bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biopoder e normalização da infância: Apontamentos sobre a instrumentalização do lúdico
Authors: Pereira Barros João Paulo , Rodrigues Colaço Veriana De Fátima
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir como as relações entre biopoder e produção de subjetividades infantis apontam pistas sobre a instrumentalização da atividade lúdica na educação infantil. Para tanto, são estabelecidos diálogos com teóricos de vertentes psicológicas e socioantropológicas que tratam da brincadeira, mas fundamentalmente com Foucault e autores que o tomam como referência para problematizar assuntos relativos à infância. Em um primeiro momento, o texto aborda o biopoder na perspectiva foucaultiana, ressaltando sua relação com a construção histórico-social da infância e sua articulação com o campo da educação. Já num segundo momento, o texto levanta questões conceituais acerca da atividade lúdica e suas tensões no âmbito da escola a partir das reflexões socioantropológicas de Gilles Brougère e de consideraçõesoriundas do campo da psicologia, com destaque para Lev Seminiovitch Vygotsky, Daniil Elkonin e Henry Wallon. Em seguida, reflete-se sobre dispositivos de normalização da infância a partir da apropriação da atividade lúdica como instrumento pedagógico no contexto escolar. O ensaio conclui que tal apropriação se articula intimamente com a própria invenção e institucionalização da infância na Modernidade e com o aprimoramento de novas modalidades de poder, como a disciplina e a biopolítica, as quais incidem, de modo simultâneo e complementar, nos indivíduos e nas populações, respectivamente.
Minimally Invasive Surgical Approach Using an Equal-Sized Plate as an External Guide to Lateral Malleolar Fractures
Authors: Aytekin Kürşad , Balta Orhan , Şahiner Göksel G. , Kurnaz Recep , Danışman Murat , Esenyel Cem Zeki
Published: April 2018

Background:

For minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) techniques applied to fractures of the lateral malleolus, there is no external guide for inserting the plate, determining the incision, and inserting the screws as used for fractures in other regions. With MIPPO, fluoroscopy exposure is unavoidable. The MIPPO technique is advantageous for patients; however, the unavoidable problem with this method for the surgical team is repeated exposure to fluoroscopy. To expose the surgical team to least radiation, we used a novel technique with an equal-sized plate as an external guide. We present the results of patients treated with this technique.

Methods:

Patients with isolated lateral malleolar fracture who underwent MIPPO using an equal-sized anatomical lateral malleolar plate as an external guide were retrospectively investigated. VAS scores on postoperative day 1 and AOFAS scores at final evaluation were noted.

Results:

Twenty-six patients were included in the study. Mean ± SD follow-up was 42.46 ± 14.11 months. Mean ± SD VAS score on postoperative day 1 was 3.76 ± 2.58. On final evaluation, prominent implant was identified in two patients, with mean ± SD AOFAS score of 98.00 ± 2.17. No other complications were observed.

Conclusions:

Using an equal-sized plate as external guide may ensure less use of fluoroscopy while determining the incisions. Until an external guide is produced commercially for minimally invasive fixation of lateral malleolar fractures, this method ensures determination of incisions and insertion of screws without requiring the use of fluoroscopy and may be reliably used for minimally invasive surgery.
Scavenging Behavior of the Aquatic Eastern Hellbender Salamander (Cryptobranchus Alleganiensis) in North Carolina
Authors: Unger Shem D.
Published: April 2018

Vertebrates may scavenge, or utilize carrion resources more than has been widely assumed (Devault et al. 2003). While documentation of scavengers in terrestrial and marine systems has received increased attention (Beasley et al. 2015; Davenport et al. 2016), little is known regarding scavengers in freshwater stream systems. Dominant fully aquatic salamanders are important foragers in these systems and may rival the biomass of predatory fish species (Davic and Welsh 2004). One fully aquatic salamander in Appalachian streams, the eastern hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis), occurs in NC streams which receive potentially large seasonal influxes of hatchery reared trout (NCWRC 2017). Moreover, few reports exist in the published literature on the food preferences of eastern hellbender salamanders. While hellbender diet is comprised of 90% crayfish based on stomach content analysis (Peterson et al. 1989), a small portion of their diet is thought to include fish or fish bait (Nickerson and Mays 1973). Barring a few anecdotal reports from fisherman, little is known regarding scavenging by hellbenders in NC.
Three-dimensional architecture of the whole human soleus muscle in vivo
Authors: Bolsterlee Bart , Finni Taija , D’Souza Arkiev , Eguchi Junya , Clarke Elizabeth C. , Herbert Robert D.
Published: April 2018

Background

Most data on the architecture of the human soleus muscle have been obtained from cadaveric dissection or two-dimensional ultrasound imaging. We present the first comprehensive, quantitative study on the three-dimensional anatomy of the human soleus muscle in vivo using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) techniques.

Methods

We report three-dimensional fascicle lengths, pennation angles, fascicle curvatures, physiological cross-sectional areas and volumes in four compartments of the soleus at ankle joint angles of 69 ± 12° (plantarflexion, short muscle length; average ± SD across subjects) and 108 ± 7° (dorsiflexion, long muscle length) of six healthy young adults. Microdissection and three-dimensional digitisation on two cadaveric muscles corroborated the compartmentalised structure of the soleus, and confirmed the validity of DTI-based muscle fascicle reconstructions.

Results

The posterior compartments of the soleus comprised 80 ± 5% of the total muscle volume (356 ± 58 cm3). At the short muscle length, the average fascicle length, pennation angle and curvature was 37 ± 8 mm, 31 ± 3° and 17 ± 4 /m, respectively. We did not find differences in fascicle lengths between compartments. However, pennation angles were on average 12° larger (p < 0.01) in the posterior compartments than in the anterior compartments. For every centimetre that the muscle-tendon unit lengthened, fascicle lengths increased by 3.7 ± 0.8 mm, pennation angles decreased by −3.2 ± 0.9° and curvatures decreased by −2.7 ± 0.8 /m. Fascicles in the posterior compartments rotated almost twice as much as in the anterior compartments during passive lengthening.

Discussion

The homogeneity in fascicle lengths and inhomogeneity in pennation angles of the soleus may indicate a functionally different role for the anterior and posterior compartments. The data and techniques presented here demonstrate how DTI can be used to obtain detailed, quantitative measurements of the anatomy of complex skeletal muscles in living humans.
A new species ofGulofrom the Early Pliocene Gray Fossil Site (Eastern United States); rethinking the evolution of wolverines
Authors: Samuels Joshua X. , Bredehoeft Keila E. , Wallace Steven C.
Published: April 2018

The wolverine (Gulo gulo) is the largest living terrestrial member of the Mustelidae; a versatile predator formerly distributed throughout boreal regions of North America and Eurasia. Though commonly recovered from Pleistocene sites across their range, pre-Pleistocene records of the genus are exceedingly rare. Here, we describe a new species ofGulofrom the Gray Fossil Site in Tennessee. Based on biostratigraphy, a revised estimate of the age of the Gray Fossil Site is Early Pliocene, near the Hemphillian—Blancan transition, between 4.9 and 4.5 Ma. This represents the earliest known occurrence of a wolverine, more than one million years earlier than any other record. The new species of wolverine described here shares similarities with previously described species ofGulo, and with early fishers (Pekania). As the earliest records of bothGuloandPekaniaare known from North America, this suggests the genus may have evolved in North America and dispersed to Eurasia later in the Pliocene. Both fauna and flora at the Gray Fossil Site are characteristic of warm/humid climates, which suggests wolverines may have become ‘cold-adapted’ relatively recently. Finally, detailed comparison indicatesPlesiogulo, which has often been suggested to be ancestral toGulo, is not likely closely related to gulonines, and instead may represent convergence on a similar niche.
Accuracy of taxonomy prediction for 16S rRNA and fungal ITS sequences
Authors: Edgar Robert C.
Published: April 2018

Prediction of taxonomy for marker gene sequences such as 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a fundamental task in microbiology. Most experimentally observed sequences are diverged from reference sequences of authoritatively named organisms, creating a challenge for prediction methods. I assessed the accuracy of several algorithms using cross-validation by identity, a new benchmark strategy which explicitly models the variation in distances between query sequences and the closest entry in a reference database. When the accuracy of genus predictions was averaged over a representative range of identities with the reference database (100%, 99%, 97%, 95% and 90%), all tested methods had ≤50% accuracy on the currently-popular V4 region of 16S rRNA. Accuracy was found to fall rapidly with identity; for example, better methods were found to have V4 genus prediction accuracy of ∼100% at 100% identity but ∼50% at 97% identity. The relationship between identity and taxonomy was quantified as the probability that a rank is the lowest shared by a pair of sequences with a given pair-wise identity. With the V4 region, 95% identity was found to be a twilight zone where taxonomy is highly ambiguous because the probabilities that the lowest shared rank between pairs of sequences is genus, family, order or class are approximately equal.
TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO – TIC NO ENSINO APRENDIZAGM DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Giassi Maristela Gonçalves , Ramos Mariana Colombo
Published: April 2018

O mundo caminha cada vez mais em direção a inovações tecnológicas, sendo que a Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação – TIC, tem se modificado e avançado sempre mais. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a eficácia do uso de TICs no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Ciências. Usou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, descritiva, com duas turmas de sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental em uma escola da rede Publica Estadual de Criciúma. Uma turma foi o lócus da experiência e a outra, controle. Os alunos fizeram trabalhos utilizando pesquisa na internet, programa power point, criação de vídeo no programa movie maker, câmera e gravador de áudio do celular e vídeos do youtube. Os estudantes fizeram excelentes trabalhos resultando em grande aprendizado de todos.
MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICA NA SALA DE AULA: UMA ABORDAGEM INTERDISCIPLINAR NO ENSINO DE FÍSICA
Authors: Soares Maria Rosana
Published: April 2018

Este artigo objetiva apresentar e discutir as contribuições obtidas por meio das atividades de Modelagem sobre energia elétrica no Ensino de Física. Isso foi aplicado em colégios estaduais, Paraná. O estudo se orienta a partir de pesquisas bibliográficas e práticas; metodologicamente, faz uso da pesquisa qualitativa e do tipo estudo de caso, em que as coletas de dados se deram por meio da observação, intervenção na pesquisa, dados extraídos dela e questionário pós-teste: dados retirados da COPEL, anotações, registros e materiais elaborados pelos sujeitos. Portanto, as atividades desenvolvidas de Modelagem propiciaram contribuições aos sujeitos em termos sociais, ambientais, financeiros e conceitos estudados e pesquisados, pois eles evidenciaram a relevância do uso racional da energia elétrica e seu uso consciente cotidianamente.
HISTÓRIA DA MATEMÁTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL: UMA ANÁLISE DE LIVROS-TEXTO DE ELETRÔNICA DIGITAL E DE CIRCUITOS DE CORRENTE CONTÍNUA
Authors: Sá Lauro Chagas e , Sá Fabricio Bortolini de , Polonini Giuseppe Togneri , Soares Joice De Souza
Published: April 2018

Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa relacionada à História da Matemática que analisou como os livros-texto  de Eletrônica Digital e de Circuitos de Corrente Contínua abordam elementos históricos relacionados à Álgebra de Boole e às Leis de Kirchhoff, respectivamente. As obras analisadas pertencem ao acervo da biblioteca da nossa instituição e são utilizadas como referências nas disciplinas do Curso Técnico em Automação Industrial Integrado ao Ensino Médio. No que tange ao aspecto metodológico, desenvolvemos uma pesquisa bibliográfica, selecionando para análise os livros mais acessados pelos estudantes em cada disciplina. Verificamos que a maioria dos exemplares analisados não apresenta adequadamente a história. Como acreditamos que a formação profissional deve compreender conhecimentos técnicos e científicos em sua historicidade, concluímos que seria importante investigar as possibilidades da História da Ciência para o ensino da técnica.
SEQUÊNCIA DE ATIVIDADES DIDÁTICAS PARA UMA ABORDAGEM FENOMENOLÓGICA DA ONDULATÓRIA EM UMA PERSPECTIVA DE SALA DE AULA INVERTIDA
Authors: Richter Sabrina Skrebsky , Sauerwein Ricardo Andreas
Published: April 2018

Elaboramos, implementamos e avaliamos um conjunto de quatorze atividades didáticas (AD) baseadas em TIC, na perspectiva da sala de aula invertida. As AD buscam incentivar os estudantes a relacionar as grandezas e conceitos estudados em sala de aula com os fenômenos observados em seu cotidiano e abordam praticamente todo o conteúdo programático de Oscilações e Ondas do Ensino Médio (EM). As AD estão disponibilizadas em formato eletrônico em um ambiente próprio acessado pela Internet e são planejadas para que seja possível seu uso em uma metodologia de sala de aula invertida.
ATIVIDADES DE ENSINO REALIZADAS NO MUSEU DE HISTÓRIA DO PANTANAL/MUHPAN E QUESTÕES INDÍGENAS
Authors: Santos da Silva Ketylen Karyne , Peres Gonçalves Josiane
Published: April 2018

O presente estudo tem por finalidade refletir sobre as atividades educativas realizadas pelo Museu de História do Pantanal/ Muhpan, com ênfase para as atividades de ensino e cultura indígena. Assim, inicialmente são apresentadas discussões relativas às funções sociais dos museus e o que se entende por educação não-formal. Em seguida apresenta-se o histórico do Muhpan, como encontra-se organizado o seu circuito expositivo, com ênfase para informações sobre cultura indígena e atividades educativas realizadas pelo referido museu. Os resultados sugerem que o Muhpan deve ser visto como um portador de estratégias discursivas, transmissor de um conhecimento geral e não aprofundado da história indígena, porém o conhecimento transmitido no referido museu é capaz de servir de referência para a construção de novos saberes.
ARTICULAÇÕES ENTRE O LIVRO DIDÁTICO DE BIOLOGIA E OS INTERESSES DOS ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Amestoy Micheli Bordoli , Tolentino-Neto Luiz Caldeira Brant de
Published: April 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar a frequência com que os temas de maior interesse dos alunos do Ensino Médio aparecem nos Livros Didáticos (LD) de Biologia. Realizou-se uma pesquisa documental do tipo exploratória e descritiva com caráter quantitativo-qualitativo em 3 coleções de LDs de Biologia aprovadas no PNLD 2012. As análises nos LDs foram feitas a partir da Análise de Conteúdo. Para isso, os 8 itens de alto interesses dos alunos foram utilizados como categorias de análises em 9 LDs de Biologia. Os critérios para a escolha dos temas em análise foram elencados a partir da tese de doutoramento de Santos-Gouw (2013) a qual teve como objetivo investigar os assuntos de interesses de aprendizagem dos alunos de 15 anos. Os dados desta tese foram obtidos após a aplicação do instrumento The Relevance of Science Education (ROSE) em português – A Relevância do Ensino de Ciências.
Corn yield in sandy soil fertilized with poultry litter
Authors: Barros Juliana da Silva , Medeiros João Carlos , Rosa Jaqueline Dalla , Conceição de Sousa Julian Junio de Jesus Lacerda, Daiane , Mafra Maria Sueli Heberle
Published: April 2018

The use of animal waste is an alternative to provide nutrients and increase organic matter content in sandy soils. The poultry litter is one of the most nutrient-rich residues. The objective of this study was assess the effect of poultry litter as organic fertilizer on productivity of corn and chemical properties of a sandy soil. The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Federal University of Piauí, in the municipality of Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil. The treatments were poultry litter levels: 0 (control), 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24 t ha-1. We evaluated the effect of poultry litter on the soil chemical properties, plant growth and productivity of corn. We also evaluated the correlation between variables of the plant and soil chemical properties. The maximum productivity was obtained with the highest level poultry litter (24 t ha-1). Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, pH, and soil organic matter increased due to the increase of poultry litter levels. The soil chemical properties have positive relationship with stem diameter and productivity of corn. The poultry litter is an organic fertilizer with potential of increase the productivity of the corn and meliorate the fertility of sandy soils.
Effects of green manures during fallow on moisture and nutrients of soil and winter wheat yield on the Loss Plateau of China
Authors: Tianqing Du Naiwen Xue
Published: April 2018

The application of catch crops as a green manure can enhance soil fertility owing to improving soil nutrients. We conducted one year field experiment to evaluate the effect of catch crops [Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different sowing rates and Soy bean (Glycine max L.)] with biological organic fertilizer 1,500 kg/ha on wheat yield and soil nutrients. The green manures were sown on 3th July 2015 during summer fallow. At the beginning, there were five treatments as follows: R1 (Rapeseed and sowing rate was 7.5 kg/ha); R2 (Rapeseed and sowing rate was 15 kg/ha); R3 (Rapeseed and sowing rate was 22.5 kg/ha); S (Soy bean and sowing rate was 105 kg/ha); C (Control was bare field). Every green manure treatment was split into two treatments on 27th September 2015. One treatment we turned the above ground biomass of green manure into the soil. And another treatment we harvested the above ground biomass of green manure. The above ground biomass turned into soil treatments were G1, G3, G5 and G7. The above ground biomass harvested treatments were G2, G4, G6 and G8. The treatment C was still the bare field. Soil samples were taken twice to measure soil moisture and nutrients at two stages. One stage was in autumn before winter wheat sowing and another stage was in next year summer after wheat harvest. The significantly highest 1,000-grain weight and grain yield belonged to the treatment C, which were 10.69%-36.87% and 16.86%-72.5% higher than that of the green manures treatments. After wheat harvest, the 0-20 cm soil available N and total N of G7 were 51.40%-20.45% and 95.12%-125.35% significantly better than that of other treatments. The significantly highest soil total P of 0-20 cm belonged to G3 after wheat harvest, which was 25%-45.83% better than other treatments. Before wheat sowing, the treatment C kept the significantly lowest soil available K of five layers. The 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil organic matter of the treatment S was 40.28%-71.12% and 53.92%-122.67% significantly higher than other treatments before wheat sowing. Therefore, growing rapeseed and soy bean during summer fallow in this region significantly reduced 1,000-grain weight and grain yield of subsequent winter wheat. But the incorporation of green manures improved the soil nutrients to some extent.
The Potential of a Multidecade Spaceborne Lidar Record to Constrain Cloud Feedback
Authors: Chepfer H. , Noel V. , Chiriaco M. , Wielicki B. , Winker D. , Loeb N. , Wood R.
Published: April 2018

Synthetic multidecadal spaceborne lidar records are used to examine when a cloud response to anthropogenic forcing would be detectable from spaceborne lidar observations. The synthetic records are generated using long‐term cloud changes predicted by two Coupled Model Intercomparison Program 5 models seen through the COSP/lidar (CFMIP, Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project, Observation Simulators Package) and cloud interannual variability observed by the CALIPSO (Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) spaceborne lidar during the past decade. CALIPSO observations do not show any significant trend yet. Our analysis of the synthetic time series suggests that the tropical cloud longwave feedback and the Southern Ocean cloud shortwave feedback might be constrained with 70% confidence with, respectively, a 20‐year and 29‐year uninterrupted lidar‐in‐space record. A 27‐year record might be needed to separate the two different model predictions in the tropical subsidence clouds. Assuming that combining the CALIPSO and Earth‐CARE (Earth Clouds, Aerosols and Radiation Explorer) missions will lead to a spaceborne lidar record of at least 16 years, we examine the impact of gaps and calibration offsets between successive missions. A 2‐year gap between Earth‐CARE and the following spaceborne lidar would have no significant impact on the capability to constrain the cloud feedback if all the space lidars were perfectly intercalibrated. Any intercalibration shift between successive lidar missions would delay the capability to constrain the cloud feedback mechanisms, larger shifts leading to longer delays.
The effect of fear‐inducing content on memory for advertisements and on retroactive and proactive interference of programme information
Authors: Akram Zara , McClelland Alastair , Furnham Adrian
Published: April 2018

The current study focused on whether fear‐inducing content in television advertisements leads to better memory for the advertisement but also impairs memory for programme information that either precedes the advertisements (retroactive interference) or that follows the advertisements (proactive interference). Fifty‐four participants (48 female) aged 18 to 55 watched a programme that had an advertisement break in the centre. This consisted of 6 advertisements with either fear‐inducing or nonfear‐inducing content. Participants were tested on their recall and recognition of the advertisement information as well as their recall of the first half and second half of the programme. The results indicated that fear‐inducing advertisements were better recalled than those that elicited no fear, and there was also evidence of proactive interference from fear‐inducing advertisements on programme recall. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed.
Willingness to transmit and the spread of pseudoscientific beliefs
Authors: Mercier H. , Majima Y. , Miton H.
Published: April 2018

Pseudoscientific beliefs are widespread and can be damaging. If several studies have examined the factors leading people to accept pseudoscientific beliefs, no attention has been paid to the factors contributing to people's willingness to transmit these beliefs. To test whether the willingness to transmit pseudoscientific beliefs contributes to their spread, independent of their believability, we asked participants to rate statements corresponding either to pseudoscientific beliefs (Myths), or to their (correct) negations (Non‐Myths). Statements were rated on believability, on how willing participants would be to transmit them, and on how knowledgeable they would make someone who produces them. Results revealed that participants who believed in Myths were more willing to transmit them than the participants who believed in Non‐Myths were willing to transmit Non‐Myths. A potential factor driving the increased willingness to transmit both Myths and Non‐Myths might be participants' belief that holding the beliefs makes one seem more knowledgeable.
Core Curriculum to Facilitate the Expansion of a Rheumatology Practice to Include Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants
Authors: Smith Benjamin J. , Bolster Marcy B. , Slusher Barbara , Stamatos Christine , Scott Jeanne R. , Benham Heather , Kazi Salahuddin , Schlenk Elizabeth A. , Schaffer Daniel E. , Majithia Vikas , Brown Calvin R. , Von Feldt Joan M. , Flood Joseph , Haag David M. , Smarr Karen L.
Published: April 2018

Objective

Due to an aging population, increasing prevalence of rheumatic disease, and a growing supply and demand gap of rheumatology providers, innovative solutions are needed to meet the needs of persons with rheumatic conditions. Nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) have been identified as a group of health professionals who could help address the workforce shortage. The Executive Committee of the Association of Rheumatology Health Professionals (ARHP), a division of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), charged a task force to facilitate the preparation of NPs/PAs to work in a rheumatology practice setting.

Methods

The task force, consisting of private practice and academic rheumatologists, and NPs and PAs, from both adult and pediatric settings, conducted a needs assessment survey of current NPs and PAs to identify mechanisms for acquiring rheumatology knowledge. Through face‐to‐face and webinar meetings, and incorporating stakeholder feedback, the task force designed a rheumatology curriculum outline to enrich the training of new NPs and PAs joining rheumatology practice.

Results

Informed by the needs assessment data and stakeholders, an NP/PA rheumatology curriculum outline was developed and endorsed by the ACR Board of Directors for use by community‐based and academic rheumatology practices, whether pediatric or adult, who desire to add NPs and PAs to their practice setting.

Conclusion

As rheumatology is facing workforce shortages, the ACR/ARHP rheumatology curriculum outline can be utilized to train NPs and PAs and create more efficient integration of NPs and PAs into rheumatology practice.
Racial Disparities in the Incidence of Primary Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus in the Southeastern US: The Georgia Lupus Registry
Authors: Drenkard Cristina , Parker Sareeta , Aspey Laura D. , Gordon Caroline , Helmick Charles G. , Bao Gaobin , Lim S. Sam
Published: April 2018

Objective

Relative to studies of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), epidemiologic studies of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE) are rare and are limited to populations with no racial diversity. We sought to provide minimum estimates of the incidence of primary CCLE (CCLE in the absence of SLE) in a population comprised predominantly of white individuals and black individuals in the southeastern region of the US.

Methods

The Georgia Lupus Registry allowed for the use of multiple sources for case‐finding, including dermatology and rheumatology practices, multispecialty health care facilities, and dermatopathology reports. Cases with a clinical or clinical/histologic diagnosis of CCLE were classified as definite. Cases ascertained exclusively from dermatopathology reports were categorized as probable. Age‐standardized incidence rates stratified by sex and race were calculated for discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) in particular and for CCLE in general.

Results

The overall age‐adjusted estimates for combined (definite and probable) CCLE were 3.9 per 100,000 person‐years (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.4–4.5). The overall age‐adjusted incidences of definite and combined DLE were 2.9 (95% CI 2.4–3.4) and 3.7 (95% CI 3.2–4.3) per 100,000 person‐years, respectively. When capture–recapture methods were used, the age‐adjusted incidence of definite DLE increased to 4.0 (95% CI 3.2–4.3). The black:white and female:male incidence ratios for definite DLE were 5.4 and 3.1, respectively.

Conclusion

Our findings underscore the striking racial disparities in susceptibility to primary CCLE, with black individuals having a 3‐fold to 5‐fold increased incidence of CCLE in general, and DLE in particular, compared with white individuals. The observed sex differences were consistent with those reported previously, with a 3 times higher risk of DLE in women compared with men.
The Impact of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus on the Clinical Phenotype of Antiphospholipid Antibody–Positive Patients: Results From the AntiPhospholipid Syndrome Alliance for Clinical Trials and InternatiOnal Clinical Database and Repository
Authors: Unlu Ozan , Erkan Doruk , Barbhaiya Medha , Andrade Danieli , Nascimento Iana , Rosa Renata , Banzato Alessandra , Pengo Vittorio , Ugarte Amaia , Gerosa Maria , Ji Lanlan , Efthymiou Maria , Branch D. Ware , de Jesus Guilherme Ramires , Tincani Angela , Belmont H. Michael , Fortin Paul R. , Petri Michelle , Rodriguez Esther , Pons‐Estel Guillermo J. , Knight Jason S. , Atsumi Tatsuya , Willis Rohan , Zuily Stephane , Tektonidou Maria G. ,   the AntiPhospholipid Syndrome Alliance for Clinical Trials and InternatiOnal Networking Investigators
Published: April 2018

Objective

Although systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most common autoimmune disease associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), limited data exist regarding the impact of SLE on the clinical phenotype of aPL‐positive patients. The primary objective of this study was to compare the clinical, laboratory, and treatment characteristics of aPL‐positive patients with SLE with those of aPL‐positive patients without SLE.

Methods

A secure web‐based data capture system was used to store patient demographic characteristics and aPL‐related clinical and laboratory characteristics. Inclusion criteria included positive aPL according to the updated Sapporo classification criteria. Antiphospholipid antibody–positive patients fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification of SLE (“aPL with SLE”) and those with no other autoimmune diseases (“aPL only”) were included in the analysis.

Results

Six hundred seventy‐two aPL‐positive patients were recruited from 24 international centers; 426 of these patients did not have other autoimmune disease, and 197 had SLE. The frequency of thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, low complement levels, and IgA anti–β2‐glycoprotein I (anti‐β2GPI) antibodies was higher in the aPL‐positive patients with SLE, whereas the frequency of cognitive dysfunction and IgG anti‐β2GPI antibodies was higher in the aPL‐only group. The frequency of arterial and venous thromboses (including recurrent) as well as pregnancy morbidity was similar in the 2 groups. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors at the time of entry into the registry entry did not differ between the 2 groups, with the exception of current smoking, which was more frequent in aPL‐positive patients with SLE.

Conclusion

Although the frequencies of thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity are similar in aPL‐positive patients with and those without SLE, the diagnosis of SLE in patients with persistently positive aPL is associated with an increased frequency of thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, low complement levels, and positive IgA anti‐β2GPI antibodies.
Enhanced Charge Separation Efficiency in DNA Templated Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Toschi Francesco , Catone Daniele , O'Keeffe Patrick , Paladini Alessandra , Turchini Stefano , Dagar Janardan , Brown Thomas M.
Published: April 2018

The insertion of a DNA nanolayer into polymer based solar cells, between the electron transport layer (ETL) and the active material, is proposed to improve the charge separation efficiency. Complete bulk heterojunction donor–acceptor solar cells of the layered type glass/electrode (indium tin oxide)/ETL/P3HT:PC70BM/hole transport layer/electrode (Ag) are investigated using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy both in the NIR and the UV–vis regions of the spectrum. The transient spectral changes indicate that when the DNA is deposited on the ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) it can imprint a different long range order on the poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) polymer with respect to the non‐ZnO‐NPs/DNA containing cells. This leads to a larger delocalization of the initially formed exciton and its faster quenching which is attributed to more efficient exciton dissociation. Finally, the temporal response of the NIR absorption shows that the DNA promotes more efficient production of charge transfer states and free polarons in the P3HT cation indicating that the increased exciton dissociation correlates with increased charge separation.
High‐Performance Polypyrrole/Graphene/SnCl2 Modified Polyester Textile Electrodes and Yarn Electrodes for Wearable Energy Storage
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Liu Rong , Xu Chunyang , Bai Yang , Zhou Xiaoming , Wang Yongji , Yuan Guohui
Published: April 2018

Flexible supercapacitors have potential for wearable energy storage due to their high energy/power densities and long operating lifetimes. High electrochemical performance with robust mechanical properties is highly desired for flexible supercapacitor electrodes. Usually, the mechanical properties are improved by choosing high flexible textile substrates but at the much expense of electrochemical performance due to the nonideal contact between conductive materials and textile substrates. Herein, the authors present an efficient, scalable, and general strategy for the simultaneous fabrication of high‐performance textile electrodes and yarn electrodes. It is interesting to find that the conformal reduced graphene oxide (RGO) layer is uniformly and successively painted on the surface of SnCl2 modified polyester fibers (M‐PEF) via a repeated “dyeing and drying” strategy. The large‐area textile electrodes and ultralong yarn electrodes are fabricated by using RGO/M‐PEF as substrate with subsequent deposition of polypyrrole. This work provides new opportunities for developing high flexible textile electrodes and yarn electrodes with further increased electrochemical performance and scalable production.
Significant Enhancement of Photothermal and Photoacoustic Efficiencies for Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles through Simply Molecular Engineering
Authors: Dong Tao , Wen Kaikai , Chen Jun , Xie Jin , Fan Weili , Ma Han , Yang Lei , Wu Xiaoxi , Xu Fujian , Peng Aidong , Huang Hui
Published: April 2018

Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SP NPs) are employed as efficient nanoagents for “all‐in‐one” theranostic nanoplatforms with dual photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal therapy (PTT) functions based on their photothermal conversion effect. However, the mechanisms of tuning the PTT efficiency are still elusive, though several SP NPs with high photothermal efficiency are reported. Herein, two donor–acceptor (D–A) SP NPs PTIGSVS and PIIGSVS with the same donor unit but different acceptor units are designed and synthesized. Through tuning the acceptor unit, PTIGSVS shows more planar backbone structure, stronger D–A strength, redshifted absorption, enhanced extinction efficient, weakened emission properties, and more efficient nonradiative decay in comparison to the polymeric analogue PIIGSVS. Thus, PTIGSVS NPs present much higher photothermal conversion efficiencies (74%) than PIIGSVS NPs (11%), resulting in significantly enhanced in vitro and in vivo PAI and PTT performance. This contribution demonstrates that PTIGSVS NPs are superior PA/PTT agents for effective cancer theranostic and shed light on understanding the relationship between molecular structures and photothermal effect of CPs.
Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Energy Conversion in Ultrathin Film Photoanodes with Hierarchically Tailorable Mesoscale Structure
Authors: Norman Mya A. , Perez Walker L. , Kline Chandler C. , Coridan Robert H.
Published: April 2018

Highly porous electrode designs are often employed for photoelectrochemical energy conversion applications. “Inverse opal” structures generate high surface area electrodes to enhance light absorption in semiconductors with short carrier collection lengths, effectively increasing the optical depth of ultrathin film photoelectrodes. Here, the fabrication of hierarchically structured, “host–guest” photoelectrodes based on selective atomic layer deposition of ZnO in composite polystyrene–SiO2 nanosphere films is described. Nanostructured scaffolds for ultrathin film photoanodes are prepared with a facile, continuously tunable solution‐phase synthesis. The characteristic length scales for absorption, carrier collection, and mass transport can be independently engineered into the electrode by choosing appropriate colloidal components for the composite scaffold. 20 nm ZnO photoanode layers based on the “host–guest” architecture exhibit roughly 500 times the photocurrent generated on an equivalent planar electrode and a 430% increase over a photoanode structured by a scaffold comprised of a close‐packed assembly of identical SiO2 nanospheres. This results from an improved balance of reactant mass transport and the locus of light absorption throughout the electrode. This approach offers a facile route for preparing strategically nanostructured photoelectrodes based on strategies developed from more complex fabrication techniques.
Lowering Internal Friction of 0D–1D–2D Ternary Nanocomposite‐Based Strain Sensor by Fullerene to Boost the Sensing Performance
Authors: Shi Xinlei , Liu Shuiren , Sun Yang , Liang Jiajie , Chen Yongsheng
Published: April 2018

The development of strain sensors with both large strain range (>50%) and high gauge factor (>100) is a grand challenge. High sensitivity requires material to perform considerable structural deformation under tiny strain, whereas high stretchability demands structural connection or morphological integrity for materials upon large deformation, yet both features are hard to be achieved in one thin film. A new 0D–1D–2D ternary nanocomposite–based strain sensor is developed that possesses high sensitivity in broad working strain range (gauge factor 2392.9 at 62%), low hysteresis, good linearity, and long‐term durability. The skin‐mountable strain sensor, fabricated through one‐step screen‐printing process, is made of 1D silver nanowire offering high electrical conductivity, 2D graphene oxide offering brittle layered structure, and 0D fullerene offering lubricity. The fullerene constitutes a critical component that lowers the friction between graphene oxide–based layers and facilitates the sliding between adjacent layers without hurting the brittle nature of the nanocomposite film. When stretching, layer slippage induced by fullerene can accommodate partial applied stress and boost the strain, while cracks originating and propagating in the brittle nanocomposite film ensure large resistance change over the whole working strain range. Such high comprehensive performance renders the strain sensor applicable to full‐spectrum human motion detection.
Large Enhancement of 2D Electron Gases Mobility Induced by Interfacial Localized Electron Screening Effect
Authors: Chi Xiao , Huang Zhen , Asmara Teguh C. , Han Kun , Yin Xinmao , Yu Xiaojiang , Diao Caozheng , Yang Ming , Schmidt Daniel , Yang Ping , Trevisanutto Paolo E. , Whitcher T. J. , Venkatesan T. , Breese Mark B. H. , Ariando  , Rusydi Andrivo
Published: April 2018

The interactions between delocalized and localized charges play important roles in correlated electron systems. Here, using a combination of transport measurements, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) supported by theoretical calculations, we reveal the important role of interfacial localized charges and their screening effects in determining the mobility of (La0.3Sr0.7)(Al0.65Ta0.35)O3/SrTiO3 (LSAT/SrTiO3) interfaces. When the LSAT layer thickness reaches the critical value of 5 uc, the insulating interface abruptly becomes conducting, accompanied by the appearance of a new midgap state. This midgap state emerges at ≈1 eV below the Ti t2g band and shows a strong character of Ti 3dxy – O 2p hybridization. Increasing the LSAT layer from 5 to 18 uc, the number of localized charges increases, resulting in an enhanced screening effect and higher mobile electron mobility. This observation contradicts the traditional semiconductor interface where the localized charges always suppress the carrier mobility. These results demonstrate a new strategy to probe localized charges and mobile electrons in correlated electronic systems and highlight the important role of screening effects from localized charges in improving the mobile electron mobility at complex oxide interfaces.
Enhanced Photochemical/Electrochemical Performance of Graphene Benefited from Morphological Change as Substrate of Typical Composites
Authors: Pan Meilan , Shan Chao , Hua Ming , Guo Shengqi , Pan Bingcai , Gao Guandao
Published: April 2018

Graphene supporting nanoparticles (NPs@G) are one of the hottest topics in the field of graphene application because the resultant nanocomposites inhibit the intrinsic aggregation of the free NPs and facilitate NP recycle as well. However, the morphological change of graphene in NPs@G and subsequent effects on their performances are now neglected. Here, for the first time, it is verified that graphene confined in NPs@G becomes flatter than the separate graphene sheets by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analysis. Most importantly, the flatter graphene in NPs@G can enhance electron transfer across/along the graphene surface, resulting in much better performance of the composites for photochemical/electrochemical water treatment. These findings are believed to help to better understand the role of graphene in NPs@G and design novel graphene–based nanocomposites which are the hot topics in almost all aspects.
Coupled Dirac Plasmons in Topological Insulators
Authors: Ginley Theresa P. , Law Stephanie
Published: April 2018

Topological insulators are predicted to house spin‐polarized 2D Dirac plasmons. In topological insulator thin films, Dirac plasmons on the top and bottom surfaces are coupled, giving rise to an unusual dispersion relationship. These plasmons are of interest both for fundamental science as well as applications in terahertz sensing and waveguiding. In this article, conclusive evidence is presented for coupled Dirac plasmons excited in the surface states of topological insulator thin film stripe arrays by investigating how the plasmon frequency depends on both film thickness and stripe width. Bi2Se3 films of thickness 50–200 nm are patterned into periodic stripes of width 1–4 µm to excite plasmons. The plasmon frequency dependence on both film thickness and stripe width is found to be in good agreement with theoretical models for coupling 2D Dirac plasmons. Alternative explanations such as 2D massive plasmons are shown to be inconsistent with data. Finally, effective mode indexes of up to 211 are reported, demonstrating incredible confinement of light in the terahertz frequency range.
Preparation and characterization of thermoplastic poly(urethane‐urea) solid–solid phase‐change materials for thermal energy storage
Authors: Wu Bo , Liu Zhimeng , Jiang Liang , Zhou Changlin , Lei Jingxin
Published: April 2018

Three kinds of thermoplastic poly(urethane‐urea) PCMs were synthesized by two‐step condensation polymerization for thermal energy storage. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was employed as the phase‐change functional chain, and three kinds of diamine compounds were individually adopted as chain extender. The chemical structure, crystalline properties, phase‐change behaviors, thermal stabilities, and reliabilities were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, polarizing optical microscopy, and thermogravimetric, respectively. The crystalline structure of synthesized thermoplastic PCMs is identical to pure PEG, but the spherulite size decreases to some extent due to the confined crystalline region. The synthesized thermoplastic PCMs have proper phase‐change temperature with high phase‐change enthalpy of about 88 J/g. The synthesized thermoplastic PCMs are stable at their processing and working temperature with the onset degradation temperature higher than 250°C, and tensile strength reaches 20.59 MPa. Thus, the synthesized thermoplastic PCMs can be processed into desirable shape for the special applications in energy storage.
Natural convection inside heated channel of a facility representing prismatic modular reactor core
Authors: Taha Mahmoud M. , Said Ibrahim A. , Usman Shoaib , Al‐Dahhan Muthanna H.
Published: April 2018

The newly developed Plenum‐to‐Plenum facility (P2PF) at Missouri S&T has shown to be an innovative separate effects test facility representing the geometry of prismatic modular reactors. Thermal and velocity fields inside this dual channel facility have been investigated under different natural circulation intensities. It is found that temperature and velocity profiles are function of the measurements locations and the amount of heat supplied to the channel. Quantification of the overall Rayleigh number
versus overall Reynold number
are found to be related by
. Upper plenum mixing was characterized by determining the modified Reynold number
and Froude number
dimensionless groups. Analysis of these dimensionless groups along with observable turbulence amplifications emphasize relevance of adopting axial temperature inflection as a criterion for initiation of naturally driven flow destabilization inside vertical heated channels. Additionally, quantification of the distortion factors for characteristic dimensionless groups reveal a good similarity between the P2PF and the Modular High Temperature Gas‐cooled Reactor. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3467–3478, 2018
Fabrication of mixed‐matrix membranes with MOF‐derived porous carbon for CO2 separation
Authors: Zhang Weixin , Liu Dahuan , Guo Xiangyu , Huang Hongliang , Zhong Chongli
Published: April 2018

Mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) have shown great advantages but still face some challenges, such as the trade‐off between permeability and selectivity, stability, and the lack of efficient ways to enhance them simultaneously. Here, the fabrication of MMMs with metal‐organic frameworks derived porous carbons (MOF‐PCs) as fillers which exhibit selective‐facilitating CO2 transport passage originating from interactions between fillers and CO2 is showed. With the aid of the developed multicalcination method, MOF‐PCs with variable N‐contents were prepared and incorporated into PPO‐PEG matrix for the first time to prepare MMMs, which show excellent separation performance for CO2/CH4 mixture with a tunable separation performance by combining different N‐contents and surface areas of MOF‐PCs. Moreover, the developed MMMs have hydrothermal and chemical stability. This work not only presents a series of MMMs with both good separation properties and stability, it also provides useful information for guiding the fabrication of high performance MMMs for practical application. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3400–3409, 2018