bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of Rise Damage by Leaf Folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based Hyperspectral Data
Authors: Liu Tao , Shi Tiezhu , Zhang Huan , Wu Chao
Published: November 2020

Crop pests and diseases are key factors that damage crop production and threaten food security. Remote sensing techniques may provide an objective and effective alternative for automatic detection of crop pests and diseases. However, ground-based spectroscopic or imaging sensors may be limited in practically guiding the precision application and reduction of pesticide. Therefore, this study developed an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing system to detect leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis). Rice canopy reflectance spectra were obtained in the booting growth stage by using the UAV-based hyperspectral remote sensor. Newly developed and published multivariate spectral indices were initially calculated to estimate leaf-roll rates. The newly developed two-band spectral index (R490−R470), three-band spectral index (R400−R470)/(R400−R490), and published spectral index photochemical reflectance index (R550−R531)/(R550+R531) showed good applicability for estimating leaf-roll rates. The newly developed UAV-based micro hyperspectral system had potential in detecting rice stress induced by leaf folder. The newly developed spectral index (R490−R470) and (R400−R470)/(R400−R490) might be recommended as an indicator for estimating leaf-roll rates in the study area, and (R550−R531)/(R550+R531) might serve as a universal spectral index for monitoring leaf folder.
The Functional Traits of Breeding Bird Communities at Traditional Folk Villages in Korea
Authors: Park Chan Ryul , Suk Sohyeon , Choi Sumin
Published: November 2020

Interaction between nature and human has formulated unique biodiversity in temperate regions. People have conserved and maintained traditional folk villages (TFVs) dominated with houses made of natural materials, arable land and surrounding elements of landscape. Until now, little attention has been given to understand the traits of breeding birds in TFVs of Korea. The aim of this study was to reveal traits of breeding birds in TFVs and get conservative implications for biodiversity. We selected five TFVs: Hahoe maeul (HA), Wanggok maeul (WG), Nagan maeul (NA), Yangdong maeul (YD), and Hangae maeul (HG). We surveyed breeding birds with line transect methods, and analyzed functional traits (diet type and nest type) of birds in TFVs. Among 60 species recorded, Passer montanus (PM), Streptopelia orientalis (SO), Hirundo rustica (HR), Pica pica (PP), Phoenicuros auroreus (PA), Paradoxornis webbiana (PW), Microscelis amaurotis (MA), Carduelis sinica (CA) and Oriolus chinensis (OC) could be potential breeding birds that prefer diverse habitats of TFVs in Korea. Compared to the breeding birds of rural, urban and forest environments, the diversity of nesting types for birds was high in TFVs. The diverse nest types of breeding birds can be linked with habitat heterogeneity influenced by sustainable interaction between nature and human in TFVs in Korea.
Total Costs of Centralized and Decentralized Inventory Strategies—Including External Costs
Authors: Milewski Dariusz
Published: November 2020

The paper deals with the economic efficiency of decentralized and centralized strategies of distribution goods in terms of both internal efficiency of firms and external costs of logistics processes (first of all external costs of transport). The author developed a model (using an electronic spreadsheet) in order to calculate the economical efficiency in the micro and macro dimensions in order to find the distances on which distribution using one central warehouse is more profitable than decentralized distribution. The results of the simulations show that the strategy of centralized inventories can be in many cases an economically effective strategy although not for deliveries on very long distance. The results confirm that the benefits of centralization are lower inventories, although the simulations do not confirm the applicability of the square root law to calculate the level of inventories. However, they confirm a positive impact on the level of logistic customer service, measured by the availability of stocks. Better service is probably the main benefit of this strategy. In order to investigate the impact of individual parameters on the total costs of logistics processes 1300 simulations were carried out for various cases: The volume of annual sales, fluctuations in demand, the value of distributed goods, the number of warehouses in a decentralized system and the width of the product range, costs of warehousing, and maintaining stocks, and the distance of transport and in deliveries to customers.
New Records of Horsehair Worms (Nematomorpha) from India and a Summary of All Known Indian Species
Authors: Yadav Arun K. , Khynriam Dimos , Limatemjen  , Schmidt-Rhaesa Andreas
Published: November 2020

Twenty-one species of the phylum Nematomorpha from India have been described. In this paper, Acutogordius sulawensis is reported for the first time in this country, with new locality records of some Chordodes, Gordius and Acutogordius species from the north-east region of India. The total number of nematomorph species now known from India is thus raised to twenty-two species. This paper supplements information about nematomorph species added to the Indian fauna after 2004.
Towards Psychosocial Well-Being in Historic Urban Landscapes: The Contribution of Cultural Memory
Authors: Hussein Fatmaelzahraa , Stephens John , Tiwari Reena
Published: November 2020

A crucial element in the human search for well-being is achieving a sense of identity within, and belonging to, the landscape in which we live. Landscape should be understood as not only the visible environment but the affective values we attach to it and how we shape it in our mind’s eye. These inner reflections of our landscapes constitute one of our richest archives, in particular, in terms of creating and passing down to future generations our cultural memories. The current paper is a review of literature on the concepts of urban heritage conservation, and, in particular, the development of the historic urban landscape (HUL) approach, with reference to the role and contribution of cultural memory and its presence in the urban landscape. We also investigate how the notions of place attachment and identity interrelate with cultural memory to elucidate how such interrelations can contribute to human psychosocial well-being and quality of life (QOL). This review points to the neglected role of cultural memory in the maintenance of psychosocial well-being in HULs, a topic which requires further research to deepen our understanding about its importance in urban environments.
Reply to the Letter of Charre et al. “Mis-Genotyping of Some Hepatitis D Virus Genotype 2 and 5 Sequences Using HDVdb”
Authors: Usman Zainab , Velkov Stoyan , Protzer Ulrike , Roggendorf Michael , Frishman Dmitrij , Karimzadeh Hadi
Published: November 2020

We thank Charre and colleagues for spotting the mis-annotation of sequences in our database, which was caused by human error [...]
Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacterial Isolates from Dogs and Cats in a Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory in Colombia from 2016–2019
Authors: Gómez-Beltrán David A. , Villar David , López-Osorio Sara , Ferguson Duncan , Monsalve Laura K. , Chaparro-Gutiérrez Jenny J.
Published: November 2020

The susceptibility to antimicrobials of bacterial isolates from dogs (n = 1256) and cats (n = 94) was retrospectively evaluated in a veterinary diagnostic laboratory over a 4-year period (2016–2019). Out of 1316 isolates in dogs, 771 were Staphylococcus spp. distributed as follows: Staph. pseudointermedius (n = 406), Staph. intermedius (n = 160), Staph. aureus (n = 104), and Staph. coagulase-negative (n = 101). In common, all Staphylococcus spp. showed a high prevalence (20–50%) of resistance to ampicillin, cephalosporin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfonamide, but a low prevalence (1–10%) of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate. With regards to the other families of bacteria, the number of antimicrobials for which resistance was high (>20%) in dogs was: Enterobacteriaceae (7/12), Enterococcus spp. (10/16), E. coli (11/15), Pseudomonas spp. (10/13), and Streptococcus spp. (4/9). For urinary tract infections caused by E. coli or Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp.), amikacin and florfenicol were the only drugs that demonstrated 100% in vitro efficacy. Multi-drug resistance was observed in 18.7% (246/1316) and 22% (21/97) of the isolates from dogs and cats, respectively. Except for Pseudomonas spp., known for intrinsic resistance, resistance in other bacteria was likely attributed to high selection pressure. In conclusion, empirical antimicrobial use cannot be recommended to treat most common infections, and selection should be based on results from susceptibility testing.
Serotyping, Genotyping and Virulence Genes Characterization of Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica Isolates Recovered from Pneumonic Cattle Calves in North Upper Egypt
Authors: Abed Ahmed H. , El-Seedy Fawzy R. , Hassan Hany M. , Nabih Ashraf M. , Khalifa Eman , Salem Salwa E. , Wareth Gamal , Menshawy Ahmed M. S.
Published: November 2020

Pasteurella (P.) multocida and Mannheimia (M.) haemolytica are the most two common pathogenic bacterial agents causing pneumonia in calves. Both bacteria are associated with significant economic losses in the cattle industry due to high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in the case of severe infections. The objectives of the present study were to perform serotyping and genotyping, as well as characterization of the virulence-associated genes in 48 bacterial isolates; 33 P. multocida and 15 M. haemolytica. All strains were isolated from pneumonic cattle calves showing respiratory manifestations such as fever, nasal discharges, and rapid breathing in North Upper Egypt governorates (Beni-Suef and El-Fayoum). PCR was applied as a confirmatory test using a specific universal gene, kmt1, and rpt2 for P. multocida and M. haemolytica, respectively. The results show that 29 (87.9%) P. multocida and 15 (100%) M. haemolytica isolates were positive for the corresponding universal gene. The results of serotyping indicate that 86.2% of P. multocida isolates belonged to serotype B:2, while 13.8% were untyped. Meanwhile, 60% and 40% of M. haemolytica isolates belonged to serotype 2 and serotype 1, respectively. Investigation of virulence-associated genes showed that all the tested P. multocida isolates harbored nanB, omp87, and toxA genes. Four M. haemolytica isolates harbored both gcp and lktC genes and of these, three isolates harbored the ssa gene. Sequencing of toxA gene of P. multocida and lktC gene of M. haemolytica in the current strains indicated a great homology with strains uploaded in gene banks from different hosts and localities worldwide.
Characterization of the Coastal Environment as a Baseline for Alternative Tourism Segments Development in Salinópolis, Pará
Authors: de Freitas Aline , Achete Fernanda , Vinzón Susana Beatriz
Published: November 2020

Salinópolis in Pará State, Brazil, is a coastal city with a highly seasonal tourism industry. Despite the potentiality of the region, tourism is mainly focused on beach use for recreation. The purpose of this study was to analyze environmental conditions to provide a baseline for development strategies of additional tourism activities, decreasing unwanted impacts, and improving the local economy. We combined wind and pluviosity data, remote sensing, and wave model results for the environmental characterization. Wave climate analysis shows higher waves in the first part of the year, favoring sports like water-surfing. Winds are more intense and parallel to the coast in the second part of the year when rain is low, defining ideal conditions for wind sports, like kitesurfing. Apart from sport activities, appropriately designed beach accesses through mangrove forest would allow a more even distribution of tourists on the beaches. Sustainable walkways projects could include multipurpose structures for beach access and development of ecotourism activities such as environmental education or bird watching. Gastronomic and cultural tourism could also reduce seasonality effects, attracting tourists also during the rainy season.
GP involvement after a cancer diagnosis; patients’ call to improve decision support
Authors: Noteboom Eveline A , Perfors Ietje AA , May Anne M , Stegmann Mariken E , Duijts Saskia FA , Visserman Ella A , Engelen Vivian , Richel Carol , van der Wall Elsken , de Wit Niek , Helsper Charles W
Published: November 2020

Background

Shared decision making (SDM) is considered important to realise personalised cancer care. Increased GP involvement after a diagnosis is advocated to improve SDM.

Aim

To explore whether patients with cancer are in need of GP involvement in cancer care in general and in SDM, and whether GP involvement occurs.

Design & setting

An online national survey was distributed by the Dutch Federation of Cancer Patient Organisations (NFK) in May 2019.

Method

The survey was sent to (former) patients with cancer. Topics included GP involvement in cancer care in general and in SDM. Descriptive statistics and quotes were used.

Results

Among 4763 (former) patients with cancer, 59% (n = 2804) expressed a need for GP involvement in cancer care. Of these patients, 79% (n = 2193) experienced GP involvement. Regarding GP involvement in SDM, 82% of patients (n = 3724) expressed that the GP should 'listen to patients' worries and considerations', 69% (n = 3130) to 'check patients' understanding of information', 66% (n = 3006) to 'discuss patients' priorities in life and the consequences of treatment options for these priorities', and 67% (n = 3045) to 'create awareness of the patient’s role in the decision making'. This happened in 47%, 17%, 15% and 10% of these patients, respectively.

Conclusion

The majority of (former) patients with cancer expressed a need for active GP involvement in cancer care. GP support in the fundamental SDM steps is presently insufficient. Therefore, GPs should be made aware of these needs and enabled to support their patients with cancer in SDM.
Vers une approche globale et intégrée de la sécurité des aliments
Authors: Assemat Benoit
Published: November 2020

Malgré le renforcement régulier de la règlementation et les efforts déployés par le secteur agroalimentaire pour garantir un haut niveau de sécurité, des crises sanitaires mettent régulièrement à l’épreuve la confiance des consommateurs. Le baromètre sur « la perception des risques et de la sécurité par les Français », publié chaque année par l’Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire, montre un faible niveau de confiance à l’égard des risques alimentaires. Sous l’influence de la mondialisation des échanges, de la pression sur les prix et de la complexification des circuits commerciaux, la chaîne alimentaire est devenue un terrain favorable au développement de nouvelles formes de criminalité. Trois principes permettant de construire une approche globale et intégrée de la sécurité de la chaine alimentaire sont présentés.
Bioremoval of Acephate by biofilm-forming Enterobacter cloacae – VITDAJ8 in a vertical packed bed biofilm bioreactor
Authors: Dash Dipti Mayee , Itusha Ankita , Osborne Jabez W
Published: November 2020

Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides are widely used due to their specific chemical properties and broad spectrum insecticidal activity. Accumulation of OP residues in various targeted and non-targeted environmental sites have increased the risk of biomagnifications thereby rendering serious threat to human health and the environment. Hence, the present study is primarily focused on the effective removal of Acephate (ACP) from aqueous solution. Bacteria isolated from the agricultural field and tannery effluent were screened based on their tolerance against two OP pesticides. The pesticide-resistant strains were further screened for biofilm formation and EPS production under ACP stress. Isolate VITDAJ8 exhibited highest pesticide tolerance against ACP, excellent biofilm formation and EPS production ability. Molecular characterization of VITDAJ8 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed the isolate to be the closest neighbor of Enterobacter cloacae (Accession no. KP305912). A bench-scale vertical packed bed biofilm bioreactor was designed for the bioremoval of OP pesticides. Groundnut shells with a bed height of 10 cm were used as substrate with biofilm formed by VITDAJ8. The biosorption of ACP from the aqueous solution was monitored using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and HPLC and maximum ACP bioremoval up to 86% was achieved within 90 minutes of reaction time. Removal of ACP using groundnut shells without biofilm support was comparatively less efficient. The equilibrium adsorption study revealed the process to be the best fit for Langmuir isotherm modeling with maximum adsorption up to 235 mg L-1 and the kinetics of biosorption was found to be fitting well with the second-order kinetic model.
A Mathematical Model Using Time Elements for Timed-Arc Petri Nets
Authors: YUFKA Alpaslan , APAYDIN ÖZKAN Hanife , AYBAR Aydin
Published: November 2020

In this work, a novel graphical and mathematical model is introduced for Timed-Arc Petri Nets. In this model, operation durations related to events are associated with arcs as firing durations. Time elements are introduced on the arcs of the model for monitoring tokens in operation durations (firing durations) of firing processes (events). In the model, the status of the system is represented as states consisting of remaining time vector for indicating the status of time elements and marking vector for indicating the status of places' state information. This feature of states allows to obtain reachability set enhanced with the time information and the timed reachability graph of the system. In this work, behavioral properties of the proposed model are also defined. Moreover, via considering real world systems, behavioral properties are analyzed and performance of the model is compared with Stretched Petri Nets which is a recently proposed type of Timed Petri Nets.
Kinerja Keuangan Dan Penghematan Pajak Sebelum Dan Sesudah Revaluasi Aset
Authors: Felisia Agustina , Sari Dian Purnama
Published: November 2020

Revaluation of assets is considered capable of fulfilling relevant information to investors and can improve the company's financial performance. In addition to improving financial performance, there are other studies that mention the revaluation of fixed assets may cause tax savings. Researches mostly discusse the impact of revaluation of fixed assets related to financial performance using quantitative methods, while researches looking at taxation aspects are discussed with qualitative methods. Therefore the researcher will try to connect financial performance using variables in the form of debt to equity ratio, operational profit margin, total turnover assets, and return on assets and tax savings using effective tax rate before and after revaluing fixed assets. The variable was tested using a mean difference test-MANOVA method and the sample used was a public company that revalued its fixed assets in 2013 year. The results of the study did not prove that there were differences in financial performance and tax savings before and after the company revaluing fixed assets.  This has no effect because the company that revalues ​​fixed assets is merely to meet the target of the government or actually the impact of the tax changes does not have a significant influence because there may be other impacts such as new additional costs for example appraiser fees, increased depreciation costs, all of which may make the company’s profits declined and final tax must be paid by the company. Instead, the revaluation just increase the book value of fixed assets and not the fixed assets physically
Hygienic Substantiation of Acoustic Load Reduction Methods for Residential Premises
Authors: Levanchuk AV , Kopytenkova OI , Afanasieva TA
Published: November 2020

Summary. Introduction: Traffic flows cause noise discomfort in 75-80 % of urban territories. Automobile and railway objects located near residential buildings generate indoor noise levels that exceed current standards by 5–30 dB. Approximately 20–25% of the Russian population live in areas of excessive traffic-related acoustic load. Despite the existing methods of acoustic load reduction in residential quarters, the number of complaints about high noise exposures in residential buildings keeps growing. Our objectives was to give a hygienic substantiation of an additional method of acoustic load reduction in residential premises based on the results of analyzing the level of acoustic discomfort. Materials and methods: Measurements, assessment and analysis of the noise level along automobile roads and railways and in the reverberation chamber were carried out in accordance with the current regulatory and technical documentation using a noise/vibration meter and spectrum analyzer “EKOFIZIKA-110A”. Data was processed using the Signal+/110 Utilities software. We studied characteristics of sound insulation of airborne noise with polyester shutters with fire retardant impregnation. Results: The results showed that high noise exposure levels in residential areas with transport infrastructure. Automobile traffic flows form an acoustic load in the range of 71–84 dBA, urban railway traffic flows (trams) – 61–80 dBA, and a train – 66–77 dBA. The excess of hygienic standards at night can reach 32 to 39 dBA. The material with the best sound insulation properties was selected showing an efficiency of 5 dBA. Conclusions: Acoustic discomfort is now registered in urban residential areas with developed automobile and railroad networks. Available methods of soundproofing and noise mitigation are not effective enough or may not be used in the current urban development situation to reduce the risk of negative reactions of the human body to excessive noise exposures in residential premises, especially at night. A 5 dBA acoustic load reduction can lower the risk of negative reactions of the human body to noise exposures.
Results of Applying the Method of Visual Fatigue Prevention Using Low-Intensity Laser Radiation
Authors: Mal’kova NYu , Petrova MD
Published: November 2020

Summary. Introduction: Visual fatigue is caused by changes in the muscular apparatus and retina of the eye and is characterized by deterioration in their functional activity. Along with an increase in work experience and age, workplace visual stress promotes the loss of performance. Known methods of visual fatigue prevention and eye strain relief are ineffective. In this regard, a technique of relieving visual fatigue using scattered low-level red laser radiation was developed and patented. The purpose of our study was a retrospective evaluation of effectiveness of the visual fatigue reduction technique. Materials and methods: We examined two groups of women (PC operators and jewellers) aged 43–57 years experiencing visual stress at work and practicing the method under study over the previous 20 years. The state of daylight vision was assessed by adaptation time. Results: A five-day testing of the method of visual fatigue relief showed stabilization of the light sensitivity threshold throughout the work shift. Over the 20-year period, the female workers had had no complaints of eye strain, burning or lacrimation. Objective studies of the functional state of the organ of sight showed that the light sensitivity threshold during the working day in two study groups was significantly lower than that in the control group with no preventive measures taken. Conclusions: We established that using the technique of eye strain relief based on a two-minute binocular exposure to red laser radiation with the power density of 2×10–7 W/cm2, a 5-day course every six months over the period of 20 years, helped retain retinal activity in terms of light sensitivity, thus preventing visual fatigue.
CFD NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TEMPERATURE AND AIRFLOW DISTRIBUTION
IN PIGSTY BASED ON GRID INDEPENDENCE VERIFICATION
Authors: Jin Min , Wang Chunguang , Wang Pengpeng
Published: November 2020

Grid independence verification was implemented to improve the reliability of CFD numerical simulation in pigsty. The effects of four different grid numbers on airflow and temperature simulation of 0.4m, 1.0m and 1.6m heights were compared. The results showed that the third method of mesh generation and the grid numbers about 2.09 million were more suitable for this pigsty model. The average relative error of airflow velocity and temperature between the simulated and the measured alues were 7.1% and 3.8% respectively, the average NMSE were 0.0012 and 0.0066 respectively. Therefore, grid independence verification is of great significance for CFD numerical simulation.
DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTIMIZATION OF AIRFOIL-TRIANGLE SIEVE FOR HAMMER MILL
Authors: Wang Di , He Changbin , Wang Haiqing , Liu Fei , Tian Haiqing , Ma Liang
Published: November 2020

The performance of a hammer mill is affected by the formation of a circulation layer. In this paper, an airfoil-triangle sieve was designed to destroy the circulation layer and improve the performance of the hammer mill. To determine the optimal design parameters of the airfoil-triangle sieve, three-factor and three-level tests were carried out by using the productivity and output per kW•h as the evaluation indexes and the airfoil camber, angle of attack and isosceles angle as the influencing factors. The order of the influences on the productivity was airfoil camber>angle of attack>isosceles angle. The order of the influences on the output per kW•h was angle of attack>airfoil camber>isosceles angle. The optimum combination after parameter optimization was determined to be as follows: airfoil camber of 0.15, angle of attack of 10° and isosceles angle of 113°. A test was carried out with to the optimum parameter combination. The results showed that the productivity and output per kW•h were 1101.56 kg/h and 188.97 kg/kW•h, respectively, which were consistent with the predicted results. The regression model was reliable.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL MELALUI MEDIA POP UP BOOK TEMATIK DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Muskania Ricka Tesi , Marini Arita , Maksum Arifin
Published: November 2020

Pendidikan multikultural memberikan kesempatan yang sama bagi peserta didik untuk dapat memiliki segala interaksi dari berbagai latar belakang budaya yang berbeda. Hal ini akan membentuk generasi Indonesia menjadi unggul dan membanggakan yang menjadikan keanekaragaman sebagai kekayaan yang mempersatukan bangsa Indonesia. Dalam pendidikan tematik guru harus dapat mengintegrasikan beberapa materi dalam suatu tema dengan merangkul peserta didik dalam proses pembelajarannya sehingga peserta didik menikmati proses pembelajaran yang berlangsung tanpa deskriminasi terhadap kelompok minoritas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatof dengan rancangan studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan observasi langsung selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Hasil dari penelitian ini memberikan gambaran pelaksanaan pembelajaran tematik dapat dilaksanakan berbasis multikultural karena di usia sekolah dasar perlu penanaman nilai-nilai toleransi dan saling menghargai terhadap perbedaan.
РОЛЬ МЕНТАЛИТЕТА В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ВОСПРИЯТИЯ АНТОНИМИЧНЫХ ЗНАЧЕНИЙ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ КОРЕЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА)
Authors: KIM Tatyana
Published: November 2020

Корея, принадлежащая восточной культуре, имеет разные интеллектуальные традиции, отличающиеся не только от тех, которые относятся к западной культуре, но и от других восточноазиатских стран из-за разницы в историческом и социальном развитии.
Для корейцев до недавнего времени были характерны коллективизм, общественная иерархичность и приверженность национальным традициям, что соответственно формирует определенную ментальную и языковую картину мира. Корейцы в обычной жизни не ищут своего тождества посредством исключительной иерархичности, а прилагают усилия гармонизировать любые противостоящие элементы в обществе.
Некоторые корейские ученые утверждают, что европейцы обязательно должны из двух противоречивых ответов выбрать один, однако корейцы, попадая в противоречивую ситуацию, особо над ней не раздумывают и неудобства не испытывают.
В корейском языке в значении противоположности или, как нередко считают, в концептосфере «противоположность», обнаруживается существенное влияние конфуцианства на мировоззрение и менталитет корейцев и его глубокое проникновение в их сознание и язык.
Корейские лингвисты в результате исследований выявили, что имеется особое значение пространства человеческих отношений и слов, несущих антонимичный смысл. Определенные слова являются относительными семантическими оппозициями по отношению друг к другу, поскольку воспринимаются всеми по-разному. Так, в результате эксперимента, проводимого учеными, выяснилось, что часть предложенных для анализа слов, хотя и принадлежала группе языковых стандартных антонимов, куда входили качественные прилагательные, имеющие характер крайне полярного смысла, учащимися воспринималась по-разному, не обязательно как антонимы. Учащиеся воспринимали значение слов согласно своему мировоззрению и эмоциональному состоянию.
Conditional Link Prediction of Category-Implicit Keypoint Detection
Authors: Yi-Ge Ellen , Fan Rui , Liu Zechun , Shen Zhiqiang
Published: November 2020

Keypoints of objects reflect their concise abstractions, while the corresponding connection links (CL) build the skeleton by detecting the intrinsic relations between keypoints. Existing approaches are typically computationally-intensive, inapplicable for instances belonging to multiple classes, and/or infeasible to simultaneously encode connection information. To address the aforementioned issues, we propose an end-to-end category-implicit Keypoint and Link Prediction Network (KLPNet), which is the first approach for simultaneous semantic keypoint detection (for multi-class instances) and CL rejuvenation. In our KLPNet, a novel Conditional Link Prediction Graph is proposed for link prediction among keypoints that are contingent on a predefined category. Furthermore, a Cross-stage Keypoint Localization Module (CKLM) is introduced to explore feature aggregation for coarse-to-fine keypoint localization. Comprehensive experiments conducted on three publicly available benchmarks demonstrate that our KLPNet consistently outperforms all other state-of-the-art approaches. Furthermore, the experimental results of CL prediction also show the effectiveness of our KLPNet with respect to occlusion problems.
PERILAKU PENANGANAN NYERI DISMENORE PADA REMAJA DI SMP PGRI 5 DENPASAR
Authors: Fredelika Lili , Oktaviani Ni Putu Wiwik , Suniyadewi Ni Wayan
Published: November 2020

Masalah yang timbul pada saat menstruasi seperti dismenore merupakan  masalah  yang  sering  dialami  oleh  30-50%  remaja  putri  di  setiap negara. Tingginya kejadian dismenore ini tidak diimbangi dengan perilaku yang baik, dimana masih jarang ditemukan dokumentasi mengenai penanganan dismenore yang dilakukan oleh remaja di UKS, maka pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan  yang baik  sangat  diperlukan  untuk  menciptakan  perilaku  yang  baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penanganan nyeri dismenore pada remaja di SMP PGRI 5 Denpasar. Metode yang digunakan adalah diskriptif  kuantitatif  dengan  pendekatan  cross  sectional.  Teknik  pengumpulan data  menggunakan  kuesioner,  sedangkan  teknik  pengambilan  sampel menggunakan probability sampling dengan teknik stratified random sampling, jumlah sampel sebanyak 154 siswi kelas IX. Hasil penelitian didapatkan sebanyak 116 siswi (75,3 %) memiliki pengetahuan baik, sebanyak 110 siswi (71,4 %) yang memiliki sikap baik, sebanyak 139 siswi (90,3%) yang memiliki tindakan penanganan dismenore kurang. Sehingga didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa perilaku penanganan nyeri dismenore pada remaja di SMP PGRI 5 Denpasar termasuk dalam kategori cukup (91,5%). Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan perilaku penanganan nyeri dismenore pada remaja. Semakin baik tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan yang ditunjukkan oleh remaja,  maka  semakin  baik  pula  perilaku  penanganan  nyeri  dismenore  pada remaja.
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN KEMANDIRIAN LANSIA DALAM MELAKSANAKAN PERSONAL HYGIENE DI KABUPATEN GIANYAR
Authors: Kirawan I Komang Yoki , Prihatiningsih Diah
Published: November 2020

Personal Hygiene adalah kemampuan seseorang untuk merawat diri sendiri mulai dari tidur, menadi, memakai baju dan seterusnya sampai akhirnya tidur kembali. Dengan kata lain, semua kegiatan yang dilakukan seseorang untuk merawat diri sendiri. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini diperlukan adanya dukungan keluarga sebagai salah satu faktor interpersonal untuk tercapainya kemandirian lansia dalam melaksanakan personal hygiene. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan kemandirian lansia dalam melaksanakan personal hygiene. Penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional. Teknik sampling pada penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling dengan 45 sampel. Berdasarkan uji korelasi Rank spearman menunjukan bahwa koefisien korelasi (r) =0,425 dengan koefisien korelasi kuat dan positif dengan nilai p value = 0,004 (p<a) yang berarti ada hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan kemandirian lansia dalam melaksanakan personal hygiene di Gianyar Berdasarkan hasil temuan di atas diharapkan bisa memberikan masukan dan informasi bagi masyarakat khususnya untuk lebih meningkatkan personal hygiene  pada lansia agar lebih baik.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DENGAN KEPATUHAN MASYARAKAT USIA PRODUKTIF DALAM PEMANFAATAN POS PEMBINAAN TERPADU PENYAKIT TIDAK MENULAR (POSBINDU PTM)
Authors: Purnamasari Ni Kadek Ayu , Muliawati Ni Kadek , Faidah Nurul
Published: November 2020

Posbindu PTM adalah wujud peran serta masyarakat dalam kegiatan deteksi dini, monitoring dan tindak lanjut dini faktor risiko PTM secara mandiri dan berkesinambung. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi rendahnya kunjungan Posbindu PTM adalah pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pemanfaatan Posbindu PTM. Pengetahuan tersebut nantinya akan membentuk sikap seseorang baik kearah yang negatif maupun positif, apabila pengetahuan masyarakat kurang mengenai Posbindu PTM maka akan mengakibatkan meningkatnya angka kematian akibat PTM. Untuk menganalisis hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan masyarakat usia produktif dalam pemanfaatan Posbindu penyakit tidak menular. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang dilakukan terhadap 93 sampel yang menggunakan teknik sampling yaitu non probability sampling dengan teknik purposive sampling. Sebagian besar masyarakat usia produktif di Banjar Busung Yeh Kauh memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang dengan tingkat kepatuhan kurang yaitu sebanyak 50 orang (53,8%). Hasil uji statistik Rank Spearman didapatkan hasil p=0,000 (<0,05) dengan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,855 yang berarti terdapat hubungan yang sangat kuat antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan masyarakat usia produktif dalam pemanfaatan Posbindu penyakit tidak menular. Pengetahuan masyarakat tentang Posbindu PTM mempengaruhi kepatuhan dalam pemanfaatan Posbindu PTM, upaya yang harus dilakukan sebaiknya meningkatkan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat tentang pentingnya memanfaatkan pelayanan Posbindu penyakit tidak menular untuk mengurangi angka kematian yang disebabkan oleh penyakit tidak menular
The Question Of Identity In Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach
Authors: Juliawan Benny Hari
Published: November 2020

Abstract: Amartya Sen introduces the concept of capabilities, i.e. what people are able to do and to be, as a non-economic measure in the development evaluation. This essay seeks to explore how this concept deals with the issues of values and politics, which in many cases determines people’s identity. The main argument is that the concept of capabilities is built around a certain individualistic view of human beings, whereas identity suggests a more complex picture. As such, Sen’s capability approach cannot properly address the issue of identity and risks losing important insights which may contribute to people’s well being.

Keywords: Amartya Sen, capability approach, identity, development, justice.

Abstrak: Amartya Sen memperkenalkan konsep kapabilitas, yakni apa yang dapat dilakukan oleh seseorang dan bagaimana ia dapat menjadi dirinya, sebagai tolok ukur non-ekonomik dalam evaluasi pembangunan. Artikel ini berupaya mengkaji bagaimana konsep ini dapat diselaraskan dengan nilai-nilai identitas dan politik, yang dalam banyak hal menentukan apa yang dianggap oleh banyak orang sebagai nilai. Argumen yang dikemukakan dalam artikel ini adalah bahwa konsep mengenai kapabilitas dibangun atas sebuah pandangan individualistik mengenai manusia, sementara identitas menyiratkan sebuah gambaran yang lebih kompleks. Dipahami secara demikian, pendekatan kapabilitas Sen tidak dapat menanggapi permasalahan identitas secara memadai dan beresiko kehilangan insight penting yang justru dapat memberi sumbangan bagi kesejahteraan manusia.

Kata-kata kunci: Amartya Sen, pendekatan kapabilitas, identitas, perkembangan, keadilan.
Ernst Mach Dan Ekonomi Pikiran
Authors: Supelli Karlina
Published: November 2020

Abstract: Ernst Mach stands as a representative figure of the positivist philosophy of science at the turn of the twentieth century, yet he is by far the most misunderstood scientist-philosopher. The misunderstanding is largely caused by his epistemological rejection of the use of hypothetical entities that are ordinarily posited by scientists. He also argued against the mechanistic worldview which dominated scientific investigations in the nineteenth century. This essay will demonstrate that Mach’s positivism differs from the earlier positivism of August Comte. His anti metaphysical stance is deeply-rooted in his physical phenomenology, guided by the economy of thought in pursuit of the unity of science. In Mach’s view, scientific theories are merely biological tools for organizing experience by means of the fewest possible concepts, and all metaphysical elements are to be eliminated from science as methodologically and epistemologically superfluous. But Mach’s thesis of the unification of science does not share the common concern of the logical positivists to reduce various scientific statements to physical language. While Mach’s philosophy of science clearly exhibits a miscalculation of the strength of scientific conceptual tools, his physical phenomenology serves as a bridge between theory and experiment which has proved to be fruitful.

Keywords: The economy of thought, evolution, element, physical phenomenology, the unity of science, instrumentalism, emphirical realism.

 

Abstrak: Ernst Mach tampil sebagai tokoh representatif dari Filsafat Ilmu Pengetahuan positivis pada peralihan menuju abad ke-20, sekaligus sebagai ilmuwan-filsuf yang paling disalahpahami. Kesalahpahaman tersebut sebagian besar disebabkan oleh penolakan epitemologisnya terhadap penggunaan wujud-wujud hipotetis yang kerap diajukan oleh para ilmuwan. Ia juga melawan cara pandang mekanistis yang mendominasi penyelidikan ilmiah pada abad ke-19. Artikel ini memperlihatkan bahwa positivisme Mach berbeda dengan positivisme August Comte yang mendahuluinya. Pandangan anti-metafisis Mach berakar sangat dalam pada fisika fenomenologi yang dipandu oleh ekonomi pikiran untuk mencapai sains terpadu. Dalam pandangan Mach, teori-teori ilmiah semata-mata sarana biologis untuk menata pengalaman dengan memanfaatkan sesedikit mungkin konsep, dan semua elemen metafisika perlu disingkirkan dari sains karena secara metodologis dan epistemologis tidak bermanfaat. Namun, tesis Mach tentang sains terpadu tidak sejalan dengan gagasan para positivis logis yang mereduksi berbagai macam pernyataan ilmiah ke dalam bahasa fisika. Sementara Filsafat Ilmu Pengetahuan Mach jelas-jelas keliru dalam memperhitungkan kekuatan piranti-piranti konseptual sains, fisika fenomenologi yang menjembatani teori dan eksperimen telah terbukti sangat bermanfaat.

Kata-kata kunci: Ekonomi pikiran, evolusi, elemen, fisika fenomenologi, sains terpadu, instrumentalisme, realisme empiris.
Hukum Sebagai Interpretasi
Authors: Bello Petrus CKL
Published: November 2020

Abstract: The issue of interpretation is one of the major themes in the study of law and legal practices. Nonetheless, while legal interpretation plays a crucial role in the study of law, scholars have yet to reach an agreement about its nature and status in the discipline. One of the most prolific legal philosophers who is deeply engaged in the discourse of this issue is Ronald Dworkin. This article will examine his views on law as an interpretation. The constructive interpretation model that Dworkin develops has posed a serious challenge for analytical jurisprudence in general, and especially, for legal positivism. The challenge is substantive and methodological; substantive, in the sense that it seeks to radically criticize a sharp separation between law and morality as prevalent in legal positivism, and methodological in the sense that it seeks to put together the analysis of legal concepts with the interpretation of law as it is regarded from the perspective of particular legal cases. Through the concept of law as interpretation, Dworkin wishes to formulate his own understanding of law as a coherent system of legal principles.

Keywords: Ronald Dworkin, constructive interpretation model, external and internal skepticism, theory of law, rights thesis, difficult cases.

 

Abstrak: Persoalan interpretasi merupakan salah satu tema besar dalam studi hukum dan praktik hukum. Kendati demikian, sementara interpretasi hukum memainkan peran krusial dalam studi hukum, para pakar masih belum sepakat mengenai hakikat dan kedudukannya dalam disiplin ilmu tersebut. Salah seorang ahli filsafat hukum yang sangat produktif dan sangat serius menggeluti persoalan ini adalah Ronald Dworkin. Artikel ini akan mengkaji pandangan Dworkin tentang hukum sabagai sebuah interpretasi. Model interpretasi konstruktif yang dikembangkan oleh Dworkin merupakan tantangan yang sangat serius bagi yurisprudensi analitis pada umumnya, dan khususnya bagi positivisme hukum. Tantangan ini bersifat substantif dan metodologis. Bersifat substantif dalam arti bahwa Dworkin mengkritik secara radikal pemisahan yang begitu tajam antara hukum dan moralitas seperti lazim terjadi dalam positivisme hukum. Tantangan ini juga bersifat metodologis dalam arti bahwa tantangan tersebut berkehendak menyatukan analisis atas konsep hukum dengan interpretasi terhadapnya, dipandang dari perspektif kasus-kasus hukum partikular. Melalui konsep hukum sebagai interpretasi, Dworkin ingin memformulasikan pemahamannya tentang hukum sebagai sebuah sistem prinsip-prinsip hukum yang koheren.

Kata-kata kunci: Ronald Dworkin, model interpretasi konstruktif, skeptisisme eksternal dan internal, teori hukum, tesis hak, kasus-kasus sulit.
Creativity and God In Whitehead's Process Philosophy
Authors: Tjaya Thomas Hidya
Published: November 2020

Abstract: The category of creativity unquestionably occupies a central position in Alfred North Whitehead’s philosophy of organism. Its employment is hardly surprising given his project to establish a speculative philosophy that is compatible with modern science. This article examines the use of such a category in this project and argues that the separation between creativity and God causes several problems, including the absence of an ontological principle that may ground the interaction of the various elements in this metaphysical scheme. A more fundamental question is also raised concerning the nature of this project, which walks a fine line between philosophy and science.

Keywords: Whitehead, creativity, the Category of the Ultimate, metaphysics, Aristotle, organism, God.

Abstrak: Kategori kreativitas jelas memperoleh tempat sentral dalam filsafat organisme Alfred North Whitehead. Kehadiran kategori ini tidaklah mengherankan mengingat usahanya untuk membangun sebuah filsafat spekulatif yang selaras dengan sains modern. Artikel ini hendak mengevaluasi penggunaan kategori ini dan menyampaikan argumen bahwa pemisahan antara kreativitas dan Tuhan memuat sejumlah masalah, termasuk ketiadaan sebuah prinsip ontologis yang dapat menyatukan interaksi berbagai unsur dalam skema metafisika ini. Sebuah pertanyaan lebih mendasar juga diajukan terkait dengan hakikat proyek ini sendiri yang memperlihatkan tipisnya batas antara filsafat dan sains.

Kata-kata Kunci: Whitehead, kreativitas, Kategori Pokok, metafisika, Aristoteles, organisme, Tuhan.
The Dynamics Of Human Desire In Buddhism And Christianity
Authors: Laksana Albertus Bagus
Published: November 2020

Abstract: In their struggle against the capitalist colonization of desire, Christianity and Buddhism offer similar strategies of fundamental formation or transformation of human desire. This article examines three specific features in which Christianity and Buddhism share a broad and deep resemblance in their analysis of on the dynamics of human desire and its transformation. First, both traditions identify distorted human desire as a source of bondage (or suffering), which affects the mind (intellectual), the heart (affective) and the body. Second, in terms of the strategy of liberation from this bondage, both agree that human desiring constitutes the most effective internal force available in the human make up itself. Thus, the liberation process is not aimed at wiping out human desire but rather at channeling the very power of human desiring through a process of education whose dynamics are understood as an ascent or a journey that leads to higher (or deeper) Reality. Third, with regard to the direction of liberation, both traditions assert that this process should be directed not only toward the self but also towards others. Here the benefit for others, the virtue of caritas in Christianity and bodhicitta in Buddhism, constitutes a fundamental part of the direction of this process of formation.

Keywords: Christianity, Buddhism, desire, capitalism, bondage,transformation, caritas, bodhicitta.

Abstrak: Dalam perlawanan mereka terhadap kolonisasi hasrat oleh kapitalisme, tradisi Budhis dan Kristiani menawarkan cara-cara yang mirip untuk mendidik atau mentransformasi hasrat manusia. Artikel ini membahas tiga unsur penting yang sama dari analisis Budhisme dan Kristianitas mengenai dinamika hasrat manusia dan transformasinya. Pertama, kedua tradisi ini mengidentifikasi hasrat manusia yang rusak atau salah arah sebagai sebab dasariah dari penderitaan manusia. Kerusakan hasrat ini juga mempengaruhi dimensi intelektual, afektif dan juga tubuh manusia. Kedua, perihal cara pembebasan dari penderitaan ini, kedua tradisi ini juga sepakat bahwa hasrat manusia merupakan dayainternal paling efektif dalam diri manusia sendiri. Karena itu, proses pembebasan ini tidak dimaksudkan untuk membuang hasrat dari kemanusiaan, melainkan untuk menyalurkan daya hasrat ini melalui proses transformasi yang berdinamika “mendaki,” sebuah perjalanan menuju Realitas yang lebih tinggi atau dalam. Ketiga, mengenai arah pembebasan ini, kedua tradisi menekankan bahwa proses ini ditujukan tidak hanya untuk diri sendiri melainkan juga sesama. Dalam hal ini, kepentingan sesama seperti diungkapkan oleh keutamaan caritas dalam Kristianitas dan bodhicitta dalam Budhisme merupakan bagian dasariah dari arah transformasi hasrat manusia itu sendiri.

Kata-kata kunci: Kristianitas, Budhisme, hasrat, kapitalisme, penderitaan, transformasi, caritas, bodhicitta.