation rate (up to 4.23 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun) and excellent salt rejection performance and can maintain structural integrity after long‐term evaporation even at high salinities. The SDIE behavior, including heat distribution, water transport, and salt ion distribution, is investigated by combining theoretical simulations and experimental results. This work provides new inspiration and a theoretical basis for the development of high‐performance interfacial evaporators.
Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells on Polycarbonate Film Substrates
Authors: Skafi Zeynab , Castriotta Luigi Angelo , Taheri Babak , Matteocci Fabio , Fahland Matthias , Jafarzadeh Farshad , Joseph Ebin , Chakraborty Abhisek , Singh Vaibhav , Mottaghitalab Vahid , Mivehi Leila , Brunetti Francesca , Sorbello Luca , Di Carlo Aldo , Brown Thomas M.
Published: September 2024

The market for polycarbonate (PC), a versatile material, is growing rapidly. Despite its widespread use in many applications, poor chemical resistance and roughness have hindered its adoption as a substrate in solar cell technologies. Here, the first‐ever perovskite solar cell (PSC) is demonstrated on PC films. A solution‐processed planarizing layer is developed using a commercial ambient‐curable refractory resin through blade coating which decreased film roughness from 1.46 µm to 23 nm, lowered water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) by a half, and significantly improved solvent resistance enabling deposition of precursor inks. The PSCs are fabricated on the planarized PC substrate, with a customized ITO electrode with an average visible transparency of 78%, sheet resistance of 25 Ω/sq, and a safe bending radius of 20 mm. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) reached 13.0%. The unencapsulated PSCs retained 80% of initial PCE after 1776 h upon ISOS‐D‐1 shelf‐life tests. These results open new pathways for integrating solar cells in many products made from PC materials, such as ID cards, smart cards, windows, skylights, buildings, and product packaging, as well as introducing a new solution for planarization and solvent barrier that can be used for other types of optoelectronic devices (LEDs, transistors, etc.) and substrates.
Influence of Post‐Synthesis Processing on the Structure, Transport, and Performance of the Solid Electrolyte Li5.5PS4.5Cl1.5 in All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Maus Oliver , Lange Martin A. , Frankenberg Finn , Stainer Florian , Faka Vasiliki , Schlautmann Eva , Rosenbach Carolin , Jodlbauer Anna , Schubert Johannes , Janek Jürgen , Li Cheng , Michalowski Peter , Wilkening H. Martin R. , Kwade Arno , Zeier Wolfgang G.
Published: September 2024

While post‐synthesis processing steps are frequently applied in the preparation of cathode composites for solid‐state batteries to ensure homogeneous mixing and good contact with the cathode active material, little is known about the processes that occur during milling and how they influence structure and transport of solid electrolytes. Here, an extensive set of experimental methods and simulations are used to study the effects of post‐synthesis milling by a frequency and planetary ball mill on the highly conducting chloride‐rich argyrodite Li5.5PS4.5Cl1.5. Structural analyses show that processing can reduce the coherence length and increase the disorder. The reduced crystallite size correlates with a decrease in ionic conductivity in the post‐processed solid electrolytes. Simulating the ball milling processes by the discrete element method provides fundamental understanding and reveals the correlation of the loss in coherence with the specific energy input and the numbers of stressing events during the milling process. An observed decrease in particle size in ball milled samples leads to lower tortuosity in the cathode composites. As the loss in coherence and decrease in particle size have opposite effects on the performance, optimizing these processing conditions will play a significant role on the road to highly performing solid‐state batteries.
Storyteller in ADNI4: Application of an early Alzheimer's disease screening tool using brief, remote, and speech‐based testing
Authors: Skirrow Caroline , Meepegama Udeepa , Weston Jack , Miller Melanie J. , Nosheny Rachel L. , Albala Bruce , Weiner Michael W. , Fristed Emil ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION

Speech‐based testing shows promise for sensitive and scalable objective screening for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but research to date offers limited evidence of generalizability.

METHODS

Data were taken from the AMYPRED (Amyloid Prediction in Early Stage Alzheimer's Disease from Acoustic and Linguistic Patterns of Speech) studies (N = 101,N = 46 mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 4 (ADNI4) remote digital (N = 426,N = 58 self‐reported MCI, mild AD or dementia) and in‐clinic (N = 57,N = 13 MCI) cohorts, in which participants provided audio‐recorded responses to automated remote story recall tasks in the Storyteller test battery. Text similarity, lexical, temporal, and acoustic speech feature sets were extracted. Models predicting early AD were developed in AMYPRED and tested out of sample in the demographically more diverse cohorts in ADNI4 (> 33% from historically underrepresented populations).

RESULTS

Speech models generalized well to unseen data in ADNI4 remote and in‐clinic cohorts. The best‐performing models evaluated text‐based metrics (text similarity, lexical features: area under the curve 0.71–0.84 across cohorts).

DISCUSSION

Speech‐based predictions of early AD from Storyteller generalize across diverse samples.

Highlights

The Storyteller speech‐based test is an objective digital prescreener for Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 4 (ADNI4).

Speech‐based models predictive of Alzheimer's disease (AD) were developed in the AMYPRED (Amyloid Prediction in Early Stage Alzheimer's Disease from Acoustic and Linguistic Patterns of Speech) sample (N = 101).

Models were tested out of sample in ADNI4 in‐clinic (N = 57) and remote (N = 426) cohorts.

Models showed good generalization out of sample.

Models evaluating text matching and lexical features were most predictive of early AD.
Missense and loss‐of‐function variants at GWAS loci in familial Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Gunasekaran Tamil Iniyan , Reyes‐Dumeyer Dolly , Faber Kelley M. , Goate Alison , Boeve Brad , Cruchaga Carlos , Pericak‐Vance Margaret , Haines Jonathan L. , Rosenberg Roger , Tsuang Debby , Mejia Diones Rivera , Medrano Martin , Lantigua Rafael A. , Sweet Robert A. , Bennett David A. , Wilson Robert S. , Alba Camille , Dalgard Clifton , Foroud Tatiana , Vardarajan Badri N. , Mayeux Richard
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Few rare variants have been identified in genetic loci from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of Alzheimer's disease (AD), limiting understanding of mechanisms, risk assessment, and genetic counseling.

METHODS

Using genome sequencing data from 197 families in the National Institute on Aging Alzheimer's Disease Family Based Study and 214 Caribbean Hispanic families, we searched for rare coding variants within known GWAS loci from the largest published study.

RESULTS

Eighty‐six rare missense or loss‐of‐function (LoF) variants completely segregated in 17.5% of families, but in 91 (22.1%) families Apolipoprotein E (APOE)‐𝜀4 was the only variant segregating. However, in 60.3% of families, APOE 𝜀4, missense, and LoF variants were not found within the GWAS loci.

DISCUSSION

Although APOE 𝜀4and several rare variants were found to segregate in both family datasets, many families had no variant accounting for their disease. This suggests that familial AD may be the result of unidentified rare variants.

Highlights

Rare coding variants from GWAS loci segregate in familial Alzheimer's disease.

Missense or loss of function variants were found segregating in nearly 7% of families.

APOE‐𝜀4 was the only segregating variant in 29.7% in familial Alzheimer's disease.

In Hispanic and non‐Hispanic families, different variants were found in segregating genes.

No coding variants were found segregating in many Hispanic and non‐Hispanic families.
Circulating apoE4 protein levels from dried blood spots predict cognitive function in a large population‐based survey setting
Authors: Deza‐Lougovski Yacila I. , Weiss Luzia M. , Horton Hannah M. , Sun Aijing , Borbye‐Lorenzen Nis , Skogstrand Kristin , Holmgaard Solveig , Andersen‐Ranberg Karen , Lundmark Vania Panes , Börsch‐Supan Axel , Börsch‐Supan Martina , Rieckmann Anna
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION

The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele carries risk for cognitive impairment, but whether the level of circulating apoE4 protein in carriers affects cognition is unclear, as is how health and lifestyle impact circulating apoE4 levels.

METHODS

We assayed apoE4 protein levels in dried blood spots of 12,532 adults aged 50+. Regression analyses tested the likelihood of cognitive impairment between groups and within those with detected apoE4 protein. Predictors of circulating apoE4 were assessed.

RESULTS

We detected protein binding that indicates the presence of an APOE ε4 allele in 28.4% of this group. This group was more likely to have cognitive impairment, and this risk increases with age. However, higher apoE4 levels were associated with less likelihood of cognitive impairment within this group. Antihypertensive medication predicted apoE4 protein levels.

DISCUSSION

The apoE4 isoform is associated with a deficient protein and worse cognition. This association is modulated by the level of circulating apoE4 protein in ε4 carriers.

Highlights

An assay to quantify apoE4 levels from dried blood spot samples was applied.

The apoE4 protein was detected as specific binding at ≥30,000 pg/mL in 28.4% of samples.

Having the apoE4 protein was associated with worse cognitive performance.

Higher apoE4 protein levels in those who have it were associated with better cognition.

Cardiovascular factors influenced levels of apoE4 protein.
Operando Stable Palladium Hydride Nanoclusters Anchored on Tungsten Carbides Mediate Reverse Hydrogen Spillover for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Fan Hao , Yang Qian Qian , Fang Song Ru , Xu Yi Ning , Lv Yao , Lin Hao Yang , Lin Miao Yu , Liu Ji Kai , Wu Yi Xiao , Yuan Hai Yang , Dai Sheng , Liu Peng Fei , Yang Hua Gui
Published: September 2024

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis holds great promise for green hydrogen production, but suffering from high loading of platinum‐group metals (PGM) for large‐scale deployment. Anchoring PGM‐based materials on supports can not only improve the atomic utilization of active sites but also enhance the intrinsic activity. However, in practical PEM electrolysis, it is still challenging to mediate hydrogen adsorption/desorption pathways with high coverage of hydrogen intermediates over catalyst surface. Here, operando generated stable palladium (Pd) hydride nanoclusters anchored on tungsten carbide (WCx) supports were constructed for hydrogen evolution in PEM electrolysis. Under PEM operando conditions, hydrogen intercalation induces formation of Pd hydrides (PdHx) featuring weakened hydrogen binding energy (HBE), thus triggering reverse hydrogen spillover from WCx (strong HBE) supports to PdHx sites, which have been evidenced by operando characterizations, electrochemical results and theoretical studies. This PdHx‐WCx material can be directly utilized as cathode electrocatalysts in PEM electrolysis with ultralow Pd loading of 0.022 mg cm−2, delivering the current density of 1 A cm−2 at the cell voltage of ~1.66 V and continuously running for 200 hours without obvious degradation. This innovative strategy via tuning the operando characteristics to mediate reverse hydrogen spillover provide new insights for designing high‐performance supported PGM‐based electrocatalysts.
Helmholtz Plane Regulation Empowers PF6− Permselectivity Towards High Coulombic Efficiency Dual Ion Battery of 5.5 V
Authors: Han Xiaoqi , Jiang Hongzhu , Mu Pengzhou , Zhang Wenjun , Zhang Huanrui , Xu Gaojie , Chen Zheng , Han Pengxian , Cui Guanglei
Published: September 2024

High‐voltage dual ion battery (DIB) is promising for stationary energy storage applications owing to its cost‐effectiveness, which has been a hot topic of research in rechargeable battery fields. However, it still suffers from rapid battery failure caused by the severe solvent co‐intercalation and electrolyte oxidation. To address these bottlenecks, herein a functional electrolyte additive hexafluoroglutaric anhydride (HFGA) is presented based on a Helmholtz plane regulation strategy. It is demonstrated that the HFGA can precisely enter into the Helmholtz plane and positively regulate anion solvation behaviors near the graphite electrode surface owing to its considerable H−F affinity with ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), thus alleviating EMC‐related co‐intercalation and oxidation decomposition during DIB charging. Meanwhile, HFGA can copolymerize with the presence of PF5 at the Helmholtz plane to participate in forming a CF2‐rich CEI layer with excellent PF6− permselectivity, conducive to achieving PF6− de‐solvation and simultaneously suppressing electrolyte oxidation decomposition. By virtue of such beneficial effects, the graphite cathode enables a 5.5 V DIB with a prominent capacity retention of 92 % and a high average Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99 % within 2000 cycles at 5 C, demonstrating significantly enhanced electrochemical reversibility. The Helmholtz plane regulation strategy marks a milestone in advancing DIB technologies.
Cyclic Sulfoximines as Methyl and Perdeuteromethyl Transfer Agents and Their Applications in Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Wu Peng , Goujon Gabriel , Pan Shulei , Tuccio Béatrice , Pégot Bruce , Dagousset Guillaume , Anselmi Elsa , Magnier Emmanuel , Bolm Carsten
Published: September 2024

Benzo[1,3,2]dithiazole‐1,1,3‐trioxides are bench‐stable and easy‐to‐use reagents. In photoredox catalysis, they generate methyl and perdeuteromethyl radicals which can add to a variety of radical acceptors, including olefins, acrylamides, quinoxalinones, isocyanides, enol silanes, and N‐Ts acrylamide. As byproduct, a salt is formed which can be regenerated to the original methylating agent. Flow chemistry provides an option for reaction scale‐up further underscoring the synthetic usefulness of these methylation reagents. Mechanistic investigations suggest a single‐electron transfer (SET) pathway induced by photoredox catalysis.
Photomodulation of Charge Transfer through Excited‐State Processes: Directing Donor‐Acceptor Binding Dynamics
Authors: Pan Jia‐Qi , Wei Hao‐Ran , Chen Yun‐Rui , Jia Meng‐Ze , Tan Bin , Zhang Jie
Published: September 2024

Modulating charge transfer (CT) interactions between donor and acceptor molecules may give rise to unique dynamic changes in physicochemical properties, exhibiting great importance in supramolecular chemistry and materials science. In this work, we demonstrate the first instance of reversible photomodulation of donor‐acceptor (D−A) CT interaction in the solid state. Pyridinium‐based chromophore featuring π‐conjugated D−A structures can not only function as a good electron acceptor to undergo photoinduced electron transfer (ET) or engage in intermolecular CT interaction, but also exhibit unique dual emission depending on the excitation wavelengths. The rotatable C−C single bonds within D−A pairs enhance the tunability of molecular structure. Through the synergy of a photoinduced ET and an excited‐state conformational change, the intermolecular CT interaction can be switched on and off by alternate light irradiation to enable reversibly modulation of the affinity between donor and acceptor molecules, accompanied by visual color switching and fluorescence on‐off as feedback signals.
Lantern‐Shaped Structure Induced by Racemic Ligands in Red‐Light‐Emitting Metal Halide with Near 100 % Quantum Yield and Multiple‐Stimulus Response
Authors: Wu Yuechuan , Wang Shuaiqi , Lin Zhibin , Kang Liwen , Wu Junyan , Chen Qiushui , Lin Zhenghuan
Published: September 2024

Organic‐inorganic metal halides (OIMHs) have become a research hotspot in recent years due to their excellent luminescent properties and tunable emission wavelengths. However, the development of efficient red‐light‐emitting OIMHs remains a significant challenge. This work reports three Mn‐based OIMHs derived from 1‐methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrobromide: racemic one (Rac‐TBM) and chiral ones (R‐TBM and S‐TBM). As a result of the synergism of chiral organic ligands inducing a unique lantern‐shaped hybrid structure containing both tetrahedra and octahedra, Rac‐TBM exhibits red‐light emission with near‐unity luminescence quantum yield. In comparison, the chiral counterparts R/S‐TBM display strong green emission and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with a glum value up to ±2.5×10−2. Interestingly, a mixture of R‐ and S‐TBM can transform into Rac‐TBM, successfully achieving a sensitive and reversible switch between red light of octahedra and green light of tetrahedra under external stimuli. The outstanding luminescent properties allow Rac‐TBM to be utilized not only for X‐ray radioluminescence with a detection limit down to 46.29 nGys−1, but also for advanced information encryption systems to achieve leak‐proof decryption.
New Silver(I) Complexes as Achromatic Sensitizers in Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Rajasagaran Rineswary , Redzuan Siti Nur Ashikin Mohd , Hamali Muhamad Azwan , Mohd Tajuddin Amalina , Alsaee Saleh K. , Rosli Mohd Mustaqim , Samsuri Siti Azrah Mohamad , Sirat Siti Syaida , Arshad Suhana
Published: September 2024

The design, synthesis, and spectroscopic characterization of [Ag(P(o‐C6H4OCH3)3)(NO3)]2 (1) and [Ag(P(o‐C6H4OCH3)3)2][NO3] (2) were conducted to investigate the efficiency of the fabricated solar cell devices. The slow evaporation technique proved effective in growing the colorless crystals of the silver(I) complexes. Spectroscopic analyses including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) studies were carried out to elucidate the chemical structure and absorption properties of the compounds. The chemical composition and existence of intermolecular interactions in 1 and 2 were disclosed via the single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction method. The side‐to‐side arrangement of molecules in 1 and 2 was evident from the crystal packing analysis, in which the molecules in both compounds were linked together by C–H···O and C–H···π contacts. The silver(I) complexes exhibited maximum absorption wavelength (287–288 nm) within the ultraviolet region, where both compounds had comparable high energy band gap values ranging from 4.15 to 4.16 eV. Moreover, both compounds possess appropriate HOMO–LUMO energy levels that facilitate effective electron injection and dye regeneration processes in dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. Photophysical characterization techniques, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy‐dispersive x‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy studies were employed to assess the morphological characteristics and elemental composition of the silver(I) complexes on TiO2. Compound 2 exceeded 1 in terms of solar cell efficiency, 2 (η = 3.34%) > 1 (η = 0.66%) due to the complex being in ionic form and composed of the mononuclear [Ag(P(o‐C6H4OCH3)3)2]+ cation [NO3]− anion.
Design and preparation of temperature responsive hydrogel/polylactic acid fiber for protein separation
Authors: Li Yangsong , Fan Liya , Xi Xiaoxuan , Zhao Xiaoyan , Zhu Xiao
Published: September 2024

Fiber separation technology has been widely used in the removal of metal ions, dyes, proteins, and particles. In this work, the reversible characteristic of temperature sensitive hydrogel which possesses the expansion and contraction at different temperature is used to control the change of internal pores of filter materials for achieving the selective separation and concentration of solution. We prepared polylactic acid (PLA) hollow fiber as outer support layer by the template method and PLA electrospun membrane as internal support diaphragm by electrospinning. Then, the method of adding poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel in the hollow fiber layer by layer was adopted to form the hydrogel/PLA fiber. When the mass ratio of PNIPAM/PLA was 3/1, the sample presented the relatively tight interior morphology and was selected for protein separation. By adjusting the temperature, the rejection capacities of PNIPAM/PLA composite fiber for bovine serum albumin (BSA), and ovalbumin (OVA) were in the range of 25–36 mg/g and 22–31 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the fiber reusability was investigated by swelling and deswelling elution processes. It was found that the sample could be reused 5 times. This work explores a novel control method for the graded filtration and concentration of targets.
Study on synergistic enhancement of modified nucleating‐blowing agent and its application in foaming polyethylene
Authors: Jin Shuang , Liu Xiaoke , Yang Jiaxin , Pu Changtao , Yang Lan , Zhou Yuhui
Published: September 2024

Polyethylene (PE) foams are widely used for the advantages of light weight and reducing energy consumption. So, the preparation of environmental friendly and efficient blowing agent is essential. The use of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) as physical blowing agent requires harsh experimental conditions such as high‐pressure and temperature. In this study, CO2 was captured by 1, 2‐cyclohexanediamine (TRK) under atmospheric pressure, and reversibly released under heating as a blowing agent with nanosponges (NS) used as the carrier (NS:TRK‐CO2). Furthermore, three ethoxy silane coupling agents were selected to improve the compatibility between heterogeneous nucleating agent (cyclodextrin nanosponges, NS) and PE, so as to improve the nucleation effect of NS and the comprehensive properties of PE composites. Analyses showed that triethoxyvinyl silane (VTES) was a suitable candidate for improving the compatibility of NS and PE. The addition of NS:TRK‐CO2@VTES not only improved the crystallization performance, but also improved the complex viscosity and storage modulus, and enhanced the thermal properties of PE composites. The optimal cell morphology was obtained by introduction of NS:TRK‐CO2@VTES with 5 wt%, the minimum cell diameter was 50 μm, and the maximum cell density was 9.4 × 104 cells/cm3. Compared with the other PE composites, PE/NS:TRK‐CO2@VTES composites showed excellent mechanical, thermal, and sound insulation properties. The maximum impact strength was 7.62 KJ/m2, which was two times higher than pure PE. The thermal conductivity was 0.054 W/m k, the sound absorption coefficient was 0.836 at 1500 Hz.
Intermolecular Sulfenoamination of Alkenes with Free‐Thiols and NIS to Access β‐Succinimide Sulfides
Authors: Chen Wei , Wang Wanxiang , Wu Run , Zhou Haiping , Yu Pingbing
Published: September 2024

A convenient and practical multicomponent strategy for the sulfenoamination of alkenes was realized, which using free‐thiols as the sulfur‐reagent, NIS both as radical initiator and an N‐nucleophile. This protocol excellent in terms of transition‐metal‐free, good functional group tolerance, easily available substrates and facile scale‐up. And provided a direct‐ and general way to synthesize various β‐succinimide sulfides with high regioselectivity.
Advanced Electrolyte Systems with Sultones Additives for High‐Voltage Lithium Batteries
Authors: Wan Haojie , Zhong Siqi , Liu Yifan , Xiong Yifei , He Ting , Zeng Rong , Cai Shuang , Liu Jianwen
Published: September 2024

The new energy market is growing rapidly, lithium batteries (LBs) as the most important source of energy supply in the energy storage and power market, has higher requirements for fast charge and long life, so it is necessary to improve the cell voltage and energy density of LBs. However, LBs with high voltage and high energy density will face serious challenges of electrolyte decomposition and electrode corrosion in high voltage environment. Herein, this review summarizes the effects of a series of sultones as electrolyte additives in high voltage electrolytes. It is found that DTD, ES, 1,3‐PS, PES, PCS, MMDS, BDTD, BDTT, DTDph, ODTO, FPS, VES and other sultones have excellent properties on stabilizing SEI/CEI formation, inhibiting gas production, and good high temperature resistance. The preferential oxidation/reduction of sultones can protect the electrolyte from decomposition, and the uniform and dense SEI/CEI can also promote Li+ transport, protect the electrode from corrosion, prevent the growth of lithium dendrites, and promote the insertion and removal of Li+, so as to improve the cycle life of the high‐voltage battery. Therefore, sultones are very suitable as high‐voltage LBs electrolyte additives to improve the performance of cells. This review can provide theoretical support for the design of high voltage and high energy density LBs electrolyte and selection of additives in the future.
From organic waste to renewable energy: response surface methodology approach for optimized biodiesel production from palm weevil larvae (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus)
Authors: Esther Arnaude Azemo Folepe , de Mescouto Vanessa Albuquerque , da Rocha Filho Geraldo Narciso , do Nascimento Luís Adriano Santos , da Costa Carlos Emmerson Ferreira , Tangka Julius K.
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to improve the production of biodiesel from white palm larvae (WPL) and to evaluate its potential as a feedstock. The larvae were grown using kitchen and palm waste for 21 days, and the crude oil was then extracted. The extracted oil was analyzed for its physicochemical properties and fatty acid composition. The analysis found that the feedstock oil contained a high quantity of monounsaturated fatty acids, indicating its suitability for biodiesel production. To optimize the production process, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed. A central composite design was used to study four operating conditions: temperature, methanol‐to‐oil mole ratio, esterification time, and catalyst loading for esterification, as well as transesterification time and catalyst concentration. The best conditions for esterification were a methanol‐to‐oil ratio of 18:1, a temperature of 70 °C, 120 min of reaction time, and a 4% H2SO4 catalyst. For transesterification, the optimal conditions were a methanol‐to‐oil ratio of 10:1, a temperature of 65 °C, 90 min of reaction time, and a 2% KOH catalyst concentration. The experimental data fit well with models, with significant P‐values and high R2 values. The biodiesel produced under the optimized conditions met the fuel quality standards set by Brazilian, European, and American standards. In conclusion, this study successfully optimized the biodiesel production process from white palm larvae and confirmed its suitability as a feedstock. The feedstock oil had properties that were suitable for biodiesel production, and the optimized conditions resulted in biodiesel that met fuel‐quality standards.
Increasing photogalvanic solar power generation and storage capacity of brilliant cresyl blue by employing surfactant and natural sunlight
Authors: Koli Pooran
Published: September 2024

Photogalvanic solar cells are solar energy harvesting devices having inherent power storage capacity. Electrical output as 590 μA current, 183.3 μW power, and 1.95% efficiency is reported for the fructose/brilliant cresyl blue dye (a reductant/photosensitizer couple) at low illumination intensity. For exploring the feasibility of these cells for application, the reported electrical output needs further enhancement with the demonstration of workability in natural sunlight. With this aim, the modified fructose reductant‐NaOH alkali‐brilliant cresyl blue dye photosensitizer photogalvanic system has been studied using a surfactant with a very small Pt electrode in natural sunlight. Abruptly enhanced current (2300 μA), power (661 μW), and efficiency (8.26%) have been observed in the modified study. The study has shown that photogalvanic cells can work at high illumination intensity adhering to similar basic principles, which are apt for cells working at artificial and low‐intensity illumination.
Envy and revenge buying behavior after the COVID‐19 pandemic: The moderating role of added purchasing power
Authors: Obeidat Zaid Mohammad , Al‐Mawali Hamzah , Aldweeri Rami
Published: September 2024

This study develops and tests for the first time a conceptual model that examines the drivers and facilitating factors affecting revenge buying behavior. This research investigates the influence of materialism on revenge buying intentions in addition to the mediating role of envy in explaining revenge buying intentions. This study also examines the moderating role of added purchasing power in moderating the relationship between revenge buying intention and revenge buying behavior. Based on a sample of 617 Jordanian consumers, the findings support the mediating role of envy in the relationship between materialism, need frustration and revenge buying intention. Moreover, the influence of revenge buying intention on revenge buying was also stronger when added purchasing power was perceived to be high.
Effectiveness of Green Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles for Walnut Storage Pest Management
Authors: Rodríguez Maria Rosa , Comelli Nieves Carolina , López Tamara Elizabeth , Sánchez Matías Mariana del Huerto , Denett Gabriel Omar , Bracamonte Daniela Milagros , Pietro Eduardo Daniel , Diez Patricia Alejandra , González‐Baró Ana Cecilia , Sampietro Diego Alejandro
Published: September 2024

Walnut yield and quality are often affected by beetle infestations, particularly those caused by Carpophilus truncatus (Murray) (Nitidulidae) and Oryzaephilus mercator (L.) (Silvanidae). Beetle damage exposes walnuts to microbial food spoilers such as Fusarium species. Insecticides currently used for beetle control are environmentally unfriendly. This work explored a green synthesis approach for copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO−NPs) in a basic medium at 30 °C by hydrolates, aqueous extracts obtained from Lippia integrifolia and Pimpinella anisum, denoted as CuO−I and CuO−A, respectively. Characterization through XRD, FT‐IR, Raman, UV‐visible absorbance, and AFM techniques indicated that CuO−A and CuO−I have a size ranging from 2–10 nm in height. The antifungal assay showed that both have a similar efficacy (MID=320 μg), 3‐fold stronger than CuO‐ NPs obtained in absence of hydrolates (denoted CuO−W) (MID=960 μg), with the broadest inhibitory halos (ID=126–128 mm) observed for CuO−A. Insecticidal activity of CuO−NPs showed a concentration‐dependent behavior, with CuO−I showing an effect comparable to that of diatomaceous earth. SEM images confirmed the adhesion of nanoparticles to insect surfaces, which could induce oxygen deprivation and disruption of metabolic processes. Both CuO−A and CuO−I are promising for their use in integrated pest control in walnut storage.
Reciprocal Interactions Between Apelin and Noncoding RNAs in Cancer Progression
Authors: Jafarzadeh Abdollah , Naseri Bahar , Khorramdelazad Hossein , Jafarzadeh Sara , Ghorbaninezhad Farid , Asgari Zeynab , Masoumi Javad , Nemati Maryam
Published: September 2024

Apelin, a bioactive peptide that serves as an endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APJ), is overexpressed in various types of cancers and contributes to cancer cell proliferation, viability, migration, angiogenesis, and metastasis, as well as immune deviation. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate gene expression, and there is growing evidence suggesting a bidirectional crosstalk between ncRNAs (including long noncoding RNAs [lncRNAs], circular RNAs [circRNAs], and microRNAs [miRNAs]) and apelin in cancers. Certain miRNAs can directly target the apelin and inhibit its expression, thereby suppressing tumor growth. It has been indicated that miR‐224, miR‐195/miR‐195‐5p, miR‐204‐5p, miR‐631, miR‐4286, miR‐637, miR‐4493, and miR‐214‐3p target apelin mRNA and influence its expression in prostate cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, chondrosarcoma, melanoma, gastric cancer, glioma, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), respectively. Moreover, circ‐NOTCH1, circ‐ZNF264, and lncRNA BACE1‐AS upregulate apelin expression in gastric cancer, glioma, and HCC, respectively. On the other hand, apelin has been shown to regulate the expression of certain ncRNAs to affect tumorigenesis. It was revealed that apelin affects the expression of circ_0000004/miR‐1303, miR‐15a‐5p, and miR‐106a‐5p in osteosarcoma, lung cancer, and prostate cancer, respectively. This review explains a bidirectional interplay between ncRNAs and apelin in cancers to provide insights concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying this crosstalk and potential implications for cancer therapy.
Unraveling Clinical Glycoproteome by Integrating Affinity Enrichment with Nanopore Sequencing
Authors: Ali Irshad , Ali Muhammad Mujahid , Liu Quanjun , Hu Lianghai
Published: September 2024

This prospect explores the integration of enrichment strategies with nanopore detection to advance clinical glycoproteomics. Glycoproteins, crucial for understanding biological processes, pose challenges due to their low abundance and structural diversity. Enrichment techniques using lectin affinity, boronate affinity, and hydrazide chemistry and especially molecular imprinted polymers may selectively and specifically isolate glycoproteins from complex samples, while nanopore technology enables label‐free, real‐time, and single‐molecule analysis. This approach holds promise for disease‐related glycosylation studies, biomarker discovery, personalized medicine, and streamlined clinical analysis. Standardization, optimization, and data analysis remain challenges, requiring interdisciplinary collaborations and technological advancements. Overall, this integration may offer transformative potential for clinical glycoproteomics and innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Enhancing Sensitivity in Nucleic Acid Detection via Collaborative Multiple Catalytic Cores in DNAzyme Nanomachines
Authors: Hussein Zain , Golovina Lidia A. , Alaji Meera , Nour Moustapha A. Y. , Kolpashchikov Dmitry M. , Komissarov Andrey B. , El‐Deeb Ahmed A.
Published: September 2024

We introduce a multicore DNA nanomachine (MDNM), utilizing four binary DNAzymes for nucleic acid detection without the need for a preamplification step. This innovation remarkably yields a reduction in limit of detection (LOD), over 5‐fold, as compared to single‐core systems. This reduces the required test time thus highlighting the potential of MDNM in advancing nucleic acid detection.
Thorny and Tufted Retinal Ganglion Cells Express the Transcription Factor Forkhead Proteins Foxp1 and Foxp2 in Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Lee Sammy C. S. , Wei Anlai J. , Martin Paul R. , Grünert Ulrike
Published: September 2024

The transcription factor forkhead/winged‐helix domain proteins Foxp1 and Foxp2 have previously been studied in mouse retina, where they are expressed in retinal ganglion cells named F‐mini and F‐midi. Here we show that both transcription factors are expressed by small subpopulations (on average less than 10%) of retinal ganglion cells in the retina of the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). The morphology of Foxp1‐ and Foxp2‐expressing cells was revealed by intracellular DiI injections of immunofluorescent cells. Foxp1‐ and Foxp2‐expressing cells comprised multiple types of wide‐field ganglion cells, including broad thorny cells, narrow thorny cells, and tufted cells. The large majority of Foxp2‐expressing cells were identified as tufted cells. Tufted cells stratify broadly in the middle of the inner plexiform layer. They resemble broad thorny cells but their proximal dendrites are bare of branches and the distal dendrites branch frequently forming dense dendritic tufts. Double labeling with calretinin, a previously established marker for broad thorny and narrow thorny cells, showed that only a small proportion of ganglion cells co‐expressed calretinin and Foxp1 or Foxp2 supporting the idea that the two markers are differentially expressed in retinal ganglion cells of marmoset retina.
Convergence to the planar interface for a nonlocal free‐boundary evolution
Authors: Otto Felix , Schubert Richard , Westdickenberg Maria G.
Published: September 2024

We capture optimal decay for the Mullins–Sekerka evolution, a nonlocal, parabolic free boundary problem from materials science. Our main result establishes convergence of BV solutions to the planar profile in the physically relevant case of ambient space dimension three. Far from assuming small or well‐prepared initial data, we allow for initial interfaces that do not have graph structure and are not connected, hence explicitly including the regime of Ostwald ripening. In terms only of initially finite (not small) excess mass and excess surface energy, we establish that the surface becomes a Lipschitz graph within a fixed timescale (quantitatively estimated) and remains trapped within this setting. To obtain the graph structure, we leverage regularity results from geometric measure theory. At the same time, we extend a duality method previously employed for one‐dimensional PDE problems to higher dimensional, nonlocal geometric evolutions. Optimal algebraic decay rates of excess energy, dissipation, and graph height are obtained.
Bioequivalence of Meloxicam Nanocrystal Injection in Healthy Chinese Volunteers
Authors: Hu Shengling , Liu Xia , Wan Qinghua , Zhang Xueyuan , Gong Fengyun
Published: September 2024

This single‐center, randomized, open, two‐preparation, single‐dose, two‐period, self‐crossover trial aimed to assess the bioequivalence and safety of the test (T) preparation compared to the reference (R) preparation following intravenous injection in healthy subjects under fasting conditions. Twenty‐four healthy subjects were enrolled in the study and subjects were randomly divided into two groups at a 1:1 ratio and were administered once per period, with an 8‐day washout period. During each period, serum drug concentrations were detected for pharmacokinetic analysis and adverse events were recorded for safety analysis. The 90% confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios (T:R) of maximum serum concentration, area under the serum concentration‐time curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration, and area under the serum concentration‐time curve from time zero to infinite time fell within the predefined bioequivalence range of 80%‐125%, indicating bioequivalence between the T and R preparation under fasting conditions. Additionally, four subjects (16.7%) experienced five instances of adverse events in the T group, while five subjects (21.7%) experienced five instances of adverse events in the R group. This trial indicated the potential bioequivalence between the T and R products under fasting conditions, based on pharmacokinetic and safety profile.
Organic Chimeras Based on Selenosugars, Steroids, and Fullerenes as Potential Inhibitors of the β‐amyloid Peptide Aggregation
Authors: Lemos Reinier , Pérez‐Badell Yoana , De Nisco Mauro , Carpentieri Andrea , Suárez Margarita , Pedatella Silvana
Published: September 2024

The aggregation of β‐amyloid peptide (Aβ) is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several therapies aimed at reducing the aggregation of this peptide have emerged as potential strategies for the treatment of AD. This paper describes the design and preparation of new hybrid molecules based on steroids, selenosugars, and [60]fullerene as potential inhibitors of Aβ oligomerization. These moieties were selected based on their antioxidant properties and possible areas of interaction with the Aβ. Cyclopropanations between C60 and malonates bearing different steroid and selenosugar moieties using the Bingel–Hirsch protocol have enabled the synthesis of functionalized molecular hybrids. The obtained derivatives were characterized by physical and spectroscopic techniques. Theoretical calculations for all the selenium compounds were performed using the density functional theory DFT/B3LYP‐D3(BJ)/6‐311G(2d,p) predicting the most stable conformations of the synthesized derivatives. Relevant geometrical parameters were investigated to relate the stereochemical behavior and the spectroscopic data obtained. The affinity of the compounds for Aβ‐peptide was estimated by molecular docking simulation, which predicted an increase in affinity and interactions for Aβ for the hybrids containing the C60 core. In addition, parameters such as lipophilicity, polar surface area, and dipole moment were calculated to predict their potential interaction with membrane cells.
Rare Diseases Linked to Mutations in Vitamin Transporters Expressed in the Human Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: Yee Sook Wah , Wang Joanne , Giacomini Kathleen M.
Published: September 2024

Recent advances have significantly enhanced our understanding of the role of membrane transporters in drug disposition, particularly focusing on their influence on pharmacokinetics, and consequently, pharmacodynamics. The relevance of these transporters in clinical pharmacology is well acknowledged. Recent research has also underscored the critical role of membrane transporters as targets in human diseases, including their involvement in rare genetic disorders. This review focuses on transporters for water‐soluble B vitamins, such as thiamine, riboflavin, and biotin, essential cofactors for metabolic enzymes. Mutations in transporters, such as SLC19A3 (thiamine), SLC52A2, and SLC52A3 (riboflavin), and SLC5A6 (multiple B vitamins including pantothenic acid and biotin) are linked to severe neurological disorders due to their role in the blood–brain barrier, which is crucial for brain vitamin supply. Current treatments, mainly involving vitamin supplementation, often result in variable response. This review also provides a short perspective on the role of the transporters in the blood‐cerebrospinal fluid barrier and highlights the potential development of pharmacologic treatments for rare disorders associated with mutations in these transporters.
ALKBH5‐mediated m6A demethylation ameliorates extracellular matrix deposition in cutaneous pathological fibrosis
Authors: Xu Ruoqing , Yang En , Liang Hsin , Luo Shenying , Liu Yunhan , Khoong Yimin , Li Haizhou , Huang Xin , Zhao Yixuan , Zan Tao
Published: September 2024

Background

Elevated extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation is a major contributing factor to the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases. Recent studies have indicated that N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification plays a pivotal role in modulating RNA stability and contribute to the initiation of various pathological conditions. Howbeit, the precise mechanism by which m6A influences ECM deposition remains unclear.

Methods

In this study, we used hypertrophic scars (HTSs) as a paradigm to investigate ECM‐related diseases. We focused on the role of ALKBH5‐mediated m6A demethylation within the pathological progression of HTSs and examined its correlation with clinical stages. The effects of ALKBH5 ablation on ECM components were studied both in vivo and in vitro. Downstream targets of ALKBH5, along with their underlying mechanisms, were identified using integrated high‐throughput analysis, RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation and RNA pull‐down assays. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of exogenous ALKBH5 overexpression was evaluated in fibrotic scar models.

Results

ALKBH5 was decreased in fibroblasts derived from HTS lesions and was negatively correlated with their clinical stages. Importantly, ablation of ALKBH5 promoted the expression of COL3A1, COL1A1, and ELN, leading to pathological deposition and reconstruction of the ECM both in vivo and in vitro. From a therapeutic perspective, the exogenous overexpression of ALKBH5 significantly inhibited abnormal collagen deposition in fibrotic scar models. As determined by integrated high‐throughput analysis, key ECM components including COL3A1, COL1A1, and ELN are direct downstream targets of ALKBH5. By means of its mechanism, ALKBH5 inhibits the expression of COL3A1, COL1A1, and ELN by removing m6A from mRNAs, thereby decreasing their stability in a YTHDF1‐dependent manner.

Conclusions

Our study identified ALKBH5 as an endogenous suppressor of pathological ECM deposition, contributing to the development of a reprogrammed m6A‐targeted therapy for HTSs.
Seismic performance of concrete tunnel–sand–pile interaction by the shake table test
Authors: Haque Md. Foisal , Ansary Mehedi A.
Published: September 2024

This research presents the square root sum of squares response of displacements and tunnel moments under the Kobe and Loma Prieta seismic excitations with a peak ground acceleration of 0.05 g for various dry relative densities of local sand in Bangladesh. For this reason, a one‐dimensional gravitational shake table test was performed after calibration to determine the seismic performance of the concrete tunnel–sand–pile interaction model. A vertical 40 kg load was applied on each pile cap along with the seismic excitations. The experimental results obtained were compared with the previous numerical study conducted by using field data so as to better interpret the variations of results. In the case of vertical sand displacement, the ratio between the previous field data obtained through numerical study and the present study is found to be 0.96. Moreover, the experimental results were compared with the 3D full‐scale numerical analysis results of Plaxis considering the Mohr–Coulomb constitutive model of sand. Variations of experimental and numerical results show a satisfactory level of alignment with the previously published work. According to the shake table test results, the lateral displacement of the tunnel is greater than the vertical displacement because of the transverse directional seismic excitation on the tunnel body. The minimum difference between lateral and vertical displacements of the tunnel is found to be 31% for a relative density of 27% under the Loma Prieta earthquake. However, this research may be advanced in the future by considering various peak ground accelerations, tunnel–pile clearance, and geometric properties.